bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous lymphomas in African American/Black patients: pitfalls and presentations
Authors: Flaum‐Dunoyer Pauline , Noor Sarah J. , Myskowski Patricia L.
Published: August 2022

This review describes and highlights differences in clinical presentations of cutaneous lymphomas (CLs), particularly in darker skin types, i.e., Skin of Color (SOC). We illustrate differences in clinical features on physical exam that can be a diagnostic challenge and suggest ways to recognize and identify these conditions at an early stage through a high level of suspicion. The review includes a summary of the epidemiology of various CLs, specifically highlighting the presentation and incidence in African American/Black patients, where the data are available. We also include a discussion of adult HTLV‐1‐associated T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) which, although a systemic T‐cell lymphoma, may present with skin manifestations and mimic MF, other CTCL subtypes, or other inflammatory dermatoses. Finally, this review highlights the possible use of imaging modalities, such as dermoscopy and reflectance‐confocal microscopy, in diagnosing and recognizing cutaneous lymphomas in patients with darker skin types.
Discrimination meets interculturalism in theory, policy and practice
Authors: Hellgren Zenia , Zapata‐Barrero Ricard
Published: August 2022

Discrimination of immigrants and racialized minorities as the Roma is increasing in Europe and elsewhere in the world. Different policy approaches to diversity management tackle this issue differently, both in terms of recognizing ethnic discrimination as a key obstacle to integration and in terms of defining the ideal forms of conviviality in superdiverse societies. In this special issue, we focus on interculturalism as a policy approach to diversity management that is applied mainly at the city level in numerous countries. It is expected to foster social cohesion and counteract racism and discrimination of immigrants and ethnic minorities, which makes anti‐discrimination a central part of its DNA. However, policies and measures to efficiently address ethnic/racial discrimination and the inequalities it produces have not been salient within the intercultural framework. This article, which defines the conceptual framework of the special issue, focuses on the ways in which discrimination and interculturalism are closely linked. We argue that discrimination is a central factor hindering the egalitarian forms of contact between people of diverse origins that are fundamental for the intercultural ideals of positive interethnic conviviality.
News reporting of suicide in nurses: A content analysis study
Authors: Groves Samantha , Hawley Monica , Lascelles Karen Moya , Hawton Keith
Published: August 2022

Media impact on suicide is well‐established. Groups at heightened risk of suicide, such as nurses, may be particularly influenced by poor news reporting. This study aimed to examine UK newspaper reporting of suicide of nurses and student nurses, including during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Print and online newspaper reports about suicide in nurses (including students) published in the UK between January 2018 and August 2021 were obtained and data extracted for analysis in collaboration with Samaritans' media advisory team. Content and quality of newspaper reports were examined using a content analysis approach. The study was compliant with the STROBE checklist. Nurse or student nurse suicides were reported in 134 articles, including 50 individual suicides. Most articles were acceptable against Samaritans' media guidelines. However, common problems included absence of signposting to support organizations and lack of suicide prevention messages. A minority of articles included methods of suicide within article headlines (18, 13.4%) and sensationalist or romanticizing language (14, 10.7%). Most contained occupation‐related content. Many named the individual's specific hospital or university and a substantial proportion included occupation‐related images. Working on the frontline was the most reported link between COVID‐19 and nurse suicide. While reporting on suicide among nurses and students was largely acceptable, quality of reporting was variable. Occupation was often discussed, and most articles published during COVID‐19 linked suicide to the pandemic. The research findings can help shape guidance on reporting of suicide in specific professions and occupations, including nursing, to encourage responsible reporting and reduce inadvertent promotion of suicide.
Lessons learned from clinical course design in the pandemic: Pedagogical implications from a qualitative analysis
Authors: Thirsk Lorraine M. , Stahlke Sarah , Bryan Venise , Dewart Georgia , Corcoran Lynn
Published: August 2022

Aims

The purpose of this study was to examine clinical pedagogy based on experiences of changes and adaptations to clinical courses that occurred in nursing education during the pandemic. Beyond learning how to manage nursing education during a pandemic or other crisis, we uncover the lessons to be learned for overall improvement of nursing education.

Design

Qualitative descriptive analysis using semi‐structured interview data with baccalaureate nursing students.

Methods

Data were collected in the spring of 2021 using semi‐structured interview with 15 participants. Transcribed text was analysed using thematic content analysis. The COREQ checklist was used to guide our reporting.

Results

Three themes were identified related to course design in clinical courses for nursing students: the role and limitations of simulation, competency evaluations and career implications. Students expressed some concern over not ‘finishing hours’, loss of in‐person clinical experiences and their reduced exposure to different clinical settings.

Conclusion

To prepare work‐ready nurses, educators need to keep in mind the trends, issues and demands of future healthcare systems. Simulation may have been a temporary measure to achieve clinical competence during the pandemic but needs to be of high‐quality and cannot meet all the expected learning outcomes of clinical courses. Exposure to different patients, families and communities will ensure that the future nursing workforce has experience, socialization, competence, and desire to work in various clinical settings. Competency evaluation similarly needs to be robust and objective and consider the role and perception of hours completed.

