bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate Change and the Impact of Extreme Temperatures on Aviation
Authors: Coffel E. , Horton R.
Published: November 2014

Temperature and airport elevation significantly influence the maximum allowable takeoff weight of an aircraft by changing the surface air density and thus the lift produced at a given speed. For a given runway length, airport elevation, and aircraft type, there is a temperature threshold above which the airplane cannot take off at its maximum weight and thus must be weight restricted. The number of summer days necessitating weight restriction has increased since 1980 along with the observed increase in surface temperature. Climate change is projected to increase mean temperatures at all airports and to significantly increase the frequency and severity of extreme heat events at some. These changes will negatively affect aircraft performance, leading to increased weight restrictions, especially at airports with short runways and little room to expand. For a Boeing 737-800 aircraft, it was found that the number of weight-restriction days between May and September will increase by 50%–200% at four major airports in the United States by 2050–70 under the RCP8.5 emissions scenario. These performance reductions may have a negative economic effect on the airline industry. Increased weight restrictions have previously been identified as potential impacts of climate change, but this study is the first to quantify the effect of higher temperatures on commercial aviation. Planning for changes in extreme heat events will help the aviation industry to reduce its vulnerability to this aspect of climate change.
NGOs, Turnout, and the Left
Authors: Brown David S. , Brown J. Christopher , Desposato Scott W.
Published: November 2014

This article is designed to examine the role non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play in politics. Previous evidence suggests that NGOs mobilize communities to challenge existing patterns of authority or that they serve hand in glove with existing elites. We reconcile these two contradictory findings by identifying an important contextual feature that helps determine the extent NGOs mobilize or anesthetize. We argue that a community’s level of education influences not only whether people vote but how they vote. We employ a cross-sectional data set from Brazilian municipalities that allows us to estimate the relationship between NGOs, voting turnout, and electoral results. We find that although there is a significant statistical interaction between literacy and NGOs when explaining voting turnout, the effect is not substantively important. The interaction between literacy and NGOs is, however, an important consideration in determining how people vote: in communities with relatively low literacy rates, a robust NGO presence significantly increases the left’s electoral fortunes. Our findings imply the influence NGOs have on society is more political than social.
India’s New Middle Class and the Critical Activist Milieu
Authors: Fadaee Simin
Published: November 2014

One manifestation of India’s recent transformations and rapid economic growth has been the emergence of a new group referred to as the “new middle class.” The relatively recent and growing literature on this topic represents the new middle class as a relatively homogenous social group with specific lifestyles and politics. The main objective of this article is to critically engage with these homogenizing assumptions. Based on original research, I introduce presence of a group within the new middle class – critical activist milieu – who in their work and lifestyle are contentious and explicitly reject the bourgeoisie values and attitudes that are widely ascribed to the Indian new middle class.
Conflict and Interaction in the Iron Age: The Origins of Urartian–Assyrian Relations
Authors: Köroğlu Kemalettin
Published: November 2014

The Neo-Assyrian Kingdom and the Urartian Kingdom were two important Near Eastern states in the Middle Iron Age (ninth to sixth centuries BC) that steered political developments and considerably transformed the lives of populations within their territories. This article aims to explore the origins of Urartian–Assyrian relations: the processes and ways through which Mesopotamian and Assyrian influences reached the eastern Anatolian highlands. The populations who founded the Urartian Kingdom lived mostly as semi-nomadic tribes in eastern Anatolia and surrounding areas during the Early Iron Age (thirteenth to ninth centuries BC). It is impossible to explain the emergence of the Urartian Kingdom in the Van region towards the mid-ninth century BC—which quickly became a powerful rival of its contemporaries—as a natural development of local culture. The main question at this stage is how and from where Assyrian influences were transmitted to the tribes who founded the Urartian Kingdom. Our opinion is that the answer to this question should be sought in the Upper Tigris region, which was inhabited by both cultures (Pre-Urartian and Assyrian) before the foundation of the Urartian Kingdom.
Anomalous kinetics of lath martensite formation in stainless steel
Authors: Villa M. , Hansen M. F. , Pantleon K. , Somers M. A. J.
Published: November 2014

The kinetics of lath martensite formation in Fe–17·3 wt-Cr–7·1 wt-Ni–1·1 wt-Al–0·08 wt-C stainless steel was investigated with magnetometry and microscopy. Lath martensite forms during cooling, heating and isothermally. For the first time, it is shown by magnetometry during extremely slow isochronal cooling that transformation rate maxima occur, which are interrupted by virtually transformation free temperature regions. Microscopy confirms martensite formation after athermal nucleation of clusters followed by their time dependent growth. The observations are interpreted in terms of time dependent autocatalytic lath martensite formation followed by mechanical stabilisation of austenite during the transformation process.
Lobular breast cancers lack the inverse relationship between ER/PR status and cell growth rate characteristic of ductal cancers in two independent patient cohorts: implications for tumor biology and adjuvant therapy
Authors: Wong Hilda , Lau Silvia , Cheung Polly , Wong Ting Ting , Parker Andrew , Yau Thomas , Epstein Richard J
Published: November 2014

Background

Although invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast differs from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in numerous respects - including its genetics, clinical phenotype, metastatic pattern, and chemosensitivity - most experts continue to manage ILC and IDC identically in the adjuvant setting. Here we address this discrepancy by comparing early-stage ILC and IDC in two breast cancer patient cohorts of differing nationality and ethnicity.

