bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation following shoulder arthroplasty in the United Kingdom National Health Service: A survey of publicly facing information
Authors: Littlewood Chris , Morgan Marie , Pitt Lisa , Moffatt Maria , Edwards Peter , Davies Ronnie , Peach Chris
Published: April 2020

Introduction

The prevalence of shoulder arthroplasty (SA) is rising, but there is limited research evaluating rehabilitation following SA and whether there is an optimal approach remains unknown. The aim of this study was to understand current National Health Service (NHS) practice for rehabilitation following SA as a platform for conducting much needed further research.

Methods

Two reviewers independently undertook electronic searches for publicly available information sheets (PIS) from websites of NHS Trusts that included detail about rehabilitation following SA, for example, duration of immobilisation. One reviewer extracted data, and a second reviewer verified this.

Ethical approval

Not required.

Results

Forty‐three PIS from 40 Trusts were identified. Twenty‐four referred to more than one type of arthroplasty (anatomic, reverse and hemiarthroplasty) but did not describe different approaches to rehabilitation based on prosthesis type. Twenty‐five PIS provided some instruction regarding movement restrictions, which varied considerably. All PIS referred to postoperative immobilisation, typically with a sling, with median duration of 4 weeks (range 0 to 8). Thirty‐four PIS reported commencing passive exercise immediately. Median time to commencing active exercise was 4 weeks (range 1 to 6) and 5 weeks (range 1 to 16) for resisted exercise. Median time expected to return to driving was 6 weeks (range 3 to 12) and general work 12 weeks (range 3 to 26).

Conclusion

This study has highlighted significant heterogeneity between rehabilitation approaches following SA, not previously reported in the United Kingdom, with a lack of specific rehabilitation PIS for different prosthesis types. Our results will facilitate evaluation of rehabilitation strategies in future research.
Is internal migration declining in Iceland? Intensities, geographical patterns and population composition 1986–2017
Authors: Garðarsdóttir Ólöf , Bjarnason Thoroddur , Jónsson Stefán Hrafn , Shuttleworth Ian
Published: April 2020

The Nordic countries have higher rates of internal migration than most other Western societies and have not always shared in the declines noted in other countries. This paper examines migration in Iceland during the period 1986–2017 to add to the wider international literature on migration trends. Compared with its Nordic neighbours, Iceland has the highest rates of internal migration and currently also the greatest porosity in terms of international inflows and outflows. The main focus is on migration flows between the Reykjavík capital area—the only city in the country—the nearby exurban regions on the one hand and the more distant provinces at the other hand. We show that, despite continued high aggregate migration rates, there has been a slight but long‐term downward trend in all moves. We also indicate that migration rates are highly sensitive to cyclic economic fluctuations. Migration between the Reykjavík capital area and its surrounding exurban regions is characterised by increasing mobility during economic booms but the Great Recession starting in 2008 led to a fall in migration. However, the slight decline in overall internal migration in Iceland since the 1990s can almost exclusively be attributed to the decline in migration from the provinces to the Reykjavík capital area, which predates the 2008 Great Recession.
Surface Modification of Fe7S8/C Anode via Ultrathin Amorphous TiO2 Layer for Enhanced Sodium Storage Performance
Authors: Deng Xianchun , Chen Hui , Wu Xiangjiang , Wang Yun‐Xiao , Zhong Faping , Ai Xinping , Yang Hanxi , Cao Yuliang
Published: April 2020

Iron sulfides with high theoretical capacity and low cost have attracted extensive attention as anode materials for sodium ion batteries. However, the inferior electrical conductivity and devastating volume change and interface instability have largely hindered their practical electrochemical properties. Here, ultrathin amorphous TiO2 layer is constructed on the surface of a metal–organic framework derived porous Fe7S8/C electrode via a facile atomic layer deposition strategy. By virtue of the porous structure and enhanced conductivity of the Fe7S8/C, the electroactive TiO2 layer is expected to effectively improve the electrode interface stability and structure integrity of the electrode. As a result, the TiO2‐modified Fe7S8/C anode exhibits significant performance improvement for sodium‐ion batteries. The optimal TiO2‐modified Fe7S8/C electrode delivers reversible capacity of 423.3 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles with high capacity retention of 75.3% at 0.2 C. Meanwhile, the TiO2 coating is conducive to construct favorable solid electrolyte interphase, leading to much enhanced initial Coulombic efficiency from 66.9% to 72.3%. The remarkable improvement suggests that the interphase modification holds great promise for high‐performance metal sulfide‐based anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries.
Phytochemical study of the ethyl acetate extract of male Carica papaya flowers from Quang Nam – Da Nang
Authors: Van Do Thi Thuy , Cuong Dao Hung , Lien Giang Thi Kim , Yen Pham Hai
Published: April 2020

Male Carica papaya flowers, one of natural materials, have many pharmacology activities including anticancer. We report herein the isolation and structural elucidation of known compounds. Eight flavonoids, kaempferol (1), kaempferol 3‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside (2), kaempferol 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (3), kaempferol 3‐O‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside (4), quercetin (5), quercitrin (6), quercetin 3‐O‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside (7) and myricitrin (8) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of male Carica papaya flowers. Their structures were determined by NMR, MS spectra and by comparing with the reported data.
A theoretical study of X‐H∙∙∙π and X∙∙∙π interactions in the complexes of furan, thiophene, pyrrole and hydrogen halides
Authors: Le Do Thi Hong , Tri Nguyen Ngoc , Man Nguyen Thi Hong , Trung Nguyen Tien
Published: April 2020

