bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visualization and Geo-Mapping of Philippine Fire Incidents
Authors: Oñate Joseph Jessie
Published: May 2022

A fire incident is one of the most catastrophic calamity bringing injuries, loss of properties, and casualties. In the Philippines, a rapid increase in fire incidents was recorded from 2013 to 2016. In this paper, we explore the importance of data visualization and analysis in extracting useful information that might help in planning and decision-making. This study used the 2012–2016 Philippine Nationwide Fire Incident Statistics data provided by the Bureau of Fire Protection through Open Data Philippines. Data cleaning and reprocessing were conducted to develop a dynamic system known as FireStatPH using Flask. Different data visualization techniques such as choropleth map were also used in the study to represent each dataset. FireStatPH can easily identify the cities and municipalities with high fire incidents, injuries, deaths, and damages. It also provides fast statistics based on fire incident data. The system contributes to the planning and decision-making process in eschewing fire incidents in the Philippines.
Appellative Names: Nanuŋ Towns in Context
Authors: Rashid Mohammed Abubakari , Alhassan Ibrahim
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we focus on studying the appellative names of some towns in Nanuŋ and how these appellative names came into existence so as to uncover the important historical information, such as settlement history, folklore and social conditions about these places. Town names (toponyms) have attracted a lot of scholarly attention. However, appellative names, Nanuŋ appellative town names for that matter is yet to catch the eyes of scholars. No study has been sighted in relation to this study and thus triggers the study. Nanuŋ appellative town names are not haphazardly labeled, but sociocultural driven with sociocultural functions and meanings. Therefore, analysis is done with Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory. We established that numerous appellative town names of Nanuŋ reveal the culture of Nanuni speakers over many thousands of years. Many of these place names are complex and their meanings can only be explained by tracing the formative history and not the phonological, orthographic or morphological underpinnings. The researchers also established that, the processes of appellatively naming new places varies: contracted proverbial name, role of the place in the kingdom, expected behaviour of the skin occupant, socioeconomic activities, surrounding feature or place descriptive name, names after an earth-spirit/god and contextual obscure and opaque are the variations in the naming process. It is also evident that, the appellative town names of Nanuŋ are metaphorically constructed. However, these names have connections with the identity of the community members, since they taboo certain animals believed to be the gods of which these places are named after. The researchers employed purposive random sampling in the selection of the towns. However, snowballing technique was also employed to select the participants for primary data through interviews which were recorded with audio recorder and notepad.
Do Fuel Treatments in U.S. National Forests Reduce Wildfire Suppression Costs and Property Damage?
Authors: Sánchez José J. , Loomis John , González-Cabán Armando , Rideout Douglas , Reich Robin
Published: May 2022

This article tests two hypotheses on whether forest fuel reduction treatments (prescribed burning and mechanical methods) reduce wildfire suppression costs and property damages. Data were collected on fuel treatments, fire suppression costs, and property damage associated with wildfires in United States National Forests over a five-year period throughout the continental United States. The continental U.S. pooled data model results show that overall, prescribed burning reduces suppression cost and both fuel treatment types reduce property damages. Further analysis was done to separate the data into seven geographic regions of the United States. Results of the multiple regressions show that in California and the northern Rockies, mechanical fuel treatments reduce wildfire suppression costs, while only in California did prescribed burning reduce the cost. The second hypothesis tested is that fuel treatments, by making wildfires less damaging and easier to control, may reduce property damage. This hypothesis is generally confirmed for hectares treated with prescribed burning in four out of five geographic regions that had a significant coefficient on prescribed fire. Mechanical fuel reduction had a significant effect in reducing property damage in two of the three regions.
Assessing the Knowledge of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Using Oral Anticoagulants Medications
Authors: Abdul-Hameed Alaa Kadhim , Abd Rajaa Ibrahim , Handel Ammar Salman
Published: May 2022

Aims: To evaluate patients’ knowledge about atrial fibrillation (AF) and anticoagulants as well as to find out a relationship between the level of patients’ knowledge and sociodemographic variables. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on patients with atrial fibrillation aged more than 18 years. The study started on October 13th, 2021, to April 25th, 2022. The sample consists of 90 AF patients on oral anticoagulants who were admitted at Al-Nasiriya Heart Center in Thi-Qar City. Jessa Atrial Fibrillation Knowledge Questionnaire (JAKQ) was used for the collection of data after getting written approval from its author. Results: Only 6 out of 90 patients had good knowledge of AF, with a significant relationship between the level of patients’ knowledge and their socio-demographic characteristics such as age, level of education, and occupation. Conclusion: 62.2% of patients exhibited poor knowledge about AF. Patients who were aged less than 30, those with high education, and those who were employers demonstrated improved knowledge than other patients. Keywords: Knowledge, Atrial Fibrillation, Anticoagulants.
Morphometry of Human Trachea in Male and Female using Computerized Tomography- A Comparative Study
Authors: Zardari Asad Ali , Shaikh Pashmina , Bano Umbreen , Sahito Mujeeb ur Rehman , Zardari Noor ul Ain , Qureshi Shagufta Shaheen
Published: May 2022

