bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MACHADO'S ORGANIC SENSE: AN OUTLINE OF APPROACHES TO LIÇÃO DE BOTÂNICA
Authors: DIXON PAUL
Published: March 2019

Abstract Machado de Assis frequently relies on controlling metaphors, which provide a unifying plan for an entire work. His play Lição de botânica is an example of this practice, where human progress is compared to the life of plants or other simpler organisms. The play contains echoes of the seventeenth-century notion of vegetable love, as seen in Robert Burton and Andrew Marvell. It follows the norms of classical comedy, which has its roots in the celebration of fertility. It illustrates the central ideas of Henri Bergson's philosophy of laughter, which opposes the organic to the mechanical. From a national perspective, it exemplifies the cultural characteristics of cordiality and preference for the jeitinho. The common denominator for all these perspectives is the rejection of rigidity in favor of organic elasticity.
MACHADO MUSICAL: NOTAS SOBRE MÚSICA E ESCRITA
Authors: JACKSON KENNETH DAVID
Published: March 2019

Resumo O presente estudo tem como objeto a influência da ópera e da música no método de composição do escritor. Para tanto, examina motivos ligados à música que serão desenvolvidos nos romances. Ao fim, propõe encontrar na ficção a encenação de uma cidade-teatro, na tradição barroca do grande teatro do mundo.
The use of the Delphi Method adjusted to evaluate the Stork Network: from Image-objective to Reality
Authors: Aragão Antônio Augusto Vieira de , Oliveira Sydia Rosana de Araújo , Gurgel Júnior Garibaldi Dantas
Published: March 2019

Abstract This study aims to evaluate the Stork Network (SN), a new pattern of intergovernmental program. The method was applied through the adjusted Delphi Method, with 13 specialists. It was constituted in 3 moments. A Logical Model (LM) was elaborated, with the purpose of showing the design of the actions of the program and its main components. By consensus the Delphi Matrix of Concordance with the proposal of the Goal Image was elaborated and validated. Finally, this Matrix was used as an instrument to evaluate the degree of implementation of the program. The results show that SN is classified in the Unsatisfactory Level, in the III Macro-regional Health in Pernambuco, corroborating the irrelevance of initiatives developed to strengthen the program. It is concluded that the application of this Delphi Method was consistent with the complexity of the object, given the lack of specific models for this purpose based on new institutional relations in the regionalization of the Unified Health System (SUS, acronym in Portuguese). This study showed its implications for nursing practice in the search for solutions for patient safety in maternal and child health care, pointing out the indispensability of these professionals to make SN more effective, especially in the face of a vulnerable and disadvantaged population in the interior of the semi-arid region, in an adverse political-economic scenario.
Influence of the concentrate of rare-earth elements on the stabilization of high-temperature phases and properties of ceramics based on ZrO2–7Y2O3
Authors: Kulmetyeva V. B. , Vokhmyanin D. S.
Published: March 2019

Using chemical co-precipitation from inorganic precursors, powders based on ZrO2–7wt.%Y2O3 were obtained. Oxides of rareearth elements (REE) – La, Nd, Pr – were introduced into them in concentrated form from 5 to 15 wt.%. Using differential thermal analysis, it was found that an increase in the proportion of concentrate leads to a shift of the temperature maxima of thermal effects to high temperatures from 450 to 505 °C. The influence of the annealing temperature in the range of 600–1200 °C on the phase transformations of the synthesized powders of the ZrO2–7%Y2O3–REE system was studied through Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that their phase composition consists of tetragonal zirconium dioxide ZrO2 regardless of the concentrate content. The effect of sintering temperature on compaction of synthesized powders, phase composition and microstructure of ceramics was examined. It was found that ceramics with 10 % REE concentrate has the highest compaction speed during sintering, and an increase in the concentrate content to 15 % leads to inhibition of compaction during sintering.  Ceramics with 15 % REE had the highest open porosity at all sintering temperatures. It was noted that for samples with 10 and 15 % REE concentrate, with increasing sintering temperature, a decrease in the intensity of the Raman spectra peaks and their broadening is observed. It is associated with the formation of a different type of tetragonal modification. The results of atomic force microscopy showed that after sintering at a temperature of 1350 °C in the structure of ceramics containing 15 % REE concentrate, in contrast to other compositions, a new phase with a faceting and a layered structure was detected.
Halictus hedini hedini (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) newly recorded from Japan, revealed by DNA barcoding and morphology
Authors: Murao Ryuki , Gibbs Jason
Published: March 2019