By using ab initio geometry optimization calculations we obtained thirteen stable complexes containing H∙∙∙π and X∙∙∙π interactions between Furan, Thiophene, Pyrrole and HX (X = F, Cl, Br) at the MP2/6‐311++G(3df,2pd) high level of theory. The interaction energies corrected for only ZPE and both ZPE and BSSE range from ‐7.92 to ‐28.47 kJ.mol‐1 and ‐3.28 to ‐22.33 kJ.mol‐1, respectively. The results show that for the same HX, the stability of complexes decreases in going from Pyrrole to Thiophene and finally to Furan moiety, and increases in the order of HF < HCl < HBr monomer with the same π‐system. The obtained results from AIM and MEP analyses indicate that the H∙∙∙π interaction is more stable than X∙∙∙π one in all the investigated complexes. It is found that the electrostatic, dispersion and induction energy terms significantly contribute to strength of the studied complexes, in which two formers are for H∙∙∙π hydrogen bonded complexes and two latters are for X∙∙∙π halogen bonded complexes.
Chemical bonding in trimers of Ge2 with monovalent metals
Authors: Son Tran Tuong , Tu Vo Ngoc , Thanh Vo Thi Thu , Ngan Vu Thi
Published: April 2020

Chemical bonding of the monovalent metal‐doped germanium Ge2M (M belonging the groups IA and IB) clusters is investigated by using quantum chemical calculations combined with the analyses of natural atomic orbital (NAO), natural bond orbital (NBO) and natural resonance theory (NRT). All of the clusters have a ground state in isosceles triangle shape with two quasi‐degenerate electronic states (2A1, 2B1). The clusters doped with metals of the group IB are more stable than those doped with the alkali metals of the group IA due to the stronger Ge‐M bond of the former ones. Most clusters have the electron transfer from the dopant atoms to the dimer Ge2. This study reveals that the Ge‐M bonds is very weak and highly ionic with M being alkali metals, while they are stronger and possess both ionic and covalent nature with a larger contribution of the ionic character for M being IB elements. The participation of AO‐d in the Ge‐M bonds of the IB elements is the reason for their larger strength and covalent character.
Electrochemical properties of amoxicillin on an economical, simple graphite pencil electrode and the ability of the electrode in amoxicillin detection
Authors: Yen Pham Thi Hai , Anh Nguyen Hoang , Ha Vu Thi Thu , Hung Le Quoc , Phong Pham Hong , Hien Chu Thi Thu
Published: April 2020

Amoxicillin (AMX), an antibiotic in the class of beta‐lactam antibiotics has shown an ability of adsorption onto the economical, simple graphite pencil electrode (GPE) and could be electrochemical oxidation. The oxidation peak signal of AMX on the treated electrode is better than the one on the original GPE that is in agreement with the increase of redoxidation peaks of Fe(II)/Fe(III) system when using treated electrode. The square wave Voltammetric signals of AMX have exhibited a direct proportion to AMX concentrations in analytical solution with the correlation coefficient of 0.996. The limit of detection is 0.224 μM that is comparable with ones in many reported publications while GPE electrode is less complicated for fabrication.
Preparation and characterization of waterborne epoxy coatings containing conductive PANi/silica nanoparticles
Authors: Duong Nguyen Thuy , Thuy Thai Thu , Tham Do Quang , Mai Tran Thi , Trang Nguyen Thi Thu , Vu Pham Gia , Son Nguyen Anh
Published: April 2020

This work reports on the mechanical and dielectric properties of waterborne epoxy coatings containing polyaniline/silica nanocomposites (PANi/SiO2). The nanocomposites with different PANi/SiO2 ratios were synthesized by in‐situ chemical oxidative polymerization method. The morphology and electric properties of PANi/SiO2 were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and standard four‐probe electrode method. It was shown that the silica nanoparticles were grafted by PANi and it conducted a decrease of electrical conductivity of PANi/SiO2 composites, compared to pure PANi. The epoxy coatings containing PANi/SiO2 presented lower dielectric properties than that containing pure PANi. In contrast, the PANi/SiO2 could maintain the breakdown voltage (from 16.6 to 19.1 kV/mm) and enhance impact resistance of conducting epoxy system up to 100 kg.cm. The results revealed that the PANi/SiO2 nanocomposite can be used in electrical coating application with good dielectric strength and mechanical properties.
Influence of TAS on photocrosslinking of the coatings on the base of acrylate, epoxide oligomers and monomers
Authors: Hien Le Xuan , Thanh Do Minh
Published: April 2020

