bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of the Structures of French and Yoruba Idiomatic Expressions
Authors: Fabiyi Eunice
Published: May 2024

oruba and French languages are so rich in the use of idiomatic expressions which lend themselves easily in the hands of those who know the two languages, through limitless improvisation of idiomatic expressions. In friendly, family and societal conversations, idiomatic expressions occupy a unique place. Their importance cannot be over emphasized as they add beauty to the speeches that employ them and provide knowledge and wisdom for better and clear understanding of the messages being projected. This paper therefore, examines idiomatic expressions in both languages at different fora. The paper hinges on Cognitive Linguistics which claims that idiomatic expression, which is motivated by metaphor, is not merely a figure of speech, but a specific mental and neutral mapping that influences a good deal of how people think, reason and imagine in everyday life. It was complemented with Conceptual Metaphor Theory which postulates that human thought process are largely metaphorical, and human conceptual system is structured and defined in a metaphorical way. The examples of Yoruba idiomatic expressions used in the paper were taken from two authentic Yoruba text books; Yoruba idioms by M.A. Fabunmi and Asayan Akanlo Ede Yoruba by Ademola Olopade while French idiomatic expressions were taken from Dictionnaire Des Expressions Et Locutions, second edition by Allain Ray et Sophie Chantreau. Our findings reveal that, the idiomatic expressions in both languages have similar characteristics, similar functions and at times have mutual equivalence. Also idioms in both languages can have the same word patterns but different lexical items due to different cultures. Keywords: Yoruba, French, idiomatic expressions, cognitive linguistics, conceptual metaphor theory.
A Discourse on Efficacy of Dance Competitions in Television Reality Shows in Nigeria
Authors: Jacob Oluwafemi
Published: May 2024

Dances have been an important aspect of human culture for centuries, with different styles and traditions evolving over time. In recent years, competition dance has become increasingly popular, with dance reality shows such as So You Think You Can Dance, Dancing with the Stars, and World of Dance, Strictly Come Dancing, Maltina Dance All, etc attracting large audiences. These shows feature dancers competing against each other, with the ultimate goal of winning a prize and achieving recognition. Dance reality shows in Nigeria since its inception has been tremendous and dynamic as it concerns both participants (dancers) and audience across the country. It has made significant landmarks and has been able to help participants in diverse ways despite its competitiveness. This act of competition is what makes a Nigerian survive amidst where and what they do in contemporary Nigeria. The study identified diverse styles, techniques, and trends in the dance and examined the efficacy of dance in social-cultural well-being of the society. This research adopted the content analysis approach in its examination of dance the within the context of dance reality shows. It employed the data to analyse the influence of dance reality shows in Nigeria thus far as it will seek to gain insight into dance arts among competing participants, viewers and the wider dance community. The research concludes that change is dynamic and as globalization continues to greet the universe, transformation in all facets of life and society is inevitable and dance as well as dancing is not an exemption. Keywords: Discourse, Nigerian Dance Competitions, Reality Television Shows
Effects of Electricity Demand on Economic Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Osisanwo Bukonla , Babasanya Adeyemi , Ogede Jimoh , Siyanbola Adedamola
Published: May 2024

The study examined the effects of electricity demand on economic growth over a period of year 2000 to 2022. The objective is to examine the extent to which electricity demand has positively impacted the economic growth. The study utilized the covariance, multi-regression error correction model and Durbin-watson test. The study concluded that there is positive impact of electricity demand on economic growth in Nigeria. The results also show long and short run positive and significant correlation between electricity demand and real gross domestic production, electricity access and RGDP, electricity production from oil, gas and coal and RGDP. This study therefore recommends investment at private and public levels should be encouraged to increase electricity supply to meet with the customers’ rising electricity demands. Finally, government should enforce law directing private operators in distribution electricity to provide prepaid metering system to public institutions, private institutions and the remaining households of the country. Keywords: Economic growth, Electric power Consumption, Electricity access, Electricity demand, Electricity production
Repositioning of Tourism and Recreational Industry in Africa: The Case of Shrines and Sacred Places in Nigeria
Authors: Bienose-Osagiede Belinda , Eze Christian , Philip Philip
Published: May 2024

Heritage preservation brings a people’s history and historic places back to their collective consciousness. Countries that have adopted tourism as a means of sustaining their economies understand that their heritage is the very essence and fabric of the people’s existence and identity. It was discovered that despite the importance of this cultural heritage to national economic development and identity preservation, the majority of Africans have abandoned African traditional religion, Shrines have been left to crumble and sacred places destroyed. Many traditional rituals have fallen into disuse and various cult objects and symbols of African traditional religion are being eroded and modified as a result of the onslaught of combined forces of the agents of religious change. The work finds out that traditional shrines and sacred places can act as a hook to attract tourists. Thus, exploring the traditional shrines and sacred places in Nigeria to promote tourism cannot be over-emphasized. This can be envisaged by analyzing its impact in various areas of life. Traditional shrines and sacred places if well preserved can attract visitors to a destination who spend money within the community, enhancing the local economy and supporting the local economy through restaurants, hotels, and other tourism-selected businesses. The high inflow of tourists and day visitors into the community during such occasions contributes immensely to the economic empowerment of people through the injection of tourist expenditure into the community. Keywords: Shrines, Sacred places, tourism and recreational centres
Mentorship, Good Governance and Development in Nigerian Organizations: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Augustus - Daddie Joel , Adamu Isah
Published: May 2024

