bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effets d'état
Authors: Ghamroun Samer
Published: January 2015

Malgré un format institutionnel classique, l’État libanais ne présente pas la plupart des propriétés par lesquelles la sociologie politique caractérise le pouvoir étatique. Il figure ainsi régulièrement dans la liste des États faibles ou même en échec. Cet article remet en question la pertinence de cette qualification en comparant trois mobilisations de droits qui se sont déroulées au Liban ces dix dernières années (protection de l’enfant en danger, protection des femmes victimes de violences familiales, augmentation de l’âge de garde de l’enfant en faveur de la mère dans la communauté sunnite). Ces mobilisations ont eu lieu dans le domaine du droit de la famille où l’État n’a jamais mis en œuvre des politiques publiques centrales, laissant à chaque communauté religieuse une autonomie juridique et judiciaire importante. Ce travail conteste cette absence étatique présupposée en étudiant des transformations et des outputs inexplicables par le simple rapport de force entre acteurs des mobilisations et contre mobilisations. Ces effets d’État ne passent pas par les éléments traditionnels recherchés par la sociologie de l’action publique : des budgets, une bureaucratie, des règles centrales obligatoires. Il s’agit ici de formes originales d’étatisation par concurrence, par standardisation ou par synthèse entre aspirations juridiques opposées difficilement conciliables en dehors des institutions centrales.
L'autonomie de l'équilibriste
Authors: Baudot Pierre-Yves , Revillard Anne
Published: January 2015

Alors que les travaux sur la « politique des droits » menés dans le prolongement de ceux de Stuart Scheingold abordent la concrétisation des droits des individus à partir d’une focale sur l’arène judiciaire et les mobilisations qui l’entourent, cet article s’intéresse à l’action plus discrète et quotidienne des institutions administratives. Il prend appui sur la comparaison de deux institutions ayant pour mission de favoriser l’accès de leurs publics aux droits qui leur sont juridiquement reconnus, le Médiateur de la République et les Maisons départementales des personnes handicapées (MDPH). Toutes deux fonctionnent comme des intermédiaires institutionnels de la concrétisation des droits, dont l’action porte plus précisément sur la définition de l’éligibilité des individus aux droits auxquels ils prétendent. En amont, leur intervention est subordonnée à la soumission d’un dossier par des usagers et, en aval, l’effectivité des droits qu’elles défendent ou notifient dépend de l’action d’autres institutions. Médiateur et MDPH se trouvent donc dans une position d’interface entre les demandes des usagers et l’environnement institutionnel auquel elles donnent accès. Dans cette configuration, elles apparaissent comme des équilibristes, constamment soumises aux forces opposées de la défense des usagers d’un côté et de la préservation de l’administration de l’autre. Leur autonomie institutionnelle s’incarne dans leur capacité, toujours fragile, à intégrer les contraintes contraires de leur environnement et afficher l’autonomie de leurs décisions.
La différenciation des modèles standards urbains
Authors: Huré Maxime
Published: January 2015

Cet article questionne les facteurs politiques qui ont conduit à différencier les systèmes de vélos en libre-service en Europe à partir d’une comparaison transnationale entre les villes de Lyon et Barcelone. Loin de refléter un simple transfert de politiques publiques standards, la réception d’un dispositif de vélos en libre-service à Barcelone a suscité la construction d’un nouveau modèle économique et organisationnel. Les transformations du modèle lyonnais se sont opérées à partir du contexte politique et institutionnel local. L’article insiste sur la nécessaire prise en compte des variables politiques dans les processus de transfert. D’une part, la différenciation des systèmes de vélos en libre-service vise à assurer la légitimité des élus par rapport aux acteurs politiques et associatifs locaux, et par rapport aux entreprises du mobilier urbain. D’autre part, la différenciation permet de transformer le marché et l’organisation générale de la compétition que se livrent les villes sur la scène internationale. Les logiques de compétition ne sont ici pas incompatibles avec une territorialisation accrue de l’action publique urbaine.
La résilience des monarchies du Golfe dans un monde arabe en plein tumulte
Authors: Dazi-Héni Fatiha
Published: January 2015

La capacité d’adaptation et d’inventivité des régimes monarchiques arabes du Golfe, en particulier à travers les outils institutionnels et les arrangements au sein des dynasties, permet très souvent de dépasser les divisions intra-dynastiques, qui, si elles créent souvent tensions et crises, n’ont jamais débouché sur la disparition d’une de ces monarchies. Cependant, compte tenu des effets du Printemps arabe et aujourd’hui de la tendance baissière des prix du pétrole, observateurs et spécialistes se précipitent pour annoncer la fin prochaine de ces régimes. Nous montrons qu’au contraire le caractère résilient de ces derniers permet d’affirmer que, plus les menaces et les tensions s’exacerbent, plus le sentiment de solidarité et le pacte économique et de sécurité qui lient ces six monarchies dynastiques se renforcent.
Musées et soft power dans le Golfe persique
Authors: Kazerouni Alexandre
Published: January 2015

