bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic ultrasound evaluation of the ulnar nerve at the elbow in a healthy Colombian population
Authors: Jiménez Luis José María Suárez , Rivera Mateo Monroy , González Luis Alejandro García
Published: April 2024

Background
The diagnosis of cubital tunnel syndrome is traditionally based on the patient's medical history, findings from physical examination, and electromyography. However, with the advancement of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool, which is more comfortable for patients than is electromyography, there has been research and exploration into the possibility of using ultrasound measurements as a diagnostic method for cubital tunnel syndrome. Hence, it is convenient to familiarize a healthy population with ultrasound measurements.
Methods
Forty healthy volunteers (20 women and 20 men) underwent ultrasound (US) of the ulnar nerve at two different time points. In this observational study, we measured the short and long axes of the nerve, the cross-sectional area of the nerve, the nerve-trochlea distance, the width, and the depth of the epicondylar groove at different degrees of elbow flexion-extension and at different levels. We also determined the number of individuals who presented with dislocation or subluxation of the nerve in relation to the tip of the epicondyle at different degrees of elbow flexion-extension. Additionally, we calculated whether there were changes in the flattening index. Statistical analysis was performed using tests for normality with the Shapiro‒Wilk test, the median and interquartile range were used as summary measures. Subsequently, for continuous variables, comparisons of values between two groups were conducted using the Mann‒Whitney, and Kruskal‒Wallis test were applied.
Results
Women and men have median ultrasound cross-sectional nerve area measurements of 4.0 mm² and 5.0 mm², respectively, at the level of the medial epicondyle with the elbow flexed at 90 degrees. No statistically significant differences were found between measurements taken and calculated values regarding the ultrasound morphology of the elbow and ulnar nerve in individuals between the first and second measurements. Men have greater nerve-trochlea distances, groove widths, and cross-sectional areas (both ultrasound and formula-derived) than women at various elbow measurement locations. Individuals with a body mass index (BMI) > 25 have a larger ulnar nerve diameter than individuals with a BMI < 25.
Conclusions
This study provides normative data on ulnar nerve ultrasound at the elbow in a Latin-American population.
Impact of Bikinin on Brassinosteroid Signaling Pathway and its Influence on Barley Development
Authors: Groszyk Jolanta , Przyborowski Mateusz
Published: April 2024

Impact of bikinin, a Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitor, on long-term response of barley after spraying. Using three different concentrations of 10 µM, 50 µM, and 100 µM bikinin led to distinct phenotypic changes in shoot and root growth, leaf development, and photosystem II efficiency. Transcriptomic analysis revealed genotype-dependent responses, with Golden Promise exhibiting more significant changes than Haruna Nijo. Expression pattern of genes controlling the Brassinosteroid signaling pathway, as well as Western blot analysis, showed constitutive expression of HvGSK genes and HvGSK2.1 kinase activity in barley after bikinin treatment. On the other hand, analysis showed varied phosphorylation levels of HvBZR1 in response to high concentrations of bikinin, particularly in Golden Promise. The study contributes to understanding the intricate role of GSK3 in barley growth and the genotype-dependent effects of bikinin. Additionally, the research highlights the potential of bikinin as a tool for studying the Brassinosteroid-dependent pathways. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying barley responses to bikinin, shedding light on the complex interplay between GSK, BZR1, and Brassinosteroids in monocotyledonous plants.
Factors affecting the adoption of Artificial Intelligence in the food supply chain
Authors: Jokonya Osden , Bomvana Zimkhitha
Published: April 2024

The use of artificial intelligence in digital food systems can help solve specific concerns about food safety, quality, and waste by increasing transparency and traceability. However, the research on technology adoption in the digital food system is still in its infancy, and thus there is little information available on the factors affect that the adoption of AI in the food supply system. The research objective of the study was to explore factors that affect the adoption of AI in the food supply chain using a systematic literature review and quantitative content analysis. The study used secondary data from published articles on the adoption of Al in the food supply chain and adopted the Technological-Organisational-Environmental (TOE) factors as the theoretical lens for the study. The study results indicate that technological factors (usefulness, compatibility, and security), organizational factors (strategic objectives, and resource capacity), and environmental factors (maintenance and support, and government pressure) affect AI adoption in the food supply chain. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on factors that affect the adoption of AI in the food supply. Despite this contribution, the study has certain limitations that are worth mentioning. The research was based on both secondary and convenient sampling. As a result, future studies may focus on empirical studies employing different research approaches.
A Comparative Study of Blood Viscometers of 3 Different Types
Authors: Oh Ju Seok , Prabhakaran Prem , Seo Dong Kil , Kim Do Yeon , Lee Woonhyoung , Ahn Kyung Hyun
Published: April 2024

