bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical, Antimicrobial and Morphological Properties of Biodegradable Trays Based on Cassava Starch and Agroindustrial Processing Residues
Authors: Vieira Agdylannah Felix , Pereira Tálysson Raphael Rodrigues , da Silva Luís Paulo Firmino Romão , Rodrigues Thais Jaciane Araujo , de Almeida Renata Duarte , Santos Newton Carlos , da Costa Maria Eduarda Martins Duarte , de Araújo Gilmar Trindade , Rocha Ana Paula Trindade
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the development of biodegradable composites using agroindustrial residues, such as potato peels and mango integument, processed into flours (PPF and MIF), and determined their nutritional composition, total phenolic content and total tannins. The soluble and insoluble lignin content was quantified in the MIF, which exhibited a high crude fibre content (76.55%) and insoluble lignin (20.86%). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examined the morphology of particles and final composites, while the antimicrobial activity of MIF and potato peel extract (PPE) was tested against Staphylococcus aureus. The biodegradability of the composites was assessed in soil, comparing them to commercial EPS. In a factorial design (23), the influence of PPE (1.84–3.68 g), MIF (10–20 g) and drying temperature (55°C–65°C) was investigated regarding the mechanical strength, elongation, antimicrobial activity and physical properties of the composites. Optimal conditions for producing composites with higher strength (1.304 MPa), elongation (0.951%) and antimicrobial activity (30.036‐mm halos) included 3.68 g of PPE, 10 g of MIF and drying at 65°C. However, the interaction between MIF and temperature negatively impacted the results. Biodegradability showed a steady mass loss after 60 days. It is concluded that the use of PPE and MIF offers a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum‐based packaging, with appropriate production conditions essential to optimize composite properties, reinforcing the potential of the food industry to adopt environmentally friendly materials.
Hybrid Modeling for In Situ Artificial Fish Spawning Ground Stabilization
Authors: Lupinski Kim‐Jehanne , Brousse Guillaume , Maurin Raphaël , Sagnes Pierre , Courret Dominique , Cordier Florian , Lacaze Laurent , Jodeau Magali
Published: December 2024

Erosion generally reduces the resilience of replenished gravel in rivers. As a result, structures are sometimes added to modify the upstream flow and stabilize artificial spawning grounds. In particular, rows of boulders can be placed around the replenishment area to limit the transport of replenished gravel during flood events. This study aims to optimize the arrangement of these rows, based on field experiments as well as physical and numerical models. A combined hydro‐sedimentary numerical model is calibrated and validated by comparing simulated and measured morphological evolutions in nine laboratory experiments. The results show that boulders positioned downstream of the replenishment slow down the flow above the replenishment, decreasing shear stress over the gravel. The stabilization efficiency depends on both the positioning of the boulders and the arrangement of the replenished surface. To achieve sustainable spawning, prospective scenarios using the numerical model highlight the need to limit the width of the replenishment area. Experiments demonstrated that when the replenishment area spans the entire width flume, the erosion rate is significantly higher compared to a narrower replenishment area placed close to the edges. This effect is attributed to increased flow velocities in the center of the channel, leading to increased shear stress and gravel erosion.
BaS3:Sb2S3:GdS2 Longitudinal Rods: Single‐Source Precursor Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Applications for Supercapacitance and Catalysis
Authors: Ahmad Khuram Shahzad , Jaffri Shaan Bibi , Al‐Hawadi Jehad S. , Makawana Bhumikaben , Gupta Ram K. , Ashraf Ghulam Abbas , Bahajjaj Aboud Ahmed Awadh
Published: December 2024

This study investigates a unique and energy‐efficient BaS3:Sb2S3:GdS2 nanocomposite chalcogenide system that was made using a single source dithiocarbamate precursor route. The produced dithiocarbamate metallic sulfide has an average crystallite size of 17.38 nm and a small band gap of 3.76 eV. An examination of functional groups revealed the existence of several linkages, including the metal sulfide bond. Morphologically, BaS3:Sb2S3:GdS2 appeared as elongated rods showing greater surface area for electrochemical activity. By constructing a nickel foam electrode and covering it with a slurry of BaS3:Sb2S3:GdS2, the electrochemical charge‐storing behavior of BaS3:Sb2S3:GdS2 was assessed. Prepared electrode exhibited auspicious electrical charge storage capacities with a specific capacitance reaching upto 633.32 F g−1. These findings suggest that there is a significant amount of potential for energy storage in the electrode. This electrode also exhibited a reduced series resistance of (Rs) = 0.31 Ω according to the impedance experiments, and a specific power density of 9109.16 W kg−1. In terms of electrocatalysis, the electrode produced oxygen production overpotential and corresponding Tafel slope of 334 mV and 366 mV dec−1, whereas the hydrogen production overpotential and Tafel slope were 229 mV and 175 mV dec−1, correspondingly.
Crystal Structure, Spectroscopic Analysis, and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Terphenyl‐Based Compound for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Arunkumar Dandavathi , Swamy Shashi Kumar Kumara , Bi Sheng Ooi , Ching Kheng Quah , Gummagol Neelamma B. , Dsa Vinitha , Samshuddin Seranthimata
Published: December 2024