This paper examines mentorship, Good Governance and Development in Nigerian organizations: A comparative analysis. The paper considers major issues/challenges affecting mentorship, Good Governance and Development in Nigeria Such as unwillingness of modern day Mentors to effectively Coach Mentees for fear of those mentees becoming a threat to them in the near future; Absence of good mentors or scarcity of same as well as the lack of humble and teachable mentees in our society. Mentorship methods were addressed and linked to training which eventually also leads to good governance and development. The paper argues that if good governance must be bequeathed to future generations, then the present generation of leaders must be willing to exercise good mentorship in all ramifications, even in the academia. It was suggested amongst others, that mentorship should be taken seriously especially by lecturers, politicians, and officers in government, to ensure National Development. Keywords: Mentorship, Good Governance, Development, Mentor, Mentee.
Challenges of Local Government Administration on Rural Development in Kaiama Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed Idris , Towoju Adedoyin , Isola Hassan
Published: May 2024

This study is an examination of the impact and challenges of local government administration on rural development in Kaiama Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria. The study relied on both primary and secondary data. 218 questionnaires were received and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science software. Basic needs approach was adopted for this study. Findings from the study showed the majority of the respondents agreed that Kaiama Local Government council has not adequately enthroned development in Kaiama as it has not ensured adequate water supply, the provision of basic health facilities,rural road construction and improvement in other social amenities in the local government. Majority of the respondents also agreed that the failure of leadership at local level affects rural development and that community development is not adequate in the Local Government as a result of corruption and diversion qf projects by local government officials amongst others also hinder development in Kaiama The paper concluded that rural development is largely undermined in Kaiama Local Government and recommended that political appointees and workers in Kaiama must imbibe the culture of leadership by example anchored on selfless service to the people with total commitment and sacrifice. Kaiama Local Government should be more people-centred in approach, such that necessary collaboration or partnership with communities in its domain can facilitate the process of rural development. Both government and non-governmental progremmes on development should be implemented and executed in Kaiama. There should be periodic monitoring of Local Government.projects. Political consideration in the allocation of contracts should be discouraged in Kaiama. Keywords: Kaiama, Local Government, Rural, Development.
Impact of Transformational Leadership Style on Public Sector’s Performance in Nigeria: A Focus on Niger State Ministry of Education
Authors: Yohana Chidawa , Joel Maichibi
Published: May 2024

Leadership is said to be the fulcrum of every organization, Effective leadership style encourages better performance in organization. The Transformational leadership style is adopted to enhance the motivation, morale and job performance of subordinates this is done through a variety of mechanisms in the Ministry of Education Niger State. This study addresses two objectives which includes: impact of transformational leadership style on Job performance in Niger State Ministry of Education and the examination of the extent in which the attitudinal behaviour of the leadership and subjects in the ministry affect the job performance. The study adopted both primary and secondary sources of data collection using questionnaires and interviews to acquire relevant information for the study, secondary data were sourced from print materials to complement the primary data. The findings include, the transformational leadership in Educational Ministry typically perform for distinctive behavior that lead the organization to higher and greater achievement. The behavior is also known as four (I’S), which enable transformational leadership to discharge innovative characteristics for actualization of ministerial objectives. Leaders’ behavior influence followers and inspire them to perform beyond their perceived capabilities while accomplishment of target of the ministry is achieved through collective responsibility and relationship between leadership and subordinate. It was recommended that the modern organization being it public or private should focus and encourage transformational leadership style to ease and enhance positive change in every society, moreover, leaders and subjects in Niger State Education Ministry should work more co-operatively and ensure effective communication and feedback mechanisms in all their dealings while staff promotion in the ministry should base on merit and performance. However, organization that embark on transformational leadership encourage coordination and effective service delivery through dedication and commitment. Keywords: Leadership, Transformation, Ministry, Education
Assessing Nigerian Tertiary Institutions Students' Awareness of Entrepreneurship in Textile Design Education
Authors: Benjamin Emidun , Funke Akinnibosun , Abiodun Adeloye
Published: May 2024

