bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIVERTICULITIS COMPLICADA EN UN PACIENTE DE 41 AÑOS. PRESENTACIÓN DEL CASO CLÍNICO Y REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA.
Authors: Dagobeth Edgar Vergara , Peña Éiver Eliecer Sanes , García David Andrés Vergara
Published: March 2017

Introducción: La enfermedad diverticular complicada delcolon es rara en pacientes jóvenes, estimándose unaincidencia menor a 10% en las grandes series. Casoclínico: Se describe un paciente de 41 años de edad concomplicaciones de enfermedad diverticular; quien presentó cuadro de abdomen agudo de pocas horas de evolución y requirió cirugía de urgencia, con buena evolución post-operatoria. Conclusiones: Algunos autores consideran que la diverticulitis en los pacientes jóvenes puede tener un comportamiento con más complicaciones que en los pacientes mayores. No obstante, informes recientes han señalado que el comportamiento de las complicaciones de la enfermedad diverticular puede ser el mismo en los pacientes jóvenes y en los de mayor edad.
ENFERMEDADES CARDIOVASCULARES Y ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA EN SALUD.
Authors: Verbel Mario Alberto Pastor
Published: March 2017

El presente artículo resalta la relación directa la Prevención y Control de las Enfermedades Cardiovasculares con la Atención Primaria en Salud. Factores como el tabaquismo, una dieta poco saludable, inactividad física y consumo nocivo de alcohol; son desencadenantes de la presencia de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (ECV) en una persona. La prevención eficaz desde la Atención Primaria de estos factores, disminuye considerablemente la mortalidad y morbimortalidad por ECV. Facilitar y realizar acciones dirigidas a impedir o disminuir la incidencia de estos condicionantes (prevención primaria), supone un impacto importante en el estado de salud y en la economía de la población.
IMPACTO DE UNA INTERVENCIÓN EDUCATIVA EN CUIDADORES DE ESCOLARES: EFICAZ PARA ELIMINAR CRIADEROS DEL VECTOR DEL DENGUE.
Authors: Arrieta Edalcy Month , Amarís Gloria Villarreal
Published: March 2017

Objetivo. Determinar la eficacia de una intervencióneducativa basada en la teoría de Albert Bandura, diseñada para inducir cambios de comportamiento a favor de erradicar criaderos del vector del dengue en entornosfamiliares de escolares dela Comuna 8 de Sincelejo.Metodología. Se realizó un estudio cuasi experimentalde intervención educativa de tipo antes y después. Setomó una muestra de 80 cuidadores a través de unmuestreo no aleatorio, la participación fue voluntaria ycumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Las actividadesde recolección de información pre y posintervenciónincluyeron aplicación de una encuesta de conocimientossobre el comportamiento de la enfermedad, del vector yformas de prevención, una entrevista, para explorar lascreencias, dimensión del riesgo y prácticas de controlintradomiciliaria; y una observación directa para cuantificar y monitorear la eliminación de los criaderos en las viviendas de los escolares. El impacto en el al cambio de conducta de eliminar los criaderos, fue medido mediante la proporción de cambio y la prueba de McNemar.Resultados. Después de la intervención se evidenciaroncambios en los conocimientos (90.9%), creencias(85.4%), percepción de riesgos (72.2%) y prácticas(84,4%). La radio y la televisión fueron las fuentespredominantes de información sobre el dengue. Conclusión:El impacto del programa estuvo positivamente asociado al incremento de las prácticas preventivas, las creencias conocimientos y la percepción del riesgo, reflejados en la disminución significativa de los criaderos del vector del dengue a nivel intradomiciliario.
Ruptura del musculo gastronecmio en una novilla Gyr en el departamento de Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Cardona A José , Suarez Ch Alfredo , Jimenez A Isaías
Published: March 2017

Se expone el caso de un Bovino Gyr puro, Hembra, de 1,5 años de edad, la cual fue atendida por el servicio clínico ambulatorio del área de clínica de Médico-Quirúrgica de Grandes Animales de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad de Córdoba. El animal fue encontrado en el potrero en decúbito, posterior a un procedimiento anestésico de epidural baja con fines de aspiración folicular. Presentó incapacidad para incorporarse con fuertes manifestaciones de dolor, al colocarse de pie mostró apoyo plantar con el metatarso del miembro posterior izquierdo, fue realizado examen clínico general y radiología del área afectada. En la evaluación Clínica del animal en decúbito lateral derecho, se encontró a la inspección inflamación en la región proximal y medial de la tibia del miembro posterior izquierdo, a la palpación mostró signos agudos de dolor y temblores músculo cutáneos en el área afectada, así como dolor y flacidez a nivel del tendón gastrognemio, posteriormente se procedió a parar al animal, mostrando en estación apoyo plantar con todo el metatarso. El diagnóstico definitivo fue de con ruptura del tendón gastrognemio.
Desiring the Hidden God: Knowledge Without Belief
Authors: Perlmutter Julian
Published: March 2017

