bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Choice Context on Consumers’ Preference for GM Orange Juice
Authors: Hu Yang , House Lisa A. , McFadden Brandon R. , Gao Zhifeng
Published: November 2020

The absence or presence of an alternative in a choice set may change the relative preference and predicted market share results. In this study, three groups of experiments are performed to determine if choice context influences consumer preference for orange juice from different countries of origin and using different production methods. Our results show that our participants consider that the importance of country of origin (United States over Brazil) outweighs production method (GM or non‐GM) when they are obliged to trade off between the two attributes among limited options. However, market price for US orange juice might decrease compared to a market with only non‐GM orange juice (from both countries). Our market share projections show that even with decreased willingness to pay, US GM orange juice would still account for the majority of the orange juice market (53%). With unlimited choices (US GM orange juice is added to US and Brazilian non‐GM orange juice), US GM orange juice takes more market share from US non‐GM than Brazilian orange juice. This combination of findings highlights the importance of inclusion or exclusion of alternatives in choice experiments. In both scenarios, having GM orange juice in the market increases the proportion of people who choose not to purchase any juice, possibly indicating an increased distrust due to the introduction of GM technology. Adoption of GM technology in the citrus industry (if found to be a cost effective solution for a very costly disease) would depend on the overall market effects on both supply and demand.
Formation of overwintering aggregation of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in laboratory conditions
Authors: Song Hyunsung , Lee Doo‐Hyung
Published: November 2020

Overwintering aggregations of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in human‐made structures cause nuisance problems and enable this pest to invade new countries. Therefore, understanding the overwintering aggregation behaviors of H. halys would serve as a basis to mitigate these pest problems. In this study, we induced adult H. halys to exhibit overwintering behaviors in laboratory conditions and assessed how this pest responded to a potential overwintering structure and settled in the structure over 24 hours. A potential overwintering micro‐habitat was provided to H. halys in reproductive diapause by establishing a 5‐mm gap between two acrylic panels facing each other. This experimental arena was kept in a cage at 11°C, 12:12 (L:D), and 30% relative humidity (RH). A total of 50 adults (sex ratio = 1:1) was released into the cage for each replication. First, more females than males crawled into the 5‐mm gap and settled in the experimental arena: the proportion of females having settled in the arena was 68.64 ± 3.03%. Second, when H. halys were settling in the arena, they did not significantly synchronize their dorsal or ventral side directions with other individuals. Third, H. halys tended to settle in the lower section of the experimental arena. Finally, 69.1 ± 3.9% of overwintering H. halys were found to settle solitarily, not touching other individuals in the experimental arena. Further studies are warranted to validate our results in semi‐field conditions in which more H. halys are released and monitored for longer times.
Risk of hepatitis B reactivation in patients receiving anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐α therapy
Authors: Fidan Sami , Capkın Erhan , Arıca Deniz Aksu , Durak Serdar , Okatan Ilyas Ercan
Published: November 2020

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening rates in patients receiving anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α therapy and the frequency of HBV reactivation in patients with resolved hepatitis B virus infection (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] negative, hepatitis B core antibody [Anti‐HBc] positive).

Patients and methods

Data from 1834 patients who underwent anti‐TNF‐α therapy in the Rheumatology, Gastroenterology and Dermatology Departments of our hospital between 2010 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Within 6 months before the initial anti‐TNF‐α therapy, performing a HBsAg and/or anti‐HBc test is defined as HBV screening. HBV reactivation is defined as the presence of detectable serum HBV DNA or HBsAg seroconversion from negative to positive.

Results

The overall HBV screening rate was 82.3% before starting anti‐TNF‐α therapy. There was an increasing trend in HBV screening rates during the years analyzed (64% in 2010, 87.4% in 2019) (P < .001). Before anti‐TNF‐α therapy was initiated, 272 patients were HBsAg negative and anti‐HBc positive. Among these patients, HBV reactivation did not occur in 31 patients who received antiviral prophylaxis, whereas HBV reactivation occurred in only 1 (0.4%) of the 241 patients who did not receive antiviral prophylaxis.

Conclusion

Hepatitis B virus screening rates prior to starting anti‐TNF‐α therapy were relatively high, and its trend was increased by year. HBV reactivation because of anti‐TNF‐α use rarely occurred in patients with resolved HBV infection. Further studies are needed on whether routine anti‐HBc screening and/or HBV DNA follow‐up are necessary in these patients aside from HBsAg.
Telephone‐ and Text Message–Based Continuing Care After Residential Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Multicenter Study
Authors: Graser Yolanda , Stutz Sonja , Rösner Susanne , Moggi Franz , Soravia Leila M.
Published: November 2020

Background

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by extremely high rates of postresidential treatment relapse, and as such, continuing care to prevent relapse has become an important element in AUD treatment. In this regard, research has yielded heterogeneous evidence on telephone‐based (TEL) and text message–based (TEX) continuing care. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of TEL and TEX continuing care provided in different frequencies by psychotherapists for patients from residential treatments in mitigating the occurrence of posttreatment relapse in patients who completed a 12‐week abstinence‐oriented residential treatment program for AUD.

