bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bireylerin Akılcı İlaç Kullanım Bilgi Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: MACİT Mustafa , KARAMAN Mesut , PARLAK Mesut
Published: October 2019

Tanımlayıcı nitelikteki bu araştırma Kahramanmaraş Göksun ilçesinde hastaların akılcı ilaç kullanım bilgi düzeylerini ve davranışlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.  Araştırmada T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı tarafından oluşturulan “Akılcı İlaç Kullanımı” ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya 173 katılımcı katkıda bulunmuşlardır. Veriler SPSS 21 paket programıyla analiz edilmiş ve sayı-yüzdelik hesaplama, ki-kare testlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Katılımcıların % 69,9’u erkek (n=121), % 30,1’i kadın (n=52) olup yaşlarının dağılımında ise %38,2 18-30 yaş arası, % 32,9’u 21-40 yaş arası %19,1’i 41-50 yaş arası ve %9,8’i 51-64 yaş arasıdır. Sonuç olarak erkek katılımcıların %49,2’sinin kadın katılımcıların ise %46,2’sinin reçete ile eczaneden ağrı kesici aldığı görülmüştür. Katılımcıların cinsiyetleri ile ağrı kesici temin etme durumları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Bireylerin %94,2’sinin daha önce kullanmış olduğu ilaç hakkında veya kronik rahatsızlığı varsa hekimi veya ilgili sağlık personelini bilgilendirirken, katılımcıların gelir seviyesi ve eğitim durumlarıyla bilgilendirme durumları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Çalışma sonunda katılımcıların akılcı ilaç kullanım bilgi düzeyleri yüksek olduğu ve bu bulgunun literatür ile uyumlu olduğu görülmüştür.
İsveç’te Göçmen Politikaları ve Entegrasyon
Authors: AKARÇAY Pınar
Published: October 2019

İsveç göçmen politikalarıyla kendini eşitlikçi, hoşgörülü ve insancıl bir konuma yerleştirmektedir. 2013 yılında göçmen karşıtı bir partinin yükselişe geçmesi ile sınır kontrollerinin sıkılaştırılması ve göçmen politikalarında göçmen kabulünü sınırlayacak düzenlemelerin teklif edilmesiyle her ne kadar bu konumdan kopmaya yönelik eğilim göstermiş olsa da, İsveç’in göçmenlere yaklaşımının diğer Avrupa ülkelerine göre daha esnek ve daha yapıcı olması dikkat çekicidir. Bu makalede, İsveç’in göçmen politikası ve bu politikaların göçmenler açısından ortaya koyduğu sonuçlar tartışılacaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda makale iki bölümden oluşacaktır. İlk bölümde İsveç’e göçmen akışı ve bu bağlamda ortaya konan göçmen politikaları incelenecektir. İkinci bölümde göçmenlerin uygulanan politikalar sonucu ortaya çıkan entegrasyon süreçleri ve bu süreçlerin ortaya çıkardığı sonuçlar değerlendirilecektir.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Kendini Gerçekleştirme Düzeyi ile Benlik Saygıları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ERZENLİ ALTUNBAYRAK Dilek , KAYA Ferda Şule
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışma üniversite öğrencilerinin kendilerini gerçekleştirme düzeyi ve benlik saygıları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Bu grubun lisans eğitimine devam edip etmemesi ile kendini gerçekleştirme ve benlik saygısı ilişkisinin önemli olduğu düşünülmüş ve konu sosyo-demografik değişkenler açısından da sorgulanmıştır. Bu çerçevede çalışmanın amacı; üniversitede meslek yüksekokulunda öğrenim gören öğrencilerinin benlik saygısı ile kendini gerçekleştirme değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu araştırmanın örneklemi 2016-2017 öğretim döneminde İstanbul’da 2 yıl eğitim veren bir vakıf meslek yüksekokulunda öğretimine devam eden, 18-26 yaş arasındaki, 76 kız ve 59 erkek öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Öğrenciler gönüllülük esasına göre seçilmiş ve anket çalışması yürütülmüştür. Verilerin analizinde ANOVA testi, t testi, Pearson korelasyon analizi, çoklu regresyon analizi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda genel anlamda kendini gerçekleştirme ve benlik saygısı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulanamamıştır. Fakat alt boyutlar açısından bakıldığında; kız öğrencilerin ve orta gelirli ailelere sahip öğrencilerin “kendini gerçekleştirme düzeyi” yüksek bulunmuştur. “Zamanı iyi kullanma”, “desteği içten alma”, “başkalarıyla yakınlık kurabilme”, “duyguları açıklama düzeyi”, “içten geldiği gibi davranabilme”, “kendini gerçekleştiren değerleri benimseme”, “saldırganlığın kabulü” alt boyut puanları açısından kız öğrenciler erkek öğrencilerden anlamlı derecede farklı bulunmuştur.
Streptavidin-CBD purification v1
Authors: De Las Casas Manuela
Published: October 2019

The aim of this protocol is to obtain the purified streptavidin with cellulose binding domains on both sides from the transformed bacteria E. coli. Later on, this protein will be attached to a membrane as part of the detection system. The obtention of the proteins starts at this point with transformed bacteria (E. coli). The previous steps to obtain the transformed bacteria and further steps to use the purified protein do not correspond to this protocol.
PCR v1
Authors: Armero Laura
Published: October 2019