The greater the viscosity of the blood is, the more difficult the flow of theblood becomes, and the incidence of diseases caused by blood circulation disorders increases. Diseases related to increased viscosity are commonly associated with the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system. [1,2]
High blood viscosity is the cause of circulatory system diseases. Studies showing that blood viscosity can be accurately measured and applied in clinical trials to prevent diseases of the circulatory system can be found in the literature. [3]
Viscosity data can exhibit variations depending on the viscosity measurement methods, even if the methods are rooted in hydrodynamic principles. Even though it is an approved blood viscometer, the results of blood viscosity often differ depending on the type of viscometer. This has the potential to create confusion within the medical field.
Informing whether measurement results differ depending on the viscometer and what the level of error is for each measurement method will help reduce confusion in the medical community.
To our knowledge, the degree of difference in viscosity measurement results due to differences in these measurement methods and the cause of the difference have not yet been explored. In this study, three blood viscosity measurement methods registered with the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety of Korea were selected to study the same canine blood. The viscosity measurements were carried out using each device and compared. The parallel plate and scanning capillary methods had similar viscosity values, while the cone plate method had lower viscosity values.
The viscosity of blood, as measured by the three viscometers, differed, and more experimental data must be accumulated to evaluate the cause of the difference between these methods. In this paper, we pointed out several causes of inconsistency and suggested some measures for people to avoid this confusion. However, confirming that the test results show systematic differences is expected to help clinicians who diagnose and prescribe patients using blood viscosity results. The results of this comparative study are expected to be the starting point for the establishment of guidelines or standards for blood measurement methods.
Molecular mechanisms of Thalidomide effectiveness on COVID-19 patients explained: ACE2 is a new ΔNp63α target gene
Authors: POZZI SARA , MONTEONOFRIO LAURA , QUADRI ROBERTO , VIRDIA ILARIA , AMENDOLARE ALESSANDRA , MARZANO FLAVIANA , PARONI MOIRA , TULLO APOLLONIA , SODDU SILVIA , GUERRINI LUISA
Published: April 2024

COVID-19 pandemics is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, whose internalization and infection are mediated by the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2). The identification of novel approaches to tackle this step is instrumental for the development of therapies for the management of COVID-19 and other diseases with a similar mechanism of infection. Thalidomide, a drug sadly known for its teratogenic effects, has potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Treatment with this drug has been shown to improve the immune functions of COVID-19 patients and proposed for the management of COVID-19 in clinical practice through drug repositioning. Here, we investigated the molecular details linking Thalidomide to ACE2 and COVID-19, showing that in conditions mimicking SARS-CoV-2 associated cytokine storm, the transcription factor p63 and ACE2 are stabilized and IL-8 production is increased. In such conditions, we found p63 to bind to and regulate the expression of the ACE2gene. We previously showed that p63 is degraded upon Thalidomide treatment, and now found that treatment with this drug—or with its analogue Lenalidomide—downregulates ACE2 through p63 degradation. Finally, we found that Thalidomide treatment reduce in vitro infection by pseudo-SARS-CoV-2, a baculovirus pseudotyped with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Overall, we propose the dual effect of Thalidomide in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral re-entry and inflammation through p63 degradation to weaken SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells and mitigate lung inflammation, making it a valuable option in clinical management of COVID-19.
Community engagement for effective control of opisthorchiasis: A three-year mixed-methods study in rural Thailand
Authors: Charoensuk Lakhanawan , Chedtabud Kacha , Chaipibool Suwit , Laothong Umawadee , Suwannatrai Apiporn T. , Pinlaor Somchai , Prakobwong Suksanti
Published: April 2024

Background
Opisthorchiasis posed a significant risk of bile duct cancer and was a critical health issue in Southeast Asia, particularly in Thailand. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of rural participation in preventing and controlling O. viverrini infections in endemic areas.
Methods
A mixed-methods approach and One Health innovations were implemented over three years, involving 3,600 enrolled participants in 2020. The research integrated epidemiological data collection and risk factor analysis to comprehend the influence of community engagement on disease transmission. The evaluation of innovations was conducted by assessing the incidence of O. viverrini reinfection among participants from 2020 to 2023.
Results
The prevalence assessment revealed that 218 cases were infected with O. viverrini (6.0%) in the first year, with notable risk factors including proximity to water sources and raw fish consumption. Significant variables contributing to infection risk among participants (P < 0.001) included education level, participation in traditional ceremonies, inadequate sanitation, absence of ducks in nearby water sources, self-medication for parasitic conditions, and multiple infections within a household. Dogs, cats, and cyprinoid fish exhibited prevalence rates of 5.4%, 6.3%, and 11.5%, respectively. Geographic information analysis highlighted concentrations of infected households around water sources. One Health innovations, including in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, parasitic treatment, health education, and biological control using local free-range ducks, were implemented to reduce O. viverrini-infected cases over three years. In the second year, no human reinfections occurred, signifying positive impacts from interventions. In the third year, only nine participants (0.3%) were reinfected, with significantly lower egg intensity. Additionally, a reduction in metacercaria in fish was noted.
Conclusions
This research provided insights into dynamic changes in infection prevalence, offering a valuable contribution to effective disease control and community health promotion.
Association between fibromyalgia symptoms and Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy analysis of blood combined with chemometrics
Authors: Passos João Octávio Sales , Alves Marcelo Victor dos Santos , Cavalcante Antônio Felipe , Moura Shayanne , Lima Kássio MG , Pegado Rodrigo
Published: April 2024

