bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive model of the efficiency of hematopoietic stem cell collection in patients with multiple myeloma and lymphoma based on multiple peripheral blood markers
Authors: Ran Longrong , Peng Yu , Zhao Mingyu , Luo Xin , Chen Shuang , Tang Xinyi , Zhang Yakun , Li Lian , Li Liangmei , Zhang Wei , Jiang Tingting , Wu Xuelian , Hu Renzhi , Liu Yao , Yang Zailin
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has gained extensive application in the treatment of lymphoma and multiple myeloma (MM). Plenty of studies demonstrate that peripheral blood indicators could be considered potential predictive biomarkers for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) collection efficiency, including white blood cell count (WBC), monocyte count (Mono), platelet count (PLT), hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels. Currently, clinically practical predictive models based on these peripheral detection indicators to quickly, conveniently, and accurately predict collection efficiency are lacking.

Methods

In total, 139 patients with MM and lymphoma undergoing mobilization and collection of ASCT were retrospectively studied. The study endpoint was successful collection of autologous HSCs. We analyzed the effects of clinical characteristics and peripheral blood markers on collection success, and screened variables to establish a prediction model. We determined the optimal cutoff value of peripheral blood markers for predicting successful stem cell collection and the clinical value of a multi‐marker prediction approach. We also established a prediction model for collection efficacy.

Results

Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the mobilization regimen, Mono, PLT, mononuclear cell count (MNC), and peripheral blood CD34+ cell count (PB CD34+ counts) were significant predictors of successful collection of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC). Two predictive models were constructed based on the results of multivariate logistic analyses. Model 1 included the mobilization regimen, Mono, PLT, and MNC, whereas Model 2 included the mobilization regimen, Mono, PLT, MNC, and PB CD34+ counts. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the PB CD34+ counts, Model 1, and Model 2 could predict successful HSCs collection, with cutoff values of 26.92 × 106/L, 0.548, and 0.355, respectively. Model 1 could predict successful HSCs collection with a sensitivity of 84.62%, specificity of 75.73%, and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.863. Model 2 could predict successful HSCs collection with a sensitivity of 83.52%, specificity of 94.17%, and AUC of 0.946; thus, it was superior to the PB CD34+ counts alone.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the combination of the mobilization regimen, Mono, PLT, MNC, and PB CD34+ counts before collection has predictive value for the efficacy of autologous HSCs collection in patients with MM and lymphoma. Using models based on these predictive markers may help to avoid over‐collection and improve patient outcomes.
“Knowledge is confused”: Rethinking pull factors in light of asylum and refugee integration policies
Authors: Boland Colleen , Morente Daniel , Sanchez‐Montijano Elena
Published: July 2024

The degree to which asylum or refugee integration policy influences a forcibly displaced individual's decision to settle in one European country versus another remains understudied, yet highly visible in policy and public debate. This work asks what explains this decision‐making via Spanish case study. The authors analyse 30 in‐depth interviews with persons seeking international protection from Spain combined with surveys among Spanish NGOs conducted in 2021. Main results firstly demonstrate that few individuals were previously aware of their intended destination's integration policies. Second, decision‐making affected by policies differs between individuals, related to socio‐demographic characteristics (origin country, age, gender). Third, EU policies serve as an auxiliary consideration. Finally, individual personal networks serve as the recurrent, principal pull factor. This paper contributes by highlighting that Spanish integration policies do not serve as a primary influence on decision‐making; instead, they serve as secondary or mediating factors, alongside the main factor of personal networks.
Using Human Resources Data to Predict Turnover of Community Mental Health Employees: Prediction and Interpretation of Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Wu Wei , Fukui Sadaaki
Published: July 2024

This study used machine learning (ML) to predict mental health employees' turnover in the following 12 months using human resources data in a community mental health centre. The data contain 621 employees' information (e.g., demographics, job information and client information served by employees) hired between 2011 and 2021 (56.5% turned over during the study period). Six ML methods (i.e., logistic regression, elastic net, random forest [RF], gradient boosting machine [GBM], neural network and support vector machine) were used to predict turnover, along with graphical and statistical tools to interpret predictive relationship patterns and potential interactions. The result suggests that RF and GBM led to better prediction according to specificity, sensitivity and area under the curve (>0.8). The turnover predictors (e.g., past work years, work hours, wage, age, exempt status, educational degree, marital status and employee type) were identified, including those that may be unique to the mental health employee population (e.g., training hours and the proportion of clients with schizophrenia diagnosis). It also revealed nonlinear and nonmonotonic predictive relationships (e.g., wage and employee age), as well as interaction effects, such that past work years interact with other variables in turnover prediction. The study indicates that ML methods showed the predictability of mental health employee turnover using human resources data. The identified predictors and the nonlinear and interactive relationships shed light on developing new predictive models for turnover that warrant further investigations.
Fast firing of 3 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia: On the effect of heating rate on sintering
Authors: Biesuz Mattia , De Bona Emanuele , Manière Charles
Published: July 2024

