bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perilaku Mahasiswa Mengonsumsi Sugar Sweetened Beverage (SSB) Selama Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Elkarima Edna , Abihail Chrysoprase Thasya , Priambudi Dicky Andhyka , Mahmudiono Trias , Megatsari Hario , Indriani Diah , Pratama Gunawan Yoga
Published: June 2023

Latar Belakang: Perkembangan industri 4.0 memberikan kemudahan untuk mengakses segala hal salah satunya adalah makanan dan minuman. Aplikasi pesan antar makanan secara daring merupakan platform yang sering digunakan saat ini pada kalangan mahasiswa. Pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan perubahan perilaku pembelian melalui jasa secara online order terutama dengan adanya kebijakan pembatasan aktivitas masyarakat. Minuman kekinian seperti boba, beberapa jenis teh, dan kopi merupakan minuman yang sering dipesan secara online. Jika dikonsumsi dalam jangka waktu lama dan sering dapat menyebabkan peningkatan indeks massa tubuh, obesitas, dan pada akhirnya meningkatkan risiko penyakit tidak menular.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak perkembangan online order terhadap perilaku konsumsi sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) selama pandemi COVID-19 pada mahasiswa di Kota Surabaya, Indonesia.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan menggunakan desain penelitian Mixed Method yaitu melalui studi kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional dan studi kualitatif melalui kegiatan Focus Group Discussion (FGD).
Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil uji deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa teh merupakan jenis SSB yang paling sering dibeli (harian) melalui online order (12,95%). Adanya diskon sangat berpengaruh terhadap alasan responden dalam melakukan pemesanan secara online (68,4%). Melalui FGD, sebagian besar responden menganggap promo menjadi pendorong terbesar untuk memesan makanan secara online.
Kesimpulan: Saat ini, minuman kekinian sebagian besar termasuk dalam kategori SSB. Konsumsi SSB dengan frekuensi berulang dalam jangka panjang akan berdampak pada status gizi. Diperlukan kebijakan pemerintah dan pihak terkait untuk meminimalisasi dampak kebiasaan konsumsi SSB terlebih dengan kondisi pandemi seperti saat ini.
Alkaloid, Protein, Dietary Fiber Content, and Acceptability of Lacto Cookies Substituted with Banana Blossom (Musa Paradisiaca Linn.) and Fish Flour (Rasbora Argyrotaenia)
Authors: Nopriantini Nopriantini , Marudut Marudut , Purba Syah R. , Novia Devi , Waliyo Edy , Gambir Julianto
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The smooth creation of bosom milk (ASI) given to infants can emphatically affect the wholesome status of children. Breast milk production can be smooth if the hormones oxytocin and prolactin increase. Banana heart (Musa paradisiaca) contains Laktagogum, which can stimulate hormones, Oxytocin, and Prolactin, such as alkaloids, polyphenols, steroids, and flavonoids. In seluang fish (Rasbora Argyrotaenia), there are nine essential amino acids (histidine, arginine, threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, and leucine.
Objectives: This study analyzed the acceptability of five cookie formulations and alkaloids, protein, and fiber content.
Methods: This study used a completely randomized AA design (CRD) D with N5 treatments. The research subjects were 25 people for the acceptability test. Alkaloids were carried out using the UV-is spectrophotometric method, proteins using the Kjeldahl method, and fiber using the enzymatic gravimetric method.
Results: Regarding color, taste, and aroma, formula 2 (40% banana heart, 10% seluang fish) was significantly more acceptable with a mean p<0.001 (3.06±0.97). Formula 2 (40% banana heart, 10% seluang fish) in 100 grams contains 110.03 g/100 g alkaloids, 25.79% protein, and 21.06% crude fiber.
Conclusions: The most preferred formula is formula 2, with alkaloid content of 110.03 g/100 g, protein of 25.79%, and crude fiber 21.0.
Glycemic Index of Rice by Several Processing Methods
Authors: Purbowati Purbowati , Kumalasari Isti
Published: June 2023

Background: In diabetes mellitus patients, one of the efforts to control normal blood glucose levels is to eat low glycemic index foods. Rice is an Indonesian staple food that contains carbohydrates. Several methods of processing could affect the glycemic index of rice.  
Objectives: To analyze the glycemic index of rice processed by several methods.
Methods: The design used was quasi-experimental. A total of ten people with criteria of healthy, aged 19-29 years, having normal body mass index and blood glucose levels were used in this study. Subjects were given five treatments. Treatment: 1) was given glucose as a reference, 2) was given rice that was traditionally processed and just cooked, 3) was given rice that was traditionally processed and had been stored at room temperature (25°C) for 12 hours, 4) was given rice that was electronically processed and just cooked, and 5) was given rice that was processed in a modern way and had been stored for 12 hours in magic com at hot temperature. Among the treatments, there was a gap of 7 days.
Results: Traditionally processed rice has a glycemic index of 21.6, increasing to 24.7 after being stored at room temperature for 12 hours. Meanwhile, processed electronic rice has a glycemic index of 22.9 and increases to 36,4 after being stored in a rice cooker (hot temperature) for 12 hours.
Conclusions: The four rice groups processed by various methods had low glycemic index values. Rice stored for 12 hours had a higher glycemic index value than freshly cooked rice.
Pengaruh Karakteristik Wilayah dan Otonomi Perempuan terhadap Praktik Pemberian Makan Bayi dan Anak
Authors: Synthesa Putricia , Hartono Djoni
Published: June 2023

