bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Derivation and validation of an epigenetic frailty risk score in population-based cohorts of older adults
Authors: Li Xiangwei , Delerue Thomas , Schöttker Ben , Holleczek Bernd , Grill Eva , Peters Annette , Waldenberger Melanie , Thorand Barbara , Brenner Hermann
Published: September 2022

DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns in peripheral blood have been shown to be associated with aging related health outcomes. We perform an epigenome-wide screening to identify CpGs related to frailty, defined by a frailty index (FI), in a large population-based cohort of older adults from Germany, the ESTHER study. Sixty-five CpGs are identified as frailty related methylation loci. Using LASSO regression, 20 CpGs are selected to derive a DNAm based algorithm for predicting frailty, the epigenetic frailty risk score (eFRS). The eFRS exhibits strong associations with frailty at baseline and after up to five-years of follow-up independently of established frailty risk factors. These associations are confirmed in another independent population-based cohort study, the KORA-Age study, conducted in older adults. In conclusion, we identify 65 CpGs as frailty-related loci, of which 20 CpGs are used to calculate the eFRS with predictive performance for frailty over long-term follow-up.
Systematic analysis of low-affinity transcription factor binding site clusters in vitro and in vivo establishes their functional relevance
Authors: Shahein Amir , López-Malo Maria , Istomin Ivan , Olson Evan J. , Cheng Shiyu , Maerkl Sebastian J.
Published: September 2022

Binding to binding site clusters has yet to be characterized in depth, and the functional relevance of low-affinity clusters remains uncertain. We characterized transcription factor binding to low-affinity clusters in vitro and found that transcription factors can bind concurrently to overlapping sites, challenging the notion of binding exclusivity. Furthermore, small clusters with binding sites an order of magnitude lower in affinity give rise to high mean occupancies at physiologically-relevant transcription factor concentrations. To assess whether the observed in vitro occupancies translate to transcriptional activation in vivo, we tested low-affinity binding site clusters in a synthetic and native gene regulatory network in S. cerevisiae. In both systems, clusters of low-affinity binding sites generated transcriptional output comparable to single or even multiple consensus sites. This systematic characterization demonstrates that clusters of low-affinity binding sites achieve substantial occupancies, and that this occupancy can drive expression in eukaryotic promoters.
Recovery of chloroplast genomes from medieval millet grains excavated from the Areni-1 cave in southern Armenia
Authors: Richards Stephen M. , Li Leiting , Breen James , Hovhannisyan Nelli , Estrada Oscar , Gasparyan Boris , Gilliham Matthew , Smith Alexia , Cooper Alan , Zhang Heng
Published: September 2022

Panicum miliaceum L. was domesticated in northern China at least 7000 years ago and was subsequentially adopted in many areas throughout Eurasia. One such locale is Areni-1 an archaeological cave site in Southern Armenia, where vast quantities archaeobotanical material were well preserved via desiccation. The rich botanical material found at Areni-1 includes P. miliaceum grains that were identified morphologically and14C dated to the medieval period (873 ± 36 CE and 1118 ± 35 CE). To investigate the demographic and evolutionary history of the Areni-1 millet, we used ancient DNA extraction, hybridization capture enrichment, and high throughput sequencing to assemble three chloroplast genomes from the medieval grains and then compared these sequences to 50 modern P. miliaceum chloroplast genomes. Overall, the chloroplast genomes contained a low amount of diversity with domesticated accessions separated by a maximum of 5 SNPs and little inference on demography could be made. However, in phylogenies the chloroplast genomes separated into two clades, similar to what has been reported for nuclear DNA from P. miliaceum. The chloroplast genomes of two wild (undomesticated) accessions of P. miliaceum contained a relatively large number of variants, 11 SNPs, not found in the domesticated accessions. These results demonstrate that P. miliaceum grains from archaeological sites can preserve DNA for at least 1000 years and serve as a genetic resource to study the domestication of this cereal crop.
Increased terrigenous input from North America to the northern Mendeleev Ridge (western Arctic Ocean) since the mid-Brunhes Event
Authors: Park Kwangkyu , Wang Rujian , Xiao Wenshen , Polyak Leonid , Cho Hyen Goo , Khim Boo-Keun
Published: September 2022

Mid-Brunhes Event (MBE) occurred at approximately 420 ka between Marine Isotope Stage 11 and 12, and is considered the most pronounced climatic shift during the last ~ 800 kyrs. On the other hand, it is unclear if the MBE was global, despite being observed in the high-latitude Northern Hemispheric cryosphere in terms of climate systems. A 5.35-m long gravity core ARC5-MA01 was obtained from the northern Mendeleev Ridge in the western Arctic Ocean to track the paleoenvironmental changes in terms of the terrigenous sedimentation in response to the glacial-interglacial climate changes across the MBE. Geochemical proxies (biogenic opal, total organic carbon, C/N ratio, carbon isotope of organic matter, and calcium carbonate) of MA01 suggest that the terrigenous input was generally higher during the interglacial periods. Based on a mineralogical examination, most of the terrigenous input was attributed to the abundance of dolomite and the increased kaolinite content from North America. In particular, most paleoceanographic proxies showed that the terrigenous input from North America was enhanced distinctly during the post-MBE interglacial periods. These results suggest that the MBE in the western Arctic Ocean was a global climatic shift closely linked to cryospheric development in North America during the middle Pleistocene.
Feasibility and sensitivity study of radiomic features in photoacoustic imaging of patient-derived xenografts
Authors: Escudero Sanchez Lorena , Brown Emma , Rundo Leonardo , Ursprung Stephan , Sala Evis , Bohndiek Sarah E. , Partarrieu Ignacio Xavier
Published: September 2022

