bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Player evaluation using win probabilities in sports competitions
Authors: Albert Jim
Published: June 2015

One type of sports competition between two teams consists of a sequence of plays where the winner is the team with the most points scored. A win probability is a calculation during the game which expresses the likelihood of the home team winning the contest. Win probabilities are helpful in understanding the ebb and flow of the game, and in assessing which plays had the largest impact on the outcome of the contest. This article reviews the definition, construction, and application of win probabilities in a number of sports including the use of this concept in measuring the contribution of individual players. WIREs Comput Stat 2015, 7:316–325. doi: 10.1002/wics.1358

This article is categorized under:

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Modeling Methods
Synthesis and Characterization of Tetra(pyridyl)cyclo­butadiene Iron Complexes [Cp*Fe(C4py4)]– (py = 3‐pyridyl and 4‐pyridyl, Cp* = C5Me5)
Authors: Wiegel Anne‐Kathrin , Rad Babak Rezaei , Herrmann Dirk , Wolf Robert
Published: June 2015

The tetra(pyridyl)cyclobutadiene complexes [K([18{crown‐6){Cp*FeC4(3‐py)4}] (2) (3‐py = 3‐pyridyl) and [K([18{crown‐6){Cp*FeC4(4‐py)4}] (3) (4‐py = 4‐pyridyl) were synthesized by reacting two equivalents of bis(3‐pyridyl)acetylene and bis(4‐pyridyl)acetylene with the naphthalene complex [K([18{crown‐6){Cp*Fe(η4‐C10H8)}]. Compounds 2 and 3 were fully characterized by X‐ray crystallography, 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. They display similar sandwich structures with an η5‐coordinated Cp* unit and an η4‐coordinated cyclobutadiene moiety. In the solid state, compounds 2 and 3 form distinct polymeric chain structures due to the interaction of the pyridyl nitrogen atoms with the potassium cations. Cyclic voltammetry measurements indicate that the [Cp*FeC4py4]– anions (py = 3‐py or 4‐py) undergo a reversible one electron oxidation to neutral [Cp*FeC4py4] complexes. A second quasi‐reversible redox event is attributed to the oxidation these products to unstable [Cp*FeC4py4]+ cations. The properties of 2 and 3 are compared with those of the previously reported 2‐pyridyl complex [K([18{crown‐6){Cp*FeC4(2‐py)4}] (1) [Dalton Trans. 2014, 43, 4247–4250].
Increased Emulsion Stability for Reverse Y‐Shaped Sugar‐Based Surfactants
Authors: Ali Tammar Hussein , Tajuddin Hairul Anuar Bin , Hussen Rusnah Syahila Duali , Heidelberg Thorsten
Published: June 2015

A series of reverse Y‐shaped surfactants containing aromatic and aliphatic linkers to combine two short hydrocarbon chains and one carbohydrate head group was prepared. Liquid crystalline behavior, air–water interfacial properties, and efficiency as an emulsifier was investigated for each reverse Y‐shaped surfactant. All reverse Y‐shaped surfactants mediated higher emulsion stabilities for water‐in‐oil compared to common typical reference surfactants, reflecting an improved ability to cope with a curvature towards water. The introduction of a benzene ring into the linker substantially increased the affinity of the surfactant for hydrophobic media, resulting in improved emulsion stability for both water‐in‐oil and oil‐in‐water.
Extraction of Coriander Oil Using Twin‐Screw Extrusion: Feasibility Study and Potential Press Cake Applications
Authors: Uitterhaegen E. , Nguyen Q. H. , Sampaio K. A. , Stevens C. V. , Merah O. , Talou T. , Rigal L. , Evon Ph.
Published: June 2015

This study presents an assessment of the vegetable oil extraction from coriander fruits through mechanical pressing, more specifically twin‐screw extrusion. This comprises an evaluation of the oil recovery obtained and its respective quality, as well as the specific mechanical energy, representing an economical point of view. With regard to the extrusion optimization, the screw configuration, the device's filling coefficient and the pressing temperature were varied. The screw configuration was shown to exhibit a key influence on the extraction efficiency and oil recoveries of at least 40 % were reached when the pressing zone was positioned immediately after the filter and consisted of 50 mm long, reverse screws with a ‐33 mm pitch. Furthermore, with a device's filling coefficient of 39.4 g/h rpm and a pressing temperature of 120 °C, an oil recovery of 47 %, the highest of this study, was reached with concurrent low energy consumption. Next to this, operating parameters of 47.1 g/h rpm and 80 °C resulted in the production of a press cake with the lowest residual oil content (15 %) in this study, although this also involved a significant increase in the filtrate's foot content. All the produced oils were of acceptable quality (<1.5 % acidity), showed high petroselinic acid content (73 %), and were pleasantly scented.
Shale Gas: A Non-conventional Hydrocarbon as Future Energy Resource of India
Authors: Hasan Syed Zaheer , Rasheed M. A. , Harinarayan T.
Published: June 2015

