bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease among Adult Hypertensive Patients at Northwest Amhara Referral Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Hunegnaw Anteneh , Mekonnen Habtamu Sewunet , Techane Masresha Asmare , Agegnehu Chilot Desta
Published: August 2021

Background. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of the kidney function which leads to a decreased kidneys’ ability to process waste in the blood and it affects the other important functions of the kidney. The disease has different stages that can alter the health status of individuals. During the early stages, patients may present with a normal or slight decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria. Later, it progresses and leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or kidney failure. Hypertension is considered as the major contributing risk factor of CKD. Objective. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of chronic kidney disease among adult hypertensive patients in referral hospitals of the Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 581 adult hypertensive patients in a chronic follow-up clinic in referral hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, from July to August 2020. Systematic random sampling was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using the interviewer-administered questionnaire and participants medical records. Both bivariable and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Model fitness was assessed using a Hosmer—Lemeshow test. Result. The total prevalence of CKD among adult hypertensive patients was 17.6% (95% CI: 14.7–20.8). Diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg (AOR = 8.65; 95% CI: 4.77–15.68), duration of hypertension ≥10 years (AOR = 8.81; 95% CI: 2.47–31.45), stage II HTN (AOR = 2.61; 95% CI: 1.04–6.50), comorbid disease (AOR = 7.0; 95% CI: 2.20–22.21), proteinuria (AOR = 4.59; 95% CI: 2.08–10.12), dyslipidemia (AOR = 3.40; 95% CI: 1.56–7.24), and serum creatinine ≥1 mg/dl (AOR = 8.88; 95% CI: 4.40–17.91) were associated with chronic kidney disease among adult hypertensive patients. Conclusion. In this study, the prevalence of CKD among hypertensive patients found was 17.6%. Regarding associated factors, dyslipidemia, proteinuria, comorbid disease, serum creatinine greater than 0.9 mg/dl, duration of hypertension greater than 10 years, and diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg are factors associated with the occurrence of chronic kidney disease among hypertensive patients.
The Role of ACE2 Receptors of the Olfactory System in Anosmia in COVID-19: An Overview
Authors: Nasr Mohammad Javad , Alizadeh Khatir Ali , Babazadeh Arefeh , Ebrahimpour Soheil
Published: August 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The latest data show that more than 211.7 million people were infected and more than 4.4 million deaths have been reported. The illness presents a wide range of symptoms, ranging from mild to severe. Mild symptoms include cough, fever, dyspnea, fatigue, myalgia and arthralgia, anosmia, and dysgeusia. Furthermore, this virus can affect the central nervous system (CNS) and present a range of mild to severe nervous symptoms, from headache and dysphoria to loss of consciousness, coma, paralysis, and acute cerebrovascular disease. The virus can enter nonneuronal cells of the olfactory epithelium and cause a complete loss of smell. Anosmia and hyposmia are commonly reported in clinics, and being asymptomatic or showing mild symptoms can be primary symptoms in early infected persons. Dysgeusia/hypogeusia is another symptom presented with anosmia/hyposmia. In this article, we reviewed the articles of anosmia and suggested a possible mechanism for this.
A New Approach of Constrained Interpolation Based on Cubic Hermite Splines
Authors: Saeidian J. , Sarfraz M. , Azizi A. , Jalilian S.
Published: August 2021

Suppose we have a constrained set of data and wish to approximate it using a suitable function. It is natural to require the approximant to preserve the constraints. In this work, we state the problem in an interpolating setting and propose a parameter-based method and use the well-known cubic Hermite splines to interpolate the data with a constrained spline to provide with a

C

1

interpolant. Then, more smoothing constraints are added to obtain

C

2

continuity. Additionally, a minimization criterion is presented as a theoretical support to the proposed study; this is performed using linear programming. The proposed methods are demonstrated with illustrious examples.
BSVMS: Novel Autonomous Trustworthy Scheme for Video Monitoring
Authors: Wang Xuan , Xu Jingjing , Wang Jiaxin , Ou Wei , Kim Jung Yoon , Han Wenbao
Published: August 2021

With the continuous development and application of monitoring technology, which involves increasingly more sensitive information, the global demand for video monitoring systems has surged. As a result, video monitoring technology has received widespread attention both at home and abroad. Traditional video monitoring systems experience security threats, with differing levels of severity, in terms of attack, storage, transmission, etc., which results in different degrees of damage to users’ rights. Therefore, we propose a blockchain‐SM‐based video monitoring system called BSVMS. For the front‐end device invasion risk, internal attack risk, and security storage problem of the monitoring system, we use commercial cryptography algorithms to complete the encryption processing of images through a visual change network in the imaging process, thereby ensuring the security of the video data from the source. To address the problem that the video monitoring application software and data are vulnerable to damage, we use blockchain technologies that are tamper‐proof and traceable to build a trustworthy video monitoring system. In the system, no member can query the original monitoring data. To address the security issues in network transmission, we use a commercial cryptography algorithm for multilayer encryption to ensure the security of data during transmission, guarantee the confidentiality of the system, and realize domestic autonomous control. We then conduct tests and security analysis of the encryption and decryption efficiency of the SM4 algorithm used in the system, the blockchain performance, and the overall performance. The experimental results show that in this system environment, the SM4 algorithm encryption and decryption efficiency is better than other algorithms and that the blockchain used meets industry standards.
Molecular Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Associated with Carissa edulis, an Endangered Plant Species along Lake Victoria Basin of Kenya
Authors: Ogoma Benard O. , Omondi Stephen F. , Ngaira Jane , Kimani Josephine W.
Published: August 2021

