bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic Registration for Navigation at the Anterior and Lateral Skull Base
Authors: Kristin Julia , Burggraf Manuel , Mucha Dirk , Malolepszy Christoph , Anderssohn Silvan , Schipper Joerg , Klenzner Thomas
Published: May 2019

Objective:

Navigation systems create a connection between imaging data and intraoperative situs, allowing the surgeon to consistently determine the location of instruments and patient anatomy during the surgical procedure. The best results regarding the target registration error (measurement uncertainty) are normally demonstrated using fiducials. This study aimed at investigating a new registration strategy for an electromagnetic navigation device.

Methods:

For evaluation of an electromagnetic navigation system and comparison of registration with screw markers and automatic registration, we are calculating the target registration error in the region of the paranasal sinuses/anterior and lateral skull base with the use of an electromagnetic navigation system and intraoperative digital volume tomography (cone-beam computed tomography). We carried out 10 registrations on a head model (total n = 150 measurements) and 10 registrations on 4 temporal bone specimens (total n = 160 measurements).

Results:

All in all, the automatic registration was easy to perform. For the models that were used, a significant difference between an automatic registration and the registration on fiducials was evident for just a limited number of screws. Furthermore, the observed differences varied in terms of the preferential registration procedure.

Conclusion:

The automatic registration strategy seems to be an alternative to the established methods in artificial and cadaver models of intraoperative scenarios. Using intraoperative imaging, there is an option to resort to this kind of registration as needed.
Prevalence of traditional bullying and cyberbullying among children and adolescents in Australia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jadambaa Amarzaya , Thomas Hannah J , Scott James G , Graves Nicholas , Brain David , Pacella Rosana
Published: May 2019

Background:

Despite increased awareness of the adverse impact of bullying on mental health, the prevalence of bullying in Australia is uncertain. The aim of the current study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of bullying (traditional and cyber) among Australian children and adolescents. This study synthesised bullying prevalence studies on victimisation experiences (being bullied) and perpetration experiences (bullying others).

Method:

A systematic review of electronic databases (A+ Education, EMBASE, ERIC, PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus up to 27 May 2017) was conducted. In addition, reference lists of included studies, theses recorded at the National Library of Australia, and government websites were surveyed to identify local area data as well as state and nationally representative data. Overall, 898 studies were screened and out of the 126 studies assessed for eligibility, 46 satisfied the pre-determined inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses based on quality-effects models generated pooled prevalence estimates for each of the two types of bullying involvement (victimisation and perpetration), as well as distinct models for traditional bullying and cyberbullying experiences by the type of involvement.

Results:

Overall, the 12-month prevalence of bullying victimisation was 15.17% (95% confidence interval = [9.17, 22.30]) and perpetration was 5.27% (95% confidence interval = [3.13, 7.92]). The lifetime prevalence for traditional bullying victimisation was 25.13% (95% confidence interval = [18.73, 32.11]) and perpetration was 11.61% (95% confidence interval = [7.41, 16.57]). Cyberbullying victimisation and perpetration were less common with lifetime prevalence of 7.02% (95% confidence interval = [2.41, 13.54]) and 3.45% (95% confidence interval = [1.13, 6.84]), respectively.

Conclusion:

Bullying is common among children and adolescents in Australia. There is a need to improve the measurement of bullying using a standardised instrument and for prevalence estimates to be collected on a regular basis to assess change over time. Wide implementation of anti-bullying programmes in Australian schools is a viable public health approach for the prevention of mental health problems.
Psychiatric morbidity in December 2015 flood-affected population in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Bandla Shailaja , Nappinnai NR , Gopalasamy Srinivasagopalan
Published: May 2019

Background:

Floods are the most common type of natural disaster, which have a negative impact on mental health. Following floods, survivors are vulnerable to develop PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder), depression, anxiety and other mental health problems.

Aim:

The aim is to study the psychiatric morbidity in the persons affected by floods during December 2015.

Materials and methods:

This study was carried out in Chennai and Cuddalore. In total, 223 persons who were directly exposed to floods were assessed. PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version, Beck’s Depression Inventory, Beck’s Anxiety Inventory and World Health Organization–Five Well-Being Scale (WHO-5) were used in the study. Chi-square test was used to compare the means.

Results:

Overall, psychiatric morbidity was found to be 45.29%; 60 (26.9%) persons had symptoms of PTSD. Anxiety was found in 48 (27.4%) and depression was found in 101 (45.29%) persons; and 11 (4.9%) persons have reported an increase in substance abuse.