Patient or public contribution

No patient or public contribution. Participants were nursing students.
Adolescent sleep quality and quantity and educational attainment: a test of multiple mechanisms using sibling difference models
Authors: Kim Jinho , Park Gum‐Ryeong , Sutin Angelina R.
Published: August 2022

Objective

The objective of this study is to determine whether and how sleep quality and quantity during adolescence are related to educational attainment in adulthood. This study also investigates whether this relationship varies by gender.

Methods

Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, the present study employed a sibling fixed effect approach that takes into account unobserved family background factors such as genetics and social environments. Gender‐stratified analyses were conducted to consider the potential gendered relationship between adolescent sleep and educational attainment.

Results

Controlling for unobserved family‐level heterogeneity attenuated the associations between adolescent sleep characteristics and educational attainment, albeit in different ways for boys and girls. Gender‐stratified models suggest that, for boys, only the association between short sleep duration and educational attainment was robust to adjustment for sibling fixed effects. In contrast, for girls, among three sleep quality measures, only trouble falling or staying asleep remained significantly associated with educational attainment even after controlling for unobserved family heterogeneity. Sibling fixed effects estimates suggest that short sleep duration (6 or fewer hours per night) was negatively associated with years of schooling only among boys (b = −0.443), whereas trouble falling or staying asleep was associated with a reduction in years of schooling only among girls (b = −0.556). The mechanisms underlying the observed associations also differed by gender. For boys, the association between short sleep duration and educational attainment was partially explained by a combination of educational, social, and psychological factors. Only intermediate educational factors explained part of the association between trouble falling or staying asleep and educational attachment among girls.

Conclusions

The study's finding that the relationship between adolescent sleep characteristics and educational attainment and the mechanisms underlying this relationship differ by gender calls attention to the need for gender‐specific interventions.
Mapping exercise and status update of eight established registries within the TREatment of ATopic eczema Registry Taskforce
Authors: Bosma Angela L. , Musters Annelie H. , Bloem Manja , Gerbens Louise A. A. , Middelkamp‐Hup Maritza A. , Haufe Eva , Schmitt Jochen , Barbarot Sebastien , Seneschal Julien , Staumont‐Sallé Delphine , Johansson Emma K. , Bradley Maria , von Kobyletzki Laura B. , Vittrup Ida , Frier Ruge Iben , Thyssen Jacob P. , Vestergaard Christian , de Vega Marina , García‐Doval Ignacio , Chiricozzi Andrea , Stingeni Luca , Calzavara‐Pinton Piergiacomo , Ardern‐Jones Michael R. , Reynolds Nick J. , Flohr Carsten , Spuls Phyllis I.
Published: August 2022

Background

The TREatment of ATopic eczema (TREAT) Registry Taskforce is a collaborative international network of registries collecting data of atopic eczema (AE) patients receiving systemic and phototherapy with the common goal to provide long‐term real‐world data on the effectiveness, safety and cost‐effectiveness of therapies. A core dataset, consisting of domains and domain items with corresponding measurement instruments, has been developed to harmonize data collection.

Objectives

We aimed to give an overview of the status and characteristics of the eight established TREAT registries, and to perform a mapping exercise to examine the degree of overlap and pooling ability between the national registry datasets. This will allow us to determine which research questions can be answered in the future by pooling data.

Methods

All eight registries were asked to share their dataset and information on the current status and characteristics. The overlap between the core dataset and each registry dataset was identified (according to the domains, domain items and measurement instruments of the TREAT core dataset).

Results and conclusions

A total of 4702 participants have been recruited in the eight registries as of 1st of May 2022. Of the 69 core dataset domain items, data pooling was possible for 69 domain item outcomes in TREAT NL (the Netherlands), 61 items in A‐STAR (UK and Ireland), 38 items in TREATgermany (Germany), 36 items in FIRST (France), 33 items in AtopyReg (Italy), 29 items in Biobadatop (Spain), 28 items in SCRATCH (Denmark) and 20 items in SwedAD (Sweden). Pooled analyses across all registries can be performed on multiple important domain items, covering the main aims of analysing data on the (cost‐)effectiveness and safety of AE therapies. These results will facilitate future comparative or joint analyses.
Breast cancer genetic mutation: Synthesis of women's experience
Authors: McNamara Nichola , Feeney Meghan , Giltenane Martina , Dowling Maura
Published: August 2022

Aims and Objectives

To systematically identify and synthesise the experiences reported by women with a breast cancer mutation who do not have cancer as reported in qualitative research published between 2013 and 2020.

Background

Women carrying a BReast CAncer (BRC) genetic mutation have an increased risk for breast and ovarian cancer. They must engage in emotional decision‐making regarding risk management strategies to prevent cancer, including risk‐reducing bilateral mastectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy.