Multi‐aryl compounds, with conjugated backbones having electron donor and acceptor groups, are widely recognized for their significant nonlinearity. In this context, a new terphenyl compound, ethyl‐4″‐chloro‐5′‐hydroxy‐[1,1′:3′,1″‐terphenyl]‐4′‐carboxylate (EHCMT), has been synthesized for potential use as an optoelectronic material. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of EHCMT revealed a triclinic system with the centrosymmetric space group , providing most accurate description for its crystal structure. The structure of compound was further elucidated through FTIR, NMR (1H, 13C & 2D‐HSQC), and UV–Visible spectroscopic techniques. Hirshfeld surface analysis was employed to examine the magnitude and significance of individual intermolecular interactions in the crystalline arrangement. The third‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were investigated using the Z‐scan technique in a solution phase at 532 nm. The study revealed significant results, namely, nonlinear refraction value of −1.165 × 10−9 cm2 W−1, nonlinear absorption coefficient value of 13.4 × 10−5 cm W−1, and third‐order nonlinear susceptibility value of 0.50 × 10−7 esu. The structural parameters of experimental results were validated by comparing the same with quantum chemical calculations using hybrid functional, namely, Hartree–Fock ‐ Density functional theory (HF–DFT).
Tailoring Photoluminescence Properties of Ternary Zn‐doped Cu─In─Se Quantum Dots via Surfactant Tuning
Authors: Sheng Pengtao , Xu Haiyan , Zhang Yaqi , Xia Haiyue , Liu Haipeng , Li Weili
Published: December 2024

The shape and size‐controlled synthesis of colloidal I−III−VI quantum dots (QDs) can be attained only by a few synthesis strategies via the introduction of various high‐boiling‐point organic surfactants. To further investigate this strategy, in this study, we present a surfactant‐associated controlled synthesis of copper (Cu)‐deficient, zinc (Zn)‐doped Cu─indium (In)─selenium (Se) QDs, followed by a mechanistic investigation of their photophysical properties using surfactants, such as oleylamine (OLA), oleic acid (OA), and diphenylphosphine (DPP). OLA significantly promoted the quantum size effect‐resultant emission wavelength red‐shift, while OA controlled the homogeneous growth of QDs and improved the quantum yields. Moreover, Gaussian deconvolution of the photoluminescence spectra and the bandgap derived from the absorption spectra, by fitting, supported the fact that the radiative transition channels, especially for surface‐trap‐state‐related transitions, are also dependent on the surfactants. Specifically, the conduction band electron‐intragap state transitions and donor‐acceptor transitions were present in all the prepared samples but accounted for different percentages. Furthermore, the surface‐trap‐state‐related transitions significantly faded upon adding (i) OLA/OA as the sole surfactant to the cationic precursor and (ii) the OA + OLA + DPP mixture to the anionic precursor. The findings described here are expected to provide a general strategy for enhancing the tunability of photophysical properties in other QDs systems.
Self‐Cascade API Nanozyme for Synergistic Anti‐Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Ferroptosis Modulation in the Treatment of Corneal Neovascularization
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Yang Yang , Yu Huimin , Ma Li , Qi Xia , Qu Junpeng , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Na , Dou Shengqian , Liu Xiaoxue , Wei Chao , Gao Hua
Published: December 2024

Corneal neovascularization is a common pathological ocular change that can severely impairs vision, potentially leading to blindness. Although steroids and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs are the primary treatments, their side effects, such as ocular hypertension, eye irritation, and corneal lysis, limit their widespread use. In the present study, an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) nanozyme (PC‐DS NE) is developed through the metal–organic coordination of ferrous sulfate with the anti‐inflammatory agent diclofenac sodium and the natural antioxidant proanthocyanidin. PC‐DS NE exhibited a spheroid morphology with a particle size of 39.7 ± 5.2 nm, and could achieve the short‐term release of diclofenac sodium and sustained release of proanthocyanidin. Notably, the PC‐DS NE possessed favorable biocompatibility, self‐cascade redox regulation capacity, and significant anti‐inflammatory activity. In corneal alkali burn experiments, PC‐DS NE effectively inhibited corneal neovascularization by scavenging reactive oxygen species, inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines and pro‐angiogenic factors, and down‐regulating ferroptosis. These synergistic effects highlighted the potential of PC‐DS NE as a promising treatment for ocular inflammatory diseases.
Red‐light Emitting Orthogonally Trireactive Gold Nanoclusters for the Synthesis of Multifunctionalized Nanomaterials
Authors: Watanabe Kenji , Uetake Yuta , Hata Machi , Kuwano Anna , Yamamoto Riko , Yamamoto Yasutomo , Kodera Masahito , Kitagishi Hiroaki , Niwa Takashi , Hosoya Takamitsu
Published: December 2024