This research investigated the awareness of entrepreneurship in textile design education among students in Nigerian tertiary institutions. The discipline of textile design stands as a significant field where entrepreneurship can foster creativity, economic sustainability, and industry relevance. Employing a survey design approach, the study used questionnaires to assess the extent of students' awareness and their perceptions about entrepreneurship the textile design. The population for this research are textile design students in selected tertiary institutions in Southwest Nigeria. The sample size used is One hundred and forty-three (143). Random sampling technique was used for sampling the students in order to avoid bias in the sampling process. The data collected was analyzed quantitatively through descriptive analysis using frequency, percentage and mean score. The result of the research revealed that students are adequately aware about the entrepreneurial nature of textile design. It was recommended that tertiary institutions should foster collaborations with textile industry stakeholders and also organize workshops, seminars, and guest lectures featuring successful entrepreneurs from the textile industry. It was also recommended that tertiary institutions should engage with alumni who have pursued entrepreneurial paths after graduation. Keywords: Textile design, education, tertiary institution, awareness
British Destruction of Sylvan and Cash Crop Industries in Southern Kaduna-Nigeria, 1900-1960
Authors: Mallam Ibrahim
Published: May 2024

From the onset, British colonialists divided the Northern Nigeria protectorate into a number of economic spheres. These include the export crops producing areas, such as Kano, Sokoto, Katsina, and northern parts of Zaria province. Mineral producing areas were Plateau, Bauchi, etc. Livestock producing areas for hides and skins were such provinces like Borno, Sokoto and Kano. While food and labour reserves stretched to encompass areas such as Benue, Plateau, Southern Kaduna and Niger. These were to serve the colonial infrastructure in building roads, bridges, railway, and towns (like Kaduna). They were also food supplying areas for urban centres, minefields, colonial armies, etc. As the British emphasised food production and labour supply, they did same to the detriment of both sylvan crops and booming indigenous industries in Southern Kaduna. In this development, the worst hit sectors of the economy were the sylvan and cash crops industries.
Drivers of the Transition from Residential to Commercial Land Use in Akure, Nigeria
Authors: Egunleti Ibrahim , Momodu Surajudeen , Arigbede Bunmi
Published: May 2024

This research investigated the factors driving the transition from residential to commercial land use within the central Area of Akure, Nigeria. Data were gathered through structured questionnaires distributed to 220 property owners and tenants in the study zone and 25 active Estate Surveying and Valuation firms in Akure, as identified in the Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers directory for the year 2022. The collected data underwent analysis employing the discriminant function analysis method. The findings from this study pointed to the significant role of property value exploitation (with a standardized canonical discriminant function coefficient of 0.634) as the primary predictor of land use changes. Government policy (-0.630) and considerations of the highest and best use of properties (-0.575) also exhibited notable influences, as indicated by their standardized coefficients in the discriminant function analysis. As a result of these findings, it is recommended that the government capitalizes on the investment potential of this transformation to enhance its internally generated revenue. Additionally, urban planning authorities should devise strategies to regulate and accommodate the expansion of the city's core area. Keywords: Land Use Change, Government Policy, Commercial Land Use, Estate Surveyors and Valuers
An Assessment of Social Well-being of the Elderly in Ovia North-East Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Egharevba Osagie
Published: May 2024

The paper focused on the Assessment of Social Well-being of the Elderly in Ovia North-East Local Government Area Edo State. It specifically examined social supports for the elderly; it accessed how the family members render social supports for the elderly; it accessed the relevance of the informal caregivers to the elderly; it also investigated how neglect affect the well-being of the elderly and examined the causes of neglect of the elderly. It was found that a majority of people have good intention towards the welfare of the elderly. The main source of income and care of the elderly was mainly from their family members. The various forms of informal social support and certain demographic characteristics predicted the wellbeing of the elderly. The elderly would prefer a combination of both formal and informal social support. It is recommended that all stakeholders involved in the welfare of the elderly should deliberately make adequate efforts to adopt a proactive approach rather than reactive approach in the health of the elderly persons. Keywords: Care, Elderly. Support, Welfare, Well-being
Duration of Widowhood and Perceived Social Support as Predictors of Psychological Wellbeing among the Widowed
Authors: Damilep Jonah , Dachalson Edward , Ejikeme Gray
Published: May 2024

The study examined duration of widowhood and perceived social support as predictors of psychological wellbeing among the widowed. A sample of 425 participants drawn for the study with 147 males and 278 females with ages ranging from 20 to 85 years using purposive sampling technique. In the course of this study, three (3) hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Variance. Finding of hypothesis one (1) indicated that duration of widowhood did not significantly predicts the psychological wellbeing of the widowed, means, 13.78 (SE = .29), 14.32 (SE = .90), 17.10 (SE = 1.73), F(2, 413) = 1.912, p = .149. η2 = .009. It means the psychological wellbeing of the widowed cannot be predicted by duration of widowhood. Result of hypothesis two (2) revealed that perceived social support did not significantly predicts the psychological wellbeing of participants, means, 13.88 (SE = 1.10), 16.26 (SE = .73), F(1, 413) = 3.277, p = .071. η2 = .008. Meaning that the psychological wellbeing of the widowed cannot be predicted by perceived social support. Finding of hypothesis three (3) showed a significant interaction effect of widowhood duration and perceived social support on psychological wellbeing of the widowed, means, 13.92 (SE = .45), 13.63 (SE = .37), 11.96 (SE = 1.56), 16.68 (SE = .91), 15.75 (SE = 2.86), 18.46 (SE = 1.95), F(2, 413) = 3.743, p = .024. η2 = .018. This means the psychological wellbeing of the widowed can be predicted by the interaction of widowhood duration and perceived social support. Keywords: Duration of Widowhood, Perceived Social Support, Predictors, Psychological Wellbeing, Widowed.
Gender- Behind-The-Camera: Women’s Career Experiences in Television Stations in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Aweda Kemisola , Amobi Ifeoma , Oloruntola Sunday
Published: May 2024

