bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobile Spatial Statistics Key to Enhancing Healthcare Planning in Futaba County with Complex Population Flows after the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Higuchi Asaka , Yoshimura Hiroki , Saito Hiroaki , Abe Toshiki , Murakami Michio , Zhao Tianchen , Amir Isamu , Ito Naomi , Yamamoto Chika , Nonaka Saori , Sawano Toyoaki , Shimada Yuki , Ozaki Akihiko , Oikawa Tomoyoshi , Tsubokura Masaharu
Published: May 2024

After the Great East Japan Earthquake, planning the appropriate allocation of healthcare resources is crucial. However, accurately estimating the medical care demand was challenging due to the substantial population fluctuations caused by extensive evacuations. This study employs mobile spatial statistics using NTT DoCoMo’s mobile phone data to conduct a detailed temporal and spatial population estimation (PE) in Futaba County from 2019 to 2020. Originally a complete evacuation zone, the area saw a partially lifted evacuation order. The suitability of the estimated population data for calculating emergency transport (ET) rates was also examined. Our findings reveal that day-to-night population ratios were significantly high in some areas; in Okuma Town and Futaba Town, the daytime population was substantially larger than the nighttime population throughout the two years, with the median day/night population ratio being more than three for both weekdays and weekends. Additionally, sex-age-adjusted ET rates in the study area, based on the estimated population, were more consistent with the national average than those calculated based on census data. This study demonstrates the critical role of PE considering temporal changes in enhancing healthcare planning and ensuring that resources are efficiently allocated to meet the evolving needs of communities during recovery periods.
The association between triglyceride-glucose index and its combination with obesity indicators and stroke: CHARLS 2011-2020
Authors: LIANG Weicai , OUYANG Haichun
Published: May 2024

Background
In the Chinese population, limited research has been conducted on the association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and its combination with obesity indicators in relation to stroke and its mortality.
Methods
This study enrolled a total of 8,207 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011–2020. Cox proportional hazards model, restricted cubic spline (RCS) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were employed to examine the association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and its combined obesity-related indicators with stroke and its mortality. Mediation analysis was conducted to explore the mutual potential mediating role of TyG and obesity indicators in the above relationships.
Results
In this study, TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WHtR, and TyG-WC were significantly and positively associated with stroke and its mortality. Restricted cubic spline models revealed nonlinear associations between TyG and TyG-BMI with stroke risk, while TyG-WC and TyG-WHtR demonstrated linear associations with stroke mortality after adjusting for relevant covariates. TyG-WHtR, TyG-BMI and TyG-WC had more robust diagnostic efficacy than TyG for risk of stroke. TyG-WHtR or TyG-WC had the highest diagnostic efficacy for stroke and its mortality (AUC:0. 696, 95% CI 0.677–0.715), slightly higher than the other indicators. Associations between TyG, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR, and TyG-BMI with stroke were found to be stronger among individuals who were ≥ 55 years of age, male. The relationship between TyG and stroke is partially mediated by obesity measures, while the relationship between obesity measures and stroke is partially mediated by TyG.
Conclusion
Compared with the traditional single TyG, the combination of TyG and obesity indicators could improve the prognostic accuracy of stroke mortality, enhance diagnostic efficacy for stroke and its mortality, and uncover additional associations with stroke. These findings carry noteworthy implications for the timely identification of individuals at risk of stroke, and refining risk stratification.
Insights into Medication Adherence among Jordanian Patients with Dyslipidemia: Evaluating Health Literacy, Well-being, and Doctor-Patient Communication
Authors: Barakat Muna , Thiab Samar , Abdulrazzaq Shaymaa B. , Al-Jamal Marah , AlHariri Fotoh , Ammari Rakan Bassam , Mansour Sara , Khatib Sami El , Hallit Souheil , Hosseini Basile , Malaeb Diana , Hosseini Hassan
Published: May 2024

Background
The study aimed to assess medication adherence among Jordanian patients with dyslipidemia, in addition to evaluating the impact of health literacy, health well-being, and doctor-patient communication on medication adherence in this population.
Methods
An observational cross-sectional study was conducted between March to July 2023. A convenient sample of adult Jordanians diagnosed with dyslipidemia was surveyed, by two trained researchers in a tertiary hospital. The study tool consisted of demographic data and several validated scales, including the Lebanese Medication Adherence Scale-14 (LMAS-14), the Doctor-Patient Communication Scale (DPC), the World Health Organization (WHO) well-being index, and the health literacy scale. Scores for each scale were computed, and associations were analyzed using bivariant analysis and linear regression models.
Results
A total of 410 participants were included in the study with a mean age of 58.62 ± 12.11 years. The sample mean score for LMAS-14 was 35.10, the DPC score was 55.77, the WHO-5 well-being index score was 47.53, and the health literacy score was 38.96. Linear regression models showed that older age (B = 0.093, p = 0.049), university education (B = 2.872, p = 0.017), prior surgery (B = 2.317, p = 0.021), medium income level (B = 3.605, p = 0.006), and higher doctor-patient communication scores (B = 0.166, p = 0.003) were associated with higher medication adherence. Conversely, cigarette smoking (B=-3.854, p = 0.001) and having health insurance (B=-2.146, p = 0.039) were linked to lower adherence levels.
Conclusion
Results highlight the intricate interplay of various socio-demographic and clinical factors and their impact on medication adherence. Targeted public health interventions that address socio-demographic conditions, communication quality, and health literacy are pivotal to improved adherence and overall patient outcomes.
Glucose and Glutamine Drive Hepatitis E Virus Replication
Authors: Khan Shaheen , Aggarwal Suruchi , Bhatia Pooja , Yadav Amit Kumar , Kumar Yashwant , Veerapu Naga Suresh
Published: May 2024

