bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variation and Population Structure at Enzyme Gene Loci in Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze
Authors: Sousa V. A. , Robinson I. P. , Hattemer H. H.
Published: November 2017

We describe alloenzyme variation in A. angustifolia populations of three separate geographical areas in southern Brazil. The genetic structure of populations was examined in seedtrees, embryos and effective pollen. Seven out of 24 enzyme loci were polymorphic. The average number of alleles per locus (24 loci) was 1.54, with 2.44 alleles per polymorphic locus. Mean expected and observed heterozygosities at the polymorphic loci were He = 0.128 and Ho = 0.132 for seed-trees, and He = 0.142 and Ho = 0.161 for embryos. All measures of genetic variability were highest in the most northern populations. Differences among localities explained 84.14% and 92.06% of the total genetic diversity in embryos and seed trees, respectively. Sex ratio was 1:1 in almost all populations. Female and male gene pools differed in allele frequencies, most significantly at loci 6- Pgdh-B and Skdh-B. This explains the excess of heterozygotes detected among embryos. No inbreeding or excess of heterozygotes was detected among adult seed trees. Genetic variation in A. angustifolia revealed a latitudinal gradient.
Stability of Outcrossing Rates in Eucalyptus globulus Seedlots
Authors: McGowen M. H. , Williams D. R. , Potts B. M. , Vaillancourt R. E.
Published: November 2017

Eucalyptus globulus has a mixed mating system and selfing leads to severe inbreeding depression. Thus, outcrossing rate is an important measure of seed quality in this species. Outcrossing rates were estimated on the frequency of a rare recessive chlorophyll deficient mutant in open pollinated seed. Variation of outcrossing rates across different flowering seasons, seed sizes and storage times was assessed in E. globulus seedlots. Although there was a significant difference between the trees studied, outcrossing rates within a tree were found to be stable across four flowering seasons and three seed sizes. Storage either on the tree or in the laboratory did not alter the outcrossing rate in a consistent manner. The stability of outcrossing rates with season of pollination, age and size of seed is noteworthy as these factors may vary widely in multi-tree seedlots used for plantation establishment.
Identification of Molecular Markers for Selected Wood Properties of Norway Spruce Picea abies L. (Karst.) I. Wood Density
Authors: Markussen T. , Tusch A. , Stephan B. R. , Fladung M.
Published: November 2017

The identification of AFLP markers and their subsequent conversion to SCAR-markers linked to wood density of Norway Spruce (Picea abies L [Karst.]) is described for the first time. In AFLP-analyses, 102 different primer enzyme combinations were screened in a bulked segregant approach comparing individuals with high and low wood density. A total of 107 polymorphic AFLP fragments were obtained between the DNA-pools. Twenty-three markers were selected for further analyses to verify their linkage to wood density based on individuals used for pool constitution and additional unrelated clonal material. For 15 markers, a significant linkage to wood density was confirmed by a two-sided Fisher’s-exact test. Four markers were converted into SCAR markers and validated for plant material assayed for wood density by X-ray microdensitometry. For each marker a monomorphic band was obtained using sets of nested primers or restriction site-specific primers (RSS), which include the AFLP-restriction recognition sites. For two markers that are linked to high wood density, a separation from unlinked size homologous marker-alleles was realized by a PCR-restriction approach. Validation of these markers in different full-sib families confirmed their usability to separate the classes for low and high wood density of Picea abies.
Clonal Propagation of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. by Softwood Nodal Cuttings: Effects of Genotypes, Application of IBA and Position of Cuttings on Shoots
Authors: Husen A.
Published: November 2017

Softwood nodal shoot cuttings were collected from the hedge garden at New Forest campus of Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun. The cuttings were rooted in mist chamber to investigate the effect of IBA application and position of cuttings on shoots on rooting ability in different clones of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. As compared to the 0% (control) and 0.1%; 0.2% IBA showed maximum adventitious root formation. Overall percent rooting, percent sprouting, mean number of shoots and their length, mean number of roots and their length increased with increasing concentration of IBA. Among different positions of cuttings within the shoots, the best rooting response was recorded in the middle part followed lower and upper part. The findings exhibited significant interclonal variation regarding adventitious rooting and maximum response was observed in C42 (Gonda, Uttar Pradesh) clone. Interactive effect of clone C42 and middle position significantly increased percent sprouting while; interactive effects of middle position and 0.2% IBA treatment significantly increased percent rooting. It is concluded that the selection of genotypes with good rooting ability with respect to shoot position in hedged plants and concentration of IBA can be made to produce high quality planting stock material to start clonal forestry programme of D. sissoo.
Longitudinal Differences in Scots pine Frost Hardiness
Authors: Andersson Bengt , Fedorkov A.
Published: November 2017

