bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing the aggregated effects of purifying selection per individual on 1,380 medical phenotypes in the UK Biobank
Authors: Vy Ha My T. , Jordan Daniel M. , Balick Daniel J. , Do Ron
Published: January 2021

Understanding the relationship between natural selection and phenotypic variation has been a long-standing challenge in human population genetics. With the emergence of biobank-scale datasets, along with new statistical metrics to approximate strength of purifying selection at the variant level, it is now possible to correlate a proxy of individual relative fitness with a range of medical phenotypes. We calculated a per-individual deleterious load score by summing the total number of derived alleles per individual after incorporating a weight that approximates strength of purifying selection. We assessed four methods for the weight, including GERP, phyloP, CADD, and fitcons. By quantitatively tracking each of these scores with the site frequency spectrum, we identified phyloP as the most appropriate weight. The phyloP-weighted load score was then calculated across 15,129,142 variants in 335,161 individuals from the UK Biobank and tested for association on 1,380 medical phenotypes. After accounting for multiple test correction, we observed a strong association of the load score amongst coding sites only on 27 traits including body mass, adiposity and metabolic rate. We further observed that the association signals were driven by common variants (derived allele frequency > 5%) with high phyloP score (phyloP > 2). Finally, through permutation analyses, we showed that the load score amongst coding sites had an excess of nominally significant associations on many medical phenotypes. These results suggest a broad impact of deleterious load on medical phenotypes and highlight the deleterious load score as a tool to disentangle the complex relationship between natural selection and medical phenotypes.
Furin cleavage of SARS-CoV-2 Spike promotes but is not essential for infection and cell-cell fusion
Authors: Papa Guido , Mallery Donna L. , Albecka Anna , Welch Lawrence G. , Cattin-Ortolá Jérôme , Luptak Jakub , Paul David , McMahon Harvey T. , Goodfellow Ian G. , Carter Andrew , Munro Sean , James Leo C.
Published: January 2021

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects cells by binding to the host cell receptor ACE2 and undergoing virus-host membrane fusion. Fusion is triggered by the protease TMPRSS2, which processes the viral Spike (S) protein to reveal the fusion peptide. SARS-CoV-2 has evolved a multibasic site at the S1-S2 boundary, which is thought to be cleaved by furin in order to prime S protein for TMPRSS2 processing. Here we show that CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of furin reduces, but does not prevent, the production of infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus. Comparing S processing in furin knockout cells to multibasic site mutants reveals that while loss of furin substantially reduces S1-S2 cleavage it does not prevent it. SARS-CoV-2 S protein also mediates cell-cell fusion, potentially allowing virus to spread virion-independently. We show that loss of furin in either donor or acceptor cells reduces, but does not prevent, TMPRSS2-dependent cell-cell fusion, unlike mutation of the multibasic site that completely prevents syncytia formation. Our results show that while furin promotes both SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and cell-cell spread it is not essential, suggesting furin inhibitors may reduce but not abolish viral spread.
El dogmatismo de los literatos
Authors: Sarrión Andaluz José , López Arnal Salvador
Published: January 2021

A través del presente trabajo se recupera un artículo caído en el olvido del filósofo español Francisco Fernández Buey, que fue publicado originalmente en la revista clandestina Realidad, en 1967. El texto es una interesante muestra del debate estético y político que se producía en el marxismo de la época. A lo largo del texto el autor trata la relación de los escritores y artistas con el compromiso político, desplegando temáticas propias de la época tales como el realismo o la profesionalización del artista. Los editores han trufado el texto original con Notas de Edición a fin de contextualizar el escrito original, y han realizado una labor comparativa entre la versión enviada para su publicación y la que finalmente se publicó clandestinamente, señalando las diferencias entre ambas versiones, diferencias que en ocasiones son sustanciales y muy indicativas de las propias discusiones internas del antifranquismo.
Un ejemplo de reaccionarismo católico contra la heterodoxia ilustrada en la España de finales del XVIII: la novela El impío por vanidad del padre Martínez Colomer
Authors: Muñoz de Morales Galiana Javier
Published: January 2021

El padre Vicente Martínez Colomer es uno de los novelistas españoles de finales del xviii mejor valorados por la crítica, sobre todo por su novela El Valdemaro. No obstante, otra de sus narraciones, El impío por vanidad, es también interesante en tanto que supone un ejemplo muy evidente de la ideología más habitual entre los intelectuales más reaccionarios de la época. Por aquel entonces, buena parte de la filosofía ilustrada comenzaba a atacar algunos de los principales dogmas del catolicismo; la novela El impío por vanidad vendría a ser un intento de reaccionar contra la vertiente más heterodoxa de la Ilustración. Para ello, el autor se sirve del sentimentalismo típico de la narrativa de la época utilizado, de una manera más bien sensacionalista, con el objeto de provocar espanto en el lector hacia las nuevas corrientes de pensamiento.
Prevalence and phenotypic characterization of Salmonella enterica isolates from three species of wild marine turtles in Grenada, West Indies
Authors: Edwards Jonnel J. , Amadi Victor A. , Soto Esteban , Jay-Russel Michele T. , Aminabadi Peiman , Kenelty Kirsten , Charles Kate , Arya Gitanjali , Mistry Ketna , Nicholas Roxanne , Butler Brian P. , Marancik David
Published: January 2021

