bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions and knowledges about Pediatric Patient safety
Authors: Gaita Marcia do Carmo , Fontana Rosane Teresinha
Published: August 2018

Abstract Objectives: To investigate students' conceptions of technical courses on pediatric patient safety; to investigate situations that favour the insecure care in pediatric units and to elaborate a booklet, in order to contribute to the teaching of the safety in the nursing care to the hospitalized child and to the health education to the workers of pediatric units. Method: Qualitative study based on symbolic interactionism. The data were collected in 2015, through a questionnaire to students from technical schools, complemented by systematic observation in two hospital units, located in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul and treated by the thematic analysis. Results: Failures were reported in drug administration and hand hygiene, among others. To improve safety was suggested adequate organization of the work and higher workload of clinical practice. Conclusion and implications for the practice: Continuing education and more practical classes can help in the construction of knowledge to safe attendance.
Firmalarda Nakit Dönüş Süresinin Sermaye Yapısına Etkisi: BİST’e Kayıtlı Çimento Sektörü Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: DERYA-BAŞKAN Tuba , KANDİL-GÖKER İlkut Elif
Published: August 2018

Firmaların bir faaliyet dönemindeki finansal planlama sürecinde, bulunduğu sektör önem arz etmektedir. Firmalar faaliyetlerini yerine getirirken sermayeleri ve borçları oranın da varlık elde etmek ve sermayelerini doğru yatırım tercihlerine yönlendirmeyi istemektedirler. Bu süreçlerin olabilmesi için en önemli etmenlerden birisi stokların peşin veya vadeli satılmasına bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan alacakların tahsil edilebilmesi ve firmalara nakit girişlerinin sağlanmasıdır. Diğer taraftan firmaların borç/öz kaynak yapısı da faaliyet süreci, yatırım kararı verme, işletme varlıklarını artırma, risk alma gibi birçok faktörde önemlidir. Bu çalışmada firmaların faaliyet oranlarının işleyişinin sermaye yapısına etkisi tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu aşama da alacakların, stokların ve nakdin doğru yönetilmesinin firmaların sermaye yapısını nasıl etkilediği ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Bunun için de Türkiye’deki BİST’e kayıtlı olan çimento sektörünün alacaklarının, stoklarının ve nakdin yönetilmesinin sermaye yapısını nasıl değiştireceği hususu Panel Veri modelleriyle analiz edilmiştir. Nakit dönüşüm süresi ile sermaye yapısı arasında olumlu bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.
Efficiency of Investments in Regional Airports in Poland
Authors: Górecka Aleksandra , Baran Joanna
Published: August 2018

The article, based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, determined the efficiency
of investments from the period of 2007-2013 in individual Polish airports. The applied DEA model
was aimed at maximizing effects. The following variables were adopted in the model: 1 input (the total
value of funds allocated for investments in 2007-2013) and 5 effects (increase in the number of
passengers served, increase in airport operations (ATM), increase in the number of parking aprons,
increase in the number of direct regular destinations, increase in the number of gates). 6 airports
showed the efficiency of the investments. For other airports, according to the benchmarking idea,
changes in the level of effects were proposed that could improve their efficiency.
Determinants of Bank Stability: A Financial Statement Analysis of Turkish Banks
Authors: DANIŞMAN Gamze
Published: August 2018

This paper attempts a financial statement analysis of Turkish banks and explores the determinants of bank stability, as proxied by non-performing loans ratio, using annual data on 27 Turkish banks for the years 2007-2015. We employ dynamic panel data estimation techniques by using the system GMM estimation techniques. Our results indicate that the significant determinants of NPLs that are able to explain the credit risk of Turkish banks include return on assets (ROA), loans to asset ratio, inefficiency index, non-interest income share and loan loss provisions share. We contribute to the literature by properly accounting for endogeneity with adequate specification and validation tests.
Accelerating Electric Vehicles Adoption: Considerations for Power Utilities and Automakers
Authors: Jagotra Shukrant , Kamboj Deepika
Published: August 2018

Electric vehicles (EVs) are the biggest disruption the automotive industry has witnessed in several past decades and are expected to play a wider role in the global vehicle industry going forward. The study reviews existing literature to identify certain drivers such as zero emissions, low operational and maintenance costs and barriers around low range, less matured charging infrastructure and high price. To expedite EVs adoption by tackling these barriers, players across the EV value chain need to focus on certain practical considerations. Power utilities need to stress on building charging infrastructure, planning renewable capacity additions and reducing charging time. While for automakers, focusing on increasing investments in R and D leading to better range and lower costs, developing or acquiring EV expertise, raising awareness among others may increase EV penetration. The study also explores several areas of strategic partnership between them.
Going Bananas: A Glimpse into WTO’s Dispute Settlement Mechanism
Authors: Gill Kawal , Baldia Panya
Published: August 2018