The autumn frost hardiness of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations from Scandinavia (57°28’-68°54’ N, 13°00’-27°00’ E) and the Komi Republic in Russia (61°30’-64°20’ N, 49°10’-54°50’ E), and open pollinated families from a population in Komi (61°43’ N, 51°07’ E) were examined in artificial freezing tests with one-year-old seedlings. The aims were to estimate genetic variation in hardiness between families of Russian origin and to compare populations of Russian (continental) and Scandinavian (maritime) origins. The longitudinal distance between the Scandinavian and Russian seed sources was associated with a significant difference in climatic conditions. At latitude 63°N the degree of continentality (the difference between July and January monthly mean temperatures) was 23.7°C for longitude 15°E in Sweden and 35.2°C for longitude 54°E in Komi. The narrow-sense heritability of frost hardiness calculated for the Russian families was 0.22. This indicates relatively high genetic control of the trait, of similar magnitude as earlier shown for populations of Scandinavian origin. Both Scandinavian and Russian populations showed a strong clinal variation in frost hardiness, northern populations being the hardiest. In addition, Russian populations were more frost hardy than Scandinavian ones from corresponding latitudes and attained the same level of hardiness as Scandinavian populations from 4.1° latitude further north. The results indicate that the longitude or continentality of the origins of Scots pine populations is associated with adaptive pressures that have significant effects on hardiness and are distinct from photoperiodic effects. When enriching breeding or production populations by including populations from remote origins it is essential to recognize not only latitudinal origin, but also longitudinal origin or temperature regime, in order to match material to the planned utilization areas.
Chloroplast DNA Variation in Some Representatives of the Asian, North American and Mediterranean Firs (Abies spp)
Authors: Kormutak A. , Vookova B. , Ziegenhagen B. , Kwon H. Y. , Hong Y. P.
Published: November 2017

Using PCR-RFLP analysis, a comparative study on the restriction site polymorphism within 8 genes and regions of the Abies chloroplast DNA has been conducted covering 15 Asian, 6 North American and 7 Mediterranean species. A variable degree of divergence was observed among individual species of a given region as well as between geographical groups. A group of the Mediterranean firs, consisting of closely related species, differed profoundly from both Asian and North American representatives. Although a higher level of restriction site variants was detected among the Asian firs, two thirds of them were allocated to the difference between A. mariesii and the other Asian firs. The North American species exhibited the highest level of polymorphism resulting in several subgroups on a cladogram. At the individual species level, the Asian species A. mariesii and the North American species A. lasiocarpa diverged conspicuously from their counterparts in their respective regions. The results of restriction site polymorphism analysis are discussed with ragard to crossability and taxonomic status of individual species.
Juvenile – Mature Genetic Correlations in Pinus pinaster Ait. Under Different Nutrient x Water Regimes
Authors: Zas R. , Merlo E. , Fernández-López J.
Published: November 2017

Juvenile - mature (JM) correlations and selection efficiencies among one-year old Pinus pinaster seedlings and 8-yr field performance were analyzed in order to study the possibilities of early selection in the maritime pine breeding program in Galicia (NW Spain). Twenty four open-pollinated families from a first generation clonal seed orchard were grown in the greenhouse under two nutrient crossed with two water regimes. Several growth and dry mass traits were assessed 30 weeks after sowing and compared with field performance (height, diameter and volume) of four 8-yr-old progeny tests established in the coastal area of Galicia. Family mean correlations and genetic correlations were computed for each greenhouse trait, greenhouse treatment, field test site and field trait combination. Except for a few cases, most of the JM correlations were weak and in many cases negative. There was no detectable pattern of JM correlations regarding to combinations of greenhouse treatments and test site water availability and/or fertility. The large variation in the JM correlations for the same traits in different environments and sites (even changing sign in several cases) suggest a large influence of the genotype x environment interaction in the JM estimations. Other possible causes of the weak JM correlations are discussed. Based on the results of this study it may be concluded that none of the combinations of trait and treatment included in this experiment can be recommended for incorporation into early testing in the Galician Pinus pinaster breeding program. Indications for further research to optimize an early selection procedure are included.
DNA Profiling, Pedigree Lineage Analysis and Monitoring in the Australian Breeding Program of Radiata Pine
Authors: Bell J. C. , Powell M. , Devey M. E. , Moran G. F.
Published: November 2017

Ten microsatellite loci were used to DNA profile 215 first and second generation breeding clones in the Australian radiata pine breeding program. The clones were essentially unique from one another and these DNA profiles were used to examine the sexual and asexual phases in the breeding program. Only 2.6% of ramets from 25 breeding clones were incorrect whereas 8.4% of progeny from 10 families were genetically incorrect. The lineages of second generation clones were checked for DNA profiles that were available for putative parents. Some parents appear to be incorrect on the basis of the DNA profiles and further sampling will be required to confirm these results across the breeding program. Microsatellite markers can now enable most questions to be resolved in breeding programs and also will allow novel breeding strategies to be used in the future.
Accuracy of Single- and Multiple-Trait REML Evaluation of Data Including Non-Random Missing Records
Authors: Persson T. , Andersson B.
Published: November 2017

