bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Pattern of Primary Productivity in the East/Japan Sea Based on Ocean Color Data Derived from MODIS-Aqua
Authors: Joo HuiTae , Son SeungHyun , Park Jung-Woo , Kang Jae , Jeong Jin-Yong , Lee Chung , Kang Chang-Keun , Lee Sang
Published: January 2016

The East/Japan Sea (hereafter, the East Sea) is highly dynamic in its physical phenomena and biological characteristics, but it has changed substantially over the last several decades. In this study, a recent decadal trend of primary productivity in the East Sea was analyzed based on Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived monthly values to detect any long-term change. The daily primary productivities averaged using monthly values from 2003 to 2012 were 719.7 mg·C·m−2·d−1 (S.D. ± 197.5 mg·C·m−2·d−1, n = 120) and 632.3 mg·C·m−2·d−1 (S.D. ± 235.1 mg·C·m−2·d−1, n = 120) for the southern and northern regions of the East Sea, respectively. Based on the daily productivities, the average annual primary production in the East Sea was 246.8 g·C·m−2·y−1, which was substantially higher than that previously reported in deep oceans. However, a decreasing trend (13% per 10 years) in the annual primary production was observed in the East Sea within the study period from 2003 to 2012. The shallower mixed layers caused by increased temperature could be a potential cause for the decline in annual production. However, this decline could also be part of an oscillation pattern that is strongly governed by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). A better understanding of primary productivity patterns and their subsequent effects on the marine ecosystem is required for further interdisciplinary studies in the East Sea.
Monitoring the NOAA Operational VIIRS RSB and DNB Calibration Stability Using Monthly and Semi-Monthly Deep Convective Clouds Time Series
Authors: Wang Wenhui , Cao Changyong
Published: January 2016

The Visible and Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS)/Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite provide sensor data records for the retrievals of many environment data records. It is critical to monitor the VIIRS long-term calibration stability to ensure quality EDR retrieval. This study investigates the radiometric calibration stability of the NOAA operational SNPP VIIRS Reflective Solar Bands (RSB) and Day-Night-Band (DNB) using Deep Convective Clouds (DCC). Monthly and semi-monthly DCC time series for 10 moderate resolution bands (M-bands, M1–M5 and M7–M11, March 2013–September 2015), DNB (March 2013–September 2015, low gain stage), and three imagery resolution bands (I-bands, I1–I3, January 2014–September 2015) were developed and analyzed for long-term radiometric calibration stability monitoring. Monthly DCC time series show that M5 and M7 are generally stable, with a stability of 0.4%. DNB has also been stable since May 2013, after its relative response function update, with a stability of 0.5%. The stabilities of M1–M4 are 0.6%–0.8%. Large fluctuations in M1–M4 DCC reflectance were observed since early 2014, correlated with F-factor (calibration coefficients) trend changes during the same period. The stabilities of M8-M11 are from 1.0% to 3.1%, comparable to the natural DCC variability at the shortwave infrared spectrum. DCC mean band ratio time series show that the calibration stabilities of I1–I3 follow closely with M5, M7, and M10. Relative calibration changes were observed in M1/M4 and M5/M7 DCC mean band ratio time series. The DCC time series are generally consistent with results from the VIIRS validation sites and VIIRS/MODIS (the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) simultaneous nadir overpass time series. Semi-monthly DCC time series for RSB M-bands and DNB were compared with monthly DCC time series. The results indicate that semi-monthly DCC time series are useful for stability monitoring at higher temporal resolution.
Detection of Organic Compounds in Water by an Optical Absorbance Method
Authors: Kim Chihoon , Eom Joo , Jung Soyoun , Ji Taeksoo
Published: January 2016

This paper proposes an optical method which allows determination of the organic compound concentration in water by measurement of the UV (ultraviolet) absorption at a wavelength of 250 nm~300 nm. The UV absorbance was analyzed by means of a multiple linear regression model for estimation of the total organic carbon contents in water, which showed a close correlation with the UV absorbance, demonstrating a high adjusted coefficient of determination, 0.997. The comparison of the TOC (total organic carbon) concentrations for real samples (tab water, sea, and river) calculated from the UV absorbance spectra, and those measured by a conventional TOC analyzer indicates that the higher the TOC value the better the agreement. This UV absorbance method can be easily configured for real-time monitoring water pollution, and built into a compact system applicable to industry areas.
VIKOR Technique: A Systematic Review of the State of the Art Literature on Methodologies and Applications
Authors: Mardani Abbas , Zavadskas Edmundas , Govindan Kannan , Amat Senin Aslan , Jusoh Ahmad
Published: January 2016

The main objective of this paper is to present a systematic review of the VlseKriterijuska Optimizacija I Komoromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method in several application areas such as sustainability and renewable energy. This study reviewed a total of 176 papers, published in 2004 to 2015, from 83 high-ranking journals; most of which were related to Operational Research, Management Sciences, decision making, sustainability and renewable energy and were extracted from the “Web of Science and Scopus” databases. Papers were classified into 15 main application areas. Furthermore, papers were categorized based on the nationalities of authors, dates of publications, techniques and methods, type of studies, the names of the journals and studies purposes. The results of this study indicated that more papers on VIKOR technique were published in 2013 than in any other year. In addition, 13 papers were published about sustainability and renewable energy fields. Furthermore, VIKOR and fuzzy VIKOR methods, had the first rank in use. Additionally, the Journal of Expert Systems with Applications was the most significant journal in this study, with 27 publications on the topic. Finally, Taiwan had the first rank from 22 nationalities which used VIKOR technique.
Canine Histiocytic Malignancies—Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Kennedy Katherine , Thomas Rachael , Breen Matthew
Published: January 2016

