bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid simulation method with restoring force correction for structural testing characterized by incomplete boundary conditions
Authors: Wang Shangzhang , Yang Ge , Wang Zhen , Wu Bin , Xiao Jiajun , Ning Xizhan
Published: November 2022

Hybrid simulation is a powerful testing method that combines numerical analysis and physical experiments through on‐line interaction. The substructuring technology enables hybrid simulation to evaluate the structural performance with large‐scale specimens. However, this technology also increases the complexity of specimen boundary conditions. Due to limited equipment resources of structural laboratories, not all the degrees of freedom of the boundary conditions can be realized during tests, which will induce error to the experimental restoring forces and decrease of accuracy of hybrid simulation. In this case, the hybrid simulation method based on restoring force correction was proposed to reduce this error. In this method, the error in experimental restoring forces were corrected using an auxiliary numerical model of the experimental substructure. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through both theoretical analysis and numerical examples. This method was then adopted to evaluate the seismic performance of a spatial reinforced concrete frame with buckling‐restrained braces numerically. Results showed that the proposed method can enhance the accuracy of tests compared to conventional hybrid simulation, and keep computational efficiency in the meanwhile.
Designing Modular Assembly of Electrochemical Flow Microreactor as an Enabling Technology of Electrosynthesis in Laminar Flow
Authors: Yata Ayano , Nakamura Yuto , Okamoto Kazuhiro , Shida Naoki , Atobe Mahito
Published: November 2022

Flow microreactors are well‐suited for organic electrosynthesis because they provide a large surface area for reactions and enable precise control of the residence time. Here, we developed three novel electrochemical flow microreactors for organic electrosynthesis: undivided, divided, and electrophotochemical reactors. These flow reactors were easily assembled using modules made of solvent‐resistant plastics and feature high interchangeability of each component and the applicability of a reference electrode. We evaluated our reactors on the basis of the redox response of ferrocene and ferrocenemethanol. The results suggested that the reactors maintain laminar flow with both aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes. We applied these reactors to paired electrosynthesis and electrophotocatalysis, demonstrating the utility of these systems for electrosynthesis in a laminar flow.
Footsteps I would like to follow? How gender quotas affect the acceptance of women leaders as role models and inspirations for leadership
Authors: Nater Christa , Heilman Madeline E. , Sczesny Sabine
Published: November 2022

This research examines how the method of selecting women leaders affects other women's leadership interest. The results of three experiments (N = 1,015) indicated that only when women leaders were selected due to merit, not quota‐based policies, did they boost female participants’ interest in a leadership position. These reactions were mediated by perceptions of the woman leader's deservingness of her position (Studies 1–3) and consequent acceptance as a role model (Studies 2 and 3). Accordingly, success information validating quota‐based selected leaders’ competence provided a boost in leadership interest equal to that of merit‐based selected leaders (Study 2). For male participants, quota but not merit‐based selected women leaders lowered interest in leadership due to their pessimistic assessment of the probability of being selected (Study 1). These results suggest that a wise implementation of quota regulations includes validating women's competence so they are perceived as deserving of their leader roles and can thus serve as inspiring role models.
Experimental investigations on the performance of solar cooker using nichrome heating coil—Photovoltaic with microcontroller PIC 16F877A
Authors: Simon Prabu Arulraj , Chithambaram Venkatesan , Muthucumaraswamy Rajamanickam , Shanmugan Sengottaiyan
Published: November 2022

In this article, a solar cooker with photovoltaic was developed and manufactured, which offers an electrical emergency power supply and a nichrome heating element in order to be able to cook even on cloudy days and nights. An effective charge controller is made with the microcontroller PIC 16F877A to charge and power the nichrome heating element wound on the cooking vessel. The charge controller prevented the battery from overcharging by effectively regulating the voltage and current from the solar panel. The current through the nichrome coil provides additional heating and the thermal energy that is absorbed by the cooker's absorber plate. Hence the hot water needs a minimum amount of auxiliary heat energy to reach the maximum temperature which is well supplied by the nichrome heating coil. Simulation study for the proposed cooker is recommended in the future to commercialize the cooker for a family of four members with minimum cost. The charge stored in the battery during the day is used to cook food at night and on cloudy days.
Long time series of absolute gravity observations in Kulusuk, southeast Greenland
Authors: Francis Olivier
Published: November 2022

This report contains terrestrial absolute gravity measurements performed near the village of Kulusuk in southeast Greenland. It represents an exceptionally long time series of nearly two decades. The measurements began in July 1996 until July 2015. The station is located a few meters beside a permanent GNSS station. The final gravity values (g‐values), more precisely the accelerations due to gravity, are listed along their associated uncertainties. A description of the station, a short explanation on the absolute gravimeter, and the data processing are presented.
Optimal channel and frequency band‐based feature selection for motor imagery electroencephalogram classification
Authors: Meng Ming , Dong Zhichao , Gao Yunyuan , She Qingshan
Published: November 2022