For many people, the phenomenon of divine hiddenness is so total that it is far from clear to them that God (roughly speaking, the God of Jewish and Christian tradition) exists at all. Reasonably enough, they therefore do not believe that God exists. Yet it is possible, whilst lacking belief in God’s reality, nonetheless to see it as a possibility that is both realistic and attractive; and in this situation, one will likely want to be open to the considerable benefits that would be available if God were real. In this paper I argue that certain kinds of desire for God can aid this non-believing openness. It is possible to desire God even in a state of non-belief, since desire does not require belief that its object exists. I argue that if we desire God in some particular capacity, and with some sense of what would constitute satisfaction, then through the desire we have knowledge – incomplete yet vivid in its personal significance – about the attributes God would need in order to satisfy us; thus, if God is real and does have those attributes, one knows something about God through desiring him. Because desire does not require belief, neither does the knowledge in question. Expanding on recent work by Vadas and Wynn, I sketch the epistemology of desire needed to support this argument. I then apply this epistemology to desire for God. An important question is how one might cultivate the requisite kinds desire for God; and one way, I argue, is through engaging with certain kinds of sacred music. I illustrate desire’s religiously epistemic power in this context, before replying to two objections.
Moses Maimonides on Job's Happiness and the Riddle of Divine Transcendence
Authors: Verbin N.
Published: March 2017

The paper explores the nature and role of divine transcendence in Maimonides by focusing on the figure of Job as he is understood by him. In the first part, I discuss Maimonides’ diagnosis of Job’s suffering. In the second, I focus on Maimonides’ analysis of the nature of its defeat, and the manners in which that defeat involves the mediation of divine transcendence and hiddenness. In the third, I discuss some of the difficulties involved within the picture presented in the second part, namely, Maimonides’ seeming commitment to two incompatible conceptions of divine transcendence. I argue that the incompatible accounts need not be harmonized since the Guide of the Perplexed is not a textbook that attempts to provide a doctrine concerning the nature of divine transcendence and its relation to the world. Rather, its purpose is to present a riddle, the great riddle of divine transcendence, around which Jewish life, as he understands it, is built. This riddle, for Maimonides, cannot be solved or dissolved; rather, it has to be recognized and embraced.
Infinite Striving and the Infinite Subject: A Kierkegaardian Reply to Schellenberg
Authors: Hanson Jeffrey
Published: March 2017

In this paper I argue – pace J. L. Schellenberg – that it remains the case for Kierkegaard that infinite striving, properly understood, is essential to the relationship with God, who remains the Infinite Subject, one necessarily hidden for defensible logical, ontological, and existential reasons. Thus Kierkegaard’s arguments for the hiddenness of God as a logically required ingredient in the relationship that human beings are called to undertake with God can withstand Schellenberg’s criticisms.
Factors associated with anesthetic-related death in dogs and cats in primary care veterinary hospitals
Authors: Matthews Nora S. , Mohn Thomas J. , Yang Mingyin , Spofford Nathaniel , Marsh Alison , Faunt Karen , Lund Elizabeth M. , Lefebvre Sandra L.
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors for anesthetic-related death in pet dogs and cats.

DESIGN Matched case-control study.

ANIMALS 237 dogs and 181 cats.

PROCEDURES Electronic medical records from 822 hospitals were examined to identify dogs and cats that underwent general anesthesia (including sedation) or sedation alone and had death attributable to the anesthetic episode ≤ 7 days later (case animals; 115 dogs and 89 cats) or survived > 7 days afterward (control animals [matched by species and hospital]; 122 dogs and 92 cats). Information on patient characteristics and data related to the anesthesia session were extracted. Conditional multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with anesthetic-related death for each species.

RESULTS The anesthetic-related death rate was higher for cats (11/10,000 anesthetic episodes [0.11%]) than for dogs (5/10,000 anesthetic episodes [0.05%]). Increasing age was associated with increased odds of death for both species, as was undergoing nonelective (vs elective) procedures. Odds of death for dogs were significantly greater when preanesthetic physical examination results were not recorded (vs recorded) or when preanesthetic Hct was outside (vs within) the reference range. Odds of death for cats were greater when intra-anesthesia records for oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry were absent. Underweight dogs had almost 15 times the odds of death as nonunderweight dogs; for cats, odds of death increased with increasing body weight (but not with overweight body condition).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Several factors were associated with anesthetic-related death in cats and dogs. This information may be useful for development of strategies to reduce anesthetic-related risks when possible and for education of pet owners about anesthetic risks.
A methodology for e-Readiness Computation using Divide, Predict and Conquer Approach
Authors: Sharma Gajendra , Sharma Deep Raj
Published: March 2017

There exist some problems which seem partially similar to Divide and Conquer approach but can’t be solved using this approach. Such type of problems can be divisible into sub problems of different size but the same mechanism may not be useful to solve all of the sub problems. While using the same mechanism to solve all of the sub problems they can be classified into two kinds, first having a solution, second having no solution. The proposed approach in this paper analyses the features of sub-problems that can be solved and finds a solution for the unsolvable problems using those features. Further, we advocate this method is suitable for computation of e-Readiness in developing countries like Nepal, who are bounded to invest a very low budget in Technological Researches.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2016, 12(1): 143-150
Assessment of the Flow at the Chatara on Koshi River Basin using Semi Distributed Model
Authors: Gautam Narayan Prasad
Published: March 2017

