bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Ecclesiastical Authority Terror”. The Downgrading of the Szigetszentmiklós Reformed Parish to Mission Parish in 1956
Authors: LÁNYI Gábor
Published: January 2021

On 24 May 1956, Délpest Reformed Diocese – by the consent of the Danubian Reformed Church District– downgraded the Szigetszentmiklós Reformed Parish to the status of mission parish. The 700 members strong, almost 400 hundred years old parish’s chief elder was also relieved of his duties whilst the consistory was dissolved. The downgrading of the long-standing parish, the dis-solution of the elected consistory, and the deprivation of its right to elect its minister gave rise to protests both inside and outside the parish. An array of scandals, disciplinary issues, and difficult as well as intricate lawsuits followed. The matter also generated waves in the entire Reformed Church since the presidium of the diocese overlooked the ecclesiastic rules and regulations, ordering the downgrade without the consent of the diocesan assembly –also assisted by the presidium of the church district–, accepting the new situation and appointing the mission minister.
The case of Szigetszentmiklós is a great example to understand the global picture of the actions taken against the disloyal ministers and consistories by the ecclesiastic governance intertwined with the one-party state.
Nationalism as a Question for Theology – A Few Remarks on a Dividing Issue
Authors: BORSI Attila János
Published: January 2021

Nationalism remains to be one of the most compelling issues of communities. It raises questions not only for humanities but for theology as well. Thus, we approach it from the perspective of Reformed theology with the aim of trying to find such a point of reference by which Christian thinking is able to pro-vide orientation in understanding this problem. The article first visits such basic definitions as state, nation, or people and attempts to define them. By providing inputs to this clarification from a theological point of view, the article investigates how the Christian doctrine of providence with its emphasis on the vertical dimension of human life can help us to avoid the absolutization of the notion of nation. One of the main points of the text is to differentiate between national existence and nationalism. Nationalism cannot be justified, such as decontextualized national existence since one of the main consequences would be a misunderstood concept of progress. A correctly articulated national existence always brings to the fore the concern for sovereignty. The article argues that a nation’s sovereignty from the Christian point of view can be neither detached from the sovereignty of God nor expressed without taking it seriously. Since proper sovereignty is only to be practised not against but for something, it always points to-wards God’s sovereignty.
Identity Building in the Hungarian Reformed Press in the First Half of the 20ᵗʰ Century. The Example of “Református Figyelő”
Authors: KISS Réka
Published: January 2021

In my study, I am examining a significant step in the history of the national Reformed press between the two world wars, i.e., the weekly paper Református Figyelő (1928–1933). It is well known that the interwar period which was also called a “religious renaissance” or the “period of the second confessionalization”, is considered to be a period of renewal of religious and ecclesiastical life, deepening of faith and strengthening of denominational identity for each historical church. My study approaches the issue of church press between the two world wars from the perspective of the process of community identity building of the Hungarian Reformed people. On the one hand, I am looking for an answer to how the content of the Reformed identity changed during the century, which were the defining phenomena, historical experiences that decisively influenced the Reformed self-awareness, which were its main problems, the central topics of church public discourse. On the other hand, my research focuses on the role of the ecclesiastical press in shaping public discourses, in building identity, the way its organizational background and internal system of relations developed.
IMPLEMENTASI PERMENPAREKRAF NO. 4 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG STANDAR USAHA BIRO PERJALANAN WISATA PADA PELAKU USAHA BIRO PEJALANAN WISATA HAJI DAN UMROH DI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Dwi Rohani Elisa , Surya Pradana Cerry
Published: January 2021

There are not a few travel agencies that move in the field of Hajj and Umrah that do not have business legality, therefore there needs to be supervision and application of business standards for businesses BPW Hajj and Umrah. The business standard of this travel agency not only applies to BPW who are active in inbound and outbound tour packages but this regulation also applies to BPW which focuses on Hajj and Umrah spiritual travel. Even every BPW Hajj and Umrah is required to have a business certificate of travel agency services in order to obtain a permit for The Umrah Ibadah Travel (PPIU). This research will be carried out on BPW Hajj and Umrah who have certified BPW business field in Yogyakarta which aims to see the extent to which standardization of this business can be applied to businesses and what obstacles faced in the application of business standards. This research uses qualitative research method to obtain data and information needed data collection techniques used in this research including Indepth Interview, observation and policy studies. The results of this study showed that the fundamental problems that are addressed by BPW Hajj and Umrah businesses do not have a valid business license, current and adequate, do not have cooperation with outside parties, especially with vendors, often found BPW business which is a cooperation between friends and family members, as well as the lack of socialization of BPW standards to BPW Hajj and Umrah businesses that are more focused on Umrah activities.
TOURISM MARKETING: CONTEXT, CHALLENGES AND POTENTIAL
Authors: Palupi Rety , Slavov Micho
Published: January 2021