Viruses have undergone evolutionary adaptations to tune their utilization of carbon sources, enabling them to extract specific cellular substrates necessary for their replication. The lack of a reliable cell culture system and a small animal model has hampered a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of replication of the genotype 1 hepatitis E virus (HEV). Our recent identification of a replicative ensemble of mutant HEV RNA libraries has allowed us to study the metabolic prerequisites of HEV replication. The initial assessments have revealed increased glucose and glutamine utilization during HEV replication. Inhibition of glycolysis and glycolysis + glutaminolysis have exhibited similar effects in reducing the levels of HEV replication. An integrated analysis of protein-metabolite pathways has suggested that HEV replication markedly altered glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and glutamine-associated metabolic pathways. Cells supporting HEV replication have shown a critical involvement of fructose-6-phosphate and glutamine utilization through hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), stimulating HSP70 expression to facilitate virus replication. Confirmation of the crucial role of HBP in supporting HEV replication comes from observations of mannose utilization and glutamine dependency. Inhibition of glycolysis and HSP70 activity, or knockdown of glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase expression, led to a substantial reduction in HEV RNA and ORF2 expression, accompanied by a significant decrease in HSP70 levels. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that glucose and glutamine play critical roles in facilitating HEV replication.
Using Large Language Models to Better Detect and Handle Software Vulnerabilities and Cyber Security Threats
Authors: Taghavi Seyed Mohammad , Feyzi Farid
Published: May 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools in the domain of software vulnerability and cybersecurity tasks, offering promising capabilities in detecting and handling security threats. This article explores the utilization of LLMs in various aspects of cybersecurity, including vulnerability detection, threat prediction, and automated code repair. We explain the concept of LLMs, highlighting their various applications, and evaluates their effectiveness and challenges through literature review. We explore the effectiveness of various LLMs across different cybersecurity domains, showcasing their proficiency in tasks like malware detection and code summarization. Comparing LLMs to traditional methods, our work highlights their superior performance in identifying vulnerabilities and proposing fixes. Furthermore, we outline the workflow of LLM models, emphasizing their integration into cyber threat detection frameworks and incident response systems. We also discuss complementary methods and tools that enhance LLMs' capabilities, including static and dynamic code analyzers. Additionally, we synthesize findings from previous research, demonstrating how the utilization of LLMs has significantly enhanced productivity in identifying and addressing software vulnerabilities and cybersecurity threats. Finally, the study offers insights into optimizing the implementation of LLMs based on the lessons learned from existing literature.
A streamlined culturomics approach for the human gut microbiota research
Authors: Park Hyunjoon , Yeo Soyoung , Ryu Chang Beom , Huh Chul Sung
Published: May 2024

Bacterial culturomics is a set of techniques to isolate and identify live bacteria from complex microbial ecosystems. Despite its potential to revolutionize microbiome research, bacterial culturomics has significant challenges when applied to human gut microbiome studies due to its labor-intensive nature. Therefore, we established a streamlined culturomics approach with minimal culture conditions for stool sample preincubation. We evaluated the suitability of non-selective medium candidates for maintaining microbial diversity during a 30-day incubation period based on 16S rRNA amplicon analysis. Subsequently, we applied four culture conditions (two preincubation media under an aerobic/anaerobic atmosphere) to isolate gut bacteria on a large scale from eight stool samples of healthy humans. We identified 8,141 isolates, classified into 263 bacterial species, including 12 novel species candidates. Our analysis of cultivation efficiency revealed that seven days of aerobic and ten days of anaerobic incubation captured approximately 91% and 95% of the identified species within each condition, respectively, with a synergistic effect confirmed when selected preincubation media were combined. Moreover, our culturomics findings expanded the coverage of gut microbial diversity compared to 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing results. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential of a streamlined culturomics approach for the efficient isolation of gut bacteria from human stool samples. This approach might pave the way for the broader adoption of culturomics in human gut microbiome studies, ultimately leading to a more comprehensive understanding of this complex microbial ecosystem.
The prognostic impact of surufatinib for the treatment of advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A single center retrospective study
Authors: Yang Yanzhen , Xie Qu , Jiang Lai , Ding Guojun , Long Dan , Luo Cong
Published: May 2024