For the development of highly multifunctionalized nanomaterials, the introduction of functional molecules on gold nanoclusters containing thiols preinstalled with connecting groupsconstitutes a promising approach. However, the uniform introduction of multiple connecting groups while avoiding side reactions is a challenging task. Herein, the synthesis of gold nanoclusters (ca. 1 nm) coated with thiol peptides bearing azido, amino, and aminooxy groups is reported. These nanoclusters emit red‐light before and after the functionalization, enabling application to cell imaging. A detailed structure analysis using transmission electron microscope and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy reveals the formation of Aun(SR)m nanoclusters as promising motifs for red‐light emission. The sequential modification of the trireactive nanoclusters with RGD (Arg‐Gly‐Asp) peptides, metal chelators, and anticancer drugs via [3+2] cycloaddition, oximation, and amidation reactions at each functional group furnish red‐light‐emissive nanomaterials exhibiting remarkable toxicity against A549 human lung cancer cells. Integration of the multiligation chemistry and gold nanocluster engineering pave the way toward the development of advanced multifunctional nanomaterials for biological applications.
Internalization and Cellular Fate of Protein Corona‐Coated Nanoparticles by Multimodal Multi‐Scale Microscopy
Authors: Galdino Flávia E. , Rabelo Renata S. , Scarpa Isabella , Yoneda Juliana S. , Consonni Sílvio R. , Paes Leme Adriana F. , Smith Andrew M. , Harkiolaki Maria , Cardoso Mateus B.
Published: December 2024

Upon exposure to biological environments, nanoparticles are rapidly coated with biomolecules, predominantly proteins, which alter their colloidal stability, biodistribution, and cell interactions. Despite extensive efforts to investigate the nanoparticles' fate, only a few studies use high‐resolution characterization methods that allow in‐depth characterization, and the existing methodologies are unable to differentiate particles internalized at the onset of incubation from those taken up toward the end of an incubation period. In this study, these limitations related to incubation disparities are overcame and precisely monitored the spatiotemporal displacement of colloidally stable protein corona‐coated nanoparticles within cells. An unprecedented application of cryogenic X‐ray nanotomography, combined with high‐resolution, super‐resolution, and correlative microscopy techniques, revealed the migration of nanoparticles to the perinuclear region while monitoring the evolution of cellular organelles in fully hydrated cells under near‐native conditions, without the need for contrasting agents. Notably, this tracking indicates the progressive fusion of vesicles carrying the nanoparticles intracellularly. This strategy demonstrates the potential for uncovering the temporal aspects of nanoparticle behavior within cells and can be adaptable to a wide range of nanoparticles and cell types, offering a versatile and powerful tool to follow nanoparticles in cellular environments.
Light‐to‐Spike Encoding Using Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc Oxide Phototransistor for all‐Color Image Recognition with Dynamic Range and Precision Tunability
Authors: Huang Ya‐Chi , Chen Yu‐Chieh , Chen Kuan‐Ting , Chen Chun‐Tao , Shih Li‐Chung , Chen Jen‐Sue
Published: December 2024

To enhance the efficiency of machine vision system, physical hardware capable of sensing and encoding is essential. However, sensing and encoding color information has been overlooked. Therefore, this work utilizes an indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (IGZO) phototransistor to detect varying densities of red, green, and blue (RGB) light, converting them into corresponding drain current (ID) states. By applying stochastic gate voltage (VG) pulses to the IGZO phototransistor, the fluctuations are generated in these ID states. When the ID exceeds the threshold current (ITC), a spike signal is generated. This approach enables the conversion of light densities into spike signals, achieving spike‐rate encoding. Moreover, adjusting the standard deviation (σ) of the VG pulses controls the range of light densities converted into spike rates, while altering the mean (μ) of the VG pulses changes the baseline level of spike rates. Remarkably, separate RGB channels offer a tunable encoding process, which can emphasize individual colors and correct color bias. The encoded spike rates are also fed into a spiking neural network (SNN) for CIFAR‐10 pattern recognition, achieving an accuracy of 86%. The method allows the operation of SNN and shows the tunability in the process of light‐to‐spike encoding, opening possibilities for color image processing.
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Approach for Measuring the Diffusion Range in Optical Fibers with Nanostructured Cores
Authors: Michałowski Paweł P. , Pysz Dariusz , Franczyk Marcin , Buczyński Ryszard
Published: December 2024

A new class of optical fibers with cores composed of various glass nanorods requires a method to determine the internal structure. In particular, the identification of various ion distributions at the fiber cross‐section with nanometer accuracy is required. For this purpose, the classical depth profiling mode of the secondary ion mass spectrometry technique is applied. Multiple sampling with various rotation angles allows to retrieve the 1D profile of distribution for particular ions and determine their diffusion ranges. As a proof‐of‐concept, a nanostructured fiber composed of germanium‐doped silica and ytterbium‐doped silica rods is measured and the accuracy of the measurement is 3 nm. We show that the average diffusion length of germanium and ytterbium is about 41.5 and 116.6 nm, respectively. It is only 23% and as much as 153% of the initial rod diameter for Ge and Yb ions, respectively. The real diffusion range of particular ions has a significant impact on the refractive and gain media distribution in the fiber and influences the optical properties of the fiber. Therefore, information on diffusion is necessary to design nanostructured optical fibers correctly.
Silylated Carbon Nanofiber/Polydimethylsiloxane Based Printable Electrorheological and Sensor Inks for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Bhattacharyya Mriganka , Haridas CP Ajay , Kaushal Manish , Mondal Titash
Published: December 2024

