bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Active Low Intrusion Hybrid Monitor for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Navia Marlon , Campelo Jose , Bonastre Alberto , Ors Rafael , Capella Juan , Serrano Juan
Published: September 2015

Several systems have been proposed to monitor wireless sensor networks (WSN). These systems may be active (causing a high degree of intrusion) or passive (low observability inside the nodes). This paper presents the implementation of an active hybrid (hardware and software) monitor with low intrusion. It is based on the addition to the sensor node of a monitor node (hardware part) which, through a standard interface, is able to receive the monitoring information sent by a piece of software executed in the sensor node. The intrusion on time, code, and energy caused in the sensor nodes by the monitor is evaluated as a function of data size and the interface used. Then different interfaces, commonly available in sensor nodes, are evaluated: serial transmission (USART), serial peripheral interface (SPI), and parallel. The proposed hybrid monitor provides highly detailed information, barely disturbed by the measurement tool (interference), about the behavior of the WSN that may be used to evaluate many properties such as performance, dependability, security, etc. Monitor nodes are self-powered and may be removed after the monitoring campaign to be reused in other campaigns and/or WSNs. No other hardware-independent monitoring platforms with such low interference have been found in the literature.
Evaluation of Content-Matched Range Monitoring Queries over Moving Objects in Mobile Computing Environments
Authors: Jung HaRim , Song MoonBae , Youn Hee , Kim Ung
Published: September 2015

A content-matched (CM) rangemonitoring query overmoving objects continually retrieves the moving objects (i) whose non-spatial attribute values are matched to given non-spatial query values; and (ii) that are currently located within a given spatial query range. In this paper, we propose a new query indexing structure, called the group-aware query region tree (GQR-tree) for efficient evaluation of CMrange monitoring queries. The primary role of the GQR-tree is to help the server leverage the computational capabilities of moving objects in order to improve the system performance in terms of the wireless communication cost and server workload. Through a series of comprehensive simulations, we verify the superiority of the GQR-tree method over the existing methods.
A Self-Adaptive Dynamic Recognition Model for Fatigue Driving Based on Multi-Source Information and Two Levels of Fusion
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhang Xiaorui , Peeta Srinivas , He Xiaozheng , Li Yongfu , Zhu Senlai
Published: September 2015

To improve the effectiveness and robustness of fatigue driving recognition, a self-adaptive dynamic recognition model is proposed that incorporates information from multiple sources and involves two sequential levels of fusion, constructed at the feature level and the decision level. Compared with existing models, the proposed model introduces a dynamic basic probability assignment (BPA) to the decision-level fusion such that the weight of each feature source can change dynamically with the real-time fatigue feature measurements. Further, the proposed model can combine the fatigue state at the previous time step in the decision-level fusion to improve the robustness of the fatigue driving recognition. An improved correction strategy of the BPA is also proposed to accommodate the decision conflict caused by external disturbances. Results from field experiments demonstrate that the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed model are better than those of models based on a single fatigue feature and/or single-source information fusion, especially when the most effective fatigue features are used in the proposed model.
A Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing Based Triaxial Vibration Sensor
Authors: Li Tianliang , Tan Yuegang , Liu Yi , Qu Yongzhi , Liu Mingyao , Zhou Zude
Published: September 2015

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing based triaxial vibration sensor has been presented in this paper. The optical fiber is directly employed as elastomer, and the triaxial vibration of a measured body can be obtained by two pairs of FBGs. A model of a triaxial vibration sensor as well as decoupling principles of triaxial vibration and experimental analyses are proposed. Experimental results show that: sensitivities of 86.9 pm/g, 971.8 pm/g and 154.7 pm/g for each orthogonal sensitive direction with linearity are separately 3.64%, 1.50% and 3.01%. The flat frequency ranges reside in 20–200 Hz, 3–20 Hz and 4–50 Hz, respectively; in addition, the resonant frequencies are separately 700 Hz, 40 Hz and 110 Hz in the x/y/z direction. When the sensor is excited in a single direction vibration, the outputs of sensor in the other two directions are consistent with the outputs in the non-working state. Therefore, it is effectively demonstrated that it can be used for three-dimensional vibration measurement.
Cell Selection Game for Densely-Deployed Sensor and Mobile Devices In 5G Networks Integrating Heterogeneous Cells and the Internet of Things
Authors: Wang Lusheng , Wang Yamei , Ding Zhizhong , Wang Xiumin
Published: September 2015

With the rapid development of wireless networking technologies, the Internet of Things and heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) tend to be integrated to form a promising wireless network paradigm for 5G. Hyper-dense sensor and mobile devices will be deployed under the coverage of heterogeneous cells, so that each of them could freely select any available cell covering it and compete for resource with others selecting the same cell, forming a cell selection (CS) game between these devices. Since different types of cells usually share the same portion of the spectrum, devices selecting overlapped cells can experience severe inter-cell interference (ICI). In this article, we study the CS game among a large amount of densely-deployed sensor and mobile devices for their uplink transmissions in a two-tier HCN. ICI is embedded with the traditional congestion game (TCG), forming a congestion game with ICI (CGI) and a congestion game with capacity (CGC). For the three games above, we theoretically find the circular boundaries between the devices selecting the macrocell and those selecting the picocells, indicated by the pure strategy Nash equilibria (PSNE). Meanwhile, through a number of simulations with different picocell radii and different path loss exponents, the collapse of the PSNE impacted by severe ICI (i.e., a large number of picocell devices change their CS preferences to the macrocell) is profoundly revealed, and the collapse points are identified.
A Lateral Differential Resonant Pressure Microsensor Based on SOI-Glass Wafer-Level Vacuum Packaging
Authors: Xie Bo , Xing Yonghao , Wang Yanshuang , Chen Jian , Chen Deyong , Wang Junbo
Published: September 2015