Canine histiocytic malignancies (HM) are aggressive tumors that occur with particularly high frequency in certain breeds including Bernese mountain dogs and flat-coated retrievers. Robust diagnosis of HM commonly utilizes immunohistochemical stains that are broadly ineffective on formalin-fixed tissues; thus the diagnosis is often one of exclusion. Clinical outcomes are generally poor, with frequent metastasis and therapeutic failure lowering overall survival at time of diagnosis to an average of less than two months in the majority of published work. The limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HM has hindered the development of more effective diagnostic modalities and the identification of therapeutic targets. A potential avenue exists for advancing clinical management of canine cancers through extrapolation from a close counterpart in human medicine. Historically, HM have been compared to the rare and understudied subset of human cancers involving the dendritic lineage, such as dendritic cell sarcoma or Langerhans cell sarcoma. Recent data have now thrown into question the cellular origin of HM, suggesting that the disease may originate from the macrophage lineage. This review summarizes existing knowledge of HM from the clinical, histologic and molecular perspectives, and highlights avenues for future research that may aid the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In turn, a more advanced appreciation of the mechanisms underlying HM should clarify their cellular origin and identify appropriate opportunities for synergistic extrapolation between related canine and human cancers.
Quantifying Rainfall Interception Loss of a Subtropical Broadleaved Forest in Central Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yi-Ying , Li Ming-Hsu
Published: January 2016

The factors controlling seasonal rainfall interception loss are investigated by using a double-mass curve analysis, based on direct measurements of high-temporal resolution gross rainfall, throughfall and stemflow from 43 rainfall events that occurred in central Taiwan from April 2008 to April 2009. The canopy water storage capacity for the wet season was estimated to be 1.86 mm, about twice that for the dry season (0.91 mm), likely due to the large reduction in the leaf area index (LAI) from 4.63 to 2.23 (m2·m−2). Changes in seasonal canopy structure and micro-meteorological conditions resulted in temporal variations in the amount of interception components, and rainfall partitioning into stemflow and throughfall. Wet canopy evaporation after rainfall contributed 41.8% of the wet season interception loss, but only 17.1% of the dry season interception loss. Wet canopy evaporation during rainfall accounted for 82.9% of the dry season interception loss, but only 58.2% of the wet season interception loss. Throughfall accounted for over 79.7% of the dry season precipitation and 76.1% of the wet season precipitation, possibly due to the change in gap fraction from 64.2% in the dry season to 50.0% in the wet season. The reduced canopy cover in the dry season also produced less stemflow than that of the wet season. The rainfall stemflow ratio ( P s f / P g ) was reduced from 12.6% to 8.9%. Despite relatively large changes in canopy structure, seasonal variation of the ratio of rainfall partitioned to interception was quite small. Rainfall interception loss accounted for nearly 12% of gross precipitation for both dry and wet seasons.
ON THE CONNECTION BETWEEN MICROBURSTS AND NONLINEAR ELECTRONIC STRUCTURES IN PLANETARY RADIATION BELTS
Authors: Osmane Adnane , III Lynn B. Wilson , Blum Lauren , Pulkkinen Tuija I.
Published: January 2016

Using a dynamical-system approach, we have investigated the efficiency of large-amplitude whistler waves for causing microburst precipitation in planetary radiation belts by modeling the microburst energy and particle fluxes produced as a result of nonlinear wave–particle interactions. We show that wave parameters, consistent with large-amplitude oblique whistlers, can commonly generate microbursts of electrons with hundreds of keV-energies as a result of Landau trapping. Relativistic microbursts (>1 MeV) can also be generated by a similar mechanism, but require waves with large propagation angles

and phase-speeds

. Using our result for precipitating density and energy fluxes, we argue that holes in the distribution function of electrons near the magnetic mirror point can result in the generation of double layers and electron solitary holes consistent in scales (of the order of Debye lengths) to nonlinear structures observed in the radiation belts by the Van Allen Probes. Our results indicate a relationship between nonlinear electrostatic and electromagnetic structures in the dynamics of planetary radiation belts and their role in the cyclical production of energetic electrons (

keV) on kinetic timescales, which is much faster than previously inferred.
ERRATIC FLARING OF BL LAC IN 2012–2013: MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Wehrle Ann E. , Grupe Dirk , Jorstad Svetlana G. , Marscher Alan P. , Gurwell Mark , Baloković Mislav , Hovatta Talvikki , Madejski Grzegorz M. , Harrison Fiona H. , Stern Daniel
Published: January 2016