This study examined the career experiences of women in behind the camera positions in television stations in Lagos State, Nigeria. Anchored on the Hegemony and Patriarchy theories, the study adopted survey, focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview methods for data gathering. Samples for the survey, FGD and in-depth interview comprises 268 respondents, 6 participants each selected from the 6 sampled television stations and 2 participants each selected from the 6 sampled television stations in Lagos state respectively. The questionnaire, structured FGD guide and structured interview guide were used to generate the data used to answer the five research questions guiding the study. Results show that the respondents were more dominated in roles such as producer, reporter and editor, and women also dominate management roles in government owned television stations compared to the private owned television stations. Additionally respondents are perceived to be emotional (38.0%), sensitive (25.4%) and weak (23.9%). Results also shows that respondents are not promoted or appointed to managerial position in television stations based on gender, rather it is based on competence and efficiency. Results also shows that the major challenges facing respondents on their job are; late time closing hours, demands of home and work front, and the job been considered as too tedious/risky. The findings also revealed that these challenges will hinder respondents from attaining their career goals however the major prospect respondents have on the job is to get to the peak of their careers. Consequently, findings support tenets of Hegemony and Patriarchy theories. Keyword: Career experiences; behind the camera positions; television stations, challenges and prospects.
Of Difficult Mothers and Rebellious Daughters: Investigating the Electra Complex in Contemporary Nigerian Feminist Fiction
Authors: Lakanse Obakanse
Published: May 2024

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Sefi Atta and Lola Shoneyin are undoubtedly three of the most celebrated feminist novelists in the contemporary Nigerian literature. These three women-writers have one thing in common – each has written at least a novel in which she employs the usual problematic relations between a mother figure and a daughter as a means of exploring feminism – inflected issues such as identity-construction, subjecthood, and patriarchy, etc. I am making reference to Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun, Atta’s Everything Good Will Come and Shoneyin’s The Secret Lives of Baba Segi’s Wives. These novelists thematize in various ways albeit unconsciously the Electra complex. This paper argues that it seems something of a paradox that these women – novelists in engaging in feminist critiques of patriarchy, should to some extent appear to do so through the agency of the difficult relationship between a mother-figure and a daughter even when no psychological exploration in the delineation of these characters appears to be intended in these novels. The paper aims to draw attention to each of these writers’ representation of certain aspects of the relations between the female protagonist of their respective novels, who appears to embody the novelist’s feminist values, and her parents, especially to the uneasy tensions that seem to exist between them. Keywords: Patriarchy, Feminism, The Electra Complex, The Symbolic Realm, The Unconscious
Socio-Economic Drivers of Climate Change Perception in Metropolitan Cities of Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Tongo Samuel , Dada Olanrewaju , Odunsi Oluwafemi , Oladimeji Sobowale , Uzzi Festus
Published: May 2024

This research used the metropolitan cities of Kano and Lagos in Nigeria to assess socio-economic variables that drive the perception of the two broad classes of climate change beliefs: "climate change is real" and "humans cause climate change." The multistage sampling technique was used to respectively select 134 and 278 respondents across the different neighbourhoods in Kano and Lagos metropolises. Uniformly in Kano and Lagos metropolises, beliefs in climate change reality and the human cause were influenced by residents' age, parental status, and level of education. Anthropogenic climate sceptics were strongly influenced by ethnicity in both Kano and Lagos metropolises. While Muslim-dominated Kano mostly believes climate change is occurring but not caused by human activity, the Christian-dominated Lagos believes in climate change's reality and human cause. The results can assist the government in knowing how to embark on enlightenment and environmental education where all socio-economic status will be captured. Keywords: Climate Change, Perception, Beliefs, Socio-Economics, Ill-health, Nigeria
The Relationship between Employee Satisfaction and Organizational Efficiency: A Case Study of Selected Nigerian Retail Chains
Authors: Odunayo Henry , Abe Israel
Published: May 2024

