bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kaija Saariaho and Her Laterna Magica
Authors:   The Gnesin Russian Academy of Music, Tsaregradskaya Tatiana V.
Published: January 2022

Nowadays Kaija Saariaho is one of the most successful composers in the field of contemporary classical music. A former student of Tristan Murail, she works in the direction initiated by socalled spectral composition, composing extremely colourful and poetic pieces that are highly appreciated by music critics. One of her orchestra compositions, Laterna Magica, based on the memoirs by Ingmar Bergman and commissioned by the Berliner Philharmoniker Orchestra, premiered in 2009 and became a hit — it was performed more than thirty times after the premiere. This successful piece is the main object of the analysis which is performed according to ideas of Saariaho expressed in her theoretical articles. One of the most interesting ideas about music form proposed by the composer is the idea of “polyphony of processes”, which means that different parameters of composition are realized in different schemes that do not intersect but act as separate phenomena creating an impression of both independence of the parameters and their interaction at the same time. Such parameters as rhythm, melodic ideas, application of text, tempos, textures and their combinations as well as orchestration and harmony have their own profile and are constructed according to different schemes. Besides music itself, a text by Saariaho written for the premiere of the piece is analysed and interpreted as a special case of a “composer’s vision” which shows specific angles in the author’s perception.
Theology of education: An introduction to the subject
Authors:   Ss. Cyril and Methodius Theological Institute of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies, Shmonin Dmitrii V.
Published: January 2022

The article introduces the subject of theology of education, presented by the author as one of the forms of philosophy of education. The close relationship between education and religion is most clearly seen in the Christian educational paradigm, within which the school and university have developed into a system of translatio studiorum and formation of human personality. The Christian idea of education is based on the principles of dogmatic doctrine and theological anthropology. Its main goal is to develop an individual’s personality, based on the highest example — the image and life of Jesus Christ. Theology fulfilled a standard-setting function in education until the beginning of the Modern Age. Pope Pius XI’s encyclical “Divini illius Magistri” (1929) provided impetus to the development of modern theological thought about education in the West. Formed at the same time as the philosophy of education (after the Second World War), theology of education appeared as a reflection in which new fields of research, new approaches and new methods of joint activity of theologians and teachers are analyzed and constructed (Giuseppe Groppo, Pedro Gil Larrañaga, Enrique García Ahumada et al.). Separately, one can speak about the theology of education in Protestant denominations (Paul Tillich et al.). In Orthodox thought, perhaps the only figure in the theology of education is protopresbyter Vasily Zenkovsky (1881–1962), whose teaching reveals the depth of Orthodox approaches to education and gives relevant material for modern Orthodox theology of education, in demand in the 21st century. The article is dedicated to the 140th мanniversary of the birth of Father Vasily Zenkovsky.
Tradition and contemporary architecture of Orthodox churches: Image and meaning
Authors:   Moscow Architectural Institute, Shvidkovsky Dmitry O. , Revzina Yulia E. ,   Moscow Architectural Institute
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to one of the most striking problems of contemporary church construction in Russia — the formation of artistic images of newly erected churches and determination of meaning in their architecture. Today, the mentality of architects, patrons and the parish is primarily determined by the traditional approaches to the creation of new churches. Simultaneously, many architects are longing to find innovative meaning and artistic structures, noting that only these attempts are able to express the present-day emotions of believers. It is also essential to define the features of the cultural code of modern architecture for the Russian Orthodox church. The church hierarchy, believers and scholars, including foreigners, proceed from the idea of Russian Orthodox architecture’s unique identity. The recognizable image of the churches is determined by the constant interest in late medieval decoration from the time of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich as the main artistic source and its interpretation by masters of the Neo-Russian style of the 19th — beginning of 20th centuries. The article emphasizes that national identity in Russian Orthodox church architecture is not a combination of immanent features, but a historical process of treasuring artistic character and the formation of meaning over several centuries. At the current time, it is vital to turn to all the creative and meaningful wealth in the development of Russian Orthodox churches, and it is better to seek innovation from within traditional images and meanings, based on the sacred experience of our church. This will support the creation of new churches, which are comparable to the standards of the Russian Orthodox architectural heritage in its artistic variety and semantic profoundness.
Apologetic and educational tasks of Orthodox theology in regards to F. M. Dostoevsky’s spiritual insights (on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the writer’s birth)
Authors:   North Caucasus Federal University, Lagunov Aleksey A.
Published: January 2022