Hydrological modeling is a physical phenomenon to incorporate rainfall-runoff process in watershed area at particular point and analysis the behaviors of the flow through outlet. There are various types of models such as black box, conceptual and physical based model depends upon the availability of required data, parameters and description of the physical process. Semi distributed model is a conceptual and physical based model which has been developed to bridge the gap between the lumped and distributed model. It have more advantages than other models with respect to time of calculation, less number of parameters, comparatively low calibration needs and have high efficiency of model. The model performance may be achieved upon the qualitative and quantitative available rainfall data, land use data and size of the watershed. In this study, Koshi river basin was taken for the study area. Kinematic wave method was used for overland routing and Muskingum conge method was applied for channel routing to describe the discharge on Saptakoshi river and peak flow attenuation and dispersion observed in the direct runoff hydrograph. From this study result, Annual runoff, Peak flow and time of peak at the outlet are similar to the observed flow in calibration and verification period using trapezoidal channel. The nash efficiency obtained from the semi distributed model with kinematic wave method is more than 90%in verification periods and nearly 90% in calibration periods Hence Hydrological modeling is a powerful technique in the planning and development of integrated approach for management of water resources.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2016, 12(1): 184-198
Some Properties of Ap Weight Function
Authors: Ghimire Santosh
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we briefly discuss the theory of weights and then define A1 and Ap weight functions. Finally we prove some of the properties of Ap weight function. Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2016, 12(1): 210-213
Patients' Experiences of and Perspectives on Phase 1 Cardiac Rehabilitation after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Maddocks Stacy , Cobbing Saul
Published: March 2017

Purpose: This study explored and described patients' experiences and perceptions of phase 1 cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) at a public hospital in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. CR is recognized around the world as an effective means of preventing disability and prolonging life in post-CABG patients. Despite this, participation in CR is low. Furthermore, little is known about patients' perceptions of CR programmes in South Africa. Method: We used a descriptive qualitative study design to study nine purposively selected participants (mean age 56 y) who had received only individualized CR post-CABG or individualized CR in combination with group CR exercise. The participants were organized into focus groups of attenders and non-attenders of the group CR exercise classes. The four attenders were all men, and the non-attenders were three men and two women. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and subjected to thematic analysis. Results: The three main themes that emerged were communication challenges between health care professionals and patients, the patients' experience of physiotherapy, and their recommendations for service delivery. Conclusion: Patients' perceptions of the current delivery of phase 1 CR in this study setting emphasized that improvements need to be made in the areas of patient-centred care, equality of access to programmes, and appropriateness of programme content. The results appear to indicate that patients have a limited awareness of and participation in in-patient and outpatient CR programmes. Research into improving the design of CR programmes in South Africa is required, in consultation with patients and the multidisciplinary health care team.
100 Years of X-ray Crystallography
Authors: Kemp Terence J. , Alcock Nathaniel W.
Published: March 2017

The developments in crystallography, since it was first covered in Science Progress in 1917, following the formulation of the Bragg equation, are described. The advances in instrumentation and data analysis, coupled with the application of computational methods to data analysis, have enabled the solution of molecular structures from the simplest binary systems to the most complex of biological structures. These developments are shown to have had major impacts in the development of chemical bonding theory and in offering an increasing understanding of enzyme–substrate interactions. The advent of synchrotron radiation sources has opened a new chapter in this multi-disciplinary field of science.
A Hundred Years in the Elucidation of the Structures of Natural Products
Authors: Hanson James R.
Published: March 2017

The development in the strategies for elucidating the structures of natural products from 1916 to 2016 are reviewed revealing the transition from chemical to spectroscopic methods and using examples drawn from the chemistry of terpenoids and steroids.
Open government information in Chinese state-owned enterprises
Authors: Hubbard Paul , Xiao Weibing
Published: March 2017

While the scope of freedom of information laws in democratic countries has been reduced through the contracting out and privatization of public services, China's national open government regulations retain coverage for ``enterprises and entities engaged in sectors closely related to the interests of the people''. Our review of local implementation and court cases find that implementation and interpretation of these regulations is patchy. Outside these public-service sectors, we find a break between earlier policies for `openness in factory affairs', which emphasized the worker's right to participate in company decisions, with more recent `open enterprise information', which requires non-listed state-owned enterprise to provide public financial reports.
Recent Progress in Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Part 3: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Hane Francis T. , Robinson Morgan , Lee Brenda Y. , Bai Owen , Leonenko Zoya , Albert Mitchell S.
Published: March 2017

The field of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research has grown exponentially over the past few decades, especially since the isolation and identification of amyloid-β from postmortem examination of the brains of AD patients. Recently, the Journal of Alzheimer’ s Disease (JAD) put forth approximately 300 research reports which were deemed to be the most influential research reports in the field of AD since 2010. JAD readers were asked to vote on these most influential reports. In this 3-part review, we review the results of the 300 most influential AD research reports to provide JAD readers with a readily accessible, yet comprehensive review of the state of contemporary research. Notably, this multi-part review identifies the “hottest” fields of AD research providing guidance for both senior investigators as well as investigators new to the field on what is the most pressing fields within AD research. Part 1 of this review covers pathogenesis, both on a molecular and macro scale. Part 2 review genetics and epidemiology, and part 3 covers diagnosis and treatment. This part of the review, diagnosis and treatment, reviews the latest diagnostic criteria, biomarkers, imaging, and treatments in AD.
What is the Relationship of Traumatic Brain Injury to Dementia?
Authors: Mendez Mario F.
Published: March 2017