We examined the accuracy of single- and multiple-trait REML procedures by studying estimates of within-individual genetic correlations between an ordered categorical trait and a continuous trait. The traits were derived from simulated bivariate, normally distributed data including selectively deleted records. Ten thousand data sets were generated for each partially factorial combination of two levels of genetic correlation (0.3 and 0.6), and environmental correlation (0.3 and 0.6), and three levels of narrow-sense individual heritability (0.05, 0.15 and 0.25) and mortality (0, 10, 30 and 50%). All data sets consisted of data on 200 unrelated parents, each with 20 halfsib progenies. The accuracy of the evaluations was illustrated in terms of average bias and variation of derived correlation estimates. The average bias values generated by multiple-trait REML were generally low. In contrast, single-trait REML was sensitive to selective deletion of records and systematically underestimated the genetic correlations. For both methods, especially at low heritabilities, the magnitude of the variation was generally high, showing that there is a substantial probability of obtaining seriously misleading genetic correlation estimates if the analysis is based on a single experiment and data include non-random missing records.
Use of Belowground Growing Degree Days to Predict Rooting of Dormant Hardwood Cuttings of Populus
Authors: Zalesny R. S. , Bauer E. O. , Riemenschneider D. E.
Published: November 2017

Planting Populus cuttings based on calendar days neglects soil temperature extremes and does not promote rooting based on specific genotypes. Our objectives were to: 1) test the biological efficacy of a thermal index based on belowground growing degree days (GDD) across the growing period, 2) test for interactions between belowground GDD and clones, and 3) identify beneficial planting windows based on combinations of genotypes and belowground GDD. We tested two clones of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh (D133, D134) and four hybrid clones of P. deltoides × P. maximowiczii A. Henry (DM101, DM105, NC14105, NC14107). Cuttings, 20 cm long, were planted in randomized complete blocks at 15- × 15-cm spacing across three planting dates during 1999 at Alexandria, Minnesota, USA (45.9°N, 95.4°W) and Fertile, Minnesota, USA (47.3°N, 96.2°W). Temperatures at 20 cm belowground were converted to GDD with a base temperature of 10°C. We measured root, top, and total dry weight, along with number of roots after 14 d of growth. Relatively warmer and cooler soil temperatures promoted rooting for the cottonwoods and hybrids, respectively. We recommend planting after reaching a threshold of 163 belowground GDD for P. deltoides clones and planting before reaching a threshold of 173 belowground GDD for P. deltoides × P. maximowiczii clones.
Identification of Rhus succedanea L. Cultivars Using Elliptic Fourier Descriptors Based on Fruit Shape
Authors: Hiraoka Y. , Kuramoto N.
Published: November 2017

We have developed a method to identify cultivars of Rhus succedanea L. based on their fruit contour shape. For this, we collected fruits of five cultivars from three different environments (differing in site and/or year of collection) and the horizontal contour shape of each fruit was expressed by 37 elliptic Fourier descriptors, normalized in terms of size, rotation, shift and starting point of contour tracing. The first six components derived from a principal component analysis of the elliptic Fourier descriptors explained 89% of the variance. The differences among cultivars, environments and the cultivar x environment interaction were significant at the 0.01% probability level for all six principal components according to ANOVA. UPGMA cluster analysis based on the six principal components showed a high degree of clustering and most (but not all) ramets from the same cultivar clustered together. However, results of a UPGMA cluster analysis of Mahalanobis’ generalized distances among cultivars and environments, based on the 37 elliptic Fourier descriptors, showed that samples from the same cultivars clustered together, regardless of the environmental factors. We then applied a ‘similarity probability’ test, based on Mahalanobis’ generalized distances and a randomization test. The similarity probabilities between descriptors in the database and sampled fruits, when the cultivars they represented were included in the database, were >97%. In contrast, for samples representing cultivars that were not included in the database, the probabilities were <46%. These figures also apply to pairs of samples included in the database that represented the same cultivar, and different cultivars, respectively. These results suggest that it is possible to identify R. succedanea cultivars based on fruit contour shape using elliptic Fourier descriptors and similarity probability analysis.
A Comparison of Isozyme and Morphological Markers to Assess the Within Population Variation in Small Populations of European aspen (Populus tremula L.) in Spain
Authors: Lopez-De-Heredia U. , Sierra-De-Grado R. , Cristóbal M. D. , Martínez-Zurimendi P. , Pando V. , Martín M. T.
Published: November 2017

European aspen (Populus tremula L.) has been traditionally thought to establish new stands by vegetative propagation through root suckers produced by very few individuals (often only one). Morphological traits and isozyme patterns were studied in five small stands in northern Spain. Both isozyme and morphological approaches showed variation within and between stands. Estimated intrapopulational variation was higher than the expected, and clusters of individuals with the same isozyme multilocus patterns within each population have been identified. In order to check to what extent morphological markers are affected by the genotypes or clones, comparisons between leaf parameters and isozyme patterns were performed by hierarchical ANOVA and tests of hypothesis were constructed from the components of variance. Leaf shape parameters show a good correlation with the isozyme multilocus patterns. On the other hand, leaf size parameters, were more influenced by environmental factors. These traits may be useful as tools for the definition of in situ conservation units in endangered European aspen stands.
PCR-Multiplex of Six Chloroplast Microsatellites for Population Studies and Genetic Typing in Pinus sylvestris
Authors: Dzialuk A. , Burczyk J.
Published: November 2017

The major drawback of microsatellites analysis is that they are expensive to develop, labor-intensive and demand skilled personnel. However, such studies might be still simplified and accelerated by multiplexing of the markers and the use of highthroughput systems for genotyping DNA fragments. In this paper we present a single, simple and highly effective PCRmultiplex reaction composed of six chloroplast microsatellites widely used for population studies in pines but here applied to Pinus sylvestris. The reaction allows for rapid genotyping of large sample sizes.
Variation in Growth Performance of Acacia nilotica Willd. ex Del. Provenances of Wide Geographical Origin : Six Year Results
Authors: Ginwal H. S. , Mandal A. K.
Published: November 2017