The impact of rapid heating on sintering is currently getting a growing scientific interest. Previous results have shown that when considering 90 nm‐sized 3 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) powder the heating rate effect on densification is not detectable, whereas it is huge when using finer powder (≈20 nm, specific surface area, SSA = 30–60 m2 g−1). Herein, we investigate the fast firing of ≈40 nm 3YSZ powder (SSA = 16 m2 g−1) and compare it with conventional sintering. The results show that the heating rate has a modest effect on the final density with improvements always below 2%–3% in terms of relative density. The relatively good match between fast firing and the densification behavior predicted by the master sintering curves agrees with the observed microstructural evolution, where fast‐firing provides only a modest effect on the pore size. Finally, it is shown that the heating rate does not impact the dynamics of closed pore formation.
Rheumatoid arthritis reduces the risk of colorectal cancer through immune inflammation mediation
Authors: Li Qifan , Zhou Liang , Xia Dan , Wang Jiaqian
Published: July 2024

There is a close relationship between immune‐mediated inflammation and cancer, and there is still controversy over whether rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increases the risk of malignancy. We first used Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the potential causal relationship between RA and pan‐cancer. And verify the effect of immune‐mediated inflammation on cancer through intermediate MR analysis. Then we extracted the standardized incidence rate of malignancy in RA patients relative to the general population through large‐scale meta‐analysis. Finally, we performed pan‐cancer analysis on the RA related genes obtained from MR analysis. And perform immune related analysis on key genes to reveal the association between RA and malignancy. The MR analysis demonstrated a negative correlation between RA and pan‐cancer (p = 0.008). Autoimmune traits were the main mediating variable for the causal relationship between RA and pan‐cancer. Based on the results of the meta‐analysis, we validated that RA reduces the risk of developing colorectal cancer (SIR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.53–0.85). Pan‐cancer analysis also showed that high expression of RA related genes was negatively correlated with colon adenocarcinoma. IL6R was the gene with the highest correlation among them, and its correlation with immune cells was higher in colorectal cancer than in other malignancy. Our MR study provides evidence that RA was associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer. This effect is caused by immune‐mediated inflammation, with IL6R being a key regulatory gene.
A transcriptional cascade involving BBX22 and HY5 finely regulates both plant height and fruit pigmentation in citrus
Authors: Fu Jialing , Liao Li , Jin Jiajing , Lu Zhihao , Sun Juan , Song Lizhi , Huang Yue , Liu Shengjun , Huang Ding , Xu Yuantao , He Jiaxian , Hu Bin , Zhu Yiqun , Wu Fangfang , Wang Xia , Deng Xiuxin , Xu Qiang
Published: July 2024

Dwarfing is a pivotal agronomic trait affecting both yield and quality. Citrus species exhibit substantial variation in plant height, among which internode length is a core element. However, the molecular mechanism governing internode elongation remains unclear. Here, we unveiled that the transcriptional cascade consisting of B‐BOX DOMAIN PROTEIN 22 (BBX22) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) finely tunes plant height and internode elongation in citrus. Loss‐of‐function mutations of BBX22 in an early‐flowering citrus (Citrus hindsii “SJG”) promoted internode elongation and reduced pigment accumulation, whereas ectopic expression of BBX22 in SJG, sweet orange (C. sinensis), pomelo (C. maxima) or heterologous expression of BBX22 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) significantly decreased internode length. Furthermore, exogenous application of gibberellin A3 (GA3) rescued the shortened internode and dwarf phenotype caused by BBX22 overexpression. Additional experiments revealed that BBX22 played a dual role in regulation internode elongation and pigmentation in citrus. On the one hand, it directly bound to and activated the expression of HY5, GA metabolism gene (GA2 OXIDASE 8, GA2ox8), carotenoid biosynthesis gene (PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1, PSY1) and anthocyanin regulatory gene (Ruby1, a MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN). On the other hand, it acted as a cofactor of HY5, enhancing the ability of HY5 to regulate target genes expression. Together, our results reveal the critical role of the transcriptional cascade consisting of BBX22 and HY5 in controlling internode elongation and pigment accumulation in citrus. Unraveling the crosstalk regulatory mechanism between internode elongation and fruit pigmentation provides key genes for breeding of novel types with both dwarf and health‐beneficial fortification in citrus.
Does synthetic data augmentation improve the performances of machine learning classifiers for identifying health problems in patient–nurse verbal communications in home healthcare settings?
Authors: Scroggins Jihye Kim , Topaz Maxim , Song Jiyoun , Zolnoori Maryam
Published: July 2024

Background

Identifying health problems in audio‐recorded patient–nurse communication is important to improve outcomes in home healthcare patients who have complex conditions with increased risks of hospital utilization. Training machine learning classifiers for identifying problems requires resource‐intensive human annotation.

Objective

To generate synthetic patient–nurse communication and to automatically annotate for common health problems encountered in home healthcare settings using GPT‐4. We also examined whether augmenting real‐world patient–nurse communication with synthetic data can improve the performance of machine learning to identify health problems.

Design

Secondary data analysis of patient–nurse verbal communication data in home healthcare settings.

Methods

The data were collected from one of the largest home healthcare organizations in the United States. We used 23 audio recordings of patient–nurse communications from 15 patients. The audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and manually annotated for health problems (e.g., circulation, skin, pain) indicated in the Omaha System Classification scheme. Synthetic data of patient–nurse communication were generated using the in‐context learning prompting method, enhanced by chain‐of‐thought prompting to improve the automatic annotation performance. Machine learning classifiers were applied to three training datasets: real‐world communication, synthetic communication, and real‐world communication augmented by synthetic communication.