There is a long history linking traumatic brain injury (TBI) with the development of dementia. Despite significant reservations, such as recall bias or concluding causality for TBI, a summary of recent research points to several conclusions on the TBI-dementia relationship. 1) Increasing severity of a single moderate-to-severe TBI increases the risk of subsequent Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia. 2) Repetitive, often subconcussive, mild TBIs increases the risk for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a degenerative neuropathology. 3) TBI may be a risk factor for other neurodegenerative disorders that can be associated with dementia. 4) TBI appears to lower the age of onset of TBI-related neurocognitive syndromes, potentially adding “TBI cognitive-behavioral features”. The literature further indicates several specific risk factors for TBI-associated dementia: 5) any blast or blunt physical force to the head as long as there is violent head displacement; 6) decreased cognitive and/or neuronal reserve and the related variable of older age at TBI; and 7) the presence of apolipoprotein E ɛ4 alleles, a genetic risk factor for AD. Finally, there are neuropathological features relating TBI with neurocognitive syndromes: 8) acute TBI results in amyloid pathology and other neurodegenerative proteinopathies; 9) CTE shares features with neurodegenerative dementias; and 10) TBI results in white matter tract and neural network disruptions. Although further research is needed, these ten findings suggest that dose-dependent effects of violent head displacement in vulnerable brains predispose to dementia; among several potential mechanisms is the propagation of abnormal proteins along damaged white matter networks.
Modulating the Balance of Synaptic and Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors Shows Positive Effects against Amyloid-β-Induced Neurotoxicity
Authors: Huang Yan , Shen Wei , Su Jie , Cheng Bin , Li Dong , Liu Gang , Zhou Wen-Xia , Zhang Yong-Xiang
Published: March 2017

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients suffer a disturbance in the balance between synaptic (GluN2A, mediating the protective pathway) and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors (NMDARs) (GluN2B, mediating the excitotoxic pathway), and, therefore, restoring the balance of GluN2A and GluN2B should be beneficial for AD. In this study, the GluN2B-selective antagonist, ifenprodil, and the non-selective NMDAR agonist, NMDA, had little effect on amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation deficits. Enhancing the activity of GluN2A had a protective effect against Aβ, and specific activation of GluN2A and inhibition of GluN2B showed a better protective effect. In Aβ ICV-injected animals, the combination of ifenprodil and D-cycloserine (a co-activator of NMDRs similar to D-serine) led to greater improvement in behavior tests (nest building, novel object recognition, and Morris water maze) than ifenprodil (Morris water maze) or D-cycloserine (nest building) alone. Signal pathway analysis showed that Aβ disturbed the GluN2A/GluN2B-related pathway. The ratio of GluN2A to GluN2B decreased in Aβ-treated animals, and TORC dephosphorylation and ERK1/2 activation, which could be initiated by GluN2A, also decreased in the hippocampal tissues of Aβ-treated animals. As a result, the activation of CREB and the content of brain-derived BDNF decreased. The combination of ifenprodil and D-cycloserine reversed the signal pathway more significantly than ifenprodil or D-cycloserine alone, indicating that Aβ-induced toxicology was mediated both by functionally inhibiting GluN2A and enhancing GluN2B. These results indicate that enhancing synaptic NMDARs and inhibiting extrasynaptic NMDARs concurrently showed protective effects against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity, suggesting that modulation of the balance between GluN2A and GluN2B could be a potential strategy for AD drug development and therapy.
Histopathological Pattern of Glomerulonephritis: Experience from BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Samad Tabassum , Iqbal Sarwar , Haque Wasim Md Mohosinul , Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Ananna Mehruba Alam , Haque Hasna Fahmima , Afsana Faria , Chowdhury Tufayel Ahmed
Published: March 2017