Tourism is one of the leading and most dynamic sectors of the world economy, and for its rapid pace, it is recognized as the economic phenomenon of the century. Modern tourism is an increasingly intensive, business-oriented, and commercially organized group of activities, and tourism marketing is becoming ever more important for a destination’s competitiveness. In this context, our research aims to analyze and synthesize the challenges marketing of tourist destinations is facing. The approach taken in this paper is to assess the related literature and focus on the key points for future research on tourism marketing. We argue that destination marketing must lead to the optimization of the effects of tourism and the achievement of national tourism organizations' strategic goals. This paper contributes to marketing professionals and academics, pointing out the uniqueness of tourism marketing.
Разработка технологии сухого концентрата напитка на основе модифицированного пектина с добавлением дикоросов Дальнего Востока
Authors: Подкорытов Андрей , Кадникова Ирина , Подкорытова Елена , Ковалев Валерий
Published: January 2021

Разработана технология и рецептура сухого концентрата напитка, содержащего функциональные ингредиенты: гидролизованный пектин из Phyllospadix iwatensis, элеутерозиды, флавоноиды, аскорбиновую кислоту. Определены дозы всех ингредиентов с учетом норм суточного потребления. Исследован процесс гранулирования композиции пектина и сахарозы с добавлением экстрактов элеутерококка, шипов-ника и боярышника. Содержание пектина, элеутерозидов и аскорбиновой кислоты в однократной дозировке напитка (10 г) составляет 100 % от адекватного суточного уровня потребления, а флавоноидов – 20,5 %. Проведена органолептическая оценка напитка и определены его основные физико-химические показатели. Исследованы показатели безопасности сухого концентрата напитка. The technology of obtaining a dry concentrate of a functional beverage based on hydrolyzed pectin from sea grass Phyllospa-dix iwatensis with the addition of extracts of eleutherococcus, rosehip and hawthorn is presented. In order to classify the bev-erage as a functional, we used a composition containing 20% pectin. Quantitative determination of eleutheroside B and ascor-bic acid was performed by HPLC with spectrophotometric detec-tion at 270 nm and 243 nm, respectively. The quantitative con-tent of the total flavonoids (in terms of rutin) was determined by the spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 406 nm. To improve the organoleptic characteristics, citric acid, stevioside and elderberry extract were added to the beverage. The formula-tion of the beverage was developed in accordance with the requirements of the State Standard of Russia number 28188-2014 and the norms of daily consumption. Consumer properties were assessed according to the current regulatory documents of the Russian Fed-eration (RD RF) and the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. The organoleptic evaluation of the drink was carried out in accordance with ISO 11035: 1994 and State Standard of Russia number 6687.5-86, the main physical and chemical indicators (titrated acidity, humidity, mass fraction of dry substances and minerals) were determined. The resulting beverage has a sweetish taste and a pleasant berry aroma with a pronounced rosehip smell. According to the terms of storage, the drink was in ac-cordance with State Standard of Russia number 6687.6-88. The main standard indices of the safety of the drink according to TR CU 021/2011 - the content of heavy metals, microbiological indices. The quality and safety indices of the developed product corresponded to the requirements of the Russian Federation and the EAEC.
Импортозамещение в отечественном сельхозмашиностроении как фактор повышения конкурентоспособности отрасли
Authors: Коваленко Наталья , Чекунов Андрей
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена анализу и оценке мер государственной поддержки импортозамещения в национальном сельхозмашиностроении. Рассматриваются ход и результаты государственной поддержки импортозамещения в отрасли, недостатки, эффективность. Предложены шаги, способные повысить эффективность государственной поддержки импортозамещения в сельхозмашиностроении Российской Феде-рации. Effective development of domestic agricultural engineering ensures the achievement of high production volumes of agri-food products. To improve the national production of agricultural machinery, the leading countries of the world provide state support to their pro-ducers. At the same time, these countries stimulate the development of the industry in order to dominate their producers in the domestic market, and to expand into the markets of foreign countries. For a long time, Russia has been the object of widespread expansion by foreign manufacturers of agricultural equipment. At the same time, under the conditions of economic sanctions, dependence on im-ported agricultural equipment limits the development of the domes-tic agro-industrial complex. Significantly reduce dependence on foreign supplies of agricultural equipment and ensure the competi-tiveness of domes- tic products should be implemented in the indus-try's current policy of import substitution. The purpose of the article is to analyze the implementation of the policy of import substitution in domes-tic agricultural machinery and assess its impact on the development of the industry. Government sup-port has a significant impact on the development of the industry, which is confirmed by statistical data and materials of market participants. Analysis of the literature and regulatory acts showed that the state financial support for the industry is carried out in 4 areas: industrial, technological, marketing and personnel. The effectiveness of state support is determined by the state of the industry, the situation on the domestic market of agricultural equipment and the achievement of support goals. To date, govern-ment support measures for import substitution in the industry have not ensured its stable development and increased competitiveness of the products produced. The authors analyzed the implementation of the state policy of import substitution in the domestic agricultural machinery in the framework of the relevant sectoral plan. Based on the analysis, a conclusion was made about the need to improve measures of state support for the industry.
Анализ развития экономики различных регионов России и их перспективы
Authors: Арефьев Петр , Румянцева Алина
Published: January 2021