Halictus hedini hedini Blüthgen is newly recorded from Japan. The species had been previously mistaken for the Holarctic species H. rubicundus (Christ), which is removed from the Japanese fauna. Halictus hedini hedini was previously known from Eastern and Central Asia. Halictus hedini hedini is similar to H. rubicundus, but is separated by the first metasomal tergum with coarse and deep punctures in both sexes and the male flagellum ventrally with a fringe of short hairs. A key to Japanese species of Halictus is provided. DNA barcodes, phenology, and floral records from Japan are reported.
Влияние температуры на скорость расслоения расплавов Sn-Pb в капиллярах
Authors: Boosov Nikita S. , Ouglev Nikolai P.
Published: March 2019

Проведено исследование влияния температуры на скорость  процесса расслоения металлического расплава олово-свинец в наклонном стеклянном капилляре. Основной целью исследования является установление механизма расслоения металлов. Температура считается одним из основных параметров молекулярно-кинетического движения атомов конденсированной системы частиц в жидком состоянии. Скорость движения атомов или кластеров должна  определять скорость самого процесса расслоения, если он связан с диффузионными или конвекционными явлениями в системе. Эксперименты показали,  что с высокой степенью вероятности температура не влияет на динамику переходных кривых, что указывает на особый механизм этого эффекта, не связанный напрямую с общепринятыми  молекулярно-кинетическими  закономерностями.

 

ИСТОЧНИК ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ

Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, проект № 16-01-00662а.

 

 

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Квантово-химическое моделирование взаимодействия в системе MeN(H2O)M (Me = Cu, AgG, Au; N = 1-3; M = 1, 2)
Authors: Nechaev Igor V. , Vvedenskii Alexander V.
Published: March 2019

Моделирование реакции малых кластеров IB металлов с молекулами воды проведено в рамках теории функционала плотности. Рассчитана структура, колебательные частоты, зарядовое распределение и другие характеристики изомеров Men(H2O)m (Me = Cu, Ag, Au; n = 1-3; m = 1, 2). Показано, что частицы Cu2 и Cu3 термодинамически способны разлагать воду на водород и гидроксил при стандартных условиях, другие рассмотренные кластеры IB металлов подобной активностью не обладают.

 

 

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Perception of the Night Scene, An Analytical Study of the Visual Axis Characteristics in the old city canter of Sulaimani
Authors: Faraj Dr. Raz
Published: March 2019

The perception of individuals to the urban scenes at night is different from that of the day. The previous studies dealt with the subject of the night scene in terms of the effect of artificial lighting in the formation of the night scene and its ability to increase the quality and aesthetics of the scene that designed for night use, but this research deals with other factors. The research problem show itself as: There is a difference in the perception of the viewer at night during the day, where some scenes attract people at night while not attracted by the day and vice versa, while other scenes attract individuals day and night. regardless of the type and efficiency of the lighting used. And the aim of the research, is to study the impact of those characteristics at night where as the people perception differs in the night. The research assumed: the perception of night scene changes according to that visual axes, and the most influential factor in this change is the attraction that result from the presence of a land mark in the axis of motion that changes the characteristics of the visual axis between night and day. And between nightscape and another. The importance of research: is to determine the characteristics that make the scene acceptable to individuals through day and night, and limit some recommendations to hire those characteristics in order to increase the vitality of the urban environment and increase the efficiency of use. In order to achieve this, the research based on a methodology consist of a theoretical base include the explanation of concepts like (urban scene, night scene, visual perception, visual axis) in order to achieve this the research adapt the semantic measurement to measure the people perception of the scene, during the night and day periods of the same scenes, and then compare the results to analyze the differences between them and explore the reasons behind it.

Research has found that the characteristics of the axis differ in terms of their impact on the people attraction, as the emergence of the landmarks at the end of the visual axis is the most influential attraction element to people at night. In the night scene people need to see the land marks in compared to the other elements to be able to complete their journey. And that people do not care about the start points as the end points in the journey, in the night compared to the daytime. Keywords: night scene, visual axis, urban landmarks.
The impact of social classes on the residential heritage Buildings Erbil Citadel as a case study
Authors: Salih Chro , Seed Bahar , Ali Assist. Prof. Dr. Alan
Published: March 2019

