bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep sedation with midazolam and propofol in children undergoing ambulatory magnetic resonance imaging of the brain
Authors: Jevdjic Jasna , Surbatovic Maja , Drakulic-Miletic Svetlana , Zunic Filip
Published: October 2011

Backround/Aim. Sedation is necessary in children undergoing magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) to ensure motionless. The success of sedation is
typically measured by two factors: safety (lack of adverse events) and
effectiveness of the procedure (successful completion of the diagnostic
examination). Propofol is frequently used to induce deep sedation in
children. However, increased doses of propofol may lead to oversedation and
respiratory depression. The aim of the study was to investigate sedation in
children using propofol with midazolam in regard to efficacy, adverse events
and time to return to presedation functional status. Methods. We investigated
24 children prospectively. Sedation was introduced with a single bolus of
intravenous (iv) midazolam 0.1 mg/kg followed by repeated small iv boluses of
propofol until sufficient depth of sedation was obtained. The outcome of
sedation was measured by the induction time, sedation time, need for
additional sedation, respiratory events, cardiovascular events and sedation
failure. Results. Median age of children was 4.72 ? 3.06 (1.1-12.3) years and
their body weight was 21.3 ? 11.9 (11-60) kg. Average propofol bolus dose for
induction was 1.76 ? 0.9 (0.5-4) mg/kg. The induction time was 8.88 ? 2.92
(5-15) min, and sedation time 28.39 ? 8.42 (20-50) min. Additional sedation
was necessary in 3 (12.5%) patients. Unsucesfull sedation or significant
adverse events were not observed. Conclusion. The presented sedation
technique for children undergoing ambulatory MRI of the brain is safe and
adequate. This sedation regiment provides short induction time, fast
recovery, stable cardiorespiratory conditions and rarely demans additional
sedation.
A Sliding Mode Control for Four-Wire Shunt Active Filter
Authors: Hamoudi Farid , Chaghi Aziz , Adli Mouloud , Amimeur Hocine
Published: October 2011

A Sliding Mode Control for Four-Wire Shunt Active Filter

The present paper deals with the sliding mode control of a three-phase four-wire shunt active filter SAF, to improve phase-current waveform, neutral current mitigation and reactive power compensation in electric power distribution system. The sliding mode is formulated using elementary differential geometry, then the control vector is deduced from the sliding surface accessibility using the Lyapunov stability. The algorithm used to establish the current references for the sliding mode controller is based on the instantaneous real and imaginary power theory for four-wire system. It will be seen that this method permits to synthesis the control vector with simple manner, and finally, the obtained simulation results confirm that the above objectives are satisfied.
Online Rejected-Reinsertion Heuristics for Dynamic Multivehicle Dial-a-Ride Problem
Authors: Luo Ying , Schonfeld Paul
Published: October 2011

This paper presents and compares online implementations of rejected-reinsertion heuristics for the dynamic multivehicle dial-a-ride problem (DARP), which the authors previously developed for static DARP. In dynamic DARP, transportation requests are received in real time, whereas in static DARP, all information about service requests is known in advance. The main objective for the DARP heuristics is to minimize the number of vehicles used to satisfy all trip requests, subject to service quality constraints. Two online implementation strategies, called “immediate insertion” and “rolling-horizon insertion,” coupled with two variations of the insertion heuristic rejected reinsertion without and with periodic improvement procedures, are developed and compared. Computational results show that the rolling-horizon insertion heuristics, which take advantage of the advance information available, achieve vehicle reductions of up to 10% more than their immediate-insertion counterpart. The proposed online rejected-reinsertion heuristics achieve vehicle reductions up to 16% and 10% more, respectively, than the online parallel insertion heuristics that use immediate insertion and rolling-horizon insertion strategies, while keeping the computation time at the same magnitude as the parallel-insertion heuristics. Sensitivity analysis shows that the rolling-horizon insertion heuristics are insensitive to the time horizon and the rolling interval.
Determining Optimum Acceptance Sample Size
Authors: Cho Dooyong , Najafi Fazil T. , Kopac Peter A.
Published: October 2011

What is the optimum acceptance sample size (n)? Recent research by Gharaibeh and colleagues found that when incoming lots are anticipated to be high quality, the optimum n is relatively small (n = 3 for many acceptance quality characteristics). The finding was received with some skepticism, and many questions were raised about the optimization model and underlying assumptions. This paper summarizes follow-up research that more closely examined the optimization model elements and assumptions in an attempt to confirm or refute the finding by Gharaibeh and colleagues. By using a somewhat modified model and assumptions based where possible on actual data, the conclusions reached by Gharaibeh and colleagues stayed basically the same and several new conclusions were drawn. Some cautions are presented concerning the state highway agency use of small sample sizes. Agencies are encouraged to perform their own optimization calculations. By doing so, agencies will gain a better understanding of their acceptance plan systems and associated costs and will have greater confidence in applying economic decision analysis principles to minimize expected costs and optimize statistical acceptance risks.
Severity of Nonnormality in Pavement Quality Assurance
Authors: Uddin Moin , Goodrum Paul M. , Mahboub Kamyar C.
Published: October 2011