Background
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis, despite the emergence of chemotherapies, unmet medical needs still exist for patients with metastatic PDAC (mPDAC). Surufatinib is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR) 1, 2, 3, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), and colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R). It was approved in China for patients with pancreatic and ex-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) based on Phase III trials: SANET-p and SANET-ep.
Method
We conducted a real world retrospective study of mPDAC patients who received the surufatinib between July 2022 and July 2023 at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital. In addition, patients who received first line chemotherapy at the same period were analyzed as comparison.
Result
As of November 30th 2023, 20 eligible patients were identified. The median progression-free survival (mPFS) of patients who received surufatinib treatment was 5.27 months (95% CI, 2.55–7.98). For fist line treatment, 9 patients received surufatinib combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and the mPFS was 7.5 months (95% CI, 3.14–11.85), compared with an mPFS of 5.43 months (95% CI, 3.89–6.96) for 52 mPDAC patients received chemotherapy at the same period. Grade 3 or above Treatment Related Adverse Event (TRAE) were neutrophil count decreased (10%), and white blood cell count decreased (5%).
Conclusion
The anti-tumor activity of surufatinib in mPDAC patients is promising. Surufatinib combined with ICI may improve the efficacy in mPDAC and provide a potential treatment option for patients, especially in the first-line setting.
Trial registration
The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials, NCT06378580
Real-World data on the first UK Series of MINIject supraciliary implant with six months follow up
Authors: Dimitriou Chrysostomos , Dervenis Panagiotis , Wong Caroline , Tanner Luke , Nitiahpapand Rynda , Fazal Ihsan , Chatzithanasis Georgios , Stavropoulos Dimitrios , Lascaratos Gerassimos
Published: May 2024

Purpose:This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of the MINIject (iStar Medical, Wavre, Belgium) supraciliary implant.
Methods:Patients with medically uncontrolled primary open angle glaucoma, primary angle closure glaucoma and normal tension glaucoma. This first in the UK, restrospective, single-centre, interventional study evaluated the implantation of the MINIject in 45 eyes, including 11 standalone cases and 34 cases combined with phacoemulsification.
Primary outcome was reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included success defined as IOP of ≤21 mmHg and >5 mmHg with an IOP reduction of ≥20% without (complete success) or with (qualified success) the use of glaucoma medications, reduction of IOP and glaucoma medications during follow-up and adverse events.
Results:Mean (±SD) baseline IOP was 19.02±5.11 mmHg on 2.22±1.04 medications. At 6 months, 71.1% (n=32) achieved ≥20% IOP reduction with 91% (n=41) of patients being drop-independent. The mean IOP was 13.02±4.74 mmHg (range 4-29 mmHg) with the average percentage decrease being 31.55%. Furthermore, 71.1% (n=32) of eyes achieved an IOP of <15 mmHg. Mean IOP at 6 months in the phaco-combined group was 13.06 mmHg and in the standalone group was 12.91 mmHg. The reduction in IOP in these subgroups was 5.80 mmHg and 6.64 mmHg respectively (p=0.74). At 6 months, 66.67% of patients met the criteria for complete success and 71.11% for qualified success. Adverse events occured in 15.6% (n=7) of eyes. No sight-threatening events occurred.
Conclusion:This study shows promising IOP-lowering results and medication reduction over 6 months with few adverse events.
V activated Ag-O catalytic sites for direct electro-epoxidation to successive producing propylene oxide
Authors: Li Zhongtao , Lin Yan , Miao Xiaodong , Sun Yuanyuan , Li Hui , Ren Hao , Cui Wangyang , Wu Mingbo
Published: May 2024

As one environmentally friendly and sustainable method, direct electrooxidation of propylene (D-EOPO) can successively produce propylene oxide, but the poor selectivity and activity of the catalyst hinder the application. To overcome the issues, a D-EOPO device based on a membrane electrode reactor (MEA) has been developed with optimized Ag-V-O/GDL catalyst to active oxygen formation for propylene epoxidation. In-situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations have revealed the critical role of introduced V, which can accelerate the formation of Ag-O to decrease the generation energy barriers of O* from absorbed water on the catalyst surface. Moreover, the V doping also can attribute to a positive shift of the d-band center of Ag, and facilitate the adsorption of propylene on the active center. Thus, the formation of the key intermediate (OC3H6*) by coupling O* with adsorbed propylene is synergistic promoted, thereby enabling the efficiency of D-EOPO. Finally, the MEA reactor with the developed Ag/V bimetallic catalyst have been developed for continuous D-EOPO, which can steadily electrooxidize propylene to PO with a yield of 64.48 µmol/h over 72 hours (almost the highest among currently reports).
Network Analyses of Brain Tumor Patients’ Multiomic Data Reveals Pharmacological Opportunities to Alter Cell State Transitions
Authors: Bumbaca Brandon , Birtwistle Marc , Gallo James
Published: May 2024