Design and Methods

The ENTREQ statement guided this review. Eight databases were systematically searched (CINAHL, Pubmed, Embase, Psychinfo [Ovid], Web of Science, Scopus, Proquest and Lenus). Synthesis was guided by “best fit” framework. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme guided assessment of methodological limitations and confidence in the review findings was informed by GRADE‐CERQual.

Results

Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria for synthesis. Six themes were synthesised from the included studies (anxiety; family planning; it's a family affair; empowerment; actions; pragmatic adjustments).

Conclusions

The multidimensional experiences of women living with a BRCA1/2 mutation require an individualised response based on women's needs at their life stages. A decision coaching model adopted during consultations could support women to guide decision‐making regarding cancer risk‐reducing strategies.
The paradox of human rights and three forms for its unfolding
Authors: LUHMANN NIKLAS , BUITENDAG NICO
Published: August 2022

In this essay, published here for the first time in English, Niklas Luhmann shows how human rights have never been able to justify their existence to society without the use of a paradox. He identifies three general phases (or forms) through which the doctrine of human rights has developed: natural law, the positivization of law, and finally human rights as recognized through their violation and the moral outrage that this elicits. Whenever a grounding of human rights has been found, its persuasiveness could only last for a limited time; with the advent of each new epoch, the paradox has had to be unfolded anew. Our current answer to the paradox – that human rights are justified by the moral outrage that their violations provoke – is the most primitive solution yet, from the standpoint of legal science. Through careful sociological observation of the structural changes that society is undergoing, more satisfactory solutions for the grounding of human rights can be found.
When and why narcissism leads to taking charge? The roles of coworker narcissism and employee comparative identity
Authors: Liu Xin , Mao Jih‐Yu , Zheng Xiaoming , Ni Dan , Harms Peter D.
Published: August 2022

When and why do narcissists take charge in the workplace? Integrating the narcissism literature and self‐identity theory, we argue that coworker narcissism is a key contingency that triggers narcissistic employees' comparative identity, which subsequently facilitates their taking charge behaviours. The results of two studies (Study 1: a two‐wave survey study of 351 frontline employees and 67 team leaders; Study 2: a scenario‐based experimental study of 190 workers) provide evidence that coworker narcissism moderates the relationship between employee narcissism and employee comparative identity, such that the relationship is strengthened when coworker narcissism is high rather than low. Employee comparative identity is positively related to employee taking charge behaviour. Furthermore, coworker narcissism moderates the indirect effect of employee narcissism on employee taking charge behaviour through employee comparative identity, such that the indirect effect is strengthened when coworker narcissism is high rather than low. These results contribute to the growing literature on the interpersonal dynamics of narcissists in the workplace and the impacts of narcissism on proactive behaviours.
ABI2‐mediated MEOX2/KLF4‐NANOG axis promotes liver cancer stem cell and drives tumour recurrence
Authors: Chen Jiandi , Li Huizi , Zhang Bin , Xiong Zhiyuan , Jin Zhe , Chen Jiaxi , Zheng Yang , Zhu Xiangnan , Zhang Shuixing
Published: August 2022

Tumour recurrence and drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma remain challenging. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumour initiation because of their stemness characteristics. CSCs accounting for drug resistance and tumour relapse are promising therapeutic targets. We report that Abelson interactor 2 (ABI2) is a novel therapeutic target of HCC CSCs. First, ABI2 was upregulated in HCC tissues compared with liver tissues and was associated with tumour size, pathological grade, liver cirrhosis, worse prognosis and a high recurrence rate. Functional studies illustrate that ABI2 knockdown suppresses cell growth, migration, invasion and sorafenib resistance in vitro. Furthermore, ABI2 knockdown inhibited HCC sphere formation and decreased the CD24+, CD133+ and CD326+ CSCs populations, suggesting the suppression of HCC stemness characteristics. A tumour xenograft model and limiting dilution assay demonstrated the inhibition of tumorigenicity and tumour initiation. Moreover, molecular mechanism studies showed that ABI2 recruits and directly interacts with the transcription factor MEOX2, which binds to the KLF4 and NANOG promoter regions to activate their transcription. Furthermore, overexpression of MEOX2 restored HCC malignant behaviour and the CSC population. The ABI2‐mediated transcriptional axis MEOX2/KLF4‐NANOG promotes HCC growth, metastasis and sorafenib resistance by maintaining the CSC population, suggesting that ABI2 is a promising CSC target in HCC treatment.
Poa pindariensis, a new species of Poa subg. Stenopoa (Poaceae, Poeae) from Western Himalaya, India
Authors: Sharma Sangam , Prasad Dileshwar , Yadav Rekha , Jaiswal Shubham , Tiwari Smita , Agnihotri Priyanka
Published: August 2022

Poa pindariensis, a newly discovered species of Poa (family Poaceae) from Pindari Valley, Western Himalaya, is described and illustrated. Within the genus Poa, the new species belongs to P. subg. Stenopoa sect. Pandemos, and morphologically similar to P. trivialis by the sickle shape of lower glume but differs from the latter in characteristic features of habit, leaf sheath, ligules, panicle and spikelet. Additionally, data on its distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting are given along with photo plates and distribution maps.
Simultaneous niche expansion and contraction in plant–pollinator networks under drought
Authors: Morozumi Connor , Loy Xingwen , Reynolds Victoria , Schiffer Annie , Morrison Beth , Savage Jade , Brosi Berry
Published: August 2022

