bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes among Japanese pregnant women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes from 1982 to 2020
Authors: Fujikawa Shingu Kei , Waguri Masako , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Katakami Naoto , Shimomura Iichiro
Published: May 2022

Aims/Introduction

This study investigated the time trends of the maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes of Japanese pregnant women with diabetes.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study included 621 deliveries in 429 Japanese women with diabetes between 1982 and 2020. The association of the delivery date with clinical features was analyzed using the generalized estimating equations to adjust for the within‐person correlation.

Results

The mean age of delivery and the mean diabetes duration increased over time (both P < 0.001), while the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy decreased (P = 0.006). The mean HbA1c values during pregnancy decreased significantly over time (all P < 0.001). The decreasing trends were associated with preterm delivery (P = 0.021) but not with other perinatal outcomes. The time trends were significantly different between patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and with type 2 diabetes mellitus in large for gestational age (LGA) and stillbirth (both P for interaction <0.05). The rate of LGA decreased among patients with type 2 diabetes (P = 0.003) but not those with type 1 diabetes (P = 0.413). In contrast, the prevalence of stillbirth was decreased among those with type 1 diabetes (P < 0.001) but not those with type 2 diabetes (P = 0.768). The proportion of major congenital anomalies did not change in the overall population (P = 0.259) and among patients with type 2 diabetes (P = 0.229), but it increased among those with type 1 diabetes (P = 0.044), although the difference between those with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes was not statistically significant (P for interaction = 0.166).

Conclusions

Maternal glycemic control has improved over the decades, whereas the improvement of perinatal outcomes has been limited. Perinatal outcomes still need to be improved in Japanese women with diabetes.
Effect of potassium supplementation on osmoregulatory and stress response of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) with Spinacia oleraceaL. in aquaponics
Authors: John Venisza Cathy , Verma Ajit Kumar , Krishnani Kishore Kumar , Chandrakant Mallikarjuan Hittinahalli , Varghese Tincy , Pathak Madhuri Shrikant
Published: May 2022

This study evaluated the effect of different potassium supplementation dosages on the physiological responses of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus reared in an aquaponic system with Spinacia oleracea L. for 60 days. The system comprised of a rectangular fish tank of 168 l capacity (water volume = 100 l) with nutrient film technique (NFT)–based hydroponic component with fish to plant ratio of 2.8 kg m−3: 28 plants m−2 in all the treatments. The osmoregulatory and stress parameters of P. hypophthalmus at four different potassium dosages of T1 (90 mg l−1), T2 (120 mg l−1), T3 (150 mg l−1) and T4 (180 mg l−1) were compared with C (control, 0 mg l−1) to examine the potassium level to be applied to aquaponics. The water quality parameters and fish production were found to have no adverse impact due to potassium supplementation. The spinach yield during two harvests, i.e., before and after potassium supplementation, revealed that the yield was significantly higher (P < 0.05) after supplementation with the highest yield in T3 and T4. The osmoregulatory parameters such as plasma osmolality, Na+, K+ ATPase activity in gill and plasma ionic profile (Cl−, Ca2+ and Na+) showed an insignificant variation (P > 0.05) between control and treatments except for higher plasma potassium concentration (1.98 ± 0.19 mmol l−1) in T4. The stress and antioxidant enzyme analysis exhibited significantly higher plasma glucose and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in gill and liver in T4, whereas cortisol and catalase showed an insignificant difference (P > 0.05). The experimental findings demonstrated that the potassium dosage up to 150 mg l−1 could be suggested as optimum for P. hypophthalmus and spinach aquaponics without impairing the health and oxidative status of P. hypophthalmus.
Seasonal dynamics of marine protist communities in tidally mixed coastal waters
Authors: Caracciolo Mariarita , Rigaut‐Jalabert Fabienne , Romac Sarah , Mahé Frédéric , Forsans Samuel , Gac Jean‐Philippe , Arsenieff Laure , Manno Maxime , Chaffron Samuel , Cariou Thierry , Hoebeke Mark , Bozec Yann , Goberville Eric , Le Gall Florence , Guilloux Loïc , Baudoux Anne‐Claire , de Vargas Colomban , Not Fabrice , Thiébaut Eric , Henry Nicolas , Simon Nathalie
Published: May 2022

