bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The anatomy of the head muscles in caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona): Variation in relation to phylogeny and ecology?
Authors: Lowie Aurélien , De Kegel Barbara , Wilkinson Mark , Measey John , O'Reilly James C. , Kley Nathan J. , Gaucher Philippe , Adriaens Dominique , Herrel Anthony
Published: September 2022

In limbless fossorial vertebrates such as caecilians (Gymnophiona), head‐first burrowing imposes severe constraints on the morphology and overall size of the head. As such, caecilians developed a unique jaw‐closing system involving the large and well‐developed m. interhyoideus posterior, which is positioned in such a way that it does not significantly increase head diameter. Caecilians also possess unique muscles among amphibians. Understanding the diversity in the architecture and size of the cranial muscles may provide insights into how a typical amphibian system was adapted for a head‐first burrowing lifestyle. In this study, we use dissection and non‐destructive contrast‐enhanced micro‐computed tomography (μCT) scanning to describe and compare the cranial musculature of 13 species of caecilians. Our results show that the general organization of the head musculature is rather constant across extant caecilians. However, the early‐diverging Rhinatrema bivittatum mainly relies on the ‘ancestral’ amphibian jaw‐closing mechanism dominated by the m. adductores mandibulae, whereas other caecilians switched to the use of the derived dual jaw‐closing mechanism involving the additional recruitment of the m. interhyoideus posterior. Additionally, the aquatic Typhlonectes show a greater investment in hyoid musculature than terrestrial caecilians, which is likely related to greater demands for ventilating their large lungs, and perhaps also an increased use of suction feeding. In addition to three‐dimensional interactive models, our study provides the required quantitative data to permit the generation of accurate biomechanical models allowing the testing of further functional hypotheses.
Nitric oxide synthase activity: A novel potential biomarker for predicting Alopecia areata
Authors: Taskin Seyhan , Celik Hakim , Cakirca Gokhan , Manav Vildan , Taskin Abdullah
Published: September 2022

Background

Alopecia areata is a dermatological disease characterized by nonscarring type hair loss. The cause of Alopecia areata not known exactly but studies support that it has an autoimmune etiology in which oxidative stress play an important role.

Aim

This study was conducted to evaluate the level of nitrosative stress in Alopecia areata and to investigate the predictive power of nitrosative stress parameters for Alopecia areata.

Patients/Methods

Thirty patients diagnosed with Alopecia areata, and 30 healthy controls were included in a prospective, cross‐sectional study. In both groups, nitric oxide (NO·), peroxynitrite (ONOO−), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity as nitrosative stress markers were measured spectrophotometrically in serum samples. The predictive power of nitrosative stress parameters in Alopecia areata and control groups was compared with binary logistic regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis.

Results

NO·, ONOO−, and NOS activity were significantly higher in patients with Alopecia areata than in the control group (p = 0.001; p < 0.001; p < 0.001, respectively). A positive correlation was found between the parameters. Significantly, binary logistic regression modeling suggested that increases in NOS (p = 0.003, OR = 1.305, 95% CI = 1.095–1.556) activity were associated with Alopecia areata.

Conclusion

According to the data obtained from the present study, patients with Alopecia areata were exposed to potent nitrosative stress. In particular, peroxynitrite, which acts as a bridge between reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, caused the expansion of the oxidative stress cascade. Nitrosative stress might play a role in the etiopathogenesis of Alopecia areata. Nitrosative stress parameters, particularly NOS activity, may be potential markers for Alopecia areata.
Swear(ING) ain't play(ING): The interaction of taboo language and the sociolinguistic variable
Authors: Hunt Matthew , Cotter Colleen , Pearson Hazel , Stockall Linnaea
Published: September 2022

Swearwords influence social evaluation of a speaker in a variety of ways depending on social context (Jay & Janschewitz (2008), The pragmatics of swearing. Journal of Politeness Research. Language, Behaviour, Culture, 4(2), 267–288). Little attention has been paid to the role of linguistic variation in social perceptions of swearing, however. This paper presents two experiments that test the role of sociolinguistic variation in the social evaluation of swearing. Experiment 1 is a variant categorization task, in which participants categorized acoustically ambiguous swearwords and phonetically matching neutral and nonwords as ending in either “‐ing” or “‐in.” Results suggest that swearwords led participants to hear “‐ing” on ambiguous items. Experiment 2 is a matched‐guise task in which listeners heard a passage featuring a mix of swearwords and neutral “‐ing” words in one of four conditions: fully velar (All‐ing), fully alveolar (All‐in), only swearwords as velar (Swear‐ing), or only neutral words as velar (Swear‐in). Participants rated speakers on Likert scales (Schleef et al. (2017), Regional diversity in social perceptions of (ING). Language Variation and Change, 29(1), 29–56). Participants again displayed a tendency towards hearing “‐ing” on swearwords. As a result, responses to the Swear‐in guises were similar to those for the All‐ing guises. The consequences for our understanding of swearing, sociolinguistic perception and cognition, and style, are discussed.
Choosing between imperfect proxies for a corrective tax
Authors: Calcott Paul , Petkov Vladimir
Published: September 2022

Choices are sometimes distorted by internalities or externalities. This paper considers a setting in which the distortion cannot be taxed directly, and asks how a policymaker should choose a proxy variable to tax instead. We derive a criterion for when one proxy should be preferred to another, and consider a range of factors with implications for this criterion. These factors are (i) sensitivity to the tax rate, (ii) how accurately the taxed variable approximates the distorted variable, (iii) susceptibility to offsetting behavior, and (iv) consumer heterogeneity. Our analysis is illustrated with a comparison between ad valorem and volumetric taxes on sugar‐sweetened beverages.
Exploring companion animal caretakers' attitudes, perceptions and behavioural drivers of antimicrobial use within the social context of veterinary care
Authors: Frey E. , Kedrowicz A. , Hedgpeth M. W.
Published: September 2022

Objective

To explore companion animal caretakers' attitudes, perceptions and behavioural drivers of antimicrobial use within the social context of veterinary care.