Comment comprendre ce changement d’image qui a vu l’ancienne Côte des pirates devenir un des nœuds de la mondialisation des musées, des compétitions sportives et des universités occidentales ? Certes, son pétrole et son gaz l’expliquent, mais ils ne répondent pas à eux seuls à cet étonnant constat. En tentant de déconstruire le discours qui les analyse comme outils d’un soft power , cet article vise à montrer que ces dispositifs d’accession à la visibilité internationale sont d’abord des plateformes légales d’élargissement à l’Occident du cercle des bénéficiaires de la redistribution de la rente pétrolière et gazière et, à ce titre, parties intégrantes d’un hard power .
De l'usine au Conseil d'État
Authors: Bugnon Fanny
Published: January 2015

L’élection de Joséphine Pencalet au conseil municipal de Douarnenez en 1925 permet d’interroger l’un des paradoxes des institutions et des partis politiques français à l’égard des femmes. Suivant une consigne de Moscou, le Parti communiste présente en effet plusieurs candidates aux scrutins municipaux de 1925, adoptant une posture de défiance envers les institutions, partis politiques et organisations féministes. Alors que les femmes sont dépourvues de droits politiques, les électeurs de ce port breton marqué par une forte conflictualité socio-politique désignent une ouvrière de trente-huit ans pour les représenter. Cette élection et son annulation reflètent les tensions et usages stratégiques des femmes dans le jeu politique, à la fois sur le plan local et national.
Résister ou négocier face au Japon
Authors: Serfass David
Published: January 2015

Le gouvernement de collaboration, fondé en 1940 par Wang Jingwei à Nankin au cœur de la zone occupée par l’armée japonaise, est l’aboutissement de longues négociations menées secrètement dès le début de la guerre. Une historiographie chinoise prompte à dénoncer la traîtrise des collaborateurs et l’hypocrisie des Japonais a longtemps fait une analyse téléologique de ce processus. Pourtant, l’étude de la période, allant du début des tractations en faveur de la paix en janvier 1938 jusqu’au départ pour la zone occupée de Wang en avril 1939, révèle que la mise en place de ce gouvernement est moins la réalisation d’un plan cohérent du début à la fin que le résultat de choix successifs pris dans le contexte incertain des premières années de la guerre.
Clasificación de los restos de la lengua guanche según su grado de integración en español
Authors: Morera Marcial
Published: January 2015

Desde el punto de vista de su mayor o menor integración en las estructuras fónicas, gramaticales y léxicas de la lengua española, las palabras y frases que se conservan en el habla canaria de la desaparecida lengua que hablaba la antigua población de las Islas pertenecen a tres clases radicalmente distintas: préstamos tradicionales, que entraron en el habla insular por vía popular; préstamos terminológicos, que entraron por vía culta; y glosas guanches, que son meras citas de palabras o frases de la lengua de los aborígenes canarios hechas por cronistas y eruditos.
Moros, cristianos y judíos bajo la corteza de un soneto de Góngora a la Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba
Authors: Waissbein Daniel
Published: January 2015

“Si ya la vista de llorar cansada” no es soneto amoroso, y no invoca en sus tercetos la mansión de campo de una mujer terrenal, de la que el poeta ha sido desterrado, sino la Catedral de Córdoba, dedicada a la Virgen María. Cercano en temática y expresión al más célebre “Oh excelso muro, oh torres coronadas”, esconde bajo sus versos una velada tristeza por el sino de quienes construyeron la Mezquita, y por la expulsión de los judíos de España presente en la alusión, tanto en el primer como en el último verso, a su exilio babilónico. Son aspectos que apuntan a la discreta compasión del autor por el destino contemporáneo de ambos pueblos, judío y musulmán.
Computer Science Education Research
Authors: Gomes Anabela de Jesus , Mendes António José , Marcelino Maria José
Published: January 2015

This chapter aims to present and summarize a variety of research areas that directly or indirectly have influenced Computer Science Education Research, particularly associated to the teaching and learning of programming. It is known that many students encounter a lot of difficulties in introductory programming courses. Possible reasons for these difficulties are discussed and some existing proposals in the literature are presented. Based on this discussion, the chapter also includes a description of work done at the University of Coimbra, trying to define more adequate pedagogical strategies for introductory programming courses. The results obtained and their implementation in a common undergraduate course are presented and discussed. The authors conclude that this new strategy makes learning more stimulating for the students, minimizes dropout intentions, and makes the students learn more and better. The chapter ends with suggestions of future research opportunities within the topic of teaching and learning of programming.
Open Source Social Networks in Education
Authors: Bitar Amine V. , Melki Antoine M.
Published: January 2015