Nonnormality in the form of skewness and kurtosis was examined in lot acceptance quality characteristics data from seven state highway agencies for their highway construction quality assurance programs. Lot skewness and kurtosis varied significantly. For most lot data sets, skewness values varied in the range of 0.0 ± 1.0, whereas most kurtosis values varied in the range of 0.0 ± 2.0. The analysis also reveals that, on average, 50% of lot test data sets were nonnormal with 15% of lot data sets having skewness greater than ±1.0 and kurtosis greater than ±2.0. This is a significant finding because most state transportation agencies' pay factor algorithms assume normally distributed lot. Further investigation showed that high skewness and kurtosis were associated with higher lot variability. This variability produced misleading results in regard to inflated Type I error and low power for the F-test. However, the t-test was found to be quite robust for distinguishing mean differences. Significant deviation was observed in lot pay factors based on percent within limits between assumed normal data and normalized data. Effects of nonnormal distribution on the lot pay factor were found to be varied on the basis of the specification limits, the distribution of defective materials on the tails in the case of two-sided limits, and the orientation of the nonnormal distribution itself.
Wisconsin Method for Probing Portland Cement Concrete Pavement for Thickness
Authors: Nasief Haidy Gerges , Whited Gary C. , Loh Wei-Yin
Published: October 2011

Since 1998 the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (DOT) has used contractors' probing measurements instead of coring to determine aportland cement concrete (PCC) pavement thickness. This study compares core depths with probe depths for 13 projects constructed in 2008 and 2009 across the state of Wisconsin. A statistical comparison of sample means, estimates of differences, and an analysis at 95% confidence interval were completed. The results of this study were compared with results of a 1998 study by Wisconsin DOT and a 2008 follow-up study by the Construction and Materials Support Center (CMSC) at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Approximately 69% of the projects studied met the criterion of equal means. In comparison, 25% met the criterion in the 1998 Wisconsin DOT study and 50% in the 2008 CMSC follow-up study. In addition, this study determined the preferred number of cores needed to perform a t-test for future quality verification studies by Wisconsin DOT. The study showed that five to 10 cores are required, depending on the pavement area. When the t-test was done with the ideal number of cores, 100% of the projects studied met the criterion of equal means. The study also compared probing for projects built on granular base versus those on hot-mix asphalt (HMA) base. The results showed that projects built on HMA base had a higher degree of comparison. This study also compared productivity and accuracy of probing with coring and other nondestructive measurement techniques. The study demonstrates that probing is an accurate and efficient method of determining depths of PCC pavement and can replace coring.
Routes of Industrial Heritage: On the Animation of Sedentary Objects
Authors: Rinke Bangstad Torgeir
Published: October 2011

In this article, the recent proliferation of cultural heritage routes and networks will be analyzed as an attempt to animate and revitalize idle artefacts and landscapes. With a specific focus on the sedentary, immobile sites of former industrial production, it will be claimed that the route is an appropriate and understandable way of dealing with industrial sites that have lost their stable place in a sequence of productions. If the operational production site is understood as a place of where, above all, function and efficiency guide the systematic interaction between labour, raw material and technology, then the absence of this order is what makes an abandoned factory seem so isolated and out of place. It becomes disconnected from the web of production of which it was part and from which it gained its meaning and stability. In this regard, it makes sense to think of industrial heritage routes as an effort to bring the isolated site back into place. Following Barbara Kirshenblatt Gimblett, we have come to think of cultural heritage as an opportunity that is granted to artifacts, lifestyles and places of a ’second life’. Industrial heritage routes occasion such a reanimation of former industrial sites according to the principles cultural tourism, place production, professional networking and best practice learning. As a mode of operation, the route has some potential advantages over the bounded, site-specific approach. It extends the historic context of the site in question beyond the isolated, geographical location. Orchestrating sites in a wider heritage network is a way of emphasizing a notion of culture that stresses interaction, movement and encounters with that which lies beyond the local. It may also grant heritage professionals an opportunity to work in closer relation to what goes on elsewhere.
« En haut, il n'y a plus de ciel, en bas, plus de terre ! »
Authors: Jun Tang
Published: October 2011

Résumé Les entreprises d’État sont engagées dans une phase de transformation du régime de propriété depuis la deuxième partie des années 1990. Ce mouvement a entraîné des pertes tant matérielles que symboliques pour les ouvriers, et ceux-ci ont multiplié leurs actions de résistance. Cet article est basé sur une enquête menée dans la province du Henan à l’occasion de la fusion de deux entreprises. Elle montre que la rigueur des mesures de réforme et la dépréciation du capital symbolique des ouvriers, maintenant licenciés et réduits au chômage, les a engagés à agir collectivement. Cette action a pour fondement théorique une réflexion sur l’économie morale de subsistance et sur l’équité dans la redistribution des ressources, et elle débouche dans la pratique sur un appel à la résistance. Nous y avons trouvé une logique cachée qui est celle des mouvements de subsistance, et la résistance s’est développée en usant à la fois des moyens traditionnels d’organisation au sein de la gestion de l’entreprise et en mobilisant la notion de la propriété collective. Ce cas met en avant la nécessité de reprendre la réflexion sociologique sur la reformulation des rapports entre la société et l’État. Il est aussi une illustration de l’aggravation de la fracture sociale et de la nécessité de mettre en œuvre des mesures systématiques de protection des parties les plus fragilisées de la population et de garantir les droits du travail.
Misère de l'État-Providence aux États-Unis : l'exemple de la politique américaine du logement
Authors: Jorion Paul
Published: October 2011