Materials and Methods

Five semi‐structured focus groups were conducted with 26 cat and dog owners. Transcripts were subjected to thematic analysis to systematically code and classify themes related to the study objectives.

Results

Thematic analysis revealed five themes – trust‐building/relationships, shared decision‐making/empowerment, clear communication, judicious use and concerns surrounding antimicrobial use. Strong veterinarian–client relationships were the underlying factor influencing acceptance of antimicrobial use stewardship principles. Participants viewed themselves as advocates for their animals and preferred a relationship‐centred approach to care facilitated through competent communication. They cited the importance of clear communication related to diagnosis and antimicrobial recommendations including using client‐friendly terminology, providing explicit instructions for antimicrobial use, and having a shared plan for next steps and follow‐up communication. Participants reported challenges with administering antimicrobial drugs, expressed concerns with potential side effects and development of antimicrobial resistance. Consequently, they reported an interest in alternatives to antimicrobial drugs and a focus on preventive medicine that was counterbalanced with concerns for animal comfort and welfare.

Clinical Significance

Conversations about antimicrobial use can be reframed to include alternatives to antimicrobials as part of the treatment plan, and clients can be empowered to play a more active role in their animals' care. Veterinarians can apply core communication skills to advance antimicrobial stewardship principles and thereby contribute to preserving the effectiveness and availability of antimicrobials while preserving the trusting relationship and shared decision‐making between clients and veterinarians.
Predicting diversity changes in subalpine moorland ecosystems based on geometry of species distributions and realistic area loss
Authors: Makishima Daichi , Ishii Naohiro , Sutoh Rui , Goto Akihito , Kawai Yutaka , Taniguchi Hayami , Uchida Kei , Shimazaki Masaya , Nakashizuka Tohru , Suyama Yoshihisa , Hikosaka Kouki , Sasaki Takehiro
Published: September 2022

Question

How does plant species richness respond to simulated area loss based on the realistic geometry of area loss in subalpine moorland ecosystems?

Location

Hakkoda mountain range, Aomori, Japan.

Methods

We constructed species distribution models based on relationships between species distributions and environmental conditions in subalpine moorland ecosystems. We then simulated moorland area loss based on the realistic geometry of area loss from the past (1967) to the present (2019) to predict future changes in plant diversity. Here, we defined the realistic geometry of area loss as the plausible spatial pattern of future habitat loss. Finally, we analyzed how the rate of species loss in response to the realistic area loss can be explained by a range of factors including spatial patterns in species distributions, total number of species present, and environmental variables for the focal moorland.

Results

Within each moorland site, areas prone or those less prone to be lost were distributed non‐randomly at a local scale. In general, the patterns of species loss caused by the realistic area loss differed from those caused by random area loss. At most sites, realistic area loss caused a relatively small decline in species richness up to a certain threshold of area loss, and accelerating decline thereafter. None of the factors can explain the rate of decrease in species richness caused by the realistic area loss. At the species level, however, species with lower occurrence rates at a given site can be lost earlier than those with higher occurrence rates by the realistic area loss.

Conclusions

Patterns of habitat loss and species distributions are not spatially random, and the classical approach based on the species–area relationship assuming random area loss can thus either under‐ or overestimate the risk of species loss.
Neural network approximation for superhedging prices
Authors: Biagini Francesca , Gonon Lukas , Reitsam Thomas
Published: September 2022

This article examines neural network‐based approximations for the superhedging price process of a contingent claim in a discrete time market model. First we prove that the α‐quantile hedging price converges to the superhedging price at time 0 for α tending to 1, and show that the α‐quantile hedging price can be approximated by a neural network‐based price. This provides a neural network‐based approximation for the superhedging price at time 0 and also the superhedging strategy up to maturity. To obtain the superhedging price process for , by using the Doob decomposition, it is sufficient to determine the process of consumption. We show that it can be approximated by the essential supremum over a set of neural networks. Finally, we present numerical results.
Antinomies of Alignment: Kuwait and the United States
Authors: Lawson Fred H. , Legrenzi Matteo
Published: September 2022

Kuwait has forged a strong bilateral security alignment with the United States over the past three decades. But it has also pursued foreign policies that run counter to expressed American objectives and priorities in the Gulf and the broader Middle East. Why this happens can best be explained in terms of a combination of shifts in the overt US commitment to the partnership and changes in the level of threat in the region.
Iran at War: From Cyrus to Soleimani
Authors: Hashim Ahmed S.
Published: September 2022