Methods

The clinicopathologic features of 2029 consecutive breast cancer patients diagnosed in Hong Kong (HK) and Australia (AUS) were compared. Interrelationships between tumor histology and other clinicopathologic variables, including ER/PR and Ki67, were analysed.

Results

Two hundred thirty-nine patients were identified with ILC (11.8%) and 1790 patients with IDC. AUS patients were older (p<0.001) and more often postmenopausal (p<0.03) than HK patients. As expected, ILC tumors were lower in grade and proliferative rate, and more often ER-positive and HER2-negative, than IDC (p<0.002); yet despite this, ILC tumors were as likely as IDC to present with nodal metastases (p>0.7). Moreover, whereas IDC tumors exhibited a strongly negative relationship between ER/PR and Ki67 status (p<0.0005), ILC tumors failed to demonstrate any such inverse relationship (p>0.6).

Conclusion

These data imply that the primary adhesion defect in ILC underlies a secondary stromal-epithelial disconnect between hormonal signaling and tumor growth, suggesting in turn that this peritumoral feedback defect could reduce both the antimetastatic (adjuvant) and tumorilytic (palliative) efficacy of cytotoxic therapies for such tumors. Hence, we caution against assuming similar adjuvant chemotherapeutic survival benefits for ILC and IDC tumors with similar ER and Ki67, whether based on immunohistochemical or gene expression assays.
Kinky choices, dictators and split might: a non-cooperative model for household consumption and labor supply
Authors: Boone Jan , der Wiel Karen van , Soest Arthur van , Vermeulen Frederic
Published: November 2014

We model consumption and labor supply behavior of a couple in a non-cooperative setting. Using minimal assumptions, we prove that demand for public goods is characterized by three regimes. It is either determined by the preferences of one of the partners only (Husband Dictatorship or Wife Dictatorship), or by both spouses’ preferences, in which case each partner’s influence depends on the relative wage rates (Split Might). The model is illustrated empirically using a sample drawn from the Consumer Expenditure Survey (CEX) where expenditures on children’s goods are a public good in both spouses’ preferences. It turns out that the spending pattern reflects the husband’s preferences in about 54% of the couples in our sample. Still, in about 45% of the households, the wife acts as a dictator. Somewhat less than 1% of the couples is characterized by a split might regime.

JEL-classification

D11; D12; D13.
In-work benefits for married couples: an ex-ante evaluation of EITC and WTC policies in Italy
Authors: Luca Giuseppe De , Rossetti Claudio , Vuri Daniela
Published: November 2014

This paper investigates labor supply and redistributive effects of in-work benefits for Italian married couples using a tax-benefit microsimulation model and a multi-sectoral discrete choice model of labor supply. We consider in-work benefits based on the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and the Working Tax Credit (WTC) existing in the US and the UK, respectively. The standard design of these income support mechanisms is however augmented with a premium for two-earner households to avoid potential disincentive effects on secondary earners. Revenue neutral policy simulations show that our reforms may greatly improve the current Italian tax-benefit system in terms of both incentive and redistributive effects. Furthermore, neglecting sector-specific attributes of the various job opportunities may lead to overstated estimates of the policy effects.

JEL classification

I38; H31; H53
Erratum to: The RNA editing enzyme APOBEC1 induces somatic mutations and a compatible mutational signature is present in esophageal adenocarcinomas
Authors: Saraconi Giulia , Severi Francesco , Sala Cesare , Mattiuz Giorgio , Conticello Silvestro G
Published: November 2014

No abstract
Cloud identity management security issues & solutions: a taxonomy
Authors: Habiba Umme , Masood Rahat , Shibli Muhammad Awais , Niazi Muaz A
Published: November 2014

Purpose

Cloud computing systems represent one of the most complex computing systems currently in existence. Current applications of Cloud involve extensive use of distributed systems with varying degree of connectivity and usage. With a recent focus on large-scale proliferation of Cloud computing, identity management in Cloud based systems is a critical issue for the sustainability of any Cloud-based service. This area has also received considerable attention from the research community as well as the IT industry. Numerous Cloud Identity Management Systems (IDMSs) have been proposed so far; however, most of those systems are neither widely accepted nor considered highly reliable due to their constraints in terms of scope, applicability and security. In order to achieve reliability and effectiveness in IDMs for Cloud, further extensive research needs to be carried out to critically examine Cloud based IDMSs and their level of security.

Methods

In this work, we have holistically analyzed Cloud IDMSs to better understand the general as well as the security aspects of this domain. From the security perspective, we present a comprehensive list of attacks that occur frequently in Cloud based IDMSs. In order to alleviate those attacks, we present a well-organized taxonomy tree covering the most desired features essential for any Cloud-based IDMSs. Additionally, we have specified various mechanisms of realization (such as access control polices, encryption, self-service) against each of the features of Cloud IDMSs. We have further used the proposed taxonomy as an assessment criterion for the evaluation of Cloud based IDMSs.