The paper seeks to comment on the efficiency and fairness of the World Trade Organization by examining its Dispute Settlement Mechanism. The study has attempted to achieve the same by focusing on the legal and economic analysis of ‘The European Communities – Regime for Importation, Sale and Distribution of Bananas Case’, a landmark judgement in the Dispute Settlement Body’s history that spanned two decades. The paper has analysed trade data from 1993-2016 to arrive at its conclusions and infer the legal rationale behind the verdict while scrutinizing the sectoral as well as overall economic impact of the case on the parties to the dispute.
10 X Sucrose Orange G Loading Dye v1
Authors: Wellman Gordon
Published: August 2018

This protocol outlines the preparation of a basic sucrose loading dye 10 X stock solution for gel electrophoresis (DNA/RNA). Orange G runs at approximately 50 bp making this loading dye ideal for small molecular weight polynucleotides. Used mainly as an indicator for approx. 100 bp polynucleotides, where we would like to avoid contamination of small fragments with other loading dyes. It is also useful as an indicator if you have excessive primer-dimer amplification in your PCRs as these usually also run at approx. 50 bp. The origins of this protocol have been lost in the mists of timeand this method been handed down from PhD student to PhD student.
Standard method for microCT-based additive manufacturing quality control 1: Porosity analysis v2
Authors: Du Plessis Anton , Sperling Philip , Beerlink Andre , Tshabalala Lerato , Hoosain Shaik , Mathe Ntombi , G le Roux Stephan
Published: August 2018

MicroCT is a well-established technique that is used to analyze the interior of objects non-destructively, and it is especially useful for void or porosity analysis. Besides its widespread use, few standards exist and none for additive manufacturing as yet. This is due to the inherent differences in part design, sizes and geometries, which results in different scan resolutions and qualities. This makes direct comparison between different scans of additively manufactured parts almost impossible. In addition, different image analysis methodologies can produce different results. In this method paper, we present a simplified 10 mm cube-shaped coupon sample as a standard size for detailed analysis of porosity using microCT, and a simplified workflow for obtaining porosity information. The aim is to be able to obtain directly comparable porosity information from different samples from the same AM system and even from different AM systems, and to potentially correlate detailed morphologies of the pores or voids with improper process parameters. The method is applied to two examples of different characteristic types of voids in AM: sub-surface lack of fusion due to improper contour scanning, and tree-like pores growing in the build direction. This standardized method demonstrates the capability for microCT to not only quantify porosity, but also identify void types which can be used to improve AM process optimization.
A contribution to the moss and hepatic flora of Nature Park “Numto” (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District, Western Siberia)
Authors: Elena Lapshina D. , Filippov Ilya V. , Verevkina Elena L.
Published: August 2018

During the geobotanical survey of the vegetation of the southern part of the Nature Park "Numto", located within the subzone of the northern taiga in the center of the West Siberian Plain, 140 species of bryophytes, including 87 species of mosses and 53 species of liverworts, of which 24 species of mosses and all liverworts are new to the territory of the Nature Park. Two species of sphagnum mosses – Sphagnum inexpectatum and S. mirum – are the most important finds for the Western Siberia. Sphagnum inexpectatum is listed for the first time for the territory of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District. The information on ecology and phytocenotic confinement of 18 species of mosses, known earlier in the Nature Park from one point or on a few and single finds, is supplemented. An annotated list of all identified species of bryophytes is given.
Climate of the reserve «Malaya Sosva»: long-term material
Authors: Talanova Galina I.
Published: August 2018

The article presents an analysis of meteorological long-term material on the territory of the reserve “Malaya Sosva” (Sosvinsky Priobie). The climate of the reserve is typically continental. Long winter, short summer, late spring and early autumn frosts are characteristic of reserve. There are also sharp fluctuations in temperature throughout the year. The frost-free period in the air lasts 78 days. Annual precipitation is 544 mm. The snow cover is an average of 194 days (more than 6 months). Since 1981, there has been an increase in the average annual air temperature from decade to decade by approximately 0.5 ° C.
Biotopical distribution of sable in state nature reserve «Yuganskiy» area
Authors: Pereyaslovets Vladimir M.
Published: August 2018

The population dynamics and biotope distribution of the sable (Martes zibellina) in the Yuganskiy nature reserve have been a subject of continuous study since 1988. Data for analysis is obtained from annual route census surveys performed in February and March. There are four major types of sable habitats: dark conifer taiga (primarily formed by Pinus sibirica, Abies sibirica and Picea obovata), light conifer taiga (forest stands dominated by Pinus sylvestris), deciduous taiga (secondary forests dominated by Betula and Populus, with conifers in the undergrowth) and raised bogs (poorly drained treeless or treed spaces covered by Sphagnum and dwarf forms of Pinus sylvestris).  Based on the material collected in 1988-2015 using the calculated biotope preference coefficient we defined the degree of attractiveness of different biotope types. In the area of the Yuganskiy nature reserve, forested biotopes are optimal for the sable. They represent its intrinsically typical biotopes where population density is defined by a complex of characteristic food and shelter conditions, as well as a variety of intrapopulational factors. Among the different types of forested habitats of the sable, the highest and most stable population values are typical for dark conifer taiga, which makes it a key biotope for the survival of the species’ population. This habitat type is also characterized by the maximum values of the biotope preference coefficient, which indicates the apparent preference of the sable among other mentioned biotope types. Light conifer and deciduous taiga are less valuable; however, they also provide sufficient conditions to ensure the stability of the sable population. In the Yuganskiy nature reserve, these two habitat types are equally attractive for sable populations, as shown by the virtually equal values of the preference coefficient and a similar type of its value dynamics. Bog biotopes are pessimal for the sable due to the scarcity of the ecological resources required by this species. They are characterized by the lowest population densities of the sable and the greatest population fluctuations from year to year. The biotope preference coefficient is often near zero, which also indicates the low attractiveness of these habitats.
Vegetation and productivity of mire ecosystems in the reserve «Yuganskiy»
Authors: Kosykh Natalya P. , Koronatova Natalya G. , Stepanova Vera A.
Published: August 2018