Shale gas, despite being trapped in low permeability horizons, has gained a big boom in recent years that can be utilized to partially meet the ever increasing demands of the conventional natural gas. The major assets of hydrocarbon potential are widely distributed over India. The Brahmaputra valley of NE India, the Cambay region of Gujarat coast, the west coast offshore and the east coast offshore regions are the potential areas from where the maximum hydrocarbon is tapped. In India approximately two-third production is shared by the offshore regions while the rest is contributed by the onshore regions. The average annual production of oil and gas does not meet the demands hence, dependency lies more on imports. The projected demand may increase many fold by the end of this decade. The continuous increase in demand leaves no option except to enhance R&D activities in order to explore extensively for the unconventional resources namely Coal Bed Methane, Tight reservoirs, Shale Gas, Underground Coal Gasification, Gas Hydrates etc. Except the Coal Bed Methane and the Shale Gas, the knowledge and efforts towards other alternate resources are still in preliminary stage. The present study aims to highlight the importance of Shale Gas in filling the gap between demand and supply in the Cambay basin.
Relations between youths' conceptions of spirituality and their developmental outcomes☆
Authors: James Anthony G. , Fine Mark A.
Published: June 2015

This study uses a positive youth development (PYD) approach to explore whether differences in youths' conceptions of spirituality were linked to patters of difference regarding 6 domains of PYD. Using data from the 4‐H Study of Positive Youth Development, findings revealed a consistent trend across 6 domains of positive development. Youth who had coherent conceptions of being spiritual generally scored highest on measures of positive development, whereas youth in the ambiguous spirituality group (i.e., less coherent) scored the lowest. However, follow‐up analyses reveal that such relations did not hold over time. Implications of findings include youth development professionals aiming to nurture the spiritual growth of youth should encourage more coherent notions of spirituality among the youth they serve.
Process of formulating USDA's Expanded Flavonoid Database for the Assessment of Dietary intakes: a new tool for epidemiological research
Authors: Bhagwat Seema A. , Haytowitz David B. , Wasswa-Kintu Shirley I. , Pehrsson Pamela R.
Published: June 2015

The scientific community continues to be interested in potential links between flavonoid intakes and beneficial health effects associated with certain chronic diseases such as CVD, some cancers and type 2 diabetes. Three separate flavonoid databases (Flavonoids, Isoflavones and Proanthocyanidins) developed by the USDA Agricultural Research Service since 1999 with frequent updates have been used to estimate dietary flavonoid intakes, and investigate their health effects. However, each of these databases contains only a limited number of foods. The USDA has constructed a new Expanded Flavonoids Database for approximately 2900 commonly consumed foods, using analytical values from their existing flavonoid databases (Flavonoid Release 3.1 and Isoflavone Release 2.0) as the foundation to calculate values for all the twenty-nine flavonoid compounds included in these two databases. Thus, the new database provides full flavonoid profiles for twenty-nine predominant dietary flavonoid compounds for every food in the database. Original analytical values in Flavonoid Release 3.1 and Isoflavone Release 2.0 for corresponding foods were retained in the newly constructed database. Proanthocyanidins are not included in the expanded database. The process of formulating the new database includes various calculation techniques. This article describes the process of populating values for the twenty-nine flavonoid compounds for every food in the dataset, along with challenges encountered and resolutions suggested. The new expanded flavonoid database released on the Nutrient Data Laboratory's website would provide uniformity in estimations of flavonoid content in foods and will be a valuable tool for epidemiological studies to assess dietary intakes.
Detection and characterisation of Complement protein activity in bovine milk by bactericidal sequestration assay
Authors: Maye Susan , Stanton Catherine , Fitzgerald Gerald F , Kelly Philip M
Published: June 2015

While the Complement protein system in human milk is well characterised, there is little information on its presence and activity in bovine milk. Complement forms part of the innate immune system, hence the importance of its contribution during milk ingestion to the overall defences of the neonate. A bactericidal sequestration assay, featuring a Complement sensitive strain, Escherichia coli 0111, originally used to characterise Complement activity in human milk was successfully applied to freshly drawn bovine milk samples, thus, providing an opportunity to compare Complement activities in both human and bovine milks. Although not identical in response, the levels of Complement activity in bovine milk were found to be closely comparable with that of human milk. Differential counts of Esch. coli 0111 after 2 h incubation were 6·20 and 6·06 log CFU/ml, for raw bovine and human milks, respectively – the lower value representing a stronger Complement response. Exposing bovine milk to a range of thermal treatments e.g. 42, 45, 65, 72, 85 or 95 °C for 10 min, progressively inhibited Complement activity by increasing temperature, thus confirming the heat labile nature of this immune protein system. Low level Complement activity was found, however, in 65 and 72 °C heat treated samples and in retailed pasteurised milk which highlights the outer limit to which high temperature, short time (HTST) industrial thermal processes should be applied if retention of activity is a priority. Concentration of Complement in the fat phase was evident following cream separation, and this was also reflected in the further loss of activity recorded in low fat variants of retailed pasteurised milk. Laboratory-based churning of the cream during simulated buttermaking generated an aqueous (buttermilk) phase with higher levels of Complement activity than the fat phase, thus pointing to a likely association with the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) layer.
The neutrophil function and lymphocyte profile of milk from bovine mammary glands infected with Streptococcus dysgalactiae
Authors: Blagitz Maiara G , Souza Fernando N , Batista Camila F , Azevedo Luis Fernando F , Benites Nilson Roberti , Melville Priscilla Anne , Diniz Soraia A , Silva Marcos X , Haddad João Paulo A , Heinnemann Marcos Bryan , Cerqueira Mônica M O P , Della Libera Alice M M P
Published: June 2015