Results

Average F1 scores improved from 0.62 to 0.63 after training data were augmented with synthetic communication. The largest increase was observed using the XGBoost classifier where F1 scores improved from 0.61 to 0.64 (about 5% improvement). When trained solely on either real‐world communication or synthetic communication, the classifiers showed comparable F1 scores of 0.62–0.61, respectively.

Conclusion

Integrating synthetic data improves machine learning classifiers' ability to identify health problems in home healthcare, with performance comparable to training on real‐world data alone, highlighting the potential of synthetic data in healthcare analytics.

Clinical Relevance

This study demonstrates the clinical relevance of leveraging synthetic patient–nurse communication data to enhance machine learning classifier performances to identify health problems in home healthcare settings, which will contribute to more accurate and efficient problem identification and detection of home healthcare patients with complex health conditions.
The Role of Informative Names in Niche Dynamics and Product Survival in a High‐Velocity Industry
Authors: Khessina Olga M. , Reis Samira
Published: July 2024

How do customers discover new products? Recent research has found that a firm can facilitate the discovery and subsequent purchase of its product by giving it an advantageous name. However, no product exists in isolation, rather it competes for customer attention with other products both within and across product niches. We theorize that a product may benefit from the names of competitors’ products within its niche because certain product names can trigger a positive spillover effect. Specifically, product viability should increase with the proliferation of products with informative names in a focal niche because informative names attract attention to the niche, and consequently benefit all its products, regardless of whether they have informative names or not. This beneficial influence should be especially strong when a niche is new. Additionally, a product's market fate may depend not only on the prevalent naming practices in its niche, but also on naming practices in competing niches. We find support for our theorizing in event‐history analyses of all CD‐drive products shipped in the worldwide optical disk drive industry, 1983–1999. Ultimately, our findings suggest that in high‐velocity markets, to facilitate product discovery by customers, firms should enter niches populated by products with informative names.
Shifting systems of racial inequity: Applying critical race psychology to advance racial justice
Authors: Brenick Alaina , Miller Andrea L. , Moadel‐Attie Roxanne , Salter Phia S. , Bonam Courtney M.
Published: July 2024

Since the murder of George Floyd in 2020, a renewed and more mainstream attention to systemic racism emerged. Critical Race Theory (CRT) has permeated the larger public discourse around race more than ever before. Yet, social, scientific, and political backlash intended to silence conversations about the systemic and power‐driven nature of racism have also characterized these years. 30+ years have passed since CRT's introduction as a critical analysis of how the legal system fails minoritized groups; 20+ years have passed since CRT's introduction into the social psychological field. Although psychology provides a strong foundation for the CRT tenets, incorporating CRT into the field of psychology has lagged behind many other fields (e.g., sociology, education). In two installments, this special issue (re)introduces psychological researchers to CRT and Psychological Critical Race Theory (PCRT), underscores CRT's importance and limitations in the context of psychological research, features novel applications and directions in CRT, and addresses the current political climate of opposition to discussions of CRT. This second installment looks outward highlighting psychological research applying (P)CRT frameworks to advance racial justice. We conclude with reflections on the history of CRT and PCRT and the shifts necessary in our scholarship‐activism to dismantle systems of racial oppression.
Bootstrapping non‐stationary and irregular time series using singular spectral analysis
Authors: Poskitt Don S.
Published: July 2024

This article investigates the consequences of using Singular Spectral Analysis (SSA) to construct a time series bootstrap. The bootstrap replications are obtained via a SSA decomposition obtained using rescaled trajectories (RT‐SSA), a procedure that is particularly useful in the analysis of time series that exhibit nonlinear, non‐stationary and intermittent or transient behaviour. The theoretical validity of the RT‐SSA bootstrap when used to approximate the sampling properties of a general class of statistics is established under regularity conditions that encompass a very broad range of data generating processes. A smeared and a boosted version of the RT‐SSA bootstrap are also presented. Practical implementation of the bootstrap is considered and the results are illustrated using stationary, non‐stationary and irregular time series examples.
Understanding modifiable caregiver factors contributing to child development among young children in rural Malawi
Authors: Bliznashka Lilia , Nwabuikwu Odiche , Ahun Marilyn , Becker Karoline , Nnensa Theresa , Roschnik Natalie , Kachinjika Monice , Mvula Peter , Munthali Alister , Ndolo Victoria , Katundu Mangani , Maleta Kenneth , Quisumbing Agnes , Gladstone Melissa , Gelli Aulo
Published: July 2024

