bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Selective Asymmetric Hydrogenation Using a Three Hindered Quadrant Bisphosphine Rhodium Catalyst.
Authors: Hoge Garrett , Wu He‐Ping , Kissel William S. , Pflum Derek A. , Greene Derek J. , Bao Jian
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Organoaluminum Complex for Enantioselective Ene Reactions of Aldehydes.
Authors: Ooi Takashi , Ohmatsu Kohsuke , Uraguchi Daisuke , Maruoka Keiji
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Immobilized Baker′s Yeast Reduction in Fluorous Media.
Authors: Yajima Arata , Naka Kazumi , Yabuta Goro
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Application of Ionic Liquid Halide Nucleophilicity for the Cleavage of Ethers: A Green Protocol for the Regeneration of Phenols from Ethers.
Authors: Boovanahalli Shanthaveerappa K. , Kim Dong Wook , Chi Dae Yoon
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bromamine‐T/RuCl3 as an Efficient System for the Oxidation of Tertiary Amines to N‐Oxides.
Authors: Sharma Vishal B. , Jain Suman L. , Sain Bir
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of Methylphenidate Analogues and Their Binding Affinities at Dopamine and Serotonin Transport Sites.
Authors: Davies Huw M. L. , Hopper Darrin W. , Hansen Tore , Liu Quixu , Childers Steven R.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Application of Functional Ionic Liquids Possessing Two Adjacent Acid Sites for Acetalization of Aldehydes.
Authors: Li Dongmei , Shi Feng , Peng Jiajian , Guo Shu , Deng Youquan
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diastereoselective Allylzincation of γ‐Oxygenated Vinyllithiums Bearing Functionalized Side‐Chains.
Authors: Cheramy Sandrine , Ferreira Franck , Normant Jean F.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Molecular Evolution on chiro‐Inositol Dibenzoate Using Intramolecular Acyl Migration and Selection by Phenyl Boronic Acid.
Authors: Ahn Young‐Hoon , Chang Young‐Tae
Published: August 2004

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Use of InCl3 as a Cocatalyst and a Cl2Pd(DPEphos)—P(2‐Furyl)3 Catalyst System for One‐Pot Hydrometalation—Cross‐Coupling and Carbometalation—Cross‐Coupling Tandem Processes.
Authors: Qian Mingxing , Huang Zhihong , Negishi Ei‐ichi
Published: August 2004

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Lewis Acid Mediated Diastereoselective Reduction of N‐Protected β‐Amino Ketones: Influence of the Nature of the Metal Atom and of the Nitrogen Protecting Group.
Authors: Bartoli Giuseppe , Bartolacci Massimo , Cortese Manuela , Marcantoni Enrico , Massaccesi Massimo , Pela Roberto , Sambri Letizia
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of Trimethylsilyl β‐(2,2‐Dimethylhydrazino)propionate.
Authors: Rakhlin V. I. , Gostevskii B. A. , Fomina A. N. , Mirskov R. G. , Makarova O. S. , Lopyrev V. A. , Voronkov M. G.
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of trans‐4‐Alkylcyclohexanecarbonic Acids and Their Derivatives.
Authors: Bazurin A. A. , Krasnikov S. V. , Obukhova T. A. , Betnev A. F. , Danilova A. S.
Published: August 2004

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Practical Procedures for the Preparation of N‐tert‐Butyldimethylsilylhydrazones and Their Use in Modified Wolff—Kishner Reductions and in the Synthesis of Vinyl Halides and gem‐Dihalides.
Authors: Furrow Michael E. , Myers Andrew G.
Published: August 2004

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A New Approach to Enantioselective Cyanation of Imines with Et2AlCN.
Authors: Nakamura Shuichi , Sato Naoki , Sugimoto Masashige , Toru Takeshi
Published: August 2004

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Unusual Reaction of β‐Hydroxy α‐Diazo Carbonyl Compounds with TsNHN=CHCOCl/Et3N.
Authors: Shi Weifeng , Zhang Bo , Liu Binge , Xu Feng , Xiao Fengping , Zhang Jian , Zhang Shiwei , Wang Jianbo
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of Sulfoxides by the Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Oxidation of Sulfides Catalyzed by Iron Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin: Scope and Chemoselectivity.
Authors: Baciocchi Enrico , Gerini Maria Francesca , Lapi Andrea
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Aminobenzylated Mannich Bases.
Authors: Nimavat K. S. , Popat K. H. , Vasoya S. L. , Joshi H. S.
Published: August 2004

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Preparation of Unsymmetrical Terphenyls via the Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Alkyl Biphenylsulfonates with Aryl Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Cho Chul‐Hee , Kim In‐Sook , Park Kwangyong
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure (R,R)‐ and (S,S)‐1,2‐Bis(pentafluorophenyl)ethane‐1,2‐diamine and Evaluation of the pKa Value by ab initio Calculations.
Authors: Sakai Takashi , Korenaga Toshinobu , Washio Noriyuki , Nishio Yuji , Minami Shinichi , Ema Tadashi
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of Potent Sigma‐1 Receptor Ligands via Fragmentation of Dextromethorphan.
Authors: Arrington Mark P. , Brown Claire , Schwartz C. Eric
Published: August 2004