Over the last four years, biogeocenological studies have been carried out on the territory of the Yuganskiy reserve, that is located in the middle taiga - the most boggy subzone of the taiga of Western Siberia. The vegetation productivity of the main oligotrophic and mesotrophic mire ecosystems of the reserve, which occupy 30-35% of the territory, is estimated. Phytomass stocks vary from 1200 to 3820 g / m2 and constitute from 7 to 36% of the total stocks of plant matter. Pine stand increases phytomass stocks by 60% on the ryam, by 40% on the ridge, by 10% on hummocks of a pool complexes. Production in the ecosystems of ridges and ryams vary from 700 to 1000 g / m2 per year, in hollows - from 650 to 1700 g / m2 per year, the most productive were more waterlogged ecosystems of pool complexes and mesotrophic open bogs.
Rare species of freshwater mollusks of the Bolshoy Yugan River basin (Middle Ob) in collection of 2016
Authors: Babushkin Evgeniy S.
Published: August 2018

Information about rare species used for decide widely spectrum of problems. In practice ‒ for estimating environmental impact from human activities. For example by studying biodiversity in fundamental science. This information very important for monitoring and prevention of species extinction. Regional and Federal Red Books serve this aim. However freshwater mollusks species of the Bolshoy Yugan river basin not presented in the Federal Red Book of Russian Federation. In addition, in the Regional Red Books of Khanty-Mansi autonomous region and Tyumen region data about mollusks are absence. This paper the first step to fill in the gap. Article contains the first data about rare species of freshwater mollusks of the Bolshoy Yugan River basin collected during the field season of 2016. In future, these species possibly will be propose to inclusion in the Red Book of Khanty-Mansi autonomous region. I followed the standard techniques of mollusks sampling, fixation and laboratory treatment. In this research I call species rare if species occurrence was 5,0% and lower. I used contemporary macrosystems of mollusks in the level above family groups of both Bivalves and Gastropods. In addition, on the level under family groups and lower I used alternative approach, which consist of combination of two different taxonomic systems: “traditional” European and Ya.I. Starobogatov’s scientific school or “Russian”. The collection of mollusks is kept in the Federal Zapovednik (Nature Reserve) “Yuganskiy”, which was the material base of my study. In the article discussed aspects of rareness and difficulty of investigates freshwater mollusks. These difficulties connected with existence of different taxonomical approaches and underexplored mollusk's fauna and ecology. Studies of rare species in the Western Siberia are briefly considered. The results of own research and annotated list of rare mollusks species of Bolshoy Yugan River basin collected during the field season of 2016 are presented. Showed that significant part of species richness in the Bolshoy Yugan River basin consist of rare species. These results do not change independent of applied taxonomical approaches “traditional” or “Russian” and discussed with facts in malacologycal literature. There are 50 species of freshwater mollusks were find in 2016, 41 of them are rare in the Bolshoy Yugan River basin. In conclusion marked need for further research of freshwater mollusks. In addition denoted some important priorities of studies, such as systematics, fauna, zoogeography and ecology of mollusks. The question about inclusion in the Red Book of Khanty-Mansi autonomous region some any species of freshwater mollusks are still opened. Because needed additional facts about distribution and abundance species from others parts of region.Partial financial support for this study was obtained from the Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation (project 6.1352.2017/ПЧ).
Efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants: Position of gastroenterologist
Authors: Bakulin I G , Belousova L N , Pakhomova I G , Chizhova O Yu
Published: August 2018

The prevention of thromboembolism is the leading goal in the management of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Oral anticoagulants (OAC) has been using in the treatment of AF patients for a long time according the modern clinical recommendations. Recently, new direct oral anticoagulants (NOAC) have been increasingly used in the treatment and prevention of thrombo-embolism in AF patients. However, the problem of bleeding prevention in anticoagulated patients (primarily for gastrointestinal tract) is still unresolved. The authors analyzed the results of evidence-based medicine for assessing the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in anticoagulated patients with NOACs. (For citation: Bakulin GI, Belousova LN, Pakhomova IG, Chizhova OYu. Efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants: Position of gastroenterologist. Herald of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. 2018;10(2):12-18. doi: 10.17816/mechnikov201810212-18).
Trend in Productivity research in Bangladesh Agriculture: A Review of selected Articles
Authors: Raihana Bilkis
Published: August 2018