Major seasonal community reorganizations and associated biomass variations are landmarks of plankton ecology. However, the processes of plankton community turnover rates have not been fully elucidated so far. Here, we analyse patterns of planktonic protist community succession in temperate latitudes, based on quantitative taxonomic data from both microscopy counts (cells >10 μm) and ribosomal DNA metabarcoding (size fraction >3 μm, 18S rRNA gene) from plankton samples collected bimonthly over 8 years (2009–2016) at the SOMLIT‐Astan station (Roscoff, Western English Channel). Based on morphology, diatoms were clearly the dominating group all year round and over the study period. Metabarcoding uncovered a wider diversity spectrum and revealed the prevalence of Dinophyceae and diatoms but also of Cryptophyta, Chlorophyta, Cercozoa, Syndiniales and Ciliophora in terms of read counts and or richness. The use of morphological and molecular analyses in combination allowed improving the taxonomic resolution and to identify the sequence of the dominant species and OTUs (18S V4 rDNA‐derived taxa) that drive annual plankton successions. We detected that some of these dominant OTUs were benthic as a result of the intense tidal mixing typical of the French coasts in the English Channel. Our analysis of the temporal structure of community changes point to a strong seasonality and resilience. The temporal structure of environmental variables (especially Photosynthetic Active Radiation, temperature and macronutrients) and temporal structures generated by species life cycles and or species interactions, are key drivers of the observed cyclic annual plankton turnover.
Detection of pyrethroid resistance mutations and intron variants in the voltage‐gated sodium channel of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus mosquitoes from Lao People's Democratic Republic
Authors: Marcombe Sebastien , Shimell Katherine , Savage Rachel , Howlett Edward , Luangamath Phonesavanh , Nilaxay Somphat , Vungkyly Vacky , Baby Anne , King Mathew , Clarke Josie , Jeffries Chloe , Jojo Josna , Lacey Emily , Bhatty Farris , Mabika Dadirayi , Dela Cruz Andrea , Fisher Cerys , Mbadu Milca , Despiniadis Iasonas , Brey Paul T. , Thammavong Phoutmany , Jones Andrew K.
Published: May 2022

In Lao People's Democratic Republic, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus 1762) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse 1894) mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are vectors of arboviral diseases such as dengue. As the treatment for these diseases is limited, control of the vectors with the use of pyrethroid insecticides is still essential. However, mutations in the voltage‐gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene giving rise to pyrethroid resistance are threatening vector control programs. Here, we analysed both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes, which were collected in different districts of Laos (Kaysone Phomvihane, Vangvieng, Saysettha and Xaythany), for vgsc mutations commonly found throughout Asia (S989P, V1016G and F1534C). Sequences of the vgsc gene showed that the F1534C mutation was prevalent in both Aedes species. S989P and V1016G mutations were detected in Ae. aegypti from each site and were always found together. In addition, the mutation T1520I was seen in Ae. albopictus mosquitoes from Saysettha district as well as in all Ae. aegypti samples. Thus, mutations in the vgsc gene of Ae. aegypti are prevalent in the four districts studied indicating growing insecticide resistance throughout Laos. Constant monitoring programmes and alternative strategies for controlling Aedes should be utilized in order to prolong the effectiveness of pyrethroids thereby maximizing vector control.
Convergent evolution of disordered lipidic structural colour in the fruits of Lantana strigocamara (syn. L. camara hybrid cultivar)
Authors: Sinnott‐Armstrong Miranda A. , Ogawa Yu , van de Kerkhof Gea Theodora , Vignolini Silvia , Smith Stacey D.
Published: May 2022

The majority of plant colours are produced by anthocyanin and carotenoid pigments, but colouration obtained by nanostructured materials (i.e. structural colours) is increasingly reported in plants. Here, we identify a multilayer photonic structure in the fruits of Lantana strigocamara and compare it with a similar structure in Viburnum tinus fruits.

We used a combination of transmission electron microscopy (EM), serial EM tomography, scanning force microscopy and optical simulations to characterise the photonic structure in L. strigocamara. We also examine the development of the structure during maturation.

We found that the structural colour derives from a disordered, multilayered reflector consisting of lipid droplets of c.105 nm that form a plate‐like structure in 3D. This structure begins to form early in development and reflects blue wavelengths of light with increasing intensity over time as the structure develops. The materials used are likely to be lipid polymers.

Lantana strigocamara is the second origin of a lipid‐based photonic structure, convergently evolved with the structure in Viburnum tinus. Chemical differences between the lipids in L. strigocamara and those of V. tinus suggest a distinct evolutionary trajectory with implications for the signalling function of structural colours in fruits.
APACHE scoring system and pressure injury risk for intensive care patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tang Wen , Zha Man‐li , Zhang Wan‐Qing , Hu Shi‐Qi , Chen Hong‐Lin
Published: May 2022

The present study was designed to determine the association between Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) scale and elevated pressure injure (PI) risk in intensive care units (ICU) and also evaluate the predictive value of APACHE score in PI patients. Comprehensive strategies were used to search studies from PubMed, Web of Science, and Ovid Embase electronic databases for observational studies that provided data about APACHE scores related to PI in ICU. Eligible studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pooled SMD with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. A summary ROC curve was plotted to calculate area under curve (AUC) for APACHE‐II (15–20). Twenty‐one studies involving 11,102 patients who met selection criteria were included. The 11.0% of patients (1229/11102) in ICU developed PIs. Overall, the PI group had a higher score compared with the non‐PI group in the APACHE II (22.1 ± 8.0 vs. 14.5 ± 7.4, mean ± SD). The APACHE‐III of PI patients was significantly more than that in the non‐PI group (79.9 ± 25.6 vs. 59.9 ± 30.4, mean ± SD). The pooled SMD was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.58–1.06, I2 = 91.7%, p‐value < 0.001). The subgroup analysis revealed that the risk of PIs did not vary with the type of APACHE score (II, III, IV) and the type of study design (case–control, cross‐sectional, cohort, longitudinal study). Proportion of males (I2 = 91.68%, p value = 0.090), publish year (I2 = 91.96%, p value = 0.187) and mean age of patients (I2 = 91.96%, p value = 0.937) were not the sources of heterogeneity. APACHE‐II (15–20) achieves the best predictive performance in PI, and the prediction accuracy was balanced with equal sensitivity and specificity (Sen: 0.72, 0.62–0.80; Spec: 1.72, 1.25–2.38). In conclusion, higher APACHE scores are frequently accompanied by a higher incidence of PI among critical‐care patients. APACHE‐II scores (15–20) satisfactorily predicted PI, and strategies to prevent PI should be aggressively implemented.
Electric Resistance Welded Pipe
Authors: Kiefner J. F. , Clark E.B.
Published: May 2022