The article attempts to define the most important tasks of modern Orthodox theology by analyzing the spiritual insights of the great Russian writer and philosopher F. M. Dostoevsky. The thinker wrote about the need to educate the Russian people in a Christian spirit in order for them to fulfill their worldwide mission. Russian university theology today is being formed in the conditions of worldview, ideological and religious pluralism. Differentiation of theological science and education on the basis of confessions is optimal in the current situation according to the author of the article. For Orthodox theology, the theoretical and methodological foundation should be, first of all, Holy Scripture and Holy Tradition, the richest experience of Eastern Christianity transmitted to Ancient Rus by Byzantium, patristic works and the works of a great many brilliant Orthodox theologians. Also, the spiritual and intellectual achievements of Russian religious philosophers, who, not without mistakes, strove to transfer the richest heritage of Orthodox thought into the secular language should be included. The analysis of Dostoevsky’s literary works, diaries, and notebooks, one of the most distinctive representatives of Russian metaphysics, determined the conclusion of the author of the article that for modern Orthodox theology, the most important tasks are apologetic and enlightenment. They are aimed at protecting the Christian faith from the multitude of myths that developed during the period of apostasy. In addition, these tasks are meant to cultivate knowledge about Orthodoxy and other traditional religions for Russia, both among young people and the older generations.
Sacred history of the Old Testament biblical state: Religious and political context
Authors:   Don Theological Seminary, Fetisov Archpriest Timofey
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the consideration of the place and role of the political factor as an instrument of Divine Providence, realized in the Sacred history of the biblical state. The exodus from Egypt became a manifestation of the supernatural political power of God. The Decalogue was not only a religious and ethical code, but also the actual constitution of the Hebrew state. Fulfillment of the Ten Commandments, brought down by Moses, and obedience to God went beyond the scope of religious duty, being a means of realizing national identity and citizenship. The establishment of the institution of the kingdom in Israel was the development of the idea of a theocracy, in which the monarch was assigned the sacred function of an intermediary between God and the people, and the keeper of Divine laws. The disintegration of the statehood of Israel in the prophetic writings was closely associated with the fall of the entire people and the breakdown of the union with God. Its revival was expected as a result of repentance. The destruction of the temple, the loss of shrines and the fall of the monarchy were perceived as a coherent phenomenon. At the same time, the hope for political liberation of the people and the restoration of the union with God were closely linked with the reconstruction of the monarchy, which acquired a religious and messianic significance. The opposition of the Pharisees to Christ and the death sentence to the Savior had a pronounced political implication.
Diodore of Tarsus, “Commentary on the Psalms” (Psalms 1–4)
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Frangulian Liliia R. ,   Moscow State Linguistic University, Shirikov Aleksei A. ,   Jesus Portal
Published: January 2022

The article introduces into scientific circulation the text of Diodore of Tarsus Commentary on the Psalms. The explanation of the first four psalms was translated into Russian from ancient Greek for the first time and is accompanied by scientific commentary. The preface to the translation contains brief information about the author and his work: Diodore of Tarsus is considered a prominent and important theologian of the Antiochian school, however, almost all of his works have been lost. The exclusiveness of the Commentary on the Psalms is that it is one of the earliest examples of the typically Antiochian way of exegesis. Even though authoritative manuscripts that contain the Commentary are not signed with the name of the Tarsian bishop, researchers argue that this text belongs to him. The preface also provides information on Diodore’s style, the advantages and disadvantages of his approach. The bishop of Tarsus suggested a classification of the psalms, and the exegesis of the first four psalms allows us to see by example the peculiarities of each of the types proposed by the bishop. The Commentary on the Psalms by Diodore of Tarsus provides modern scholars the opportunity to analyze this important material on the subject of the state of biblical exegesis in the second half of the 4th century.
Application of the Rural Water Sustainability Index (RWSI) in Amazon rural communities, Pará, Brazil
Authors: Crispim Diego Lima , Fernandes Lindemberg Lima
Published: January 2022

This paper proposes an adaptation of the Rural Water Sustainability Index (RWSI) to the Brazilian Amazon region. Policymakers can use this tool to identify areas of water stress and develop actions to guarantee water access to rural communities. Multi-criteria analysis and a geographical information system were integrated to incorporate various indicators and produce maps displaying spatial water sustainability levels in rural communities. The RWSI was employed on a case study at 16 rural communities in Santa Luzia do Pará, Pará, Brazil. In total, 380 closed and structured interviews were conducted with people living in the area to collect local information for the model application. The results showed a varied spatial behavior between rural communities of Santa Luzia do Pará, with similarities and differences based on the overall condition of water resources (final index values). Half of the locations had ‘Poor’ or ‘Poor-Medium’ water quality. The remaining sample obtained scores ranging from ‘Medium-Good’ to ‘Good’ water sustainability. RWSI scores varied widely (from 5.7 to 6.5) among the communities. It was also found that localities more distant from surface water presented more water stress.
Application of Meshless local Petrov-Galerkin approach for steady state groundwater flow modeling
Authors: Mohtashami Ali , Monfared Seyed Arman Hashemi , Azizyan Gholamreza , Akbarpour Abolfazl
Published: January 2022

The complicated behavior of groundwater system in an arid aquifer is generally studied by solving the governing equations using either analytical or numerical methods. In this regard, analytical methods are just for some aquifers with regular boundaries. Numerical methods used for this aim are finite difference (FDM) and finite element methods (FEM) which are engaged for some simple aquifers. Using them in the complex cases with irregular boundaries has some shortcomings, dependent on meshes. In this study, meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) method based on the moving kriging (MK) approximation function is used to simulate groundwater flow in steady state over three aquifers, two standard and a real field aquifer. Moving kriging function known as new function which reduces the uncertain parameter. For the first aquifer, a simple rectangular aquifer, MLPG-MK indicates good agreement with analytical solutions. In the second one, aquifer conditions get more complicated. However, MLPG-MK reveals results more accurate than FDM. RMSE for MLPG-MK and FDM is 0.066 and 0.322 m respectively. In the third aquifer, Birjand unconfined aquifer located in Iran is investigated. In this aquifer, there are 190 extraction wells. The geometry of the aquifer is irregular as well. With this challenging issues, MLPG-MK again shows satisfactory accuracy. As the RMSE for MLPG-MK and FDM are 0.483 m and 0.566 m. therefore, planning for this aquifer based on the MLPG-MK is closer to reality.
INSTITUTION OF CREDIT CONSUMER COOPERATION: RESTRICTIONS AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Authors: GOLOVKO Vadim B.
Published: January 2022