Résumé Il est montré que si la notion d’État-Providence semble à première vue absente aujourd’hui aux États-Unis, d’une part il n’en a pas toujours été ainsi, celui-ci ayant été dominant dans la période dite du New Deal (1933–1941), d’autre part l’État-Providence règne en maître dans le secteur du logement. La délégation de la politique gouvernementale américaine du logement aux organismes mixtes, mi-publics, mi-privés, que sont les Government Sponsored Entities a fait faillite au cours des années récentes, les préoccupations de leurs deux maîtres, le gouvernement d’une part, ses actionnaires et ses dirigeants, de l’autre, s’étant révélées contradictoires : le gouvernement porte en effet prioritairement son attention aux populations défavorisées alors que la logique de profit encourage au contraire l’accent mis sur les services offerts aux propriétaires les plus fortunés.
L'autonomie enfantine à l'épreuve des « surdoués »
Authors: Lignier Wilfried
Published: October 2011

Résumé Le sociologue gagne à s’intéresser à l’ usage de l’autonomie enfantine plutôt qu’à son degré . On se demande ici, à partir d’éléments ethnographiques, si les investissements faits en propre par des enfants dits « surdoués » (ceux qu’ils font en personne, mais aussi en tant que groupe) s’articulent ou non au contexte général d’affirmation et/ou de construction du type d’excellence culturelle auquel correspond leur labellisation. C’est une relative cohérence des pratiques des enfants et des adultes qui peut être observée. La notion d’autonomie enfantine doit sans doute renvoyer, non pas à une liberté accordée à de jeunes « acteurs », mais à une place des enfants dans une enfance donnée, c’est-à-dire dans un ensemble socialement situé de pratiques, concernant des enfants et des adultes.
Travail, valeur et monnaie : dépoussiérage des catégories marxiennes appliquées à la sphère non marchande
Authors: Harribey Jean-Marie
Published: October 2011

Résumé Dans le contexte de délégitimation dont sont victimes les dépenses publiques pour cause de mondialisation de l’économie, le présent texte propose une réfutation logique de l’idée selon laquelle les services non marchands seraient financés par un prélèvement effectué sur une base existant préalablement. Il s’écarte donc tant de la vision libérale que de la vision marxiste traditionnelle, l’une expliquant que les prélèvements obligatoires se font au prix d’une ponction sur l’activité privée, l’autre sur une part de la plus-value produite dans le secteur marchand. En partant d’une définition du travail productif en relation avec les rapports sociaux et d’une généralisation de la notion keynésienne d’anticipation, il s’agit de montrer que les services publics non marchands ont une valeur monétaire non marchande qui n’est pas ponctionnée et détournée mais qui est produite. Le travail effectué au sein des services publics ne s’échange pas contre du capital, mais il s’échange contre du revenu qui est produit à la suite d’une décision collective anticipant l’existence de besoins collectifs. En somme, c’est la dépense publique qui contribue à engendrer l’impôt via le revenu que l’activité publique crée et non l’inverse. Nous en déduisons une nouvelle conception de la richesse sociale.
RESF : une forme originale de critique de la xénophobie
Authors: Fischman Marianne , Fournier Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2011

Face aux discours cherchant à stigmatiser l’étranger, à le présenter comme un danger sinon un problème, le Réseau Éducation Sans Frontières (RESF) construit à double titre une critique plus radicale qu’elle pourrait paraître au premier abord. Le RESF remet en cause les représentations et les perceptions xénophobes de l’altérité par le biais de son entrée tout à fait spécifique sur ce sujet : les enfants scolarisés et leurs familles sans-papiers. Nous montrerons tout d’abord comment cette entrée ne lui permet pas simplement de sensibiliser, du point de vue humanitaire, à sa cause. Elle lui permet surtout de faire découvrir l’autre comme victime exploitée, dépendante, opprimée. Ensuite, le RESF construit cette critique de la xénophobie en utilisant un mode d’organisation tout à fait original : la structure en réseau. Nous montrerons comment celle-ci lui permet d’élaborer une critique sociale là où les organisations traditionnelles n’y parviennent plus.
Sciences humaines et humanité
Authors: Lantz Pierre
Published: October 2011

RÃ©sumÃ© Pendant un siècle, de Durkheim à Bourdieu, la sociologie française universitaire a tenté de mieux répondre que la philosophie aux problèmes des sociétés en se définissant comme une science. La segmentation de l’Université en disciplines autonomes a permis cette affirmation de la sociologie. Garantie par une méthode circonscrite, elle se voulait une science comme les autres. Mais cette indépendance de la sociologie était limitée puisque ses questions et leur traitement lui étaient suggérées par ses commanditaires ou par l’État. Plus elle se voulait libre de tout préjugé, plus elle oubliait sa dépendance de fait et sa limitation aux faits. Ne faudrait-il pas revenir au conseil de Husserl qui demandait aux « fonctionnaires de l’Humanité » de ne pas réduire leurs ambitions aux conditions de fait mais de se référer à nouveau à l’horizon de l’Humanité ?
L'Europe n'est pas une arithmétique
Authors: Prodi Romano
Published: October 2011

Resumé L’Europe des peuples doit combattre les égoïsmes nationaux. Optimiste et réaliste à la fois, le président Romano Prodi rappelle les capacités et l’influence des institutions européennes sur les pays membres. Avec l’arrivée de l’euro, l’Union a pour projet de se donner un nouveau visage économique face aux Etats-Unis.
La responsabilité des générations
Authors: Chauvel Louis
Published: October 2011