Our aim with this protocol is to amplify DNA. This protocol has been optimized has a general amplification As the quantity of DNA is exponentially increased during the performance of the selection, further modification in the numbers of cycle will be needed to be implemented.
Cell-ELONA v1
Authors: Fernández Rodríguez Guillermo
Published: October 2019

ELONA (Enzyme-Linked Oligonucleotide Assay), is a biochemical method based on enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that allows to demonstrate that aptamers selected by SELEX can be effective and useful as biorecognition molecules and laboratory tools. The ELONA format choosed uses an anti-digoxigenin antibody to recognize an aptamer previously labelled with digoxigenin. This antibody is conjugated with a peroxidase enzyme, and once it adds ABTS solution, it will be responsible for the colourimetric reaction which will be detected. (We used 5 replicates per dilution)
Qualitative paper ELONA test v1
Authors: De Las Casas Manuela
Published: October 2019

The aim of this protocol is to test the best method that identifies the efficiency of the detection system that will be present in the strips. 3 methods are tested and compared. This is a dot blot performed with streptavidin and aptamers, also named paper ELONA. The expected result is a good binding between the streptavidin and the aptamers (knowing already that the streptavidin binds correctly to the nitrocellulose membrane thanks to previous experiments), great hybridization between both aptamers and a clear visible result when yielding with the ABTS. The method that works best from this assay will be then repeated in a quantitative experiment.
Plate cell – SELEX v1
Authors: Armero Laura , Troncone Clemente Claudia
Published: October 2019

Aptamers are short single-stranded oligonucleotide (DNA or RNA) molecules with the ability to bind to other molecules with high affinity and specificity. Nowadays, aptamers are used as biosensing molecules with broader applications, such as ribozymes (RNA enzyme molecules with catalytic activities); riboswitches (modulating translational activities) and ligands, recognizing specific target binding. Aptamers are folded, directed by their sequences, acquiring specific 3D conformations. This 3D conformation property has been widely applied in order to recognize cell structures. Aptamers evolve from random oligonucleotide pools by a process called Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment (SELEX). Conceptually, the SELEX process is controlled by the ability of these small oligonucleotides to fold into unique 3D structures that can interact with a specific target with high specificity and affinity [1]. This is a dynamic process, repeating exposures and elutions, allowing to screen in a heterogenic pool in low concentration ranges. A standard SELEX method has four major steps: 1.- Exposure of random sequence single stranded nucleotide oligo library to a target. 2.- Binding of oligos to the target molecule. 3.- Selection of binders and removal of non-binding oligos. 4.- Amplification of the binder fraction and portioning of the amplicon to single strand. These steps are iteratively performed till a pool of high binding aptamer is screened out from the library. The oligonucleotide library consists of a random base-sequence flanked on both ends by primer binding sites, which aids in amplification and enrichment (Safeh et al., 2010; Kim et al., 2013). Here is described how SELEX have been applied to develop aptamers, recognizing specific outer membrane structures, as LamB.
Magnetic Beads Cell Separation v1
Authors: Sánchez Laura
Published: October 2019

The aim of this protocol is to separate the aptamers that bind to the cells from the ones that don't. The cells used have a histidin tag that attaches to the beads' streptavidin tag. The beads will then pull the cells and the complex will precipitate. Since the aptamers have high specifity and affinity for particular sequences, those able to recognice the cells will bind to them, being part of the complex. The aptamers that don't recognice the cells, won't bind. This protocol enables to separate aptamers based on their affinity using the target cells. The magnetic beads from Promega have proven to be an efficient method to separate proteins. With this variation, we aimed to do a proof of concept and test if we could separate cells efficiently as well. Unfortunately, the method didn't work for us and we weren't able to achieve a good result. We still want to optimize this process, but the protocol that we already developed might help other scientists.
Lateral flow buildup v1
Authors: Fernandez Mendez Jorge
Published: October 2019

The following protocol describes how to build a half-strip simplified lateral flow sensor. Preparation of test strips, detection reagents immobilization and test development. The purpose of this protocol is testing the proper functioning of the analytical mechanism of a lateral flow assay design. The strips have been simplified for fitting in 96-plate wells. The system doesn't integrate microfluidics for simplification of the assay.
Quantitative paper ELONA v2
Authors: De Las Casas Manuela
Published: October 2019

The aim of this protocol is to check the efficiency of the detection system that will be present in the strips. Like the qualitative assay, this is a dot blot performed with streptavidin and aptamers, also named paper ELONA. The expected result is a good binding between the streptavidin and the aptamers (knowing already that the streptavidin binds correctly to the nitrocellulose membrane thanks to previous experiments), great hybridization between both aptamers and a clear visible result when yielding with the ABTS. In order to make this experiment quantitative, several concentrations are made from the same mix, to test the minimum concentration with a detectable change of color.
Microfluidic channels wax priming v1
Authors: Fernández Jorge , De Las Casas Manuela
Published: October 2019

Procedure for printing microfluidic hydrophobic channels in nitrocellulose membranes. This protocol depicts the steps for easily printing wax channels using plastic stamps and molten wax.
Structuralization and Incubation v1
Authors: Armero H Laura
Published: October 2019