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) remains a particularly difficult cancer to treat, and survival outcomes remain poor. In addition to the lack of dedicated drug discovery programs for GBM, extensive intratumor heterogeneity and epigenetic plasticity related to cell-state transitions are major roadblocks to successful drug therapy in GBM. To study these phenomenon, publicly available snRNAseq and bulk RNAseq data from patient samples were used to categorize cells from patients into four cell states (i.e. phenotypes), namely: (i) neural progenitor-like (NPC-like), (ii) oligodendrocyte progenitor-like (OPC-like), (iii) astrocyte-like (AC-like), and (iv) mesenchymal-like (MES-like). Patients were subsequently grouped into subpopulations based on which cell-state was the most dominant in their respective tumor. By incorporating phosphoproteomic measurements from the same patients, a protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) was constructed for each cell state. These four-cell state PPINs were pooled to form a single Boolean network that was used for in silico protein knockout simulations to investigate mechanisms that either promote or prevent cell state transitions. Simulation results were input into a boosted tree machine learning model which predicted the cell states or phenotypes of GBM patients from an independent public data source, the Glioma Longitudinal Analysis (GLASS) Consortium. Combining the simulation results and the machine learning predictions, we generated hypotheses for clinically relevant causal mechanisms of cell state transitions. For example, the transcription factor TFAP2A can be seen to promote a transition from the NPC-like to the MES-like state. Such protein nodes and the associated signaling pathways provide potential drug targets that can be further tested in vitro and support cell state-directed (CSD) therapy.
Data Rescue for Historical Document Tables Using Semi-Supervised Learning
Authors: Singh Loitongbam Gyanendro , Middleton Stuart E.
Published: May 2024

This study uses a novel semi-supervised learning framework to explore Tabular Structure Recognition (TSR) for digitizing historical documents, specifically employing the CascadeTabNet model. TSR is crucial for transforming archival tabular data into digital formats, enhancing accessibility and analysis across various research fields. Challenges like physical degradation, inconsistent lighting, and non-standard handwriting hinder the generation of high-quality annotations of historical documents needed for effective model training. To address these issues, this research explores two research questions: (i) Can a semi-supervised training approach reduce the need for expensive data annotations? and (ii) Does semi-supervised training improve model robustness? We applied our methodology across three datasets: the GloSAT and ICDAR-2019 datasets based on historical documents, and the predominantly modern documents PubTabNet dataset. Our results indicate that semi-supervised learning substantially increases TSR accuracy and decreases dependency on extensive labelled datasets, providing a robust solution for large-scale digitization initiatives and contributing to the preservation and improved accessibility of historical data. All code from this paper is freely available on GitHub.
Study of Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Reaction Time of Corn Starch Acetylation
Authors: Freitas Roberta , Carmo Karina , Pádua Franciane , Botaro Vagner
Published: May 2024

Starch acetylation plays a crucial role in the starch industry, offering enhanced versatility and functionality. The study aimed to analyze the kinetics and thermodynamics of starch acetylation. Corn starch was acetylated in different degrees of substitution by esterification reaction with acetic anhydride, acetic acid and sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Order of the reaction was determined by integral analysis method, defined as a pseudo-first order because it presents correlation factor R2 closest to 1. From thermodynamic models used, it was possible to determine enthalpy of acetylation (-1.33x10-2 J.mol-1), critical temperature (0.0223 K), heat capacity (1.53x10-3J.mol-1.K-1) and entropy change (-2.31x10-4 J.mol-1.K-1). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) characterized starch and starch acetates. In analysis, acetylation was confirmed with the appearance of band at 1740 cm-1, corresponding to carbonyl of acetyl group, presence of pores and breakdown of starch granules after acetylation reaction. Starch acetylation increased with reaction time, reaching a maximum degree of substitution of approximately 2.62 after 50 minutes.
Correction method of Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion for rock based on freeze-thaw and residual effects
Authors: Liu Yang , Meng Xiangzhen , Zhang Huimei , Shen Yanjun
Published: May 2024

Considering the characteristics of micro element failure when rock is subjected to freeze-thaw and load, based on the impact of reducing the effective bearing area on each damage, the total damage variable and constitutive model of rock under freeze-thaw and load are established. Starting from the characteristics of the entire process of rock deformation, the revised Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) strength criterion of rock is established by considering the freeze-thaw and residual effects. The results show that: The established damage constitutive model fully reflects the entire process of rock deformation and failure, especially the post peak softening and residual deformation characteristics; with the increasing of freeze-thaw cycles, the strength of rock decreases and the deformation increases; with the increasing of confining pressure, the strength and deformation of the rock also increase, which is consistent with the actual situation. This Revised M-C strength criterion introduces the influence of freeze-thaw cycles and residual stress factors, which not only characterizes the relationship between internal stress parameters in rock limit states under different freeze-thaw cycles, but also makes the theoretical data closer to the test data and more in line with practical engineering. Compared with the Drucker-Prager (D-P) criterion, this criterion addresses the disadvantage of the D-P criterion being more conservative. This method is based on the measured results of rock triaxial test, which makes it more flexible and the calculation results closer to reality.
A Multi-Scale Remote Sensing for Heritage Monitoring through Integration of Satellite SAR, Laser Scanning, and Drones
Authors: Fu Lang , Seo Hyungjoon
Published: May 2024