Social computing systems such as Social Network Sites have become more powerful. In some universities, SNSs have been adopted as a communication method between teachers and students. In addition, educational institutions have started the initiative of using open source social networking application. This chapter discusses the benefits of adopting open source SNS in education. It is organized as follows: 1) a literature review to properly define the terms, 2) a discussion of the effect of open source social networking technologies on education systems, 3) an overview of Elgg, followed by a comparison with different social learning platforms, 4) a case study of implementing Elgg at the Computer Science Department at the University of Balamand, 5) an exhibition of the requirements for the Next Generation SCORM, 6) a case study using Tin Can API with open source SNSs (Elgg), and 7) a conclusion wrapping up the chapter.
Using Simulation Games in Teaching Formal Methods for Software Development
Authors: Korečko Štefan , Sorád Ján
Published: January 2015

Because of the current trend of massification of higher education, motivation of students is a serious issue, especially in courses closely related to mathematics. The ones that undoubtedly belong to this group are courses dealing with formal methods for software development, such as Z notation, B-Method, or VDM. The chapter shows how a customized simulation game can be used to bring a domain typical for utilization of formal methods, the railway domain, to students and thus motivate them to learn these sophisticated ways of software development. By means of two examples, it demonstrates that such a tool, despite its limited scope, can be used to teach a variety of concepts related to formal methods. It also discusses related approaches to teaching formal methods, describes the customized game and its application in teaching, and evaluates experience with the application.
An Effective Way to Teach Language Processing Courses
Authors: Pereira Maria João Varanda , Oliveira Nuno , da Cruz Daniela , Henriques Pedro Rangel
Published: January 2015

All of us that teach Language Processing topics are aware that a great part of the students face big difficulties and a lack of motivation inherent to the concept abstraction level and to the technical capacities required to implement efficient processors. In order to overcome this problem, a starting point is to identify the main concepts involved in Language Processing subject and to consider that a person learns when he/she is involved in a process. The authors argue that motivation is a crucial factor to engage students in the course work, and it is highly dependent on the languages used to work on during the course. Therefore, they discuss the characteristics that a language should have to be a motivating case study. The authors think that LP teachers should be very careful in their choices and be astute in the way they explore the underlying grammars along the course evolution.
A Sports Science Approach to Computer Programming Education
Authors: Neves M. Costa , Ramires M. , Carvalho J. , Piteira M. , Santos J. , Folgôa N. , Boavida M.
Published: January 2015

Learning computer programming is for most of the new students a difficult task. Besides the computer language learning of the syntax and all the aspects related with the compiler or the IDE environment, programming also has its artistic counterpart, where the individual personality is indissociable of the way he programs. Therefore, the main difficulties identified in students are closely related with aspects of their personality: self-confidence, resiliency, creativity, and autonomy. The sports science approach emerged naturally as all the authors were involved in high performance training for several years. The personality characteristics one needs to develop in students are similar to elite sports athletes in order to cope with the stress associated with their activity. In this chapter, the authors present a case study that took place at the Polytechnic Institute of Setubal with 28 students with different backgrounds and a workload of 8 hours per day.
Design a Computer Programming Learning Environment for Massive Open Online Courses
Authors: Queirós Ricardo
Published: January 2015

Teaching and learning computer programming is as challenging as it is difficult. Assessing the work of students and providing individualised feedback is time-consuming and error prone for teachers and frequently involves a time delay. The existent tools prove to be insufficient in domains where there is a greater need to practice. At the same time, Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) are appearing, revealing a new way of learning. However, this paradigm raises serious questions regarding the monitoring of student progress and its timely feedback. This chapter provides a conceptual design model for a computer programming learning environment. It uses the portal interface design model, gathering information from a network of services such as repositories, program evaluators, and learning management systems, a central piece in the MOOC realm. This model is not limited to the domain of computer programming and can be adapted to any area that requires evaluation with immediate feedback.
An Approximate Algorithm for Triangle TSP with a Four-Vertex-Three-Line Inequality
Authors: Wang Yong
Published: January 2015

Traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a classic combinatorial optimization problem. The time complexity of the exact algorithms is generally an exponential function of the scale of TSP. This work gives an approximate algorithm with a four-vertex-three-line inequality for the triangle TSP. The time complexity is O(n2) and it can generate an approximation less than 2 times of the optimal solution. The paper designs a simple algorithm with the inequality. The algorithm is compared with the double-nearest neighbor algorithm. The experimental results illustrate the algorithm find the better approximations than the double-nearest neighbor algorithm for most TSP instances.
Cutting Tool Crater Wear Measurement in Turning Using Chip Geometry and Genetic Programming
Authors: Zadshakoyan Mohammad , Pourmostaghimi Vahid
Published: January 2015

