bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wiktor Steffen i jego Słownik warmiński
Authors: Sobolewska Katarzyna
Published: February 2017

The paper presents Słownik warmiński of Wiktor Steffen as an unique work of the Polish dialect lexicography. It shows also the figures of the author and his brother Augustyn who rendered great service in research of the culture of Warmia. It discusses the editorial principles of the dictionary and its rich content. It relates to the charges of the first critics of the vocabulary. The paper treats Słownik warmiński as a personal, subjective work strongly influenced by the biography of the author – autochthon. It presents the different ways of use the content in the dialectological studies on multi-volume Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur conducting in the Institute of the Polish Language in the Polish Academy of Science (IJP PAN).
Kategoria Innego jako element dyskursu tożsamościowego w średniopolskich katalogach władców – perspektywa krzyża
Authors: Hawrysz Magdalena
Published: February 2017

This sketch concerns the notions of groups that were considered aliens by the old Poles. Methodologically the work remains in the circle of ethnolinguistic research. The analysis uses the tools developed by the theory of linguistic image of the world. Material has been excerpted from 4 catalogs of rulers created in the period from the seventeenth to the eighteenth century. In the observed catalogs, there are three points of view, from the perspective of which the alien is categorized; these are the optics of a sword, cross, crown. The reconstruction of the infidels’ image in the article is carried out in the context of the functions this category plays in the era of shaping and preservation of national identity in a multi-ethnic and multi-religious country.
Poverty and Trends in Three Common Chronic Disorders
Authors: Pulcini Christian D. , Zima Bonnie T. , Kelleher Kelly J. , Houtrow Amy J.
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVES:

For asthma, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the objectives were to (1) describe the percent increases in prevalence and comorbidity and how these vary by poverty status, and (2) examine the extent to which poverty status is a predictor of higher than average comorbid conditions.

METHODS:

Secondary analyses of the National Survey of Children’s Health for years 2003, 2007, and 2011–2012 were conducted to identify trends in parent reported lifetime prevalence and comorbidity among children with asthma, ADHD, and ASD and examine variation by sociodemographic characteristics, poverty status, and insurance coverage. Using 2011–2012 data, multivariable regression was used to examine whether poverty status predicted higher than average comorbid conditions after adjusting for other sociodemographic characteristics.

RESULTS:

Parent-reported lifetime prevalence of asthma and ADHD rose 18% and 44%, respectively, whereas the lifetime prevalence of ASD rose almost 400% (from 0.5% to 2%). For asthma, the rise was most prominent among the poor at 25.8%. For ADHD, the percent change by poverty status was similar (<100% federal poverty level [FPL]: 43.20%, 100% to 199% FPL: 52.38%, 200% to 399% FPL: 43.67%), although rise in ASD was associated with being nonpoor (200% to 399% FPL: 43.6%, ≥400% FPL: 36.0%). Publicly insured children with asthma, ADHD, and ASD also had significantly higher odds (1.9×, 1.6×, 3.0×, respectively) of having higher than average comorbidities.

CONCLUSIONS:

Poverty status differentially influenced parent-reported lifetime prevalence and comorbidities of these target disorders. Future research is needed to examine parent and system-level characteristics that may further explain poverty’s variable impact.
Guidance on Completing a Written Allergy and Anaphylaxis Emergency Plan
Authors: Wang Julie , Sicherer Scott H. ,   SECTION ON ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Matsui Elizabeth , Abramson Stuart , Dinakar Chitra , Irani Anne-Marie , Kim Jennifer S. , Mahr Todd A. , Pistiner Michael , Wang Julie
Published: February 2017

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed September 12, 2023.

Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening, severe allergic reaction. The immediate assessment of patients having an allergic reaction and prompt administration of epinephrine, if criteria for anaphylaxis are met, promote optimal outcomes. National and international guidelines for the management of anaphylaxis, including those for management of allergic reactions at school, as well as several clinical reports from the American Academy of Pediatrics, recommend the provision of written emergency action plans to those at risk of anaphylaxis, in addition to the prescription of epinephrine autoinjectors. This clinical report provides information to help health care providers understand the role of a written, personalized allergy and anaphylaxis emergency plan to enhance the care of children at risk of allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. This report offers a comprehensive written plan, with advice on individualizing instructions to suit specific patient circumstances.
A bounding surface compression model with a unified virgin line for saturated and unsaturated soils
Authors: Gallipoli D. , Bruno A. W.
Published: February 2017