BL Lac, the eponymous blazar, flared to historically high levels at millimeter, infrared, X-ray, and gamma-ray wavelengths in 2012. We present observations made with Herschel, Swift, NuSTAR, Fermi, the Submillimeter Array, CARMA, and the VLBA in 2012–2013, including three months with nearly daily sampling at several wavebands. We have also conducted an intensive campaign of 30 hr with every-orbit observations by Swift and NuSTAR, accompanied by Herschel, and Fermi observations. The source was highly variable at all bands. Time lags, correlations between bands, and the changing shapes of the spectral energy distributions can be explained by synchrotron radiation and inverse Compton emission from nonthermal seed photons originating from within the jet. The passage of four new superluminal very long baseline interferometry knots through the core and two stationary knots about 4 pc downstream accompanied the high flaring in 2012–2013. The seed photons for inverse Compton scattering may arise from the stationary knots and from a Mach disk near the core where relatively slow-moving plasma generates intense nonthermal radiation. The 95 spectral energy distributions obtained on consecutive days form the most densely sampled, broad wavelength coverage for any blazar. The observed spectral energy distributions and multi-waveband light curves are similar to simulated spectral energy distributions and light curves generated with a model in which turbulent plasma crosses a conical shock with a Mach disk.
THE CONVERGENCE OF PARTICLE-IN-CELL SCHEMES FOR COSMOLOGICAL DARK MATTER SIMULATIONS
Authors: Myers Andrew , Colella Phillip , Van Straalen Brian
Published: January 2016

Particle methods are a ubiquitous tool for solving the Vlasov–Poisson equation in comoving coordinates, which is used to model the gravitational evolution of dark matter (DM) in an expanding universe. However, these methods are known to produce poor results on idealized test problems, particularly at late times, after the particle trajectories have crossed. To investigate this, we have performed a series of one- and two-dimensional “Zel’dovich pancake” calculations using the popular particle-in-cell (PIC) method. We find that PIC can indeed converge on these problems provided that the following modifications are made. The first modification is to regularize the singular initial distribution function by introducing a small but finite artificial velocity dispersion. This process is analogous to artificial viscosity in compressible gas dynamics, and, as with artificial viscosity, the amount of regularization can be tailored so that its effect outside of a well-defined region—in this case, the high-density caustics—is small. The second modification is the introduction of a particle remapping procedure that periodically reexpresses the DM distribution function using a new set of particles. We describe a remapping algorithm that is third-order accurate and adaptive in phase space. This procedure prevents the accumulation of numerical errors in integrating the particle trajectories from growing large enough to significantly degrade the solution. Once both of these changes are made, PIC converges at second order on the Zel’dovich pancake problem, even at late times, after many caustics have formed. Furthermore, the resulting scheme does not suffer from the unphysical, small-scale “clumping” phenomenon known to occur on the pancake problem when the perturbation wavevector is not aligned with one of the Cartesian coordinate axes.
SPECTRAL AND TEMPORAL PROPERTIES OF THE ULTRA-LUMINOUS X-RAY PULSAR IN M82 FROM 15 YEARS OF CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS AND ANALYSIS OF THE PULSED EMISSION USING NuSTAR
Authors: Brightman Murray , Harrison Fiona , Walton Dominic J. , Fuerst Felix , Hornschemeier Ann , Zezas Andreas , Bachetti Matteo , Grefenstette Brian , Ptak Andrew , Tendulkar Shriharsh , Yukita Mihoko
Published: January 2016

The recent discovery by Bachetti et al. of a pulsar in M82 that can reach luminosities of up to 1040 erg s−1, a factor of ∼100 times the Eddington luminosity for a 1.4 M
⊙ compact object, poses a challenge for accretion physics. In order to better understand the nature of this source and its duty cycle, and in light of several physical models that have been subsequently published, we conduct a spectral and temporal analysis of the 0.5–8 keV X-ray emission from this source from 15 years of Chandra observations. We analyze 19 ACIS observations where the point-spread function (PSF) of the pulsar is not contaminated by nearby sources. We fit the Chandra spectra of the pulsar with a power-law model and a disk blackbody model, subjected to interstellar absorption in M82. We carefully assess for the effect of pile-up in our observations, where four observations have a pile-up fraction of >10%, which we account for during spectral modeling with a convolution model. When fitted with a power-law model, the average photon index when the source is at high luminosity (L
X > 1039 erg s−1) is Γ = 1.33 ± 0.15. For the disk blackbody model, the average temperature is T
in = 3.24 ± 0.65 keV, the spectral shape being consistent with other luminous X-ray pulsars. We also investigated the inclusion of a soft excess component and spectral break, finding that the spectra are also consistent with these features common to luminous X-ray pulsars. In addition, we present spectral analysis from NuSTAR over the 3–50 keV range where we have isolated the pulsed component. We find that the pulsed emission in this band is best fit by a power-law with a high-energy cutoff, where Γ = 0.6 ± 0.3 and

keV. While the pulsar has previously been identified as a transient, we find from our longer-baseline study that it has been remarkably active over the 15-year period, where for 9/19 (47%) observations that we analyzed, the pulsar appears to be emitting at a luminosity in excess of 1039 erg s−1, greater than 10 times its Eddington limit.
JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE CAN DETECT KILONOVAE IN GRAVITATIONAL WAVE FOLLOW-UP SEARCH
Authors: Bartos I. , Huard T. L. , Márka S.
Published: January 2016