Социально-экономическая ситуация в России является довольно сложной. Хотя переход в положительную фазу роста приобрел продолжение, качественные и количественные характеристики данного повышения нельзя признать удовлетворительными. Однако определенные показатели, которые отрицательно характеризуют экономическую динамику, не всегда говорят о негативных трендах. В статье проведен анализ развития экономики различных регионов России (в частности, Ростовская область и Краснодарский край). Выделены перспективы развития экономики в рассматриваемых субъектах Российской Федерации. Анализ экономики Ростовской области и Краснодарского края показал, что достигнуты соответствующие успехи и есть предпосылки для устойчивого экономического повышения. The socio-economic situation in Russia is quite complicated. Although the transition to a positive growth phase is in progress, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of this improvement cannot be considered satisfactory. However, some indicators that characterize the economic dynamics negatively do not always indicate the negative trends. The paper describes the analysis of the economies development in various regions of Russia (in particular, the Rostov region and the Krasnodar Territory). The prospects for the economies development in the mentioned constituent entities of the Russian Federation were stated in the paper. The investigation identified the prospects for the Krasnodar Territory economy development, such as securing and increasing the competitive advantages in the traditional industries to create a sustainable model of improvement; slight increasing of the human capital; implementing a limited number of the long-term priority programs and projects that realize the comparative advantages of the social sphere and economy; insignificant increasing of the investment climate; developing the conditions for the spatial improvement; improving the institutional environment, which facilitates the balanced sustainable development; increasing the integration processes in international and interregional socio-economic space. The economies analysis in the Rostov region and the Krasnodar Territory showed that the appropriate progress had been made and there were the prerequisites for the sustainable economic improvement.
Система внутреннего аудита и контроля как элемент обеспечения экономической безопасности предприятия
Authors: Ракутько Светлана , Селезнева Елена , Хафизова Валерия , Страхова Валерия
Published: January 2021

В работе предложены авторские подходы к понятиям «внутренний контроль» и «внутренний аудит», раскрыты их содержательные особенности, функции, формы организации на предприятиях, определены ключевые задачи систем внутреннего аудита и внутреннего контроля в аспекте обеспечения экономической безопасности. Проанализированы возможные варианты взаимодействия систем внутреннего аудита и внутреннего контроля и предложили к использованию наиболее подходящую модель их комплексного взаимодействия для осуществления единовременного контроля финансово-хозяйственных процессов и управления рисками компании. The company economic security is the result of its effective financial and economic activities. This relationship is due to the pattern of economic development and increased competition between economic entities. The current market mechanisms significantly impact on the company activities, that in turn necessitates them to look for the ways to ensure the financial stability and economic security. This article aims at studying the role the internal audit and internal control play to ensure the company financial stability and the impact of these tools on its economic security. The paper describes the authors’ approaches to the concepts of “internal control" and "internal audit", shows their content features, functions and forms of arrangement within a company. It also specifies the key objectives of the internal audit and internal control systems for ensuring the economic security. The authors analyzed the possible interactions of the internal audit and internal control systems and suggested the most appropriate model for their comprehensive interaction to be used for the simultaneous control of financial and economic processes and for the company risk management
Эффективность системы государственной поддержки региональных инвестиционных проектов на Дальнем Востоке России
Authors: Филатов Артемий
Published: January 2021

В статье приведено понятие регионального инвестиционного проекта (далее − РИП) как инструмента реализации региональной инвестиционной политики. Проанализирован международной опыт реализации региональной инвестиционной политики. Приведен анализ нормативно-правовой базы, регламентирующей государственную поддержку РИП в Дальневосточном федеральном округе, на основании которого идентифицирована система государственной поддержки. Выявлены противоречия в составе элементов системы. В результате проведенной оценки выявлена недостаточная эффективность функционирования системы. The article describes the concept of a regional investment pro-ject (RIP). Regional investment projects are created in accord-ance with the regional development strategy. They are the in-struments for the regional investment policy implementation in a country of the federal structure. Those projects significantly impact on the socio-economic indicators of the region. The in-ternational experience of the regional investment policy imple-mentation was analyzed. This policy is aimed at reducing spa-tial differentiation. The Russian Far East regions require sup-port for the regional investment projects to ensure the advanced socio-economic development in accordance with the Federal government priorities. The effectiveness of the state support system is important for the RIPs. The structure of this system was identified and analyzed in the article. As a result of the analysis the contradictions in the composition of the system elements were found. At the federal level, there is no unified approach to identifying the ways to achieve the goals of the Russian Far East socio-economic development. Besides, contradictions were defined between the organizations providing the RIP support. The support system effectiveness was estimated quantitatively. The performance of the individual RIPs was assessed at the first stage. The regional investment management efficiency was estimated at the second stage. As a result of the estimation, it was found that the system was not functioning efficiently and that the current configuration of the RIP support system didn’t allow achieving the advanced socio-economic development of the Russian Far East regions.
Результаты деятельности компаний в сфере туризма: роль стратегического предпринимательства
Authors: Хасан Ага Муханад , Гаффорова Елена
Published: January 2021