This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of a resonant pressure microsensor based on SOI-glass wafer-level vacuum packaging. The SOI-based pressure microsensor consists of a pressure-sensitive diaphragm at the handle layer and two lateral resonators (electrostatic excitation and capacitive detection) on the device layer as a differential setup. The resonators were vacuum packaged with a glass cap using anodic bonding and the wire interconnection was realized using a mask-free electrochemical etching approach by selectively patterning an Au film on highly topographic surfaces. The fabricated resonant pressure microsensor with dual resonators was characterized in a systematic manner, producing a quality factor higher than 10,000 (~6 months), a sensitivity of about 166 Hz/kPa and a reduced nonlinear error of 0.033% F.S. Based on the differential output, the sensitivity was increased to two times and the temperature-caused frequency drift was decreased to 25%.
Trends of the Time: An Examination of Judicial Waiver in One State
Authors: Burke Alison
Published: September 2015

During the 1990s and 2000s, nearly every state revised its laws or adopted new legislation facilitating the transfer of juvenile offenders from juvenile court to criminal court. Previously, transfer was reserved for the “worst juveniles”, or those youths who were charged with serious violent offenses. This paper compares and contrasts girls and boys who were judicially waived to adult court in one state from 1994 to 2000. These data suggest that there may be other factors that influence judicial decision-making on the issue of transfer. Policy considerations are also discussed.
Reconciling LGB and Christian Identities in the Rural South
Authors: Woodell Brandi , Kazyak Emily , Compton D’Lane
Published: September 2015

Drawing on in-depth interviews with rural Christians living in the South who identify as lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB), this study analyzes how they negotiate their religious, geographic, and sexual identities. We find that most interviewees employed two strategies to reconcile their Christian and gay identities: emphasizing a personal connection to an accepting God and finding a local church in their rural community in which they felt accepted. We argue that rural contexts influenced interviewees’ reliance on these strategies and show how individuals can construct multiple interpretations about themselves, which do not always align with existing cultural assumptions. In addition, we argue that gender differences exist with regard to participants’ residential choices and the importance they place on “community”. We find that, in general, women value the privacy and freedom afforded to them in rural areas, a sentiment that is echoed in their religious choices while many of the men value the close knit community they find in their small towns.
Optimal Sizing of a Hybrid Grid-Connected Photovoltaic–Wind–Biomass Power System
Authors: González Arnau , Riba Jordi-Roger , Rius Antoni
Published: September 2015

Hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) are a trendy alternative to enhance the renewable energy deployment worldwide. They effectively take advantage of scalability and flexibility of these energy sources, since combining two or more allows counteracting the weaknesses of a stochastic renewable energy source with the strengths of another or with the predictability of a non-renewable energy source. This work presents an optimization methodology for minimum life cycle cost of a HRES based on solar photovoltaic, wind and biomass power. Biomass power seeks to take advantage of locally available forest wood biomass in the form of wood chips to provide energy in periods when the PV and wind power generated are not enough to match the existing demand. The results show that a HRES combining the selected three sources of renewable energy could be installed in a rural township of about 1300 dwellings with an up-front investment of US $7.4 million, with a total life cycle cost of slightly more than US $30 million. Such a system would have benefits in terms of energy autonomy and environment quality improvement, as well as in term of job opportunity creation.
UV-Sensitivity of Shiga Toxin-Converting Bacteriophage Virions Φ24B, 933W, P22, P27 and P32
Authors: Bloch Sylwia , Nejman-Faleńczyk Bożena , Topka Gracja , Dydecka Aleksandra , Licznerska Katarzyna , Narajczyk Magdalena , Necel Agnieszka , Węgrzyn Alicja , Węgrzyn Grzegorz
Published: September 2015

Shiga toxin-converting bacteriophages (Stx phages) are present as prophages in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains. Theses phages can be transmitted to previously non-pathogenic E. coli cells making them potential producers of Shiga toxins, as they bear genes for these toxins in their genomes. Therefore, sensitivity of Stx phage virions to various conditions is important in both natural processes of spreading of these viruses and potential prophylactic control of appearance of novel pathogenic E. coli strains. In this report we provide evidence that virions of Stx phages are significantly more sensitive to UV irradiation than bacteriophage λ. Following UV irradiation of Stx virions at the dose of 50 J/m2, their infectivity dropped by 1–3 log10, depending on the kind of phage. Under these conditions, a considerable release of phage DNA from virions was observed, and electron microscopy analyses indicated a large proportion of partially damaged virions. Infection of E. coli cells with UV-irradiated Stx phages resulted in significantly decreased levels of expression of N and cro genes, crucial for lytic development. We conclude that inactivation of Stx virions caused by relatively low dose of UV light is due to damage of capsids that prevents effective infection of the host cells.
Tegument Assembly and Secondary Envelopment of Alphaherpesviruses
Authors: Owen Danielle , Crump Colin , Graham Stephen
Published: September 2015