Latar Belakang: Praktik pemberian makan bayi dan anak (PMBA) yang sesuai pada anak usia 6-23 bulan sangat  penting untuk pertumbuhannya dan dapat mencegah stunting. Adanya variasi yang tinggi antar provinsi mengenai gizi menyebabkan pentingnya menganalisis berdasarkan variabel kontekstual pada level provinsi.
Tujuan: Bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh   variabel kontekstual dan variabel otonomi perempuan dan mempelajari efek perbedaan dari dua variabel tersebut terhadap PMBA pada tiga indikator utama yaitu MDD, MMF, dan MAD.
Metode: Menggunakan analisis regresi logistik multilevel dari data SDKI 2017 dengan sampel penelitian 4.923 dari Ibu berstatus kawin dan tinggal bersama pasangan  yang memiliki anak terakhir usia 6-23 bulan. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini PMBA apakah sudah sesuai rekomendasi WHO atau tidak yang nantinya dibagi dalam tiga kelompok yaitu Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF), Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD), dan Miminum Acceptable Diet (MAD). Variabel independen yaitu variabel tidak terikat pada level individu dan variabel tidak terikat (kontekstual) pada level provinsi. Selain itu juga akan dilihat pengaruh dari variabel interaksi.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel kontekstual yang berasosiasi  dengan praktik pemberian makan bayi dan anak adalah persentase penduduk miskin dan persentase fasilitas kesehatan. Sedangkan pada level individu beberapa indikator variabel otonomi dan beserta variabel umur Ibu, klasifikasi tempat tinggal, akses Ibu terhadap internet, umur anak dan pendidikan suami memiliki asosiasi terhadap PMBA pada 3 indikator yang digunakan. Variabel interaksi menunjukkan adanya efek perbedaan pengaruh variabel otonomi perempuan dan variabel kontekstual terhadap PMBA.
Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil variabel karakteristik wilayah, otonomi perempuan dan variabel interaksi di antara keduanya dapat mempengaruhi PMBA.
Faktor Determinan Panjang Badan Bayi Lahir Pendek sebagai Faktor Risiko Stunting di Jawa Barat
Authors: Judiono Judiono , Priawantiputri Witri , Indraswari Noormarina , Widawati Mutiara , Ipa Mara , Megawati Ginna , Prasetyowati Heni , Marhaeni Dewi
Published: June 2023

Latar Belakang: Bayi lahir dengan panjang badan pendek merupakan salah satu prediktor penyebab stunting.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji determinan faktor panjang badan lahir yang merupakan faktor risiko stunting di kemudian hari.
Metode: Desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional yang menggunakan data sekunder Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) tahun 2021. Populasi adalah semua rumah tangga biasa yang mewakili 33 provinsi. Sampel adalah bayi terdata pada studi SSGI 2021 di blok sensus Jawa Barat  sebanyak 7.112 bayi.  Data dikumpulkan adalah panjang badan bayi, berbagai faktor saat Ibu hamil bayi tersebut seperti usia Ibu, tempat tinggal, tingkat pendidikan Ibu, pekerjaan, kepemilikan JKN/Jamkesda, pernah mendapatkan tablet tambah darah, tempat melahirkan, penolong persalinan, kepemilikan kartu keluarga sejahtera, sosial ekonomi, dan jumlah anggota keluarga. Data dianalisis secara bivariat dan multivariat. Variabel yang memenuhi syarat dianalisis dengan  uji regresi logistik berganda dengan ingkat kemaknaan p<0,05. 
Hasil: Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan faktor mempengaruhi panjang badan anak saat lahir adalah kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan (JKN) dan penerimaan tablet tambah darah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan Ibu yang tidak memiliki jaminan kesehatan (JKN) beresiko untuk melahirkan bayi panjang badan pendek sebesar 4,526 kali.  Ibu yang pernah menerima tablet tambah darah 0,196 kali lebih kecil kemungkinannya untuk memiliki bayi panjang badan pendek dibandingkan dengan Ibu yang tidak pernah menerima tablet tambah darah.
Kesimpulan: Faktor yang mempengaruhi panjang badan lahir pendek adalah kepemilikan JKN/Jamkesmas dan penerimaan tablet tambah darah. Direkomendasikan perlu dilanjutkan intervensi gizi spesifik melalui pemberian tablet tambah darah dan juga intervensi gizi sensitif melalui program jaminan kesehatan dalam mencegah bayi lahir pendek.
Hubungan Pelatihan Penggunaan Antropometri dengan Peningkatan Kapasitas Kader dalam Mendeteksi Stuntingdi Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Wara, Kota Palopo
Authors: Kadir Eksanti , Ryadinency Resty , Djano Nur Asphina R.
Published: June 2023

