bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Relationship Between Pre-Service Teachers' Behaviors Towards Environmental Issues and Their Awareness
Authors:   Ministry of National Education, Turkey, Ünal Buket Ballıel
Published: August 2021

This research was designed in the relational screening model to examine the relationship between the awareness levels of pre-service teachers towards environmental issues and their behaviors towards environmental issues. 5 multiple-choice questions to determine their descriptive features, the "Awareness Scale for Environmental Issues" developed by Guven (2011) to measure their awareness of environmental issues, and the "Behavior Scale for Environmental Issues" to measure their behaviors on this were applied by the researcher to 129 pre-service teachers studying at Gazi Osmanpasa University, Faculty of Education, Department of Primary School Teaching in the 2019-2020 academic year. Numbers, percentage, mean, standard deviation were used as descriptive statistical methods in the evaluation of the data. T-test was used for comparison of quantitative continuous data between two independent groups and a one-way Anova test was used for comparison of quantitative continuous data between more than two independent groups. Scheffé's test was used after the Anova test as a complementary post-hoc analysis to determine the differences. The Pearson correlation and regression analysis were applied between the continuous variables of the study. As a result of the research, it was determined that the awareness of the pre-service primary school teachers about environmental issues was low and their behavior towards environmental issues was moderate. A low-level significant relationship was found between pre-service primary school teachers’ awareness of environmental issues and their behaviors. As a result, it was concluded that as the awareness levels of primary school teachers towards environmental issues increased, their behaviors towards environmental issues increased positively.
Dāvūd el-Anṭākī’nin en-Nuzhetu’l-mubhice fī teşḥīẕi’l-eẕhān ve taʿdīli’l-emzice adlı eserinde gebelerin ve çocukların tedbiri üzerine
Authors: KUŞ Özgür , ACIDUMAN Ahmet
Published: August 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Dāvūd b. ʿUmar eḍ-Ḍarīr el-Anṭākī’nin XVI. Yüzyılda kaleme aldığı en-Nuzhetu’l-mubhice fī teşḥīẕi’l-eẕhān ve taʿdīli’l-emzice adlı eserinde gebelerin ve çocukların tedbiri üzerine yazılan bölümleri Arapçadan Türkçeye çevirmek ve elde edilen bilgileri Türk tıp tarihi literatüründe yer alan bilgilerle karşılaştırarak sunmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada en-Nuzhetu’l-mubhice fī teşḥīẕi’l-eẕhān ve taʿdīli’l-emzice’nin Mısır ve Lübnan’da basılmış nüshaları incelenmiştir. Adı geçen nüshalarda gebelerin ve çocukların tedbirine yönelik ele alınan ikişer bölüm 13 Nisan – 30 Haziran 2021 tarihleri arasında karşılaştırılmış, Arapçadan Türkçeye çevrilmiş ve yazının bulgular kısmında verilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular öncelikle Dāvūd el-Anṭaḳī’nin Nuzhetu’l-eẕhān fī iṣlāhi’l-ebdān adlı eserinin ilgili bölümleri ve daha sonra da Türk tıp tarihi literatüründe bu konu ile ilgili olarak yapılmış çalışmalardaki bilgilerle karşılaştırılmış ve tartışma bölümünde sunulmuştur.Bulgular: Gebelerin ve çocukların tedbirine yönelik verilen bilgiler en-Nuzhetu’l-mubhice fī teşḥīẕi’l-eẕhān ve taʿdīli’l-emzice’nin her iki nüshasında “3. Kısım 1. Fasıl 4. Bahis: Gebelerin tedbiri hakkında” ve “3. Kısım 1. Fasıl 5. Bahis: Yenidoğanın doğumundan ölüm gününe kadar olan tedbiri hakkında” başlıklı bölümlerinde ele alınmıştır. Bu bölümlerde yer alan bilgilerin Dāvūd el-Anṭakī’nin Nuzhetu’l-eẕhān fī iṣlāhi’l-ebdān adlı eserinde bu konuyla ilgili bölümlerdeki bilgilerle kısmen benzeşmekle birlikte çoğunlukla farklı olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca İslam coğrafyasında yaşamış öncüllerinin eserlerinde yer alan bilgilerle de örtüştüğünü söylemek olanaklıdır. Sonuç: Dāvūd el-Anṭakī en-Nuzhetu’l-mubhice fī teşḥīẕi’l-eẕhān ve taʿdīli’l-emzice’de öncüllerinden farklı olarak emzirilen süt miktarını bir ölçü birimi ile ifade etmekte, çocuğu sütten kesmeyi güneşin ya da ayın su burçlarına doğru geçişi sırasında yapılmasını önermekte, çocuklarda gül ve çiçek gibi bitkilerin keskin kokularından oluşan rahatsızlıklardan ve tedavilerinden söz etmektedir.
Assessment of labor intensity indicators and factors affecting fatigue in civil aviation pilots based on the results of a questionnaire
Authors: Zibarev Evgeny V. , Bukhtiyarov Igor V. , Valtseva Elena A. , Tokarev Andrej V.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. An essential feature of the professional activity of pilots of civil aviation aircraft is the high intensity of work due to pronounced emotional, intellectual, and sensory loads, unique work modes. The study aims to assess the intensity of work and the prevalence of factors affecting fatigue among civil aviation pilots according to an anonymous online questionnaire. Materials and methods. Experts surveyed 667 members of the flight crews in remote anonymous online questioning. We developed the questionnaires under the criteria for assessing the intensity of work, assessing the risk factors for fatigue development according to the ICAO recommendations, and analyzing the pilot's activity algorithm. The researchers used descriptive statistical methods to analyze the survey data. Results. The working conditions of pilots according to 7 indicators of tension correspond to class 3.2: a high level of intellectual loads (72-100% of pilots), a large number of overlapping time zones (18%), the maximum duration of concentrated observation (70.7%), a high density of signals and messages (29.9%), a significant number of objects of simultaneous observation (18.9%), a high degree of risk to one's own life and responsibility for the safety of others (98%), as well as a rough working day (79%). According to the totality of indicators, the general class of labor intensity corresponds to the highest degree (class 3.3). The factors affecting the fatigue of pilots include rare rest between flights (44.6% of respondents), intermittent sleep (59.9%), not always a full sleep before the night flight shift (85.9%). According to the survey results, the share of pilots who have spontaneous sleep during the flight is 74.3%, and frequently delayed reaction to usual, non - standard, or extreme stimuli and signals is 12.3%. Conclusions. The obtained data of the questionnaire survey confirm the results of psychophysiological studies that have shown that the level of the labor intensity of pilots is "super-intense or extreme." Therefore, considering the prevalence of factors affecting fatigue among the crew members, and based on the understanding of the fundamental problems noted by the pilots, it is necessary to develop measures and management solutions to minimize the risk factors for fatigue development.
A system for predicting the development of coronary heart disease in miners with anthracosilicosis
Authors: Panev Nikolay I. , Evseeva Natalya A. , Filimonov Sergey N. , Korotenko Olga Yu. , Danilov Igor P.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Among underground miners, the pathology of the cardiovascular system is much more common than among workers on the surface, which indicates the negative role of the impact of harmful production factors. There is evidence of a high prevalence of traditional risk factors for the development of coronary heart disease among miners with dust pathology of the lungs. Preventive measures for coronary heart disease exist for the timely detection and elimination of risk factors. In this regard, it is relevant to optimize methods for predicting the risk of developing coronary heart disease in coal mine workers. The study aims to develop a system for predicting the probability of developing coronary heart disease in miners with anthracosilicosis based on determining the most significant risk factors. Materials and methods. The experts studied the frequency of coronary heart disease and its risk factors in 139 employees of the primary professions of coal mines. The scientists performed daily ECG monitoring, bicycle ergometry according to the Rose questionnaire. They also studied the indicators of lipid metabolism, hemostasis, the level of homocysteine, C-reactive protein, glycemia, the presence of excess body weight, constitutional and morphological types according to Rice-Eysenck and Tanner. The experts developed a predictive system using the Bayes method. We calculated a predictive coefficient for each factor. Scientists determined the probability of coronary heart disease by the value of the sum of prognostic coefficients. Results. Workers aged 45 years and older have the highest risk of developing coronary heart disease. The experience of working in harmful working conditions for 20 years or more, the presence of arterial hypertension, metabolic syndrome, respiratory failure, andromorphic constitutional-morphological type according to the Tanner index, as well as the presence of hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, increased levels of soluble fibrin-monomer complexes and C-reactive protein - all these are the risks of developing coronary heart disease in miners with anthracosilicosis. Conclusions. The developed system of personalized prediction of the probability of developing coronary heart disease in miners with anthracosilicosis allows us to identify a group of high-risk workers for timely treatment and preventive measures for them.
Current state of working conditions and health of employees of the chemical organ synthesis enterprise
Authors: Bezrukova Galina A. , Novikova Tamara A.
Published: August 2021