Background and Aim: Salmonella enterica causes enteric disease in mammals and may potentially be transmitted from marine turtles that shed the pathogen in the environment. Marine turtle-associated human salmonellosis is a potential public health concern in Grenada, as the island supports populations of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea), hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata), and green turtles (Chelonia mydas) that interface with veterinarians and conservation workers, the local population, and the thousands of visitors that frequent the island yearly. To date, the prevalence of S. enterica has only been examined in a small subset of marine turtles in the Caribbean and no studies have been conducted in Grenada. The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence of S. enterica in leatherback, hawksbill and green turtles in Grenada, characterize phenotypes and DNA profiles, and explore the potential risk to human health in the region.

Materials and Methods: A total of 102 cloacal swabs were obtained from nesting leatherback turtles and foraging hawksbill and green turtles. Samples were cultured on enrichment and selective media and isolates were phenotypically characterized using serotyping, pulsed-phase gel electrophoresis, and antibiotic susceptibility. Enrichment broths were additionally screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using S. enterica-specific primers.

Results: S. enterica was cultured from 15/57 (26.3%) leatherback turtles, 0/28 hawksbill, and 0/17 green turtles. This included S. enterica serovars Montevideo, S. I:4,5,12:i:-, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Newport, S. I:6,7:-:-, and S. I:4,5,12:-:-. Five/15 leatherback turtles carried multiple serovars. Eight pulsotype groups were identified with multiple clustering; however, there was no clear association between pulsotype group and serotype profile. Five/71 isolates showed resistance to streptomycin or ampicillin. Twenty-one/57 leatherback turtles, 14/28 hawksbill turtles, and 8/17 green turtles tested positive for S. enterica by quantitative PCR.

Conclusion: Nesting leatherback turtles actively shed S. enterica and poses a risk for zoonosis; however, the presence of viable pathogen in green and hawksbill species is unclear. These findings help elucidate the role of marine turtles as potential sources of zoonotic S. enterica and provide baseline data for one health research in Grenada and the wider Caribbean region.
Adatbányászati alkalmazások lehetőségei egy multinacionális vállalat magyarországi leányvállalatának információs rendszerében (Opportunities of datamining applications in the information system of a multinational company’s Hungarian subsidiary)
Authors: Benedek Gábor , Hegedűs András , Pataki Attila , Szabó Dániel
Published: January 2021

A tanulmány Magyarország egyik legnagyobb foglalkoztatójának megrendelésére készült abból a célból, hogy milyen megoldásokkal lehetne a vállalati működést hatékonyabbá tenni. Ennek keretében a szerzők megvizsgálták, hol tart ma a HR adatbányászati kutatás a világban. Milyen eszközök állnak rendelkezésre ahhoz, hogy a munkavállalói elmenetelt előre jelezzék, illetve figyeljék, valamint milyen lehetőség van a hálózati kutatások felhasználására a biztonság területén. Szerencsés, hogy a vállalkozói kérdések és erőforrások találkozhattak a kutatói szféra aktuális kutatási területeivel. A tanulmány szerzői úgy gondolják, hogy a cikkben megfogalmazott állítások, következtetések, eredmények a jövőben hasznosíthatók lesznek a vállalat és más cégek számára is. _____ The authors were pleased to take part in this research project initiated by one of Hungary’s largest employer. The goal of the project was to work out BI solutions to improve upon their business process. In the framework of the project first the authors made a survey on the current trends in the world of HR datamining. They reviewed the available tools for the prediction of employee promotion and investigated the question on how to utilize results achieved in social network analysis in the field of enterprise security. When real business problems and resources meet the mainstream research of the scientific community it is always a fortunate and it is rather fruitful. The authors are certain that the results published in this document will be beneficial for Foxconn in the near future. Of course, they are not done. There are continually new research perspectives opening up and huge amount of information is accumulating in the enterprises just waiting for getting discovered and analysed. Also the environment in which an enterprise operates is dynamically changing and thus the company faces new challenges and new type of business problems arise. The authors are in the hope that their research experience will help decision makers also in the future to solve real world business problems.
The impact of location variables on the modelling and forecasting of capital expenditure for hyperscale datacenters
Authors: King David
Published: January 2021

Abstract

The digital age and the growth of the internet is increasing exponentially each year, this has created a need for facilities to house and store the data generated. Examples of the data generated are such items such as images, film libraries such as Netflix and Prime Video along withinternet search data.

The facility to house this information is a data center. A data centeris a building (or self-contained unit within a building) used to house computing equipment such as servers along with associated components such as telecommunications, network and storage systems.

This growth in demand has required data centerproviders to expand into new countries, often at very short notice.

Research Design

The research design will likely use a positivist paradigm with a deductive approach, combining predictive theory and action research theory using a multivariate linear regression technique.

The Data will be collected using closed questionnaires, publicly available data and industry data analysed in a quantitative method with a cross sectional timeline.

Research Findings

Variables will be established and analysed to understand the weighting of each variable and its impact on capital expenditure.