This study examines the nexus between employee satisfaction and organizational efficiency, with a specific focus on Nigerian retail chains. The objectives of this study are multifaceted. It seeks to measure the influence of employee satisfaction on the operational efficiency of Nigerian retail chains, identify the distinctive factors shaping employee satisfaction within this sector, establish industry-specific performance metrics for evaluating operational efficiency, and provide practical recommendations based on empirical findings to enhance organizational efficiency through improved employee satisfaction strategies. Employing a quantitative research design, this study ensured sample representativeness through a stratified random sampling method facilitated by a structured questionnaire distributed to 109 employees within Nigerian retail chains. This study yields noteworthy findings, affirming a statistically significant positive connection between employee satisfaction and operational efficiency in Nigerian retail chains. This underscores the unique determinants of employee satisfaction within the Nigerian retail landscape and highlights the effectiveness of performance indicators tailored to the industry for evaluating organizational efficiency. Implementing recommendations grounded in empirical evidence promises substantial and measurable enhancements in the efficiency of Nigerian retail chains, emphasizing the practical applicability of this research. The study’s recommendations advocate elevating employee satisfaction through engagement programs, equitable compensation, and proficient communication. Tailoring human resource practices to local contexts, understanding employee needs, and promoting wellness programs are also encouraged. The adoption of industry-specific performance indicators is advised, aligning assessments with the distinctive dynamics of the Nigerian retail sector. Keywords: Efficiency, Employee, Performance, Retail, Satisfaction
Ergonomic Standard Compliance of Nurses in Tertiary Hospitals in Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Obaseki C. , Erhabor N.
Published: May 2024

Healthcare professionals are responsible for many people’s lives. In their daily routines, they care for a number of people and have a lasting impact on patients. Nursing can take a toll on the body and one way to mitigate long-term bodily damage is through an ergonomic friendly work environment. There are many work-related dangers that nurses face on a daily basis. Thus the study assessed the compliance of nurses towards the ergonomics standard in University of Benin Teaching Hospital UBTH, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was used in the study. The study population was all nurses in University of Benin Teaching Hospital and the sample size for the study was One hundred and fifty five (155) respondents selected across ten departments in the tertiary health center. The purposive sampling technique was used to select the participants in the study. After obtaining the informed consent from the subjects, compliance level was assessed by using ergonomic task analysis scale by observation method. The result of the study showed that the subjects had low compliance on the ergonomic standards of healthcare workers (nurses). Also various ergonomic-based risk factors are associated with their work process including awkward postures, high repetition and excessive work durations which are of great concern in this case. Several engineering and administrative-based controls were offered which would help to eliminate/reduce the presence of the ergonomic-based risk factors, improve their compliance to ergonomic standards and thus lower the potential of developing WMSDs among nurses. Keywords: Ergonomics, Nurses, Safety and task analysis
Humanitarian Activities of Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) in Some Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Akinga Anna , Oriaku Bismack
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the humanitarian activities of Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), also known as Doctors Without Borders, in some selected Sub-Saharan African countries; Somalia, Rwanda, Sudan, Liberia and Nigeria. MSF is an international non-governmental organization (NGO) that provides medical assistance to populations affected by crises, including armed conflicts, epidemics, and natural disasters. This paper explores the historical context, principles, and operational strategies of MSF in delivering humanitarian aid. The paper adopted descriptive analytic method and secondary source of data was mostly used in the course of writing this paper. The findings of this paper reveals that the MSF has contributed immensely in providing emergency medical assistance in situations of armed conflicts. The paper also reveals that the MSF also faces some obstacles that impact their ability to deliver medical care to affected communities. Some of the key challenges identified included; insecurity, limited resources and funding among others. The paper therefore recommends that the leadership and members of MSF should endeavour to be as neutral as possible in political and ideological matters because how the organization is viewed would determine whether it will be granted access into troubled areas to carry out its humanitarian objectives. Keywords: Conflict, International Humanitarian Law, Medical Humanitarianism, Medecins Sans Frontieres, Sub-Saharan Africa.
Self-efficacy, Perceived Relational Support and Entrepreneurial Education as Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention among Undergraduates of University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Odedokun Solomon
Published: May 2024

The study investigated the relationship between Self-efficacy, perceived relational support, entrepreneurial education and Entrepreneurial Intention among undergraduates of University of Ibadan.. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design of correlational type. A total of two hundred (200) undergraduates from nine (9) different faculties from University of Ibadan were selected using simple random sampling techniques. Three research questions were raised and answered for the study. Validated and standardized instruments were used to collect the data. Data collected were analysed using the Multiple Regression Analysis and Pearson Product Moment Correlation at 0.05 level of significance. The result showed that self-efficacy (r = .324, p<0.05), perceived relational support (r = .525, p<0.05) and entrepreneurial education(r = .420, p<0.05) positively and significantly correlated with entrepreneurial intention. There was joint contribution of the independent variables (Self-efficacy, Perceived relational support and Entrepreneurial education) to the dependent variable. i.e.(entrepreneurial intention) (F(3,196)= 98.457; p<0.05 and Adjusted R2=.595. It was further revealed that each of the independent variables contributed to the dependent variable in this order: self-efficacy (b=0.231; t = 4.580; p<0.05), perceived relational support (b=0.588; t = 12.5139; p<0.05) and entrepreneurial education (b=-0.629; t = 12.635; p<0.05). Based on the findings, it was recommended that, by fostering self-efficacy skills, strengthening relational support networks, and integrating relevant entrepreneurial education initiatives in the university curriculum, the university can effectively promote entrepreneurial intention among her undergraduates. Keywords: Self-efficacy; Perceived relational support; Entrepreneurial education entrepreneurial intention
Viashiria vya Kujiua: Uchunguzi wa Mhusika Kazimoto katika Riwaya ya Kichwamaji
Authors: Fuluge Adria
Published: May 2024