Methods

A total of 240 patients from 2 residential treatment programs for AUD were included in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to high‐ (10 contacts) or low‐frequency (3 contacts) TEL, TEX (10 contacts) continuing care, or control group (1 contact) from discharge to 6‐month follow‐up. The TEL was intended to be supportive and consisted of several cognitive behavioral therapy components, whereas the TEX was based on behavioral self‐monitoring techniques and additional calls in case of relapse or as needed. Sociodemographic, clinical, and alcohol‐specific variables at residential treatment discharge and at 5‐month follow‐up were assessed through interviews and questionnaires.

Results

Compared with the control group, patients in the high‐frequency TEL were significantly more likely to be abstinent at 6‐month follow‐up and, in case of relapse, showed a tendency toward a longer time to first drink. Moreover, the high‐frequency TEL and TEX groups had significantly higher alcohol‐related self‐efficacy 6 months after residential treatment.

Conclusion

High‐frequency proactive telephone contact by psychotherapists known to the patient may help patients to surmount the vulnerable phase after residential treatment and, in case of relapse, might help patients stay connected to health services, which in turn prevents chronification and facilitates recovery from AUD.
The coronal aorto‐mesenteric orientation theory for post‐operative nausea and vomiting following scoliosis surgery in children: a pilot study
Authors: Dounas George D. , Cundy Thomas P. , Smith Michael L. , Gent Roger , Antoniou Georgia , Sutherland Leanne M. , Cundy Peter J.
Published: November 2020

Background

Post‐operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is often encountered following corrective scoliosis surgery in children, frequently attributed to high‐dose opiate administration. PONV is a frequent cause of prolonged hospital stay. Mechanisms related to transient partial duodenal compression by narrow angulation of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and aorta following scoliosis surgery are poorly understood and might be implicated in PONV. This study investigates relationships between biomechanical anatomic variations of the SMA and aorta, and its relationship with clinically significant PONV following scoliosis surgery in children.

Methods

Children undergoing elective spinal arthrodesis for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were assessed by preoperative abdominal ultrasound and spinal X‐ray prior to surgery. Post‐operative assessment of clinically significant PONV is compared to preoperative imaging and clinical variables.

Results

Thirteen patients (11 female and two male), with a mean age of 14 years and 1 month were included. Five patients (38.5%) developed clinically significant PONV. A significant association was observed between the coronal aorto‐mesenteric orientation and PONV (P = 0.035). Of the five patients who developed PONV, two had direct coronal angulation of the SMA, one had left angulation and two had right angulation. Patients with significant PONV had narrower aorto‐mesenteric distances which approached significance (P = 0.06). No other preoperative variable reached significance.

Conclusion

Patients with coronal aorto‐mesenteric orientation preoperatively appear at greater risk of developing significant PONV following scoliosis surgery, independent of opiate requirements, prompting consideration of transient partial duodenal obstruction as an important factor in the mechanisms of PONV. A coronal aorto‐mesenteric orientation theory (CAMOT) is proposed to explain this biomechanical vascular ‘scissor’.
Indonesian Living Standards over 50 Years: A Multidimensional Analysis
Authors: Hill Hal
Published: November 2020

There is a continuing debate on the measurement of living standards, especially in developing countries. The proliferation of social indicators in recent decades, motivated by both philosophical and pragmatic empirical considerations, has been illuminating. However, it has also led to some confusion: which indicator or set of indicators should be used? The most widely used indicator continues to be headcount poverty, or some refined variant of it. However, what of the many other indicators and, importantly, do they portray a similar picture? We illustrate these issues with reference to the Indonesian experience over several decades. Indonesia has experienced moderately fast economic growth since the late 1960s and, as a consequence, headcount poverty has fallen rapidly. Most other social indicators have also improved. However, the rate of progress has varied, from similarly rapid improvement to stagnation and in one instance, environmental amenities, to regression.
Traversing the food‐biodiversity nexus towards coexistence by manipulating social–ecological system parameters
Authors: Crespin Silvio J. , Simonetti Javier A.
Published: November 2020

Agroecological landscapes have the potential to simultaneously meet food security and biodiversity conservation goals but are hindered by emerging biodiversity conflicts. Here, we opt to view the social–ecological factors that decrease biodiversity impacts or increase tolerance of biodiversity in agroecological landscapes as system parameters for their potential capacity to move a social–ecological system from states of conflict to alternative desired system states devoid of major losses for both food security and biodiversity, that is landscapes of coexistence. We discuss how reframing landscapes as social–ecological systems allows focusing on manageable components, or coexistence parameters, that explain biodiversity impacts and are hence capable of dampening conflicts. Approaches from the social, economic, or ecological sciences allow for the formulation of management strategies tailor‐made for each system, with a higher chance of success than one‐size‐fits‐all strategies. Conceptually recognizing coexistence parameters may enable easier assessment of a landscape's current state and identification of the required actions needed to transition towards a state of coexistence.
Is family therapy effective for people with autism spectrum disorder and their families? A Cochrane Review summary with commentary
Authors: Patrini Michele
Published: November 2020