The class phenomenon is a social case that exists in every society, despite that all the theories tries to deny it. It is an old phenomenon which refers to the beginning of the life of human beings. Previous researchs refer this phenomenon to a number of factors, such as: econnmical basis, professional basis, lifestyle and cultural prevailing of that time, and according to that, sociologists classified these differences within social classes. They affect the social status, behavior, values and lifestyle of people, as well as their place of residence and design. Accordingly, this paper has been designed to expalin the influence of social classes on the design of residential buildings through a historical and analytical approach that illustrates and confirms the research idea. This research assumes that the social phenomenon has a role in creating differences between the designs of traditional residential buildings. In order to prove this, the Erbil Citadel has been chosen as a model of this practical study, because it has clear divisions that consist of three different regions (Saray, Takiya and Topkhana), these divisions are taken from the class divisions of the Ottoman Empire, because the Citadel was a part of the Ottoman Empire until 1918. The research has been divided into two main sections. In the first section, the theoretical aspects of the study have been identified. The concept of layers and the reasons for their appearance have been examined, as the Erbil Citadel has been studied historically. In the second section, the most important analysis of the impact of social classes on the design of residential buildings heritage in the Erbil Citadel have been examined through the outcomes that are drawn from the first part. Finally, the findings of the study have been discussed and tested.
The Effect of Artistic Taste on the Change of Contemporary Kurdish Interior’s Space Elements Case study: Living Spaces in Sulaymania Modern Houses
Authors: Ali Assist. Prof. Dr. Amjad , Abdullah Tablo
Published: March 2019

The factors of personality and socio-cultural upbringing of the Kurdish individual generated an interior environment with unique attributes. This unique interior environment brought about a collective perspective that is reflected in the Kurdish house environment. Yet, the interior environment of the Kurdish home has changed in response to changes in means of living and a variety of factors affecting it, in the cultural, social, and technological context of the Kurdish society. The traditional elements of the Kurdish house’s interior space are disappearing precipitately. New elements, relations, and styles are filling their places in the design of the interior space that are strange to the traditional ways .

This study raises questions about the rapid and far reaching changes that the components of the interior environment of the Kurdish house have witnessed, and links them to the aesthetic tastes of the Kurdish personality, as the factor that is most expressive of the Kurdish mentality and psychology, which is the artistic taste of the Kurdish personality, and also asking about the impact of artistic taste of the Kurdish personality in that change. The research aims to link the vocabulary of taste and the Kurdish personality to the internal spaces of the Kurdish houses, and then to know the extent of the influence of the artistic taste factors in the change in the internal elements of the Kurdish houses, assuming the difference of the influence of artistic taste in the change in the elements of the internal spaces of the Kurdish houses, influenced by Kurdish personality factors. The research concluded that aesthetic and artistic tastes have a different effect on the selection of interior design elements. Specific factors affect the selection of a particular design regardless of aesthetic values, while other factors are influenced by the values and aesthetic criteria in the selection of interior design elements in the Kurdish house.
The impact of criticism time on its logical fallacy content in architectural design studio
Authors: Abdullah Assist. Prof. Dr. Nahith , Hameed Areej
Published: March 2019

This paper attempts to shed light on a phenomenon that occurs in the discourse in general which is the logical fallacies, as it tries to project it on architecture criticism that take place inside design studio, as a type of discourse. It adopts an analytical approach considering criticism process as one of its basic elements, to test the main hypothesis which is the possibility of existance of some logical fallacies in criticism directed at students during that process the paper tries also to clarify the effect of design session time on the nature of these fallacies. The paper find some of these fallacies vary in number and type depending on the change of the monetary session it also find that the progress of sessions decrease count fallacies significantly to come out after the results and indicators from which to judge the practice of academic and contribute to its improvement and development.
DOUBLE MOLYBDATES-TUNGSTATES SYSTEM MR(EO4), WHERE M – NH4, Ag, Cu, Tl, R – TRIVALENT METAL, E – Mo, W
Authors: Perepelitsa A. , Maksin V.
Published: March 2019