Latar belakang: Stunting adalah masalah kesehatan gizi pada anak, yang terjadi sejak janin atau dari 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK) dan akan muncul saat anak berusia dua tahun.
Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan pelatihan penggunaan antropometri dengan peningkatan kapasitas kader dalam mendeteksi stunting.
Metode: Penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif observasional dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 65 orang dengan kriteria inklusi yaitu kader bersedia menjadi responden dan masih aktif menjalankan tugasnya sebagi kader posyandu. Teknik sampling purposive sampling. Data primer diperoleh dari hasil wawancara melalui kuesioner online dan wawancara secara langsung. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan menggunakan dengan uji chi-square.
Hasil: Terdapat hubungan pelatihan penggunaan antropometri terhadap keenam variabel yang diteliti yakni pengetahuan kader (p=0,001), keterampilan kader mengukur panjang badan bayi (p=0,001), keterampilan menggunakan mikrotoise (p=0,001), keterampilan kader menggunakan timbangan bayi (p=0,004), keterampilan kader menggunakan dacin (p<0,001), dan keterampilan kader menggunakan timbangan injak (p<0,001).
Kesimpulan: Pelatihan penggunaan antropometri berhubungan signifikan dengan pengetahuan kader, keterampilan kader mengukur panjang badan bayi, keterampilan kader menggunakan mikrotoise, keterampilan kader menggunakan timbangan bayi, keterampilan kader menggunakan dacin, dan keterampilan kader menggunakan timbangan injak dalam mendeteksi stunting.
Survival and risk perceptions of healthcare professionals and patients
Authors: Ferreira Carina , Abreu Teresa , Gonçalves Ricardo , Pereira José M. , Basto Mário
Published: June 2023

In order to make an informed, evidence-based decision, it is vital to recognize numbers, statistics and concepts that are apparently transparent but are not always adequately accounted for. Health professionals, patients, and others frequently misinterpret numbers, statistics and concepts in healthcare. Among the many repercussions of health literacy, appropriate decision-making and the reduction in the number of interventions and treatments stand out, resulting in an improvement in people's health and a decrease in overtreatment and health expenses. This study intends to evaluate how properly health professionals and the public, in general, comprehend and interpret some health-related numbers. To accomplish this goal, the researchers shared a questionnaire made available online in Portugal from January 2, 2019, until April 12, 2019. The final sample comprised 485 respondents; 154 physicians, 142 nurses, and 189 people from other professions. The findings suggest that there is a problem with widespread numerical illiteracy, which should not be the case, highlighting the need to improve the numerical and statistical health literacy of both health professionals and the general population. So, medical professionals and patients must thus comprehend the statistics and health-related concepts to obtain the proper consent.
Factors promoting daily usage of alcoholic substances in Ubungo District
Authors: Mugane Joshua Juma , Welwel Michael B. , Kessy Alvin A.
Published: June 2023

Topics concerning the usage of alcoholic substances have always caught the attention of different health science and social science professionals because of the tenacious growth in alcohol consumption and its effects. Due to such a fact, this study was conducted in Ubungo District in order to determine the factors that promote the daily usage of alcoholic substances. A cross-sectional research design and purposive sampling were employed to manifest data collection within a sample size of 240. The obtained data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and presented in tables, showing frequencies and percentages. The results show that alcoholic substances are daily consumed due to the availability of alcoholic centers, low/affordable price of alcoholic substances, the nature of works of people, bundles promotion and offers from friends/relatives, family history of the users, less purchasing restrictions, individual’s perception on alcoholic beverages, advertisement of the substances on media, and alcohol dependency and addiction. Finally, rescuing the alcohol addicts, the concerned authorities should set and enforce rules and restrictions concerning the sales and consumption of the substances; and provide psycho-educational programs and seminars on abandoning alcohol abuse, dependency, and addiction, so as to minimize financial bankruptcy and other social or family conflicts brought about by daily consumption/usage of alcoholic substances.
Second-generation immigrant Indian's identity formation: An intersectional study of pan-ethnicity, gender, and religion
Authors: Shafi Saheeh
Published: June 2023

This paper explores the multi-dimensional Asian American identity of immigrant Indians from their interview responses. Pan-ethnic identity of Indians in the US as Asian Americans, the Mar Thoma Church community for religious identity, and the second-generation Patel family’s union formation in terms of gender identity will be analyzed to find out the reasons behind their choice of a particular identity. Historical frameworks like Asian American movement and theoretical frameworks like identity formation theories will be used to interpret the reasons behind the choice of the identity of Indian Americans. For analyzing interview data, methodological frameworks, including thematic and statistical analysis, will be used. Results show the reasons behind their choice of different identities, including professional advantage and their future directives as part of hypotheses of Indian Americans as they merge with the American identity as part of cultural assimilation, in other cases, retain their Asian-ness beyond Americanized identity and sometimes go beyond both American, Asian identity to restate their Indian ethnicity. To conclude, the identity of Indian Americans remains evenly poised and keeps on changing due to the requirements of the ever-evolving world.
Political Elites in Disaster News: A Framing Analysis of the 2010 Mt. Merapi Eruption News in TVRI Yogyakarta
Authors: Kusumastuti Dwi Nurrahmi
Published: June 2023