Kilonovae represent an important electromagnetic counterpart for compact binary mergers, which could become the most commonly detected gravitational-wave (GW) source. Follow-up observations of kilonovae, triggered by GW events, are nevertheless difficult due to poor localization by GW detectors and due to their faint near-infrared peak emission, which has limited observational capability. We show that the Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) on the James Webb Space Telescope will be able to detect kilonovae within the relevant GW-detection range of ∼200 Mpc in short (≲12-s) exposure times for a week following the merger. Despite this sensitivity, a kilonova search fully covering a fiducial localized area of 10 deg2 will not be viable with NIRCam due to its limited field of view. However, targeted surveys may be developed to optimize the likelihood of discovering kilonovae efficiently within limited observing time. We estimate that a survey of 10 deg2 focused on galaxies within 200 Mpc would require about 13 hr, dominated by overhead times; a survey further focused on galaxies exhibiting high star formation rates would require ∼5 hr. The characteristic time may be reduced to as little as ∼4 hr, without compromising the likelihood of detecting kilonovae, by surveying sky areas associated with 50%, rather than 90%, confidence regions of 3 GW events, rather than a single event. Upon the detection and identification of a kilonova, a limited number of NIRCam follow-up observations could constrain the properties of matter ejected by the binary and the equation of state of dense nuclear matter.
A STUDY OF RADIO POLARIZATION IN PROTOSTELLAR JETS
Authors: Cécere Mariana , Velázquez Pablo F. , Araudo Anabella T. , De Colle Fabio , Esquivel Alejandro , Carrasco-González Carlos , Rodríguez Luis F.
Published: January 2016

Synchrotron radiation is commonly observed in connection with shocks of different velocities, ranging from relativistic shocks associated with active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray bursts, or microquasars, to weakly or non-relativistic flows such as those observed in supernova remnants. Recent observations of synchrotron emission in protostellar jets are important not only because they extend the range over which the acceleration process works, but also because they allow us to determine the jet and/or interstellar magnetic field structure, thus giving insights into the jet ejection and collimation mechanisms. In this paper, we compute for the first time polarized (synchrotron) and non-polarized (thermal X-ray) synthetic emission maps from axisymmetrical simulations of magnetized protostellar jets. We consider models with different jet velocities and variability, as well as a toroidal or helical magnetic field. Our simulations show that variable, low-density jets with velocities of ∼1000 km s−1 and ∼10 times lighter than the environment can produce internal knots with significant synchrotron emission and thermal X-rays in the shocked region of the leading bow shock moving in a dense medium. While models with a purely toroidal magnetic field show a very large degree of polarization, models with a helical magnetic field show lower values and a decrease of the degree of polarization, in agreement with observations of protostellar jets.
Tenofovir/Emtricitabine Metabolites and Endogenous Nucleotide Exposures are associated with p16INK4a Expression in Subjects on Combination Therapy
Authors: Dumond Julie B , Francis Owen , Cottrell Mackenzie , Trezza Christine , Prince Heather MA , Mollan Katie , Sykes Craig , Torrice Chad , White Nicole , Malone Stephanie , Wang Ruili , Van Dam Cornelius , Patterson Kristine B , Hudgens Michael G , Sharpless Norman E , Forrest Alan
Published: January 2016

Background

HIV may amplify immunological, physiological and functional changes of ageing. We determined associations of frailty phenotype, a T-cell senescence marker (p16INK4a expression), age and demographics with exposures of the intracellular metabolites (IM) and endogenous nucleotides (EN) of tenofovir/emtricitabine (TFV/FTC), efavirenz (EFV), atazanavir (ATV) and ritonavir (RTV).

Methods

Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples for drug, IM and EN concentrations were collected at four time points in HIV+ adults receiving TFV/FTC with EFV or ATV/RTV. Subjects underwent frailty phenotyping and p16INK4a expression analysis. Non-compartmental analysis generated an area under the curve (AUC) for each analyte. Spearman rank correlation and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to assess associations between AUC, demographics and ageing markers, adjusting for multiple comparisons with the Holm procedure.

Results

Subjects ( n=79) ranged in age from 22–73 years (median 48 years); 48 were African-American, 24 were female, 54 received EFV. Three subjects (range 51–60 years) demonstrated frailty, with 17 subjects (range 26–60 years) demonstrating pre-frailty. Negative associations were observed between p16INK4a expression and each of FTC-triphosphate (r=-0.45), deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP; r=-0.47) and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP; r=-0.57) AUCs ( P-values ≤0.02). TFV and FTC AUCs were larger among subjects with lower renal function or higher chronological age ( P-values ≤0.05). No associations were observed for EFV, ATV or RTV AUCs.