Due to the modernization of chemical production in recent years, specialists note a reduction in detection of occupational intoxication and a decrease in the overall occupational morbidity of workers in the chemical industry. At the same time, the risk of loss of professional aptitude for general medical contraindications and the preservation of the functional longevity of employees comes to the first place. The study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current state of working conditions and health from chemical organ synthesis enterprise employees. The experts analyzed the state of working conditions of production workers under a special assessment of working conditions. In addition, we studied the status of the leading professional groups of the enterprise according to the results of a periodic medical examination (PME). The working conditions in the primary professions of the enterprise for the production of acrylic acid nitrile, sodium cyanide, and related products are harmful to 1-3 degrees (subclasses 3.1-3.3). Scientists estimated the a priori occupational risk to employees' health from exposure to harmful factors of the production environment in the categories from small (moderate) to high (intolerable), where it is necessary to take urgent measures to reduce it. Scientists recognized three employers out of 522 who work in harmful working conditions for general medical contraindications (coronary heart disease) as unfit for professional work. We allowed 14 people to work in the profession with restrictions. Specialists identified common somatic diseases in 335 people: sciatica of the lumbosacral level (23.7%), chronic bronchitis (15.3%), essential hypertension (14.4%), and cerebral atherosclerosis (12.3%). The employees of chemical organ synthesis enterprises work in harmful working conditions, namely: the presence of toxic chemicals in the air of the functional area, an increased noise level generated by working production equipment, and the severity of the labor process. An adequate system of hygienic monitoring and organizational and technical measures makes it possible to reduce the class of the degree of harmfulness of working conditions according to the chemical factor to acceptable ones. Polyethological general somatic diseases create the most significant risk of loss of professional aptitude in personnel. Harmful factors of work and lifestyle aggravate the involutional processes.
A Look at the Processes of Developing Math Activities: Pre-service Primary Teachers
Authors: Yorulmaz Alper , Çekirdekci Sıtkı
Published: August 2021