The paper presents a bounding surface model that describes the gradual yielding of unsaturated soils subjected to isotropic loads. The model originates from consideration of the capillary bonding between soil grains, which leads to the definition of a ‘unified normal compression line’ that is valid in both saturated and unsaturated conditions. This line has the same slope and intercept of the saturated normal compression line but is formulated in terms of a ‘scaled stress’ variable, which takes into account the mechanical effect of capillarity by factoring the average skeleton stress (also known as Bishop's stress) with a power function of degree of saturation. The normal compression behaviour of unsaturated soils is therefore described by only one additional parameter, which is the exponent of the degree of saturation in the scaled stress expression. For overconsolidated soils, the occurrence of gradual yielding is introduced by assuming that, as the soil state moves towards the unified normal compression line, the slope of the loading curve tends towards the slope of the unified normal compression line according to an expression requiring only one extra parameter. Interestingly, this expression can be integrated in a closed form to provide a general equation for all loading paths in saturated and unsaturated conditions. Different loading curves are simply distinguished by the different values of the integration constants. Unloading paths are also simulated in a similar way. The proposed model requires a total of five parameters, which include the three standard parameters for saturated soils (i.e. the slope and intercept of the saturated normal compression line and the slope of the swelling line) plus one parameter to describe unsaturated behaviour and one parameter to describe the gradual yielding of overconsolidated soils subjected to loading.
Evaluating the shear bond strength between old and new concrete through a new test method
Authors: Chilwesa Masuzyo , Minelli Fausto , Reggia Adriano , Plizzari Giovanni
Published: February 2017

The interface between new concrete (overlay) and old concrete (substrate) plays an important role in the overall success of any repair. A good bond ensures long-term durability and monolithic action (i.e. the overlay contributes to both the stiffness and load-carrying capacity). Research has shown that the substrate roughness, which is highly dependent on the surface preparation method, has an influence on the interface bond strength, though there is no consensus on the extent of this effect. Thus, through a new bond test, an experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effect of substrate roughness on bond strength, also considering the effect of overlay strength. In addition, the possible consequence of roughness on interface ductility was evaluated. The results indicate an increase in bond strength with an increase in surface roughness, although the resulting increase in ductility with surface roughness was more pronounced. The strength of the overlay was also found to be an important parameter for smooth substrates or substrates with low roughness.
Effect of electroless Ni plating on the properties of cold-sprayed Ni–Al2O3 coatings
Authors: Upadhyaya Rohit , Tailor Satish , Shrivastava Sharad , Gladkova Aleksandra A. , Modi Suresh Chand
Published: February 2017

This study investigated the effect of electroless nickel (Ni) plating (Np) on the properties of cold-sprayed nickel–alumina (Al2O3) coatings. To develop this two-layered coating system, nickel–alumina powder coating was first deposited by the cold spraying method on a mild steel substrate. Then, electroless Np was deposited on the as-sprayed nickel–alumina coating. The coating properties of the as-sprayed nickel–alumina coating and of the two-layered Np/nickel–alumina system were critically examined. The microstructural evolution was analysed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In order to study possible changes in the mechanical properties of the system, Vickers microhardness experiments on the coatings and on the cross-sections were conducted. A possible improvement in the microhardness (14%) of the system was found after Np. Further, the corrosion behavior of the coating system was also studied critically. It was observed that the corrosion resistance of the Np/nickel–alumina coating system significantly improved and no corrosion effects and crack generation were observed at the substrate–coating interface.
Working for the Crown: German Migrants and Britain's Commercial Success in the Early Eighteenth-Century American Colonies
Authors: O'Reilly William
Published: February 2017

Working for the Crown: German Migrants and Britain's Commercial Success in the Early Eighteenth-century American Colonies

Relaxation in the movement of foreigners into Britain and the origins of the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act of 1708 (7 Ann c 5) have been seen to lie in the arrival of religious refugees in England and the unsuitability of existing legislation to accommodate large numbers of foreigners. This paper proposes that trade and commercial interests in the American colonies promoted the cause of naturalisation by inciting German migration, causing Parliament to relax access to the domestic labour market and crucially allow German labour to be trafficked to the colonies. Reform was dictated by the needs of commerce and colonial enterprise, not just by politicians, courtiers and bureaucrats in London. The passing of the Naturalization Act (1708) and the subsequent General Naturalization Act (1709) both took advantage of European warfare and economic destruction, and were a direct response to the colonial needs to source continental labour. The Acts owed much to colonial Americans like Carolina Governor John Archdale who, like his co-religionist neighbour William Penn, acted in the interest of commerce and the colonial classes, broadening the base of non-Anglican access to the colonies. Opportunities afforded to German migrants in the American colonies, in particular, grew from this signal legislative change.
Safeguarding a «Civilization in Crisis»: La Revue Universelle's Conceptualization of Western Civilization and its Renewal,1920–1935
Authors: Shurts Sarah
Published: February 2017

Safeguarding a : La Revue Universelle's Conceptualization of Western Civilization and its Renewal, 1920-1935