Carissa edulis is a tropical plant belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The species is widely used in the preparation of various herbal medicines. Earlier works in Kenya show that an aqueous extract from the roots of C. edulis has remarkable anti-herpes simplex virus. Due to its medicinal value, the species has been overexploited in its natural range and requires conservation interventions. Studies show that the species has beneficial relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) that can enhance restoration of its population; however, no study has been undertaken to document the diversity of these AMF species. This study evaluated the genetic diversity of AMF associated with the roots of C. edulis within Lake Victoria basin ecosystem of Kenya. A cross-sectional, laboratory-based prospective study was carried out from roots of C. edulis collected from six sites within the ecosystem. Root samples were collected from 6 points (replicates) per site. AMF was assessed through morphological characterization and sequencing of small subunit of ribosomal DNA. Morphological identification identified four genera of AMF (Gigaspora, Acaulospora, Scutellospora, and Glomus) with no significant difference among the sites. Molecular analysis also revealed presence of four genera, but only two (Glomus and Acaulospora) were common for both the analyses with Glomus as the most predominant genera. In all the sites, there were large numbers of spores both in soil and in the roots confirming the association between C. edulis and AMF.
Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis following Long-Term Antipsychotic Use
Authors: Liebers David T. , Ofomata Adaora , Badolato Ryan , Mills Emily , Farahmand Pantea
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Psychiatrists commonly use antipsychotic medications in the treatment of psychotic and mood disorders. A rare but known side effect of atypical antipsychotics is acute pancreatitis. Most cases of antipsychotic-induced pancreatitis occur within six months of initiation. The mechanism believed to cause this reaction is hypertriglyceridemia. Here, we present a unique case of antipsychotic-induced pancreatitis that deviates from previous cases in the time to onset of the pancreatitis and the mechanism of presentation. Case Presentation. We present a case of a patient with treatment-resistant schizophrenia managed for over a decade on olanzapine and haloperidol. Twelve years after stabilization on this medication regimen, the patient developed acute pancreatitis, which after extensive medical workup was attributed to his psychotropic medications. We review his medical and psychiatric history, his medical course and workup during the episode of pancreatitis, and review recommendations for patients at risk for antipsychotic-induced pancreatitis based on this case and the current literature. Discussion. This case illustrates that acute pancreatitis can occur long after the initiation of antipsychotic medications and may be mediated by mechanisms other than hypertriglyceridemia. While there are reports of antipsychotic-induced psychosis occurring within months, and in a limited set of cases, years, after medication initiation, the twelve-year time interval in the present case is by far the longest duration of an antipsychotic precipitating this adverse event recorded in the literature. This case highlights that although exceedingly rare, prescribers should be aware of the risk for drug-induced pancreatitis in patients stable on antipsychotic medications.
Study on the Correlation between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver and Metabolic Syndrome Based on Magnetic Resonance Diffusion-Weighted Imaging
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Yao Zining , Li Nan , Gao Kai , Zhu Sheng
Published: August 2021

This paper explores the relationship between magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MS), as well as the study of diffusion-weighted imaging, spectral imaging, and low density of nonalcoholic fatty liver correlation between serum concentration of lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). This collection is from February 2018 to May 2018 in hospital as 39 cases of nonalcoholic fatty liver patients in the observation group and 39 patients in the control group with the same period of physical examination. All patients underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging, magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging examination, and serum LDL-C test, compared the results of the two groups, and analysed the correlation between magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging and magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging examination results and LDL-C. The results showed that the prevalence of NAFLD was 12.33%, and the prevalence of NAFLD and MS was 3.47%. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy observation parameter group and the control group had statistically significant difference when compared (

P

 < 0.05). Difference was statistically significant (

P

 < 0.01). In conclusion, nonalcoholic fatty liver DWI and MR spectroscopy is closely related to LDL-C targets, quantitatively and noninvasively reflects the body’s fat metabolism, and can provide more extensive clinical diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver. NAFLD is closely related to MS. The mutual aggravation and mutual promotion in the pathogenesis of the two should arouse enough attention and comprehensive prevention and treatment.
Robust Stabilization of Controlled Positive Switched Linear Systems by Output Feedback
Authors: Liu Jinjin , Zhang Ting
Published: August 2021

