bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transition and Transformation into a Cloud Environment
Authors: Zolotow Clea , Graf Florian , Pfitzmann Birgit , Huber Rebecca , Schlatter Marcel , Schrøder-Hansen Claus , Hunt Anthony
Published: October 2016

It is a challenge to migrate and transform existing workloads into the cloud, especially those requiring the higher standardization of managed services. Covered here are the various types of transition and transformation into the cloud from lift and shift to automated migration; the tooling and automation for the cloud environment; and the migration services via wave planning and check-pointing to the cloud for customers. Transition and Transformation is an integral part of cloud services, and creating a repeatable, reusable, factory model for a customer ensures a successful cloud migration.
Enterprise IT Transformation Using Cloud Service Broker
Authors: Jaluka Rajesh
Published: October 2016

Cloud is significantly changing the economics as well as delivery and support model for Information Technology. Every enterprise needs to come up with a plan to transform their current IT and embrace cloud. The road to transformation poses many challenges and there is no one right answer. The objective of this chapter is to describe some of the key challenges and provide a methodology based on IBM Design Thinking to address the challenges. The author will also enlighten the readers on how a Cloud Service Broker can help smoothen the journey.
University Rankings
Authors: Andersson Bertil , Mayer Tony
Published: October 2016

While we all recognise the limitations of ranking systems, even if combined with bibliometrics, they remain influential at both the national and international arenas even if a large component is anchored in a subjective reputation survey. While the rankings give visibility to young and rising universities, and this is one way for them to gain worldwide recognition, the reputation survey means that these young institutions forever remain ‘in the shade' of the older and well established universities. So rankings remain an important means whereby ambitious, up and coming young institutions can achieve both recognition and identify the areas for strengthening which should eventually allow the young universities to challenge their established peers. Finally rankings should also recognise the diversity that must exist amongst universities and this is where the younger universities have a particular role to play.
Role of University Rankings in the Context of Lack of Resources
Authors: Platis Magdalena
Published: October 2016

In the contemporary context, educational sector faces many challenges which are reflected in specific institutional reactions. Rankings specific to higher education systems are a real phenomenon. Management teams at all levels understand differently the role of being active towards rankings – from a national support and institutional scope, to a lack of interest from both levels. Methodologies of different rankings are also different. In fact, participating in a ranking or another is something to be decided by the university management. The mission of this chapter is to reveal the role of rankings in the contemporary context of resource decreasing. Some answers will improve the decision-making process related to rankings, as well as to other institutional changes adopted in higher education institutions. The existence of rankings cannot be denied. Understanding the role of rankings is one of the most important premises for a correct strategic development of the higher education institutions.
Do High Ranked Universities Have Better Graduate Employment Outcomes?
Authors: Shah Mahsood , Vu Hai Yen , Eley Winnie
Published: October 2016

University rankings are increasingly used as a measure of quality and reputation. Institutional leaders are increasingly using the outcomes of ranking in marketing of university courses. Both the critics of ranking and those who support have different viewpoints. Institutions that are ranked high celebrate their achievement however limited research is known on how outcomes of ranking are used to reward academic staff. Likewise some institutions that are not ranked enjoy ongoing student demand with increased diversity of student population, and comparable graduate outcomes. Some research suggests that students consider ranking to determine their choice, however others have ruled out. This chapter reviews the literature on both sides of the argument about ranking and it then presents the graduate employment data related to Australian universities to find out if elite universities have better graduate employment outcomes compared other universities.
Globalization of World University Rankings and Its Impact on Asian Universities
Authors: Ganotice Jr. Fraide A. , Tang Hei-Hang Hayes , Tsui Gordon , Villarosa Jonalyn B. , Yeung Susanna S.
Published: October 2016

This chapter discusses how Asian universities respond to the global prevalence of university rankings, which are operated in various form with different emphases. First, it defines the context and rationales of the rise of world university rankings. Next, it compares and contrasts the three dominant university rankings, namely, Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), and Times higher Education University Rankings (THE). After assessing the controversies, limitations and solutions of the dominant ranking systems, we will evaluate the current performance of Asian universities and discuss what lessons are to be learned by Asian universities amid the globalizing forces of world university ranking.
The Fermentation GutHub Project and the Internet of Microbes
Authors: Dolejsova Marketa , Kera Denisa
Published: October 2016

The Fermentation GutHub is a local community of fermentation enthusiasts in Singapore formed around ‘smart' human-microbial interactions. The project is a critique of the common IoT utopia claiming efficient and transparent interactions between citizens and various stakeholders using smart sensors and monitoring devices in the cities of the future. Instead of relying on technology produced and supported by corporate actors or large government plans, the GutHub scenario uses existing fermentation groups and DIY tools as a model for designing resilient and symbiotic urban communities. Against the utopia of evidence-based decision making driven by policy and corporate actors, it emphasizes the importance of collective experience with risk and opportunities negotiated on a grassroots level. The project supports citizens' exchanges of various cultures, fermentation practices, and sometimes dangerous but also beneficial experiments with our guts as an interface, and proposes a model for messier IoT scenarios of future cities.
Making Citizens' Activities Flourish through a Crowdsourcing-Based Social Infrastructure
Authors: Sakamoto Mizuki , Nakajima Tatsuo
Published: October 2016