В статье представлены результаты исследования компаний малого и среднего бизнеса в сфере туризма, работающих в Приморском крае. Для создания теоретической модели исследования были выявлены характеристики (переменные) концепций предпринимательства, стратегического управления и сотрудничества с конкурентами «coopetition» и рассмотрено их влияние на результаты деятельности туристских компаний. Эмпирическая проверка гипотез исследования проводилась на базе данных 107 компаний. Полученные результаты анализа свидетельствуют о положительной взаимосвязи между обеими компонентами стратегического предпринимательства (предпринимательство и стратегическое управление) с финансовыми и нефинансовыми показателями результатов деятельности туристских компаний. Результаты анализа, также, указывают на положительное влияние сотрудничества с конкурентами «coopetition» и положительное влияние на его взаимодействие со стратегическим предпринимательством на финансовые и нефинансовые показатели результатов деятельности. This article presents the results of the investigation of small and medium-sized tourism companies operating in the Primorey Territory. To create the theoretical model of the investigation, the characteristics (variables) of the entrepreneurship, strategic management and coopetition concepts were identified, and their impact on the performance of tourism companies was considered. Empirical testing of the research hypotheses was carried out on the database of 107 companies. The results of the analysis show a positive relationship between both components of strategic entrepreneurship (entrepreneurship and strategic management) and the financial and non-financial performance indicators of the tourism companies. The results of the analysis also show the positive impact of coopetition and of its interaction with strategic entrepreneurship on the financial and non-financial performance indicators.
Итоги и ключевые риски реализации комплексного плана модернизации и расширения магистральной инфраструктуры
Authors: Патракова Светлана
Published: January 2021

Транспортная инфраструктура является одним из факторов социально-экономического и пространственного развития территорий. Принятый в 2018 г. комплексный план модернизации и расширения магистральной инфраструктуры призван разрешить ряд инфраструктурных проблем России, обеспечить развитие транспортных коридоров, повышение экономической связанности. В ходе исследования выявлено, что, несмотря на достижение ряда позитивных изменений в магистральной инфраструктуре, полноценная реализация плана может быть поставлена под угрозу, что обусловлено рядом системных и организационных рисков и проблем. The developed transport infrastructure is one of the factors for the Russian Federation socio-economic and spatial development, as it ensures the area-to-space relationship, helps to reduce the economic distance and increase the migration and transport mobility of the population, etc. However, to implement these objectives successfully, it is necessary to expand and modernize the transport infrastructure, taking into consideration the promising trends. A significant role is assigned to the Federal strategic documents that set out the main provisions, forms, methods and tools for implementing the state policy. The purpose of the article is to identify and systematize risks in implementing the Comprehensive plan for upgrading and expanding the trunk infrastructure until 2025 based on the results of the first full year of its implementing. Methods of monographic, comparative analysis and synthesis, economic and statistical analysis were used during the research. As a result, it was found that the implementation of the Comprehensive plan may be jeopardized, mainly due to non-compliance with the project deadlines as well as due to the institutional risk problems, which were highlighted: inadequate regulatory and methodological framework, that complicates the implementation; difficulties in monitoring the implementation; low level of the list of activities coordination. There are organizational problems and obstacles to the implementation of the plan containing the provisions of the Russian Federation President Decree of May 7, 2018 No. 204 "On the national goals and strategic objectives for the Russian Federation development for the period untill 2024". Studying the plan settings and the main outcomes of its implementation as well as the results of the content analysis of the experts and scientists expert opinions allowed to identify and substantiate the key risks and challenges in the implementation of the Comprehensive plan, which will help to achieve the set goals and objectives. The results of the work can be used by researchers in conducting their research on similar topics, as well as in the activities of the Federal and regional authorities in the development and adjustment of strategies and programs for socio-economic, transport and spatial development.
Теневой банковский сектор при регулировании капитала и режиме ПВР
Authors: Ермолова Мария
Published: January 2021

В исследовании предложена модификация модели 1 G. Ordoñez [1]. В [1] предполагалось, что асимметрия ин-формации в банковском секторе приводит к ограничительной политике, при которой регулятор запрещает вложения в рисковые активы. В статье показывается, что данная предпосылка не реалистична, так как на практике регулятор обладает большим набором инструментов, например, может внедрить подход на основе внутренних рейтингов (далее ПВР), который обеспечивает детальную оценку риска. Продемонстрировано достижение оптимального состояния рынка при более реалистичной предпосылке. В модель также внедрено регулирование капитала. Показано влияние норматива достаточности капитала на размер теневого банкинга. The article discusses the mechanism of risk-shifting in the presence of information asymmetry. The model is based on [1]. Due to the asymmetry of information, the regulator cannot dif-ferentiate bank assets by the risk level, and therefore cannot guarantee (in particular, to investors) an adequate risk level of banks such that is sufficient to cover losses by capital in the event of stress. As a result, the regulator designs a policy that prohibits investments in any risky assets. This leads to the fact that banks transfer their activities outside the control of the regulator. It is defined as shadow banking. Information asymmetry leads to not optimal decisions. In par-ticular, banks cannot invest in superior assets, despite the fact that these assets generally have an acceptable risk level. [1] proposed reducing the problem of asymmetry by maintaining subsidies, in which banks in shadow banking must pay fees for their choice to operate outside of regulation. This article suggests another method for reducing the volume of shadow banking. This method involves the introduction of IRB, namely a differentiated calculation of the risk level for each asset individually based on internal models of banks that meet the requirements of the regulator. Due to a more differenti-ated risk assessment, constant validation of models and detailed reporting, the regulator will be able to control investments in superior assets and thereby reduce banks’ entry into shadow banking. The paper notes the impact of the capital requirements on the volume of shadow banking. The modifica-tion of the model [1] by adding IRB mode and introducing banks’ calculation and compliance with capi-tal requirements allowed to find the boundary levels of the capital adequacy ratio at which banks charge their strategy in favour of shadow banking.
Аспекты оптимизации транспортировки экспортной продукции лесопромышленных предприятий
Authors: Рогулин Родион
Published: January 2021