Results of a provenance trial of Acacia nilotica Willd. ex Del. laid out in 1993 at Tropical Forest Research Institute Campus, Jabalpur (23°N lat., 79°E long. and 400 m altitude) Madhya Pradesh, a semi-arid region of India are reported and discussed. Nineteen provenances from India, Pakistan, Sudan, Senegal and Yemen were evaluated in the field at age three and six years. Local source of A. nilotica (S.F.R.I., Jabalpur) was used as check material for comparison. Significant differences between the provenances (P < 0.05) were observed for height, diameter at breast height (DBH), number of branches and field survival. The provenances from Gujrat (Punjab), Pakistan, ranked first for growth traits namely height, DBH and survival. The next superior provenance was from Beihan, Yemen, which scored second highest values of height and DBH and had good survival at age six years. Results indicate that genetic differences exist between the provenances of A.nilotica. None of the traits assessed (viz. height, DBH, number of branches, inter-nodal length and survival) were found to correlate with any of the geographical coordinates of the provenances (latitude, longitude and altitude). Height, DBH and number of branches showed significant and positive correlation with each other. Fair differences between phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variability were observed. Heritability values were found fairly good for height, DBH and number of branches as compared to inter-nodal length. The relative performance of these provenances was fairly consistent throughout the period of observation at three and six year. The two sources viz. Gujrat (Punjab), Pakistan and Beihan, Yemen, are recommended for plantation programme under semi-arid conditions.
Correlation and Path Analysis Studies Between Biomass and Other Characters in Bombax ceiba L.
Authors: Chaturvedi O. P. , Pandey N.
Published: November 2017

The genotypic and phenotypic correlation and path analysis of plant biomass, plant height, stem diameter and other biomass component traits were analyzed in thirty provenances of Bombax ceiba. In general, the magnitude of genotypic correlations was higher than phenotypic correlations. Stem diameter and plant biomass showed highly significant genotypic correlations with all the traits except the number of secondary branches and plant biomass with leaf biomass. Plant height had the highest positive direct effect on plant biomass followed by the number of primary branches/plant and the number of leaves/plant. On the basis of this study, a higher plant biomass would be achieved through direct selection based on plant height, the number of primary branches and the number of leaves/plant. Therefore, the study is important in selection of traits of economic importance based on other characters, whose direct effect is not visible.
Selfishness and Cooperation: Challenge for Social Life
Authors: Szocik Konrad , Lindberg Stig
Published: November 2017

Cooperation is a great challenge for natural selection. Some scholars assume that cooperation could not evolve within the framework of natural selection. It is undeniable that natural selection, at least at the individual level, favors selfishness and defectors. Nonetheless, this selfish tendency does not necessarily imply that cooperation could not evolve by means of natural selection. In this paper, we specifically acknowledge certain basic challenges for the evolution of the human ability to cooperate at the level of large groups. In this paper, we discuss topics like the human ability for “supercooperation,” the importance of repetition and reputation, and Multilevel Selection Theory as the basic mechanisms of evolution of cooperation.
Selected Ethical Issues in Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous System Development and Large Data Set Processing
Authors: Zgrzebnicki Paweł
Published: November 2017

Due to information technology development and its industrial adaptation, the dilemmas so far specific to philosophical speculations and science-fiction literature and films have become the real problems of the contemporary world. On one hand, these issues are related to an unprecedented scale on which computational algorithms are currently used as well as a level of complexity of mutual connections; on the other hand, these are linked to their autonomous behavior. States, industry, and users themselves demand formulation of understandable ethical categories and determination of transparency standards and legal norms for these algorithms’ functioning in the near future.
Artifacts and The Problem of Ethical Extensionism – Selected Issues
Authors: Holy-Luczaj Magdalena
Published: November 2017

This paper addresses the problem of extending ethical obligations toward usable things. The first part reconstructs current debates on the metaphysical and ethical status of artifacts. Next, drawing upon Tadeusz Kotarbinski’s reism, I describe artifacts as concretes, focusing on the possibility of their damage and destruction. The core part of the article analyzes ethical implications of the following issues: 1) using artifacts, 2) their production, 3) purchase and sale of artifacts, and 4) the post-use period.
Salutary Meanings of Sublimation. Selected Soteriological Threads of Alienation Criticism of Religion
Authors: Guja Jowita
Published: November 2017

The article concerns a few soteriological threads of alienation criticism of religion whose feature is the creation of a new autonomous and transgressive subject. It focused on the presentation of this subject using Nietzsche’s philosophy perceived within Freudian perspective.
Existence and Predication in Free Logics
Authors: Kubiszeski Guilherme
Published: November 2017

This paper presents a fundamental difference between negative semantics for free logics and positive ones regarding the logical relations between existence and predication. We conclude that this difference is the key to understand why negative free logics are stronger, i.e., they prove more, than positive free logics.
Adaptation in South Korean Society of North Korean Elite Defectors
Authors: Levi Nicolas
Published: November 2017