Tool wear prediction plays an important role in industry automation for higher productivity and acceptable product quality. Therefore, in order to increase the productivity of turning process, various researches have been made recently for tool wear estimation and classification in turning process. Chip form is one of the most important factors commonly considered in evaluating the performance of machining process. On account of the effect of the progressive tool wear on the shape and geometrical features of produced chip, it is possible to predict some measurable machining outputs such as crater wear. According to experimentally performed researches, cutting speed and cutting time are two extremely effective parameters which contribute to the development of the crater wear on the tool rake face. As a result, these parameters will change the chip radius and geometry. This paper presents the development of the genetic equation for the tool wear using occurred changes in chip radius in turning process. The development of the equation combines different methods and technologies like evolutionary methods, manufacturing technology, measuring and control technology with the adequate hardware and software support. The results obtained from genetic equation and experiments showed that obtained genetic equations are correlated well with the experimental data. Furthermore, it can be used for tool wear estimation during cutting process and because of its parametric form, genetic equation enables us to analyze the effect of input parameters on the crater wear parameters.
Risk Profiles in Individual Software Development and Packaged Software Implementation Projects
Authors: Hoermann Stefan , Schermann Michael , Aust Marco , Krcmar Helmut
Published: January 2015

The aim of this paper is to compare risk profiles of individual software development (ISD) and packaged software implementation (PSI) projects. While researchers have investigated risks in either PSI projects or ISD projects, an integrated perspective on how the risk profiles of these two types of information system (IS) projects differ is missing. To explore these differences, this work conducted a Delphi study at a German-based financial services company. The results suggest that: First, ISD projects seem to be more heterogeneous and face a larger variety of risks than the more straightforward PSI projects. Second, ISD projects seem to be particularly prone to risks related to sponsorship, requirements, and project organization. Third, PSI projects tend to be predominantly subject to risks related to technology, project planning, and project completion. Finally, in contrast to available lists of risks in IS projects and irrespective of the project type, the paper found a surprisingly high prominence of technology and testing-related risks.
Current State of Highway Projects Planning and Scheduling
Authors: Sharma Sunil , Bansal V. K. , Parti Raman
Published: January 2015

Highway projects involve huge capital investments and prolonged durations. A number of researchers have developed various computer-based tools and techniques to help planners prepare plans and schedules based on their specific needs. CPM is the predominant scheduling method used in construction industry. However, its inability to efficiently plan and schedule repetitive projects such as highways has widely been recognized. Linear scheduling method on the other hand, was specifically designed and developed for repetitive projects. The aim of this paper is to study various planning and scheduling methods discussed in the literature and evaluate their suitability for highway projects. On the basis of literature study, location based planning utilizing linear scheduling method seems to be the most logical and efficient way of planning highway projects for various reasons discussed in the paper. It is however a new concept and therefore has limited use in practice.
Analysis & Minimization of the Effect of Delay on Load Balancing for Efficient Web Server Queueing Model
Authors: Singh Harikesh , Kumar Shishir
Published: January 2015

Load balancing applications introduce delays due to load relocation among various web servers and depend upon the design of balancing algorithms and resources required to share in the large and wide applications. The performance of web servers depends upon the efficient sharing of the resources and it can be evaluated by the overall task completion time of the tasks based on the load balancing algorithm. Each load balancing algorithm introduces delay in the task allocation among the web servers, but still improved the performance of web servers dynamically. As a result, the queue-length of web server and average waiting time of tasks decreases with load balancing instants based on zero, deterministic, and random types of delay. In this paper, the effects of delay due to load balancing have been analyzed based on the factors: average queue-length and average waiting time of tasks. In the proposed Ratio Factor Based Delay Model (RFBDM), the above factors are minimized and improved the functioning of the web server system based on the average task completion time of each web server node. Based on the ratio of average task completion time, the average queue-length and average waiting time of the tasks allocated to the web server have been analyzed and simulated with Monte-Carlo simulation. The results of simulation have shown that the effects of delays in terms of average queue-length and average waiting time using proposed model have minimized in comparison to existing delay models of the web servers.
A Model-Based Exploration and Policy Analysis Related to Prostitution and Human Trafficking
Authors: Kővári András , Pruyt Erik
Published: January 2015

This paper presents a model-based exploration and policy analysis related to prostitution and prostitution-related human trafficking. After a brief introduction to prostitution and prostitution-related human trafficking, the paper zooms in on the Dutch situation. A System Dynamics simulation model related to the Dutch situation developed to explore and provide policy insights is subsequently presented. Using the simulation model, policies are first of all tested, and preliminary conclusions are drawn. These preliminary conclusions are further tested under deep uncertainty, using variants of the simulation models. The final conclusions are that supply side measures alone are counter-productive and that demand side measures are necessary but insufficient to solve prostitution-related human trafficking.
The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: From Mechanism to Translation
Authors: Han SeungHye , Mallampalli Rama K.
Published: January 2015