Conclusions

Associations of IM/EN exposure and p16INK4a expression observed here suggest that senescence may alter drug phosphorylation, metabolism or transport. This finding warrants further mechanistic study to ensure optimal treatment in the ageing HIV+ population. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01180075.
L’insertion professionnelle des diplômés de l’enseignement supérieur Culture
Authors: Darras Anne
Published: January 2016

L’enseignement supérieur relevant du ministère de la Culture et de la Communication compte une centaine d’établissements dispensant des formations dans les domaines de l’architecture, de l’art, du spectacle, du patrimoine et du cinéma. Ces établissements supérieurs délivrent 44 diplômes de fin de cycle. Parmi les 5 500 étudiants sortants qui ont obtenu l’un de ces diplômes en 2011, l’enquête concerne ceux qui sont entrés dans la vie active. En 2014, trois ans après leur entrée sur le marché du travail, ils sont 86 % à travailler et huit diplômés sur dix exercent une activité dans le champ de leur diplôme. Le taux d’insertion diffère toutefois selon les filières : si 94 % des diplômés du spectacle sont actifs, ils sont 85 % dans le secteur de l’architecture et 82 % pour les diplômés des arts plastiques. De même, les conditions d’emploi ne sont pas identiques selon les filières. Trois ans après l’obtention de leur diplôme, les jeunes architectes exercent des emplois stables (71 % des actifs sont salariés), bien rémunérés (en moyenne 23 900 euros net annuels en 2014) et centrés sur leur cœur de métier. Les diplômés des arts plastiques, en revanche, ont des formes d’emploi plus précaires. Ils sont un sur deux à être salarié dont près de la moitié (46 %) sous contrat à durée déterminée. Les diplômés de la filière design et graphisme, les mieux rémunérés, perçoivent en moyenne 20 000 euros annuels nets en 2014, tandis que les diplômés en option art déclarent des revenus beaucoup plus faibles (12 000 euros annuels en moyenne). Dans le spectacle vivant, les conditions d’emploi varient d’une discipline à l’autre : si les diplômés de la filière musicale sont très majoritairement salariés du secteur public (69 %) et ne comptent que 16 % de bénéficiaires du régime de l’intermittence, ils sont 88 % à bénéficier de ce régime spécifique de protection sociale parmi les diplômés des arts du théâtre, du cirque et des marionnettes. Dans la filière du spectacle, les rémunérations moyennes sont plus faibles (17 200 euros nets annuels). Enfin, quelles que soient la filière de formation et l’activité exercée trois ans après l’obtention du diplôme, les diplômés de l’enseignement supérieur Culture sont 86 % à s’épanouir dans leur activité professionnelle.
Restructurations, gestion de l’emploi et droit du travail : analyse institutionnelle et statistique
Authors: Signoretto Camille
Published: January 2016

La connaissance statistique sur les restructurations et leur mise en œuvre reste complexe. Pour les appréhender, le présent article propose une analyse institutionnelle et statistique des pratiques des entreprises en matière de gestion des salariés impliqués dans des restructurations accompagnées de suppressions d’emplois. Il montre que les employeurs se saisissent d’une multitude de modes juridiques de rupture, au-delà du seul licenciement pour motif économique. Ces types de départs se sont développés progressivement depuis les années 1960, d’abord sous l’impulsion principale des pouvoirs publics. Ils intègrent de plus en plus une forme juridique d’adhésion du salarié à la rupture de son contrat de travail et principalement à ses modalités d’accompagnement. Cela tend finalement à « pacifier » les restructurations, dans la mesure où la contestation sociale et judiciaire autour d’elles peut être atténuée.
Modes d’ajustement par le travail en temps de crise : des relations professionnelles sous tension
Authors: Perez Coralie , Thévenot Nadine , Berta Nathalie , Brochard Delphine , Delahaie Noélie , Jallais Sophie , Perraudin Corinne , Sauviat Catherine , Valentin Julie
Published: January 2016

Cet article a pour objet de mettre au jour les processus d’ajustement des établissements face à la crise, les caractériser et, conjointement, analyser la manière dont ils ont été discutés, négociés ou au contraire imposés par les directions. Sur le plan méthodologique, il s’appuie sur 15 monographies d’établissements réalisées dans le cadre des post-enquêtes à l’enquête Relations professionnelles et négociations d’entreprises (REPONSE) 2010-2011. Il montre que les établissements ne subissent pas une crise mais des crises : la dégradation de la conjoncture économique n’est pas la seule cause aux ajustements observés, même si elle peut servir de justification. Il rend également compte de la pluralité des ajustements, de leur séquençage et de leur polarisation. Entre négociation défensive et concession, la crise apparaît comme un contexte propice à imposer des compromis aux salariés.
Dialoguer plus, mais sur quoi ? Les régulations d’entreprise en matière d’emploi, de formation et de conditions de travail en temps de crise
Authors: Béthoux Élodie , Mias Arnaud , Blache Guillaume , Dupuy Camille , Jobert Annette , Renoux Jean-Louis , Spieser Catherine , Tallard Michèle , Vincent Catherine
Published: January 2016

À partir des données des enquêtes « Relations professionnelles et négociations d’entreprise » (REPONSE) 2004-2005 et 2010-2011 et d’enquêtes monographiques réalisées dans quinze établissements français aux relations sociales contrastées, cet article part du constat, à première vue paradoxal dans un contexte de crise, d’une intensification du dialogue social au niveau de l’entreprise. Interrogeant le sens et la portée de cette intensification, en partie liée aux développements de la « négociation administrée », il analyse les recompositions actuelles des régulations de la relation d’emploi. Nous montrons ainsi comment la difficulté accrue à mettre en débat les questions d’emploi observée face à la crise conduit à un repositionnement partiel et à un investissement croissant autour des enjeux de conditions de travail, qui contraste avec une implication routinière mais rarement stratégique sur la formation.
Impacto de la crisis en el mercado de eurobonos: ‘rating’ y nuevos emisores asiáticos
Authors: Guaita Martínez José Manuel , Martí Selva María Luisa , Puertas Medina Rosa
Published: January 2016