Due to advancements in digital mapping and remote sensing technology, monitoring built heritage has become more straightforward and convenient. Current individual measurements have numerous limitations, leading to their underutilization. This study suggests a multi-scale data monitoring approach for detecting built heritage deformation by integrating low-cost, wide-area satellite SAR data, high-precision laser scanning technology, and drones surveying technology for quick deployment and computation. Settlement monitoring of Sizergh Castle was conducted to assess the feasibility of the proposed method. The results indicate that the method outlined in this paper can effectively and precisely monitor the settlement and deformation of the heritage building both indoors and outdoors. It can also identify the primary settlement and deformation areas within the building. This greatly improves the efficiency of monitoring heritage buildings and facilitates conservation and repair by maintenance staff.
Host-Guest-Induced Electronic State Triggers Two-Electron Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis
Authors: Long Xiaojing , Chen Hongni , Wang Chao , Wu Han , Li Lili , Xing Yali , Zhang Chuanhui
Published: May 2024

Supramolecular polymers hold promising application prospects in catalysis due to their distinctive molecular recognition and dynamic crosslinking features. However, investigating supramolecular organic electrocatalysts with high efficiency in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to hydrogen peroxide (ORHP) remains an unexplored frontier. Herein, we present organic polymers for ORHP by introducing cyclodextrin-containing noncovalent building blocks, and the skeleton electronic environment is further regulated via a host-guest chemistry strategy, affording HG-CD-Ph and HG-CD-TPB with abundant dynamic bonds. The oxygen intermediate desorption and electronic states are well-modulated through the host-guest decoration, resulting in appropriate regional electron binding force and controllable chemical activity. Notably, the introduction of supramolecular host-guest units into the polymer model P-CN-Ph achieves an ultra-high production rate of 9.14 mol g−1 cat h−1, and demonstrates an excellent Faraday efficiency of 98.01%, surpassing most reported metal-free electrocatalysts. Supported by theory calculation and in situ FT-IR experiment, it is revealed that C atoms (site–1) adjacent to –C=N (N) group are potential active sites. Moreover, the dynamic bonds in supramolecular catalysts can effectively regulate the binding ability of oxygen and its intermediates, leading to high reactivity and selectivity for the 2e− ORR. This work pioneers host-guest strategy and provides inspiring ideas for the ORHP process.
Physical cellular automata and artificial fish swarm fusion catastrophic failure prediction of brittle-like materials
Authors: Sun Bin , Guo T
Published: May 2024

The investigation aims to establish a physics-informed data-driven method for catastrophic failure analysis of brittle-like materials based on the strategy of the physical cellular automata and artificial fish swarm fusion prediction. Based on the method, local mesoscopic elasticity modulus and damage distribution of brittle-like materials can be predicted based on the monitored data of the global macroscopic mechanical response. In the data-driven prediction process based on the simplification of the artificial fish swarm algorithm, physical catastrophic failure mechanisms can be considered by utilizing a modified cellular automata technique for updating and iterating damage distribution based on the principle of energy conservation and energy dissipation. Two numerical cases are implemented to support the developed method. The results support that the method possesses a good convergence and a high prediction accuracy. The maximum prediction error of the macroscopic stress-strain relationship of the two numerical cases is 9.6% based on the optimal mesoscopic elasticity modulus prediction. Meanwhile, the predicted local mesoscopic catastrophic failure paths of the two numerical cases both match well with the corresponding experimental results. The developed physics-informed data-driven method can provide an efficient tool to predict both macroscopic and mesoscopic failure particularities of brittle-like materials for better investigating their catastrophic failure mechanisms.
Optimal Estimation of Power Chris-Jerry DistributionParameters Using Ranked Set Sampling Design withApplication
Authors: Alsadat Najwan , Hassan Amal S. , Elgarhy Mohammed , Nagarjuna Vasili B. V. , Benchiha Sid Ahmed , Gemeay Ahmed M.
Published: May 2024

Effective sample design has a major role in the quality of parameter estimation in statisticalparameter estimation issues. The ranking set sampling (RSS) strategy is effective and a less costlyoption than simple random sampling (SRS). A novel mixture continuous lifetime distribution thathas been proposed recently is the power Chris-Jerry distribution (PC-JD). It is useful for modelinga number of real data sets. This paper investigates the RSS approach for estimating the PC-JD’sparameters. There are roughly sixteen different techniques of estimation that are used, such as themaximum likelihood method, the percentiles method, some methods based on minimum distance,the Kolmogorov method, and some methods based on minimum and maximum spacing distances. Incomparison to a SRS, the simulation research assesses the performance of the suggested RSS-basedestimates in terms of some measures of accuracy. To identify the optimal estimating strategy, thepartial and overall ranks of many estimates are shown. According to numerical results, the maximumlikelihood approach seems to be quite beneficial in evaluating the estimated quality of RSS and SRS.RSS is a more effective sampling approach than SRS owing to its better efficiency. Additionally, thedifferent estimation techniques with survival data for both sampling techniques are examined
MnFe2O4@L-Cysteine as a drug delivery system, in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation on human Breast cancer cell (MCF7) and DFT calculation
Authors: hasankhani Neda , Hosseini Sharieh , Askarizadeh Elham , mehravi Bita
Published: May 2024