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Radical‐Chain Functionalization at C—H Centers Using an O‐Oxiranylcarbinyl O‐Silyl Ketene Acetal.
Authors: Cai Yudong , Dang Hai‐Shan , Roberts Brian P.
Published: August 2004

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Stereospecific Synthesis of Optically Active Phenylpropylene Oxides.
Authors: Capriati Vito , Florio Saverio , Luisi Renzo , Nuzzo Irene
Published: August 2004

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γ‐Hydroxyalkynyl Ketones as Useful Scaffolds for the Preparation of Combinatorial Libraries of Furans, Isoxazoles and Pyrazoles.
Authors: Sauers Ronald R. , Van Arnum Susan D.
Published: August 2004

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Sulfochlorination of 2‐Thiophenecarboxylic Acid.
Authors: Tarasov A. V. , Moskvichev Yu. A. , Grigorichev A. K. , Belenkii L. I.
Published: August 2004

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Direct Introduction of Heterocyclic Units into Porphyrin Derivatives.
Authors: Chupakhin O. N. , Rusinov G. L. , Beresnev D. G. , Bashirov S. Sh. , Neves M. G. P. M. S. , Cavaleiro J. A. S.
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of Cycloalkanoindoles by an Unusual DAST‐Triggered Rearrangement Reaction.
Authors: Giannini Giuseppe , Marzi Mauro , Moretti Gian Piero , Penco Sergio , Tinti Maria Ornella , Pesci Silvia , Lazzaro Francesco , De Angelis Francesco
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of 5‐Acylamino‐1,2‐dihydro‐1‐pyrrolizinones.
Authors: Sun G. , Yang Z. , Zhang S. F.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Copper (II)‐Mediated Arylation with Aryl Boronic Acids for the N‐Derivatization of Pyrazole Libraries.
Authors: Rossiter Sharon , Woo Chi Kit , Hartzoulakis Basil , Wishart Grant , Stanyer Lee , Labadie Jeff W. , Selwood David L.
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of N‐(5‐Pyrazolyl) Schiff Bases Derived from Aryl Trifluoromethyl Ketones.
Authors: Vovk M. V. , Bol'but A. V. , Volochnyuk D. M. , Pinchuk A. M.
Published: August 2004

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Potentiation of Cytotoxic Drug Activity in Human Tumor Cell Lines, by Amine‐Substituted 2‐Arylbenzimidazole‐4‐carboxamide PARP‐1 Inhibitors.
Authors: Griffin Roger J. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

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New Synthesis of 4,5‐Diaryl‐1,3‐oxathiol‐2‐ones.
Authors: Krayushkin Mikhail M. , Ivanov Sergey N. , Lichitsky Boris V. , Kozhinov Denis V. , Vorontsova Lyudmila G. , Starikova Zoya A. , Dudinov Arkady A.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Simple One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,6‐Disubstituted 4‐(Polyfluoroalkyl)pyridines and ‐pyrimidines by Reaction of 2‐Polyfluoroalkylchromones with Aromatic Methyl Ketimines and Amidines.
Authors: Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Ya. , Usachev Boris I. , Sizov Aleksei Yu. , Barabanov Mikhail A.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tetrahydroisoquinolines as Subtype Selective Estrogen Agonists/Antagonists.
Authors: Chesworth Richard , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

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Identification and Synthesis of [1,2,4]Triazolo[3,4‐a]phthalazine Derivatives as High‐Affinity Ligands to the α2δ‐1 Subunit of Voltage Gated Calcium Channel.
Authors: Lebsack Alec D. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preliminary in vitro Studies on Two Potent, Water‐Soluble Trimethoprim Analogues with Exceptional Species Selectivity Against Dihydrofolate Reductase from Pneumocystis carinii and Mycobacterium avium.
Authors: Forsch Ronald A. , Queener Sherry F. , Rosowsky Andre
Published: August 2004