Global climate change threatens to substantially rearrange species interactions, yet we lack clear predictions on how these changes will cascade through communities. Many perturbations associated with climate change, such as droughts, will change resource levels, with consequences for species interactions and thus ecological network structure. Diet theory predicts foraging niche expansion when preferred resources are scarce, yet under severe resource reduction interspecific competition could alternatively increase niche partitioning. Such niche expansion and/or contraction could profoundly shape ecological network structure following perturbations, but whether these predictions hold at the community level is unclear. We studied the impacts of drought on plant–pollinator networks in long‐lived perennial plant communities in which drought affects flower and floral reward production. We assessed whether drought effects on available floral resources altered pollinator dietary niche breadth to drive higher network‐level generalization. Accounting for interaction abundance and species turnover, we compared plant–pollinator networks in two drought years and three non‐drought years. We found that drought restructured plant–pollinator networks, resulting in more generalization in terms of presence–absence of links, yet more specialization when accounting for quantitative network intensities. Our results support the application of diet theory to understanding how perturbations may impact ecological network structure.
Short‐term Effectiveness of a Modified Osteotomy for Total Elbow Joint Replacement in Patients of Hemophilic Elbow Arthritis with Severe Flexion Contracture Deformity: A Three‐Cases Series Report
Authors: Cai Gaorui , Song Lixia , Chen Guoneng , Yuan Shanyou , Cai Lisheng , Ning Xianjia , Wang Jinghua , Jiang Wenxue
Published: August 2022

Objective

To report the modified osteotomy and the short‐term effectiveness of the total elbow joint replacement in patients of hemophilic elbow arthritis with severe flexion contracture deformity.

Methods

This study introduced the therapeutic approach of the total elbow joint replacement in patients of hemophilic elbow arthritis with severe flexion contracture deformity, and assessed the short‐term effectiveness in three cases (three elbows) of end‐stage hemophilic elbow arthritis admitted from October 2020 to December 2020. The included patients were all diagnosed with hemophilia A (factor VII deficiency), accompanied by severe bilateral elbow joint flexion contracture, which seriously affects daily life and requires surgical intervention. Clinical data and follow‐up results were analyzed before total elbow arthroplasty and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Pre‐ and postoperative range of motion, pain score, and function score were compared, and intraoperative and postoperative complications are reported.

Results

All three patients were male, with an average age of 31 years. The main clinical manifestations were bilateral elbow arthritis with flexion contracture. Two of the patients underwent right elbow replacement, and one patient underwent left elbow replacement. All cases were followed up for 6 months postoperatively. No incision infection or ulnar nerve injury occurred. Postoperative triceps brachii muscle strength was slightly weakened compared with preoperative muscle strength. Average elbow flexion and extension range of motion was 60° (30°–100°) preoperatively and increased to 127° (110°–140°) postoperatively; rotational range of motion of the affected forearm was 47° (10°–85°) preoperatively and increased to 117° postoperatively. The mean visual analogue scale (VAS) was 6 (5–8) preoperatively and decreased to 3 (2–4) postoperatively. The mean MEPS score was 62 (55–75) and increased to 87 (80–95) postoperatively. During the follow‐up, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs showed no signs of prosthesis loosening in the elbow.

Conclusions

For severe hemophilic elbow arthritis patients, the short‐term treatment effect of total elbow replacement is good, following the strict adherence to the surgical indications and proper preparation for the perioperative period. The modified osteotomy can fully expose the visual field and reduce complications of ulnar nerve injury. The long‐term effects need to be study future.
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation by Volar Locking Plates and the “Poking Reduction” Technique in Distal Radius Fractures with Displaced Dorsal Ulnar Fragments: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhang Linyuan , Wang Mengran , Liu Zhiqing , Wang Yueting , Sun Yuehua , Zhu Zhen'an , Wang Xiuhui , Liu Fengxiang , Cui Yin
Published: August 2022

Objective

To investigate the clinical and radiological outcomes of distal radius fractures (DRFs) with displaced dorsal ulnar fragments treated with volar locking plate (VLP) and the “poking reduction” technique.

Methods

Between January 2014 and January 2019, 78 unilateral DRFs with displaced dorsal ulnar fragment (AO type C3) treated with VLP were conducted. According to the reduction technique of the dorsal ulnar fragment, the patients were divided into the conventional reduction (CRG) group (33 patients, 14 males and 19 females, mean age 57.2 ± 12.1 years old) and the “poking reduction” (PRG) group (45 patients, 11 males and 34 females, mean age 60.1 ± 12.4 years old). According to the AO classification, there were 21 cases of C3.1 and 12 of C3.2 in the CPG group, 27 cases of C3.1 and 18 of C3.2 in the PRG group. Clinical and radiographic data were extracted from the electronic medical record system. These data were reviewed for clinical outcomes (range of motion, grip strength), radiological outcomes (volar tilt, radial inclination, radial height, step of articular surface), and postoperative complications. The final functional recovery was evaluated by the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score.