The interaction between an aptamer and his target depends on the tertiary structure of the aptamer, to attempt to always have the same structure for all the rounds, we forced the aptamer population to achieve the most thermodynamic stable structure. Once all the sequences are structuralized, we can incubate the library with our target.
Latex beads migration assay test v1
Authors: Fernandez Mendez Jorge
Published: October 2019

The following protocol details how to test the migration of conjugated latex beads trough different nitrocellulose membranes.
Conhecimento etnobotânico de plantas medicinais por comercializadores da feira livre municipal de Santana do Ipanema- AL
Authors: Dantas Janilo Italo Melo , Santos Márcia Telma Lima dos , Torres Alicia Marques
Published: October 2019

A utilização de plantas medicinais, sempre foi uma das principais estratégias empregadas como fonte de cura ou alívio de doenças por vários indivíduos.  Com a grande utilização dessas plantas como fonte medicinal, a comercialização das mesmas, tornou-se prática comum em várias feiras livres de algumas populações locais, muitas das quais, desenvolvidas por comercializadores, vistos como detentores de um amplo conhecimento a respeito, que tem contribuído para o fornecimento de plantas medicinais para consumidores. Diante deste contexto, objetivou-se neste trabalho, identificar o conhecimento a respeito de plantas comercializadas como medicinais por parte de comercializadores da feira livre do município de Santana do Ipanema no estado de Alagoas. Para obtenção dos dados foram realizados entrevistas semiestruturadas utilizando a técnica Bola de neve, com alguns comercializadores da feira livre do município. Foi possível identificar um total de 11 espécies vegetais conhecidas e indicadas como medicinais, sendo as mais citadas; Eucalipto (Eucalyptus glubulus L.), Hortelã (Mentha piperita L.), Capim santo (Cymbopogon citratus) e Boldo (Peumus boldus L.). Muitas dessas plantas são utilizadas contra problemas de saúde como; gripe, tosse, dor cabeça, febre e entre outros, sendo a principal forma de uso para o tratamento indicado, o chá através das folhas das espécies indicadas.  Diante da realização deste estudo, foi possível perceber uma auto confiança por parte dos comercializadores perante o tratamento indicado, sendo fornecido aos consumidores. Além disso, este trabalho permitiu divulgar o saber local e a experiência profissional que muitos destes indivíduos possuem, contribuinte como fonte pessoal, social e econômica.
EKOTURİZM FAALİYETLERİNE KATILAN BİREYLERİN DEĞER İNANÇ NORM TEORİSİ KAPSAMINDA ÇEVRE DOSTU DAVRANIŞLARININ AÇIKLANMASI
Authors: Kement Üzeyir
Published: October 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı ekoturizm faaliyetlerine
katılan turistik tüketicilerin çevre dostu davranışlarının değer inanç-norm
teorisi kapsamında incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın evrenini Türkiye’de ekoturizm
faaliyetine katılan turistik tüketiciler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri
toplama tekniği olarak anket formu kullanılmıştır. Toplam 395 katılımcıya anket
formları doldurtulmuştur. Verilerin analiz edilmesi sürecinde Smart PLS
istatistik programından faydalanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları incelendiğinde
biyosferik, özgecil ve egoistik değerin ekolojik dünya görüşüne olumlu yönde
etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ekolojik dünya görüşünün sonuçların
farkındalığına, sonuçların farkındalığının ise sorumluluk yüklenmeye olumlu
yönde anlamlı etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, sorumluluk yüklenmenin
kişisel norma, kişisel normun ise çevre dostu davranışa olumlu yönde etkisi
olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
APEGO AO LUGAR E AO COMPORTAMENTO PRÓ-AMBIENTAL: O RACIONAMENTO DE ÁGUA EM QUESTÃO
Authors: Klavdianos Natália de David , Gunther Isolda de Araújo
Published: October 2019

A escassez de água tem colocado em risco a saúde humana, sendo necessárias ações de conservação. Racionar água é uma medida adotada por cidades sob esse risco. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar quais as variáveis psicológicas, sociodemográficas e situacionais que dificultam ou auxiliam moradores no período de racionamento a conservar este recurso. A amostra foi escolhida por conveniência, constituída por 103 adultos, que responderam um questionário contendo escalas de favorabilidade às medidas de racionamento e apego ao lugar. Foram utilizados Grupos focais para acessar suas percepções sobre o racionamento. Os dados das escalas foram analisados estatisticamente, e a análise de conteúdo foi realizada nos grupos focais. Os resultados indicaram diferenças em apego ao lugar e favorabilidade dependendo do local estudado e do nível socioeconômico dos participantes. Conclui-se que os aspectos de apego ao lugar se relacionam ao comportamento pró-ambiental.
COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE TRÊS SOFTWARES DE CÁLCULO DE DIETAS: UMA ANÁLISE DO VALOR ENERGÉTICO DE UMA DIETA ENTERAL SEMIARTESANAL
Authors: Oliveira Maiane Paris Pirôpo de , Costa Carlos Alberto Soares da
Published: October 2019