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A Highly Efficient Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones Catalyzed by Zinc Chloride.
Authors: Sun Qi , Wang Yi‐qiang , Ge Ze‐mei , Cheng Tie‐ming , Li Run‐tao
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of Some Quinoxaline Derivatives Bearing Aromatic Halogen Nucleus.
Authors: Popat K. H. , Nimavat K. S. , Thaker K. M. , Joshi H. S.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fused Polycyclic Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles. Part 6. Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines.
Authors: Mamedov V. A. , Kalinin A. A. , Gubaidullin A. T. , Litvinov I. A. , Azancheev N. M. , Levin Ya. A.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of Large Ring Acetylenic Lactones by Iodo Lactonization.
Authors: Rousseau Gerard , Strzalko Tekla , Roux Marie‐Claude
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Two New Diterpenoids from Ballota limbata.
Authors: Ahmad Viqar Uddin , Farooq Umar , Hussain Javid , Ullah Farman , Nawaz Sarfraz Ahmad , Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Triphenylphosphine—Iodine: An Efficient Reagent for the Regioselective Dehydration of Tertiary Alcohols.
Authors: Alvarez‐Manzaneda E. J. , Chahboun R. , Torres E. Cabrera , Alvarez E. , Alvarez‐Manzaneda R. , Haidour A. , Ramos J.
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Thiadiazolo Terpenoids on the Basis of Cyclopentanonopimaric and Betulonic Acids.
Authors: Flekhter O. B. , Tret'yakova E. V. , Medvedeva N. I. , Baltinax L. A. , Galin F. Z. , Tolstikov G. A. , Bakulev V. A.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Analogue (Ib) of Arenastatin A, a Potent Cytotoxic Spongean Depsipeptide with Antitumor Activity
Authors: Murakami Nobutoshi , Tamura Satoru , Koyama Kouhei , Sugimoto Masanori , Maekawa Ryuji , Kobayashi Motomasa
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Nucleophilic Addition with a New Chiral Template and Its Application to the Synthesis of Optically Active α‐Arylglycine Derivatives.
Authors: Tohma Shigemitsu , Rikimaru Kentaro , Endo Atsushi , Shimamoto Keiko , Kan Toshiyuki , Fukuyama Tohru
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Diketopiperazines Containing Prolinyl Unit — Cyclo(L‐prolinyl‐L‐leucine), Cyclo(L‐prolinyl‐L‐isoleucine) and Cyclo(L‐tryptophyl‐L‐proline).
Authors: Jhaumeer‐Laulloo S. , Khodabocus A. , Jugoo A. , Jheengut D. , Sobha S.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Glycosylation of Cyclitols: Synthesis of Neamine‐Type Aminoglycosides.
Authors: Verhelst Steven H. L. , Magnee Lisette , Wennekes Tom , Wiedenhof Wouter , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Overkleeft Herman S. , van Boeckel Constant A. A. , van Boom Jacques H.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A General Synthesis of Iminosugars.
Authors: McDonnell Ciaran , Cronin Linda , O'Brien Julie L. , Murphy Paul V.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Double Ring‐Closing Metathesis Approach for the Synthesis of β‐C‐Trisaccharides.
Authors: Postema Maarten H. D. , Piper Jared L. , Komanduri Venu , Liu Lei
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Three New C19‐Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Delphinium giraldii.
Authors: Zhou Xian‐Li , Chen Qiao‐Hong , Wang Feng‐Peng
Published: August 2004

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Bicyclic anti‐VZV Nucleosides: Thieno Analogues Bearing an Alkylphenyl Side Chain Have Reduced Antiviral Activity.
Authors: Angell Annette , McGuigan Christopher , Garcia Sevillano Luis , Snoeck Robert , Andrei Graciela , De Clercq Erik , Balzarini Jan
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Panax Acetylenes: Chiral Syntheses of Acetylpanaxydol, PQ‐3 and Panaxydiol.
Authors: Satoh Mitsuru , Watanabe Mitsuo , Kawahata Masatoshi , Mohri Kunihiko , Yoshida Yuki , Isobe Kimiaki , Fujimoto Yasuo
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Acetylenic Glucosides from Bidens bipinnata Linne.
Authors: Li Shuai , Kuang Hai‐Xue , Okada Yoshihito , Okuyama Toru
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Syntheses and Structure—Activity Relationship Studies of Piperidine‐Substituted Quinolones as Nonpeptide Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Antagonists.
Authors: Jiang Jinlong , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Magnetic Phase Diagrams of Manganites in the Electron Doping Region
Authors: Dunaevskii S. M.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries Prepared by Sol—Gel Methods
Authors: Liu H. , Wu Y. P. , Rahm E. , Holze R. , Wu H. Q.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Some Recent Highlights in Gold Chemistry
Authors: Gimeno M. Concepcion , Laguna Antonio
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Processing, Assembly and Activation of Core—Shell Structured Gold Nanoparticle Catalysts
Authors: Maye Mathew M. , Luo Jin , Han Li , Kariuki Nancy N. , Zhong Chuan‐Jian
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Noble Metals
Authors: Thornton Peter
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Manganese, Technetium and Rhenium
Authors: Thornton Peter
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Supramolecular Chemistry with Metal Ions and Heterocycles, Including Nucleobases
Authors: Freisinger E. , Roitzsch M. , Beck B. , Schneider A. , Lueth M. S. , Rother I. B. , Schnebeck R. D. , Willermann M. , Kampf G. , Navarro J. A. R. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthetic Methods. Part 1. Free‐Radical Reactions
Authors: Rowlands Gareth J.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[4 + 2]‐Cycloaddition Reactions and Cyclophanes
Authors: Thiemann Thies
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selected Strategies for the Synthesis of Triphenylenes
Authors: Perez Dolores , Guitian Enrique
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The NiCl2—Li—Arene(cat.) Combination: A Versatile Reducing Mixture
Authors: Alonso Francisco , Yus Miguel
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Peptide and Amino Acid Glycation: New Insights into the Maillard Reaction
Authors: Horvat Stefica , Jakas Andreja
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phosphines and Phosphonium Salts
Authors: Allen D. W.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Difunctionalized Organo‐Phosphorus and Organo‐Sulfur Compounds
Authors: Gulea Mihaela , Masson Serge
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Molecular Electron Affinities and the Calculation of the Temperature Dependence of the Electron‐Capture Detector Response
Authors: Chen E. C. M. , Chen E. S.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Porphyrin—Fullerene Linked Systems as Artificial Photosynthetic Mimics
Authors: Imahori Hiroshi
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Well‐Defined Secondary Structures. Information‐Storing Molecular Duplexes and Helical Foldamers Based on Unnatural Peptide Backbones
Authors: Sanford Adam R. , Yamato Kazuhiro , Yang Xiaowu , Yuan Lihua , Han Yaohua , Gong Bing
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bioinorganic Chemistry
Authors: McMaster J.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactive Dry‐Milling for Environmental Protection Encouraging Industrial Applications for High Kinetic Processing
Authors: Kaupp G. , Naimi‐Jamal M. R. , Ren H. , Zoz H.
Published: August 2004