We now typically live in modern cities, where ubiquitous computing technologies such as advanced sensing enhance various aspects of our everyday lives. For example, smart phones offer necessary information to make our everyday lives convenient anytime, anywhere in the city; energy management and traffic management have become smarter, making our everyday lives more convenient and efficient. However, from a citizen perspective, the well-being of citizens needs to be more essential than merely achieving efficient and convenient smart city infrastructures. We think that this issue is particularly crucial for establishing the next generation of smart city design. In this chapter, we propose a social infrastructure named flourished crowdsourcing to make our society flourish, so diverse citizens will live comfortably and happily. To achieve a flourishing society, one of the most essential issues is making diverse citizens activists who will participate in socially collective activities. Traditional approaches such as gamification typically make it possible to guide the social activities of the average number of citizens, but it is not easy to maintain activities for diverse citizens. By incorporating fictionality into the real space, our approach is to increase the social awareness of citizens to achieve a flourishing society within each citizen's community so that they see the necessity of their contribution. To design and analyze fictionality, we also propose a gameful digital rhetoric as design abstractions. The design abstractions are extremely different from traditional approaches; designers can explicitly focus on the enhancement of the meaning in the real space from multiple perspectives; thus designers can change the meaning incrementally according to rapidly changing social situations or citizens' diverse preferences.
Public Perception Spatial Data from the PPGIS Jaguarão Experiment
Authors: Bugs Geisa , Kyttä Marketta
Published: October 2016

This chapter addresses PPGIS (Public Participation Geographic Information Systems), a participatory method through which the public can produce maps and spatial data that represent their perceptions of the urban space in question. Specifically, it analyzes the data collected from an experiment in Jaguarão, Brazil. The data represents the perceptions of a small group of inhabitants about the problems and potential of the city's urban area. The procedures include an exploratory analysis and data visualization in the form of maps that allow describing a variable's distribution and identifying patterns. Moreover, for some issues, the authors cross the perception collected data with infrastructure data, socioeconomic data, and cadastral data to study possible associations among these different types of information layers. The results show that public perception, collected through PPGIS, forms an additional information layer that could be analyzed together with other information layers commonly used in urban planning, and thus to be taken into account for designing better cities.
Understanding Morality and Ethics
Authors: Fransson Göran
Published: October 2016

This chapter provides a theoretical base for the understanding of moral and ethical issues in teaching. It outlines how teaching can be regarded as a social, relational and moral endeavor and discusses the moral and ethical dimensions of teaching and learning. Classical ethical frames, such as consequentialism, deontology and virtue ethics, are described and problematized as guiding frames for the process of moral decision-making. Bauman's ideas about ethics in postmodern society are presented, including the notion of moral uncertainty and ambivalence in present-day society. Habermas' (1996) discourse ethics, emphasizing communicative actions, are also introduced. The theoretical frame of dilemmatic space is proposed as an additional means of understanding and maneuvering through the complexities of modern everyday life, where varying norms and values and moral and political positions are taken into account. Conflicting views of how morality develops are presented and challenges for teaching morality and ethics outlined.
The Importance of Teacher Education in Global Education
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: October 2016

This chapter explains the overview of teacher education; teacher education, technological approach, and learning materials; the perspectives on teacher educator; the perspectives on novice teacher; teacher education and teacher competence; teacher education, teacher identity, and social justice; and the importance of teacher education in global education. Teacher education is a continuous process, starting with preservice teacher education, followed by in-service education and continuing education. The aim of teacher education is to create a pedagogically thinking teacher with adequate amounts of theoretical background knowledge and a reflectively-critical attitude toward the challenges encountered in the teaching profession. Technology pedagogy, the 21st century skills, and ethical approaches are very important for preservice teacher practices. The chapter argues that encouraging teacher education has the potential to improve educational performance and gain sustainable competitive advantage in global education.
The Use of the Terrestrial Photogrammetry in Reverse Engineering Applications
Authors: Yastikli Naci , Erisir Zehra , Altintas Pelin , Cak Tugba
Published: October 2016