Conclusion:

Following disaster like floods, there is a need for better preparedness in terms of basic necessities and medical and psychological assistance, particularly emphasizing the needs of older persons in order to prevent the development of psychiatric problems.
An Integrated Power and Efficiency Model of Contractual Channel Governance: Theory and Empirical Evidence
Authors: Carson Stephen J. , Ghosh Mrinal
Published: May 2019

Power theories (e.g., social exchange theory, resource dependence theory) and efficiency theories (e.g., transaction cost analysis) offer very different perspectives on the design of contractual governance in marketing channels. Whereas power theory suggests that governance will reflect the preferences of powerful firms, efficiency theories argue that governance will maximize joint value. In this research, the authors provide an integrative framework that reconciles power and efficiency perspectives in the context of contractual marketing channel relationships. This framework discriminates between two methods of exercising power: ex ante (through a tightly specified, efficient contract that rewards the powerful firm through the price mechanism while providing strong safeguards for the weak firm) or ex post (through a loosely specified, inefficient contract that allows the powerful firm to exploit its power during renegotiations). The authors argue that power will cause channel governance to deviate from the efficient choice, but only to the extent that the powerful firm cannot price out (i.e., extract) the value it offers to the weaker firm ex ante. As exchange conditions become more uncertain, power will demonstrate stronger effects on governance. This theory is supported with data from studies on contractual research-and-development relationships and procurement contracts for customized industrial products.
The Relative Effects of Business-to-Business (vs. Business-to-Consumer) Service Innovations on Firm Value and Firm Risk: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Dotzel Thomas , Shankar Venkatesh
Published: May 2019

Many firms introduce both business-to-business service innovations (B2B-SIs) and business-to-consumer service innovations (B2C-SIs) and need to better allocate their resources. However, they are unsure about B2B-SIs’ effects on firm value or risk, especially relative to those of B2C-SIs. The authors address this problem by developing hypotheses that relate the number of B2B-SIs and B2C-SIs to firm value and firm risk together with the moderators (the number of product innovations and customer-focus innovations). To test the hypotheses, the authors develop and estimate a model using unique panel data of 2,263 SIs across 15 industries over eight years assembled from multiple data sources and controlling for firm- and market-specific factors, heterogeneity, and endogeneity. They analyze innovation announcements using natural language processing. The results show that B2B-SIs have a positive effect on firm value and an insignificant influence on firm risk. Importantly, the effect of a B2B-SI on firm value is significantly greater than that of a B2C-SI. Unlike B2C-SIs, the effect of B2B-SIs on firm value is greater when the firm has more product innovations. Surprisingly, unlike B2C-SIs, the effect of B2B-SIs on firm value is less positive when the SIs emphasize customers. These findings offer important insights about the relative value of B2B-SIs.
Revised recommendations for health monitoring of non-human primate colonies (2018): FELASA Working Group Report
Authors: Balansard Ivan , Cleverley Lorna , Cutler Keith L , Spångberg Mats G , Thibault-Duprey Kevin , Langermans Jan AM
Published: May 2019

The genetic and biological similarity between non-human primates and humans has ensured the continued use of primates in biomedical research where other species cannot be used. Health-monitoring programmes for non-human primates provide an approach to monitor and control both endemic and incoming agents that may cause zoonotic and anthroponotic disease or interfere with research outcomes. In 1999 FELASA recommendations were published which aimed to provide a harmonized approach to health monitoring programmes for non-human primates. Scientific and technological progress, understanding of non-human primates and evolving microbiology has necessitated a review and replacement of the current recommendations.

These new recommendations are aimed at users and breeders of the commonly used non-human primates; Macaca mulatta (Rhesus macaque) and Macaca fascicularis (Cynomolgus macaque). In addition, other species including Callithrix jacchus (Common marmoset) Saimiri sciureus (Squirrel monkey) and others are included. The important and challenging aspects of non-human primate health-monitoring programmes are discussed, including management protocols to maintain and improve health status, health screening strategies and procedures, health reporting and certification. In addition, information is provided on specific micro-organisms and the recommended frequency of testing.
Scale Adaptation in Organizational Science Research: A Review and Best-Practice Recommendations
Authors: Heggestad Eric D. , Scheaf David J. , Banks George C. , Monroe Hausfeld Mary , Tonidandel Scott , Williams Eleanor B.
Published: May 2019

In describing measures used in their research, authors frequently report having adapted a scale, indicating that they changed something about it. Although such changes can raise concerns about validity, there has been little discussion of this practice in our literature. To estimate the prevalence and identify key forms of scale adaptation, we conducted two studies of the literature. In Study 1, we reviewed the descriptions of all scales ( N = 2,088) in four top journals over a 2-year period. We found that 46% of all scales were reported by authors as adapted and that evidence to support the validity of the adapted scales was presented in 23% of those cases. In Study 2, we chose six scales and examined their use across the literature, which allowed us to identify unreported adaptations. We found that 85% of the administrations of these scales had at least one form of adaptation and many had multiple adaptations. In Study 3, we surveyed editorial board members and a select group of psychometricians to evaluate the extent to which particular adaptations raised concerns about validity and the kinds of evidence needed to support the validity of the adapted scales. To provide guidance for authors who adapt scales and for reviewers and editors who evaluate papers with adapted scales, we present discussions of several forms of adaptations regarding potential threats to validity and recommendations for the kinds of evidence that might best support the validity of the adapted scale (including a reviewer checklist).
‘Welcome to selfiestan’: identity and the networked gaze in Indian mobile media
Authors: Monteiro Stephen
Published: May 2019