Thanks to their high hydrophilic and magnetic properties, MnFe2O4 nanoparticles (NP) are recognized as favorable drug carriers. In this study, L-Cysteine-modified MnFe2O4 nanoparticles (MnFe2O4@L-Cysteine) were prepared and characterized. Their cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cell lines (MCF7) was also evaluated by MTT assay. To simulate drug delivery systems, the interaction between modified NP and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was examined as a breast cancer drug. The MTT results showed the applicability of MnFe2O4@L-Cysteine nanoparticles as a potential cytotoxic agent in breast cancer treatment. Based on the theoretical calculations, the adsorption energy between L-Cysteine and 5-FU was − 12.029 KJ/mol and their interaction was spontaneous and exothermic at the temperature range of 278.15 to 288.15 K. Also, the drug release thermodynamically is feasible at body temperature. The calculated electronic descriptors indicated that the electrons were transferred from L-Cysteine to 5- FU. Overall, MNFe2O4@L-Cysteine, in addition to being non-toxic has the potential to deliver 5-FU anticancer drug.
Dynamics of optical solitons and sensitivity analysis in fiber optics
Authors: Raees Nida , Mahmood Irfan , Hussain Ejaz , Younas Usman , Elansary Hosam O.
Published: May 2024

The nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) and its various forms have significant applications in the field of soliton theory. The Fokas-Lenells (FL) equation stands as a cornerstone in deepening our understanding of nonlinear wave dynamics within optical systems, particularly concerning the behavior of ultrashort pulses across different media. Its significance lies in providing a comprehensive framework to study and analyze complex phenomena, ultimately contributing to advancements in optical technology and applications. The FL equation is an integrable extension of the NLSE that provides a description of the nonlinear propagation of pulses in optical fiber. This paper seeks to discover optical soliton solutions for the FL equation by employing a modified sub-equation method. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis is described by using the various initial conditions. For the physical behavior of the models, some solutions are graphically shown in 2D, 3D and contour graphs by assigning specific values to the parameters under the provided situation at each solution. As a result, we discovered several new families of exact traveling wave solutions, such as bright solitons, dark solitons, and combined bright and dark soliton. As a result, investigated solutions have significant advantages in the field of mathematical physics.
Mathematics subject classification (2020) : 39A1; 39B62; 33B10; 26A48; 26A51
GIS-Based Erosion Susceptibility Analysis in Bingöl (Türkiye): A Comparasion of Logistic Regression, Frequency Ratio, Weight of Evidence and Shannon’s Entropy models
Authors: İNİK Orhan , UTLU Mustafa
Published: May 2024

Soil erosion is one of the most important and critical processes occurring in Turkey, as in all parts of the world. It is of great importance to understand the processes that occur as soil erosion continues. The aim of this study is to determine the erosion susceptibility occurring in the Çapakçur Stream basin, one of the important erosion areas of Turkey. In the study, erosion susceptibility analysis was used using 19 conditioning factors based on 4 different methods (Shannon Entropy (SE), Logistic Regression (LR), Frequency Ratio (FR) and Weight of Evidence (WoE)), which are actively used today in erosion susceptibility analysis and determination of critical areas in terms of erosion. has been made. Model performances of the Analysis Results were evaluated based on a data set of 840 training (70%) points and 360 validation (30%) points using ROC and AUC values.. According to result of the ROC and AUC values show that Logistic regression seems to perform well on both training (AUC = 94.7%) and validating datasets (AUC = 93.5%). On the other hand, Weight of Evidence training (AUC = 93.5%) and testing datasets (AUC = 91.4%), Frequency Ratio training (AUC = 93.5%) and testing datasets (AUC = 92.4%). of the Weight of Evidence resault show that AUC and ROC values smilar to Logistic Regression result, but slightly lower than Logistic Regression. Additionally, Shannon Entropy shows that it performs lower than other methods on both training (AUC = 55.7%) and testing datasets (AUC = 56.3%). Conducting analyzes based on these methods, especially in erosion susceptibility studies, will facilitate both planning and the accuracy of the results obtained.
On representations and topological aspects of positive maps on non-unital quasi *- algebras
Authors: Bellomonte Giorgia , Djordjevic Bogdan , Ivkovich Stefan
Published: May 2024