Background: The architecture of the trachea can help doctors choose the right size of the endotracheal tube for patients. Non-invasive procedures like cadaveric dissection (CD) and Computed Tomography (CT) scans can also be used in the investigation. Objective: to describe the morphometry of a normal human trachea on CT scans and compare it to data from other studies Methodology: The normal CT scan pictures of 110 patients (69 males and 41 females) were analyzed in this prospective investigation. A 64-slice CT scanner was used to do chest CT scans. DICOM, a program for digital imaging and communication in medicine, was used to collect the data. For each parameter, the research population's lowest and maximum values were established. The correlation between all research variables and height and weight was determined using Pearson's correlation method. Height and weight were used as predictors in a regression analysis of substantially correlated factors. Results: In males, the AP and transverse diameters were substantially linked with height. The diameter of the AP and the CSA were found to be substantially linked with weight. A-P diameter, cross-sectional area, and volume were shown to be poorly predicted by weight. Weak predictors of length and transverse diameter were found to be height. In females, there was no association between height or weight with any of the research parameters. It was discovered that neither body mass index (BMI) nor height (or weight) could predict the dependent variables. Conclusion: The data might be valuable in the setup and design of tracheostomy tubes and endotracheal tubes in the future. Keywords: Trachea, diameters, Cross-sectional area, Volume, Computerized tomography.
To Assess the Relation between Fingerprint Patterns and Blood Groups
Authors: Sahito Mujeeb ur Rehman , Bano Umbreen , Zardari Noor ul Ain , Zardari Asad Ali , Qureshi Shagufta Shaheen , Palli Asadullah Yousfani
Published: May 2022

Introduction: One of the greatest ways to identify a person is through their unique fingerprint pattern. They were already in place during the fetal stage and will never alter course or alignment over an individual's lifetime. The ABO and Rh blood types are being explored for the present inquiry, among other patterns of blood grouping. This study included a theoretical effort to link fingerprint patterns to gender and blood grouping. Objectives: It is necessary to examine the fingerprint patterns of people who have certain ABO and Rh blood types to discover Finding any correlation between ABO and Rh blood classes and finger-print patterns Materials and Methods: This study, conducted at the Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women Shaheed Benazir Abad, Sindh Pakistan, featured around 200 MBBS and BDS students with various blood types. Loops, whorls, and arches were the three types of fingerprints that were got from all the fingers. Results: Following the 'whorling' and 'arches' patterns, the 'loop' pattern was the most common. People with an 'O positive' blood type had the highest number of 'loop' varieties. Conclusion: It was shown that fingerprint morphology and blood type were linked in an existing investigation. Several interesting correlations between blood type distribution patterns and the distribution of human fingerprints were discovered.
Frequency of New Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients Suffering from Hepatitis C Virus Infection Related Cirrhosis Exposed to Direct Acting Antiviral-based Therapy
Authors: Amjad Ibtesaam , Mushtaq Junaid , Altaf Kanza , Subhani Ahmed Zaka , Toor Israr-Ul-Haque , Tayyab Ghias-Un-Nabi
Published: May 2022

Objective: To find the frequency of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C virus infection patients on dual antiviral therapy. Design of the study: Cross sectional study Settings: Department of Medicine/Division of Gastroenterology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. Duration: 6 months Sample Size: Sample size of 220 cases was calculated with 95% confidence level and 3.5% margin of error by taking percentage of HCC i.e. 7% in HCV patients on direct acting antiviral-based therapy. Data was analyzed with IBM-SPSS version 21. Results: In our study the mean age was 37.75±12.08 years. The mean value of duration of HCV therapy of the patients was 8.59±4.023 months. In this study the HCC was noted in 12(5.45%) patients. Conclusion: The frequency of HCC in patients with HCV infection patients on direct acting antiviral-based therapy is 5.45%. Keywords: Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Hepatitis C virus, Antiviral Therapy
Efficacy of Immediate Post-Partum Intrauterine Contraceptive Device in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Rashid Shaista , Iqbal Asma , Naseeb Shazia
Published: May 2022

Objective: To determine efficacy of post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) in women presenting to a tertiary hospital.To compare efficacy of post-partum Intrauterine device between vaginal Insertion and Intra-Cesarean Insertion. Material and Method: A Prospective, cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit III, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi from Jan2020 to June, 2020. Total 234 patients were included in this study. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study after taking Informed consent. Copper containing IUCD was inserted. Follow up was done at 6weeks and six months of delivery. All women were counseled to report missing threads, heavy vaginal bleeding, and vaginal discharge with pain in abdomen on each visit during follow-up. Abdominal, speculum and vaginal examinations was done. Efficacy was determined by the expulsion rate. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS Version 20. Results: Out of total insertions 103(44.01%) were intra caesarean and 131 (55.98%) IUCDs were placed after vaginal delivery. Symptoms of unusual vaginal discharge were reported by 28(11.9%) women, missing thread were reported by 67(28.5%), abdominal pain was reported by 92(39.2%) and heavy bleeding was reported by 44(18.8%) patients at follow-up. efficacy of vaginal insertion was 79(60.30%) and intra-cesarean insertion of PPIUCD was 65(63.10%). Conclusion: It can be concluded that PPIUCD in the field of postpartum family planning is a promising approach. Whatever may be the mode of delivery, PPIUCD is safe and effective. Keywords: Efficacy, Vaginal Insertion, Post-Partum Intrauterine Contraceptive Device, missing threads
Impaired Mobility in Intellectually Disabled Patients: A Single-Centre Study from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alvi Tabassum
Published: May 2022