Wahusika katika kazi za fasihi huumbwa kwa ustadi mkubwa kwa lengo la kubeba tafakuri na fikra za mtunzi kuhusu maisha ya jamii. Katika uumbaji huo, aghalabu, binadamu husawiriwa kama kiumbe anayeteseka na anayeishi katika ulimwengu usiomjali, aliyezungukwa na mateso na ubwege[1], na anayeshindwa kukabiliana vyema na uhalisia wake (Wamitila, 2002). Mambo hayo, ndiyo huweza kusababisha afanye maamuzi fulani kama vile kujiua. Hivi ndivyo anavyofanya Euphrase Kezilahabi katika riwaya ya Kichwamaji (1974) anapomuumba mhusika anayejiua. Hata hivyo, kwa kuwa kujiua huambatana na viashiria mbalimbali, makala haya yanajadili viashiria vya kujiua kwa mhusika mkuu katika riwaya teule tu. Riwaya hiyo imeteuliwa kwa sababu ina mawanda ya kutosha yaliyowezesha kupata data zilizolengwa katika makala haya. Pia, riwaya hiyo imeteuliwa kama sampuli ya kuwakilisha riwaya nyingine zenye viashiria vya kujiua. Misingi ya Nadharia ya Udhanaishi imetumika katika uchunguzi, uchanganuzi na uwasilishaji wa matokeo. Data zilikusanywa kwa kutumia mbinu ya uchambuzi wa matini. Mjadala umebainisha kwamba katika riwaya ya Kichwamaji vipo viashiria vinne vya kujiua vilivyomkumba Kazimoto kabla ya kujiua kwake. Viashiria hivyo ni kukata tamaa, kujitenga kijamii, kuzungumzia masuala ya kujiua na mabadiliko ya tabia. Makala yanahitimisha kwamba jamii inahitaji kupewa elimu ya kutosha kuhusu kujiua kwa wahusika pamoja na viashiria vyake ili iweze kumtambua na kumsaidia mtu mwenye viashiria vya kujiua.
 
[1]Mtazamo wa kidhanaishi unaopinga kuwepo kwa maana na ufahamu katika maisha ya binadamu, kutokana na kukata tamaa na kukosa tumaini la kuishi. Kwa mujibu wa Esslin (2001), ubwege ni hali ya kukosa nia ya kufanya jambo fulani na kutengwa katika imani za kidini, tabia za kiungu na mizizi ya akili na mawazo ya mtu. Hii ina maana kwamba ubwege ni kitendo cha kudadisi hali ya binadamu ya kuendelea kuishi ilhali maisha hayana maana tena.
Digital Financial Bookkeeping Training for MSME Entrepreneurs
Authors: Damayanti Misvia , Putra Purnama , Khoiriyah Ummi , Widyowati Dian Desty
Published: May 2024

The service activity aims to provide outreach, training, and assistance to MSMEs in Sukabungah Village on creating digital financial bookkeeping. Effective bookkeeping is crucial for business progress, enabling MSMEs to track financial flows, income, and profits accurately. Observations reveal that while MSME actors in Sukabungah Village engage in bookkeeping, it is not performed optimally. To address this, the service team implemented a digital bookkeeping training program using the "BukuWarung" application. The program's results demonstrate significant improvements in the financial management and bookkeeping capabilities of MSME actors. Participants reported increased knowledge and understanding of financial transactions within their businesses and the ability to classify these transactions into assets, liabilities, income, and expenses. They learned to execute an entire accounting cycle, including recording financial transactions in journal form, posting to the ledger, preparing trial balances, and generating profit and loss statements and financial position reports. Overall, the training program has enabled MSMEs in Sukabungah Village to manage their finances more effectively, contributing to business progress and enhancing the welfare of both MSME actors and the broader community.
Pengaruh pengetahuan perpajakan, kesadaran wajib pajak dan sanksi pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak dalam membayar Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan di Kecamatan Pulau Batang Dua Kota Ternate
Authors: Malendes Daniel , Sabijono Harijanto , Weku Priscillia
Published: May 2024