Electrorheological fluids (ERF) have garnered significant attention for their potential to provide actuation on demand. Similarly, developing stimuli‐responsive printable inks for flexible electronics is also gaining antecedence. However, developing a material that demonstrates both functionalities is far and few. Accordingly, a printable ink is made using silylated carbon nanofiber (SiCNF)‐polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The viscosity of the ink increased by 43%, when subjected to an electric field (E). Robust stability for 20 cycles under E = 300 V mm−1 is noted. The yield stress (τy) value increased by 1600% (E = 600 V mm−1) compared to zero‐field yield stress. Applying temperature with E further increased the τy. In the absence of E, applying temperature not only slowed down the relaxation modulus but also counterintuitively augmented the extent of sluggishness with an increase in temperature. A comprehensive study on the waiting time also indicated a structure build‐up within the ink composition happening as the waiting time increases. Accordingly, the time‐temperature and time‐waiting time superposition principle is applied to predict the long‐term behavior of the inks. Further, the printability index of the ink check is studied and used for printing designs using direct ink writing. The printed ink demonstrated pressure sensing capability with a sensitivity of 6.3%/kPa and is stable over 60 cycles.
Heterostructure Engineering in High‐Entropy Alloy Catalysts
Authors: Shi Wenhui , Liu Hanwen , Liu Shijin , Chen Jinli , Tan Fatang , Wan Jun , Yao Yonggang
Published: December 2024

Confronting the limitation of traditional homogeneous high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) with randomly distributed elements and active sites, heterostructured HEAs were developed to further amplify catalytic activity and stability. This perspective dissects the genesis of heterogeneity within HEAs, highlighting how their expansive compositional space facilitates the customization of heterogeneity. By manipulating key factors, such as chemical affinity, standard redox potentials, and oxidation potential, researchers are tapping into heterostructured HEAs with unprecedented attributes. Strategies like acid leaching, galvanic replacement, and additive deposition are broadening the structural repertoire of HEAs, steering the development of heterostructured catalysts. This perspective synthesizes current discoveries, introduces provocative concepts, and provides a roadmap for structural engineering in HEA catalysts, particularly harnessing the heterogeneity of HEAs to elevate their catalytic efficiency. The confluence of theoretical and practical advancements is anticipated to lead the way in the evolution of HEA catalysts, endowing them with exceptional capabilities.
Device‐Free Detection of Pedestrian and Movement Direction Using Bluetooth Direction Finding Function
Authors: Taniguchi Yoshiaki , Imao Ren , Iguchi Nobukazu
Published: December 2024

From Bluetooth 5.1, a direction finding function has been added that allows the receiver to measure the angle of arrival (AoA) of the wireless signal from the sender. In this letter, we propose a method for detecting pedestrians and their movement direction passing between Bluetooth devices equipped with direction finding functions. As a result of the evaluation, pedestrians could be detected with higher accuracy (F‐score 0.929) by combining received signal strength indicator and AoA than when using each alone. In addition, the accuracy rate for estimating the movement direction using AoA was 0.704. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Mapping resistance to Sclerotinia white mold in two pinto bean recombinant inbred line populations
Authors: Soler‐Garzón Alvaro , Lopes Fernanda Souza , Roy Jayanta , Clevenger Josh , Myers Zachary , Korani Walid , Pereira Welison Andrade , Song Qijian , Porch Timothy , McClean Phillip E. , Miklas Phillip N.
Published: December 2024

White mold, caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is a devastating disease affecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production worldwide. Breeding for resistance to white mold is challenging due to its quantitative inheritance and intricate genetic mechanisms. This research aimed to validate and characterize physiological resistance in the pinto dry bean market class through greenhouse straw tests under controlled conditions and field assessments under natural environments. Classical quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and Khufu de novo QTL‐seq were employed to detect and narrow QTL intervals and identify candidate genes associated with white mold resistance in two pinto bean recombinant inbred line populations, PT9‐5‐6/USPT‐WM‐12 (P2) and PT12‐37/VCP‐13 (P3). Eleven QTL, five in P2 and six in P3, conditioning white mold resistance were identified. New QTL were discovered including WM1.4 and WM11.5 in P2, and WM1.5 and WM7.7 in P3. Existing major‐effect QTL were validated: WM5.4 (34%—phenotypic variation explained) and WM7.4 (20%) in straw tests, and WM2.2 (15%) and WM3.1 (27%) under field conditions. QTL for avoidance traits such as resistance to lodging and late maturity overlapped WM2.2 in P2 and WM1.5, WM3.1, WM5.4, and WM7.7 in P3. WM5.4 (Pv05: 7.0–38.7 Mb) was associated with a large Phaseolus coccineus L. genome introgression in the resistant parent VCP‐13. These findings offer narrowed genomic intervals and putative candidate genes for marker‐assisted selection targeting white mold resistance improvement in pinto beans.
Effects of iodine content on the hydrochemical characteristics and microbial community structure of groundwater in coastal zone: A case study of Bailang River Basin
Authors: Cao Xiaolong , Li Qingyu , Yang Min , Ruzibake Dilibaer , Chen Jianlei , Hu Shuya
Published: December 2024

Iodine is an important component of the thyroid gland, producing hormones. Excess iodine can trigger autoimmune thyroid disease. The salt–freshwater interaction zone of the coastal aquifer is affected by seawater intrusion, and the physical and chemical environment is constantly changing. Exploring the characteristics and influencing factors of high‐iodine groundwater in coastal areas play an important role in the prevention and control of groundwater pollution. In this study, the hydrochemical characteristics of high‐iodine groundwater were analyzed. The interrelationship between the water's chemical components was revealed, and the microbial community composition under different iodine concentration gradients in the groundwater was examined using 16sRNA high‐throughput sequencing. The influence of water quality on microbial distribution was also explored. The results showed that the iodine content in the Bailang River Basin ranged from 31 to 1776 μg/L, and the high‐iodine groundwater samples accounted for 67.7%, with uneven spatial distribution. Groundwater samples with different iodine concentrations were grouped and compared, and there was no significant difference in the diversity and richness of microbial communities. At the genus level, iodine concentrations were significantly correlated with Sediminibacterium and Thauera. In addition to iodine, nitrates and sulfates also have a significant effect on microbial communities.