Alphaherpesviruses like herpes simplex virus are large DNA viruses characterized by their ability to establish lifelong latent infection in neurons. As for all herpesviruses, alphaherpesvirus virions contain a protein-rich layer called “tegument” that links the DNA-containing capsid to the glycoprotein-studded membrane envelope. Tegument proteins mediate a diverse range of functions during the virus lifecycle, including modulation of the host-cell environment immediately after entry, transport of virus capsids to the nucleus during infection, and wrapping of cytoplasmic capsids with membranes (secondary envelopment) during virion assembly. Eleven tegument proteins that are conserved across alphaherpesviruses have been implicated in the formation of the tegument layer or in secondary envelopment. Tegument is assembled via a dense network of interactions between tegument proteins, with the redundancy of these interactions making it challenging to determine the precise function of any specific tegument protein. However, recent studies have made great headway in defining the interactions between tegument proteins, conserved across alphaherpesviruses, which facilitate tegument assembly and secondary envelopment. We summarize these recent advances and review what remains to be learned about the molecular interactions required to assemble mature alphaherpesvirus virions following the release of capsids from infected cell nuclei.
Targeting Transcriptional Regulators of CD8+ T Cell Dysfunction to Boost Anti-Tumor Immunity
Authors: Waugh Katherine , Leach Sonia , Slansky Jill
Published: September 2015

Transcription is a dynamic process influenced by the cellular environment: healthy, transformed, and otherwise. Genome-wide mRNA expression profiles reflect the collective impact of pathways modulating cell function under different conditions. In this review we focus on the transcriptional pathways that control tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cell (TIL) function. Simultaneous restraint of overlapping inhibitory pathways may confer TIL resistance to multiple mechanisms of suppression traditionally referred to as exhaustion, tolerance, or anergy. Although decades of work have laid a solid foundation of altered transcriptional networks underlying various subsets of hypofunctional or “dysfunctional” CD8+ T cells, an understanding of the relevance in TIL has just begun. With recent technological advances, it is now feasible to further elucidate and utilize these pathways in immunotherapy platforms that seek to increase TIL function.
Controlling River Eutrophication under Conflicts of Interests—A GIS Modeling Approach
Authors: Honti Mark
Published: September 2015

Stream networks are highly complex systems, in which spatially complicated and temporally varying water quality patterns develop. River eutrophication is underlain by nutrient inputs across the entire stream network and is controlled by many interacting factors in an ever moving and renewing medium. These complex features must be perceived as a whole entity to control river eutrophication. The Szamos River is one of the largest tributaries of the Tisza River in Eastern Europe. It delivers high loads of nutrients and algal biomass and fundamentally influences the hydro-morphological, chemical and ecological status of the Tisza River. To improve the ecological status of the recipient river, nutrient and phytoplankton inputs from the tributary should be controlled, yet the two rivers belong to different countries, which are reluctant to harmonize management plans. This study aims at modeling trophic status of the tributary with the PhosFate nutrient emission model to outline a set of management measures that would satisfy both countries. Four management alternatives are analysed with altered landuse patterns, and management options. Each of these alternatives is evaluated against the present conditions.
Estudio constructivo de las ruinas de San Miguel de Sacramenia, como base para su restauración
Authors: Martínez-Monedero M.
Published: September 2015

El artículo aborda el preocupante estado constructivo de las evocadoras ruinas de la Ermita de San Miguel de Sacramenia. Edificio que, a pesar de reunir importantes valores histórico, artístico y paisajístico, no ha recibido atención alguna en las últimas décadas y envejece anónimo con riesgo evidente de colapso. El texto aborda el estudio constructivo-patológico de sus ruinas como herramienta para informar de su precario estado y como base documental sobre la que fundamentar un posible proyecto de restauración que tenga como consecuencia su conservación.
Consolidación y restauración de la fachada norte del Senado de España mediante reanclados, armados, sellados y coberturas
Authors: Monjo J. , Bustamante R.
Published: September 2015

La consolidación y restauración de elementos existentes en la fachada norte del antiguo edificio del Senado de España se ha basado en el reanclado de las molduras macizas del recercado de huecos y de las molduras huecas de cornisas, ambas de piedra artificial, con varillas de poliéster reforzado con fibra de vidrio; en la eliminación del revoco existente y la realización de uno nuevo en dos capas, armando con malla de fibra de vidrio la capa base de cal hidráulica previamente a la aplicación de la capa de terminación de cal aérea; en la apertura de juntas de retracción selladas con silicona neutra, tanto de las molduras como del revoco, y en la cobertura de las superficies horizontales de los elementos salientes con chapa de zinc (molduras, guardapolvos y vierteaguas). Se exponen los estudios previos con los resultados de la documentación histórica, el análisis de los materiales y el diagnóstico de las lesiones que sustentan la intervención.
Assessment of Environmental DNA for Detecting Presence of Imperiled Aquatic Amphibian Species in Isolated Wetlands
Authors: McKee Anna M. , Calhoun Daniel L. , Barichivich William J. , Spear Stephen F. , Goldberg Caren S. , Glenn Travis C.
Published: September 2015