Целью данной статьи является совершенствование методики оценки оптимальной степени заполняемости круглым лесом контейнеров для задачи транспортировки грузов через границы с другими странами. Задачами исследования является построение математической модели по оценке оптимальной степени загрузки контейнеров круглым лесом и апробация ее на данных одного из лесопромышленных комплексов Российской Федерации. Обращено внимание на то, что в процессе транспортировки лесной продукции внешним потребителям время досмотра груза на таможне и риск нарушения сроков поставки могут существенно уменьшиться, если в контейнерах остается свободное пространство, что позволит провести таможенный досмотр с частичной выгрузкой товара. В работе представлены два подхода к моделированию процессов транспортировки контейнеров с круглым лесом, реализующие численные типы расчетов и основанные на применении приемов имитационного моделирования. Рассмотрены наиболее часто встречаемые в науке методы и алгоритмы, моделирующие любой сложности транспортные процессы. Представлено решение задачи оптимальной загрузки контейнеров при прохождении таможенного контроля. Реализована имитационная модель транспортировки круглого леса через границы, которая позволила определить оптимальный объем загрузки контейнеров с целью минимизации временных затрат, необходимых для прохождения таможенного досмотра. The purpose of this paper is to improve the methodology for assessing the optimal degree of the containers occupancy with the round timber for cargo transporting across the borders with other countries. The objectives of the research were to build a mathematical model to estimate the optimal degree of containers loading with the round timber and to test it on the data from one of the timber industry complexes of the Russian Federation. The attention was drawn to the fact that in the process of transporting timber products to external consumers, the time of cargo examination at the Customs and the risk of violating the delivery terms may be significantly reduced if there is a free space in the containers, which will allow the Customs examination to be made with partial unloading of goods. The paper presents two approaches to modeling the processes of transporting containers with round timber, implementing numerical types of calculations and based on the application of simulation modeling techniques. The methods and algorithms most frequently encountered in science that simulate transport processes of any complexity were considered. The solution to the issue of optimal containers loading during the Customs control was presented. A simulation model of round timber transporting across the borders was implemented, which allowed determining the optimal volume of container loading to minimize the time required for the Customs examination.
Биотранспорт стойких органических загрязняющих веществ (СОЗ) тихоокеанскими лососями северо-западной части Тихого океана
Authors: Цыганков В.Ю. , Донец М.М. , Гумовский А.Н. , Христофорова Н.К.
Published: January 2021

Наряду с атмосферным переносом в Мировом океане определенное значение имеет биотранспорт СОЗ морскими организмами, совершающими длительные миграции. В первую очередь это лососевые рыбы, количество которых в субарктическом регионе Тихого океана в последнее десятилетие достигает 1,5 млн т. Лососи, погибающие после нереста в реках и озерах, оставляют на нерестилищах загрязняющие вещества, общий объем которых может быть значительным. В главе рассчитано общее количество СОЗ, переносимых лососями на российское побережье северо-западной части Тихого океана, показана роль последних в транспорте токсикантов с моря на сушу, и выявлен экологический риск для локальных экосистем. Ключевые слова: ГХЦГ; ДДТ; ПХБ; биотранспорт; тихоокеанские лососи; северо-западная часть Тихого океана.
Content Analysis of 2012-2019 FDA Warning Letters and Notices of Violations using the Economic, Clinical, and Humanistic Outcomes (ECHO) Model
Authors: Mohite Namosha , Funtanilla Vienica , Muzumdar Jagannath , Park Taehwan
Published: January 2021