Electric resistance welded (ERW) line pipe is widely used for oil and gas pipelines. It is manufactured by cold-forming previously-hot-rolled strip to a circular shape, heating the two abutting edges by passing electric current through the interface as the edges come together, and effecting a bond between the edges as the molten or near-molten edges are forced together by mechanical means without the addition of any filler metal. The earliest ERW process (the “Parpart“ process(4-1) was developed in the 1910-1920 decade but the Johnson process which accounted for most of the ERW line pipe manufactured between 1930 and 1960 was invented in 1924(4-2). The Johnson process, which involved low frequency a.c. current, 60 to 360 cycles per second, was almost entirely superseded by high-frequency ERW processes by 1970. A variation of the Johnson process involving d.c. current was used by at least one manufacturer between 1930 and 1970.
Complex eigenrays algorithm for infrasound propagation in a windy range dependent atmosphere
Authors: Zelias Annie , Gainville Olaf , Coulouvrat François
Published: May 2022

Ray tracing is a simple and efficient three-dimensional method which reduces the problem of infrasound propagation to a series of one-dimensional cases along acoustical rays. However, in relatively frequent cases, infrasound stations are located in geometrical shadow zones, where only diffracted waves are recorded. The corresponding arrivals cannot be predicted by ray theory. To simulate infrasound propagation in these zones, the ray tracing method is generalized to complex ray theory. The source, media, and ground parameters are all considered as complex numbers. For applications with realistic atmospheric data, including stratified temperature and wind as well as the range dependency of atmospheric profiles, an efficient algorithm determining complex eigenrays in the shadow zones is presented. It is illustrated by a two-dimensional case of a point source.
Soft elastomers: A playground for guided waves
Authors: Delory Alexandre , Lemoult Fabrice , Lanoy Maxime , Eddi Antonin , Prada Claire
Published: May 2022

Mechanical waves propagating in soft materials play an important role in physiology. They can be natural, such as the cochlear wave in the inner ear of mammalians, or controlled, such as in elastography in the context of medical imaging. In a recent study, Lanoy, Lemoult, Eddi, and Prada [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117(48), 30186–30190 (2020)] implemented an experimental tabletop platform that allows direct observation of in-plane guided waves in a soft strip. Here, a detailed description of the setup and signal processing steps is presented as well as the theoretical framework supporting them. One motivation is to propose a tutorial experiment for visualizing the propagation of guided elastic waves. Last, the versatility of the experimental platform is exploited to illustrate experimentally original features of wave physics, such as backward modes, stationary modes, and Dirac cones.
Targeting HER2-AXL heterodimerization to overcome resistance to HER2 blockade in breast cancer
Authors: Adam-Artigues Anna , Arenas Enrique J. , Martínez-Sabadell Alex , Brasó-Maristany Fara , Cervera Raimundo , Tormo Eduardo , Hernando Cristina , Martínez María Teresa , Carbonell-Asins Juan , Simón Soraya , Poveda Jesús , Moragón Santiago , Zazo Sandra , Martínez Débora , Rovira Ana , Burgués Octavio , Rojo Federico , Albanell Joan , Bermejo Begoña , Lluch Ana , Prat Aleix , Arribas Joaquín , Eroles Pilar , Cejalvo Juan Miguel
Published: May 2022

Anti-HER2 therapies have markedly improved prognosis of HER2-positive breast cancer. However, different mechanisms play a role in treatment resistance. Here, we identified AXL overexpression as an essential mechanism of trastuzumab resistance. AXL orchestrates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and heterodimerizes with HER2, leading to activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways in a ligand-independent manner. Genetic depletion and pharmacological inhibition of AXL restored trastuzumab response in vitro and in vivo. AXL inhibitor plus trastuzumab achieved complete regression in trastuzumab-resistant patient-derived xenograft models. Moreover,
AXL
expression in HER2-positive primary tumors was able to predict prognosis. Data from the PAMELA trial showed a change in
AXL
expression during neoadjuvant dual HER2 blockade, supporting its role in resistance. Therefore, our study highlights the importance of targeting AXL in combination with anti-HER2 drugs across HER2-amplified breast cancer patients with high
AXL
expression. Furthermore, it unveils the potential value of AXL as a druggable prognostic biomarker in HER2-positive breast cancer.
Type 2 immune predisposition results in accelerated neutrophil aging causing susceptibility to bacterial infection
Authors: Egholm Cecilie , Özcan Alaz , Breu Daniel , Boyman Onur
Published: May 2022