Results

The mean duration of follow‐up was 27 months (range from 12 to 56). The average operation time and intraoperative blood loss did not significantly differ between groups (p > 0.05). Postoperative CT examination showed that the step of articular surface in CPG group (0.8 ± 0.3 mm) was larger than that in PRG group (0.5 ± 0.2 mm) (p < 0.001). The DASH score did not significantly differ between groups (26.1 ± 4.6 in CRG and 24.7 ± 4.0 in PRG, p > 0.05) at 3 months postoperatively. At 6 months and 12 months postoperatively, the DASH score was better in PRG group (11.8 ± 2.5 and 10.4 ± 2.0) than in CRG group (13.6 ± 2.7 and 12.2 ± 2.5) (p = 0.004, p = 0.001, respectively). At 12 months postoperatively, wrist range of motion did not significantly differ between groups (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in radiological parameters between the two groups (p > 0.05). The incidence of complications was higher in the CRG group (7/33) than in the PRG group (2/45) (p = 0.009).

Conclusion

The “poking reduction” technique is a wise option for reduction of dorsal ulnar fragment in DRFs. This innovative technique could restore smoothness of the radiocarpal joint effectively, and the dorsal ulnar fragment could be fixed effectively combined with the volar plate.
A Scoring System for Predicting Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Primary High‐Grade Bone Sarcomas: A Multicenter Study
Authors: He Fangzhou , Xie Lu , Sun Xin , Xu Jie , Li Yuan , Liu Rong , Sun Kunkun , Shen Danhua , Gu Jin , Ji Tao , Guo Wei
Published: August 2022

Objective

Currently, there is a lack of good clinical tools for evaluating the effect of chemotherapy preoperatively on primary high‐grade bone sarcomas. Our goal was to investigate the predictive value of the clinical findings and establish a scoring system to predict chemotherapy response.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study and reviewed 322 patients with primary high‐grade bone sarcomas. Patients who routinely received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and underwent primary tumor resection with an assessment of tumor necrosis rate (TNR) were enrolled in this study. The medical records of patients were collected from November 1, 2011, to March 1, 2018, at Peking University People's Hospital (PKUPH) and Peking University Shougang Hospital (PKUSH). The mean age of the patients was 16.2 years (range 3–52 years), of whom 65.5% were male. The clinical data collected before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy included the degree of pain, laboratory inspection, X‐ray, CT, contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance (MR), and positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT). Several machine learning models, including logistic regression, decision trees, support vector machines, and neural networks, were used to classify the chemotherapy responses. Area under the curve (AUC) of the scoring system to predict chemotherapy response is the primary outcome measure.

Results

For patients without events, a minimum follow‐up of 24 months was achieved. The median follow‐up time was 43.3 months, and it ranged from 24 to 84 months. The 5 years progression‐free survival (PFS) of the included patients was 54.1%. The 5 years PFS rate was 39.7% for poor responders and 74.9% for good responders. Features such as longest diameter reduction ratio (up to three points), clear bone boundary formation (up to two points), tumor necrosis measured by magnetic resonance (up to two points), maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) decrease (up to three points), and significant alkaline phosphatase decrease (up to 1 point) were identified as significant predictors of good histological response and constituted the scoring system. A score ≥4 predicts a good response to chemotherapy. The scoring system based on the above factors performed well, achieving an AUC of 0.893. For nonmeasurable lesions (classified by the revised Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [RECIST 1.1]), the AUC was 0.901.

Conclusion

We first devised a well‐performing comprehensive scoring system to predict the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in primary high‐grade bone sarcomas.
Efficacy of Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone versus Vertebral Augmentation Procedure on Patients with Acute Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture
Authors: Gou Pengguo , Zhao Zhihui , Yu Chen , Hou Xuefeng , Gao Gang , Zhang Ting , Chang Feng
Published: August 2022

Objective

Although widely used in clinical practice, vertebral augmentation procedure (VAP) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) is not supported. Recently, the effect of recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1–34) (rhPTH) has been paid great attention for its efficacy in anti‐osteoporosis and bone union. This study aims to explore the outcome of rhPTH on acute OVCF and compare it with VAP to clarify its therapeutic advantages.

Methods

The retrospective study comprised 71 acute OVCF patients from January 2015 to March 2020: 22 received rhPTH treatment (rhPTH group) and 49 underwent VAP (VAP group). The rhPTH group was 15 women and seven men with an average of 76.18 years, and the VAP group were 35 women and 14 men with an average of 73.63 years. The thoracic/lumbar vertebrae were 14/8 in the rhPTH group and 29/20 in the VAP group. The average follow‐up period was 14.05 months in the rhPTH group and 13.82 months in the VAP group. The two groups were assessed regarding the visual analog score (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), OVCF bone union, bone mineral density (BMD), kyphotic angle (KA), anterior and posterior border height (ABH and PBH, respectively), adverse events and the health‐related quality of life assessed by short form‐36 health survey scores (SF‐36). Categorical variables were analyzed by chi‐square test and continuous variables between groups were analyzed by independent samples t‐test or Mann–Whitney U test according to the normality.