This study is exploratory in nature. Changes in productivity in Bangladesh agriculture are issues of continuing research and policy interest. This article aims at interpreting the trends of productivity studies in Bangladesh agriculture sector including techniques, methods and models. This will be pursued on the basis of literature review of published books, journals and materials. Recent research developments in the study of productivity measurement have emphasized two things: the superiority of Total factor productivity (TFP) indexes and the use of flexible weight indexing procedures. But most of the earlier research work in Bangladesh agriculture has not incorporated both these approaches simultaneously. Efforts have been made to provide some recommendations to enhance the productivity studies in Bangladesh agriculture
CPI Aggregation: A New Weighting Scheme
Authors: Rahman A.F.M. Ataur , Uddin Noor Md. Wasi
Published: August 2018

Consumer Price Index (CPI) of a particular region is primarily calculated through aggregation of individual household observations. This aggregation is done following two schemes, plutocratic and democratic. While both of them are useful for certain purposes, none of them actually give proper attention to poor households. In this study, we have shown that weighting scheme with certain mathematical characteristics can actually produce CPI, which can represent poor households better and thus can be more useful for development-oriented policymaking.
Should Investor invest in both future and spot market? : An Analysis through Optimal Hedge Ratio
Authors: Jose Babu , Lazar D.
Published: August 2018

This study is to estimate optimal hedge ratio with the variables from Indian futures and spot market and also nineteen individual stock prices. Diagonal VEC-GARCH model is used for the period from June 2000 to June 2011. The Empirical results confirm that there is effective risk sharing and hedging processes in Indian futures market. It is also found that Indian futures and spot markets have strong causal relationship; which allows the trader to make perfect arbitrage process and hedge their risks.
Is the Stock Market Overvalued: A Study in the Context of Bangladesh?
Authors: Abdullah Mohammad Nayeem , Parvez Kamruddin , Khaled Moslehuddin
Published: August 2018

The primary objective of this paper is to analyze if the Market overvalued. We studied prices of 17 actively companies in the Market from 2006 to 2010 and used three Valuation Ratios with an explicit corporate sector along with overall market index data and found that the Stock Marke overvalued. The analysis was completed in two stages. At first we analyzed each of the 17 companies to determine the condition of each company .This part shows that among 17 companies most of the companies’ share prices are overvalued and they are also inefficient in managing costs. The second stage of the analysis is composed of 17 companies share prices along with examination of capital accumulation in corresponding period. This result also shows that the market overvalued. From my analysis a relationship has been found between mass capital accumulation and Market Overvalued.
Performance Evaluation of Selected Ceramic Companies of Bangladesh
Authors: Masum Abdullah Al , Johora Fatema-Tuz-
Published: August 2018

This paper applies performance evaluation of ceramic industry of Bangladesh and to test its financial soundness. The main aim is achieved through ratio analysis of four selected ceramic (Fu Wang, Monno, Shinepukur and Standard) companies in Bangladesh. Measurement of financial performance by ratio analysis helps identify organizational strengths and weaknesses by detecting financial anomalies and focusing attention on issues of organizational importance.  The financial performance of this industry is measured in terms of profitability, solvency, efficiency and liquidity analysis and to test the financial soundness, Multivariate Discriminate Analysis (MDA) is used, which was developed by Prof. Altman. The study covers four public sector ceramic companies listed on Dhaka Stock Exchange. The study has been undertaken for the period of five years from 2006-7 to 2010-2011 and the necessary data has been obtained from the audited annual report of the selected companies. The liquidity position was very weak in all the cases of the selected companies and thereby reflecting the difficulties in paying short-term obligation on due date. Financial stability of the selected companies has shown an upward trend. This study will help investors to identify the nature of financial performance of the ceramic industry of Bangladesh and will also help to take investment decision.
Performance Appraisal & Promotion Practices on Private Commercial Bank in Bangladesh: A Case Study from Pubali Bank Ltd.
Authors: Hossain Maksuda , Abdullah Abu Md. , Farhana Shila
Published: August 2018

This paper has been prepared on performance appraisal & promotion practice of Pubali Bank Ltd. Performance appraisal being a critical part of human resource management carries huge significance to run an organization smoothly. As the name implies management does not have to face obstacles regarding employees if such appraisal is done appropriately with proper implication on promotion. This process of performance appraisal has been presented here the way it is followed by Pubali Bank Ltd. The objective of the paper has also been to present the performance appraisal of employees of this bank. After discussion there is findings section which shows various appraisal problems approaching by the employees and organization as well.  To avoid any sudden setback in future, well defined steps have been recommended at the end of this paper.
Managerial Perceptions Concerning Nondisclosure of Sustainability Issues: A Case of Two Selected Banks in Bangladesh
Authors: Sobhani Farid A. , Amran Azlan
Published: August 2018

