bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidants of Non-Enzymatic Nature: Their Function in Higher Plant Cells and the Ways of Boosting Their Biosynthesis
Authors: Rudenko Natalia N. , Vetoshkina Daria V. , Merenkova Tatiana V. , Borisova-Mubarakshina Maria M.
Published: November 2023

Plants are exposed to a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses leading to increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells. ROS are capable of oxidizing proteins, pigments, lipids, nucleic acids, and other cell molecules, disrupting their functional activity. During the process of evolution, numerous antioxidant systems were formed in plants, including antioxidant enzymes and low-molecular-weight non-enzymatic antioxidants. Antioxidant systems perform neutralization of ROS and therefore prevent oxidative damage of cell components. In the present review, we focus on the biosynthesis of non-enzymatic antioxidants in higher plant cells such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C), glutathione, flavonoids, isoprenoids, including carotenoids, tocopherol (vitamin E), ubiquinone and plastoquinone. Their functioning and their reactivity with respect to individual ROS are described. The review is also devoted to the modern genetic engineering methods, which are widely used to change the quantitative and qualitative content of the non-enzymatic antioxidants in cultivated plants. These methods allow to obtain various plant lines with given properties in a rather short time. The most successful approaches for plant transgenesis and plant genome editing for the enhancement of the biosynthesis and the content of these antioxidants are discussed.
Growth Strategy for Artificial Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonica) Larvae in Aquaculture
Authors: Kawakami Yutaka
Published: November 2023

One of the challenges with Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) seedling production is the slow growth of leptocephali. This issue arises from a fundamental problem with the current methods for raising leptocephali. In essence, the balance between the amount of energy obtained from feeding and kinetic energy significantly differs from that in the natural environment. This slow growth results in a reduced size of metamorphosable leptocephalus and ultimately leads to smaller artificial glass eels. We hypothesize that this reduction in the size of artificial glass eels may be attributed to time-related stress during rearing. Therefore, we propose the "time-over theory" based on a series of phenomena.
Applying Nitrogen Fertilizer at the Full Heading Stage Has the Potential to Decrease Brown Rice Cd Accumulation
Authors: Yusheng Zhang , Huan Xiao , QiaoMao Chen , Qi Jiang , Ao Hejun
Published: November 2023

Soil cadmium (Cd) contamination has become a serious problem in China. In this study, the goals of the field experiments were to understand how the application of nitrogen fertilizer at the full heading stage and filling stage reduced the uptake of Cd in rice by affecting the distribution of Cd in iron plaques on the root surfaces and subcellular in the root and flag leaf. The hydroponic culture experiments aimed to explore the effect of interaction or deficiency of nitrogen and cadmium on cadmium accumulation in rice at the late growth stage. The results showed that under the condition of having enough nitrogen supply during the early growth stage, applying nitrogen fertilizer during the full heading stage and filling stage resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of Fe and Cd on the root plaques at the milk stage and mature stage. Additionally, it increased the concentration and proportion of Cd in the soluble fraction of subcellular in the flag leaves at the milk stage. On the other hand, when there was a deficiency of nitrogen, the concentration of Fe in the root plaques increased significantly, while the concentration of Cd in the root plaques decreased significantly. Moreover, the proportion of Cd in the flag leaf cell walls increased significantly. Regardless of whether there was sufficient or deficient nitrogen supply during the early growth stage, applying nitrogen at the full heading stage reduced the Cd concentration in brown rice by 35.11% and 57.25%, respectively. Under hydroponic culture conditions with both Cd exposure and later-stage nitrogen supply significantly increased the Cd concentration in brown rice. However, in the absence of Cd, nitrogen supply significantly reduced the Cd concentration in brown rice. The accumulation of Cd in brown rice was significantly correlated with the accumulation of Fe and Mn at the late growth stage. Our findings indicate that when there is sufficient nitrogen nutrition during the early growth stage of rice, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at the full heading stage combined with lime with mineral element fertilizers such as Fe and Mn is an effective approach to reduce the presence of cadmium in rice grains.
Intercropping Systems to Modify Bioactive Compounds and Nutrient Profiles in Plants, Do We Have Enough Information to Take It as a Strategy to Improve Food Quality? A Review
Authors: Arenas-Salazar Ana Patricia , Schoor Mark , Parra-Pacheco Benito , García-Trejo Juan F. , Torres-Pacheco Irineo , Feregrino-Pérez Ana Angélica
Published: November 2023