Background: Glomerulonephritis (GN) remains the most probable underlying cause of end stage renal disease of uncertain aetiology in many developing countries including Bangladesh. The pattern of glomerular disease varies widely from country to country. In Bangladesh, the incidence and histological pattern of GN is inadequately described. We performed a study, aiming to determine the pattern of GN in a diabetic hospital of our country.Methods: It was a cross-sectional hospital based prospective study conducted at BIRDEM General Hospital starting from July 2013 to December 2014. It included all patients with suspected GN who underwent native kidney biopsy.Results: Total 57 biopsies were performed and four cases other than primary or secondary GN (renal cortical necrosis 1, tubulointertsitial nephritis 2,chronic GN 1) were excluded i.e total number of PGN was 37 and secondary GN was 16. number of patients with were 53. M:F was 1.2:1.Mean age was 42.35±15(14-72) years. Thirty one (58.49%) of the study subjects had diabetes mellitus (DM). Mesangialproliferative GN (15/37,40.5%) and diabetic nephropathy (9/16,56%) were the commonest histopathological pattern found among primary and secondary GN respectively. Membranoproliferative GN (10/37,27%),was the second commonly observed pattern followed by focal segmental proliferative GN (8%), membranous nephropathy (8%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (5.4%) in primary GN and lupus nephritis (6/16,38%) and Wegeners granulomatosis (1/16) were other varieties in secondary group. Among 53 cases, 37 had proliferative variety. Nephrotic range proteinuria (41.5%) was the commonest indication of biopsy and 22% had post biopsy bleeding and 3.7% required blood transfusion.Conclusion: In conclusion, mesangial proliferative and membranoproliferative GN are the two common causes of primary GN. Diabetic nephropathy is the commonest cause of secondary GN. Nephrotic range proteinuria was the main indication of biopsy. Post biopsy complication was negligible. Creation of a national renal registry is essential for obtaining more specific epidemiological data.Birdem Med J 2016; 6(2): 67-73
Organophosphorus Compound Poisoning and Its Outcome: Experience from a Teaching Hospital of Bangladeh
Authors: Islam Md Daharul , Akter Khaleda , Hoque Md Azizul , Ekram ARM Saifuddin
Published: March 2017

Background: Household and agricultural products containing organophosphorus compound (OPC) pesticides are easily available allowing opportunities for easy source of poisoning throughout the world. Bangladesh is no exception. This study was aimed to find out some epidemiological and demographic profile and immediate outcome of OPC poisoning cases.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from January to December 2007 and consecutively selected 100 patients with OPC poisoning were studied.Results: Half of the patients belonged to age group 16 25 years, 60% were male, 60% were married, 36% were illiterate and 25% were housewives. Suicidal attempt (85%) was the main intention and the commonest cause was familial disharmony (42%). Gastrointestinal (91%) and pupillary (90%) features were predominant. Most (65%) cases received initial treatment at local hospitals within 30 minutes of ingestion of poison and severity was mild. Forty percent patients required less than 50 ampules of atropine and 75% required 0 3 ampules of pralidoxime. Full recovery was achieved in 82% cases, 8% developed intermediate syndrome and 10% died (6/10, 60% within 24 hours of admission). Hospital stay was <5 days in 83.3% casesConclusion: OPC poisoning severity and time lapse between OPC poisoning and hospitalization is an important factor in determining outcome of OPC poisoning.Birdem Med J 2016; 6(2): 74-78
Bacterial Etiology, Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern and Risk Factors for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria during Pregnancy: Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Khanum Shakila , Ahmed Jamal Uddin , Khanam Khaleda
Published: March 2017

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common during pregnancy. Untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) during pregnancy may cause serious complications including pyelonephritis and delivery of premature or low-birth-weight infants. This study aimed to assess the risk factors for asymptomatic bacteriuria, bacterial agents and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in pregnant women attending in Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 1540 pregnant women with no signs and symptoms of UTI from October 2013 to March 2015. Clean catch mid-stream urine samples were collected from all study participants using sterile containers. Urine samples were cultured using standard bacteriological methods. Identification of suspected colonies and antibiotic sensitivity testing were done. Patients having ASB were further evaluated to find out associated risk factors.Results: Out of 1540 pregnant women, 254 (16.5%) had asymptomatic bacteriuria (Colony forming unit >105/mL).The most frequently isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (E. coli) (50.4%), followed by Klebsiella (24.0%). The antibiotic sensitivity rate of bacterial isolates were highest for imipenem and amikacin. Among different associated conditions, anemia (16.5%), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (10%) and past history of UTI (5.1%) were found to be the most frequent factors associated with increased prevalence of ASB.Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of ASB was high among pregnant women with anemia, GDM and past history of UTI. E. coli was the most common organism causing ASB, which is less susceptible to conventional oral antibiotics but more susceptible to imipenem and amikacin. So, careful drug selection is required for successful outcome in ASB.Birdem Med J 2016; 6(2): 79-83
Medical Quiz: Images Vol.6(2)
Authors: Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Samad Tabassum , Haque Wasim Md Mohosinul
Published: March 2017

Abstract not availableBirdem Med J 2016; 6(2): 139-140
Short Term Outcome of Preterm Neonates Required Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Mannan Md Abdul , Jahan Nasim , Iqbal Shahed , Ferdous Navila , Dey Subir , Farhana Tashmin , Nazma Nondita
Published: March 2017