Objective: The study purpose was to critically review FDA-issued warning letters (WLs) and notice of violation (NOV) letters against drug companies’ from 2012-2019 for economic, clinical, and humanistic (ECHO) claims made in pharmaceutical promotional materials. Specific objectives were to assess the, (1) number of WLs and NOV issued; (2) frequency of WLs and NOV by therapeutic areas; (3) type of communication media cited in WLs or NOV; (4) intended audience for the claims in promotional materials for which the WLs and NOV were issued; and (5) number of WLs and NOV for ECHO claims.
Methods: The quantitative content analysis approach was employed to review WLs and NOVs, obtained from the FDA website, from January 2012-December 2019. A data abstraction form was created based on the published literature on this topic and assessment of the content of WLs and NOVs for 2010. This form was pilot tested on letters issued in 2011. The researchers discussed any unclear question or information presented in the letters. The letters were reviewed three researchers. If there was disagreement between the reviewers, either a fourth reviewer arbitrated on the disagreement or the letter(s) were discussed by the researchers to determine a final classification. ICD-10 codes were used for therapeutic categories in the data collected form. Descriptive statistics, Kappa statistics for interrater reliability, and Cochrane-Armitage test were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 24.0
Results: A total of 102 letters were analyzed. Of these, 19 (19%) were WLs and 83 (81%) were NOVs. Majority of these letters were issued to manufacturers of therapeutic agents for diseases of the nervous system (n=15; 14.7%) and neoplasms (n=15; 14.7%). The most commonly cited media for violation was online website (n=29; 27.1%). Out of the 153 violations in 102 letters, 92 (60.1%) were clinical; 13 (8.5%) humanistic; 2 (1.3%) were economic; and 46 (30%) were categorized as ‘Others’.
Conclusion: The study found misleading claims of the clinical effectiveness and risk information included in the promotional materials targeted to consumers as well as healthcare providers. Promoting reliable, evidence-based information is important for the health of the public as inadequate information could lead to irrational decision making both on consumer as well as on prescriber side.
Dialéctica de la liberación: La estrategia de lucha sociopolítica del MPL-Igualdad en Chile
Authors: Muñoz Cristi Ignacio
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se presentan resultados sobre una estrategia de lucha sociopolítica sin, contra y desde el Estado, que son parte de una investigación mayor sobre sentidos y procesos de trabajo autogestionario complejo en el Movimiento de Pobladoras y Pobladores en Lucha (MPL) y su herramienta partidaria (Igualdad). Desde el análisis descolonial de sistemas-mundo se propone una perspectiva histórica de larga duración para situar los datos en el marco de los procesos de expansión y contracción de la autogestión en la modernidad-colonialidad. La metodología se basó en el enfoque biográfico a través de entrevistas con 12 militantes del MPL-Igualdad. Los resultados permiten caracterizar sus estrategias sociopolíticas de lucha antisistémica de liberación. Se concluye que estas rebasan el problema de vivienda y se proyectan, vía prefiguración constituyente del hábitat, en un horizonte de autogobierno comunal e intercomunal basado en la construcción de poder popular.
PERENCANAAN BANGUNAN BAGI SADAP DI DAERAH IRIGASI WARIORI, KABUPATEN MANOKWARI
Authors: Sejati Wahyu
Published: January 2021

Permasalahan yang ada adalah bahwa Daerah Irigasi (DI) Wariori tidak mampu beroperasi secara baik, sehingga lahan-lahan pertanian yang sudah direncanakan, tidak dapat diairi dengan optimal dan menjadi lahan tidur. Beberapa bangunan irigasi seperti bangunan bagi dan sadap mengalami kerusakan ringan, sedang maupun rusak berat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah adalah untuk melakukan perencanaan desain bangunan bagi  sadap di DI. Wariori khususnya di saluran primer. Perencanaan bangunan pada saluran primer terdapat 10 bangunan bagi sadap. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara primer dan sekunder dengan melakukan pengamatan langsung di lapangan. Metode yang dipakai adalah perhitungan pintu sorong untuk desain bangunan bagi sadapnya. Hasil dari curah hujan rencana dengan kala ulang 100 tahun adalah 205.20 mm/hari. Sedangkan hasil perhitungan debit untuk mengairi areal seluas 3450 ha adalah 4,51 m3/detik. Pada bangunan bagi di ruas BMJ.1 memiliki lebar pintu rencana 1 meter, bangunan bagi BMJ.2 memiliki lebar pintu rencana 1,1 m , 0,3 m dan 0,7 m. Bangunan bagi sadap BMJ 4 memiliki lebar pintu rencana 0,6 m dan 1,1 m. Bangunan bagi sadap BMJ 6 memiliki lebar pintu rencana 0,8 m. Bangunan bagi sadap BMJ 8 memiliki lebar pintu rencana 1,25 m dan 0,5 m. Bangunan bagi sadap BMJ 10 memiliki lebar pintu rencana 0,4 m dan bangunan bagi sadap BMJ.11 memiliki lebar pintu rencana 0,6 m.
PERANCANGAN SIMULASI PROMODEL UNTUK PERBAIKAN TATA LETAK LANTAI PRODUKSI COLD FINISHED BAR PT. IRON WIRE WORKS INDONESIA
Authors: Septiani Winnie , Ardiansyah Dino , Suwiryo Sucipto Adi
Published: January 2021

PT Iron Wire Work Indonesia memiliki permasalahan pada  penempatan mesin produksi Cold Finished Bar yang tidak sesuai dengan urutan kedekatan dalam proses produksinya dan metode pemindahan yang tidak terencana. Hal ini berdampak pada  pola aliran produksi dan besarnya besarnya waktu perpindahan material. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang model simulasi Promodel untuk evaluasi  perbaikan tata letak lantai produksi Cold Finished Bar. Perbaikan Tata letak lantai produksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Systematic Layout Planning (SLP).  Penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 tahapan utama  yaitu analisis sistem saat ini, merancang model simulasi, Promodel merancang perbaikan tata letak lantai produksidengan SLP, dan mengevaluasi perbaikan dengan Simulasi.  Hasil perbakan Tata Letak dengan SLP  menghasilkan dua alternatif iterasi blockplan dan tujuh skenario usulan perbaikan. Setiap usulan skenario perbaikan dievaluasi berdasarkan indikator waktu produksi.  Waktu produksi dalam penelitian ini didefinisikan sebagai waktu proses pembuatan Cold Finished Bar ditambah dengan waktu perpindahan. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa skenario keenam dengan perbaikan layout BlockPlan alternatif 2 ditambang dengan  satu unit shotblasting machine sebagai usulan terbaik dengan waktu produksi sebesar 273,4 jam dan persentase penurunan waktu proses produksi sebesar 25,71% dari model awal. Penurunan waktu produksi ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pencapaian target produksi perusahaan.
The High Priesthood of Memphis during the Old Kingdom and the First Intermediate Period. An Updating Study and a Prosopography
Authors:   Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (España), Cervelló Autuori Josep
Published: January 2021

