bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of nutrition counseling on nutritional status for breast cancer patients in dr. Sardjito Hospital, Indonesia
Authors: Susetyowati Susetyowati , Dwidanarti Sri Retna , Pangastuti Retno , Wulandari Hanifah , Faza Farah , Sanubari Nadira D'mas Getare
Published: December 2021

Background: Nutrition counseling in breast cancer (BC) patients show long-term adherence to a dietary pattern and effects on nutritional status and quality of life (QOL).Objective : We evaluated the effects of nutrition counseling for nutrients intake dan nutritional status improvement among breast cancer patients.Material and Methods: This research was conducted in a Pre-experimental design; one group pretest-postest design was conducted on 45 BC patients who underwent radiotherapy for five weeks in the Radiotherapy Unit, dr. Sardjito Hospital, Indonesia. Nutrition counseling was demonstrated by trained fieldworkers to 45 participants using a nutrition booklet for BC patients and a food model as an intervention technique. Continuous nutrition counseling was given three times: weeks 1, 3, and 5 of radiotherapy. We examined anthropometry, biochemical, physical, dietary, and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) questionnaire to obtain nutritional status.Results: Most of the participants had a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 (62.2%). After the participants were receiving nutrition counseling, there were increases in intake of energy, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E amounted 124.54 kcal, 8.12 g (p=0.01), 5.84 g, 234.43 mg, 0.042 mg, and 0.44 mg, respectively. Intake of fruits and vegetables improved on the first, third, and fifth week (1.44, 2.36, and 4.03 portion/day, respectively) (p=0.001). Handgrip strength (HGS) showed slight improvement (p=0.081). However, HGS ameliorated from 15.85 kgs in the early to 16.97 kgs in the end stage of therapy. Bodyweight decreased 0.28 kg; however, there are no changes in PG-SGA score, hemoglobin (Hb), and albumin levels.Conclusion: Nutrition counseling improves patients’ nutrition intake despite there is no significant alteration in nutritional status. In addition, nutrition counseling for breast cancer patients during radiotherapy is essential to maintain and improve nutrient intake and nutritional status. In the long-term period, it might be affected to improve quality of life.
Effects of soil nutrient amendments on growth and grain yield performances of quality protein maize grown under water deficit stress in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: ANJORIN Folake Bosede , ADEBAYO Adeyinka , OMODELE Taiwo , ADETAYO Adewale , ADEDIRAN James
Published: December 2021

Drought and poor soil fertility are major limitations to crop production, globally. To investigate the impacts of water deficit stress (WS) and soil nutrient amendment (SA) on growth and yield performances of maize. A two years factorial field study was carried out, using a quality protein maize (QPM) (ILE-1-OB) and a non QPM–drought tolerant check (TZPBSR-W) varieties in Ibadan. Treatments include; six fertilizer application rates; 50 and 100 (kg N ha-1) ofNPK-20-10-10, 10.7 kg N ha-1of Tithonia Poultry Compost (TPC), 50 N + 10.7TPC and 100 N + 10.7TPC (kg N ha-1), three WS; the control (FW), WS at vegetative stage (STR1), and WS at reproductive stage (STR2). Leaf area (LA) and grain yield (GY) were measured using standard procedures. From the results, across WS, LA ranged from STR1 (458.90 ± 12.4) to FW (598.81 ± 13.1 cm2), GY varied from STR2 (2.94 ± 0.2 t ha-1) to FW (6.59 ± 0.2 t ha-1), across fertilizers, LA varied from 0 N (397.65 cm2) to 100N + 10.7TPC (622.71 cm2) and 50 N + 10.7TPC (611.03 cm2), respectively. The GY varied from 0 N (2.37 t ha-1) to 100 N + 10.7TPC (5.82 t ha-1) and 50N + 10.7TPC (5.26 t ha-1). Drought stress reduced growth and GY performances of QPM, while SA with 50 kg N ha-1 of inorganic fertilizer and 10.7 kg N ha-1 of TPC enhanced growth and grain yield of maize under WS.
Inheritance of plant height, straw yield and flag leaf area in MBB x Gaviota durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cross
Authors: SALMI Manel , FELLAHI Zine El Abidine , BENBELKACEM Abdelkader , BENMAHAMMED Amar , BOUZERZOUR Hamenna
Published: December 2021

