bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRODUCTIVE ZAKAT DISTRIBUTION OF BUILDING VILLAGE MODEL TO INCREASE MUSTAHIQ INCOME
Authors: Sahman Z  , Rizka  , Muchammad Taufiq Affandi  , Anindya Salsabila  , Muthoifin
Published: December 2023

This study outlines the productive zakat distribution model, with the assisted village model developed by the National Amil Zakat Agency of Karanganyar Regency, which is expected to be able to convert mustahiq into munfiq or even muzaki more effectively and efficiently. BAZNAS or other zakat institutions have never done this model, so it is essential to examine its effectiveness, if it has a positive impact then this model needs to be developed by other institutions/agencies engaged in similar fields. This research is included in the type of field research with qualitative descriptive methods. The primary data in this study was obtained from the Head of Distribution and Utilization of BAZNAS Karanganyar, his Volunteer team, and Mustahik. Secondary data in this study was sourced from the 2020-2021 Karanganyar Regency BAZNAS Accountability Report and other relevant documents. Data collection techniques in this study are interview, observation and documentation techniques. The results showed that the distribution of productive zakat with the assisted village model was very effective, as evidenced by increasing income, developing mustahik businesses and being able to create jobs while increasing production and sales.
Investigation of Coordination Compounds of Gadolinium (III) With b-Diketones
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of NAS of Ukraine Akad.Palladin Avenue, 32/34, Kyiv, Ukraine, 03142., Berezhnytska Оleksandra ,   National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», 37, Beresteisky Avenue, Kyiv, Ukraine, 03056, Horbenko Artur ,   V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of NAS of Ukraine Akad.Palladin Avenue, 32/34, Kyiv, Ukraine, 03142., Savchenko Irina ,   National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Rohovtsov Oleksandr ,   V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of NAS of Ukraine Akad.Palladin Avenue, 32/34, Kyiv, Ukraine, 03142., Rusakova Nataliya ,   A.V. BogatskyPhysico-Chemical Institute NASU, Odessa, Ukraine, Trunova Оlena ,   V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of NAS of Ukraine Akad.Palladin Avenue, 32/34, Kyiv, Ukraine, 03142.
Published: December 2023

New coordination compounds of gadolinium with -diketones containing unsaturated and aliphatic or aromatic substituents in the -positions of the chelate ring have been synthesized. The performed quantum-chemical calculations of ligand molecules indicate the best acceptor properties of ligands with aromatic substituents. An analysis of the IR spectra and quantum chemical calculations of the metal complexes indicates the bidentate-chelate coordination of the ligand molecules and their arrangement in different planes, regardless of the nature and geometric structure of the substituent in the β-diketone molecule. The energies of the triplet levels of the ligands are calculated. The morphology and dispersion of the synthesized metal complexes have been studied.
Crystal Smectic G Phase Retarder for the Real-Time Spatial-Temporal Modulation of Optical Information
Authors:   Vladimir Chavchanidze Institute of Cybernetics of the Georgian Technical University,5 Z. Andjzaparidze St., Tbilisi, 0186, Georgia, Petriashvili Gia , Chanishvili Andro ,   Vladimir Chavchanidze Institute of Cybernetics of the Georgian Technical University,5 Z. Andjzaparidze St., Tbilisi, 0186, Georgia, Ponjavidze Nino ,   Vladimir Chavchanidze Institute of Cybernetics of the Georgian Technical University,5 Z. Andjzaparidze St., Tbilisi, 0186, Georgia, Chubinidze Ketevan ,   Vladimir Chavchanidze Institute of Cybernetics of the Georgian Technical University,5 Z. Andjzaparidze St., Tbilisi, 0186, Georgia, Tatrishvili Tamara ,   IvaneJavakhishvili’ Tbilisi State University, Department of Macromolecular Chemistry, 1 I. Chavchavadze Ave., Tbilisi, 0179, Georgia,   Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, IvaneJavakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 1 I. Chavchavadze Ave., Tbilisi, 0179, Georgia, Kalandia Elene ,   Vladimir Chavchanidze Institute of Cybernetics of the Georgian Technical University,5 Z. Andjzaparidze St., Tbilisi, 0186, Georgia, Petriashvili Ana ,   Vladimir Chavchanidze Institute of Cybernetics of the Georgian Technical University,5 Z. Andjzaparidze St., Tbilisi, 0186, Georgia, Makharadze Tamar ,   Vladimir Chavchanidze Institute of Cybernetics of the Georgian Technical University,5 Z. Andjzaparidze St., Tbilisi, 0186, Georgia
Published: December 2023

We have manufactured and investigated a novel phase retarder based on a rare and less studied liquid crystal phase, such as the Crystal Smectic G-phase prepared by mixing two certified nematic mixtures. The phase retarder is transparent in the visible and near-infrared parts of the optical spectrum. The temperature stability over a wide temperature range, high birefringence, and high strength, allow the production of various types of phase retarders that can be used in optics, optical chemical analysis,and polarimetry.
Study on Regularities of Polyethylene Waste Low-Temperature Pyrolysis
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 S. Bandery St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Hrynyshyn Ksenia , Chervinskyy Taras ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 S. Bandery St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Helzhynskyy Igor ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 S. Bandery St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Skorokhoda Volodymyr ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 S. Bandery St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
Published: December 2023