The influences of the triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate salts (TAS) content in the range from 1 to 9 % of the total resin and monomer weight on photocrosslinking and properties of UV‐cured coatings based on epoxy diacrylate (EDA), hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), epoxy resin modified by castor oil (CE) and 3,4‐epoxycyclohexyl‐methyl 3,4‐epoxycyclohexane carboxylate, a biscycloaliphatic diepoxide (BCDE), have been studied. It was shown that under UV‐exposure, photoinitiated radical polymerization of acrylate groups of EDA, HDDA and cationic polymerization of epoxy groups of CE, BCDE occurred very fast, leading to formation of interpenetrating polymer networks. The relationship between TAS content and polymerization of epoxy, acrylate groups as well as performance of UV‐cured coatings had optimal particularity with highest conversion rate of the groups and properties of the cured coatings containing 5 and 7 % of TAS.
A high‐rate anaerobic biofilm reactor for biomethane recovery from source‐separated blackwater at ambient temperature
Authors: Huang Qi , Zakaria Basem S. , Zhang Yingdi , Zhang Lei , Liu Yang , Dhar Bipro R.
Published: April 2020

Anaerobic bioreactors for source‐separated blackwater are mostly operated at low organic loading rates (OLRs) due to low biodegradability and the potential of ammonia inhibition. In this study, an anaerobic biofilm reactor having conductive carbon fibers as the media was investigated for the high‐rate treatment of blackwater collected from vacuum toilets. The bioreactor was operated at different OLRs ranged from 0.77 to 3.01 g COD/L‐d in four stages for a total operating period of ~ 250 days. With the increase of OLRs, the specific methane production rate increased from 105.3 to 304.6 ml/L‐d with high methane content in biogas (75.5%–83%). The maximum methane yield was achieved at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 15 days. Highest organics and suspended solids removal (80%–83%) were achieved at 20‐days HRT, while increased OLRs resulted in diminished removal efficiencies. The state variables, including pH, total ammonia nitrogen, short‐chain volatile fatty acids, and soluble chemical oxygen demand, indicated the system had a great capability to withstand the high OLRs. Microbial community analysis revealed that the high performance might be attributed to direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) facilitated by potentially electroactive bacteria (e.g., Syntrophomonas, Clostridium) and electrotrophic archaea (e.g., Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina species) enriched on the carbon fibers.

Practitioner points

An anaerobic biofilm reactor was investigated for biomethane recovery from source‐separated blackwater.

Conductive carbon fibers were utilized as the media to stimulate enrichment of potentially electroactive methanogenic communities.

The bioreactor was operated at ambient temperature for over 250 days.

High methane production rate and high‐quality biogas were achieved at OLRs ranged from 0.77 to 3.01 g COD/L‐d.

Microbial community analysis suggested direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) between specific electroactive bacteria and electrotrophic archaea.
Indigenous Sustainable Development
Authors: MacNeill Timothy
Published: April 2020

This concluding chapter summarizes the findings of the book. This involves presenting somewhat of a guide to academics, communities, and practitioners that seek to support indigenous concepts of sustainable development. The chapter begins by describing what indigenous sustainable development is. Then the discussion changes towards modes of implementation. A central focus is given to items such as the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals and their resonances, and lack thereof, with indigenous ideas of development.
Classic Ideas of Modernity, Culture, and Progress
Authors: MacNeill Timothy
Published: April 2020

Ideas of development, and later sustainable development, did not appear out of nowhere after WWII. This chapter explores prewar origins of economic and cultural theories of development. The discussion focusses on ways that culture and development concepts appear in the classical political economy of people like Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill, and neoclassical economists from Pareto, to Hayek, to Keynes.
Culture in Development Theory
Authors: MacNeill Timothy
Published: April 2020

After WWII, development became a major global pursuit, and culture played a key role in ideas of how to nurture its occurrence. This chapter scrutinizes postwar, largely uncritical, development theory—focusing on the way in which culture appears in these ideas.
Graphology in Germany in the 1920s and 1930s
Authors: Schlicht Laurens
Published: April 2020

In this article I examine how psychologists, amateurs and actors in the police and in juridical fields positioned themselves in the 1920s and 1930s on the scientific nature of graphology. Graphology, the study of the character from handwriting, was linked with the hope of providing reliable methods for the investigation of psychological states and dispositions. The essay argues that on an epistemic level two different models have been represented to support the scientific nature of graphology: for one thing resorting to the special individual skill, the “genius” of a graphologist; or rather depersonalized techniques predominantly based on statistics. Amateur graphologists used both of these forms.

On a methodological level, I argue that in order to historicize the human sciences in general, and psychology in particular, it is useful to examine the translation processes that turn everyday interpretative practices (of facial expressions, dreams, handwriting) into scientific legitimate investigative procedures. In order to investigate precisely this translation process, it is useful to look at what Thomas Gieryn calls “boundary work” at the border between scientific and non-scientific interpretation practices, for which graphology is used here as an example. It is particularly illuminating to examine how representatives of the official sciences distinguish themselves from presumed “charlatans”, which is why the article focuses on court cases and the demarcation strategies used by the police against fraudulent amateur graphologists.
Cryoablation combined with transarterial infusion of pembrolizumab (CATAP) for liver metastases of melanoma: an ambispective, proof-of-concept cohort study
Authors: Shen Lujun , Qi Han , Chen Shuanggang , Cao Fei , Xie Lin , Wu Ying , Ma Weimei , Song Ze , Yuan Hui , Zhang Tao , Li Dandan , Wen Xizhi , Chen Qifeng , Li Wang , Zhang Xiaoshi , Fan Weijun
Published: April 2020

Background

The presence of liver metastasis correlates with poor therapeutic response of PD-1 blockade therapy in melanoma. A novel treatment protocol by combining cryoablation with transarterial infusion of pembrolizumab (CATAP) was proposed, and its feasibility and safety was assessed among this group of patients.