Plant height, straw mass and flag leaf area are recognized by physiologists as morphological markers of drought stress tolerance. Developing varieties intended for arid and semi-arid zones need to select for these traits. Understanding the genetic control of a given trait helps breeder to handle the segregating populations under study in a more efficient and consistent manner by choosing the best breeding method available to realize significant genetic advance. For this purpose, six generations: parents, F1, F2, BC1, BC2, derived from MBB x ‘Gaviota’ durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cross were grown to investigate the nature of gene action involved in the inheritance pattern of the three traits. The results indicated that the six-parameter model fitted the best the data related to the variability present in the generation means of the studied traits. Generation mean analysis indicated that non-allelic interactions were important factors controlling the expression of these characters with complementary type of gene action governing FLA and STW inheritance. High heritability estimates, moderate to high expected responses to selection, significant genetic correlations with grain yield and greater role of non-additive effects in controlling the inheritance of the three studied traits suggested that breeding methods exploiting both fixable and non-fixable components be applied to break unfavorable linkage and to accumulate useful genes in the base population, followed by mono-trait or index based selection in late advanced generations.
Influence of ozonised irrigation water on the morphological, bacteriological and sensory characteristics of ‘Saint-Pierre’ tomatoes grown in Algeria
Authors: BENALI Fouzia , RAMDANI Nadia
Published: December 2021

This article focuses on the study of the influence of ozonised water irrigation on the morphological, bacteriological and sensory characteristics of ‘Saint-Pierre’ tomatoes grown in Algeria. The results were compared with those irrigated with non-ozonised tap water called control of the same varietal type and grown under the same conditions. The work was carried out on seedlings of tomatoes grown and irrigated with ozonised water at different ozonisation times: 10- seconds, 20- seconds and 30-seconds, corresponding to lot I (tomato at 10-s), lot II (tomato at 20-s) and lot III (tomato at 30-s), respectively. Irrigation with ozonised water does not cause defects in shape, skin or colour of the fruits. They are, distinguished by a round shape, very red in colour, consistent and slightly acidic in taste. With good microbiological stability in accordance with the standard and good organoleptic quality except for the taste character of tomatoes at 30-seconds where a majority of evaluators estimated that ‘they were bland and no big difference for the other criteria analysed. In general, our results showed that the ozonisation of irrigation water improves the growth, development, vigour and yield of tomato plants without altering the marketability of the fruits. This process encourages the use of ozonised water in agriculture since it has a high added value from an environmental and economic point of view and it can be generalized to other crops.
Valorization of birch bark using a low transition temperature mixture composed of choline chloride and lactic acid
Authors: Jablonský Michal , Šima Jozef , Strižincová Petra , Hroboňová Katarína , Majová Veronika , Ház Aleš
Published: December 2021

This article presents the results obtained in the extraction of birch bark with a green solvent. A low transition temperature mixture (LTTM) consisting of choline chloride (ChCl) and lactic acid in a molar ratio of 1:1 was used as the solvent. Extraction was performed at 60°C and 80°C. At both temperatures, the effect of extraction time on the yield of the extracted substances was monitored. The yields reached were compared with those obtained in studies using common solvents such as ethanol, methanol, d-limonene, ethyl acetate, and others. The extract was quantitatively analyzed by HPLC-UV to determine betulin and betulinic acid (0.491–1.788 mg/g dry bark and 0.106–0.316 mg/g dry bark, respectively). Total phenolic content was determined spectrometrically using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and expressed as Gallic acid equivalents (GAE; 18.6–56.8 mg GAE/g dry bark). This study has shown that extraction with a green solvent composed of ChCl and lactic acid can be an effective method for extracting polyphenolic compounds from birch bark. The process for extracting triterpenes (betulin and betulinic acid) is less suitable compared to conventional methods using the mentioned organic extractants.
Changed Industrial Relationship by Offshoring Threat and Labor Share: An Empirical Game-Theoretic Analysis
Authors: Tamura Tetsuya , Tokumaru Natsuka
Published: December 2021

Research indicates that the labor share of the aggregate income has decreased steadily since the mid-1970s, i.e. when the globalization process began. This paper discusses the ways in which qualitative changes in globalization, coupled with increased offshoring, have changed industrial relationships. In our analysis, we consider a simple Nash bargaining model between employers and employees. Our model proposes the hypotheses that employees gain the power to increase their wages when employers do not have the option of offshoring. However, employees typically lose this power when employers possess an offshoring threat, culminating in wage deduction. Leveraging a panel set of data obtained from 18 OECD countries during the period 1975–2017, we have empirically confirmed these hypotheses by comparing the first phase of globalization—not characterized by an offshoring threat—with the second phase, which entails an offshoring threat. Our findings reveal that workers’ bargaining power, positively affects labor share in the first phase; however, it loses its effect in the second phase when offshoring exerts its negative effects on labor share. We conclude that a qualitative change in globalization with increased offshoring radically changed industrial relationship through the threat effect.
On the oscillation of nonlinear delay differential equations and their applications
Authors: Bazighifan Omar , Askar Sameh
Published: December 2021