Practitioner Points

Groundwater in the south bank of Laizhou Bay is predominantly alkaline, with uneven spatial distribution of iodine content.

As the concentration of iodide increases, the groundwater chemical type tends towards Na‐Cl type.

The concentration of iodine has little effect on the richness and diversity of microbial communities.

The concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, and nitrite also affect the microbial structure and species diversity of groundwater.
Main Amendments of Chinese Intellectual Property Law
Authors: Cheng Deli , Zhao Lili
Published: December 2024

Strengthening the protection of intellectual property plays the most important role in improving the system of property rights protection, and also serves as the biggest momentum to enhance our country's economic competitiveness.
Main Amendments of Germany Patent Act (2021)
Authors: Yu Xinmiao , Tang Yuhan
Published: December 2024

The Second Act to Simplify and Modernise Patent Law were promulgated in the Federal Law Gazette (BGBl. I p.3490) on 17 August 2021.
Study on Performance of Reactive Diluted Cold Patch Asphalt Fluid
Authors: Suo Zhi , Xu Shijie , Hu Tao , Zhang Yue , Wang Yating , Yang Sheng
Published: December 2024

A reactive dilution type of cold patch asphalt liquid was developed in this study using acrylate epoxidized soybean oil (AESO). The AESO was employed as a reactive diluent to replace a portion of conventional solvents. The curing of the cold patch asphalt liquid was facilitated through photoinitiation to enhance the road performance of the cold patch asphalt mixture. An orthogonal experimental design method was used to optimize the proportions of various components, followed by laboratory experiments to investigate the performance of the developed reactive dilution type of cold patch asphalt liquid. The research results indicated that AESO could replace a portion of solvents and significantly reduce the viscosity of the asphalt. The best improvement in the rheological properties of the cold patch asphalt was achieved when the dosage of AESO was 4%. Further increasing the dosage of AESO did not significantly enhance the performance improvement and instead increased viscosity, which was unfavorable for construction. SEM observations revealed the formation of a uniform network structure in the asphalt after curing with AESO, which can enhance the road performance of the cold patch asphalt mixture. The road performance of the reactive dilution type of cold patch asphalt mixture was also preliminarily evaluated through Marshall stability tests.
Research on the Application of Lead Chrome Green in Colored Cement Concrete
Authors: Fu Guangrao , Sun Bo , Feng Zhuangzhuang , Li Hongzhen , Yuan Quan , Cui Xiaohui
Published: December 2024

To seek new dyes to improve the performance of colored cement concrete pavement, this paper proposes lead chrome green dyes to replace the traditional iron oxide series dyes, and the color durability test, mechanical test, frost resistance test, compression and flexural test, and matching tests are carried out. The results showed that the dyeing effect of lead chrome green dyes is better than that of traditional iron oxide series dyes; lead chrome green can improve the frost resistance of concrete, and iron oxide green has little effect on the frost resistance of concrete. The research results provide more solutions for improving the preparation process of colored concrete.
Distribution of Steel Corrosion Products in a Cracked Concrete Beam Exposed to Coastal Atmosphere
Authors: Dong Jianfeng , Lin Xuepeng , Liu Xueyuan , Guo Jianzong , Zhao Yuxi
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the distribution of steel corrosion products in a cracked concrete beam, which was in service under coastal atmospheric conditions for more than 40 years. The thickness of corrosion-product-filled paste (CP) and the thickness of corrosion layer (CL) were measured. The migration behaviour of Fe in the concrete cracks and air voids are investigated. The mechanism of CP formation was revealed. The steel corrosion and corrosion-product-filled paste propagates faster in the tension region than in the compressive region of the beam. In the atmospheric environment, the corrosion products neither fill the cracks or air voids nor do they accumulate on the edge of the cracks or inside the air voids.
Basic Characteristics and Engineering Treatment of Dam Foundation Fault Zone of Gushan Navigation and Power Junction in Hanjiang River
Authors: Wang Qiguo , Hu Yi
Published: December 2024

Affected by regional structure and multi-stage metamorphism, the dam site area of Gushan Navigation-Power Junction in Hanjiang River has developed faults in dam foundation, with 97 faults in total, among which 9 faults are wider than 1 m, and the maximum width of fracture zone is 10 m, which has great influence on the project. Through research, the dam foundation fault zone mainly affects the dam's anti-sliding stability, settlement deformation, leakage and seepage stability. According to the scale, spatial distribution, material composition and engineering properties of the fault, and considering the layout characteristics of the hub, measures such as trench excavation and backfilling concrete plugs, consolidation grouting and local increase of anchor rods are adopted for engineering treatment. The monitoring data of more than three years show that the deformation and leakage of dam foundation are within the normal range, which shows that the engineering measures of dam foundation for fault zone are effective.
A Project-Level Pavement Performance Prediction Framework Based on Machine Learning and Time Series Data
Authors: Wei Xinyu , Wang Hui
Published: December 2024