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Theoretical Studies of Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer Reactions
Authors: Hammes‐Schiffer Sharon , Iordanova Nedialka
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hyperthermal Collisions of Atomic Clusters and Fullerenes
Authors: Deng R. , Echt O.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The role of aromatase inhibitors in the adjuvant treatment of breast carcinoma
Authors: Morandi Paolo , Rouzier Roman , Altundag Kadri , Buzdar Aman U. , Theriault Richard L. , Hortobagyi Gabriel
Published: August 2004

BACKGROUND

The authors examined the published evidence on the use of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) in the adjuvant setting in postmenopausal, hormone receptor–positive patients, and they provide recommendations for clinical management in 3 different situations: newly diagnosed women, women who have already received tamoxifen for 2–3 years, and women who have completed 5‐years of tamoxifen and are disease free.

METHODS

All double‐blind, randomized, prospective studies were reviewed. Data sources included the MEDLINE data base, reviews, editorials, and experts.

RESULTS

The Arimidex, Tamoxifen Alone or in Combination (ATAC) trial, the Intergroup Exemestane Study (IES), and the MA‐17 trial confirmed the superiority of AIs over tamoxifen in women with early‐stage breast carcinoma, improving disease‐free survival (DFS) considerably. In the ATAC trial, the 4‐year DFS rate was 86.9% on anastrozole and 84.5% on tamoxifen (P = 0.03); in the IES, the 3‐year DFS rate was 91.5% on exemestane and 86.8% on tamoxifen (P = 0.00005); and, in MA‐17, the 4‐year estimated DFS rate was 93% on letrozole and 87% on placebo (P ≤ 0.001). All studies were limited because of the immaturity of data, particularly concerning long‐term safety. A negative impact on bone health was observed in all three trials. However short‐term side effects were acceptable. In addition, the studies demonstrated a significant reduction in the frequency of new primary tumors in the contralateral breast.

CONCLUSIONS

Current data support anastrozole as first‐line adjuvant hormonal therapy, or a change to AIs after 2–3 years of tamoxifen, or the use of letrozole at the end of a 5‐year course of tamoxifen as first‐choice treatment options for the management of hormone receptor–positive breast carcinoma in postmenopausal women. Ongoing clinical trials should help to define the precise timing, duration, and sequencing of AI therapy, in addition to the long‐term tolerability profile and potential differences between anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis C who develop hepatocellular carcinoma after a sustained response to interferon therapy
Authors: Makiyama Akiko , Itoh Yoshito , Kasahara Akinori , Imai Yasuharu , Kawata Sumio , Yoshioka Kentaro , Tsubouchi Hirohito , Kiyosawa Kendo , Kakumu Shinichi , Okita Kiwamu , Hayashi Norio , Okanoue Takeshi
Published: August 2004

BACKGROUND

The objective of the current study was to determine the characteristic features of sustained responders who develop hepatocellular carcinoma after treatment with interferon for chronic hepatitis C.

METHODS

This study included 3626 patients with chronic hepatitis C who had received interferon monotherapy. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to compare sustained responders who did and did not develop hepatocellular carcinoma, and nonsustained responders who developed hepatocellular carcinoma in a multicenter, retrospective cohort study.

RESULTS

Among 1197 sustained responders, 27 patients developed hepatocellular carcinoma (2.3%). Compared with sustained responders who did not develop hepatocellular carcinoma, patients who developed disease more often were male (P = 0.0212), were older (P = 0.0068), and had advanced‐stage histologic disease before interferon therapy (P = 0.0345). Conversely, compared with patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who were not sustained responders, patients who were sustained responders tended to be older at the time of the initiation of interferon therapy (P = 0.0552) and at the time hepatocellular carcinoma was detected (P = 0.0593), and they also were predominantly male (P = 0.0507). The histologic staging and serum aminotransferase levels at the initiation of interferon therapy, the interval to the detection of tumor, and the tumor size showed no significant differences between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Sustained responders in the group at high risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma after interferon therapy were older, more often were male, and had more advanced histologic disease stage. Such patients should be followed carefully periodically for > 10 years after they complete interferon therapy. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Stereotactic hypofractionated high‐dose irradiation for stage I nonsmall cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Onishi Hiroshi , Araki Tsutomu , Shirato Hiroki , Nagata Yasushi , Hiraoka Masahiro , Gomi Kotaro , Yamashita Takashi , Niibe Yuzuru , Karasawa Katsuyuki , Hayakawa Kazushige , Takai Yoshihiro , Kimura Tomoki , Hirokawa Yutaka , Takeda Atsuya , Ouchi Atsushi , Hareyama Masato , Kokubo Masaki , Hara Ryusuke , Itami Jun , Yamada Kazunari
Published: August 2004

BACKGROUND

Stereotactic irradiation (STI) has been actively performed using various methods to achieve better local control of Stage I nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in Japan. The authors retrospectively evaluated results from a Japanese multiinstitutional study.