This article contributes to a comparative study of the «Conservative Revolution» in Europe by exploring the French journal Revue Universelle in the 1920s and the early 1930s. Led by Henri Massis, Jacques Bainville and Jacques Maritain, the intellectuals contributing to the journal developed a unique cultural politics that evoked the decadence and decline of Western civilization under the forces of modernity, and called for the defence and renewal of this civilization through revitalised conservative values of Catholicism, authoritative leadership, elitism, and a return to the spiritual sources of Western culture. However, while the Revue Universelle team intentionally cultivated a pan-European scope for their journal and promoted its cultural politics as a common language for all European conservatives, their aim was compromised by their francocentric and germanophobic conceptualisation of the West and civilization.
The problem of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in asthmatic patients
Authors: Sheludko E G , Naumov D E , Perelman Yu M , Kolosov V P
Published: February 2017

Asthma and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases. These have common risk factors that include obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and impaired nasal breathing (allergic rhinitis, sinusitis). At the same time, experimental evidence demonstrates common pathophysiological mechanisms of these diseases, such as involvement in the process of the respiratory tract, a systemic inflammatory response, and implementation of neuromechanical reflexes. Thus, there is an obvious synergism between these conditions, which affects symptoms, response to therapy, and prognosis. The available data allow discussion on whether there is a need to identify and treat OSAS in asthmatic patients. By keeping in mind the high incidence of OSAS in patients with severe asthma, it may be suggested that treatment for OSAS can reduce the number of exacerbations, improve the quality of life, and decline the number of obstinate asthma cases. It is very important for general practitioners to assess risk factors, such as body weight, nasal stuffiness, and GERD, and to utilize screening tools for more efficient use of healthcare resources. Considering the known positive effects of CPAP therapy in short-term studies, future investigations should focus on the impact of CPAP therapy on asthma symptoms in the long-term, as well as on the effects of asthma drugs on the course of OSAS.
Involvement of the hepatobiliary system and pancreas in obesity
Authors: Akhmedov V A , Gaus O V
Published: February 2017

The article provides an overview of current views on the involvement of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas in patients with overweight and obesity. It considers the general issues of the pathogenesis of these conditions, their clinical features and diagnostic methods.
Diagnosis and treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in common clinical practice
Authors: Lebedeva N V , Zamergrad M V , Parfenov V A , Antonenko L M
Published: February 2017

Aim. To analyze typical medical practice in managing patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Subjects and methods. 33 patients (5 men and 28 women; mean age, 58 years) with BPPV who had been referred for consultation to the Medical Diagnostic Department, Clinic of Nervous Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, regarding for vertigo, were examined. Information about the disease before visiting the clinic, such as the duration of vertigo, its pattern, and triggers, previously established diagnoses, prescribed treatment and its efficacy, concomitant diseases, was analyzed. Results. BPPV was not timely diagnosed in 93.9% of cases. The cause of vertigo was most commonly mistakenly assumed to be cerebrovascular disease (66.6%) and cervical spine pathology (15.1%). During a primary examination, none of the patients underwent positional tests (otoneurological examination) that formed the basis for the diagnosis of BPPV. Alternatively, 90.3% of cases underwent instrumental examination: magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, X-ray of the cervical spine, and ultrasonic duplex scanning of the brachiocephalic arteries. Ineffective diagnosis led to the choice of nonoptimal treatment tactics: instead of therapeutic repositioning maneuvers (RM), the patients received therapy with drugs, such as various vasoactive agents (84.8%), nootropic and chondroprotective drugs (12%), or muscle relaxants (9.1%). After BPPV was detected, all patients underwent curative RM, which resulted in regression of the disease. One-year follow-up of the patients showed that the therapeutic effect of RM persisted. Conclusion. Lack of effective and timely diagnosis of BPPV reflects physicians’ poor awareness that this condition is the most common cause of vestibular vertigo. The role of vascular and cervicogenic factors in the development of vertigo is overestimated. Most patients with BPPV undergo unreasonable examinations and receive ineffective treatment. It is necessary to raise awareness of BPPV among of physicians and to set up specialized centers for the management of patients with dizziness.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with mesenteric teratoma
Authors: Ntanishyan K I , Sabirov K R , Shcherbakova O V , Vybornykh D E , Shupletsova I A , Tsvetaeva N V
Published: February 2017

The paper describes a case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) in a 27-year-old woman whose examination revealed mesenteric teratoma. AIHA was characterized by a hypertensive crisis and a temporary response to corticosteroid therapy that was complicated by the development of somatogenic psychosis and discontinued. A relapse of hemolysis developed 6 months later. The patient underwent laparoscopic splenectomy and removal of mesenteric root teratoma. Immediately after surgery, a hematological response was obtained as relief of hemolysis and restoration of a normal hemoglobin level. There is a sustained remission of AIHA for the next 16 months.
Myocardial fibrosis: Current aspects of the problem
Authors: Karetnikova V N , Kashtalap V V , Kosareva S N , Barbarash O L
Published: February 2017