Video Podcast: https://youtu.be/zO11bwRk4Cg
Molecular analyses reveal consistent food web structure with elevation in rainforestDrosophila– parasitoid communities
Authors: Jeffs Christopher T. , Terry J. Christopher D. , Higgie Megan , Jandová Anna , Konvičková Hana , Brown Joel J. , Lue Chia Hua , Schiffer Michele , O'Brien Eleanor K. , Bridle Jon , Hrček Jan , Lewis Owen T.
Published: November 2020

The analysis of interaction networks across spatial environmental gradients is a powerful approach to investigate the responses of communities to global change. Using a combination of DNA metabarcoding and traditional molecular methods we built bipartiteDrosophila– parasitoid food webs from six Australian rainforest sites across gradients spanning 850 m in elevation and 5°C in mean temperature. Our cost‐effective hierarchical approach to network reconstruction separated the determination of host frequencies from the detection and quantification of interactions. The food webs comprised 5–9 host and 5–11 parasitoid species at each site, and showed a lower incidence of parasitism at high elevation. Despite considerable turnover in the relative abundance of hostDrosophilaspecies, and contrary to some previous results, we did not detect significant changes to fundamental metrics of network structure including nestedness and specialisation with elevation. Advances in community ecology depend on data from a combination of methodological approaches. It is therefore especially valuable to develop model study systems for sets of closely‐interacting species that are diverse enough to be representative, yet still amenable to field and laboratory experiments.
Host selection is not expressed for underground hosts in a pupal parasitoid
Authors: Okuyama Toshinori
Published: November 2020

Host–parasitoid dynamics is critically influenced by variability in parasitism risk among hosts, and the host preference of the parasitoid is one of the factors causing such variability. This study examined the host preferences of the pupal parasitoid Dirhinus giffardii (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) on pupae of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the laboratory. Dirhinus giffardii prefers large hosts and avoids hosts nearing eclosion when hosts are exposed to the parasitoid. This study reexamined the preferences when host pupae are in the soil (simulated by peat moss) because tephritid hosts, including B. dorsalis, pupate in the soil. Results showed that D. giffardii preferentially parasitized large hosts when hosts were exposed, but host size‐dependent parasitism was absent when hosts were in the soil. Preference on host age was absent even when hosts were exposed, contradicting the results of previous studies. The discrepancy was examined by performing a follow‐up experiment to test the hypothesis that D. giffardii cannot distinguish host age, but eggs that are laid on older hosts cannot develop successfully. The parasitoid successfully hatched regardless of host age, and the hypothesis was rejected. Potential explanations for the discrepancy are discussed.
Comparing the motivational value of rewards and losses in an EEG‐pupillometry study
Authors: Carsten Thomas , Kostandyan Mariam , Boehler C. Nico , Krebs Ruth M.
Published: November 2020

We found earlier that performance‐contingent rewards lead to faster performance than equivalent losses [Carsten, Hoofs, Boehler, & Krebs, 2019. Motivation Science, 5(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000117]. Here, we further tested the hypothesis that motivation to gain rewards is higher than to avoid losses, even when incentive values are matched. As implicit markers of motivation, we assessed electroencephalography (EEG) focusing on the P3 after target and feedback onset, and the Feedback‐Related Negativity (FRN), as well as simultaneously recorded pupil size. Comparing only reward and loss prospect trials in Experiment 1, we found no consistent differences in behavior and electrophysiological markers of motivation, although pupil data suggested higher arousal after feedback in potential‐loss trials. Including additional no‐incentive trials in Experiment 2, we found consistent evidence that motivation to gain rewards was higher than to avoid losses: In line with behavior, the target‐P3 was most pronounced for reward‐related stimuli, followed by loss and no‐incentive ones. This same ranking was found in the P3 and the FRN after positive outcomes (i.e., reward, avoided loss, and correct feedback in no‐incentive trials). Negative outcomes featured a different pattern in line with the pupil response, which suggests that losses are emotionally salient events, without invigorating behavior proportionally. In sum, these findings suggest that the motivation to gain rewards is more pronounced than motivation to avoid equivalent losses, at least in tasks promoting transient increases in attention triggered by incentive prospect. These motivational differences may arise as avoided losses are not profitable in the long term, in contrast to gained rewards.
Atypical thymoma in a horse: Diagnostic approach and application of an alternative histological classification system
Authors: Pudert T. , Weyrich A. , Geburek F. , Herden C. , Röcken M.
Published: November 2020