Methods

This registered ambispective cohort study enrolled fifteen melanoma patients with multiple hepatic metastases who received planned two-stage CATAP therapy: in the combined stage, subtotal cryoablation on day 1, in which one to two intrahepatic lesions were ablated completely with other lesions left untreated, sequentially combined transarterial infusion of pembrolizumab on day 3, every three weeks, for at least one cycle; in the infusion stage, arterial infusion of pembrolizumab was recommended at three-week interval until disease progression. The primary endpoint was objective response rate by RECIST (version 1.1); secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS) and safety; exploratory endpoints were changes of cytokines and immune cell compositions in peripheral blood samples.

Results

Of the 15 patients enrolled, no grade 3–4 adverse events or major complications were observed. One patient (6.7%) achieved complete response, and 3 (20.0%) achieved partial response. The overall response rates of CATAP for the entire cohort and patients with cutaneous melanoma were 26.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.3–49.0%) and 33.3% (95% CI 2.5–64.1%), respectively. Clinical response was observed in a proportion of patients (2/6; 33.3%) who failed first-line intravenous pembrolizumab treatment. The median overall PFS time and hepatic PFS time were 4.0 (95% CI 2.5–5.5) and 5.73 (95% CI 1.1–10.4) months, respectively. A significant increase in CD3-CD16 + CD56 + cells (natural killer cells; P = 0.0124) and a marginally significant decrease in CD4 + CD25 + cells (regulatory T cells; P = 0.0546) were observed three weeks after the first cycle of treatment in the combined stage.

Conclusions

The CATAP therapy demonstrated positive clinical activity and a favorable safety profile for melanoma patients with liver metastasis.
The Effects of Preferred Music on Laparoscopic Surgical Performance: A Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Oomens Pim , Fu Victor X. , Kleinrensink Vincent E. E. , Kleinrensink Gert‐Jan , Jeekel Johannes
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Music can have a positive effect on stress and general task performance. This randomized crossover study assessed the effects of preferred music on laparoscopic surgical performance in a simulated setting.

Methods

Sixty medical students, inexperienced in laparoscopy, were included between June 2018 and November 2018. A randomized, 4‐period, 4‐sequence, 2‐treatment crossover study design was used, with each participant acting as its own control. Participants performed four periods, consisting of five peg transfer tasks each period, on a laparoscopic box trainer: two periods while wearing active noise‐cancelling headphones and two periods during music exposure. Participants were randomly allocated to a sequence determining the order of the four periods. The parameters time to task completion, path length and normalized jerk were assessed. Mental workload was assessed using the Surgical Task Load Index questionnaire. Also, heart rate and blood pressure were assessed.

Results

Participants performed the peg transfer task significantly faster [median difference: − 0.81 s (interquartile range, − 3.44–0.69) p = 0.037] and handled their instruments significantly more efficient as path length was reduced [median difference, − 52.24 mm (interquartile range, − 196.97–89.81) p = 0.019] when exposed to music. Also, mental workload was significantly reduced during music [median difference, − 2.41 (interquartile range, − 7.17–1.83) p = 0.021)]. No statistically significant effect was observed on heart rate and blood pressure.

Conclusion

Listening to preferred music improves laparoscopic surgical performance and reduces mental workload in a simulated setting.

Trial registration

Trial registration number: NCT04111679.
Metalation: nature’s challenge in bioinorganic chemistry
Authors: Robinson Nigel J. , Glasfeld Arthur
Published: April 2020

The association of proteins with metals, metalation, is challenging because the tightest binding metals are rarely the correct ones. Inside cells, correct metalation is enabled by controlled bioavailability plus extra mechanisms for tricky combinations such as iron and manganese.
Impact of spacing and pruning on quantity, quality and economics of Douglas-fir sawn timber: scenario and sensitivity analysis
Authors: Rais Andreas , Poschenrieder Werner , van de Kuilen Jan-Willem G. , Pretzsch Hans
Published: April 2020

Controlling the long-term effect of management on the quantity and properties of individual boards is a fundamental challenge for silviculture. Within this basic study on Douglas-fir, we have investigated the sensitivity of the net present value (NPV) to three most common planting densities and a prominent pruning strategy. We therefore have applied an individual tree growth model, which represents intrinsic stem structure as a result of crown competition. The model extrapolated board strength development to the rotational age of 70 years, starting from real and comprehensive data recorded from experimental Douglas-fir plots at the age of 20 years. Total volume production increased from about 1600 m3 ha−1 for 1000 and 2000 trees ha−1 to 1800 m3 ha−1 for 4000 trees ha−1. The economic superiority of the lowest density stands increased considering the NPV at inflation-adjusted interest rates of 0%, 2% and 4%: Given an interest rate of 2% and no pruning, the NPV at 2000 was at about 50% of the one at 1000 trees ha−1. The NPV at 4000 trees ha−1 was even negative. Generally, artificial pruning was not effective. The revealed financial trade-off between growth and timber quality in young stands underlines the importance of silvicultural guidelines, which quantify the effect of management on yield per strength class and financial outcome.
Oscillatory Behavior in a Model of Non-Markovian Mean Field Interacting Spins
Authors: Dai Pra Paolo , Formentin Marco , Pelino Guglielmo
Published: April 2020