This paper aims to explore the perceptions of senior bankers concerning nondisclosure of sustainability issues within the context of Bangladesh. The main objective of this paper is to critically examine the reasons for managerial reluctance to report corporate sustainability issues for two competing banks in Bangladesh, in general, and crucial issues, such as energy, human rights, and environmental issues, in particular. The study considered the perceptions of senior managers of two selected banks as gathered through an interview process. In total, 20 senior bankers of the two banks were interviewed to ascertain their perceptions concerning nondisclosure of corporate sustainability issues. The study found numerous reasons behind the nondisclosure of sustainability issues, such as the lack of sufficient resources, absence of the practice by other banks, lack of a legal framework, lack of pressure from any other concern, absence of a sustainable corporate plan, shortage of manpower, lack of infrastructure and logistic support, and the cost involved. From an institutional perspective, organizational changes are not always favourable, sometimes organizational actors adapt strategies to resist any change. This research provides an explanation for non-disclosed items in the two selected banks’ sustainability reporting. The findings provide some indication of how such practices can be developed further.
Declaration Effect of Cash & Stock Dividends on Share Price: An Empirical Study on Dhaka Stock Exchange
Authors: Rahman Md Lutfor , Amin Mohammad Ruhul , Siddikee Md. Noman
Published: August 2018

This study analyzes the impact of different types of dividend declaration, namely stock and cash dividends. Using event study method, MAAR and CAAR, this study found no evidence of abnormal returns on the declaration day for either of the types of dividends. However, significant negative returns are reported on days prior to the declaration day for stock dividend, indicating speculative nature of the investors. Furthermore, it provides positive returns during the post-announcement period as the investors realize the chance of potential gains. However, as far as cash dividend is concerned companies listed under DSE do not provide any significant abnormal returns during the 60 days event window.  For CAAR, no significant return is reported for cash dividend, while stock dividend provided a maximum 5.6% abnormal returns during the post announcement period.
Bank Selection Influencing Factors: A Study on Customer Preferences with Reference to Rajshahi City
Authors: Siddique Md. Nur-E-Alam
Published: August 2018

This study analyses the factors considered important by customer in selection a private commercial bank and nationalized commercial bank in Bangladesh. It is based on a survey of 600 customers of private commercial banks (PCBs) and nationalized commercial banks (NCBs) located in the city of Rajshahi in Bangladesh. This study relied on 30 selection factors extracted from relevant literature, personal experience, and interviews with the some bank officials and customers. The findings reveal that the most important factors influencing customers for selecting a private commercial bank are effective and efficient customer services, speed and quality services; image of the bank, online banking, and well management. On the other hand, the most important factors for choosing a nationalized commercial bank are low interest rate on loan, convenient branch location, safe investment (accountability of the govt.), variety of services offered and low eservice charges. Findings also suggest that there are some of significant statistical differences between responses of PCB and NCB customers related to factors considered important in selection a bank.
GELİR VE FAİZ ORANLARININ KONUT FİYATLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ KISA VE UZUN DÖNEM ETKİLERİ
Authors: KOLCU Fatma , YAMAK Nebiye
Published: August 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye
örneğinde gelir ve konut kredisi faiz oranlarının konut fiyatları üzerindeki
kısa ve uzun dönem etkilerini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada kullanılan veriler aylık
olup 2010:01-2017:09 dönemini kapsamaktadır. Çalışmada, değişkenler arasındaki
uzun dönem ilişkiler Pesaran ve Shin (1999) tarafından geliştirilen Gecikmesi
Dağıtılmış Otoregresif (ARDL) sınır testi yaklaşımı kullanılarak
araştırılmıştır. ARDL sınır testi sonuçlarına göre, konut fiyatları ile gelir
ve konut kredisi faiz oranı arasında uzun dönem ilişkinin varlığı tespit
edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, uzun dönemde gelirin konut fiyatları üzerinde
pozitif etki yarattığını göstermiştir. Konut kredisi faiz oranının ise uzun
dönemde konut fiyatları üzerinde etkili olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bununla
birlikte, kısa dönemde konut kredisi faiz oranlarının konut fiyatları üzerinde negatif
etki yarattığı tespit edilmiştir.
Prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnancy
Authors: Pahwa Sangeeta , Mangat Sabia
Published: August 2018

Background: Thyroid disorders are among the common endocrine problems in pregnant women. Often overlooked in pregnancy due to nonspecific symptoms and hyper-metabolic state of pregnancy. Western literature shows prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnancy as 2.5% and hypothyroidism as 0.1-0.4%. There is paucity of data on prevalence of thyroid disorders in India pregnant population. This study was carried out to know prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnant women in Indian population.Methods: One hundred pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in first trimester were registered. Detailed history and examination was done. Apart from routine basic and obstetrical investigations, TSH, FT3 and FT4 level estimation was done.Results: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was high in this study in first trimester pregnant women, with subclinical hypothyroidism in 6%, overt hypothyroidism in 2%, subclinical hyperthyroidism 2 % and overt hyperthyroidism 0%.Conclusions: Prevalence of thyroid disorders, especially subclinical hypothyroidism (6%), overt hypothyroidism (2%) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (2%) was high. To prevent adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome, we are emphasizing the importance of routine antenatal thyroid screening.
Gestational diabetes mellitus is as innocent as you think?
Authors: Uysal Gulsum , Kutuk Mehmet Serdar
Published: August 2018