Resumé Les générations sont bien plus qu’un fluide passif de l’histoire : elles posent une question de justice. Or les 25 dernières années nous ont confrontés à l’installation d’une fracture silencieuse. Celle-ci représente un appel à s’intéresser au sort de la génération née entre 1955 et 1975 : plus que les autres, elle porte les séquelles de la crise.
Itinéraire : Jacqueline Mengin
Authors: Mengin Jacqueline
Published: October 2011

Resumé Jacqueline Mengin, nouvelle présidente de la Fonda, juriste devenue spécialiste de sociologie rurale, raconte son itinéraire dans le militantisme associatif
Une aussi longue attente
Authors: Cugno Alain
Published: October 2011

Resumé Les conditions dans lesquelles se déroulent les longues peines sont un obstacle à la réinsertion. Le détenu se survit à lui-même, se désocialise... L’administration pénitentiaire est l’une de celles qui ont le plus bougé. Mais les réflexes sécuritaires sont toujours là.
Le détenu, sujet contractant
Authors: Perret Bernard
Published: October 2011

Resumé Le travail en prison n’est pas régi par un véritable contrat. Celui-ci n’existe qu’entre l’administration et des « concessionnaires ». L’administration n’a considéré le travail que dans un rôle « occupationnel ». Il devrait être, pourtant, un levier pour permettre au détenu de faire l’apprentissage d’une démarche de responsabilité.
Penser globalement les migrations
Authors: Simon Gildas
Published: October 2011

Resumé Arrivée, installation, passage, transit, rebondissements : combien de mots pour décrire les parcours des migrants, les nouveaux espaces de circulation. L’opposition entre les pôles de départ – l’Asie, principalement – et d’arrivée – l’Occident et le Japon –, est insatisfaisante. Ni d’abord victime ou criminel, le migrant devient un architecte d’un monde global en reconstruction.
La justice, un lieu éducatif
Authors: Gauliard-Plesse Marie-Laure
Published: October 2011

Resumé Sanctionner, c’est aussi éduquer. Mais l’intervention de la justice face aux mineurs est-elle assez claire et adaptée ?
Fabriquer le droit
Authors: Martinot-Lagarde Pierre
Published: October 2011

Resumé Entre les citoyens, les collectivités et la société, le maillage du droit joue un rôle essentiel. La fonction du Conseil : l’inscrire dans la durée, assurer la réalité d’un Etat de droit.
La spiritualité politique, Michel Foucault et l'Iran
Authors: Chevallier Philippe
Published: October 2011

Resumé Quand Foucault réfléchit aux rapports du spirituel et du politique : alliance ou, plus fondamentalement, rupture ?
Former pour un nouveau métier
Authors: Hervouet Loïc , Lemieux Cyril , Ruellan Denis
Published: October 2011

Resumé Les enjeux de la formation des journalistes, quand les entreprises de presse sont en pleine transformation.
Piloter le « Plu »
Authors: Tessier Pierre
Published: October 2011

Resumé Pierre Tessier est adjoint au maire chargé de l’environnement et de l’urbanisme pour la ville de Juvisy (Essonne), une ville de 220 hectares qui compte environ 12000 habitants. A ce titre, il pilote le «Plu» de la commune.
L'institutionnalisation du débat public
Authors: Fourniau Jean-Michel
Published: October 2011

Resumé Le nouveau cadre du débat public répond à la demande sociale en donnant de nouvelles possibilités d’expression face à de grands projets d’équipement. Le risque est désormais celui d’une routinisation et d’un défaut de légitimité politique.
Critique de la justice sociale selon Hayek
Authors: Légé Philippe
Published: October 2011

Resumé Une doctrine qui associe la liberté économique et un autoritarisme politique éventuellement liberticide.
Partir sans arriver, la migration paradoxale des marins philippins
Authors: Berger Catherine
Published: October 2011

Resumé Mercenaires du commerce mondialisé. Des hommes qui partent et reviennent sans être jamais arrivés nulle part et qui vivent sur le lieu de leur dur travail. Des figures particulières de migrants, marqués par la réussite mais aussi par la souffrance et le « sacrifice ».
Un président symbole et la question raciale
Authors: Ghorra-Gobin Cynthia
Published: October 2011

Resumé Avec l’élection d’Obama, les Etats-Unis reconnaissaient leur diversité sociale, culturelle et sociale. Le candidat n’avait cessé de répéter qu’ils pouvaient dépasser leurs divisions pour se projeter ensemble dans l’avenir. Mais la question raciale n’ait pas vraiment réglée.
Les syndicats, la loi, le contrat et l'histoire
Authors: Groux Guy
Published: October 2011

Après une année 2009 où les conflits sociaux ont connu des accès de violence, la question se pose de leur caractère exceptionnel. Ils témoignent aussi des difficultés des organisations syndicales à rester au contact des travailleurs.
Médias et pouvoirs, des relations de connivence
Authors: Merlant Philippe
Published: October 2011

Resumé Davantage que les pressions directes, c’est le partage d’une même vision du monde qui rend la sphère médiatique si perméable à l’influence des pouvoirs dominants.
Être riche, la classe! (entretien)
Authors: Pinçon Michel , Pinçon-Charlot Monique
Published: October 2011

Resumé Monique Pinçon-Charlot et Michel Pinçon, sociologues, ont consacré leurs travaux à la grande bourgeoisie et à l’aristocratie. Ils ont notamment publié : Le président des riches , Zones, 2010, Les ghettos du gotha , Seuil, 2007, Sociologie de la bourgeoisie , La Découverte, 2005.
Enjeux des politiques de la famille en France
Authors: Martin Claude
Published: October 2011