The article provides a general description of the essence and specific characteristics of consumer credit cooperatives (CCC) as well as the assessment of degree of relevance of the issue of CCC development in the context of increasing financial accessibility in different territories of the Russian Federation. The author defines the scale of activity of credit consumer cooperation in relation to the microfinance sector, the savings and loan market of the Russian Federation as a whole and in relation to the sector of credit cooperation in other countries, including the percentage of involvement of the population of different countries in the processes of mutual financial assistance of the CCC. The historical context of the development of credit consumer cooperation in Russia is also briefly reviewed, and its quantitative parameters in the past and current periods are compared. The author determines the place of the modern institution of the CCC in the financial market of the Russian Federation in the context of the concepts of mass and niche, taking into account the specifics of the target audience and the predominant area of activity of credit cooperatives. In this regard, the following limitations and potential advantages are highlighted. The research has resulted in proposals to increase the competitiveness of the CCC in the savings and loan market. These suggestions are made in order to transform the sector towards a growth trend through the preservation of the key mechanics of the traditional service of credit cooperatives, which determine a high degree of loyalty of shareholders. The author’s ideas are combined with the addition of the practice of CCC activities with a set of modern functions, the provision of which is conditioned by both the cooperatives technological platforms and the form of organizing key internal processes. The final conclusion of the present work is that it is the implementation of such a dual strategy that will increase the competitiveness of the institution of credit cooperation and will ensure a return to the trend of its quantitative growth and qualitative development.
Promotion of Cervical Cancer Cell Proliferation by miR-130b Expression
Level Changes and Inhibition of its Apoptosis by Targeting CDKN1A
Gene
Authors: Mu Hong , Wang Yanli , Yang Lei , Fan Caihong , Han Munan , Liu Tao , Xie Lili , Gao Qiang
Published: January 2022

Background:

Dysregulation of miR-130b expression is associated with the development
of different cancers. However, the description of the biological roles of miR-130b in the growth
and survival of cervical cancer cells is limited.

Method:

The miR-130b levels in cervical cancer cells during different stages of growth were determined
using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The methylation level of DNA sequences upstream
of the miR-130b gene was measured using an SYBR Green-based quantitative methylation-
specific PCR. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and fluorescence report
assays were used to identify the miR-130b-targeted gene. Cell counting kit-8 and comet assays
were used to determine cell viability and DNA damage levels in cells, respectively. EdU Apopllo488
In Vitro Flow Cytometry kit, propidium iodide staining, anti-γ-H2AX antibody staining, and
Annexin-V apoptosis kit were subsequently used to determine DNA synthesis rates, cell cycle distribution,
count of DNA double-strand breaks, and levels of apoptotic cells.

Result:

miR-130b levels increased at exponential phases of the growth of cervical cancer cells but
reduced at stationary phases. The methylation of a prominent CpG island near the transcript start
site suppressed the miR-130b gene expression. MiR-130b increased cell viability, promoted both
DNA synthesis and G1 to S phase transition of the cells at exponential phases, but reduced cell viability
accompanied by accumulations of DNA breaks and augmentations in apoptosis rates of the
cells in stationary phases by targeting cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A mRNA.

Conclusion:

miR-130b promoted the growth of cervical cancer cells during the exponential phase,
whereas it impaired the survival of cells during stationary phases.
Promising New Antimalarial Combination Drugs: Garlic and Arteether in
Pregnant Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei
Authors: Govindan Vathsala Palakkod , Purushothama Krishna Murthy
Published: January 2022

Background:

Antimalarial prescription remains a challenge in pregnant women because of
maternal and fetal complications. Recently, garlic and α-β-arteether combination treatment in malariainfected
mice conferred protection. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of these drugs
during malaria in pregnancy and its safety measures.

Objective:

The study evaluates the efficacy of arteether and garlic combination drugs in protection
against malaria-infected pregnant mice.

Methods:

Plasmodium berghei-infected pregnant mouse model was used to assess the combination
drug efficacy and the outcome of abnormalities of the disease after drug treatment. After optimizing
the dose and gestation period, maternal protection was confirmed by parasite clearance in smear and
mortality observation. In addition, maternal hematological parameters, different organ histopathology,
and IgG levels were documented along with the fetal and infant outcomes.

Results:

Arteether monotherapy resulted in spontaneous fetal abortion or resorption, while dosage
optimization and garlic combination resulted in pregnancy completion and malaria protection. The
derangements observed in the histoarchitecture of organs and hematological parameters caused by
malaria infection revealed improvement after drug treatment, and the smear observation confirms the
clearance of malaria parasite in the peripheral blood, but IgG level was maintained at the same higher
level as in malaria-infected mice.