The paper focuses on how a local station of Indonesian public television, i.e., TVRI Yogyakarta, framed the news about the 2010 Mt. Merapi eruption. Applying a textual analysis model developed by Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki, the paper analyses a news program of TVRI Yogyakarta called ‘Berita Yogya’ from 26th October to 14th November 2010. The study finds that TVRI Yogyakarta has emphasized news figures or the element of ‘who’ in the news, especially concerning governments and political parties’ elites. Related to this framing, TVRI Yogyakarta has frequently highlighted the topic of disaster aid, especially from the government and political parties. TVRI has accentuated the solidarity and care from government and political parties through the headlines and news about the ceremonies of handing over disaster aid from the political elites to the survivors. It shows that, instead of performing its role as a public media during the crisis of the Mt. Merapi eruption, TVRI Yogyakarta was imprisoned in the New Order ideology of TVRI as a state television.
Development of alternative air filtration materials and methods of analysis
Authors: Beckman Ivan
Published: June 2023

Development of high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters demonstrate an effort to mitigate dangerous aerosol hazards at the point of production. The nuclear power industry installs HEPA filters as a final line of containment of hazardous particles. An exploration of analytical, experimental, computational, and machine learning models is presented in this dissertation to advance the science of air filtration technology. This dissertation studies, develops, and analyzes alternative air filtration materials and methods of analysis that optimize filtration efficiency and reduce resistance to air flow. Alternative nonwoven filter materials are considered for use in HEPA filtration. A detailed review of natural and synthetic fibers is presented to compare mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of fibers to desirable characteristics for air filtration media. Digital replication of air filtration media enables coordination among experimental, analytical, machine learning, and computational air filtration models. The value of using synthetic data to train and evaluate computational and machine learning models is demonstrated through prediction of air filtration performance, and comparison to analytical results. This dissertation concludes with discussion on potential opportunities and future work needed in the continued effort to advance clean air technologies for the mitigation of a global health and safety challenge.
US Air Force Academy Gallagher and Massey ranch houses : Historic American Buildings Surveys CO-237, CO-237-A, and CO-238
Authors: Young Allison , Baxter Carey , Murphey Joseph , Feinen Karlee , Story Madison , Smith Adam
Published: June 2023

The US Congress codified the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA), the nation’s most effective cultural resources legislation to date, mostly through establishing the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The NHPA requires federal agencies to address their cultural resources, which are defined as any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object. Section 110 of the NHPA requires federal agencies to inventory and evaluate their cultural resources, and Section 106 requires them to determine the effect of federal undertakings on those potentially eligible for the NRHP. The US Air Force Academy is located at the base of the Front Range within El Paso County. The US Air Force Academy has been used for training US Air Force officers since 1954. The Gallagher Ranch House and its associated garage, erected circa 1953, and the Massey Ranch House, erected 1941, are eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. This report documents the buildings to the standards of the Historic American Buildings Survey and includes a historic context, architectural descriptions, photographs, and measured drawings. This report satisfies Sections 106 and 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 as amended and will be used by the US Air Force Academy for mitigation, allowing for the demolition of the three buildings.
Religiosity versus class existence: Indonesian Muslim middle class fashion consumption on Instagram
Authors: Apriantika Sasiana Gilar
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to see how the consumption behavior of the Muslim middle class through the digital space is within a dualistic view, namely as a religious identity or as an affirmation of class identity. This study used the Norman Fairclough Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) method by analyzing three aspects: text, discursive analysis, and social practice. The scope of this research analysis is the content (in the form of posts) tagged on the official Instagram accounts of three Muslim fashion brands that produce Islamic clothing, namely (Brand A), (Brand B), and (Brand C). The results suggest that middle class Muslim fashion is no longer just an aspect of religiosity and religious identity, but has become a class affirmation. Social media postings using Muslim fashion brands (both A, B, and C) and then tagging them on the brands’ official Instagram accounts shows a strengthening of class identity. Identifying Muslim fashion by tagging the brands that appear can confirm that they are able to consume Hijabs and Muslim clothing are not only used to identify symbols of religion or religiosity, but more as symbols of social class. The use of Muslim fashion is not enough except to show class identity.
Inclusive sports in Philippine higher education: Determining attitudes towards transgender students’ participation
Authors: Aguilar Mark Gabriel Wagan
Published: June 2023