This paper aims to explain the adaptation of North Korean elite defectors who fled from North Korea. Data used for the purpose of this article came from surveys of North Korean defectors conducted in the late 2000’s. Findings of the realized research indicate that the majority of senior defectors are experiencing less psychological and material issues when adjusting to society than regular North Korean defectors. The paper will proceed in three steps: explaining the notion of defectors, outlining their background, and focusing on their adaptation in South. Although defectors as a whole has emerged as of the most research group as a minority in South Korea, the so-called senior defectors have hardly been spotlighted. Basically North Korean senior defectors are supposed to strengthen the anti-Kim movement and legitimize the power of the South Korean government and the image of South Korea abroad. What has to be enlightened upon is the fact that North Korean senior defectors partially disagree with the integration policy of South Korean authorities. A major research question emerges: How are the experience of elite defectors localized in South Korea? How do their specific identities impact their opinion within the South Korean society? The aim of the article is also to categorize senior defectors and to provide in a single document a list of senior North Korea defectors based abroad. This kind of information is only available for Korean speaking readers. I wanted to make it accessible to the Englishspeaking community.
Übergang zur modernen sorbischen Poesie
Authors: Scholze-Šołta Dietrich
Published: November 2017

The Sorbian poet Jurij Chěžka (1917–1944), who suffered an early death, composed a body of poetry of “secondary” meanings between 1936 and 1938 as a student in Bohemia, which comprised about 50 poems. In these poems he combined themes such as his mother, his homeland, his people and death with national aspects of the Slav minority in Lusatia. Faced with the threat from the Nazi regime he created a new literary reality, whilst establishing links with concepts from the Czech symbolist movement. With his modernist revolt he at the same time set up a movement towards equal standing for the second autonomous line of evolution of Sorbian literature. His innovative aesthetic heritage became an important starting point for the distinctive development of Sorbian lyric poetry in the second half of the 20th Century.
The Position of Kajkavian in the South Slavic Dialect Continuum in Light of Old Accentual Isoglosses
Authors: Kapović Mate
Published: November 2017

All South Slavic languages, from Bulgaria in the South-East to Slovenia in the North-West, are part of a dialect continuum. This paper outlines the position of what is traditionally called Kajkavian in that continuum in light of old accentual isoglosses. Kajkavian shares several old prosodic-phonological isoglosses with Slovene (such as the rise of the neocircumflex), while on the other hand it is connected with Western Štokavian and Čakavian through some morphological-categorial accentual isoglosses (like the innovative accent of the infinitive andl-participle).
Die Wortstellung des Präteritum-Auxiliars in den ältesten tschechischen Prosatexten
Authors: Kosek Pavel
Published: November 2017

The aim of the paper is to analyze word-order positions of preterite auxiliary forms (AuxP) in the Old Czech prosaic texts from the 14th and 15th centuries, e. g. in Pasionál (‘Passional’), in Život Krista Pána (‘Life of Christ the Lord’), in Životy sv. Otců (‘Life of Holy Fathers’/ ‘Vitae Patrum’) and in Tkadleček (‘The Weaver’/ A Czech version of Ackermann aus Böhmen). The aim of the paper is to detect all possible word-order positions of these auxiliary forms in analyzed texts. The analysis demonstrates that the AuxP maintains some properties of an orthothonic word in several rare cases. However, the overwhelming majority of examples give evidence that the Old Czech AuxP was an enclitic. According to the explored data it seems that the post-initial (2P) word-ordering of the Czech enclitic became established in Old Czech as a prototypical word-order pattern of Czech enclitic forms and that verb-adjacent (VA) word-ordering had a quality relating to style.
Familiale Autonomie im Kinderschutz
Authors: Marks Svenja , Sehmer Julian
Published: November 2017

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird eine Rekonstruktion einer Gefährdungseinschätzung des zuständigen Jugendamts in einem Kinderschutzfall vorgestellt. Im Sinne einer Einzelfallstudie liefert der anonymisierte Fall „Isabelle“ zugleich Erkenntnisse über die zugrundeliegende Familiendynamik im Kontext von Kindeswohlgefährdung sowie die Hilfe- bzw. Schutzplanung des zuständigen Jugendamts. Innerhalb des diagnostischen Prozesses der Gefährdungseinschätzung und Hilfeplanung erhält die Familie die Stellung des Objekts ohne Beteiligungsmöglichkeiten. Die Gefährdungseinschätzung ist personenzentriert: die Mutter wird als Täterin identifiziert, ihre soziale Mutterschaft durch Schuld und fehlende Bereitschaft zur Wiedergutmachung dekonstruiert, sodass eine vollständige Delegitimierung der Mutter erfolgt. Es deutet sich an, dass die Autonomie der Familie ein Gefährdungsmoment für die jugendamtliche Hilfeplanung bildet, sodass familiale Autonomie in der Hilfeplanung strategisch außer Kraft gesetzt wird.
‚Verdacht‘ als theoretische Reflexion und analytische Konzeption der Kinderschutzforschung
Authors: Franzheld Tobias
Published: November 2017