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is an emerging tool that allows low-impact sampling for aquatic species by isolating DNA from water samples and screening for DNA sequences specific to species of interest. However, researchers have not tested this method in naturally acidic wetlands that provide breeding habitat for a number of imperiled species, including the frosted salamander (Ambystoma cingulatum), reticulated flatwoods salamanders (Ambystoma bishopi), striped newt (Notophthalmus perstriatus), and gopher frog (Lithobates capito). Our objectives for this study were to develop and optimize eDNA survey protocols and assays to complement and enhance capture-based survey methods for these amphibian species. We collected three or more water samples, dipnetted or trapped larval and adult amphibians, and conducted visual encounter surveys for egg masses for target species at 40 sites on 12 different longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) tracts. We used quantitative PCRs to screen eDNA from each site for target species presence. We detected flatwoods salamanders at three sites with eDNA but did not detect them during physical surveys. Based on the sample location we assumed these eDNA detections to indicate the presence of frosted flatwoods salamanders. We did not detect reticulated flatwoods salamanders. We detected striped newts with physical and eDNA surveys at two wetlands. We detected gopher frogs at 12 sites total, three with eDNA alone, two with physical surveys alone, and seven with physical and eDNA surveys. We detected our target species with eDNA at 9 of 11 sites where they were present as indicated from traditional surveys and at six sites where they were not detected with traditional surveys. It was, however, critical to use at least three water samples per site for eDNA. Our results demonstrate eDNA surveys can be a useful complement to traditional survey methods for detecting imperiled pond-breeding amphibians. Environmental DNA may be particularly useful in situations where detection probability using traditional survey methods is low or access by trained personnel is limited.
Hybrid approach for travel‐time seismic tomography in elliptical anisotropic media
Authors: Cardarelli E. , Cerreto A.
Published: September 2015

A hybrid approach for seismic travel‐time tomography is proposed in the case of elliptical anisotropic media. A sequential scheme is presented that combines simulating annealing with linearized least squares inversion. At first, simulated annealing is implemented to obtain a velocity model that can be used as initial guess for successive linearized least squares inversion; in the meantime, linear travel‐time interpolation is diffusely used to trace ray paths and calculate travel times. The procedure was tested both for a synthetic model and a field study. Since the field study come from a previous study, uniquely solved by linearized least squares inversion without suggestions for initial guess of the velocity model, we were interested in evaluating upgrades from the hybrid approach compared with solutions coming from a single technique. We found the hybrid approach able to individuate a better velocity model with respect to a “single technique” approach, but as the improvement was slight despite the big amount of computation time needed by simulated annealing, we had also an indirect validation of the previous results of the field study.
Anisotropic effects on the near surface seismic imaging
Authors: Zhang Lina , Zhang Wei , Zhang Jie
Published: September 2015

Anisotropic effects have been widely considered in seismic subsurface imaging but rarely for the near‐surface area. The near‐surface area is often assumed isotropic. Seismic refraction methods are often applied to infer a shallow velocity model, either for making static corrections or for building the top portion of a pre‐stack depth migration velocity model. To study the anisotropic effects on the refractions and the near‐surface imaging results, we design numerical models with horizontal‐transverse‐isotropy anisotropic parameters assigned in the shallow layers and perform three‐dimensional seismic ray‐tracing with the consideration of horizontal‐transverse‐isotropy anisotropy to calculate the first‐arrival travel times. Then, we assume the near‐surface area “isotropic” and invert a near‐surface velocity model using isotropic travel‐time tomography. Through these tests, we have identified that the footprints of the recording geometry could be mapped into the velocity model, and high‐velocity anomalies are produced right above the refractor if the horizontal‐transverse‐isotropy anisotropy is ignored. By applying the azimuth‐dependent travel‐time tomography, we could account for anisotropic effects and infer the fast and slow velocity models to determine the direction of the symmetry axis. With the same approach, we process a three‐dimensional real data set, and the results are consistent with the local geology.
A promoção dos APLs, parques tecnológicos e incubadoras de empresas: construção de uma nova geração de política pública no Brasil
Authors: Lahorgue Maria Alice , Guimarães Sônia Maria Karam
Published: September 2015