Activities, which are defined as activities that support students’ mathematical learning and increase their levels of mathematic learning, enable the individual to be active by mentally and physically engaging in an action, to establish a cause-effect relationship, and to satisfy his/her curiosity. In this respect, activities have an important effect on the attitude towards mathematics. For this reason, it was aimed to examine the math activity preparation processes of pre-school primary teachers in the current study. To this end, the study was designed in accordance with the case study design, one of the qualitative research methods. In the analysis of the collected data, content analysis was employed. As a result of the study, it was found that the pre-service teachers prepared the activities themselves, they used books and the internet during the development process, and they prepared the activities for the introduction and ending sections of the lesson. In addition, it was observed that while preparing the activity, they considered its suitability for the level of the students and for the purpose of the lesson, they did not take into account individual differences while preparing the activities, and they made use of daily life examples in the activities. The pre-service teachers stated that they had difficulties in preparing activities suitable for the level of the students and stated that they did not consider themselves adequate in preparing activities. Therefore, more emphasis should be placed on improving the skills of developing activities suitable for primary school mathematics lessons in teacher training faculties.
Examining the Relationship Between Pre-Service Teachers' Behaviors Towards Environmental Issues and Their Awareness
Authors: Ünal Buket Ballıel
Published: August 2021

This research was designed in the relational screening model to examine the relationship between the awareness levels of pre-service teachers towards environmental issues and their behaviors towards environmental issues. 5 multiple-choice questions to determine their descriptive features, the "Awareness Scale for Environmental Issues" developed by Guven (2011) to measure their awareness of environmental issues, and the "Behavior Scale for Environmental Issues" to measure their behaviors on this were applied by the researcher to 129 pre-service teachers studying at Gazi Osmanpasa University, Faculty of Education, Department of Primary School Teaching in the 2019-2020 academic year. Numbers, percentage, mean, standard deviation were used as descriptive statistical methods in the evaluation of the data. T-test was used for comparison of quantitative continuous data between two independent groups and a one-way Anova test was used for comparison of quantitative continuous data between more than two independent groups. Scheffé's test was used after the Anova test as a complementary post-hoc analysis to determine the differences. The Pearson correlation and regression analysis were applied between the continuous variables of the study. As a result of the research, it was determined that the awareness of the pre-service primary school teachers about environmental issues was low and their behavior towards environmental issues was moderate. A low-level significant relationship was found between pre-service primary school teachers’ awareness of environmental issues and their behaviors. As a result, it was concluded that as the awareness levels of primary school teachers towards environmental issues increased, their behaviors towards environmental issues increased positively.
A world-first thorascopic surgical instrument for minimally invasive robotically-enabled transplantation of 3D bioprinted heart patches for myocardial regeneration
Authors: Roche Christopher David , Zhou Yiran , Gentile Carmine , Zhao Liang
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Patch-based approaches to regenerating damaged myocardium include epicardial surgical transplantation of heart patches. By the time this therapy is ready for widespread clinical use, it may be important that patches can be delivered via minimally invasive and robotic surgical approaches. This brief research report describes a world-first minimally invasive patch transplantation surgical device design enabled for human operation, master-slave and fully automated robotic control. METHOD: Over a 12-month period (2019-20) in our multidisciplinary team we designed a surgical instrument to transplant heart patches to the epicardial surface. The device was designed for use via uni-portal or multi-portal Video-Assisted Thorascopic Surgery (VATS). For preliminary feasibility and sizing, we used a 3D printer to produce parts of a flexible resin model from a computer-aided design (CAD) software platform in preparation for more robust high-resolution metal manufacturing. RESULTS: The instrument was designed as a sheath containing foldable arms, less than 2 cm in diameter when infolded to fit minimally invasive thoracic ports. The total length was 35 cm. When the arms were projected from the sheath, three moveable mechanical arms at the distal end were designed to hold a patch. Features included: a rotational head allowing for the arms to be angled in real time, a surface with micro-attachment points for patches and a releasing mechanism to release the patch. CONCLUSION: This brief research report represents a first step on a potential pathway towards minimally invasive robotic epicardial patch transplantation. For full feasibility testing, future proof-of-concept studies and efficacy trials will be needed.
Environmental Factors for Motivation of First-Generation Hmong American College Students in Academic Attainment
Authors: Hang Avita , Walsh Nichole
Published: August 2021

