bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IOL Calculation in Vitreoretinal Pathology and Surgery
Authors: Aramberri Jaime
Published: July 2024

Intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation is frequently performed in the context of retinal pathology and concomitant vitreoretinal surgery. The precision of the regular biometric measurements and calculation formulas can be affected unless the surgeon avoids the different sources of error. In this chapter, the biometry of the eye with retinal pathology is described exposing the most relevant causes of an incorrect measurement and the ways to avoid or correct them. Previously, vitrectomized eyes, especially filled with silicone oil, were more prone to error, and both the measurements and the refractive target have to adapt to the particularity of the eye. Phacovitrectomy has become a routine surgery with increasing demands in refractive outcomes which forces the surgeon to perform a precise calculation with the latest formulas.
Neue Auflage der Paris-Klassifikation 2022: Was ist neu?
Authors: Vlajnic Tatjana , Bubendorf Lukas
Published: July 2024

Als ein international anerkanntes Befundungssystem hat die Paris-Klassifikation einen globalen Durchbruch in der Standardisierung der Diagnosen in der Urinzytologie erzielt. Basierend auf Erfahrungen der letzten Jahre seit der Erstveröffentlichung werden in der Neuauflage die diagnostischen Kriterien präzisiert und differentialdiagnostische Schwierigkeiten ausführlicher diskutiert. Während der Nachweis eines high-grade Urothelkarzinoms nach wie vor im Vordergrund steht, werden auch weitere Aspekte der Urinzytologie, u. a. die Zytologie des oberen Harntrakts, und die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen thematisiert. Neu werden die low-grade urothelialen Neoplasien nicht mehr als eigenständige Kategorie aufgeführt, sondern in die Kategorie „negativ für high-grade Urothelkarzinom“ (NGHUC) eingeordnet. Die Paris-Klassifikation ist eine wichtige Grundlage für die Abschätzung des Malignitätsrisikos und das weitere klinische Vorgehen.
Drug-related emergency department visits: external validation of an assessment tool in a general emergency department population
Authors: Nymoen Lisbeth D. , Pettersen Julie L. S. , Flatebø Trude. E. , Øie Erik , Viktil Kirsten K.
Published: July 2024

Background

The process of identifying drug-related hospitalisations is subjective and time-consuming. Assessment tool for identifying hospital admissions related to medications (AT-HARM10) was developed to simplify and objectify this process. AT-HARM10 has not previously been externally validated, thus the predictive precision of the tool is uncertain.

Aim

To externally validate AT-HARM10 in adult patients admitted to the emergency department (ED).

Method

This retrospective cross-sectional study investigated 402 patients admitted to the ED, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway. A trained 5th-year pharmacy student used AT-HARM10 to assess all patients and to classify their ED visits as possibly or unlikely drug-related. Assessment of the same patients by an interdisciplinary expert panel acted as the gold standard. The external validation was conducted by comparing AT-HARM10 classifications with the gold standard.

Results

According to AT-HARM10 assessments, 169 (42%) patients had a possible drug-related ED visit. Calculated sensitivity and specificity values were 95% and 71%, respectively. Further, positive and negative predictive values were 46% and 98%, respectively. Adverse effects/over-treatment and suboptimal treatment were the issues most frequently overestimated by AT-HARM10 compared with the gold standard.

Conclusion

AT-HARM10 identifies drug-related ED visits with high sensitivity. However, the low positive predictive value indicates that further review of ED visits classified as possible drug-related by AT-HARM10 is necessary. AT-HARM10 can serve as a useful first-step screening that efficiently identifies unlikely drug-related ED visits, thus only a smaller proportion of the patients need to be reviewed by an interdisciplinary expert panel.
Assessing lung consolidation in goats using different ultrasonographic techniques
Authors: Borriello Giuliano , Valentini Flaminia , Cagnotti Giulia , Capucchio Maria Teresa , Ferrini Sara , Zoppi Simona , D’Angelo Antonio , Bellino Claudio
Published: July 2024

Goats are often affected by respiratory diseases and, despite ultrasonography can assess lung consolidations in several species, it is rarely used in these animals. So, this study evaluated the effectiveness of on-farm lung ultrasonography in detecting lung consolidations on 27 goats. The goats, scheduled for slaughter, underwent complete clinical examinations and lung ultrasonography. For the latter, both sides of the thorax were divided in four quadrants and examined using convex and linear probes before and after shaving the hair. Each quadrant was classified based on presence/absence of lung consolidation and maximum consolidation’s depth (4-point scale: 0 healthy; 1 depth < 1 cm; 2 depth < 3 cm; 3 depth > 3 cm). The lungs were examined at necropsy, 66% of goats exhibited lung consolidations and sensitivity (83%-89%), specificity (100%), and κ coefficient values (0.67–0.72) were high with all techniques. An higher (p ≤ 0.01) percentage of class 1 lesions were found at necropsy compared to all the ultrasonographic techniques. All the ultrasonographic techniques effectively detected lung consolidation deeper than 1 cm. So, ultrasonography seems an effective tool for lung examination in goats with chronic pneumonia. The examination using the linear or the convex probes without shaving the hair could be a promising tool for the on-field diagnosis of pneumonia, although further research on larger sample sizes are necessary to validate these findings.
Nonspecific stress biomarkers for mortality prediction in older emergency department patients presenting with falls: a prospective multicenter observational study
Authors: Terhalle Lukas , Arntz Laura , Hoffmann Felix , Arnold Isabelle , Hafner Livia , Picking-Pitasch Laurentia , Zuppinger Joanna , Delport Lehnen Karen , Leuppi Jörg , Somasundaram Rajan , Nickel Christian H. , Bingisser Roland
Published: July 2024