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a form of severe hypoxemic respiratory failure that is characterized by inflammatory injury to the alveolar capillary barrier, with extravasation of protein-rich edema fluid into the airspace. Although many modalities to treat ARDS have been investigated over the past several decades, supportive therapies remain the mainstay of treatment. In this article, we briefly review the definition, epidemiology, and pathophysiology of ARDS and present emerging aspects of ARDS pathophysiology that encompass modulators of the innate immune response, damage signals, and aberrant proteolysis that may serve as a foundation for future therapeutic targets.
A further evaluation of the sperm length in aleocharines (Coleoptera Staphylinidae)
Authors: De Marzo Luigi
Published: January 2015

and maximum values are respectively 100 μm for Aleochara intricata Mannerheim and 3.000 μm for Heterota plumbea (Waterhouse). E valuations for most species were carried out either on spermatozoa separated from the spermatheca or on bundles extracted from testes. Sperm length of Atheta inquinula was supposedly assumed as corresponding to that of the vasa deferentia. Conclusive diagrams show sperm length in some species to be disproportionate if compared with the size of the receptacle.
Presence of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera Drosophilidae) in Liguria (Italy)
Authors: Süss Luciano , Costanzi Mariella
Published: January 2015

The presence of Drosophila suzukii in Liguria (Italy) on strawberries and raspberries is reported.
Lepidoptera Tortricidae from SE European Russia with description of Ceratoxanthis saratovica sp. n.
Authors: Trematerra Pasquale
Published: January 2015

Faunistic data of some Lepidoptera Tortricidae collected in Southern Russian territory are reported; moreover, the new species Ceratoxanthis saratovica sp. n., from Saratov region is described. Externally C. saratovica resembles to Ceratoxanthis argentomixtana (Staudinger, 1870); in the male genitalia is closed to Ceratoxanthis iberica Baixeras, 1992.
Description of the larval stages of Dryokosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), with notes on their phenology
Authors: Viggiani Gennaro , Nugnes F.
Published: January 2015

The larval stages of Dryokosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu are described and illustrated. The terminal-instar larva shows marked variation in the mandibular asymmetry and in number and position of the respiratory spiracles. Notes on the larval phenology are given.
Preliminary observations on the use of low temperatures in the cultural heritage protection
Authors: Reguzzi Maria Cristina , Gariboldi S. , Chiappini E.
Published: January 2015

Each insect species has different temperature optima: the more this parameter deviates from these values the more the insect suffers negative consequences, up to the death. Temperature can be easily editable. Therefore, the application of low temperatures may represent a physical method for the protection of valuable cultural objects, alternative, for example, to chemical ones. In this paper we report laboratory tests results, carried out on Trogoderma inclusum LeConte (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), a species harmful to leather items such as bindings of books and mummies, in order to reach its control by applying low temperatures. The tests were conducted using specimens obtained from laboratorybreeding blocks maintained at 27 ± 2°C and 75 ± 5% R.H., in a temperaturecontrolled room of the Institute of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Piacenza. The aim of the tests was to determine the time necessary to obtain the total mortality of the different instars of development at temperatures of -10°C and -20°C. The insects, in the various instars of development of egg, larva, pupa and adult, were treated with low temperatures in two different ways: - inserting the Petri dishes containing the insects directly in the freezer without any protection, in order to obtain an immediate lowering of the temperature, and - inserting the Petri dish in a niche carved in an old book so that the lowering of the temperature is gradual. In some cases the insects were kept at +4°C for a time before the test to determine whether exposure to low temperature before treatment could induce a resistance to it. The results show that the method can be validly applied for cultural heritage objects protection, attacked by the species concerned.
A survey of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) occurring on olives in Tunisia
Authors: Mansour Rramzi , Mkaouar Rim , Lebdi Kaouthar Grissa , Suma Pompeo , Russo Agatino
Published: January 2015

A survey performed in 2009 within 52 Tunisian olive groves, located in 17 different olive-growing sites, revealed the occurrence of six scale insects on olives. The identified species were: the armoured scales Aspidiotus nerii Bouché, Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.), and Parlatoria oleae (Colvée), the soft scales Saissetia oleae (Olivier) and Filippia follicularis (Targioni Tozzetti) and the mealybug species Peliococcus cycliger (Leonardi). The soft scale F. follicularis is a new record for the Tunisian insect fauna. A mong these species, S. oleae was the predominant scale insect occurring throughout olive groves of northeastern Tunisia, whereas the mealybug P. cycliger was by far the most abundant species within olives groves of the Northwest region of Tunisia. However, P. oleae was the least abundant species, being present in only one olive-growing site in northeastern Tunisia. L arvae of the noctuid moth Eublemma scitula (Rambur) were reported feeding on S. oleae and the coccinellid Chilocorus bipustulatus L . was found feeding on both S. oleae and A. nerii. The two hymenopteran species Scutellista cyanea Motschulsky and Metaphycus spp. were recorded as the main parasitoids of S. oleae.
What Can the First 2 Months Tell Us About Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?
Authors: Christensen Jesse C. , Goldfine Laura R. , Barker Tyler , Collingridge Dave S.
Published: January 2015

Context

Substantial research has been conducted on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) to evaluate patient outcomes. However, little attention has been given to outcomes during the early phase of recovery and how early deficits affect both short- and long-term outcomes.