This study focuses on the controller synthesis issues for constrained switched linear systems with uncertainties under mode-dependent average dwell time (MDADT) switching strategy. First, output feedback controllers ensure that the closed-loop systems are positive and asymptotically stable. Second, the bounded controllers are acquired based on system states with interval and polytopic uncertainties. Also, the proposed approach can be applied to the systems with the constrained output. Then, the presented conditions can be formulated in terms of linear programming. Finally, illustrative example is provided to show the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
A Family of Integrable Differential-Difference Equations: Tri-Hamiltonian Structure and Lie Algebra of Vector Fields
Authors: Zhang Ning , Xu Xi-Xiang
Published: August 2021

Starting from a novel discrete spectral problem, a family of integrable differential-difference equations is derived through discrete zero curvature equation. And then, tri-Hamiltonian structure of the whole family is established by the discrete trace identity. It is shown that the obtained family is Liouville-integrable. Next, a nonisospectral integrable family associated with the discrete spectral problem is constructed through nonisospectral discrete zero curvature representation. Finally, Lie algebra of isospectral and nonisospectral vector fields is deduced.
Digital Currency Illegal Behavior Detection Based on Mutual Information Prior Loss
Authors: Yang Feng , Dong Guixin , Cui Chaoran , Li Xiaojie , Su Yaxi , Yin Yilong
Published: August 2021

In recent years, with the rapid development of digital currency, digital currency brings us convenience and wealth, but also breeds some illegal and criminal behaviors. Different from traditional currencies, digital currency provides concealment to criminals while also exposing their behavior. The analysis of their behavior can be used to detect whether the current digital currency transaction is legal. There is a problem that most digital currency transactions are in compliance with laws and regulations, and only a small part of them uses digital currency to conduct illegal activities. It belongs to the problem of sample imbalance. It is quite challenging to accurately distinguish which transactions are legal and which are illegal in the massive digital currency transactions. For this reason, this study combines the mutual information and the traditional cross-entropy loss function and obtains the loss function based on the mutual information prior. The loss function based on the mutual information prior is that the bias of the category prior distribution is added after the output of the model (before the softmax), which makes the model consider category prior information to a certain extent when predicting. The experimental results show that the use of the loss function based on mutual information prior to the detection of digital currency illegal behavior has a good effect in SVM, DNN, GCN, and GAT methods.
Nivolumab Effective for Gastric and Lung Cancers but Not for Multiple Myeloma in a Multiple Primary Cancer Patient
Authors: Yasuda Tsukasa , Hiraga Junji , Narita Michihiko , Tanikawa Yoshimasa , Tsuzuki Tomoyuki
Published: August 2021

The case of a 76-year-old man with multiple primary cancers that were treated with nivolumab is presented. Six years earlier, he was diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) and was treated with several chemotherapies. He was also diagnosed with gastric cancer with liver metastasis and primary lung cancer by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and computed tomography (CT). Nivolumab treatment was given as third-line therapy, and it was effective for gastric and lung cancers. But MM worsened, and the patient died. There is no standard treatment for multiple primary cancers, and the development of effective treatments for multiple primary cancers is important.
Multitarget Real‐Time Tracking Algorithm for UAV IoT
Authors: Hong Tao , Yang Qiye , Wang Peng , Zhang Jinmeng , Sun Wenbo , Tao Lei , Fang Chaoqun , Cao Jihan
Published: August 2021

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have increased the convenience of urban life. Representing the recent rapid development of drone technology, UAVs have been widely used in fifth‐generation (5G) cellular networks and the Internet of Things (IoT), such as drone aerial photography, express drone delivery, and drone traffic supervision. However, owing to low altitude and low speed, drones can only limitedly monitor and detect small target objects, resulting in frequent intrusion and collision. Traditional methods of monitoring the safety of drones are mostly expensive and difficult to implement. In smart city construction, a large number of smart IoT cameras connected to 5G networks are installed in the city. Captured drone images are transmitted to the cloud via a high‐speed and low‐latency 5G network, and machine learning algorithms are used for target detection and tracking. In this study, we propose a method for real‐time tracking of drone targets by using the existing monitoring network to obtain drone images in real time and employing deep learning methods by which drones in urban environments can be guided. To achieve real‐time tracking of UAV targets, we employed the tracking‐by‐detection mode in machine learning, with the network‐modified YOLOv3 (you only look once v3) as the target detector and Deep SORT as the target tracking correlation algorithm. We established a drone tracking dataset that contains four types of drones and 2800 pictures in different environments. The tracking model we trained achieved 94.4% tracking accuracy in real‐time UAV target tracking and a tracking speed of 54 FPS. These results comprehensively demonstrate that our tracking model achieves high‐precision real‐time UAV target tracking at a reduced cost.
Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Cytopathology of Breast Lesions Using the International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System and Rapid On-Site Evaluation: A Single-Institute Experience
Authors: Agrawal Neha , Kothari Kanchan , Tummidi Santosh , Sood Prashant , Agnihotri Mona , Shah Vyoma
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer is rapidly emerging as the leading cause of cancer in Indian women. Robust cytopathology and histopathology services are required to tackle this growing burden. The use of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) and the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama System for Reporting Breast Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) Cytopathology, which offers structured protocols, are expected to improve breast cytopathology reporting. Methods: We retrieved the cytopathology slides, categorized them by the IAC Yokohama System and histopathology data of all the patients who had been investigated for breast lesions from September 2016 to December 2018, and compared the cytopathology and histopathology. Risk of malignancy (ROM) and performance metrics, like sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, accuracy, and area under the curve were computed. Results: A total of 1,147 FNABs were evaluated, of which 442 (38.5%) underwent ROSE and 624 (54.4%) histopathology. Reported using IAC categories, our cohort recorded 4.9% inadequate, 65.3% benign, 7.8% atypical, 3.3% suspicious for malignancy, and 18.7% malignant lesions. The overall sensitivity and specificity for identifying in situ and malignant lesions were 99.1% and 99.3%, respectively, and were substantially improved by ROSE. ROSE improved the concordance between cytopathology and histopathology from 76.9% to 90.2%, by reducing inadequate (p < 0.001) cases. The ROM increased along a gradient from inadequate to malignant categories, with the gradient being sharpened by ROSE. The false negativity rate was 0.7% and false positivity rate 0%. Conclusion: Incorporating ROSE and the IAC Yokohama System for breast cytopathology reporting improves accurate diagnosis of breast lesions, prevents missed diagnoses, and provides reliable estimates of ROM. These protocols also aid in standardizing a reproducible system for monitoring and auditing of breast pathology services, identify areas that need strengthening, and improve training at pathology centers.
Global Economic Planning as a Challenge for the Labour Movement
Authors: Nowak Jörg
Published: August 2021