Atopic individuals show enhanced type 2 immune cell responses and a susceptibility to infections with certain bacteria and viruses. Although patients with allergic diseases harbor normal counts of circulating neutrophils, these cells exert deficient effector functions. However, the underlying mechanism of this dysregulation of neutrophils remains ill defined. Here, we find that development, aging, and elimination of neutrophils are accelerated in mice with a predisposition to type 2 immunity, which, in turn, causes susceptibility to infection with several bacteria. Neutrophil-mediated immunity to bacterial infection was greatly decreased in mice with a genetic or induced bias to type 2 immunity. Abrogation of interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptor signaling in these animals fully restored their antibacterial defense, which largely depended on Ly6G
+
neutrophils. IL-4 signals accelerated the maturation of neutrophils in the bone marrow and caused their rapid release to the circulation and periphery. IL-4–stimulated neutrophils aged more rapidly in the periphery, as evidenced by their phenotypic and functional changes, including their decreased phagocytosis of bacterial particles. Moreover, neutrophils from type 2 immune predisposed mice were eliminated at a higher rate by apoptosis and phagocytosis by macrophages and dendritic cells. Collectively, IL-4 signaling–mediated neutrophil aging constitutes an important adaptive deficiency in type 2 inflammation, contributing to recurrent bacterial infections.
Crustal genesis and evolution of the Archean Wyoming Province: Continental growth through vertical magmatic and horizontal tectonic processes
Authors: Mogk* David W. , Frost Carol D. , Mueller Paul A. , Frost B. Ronald , Henry Darrell J.
Published: May 2022

The Archean Wyoming Province formed and subsequently grew through a combination of magmatic and tectonic processes from ca. 4.0 to 2.5 Ga. Turning points in crustal evolution are recorded in four distinct phases of magmatism: (1) Early mafic magmatism formed a primordial crust between 4.0 and 3.6 Ga and began the formation of a lithospheric keel below the Wyoming Province in response to active plume-like mantle upwelling in a “stagnant lid”–type tectonic environment; (2) earliest sialic crust formed in the Paleoarchean by melting of hydrated mafic crust to produce rocks of the tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) suite from ca. 3.6 to 2.9 Ga, with a major crust-forming event at 3.3–3.2 Ga that was probably associated with a transition to plate tectonics by ca. 3.5 Ga; (3) extensive calc-alkalic magmatism occurred during the Mesoarchean and Neoarchean (ca. 2.85–2.6 Ga), forming plutons that are compositionally equivalent to modern-day continental arc plutons; and (4) a late stage of crustal differentiation occurred through intracrustal melting processes ca. 2.6–2.4 Ga. Periods of tectonic quiescence are recognized in the development of stable platform supracrustal sequences (e.g., orthoquartzites, pelitic schists, banded iron formation, metabasites, and marbles) between ca. 3.0 and 2.80 Ga. Evidence for late Archean tectonic thickening of the Wyoming Province through horizontal tectonics and lateral accretion was likely associated with processes similar to modern-style convergent-margin plate tectonics. Although the province is surrounded by Paleoproterozoic orogenic zones, no post-Archean penetrative deformation or calc-alkalic magmatism affected the Wyoming Province prior to the Laramide orogeny. Its Archean crustal evolution produced a strong cratonic continental nucleus prior to incorporation within Laurentia. Distinct lithologic suites, isotopic compositions, and ages provide essential reference markers for models of assembly and breakup of the long-lived Laurentian supercontinent.
Deepwater soil investigation using a free fall penetrometer
Authors: Stark Nina , Parasie Nico , Peuchen Joek
Published: May 2022

Free fall penetrometers (FFP) can improve the efficiency of deepwater geotechnical site investigations. This study investigates the derivation of geotechnical properties from piezocone FFP measurements in the upper 4 m of the seabed at a clayey site with water depths of ∼1500 m. Data analysis methods as commonly applied in cone penetration test (CPT) analysis were tested with strain rate normalization methods previously suggested for FFP analysis. The logarithmic, inverse hyperbolic sine, and power law approaches were applied for strain rate normalization. Strain rate effects appeared small for FFP cone resistance (with μ = 0.1 for the logarithmic and β = 0.06 for the power law approach), but were apparent. Undrained shear strength derived from FFP data matched overall the CPT results, using an N factor Nkt = 12. Undrained shear strength derived from excess pore pressure measured at the u1 position also yielded favorable results using N∆u _FFP = 6. Two soil behavior type classifications showed acceptable agreement between strain rate normalized FFP and CPT results.
Genome-wide association studies identified loci associated with both feed conversion ratio and residual feed intake in Yorkshire pigs
Authors: Wang Kai , Wang Shujie , Ji Xiang , Chen Dong , Shen Qi , Yu Yang , Xiao Weihang , Wu Pingxian , Yuan Jun , Gu Yiren , Tang Guoqing
Published: May 2022