Streptococcus dysgalactiaeis a bacterium that accounts for a notable proportion of both clinical and subclinical intramammary infections (IMIs). Thus, the present study explores the function of milk neutrophils and the lymphocyte profile in mammary glands naturally infected withStreptococcus dysgalactiae. Here, we used 32 culture-negative control quarters from eight clinically healthy dairy cows with low somatic cell counts and 13S. dysgalactiae-infected quarters from six dairy cows. Using flow cytometry, we evaluated the percentage of milk monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils, expression of CD62L, CD11b and CD44 by milk neutrophils, the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and phagocytosis ofStaphylococcus aureusby milk neutrophils, and neutrophil viability. Furthermore, the percentages of B cell (CD21+) and T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+/CD4+/CD8−; CD3+/CD8+/CD4−; and CD3+/CD8−/CD4−), and the expression of CD25 by T milk lymphocytes (CD3+) and T CD4+milk cells were also assessed by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. The present study showed a higher SCC and percentage of milk neutrophils, and a decrease in the percentage of milk monocytes/macrophages fromS. dysgalactiae-infected quarters when compared to uninfected ones. We also observed a higher expression of CD11b by milk neutrophils and a tendency toward a decrease in neutrophil apoptosis rate inS. dysgalactiae-infected quarters. In addition, theS. dysgalactiae-infected quarters had higher percentages of milk T cells (CD3+) and their subset CD3+CD8+CD4−cells. Overall, the present study provided new insights intoS. dysgalactiaeIMIs, including distinct lymphocyte profiles, and a tendency toward an inhibition of apoptosis in milk neutrophils.
Species-specific effects of seagrass on belowground biomass, redox potential and Pillucina vietnamica (Lucinidae)
Authors: Rattanachot Ekkalak , Prathep Anchana
Published: June 2015

The network of roots and rhizomes of seagrasses plays an important role in coastal ecosystems by anchoring the substrate firmly, controlling the biogeochemistry of the sediments and providing habitat for many infaunal organisms. The purpose of this study was to compare five seagrass communities in southern Thailand in terms of species composition, belowground biomass, redox potential and the abundance of the dominant bivalve Pillucina vietnamica. The communities of Halophila ovalis, Cymodocea rotundata, Thalassia hemprichii, H. ovalis with C. rotundata and C. rotundata with T. hemprichii were studied. Belowground biomass, redox potential, bivalve abundance and bivalve size differed among communities and depths (P < 0.05). The redox potential in vegetated areas was lower than in bare sand, showing that seagrass roots trapped more organic matter than did bare sand. The lowest redox potential was in a monospecific patch of the branching root species, C. rotundata. The abundance of P. vietnamica in vegetated areas was lower than in bare sand (P < 0.05). Pillucina vietnamica was relatively large in size in the monospecific stands of C. rotundata and T. hemprichii, where relatively high root biomass and belowground biomass, respectively, were found. Our results suggest that seagrass promotes anoxic conditions belowground by trapping sediment but could obstruct the burrowing activity of lucinids, as dense populations of lucinids occurred mainly in bare sand. However, seagrass also provided shelter for lucinids, as larger bivalves were found in seagrass areas. The interactions among belowground seagrass parts, the biogeochemistry of sediments and the lucinids are highly complex and merit further study.
Presenting parasitological data: the good, the bad and the error bar
Authors: ZALOUMIS SOPHIE G. , FOWKES FREYA J. I. , DE LIVERA ALYSHA , SIMPSON JULIE A.
Published: June 2015

Visual displays of data in the parasitology literature are often presented in a way which is not very informative regarding the distribution of the data. An example being simple barcharts with half an error bar on top to display the distribution of parasitaemia and biomarkers of host immunity. Such displays obfuscate the shape of the data distribution through displaying too few statistical measures to explain the spread of all the data and selecting statistical measures which are influenced by skewness and outliers. We describe more informative, yet simple, visual representations of the data distribution commonly used in statistics and provide guidance with regards to the display of estimates of population parameters (e.g. population mean) and measures of precision (e.g. 95% confidence interval) for statistical inference. In this article we focus on visual displays for numerical data and demonstrate such displays using an example dataset consisting of total IgG titres in response to threePlasmodiumblood antigens measured in pregnant women and parasitaemia measurements from the same study. This tutorial aims to highlight the importance of displaying the data distribution appropriately and the role such displays have in selecting statistics to summarize its distribution and perform statistical inference.
The interpretation of logical connectives in Turkish
Authors: GEÇKİN VASFİYE , CRAIN STEPHEN , THORNTON ROSALIND
Published: June 2015