This qualitative thematic analysis study examined the motivations of first-generation college graduate Hmong American students in their educational attainment. Currently, Hmong American students are facing cultural and institutional barriers which continue to impact access to and achievement in college. Although there is an educational disparity, for some within the Hmong American student community, there is resilience to overcome and graduate from institutions of higher education which is important to understand. Culturally Engaging Campus Environment Model underpinned the one-on-one in-depth interviews of purposively sampled first-generation college graduate Hmong American students who attended the University of California, Merced. The findings from the study highlighted ways family supports, role models, breaking culturally normed gender roles, Hmong Student Associations (HSAs), and intentional holistic campus supports are important motivational environmental factors in Hmong American students’ higher education journey.
Indonesia’s African Foreign Policy Shift under President Jokowi
Authors: Dorigné-Thomson Christophe
Published: August 2021

Under President Jokowi’s leadership, Indonesia seems to have made Africa a foreign policy priority. Previously bounded by Bandung romanticism and lacking understanding on the contemporary strategic importance of Africa, Indonesia finally launched its own Africa+1 forum in April 2018 in Bali, the Indonesia Africa Forum (IAF), following an economic diplomacy framework and will to do business with Africa. For Jokowi, Bandung should be leveraged to mean business. Indonesia had previously struggled to institutionalize Asia-Africa intercontinental multilateralism through the New Africa-Asia Strategic Partnership (NAASP) launched during the 2005 Asia Africa Summit in Jakarta organized to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Bandung Conference; while other major Asian powers such as Japan, China, Malaysia, India or South Korea developed their own political, economic and cultural platforms with African countries. Closing a clear research gap, this original study allows a better comprehension of this foreign policy shift and of Indonesia's contemporary foreign policy towards Africa within Global Africa Studies. For more pragmatism and flexibility, this qualitative research, notably based on in-depth interviews with Indonesian and African diplomats, uses an eclectic analysis allowing a holistic approach combining levels of analysis and types of factors; thus increasing explanatory power.
Are Items More Than Indicators? An examination of psychometric homogeneity, item-specific effects, and consequences for structural equation models
Authors: McClure Kenneth , Jacobucci Ross , Ammerman Brooke A.
Published: August 2021

Concerns of measurement error often motivate researchers to aggregate item information, using simple heuristics (e.g., sum scores) or latent variable methods, to mitigate unwanted effects such as parameter bias and attenuation. These approaches are often invoked without acknowledging that many scales in practice likely fail to possess the necessary properties for these models to be sufficient (i.e., positive conditional association and vanishing conditional dependence). We argue that measures which are not psychometrically homogeneous likely contain item specific effects particularly when examined in conjunction with external variables. We demonstrate this using a clinical empirical example assessing risk factors for suicidal ideation and show that measures constructed in alignment with principles of psychometric homogeneity are most appropriately modeled at the scale (or subscale) level while other measures should be considered at the item level. As a result, latent variable applications to such instruments are susceptible to interpretational confounding. The effects of interpretational confounding on R2, root mean square error, and model parameters are evaluated in a small simulation study. We conclude that item specific effects are not uncommon in practice and impact both explanatory and predictive research. Our findings suggest that classical approaches to addressing measurement error are insufficient to fully capture the breadth of instruments implemented in practice. Careful consideration of both the scale construction process and roles of scale items in the broader psychological theory are necessary prior to the application of traditional measurement methods.
Evaluation of the compressive strength of commercial sandcrete blocks produced in two metropolises of Delta State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, Nigeria, Akpokodje O. I. , Agbi G. G. ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Delta State University, Oleh Campus, Nigeria, Uguru H. ,   Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering Technology, Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, Nigeria, Nyorere O. ,   Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering Technology, Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, Nigeria
Published: August 2021

The mechanical properties of sandcrete block greatly influenced the durability of structures built from it. This study was carried out to assess the compressive strength of sandcrete blocks produced in two major developmental and rapidly urbanizing zones of Delta State, Nigeria. 150 and 225 mm sandcrete blocks were sampled from 18 blocks moulding factories in Ndokwa East and Ughelli North Local Government Areas of Delta State, Nigeria. Five sandcrete block was sampled from each block moulding factory, at the rate of 9 factories per Local Government Area. The compressive strength of the sampled blocks was determined in accordance with the ASTM International standards. The results of compressive strength test showed that the compressive strengths of the blocks, regardless of the block size ranged from 0.61 to 16.19 MPa. Analysis of the results revealed that apart from the customized blocks, the compressive strengths of all the other blocks fell below the Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS) recommendations of 2.5 MPa for non-load bearing walls. The general poor quality of the sandcrete blocks is attributed particularly to the poor mix ratios adopted by the block producers which fell short of NIS recommendations. Thus, this study recommended that standard regulatory agencies should closely monitor all the block making factories in the state, to ensure that sandcrete blocks produced or brought into the state met NIS recommendations
Barriers to solving environmental problems caused by building constructions in Nigeria: Trudgills’s framework
Authors:   Department of Geography, Federal University of Kashere, Nigeria, Abdullah Ahmad , Gaya Ibrahim Faruk ,   Department of Geography, Federal University of Kashere, Nigeria, Wakil Zarma Ali ,   Nigeria Building and Road Research Institute, Nort-east zonal office, Gombe, Nigeria
Published: August 2021