More than 120 double tungstates and molybdates of general formula MR(EO4), where M – NH4, Ag, Cu, Tl; R – trivalent metals, E – W, Mo; R – Bi (excepting compounds contained NH4), La – Lu, Y, Sc (excepting compounds contained Cu (I)), In (excepting compounds contained NH4 and Tungsten) were isolated by co-precipitating from aqua solutions, or by solid-phase synthesis. All above mentioned compounds were studied by chemical analysis, thermogravimetry, X-ray and IR spectroscopy. Different numbers structural types were discovered into rows double tungstates and molybdates of composition MR(EO4)2: NH4R(WO4)2 – 3; NH4R(MoO4)2 – 3; AgR(WO4)2 – 4; AgR(MoO4)2 – 5; CuR(WO4)2 – 3; CuR(MoO4)2 – 5; TlR(WO4)2 – 8; TlR(WO4)2 – 11. Most wide among of its are sheyelit CaWO4, types: of KY(MoO4)2, α-KNd(WO4)2, α-KY(WO4)2, of its structural-distorting modifications and structures similar for glazerit. The calculation of meaning ΔHo298 MR(EO4)2, M – alkali metals, NH4, Cu, Ag; E – Mo, W, R – M (II) by method of Kaganyuk D.S. was executed. Dependence ΔHo298 for 300 compounds from radii ratio of mono- and trieevalent metals wаs presented in form of diagrams, it was provided possibility to unite all compounds in only system, where wide areas broadening of structural types were determinated. This diagrams is showing boundaries of structural types, is foreseeing building of unknown like that compounds and is forecasting isomorphic substitution in double tangstats and molybdates of composition MR(EO4)2. It is necessary in processes of preparation of materials for lasers, colouring luminophores, catalyzers, semiconductors, segneto- and piezoelectrics and other materials. It was designed the refined diagrams described regions of structural types of synthesized compounds existing. The formation regularities of different types of polymorphic modifications for crystal structures of the isolated compounds depending on the radii ratio of mono- and trivalent metals have been established. It was compiled a database for materials based on the studied compounds.
Study of the demand for teambuilding training services in contemporary russian organizations
Authors: Zverev D.A. , Stroh W.A.
Published: March 2019

In the period 2013—2014, a study was conducted on the market of services for the formation of work groups, taking into account the types of work groups and processes of group dynamics occurring in socio-psychological training. For the basic typology of work groups authors used the Y.M. Zhukov, A.V. Zhuravlev, E.N. Pavlova model. Based on the results of a specially conducted expert survey aimed at identifying the needs of organizations in the formation of work groups, four main types of training for the formation of work groups were identified and characterized, they were named: “Inspiration”, “Challenge”, “Adjusting” and “Joint decision”. As the analysis showed, each type of training is aimed at actualizing certain processes of group dynamics. The survey of the conducted empirical research made it possible to draw a conclusion about the interrelations of the development of the processes of group and socio-psychological management of work groups of various types. The results of this work are unique and can be used for practical purposes to effectively form work groups in organizations. In addition, they represent a methodological value for the training of specialists in the field of management and organizational psychology.
The principle of situationism in modern social psychology. Review of the book by T. Gilovich and L. Ross "The Science of wisdom". Moscow: Individual, 2019. 368 p.
Authors: Belinskaya E.P.
Published: March 2019

The book summarizes the achievements of social psychology in the last few decades in the field of social cognition. The authors ‘ attention is drawn to the analysis of situational factors that determine the errors of social perception, form social stereotypes and prejudices, as well as influence the choice of various forms of social behavior.
HDPE- Coir composites–fabrication, process parameters and properties
Authors: Hossain 3 Md. Sahadat , Islam 1* Md. Nazrul , Gafur 2 M A
Published: March 2019

The composites of biodegradable high density polypropylene (HDPE) reinforced with short coir fiber were prepared by melt mixing followed by hot press molding. The effect of fiber addition on some physical and mechanical properties was evaluated. Different process parameters (e.g. mixing time, heating temperature and time, cooling time etc.) were established for good sample preparation The effects of fiber addition on some physical and mechanical properties were evaluated. The mechanical properties were studied via Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The density was increased with the increase of fiber addition. The tensile strength (TS) of fabricated product increased with the increase of fiber addition up to 10% (by wt.) and then decreased continuously. The elongation of fabricated composites was decreased with the increase of fiber addition continuously. The changes in the mechanical properties were broadly related to the accompanying interfacial bonding of HDPE coir composites (HDPECC). To observe the hydrophilicity of the prepared composites was evaluated by the water uptake properties. The interfacial bonding of the fiber and matrix of the coir fiber reinforced composites was studied via scanning electron microscope. It revealed that the introduction of short coir fiber led to a slightly improved mechanical stability of PP- Coir composites.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (IMPACT STRENGTH) OF PINEAPPLE LEAF FIBRE REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES WITH VARIATION OF FIBRE LOADING AND TREATMENT PROCESS.
Authors: Sapuan 1,2,,b SM , Izwan 1a S.
Published: March 2019