This study examined modifiable caregiver factors influencing child development in Malawi using baseline data from 1,021 mothers and their children <2 years of age participating in a cluster‐randomized controlled trial implemented in rural Malawi (2022–2025). We fit an evidence‐based theoretical model using structural equation modelling examining four caregiver factors: (1) diet diversity (sum of food groups consumed in the past 24 h), (2) empowerment (assessed using the project‐level Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index), (3) mental health (assessed using the Self‐Reported Questionnaire, SRQ‐20), and (4) stimulation (number of stimulation activities the mother engaged in the past 3 days). Child development was assessed using the Malawi Development Assessment Tool (norm‐referenced aggregate Z‐score). The model controlled for child, caregiver, and household socioeconomic characteristics. Results showed that caregiver dietary diversity was directly associated with higher child development scores (standardized coefficient 0.091 [95% CI 0.027, 0.153]) and lower SRQ‐20 scores −0.058 (−0.111, −0.006). Empowerment was directly associated with higher child development scores (0.071 [0.007, 0.133]), higher stimulation score (0.074 [0.013, 0.140]), higher dietary diversity (0.085 [0.016, 0.145]), and lower SRQ‐20 scores (−0.068 [−0.137, −0.002]). Further, higher empowerment was indirectly associated with improved child development through enhancement of caregiver dietary diversity, with an indirect effect of 0.008 (0.002, 0.018). These findings highlight the important role that caregiver diet and empowerment play in directly influencing child development and other aspects of caregiver well‐being. Interventions aimed at enhancing child development should consider these factors as potential targets to improve outcomes for children and caregivers.
Interpreting the role of antioxidants in vivo: A cautionary tale
Authors: Downs Diana M. , Poole Robert K.
Published: July 2024

Bacteria have a remarkable ability to sense environmental stresses and to respond to these stressors by adapting their metabolism and physiology. In recent publications, investigators have suggested that multiple stresses that cause cell death share the mechanistic feature of stimulating the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A central piece of evidence cited in these claims is the ability of exogenous antioxidant compounds to mitigate stress‐related cell death. The validity of attributing a positive effect of exogenous antioxidants to ROS‐mediated stress is challenged by an important study by Korshunov and Imlay in this issue of Molecular Microbiology. This study reports biochemical data that convincingly show that some commonly used antioxidants quench oxidants orders of magnitude too slowly to have a significant effect on the concentration of ROS in the cell. Under conditions where antioxidants minimize cell death, they also slow growth. Significantly, slowing cell growth by other means has the same restorative effect as adding an antioxidant. Based on the solid biochemical and genetic data, Korshunov and Imlay make the case for discarding the use of antioxidants to diagnose conditions that generate increased internal ROS production.
Mothers' experiences of privacy in neonatal intensive care units: A qualitative study
Authors: Maleki Maryam , Abbasi Soheila , Esmaeili Maryam , Mardani Abbas
Published: July 2024

Background

Examining the privacy experiences of mothers in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) can play a crucial role in bolstering patient privacy safeguards and elevating the overall quality of health care. However, our understanding of mothers' experiences regarding privacy issues they may face after their infants' hospitalization in the NICU is limited.

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the experiences of mothers concerning privacy within NICUs to contribute valuable insights for improving infant care and privacy protection.

Design

A qualitative content analysis using a conventional approach was conducted. A total of 18 participants, with diverse sociodemographic backgrounds, were interviewed using open‐ended questions. Qualitative content analysis was undertaken for data analysis.

Setting

The study was conducted in the NICU of an urban teaching hospital in Iran.

Results

The study identified four main themes: ‘understanding of privacy’, ‘fluctuating respect for privacy’, ‘efforts to maintain privacy’ and ‘privacy barriers’. Participants viewed privacy as multidimensional, influenced by cultural and religious factors. Respect for privacy varied, with instances of both adherence and violation. Mothers employed strategies to preserve privacy, emphasizing the importance of their infants' privacy. Privacy barriers included hospital attire, the physical space of the NICU, inhomogeneous human resources and insufficient supervision and training.

Conclusion

This study, the first of its kind in the NICU context, provides valuable insights into maternal experiences of privacy. Integrating these insights into practice and future research can contribute to creating more empathetic and privacy‐respecting NICU environments.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Health care providers can use these findings to enhance support for mothers, potentially reshaping physical spaces and communication practices within NICUs.
Effect of feathers on drag in plunge‐diving birds
Authors: Debenedetti Florent , Jung Sunghwan
Published: July 2024

This study explores the impact of feathers on the hydrodynamic drag experienced by diving birds, which is critical to their foraging efficiency and survival. Employing a novel experimental approach, we analyzed the kinematics of both feathered and nonfeathered projectiles during their transition from air to water using high‐speed imaging and an onboard accelerometer. The drag coefficients were determined through two methods: a direct calculation from the acceleration data and a theoretical approach fitted to the observed velocity profiles. Our results indicate that feathers significantly increase the drag force during water entry, with feathered projectiles exhibiting approximately double the drag coefficient of their smooth counterparts. These findings provide new insights into the role of avian feather morphology in diving mechanics and have potential implications for the design of bioinspired aquatic vehicles in engineering. The study also discusses the biological implications of increased drag due to feathers and suggests that factors such as body shape might play a more critical role in the diving capabilities of birds than previously understood.
Validation of Artificial Intelligence in the Classification of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and the Compairment to Clinical Manual Handling
Authors: Tingsheng Lu , Chunshan Luo , Shudan Yao , Xingwei Pu , Qiling Chen , Minglu Yang , Lu Chen , Lihang Wang
Published: July 2024

Objective

The accurate measurement of Cobb angles is crucial for the effective clinical management of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The Lenke classification system plays a pivotal role in determining the appropriate fusion levels for treatment planning. However, the presence of interobserver variability and time‐intensive procedures presents challenges for clinicians. The purpose of this study is to compare the measurement accuracy of our developed artificial intelligence measurement system for Cobb angles and Lenke classification in AIS patients with manual measurements to validate its feasibility.