O objetivo do presente estudo foi recalcular as dietas enterais semiartesanais padrões apresentados em uma Cartilha de Terapia Nutricional Enteral Domiciliar. Foram selecionadas as dietas 1.500, 1.800 e 2.100 kcal. Utilizaram-se três softwares de cálculo de dietas, Programa A, B, C, e cálculo manual com o auxílio de três referências bibliográficas. A dieta de 1.500 kcal pelo Programa A apresentou percentual de inadequação de -22,62%, Programa B -13,9%, Programa C +15,73% e pelo cálculo manual -1,1%. A dieta de 1.800 kcal apresentou no Programa A -26,6%, Programa B -15,6%, Programa C +11,17% e no cálculo manual -1,8%. A dieta de 2.100 kcal pelo Programa A -25,5%, Programa B -15,8%, Programa C +7,2% e no cálculo manual -4,8%. No estudo foi inviável reproduzir as dietas com auxílio do Programa A, B e C. O cálculo manual foi o método que mais se aproximou dos valores de oferta calórica apresentados pela cartilha.
Ground Failure from the Anchorage, Alaska, Earthquake of 30 November 2018
Authors: Jibson Randall W. , R. Grant Alex R. , Witter Robert C. , Allstadt Kate E. , Thompson Eric M. , Bender Adrian M.
Published: October 2019

Investigation of ground failure triggered by the 2018 Mw 7.1 Anchorage earthquake showed that landslides, liquefaction, and ground cracking all occurred and caused significant damage. Shallow rock falls and rock slides were the most abundant types of landslides, but they occurred in smaller numbers than global models that are based on earthquake magnitude predict; this might result from the 2018 earthquake being an intraslab event. Liquefaction was common in alluvial and intertidal areas; ground deformation probably related to liquefaction damaged numerous houses and port facilities in Anchorage. Ground cracking was pervasive near the edges of slopes in hilly areas and caused perhaps the most significant property damage of all types of ground failure. A complex of slump–earth flows was triggered along coastal bluffs in southern Anchorage where slides also occurred in 1964; the 2018 slides involved both mobilization of new landside material and reactivation of parts of the 1964 landslide deposits. Large translational slides that formed during the 1964 Alaska earthquake showed evidence of deformation along pre‐existing failure surfaces but did not reactivate with new net downslope displacement. Modeling suggests that ground motion in 2018 was of insufficient duration and too high frequency to trigger reactivation of the deep landslides.
Assessing the Friendship Quality of Children between the Ages of 9 and 12 Based on Certain Variables
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Nilgün
Published: October 2019

The purpose of
this study is to investigate whether the friendship qualities of 9-12 years old
students differ according to socio-demographic variables. The study group
consisted of 667 students attending the 3th, 4 th, 5th
and 6th grades of the schools in the Battalgazi district of Malatya
in the 2018-2019 academic year. A personal information form prepared by the
researcher to collect demographic data and the Friendship Quality Scale were
used to measure friendship quality levels. In the data analysis, mean,
independent sample t test, oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used.
According to the findings, it was found out that the dimensions of friendship
quality, which students attach the most importance to, were trust, validation
and support, self-disclosure, conflict, companionship and recreation; the least
important the dimension of friendship quality is the help and guidance.
According to the of gender, grade level, academic achievement and economic
status, there is a significant difference in of the students' friendship
quality.  According to gender, female
students' friendship quality was found to be higher levels than boys students.
The grade level progressed, the level of friendship quality of the students
increased. It has been found that the increase in academic achievement of
students positively affects the quality of friendship. It was observed that the
increase in the economic status of the students positively reflects the
friendship quality.
Bilgi Ekonomisi Göstergeleri Bakımından Türkiye’nin Avrupa ve Orta Asya Ülkeleri Arasındaki Yeri
Authors: SALUR Sultan
Published: October 2019

Son yıllarda dünya ekonomilerinde bilgi ekonomisinin öneminin arttığıgörülmektedir. Bu ekonominin temelini yeni teknolojiler, bu teknolojilerin geliştirilmesi ve yayılmasıoluşturmaktadır. Bilgi ekonomisi, gelişmişülkelerin yakalamışolduğu bir seviye olarak kabul görmektedir. Bu seviyeyi yakalamayıhedefleyen gelişmekte olan ülkelerde teknolojik yatırımlara ve beşeri sermayeye gereken önem verilmelidir. Bilgi ekonomisi bakımından ülkelerin performanslarıçeşitli değişkenler tarafından incelenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Dünya Bankası’nın geliştirdiği KAM Metodolojisinin(The Knowledge Assessment Methodology) gruplandırmışolduğu Avrupa ve Orta Asya’da yer alan 26 ülke ve yine bu yöntemin belirlediği değişkenlerden ulaşılabilir olanlarla bir karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Yapılan karşılaştırmalar Türkiye’nin içinde bulunduğu grupta orta seviyede performans gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Konaklama İşletmelerinde Çalışan Personelin Psikolojik Sermayeleri ile Demografik Özellikleri Arasındaki İlişkiler
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Halil Özcan
Published: October 2019