This article examines selfie culture and visual social media in India by exploring how smartphone marketing and the performativity of the user–device interface intersect with the cultural influence of the Hindu ritual of darshan and the recent political success of populist Hindu nationalism. Darshan, a long-standing, everyday Hindu practice entailing an active visual and physical exchange between worshiper and devotional image or object, bears striking overlaps with the mechanics and conditions of the networked visuality of the self. Taking a critical technology approach, this article places scholarship on selfies and their production methods in conversation with anthropological descriptions of darshan and existing theories of darshan’s impact on media in South Asia. Theoretical exploration of concepts and practices is augmented by content analysis of social media imagery related to darshan. In arguing that aspects of traditional visual regimes may endure in personal networked media use in India, this work underscores the need for balancing globalized affordances and applications, on one hand, with culturally specific meanings and ideological frames, on the other, particularly as these converge in the visual performance of networked identity.
The invention of the Mideu: redefining American television in South Korea
Authors: Kim Yaeri
Published: May 2019

This article examines the ways in which South Korean media redefined and reevaluated American television between 2006 and 2008, when the dominance of domestic series in entertainment television was purportedly challenged by the resurging popularity of American shows. By analyzing traditional and digital newspaper articles published on this phenomenon, this article demonstrates how the local media produced and disseminated a coherent discourse that transformed American television series into the localized concept of mideu. This process involved the reframing of American television as an idealized alternative to the local counterpart, the reinterpretation of evaluative terms such as diversity and narrative strength, and the selective inclusion and exclusion of certain genres and programs. A close investigation of the construction of the mideu discourse offers an insight into how the local mass media function as the cultural intermediary that translates transnational media to the existing conditions of the local media industry and culture.
Those who control the past control the future: The dark side of rhetorical history
Authors: Aeon Brad , Lamertz Kai
Published: May 2019

What is the impact of rhetorical history on employees? We address this question by interviewing 29 workers in two organizations. Our critical interpretation of the findings suggests that managers willfully craft historical narratives to regulate workers’ identity and, ultimately, advance the organization’s agenda. Managers achieve this by peddling historical narratives that instill certain logics in workers. These logics, in turn, influence workers’ identification and involvement with the organization. The first logic, reflected glory, exploits the idea that what is historical is prestigious and coaxes workers into basking in their organization’s historical glory through identification. The second logic, preservation, exploits the idea that what is historical must be preserved and urges workers to be involved in their work to stave off the demise of the organization’s legacy. We further contend that organizations reinforce these logics using narrative resources—concepts that lend historical narratives more persuasiveness—such as place or longevity. Nevertheless, workers do not remain passive. While some engage in traditional resistance tactics, others leverage their collective memory as a counter-narrative to the organization’s narratives. While much has been said about the strategic uses of rhetorical history, we conclude by discussing its limitations and hitherto overlooked moral implications.
Collective Leadership Dynamics among Professional Peers: Co-constructing an unstable equilibrium
Authors: Empson Laura , Alvehus Johan
Published: May 2019

Professional service firms (PSFs) are characterized by contingent and contested power relations among an extended group of professional peers. Studies of such firms can therefore yield important insights for the literatures on collective leadership and leader–follower relations. Yet to date PSF scholars have neglected the topic of leadership, and leadership scholars have neglected the context of PSFs. Based on 102 interviews across the consulting, accounting and legal sectors, we identify three relational processes through which professional peers co-construct collective leadership: legitimizing, negotiating and manoeuvring. We demonstrate how the relational processes taken together constitute an unstable equilibrium, both in the moment and over time, emphasizing how leadership in PSFs is inherently contested and fragile. Our model contributes to theories of collective leadership and leader–follower relations by foregrounding the power and politics that underlie collective leadership. We highlight the significance of the individual leader within the collective. We challenge assumptions concerning the binary nature of leadership and followership, by showing how colleagues may grant leadership identities to their peers without necessarily granting them leadership authority, and without claiming follower identities for themselves.
The medial prefrontal cortex is required for responding to alcohol-predictive cues but only in the absence of alcohol delivery
Authors: Khoo Shaun Y , Sciascia Joanna M , Pettorelli Annie , Maddux Jean-Marie N , Chaudhri Nadia
Published: May 2019

Background:

The prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex is implicated in promoting drug-seeking in relapse tests. However, drug-seeking behaviour is typically extinguished before a test and tests normally occur without drug delivery.