Objective

To identify relationships between demographic (age, sex, and body mass index [BMI]) and intraoperative (isolated ACLR versus primary ACLR + secondary procedures), and postoperative (range-of-motion [ROM] and peak isometric knee-extension force [PIF]) variables during the first 2 months after ACLR using self-reported outcomes.

Design

Cohort study.

Setting

Outpatient orthopaedic hospital.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 63 patients (38 men, 25 women; age = 33.0 ± 12.1 years; BMI = 26.3 ± 6.5 kg/m2) who underwent ACLR.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Demographic, intraoperative, and postoperative variables were collected at 1 and 2 months after ACLR and were compared with International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form scores at 1, 2, and ≥12 months.

Results

Significant relationships were identified between ≥12-month IKDC scores and the 1-month (Pearson correlation, r = 0.283, r2 = 0.08; P = .025) and 2-month (r = 0.301, r2 = 0.09; P = .017) IKDC scores. After controlling for other variables, we found that the PIF ratio measures at 1 and 2 months were positively associated with 1- and 2-month IKDC scores (P < .001) and BMI was negatively associated with both 1- and 2-month IKDC scores (P < .05). One-month IKDC scores were related to the 1-month difference in knee-flexion ROM (P = .04).

Conclusions

The IKDC scores during the first 2 months were positively correlated with patients' perceptions of function on long-term IKDC scores. It also appears that improvements in lower extremity strength and flexion ROM deficits were positively associated with short-term IKDC scores. Higher BMI was negatively associated with patients' perceptions of function on short-term IKDC scores.
Observations on the Biology of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) under Ambient Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Barde AA , Misari SM , Dike MC
Published: January 2015