Bu araştırma kapsamında Nevşehir ilindeki 4 ve 5 yıldızlı otel çalışanlarının örgütsel psikolojik sermaye düzeyleri ve çalışanların demografik özelliklerine göre psikolojik sermayelerinin anlamlı bir değişiklik gösterip göstermediği incelenmiştir. Nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama araştırma deseninde yürütülen araştırmada 403 otel çalışanının görüşleri Psikolojik Sermaye Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Çalışanların ölçek maddelerine vermiş oldukları cevaplar doğrultusunda öncelikle veri dağılımı incelenmiş ardından betimsel istatistikler, ilişkisiz ölçümlerde t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi hesaplanmıştır. Hesaplama sonucunda otel çalışanlarının örgütlerine yönelik iyimserlik, psikolojik dayanıklılık, umut, öz yeterlilik ve psikolojik sermayelerinin yüksek düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Erkek çalışanların kadın çalışanlara göre öz yeterlilik algılarının daha yüksek olduğu; evli çalışanların bekâr çalışanlara göre psikolojik dayanıklılık, umut, öz yeterlilik ve psikolojik sermaye düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışanların öğrenim durumlarına, kıdemlerine ve yaşlarına göre psikolojik sermaye düzeylerinde anlamlı bir değişiklik olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Drug utilisation pattern in geriatric patients of a teritiary care teaching hospital: a retrospective study
Authors: Tamma Naveen Kumar , Patnaik Prasanth Kumar , Karedla Srinivasu
Published: October 2019

Background: The objective of the study was to assess the prescribing pattern of drugs in geriatrics patient in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted by department of Pharmacology for a period of one year in patients above 65 years from case sheets of medical record section. WHO basic indicators were used for studying the prescribing pattern of drugs.Results: A total of 200 patients were included in the study. Respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infections were most commonly found among patients of geriatric age group. Among antibiotics ceftriaxone, cefixime, ampicillin, amoxicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, cotrimaxazole for upper respiratory tract infections and rantidine, norfloxacin for gastrointestinal tract infections were maximum utilized. Polypharmacy was prevalent and majority of drugs prescribed were by brand names because of free supply of drugs.Conclusions: There is a need to bring changes in the prescribing practices with particular emphasis on generic drug and restricting polypharmacy. Also antibiotic policy needs to be introduced in the hospital and continuous medical education besides evidence based medicine approach for rationale use of drugs.
Anti-diabetic drugs prescription pattern by postgraduate students among type 2 diabetes patients attending a tertiary care hospital
Authors: K. Lohit , Somashekar Lakshmish Devang Halepalya , Kumar Naveen , K. R. Vidya
Published: October 2019

Background: The pattern of prescribing anti-diabetic drugs varies among different medical professionals due to the availability of numerous anti-diabetic drugs and demographic and have increasingly favoured for tighter control of glycemic index. Even with the available multiple therapies many patients are not in control. The reasons may be multi factorial and the one important factor is the drugs prescribed.Methods: This cross-sectional study involving 140 type 2 adult diabetes patients was done to assess the pattern of anti-diabetic drugs prescribed by the postgraduate students in a tertiary health care center using a specially designed questionnaire.Results: Oral medications were predominantly prescribed. Metformin and Glimepiride combination was prescribed in majority. Among insulin, combination of short and intermediate acting insulin was prescribed more and the number of insulin prescription increased with the duration of diabetes. Interestingly no newer classes of drugs are prescribed.Conclusions: There is a rational prescription pattern of antidiabetic drugs but newer antidiabetic drugs are not prescribed and life style changes are not discussed with the patients. There is a need to include life style changes as a part of prescription to all the patients.
A pharmaco-epidemiological study of psoriasis
Authors: Gupta Swikriti , Acharya Swathi , Shanmukha Girisha Banavasi , Holla Rajendra
Published: October 2019

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic relapsing disease necessitates long-term therapy. The disease severity, comorbidities, and access to health care determine the choice of therapy for psoriasis. The main aim of the treatment of psoriasis is to induce prolonged remission and suppress the disease as there is no cure. It is only palliative and symptomatic treatment, and the choice of treatment modality is according to the type of presentation. The various modalities of treatment available include topical therapies, systemic therapies, phototherapy, and biologics. The difference includes among clinical varieties in their presenting features, severity, natural course, and response to the treatment are responsible for variation in choice of therapy.Methods: In this descriptive study, data collected from patients diagnosed with psoriasis who were admitted in a K.S. Hegde Charitable hospital from January 2017 to January 2019 were analysed for demographic features, disease pattern and drug use pattern in patients.Results: Psoriasis vulgaris/plaque type of psoriasis was commonly observed type of psoriasis in our patients with fourth and fifth decade patients getting more affected. Diabetes was the most commonly associated comorbid disorder. The patients were treated both with systemic and topical modalities of treatment, antihistaminic and methotrexate were most commonly most commonly used systemic drug and moisturizers and glucocorticoids were used topical drugs.Conclusions: Psoriasis needs a multimodality treatment with careful monitoring for the comorbid disorder. Treatment choice is individualised depending on the severity and body parts affected.
Evaluation of anxiolytic properties of BacoMind extract of plant Bacopa monnieri Linn. in comparison with diazepam in rodent model
Authors: Rathore Rajni , Arora Tarun , Mamadi Rashmi Karabasappa
Published: October 2019