Results

Our in-depth analysis of various Cloud based IDMSs reveals that most of the systems do not offer support to all the essential features of Cloud IDMS and the ones that do, have their own certain weaknesses. None of the discussed techniques heuristically covers all the security features; moreover, they lack compliance to international standards which, understandably, undermines their credibility.

Conclusion

Presented work will help Cloud subscribers and providers in understanding the available solutions as well as the involved risks, allowing them to make more knowledgeable decisions while selecting potential Cloud IDMSs that best suits their functional and security requirements.
Exome Sequencing for the Diagnosis of 46,XY Disorders of Sex Development
Authors: Baxter Ruth M. , Arboleda Valerie A. , Lee Hane , Barseghyan Hayk , Adam Margaret P. , Fechner Patricia Y. , Bargman Renee , Keegan Catherine , Travers Sharon , Schelley Susan , Hudgins Louanne , Mathew Revi P. , Stalker Heather J. , Zori Roberto , Gordon Ora K. , Ramos-Platt Leigh , Pawlikowska-Haddal Anna , Eskin Ascia , Nelson Stanley F. , Délot Emmanuèle , Vilain Eric
Published: November 2014

Context:

Disorders of sex development (DSD) are clinical conditions where there is a discrepancy between the chromosomal sex and the phenotypic (gonadal or genital) sex of an individual. Such conditions can be stressful for patients and their families and have historically been difficult to diagnose, especially at the genetic level. In particular, for cases of 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis, once variants in SRY and NR5A1 have been ruled out, there are few other single gene tests available.

Objective:

We used exome sequencing followed by analysis with a list of all known human DSD-associated genes to investigate the underlying genetic etiology of 46,XY DSD patients who had not previously received a genetic diagnosis.

Design:

Samples were either submitted to the research laboratory or submitted as clinical samples to the UCLA Clinical Genomic Center. Sequencing data were filtered using a list of genes known to be involved in DSD.

Results:

We were able to identify a likely genetic diagnosis in more than a third of cases, including 22.5% with a pathogenic finding, an additional 12.5% with likely pathogenic findings, and 15% with variants of unknown clinical significance.

Conclusions:

Early identification of the genetic cause of a DSD will in many cases streamline and direct the clinical management of the patient, with more focused endocrine and imaging studies and better-informed surgical decisions. Exome sequencing proved an efficient method toward such a goal in 46,XY DSD patients.
Concept of Development of Main Bachelor Program “Technosphere Safety”
Authors: Красногорская  , Krasnogorskaya N. , Эйдемиллер  , Eydemiller Yu.
Published: November 2014

Authors offer a concept of developing unified educational programs using modular principle of educational schedule and

determination of universal and all-professional competences corresponding to types, fields and challenges of professional

activity of a graduate. Main Bachelor program “Technosphere safety” is offered as an example.
Lasers and Safety. Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. Part 2
Authors: Пальцев  , Paltsev Yuriy , Кибовский  , Kibovskiy V. , Рахманов  , Rakhmanov Boris , Девисилов  , Devisilov Vladimir
Published: November 2014

Second part of the analytical review focuses on issues of laser emission biological effect and principles of its rationing. Readers are briefed on results of researches of laser emission impact on animals and humans. Common mechanisms of biological effect of laser emission are considered along with characteristics of its effect on eyes, skin and the general condition of a person. Key regulatory documents for laser safety are reviewed. Legal collision in Russian and EurAsEC regulatory base for laser safety system is analyzed. Enhancement of methods of State and statutory regulation of laser safety is proven to be essential.
Affective Primacy in Intraorganizational Task Networks
Authors: Casciaro Tiziana , Lobo Miguel Sousa
Published: November 2014

To better understand the role of affect in organizational task-related networks, we developed a theory of affective primacy that identifies cognitive and motivational mechanisms through which the affective value of a social relationship (a feeling of positive affect from interactions with a colleague) operates as an antecedent of perceived instrumental value (a subjective evaluation of a relationship’s contribution to accomplishing assigned tasks). We tested this theory with full-network data collected over three years from employees in a small functional-form organization, which we analyzed with a methodology drawing from the social relations model of interpersonal perception and Bayesian models for social network analysis. We found that, over time, the affective value of social relationships influences both perceptions of instrumental value and the formation of task-related ties through multiple paths not accounted for by either perceived instrumental value or formal-structural requirements. We also show that the emergence of task-related networks rests primarily on high-activation positive emotions, such as excitement (a subjective state of feeling energized) rather than positive emotions with lower levels of activation, such as pleasantness (a subjective state of feeling gratified). We discuss implications of these findings for organizational theory and managerial practice.
Natural cholesterol-lowering products: focus on probiotics
Authors: Mistry Punita
Published: November 2014