A noção de “aglomeração/proximidade espacial de empresas” como base de sinergias, relacionada a território, desenvolvimento local e vantagens econômicas, não é nova. No início do século XX, Alfred Marshall destacou os resultados positivos decorrentes da concentração de firmas especializadas em um determinado local. Surgia o conceito de “distrito industrial” que atribuía o sucesso da firma individual, sobretudo à presença de externalidades – fatores externos à firma, enraizados na comunidade. Segundo Marshall, após um período mais ou menos longo, criavam-se, naquele local, capacidades que ultrapassavam aspectos relacionados à localização geográfica, transformando-se em “uma atmosfera especial” gerada por um ambiente estimulante de competição e de cooperação entre empresas instaladas, que favorecia o surgimento de inovações e de desenvolvimento local. No novo contexto de mudanças tecnológicas e de globalização da economia, a dimensão geográfica e a proximidade local assumem especial relevância, visto que os fatores essenciais ao processo de inovação (conhecimento, qualificação de recursos humanos, qualidade das instituições) não são facilmente transferíveis em termos geográfico-espaciais, como o capital, mas ativos localizados espacialmente. Decorre daí a relevância de espaços como APLs. Os APLs podem ser constituídos ou pela rede formada pela grande empresa e pequenas empresas fornecedoras ou por pequenas empresas que interagem entre si. A inserção de incubadoras e de parques tecnológicos nos projetos locais e regionais de desenvolvimento e sua articulação com os arranjos produtivos locais são pontos importantes de política e passaram a ser integrados às estratégias da experiência recente no Brasil. Este capítulo analisa o papel de parques e incubadoras no desenvolvimento de APLs no Brasil, ou seja, a forma como as ações de fomento público voltadas para o desenvolvimento local e regional têm evoluído nos últimos anos, os limites e realizações desses mecanismos de fomento, no sentido de favorecer o bom desempenho dos APLs constituídos por parques e incubadoras de base tecnológica. Parques e incubadoras são instrumentos híbridos de transferência de tecnologia, pois são, ao mesmo tempo, ligados à produção do conhecimento e ao mercado. O reconhecimento da importância dos arranjos produtivos locais sugere a necessidade de descentralização e, portanto, de revisão do desenho das políticas públicas e instrumentos de CT&I unificados, que tendem a ignorar as particularidades dos APLs.
Systèmes productifs conjoints (université, entreprise) : résultats d’un sondage dans le sud du Brésil
Authors: Ruduit Garcia Sandro
Published: September 2015

Le présent chapitre discute les interactions entre gouvernement, université et entreprise, en mettant l’accent sur la question de l’aide publique aux petites entreprises innovantes dans les systèmes productifs université-entreprise (incubateurs et parcs technologiques) dans le contexte particulier des pays émergents. Ce problème est important, car les aides publiques destinées aux entreprises innovantes au Brésil ont non seulement augmenté sensiblement, mais ont également été ventilées au moyen de nouveaux outils de politique publique ; néanmoins, on ne connaît guère les résultats de cette politique. Le pays doit liquider le modèle de substitution aux importations et d’exportation de produits de base (on parle aujourd’hui de substitution aux exportations) hérité du passé. Pour ce faire, il importe de s’employer à mettre au point de nouveaux programmes d’aides et des politiques industrielles et technologiques afin de favoriser la création de connaissances et la capacité d’innovation. L’hypothèse que nous essaierons de démontrer et qui justifie ce chapitre est la suivante : les aides publiques influent favorablement sur la dynamique des entreprises innovantes localisées dans une structure mixte (universitaire et industrielle), ce qui se traduit par : a) plus d’opportunités d’innovations ; b) la création d’emplois plus qualifiés ; c) une plus grande flexibilité stratégique et organisationnelle et d) une propension aux interactions avec d’autres acteurs productifs. Cette discussion donne lieu à des controverses scientifiques plus vastes, consistant notamment à s’interroger sur les conditions sociales et institutionnelles de l’essor d’un paradigme de développement fondé sur la connaissance et l’innovation, dans le contexte spécifique des pays émergents.Les données étudiées sont tirées d’un sondage réalisé entre 2009 et 2010 sur un échantillon d’entreprises (81 cas) situées dans des incubateurs et des parcs technologiques d’universités importantes des États du Rio Grande do Sul et de Santa Catarina, dans le sud du Brésil.
Entreprises innovantes, culture régionale et acteurs sociaux habiles
Authors: Dias Blanco Gabriela , Guimarães Sônia Maria Karam
Published: September 2015