Background: We aimed to compare fetal outcomes, fetal hypoxia, acidemia and maternal chracteristics including hemoglobin A1c, doppler indices between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregestational diabetes mellitus (DM) among pregnant women treated with insulin.Methods: Data of pregnant patients with diagnosis of pregestational diabetes (type 1 and 2) and GDM who were treated with insulin (GDM A2 in White classification) was retrospectively collected and compared. Patients with active chronic systemic disease, multiple pregnancies, lost to follow up and detected fetal malformations were exluded. Maternal characteristics, umbilical doppler indices and amnion fluid index, gestational age at delivery, delivery characteristics (including vaginal delivery, or cesarean section) and newborn characteristics such as birth weight, Apgar score and umblical cord pH were all recorded.Results: A total of 130 patients (67 patients with GDM and 63 pregestational DM) were recruited to the study. There were no significant difference regarding type of delivery, fetal birth weight, umbilical cord Hb and gestational birth age. No other significant difference in frequency of low Apgar scores and fetal acidosis or metabolic acidosis were reported. HbA1c and blood glucose levels and insulin dosage were significantly statistically higher in pregestational group.Conclusions: The frequency of fetal distress parameters and poor fetal outcome were similar between groups although pregestaional diabetic patients had higher HbA1c rates. Therefore, patients with GDM (A2) should be followed up as closely as pregestational (overt) diabetic patients.
Assessment of clinical, hematological, radiological parameters for prediction of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy at a tertiary health care centre
Authors: Jina Abhishek , Kumar Shailendra , Singh Vineet
Published: August 2018

Background: Since its introduction in the mid 1980’s, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been widely used for symptomatic cholelithiasis. In recent years it has been considered as a gold standard for treatment of symptomatic cholelithiasis. Recent studies have reported that the rate of conversion of LC to open cholecystectomy (OC) is 1.5-19%. The aim of the present study was to predict the difficulties of performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in symptomatic cholelithiasis. Further, the possibility of converting LC to open cholecystectomy was also investigated using various haematological, clinical, and radiological tool such as USG.Methods: The present prospective study was conducted in in Nehru Hospital of BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, India over a period of 12 months on in-patients from various surgical wards undergoing LC. The patients were primarily divided into two groups consisting of those undergoing LC and those converted to OC respectively. Parameters like gender, age, body mass index, associated complains, total leukocyte count (TLC) and levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were assessed as potential risk factors for conversion.Results: 50 patients were considered for this study. Results indicated that rate of conversion of LC to OC was found to be maximum for patients belonging to male gender, 31-40 years old, were obese, had previous history of upper abdominal surgery and had raised levels of TLC and ALP. Patients having multiple stones and contracted gall bladder also had a higher incidence of conversion to OC.Conclusions: From results obtained in this study, it could be concluded that parameters like age, gender, obesity, history of upper abdominal surgery, raised levels of TLC and ALP, incidences of multiple stones and contracted gall bladder posed significant risk for LC and acted as predictors for conversion to OC.
Incidence of conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy and its associated factors
Authors: Al-Shammari Rafea Jasim Hussein , Al-Khazaali Sabah Noori Abdulraheem
Published: August 2018