It is important to maintain healthy blood lipid profiles in order to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease. This article explores some of the evidence for natural cholesterol lowering products as a possible alternative to cholesterol lowering medication. Probiotics have been investigated for their effect on cholesterol levels and there is increasing evidence to support their use as a natural cholesterol lowering alternative.
Potential barriers to effective MUST implementation
Authors: Smith Alison
Published: November 2014

The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) is frequently cited as a simple screening tool for malnutrition. However, anecdotally, it seems that not all staff find it simple to use. If staff do not find MUST simple to complete, then screening is less likely to be completed accurately. Accurate completion of MUST is essential for malnutrition to be identified and treated, otherwise the nutritional needs of patients with unrecognised malnutrition may be neglected. The use of simplified versions of body mass index score, weight loss score and ulna-length charts together with ongoing training and support may help to improve accurate MUST completion. Audit of MUST completion must consider the accuracy of completion rather than completion alone. Therefore, those auditing MUST completion require a good understanding of the tool. This article draws on the author's own significant experience with applying the MUST tool and synthesises this with evidence from the literature to demonstrate the potential barriers to effective MUST implementation.
Glasgow Coma Scale flow chart: a beginner's guide
Authors: Okamura Kumiko
Published: November 2014

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) has been accepted nationally and internationally as a tool to assess depth and duration of consciousness since it was published in 1974. Although it was intended to be an easy and practical bedside tool for any grade of health professional, it is considered to be ambiguous and confusing for infrequent users. Moreover, there has been increasing concern about the accuracy and effectiveness of the GCS observation carried out by these users, which could result from lack of training and dissemination of benchmarking across non-specialist areas. This paper aims to introduce a GCS flow chart to guide users step by step when assessing a patient's level of consciousness.
Should the influenza vaccine be mandatory for frontline staff?
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: November 2014

Professor Alan Glasper from the University of Southampton discusses the latest flu plan initiative by the Department of Health, NHS England and Public Health England for the winter of 2014–15 designed to increase flu vaccine uptake among frontline health professionals
Mental capacity and mental health acts part 4: a new framework
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: November 2014

The increasingly complex interface between the Mental Health Act 1983 and the Mental Capacity Act 2005 has been discussed in this column over the last three months. The boundaries between the two statutes is becoming increasingly blurred with the Court of Protection, a specialist court that considers cases about people lacking decision-making capacity, commonly being asked to make decisions on mental health law as well. Northern Ireland is proposing to resolve the interface problem by repealing its mental health laws and replacing them with a single statutory framework for mental capacity law. If passed, it will give all adults with capacity the right to consent to or refuse any form of treatment. Physical and mental conditions will be on an equal footing and there would be no compulsory detention or treatment of adults with capacity. For those whose lack capacity, treatment will be available in their best interests with arrangements in place to authorise situations where the care arrangements amount to a deprivation of liberty. In this article Richard Griffith considers the new proposals for Northern Ireland and wonders where these proposals point the way for the other devolved nations to develop their mental health and mental capacity law for a 21st century Britain.
A clinical analysis of the emergency medicine workforce crisis
Authors: Reynard Kevin , Brown Ruth
Published: November 2014

Workforce crises in medicine can be devastating for a specialty, patients and professionals. Emergency medicine and general practice are currently affected but other acute specialties are showing early signs and symptoms of the condition. While symptomatic treatments are helpful, recognition and treatment of the causes is critical.
Exit block in the emergency department: recognition and consequences
Authors: Henderson Katherine , Boyle Adrian
Published: November 2014

Exit block and crowding create conditions in emergency departments that can harm patients and the staff who look after them. Key to solving exit block is recognizing that it exists and that the whole hospital is involved in preventing harmful consequences.
Tariffs in emergency care
Authors: Hughes Thomas , Higginson Ian , Mann Clifford
Published: November 2014

The crisis in emergency medicine in the UK was no surprise to staff in the specialty, but was not expected by the Department of Health. This article explains how chronic, systematic under-resourcing of emergency care has caused emergency departments to decompensate, and discusses actions that are necessary to prevent recurrence.
Does rapid assessment shorten the amount of time patients spend in the emergency department?
Authors: Jarvis PRE , Davies TM , Mitchell K , Taylor I , Baker M
Published: November 2014

Background: Overcrowding in the emergency department is a common phenomenon. This study assessed the impact of introducing a consultant-supported rapid assessment model, known as EDIT, and point of care testing upon the length of time patients spend in the emergency department.

Methods: A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted in an emergency department in a district general hospital in the UK. The study consisted of two phases. Patients who attended the emergency department during phase 1 were assessed using a nurse-led triage model with blood samples being analysed in a centralized hospital laboratory. Phase 2 patients were assessed by a consultant-supported rapid assessment model with blood tests being analysed using point of care testing. The time from patient arrival in the emergency department to the time that care was complete and the patient was ready to move on to the next destination of care was recorded. These times from the two phases were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.

Results: A total of 11 213 patients attended the emergency department during the whole study period, of whom 4622 patients were eligible for the study. Phase 1 contained 3835 patients and phase 2 had 787 patients. The median time for patients to be declared ready to leave the emergency department in phase 1 was 129 minutes compared to 76 minutes for phase 2 (P=0.0025). This was a reduction in the median of 53 minutes or 41.1% (95% confidence interval 39.7–42.3%).

Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a consultant-supported rapid assessment model using point of care testing significantly shortens the time patients spend in the emergency department.
Leadership: How to earn respect and influence staff
Authors: Bannister Nick
Published: November 2014

A distinct challenge of early headship, especially in schools requiring improvement, is winning the respect and loyalty of your colleagues. Nick Bannister asks a group of headteachers to share their staff management and leadership advice
Three steps to boosting attainment and progress
Authors: Gray Leanne
Published: November 2014

In her bid to raise attainment and accelerate progress across her school, deputy head Leanne Gray focused on three specific areas. She explains more
When the inspector calls
Authors: Smith Chris
Published: November 2014

When Ofsted inspection looms, results and data can be make or break for schools. However, the removal of levels has left schools trying to find a new way to assess student attainment and demonstrate school improvement. Chris Smith offers some advice on harnessing your data
Sharing a vision for SEN
Authors: Cartwright Eva
Published: November 2014

Part two of our guide to the new SEND Code of Practice highlights how teaching assistants will be more involved in monitoring individual children's progress.
Help them to remember
Authors: Francis-Pester Dawn
Published: November 2014

Over ninety per cent of children and young people will experience a significant bereavement before the age of 16. How can teachers best support them?
Gateway to technology
Authors: Wales Jimmy
Published: November 2014

Find out who is exhibiting and plan your visit to BETT 2015, the education sector's leading technology event, taking place 21-24 January at Excel London.
Lest we forget
Authors: Lee-Potter Emma
Published: November 2014

The First World War Centenary Battlefield Tours Programme is helping students to develop a deeper understanding of the Great War. As Remembrance Day approaches, Emma Lee-Potter accompanied students on a recent trip
An Audit of Antimicrobial Prescribing in an Acute Dental Care Department
Authors: Chopra Radhika , Merali Razia , Paolinelis George , Kwok Jerry
Published: November 2014

Introduction

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem that is likely to have a major negative impact on healthcare in the future. Dentists have a key role in ensuring that antimicrobials are prescribed correctly to reduce the emergence of resistant strains.

Objective

To audit how appropriately antimicrobials were prescribed in the oral surgery acute dental department of Guy's Hospital in London, when compared to the standards set within the Faculty of General Dental Practice (UK)1 and Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness2 guidelines on antimicrobial prescribing in dentistry.

Target

100% compliance.

Method

A prospective audit consisting of two cycles (each including 60 patients) was carried out. Between each cycle, there was a two-month intervention period, which included extensive training and education of staff and students.

Results

Cycle 1 showed that only 30% of prescriptions were appropriate and only 62% of practitioners were recording a diagnosis. After two months of intervention, cycle 2 was carried out; this showed a significant improvement, with 80% of prescriptions being appropriate and 100% of practitioners recording a diagnosis. The majority of inappropriate prescriptions in both cycles were for acute pulpitis without evidence of systemic involvement.

Conclusion

This audit has shown that clinical practice for antimicrobial prescribing did not follow the published guidelines. Following targeted interventions, a substantial improvement was made in the prescribing pattern. The target of 100% has not been reached, necessitating further intervention.
Of sound, mind and body: Female sexuality and Vodou in Kettly Mars’ Fado
Authors: Humphrey Paul
Published: November 2014

Across her numerous short stories and novels, Kettly Mars explores the many influences present in the culture and society of her native Haiti. This article examines the manner in which the fractured self of the protagonist in her 2008 novel Fado is reconstituted within a context of Haitian Vodou interwoven with Portuguese fado. A divided yet single whole, the protagonist’s body traverses a series of fragmented spaces, which, in the complex cultural sphere the author creates, enables the intersection of the socio-political, spiritual and psychological planes. By focusing on the multifaceted nature of female sexuality and drawing on the notion of transcorporeality in Vodou spirituality, the analysis offered unpicks the multiple interactions – physical and spiritual – between individuals and discrete subjectivities in the novel. It thereby delineates a reading that goes beyond the blurring of reason and madness to point to the reconstitution of the fractured self by exploring female sexuality.

Dans ses nombreux romans et nouvelles, Kettly Mars explore les influences multiples présentes dans la culture et la société de son Haïti natal. Cet article examine la façon avec laquelle le soi fracturé de la protagoniste de Fado, son roman de 2008, est reconstitué dans un contexte où le vodou haïtien s’entremêle avec le fado portugais. Une entité divisée mais unie, le corps de la protagoniste traverse une série d’espaces fragmentés, ce qui permet, dans la sphère culturelle complexe créée par l’auteur, l’intersection du sociopolitique, du spirituel et du psychologique. L’analyse se focalise sur la pluralité inhérente à la sexualité féminine et fait appel à la notion de la transcorporalité dans la spiritualité du vodou afin d’expliquer les interactions multiples – physiques et spirituelles – entre les individus et les subjectivités discrètes du roman. Ainsi, elle présente une interprétation qui va au-delà de la déconstruction des frontières de la raison et de la folie pour indiquer la reconstitution du soi fracturé atteinte à travers une exploration de la sexualité féminine.
Blankness, alienation, and the zombie in recent Francophone fiction
Authors: Swanson Lucy
Published: November 2014