Feed occupies a significant proportion in the production cost of pigs, and the feed efficiency (FE) in pigs is of utmost economic importance. Hence, the objective of this study is to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and candidate genes associated with FE-related traits, including feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI). A genome-wide association study was conducted for FCR and RFI in 169 Yorkshire pigs using whole-genome sequencing data. A total of 23 and 33 suggestive significant SNPs ( P < 1 × 10−6) were detected for FCR and RFI, respectively. However, none of SNPs achieved the genome-wide significance threshold ( P < 5 × 10−8). Importantly, three common SNPs (SSC7:7987268, SSC13:42350250, and SSC13:42551718) were associated with both FCR and RFI. Additionally, the NEDD9 gene related to FCR and RFI traits was overlapped. This study detected novel SNPs on SSC7 and SSC13 common for FCR and RFI. These results provide new insights into the genetic mechanisms and candidate genes of FE-related traits in pigs.
Visualizing multiqubit correlations using the Wigner function
Authors: Tilma Todd , Ciampini Mario A. , Everitt Mark J. , Munro W. J. , Mataloni Paolo , Nemoto Kae , Barbieri Marco
Published: May 2022

Quantum engineering now allows to design and construct multi-qubit states in a range of physical systems. These states are typically quite complex in nature, with disparate, but relevant properties that include both single and multi-qubit coherences and even entanglement. All these properties can be assessed by reconstructing the density matrix of those states—but the large parameter space can mean physical insight of the nature of those states and their coherence can be hard to achieve. Here, we explore how the Wigner function of a multipartite system and its visualization provides rich information on the nature of the state, not only at illustrative level but also at the quantitative level. We test our tools in a photonic architecture making use of the multiple degrees of freedom of two photons.

Graphic abstract
Quantum anonymous veto: a set of new protocols
Authors: Mishra Sandeep , Thapliyal Kishore , Parakh Abhishek , Pathak Anirban
Published: May 2022

We propose a set of protocols for quantum anonymous veto (QAV) broadly categorized under the probabilistic, iterative, and deterministic schemes. The schemes are based upon different types of quantum resources. Specifically, they may be viewed as single photon-based, bipartite and multipartite entangled states-based, orthogonal state-based and conjugate coding-based. The set of the proposed schemes is analyzed for all the requirements of a valid QAV scheme (e.g., privacy, verifiability, robustness, binding, eligibility and correctness). The proposed schemes are observed to be more efficient in comparison to the existing QAV schemes and robust up to the moderate decoherence rate. In addition, a trade-off between correctness and robustness of the probabilistic QAV schemes is observed. Further, the multipartite dense coding based deterministic QAV scheme is most efficient scheme among the set of schemes proposed here. A bipartite entanglement based iterative scheme employing dense coding is yet another efficient and practical scheme. The intrinsic connections between dining cryptographer-net with anonymous veto-net is also explored in the process of designing new protocols.
POTENTIAL AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE BETWEEN CHINA AND RCEP PARTNERS: EVIDENCE FROM THE GRAIN INDUSTRY
Authors: FENG YOU-SHUAI , CAO BAO-MING , DU RONG
Published: May 2022

This paper investigates China’s grain trade potential and the influencing factors with RCEP partner countries by using the stochastic frontier gravity and trade inefficiency models and explores the impact of the RCEP negotiations on grain trade cooperation between China and RCEP partner countries. The research results verify that the institutional distance, economic distance, and tariff level hinder the grain trade efficiency between China and RCEP partner countries, where the tariff level has the smallest resistance. The transportation and communication infrastructure level can significantly improve the grain trade efficiency, but the transportation infrastructure level has a greater stimulative effect. China’s grain trade potential with RCEP partner countries is enormous, and there is evident heterogeneity in the grain trade potential of different countries. The grain trade relations between China and RCEP partner countries have been improved after the RCEP negotiations. However, there are still greater trade potential and expansion space for New Zealand and Laos. Therefore, some policy suggestions are put forward, such as establishing the risk assessment and early warning system, implementing the tariff reduction measures in the agreement, and developing grain trade cooperation according to local conditions, which provides practical guidance for expanding the grain trade scale.
MINIMUM WAGE AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM THE CHINESE MANUFACTURING SECTOR
Authors: QI PING , WANG ZHIFENG
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we examine how the minimum wage affects firm productivity growth with a representative Chinese manufacturing data. Instrumental variable estimation is employed to deal with the potential endogeneity problem between minimum wage and productivity growth. We find that with a 1% increase in the minimum wage, the productivity growth rate on average decreases by 0.299%. Overall, we find that variations in the minimum wage have a highly heterogeneous effect on productivity growth across regions, time and ownerships. To deal with the continuous increase in the minimum wage, firms will use more capital and intermediate input to replace labor.
Empirical formulae for (n,p) reaction cross-sections at 14–15MeV neutrons
Authors: Abdullah Hallo M. , Ahmed Ali H.
Published: May 2022