Ce chapitre examine une expérience réussie d’incubation d’entreprises développée depuis plus de dix ans dans le centre entrepreneurial d’élaboration de technologies (Celta) situé à Florianópolis, dans l’État de Santa Catarina, au Brésil. Le Celta est un incubateur multisectoriel à base technologique, qui comptait, en 2011, 32 entreprises incubées, ainsi que 70 entreprises consolidées sur le marché. Il s’agit de l’un des premiers incubateurs technologiques du Brésil, et il s’est illustré dès le début par les performances de ses entreprises en termes d’innovation. Ce chapitre analyse la constitution d’une culture d’innovation dans une région sans tradition industrielle. Il s’agit d’un cas atypique au Brésil, qui, de ce fait, ne peut pas être généralisé, en raison de la nature des innovations produites (qui se distinguent par leur contribution au pays, comme l’alcootest et l’urne électronique) et des relations étroites établies entre entreprises et universités. Certaines études réalisées sur des entreprises incubées mettent en évidence le fait qu’au Brésil les innovations sont principalement destinées à l’entreprise ou au marché local, alors que les interactions formelles et informelles entre université et entreprise sont encore peu importantes. Quels facteurs auraient contribué à surmonter les lacunes historiques du milieu industriel brésilien, favorisant au sein de l’incubateur des innovations technologiques ayant conquis le marché international ? Cette interrogation s’avère pertinente dès lors que l’on considère les caractéristiques de la région où est installée cette structure, région qui ne se démarquait pas par rapport aux autres dans le secteur industriel. Par conséquent, il n’est pas légitime de supposer que les transformations subies s’expliquent par la consolidation d’une base industrielle et entrepreneuriale préexistante. Il serait également abusif de considérer qu’une structure institutionnelle puisse expliquer à elle seule la création, l’expansion et la consolidation d’entreprises à base technologique ainsi que le renforcement des activités de R & D En effet, on trouve dans d’autres régions du pays de pareilles structures, bien que les résultats ne soient pas les mêmes en termes d’innovation. On cherchera ainsi à fonder notre analyse sur une approche qui intègre les trajectoires des acteurs, les ressources territoriales et les systèmes institutionnels préexistants. Nous nous appuierons : a) sur les thèses de Muller, Héraud et Rafanomezantsoa concernant la culture régionale d’innovation et b) sur le concept d’« acteurs stratégiques habiles » ou d’« entrepreneurs institutionnels » développé par Fligstein et similaire au concept de « performance habile » de Giddens, qui définit les acteurs capables de faire émerger des coopérations en vue de créer de nouveaux ordres et de nouvelles significations sociales.
Pós-fordismo, território e sustentabilidade
Authors: Pecqueur Bernard
Published: September 2015

Este capítulo discute o papel das dinâmicas territoriais nas transformações pós-fordistas. Percebe-se, de fato, a emergência de novas formas de organização e de articulação, bem como de setores de produção com o surgimento de cadeias de abastecimento e de logística. A hipótese de trabalho aqui apresentada é que o local pode ser a base de uma reconstrução institucional pós-fordista. Assim, investigamos os fundamentos de tal reconstrução.A França tem uma longa tradição industrial, enquanto que o Brasil aderiu mais tardiamente à indústria fordista, embora as duas trajetórias tenham características comuns. Propõe-se integrar estas duas economias em um ciclo de maior magnitude para a indústria e seu radicalismo taylorista. Na primeira parte, a reflexão é orientada a partir de três características que representam a superação do núcleo duro do modelo fordista: a não prevalência do objeto material, a dissociação do espaço de produção e de consumação e, por fim, o surgimento da dimensão mesoeconômica.A hipótese a ser validada é o distanciamento mais ou menos acelerado destas características como fundamento do modelo pós-fordista.Na segunda parte, o texto busca evidenciar as consequências das tensões experimentadas pelos atores do sistema global: a separação entre o “local de vida” e “local de trabalho” que produz, por um lado, uma contradição entre as atividades “residenciais” e produtivas e, por outro, a compatibilidade territorial versus a sustentabilidade que ameaça a coerência dos territórios. De fato, no modelo pós-fordista emergente, a questão da sustentabilidade aparece como crucial para a renovação dos recursos. É por meio dessa noção de recurso que a sustentabilidade se une à noção de território.Uma terceira parte esboça o que poderia ser um modelo de “desenvolvimento territorial sustentável”. O modelo esboçado é diferente do modelo ricardiano de mão de obra e especialização nas perspectivas de criação de riquezas que incluem a capacitação de grupos para organizar e elaborar os processos originais de criação de recursos. Portanto, não podemos falar acerca de ativos e de recursos específicos, de vantagens comparativas, mas sim de vantagens “de diferenciação” que pressupõem, por serem produzidas ou valorizadas, estratégias radicalmente diferentes daquelas que visam criar ou reforçar vantagens comparativas. Isto é, a produtividade aparente não é mais o único motor para a competitividade dos territórios produtores.
Digital Paranoia
Authors: McNeal Ramona Sue , Schmeida Mary
Published: September 2015

Participation in social networks, forums, and other discussion groups is a growing trend in the United States. Aside from the benefits of online social media, there is a growing concern about privacy and safety from the devolvement of personal information online. As a result of this unfriendly social media climate, Americans are taking measures to protect personal identity and to avoid surveillance by others. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze factors predicting which groups are most concerned about Internet privacy. In addition, this chapter explores how concerns regarding Information privacy are impacting usage of social network sites. We explore these questions using multivariate regression analysis and individual level data from the Pew Internet and American Life Project. Our findings suggest that those with the greatest fears regarding online privacy are not staying offline but are taking necessary precautions to address concerns.
E-Portfolios as Tools for Collaborative Learning on Digital Platforms
Authors: Loureiro Ana Claudia , Zukowsky-Tavares Cristina
Published: September 2015

In this chapter the authors discuss on the increasingly use of virtual learning environments - Learning Management Systems (LMS) - in university education. Analysis the potential of learning methodologies and more collaborative, problem-solving and dialogical assessment. The authors emphasize the concern with the concepts that underlie technology-enabled assessment processes such as the use of e-portfolio as a resource to monitoring the students' performance, thus being redesigned upon the assessment process, mediated by an educational practice of individual and collective knowledge construction on digital platforms and mobile communication devices.
The Geography of Digital Literacy
Authors: Davis Stuart , Palmer Lucia , Etienne Julian
Published: September 2015