This article examines the function of the zombie’s blank gaze in recent Francophone Caribbean fiction. The word ‘zombie’ originally emerged in the New World during the transatlantic slave trade. In Haiti, the legendary subservient, disinterred body associated with the term serves as the materialized historical narrative of enslavement. However, even as zombies have evolved into allegories of the Duvalier regime in Haitian literature and violent ‘cannibals’ in North American visual culture, they are connected by their iconic vacant stare. This presumed blankness often seems to illustrate an internal emptiness. This article argues that this idea is problematized by Francophone writers such as Jacques Stephen Alexis, who critiques alienating western narratives by reimagining the zombie’s vacant stare, which comes to metonymize the creature’s narrative plasticity. Ultimately, the blank gaze makes a fascinating vehicle for interrogating the monster’s literal and metanarrative transformations.

Cet article examine la fonction du regard vide du zombie dans la fiction Francophone antillaise récente. Le mot ‘zombie’ est émergé au Nouveau Monde pendant la période historique de la traite négrière. En Haïti, la légende du corps soumis et ressuscité qui est associée au terme sert de matérialisation du récit historique de l’esclavage. Quoique les zombies aient évolués en allégorie du régime Duvalier dans la littérature haïtienne et en ‘cannibale’ violent dans la culture visuelle d’Amérique du Nord, ces avatars restent liés par leur regard vide emblématique. Cette vacuité est souvent présumée illustrer l’état intérieur du zombie également. Cette étude affirme que cette conception du zombie est mise en question par des écrivains francophones tels que Jacques Stephen Alexis, qui critique certains récits occidentaux aliénants en réinterprétant le regard vide du zombie, qui sert de métonymie de la plasticité narrative de la figure. Finalement, le regard vide sert d’un véhicule fascinant à interroger les transformations littérales et métanarratives du zombie.
Tracing the matrilineal past: Alternative genealogy and the imagination in Maryse Condé’s Victoire, les saveurs et les mots
Authors: Odintz Jenny
Published: November 2014

This article examines the use of the imagination in Maryse Condé’s recent work Victoire, les saveurs et les mots (2006). In this semi-autobiographical narrative, Condé draws on an imaginative framework to trace the story of her grandmother, filling in gaps left by official history, and by her mother’s silence. As she navigates her grandmother’s historical situation as an illiterate Mulatto cook in Guadeloupe, and her mother’s desire to assimilate into French culture, the novel demonstrates the particular political urgency of creating alternative epistemologies of the Caribbean. Condé privileges and authorizes the imagination in her matrilineal quest, allowing her to create a feminist transformation of genealogy, history and epistemology. This imaginative framework powerfully destabilizes more traditional genealogical quests and their underlying world-view, and, in particular, this world-view’s reliance on patriarchal, racial, colonial and neocolonial ideology.

Cet essai considère l’utilisation de l’imagination dans Victoire, les saveurs et les mots, le roman de Maryse Condé qui vient de paraître (2006). Dans cette narration semi-autobiographique, Condé fait appel à un cadre imaginatif afin de tracer l’histoire de sa grand-mère, en remplissant les trous omis par l’Histoire officielle et par le silence de sa mère. Tandis qu’elle examine la condition historique de sa grand-mère en tant que cuisinière Mulâtre en Guadeloupe, tout comme le désir d’assimilation à la culture Française nourrit par sa mère, le roman met en évidence la nécessité politique particulière de créer une série d’épistémologies alternatives des Caraïbes. Dans sa quête matrilinéaire, Condé privilégie et autorise l’imagination, qui lui permet de créer une restructuration féministe de la généalogie, de l’histoire et de l’épistémologie. Ce cadre imaginatif déstabilise, de manière pertinente, les quêtes généalogiques traditionnelles et leur vision sous-jacente du monde, surtout la conception d’un monde gouverné par une idéologie patriarcale, raciale, coloniale et néocoloniale.
Reviews
Authors: Amos Will , Blin-Rolland Armelle , McCusker Maeve , Martinon Jean-Paul , Miraglia Anne-Marie , Small Audrey , Smith Alison
Published: November 2014

L’Algérie et la langue française ou l’altérité en partage, Rabeh Sebaa (2013) Paris: Publibook, 104 pp., ISBN: 9782342007404, p/bk, €14

Redrawing French Empire in Comics, Mark McKinney (2013) Columbus: The Ohio State University Press, 288 pp., ISBN: 1397808142122202, h/bk, $79.95

Caribbean Literature and the Public Sphere. From the Plantation to the Postcolonial, Raphael Dalleo (2011) Charlottesville and London: University of Virginia Press, 296 pp., ISBN: 9780813931999, P/bk, £26.50

V. Y. Mudimbe: Undisciplined Africanism, Pierre-Philippe Fraiture (2013) Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 260 pp., ISBN: 9781846318948, h/bk, £67.94