This paper presents the study of mechanical properties of short pineapple leaf fibre reinforced polypropylene composites. Pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) is one of them that have also good potential as reinforcement in thermoplastic composite. It is the objective of the current research to characterize the mechanical properties of treated and untreated composites of PALF reinforced polypropylene (PP) composite with four different volume fractions of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) was fabricated, (5 vol%, 10 vol%, 15 vol% and 20 vol%).  The study of this PALF-PP composite demonstrates that bulk density of the composite decrease as the volume fraction increased. From the study about impact strength toward the fibre loadings, impact strength and energy absorbed increase as the volume fraction of fibre increased. Untreated PALF gives greater impact strength than treated PALF. From the experiment conducted on impact test and scanning electron microscopy experiment, untreated fibre produce greater impact and absorbed energy than treated fibre. Until 20% of PALF, result showed strength of the composite still rising to prove that 20% of fibre will fabricate finest fibre loading for the PALF-PP composite was observed from the scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrograph as an evidences on compatibility mechanical properties at the intersectional region of composite.
Physicho and electrochemical characterization of PVC incorporated ZP composite membrane and their important parameters through applying TMS equation
Authors: Arsalan 1 Mohd , Zehra 1 Aiman , Khan 2 Mohammad Mujahid Ali
Published: March 2019

The synthetic organic-inorganic composite membranes have enormous applications in the field of filtration and purification processes. The newly synthesized PVC (polyvinyl chloride) incorporated ZP (zinc phosphate) composite membrane is used as a barrier for the transportation of some strong electrolyte solutions like KCl, NaCl and LiCl. The composite material which used to make the membrane was qualitatively synthesized by sol-gel method of material synthesis. To characterize the structural and thermal properties of membrane there are different techniques like FTIR, XRD, TGA/DTA, SEM-EDX, LCR have been used. By characterizations it is clear that the material has crystalline nature, thermally stable and no breakages or cracks are found on membrane the surface. The electrochemical observation was done by potentiometer, which shows that the membrane is cation selective. To determine the charge density of membrane Teorell-Meyer-Sievers method is used. The observed potential and charge density of the incubated membrane follows KCl<NaClNaCl>LiCl order respectively. The other important parameters like transport number, mobility ratio, charge effectiveness are also calculated by observed potential values.
3D Monte Carlo simulation modeling for the electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube-incorporated polymer nanocomposite using resistance network formation
Authors: Zhao 1 Nanzhu , Kim 1 Yongha , Koo 1 Joseph H.
Published: March 2019

High electrical and thermal conductivity associated with high stiffness and strength offer tremendous opportunities to the development of a series of carbon nanotube incorporated composite materials for a variety of applications. In particular, a small amount of carbon fibers or carbon nanotubes in a non-conductive polymer will transform a composite into a conductive material, which reveals superb potential of their future application in electronic devices. The relation between the amount of carbon nanotubes in a polymer and the electrical conductivity of it can be studied experimentally as well as theoretically with various simulation models. A three-dimensional (3D) Monte Carlo simulation model using resistance network formation was developed to study the relation between the electrical conductivity of the polymer nanocomposite and the amount of carbon nanotubes dispersed in it. In this model, carbon nanotubes were modeled as curvy cylindrical nanotubes with various lengths and fixed tube diameter, all of which were randomly distributed in a non-conductive constrained volume, which represents polymer. The model can be used to find the volumetric electrical resistance of a constrained cubic structure by forming a comprehensive resistance network among all of the nanotubes in contact. As more and more nanotubes were added into the volume, the electrical conductivity of the volume increases exponentially. However, once the amount of carbon nanotubes reached about 0.1 % vt (volume percentage), electrical percolation was detected, which was consistent with the experimental results. This model can be used to estimate the electrical conductivity of the composite matrix as well as to acquire the electrical percolation threshold.
3D simulation of transversely isotropic laminated composites in RTM using poromechanics
Authors: Rouhi 1 Mohammad Sadegh , Wysocki 2 Maciej
Published: March 2019