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has replaced open cholecystectomy as standard procedure for the treatment of Symptomatic cholelithiasis. Nonetheless, conversion from laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open one is still required in many circumstances. The aim of this study was to determine the main causes of conversion to open in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: From 1st of January 2010 until the 1st of January 2011 one hundred and fifty patients who had laparoscopic cholecystectomy were prospectively followed at the time of surgery by obtaining a data for the patient’s age, sex, time from the introduction of laparoscopic ports till decision of conversion and the cause of conversion if present.Results: Put of the 150 laparoscopic cholecystectomy 9 conversions occurred (the percentage of conversion was 6%). The most common causes were: vascular injuries: 2 patients, empyema of the gall bladder: 2 patients, severe obesity: 1 patient, abnormal position of gall bladder: 1 patient, and dense adhesions and disturbed anatomy: 3 patients. Three patients of conversions are males from 25 male patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 6 cases are females from 125 female patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy so the percentage of conversion for male patients is 12% while for female patients is 4.8%.Conclusions: The overall conversion rate in this study was 6% and the most common cause for conversion is dense adhesions, followed by empyema of GB. and severe bleeding that need conversion, and the rate for conversion was higher in male patients.
TESTE DO PEZINHO E O PAPEL DA ENFERMAGEM: UMA REFLEXÃO
Authors: Trovó de Marqui Alessandra Bernadete
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: refletir e re(pensar) a atuação da Enfermagem no Teste do Pezinho. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo descritivo-reflexivo com fundamentação teórica sobre a prática de enfermagem em Triagem Neonatal. Resultados: a literatura mostra: 1) fragilidades na atuação desses profissionais em Triagem Neonatal e 2) entendimento limitado das mães sobre o teste, que pode ser reflexo da atuação inadequada da Equipe de Enfermagem na Educação em Saúde. Conclusões: para que a Enfermagem atue na promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças, é indispensável que o profissional reflita sobre seu papel social e busque continuamente por capacitação, pois essa lhes proporcionará uma melhoria na qualidade da assistência prestada à mãe e recém-nascido.
PERFIL SÓCIODEMOGRÁFICO E EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS USUÁRIOS DE UM CENTRO DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL ÁLCOOL E DROGAS
Authors: Silva Daniela Luciana Silva e , Torrezan Maira Bianquin , Costa Jonathan Vinicius , Garcia Ana Paula Rigon Francischetti , Toledo Vanessa Pellegrino
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: caracterizar perfil sociodemográfico e epidemiológico dos usuários de um centro de atenção psicossocial álcool e drogas referência para população do distrito saúde norte/ Campinas.  Métodos: estudo quantitativo transversal. Dados coletados em 213 prontuários de julho a agosto de 2013, seguido de análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: perfil predominante foi sexo masculino, idade média 39 anos, ensino médio completo, raça branca, solteiros, com filhos. Maior prevalência de transtorno mental e comportamental devido ao uso de múltiplas drogas com comorbidades psiquiátricas. Álcool foi a droga de escolha e conflito familiar foi o estressor psicossocial. Conclusão: evidenciou-se necessidade de planejamento intersetorial, com ênfase em modelos organizados pela redução de danos, em que o acesso à rede de atenção, torna-se foco de intervenção a partir da inclusão social pelo trabalho e fortalecimento da clínica ampliada em resposta às práticas apoiadas por concepções higienistas e de exclusão. A falta de registro foi limitante neste estudo.
USO DE DISPOSITIVO MÓVEL POR AGENTES COMUNITÁRIOS DE SAÚDE
Authors: Leal de Sousa Paulo Henrique , Simões Pelogi Andrea Pereira
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a experiência brasileira no uso de tecnologia móvel, na área da saúde, voltada para o Agente Comunitário de Saúde. Método: realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura com característica exploratória do tipo descritiva sobre essa temática. Resultados: após busca nas plataformas de pesquisa online retornaram 44 artigos, após critérios de inclusão e exclusão utilizamos 7 artigos. Conclusão: Na análise dos artigos encontramos dois grupos, um que abordou o desenvolvimento de software e, outro que analisou a utilização de dispositivos móveis pelos ACS. Assim, foi possível concluir a viabilidade e factibilidade da utilização de dispositivos móveis pelos agentes de saúde e a melhoria na confiabilidade das informações, em saúde, geradas.
DOENÇAS IDENTIFICADAS NA TRIAGEM NEONATAL REALIZADA EM UM MUNICÍPIO NO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Weber Jaks Caroline Daiane , Bärtschi Gabatz Ruth Irmgard , Schwartz Eda , Eschevarría-Guanilo Maria Elena , Rosa Borges Ananda , Marten Milbrath Viviane
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: conhecer a proporção das doenças detectadas por meio dos testes do pezinho realizados em um município do Sul do Brasil. Método: estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo e descritivo, realizado no Centro de Triagem Neonatal de um município do Sul do Brasil. Coletou-se os dados a partir dos registros dos testes do pezinho realizados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, entre março de 2012 a fevereiro de 2013. Resultados: dos 3256 exames realizados, 104 tiveram valores com padrão alterado, correspondendo a 60 com hemoglobina compatível com traço falcêmico, quatro com diagnóstico de fenilcetonúria e nove com alterações compatíveis com a Fibrose Cística. Conclusão: a doença mais incidente nos exames avaliados, anemia falciforme, relaciona-se com a característica étnica da população negra. Existe uma diferença entre os nascidos vivos e os exames realizados no período, o que pode representar que uma parcela de crianças não realizou o teste ou o realizou na rede privada.
From Social Ties to Network Processes: Do Tie Definitions Matter?
Authors: Fincham Ed , Gašević Dragan , Pardo Abelardo
Published: August 2018

The widespread adoption of digital e-learning environments and other learning technology has provided researchers with ready access to large quantities of data. Much of this data comes from discussion forums and has been studied with analytical methods drawn from social network analysis. However, within this large body of research there exists considerable variation in the definition of what constitutes a social tie, and the consequences of this choice are rarely described or examined. This paper presents findings from two distinct learning environments regarding different social tie extraction methods and their influence on the structural and statistical properties of the induced networks, and the association between measures of centrality and academic performance. Our findings indicate that social tie definitions play an important role in shaping the results of our analyses. The primary purpose of this paper is to raise awareness of the consequences that such methodological choices may have, and to promote transparency in future research.
Embedding Experiments: Staking Causal Inference in Authentic Educational Contexts
Authors: Motz Benjamin A. , Carvalho Paulo F. , De Leeuw Joshua R. , Goldstone Robert L.
Published: August 2018