This study investigated how Turkish-speaking children and adults interpret negative sentences with disjunction (English or) and ones with conjunction (English and). The goal was to see whether Turkish-speaking children and adults assigned the same interpretation to both kinds of sentences and, if not, to determine the source of the differences. Turkish-speaking children and adults were found to assign different interpretations to negative sentences with disjunction just in case the nouns in the disjunction phrase were marked with accusative case. For children, negation took scope over disjunction regardless of case marking, whereas, for adults, disjunction took scope over negation if the disjunctive phrases were case marked. Both groups assigned the same interpretation to negative sentences with conjunction; both case-marked and non-case-marked conjunction phrases took scope over negation. The findings are taken as evidence for a ‘subset’ principle of language learnability that dictates children's initial scope assignments.
The role of the intensive care unit in real-time surveillance of emerging pandemics: the Italian GiViTI experience
Authors: BERTOLINI G. , NATTINO G. , LANGER M. , TAVOLA M. , CRESPI D. , MONDINI M. , ROSSI C. , PREVITALI C. , MARSHALL J. , POOLE D. ,   GiViTI
Published: June 2015

The prompt availability of reliable epidemiological information on emerging pandemics is crucial for public health policy-makers. Early in 2013, a possible new H1N1 epidemic notified by an intensive care unit (ICU) to GiViTI, the Italian ICU network, prompted the re-activation of the real-time monitoring system developed during the 2009–2010 pandemic. Based on data from 216 ICUs, we were able to detect and monitor an outbreak of severe H1N1 infection, and to compare the situation with previous years. The timely and correct assessment of the severity of an epidemic can be obtained by investigating ICU admissions, especially when historical comparisons can be made.
Calling all Campy – how routine investigation and molecular characterization impacts the understanding of campylobacteriosis epidemiology – Alaska, United States, 2004–2013
Authors: CASTRODALE L. J. , PROVO G. M. , XAVIER C. M. , McLAUGHLIN J. B.
Published: June 2015

Unlike most jurisdictions in the United States, Alaska performs pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) characterization of all Campylobacter sp. isolates at the state public health laboratory – a practice that started in 2002. Moreover, in order to ensure early detection and response to campylobacteriosis outbreaks, the Alaska Section of Epidemiology has investigated all incident Campylobacter sp. case reports since 2004. This report summarizes the public health impact of routine incident case investigations and molecular characterization of all Campylobacter sp. isolates. In sum, we found that these efforts have contributed to better characterization of the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis in Alaska, and facilitated more rapid outbreak detection, more public health investigations, and earlier public health interventions.
Role of binary toxin in the outcome ofClostridium difficileinfection in a non-027 ribotype setting
Authors: REIGADAS E. , ALCALÁ L. , MARÍN M. , MARTÍN A. , IGLESIAS C. , BOUZA E.
Published: June 2015

Binary toxin (BT) has been associated with strains causing more severeClostridium difficileinfection (CDI), such as ribotype 027. Data on the outcome of patients having BT present in ribotypes other than 027 are scarce. Our objective was to investigate the association between BT isolates and outcome of CDI in a non-027 ribotype setting. We prospectively included CDI episodes (January–June 2013 and March–June 2014) from symptomatic patients aged >2 years. Epidemiological and clinical data were recorded. BT genes were detected using multiplex PCR. During the study period, we identified 326 episodes of CDI, of which 319 were available for molecular analysis. Of these, 54 (16·9%) were caused byC. difficilestrains with BT. Most (90·7%) isolates with BT were ribotype 078/126. CDI patients with BT-positive strains did not differ from those with BT-negative strains in terms of recurrence (13·0%vs. 15·5%,P= 0·835), treatment failure (0·0%vs. 2·3%,P= 0·594), overall mortality (11·1%vs. 9·1%,P= 0·612), or CDI-related mortality (0·0%vs. 1·9%,P= 0·612). Multivariate regression revealed no association between BT and poor outcome. In conclusion, in a non-027 setting, we found that most BT isolates were 078/126 and were not associated with poor outcome.
Quantitative Evaluation for Uncertainty of Information About Patients’ Injury Severity in a Hospital Disaster: A Simulation Study Using Shannon’s Information Theory
Authors: Ajimi Yasuhiko , Sasaki Masaru , Uchida Yasuyuki , Gakumazawa Masayasu , Sasaki Katsunori , Fujita Takashi , Sakamoto Tetsuya
Published: June 2015

Introduction

Reducing uncertainty about information on injury severity or number of patients is an important concern in managing equipment and rescue personnel in a disaster setting. A simplified disaster model was designed using Shannon’s Information Theory to study the uncertainty of information in a triage scenario.

Hypothesis

A disaster triage scene with a specific number of injured patients represents a source of information regarding the extent of patients’ disability. It is possible to quantify uncertainty of information regarding patients’ incapacity as entropy if the information source and information arising from the source in Information Theory can be adapted to the disaster situation and the information on patients’ incapacity that arises.

Methods

Five different scenarios of a fire disaster in a hospital were modeled. Information on patients’ extent of impairment was converted to numerical values in relation to available equipment and the number of rescue personnel. Victims were 10 hospitalized patients with conditions of unknown severity. Triage criteria were created arbitrarily and consisted of four categories from Level 1 (able to walk) to Level 4 (cardiac arrest). The five situations were as follows: (1) Case 1: no triage officer; (2) Case 2: one triage officer; (3) Case 3: one triage officer and a message that six patients could walk; (4) Case 4: one triage officer and a message that all patients could obey commands; and (5) Case 5: one triage officer and a message that all patients could walk. Entropy in all cases and the amount of information newly given in Cases 2 through 5 were calculated.