Fibromyalgia typically involves pain, fatigue, and mood disruptions, often necessitating over two years and around four medical consultations for diagnosis. The combination of spectroscopy and chemometric techniques holds promise as a cost-effective and accurate strategy for screening fibromyalgia according to the association between the symptoms and spectral data. The study aimed to explore the association between spectrochemical analysis coupled to chemometric techniques with fibromyalgia symptoms. A total of 126 controls and 126 patients with fibromyalgia participated in the study. Blood plasma was analyzed using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy in conjunction with chemometric techniques for posterior association between pain, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, impact of fibromyalgia, quality of life and anxiety. The datasets underwent multivariate classification using supervised models. Different chemometric algorithms were tested to classify the spectral data and the association between symptoms. A clear accuracy discrimination was observed to moderate and severe pain (82.1%; 100%); kinesiophobia (84.6%; 80.8%), catastrophizing (87.5%; 81.8%), impact of fibromyalgia (74.8%; 77.8%), anxiety (100%; 76.9%) and mild and regular quality of life (93.2%; 81.4%). The obtained favorable classification results validate the effectiveness of this technique as an analytical tool for fibromyalgia detection.
Activation of lysosomal iron triggers ferroptosis in cancer
Authors: Rodriguez Raphaël , Cañeque Tatiana , Baron Leeroy , Müller Sebastian , Carmona Alanis , Colombeau Ludovic , Versini Antoine , Sabatier Marie , Sampaio Julio , Mishima Eikan , Picard-Bernes Armel , Solier Stéphanie , Zheng Jiashuo , Proneth Bettina , Thoidingjam Leishemba , Gaillet Christine , Grimaud Laurence , Fraser Cameron , Szylo Krystina , Bonnet Caroline , Charafe Emmanuelle , Ginestier Christophe , Santofimia Patricia , Dusetti Nelson , Iovanna Juan , Cunha Antonio Sa , Pittau Gabriella , Hammel Pascal , Tzanis Dimitri , Bonvalot Sylvie , Watson Sarah , Stockwell Brent , Conrad Marcus , Ubellacker Jessalyn
Published: April 2024

Iron catalyses the oxidation of lipids in biological membranes and promotes a form of cell death referred to as ferroptosis1-3. Identifying where this chemistry takes place in the cell can inform the design of drugs capable of inducing or inhibiting ferroptosis in various disease-relevant settings. Whereas genetic approaches have revealed underlying mechanisms of lipid peroxide detoxification1,4,5, small molecules can provide unparalleled spatiotemporal control of the chemistry at work6. Here, we show that the ferroptosis inhibitor liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1) exerts a protective activity by inactivating iron in lysosomes. Based on this, we designed the bifunctional compound fentomycin that targets phospholipids at the plasma membrane and activates iron in lysosomes upon endocytosis, promoting oxidative degradation of phospholipids and ferroptosis. Fentomycin effectively kills primary sarcoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. It acts as a lipolysis-targeting chimera (LIPTAC), preferentially targeting iron-rich CD44high cell-subpopulations7,8 associated with the metastatic disease and drug resistance9,10. Furthermore, we demonstrate that fentomycin also depletes CD44high cells in vivo and reduces intranodal tumour growth in an immunocompetent murine model of breast cancer metastasis. These data demonstrate that lysosomal iron triggers ferroptosis and that lysosomal iron redox chemistry can be exploited for therapeutic benefits.
The Distribution and Associated Factors of SARC-F and SARC-CalF in Community-Dwelling Older Adults of Kinmen
Authors: Ho Ching-Sung , Lee Shen-Ming , Chen Meng-Chi , Lin Chia-Ming
Published: April 2024

Purpose
This study aims to assess the distribution of SARC-F and SARC-CalF scores and identify associated risk factors among the elderly in Kinmen.
Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kinmen in 2022 at the community care stations. The sample consisted of 305 individuals aged over 65. The outcome variable was the SARC-Ca1F score, which was categorized as normal (< 11) or abnormal ( ≧ 11). Chi-square, and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted for inferential statistical analysis.
Results
A total of 3.9% exhibited abnormal SARC-F values ( ≧ 4), and 14.4% had abnormal SARC-Ca1F values ( ≧ 11). Younger age, higher educational level, and BMI ≧ 27 were independently associated with a lower abnormal rate of SARC-Ca1F scores in older adults in Kinmen. When considering the interaction effect between MNA scores, marital status, age and educational level, it was observed that single elders showed a higher abnormal rate of SARC-Ca1F values (OR = 2.299, p = 0.023). Those using Kinmenese and Chinese or solely Kinmenese had a higher abnormal rate of SARC-Ca1F values compared to others, (OR = 5.902 and OR = 9.341, respectively). Individuals with a BMI ≧ 27 exhibited a significantly lower abnormal rate of SARC-Ca1F values compared to those with a BMI falling between 22-23.99, (OR = 0.174).
Conclusions
Among the elderly population in Kinmen, individuals with younger age, higher education levels, and BMI ≧ 27 exhibit a lower prevalence of sarcopenia. Conversely, individuals who are single or use Kinmenese as their native language show a higher likelihood of developing sarcopenia, highlighting unique demographic influences.
Investigating the Impact of Beneficial Microorganisms Inoculated Cotton Plants on Spodoptera exigua
Authors: Kızılkan Nurhan Didem , Konuş Metin , Rişvanlı Mehmet Ramazan , Yılmaz Can , Kara Hilmi , Özgökçe Mehmet Salih , Çetin Doğan , Atlıhan Remzi
Published: April 2024