Common spatial pattern (CSP) is a widely adopted method for electroencephalogram (EEG) feature extraction in brain‐computer interface (BCI) based on motor imagery. Bandpass‐filtering EEG into several subbands related to brain activity tasks is an effective approach to improve the performance of CSP based algorithm. However, this approach tends to suffer the over‐fitting problem because of the increase in feature dimension. Therefore, we proposed an optimal channel and frequency band‐based CSP feature selection method in this paper. Firstly, the correlation coefficient was calculated to select the optimal channels, and these channels were bandpass‐filtered into multiple overlapping subbands. The subbands with higher power spectrum density were chosen for CSP feature extraction. Next, the pair‐wise relevance was utilized to remove subband features with less difference. And then the screened subband features were combined with features extracted from the broadband signal. The Fisher ratio was exploited to carry out further feature selection. Finally, a support vector machine (SVM) was trained to classify the selected CSP features. An experimental study was implemented on BCI competition III dataset IVa and BCI competition IV dataset 1. The average classification accuracy reached 89.33% and 84.08%, which indicated the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Field effect transistor‐based tactile sensors: From sensor configurations to advanced applications
Authors: Wang Jian , Xu Shuyan , Zhang Congcong , Yin Ailing , Sun Mingyuan , Yang Hongru , Hu Chenguo , Liu Hong
Published: November 2022

The past several decades have witnessed great progress in high‐performance field effect transistors (FET) as one of the most important electronic components. At the same time, due to their intrinsic advantages, such as multiparameter accessibility, excellent electric signal amplification function, and ease of large‐scale manufacturing, FET as tactile sensors for flexible wearable devices, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and other fields to perceive external stimuli has also attracted great attention and become a significant field of general concern. More importantly, FET has a unique three‐terminal structure, which enables its different components to detect external mechanics through different sensing mechanisms. On one hand, it provides an important platform to shed deep insights into the underlying mechanisms of the tactile sensors. On the other hand, these properties could in turn endow excellent components for the construction of tactile matrix sensor arrays with high quality. With special emphasis on the configuration of FETs, this review classified and summarized structure‐optimized FET tactile sensors with gate, dielectric layer, semiconductor layer, and source/drain electrodes as sensing active components, respectively. The working principles and the state‐of‐the‐art protocols in terms of high‐performance tactile sensors are detail discussed and highlighted, the innovative pixel distribution and integration analysis of the transistor sensor matrix array concerning flexible electronics are also introduced. We hope that the introduction of this review can provide some inspiration for future researchers to design and fabricate high‐performance FET‐based tactile sensor chips for flexible electronics and other fields.

image
On the real‐time predictive content of financial condition indices for growth
Authors: Amburgey Aaron J. , McCracken Michael W.
Published: November 2022

We provide evidence on the real‐time predictive content of the National Financial Conditions Index (NFCI), for conditional quantiles of U.S. real GDP growth. Our work is distinct from the literature in two specific ways. First, we construct (unofficial) real‐time vintages of the NFCI. This allows us to conduct out‐of‐sample analysis without introducing the kind of look‐ahead biases that are naturally introduced when using a single current vintage. We then develop methods for conducting asymptotic inference on tests of equal tick loss between nested quantile regression models when the data are subject to revision. We conclude by evaluating the real‐time predictive content of NFCI vintages for quantiles of real GDP growth. While our results largely reinforce the literature, we find gains to using real‐time vintages leading up to recessions—precisely when policymakers need such a monitoring device.
Building an oxidation reactor in Taiwan: From volatile organic compounds to secondary organic aerosols
Authors: Lin Yen‐Hsiu , Wu Yen‐Ju , Lin Jim Jr‐Min
Published: November 2022

Large amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted into the atmosphere from both human and natural sources. A significant portion of VOCs would be oxidized via their reactions with atmospheric oxidants like OH, NO3, ozone, etc. The products of the oxidation reactions are often of low volatility and may condense to form secondary organic aerosols (SOA). To study the effect of VOC oxidation in aerosol formation, we are building an oxidation flow reactor system, which consists of (1) a 22‐l aluminum chamber, (2) an ozone source with an ozone detector, (3) a UV‐C (254 nm) lamp, (4) a photoionization detector to measure the effective VOC concentration, (5) various flow/concentration controlling apparatuses, and (6) a scanning mobility particle sizer to monitor the generated particles. Under the conditions of high UV and ozone levels, the oxidation process can be speeded up by orders of magnitude in this reactor. We hope to use this reactor: (i) to learn the “potential” mass of SOA that can be formed from a given VOC source like a traffic or industry site; (ii) to trace back the SOA source by utilizing the shortened reaction times; (iii) to learn the trends from VOC to SOA.
Increased long non‐coding RNA NORAD reflects serious cardiovascular stenosis, aggravated inflammation status, and higher lipid level in coronary heart disease
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyun , Kan Xuetong , Shen Jingjing , Li Jian
Published: November 2022

Objective

Long non‐coding RNA activated by DNA damage (lnc‐NORAD) modulates inflammation, lipid level, and atherosclerosis in various cardiovascular diseases. This study intended to investigate the dysregulated expression of lnc‐NORAD, and its linkage with clinical characteristics, inflammatory cytokines, and accumulating major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients.