Research Conclusions

The conclusion is expected to be a model where input location variables are used to predict the capital expenditure for the construction of hyperscale data centers.

This will benefit data centerowners, developers and fund providers when assessing the value of capital expenditure required as a decision for investment in selecting a site location fora hyperscale data center.
Singing about suicidal behaviors: An analysis of Spanish Punk Music (1981-2010)
Authors: Pavez Fabián , Jenkin Gabrielle , Marset Pedro , Collings Sunny
Published: January 2021

Introduction and Objectives. The exploration of popular attitudes to suicide by investigating their depictions in art has been defended in literature on the grounds that suicide is not simply a 'medical problem'. The complex nature of suicide is deeply embedded and mirrored in social, cultural, and historical narratives. This study describes the frequency of references to suicidal behavior in the song lyrics of Spanish punk bands, between 1981-2010. The results are compared with published studies of other musical genres.

Methods. Discographies of the most representative punk bands in Spain, between 1981 and 2010, were reviewed. Instrumental songs and those sung in languages other than Spanish were excluded. Contents of song lyrics were analyzed looking for references to suicidal behaviors, defined as: non-suicidal self-injuries, suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts and suicide. Main outcome measures: Frequency of references over the entire period.

Results. Of 2,995 songs studied (2.64%, n=79) alluded to suicide-related behavior (only one reference to non-suicidal self-injuries).

Discussion. Depictions of suicide in music are scarcely studied. Frequency of references to suicidal behavior in lyrics of Spanish punk songs are far below those described in a previous study addressing depictions of completed suicides, non-fatal suicide and suicidal thought in 337 Western operas written between 1607 and 2006 (2.64% vs 33%). Our understanding of the social meanings of suicide in music would be greatly facilitated by the replication of these studies to other musical genres and languages. This would allow for comparisons to illuminate common themes and nuanced differences between genres and languages.
THE OLDEST UNDERGROUND RAILWAYS IN THE WORLD AND THEIR ANNIVERSARIES
Authors: Barták Jiří
Published: January 2021

The five oldest underground railways started to be operational in the 19th century. These were the metros in London, Athens, Istanbul, Budapest and Glasgow. Undoubtedly, world primacy of status in terms of age belongs to the London Underground. However, the age ranking of the others in continental Europe is more difficult to determine. Regardless of this criteria, the undergrounds of the 19th century became the basis of the world’s most widespread and rational means of public transport. The further development of these named oldest undergrounds is here documented.
BIM – AN APPLICATION IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
Authors: Vaníček Ivan , Pruška Jan , Jirásko Daniel
Published: January 2021

BIM model represents a significant step forward within the frame of the overall process of construction. This new approach goes from the assumption that up to date praxis, which is represented by different sets of 2D or 3D drawings of drawings, technical reports and calculations does not cover all problems of the above mentioned overall process of construction. Basic principles of BIM will be discussed, not only from the view of 3D models of the structure design. The utilization of the BIM model during life time structure expectancy will be stressed - from the initial phase (investigation, design) via the phase of structure execution, maintenance and ending with structure demolition at the end of life time expectancy. Specificity of the geotechnical engineering is in this entire process fundamental, as each construction is in the interaction with ground. 3D model of the ground (geotechnical model) is therefore one of the basic individual parametric elements from which BIM model consist. Ground model is time dependant as geological profile and geotechnical properties are refinement during each phase of ground investigation as well during geotechnical structure construction. Final 3D Ground model together with 3D model of geotechnical structure represents a first significant step of the overall BIM model. In the case of underground or earth structures such output can be primordial element of the BIM model with parametric elements around it. Finally some other possibilities or practical applications are mentioned.
Financial Literacy among the Millennial Generation: Relationships between Knowledge, Skills, Attitude, and Behavior
Authors: Dewi Vera , Febrian Erie , Effendi Nury , Anwar Mokhamad
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the level of financial literacy among the millennial generation and to examine the correlation of their financial knowledge, financial attitude, and financial skills with their financial behavior. Multiple choice questions were used to measure financial knowledge with results grouped into three categories: low, moderate, and high. Financial attitude, financial skills, and financial behavior were also grouped using the quartile method into three categories: poor, fair, and good. Chi-squared analysis was used to test the hypotheses, with correspondence analysis conducted to identify the characteristics of the millennial generation and to graphically illustrate the gap. Regarding financial attitude, financial skills, and financial behavior, the proportions of respondents in the 'fair' category, were 70.6%, 66.5%, and 72.2%, respectively. Significant relationships were found not only between financial attitude and financial management behavior, but also between financial skills and financial management behavior. However, the relationship was not significant between financial knowledge and financial behavior.
The Usefulness of Analysts’ Target Prices to Foreign Institutional Investors: U.S. Evidence
Authors: Al-Dmour Ahmed , Zaidan Hala , Alnatour Abdulrahman
Published: January 2021