This study discusses the knowledge obtained about the plant-mediated effects of beneficial soil-borne microorganisms on survival rates, development, reproduction, and population growth parameters of Spodoptera exigua, a major cotton pest. Specifically, we examined how beneficial microorganisms impact the oxidative stress, chlorophyll content, sugar and protein levels within the cotton plant and subsequently influence the pest's population growth performance. We also evaluated the reciprocal effects of plant-insect-microorganisms interaction on total glutathione levels, glutathione S-transferase and esterase enzyme activities in S. exigua. The findings of this study revealed that there was no evidence of oxidative stress in the treated plants. However, the treated plants exhibited enhanced chlorophyll content while demonstrating reduced levels of Protein/Carbohydrate, consequently leading to a discernible decrease in the population growth performance of S. exigua. These results highlight the intricate interplay between oxidative stress, chlorophyll content, and nutritional composition, which collectively influence the population dynamics and performance of the treated plants. The concept of "host plant quality" which encompasses characteristics like nitrogen and carbon content, trace elements, and defence chemicals, played a crucial role in shaping the success of S. exigua. Changes in plant characteristics and nutrient balance can affect the performance of insects, even if they consume more leaves, leading to an increase in midgut tissue weight in S. exigua larvae. Consequently, this decrease in pest numbers is expected to enhance the plant's ability to withstand damage. Additionally, the findings from this study provided valuable insights and pertinent information regarding the intricate three-way interactions among plants, microorganisms, and pests, thereby offering potential strategies for implementing these interactions in pest management practices.
Dexamethasone compared to dexmedetomidine as parasternal block adjunct in cardiac surgery patients: an observational study.
Authors: Sepolvere Giuseppe , Sansone Pasquale , Cristiano Loredana , Sparaco Angelo , Tedesco Mario , Gagliardi Giuseppe , Costagliola Giuseppina , Scialdone Valeria Rita , Pasquariello Maria Rosaria , Zazzo Fabrizio Di , Merola Luigi , Valle Mirco Della , Galletta Roberta , Esposito Danilo , Vitale Dino Franco , De Bellis Antonio , D'Amora Mauro , Paternoster Gianluca , Erdoes Gabor , Bottazzo Leonardo Maria , Cosenza Gianluigi , Pota Vincenzo , Pace Maria Caterina , Coppolino Francesco
Published: April 2024

Background: Pain after cardiac surgery sternotomy is severe and compromises the respiratory mechanism leading to a delayed extubation. The parasternal block provides a long-lasting pain relief when performed with the use of adjuvants such as dexmetedomidine or dexamethasone resulting in early extubation and reduced length of stay in intensive care unit.
Methods: At the end of surgery, a bilateral superficial ultrasound parasternal block was performed with a 30 ml (15 ml per chest side) of 0.375% levobupivacaine (112,5 mg in total) Patients were allocated into two groups: patients without diabetes (n=125) received 0.1 mg/kg of dexamethasone; patients with diabetes (n= 222) received dexmedetomidine 1 mcg/kg.
Results: Weaning time from ventilator or self-reported pain severity did not show any statistically significant differences between the 2 groups. In 45.8%, VAS score 0 or no pain, was reported as early as the baseline examination 4 hours following the end of surgery. After 12 hours, this percentage rises to 97.1% up to 24 hours.
Conclusions: No statistically significant differences in postoperative cardiac surgery pain relief between dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine groups. Both dexamethasone and dexmetedomidine were effective as adjuvants on pain relief at 4 up to 24 postoperative hours. Weaning time from ventilator did not show any statistically significant differences between the two groups.
IDFequations: an R-based tool to generate intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) equations
Authors: Costa Fagner França da , Rufino Iana Alexandra Alves , de Aragão Ricardo , de Castro Marco Aurélio Holanda , Silva Rivaildo da Silva Ramos
Published: April 2024

IDFequations is a tool for determining intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) equations. It was specially developed to facilitate the adjustment of different probabilistic models in the frequency analysis of historical precipitation series and the adjustment of the IDF curve model without the user requiring prior knowledge about the model parameters. The tool integrates the ten most used statistical distributions to estimate maximum 1-day precipitation values for different return periods (Tr). A fitting equation was used to estimate sub-daily rainfall. The empirical parameters (k, m, t0 and n) were defined using an algorithm developed in the R programming language. It is directly connected to two precipitation database servers. It also provides IDF equations from precipitation estimation remote-sensing and local data.
Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Treatment on Myocardial Bridging in Symptomatic Patients Running Title: Surgical treatment outcomes of myocardial bridging
Authors: Zhang Boyao , Tan Mengwei , Fan Xingli , Lu Jie , Wang Guokun , Zhang Jiajun , Han Lin , Tang Yangfeng
Published: April 2024