Methods

Totally, 160 CHD patients, 30 disease controls (DCs), and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were included. The reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect lnc‐NORAD expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from all participants. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in CHD patients. Then, MACE was recorded during a median follow‐up of 12 (range: 1.0–27.0) months.

Results

Lnc‐NORAD was highest in CHD patients, followed by DCs, and lowest in HCs (p < 0.001). In CHD patients, lnc‐NORAD was positively linked with Gensini score (p = 0.001). Meanwhile, lnc‐NORAD was positively linked to C‐reactive protein (p = 0.023), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (p = 0.016), interleukin (IL)‐6 (p = 0.003), IL‐8 (P = 0.018), and IL‐17A (p = 0.029). No relation of lnc‐NORAD with vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (p = 0.094) and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (p = 0.060) was found. Furthermore, lnc‐NORAD was positively related to total cholesterol (p = 0.014) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.004), whereas lnc‐NORAD was not linked to triglyceride (p = 0.103) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.533). However, lnc‐NORAD (high vs. low), and its higher quartiles were both not linked to accumulating MACE rate (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased lnc‐NORAD is linked with aggravated stenosis degree, inflammation status, and blood lipid in CHD patients. However, further validation is required.
Current status of cone‐beam computed tomography teaching in Brazilian undergraduate endodontic programs – A web‐based survey
Authors: Coelho Marcelo Santos , Rios Marcos de Azevêdo
Published: November 2022

Purposes

This study aimed to assess the current status of cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) education in Brazilian undergraduate Endodontic programs.

Methods

One hundred program directors were emailed. The questionnaire asked whether the CBCT topic was included in the program, the availability of a CBCT machine, and, the total length of the dental program. For the group that does not teach, seven questions discussed the reasons for not teaching and whether another subject included this topic. For the programs that included CBCT, seven questions discussed the number of hours included, and the impression of the program directors with the quality of the teaching. The chi‐square test was used for the correlation between the availability of the CBCT machine and the length of the dental program with the inclusion of the topic.

Results

Thirty‐five program directors replied to the questionnaire. Twenty‐six (74.3%) reported that the topic of CBCT is not included in their programs. There was no impact of the availability of a CBCT machine on the inclusion of the topic (p > 0.05). The increased length of the dental program decreased the inclusion of the topic (p < 0.05). Fifty percent of the directors replied that lack of time is the reason for not including the topic. Among the programs that include CBCT, the majority (55.6%) deliver 3–5 h of lectures. The practical activities range from 1 to 5 h or more. The majority (77.8%) of the directors are satisfied with the content delivered and 44.4% understand that the students are competent in the interpretation of CBCT images.

Conclusions

The majority of the Endodontic undergraduate programs in Brazil do not include CBCT in the program. The availability of a CBCT machine does not impact the inclusion of the topic, the increased duration of the dental program decreases the inclusion of the CBCT topic.
Prediction of serial perpetrator residence: Part II—Evaluation of prediction model accuracy
Authors: Spaulding Jamie S. , Morris Keith B.
Published: November 2022

A novel approach for geographic profiling was developed which assesses and integrates available information and evidence relevant to the case for the development of a geographic profile (Part I). The approach is flexible when lesser information is available, in the form of a centrographic model for when solely the victim abandonment or murder sites are known and a perpetrator trek model for instances where both encounter and abandonment sites are available. Eleven case studies were used to evaluate these models including a comprehensive application of the evidence driven model to the Yorkshire Ripper investigation from the view of the 1980 advisory team. The calculation of weights for and inclusion of factors in the prediction of perpetrator residence appears to be a viable method for geographic profiling. This method demonstrated the lowest average search area across all cases when compared to both centrographic spatial distribution strategies and the probability distance strategies implemented in software. Implications for casework include a reduction of resource use per serial incident such as manpower, time, and software expenses.
Do radiographers collimate? A retrospective analysis of radiographic collimation of common musculoskeletal examinations at an adult trauma centre
Authors: Ball Sally , McKerrow Megan , Murphy Andrew
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Collimation of the primary beam is an important factor in radiography to reduce dose and improve image quality. The introduction of larger detector plates in direct digital radiography (DR) allows the exposed area to be calculated by removing cropping applied to the image. The aim of this study was to assess whether the exposed area was larger than a reference standard across five different projections on different body types, with the reference size being the corresponding cassette size used in traditional film/screen or computed radiography (CR).

Method

A retrospective clinical audit of five common musculoskeletal radiographic projections (AP knee, AP shoulder, horizontal beam lateral hip, lateral cervical spine and lateral facial bones), of 359 patients was undertaken. The electronic cropping was removed from projections, and the superior–inferior, antero‐posterior and medio‐lateral collimation size was measured, depending on the projection. The two measurements were multiplied to give an exposed field of view area. The three measurements were compared with a reference standard, being the size of the corresponding cassette size used in the department on film/screen or computed radiography.