Fibrosis is one of the main components in the progression of most cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, by causing structural changes in the myocardium and vascular wall. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of fibrosis of the myocardium are responsible for decreasing its elastic properties, developing diastolic dysfunction, impairing myocardial contractility, developing systolic dysfunction and cardiac arrhythmias, and worsening coronary blood flow in patients with heart failure of different etiologies. The important aspect of studying fibrosis is not only its interpretation as a model of the typical pathological process, but also its consideration as a systemic lesion of various organs and tissues. At the same time, the identification of myocardial fibrosis biomarkers that are available for their determination in circulating blood is of particular interest. Since there was evidence for the role of fibrosis in developing dysfunction of various organs and ensuring the systematicity of most diseases, especially at their development stages, the process of fibrosis came to be regarded as a promising therapeutic target. It is relevant to further investigate myocardial fibrosis, which is aimed at increasing the efficiency of its diagnosis and predicting its course and pathogenetically sound therapy.
Algorithm for the management of patients with stable coronary artery disease and high-grade ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Ryngach Е А , Treshkur T V , Tatarinova A A , Shlyakhto E V
Published: February 2017

The paper gives an original algorithm for the management of patients with stable coronary artery disease, preserved/moderately reduced left ventricular systolic function, and high-grade ventricular arrhythmias from the first registration of the latter to the choice of treatment policy. Great attention is paid to the assessment of a private clinical case, by determining the nature of arrhythmias, and to the involvement of autonomic regulation in the genesis of ventricular arrhythmias. The importance of topical diagnosis of ventricular arrhythmias and identification of psychological disorders is emphasized. Diagnostic problems are solved in a step-by-step fashion using up-to-date techniques. The key point of the algorithm proposed is to prevent sudden cardiac death.
Vague Language and Its Social Role
Authors: Alkhatnai Mubarak
Published: February 2017

Vague language in other words denotes phrases and words that are neither exact nor precise. People often use these phrases in cases where they are not sure about something, to save time during a conversation, and to speak informally but in a manner that is friendly. The use of language shapes peoples’ understanding of their social world (Adjoa, 2007). The use of vague language varies per culture and it is paramount for the speaker to attempt to learn language in the new culture he or she is in as that would help them know how native speakers of that language use vague expressions. Additionally, it would be prudent for a user of vague language to appreciate the new culture in which they live as that would help them understand the vague expression etiquette of that particular culture. Additionally, it is becoming evident that reporters and scholars have started adopting the use of vague language in order to drive their messages home, and this approach has been received positively.
A Survey of English Teacher Professional Development in Southeastern Chongqing Minority Schools: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Lu Yan , Zhang Weichuan , Wu Xianyou
Published: February 2017

This paper aims to explore the existing problems and solutions of English teachers’ professional development in some minority schools of Southeastern Chongqing from such aspects as professional knowledge, professional competence and emotional attitude. By questionnaires and individual interviews, research group has found some major problems like, nonstandard pronunciation, lack of theoretical basis, inadequate cultural knowledge, and insufficient scientific research ability. After analyzing those possible reasons, this paper provides some solutions: improving teachers’ pronunciation, growing teacher’s cultural awareness, strengthening teachers’ linguistic and teaching theories, and offering some practical training programs.
Cognitive Interpretation of Online Catchwords and Catch-styles
Authors: Duan Youguo
Published: February 2017

By taking the wide-spreading catch-words and catch-styles on the internet as examples, this paper discusses the developing procedures and laws of network catch-styles, that is, the processes of coming into being, becoming popular, being imitated, generalization, abrasion and disappearing. At the same time, through combining the relating cognitive capability, process of getting-to-know and the cognitive laws of human beings, the corresponding mechanisms of appearing, understanding, spreading and metonymy are included in the catch-styles and its possible social functions are also verified in the paper.
The Effects of Input and Output Tasks on the Learning and Retention of EAP Vocabulary
Authors: Shirzad Maryam , Rasekh Abbass Eslami , Dabaghi Azizollah
Published: February 2017

Research on the effects of task type and task sequence mode has claimed that these instructions facilitate word learning. However, so far all the research has been carried out on general vocabulary. To help close this research gap, the current study investigates the effect of task type and task sequence modes on EAP vocabulary learning and retention. To this end 45 lower-intermediate EFL learners were selected from a whole population pool of 110 based on an OPT placement test. A pretest, post test, and delayed post test was devised to compare different   intervention types for teaching EAP vocabulary. The results showed equal effects for all groups in the post test and   delayed post test. It was concluded that all types of instructions were a promising intervention for EAP vocabulary   learning and retention.
Application of Task-based Instruction to College English Reading Teaching for Non-English Majors in Leshan Normal University, Sichuan, China
Authors: Zhou Ye
Published: February 2017