Our environment has been compromised through unwise and unplanned use of land, air, and water exacerbated by population increase, science and technology so much that some areas in Nigeria no longer support life as it ought to. Continuous impacting negatively on the environment to afford us the luxury building construction can afford, eventually leads us to short term and long term economic and environmental grief. At various forum, conferences and literatures, scientists have raised this concern. Not only have concerns been raised, solutions and recommendations were proffered, yet the problems linger. This work adopted Trudgill’s a range of possible barriers to a better environment occasioned by many facets of human activities on earth, ranked the barriers according to Likert’s scale to determine which of these barriers hinders solving environmental problems caused by building constructions. Data from building and construction practitioners were collected using a questionnaire on masons, architects, land surveyors, structural engineers and clients/contractors through semi-structured. The result indicates that lack of political will and political ideology to implement the solutions proffered and the recommendations made in various researches was ranked as the first or major barrier to solving environmental problem caused by building constructions followed by economic insufficiencies. The third barrier according to the study was technology related barrier. The study recommends green building initiative by government and all stake holders in the construction sector
Exploitation of rank summation index for the selection of 21 maize hybrids for green maize production in South-eastern Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, P.M.B. 6059 Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria, Okoli E. E.
Published: August 2021

Green (fresh) maize (Zea mays L.) provides food security and income to farmers especially when other crops are still in the field. However, research on green maize varieties is scarcely reported in the literature or information on suitable genetic material (germplasm) for green maize production. Two local maize landraces collected from south-eastern Nigeria and five improved varieties sourced from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) were used for this experiment. These seven genotypes were crossed in a half diallel mating system in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and those found significant (p = 0.05) were further subjected to diallel analysis using Griffing’s method II and model I for fixed effects. Rank summation index was used for all the traits studied to identify and select the best performer amongst the genotypes. The rank summation index identified and selected the crosses between DTMA-4 X OKA BENDE-WHITE, OKA MBAISE X OKA BENDE-WHITE, PVA SYM 8 F2 X OKA BENDE-WHITE, POOL 66/ACR-91 X OKA BENDE-WHITE and DMR-ESRY X OKA BENDE-WHITE for the production of green maize in south-eastern Nigeria
Improving Tribological Behavior of ICE’s Cylinder Surface by Laser Surface Texturing (LST)
Authors: Tripathi K. , Lee S. W.
Published: August 2021

This study investigates the effect of laser surface texturing (LST) on the friction and wear behavior of grey cast iron (GCI) of internal combustion engine (ICE) cylinder in lubricated conditions. The dimples having diameter of about (58-60) μm and depth of about 10 μm were created on the surface with various dimple densities ranging from 5 to 50%. A ball-on-disc friction tests were performed for all the specimens under 5W30 and 15W50 oils with different viscosities. The tests were carried out at a load of 5N and speed of 5cm/s. The coefficient of friction of the dimpled specimen was reduced significantly by approximately 32% as compared to the polished speciemen. Specimen with 15% dimples exhibits the lowest coefficient of friction of all the dimpled specimens in both low and high viscous oils. The high viscous oil found to be more efficient regarding coefficeint of friction compared to the low viscous oil. The degree of wear of the specimens was analyzed on the basis of wear scar developed on the counter surface as it supplements the wear during the friction tests. The resistance to wear of the sliding specimens was found to be increased in high viscous oil compared to that in low viscous oil.
Muonium and Water in Histidine Amino Acid
Authors: Pant A. D.
Published: August 2021

In order to apply muon spin rotation and relaxation method for study of life sciences like electron transfer process, detection of molecular concentration, photosynthesis process, etc., theoretical study to understand the stopping sites of muon and its charge species in the macromolecules is necessary. In the systematic theoretical study to know the behaviour of muon and muonium in water hydrated biological macromolecules like protein and DNA through the first-principles approach, the behaviour of a water molecule in the presence of muonium in histidine amino acid with extended main chain is presented here. The sites of a water molecule and a muonium in histidine amino acid are estimated. Two possible sites with potential energy 0.3 eV (approximately) for water molecule in the optimized structure of muonium in extended main chain histidine were estimated. Water in the sites is expected to contribute to enhance the intra- and inter-chain electron transfer in the system as reported experimentally.
Measurement of Plasma Potential, Ion Saturation Current and Mach number using Retarding Field Energy Analyzer
Authors: Mishra L. N. , Fredriksen Å.
Published: August 2021