The financial crisis has led to significant changes in the international financial situation. Specifically, in the Eurobond market were decisive consequences on the behavior of investors and issuers. In this recessionary environment, the paper aims to analyze its impact on the Eurobond market, trying to clarify the role played by rating agencies in this web of risk. Also, add the increasingly important position of Asian countries, materialized in significant increases Eurobonds issued in yuan. Chinese entities, at the head of the relay, are beginning to replace European and American.
In-Patient Trends and Complications After Total Ankle Arthroplasty in the United States
Authors: Zhou Hanbing , Yakavonis Mark , Shaw Joshua J. , Patel Abhay , Li Xinning
Published: January 2016

The number of total ankle arthroplasties (TAAs) performed annually in the United States has increased. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in-patient demographics, complications, and readmission rates of patients after TAA at academic medical centers in the United States. The University HealthSystems Consortium administrative database was searched for patients who underwent TAA in 2007 to 2011. A descriptive analysis of demographics was performed, followed by a similar analysis of clinical benchmarks, including hospital length of stay, hospital direct cost, in-hospital mortality, and 30-day readmission rates. The study included 2340 adult patients with a mean age of 62 years (47% men and 53% women) who underwent TAA. The majority of patients were Caucasian (2073; 88.5%). Average hospital length of stay was 2.2±1.26 days. Average total direct cost for the hospital was $16,212±7000 per case, with 49.7% of patients having private insurance. In-hospital mortality was less than 1%, and overall complications were 1.4%. Complications after discharge included deep venous thrombosis (2.3%), reoperation (0.7%), and infection (3.2%). A readmission rate of 2.7% within the first 30 days from the time of discharge occurred. Total ankle arthroplasty in the United States is a relatively safe procedure with low overall complication rates. Patients who are male, have a history of community-acquired pneumonia, and have a larger number of preoperative comorbidities had a significant increased risk of developing 1 complication within 30 days of surgery. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(1):e74–e79.]
Outcomes of Varus Valgus Constrained Versus Rotating-Hinge Implants in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Malcolm Tennison L. , Bederman S. Samuel , Schwarzkopf Ran
Published: January 2016

The stability of a total knee arthroplasty is determined by the ability of the prosthesis components in concert with supportive bone and soft tissue structures to sufficiently resist deforming forces transmitted across the knee joint. Constrained prostheses are used in unstable knees due to their ability to resist varus and valgus transformative forces across the knee. Constraint requires inherent rigidity, which can facilitate early implant failure. The purpose of this study was to describe the comparative indications for surgery and postoperative outcomes of varus valgus constrained knee (VVK) and rotating-hinge knee (RHK) total knee arthroplasty prostheses. Seven retrospective observational studies describing 544 VVK and 254 RHK patients with an average follow-up of 66 months (range, 7–197 months) were evaluated. Patients in both groups experienced similar failure rates (
P
=.74), ranges of motion (
P
=.81), and Knee Society function scores (
P
=.29). Average Knee Society knee scores were 4.2 points higher in VVK patients compared with RHK patients, indicating minimal mid-term clinical differences may exist (
P
<.0001). Absent collateral ligament support is an almost universal indication for RHK implantation vs VVK. Constrained device implantation is routinely guided by inherent stability of the knee, and, when performed, similar postoperative outcomes can be achieved with VVK and RHK prostheses. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(1):e140–e148.]
Architecture of Software for Biomimetic Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
Authors: Praczyk Tomasz
Published: January 2016

Autonomous underwater vehicles are vehicles that are entirely or partly independent of human decisions. In order to obtain operational independence, the vehicles have to be equipped with a specialized software. The main task of the software is to move the vehicle along a trajectory with collision avoidance. Moreover, the software has also to manage different devices installed on the vehicle board, e.g. to start and stop cameras, sonars etc. In addition to the software embedded on the vehicle board, the software responsible for managing the vehicle on the operator level is also necessary. Its task is to define mission of the vehicle, to start, stop the mission, to send emergency commands, to monitor vehicle parameters, and to control the vehicle in remotely operated mode.The paper presents architecture of the software designed for biomimetic autonomous underwater vehicle (BAUV) that is being constructed within the framework of the scientific project financed by Polish National Center of Research and Development.
Effect of Fuel Pilot Dose Parameters on Efficiency of Dual-Fuel Compression Ignition Engines Fuelled with Biogas
Authors: Wierzbicki Sławomir , Śmieja Michał , Mikulski Maciej
Published: January 2016

Increasing the share of renewable electrical energy in the overall energy balance is one of the major challenges of humanity. It is primarily connected with global warming and increasing environmental pollution. One of the ways to counteract this problem is to promote the importance of renewable fuels, including gaseous fuels which are relatively low in carbon.This paper presents the effects of selected parameters of a pilot dose of diesel fuel on the efficiency of a dual-fuel compression ignition engine. The dose of gaseous fuel powering the engine was a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide in varying proportions.
Rationalisation of the Operation Process of Power Supply Systems of Highway Telematics
Authors: Rosiński Adam
Published: January 2016