Vers l’imaginaire migrant. La Fiction narrative des écrivains immigrants francophones au Québec (1980–2000), Tina Mouneimné (2013) Bruxelles: P.I.E. Peter Lang, 207 pp., ISBN: 9782875740328, p/bk, £29

Postcolonial Thought in the French-speaking World, Charles Forsdick and David Murphy (eds) (2009) Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 357 pp., ISBN-1: 9781846310546, h/bk, £65, ISBN-2: 9781846310553, p/bk, £19.95

Contesting Views: The Visual Economy of France and Algeria, Edward Welch and Joseph McGonagle (2013) Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 236 pp., ISBN: 9781846318849, h/bk
Young adults’ perceptions of satellite TV news services in Bahrain
Authors: Ziani Abdul-Karim , Fahmy Shahira , Al-Jaber Khalid , Elareshi Mokhtar
Published: November 2014

This article investigates the relationship between university students’ consumption of satellite TV news services and their perceptions of news issues. It examined students’ general news consumption habits and their motives for the choices they make as well as the gratifications they obtain. A survey was administered to a random sample of 325 university students to determine the varying gratifications associated with satellite TV. The findings showed that time spent watching local TV channels was affected by the use of international TV services. Respondents received fewer programmes than they desired from local TV. The data also revealed that entertainment and surveillance needs were the most important gratifications obtained from satellite TV. Interestingly, students have abandoned Al Jazeera TV programmes in favour of other TV services. These findings are discussed in relation to the growing impact of satellite TV services and the emergence of new niche markets in news in Bahrain.
Exotic beauties, victims and terrorists: Representations of veiled women in the British press (2001–14)
Authors: Sadar Pina
Published: November 2014

This article aims to analyse media representations of veiled women in British online and printed press between 2001 and 2014. Using discourse analysis (CDA) as an analytical tool, the article seeks to demonstrate how enduring repetitions of essentialized media rhetoric – manifested in the topic selection, language and visuals – generate and naturalize racist sentiments towards veiled Muslim women. The findings of the study indicate that veiled Muslim women are commonly represented as the ultimate British others; they continue to be observed through the lens of beautified otherness and are caught in the paradox of being seen as on the one hand invisible victims of patriarchal oppression and on the other hand a visible danger for British security and identity. A nascent trend of counter-hegemonic discourses on veiling is also acknowledged and documented. The outcomes of the media analysis are combined with brief fragments from the interviews with British Muslim women, thus challenging the prevailing media myths and ensuring an emic perspective on the topic.
Occupy Wall Street and the Economic Imagination
Authors: Appel Hannah
Published: November 2014

This article explores the making of an expansive and expanding economic imagination in disparate Occupy sites—the Alternative Banking working group of Occupy Wall Street, the daily life of lists in Liberty Square, née Zuccotti Park, and the work of Strike Debt. In particular, I focus on transformative possibility in unanticipated places. Where anthropology and critical theory have often sought out capitalism’s otherwises for inspiration and potential, the expansion of the economic imagination I trace here suggests that the centers constitute zones of possibility as well. I aim to show not only the conditions of possibility for a certain kind of imaginative work in the dense and seemingly definitive spaces of financial expertise but also a remarkable, and largely unrecognized, contemporary conversation around the future of banking, foreclosures, and democratized finance.
Making Art from Uncertainty: Magic and Its Politics in South African Rugby
Authors: Rubin Joshua D.
Published: November 2014

This essay examines the intersection of the politics of post-apartheid South Africa and the politics of playing rugby. It traces the sport’s history through its manifestations in the apartheid state and the anti-apartheid struggle, but it also shows that South African rugby counts for more than the sum of these histories. Drawing inspiration from the writings of Claude Lévi-Strauss and Franz Boas, as well as from the aesthetic theory of Theodor Adorno, the article argues that rugby contains an inherent dimension of unpredictability that allows it to recombine and challenge the symbols and sentiments assigned to it. Considered in this way, rugby acquires a measure of autonomy as a social production, shaping possibilities and entering into existing political conversations with its own voice. Acknowledging this small space of unpredictability, then, carries important implications for how we theorize sporting performances in relation to other forms of creative expression. Rugby players, coaches, and teams, for their part, are well aware of the sport’s autonomous dimension, and they know that they must negotiate the uncertainty of the sport if they wish to participate at all. These social actors regard uncertainty as a problem to be solved, and they conceptualize and work through rugby’s layering of unpredictable instant atop unpredictable instant in socially and historically specific ways. As a result, the negotiations between South Africans and their rugby become a powerful heuristic for post-apartheid social life, and they produce not only violence and injuries but also moments of magic thick with political significance.
The American School Atlas: 1784 - 1900
Authors: Patton Jeffrey C.
Published: November 2014