The numerical deviations of the existing pavement performance prediction models for project-level forecasting make it not suitable for maintenance and repair (M&R) funding planning. Project-level forecasting lacks multi-feature parameters, and high-frequency maintenance makes it lack sufficient time series data. We have constructed a prediction framework to overcome the problem of insufficient data and large forecast bias. The performance of the time series status data-based prediction model is stable. Time series status data play important roles in improving the prediction accuracy, and the effect is greater than that of the dataset size. The difference in prediction accuracy between the machine learning algorithms is not significant. The variable selection conclusions obtained by the mean decrease impurity (MDI) sorting can effectively support random forest (RF), gradient boosting decrease tree (GBDT), and extreme gradient boosting (XGboost) prediction models. The dimensionality of feature data is greatly reduced. The 1–5 year prediction deviations of ride quality index (RQI) and rutting depth index (RDI) are basically within ± 2, which demonstrates the framework is an effective project-level forecasting method for pavement performance.
Study on the Bond-Slip Mechanism and Mechanical Analysis of Steel Reinforced Recycled Concrete
Authors: Bai Guoliang , Ni Tao
Published: December 2024

Based on the results of a large number of experimental studies on the bond-slip launch of steel recycled concrete, the group tries to clarify the transformation law of chemical adhesive force, mechanical bite force and friction force in the process of applied load; analyzes the mechanism of bond evolution through fine view theory and peeling wear theory, and explains the principle that the bond force of steel recycled concrete is weaker than that of ordinary steel concrete; takes micro-segment theory for steel recycled concrete and gives the basic Equation of bond-slip from the perspective of elasticity. The basic Equation of bond-slip is given, and the formula of bond-slip is derived from the perspective of elastic mechanics. The results of the study can provide some reference for the design and calculation theory of steel recycled concrete structures.
Mechanical Analysis of Cement Concrete Pavement Paving Layer Based on Abaqus
Authors: Jiao Suchang , Wu Hongjuan , Xu Zhengrong , Wang Dafeng
Published: December 2024

Based on the theory of elastic layered system, this paper establishes a three-dimensional finite element model of cement concrete overlay structure on old cement concrete pavement with the Abaqus program, and analyzes the influence of modulus change of old cement concrete pavement, modulus change of composite foundation and various overlay thickness on the load stress at the most unfavorable position of different overlay bottom. The analysis results show that before microcracking the old cement concrete pavement, it is necessary to treat the diseases such as voids at the bottom of the old cement concrete slab to ensure the stability of the strength of the old cement concrete slab after microcracking. The strength of the old cement concrete slab after microcracking is not as high as possible, and the strength of the old cement concrete slab is the best at 4000 Mpa. The process of road reconstruction should be timely, the foundation should be reinforced, and its strength should be kept at 180 MPa; the recommended thickness of cement concrete overlay is 18 cm.
Research on the Influence Mechanism of Side Pile Foundation of Shield Tunnel Based on Transparent Soil Test Technology
Authors: Gong Hongxiang , Yin Qian , Chen Wanchun , Wang Jiangwei , Liu Yukun , Cui Yunliang
Published: December 2024

Combined with the practical geotechnical problem of shield tunnel side piercing pile foundation, this paper develops a set of test device that can realistically simulate formation loss and post-wall grouting during shield tunneling by introducing transparent soil test technology and digital image processing technology, carries out indoor model tests on the existing pile foundation of double-line tunnel side penetration, obtains the deformation gauge and dynamic development process of soil and pile foundation caused by double-line tunnel, and analyzes the influence of tunnel burial depth and relative distance between pile and tunnel. The results show that the increase of tunnel burial depth will cause the expansion of soil settlement trough range and peak value. The deformation caused by the pile foundation located on both sides of the double-line tunnel accounts for about 90% of the total deformation compared to the tunnel, and the farther the pile foundation on both sides of the double-line tunnel, the less affected it is. This article can provide guidance and suggestions for the construction of similar projects.
Investigation on Internal Force Change of Continuous Steel-Box Girder Bridge During Construction Based on Support Position Optimization
Authors: Du Peng , Liu Man , Ma Yongqing , Tang Jun , Jiang Haonan , Gao Qingfei
Published: December 2024

During the installation and removal of the support of continuous steel box girder bridge, the internal force of the main girder will change, and the range of internal force change is closely related to the position of the support. However, at present, the position of bridge support is mainly determined by experience, which can not effectively reduce the internal force change of main girder during construction and affect the safety of bridge construction. Based on the matrix displacement method, this paper theoretically analyzes the internal force changes of the main girder with or without support, and puts forward the method to determine the optimal position of the support of the continuous steel box girder bridge. According to the theoretical method, the support position is determined and the finite element model is established. The internal force changes of the key sections of the bridge are calculated by numerical simulation and theoretical analysis respectively. By comparing the calculation results and combining the bending moment diagram of the main girder, it can be concluded that the calculation error of the two methods is less than 6%, which shows that the theoretical method has high accuracy and engineering applicability; The optimal position of the support determined by theoretical method is located near the transition point of positive and negative bending moments. Based on this rule, the position of the support can be preliminarily judged in engineering to improve the efficiency and safety of construction.
Analytical Investigation of Temperature Field in Rock Surrounding Shallow Buried Circular Tunnel Considering Insulation Layer
Authors: Zhang Tianyu , Yu Yan , Ge Danqi , Xia Dongsheng
Published: December 2024