Thymoma is a rare condition in horses. This case of a 24‐year‐old Warmblood gelding that was presented with oedema and signs of vascular congestion of the left forelimb caused by a thoracic mass is described. The diagnostic work‐up included blood chemistry, cytology of pleural effusion, ultrasonography, radiography and the visualisation and collection of a tissue sample by thoracoscopy. Finally, post‐mortem findings and histopathology revealed thymic epithelial neoplasia with histomorphologic features previously unreported in horses. The unique mixture of spindle‐shaped and epithelioid tumour cells in combination with clear features of malignancy suggested the application of the Moran and Suster histological classification system for thymomas in humans (Moran and Suster, 2008,Curr. Treat. Options Oncol., 9, 288), which has not been reported in an equine case before and fits well to the present case.
Masticatory ability in older individuals: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Elgestad Stjernfeldt Per , Faxén‐Irving Gerd , Wårdh Inger
Published: November 2020

Aim

To explore older individuals’ experienced masticatory ability and the impact of masticatory ability in daily life.

Material and methods

This study applied an open‐ended exploratory approach using inductive reasoning. The design was inspired by the qualitative method grounded theory. The final sample consisted of twelve older participants. Seven were men, and five were women. The interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. The interviewer successively read the transcribed data and analysed the material in cooperation with the authors.

Results

Three categories developed from the data; Deteriorating oral health and functional loss, Eating habits, Prosthetic rehabilitation and function. A core category named Adaptation emerged. Adaptation describes how individuals successfully could adapt to a decreased function and in spite of this develop a positive view of their masticatory ability.

Discussion

The participants described an experience of gradually deteriorating oral function that had affected their masticatory ability. By adapting to this functional degradation, some of the participants overcame the functional deficiencies. Most participants perceived their masticatory ability to be good, even though their ability to process some food types was described as inadequate.

Conclusion

The participants had experienced deteriorating oral health and function throughout life, and they overcame this through adaptation by adjusting their eating habits. Even though prosthetic treatment might be considered successful by the participant, this does not necessarily improve dietary habits. Future research should therefore focus on how dental treatment can be combined with other interventions, such as dietary counselling and physiotherapy to recover physiological function.
Happy neighborhoods: Investigating neighborhood conditions and sentiments of a shrinking city with Twitter data
Authors: Park Yunmi , Kim Minju , Seong Kijin
Published: November 2020

Planning interventions have been applied to improve the well‐being, hereafter happiness, of residents. The happiness in shrinking cities, in particular, becomes more critical since urban decline tends to induce an unequal and uneven distribution of care under a limited budget and human resources. Using geo‐tagged Twitter, census, and geospatial data on Detroit, Michigan, which is one of the well‐known shrinking cities in the U.S., the spatial distribution of sentiments, topics of tweets appeared, and the association between neighborhood conditions and the level of happiness were examined. The outcomes indicate that people in Detroit are posting happy tweets more than negative tweets. The downtown area holds both positive and negative hotspots, which are clustered around sports arenas and bars, respectively. Neighborhoods with young and well‐educated residents, situated close to amenities (i.e., recreation facilities, colleges, and commercial areas), and less crime tend to be happier. The use of SNS data could serve as a meaningful social listening tool to reconcile the declining urban vitality of neighborhoods since people interact with those spaces. Negative sentiments are attached to specific neighborhoods with certain conditions so that regeneration efforts should take place in neighborhoods with a higher priority.
β‐Hemoglobinopathies in the Lao People's Democratic Republic: Molecular diagnostics and implication for a prevention and control program
Authors: Singha Kritsada , Chaibunruang Attawut , Souvanlasy Bounpalisone , Srivorakun Hataichanok , Yamsri Supawadee , Fucharoen Goonnapa , Fucharoen Supan
Published: November 2020

Introduction

A high frequency of β‐thalassemia in Lao People's Democratic Republic necessitates the importance of complete molecular data before a prevention and control program could be established. Limited data are available for Lao PDR. We have now reported an extended information on the molecular basis of β‐hemoglobinopathies in this population.

Methods

The study was done on 519 unrelated Laos subjects requested for thalassemia investigation. Hematological data were recorded. Hb profiles were obtained using a capillary electrophoresis system. α‐And β‐globin genotyping was performed using PCR and related techniques.

Results

Among the 519 subjects, 287 (55.3%) were found to carry β‐hemoglobinopathies based on Hb and DNA analyses. These included Hb E carriers (n = 135), homozygous Hb E (n = 47), β‐thalassemia carriers (n = 70), Hb E‐β‐thalassemia (n = 25), homozygous β‐thalassemia (n = 4), heterozygous δβ0‐thalassemia (n = 2), and carriers of the β‐Hb variant (n = 3). Mutation analysis identified in addition to the Hb E, 8 different β‐thalassemia mutations including codon 17 (A‐T), codons 41/42 (‐TTCT), NT‐28 (A‐G), codons 71/72 (+A), IVS1‐1 (G‐T), 3.4 kb deletion, an initiation codon (T‐G) and IVS2‐654 (C‐T). Two δβ0‐thalassemia carriers (12.6 kb deletion) and three subjects with Hb Hope (β136GGT‐GAT) were identified. Hematological features associated with these β‐hemoglobinopathies were presented.