Background: People with impaired mobility have higher rates of morbidity, disability, and mortality. Patients with impaired mobility as well as having intellectual disabilities can face more challenges in compensating for a mobility limitation. In KSA, individuals with disabilities constitute 7.1% of the total population. The objectives of our study were to find out (1) The prevalence of impaired mobility among ID patients (2) The association between gender and age of ID patients with impaired mobility (3) The association between ID and impaired mobility in the study population. Methodology: A Cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 147 patients admitted with intellectual disability in Rehabilitation Center Majmaah, Saudi Arabia. Data was collected using pre-designed research tools from the clinical records regarding the level of disability and impairment in mobility. All the data was entered in the SPSS software 23 and statistical analysis was done. A 95% degree of freedom with a p-value of<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 147 patients, 102 (69.38%) patients had impaired mobility. Out of 102 patients, 24(23.07%) patients had mild difficulty,16(15.68%) patients could walk with support and 62 (60.78%) patients were completely bedridden. More than half, about 63(61.76%) were males and 39 (38.23%) were females. Most of them were in an age range of 11yeras to 40 years. A statistically significant association was found between age and impaired mobility for patients who were mobile with support(p=0.05) and those who were completely bedridden (p=0.044) respectively. A significant association was also found between the impairment in mobility and the severity of ID (p<0.001). Conclusion: There was a male preponderance (almost twofold at all levels of mobility limitation) in ID patients in our study population. About two-thirds of the patients with impaired mobility were bed-ridden. All patients with profound ID and about one-third of patients (30%) with severe ID were bedridden. Keywords: Mobility, Intellectual disability, Rehabilitation, Saudi Arabia
A Comparative Study of ECG and Blood Pressure among Smokers and Non-Smokers
Authors: Bhatti Kanwal Abbas , Siyal Noor Nabi , Memon Altaf Hussain , Phull Ghulam Muhammad , Hassan Hanozia , Abro Mukhtiar Ahmed
Published: May 2022

Background: Smoking is one of the most significant risk factors for a wide range of illnesses, including lung and heart disease, cancer, and many others. There are currently 1.2 billion smokers around the globe, and that figure is expected to climb by 1.6 billion by the year 2020. Tobacco use kills about 3.5 to 4 million people worldwide every year, and this number is expected to rise to 10 million by 2020. Mostly, the acute consequences of smoking are well-documented. These contain an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, as well as a decrease in cardiac output and vasoconstriction. Smoking is the subject of the current investigation. Smokers vs non-smokers on ECG and blood pressure. Objectives: To examine the differences in blood pressure between people who smoke and those who don't and to examine the differences in ECG waveforms between smokers and nonsmokers Methods: May 2020 through April 2021 was when the research was carried out at PUMHS, There were fifty smokers and fifty non-smokers aged 20 to 35 years old in each group. After a thorough description of the study's goals and objectives, only those individuals who agreed to take part were included. Participants who met certain criteria were discarded. Blood pressure (sitting position) and an electrocardiogram (supine posture) were got while the individuals were in a resting condition. Results: The research had 100 participants, 50 of them were smokers and the other 50 were non-smokers. Nonsmokers and smokers had similar age distributions, and the disparity was not statistically significant (p-value- 0.97). In Lead III, 54% had an inverted wave compared to 40% normal and this difference found to be statistically significant, i.e. highest percentage of flat and inverted waves found in smokers. The difference in presence of abnormal waves among smokers and non-smokers in Lead V1 to V4 was found to be statistically significant. When a comparison of vitals and ECG between smokers based on pack-years (1- 3 pack-year, 4-6pack year, and 7-9pack year) was done there was no statistical significance attributed to various other parameters like pulse, heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic BP, diastolic BP, P wave amplitude, P wave duration, PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, and QRS axis, except QTc. Conclusion: Researchers found that in smokers, there were a variety of ECG alterations and an increase in blood pressure despite the lack of any heart disease. Keywords: Smokers; Non-smokers; Blood Pressure; ECG.
Lumbar Vertebral Body and Disc Morphometry in Punjab
Authors: Irshad Faiza , Saeed Haroon , Ahmed Sarfraz , Ashraf Amir Hussain , Akram Muhammad Nauman , Abdullah Muhammad Saad , Nishat Mufassar , Khan Muhammad Afzal
Published: May 2022