The reverse engineering applications has gained great momentum in industrial production with developments in the fields of computer vision and computer-aided design (CAD). The reproduction of an existing product or a spare part, reproduction of an existing surface, elimination of the defect or improvement of the available product are the goals of industrial reverse engineering applications. The first and the most important step in reverse engineering applications is the generation of the three dimensional (3D) metric model of an existing product in computer environment. After this stage, many operations such as the preparation of molds for mass production, the performance testing, the comparison of the existing product with other products and prototypes which are available on the market are performed by using the generated 3D models. In reverse engineering applications, the laser scanner system or digital terrestrial photogrammetry methods, also called contactless method, are preferred for the generation of the 3D models. In particular, terrestrial photogrammetry has become a popular method since require only photographs for the 3-dimensional drawing, the generation of the dense point cloud using the image matching algorithms and the orthoimage generation as well as its low cost. In this paper, an industrial application of 3D information modelling is presented which concerns the measurement and 3D metric modelling of the ship model. The possible usage of terrestrial photogrammetry in reverse engineering application is investigated based on low cost photogrammetric system. The main aim was the generation of the dense point cloud and 3D line drawing of the ship model by using terrestrial photogrammetry, for the production of the ship in real size as a reverse engineering application. For this purpose, the images were recorded with digital SLR camera and orientations have been performed. Then 3D line drawing operations, point cloud and orthoimage generations have been accomplished by using PhotoModeler software. As a result of the proposed terrestrial photogrammetric steps, 0.5 mm spaced dense point cloud and orthoimage have been generated. The obtained results from experimental study were discussed and possible use of proposed methods was evaluated for reverse engineering application.
Challenges of Semantic 3D City Models
Authors: Billen Roland , Cutting-Decelle Anne-Françoise , Métral Claudine , Falquet Gilles , Zlatanova Sisi , Marina Ognen
Published: October 2016

This technical paper is a contribution to the identification of current challenges of semantic 3D city models. They are presented in four parts, namely 3D enriched city models and their connection with urban information models and smartcities, urban models integration, urban analyses and data. This work is an output of the COST Action TU0801 “Semantic Enrichment of 3D city models for sustainable urban development”.
Efeito de polimorfismos genéticos da ECA e da ACTN3 na capacidade e na incidência de quedas em idosas
Authors: Frattini Isabele Rissatto , Ferrari Gustavo Duarte , Chiaratto Thiago , Ferezin Letícia Perticarrara , Hott Sara Cristina , Bueno Júnior Carlos Roberto
Published: October 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos dos polimorfismos genéticos I/D da enzima conversora de angiotensina (ECA) e R/X da proteína alfa-actinina 3 (ACTN3) na capacidade funcional e na incidência de quedas em idosas. Foram genotipadas 66 idosas e com base nestas características genéticas foram divididas em grupos e submetidas a medidas de estatura, massa corporal, testes de força de preensão manual, sentar e levantar, coordenação, alcance funcional e alcance lateral, além de responderem alguns questionários. Os resultados mostraram que idosas com o genótipo ID no gene da ECA apresentaram melhores resultados de alcance funcional. Em relação aos polimorfismos da ACTN3, a incidência de quedas no grupo XX foi em termos descritivos consideravelmente maior do que a do grupo RR/RX (0,69 versus 0,29 queda em um ano).
A relação dos alunos com os saberes nas aulas de Educação Física
Authors: Santos Wagner Dos , De Paula Sayonara Cunha , Matos Juliana Martins Cassani , Frossard Matheus Lima , Schneider Omar , Ferreira Neto Amarílio
Published: October 2016

A pesquisa objetiva compreender a relação que os alunos estabelecem com os saberes aprendidos na Educação Física escolar e suas implicações para a constituição da especificidade desse componente curricular. Do tipo narrativa, define como colaboradores alunos do 6º e 9º anos do ensino fundamental de uma escola da Prefeitura Municipal de Vitória/Espírito Santo, sendo 30 discentes do 6º ano e 25 do 9º ano. Possui como instrumentos para produção das fontes: desenhos, explicações sobre os desenhos, grupos focais e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Pelo fato de a Educação Física ser uma disciplina que trabalha com as experiências e práticas corporais, os alunos tendem a associar o aprendizado dos conteúdos à ludicidade e ao prazer. Para compreender essa associação, analisam-se os processos de escolarização e a inserção da Educação Física nesse contexto. THE RELATION OF THE STUDENTS WITH KNOWLEDGES IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES The research aims to understand the relation than students establish with the knowledges learned in school physical education and its implications for the constitution of the specificity of this curricular component. Of a narrative type, it defines students as collaborators of 6th and 9th grades of elementary education at a school of the City of Vitória/Espírito Santo, with 30 students in 6th grade and 25 in 9th grade. Features as tools for the production of sources: drawings, explanations of the drawings, focal groups and semi-structured interviews. Because physical education is a discipline that works with the experiences and bodily practices, the students tends to associate the learning content to the ludicity and pleasure. To understand this association, the processes of schooling are analyzed as well as the inclusion of physical education in this context.
Propriedades psicométricas do Questionário de Ambiente de Grupo (QAG) para o contexto do futebol e futsal de alto rendimento
Authors: Nascimento Junior José Roberto Andrade do , Ribeiro Andressa Contreira , Moreira Caio Rosas , Pizzo Gislaine Contessoto , Ribeiro Vandressa Teixeira , Vieira Lenamar Fiorese
Published: October 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi testar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Questionário de Ambiente de Grupo (GEQ) para o contexto do futsal e futebol de alto rendimento. Participaram do estudo 441 atletas do sexo masculino, sendo 140 de futebol e 301 de futsal. A análise dos dados foi conduzida utilizando os testes alfa de Cronbach (α), confiabilidade composta (CC), análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC), variância extraída média e correlação de Spearman. Os resultados evidenciaram que o GEQ apresentou consistência interna satisfatória (α>0,70/CC>0,70). A AFC revelou que o modelo com 16 itens apresentou ajuste adequado para atletas de futebol e futsal e a análise multigrupos apontou invariância parcial (métrica e configuracional) entre jogadores de futebol e futsal. O GEQ apresentou validade externa satisfatória com as dimensões do CART-Q (r>0,50/p<0,05). Concluiu-se que a versão do GEQ para o contexto do futebol e futsal brasileiro de alto rendimento apresentou satisfatória propriedades psicométricas.
Comparação da aptidão física relacionada à saúde e sua associação com o tempo de serviço entre policiais militares de operações especiais e de trânsito
Authors: Domingos-Gomes Jarbas Rállison , Ribeiro Leandro Sávio Oliota , Silva Josivan De Sousa , Melo Amauri Coutinho de , Albuquerque Neto Severino Leão de , Cirilo-Sousa Maria Do Socorro , Aniceto Rodrigo Ramalho
Published: October 2016