METHODS

Patients with Stage I NSCLC (n = 245; median age, 76 years; T1N0M0, n=155; T2N0M0, n=90) were treated with hypofractionated high‐dose STI in 13 institutions. Stereotactic three‐dimensional treatment was performed using noncoplanar dynamic arcs or multiple static ports. A total dose of 18–75 gray (Gy) at the isocenter was administered in 1–22 fractions. The median calculated biologic effective dose (BED) was 108 Gy (range, 57–180 Gy).

RESULTS

During follow‐up (median, 24 months; range, 7–78 months), pulmonary complications of National Cancer Institute‐Common Toxicity Criteria Grade > 2 were observed in only 6 patients (2.4%). Local progression occurred in 33 patients (14.5%), and the local recurrence rate was 8.1% for BED ≥ 100 Gy compared with 26.4% for < 100 Gy (P < 0.05). The 3‐year overall survival rate of medically operable patients was 88.4% for BED ≥ 100 Gy compared with 69.4% for < 100 Gy (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Hypofractionated high‐dose STI with BED < 150 Gy was feasible and beneficial for curative treatment of patients with Stage I NSCLC. For all treatment methods and schedules, local control and survival rates were better with BED ≥ 100 Gy compared with < 100 Gy. Survival rates in selected patients (medically operable, BED ≥ 100 Gy) were excellent, and were potentially comparable to those of surgery. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Active chemotherapy for sarcomatoid and rapidly progressing renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Nanus David M. , Garino Alexandria , Milowsky Matthew I. , Larkin Maureen , Dutcher Janice P.
Published: August 2004

BACKGROUND

Immunotherapy is generally ineffective in patients with sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and in patients with rapidly progressive metastatic or locally recurrent disease, with a median time to progression of approximately 2 months and a median survival of 4–7 months. Gemcitabine‐based regimens have modest antitumor activity, whereas doxorubicin is often used to treat sarcomatoid RCC. Based on the antitumor activity of doxorubicin and gemcitabine in collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney, the authors used this combination to treat selected patients with sarcomatoid or rapidly progressing RCC.

METHODS

Eighteen patients (11 males and 7 females; median age, 53 years; range, 31–81 years) with RCC (56% sarcomatoid; 44% other) were treated at 2 institutions in a collaborative study that was not institutional review board reviewed. Seven patients received previous treatment with interferon or interleukin‐2. Sites of metastases included the lung, soft tissue, bone, liver, and brain with 88% of patients having ≥ 3 sites of disease. Treatment consisted of doxorubicin (50 mg/m2) and gemcitabine (1500 or 2000 mg/m2) every 2–3 weeks with granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor support.

RESULTS

A median of 5 courses was administered (range, 2–12 cycles). Therapy was well tolerated with no Grade 4 toxicities. Two patients had a complete response, five had a partial response, three had a mixed response, and one had stable disease. The median duration of response was 5 months (range, 2–21+ months).

CONCLUSIONS

These data suggested that the combination of doxorubicin and gemcitabine has antitumor activity in patients with sarcomatoid RCC or with rapidly progressing RCC. A prospective investigation of this combination in RCC is warranted. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Vinorelbine and low‐dose cyclophosphamide in the treatment of pediatric sarcomas
Authors: Casanova Michela , Ferrari Andrea , Bisogno Gianni , Merks Johannes H. M. , De Salvo Gian Luca , Meazza Cristina , Tettoni Katia , Provenzi Massimo , Mazzarino Ida , Carli Modesto
Published: August 2004

BACKGROUND

Following their previous report on the activity of vinorelbine in the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma, the authors report the results of a pilot study aimed at defining the optimal dose of vinorelbine when this agent is used in conjunction with continuous, orally administered low‐dose cyclophosphamide to treat patients with refractory or recurrent sarcoma. It is hoped that the combination of vinorelbine and low‐dose cyclophosphamide can be used as a maintenance regimen in an upcoming European trial involving high‐risk patients with rhabdomyosarcoma.

METHODS

In the current pilot study, the cyclophosphamide dose was fixed at 25 mg/m2 per day for 28 days. Vinorelbine was administered intravenously on Days 1, 8, and 15, with trial doses escalated from an initial level of 15 mg/m2 in steps of 5 mg/m2; intrapatient dose escalation was not allowed.

RESULTS

Between April 2002 and November 2003, 18 patients ages 2–23 years were treated with the study regimen after having received 1–4 (median, 2) other regimens previously. Ninety cycles were administered in total (median, 5 cycles per patient; range, 1–10 cycles per patient). Two cases of dose‐limiting toxicity (Grade 4 neutropenia in both cases) were observed among the 5 patients who received vinorelbine at a dose of 30 mg/m2. Of the 41 cycles in which vinorelbine was administered at a dose of 25 mg/m2, Grade ≥ 3 neutropenia was observed in 15 (37%); no other major toxicity was documented in association with these cycles. One complete remission and 6 partial remissions were noted among the 17 patients who had measurable disease. Three of the eight assessable patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (which was embryonal in two cases and alveolar in one) had responses to treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

Combination therapy involving vinorelbine and low‐dose cyclophosphamide was found to be feasible and to possess activity against recurrent sarcomas. The maintenance therapy doses recommended for use in the upcoming European trial are cyclophosphamide 25 mg/m2 per day for 28 days and vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 on Days 1, 8, and 15. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Physicians don't ask, sometimes patients tell
Authors: Boehmer Ulrike , Case Patricia
Published: August 2004

BACKGROUND

The disclosure of sexual orientation to physicians is uncertain and the reasons are poorly understood. The current study was undertaken to describe the disclosure of sexual orientation among sexual minority women with breast carcinoma.