Methods

An artificial intelligence (AI) system measured the Cobb angle of AIS patients using convolutional neural networks, which identified the vertebral boundaries and sequences, recognized the upper and lower end vertebras, and estimated the Cobb angles of the proximal thoracic, main thoracic, and thoracolumbar/lumbar curves sequentially. Accordingly, the Lenke classifications of scoliosis were divided by oscillogram and defined by the AI system. Furthermore, a man–machine comparison (n = 300) was conducted for senior spine surgeons (n = 2), junior spine surgeons (n = 2), and the AI system for the image measurements of proximal thoracic (PT), main thoracic (MT), thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L), thoracic sagittal profile T5–T12, bending views PT, bending views MT, bending views TL/L, the Lenke classification system, the lumbar modifier, and sagittal thoracic alignment.

Results

In the AI system, the calculation time for each patient's data was 0.2 s, while the measurement time for each surgeon was 23.6 min. The AI system showed high accuracy in the recognition of the Lenke classification and had high reliability compared to senior doctors (ICC 0.962).

Conclusion

The AI system has high reliability for the Lenke classification and is a potential auxiliary tool for spinal surgeons.
Complex Hand Reconstruction using a Novel Two‐stage Temporary Ectopic Implantation of the Contralateral Upper Limb
Authors: Long Haiquan , Wu Di , Yan Zuojie , Jia Sailing , Chen Jin Ren , Lim Rebecca Qian Ru
Published: July 2024

Ectopic transplantation of the hand remains a rare, innovative yet valuable operation in select cases of trauma and amputation. We aim to describe a novel technique of complex hand reconstruction using a two‐stage ectopic implantation of the contralateral upper limb. A male patient with a near complete avulsion amputation of the right upper limb at the level of the mid‐forearm and a crushing injury to his left hand was admitted after a farming accident. The right palm was ectopically transplanted to the left lower limb and both upper limbs underwent debridement with vacuum assisted dressings (VACs). There was eventual dieback of the left thumb, ring and little finger with a large palmar soft tissue defect that was eventually reconstructed using segments of the ectopically transplanted limb in two separate operations. The patient made an uneventful postoperative recovery and managed to regain protective sensation and gross motor function of his reconstructed hand.
Efficacy Analysis of Arthroscopic Surgery Combined with Intra‐articular Chitosan Injection for Stage II‐III Knee Osteoarthritis in Patients with Abnormal Body Weight
Authors: Su Qihang , Cai Qiuchen , Feng Xiaofei , Huang Chenglong , Ge Heng'an , Chen Liyang , Xue Chao , Liu Centao , Li Jun , Cheng Biao
Published: July 2024

Objective

Weight is an influential factor in knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, the effect of abnormal body weight on chitosan's efficacy in treating KOA is unclear. This study aimed to explore the differences in the effectiveness of arthroscopic surgery combined with intra‐articular chitosan injection for KOA in patients with abnormal body weight.

Methods

Patients with stage II‐III KOA (Kellgren–Lawrence rating, K‐L) undergoing arthroscopic surgery were recruited for this clinical study from January 2020 to September 2021. Based on body mass index (BMI) and intra‐articular chitosan injection, patients with KOA undergoing arthroscopic surgery (138 patients) were divided into four groups: low‐weight‐non‐injection (Lw‐N, BMI <18.5); low‐weight‐chitosan injection (Lw‐CS, BMI <18.5); overweight‐non‐injection (Ow‐N, BMI ≥25); overweight‐chitosan injection (Ow‐CS, BMI ≥25). A 2‐year follow‐up was conducted to evaluate various indicators, including the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index score (WOMAC). Statistical analyses were performed using relevant parametric or non‐parametric tests.

Results

In total, 138 patients with KOA were included in this study. There were no significant differences in gender, age, and incidence of chronic residual pain after arthroscopy among the four groups (p > 0.05). The proportion of patients undergoing subsequent knee arthroplasty during the 2‐year follow‐up period was significantly higher in the Ow‐CS group (20/35) than in the Lw‐CS group (12/39) (p < 0.05). The K‐L rating showed an overall increasing trend over time, with the K‐L rating in the Ow‐N and Ow‐CS groups significantly higher than that in the Lw‐CS group at the final follow‐up (p < 0.05). VAS and WOMAC scores significantly decreased at 1 and 3 months post‐arthroscopy and then increased. One month after arthroscopy, VAS was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the intra‐articular chitosan injection groups (Lw‐CS and Ow‐CS) compared with the non‐injection groups (Lw‐N and Ow‐N). VAS was lower in the Ow‐CS group than in the Lw‐CS group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in WOMAC between the intra‐articular chitosan injection and non‐injection groups at each time point (Lw‐N vs. Lw‐CS, Ow‐N vs. Ow‐CS, p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Arthroscopic surgery combined with intra‐articular chitosan injection shows short‐term positive effects in treating KOA. Intra‐articular chitosan injection appears to have a greater short‐term pain relief effect in obese patients.
Dupilumab for the treatment of alopecia areata in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis: A scoping review
Authors: Metko Dea , Mehta Shanti , Sibbald Cathryn
Published: July 2024