Background

Older patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) after falling are increasingly prevalent. Falls are associated with functional decline and death. Biomarkers predicting short-term mortality might facilitate decisions regarding resource allocation and disposition. D-dimer levels are used to rule out thromboembolic disease, while copeptin and adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) may be used as measures of the patient`s stress level. These nonspecific biomarkers were selected as potential predictors for mortality.

Methods

Prospective, international, multicenter, cross-sectional observation was performed in two tertiary and two regional hospitals in Germany and Switzerland. Patients aged 65 years or older presenting to the ED after a fall were enrolled. Demographic data, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and D-dimers were collected upon presentation. Copeptin and MR-proADM levels were determined from frozen samples. Primary outcome was 30-day mortality; and secondary outcomes were mortality at 90, 180, and 365 days.

Results

Five hundred and seventy-two patients were included. Median age was 83 [IQR 78, 89] years, 236 (67.7%) were female. Mortality overall was 3.1% (30 d), 5.4% (90 d), 7.5% (180 d), and 13.8% (365 d), respectively. Non-survivors were older, had a lower ADL index and higher levels of all three biomarkers. Elevated levels of MR-proADM and D-dimer were associated with higher risk of mortality. MR-proADM and D-dimer showed high sensitivity and low negative likelihood ratio regarding short-term mortality, whereas copeptin did not.

Conclusion

D-dimer and MR-proADM levels might be useful as prognostic markers in older patients presenting to the ED after a fall, by identifying patients at low risk of short-term mortality.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02244983.
The prognostic value of IgA anti-citrullinated protein antibodies and rheumatoid factor in an early arthritis population with a treat-to-target approach
Authors: Heutz Judith W. , Looijen Agnes E. M. , Kuijpers Jac H. S. A. M. , Schreurs Marco W. J. , van der Helm-van Mil Annette H. M. , de Jong Pascal H. P.
Published: July 2024

The mucosal origin hypothesis of rheumatoid arthritis has renewed the interest in IgA autoantibodies, but their added value over IgG anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) and IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) for modern treatment outcomes remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of IgA-ACPA and IgA-RF for treatment outcomes in an early arthritis population. IgA-ACPA/RF isotypes were measured in baseline sera from 480 inflammatory arthritis (IA) patients, who were included in the treatment in the Rotterdam Early Arthritis Cohort trial (tREACH). The tREACH trial was a multicentre, stratified, single-blinded trial with a treat-to-target approach. The prognostic value of IgA-ACPA/RF was determined by evaluating differences in (1) quick-attained (< 6 months after diagnosis) and persistent remission rates, (2) DMARD-free remission and (3) biological use between IA patients with and without IgA-ACPA/RF over 3 years of follow-up. IgA-ACPA was present in 23% of patients and overlapped with IgG-ACPA positivity in 94%. Similarly, IgA-RF overlapped with IgM-RF in 90% of patients. IgA-ACPA positivity was associated with lower DFR rates and more biological use, but this effect was largely mediated by the presence of IgG-ACPA, since this effect disappeared after stratification for IgG-ACPA (HR 0.6, 95%CI 0.2-1.6 for DFR). No differences were observed in ‘quick-attained and persistent remission’ rates and for IgA-RF. Their seems to be no additional value of IgA-ACPA and IgA-RF for modern, long-term clinical outcomes. The effects of IgA-ACPA seen in our study are largely mediated by the presence of IgG-ACPA. Based on these results, there is no rationale for measuring these isotypes in daily practice.
Having a Disposition and Making a Contribution
Authors: Johansen Marc
Published: July 2024

Dispositional accounts of various phenomena have claimed that dispositions can be intrinsically masked. In cases of intrinsic masking, something has a disposition while also having an intrinsic property that would prevent that disposition from manifesting in the face of its stimulus. This paper develops a theory of disposition ascriptions capable of recognizing such dispositions. The theory is modeled on the view that dispositions are powers. I propose that having a disposition is a matter of exerting a corresponding kind of influence. Unlike powers theories, however, the account largely falls silent on questions of fundamental metaphysics. It does not build dispositions into fundamental ontology, posit necessary connections between properties, or otherwise appeal to sui generis modality.
The association between crop diversity and children’s dietary diversity: multi-scalar and cross-national comparisons
Authors: Isbell Carina , Tobin Daniel , Thiede Brian C. , Jones Kristal , Reynolds Travis
Published: July 2024