Background
There is a paucity of data regarding surgical results of myocardial bridging(MB).Our study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of surgical treatment including coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and unroofing for MB in symptomatic patients who had chest pain refractory to medical therapy..
Methods
Among 124 adult patients diagnosed with myocardial bridging at our institution(2010–2019),85 underwent surgical intervention and 39 received medical treatment.To understand the potential benefit of surgical treatment,we excluded 21 patients with concomitant operations for other diagnoses or obstructive coronary disease.64 symptomatic patients with isolated left anterior descending(LAD) MB underwent surgical treatment,which included CABG for 56 patients and unroofing for 8 patients. All patients were followed up 1 to 10 years.We analyzed recurrent symptoms,postoperative medication use,and adverse cardiovascular events.
Results
Mean age was 60.9 ± 8.4 years(48 men [75%]).All patients underwent preoperative coronary angiography.Mean cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamp times were 53.5 ± 19.8 minutes and 24.0 ± 10.1 minutes,respectively.During follow-up(median, 28 months) there were no cardiac-related deaths.The reintervention rate after discharge in the operation group was lower than that in the non-operation group (14.3% vs. 35.9%, p = 0.027). The symptom improvement rate of patients in the operation group was higher than that in the non-operation group (82.8% vs 48.7%, p = 0.001). Through multivariate risk analysis, we found that antiplatelet strategies (p = 0.004, OR = 0.187, 95%CI = 0.059–0.594) were risk factors for graft restenosis in patients with CABG.
Conclusions
Surgical treatment can be performed safely and effectively in patients with chest pain and isolated LAD coronary artery myocardial bridging.However,patients should be aware of the potential for recurrent chest pain, and continued medical therapy was important.
The implications of social relationships for depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults: Results from the Korea Community Health Survey
Authors: Lee Ji Eun , Kim Seonji , Lee Jeehye , Hong Yun-Chul , Lee Kyung-Shin , Min Hye Sook
Published: April 2024

Background
Epidemiological findings have established a strong link between social relationships and mental health in older populations. However, a comprehensive exploration within diverse social contexts is warranted. This study aimed to identify the connections between social relationship and depressive symptoms among older adults in South Korea.
Methods
The 2017 and 2019 Korea Community Health Surveys were used to analyze 85,861 adults aged 65 years and older. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). A single question was used to measure gloom. Social contact, social activity, and perception of neighborhood served as variables related to social relationships. Associations were analyzed using hierarchical logistic regression.
Results
Among the participants, 5,632 (6.5%) experienced gloom and 3,770 (4.3%) had depressive symptoms. In the multivariate analyses, older adults with good social contact, social activity, and perception of neighborhood were less likely to be depressive. Additionally, participants were less likely to be depressed if they had a higher income, worked, slept longer hours, had higher education, consumed alcohol, and were physically active. Good social contact was robustly associated with fewer depressive symptoms in the lowest income subgroup.
Discussion
This study showed a close link between social relationships and depressive symptoms in older adults, highlighting the significance of social contact in low-income groups. A social context-based approach should be considered to prevent depression in older adults.
Experimental and parametric analysis of friction stir welding on AA 8011-H14 using multi-objective Taguchi-based grey relational analysis for structural applications
Authors: Radj B. Magamai , Natarajan Sendhil Kumar , Vasudevan Gopi
Published: April 2024

In this study, Taguchi grey relational analysis (GRA) is employed to optimize process parameters in a multi-objective fashion, aiming to maximize the mechanical characteristics of a 2-mm-thick friction stir-welded AA 8011-H14 aluminum alloy sheet. The experimental design utilized Taguchi's L9 factorial design, varying tool penetration depth, feed speed, and tool rotational speed. The study evaluated output responses, including ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, percentage elongation, and microhardness in the welded region. Macro and microstructure analyses were conducted on the optimized joints at different locations within the welded region. The impact of process parameters on GRA was investigated through analysis of variance. Results indicated that tool rotational speed exerted the most significant influence, followed by tool penetration depth and feed speed, in terms of enhancing output responses. The study also quantified the percentage contribution of each process parameter to friction stir welding.
Doubly Reflected Backward SDEs Driven by G-Brownian Motions and Fully Nonlinear PDEs with Double Obstacles
Authors: Li Hanwu , Ning Ning
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we introduce a new method to study the doubly reflected backward stochastic differential equation driven by G-Brownian motion (G-BSDE). Our approach involves approximating the solution through a family of penalized reflected G-BSDEs with a lower obstacle that are monotone decreasing. By employing this approach, we establish the well-posedness of the solution of the doubly reflected G-BSDE with the weakest known conditions, and uncover its relationship with the fully nonlinear partial differential equation with double obstacles for the first time.
Family member and service provider experiences and perspectives of a digital surveillance and service navigation approach: A qualitative study with a culturally diverse community
Authors: Barr Karlen R. , Hawker Patrick , Winata Teresa , Wang Si , Smead Melissa , Ignatius Hilda , Kohlhoff Jane , Schmied Virginia , Jalaludin Bin , Lawson Kenny , Liaw Siaw-Teng , Lingam Raghu , Page Andrew , Lam-Cassettari Christa , Boydell Katherine , Lin Daniel P. , Katz Ilan , Dadich Ann , Raman Shanti , Grace Rebecca , Doyle Aunty Kerrie , McClean Tom , Mento Blaise Di , Preddy John , Woolfenden Susan , Eapen Valsamma
Published: April 2024