Conclusion

β‐hemoglobinopathies in the Laos population is heterogeneous. This information is relevant for setting up a molecular diagnostics and can provide a basis for genetic counseling and enable prenatal diagnosis.
It’s time to think about circadian rhythms
Authors: Milling Simon
Published: November 2020

We here introduce a Review Series focussing on the important influences circadian rhythms have on immune responses. The three reviews in this series, expertly curated by Rachel Edgar, discuss how the cyclic oscillations in our cellular clock affect the innate and adaptive immune response, and how interactions with the intestinal microbiota, themselves subject to daily oscillations, also influence immune responses. As we understand more about these mechanisms, by which chronobiology contributes to immunology, it is becoming increasingly clear that they have important functions in maintaining health, influence autoimmunity and may contribute to the effectiveness of vaccinations.
Indigenous Peoples of Indo‐Myanmar
Authors: Longkumer Atola
Published: November 2020

Drawing from the Indigenous Christian communities of the Indo‐Myanmar region of India, this article discusses the theme of reconciliation as a mission paradigm. Sketching some cultural contours of communities to illustrate the role of the historical encounter and experience of Christian mission in consolidating modern ethnic identity, the paper points out some vestiges of the culture. Despite the embrace of Christianity and the immense changes to the communities initiated, observation reveals practices of contradictions, latent tensions, resistance to the “other,” and sporadic conflicts. The paper therefore argues that the historical experience of reconciliation among the different Indigenous groups needs to continue in constructing an inclusive society of Indigenous Christians. The article discusses including women and other excluded members, overcoming cultural practices, and transforming resistance to the “other” as markers of inclusive community. In developing the argument from a local context, it reiterates the centrality of reconciliation and inclusive community in the experience of Christian mission. To be disciples of Christ is to belong together, and belonging together requires “mutual enfolding” to a new social kinship – the kingdom of God. In conclusion, some recommendations for a mission of reconciliation from Indigenous Christian communities are listed in the hope that reconciliation as mission is sustained by a vision of a healed and just world.
Mission for/as Reconciliatory Emancipation
Authors: Samuel Joshua
Published: November 2020

Since Christian mission in the way of Jesus Christ is best understood and experienced in the fringes of the society, it is imperative that we listen to and learn from marginalized voices. Keeping this in mind, this article looks at the relevance of the theology of mission of the Dalit theologian and activist Masilamani Azariah, who served as a Bishop of the Church of South India in the 1990s. It seeks to highlight his pioneering work, which was discomforting for some dominant caste Indian Christians, in challenging the Indian church as well as the global ecumenical movement to speak up and act against untouchability and caste discrimination. Using Azariah's radical perspectives of mission as a lens, and employing the framework of reconciliatory emancipation, a theological concept explicated by the American political theologian Mark Taylor, this essay proposes that the mission of the church that endeavours to be holistic and Christ‐centred would and should be committed to the empowerment and healing of the oppressed, driven by a burning prophetic rage against injustice, even while retaining the space for forgiveness and repentance, with the ultimate goal of building the kingdom of God that transcends divisive and discriminating boundaries.
Charles F. Mackenzie and Early Colonial Racism
Authors: Carleton Houston Peter
Published: November 2020

Archdeacon Charles F. Mackenzie ministered in the diocese of Natal in South Africa from 1855 to 1859. The early days of the diocese and the colony of Natal were characterized by conflict both inside and outside the church. The church conflict of Bishop John Colenso is perhaps most infamous. Mackenzie attempted to navigate this space and minister to settlers, soldiers, and Africans alike. This article draws on primary sources to explore the life and times of Mackenzie and argues that despite Mackenzie's remarkable story, the inseparability of coloniality from the missionary endeavour, racism, and the civilizing narrative was inescapable. Racism has evolved and is still a challenge for many churches.
Current art of combination therapy with autologous platelet‐rich plasma for stable vitiligo: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Jianguo , Wan Yingying , Lin Yan , Jiang Haiyue
Published: November 2020