We analyze a non-Markovian mean field interacting spin system, related to the Curie–Weiss model. We relax the Markovianity assumption by replacing the memoryless distribution of the waiting times of a classical spin-flip dynamics with a distribution with memory. The resulting stochastic evolution for a single particle is a spin-valued renewal process, an example of a two-state semi-Markov process. We associate to the individual dynamics an equivalent Markovian description, which is the subject of our analysis. We study a corresponding interacting particle system, where a mean field interaction-depending on the magnetization of the system-is introduced as a time scaling on the waiting times between two successive particle’s jumps. Via linearization arguments on the Fokker–Planck mean field limit equation, we give evidence of emerging periodic behavior. Specifically, numerical analysis on the discrete spectrum of the linearized operator, characterized by the zeros of an explicit holomorphic function, suggests the presence of a Hopf bifurcation for a critical value of the temperature. The presence of a Hopf bifurcation in the limit equation matches the emergence of a periodic behavior obtained by simulating the N-particle system.
The Responsible Migrant, Reading the Global Compact on Migration
Authors: Oelgemöller Christina , Allinson Kathryn
Published: April 2020

In 2016, the international community, in reaction to the growing number of ‘tragedies’ occurring as people attempted to move across borders, met to discuss large movements of refugees and migrants. The outcome of this meeting was an agreement to negotiate two Global Compacts, one on refugees and one on migrants, with the aim of facilitating ‘orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people’. This article explores how responsibility in the Global Compact on Migrant is expressive of a changed way of ‘doing’ migration. The language of ‘responsibility’ raises questions about how the international community views international migration and, by extension, prepares the ground for policy and practice on international migration. Taking a genealogical, jurisprudential approach, we follow the logic which brings migration, development and human rights language together to construct a new subjectivity: that of the ‘responsible’ migrant. The migrant human will be a rights-bearer because they will contribute to development in particular gendered ways. We argue that assuming a narrow understanding of responsibility misses expressive dynamics in the normalizing of international migration within a new framing to inform international law making.
Soluble Klotho: a possible predictor of quality of life in acromegaly patients
Authors: Coopmans Eva C. , El-Sayed Nour , Frystyk Jan , Magnusson Nils E. , Jørgensen Jens O. L. , van der Lely Aart-Jan , Janssen Joop A. M. J. L. , Muhammad Ammar , Neggers Sebastian J. C. M. M.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Although quality of life (QoL) is improved in patients with acromegaly after disease control, QoL correlates only weakly with traditional biomarkers. Our objective is to investigate a potential relation between the new serum biomarker soluble Klotho (sKlotho), GH and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels, and QoL.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, we investigated 54 acromegaly patients biochemically well-controlled on combination treatment with first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) and pegvisomant (PEGV) at baseline and 9 months after switching to pasireotide LAR (PAS-LAR; either as monotherapy, n = 28; or in combination with PEGV, n = 26). QoL was measured by the Patient-Assessed Acromegaly Symptom Questionnaire (PASQ) and Acromegaly Quality of Life (AcroQoL) questionnaire.

Results

Switching to PAS-LAR treatment significantly improved QoL without altering IGF-1 levels. QoL did not correlate with GH or IGF-1 levels, but sKlotho correlated with the observed improvements in QoL by the AcroQoL global (r = −0.35, p = 0.012) and physical subdimension (r = −0.34, p = 0.017), and with PASQ headache (r = 0.28, p = 0.048), osteoarthralgia (r = 0.46, p = 0.00080) and soft tissue swelling score (r = 0.29, p = 0.041). Parallel changes in serum sKlotho and IGF-1 (r = 0.31, p = 0.023) suggest sKlotho and IGF-1 to be similarly dependent on GH. Comparing the PAS-LAR combination therapy and the monotherapy group we did not observe a significant difference in improvement of QoL.

Conclusions

Patients experienced improved QoL during PAS-LAR, either as monotherapy or in combination with PEGV. Soluble Klotho concentrations appear to be a useful marker of QoL in acromegaly patients but the underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated.
Impact of solutal Marangoni convection on oil recovery during chemical flooding
Authors: Palizdan Sepideh , Abbasi Jassem , Riazi Masoud , Malayeri Mohammad Reza
Published: April 2020

In this study, the impacts of solutal Marangoni phenomenon on multiphase flow in static and micromodel geometries have experimentally been studied and the interactions between oil droplet and two different alkaline solutions (i.e. MgSO4and Na2CO3) were investigated. The static tests revealed that the Marangoni convection exists in the presence of the alkaline and oil which should carefully be considered in porous media. In the micromodel experiments, observations showed that in the MgSO4flooding, the fluids stayed almost stationary, while in the Na2CO3flooding, a spontaneous movement was detected. The changes in the distribution of fluids showed that the circular movement of fluids due to the Marangoni effects can be effective in draining of the unswept regions. The dimensional analysis for possible mechanisms showed that the viscous, gravity and diffusion forces were negligible and the other mechanisms such as capillary and Marangoni effects should be considered in the investigated experiments. The value of the new defined Marangoni/capillary dimensionless number for the Na2CO3solution was orders of magnitude larger than the MgSO4flooding scenario which explains the differences between the two cases and also between different micromodel regions. In conclusion, the Marangoni convection is activated by creating an ultra-low IFT condition in multiphase flow problems that can be profoundly effective in increasing the phase mixing and microscopic efficiency.
Geochemical characteristics of the Chang7 organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks and its relationship with the tight oil in Longdong area, Northwest China
Authors: Gao Yongliang , Wen Zhigang , Xu Yaohui , Song Huanxin , Li Wei , Yu Yamin , Ke Changwei
Published: April 2020