With the increasing global awareness and recognition of transgender rights and inclusion in various fields, including sports, it is crucial to examine what sports stakeholders think about the participation of transgender people in sports competitions, especially in the Philippines where there is a lack of studies on the topic. This motivated the researcher to conduct this study. Guided by a descriptive research design and using a quantitative-qualitative research approach, this study aims to determine the attitudes towards the participation of transgender athletes in sports, starting with randomly selected athletes from Philippine Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Data were collected through a survey and structured interviews, with questions validated by experts. Findings indicate that the future of sports in Philippine colleges is likely to be inclusive, with student-athletes having positive attitudes towards the idea of allowing trans women and trans men to compete in women’s and men’s sports categories, respectively, and towards the creation of separate sports categories for trans individuals only. This study can help higher education institutions develop more inclusive and respectful athletic practices that promote diversity and equal opportunity for all students who wish to participate on athletic teams and represent their colleges or universities, regardless of gender.
Autonomous Inflow Control Valve for Medium-Light Oil and Its Effective Performance
Authors: Langaas K. , Gisholt E. , Bjerke A. , Mathiesen V.
Published: June 2023

Many horizontal oil wells will after a time start producing unwanted fluids. Autonomous inflow control valves may help to choke these unwanted fluids and consequently improve carbon efficiency. This paper publishes new experimental data describing how an autonomous inflow control valve manages medium-light oil (6 cp), water, and gas at reservoir conditions. A further objective is to evaluate how this valve might impact well performance under various conditions.

To verify the single- and multiphase flow behavior of the valve, extensive flow loop experiments were performed. Initial testing was done in a model fluid laboratory, while a more extensive test was performed at reservoir conditions (i.e., with formation water, reservoir oil, and hydrocarbon gas at the given reservoir temperature and pressure). To explore and understand the impact of this valve for various reservoir scenarios, a simple conceptual reservoir model with realistic boundary conditions was used.

At various differential pressures, the single-phase oil, water, and gas rates were measured. Performance at varying water and gas fractions was measured to get an improved understanding and knowledge of multiphase flow occurring in a well. The results show clearly that the valve will choke gas and water effectively, both at single-phase and multiphase flow conditions. The reservoir and model fluid evaluations show consistent results. The valve shows roughly a monotonic decreasing total rate with decreasing oil fraction, implying that the valve will always prioritize sections with the largest oil fraction. A mathematical model match of the valve performance is possible via the 10-parameter extended autonomous inflow control device (AICD) equation that enables practical evaluation of the valve in industry-standard reservoir simulators. Various scenarios are explored with a conceptual reservoir model, and the autonomous inflow control valve shows its capacity to reduce water production and enable a more gradual and controlled increase in gas/oil ratio for most scenarios. The autonomous inflow control valve shows its largest potential to reduce unwanted fluids and increase oil recovery when used in segmented reservoirs. In cases with uncertain aquifer and/or gas cap strength, or large variation in effective permeability, the valve will make an infill well more robust as it autonomously adapts to reality, chokes unwanted fluids, and consequently enables more carbon-efficient reservoir management.
Pipe Viscometer for Continuous Viscosity and Density Measurement of Oil Well Barrier Materials
Authors: Lima V. N. , Randeberg E. , Taheri A. , Skadsem H. J.
Published: June 2023

The barrier material is a crucial component for wells, as it provides mechanical support to the casing and prevents the uncontrolled flow of formation fluids, ensuring zonal isolation. One of the essential prerequisites for the success of cementing an oil and gas well is the efficient removal of in-situ fluids and their adequate replacement by the barrier material. The quality of the mud displacement is affected by both the density and the viscosity hierarchy among subsequent fluids. Consequently, accurate and reliable measurement of fluid properties can help ensure consistent large-scale mixing of cementing fluids and verification that the properties of the mixed fluid are according to plan. In this paper, we investigate the implementation of a pipe viscometer for future automated measurements of density and viscosity of materials for zonal isolation and perform a sequential validation of the viscometer that starts with small-scale batch mixing and characterization of particle-free calibration liquids, followed by conventional Class G cement and selected new barrier materials. Finally, a larger-scale validation of the pipe viscometer was performed by integrating it into a yard-scale batch mixer for in-line characterization of expanding Class G oilwell cement mixing. In all cases, flow curves derived from pipe viscosity measurements were compared with offline measurements using a rheometer and a conventional oilfield viscometer. After a series of measurements and comparisons, the investigated in-line measurement system proved adequate for viscosity estimation. The flow curve of the barrier materials showed results similar to measurements using a conventional viscometer, validating the proposed test configuration to continuously measure the rheological behavior of the barrier material. The pipe viscometer flow curves are generally found to be in good quantitative agreement with independent viscometer characterization of the fluids, although some of the pipe viscometer measurements likely exhibited entrance length effects. Future improvements to the pipe viscometer design involve the assessment of even longer pipe sections to allow full flow development at the highest shear rate range and possibly different pipe diameters to improve the measurement resolution of low-shear rate viscosity.
RETRACTED: Quality testing of mifepristone and misoprostol in 11 countries
Authors: Bower Jason , Chinery Lester , Fleurent Alessandra , Gülmezoglu A. Metin , Im-Amornphong Wallada , Kilfedder Catherine , Procter Petra , Tomazzini Alessandra
Published: June 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Anthraquinone-Based Silicate Covalent Organic Frameworks as Solid Electrolyte Interphase for High-Performance Lithium-Metal Batteries
Authors: Kim Yoonseob , Li Chen , Wang Dan-dong , Ho Gerald Siu Hang Poon , Zhang Zhengyang , Huang Jun , Bang Ki-Taek , Lau Chun Yin , Leu Shao-Yuan , Wang Yanming
Published: June 2023