A low-temperature pyrolysis with pyrocondensate as a target product is one of the options for processing polyethylene waste. The fractional composition and properties of the pyrocondensate obtained at different temperatures and times were studied. Pyrocondensate was separated into gasoline, diesel fractions, and the residue. The composition and properties of mentioned fractions were established and related to the conditions of the pyrolysis process. X-ray fluorescence analysis of pyrocondensate and narrow fractions isolated from it was carried out.
Effect of Glass Fiber Reinforcement on the Mechanical Properties of Polyester Composites
Authors: Antipas I. R.
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Glass fibers significantly improve the quality of composite materials, make them lighter, stronger, more corrosion resistant and thermally stable. Strengths and weaknesses of specific composites are actively discussed in the scientific and applied literature. At the same time, the effect of the ratio of fibers and matrix material on the mechanical characteristics of composites has not been sufficiently investigated. The presented study is intended to fill this gap. The work is aimed at manufacturing a composite material on a polymer basis reinforced with glass fiber, and investigating the influence of weight ratios of elements on the mechanical characteristics of the composite. For the first time, a report on the comparison of the characteristics of composites (with different fiber content) to each other and to steel is published.

Materials and Methods. Fiberglass and polyester were used as starting materials with the addition of a mediator to speed up the molding process. The samples were made manually and tested for tensile strength, hardness, and impact strength using standard equipment. The results were summarized in the form of tables, visualized in the form of graphs, and processed by comparative analysis.

Results. The technique of creating samples and methods of their testing were described. The research showed that hardness, tensile strength and impact resistance increased with a growth in the percentage of randomly distributed fiberglass to 50% with 50% unsaturated polyester. In this case, the maximum values of tensile strength — 175.4 MPa, hardness — 38 HV and impact resistance — 1.56 J/mm2 were obtained. The inexpediency of exceeding the proportion of fiberglass by more than 50% was experimentally proven, since mechanical properties deteriorated. This was due, in particular, to the fragility of the glass, which, if the proportions were violated, was transmitted to the entire composite. In addition, with an excessively high volume of reinforcing fibers, the resin was not enough for high-quality bonding of the elements, which significantly reduced the strength of the material. Most of the mechanical characteristics of a composite made of 50% polyester and 50% fiberglass are better than those of steel.

Discussion and Conclusion. It has been proved that the properties of the composite material depend significantly on the glass fiber content. The resulting composite was compared to steel. It turned out that it had better mechanical characteristics and less weight. This allows us to recommend the material for boat hulls.
Factors Affecting E-Banking Service in Jordanian Commercial Banks
Authors: Al-Nassar Amjed Jasim Naeemah
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to determine the variables influencing electronic banking services in Jordanian commercial banks. The study sample consisted of 13 commercial banks, according to the study’s variables. The descriptive and analytical approach and other statistical techniques were employed, including the fixed effect test and descriptive statistics. No statistically significant impact at the level was found, according to the findings of significance (p < 0.05) for total assets on electronic banking services, and there is no statistically significant impact at the level of significance (p < 0.05) for total capital and provisions, total credit facilities, and total deposits on commercial banks in Jordan that offer electronic banking. The study recommended that the banking sector focuses on all the main elements related to electronic banking services by comparing traditional banking services with electronic banking services, knowing the factors affecting that, and paying attention to them to raise the profitability level.
ANALYSIS OF GARUDA INDONESIA'S PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION USING AIRCRAFT LIVERY WITH MASK VIA INSTAGRAM
Authors: Putri Cynthia Eka , Kurniawan Roni
Published: December 2023

This study aims to describe how the analysis of persuasive communication carried out by Garuda Indonesia through the launch of a masked aircraft livery aims to persuade the public to comply with health protocols by using masks. In analyzing the researchers combined the six elements of a persuasion strategy according to Dr. Robert B. Cialdini with the AIDA formula using a qualitative approach and descriptive content analysis research method. The researcher made observations on Garuda Indonesia's Instagram on October 1, 2020 and was strengthened by the results of interviews with two external sources. The results of this study explain that of the six persuasion strategies proposed by Cialdini, Garuda Indonesia has a tendency not to use the Reciprocation strategy in uploaded messages, and to strengthen the delivery of these messages, the AIDA formula has been combined in this study which results in these messages having an effect on generating Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action to encourage followers using masks.
ESTUDIO HIDRODINÁMICO DE UN REACTOR ANULAR DE FASE LÍQUIDA Y AGITADO CON AIRE
Authors: Montaño-Bello Daniela , Zea Ramírez Hugo Ricardo
Published: December 2023

