bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Template switching during DNA replication is a prevalent source of adaptive gene amplification
Authors: Chuong Julie N , Ben Nun Nadav , Suresh Ina , Matthews Julia Cano , De Titir , Avecilla Grace , Abdul-Rahman Farah , Brandt Nathan , Ram Yoav , Gresham David
Published: August 2024

Copy number variants (CNVs) are an important source of genetic variation underlying rapid adaptation and genome evolution. Whereas point mutation rates vary with genomic location and local DNA features, the role of genome architecture in the formation and evolutionary dynamics of CNVs is poorly understood. Previously, we found the GAP1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergoes frequent amplification and selection in glutamine-limitation. The gene is flanked by two long terminal repeats (LTRs) and proximate to an origin of DNA replication (autonomously replicating sequence, ARS), which likely promote rapid GAP1 CNV formation. To test the role of these genomic elements on CNV-mediated adaptive evolution, we evolved engineered strains lacking either the adjacent LTRs, ARS, or all elements in glutamine-limited chemostats. Using a CNV reporter system and neural network simulation-based inference (nnSBI) we quantified the formation rate and fitness effect of CNVs for each strain. Removal of local DNA elements significantly impacts the fitness effect of GAP1 CNVs and the rate of adaptation. In 177 CNV lineages, across all four strains, between 26% and 80% of all GAP1 CNVs are mediated by Origin Dependent Inverted Repeat Amplification (ODIRA) which results from template switching between the leading and lagging strand during DNA synthesis. In the absence of the local ARS, distal ones mediate CNV formation via ODIRA. In the absence of local LTRs, homologous recombination can mediate gene amplification following de novo retrotransposon events. Our study reveals that template switching during DNA replication is a prevalent source of adaptive CNVs.
Spatial patterns and sociodemographic predictors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Florida
Authors: Howard Sara , Odoi Agricola
Published: August 2024

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic, inflammatory respiratory disease that obstructs airflow and decreases lung function and is a leading cause death globally. In the United States (US), the prevalence among adults is 6.2%, but increases with age to 12.8% among those 65 years or older. Florida has one of the largest populations of older adults in the US, accounting for 4.5 million adults 65 years or older. This makes Florida an ideal geographic location for investigating COPD as disease prevalence increases with age. Understanding the geographic disparities in COPD and potential associations between its disparities and environmental factors as well as population characteristics is useful in guiding intervention strategies. Thus, the objectives of this study are to investigate county-level geographic disparities of COPD prevalence in Florida and identify county-level socio-demographic predictors of COPD prevalence.

Methods

This ecological study was performed in Florida using data obtained from the US Census Bureau, Florida Health CHARTS, and County Health Rankings and Roadmaps. County-level COPD prevalence for 2019 was age-standardized using the direct method and 2020 US population as the standard population. High-prevalence spatial clusters of COPD were identified using Tango’s flexible spatial scan statistics. Predictors of county-level COPD prevalence were investigated using multivariable ordinary least squares model built using backwards elimination approach. Multicollinearity of regression coefficients was assessed using variance inflation factor. Shapiro-Wilks, Breusch Pagan, and robust Lagrange Multiplier tests were used to assess for normality, homoskedasticity, and spatial autocorrelation of model residuals, respectively.

Results

County-level age-adjusted COPD prevalence ranged from 4.7% (Miami-Dade) to 16.9% (Baker and Bradford) with a median prevalence of 9.6%. A total of 6 high-prevalence clusters with prevalence ratios >1.2 were identified. The primary cluster, which was also the largest geographic cluster that included 13 counties, stretched from Nassau County in north-central Florida to Charlotte County in south-central Florida. However, cluster 2 had the highest prevalence ratio (1.68) and included 10 counties in north-central Florida. Together, the primary cluster and cluster 2 covered most of the counties in north-central Florida. Significant predictors of county-level COPD prevalence were county-level percentage of residents with asthma and the percentage of current smokers.

Conclusions

There is evidence of spatial clusters of COPD prevalence in Florida. These patterns are explained, in part, by differences in distribution of some health behaviors (smoking) and co-morbidities (asthma). This information is important for guiding intervention efforts to address the condition, reduce health disparities, and improve population health.
Mechanical Response of Steel Sheets with Perforations for Composite Floor Systems with Reinforced Concrete and the Application of Emitted Magnetic Signals as an Approximate Tool for Structural Monitoring.
Authors: Nuñez-Moreno Federico A , Ramírez-Benavides Viviana , Montenegro-Bermúdez Jorge
Published: August 2024

Recently composite flooring systems have been widely accepted as a construction solution, due to their various constructive advantages, Among them mainly the savings during construction which results in lower costs. This calls for a continuous study to improve said flooring system. In the present research, the flexural capacity of a series of composite flooring prototypes (made of concrete plus a steel deck with a surface modification into a vented deck), helped in comparing the mechanical response (maximum load and deflection) with classical composite steel deck systems. At the same time as monitoring deflection (as the load changed), one sensor reported the surface magnetic flux at a nearby area. It was possible to see a strong correlation between larger changes in deflection and the emanated magnetic flux at the surface of the steel deck. Three stages are available to see as the test continued: i) complete elastic behavior, ii) rise in tensile demand on the steel deck, iii) loosening of the composite behavior and ultimately collapse. Mechanical results show almost no difference between those composite flooring systems made with continuous steel decks when compared to those with vented decks.
Oral Epithelial Dysplasia: A Narrative Review on Histological Grading, Computer-aided Diagnostics and Treatment Approaches
Authors: Rahman Taibur , Mahanta Lipi B
Published: August 2024