This paper investigates whether foreign institutional investors in the United States earn future returns by responding to analysts target price revisions. to examine this issue, this study is using firm fixed effect and industry fixed effect regression in order to examine the effect of using analyst’s target price revisions on future abnormal return for foreign institutional investors. We used 51,427 firm-quarter observations between 2003 and 2013 in the U.S. equity market. Different robust approaches were used to proxy foreign institutional trading. We find a positive and significant increase in foreign institutional ownership in response to a positive change in analysts’ target prices, which predict positive stock returns. The results are robust to controlling for other analysts’ outputs, such as revisions to their earnings’ forecasts and stock recommendations, in addition to other determinants of institutional trading. These results are also robust using different measures of institutional trading. In addition, the results show that foreign institutional trading based on target prices’ revisions is more pronounced in firms with high information asymmetry. The results show that foreign institutional investors rely more on analysts in small firms and firms with low analyst coverage.
Peter Sloterdijk’s Technopolitics. How Technology Redesigns the Environment and the Polis
Authors: Della Torre Cecilia
Published: January 2021

This paper will analyse the role played by technology in Peter Sloterdijk’s theory, where he seeks to redefine and reconstruct ethics, society and democracy. Indeed, the philosopher’s project is to build a new kind of society, which risks being antidemocratic and elitist: technopolitics. This lemma refers to Sloterdijk’s reconfiguration of the social structure through the elimination of the human rights paradigm in a technological and anti-egalitarian manner. In order to do this, Sloterdijk redesigns the environment as a dangerous place whose rules cannot be followed, and which must be reshaped through technology. Hence, the philosopher reduces ethics to technology, and reinterprets society on the basis of new techno-ethical premises which support a hierarchical and selective new polis.
La accesoriedad cualitativa de la participación
Authors: Martínez-Buján Pérez Carlos
Published: January 2021

Se analiza la accesoriedad cualitativa de la participación a partir de las novedosas premisas que ofrece la concepción significativa de la acción, elaborada primigeniamente por VIVES ANTÓN, que comporta extraer unas consecuencias que se apartan de las obtenidas por la doctrina y jurisprudencia mayoritarias. En particular, se propone una renuncia no solo a la accesoriedad limitada, sino también a la accesoriedad mínima subjetiva. Se acoge el criterio de la accesoriedad mínima objetiva (accesoriedad lógico-gramatical) y se explican las consecuencias que se derivan de ello. Asimismo, se analiza la cuestión del mantenimiento de un tipo de acción común para autor y partícipe, sin perjuicio de la exigencia de un ataque autónomo del partícipe al bien jurídico, plasmada en un especial elemento subjetivo de la participación.  Finalmente, se examina su admisibilidad en el Código penal español
Informe final: Narrar y comunicar la paz: continuidades y fracturas en los acuerdos de paz en los territorios caucanos de Caldono y Belalcázar
Authors: Pablo Felipe Gómez Montañez , Clara Victoria Meza Maya , Fredy Leonardo Reyes Albarracín
Published: January 2021

Se trata de un proyecto colaborativo, experimental e itinerante que, a través de una metodología etnográfica, busca entender, desde las texturas y narrativas, las formas como las comunidades indígenas nasa de dos territorios caucanos experimentan en la vida cotidiana la construcción de paz, teniendo como elemento transversal la implementación de los acuerdos de La Habana. Nos interesa entender, en las texturas y las narrativas, los modos cómo las comunidades apuestan por acciones de paz en pequeña escala, que desafían los imaginarios en torno a la violencia y a la guerra. En un horizonte más amplio, la investigación interroga por los modos en que se narra una situación sui generis para las comunidades y territorios: una transición política que busca dejar atrás el pasado violento, un presente liminal y un futuro que se proyecta incierto
The Revised WIC Food Package and Child Development: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Guan Alice , Hamad Rita , Batra Akansha , Bush Nicole R. , Tylavsky Frances A. , LeWinn Kaja Z.
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), one of the largest US safety net programs, was revised in 2009 to be more congruent with dietary guidelines. We hypothesize that this revision led to improvements in child development.

METHODS:

Data were drawn from a cohort of women and children enrolled in the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood study from 2006 to 2011 (Shelby County, TN; N = 1222). Using quasi-experimental difference-in-differences analysis, we compared measures of growth, cognitive, and socioemotional development between WIC recipients and nonrecipients before and after the policy revision.

RESULTS:

The revised WIC food package led to increased length-for-age z scores at 12 months among infants whose mothers received the revised food package during pregnancy (β = .33, 95% confidence interval: 0.05 to 0.61) and improved Bayley Scales of Infant Development cognitive composite scores at 24 months (β = 4.34, 95% confidence interval: 1.11 to 7.57). We observed no effects on growth at age 24 months or age 4 to 6 years or cognitive development at age 4 to 6 years.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study provides some of the first evidence that children of mothers who received the revised WIC food package during pregnancy had improved developmental outcomes in the first 2 years of life. These findings highlight the value of WIC in improving early developmental outcomes among vulnerable children. The need to implement and expand policies supporting the health of marginalized groups has never been more salient, particularly given the nation’s rising economic and social disparities.
Features of the Zemstvo Taxation in the Great Russian and Foreign Provinces of Russia in the Second Half of the 19th сentury
Authors: Aleshin Pavel N.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The introduction of the bodies of zemstvo self-government in the Russian Empire led to the need to form the system of zemstvo budgets with their own income items, often falling on the same objects of taxation as state taxes. Most of the income came from taxation of land (state, private and peasant). In addition, the items of income were receipts from the taxation of real estate, trade and industrial enterprises, trade documents, etc. The zemstvo extended not only to Great Russian provinces but also to foreign ones, in so doing the functions of zemstvo had their own characteristics, since it was necessary to take into account ethnic and religious characteristics in provinces with a predominance of the non-Russian population. The purpose of the article is to clarify the comparison of the main sources of income of the zemstvo budget in ethnically different regions of the Russian Empire. Materials and Methods. The solution of research problems was provided by a complex of complementary theoretical (analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis, comparison, generalization, systematization) and empirical (study and generalization of published and archival sources, hermeneutic) methods. Results. A comparative analysis of the principles and objects of taxation between the provinces of these groups (Kursk and Ufa) showed the similarity of approaches and priority of land taxation as the simplest and covering most of the payers. Discussion and Conclusions. The principles of forming zemstvo budgets throughout the Empire were unchanged, focused on the property approach of taxation, which was rather archaic due to the introduction of income taxation in the advanced countries, as the fairer one, while in Russia the main burden of taxation still fell on the shoulders of the peasantry, and led to the deficit of the zemstvo treasury. This brings the problem of forming zemstvo budgets to a further level of research into social, political and economic history.
Метод UbD (Understanding by Design)
Authors: Konsulova Snejana , Teneva Vladimira
Published: January 2021

Careful lessons planning is extremely important when leading the process of learning in the classroom. When a planned lesson is being selected it is good to do that in a way that would focus on selection of the educational content because it is very important to the performance and transfer of knowledge- a tasks which is difficult to implement in the duration of a single lesson
Designing an Innovative EAP/ESPP Course for Students of Veterinary Medicine Based on a Comparative Needs Analysis Survey
Authors: Gundasheva Zhenya , Spasova Lyubomira , Dvorska Olga , Petrillova Monika
Published: January 2021

The article examines and compares the results of a cross-sectional needs analysis survey for the purposes of designing an innovative EAP/ESPP course for students in Veterinary Medicine. Students from two European universities responded to a nominal polytomous survey which probed their range of preferences, expectations and motivation. We analyzed students’ selections using criteria such as language level, course content, teaching methods and forms, including the use of internet-based and ICT tools. Depending on their language level, students opted mostly for ESPP/EAP-specific activities, whereas preferences for general English skills improvement were higher in lower level students. Cultural differences were accounted for and explained to illustrate the traditional practices and the need for introducing more effective methods, including cooperation between the students and faculty of the two universities. We have also proposed directions for designing an innovative ESPP/EAP course, which will be implemented next semester at Trakia University.
The Competence Approach and Its Literary Educational Projections in the First High School Stage
Authors: Petkova Ekaterina
Published: January 2021

In line with the current educational theses, this publication recognizes the role of competency approach in the contemporary literary education, focusing on the literary educational discourse in the first high school stage (grades 8-10). The development illustrates the functionalization of the competence approach in the teaching of literature in Bulgarian school, as well as its relation to the specific literary-educational approaches - thematic and intertextual. The research represents ideas for studying works included in the literature curricula (for the respective classes), combining scientific theses and literary-educational pragmatics, focusing on the development of the thematic chain "native and foreign" and the generated intertextual allusions.
INNOVATION AND DIGITALIZATION IN TOURISM - RESTRICTION OR DEVELOPMENT FOR BUSINESS IN BULGARIA
Authors: Velikova Elenita
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this publication is to explore the opportunities that innovation and digitization provide in tourism. Although digitization is not a new direction in tourism, its understanding and use in a number of cases is hampered by the lack of knowledge and skills in the field. The aim has been achieved by exploring secondary sources on the specificities of innovation activity and digitization. Systematic approach, observation, abstraction, as well as some general science principles such as objectivity, dialectic, concretization, unity between theory and practice, system analysis, induction, deduction and others are also applied. A qualitative expert analysis of the websites of tourist sites has been carried out to determine the level of digitization in the tourism sector. The survey results show that tourist sites focusing on innovative supply to their customers use modern information technologies as well as technologies directly involved in improving the supply of tourism services, including traditional products, services and know-how. Consumer value is increased by providing product innovations, place and promotion. It comes to the conclusion that, despite the benefits of innovation and digitization, they are not a panacea that can solve all the emerging problems of today's business, and in many cases are a limiting factor.
Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Constitutional Conflict Cases before The Romanian Constitutional Court
Authors: Kuti Csongor
Published: January 2021

For the rule of law-based democratic regimes, at least two types of significant political challenges can be identified:

1. Challenges coming from outside of the democratic regime, in the form of movements which, by making use of the constitutionally guaranteed rights and liberties, attempt to destroy the democratic establishment.

2. Challenges coming from inside the democratic regime, in the form of authoritarian movements, which are attempting to overcome their political opponents and consolidate their power by the misuse of the institutions found under their control according to the constitutional blueprint.