Results

Entropies in Cases 1 through 5 were 5.49, 2.00, 1.60, 1.00, and 0.00 bits/symbol, respectively. These values depict the uncertainty of probability of the triage categories arising in each situation. The amount of information for the triage was calculated as 3.49 bits (ie, 5.49 minus 2.00). In the same manner, the amount of information for the messages in Cases 3 through 5 was calculated as 0.4, 1.0, and 2.0 bits, respectively. These amounts of information indicate a reduction in uncertainty regarding the probability of the triage levels arising.

Conclusion

It was possible to quantify uncertainty of information about the extent of disability in patients at a triage location and to evaluate reduction of the uncertainty by using entropy based on Shannon’s Information Theory.

AjimiY, SasakiM, UchidaY, GakumazawaM, SasakiK, FujitaT, SakamotoT. Quantitative evaluation for uncertainty of information about patients’ injury severity in a hospital disaster: a simulation study using Shannon’s Information Theory. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(4):1-4.
IS THE SOCIAL SECURITY CRISIS REALLY AS BAD AS WE THINK?
Authors: Bagchi Shantanu
Published: June 2015

Because they ignore the household-level and macroeconomic adjustments associated with longevity improvements, the actuarial projections of the Social Security Administration overestimate the Social Security crisis. Using a general-equilibrium model with heterogeneous households and incomplete markets, I show that with these adjustments accounted for, a significantly smaller decline in benefits is needed to balance the Social Security budget. Households respond by delaying retirement and Social Security benefit collection, by working more hours, and by also saving more. In general equilibrium, these effects lead to a natural expansion of Social Security's tax base and generate significant delayed retirement credits, which the actuarial estimates completely overlook.
BUY NATIONAL AND THE BUSINESS CYCLE
Authors: Larch Mario , Lechthaler Wolfgang
Published: June 2015

By concentrating a stimulus on the domestic economy, Buy National clauses are argued to lead to higher fiscal multipliers. We show that this argument falls short. Although it is true that domestic demand for domestic goods is increased, at the same time foreign demand for domestic goods is reduced by adverse changes in the real exchange rate. The two effects are of similar magnitude, so that Buy National clauses do not lead to a stronger stimulus to GDP. Apart from that, restricting the stimulus to domestic products makes the stimulus more expensive, because cheap foreign products are ignored. Consequently, real public consumption is lowered by Buy National clauses.
Deep Inspiration Breath Hold for left-sided breast cancer: experience from the patient’s perspective
Authors: Mc Parland Neil , Nica Luminita , Soo Jenny , Menna Tara
Published: June 2015

Introduction

The dosimetric benefits of Deep Inspiration Breath Hold (DIBH) in reducing cardiac dose are well documented, however reports on the patient’s personal experience with this technique are limited. The purpose of this research is to investigate DIBH from the patient’s perspective and to provide recommendations to further improve the patient experience.

Materials and methods

A questionnaire was used to record the patient’s comprehension of DIBH instructions and preparation for treatment. Levels of comfort, confidence and technical challenge were also recorded and an open-format question allowed patients to provide suggestions to improve the DIBH experience.

Results

The majority of patients do not find it difficult to hold their breath at the correct level during DIBH and confidence levels regarding ability to follow instructions are good. Comprehension of instructions, preparation to perform DIBH and treatment position comfort levels were universally graded positively.

Conclusion

The majority of patients reported a strong level of comprehension and preparation that allows them to confidently perform DIBH as planned. Establishment of a dedicated treatment team, consistent patient instructions, regular feedback and an opportunity to rehearse DIBH can help increase patient confidence and reduce anxiety.
IDYLL 7AND THEHYMN TO HERMES
Authors: Rudoni Elia R.
Published: June 2015

Simichidas' self-presentation as a poet at Theocritus 7.37 is modelled on Apollo's self-presentation as a musician atHomeric Hymn to Hermes450. Through this allusion, in his own Dichterweihe as a bucolic poet Simichidas hints at the invention of the bucolic genre by Hermes. The reference is crafted so as to point self-reflexively to its status as reference; in particular, the expression καὶ γὰρ ἐγώ (‘I too’) of line 37 functions as an intertextual signpost. If Simichidas is a literary projection of Theocritus, the allusion has important implications for our understanding of his self-positioning within the poetical tradition.
Advanced lumped-element filters for digital microwave power amplifiers
Authors: Martinez Mendoza Monica , Wentzel Andreas , Alvarez Melcon Alejandro , Heinrich Wolfgang
Published: June 2015

In this paper, two compact lumped-element band pass reconstruction filters for digital microwave power amplifiers applications in the800 MHzband are presented. The filters, based on the trisection and quartet topologies, include cross-couplings which produce transmission zeros for maximum selectivity, and can be designed with practical element values. In contrast to common filter designs the input impedance characteristic is optimized broadband to values different from50 Ω, as required for proper amplifier operation. Both filters achieve an insertion loss of around0.8 dBand an equiripple bandwidth of240 MHz (trisection)and290 MHz (quartet), respectively, with improved out-of-band suppression. Results show that a considerable improvement in amplifier linearity and efficiency can be obtained with the new proposed filters, as compared with simpler filters traditionally used in power amplifier applications.
Fetal programming of overweight through the microbiome: boys are disproportionately affected
Authors: Kozyrskyj A. L. , Kalu R. , Koleva P. T. , Bridgman S. L.
Published: June 2015