Head and Neck (H&N) cancer represents a significant global health burden, ranking sixth among all cancer types worldwide, with a particularly high prevalence in developing countries. Oral cancer, a subset of H&N cancer, encompasses malignant growths within the oral cavity region. Oral Epithelial Dysplasia (OED) serves as a precursor lesion to oral cancer and is identifiable through histological examination by pathologists. While histological grading correlates with progression cancer risk, accurately predicting lesion advancement remains challenging due to limited research and study. Despite established grading criteria based on architectural and cytological changes in the oral cavity histological images, variability exists among pathologists in assessing OED presence and grade. The present article explores OED as a precancerous lesion, delving into various histological grading systems based on architectural and cytological changes. Additionally, it examines the role of Computer-aided Diagnostics (CAD) leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) in OED detection. Lastly, the paper discusses treatment modalities for oral cavity cancers.
Music Therapy 101 for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of Current Trends and Future Directions
Authors: Murianki Eric
Published: August 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) poses significant challenges to individuals, families, and healthcare systems globally. Currently, there is no cure for AD, and available therapies focus on managing symptoms and slowing disease progression. Given the limitations of pharmacological treatments in halting the progression of AD, there is increasing interest in non-pharmacological interventions such as music therapy. This review explores the therapeutic benefits of music therapy for AD patients, evaluating empirical evidence from clinical studies and exploring the underlying mechanisms that contribute to its effectiveness. Additionally, this review discusses the practical implications of integrating music therapy into treatment plans. It identifies future research directions to understand further and enhance its impact on AD patients’ cognitive functioning and quality of life.
Essential Oils as a Control Alternative of Fusarium Falciforme, Responsible for Causing Onion (Allium cepa L.) Basal Rot Disease
Authors: Hamidou Sogoba Kouka , Harouna Sawadogo , Kounbo Dabire , Abdoul-Hack Simpore , Bakary Djibo , Alassane Ouattara , Koïta Kadidia
Published: August 2024

In Burkina Faso, onions (Allium cepa L.) are one of the main vegetable crops. It is a very important source of income for producers. However, its production is subject to loss, one of the main ones being disease caused by fungal pathogens, including Fusarium falciforme, which causes onions basal rot. This study aimed to contribute to the onion production improvement through agroecological methods by setting up a pathogenicity test and an antifungal test based on essential oils of local plants against Fusarium falciforme. For the pathogenicity test, a conidial suspension of each strain was produced at 1 x 106 conidia/ml using a haematimeter. It was carried out in the Biosciences Laboratory of Joseph KI-ZERBO University and in the greenhouse. A randomized block design with 04 replicates and 06 treatments was used. For antifungal test, the method by direct contact was used. The germination rate parameter was measured in the laboratory. The rate of emergence and damping-off were assessed in the greenhouse. The pathogenicity test results showed that the impact of Fusarium falciforme on onion seeds was relatively high in all pots. As regards the antifungal test, results showed a significant inhibitory effect of the essential oils used on the mycelial growth of Fusarium falciforme. All the essential oil concentrations of Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon nardus were able to completely inhibit the fungus' growth. In contrast, the essential oil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis showed little mycelial growth at 1 %, 2 % and 3 % concentrations of 1.05 to 2.85 cm, with an inhibition rate of 63.83 % to 86.68 %. Based on these results, biopesticide-based biocontrol of Fusarium falciforme is therefore possible for onions basal rot management.
Influence of Organic Amendments on Ginger (Zingiber officinale rosc.) Growth and Yield
Authors: Sreeja Konathachira , (LKN) D.K. Ghosh , Belagumpi Mahendra , Chattopadhyay N. , Bandyopadhyay A.
Published: August 2024

The present investigation was conducted during the year 2020-22 at the Horticultural Research Station, Mondouri, BCKV, Nadia, West Bengal. The variety Gorubathan was selected for this study. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design. Raised beds of 3.0 m x 1.0 m and 15 cm in height were prepared. The main objective was to study the influence of organic amendments on growth, yield and economics of ginger. There were altogether five combinations of FYM and neem cake with six replications namely FYM@ 15t ha-1 + neem cake@ 1t ha-1(T1), FYM @15 t ha-1+ neem cake@ 2t ha-1 (T2), FYM@ 15 t ha-1 + neem cake@ 3 t ha-1(T3), FYM@ 23 (15+8) t ha-1 (T4) and FYM @ 15t ha-1 (Control). Application of FYM @15t ha-1 + neem cake@ 3 t ha-1, (e.g. T3) recorded maximum plant height of 39.68 cm, 65.33cm and79.58cm at 90,150 and 180 days after planting. At harvest T3 recorded maximum weight of 191.91g per clump, 3.63 primary fingers 4.22, secondary fingers, and highest projected yield (24.49t ha-1) respectively. Highest B: C ratio of 2.35 along with maximum net return of Rs 687341 ha-1 was recorded in the combination of FYM @15t ha-1 + neem cake@ 3 t ha-1, (T3).
Considering all the parameters it may be concluded that FYM@15t ha-1+neem cake@ 3tha-1 (T3) was the most effective organic treatment combination for obtaining maximum profit from ginger and may be recommended. In view of the world demand for organic food, the improvement of soil health, productivity and the availability of local resources, cultivation under organic farming can be encouraged.
Humic Acid Foliation and Nutrient Levels Concerning Yield and Quality of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L. Convar. Saccharata)
Authors: Haranal Kiran , M. Hanumanthappa, , Mavarkar Narayana S , Mopagar Manjunath Madhukar
Published: August 2024