This paper is concerned with the second type of challenges and examines how the power struggle reflects in constitutional adjudication. Focusing on the case law of the Romanian Constitutional Court, it analyzes the trends in the evolution of the Court’s interpretation of constitutional conflict issues. The paper argues that in periods of great political fragmentation and power-struggle, constitutional conflict cases are more present in the Court’s docket and they result in much more disputed decisions, as actors attempt to present political conflicts as judicial ones. The Court itself is getting more drawn into these struggles and gradually loses its ‘independent arbitrator’ stance.
TREATMENT EFFICIENCY OF PIGGERY WASTEWATER BY SURFACE AND HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Van , Kim Anh Bui
Published: January 2021

Constructed wetlands have been used to treat various types of wastewaters such as urban runoff, acid mine drainage, municipal, industrial, and livestock wastewaters. This study is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of two constructed wetlands (surface and horizontal subsurface flows) for piggery wastewater treatment after biogas process. The wetland plant Phragmites australis Cav. was used in 45 days for the experiments. The CWs were designed to treat up to 100 liters/day with the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3 days. Parameters including pH, COD, TSS, NH4+-N, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were measured. The pH of the CWs system was in the range of 6.7 to 7.3. The results showed that the horizontal subsurface flow CW had better treatment performance compared to the surface flow system. The removal efficiency of TP, TSS, COD, TN and NH4+-N by surface flow CW was 80, 60, 66, 60 and 65%, respectively while those by horizontal subsurface flow system was 86, 78, 74.6, 67.1 and 74.2%, respectively. The water quality of the effluents of both two CWs met the Vietnamese standards for livestock wastewater (QCVN62/2016-BTNMT, column B).
NUTRIENT RECOVERY AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL FROM PIGGERY WASTEWATER BY SPIRULINA CULTIVATION
Authors: Doan Yen Thi Thai , Nguyen Nga Thuy , Phung My Tra , Nguyen Chau Ngoc , Do Huong Thi
Published: January 2021

Spirulina is noticed for great applications on food supplements, animal feeds, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, biofuel, fertilizer, etc. Spirulina cultures in wastewaters could enhance the feasibility of commodities due to its ability to reduce the cost of biomass production and remove pollutants in wastewaters. This study investigates the effects of wastewater pretreatment using various aeration periods (i.e. from 3 to 7 days), the supplement of bicarbonate and N:P ratios on the growth of Spirulina sp. HH to produce protein-rich biomass. The work showed that Spirulina sp. had the ability to effectively remove ammonium, with the highest efficiencies up to 99.9 %. However, the high concentration of ammonium in wastewater, from 125 mg N/L upward, caused a decline in the growth rate of Spirulina. The growth and remediation potential of Spirulina sp. were in the best condition with the N:P ratio of the medium in the range of 19:1-22:1. This study suggested a procedure to cultivate Spirulina sp. in piggery wastewater and remove pollutants efficiently.
Fresco Paintings of Southwest Crimea Cave Churches According to Igor Grabar
Authors: Mogarichev Yuriy , Ergina Alena
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Today, the remains of fresco paintings are preserved in six cave churches of Taurica: the temple of the Southern Monastery (Mangup); church in the field of Kielse-Tubu (district of Mangup); the temple of the Assumption and the Three Horsemen (Eski-Kermen); the Donators Temple (district of Eski-Kermen); the church number 12 on Zagaytansky rock (Inkerman). Authors of the 19th – early 20th centuries left descriptions of the now lost murals of six more monuments.

Methods. Frescos of Crimean cave churches in historiography received insufficient comprehension. Only one monograph was published on this issue (1966).

Analysis. Opinions and comments regarding the mural paintings of the cave churches of Crimea, expressed by reputable art historians and specialists in fresco paintings, are relevant. These include Igor Grabar. He was in Crimea in 1927, as the head of the Central Art Conservation Center by Glavnauka of the RSFSR. The Manuscript Department of the State Tretyakov Gallery stores leaflets from the notebook “Igor Grabar’s trip notes in the Crimea and about Old Russian art”. Authors publish the full text of Igor Grabar’s notes concerning the murals of cave churches: the temple of the Assumption and the Three Horsemen (Eski-Kermen); the Donators Temple (district of Eski-Kermen); the temple of the Southern Monastery (Mangup).

Results. Igor Grabar’s notes help us clarify many points of view in the study of frescos of cave temples in Crimea. The study of the murals of the temple of the Three Horsemen by Igor Grabar allows us to justifiably discard the versions of “three Georges” and “portraits of real local figures”. There are images of three holy warriors: Dmitry, Theodore (Stratilates or Tyrone), and George in the cave temple. The study of the Mangup Church fresco by Igor Grabar allowed us to develop a periodization of the formation of fresco paintings of this monument.
Посредине страны: Екатеринбург – Свердловская область
Authors: Вольф Гудрун , Вольф Карл
Published: January 2021

Издание представляет вторую часть книги немецких писателей и путешественников Гудрун и Карла Вольфов, посетивших Урал в 2010 г., «Впереди времени. Переходя границы на Урале: эссе, репортажи и истории» (Gudrun Wolff & Karl Wolff. Der Zeit voran. Grenzgaenge im Ural. Essays, Reportagen und Geschichte(n). Pop Verlag, Ludwigsburg, 2011). Авторы делятся своими впечатлениями о том, что удалось увидеть, и о тех людях, с кем удалось встретиться в Екатеринбурге и Свердловской области.
El impacto de la Covid-19 en la población mayor dependiente en España con especial referencia al sector residencial
Authors: Gallego Vicente Marbán , Codorniu Julia Montserrat , Cabrero Gregorio Rodríguez
Published: January 2021