O estudo comparou a aptidão física relacionada à saúde (AFRS) entre policiais militares (PM’s) do Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais (BOPE) e do Batalhão de Policiamento de Transito (BPTRAN) da cidade de Patos-PB. A amostra foi composta por 47 PM’s com idade de 26 a 49 anos e tempo de serviço de 3 a 30 anos (BOPE, n= 25; BPTRAN, n= 22). Os PM’s foram submetidos a uma bateria de testes: medidas antropométricas, teste de sentar-e-alcançar no banco de Wells, de abdominal de 1 min, de flexão dos cotovelos e o teste vai-e-vem de 20 m. Constatou-se que o BOPE e o BPTRAN são semelhantes em relação à AFRS, exceto na flexibilidade que foi maior no BOPE (p= 0,026). Em ambos os grupos, o aumento no tempo de serviço resultou na elevação da circunferência de cintura e diminuição da força e RML, bem como diminuição do VO2max apenas no BPTRAN.
A Model of Somatic Hypermutation Targeting in Mice Based on High-Throughput Ig Sequencing Data
Authors: Cui Ang , Di Niro Roberto , Vander Heiden Jason A. , Briggs Adrian W. , Adams Kris , Gilbert Tamara , O’Connor Kevin C. , Vigneault Francois , Shlomchik Mark J. , Kleinstein Steven H.
Published: October 2016

Analyses of somatic hypermutation (SHM) patterns in B cell Ig sequences have important basic science and clinical applications, but they are often confounded by the intrinsic biases of SHM targeting on specific DNA motifs (i.e., hot and cold spots). Modeling these biases has been hindered by the difficulty in identifying mutated Ig sequences in vivo in the absence of selection pressures, which skew the observed mutation patterns. To generate a large number of unselected mutations, we immunized B1-8 H chain transgenic mice with nitrophenyl to stimulate nitrophenyl-specific λ+ germinal center B cells and sequenced the unexpressed κ L chains using next-generation methods. Most of these κ sequences had out-of-frame junctions and were presumably uninfluenced by selection. Despite being nonfunctionally rearranged, they were targeted by SHM and displayed a higher mutation frequency than functional sequences. We used 39,173 mutations to construct a quantitative SHM targeting model. The model showed targeting biases that were consistent with classic hot and cold spots, yet revealed additional highly mutable motifs. We observed comparable targeting for functional and nonfunctional sequences, suggesting similar biological processes operate at both loci. However, we observed species- and chain-specific targeting patterns, demonstrating the need for multiple SHM targeting models. Interestingly, the targeting of C/G bases and the frequency of transition mutations at C/G bases was higher in mice compared with humans, suggesting lower levels of DNA repair activity in mice. Our models of SHM targeting provide insights into the SHM process and support future analyses of mutation patterns.
Pulmonary embolism in old age: usefulness of risk stratification in clinical decision-making
Authors: Bova Carlo , Spagnuolo Vitaliano , Noto Alfonso
Published: October 2016