Our study aims to synthesize existing evidence of dupilumab for alopecia areata (AA) in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). We searched MEDLINE and Embase on March 1, 2024, using keywords related to AD, AA, dupilumab, and pediatric patient populations per PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. A mean SALT score reduction of 42.6 following dupilumab treatment (p < .01) over an average of 3.21 months, and a mean reduction of Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) levels of 2.14 units (p < .01) demonstrates the efficacy of dupilumab in pediatric AA when there is concurrent AD. Our findings in combination with dupilumab's favorable safety profile in pediatric AD makes it an appealing option for AA treatment, however, a greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms, optimal pediatric patient selection criteria, long‐term efficacy, and safety profile of dupilumab in this context is warranted.
Identification and characterization of Leptosphaeria biglobosa ‘canadensis’ from wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) in north‐western China
Authors: Lyv Xing , Jia Donghai , Wu Mingde , Yang Long , Li Guoqing , Zhang Jing
Published: July 2024

In order to understand the epidemiological features of rapeseed blackleg in northern China, a 2‐year survey of blackleg on wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) was done in Zhaosu County of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. Blackleg frequently occurs on both plants in this region, with mean values of disease incidence reaching up to 28% on wild mustard and 14% on rapeseed. A total of 556 pycnidia‐forming fungal isolates were obtained from wild mustard (69) and rapeseed (487). Morphological and molecular identification indicated that all of the 69 isolates from wild mustard and the majority of the isolates from rapeseed (477/487, 97.9%) belonged to Leptosphaeria biglobosa ‘canadensis’ (Lb‐c); the remaining 10 isolates from rapeseed (10/487, 2.1%) belonged to L. biglobosa ‘brassicae’ (Lb‐b). Among 239 isolates of Lb‐c (62 from wild mustard and 177 from rapeseed), two mating‐type idiomorphs (MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2) were detected. Chi‐square test showed that the ratio of MAT1‐1 to MAT1‐2 of isolates was 1:1, implying that the individuals of Lb‐c can frequently conduct sexual reproduction to produce ascospores as the primary airborne infection source. The virulence of 10 Lb‐c isolates from wild mustard and rapeseed and five Lb‐b isolates from rapeseed was determined on both plants. The results showed that the Lb‐c isolates from wild mustard were as virulent as isolates of Lb‐c and Lb‐b from rapeseed. Thus, Lb‐c can act as inoculum of rapeseed blackleg, and eliminating plants of wild mustard may improve efficacy of crop rotation in suppression of rapeseed blackleg.
Combined application of myo‐inositol and corn steep liquor enhances seedling growth and cold tolerance in cucumber and tomato
Authors: Sun Shilong , Zhang Xinjun , Wang Cuicui , Yu Qi , Yang Hongli , Xu Weimin , Wang Tao , Gao Lihong , Meng Xiangqing , Luo Sha , Zhang Lianhong , Chen Qing , Zhang Wenna
Published: July 2024

Low temperatures pose a common challenge in the production of cucumbers and tomatoes, hindering plant growth and, in severe cases, leading to plant death. In our investigation, we observed a substantial improvement in the growth of cucumber and tomato seedlings through the application of corn steep liquor (CSL), myo‐inositol (MI), and their combinations. When subjected to low‐temperature stress, these treatments resulted in heightened levels of photosynthetic pigments, thereby fostering enhanced photosynthesis in both tomato and cucumber plants. Furthermore, it contributed to a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and electrolyte leakage (REP). The effectiveness of the treatment was further validated through the analysis of key gene expressions (CBF1, COR, MIOX4, and MIPS1) in cucumber. Particularly, noteworthy positive outcomes were noted in the treatment involving 0.6 mL L−1 CSL combined with 72 mg L−1 MI. This study provides valuable technical insights into leveraging the synergistic effects of inositol and maize leachate to promote early crop growth and bolster resistance to low temperatures.
Adversity and error‐monitoring: Effects of emotional context
Authors: Compton Rebecca J. , Shudrenko Danylo , Ng Erin , Mann Katelyn , Turdukulov Emil
Published: July 2024

This study tested whether self‐reports of childhood adversity would predict altered error processing under emotional versus non‐emotional task conditions. N = 99 undergraduates completed two selective attention tasks, a traditional color‐word Stroop task and a modified task using emotional words, while EEG was recorded. Participants also completed self‐report measures of adverse and positive childhood experiences, executive functioning, depression, current stress, and emotion regulation. Reports of adversity were robustly correlated with self‐reported challenges in executive functioning, even when controlling for self‐reported depression and stress, but adversity was not correlated with task performance. With regard to neural markers of error processing, adversity predicted an enhanced error‐related negativity and blunted error‐positivity, but only during the emotion‐word blocks of the task. Moreover, error‐related changes in alpha oscillations were predicted by adversity, in a pattern that suggested less error responsiveness in alpha patterns during the emotion block, compared to the color block, among participants with higher adversity. Overall, results indicate alterations in error monitoring associated with adversity, such that in an emotional context, initial error detection is enhanced and sustained error processing is blunted, even in the absence of overt performance changes.
Emotion regulation flexibility: EEG/EMG predictors and consequences of switching between reappraisal and distraction strategies
Authors: Adamczyk Agnieszka K. , Koch Saskia B. J. , Wyczesany Miroslaw , Roelofs Karin , van Peer Jacobien M.
Published: July 2024