First raised in 1980s, Task-based Instruction (TBI) is an effective teaching method advocated by many foreign language researchers, focusing on the use of authentic language and on asking students to do various kinds of meaningful tasks through the target language. Based on a study carried out in Leshan Normal University, the writer proves that the application of TBI to college English reading teaching can greatly intrigue non-English majors, help them build their self-confidence in English study, cultivate their sense of cooperation in the process of carrying out classroom activities and tasks with their classmates and thus to improve non-English majors’ reading ability. In addition, some suggestions to TBI are also presented for further studies.
Fear and Architecture Analytical study on Islamic religious buildings
Authors: Tayib Abdullah , Amin Khanda
Published: February 2017

In terms of general aspect, this research examines the role of the fear factor in shaping architecture, and determine the relationship between fear and architecture and the impact on each other, this is done by determining the type of possible relationships between fear and architecture, identifying the sources of fear that formed the architecture, identifying moral and physical aspects of fear and its indicators in architecture, also to identify mechanisms that are a reaction aspects towards fear ( mechanisms to achieve security and safety ). As for the specific aspect this research is studying the sense of fear in the Islamic religious buildings.

The thesis addresses the relationship through two main sections, the first section of the study is the general concept of fear, and then study the relationship between fear and architecture by identifying types and levels of fear and its impact on architecture, while the second section of the thesis is to apply indicators concluded in hypothetical study on a range of selected local and international projects of mosques and shrines and then determine the final conclusions, which is the sense of fear ( fear and dread ) in Islamic religious buildings.
The Fourth Dimension The Space, Rhythm, and Time in the interior Design
Authors: Tayib Abdullah , Issa Naram
Published: February 2017

The Interior spaces are the essential requirements of comfort for human; they interact strongly with all the requirements which provide the basic factors that the human pursue in choosing a certain space within a set of spaces. The human interacts with the space in which he spend most times of his days, so it is supposed that the movement be the assistant factor which provides the wright and successful pathways that work on the connecting between the interaction points in order to generate the secondary times which being added to the total time. Because of the importance of this subject the research chose the relationship between rhythm and time as a final product for all the events that take place in the interior space, the research problem appears which is represented by (the lack of knowledge with respect to the design characteristics and the perceptions of the recipient in the Interior spaces;) It is possible to formulate the assumption study sample default with respect to the interior spaces by the following main hypothesis “The design characteristics represented by the elements and principles forming the interior spaces which effect on the recipient’s perception to form a set of the visual scenes and events that arrange in accordance with the principle of rhythm affecting on the time factor in those spaces.” And the aim of research represents by” finding the relationship between the interior spaces and the fourth dimension represented by the time”.
Originality in Urban Personality An Analytical Study for the Role of Transformation to Authenticate the Urban Form- Iraq-Kurdistan Region as a Case Study
Authors: Faraj Raz
Published: February 2017

The urban product carries the personal characters of communities that have been inhabited in. it is supposed to reveal their principles and values. So the urban form that reflects this character honestly to the recipient, it must be described as an original product, reflecting the present and integrated with the past.

Many studies deal with Originality in different fields: philosophical and architectural, they deal with it as a way of creativity, new expressing for an old product, a new vision to the past, but it does not block in the old rigid frames. transformation is one of the essential signs of this period, the period of Globalization when we front informational, technological and economical transformations, in which all seem as reasons for expatriation and discontinuity with the roots and as challenges against originality. The studies showed an argument in limiting the relationship between originality and community personality and its relation with city’s personality and transformations impact in the city’s personality, therefore there is an urgent need to understand and consider all those challenges and re-evaluate existing and to put foundation and criteria, and to define the authentication or originality mechanisms and how to achieve that in the renewal projects in order to control the revitalization process toward the originality of the urban character.
The effect of visual penetration in the design of heritage Islamic house at Sulaimani city , in (1900-1940)
Authors: Tayib Abdullah , Saleh Kani
Published: February 2017

The traditional housing at Sulaimanyah city belongs to the 2nd half of the 19thcentury, These house were responded with the climate requirements, habits, social traditions and economic conditions. these were formed as extension for the past periods by using the architectural elements and constructions materials . The interior court House with inside direction house was the famous prevalence form, we realize closing for the outside in the interior court and opening to outside by using special treatment which were developed with time. All these changes and evolved treatments were done without documentation it or studied or take the knowledge about the purpose of doing it from those objectives our research started to study visual penetration treatments bases and types. The theory study part intake Studying planning of the traditional house, the house planning elements, visual penetration concept, classification houses unit according to visual penetration effects, privacy concept, the aim of privacy and clarify the rules for inquiring the privacy and prevent the visual penetration in the Islamic traditional house. According to these data we started the practical study by using analyses on the elected samples that represented from the research time (1900–1940), the analyses was done by using the Graphic Form and collecting the results at special table and finding the final conclusions and giving the recommendations that assimilate the mechanisms and the Types of the Treatments.
The Influence of Deviation Concept in the Structure of Architectural Form Applying Jean Cohen's Model of Deviation in Architecture
Authors: Tayib Abdullah , Othman Nizar
Published: February 2017

The study traces the theory of Deviation (L'écart) by Jean Cohen, trying to apply it in architecture, highlighting its role in making changes in the form structure, to reach the nature of Deviations in Architecture. This study falls under the framework of shedding light on the nature of the Deviation Concept, its types and levels, and identifying its work mechanisms in language and its association with the concepts of poetics and stylistics and its manifestation in poetry, in an attempt to investigate its influence in the structure of Architectural Form .