Photoacoustic imaging is an increasingly popular method of exploring the tumour microenvironment, which can provide insight into tumour oxygenation status and potentially treatment response assessment. Currently, the measurements most commonly performed on such images are the mean and median of the pixel values of the tumour volumes of interest. We investigated expanding the set of measurements that can be extracted from these images by adding radiomic features. In particular, we found thatSkewnesswas sensitive to differences between basal and luminal patient derived xenograft cancer models with an$$\eta ^2$$η2of 0.86, and that it was robust to variations in confounding factors such as reconstruction type and wavelength. We also built discriminant models with radiomic features that were correlated with the underlying tumour model and were independent from each other. We then ranked features by their importance in the model.Skewnesswas again found to be an important feature, as were10th Percentile, Root Mean Squared, and several other texture-based features. In summary, this paper proposes a methodology to select radiomic features extracted from photoacoustic images that are robust to changes in acquisition and reconstruction parameters, and discusses features found to have discriminating power between the underlying tumour models in a pre-clinical dataset.
Multimodal combination of neuroimaging methods for localizing the epileptogenic zone in MR-negative epilepsy
Authors: Říha Pavel , Doležalová Irena , Mareček Radek , Lamoš Martin , Bartoňová Michaela , Kojan Martin , Mikl Michal , Gajdoš Martin , Vojtíšek Lubomír , Bartoň Marek , Strýček Ondřej , Pail Martin , Brázdil Milan , Rektor Ivan
Published: September 2022

The objective was to determine the optimal combination of multimodal imaging methods (IMs) for localizing the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in patients with MR-negative drug-resistant epilepsy. Data from 25 patients with MR-negative focal epilepsy (age 30 ± 10 years, 16M/9F) who underwent surgical resection of the EZ and from 110 healthy controls (age 31 ± 9 years; 56M/54F) were used to evaluate IMs based on 3T MRI, FDG-PET, HD-EEG, and SPECT. Patients with successful outcomes and/or positive histological findings were evaluated. From 38 IMs calculated per patient, 13 methods were selected by evaluating the mutual similarity of the methods and the accuracy of the EZ localization. The best results in postsurgical patients for EZ localization were found for ictal/ interictal SPECT (SISCOM), FDG-PET, arterial spin labeling (ASL), functional regional homogeneity (ReHo), gray matter volume (GMV), cortical thickness, HD electrical source imaging (ESI-HD), amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), diffusion tensor imaging, and kurtosis imaging. Combining IMs provides the method with the most accurate EZ identification in MR-negative epilepsy. The PET, SISCOM, and selected MRI-post-processing techniques are useful for EZ localization for surgical tailoring.
Sub-retinal pigment epithelium tubules in non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Fragiotta Serena , Parravano Mariacristina , Sacconi Riccardo , Costanzo Eliana , De Geronimo Daniele , Prascina Francesco , Capuano Vittorio , Souied Eric H. , Han Ian C. , Mullins Robert , Querques Giuseppe
Published: September 2022

To describe a novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) signature resembling sub-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tubules (SRT) in non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Patients suffering from non-neovascular AMD with complete medical records and multimodal imaging were retrospectively revised in three different tertiary care centers. Multimodal imaging included color fundus photograph, spectral-domain OCT (Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany), fundus autofluorescence, OCT angiography (RTVue XR Avanti, Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA). A total of 7 eyes of 7 patients with drusenoid pigment epithelium detachment (PED) were consecutively analyzed. The sub-RPE tubules appeared as ovoidal structures with a hyperreflective contour and hyporeflective interior appreciable in the sub-RPE-basal lamina (BL) space on OCT B-scan. The anatomical location of the sub-RPE formations was lying above the Bruch’s membrane in 5/7 cases (71.4%) or floating in the sub-RPE-BL space in 2/7 cases (28.6%). En-face OCTA revealed a curvilinear tubulation-like structure corresponding to SRT without flow signal. Sub-RPE tubules represent a newly identified OCT signature observed in eyes with drusenoid PED. The presumed origin may include a variant of calcified structure or alternatively activated RPE cells with some residual BL or basal laminar deposits attracted to BrM for craving oxygen.
Using a graph-based image segmentation algorithm for remote vital sign estimation and monitoring
Authors: Yang Xingyu , Zhang Zijian , Huang Yi , Zheng Yalin , Shen Yaochun
Published: September 2022

Reliable and contactless measurements of vital signs, such as respiration and heart rate, are still unmet needs in clinical and home settings. Mm-wave radar and video-based technologies are promising, but currently, the signal processing-based vital sign extraction methods are prone to body motion disruptions or illumination variations in the surrounding environment. Here we propose an image segmentation-based method to extract vital signs from the recorded video and mm-wave radar signals. The proposed method analyses time–frequency spectrograms obtained from Short-Time Fourier Transform rather than individual time-domain signals. This leads to much-improved robustness and accuracy of the heart rate and respiration rate extraction over existing methods. The experiments were conducted under pre- and post-exercise conditions and were repeated on multiple individuals. The results are evaluated by using four metrics against the gold standard contact-based measurements. Significant improvements were observed in terms of precision, accuracy, and stability. The performance was reflected by achieving an averaged Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) of 93.8% on multiple subjects. We believe that the proposed estimation method will help address the needs for the increasingly popular remote cardiovascular sensing and diagnosing posed by Covid-19.
Electron-acoustic solitary potential in nonextensive streaming plasma
Authors: Khan Khalid , Algahtani Obaid , Irfan Muhammad , Ali Amir
Published: September 2022