Results

From the five projections, 1071 measurements were analysed. 416 (38.8%) of these measurements were less than or equal to the agreed reference standard. 655 (61.2%) were greater than the agreed reference standard.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates that the majority (61.2%) of the measurements taken were above the reference standard. This results in an increase in radiation dose to patients and detrimental impacts on image quality.
Release of hepatitis B virions is positively regulated by glucose‐regulated protein 78 through direct interaction with preS1
Authors: Shi Yueyuan , Jin Xin , Wu Shuang , Liu Junye , Zhang Hongpeng , Cai Xuefei , Yang Yuan , Zhang Xiang , Wei Jie , Luo Miao , Zhou Hua , Zhou Huihao , Huang Ailong , Wang Deqiang
Published: November 2022

In this study, we investigated the mechanism of hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐enveloped particle release. Specifically, we used preS1 as a bait protein to screen host proteins using mass spectroscopy, with the results of immunofluorescence, western blot, co‐immunoprecipitation, isothermal titration calorimetry, and pull‐down assays identifying glucose‐regulated protein (GRP)78 as a specific target for preS1 binding. We employed transcriptome sequencing, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, and particle gel assays to investigate the mechanism of GRP78‐mediated positive regulation of HBV‐enveloped particle release. Additionally, we performed phage‐display, surface plasmon resonance, and molecular‐docking assays to assess peptides inhibiting enveloped‐particle release. We found that HBV upregulated GRP78 expression in liver cell lines and the serum of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Furthermore, GRP78 promoted the release of HBV‐enveloped particles in vitro and in vivo within an HBV transgenic mouse model. Moreover, we identified interactions of preS1 peptides with GRP78 via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, which effectively inhibited its interaction with HBV‐enveloped particles and their subsequent release. These findings provide novel insights regarding HBV virion release, and demonstrated that GRP78 interacted with preS1 to positively regulate the release of HBV‐enveloped particles, suggesting GRP78 as a potential therapeutic target for inhibiting HBV infection.
Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus EM1107 prevents hyperglycemia, alveolar bone loss, and inflammation in a rat model of diabetes and periodontitis
Authors: Silva Davi N. A. , Cruz Natália T. S. , Martins Agnes A. , Silva Régia C. M. , Almeida Hursula C. , Costa Heloísa E. S. , Santos Karina M. O. , Vieira Basílio R. , Sousa Frederico B. , Junior Francisco S. , Júnior Raimundo F. A. , Guerra Gerlane C. B. , Pirih Flavia Q. , Araújo Aurigena A. , Martins Ana R. L. A.
Published: November 2022

Background

This study evaluated the antihyperglycemic, anti–bone‐resorptive, and anti‐inflammatory efficacy of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus EM1107 in an experimental model of ligature‐induced periodontitis in diabetic rats treated with metformin (Met).

Methods

A total of 114 male Wistar rats was randomly divided into six groups: (1) control, (2) experimental periodontitis (EP), (3) EP + diabetes mellitus (DM), (4) EP + probiotic (Prob), (5) EP + DM + Prob, and (6) EP + DM + Prob + Met. The animals received probiotic gavage during the 30 days of the experiment. DM was induced on the 14th day of the experiment with a single injection of streptozotocin into the penile vein, followed by ligature for EP induction and Met gavage on the 19th day and euthanasia on the 30th day. Heart blood, gingival and periodontal tissue, and hemimaxillae were collected. Biomolecular analysis, immunoenzymatic assays, histomorphology, and microtomographic analysis were performed. Data were statistically analyzed (p < 0.05).

Results

There was a significant reduction in interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in the Prob groups (p < 0.05) as well as in blood glucose levels in the Prob and Met groups (p < 0.001). In addition, histomorphological analysis revealed that the Prob groups had a reduction in inflammatory infiltrate. Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and microtomographic analyses showed that the EP/DM/Prob/Met group had significantly lower linear and volumetric bone loss than those who had no treatment (p < 0.01). SOD and GPx immunostaining decreased in all groups receiving probiotics.

Conclusion

The findings suggest the immunoinflammatory efficacy of the probiotic L. rhamnosus EM1107 administered either alone or in association with Met in type 1 DM associated with periodontitis.
Production and characterization of cyanocobalamin‐enriched tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits grown using hydroponics
Authors: Yamamoto Aoi , Seki Mahiro , Koseki Kyohei , Yabuta Yukinori , Shimizu Katsuhiko , Arima Jiro , Watanabe Fumio , Bito Tomohiro
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Vitamin B12 is an essential vitamin that is absent in plant‐derived foods such as fruits and vegetables. This can result in an increased risk of developing vitamin B12 deficiency in strict vegetarians (vegans). There are several studies that have aimed to enhance nutrients in food crops. The purpose of the present study was to fortify tomato fruits with vitamin B12 (or cyanocobalamin).

RESULTS

Tomato plants were grown for 70 days in hydroponic culture pots and treated with 5 μm of cyanocobalamin on days 1–24 after the fruiting, and then harvested for tomato fruits. The ripened tomato fruits contained 4.0 × 10−7 g of cyanocobalamin per 100 g of dry weight and showed a significant increase in glucose and lycopene levels.