La caracterización hidrodinámica de reactores químicos es un paso clave en el diseño de plantas piloto y reactores a escala industrial. En este trabajo se determinó la distribución del tiempo de residencia y el modelo de flujo para un reactor anular multifásico de 12 litros. Utilizando experimentos de entrada de pulsos, se determinó la distribución del tiempo de residencia (RTD) de acuerdo con las variaciones de los parámetros de flujo, empacado y agitación. Comparando la respuesta del trazador con los modelos de flujo, el modelo de tanques agitados en serie con n=4 se ajusta mejor al reactor sin agitación, mientras que el modelo CSTR es mejor para la configuración de un reactor agitado con aire.
SISTEMA DE IDENTIFICACIÓN ENFERMEDADES Y PLAGAS EN EL CULTIVO DE SANDÍA
Authors: Cueto Morelo Raúl , Atencio Flórez Juan , Gómez Gómez Jorge Eliécer
Published: December 2023

En este estudio se desarrolló una aplicación móvil bajo el nombre “Sandiapp”, con el objetivo de identificar las diferentes plagas y enfermedades que afectan el cultivo de sandía en el municipio de San Bernardo del Viento - Córdoba. Para cumplir con este objetivo, se realizó un levantamiento de campo utilizando el método cuantitativo, como estudio sistemático de los hechos dentro de los cuales se presentó el caso, para obtener información útil para formular la propuesta y sustentar la propuesta a través de un sistema que a través del aprendizaje automático identifica los tipos de plagas y enfermedades que afectan los cultivos de sandía. Para el desarrollo de este proyecto se utilizaron ciertos algoritmos de visión artificial, el cual consiste en reconocer formas, distancias, ángulos, colores y determinar las dimensiones de la planta de sandía. Para realizar este procedimiento se ha considerado la forma y tamaño de la lámina. A través de las pruebas realizadas durante el desarrollo de este trabajo se concluye que: Mediante la implementación del sistema de visión artificial se demostró el incremento en el porcentaje de agricultores, los cuales ahora cuentan con un mayor nivel de información sobre plagas y enfermedades del cultivo de sandía.
Comparison of distance and blended learning models on UIN Saizu Purwokerto students' learning outcomes
Authors: Gunawan Yosi Intan Pandini , Rohman Mujibur
Published: December 2023

The case of the Covid-19 pandemic led to a government policy to enforce online learning with distance learning and blended learning models. Lecturers are required to present learning innovations using these two models to continue to achieve maximum learning outcomes and student learning outcomes. It is through the implementation of distance learning that students can study anywhere. The blended learning model is innovative and collaborates offline/face-to-face lectures with online lectures. With the implementation of this online learning system, both distance learning and blended learning have differences in student learning outcomes. This study aims to determine the differences in student learning outcomes using distance learning and blended learning models regarding cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. The research method used in this study is quantitative, with a research design using a comparative test to compare learning outcomes between two groups with different treatments. One group uses distance learning, and one group uses blended learning. The data analysis technique used to answer the hypothesis of this research is a statistic with different/comparative test, the t-test with statistical test Kolmogorov Test and Shapiro-Wilks Test to determine normality test and homogeneity test, and a nonparametric test using the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed no significant difference in cognitive, affective (activeness), and psychomotor learning achievement between students who learned to use the distance learning and blended learning models. Significant differences in learning achievement only occur in the affective aspect, particularly in student discipline in learning. Students who learn to use blended learning have better discipline than those who use distance learning.
Quora: A popular platform to promote students' reading comprehension skill
Authors: Muliyah Pipit , Ma'rufah Desi Wijayanti , Mustangin Mustangin
Published: December 2023

Reading comprehension is a fundamental skill in mastering English. Relying solely on classroom instruction is insufficient for providing students with a comprehensive understanding of English texts. As a result, students must actively cultivate their self-directed learning abilities. It  enables them to prioritize and focus on the areas they need to improve. Unfortunately, developing independent learning skills can be challenging without encouragement from teachers and an understanding of what they are learning. Thankfully, technology, such as language learning applications, can help overcome this challenge. This study examines using the Quora language learning application to enhance students' reading comprehension skills in English outside the classroom. Using qualitative research, this study involved 18 economic sharia students taking English for Business subject, and data was collected through a questionnaire and interviews. The findings revealed that Quora helped students improve their reading comprehension skills and supported their independent learning by allowing them to study English anywhere and anytime. As a result, students could take control of their learning and significantly improve their English reading skills.
Students’ Tolerance for Uncertainty in Relation to Their Coping Strategies
Authors:   Udmurt State University, Suntsova Yana S.
Published: December 2023

The article touches upon the issue of students’ tolerance to uncertainty in relation to their coping strategies. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the ability to act in situations of uncertainty reflects the individual’s readiness for change, which is especially important in the context of global changes related to the subject’s daily life. Students are one of the vulnerable categories of people to experiences in a state of uncertainty caused by a lack of experience in making independent decisions. Cluster analysis was used to determine the groups of students differing in the expression of coping strategy indicators; Mann – Whitney U-criterion was used to establish the differentiation of coping strategies manifestations and indicators of students’ tolerance to uncertainty. Three groups of subjects were identified: students with unproductive, relatively productive and pro-ductive coping strategies; the peculiarities of students’ tolerance to uncertainty belonging to each group were studied.
Theoretical Approaches and Methodological Possibilities for Diagnosing the Psychological Well-Being of Employees in the Spatial Environment of the Office
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow State Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, Reva Alina R.
Published: December 2023