The linear/nonlinear propagation characteristics of electron-acoustic (EA) solitons are examined in an electron-ion (EI) plasma that contains negative superthermal (dynamical) electrons as well as positively charged ions. By employing the magnetic hydrodynamic (MHD) equations and with the aid of the reductive perturbation technique, a Korteweg-de-Vries (KdV) equation is deduced. The latter admits soliton solution suffering from the superthermal electrons and the streaming flow. The utility of the modified double Laplace decomposition method (MDLDM) leads to approximate wave solutions associated with higher-order perturbation. By imposing finite perturbation on the stationary solution, and with the aid of MDLDM, we have deduced series solution for the electron-acoustic excitations. The latter admits instability and subsequent deformation of the wave profile and can’t be noticed in the KdV theory. Numerical analysis reveals that thermal correction due to superthermal electrons reduces the dimensionless phase speed $$(\bar{U}_{ph})$$

(

U

¯

ph

)

for EA wave. Moreover, a random motion spread out the dynamical electron fluid and therefore, gives rise to $$\bar{U}_{ph}$$

U

¯

ph

. A degree enhancement in temperature of superthermal (dynamical) electrons tappers of (increase) the wave steeping and the wave dispersion, enhancing (reducing) the pulse amplitude and the spatial extension of the EA solitons. Interestingly, the approximate wave solution suffers oscillation that grows in time. Our results are important for understanding the coherent EA excitation, associated with the streaming effect of electrons in the EI plasma being relevant to the earth’s magnetosphere, the ionosphere, the laboratory facilities, etc.
Advantage of endoscopic papillectomy for ampullary tumors as an alternative treatment for pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Abe Shohei , Sakai Arata , Masuda Atsuhiro , Miki Mika , Harada Yoshiyuki , Nagao Kae , Inomata Noriko , Kohashi Shinya , Uemura Hisahiro , Masuda Shigeto , Ashina Shigeto , Gonda Masanori , Yamakawa Kohei , Tsujimae Masahiro , Yamada Yasutaka , Tanaka Takeshi , Kobayashi Takashi , Nakano Ryota , Shiomi Hideyuki , Tsugawa Daisuke , Yanagimoto Hiroaki , Ajiki Tetsuo , Kanzawa Maki , Fukumoto Takumi , Itoh Tomoo , Kodama Yuzo
Published: September 2022

Endoscopic papillectomy for early ampullary tumors is considered a minimally invasive and useful alternative to pancreatoduodenectomy; however, its indications remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify the advantages of endoscopic papillectomy by investigating the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent endoscopic papillectomy or pancreatoduodenectomy for early ampullary tumors. Patients diagnosed with early ampullary tumors (adenoma, Tis, T1a) who underwent endoscopic papillectomy or pancreatoduodenectomy between June 2008 and October 2019 were included, and their clinical outcomes were analyzed. Seventy-four patients (34 patients with adenomas and 40 patients with adenocarcinomas) were divided into two groups, namely endoscopic papillectomy (n = 43) and pancreatoduodenectomy (n = 31). The estimated 5-year overall survival rate of all early ampullary tumors was 92%. Complete resection rate was significantly lower for endoscopic papillectomy patients versus pancreatoduodenectomy patients (48.8% vs. 100%; p < 0.001). Recurrence was more common in the endoscopic papillectomy group compared to the pancreatoduodenectomy group (16.3% vs. 3.2%; p = 0.128), but all recurrences were controllable by endoscopic treatment. The median length of hospital stay for the endoscopic papillectomy group was significantly shorter compared to the endoscopic papillectomy group (11 days vs. 42 days; p < 0.001). The Comprehensive Complication Index was significantly lower in the endoscopic papillectomy group compared to the pancreatoduodenectomy group (14.8 vs 22.6%; p = 0.002). Endoscopic papillectomy for early ampullary tumors is useful and may be an alternative treatment for pancreatoduodenectomy in selected cases.
The near-field tsunami generated by the 15 January 2022 eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano and its impact on Tongatapu, Tonga
Authors: Pakoksung Kwanchai , Suppasri Anawat , Imamura Fumihiko
Published: September 2022

On 15 January 2022 at 04:15 UTC, the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) volcano in Tonga produced a massive eruption that triggered a transoceanic tsunami generated by the coupled ocean and atmospheric shock wave produced during the explosion. The tsunami first reached the coast of Tonga and eventually reached many coasts around the world. This volcano previously underwent a massive eruption in 1100 AD, and an eruption occurs approximately every 1000 years. The 2022 HTHH event provides an opportunity to study a major volcanically generated tsunami that caused substantial damage. In this study, we present a numerical simulation of a tsunami with a state-of-the-art numerical model based on a submarine explosion scenario. We constrain the geometry and magnitude of the explosion energy source based on analyses of pre- and post-event satellite images, which demonstrate that the explosion magnitude varied from 1 to 90 megatons of trinitrotoluene (Mt). Estimated submarine explosion geometries result in a suitable explosion magnitude of approximately 25 Mt, as determined with the waveform from the tide gauge in the time and frequency domains. The tsunami wave first reached the northwestern part of Tonga’s Tongatapu within 10 min, with a maximum runup height of approximately 15 m, and covered the whole of Tongatapu within 30 min. Finally, the numerical simulation provides deep insights into the physical volcanic explosion processes and improves our understanding and forecasting capabilities of frequent and catastrophic tsunamis caused by submarine volcanic explosions.
Enhanced photocatalytic performance over PANI/NH2-MIL-101(Fe) with tight interfacial contact
Authors: Yang Huaizhi , Wan Yuqi , Cheng Qingrong , Zhou Hong , Pan Zhiquan
Published: September 2022