Background: Anxiety is a state characterized by somatic, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components, associated with significant disability. The pharmacotherapy for anxiety remains limited for achievable safety and tolerability of the medicines. Benzodiazepines use associated with side effects like psychomotor impairment and addiction liability. Due to the ADRs associated with antianxiety drugs, the drug trials have focused on screening herbal medicines that are reportedly used in the treatment of anxiety and which have minimal side effects.Methods: The anxiolytic activity was examined by using the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT), forty Albino wistar strain rats of both sex of weighing 120 to 200 g were divided into four groups of ten rats each.. Group 1 received vehicle (normal saline); group 2 received diazepam (1 mg/kg); groups 3 and 4 received BacoMind™, 30 and 60 mg/kg oral, respectively.Results: Rats treated with diazepam (1 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant (p<0.001) increase in the percentage of open arms entries and time spent whereas, in closed arm the number of entries and time spent were significantly (p<0.05) decreased. Intraperitonial administration of BacoMind™ extract of plant Bacopa monnieri Linn. exhibited significant (p<0.05) increase in the number of open arm entries and time spent with significant (p<0.05) reduction in number of entries and time spent in the closed arm as compared to group 1. BacoMind™ treated rats also produced significant increase in the number of rearings (p<0.05), assisted rearings and number of squares crossed (p<0.01).Conclusions: BacoMind™ extract of plant Bacopa monnieri Linn possess significant anxiolytic activity in the rats. It can be a promising anxiolytic agent.
Adverse drug reactions monitoring of anticoagulant drugs used in cardiac coronary care unit of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kassere Sugandha , Kalra Juhi , Rawat Anurag , Kohli Saurabh
Published: October 2019

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Anticoagulants are the most commonly implicated drugs, used in cardiology unit and they are responsible for a majority of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the pattern of ADRs reported with anticoagulant drugs used in the cardiology unit of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This observational prospective study was undertaken from September 2017 to August 2018. Causality assessment of ADRs was assessed using the WHO and Naranjo scale of probability. The severity was assessed by modified Hartwig and Siegel scale, and preventability of ADRs was assessed by Schumock and Thornton scale.Results: Out of the total forty-one ADRs recorded, 40 (97.56%) were mild and 1 (2.44%) was reported as severe on the Hartwig and Siegel severity scale. Hematuria (68.29%) was the most common ADR followed by hemoptysis (14.63%). Among all anticoagulants, low molecular weight heparin was associated with the majority of ADRs (85.37%). The WHO causality and Naranjo Scale revealed that maximum of the ADRs (~80%) were possible. All ADRs reported was Type “A” reactions according to Wills and Brown classification of ADRs. Majority of ADRs (97.56%) were probably preventable.Conclusions: In the present study, hematuria was the most common ADR reported. Among all anticoagulants, Low molecular weight heparin accounted for the majority of ADRs followed by acenocoumarol and heparin. Intensive monitoring and frequent reporting need to be done in cardiac units to improve patient safety.
Trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of blood culture-positive typhoid fever over half a decade in adults attending a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India
Authors: Rashed Mohammed Rafiuddin , Yadav Ashish , Jakribettu Ramakrishna Pai
Published: October 2019

Background: Typhoid fever is a public health concern in developing countries. Developed countries have also been influenced due to tourism. The drugs used for treating typhoid fever can and have been rendered unusable due to resistance. Monitoring and updating the Salmonella antibiogram is needed to prevent therapeutic failures. This study confirms to the same goal.Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively in a tertiary care hospital in North Kerala with data collected from 2013 to 2017. Years were categorized into four quarters to analyze seasonality. Positive blood culture samples of adults, identified to be Salmonella typhi or paratyphi were subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity.Results: 37 Salmonella isolates were included. July-September quarter was found to have maximum incidence of typhoid fever followed by April-June quarter. All isolates were 100% sensitive to ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Sensitivity lacked for nalidixic acid (48.65%), ciprofloxacin (48.65%) and levofloxacin (70.27%). Sensitivity to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole was 86.49% and 91.89%. Azithromycin efficacy was good overall (94.59%) with resistant isolates emerging in final year of this study.Conclusions: Monsoon is most conducive for typhoid fever occurrence followed by summer. This study confirms utility of ceftriaxone and futility of quinolones and fluoroquinolones in typhoid fever treatment. Azithromycin has started showing emergence of resistance. Ampicillin and cotrimoxazole cannot be relied upon due to variability in sensitivity patterns. Chloramphenicol showed full efficacy throughout the study period which is encouraging. Amoxicillin-clavulinic acid, surprisingly was 100% effective throughout study period. However, no contemporary data is available for comparison.
Cost effectiveness analysis in the management of stroke in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Dey Gargi , R. Jyothi , K. Girish
Published: October 2019

Background: Stroke has a high economic impact on the society especially in a developing country like India. In India health insurance doesn’t cover all people leading to out of pocket expenditure. The objective of the present study was to study the cost of illness and outcome of stroke in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: Direct medical and nonmedical costs were obtained after 28 days of follow-up. The outcome of the stroke was measured by modified Rankin scale (mRS).Results: The mean age of the patients was 65.38±13.98 years. Majority of the patients suffered from ischemic stroke and belonged to lower middle socioeconomic group. The mean cost of stroke was INR 39819. There was improvement in the mRS score after 28 days following treatment of acute stroke.Conclusions:Direct medical costs forms major component of cost of stroke. Early management and hospital discharge can reduce the economic burden of stroke.
Study of changes in non-stress test following antenatal corticosteroid therapy in preterm pregnancy
Authors: S. Renuka , S. Sathiya , M. Famida A. , K. Vijayalakshmi , R. Sailatha
Published: October 2019