Iran’s armed forces have made tremendous strides since the decade‐long war with Iraq in the 1980s. Tehran’s cultivation of ideologically sympathetic forces, along with the provision of material help, has allowed Iran to project power and influence throughout the Middle East. Some policy analysts who study Iran’s military development are biased and lack cultural understanding, contending that the republic is driven by unchanging customs, beliefs, and norms that reach back to ancient times. The work of military scholars often makes up for this deficiency, though policy makers tend to be uninterested in evidence that does not support the prevailing narrative about Iran’s “malign” nature and behavior. This article, which condenses my forthcoming book, takes no partisan position, laying out an interdisciplinary analysis of the Iranian case that straddles military history, strategic studies, and historical sociology. It assesses the concept of the way of war, then applies it to Iran and traces its evolution from the Achaemenid dynasty to that of the Pahlavis.
Dynastic Sacredness: Islam and the Arab Spring in Morocco
Authors: Issaev Leonid , Zakharov Andrey
Published: September 2022

The ruling dynasty of Morocco is one of very few that tracks its royal bloodline back to the Prophet Muhammad himself. Did this lineage contribute to the fact that the North African monarchy was barely touched by the tumultuous Arab Spring of 2011–12? This article challenges such assertions. Despite its divine inception, Moroccan royal power survived the era of modernity solely thanks to the French, who invested in their colony during the protectorate (1912–56). It was France that elevated the royals and allowed for the throne to become the pillar of Moroccan nationalism. This venerable lineage would have been futile had the royal family not learned the sophisticated methods of political struggle against its competitors. The dynasty established a unique system of holding the opposition back in such a way that it simultaneously becomes a bulwark of the state's stability. In addition, the bureaucratization of Islam became a key tool in the Moroccan state‐building arsenal: Religious practice can be conducted only in accordance with the government rulebook. In other words, Morocco's present‐day stability has nothing to do with religion itself, but rather with politics—and the last North African monarchy might still see an Arab Spring awakening.
Replies to Bergmann and Conee
Authors: Lycan William G.
Published: September 2022

This paper replies to commentary on my On Evidence in Philosophy, offered by critics Michael Bergmann and Earl Conee. It addresses their concerns regarding (1) whether my explanatory coherentism can explain the justification of introspective beliefs; (2) whether my epistemology is really coherentist rather than foundationalist; (3) my Principle of Humility; (4) my defense of free‐will compatibilism; (5) whether question‐begging is always unacceptable; and (6) whether intuitions qualify as evidence.
Cooperative feeding and foraging lateralization by Eden's whales off southern China
Authors: Chen Bingyao , Wu Caiwen , Ballance Lisa T , Fertl Dagmar , Jiang Huiping , Qiao Ying , Du Zhuoxuan , Zhang Yu , Yang Feng , Yang Guang , Pitman Robert L.
Published: September 2022

We investigated surface feeding behaviors of Eden's whales (Balaenoptera edeni edeni) in northern Beibu Gulf, southern China, between April 3, 2018, and April 26, 2021. During 122 days at sea, 1,065 individual feeding events were recorded, and eight feeding behaviors were identified: two nonlunging (tread‐water and/or trap‐feeding, 7.7%, and a novel behavior we call “pirouette feeding,” 15.3%) and six lunging (right lateral lunging, RLL, 10.9%; left lateral lunging, 0.2%; upright lunging, 6.3%, vertical lunging, 18.5%; inverted lunging, 0.3%; cooperative lateral lunging, COL, 40.9%). During COL, 2–8 whales swam clockwise around a fish school and simultaneously performed RLL on surfacing—the first cooperative feeding behavior recorded for a Balaenoptera whale. Five lateralized feeding behaviors (entailing either a left or right rotation on the long‐body axis) accounted for 65.8% of individual feeding events, with a strong right‐side bias (99.7%). Lateralized behavior is prevalent in many vertebrates, including several species of rorquals, and we suggest that the right‐biased foraging lateralization among rorquals specifically allows them to keep their right eye on their prey (i.e., a sensory versus motor lateralization), and that this shared asymmetry among conspecifics may have preadapted Eden's whale for cooperative foraging.
A standardized approach to airway management during Abbé flap reconstruction
Authors: Fernstrum Colton , Deichmann Paige , Duncan Forrest , Humphries Laura , Hoppe Ian
Published: September 2022

Background

The Abbé flap is a two‐staged procedure to address upper lip tightness, creating a surgically closed mouth during the first stage. Airway manipulation and management in the setting of a surgically closed mouth presents a challenge from an anesthetic standpoint.

Aims

This study aims to describe the authors' standardized approach to airway management in cleft lip patients undergoing Abbé flap reconstruction.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed including consecutive patients who underwent Abbe flap reconstruction at a single institution from 2019 to 2021. Five patients were included, and information regarding airway, intubation sequence, and emergence was gathered.

Results

During the initial surgery, the airway was secured via nasotracheal intubation to allow for adequate surgical exposure. On emergence, with a newly constructed surgically closed mouth, the anesthesiologist forfeits the ability to reintubate should the patient fail extubation without the use of nasal fiberoptic guided intubation or flap deinset. In addition, any coughing or tension on the surgical site could cause inadvertent disruption to the integrity of the new flap. Dexmedetomidine titrated to effect was used to allow for smooth emergence, with the surgeon present. During the second stage, the patient was kept spontaneously breathing while local anesthetic and intravenous anxiolytic allowed for pedicle division. The patient was then orally intubated, and the flap was inset. All five patients had successful reconstruction with no airway concerns or events.