Background and objective: Low back pain is common in the elderly due to adaptive changes to stress and osteoporosis of the lumbar spine. Skeletal geometry varies in different population groups. Objective of this study was to record reference values of morphometric data of lumbar spine in normal adult male and female subjects of Punjab. Study design: Cross-sectional population study Material and methods: Anterior and central height and concavity index for each vertebra were measured and calculated from radiographs. Anterior and posterior height and anteroposterior diameter were measured for each disc and wedge index was calculated. Results: All parameters were significantly larger in the males as compared to the females. Significant difference was found in the anterior height of the intervertebral discs at L1-2 to L4-5 while it was insignificant at L5-S1. Posterior height of discs was significantly larger in the male group at L1-2 to L3-4. Wedge index (WI) for discs was relatively larger in the female group. Conclusion: The study has provided some reference values of measurements of lumbar spine in adult male and female population of Punjab which may be valuable for better assessments of morphological changes by the clinician and for further research in this area. Keywords: Lumbar vertebrae, intervertebral disc, morphometry, concavity index, wedge index, lumbar spine
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Drugs Among Pregnant Women in Sudan
Authors: Azhari Haj Elamin. E. , Hamza Siddiqa M. A. , R.R, Mohammed. , Omer H. E. , Iman A. M. , Tabein Entesar Mohammed Abdulla , Idris Hadeil M. E.
Published: May 2022

Background: Pregnant women with heart disease present multiple medical dilemmas. Pregnancy-related physiological changes impair the heart's ability to respond to pathological processes such as hypertension and heart failure. Aim: The current study's aim is to elicit data on cardiovascular medication use during pregnancy. Methods: This is a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional, hospital-based study, carried out in Military Hospitals and Khartoum Teaching Hospital, in Sudan. A data collection form was utilized to gather information from 650 patient files of pregnant women. Results: 650 subjects met the study criteria; 7% of women (N=46) were dispensed cardiovascular medications, the consumption being significantly higher in the third trimester (7-9 months) in 78.26% (p<0.05). The most common cardiovascular drugs dispensed were Methyldopa (N=26, 4.0%), Heparin (N=9, 1.3%), Nifedipine (N=7, 1.0%), Hydralazine (N=2, 0.3%) and Diazepam (N=2, 0.3%). Methyldopa is the commonest in the all trimesters - first (1-3 months) (N=2, 0.3%), second (4-6 months) (N=4, 0.6%) and third (7-9 months) (N=20, 3.0%). Nifedipine and Diazepam were used only in the third trimester. Conclusions: There are many clinical situations requiring cardiovascular medications in pregnancy. Thus, it is necessary to conduct frequent health educational programs educating pregnant women about the risk factors for pregnancy-induced cardiovascular disease, and proper use of medication. Keywords: Pregnant Women, Cardiovascular Medications, Hypertension, Methyldopa
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of new Ibuprofen Derivatives
Authors: Jabber Mohammed Muhsin , Hadi mohammed k.
Published: May 2022

A new series of ibuprofen derivatives were synthesized and tested against the microbial activity. P_amino ethyl benzoate (compound I) was prepared, then coupled with ibuprofen acyl chloride (compound II) to give ethyl 4-(2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propanamido) benzoate (compounds III). Hydrazine hydrate 99% was added to compound III to synthesized N-(4-(hydrazinecarbonyl) phenyl)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propenamide (compound IV). Finally compound IV coupled with different aldehydes (1. Benzaldehyde (Va) 2. Salicylaldehyde (Vb) 3. 4_hydroxybenzaldehyde (Vc) 4. Vanillin (Vd) respectively to form target compounds. Identifications and characterization of these compounds were done by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and 1 HNMR analyses. The antimicrobial results showed that compounds (Va has low activity, Vd has high active, Vb and Vd has the moderate activity) against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) at concentration 500 µg/mL. Vd was the only compound that has antifungal activity against Candida ablicans compared to fluconazole. Keywords: Anti-microbial activity, Ibuprofen, Hydrazine hydrate, Schiff base, Aldehyde.
Synthesis, Cytotoxicity Evaluation and Molecular Docking Simulation of Some New 4-(3H)-Quinazolinone -Thiadiazole Hybrids as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Oleiwi Mohammed Abdulameer , Zalzala Munaf H. , Mohammed Mohammed Hassan
Published: May 2022

A new series of quinazolinone compounds (I–IV) incorporating 1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety were synthesized .The compounds were characterized by ATR-FTIR,1HNMR and 13CNMR. Their in vitro antitumor efficacy was evaluated against two cancer cell lines, a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), and lung cancer cell line (A549) using MTT assay .Methotrexate (MTX) was used as a positive control. In order to evaluate the selectivity of the tested compounds toward cancer cells, they were tested also against the normal cells using epithelial cells derived from normal human fibroblast (NHF). All the tested compounds showed less toxicity against (NHF) cell lines compared with cancer cell lines. Among the tested compounds, compound I showed the most potent antitumor activity against MCF-7cell lines (IC50:7.832 µM), the comparative IC50 value for methotrexate on these cell lines was (27.325 µM). All compounds exhibited higher antitumor activity against A549 cell lines than methotrexate, the most potent among them was compound III (IC50:6.669µM). The binding pattern of the designed compounds with their target protein ( EGFR kinase) were studied by molecular docking study using GOLD software. Keywords: 4(3H)-quinazolinone, EGFR, MCF-7, Molecular docking.
Relationship Investigation of the Effect of Multi-Directional Leadership Origins on Social Intelligence
Authors: Sargin Kemal , Güleşce Mesut
Published: May 2022