The central line of argument in this contribution is that the urgency of the economic, social and environmental crises demands to go beyond the institutionalist efforts to install more Global Framework Agreements or Decent Work Campaigns that often only come with piecemeal changes, if at all. The social uprisings in various countries around the globe that erupted in 2019 and 2020 underline the emerging pressure towards a broader vision of systemic change. The shift of emphasis towards Global Economic Planning opens up the following perspectives: 1. It allows to study and adapt the methods used by transnational corporations in economic planning for alternative purposes. 2. It allows to retrieve experiences made both in capitalist planning, i.e. in the framework of industrial policy and developmental states, and in socialist planning and to apply enhanced versions of both. 3. It allows to intervene strategically in order to exploit the potentials of renewable energy for which investment is stagnating globally. 4. It offers an avenue for the labour movement to become a reliable partner of environmental initiatives and the global climate movement. 5. It can provide an avenue for mass participation in systemic change with concrete objectives like the conversion of the automobile industry, decentralised renewable energy grids, and public and community based health and care systems.
Systemic changes caused by artificial insemination in beef cows (Bos indicus) and their impact on animal welfare
Authors: Oliveira Bruna Marcele Martins de , Arruda Rubens Paes de , Maturana Filho Milton , Birgel Júnior Eduardo Harry , Birgel Daniela Becker , Pogliani Fábio Celidônio , Carneiro Luisa Cunha , Celeghini Eneiva Carla Carvalho
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to verify if the process of artificial insemination (AI) characterized here as animal immobilization, the passage of the semen applicator through the cervix, and deposition of the semen in the uterus, affected cows’ welfare. For this, 18 beef calved cows were selected and divided into two groups: inseminated cows (AIG, n = 9), and not inseminated cows, the control group (CG, n = 9). Body condition score, uterus, and ovary evaluation were performed. Later, both groups were submitted into an estrus synchronization protocol and only the AIG group was inseminated. Blood components of urea, creatinine, AST, GGT, CK, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, NEFA, BHB, cortisol, estradiol, progesterone, albumin, and total protein were measured 30 h before AI, and 4, 24, 48 and 168 h after AI. Statistical differences were considered when P <0.05. No differences between AIG and CG were observed. On the other hand, when the moment of insemination was evaluated, differences were observed for urea, creatinine, AST, GGT, CK, glucose, triglycerides, NEFA, BHB, albumin, and total protein. There was an oscillation of metabolic profiles depending on the time and procedures to which animals were exposed, even though it could be inferred that the AI process was incapable of altering those metabolic components on animals that were inseminated. Still, we can affirm that artificial insemination cannot be categorized as a negative reproduction tool on animal welfare. However, the containment and management procedures for AI may alter the metabolic profile of cows, especially the increase of CK.
O ovo da serpente? Fundamentos e variações da crítica ao componente conservador das "Jornadas de junho" de 2013
Authors: Lima Pedro Luiz , Hajime Mateus
Published: August 2021