Various environmental, food security and population health problems seem to be related to intensive agriculture production worldwide. This type of food production system impacted the loss of biodiversity and natural habitats; high usage rates of agrochemicals and natural resources had affected soil composition, human health, and nutritional plant quality in rural areas. Intercropping agroecological systems that respect agrobiodiversity could significantly benefit ecosystems, human health, and food security by modifying the nutritional profile and the content of some health-promoting bioactive compounds of the species cultivated in this system. Research on intercropping strategies focuses on the benefits they can offer to ecosystems and less on nutrient plant composition, leaving information scattered when this theme should be more studied due to the critical impact it could provide for human nutrition. Therefore, this review aims to collect viable details on the investigation status of nutrients and bioactive compounds profile in intercropping systems by verifying different regions of the world with unique mixed crops using plant species, along with the criteria for combining them, as well as the nutrients and bioactive compounds analyzed to show what intercropping systems can contribute to food availability and quality.
Analysis of Hemogram and C-reactive protein in Viral Gastroenteritis: Insights into Inflammatory Response
Authors: Onal Pınar , Bozaykut Abdulkadir
Published: November 2023

Background: Acute viral gastroenteritis remains a leading cause of health care cost globally, prompting the need for basic diagnostic strategies. Objectives: This study aims to assess the impact of viral gastroenteritis on hemogram and C-reactive protein. Methods: By conducting a retrospective study, three groups of children diagnosed with gastroenteritis (rotavirus positive, adenovirus positive and rota/adenovirus negative group) were compared in terms of hemogram parameters and C- reactive protein. Results: Among 756 children with gastroenteritis, 7.9% of patients were rotavirus positive and 6.5% of them were adenovirus positive. Our findings disclosed a statistically significant association between low lymphocyte (2.2 ± 1.45) and MPV value (7.38 ± 0.4 fL) with rotavirus gastroenteritis. Also, the analysis revealed a high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (2.8± 2.1) in rotavirus group. However, our study did not reveal any prominent laboratory marker that serves as a distinctive feature of adenovirus unlike rotavirus. Conclusions: In conclusion our research highlights the potential of decreased mean platelet volume and lymphopenia as diagnostic markers for rotavirus gastroenteritis.
Моделирование динамики веществ в рамках самосогласованной модели большого круга кровообращения
Authors: Абакумов Михаил Владимирович , Abakumov Mikhail Vladimirovich , Мухин Сергей Иванович , Mukhin Sergei Ivanovich , Мысова Ксения Михайловна , Mysova Kseniya Mikhailovna , Покладюк Анатолий Юрьевич , Pokladyuk Anatolii Yur'evich , Хруленко Александр Борисович , Khrulenko Aleksandr Borisovich
Published: November 2023

В основу рассматриваемой модели положены квазиодномерные уравнения гемодинамики и модель конвекционно-диффузионного переноса веществ по замкнутому подробному графу эластичных сосудов, соответствующему большому кругу кровообращения. Сложность рассматриваемого графа привела к необходимости дальнейшего развития используемого программного комплекса CVSS и построения новых, детализированных моделей, описывающих функцию поглощения-выделения веществ органами и тканями. Полученные модели позволили провести серию вычислительных экспериментов, воспроизводящих процесс переноса инсулина и глюкозы внутри большого круга кровообращения.
ANALYSIS OF THE OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS OF MEOSBEKWAN ISLAND (RAJA AMPAT DISTRICT) FOR THE SUITABILITY OF SEAWEED CULTIVATION
Authors: Lanuru Mahatma , Amri Khairul , Mashoreng Supriadi , Dahlan Dahlan , Paulangan Yunus
Published: November 2023

Seaweed cultivation is an alternative community livelihood that potentially helping to reduce pressure on coral reefs in the area of Raja Ampat Archipelago. This study was aimed to conduct an oceanographic analysis of the waters of Meosbekwan Island (Raja Ampat Regency) for the suitability of seaweed cultivation. Oceanographic data collection was carried out at three points (M1, M2, and M3) on the western side of Meosbekwan Island. Analysis of suitability for aquaculture was initiated with an analysis of key parameters, i.e., depth, protection and shipping traffic. The suitability analysis was followed by an analysis of the oceanographic parameters of the waters by weighting them using a ranking system. Furthermore, the final stage of suitability analysis was to evaluate the feasibility level of seaweed cultivation. The results showed that the depth of the waters on the western side of Meosbekwan Island ranged from 1.3 m – 5.8 m with an average depth of 1.5 m in the south (M1), 2.2 m in the middle (M2), and 3.9 m to the north (M3). Wave height during the study ranged from 0.1 – 0.3 m with an average value of 0.25 m at all points. The velocity of the water currents ranged from 0.08 – 0.25 m/s. The salinity of the waters was relatively homogeneous (30 - 31 o/oo). Water temperature also has small and relatively homogeneous variations with a range of 30 - 31˚C. The brightness of the waters ranged from 2.5 – 3.5 m. The bottom of the waters on the west side of Meosbekwan Island generally consists of coarse sand, rubble, and seagrass vegetation Enhalus acoroides and Cymodocea sp. In general, the oceanographic conditions of the waters are suitable for the life and growth of seaweed. The results of the location suitability evaluation indicated that the waters on the western side of Meosbekwan Island were technically feasible to serve as a location for seaweed cultivation.
Relationship Between Simple Oxygen Extraction Ratio to Cardiac Index and Mean Arterial Pressure in Septic Shock Patient Treated in ICU Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta
Authors: Irianto Helen Yudi , Jufan Akhmad Yun , Widodo Untung
Published: November 2023