Maternal and childhood obesity in pregnancy are worrisome public health issues facing our world today. New gene sequencing methods have advanced our knowledge of the disruptive effect of birth interventions and postnatal exposures on the maturation of gut microbiota and immunity during infancy. Yet, little is known about the impact of maternal pregnancy overweight on gut microbes and related processes, and how this may affect overweight risk in offspring. To address this gap in knowledge, we surveyed human studies for evidence in children, infants and pregnant women to piece together the limited literature and generate hypotheses for future investigation. From this literature, we learned that higher Lactobacillus yet lower Bacteroides spp. colonization of gut microbiota within 3 months of birth predicted risk for infant and child overweight. The abundance of bifidobacteria and staphylococci also appeared to play a role in the association with overweight, as did infant fecal immunoglobulin A levels, glycoproteins of the gut immune system that are acquired from breast milk and produced by the infant. We proposed that pregnancy overweight influences the compositional structure of gut microbiota in infants through vertical transfer of microbiota and/or their metabolites during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding. Finally, we brought forward emerging evidence on sex dimorphism, as well as ethnic and geographic variation, in reported associations between maternal overweight-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and overweight risk.
Development of a Short Form of the Personality Styles and Disorder	Inventory (PSDI-6)
Authors: Hain Sarah , Schermelleh-Engel Karin , Freitag Christine , Louwen Frank , Oddo Silvia
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The original Personality Styles and Disorder Inventory (PSDI) consists of 140 items capturing the non-pathological equivalents of 14 personality disorders (PDs) listed in DSM-III-R, DSM-IV-TR, and ICD-10. Because the DSM-5 proposes only six PDs in its research section and completing the PSDI is very time-consuming, a questionnaire capturing these six PDs with a smaller number of items would be desirable. Therefore, the short version PSDI-6 measuring each of the six PDs with six items was developed. Methods: Items were selected by means of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), using a calibration sample of nonclinical pregnant women. Measurement invariance of the PSDI-6 was demonstrated by CFA of multisample models in two independent samples. The PSDI-6 demonstrated acceptable internal consistency, factorial validity, and factorial invariance. Correlations with perfectionism, anxiety, and depression provided preliminary evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Because our sample was limited to pregnant women, further studies should investigate the PSDI-6 in other clinical contexts.
Comparing the Mathematics Continuous Performance Test With Other	Measures of Tests of Attention
Authors: Lufi Dubi , Pan Shachar
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Several studies have shown that Continuous Performance Tests (CPT) can diagnose Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) better than other tests. Research reporting comparisons of two or more CPT-type tests is scarce. The purpose of the study was to compare the Mathematics Continuous Performance Test (MATH-CPT) with another CPT-type test (CPT II) and a questionnaire (the Brown Scale). The comparison was carried out by looking at correlations among subscales and checking the precision of detecting ADHD. Ninety-five high school and college students participated in the study, 41 with ADHD were the research group and 54 were the control group. The participants performed the two tests and answered the questionnaire. The results showed that the MATH-CPT correctly identified 74.50% of the participants of both groups as compared to the 71.60% of the CPT II. Correlations between the two CPT-type tests were moderate; however, they were similar to correlations found in other studies comparing similar tools. The MATH-CPT, final attention formula, showed significant correlations with the Brown scales, while the CPT II, confidence index associated with ADHD assessment, showed nonsignificant correlations with the questionnaire. The study indicated that MATH-CPT can be used with a clinical population of ADHD and for research purposes.
Testing the Incremental Value of a Separate Measure for Secure	Attachment Relative to a Measure for Attachment Anxiety and	Avoidance
Authors: Brenning Katrijn , Soenens Bart , Braet Caroline
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Research on attachment in middle childhood and early adolescence has typically relied on either unidimensional measures of attachment security (vs. insecurity) or on differentiated measures of attachment anxiety and avoidance. This study addressed the question whether there is a need to add an explicit measure of security when operationalizing parent-child attachment in terms of anxiety and avoidance. Both dimensional (i.e., regression analyses) and person-centered analyses (i.e., cluster analysis) are used in this study (N = 276, 53% boys, mean age = 10.66) to examine the incremental value of a scale for attachment security (in this study, the Security Scale) in addition to a scale for attachment anxiety and avoidance (in this study, the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Revised – Child version; ECR-RC). The present results suggest that an assessment of anxious and avoidant attachment (using the ECR-RC) may suffice to capture the quality of parent-child attachment in middle childhood and early adolescence.
Mindful Attention Awareness in Spanish Palliative Care	Professionals
Authors: Galiana Laura , Oliver Amparo , Sansó Noemí , Dolores Sancerni M. , Tomás José M.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Mindfulness is conceived as a state in which the individual pays full attention to everything that is happening around him or her. The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) is the most popular instrument for assessing mindfulness. Studies on its structure have shown some conflicting results. This study aims to offer new evidence on the dimensionality and reliability of the MAAS, handling both SEM and IRT procedures, in palliative professionals. The sample was composed of 385 professionals from a national online survey. First, two Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFAs) were specified, estimated, and tested, with one- and two-factor structures, respectively. Second, the Graded Response Model (GRM) was used and accuracy of the MAAS using information functions was estimated. Results showed appropriate fit for the two CFA models. As the correlation between the two factors in the two-factor model was extremely high and the original authors posited a one-factor solution, this structure was retained for parsimony. The GRM also supported this structure, but found that the scale offered more information on professionals with lower levels of mindfulness, pointing at items 1, 2, 6, and 15 as the less discriminative, in line with the CFA lower factor loadings for these very same items.
Assessing Perceived Ability to Cope With Trauma
Authors: Bosmans Mark W.G. , Komproe Ivan H. , van Loey Nancy E. , van der Knaap Leontien M. , Benight Charles C. , van der Velden Peter G.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Aim of the present study was to examine the construct validity of the trauma-related coping self-efficacy (CSE) scale. While assessing the psychometric properties of this 20-item scale among four different samples (514 victims of disaster, 1325 bereaved individuals, 512 victims of acute critical incidents, 169 severe burn victims), we found no measurement equivalence across groups. A shortened version was composed using only those items that were applicable to all types of potentially traumatic events (PTEs). In contrast to the CSE-20, the CSE-7 has a robust factor structure; factor structure and factor loadings were similar across study samples, indicating that it measured the same construct across different PTEs. These results offer strong support for cross-event construct validity of the CSE-7. Associations of the CSE-7 with posttraumatic stress symptoms showed the same pattern as with the CSE-20, indicating that the reduction in items did not diminish the scales’ power to predict posttraumatic stress.
Emotional Responses to Social Comparisons in Reality Television	Programming
Authors: Lewis Nicky , Weaver Andrew J.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. In recent years, the viewing of reality television has become increasingly prevalent among television audiences. However, little is known about the psychological processes at work when viewing these programs. This study examined how social comparisons to cast members influenced emotional responses to reality television programming. Participants (N = 231) were cued with a specific comparison target group and placed in a situation of self-image enhancement or threat. Afterwards, participants watched a clip from a reality television program and then reported their emotional reactions to it. The manipulations of comparison target group and self-image affected both the direction of social comparisons made and their associated emotional responses. Participant gender also influenced social comparisons to the cast members and resulting emotional responses to the content. Although we were unable to compare the social comparison-related emotional responses to reality programs with those of scripted programs, the results of this study bring to bear the associations between specific emotional responses and the types of social comparisons that take place when watching reality television programming.
Postdoctoral Fellows’ Developmental Trajectories in Becoming Pediatric Primary Care Psychologists
Authors: Talmi Ayelet , Lovell Jennifer L. , Herbst Rachel Becker , Margolis Kathryn L. , Muther Emily F. , Buchholz Melissa
Published: June 2015