New empirical formulae for calculating the [Formula: see text] reaction cross-sections were obtained by using the EXFOR experimental data for the neutron energy 14–15[Formula: see text]MeV. Considering the average binding energy per nucleon and dependences of cross-section in the principal formula, we get empirical formulae for estimating the [Formula: see text] reaction cross-sections for 122 nuclei in the mass number range of [Formula: see text]. The EMPIRE 3.2 and TALYS 1.95 codes have been used to evaluate the [Formula: see text] cross-sections for the selected nuclei within the specified neutron energy. The comparison of calculated cross-sections from the present proposed formulae with those from codes and previous systematics reveals more accurate predictions of the experimental data.
Effect of dissipation coefficient of the K coordinate in dynamical modeling of nuclear fission of 178W produced in fusion reaction
Authors: Eslamizadeh H.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a stochastic approach based on two-dimensional dynamical model was used to simulate the fission process of the excited compound nucleus [Formula: see text]W produced in [Formula: see text] reaction. In the dynamical calculations, the elongation parameter of the nucleus was used as the first dimension and the projection of the total spin of the compound nucleus onto the symmetry axis, [Formula: see text], considered as the second dimension. The average pre-fission multiplicities of neutron, light charged particles and the total kinetic energy of the fission fragments were calculated for [Formula: see text]W and the results of calculations compared with the experimental data over a wide range of excitation energy. In the dynamical calculations, dissipation was generated through the chaos weighted wall and window friction formula and the dissipation coefficient of [Formula: see text], was considered as a free parameter and its magnitude inferred by fitting measured data on the average pre-fission multiplicities of neutron and proton for the compound nucleus [Formula: see text]W. It was shown that the results of calculations are in good agreement with the experimental data by using the dissipation coefficient of [Formula: see text] in the range [Formula: see text]. It was also shown that the results of calculations with [Formula: see text] provide a better agreement with the experimental data than with a deformation-dependent dissipation coefficient. Furthermore, it was also shown that differences between the results of calculations for the total kinetic energy of the fission fragments calculated by using different values of dissipation coefficient of [Formula: see text] are small.
Visualization of Multiple Ontology Agro Knowledge Mining Model
Authors: Murali E. , Anouncia S. Margret
Published: May 2022

Agriculture is an important sector which contributes to 17% of the total GDP of the Indian economy. Soil, crop type, location and season play a major role in agriculture. Quality seed, water, soil, chemical composition, disease prevention are important parameters in Quality crops. Growth in agriculture and modern techniques has given out a new dimension to modern agriculture processes which differ from traditional agriculture. This in turn reduces the workload of farmers and increases productivity. Experienced farmers have great knowledge about farming techniques, crop selection, disease prevention, soil composition and crop management techniques and their composition. Due to less productivity, water, labor and pest management knowledge transfer is not done to the next generation. This system attempts to provide a visualization of knowledge management systems. Data visualization is one of the modern techniques for data representation. Agriculture yield, crop selection, soil composition can be represented in a visualization technique which will help the farmers for better understanding than representing the data in table or text. In this paper, a visualization of an agro knowledge mining approach which extracts knowledge from multiple ontology is proposed.
EFFECT OF POST-PROCESSING TECHNIQUE ON THE MECHANICAL, TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR AND SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS OF 3D-PRINTED ACRYLONITRILE STYRENE ACRYLATE PARTS
Authors: CAPTAN PRABAKARAN A. , SENTHIL P. , SATHIES T.
Published: May 2022

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is an extrusion-based three-dimensional (3D) printing technique that can find applications in communications, fashion, architecture, aerospace, automotive, medicine, and the education sector. The FDM printed part is affected by poor surface quality resulting from higher layer resolution and stair-stepping effects. Hence, this work aims at studying the effect of chemical treatment on the surface roughness, hardness, tensile strength, UV transmittance and tribological behavior of the acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA) parts printed by the FDM process. Two different solvents namely, acetone and dichloromethane are considered for improving the surface finish of the ASA parts. The chemical treatment reduces the surface roughness, tensile strength, wear rate and improves the hardness by dissolving the external surfaces of printed specimens. The maximum surface finish and lesser UV transmittance are achieved from the sample treated with acetone. The higher hardness and low wear rate are noticed on the samples treated with dichloromethane.
SURFACE MORPHOLOGY AND MACHINABILITY ASPECTS IN WIRE-EDM OF INCOLOY-800 SUPERALLOY: AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION AND MICROSTRUCTURE ANALYSIS
Authors: SINGH RAVI PRATAP , KATARIA RAVINDER , ABIDI MUSTUFA HAIDER , RANJAN SUDHIR , GUPTA ASHUTOSH KUMAR , AL-AHMARI ABDULRAHMAN
Published: May 2022