In order to study the geochemical characteristics of fine-grained sedimentary rocks and clarify its relationship with the tight oil reservoir, the Chang7 Member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Longdong area was taken as an example to be studied by rock pyrolysis, isotopic determination, maceral analysis, gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Lacustrine organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks can be divided into organic-rich shale and organic-rich mudstone according to their lithology and texture. The results show that the organic-rich shale was deposited in a quiet and anoxic deep lacustrine environment, the organic matter was of high abundance and mainly sourced from plankton and benthic algae (type I–II1). Organic-rich mudstone mainly deposited in the semi-deep lacustrine environment, where the water was relatively shallow and the salinity was low, the organic matter was of low abundance and came from the mixed source of plankton and terrestrial clastic (type II1–II2). The Chang7 tight oil is widely distributed in the turbidite sand bodies, and it was mainly sourced from the Chang7 organic-rich shale.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Towards Cervical Cancer and its Screening Among Women from Tribal Population: a Community-Based Study from Southern India
Authors: Ghosh Supriti , Mallya Sneha D. , Shetty Ranjitha S. , Pattanshetty Sanjay M. , Pandey Deeksha , Kabekkodu Shama Prasada , Satyamoorthy Kapaettu , Kamath Veena G.
Published: April 2020

Background

Cervical cancer continues to be a leading cancer among women in India. Despite availability of various screening techniques, majority of Indian women remain unscreened for cancer cervix. The increasing incidence could be attributed to the lack of awareness regarding cervical cancer screening and paucity of organized screening facilities in the country. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards cervical cancer screening among tribal women of coastal Karnataka, southern India.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1140 women aged 20–65 years from three tribes. Information on their KAP towards cervical cancer screening was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire.

Results

Mean age of the participants was 39.8 ± 10.1 years. Although 82.9% of the participants reported to have heard of cervical cancer, 51% were aware that the disease could be prevented, and only 2.3% knew that it can be detected at an early stage. Over 75% of the participants did not have adequate knowledge regarding cervical cancer. However, majority of them (99.9%) had a favourable attitude towards cervical cancer screening. None of them had undergone cervical cancer screening prior to the study. The knowledge scores were significantly associated with age group, marital status, education level, socioeconomic status and tribal community of the participants (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Overall knowledge regarding cervical cancer among the surveyed women was poor, though they exhibited a positive attitude. This calls for a sustained health education and screening program to create awareness and improve the uptake of cervical cancer screening among these women.
Frontiers of business intelligence and analytics 3.0: a taxonomy-based literature review and research agenda
Authors: Eggert Mathias , Alberts Jens
Published: April 2020

Researching the field of business intelligence and analytics (BI & A) has a long tradition within information systems research. Thereby, in each decade the rapid development of technologies opened new room for investigation. Since the early 1950s, the collection and analysis of structured data were the focus of interest, followed by unstructured data since the early 1990s. The third wave of BI & A comprises unstructured and sensor data of mobile devices. The article at hand aims at drawing a comprehensive overview of the status quo in relevant BI & A research of the current decade, focusing on the third wave of BI & A. By this means, the paper’s contribution is fourfold. First, a systematically developed taxonomy for BI & A 3.0 research, containing seven dimensions and 40 characteristics, is presented. Second, the results of a structured literature review containing 75 full research papers are analyzed by applying the developed taxonomy. The analysis provides an overview on the status quo of BI & A 3.0. Third, the results foster discussions on the predicted and observed developments in BI & A research of the past decade. Fourth, research gaps of the third wave of BI & A research are disclosed and concluded in a research agenda.
The partition of salts (i) between two immiscible solution phases and (ii) between the solid salt phase and its saturated salt solution
Authors: Scholz Fritz , Kahlert Heike , Thede Richard
Published: April 2020

The partition of salts between two polar immiscible solvents results from the partition of the cations and anions. Because electroneutrality rules in both phases, the partition of cations is affected by that of anions, and vice versa. Thus, the partition of a salt is determined by the chemical potentials of cations and anions in both phases, and it is limited by the boundary condition of electroneutrality. Whereas the partition of neutral molecules does not produce a Galvani potential difference at the interface, the partition of salts does. Here, the equations to calculate this Galvani potential difference are derived for salts of the general composition$$ {\text{Cat}}_{{\nu_{\text{Cat}} }}^{{(z_{\text{Cat}} ) + }} {\text{An}}_{{\nu_{\text{An}} }}^{{(z_{\text{An}} ) - }} $$CatνCat(zCat)+AnνAn(zAn)-and for uni-univalent salts$$ {\text{Cat}}^{ + } {\text{An}}^{ - } $$Cat+An-. The activity of a specific ion in a particular phase can thus be purposefully tuned by the choice of a suitable counterion. Finally, the distribution of a salt between its solid phase and its saturated solution is also presented, together with a discussion of the Galvani potential difference across the interface of the two phases.