Conclusions

The proposed standardized approach to airway management during Abbé flap reconstruction was safe and effective in this limited series of patients.
Loneliness andHbA1camong older Irish couples: Retirement as life stage context
Authors: Stokes Jeffrey E. , Barooah Adrita
Published: September 2022

Loneliness is an important determinant of health and mortality among the aging population, including for cardiometabolic health. Yet research has largely focused on individual experiences of loneliness, rather than taking intimate relationships into account. However, recent studies have highlighted that loneliness of a partner may have implications for one's own health and well‐being as well. Indeed, this is particularly true among older couples, as life events and shifting time horizons (e.g., retirement, reduced social networks) can lead to greater prominence and salience of one's closest relationships. This study uses dyadic structural equation modeling (SEM) to estimate actor‐partner interdependence models (APIM) examining associations between loneliness and HbA1c levels among 1331 older married couples from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging (TILDA, 2009–2011). Furthermore, we test whether any such actor or partner effects vary by employment status. Results indicated that one's own loneliness was not significantly linked with HbA1c, irrespective of employment status. However, loneliness of a dyadic partner was significantly associated with elevated HbA1c among retired persons only. These findings underscore that relationship and life course context are crucial when considering the dyadic implications of loneliness for health among the older population.
Diversification in Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) follows topographic deformation along the Greater Caucasus range
Authors: Hrivniak Ľuboš , Sroka Pavel , Godunko Roman J. , Manko Peter , Bojková Jindřiška
Published: September 2022

The evolution and distribution of mountain biota are closely linked with mountain formation and topographic complexity. Here we explore the diversification of cold‐tolerant mayflies of the subgenus Epeorus (Caucasiron) in the south‐eastern Greater Caucasus, an area of dynamic changes in topography since the Miocene, driven by the convergence of the Greater and Lesser Caucasus. We hypothesized that orogenic processes promoted the diversification of E. (Caucasiron) and that the resultant diversification pattern followed the timing and progress of mountain formation along the range. A new evolutionary lineage of E. (Caucasiron) distributed in the central‐eastern Greater Caucasus was found and described as Epeorus (Caucasiron) tripertitus sp.n. It consists of three clades clearly differentiated based on mitochondrial sequence data, but indistinguishable by morphological traits. Based on a time‐calibrated phylogeny using mitochondrial (COI, 16S) and nuclear (EF, wg, 28S) markers, we found that a gradual allopatric diversification of the ancestral population of E. (C.) tripertitus sp.n. dated to a period lasting from the late Miocene to the Pleistocene spread eastward along the range. This pattern corresponded with the process of topographic deformation which started in the central part of the range in the Miocene and progressed to the east during the Pliocene/Pleistocene. The results implied the dominant role of mountain building on the biotic diversification of this region and continuing recent speciation in the south‐eastern part of the mountains.
Identification of the novel allele, HLA‐A*02:11:01:06, in two North Indian individuals in a Kshatriya family
Authors: Tambe Manisha , D'silva Selma Z. , Pinto Andrea S. , Parsaniya Bansi , Singh Meenakshi
Published: September 2022

The novel allele HLA‐A*02:11:01:06 as compared with HLA‐A*02:11:01:01 displays polymorphism at position; gDNA 1562 (C>A).
Synthesis and characteristics of Sn-doped SiO2 via plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition for self-aligned patterning
Authors: Park Suhyeon , An Junyung , Jeon Hyeongtag
Published: September 2022

Sn-doped SiO2 thin films as a spacer for self-aligned patterning were deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition and their characteristics were evaluated. This doping research was conducted to improve the mechanical properties of SiO2 films, which have been conventionally used as a spacer material. Because pure SiO2 films have a low Young's modulus, the pattern is stretchable and may collapse as the patterning size decreases. The ratio of the SnO2 and SiO2 deposition cycle was varied from 15(SiO2):1(SnO2) to 3(SiO2):1(SnO2) to modify the film characteristics. X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer analyses revealed whether Sn was doped in SiO2 or became a nanolaminate. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that a greater amount of Sn in the SiO2 thin film resulted in a binding energy shift toward the lower binding energy Si2p and Sn3d peaks, and more Si–O–Sn chemical bonding, which increased the number of stiffer ionic bonds as the SnO2 cycle ratio was increased. Therefore, Young's modulus measured by using a nanoindenter increased from 39.9 GPa for SiO2 films to 90.9 GPa for 3(SiO2):1(SnO2) films. However, the hardness results showed a different tendency due to the not well-distributed nanolaminate film structure showing a tendency to decrease and then increase as doping increases. Moreover, the growth rate and film density were evaluated by XRR. The growth per cycle (GPC) of SiO2 was 1.45 Å/cycle and the GPC of SnO2 was 1.0 Å/cycle. The film density of SiO2 was 2.4 g/cm3 and the film density of SnO2 was 4.9 g/cm3. Also, the GPC and film density values of the Sn-doped SiO2 films were in between the values of pure SiO2 and SnO2. The dry etch rate was also measured by reactive ion etching using CF4 plasma with 150 W for 1 min.
Photoelectron spectroscopic studies on metal halide perovskite materials
Authors: Sun Shuang-Qiao , Fung Man-Keung , Lee Shuit-Tong
Published: September 2022