Background: The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between the multidimensional leadership orientations of individuals working in the Ministry of Youth and Sports and social intelligence. Aim:. Could there be a difference between different variables in the relationship between the multi-faceted leadership orientations and social intelligence levels of individuals working in the Ministry of Youth and Sports? Methods: Research method was used in our study. It was made with a descriptive scanning model. The universe of the study consists of sports managers who have worked and are working in the Ministries of Youth and Sports throughout Turkey. The sample of the research was the voluntary participation in the online survey, which was sent by e-mail to 507 people working in the sports management service at the Ministries of Youth and Sports. "Tromso Social Intelligence Scale", which he adapted to1 "Multidimensional Leadership Orientations Scale" was used. SPSS 25. Program was used in the analysis of the data. Results: According to the statistical results of the data obtained, there was a significant difference between the variables of age, working year and education level, and at the same time, there was a positive relationship between age, working year, education level, intelligence and leadership. Conclusion: Leadership orientation and social intelligence level increase with age. In addition, it is believed that the level of leadership and social intelligence increases as the education level increases. Keywords:Multiple intelligences, leadership, sports
The Effect of Aerobic Exercises on Skill Behaviour of Autestic Children
Authors: Yamaner Yusuf Burak , Demirli Abdullah , Moghanlou Abdorreza Eghbal , Gökçelik Eda
Published: May 2022

The main reason of this research was to find the effect of twelve weeks of Aerobic exercises on skill behaviors of autistic children. The present study was a quasi-experimental research which was conducted as a pre-test and post-test. Participants of the present study included 30 voluntarily children with autism symptoms (8-10 yrs old) of Bartin city. They were randomly divided in two groups of 15 experimental and control groups. Before completing the exercises, Gars questionnaire was completed by parents. The experimental group performed Aerobic exercises under the supervision of an instructor and a psychologist for three sessions of 45 minutes a week for 3 months. At the end, both experimental and control groups were measured and parents completed the Gars questionnaire once again. For analysis of data SPSS 22 software was used at p≥0.05. Analysis of variance in repeated measures test was taken to find data. The results showed that twelve weeks of Aerobic exercises has a significant effect on the coordination and agility of autistic children. Keywords: Aerobic, skillful behaviors, coordination, agility
Diagnostic Accuracy of Serum Creatine Kinase Muscle Brain Fraction and Lactate Dehydrogenase for Detection of Perinatal Asphyxia in Term Neonates
Authors: Asif Aleena , Cheema Zunera Riaz , Tahir Farah Naz , Zaib Nazia , Shoukat Muhammad Umair
Published: May 2022

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of serum creatine kinase muscle brain fraction and lactate dehydrogenase for detection of perinatal asphyxia in term neonates using clinical findings as Gold standard Design of the Study: Cross sectional study Study Settings: The study was conducted at Pediatric Department, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from June 2021 to December 2021. Material and Methods: Demographic information (name, age (in hours), gender, birth weight, and gestational age) was gathered. Under aseptic conditions, blood was taken with a 3cc BD syringe. For CK-MB and LDH testing, samples were sent to the pathology laboratory at the hospital. Two millilitres of clotted blood were tested using reagent kits and auto analyzers. Patients were classified as either positive or negative (according to the operational definition) based on the results of the evaluations of their reports. Results of the Study: In our study, age distribution shows that 63.33%(n=152) were upto 6 hours and 36.67%(n=88) had >6 hours, mean+sd was calculated as 5.60+1.79 hours, 39.17%(n=94) were male and 60.83%(n=146) were females. The diagnostic accuracy of Serum Creatine kinase muscle brain fraction for detection of perinatal asphyxia in term neonates using clinical findings as gold standard was recorded as 93.59% sensitivity, 66.67% specificity, 99.10% positive predictive value, 21.05% negative predictive value and 92.92% accuracy rate. Conclusion: For detecting prenatal asphyxia in term infants, the diagnostic accuracy of serum creatine kinase muscle brain fraction and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is useful, however LDH is more accurate than serum creatine kinase muscle brain fraction Keywords: Perinatal asphyxia, detection, diagnostic accuracy
Sociodemographic Factors and Frequency of Dental Clinic Visits Associated with Oral Health Literacy in the Early Adolescence
Authors: Khan Shariq Ali , Jabeen Sahrish , Fayyaz Fariha , Abdullah Muhammad , Tuasene Adeel , Akram Muhammad Adnan
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study is to evaluate the associations between oral health literacy and selected sociodemographic factors and frequency of dental clinic visits in early adolescents. Methodology: A cross sectional study has been conducted for the duration of six Months from April 2021 to September 2021. Students attending four universities of Lahore were selected as a target population for the study. Two universities were selected from government sector i.e. Forman Christian college (FC) and Punjab university (PU). Two universities were chosen from private sector i.e. Superior University and University of Lahore (UoL) for this purpose. A total of 400 students belonging to different departments participated in the study that were clinically examined and interviewed. The students belonged to the different departments of the under- survey universities. To measure oral health literacy REALD-30 was used as a tool. The validity of the tool is checked by Cronbach’s alpha (0.89). The variables were investigated using validated questionnaires: oral health literary (REALD-30), sociodemographic characteristics and frequency of dental visits. Result: The results summed up that REALD-30 score came out differently for those who visit dental clinics regularly (p-value 0.029) and those who don’t which show that the dentist visits have a significant effect on REALD-30 score. The department factor has a significant effect on REALD-30 score, as the department of students varies, the REALD-30 score differs. The F- statistics and the p-value are calculated and their significance is checked, that F=5.357 and the p-value is (.000<0.05), that strongly support that the department factor has a significant effect on the REALD-30 score. Gender discrimination and age variation did not show any effects on REALD-30 score (p-value 0.1) Keywords: Dental Health, Oral Health Literacy, Public Health, Early adolescence
ADHFE1 and C-MYC Association and Over-Expression in Different Stages of Human Breast Cancer Tissues
Authors: Sadiq Sarah , Asim Umara , Arshad Naseem , Javed Ambreen , Sadiq Rabia , Hamid Rabia , Sadiq Ambreen
Published: May 2022