Aims:

We investigated the involvement of the prelimbic and the infralimbic cortex in responding elicited by a non-extinguished cue for alcohol that was presented without alcohol in an alcohol-associated context or a neutral context, and in responding to the same cue when it was paired with alcohol.

Methods:

Male, Long-Evans rats (220–240 g on arrival) were acclimated to 15% ethanol (v/v; ‘alcohol’) and then trained to associate a conditioned stimulus (10 s white noise; 15 trials/session) with alcohol delivery into a fluid port (0.2 mL/conditioned stimulus, 3 mL per session) for oral intake. Conditioning sessions occurred in a specific ‘alcohol context’ and were alternated daily with exposure to a second ‘neutral’ context that contained neither the conditioned stimulus nor alcohol.

Results:

At test, functional prelimbic cortex inactivation using baclofen/muscimol reduced fluid port entries elicited by a non-extinguished conditioned stimulus that was presented without alcohol, but had no subsequent impact on port entries when the conditioned stimulus was paired with alcohol. Similar results were obtained following infralimbic cortex inactivation; however, infralimbic cortex inactivation also non-specifically reduced port entries in the absence of alcohol.

Conclusions:

These data indicate that the prelimbic and infralimbic cortex are involved in responding to cues for alcohol when alcohol delivery is omitted, but suggest that other brain regions are engaged in responding to such cues in the presence of alcohol.
Association between anti-α-1,4-D-polygalacturonic acid antibodies and Henoch-Schönlein purpura in children
Authors: Miao Meihua , Li Xiaozhong , Wang Qin , Zhu Yunfen , Cui Yanyan , Shao Xuejun
Published: May 2019

Objective

To investigate the relationship between anti-α-1,4-D-polygalacturonic acid (PGA) antibodies, particularly immunoglobulin (Ig)A, and Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) in children.

Methods

This observational case–control study investigated PGA-IgA, PGA-IgG, and PGA/PGA-IgA circulating immune complex (PGA/PGA-IgA CIC) in paediatric patients with HSP versus controls. Children with HSP were also evaluated for food specific IgG and food intolerance. Between-group differences in anti-PGA antibodies were analysed.

Results

Serum PGA-IgA and PGA-IgG levels were significantly increased in patients with acute HSP ( n = 251) versus those with urticaria ( n = 48), acute respiratory infections ( n = 95), surgical controls ( n = 53) and neonates ( n = 92). PGA/PGA-IgA CIC levels were also significantly higher in the acute HSP group versus surgical control and neonate groups. Levels of PGA/PGA-IgA CIC and PGA-IgA were significantly correlated ( r = 0.997), and PGA-IgA showed high diagnostic specificity for HSP. No statistically significant differences were observed in PGA-IgA and PGA-IgG between various degrees of food intolerance in children with HSP.

Conclusion

Increased anti-PGA antibodies, particularly PGA-IgA and PGA/PGA-IgA CIC, were significantly associated with acute HSP in children. Food intolerance was not found to be associated with increased anti-PGA antibodies in children with HSP.
Successful one-lung ventilation by blocking the right intermediate bronchus in a 7-year-old child: a case report
Authors: Baek Seung Youp , Kim Jin Hwan , Kim Goo , Choi Jin Ho , Jeong Chang Young , Ryu Keon Hee , Park Dong Ho
Published: May 2019

A 7-year-old child underwent surgical excision of a benign mesothelioma of the pleura near the right lower lung. Although insertion of a wire-reinforced endotracheal tube through the left main bronchus was attempted for one-lung ventilation to secure the surgical field of view, the attempt failed. Therefore, an endotracheal tube was inserted into the trachea, and an Arndt endobronchial blocker (Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN, USA) was placed in the right intermediate bronchus under bronchoscopic guidance to selectively block the right lower and middle lobes. The surgery was performed while ventilating the right upper lobe and left lung, and no specific intraoperative adverse events occurred.
Mapping the topology of the air transport network in Turkey
Authors: Erdem Umut , Mert Cubukcu K. , Tsiotas Dimitrios
Published: May 2019

Recent technological and philosophical research has revealed that almost everything around us is heavily dependent on network-based complexities. Airport network topologies are complex networks and their analyses are crucial regarding the fact that the evolution of airport network topology influences the economic growth of regions and countries. An equal population cartogram is derived displaying the distortion of the air transport network of Turkey in accordance with the uneven distribution of passengers. The regions between İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir, and Antalya are shrunk by the force of higher population concentration. The shrinkage across the eastern regions is less than that in the western regions; still, the distortion of the regions is dominated by particular regional hubs.
Exertional rhabdomyolysis: Relevance of clinical and laboratory findings, and clues for investigation
Authors: Heytens Karel , De Ridder Willem , De Bleecker Jan , Heytens Luc , Baets Jonathan
Published: May 2019

Some degree of exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER), striated muscle breakdown associated with strenuous exercise, is a well-known phenomenon associated with endurance sports. However in rare cases, severe and/or recurrent ER is a manifestation of an underlying condition, which puts patients at risk for significant morbidity and mortality. Selecting the patients that need a diagnostic work up of an acute rhabdomyolysis episode is an important task.