Current research shows that workplace and workplace environmental factors can have an impact on human health and well-being, as well as successful professional self-determination of the individual, defining the rela-tionship between the spatial environment of psychological activity and professional self-determination, satis-faction with the quality of conditions and the organization of work that contribute to achieving success in life, in general. However, empirical studies based on the relationship between the physical factors of the working envi-ronment, the health and well-being of employees are few. This article presents an overview of modern scien-tific research on the impact of the spatial environment of professional activity on the physical, psychological and social well-being of employees working in office premises, studies and describes some methods of organ-izing research, processing and analyzing data.
Preparing Future Teachers to Form the Foundations of Safe Behavior of Students in Cyberspace
Authors:   Surgut State Pedagogical University, Mylchenko Ivan V.
Published: December 2023

The article presents one of the ways to improve the effectiveness of professional training of future teachers to form the foundations of safe behavior of students in cyberspace. The author substantiates the relevance of the issues under consideration, the degree of scientific elaboration, as well as the actual problems in the process of preparing future teachers to solve professional tasks of this type. To improve the process of professional training of future teachers to form the foundations of safe behavior in cyberspace for students, the author pro-poses and reveals the essence of two groups of conditions: substantive and procedural-technological. The list of substantive conditions substantiates the impact of the development and the introduction of the elective course “Fundamentals of security in cyberspace”, as well as filling the information and educational environ-ment of the university. Among the procedural-technological conditions, the author considers the importance of instructional assemblies and the inclusion of situational tasks in the educational process of professional train-ing of future teachers. The integrity and coverage of the conditions of all components of the activity allows the author to talk about improving the quality of professional training of future teachers to form the foundations of safe behavior of students in cyberspace.
The Problem of Adaptation of Foreign Students to Online Learning Practices at Russian Universities
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Karpova Natalia V. , Len’kov Roman V. ,   Moscow State University of Humanities and Economics
Published: December 2023

The article presents the results of an exploratory sociological study conducted in September-October 2023 on the problem of the influence of online learning educational practices on the social adaptation of foreign stu-dents at universities in Russia. The empirical object of research was Chinese citizens studying at Lomonosov Moscow State University and currently located on the territory of the Russian Federation. The study, using an online survey, obtained answers to questions about the attitude of Chinese students to the organization of the educational process, the practices of their interaction and communications in small study groups. It has been empirically proven that the attitude of Chinese students to any form of education depends on the extent to which the issue of overcoming the language barrier and building intercultural communication is resolved in a particular educational practice. At the same time, they associate a positive attitude towards online learning with the opportunity to study without the need to be on the territory of the Russian Federation, and a negative one with communication problems, particularly the lack of direct communication with a teacher.
Sociological Perspectives of Studying Help-Seeking Behavior
Authors:   Leonid E. Plutov, Plutov Leonid E.
Published: December 2023

Scientific solution of one of the topical problems of mental health of the population – the discrepancy between the need for psychological aid and the prevalence of seeking it – is currently explained by the concept of “help-seeking behavior”. However, in the world literature, this concept is a subject of discussion and faces a lack of a systematic methodological approach to its study, measurement and interpretation. The aim of the article is to reveal the possibilities of sociological knowledge applied to the studies of help-seeking behavior. The results of a secondary meta-analysis of systematic reviews on the topic (N = 416 articles) indicate a lack of theoretical framework and the need to build up comprehensive conceptual models using a macro-sociological perspec-tive.The literary review facilitated theoretical and methodological recommendations for future empiri-cal research, which is increasing with the growing attention of society to the problem of public mental health.
The Current State of Higher Education in Syria and the Problems of Migration
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Diana Halabi
Published: December 2023

The article presents an analysis of the current situation in the field of higher education in Syria. In the context of the prolonged military conflict and political instability that has engulfed the country, the Syrian higher education system has faced serious challenges. The author highlights the most important problems of Syrian higher edu-cation, including its accessibility, the quality of educational programs, financing and infrastructure of educa-tional institutions. The impact of the conflict on academic research, migration mobility of students and teachers, and prospects for the restoration of the higher education system in Syria are also assessed. Along with this, the article contains recommendations and suggestions for improving the state of higher education in the country. Sociological theories and approaches were also applied in this work, which used research analysis methods, and were based on qualitative and quantitative research approaches such as interviews, questionnaires, statis-tical analysis and the theory of transnationality: this approach emphasizes the links between countries and transnational aspects of migration. The author analyzes how education affects transnational mobility and the reverse impact of migration on educational processes. The author used a Structural and functional approach to analyze the functionality of the Syrian higher education system and identify problems in its key structural ele-ments. The study is important for understanding the problems faced by higher education institutions in conflict countries, and can serve as a starting point for further research and development of educational, youth and migration policy in Syria.
On Automorphism-invariant multiplication modules over a noncommutative ring
Authors: Thuyet Le Van , Quynh Truong Cong
Published: December 2023