Lithium (Li)-metal batteries (LMBs) have the highest theoretical energy density of current battery designs and thus have enormous potential for use in energy storage. However, the safety problems caused by dendrite growth and unstable interphases on the Li anode severely impede their development. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) containing either redox-active or anionic moieties on their backbones have high Li-ion (Li+) conductivities and mechanical/chemical stabilities, so are promising for solid-electrolyte interphases in LMBs. Here, we synthesized anthraquinone-based silicate COFs (AQ-Si-COFs) that contained both redox-active and anionic sites via condensation of tetrahydroxy-anthraquinone with silicon dioxide. The nine Li+ mediated charge/discharge processes enabled the AQ-Si-COF to demonstrate a Li+ conductivity of 9.8 mS cm− 1 at room temperature and a single-ion-conducting transference number of 0.92. Computational studies also supported the nine Li+ mechanism. We used AQ-Si-COF as the solid electrolyte interphase on the Li anode. The LMB cells achieved a maximum reversible capacity of 188 mAh g− 1 at 0.25 C during high-voltage operation. Moreover, this LMB cell demonstrated suppressed dendrite growth and stable cyclability, with its capacity decreasing by less than 3% over 100 cycles. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of our redox-active and anionic COFs and that they should have practical utility in LMB-based energy-storage devices.
Factorial validity and comparability of the six translations of the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire translations: Results from the CENTER-TBI study
Authors: Zeldovich Marina , Bockhop Fabian , Covic Amra , Mueller Isabelle , Polinder Suzanne , Mikolic Ana , Vlegel Marjolein van der , von Steinbuechel Nicole , investigators and the CENTER-TBI participants and
Published: June 2023

Background
Comparison of patient-reported outcomes in multilingual studies requires evidence of the equivalence of translated versions of the questionnaires. The present study examines the factorial validity and comparability of six language versions of the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) administered to individuals following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research (CENTER-TBI) study.
Methods
Six competing RPQ models were estimated using data from Dutch (n = 597), English (n = 223), Finnish (n = 213), Italian (n = 268), Norwegian (n = 263), and Spanish (n = 254) language samples recruited six months after injury. To determine whether the same latent construct was measured by the best-fitting model across languages and TBI severity groups (mild/moderate vs. severe), measurement invariance (MI) was tested using a confirmatory factor analysis framework.
Results
The results did not indicate a violation of the MI assumption. The six RPQ translations were largely comparable across languages and were able to capture the same construct across TBI severity groups. The three-factor solution comprising emotional, cognitive, and somatic factors provided the best fit with the following indices for the total sample: χ2(101) = 647.04, \({\chi }^{2}/df\)= 6.41, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.995, TLI = 0.994, RMSEA = 0.055, CI90%[0.051, 0.059], SRMR = 0.051.
Conclusion
The RPQ can be used in international research and clinical settings, allowing direct comparisons of scores across languages analyzed within the full spectrum of TBI severity. To strengthen the aggregated applicability across languages, further analyses of the utility of the response scale and comparisons between different translations of the RPQ at the item level are recommended.
A food system transformation can enhance global health, environmental conditions and social inclusion
Authors: Bodirsky Benjamin , Beier Felicitas , Humpenöder Florian , Leip Debbora , Crawford Michael , Chen David , von Jeetze Patrick , Springmann Marco , Soergel Bjoern , Nicholls Zebedee , Strefler Jessica , Lewis Jared , Heinke Jens , Müller Christoph , Karstens Kristine , Weindl Isabelle , Führlich Pascal , Mishra Abhijeet , Bacca Edna Molina , Stevanovic Miodrag , Koberle Alexandre , Wang Xiaoxi , Singh Vartika , Hunecke Claudia , Collignon Quitterie , Schreinemachers Pepijn , Dietz Simon , Kanbur Ravi , Dietrich Jan , Lotze-Campen Hermann , Popp Alexander
Published: June 2023

The current global food system has detrimental outcomes for global health, environmental conditions and social inclusion. A coherent vision of a desirable food system can guide a sustainable food system transformation and help to structure political processes and private decisions by quantifying potential benefits, facilitating debates about co-benefits and trade-offs, and identifying key measures for desirable change. Such a transformation requires integrating measures targeting human diets, livelihoods, biosphere integrity, and agricultural management.
Here, we apply a global food and land system modeling framework to quantify the impacts of 23 food system measures by 2050. Our multi-criteria assessment shows that a food system transformation can improve outcomes for health, the environment, social inclusion, and the economy. All individual measures come with trade-offs, particularly those targeting agricultural management, while few trade-offs and multiple co-benefits are linked to dietary change measures. By combining measures in packages, trade-offs can be reduced and co-benefits enhanced. We show that a sustainable food system also requires a transformation of the overall economy to stop global warming, reduce absolute poverty, and create alternative employment options. Within the context of a cross-sectoral sustainable development pathway, the food system transformation improves 14 of our 15 outcome indicators.
Ultrahigh-Conductive Covalent Organic Framework Films
Authors: Wang Rui , Lyu Hang , Ho Gerald Siu Hang Poon , Chen Huanhuan , Yuan Yufei , Bang Ki-Taek , Kim Yoonseob
Published: June 2023