Background: Since its inception, the neonatal mechanical ventilator has been considered an essential tool for managing preterm neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) and is still regarded as an integral component in the neonatal respiratory care continuum. Mechanical ventilation of newborn has been practiced for several years with several advances made in the way. As compared to the western world and neighboring countries, neonatal ventilation in our country is still in its infancy. To analyze the common indications and outcome of preterm neonates required mechanical ventilation.Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted on preterm neonates required mechanical ventilation over a period of 12 months (July 2013 to June 2014).Results: A total of 50 neonates were mechanically ventilated during the study period of which 68% (n=34) survived. The survival rate was higher (77%) in 34- <37 weeks Gestational Age (GA) group and gradually declined in 30- <34 weeks (71%) & 27- <30 weeks (56%) GA. The neonates with Birth Weight (BW) ? 2500gm were higher survivals which was 100% and lower in 1500-2499gm (81%), 1000-1499gm (68%) and 800-999gm (33%) BW groups. Inborn neonates (68%) showed marginally higher survivals than outborn (66%) and also more survivals observed in preterm baby girls (72%) than boys (65%). RDS (62%) was the commonest indication for ventilation followed by Neonatal Sepsis (14%), Perinatal Asphyxia (PNA-10%), Congenital Pneumonia (8%) and Pneumothorax (6%). And found higher survivals in RDS (77%) than other indications which were in Pneumothorax (66%), PNA (60%), Sepsis (57%) and Pneumonia (50%). RDS (n=31) with surfactant therapy (n=14) recovered earlier <7 days (71.43%) than non surfactant therapy neonates (n=17), they required prolonged ventilator support over 7days (82.35%).Conclusions: Mechanical ventilation reduces the neonatal mortality, hence facilities for neonatal ventilation should be included in the regional and central hospitals providing intensive care for neonates.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.15 (2); Jul 2016; Page 9-13
Outcomes of Feeding Training to Mothers Having Child with Cerebral Palsy Admitted at A Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Das Dhananjoy , Zaman Tanzida , Hasan Mohammad Shameem , Barua Tanuka , Chowdhury Mahmood A
Published: March 2017

Background: The majority of children with Cerebral Palsy have feeding difficulties. It has a great impact on growth and development in children with cerebral palsy. Feeding difficulties may leads to chronic respiratory disease, malnutrition and reduce quality of life of both children and caregiver. Feeding difficulties cause stressful meal time for caregivers and fear of food for children. In well resource country many hi-tech equipments for the management of feeding difficulties are available but which is not available in low resource country like Bangladesh. Though some of low tech approaches have started a little but the effectiveness or outcomes of these technologies are not evaluated. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding training on feeding difficulties in children with cerebral palsy.Methods: This is a quasi experimental study. Twenty children with cerebral palsy aged 2  9 years having feeding difficulties enrolled as study subjects. Initially degree of feeding difficulties were assessed by evaluating body posture and frequency of aspiration during feeding which is scored according to the response of the child. After giving feeding training to the mother feeding difficulties were reevaluated. Mean score of feeding difficulties before and after intervention were compared by paired 't' test. Results were analyzed by SPSS.Results: Among the study subject 14(70%) were male and 6(30%) were female. Most of them were found to have hemiplegic CP 7(35%). The mean score in terms of positioning and frequency of aspiration were significantly changed after intervention (14.15 vs. 15.85 p = <0.0005), (11.6 vs 15.5 p = < 0.0005).Conclusion: Low-tech strategies and therapies are helpful for the management of feeding difficulties in children with cerebral palsy. Foods and drinks modifications should need to get extra attention for the nutritional improvements of those children. Government and international and national health NGOs should studied more about these low tech strategies to improve the condition of the children with cerebral palsy and to reduce the stress and sufferings of the parents.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.15 (2); Jul 2016; Page 25-29
Factors Affecting Short Term Outcome in Isolated Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Cohort Study from A Tertiary Surgical Center
Authors: Nasiri Seyyed Javad , Adel Maryam Ghavami , Keramati Mohammad Reza
Published: March 2017

Background: The mortality rate of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) is still high in many centers. Most important factors influencing the outcome are pulmonary hypoplasia and associated anomalies. In this study, postnatal factors affecting short term outcome of patients with isolated CDH will be studied in an educational children hospital.Methods : This is a historical cohort study, on newborns with isolated posterolateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia from 2005 to 2015. Relative risks of variables for the short term outcome (Discharged alive or expired) were calculated. We also analyzed the highest PaO2, which was measured during the course of the management in the patients. Location of the liver and stomach were detected, too.Results: Fifty-three patients were studied, including 28(52.8%) male and 25(47.2%) female. Mean Gestational Age (GA) was 38 weeks (Range: 33-40) and mean body weight was 3001.22 (Range: 1300  4200) grams. Forty-two (79.2%) presented with left sided hernia, and 10(18.9%) had right sided defect. Thirty-two (60.4 %) patients discharged alive, and 21(39.6%) expired. Mortality rate for right sided hernias was 70% (7/10), and for left sided ones was 31% (13/42). Sex, weight, GA, stomach and liver herniation had no significant effect on survival. Side of involvement, time of presentation (Onset of symptoms), first measured PaO2, and first measured PaCO2, had significant influences on survival.Conclusion: According to our analysis, side of hernia, time of onset of symptoms, and initial PaO2 and PaCO2 are factors predicting survival in children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Although, we may predict the early outcome of the patients, more studies are needed in this regard.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.15 (2); Jul 2016; Page 30-32
Speculation in the Late-Romantic Literary Marketplace
Authors: Esterhammer Angela
Published: March 2017

Late-Romantic writers were explicitly engaged with the marketplace, and this involvement shows itself in the themes and genres of their work. Literature of the 1820s, in particular, responds to the distressing economic events of that decade, which experienced a cycle of rampant speculation followed by a stock-market crash in 1825–6. This article examines allegories and analyses of speculation in texts by Byron, John Galt, Walter Scott, and Willibald Alexis, together with the Poyais scandal, a notorious example of real-world financial speculation. Combining fact and fiction, these rapidly written texts are early examples of ‘speculative fiction’ that illustrate the dynamics of speculation as a self-perpetuating performance that is sustained by belief and vulnerable to contingency.
The Rubáiyát: A Labour of Love
Authors: Taher-Kermani Reza
Published: March 2017