Results

During the follow‐up, the VAS was significantly lower in the rhPTH group than in the VAP group at month 3 (0.39 ± 0.6 vs 0.68 ± 0.651) (p = 0.047), month 6 (0.45 ± 0.60 vs 2.18 ± 1.22) (p < 0.001), and month 12 (0.45 ± 0.60 vs 2.43 ± 1.49) (p < 0.001). At month 12, the ODI was significantly lower in the rhPTH group (18.59 ± 3.33%) than in the VAP group (28.93 ± 16.71%) (p < 0.001). Bone bridge was detected on sagittal computed tomography images of all fractured vertebrae in the rhPTH group. The BMD was significantly higher in the rhPTH group (87.66 ± 5.91 Hounsfield units [HU]) than in the VAP group (68.15 ± 11.32HU) (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the changes in KA, ABH, and PBH between groups (all p > 0.05). The incidence of new OVCF was significantly lower in the rhPTH group than in the VAP group (p = 0.042). All scores of SF‐36 were significantly higher in the rhPTH group than in the VAP group (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion

In acute OVCF patients, rhPTH was better than VAP in increasing spinal BMD to promote OVCF healing, reduce new OVCF, and improve back pain, physical ability, and health‐related quality of life.
Being Fully Excused for Wrongdoing
Authors: Bruno Daniele
Published: August 2022

On the classical understanding, an agent is fully excused for an action if and only if performing this action was a case of faultless wrongdoing. A major motivation for this view is the apparent existence of paradigmatic types of excusing considerations, affecting fault but not wrongness. I show that three such considerations, ignorance, duress and compulsion, can be shown to have direct bearing on the permissibility of actions. The appeal to distinctly identifiable excusing considerations thus does not stand up to closer scrutiny, undermining the classical view and giving us reason to seek alternative ways of drawing the justification/excuse distinction.
The effects of the news media on a firm's voluntary product recalls
Authors: Astvansh Vivek , Wang Yen‐Yao , Shi Wei
Published: August 2022

Does the news media's reporting of the safety (or the lack thereof) of a firm's products impact managers’ voluntary recalls of the products? The current article empirically answers this question in the context of safety defects in vehicles of 22 manufacturers from June 2009 to December 2020 in the United States. Results show that the volume of news reports about safety in a manufacturer's products increases voluntary recalls by managers. Further, the negativity in these news reports strengthens the main effect of news volume, whereas news positivity does not moderate the main effect. Last, The media's rating of the manufacturer's products weakens the news volume effect, thus acting as a buffer. The supplementary analysis demonstrates that none of the main or moderation effects exists for involuntary recalls, confirming the theory that news affects managers’ voluntary behavior. Finally, the effects exist for high (and not low) severity voluntary recalls only. The findings unearth the news media's role in enhancing public safety by affecting managerial decisions about recalls.
Melatonin protects sheep endometrial epithelial cells against lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation in vitro
Authors: Ge Wenbo , Duan Hongwei , Zeng Jianling , Zhao Xingxu , Li Jianyong , Hu Junjie
Published: August 2022

Melatonin has known anti‐inflammatory effects. Yet, how melatonin protects sheep endometrial epithelial cells from inflammation remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the melatonin synthetase AANAT and HIOMT and melatonin membrane receptors MT1 and MT2 distribution in sheep uterus. Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated sheep endometrial epithelial cells as an in vitro inflammation model. The results showed that melatonin attenuated the expression of inflammatory factors in a concentration‐response manner. Melatonin also inhibited the LPS‐stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK and NF‐κB p65. This attenuation was partially blocked by luzindole (a non‐specific MT1 and MT2 inhibitor) or 4P‐PDOT (specific MT2 inhibitor). In addition, the above inhibition of melatonin was abolished by the PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002. It was concluded that melatonin had an inhibitory effect on LPS‐induced endometrial epithelial cell inflammation in sheep, which was mediated by the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway via melatonin receptors.
Validation of double freezing protocol for Beetal buck (Capra hircus) spermatozoa
Authors: Shah Syed Aftab Hussain , Haider Muhammad Shafiq , Ahmed Hussain , Fayyaz Muhammad Hammad , Andrabi Syed Murtaza Hassan
Published: August 2022