Conclusions:

The first report of an arteether and garlic combination demonstrating high efficacy in
protecting against malaria-infected pregnant mice establishes its safety as a viable possible treatment
for pregnancy-associated malaria.
Production of Urea/Acetylated-lignin Sulfonate Matrix as SRFs
and an Investigation on the Effect of Hydrodynamic Conditions on
Release Rate Using the Biot Number
Authors: Moradi Samira , Shayesteh Keivan , Mohammadzadeh Qasem
Published: January 2022

Background:

This study aimed to investigate the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on
the release rate of urea/acetylated lignin sulfonate (Ac-LS) matrix as slow-release fertilizers
(SRFs). Therefore, two models were developed using the mass transfer balance for the determination
of finite/infinite volume of fluids and solving finite integral transformation/separation of a variable.
The Biot number, validating the hydrodynamic condition, was found in these models.

Methods:

In this study, the urea/Ac-LS matrix fertilizer was prepared. The morphological, thermal,
chemical, and mechanical properties of the LS, Ac-LS, urea, and urea/Ac-LS matrix were analyzed
using Fe-SEM, TGA, XRD, and SANTAM. Finally, the nitrogen release of the matrix fertilizer
was investigated at 25°C for different impeller speeds. The models were also validated using the
experimental data.

Results:

The results showed that the thermal and mechanical resistance of urea/Ac-LS due to
strong interaction increased compared to pure urea or Ac-LS. The results further showed that the
external resistance on the mass transfer decreased as the impeller speed increased, and the nitrogen
release rate increased as the Biot number increased in both the states, i.e., finite and infinite.

Conclusion:

It was also observed that the release rate in the finite environment was less than that
of the infinite one in the given hydrodynamic condition initially; however, the type of environment
did not affect the release rate after a while.
Mental disorders elderly in rural areas during COVID-19 pandemic in Bali Indonesia
Authors: Diniari Ni Ketut Sri
Published: January 2022

Detection of mental disorders in the elderly are using the Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) screening/questionnaire, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and/or or based on structured interviews. The elderly who had complete screening and interview data were included in the study sample, i.e., 85 people. From 85 elderly as a participant, 65 people (76.4%) had a good cognitive, 10 (11.7%) moderate cognitive, and 5 severe cognitive (5.8%), but their daily activities were still good. The results of the screening GDS showed 70 people with mild depression (82.4%), moderate depression in 13 people (15.3%) and 2 people with severe depression (2.3%). The results of the screening with DASS show 15 elderly people with depression (17.5%), 55 people with anxiety (65%) and 15 people experiencing stress (17.5%). Screening for elderly sleep quality with the PSQI for elderly showed 60 people with disrupted sleep quality (70.5%) and 15 people with good sleep quality (17.6%). A 68 people elderly (80%) complained of mild pain and 17 people (20%) with moderate pain by screening using the VAS, where the location of the pain varied in the body and leg areas.
Primer registro del género Pseudohydnum (Exidiaceae, Auriculariales, Basidiomycota) para Cuba
Authors: Castro Hernández Lázaro , Camino Vilaró Mayra , Abreu Herrera Yudisleidys
Published: January 2022

Antecedentes y Objetivos: El género Pseudohydnum se caracteriza por desarrollar basidiomas gelatinosos con himenóforo hidnoide, fragmobasidios longitudinalmente divididos y basidiosporas de subglobosas a elipsoides. A nivel mundial posee una amplia distribución, aunque no se registra para la micobiota cubana. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo reportar la presencia del género Pseudohydnum y particularmente a P. gelatinosum, en Cuba.
Métodos: Los especímenes fueron recolectados en la provincia de Mayabeque, Cuba. Se registraron sus características morfológicas y datos de campo; posteriormente fueron depositados en la colección micológica del herbario HAC, del Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, perteneciente al Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente de Cuba.
Resultados clave: Se registra por primera ocasión el género Pseudohydnum en Cuba, representado por P. gelatinosum. Se brindan datos de la especie, así como fotos macro y microscópicas de algunas de sus estructuras, para comparar con otras especies del género.
Conclusiones: Se amplía el área de distribución de Pseudohydnum gelatinosum y se reafirma la importancia de continuar realizando expediciones en sitios donde no existen muestreos micológicos previos.
Systematic illiquidity, characteristic illiquidity, and stock returns: Timeseries analysis
Authors:   College of Business Administration, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia, et al. Soltane
Published: January 2022

The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between illiquidity and stock prices on the Tunisian stock exchange. While previous researches tended to focus on one form of illiquidity to examine this relationship, our study unifies three forms of illiquidity at the same time. Indeed, we simultaneously consider illiquidity as systematic risk, as a characteristic of the market, and as a characteristic of the stock. The aggregate illiquidity of the market is the average of individual stock illiquidity. The illiquidity risk is the sensitivity of the stock price to illiquidity shocks. Shocks of market illiquidity are estimated by the innovations in the expected market illiquidity. Results show that investors on the Tunisian stock exchange do not require higher returns when they expect a rise of market illiquidity, whereas investors on U.S markets are compensated for higher expected market illiquidity. In addition, shocks of market illiquidity provoke a fall in stock prices of small caps, while large caps are not sensitive to market illiquidity shocks. This differs slightly from results based on U.S. data where illiquidity shocks reduce all stock prices but most notably those of small caps. Robustness tests validate our findings. Our results are consistent with previous studies which reported that the “zero-return” ratio predicts significantly the return-illiquidity relationship on emerging markets.
Внутридоплеровские резонансы, обусловленные фотоионизацией атомов в тонких газовых ячейках
Authors: Измайлов А.Ч.
Published: January 2022