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objeto analizar la crisis de la atención residencial en España en el contexto de la Covid-19 y su impacto en una elevada mortalidad y el abandono de la población usuaria. Se analizan sus causas inmediatas, mediatas y estructurales. De manera específica se analiza la precariedad en el empleo en las residencias a lo largo de la pasada década como una de las principales causas explicativas de la crisis estructural de las residencias. El enfoque teórico de análisis es el modelo de atención integral y centrada en la persona (AICP) basado en la autonomía de las personas y en la centralidad de sus derechos. La metodología combina el análisis cuantitativo en lo referente al empleo junto con una metodología cualitativa basada en el análisis de documentos y debates. El artículo concluye proponiendo una reforma integral de los cuidados de larga duración que incluya tanto un cambio en la atención residencial bajo la forma de pequeñas unidades de convivencia, como un reforzamiento de la atención en el domicilio y la comunidad en cuanto preferencia creciente la población mayor. La combinación óptima de la atención residencial y domiciliaria es la propuesta básica de este trabajo.
Estilo de vida de adolescentes estudantes de escolas públicas e privadas em Recife: ERICA
Authors: Bezerra Myrtis Katille de Assunção , Carvalho Eduardo Freese de , Oliveira Juliana Souza , Cesse Eduarda Ângela Pessoa , Lira Pedro Israel Cabral de , Cavalcante Jonathan Galvão Tenório , Leal Vanessa Sá , Santos Marcos Pereira
Published: January 2021

Resumo Este estudo analisa os comportamentos relacionados ao estilo de vida de adolescentes em Recife, Brasil. Estudo transversal com dados do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA). 2.400 estudantes de 12 a 17 anos foram entrevistados. Foram analisadas as prevalências de atividade física, comportamento alimentar, tabagismo e consumo de álcool. O teste Qui-quadrado e Intervalo de confiança 95% (IC95%) foram usados para avaliar a significância estatística das medidas. Observou-se 60% dos adolescentes com comportamentos alimentares inadequados quanto ao consumo de café da manhã, água/dia e refeições em frente à TV. Cerca de 40% (IC95%: 39,7-45) não realizavam refeições com os pais ou responsáveis. A prevalência de inatividade física foi de 52,4% (IC95%: 50-55). Adolescentes do sexo feminino foram mais inativas (68,7%; IC95%: 65-72) em relação aos meninos (36,4%; IC95%: 33-40). Adolescentes das classes econômicas D e E foram os mais inativos (60,7%; IC95%: 46-73). O consumo de bebida alcoólica foi de 18,7% (IC95%: 2,6-5,6) e o tabagismo foi de 3,8% (IC95%: 2-6) dos indivíduos. Comportamentos alimentares inadequados e a inatividade física foram os principais domínios responsáveis por um estilo de vida não saudável, seguidos pelo consumo de álcool e tabagismo.
Cuidados, mobilidade e poder num contexto de epidemia: Relações familiares e espaços de negociação
Authors: Scott Parry
Published: January 2021

Resumo Cuidar de um filho com Síndrome Congênita de Zika (SCZ) implica numa reelaboração de estratégias de mobilidade de famílias inteiras num novo contexto epidêmico. O trabalho descreve três domínios de cuidados, - relacional, de atendimento, de conhecimento - formados em torno da criança afetada por SCZ, por mães, instituições de atendimento e pesquisadores, respectivamente. A pesquisa foi realizada através de observação e participação durante itinerários terapêuticos e entrevistas feitas por uma equipe de antropólogos num projeto do edital nacional (CNPq/CAPES/DECIT) Combate ao Zika entre 2016 e 2020. Aborda etnograficamente a prática e negociação de relações de poder vividas nos diferentes domínios por mães com crianças com SCZ a partir da experiência de três mulheres em Pernambuco. Foca em cuidados e mobilidade em mudanças residenciais, deslocamentos cotidianos e reorganização de redes de relações com pessoas próximas. Mostra que as mães utilizam relações familiares para enfrentar impedimentos nos serviços de atendimento, valorizar as suas próprias ações, e para favorecer sua inserção em associações que favorecem a politização da maternidade na luta para direitos nestes contextos.
O mercado de sementes e mudas de pau-rosa (Aniba spp.) no Estado do Amazonas
Authors: Lara Caroline Schmaedeck , Costa Caroline Rabelo , Sampaio Paulo de Tarso Barbosa
Published: January 2021