Pediatric primary care (PPC) settings provide optimal contexts for pediatric psychologists to deliver behavioral health services, including health promotion, prevention, early identification, and intervention. Policy statements and recommendations detail mental health competencies for PPC and delineate competencies for primary care psychology, providing a roadmap for training and preparing pediatric psychologists to work in primary care settings. This article focuses on the developmental progression of professionalism in postdoctoral fellowship training in PPC psychology. Using the Professionalism Cluster of the training competencies in pediatric psychology ( Palermo et al., 2014 ), we apply the competencies to fellowship activities and provide examples of behavioral anchors that demonstrate readiness for independent practice. Project CLIMB (Consultation Liaison In Mental Health and Behavior) is an integrated behavioral health services program embedded in an urban, pediatric residency teaching clinic located at a regional children’s hospital within a large university system. Postdoctoral fellows train in 1 of 2 tracks, general PPC or early childhood mental health in PPC. Fellows engage in clinical care, scholarly activities, training and education, and professional development efforts under the supervision of pediatric psychologists. Goal setting, continuous evaluation, and reflection facilitate fellows’ preparation for independent practice. The Project CLIMB fellowship model illustrates the potential of training within PPC settings to cultivate competent and skilled pediatric psychologists.
Self-Reported Psychosocial Consequences of Testifying in a War Crimes Tribunal in Sierra Leone
Authors: Stepakoff Shanee , Reynolds G. Shawn , Charters Simon
Published: June 2015

Interviews were conducted with 147 witnesses (109 men, 38 women) after they had testified in the Special Court for Sierra Leone, a tribunal jointly established by the United Nations and the Sierra Leonean government to prosecute individuals accused of bearing the greatest responsibility for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the country’s civil war. Participants were asked to describe changes, for better or worse, they had experienced since testifying. Responses were examined using content analysis. More than 4 of 5 witnesses described the consequences of testifying as primarily positive (vs. negative or neutral). Further, more than 3 times as many positive as negative consequences were mentioned. The benefit mentioned most often was a feeling of having unburdened oneself. About 1 in 5 witnesses reported that testifying had resulted in long-term reductions in sadness, anxiety, anger, and/or intrusive posttraumatic stress symptoms. A small minority of witnesses portrayed the psychosocial consequences of testifying as primarily negative. Also, approximately 1 in 5 respondents mentioned concerns about safety, and 1 in 10 reported deterioration in a social relationship. Victims mentioned different types of consequences, and a greater number of positive consequences, than nonvictim witnesses. In contrast to the view that testifying about atrocities is inherently retraumatizing, the vast majority of respondents did not report retraumatization from having testified. Further, most respondents reported that testifying had yielded important psychosocial rewards.
Experimental evidence of new tetragonal polymorphs of silicon formed through ultrafast laser-induced confined microexplosion
Authors: Rapp L. , Haberl B. , Pickard C.J. , Bradby J.E. , Gamaly E.G. , Williams J.S. , Rode A.V.
Published: June 2015