Based on the diagnostic work up of three illustrative patients treated in our hospital, retrospectively using the ‘RHABDO’ screening tool, we discuss the clinical and biochemical clues that should trigger further investigation for an underlying condition. Finally, we describe the most common genetic causes of this clinical syndrome.
Content Analysis of Interviews with Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Drivers in Los Angeles
Authors: Lopez Jaramillo Oscar , Stotts Rhian , Kelley Scott , Kuby Michael
Published: May 2019

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) are zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) and their widespread adoption may help to mitigate some of the issues arising from fossil-fuel usage in the transportation sector. Only in recent years have these vehicles become available for purchase or lease in the United States, and only within the State of California. In 2018, nearly 5,500 HFCVs had been sold or leased in California, supported by a developing refueling infrastructure there. This population represents a unique opportunity, as previous studies on HFCV adoption have largely employed hypothetical stated preference surveys distributed to likely adopters. Seeking to investigate the real experiences of actual adopters from their own perspectives, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 early adopters of HFCVs in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Thematic content analysis of these interviews was conducted to identify the prevalence of factors deductively derived from published literature. All respondents considered lifetime cost of vehicle ownership, engaged in comparison shopping, and assessed the adequacy of the refueling infrastructure by various geographical criteria. Environmental concerns motivated many respondents to pursue HFCV adoption, though only if it made financial sense. Respondents chose HFCVs over battery electric vehicles after consideration of range, refueling time, and cost. Early HFCV adopters consistently cast their adoption of the technology as a contribution to a diverse ZEV marketplace. Strategies for the promotion of HFCV technology must account for this range of variation in early-adopter motivations, concerns, and behaviors which might complicate targeted HFCV promotion strategies.
Governing Dockless Bike Share: Early Lessons for Nice Ride Minnesota
Authors: Hauf Austin , Douma Frank
Published: May 2019

Dockless bike share systems present an opportunity to expand access to bike share in cities by lowering costs and geographic barriers, but they also create additional challenges in the areas of maintenance, parking, and right-of-way management. Most dockless providers are private, venture-capital funded entities, representing a significant departure from current public and non-profit approaches. In several cities, municipal authorities have encountered challenges in securing cooperation from these operators in areas such as data transparency. This raises a key question: To what extent can municipal authorities use contracts and governance to exchange use of the public rights of way for operating requirements that advance equity, accessibility, innovation, and other goals? Using case studies from other U.S. cities and drawing insights from the wider “smart mobility” literature, this research presents recommendations for regulating dockless bike share in cities and ties these approaches to the implementation of Nice Ride Minnesota’s dockless pilot. It also examines prominent challenges in coordination and implementation and highlights novel approaches with an eye towards the future of bike share in the Twin Cities region (Minneapolis and St. Paul, MN). It concludes that providers of shared mobility services should expect to be regulated in exchange for use of public rights of way, while city authorities should provide transparent and proactive regulation, maintain an environment of iteration, define their own metrics for success, place planning goals before innovation, and strive for regional collaboration.
Energy and Mobility Impacts of System Optimal Dynamic Traffic Assignment for a Mixed Traffic of Legacy and Automated Vehicles
Authors: Aziz H. M. Abdul
Published: May 2019

This research develops a system optimal dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model for mixed traffic of human drivers and automated vehicles (AVs) and investigates network level mobility and energy impacts for different market shares of AVs. A methodology based on vehicle-specific-energy is proposed to estimate the energy consumption from the embedded spatial-queuing traffic flow model within the DTA formulation. Results with a test network indicate that potential travel time and energy consumption reductions are possible with increased AV market share in transportation networks. Results also report a decrease in travel time as high as 49% and energy consumption as high as 28% at the system level. The developed DTA model will be able to assist in transportation planning and the investment decision process by estimating the mobility and energy impacts in future transportation networks with mixed traffic of human drivers and AVs.
Prevention of End-of-Track Collisions at Passenger Terminals via Positive Train Control
Authors: Zhang Zhipeng , Liu Xiang , Holt Keith
Published: May 2019

A series of end-of-track collisions occurred in passenger terminals because of noncompliant actions from disengaged or inattentive engineers, resulting in significant property damage and casualties. Compared with other types of accidents, end-of-track collision has received much less attention in the prior research. To narrow this knowledge gap, this paper firstly analyzes the safety statistics of end-of-track collisions, then develops a fault tree analysis to understand the causes and contributing factors of end-of-track collisions. With the objective of mitigating this type of risk, this paper discusses the potential implementation of Positive Train Control (PTC) for the passenger terminal. This paper primarily focuses on the enforcement of the two most widely implemented systems, the Advanced Civil Speed Enforcement System (ACSES) and the Interoperable Electronic Train Management System (I-ETMS). For each implementation scenario, the Concept of Operations (ConOps) is proposed that depicts high-level system characteristics for the proposed PTC system enforcement at stub-end terminals. Ongoing work is being carried out by the authors to fully evaluate the cost-effectiveness and operational impacts of enforcing PTC in terminating tracks to prevent end-of-track collisions.
Impact of Cognitive Distractions on Drivers’ Hazard Anticipation Behavior in Complex Scenarios
Authors: Ebadi Yalda , Fisher Donald L. , Roberts Shannon C.
Published: May 2019