By analogy with the well-tested method of high-resolution spectroscopy in thin gas cells for the processes of optical pumping of atoms, this work shows the possibility of detecting narrow sub-Doppler optical resonances caused directly by straight photoionization of atoms (or molecules) in such cells. The structure of the established nontrivial resonances substantially depends on the probability of photoionization of atoms and dimensions of such a cell, the internal thickness of which is many times smaller than its diameter. Of particular interest is the broadening of the considered sub-Doppler resonances, which is determined directly by the photoionization cross section of atoms and the intensity of radiation causing ionization. Under certain conditions, such photoionization broadening can be measured experimentally with high accuracy, as a result of which it is possible to obtain new important information about ionization processes in atoms and molecules.
A Systematic Exploration of InGaN/GaN Quantum Well-Based Light Emitting Diodes on Semipolar Orientations -=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Das Aparna
Published: January 2022

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on group III-nitride semiconductors (GaN, AlN, and InN) are crucial elements for solid-state lighting and visible light communication applications. The most widely used growth plane for group III-nitride LEDs is the polar plane (c-plane), which is characterized by the presence of a polarization-induced internal electric field in heterostructures. It is possible to address long-standing problems in group III-nitride LEDs, by using semipolar and nonpolar orientations of GaN. In addition to the reduction in the polarization-induced internal electric field, semipolar orientations potentially offer the possibility of higher indium incorporation, which is necessary for the emission of light in the visible range. This is the preferred growth orientation for green/yellow LEDs and lasers. The important properties such as high output power, narrow emission linewidth, robust temperature dependence, large optical polarization ratio, and low-efficiency droop are demonstrated with semipolar LEDs. To harness the advantages of semipolar orientations, comprehensive studies are required. This review presents the recent progress on the development of semipolar InGaN/GaN quantum well LEDs. Semipolar InGaN LED structures on bulk GaN substrates, sapphire substrates, free-standing GaN templates, and on Silicon substrates are discussed including the bright prospects of group III-nitrides. Keywords: Group III-nitride semiconductor, semipolar, light-emitting diodes, InGaN/GaN quantum well.
Люминесценция коллоидных квантовых точек Ag-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-S/SiO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-, декорированных малыми наночастицами Au
Authors: Гревцева И.Г. , Овчинников О.В. , Смирнов М.С. , Кондратенко Т.С. , Перепелица А.С. , Хуссейн А.М.Х.
Published: January 2022

Установлено десятикратное увеличение квантового выхода дефектной люминесценции в области 750 nm при одновременном росте времени ее затухания с 4 до 200 ns, обусловленные декорированием поверхности квантовых точек (КТ) Ag2S/SiO2 (5.0±1.5 nm) наночастицами (НЧ) Au (2.0±0.5 nm). На основе анализа кинетики люминесценции при температурах 77 и 300 K сделано заключение о том, что такое неспецифичное проявление плазмон-экситонного взаимодействия вызвано влиянием поляризационных эффектов от НЧ Au на свойства мелких ловушек, участвующих в формировании кинетики дефектной люминесценции КТ Ag2S/SiO2. Ключевые слова: ИК люминесценция; кинетика затухания люминесценции; квантовые точки, плазмонные наночастицы, плазмон-экситонное взаимодействие.
Western manufacturing employment: trends and peaks over 30 years
Authors: Nesseth Christopher
Published: January 2022

U.S. manufacturing employment has been declining for 40 years, but this trend has not affected all regions equally. This paper examines employment changes in the Western region since 1990 to identify trends in the basket of subindustries unique to the region.
Informalidad, pobreza y consumo en México: Evidencia empírica entre 1993 y 2019
Authors: Gálvez-Soriano Oscar de Jesús , Ramírez-Loyola Miguel , Vega Valdivia Dixia
Published: January 2022

En este documento exploramos la relación entre informalidad, pobreza y “consumo predecible” en México. Partimos de un modelo macroeconómico con dos tipos de agentes para recuperar la serie de consumo predecible, que representa a los individuos que gastan todo su ingreso en cada periodo de tiempo. Estimamos el consumo predecible con un método de variables instrumentales para resolver el problema de simultaneidad entre consumo e ingreso. Utilizando esta serie, probamos la hipótesis de que los individuos con consumo predecible son personas en situación de pobreza o que trabajan en la informalidad. Nuestros resultados sugieren que algunas de las variaciones en el consumo predecible se deben a cambios en la pobreza. Este documento es el primero en analizar la heterogeneidad del consumo en México, mapeando su comportamiento con dos tipos de consumidores, de donde se concluye que una parte considerable del consumo privado (casi el 40%) es consistente con la hipótesis del ingreso permanente. Además, este artículo es el primero en documentar formalmente la fuerte relación entre pobreza e informalidad en México, lo que tiene importantes implicaciones de política económica.
An Exploration of Preschool Teachers’ Perceptions of Physical Activity Integration in a Whole Child Pilot Curriculum
Authors:   Department of Teacher Education, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38655, USA, Stapp Alicia , Falkenheiner Madalyn ,   Department of Teacher Education, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38655, USA, Wolff Kenya ,   Department of Teacher Education, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38655, USA
Published: January 2022