Modifications of the surface and interfacial properties of metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have become pivotal strategies in designing high-performance photovoltaics and light-emitting diodes. Particularly, photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) plays a vital role in the advancement of MHP-based optoelectronic devices. Herein, we review the recent studies of PESs for perovskite devices. We first give an overview of the principles of PES and related techniques. Different properties of halide perovskite material unveiled by PES are then discussed, including elemental compositions, chemical states, electronic band structures, interfaces of MHPs and functional layers, ions distribution, and thermal- and moisture-induced degradation mechanism. We also revisit some of the issues when carrying out PES measurements on MHPs, such as irradiation and ambient effects and the uncertainty in determining band edge. Based on these findings, we foresee that PES techniques combined with advanced optical and electron microscopies will become increasingly important to correlate the molecular dynamics with the interfacial and chemical properties of MHP materials and devices.
Aluminum hydroxide, bayerite, boehmite, and gibbsite ToF-SIMS spectra in the negative ion mode. I
Authors: Strange Lyndi , Zhang Yuchen , Son Jiyoung , Gao Jun , Joshi Vineet , Yu Xiao-Ying
Published: September 2022

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was performed for boehmite (AOH-60) and its potential products of oxidation including pseudo-boehmite (AOH-180), α- and γ-Al2O3, and α- and γ-Al(OH)3. Since boehmite is often incorporated on cladding materials to prevent corrosion, surface analysis techniques are performed to determine the amount of oxidation present. This ToF-SIMS spectral library is of significance because it includes boehmite and its potential oxidation products (i.e., aluminum oxide and hydroxide), which can be used to compare to spectra obtained for real-world samples containing boehmite. Furthermore, ToF-SIMS is often used as a complementary technique to x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy due to its surface sensitivity and ability to compare spectra via a multivariate analysis, therefore establishing that the molecular signatures of boehmite and relevant compounds are essential for peak identification. The SIMS spectra shown are acquired from commercially available powders, which were deposited onto a silicon wafer substrate via liquid slurry drop casting. This library of SIMS mass spectra will serve as a comparison of boehmite [γ-AlO(OH)], pseudo-boehmite [AlOOH⋅nH2O], α- and γ-aluminum oxide [Al2O3], and α- and γ-aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3] in the negative ion mode, which compliments those reported in the positive ion mode {Part II [L. Strange et al., Surf. Sci. Spec. 29, 025002 (2022)]}.
Aluminum hydroxide, bayerite, boehmite, and gibbsite ToF-SIMS spectra in the positive ion mode. II
Authors: Strange Lyndi , Zhang Yuchen , Son Jiyoung , Gao Jun , Joshi Vineet , Yu Xiao-Ying
Published: September 2022

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was performed for boehmite (AOH-60) and its potential products of oxidation including pseudo-boehmite (AOH-180), α- and γ-Al2O3, and α- and γ-Al(OH)3. Since boehmite often forms on cladding materials to prevent corrosion, surface analysis techniques are performed to determine the amount of oxidation present. This ToF-SIMS spectral library is of significance because it includes boehmite and its potential oxidation products (i.e., aluminum oxide and hydroxide), which can be used to compare to spectra obtained for real-world samples containing boehmite. Furthermore, ToF-SIMS is often used as a complementary technique to x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy due to its surface sensitivity and ability to compare spectra via a multivariate analysis, therefore establishing that the molecular signatures of boehmite and relevant compounds are essential for peak identification. The SIMS spectra shown are acquired from commercially available powders, which were deposited onto a silicon wafer substrate via liquid slurry drop casting. This library of SIMS mass spectra will serve as a comparison of boehmite [γ-AlO(OH)], pseudo-boehmite [AlOOH⋅nH2O], α- and γ-aluminum oxide [Al2O3], and α- and γ-aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3] in the positive ion mode, which compliments those reported in the negative ion mode {Part I [L. Strange et al., Surf. Sci. Spectra 29(2), 025001 (2022)]}.
Refraction-corrected backscatter tensor imaging of excised porcine ventricular myocardium
Authors: Cormack John M. , Simon Marc A. , Kim Kang
Published: September 2022