The increasing demand for sweet corn has driven the need for innovative agricultural practices to enhance yield and quality. One such promising approach is the foliar application of humic acid combined with varied nutrient levels. We aimed to conduct a field to study the effect of foliar application of humic acid on the growth and yield of Sweet corn (Zea mays convar. saccharata L.) at AHRS Kathalagere, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga the summer of 2021. The various treatments included a combination of RDF with different concentrations of humic acid to improve the yield and quality of sweet corn. The significant effect of the application of humic acid with varied nutrient levels at recommended dosages on plant height, number of leaves, Leaf area, leaf area index, yield, yield parameters, and quality parameters of sweet corn were studied. The highest cob yield of 198.18 q ha-1 was in the application of 125% RDF + humic acid at 2% foliar spray as compared to the recommended dose of fertilizers with an increase of 25.28% and green fodder yield of 263.80 q ha-1 was achieved with an increase of 17.88%. The accumulation of crude protein (5.25%), total sugars (23.21%), reducing sugars (3.14%) and non-reducing sugars (19.06%) were observed to be highest in the foliar spray of 2% humic acid combined with 125% RDF. With these additional effects of humic acid, farmers can achieve higher yield and good quality of sweet corn to fulfill the increasing demand.
A solar cycle of upper thermosphere density observations from the EISCAT Svalbard Radar
Authors: Vickers H. , Kosch M. J. , Sutton E. , Bjoland L. , Ogawa Y. , La Hoz C.
Published: July 2014

We exploit a recently developed technique, based on ion‐neutral coupling, which allows estimations of the upper thermospheric neutral density using measurements of ionospheric plasma parameters made by the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) Svalbard Radar (ESR). The technique is applied to a 13 year long data set of measurements for the purpose of studying and quantifying the effect of solar activity on the upper thermospheric density inside the polar cap. We concentrate on the effect of solar activity at 350 km altitude and find a strong linear correlation between the ESR estimates for the atomic oxygen density and the solar irradiance proxy F10.7 index. We use the relationship to isolate variations in the thermospheric density that are present after solar activity influences are removed. Our results show a decrease in the density of a few percent over the 13 year period, which is nevertheless smaller than the uncertainty associated with the decline. We anticipate that the statistical significance of this result will only increase by studying a longer data set. Conjunctions with the CHAMP satellite that show very good agreement is achieved at 350 km especially during low solar activity.
Sources of uncertainty in ionospheric modeling: The neutral wind
Authors: David Michael , Sojka Jan J. , Schunk Robert W.
Published: July 2014

The neutral wind is a critical input parameter for physics‐based ionospheric models, affecting both the height of the F layer and the total electron content. Unfortunately, the currently available models of the thermospheric wind do not seem to represent it very accurately, and this places a serious limitation on the effectiveness of ionospheric modeling and forecasting. We make use of several decades' worth of midlatitude ionosonde observations of the F region peak, in order to compare the effectiveness of several neutral wind models when used as drivers for an ionospheric model. We check the simulation results against the ground truth of the ionosonde observations using the technique of forecast skill scores. We find that with the ionospheric model in use here (the Utah State University Time Dependent Ionospheric Model (TDIM)), a very simple neutral wind pattern outperforms the more complex models. Increases in skill scores as high as 50% are obtained, relative to the reference case of zero wind; also, in some cases, there are similarly large decreases in skill scores. We view this as a sensitivity study, rather than an effort to identify the best wind model in an absolute sense, because any ionospheric model is an assemblage of algorithms, boundary conditions, and drivers that are themselves imperfect. We identify reasons for the large variability in skill scores with respect to season, longitude, and solar cycle level. We close with a brief discussion of other parameters in ionospheric modeling that are similarly uncertain, e.g., a downward electron flux and the Burnside factor.
Central neuropathic pain in MS is due to distinct thoracic spinal cord lesions
Authors: Okuda Darin T. , Melmed Kara , Matsuwaki Takashi , Blomqvist Anders , Craig Arthur D. Bud
Published: July 2014

Objective

To determine a neuro‐anatomic cause for central neuropathic pain (CNP) observed in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

Methods

Parallel clinical and neuro‐anatomical studies were performed. A clinical investigation of consecutively acquired MS patients with and without CNP (i.e. cold allodynia or deep hyperesthesia) within a single MS center was pursued. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between an upper central thoracic spinal cord focus to central pain complaints. To identify the hypothesized autonomic interneurons with bilateral descending projections to lumbosacral sensory neurons, retrograde single‐ and double‐labeling experiments with CTb and fluorescent tracers were performed in three animal species (i.e. rat, cat, and monkey).

Results

Clinical data were available in MS patients with (n = 32; F:23; median age: 34.6 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 27.4–45.5)) and without (n = 30; F:22; median age: 36.6 years [IQR: 31.6–47.1]) CNP. The value of a central focus between T1–T6 in relation to CNP demonstrated a sensitivity of 96.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 83.8–99.9) and specificity of 83.3% (95% CI: 65.3–94.4). A significant relationship between CNP and a centrally located focus within the thoracic spine was also observed (odds ratio [OR]: 155.0 [95% CI lower limit: 16.0]; P < 0.0001, two‐tailed Fisher exact test). In all animal models, neurons with bilateral descending projections to the lumbosacral superficial dorsal horn were concentrated in the autonomic intermediomedial nucleus surrounding the mid‐thoracic central canal.