This article deals about the experimental measurement of plasma potential, ion saturation current and Mach number obtained with the variation of power, operating gas pressure and radial position using retarding field energy analyzer. We employed a retarding field energy analyzer by rotating with different angles such as 0° (facing toward source), 90° (facing side walls) and 180° (facing opposite the source). The coil current is varied from 0 to 15 A to produce the magnetic field which is used to confine the plasma. The flow of plasma has been characterized which was found to be subsonic. The low-temperature plasma is produced by means of a 13.56 MHz helicon plasma source at 300-1000 kW radio frequency power. The plasma is expanding from 13.8 cm diameter source into a 150 cm long diffusion chamber of 60 cm diameter.
Analysis of Tec Variations over Nepal Obtained from GPS Data on Geo-Magnetically Quiet and Disturbed Days of the Year 2015
Authors: Ghimire B. D. , Chapagain N. P. , Basnet V. , Khadka B.
Published: August 2021

Dual frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver in two nearby stations i.e. BESI (28.228 °N, 84.739 °E) and GHER (28.375 °N, 84.739 °E) located at almost same latitude and longitude are used to measure ionospheric total electron content (TEC) for the year 2015. Since Year of 2014- 2016 have been known as most active years in terms of geomagnetic events, the year 2015 shows some abnormal results. Diurnal, monthly and seasonal variations of GPS TEC have been studied. The difference in the value of TEC is observed between quiet and disturbed days. Moreover, the correlation between GPS-data of each month with solar activities parameters such as Kp index, disturbance storm time (Dst) index, and Solar Flux index (F10.7 cm) have been studied, separately for quiet and disturbed days for each station. In case of diurnal variation, mean TEC varies from 0100 UT (LT= UT+5:45) to maximum from 0900 UT to 1100UT. The value of TEC is observed higher on quiet days than disturbed days. For seasonal variation, local seasons i.e. autumn, Spring, Summer and Winter is taken and, the value of TEC is found to be higher in Spring (March, April and May) in both stations in quiet and disturbed days. The difference in value of quiet and disturbed days of GPS-TEC explained the geomagnetic phenomena difference in these days in ionosphere. This study can be useful to calculate the water vapor concentration in the atmosphere which is useful for weather prediction and meteorological department.
Editorial Vol.7(2)
Authors: Adhikari Binod
Published: August 2021

No abstract available.
Classification of Caesarean Section: A Scoping Review of the Robson classification
Authors: Rai Sulochana Dhakal , Teijlingen Edwin van , Regmi Pramod , Wood Juliet , Dangal Ganesh , Dhakal Keshar Bahadur
Published: August 2021

Caesarean section (CS) rate is rising dramatically worldwide. WHO recommended CS rate of 10-15% at populational level would not be the ideal rate at the hospitals level due to the differences on population they have been serving. At the hospital level, a perfectly effective system is necessary to understand the trends and causes of rising trends of CS as well as to implement effective measures where necessary to control the same. Hence, WHO recommended the Robson classification, which is also called the 10-group classification of CS (TGCS) as a global standard tool to assess, monitor and compare CS rates within healthcare facilities over time, and between health facilities. The Robson classification, proposed by Dr Michael Robson in 2001, is a system that classifies all women at admission at a specific health facility for childbirth into 10 groups based on five basic obstetric characteristics (parity, gestational age, onset of labour, foetal presentation and number of foetuses). This classification is easy and simple and mutually exclusive, highly reproducible, easily applicable, and useful to change clinical practice. It has many strengths such as simplicity, flexibility (further subdivisions can be made to increase homogeneity within groups). This classification helps to identify and analyse the contribution of each group to overall CS rates. It also allows distinguishing the main group of women who contributes most and least to the overall CS rates; so that the CS rates can be monitored in a meaningful, reliable, and action-oriented manner in each health facilities for optimal use of CS.
Clamidiose aviária: Revisão
Authors: Piccoli Ronaldo , . Ronaldo José Piccoli , . Joice Aparecida de Andrade , . Aline de Marco Viott
Published: August 2021

Chlamydiosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases of birds. The disease has a cosmopolitan character and is listed in several animal species, including humans. In Brazil, epidemiological data on chlamydiosis are scarce, mainly due to the difficulty of diagnosis or access to it. The purpose of this review is to address the fundamental aspects of avian chlamydiosis such as pathogenesis, clinical presentations and forms of diagnosis, in addition to emphasizing the importance of this disease in unique health.
Fístula oronasal congênita secundária em neonato felino da raça Maine Coon: Terapia clínica e suporte nutricional assistido
Authors: Wajczyk Talita , Trento Bruna Gisele , Sperotto Francieli , Wajczyk Talita , Teixeira Leonardo , Teixeira William Timboni
Published: August 2021