PANI fragments were assembled on an NH2-MIL-101(Fe) photocatalyst to form a unique interface structure used for high-efficiency photocatalytic degradation of TC and hydrogen production under light irradiation.
Inhibitory effects of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban on enlarged prostate through androgen receptor and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways
Authors: Choi Young-Jin , Fan Meiqi , Wedamulla Nishala Erandi , Tang Yujiao , Bae Sung Mun , Hwang Ji-Young , Kim Eun-Kyung
Published: September 2022

CAA inhibits prostate cell proliferation in BPH by inhibiting androgen receptor signaling and the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Metabolic flux analysis: a comprehensive review on sample preparation, analytical techniques, data analysis, computational modelling, and main application areas
Authors: de Falco Bruna , Giannino Francesco , Carteni Fabrizio , Mazzoleni Stefano , Kim Dong-Hyun
Published: September 2022

Metabolic flux analysis (MFA) quantitatively describes cellular fluxes to understand metabolic phenotypes and functional behaviour after environmental and/or genetic perturbations.
A first principles examination of phosphorescence
Authors: Manian Anjay , Lyskov Igor , Shaw Robert A. , Russo Salvy P.
Published: September 2022

Phosphorescence is naturally spin-forbidden, and weak. Consequentially, to build the operator, one needs help from other excited states. Unfortunately, sometimes some states are more difficult to deal with than others.
The diversity and utility of arylthiazoline and aryloxazoline siderophores: challenges of total synthesis
Authors: Kamińska Karolina , Mular Andrzej , Olshvang Evgenia , Nolte Nils Metzler , Kozłowski Henryk , Wojaczyńska Elżbieta , Gumienna-Kontecka Elżbieta
Published: September 2022

A review presents advances in total synthesis of thiazoline and oxazoline-bearing siderophores, unique ferric ion chelators found in some bacteria, fungi and plants.
Improvement of mechanical and antibacterial properties of porous nHA scaffolds by fluorinated graphene oxide
Authors: Xu Zexian , Li Yali , Xu Dian , Li Li , Xu Yaoxiang , Chen Liqiang , Liu Yanshan , Sun Jian
Published: September 2022

Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) is widely used as a bio-scaffold material. In this study, fluorinated graphene oxide (FG) was added to nHA to improve its poor formability, weak mechanical properties and undesirable antimicrobial activity that affect its clinical application.
Review of the application of Cu-containing SSZ-13 in NH3-SCR-DeNOx and NH3-SCO
Authors: Jabłońska Magdalena
Published: September 2022

The progress of Cu-containing SSZ-13 regarding preparation methods, hydrothermal resistance and poisoning as well as reaction mechanisms in NH3-SCR-DeNOx and NH3-SCO.
Aromatic fluorine atom-induced highly amine-sensitive trimethine cyanine dye showing colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescence change
Authors: Kani Ryunosuke , Kubota Yasuhiro , Inuzuka Toshiyasu , Funabiki Kazumasa
Published: September 2022

The prepared ring-perfluorinated trimethine cyanine dye 2a has a significantly higher response to n-hexylamine than the non-fluorinated dye 2b, and exhibited a dual change in the solution and on filter paper and fluorescence color at widely shifted wavelengths, visible to the naked eye.
Excited-state charge polarization and electronic structure of mixed-cation halide perovskites: the role of mixed inorganic–organic cations in CsFAPbI3
Authors: Imani Roghayeh , Borca Carlos H. , Pazoki Meysam , Edvinsson Tomas
Published: September 2022

The roles of mixed monovalent cations in CsFAPbI3perovskites in terms of the optoelectronic properties and excited-state charge polarization are reported.
Motif-based zwitterionic peptides impact their structure and immunogenicity
Authors: McMullen Patrick , Qiao Qi , Luozhong Sijin , Cai Lirong , Fang Liang , Shao Qing , Jiang Shaoyi
Published: September 2022

Structure breaking amino acids, P, S, and G, are incorporated into low immunogenic unstructured zwitterionic peptide fusion proteins. We find unique sequence motifs that exhibit charge balanced conformations and low immunogenicity.
Lumbar spine localisation method based on feature fusion
Authors: Zhang Yonghong , Hu Ning , Li Zhuofu , Ji Xuquan , Liu Shanshan , Sha Youyang , Song Xiongkang , Zhang Jian , Hu Lei , Li Weishi
Published: September 2022

To eliminate unnecessary background information, such as soft tissues in original CT images and the adverse impact of the similarity of adjacent spines on lumbar image segmentation and surgical path planning, a two‐stage approach for localising lumbar segments is proposed. First, based on the multi‐scale feature fusion technology, a non‐linear regression method is used to achieve accurate localisation of the overall spatial region of the lumbar spine, effectively eliminating useless background information, such as soft tissues. In the second stage, we directly realised the precise positioning of each segment in the lumbar spine space region based on the non‐linear regression method, thus effectively eliminating the interference caused by the adjacent spine. The 3D Intersection over Union (3D_IOU) is used as the main evaluation indicator for the positioning accuracy. On an open dataset, 3D_IOU values of 0.8339 ± 0.0990 and 0.8559 ± 0.0332 in the first and second stages, respectively is achieved. In addition, the average time required for the proposed method in the two stages is 0.3274 and 0.2105 s respectively. Therefore, the proposed method performs very well in terms of both precision and speed and can effectively improve the accuracy of lumbar image segmentation and the effect of surgical path planning.
An inertia‐emulation‐based cooperative control strategy and parameters design for multi‐parallel energy storage system in islanded DC microgrids
Authors: Lin Gang , Liu Jiayan , Zhou Yang , Li Yong , Rehtanz Christian , Wang Shaoyang , Wang Pengcheng , Zuo Wei
Published: September 2022