Distraction is one of the main causes of traffic crashes. The effect of cell phones, a major contributor to cognitive distraction, on response time has tested in many simulator studies. Response time is not the only driving skill affected by cell phone conversations, however. Specifically, it is known that cell phone usage contributes to a reduction in hazard anticipation skills at intersections, and there are many other scenarios where cell phone conversations could have a detrimental effect. The objective of this study is to determine whether cognitive distractions associated with cell phone use affect hazard anticipation, not only at intersections but also in other scenarios which contain latent hazards. Twenty-four drivers navigated 18 scenarios on a driving simulator twice, with their eye movements continuously monitored. During one drive, participants performed a hands-free mock cell phone task while driving; on the other drive, they navigated through the virtual world without any additional tasks apart from the primary task of driving. The scenarios were classified into two types: intersection and non-intersection. Using a logistic regression model within the framework of generalized estimation equations, it was determined that the proportion of anticipatory glances toward potential hazards was reduced significantly for all scenarios when drivers were engaged in a mock cell phone task. Perhaps the most disturbing finding is that this was true both at work zones and at marked midblock crosswalks, scenarios which often endanger vulnerable road users. In summary, the study found a negative effect of cognitive distraction on latent hazard anticipation.
Novel Approach for Comprehensive Centrality Assessment of Ports along the Maritime Silk Road
Authors: Wu Jing , Zhang Di , Wan Chengpeng , Zhang Jinfen , Zhang Mingyang
Published: May 2019

The Belt and Road (B&R) initiative provides a great opportunity for facilitating the development of the maritime industry. Ports, as the main components of the global maritime logistics system, have attracted attention from both industry and academia in relation to the evaluation of their role in maritime shipping networks. To assess the importance of ports along the Maritime Silk Road (MSR), this paper constructs a container shipping network based on the service information of 16 world-leading container liners and analyzes the disparity of ports based on the topological features of the network. A novel multi-centrality-based indicator is proposed to analyze the centrality of ports along the MSR from a more comprehensive perspective, and the obtained results are further verified by using vulnerability analysis. The results indicate that the Port of Hong Kong, Port of Singapore, Port of Shenzhen, and Port Klang are at the center of the MSR container shipping network. The vulnerable ports identified by different methods are largely consistent. This study provides a reference for the management of ports along the MSR and a theoretical basis for future optimization of container shipping networks in other areas of the world.
Impact of Autonomous-Vehicle-Only Lanes in Mixed Traffic Conditions
Authors: Yu Hwapyeong , Tak Sehyun , Park Minju , Yeo Hwasoo
Published: May 2019

The introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in the near future will have a significant impact on road traffic. AVs may have advantages in efficiency and convenience, but safety can be compromised in mixed operations of manual vehicles and AVs. To deal with the issues associated with mixed traffic and to avoid its negative effects, a special purpose lane reserved for AVs can be proposed to segregate AVs from manual vehicles. In this research, we analyze the effect on efficiency and safety of AVs in mixed traffic and in a situation where an AV-only lane is deployed. In the analysis, we investigate the average speed, the throughput, and the inverse time-to-collision (ITTC). We differentiate the behaviors of manual vehicles and AVs through the reaction time, desired speed, and car-following models. As a result, we observe that the efficiency is improved when the market penetration rate of AVs increases, especially when the highway throughput increases by up to 84% in the case of mixed traffic. However, safety worsens when the market penetration of AVs is under 40%. In this case, the average speed can be improved and the frequency of dangerous situations (ITTC > 0.49) can be reduced drastically in the merging section by making the innermost lane AV-only. Accordingly, we conclude that AV-only lanes can have a significant positive impact on efficiency and safety when the market penetration rate of AVs is low.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Injury Severity in Traffic Crashes on Arizona Tribal Lands
Authors: James Emmanuel , Russo Brendan J.
Published: May 2019