Interpretation

Our observations provide the first evidence for the etiology of CNP. These data may assist with the development of refined symptomatic therapies and allow for insights into unique pain syndromes observed in other demyelinating subtypes.
Self‐tuning fusion Kalman filter weighted by scalars and its convergence analysis for multi‐channel autoregressive moving average signals
Authors: Tao Guili , Deng Zili
Published: July 2014

For the multi‐sensor multi‐channel autoregressive (AR) moving average signals with white measurement noises and an AR‐colored measurement noise, a multi‐stage information fusion identification method is presented when model parameters and noise variances are partially unknown. The local estimators of model parameters and noise variances are obtained by the multidimensional recursive instrumental variable algorithm and correlation method, and the fused estimators are obtained by taking the average of the local estimators. They have the strong consistency. Substituting them into the optimal information fusion Kalman filter weighted by scalars, a self‐tuning fusion Kalman filter for multi‐channel AR moving average signals is presented. Applying the dynamic error system analysis method, it is proved that the proposed self‐tuning fusion Kalman filter converges to the optimal fusion Kalman filter in a realization, so that it has asymptotic optimality. A simulation example for a target tracking system with three sensors shows its effectiveness. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidative Katalyse mit dem stöchiometrischen Oxidans als Reagens: eine effiziente Strategie für Einelektronentransfer‐induzierte Anion‐Radikal‐Tandemreaktionen
Authors: Kafka František , Holan Martin , Hidasová Denisa , Pohl Radek , Císařová Ivana , Klepetářová Blanka , Jahn Ullrich
Published: July 2014

Oxidative katalytische Einelektronentransfer‐Tandemprozesse aus konjugierten Additions‐ und Radikalreaktionen, die das notwendige stöchiometrische Oxidans als Funktionalität im Produkt einbauen, werden vorgestellt.
Oxidative Catalysis Using the Stoichiometric Oxidant as a Reagent: An Efficient Strategy for Single‐Electron‐Transfer‐Induced Tandem Anion–Radical Reactions
Authors: Kafka František , Holan Martin , Hidasová Denisa , Pohl Radek , Císařová Ivana , Klepetářová Blanka , Jahn Ullrich
Published: July 2014

Oxidative single‐electron transfer‐catalyzed tandem reactions consisting of a conjugate addition and a radical cyclization are reported, which incorporate the mandatory terminal oxidant as a functionality into the product.
Bone Modeling Patterns and Morphometric Craniofacial Variation in Individuals From Two Prehistoric Human Populations From Argentina
Authors: Brachetta Aporta Natalia , Martinez‐Maza Cayetana , Gonzalez Paula N. , Bernal Valeria
Published: July 2014

Native human populations from South America display high levels of craniofacial variation encompassing gracile and robust skulls. Nevertheless, the processes of bone modeling by which morphological variation among populations were attained, remain poorly understood. Here we analyze the relationship between patterns of bone formation and resorption and morphometric variation in the upper face of adults belonging to farmers and hunter‐gatherers from northwestern and south Argentina. Our analyses reveal a common pattern of bone modeling of the malar bone characterized by the presence of formation areas. Thus, the larger size and greater development of malar bone exhibited by hunter‐gatherers would be linked to a greater magnitude of bone formation activity. Conversely, the glabella and the superciliary arch presented both formation and resorption areas with a variable distribution among individuals. In the extreme corresponding to more robust morphologies, the great development of the glabella is related to the presence of large formation fields, both in the upper region and toward the frontonasal suture. The less robust morphologies show resorption fields at the upper margin of the glabella, which would contribute to the weaker development of this region. The superciliary arch showed a complex relationship between its morphometric and histological variation; the individuals located at both extremes of the shape space presented large resorption areas located on its upper margin. Overall, our results show the existence of intraspecific variation in the patterns of bone modeling in the human upper face. Anat Rec, 297:1829–1838, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rezeptorenaffinität ekliptisch fixierter Tryptamin‐ und Serotonin Analoga
Authors: Rehse Klaus , Peetsch Rainer , Kehr Wolfgang
Published: July 2014

Sechs 3‐Indolyl‐bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan‐2‐amine und sechs 3‐Indolyl‐1,4:5,8‐perhydrodimethanonaphthalin‐2‐amine, in denen die ekliptische Konformation von Tryptamin‐, 5‐Methoxytryptamin‐ und 5‐Hydroxytryptaminstrukturen sterisch fixiert ist, wurden dargestellt. Die Tryptaminanaloga 12a–14a zeigen hohe und spezifische Affinität zu neuronalen 5‐HT‐2‐Rezeptoren während die Serotoinananaloga 16–19 hochgradige (IC50 < 1 μmol/l) und spezifische Affinität zum 5‐HT‐1‐Rezeptor zeigen. Thrombocytäre Serotoninrezeptoren werden nicht beeinflußt.
Phosphorus Pentoxide in Organic Synthesis XXXII: A New Synthesis of Quipazine and Its N‐Methyl Derivatives
Authors: Jensen Jørgen A. , Pedersen Erik B.
Published: July 2014

2‐(4‐Methyl‐1‐piperazinyl)quinolines 1 were prepared by heating acetanilides and N, N‐dialkylformamides with a mixture of P2O5 and N‐methylpiperazine at 250°. Quipazine was obtained by von Braun degradation of 1a to N‐cyano‐N′‐(2‐quinolyl)piperazine (2) and hydrolysis in sulfuric acid.
Reduction and Determination of 1‐[2‐Phenyl‐2‐(hydroxyimino)‐ethyl]‐6‐methylquinolinium Chloride on the Dropping Mercury Electrode
Authors: Karljiković‐Rajić K. , Stanković B. , Korićanac Z.
Published: July 2014

The polarographic behavior of 1‐[2‐phenyl‐2‐(hydroxyimino)ethyl]‐6‐methylquinolinium chloride has been investigated. The pH of the Britton‐Robinson buffer, used as supporting electrolyte, influences the position of the half‐wave potential which shifts towards more negative values with increasing pH. Well defined, diffusively controlled cathodic waves were observed in acid medium for the overall irreversible reduction of the azomethine group to a primary amino group. A single four‐electron reduction is obtained and a mechanism has been proposed for the reduction. The ratio id/c remains constant and allows a rapid and reproducible determination of the compound (CV = 0.54–2.10 %).
Die Reaktion von Enaminothionen mit Iminiumsalzen
Authors: Möhrle Hans , Bangert Reinhard
Published: July 2014