This paper proposes an inertia‐emulation‐based cooperative control strategy for the multi‐parallel energy storage system (ESS) to meet the requirements of state‐of‐charge (SoC) balance, inertia enhancement and zero‐steady‐state voltage deviation. The inertia emulation loop (IEL) is constructed by analogy with DC motors to dampen voltage oscillation, while the secondary voltage recovery loop is derived from the circuit equivalence of an inductor to indicate the system stiffness. Moreover, to equalize SoCs of energy storage units (ESUs) dynamically, a SoC self‐balance algorithm is developed. The redefined SoC mismatch degree and balance speed adjustment factor k are introduced into the droop resistance, adjusting the SoC self‐balance rate and eliminating the SoC deviation among ESUs. The dynamic performance of the SoC self‐balance algorithm is analyzed and the small signal model of the DC microgrid (DC‐MG) with proposed strategy is established. Based on eigenvalue analysis and step response, the system stability is assessed, and the influence of control parameters on transient characteristics and stability margin is investigated. Considering power constraint, voltage deviation constraint and dynamic stability constraint, the optimal design method of k is given. Finally, simulation and experiment verify that the proposed control, without modifying hardware, performs better dynamic and static characteristics and can equalize SoC among ESUs in charge and discharge mode.
Status of the IRAM observatories
Authors: Neri Roberto , Sánchez-Portal Miguel
Published: September 2022

The NOEMA interferometer and the IRAM 30-meter telescope offer a range of outstanding capabilities that will continue to be expanded as part of IRAM’s long-term development strategy.
Multi-line characterization of whole molecular clouds using stratified random sampling
Authors: Tafalla Mario , Usero Antonio , Hacar Álvaro
Published: September 2022

We have developed a new technique to characterize the multi-line emission from molecular clouds using statistical sampling. Our method uses available extinction maps to select a relatively small sample of cloud positions that cover the full range of column densities in the cloud, and that can be observed with only a modest investment of telescope time. Here we present the first results of applying this technique to the Perseus molecular cloud, a nearby star-forming region that contains a population of both isolated and clustered protostars. We have used the IRAM 30m telescope to observe a sample of 100 random positions that cover two orders of magnitude in H2 column density. These positions have been observed over the full 3mm wavelength band together with selected portions of the 2 and 1mm bands. We find that the emission properties of most species are strongly correlated with the column density over the whole cloud, and that they can be reproduced using a relative simple radiative transfer model.
Nitrogen isotopes in the interstellar medium: A chemical journey across the Galaxy
Authors: Colzi Laura , Fontani Francesco , Rivilla Víctor M. , Caselli Paola
Published: September 2022

One of the most important tools to investigate the chemical history of our Galaxy and our own Solar System is to measure the isotopic fractionation of chemical elements. This is the process that distributes the less abundant stable isotopes of an element in different molecules. The isotopic ratios are governed by two main processes: 1. chemical evolution of the whole Galaxy due to stellar nucleosynthesis; 2. local fractionation effects. In this Proceeding we report some results highlighting both processes towards massive star-forming regions.
CH+(1-0) in a z~2.8 galaxy group: Probe of multi-phasic turbulent gas reservoirs
Authors: Vidal-García Alba , Falgarone Edith , Battaia Fabrizio Arrigoni , Godard Benjamin , Ivison Rob J. , Zwaan Martin A. , Herrera Cinthya , Frayer David , Andreani Paola , Li Quong , Gavazzi Raphaël , Bergin Edwin , Walter Fabian , Omont Alain
Published: September 2022

Starburst galaxies at redshifts z~2 to 4 are among the most intensely star-forming galaxies in the universe. The way they accrete their gas to form stars at such high rates is still a controversial issue. We have detected the CH+(1-0) line in emission and/or in absorption in all the gravitationally lensed starburst galaxies observed so far with ALMA in this redshift range. The unique spectroscopic and chemical properties of CH+ allow its rotational transition to highlight the sites of dissipation of mechanical energy. Whilst the absorption lines reveal highly turbulent reservoirs of low-density molecular gas extending far out of the galaxies, the broad emission lines with widths up to a few thousands of km/s, arise in myriad molecular shocks powered by the feedback of star formation and possibly active galactic nuclei. The CH+(1-0) lines therefore probe the sites of prodigious energy releases, mainly stored in turbulent reservoirs before being radiated away. These turbulent reservoirs act as extended buffers of mass and energy over timescales of a few tens to hundreds of Myr. Their mass supply involves multi-phasic gas inflows from galaxy mergers and/or cold stream accretion, as supported by Keck/KCWI Lyα observations of one of these starburst galaxies.
Revealing which Combinations of Molecular Lines are Sensitive to the Gas Physical Parameters of Molecular Clouds
Authors: Pety Jérôme , Gerin Maryvonne , Bron Emeric , Gratier Pierre , Orkisz Jan H. , Palud Pierre , Roueff Antoine , Einig Lucas , Santa-Maria Miriam G. , de Souza Magalhaes Victor , Bardeau Sébastien , Chanussot Jocelyn , Chainais Pierre , Goicoechea Javier R. , Guzman Viviana V. , Hughes Annie , Kainulainen Jouni , Languignon David , Levrier François , Lis Darek , Liszt Harvey S. , Le Bourlot Jacques , Le Petit Franck , Oberg Karin , Peretto Nicolas , Roueff Evelyne , Sievers Albrecht , Thouvenin Pierre-Antoine , Tremblin Pascal
Published: September 2022