Background : Oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER)  having any relationship with  cardiac index and mean arterial pressure in septic shock patient.
Objective: Discover any relation between simplified oxygen extraction ratio with cardiac index and mean arterial pressure in shock septic condition at ICU of RSUP Dr Sardjito Yogyakarta

Method : 32 subject with crossectional study was performed by inclution criteria such as : patient in ICU diagnosed as shock septic, more than 18 years old, inerted cvc in right atrium, inserted arterial line in  arterial radialis or brachialis which connected mostcare. BGA (arterial and venous ) sampel was taken by I-STAT® together with recording mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac index value.

Result :  Correlation between O2ER and cardiac index p=0,009 (p<0,05) with r -0,456. Correlation between O2ER and MAP p=0,006 (p<0,05) with r-0,474.

Conclusion :Anesthesia management of TGA TGA cases is to avoid reducing cardiac output and SVR and keep the PVR lower than the SVR.
Novel Approach for Tracheal Resection in Morquio A Syndrome with End-stage Critical Airway Obstruction: A UK Case Series
Authors: Kenth Johnny , Maughan Elizabeth , Butler Colin , Gabrie Jasleen , Rouhani Maral , Silver Benjamin , Ogunbiy Olumide , Wilkinson Stuart , Nandi Reema , Walker Rober , Muthialu Nagarajan , Jones Simon , Hewitt Richard , Bruce Iain
Published: November 2023

Background Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type IVA is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by aberrations of the N-acetyl-galactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS) enzyme. MPS IVA is associated with a wide gamut of respiratory and airway disorders that manifest in a continuum of severity. In individuals exhibiting severe phenotypic expression, terminal stages of the disease frequently culminate in life-threatening, critical airway obstruction. These manifestations of end-stage disease are engendered by an insidious progression of multi-level airway pathologies, comprising of tracheomalacia, stenosis, tortuosity and 'buckling'. Historically, the management of end-stage airway disease has predominantly leaned towards palliative modalities. However, contemporary literature has posited that the potential benefits of tracheal resection with aortopexy, performed under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), may offer a promising therapeutic option. In this context, we report on outcomes from patients undergoing a novel approach to tracheal resection that is combined with manubrial resection, leading to improved airway calibre, obviating the requisition for CPB. Results In this study, seven patients with severe MPS IVA exhibited clinical symptoms and radiological evidence indicative of advanced airway obstruction. All patients had a tracheal resection with a partial upper manubriectomy via transcervical approach, which did not require CPB. The median age was 16 years (range 11–19 years). Postoperatively, significant improvements were seen in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), with a mean increase of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.45–0.91; SD: 0.20). Notably, other spirometry variables also showed meaningful improvements, providing evidence of positive treatment effects. Furthermore, there were no major long-term complications, and the procedure resulted in a significant enhancement in patient-reported domains using PedsQL (version 4.0). Conclusions This study represents the largest case series to date, on tracheal resection in patients with severe MPS IVA. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the transcervical approach with partial manubriectomy for improving respiratory function and quality of life for individuals with advanced airway obstruction. Tracheal resection presents a promising treatment modality for severe cases of MPS IVA. Successful outcomes rely on meticulous multidisciplinary assessment, judicious decision-making, and appropriate timing of tracheal surgery. Further research and long-term follow-up studies are warranted to validate the long-term efficacy and safety of this approach.
Numerical analysis of the interaction between composite-pile and slope and parameters optimization
Authors: Yu Jun , Yao Yilin , Cai Yifeng , Wang Kezhong
Published: November 2023

Anti-slide pile is a retaining structure to improve a slope stability, with the advantages of clear force transfer system, simple construction and easy design. In order to maximize pile potential and slope self-bearing capacity, the FLAC3D software and site monitoring were conducted to analyze the interaction between composite-pile and the hydropower slope in Sichuan province. The results show that compared to the ordinary rigid anti‐slide pile, the composite rigid‐flexible anti‐slide pile is more effective in reducing the bending moment, shear force and lateral earth pressure of the pile with partly increasing horizontal displacement of the slope and the pile segment above the slip surface, each taking up 10%, 20%, 13%. The increase of the thickness of flexible material decreases the internal force of the pile finitely and cushion thickness with 40 cm and space of piles with 3m are optimal . The elasticity modulus of flexible material reduces its internal force of pile less than that of the rigid pile.
Application of Information-Motivation-Behavioral model–based Continuity of Care on the Peri-implantitis recovery in Diabetic Implant Overdenture Patients: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Lin Yuliu , Bai Jingyao , Chen Chunchun , Zhou Yi , Guan Xiaoxu
Published: November 2023