Background
Children and families from priority populations experienced significant psychosocial and mental health issues to the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet they also faced significant barriers to service access, particularly families from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. With most child and family health nurse clinics ceasing in-person consultations due to the pandemic, many children missed out on health and developmental checks. The aim of this study was to investigate the perspectives and experiences of family members and service providers from an urban, CALD community regarding the implementation of a digital, developmental surveillance, Watch Me Grow-Electronic (WMG-E) program.
Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 family members, service navigators, and service providers in a multicultural community in South Western Sydney, Australia. This qualitative study formed part of a larger, two-site, randomised controlled trial of the WMG-E program. A reflexive thematic analysis approach was adopted to analyse the data.
Results
Participants highlighted the comprehensive and personalised support offered by existing child and family health services. The WMG-E was deemed beneficial because the weblink was easy and quick to use and it enabled access to a service navigator who support family access to relevant services. However, the WMG-E was problematic because of technology or language barriers, and it did not facilitate immediate clinician involvement when families completed the weblink.
Conclusions
Families and service providers found that using WMG-E empowered parents and caregivers to access developmental screening and learn more about their child’s development and engage with relevant services. This beds down a new and innovative solution to the current service delivery gap and create mechanisms that can engage families currently not accessing services, and develops and increases knowledge around navigating the health and social care services.
Trial registration:
The study is part of a large randomised controlled trial (Protocol No. 1.0, Version 3.1) was registered with ANZCTR (registration number: ACTRN12621000766819) on July 21st, 2021 and reporting of the trial results will be according to recommendations in the CONSORT Statement.
Creating subject competence translation tests with GPT-4: A case study in English-to-Turkish translations in the engineering domain
Authors: Sánchez-Torrón Marina , Ipek Egemen , Raído Vanessa Enríquez
Published: April 2024

As Machine Translation (MT) technologies become more advanced, the translation errors they generate are often increasingly subtle. When MT is integrated in ‘Human-in-the-Loop’ (HITL) translation workflows for specialized domains, successful Post-Editing (PE) hinges on the humans involved having in-depth subject competence, as knowledge of the specific terminology and conventions are essential to produce accurate translations. One way of assessing an individual’s expertise is through manual translation tests, a method traditionally used by Language Service Providers (LSPs) and translator educators alike. While manual evaluation can provide the most comprehensive overview of a translator’s abilities, they have the disadvantage of being time-consuming and costly, especially when large numbers of subjects and language pairs are involved. In this work, we report on the experience of creating automated tests with GPT-4 for subject competence assessment in the translation of English-to-Turkish engineering texts in HITL translation workflows. While there may be a level of usefulness in the resulting tests, they are not fit for direct implementation without further refinement.
An inertial self-adaptive algorithm for solving split feasibility problems and fixed point problems in the class of demicontractive mappings
Authors: Berinde Vasile
Published: April 2024

We propose a hybrid inertial self-adaptive algorithm for solving the split feasibility problem and fixed point problem in the class of demicontractive mappings. Our results are very general and extend several related results existing in literature from the class of nonexpansive or quasi-nonexpansive mappings to the larger class of demicontractive mappings. Examples to illustrate numerically the effectiveness of the new analytical results are presented.
Evaluation of the seismic susceptibility in the north of morocco considering the soil-structure interaction
Authors: janous soumaya el , Ghoulbzouri Abdelouafi El
Published: April 2024

Due to its geographical location, Morocco is situated on the northwest edge of the African plate, which is continuously moving towards and colliding with the Eurasian plate. This movement makes Morocco a country with moderate seismic activity, occasionally resulting in destructive earthquakes reaching a magnitude close to 6.5 (2004 Al Hoceima earthquake). The application of seismic building codes to new constructions has been mandatory in Morocco since 2002 for nearly all buildings located in areas other than Zone 0. However, there is no obligation for preventive strengthening concerning existing buildings. Yet, the seismic vulnerability of these structures can be quite high, and in the most exposed areas, significant loss of human life could be caused by high-intensity earthquakes. Seismic prevention must naturally be complemented by methods to determine the damage to a structure and, consequently, its vulnerability. Therefore, the objective of this contribution is to study the seismic performance and identify the levels of damage in reinforced concrete structures in the city of Al Hoceima, taking into account the nonlinear behavior of the structures and considering soil-structure interaction.
Three optical intervention methods for low myopia control in children: a one-year follow-up study
Authors: Lai Weixia , Diao Chunli , Li Haiping , Zhang Yuyi , Jia Yiyue , Wu Xixi
Published: April 2024