Resumé Peu de pays européens ont une politique familiale aussi explicite que celle de la France. À l’origine en soutien à toutes les familles, cette politique tend à présent à privilégier les plus vulnérables d’entre elles, et à viser les individus dans la famille. Son avenir dépend fortement des contraintes budgétaires et des jeux d’acteurs.
Sortir de la grande nuit. Essai sur l'Afrique décolonisée
Authors: Urfer Sylvain
Published: October 2011

Achille Mbembe, Sortir de la grande nuit. Essai sur l’Afrique décolonisée , La Découverte, 2010, 252 p., 17 €
Mutations industrielles : les salariés en première ligne
Authors: Claude Franklin
Published: October 2011

Resumé Témoignage – Ces trente dernières années, l’industrie automobile s’est tertiarisée en externalisant une partie de sa production. L’univers du salarié s’est standardisé, limitant ses marges de manœuvre. À charge pour lui d’y retrouver du sens.
Sélectionner des candidats en toute légalité
Authors: Denis Pascale L. , Paré Frédéric , Asselin Sophie
Published: October 2011

Résumé Comment l’organisation peut-elle s’assurer qu’elle ne sélectionne pas des candidats sur la base d’informations discriminatoires? Entre les tests, les entrevues, la prise de références et l’examen médical, que doit-elle choisir afin de se prémunir contre des poursuites éventuelles? Voilà autant de questions relatives à la sélection du personnel qui trouvent un écho dans les lois. Cet article vise à informer les employeurs sur le cadre légal québécois qui s’applique à la sélection (particulièrement les droits fondamentaux des candidats, l’interdiction de la discrimination en emploi et la protection des renseignements personnels). Il fait ressortir l’importance de déterminer clairement les exigences du poste à pourvoir pour qu’en découle un choix avisé d’outils d’évaluation, d’appliquer ces outils rigoureusement et avec discernement et de minimiser le recours aux méthodes d’évaluation intrusives. Fonctions : GRH, management, droit, international
Démystifier les inventaires de personnalité
Authors: Boudrias Jean-Sébastien , Morin Denis
Published: October 2011

Résumé L’expérience et les recherches révèlent que le savoir-être des personnes explique autant, sinon plus, la performance au travail que leur savoir et leur savoir-faire. Le savoir-être réside dans les compétences douces regroupant les qualités personnelles et l’engagement potentiel du candidat dans un milieu de travail. Mais comment peut-on reconnaître les candidats qui possèdent un savoir-être ou une personnalité compatible avec le poste à pourvoir, le contexte de travail et l’organisation? L’article vise à montrer aux gestionnaires comment l’inventaire de personnalité, soit l’analyse approfondie de nombreux traits personnels, du savoir-être et des compétences douces, peut les aider à prendre des décisions en matière de sélection, de promotion et de développement du personnel. Après avoir défini cet outil d’évaluation et en avoir présenté des exemples, nous exposons ses atouts et ses limites. Nous résumons également les règles légales et professionnelles que les employeurs doivent respecter dans la gestion des inventaires de personnalité. De nombreuses recommandations sont faites à l’intention des gestionnaires quant au choix d’un inventaire de personnalité et à ses conditions de succès, tout en précisant que l’inventaire de personnalité doit constituer avant tout un outil d’aide à la décision. Fonctions : GRH, management, psychologie
Abhishiktananda: A Christian advaitin
Authors: Kourie Celia , Kurian Alex
Published: October 2011

In our pluralistic society, the diverse religious traditions offer an opportunity for interreligious dialogue which has as its aim an appreciation of, and respect for, the integrity of individual traditions. Swami Abhishiktananda is a clear example of one who offered an alternative to Christian exclusiveness in his willingness to engage in an inter-spiritual lifestyle in which Eastern and Western mystical traditions are seen to be mutually enriching. By opting to make his own life a crucible to test his beliefs and convictions Abhishiktananda endured lifelong trials and tribulations. His life can broadly be divided into four phases, namely the ‘fulfilment’ phase, with its typical Western triumphalist missionary mentality, followed by the crisis phase thanks to his encounter with Hindu spirituality. This led him to the third phase in which he dared to relativise all conceptualisations as concretisations of the inexpressible Mystery. During the final two years of his life he entered the fourth and the last phase of liberation or ‘explosion’ of all previous concepts. Abhishiktananda spoke of an experience, which he called ati-Advaita, or Advaitatita which is an experience of Unity and Trinity. He claimed that the sages of India were correct to say neither one nor many, but just to say, not-two, advaita, and not-one, an-eka.
Paratesticular Solitary Plasmacytoma
Authors: Onur Mehmet Ruhi , Wandtke Ben , Yao Jorge L , Dogra Vikram S
Published: October 2011

Primary solid neoplasms of the extratesticular tissues are rare. The reported prevalence rate of paratesticular neoplasms is between 3% and 16% of all patients referred for scrotal ultrasonography. A plasmacytoma is a discrete, solitary mass of malignant monoclonal plasma cells that can arise in any part of the body. In this report, we present a case of a paratesticular solid mass detected in an 80-year-old patient that proved to be primary extraosseous plasmacytoma on surgery, and discuss its sonographic features.
Explaining the Unexplained; Expecting the Unexpected: Where Are We with Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy?
Authors: Donner Elizabeth J.
Published: October 2011