It is recommended that children ages 3-5 receive 180 minutes of physical activity a day, with at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Despite these recommendations, a majority of preschoolers are not provided opportunities in the early childhood education setting to meet these daily recommendations through either structured or unstructured physical activity. Accordingly, the number of young children identified as overweight or obese over the past couple of decades has increased. Critical to addressing this epidemic is the role of physical activity in the early childhood classroom and its capacity to increase healthy development and lifelong habits for young children. Participants in this study consisted of 23 Pre-K 4 teachers from 5 different preschools across North Mississippi. A phenomenological approach was utilized to determine if the barriers to physical activity implementation in early childhood education classrooms were effectively addressed through the Growing Healthy Minds, Bodies, and Communities curriculum. This was completed by garnering teachers' perceptions of the curriculum through pre- and post-focus groups. Three themes emerged from the data regarding teachers’ perceptions of the Growing Healthy Minds, Bodies, and Communities physical activity curriclum. Those themes are as follows: (a) teacher and student benefits of and engagement with physical activity in early childhood education; (b) shifting the mindset from “fitting it all in” to “making it work with modifications”; and (c) linking it to literacy. The opportunity for young children to participate in physical activity is a critical determinant of their overall health and development. While there has been an overall decrease in opportunities for preschool children to participate in both unstructured and structured physical activity, it is crucial to view physical activity as an essential and integrated component of the curriculum. When viewed through this lens, it provides a foundation that promotes lifelong healthy habits and development of children who become happy, healthy, and productive citizens in society.
Aislamiento y caracterización de Metarhizium spp. de cultivos de caña de azúcar y su patogenicidad contra Mahanarva andigena (Hemiptera: Cercopidae)
Authors: Valle-Ramírez Segundo Benedicto , Torres-Gutiérrez Roldán , Caicedo-Quinche Willan Orlando , Abril-Saltos Ricardo Vinicio , Sucoshañay-Villalba Darwin Javier
Published: January 2022

Metarhizium anisopliae es uno de los hongos entomopatógenos más comercializados para la regulación de poblaciones de insectos plagas. Las cepas nativas de este hongo ejercen un importante rol en el control natural. Sin embargo, se desconoce su efectividad en condiciones amazónicas ecuatorianas. Es por ello que esta investigación tuvo como objetivos aislar y caracterizar cepas nativas de M. anisopliae con potencial para el control de Mahanarva andigena (Jacobi) en el cultivo de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.). Se realizaron las colectas para el aislamiento y caracterización de los hongos, obteniendo un total de 20 aislados (quince de muestras de suelo y cinco de ninfas de M. andigena micosadas). Todos los aislados se caracterizaron con base en sus caracteres morfológicos y fisiológicos. En diez de ellos se evaluó la patogenicidad contra ninfas de M. andigena en condiciones de laboratorio. Los resultados obtenidos de la caracterización de los aislados fueron variables, tanto para el diámetro y tasa de crecimiento, como para el largo y ancho de conidios, germinación, esporulación y mortalidad corregida. El análisis de estas características demostró que los aislados DSA5401 y TI6301 presentaron los mejores valores para la mayoría de las variables evaluadas, en especial el diámetro, la tasa de crecimiento y la producción de conidios. Respecto a la efectividad en el control, los aislados DAS5401, TI6301, TS6304, PS5003, SJS5104 y SJS5102 presentaron una alta mortalidad corregida. Estos resultados indican la efectividad de aislados nativos de M. anisopliae para su uso en programas de control biológico de M. andigena.
Crucial Strategies to Solve Communicative Breakdown
Authors: Ismoilova Dilorom R.
Published: January 2022

English has increasingly become international language for business and commerce, science and technology, international relations and diplomacy. Due to this fact, the purpose of learning a foreign language is communication. Through communication, people send and receive messages and negotiate meaning. Communication has different forms and takes place in different situations. People communicate to satisfy their needs. Heterogeneous interaction is carried out by a native speaker and a non-native one in the purpose of exchanging of ideas, information between two or more individuals. There is usually, at least one speaker or sender, a message which transmitted, and an individual or individuals for whom this message is intended. Communication breakdowns may happen to anybody communicating in a language other than their dominating language. This problem, surely, can be solved but how? The primary aim of this article is to investigate the heterogeneous communication process in the terms of possible breakdown which happens to all people while communicating, so that they are unable to get their messages across express what they mean and what they understand. The author highlights crucial strategies toward solving these disruptions.
THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION AND ARMS CONTROL
Authors: Kostic Marina , Stefanovic Andrej
Published: January 2022

Did the Biden administration pick up at least some of the pieces of the broken liberal international order caused in some part by his predecessor Trump? Has he been acting according to his and his party’s promises during the presidential-elections campaign or has he stood by his predecessor’s decisions? And especially how much was done or “repaired” in the realm of arms control? These are the questions authors will try to answer in this paper. They will draw their conclusion by analyzing theoretical assumptions that lie behind the Trump’s and Biden’s approach toward the international institutions, including arms control, historical analysis of Trump’s legacy regarding international institutions, content analysis of Biden’s and Democratic Party’s promises and their comparison with the Republican attitudes. In assessing how much was done in the first year of Biden’s mandate in the realm of arms control, authors conclude that the results are mixed – in some cases Biden followed Trump’s decisions and in some other he completely changed the approach.
UNITED STATES AND WAR ON TERROR: COSTS OF THE PYRRHIC VICTORY
Authors: Nedeljkovic Stevan , Dasic Merko
Published: January 2022