Food insecurity is rising across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where undernourishment continues to affect a large portion of the population, particularly young children. Studies examining the associations between crop diversity and childhood nutrition have recently proliferated but are characterized by inconsistent results and two key limitations. First, many studies focus only on the household level, overlooking the prospect that more diverse crops at village and regional levels may contribute to household food security. Second, many studies pool data from multiple countries, which may obscure important context-specific aspects of nutrition outcomes. Drawing on Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 10 SSA countries, in combination with agricultural production estimates for 112 crop species, this study explores the associations between crop diversity at multiple scales (10-, 25-, and 50-kilometer radii) and children’s dietary diversity (HDDS). In addition to producing overall estimates across our sample, we measure country-specific associations to account for spatial heterogeneity. Results of the overall model show a negative association between crop diversity and dietary diversity. However, the country-specific analyses uncover extensive variability in these associations: in some cases, diversity is highly positively correlated with HDDS, while in others the estimated effect is negative or nonexistent. Our findings suggest that country-level analyses provide important nuance that may be masked in pooled analyses. Moreover, these findings foreground the importance of looking beyond household-level analyses to understand the dynamic role that local crop diversity, and its exchange across space, can play in supporting children’s dietary diversity.
Inadequacy of nutrients in children’s diets across seasons along an agricultural intensification gradient in Ethiopia
Authors: Moges Tibebu , Baudron Frédéric , Luo Hanqi , Brouwer Inge D. , Remans Roseline , Groot Jeroen C. J.
Published: July 2024

Although the production-to-consumption pathway is widely promoted to improve diet quality in developing world, its contribution to individual diet and nutrient intake remains unclear. We assessed this relationship among 377 children aged 6 to 59 months in three zones characterized by landscape diversity along an agricultural intensification gradient from the state forest of Munesa to the nearby town of Arsi Negele, Ethiopia during the two harvest seasons. A repeated interactive multiple-pass 24-h recall method was used to collect intake data. Usual intake distributions for energy, protein, iron, zinc and vitamin A were estimated using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method and compared with estimated average requirement values to determine the prevalence of inadequate intake. The usual intake of protein, zinc and vitamin A among children were inadequate and further exacerbated by seasonality. The extent of nutrient inadequacy was higher in the diverse landscape (“near to forest” zone) than in the less diverse landscape (“distant to forest” zone). However, the diverse landscape tended to provide a better buffering capacity against seasonal energy and nutrient stress than a less diverse landscape. The age of a child positively predicted usual intakes of energy, protein, iron, zinc and vitamin A along the gradient, while breastfeeding negatively predicted these intakes. Most of the food groups and nutrients consumed were derived from on-farm production, whereas fruits and vegetables were via the market. Thus, introduction of nutrient-dense crops and increasing livestock productivity are vital to enhance consumption of diverse diets and thereby nutrients among children.
Schlieren measurements of shock train flow fields in a supersonic cylindrical isolator at Mach 2
Authors: Ou Yang , Xiong Bing , Dai Yifan , Fan Xiaoqiang , Chen Shanyong , Xu Shangcheng , Yan Yuepeng , Hu Hao , Xiong Yupeng , Du Chunyang , Guan Chaoliang
Published: July 2024

In a supersonic cylindrical isolator at Mach 2, the structures and frequency characteristics of shock train flow fields were experimentally studied by the schlieren measurement method. According to the design principle of parallel light through schlieren windows in a cylindrical duct, a high-precision conformal optical window pair was designed and integratively processed before. Based on a self-built pipeline structure with conformal windows in a direct-connect wind tunnel under adjustable back-pressure conditions, the shock surfaces in a cylindrical isolator at Mach 2 were first captured by the schlieren method. Then, the schlieren photographs were corrected by a nonlinear image transformation algorithm for the restoration of real shock train structures, and the experimental results were compared with numerical simulation results quantitatively. Finally, the shock train positions were calculated by an image recognition algorithm to analyze the self-excited oscillation frequency characteristics of shock train structures. The methods and experiments in this study enriched optical observation methods of supersonic flows through non-rectangular cross-section isolators in scramjet.

Graphical abstract
Bibliometric and visual analysis in the field of two-dimensions nano black phosphorus in cancer from 2015 to 2023
Authors: Huang Jing’an , Zhang Ling , Li Boren , Lian Yuanchu , Lin Xiaoxin , Li Zonghuai , Zhang Bo , Feng Zhongwen
Published: July 2024

This study aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the status and trends of Two-Dimensional Nano Black Phosphorus (2D nano BP) in cancer research from 2015 to 2023, offering insights for future studies. To achieve this, articles from the Web of Science database published between 2015 and 2023 were analyzed using R and VOSviewer software. The analysis included 446 articles, revealing a consistent increase in publication rates, especially between 2017 and 2019. China emerged as a leader in both publication volume and international collaborations. Prominent journals in this field included ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces and Advanced Materials, while key researchers were identified as Zhang Han, Tao Wei, and Yu Xuefeng. The analysis highlighted common keywords such as drug delivery, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy, indicating the major research focuses. The findings suggest that 2D nano BP holds significant promise in cancer treatment research, with a growing global interest. This study thus serves as a valuable reference for future investigations, providing a detailed analysis of the current state and emerging trends in this promising field.
Prognostic value of oxidative phosphorylation-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Luzheng , Chen Jiacheng , Ye Fei , Chu Fengran , Rao Chaoluan , Wang Yong , Yan Yanggang , Wu Jincai
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Recently, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) has received extensive concern as an emerging target in antitumor therapy. However, the OXPHOS-involved underlying genes and clinical utilization in HCC remain worth exploring. The present research aimed to create an OXPHOS-relevant signature in HCC.