Sudden death is over 20 times more frequent in people with epilepsy than the general population. The literature on clinical risk factors is now able to define individuals at the highest risk. Despite these advances in our understanding of risk, the mechanism of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy remains elusive. While it is unlikely that a single mechanism will be found to explain all deaths, there have been recent advances that identify factors that play a critical role. This review provides an update on new advances in the understanding of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.
Classifying Seizures and Epilepsies: Limits of Science and Semantics
Authors: Devinsky Orrin , Najjar Souhel
Published: October 2011

“If I wished to show a student the difficulties of getting at truth from medical experience, I would give him the history of epilepsy to read.” Oliver Wendell Holmes ( 1 )

If the medical experience of epilepsy is obscured by uncertainties, then its classification is mired in the mud of expert opinion. The newly revised terms and concepts for “organizing” (also known as “classifying”) seizures and epilepsy provide a humble and modern perspective, with many superb suggestions ( 2 ). The central points are well articulated and valid: 1) divorcing classification from “expert opinion” and marrying it to science; 2) acknowledging what is unknown; and 3) simplifying and clarifying terminology. Yet, the revision lacks the crisp clarity needed to educate students, patients, and colleagues. And some recommendations lack a clear scientific or semantic basis.
Determination of neodymium (III) in human plasma and environmental samples with poly(allyl glycidyl ether/iminodiacetic acid‐ co‐dimethylacrylamide) brushes grafted onto siliceous support
Authors: Sadeghi Hayedeh Bagheri , Panahi Homayon Ahmad , Ghasemi Maryam , Moniri Elham , Galaev Igor Yu
Published: October 2011

The increased utilization of mechanically stable synthetic matrices, particularly silica gel as a solid support and its surface modification by covalent polymer grafting through a spacer unit for extractive concentration of trace neodymium in human biological fluid and environmental samples are highlighted in the present article. First, silica surface was modified by silylation with 3‐mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane followed by graft polymerization. Modified silica was grafted with polymer containing a functional monomer for metal chelating, poly[1‐(N, N‐bis‐carboxymethyl)amino‐3‐allylglycerol‐co ‐dimethylacrylamide] (poly(AGE/IDA‐co‐DMAA). The resulting sorbent has been characterized by FTIR, elemental analysis, FT‐Raman, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sorption capacity of the functionalized sorbent was 53.3 mg g−1. The chelating sorbent can be reused for 15 cycles of sorption–desorption without any significant change in sorption capacity. The profile of neodymium uptake on this sorbent reflects good accessibility of the chelating sites in the poly(AGE/IDA‐co‐DMAA)‐grafted silica gel. Scatchard analysis revealed that the homogeneous binding sites were formed in the polymers. The equilibrium adsorption data of Nd(III) on modified sorbent were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Redlich–Peterson models. The method was successfully applied for determination of neodymium ions in human plasma and sea water sample. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 31: 257–270, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20249
Coffin–Lowry syndrome and left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy with a restrictive pattern
Authors: Martinez Hugo R. , Niu Mary C. , Sutton V. Reid , Pignatelli Ricardo , Vatta Matteo , Jefferies John L.
Published: October 2011

Coffin–Lowry syndrome (CLS) is an X‐linked dominant condition characterized by moderate to severe mental retardation, characteristic facies, and hand and skeletal malformations. The syndrome is due to mutations in the gene that encodes the ribosomal protein S6 kinase‐2, a growth factor‐regulating protein kinase located on Xp22.2. Cardiac anomalies are known to be associated with CLS. Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by left ventricular (LV) myocardial trabeculations and intertrabecular recesses that communicate with the LV cavity. Patients may present with a variety of clinical phenotypes, ranging from a complete absence of symptoms to a rapid, progressive decline in LV systolic and diastolic function, resulting in congestive heart failure, malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and systemic thromboembolic events. Restrictive cardiomyopathy is an uncommon primary cardiomyopathy characterized by biatrial enlargement, normal or decreased biventricular volume, impaired ventricular filling, and normal or near‐normal systolic function. We describe a patient with CLS and LVNC with a restrictive pattern, as documented by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. To our knowledge, there have been no previous reports of concomitant CLS and LVNC. On the basis of our case, we suggest that patients with CLS be screened not only for congenital structural heart defects but also for LVNC cardiomyopathy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Drug release from electrospun fibers of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) grafted with poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone)
Authors: Wang Wei , Cao Jianda , Lan Ping , Wu Wen
Published: October 2011

Poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) groups were grafted onto poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) backbone to modify the properties of PHBV and synthesize a new novel biocompatible graft copolymer. Based on these graft copolymers, electrospun fiber mats and commonly cast films were explored as drug delivery vehicles using tetracycline hydrochloride as a model drug. Toward that end, the fibers were electrospun and the films were cast from chloroform solutions containing a small amount of methanol to solubilize the drug. The Brookfield viscosities of the solution were determined to achieve the optimal electrospinning conditions. The vitro release of the tetracycline hydrochloride from these new drug delivery systems was followed by UV–vis spectroscopy. To probe into the factors affected on the release behavior of these drug delivery systems, their water absorbing abilities in phosphate buffer solution were investigated, together with their surface hydrophilicity, porosity and crystallization properties were characterized by water contact angles, capillary flow porometer, DSC, and WAXD, respectively. The morphological changes of these drug delivery vehicles before and after release were also observed with SEM. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Ultrasonic properties and morphology of devulcanized rubber blends
Authors: Zhu Shui‐Han , Penlidis Alexander , Tzoganakis Costas , Ginzel Ed
Published: October 2011