METHODS

Individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a sample of 39 sexual minority women with a diagnosis of breast carcinoma who lived in New England. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using qualitative data analysis software. Through constant comparison methods, themes related to disclosure were identified from the narrative data.

RESULTS

Sexual minority patient‐provider relationships were marked by apprehension, and providers did not inquire about sexual orientation. The majority of women actively disclosed their sexual orientation, whereas 11 women passively refused disclosure.

CONCLUSIONS

Providers should create opportunities for the disclosure of sexual orientation to provide more comprehensive care. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
The polarimetric 𝒢 distribution for SAR data analysis
Authors: Freitas Corina C. , Frery Alejandro C. , Correia Antonio H.
Published: August 2004

Remote sensing data, and radar data in particular, have become an essential tool for environmental studies. Many airborne polarimetric sensors are currently operational, and many more will be available in the near future including spaceborne platforms. The signal‐to‐noise ratio of this kind of imagery is lower than that of optical information, thus requiring a careful statistical modelling. This modelling may lead to useful or useless techniques for image processing and analysis, according to the agreement between the data and their assumed properties. Several distributions have been used to describe synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. Many of these univariate laws arise by assuming the multiplicative model, such as Rayleigh, square root of gamma, exponential, gamma, and the class of 𝒦Idistributions. The adequacy of these distributions depends on the detection (amplitude, intensity, complex, etc.), the number of looks, and the homogeneity of the data. In Freryet al.(1997), another class of univariate distributions, called 𝒢, was proposed to model extremely heterogeneous clutter, such as urban areas, as well as other types of clutter. This article extends the univariate 𝒢 family to the multivariate multi‐look polarimetric situation: the 𝒢plaw. The new family has the classical polarimetric multi‐look 𝒦pdistribution as a particular case, but another special case is shown to be more flexible and tractable, while having the same number of parameters and fully retaining their interpretability: the 𝒢law. The main properties of this new multivariate distribution are shown. Some results of modelling polarimetric data using the 𝒢distribution are presented for two airborne polarimetric systems and a variety of targets, showing its expressiveness beyond classical models. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Likelihood‐based tests for localized spatial clustering of disease
Authors: Gangnon Ronald E. , Clayton Murray K.
Published: August 2004

Numerous methods have been proposed for detecting spatial clustering of disease. Two methods for likelihood‐based inference using parametric models for clustering are the spatial scan statistic and the weighted average likelihood ratio (WALR) test. The spatial scan statistic provides a measure of evidence for clustering at a specific, data‐identified location; it can be biased towards finding clusters in areas with greater spatial resolution. The WALR test provides a more global assessment of the evidence for clustering and identifies cluster locations in a relatively unbiased fashion using a posterior distribution over potential clusters. We consider two new statistics which attempt to combine the specificity of the scan statistic with the lack of bias of the WALR test: a scan statistic based on a penalized likelihood ratio and a localized version of the WALR test. We evaluate the power of these tests and bias of the associated estimates through simulations and demonstrate their application using the well‐known New York leukemia data. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparing the HR profession for technology and information work
Authors: Hempel Paul S.
Published: August 2004

Technology and human resource management have broad influences upon each other. Technology not only changes the administration of human resources (HR), which is the domain of e‐HR, but also changes organizations and work. HR professionals must be able to adopt technologies that allow the reengineering of the HR function, be prepared to support organizational and work‐design changes enabled by technology, and be able to support the proper managerial climate for innovative and knowledge‐based organizations. An examination of HR professional degree programs shows that traditional HR education has poorly prepared the HR profession for these challenges. To address this shortfall, HR education must be revised to provide a greater focus on technological issues, and HR educators must acquire the skills needed to teach these courses. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Form, content, and function: An evaluative methodology for corporate employment web sites
Authors: Cober Richard T. , Brown Douglas J. , Levy Paul E.
Published: August 2004

The current article reports the findings from two qualitative analyses of organizational Web sites drawn from two years of Fortune's list of “Best Companies to Work For.” The results of these analyses provide a snapshot of online employment recruitment practices at two periods in time and supplied data for a classification procedure used to develop an evaluative methodology for assessing the impact of Web sites on job‐seeker perceptions. The subsequent analysis provides insight about how the form, content, and function of employment Web sites affect job‐seeker employment‐pursuit decisions. Trends identified in this research also provide guidance for future research and practice in the area of employment Web‐site strategy and design. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trust and leadership in virtual teamwork: A media naturalness perspective
Authors: DeRosa Darleen M. , Hantula Donald A. , Kock Ned , D'Arcy John
Published: August 2004