Graphical abstract
Assessment of Human Skin Burns: A Deep Transfer Learning Approach
Authors: Abubakar Aliyu , Ugail Hassan , Bukar Ali Maina
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Accurate assessment of burns is increasingly sought due to diagnostic challenges faced with traditional visual assessment methods. While visual assessment is the most established means of evaluating burns globally, specialised dermatologists are not readily available in most locations and assessment is highly subjective. The use of other technical devices such as Laser Doppler Imaging is highly expensive while rate of occurrences is high in low- and middle-income countries. These necessitate the need for robust and cost-effective assessment techniques thereby acting as an affordable alternative to human expertise.

Method

In this paper, we present a technique to discriminate skin burns using deep transfer learning. This is due to deficient datasets to train a model from scratch, in which two dense and a classification layers were added to replace the existing top layers of pre-trained ResNet50 model.

Results

The proposed study was able to discriminate between burns and healthy skin in both ethnic subjects (Caucasians and Africans). We present an extensive analysis of the effect of using both homogeneous and heterogeneous datasets when training a machine learning algorithm. The findings show that using homogenous dataset during training process produces a biased diagnostic model towards minor racial subjects while using heterogeneous datasets produce a robust diagnostic model. Recognition accuracy of up to 97.1% and 99.3% using African and Caucasian datasets respectively were achieved.

Conclusion

We concluded that it is feasible to have a robust diagnostic machine learning model for burns assessment that can be deployed to remote locations faced with access to specialized burns specialists, thereby aiding in decision-making as quick as possible
Just the Facts: Protected code blue – Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency department during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: McIsaac Sarah , Wax Randy S. , Long Brit , Hicks Christopher , Vaillancourt Christian , Ohle Robert , Atkinson Paul
Published: April 2020

Emergency medical services (EMS) is called for a 65-year-old man with a 1-week history of cough, fever, and mild shortness of breath now reporting chest pain. Vitals on scene were HR 110, BP 135/90, SpO2 88% on room air. EMS arrives at the emergency department (ED). As the patient is moved to a negative pressure room, he becomes unresponsive with no palpable pulse. What next steps should be discussed in order to protect the team and achieve the best possible patient outcome?
Extensions with shrinking fibers
Authors: KLOECKNER BENOÎT R.
Published: April 2020

We consider dynamical systems $T:X\rightarrow X$ that are extensions of a factor $S:Y\rightarrow Y$ through a projection $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}:X\rightarrow Y$ with shrinking fibers, that is, such that $T$ is uniformly continuous along fibers $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}^{-1}(y)$ and the diameter of iterate images of fibers $T^{n}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}^{-1}(y))$ uniformly go to zero as $n\rightarrow \infty$. We prove that every $S$-invariant measure $\check{\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}}$ has a unique $T$-invariant lift $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$, and prove that many properties of $\check{\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}}$ lift to $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$: ergodicity, weak and strong mixing, decay of correlations and statistical properties (possibly with weakening in the rates). The basic tool is a variation of the Wasserstein distance, obtained by constraining the optimal transportation paradigm to displacements along the fibers. We extend classical arguments to a general setting, enabling us to translate potentials and observables back and forth between $X$ and $Y$.
Search and recovery of aircraft parts in ice-sheet crevasse fields using airborne and in situ geophysical sensors
Authors: Mankoff Kenneth D. , van As Dirk , Lines Austin , Bording Thue , Elliott Joshua , Kraghede Rune , Cantalloube Hubert , Oriot Hélène , Dubois-Fernandez Pascale , Ruault du Plessis Olivier , Christiansen Anders Vest , Auken Esben , Hansen Karina , Colgan William , Karlsson Nanna B.
Published: April 2020

On 30 September 2017, an Air France Airbus A380-800 suffered a failure of its fourth engine while over Greenland. This failure resulted in the loss of the engine fan hub, fan blades and surrounding structure. An initial search recovered 30 pieces of light debris, but the primary part of interest, a ~220 kg titanium fan hub, was not recovered because it had a different fall trajectory than the light debris, impacted into the ice-sheet's snow surface, and was quickly covered by drifting snow. Here we describe the methods used for the detection of the fan hub and details of the field campaigns. The search area included two crevasse fields of at least 50 snow-covered crevasses 1 to ~30 m wide with similar snow bridge thicknesses. After 21 months and six campaigns, using airborne synthetic aperture radar, ground-penetrating radar, transient electromagnetics and an autonomous vehicle to survey the crevasse fields, the fan hub was found within ~1 m of a crevasse at a depth of ~3.3 to 4 m and was excavated with shovels, chain saws, an electric winch, sleds and a gasoline heater, by workers using fall-arrest systems.
High frequency of clinical conditions commonly associated with mitochondrial disorders in schizophrenia
Authors: Alonso Yolanda , Valiente-Pallejà Alba , Verge Begoña , Vilella Elisabet , Martorell Lourdes
Published: April 2020

Objective:

It has been hypothesised that neuropsychiatric symptoms, including psychosis, can be the result of a milder brain bioenergetic defect produced by mitochondrial dysfunction; however, mitochondrial dysfunction can be present in other organs or systems. The aim of the study was to investigate whether clinical conditions associated with mitochondrial disorders (CAMDs) were frequently present in schizophrenia.