Aims
To observe the effect of information-motivation-behavioral skill (IMB) model–based continuity of care for diabetic implant overdenture (IOD) patients with peri-implantitis.
Design
: A randomised controlled trial.
Methods
We recruited 32 diabetic IOD patients with a total of 110 problematic implants who had completed the treatment for peri-implantitis between January 2021 and March 2023 as research subjects. The patients were randomly assigned to the control group or the experimental group using the random number table. The control group received routine postoperative medical advice, whereas the experimental group was given an IMB model–based continuity of care.
Results
Thirty-one patients having a total of 106 implants with peri-implantitis completed the study. The Spearman correlation coefficients indicated that the plaque index (rs = 0.2475, p < 0.01), follow-up compliance (rs=-0.2326, p < 0.01), oral cleanliness compliance (rs=-0.1867, p < 0.05) and blood glucose control compliance (rs=-0.1749, p < 0.05) correlated weakly with peri-implant bone resorption at 12 months. Patient satisfaction in the experimental group was greater than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the peri-implant bone resorption was lesser in the experimental group than in the control group, both at 6 and 12 months after treatment (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
With the IMB model–based continuity of care constructed, a remote management system for diabetic IOD patients could be used to enhance the patients’ understanding of peri-implantitis and diabetes, improve their medical and daily life behaviors, thereby promoting recovery.
Prevalence and factors associated with suboptimal adherence to dolutegravir-based regimens among people living with HIV in a specialized clinic in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Namakula Edith , Mugerwa Henry , Kitutu Freddy , Kawuma Aida N , Kiguba Ronald , Kalyango Joan N
Published: November 2023

Background
Suboptimal adherence to dolutegravir is up to 31% globally. In Uganda, 54% of people living with HIV(PLHIV) on first-line Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) were taking dolutegravir-based regimens. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with suboptimal adherence to dolutegravir-based regimens in PLHIV in a specialized clinic in Uganda.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study with both quantitative and qualitative aspects in a specialized HIV clinic in Kampala, Uganda, from July 2022 to August 2022. We collected quantitative data, using questionnaires, and data abstraction tools; from 366, consecutively sampled, and consented PLHIV. We collected qualitative data using in-depth interviews, among 13 purposively sampled, consented participants. We analyzed quantitative data using modified Poisson regression in STATA, to obtain factors associated with suboptimal adherence at the 5% level of significance. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis in Open Code.
Results
The prevalence of suboptimal adherence to dolutegravir-based regimens was 49% (179/366; 95%Confidence Interval (CI): 44–54). Alcohol consumption (adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR): 1.25; 95%CI: 1.012–1.543), being unemployed (aPR: 1.27; 95%CI: 1.002–1.609), not having neighbor’s support (aPR: 0.78; 95%CI: 0.619–0.993), and participants who preferred to talk to the doctor in case of a health problem (aPR: 0.44; 95%CI: 0.307–1.270) were associated with suboptimal adherence, to dolutegravir-based ART regimens. Barriers to dolutegravir adherence included: unemployment, lack of social support, alcohol consumption, and inadequate counselling.
Conclusion
Suboptimal adherence to dolutegravir-based ART was high. PLHIV should start-up projects that are economically viable. Dolutegravir-related virological failure in PLHIV should be investigated.
Economic Design of Water Distribution Networks
Authors: Shrief ayatallah , Hisham AlaaEldin AlaaEldin , Razik Mohamed Hassan Abdel , Hussien Hossam Mostafa
Published: November 2023

Water Distribution Networks represent a major economic investment of the total cost of water supply systems. Pipe cost optimization is usually considered as a prime objective. However, minimizing the capital cost of the pipeline alone may result in increasing the cost of pumping, so the balance between pipe cost and pumping cost is a vital issue. In this study, an empirical model is formulated to select the economic pipe diameter based on capital and operation costs. A new Diameter Optimization Ratio DOR is developed to evaluate the economic optimality, which equals to 1.0 at optimal design, when rate of increase/decrease of pipe cost equals rate of decrease/increase of pumping cost. A new mathematical models are developed to calculate optimum diameter, velocity, hydraulic gradient slope for a given flow rate under given cost data assumptions. Optimum diameter does not depend on pipe length. After applying the mathematical model on this case study, the economic optimality indicator can be raised from 57.2–90.6%, and the total cost decreased by 38.8% by selecting optimum pipe diameter. After applying the mathematical model on this case study, the economic optimality indicator can be raised from 57.2–93.6%, and the total cost decreased by 36.4% by selecting optimum pipe diameter. A new Cost Optimality Factor R for each pipe and for the whole network can be defined. A case study is considered to illustrate the application of proposed methodology.
Influence of the technique used to crush a bone block graft on the physicochemical properties of particulate bone: an in vitro study using a bovine rib model
Authors: Camacho-Alonso Fabio , Mercado-Díaz Ana María , Martínez-Jiménez Natalia , Guerrero-Sánchez Yolanda , Vilaplana-Vivo Carlos , Fernández-Ruiz Alberto
Published: November 2023