Taxes are mandatory contributions to the State owed by individuals or entities that are coercive by law, by not receiving direct compensation and used for the benefit of the State for the greatest possible prosperity of the people. This study aims to analyze the influence of understanding of taxation, awareness of tax payers, and tax sanctions on taxpayer compliance in paying land and building taxes in Pulau Batang Dua sub-district, Ternate city, North Maluku Province. Researchers used a quantitative descriptive technique. The data used in the form of primary data using a questionnaire. The statistical method used is multiple regression analysis. The test results show that partially understanding of taxation has no significant effect on taxpayer compliance, taxpayer awareness has a significant effect on taxpayer compliance, tax sanctions have a significant effect on taxpayer compliance, and simultaneously understanding of taxation, taxpayer awareness, and sanctions taxes have a significant effect on taxpayer compliance.
Preface
Authors: Othman Arsalan
Published: May 2024

The Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining (IBGM) was first issued in April 2005 and published local research, mostly of the Iraq Geological Survey (State company of geological survey and mining at that time) employees’ research. It was aimed at encouraging geologists of the survey to publish the results of the regional geological survey of Iraq, largely archived within their library. Fortunately, after 20 years, the current issue of volume 20 publishes 9 international articles from various institutes and universities, such as Baghdad, Sulaimani, Babylon, and Salahaddin universities from Iraq in addition to Federation University Australia. These articles cover several geological fields, which microfacies analysis, structure geology, seismology, groundwater, industrial geology, petrology, geochemistry, and engineering geology. The Editorial Board of the bulletin hopes that the articles published in the present issue will provide valuable and accurate information for the scientific community in general. I take the opportunity to tell you that the Editorial Board has taken action to improve the template, reference style, way of citation, website, etc. of the bulletin to be ready for the next achievement by indexing the bulletin within the SCOPUS database. It was important to include a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) for each article. Being within the SCOPUS index is a significant step, where almost all the authors prefer such indexed journals.
Microfacies Analysis of the Mishrif Formation (Mid-Cretaceous) at the Tuba and Zubair Oilfields, Southern Iraq
Authors:   Department of Earth Science, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Dawood Ayhem A. , Al-Dulaimi Salam I.M. ,   Department of Earth Science, College of Science, University of Baghdad
Published: May 2024

The Cenomanian-Early Turonian Mishrif Formation, which has been studied in selected Oilfields of Tuba Well (TU-5, TU-24, TU-40) and Zubair Well (ZB-41, ZB-42, and ZB-46), which are located in the Mesopotamian basin, southern Iraq, and considered major carbonate reservoir in Iraq and the Arabian Gulf. Seven microfacies types are identified showing that Mishrif formation deposited in five sedimentary facies: 1. Basin Facies Associations; 2. Deep Marine Facies Associations: Bioclast pelagic foram mudstone-wackestone; 3. Shallow Open Marine Facies Associations: Foraminiferal bioclastic wackestone-packstones; 4. Rudisted Reef Facies Associations; 5. Shoal Facies Associations: Peloidal packstone-grainstone; 6.aBack-shoal Facies Association: a. Foraminiferal-bioclastic wackestone-packstone, b. Rudisted-foraminiferal wackestone-packstone; 7. Lagoon Facies Associations: a. Fossiliferous mudstone-wackestone, b. Bioclast foraminiferal wackestone, c. Benthic foraminiferal wackestone.
Paleostress Analysis Using Fracture Data, a Case Study of Kewa Charmula Anticline, Kurdistan Region, Northeastern Iraq
Authors:   Department of Geology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Majeed Jihad H. , Al-Hakari Salim H. Sulaiman ,   Department of Geology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani
Published: May 2024

Fracture analysis was carried out through three adjacent traverses. The study area is considered a part of the Arabian Plate and geologically falls within the boundary between the Low Folded Zone and the High Folded Zone of the Western Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Five formations are cropped out in this anticline, extending from the Late Oligocene up to the Late Miocene – Pliocene. Those formations are (Anah, Jeribe, Fatha, Injana, and Mukdadiya). In addition, identify an Oligocene unit the Kirkuk Group, represented by the (Anah Fn.) that no other studies have previously referred to, in addition, to observing the Jeribe Formation along Tilyan Gorge. About 350 fracture planes were measured for the study and classified into sets and systems concerning their relations to the three mutually perpendicular geometrical axes (tectonic axes). Tension sets are (ac), which are formed by extension along the fold axis accompanying direct compression perpendicular to the fold trend, whereas the (bc) set is supposed to be the product of relaxation that motivated the primary compressional stress. The shear systems are each of hk0, h0l, and 0kl developed successively during direct compression and subsequent relaxation episodes of each tectonic stress. The results of the paleostress analyses showed that there is a general coincidence in the direction of the major stress axis (σ1) and the minor stress axis (σ3), which were derived from the joints (fracture planes). Joints are presented as sets and systems. The analysis of joint attitudes revealed that the joints might be due to the influence of the main horizontal compression paleostress in the direction NE – SW that is responsible for folding, or they might be caused by the stretching of the outer arc for the folded layers. According to field observations and paleostress studies, the region experienced four stress stages. The first is a main compressive tectonic phase in the NE – SW direction. The second phase is the second compressive tectonic stress in the direction NW – SE. The third was a NE – SW extension tectonic phase that originated during the final uplift stage of folding and it is representative of the major fold trend. The fourth is the NW – SE extension face considered as the extension stress connected to the principal NE – SW compressive stress.
Seismicity and Focal Mechanism Analysis of The Local Earthquakes in the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors:   Department of Geology, College of Science-Sulaimani University, Iraq, Ahmed Omar Qadir , Khawaja Ahmed Muslim Attallah ,   Department of Applied Geology, College of Science- University of Babylon, Iraq
Published: May 2024