This is an essay on the genesis of the Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám. The contention is that the Rubáiyát ensued, at least, partly from the affection that Edward FitzGerald had for his friend and mentor in Persian, Edward Byles Cowell. FitzGerald used Omar Khayyám as an excuse to stay in touch with his dear friend Cowell, who left England after introducing him to Khayyám and his poetry. But FitzGerald soon fell in love with ‘Omar’, his new Persian mentor, and replaced the love that he had for Cowell with the one he developed for ‘Omar’. The result of this love was the Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám.
Hemiptera Heteroptera du département du Lot : addenda, corrigenda à l'inventaire de 1992, et commentaires sur la capture de Stethoconus pyri (Miridae)
Authors: Matocq Armand , Tussac Hubert
Published: March 2017

Les auteurs complètent et rectifient la liste des Hétéroptères du département du Lot établie en 1992. Des considérations sont faites sur la capture exceptionnelle de Stethoconus pyri.
Interceptions et introductions en France de Longicornes asiatiques : cas des Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) et chinensis (Forster) (Coleoptera Cerambycidae)
Authors: Cocquempot Christian , Carmignac David , Prost Monique
Published: March 2017

Les interceptions et introductions en France de Coléoptères Cerambycidae se multiplient depuis quelques années. Deux espèces du genre asiatique Anoplophora ont été trouvées récemment dans l'Ain, l'Ardèche, l'Isère, le Loiret et la Marne. A. chinensis a été systématiquement importé avec des bonsaïs mais un seul foyer a été détecté pour l'instant. A. glabripennis a fait l'objet d'une introduction à Gien (Loiret) dont l'éradication est tentée.

La présence en France d'A. glabripennis et A. chinensis était soupçonnée suite à leurs introductions en Autriche et en Italie. Il s'agit d'organismes de quarantaine soumis à une législation rigoureuse car ils sont de redoutables ravageurs des arbres et arbustes sains dans leurs pays d'origine. Leur implantation durable dans notre faune n'est pas certaine pour l'instant mais les incertitudes du résultat des éradications en cours et l'éventualité de foyers oubliés rendent probable leur présence irréversible à court terme.

Le genre Anoplophora compte 36 espèces dont certaines peuvent être confondues avec glabripennis et chinensis, elles mêmes difficiles à distinguer sans examen minutieux. Au moins deux autres espèces de ce genre sont susceptibles d'être également importées en France et de s'y acclimater.
Prediction of axial capacity of piles driven in non-cohesive soils based on neural networks approach
Authors: BENALI Amel , BOUKHATEM Bakhta , HUSSIEN Mahmoud N. , NECHNECH Ammar , KARRAY Mourad
Published: March 2017

This paper presents an application of two advanced approaches, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Princi­pal Component Analysis (PCA) in predicting the axial pile capacity. The combination of these two approaches allowed the development of an ANN model that provides more accurate axial capacity predictions. The model makes use of Back-Propagation Multi-Layer Perceptron (BPMLP) with Bayesian Regularization (BR), and it is established through the incorporation of approximately 415 data sets obtained from data published in the literature for a wide range of un-cemented soils and pile configurations. The compiled database includes, respectively 247 and 168 loading tests on large-and low-displacement driven piles. The contributions of the soil above and below pile toe to the pile base resistance are pre-evaluated using separate finite element (FE) analyses. The assessment of the predictive performance of the new method against a number of traditional SPT-based approaches indicates that the developed model has attractive capabili­ties and advantages that render it a promising tool. To facilitate its use, the developed model is translated into simple design equations based on statistical approaches.
CORRIGENDUM ON THE REPORT ‘THE RESEARCH JOURNAL TRANSPORT: PEER-REVIEWING PROCESS IN 2016’
Authors: Prentkovskis Olegas , Junevičius Raimundas
Published: March 2017

"Corrigendum on the report ‘The research journal TRANSPORT: peer-reviewing process in 2016’." Transport, 32(1), p. 111.
New and poorly known Palaearctic fungus gnats (Diptera, Sciaroidea)
Authors: Salmela Jukka , Kolcsár Levente-Péter
Published: March 2017

Fungus gnats (Sciaroidea) are a globally species rich group of lower Diptera. In Europe, Fennoscandian peninsula in particular holds a notable diversity, ca. 1000 species, of which 10 % are still unnamed. Fungus gnats are predominantly terrestrial insects, but some species dwell in wetland habitats.