Reducing fatal and serious injuries sustained in traffic crashes on tribal lands is a priority of federal, state, and local agencies in the United States. In the state of Arizona, the proportion of fatal and severe injury crashes on several areas of tribal land are 4.0% higher compared with statewide statistics. There is a need to investigate why higher proportions of fatal and severe injuries are occurring on tribal lands to plan effective countermeasures aimed at improving traffic safety in these areas. This study presents an analysis of factors affecting injury severity in crashes occurring within five tribal reservations in the state of Arizona. Crash data were obtained from the Arizona Department of Transportation, and the analysis included data for 9,597 persons involved in traffic crashes on these tribal lands for the years 2010–2016. An ordered logit model with random parameters was estimated using this data to identify factors significantly associated with severe injury outcomes in the event of a crash on tribal lands. Several person-, vehicle-, roadway-, and environmental-related variables were found to impact injury severity. For instance, alcohol and safety device usage were significantly associated with severity outcomes. The results of this study have the potential to aid transportation agencies effectively plan strategies to reduce traffic crash injuries and fatalities on tribal lands, and potential countermeasures considering the 4Es of traffic safety (engineering, education, enforcement, and emergency medical services) are discussed.
Method to Identify and Visualize Barriers in a Low-Stress Bike Network
Authors: Putta Theja , Furth Peter G.
Published: May 2019

Low-stress bike networks are often disconnected, with gaps or barriers that make travel between two points impossible without riding on high-stress roads. Barriers can also force long detours that people are not willing to make. Although existing methods of low-stress bike network analysis have been used to point out some barriers, a method was needed to systematically identify and draw barriers to assist in network planning. Such a method was developed, taking only the low-stress network as an input, and yielding a set of polylines that indicated barriers to bicycling. Applications in Arlington, Virginia and Boston, Massachussets showed how it detected what might otherwise have been hidden barriers. The method also successfully highlighted critical low-stress links that breached what would otherwise have been a far longer barrier.
Effect of Nutrition Education on Knowledge, Complementary Feeding, and Hygiene Practices of Mothers With Moderate Acutely Malnourished Children in Uganda
Authors: Kajjura Richard B. , Veldman Frederick J. , Kassier Susanna M.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Inappropriate infant and young child complementary feeding practices related to a lack of maternal knowledge contributes to an increased risk of malnutrition, morbidity, and mortality. There is a lack of data regarding the effect of nutrition education on maternal knowledge, feeding, and hygiene practices as part of a supplementary feeding intervention targeting infants and young children with moderate acute malnutrition in low-income countries like Uganda.

Objective:

To determine whether nutrition education improves knowledge, feeding, and hygiene practices of mothers with infants and young children diagnosed with moderate acute malnutrition.

Methods:

A cross-sequential study using a pretest–posttest design included 204 mother–infant pairs conveniently sampled across 24 randomly selected clusters. Weekly nutrition education sessions were embedded in a supplementary porridge intervention for 3 months. Mean scores and proportions for knowledge, feeding, and hygiene practices were determined at baseline and end line. The difference between mean scores at the 2 time points were calculated with the paired t test analysis, while the proportions between baseline and end line were calculated using a z test analysis.

Results:

Mean scores for knowledge, dietary diversity, and meal frequency were higher at end line compared to baseline ( P < .001). Handwashing did not improve significantly ( P = .183), while boiling water to enhance water quality improved ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

Nutrition education in conjunction with a supplementary feeding intervention targeting infants and young children with moderate acute malnutrition improved meal frequency, dietary diversity and water quality.
Investigating “Problem-Solving With Datasets” as an Implementation of Computational Thinking: A Literature Review
Authors: Berikan Burcu , Özdemir Selçuk
Published: May 2019

This study aims to investigate problem-solving with dataset (PSWD) as a computational thinking learning implementation as reflected in academic publications. Specifically, the purpose is to specify the scope of PSWD, which overlaps with the data literacy, thinking with data, big data literacy, and data-based thinking concepts in the literature. Subaims of the study are to identify the conceptual structure of PSWD based on definitions in academic publications and to classify the reasons given in the literature to show the need for PSWD. For the purposes to investigate PSWD conceptually, to classify the reasons given for the need for PSWD, the obtained 54 publications were analyzed via content analysis. Moreover, this study investigates the most frequently suggested or used teaching strategies (in terms of instructional methods, instructional tools, and grade level) for PSWD in the literature. The frequencies of used words in selected publications referring instructional methods, instructional tools, and grade levels were shown in the findings of study. The importance of the study stems from its focus on a new approach to computational thinking instructional implementation.
A Genre-Based Analysis of Forward-Looking Statements in Corporate Social Responsibility Reports
Authors: Yu Danni , Bondi Marina
Published: May 2019