Methods:

A previously used questionnaire regarding the CAMDs was administered to patients and controls in a direct interview with a trained psychiatrist. The frequencies of CAMDs in 164 patients with schizophrenia were compared to those in 156 age- and sex-matched controls.

Results:

Severe fatigue, seizures, constipation and diabetes were significantly more frequent in patients with schizophrenia than in control subjects and apparently not related to pharmacological treatment.

Conclusion:

The results of the present study suggest that multi-systemic mitochondrial dysfunction may be an underlying mechanism involved in schizophrenia.
A Multisensory Approach to Rock Art: Exploring Tactile and Visual Dimensions in the Southern Scandinavian Rock Art Tradition
Authors: Skoglund Peter , Persson Tomas , Rédei Anna Cabak
Published: April 2020

This paper discusses rock art in southern Scandinavia as a multisensory format, where both sight and touch would have contributed to the comprehension of the images. From a structural semiotic point of view, we suggest that rock art can be construed as an organised set of features, such as visual and tactile elements, organised into heterogeneous unities with dynamic relations between elements that can change over time with respect to how they are experienced. We argue that in order to understand the rock art medium, it is crucial to take into consideration the multisensory interaction between the perceiver and the qualities of the rock art surface. The reason for including tactile elements in our interpretation of the conception of rock art is the way it was created: by hands interacting with tools and rock surfaces, as well as the spontaneous human tendency to explore the physical world through touch. One can identify key features in the images that would arguably facilitate tactile recognition, as well as be better explained from a multisensorial perspective. This includes the position of the images on horizontal outcrops, the moderate size of the images, the application of an orthographic perspective, the use of ‘tactile markers’ (ie crucial features having a strategic function for understanding images by touch), and the occurrence of incomplete images. A multisensorial perspective on rock art furthermore has semiotic implications. Incomplete images, for example, can be understood as indexical stand-ins for the whole imagined picture, ie as iconic indices. A multisensorial approach to Scandinavian rock art thus allows for new explanations for certain design choices, as well as a new understanding of how the images could relay meaning to a perceiver.
Illuminating Intcal During the Younger Dryas
Authors: Reinig Frederick , Sookdeo Adam , Esper Jan , Friedrich Michael , Guidobaldi Giulia , Helle Gerhard , Kromer Bernd , Nievergelt Daniel , Pauly Maren , Tegel Willy , Treydte Kerstin , Wacker Lukas , Büntgen Ulf
Published: April 2020

As the worldwide standard for radiocarbon (14C) dating over the past ca. 50,000 years, the International Calibration Curve (IntCal) is continuously improving towards higher resolution and replication. Tree-ring-based 14C measurements provide absolute dating throughout most of the Holocene, although high-precision data are limited for the Younger Dryas interval and farther back in time. Here, we describe the dendrochronological characteristics of 1448 new 14C dates, between ~11,950 and 13,160 cal BP, from 13 pines that were growing in Switzerland. Significantly enhancing the ongoing IntCal update (IntCal20), this Late Glacial (LG) compilation contains more annually precise 14C dates than any other contribution during any other period of time. Thus, our results now provide unique geochronological dating into the Younger Dryas, a pivotal period of climate and environmental change at the transition from LG into Early Holocene conditions.
The effect on satiety of ingesting isosweet and isoenergetic sucrose- and isomaltulose-sweetened beverages: a randomised crossover trial
Authors: Mills Brianna M. , Keesing Celeste T. , Haszard Jillian J. , Venn Bernard J.
Published: April 2020

Generating feelings of satiety may be important in maintaining weight control. It has been hypothesised that the circulating concentration of glucose is a major determinant of satiety, yet the relationship between postprandial glycaemia and satiety is inconclusive. Our aim was to assess satiety following ingestion of beverages differing in glycaemic index (GI) containing either 50 g of sucrose (GI 65) or isomaltulose (PalatinoseTM) (GI 32). The beverages were matched for sweetness using a triangle sensory test. Seventy-seven participants were randomised to the order in which they received each beverage, 2 weeks apart. A standard lunch was given at 12.00 hours. Satiety was measured using 100-mm visual analogue scales (VAS) administered at 14.00 hours (baseline) and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min after ingesting the beverage. Weighed diet records were kept from 17.00 to 24.00 hours. Mean differences for isomaltulose compared with sucrose AUC VAS were ‘How hungry do you feel?’ 109 (95 % CI –443, 661) mm × min; ‘How satisfied do you feel?’ 29 (95 % CI –569, 627) mm × min; ‘How full do you feel?’ −91 (95 % CI –725, 544) mm × min and ‘How much do you think you can eat?’ 300 (95 % CI –318, 919) mm × min. There was no between-treatment difference in satiety question responses or in dietary energy intake −291 (95 % CI −845, 267) kJ over the remainder of the day. In this experiment, feelings of satiety were independent of the GI of the test beverages. Any differences in satiety found between foods chosen on the basis of GI could be attributable to food properties other than the glycaemic-inducing potential of the food.