This study investigated various performance measures — material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (SR), and dimensional deviation (DD) — in wire cut electrical discharge machining of the Incoloy-800 superalloy under the effect of purposefully varied process inputs. Superalloys comprise a bright category of alloys that possess excellent mechanical strength at elevated temperatures, superior surface stability, magnificent creep resistance, and corrosion and oxidation resistance. Analysis of variance was performed to reveal influential and crucial inputs for machining measures; results were interpreted and modeled statistically. After conducting the experimental runs, the novel attempt has further been made to conduct the multi-response optimization with the desirability method and the teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm to develop the best process setting for optimizing all considered measures jointly. Furthermore, machined sample’s microstructure analysis was conducted with the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The optimized parametric setting was obtained as follows: pulse on time: 2 [Formula: see text]s, pulse off time: 4 [Formula: see text]s, peak current: 2 A, and wire feed rate: 5 m/min. Obtained experimental values for MRR, SR, and DD were 0.936 mm/min, 3.797 [Formula: see text]m, and 0.084 mm, respectively, with the combined desirability value of 0.601. Optimization values of MRR, SR, and DD through the TLBO method varied from predicted values by 3.01%, 6.86%, and 6.32%, respectively.
ACCURACY OF INTRAOPERATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY NAVIGATION IN ONE REGISTRATION SCAN FOR PEDICLE SCREW PLACEMENT IN ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS
Authors: Wu Meng-Huang , Wu Christopher , Lee Ching-Yu , Li Yen-Yao , Huang Tsung-Jen
Published: May 2022

Purpose:Pedicle screw insertion in a deformed and rotated pedicle in scoliosis is technically demanding. A multislice spiral intraoperative computed tomography (iCT)-guided navigation system can assist pedicle screw insertion. However, no studies have been performed to evaluate the pedicle diameter and accuracy of pedicle screw placement in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) using one scan iCT-guided navigation.

Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study. iCT was performed before screw insertion and after screw insertion. The pedicle diameters in all planned surgical levels were measured. A pedicle with a maximal diameter of less than 4 mm was considered narrow. A screw with a breach distance of [Formula: see text]2 mm was considered accurate.

Results:Twenty-nine consecutive patients with AIS received surgery with 415 pedicle screws inserted in 580 planned screw insertion pedicles. Twenty-five patients had been found to have narrow pedicles (86.2%). Overall, the screw accuracy rate was 98.6% (409/415). Thirty-eight screws were inserted in narrow pedicles and the screw accuracy was 84.2% (32/38). There were no major complications after screw insertion.

Conclusion:One scan iCT-guided navigation provides a high degree of safety and screw accuracy of 98.6% for pedicle screw placement in AIS.
PRICING AND HEDGING PREPAYMENT RISK IN A MORTGAGE PORTFOLIO
Authors: CASAMASSIMA EMANUELE , GRZELAK LECH A. , MULDER FRANK A. , OOSTERLEE CORNELIS W.
Published: May 2022

Understanding mortgage prepayment is crucial for any financial institution providing mortgages, and it is important for hedging the risk resulting from such unexpected cash flows. Here, in the setting of a Dutch mortgage provider, we propose to include nonlinear financial instruments in the hedge portfolio when dealing with mortgages with the option to prepay part of the notional early. Based on the assumption that there is a correlation between prepayment and the interest rates in the market, a model is proposed which is based on a specific refinancing incentive. The linear and nonlinear risks are addressed by a set of tradeable instruments in a static hedge strategy. We will show that a stochastic model for the notional of a mortgage unveils nonlinear risk embedded in a prepayment option. Based on a calibration of the refinancing incentive on a data set of more than thirty million observations, a functional form of the prepayments is defined, which accurately reflects the borrowers’ behavior. We compare this functional form with a fully rational model, where the option to prepay is assumed to be exercised rationally.
Finite basis problems for stalactic, taiga, sylvester and baxter monoids
Authors: Han Bin Bin , Zhang Wen Ting
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we show that all stalactic and taiga monoids of rank greater than or equal to 2 are finitely based and satisfy the same identities, that all sylvester monoids of rank greater than or equal to 2 are finitely based and satisfy the same identities and that all baxter monoids of rank greater than or equal to 2 are finitely based and satisfy the same identities.
An algorithm for constructing the two-direction Armlet multiwavelet
Authors: Wang Gang , Zhou Xiaohui
Published: May 2022

In this paper, an algorithm is discussed for constructing the two-direction Armlet multiwavelet. First, the definition of two-direction Armlet multiwavelet is presented in this paper. A two-direction multiwavelet can be changed to a special multi-wavelet. By Two-scale Similar Transform (TST), a transform can be taken on the two-scale matrix symbols of a two-direction multi-wavelets. This transform keeps the orthogonality of the two-direction multi-wavelets. However, the condition is discussed which the two-direction multi-wavelet corresponding to a two-direction multi-scaling function is an Armlet with order n. An approach is given for constructing the transform matrix. Finally, an example is given for discussing the two-direction Armlet multi-wavelet with order 2.
Generalized Displacement Control Analysi̇s and Optimal Design of Geometrically Nonlinear Space Structures
Authors: Goodarzimehr Vahid , Shojaee Saeed , Talatahari Siamak , Hamzehei-Javaran Saleh
Published: May 2022