Chief enantiomer in breast tumors is D-2HG. Mitochondrial Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADHFE I ) produces D-2HG. lt is the CA breast oncogene which leads to decreased patient survival. c-MYC can upregulate ADHFE I by changes in iron metabolism whereas co expression of c-MYC and ADHFE I greatly augment ort hotopic growth of tumor in MCF7 cells. Aims: To determine the expression levels and localization of c-M yc and ADHFE I in different stages of breast cancer tissue. Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative study. Methodology: Present study was conducted to enhance knowledge of c-Myc function in breast cancer by examination of relation between nuclear c-Myc and iron containing ADHFE I enz yme protein expression, using immunohist cichemistry. All this information was recorded on performa. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, was employed to observe mean difference between groups. Results: Nuclear c-Myc and cytoplasmic ADHFE I levels were significantly higher than controls and were positively correlated with each other in advancing stages of breast cancer. Conclusion: It was concluded that the association between the expression levels of c-Myc oncogene and ADHFE-1 enzyme existed in all advancing stages of CA Breast and the expression of both increased as the breast cancer advanced. Keywords: Breast cancer, c-Myc, ADHFE-I and Immunohistochemistry.
Role of Machine Learning in Short-Listing Future Suicidal Candidates
Authors: Sadia Summyia , Tariq Fariha , Zarif Pervaiz , Naheed Kishwar , Rafiq Abid , Faisal Hafiz Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Suicide is an important issue to address, especially in rural areas. Rural areas are facing unique challenges such as poor health care facilities, lack of awareness, financial constraints and many more for such matters. Aims: To find the social, educational and medical attributes which may lead a person to deliberate self harm. Study Design: Retrospective study. Methodology: Total 100 cases of suicidal attempts taken from DHQ teaching hospital Sargodha from (June to December) 2019. We considered all the suicidal and self harm cases admitted through emergency and medicolegal clinic. Moreover cases less than 9 years of age and autopsy cases were excluded. All the cases were analysed with reference to 10 features (age, gender, locality, education, marital status, duration of stay in hospital, treatment given, prevalence of psychiatric disorder, suicidal attempts, the method used for suicidal attempt). Statistical analysis: ML models work on numeric data. However the dataset we collected have categorical features except age. The most used method for such purpose is python get dummies function. The get dummies() function is used to convert categorical variable into dummy/indicator variables. Results: In this study, more preponderance of suicidal attempts at age less than 40 in males which shows the development of more mature attitude with increasing age. Conclusion: It was concluded that suicide is influenced by many personal factors that cannot be shared publicly on social platforms. However, such information can be used to lower the risk of suicide attempts in rural areas. Keywords: Machine Learning, Suicide Prevention, Suicide Detection and Ideation.
Frequency of Fatty Liver Changes on Ultrasound Abdomen in Non Diabetic Young Patients Having Chronic Right Hypochondrium Pain
Authors: Gardezi Syed Anees Ahmed , Niazi Najmusaqib Khan , Tirmizi Syed Haider , Rafique Iffat , Sadiq Rabia , Rehman Muneeb Ur , Laique Talha
Published: May 2022

With a prevalence of around 20 – 30% in world population, Fatty liver is becoming the most commonly occurring ailment. Aims: To check the frequency of fatty liver changes on ultrasound abdomen in non diabetic young patients presenting with chronic right hypochondrium pain of more than two weeks duration. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methodology: Patients (n=375) with an age range of 18 to 50 years presenting to the OPD with complaint of chronic right hypochondrium pain of more than 2 weeks duration were included into the study. Demographic details, Total serum cholesterol mg/dl, triglycerides and LFTs (ALT, AST U/L) were recorded. Patients were sent for ultrasound abdomen for confirmatory diagnosis and findings trained were recorded. All this information was recorded on Performa. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results were presented as frequency and percentage. Age was presented as mean± SD. Results: Out of total 375 patients 175 (45.6%) were male and 200 (52.1%) were female. Mean age of the patients was 32.65 ± 6.94 years. 56.5% (n=217) had fatty liver changes on ultrasound. 143 (65.8%) patients had grade I fatty changes, 58 (26.7%) had grade II and 16 (7.4%) had grade III liver disease. Conclusion: It was concluded that frequency of fatty liver changes detected on ultrasound was high in non diabetic young patients. Liver enzymes (especially ALT) showed an increasing trend as the disease severity increased on ultrasound. Keywords: LFTs, Chronic, Fatty Liver, Grading and Ultrasound.
Association of Infertility with Quality of Life among Infertile Married Couples
Authors: Chaudhary Sadia , Aslam Fatima , Jawad Unaiza , Rabbani Muhammad Waqas , Mahmud Syed Ahmed , Jawaid Hina , Rabbani Saqib , Latif Waqas
Published: May 2022