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common disease with a not negligible short-term risk of death, in particular in the elderly. An adequate evaluation of the prognosis in patients with PE may guide decision-making in terms of the intensity of the initial treatment during the acute phase. Patients with shock or persistent hypotension are at high risk of early mortality and may benefit from immediate reperfusion. Several tools are available to define the short-term prognosis of hemodynamically stable patients. The pulmonary embolism severity index (PESI) score, and the simplified PESI score are particularly useful for identifying patients at low risk of early complications who might be safely treated at home. The identification of patients who are hemodynamically stable at diagnosis but are at a high risk of early complications is more challenging. Current guidelines recommend a multi-parametric prognostic algorithm based on the clinical status, biomarkers and imaging tests. However an aggressive treatment in hemodynamically stable patients is still controversial.
A Comparison of Work Health and Safety Incidents and Injuries in Part-Time and Full-Time Australian Army Personnel
Authors: McDonald Dylan , Orr Robin M. , Pope Rodney
Published: October 2016

Context: Part-time personnel are an integral part of the Australian Army. With operational deployments increasing, it is essential that medical teams identify the patterns of injuries sustained by part-time personnel in order to mitigate the risks of injury and optimize deployability.

Objective: To compare the patterns of reported work health and safety incidents and injuries in part-time and full-time Australian Army personnel.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: The Australian Army.

Patients or Other Participants: Australian Army Reserve and Australian regular Army populations, July 1, 2012, through June 30, 2014.

Main Outcome Measure(s): Proportions of reported work health and safety incidents that resulted in injuries among Army Reserve and regular Army personnel and specifically the (a) body locations affected by incidents, (b) nature of resulting injuries, (c) injury mechanisms, and (d) activities being performed when the incidents occurred.

Results: Over 2 years, 15 065 work health and safety incidents and 11 263 injuries were reported in Army Reserve and regular Army populations combined. In the Army Reserve population, 85% of reported incidents were classified as involving minor personal injuries; 4% involved a serious personal injury. In the regular Army population, 68% of reported incidents involved a minor personal injury; 5% involved a serious personal injury. Substantially lower proportions of Army reservist incidents involved sports, whereas substantially higher proportions were associated with combat training, manual handling, and patrolling when compared with regular Army incidents.

Conclusions: Army reservists had a higher proportion of injuries from Army work-related activities than did regular Army soldiers. Proportions of incidents arising from combat tasks and manual handling were higher in the Army Reserve. Understanding the sources of injuries will allow the medical teams to implement injury-mitigation strategies.
Citrobacter koseri Pneumonia as Initial Presentation of Underlying Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Pennington Kelly , Van Zyl Martin , Escalante Patricio
Published: October 2016

Citrobacter koseri is a motile, gram-negative rod traditionally known to cause infection in individuals with significant comorbidities and immunocompromised status. While most cases represent nosocomial infections, rarely community-acquired infections have been reported. We present a previously healthy man in his 60s with C. koseri pneumonia who was subsequently found to have underlying pulmonary adenocarcinoma, illustrating the need for further investigation for immunodeficiency and/or intrapulmonary pathology.
Vers une économie circulaire... de proximité ? Une spatialité à géométrie variable
Authors: Durand Mathieu , Bahers Jean-Baptiste , Beraud Hélène
Published: October 2016

The proximity principle is one of the main obligations in the European and French regulations regarding waste management. However, this principle isn’t really implemented as it isn’t well defined in the law. Proximity is also linked to the new consensual concept of circular economy, which highlights the local scale (even if the local is not mentioned in its definition). The objective of this text is to understand the implementation of the proximity principle in the concept of circular economy according to the waste recycling chains. The methodology is based on analyzing the urban metabolism for few cities and interviewing stakeholders of waste management.The implementation of proximity is quite complex and affected by the “geometry variable” according to the types of waste. Some of them are managed at local scale such as the putrescible and fermentable waste, the bulky refuse, and final waste. Others are easy to transport (e.g. waste with high value added or hazardous waste). We aim at identifying the criteria which determine these geographical issues. The complexity of Extended Producer Responsibility implementation is one of the key to study the spatial analysis of circular economy. All of these case studies give the opportunity to understand the geographical scale of the circular economy’s implementation.

La prise en compte d’une certaine « proximité » fait partie des principes de base de la gestion des déchets. Pour autant ce principe n’est ni clairement défini dans la loi, ni clairement appliqué. La proximité est par ailleurs liée au concept nouveau d’économie circulaire (qui met en avant le cadre territorial local), sans que celui-ci n’intègre de dimension spatiale dans sa définition. L’objectif de ce texte est de comprendre les modalités de mise en œuvre du principe de proximité de gestion des déchets en fonction des différentes filières de traitement, afin d’interroger sa pénétration du concept d’économie circulaire. La méthodologie développée s’appuie sur l’identification du métabolisme de plusieurs villes françaises, ainsi que sur des entretiens avec les acteurs du domaine.L’application du principe de proximité semble se faire à géométrie variable en fonction des filières. Certaines sont gérées localement, concernant par exemple les déchets pondéreux, putrescibles ou ultimes. D’autres au contraire exportent plus largement leurs déchets (déchets à forte valeur ajoutée ou déchets dangereux). Nous identifierons alors les critères qui façonnent cette lecture en fonction des filières et des acteurs. La structuration de nouvelles filières de Responsabilité Elargie du Producteur vient complexifier cette analyse spatiale. Cette diversité de situations permet d’opérer un regard sur l’échelle de mise en œuvre d’une économie circulaire.
Dosage rapide sur site des sulfates dans les granulats recyclés issus du BTP
Authors: PAULUS Hélène , Jagueneau Myriam , Lafon Romain , Waterblez Olivier
Published: October 2016