The temperature field in the rock surrounding a shallow-buried circular tunnel by considering the influence of the insulation layer is analytically investigated in this paper. The conformal mapping method is used to transform the heat conduction equation of the tunnel surrounding rock in Cartesian coordinates to one in the polar coordinate system, obtaining the expression of the heat conduction equation in polar coordinates. By applying boundary conditions and continuity conditions, the analytical solution for the steady-state temperature field in the rock surrounding a shallow-buried circular tunnel is obtained. Meanwhile, a finite element model is established to compare the analytical solution obtained in this study with the numerical solution. The consistency between the analytical solution and the numerical solution verifies the accuracy of the analytical solution proposed in this paper. The influences of tunnel radius, tunnel burial depth, insulation layer thickness, and thermal conductivity of the insulation layer on the steady-state temperature field in the rock surrounding the tunnel are analyzed. The research results are significant for the guidance of actual tunnel engineering projects.
Experimental Study on Defect Detection of Steel Plates Using Eddy Current Infrared Thermal Imaging Technology
Authors: Ma Rui , An Ning , Dong Peng
Published: December 2024

In this paper, based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, eddy current infrared thermal imaging technology is used to detect steel plates with defects, and the temperature distribution diagram of steel plates is obtained. Through the experimental study, it can be seen that the temperature distribution of steel plate without defect is uniform temperature band, while the temperature distribution of steel plate with groove defect has obvious fluctuation. The location, shape, size and other information of defects can be obtained through the analysis of temperature map changes, especially the top position of defects, which is of great significance for detecting defects and their development trend.
Die gläserne Decke in der Ophthalmologie
Authors: Reisinger Anna , Brücher Viktoria C. , Krepler Katharina , Liekfeld Anja
Published: December 2024

Obwohl mittlerweile über 2 Drittel der Medizinstudent:innen weiblich sind, sind Frauen in medizinischen Führungsrollen weiterhin deutlich unterrepräsentiert, so auch in der Augenheilkunde. Der wissenschaftliche Output von Ophthalmologinnen nimmt zu, und zwar deutlicher bei der Erstautorenschaft als bei der Letztautorenschaft, liegt aber unter dem der männlichen Kollegen, wobei ein Gender Bias in der Vergabe von Drittmitteln gezeigt wurde. In der Chirurgie wurde gezeigt, dass es signifikant mehr männliche Chirurgen in der vitreoretinalen, refraktiven und Hornhautchirurgie gibt. Für die chirurgische Ausbildung wurde gezeigt, dass Ärztinnen in Weiterbildung generell weniger Operationen durchführen und diese auch seltener selbstständig als ihre männlichen Kollegen. Auch unter Chirurginnen übernehmen die Frauen weiterhin mehrheitlich die Hauptverantwortung für Familie und Haushalt, auch wenn sie selbst merken, dass dies ihrer Karriere schadet. Diese Übersichtsarbeit ist eine Bestandsaufnahme der derzeitigen Karrieresituation von Frauen in der Ophthalmologie und zeigt mögliche Maßnahmen zum Erreichen von Geschlechtergleichheit auf, wie die Etablierung von Mentor:innen-Programmen und Netzwerken.
Conley Index for Multivalued Maps on Finite Topological Spaces
Authors: Barmak Jonathan , Mrozek Marian , Wanner Thomas
Published: December 2024

We develop Conley’s theory for multivalued maps on finite topological spaces. More precisely, for discrete-time dynamical systems generated by the iteration of a multivalued map which satisfies appropriate regularity conditions, we establish the notions of isolated invariant sets and index pairs, and use them to introduce a well-defined Conley index. In addition, we verify some of its fundamental properties such as the Ważewski property and continuation.
Physiological and Pathological Role of mTOR Signaling in Astrocytes
Authors: Hochmuth Luise , Hirrlinger Johannes
Published: December 2024

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of cellular energy metabolism. It senses diverse alterations in the extracellular environment such as availability of nutrients and growth factors, and mediates the corresponding intracellular response. In the brain, astrocytes crucially contribute to energy and neurotransmitter metabolism, and numerous other functions. However, the relevance of physiological, astrocytic mTOR signaling in maintaining brain homeostasis and function is not well understood. Pathophysiological mTOR signaling is involved in manifold diseases in the central nervous system and most of the knowledge about astrocytic mTOR signaling has been derived from observations on these disorders. Dysregulation of the mTOR signaling pathway impairs important functions of astrocytes including neurotransmitter uptake and -signaling as well as energy metabolism. Some of these alterations could trigger neuropathological conditions such as epilepsy. This review focuses on how mTOR signaling regulates properties of astrocytes, and how these signaling events might contribute to the physiological function of the brain.
A broad variety account of infantile need-experiences
Authors: Yli-Tepsa Hermanni
Published: December 2024