Paradoxically, virtual teams are ubiquitous and often successful, contrary to most current communication theories'predictions. Media naturalness theory (Kock, 2001), an evolutionary perspective on communication and its principles of media naturalness, innate schema similarity, and learned schema diversity can be used to understand, study, and manage successful virtual teamwork. In particular, potential problems of trust and leadership in virtual teams are shown to be amenable to solutions rooted explicitly in an evolutionary context. From a media naturalness perspective, geographic distance and technological complexity are secondary to processes of adaptation, as humans remain the most complex and flexible part of the communication system.©2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beyond user acceptance: An examination of employee reactions to information technology systems
Authors: Fisher Sandra L. , Howell Ann W.
Published: August 2004

With failure rates of new information technology (IT) systems approaching 50% by some estimates, it is critical to understand more about the processes contributing to success and failure of these initiatives. Research in the IT field focuses on system usage as the primary outcome of interest. This article suggests that system designers and organizational researchers must also consider unintended reactions of users to such systems. We develop a process model based on theories related to organizational sensemaking and socialization to help understand employee reactions to IT systems. Recommendations for future research and system design are provided. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of thymidylate synthase polymorphisms with gastric cancer susceptibility
Authors: Graziano Francesco , Kawakami Kazuyuki , Watanabe Go , Ruzzo Annamaria , Humar Bostjan , Santini Daniele , Catalano Vincenzo , Ficarelli Rita , Merriman Tony , Panunzi Simona , Testa Enrica , Cascinu Stefano , Bearzi Italo , Tonini Giuseppe , Magnani Mauro
Published: August 2004

We investigated in a case‐control study a possible role of thymidylate synthase gene (TS) polymorphisms for gastric cancer susceptibility. Lymphocyte genomic DNA from 134 Italian gastric cancer patients and 139 controls was used for genotyping two polymorphisms in the TS 5′‐untranslated region (5′‐UTR); a double (2R) or triple (3R) 28‐bp repeat and a G/C polymorphism within the triple repeats allele (3G allele). Samples were also genotyped at a 6‐bp deletion/insertion (del6 or ins6) polymorphism at position 1494 in the TS 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR). Unconditional regression with odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), haplotype and linkage disequilibrium analyses were used to investigate the association of the polymorphisms with the disease. The global allelic distribution was in Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium. Genotypes with the 3G allele (2R/3G, 3C/3G, 3G/3G) were significantly more frequent in patients than controls and were associated with gastric cancer risk (OR = 2.06; 95% CI = 1.26–3.35). A significant risk was also observed for carriers of the del6 allele in the 3′‐UTR. Odds ratios for combined 3G‐del6/ins6 and 3G‐del6/del6 genotypes were 2.59 (95% CI = 1.36–4.94) and 2.81 (95% CI = 1.22–6.64), respectively. The 3G‐del6 haplotype showed a significant association with the disease (p = 0.01). Polymorphisms in the TS gene may contribute to gastric cancer susceptibility and this finding deserve further investigation in the context of novel strategies for gastric cancer prevention. In vitro, 3G genotypes have been related to high TS mRNA expression, which may underlie one of the possible etiologic mechanisms. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human papillomavirus is more common in base of tongue than in mobile tongue cancer and is a favorable prognostic factor in base of tongue cancer patients
Authors: Dahlgren Liselotte , Dahlstrand Hanna (Mellin) , Lindquist David , Högmo Anders , Björnestål Linda , Lindholm Johan , Lundberg Bertil , Dalianis Tina , Munck‐Wikland Eva
Published: August 2004

The frequency of human papilloma virus (HPV) and its influence on clinical outcome was analyzed retrospectively in pre‐treatment paraffin embedded biopsies from 110 patients with tongue cancer. The presence of HPV DNA was examined in 85 mobile tongue tumors and 25 base of tongue tumors by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 2 general primer pairs, GP5+/6+ and CPI/IIG. When HPV‐DNA was found, HPV‐type specific primers and direct sequencing were used for HPV sub‐type verification. Twelve of 110 (10.9%) samples were HPV‐positive; 9 for HPV‐16, 1 for HPV‐33, 1 for HPV‐35 and 1 could not be analyzed because of shortage of DNA. HPV was significantly more common in base of tongue tumors (10/25, 40.0%) compared to tumors of the mobile tongue (2/85, 2.3%). The influence of HPV on clinical outcome in mobile tongue cancer could not be studied, due to that HPV was present in too few cases. Of the 19 patients with base of tongue cancer that were included in the survival analysis, however, 7 patients with HPV‐positive base of tongue cancer had a significantly favorable 5‐year survival rate compared to the 12 HPV‐negative patients. In conclusion, HPV is significantly more common in base of tongue cancer than in mobile tongue cancer, and has a positive impact on disease‐specific survival in patients with base of tongue cancer. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of proinflammatory cytokines on the adhesion of human colon carcinoma cells to lung microvascular endothelium
Authors: Ten Kate Miranda , Hofland Leo J. , van Grevenstein Wilhelmina M.U. , van Koetsveld Peter V. , Jeekel Johannes , van Eijck Casper H.J.
Published: August 2004