Atoms and molecules have long been thought to be versatile tracers of the cold neutral gas in the universe, from high-redshift galaxies to star forming regions and proto-planetary disks, because their internal degrees of freedom bear the signature of the physical conditions where these species reside. However, the promise that molecular emission has a strong diagnostic power of the underlying physical and chemical state is still hampered by the difficulty to combine sophisticated chemical codes with gas dynamics. It is therefore important 1) to acquire self-consistent data sets that can be used as templates for this theoretical work, and 2) to reveal the diagnostic capabilities of molecular lines accurately. The advent of sensitive wideband spectrometers in the (sub)- millimeter domain (e.g., IRAM-30m/EMIR, NOEMA, …) during the 2010s has allowed us to image a significant fraction of a Giant Molecular Cloud with enough sensitivity to detect tens of molecular lines in the 70 – 116 GHz frequency range. Machine learning techniques applied to these data start to deliver the next generation of molecular line diagnostics of mass, density, temperature, and radiation field.
Characteristics and formation mechanism of MgO-enriched inclusions in 2507 super duplex stainless steel during LF refinement
Authors: Xingrun Chen , Zhangxin Qian , Jixiang Pan
Published: September 2022

Herein, we present the formation mechanism and characteristics of MgO-enriched inclusions in 2507 super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) during the ladle furnace (LF) refining process using a combination of thermodynamic calculations and experimental approach. The compositional analysis reveals that two types of inclusions exist in 2507 SDSS after aluminum (Al) de-oxidation during LF refining process, i.e., CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO and Al2O3-MgO inclusions. Furthermore, the inclusions are transformed into CaO-(SiO2)-Al2O3-MgO inclusions after calcium (Ca) treatment. In addition, the presence of [Mg] lowers the CaO and Al2O3 content of CaO-(SiO2)-Al2O3-MgO, forming MgO-enriched multi-component inclusions. Thermodynamic analysis confirms that the reaction of [Mg] with CaO and Al2O3 can occur in the temperature range of 1500 to 1600 °C during the LF refining process, however, the reaction between [Mg] and SiO2 is thermodynamically not feasible. Overall, the current study demonstrates that more attention should be paid to the MgO-enrichment of inclusions during LF refinement of SSDS.
Typ-1-Interferonopathien
Authors: Weidler Sophia , Lee-Kirsch Min Ae
Published: September 2022

Die Typ-1-Interferonopathien umfassen eine Gruppe seltener, genetisch und phänotypisch heterogener Erkrankungen, die durch eine chronische Typ-1-IFN-Aktivierung gekennzeichnet sind und denen eine Fehlfunktion des angeborenen Immunsystems zugrunde liegt. Das breite und variable klinische Spektrum ist durch das gemeinsame Auftreten von Autoinflammation und Autoimmunität, aber auch einer möglichen Immundefizienz charakterisiert. Ursächlich sind meist Störungen im Metabolismus oder Sensing von Nukleinsäuren, welche zu einer pathologischen, konstitutiven Aktivierung der Typ-1-IFN-Achse mit schädlichen Folgen für den Wirtsorganismus führen. Januskinase-Inhibitoren können eine effektive Therapieoption darstellen.
Antisynthetase-Syndrome
Authors: Bauhammer Jutta
Published: September 2022

Die Antisynthetase-Syndrome bilden eine Untergruppe der idiopathischen inflammatorischen Myopathien. Sie zeichnen sich aus durch mindestens eines der 3 Hauptsymptome Myositis, interstitielle Lungenerkrankung (ILD) und Arthritis in Kombination mit dem serologischen Nachweis eines Antikörpers gegen Aminoacyl-tRNA-Synthetasen. Zusätzlich können die Nebensymptome Mechanikerhände/-füße, Raynaud-Syndrom und/oder Fieber auftreten. Eine ILD ist häufig und bestimmt maßgeblich die Morbidität und Mortalität. 8 Antisynthetase-Antikörper sind bekannt. Häufigkeit und Schwere der Haupt- und Nebensymptome unterscheiden sich zwischen den einzelnen Antikörpern, an denen der anti-Jo-1-Antikörper den größten Anteil ausmacht. Die Wahl der immunsuppressiven Therapie richtet sich nach der Organbeteiligung. Die beste Prognose hat das Jo-1-Syndrom mit einer 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate von ca. 90 %.
Kinderrheumatologie in Äthiopien
Authors: Weißbarth-Riedel Elisabeth
Published: September 2022