The ultrasonic properties of two devulcanized rubber (DR) blends with a styrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SBS) copolymer compound (ACE) are investigated using a transmission method. The DR materials are obtained from commercial rubber crumbs (RC) by a proprietary devulcanization technique. Measurements on the acoustic attenuation and travel velocity are conducted on the samples with different sample thicknesses in the pulsed mode. Attenuation coefficients of the materials are obtained by changing the frequency of the ultrasound in the tuned tone‐burst mode. The two DR/ACE blends show marked differences in the attenuation and attenuation coefficient, although the ultrasonic velocities are similar. These differences arise from the variation of the remaining degree of crosslinking in the DR materials. The acoustic velocities in the three materials are similar. The morphologies of the DR/ACE blend samples, observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with different staining agents, explain their similarities and differences. There are two crops of rubber particles: larger ones belong to the original rubber crumbs that survived devulcanization; the smaller ones are fragments of partially DR. These crosslinked particles contribute to the overall degree of crosslinking in the blends. The devulcanized fractions of the DR materials are dispersed in the ACE matrix. Scattering at the interface accounts for the differences in the acoustic attenuation of the samples. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Fabrication and characterization of silk fibroin/poly(ethylene glycol)/cellulose nanowhisker composite films
Authors: Li Rongji , Zhang Yanhong , Zhu Liangjun , Yao Juming
Published: October 2011

The flexible and transparent composite films were fabricated by a mixture of silk fibroin (SF), poly(ethylene glycol), and mulberry cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs). The CNWs were uniformly dispersed in the matrix when its content was as high as 12 w/w%. The tensile properties of composite films generally depended on the nanowhisker content, but significantly improved when compared to the pure SF film. DMA analysis revealed that the alpha transition temperature increased gradually with the increase of nanowhisker content, probably due to the formation of interactions between the nanowhiskers and the SF molecular chains, leading to the mobility reduction of the amorphous SF. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Vapour pressure and vapourisation enthalpy of pyridine N‐oxide
Authors: Zeng Zuo‐Xiang , Chen Jing , Xue Wei‐Lan , Zhang Pan , Xie Yuan
Published: October 2011

The vapour pressure of pyridine N‐oxide was measured using a boiling point method at different temperatures from 389.02 to 546.33 K and the constants of the Antoine equation for the substance were determined. The vapourisation enthalpy of pyridine N‐oxide at the normal boiling point is calculated to be 58.8 ± 1.8 kJ mol−1. Based on Othmer's method, the standard enthalpy of vapourisation ${\rm \Delta }_{{\rm vap}} H(298.15\;{\rm K})$ is estimated to be 66.6 ± 0.1 kJ mol−1 by using pyridine as the reference substance. Furthermore, Watson equation is employed to verify the reliability of ${\rm \Delta }_{{\rm vap}} H(298.15\,{\rm K})$and the results demonstrate that the value of ${\rm \Delta }_{{\rm vap}} H(298.15\;{\rm K})$ is acceptable. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Hydrothermal Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Two Layered Nickel(II) Coordination Polymers Based on 1,2,3‐Benzenetricarboxylic Acid
Authors: Wang Jing , Xu Min , Song Lingying , Liu Zhaoqing
Published: October 2011

The hydrothermal reactions of Ni(II), 1,2,3‐benzenetricarboxylic acid (1,2,3‐H3btc) and 4,4′‐bipyridine (4,4′‐bpy)/1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethane (bpa) yield two layered nickel(II) coordination polymers, [Ni2(1,2,3‐btc)(OAc)‐(4,4′‐bpy)2(H2O)]·2H2O (1) and [Ni(ip)(bpa)] (2) (ip=isophthalate), respectively. Both complexes are 2‐D coordination network based on 1‐D Ni‐carboxylate chains. The 1,2,3‐btc ligand adopts 3‐bridging mode in complex1, but transformed to isophthalate (ip) ligand through decarboxylation in2. The formation of the two complexes indicates that hydrothermal conditions andin‐situ ligand reaction have significant effect on constructing coordination polymers.
MgO Nanoparticles as a Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Polyhydroquinoline Derivatives under Solvent Free Conditions
Authors: Ranjbar‐Karimi Reza , Hashemi‐Uderji Somayeh , Bazmandegan‐Shamili Alireza
Published: October 2011

Magnesium oxide nanopartticels in average size between 35–120 nm were prepared by sonochemistry method. Synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives using MgO nanoparticles from the reaction of dimedone, benzaldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate under solvent‐free conditions is reported. Easy handling, reusability, thermal stability and non‐toxicity of the catalyst make the present protocol as an eco‐friendly and economically acceptable method for synthesis of these heterocycles.
Convenient One Pot Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of Some New Mannich Bases Carrying 1,2,4‐Triazolyl Moiety
Authors: Arafa Wael A. A. , Mohamed Asmaa S.
Published: October 2011

A series of Mannich bases were synthesized by a three‐component Mannich reaction. The newly synthesized compounds were well characterized by elemental analyses, IR, NMR and mass spectroscopic studies. The potential antibacterial effects of the synthesized compounds were investigated using standard bacterial strains: Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. Interestingly, all the synthesized compounds were observed to be promising leads, possessing moderate to significant inhibitory activity as compared to standard.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Hydrolysis of a Novel Anhydrogalactosucrose: 2′‐Methoxyl‐O‐1′,4′:3′,6′‐dianhydro‐β‐D‐fructofuranosyl 3,6‐anhydro‐4‐chloro‐4‐deoxy‐α‐D‐galactopyranoside
Authors: Zhang Jingyu , Hou Xuehui , Liu Hongmin
Published: October 2011