Patients and methods

In this study, the prognostic signature genes linked with OXPHOS were identified, and prognostic models were built using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) cox regression analysis. Furthermore, the combination study of immune microenvironment and signature genes looked into the involvement of immune cells in signature-based genes in HCC. Following that, chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity and immunotherapy analysis was implemented to predict clinical efficacy in HCC patients. Finally, clinical samples were collected to measure the expression of OXPHOS-related signature genes.

Results

Following a series of screens, six prognostic signature genes related with OXPHOS were identified: MRPS23, MPV17, MAPK3, IGF2BP2, CDK5, and IDH2, on which a risk model was built. The findings revealed a significant drop in the survival rate of HCC patients as their risk score increased. Meanwhile, independent prognostic study demonstrated that the risk score could accurately identify HCC patients. Immuno-microenvironmental correlation research suggested that the prognostic characteristics could serve as a reference index for both immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Finally, RT-qPCR exhibited a trend in signature gene expression that was consistent with the results.

Conclusion

In this study, a total of six prognostic genes associated with OXPHOS were selected and a prognostic model was constructed, providing an essential reference for the study of OXPHOS in HCC.
Preparation, optimization, and characterization of genistein-ginseng long-acting polymeric gel as a breast cancer treatment alternative
Authors: Abdullah Samaa , Md Shadab , Altamimi Abeer A. , Alahdal Hadil , Ali Raisuddin , Alkreathy Huda Mohammed , Karim Shahid
Published: July 2024

To address the prevalent genistein (GST) metabolism and inadequate intestinal absorption, an oral long-acting and gastric in-situ gelling gel was designed to encapsulate and localize the intestinal release of the loaded genistein-ginseng (GST-GNS) solid dispersion. Because of the high breast perfusion of GST upon oral absorption, the GST-GNS solid dispersion was developed to enhance GST's dissolution and penetration while offering a synergistic impact against breast cancer (BC). Physiochemical analysis of the GST-GNS solid dispersion, release analysis, gel characterizations, storage stability, penetration, and in vitro cytotoxicity studies were carried out. GST-GNS solid dispersion showed improved dissolution and penetration as compared to raw GST. GST-GNS solid dispersion homogenous shape particles and hydrophilic contacts were revealed by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier Transform-Infrared analysis, respectively. GST-GNS solid dispersion’s diffractogram shows the amorphous character. A second modification involved creating a gastric in-situ gelling system loaded with GST-GNS solid dispersion. This system demonstrated improved GST penetration employing the solid dispersion, as well as the localizing of the GST release at the intestinal media and antitumor synergism against BC. For a better therapeutic approach for BC, the innovative oral GST long-acting gel encasing the GST-GNS solid dispersion would be recommended.

Graphical Abstract
Aquacritical Vistula: the deep mapping of literary sources within the emerging historiography of flooding (1934)
Authors: Barcz Anna , Gromala Monika , Wacławik Paulina
Published: July 2024

This article focuses on an aquacritical reading of literary sources within the emerging historiography of flooding. In 1934 the largest flood in the history of the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939) happened. After summer torrential rains the tributaries of the main river in Poland, the Vistula River, disrupted the functioning of the centrally-managed and newly recovered state. By using a deep mapping tool for river-related discourse analysis and for historical river management approach, the authors discuss different accounts of the 1934-flood: firstly, works from the historical period (J. Kurek, K. I. Gałczyński, relevant newspapers) and secondly, a contemporary reference to 1934 and flood narrative in prose (M. Płaza). All these literary sources contain numerous renamings of the Polish flood management dictionary but have one historical feature in common: they anchor the modern militarization of language in flood narratives (the fight against the river) and the symptomatic discourse of power and control (ruling over the river). Finally, these sources led the authors to the conclusion that both the Polish experience of World War I and later subsequent armed conflicts, as well as the impact of militarized state policy left their stamp on the flood lexicon and deepened the divide between humans and disempowered rivers.
Brown trout in Oder estuary tributaries: genetic structure, stocking, and admixture
Authors: Bernaś Rafał , Wąs-Barcz Anna , Święcki Waldemar , Dębowski Piotr , Radtke Grzegorz , Tański Adam , Korzelecka-Orkisz Agata , Formicki Krzysztof
Published: July 2024