Die vom Dimedon abgeleiteten N‐primären und N‐sekundären Enaminothione ergeben mit Methyleniminium‐Salzen ausschließlich C‐Mannichbasen.
Synthesis of [1,2,4]triazolo[3′,4′: 3,4] [1,2,4]triazino[5,6‐b]indole derivatives and 3‐substituted 5‐ethyl‐H‐1,2,4‐triazino[5,6‐b] Indole
Authors: Younes Mansour I. , Abdel‐Alim Abdel‐Alim M. , Abbas Hessan H. , Metwally Saoud A.
Published: July 2014

5‐Ethyl‐3‐hydrazino‐5H‐1,2,4‐triazino|5,6‐b|indole (2) reacts with aromatic aldehydes in anhydrous ethanol to yield substituted arylidene‐(5‐ethyl‐5H‐1,2,4‐triazino|5,6‐b|indol‐3‐yl)hydrazones 3. Treatment of 3 with excess SOCl2 gave 10‐ethyl‐1‐aryl‐10H‐| 1,2,4]triazolo|3′,4′:3,4| 1,2,4|triazino|5,6‐b|indoles 4, while the reaction of 2 with CS2 in methanolic KOH afforded 10‐ethyl‐2,10‐dihydro‐1 H‐| 1,2,4|triazolo|3′,4′3,4‖ 1,2,4|triazino|5,6‐b|indol‐1‐thione (5). Fusion of 1 with aromatic amines leads to 3‐(arylamino)‐5‐ethyl‐5H‐1,2,4‐triazino|5,6‐b|indoles 6, whereas the reaction of 1 with alkyl or aralkyl halides in anhydrous acetone and in the presence of anhydrous K2CO3 results in the alkylation of the thiol group to give the alkylthio or aralkylthio derivatives 7.
Transformation of Secoiridoid Glucosides to Pyridine Alkaloids
Authors: Willems Michael
Published: July 2014

Treatment of secoiridoid glucosides from fruits of Ligustrum vulgare L.1) with 5 % H2SO4 and subsequently with NH3 results in up to 12 spots on TLC which give positive tests for alkaloids. Four of these compounds have been isolated. LA 1 (1), LA 2 (2) and LA 6 (3) are new pyridine alkaloids, LA 12 (4) is identical with jasminine, previously isolated from a number of Jasminum species, Ligustrum novoguineense Lingelsheim2) and Olea paniculata R. Br.3).
Biochemisch‐pharmakologische Untersuchungen pflanzlicher Arzneistoffe, 3. Mitt.: Hemmwirkung von Phenylpropanderivaten auf eine esterolytische Protease in vitro
Authors: Gracza L. , Ruff P.
Published: July 2014

Drei Phenylpropanderivate von Symphyti herba bzw. vier Flavonoide aus Asari folium wurden auf ihre antiproteolytische Aktivität geprüft. Die Phenylpropanderivate zeigen eine ausgeprägte Hemmwirkung gegenüber Trypsin, wobei die Aktivität in der Reinhenfolge Rosmarin‐ > Chlorogen‐ > und Kaffeesäure abnimmt. Die Flavonoide sind unwirksam. – Die Resultate wurden mit ihrer relativen adstringierenden bzw. mit der Hemmwirkung auf Lipidoxidation verglichen, die Relevanz der Befunde wird für die Wirkung antiinflammatorisch wirkender, Rosmarinsäure‐haltiger Arzneipflanzen diskutiert.
Do “altmetrics” correlate with citations? Extensive comparison of altmetric indicators with citations from a multidisciplinary perspective
Authors: Costas Rodrigo , Zahedi Zohreh , Wouters Paul
Published: July 2014

An extensive analysis of the presence of different altmetric indicators provided by Altmetric.com across scientific fields is presented, particularly focusing on their relationship with citations. Our results confirm that the presence and density of social media altmetric counts are still very low and not very frequent among scientific publications, with 15%–24% of the publications presenting some altmetric activity and concentrated on the most recent publications, although their presence is increasing over time. Publications from the social sciences, humanities, and the medical and life sciences show the highest presence of altmetrics, indicating their potential value and interest for these fields. The analysis of the relationships between altmetrics and citations confirms previous claims of positive correlations but is relatively weak, thus supporting the idea that altmetrics do not reflect the same kind of impact as citations. Also, altmetric counts do not always present a better filtering of highly‐cited publications than journal citation scores. Altmetric scores (particularly mentions in blogs) are able to identify highly‐cited publications with higher levels of precision than journal citation scores (JCS), but they have a lower level of recall. The value of altmetrics as a complementary tool of citation analysis is highlighted, although more research is suggested to disentangle the potential meaning and value of altmetric indicators for research evaluation.
Effects of stimulation frequency and intensity in sacral neuromodulation on anorectal inputs to the somatosensory cortex in an experimental model
Authors: Evers J , Devane L , Carrington E V , Scott S M , Knowles C H , O'Connell P R , Jones J F X
Published: July 2014

Introduction

Although sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is an established treatment for faecal incontinence, stimulation parameters have been derived empirically and only one frequency (14 Hz) is employed clinically. The aim of this study was to test a range of stimulation frequencies to establish an optimal frequency of SNM for maximum augmentation of anal canal cortical evoked potentials (EPs) in an animal model.

Methods

In female Wistar rats, anal canal EPs were recorded over the primary somatosensory cortex using a flexible multielectrode array, and the effect of SNM was studied. SNM was applied at 0·1–100 Hz and a frequency response curve plotted. The data were fitted to a quadratic equation.