Background: Preterm birth is the largest unsolved problem in obstetrics and the single most significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Preterm labour constitutes 5-10% of pregnancies and is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is a major public health problem in terms of loss of life, long term disability (cerebral palsy, blindness, deafness, chronic lung disease). The objectives of this study were to determine whether antenatal corticosteroid administration affects the non-stress test. To evaluate the effect of antenatal steroid on foetal movements. To assess the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal mortality after antenatal corticosteroid administration.Methods: All antenatal cases between 28-32 weeks of gestation judged to be at risk for preterm delivery attending the outpatient department or admitted in a tertiary care hospital, Tamil Nadu during the study period of 3 years.Results: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the NST for a period of 3 days following antenatal corticosteroid administration and to study the immediate changes in the mother and the foetus. We found out that there was a statistically significant change (p <0.01) in non-stress test when compared with the pre-betamethasone assay.Conclusions: Corticosteroids can cause metabolic alterations in mother, short- and long-term effect in the foetus.
A simple screening tool to identify women with previously undiagnosed prediabetes and diabetes mellitus in the community
Authors: Waidyatilaka Indu , Lanerolle Pulani , Atukorala Sunethra , Wickremasinghe Rajitha , Somasundaram Noel , De Silva Angela
Published: October 2019

Background: In the current context of rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCD), simple low-cost screening tools are essential for identifying individuals who have glucose dysregulation at its early stages. Therefore, we developed and validated a screening tool for dysglycemia (defined as HbA1c≥5.7%) with the potential to identify undiagnosed prediabetes and as well as diabetes mellitus.

Methods: A sample of 2800 women representative of Colombo Municipal Council area was screened using fasting blood glucose for dysglycemia. All (n=272) newly diagnosed dysglycemics and a further 345 normoglycemics were recruited following confirmation of glycemic status by HbA1c, to enable ROC analysis. A pretested questionnaire and the International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) validated for Sri Lanka were used to generate variables for the risk score.

Results: A risk score for dysglycemia with a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 87% and AUC of 0.941 was developed with two common symptoms of dysglycaemia, history of recent increase in frequency of passing urine and recent reduction in vision, one common food related practice, inability to resist sugary food and one indicator of sedentary behavior, TV viewing time and a single anthropometric measurement, waist circumference.

Conclusions: A tool to identify prediabetes is currently unavailable and this new tool fills this gap. Further, the tool is designed to include women with previously undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. Inclusion of lifestyle parameters having a known association with dysglycemia increased the strength of the tool. Early identification will ensure targeting of interventions at the point of maximum effect.
Feasibility of acceptance and commitment therapy for post-bariatric surgery patients: the FAB study protocol
Authors: Cotter Lisa , Scholtz Samantha , Das Shikta , Lee John Tayu , Lee-Baggley Dayna , A. Barley Elizabeth
Published: October 2019

Background: Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity. However, around one in five people experience significant weight regain. In the months following surgery, loss of food as a hedonic reward, increased sensitivity to food-related cues, alcohol use and depression may translate into new obesogenic behaviours which can be targeted in therapy. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) teaches acceptance of and defusion from thoughts and feelings which influence behaviour, and commitment to act in line with personal values. We will test whether people who have had bariatric surgery over one year ago find 10 weeks of ACT group therapy an acceptable treatment and whether a larger trial to test whether ACT can improve long-term post-operative outcomes would be feasible.

Methods: This will be a feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) with participants randomised to either ACT or a Usual Care Support Group control. Participants will be recruited at 15-18 months post-surgery and compared at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. The trial will provide information about recruitment and characteristics of the proposed outcome measures to inform a definitive RCT.

Conclusions: Trials big enough to determine whether a treatment approach works are costly, so this small study will help determine whether the methods used, such as how people are recruited, allocated to groups, and how data are collected, are likely to work on a bigger scale. This project is the first step in testing whether ACT can help people who have had bariatric surgery.

Trial Registration: Researchregistry.com, UIN: 3959 (date registered: 10 April 2018); ISRCTN registry ID: ISRCTN52074801.
Effect of lifestyle modification on level of serum electrolytes and minerals of young medical students
Authors: Tripathy Subrat K. , Ray Subhashree , Dehuri Samiskhya
Published: October 2019

Background: Adolescence and young adulthood are generally considered as healthy times of life but available evidence indicates that young people are now more prone to a number of health problems particularly those in professional courses like medical and engineering. They face the stress of modern education system and the changing life styles of modern India like fast food and addictions.

Methods: To find out the effect of food habits and addiction on young medical students, 100 healthy students were selected from 2nd year batch of 150 students of I.M.S. and S.U.M. Hospital, Sikhya O. Anusandhana University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. All these 100 students will be divided into two equal age matched groups of 50 students. One group will be advised to follow some special life style modifications consider to be healthy for 2 months and the other group was left as such and no special interference was done in their lifestyles and no special dietary modification advised to them.  

Results: After two months it was found that in the group with life style modifications has significant changes in their Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) and Phosphorus (P) values before and after studies whereas there was no significant the changes in the values of Sodium (Na), Potassium (K) and Chloride (Cl) are noted with life style modifications.

Conclusions: From the above study it may be concluded that life style modification has certain beneficial effects on the young students to face the stress related with studies in a positive direction by improving electrolytes level particularly Ca, Mg and P.
Clinical outcome of combined scaphocapitate fusion and posterior interosseous neurectomy for stage III Kienbock’s disease
Authors: Abodonia Hossam Elden A. , Elbadawy Mohammed H. , Basha Ahmed A.
Published: October 2019

Background: Treatment of Kienbock’s disease is still controversial. Several authors have described various surgical treatment options for Kienbock’s disease, all of whom reported successful treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study is to explore the clinical results of posterior interosseous neurectomy and scaphocapitate fusion as a treatment option for stage III Kienbock’s disease.