One of the important classes of modules is the class of multiplication modules over a commutative ring. This topic has been considered by many authors and numerous results have been obtained in this area. After that, Tuganbaev also considered the multiplication module over a noncommutative ring. In this paper, we continue to consider the automorphism-invariance of multiplication modules over a noncommutative ring. We prove that if $R$ is a right duo ring and $M$ is a multiplication, finitely generated right $R$-module with a generating set $\{m_1, \dots , m_n\}$ such that $r(m_i) = 0$ and $[m_iR: M] \subseteq C(R)$ the center of $R$, then $M$ is projective. Moreover, if $R$ is a right duo, left quasi-duo, CMI ring and $M$ is a multiplication, non-singular, automorphism-invariant, finitely generated right $R$-module with a generating set $\{m_1, \dots , m_n\}$ such that $r(m_i) = 0$ and $[m_iR: M] \subseteq C(R)$ the center of $R$, then $M_R \cong R$ is injective.
Echocardiographic values and prevalence of cardiac abnormalities in clinically healthy adult Borzoi dogs
Authors: Wesselowski Sonya , Sykes K. Tess , Saunders Ashley B. , Werre Stephen R.
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE

To develop breed-specific echocardiographic values for normal Borzoi and to report the prevalence of structural cardiac abnormalities.

ANIMALS

146 clinically healthy, adult Borzoi dogs.

METHODS

Cardiac auscultation and standard echocardiograms were performed. Longitudinal follow-up was described in a subset of dogs (n = 25).

RESULTS

Most Borzoi were structurally normal (119/146, 81.5%), with breed-specific echocardiographic values generated independently for each sex, as females weighed significantly less than males (30.4 ± 3.8 kg vs 38.3 ± 4.1 kg, respectively; P < .001), and a significant impact of sex was found on most measurements. Physiologic heart murmurs were identified in 64/119 (53.8%) normal dogs. Thirty-six (30.2%) structurally normal dogs had trace or mild mitral regurgitation, and 43 (36.1%) had trace or mild tricuspid regurgitation. Structural cardiac disease was identified in 21 dogs (14.4%), including 9 dogs (6.2%) with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), 9 dogs (6.2%) with stage B1 myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), and 3 (2.1%) dogs with congenital abnormalities. Seven dogs (4.8%) had equivocal abnormalities. During follow-up, new dogs were diagnosed with occult DCM (n = 3), equivocal DCM (1), and stage B1 MMVD (2). Two dogs originally diagnosed with DCM (1 occult and 1 equivocal) normalized after diet change.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Borzoi dogs commonly have physiologic heart murmurs and mild atrioventricular valve regurgitation. Both DCM and MMVD were identified at similar frequencies in healthy Borzoi, although dogs with MMVD all had normal heart sizes. Echocardiographic screening for DCM in Borzoi should be considered, with breed-specific echocardiographic values now available for improved diagnostic confidence.
Ileocecal intussusception in horses: 26 cases (1981-1988)
Authors: Ford Troy S. , Freeman David E. , Ross Michael W. , Richardson Dean W. , Martin Benson B. , Madison John B.
Published: December 2023

The case records of 26 horses with ileocecal intussusception over a 7-year period were reviewed to determine clinical features of the disease and response to treatment. The median age of horses with ileocecal intussusception was 1 year and ranged from 2 weeks to 19 years. There was no apparent gender or breed predisposition to this disease.

An acute form of ileocecal intussusception was diagnosed in 19 horses with signs of moderate to severe abdominal pain of:$ 24 hours' duration, and a chronic form was diagnosed in 7 horses with signs of intermittent, mild to moderate abdominal pain of more than 3 days' duration. Horses with chronic ileocecal intussusception had a history of weight loss or failure to gain weight, slow growth, poor appetite, low-grade pyrexia, and postprandial signs of abdominal pain. At surgery, the involved segments of intestine (intussusceptum and intussuscipiens) in chronic cases were 2 to 10 cm long, and the ileum and much of the distal portion of the jejunum were flaccid, dilated, and thick walled. In the acute cases, the length of involved intestine ranged from 6 to 457 cm. Whereas only 1 of 7 chronic intussusceptions (14%) could be reduced, 9 of 19 (47%) acute intussusceptions were reducible.

Surgical treatment included resection and jejunocecostomy (6 horses), partial resection through a cecotomy and a side-to-side jejunocecostomy (2 horses), and a side-to-side ileocecostomy or jejunocecostomy without resection (12 horses, 7 of which had chronic intussusception). Six horses with acute intussusception were euthanatized before or during surgery. Four horses with acute intussusception died or were euthanatized between 2 and 9 months after surgery, 1 from unknown causes, 2 from impaction at the anastomosis, and 1 from small-intestinal strangulation. Two horses were lost to long-term follow-up. Horses with chronic intussusception survived, but some of these horses had a slow postoperative recovery.
Diagnostic ultrasonography for evaluation of cryptorchidism in horses
Authors: Jann Henry W. , Rains Jerry R.
Published: December 2023

The location and size of 11 retained testes were accurately determined ultrasonographically. There was 100% correlation between the location of the testis determined by ultrasound vs that determined by surgery. Testicular size determined presurgically in all cases closely approximated the actual size obtained by gross measurement of the excised testis. The cryptorchid testicular echotexture was less dense than that of the normal descended testicles, but was easily identified.