Results

The magnitude of potentiation of anal canal EPs caused by SNM depended significantly on stimulation frequency (P < 0·001). The frequency–potentiation relationship was parabolic in form, with a clear optimum at 2 Hz. The SNM must be applied for at least 3 min. The theoretical maximal potentiation predicted by the model was not found to be statistically different to actual data recorded (P = 0·514–0·814). The response depended on stimulation amplitude in an ‘all-or-nothing’ fashion. EPs were augmented when the SNM intensity was 0·5 times the motor threshold to tail twitch or greater, but values below this intensity failed to affect the EPs.

Conclusion

The effect of SNM in this animal model is governed principally by frequency, with an optimum of 2 Hz. If animal data can be translated to humans, optimization of SNM frequency may offer a clinically relevant improvement in the efficacy of SNM.
Thou Shalt Not Covet Another Man? Exploring Constructions of Same‐Sex and Different‐Sex Infidelity Using Story Completion
Authors: Clarke Victoria , Braun Virginia , Wooles Kate
Published: July 2014

This study explores conceptualisations of same‐ versus different‐sex infidelity in the context of a heterosexual marriage using story completion. A convenience sample of 57 female and male participants completed one of four versions of a story stem featuring a husband who is either emotionally or sexually unfaithful with a woman or a man. A social constructionist thematic analysis found that same‐sex infidelity was conceptualised as the ‘worst case scenario’ and was underpinned by a heteronormative framing of repressed homosexuality. By contrast, heterosexual infidelity was understood in terms of relational deficits and the wife assuming responsibility for these. Overall, the analysis shows that in making sense of same‐sex and heterosexual infidelity, the participants drew on familiar discourses of sexuality and gender, suggesting that despite social psychological theorising related to sexual fluidity, essentialist ideas remain firmly in place. Methodologically, the study demonstrates the usefulness of a rarely used tool—the story completion task—for accessing socio‐cultural discourses and dominant meanings surrounding a particular topic. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic sprites: artistic authoring of interactive animations
Authors: Jones Ben , Popovic Jovan , McCann James , Li Wilmot , Bargteil Adam
Published: July 2014

Traditional methods for creating dynamic objects and characters from static drawings involve careful tweaking of animation curves and/or simulation parameters. Sprite sheets offer a more drawing‐centric solution, but they do not encode timing information or the logic that determines how objects should transition between poses and cannot generalize outside the given drawings. We present an approach for creating dynamic sprites that leverages sprite sheets while addressing these limitations. In our system, artists create a drawing, deform it to specify a small number of example poses, and indicate which poses can be interpolated. To make the object move, we design a procedural simulation to navigate the pose manifold in response to external or user‐controlled forces. Powerful artistic control is achieved by allowing the artist to specify both the pose manifold and how it is navigated, while physics is leveraged to provide timing and generality. We used our method to create sprites with a range of different dynamic properties. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paenilarvins: Iturin Family Lipopeptides from the Honey Bee Pathogen Paenibacillus larvae
Authors: Sood Sakshi , Steinmetz Heinrich , Beims Hannes , Mohr Kathrin I. , Stadler Marc , Djukic Marvin , von der Ohe Werner , Steinert Michael , Daniel Rolf , Müller Rolf
Published: July 2014

The bacterium Paenibacillus larvae has been extensively studied as it is an appalling honey bee pathogen. In the present work, we screened crude extracts derived from fermentations of P. larvae genotypes ERIC I and II for antimicrobial activity, following the detection of four putative secondary metabolite gene clusters that show high sequence homology to known biosynthetic gene clusters for the biosynthesis of antibiotics. Low molecular weight metabolites produced by P. larvae have recently been shown to have toxic effects on honey bee larvae. Moreover, a novel tripeptide, sevadicin, was recently characterized from laboratory cultures of P. larvae. In this study, paenilarvins, which are iturinic lipopeptides exhibiting strong antifungal activities, were obtained by bioassay‐guided fractionation from cultures of P. larvae, genotype ERIC II. Their molecular structures were determined by extensive 2D NMR spectroscopy, high resolution mass spectrometry, and other methods. Paenilarvins are the first antifungal secondary metabolites to be identified from P. larvae. In preliminary experiments, these lipopeptides also affected honey bee larvae and might thus play a role in P. larvae survival and pathogenesis. However, further studies are needed to investigate their function.
Cyclopropane Pipecolic Acids as Templates for Linear and Cyclic Peptidomimetics: Application in the Synthesis of an Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD)‐Containing Peptide as an αvβ3 Integrin Ligand
Authors: Sernissi Lorenzo , Petrović Martina , Scarpi Dina , Guarna Antonio , Trabocchi Andrea , Bianchini Francesca , Occhiato Ernesto G.
Published: July 2014

The synthesis and evaluation of substituted cyclopropane pipecolic acids (CPA) as conformationally restricted templates for linear and cyclic peptidomimetics is reported. A variety of differently substituted (poly)hydroxy‐ and amino‐2‐azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane‐1‐carboxylic acids were prepared by means of the Pd‐catalyzed methoxycarbonylation of suitably functionalized lactam‐derived enol phosphates, followed by OH‐directed cyclopropanation. CPAs were successfully introduced into a linear peptide sequence to assess the cis/trans isomerism about the pipecolic acid peptide bond, and in a cyclic peptidomimetic that bore the Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) sequence, which displayed nanomolar activity as antagonist of the αvβ3 integrin in M21 human melanoma cells. Thus, CPAs appear to be suitable for the generation of novel peptidomimetics for drug discovery.
Glycerol as Suitable Solvent for the Synthesis of Metallic Species and Catalysis
Authors: Chahdoura Faouzi , Favier Isabelle , Gómez Montserrat
Published: July 2014