Ordinary materials can transform into novel phases at extraordinary high pressure and temperature. The recently developed method of ultrashort laser-induced confined microexplosions initiates a non-equilibrium disordered plasma state. Ultra-high quenching rates overcome kinetic barriers to the formation of new metastable phases, which are preserved in the surrounding pristine crystal for subsequent exploitation. Here we demonstrate that confined microexplosions in silicon produce several metastable end phases. Comparison with an ab initio random structure search reveals six energetically competitive potential phases, four tetragonal and two monoclinic structures. We show the presence of bt8 and st12, which have been predicted theoretically previously, but have not been observed in nature or in laboratory experiments. In addition, the presence of the as yet unidentified silicon phase, Si-VIII and two of our other predicted tetragonal phases are highly likely within laser-affected zones. These findings may pave the way for new materials with novel and exotic properties.
Complex structural dynamics of nanocatalysts revealed in Operando conditions by correlated imaging and spectroscopy probes
Authors: Li Y. , Zakharov D. , Zhao S. , Tappero R. , Jung U. , Elsen A. , Baumann Ph. , Nuzzo R.G. , Stach E.A. , Frenkel A.I.
Published: June 2015

Understanding how heterogeneous catalysts change size, shape and structure during chemical reactions is limited by the paucity of methods for studying catalytic ensembles in working state, that is, in operando conditions. Here by a correlated use of synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy in operando conditions, we quantitatively describe the complex structural dynamics of supported Pt catalysts exhibited during an exemplary catalytic reaction—ethylene hydrogenation. This work exploits a microfabricated catalytic reactor compatible with both probes. The results demonstrate dynamic transformations of the ensemble of Pt clusters that spans a broad size range throughout changing reaction conditions. This method is generalizable to quantitative operando studies of complex systems using a wide variety of X-ray and electron-based experimental probes.
Pliocene cooling enhanced by flow of low-salinity Bering Sea water to the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Horikawa Keiji , Martin Ellen E. , Basak Chandranath , Onodera Jonaotaro , Seki Osamu , Sakamoto Tatsuhiko , Ikehara Minoru , Sakai Saburo , Kawamura Kimitaka
Published: June 2015

Warming of high northern latitudes in the Pliocene (5.33–2.58 Myr ago) has been linked to the closure of the Central American Seaway and intensification of North Atlantic Deep Water. Subsequent cooling in the late Pliocene may be related to the effects of freshwater input from the Arctic Ocean via the Bering Strait, disrupting North Atlantic Deep Water formation and enhancing sea ice formation. However, the timing of Arctic freshening has not been defined. Here we present neodymium and lead isotope records of detrital sediment from the Bering Sea for the past 4.3 million years. Isotopic data suggest the presence of Alaskan glaciers as far back as 4.2 Myr ago, while diatom and C37:4 alkenone records show a long-term trend towards colder and fresher water in the Bering Sea beginning with the M2 glaciation (3.3 Myr ago). We argue that the introduction of low-salinity Bering Sea water to the Arctic Ocean by 3.3 Myr ago preconditioned the climate system for global cooling.
In Vivo Fluorescence Immunohistochemistry: Localization of Fluorescently Labeled Cetuximab in Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: de Boer Esther , Warram Jason M. , Tucker Matthew D. , Hartman Yolanda E. , Moore Lindsay S. , de Jong Johannes S. , Chung Thomas K. , Korb Melissa L. , Zinn Kurt R. , van Dam Gooitzen M. , Rosenthal Eben L. , Brandwein-Gensler Margaret S.
Published: June 2015

Anti-EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) antibody based treatment strategies have been successfully implemented in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Unfortunately, predicting an accurate and reliable therapeutic response remains a challenge on a per-patient basis. Although significant efforts have been invested in understanding EGFR-mediated changes in cell signaling related to treatment efficacy, the delivery and histological localization in (peri-)tumoral compartments of antibody-based therapeutics in human tumors is poorly understood nor ever made visible. In this first in-human study of a systemically administered near-infrared (NIR) fluorescently labeled therapeutic antibody, cetuximab-IRDye800CW (2.5 mg/m2, 25 mg/m2and 62.5 mg/m2), we show that by optical molecular imaging (i.e. denominated asIn vivoFluorescence Immunohistochemistry) we were able to evaluate localization of fluorescently labeled cetuximab. Clearly, optical molecular imaging with fluorescently labeled antibodies correlating morphological (peri-)tumoral characteristics to levels of antibody delivery, may improve treatment paradigms based on understanding true tumoral antibody delivery.