Ultrasonographic evaluations were completed by use of an ultrasound base unit with attached 5-MHz transrectal transducer. Rectal scans were started at the pelvic brim and continued in a to-and-fro pattern between the midline and the lateral abdominal wall. When the testis was located, the image was froze to allow measurement. All testicular locations were ascertained ultrasonographically either by rectal or external inguinal scans.
Endoscopic evaluation of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in association with poor performance in racing Standardbreds
Authors: MacNamara Brian , Bauer Susan , Iafe James
Published: December 2023

Endoscopic examinations were performed on 965 Standardbred racehorses competing at Yonkers Raceway between June 16 and Aug 3, 1988, to demonstrate an association between exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and poor racing performance.

Findings suggested that both exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease adversely affect performance, whereas a combination of the 2 conditions more severely affects racing performance than do either of the conditions individually.
Pericarditis in horses: Six cases (1982-1986)
Authors: Bernard William , Reef Virginia B. , Clark E. Susan , Vaala Wendy , Ehnen Sandra J.
Published: December 2023

Records of 6 horses with pericarditis were reviewed. Septic pericarditis was suspected in all horses, based on historic and clinical findings. In horses 1, 2, and 4, cytologic examination of the pericardial effusion revealed acute inflammation with severe neutrophil degeneration. In horses 3 and 5, cytologic examination of pericardial fluid revealed subacute inflammation with degenerated neutrophils, and in horse 6, chronic active inflammation, with well preserved neutrophils. In horses 1 and 3, bacteria were identified on cytologic examination of pericardial fluid. Results of microbiologic cultures of pericardial fluid were positive in horse 3. All horses were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. An indwelling pericardial catheter was used to lavage and directly administer antibiotics into the pericardial sac. Horses 1, 4, 5, and 6 survived, horse 2 died of unrelated causes, and horse 3 was euthanatized at the owner's request. Surviving horses returned to athletic performance.
Efficacy of a vaccine to prevent Chlamydia- or Campylobacter-induced abortions in ewes
Authors: Hansen Donald E. , Hedstrom Olaf R. , Sonn Robert J. , Snyder Stanley P.
Published: December 2023

In a sheep flock, Chlamydia psittaci, Campylobacter fetus, Ca jejuni, and Salmonella dublin caused abortions. A vaccine that contained C psittaci type I from 2 sources: a cow with pneumonia and an aborted ovine fetus, Ca fetus, Ca jejuni, and 4 strains of K99 Escherichia coli was given to 240 ewes before they were bred. All fetuses, placentas, and lambs, that died within 36 hours of birth were examined for infectious agents. Of 55 abortions, 30 (55%) were caused by Chlamydia or Campylobacter spp; 25 of the 30 (83%) abortions took place in the nonvaccinated group (n = 240). Forty-five more lambs survived in the vaccinated group than in the nonvaccinated group. Abortion rates for Chlamydia and Campylobacter spp (2.1 vs 10.4% in vaccinated and nonvaccinated groups, respectively) were significantly different (P = 0.003). Abortion rates for S dublin were not significantly different between groups. The Salmonella epizootic was controlled quickly by sanitation and treatment procedures. The vaccine was at least 80% efficacious against Chlamydia and Campylobacter spp and appeared to be protective.
Effect of otic medications containing glucocorticoids on liver function test results in healthy dogs
Authors: Meyer D. J. , Moriello Karen A. , Feder Brett M. , Fehrer-Sawyer Susan L. , Maxwell Anna K.
Published: December 2023

Otic medications containing triamcinolone or dexamethasone were administered twice daily for 21 days to 2 groups of 4 healthy dogs each. Serum alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltransferase, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase activities, and serum bile acid and lipoprotein-X concentrations were assayed for 35 days.

Increased serum activities for γ-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine transaminase were detected by day 7 and peaked at day 21. Increases were greater in dogs given the dexamethasone-containing medication. Enzyme activity returned to baseline by day 35. Serum aspartate transaminase activity and bile acid and lipoprotein-X concentrations did not increase.
Coliform septicemia and pulmonary disease associated with canine parvoviral enteritis: 88 cases (1987-1988)
Authors: Turk James , Miller Margaret , Brown Tom , Fales William , Fischer John , Gosser Harvey , Nelson Stuart , Shaw Dan , Solorzano Robert
Published: December 2023

Parvovirus infection was confirmed by fluorescent antibody staining or viral culturing in 137 (22%) of 615 necropsy accessions from dogs at the Missouri Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory from Jan 1, 1987 through Sept 30, 1988. Septicemic colibacillosis was diagnosed in 88 (90%) of the 98 canine parvovirus-positive accessions in which liver or lung was cultured bacteriologically. Pulmonary edema or alveolitis similar to that seen in the human adult respiratory distress syndrome was observed in 63 (69%) of the 91 canine parvovirus-positive accessions in which the lungs were examined histologically.
Relationship of growth performance to pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis detected in pigs at slaughter
Authors: Scheidt A.B. , Mayrose V.B. , Hill M.A. , Clark L.K. , Cline T.R. , Knox K.E. , Runnels L.J. , Frantz S. , Einstein M.E.
Published: December 2023