A fortuna das interpretações sobre junho de 2013, salvo relevantes exceções, parece-nos ter sido acometida por infrutífera polarização. De um lado, a ênfase nos aspectos positivos das mobilizações permanece aquém de construir uma plausível relação entre os eventos de 2013 e seus desdobramentos na arena político-institucional do país, tratando junho como evento alheio à reação conservadora que se lhe seguiu. De outro lado, a ênfase no polo negativo faz crer que ora se tratariam de manifestações com alto grau de superficialidade, como meros eventos performáticos e miméticos de uma forma global de mobilização; ora se trataria do gatilho de uma reação conservadora cuja retórica genérica sobre corrupção e patriotismo seria sintoma de uma pulsão fascista, anti-institucional, anti-representação e, no limite, anti-democrática. Buscaremos identificar fundamentos e variações de algumas destas interpretações, em chave negativa, sobre o caráter conservador de junho de 2013 – menos para restituir imediatamente alguma verdade intrínseca que tais interpretações revelariam, e mais para entender como a polifonia e os antagonismos no interior deste restrito campo interpretativo apontariam, mesmo dados os limites de sua unilateralidade, para um momento crucial da efetiva contradição do fenômeno histórico em questão.
Abstract 35: Gamma Adducin Dysfunction Leads To Cerebrovascular Distention, Blood Brain Barrier Leakage, And Cognitive Deficits In The Fawn-hooded Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Thomas Kirby N , Wang Shaoxun , Zhang Huawei , Crumpler Reese F , Elliott Parker S , Ryu Jane J , Fang Xing , Strong Luke B , Liu Yedan , Zheng Baoying , Fan Fan , Roman Richard J
Published: August 2021

We have previously identified an inactivating mutation of ADD3 in FHH rats which is associated with impaired myogenic reactivity of renal arterioles and podocyte function, and contributes to the development of CKD. We have found that SNPs in human
ADD1
or
ADD3
in the same region as
Add3
in FHH rats are linked to reductions in brain volumes and impaired performance on cognitive tests in 4,286 elderly patients (67-90 years old) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS), but the mechanisms of these pathologies are unclear. The present study examined cerebral hemodynamics and cognitive function in FHH versus FHH.1BN and FHH.
Add3
rats that express the WT
Add3
gene. The myogenic responses of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and parenchymal arterioles (PA) were impaired in FHH rats. MCA diameter decreased by 15-20% in FHH.1BN (n = 27) and FHH.
Add3
(n = 10) transgenic rats, but increased by 9 ± 3% in FHH rats (n = 15) when perfusion pressure was increased from 40 to 160 mmHg. PA diameter increased by 3.16 ± 2.79% in FHH (n = 5) rats versus a 19 ± 3% and 13 ± 2% decrease FHH.
Add3
(n = 4) and FHH.1BN (n = 6), respectively, when pressure was increased from 10 to 40 mmHg. Autoregulation of surface and deep cortical blood flow was impaired in FHH rats and rose by 48 ± 3% (n = 22) and 41 ± 3% (n = 12), respectively, versus 32 ± 3% (n = 7) and 16 ± 5% (n = 6) in FHH.
Add3
rats when MAP was increased from 100 to 160 mmHg. By using a fluorescent microscope to examine 60 μm brain sections, it was revealed that the outer diameters of PAs were distended in FHH in comparison to FHH.1BN and FHH.
Add3
transgenic rats when systemic pressure was increased to 160 mmHg. Blood brain barrier leakage was also greater in FHH rats than in FHH.1BN and FHH.
Add3
rats after acute elevations in pressure. FHH (n=16) rats took 40- 50% longer to navigate an eight-arm water maze than FHH.
Add3
(n=11) and FHH.1BN (n=7) rats. These results indicate that variants that alter Add3 function promote cognitive dysfunction in FHH rats by altering cerebral hemodynamics and may play a similar role in cognitive deficits in elderly patients in the ARIC-NCS study. This study suggests that blood pressure should be strictly controlled in hypertensive patients identified with
ADD3
variants to prevent dementia.
Abstract 54: Gender Differences In Blood Pressure Control Is Mediated By Age In United States Adults
Authors: Visaria Aayush , Hameed Fariha , Raval Brinda , Islam Sumaiya
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Blood pressure (BP) control remains a major public health challenge. Little is known about the gender differences in BP control across the age spectrum. We determined the age-stratified associations between gender and uncontrolled HTN.

Methods:
We included adults ≥20 years who reported HTN diagnosis and antihypertensive medication use from the 1999-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Mean BP was calculated as the average of 3 consecutive BP readings 30 seconds apart. Uncontrolled HTN was considered as BP ≥140/90. We used survey design-adjusted multivariable logistic regression to determine the odds of uncontrolled HTN in women vs. men, adjusting for demographic, sociobehavioral, metabolic, and comorbid factors.

Results:
Among 13,253 participants taking antihypertensive medications (mean age 57, 52% female, 71% White), 34% had HTN (35% women, 33% men). Upon stratifying by 10-year age groups, men had higher odds of uncontrolled HTN from age 20 to 49 years, followed by a period of insignificantly different odds of uncontrolled HTN from age 50-69 years (Table). Among participants ≥70 years, females had significantly higher adjusted odds of uncontrolled HTN. These associations persisted when using the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines.