Several rivers that are tributaries of the Oder estuary are inhabited by Salmo trutta L, the most important of which are Ina, Gowienica, and Wołczenica. Both forms of the species, sea trout and resident brown trout, are present. All rivers are traditionally stocked with either sea trout from the neighboring Pomeranian river Rega basin or resident brown trout from various locations. To examine populations in these rivers in terms of genetic structure, genetic diversity, and origin, they were analyzed using 13 microsatellite loci. Relatedness was also assessed for fish stocked in the same year. The obtained genotypes were compared with breeding stocks used for stocking in Poland. The analyses revealed a significant genetic distance between adult individuals from Ina and Rega Rivers and fish caught during electrofishing. Strong kinship relationships were identified in the sampled areas, with high proportions of fish originating from stocking and their dominance in numbers over wild juveniles, primarily in smaller tributaries. Additionally, clear separation in the origin of stocked individuals was observed. Adult trout from Ina and Rega are genetically closer to northern brown trout lineages, providing crucial information for the management and biodiversity conservation of Polish Salmo trutta populations.
Reinforced robotic bean optimization algorithm for cooperative target search of unmanned aerial vehicle swarm
Authors: Li Jun , Cheng Hongwei , Wang Changjian , Zhang Panpan , Zhang Xiaoming
Published: July 2024

Increasing attention has been given to the utilization of swarm intelligent optimization algorithms to facilitate cooperative target search of unmanned aerial vehicle swarm (UAVs). However, there exist common issues associated with swarm intelligent optimization algorithms, which are low search efficiency and easy to trap in local optima. Simultaneously, the concentrated initial positioning of UAVs increase the probability of collisions between UAVs. To address these issues, this paper proposes a reinforced robotic bean optimization algorithm (RRBOA) aimed at enhancing the efficiency of UAVs for cooperative target search in unknown environments. Firstly, the algorithm employs a region segmentation exploration strategy to enhance the initialization of UAVs, ensuring a uniform distribution of UAVs to avoid collisions and the coverage capability of UAVs search. Subsequently, a neutral evolution strategy is incorporated based on the spatial distribution pattern of population, which aims to enhance cooperative search by enabling UAVs to freely explore the search space, thus improving the global exploration capability of UAVs. Finally, an adaptive Levy flight strategy is introduced to expand the search range of UAVs, enhancing the diversity of UAVs search and then preventing the UAVs search from converging to local optima. Experimental results demonstrate that RRBOA has significant advantages over other methods on nine benchmark simulations. Furthermore, the extension testing, which focuses on simulating pollution source search, confirms the effectiveness and applicability of RRBOA
‘Citizen Scientists’ on Citizen Science
Authors: Tolbert Sara , Olson Cheyanne , Haq Rehan Ul , Evans Lisa , dos Santos Ana Paula Oliveira , Franco Alice Alves , Jager Iamni , Kovač Mario , Orchard Shane , Harris Stuart , Šrajer Filip , Santos-Lang Chris , Jandrić Petar , Hayes Sarah , Jopling Michael
Published: July 2024

Citizen science, also known as participatory or community science, involves the participation of non-professionally trained individuals in scientific research. This article, part of a series of articles aiming to map and theorise the postdigital dimensions of citizen science, presents diverse narratives from individuals actively engaged in citizen science endeavors. The authors were invited to share their experiences, motivations, challenges, and opportunities in their own words. Their perspectives are organized into three categories: (1) citizen science as a mediator between professional and amateur science, (2) citizen science for diverse publics and community action, and (3) citizen science from the margins. These narratives illuminate citizen science as not just a theoretical construct, but a dynamic methodological prism, revealing the complex entanglement of the postdigital realm and citizen science through innovative sociotechnical methods and approaches. Each contribution highlights the rich possibilities and challenges arising from the intertwining of community researchers and technology in the pursuit of knowledge, meaning, and action. This tapestry of experiences invites further exploration of the evolving landscape of postdigital citizen science.
Statistical and sensitivity analysis of ultrasound signals for effective condition monitoring of electro-motors using industrial approach
Authors: Mobki Hamed , Nia Ehsan Shabahang , Azizi Aydin
Published: July 2024

This paper researches the importance of ultrasound methodology for swiftly detecting faults in electric motors and rotating machines. The primary focus of this research is on the intricate signal processing of ultrasound signals from both faulty and fault-free electro-motors. The principal goal is to conduct a comprehensive statistical investigation into signal factors, examining the effects of defect progression on the factors associated with continuously operating faulty electro-motors. In addition to the statistical analysis, this study explores the envelope-frequency spectrum of the signal under both healthy and defective conditions, employing the envelope method alongside Hilbert transformation. The objective is to thoroughly scrutinize the dynamic changes in ultrasound waveform and envelope spectrum of defective states, considering diverse degrees of defect severity over an extended time span. Moreover, the paper meticulously tracks the trajectory of factor changes over a 40-day operational period of a defective electro-motor. Additionally, the study delves into the sensitivity of the ultrasound method to impulse-wise shocks, which are recurrently observed in ultrasound signals, leading to deviations in certain signal factors from their established healthy thresholds. In response to this challenge, this paper conducts a particular analysis of signal factor sensitivity to impulse-wise noises, identifying robust factors that serve as reliable tools for firm condition monitoring. These identified factors are then presented as invaluable contributors to ensuring the precision and reliability of condition monitoring, especially in the presence of disruptive impulse-wise noises.
Intelligent Conceptual Design of Railway Bridge Based on Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Bai Huajun , Yu Hong , Yao Hongxi , Chen Ling , Gui Hao
Published: July 2024