This Minireview considers the foremost reported works involving glycerol as a solvent in the synthesis of organometallic complexes and metallic nanoparticles. This analysis highlights their catalytic applications. A special emphasis is devoted to the ability of glycerol to immobilize nanometric species, which, in turn, enables an efficient recycling of the catalytic phase to give metal‐free organic products.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystallographic and Magnetic Structure of the Perovskite‐Type Compound BaFeO2.5: Unrivaled Complexity in Oxygen Vacancy Ordering.
Authors: Clemens Oliver , et al. et al.
Published: July 2014

The vacancy‐ordered perovskite‐type structure of BaFeO2.5 is characterized by means of a combined Rietveld analysis of powder X‐ray and neutron diffraction data.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐AgI3O8 and β‐AgI3O8 with Large SHG Responses: Polymerization of IO3 Groups into the I3O8 Polyiodate Anion.
Authors: Xu Xiang , Hu Chun‐Li , Li Bing‐Xuan , Yang Bing‐Ping , Mao Jiang‐Gao
Published: July 2014

The noncentrosymmetric isomeric polyiodates α‐AgI3O8 (I) and β‐AgI3O8 (II) are prepared by hydrothermal reactions of AgNO3 with I2O5 in molar ratios of 1:160 and 1:16, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Atmosphere Controlled Processing of Ga‐Substituted Garnets for High Li‐Ion Conductivity Ceramics.
Authors: Bernuy‐Lopez Carlos , Manalastas William Jr. , Lopez del Amo Juan Miguel , Aguadero Ainara , Aguesse Frederic , Kilner John A.
Published: July 2014

La3Zr2Li7‐3xGax□2x O12 garnets (□: vacancy) are prepared by a citric nitrate gel route using Ga2O3, La(NO3)3, Zr(C5H7O2)4, and LiNO3 in stoichiometric quantities (1.
ChemInform Abstract: New μ‐SnTe4 and μ‐Sn2Te6 Ligands to Transition Metal: Solvothermal Syntheses and Characterizations of Zinc Tellurostannates Containing Polyamine Ligands.
Authors: Lu Jialin , Wang Fang , Shen Yali , Tang Chunying , Zhang Yong , Jia Dingxian
Published: July 2014

Compounds (IV)—(VII) are solvothermally synthesized in the presence of iodide ions.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Hydrothermal Crystal Growth, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Ternary U(IV) Containing Fluorides: LiUF5, KU2F9, K7U6F31, RbUF5, RbU2F9, and RbU3F13.
Authors: Yeon Jeongho , Smith Mark D. , Tapp Joshua , Moeller Angela , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad
Published: July 2014

Uranium in (I) is reduced from U6+ to U4+ in the presence of Cu(OAc)2.
ChemInform Abstract: Springloaded Porphyrin NHC Hybrid Rhodium(III) Complexes: Carbene Dissociation and Oxidation Catalysis.
Authors: Olguin Juan , Mueller‐Bunz Helge , Albrecht Martin
Published: July 2014

Several title complexes are synthesized and their catalytic activity is investigated in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and RHC shows the best activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Reusable Supported Ruthenium Catalysts for the Alkylation of Amines by Using Primary Alcohols.
Authors: Pei Shan Siah , Dang Tuan Thanh , Seayad Abdul Majeed , Ramalingam Balamurugan
Published: July 2014

A number of polystyrene‐ and silica‐supported phosphine ligands are tested in the Ru‐catalyzed alkylation of primary and secondary amines with alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Induced Cyanation of Aza‐Baylis—Hillman Adducts: A Michael Type Addition.
Authors: Srivastava Vishnu P. , Yadav Arvind K. , Yadav Lal Dhar S.
Published: July 2014

The first example of the title reaction using air as an economical oxidant and Tms‐CN as cyanide source is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: An Eco‐Benign and Highly Efficient Procedure for N‐Acylation Catalyzed by Heteropolyanion‐Based Ionic Liquids Using Carboxylic Acid under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Chen Zhikai , Fu Renzhong , Chai Wen , Zheng Hao , Sun Lin , Lu Qiang , Yuan Rongxin
Published: July 2014

This N‐acylation of amines uses a heteropolyanion‐based ionic liquid as catalyst under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Controlled α‐ and β‐Arylation of Acyclic N‐Boc Amines.
Authors: Millet Anthony , Dailler David , Larini Paolo , Baudoin Olivier
Published: July 2014

A sequence of directed α‐lithiation, transmetalation with zinc, and Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling leads to either α‐ or β‐arylated Boc‐protected amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polysubstituted Enynes Through Iron‐Catalyzed Carbomagnesiation of Conjugated Diynes.
Authors: Ilies Laurean , Yoshida Takumi , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: July 2014

The carbomagnesiation reaction proceeds on only one triple bond for both symmetrical and unsymmetrical diynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of Secondary Amines from Nitriles Using Pt Nanowires as a Catalyst.
Authors: Lu Shuanglong , Wang Jiaqing , Cao Xueqin , Li Xinming , Gu Hongwei
Published: July 2014

Symmetrical and unsymmetrical secondary amines are prepared from nitriles in an one‐pot procedure in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Dihydroindeno[2,1‐c]fluorene‐Based Imide Dyes: Synthesis, Structures, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties.
Authors: Li Yang‐Yang , Lu Hai‐Yan , Li Meng , Li Xiao‐Jun , Chen Chuan‐Feng
Published: July 2014