Presently, there is an explosion in various uses of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP). Several trials comparing combination therapy with PRP vs monotherapy for vitiligo have been published. However, evidence‐based information is not enough for making well‐informed decisions. This study aimed to evaluate several combination therapy strategies for vitiligo. EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify randomised controlled trials comparing combination therapy with PRP vs monotherapy for vitiligo. Eleven studies with 670 cases were included. Compared with monotherapy, clinical improvement of repigmentation was significantly higher in 308‐nm excimer laser combined with PRP (odds rate for response rate of 50%‐100% repigmentation, 4.47; 95% CI, 2.47‐8.10; P < .00001) and in fractional carbon dioxide laser combined with PRP (mean difference for mean improvement grades of repigmentation, 1.61; 95% CI, 0.24‐2.99; P = .02), respectively. Compared to monotherapy, there is no higher clinical improvement in strategies of PRP combined with narrowband‐ultraviolet B or non‐cultured epidermal cell suspension. Trivial adverse events were reported. This meta‐analysis summarises current evidence that PRP combined with 308‐nm excimer laser or fractional carbon dioxide laser is effective and safe for vitiligo. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of several combination therapy strategies with PRP in the treatment of vitiligo. The response rate of repigmentation and mean improvement grades of repigmentation were mainly used for qualitative assessment. PRP combined with 308‐nm excimer laser or fractional carbon dioxide laser is effective and safe for vitiligo due to its healing and regenerative properties.
Effect of deficit irrigation scheduling and planting pattern on leaf water status and radiation use efficiency of winter wheat
Authors: Zhou Xun Bo , Yang Li , Wang Guo Yun , Zhao Yun Xiong , Wu Hai Yan
Published: November 2020

Drought and water shortages have always been great challenges for agricultural production in the North China Plain. To explore appropriate irrigation regimes and planting patterns in this area, a field experiment was conducted for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from 2014 to 2016. Three irrigation treatments of 50 mm irrigation at growth stage of jointing (GS34) and heading (GS48, W1), 100 mm irrigation at GS34 (W2) and 100 mm irrigation at GS34 and GS48 (W3) combined with uniform (U), double–double (DD) and furrow‐ridge (F) planting patterns were designed. The tillers number, leaf water status, spike characteristics and radiation use efficiency (RUE) were measured. Results showed that compared with W2, W3 significantly reduced leaf abscisic acid (ABA) content and increased tillers number, spikelets spike−1, yield components and RUE, while W1 produced more tillers number, leaf relative water content (LRWC) and water potential (Lψ) only in the late growth stage, yield components and RUE. The DD significantly increased tillers number, LRWC, Lψ, leaf osmotic potential, spike length, spikes m−2, grains spike−1 and RUE, and reduced the ABA content compared with U. Considering the serious water shortage in the North China Plain, 50 mm irrigation at jointing and heading stages combined with DD is a worthy cultivation measure for sustainable agriculture at water‐deficit condition.
Nurses’ knowledge, skills and personal attributes for competent health education practice: An instrument development and psychometric validation study
Authors: Pueyo‐Garrigues María , Pardavila‐Belio Miren Idoia , Whitehead Dean , Esandi Nuria , Canga‐Armayor Ana , Elosua Paula , Canga‐Armayor Navidad
Published: November 2020

Aim

To develop and psychometrically test the Nurse Health Education Competence Instrument for assessing nurses’ knowledge, skills and personal attributes concerning competent health education practice.

Design

A psychometric instrument development and validation study.

Methods

A four‐step approach was used: Step 1) operational definition based on an up‐to‐date concept analysis and experts’ judgement; step 2) item generation and content validation by expert panel and target population; step 3) item analysis based on acceptability, internal consistency and face validity; and step 4) psychometric evaluation based on construct validity, criterion validity, internal consistency and stability, conducted from January ‐February 2019 with 458 hospital‐care nurses.

Results

The operational framework and expert groups showed good content validity, resulting in the first version. From the initial 88‐item pool, 58 items were retained after item analysis. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three scales concerning the cognitive (three‐factor solution with 23 items), psychomotor (two‐factor solution with 26 items) and affective‐attitudinal (one‐factor solution with nine items) competency domains, which respectively accounted for 58%, 53% and 54% of the variance. Known‐group study demonstrated significant differences by years working in the service and training received in health education, providing evidence for the measure's sensitivity. The three scales correlated positively with the criterion variable. Overall Cronbach alphas for the cognitive, psychomotor and affective‐attitudinal scales were 0.95, 0.95 and 0.90, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients were >0.70.

Conclusions

The newly developed Nurse Health Education Competence Instrument is an original and tested self‐reporting psychometric tool, being the first to identify nurses’ knowledge, skills and attributes necessary for planning and assessing health education practice competency.

Impact

The instrument permits measurable insights into nurses’ perceptions regarding their health education competence and related educational needs. This study provides a valid and specific learning tool that is appropriate to use both in clinical practice and in nursing education programmes.
The nurse in the mirror: Image of the female nurse during the Italian fascist period
Authors: Piervisani Loredana , Palombo Antonella , Albanesi Beatrice , Rocco Gennaro , Stasi Serenella , Vellone Ercole , Alvaro Rosaria
Published: November 2020

Aims

To describe the image of the female Licensed Nurse in Italy as promoted by the Fascist party from 1939–1943 and to understand how gender stereotypes influenced the construction of this image.

Design

Mixed methods design.