Im Beitrag wird der Ertrag einer verdachtsorientierten Kinderschutzforschung diskutiert und verständigungsorientierten Ansätzen gegenübergestellt. In den aktuellen Kinderschutzdiskussionen wird ein grundsätzliches Verstehen beteiligter Akteure im Feld des Kinderschutzes vorausgesetzt, ohne auf die besonderen Verständigungsbedingungen bei Verdachtsfällen und der beruflichen Arbeitsorganisation der Fachkräfte in ihrer Berufspraxis näher einzugehen. Verdachtsperspektiven hingegen reflektieren diese Verständigungsschwierigkeiten als empirisches und hermeneutisches Problem. Der Verdacht kann dabei als Scharnierbegriff betrachtet werden, der (1) alltägliche Verständigungsschwierigkeiten, (2) Verständigungsbedingungen des Kinderschutzes und (3) berufliche Verstehensleistungen unter dem Dach (4) einer Hermeneutik des Verdachts zusammenführt.
Sign patterns of J-orthogonal matrices
Authors: Hall Frank J. , Li Zhongshan , Parnass Caroline T. , Rozložník Miroslav
Published: November 2017

This paper builds upon the results in the article “G-matrices, J-orthogonal matrices, and their sign patterns", Czechoslovak Math. J. 66 (2016), 653-670, by Hall and Rozloznik. A number of further general results on the sign patterns of the J-orthogonal matrices are proved. Properties of block diagonal matrices and their sign patterns are examined. It is shown that all 4 × 4 full sign patterns allow J-orthogonality. Important tools in this analysis are Theorem 2.2 on the exchange operator and Theorem 3.2 on the characterization of J-orthogonal matrices in the paper “J-orthogonal matrices: properties and generation", SIAM Review 45 (3) (2003), 504-519, by Higham. As a result, it follows that for n ≤4 all n×n full sign patterns allow a J-orthogonal matrix as well as a G-matrix. In addition, the 3 × 3 sign patterns of the J-orthogonal matrices which have zero entries are characterized.
For the love of football?
Authors: Emrich Eike , Pierdzioch Christian , Rullang Christian
Published: November 2017

Using data for a large sample of German football referees, we studied the motives for becoming a football referee. Based on a long modelling tradition in the literature on the economics of volunteering, we studied altruistic motives (public-goods model) versus non-altruistic (egoistic private-consumption and human-capital) motives. We differentiated between self-attributed and other-attributed motives. We found that altruistic motives on average are less strong than other motives. Other-attributed altruistic motives are stronger than self-attributed altruistic motives, indicating the presence of a self-interest bias. We further found that referees who report strong altruistic motives have a higher willingness to quit refereeing when other referees would referee more matches, consistent with the public-goods model. In line with the human-capital model, altruistic motives are stronger for senior referees. Altruistic motives are also stronger for those referees who view refereeing as a volunteer activity.
Defekterkennung an spiegelnden und transparenten Oberflächen
durch Abbildung einer örtlich modulierbaren Lichtquelle
Authors: Petz Marcus , Fischer Marc , Tutsch Rainer
Published: November 2017

Die Identifizierung kleiner Oberflächendefekte sowohl an optischen
Komponenten wie Spiegeln und Linsen als auch an der
Produktästhetik dienenden hochglänzenden Oberflächen im
Konsumgüterbereich erfolgt in vielen Fällen auch heute noch
durch visuelle Sichtprüfung. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird das
Messprinzip einer kamerabasierten Defekterkennung vorgestellt, welche
ähnlich wie die klassische Deflektometrie auf der direkten
Beobachtung einer flächenhaften, örtlich modulierbaren
Lichtquelle basiert. Im Unterschied zur Deflektometrie erfasst das
vorgeschlagene Verfahren jedoch nicht die Neigung oder Krümmung
der Oberfläche, sondern wertet lokale Belichtung und Sichtbarkeit
der modulierten Lichtquelle aus, welche durch das Reflexions- und
Streuverhalten der Oberfläche beeinflusst werden. Auf diese Weise
können Defekte wie Kratzer, Schrammen, Verunreinigungen und
Einschlüsse detektiert werden, deren Abmessungen deutlich
unterhalb der Auflösung des zur Beobachtung eingesetzten
Kamerasystems liegen. Das Verfahren ist gleichermaßen in Reflexion
wie in Transmission sowie an ebenen und gekrümmten Oberflächen
anwendbar und erfordert im Unterschied zur klassischen Deflektometrie
keinerlei geometrische Einmessung der Systemkomponenten.
Imagining Hedda Gabler: Munch and Ibsen on Art and Modern Life
Authors: Gjesdal Kristin
Published: November 2017

Among Edvard Munch’s many portraits of Henrik Ibsen, the famous Norwegian dramatist and Munch’s senior by a generation, one stands out. Large in scope and with a characteristic pallet of roughly hewed gray blue, green and yellow, the sketch is given the title Geniuses. Munch’s sketch shows Ibsen, who had died a few years earlier, in the company of Socrates and Nietzsche. The picture was a working sketch for a painting commissioned by the University. While Munch, in the end, chose a different motif for his commission, it is nonetheless significant that he found it appropriate to portrait the Norwegian dramatist in the company of key European philosophers, indeed the whole span of the European philosophical tra­dition from its early beginnings to its most controversial spokesman in the late 1800s. In my article, I seek to take seriously Munch’s bold and original positioning of Ibsen in the company of philosophers. Focusing on Hedda Gabler—a play about love lost and lives unlived—I explore the aesthetic-philosophical ramifications of Ibsen’s peculiar position between realism and modernism. This position, I suggest, is also reflected in Munch’s sketches for the set design for Hermann Bahr’s 1906 production of the play.
Caryl Churchill’s Artificial and Orificial Bodies: Between Subjective and Non-Subjective Nobody’s Emotion or Affect
Authors: Kębłowska-Ławniczak Ewa
Published: November 2017