Objective: To evaluate the influence of the technique used to crush a bone block on the physical and chemical properties.
Materials and methods: 120 bone blocks were obtained from 30 bovine ribs. Block 1 was used exclusively to analyse bone mineral composition (BMC) (% Ca and P); while blocks 2, 3 and 4 were used to determine volume (V), bone mineral density (BMD), fractal dimension (FD), particle size and BMC, after grinding (block 2), crushing (block 3), and scraping (block 4) the bone. The change in physical properties after crushing the blocks was studied by radiological analysis using microcomputed tomography, while changes in chemical properties were analysed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and a microanalytical system based on energy-dispersive and X-ray spectrometry. Bone particle size was calculated from the FESEM images using an image analysis software.
Results: The order of greatest to least increase in V was: scraper>mill>crusher; the order from the least to the greatest decrease in BMD, FD, Ca and P was: scraper<millmill>crusher.
Conclusions: Crushing a bone block with a mill, crusher or scraper produces a much greater increase in V and decrease in BMD, FD, and of Ca and P levels which is more marked with a crusher.
Clinical relevance: The use of a scraper or mill to crush bone affects the physical and chemical properties of bone less than when a crusher is used, although further clinical studies are necessary.
Identify and validate GPC4 and VCAN as hub genes in primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasiaby WGCNA and DEG
Authors: Xu Yin Fei , Li Dan , Yan Hui , Dai Li Ming , Kong Yue , Cao Cai Xia
Published: November 2023

Background
Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) is a rare disease that is characterised by multiple large benign nodules in the bilateral adrenal cortex, excessive secretion of cortisol, and complex pathogenesis,including somatic and germline mutations. The latest research shows that PBMAH is a genetic disease, and the most reported pathogenic gene is ARMC5.However, there are no target genes for early detection now. Bioinformatics analysis is a powerful method for the identification of biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets of a certain disease from related datasets.
Methods
This study searched and downloaded the transcriptome sequencing data and expression profile dataset GSE171558 related to primary bilateral adrenal macronodular hyperplasia from the gene expression omnibus,GEO, http://www༎ncbi༎nlm༎nih༎gov /geo). We filtered the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and performed weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) on this dataset.Gene Ontology (GO) ,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment Analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis(GSEA) were performed for the blue module genes. Protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis was performed based on the differentially expressed gene.We selected the overlapping genes of the hub gene in the blue gene module and the hub gene in PPI as the final hub gene of PBMAH. And we verified the final hub gene in the GSE25031 dataset.
Results
The blue gene model (677 genes) is mainly enriched in lipid metabolism, with the highest correlation coefficient with PBMAH. Through differential analysis, we screened out 487 DEGs, including 231 up-regulated genes and 256 down-regulated genes. PPI analysis identified 30 hub genes. GPC4 and VCAN were identified as the final hub genes of PBMAH.The raw data of GSE25031 verified the analysis results. The expression of GPC4 was significantly down-regulated in the PBMAH group compared with the normal control group, and VCAN was up-regulated considerably compared with the normal group. Analysis of GSEA data showed that VCAN was connected to PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, Phospholipase D signalling pathway, Rap1 signalling route, Ras signalling pathway, MAPK signalling pathway, etc. GPC4 was associated to cancer-related Pathways, Rap1 signalling pathway, PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, Wnt signalling pathway, etc.
Conclusions
GPC4 and VCAN may participate in the occurrence and development of PBMAH, and these,two hub genes may be potential targets for the intervention of PBMAH.
Experimental Study of Two-phase Pressure Drop in Adiabatic Tubes at Subatmospheric System Pressures
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Kothadia Hardik B.
Published: November 2023

The prediction of the frictional pressure drop in the two-phase flow has become highly crucial for the enhancement of heat transfer methodologies for various industrial applications in order to design thermal equipment efficiently. The pressure drop in the heat transfer equipment is affected by the system pressure, system geometry and working fluid. There is a dearth of literature on two-phase pressure drop in the conventional adiabatic tubes at subatmospheric system pressures. Experimental investigations on the pressure drop have been conducted at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 bar system pressures in 1500 mm long, 8, 13.7, and 18 mm diameter adiabatic tubes. The steam at 0 – 1 vapor quality is used at 32 – 660 kg/m2s mass flux in the adiabatic tubes. The effects of tube diameter, vapor quality, mass flux and system pressure on two-phase frictional pressure drop are investigated. In the liquid-vapor flow, the pressure drop experiences a non-linear increase with changes in vapor quality. The frictional pressure drop in two-phase flow is elevated with higher vapor quality, reduced subatmospheric system pressure, increased mass flux, and a smaller tube diameter. The correlations suggested for two-phase frictional pressure drop at higher system pressure predict the pressure drop reasonably in the adiabatic tubes at subatmospheric system pressure.
Unlocking the full potential of biogas systems for sustainable energy production and climate solutions in rural communities
Authors: Shen Bo
Published: November 2023