Infertility is believed very difficult and sensitive issue for wedded couples, particularly those who have passed several years of married life. Infertile married couples could experience mental distress and also suffer from impaired health-related QoL. Aims: To assess the association of infertility with quality of life among married couples. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methodology: Present study enrolled 140 couples who were actively trying for conception for 3 years visiting Hameed Latif Hospital Lahore were included. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. Informed written consent was taken from all the participants. The overall mean score of quality of life measured by WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Statistical analysis: To check the correlation of infertility with quality of life, Spearman’s/ Pearson correlation was used. The P value of < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Out of 140 couples, mean age was 31.6±3.0 years. The mean age of female participants was 30.1 ± 2.8 and the mean age of male participants was 33.1 ± 2.4. The overall mean score of quality of life measured by WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was 98.2 ± 11.5. The mean score of quality of life of male participants was 98.5 ± 11.5 and mean score of quality of life of female participants was 98.0 ± 11.6. Conclusion: It was concluded that quality of life of majority of the couples was not affected due to infertility. Keywords: Infertility, Quality Of Life, Physical Health, Psychological Health and Social Relationship.
An Autopsy Study of Cases of Death Due to Poisoning
Authors: Rasheed Aisha , Butt Usman Shahid , Farid Noreen , Aziz Ijaz , Anwar Hafiza Naima , Makhdoom Perwaiz Ahmed
Published: May 2022

Objective: To describe the socio-demographic profile of deaths due to poisoning and to assess frequency of poisoning deaths, among the autopsies Design of the Study: Descriptive cross sectional study. Study Settings: The study was conducted at Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro Sindh from January 2021 to December 2021. Material and Methods: The present study was carried out in the Department of Forensic Medicine from. During this period, 313 autopsies were conducted, out of which, majority of cases were poisoning deaths. Among them 100 cases of Poisoning deaths were selected for the study based on purposive sampling and Chemical Analysis Report. Results of the Study: The most common poisons encountered in this study were OP compound (55 - 50%) and Phosphide ions (33 - 30%). Congestion (24 – 21.81%) and pulmonary edema (19 – 17.27%) was the most common findings in the lungs in cases of OP compound poisoning; whereas, pulmonary hemorrhage (12– 10.90%) and congestion (11– 10%) was the most common findings in the lungs in cases of Phosphide ion poisoning. Necrosis (16– 14.54%) and sinusoidal dilatation (14– 12.72%) was the most common findings in the liver in cases of OP compound poisoning; whereas, necrosis (21– 19.09%) and fatty change (09 – 8.18%) were the most common findings in the liver in cases of Phosphide ion poisoning. Conclusion: The most common form of poison taken by this research cases is organophosphorus pesticides. Males are more likely to be poisoned than females. In both rural and urban communities, married people outnumbered single people. Based on the information provided by the police and families of the deceased, the suspected type of poison in the majority of the victims remained unclear prior to autopsy. Keywords: Poisoning, Autopsies, Forensic Medicine
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Medical Students Regarding Covid-19, Pakistan
Authors: Arif Sarah , Zia Tayyaba , Mustafa Ghulam , Qayyum Zohaib , Ateeq Muhammad , Faiz Mah Jabeen , Bangash Sudhair Abbas , Farid Anila , Muthanna Fares M , , Ullah Irfan
Published: May 2022

Background: As a result of the COVID-19 epidemic, many people's lives and livelihoods are at risk. All aspects of everyday life, including education, have been affected by the epidemic. Objective: As a result, we performed this cross-sectional study to learn more about how students from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa feel about COVID-19. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which respondents completed an online, self-administered form to get the information. Six questions deal with socio-demographics, fourteen ask about knowledge, seven ask about attitude, and eight ask about practice. Raosoft's sample size calculator was used to calculate the final sample size. Results: Five thousand participants, comprising 2250 (45%) men and 2,750 (55%) women from all across the nation, completed this poll. Analysis of the data was done using a chi-square test. Almost all of the students 4750 (95 percent) were aware that COVID-19 is caused by a virus and that it is a respiratory illness 4600 (92 percent). During the lockout, many students continued to see their family members 2,750 (55 percent), and their family members continued to visit them at home 2950 (59 percent). The students' answers to particular questions concerning the spread of the virus differed greatly. Although (p 0.01), women had more awareness about how to avoid illness transmission from patients who had been infected with the virus. Conclusion: In the wake of the COVID-19 epidemic, the vast majorities of college students were well-prepared, had a positive outlook, and were actively practicing their knowledge and skills. Aside from demographics and gender, the KAP scores also vary by family size. During times of crisis, it's critical to keep the public informed about the need to practice preventive practices. Keywords: knowledge, covid-19, attitude, students, practices, Khyber pakhtunkhuwa
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Covid-19 Mortality and its Impact on Social Life of Pakistani Population
Authors: Arif Sarah , Zia Tayyaba , Qayyum Zohaib , Mustafa Ghulam , Ateeq Muhammad , , Farhad Sadia , Bangash Sudhair Abbas , Farid Anila , Hafeez Somayia , Malik Farhat R , Muthanna Fares M
Published: May 2022