For the purpose of reaching the mechanisms of Deviation in architecture, it was necessary to study the structure of Architecture from, to understand the relationship between language grammar and architecture, concluding some important indicators for the practical part of the study, by focusing on analyzing some selected samples of Classical, Romantic, and Symbolic architecture, for the purpose of achieving the research aim on finding what corresponds to Jean Cohen's model of Deviation in architecture.

The research has concluded that the mechanisms of Deviation which affect the structure of poetic language as per Cohen's model, are viable and affect the structure of architectural form, regardless the style, the movement, or the time it belongs to, and the representations of the concept were found in the classical, romantic, and symbolic architecture in varying rates, and that the semantic level or rhetorical side is one of the poetics components, which correspond to inspiration and substitutive relationships in architecture.
Effect of Impactor Design on Unidirectional and Woven fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Ahmed Payman
Published: February 2017

Since impact damage resistance is such an important property for composite materials, this research is devoted to study the effect of impactor design on the impact properties of epoxy composites reinforced with unidirectional glass, unidirectional carbon, woven glass and hybrid woven (glass + carbon) fibers . This research shows changing the impactor design have no effect on impact properties of woven reinforced composites while it has a significant effect on unidirectional fiber reinforced composites, impact damage behavior of woven composites is in the form of indentation and perforation while the behavior is matrix cracking and splits along the fiber direction and fracture for unidirectional fiber reinforced composites under impact loading and finally Glass fiber reinforced composites have a better impact properties than carbon reinforced composites.
Study Corrosion Behavior of Alumina Particulate / (AA6061) Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite In Marine Environment
Authors: Abdulkader Niveen , Ahmed Payman , Jabar Mohammed
Published: February 2017

In the present investigation, the static electrochemical corrosion behaviour of (AA6061) Al/Al2O3 composites in Marine (3.5% NaCl) Environment solution was evaluated. The composites were fabricated using liquid metallurgy. The effect of weight percentage (3%, 6%, 9% & 12%) on the corrosion behaviour of composites was investigated. The corrosion rates of composites were calculated using electrochemical method. The results showed that Al/Al2O3 composites have lower corrosion resistance than (AA6061) Aluminium.

The corrosion rate was increased by increasing of weight percentage of the alumina particles. Optical microscope were carried out to identify the corroded surface
Assessing the Optimum Proportion of Outdoor Spaces of Educational Sites, College of Engineering in Erbil City as a Case Study
Authors: Almumar Mohammed , Mzoori Faris
Published: February 2017

Many of Outdoor spaces (OS)s in the local existing educational institutional sites are narrow or wide, of inefficient degree of enclosure (DOE) and of reduced performance. Optimum proportion of OS in this paper is one that can ensure efficient performance of both the surrounding buildings and the OS itself, and also ensure minimum consumption of land, energy and material. DOE of OS in previous literature is associated only to the proportion of OS itself, whereas (DOE) in this paper is associated to other parameters in addition to proportion. They are; pattern of object configuration, permeability of vision of enclosing surfaces, and ambient environment. This paper attempts to establish a relationship between the DOE with the mentioned parameters, and to determine the optimum proportions of campus OSs for various uses. The site of the college of engineering in Salahiddin University is chosen as a case study to measure and record paper parameters with the help of a checklist. DOE evaluation of OS as a perceived performance is measured by the users for these OSs within a questionnaire. Results of this paper deduced the design criteria of the pattern and proportion of the physical objects forming the OS, that are capable to ensure anthropomorphic, healthy, sparing land consumption, and expedient outdoor environment for future campus developments.
An investigation into the Accuracy of Distance Measurements to an object with the Pulse (Non-Prism) Total Station
Authors: Ali Sami
Published: February 2017

In order to achieve the results that meet the specifications of a given project, like engineering surveys (e. g., Surveying of Buildings) , the knowledge of the reliability and accuracy of the surveying equipment is inevitable. The reflectorless total stations are used nowadays for several applications in civil engineering work due to their highly accurate , easy and fast measurements in an automated measuring process. The present paper investigates the accuracy and limits for prismless instrument Total Station especially in relation to observations with large (horizontal and/or vertical) angle of incidence to the reflecting surface , its colours and types, and beam divergence of the measuring signal. This study has been carried out with various surveying field tests by prism and prismless modes, using the pulse (non-prism) TOPCON GPT-2006 Total Station to evaluate the limitations and accuracy of this instrument in surveying the buildings (distance measurements).