The article argues that young infants’ felt needs are articulated and discernible experiences. So, instead of undifferentiated feelings, young infants have some sort of variety of need-experiences. In the article, infantile needs are specified as feelings of dissatisfaction. The article argues against the view that instances of dissatisfying feelings would be initially experienced by the infants as undifferentiated feelings of discomfort despite corresponding to a variety of observable behaviors and postures (related to, for instance, hunger, thirst, restlessness, or seeking attachment). Two arguments are brought forth in the article. The embodiment argument claims that feelings of dissatisfaction must be thought as embodied experiences. The experiential sense of these feelings involves as a constituent part a proprioceptive sense of one’s body. As embodied experiences, then, these feelings are specific and varying. The ontogenetic argument suggests that the development of the feelings of dissatisfaction issued by care-interventions can be better understood, if these feelings entail a sort of rudimentary experiential organization from the start. Thus, the article suggests that there is no “single general-purpose model” of the infant’s need-experiences, as some emotion theorists suggest with respect to emotions. This has implications with respect to developmental theories which account for young infants’ experiences of needs and their satisfaction, such as that of Donald Winnicott.
Identifying crowdfunding storytellers who deliver successful projects: a machine learning approach
Authors: Pourroostaei Ardakani Saeid , Hu Jianwei , Zhang Jing , Jin Kaifeng , Cai Tianhong , Graham Bellotti Anthony , Hua Xiuping
Published: December 2024

Crowdfunding plays a key role in financial technology to provide individuals and enterprises with funding opportunities to establish start-ups and/or new business ventures. It is mainly used to link projects’ creators and backers, collect money and plan fundraising projects via social networks. This paper proposes a machine learning-enabled approach to analyse Kickstarter numerical and textual data and predict the successful funding and delivery of crowdfunding projects. It offers crowdfunding stakeholders benefits including creator credibility assessment, project risk reduction, and backer confidence enhancement. This research proposes a data preprocessing approach to prepare the dataset and extract the relevant features for the predictions. Besides, it trains and compares five numerical machine learning classification models and three text-mining methods to find the best-fitted numerical and textual analysis approaches. According to the results, the proposed SVM model outperforms the numerical benchmarks in terms of Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1 score, and model Training latency. Moreover, BERT gives the best results if the dataset is complex, while Word2vec works better with simple features in textual analysis.
Dynamic tax evasion and growth with heterogeneous agents
Authors: Menoncin Francesco , Modena Andrea
Published: December 2024

We develop a tractable model economy in which public capital improves aggregate productivity, and the taxpayers have heterogeneous evasion opportunities. By issuing bonds, compliant taxpayers supply the evaders with an instrument to hedge against auditing risks, thereby expanding their evasion capacity. The wealth share of tax evaders relates negatively to the economy’s productivity but has a hump-shaped relationship with the growth rate of aggregate capital. The fiscal policy that maximizes welfare differs from the one that maximizes tax revenues because the latter does not account for the redistribution of wealth (and risk) between compliant and evasive taxpayers.
Nanoscience or Nanosciences? - The Interdisciplinary Discipline
Authors: Fuhrmann-Lieker Thomas
Published: December 2024

In this article, we question whether nanoscience has already matured into a single discipline or whether it retains the character of an interdisciplinary endeavour, involving the natural sciences as well as technology. In search for an answer, the traits of disciplines according to William Bechtel are considered. Arguments in favour of using 'nanoscience', as a singular, or 'nanosciences', as a plural, are elucidated. In terms of objects of study, nanoscience is compared with colloid science. Cognitive abilities are traced back to the parent natural sciences. Finally, in the field of social and institutional organizations, it seems that nanoscience cannot yet compete with traditional disciplines. In future the question about the disciplinary character of nanoscience has to be solved mainly on a sociological level.
Wächst jetzt wieder zusammen, was zusammengehört? Die Entwicklung der identifikativen Akkulturation in der ostdeutschen Bevölkerung von 1991 bis 2016
Authors: Becker Rolf
Published: December 2024

In diesem Beitrag wird für die Zeit nach dem Zusammenbruch der DDR und dem abrupten Systemwechsel die Entwicklung der Sozialintegration im Sinne einer identifikativen Akkulturation in der ostdeutschen Bevölkerung untersucht. Unter Heranziehen des Akkulturationsansatzes von Berry steht der perioden- und kohortenspezifische Wandel der Akkulturationsmodi im Fokus. Mittels der Daten der Allgemeinen Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften (ALLBUS) für die Jahre 1991, 2000, 2008 und 2016 sowie ergänzender Daten einer anderen Studie für die Jahre 1992 und 1993 kann für Ostdeutsche gezeigt werden, dass die soziale und emotional gefärbte Verbundenheit mit der DDR und ihren Bürgern nachlässt und sich immer mehr Ostdeutsche mit dem vereinten Deutschland identifizieren. Folglich nahmen in der historischen Zeit die inkludierenden Strategien (Assimilation und Mehrfachintegration) zu, während die exkludierenden Akkulturationsmodi (Separation oder Marginalisierung) an Bedeutung verloren haben. In der Kohortenabfolge wird ersichtlich, dass die jüngeren Geburtskohorten eher Assimilation und Marginalisierung präferieren als die älteren Kohorten. Individuelle Gewinne und Zufriedenheit mit den sozialen Ordnungen fördern Inklusion im Sinne von Berry (1997), während Statusängste und Unzufriedenheit die Exklusion forcieren. Insgesamt hat sich die Übertragung des Akkulturationsansatzes auf die ostdeutsche Bevölkerung im Transformationsprozess theoretisch und empirisch bewährt.