Backscatter tensor imaging (BTI) is performed on excised porcine right- and left-ventricular myocardium to estimate the transmural myofiber orientation. Calculation of the backscatter spatial coherence employs measured sound speeds of the myocardium and the fluid that separates the tissue from the imaging array to account for effects of refraction during the delay-and-sum beamforming calculation. Compared to the assumption of a homogeneous sound speed in the imaging region, accounting for refraction yields significantly increased average spatial coherence as well as contrast of spatial coherence between the along- and across-fiber directions, thus improving sensitivity of BTI for myofiber orientation estimation.
Physical Activity Intensity of Singles and Doubles Pickleball in Older Adults
Authors: Webber Sandra C. , Anderson Scott , Biccum Logan , Jin Sava , Khawashki Shahd , Tittlemier Brenda J.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to measure heart rate, activity intensity, and steps in recreational singles and doubles pickleball players. We collected data in 22 singles and 31 doubles players (62.1 ± 9.7 years of age) using Garmin Fenix 5 watches (Garmin International, Inc.) and ActiGraph GT3X+ (ActiGraph LLC) accelerometers. Mean heart rates during singles and doubles were 111.6 ± 13.5 and 111.5 ± 16.2 beats/min (70.3% and 71.2% of predicted maximum heart rate), respectively. Over 70% of singles and doubles playing time was categorized in moderate to vigorous heart rate zones whereas 80.5% of singles time and 50.4% of doubles time were moderate based on Freedson accelerometer cut-points. Steps per hour were higher in singles versus doubles (3,322 ± 493 vs. 2,791 ± 359), t(51) = 4.540, p < .001. Singles and doubles pickleball are moderate- to vigorous-intensity activities that can contribute substantially toward older adults meeting physical activity guidelines.
A Cephalosporin-Tripodalamine Conjugate Inhibits Metallo-β-Lactamase with High Efficacy and Low Toxicity
Authors: Tian Hongyan , Wang Yiwan , Dai Yang , Mao Anwen , Zhou Wanqing , Cao Xiaoli , Deng Hui , Lu Hao , Ding Lin , Shen Han , Wang Xiaojian
Published: September 2022

The wide spread of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-expressing bacteria has greatly threatened human health, and there is an urgent need for inhibitors against MBLs. Herein, we present a cephalosporin-tripodalamine conjugate (DPASC) as a potent MBL inhibitor with a block-release design.
Pharmacokinetics of Ascending Doses of Praziquantel in Adults Infected with Opisthorchis felineus in Western Siberia, Russian Federation
Authors: Probst Alexandra , Hofmann Daniela , Fedorova Olga S. , Mazeina Sofia V. , Sokolova Tatiana S. , Golovach Ekaterina , Keiser Jennifer
Published: September 2022

Opisthorchiasis due to the liver fluke
Opisthorchis felineus
is highly prevalent in rural regions of Western Siberia, causing severe liver and bile duct maladies. Praziquantel administered as a three-dose regimen is the only drug used to treat
O. felineus
-infected individuals. A simpler single-dose treatment might serve as an alternative. The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of single, ascending doses of praziquantel compared to multiple dosing in patients infected with
O. felineus
to contribute to updated treatment guidelines.
Mutagenesis and Resistance Development of Bacteria Challenged by Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Kun , Li Haichao , Cui Xiao , Feng Ruobing , Chen Weizhe , Jiang Yuchen , Tang Chao , Wang Yaohai , Wang Yan , Shen Xiaopeng , Liu Yufei , Lynch Michael , Long Hongan
Published: September 2022

Because of their extremely broad spectrum and strong biocidal power, nanoparticles of metals, especially silver (AgNPs), have been widely applied as effective antimicrobial agents against bacteria, fungi, and so on. However, the mutagenic effects of AgNPs and resistance mechanisms of target cells remain controversial.
Kin Discrimination Modifies Strain Distribution, Spatial Segregation, and Incorporation of Extracellular Matrix Polysaccharide Mutants of Bacillus subtilis Strains into Mixed Floating Biofilms
Authors: Bolješić Maja , Kraigher Barbara , Dogsa Iztok , Jerič Kokelj Barbara , Mandic-Mulec Ines
Published: September 2022

Biofilm communities have beneficial and harmful effects on human societies in natural, medical, and industrial environments.
Bacillus subtilis
is a biotechnologically important bacterium that serves as a model for studying biofilms. Recent studies have shown that this species engages in kin discriminatory behavior during swarming, which may have implications for community assembly, thus being of fundamental importance.
Rapid Gene Target Tracking for Enhancing β-Carotene Production Using Flow Cytometry-Based High-Throughput Screening in Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Zhang Jin , Liu Xiaoqin , Hou Jin , Qi Qingsheng
Published: September 2022

β-Carotene is a high-value-added product that is widely used in the aquaculture, food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. In our previous study,
Yarrowia lipolytica
has been engineered extensively to produce β-carotene.
Disruption of the
tagF
Orthologue in the
epa
Locus Variable Region of Enterococcus faecalis Causes Cell Surface Changes and Suppresses an
eep
-Dependent Lysozyme Resistance Phenotype
Authors: Rouchon Candace N. , Weinstein Arielle J. , Hutchison Carissa A. , Zubair-Nizami Zahra B. , Kohler Petra L. , Frank Kristi L.
Published: September 2022

Enterococcus faecalis
is a leading cause of health-care-associated infections for which there are limited treatment options.
E. faecalis
is resistant to several antibiotics and to high concentrations of the human antimicrobial enzyme lysozyme. The molecular mechanisms that mediate lysozyme resistance in
E. faecalis
are complex and remain incompletely characterized.
Genome Sequences of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus SAT2 Strains Purified from Coinfected Cape Buffalo in Kenya
Authors: Palinski Rachel M. , Sangula Abraham , Gakuya Francis , Bertram Miranda R. , Pauszek Steven J. , Hartwig Ethan J. , Smoliga George R. , Obanda Vincent , Omondi George P. , VanderWaal Kimberly , Arzt Jonathan
Published: September 2022