Three commercial swine herds were selected for study, because pigs at slaughter consistently had lung lesions typical of bronchopneumonia and snout lesions consistent with atrophic rhinitis. Pigs were reared in the conventional system for each herd except that they were identified at birth and weighed at various intervals. At slaughter, individual pig lungs and snout were examined for lesions of pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis, respectively. Lesions were scored and correlated with growth indicators for each pig. Included in the growth indicators were: average daily gain (growing phase), average daily gain (finishing phase), average daily gain (total), and days to reach 104.5-kg body weight. Additionally, for each pig, scores for lung lesions were correlated to grades for snout lesions. Three correlation coefficients for measurements of pigs within herd B were significant and included days to 104.5-kg body weight and grades for snout lesions, ‒0.15 (P < 0.02); average daily gain (finishing) and grades for snout lesions, 0.17 (P < 0.01); and average daily gain (total) and grades for snout lesions, 0.16 (P < 0.01). Contrary to findings in other investigations, pigs that attained market weight at the youngest age did not have the lowest score for lung lesions, the lowest grade for snout lesions, or the least extensive or severe lesions. Combining data from all 3 herds, the mean scores for lung lesions and mean grades for snout lesions decreased significantly (P < 0.05) as the age of pigs at slaughter increased. All other statistical correlations were not significant. Results do not justify the use of scores for lung or snout lesions evaluated at slaughter to estimate the reduction in growth rate or the economic impact of pneumonia or atrophic rhinitis.
Cold agglutinins in cats with haemobartonellosis
Authors: Zulty Joseph C. , Kociba Gary J.
Published: December 2023

Coombs-positive anemia developed in cats inoculated with Haemobartonella felis. Cold agglutinins were detected in serum during the acute stage of the disease when anemia was present. The cold agglutinating activity was associated with IgM, was demonstrated at 4 C, and was abolished by treatment of sera with 2-mercaptoethanol. At 4 C, the sera from infected cats agglutinated or lysed parasitized autologous erythrocytes or normal erythrocytes pretreated with neuraminidase. These data indicate that cold agglutinins are associated with haemobartonellosis and suggest that immunologic responses to erythrocytic antigens have a role in the anemia.
Brucella abortus infection in 14 farm dogs
Authors: Forbes Lorry B.
Published: December 2023

Fourteen dogs were obtained from 10 farms with Brucella-infected cattle and were studied for periods ranging from 2 to 81 days. At necropsy, Brucella abortus biovar 4 was isolated from all 14-dogs. Mandibular, medial retropharyngeal, tracheobronchial, and mesenteric lymph nodes yielded the highest rate of recovery. Urogenital infection with active shedding was seen in a single aged bitch. Fecal samples (291 from 13 dogs) were B abortus culture negative. Ten dogs monitored serologically over time had standard tube agglutination test titers that fluctuated between 1:50 with incomplete reaction and ≥ 1:200 with positive reaction. At necropsy, the magnitude of seroconversion was not directly related to the number of culture-positive tissues. The maximal duration of infection, based on the time interval between the last possible exposure to infected cattle and recovery of the organism at necropsy, was 464 days. If it were assumed that infection occurred at about the same time as seroconversion in the cattle herd of origin, maximal observed duration of infection was 539 days. The actual maximal duration of infection could not be determined from this study, but would have exceeded the values reported here. The data indicate that dogs have the potential to infect cattle and could pose a threat for longer duration of disease transmission than had previously been assumed. Although the risk of transmission appears small, infection of human beings or cattle associated with Brucella-infected dogs would cause unfavorable political and economic consequences, particularly in low-incidence areas. Removal of contact dogs from infected herds should prevent such transmission.
Naltrexone for treatment of acral lick dermatitis in dogs
Authors: White Stephen D.
Published: December 2023

Acral lick dermatitis (lick granuloma) was diagnosed in 11 dogs on the basis of history, physical examination, and histopathologic findings. A predilection for the left forelimb was noticed.

All 11 dogs were given the narcotic antagonist naltrexone. Successful treatment (cessation of licking, reepithelialization of lesions) was seen in 7 dogs. All 7 dogs' lesions recurred when naltrexone was stopped, but reepithelialized in 5 dogs when the drug was readministered. Adverse effects (drowsiness, withdrawal from owner) were seen in 1 dog, but resolved within 48 hours of stopping the drug.
Serratia marcescens mastitis in a dairy herd
Authors: Wilson D.J. , Kirk J.H. , Walker R.D. , Bosworth Q.W.
Published: December 2023

Serratia marcescens caused clinical mastitis in 5 cows and nonclinical mastitis in 21 cows of a 190-cow herd. Repeated bacteriologic culture of specimens from the cows, postmilking teat dip, environment, and equipment was performed. Serratia marcescens was not isolated from the dip, environment, or equipment. Progress of the infection in cows was monitored for 10 months. Some cows remained infected with S marcescens for at least 10 months. Economic loss estimates were based on Dairy Herd Improvement Association linear score reports. The average nonclinical loss was about $22/cow.
Drug therapy in cats: Mechanisms and avoidance of adverse drug reactions
Authors: Boothe Dawn Merton
Published: December 2023