On-site conversion of organic waste into biogas to satisfy consumer demand for direct primary energy usage has the potential to mitigate climate change in a highly trustworthy manner. Existing approaches usually ignore either the targeted supply of biogas in dynamic situations or methane slippage, especially where the goal is to achieve energy equality in developing areas, which has become the main obstacle to achieving the full co-benefits of organic waste conversion. Here, we describe an upgraded community biogas production and distribution system (CBPD) to achieve a biogas consumption-to-production ratio of close to 1 in rural or remote areas, compared with the actual performance of five current CBPD systems. Improvements in the practical operation of CBPD systems are proposed to better align out-of-step biogas flow rates on the plant-side with user-side demand. We also demonstrate that upgraded CBPDs can achieve universally high and competitive benefits under the prevailing climate conditions, and that national deployment of such systems in China would contribute a 3.77% reduction in carbon emissions towards meeting the 1.5°C global warming target set by the Paris Agreement.
Chromatographic Separation of Silver-111 from Neutron-Irradiated Palladium Target: Toward Direct Labeling of Radiotracers
Authors: Tosato Marianna , Gandini Andrea , Happel Steffen , Bas Marine , Donzella Antonietta , Zenoni Aldo , Salvini Andrea , Andrighetto Alberto , Marco Valerio Di , Asti Mattia
Published: November 2023

Background:
Silver-111 is a promising β−-emitting radioisotope with ideal characteristics for targeted radionuclide therapy and associated single photon emission tomography imaging. Its decay properties closely resemble the clinically established lutetium-177, making it an attractive candidate for therapeutic applications. In addition, the clinical value of silver-111 is further enhanced by the existence of the positron-emitting counterpart silver-103, thus imparting a truly theranostic potential to this element. A so-fitting matching pair could potentially overcome the current limitations associated with the forced use of chemically different isotopes as imaging surrogates of lutetium-177, leading to more accurate and efficient diagnosis and treatment. However, the diffusion of silver-111 in vivo applications has been hindered so far by the challenges related to its production and radiochemical separation from the target material. To address these issues, this study aims to implement a chromatographic methodology for the purification of reactor-produced silver-111. The ultimate goal is to achieve a ready-to-use formulation for the direct radiolabeling of tumour-seeking biomolecules.
Results:
A two-step sequence chromatographic process was validated for cold Ag-Pd separation and then translated to the radioactive counterpart. Silver-111 was produced via the 110Pd(n,γ)111Pd nuclear reaction on the palladium target and the subsequent β−-decay of palladium-111. Silver-111 was chemically separated from the metallic target via the implemented chromatographic process by using commercially available LN and TK200 resins. The effectiveness of the separations was assessed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and γ-spectrometry, respectively, and the Ag+ retrieval was afforded in pure water. Recovery of silver-111 was > 90% with a radionuclidic purity > 99%.
Conclusions:
The developed separation method was suitable to obtain silver-111 with high molar activity in a ready-to-use water-based formulation that can be directly employed for the labeling of radiotracers. By successfully establishing a robust and efficient production and purification method for silver-111, this research paves the way for its wider application in targeted radionuclide therapy and precision imaging.
A rapid review to inform the policy and practice for the implementation of chronic disease prevention and management programs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in primary care
Authors: Yadav Uday Narayan , Davis Jasmine Meredith , Bennett-Brook Keziah , Coombes Julieann , Wyber Rosemary , Pearson Odette
Published: November 2023

Background
More than 35% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults live with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease. There is a pressing need for primary prevention and management of chronic diseases among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia. Therefore, this review aimed to synthesise a decade of contemporary evidence to understand the barriers and enablers of chronic disease prevention and management for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People with a view to developing policy and practice recommendations.
Methods
We systematically searched for peer-reviewed published articles between January 2014 to March 2023 where the search was performed using subject headings and keywords related to “Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples,” “Chronic Disease,” and “Primary Health Care”. Quality assessment for all included studies was conducted using the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool. The data were extracted and summarised using a conventional content analysis approach and applying strength-based approaches.
Results
Database searches identified 1653 articles where 26 met inclusion criteria. Studies varied in quality, primarily reporting on 14 criteria of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool. We identified six key domains of enablers and barriers of chronic disease prevention and management programs and implied a range of policy and practice options for improvement. These include culturally acceptable and safe services, patient-provider partnerships, chronic disease workforce, primary health care service attributes, clinical care pathways, and accessibility to primary health care services. This review also identified the need to address social and cultural determinants of health, develop the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous chronic disease workforce, support multidisciplinary teams through strengthening clinical care pathways, and engage Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in chronic disease prevention and management program design and delivery.
Conclusion
Enabling place-based partnerships to develop contextual evidence-guided strategies that align with community priorities and aspirations, with the provision of funding mechanisms and models of care through policy and practice reforms will strengthen the chronic disease prevention and management program for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
Radiation Dose Optimization for Improving the Sterile Insect Technique of the Cotton Leaf Worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: hassan Reda , Sileem Thanaa , sayed waheed
Published: November 2023

Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is one the successful methods for insect population suppression against many insect pests worldwide, another form of SIT, inherited sterilely (SIT/IS), is considered a promising tactic against Lepidoptera using sub-sterilizing doses of ionizing radiation rather than sterile doses. Optimization of irradiation doses is important for developing the SIT/IS operational for an efficacious programme. The present trial deals with the effective dose to induce sterility for improving SIT/IS against Spodoptera littoralis with particular emphasis on mating ability and competitiveness. Eight gamma radiation doses (0, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225 and 250 Gy) were used to irradiate full-grown male and female pupae of S. littoralis. Results indicated that the male moths was more radiosensitive than male moths, the dose of 175 and 250 Gy exhibited (0.0%) egg hatch of irradiated female and male moth, respectively. Moreover, the sperm transfer by irradiated male was drastically reduced by increasing the dose level, however, the percentages of spermatophore were increased among the F1 male as compared to the P1 at the same dose level. Full competitiveness was attained in the ratio of 3 irradiated: 1un-irradiated male moths at the doses 225 and 250 Gy. Field cage tests revealed that high levels of mating competitiveness were attained between irradiated and non-irradiated moths at all tested doses. Moreover, the copula duration showed insignificant differences among irradiation doses, however the duration was shorter in irradiated category that un-irradiated ones. The dose 225 Gy caused a full sterility of female moths and F1 male with high competiveness and can be used effectively in SIT/IS for S. littoralis management.
Challenges and priorities of nursing profession and services in Uganda: A qualitative study for strategic planning
Authors: OKUONZI Sam A , MWIZERWA Joseph , LYAVALA Michael , KABAYAMBI Joan , MPANGA Tony , ATUHAIRWE Irene , BAKUCANDIA Agnes
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Nurses and midwives make up the majority of health workers. Nursing services are needed in all settings throughout an individual’s life. Uganda has had no strategic direction for developing nursing and midwifery services.This study was done between August 1, 2021 and March 31, 2022 to understand the context and experiences of nurses and midwives for strategic planning of nursing in the country. Specifically, the objectives were to identify the challenges, strengths and opportunities, and priorities for strategic planning.
Methodology: Four methods were used: a scoping review of documents, a survey of views from nurses and midwives, and a qualitative study using key informant interviews and focus group discussions.
Findings: Considerable progress has been made to establish nursing and midwifery institutions, training and services, but major challenges remain. These challenges include weak leadership and governance, low political will, poor nursing image and status, poor quality nursing services, inadequate training, unfair employment conditions, long and costly licensing, absenteeism, extortion of money from patients and lack of nurses in hard-to-reach areas. The priorities are grouped under leadership and governance, training and professionalization, and service delivery.
Discussion and conclusion: There is need to mobilize political will, develop nursing leadership, elevate the nursing profession, and promote nursing status and image in society. The nursing profession has to be aligned with the equivalent health cadres. International and regional benchmarking is required for comparability. Research led and done by nurses about nursing has to become a key element in the profession. Qualification and service standards have to be reviewed, matched and enforced. The quality of services and the performance of nurses should be monitored and supervised regularly. Public health nursing ought to be revitalized for primary health care to support universal health coverage. Special arrangements and incentives need to be made to attract nurses to remote and hard-to-reach areas. In addition, specialization, advanced nursing, and private nursing ought to be promoted and benchmarked internationally and matched with other health sector professions.
Research on mechanical properties of loaded coal at the micro/nanoscale by coupling nanoindentation and SAXS experiments
Authors: Zhang Qi , Liu Yaoru , Li Xiangchun , Nie Baisheng , Meng Junqing
Published: November 2023