CONCLUSION

The present study highlights the use of a cyanocobalamin–supplementation system for the production of B12 fortified tomato fruits that can help prevent B12 deficiency in vegetarians. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Treatments of heating and ultrasound improve the inhibition of gallocatechin gallate on tyrosinase
Authors: Hong Xinyue , Song Xin , Wu Xiaqing , Yang Change , Gong Deming , Zhang Guowen
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Gallocatechin gallate (GCG), a catechin of tea polyphenols, possesses inhibitory ability against tyrosinase, but few studies have reported how common processing methods affect it. In this research, the influence of heating and ultrasound treatments on the inhibition of GCG against tyrosinase was explored by ultraviolet–visible absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy, high‐performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

RESULTS

Both heating and ultrasound treatments of GCG alone improved GCG's inhibitory ability against tyrosinase compared with the untreated, and a combination of heating and ultrasound treatment (100 °C, 20 min + 630 W, 20 min) further decreased the relative tyrosinase activity to 26.8%. The treated GCG exhibited a stronger fluorescence quenching effect on tyrosinase, but did not have any influence on the static quenching mechanism. Compared to the untreated GCG, the binding constants of treated GCG by heating, ultrasound and their combination with tyrosinase significantly increased, but the number of binding sites was still approximately one and the main driving force of the treated GCG was still hydrophobic interaction. After treatments of heating, ultrasound and their combination, the composition of GCG solutions was changed.

CONCLUSION

The enhanced inhibition of treated GCG on tyrosinase may be due to partial conversion of GCG into epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) and gallic acid (GA), which may cooperate with GCG to better inhibit the enzyme activity. This study has provided some valuable information for the application of catechins against tyrosinase in food processing and cosmetic industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Synchronous Second Primary Cancers of Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma in the Image‐Enhanced Endoscopy Era
Authors: Luo Xi , Huang Xiaodong , Liu Shaoyan , Wang Xiaolei , Luo Jingwei , Xiao Jianping , Wang Kai , Qu Yuan , Chen Xuesong , Zhang Ye , Wang Jingbo , Zhang Jianghu , Xu Guozhen , Gao Li , Wu Runye , Yi Junlin
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To explore the prevalence of hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPC) with synchronous second primary malignancies (Syn‐SPMs), their impact on clinical outcomes, and associated risk factors in the image‐enhanced endoscopy era.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 673 patients newly diagnosed with HPC at our cancer center between 2009 and 2019. The patients were divided into three groups: (a) no second primary malignancies (N‐SPMs, n = 533); (b) synchronous carcinoma in situ (Syn‐Tis, n = 60); (c) synchronous invasive tumors (Syn‐invasive, n = 80). Propensity score matching was conducted to balance the N‐SPMs and Syn‐invasive groups at a 3:1 ratio.

Results

Most (96.1%) underwent pretreatment esophagogastroduodenoscopy evaluation with image‐enhanced endoscopy. The incidence rates were: Syn‐SPMs, 20.8%; Syn‐Tis, 8.9%; Syn‐invasive, 11.9%. At a median follow‐up of 66.7 months, the Syn‐Tis and N‐SPMs groups had a similar 5‐year overall survival (OS; 45.6% vs. 44.5%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.956; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.660–1.385; p = 0.806). Compared to the N‐SPMs group, the Syn‐invasive group had poorer 5‐year OS (27.0% vs. 52.9%; HR, 2.059; 95% CI, 1.494–2.839; p < 0.001). Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with Syn‐SPMs occurrence (odds ratio, 2.055, 2.414, and 3.807 for light, intermediate, and heavy drinkers, respectively).

Conclusion

The prevalence of Syn‐SPMs among patients with HPC was high. Syn‐invasive SPMs decreased the survival of patients with HPC. Routine screening with image‐enhanced endoscopy should be recommended to detect early‐stage SPMs, especially for heavy alcohol drinkers.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:1906–1913, 2023
What is the Role of Induction Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
Authors: Abiri Arash , St. John Maie A. , Kuan Edward C.
Published: November 2022

Recently, induction chemotherapy has gained favor for managing locally advanced sinonasal malignancies. In this Trio Best Practices paper, we review the evidence surrounding the application of induction chemotherapy for definitive management of locally advanced sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma.
Outcomes and learning curve of endoscopic tympanoplasty: A retrospective analysis of 376 patients
Authors: Cho Young Sang , Park Min Hae , Han Ul Gyu , Son Se‐Eun , Moon Il Joon
Published: November 2022

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the procedural outcomes and learning curve of type I endoscopic tympanoplasty (ET) performed by a single surgeon.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of 376 patients who underwent type I ET performed by a single surgeon over 7 years. We evaluated the pre/post air‐bone gap (ABG), time required for surgery, changes in pain after surgery, success, and failure rate of type I ET.

Results

Hearing results indicated an ABG of approximately 17.8 dB before surgery but decreased significantly to 9.8 dB at 6 months after surgery. The time required for the operation gradually decreased. In particular, the time required for the procedure was 67.6 min in the first year and decreased to 31.5 minutes in the fifth year, a drastic reduction. The graft failure rate up to 6 months after surgery was 13.0% and was the same for both primary and revision surgeries. Graft failure was significantly greater with increasing size of the preoperative tympanic perforation. The success rate varied depending on graft material, and the group with only acellular allogenic dermal matrix showed the lowest success rate. Postoperative pain significantly decreased from 2.01 immediately after surgery to 0.78 points the next day, and there were no severe complications during surgery.