In the conceptual design stage of railway bridge, the beam type of the bridge at the main control point must be modified repeatedly to satisfy varying requirements. Thus, the demand for design efficiency is high. However, railway bridge design relies heavily on professional knowledge and experience and is typically completed manually by senior designers, thereby requiring considerable time. An intelligent beam type recommendation algorithm named AutoDis Graph Ontology Attention Matching (AGOAM) is proposed to rapidly generate bridge design plans for railway route main control points. This method acquires the node embeddings of the main control point and beam type attribute graphs through graph neural networks (GNNs) and predicts the score of each beam type through graph matching technology. The beam type with the highest prediction score is recommended. In addition, the accuracy of the recommendation results is improved through ontology-enhanced attribute interaction and attention mechanism-based graph pooling. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated with a real-world railway bridge design dataset, and ablation study is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the ontology-enhanced attribute interaction and attention mechanism-based graph pooling.
An Improved Equilibrium Optimizer for Solving Multi-quay Berth Allocation Problem
Authors: Luo Qifang , Song Panpan , Zhou Yongquan
Published: July 2024

The multi-quay berth allocation problem (MQBAP) is an important problem in the planning of seaside operations (POSO) to find the best berthing solution for all the vessels. In this paper, an efficient method based on equilibrium optimizer (EO) is proposed for MQBAP. The dynamic multi-swarm strategy (DMS) is proposed to improve rapid decline problem in population diversity during the iterative process of EO, which is subsequently applied to MQBAP. In this paper, a certain improvement is also made on the original model of MQBAP by proposing an alternate quay selection mechanism, which aims to make the MQBAP model more complete. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on MQBAP, this paper uses six test cases and seven comparative algorithms to verify it comprehensively from total service cost, berthing time, and berthing location. The results show that DEO achieved the smallest total service costs of 7584 and 19,889 on medium-scale, and 44,998, 38,899, and 57,626 on large-scale systems.
Spatiotemporal variability of rainfall and drought characterization in Kaduna, Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar M. L. , Abdussalam A. F. , Ahmed M. S. , Wada A. I.
Published: July 2024

Rainfall variability and drought events can affect food security globally. This study aimed to assess the spatial and temporal trends and variability of rainfall in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Gridded rainfall data were obtained from the Climate Research Unit (CRU_TS 4.07) (1952–2022) for Birnin Gwari, Kaduna, Kafanchan and Zaria towns. The rainfall data were subjected to the Anderson‒Darling normality test and found to be normally distributed. The data were analysed using the coefficient of variation (CV), rainfall anomaly index (RAI) and precipitation concentration index (PCI). The trend was assessed using the Mann‒Kendall trend test, and finally, meteorological drought was computed using the standardized precipitation index (SPI). The results revealed that all four locations had low to moderate variability, with CVs < 15%. The rainfall anomaly index revealed that 1983 was the driest year for Birnin Gwari, Kaduna and Kafanchan, with RAI values of − 4.863, − 4.474 and − 4.316, respectively, while in Zaria, the driest year was 1974, with a RAI value of − 4.065. The PCI showed that there was a high concentration of rainfall in Birnin Gwari, Kaduna, and Kafanchan. However, Zaria experienced 41 years of high concentrations and 30 years of very high concentrations of precipitation. The Mann‒Kendall trend test revealed that all four locations experienced a significant downward trend in rainfall within the study period. The Z statistics for Birnin Gwari, Kaduna, Kafanchan and Zaria were − 1.112, − 0.357, − 0.556 and − 0.764, respectively, all indicating decreasing rainfall amounts. Finally, the SPI Birnin Gwari and Kaduna experienced 18 months of severe drought, with maximum intensities of − 2.671 and − 3.111, respectively. Kafanchan experienced 25 months of drought with a maximum intensity of − 2.643, while Zaria experienced 30 months of drought with a maximum intensity of − 3.069. These severe droughts occurred from the 1970s to the 1990s. The study concluded that rainfall concentrations were mostly high and very high, and severe, catastrophic drought events occurred in the 1970s and 1980s.
Academia, Activism, and Popular Consciousness: A Response to Freedom Inc.
Authors: Jani Pranav
Published: July 2024

Mukti Mangharam’s Freedom Inc.: Gendered Capitalism in New Indian Literature and Culture, conducts a though investigation into the culture and ideology of neoliberal capitalism being produced in India today. But Mangharam’s approach is not to dismiss but to take seriously the appeal of individualism and entrepreneurism among its target audience: ordinary people looking for a way out of the material crises that neoliberalism has produced. In this response to Freedom Inc., Pranav Jani recognizes the empathetic and democratic impulse in Mangharam’s method and narrative style and finds a parallel in his own work as a scholar and organizer. How can scholars and activists concerned with the voice of the people recognize the fundamental heterogeneity of popular consciousness, neither romanticizing struggle nor foreclosing the possibility of reform, or even revolutionary change?
From the Editor
Authors: Lempert Richard
Published: July 2024