Building off of Straubhaar, Spence, Tufecki, and Lentz's Inequity in the Technopolis: Race, Class, Gender, and the Digital Divide in Austin, TX (2013), a ten-year study of how social, cultural, and economic tensions in Austin have been buried under the city's highly lauded model of technology-led development, this chapter discusses three programs that attempt to promote different forms of media and technology training within the city. Adapting a definition of “digital literacy” theorized by Jenkins (2009) that emphasizes competency, capacity, and empowerment, we examine how these programs present disparate yet potentially compatible approaches for harnessing the transformational potential of information and communication technologies (ICTs) within underrepresented, marginalized, or at-risk populations.
Comparative Approaches of the IGI-Global Collection
Authors: Straubhaar Joseph , Huang Gejun
Published: September 2015

This volume has surveyed a broad swath of the impacts of what is one of the largest technological transformations in human history, the Internet. The Internet has changed the way people communicate: among their friends and families, at school and work, and how they meet new people, within and across cultures. It has changed how companies conduct their business, and refocused many new companies on the business possibilities of the Internet itself, which despite the temporary bust in a number of dot.com businesses at the end of the 1990s, continues to expand with relatively long standing businesses like Amazon and Apple doing extremely well. Furthermore, new businesses like Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp are growing fast, becoming dominant in niches that were not imaginable 20 years ago.
The Role of the Profile and the Digital Identity on the Mobile Content
Authors: Tellería Ana Serrano
Published: September 2015

The (re)construction of the user profile and the digital identity resulting from both conscious and unconscious activity on the Internet is directly linked to the process of creation and diffusion of content. Many times, neither the users-prosumers are aware of this process nor are the authors cognizant of the original content, as new authors – humans as well as machines - cover the relations established between the users, their content, their activity online and the combination of these. Big data and information economy are not just consequences of the possibility of collecting as much information as possible about users. Instead, they provide a quasi unlimited means of mapping and shaping every movement of our behavior and lives through devices and technologies. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to understand how users handle this liquid ecosystem and its relationship with the evolution of mobile content, considering the different rhythms and dimensions.
Three-Point Technique for Partial Discharge Location on XLPE Armoured Underground Cable
Authors: Yii Chai Chang , Khairul Hafizi Rohani Mohamad Nur , Isa Muzamir , Hassan S.I.S.
Published: September 2015

Recently, a new partial discharge location technique called three-point technique had been introduced to locate partial discharge on underground cable. It is the improvement of double-end technique. In this paper, the mathematical formula of three-point technique had been simplified from previous research. Alternative Transient Program (ATP) was being used to simulate both double-end and three-point technique. The results of the simulation were compared and analysed based on the accuracy, cost of implementation and algorithm complexity of the technique. Three-point technique had shown significant improvement in the accuracy of partial discharge location on underground cable.
A Study on the Dielectric Properties of RBDPO Olein under Low Temperature Thermal Ageing
Authors: Mohamad Nur Aqilah , Azis N. , Jasni J. , Ab Kadir Mohd Zainal Abidin , Yunus Robiah , Ishak Mohd Taufiq , Yaakub Z.
Published: September 2015

A number of studies have been carried out previously to investigate the suitability of palm oil as dielectric insulation fluid in transformers. Among the important studies is the ageing performance of palm oil. In this paper, a study was carried out to investigate the dielectric properties of Refined Bleached and Deodorized (RBDPO) Olein after subjected to thermal ageing. A low temperature ageing was carried out at 85°C for 5 days. The AC breakdown voltage, dielectric dissipation factor, relative permittivity and resistivity of RBDPO were examined throughout the ageing duration. It was found that the RBDPO performs reasonably well under low temperature ageing.
Modeling the Impact of PHEV Penetration on the Residential Electrical Networks
Authors: Syed Mustaffa S.A. , Mohd Yusoff M.F. , Baharin N. , Tuan Abdullah T.A.R
Published: September 2015

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) have a better future in term of providing sustainable mobility due to their high efficiency and low emission levels. However, the global penetration of PHEVs can create negative impacts if their charging activities are not scheduled and controlled. This paper presents the impact of PHEVs charging on the residential network in Malaysia under various charging scenarios. The simulation results shows there will be a significant voltage drop in the cable and increment in load profile due to additional load. In order to avoid any unwanted circumtances, several PHEV charging profiles are analysed and some potential solutions are suggested including controlling and resizing of the cable.
Direct Regular Sampled Pulse Width Modulation Technique for a Three-Phase Current Source Inverter
Authors: Azmi Syahrul Ashikin , Roslan Mohd Azrik
Published: September 2015

This paper proposes a new regular sampled pulse width modulation (PWM) for three-phase current source inverters. The theoretical basis of the proposed modulation strategy is described, including dwell time calculations and switching sequence selection. This strategy is well suited for digital implementation, and enjoys all the flexibilities and degree of freedoms as in space vector modulation. In addition, it ensures a minimum number of switching transitions per fundamental cycle, unlike other PWM methods. It is therefore promising for high-power medium-voltage applications. The validity of the proposed modulation strategy has been confirmed using simulation and experimentation. To furthermore substantiate the superiority of the proposed modulation strategy against other PWM methods, its performance is compared to sinusoidal PWM, selective harmonic elimination, and space vector modulation.
Potential of Solar Radiation and Ambient Temperature as an Alternative Energy in Perlis
Authors: Irwan Y.M. , Amelia A.R. , Irwanto M. , Fareq M. , Leow W.Z. , Gomesh N.
Published: September 2015