Congenital malformations are related to hereditary factors or promoted by environmental agents, to mention: toxic, infectious, nutritional, chemical and physical. In felines, the casuistry of neonates with malformation is between 1% and 2%. Among the most observed pathologies, we highlight the cleft palate (more frequent), hydrocephalus and agenesis of the digestive tract. In secondary cleft palate the closure of the palate is incomplete, the patient has milk flow through the nostrils, coughing, choking and / or sneezing in the food and respiratory tract infections, the diagnosis being confirmed by inspection of the oral cavity. The article deals with clinical management and assisted nutrition, without surgical correction. A newborn, male, Maine Coon cat was admitted to a clinic complaining of a parent's rejection. On physical examination, the presence of a secondary congenital cleft palate was observed. The tutor and veterinary doctor opted for clinical management, considering the scarcity of literature regarding surgical treatment in neonates with this pathology. The patient was fed by an orogastric tube until his complete adaptation to the large format dry food at five months of age. During this process of adaptation to his congenital condition, the feline developed two cases of aspiration pneumonia by Klebsiella pneumoniae and the ingestion of a foreign body (part of the orogastric tube), assessed by radiography and removed by endoscopy in the descending portion of the duodenum. In the follow-up of the patient until the age of one year and nine months, the feline did not present recurrences regarding aspiration pneumonia. The animal was healthy until the date of submission of this work. This report aims to discuss the clinical management of the patient in this condition and the diets offered for vital maintenance, as well as their growth.
Glioma ocular em cão: Relato de caso
Authors: Guimarães Tarcísio
Published: August 2021

The objective is to report the case of a Transmontano Mastiff dog, eight year old intact male, 88 kg, with history of visual loss, diffuse corneal edema and secondary glaucoma. The ocular ultrasound examination revealed a hyperechoic structure located in the peripapillary region of the optic nerve, showing an image compatible with intraocular neoplasia. The animal was submitted to the enucleation procedure and anatomopathological analysis of the affected eye was performed. Histological examination revealed glioma of the optic nerve, considering that neoplasms that affect the retina and optic nerve are rarely described in veterinary medicine, as the case presented.
Penggunaan Aplikasi Online Quizizz dalam Menganalisis Hasil Tes Kognitif Siswa pada Materi Energi
Authors: Lusiani Lusiani
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of students' cognitive tests on energy using the Quizizz application in online learning. This research method is in the form of survey research and literature review. Sampling was carried out using random sampling in order to obtain 28 vocational students in the physics subject matter of energy, but two of them experienced problems so that they could not take the test of learning outcomes in energy material. The analysis of cognitive test results is described quantitatively with descriptions of images and graphs of media Quizzes. The results showed that as many as 26 SMK students could answer questions correctly on the energy material in some of the questions presented. The analysis of the most correct answers and the fastest time to answer is in the fifth question, 25 correct answers are obtained within 2 seconds, while the least correct answers and the longest answer are in the tenth question with 8 correct answers within 16 seconds. Students can answer questions in the form of theory that are displayed in picture form, while students have difficulty answering questions in the form of mathematical calculations using certain formulas related to energy even though the pictures have been shown as a way to facilitate understanding of the questions. In conclusion, the use of the Quizizz application provides an idea to educators that the learning outcomes of students' cognitive tests can be easily obtained in a fast time to get an evaluation of learning outcomes, so it can be recommended as a medium for evaluating learning in various fields and various subject matter.

Keywords: Energy, Online Learning, Quizizz, Cognitive Tests
Penggunaan My Pop Up Book Ditinjau dari Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Restianim Vivien , Sar’Iyyah Nining , Novianti Chatarina
Published: August 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa setelah diberikan perlakuan berupa penggunaan My Pop Up Book. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu dengan analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kovarian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai F hasil perhitungan lebih besar dari F tabel. Simpulan, terdapat peningkatan pada hasil belajar matematika siswa Sekolah Dasar Watujara kelas IV setelah diberikan perlakuan berupa penggunaan My Pop Up Book.

Kata Kunci: Hasil Belajar, Media Pembelajaran, My Pop Up Book
Pemanfaatan Drainase (Saluran) Air Bekas Limbah Rumah Tangga sebagai Solusi untuk Penurunan Resistansi Pentanahan (Grounding)
Authors: Putra Dian Eka
Published: August 2021

This study aims to anticipate a high value of grounding resistance by utilizing drainage or waste water from household waste as a planting medium to reduce the value of grounding resistance. The research method used is an experimental method of testing and measuring at field locations. In this study, a round rod electrode is coated with copper, namely testing with one electrode rod and two electrode rods that are installed in parallel or better known as the use of a driven rod. The results showed a decrease in the value of the grounding resistance where the average value for 1 grounding rod was 18.32 ohms and 11.82 ohms for the measurement of 2 grounding rods installed in parallel. From the test results, there was a decrease in the resistance value of 59.52% for 1 electrode rod and a 51.75% decrease for 2 electrode rods, where the decrease in the resistance value in the field was caused by factors of water, humidity and used water minerals from household waste. In conclusion, housing with reddish yellow podzolic soil that is clay (high soil resistance) by utilizing water drainage is a solution to reduce grounding resistance.