Objective This study aimed to compare the one-year efficacy of myopia prevention and control using three optical intervention methods - single vision lens (SVL), high aspherical lenticule (HAL), and orthokeratology (OK) lens - in children with low myopia.
Methods A cohort of 150 children aged 7-12 years with low myopia was recruited and divided into three groups: SVL (n = 50), HAL (n = 50), and OK group (n = 50), based on their preference for glasses. Follow-up assessments were carried out over one year, focusing on data from the right eye for statistical analysis. Baseline characteristics such as gender, age, axial length (AL), equivalent spherical refractive error (SER), flat keratometry (K1), steep keratometry (K2), anterior chamber depth (ACD), white-to-white corneal diameter (WTW), and non-contact tonometry (NCT) measurements were gathered and compared among the three groups before any intervention. Changes in AL growth after 1 year of intervention were assessed across the three groups. Subsequently, the AL growth control rates between the HAL and OK groups were compared, with the SVL group serving as the reference standard.
Results The study found no statistically significant variances in baseline characteristics (gender, age, SER, AL, K1, K2, WTW, and NCT) among the SVL, HAL, and OK groups (all p > 0.05). Following a one-year intervention, AL growth rates were as follows: HAL group (0.163 ± 0.1130mm) < OK group (0.280 ± 0.170mm) < SVL group (0.516 ± 0.190mm), with statistically significant disparities (p < 0.001). The HAL group demonstrated a higher 1-year AL growth control rate (68.41%) compared to the OK lens group (45.74%) for children aged 7-12 with low myopia, with a statistically significant distinction (p < 0.001).
Conclusion Compared to SVL, HAL and OK lens are more effective in controlling axial growth in mild myopia. Specifically, HAL shows superior outcomes in both preventive and corrective measures.
Buck technique supplemented by temporary intersegmental pedicle screw fixation to repair lumbar spondylolysis in youth
Authors: Ye Yu Chen , Yang Huiwen , Ma Tao , Zhu Kun , Xu Gang , Han Zhongbing , Zhang Zhili , Wu Nan , Li Huanyu , Zhou Ping Hui , Bao Zheng Qi , Zhang Chang Chun
Published: April 2024

Background
Lumbar spondylolysis is a bone defect in the pars interarticularis of the lumbar vertebral, which is a common cause of low back pain in youth. Although non-surgical treatment is a mainstream option, surgery is necessary for patients with persistent symptoms. Buck technique is widely used as a classical direct repair technique, but it cannot achieve reduction of low-grade spondylolisthesis and reconstruction of lumbosacral sagittal balance. We have described a novel surgical procedure based on Buck technique with temporary intersegmental pedicle screw fixation, and report a series of clinical outcomes in 5 patients to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of young lumbar spondylolysis.
Methods
Five young patients with symptomatic lumbar spondylolysis with a mean age of 21.50 ± 3.20 years underwent surgical treatment after an average of 7.60 ± 1.52 months of failure to respond to conservative treatment, using a new surgical procedure based on Buck technique combined with temporary intersegmental pedicle screw fixation.
Results
Five patients were successfully operated without serious complications such as nerve and vascular injury. The average operation time was 109.00 ± 7.42 minutes, the interpretative average blood loss was 148.00 ± 31.14ml, and the average fusion time was 11.20 ± 1.64 months. All patients were followed up for 2 years after surgery, and the visual analogue score (VAS) of low back pain and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores were significantly improved compared with those before surgery, and the Henderson’s evaluation were rated excellent or good. After the removal of the internal fixation, it was observed that temporary intersegmental fixation could repair the isthmus, reduce lumbar spondylolisthesis, and reconstruct the sagittal balance of the lumbosacral vertebrae while preserving lumbar motion and preventing intervertebral disc degeneration. Postoperative MRI indicated the Pfirrmann classification of the affected discs: 1 case from grade III to grade II, 3 cases from grade II to grade I, and 1 case remained grade II.
Conclusions
Buck technique supplemented by temporary intersegmental pedicle screw fixation is a highly applicable and effective method for the treatment of adolescent lumbar spondylolysis. The isthmic fusion is accurate, and temporary intersegmental fixation can effectively prevent disc degeneration and reconstruct the sagittal balance of lumbosacral vertebra.
Characteristics of Soil Salinity and Water-Salt Transport in the Vadose Zone of Salt-Impacted Regions with Variable Permeability
Authors: Ma Zhiyuan , Ge Yanyan , Pang Bo , Liang Wei , Tuerhong Ruze
Published: April 2024