At the end of the eighteenth century, American school atlases and geographies were created by individual authors who would search for a printer willing to publish their work. By the middle of the nineteenth century, millions of school atlases were being produced by large mapping corporations with sophisticated marketing strategies. This paper discusses the forces which influenced the evolution of the American school atlas and geography text between the years 1784 and 1900, including changes in printing technology and paper, the competitive commercial market, prevailing pedagogies of the American educational system, and the rise of thematic mapping. Elements of cartographic design which were typical of American school atlases are also examined. These include data symbolization, level of generalization, and choice of projection.
Targeted embolization reduces hemorrhage complications in partially embolized cerebral AVM combined with gamma knife surgery
Authors: Xiaochuan Huo , Yuhua Jiang , Xianli Lv , Hongchao Yang , Yang Zhao , Youxiang Li
Published: November 2014

This study investigated the effect and safety of targeted embolization in partially embolized cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) followed by gamma knife surgery (GKS). We retrospectively analyzed 86 AVM patients who were targeted embolized by Onyx followed by GKS for residual nidus. Embolization-related complications were collected and the clinical effect was evaluated. During targeted embolization, intranidus or hemodynamic aneurysms and AVM-related fistula were evaluated and targeted embolized. Patients with AVM-related aneurysms and fistula were divided into a targeted embolization group and non-targeted embolization group based on the retrospectively determined treatment strategy. The effect of targeted embolization on hemorrhage risk was evaluated. The overall annual hemorrhage rate was 1.66% with 2.26% for ruptured AVMs and 1.08% for unruptured lesions. The annual mortality rate was 0.4%. Only one in 16 patients with embolization-related complications had permanent neurologic deficit. Twenty-four of 29 cases with intranidus aneurysms were targeted embolized, four of five cases with hemodynamic aneurysms were targeted embolized and eight of nine cases with arteriovenous fistula were targeted embolized. Chi square results showed the hemorrhage complications in the target embolization group were significantly lower than those in the non-target embolization group (p < 0.01). Targeted embolization combined with GKS treatment decreased the annual hemorrhage rate and improved clinical outcome with low permanent complications in partially embolized AVMs. This method could be proposed for the treatment of large brain AVMs when a single-technique treatment is not feasible.
High Temperature Thermal Conductivity Measurements of Quasicrystalline Al70.8Pd20.9Mn8.3
Authors: Davis Philip S. , Barnes Peter A. , Vining Cronin B. , Pope Amy L. , Schneidmiller Robert , Tritt Terry M. , Kolis Joseph
Published: November 2014

We report measurements of the thermal conductivity on a potential high temperature thermoelectric material, the quasicrystal Al70.8Pd20.9Mn8.3. Thermal conductivity is determined over a temperature range from 30 K to 600 K, using both the steady state gradient method and the 3ω method. Measurements of high temperature thermal conductivity are extremely difficult using standard heat conduction techniques. These difficulties arise from the fact that heat is lost due to radiative effects. The radiative effects are proportional to the temperature of the sample to the fourth power and therefore can lead to large errors in the measured thermal conductivity of the sample, becoming more serious as the temperature increases. For thermoelectric applications in the high temperature regime, the thermal conductivity is an extremely important parameter to determine. The 3ω technique minimizes radiative heat loss terms, which will allow for more accurate determination of the thermal conductivity of Al70.8Pd20.9Mn8.3 at high temperatures. The results obtained using the 3ω method are compared to results from a standard bulk-thermal-conductivity-technique on the same samples over the temperature range, 30 K to 300 K.
MICROBIAL TRANSGLUTAMINASE: SOURCE, PRODUCTION AND ITS ROLE TO IMPROVE SURIMI PROPERTIES
Authors: Zilda Dewi Zeswita
Published: November 2014

Transglutaminases (EC 2.3.2.13) have attracted a wide interest from both scientific and appliedpoints of view due to their capacity to cross-link protein substrates. Obtaining transglutaminasesderived from animals are extremely high cost process, which has hampered its wider applicationuntil the discovery of transglutaminase produced by microorganisms. In the early 1990, sincemicrobial transglutaminase have been found, many transglutaminase-producing microbial strainshave been isolated and the enzyme production processes have been optimized. This resulted in the increased uses of transglutaminases in the food industries. In the fisheries industry, MTGasehas successfully been used to improve the mechanical properties of surimi from various fishes.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF JELLY CANDY MADE FROM DIFFERENT RATIO OF k-CARRAGEENAN AND KONJAC
Authors: Utomo Bagus Sediadi Bandol , Darmawan Muhamad , Hakim Arif Rahman , Ardi Debby T.
Published: November 2014

A study on quality of jelly candy formulated from k-carrageenan and konjac (jelly powder), hasbeen conducted. The objective of this study was to determine the best ratio of k-carrageenan andkonjac in the formulation of jelly candy. The ratio of k-carrageenan and konjac was varied from40:25; 35:30; 30:35; to 25:40. The quality parameters observed on jelly candy produced were gelstrength, elasticity, stickiness, water activity (a w), and sensory test. Results showed that the bestratio of -carrageenan to konjac was 40:25 (formula A) which produced candy with physicochemicalquality closed to that of commercial one with hardness of 470.7 g, elasticity of 4.5 mm, stickinessof 36.15 g, and a wof 0.5. While the results of the sensory test showed that the difference ratio of -carrageenan and konjac had no significant effect on the product. Based on that result, the bestformulation in production of jelly candy was formula A.