The study aimed to validate the double versus single freezing protocol for Beetal buck (Capra hircus) spermatozoa in tris‐citric acid (TCA) based extender both in terms of quality and fertilization potential. Computer‐assisted sperm motion and kinematic (CASA) variables, i.e. total (%), and progressive motilities (TM and PM, %) and rapid velocity (RV, %), average path (VAP, μm/s), straight line (VSL, μm/s) and curved line velocities (VCL, μm/s), straightness, (VSL/VAP, %) and linearity, (VSL/VCL, %) as well as supra‐vital plasma membrane integrity (SV‐PMI, %), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, %), viable/intact acrosome (V–IACR, %) and DNA integrity (DNA–I, %) had significantly greater values (p < .05) during single freeze–thawing as compared with the double freeze–thawing at 0, 30, 90, 150 and 210 days, respectively. All CASA and other assays alone did not show significant differences (p > .05) between both freeze–thaw cycles at all treatment durations, respectively. No statistical significance (p > .05) was observed for the in vivo fertility between single (n = 84/141 = 59.72%) and double freeze–thawing (n = 72/136 = 52.9%) cycles, respectively. In conclusion, sperm motion, kinematics, plasma membrane, acrosome, mitochondria and DNA integrities and in vivo fertility are acceptable after the double freezing protocol despite being lower than after one freeze cycle in Beetal buck.
What graffiti arts and tags tell us about urban identity in Nouméa (New Caledonia)
Authors: Stéphanie Geneix-Rabault
Published: August 2022

This article aims to describe and analyse graffiti arts and tags in the city of Nouméa, the capital of New Caledonia, a multicultural and multilingual city which is home to people who have moved from many different areas of New Caledonia and other countries of the South Pacific. I aim to understand how the citizens of Nouméa use graffiti and tags to construct their plural identities and identify themselves as Nouméens, as residents of Nouméan suburbs, and as people from other regions, with continued attachment and identification to these areas (tribal villages, islands, countries) of origin. How do they express these multiple senses of belonging? Which visual symbols, words, linguistic codes and norms do they use? How can this literacy help younger generations simultaneously reclaim their urban spaces (‘I'm from here and elsewhere’, ‘I have my place in this city!’) and assert their Oceanic identities?
Modeling Power Constraints Using Maps and Field Data in Optimization Problems for Gas Transportation Systems
Authors: Allen Cody W.
Published: August 2022

Gas transmission networks have been and continue to be the most efficient method for transporting natural gas. As hydrogen begins to emerge as one possible solution of renewable energy and starts mixing into gas networks, now more than ever, efficient operation is paramount. Part of the efficient pipeline operation puzzle is knowing how much power is available at a given compressor station, which constrains the head and flow that can be produced. In the literature, the driver is often neglected in implementations of pipeline optimization problems. This paper derives and implements driver constraints relating to gas pipeline optimization problems such as throughput maximization and consumed fuel minimization at the pipeline level. The addition of these constraints ensures that solutions are not only bounded by surge and stonewall curves as well as compressor speed, but also by available power from the driver given current ambient conditions. The modified optimization problem results in more accurate solutions of pipeline optimization problems.
Defect reconstruction in a two-dimensional semi-analytical waveguide model via derivative-based optimization
Authors: Bulling J. , Jurgelucks B. , Prager J. , Walther A.
Published: August 2022

This paper considers an indirect measurement approach to reconstruct a defect in a two-dimensional waveguide model for a non-destructive ultrasonic inspection via derivative-based optimization. The propagation of the mechanical waves is simulated by the scaled boundary finite element method that builds on a semi-analytical approach. The simulated data are then fitted to given data associated with the reflected waves from a defect which is to be reconstructed. For this purpose, we apply an iteratively regularized Gauss-Newton method in combination with algorithmic differentiation to provide the required derivative information accurately and efficiently. We present numerical results for three kinds of defects, namely, a crack, delamination, and corrosion. The objective function and the properties of the reconstruction method are investigated. The examples show that the parameterization of the defect can be reconstructed efficiently as well as robustly in the presence of noise.
A mechanism of gene evolution generating mucin function
Authors: Pajic Petar , Shen Shichen , Qu Jun , May Alison J. , Knox Sarah , Ruhl Stefan , Gokcumen Omer
Published: August 2022

How novel gene functions evolve is a fundamental question in biology. Mucin proteins, a functionally but not evolutionarily defined group of proteins, allow the study of convergent evolution of gene function. By analyzing the genomic variation of mucins across a wide range of mammalian genomes, we propose that exonic repeats and their copy number variation contribute substantially to the de novo evolution of new gene functions. By integrating bioinformatic, phylogenetic, proteomic, and immunohistochemical approaches, we identified 15 undescribed instances of evolutionary convergence, where novel mucins originated by gaining densely O-glycosylated exonic repeat domains. Our results suggest that secreted proteins rich in proline are natural precursors for acquiring mucin function. Our findings have broad implications for understanding the role of exonic repeats in the parallel evolution of new gene functions, especially those involving protein glycosylation.
Inhibition of microbial deconjugation of micellar bile acids protects against intestinal permeability and liver injury
Authors: Li Darrick K. , Chaudhari Snehal N. , Lee Yoojin , Sojoodi Mozhdeh , Adhikari Arijit A. , Zukerberg Lawrence , Shroff Stuti , Barrett Stephen Cole , Tanabe Kenneth , Chung Raymond T. , Devlin A. Sloan
Published: August 2022