Soil salinization poses a significant ecological challenge, emerging as a critical constraint to agricultural development in the arid and semi-arid regions of China, especially in southern Xinjiang. In particular, Yuepuhu County, situated in Kashgar, faces a distinctive issue. Impermeable thin clay layers within the vadose zone impede year-round leaching of salts, significantly impacting the growth of cotton. Through a combination of indoor testing, experiments, and statistical analyses, this study elucidated the varying permeability of soil layers at different depths and explored the forms and accumulation characteristics of soil salts in Yuepuhu County. It unveiled patterns of water and salt movement in soils with variable permeability layers, identifying key influencing factors. The research also proposed an irrigation regime suitable for cultivating vadose zone soils in the local context. The findings revealed a progression of increasing soil complexity and decreasing burial depth of clay layers from northwest to southeast, aligned with the direction of groundwater flow. With increasing depth, a noticeable reduction in soil saturated hydraulic conductivity was observed, indicating significant variability in permeability. Predominantly chloride-sulfate type saline soils in Yuepuhu County contained potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) as the main cations in surface soils. Salinity strongly correlated with calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). Chloride (Cl-), sulfate (SO42-), K+, Na+, and bicarbonate (HCO3-) reflected the degree of soil salinization in Yuepuhu County. The clay interlayers in variable permeability zones significantly impeded water and salt movement in the vadose zone. Moving from west to east, thicker and shallower clay interlayers hindered downward water movement, increasing the difficulty of salt leaching. Additionally, the irrigation regime influenced water and salt movement in the vadose zone. Under the same soil structure, flood irrigation with a higher water flux resulted in more significant salt leaching, and lower total dissolved solids (TDS) in irrigation water were more favorable for effective salt leaching. Collectively, our findings provided a theoretical foundation for improving and managing local saline soils, as well as guiding the implementation of rational agricultural irrigation practices.
A metagenomic assessment of bacterial community in spices sold open-air markets in Saint-Louis, Senegal
Authors: Sané Sarbanding , Diouara Abou Abdallah Malick , Coundoul Seynabou , Tene Sophie Déli , Kane Alé , Wade Serigne Fallou , Tamba Abdoulaye , Diop Mamadou , Mbaye Mame Ndew , Thiam Fatou , Dieng Modou , Mbengue Malick , Nguer Cheikh Momar , Sarr Aminata Diassé , Ndao Ababacar Sadikh , Kane Coumba Toure
Published: April 2024

Natural spices are reputed to play an essential role in human nutrition and well-being due to their organoleptic and therapeutic properties. Moreover, they are increasingly being processed on various scales, exposing them to potential sources of contamination. This study aimed to describe the bacterial community in spices sold in Senegal. Thyme, Curcuma, a mixture of 7 spices and "Local Spices or Herbs" (LSH) samples were collected in selected open-air markets in August 2022 in Saint-Louis, Senegal. DNA extraction was performed using the Omega E.N.Z.A Food DNA kit. PCR assays were based on a genomic fragment encoding bacterial 16S rRNA, which was subsequently sequenced using Oxford Nanopore technology (ONT). Sequencing was carried out on two batches of samples, one containing part of the "Local Spices or Herbs" (n = 10) designated as "a mixture of food seasonings", and the other, samples of a mixture of 7 spices, Curcuma, Thyme and the other part of the "Local Spices or Herbs" (n = 39). Analysis of the sequencing data showed high bacterial diversity and the predominance of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and Escherichia marmotae in the samples, with a total number of reads of 65744 and 165325 for the two batches, respectively. The sample category "Homemade mixture of food condiments (ready to use)", which includes all "Local Spices or Herbs" samples, showed remarkable bacterial diversity. These were followed by Curcuma, a blend of 7 spices and thyme, respectively. These results highlight a highly diverse genomic profile of the microbial community, including pathogenic bacteria, in spice samples. This is the first metagenomic study to assess microbial diversity and analyze microbial community structures in spices in Senegal.
Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived Dickkopf-1 suppresses NK cell cytotoxicity in breast cancer
Authors: Faccio Roberta , Lee Seunghyun , Ricci Biancamaria , Tran Jennifer , Ye Jiayu , Clever David , Eul Emily , Wang Julia , Wong Pamela , Ma Cynthia , Fehniger Todd
Published: April 2024

Breast cancer is poorly immunogenic, hence able to evade T cell recognition and respond poorly to immune checkpoint blockade. Breast cancer cells can also evade NK cell-mediated immune surveillance, but the mechanism remains enigmatic. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a Wnt/b-catenin inhibitor, whose levels are increased in breast cancer patients and correlate with reduced overall survival. DKK1 is expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in orthotopic breast tumors and patient samples, and at higher levels by bone cells. While bone-derived DKK1 contributes to the systemic elevation of DKK1 in tumor-bearing mice, CAFs represent the primary source of DKK1 at the tumor site. Systemic or bone-specific DKK1 targeting reduces primary tumor growth. Intriguingly, specific deletion of CAF-derived DKK1 also limits breast cancer progression, regardless of its elevated levels in circulation and in the bone. DKK1 does not support tumor proliferation directly but rather suppresses the activation and tumoricidal activity of NK cells. Importantly, increased DKK1 levels and reduced number of cytotoxic NK cells are detected in breast cancer patients with progressive bone metastases compared to those with stable disease. Our findings indicate that DKK1 creates a tumor-supporting environment through the suppression of NK cells in breast cancer.