The paper presents the issues related to the operation of the operation process of the power supply system of highway telematics. A relationships graph was presented in the considered system, and the Kolmogorov-Chapman system of equations was derived to describe it. Drawing on those equations, relationships for calculating probability of the power supply system staying in state of complete usability SPZ, state of the impendency over safety SZB as well as the state of unreliability of safety SB were derived. Next, this enabled rationalisation of the operation process of the analysed systems.
Fuel System Contamination Affecting Injection Equipment of Diesel Engines
Authors: Bejger Artur , Gawdzińska Katarzyna
Published: January 2016

This article describes selected contaminants of the fuel system which substantially affect the operation of fuel injection equipment of self-ignition engines. The authors present a simple method of identifying biological contaminants (bacteria and fungi), which can be used with no need for laboratory tests during a vessel’s voyage at sea.
The Reliability and Operation Analysis of the Landing Support System
Authors: Siergiejczyk Mirosław , Krzykowska Karolina , Rosiński Adam
Published: January 2016

This article presented the issues concerning the landing support systems of the aircraft. Their functioning may be supported, among others, in case of satellite systems, by the EGNOS system. The structures were characterised and the operation of these systems was described. Then, the reliability and operation analysis of the landing support systems of the aircraft was conducted. As a result, the relationships, which allow to determine values of probabilities of considered systems' staying in the distinguished states, were obtained.
Wideband Radio Direction Finder Implemented in Software Defined Radio Technology
Authors: Cwalina Krzysztof , Rajchowski Piotr , Sadowski Jarosław
Published: January 2016

In the paper a wideband radio direction finder (RDF) implemented in software defined radio (SDR) technology and the results of hardware layer research, including developed antenna switching unit (ASU), are presented. The results of tests of the devices, which are the part of the software defined radio platform (SDRP), and antenna switching unit, confirmed the possibility of using selected components in the final solution.
Diagnostic Model of the Marine Propulsion System
Authors: Kluczyk Marcin , Grządziela Andrzej , Batur Tomislav
Published: January 2016

Naval propulsion systems are characterized by a high degree of complexity within a single system and a large variation between the solutions applied to individual vessels. In this situation, issues relating to the comprehensive diagnostic is a serious problem. Diagnostics models are useful to made the this problem easier. It should be emphasized that it is impossible to develop a universal model correct for all types of vessels. The paper presents general guidelines for the creation of diagnostic models. The results of first stage of studies on diagnostic model covers unit equipped with a twin-engine twin-shaft drive system had been presented.Introduction Changes of technical state of the machine occur as a result of its response to changes in the energy emitted by them. If qualitative and quantitative parameters of this energy are known diagnostician after proper analysis is able to determine the technical condition of the machine. It can be concluded that the technical diagnostics is a test of object response to the impact of energy causing change of its technical condition [9]. As far as the destruction of the object model is concerned we find that the degree of wear of the machine is proportional to the energy dissipated from it.
Numerical Modeling of a Static Cavitation Module
Authors: Vitenko Tatiana , Droździel Paweł , Horodysky Nazar
Published: January 2016

This paper presents the results of numerical modelling of cavitation flows in a hydrodynamic module. The simulation was performed using the SolidWorks software package. The computations were made based on the Navier-Stokes equation combined with liquid state equations and empirical dependencies which define liquid parameters. The numerical results are in good agreement with experimental data.
A Concept for Application of a Stereo Vision Method in Control System of an Underwater Vehicle
Authors: Żak Bogdan , Hożyń Stanisław
Published: January 2016

The aim of this research was to describe a concept for application of a stereo vision method in control system of an underwater vehicle. We have focused on a stereo vision method and a motion parameters determination. Our results show that usage of stereo vision rig in a control system may facilitate underwater inspections in the close distance to the investigated object. The future work will focus on the implementation of the proposed method.
Design and Model Analysis of Pulse Generator in Electrical Discharge Machines (EDM) System Using in the Laplace Transform
Authors: Karimi Pour Fatemeh , Yahya Azli , Bavandi Mahrokh , Tavakkoli Ronia , Dehghani Dana
Published: January 2016

One of the latest non-traditional machining processes and controlled process is presented as Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) that the pulsed electrical discharge is used to erode metal in a work piece. The voltage pulse discharge occurs when EDM pulsed power generator is applied on a workpiece. The discharge happens in a small gap between the work piece and the electrode. The important function of EDM is to obtain the output waveform parallel with the ideal EDM waveform. Additionally, the EDM design is according to the transistor kind pulse power generator circuit. The present paper seeks to discuss on the current modeling and voltage gap waveform intended for the system in EDM process. Based on the derived equation, the simulation is done using electrical model in Matlab Simulink software and circuit analysis in Lapels transform in EDM process.
Design and Thermodynamic Study of a Novel Two-Sleeve Rotary Compressor
Authors: Alduqri Y.A. , Musa Md Nor , Ahmad Z.A.B.
Published: January 2016