In the present paper we are trying to establish a 3D simulation framework for Resin Transfer Molding for a laminated preform using the already developed porous media theory for composite materials process simulation purposes. The aim here is to implement the process phenomena, such as coupling of sub-processes that are happening simultaneously, in a full 3D description of the problem. For this purpose, an 8-node solid shell element is employed to be able to handle complex 3D stress-strain states. The development is exemplified considering RTM process where the main focus of the modeling will be on the flow advancement into fiber preform and flow front capturing. To this end, the theory of two-phase porous media is used along with assuming hyper-elastic material response for the fiber bed to formulate the problem. A finite element formulation and implementation of the two-phase problem is developed, and the results are presented accordingly.
A Method of Lysate Preparation to Improve the Isolation Efficiency of Protein Partners for Target Proteins Encoded by the Genes of Human Chromosome 18
Authors: Ershov P.V. , Mezentsev Y.V. , Yablokov E.O. , Kaluzhskiy L.A. , Vakhrushev I.V. , Gnedenko O.V. , Florinskaya A.V. , Gilep A.A. , Usanov S.A. , Yarygin K.N. , Ivanov A.S.
Published: March 2019

The aim of this work was to test modifications of the standard protocol for the sample preparation of cell/tissue lysate before performing the affinity isolation of lysate protein partners for the target protein (bait protein) which is covalently immobilized on an inert sorbent (e.g. BrCN-, SH-Sepharose 4B) or a carrier (e.g. paramagnetic nanoparticles). The series of our previous works on applying the approach to direct molecular fishing procedure with combination of affinity chromatography and LC-MS/MS analysis using a number of proteins, encoded by the genes of human chromosome 18, have shown that there are at least two problems affecting the specificity and the effectiveness of this procedure. These include: (i) redundancy of the background proteins in the eluates from an affinity sorbent (carrier) due to isolation of multiprotein complexes “labeled” with a direct protein partner which binds with a bait protein immobilized on the sorbent; (ii) low enrichment of the eluates with appropriate protein partners due to the fact that some direct protein partners in the lysate exist in stable “wild type” complexes with the bait protein itself. This means that latter group of protein partners will not be sufficiently isolated from lysate. Therefore, in order to increase the specificity and efficiency of affinity isolation of protein partners for the bait protein, we modified the standard protocol of lysate preparation and the preliminary step on dissociation of lysate protein complexes was added. Several model experiments for the choice of regeneration solution, assessment of their efficiency in the dissociation of lysate protein complexes as well as the stability and binding capacity of proteins were performed under the control of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor Biacore 3000 using HepG2 cell lysate. It was shown that acid treatment and incubation of the cell lysate for one min on ice (final lysate dilution 20 times) and subsequent neutralization (pH shift from 2.0 to 7.4) resulted in maximal dissociation of the lysate protein complexes without significant negative effects on the protein-protein interactions tested.
Prevalence of cesarean section on demand in Assiut Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Zakherah Mahmoud S. , Farghaly Tarek A. , Ahmed Elham S. , Abbas Ahmed M.
Published: March 2019

Background: The current study aims to evaluate the prevalence of CS on demand in Women's health hospital, Assiut University and Abnob Central Hospital in Assiut Governorate, Egypt.Methods: A cross sectional study conducted in Assiut Women Health Hospital and Abnob central hospital from January 2017 to December 2017. The total number of cesarean section done was 180 cases and the number of CS on demand was 64 (35.6%). The demographic data were collected by one of the study investigators. Women were asked about the causes of requesting CS before surgery.Results: The study group was 64 women with age ranging from 18-40 years old, 40 primipara and 24 multipara. Of those 24 women, 21 of them previously delivered vaginally and only 3 women delivered by emergency CS. Twenty- six women had a history of previous abortion. Fear of pain was the main cause for CS on demand in the whole study participants (57.8%). In primipara, the main cause for requesting CS is fear of pain in 62.5% of participants followed by fear on the baby in 45 % of women. On the other hand, in multipara, the main cause for CS on demand was bad history of previous experience (60%) followed by fear of pain in 50% of cases. There was statistical significant difference between both groups in only two causes; fear of pelvic floor injuries (50% in multipara vs. 20% in primipara, p=0.02) and bad history of previous experience (60% in multipara vs. 0% in primipara, p=0.001). Other causes were not statistically different.Conclusions: The incidence of cesarean sections performed on request without medical indications is rising. The reasons for this are not only for perceived medical benefit, but also due to social, cultural, and psychological factors.
Factors influencing the acceptance of HPV vaccine among civil servants in Delta State Secretariat
Authors: Okwe Uchechukwuka Nnemdi , Chime Helen , Nwose Ezekiel Uba
Published: March 2019