In 2012, the sector of building and public works generated nearly 250 million tons of mineral waste. Reuse of these deconstruction materials in roads is subject to compliance with geotechnical and environmental requirements. The latter impose to carry out regular controls of the quality of the material produced, in particular with respect to their content of water soluble sulphate, which may promote detrimental expansions in concrete structures. To simplify these control operations and improve responsiveness on production platforms, the aim of this study was to develop a field method to measure soluble sulphate content in recycled aggregates. The method was performed in laboratory and then on a recycling platform. It is based on a sampling adapted to field conditions and provides an estimate of the sulphate concentration by a visual method using the Visocolor® kit. This work also helped to provide a warning value for materials having a sulphate content higher than the 0.7 % compliance level. But more field data are needed to make this warning value more reliable.

En 2012, le secteur du bâtiment et des travaux publics aura généré près de 250 millions de tonnes de déchets minéraux. La réutilisation de ces matériaux de déconstruction en technique routière est subordonnée au respect de prescriptions géotechniques et environnementales. Ces dernières imposent la réalisation de contrôles réguliers de la qualité des matériaux produits, en particulier de leur teneur en sulfates solubles, ces substances étant susceptibles de provoquer des gonflements préjudiciables pour les structures en béton. Afin de simplifier les opérations de contrôle et gagner en réactivité sur les plateformes de production, l’objectif de cette étude a été de développer une méthode de dosage rapide, sur site, des sulfates solubles dans les granulats recyclés issus du BTP. La méthode a été mise en œuvre en laboratoire puis sur une plateforme de recyclage. Elle repose sur un échantillonnage adapté aux conditions de terrain et permet d’estimer de façon semi-quantitative la concentration en sulfates par une méthode visuelle à l’aide du kit Visocolor®. Ce travail a permis en outre de proposer une valeur d’alerte pour les matériaux susceptibles de présenter une teneur en sulfates supérieure au seuil de conformité de 0,7 %. Cette valeur reste à consolider sur un plus grand nombre d’échantillons.
Le titane dans les sédiments de l'assainissement pluvial urbain : sources, concentrations, mobilités
Authors: Bourdoiseau Julie , Delolme Cécile
Published: October 2016

Titanium is largely used in the urban environment. The purpose of this study is to characterize the titanium geochemical signature in urban stormwater sediments. Firstly, we compared the titanium, iron, silica, copper, zinc and lead content in 800 river sediments collected in Europe with the content of 19 urban sediments collected in stormwater infiltration basins in Lyon. Even if the total titanium content is not higher in urban sediment (mean of 2,7 g/kg) than in river sediments (1,5 à 4,0 g/kg), urban sediments concentrate titanium in comparison to other main minerals like silica and is correlated to heavy metals. Thus, the urban environment produce eroded particles that have a specific geochemical signature. Secondly, the study of the potentiel soluble or colloïdal mobility of titanium in urban sediment through batch experiments shows that titanium has a very low mobility in soluble or colloïdal form (less than 0,005% of the total titanium content). The organic matter present in urban sediment is supposed to play a major role on the limitation of the mobility of colloïdal titanium.

Le titane est un élément très largement utilisé dans les infrastructures urbaines. L’objectif de cette étude est de connaître la signature géochimique du titane dans les sédiments de l’assainissement urbain pour évaluer la capacité de stockage de cet élément dans ces matériaux et évaluer sa mobilité potentielle dans l’environnement. Ce travail est basé dans un premier temps, sur la comparaison des concentrations de titane, fer, silice, plomb, zinc et cuivre dans plus de 800 échantillons de sédiments de rivières européennes et 19 bassins d’infiltration d’eaux pluviales urbaines de Lyon. Même si les concentrations en titane ne sont pas plus élevées dans les sédiments des bassins d’infiltration (moyenne de 2,7 g/kg) que dans les sédiments de rivières européennes (1,5 à 4,0 g/kg), le milieu urbain concentre le titane proportionnellement aux principaux éléments minéraux présents comme le silicium. Le titane est apporté simultanément avec les métaux traces. Ainsi, le milieu urbain génère, par érosion, des particules qui présentent une signature géochimique particulière. Dans un deuxième temps, l’étude de la mobilité potentielle du titane en batchs sous forme soluble et colloïdale dans des sédiments urbains pluviaux, montre que cet élément est très peu mobile (moins de 0,005 % du titane total) même sous forme colloïdale. La quantité de matière organique semble favoriser la limitation de la mobilité du titane colloïdal en suspension.
Does Psychological Safety Impact the Clinical Learning Environment for Resident Physicians? Results From the VA's Learners' Perceptions Survey
Authors: Torralba Karina D. , Loo Lawrence K. , Byrne John M. , Baz Samuel , Cannon Grant W. , Keitz Sheri A. , Wicker Annie B. , Henley Steven S. , Kashner T. Michael
Published: October 2016

Background 

Psychological safety (PS) is the perception that it is safe to take interpersonal risks in the work environment. In teaching hospitals, PS may influence the clinical learning environment for trainees.