This paper introduces a novel two-sleeve rotary compressor (TSRC) concept. The compressor mechanism is basically that of a rotary motion whereby the novelty lies in the usage of two rotating sleeves and a secured vane that has one end fixed to an outer sleeve and the other end to a rotor, respectively. The paper introduces the working principle and thermodynamic model of the TSRC compressor. The swept volume, the delivered pressure, the work and the power of the TSRC are formulated and analyzed. The compressor configuration and thermodynamic analysis are based on the 174 cm3.rev-1 swept volume with R134a as the compressed gas. The thermodynamic analysis reveals that the TSRC will perform well as refrigerant compressor and can be reliably adopted for refrigeration and air-conditioning applications.
Cyclic Steam Stimulation Effect on Skin Factor Reviewed Case Study
Authors: Sulaiman Wan Rosli Wan , Hashim Azza
Published: January 2016

High oil viscosity is a major concern for recovery from heavy oil reservoir. Introducing heat to the formation has proven to be an effective way to improve mobility. The Heat transfer to the oil and reservoir rock is good for thermal recovery. The thermal recovery involves a well-known technique of cyclic steam stimulation which actually effect the nearby well area. Heavy oil reservoir which uses the thermal technique will experience the change of property. Fula North East (FNE) Sudanese field is located in the north-eastern part of Fula sub-basin. According to the development program of FNE, Bentiu layer (of Bentiu group) is the targeted reservoir where the pressure gradient is 285.65 psi/100m, perforation intervals is 540-533 m, and the average oil production rate of single well by applying the cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) is 236 bbl/d. For well- Q, (one of the hot wells) to void the bottom water the average production rate is 191 bbl/d. A minor change is observed in the key properties of the well when the skin affect is varied.
Laminar and Turbulent Natural Convection Simulation with Radiation in Enclosure
Authors: Hasanen M. Hussen , Akeiber Hussein J.
Published: January 2016

Several features of heat transfer on enclosing surfaces are discussed including temperature distributions in a room heated by a floor heater. Numerical analyses on radiative and convective heat transfer were carried out against several partial floor heating. Partial floor heating produces different types of temperature distribution between the heated and non-heated places, which is a remarkable characteristics found out in this study. In the heated places, the temperature distribution is almost the same as that of typical floor heating. However, in the non-heated places, air temperature differs by 6 °C (3.6 °Difference) between a point near the floor surface and a point well above that. Heating efficiency of partial heating slightly depends on the set place as well as its Area. Moreover, convective heat exchange constitutes approximately half of the total heat exchange
Performance of PI Controller Based Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Power Quality Improvement
Authors: Kakar Faridullah , bin Mohd Zin Abdullah Asuhaimi , bin Habibuddin Mohd Hafiz
Published: January 2016

Voltage sag and harmonics are the most frequent power quality problems faced by industrial and commercial customers today. Situation has been aggravated by modern sensitive industrial equipments which introduce system harmonics due to their inherent V-I characteristics. In this paper, proportional integral (PI) control technique based dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is implemented in power distribution system to suppress voltage sag and harmonics under linear, non-linear and induction motor load conditions. Real-time power distribution system and DVR test models are built in Matlab/Simulink software. Simulation results exhibit excellent PI control approach with effective performance yielding excellent voltage regulation.
Study on the Cutting Force and Machined Surface Quality of Milling AFRP
Authors: Liu Si Qi , Chen Yan , Fu Yu Can , Hu An Dong
Published: January 2016

AFRP(Aramid Fiber Reinforced Plastics) is widely used in the aerospace and automotive while there are many problems in machining AFRP such as furry, delamination, burns and so on. Milling experiments of AFRP have been conducted to study the influence of different helix angle (0°, 30°, 60°) and cutting tools (traditional end mill, multiple flute end mill and compression end mill) on cutting force and machined surface quality. The results indicated that the cutting force has been reduced and the surface quality has been improved with the increase of helix angle. The cutting tool structure can make greater influence on machined surface quality than the cutting parameters. A cutting tool with the structure of multiple flute or herringbone cutting edge could reduce the axial cutting force. However the cutting force is too small to cut off fibers when using a multiple flute end mill. A good processing surface can be achieved while cutting with a compression end mill or a tool with big helix angle.
Cutting Temperature and Cutting Forces Investigation Based on the Taguchi Design Method when High-Speed Milling of Titanium Matrix Composites with PCD Tool
Authors: Ge Ying Fei , Huan Hai Xiang , Xu Jiu Hua
Published: January 2016

High-speed milling tests were performed on vol. (5%-8%) TiCp/TC4 composite in the speed range of 50-250 m/min using PCD tools to nvestigate the cutting temperature and the cutting forces. The results showed that radial depth of cut and cutting speed were the two significant influences that affected the cutting forces based on the Taguchi prediction. Increasing radial depth of cut and feed rate will increase the cutting force while increasing cutting speed will decrease the cutting force. Cutting force increased less than 5% when the reinforcement volume fraction in the composites increased from 0% to 8%. Radial depth of cut was the only significant influence factor on the cutting temperature. Cutting temperature increased with the increasing radial depth of cut, feed rate or cutting speed. The cutting temperature for the titanium composites was 40-90 °C higher than that for the TC4 matrix. However, the cutting temperature decreased by 4% when the reinforcement's volume fraction increased from 5% to 8%.