Background: The importance of cervical screening and HPV vaccination cannot be overemphasized. Yet, the level of uptake of HPV vaccination has never been evaluated among Secretariat personnel in Delta State of Nigeria. This part-of-four piece of study aimed to identify the barriers to the acceptance of HPV vaccination in Delta State, Nigeria.Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive survey method was adopted using a structured questionnaire. 285 participants were included. The structured questionnaire included questions on acceptance of HPV vaccination and the factors influencing acceptability. Statistical analysis included percentage proportions of respondents. Absolute and relative frequencies of the factors were also determined. Chi-squared analysis was performed based on dichotomy of participants based on yes/no response to being vaccinated.Results: Less than 8% of respondents have completed the HPV vaccination program. Low income earners have accepted the vaccination more than the high income group (p <0.003). Nature of work implying time constraints was an absolute factor. Accessibility is one of four factors that were significantly associated (p <0.002).Conclusions: Given the observation on nature of work and associated implication of time constraints and also inaccessibility as potentially major factors; it suffices to suggest that acceptance of HPV vaccination may be improved by expounding the days and sites of vaccination programs to be closer to the offices and scheduled around lunch-break times.
The women knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Madagascar
Authors: Romuald Randriamahavonjy , Ratsiatosika Tanjona A. , Martial Rakotonirina A. , Lantonirina Rainibarijaona A. , Ando-Miora Rakotonirina , Rakotovao Andrianampanalinarivo H.
Published: March 2019

Background: Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality, particularly in Africa and Madagascar. The objective of present study was to assess patients' knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about pre-eclampsia in Madagascar.Methods: This is an observational study on the knowledge, belief and attitudes of women seen at the Befelatanana Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital and conducted by questionnaires from 1 December 2017 to 30 May 2018.Results: During the study period, 102 patients agreed to answer our questionnaire. Terminology exists in the local language to describe convulsions and hypertension, but there were no terms that are specific to pregnancy. More than half of our patients knew preeclampsia. In 41% of cases, patients attributed excessive salt intake as a cause of high blood pressure during pregnancy and in 20% secondary to stress. Headache was the best-known symptom of patients. Signs of danger such as epigastric pain, genital bleeding, visual disturbances, convulsions and decreased sensation of fetal movements are not well known to patients. One-third did not know it was lethal. Regarding fetal complications, the occurrence of fetal death in utero was the best known. The majority of patients were aware that blood pressure measurements and urine dipstick testing were mandatory during pregnancy follow-up. To prevent preeclampsia, 46.07% thought that reducing salt intake would reduce the occurrence of preeclampsia.Conclusions: Few patients are aware of preeclampsia, its danger signs and its complications, especially during prenatal consultation. This requires the improvement of knowledge of all health actor. Community health workers should receive basic and ongoing training to facilitate dialogue and information for pregnant and non-pregnant women in each society.
Abruptio placenta retrospective study: maternal and fetal outcome
Authors: Sambath Shanthadevi , V. H. Vanitha Rukmani , S. Subalakshmi
Published: March 2019

Background: Placental abruption is the most common cause of antepartum haemorrhage. Incidence appears to be increasing due to increase in prevalence of risk factors like age, parity, anaemia, poor nutrition, Preeclampsia, PROM, previous MTP. Abruption may be partial or total. Pain and Vaginal bleeding hallmark of abruption.Methods: Retrospective observational study carried out during period of October 2017 to October 2018 at Govt Theni medical college- tertiary care institute. To investigate incidence, cause, maternal and perinatal outcome. Maternal Data includes incidence, age, parity, gestational age, risk factors, intra-operative events, amount of blood loss. Other causes of APH-Placenta praevia and extra-placental causes are excluded. Neonatal data includes Term/preterm, Birth weight, NICU admission, perinatal morbidity and mortality.Results: Total number of deliveries from October 2017 to September 2018 were 7010. Total number of abruptio placenta cases were 55. This study shows increased incidence of severe preeclampsia with abruption. Increasing age as predisposing factor. Mean age of abruption was 26-30 years mainly seen in term pregnancy. Mode of delivery varied. Major complication were PPH and shock managed with blood products.Conclusions: This study reveals increasing age, parity, severe preeclampsia are risk factors. Routine and regular antenatal checkup early detection and correction of Preeclampsia, anemia helps to deduce no of abruption and improving maternal and fetal outcome though maternal morbidity is reduced with modern management of abruption, Timely diagnosis and intervention is necessary. Team efforts by obstetricians, anesthetist and neonatologist is required for better maternal and fetal outcome.
A cross sectional study of depression during pregnancy and its risk factors among pregnant women attending a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry, India
Authors: P. Sabita , M. Prakash , E. Sharmila
Published: March 2019