The current study has confirmed that while observations at right angles to an object ( building) are generally well within manufacturer specifications (σ=±10 mm), observations to surfaces of a building from a position that is not at right angles to the surface of the building ( signal beam) can introduce errors.

Also , this study suggests that the angle of incidence of the measuring signal to the building points ( external and internal corners and wall surface points) has a large influence on the accuracy of that measurement. It is recommended to use horizontal angle of incidence for measuring the detail survey points between (-36 to + 36) degrees from the normal. Also, in case of measurements to a vertical surface, the maximum measured vertical angles of incidence was about forty degrees when using prismatic observations and fifty degrees for reflector less measurements. Some surveying techniques and recommendations are suggested to overcome these problems. Moreover, a good understanding of the non-prism instrument is required to get the required accuracy of the project. When using other total station equipment, the results of the current study can be used as a general guide only. The results of the current practical field experiments, computations and analysis of these tests using various calculations and least squares theory and computer programs (Excel and AutoCAD 2010) are also presented in digital and/or graphical forms.
Shear Strength and Behavior of High Strength Reinforced Concrete Beams without Stirrups
Authors: Saeed Jalal , Abubaker Abbas
Published: February 2017

This paper presents test results of twelve high strength reinforced concrete (HSRC) beams without stirrups which were tested to investigate their shear strength and behavior under loading. The shear behavior, ultimate load-carrying capacity, and mode of failure are presented. The applicability the ACI 318M-11, Modified Zsutty, and Sudheer et al, the influences of shear span to effective depth ratio (a/d) and compressive strength (fc') on their shear strength are also presented. It is found that, In general, with increasing each of compressive strength and (a/d) ratio the failure loads and consequently the shear strength of the beams didn't increase significantly. It is also found that ACI 318 M-11 overestimates for some test results (unsafe) while Sudheer et al equation underestimates for all test results excessively. However, Modified Zsutty equation underestimates the tested values for all the tested beams and could estimate shear capacity satisfactorily within a reasonable factor of safety. A regression equation was proposed and it was found to be more reliable and safe in predicting shear strength of high strength reinforced concrete beams.
The impact of legislation in the urban architectural identity - Salem Street in the Sulaymaniyah city as a case study
Authors: Hassan Niaz
Published: February 2017

Most countries suffering in the world of the problem of pluralism in the aspects of architecture, and since the architecture is the physical product of human thought and human thought is changing, so the architecture reflects all the intellectual changes, and is a form of architectural virtual aspect of the architecture and the body most Highlighting the expression of architectural identity, where not can read architectural identity and a clear and distinct in the local architecture in the city of Sulaymaniyah by the shapes and exotic elements and random and non-correlated in architectural facades in the local architecture, Since the urban the urban legislation that have been developed for the organization and construction of architecture in the city have been altered and changed more than a dozen times since 2000 has affected in architectural form of local architecture and is one of the most important reasons for this phenomenon, and this vocabulary was the main topic in this research, especially urban legislation prevailing in the city and how to apply them in the local architecture, the results showed that the comprehensiveness of the instructions for the granting of licenses buildings and non-entry into the architectural details of the general qualities of identity architectural and how to carry out those instructions and follow-up by the municipality have a profound impact in the phenomenon of pluralism and indiscriminate in architecture.
RECOVERY OF GOLD FROM E WASTE
Authors: Al Balushi Mona , Kaithari Dinesh K
Published: February 2017

E waste production in great amounts and its problems, which challenge the field of waste and environment management stem from the increase in the production of electronic appliances, diversity seeking consumers and perishable products. The disposal of e waste into the environment is hazardous as they contain chemicals. The conventional methods of disposing these e wastes are irrelevant and have an adverse effect on the environmental conditions which is threat to life. Gold is one of the precious metals that can be extracted from the e waste. The present work aim to extract gold from e waste by aqua regia solution based hydro metallurgy method which includes a sequence of process that starts from the treatment of the e waste in HCL solution and ends up with the use of fire assaying technology to get the piece of gold. The outcome of the project successful with 0.05395gm of 23.76 karat and 99.01 % purity of gold extracted. X ray method is used to check the purity and karat of the gold.
Enhancement of non-specific immune response, resistance and growth of (Litopenaeus vannamei) by oral administration of nucleotide
Authors: Manoppo Henky , Sukenda . , Djokosetiyanto Daniel , Sukadi Mochamad Fatuchri , Harris Enang
Published: February 2017