Flexible use of emotion regulation (ER) strategies is central to mental health. To advance our understanding of what drives adaptive strategy‐switching decisions, in this preregistered study, we used event‐related potentials (late positive potential, LPP and stimulus preceding negativity, SPN) and facial electromyography (EMG corrugator activity) to test the antecedents and consequences of switching to an alternative ER strategy. Participants (N = 63, Mage = 24.8 years, all female) passively watched and then implemented an instructed ER strategy (reappraisal or distraction) in response to high‐intensity negative pictures that were either easy or difficult to reinterpret (high or low reappraisal affordance, respectively). Next, they decided to “switch from” or “maintain” the instructed strategy and subsequently implemented the chosen strategy. Reappraisal affordance manipulations successfully induced switching. Regarding antecedents, switching was predicted by the reduced ER efficacy of the current strategy (corrugator, but not LPP). Switching to distraction was additionally predicted by increased responses to the stimulus during passive viewing (corrugator and LPP) and increased anticipatory effort in implementing reappraisal (SPN). Concerning consequences, switching to distraction improved, whereas switching to reappraisal impaired post‐choice ER effects (LPP). However, starting with reappraisal was overall more effective than starting with distraction, irrespective of the subsequent decision (corrugator). Our results suggest that switching between ER strategies occurs in accordance with situational demands (stimulus affordances) and is predicted by reduced peripheral physiological ER efficacy. However, only switching to distraction leads to improved regulatory effects. These insights provide neurocognitively grounded starting points for developing interventions targeting ER flexibility.
More than just geosmin and 2‐methylisoborneol? Off‐flavours associated with recirculating aquaculture systems
Authors: Noguera Pedro Martínez , Egiddi Matteo , Södergren Julia , da Silva Mariana Rodrigues , Beauchamp Jonathan , Petersen Mikael Agerlin , Buettner Andrea , Jørgensen Niels O. G.
Published: July 2024

The consumption of seafood is driven by flavour, yet achieving its high quality remains a challenge for many species reared in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). A comprehensive knowledge of off‐odour sources in aquatic foods is indispensable in ensuring flavour quality standards. At the beginning of the production chain, early post‐harvest lipid oxidation products develop into endogenous off‐odours and accumulate over time. These malodours add to those already absorbed exogenously, namely from the water and feeds, although the information on the interactions between these sources is currently scarce. Despite geosmin and 2‐methylisoborneol receiving significant attention in relation to fish off‐flavour, only limited knowledge on the molecular and ecological mechanisms driving their production in aquatic environments has been reported. Moreover, RAS‐hosted bacteria have been associated with a wide range of other odour‐active compounds, such as pyrazines, terpenoids, and other degradation byproducts that are frequently overlooked when studying flavour taint in fish. The influence of aquaculture feeds on the flavour of fish flesh has been underestimated, too, both as a source of off‐odours but also as a novel modulator strategy to achieve desirable aquatic food flavours. Finally, the influence of water treatment processes widely used in RAS operations, such as advance oxidation process, ozone, ultraviolet and hydrogen peroxide disinfections, is greatly underexplored with respect to odour quality. This article reviews the current scientific evidence with supporting data on the chemical diversity of off‐odours found in aquaculture fish worldwide and their potential sources and highlights knowledge gaps that should be addressed in future research.
Effects of supplementation of grazing Nellore cows with β‐carotene and vitamins A + D3 + E + biotin on follicle diameter, oestrus, establishment of pregnancy, and foetal morphometry
Authors: Factor L. , Vasconcellos G. S. F. M. , Carvalho V. V. , Acedo T. , Cortinhas C. , Chebel R. C. , Baruselli P. S.
Published: July 2024