Im Rahmen einer ehrenamtlichen Tätigkeit in einem tertiären Krankenhaus/Medical School in Addis Abeba konnten Einblicke in das Gesundheitssystem und die ärztliche Ausbildung in Äthiopien und in die Situation von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit rheumatischen Erkrankungen in diesem Land gewonnen werden. Kinder und Jugendliche sind vermutlich mit ähnlicher Frequenz wie in westlichen Ländern von diesen Erkrankungen betroffen, werden aber zu spät oder gar nicht diagnostiziert, was zu irreversiblen Schäden führt. Ursachen hierfür sind neben einer noch nicht flächendeckenden ärztlichen Versorgung eine bisher nicht ausreichende Ausbildung der Ärzte in nicht übertragbaren Krankheiten sowie ein mangelnder Zugang zu diagnostischen und therapeutischen Möglichkeiten. Eine Unterstützung der einheimischen Ärzte in der Ausbildung ist daher dringend erforderlich. Ein strukturiertes und den verfügbaren Mitteln angepasstes Diagnostik- und Therapiekonzept sollte in Zusammenarbeit mit internationalen Organisationen angestrebt werden.
The Digital Analytic Patient Reviewer (DAPR) for COVID-19 Data Mart Validation
Authors: Park Heekyong , Wang Taowei David , Wattanasin Nich , Castro Victor M. , Gainer Vivian , Goryachev Sergey , Murphy Shawn
Published: September 2022

Objective To provide high-quality data for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) research, we validated derived COVID-19 clinical indicators and 22 associated machine learning phenotypes, in the Mass General Brigham (MGB) COVID-19 Data Mart.

Methods Fifteen reviewers performed a retrospective manual chart review for 150 COVID-19-positive patients in the data mart. To support rapid chart review for a wide range of target data, we offered a natural language processing (NLP)-based chart review tool, the Digital Analytic Patient Reviewer (DAPR). For this work, we designed a dedicated patient summary view and developed new 127 NLP logics to extract COVID-19 relevant medical concepts and target phenotypes. Moreover, we transformed DAPR for research purposes so that patient information is used for an approved research purpose only and enabled fast access to the integrated patient information. Lastly, we performed a survey to evaluate the validation difficulty and usefulness of the DAPR.

Results The concepts for COVID-19-positive cohort, COVID-19 index date, COVID-19-related admission, and the admission date were shown to have high values in all evaluation metrics. However, three phenotypes showed notable performance degradation than the positive predictive value in the prepandemic population. Based on these results, we removed the three phenotypes from our data mart. In the survey about using the tool, participants expressed positive attitudes toward using DAPR for chart review. They assessed that the validation was easy and DAPR helped find relevant information. Some validation difficulties were also discussed.

Conclusion Use of NLP technology in the chart review helped to cope with the challenges of the COVID-19 data validation task and accelerated the process. As a result, we could provide more reliable research data promptly and respond to the COVID-19 crisis. DAPR's benefit can be expanded to other domains. We plan to operationalize it for wider research groups.
Stretchable and tough tannic acid-modified graphene oxide/ polyvinyl alcohol conductive hydrogels for strain and pressure sensors
Authors: Du Bin , Chao Yi , Yang Kenan , Li Bin , Luo Rubai , Zhou Shisheng , Li Huailin
Published: September 2022

With the rise of new fields such as wearable devices, human health monitoring, and artificial intelligence, flexible sensors have received extensive attention. Conductive hydrogels combine conductive fillers with the excellent properties of hydrogels, making them ideal materials for building flexible sensors. However, conductive hydrogels suffer from poor mechanical properties and low sensitivity, and designing hydrogels with high electrical conductivity and excellent mechanical properties remains a challenge. In this work, a conductive TA-RGO/PVA hydrogel was developed by incorporating TA-RGO nanocomposites into a PVA matrix. The prepared TA-RGO/PVA hydrogel exhibited excellent electrical conductivity, good elastic strain, and excellent mechanical stress. TA-RGO/PVA hydrogels can be used for stretchable strain and pressure sensors. The strain sensor based on the TA-RGO/PVA hydrogel exhibits excellent tensile strain sensitivity (1.936 78 gage factor in the 1%–280% strain region) with excellent stability. The sensor also maintains high sensitivity when used as a pressure sensor (2.2695 kPa−1 in the 0–9 kPa pressure range). These characteristics offer the TA-RGO/PVA hydrogel great potential in the application of wearable flexible strain/pressure sensors and bioelectrodes.
Occurrence of veterinary antibiotics in arable soil with different fertilisation modes: a field study
Authors: Xie Xiaona , Li Yutong , Wang Jun , Zhou Ye , Yang Zhengzhou , Zhu Zhengjie
Published: September 2022

Context Antibiotics contained in animal manure can contaminate arable soils and even groundwater. Systematic studies on the presence of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in soils under different fertilisation modes are urgently needed to provide ample evidence for preventing and controlling VAs pollution. Aims This study tried to illustrate the effect of different fertilisation modes on the occurrence of soil VAs in a long-term field experiment. Methods Soil samples were collected from a 30-year fertilisation experiment with four fertiliser application modes: (1) no fertiliser (CK); (2) chemical fertiliser (TR1); (3) cattle manure (TR2); and (4) combination of chemical fertiliser and cattle manure (TR3). Key results Results showed that tetracyclines and sulfonamides were ubiquitously detected in soil samples with the concentration from not detectable (ND) to 6.95 μg kg−1 and ND to 3.85 μg kg−1, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of cattle manure (5.13–1628 μg kg−1). In addition, the long-term fertilisation generally improved soil properties and increased levels of VAs. The combined application of chemical fertiliser and cattle manure could significantly improve contents of soil nutrients. The correlation coefficient showed that the concentration of antibiotics and soil properties, such as soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus, had positive correlation (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study indicated that different fertilisation methods had significant effects on the occurrence of antibiotics in arable soil. Implications The combination of inorganic and organic fertiliser application was a reasonable fertilisation mode to improve the soil fertility and control antibiotics contamination.
Multi-object surface roughness grade detection based on Faster R-CNN
Authors: Su Jinzhao , Yi Huaian , Ling Lin , Shu Aihua , Lu Enhui , Jiao Yanming , Wang Shuai
Published: September 2022