A novel anhydrogalactosucrose derivative 2′‐methoxyl‐O‐1′,4′:3′,6′‐dianhydro‐β‐D‐fructofuranosyl 3,6‐anhydro‐4‐chloro‐4‐deoxy‐α‐D‐galactopyranoside (4) was prepared from 3,6:1′,4′:3′,6′‐trianhydro‐4‐chloro‐4‐deoxy‐galactosucrose (3) via a facile method and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D NMR spectra. The single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis shows that the title molecule forms a two thee‐dimensional network structure by two kinds of hydrogen bond interactions [O(2)H(2)···O(7), O(5)H(5)···O(8)]. Its stability was investigated by acid hydrolysis reaction treated with sulfuric acid, together with the formation of 1,6‐Di‐O‐methoxy‐4‐chloro‐4‐deoxy‐β‐D‐galactopyranose (5) and 2,2‐Di‐C‐methoxy‐1,4:3,6‐dianhydromannitol (6). According to the result, the relative stability of the ether bonds in the structure is in the order: C(1)OC(5)≈C(3′)OC(6′)≈C(1′)OC(4′)>C(3)OC(6)≈C(1)OC(2′)>C(2′)OC(5′).
A New Fluorescent Chemosensor for Metal Ions Based upon 1,8‐Naphthalimide and 8‐Hydroxyquinoline
Authors: Xu Hui , Zeng Xiwen , Dai Huiling
Published: October 2011

A new fluorescent chemosensor based upon 1,8‐naphthalimide and 8‐hydroxyquinoline was synthesized, and its fluorescent properties in the presence of different metal cations (Hg2+, Ag+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, and Ba2+) were investigated. It displayed fluorescence quenching with some heavy and transition metal (HTM) ions, and the quenching strongly depended on the nature of HTM ions.
A Supramolecular Hydrogel Inspired by Elastin
Authors: Ding Lei , Wang Shufang , Wu Wenjie , Hu Yuehan , Yang Cuihong , Tan Ming , Kong Deling , Yang Zhimou
Published: October 2011

Self‐assembly prevails in nature and learning from nature will lead to biofunctional materials. Inspired by the protein of elastin, we reported in this study on a supramolecular hydrogel bearing the elastin repeating peptide of VPGAG. The visco‐elasticity property, morphology of the nanostructures, and aromatic stacking in the self‐assembled nanostructure were characterized by a rheometry, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and fluorescence microscope, respectively. The biocompatibility of the gelator was also proved by an MTT assay. Though the supramolecular hydrogel failed to exhibit a high elasticity like elastin, the thixotropic hydrogel might have potentials for the applications in fields of cell culture, controlled‐drug release, etc.
A New Efficient Synthetic Method for 3‐Iodothyronamine and Its Potent Hypothermic Efficacy
Authors: Kim Joong‐Gon , Song Young‐Kyu , Jeon Su‐Yeon , Lim Ye‐Ji , Ju Hyunwoo , Choi Inho , Chung Chan‐Moon
Published: October 2011

We developed a new efficient synthetic method for a 3‐iodothyronamine (T1AM) that has advantages of less synthetic steps and much higher overall yield compared to those in the conventional method. Our animal study showed that T1AM synthesized by the method exerted a potent hypothermic effect in non‐hibernator mice.
Histologic grading of the extent of residual carcinoma following neoadjuvant chemoradiation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chatterjee Deyali , Katz Matthew H. , Rashid Asif , Varadhachary Gauri R. , Wolff Robert A. , Wang Hua , Lee Jeffrey E. , Pisters Peter W. T. , Vauthey Jean‐Nicolas , Crane Christopher , Gomez Henry F. , Abbruzzese James L. , Fleming Jason B. , Wang Huamin
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND:

Several grading schemes for the extent of residual tumor in posttreatment pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) specimens have been proposed. However, the prognostic significance of these grading schemes is unknown.

METHODS:

Histopathologic slides of 223 cases who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation and PD were reviewed. The extent of residual tumor was graded using both the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and the Evans grading systems. The grading results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and survival.

RESULTS:

Among the 223 patients, 6 patients (2.7%) showed pathologic complete response (pCR; CAP grade 0 or Evans grade IV), 36 cases (16.1%) had minimal residual tumor (CAP grade 1 or Evans grade III), 124 cases (55.6%) had moderate response (CAP grade 2 or Evans grade IIb), and 57 cases (25.6%) had poor response (CAP grade 3, where 18 had Evans grade I and 39 had Evans grade IIa response). Patients with pCR or minimal residual tumor (response group 1) had better survival rates than those with moderate and poor response (response group 2). Response group 1 patients had lower posttherapy tumor and American Joint Committee on Cancer stages and lower rates of lymph node metastasis, positive resection margin, and recurrence and/or metastasis. Grading the extent of residual tumor is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:

pCR or minimal residual tumor in posttreatment PD specimens correlate with better survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who received neoadjuvant therapy and PD. Histologic grading of the extent of residual tumor in PD specimen is an important prognostic factor in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who received neoadjuvant therapies. Cancer 2012;118: 3182–90. © 2011 American Cancer Society.