The title dyes show strong fluorescence emissions in THF.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Bromides with Malononitrile via Carbon—Nitrile Bond Cleavage Mediated by Copper.
Authors: Lu Guo‐ping , Bu Mei‐jie , Cai Chun
Published: July 2014

The cyanation of aryl bromides with malononitrile proceeds by a copper‐mediated cleavage of the carbon‐nitrile bond via a C(sp3) to C(sp2) cyano group transfer process.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Catalytic Trifluoromethylthiolation of Boronic Acids and Alkynes Employing Electrophilic Shelf‐Stable N‐(Trifluoromethylthio)phthalimide.
Authors: Pluta Roman , Nikolaienko Pavlo , Rueping Magnus
Published: July 2014

For the first time, a safe method for the synthesis of phthalimide (III) which acts as “SCF3” source is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium on Carbon‐Catalyzed Gentle and Quantitative Combustion of Hydrogen at Room Temperature.
Authors: Monguchi Yasunari , Ida Takashi , Maejima Toshihide , Yanase Takayoshi , Sawama Yoshinari , Sasai Yasushi , Kondo Shin‐ichi , Sajiki Hironao
Published: July 2014

H2O2 is formed as an intermediate in a Pd‐C catalyzed quantitative and gentle combustion of hydrogen in the presence of oxygen under normal pressure.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Desulfitative Direct C—H Arylation of Electron‐Deficient Polyfluoroarenes with Sodium Arenesulfinates.
Authors: Miao Tao , Wang Lei
Published: July 2014

Highly fluorinated benzenes and a tetrafluoropyridine (VII) undergo desulfinative Pd(II)‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions with arylsulfinates to give fluorinated biaryls in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Phthalidation of Heteroarenes: A Facile Preparation of 3‐(Heteroaryl)phthalides via Triflic Acid Mediated Phthalidation.
Authors: Nandakumar Meganathan , Sankar Elumalai , Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K.
Published: July 2014

This straightforward and general method provides access to mono‐, bis‐ and tris‐heteroarylphthalides through triflic acid‐mediated Friedel‐Crafts phthalidations.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe3O4@SiO2—TEMPO as a Magnetically Recyclable Catalyst for Highly Selective Aerobic Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5‐Diformylfuran under Metal‐ and Halogen‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Karimi Babak , Mirzaei Hamid M. , Farhangi Elham
Published: July 2014

The catalyst can be recovered and reused at least five times without significant loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light Photoredox Catalyzed Cascade Cyclizations of α‐Bromochalcones or α‐Bromocinnamates with Heteroarenes.
Authors: Paria Suva , Reiser Oliver
Published: July 2014

The highly chemoselective and regioselective photocatalyzed cyclization of α‐bromochalcones or α‐bromocinnamates proceeds via vinyl radicals.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Flavonoids Based Novel Tetrahydropyran Conjugates (Prins Products) and Their Antiproliferative Activity Against Human Cancer Cell Lines.
Authors: Ahmed Naseem , Konduru Naveen Kumar , Ahmad Sarfaraz , Owais Mohammad
Published: July 2014

A variety of new, highly functionalized flavonoid based tetrahydropyran derivatives are designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free, One‐Pot, Rapid Synthesis of Tetrahydropyridines Using Acetic Acid as Solvent and Catalyst at Room Temperature
Authors: Balijapalli Umamahesh , Munusamy Sathishkumar , Sundaramoorthy Karthikeyan Natesan , Iyer Sathiyanarayanan Kulathu
Published: July 2014

36 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Click Chemistry Approach: Regioselective One‐Pot Synthesis of Some New 8‐Trifluoromethylquinoline Based 1,2,3‐Triazoles as Potent Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Garudachari B. , Isloor Arun M. , Satyanarayana M. N. , Fun Hoong‐Kun , Hegde Gurumurthy
Published: July 2014

Three series of new triazole derivatives (III), (V), (VII) containing a trifluoromethylquinoline nucleus are synthesized using click chemistry, and evaluated for their antimicrobial properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed C‐4 Selective Alkylation of Quinolines.
Authors: Yamamoto Shohei , Saga Yutaka , Andou Takashi , Matsunaga Shigeki , Kanai Motomu
Published: July 2014

A C‐4 selective alkylation of quinazolines is achieved using a combination of pyridine, BuLi, and Co(OAc)2.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Diazo β‐Keto Ester as Precursor to Aromatic C—H Insertion and Wolff Rearrangement with Different Directing Groups.
Authors: Ma Biao , Chen Fang‐Lei , Xu Xing‐Yu , Zhang Yi‐Nan , Hu Li‐Hong
Published: July 2014

The aromatic C‐H insertion and rearrangement of α‐diazo‐β‐keto esters is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1‐Substituted Isoquinolinium Salts via a C—H Bond Activation Reaction of Ketimines with Alkynes.
Authors: Senthilkumar Natarajan , Gandeepan Parthasarathy , Jayakumar Jayachandran , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: July 2014

Ruthenium complexes can also be employed as catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Novel 5‐Aryl‐pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines and Screening of Their Preliminary Antibacterial Properties.
Authors: Saikia Lakhinath , Das Babulal , Bharali Pranjal , Thakur Ashim Jyoti
Published: July 2014

A one‐pot version of the catalyst‐free and regioselective synthesis of (V) from (I) with lower yields is also described.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(III) Chloride/Diorganyl Diselenides Promoted Regio‐ and Stereoselective Cyclization of ortho‐Alkynylanilides: Synthesis of (Z)‐4‐(Chalcogen)methylenebenzoxazines.
Authors: Stein Andre L. , Bilheri Filipe N. , Back Davi F. , Zeni Gilson
Published: July 2014

A one‐pot procedure for the preparation of the title compounds is also presented.