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) SAT2 sequences were acquired from Cape buffalo in Kenya in 2016, from either primary passage (
n
= 38) or plaque purification of dually SAT1/SAT2-infected samples (
n
= 61). All samples were derived from asymptomatic animals. These sequences contribute to our understanding of FMDV diversity in reservoirs and during subclinical FMDV infections.
Physiological, Biochemical, and Structural Bioinformatic Analysis of the Multiple Inositol Dehydrogenases from Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Ramp Paul , Pfleger Christopher , Dittrich Jonas , Mack Christina , Gohlke Holger , Bott Michael
Published: September 2022

myo
-,
scyllo
-, and
d
-
chiro
-inositol are C
6
cyclic sugar alcohols with various biological functions, which also serve as carbon sources for microbes. Inositol catabolism starts with an oxidation to keto-inositols catalyzed by inositol dehydrogenases (IDHs).
Species Diversity of
Cordyceps
-Like Fungi in the Tiankeng Karst Region of China
Authors: Chen Wan-Hao , Liang Jian-Dong , Ren Xiu-Xiu , Zhao Jie-Hong , Han Yan-Feng , Liang Zong-Qi
Published: September 2022

Karst Tiankeng has a special eco-environment and acts as a refugium for biodiversity. However, there are few reports on Ascomycota from the Tiankeng karst region.
Recent Volumetric Deformations of Fault Zones
Authors: Kuzmin Yu. O.
Published: September 2022

Abstract—Volumetric (non-shear) deformations of fault zones measured from leveling data are analyzed. It is shown that volumetric deformations within fault zones lead to symmetric local surface subsidence. Examples of anomalous subsidence identified in the Ashgabat fault zone (North Kopet Dag) and in the fault zones of the underground gas storage facility are presented. A mechanism describing the formation of these anomalous deformations based on the models of poroelastic inclusion and poroelastic inhomogeneity is proposed. The problem about surface displacements of elastic halfspace with a poroelastic region in the form of vertical extended rectangular prism simulating active fragment of a fault zone is solved. Analytical formulas for surface-displacement estimation are derived for two variants of poroelastic models: a model of inclusion and a model of heterogeneity. The comparison of the two models based on the case study of the Ashgabat fault has shown that the mechanism of anomalous deformations with poroelastic heterogeneity model much better describes the observed displacements than poroelastic inclusion model. The analysis of anomalous surface displacements at an underground gas storage facility indicates that local subsidence occurs during both gas withdrawal and injection. It is established that the formation of anomalous subsidence in the first case follows the poroelastic inclusion model, and in the second case it corresponds to the poroelastic heterogeneity model. This means that local subsidence in a fault zone during gas withdrawal is linearly related to the change in reservoir pressure. Anomalous subsidence during gas injection is nonlinearly linked to the change in reservoir pressure. This is a striking example of induced deformations in the fault zones when temporal variations of poroelastic parameters within a fault zone in the setting of external quasistatic loading induce local perturbation in the stress-strain state of rocks in the vicinity of fault.
Ore-Forming Biogenic Factor in the Formation of Sandstone-Type Uranium Deposits
Authors: Doynikova O. A. , Petrov V. A.
Published: September 2022

Abstract—The geological environment of ore formation in sandstone-type uranium deposits is considered in light of modern geomicrobiological and ecological (environmental) mineralogical data related to solving environmental bioremediation problems (purification of the near-surface environment via bacterial fixation of radionuclides). Analysis of the literature data shows the possible ore-forming role of the biogenic factor in the formation of infiltration sandstone-type uranium deposits, which is considered here with an example of their paleochannel subtype with widespread phosphate black uranium ores. The bacterial factor is proposed as one of the main mechanisms for the occurrence and movement of the redox front during hypergene processes in ore-bearing sedimentary sandstone strata.
Pseudoacrocyanosis: a case for telemedicine in rheumatology
Authors: Manger Bernhard , Manger Karin
Published: September 2022

Here we describe three patients, two of them medical doctors, who were concerned about striking, sudden-onset bluish discoloration of their hands. After sending electronic images of these changes to befriended rheumatologists, one simple anamnestic question could unveil the surprising cause of their symptoms.
Knowledge and perceptions of the 2019 Canada's Food Guide: a qualitative study with Canadian children
Authors: Zhang Flora , Laila Amar , Leme Ana Carolina Barco , Ma David W.L. , Haines Jess
Published: September 2022

To support Canadians ages 2 years and older in improving their dietary intake, Health Canada released a revised Canada's Food Guide (CFG) in 2019. This study aimed to explore the knowledge and perceptions of the 2019 CFG among children ages 9–12 years old from Southwestern Ontario. From September–November 2021, interviews were conducted with children by video conference. Thirty-five children (50% girls, 80% White; mean age 9.9 years) participated. Data were analyzed using a hybrid thematic approach with inductive and deductive analyses. Children expressed a lack of knowledge on certain foods (i.e., plant-based proteins, whole grains, and highly processed foods) that are highlighted in the CFG. Children also expressed confusion around food groups, including recommended proportions and categorization of some foods (e.g., dairy products and plant-based proteins). Children generally expressed positive perceptions regarding CFG and its eating habit recommendations, i.e., “Cook more often”, “Eat meals with others”, and “Enjoy your food”, and they suggested strategies to improve adherence to these recommendations, including providing children more responsibility and independence with food preparation tasks and minimizing family time conflicts. Children's perceptions of the CFG can help inform public health policies and programmatic strategies designed to support children's food choices and eating habits.
Enhanced repetitive scheduling formulation for meeting deadlines and resource constraints in linear and scattered projects
Authors: Mostafa Kareem , Ojulari Sayeeda , Hegazy Tarek
Published: September 2022