Eight new fungus gnat species, belonging to the families Keroplatidae (Orfelia boreoalpina Salmela sp.n.) and Mycetophilidae (Sciophila holopaineni Salmela sp.n., S. curvata Salmela sp.n., Boletina sasakawai Salmela & Kolcsár sp.n., B. norokorpii Salmela & Kolcsár sp.n., Phronia sompio Salmela sp.n., P. reducta Salmela sp.n., P. prolongata Salmela sp.n.), are described. Four of the species are known from Fennoscandia only whilst two are supposed to have boreo-alpine disjunct ranges, i.e. having populations in Fennoscandia and the Central European Alps. One of the species probably has a boreal range (Finnish Lapland and Central Siberia). Type material of Boletina curta Sasakawa & Kimura from Japan was found to consist of two species, and a further species close to these taxa is described from Finland. Phronia elegantula Hackman is redescribed and reported for the first time from Norway. DNA barcodes are provided for the first time for five species.
The effects of acute strenuous exercise on the faecal microbiota in Standardbred racehorses
Authors: Janabi A.H.D. , Biddle A.S. , Klein D.J. , McKeever K.H.
Published: March 2017

While exercise has been found to change the faecal microbiome (FM) in laboratory animals exposed over weeks, no studies have identified immediate changes in the FM associated with short spans of intense exercise, ~5 min. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that acute intense exercise would alter the FM in horses. Each horse performed two rounds of testing undergoing both a graded exercise test (GXT) and a parallel standing control (SC) trial before (GXT1 and SC1) and after (GXT2 and SC2) 12 weeks of exercise training. Rectal faecal samples were taken 24 h before and after testing. Bacterial community analysis was done by sequencing the 16s rRNA (V3-V4) region via Illumina Miseq. The relative abundance of the genus Clostridium significantly decreased in SC1 (P<0.05), with a concurrent decrease in the Shannon diversity index at the species level (P<0.05). At both the genus and species levels the principle coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed significant separation when the samples collected before SC1 were compared to those collected after SC1 (P<0.05). Interestingly, we found that Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans, a bacteria found to be decreased in ulcerative colitis patients, and Treponema zioleckii, a bacteria found to degrade fructan in sheep rumen, were significantly decreased when the samples collected before SC1 were compared to those collected after SC1 (P<0.05). None of the changes observed in SC1 happened in SC2 (P>0.05). Our results indicate that very intense acute exercise does not alter the faecal microbiome of the Standardbred race horse and that 12 weeks of exercise training does not alter that response.
Strategies to Reduce Nursing Student Test Anxiety: A Literature Review
Authors: Quinn Brenna L. , Peters Anya
Published: March 2017

Background:

Nursing students are plagued by test anxiety. Chronic stress, heavy academic workloads, and rigorous progression standards are antecedents of test anxiety in nursing students. The purpose of this article is to identify helpful interventions to decrease test anxiety in prelicensure nursing students.

Method:

This systematic review was completed using the PRISMA (
P
referred
R
eporting
I
tems for
S
ystematic Reviews and
M
eta-
A
nalysis) guidelines. Four electronic databases were searched using the terms
nurs*
,
anxiety
,
test
,
NCLEX
,
strategies
, and
exam*
.

Results:

Seven articles were identified for inclusion in this review. Following analysis, two categories of test anxiety interventions for nursing students were identified: environmental adjustments and student behavior modifications.

Conclusion:

Faculty members should consider using the test anxiety reduction interventions described in this article. Priorities for future research include studying the effects of test anxiety reduction interventions on examination grades. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(3):145–151.]
Ex Vivo Study of Transepithelial Corneal Cross-linking
Authors: Cruzat Andrea , Shukla Anita N. , Arafat Samer N. , Alageel Saleh , Colon Clara , Chodosh James , Ciolino Joseph B.
Published: March 2017

PURPOSE:

To perform in vitro assessment of different techniques of transepithelial corneal cross-linking (CXL) and to compare the results to deepithelialized CXL.

METHODS:

Transepithelial CXL was performed after pre-treatment with or without penetration enhancers (gum cellulose, 0.44% sodium chloride, and 0.01% benzalkonium chloride) for 15 or 60 minutes. Deepithelialized corneas underwent CXL after pretreatment with riboflavin for 15 minutes, according to the Dresden protocol. All corneas were incubated in 0.3% collagenase A solution and the time to total dissolution was measured. Corneas were also imaged with confocal microscopy to evaluate the corneal epithelium, subbasal nerve plexus, and depth of stromal keratocyte nuclei as a means of measuring the depth of collagen CXL.

RESULTS:

Deepithelialized CXL corneas with 15 minutes of pretreatment dissolved after 15.4 ± 3.1 hours, significantly longer (
P
= .001) than deepithelialized untreated corneas (8.5 ± 0.6 hours). Transepithelial CXL corneas with 15 minutes of pretreatment with or without penetration enhancers dissolved after 8.3 ± 2.1 and 7.4 ± 1.6 hours, respectively. A longer pretreatment of 60 minutes with penetration enhancers resulted in greater resistance to degradation of the transepithelial CXL corneas (14.6 ± 2.2 hours), which was similar to deepithelialized CXL corneas. The results of the biological assay correlated well with the imaging results obtained by confocal microscopy.

CONCLUSIONS:

Corneas treated by transepithelial CXL with an extended pretreatment time of 60 minutes and penetration enhancers exhibited similar characteristics as corneas treated by the deepithelialized CXL approach. By confocal imaging, the transepithelial approach with extended pretreatment time demonstrated evidence of epithelial damage, which may have improved the treatment effect of this group.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2017;33(3):171–177.]