In this paper we provide a representation of a certain class of C*-valued positive sesquilinear and linear maps on non-unital quasi *- algebras, thus extending the results from [\cite{GBSICT}] to the case of non-unital quasi *-algebras. Also, we illustrate our results on the concrete examples of non-unital Banach quasi *-algebras, such as the standard Hilbert module over a commutative C*-algebra, Schatten p-ideals and noncommutative $L^2$-spaces induced by a semifinite, nonfinite trace. As a consequence of our results, we obtain a representation of all bounded positive linear C*-valued maps on non-unital C*-algebras. We also deduce some norm inequalities for these maps. Finally, we consider a noncommutative $L^2$-space equipped with the topology generated by a positive sesquilinear form and we construct a topologically transitive operator on this space.
MSC 2020: 46K10, 47A07, 16D10, 37Bxx, 47G10.
Preparation of Na 2 FeO 3 and Application in Wastewater treatment
Authors: Guo Haoda , Fan Linhao , Zhang Naidong
Published: May 2024

Na2FeO3 serves as a highly effective water-purifying agent and exhibits superior performance compared with ferrate(VI). The traditional synthesis method of ferrate(IV) requires that the conditions required for the reaction are difficult. This study focuses on the environment-friendly synthesis of green Na2FeO3 crystals using sodium hypochlorite as a medium via a concentration method under depressurization. Green crystallization was meticulously characterized and identified as Na2FeO3 using infrared spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. This investigation delves into the effect of varying the concentrations of Fe2(SO4)3, NaOH, NaClO, and the reaction temperature on the yield of Na2FeO3, which is apparently lower than that of the traditional method. This study provides important theoretical support for large-scale production of Na2FeO3. In addition, Na2FeO3 was shown to be superior to K2FeO4 in the treatment of oil-recovery wastewater.
Mechanism of Micro and Nanoplastics Formation from Semicrystalline Polymers
Authors: Kumar Sanat , Mendez Nicholas , Sharma Vivek , Valsecchi Michele , Adhikari Sabin , Pai Vighnesh , SriB Gorugantu , Broadbelt Linda , Schadler Linda , Muller Alejandro , Watson Shelby , Dadmun Mark , Kumaraswamy Guruswamy
Published: May 2024

It is well-established that micro and nanoplastics (MNPLs) are released from polymers through environmentally triggered bond breaking. However, the mechanism by which this Å-level process leads to nm-m sized fragments is poorly enunciated. Through experimental studies on three distinct chemistries, we demonstrate that only polymers with a semicrystalline morphology produce MNPLs under quiescent conditions. In this morphology, comprised of alternate crystalline and amorphous domains, chain scission occurs faster in amorphous regions. Through theoretical arguments, we show that tie molecules and bridging entanglements (“connectors”), which provide structural integrity to the semicrystalline structure by connecting two adjacent crystals, are preferentially broken. We propose that the cleavage of a threshold amount of connectors (i.e., scission of as little as 1% of chain bonds), leads to the spontaneous release of MNPLs. The resulting fragments comprise highly polydisperse stacks of lamellae, with an individual lamella – several nanometers thick - being the building block. Degradation of the crystals occurs over much longer time scales, explaining the environmental persistence of MNPLs, even under non-quiescent conditions. Since ~70 % of polymers are semicrystalline, engineering connectors may represent an effective strategy to reduce MNPL release rates.
Husbandry Practices, Reproductive and Production Performanceof Indigenous Goats in Ahferom District, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Asmelash Hiwot , Woldegebriel Daniel , Gebremariam Tikabo , Begashaw Teshome
Published: May 2024

A study, conducted in Ahferom district (Tigray), Northern Ethiopia, aimed to investigate indigenous goats’ husbandry practices, productive and reproductive performances, and constraints. Two Tabias from midland and one from lowland in the district were purposively selected based on their potentiality. Twenty-four household (HH) goat keepers, eight from each Tabia, were randomly selected. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire wasused to gather data. Focus group discussions were also held with knowledgeable farmers and key informants. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software Version 28.0. In the study area, the goat flock structure (16.6±3.5) consisted of does (4.7±1.4), bucks (1.6±0.9), doe kids (3.6±1.2), and buck kids (2.9±0.8). The overall mean litter size, age at first kidding and kidding interval were 2.06±0.13, 12.9±0.2 years and 7.6±0.5 months, respectively. The mean amount of milk produced/day from a lactating goat was estimated to be 0.2 liters. Goats were kept by smallholder farmers for sale (52.5%), home consumption (24.4%), saving (13.1%), manure (10%), and prestige (1.0%) in the midland. Nevertheless, goats were kept for sale (33.3%), home consumption (33.3%), saving (12.5%), manure (16.6%), and prestige (4.1%) in the lowland. Goats in the study area were mainly dependent on browsing plants in both wet and dry seasons. The overall sources of water in the study area were water wells (40.1%), hand pumps (32.7%), and ponds (27.2%). Most (89.8%) farmers used separate houses for their goats. Diseases, drought, predators, inadequate extension support, feed and water shortages were the most important problems identified in the study area.
Learning-oriented assessment of L2 argumentative writing ability: Its impacts on EFL undergraduate students’ writing ability and academic resilience
Authors: Imsa-ard Pariwat
Published: May 2024