This article analyzes the shift from emotion to affect in Caryl Churchill’s writing for the theatre, a process which becomes prominent in the later seventies and culminates in the production of A Mouthful of Birds, a project designed jointly with the choreographer David Lan. The effects of the transformation remain traceable in The Skriker, a complex play taking several years to complete. It is argued that there is a tangible and logical correlation between Churchill’s dismantling of the representational apparatus associated with the tradition of institutional theatre - a process which involves, primarily, a dissolution of its artificially constructed, docile bodies into orificial ones - and her withdrawal from the use of emotional expression in favour of the affective. In the following examination, emotions are conceived as interpretative acts modelled on cognition and mediated through representations while the intensity of affect remains unstructured. Often revealed through violence, pain and suffering, affect enables the theatre to venture into the pre-cognitive and thus beyond the tradition of liberal subject formation.
Issues on word formation. The case of Latin circum
Authors: Mare María
Published: November 2017

This paper focuses on the characteristics ofcircum’s prefixation in Latin taking into account the properties of this item in different syntactic contexts and its combination with transitive and intransitive base verbs. The analysis follows a non-lexicalist framework −Distributed Morphology (Halle, Morris & Alec Marantz. 1993. Distributed morphology and the pieces of inflection. In K. Hale & S. Keyser (eds.),The view from building 20, 111–176. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), specifically Acedo-Matellán’s (Acedo-Matellán, Víctor. 2016.The morphosyntax of transitions. A case study in Latin and other languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press) approach−, which is particularly relevant to relate the prefix to its homophonic preposition and adverb. Thus, we assume that this prefix is a Root related to Place in the main structure, not a preposition or an adverb incorporated to a verbal configuration. In fact, we argue that the distinction among the prefix, the preposition and the adverb derives from the merger of the same Root √CIRCUM in different structures. Along this discussion, it is shown that circum’s prefixation has different consequences for the argument structure depending on the location of √CIRCUM in the structure: when it adds the nuance of manner, its presence does not trigger the addition of new arguments; nevertheless, when it is interpreted with reference to final location, unexpected accusative objects frequently appear with the prefixed verb. We argue that these unexpected objects do not end up showing accusative case because ofcircum’s case assignment, but because of the DP position in the main structure. For that reason, the DPs involved in the structure of the prefixed verb behave like any other argumental DP and they are subject to the same syntactic operations (ellipsis, demotion, and so on).
Caffeoylquinic acid enhances proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells
Authors: Yanqin Ying , Shaohua Chen , Jing Tang , Nan Li
Published: November 2017

This report evaluates the protective effect of caffeoylquinic acid (CA) injury to oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) by promoting the formation of oligodendrocytes. Neonatal rat brain was used to isolate primary OPCs and non-lethal CoCl2 was used to induce hypoxic stress to inhibit the differentiation of OPCs. Differentiation of OPCs was estimated by survival assay and the expressions of myelin-basic-protein (MBP). Moreover, the effect of CA on the Akt signanling pathway was also estimated in the presence and absence of LY294002 (PI3K/Akt inhibitor) and adrenomedullin (AM) receptor antagonist (AM22-52) by using western blot assay. It was observed that CA enhances the differentiation OPCs in CoCl2 induced hypoxic stress condition. However treatment with CA in presence of LY294002 and AM22-52 was not able to enhance the differentiation of OPCs. Moreover treatment with CA significantly enhances the phosphorylation of Akt and presence of LY294002 and AM22-52 inhibits it. This report concludes that CA effectively attenuates the injury of white matter (OPCs) by enhancing the differentiation of OPCs. It enhances the formation of oligodendrocytes by activating AM receptor and thereby accelerates the regeneration of neuron in pathological condition.
PERCEPTION OF THE ŁÓDŹ INDUSTRIAL ARCHITECTURE ROUTE BY ITS INHABITANTS: AN EXAMPLE OF SOCIAL PARTICIPATION IN TOURISM RESEARCH
Authors: Jaśkiewicz Anna
Published: November 2017

Łódź as a post-industrial city has great potential for post-industrial tourism. An attempt to utilise this has been the creation of the Łódź Industrial Architecture Trail, bringing together buildings related to its industrial past. According to the author, to make the trail a tourist attraction, the first people who should be aware of its value are the city’s inhabitants. The survey confirmed the very important role of social participation in creating the image of a city, and providing the basis for further work on its improvement and promotion. The article does not cover social participation as part of the process of development, but can serve as a contribution to a discussion of the role of a city’s inhabitants in shaping its tourism attractions. At the same time, the article confirms that social participation is an extremely important element of tourism research and forms an introduction to its effective use in practice.
MOTIVES AND EXPECTATIONS OF STUDENTS FROM UKRAINE WITH RESPECT TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN POLAND IN THE FIELD OF TOURISM
Authors: Kapera Izabela
Published: November 2017