Conclusions

ET produces superior cosmetic results with minimal pain and is associated with stable hearing improvement and high success rate. The operation time decreased with surgeon experience and continued to decrease until the fifth and final year of this analysis.

Level of Evidence

4
Localization of TRPV3/4 and PIEZO1/2 sensory receptors in murine and human larynges
Authors: Foote Alexander G. , Tibbetts Julianna , Bartley Stephanie M. , Thibeault Susan L.
Published: November 2022

Objective

The primary aim of this study was to identify expression of TRPV3 and TRPV4 chemoreceptors across perinatal and adult stages using a murine model with direct comparisons to human laryngeal mucosa. Our secondary aim was to establish novel cell expression patterns of mechanoreceptors PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 in human tissue samples.

Study design

In vivo.

Methods

We harvested murine laryngeal tissue to localize and describe TRPV3/4 endogenous protein expression patterns via immunofluorescence analyses across two developmental (E16.5, P0) and adult (6 weeks) timepoints. Additionally, we obtained a 60‐year‐old female larynx including the proximal trachea and esophagus to investigate TRPV3/4 and PIEZO1/2 protein expression patterns via immunofluorescence analyses for comparison to murine adult tissue.

Results

Murine TRPV3/4 expression was noted at E16.5 with epithelial cell colocalization to supraglottic regions of the arytenoids, aryepiglottic folds and epiglottis through to birth (P0), extending to the adult timepoint. Human TRPV3/4 protein expression was most evident to epithelium of the arytenoid region, with additional expression of TRPV3 and TRPV4 to proximal esophageal and tracheal epithelium, respectively. Human PIEZO1 expression was selective to differentiated, stratified squamous epithelia of the true vocal fold and esophagus, while PIEZO2 expression exhibited selectivity for intermediate and respiratory epithelia of the false vocal fold, ventricles, subglottis, arytenoid, and trachea.

Conclusion

Results exhibited expression of TRPV3/4 chemoreceptors in utero, suggesting their importance during fetal/neonatal stages. TRPV3/4 and PIEZO1/2 were noted to adult murine and human laryngeal epithelium. Data indicates conservation of chemosensory receptors across species given similar regional expression in both the murine and human larynx.
Guiding principles for technical infrastructure to support computable biomedical knowledge
Authors: McCusker Jamie , McIntosh Leslie D. , Shaffer Chris , Boisvert Peter , Ryan James , Navale Vivek , Topaloglu Umit , Richesson Rachel L.
Published: November 2022

Over the past 4 years, the authors have participated as members of the Mobilizing Computable Biomedical Knowledge Technical Infrastructure working group and focused on conceptualizing the infrastructure required to use computable biomedical knowledge. Here, we summarize our thoughts and lay the foundation for future work in the development of CBK infrastructure, including: explaining the difference between computable knowledge and data, and contextualizing the conversation with the Learning Health Systems and the FAIR principles. Specifically, we provide three guiding principles to advance the development of CBK infrastructure: (a) Promote interoperable systems for data and knowledge to be findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. (b) Enable stable, trustworthy knowledge representations that are human and machine readable. (c) Computable knowledge resources should, when possible, be open. Standards supporting computable knowledge infrastructures must be open.
Investigation of isolation enhancement and tune‐ability in patch antenna arrays
Authors: Yin Ruowei , Wu Zhipeng , Wang Shimeng
Published: November 2022

This paper reports the study of a tunable isolator based on a four‐strip resonant structure to reduce the mutual coupling between two patch antennas. Unlike other decoupling structures with a fixed center decoupling frequency, this design provides tunable mutual coupling reduction frequency response and adjustable mutual coupling level by integrating a varactor diode into the strip isolator. This study investigates the effect of the position and capacitance of the varactor diode on mutual coupling. In addition to tune‐ability, the tunable four‐strip resonator reduces the coupling level at all frequencies around 3.5 GHz by at least 6 dB to less than –28 dB without degrading the impedance bandwidth. Compared to the case with the four‐strip resonator structure but without the varactor diode, the isolation is further improved by 2 dB or more. The measured results are consistent with the simulation results.
Transfer learning framework for low‐dose CT reconstruction based on marginal distribution adaptation in multiscale
Authors: Yang Minghan , Wang Jianye , Zhang Ziheng , Li Jie , Liu Lingling
Published: November 2022

Background

With the increasing use of computed tomography (CT) in clinical practice, limiting CT radiation exposure to reduce potential cancer risks has become one of the important directions of medical imaging research. As the dose decreases, the reconstructed CT image will be severely degraded by projection noise.

Purpose

As an important method of image processing, supervised deep learning has been widely used in the restoration of low‐dose CT (LDCT) in recent years. However, the normal‐dose CT (NDCT) corresponding to a specific LDCT (it is regarded as the label of the LDCT, which is necessary for supervised learning) is very difficult to obtain so that the application of supervised learning methods in LDCT reconstruction is limited. It is necessary to construct a unsupervised deep learning framework for LDCT reconstruction that does not depend on paired LDCT‐NDCT datasets.