This is the first of a 4-part series concerning drug therapy in cats. In this article, factors that may increase the incidence of type-A adverse drug reactions in cats are discussed. Factors related to species and age differences, drug interactions, and the effects of disease are emphasized. Those that tend to be unique to cats, such as species-induced differences in drug disposition, are described in detail when sufficient information was available from the literature. General recommendations regarding drug administration are made, which will facilitate the implementation of rational drug therapy in cats, thus reducing the incidence of adverse reactions.
Efficacy of digoxin for treatment of cats with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Atkins Clarke E. , Snyder Patti S. , Keene Bruce W. , Rush John E. , Eicker Steven
Published: December 2023

The role of digoxin in treatment of cats with dilated cardiomyopathy and other forms of myocardial failure is unclear. We evaluated the chronotropic and inotropic effects of digoxin by comparing baseline, noninvasive indices of cardiac performance with those obtained after 9 ± 1.3 (mean ± SEM) days of digoxin treatment in 6 cats with heart failure attributable to dilated cardiomyopathy. Two-dimensionally directed, M-mode echocardiography and electrocardiography were used to determine left ventricular shortening fraction, preejection period (PEP), ejection time (LVET), PEP to LVET ratio, velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, electromechanical systole, heart rate, and PR interval.

Treatment consisted of administration of furosemide (mean dosage, 2.4 mg/kg of body weight/day), digoxin in tablet form (approximately 0.01 mg/kg, q 48 h), aspirin (80 mg, q 48 h), and a commercial low-salt diet. In addition, 2 cats were administered short-term, low-dose fluids IV, and 2 were given taurine supplementation at rates of 500 and 1,000 mg/day. Other off-loading or inotropic agents were not administered.

Therapeutic or toxic serum digoxin concentration was achieved in all cats. Significant (P < 0.05) improvement was detected in mean values for shortening fraction, PEP, PEP to LVET ratio, and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening. Mean electromechanical systole and LVET did not change significantly. Improvement, as assessed by indices of cardiac function, was documented in 4 of the 6 cats treated with digoxin, including the 2 cats given taurine supplementation. In the cats given taurine, positive inotropic effect was observed prior to the time when taurine-induced improvement in ventricular function is detectable. Because increase in preload or decrease in afterload was not observed or was not likely, improved ventricular function was thought to be related to digoxin's positive inotropic effect. Digitalization did not significantly decrease mean heart rate, but was associated with a significant (P < 0.05) mean PR interval prolongation of 28 ms.
Surgically induced tumor seeding in eight dogs and two cats
Authors: Gilson Stephen D. , Stone Elizabeth A.
Published: December 2023

Surgically induced tumor seeding was diagnosed in 8 dogs and 2 cats. All animals had histologic confirmation of neoplasia in an unusual location or pattern, and a history of surgical manipulation of a similar histologic-type tumor at the site of seeding. Highly malignant carcinomas (8/10 animals) were the most common tumor type. Seeding occurred secondary to a variety of surgical procedures and in the face of various adjuvant therapies. Seeded tumors were recognized from 2 to 30 weeks after the causal procedure (median, 6 weeks). Survival times after the causal procedure ranged from 15 to 131 weeks (median, 45 weeks) and 8 of 10 animals died or were euthanatized because of seeded tumors.
Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from the cerebellomedullary and lumbar cisterns of dogs with focal neurologic disease: 145 cases (1985-1987)
Authors: Thomson Christine E. , Kornegay Joe N. , Stevens Jerry B.
Published: December 2023

Data were obtained from 158 CSF samples from 145 dogs with focal, noninfectious/noninflammatory neurologic disease. The effect of lesion location and the duration and severity of clinical signs were studied. One hundred and twenty-five samples were obtained from the cerebellomedullary cistern (CMC), and 33 were obtained from the lumbar cistern (LC). Intracranial and cervical disease affected the CSF from the CMC more often than did thoracolumbar disease. However, lumbar CSF was more frequently affected by disease anywhere along the neuraxis. For compressive spinal cord disease, the protein concentration at both cisterns was more often high in acute, clinically severe lesions.

Intracranial lesions consistently caused abnormalities in CSF from both the CMC (7 of 7; 100%) and LC (2 of 2;100%). Abnormalities were identified in 16 of 38 (42%) and 5 of 7 (71%) CMC and LC samples, respectively, in dogs with cervical disease. In dogs with thoracolumbar lesions, only 22 of 80 (27.5%) CMC samples were abnormal, compared with 21 of 24 (87.5%) LC samples. These findings suggest that CSF collected cranial to the lesion may be normal or only mildly altered by focal neurologic disease. Fluid obtained caudal to the lesion presumably is more substantially altered because of the predominant caudal flow of CSF. To maximize the yield of diagnostic information from CSF analysis, the fluid should preferably be obtained caudad to the disease site; however, because of problems associated with lumbar puncture, we suggest that CSF from the CMC also be obtained.