Observations on the biology of Callosobruchus maculatus( Fab.) were carried out under ambient laboratory conditions. Pattern of oviposition, female adult longevity and F1 progeny emergence in Callosobruchus maculatus ( Fab. ) were observed. The results showed that over 60% of the total number of eggs was laid during the first 72 hours of the commencement of oviposition; however, oviposition rate and F1 adult emergence of the bruchids decreased with time thereafter. The maximum adult C. maculatus survival period was about ten days.Keywords: Callosobruchus maculatus, pattern of oviposition, female adult longevity and F1 adult progeny emergence
Multiday production of condensing organic aerosol mass in urban and forest outflow
Authors: Lee-Taylor J. , Hodzic A. , Madronich S. , Aumont B. , Camredon M. , Valorso R.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production in air masses containing either anthropogenic or biogenic (terpene-dominated) emissions is investigated using the explicit gas-phase chemical mechanism generator GECKO-A. Simulations show several-fold increases in SOA mass continuing for multiple days in the urban outflow, even as the initial air parcel is diluted into the regional atmosphere. The SOA mass increase in the forest outflow is more modest (~50%) and of shorter duration (1–2 days). The multiday production in the urban outflow stems from continuing oxidation of gas-phase precursors which persist in equilibrium with the particle phase, and can be attributed to multigenerational reaction products of both aromatics and alkanes, especially those with relatively low carbon numbers (C4–15). In particular we find large contributions from substituted maleic anhydrides and multi-substituted peroxide-bicyclic alkenes. The results show that the predicted production is a robust feature of our model even under changing atmospheric conditions and different vapor pressure schemes, and contradict the notion that SOA undergoes little mass production beyond a short initial formation period. The results imply that anthropogenic aerosol precursors could influence the chemical and radiative characteristics of the atmosphere over an extremely wide region, and that SOA measurements near precursor sources may routinely underestimate this influence.
Arctic low-level boundary layer clouds: in situ measurements and simulations of mono- and bimodal supercooled droplet size distributions at the top layer of liquid phase clouds
Authors: Klingebiel M. , de Lozar A. , Molleker S. , Weigel R. , Roth A. , Schmidt L. , Meyer J. , Ehrlich A. , Neuber R. , Wendisch M. , Borrmann S.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Aircraft borne optical in situ size distribution measurements were performed within Arctic boundary layer clouds with a special emphasis on the cloud top layer during the VERtical Distribution of Ice in Arctic clouds (VERDI) campaign in April and May 2012. An instrumented Basler BT-67 research aircraft operated out of Inuvik over the Mackenzie River delta and the Beaufort Sea in the Northwest Territories of Canada. Besides the cloud particle and hydrometeor size spectrometers the aircraft was equipped with instrumentation for aerosol, radiation and other parameters. Inside the cloud, droplet size distributions with monomodal shapes were observed for predominantly liquid-phase Arctic stratocumulus. With increasing altitude inside the cloud the droplet mean diameters grew from 10 to 20 μm. In the upper transition zone (i.e., adjacent to the cloud-free air aloft) changes from monomodal to bimodal droplet size distributions (Mode 1 with 20 μm and Mode 2 with 10 μm diameter) were observed. It is shown that droplets of both modes co-exist in the same (small) air volume and the bimodal shape of the measured size distributions cannot be explained as an observational artifact caused by accumulating data point populations from different air volumes. The formation of the second size mode can be explained by (a) entrainment and activation/condensation of fresh aerosol particles, or (b) by differential evaporation processes occurring with cloud droplets engulfed in different eddies. Activation of entrained particles seemed a viable possibility as a layer of dry Arctic enhanced background aerosol (which was detected directly above the stratus cloud) might form a second mode of small cloud droplets. However, theoretical considerations and model calculations (adopting direct numerical simulation, DNS) revealed that, instead, turbulent mixing and evaporation of larger droplets are the most likely reasons for the formation of the second droplet size mode in the uppermost region of the clouds.
Mercury vapor air–surface exchange measured by collocated micrometeorological and enclosure methods – Part I: Data comparability and method characteristics
Authors: Zhu W. , Sommar J. , Lin C.-J. , Feng X.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Reliable quantification of air–biosphere exchange flux of elemental mercury vapor (Hg0) is crucial for understanding the global biogeochemical cycle of mercury. However, there has not been a standard analytical protocol for flux quantification, and little attention has been devoted to characterize the temporal variability and comparability of fluxes measured by different methods. In this study, we deployed a collocated set of micrometeorological (MM) and dynamic flux chamber (DFC) measurement systems to quantify Hg0 flux over bare soil and low standing crop in an agricultural field. The techniques include relaxed eddy accumulation (REA), modified Bowen ratio (MBR), aerodynamic gradient (AGM) as well as dynamic flux chambers of traditional (TDFC) and novel (NDFC) designs. The five systems and their measured fluxes were cross-examined with respect to magnitude, temporal trend and correlation with environmental variables. Fluxes measured by the MM and DFC methods showed distinct temporal trends. The former exhibited a highly dynamic temporal variability while the latter had much more gradual temporal features. The diurnal characteristics reflected the difference in the fundamental processes driving the measurements. The correlations between NDFC and TDFC fluxes and between MBR and AGM fluxes were significant (R>0.8, p<0.05), but the correlation between DFC and MM fluxes were from weak to moderate (R=0.1–0.5). Statistical analysis indicated that the median of turbulent fluxes estimated by the three independent MM techniques were not significantly different. Cumulative flux measured by TDFC is considerably lower (42% of AGM and 31% of MBR fluxes) while those measured by NDFC, AGM and MBR were similar (<10% difference). This suggests that incorporating an atmospheric turbulence property such as friction velocity for correcting the DFC-measured flux effectively bridged the gap between the Hg0 fluxes measured by enclosure and MM techniques. Cumulated flux measured by REA was ~60% higher than the gradient-based fluxes. Environmental factors have different degrees of impacts on the fluxes observed by different techniques, possibly caused by the underlying assumptions specific to each individual method. Recommendations regarding the application of flux quantification methods were made based on the data obtained in this study.