The withdrawal of American troops from Afghanistan during August 2021 puts an end to the longest war that America has ever fought and the first phase of the Global War on Terrorism. In this regard, two important questions arise, which we will try to answer in this paper. First, what are the main external and internal consequences that the United States has faced due to engaging in the “War on Terror”? Second, did the U.S. achieve its goals in that war? The external effects we have identified are the crisis of global leadership, the weakening of relations with the allies, the growth of China in the lee, and the rise of populism. Among the internal ones, we included the strengthening of the presidential function, the increase of state power, more profound social polarization, an increase in budget expenditures, and a growing deficit, as well as human casualties. In the end, we contributed to the debate on the nature of the U.S. “victory”. We are providing the argumentation in the direction that the final output of War on Terror should be named Pyrrhic victory.
AFRIKA I GLOBALIZACIJA: NEOLIBERALIZAM I ,,NOVO“ OTKRIVANjE AFRIKE U DUHU NEOKOLONIJALIZMA
Authors: Stojadinovic Misa , Stancic Visnja
Published: January 2022

Afrika je dugo bila neopravdano zanemarivana u teorijskim razmatranjima koja se bave međunarodnim odnosima. Jedna od najdominantnijih percepcija koje su se širile jeste da se na afrički kontinent gleda kao na celinu, zaboravljajući da njega čini više od pedeset država sa svim svojim specifičnostima. To je u velikoj meri doprinosilo zagovornicima imperijalizma i marginalizaciji značaja afričkih zemalja. Sa druge strane, afričke zemlje su se uključivale u globalne tokove pre svega bilateralno, a na osnovu procena sopstvenih nacionalnih interesa, zanemarujući pritom činjenicu da bi mnogo više postigle jedinstvenim nastupom prema ostatku sveta, poput zemalja Latinske Amerike. Autori u radu sagledavaju položaj afričkih zemalja kroz prizmu neoliberalizma. Osnovna pretpostavka kojom se autori rukovode jeste da su afričke zemlje time što su stekle nezavisnost i dalje ostale pod uticajem stranih faktora koji su ih na mnogo suptilnije načine doveli u neokolonijalni položaj. Sam rad se sastoji iz dva dela. U prvom delu autori analiziraju mitologizaciju afričkog kontinenta kojom su se vešto koristile imperijalne sile kako bi opravdale svoju vlast na ovim prostorima tokom istorije, dok se u drugom delu analizira položaj afričkih zemalja u odnosu na druge značajne međunarodne aktere, a pre svega Sjedinjene Američke Države, Rusiju, Kinu i Evropsku uniju.
VELIKA STRATEGIJA EVROPSKE UNIJE – NEMOGUĆA MISIJA?
Authors: Lisanin Mladen
Published: January 2022

Cilj autora je da u ovom članku, analizirajući evoluciju najvažnijih strateških dokumenata Evropske unije, kao i aktuelno stanje debate o njenom strateškom držanju, doprinese potrazi za odgovorom na pitanje da li Evropska unija ima veliku strategiju i da li je uopšte moguće da je ima. Autor polazi od konceptualizacije velike strategije koju nudi Nina Sajlov, shvatajući veliku strategiju trojako: kao plan, kao princip i kao obrazac ponašanja. U svrhu pružanja odgovora na glavno istraživačko pitanje, potrebno je istražiti da li se koncept velike strategije, originalno osmišljen za državu kao jedinicu analize, može ekvivalentno primeniti na supranacionalnu strukturu kakva je Evropska unija. Ovo je najuže povezano sa problemom strateške autonomije, koja podrazumeva unutrašnju koherentnost među državama članicama, ali i spoljašnju autonomnost u odnosu na druge strateške aktere, pre svih NATO, što je pitanje koje opterećuje evoluciju evropske bezbednosne politike decenijama unazad. Ključni nalaz je da su ovi problemi teško premostivi i da Evropska unija u bliskoj budućnosti potencijalno može razviti veliku strategiju u formi plana, kodifikovanog kroz strateška dokumenta (što je tendencija koju je već moguće uočiti kroz usvajanje Evropske bezbednosne strategije iz 2003., Globalne strategije iz 2016. i budućeg Strateškog kompasa 2022. godine), dok će nastanak obrazaca efektivnog i koherentnog strateškog ponašanja predstavljati daleko veći izazov.
KONFERENCIJA O BUDUĆNOSTI EVROPE: ZNAČAJ ZA REGION ZAPADNOG BALKANA
Authors: Lazarevic Andrijana , Matijevic Andrea
Published: January 2022