Chemically inert organic networks exhibiting electrical conductivity comparable to metals can advance organic electronics, catalysis, and energy storage systems. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising materials for those applications due to their high crystallinity, porosity, and tunable functionality. However, their low conductivity has limited their practical utilization. In this study, we developed copper-coordinated-fluorinated-phthalocyanine and 2,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone-based COF (CuPc-AQ-COF) films with ultrahigh-conductivity. The COF films exhibited an electrical conductivity of 1.53 × 103 S m–1 and a Hall mobility of 6.02 × 102 cm2 V–1 s–1 at 298 K, reaching the level of metals. The films were constructed by linking phthalocyanines and anthraquinones through vapor-assisted synthesis. The high conductivity properties of the films are attributed to the molecular design of the CuPc-AQ-COFs and the generation of high-quality crystals via the vapor-assisted method. Density functional theory analysis revealed that an efficient donor–acceptor system between the copper-coordinated phthalocyanines and anthraquinones significantly promoted charge transfer. Overall, the CuPc-AQ-COF films set new records of COF conductivity and mobility and represent a significant step forward in the development of COFs for electronic, catalytic, and electrochemical applications.
Analyzing the Facial Action Units associated with genuine and fake pain caused by inferior alveolar nerve block in Syrian children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alkhouli Muaaz , Al-Nerabieah Zuhair , Dashash Mayssoon
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to investigate the association between facial action units (FAUs) and pain levels in Syrian children, focusing on both genuine and fake pain expressions. A total of 300 Syrian children aged 6-9 years participated in the study. Pain levels were assessed using a validated pain scale (FLACC), and facial expressions were analyzed using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). The children were asked to mimic their feelings after receiving a dental injection to elicit fake pain expressions. Statistical analysis, including multinomial logistic regression and chi-square tests, was conducted to determine the AUs associated with each pain level and to compare the differences between real and fake pain expressions. The results revealed significant associations between specific AUs and pain levels. For real pain expressions, the most activated AUs across different pain levels with positive coefficient values
of correlation (P-value ＜0.01) were analyzed. In contrast, for fake pain expressions, AU12 and AU38 were consistently observed to be the most activated. These findings suggest that certain AUs are uniquely associated with fake pain expressions, distinct from those observed in real pain expressions. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between boys and girls in terms of their genuine and fake pain expressions, indicating a similar pattern of AU activation (P-value ＞0.05). It was concluded that AUs 4, 6, 41, and 46 were associated with mild pain, and AUs 4, 6, 41, 46, and 11 were associated with moderate pain cases. In severe pain, AUs 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, and 43 were associated. In fake pain feelings, AU43, AU38, and AU12 were the most activated with no difference between boys and girls.
WITHDRAWN: Screening and identification of the potential diagnostic genes for Parkinson's Disease based on Machine Learning algorithm
Authors: Peng Haoran , Chen Siyuan , Wu Shaopu , Shi Xiaoxue , Ma Jianjun , Yang Hongqi , Li Xue
Published: June 2023

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the common neurodegenerative diseases, which have an increasingly morbidity rate, and the genetic markers of PD are receiving increasing attention currently.
Method: From the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we downloaded five array datasets which from the brain tissue of patients with PD and healthy people. We screened the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PD and healthy control samples while performed intersection analysis with Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA) genes. Then three machine learning algorithms were employed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, supported vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and the Random Forest (RF) analyze to selected the hub gene of PD. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of hub gene. Subsequently, the reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) experimentwas utilized to confirm the expression of hub gene based on the clinic samples. Finally, the correlations between the expression of hub gene and immune cell ratios were investigated using the CIBERSORT algorithm.
Results: Based on the GEO database, 254 overlapping genes were screened from DEG and the blue modules of WGCNA. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these candidate disease genes were associated with PD and might participated in the progression of PD through the MAPK signaling pathway. Two hub genes (EAF2 and HTR1F) were subsequently selected through machine learning algorithms, and the ROC analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) of both genes were all greater than 0.7 in the experimental datasets and validation datasets. Afterwards, the results of the RT-qPCR experiments demonstrated that the mRNA expression of EAF2 and HTR1F were lower in patients with PD, which consistent with the gene expression results in the GEO dataset. Finally, CIBERSORT analysis indicated the changes of the immune environment in PD patients, and revealed the types of immune cells associated with the expression of EAF2and HTR1F.
Conclusion: Two hub genes of PD, EAF2 and HTR1F, were identified by machine learning algorithms, which might provide a significant target for potential diagnosis and personalized treatment of PD in the future.
Sulfamic Acid Functionalized PVC: A Remarkably Efficient Heterogeneous Reusable Catalyst for the Acid-Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Zhang Rui , Liu Dan , Jiang Dabo , You Tingting , Niu Pan , Chen Quanzhou , He Kejie , Ren Litao , Xu Longjun
Published: June 2023