Conclusion:
Women have significantly higher odds (>20%) of uncontrolled HTN compared to men starting age 70. This may suggest that interventions to improve BP control in older women are warranted. The changes in the gender differences across the age spectrum warrant further evaluation.
Sexualization of Sharīʿa: Application of Islamic Criminal (Ḥudūd) Laws in Pakistan
Authors: Abbasi Muhammad Zubair
Published: August 2021

In 1979, General Zia ul-Haq promulgated the Hudood Ordinances to provide Islamic punishments for several offenses, but the prosecution for extra-marital sex (zinā) has been disproportionately higher. Based on the analysis of reported judgments, I argue that the higher rate of prosecutions for zinā was a direct result of new laws. Despite carrying the name “Hudood”, these Ordinances specified several taʿzīr offenses with the objective of ensuring prosecutions. By incorporating ḥadd and taʿzīr offenses for zinā, the Zina Ordinance blurred the distinction between consensual sex and rape, and thus exposed victim women, who reported rape, to prosecution for consensual sex. The Qazf Ordinance, which might have curbed the filing of false accusations of zinā, encouraged them by providing the complainants the defense of good faith. The number of zinā cases has decreased after the reform of the Zina Ordinance and the Qazf Ordinance under the Protection of Women Act, 2006.
The State and the Minority Group: Land Rights between the State and Kpaduma Indigenous Group in Abuja, Federal Capital Territory (fct), Nigeria
Authors: Bamidele Seun , Idowu Olusegun Oladele
Published: August 2021

The politics of land rights and low or high intensity protest in the twenty-first century has produced several land-related protesters with a variety of strategies. This study focuses on the challenges of urbanization as it affects the Kpaduma community in Abuja, Federal Capital Territory (fct), Nigeria. Kpaduma, an indigenous group, has a history of protest at various times with the government over its ancestral land. The last protest in 2016 brought massive destruction of settlements and forced displacement. Quite a number of works have been written on the land protests, with particular reference to their causes and consequences. However, the post-protests situation, particularly regarding the tense relationship and urbanization process in the locality, is yet to be sufficiently explored. This study investigates the state of relations between the government and Kpaduma as well as the urbanization processes in the country’s capital after the forced displacement of Kpaduma.
The Devadasis, Dance Community of South India: A Legal and Social Outlook
Authors: Shankar Shreya , Ganesan Pranav
Published: August 2021

The devadasi community of south India are originators of a popular dance form called bharatanatyam. This paper explores several dimensions of this community including legal and social angles. A misjudged and misunderstood community, the modern-day devadasi’s circumstances can be described as fraught with social disabilities ranging from a lack of economic opportunities and the resultant poverty to an increased propensity for delinquency. The paper presents an unbiased view of the history of the devadasi system that attempts to use a varied range of sources so as to paint a clear narrative. The paper proposes a mechanism to move forward through truth commissions as a form of restorative justice that is likely to help both policymakers as well as artists.
“Other” Strategies in the Eastern Caucasus (Part I): Data from Udi
Authors: Lander Yury , Maisak Timur
Published: August 2021

Udi (East Caucasian) possesses several means of expressing the meaning “other”, namely (i) the combination of a (usually distal) demonstrative with a numeral (usually “one”), arguably calqued from Azerbaijani, (ii) the expression originating from a combination of a demonstrative with the noun “arm, side”, and (iii) borrowed adjectives. It is shown that the morphological properties of some of these expressions suggest a kind of grammaticalization. The semantic differences between the expressions mostly fit into the contrast between the types of “other” expressions proposed by Cinque (2015), but also display additional remarkable contrasts.
Empires and Exchanges in Eurasian Late Antiquity. Rome, China, Iran, and the Steppe, ca. 250-750
Authors: Pirtea Adrian C.
Published: August 2021

This article reviews a collection of twenty-six studies on Eurasia in Late Antiquity, edited by Nicola Di Cosmo and Michael Maas (2018). Aside from presenting a brief summary of all the chapters included in the volume, I discuss several contributions at length and engage with the methodology outlined by the editors in the Introduction. While the book focuses on Late Antique steppe empires (Huns, Türks, Avars, etc.) and the multiple ways these interacted with the great sedentary states of Eurasia (Byzantium, Iran, China), many chapters offer exciting new perspectives on a score of other topics, such as Silk Road trade, religion, history of science, migration, diplomacy and political ideology. On the whole, Empires and Exchanges is an extremely valuable addition to the growing number of studies that attempt to provide a holistic approach to Eurasian history.
Protestant Children, Missions and Education in the British World
Authors: Morrison Hugh
Published: August 2021

The British Protestant children’s missionary movement of the nineteenth and early- to mid-twentieth century was an educational movement, wherein philanthropy and pedagogy went hand in hand. Bringing an educational lens to bear on this group provides a more cohesive interpretive framework by which to make sense of the various elements than hitherto has been considered. As such, the Protestant children’s missionary movement emerges historically as a much more complex entity than simply a means of raising money or cramming heads full of knowledge. Across a range of geographic settings it acted as: a key site of juvenile religious and identity formation; a defining vehicle for the creation and maintenance of various types or scales of community (local, denominational, emotional, regional, national or global); a movement within which civic and religious messages were emphatically conflated (especially with respect to nation and empire); and in which children both participated in imperial or quasi-global networks of information exchange (especially as consumers of missionary periodicals) and became informed, active and responsive agents of missionary support in their own right.
Distinguishing ten sympatric species of fiddler crab (Decapoda: Ocypodidae) using a suite of phenotypic characteristics
Authors: MICHIE LAURA A. , BARNES R. S. K. , CLARK PAUL F. , BENNETT WAYNE A. , CRAGG SIMON M.
Published: August 2021