In a realistic scenario where a large number of workpieces need to be measured, any measurement method that can detect roughness only for a single workpiece is very limited in terms of measurement efficiency. To address this problem, a multi-object surface roughness detection model based on Faster R-CNN is proposed in this paper. The model features milled workpiece images with a convolutional neural network. And the obtained features will feed into a Region Proposal Network for inferring those regions where workpieces may be present. The regions and features go through a ROI pooling layer and a predictor to get more accurate target regions and measure the roughness of the workpieces in the regions. The experimental results show that the model proposed in this paper can accurately detect those regions where workpieces are present in the image and detect the corresponding roughness grade of the workpieces. A mean average precision of 97.80% and a detection speed of 5.82 fps for the test set of milled workpieces were achieved by the model under different placement angles and variable light conditions.
Deep learning and image processing for the automated analysis of thermal events on the first wall and divertor of fusion reactors
Authors: Grelier Erwan , Mitteau Raphaël , Moncada Victor
Published: September 2022

A multi-stage process that detects, tracks and classifies thermal events automatically using thermal imaging of the inside of fusion reactors is presented. The process relies on the Cascade R-CNN algorithm for the detection and classification and on the SORT algorithm for the tracking. The process is trained using a dataset of 325 thermal events distributed in seven classes, manually annotated from 20 infrared movies of the inside of the WEST tokamak. This dataset is created using user-friendly annotation tools, based on simple thresholding. The performance of the process is evaluated using modified indicators that emphasize the importance of the detection of the hottest zones of the hot spots. The modified mean average precision on a test dataset establishes at 27%.
Time-reversal symmetry broken quantum spin Hall phase in the van der Waals heterostructure ZrTe5/Cr2Ge2Te6
Authors: Xiao Xiaoliang , Zhan Fangyang , Kong Weixiang , Fan Jing , Wang Rui , Wu Xiaozhi
Published: September 2022

The topological phases with time-reversal symmetry (TRS) breaking have always attracted intense studies due to their potential applications to spintronics. The previous studies mainly focused on the exploration of quantum anomalous Hall effects, but another typical TRS-broken two-dimensional topological phase, i.e., the TRS-broken quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect, has rarely been proposed in realistic materials. Here, based on first-principles calculations and topology analysis, we show that the van der Waals heterostructure ZrTe5/Cr2Ge2Te6 can realize the robust TRS-broken QSH state. We utilize the topological edge states and spin Hall conductance, which can be measured in experiments directly, to confirm the appearance of TRS-broken QSH phase. Moreover, we uncover that the built-in electric field is essential to realize such topological state and an external electric field can effectively tune the nontrivial band gap. Our findings not only provide a reliable candidate to obtain the TRS-broken QSH phase with a high tunability but also can facilitate further applications to topological quantum transport.
High-quality resonances in terahertz composite slabs based on metal gratings
Authors: Liu Dejun , Yu Xi , Wu Feng , Cao Jun , Zhao Yanliang , Shi Hui , Xiao Shuyuan , Kuwahara Makoto , Itoigawa Fumihiro , Ono Shingo , Chen Lin , Liu Feng
Published: September 2022

In this study, a terahertz (THz) composite slab (TCS) based on metal grating and dielectric films is experimentally and numerically investigated in the THz region. By combining a dielectric film, the TCS exhibits different sharp resonances for varied polarization waves. A sharp Fano resonance is excited for transverse magnetic (TM) waves, which originates from the introduced asymmetric factor by dielectric films. The film thickness and refractive index can be used for the Fano resonance tuning. The resonant Q-factor can be improved using thinner and lower refractive index films. For transverse electric (TE) modes, a resonance termed guided modes can also be induced when the dielectric film is thick enough. The effects of film thickness and refractive index on these resonances are analyzed in detail. These results demonstrated that this TCS with high Q-factors or narrow resonances for both TM and TE waves is a promising component for THz filter and sensor applications.
Nonlocal pseudospin dynamics in a quantum Ising chain
Authors: Zhang K L , Song Z
Published: September 2022

The existence of topological zero modes in nontrivial phase of quantum Ising chain results in not only the Kramers-like degeneracy spectrum, but also dynamic response for non-Hermitian perturbation in the ordered phase (2021 Phys. Rev. Lett.
126 116 401). In this work, we investigate the possible response of the degeneracy spectrum for Hermitian perturbations. We provide a single-particle description of the model in the ordered phase, associating with an internal degree of freedom characterized as a pseudospin. The effective magnetic field, arising from both local and nonlocal perturbations in terms of string operators, acts on the pseudospin. We show that the action of string operator can be realized via a quench under the local perturbations. As an application, any ground states and excited states for the Hamiltonian with perturbation can be selected to identify the quantum phase, by adding the other perturbations to trigger a quench and measuring the Loschmidt echo.
Stable black holes: in vacuum and beyond
Authors: Giorgi Elena
Published: September 2022

Black holes are important objects in our understanding of the universe, as they represent the extreme nature of General Relativity. The mathematics behind them has surprising geometric properties, and their dynamics is governed by hyperbolic partial differential equations. A basic question one may ask is whether these solutions to the Einstein equation are stable under small perturbations, which is a typical requirement to be physically meaningful. We illustrate the main conjectures regarding the stability problem of known black hole solutions and present some recent theorems regarding the fully nonlinear evolution of black holes in the case of vacuum and their interaction with matter fields.