Keywords: Resistance, Drainage, Grounding (Grounding)
Implementasi Model Problem Based Instruction terhadap Penguasaan Materi Hukum Newton dan Kecakapan Berpikir Kritis Siswa
Authors: Ulfa Umayya , Winata Anggu
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the difference in the achievement of students' average scores between the implementation of the problem based instruction (PBI) model and conventional learning on student activities, mastery of Newton's Law material, and students' critical thinking skills. This research method is a true experiment using a randomized control-group pre-test-post-test design, where the experimental class and the control class are given pre-test and post-test. The results of this study indicate, a) in the psychomotor aspect, the percentage of the good category for the experimental class is on average higher than the control class, while in the affective aspect there is no significant difference; b) there is a significant difference in the mastery of Newton's Law material between students taught through the implementation of the PBI model with an average change in value of 56.59 compared to conventional learning of 46.14; c) there is a significant difference in critical thinking skills between students taught through the implementation of the PBI model with an average change in score of 55.85 compared to conventional learning of 45.62. The conclusion, that the implementation of PBI the average score of psychomotor activity, mastery of Newton's Law material, and students' critical thinking skills are significantly different compared to conventional learning.

Keywords: Critical Thinking Skills, Newton's Law Material, Problem Based Instruction Model, Conventional Learning
Species of the genus Metaphycus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitizing whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Myartseva S.N.
Published: August 2021

A review of and key to four Metaphycus species parasitizing whiteflies are given. M. troas (♀, ♂) is recorded for Mexico for the first time, with first data on the host, Trialeurodes floridensis.
Contribution to the butterfly fauna of Leningrad Province and Saint-Petersburg, NW Russia (Lepidoptera: Diurna)
Authors: Tsvetkov E.V.
Published: August 2021

Distribution of 107 species are discussed and / or illustrated. Two species, Limenitis camilla L. and Everes alcetas Hoffm., are reported as new for the region. The occurrence of five species is confirmed.
Nonoperative management of enlarging syringomyelia in clinically stable patients after decompression of Chiari malformation type I
Authors: Szuflita Nicholas S. , Phan Tiffany N. , Boulter Jason H. , Keating Robert F. , Myseros John S.
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE

The authors aimed to describe the natural history and optimal management of persistent syringomyelia after suboccipital craniectomy for Chiari malformation type I (CM-I).

METHODS

A cohort of all patients who presented to a tertiary pediatric hospital with newly diagnosed CM-I between 2009 and 2017 was identified. Patients with persistent or worsened syringomyelia were identified on the basis of a retrospective review of medical records and imaging studies. The management of these patients and their clinical courses were then described.

RESULTS

A total of 153 children with CM-I and syringomyelia were evaluated between 2009 and 2017. Of these, 115 (68.8%) patients underwent surgical intervention: 40 patients underwent posterior fossa decompression (PFD) alone, 43 underwent PFD with duraplasty, and 32 underwent PFD with duraplasty and fourth ventricle stent placement. Eleven (7.19%) patients had increased syringomyelia on subsequent postoperative imaging. Three of these patients underwent revision surgery because of worsening scoliosis or pain, 2 of whom were lost to follow-up, and 4 were managed nonoperatively with close surveillance and serial MRI evaluations. The syringes decreased in size in 3 patients and resolved completely in 1 patient.

CONCLUSIONS

Persistent or worsened syringomyelia after CM-I decompression is uncommon. In the absence of symptoms, nonoperative management with close observation is safe for patients with persistent syrinx.
Endovascular catheter manometry reliability: a benchtop validation study
Authors: Heiferman Daniel M. , Le Linh N. , Klinger David , Serrone Joseph C.
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE

Catheter manometry is used frequently in neuroendovascular surgery for assessing cerebrovascular pathology. The accuracy of pressure data with different catheter setups requires further validation.

METHODS

In a silicone human vascular model with a pulsatile pump, pressure measurements were taken through multiple arrangements of 2 guide catheters and 6 microcatheters. The systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean pressure, pulse pressure, and area under the curve of the waveform were recorded through catheters with controls at arterial blood pressure ranges. Linear regression modeling was performed, correlating transduction area and relative pulse pressure. Thresholds for acceptable accuracy were ≥ 90%.

RESULTS

Mean pressure demonstrated < 4% variation between all 24 catheter setups and respective controls. A strong linear correlation (r2 = 0.843, p < 0.0005) between microcatheter transduction area and relative pulse pressure with a threshold of 0.50 mm2 was seen (i.e., 0.031-inch inner diameter [ID]). For guide catheters with indwelling microcatheters, there was also a strong linear correlation (r2 = 0.840, p < 0.0005) of transduction area to pulse pressure. The guide catheters with obstructing microcatheters required a transduction area over fourfold higher compared with unobstructed microcatheters (2.21 mm2 vs 0.50 mm2).

CONCLUSIONS

Mean pressure measurements are accurate through microcatheters as small as 0.013-inch ID. Pulse pressure and waveform morphology may require a microcatheter ≥ 0.031-inch ID to achieve 90% accuracy, although the 0.027-inch ID microcatheter reached 85% accuracy. A 0.070-inch guide catheter with a microcatheter ≤ 0.042-inch outer diameter (e.g., Marksman 0.027-inch ID or smaller) allows accurate transduction of pulse pressure. Further validation of these benchtop findings is necessary before application in a clinical setting.