Resumo: O pau-rosa é uma das espécies com maior potencial econômico atualmente na Amazônia brasileira. Desta árvore é extraído óleo valorizado pela indústria de perfumaria, tanto que sua exploração levou a espécie à ameaça de extinção. Com a diminuição do recurso, a produção do óleo oscilou de 46 a 2 toneladas ano-1 nos últimos 20 anos, aumentando o preço de venda de USD 40.00 kg-1 a USD 320.00 kg-1 neste mesmo período. Esta valorização tem estimulado o plantio da espécie, que se depara com a limitada disponibilidade de mudas para comercialização. Diante disto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o mercado de sementes e mudas de pau-rosa no Amazonas, identificando o número de produtores, produção e demanda média anual, preços praticados, perfil dos clientes e dificuldades na produção. Os produtores foram identificados através de pesquisas na internet e contatados para elucidar questões mais específicas da cadeia produtiva. Foi verificado que atualmente apenas três empreendedores comercializavam mudas da espécie com certa regularidade, totalizando a média de produção de 20.000 mudas/ano com preço de venda entre R$ 10,00 e R$ 15,00. É evidente que este mercado representa uma oportunidade promissora de negócio, que poderá obter maior êxito caso sejam estabelecidos novos arranjos produtivos.
Fatores críticos de sucesso na produção de frango de corte a partir da percepção do produtor integrado da região da Grande Dourados/MS
Authors: Souza Sulma Vanessa , Gandra Érika Rosendo de Sena , Reis Neto José Francisco dos , Garcia Rodrigo Garófallo
Published: January 2021

Resumo: Objetivou-se analisar os fatores críticos de sucesso na produção de frango de corte sob a ótica do produtor integrado na região da Grande Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Metodologicamente, esta pesquisa é caracterizada como sendo descritiva, realizada com uma amostra composta por oito produtores integrados, residentes em municípios distintos: Caarapó, Dourados, Douradina, Glória de Dourados, Itaporã, Rio Brilhante e Vicentina. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário estruturado desenvolvido de acordo com os aspectos: estruturais, mão de obra, gestão administrativa, controle financeiro, biosseguridade e parceria integrada (produtor - agroindústria). Com o intuito de agrupar os produtores com características similares, foi utilizada a análise de cluster, pelo método de agrupamento hierárquico complete linkage. O estudo apontou a existência de dois clusters e os resultados demonstraram que, para o cluster 1, o aspecto biosseguridade (cuidados gerais com a saúde do frango, localização do aviário, isolamento e portaria) é considerado o de maior importância para se manter na atividade, sendo que esse cluster demonstrou pouca importância aos aspectos: mão-de-obra, gestão e controle financeiro. Os produtores do cluster 2 também deram maior importância ao aspecto biosseguridade (apenas para o quesito cama de frango) e pouca importância ao aspecto gestão.
Between knowing and feeling: emotions and the vote in the 2017 Chilean presidential election
Authors: Segovia Carolina , Gamboa Ricardo
Published: January 2021

How do citizens decide who to vote for in an election? Traditional answers focus on the role of political knowledge, party identification, and evaluations of the past performance of governments as explanatory variables. In this study we evaluate an alternative argument: the role of emotions. Using data from a survey carried out following the Chilean general elections of December 2017, this article investigates the association of emotions with the vote for Sebastián Piñera, and how emotions interact with other relevant factors that correlate with the vote. We conclude that in Chile, together with party identification and the evaluation of past governments, the emotions aroused by candidates are strongly associated with the voting decision.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, dysarthria, and language disorders - type of research and approaches in different areas: an integrative literature review
Authors: Leite Neto Lavoisier , França Júnior Marcondes Cavalcante , Chun Regina Yu Shon
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Purpose: to identify the knowledge produced in national and international researches on speech and language disorders in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, regarding the type of research and approach in different areas. Methods: an integrative review performed on databases, using the following descriptors: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Dysarthria, Language Disorders, Speech Production Measurement and Speech Disorders. The inclusion criteria covered articles that addressed motor speech and language disorders from 2013 to 2018, excluding duplications, and categorizing valid articles for analysis. Results: 83 articles were selected, after screening the titles and abstracts. A large scientific production from different countries and areas, mainly Speech Therapy and Neurology, was found. Most of them was clinical research (65.06%), with a main focus on speech motor disorders (42.16%), speech and language motor disorders, cognition and behavior (27.71%), and language disorders (12.06%). Conclusion: researches found were mostly clinical and aimed at determining the diagnosis of disorders in different areas of knowledge. With regard to communication, few studies have been found in Brazil, and international studies addressed high technology. The results confirmed the heterogeneous nature of the disease, which shows, in addition to motor impairment of speech, cognitive, behavioral and language impairments.
Effet de la diversité générationnelle sur le besoin en espaces verts. L’indice de Shannon outil de lecture, de mesure et d’évaluation
Authors: Djedi Toufik
Published: January 2021

Resume Le présent article vise à éclaircir l’effet de la diversité générationnelle sur la formulation du besoin d’espaces verts. L’outil de lecture adopté est le l’indice de Shannon. Son utilisation est accompagnée par l’indice de richesse (nombre de tranches d’âges) et l’indice d’équitabilité. Il s’avère que, plus la composition de la population est variée et équilibrée, plus le besoin en espaces verts par habitant occupe une position médiane en termes de surface d’espaces verts par habitant. Une « bonne diversité » au sens de richesse et équitabilité se révèle ainsi parmi les ferments pour une présence soutenue et préservation de l’élément végétal dans les projets d’aménagement.