Background: Depression during pregnancy is a recognized global health issue which can lead to wide range of maternal and neonatal complications to extremes like maternal suicide to infanticide. This study was done to estimate the magnitude of depression during pregnancy and its risk factors among pregnant women attending a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was done among 220 pregnant women attending routine antenatal checkup in outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry, using a systematic random sampling technique. A semi structured questionnaire using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to screen the mothers for antenatal depression.Results: 220 pregnant women were evaluated for antenatal depression. Mean age of the study participants was 25.02±3.13 years. Using PHQ-9 authors found that 19.5% pregnant women were having risk for antenatal depression, of which the mild, moderate and moderately severe levels of depression were 16.4%, 1.4% and 1.8% respectively. The risk of antenatal depression was statistically significant among the women age more than 30 years, husband’s educational status as higher secondary and below, residence in rural area, multigravida, having a male child, strained relationship, no support during pregnancy and pressure for a male child. Logistic regression analysis revealed age ≥30 years (aOR 3.03, 95% CI 1.04-8.82), and no support during pregnancy (aOR 3.30, 95% CI 1.10-9.90) were the significant factors.Conclusions: Since the risk for antepartum depression is huge in this region, there is a need for screening for antepartum depression as a routine antenatal checkup in the out patient department. Reinforcing the importance of appropriate for conception and support for the mother during pregnancy plays a vital role in reducing the magnitude of this depression.
Study of placental location and pregnancy outcome
Authors: Nair Vidhu V. , Nair Sobha S. , K. Radhamany
Published: March 2019

Background: Placental location can be estimated easily using ultrasonogram by 16 weeks. It can be classified based on its location into central and lateral. Central can be anterior or posterior. Lateral can be left lateral or right lateral. Placental location has been attributed to both normal and abnormal pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.Methods: This is a prospective cohort study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology which comprised of 450 singleton gestations between 18 and 24 weeks. The primary objective is to determine the association between placental location and pregnancy outcome and secondary objective is to find out the association between placental location and neonatal outcome. The study population was divided into two groups – central and lateral. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 20, Chi square test and independent two sample t-test.Results: The frequency of central placenta was 377 (83.8%) and lateral placenta in 73 (16.2%). Central placentation had an abnormal outcome in 182(48.3%), lateral placentas with abnormal outcome were 44(60.3%). Abnormal maternal outcomes like hypertensive disorders (33.3%), Intra Uterine Growth Restriction (10.2%), Antepartum haemorrhage (25%), Preterm birth (16.3%) were more in lateral placentation. The number of central placentas having NICU admissions were 62(16.4%) and lateral placenta with NICU admissions were 19(26%).Conclusions: There is a significant association between lateral placentation and abnormal pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Second trimester ultrasound can be used as non-invasive predictor of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.
Comparison of lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels in cord blood
Authors: Aziz Ruqaya , Beigh Mehbooba , Najeeb Qazi , Bhat Ashaqullah , . Irshad
Published: March 2019

Background: Hyperlipidemia is the primary risk factor for coronary artery disease and subsequently leading to morbidity and mortality in adulthood. It is a well-known fact that coronary artery disease can initiate in the fetal stage itself. The present study was planned to analyse cord blood lipoproteins and apolipoproteins levels and its association with gender and birth weight.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, in collaboration with Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at SKIMS Medical College and Hospital, Bemina, Srinagar. A total 200 pregnant women who delivered by normal vaginal delivery and caesarean section were included in the study. 10 ml of umbilical cord blood was collected in a plain vial from the placental end within five minutes of delivery and serum lipoprotein and Apo-lipoprotein levels were measured.Results: Out of 200 newborns102 were males and 98 were females. Statistically significant difference was seen in parameters Apo A1, Apo B, Atherogenic index (Apo B/Apo A1) and LDL between the genders rest of the parameters were statistically. Also 32 newborns (16.0%) had <2500, 152 (76.0%) new born had 2500-4000 and 16(8.0%) > 4000 grams birth weight. The mean lipoprotein and Apo-lipoprotein levels in these new born were compared between the groups. The mean serum levels of TC, TG, LDL and HDL were statistically significant (<0.05) between the three groups were as Apo A1, Apo B, Atherogenic index (Apo B/Apo A1) and VLDL was insignificant (>0.05) respectively.Conclusions: CVD being a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing countries, early screening of the at risk babies i.e. low birth weight newborns using cord blood lipoproteins and apolipoproteins levels helps in primordial and primary prevention of diseases.