Ten species of fiddler crab are reported inhabiting the intertidal zone of a shore on Kaledupa Island, Indonesia. This is one of the highest recorded numbers of fiddler crab species living in sympatry, equating to over two-thirds of those known from the Wallacea biogeographic region and more than half of all those recorded from Indonesia. The descriptions to identify and distinguish these ten species are provided using a suite of characters e.g., carapace, major cheliped, male gonopods, gastric mills, life colouration in males and females, and notes on their ecology and distribution. Specimens were observed and collected in the Wakatobi National Park, near the village of Ambeua on Kaledupa island, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia. Gastric mills are described for the first time for Gelasimus jocelynae, Paraleptuca crassipes, Tubuca coarctata, T. demani and T. dussumieri. A tabulation of anatomical features and colouration for all species in this study is provided as a support for field studies. It identifies features that support the recently proposed taxonomic revision of fiddler crabs by Shih et al. (2016).
The larvae of Chinese Hydropsychidae (Insecta: Trichoptera), Part III: Hydromanicus melli Complex, H. canaliculatus, and H. umbonatus
Authors: ZHANG AO , ZHOU XIN
Published: August 2021

A total of 45 adult and larval specimens of 6 Chinese Hydromanicus species are included in this molecular association analysis. Of these, the larvae of Hydromanicus melli Complex, H. canaliculatus, and H. umbonatus were associated with their adults using independent DNA sequences (the nuclear 28S-D2 fragment and the mitochondrial COI barcode gene) and were compared to metamorphotypes where available. Phylograms based on both genes revealed deep intraspecific divergences in several species, suggesting that cryptic diversity is likely common within the genus. Illustrated larval descriptions are provided for the three associated species. However, the larvae of species in the H. melli Complex cannot be morphologically differentiated from each other.
Stearoyl CoA Desaturase 1 and Inositol-Requiring Protein 1α Determine the Efficiency of Oleic Acid in Alleviating Silica Nanoparticle-Induced Insulin Resistance
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyang , Wang Min , Liu Jingjing , Su Xiong
Published: August 2021

Despite the widespread use of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs), their metabolic impact and mechanisms of action have not been well studied. Exposure to SiNPs induces insulin resistance (IR) in hepatocytes by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via inositol-requiring protein 1α
(IRE1α) activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK). It has been well established that stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD1) and its major product oleic acid elicited beneficial effects in restoring ER homeostasis. However, the potential coordination of SCD1 and IRE1α in
determining SiNP regulation of insulin signaling is unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects of SCD1 and oleic acid on IR induced by SiNPs or thapsigargin in hepatocytes. SCD1 overexpression or oleic acid efficiently reversed SiNP-induced ER stress and IR, whereas the effects of thapsigargin
treatment could not be restored. Thapsigargin diminished SCD1 protein levels, leading to the accumulation of IRE1α and sustained activation of the IRE1α/JNK pathway. Moreover, knockdown of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) upstream of SCD1 suppressed SiNP-induced
SCD1 expression, rescued the activated IRE1α, and inhibited insulin signaling but was not able to restore the effects of thapsigargin. Collectively, downregulation of SCD1 and excess accumulation of IRE1α protein prevented the beneficial effects of exogenous oleic
acid on IR induced by ER stress. Our results provide valuable mechanistic insights into the synergic regulation of IR by SiNPs and ER stress and suggest a combinational strategy to restore ER homeostasis by targeting SCD1 and IRE1α proteins, as well as supplementation of unsaturated
fatty acids.
Automatic Segmentation and Classification of COVID-19 CT Image Using Deep Learning and Multi-Scale Recurrent Neural Network Based Classifier
Authors: Subhalakshmi R. T. , Appavu Alias Balamurugan S. , Sasikala S.
Published: August 2021

In recent times, the COVID-19 epidemic turn out to be increased in an extreme manner, by the accessibility of an inadequate amount of rapid testing kits. Consequently, it is essential to develop the automated techniques for Covid-19 detection to recognize the existence of disease from the radiological images. The most ordinary symptoms of COVID-19 are sore throat, fever, and dry cough. Symptoms are able to progress to a rigorous type of pneumonia with serious impediment. As medical imaging is not recommended currently in Canada for crucial COVID-19 diagnosis, systems of computer-aided diagnosis might aid in early COVID-19 abnormalities detection and help out to observe the disease progression, reduce mortality rates potentially. In this approach, a deep learning based design for feature extraction and classification is employed for automatic COVID-19 diagnosis from computed tomography (CT) images. The proposed model operates on three main processes based pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification. The proposed design incorporates the fusion of deep features using GoogLe Net models. Finally, Multi-scale Recurrent Neural network (RNN) based classifier is applied for identifying and classifying the test CT images into distinct class labels. The experimental validation of the proposed model takes place using open-source COVID-CT dataset, which comprises a total of 760 CT images. The experimental outcome defined the superior performance with the maximum sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.
Efficient Detection Using Soft Computing Approach of Modified Fuzzy C-Means Based Outlier Detection in Electronics Patient Records Systems
Authors: Kathiresan V. , Karthik S.
Published: August 2021