Method

The study started in 2016 and ended in 2019. In the qualitative phase, the primary source was analysis, following Chabod's historical method (2012), while the quantitative phase involved statistical analysis of textual data.

Data sources

All data came from the only nursing category magazine of the time: ‘L'Infermiera Italiana’ (The Italian Nurse), published from 1939–1943.

Results

From 112 articles analysed, the gradual elevation of the nurse emerged, including the partial replacement of ‘old’ nurses with Graduate Nurses. The analysis shows the maturation in structure, differentiation and specification, together with the birth of a new professional image. The accepted image of the nurse was now a woman of high moral character with religious ideals, but less known for her technical skills, an exception being the Visiting Health Assistant who functioned at a high level in the society.

Conclusions

The study shows an articulated, congruent and cohesive set of dimensions through which to review history and to understand the dynamics underlying the structuring of the nurse's professional image.

Impact

A better understanding of the dynamics behind the development of the professional image will guide present and future actions on gender stereotypes and their negative effects on the safety and quality of nursing care. International synergies and alliances are required.
Professional judgement in clinical practice (part 2): knowledge into practice
Authors: Mugerauer Robert
Published: November 2020

Rationale, Aims, and Objectives

Though strong evidence‐based medicine is assertive in its claims, an insufficient theoretical basis and patchwork of arguments provide a good case that rather than introducing a new paradigm, EBM is resisting a shift to actually revolutionary complexity theory and other emergent approaches. This refusal to pass beyond discredited positivism is manifest in strong EBM's unsuccessful attempts to continually modify its already inadequate previous modifications, as did the defenders of the Ptolemaic astronomical model who increased the number of circular epicycles until the entire epicycle‐deferent system proved untenable.

Methods

Narrative Review.

Results

The analysis in Part 1 of this three part series showed epistemological confusion as strong EBM plays the discredited positivistic tradition out to the end, thus repeating in a medical sphere and vocabulary the major assumptions and inadequacies that have appeared in the trajectory of modern science. Paper 2 in this series examines application, attending to strong EBM's claim of direct transferability of EBM research findings to clinical settings and its assertion of epistemological normativity. EBM's contention that it provides the “only valid” approach to knowledge and action is questioned by analyzing the troubled story of proposed hierarchies of the quality of research findings (especially of RCTs, with other factors marginalized), which falsely identifies evaluating findings with operationally utilizing them in clinical recommendations and decision‐making. Further, its claim of carrying over its normative guidelines to cover the ethical responsibilities of researchers and clinicians is questioned.
Moral reasoning, moral decision‐making, and empathy in Korsakoff’s syndrome
Authors: Oudman Erik , van Stigt Thans Sioux , Montoya Estrella R. , Postma Albert
Published: November 2020

Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder, caused by a vitamin B1 deficiency. Although it is known that patients with KS display diminished theory of mind functioning and frequently exhibit marked antisocial interactions little attention has so far focused on the integrity of moral decision‐making abilities, moral reasoning, and empathy. In an experimental cross‐sectional design, 20 patients diagnosed with KS, and twenty age‐, education‐, and gender‐equivalent healthy participants performed tests assessing moral decision‐making, moral reasoning maturity, empathy, and executive functioning. Participants were administered the Moral Behaviour Inventory (MBI) for everyday moral dilemmas, and ten cartoons of abstract moral dilemmas. Responses were scored according to the Kohlberg stages of moral reasoning. Empathy and executive functioning were assessed with the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). In contrast to frontal traumatic brain injury patients, KS patients did not display a utilitarian bias, suggesting preserved moral decision‐making abilities. Of interest, KS patients had significantly lower levels of moral reasoning maturity on everyday moral dilemmas, and abstract moral dilemmas. In patients, empathy was moderately related to the level of moral maturity on both tasks, while executive functioning was not. In conclusion, KS patients have preserved moral decision‐making abilities, but their moral reasoning abilities are poorer in everyday and abstract situations. Lower moral reasoning abilities and lower levels of empathy together may be responsible for adverse social functioning in KS.
Impact of heritable disorders of connective tissue on daily life of children: Parent perspectives
Authors: Wesley Alison , Bray Paula , Munns Craig F , Pacey Verity
Published: November 2020

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate parent perspectives on how heritable disorders of connective tissue (HDCT) affect a child's everyday life. In addition, this study aimed to determine if parents seeking health professional services perceive their children with HDCT to have difficulties with activities reliant on hand function.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study used a questionnaire for parents to explore the impact of an HDCT on a child's ability to carry out everyday activities. Parents of children (8–18 years) attending a tertiary connective tissue dysplasia clinic, over a 12‐month period, were invited to participate.

Results

We analysed 100 surveys completed by parents. Children with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome‐hypermobile type, joint hypermobility syndrome (48%) and osteogenesis imperfecta (42%) were the largest diagnostic groups represented. Pain (73%) and fatigue (68%) were the most common symptoms parents perceived to affect day‐to‐day activities. More parents were satisfied with their child's self‐care (61%) than school participation (33%). Keeping up with handwriting (71%) and gross motor activities (70%) were the most frequently reported difficulties at school. Most parents (65%) reported leisure activity difficulties, with pain (64%) and fatigue (60%) as the main contributing factors.