The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of supplementation of Nellore (Bos indicus) cows with β‐carotene + vitamins A + D3 + E + biotin on body condition score (BCS), oestrus, pregnancy, and foetal morphometry. Lactating cows (n = 497) from two herds were balanced for BCS and calving period [early calving (EC); late calving (LC)] and were assigned randomly to: Control (n = 251)—supplementation with a mineral supplement; and SUP (n = 246)—supplementation with the mineral supplement fed to control + β‐carotene (150 mg/day) + vitamin A (40,000 IU/day) + vitamin D3 (5000 IU/day) + vitamin E (300 mg/day) + biotin (20 mg/day). Cows were supplemented from Days −30 to 30 (Day 0 = timed artificial insemination; TAI). Pregnancy was diagnosed 30 days after TAI and foetal crown‐rump distance and thoracic diameter were measured at 30 and 77 days of gestation. Cows in the SUP treatment were more likely to have BCS ≥3.0 on Day 0 (63.0 ± 3.1 vs. 60.2 ± 3.1; p < .01) and were more likely to gain BCS from Days −30 to 30 (57.7 ± 3.3 vs. 44.1 ± 3.3%; p < .01). Fewer LC cows in the SUP treatment were detected in oestrus at the time of the first TAI (Control: LC: 75.4 ± 4.4 vs. SUP: LC: 64.0 ± 5.2 vs. Control: EC: 65.3 ± 4.0 vs. SUP: EC: 71.8 ± 3.7; p = .04). There was a tendency for the SUP treatment to increase pregnancy to the first TAI (64.2 ± 3.0 vs. 56.6 ± 3.1%; p = .08). A greater percentage of SUP cows was detected in oestrus at the time of the second TAI (70.1 ± 5.0 vs. 52.3 ± 4.8%; p = .01). The SUP treatment increased pregnancy to the second TAI among LC cows (SUP: LC: 75.9 ± 8.0% vs. Control: LC: 50.0 ± 8.3% vs. Control: EC: 52.0 ± 5.9% vs. SUP: EC: 41.4 ± 6.5%; p = .02). The SUP treatment increased foetal size (crown‐rump; p = .04 and thoracic diameter; p < .01) at 30 days of gestation and, despite decreasing crow‐rump length at 77 days after the first TAI among EC cows (p < .01), it increased the thoracic diameter at 77 days after the first TAI independent of calving season. Our results support that pregnancy establishment and foetal growth can be improved when grazing Nellore cows are supplemented with β‐carotene and vitamins A + D3 + E + biotin.
DUETS for Light's in separating exudate from transudate
Authors: Gardiner Astrid , Ling Ryan , Chan Yiong‐Huak , Porcel Jose , Lee Y. C. Gary , Teoh Chia‐Meng , Liew Mei‐Fong , Kapur Jeevesh , Low Seow‐Ping , Lee Pyng
Published: July 2024

Background

Fifty years since its inception, Light's criteria have aided in classifying pleural effusions (PEs) as exudates if 1 or more criteria are met. Thoracic ultrasound (US) emerges as a non‐invasive technique for point of care use especially if pleural procedures are contemplated.

Objective

We aimed to develop a score based on radiological and US features that could separate exudates from transudates without serum and pleural fluid biochemical tests necessary for Light's criteria.

Methods

A prospective review of consecutive patients with PE who underwent thoracocentesis was performed. CXRs were evaluated for laterality followed by US for echogenicity, pleural nodularity, thickening and septations. PE was classified as exudate or transudate according to Light's criteria and corroborated with albumin gradient. A score combining radiological and US features was developed.

Results

We recruited 201 patients with PE requiring thoracocentesis. Mean age was 64 years, 51% were females, 164 (81.6%) were exudates, and 37 (18.4%) were transudates. Assigning 1‐point for Diaphragmatic nodularity, Unilateral, Echogenicity, Pleural Thickening and Septations, DUETS ranged from 1 to 5. DUETS ≥2 indicated high likelihood for exudate (PPV 98.8%, NPV 100%) with 1% misclassification versus 6.9% using Light's criteria (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

DUETS separated exudates from transudates with good accuracy, and could obviate paired serum and pleural fluid tests necessary for Light's criteria computation. Our study reflected real world practice where DUETS performed better than Light's criteria for PE that arose from more than one disease processes, and in the evaluation of patients with PE who have received diuretics.
Screening Sportsmen and Sportswomen Over Age 35: The Relevance of an Exercise Electrocardiogram. Data From the SEEPRED Study
Authors: Hupin David , Oriol Mathieu , Laukkanen Jari A. , Abraham Pierre , Dulac Nathan , Laugier Simon , Trauchessec Guillaume , Carmaux Antoine , Haber Benjamain , Bertoletti Laurent , Costa Antoine Da , Roche Frédéric
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The importance of exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) is still controversial in the prevention of cardiovascular events among sportsmen and sportswomen. The aim of this study was to assess the relevance of exercise ECG as a screening tool to prevent cardiovascular events when any cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are present.

Methods

The study included leisure time asymptomatic sportsmen and sportswomen over age 35 evaluated from 2011 to 2016 at the University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne (France). Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and atrial fibrillation were collected at 3 years.

Results

Of the cohort of 2457 sportsmen and sportswomen (mean age 50.2 ± 9.4 years), 50 (2%) had a high‐risk SCORE2. A total of 256 exercise ECGs (10%) were defined as positive, most of them due to silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) (n = 196; 8%). These 196 SMI cases led to 33 coronary angiograms (1%), which revealed 23 significant coronary stenoses requiring revascularization. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, having at least two CVD risk factors was independently associated with (1) positive exercise ECG (OR = 1.80 [95% CI: 1.29–2.52], p = 0.0006), with (2) suspected SMI (OR = 2.57 [95% CI: 1.10–6.02], p = 0.0304), with (3) confirmed SMI (OR = 8.20 [95% CI: 3.46–19.46], p < 0.0001) and with (4) cardiovascular events (MACE or atrial fibrillation) (OR = 6.95 [95% CI: 3.49–13.81], p < 0.0001) at 3 years (median).

Conclusions

The study supports the European recommendations for the use of exercise ECG in evaluation of asymptomatic leisure time sportsmen over age 35. Having at least two CVD risk factors was the best predictor for presence of coronary artery stenosis that may increase the risk for adverse events.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06024863