Objective 

We assessed whether resident physicians believe they are psychologically safe, and if PS is associated with how they rate satisfaction with their clinical learning experience.

Methods 

Data were extracted from the Learners' Perceptions Survey (LPS) of residents who rotated through a Department of Veterans Affairs health care facility for academic years 2011–2014. Predictors of PS and its association with resident satisfaction were adjusted to account for confounding and response rate biases using generalized linear models.

Results 

The 13 044 respondents who completed the LPS (30% response rate) were comparable to nonpediatric, non–obstetrics-gynecology residents enrolled in US residency programs. Among respondents, 11 599 (89%) agreed that “. . . members of the clinical team of which I was part are able to bring up problems and tough issues.” Residents were more likely to report PS if they were male, were in a less complex clinical facility, in an other medicine or psychiatry specialty, or cared for patients who were aged, had multiple illnesses, or had social supports. Nonpsychiatric residents felt safer when treating patients with no concurrent mental health diagnoses. PS was strongly associated with how residents rated their satisfaction across 4 domains of their clinical learning experience (P < .001).

Conclusions 

PS appears to be an important factor in resident satisfaction across 4 domains that evaluators of graduate medical education programs should consider when assessing clinical learning experiences.
Contextualizing the Physician Charter on Professionalism in Qatar: From Patient Autonomy to Family Autonomy
Authors: Ho Ming-Jung , Alkhal Abdullatif , Tekian Ara , Shih Julie , Shaw Kevin , Wang Chung-Hsiang , Alyafei Khalid , Konopasek Lyuba
Published: October 2016

Background 

The Physician Charter on medical professionalism has been endorsed by professional organizations worldwide, yet it is unclear if this Western framework of professionalism is applicable in non-Western countries.

Objective 

This study examines how physicians practicing in a Middle Eastern context perceive the terms, principles, and commitments outlined in the charter.

Methods 

In May 2013, the authors conducted 6 focus groups with 43 clinician-educators practicing at Hamad Medical Corporation in Doha, Qatar, to discuss the applicability of the Physician Charter in a local context. The research team coded and analyzed transcripts to identify sociocultural influences on professionalism.

Results 

Participants generally expressed agreement with the applicability of the charter's principles to physician professionalism in Qatar. However, 3 contextual factors (religious beliefs and practices, family-centered decision making, and multinationality) complicated the application of the core principles of patient autonomy and social justice. Islamic beliefs reinforced the importance of professional values such as altruism, but presented a barrier to the principle of self-determination for female patients. The family-centered culture in Qatar called for enlarging the scope of patient-centered decision making to include the patient's family. Qatar's multinational population prompted debate over equal treatment and how to conceptualize and implement the principle of social justice.

Conclusions 

Several sociocultural contexts influence the conceptualization of the principles of medical professionalism in Qatar. The findings suggest that contextual factors should be considered when developing or adopting a professionalism framework in an international setting and context.
Mind the Gap: The Prospects of Missing Data
Authors: McConnell Meghan , Sherbino Jonathan , Chan Teresa M.
Published: October 2016

Background 

The increasing use of workplace-based assessments (WBAs) in competency-based medical education has led to large data sets that assess resident performance longitudinally. With large data sets, problems that arise from missing data are increasingly likely.

Objective 

The purpose of this study is to examine (1) whether data are missing at random across various WBAs, and (2) the relationship between resident performance and the proportion of missing data.

Methods 

During 2012–2013, a total of 844 WBAs of CanMEDs Roles were completed for 9 second-year emergency medicine residents. To identify whether missing data were randomly distributed across various WBAs, the total number of missing data points was calculated for each Role. To examine whether the amount of missing data was related to resident performance, 5 faculty members rank-ordered the residents based on performance. A median rank score was calculated for each resident and was correlated with the proportion of missing data.

Results 

More data were missing for Health Advocate and Professional WBAs relative to other competencies (P < .001). Furthermore, resident rankings were not related to the proportion of missing data points (r = 0.29, P > .05).