The majority of civil infrastructure projects involve activities that are repeated across a number of linear units (e.g., highway sections) or scattered units (e.g., multi-bridge rehabilitations). For these projects, Critical Path Method (CPM)/line-of-balance (LOB) repetitive scheduling combines the benefits of CPM and LOB analyses to maintain work continuity across units, yet assumes simple sequential unit order and results in schedule delays for practical projects with non-identical units, constrained resources, and (or) strict deadlines. To improve CPM/LOB scheduling, this paper introduces powerful and easy-to-use enhancements, including (1) designed interruptions to reduce time gaps; (2) efficient resource-constrained first-come first-serve crew assignment; (3) crew adjustment loop to meet deadlines; and (4) representation of flexible unit sequence. These simplified enhancements computationally produce schedules that respect deadlines, individual resource limits, and desired sequence among units. Example projects are then presented to prove that the proposed enhancements offer flexible scheduling features that can meet the strict constraints of infrastructure projects.
Petrology of the Halifax County complex, North Carolina, Southern Appalachians: constraints from petrography, mineral chemistry, and geothermobarometry
Authors: Chaumba Jeff B.
Published: September 2022

The Halifax County complex (HCC) is a meta-ultramafic/metamafic body that crops out along the easternmost exposed part of the Carolina superterrane in northeastern North Carolina. Petrographic and mineral chemistry studies were undertaken to place some constraints on the evolution of the HCC. Halifax County Complex amphiboles are zoned, with hornblende cores and actinolitic rims. Feldspar minerals span the whole plagioclase- and potassium-feldspar spectrum. Evolved olivines (Fo69–75) are primary, and pyroxenes plot in the enstatite, pigeonite, augite, and diopside fields. Low TiO2 (<0.8 wt.%) clinopyroxenes and highly calcic plagioclases are consistent with origin of the HCC at an island arc setting. Chlorites are characterized by wide variations in their Si atoms per formula unit but have restricted total Fe concentrations. Potassium feldspar in the HCC likely originated during adularization or potassification. Chlorite thermometry yields temperatures of formation of 241–300 °C. Application of hornblende-plagioclase thermometers yields average temperatures of 648 °C consistent with amphibolite facies conditions as well as greenschist facies conditions, at pressures of up to 6.5 kbar. Both clinopyroxene and evolved olivine compositions are consistent with an island arc origin for the HCC. Amphibolite facies metamorphisms recorded by HCC rocks likely represent metamorphism of the HCC during arc–arc terrane collision, whereas greenschist metamorphism is interpreted to record the temperatures of thrusting of the HCC onto its present location at pressures of <3 kbar in Alleghanian times during the final assembly of the Appalachians. Results reported here have implications for the origin of comparable metamorphosed mafic-ultramafic rocks encountered along ancient orogenic belts worldwide.
Graph Convolutional Network-Guided Mine Gas Concentration Predictor
Authors: Wu Jian , Yang Chaoyu
Published: September 2022

Coal mining work has always been a high-risk job, although mining technology is now regularly very mature, many accidents still occur every year in various countries around the world, most of which are due to gas explosions, poisoning, asphyxiation and other accidents. Therefore it is important to monitor and predict both underground mine air quality. In this paper, we use the GCN spatio-temporal graph convolution method based on spectral domain for multivariate time series prediction of underground mine air environment. The correlation of these sequences is learned by a self-attentive mechanism, without a priori graph, and the adjacency matrix with an attention mechanism is created dynamically. The temporal and spatial features are learned by graph Fourier transform and inverse Fourier transform in TC module (temporal convolution) and GC module (graph convolution), respectively. Besides, the corresponding experimental predictions are performed on other public datasets. And a new loss function is designed based on the idea of residuals, which greatly improves the prediction accuracy. In addition, the corresponding experimental predictions were performed on other public datasets. The results show that this model has outstanding prediction ability and high prediction accuracy on most time-series prediction data sets. Through experimental verification, this model has high prediction accuracy for dealing with multivariate time series prediction problems, both for long-term and short-term prediction.
Dynamical Analysis of Hyperbolic Sinusoidal Nonlinear Multi-Wing Chaotic Systems, Synchronization Methods and Analog Electronic Circuit Design
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhu Xiaopeng
Published: September 2022

Chaotic systems contain nonlinear functions that have received much attention. This paper introduces a new four-dimensional chaotic system with multi-winged attractors, containing hyperbolic sinusoidal functions with unique quadratic curves that cause the attractors to change dramatically. When the single parameter is changed, single, double and quadruple wing chaotic attractors will be generated. The dynamical behavior of chaotic systems is analyzed and it is found that the system has coexistent attractors. Based on preparing the error system asymptotically stable at the origin, an adaptive control method is derived to achieve chaotic synchronization with unknown parameters. A new electronic circuit for chaotic systems is designed and implemented in FPGA hardware to illustrate the accuracy and validity of its existence.