Sulfamic acid functionalized polyvinyl chloride catalysts (PVC-N-SO3H, N = EDA, DTA, TTA, TPA, PHA) were prepared as efficient heterogeneous solid acid catalysts via two-steps treatment processes. The prepared catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), TG thermograms/derivative thermogravimetric (TG/DTG), transmission electron microscope (TEM), elemental mappings and energy-dispersive spectroscopy analyses (STEM-EDS), and FT-IR measurements (FT-IR) as well as acid-base back-titration. The acetalization of aldehydes (ketones) and alcohols to acetal (ketal) was selected to evaluate the acid catalytic performance of PVC-N-SO3H. The results showed that PVC-EDA-SO3H exhibit excellent activity and reusability due to its highly exposed sulfonic acid sites, high surface acid density (2.28 mmol g− 1) for the conversion of aldehydes (ketones) to acetal (ketal). This new solid acid has obvious advantages in reusability and catalytic activity over traditional homogeneous concentrated sulfuric acid and heterogeneous sulfonated resin catalysts. Furthermore, PVC-EDA-SO3H exhibited an excellent catalytic performance in the synthesis of 12 acetals (ketals) as well as a good compatibility in the hydroxyalkylation of phenol with formaldehyde to bisphenol F (BPF) and the esterification reaction of oleic acid and methanol to biodiesel. More importantly, it could also be recovered easily and used repeatedly at least nine times without an obvious decrease in the activity.
The influence of new leadership styles on employee performance in an automotive industry of Indonesia
Authors: Susita Dewi , Ketut R. Sudiarditha I. , Busharmaidi Busharmaidi , Gunawan Hutajulu Immanoel , Surungan Hutajulu Richard
Published: June 2023

Organizations began adapting to remote working patterns in the early pandemic, while human resource management faces new challenges in adapting to these changes. Leadership is the key to maintaining and improving employee job performance. Therefore, this study aims to find effective new leadership styles for adapting to the new work era. The paper analyzed employee perceptions of the leadership style (transformational, servant, and empowering) and measured their effects on employee job performance in current conditions. The survey was conducted online among 387 employees who had worked for at least five years and at least two years had worked virtually in an automotive manufacturing company in Indonesia that had implemented a virtual work pattern for most of its employees. Then, the data were processed using SEM Amos 25.0. Subsequently, the results showed that employee job performance has two critical dimensions, courtesy and sportsmanship, and is positively and directly influenced by the new leadership style. This study found an effective new leadership style for virtual leadership in the automotive industry with nine dimensions: openness, orientation to problem-solving, freedom at work, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, coaching, participatory decision-making, and showing concern. The contribution of this study for organizational managers is as a soft reference for functional leadership competencies during the new work period and a new reference for leadership science in human resources management.
Status improvement in water and wastewater fixed facilities: Success and challenges of 11 Swedish water utilities as case studies
Authors: Najar Nasik , Persson Kenneth M.
Published: June 2023

Reinvestment in water and wastewater (WW) facilities is a challenge for Swedish water utilities. Nationwide, 4% of 184 organizations meet the requirements for a sustainable WW facility status according to the sustainability index (SI), the Swedish benchmark system. Eleven Swedish municipal WW organizations that had improved the status of their facilities were examined and are presented as good learning examples. Managers/strategists of nine of the organizations were interviewed in depth. Our aims were to concretize the used strategies and to clarify success factors and challenges, as well as to support WW organizations that want to improve their results. The nine surveyed organizations showed a clear desire to move toward sustainability. For example, setting aside 1% of the whole replacement value per year for reinvestment (which is embedded in the policymakers’ business plan) and the use of its own staff for construction work significantly aided the Arvika company's goals. All organizations were found to have a 10-year plan for renewal at the strategic, tactical, and operational levels. Five organizations that had made more significant progress also had more specific 3-year plans and were linked to robust economies. New investments came at the expense of reinvestments because all municipalities are expanding.
Aging and Diabetic Kidney Disease: Emerging Pathogenetic
Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
Authors: Chen Yi , Kanwar Yashpal S. , Chen Xueqin , Zhan Ming
Published: June 2023

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney
disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. With the overpowering
trend of aging, the prevalence of DKD in the elderly is progressively increasing. Genetic
factors, abnormal glucose metabolism, inflammation, mitochondrial dysregulation, and
oxidative stress all contribute to the development of DKD. Conceivably, during aging, these
pathobiological processes are likely to be intensified, and this would further exacerbate
the deterioration of renal functions in elderly patients, ultimately leading to ESRD.
Currently, the pathogenesis of DKD in the elderly is not very well-understood. This
study describes an appraisal of the relationship between diabetic nephropathy and aging
while discussing the structural and functional changes in the aged kidney, the impact of
related mechanisms on the outcome of DKD, and the latest advances in targeted therapies.