At one time the Law and Society Association might have been loosely defined as “a group of people who subscribe to the Law & Society Review” Today the Review is properly described as the journal of the Association, for the Association has developed into a true fellowship of scholars, and publishing the Review is only one of the Association's activities. For more than a decade the Association was governed by a Board of Trustees that chose its own leaders and successors. Today the trustees and the president are elected by the membership at large. Early trustees meetings were often “piggybacked” onto meetings of the AALS or APSA—meetings that a substantial proportion of trustees were likely to attend in any event—and it was a triumph of intellectual interchange if some other social science association could be persuaded to add to its annual meeting a panel or two devoted to “Law and . …” Today the Association's trustees and president are elected by its members, and the Association holds well-attended annual meetings filled with more interesting research panels than any one person can accommodate. In addition, the Association supports an active executive office that regularly publishes a newsletter and participates with other social science associations in explaining the business of social science to the public and in seeking the support needed for the important work we do. All of this reflects the fact that for an increasing number of scholars the Law and Society Association has become a primary rather than secondary discipline affiliation.
From the Editor
Authors: Diamond Shari S.
Published: July 2024

The articles in this issue of the Review offer some unusual insights about the costs, obstacles, and opportunities encountered in sociolegal research. Sociolegal scholarship recognizes and regularly attempts to remove the blinders from doctrinal legal analysis, but it often neglects the blinders that arise from the familiar analytic approaches of its own traditions. Traditional doctrinal legal analysis is criticized for relying on untested assumptions about human behavior, equating law on the books with law in action, and attending only to the public face of law. But there are also limitations in the methodological approaches used in standard empirical analysis, and they too can profoundly distort our images of sociolegal phenomena. The articles in this issue show how careful and skeptical analysis of imperfect data can reduce these distortions and increase our knowledge about legal phenomena.
From the Editor
Authors: Diamond Shari S.
Published: July 2024

As I begin this second volume as editor of the Review, I want to note with appreciation the crucial role played by reviewers of manuscripts for the Law & Society Review. I have been delighted to find that reviewers generally provide detailed and instructive evaluations of content and analysis. Even when a reviewer finds a manuscript unsuitable for publication, the evaluation almost always provides useful advice on how the author can approach the research question in future work. (There are exceptions: a reviewer whose only response was “too simplistic”) As a result of the expertise and impressive investment of time contributed by these anonymous reviewers, nearly every submission published in the Review is improved by the review process.
Beta-glucan intake with energy and carbohydrate restricted meals: impact on subjective appetite and gastrointestinal appetite hormones in overweight adults
Authors: Baobid N. , Khodova V. , Clak M. , Albalji M. , Edwards C.A , Malkova D.
Published: July 2024

Energy restriction is commonly used as body weight-loss interventions (1). However, it modifies secretion of gastrointestinal appetite hormones, which might be expected to upregulate appetite and thus impair the ability to comply with prescribed intervention(1). Supplementation with soluble fibre may potentially counteract this matter (2). This study aimed to investigate whether addition of β- glucan to energy and carbohydrate-restricted meals impacts postprandial responses of gastrointestinal appetite hormones and subjective appetite in overweight adults.

Twenty-three sedentary individuals living with overweight or obesity (age: 36 ± 8.5 years, BMI: 31.12 ± 4.04 kg/m2) participated in a double-blind randomised crossover study with two experimental arms, each lasting over two days. On day 1, participants consumed Counterweight PRO800 meal replacement shakes/soups for breakfast and dinner at home, each providing ~200 kcal and a carbohydrate-restricted lunch providing 35% of their habitual energy intake. On day 2, participants attended the metabolic investigation room where they consumed the same breakfast and lunch as on day 1. On both days, each meal was taken with either 3g β-glucan (Oat Well) or cellulose (Comprecel) as placebo. On Day 2, fasting and postprandial appetite scores were recorded, and fasting and postprandial blood samples were obtained for the measurements of plasma concentration of acylated ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1. The study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05981404.

Two-way ANOVA showed that the postprandial concentrations of acylated ghrelin (β-glucan arm, 383 ± 23 pg/ml; placebo arm, 428 ± 23 pg/ml, P=0.02, treatment effect) and composite appetite scores (P=0.003, treatment effect) were significantly lower and PYY concentrations (β-glucan arm, 132 ± 5 pg/ml; Placebo arm, 110 ± 4 pg/ml, P= 0.003, treatment effect) significantly higher in the β- glucan arm than in the Placebo arm. The concentrations of GLP-1 were not different between arms (β-glucan arm, 29 ± 1 pM; placebo arm, 28 ± 0.9 pM, P=0.36, treatment effect).