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports are becoming a widespread corporate discourse practice and are often considered corporate image-building documents. The present study examines forward-looking statements in CSR reports from a genre-based perspective, aiming to better understand the textual practices of reporting genres in a globalized context and to raise awareness about ways they are used to shape perception of corporate activity. Using a corpus of 90 CSR reports in Chinese, English, and Italian and a subcorpus annotated with the “previewing future performance” move, the study combines a focus on genre-related contextual features and rhetorical patterns of CSR reports with a corpus-based study of future markers. The analysis reveals some cross-cultural variation in the distribution of the move, while its commissive function marks a common trend. Words indicating change ( miglior*/提升/improv*) are found to be frequently used for future reference in all three languages, suggesting that future discourse, though regarded as an optional element of the genre, is widely exploited by companies in actual practice to promote a committed corporate image in CSR. Based on this analysis, the study puts forward the notion of “writing conformity,” a general feature of many reporting genres, which may turn out to pose new and important challenges for professional writers.
The Gender By Us® Toolkit: A Pilot Study of an Intervention to Disrupt Implicit Gender Bias
Authors: Bates Samantha , Lauve-Moon Katie , McCloskey Rebecca , Anderson-Butcher Dawn
Published: May 2019

Using a mixed methods approach, the current study tested whether an intervention, the Gender By Us® Toolkit, decreased implicit gender bias compared to a generic conversation. Researchers randomly assigned participants in the study to the intervention ( n = 11) or a generic conversation ( n = 12). Participants completed pre-, post-, and 2-week follow-up surveys. Valid psychometric instruments and t tests were used to assess group differences on the following measures: (1) the Social Dominance Orientation Scale, (2) the Neosexism Scale, and (3) the Modern Sexism Scale. Quantitative results showed the intervention group scored significantly higher on the Modern Sexism Scale at posttest than the control group ( p = .00), demonstrating increased acknowledgment of gender discrimination. Both groups also were asked open-ended questions related to the intervention and implicit gender bias. Qualitative results suggested that participants’ overall perception was that the intervention increased their awareness of implicit gender biases within themselves and their ability to identify biases in others, yet a comparatively low number of intervention participants retained the ability to identify an example of implicit gender bias at posttest. Findings may indicate the intervention had a small but positive effect on disrupting implicit gender bias.
Waste thermosetting polymer and ceramic as reinforcement in thermoplastic matrix for sustainability: Thermomechanical investigations
Authors: Singh Rupinder , Singh Inderpreet , Kumar Ranvijay , Brar GS
Published: May 2019

This study reports the investigation of the waste thermosetting polymer, Bakelite (BAK), as a reinforcement along with ceramic particles (silicon carbide (SiC) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3)) in recycled thermoplastic acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) matrix for better sustainability. The ABS composite matrix has been prepared using a twin-screw extrusion (TSE) process. For mechanical testing and thermal stability analysis, conventional universal tensile testing and differential scanning calorimetry set-up has been used. The results of the study suggest that best mechanical properties were attained without the reinforcement of ceramic particles (90% ABS–10% BAK–0% SiC–0% Al2O3 by wt%), but ceramic reinforcements contributed to thermal stability of the matrix.
How industry collaboration influences research: The case of the Swedish interdisciplinary materials consortia, 1990–2000
Authors: Perez Vico Eugenia , Hallonsten Olof
Published: May 2019

This article provides new insights into the consequences of university–industry collaboration for the content and conduct of academic research by analysing the Swedish research funding programme for the so-called ‘materials consortia’, in place between 1990 and 2000. Using secondary sources, the analysis highlights the causality in university–industry collaboration and the impact of such collaboration on the academic research environments involved. While the funding programme was clearly aimed at influencing the conduct of academic research, impacts are seen mostly in content. Also, collaborative activities with long-term positive outcomes grew organically rather than top-down, with mutual trust and recognition at the operational level of great importance. The policy implications include the realization that the durability of efforts, from funders as well as at the operational level, is key to achieving deeper added value in university–industry collaborations. The article contributes to a deepened and broadened understanding of the multidimensionality of university–industry collaborations and their effects on research.
What was sociology?
Authors: Fitzgerald Des
Published: May 2019

This article is about the future of sociology, as transformations in the digital and biological sciences lay claim to the discipline’s jurisdictional hold over ‘the social’. Rather than analyse the specifics of these transformations, however, the focus of the article is on how a narrative of methodological crisis is sustained in sociology, and on how such a narrative conjures very particular disciplinary futures. Through a close reading of key texts, the article makes two claims: (1) that a surprisingly conventional urge towards disciplinary reproduction often animates accounts of sociology’s crisis; (2) that, even more surprisingly, these same accounts are often haunted by a hidden metaphorical architecture centred on biology, vitality, vigour and life. The central gambit of the article is that, perhaps in spite of itself, this subterranean image of life actually hints at less reproductively conventional ways of understanding – and intervening in – sociology’s methodological ‘crisis’. Drawing, empirically, on the author’s recent work on urban stress and, theoretically, on Stefan Helmreich’s (2011, 2016) account of ‘limit biologies’, the articles ends with a call for a ‘limit sociology’ – a form of attention that could, similarly, expand rather than contract the present moment of transformation. At the heart of the article is a hope that thinking with such a limit may help sociologists to imagine a less deadening future than that on offer from a canonised discipline cathected by endless crisis-talk.