The relationship between the mechanical behaviors at macro and micro scales is of great significance for supplementing and explaining the physical and mechanical properties of loaded coal. An in-situ loading machine suitable for small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments was self-designed, and the mechanical properties and damage evolution mechanisms of loaded coal were revealed at the micro/nanoscale. It also looked at the connections between the macro damage evolution rules and the micro mechanical behavior shown by the interior minerals and microstructures of coal. The research results indicate that the microscale deformation of coal undergoes elastic, elastic-plastic, and plastic deformation stage. The linear relationship without intercept between hardness, fracture toughness, and elastic modulus is independent with the indentation depth. As the depth of indentation increases, the mechanical properties at the microscale of coal gradually stabilize, showing the excellent homogeneity. The surface fractal dimensions of coal samples are 2.42, 2.36, and 2.34, respectively. The increase in load does not change the surface roughness of loaded coal, while the complexity of the pore structure increases as the fractal dimension of the pores decreases. The research results also indicate that coal is a composite material composed of micro-pores, fracture structures, and various mineral components. The differences in geometric shapes and mechanical properties among these components are bound to influence the ultimate mechanical behavior of coal. The corresponding elastic modulus determined by the Mori-Tanaka homogenization model is 3.24 MPa, which is a little bit higher than the value determined by macro mechanical testing. An increase in the size or volume of the test sample will lead to an increase in the number of pores, cracks, or other defect structures, which are more likely to expand and evolve under external loads, thereby affecting the performance of macro mechanical behavior.
GPU Cluster Dynamics: Insights from Alibaba's 2023 Trace Release
Authors: Siavashi Ahmad , Momtazpour Mahmoud
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of GPU cluster traces from Alibaba, released in 2023, with a focus on unraveling the intricacies of node and pod configurations and their associated metrics. By dissecting the configurations of 1,523 nodes, predominantly GPU-based, we identify a wide array of configurations and GPU models, highlighting a balanced interplay between CPU cores and RAM across all nodes while also noting a decoupling between CPU/RAM and GPU-specific metrics in GPU nodes, indicating a nuanced approach to workload placement. Our investigation extends to an analysis of 8,152 pods, revealing diverse configurations and a significant prevalence of latency-sensitive pods, indicative of a cluster geared towards timely resource provisioning. The presence of Failed and Pending pods, however, underscores the complexity and challenges inherent in scheduling efficiency and resource allocation. By delving into both node and pod configurations and metrics, this study sheds light on the operational characteristics and workload patterns within the cluster. The insights gleaned from this analysis are invaluable for researchers, system designers, and operators, providing a nuanced understanding of the cluster's workings. This, in turn, lays the groundwork for future research and optimization efforts, ultimately contributing to the advancement of GPU cluster management and operation.
Mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 inhibits synoviocytes activation in rheumatoid arthritis through mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by SIRT3/mTOR axis
Authors: Tan min , Mao Jing , Li Jun , Zheng Jianxiong , Hao Jiayao , Shen Haili
Published: November 2023

Mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 (MST1) plays a pivotal role in the progression of cancer and autoimmune diseases by modulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, among other cellular processes. However, its role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its downstream targets remain unclear. In the present study, our results show that MST1 expression is significantly downregulated in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) from rheumatoid arthritis patients compared with FLSs from normal trauma controls. Furthermore, MST1 overexpression in RA-FLSs led to augmented apoptosis and a marked reduction in both cell migration and invasion. Mechanistically, upregulation of MST1 expression promotes mitochondrial fission, weakens mitochondrial fusion, curtails mitophagy, and inhibits NF-κB activation by constraining Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3). This cascade of events results in mitochondrial impairment and triggers the mitochondria-driven apoptosis pathway. This ultimately amplifies apoptosis, diminishes cell migration and invasion, and mitigates inflammation. Enhanced MST1 cleavage by the MST1 agonist, chelerythrine, alleviated joint synovial inflammation and bone and cartilage destruction and erosion in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA). In summary, this study suggests that MST1 regulates the activation of RA-FLSs through the interplay of mitochondrial fission, fusion and mitophagy, laying a foundation for exploring new therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis.
Blood Lead Levels and Their Association With Iron Deficiency and Anemia in Children
Authors: Disalvo Liliana , Varea Ana , Matamoros Natalia , Sala Marisa , Fasano María V. , González Horacio F.
Published: November 2023

Lead is a ubiquitous and neurotoxic heavy metal particularly harmful to children, who are more susceptible than adults to its toxic effects. The prevalence of lead poisoning and iron deficiency (ID) is high in socioeconomically vulnerable child populations, negatively affecting the child neurocognitive development. Despite numerous studies have shown the association between blood lead levels (BLL) and ID, the issue remains controversial. Here, we aimed to identify the association between BLL and iron nutritional status in children. We conducted an analytical cross sectional study of healthy children aged 1–6 y attending periodic health checks in primary healthcare units from La Plata and Greater La Plata, Argentina, between 2012 and 2017. We performed anthropometric evaluations and determined BLL, hemoglobin (Hb) and serum ferritin levels. Blood lead levels ≥ 5 µg/dL were defined as elevated BLL; ferritin levels < 12 ng/ml were considered ID; Hb levels < 11 g/dL (< 11.5 g/dL for children ≥ 5 y) were defined as anemia. Data were analysed using Mann Whitney test, Student´s t-test, chi-square test and logistic regression. The R package (v. 4.2.2.) was used for the statistical analysis of data. The sample included 392 children (mean age, 2.4 ± 1.4 y; 44.6% females). The prevalence of elevated BBL, ID and anemia was 8.7%, 26.3% and 31.8%, respectively. We found a significant association between elevated BLL and ID (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.16 (1.50, 6.63)). The prevalence of elevated BLL was 16.2% and 5.8% in children with and without ID, respectively (p = 0.003). We also found association between elevated BBL and anemia (OR, 95% CI: 3.03 (1.49, 6.29)). In conclusion, blood lead levels ≥ 5 µg/dL were significantly associated with ID and anemia in children aged 1–6 years.