Altered host-microbe interactions and increased intestinal permeability have been implicated in disease pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which intestinal microbes affect epithelial barrier integrity remain unclear. Here, we investigate the impact of bacterial metabolism of host-produced bile acid (BA) metabolites on epithelial barrier integrity. We observe that rats fed a choline-deficient,
l
-amino acid–defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) exhibit reduced intestinal abundance of host-produced conjugated BAs at early time points, coinciding with increased gut permeability. We show that in vitro, conjugated BAs protect gut epithelial monolayers from damage caused by bacterially produced unconjugated BAs through micelle formation. We then demonstrate that inhibition of bacterial BA deconjugation with a small-molecule inhibitor prevents the development of pathologic intestinal permeability and hepatic inflammation in CDAHFD-fed rats. Our study identifies a signaling-independent, physicochemical mechanism for conjugated BA-mediated protection of epithelial barrier function and suggests that rational manipulation of microbial BA metabolism could be leveraged to regulate gut barrier integrity.
Cryo-EM reveals an entangled kinetic trap in the folding of a catalytic RNA
Authors: Bonilla Steve L. , Vicens Quentin , Kieft Jeffrey S.
Published: August 2022

Functional RNAs fold through complex pathways that can contain misfolded “kinetic traps.” A complete model of RNA folding requires understanding the formation of these misfolded states, but they are difficult to characterize because of their transient and potentially conformationally dynamic nature. We used cryo–electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to visualize a long-lived misfolded state in the folding pathway of the
Tetrahymena thermophila
group I intron, a paradigmatic RNA structure-function model system. The structure revealed how this state forms native-like secondary structure and tertiary contacts but contains two incorrectly crossed strands, consistent with a previous model. This incorrect topology mispositions a critical catalytic domain and cannot be resolved locally as extensive refolding is required. This work provides a structural framework for interpreting decades of biochemical and functional studies and demonstrates the power of cryo-EM for the exploration of RNA folding pathways.
Supplemental Material: Fault surface morphology as an indicator for earthquake nucleation potential
Authors: Eijsink Agathe M. , al. et
Published: August 2022

Supplemental figures providing background data to the manuscript, and a detailed description of the methods used. 
Supplemental Material: Late Messinian submarine channel systems in the Levant Basin: Challenging the desiccation scenario
Authors: Moneron Jimmy , Gvirtzman Zohar
Published: August 2022

Log analysis, seismic interpretation, channel identification and distinction methods, and additional results. 
Middle Miocene faulting and basin evolution during central Basin and Range extension: A detailed record from the upper Horse Spring Formation and red sandstone unit, Lake Mead region, Nevada, USA
Authors: Lamb Melissa A. , Hickson Thomas A. , Umhoefer Paul J. , Anderson Zachary W. , Pomerleau Crystal , Souders Katrina , Lee Lindsey , Dunbar Nelia , McIntosh William
Published: August 2022

Miocene basins of the Lake Mead region (southwestern United States) contain a well-exposed record of rifting and the evolving paleogeography of the eastern central Basin and Range. The middle Miocene Horse Spring Formation and red sandstone unit allow for detailed stratigraphic, chronostratigraphic, and structural analysis for better understanding the geologic history of extension in this region. We present new data from the White Basin and Lovell Wash areas (Nevada) to interpret the evolution of faulting, basin fill, and paleogeography. We conclude that tectonics strongly influenced sedimentation and hypothesize that climate may have played a secondary but important role in creating stratigraphic variations. Deposited from 14.5 to 13.86 Ma, the microbialitic Bitter Ridge Limestone Member of the Horse Spring Formation, the stratigraphically lowest unit in this study, records a widespread shallow and uniform lake which had moderate and steady sedimentation rates, both of which were controlled by a few faults. The persistent lake was broken up by fault reorganization followed by deposition of the highly variable fluvial-lacustrine facies of the Lovell Wash Member from 13.86 to 12.7 Ma. During this time, faulting shifted from the northeast-trending, oblique normal left-lateral White Basin fault to the northwest-trending, normal Muddy Peak fault and other smaller northwest-trending faults. The lower and middle portions of the red sandstone unit, 12.7–11.4 Ma, record an increase in the sedimentation rate of basin fill near the Muddy Peak fault as well as the return to widespread lacustrine conditions. Sedimentation and faulting slowed during deposition of the uppermost red sandstone unit, but some deformation occurred post–11.4 Ma. This study records basin-fill evolution including variations in depositional environments laterally and vertically, documents changes in the location and magnitude of faulting, supports earlier work that hypothesized faulting proceeded in discrete westward steps across the Lake Mead area, and helps constrain the paleogeographic and tectonic evolution of the region.
Supplemental Material: A case of Ampferer-type subduction beneath the New Caledonia arc: Evidence for inefficient subduction of hydrated lithologiesinto the upper mantle
Authors: Nicholson Kirsten N. , Abu El-Rus Mohamed
Published: August 2022

Figures S1–S5 and Tables S1–S9.