The notion of utilizing assessment to facilitate learning has garnered significant momentum in language education. Nevertheless, a substantial portion of the pertinent theoretical and research literature tends to concentrate on the dynamics of the teaching-learning interface, often neglecting the critical role of effective teacher and peer interaction in augmenting student learning. The current study explored the learning-oriented assessment of EFL learners’ writing ability. Specifically, the study involved the development and administration of learning-oriented writing assessment (LOWA) tasks that aimed to measure 67 learners’ ability to display competency in L2 writing ability by building an argument. In addition, the study aimed to examine whether implementing LOWA tasks can help enhance learners’ academic resilience. Following a quasi-experimental mixed-methods approach, results from the assessment administration were analyzed using robust statistical analyses and qualitative analysis of the responses. A learning-oriented approach to assessment as a design and validation framework was used to interpret qualitative and quantitative evidence. The findings revealed that the students’ L2 argumentative writing ability and academic resilience improved as a result of the LOWA tasks where the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group in the post-test. Moreover, focus-group interviews revealed favorable perspectives towards LOWA while also expressing some concerns on giving feedback. It is hoped that this research will shed light on the language assessment within complex tasks and will help understand the affordances of implementing embedded assistance in language assessment.
Mastitis in goats – a still current problem
Authors: WOCHNIK MARCO , SZCZUBIAŁ MAREK , DĄBROWSKI ROMAN
Published: May 2024

Even though goats are one of the first animal species domesticated by humans, udder inflammation in these female farm animals still poses major diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for practicing veterinarians. Mastitis in goats, similarly to cattle, causes large economic losses, including breeding losses and losses in the dairy industry. For this reason, the most important information regarding the diagnosis and treatment of mastitis in goats has been collected in this study, based on the latest data from the literature. Attention was drawn to the fact that in many forms of mastitis, to achieve the desired therapeutic effect it is crucial to undertake quick and targeted therapy. The study also emphasized the need to develop new laboratory diagnostic techniques aimed at determining indicators of the inflammatory reaction not only in milk and blood serum but also in saliva collected from females suffering from mastitis. This enables a quick and effective diagnosis of the disease and an effective treatment method.
Development of Professional Judicial Corporation in Russia in XVIII–XXI centuries
Authors: Lonskaya Svetlana
Published: May 2024

The article introduces a comprehensive analysis of professional judicial corporation in Russia in the XVIII–XXI centuries in its theoretical and historical aspects. The research objective was to clarify the concept and categories of judicial power, as well as to model the process of its development in Russia. The issue of professions and professional corporations as social phenomena is a matter of sociology. For lawyers, sociological studies are important in connection with the issue of judicial corporation development, i.e., its theoretical and historical development. The author relied on the structural and functional approach to the professionalization model developed by sociologist G. Vilensky, who interpreted the categories of judicial profession, judiciary, and judicial corporation. The authors revealed the directions in the development of the professional judicial corporation in Russia in the XVIII–XXI centuries and periodized this process. A separate and permanent judicial function determined the emergence of professional judiciary, organizationally represented by a professional judicial corporation. The profession of a judge is all these elements combined. The judicial corporation developed in Russia in three directions, i.e., normative, organizational, and symbolic, with a prominent regulatory influence of the state. The judicial profession and professional corporation started to develop in Russia during the judicial reforms in the XVIII century. This slow, nonlinear, and discrete process was completed as late as in the XXI century with all the necessary stages of professionalization: the professional corporation finally became the organization form of the Russian judiciary. The authors revealed five stages in the history of the professional judicial corporation in Russia: 1) XVIII century; 2) the first half of the XIX century; 3) 1864–1917; 4) 1917–1989; 5) 1989 – early XXI century.
Contractual Responsibility of Marketplaces
Authors: Abrosimova Elena
Published: May 2024

The rapid development of e-commerce generates new subjects of civil turnover. Marketplaces are commodity aggregators with a vague legal status. A marketplace is more than an information intermediary: it is an ecosystem with highly developed logistics that provides interaction between the seller and the buyer, as well as information about goods and delivery points. In addition, it settles disputes between sellers and buyers by applying various resolution tools. The article describes the legal nature of the relations connected with marketplace ecosystems, i.e., between the marketplace and the seller, between the marketplace and the delivery point, between the marketplace and the buyer. The author also assessed the integration of the marketplace into the classic purchase-and-sale relationship between the buyer and the seller. These parties sign commission contracts, agency agreements, and fee-based service contacts, each of which has its specifics. The author defined the limits of contractual liability in the seller – marketplace – consumer trade chain. If the seller – buyer relations are violated, the responsibility of the marketplace needs to be expanded because the marketplace undertakes to verify the reliability of sellers and the quality of goods. The author applied a doctrinal perspective to the legislative initiatives of 2023–2024 in relation to marketplaces, as well as developed some recommendations on how to improve e-commerce legislation in the Russian Federation.