As a renewable energy and clean energy source, solar power has great development potential. This paper presents the potential of solar radiation and ambient temperature characteristics can be used as alternative energy. All data collected using Davis Vantage Pro2 Weather Station at Centre of Engineering for Renewable Energy (CERE) in Kangar, Perlis. All data consist of daily and monthly average was analyzed. The result shows the average solar radiation and ambient temperature is high in the middle of the year 2013 which is from April to September. These results provide useful information for the design of solar energy system in order to plan the productive system.
Wind Turbine Farm as an Alternate Electric Power Generating System in Perlis - Malaysia
Authors: Hussain Abadal Salam T. , Ahmed S. Faiz , Malek F. , Jawad M.S. , Noorpi Nursabrina , Shasidharan Gomesh Nair , Yusoff Mohd Irwan , Irwanto Misrun Muhammad , Taha Taha A. , Ahmed Shouket A.
Published: September 2015

In many countries fossil fuels are used as the main source to generate electricity, but due to the increase in energy consumption and the rapid depletion of the fossil fuel resources, the demand of alternate energy sources such as solar, wind or hydro power becomes high [1]. In this paper wind energy as an alternate energy resource for electric power generation is proposed in the form of a small wind farm for grid-connected application in Perlis Malaysia. The monthly wind speed data of Perlis which is the smallest state of Malaysia were measured and the wind mill parameters such as Air Density, Blade Length, Power Coefficient and Blade Length were calculated. The mechanical output power of the proposed wind turbine form is calculated to check out its performance and reliability. The results showed that the proposed wind energy power generating system is a good choice and can be implemented in Malaysia to provide enough power for small towns and rural areas.
New Proposal of Dual Power Supply Source for Rural Stand Alone Solar Photovoltaic Home Electrification System in Malaysia
Authors: Razak A.Rahim A. , Hashim U. , Syed Hasan Syed Idris , Zhafran M.
Published: September 2015

Most of renewable energy electrification systems in rural residential area in Malaysia are benefitting the solar PV (photovoltaic) system. The initial 24VDC voltage generated by the modules are converted and inverted to 240VAC to replicate national utility grid standard. However indeed most modern connected loads and electrical appliance are operable within DC voltage internally which requires no extra conversion or inversion at all. Nevertheless when the AC voltage from the grid once been connected to the system, the early PV modules seemed to be totally forgotten and abandoned. An energy conservation concept has been disrupted. A new strategy of benefitting both available DC power and AC utility grid was introduced which could be implemented to save energy and optimised the whole system. Throughout design concept has been proposed and discussed.
Design and Performance Analysis of Automatic Solar Tracking System
Authors: Abdullah F.S. , Nuhafiz H.M. , Mardianaliza O. , Yusof A. , Anida Noor
Published: September 2015

Solar tracker is a device that detects the movement of the sun. Solar tracker receive maximum sun ray in order to produce the maximum power supply by the photovoltaic (PV) panels system. It also depends on the environment factor such as solar irradiation and temperature of the panels. This paper presents the development of the automatic solar tracking system, the construction of the sensor circuit, programming of the control system and also its performance analysis. This automatic solar tracking system is designed with an electronic circuit control using PIC that can trigger the dc motors when the LDR sensors detect sunlight. DC motor will move vertical and 360 ̊ horizontal to increase efficiency of sunlight to the solar panel. Solar panel for the project gets power supply from the battery. The battery will be charged using power from the solar panel.
Comparative Efficiency of Solar Panel by Utilize DC Water Pump and DC Hybrid Cooling System
Authors: Irwan Y.M. , Leow W.Z. , Irwanto M. , Fareq M. , Gomesh N. , Safwati I.
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this paper is discussed about comparative efficiency of solar panel by utilize DC water pump and DC hybrid cooling system. Ambient temperature and solar irradiance are played main role of the efficiency of PV module. When temperature of PV module increase, the efficiency of PV module will decreased and vice versa. When solar irradiance increase, output current and output power will increase with linear and output voltage will increase with marginal and vice versa. A solution is provided to solve problem of low efficiency of PV module which is DC cooling system. DC brushless fan and water pump with inlet/outlet manifold were designed for actively cool the PV module to improve efficiency of PV cells. The PV module with DC water pump cooling system increase 3.52 %, 36.27 %, 38.98 % in term of output voltage, output current, and output power respectively. It decrease 6.36 °C compare than to PV module without DC water pump cooling system. While PV module with DC hybrid cooling system increase 4.99 %, 39.90 %, 42.65 % in term of output voltage, output current, and output power respectively. It decrease 6.79 °C compare to PV module without DC water pump cooling system. The higher efficiency of PV module, the payback period of the system can be shorted and the lifespan of PV module can be longer.