Deposition and immersion mode nucleation of ice by three distinct samples of volcanic ash using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Schill G. P. , Genareau K. , Tolbert M. A.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Ice nucleation on volcanic ash controls both ash aggregation and cloud glaciation, which affect atmospheric transport and global climate. Previously, it has been suggested that there is one characteristic ice nucleation efficiency for all volcanic ash, regardless of its composition, when accounting for surface area; however, this claim is derived from data from only two volcanic eruptions. In this work, we have studied the depositional and immersion freezing efficiency of three distinct samples of volcanic ash using Raman Microscopy coupled to an environmental cell. Ash from the Fuego (basaltic ash, Guatemala), Soufrière Hills (andesitic ash, Montserrat), and Taupo (Oruanui euption, rhyolitic ash, New Zealand) volcanoes were chosen to represent different geographical locations and silica content. All ash samples were quantitatively analyzed for both percent crystallinity and mineralogy using X-ray diffraction. In the present study, we find that all three samples of volcanic ash are excellent depositional ice nuclei, nucleating ice from 225–235 K at ice saturation ratios of 1.05 ± 0.01, comparable to the mineral dust proxy kaolinite. Since depositional ice nucleation will be more important at colder temperatures, fine volcanic ash may represent a global source of cold-cloud ice nuclei. For immersion freezing relevant to mixed-phase clouds, however, only the Oruanui ash exhibited heterogeneous ice nucleation activity. Similar to recent studies on mineral dust, we suggest that the mineralogy of volcanic ash may dictate its ice nucleation activity in the immersion mode.
CH4 and N2O dynamics in the boreal forest–mire ecotone
Authors: Tupek B. , Minkkinen K. , Pumpanen J. , Vesala T. , Nikinmaa E.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. In spite of advances in greenhouse gas research, the spatiotemporal CH4 and N2O dynamics of boreal landscapes remain challenging, e.g., we need clarification of whether forest–mire transitions are occasional hotspots of landscape CH4 and N2O emissions during exceptionally high and low ground water level events. In our study, we tested the differences and drivers of CH4 and N2O dynamics of forest/mire types in field conditions along the soil moisture gradient of the forest–mire ecotone. Soils changed from Podzols to Histosols and ground water rose downslope from a depth of 10 m in upland sites to 0.1 m in mires. Yearly meteorological conditions changed from being exceptionally wet to typical and exceptionally dry for the local climate. The median fluxes measured with a static chamber technique varied from −51 to 586 μg m−2 h−1 for CH4 and from 0 to 6 μg m−2 h−1 for N2O between forest and mire types throughout the entire wet–dry period. In spite of the highly dynamic soil water fluctuations in carbon rich soils in forest–mire transitions, there were no large peak emissions in CH4 and N2O fluxes and the flux rates changed minimally between years. Methane uptake was significantly lower in poorly drained transitions than in the well-drained uplands. Water-saturated mires showed large CH4 emissions, which were reduced entirely during the exceptional summer drought period. Near-zero N2O fluxes did not differ significantly between the forest and mire types probably due to their low nitrification potential. When upscaling boreal landscapes, pristine forest–mire transitions should be regarded as CH4 sinks and minor N2O sources instead of CH4 and N2O emission hotspots.
Constraints on the applicability of the organic temperature proxies UK'37, TEX86 and LDI in the subpolar region around Iceland
Authors: Rodrigo-Gámiz M. , Rampen S. W. , de Haas H. , Baas M. , Schouten S. , Sinninghe Damsté J. S.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Subpolar regions are key areas to study natural climate variability due to their high sensitivity to rapid environmental changes, particularly through sea surface temperature (SST) variations. Here, we have tested three independent organic temperature proxies (UK'37, TEX86 and LDI) on their potential applicability for SST reconstruction in the subpolar region around Iceland. UK'37, TEX86 and TEXL86 temperature estimates from suspended particulate matter result in a substantial discrepancy with instrumental data, while long chain alkyl diols were below detection limit in most of the stations. In the northern Iceland basin sedimenting particles revealed a seasonality in lipid fluxes similar to that in the bulk flux and the net primary production, i.e. highest flux of alkenones and GDGTs were measured during late spring-summer, and late summer for long chain alkyl diols. The flux-weighted average temperature estimates had a significant negative (ca. 2.3 °C for UK'37) and positive (up to 5 °C for TEX86) offset with satellite-derived SSTs and the temperature derived from the underlying surface sediment. In contrast, sedimentary UK'37 estimates temperatures around Iceland correlate well with summer mean temperatures, while TEX86 derived temperatures correspond well with either annual or winter mean 0–200 m temperatures, suggesting a subsurface temperature signal. Anomalous LDI-SST values in surface sediments, and low mass flux of 1,13- and 1,15-diols compared to 1,14-diols, suggest that Proboscia diatom is the major source of long chain alkyl diols in this area rather than eustigmatophyte algae, and therefore the LDI cannot be applied in this region.
Modelling the effect of soil moisture and organic matter degradation on biogenic NO emissions from soils in Sahel rangeland (Mali)
Authors: Delon C. , Mougin E. , Serça D. , Grippa M. , Hiernaux P. , Diawara M. , Galy-Lacaux C. , Kergoat L.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. This work is an attempt to provide seasonal variation of biogenic NO emission fluxes in a sahelian rangeland in Mali (Agoufou, 15.34° N, 1.48° W) for years 2004–2008. Indeed, NO is one of the most important precursor for tropospheric ozone, and the contribution of the Sahel region in emitting NO is no more considered as negligible. The link between NO production in the soil and NO release to the atmosphere is investigated in this study, by taking into account vegetation litter production and degradation, microbial processes in the soil, emission fluxes, and environmental variables influencing these processes, using a coupled vegetation-litter decomposition-emission model. This model includes the Sahelian-Transpiration-Evaporation-Productivity (STEP) model for the simulation of herbaceous, tree leaf and fecal masses, the GENDEC model (GENeral DEComposition) for the simulation of the buried litter decomposition and microbial dynamics, and the NO emission model (NOFlux) for the simulation of the NO release to the atmosphere. Physical parameters (soil moisture and temperature, wind speed, sand percentage) which affect substrate diffusion and oxygen supply in the soil and influence the microbial activity, and biogeochemical parameters (pH and fertilization rate related to N content) are necessary to simulate the NO flux. The reliability of the simulated parameters is checked, in order to assess the robustness of the simulated NO flux. Simulated yearly average of NO flux ranges from 0.66 to 0.96 kg(N) ha-1 yr-1, and wet season average ranges from 1.06 to 1.73 kg(N) ha-1 yr-1. These results are in the same order as previous measurements made in several sites where the vegetation and the soil are comparable to the ones in Agoufou. This coupled vegetation-litter decomposition-emission model could be generalized at the scale of the Sahel region, and provide information where little data is available.