Conclusions 

The results of the present study illustrate that some CanMEDS Roles are less likely to be assessed than others. At the same time, the amount of missing data did not correlate with resident performance, suggesting lower-performing residents are no more likely to have missing data than their higher-performing peers. This article discusses several approaches to dealing with missing data.
Recent six-year atmospheric CO2 concentration at the summit of Mt.
Fuji observed by a battery-powered CO2 measurement system
Authors: Nomura Shohei , Mukai Hitoshi , Terao Yukio , Machida Toshinobu , Nojiri Yukihiro
Published: October 2016

Abstract. We developed a battery-operated carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement system and successfully observed atmospheric CO2 concentrations at the summit of Mt. Fuji (3776 m a.s.l.) in Japan throughout the year since 2009, in spite of no power supply and severe low temperature over 10 months of a year. The observational results from 2009 to 2015 showed that CO2 concentration at Mt. Fuji in summer and in winter was about 2–10 ppm lower and 2–12 ppm higher than at the Mauna Loa observatory (MLO), respectively. These episodic low concentrations at Mt. Fuji in summer have been cited as evidence that air masses originate from Siberia or China, which are affected by terrestrial CO2 uptakes. The relatively higher concentrations in winter were observed by air masses originated from China or Southeast Asia. The difference in monthly average CO2 concentration between Mt. Fuji and MLO appeared to increase from 2009 to 2015. Interannual variability and growth rate of CO2 concentration were similar both at Mt. Fuji and MLO, 13 ppm increase from 2009 to 2015, but the annual average concentration at Mt. Fuji was about 1 ppm higher than at MLO. Monthly averaged CO2 concentration at Mt. Fuji exceeded 400 ppm in April 2013. Recent CO2 concentration in 2015 at Mt. Fuji was about 62 ppm higher than the previous record measured in 1980. To evaluate a regional representative of our measurement data, CO2 values observed at Mt. Fuji were compared with airborne observations. They showed very good agreement with each other, indicating that Mt. Fuji was a representative site at which to monitor CO2 concentration in the mid-latitude Asian region.
FATES: A Flexible Analysis Toolkit for the Exploration of Single Particle Mass Spectrometer Data
Authors: Sultana Camille M. , Cornwell Gavin , Rodriguez Paul , Prather Kimberly A.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Single particle mass spectrometer (SPMS) analysis of aerosols has become increasingly popular since its invention in the 1990s. Today many iterations of commercial and lab-built SPMS are in use worldwide. However supporting analysis toolkits for these powerful instruments are either outdated, have limited functionality, or are versions that are not available to the scientific community at large. In an effort to advance this field and allow better communication and collaboration between scientists we have developed FATES (Flexible Analysis Toolkit for the Exploration of SPMS data), a MATLAB toolkit easily extensible to an array of SPMS designs and data formats. FATES was developed to minimize the computational demands of working with large datasets while still allowing easy maintenance, modification, and utilization by novice programmers. FATES permits scientists to explore, without constraint, complex SPMS data with simple scripts in a language popular for scientific numerical analysis. In addition FATES contains an array of data visualization GUIs which can aid both novice and expert users in calibration of raw data, exploration of the dependence of mass spectra characteristics on size, time, and peak intensity, as well investigations of clustered data sets.
An On-line Monitor of the Oxidative Capacity of Aerosols (o-MOCA)
Authors: Eiguren-Fernandez Arantzazu , Kreisberg Nathan , Hering Susanne
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The capacity of airborne particulate matter to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been correlated with the generation of oxidative stress both in-vitro and in-vivo. The cellular damage from oxidative stress, and by implication with ROS, is associated with several common diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and some neurological diseases. Yet currently available chemical and in-vitro assays to determine the oxidative capacity of ambient particles require large samples, analysis are typically done offline, and the results are not immediate. In this manuscript we report the development of an on-line monitor of the oxidative capacity of aerosols (o-MOCA) to provide on-line, time-resolved assessment of the capacity of airborne particles to generate ROS. Our approach combines the Liquid Spot Sampler (LSS), which collects particles directly into small volumes of liquid, and a chemical module optimized for on-line measurement of the oxidative capacity of aerosol using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. The LSS uses a three-stage, laminar-flow water condensation approach to enable the collection of particles as small as 5 nm into liquid, without subjecting the sample to temperature extremes. The DTT assay has been improved to allow the on-line, time-resolved analysis of samples collected with the LSS. The o-MOCA was optimized and its performance evaluated using the 9,10-Phenanthraquinone (PQ) as standard redox-active compound. Laboratory testing shows minimum interferences or carry-over between consecutive samples, low blanks, and a reproducible, linear response between the DTT consumption rate (nmol/min) and PQ concentration (µM). The calculated limit of detection for o-MOCA was 0.15 nmol/min. The system was validated with a Diesel Exhaust Particle (DEP) extract, previously characterized and used for the development, improvement, and validation of the standard DTT analysis. The DTT consumption rates (nmol/min) obtained with the o-MOCA were within experimental uncertainties of those previously reported for these DEP samples. In ambient air testing, the fully automated o-MOCA was run unattended for 3 days with 3-h time resolution, and showed a diurnal and daily variability in the measured consumption rates (nmol/min/m3).