During the period of 2020 to May 2022, the Iraqi Kurdistan region experienced several small to moderate size earthquakes. The seismic waveform data of these earthquakes were collected from regional and local broadband seismic stations. Waveform data was analyzed for seventy earthquakes to determine their source parameters, which may contribute to the active tectonics in those areas. Moment tensor inversion is estimated for the detected local earthquakes by analysis of observed seismic waveforms in different selected areas. The waveform inversion determines the seismic moment, depth, and kind of rupturing fault at the source. A grid search is employed as part of the inversion procedure across the strike, dip, and rake angles for each depth between 0.5 and 40 Km in increments of 1 Km. Waveform modeling is used to correlate the observed and created waveforms by applying bandpass filters and a suitable velocity model for Green's function using computer programs in seismology and the ISOLA code" Isolated asperities" for multiple-point source modeling. The results show that the earthquakes with M ≥ 4 have a focal depth ranging between 7 and 20 Km. Furthermore, the regional stresses were identified and the mechanism for the optimum fit was determined. The source mechanisms in the study area are most likely a combination of strike-slip, oblique-slip, and thrust.
Assessment of Groundwater in Erbil Central Basin, N Iraq
Authors:   Department of Earth Sciences and Petroleum, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq, Rasul Awaz K. , Dara Rebwar N. , Hamed Masoud H. , Kareem Sangar k.
Published: May 2024

The present effort is expected to consider the groundwater quality of the Erbil Central Basin. In this study, we compared the physiochemical properties and distribution of major cations and anions in groundwater to evaluate the quality assessment as a special usage (drinking and irrigation) and identify the sources and types of water quality variation and pollution. The mean richness of major cations are Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+, whereas the major anions are HCO3- > SO42- > NO3- > Cl-. The quality of water was evaluated using SAR, sodium (%), PI, TH, MH, PS, and WQI. When the chemical and physical characteristics were compared to Iraqi and public health standards (IQS) for drinking water, it was discovered that the majority of the wells' groundwater during both periods was within the acceptable range, and suitable for all human drinking and domestic purposes except for three wells exceed the maximum permissible limit of NO3-, which are Newroz, Rizgari, and Birayaty, while HCO3ˉ is showed a maximum in Newroz, and in Rizgari well the total hardness (TH) doesn’t lie within recommended standards. The Ca and Mg- Bicarbonate type was the predominant form for the groundwater classified for both seasons, with only one well (Zanko) being Ca- Chloride type for the dry season. The majority of ionic species originated from alkaline earth metals that originate from interactions between weak acidic anions in groundwater and soil or rock. All samples were suitable for drinking water according to the WQI, only the Zanko well had poor water during the dry season.
Assessment of Some Clay Deposits from the Gercus Formation (Middle Eocene) for Brick Manufacturing in the Dokan Area, NE Iraq
Authors:   Geology Department, College of Science, Sulaimania University, Sulaimani, Iraq, Faraj Rezan Q.
Published: May 2024

The objective of this research is to evaluate the suitability of some clay deposits from the Gercus Formation (Middle Eocene) in the Dokan area, Northeastern Iraq for brick manufacturing. Physical properties of the raw material including grain size analysis and Atterberg limits showed that composed mostly of sand and silt with a minor proportion of clay and classified as muddy sand. According to the plasticity chart, the studied sample plotted on the field of silt and organic clay with low plasticity. The geochemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence revealed that composed of a low percentage of silica and alumina and a high percentage of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide. The mineralogical analysis by X-ray diffraction showed that the studied samples were composed of non-clay minerals (dolomite, quartz, hematite, albite, anatase, and orthoclase) and clay mineral (montmorillonite, kaolinite, and illite). Twelve ceramic briquettes were prepared from the clay sample by semi-dry pressing method and pressed by 200 kg/cm² pressure with 14 – 15 % moisture content and fired at 880, 900, and 920 °C for evaluation tests of linear firing shrinkage, apparent porosity, water absorption, bulk density, efflorescence, and compressive strength. Results of physical and mechanical properties of the studied ceramic briquettes compared with the specification of Iraqi standard (1993) for clay brick manufacture, according to this specification the studied sample was not suitable for brick manufacturing due to a high percentage of water absorption and low compressive strength.