This research evaluated the nonspecific immune responsse, resistance, and growth of Litopenaeus vannamei fed nucleotide diet. Shrimp juveniles (mean weight 5.39±0.56 g) were reared in two groups of glass aquaria, each with three replications. Shrimps in group one and group two were fed nucleotide diet and basal diet each for four weeks. Total haemocyte count (THC) and PO activity were evaluated at the end of feeding while growth was measured at two weeks interval. At the end of feeding trial, the shrimps were intramuscularly injected with Vibrio harveyi 0.1x106 cfu.shrimp-1. THC of shrimp fed nucleotide diet significantly increased (P<0.01) up to 87% higher than shrimps fed basal diet. PO activity also different significantly as compared to shrimp fed basal diet (P<0.02) 14 days post-challenge, shrimp fed nucleotide diet showed higher resistance (P<0.01). After 4 weeks of feeding, weight gain achieved 65.38% greater than shrimp fed basal diet (P<0.01). As conclusion, oral administration of nucleotide at 400 mg.kg-1 diet showed positive effect on the enhancement of nonspecific immune responsse, resistance, and growth of L. vannamei. 

Key words: Litopenaeus vannamei, nucleotide, THC, PO activity, resistance

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi respons imun non-spesifik dan resistensi udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang diberi pakan nukleotida.  Juvenil (5,39±0,56 g) dipelihara dalam dua kelompok akuarium kaca masing-masing dengan 3 ulangan.  Udang dalam dalam kelompok pertama diberi pakan nukleotida sedangkan udang dalam kelompok kedua diberi pakan standar selama 4 minggu. Total haemocyte count (THC) dan aktivitas phenoloxidase (PO) diukur pada akhir pemberian pakan sedangkan pertumbuhan udang diukur setiap dua minggu. Pada akhir periode pemberian pakan perlakuan, udang diuji tantang secara injeksi intramuskular dengan bakteri Vibrio harveyi 0,1x106 cfu.udang-1. THC udang yang diberi pakan nukleotida meningkat secara signifikan (P<0,01) mencapai 87% lebih tinggi dari udang yang diberi pakan standar.  Aktivitas PO udang yang diberi pakan nukleotida juga berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan udang yang hanya diberi pakan standar (P<0,02). Empat belas  hari setelah uji tantang, udang yang diberi pakan nukleotida memiliki resistensi yang lebih tinggi (P<0,01). Setelah 4 minggu pemberian pakan, perolehan berat mencapai 65,38% lebih besar (P<0,01) dibandingkan dengan udang yang hanya diberi pakan standar. Sebagai kesimpulan, pemberian secara oral nukleotida pada level 400 mg.kg-1 pakan selama 4 minggu memberi pengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan respons imun non-spesifik, resistensi dan pertumbuhan udang vaname.

Kata kunci: Litopenaeus vannamei, nukleotida, THC, aktivitas PO, resistensi
System Identification of a Heaving Point Absorber: Design of Experiment and Device Modeling
Authors: Bacelli Giorgio , Coe Ryan , Patterson David , Wilson David
Published: February 2017

Empirically based modeling is an essential aspect of design for a wave energy converter. These models are used in structural, mechanical and control design processes, as well as for performance prediction. The design of experiments and methods used to produce models from collected data have a strong impact on the quality of the model. This study considers the system identification and model validation process based on data collected from a wave tank test of a model-scale wave energy converter. Experimental design and data processing techniques based on general system identification procedures are discussed and compared with the practices often followed for wave tank testing. The general system identification processes are shown to have a number of advantages. The experimental data is then used to produce multiple models for the dynamics of the device. These models are validated and their performance is compared against one and other. While most models of wave energy converters use a formulation with wave elevation as an input, this study shows that a model using a hull pressure sensor to incorporate the wave excitation phenomenon has better accuracy.
An optoelectronic equivalent narrowband filter for high resolution optical spectrum analysis
Authors: Feng Kunpeng , Cui Jiwen , Dang Hong , Wu Weidong , Sun Xun , Jiang Xuelin , Tan Jiubin
Published: February 2017

To achieve a narrow bandwidth optical filter with a wide swept range for new generation optical spectrum analysis (OSA), an optoelectronic equivalent narrowband filter (OENF) is investigated and a swept optical filter with bandwidth of several MHz and swept range of several ten nanometers is built using electric filters and a swept laser as local oscillator (LO). The principle of OENF is introduced and analysis of OENF system is presented. Two electric filters are optimized to be RBW filters for high and medium spectral resolution application. Both simulations and experiments are conducted to verify OENF principle and results show that power uncertainty is less than 1.2% and spectral resolution can reach 6 MHz. Then, a real-time wavelength calibration system consisting of HCN gas cell and FP etalon is proposed to guarantee a wavelength accuracy of ±0.4 pm at C-band and to reduce the influence of phase noise and nonlinear velocity of swept LO. Finally, experiments on OSA of actual spectra of various optical sensors using OENF system are conducted. Experimental results indicate that OENF system has an excellent capacity in analysis of fine spectrum structures.