The inscriptions recovered from the looted necropolis of Kom el-Khamaseen, located in southwest Saqqara and dated between the end of the Old Kingdom and the beginning of the First Intermediate Period, document a hitherto unknown high priest of Memphis: Imephor Impy Nikauptah. This character must be incorporated into our prosopographical repertoires and placed in his historical and cultural context. This provides a good opportunity to return to the issue of the Memphite pontificate during the third millennium B.C. as a whole. The aim of this article is therefore to offer, on the one hand, a systematic and updated overview of the subject by integrating the new data from Kom el-Khamaseen, drawing upon the complete sources, and critically reviewing the literature on the matter. On the other hand, it is also about providing a new reasoned chronological list and a prosopography of the Memphite high priests of the Old Kingdom and the First Intermediate Period.
Egyptian Predynastic Lice Combs: Analysis of an Ancestral Tool
Authors:   Consejería de Educación del Gobierno de Canarias (España), a Martínez del Río Álvarez Candelari
Published: January 2021

Combs are instruments of great antiquity and varied morphology, but there is one format that has remained practically unchanged since its first appearance: the two-sided lice (or nit) comb. Its shape is a response to global health needs across time and cultures. Egyptian lice combs have been in use since the Predynastic Period, and although their utilitarian function encourages uniformity, their shape has varied slightly. This study will focus on lice combs from the Predynastic, reviewing aspects from the purely functional to the typological, their possible applications with gender and age, and their place amongst funerary equipment
Silesian Harm and Upper Silesian Awakening
Authors: Muś Anna
Published: January 2021

The first part of the paper introduces the definition of the term Silesian harm and describes ways in which it can be observed among Upper Silesians. Further, the author elaborates on how the phenomenon emerged during the interwar period and how it was strengthened during and after the World War II, which led to exacerbation of national and ethnic conflicts in Upper Silesia. One of the effects of the World War II, was the invasion of the Red Army on Silesian lands and a wave of hatred, which led to the tragedy of the civilian population, referred to today as the Upper Silesian Tragedy. In the end, mechanisms of strengthening and consolidation of the sense of harm and abuse among the population of Upper Silesia are studied. The role of the Silesian harm in the process called 'the Upper Silesian awakening' has been scarcely studied in scholarly literature before, but its evolution indicates that the role it plays among the indigenous population of Upper Silesia has changed. Silesian harm is no longer seen as a stigma, but it has become a motivation for social and political action and participation.
Uwarunkowania osiągnięć szkolnych u badanych uczniów
Authors: Napora Elżbieta Wiesława
Published: January 2021

Celem badań było ustalenie wyznaczników osiągnięć szkolnych u dorastających uczniów. Aby odpowiedzieć na pytanie badawcze, jakimi predyktorami można objaśnić osiągnięcia szkolne u dorastających osób podzielonych ze względu na płeć, zebrano dane od 81 badanych osób za pomocą Skali Pomiaru Prężności – SPP-18, Kwestionariusza Relacji Rodzinnych (KRR) oraz wzięto pod uwagę średni semestralny wynik. Uzyskane wyniki jedynie pokazały, że dla osiągnięć szkolnych chłopców istotne znaczenie poza wysoką ich prężnością ma także, wymiar relacji z matką, autonomia – kontrola.
When the family suffers. Assistance, support and guiding (review)
Authors: Šuľová Michaela
Published: January 2021

review: 

When the family suffers. Assistance, support and guiding

 (VANCÁKOVÁ, Soňa. Keď rodina trpí. Pomoc, podpora a sprevádzanie. Košice: Equilibria, 2020. 120 p. ISBN 978-80-8143-270-5)
Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em escola pública de uma cidade do Pará
Authors: De Oliveira Karolyne Bezerra , Cotrim Thayná Silva , Aguiar James Santos , Valente Patrícia Reis , De Souza Ana Paula Ramos , Pimenta Murilo Brandão , Fonseca Darlinton Cardoso , Rodrigues Vinicius Francisco Fernandes , Vieira Yanka Rafaela da Costa Neto , Martins Cláudia Nazaré de Souza Almeida Titan
Published: January 2021

O objetivo do estudo é verificar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em adolescentes matriculados no sexto ano letivo de uma escola pública de uma cidade do Pará. Foram utilizados para a pesquisa todos os adolescentes que se enquadrem nos critérios de inclusão. Foi utilizado de balanças e fitas métricas para aferição dos dados necessários para a pesquisa, ao mesmo tempo em que questionados o sexo e a idade desses jovens para que se possa comparar as diferenças entre os sexos e que se possa determinar o grupo etário em que cada um se encaixou. Projeto aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP). Foram analisados 62 adolescentes, sendo 28 do sexo feminino e o restando do masculino. A média de idade foi 12 anos, 69,4% foi classificado como eutrófico, nota-se proporções semelhante de adolescentes com altura entre 1,0 - 1,49 m (48,4%) e entre 1,5 - 1,99 (51,6%), maior frequência entre 60 e 69 cm (42,0%) de circunferência abdominal. A avaliação dos resultados mostrou que a prevalência de sobrepeso entre o grupo feminino é maior que o masculino.
Análise do cardápio fornecido aos discentes do ensino fundamental em um município do Amazonas
Authors: Oliveira Rainara de Souza , Penha Aline Pereira , De Oliveira Raquel Peres , De Oliveira Luziane Bastos , Fanaro Gustavo Bernardes
Published: January 2021

Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo realizar a análise do cardápio escolar fornecido aos discentes do ensino fundamental das redes Municipal e Estadual de ensino do Município de Coari (AM), comparando os dados com as recomendações do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE). Os dados foram obtidos através da coleta de informações dos cardápios e das fichas de preparações das refeições servidas no mês de outubro de 2019 nas escolas de ensino fundamental da rede Municipal e Estadual da cidade de Coari. Durante a análise dos dados foi encontrado uma grande prevalência de inadequações na composição do cardápio ofertado aos escolares tanto na quantidade de energia, quanto nas quantidades de macro e micronutrientes. As inadequações dos valores encontrados na composição nutricional do cardápio escolar é prejudicial e expõe o aluno as carências nutricionais, além de influenciar no desenvolvimento físico, intelectual e mental dos estudantes.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Adas (Foeniculum Vulgare Mill) Dengan Metode DPPH Dan FRAP
Authors: Abdul Ahwan
Published: January 2021

Antioksidan merupakan senyawa yang dapat meredam radikal bebas. Tanaman adas (Foeniculum Vulgare Mill) salah satu tanaman yang mengandung senyawa polifenol. Senyawa polifenol yang tinggi diketahui sebagai sumber antioksidan. Ekstraksi daun adas dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Skrining fitokimia dengan metode KLT dilakukan secara kualitatif untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol daun adas mempunyai kandungan senyawa yang mampu memberikan aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan reaksi penyemprotan dengan DPPH. Aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan dengan metode DPPH (2,2 difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) dan FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) menggunakan instrumen spektrofotometri UV-Vis. DPPH merupakan uji aktivitas antioksidan berdasarkan transfer atom hidrogen, sedangkan FRAP berdasarkan kemampuan mereduksi ion ferri menjadi ferro. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun adas pada metode DPPH dan FRAP mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan lemah (IC50 >150 μg/mL). Ditunjukan dari nilai IC50 DPPH sebesar 223,61 μg/mL, dan FRAP sebesar 987,84 μg/mL. Sedangkan Vitamin C sebagai pembanding menunjukan aktivitas antioksidan kuat (IC50 >150 μg/mL). Pada metode DPPH dihasilkan nilai IC50 Vitamin C sebesar 3,20 μg/mL dan FRAP sebesar 31,1 μg/mL.
Chatbot Sebagai Wadah Informasi Perkembangan Covid-19 di Kota Pekanbaru Menggunakan Platform Whatsapp
Authors: Bin Lukman Khairul Umam Syaliman , Yuliska Yuliska , Najwa Nina Fadilah
Published: January 2021

Perkembangan penularan Covid-19 ini cukup signifikan karena penyebarannya sudah mendunia dan seluruh negara merasakan dampaknya termasuk Indonesia.Pemerintah Indonesia baik pemerintah pusat maupun pemerintah daerah telah memberikan kebijakan Work from Home (WFH), belajar dari rumah, beribadah di rumah dan membatasi kegiatan yang mengundang khalayak ramai. Kebutuhan informasi terkait perkembangan Covid-19 juga sangat dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat. Akan tetapi, informasi yang berkembang di kalangan masyarakat masih dipertanyakan keabsahan informasinya. Sehingga, dibutuhkan sumber terpercaya dan informasi yang berasal dari pemerintah daerah dan pemerintah pusat. Peran media massa memberikan informasi yang baik dan benar, sehingga tidak menimbulkan kericuhan akibat isu-isu yang belum jelas kebenarannya. Chatbot atau chatterbot merupakan program yang mampu memproses masukan dari pengguna dan menghasilkan tanggapan yang kemudian dikirim kembali ke pengguna. Kebutuhan informasi akan penyebaran Covid-19 yang bisa diperoleh dengan chatbot di platform whatsapp tentunya sangat dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat khususnya masyarakat di Pekanbaru. Layanan chatbot yang mampu memberikan informasi terkini terkait jumlah pasien positif Covid-19, jumlah Pasien Dalam Pengawasan (PDP), jumlah Orang Dalam Pemantauan (ODP), hingga informasi berupa pengetahuan untuk pencegahan Covid-19. Pembangunan chatbot ini akan menggunakan metode string matching dengan metode pengembangan sistem prototype. Dengan implementasi chatbot dengan platform whatsapp ini diharapkan mampu memberikan informasi terpercaya yang bersumber dari data milik pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru dan dapat menyediakan informasi pengetahuan tentang Covid-19 yang benar dan valid. Dengan aplikasi chatbot bagi para praktisi dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan dan pencegahan agar melakukan social distancing untuk memutus rantai penyebaran Covid-19.