In this work, the generalized displacement control (GDC) method is investigated, and an applicable version of the GDC is introduced to perform the nonlinear analysis stage of the optimization procedure. The GDC method utilizes two significant features, which are the selection of the load incremental parameter and considering all degrees of freedom of the structure. Using these advantages, it can cross the limited points and snap through back regions of the force-displacement curve and become self-adaptive to the path of the load direction. To show that the GDC method is applicable for solving real-engineering optimization problems, several space structures have been analyzed and, the optimization section is performed by an enhanced hybrid PSOGA algorithm. To enhance the hybrid PSOGA, a new formula for the inertia weight is introduced to make the search phase dynamic. The cross-sectional area of the elements is considered as the design variable and, the weight of the structural elements is taken into account as the objective function. The results of this study compared to those of other researches show that the GDC method can use the ultimate capacity of the structure under displacement and stress constraints and is suitable for optimization problems.
Notes on derived geometric formulations in physics
Authors: Berktav Kadri İlker
Published: May 2022

This is an overview on certain higher structural constructions in physics. Main motivations of our current attempt are as follows: (i) to provide a brief introduction to the basics of derived algebraic geometry, (ii) to understand how certain derived objects naturally appear in physics and give rise to a formal mathematical treatment, and (iii) to investigate how the notion of a factorization algebra together with certain higher categorical structures come into play to encode the structure of observables in physics. Adopting such a heavy and relatively enriched language allows us to formalize the notions of quantization and observables in quantum field theory as well. This document is organized to explain the underlying mathematical treatment for each task in an expository manner.
Spherically symmetric collapsing star with the background of dark energy
Authors: Verma Grishma , Kumar Rajesh , Mishra K. R.
Published: May 2022

In this work, we studied the gravitational collapse of a spherically symmetric radiating star consisting of perfect fluid (baryonic) in the background of dark energy (DE) with an equation of state [Formula: see text]. The effect of DE on the singularity formation has been discussed in two separate cases: first when only DE is present, and the other, with a combination of both baryonic and DE interaction. We have shown that DE component [Formula: see text] plays an important role in the formation of black hole (BH). In some cases, the collapse of radiating stars leads to BH formation, and in other cases, it forms naked-singularity (or, eternally collapse). This study is in itself a significant work to describe the effect of DE on singularity formation in radiating stars.
Anisotropic decoupled spheres in f(G,T) gravity
Authors: Sharif M. , Hassan K.
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to determine the anisotropic solutions for static spherically symmetric spacetime via gravitational decoupling technique in the context of [Formula: see text] gravity, where [Formula: see text] indicates the Gauss–Bonnet term and [Formula: see text] represents trace of the energy-momentum tensor. The additional source, present alongside the isotropic seed source in the sphere, induces anisotropy in the system. In order to decouple the two sources, we impose a minimal geometric deformation on the radial metric component which gives rise to two sets. The first array represents the isotropic system while the second set corresponds to the anisotropic structure. In order to determine the solution of first set, we use the metric potentials of the Tolman V spacetime while two solutions of the second set are extracted with the help of two constraints on the components of the additional source. These solutions are combined with the solution of the first set to formulate two extensions of Tolman V spacetime. The matching between the interior and exterior geometries yields the values of unknown constants. Furthermore, the viability and stability of the obtained solutions are checked for different values of the parameters. It is concluded that both solutions are viable and the first solution is stable as well, while the second solution shows unstable behavior.
Mathematical analysis of a Candida auris nosocomial infection model on the effects of misidentification in infection transmission
Authors: Lavanya R. , Shyni U. K.
Published: May 2022

The aim of this research paper is to model the effects of misidentification in the transmission dynamics of the super yeast, Candida auris (or C. auris), among patients receiving treatment in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs). The mathematical analysis is carried out by obtaining the reproduction number of the C. auris model using the next generation matrix and utilizing it as a threshold value to establish the local and global stability properties at the points of equilibria. The numerical investigations carried out in this paper establish the outcomes of the effect of variations in the values of important parameters on the dynamics of C. auris colonization and infections in the health care settings. The corresponding results from the numerical simulations are illustrated graphically.
Label-free breast cancer detection and classification by convolutional neural network-based on exosomes surface-enhanced raman scattering
Authors: Ma Xiao , Xiong Honglian , Guo Jinhao , Liu Zhiming , Han Yaru , Liu Mingdi , Guo Yanxian , Wang Mingyi , Zhong Huiqing , Guo Zhouyi
Published: May 2022

Because the breast cancer is an important factor that threatens women’s lives and health, early diagnosis is helpful for disease screening and a good prognosis. Exosomes are nanovesicles, secreted from cells and other body fluids, which can reflect the genetic and phenotypic status of parental cells. Compared with other methods for early diagnosis of cancer (such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA), exosomes have a richer number and stronger biological stability, and have great potential in early diagnosis. Thus, it has been proposed as promising biomarkers for diagnosis of early-stage cancer. However, distinguishing different exosomes remain is a major biomedical challenge. In this paper, we used predictive Convolutional Neural model to detect and analyze exosomes of normal and cancer cells with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). As a result, it can be seen from the SERS spectra that the exosomes of MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-10A cells have similar peaks (939, 1145 and 1380 cm[Formula: see text]). Based on this dataset, the predictive model can achieve 95% accuracy. Compared with principal component analysis (PCA), the trained CNN can classify exosomes from different breast cancer cells with a superior performance. The results indicate that using the sensitivity of Raman detection and exosomes stable presence in the incubation period of cancer cells, SERS detection combined with CNN screening may be used for the early diagnosis of breast cancer in the future.