Conclusions

This study has provided new knowledge about the concerns of parents with their child's engagement in everyday life including the impact of HDCT on hand function. Further research is needed on effective management strategies to reduce symptoms and improve hand function for these children.
Annual Cycle of Mat‐Forming Filamentous Alga Tribonema cf. minus (Stramenopiles, Xanthophyceae) in Hydro‐Terrestrial Habitats in the High Arctic Revealed By Multiparameter Fluorescent Staining
Authors: Jimel Matouš , Kvíderová Jana , Elster Josef
Published: November 2020

The filamentous microalga Tribonema sp. (Stramenopiles, Xanthophyceae) plays an important role in shallow water polar (streams and seepages) and seasonally cold habitats in temperate regions (ponds). In these habitats, freezing and desiccation, and thus freeze–thawing and drying–rewetting cycles, are frequent. These regions produce visible biomass and are important components of low temperature‐adapted communities. We characterized the annual cycles of a Tribonema cf. minus population in two habitats (seepage and stream) in the High Arctic, Svalbard. Seasonality, locality, and their combination (particularly changing environmental conditions) together with cultivation conditions of strains significantly affected their morphological characteristics. Morphological changes following hardening processes related to preparation for the winter period (transition from vegetative cells to akinete and/or pre‐akinete) were recorded. Over the year, positive water temperatures (warmest 13.3°C) occurred for 5 months while negative (lowest temperature was –17.4°C) lasted for 7 months. In winter, there were two melt periods. Vitality staining protocol showed a high number of viable (77.4% and 53.8%) and dormant cells (1.7% and 4.1%; capable of growth and reproduction once suitable conditions return) in the winter seepage and stream, respectively. NPQ and OJIP chlorophyll fluorescence parameters revealed several hours recovery of photosynthesis (both field and control samples). During recovery, only minor or mild stress on photosynthesis was detected. FV/FM values (the photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II in a dark‐adapted state) in all field and control samples varied around 0.4. Tribonema cf. minus is capable of surviving winter Arctic conditions (perennial strategy).
Pediatric HCT in Florida (2014 ‐2016): A report from the FPBCC
Authors: Chellapandian Deepak , Sunkersett Gauri , Oshrine Benjamin , Galvez Silva Jorge , Ziga Edward , Alperstein Warren , Joyce Michael , Katzenstein Howard , Godder Kamar , Castillo Paul , Barredo Julio , Fort John , Shaw Peter H. , Nieder Michael L. , Cline Jessica , Yang Fan , Horn Biljana
Published: November 2020

FPBCC was formed in 2018 by five pediatric transplant programs in Florida. One of the key objectives of the consortium is to provide outcome analyses by combining HCT data from all the participating centers in order to identify areas for improvement. In this first FPBCC landscape report we describe the patient and transplant characteristics of pediatric patients undergoing first allo and auto HCT between 2014 and 2016 in Florida. The source of data was eDBtC of the CIBMTR. Over the span of 3 years, a total of 230 pediatric patients underwent allo‐HCT and 104 underwent auto‐HCT at the participating centers. The most significant predictor of survival in allo‐HCT recipients with malignant disorders was the degree of HLA‐ match, while in the recipients of allo‐HCT with non‐malignant disorders the predictors of survival included age, donor relationship and degree of HLA match. Our analyses identified the need to improve reporting of primary cause of death and improve on donor selection process given that the degree of HLA match remains the most important predictor of survival. This first FPBCC‐wide review describes the trends in pediatric HCT activity between 2014 and 2016 among the participating centers in Florida and confirms feasibility of using eDBtC data platform and collaborative approach in order to identify areas for improvement in outcomes.
Risk Analysis, Decision Analysis, Causal Analysis, and Economics: A Personal Perspective from More Than 40 years Experience
Authors: North D. Warner
Published: November 2020

I entered the field of risk analysis forty years ago from a background in physics followed by doctoral training and experience in decision analysis. I came into the Society for Risk Analysis (SRA) after participating as a committee member in the 1983 National Academies report, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process. The insights and recommendations from this report, and successor reports from 1996 and 2008, merit revisiting on this 40th anniversary. Risk analysis includes risk assessment, a process of summarizing applicable science to inform decisions; and risk management, a process of making informed choices, usually involving multiple stakeholders. Inherent in both is the need to deal with complexity, uncertainty, and differing perspectives and goals. The lessons I have learned include the need for a conceptual separation of risk management from risk assessment, the benefit of an iterative dialogue between these activities, and the wisdom of articulating and assessing what we know, what we want, and what we can do as we seek to understand and manage risks affecting ourselves and those we advise.