Methods

We presented an unsupervised learning framework for the transferring from the identity mapping to the low‐dose reconstruction task, called marginal distribution adaptation in multiscale (MDAM). For NDCTs as source domain data, MDAM is an identity map with two parts: firstly, it establishes a dimensionality reduction mapping, which can obtain the same feature distribution from NDCTs and LDCTs; and then NDCTs is retrieved by reconstructing the image overview and details from the low‐dimensional features. For the purpose of the feature transfer between source domain and target domain (LDCTs), we introduce the multiscale feature extraction in the MDAM, and then eliminate differences in probability distributions of these multiscale features between NDCTs and LDCTs through wavelet decomposition and domain adaptation learning.

Results

Image quality evaluation metrics and subjective quality scores show that, as an unsupervised method, the performance of the MDAM approaches or even surpasses some state‐of‐the‐art supervised methods. Especially, MDAM has been favorably evaluated in terms of noise suppression, structural preservation, and lesion detection.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that, the MDAM framework can reconstruct corresponding NDCTs from LDCTs with high accuracy, and without relying on any labeles. Moreover, it is more suitable for clinical application compared with supervised learning methods.
Impact of Process Poisons on the Performance of Post‐Phthalate Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalysts in Gas Phase Propylene Polymerization
Authors: Albeladi Abdulrahman , Moman Akhlaq , McKenna Timothy F. L.
Published: November 2022

The impact of common process catalyst poisons on the performance of a 6th generation Ziegler–Natta catalysts during the gas phase polymerization of propylene are examined using two approaches: introducing propylene without purification, or with one or two sets of purification columns, and by introducing carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), water (H2O), methanol (CH3OH), ethyl acetate (C4H8O2) and dimethyl sulfoxide (C2H6SO) during the polymerization. As expected, purification columns increases the catalyst activity significantly, slightly reduce catalyst decay. Injecting TiBA during the reaction leads to an activity increase. The addition of two full sets of columns substantially increased the repeatability of polymerization reactions. The power of deactivation of poisons injected during the polymerization reaction is: O2 > CO2 > CH3OH > C2H6SO > C4H8O2 > H2O. Adding CO2, O2, and CH3OH resulted in a progressive decrease in molecular weight while almost no effect is observed with H2O. However, C4H8O2, and C2H6SO resulted in a mild increase in molecular weight. Additionally, the effects on crystallinity and stereoregularity are similar where CO2, O2, H2O and CH3OH caused a progressive decrease while C4H8O2 and C2H6SO resulted in a mild increase, indicating some isotacticity control by these two poisons.
Estimation of Reactivity Ratios for Olefin Polymerization Catalysts—On the Importance of Thermodynamics
Authors: Ishola Niyi B. , McKenna Timothy F. L.
Published: November 2022

A systematic study of the impact of gas phase composition on the estimation of the reactivity ratios of a Ziegler–Natta catalyst during the gas phase copolymerization of ethylene with 1‐butene and 1‐hexene has been carried out. The results of the study show that if one uses a realistic equation of state to estimate the co‐ and anti‐solubility effects of multiple species in the gas phase, one can obtain a unique value of the reactivity ratio pair from any number of experiments. However, it is found that using only binary solubility data and ignoring the impact of chemically inert species on solubility will lead to the estimate of composition‐dependent reactivity ratio pairs.
Body mass index associates with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis survival and metabolomic profiles
Authors: Goutman Stephen A. , Boss Jonathan , Iyer Gayatri , Habra Hani , Savelieff Masha G. , Karnovsky Alla , Mukherjee Bhramar , Feldman Eva L.
Published: November 2022

Introduction/Aims

Body mass index (BMI) is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) risk and prognosis, but additional research is needed. The aim of this study was to identify whether and when historical changes in BMI occurred in ALS participants, how these longer term trajectories associated with survival, and whether metabolomic profiles provided insight into potential mechanisms.

Methods

ALS and control participants self‐reported body height and weight 10 (reference) and 5 years earlier, and at study entry (diagnosis for ALS participants). Generalized estimating equations evaluated differences in BMI trajectories between cases and controls. ALS survival was evaluated by BMI trajectory group using accelerated failure time models. BMI trajectories and survival associations were explored using published metabolomic profiling and correlation networks.

Results

Ten‐year BMI trends differed between ALS and controls, with BMI loss in the 5 years before diagnosis despite BMI gains 10 to 5 years beforehand in both groups. An overall 10‐year drop in BMI associated with a 27.1% decrease in ALS survival (P = .010). Metabolomic networks in ALS participants showed dysregulation in sphingomyelin, bile acid, and plasmalogen subpathways.