The purpose of the research is to analyze the motivation and expectations of students from Ukraine with respect to higher education (HE) in the field of tourism. A survey questionnaire was created to be used by a target group in order to obtain their views. Research has shown that the main motive (60%) for studying in Poland was the desire to study and work at the same time. In reality HE students combined degree study and work in even more cases, and 58% of the work involved the tourism industry. Almost half of the students surveyed intend to remain in Poland following graduation. Those who expressed a desire to leave for other countries most often identified Spain and Germany. At the same time, most stated that they would like to work in professions associated with tourism including work in travel agencies and hotels.
ACADEMIC RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE GEOGRAPHY OF TOURISM AT THE DEPARTMENT OF REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, MARIA CURIE-SKŁODOWSKA UNIVERSITY, LUBLIN: DIDACTIC AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Skowronek Ewa , Brzezińska-Wójcik Teresa , Świeca Andrzej , Jóźwik Marta J.
Published: November 2017

The present paper is an attempt to assess academic research achievements in the field of the geography of tourism and their didactic and practical applications. The study method was a review of academic articles and archival compilations as well as materials collected in the department.
SPA SERVICES DISTRIBUTION AND SPECIALIZATION IN KUJAWSKO-POMORSKIE, POMORSKIE AND PODKARPACKIE VOIVODESHIPS COMMUNES
Authors: Stelmach Paweł
Published: November 2017

The objective of the article is to identify and explain the relationship between spa services distribution and spa specialization in Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Pomorskie and Podkarpackie Voivodeships spa communes. Correlation and regression analysis were used based on data from the Local Data Bank and unpublished data sets from the Central Statistical Office of Poland. In order to explain the relation between spa services distribution and spa specialization, time-series analysis was used. In five of nine researched communes (Horyniec-Zdrój, Solina, Ustka, Ciechocinek and Inowrocław) there is a functional relationship between spa services distribution and spa specialization.
Reproductive ecology of Aegialitis rotundifolia Roxb., A crypto-viviparous mangrove plant species in Krishna mangrove forest, Andra Pradesh
Authors: Aluri Jacob Solomon Raju , Karyamsetty Henry Jonathan
Published: November 2017

Aegialitis rotundifolia is a hermaphroditic, self-compatible species with mixed breeding system. The floral characters indicate melittophilous pollination syndrome. Field studies indicate this species is melittophilous but anemophily also occurs due to its seaward occurrence where high winds usually prevail. Autogamy and allogamy are functional, and these modes indicate a “fail-safe” strategy for reproductive assurance when con-specifics do not occur nearby. Natural fruit set rate is 55-61%. The seed produces seedling within the fruit pericarp while it is still attached to the parent plant. Seedling or seed dispersal and establishment occurs through self-planting and stranding strategies.
Backward binding as a psych effect: A binding illusion?
Authors: Temme Anne , Verhoeven Elisabeth
Published: November 2017

Bound anaphors inside subjects challenge the c-command requirement for binding. At least in some languages, experiencer-object verbs such asworryorpleaseare reported to license this type of backward dependence. In many cases, the underlying facts are based on unstable intuitions potentially influenced by intervening factors, such as accidental coreference and binding illusions. This article reports the results of an experiment on backward binding with accusative and dative experiencer-object verbs in German; in this experiment, crucial sources of variation are controlled. The results show that verb class (experiencer-object vs. agentive) has a significant effect on variable binding, both for dative and for accusative verbs. This result cannot be accounted for through accidental coreference and is not reducible to effects of sentence aspect, the latter being correlated with the distinction between experiencer-object and agentive verbs. These findings are evidence for backward binding as a genuine psych effect in German.
Sabotaging Presentations to Generate Fundamental Questions and Integrate Theory and Practice
Authors: Thiet Rachel K. , Karlan Jimmy
Published: November 2017

Many teachers who assign scientific research projects to students require them to present their research to their classmates. Although it is important for science students to develop research presentation skills, it is questionable whether class presentations are an effective learning tool for audience members. In this article, we describe a dynamic and interactive presentation exercise that can be used for either formative or summative assessment, which challenges students to share their expertise with their peers via a unique motivating structure. Students practice their presentation skills while engaging authentically in a process of developing crosscutting, interdisciplinary fundamental scientific questions that integrate scientific theory and practice. This exercise may be useful in science courses in which students are expected to critically and creatively engage in and reflect upon scientific processes and content.
Modeling Activity on Blood Filtration in the Nephron
Authors: Yun Sun Mi , Lee Shinyoung , Kim Heui-Baik
Published: November 2017

Students have little opportunity to observe or experiment with blood filtration in the nephron. Thus, we have developed a modeling activity on the blood filtration in the nephron for middle school students. The students present their mental models of the principles of blood filtration in small groups. They then participate in a hands-on activity to conduct the blood filtration process using a syringe filter, then revising their initial models based on the activity and data analysis. Through this modeling activity, the students can build their knowledge about the excretion principle.