Methods: This study evaluated the range of motion, grip and functional results after treatment of ten wrists of stage III Kienbock’s disease. Four males and six females with average age of 26.3 years, seven dominant and three non-dominant wrists were included. Two patients were smokers while six were housewives, three manual workers and a lawyer. The average follow up period was 14.2 months.

Results: Four patients revealed excellent, three good and three fair results. The mean modified Mayo score was 81.5. Flexion-extension range was 105.5° representing 74.9% of the contralateral side range. The mean flexion and extension range of operated side was increased, while the flexion increase was nonsignificant. Regarding radial-ulnar deviation, the mean range was 33.5° representing 76.5% of the contralateral side. The mean ulnar and radial deviation was increased, while the radial increase was nonsignificant. The mean grip strength was significantly increased to 90 mmHg representing 93.2% of the contralateral side.

Conclusions: Scaphocpitate fusion is a recommended solution for treatment of late stages of Kienbock’s disease with lunate collapse. Longer postoperative time has a positive impact on grip strength and flexion-extension range of motion.
Efficacy of free fibula flap for reconstruction of post traumatic long bone defect: retrospective study of eighteen cases
Authors: Sharma Shobhit , Bera Sudipta
Published: October 2019

Background: Complex and segmental bone defects are common after resection of tumors and trauma involving long bones of the extremities. Free fibula flap is commonly practiced for complex oromandibular defects and bone reconstruction after sarcoma and bone tumor excision. But post traumatic bone reconstruction of extremities with free fubula is less commonly practiced and only reserved for long segmental reconstruction or as an alternative to distraction osteogenesis. We are presenting a retrospective analysis of surgical details and outcome of 18 cases with post traumatic long bone defect reconstructed with free fibula osteocutaneous flap.

Methods: 18 patients with post traumatic composite or segmental long bone defect which were reconstructed with free fibula osteocutaneous flap (FFOCF) between 2014 to 2018 are included in this study. Operative details, success rate, bone healing, functional outcome and complications are reviewed retrospectively.

Results: Success rate of flap surgery was 17/18 (94.44%). Bone gap was 6-17 cm and Skin paddle ranged from 10 cm × 8 cm to 15 cm × 10 cm. Bone healing, weight bearing outside cast and return to daily activity period were 8-16 weeks, 10-15 months and 12-18 months respectively. Non-union, malunion and stress fracture were noted in one,one and three patients respectively.

Conclusions: Free fibula flap is a reliable method for reconstruction of post traumatic complex and segmental long bone defects. Quality of bone healing is good enabling resuming to early weight bearing and daily activities and high success rate. Free fibula flap may be procedure of choice for reconstruction of such bony injuries with the microvascular surgical facilities.
Epidemiology of spinal injury patients admitted to the department of orthopaedics, King George Medical University
Authors: Kumar Satyendra , Verma Vikas , Sharma Vineet , Singh Shailendra
Published: October 2019

Background: Socioeconomic structure, policies and cultural traditions play important roles in the determining the epidemiological characteristics of spinal injury patients. An understanding of epidemiology of spinal injuries is essential for planning and implementation of preventive measures as well as clinical services. The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology of spinal injury patients admitted to the Department of Orthopaedics, King George Medical University (KGMU).

Methods: Age, sex, time since injury to admission, site of injury, mechanism of injury, stability of injury, vertebral level, collision type, visibility, type of road, associated injuries, complications and outcome at the end of hospital stay was recorded.

Results: Mean age of the 149 enrolled patients was 33.62±13.47 years. Male to female ratio was 2.63. More than fifty percent (52.3%) patients were admitted more than 48 hrs after injury. Most of the patients sustained injury in the house (59.1%). Falls were the most common mechanism of injury (79.2%). 54.23% of the falls were less than body height. Stable injuries (51%) were more common than unstable injuries. 21.48% patients had multiple levels of injury. 1st lumbar vertebra was the most common vertebra injured (20.88%). Ninty six (64.42%) patients had associated injuries. Most common complication were pulmonary (16.10%).

Conclusions: Traumatic spinal injuries predominantly involve young males. Household falls are the most common cause of traumatic spinal injuries. There is a need to determine the modifiable factors that contribute to household falls. There is a significant association between falls and complete injuries. 
Berberyna jako potencjalny terapeutyk w leczeniu ostrego zapalenia trzustki
Authors: Tarasiuk Aleksandra , Pawlik Leon , Fichna Jakub
Published: October 2019

Berberine (BRB) is a compound belonging to the group of isoquinoline alkaloids of plant origin that has long been used in traditional chinese medicine (TMC). Due to, among others anti-inflammatory properties BRB is a potential therapeutic in the treatment of acute pancreatitis (OZT). In a study in the mouse model of L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis, we showed that BRB administered by the intravenous route at 0.1 and 0.5 mg / kg body weight significantly reduces the level of myeloperoxidase activity (an indicator of inflammation) in the pancreas and lungs. Promising results point to the need for larger, randomized studies to assess the long-term efficacy and side effects of BRB therapy.