Discussion

ALS participants lost weight in the 5‐year period before enrollment. BMI trajectories had three distinct groups and the group with significant weight loss in the past 10 years had the worst survival. Participants with a high BMI and increase in weight in the 10 years before symptom onset also had shorter survival. Certain metabolomics profiles were associated with the BMI trajectories. Replicating these findings in prospective cohorts is warranted.
AbobotulinumtoxinA is effective in patients with urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity regardless of spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis etiology: Pooled analysis of two phase III randomized studies (CONTENT1 and CONTENT2)
Authors: Denys Pierre , Castaño Botero Juan Carlos , Vita Nunes Ricardo Luis , Wachs Barton , Mendes Gomes Cristiano , Krivoborodov Grigory , Tu Le Mai , Del‐Popolo Giulio , Thompson Catherine , Vilain Claire , Volteau Magali , Kennelly Michael ,   Dysport CONTENT program group
Published: November 2022

Background

Neurogenic detrusor overactivity incontinence (NDOI) is often inadequately managed with oral therapy.

Objective

To assess efficacy and safety of abobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT‐A; Dysport®; Ipsen Ltd.) according to etiology of NDOI.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Two phase III, randomized, double‐blind studies (CONTENT1 [NCT02660138] conducted in Asia, Europe and North America; CONTENT2 [NCT02660359] conducted in the Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania) both included patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) or multiple sclerosis (MS), with inadequately managed NDOI, regularly performing clean intermittent catheterization (CIC).

Intervention

Patients in CONTENT1 and CONTENT2 received aboBoNT‐A injections 600 U (n = 162)/800 U (n = 161), or placebo (n = 162) into the detrusor muscle.

Outcome Measurements and Statistical Analysis

Primary endpoint: mean change from baseline in number of NDOI episodes/week at Week 6. Secondary endpoints: proportion of patients with no NDOI episodes; incontinence‐related quality of life (I‐QoL); urodynamic parameters; and time‐to‐retreatment. Safety was also assessed. Statistical analyses were conducted for pooled populations by etiology (aboBoNT‐A doses vs. placebo).

Results and Limitations

Of 485 randomized patients, 341 (70%) and 144 (30%) had SCI and MS etiologies, respectively. A significant reduction was observed in mean NDOI episodes/week at Week 6 with both aboBoNT‐A doses versus placebo in the SCI (all p < 0.001) and MS (all p < 0.01) groups, as well as significant improvements in I‐QoL and urodynamic parameters. Median time‐to‐retreatment was longer in patients with MS (48–62 weeks across doses) than those with SCI (39–44 weeks). Safety data were similar between etiologies. Urinary tract infection was the most frequent adverse event; similar numbers were reported across treatment groups.

Conclusions

AboBoNT‐A was well tolerated and significantly improved continence and bladder function, and QoL, in patients with SCI or MS with NDOI performing regular CIC.

Patient Summary

AboBoNT‐A injections improved QoL, symptoms, and bladder function in patients with SCI or MS with bladder muscle overactivity that causes incontinence.
Nongovernmental organizations' leaders' attitude toward social innovation: The validation of a research tool
Authors: Pasikowski Sławomir , Zajda Katarzyna Karolina
Published: November 2022

This paper presents the results of a validation study of an inventory to measure the attitude of leaders of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) toward social innovation related to solving local social problems. The study was conducted using a cross‐validation model and an innovative item cluster analysis method to analyze the data, assessing factor structure, the internal consistency of the test, criterion validity, and stability over time. The results indicate a one‐factor structure for the phenomenon and satisfactory psychometric properties for the inventory. The tool makes possible a study of NGO leaders' attitudes toward social innovation to facilitate the design of educational programs related to solving social problems through social innovation.
Monoacylglycerol O‐acyltransferase 1 lowers adipocyte differentiation capacity in vitro but does not affect adiposity in mice
Authors: Singer Jason M. , Shew Trevor M. , Ferguson Daniel , Renkemeyer M. Katie , Pietka Terri A. , Hall Angela M. , Finck Brian N. , Lutkewitte Andrew J.
Published: November 2022

Objective

Monoacylglycerol O‐acyltransferase 1 (Mogat1), a lipogenic enzyme that converts monoacylglycerol to diacylglycerol, is highly expressed in adipocytes and may regulate lipolysis by re‐esterifying fatty acids released during times when lipolytic rates are low. However, the role of Mogat1 in regulating adipocyte fat storage during differentiation and diet‐induced obesity is relatively understudied.

Methods

Here, adipocyte‐specific Mogat1 knockout mice were generated and subjected to a high‐fat diet to determine the effects of Mogat1 deficiency on diet‐induced obesity. Mogat1 floxed mice were also used to develop preadipocyte cell lines wherein Mogat1 could be conditionally knocked out to study adipocyte differentiation in vitro.

Results

In preadipocytes, it was found that Mogat1 knockout at the onset of preadipocyte differentiation prevented the accumulation of glycerolipids and reduced the differentiation capacity of preadipocytes. However, the loss of adipocyte Mogat1 did not affect weight gain or fat mass induced by a high‐fat diet in mice. Furthermore, loss of Mogat1 in adipocytes did not affect plasma lipid or glucose concentrations or insulin tolerance.

Conclusions

These data suggest Mogat1 may play a role in adipocyte differentiation in vitro but not adipose tissue expansion in response to nutrient overload in mice.