The obtained data suggests that consuming β -glucan with energy and carbohydrate-restricted meals can be expected to attenuate reduction in satiety and diminish increase in hunger. Therefore, supplementation with β-glucan during energy restriction intervention applied to body weight loss might lead to improve compliance and reduce discomfort of negative energy balance.
Tissue-resident memory T cells break tolerance to renal autoantigens and orchestrate immune-mediated nephritis
Authors: Arnold Frederic , Kupferschmid Laurence , Weissenborn Philipp , Heldmann Lukas , Hummel Jonas F. , Zareba Paulina , Sagar  , Rogg Manuel , Schell Christoph , Tanriver Yakup
Published: July 2024

Immune-mediated nephritis is a leading cause of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. While the role of B cells and antibodies has been extensively investigated in the past, the advent of immune-checkpoint inhibitors has led to a reappraisal of the role of T cells in renal immunology. However, it remains elusive how T cells with specificity for renal autoantigens are activated and participate in immune-mediated nephritis. Here, we followed the fate and function of pathogen-activated autoreactive CD8 T cells that are specific for a renal autoantigen. We demonstrate that recently activated splenic CD8 T cells developed a hybrid phenotype in the context of renal autoantigen cross-presentation, combining hallmarks of activation and T cell dysfunction. While circulating memory T cells rapidly disappeared, tissue-resident memory T cells emerged and persisted within the kidney, orchestrating immune-mediated nephritis. Notably, T cells infiltrating kidneys of patients with interstitial nephritis also expressed key markers of tissue residency. This study unveils how a tissue-specific immune response can dissociate from its systemic counterpart driving a compartmentalized immune response in the kidneys of mice and man. Consequently, targeting tissue-resident memory T cells emerges as a promising strategy to control immune-mediated kidney disease.
ezSingleCell: an integrated one-stop single-cell and spatial omics analysis platform for bench scientists
Authors: Sethi Raman , Ang Kok Siong , Li Mengwei , Long Yahui , Ling Jingjing , Chen Jinmiao
Published: July 2024

ezSingleCell is an interactive and easy-to-use application for analysing various single-cell and spatial omics data types without requiring prior programing knowledge. It combines the best-performing publicly available methods for in-depth data analysis, integration, and interactive data visualization. ezSingleCell consists of five modules, each designed to be a comprehensive workflow for one data type or task. In addition, ezSingleCell allows crosstalk between different modules within a unified interface. Acceptable input data can be in a variety of formats while the output consists of publication ready figures and tables. In-depth manuals and video tutorials are available to guide users on the analysis workflows and parameter adjustments to suit their study aims. ezSingleCell’s streamlined interface can analyse a standard scRNA-seq dataset of 3000 cells in less than five minutes. ezSingleCell is available in two forms: an installation-free web application (https://immunesinglecell.org/ezsc/) or a software package with a shinyApp interface (https://github.com/JinmiaoChenLab/ezSingleCell2) for offline analysis.
Recreating the biological steps of viral infection on a cell-free bioelectronic platform to profile viral variants of concern
Authors: Chao Zhongmou , Selivanovitch Ekaterina , Kallitsis Konstantinos , Lu Zixuan , Pachaury Ambika , Owens Róisín , Daniel Susan
Published: July 2024

Viral mutations frequently outpace technologies used to detect harmful variants. Given the continual emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, platforms that can identify the presence of a virus and its propensity for infection are needed. Our electronic biomembrane sensing platform recreates distinct SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry pathways and reports the progression of entry as electrical signals. We focus on two necessary entry processes mediated by the viral Spike protein: virus binding and membrane fusion, which can be distinguished electrically. We find that closely related variants of concern exhibit distinct fusion signatures that correlate with trends in cell-based infectivity assays, allowing us to report quantitative differences in their fusion characteristics and hence their infectivity potentials. We use SARS-CoV-2 as our prototype, but we anticipate that this platform can extend to other enveloped viruses and cell lines to quantifiably assess virus entry.
Environmental damping and vibrational coupling of confined fluids within isolated carbon nanotubes
Authors: Tu Yu-Ming , Kuehne Matthias , Misra Rahul Prasanna , Ritt Cody L. , Oliaei Hananeh , Faucher Samuel , Li Haokun , Xu Xintong , Penn Aubrey , Yang Sungyun , Yang Jing Fan , Sendgikoski Kyle , Chakraverty Joshika , Cumings John , Majumdar Arun , Aluru Narayana R. , Hachtel Jordan A. , Blankschtein Daniel , Strano Michael S.
Published: July 2024

Because of their large surface areas, nanotubes and nanowires demonstrate exquisite mechanical coupling to their surroundings, promising advanced sensors and nanomechanical devices. However, this environmental sensitivity has resulted in several ambiguous observations of vibrational coupling across various experiments. Herein, we demonstrate a temperature-dependent Radial Breathing Mode (RBM) frequency in free-standing, electron-diffraction-assigned Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (DWNTs) that shows an unexpected and thermally reversible frequency downshift of 10 to 15%, for systems isolated in vacuum. An analysis based on a harmonic oscillator model assigns the distinctive frequency cusp, produced over 93 scans of 3 distinct DWNTs, along with the hyperbolic trajectory, to a reversible increase in damping from graphitic ribbons on the exterior surface. Strain-dependent coupling from self-tensioned, suspended DWNTs maintains the ratio of spring-to-damping frequencies, producing a stable saturation of RBM in the low-tension limit. In contrast, when the interior of DWNTs is subjected to a water-filling process, the RBM thermal trajectory is altered to that of a Langmuir isobar and elliptical trajectories, allowing measurement of the enthalpy of confined fluid phase change. These mechanisms and quantitative theory provide new insights into the environmental coupling of nanomechanical systems and the implications for devices and nanofluidic conduits.