Iako je Konferencija o budućnosti Evrope po definiciji orijentisana na budućnost, činjenica da su države i teritorije Zapadnog Balkana izostavljene iz grupe zainteresovanih strana, uprkos tome što imaju perspektivu članstva u Evropskoj uniji, ne govori u prilog takvoj orijentisanosti same konferencije. Ipak, Zajednička deklaracija o Konferenciji o budućnosti Evrope i dalje omogućava angažovanje trećih strana u njenom okviru, što predstavlja priliku za uključivanje država i teritorija Zapadnog Balkana u njen rad. Nadovezujući se na dugogodišnja obećanja Evropske unije državama i teritorijama Zapadnog Balkana u pogledu perspektive članstva, kao i na njihovo angažovanje u vezi sa nizom evropskih pravnih normi, struktura, politika i programa, ove države i teritorije uživaju političko pravo srazmernog uticaja na proces i ishode Konferencije o budućnosti Evrope. Da bi se povećali izgledi za efikasan doprinos država i teritorija Zapadnog Balkana konferenciji, javlja se potreba za sveobuhvatnom strategijom regionalnog karaktera, u čijem bi kreiranju trebalo da učestvuju ne samo predstavnici vlada, već i građani država i teritorija Zapadnog Balkana. Rad ima za cilj da izloži izazove sa kojima se zajednički suočava Evropska unija i Zapadni Balkan kao i modalitete učešća država i teritorija Zapadnog Balkana u Konferenciji o budućnosti Evrope kao formatu u okviru kog se očekuje da će, do proleća 2022. godine, biti doneti zaključci i pružene smernice o budućnosti Evrope.
FRANCUSKA, UJEDINJENO KRALJEVSTVO I PERSPEKTIVE MULTILATERALIZACIJE FORMALNE STRATEŠKE KONTROLE NAORUŽANJA
Authors: Kostic Marina
Published: January 2022

Tokom američko-ruske debate o produžetku Novog START-a tokom 2019. i 2020. godine, obe zemlje su ponovo pokrenule pitanje multilateralizacije strateške ofanzivne kontrole naoružanja. Međutim, dok su SAD pozvale na učešće Kine, Rusija je još jednom ponovila hladnoratovski stav nekadašnjeg Sovjetskog Saveza o neophodnosti učešća Francuske i Velike Britanije u kontroli strateškog naoružanja. Imajući u vidu odbijanje Kine da se pridruži razgovorima o produžetka Novog START-a, na koje ih je u više navrata pozivala Trampova administracija, iz različitih razloga, svrha ovog članka je da istraži stavove Francuske i Velike Britanije, dve evropske države i članice NATO-a sa strateškim oružjem, u odnosu na ruski poziv i izglede i preduslove za multilateralizaciju kontrole strateškog naoružanja kroz njihovo učešće. U ovom nastojanju autorka koristi koncept strateške stabilnosti i analizira niz primarnih i sekundarnih izvora, uključujući hronologiju pregovora i sadržaj ugovora o kontroli strateškog naoružanja i drugih relevantnih ugovora, francuskih i britanskih strateških dokumenata, kao i izjave zvaničnika iz ovih i drugih relevantnih zemalja. Autorka zaključuje da bi se Velika Britanija i Francuska verovatnije uključile u formalnu kontrolu strateškog naoružanja ako su ispunjena najmanje tri skupa preduslova – „dozvola“ SAD -a i NATO -a, jednakost u strateškim snagama i tokom pregovora i poboljšano strateško okruženje.
Reconceptualizar la seguridad y la paz: una antología de estudios sobre género, seguridad, paz, agua, alimentos, cambio climático y alternativas
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Oswald Spring Úrsula
Published: January 2022

Este libro aporta reflexiones críticas e interdisciplinarias acerca de la reconceptualización de la seguridad y la paz con un énfasis especial en el Sur Global. Es reflejo de mi carrera como estudiosa, investigadora y luchadora social en África, Latinoamérica, en especial México, Europa y Asia. Mediante estudios empíricos interdisciplinarios, traté de superar los límites unidisciplinarios de los enfoques teóricos, conceptuales y empíricos enseñados en las universidades de los países desarrollados para experimentar formas sistémicas de investigación colectiva que ayudarán a transformar las presentes relaciones de poder, de discriminación y explotación. Una preocupación recurrente fue la discriminación de las mujeres en la ciencia y globalmente en el ámbito de la vida que se refleja en un número creciente de mujeres en pobreza extrema. Los procesos truncos de desarrollo en los países del Sur Global, atravesados por temas de género, seguridad, paz, alimentación y agua contaminada, me llevaron a entender las raíces profundas de un creciente subdesarrollo. Con el periodo nuevo de la historia de la tierra, el Antropoceno, el cambio ambiental global y el climático, se han agudizado además los conflictos socioambientales y se han gestado guerras no-tradicionales, donde Latinoamérica está poniendo el número mayor de muertos por la guerra contra el narcotráfico, a pesar de contar con una biodiversidad excepcional. La propuesta de seguridad y paz engendradas y sustentables explora primero conceptualmente alternativas desde abajo, y segundo, como propuesta de acción, propone facilitar una transición hacia la supervivencia humana y la recuperación del planeta, que cambiarán radicalmente el saqueo de los recursos naturales por parte de minorías rapaces. Soberanía alimentaria, energética e hídrica apuntan hacia modelos holísticos de desarrollo incluyente, donde las relaciones patriarcales de poder se deberían reestructurar por solidaridad con los vulnerables, mediante una economía de regalo, basada en el cuidado de los demás y de la Madre Tierra.