Background: Currently, the world is in a challenging situation due to Covid-19. The ministry of health in Pakistan reported the first case of Covid-19 on 26th February 2020 in Karachi whereas on the same day in Islamabad, the second case was confirmed in Pakistan. Objective: To assess the prevalence and risk factors of covid-19 mortality and its impact on social life of Pakistani population Methodology: This retrospective study was carried out at the Department of Pathology, Gomal Medical College, Medical Teaching Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan for a period of ten months from March 2021 to December 2021. All the data was taken from the hospital record to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with the mortality of covid-19. For determining the influence of covid-19 on the social life, online survey was conducted. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 24. Results: In the current study, the overall prevalence of covid-19 was 6%. The most common risk factors associated with the covid-19 was Diabetes mellitus in 25 (71.43%) subjects, hypertension in 22 (62.86%), ischemic heart disease in 16 (45.71%) while chronic liver disease was observed in 3 (8.57%) subjects. According to the survey, 420 (70%) participants thought that covid-19 will be controlled worldwide while 450 (75%) subjects thought that covid-19 will be controlled in Pakistan. Worry of contracting covid-19 even with protective measures was observed in 420 (70%) subjects. Conclusion: Our study reported that the prevalence of covid-19 was 6%. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and ischemic heart disease were the major associated risk factors with the mortality of covid-19 and the overall impact of covid-19 on social life of Pakistani population was not good according to our study. Keywords: Covid-19; Prevalence; Mortality; Social life
Comparison of Mean Weight, Length and Head Circumference in Preterm Neonates with Zinc Supplement Group Versus without Zinc Supplement Group
Authors: Cheema Zunera Riaz , Asif Aleena , Zaib Nazia , Iqbal Irsa , Jamil Sana , Zia Zia Ur Rehman
Published: May 2022

Objective: To compare mean weight, length and head circumference in preterm neonates with zinc supplement group versus without zinc supplement group. Design of the Study: Randomized controlled trial Study Settings: The study was carried out in the Pediatric Department of Lahore General Hospital Lahore from February 2021 to July 2021. Material and Methods: There were two groups of babies: one that received Zinc supplementation and one that did not (not treated with Zinc supplements). An electronic weighing scale was used to measure weight prior to intervention. Mothers were given two bottles of supplement containing zinc when their newborns were 7 to 21 days old, before being discharged from the hospital, and encouraged to feed their babies orally at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day with other multivitamins for six weeks (study group). For the same period of time, the participants in the control group were advised to take only multivitamins. Additionally, anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, and head circumference were taken. Results of the Study: In our study, mean age was calculated as 33.74+1.36 weeks in study and 33.64+1.38 weeks in control group, 54.76%(n=23) in study and 59.52%(n=25) in control group were male while 45.24%(n=19) in study and 40.48%(n=17) in control group were females Conclusion: Preterm neonates supplemented with zinc were significantly better than those without zinc supplementation with regards to mean weight, length and head circumference Keywords: Preterm neonates, zinc supplementation, birthweight, body length, head circumference
Factors Associated with the level of Knowledge about the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury in Health Personnel of a Hospital in Northern Peru
Authors: Vargas Anthony Mezones , Garrido Danai Valladares , Garrido Mario J. Valladares-
Published: May 2022

Objective: To identify the factors associated with the level of knowledge about the management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in health personnel of the emergency service of a hospital in northern Peru. Materials and methods: A prospective analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on physicians from the emergency service of Hospital Santa Rosa, Piura, using a validated instrument. The factors associated with the level of theoretical and practical knowledge about the management of head trauma were identified. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. P-values less than 0.05 were reported. Results: Of a total of 72 participants, it was found that 55.6% were male, 48.6% were specialist doctors, and 51.4% worked in the surgery emergency service. 61.1% (44) presented a high level of knowledge in theoretical and practical aspects while 38.9% (28) obtained a low level of knowledge. The factors positively associated with a higher frequency of theoretical-practical knowledge about TBI were having completed a master's degree or doctorate (PR=2.56), working in the Surgery service (PR=1.66), presenting previous training on TBI (PR=1.37), and manage more than 5 cases of TBI in the emergency during the last 2 weeks (PR=2.20). Conclusion: The level of knowledge in theoretical-practical aspects in TBI was high and this was associated with having a master's degree or doctorate, presenting previous training on TBI, working in the emergency medicine service and managing more than 10 cases of TBI in the emergency during the last 2 weeks. Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, doctors, Peru, knowledge, practices.