In this experimental study, the influence of surgery‐induced proinflammatory cytokines on tumor recurrence in the lung was investigated. A reproducible human in vitro assay was developed to study the adhesion of HT29 colon carcinoma cells to monolayers of microvascular endothelial cells of the lung (HMVECs‐L) or human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs). Preincubation of HMVECs‐L with maximally active concentrations of IL‐1β and TNF‐α, but not with IL‐6, resulted in at least 250% adhesion compared to control adhesion (p ≤ 0.01). The effect of IL‐1β and TNF‐α was concentration‐ and time‐dependent. Comparable results were found for HUVECs. Tumor cell adhesion was not increased after preincubation of HT29 with TNF‐α. Enzyme immunoassays of cytokine‐preincubated HUVECs and HMVECs‐L showed concentration‐ and time‐dependent upregulation of E‐selectin, ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 expression. In addition, LFA‐1 and VLA‐4 were only expressed on HMVECs‐L, creating more binding possibilities for HMVECs‐L compared to HUVECs. Inhibition assays with anti‐E‐selectin monoclonal antibody significantly decreased tumor cell adhesion to HUVECs; however, it did not affect tumor cell adhesion to HMVECs‐L. Furthermore, anti‐ICAM‐1 and anti‐VCAM‐1 antibodies did not affect adhesion. Our results prove IL‐1β and TNF‐α promote tumor cell adhesion to HMVECs‐L in vitro and may therefore account for enhanced tumor recurrence in the lung seen after major surgical trauma. The adhesion of HT29 to HUVEC is inhibitable by E‐selectin antibodies, whereas the adhesion to HMVEC‐L is not inhibitable by these antibodies. Probably not one but a complex of adhesion molecules is responsible for enhanced adhesion to HMVECs‐L. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prospective study on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among hepatitis C virus‐positive blood donors focusing on demographic factors, alanine aminotransferase level at donation and interaction with hepatitis B virus
Authors: Tanaka Hideo , Tsukuma Hideaki , Yamano Hajime , Oshima Akira , Shibata Hirotoshi
Published: August 2004

The risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among asymptomatic hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers is not well understood. A community‐based prospective study was conducted for over 8 years by record linkage to the Osaka Cancer Registry. The subjects were 1,927 individuals who were positive for anti‐HCV through screening for second‐generation HCV antibody (passive hemagglutination assay: ≥ 212) in voluntary blood donation. The risk factors for HCC and interaction between HCV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were evaluated by including additional blood donors: 2,519 individuals positive for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) alone, 25 positive for both anti‐HCV and HBsAg, 150,379 negative for both anti‐HCV and HBsAg. The incidence of HCC (/105 person‐years) among the HCV‐positive individuals increased with age in both genders, ranging from 68 to 1,306 among those aged 45–74 years. In the HCV‐positive individuals, the cumulative risk of developing HCC between the ages of 40 and 74 year was 21.6% among males and 8.7% among females. A stepwise increase in risk was noted as the serum alanine aminotransferase level increased or serum cholesterol level at baseline decreased in multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis. The 9‐year cumulative incidence of HCC among individuals positive for HCV alone, those positive for HBsAg alone and those positive for both was 3.0%, 2.0% and 12.0%, respectively. The age‐and‐sex‐adjusted rate ratio was 126, 102 and 572, respectively, when those negative for both were used as a reference. The results demonstrate an increased risk for HCC among asymptomatic HCV‐positive individuals in Japan. Coinfection with HBV and HCV carried a superadditive risk for HCC. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic relevance of TGF‐β1 and PAI‐1 in cervical cancer
Authors: Hazelbag Suzanne , Kenter Gemma G. , Gorter Arko , Fleuren Gert Jan
Published: August 2004

Cervical carcinoma is a human papilloma virus (HPV)‐related immunogenic type of malignancy, in which escape of the tumor from the hosts' immune response is thought to play an important role in carcinogenesis. The multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) is involved in immunosuppression, stroma and extracellular matrix formation and controlling (epithelial) cell growth. The plasminogen activating (PA) system plays a key role in the cascade of tumor‐associated proteolysis leading to extracellular matrix degradation and stromal invasion. Changes in expression of components of this system, including plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1), have been associated with poor prognosis in a variety of solid tumors. The present study was undertaken to assess the role of both components on relapse, survival and other clinicopathologic parameters in cervical cancer. The expression of TGF‐β1 mRNA in 108 paraffin‐embedded cervical carcinomas was detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of PAI‐1 protein. The presence of cytoplasmatic TGF‐β1 mRNA in tumor cells was not significantly correlated with the other clinicopathologic parameters investigated or with a worse (disease‐free) survival. Expression of the PAI‐1 protein in tumor cells was strongly correlated with worse overall and disease‐free survival, in addition to well‐known prognostic parameters such as lymph node metastasis, depth of tumor infiltration, tumor size and vasoinvasion. In the multivariate analysis, PAI‐1 turned out to be a strong independent prognostic factor. In a subgroup of patients without lymph node metastases, PAI‐1 was predictive for worse survival and relapse of disease, too. Our results show that the (enhanced) expression of PAI‐1 by carcinoma cells is correlated with worse (overall and disease‐free) survival of patients with cancer of the uterine cervix. The expression of TGF‐β1 in itself is not associated with worse survival in these patients. Although simultaneous presence of the 2 factors was observed in all tumors, induction of PAI‐1 by TGF‐β1 could not be demonstrated in our group of cervical carcinomas. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.