To identify the ways teachers and educational systems can improve learning, researchers need to make causal inferences. Analyses of existing datasets play an important role in detecting causal patterns, but conducting experiments also plays an indispensable role in this research. In this article, we advocate for experiments to be embedded in real educational contexts, allowing researchers to test whether interventions such as a learning activity, new technology, or advising strategy elicit reliable improvements in authentic student behaviours and educational outcomes. Embedded experiments, wherein theoretically relevant variables are systematically manipulated in real learning contexts, carry strong benefits for making causal inferences, particularly when allied with the data-rich resources of contemporary e-learning environments. Toward this goal, we offer a field guide to embedded experimentation, reviewing experimental design choices, addressing ethical concerns, discussing the importance of involving teachers, and reviewing how interventions can be deployed in a variety of contexts, at a range of scales. Causal inference is a critical component of a field that aims to improve student learning; including experimentation alongside analyses of existing data in learning analytics is the most compelling way to test causal claims.
Visualizing Data to Support Judgement, Inference, and Decision Making in Learning Analytics: Insights from Cognitive Psychology and Visualization Science
Authors: Alhadad Sakinah S.J.
Published: August 2018

Understanding human judgement and decision making during visual inspection of data is of both practical and theoretical interest. While visualizing data is a commonly employed mechanism to support complex cognitive processes such as inference, judgement, and decision making, the process of supporting and scaffolding cognition through effective design is less well understood. Applying insights from cognitive psychology and visualization science, this paper critically discusses the role of human factors — visual attention, perception, judgement, and decision making — toward informing methodological choices when visualizing data. The value of visualizing data is discussed in two key domains: 1) visualizing data as a means of communication; and 2) visualizing data as research methodology. The first applies cognitive science principles and research evidence to inform data visualization design for communication. The second applies data- and cognitive-science to deepen our understanding of data, of its uncertainty, and of analysis when making inferences. The evidence for human capacity limitations — attention and cognition — are discussed in the context of data visualizations to support inference-making in both domains, and are followed by recommendations. Finally, how learning analytics can further research on understanding the role data visualizations can play in supporting complex cognition is proposed.
Evaluating Predictive Models of Student Success: Closing the Methodological Gap
Authors: Gardner Joshua Patrick , Brooks Christopher
Published: August 2018

Model evaluation – the process of making inferences about the performance of predictive models – is a critical component of predictive model-ing research in learning analytics. In this work, we present an overview of the state-of-the-practice of model evaluation in learning analytics, which overwhelmingly uses only na ̈ıve methods for model evaluation or, less commonly, statistical tests which are not appropriate for predictive model evaluation. We then provide an overview of more appropriate methods for model evaluation, presenting both frequentist and a preferred Bayesian method. Finally, we apply three methods – the na ̈ıve average commonly used in learning analytics, frequentist null hypothesis significance test(NHST), and hierarchical Bayesian model evaluation – to a large set ofMOOC data. We compare 96 different predictive modeling techniques,including different feature sets, statistical modeling algorithms, and tuning hyperparameters for each, using this case study to demonstrate the different experimental conclusions these evaluation techniques provide.
Editorial
Authors: Muñoz Blin María Josée
Published: August 2018

Estimados lectores,Tengo la grata misión de presentar a ustedes el primer número de nuestra revista SUMMA PSICOLOGICA UST, revista que tiene como fin aportar al desarrollo científico en nuestra institución y en nuestro país, desde el ámbito de la Psicología.Esta edición constituye un primer peldaño, y es parte del compromiso que han suscrito los académicos de la Escuela de Psicología con la excelencia académica, en la cual la reflexión y la discusión tienen un rol fundamental.Se trata de promover la producción intelectual escrita, la investigación científica, y los desarrollos teóricos, así como su divulgación al interior y al exterior de la Universidad Santo Tomás.Con este número, se abre un espacio de publicación bianual, que recogerá trabajos de investigación científica sobre temas relevantes en el campo de la Psicología, tanto en lo teórico, como en lo empírico.Conscientes de la rápida expansión de nuestra disciplina en el país, consideramos nuestro deber seguir velando por un desarrollo sistemático, de nivel científico, poniendo especial interés en los hallazgos más recientes y en aquellos aportes que, con tanto esfuerzo y dedicación, se generan en nuestro país, y en Latinoamérica.La revista pretende acoger una diversidad de miradas y concepciones acerca del ser humano, y de las vías que han de favorecer su desarrollo. La idea, es que el trabajo intelectual plasmado aquí, se convierta en un acervo de conocimientos y recursos que queden a disposición de los lectores, iluminando y estimulando tanto el trabajo teórico, como la práctica académica y profesional.Al cierre sólo me resta agradecer a nuestros distinguidos autores que han colaborado en hacer posible esta nueva revista, que contribuirá al quehacer de las Ciencias Sociales.
La Psicología como instrumento de dominio moderno
Authors: Espinoza Betancourt Enrique
Published: August 2018

Al igual que las demás ciencias sociales, la psicología puede ser leída como una disciplina que colabora con el mantenimiento de la dominación estructural que ejerce el sistema de poder en que estamos situados. Atendiendo a sus especificidades, la ciencia psicológica cumple roles normativos que ayudan a definir lo que puede ser considerado normal o no, en la medida en que se es coherente con los postulados programáticos y estratégicos de dicho sistema. Autores como Foucault y Habermas nos ayudan a develar estas funciones legitimantes, visualizando en qué medida corresponden a lineamientos propios del dominio moderno.