Outliers are the data objects or data elements which are deviated from the observation or population in the dataset. Normally outliers are considered as noise data but in recent days outliers are taken vital role in the applications like healthcare systems to energetically check for
any malignant, irregular, or abnormal behaviour. Accuracy of the outlier detection is purely based upon the efficiency of outlier detection methods and application where the outlier detection is involved. In this paper we design hybrid three phase modified fuzzy c-means and diverse distance
based outlier detection method for distributed dataset to detect the unusual usage of data and illegitimate approach in large-scale integral networks, especially in healthcare sectors (EPR systems). The proposed algorithm combining the features of modified C-Means Fuzzification, Z-score and
Manhattan distance in outlier identification. The proposed algorithm provides efficiency in outlier detection on univariate EPRdata. This paper also mainly focuses the application intrusion detection in healthcare data. The algorithm is tested on real world dataset of machine learning database
repository (UCIML).
Preparation and properties of ZrO2-5CrMnMo composites by ceramic injection molding
Authors: Sun Yonggen , Fei Yanhan , Wang Yanchun , Jin Yuhui , Du Lanjun , Cheng Yuansheng , Du Zhiming
Published: August 2021

ZrO2-5CrMnMo composites were fabricated by ceramic injection molding in this research. The hardness and wear properties of ZrO2 ceramic layer and 5CrMnMo substrate were investigated. Moreover, physical properties and microstructures of ZrO2 ceramic coatings
were studied and the interfaces of composite samples were observed. The results illustrated that the interface was smooth and properly bonded, and it was concluded that the 5CrMnMo substrate ceramic layer could be provided effectively by ZrO2 ceramic coating. Thermal insulation
and thermal shock cycle tests were carried out. The heat insulating property of ZrO2 ceramic coating was remarkable, and even better at a high temperature. The composite samples prepared at 1200 °C did not failed until after more than 68 thermal shocks. The main reasons of limiting
the application of this composites so far were still the physical and thermodynamic mismatch between ceramics and steel. But the composite samples fabricated by ceramic injection molding showed excellent thermal shock resistance and high bonding strength in this work.
Defect controls by silicon doping in non-polar a-plane AlGaN epi-layers
Authors: He Tianlong , Tian Ming , Yin Junhua , Chen Shuai , Wan Lingyu , Zeng Ruosheng , Zhang Chi , Lin Tao , Zou Bingsuo
Published: August 2021

Deposition of high-quality Si-doped crystalline AlGaN layers, especially non-polar-grown AlGaN layers, is critical and remains difficult in preparing AlGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs), as the Si-doping-induced variations of crystalline structures are still under exploration.
In this work, structural characterizations of Si-doped AlxGa1−xN layers were carried out by associating with examination of their carrier recombination behaviors in photoluminescence (PL) processes, to clarify the physical mechanism on how Si doping
controls the formation of structural defects in AlGaN alloy. The obtained results showed that Si doping induced extrinsic shallow donor states and increased the densities of point defects like cation vacancies. On the contrary, Si doping suppressed formation of line defects like dislocations
and planar defects like stacking faults with suitable doping concentration. These results may guide further improvement of UV-LEDs based on AlGaN alloy.
Impact of the mean state on El Niño induced western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone during its decaying summer in AMIP models
Authors: Wang Xieyuan , Li Tim , He Chao
Published: August 2021

Through the diagnosis of 29 Atmospheric Model Inter-comparison Project (AMIP) experiments from the CMIP5 inter-comparison project, we investigate the impact of the mean state on simulated western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone (WNPAC) during El Niño decaying summer. The result indicates that the inter-model difference of the JJA mean precipitation in the Indo-western Pacific warm pool is responsible for the difference of the WNPAC. During the decaying summer of an Eastern Pacific (EP) type El Niño, a model that simulates excessive mean rainfall over the western North Pacific (WNP) reproduces a stronger WNPAC response, through an enhanced local convection-circulation-moisture feedback. The intensity of the simulated WNPAC during the decay summer of a Central Pacific (CP) type El Niño, on the other hand, depends on the mean precipitation over the tropical Indian Ocean. The distinctive WNPAC-mean precipitation relationships between the EP and CP El Niño result from different anomalous SST patterns in the WNP. While the local SST anomaly plays an active role in maintaining the WNPAC during the EP El Niño, it plays a passive role during the CP El Niño. As a result, only the mean-state precipitation/moisture field in the tropical Indian Ocean modulates the circulation anomaly in the WNP in the latter case.