The oscillation of nonlinear differential equations is used in many applications of mathematical physics, biological and medical physics, engineering, aviation, complex networks, sociophysics and econophysics. The goal of this study is to create some new oscillation criteria for fourth-order differential equations with delay and advanced terms

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The method is based on the use of the comparison technique and Riccati method to obtain these criteria. These conditions complement and extend some of the results published on this topic. Two examples are provided to prove the efficiency of the main results.
Fabrication and Characterization of the Electrospun Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibers Incorporated with the Extracted Fruit Peel Pectin and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Banitaba Seyedeh Nooshin , Khoshnama Arezou , Poursharifi Nazanin , Nasari Mina , Semnani Dariush , Jafari Maryam
Published: December 2021

Herein, pomegranate, orange, and cantaloupe peel pectins were extracted. Then, nanofibrous membranes of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/pectin with various ratios (70:30, 80:20, and 90:10) were fabricated by using a standard electrospinning procedure. In the next step, various concentrations of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofiller were introduced into the PVA/pectin electrospun fibers. Finally, the effects of pectin and ZnO ratios on morphology and mechanical characteristics of the electrospun fibers were evaluated. Based on the scanning electron microscopy images, thinner fibers were formed by an increase of the pectin and ZnO proportions in the electrospun fibers. According to the obtained Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), all extracted pectins were high methoxy. In addition, complexation between the PVA polymer chains, extracted pectins, and ZnO particles was confirmed by FTIR spectra. Moreover, increase of the pectin and ZnO ratios led to fabrication of fibers with superior mechanical strength and lower strain.
Disturbance Impacts of Logging on Ground Herbaceous Plant Species Richness, Diversity, and Composition of Lowland Rainforest of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Lamei Penniel , Attorre Fabio , Testolin Riccardo , De Sanctis Michele , Turia Ruth , Hitofumi Abe
Published: December 2021

The impact of logging activities on species richness, diversity, and composition of the ground herbaceous layer of the lowland forest of Papua New Guinea was analyzed. Data from the first multipurpose National Forest Inventory were collected in 52 plots from logged and unlogged low altitude forest on plains and fans (P) and forest on uplands (H) in Madang, West New Britain and Central Provinces. The abundance of 10,609 ground herbaceous plants classified in 174 species from 103 genera and 35 families. Based on importance values, Arecaceae was the dominating family in both logged and unlogged P forest type, while Urticaceae and Arecaceae were dominating respectively in logged and unlogged H forest type. At species level, Donax canniformis and Elatostema beccarii are dominating the P type, and Elatostema novoguineensis and Selaginella durvillei the H type. Analysis of species richness, diversity, and composition showed significant differences between the two types with the H type being richer and more diverse than P type. No differences emerged between logged and unlogged of both types, indicating that the current intensity of disturbance does not seem to have a significant impact on the ground herbaceous layer. Since herbaceous species are an important component of the tropical forest diversity, further inventories must be conducted along a wider elevation gradient to make these results more robust and better observe species turn over patterns and beta diversity.
Optimalisasi Pengereman Regeneratif dengan Perubahan Sudut Eksitasi pada Pulsa Tunggal
Authors: Kusumaningrum Nazila , Riyadi Slamet , Pratomo Leonardus Heru , Setyawan Florentinus Budi
Published: December 2021

Most of the energy is wasted into heat energy due to conventional braking, so an optimal braking strategy is needed. A Regenerative braking utilizes the kinetic energy of the engine into electrical energy by changing the function of an electric machine into a generator. The regenerative braking system uses a Switched Reluctance Machine (SRM) which has several advantages; simple construction, does not require maintenance, and return energy to the battery. The method that can be used in the regenerative braking system of the SRM is the change of excitation angle to produce the maximum peak phase current. This study aims to optimize regenerative braking by changing the angle (Î¸eks) using simple controls to produce energy that is greater than the battery voltage so that current may flow to the battery when braking occurs. The results of the analysis for method implementation were proven by testing the devices in the laboratory. Â Based on the results of the tests, the exact angle was obtained, namely the value of Î¸eks = 20Âº and the value of Î¸kom = 170Âº with an initial speed of 1822 RPM, reduced into 1522 RPM by braking process, which could produce a peak current of 12,5 A and a current flowing to the battery was 5A.
Otomatisasi Sistem Fertigasi Tetes untuk Tanaman Berbasis Mikrokontroler
Authors: Rosma Iswadi Hasyim , Sukma Dian Yayan , Solihin Ikhram Minata
Published: December 2021

The process of manual fertilization and irrigation of plants has disadvantages such as it requires human labor and is inefficient in the use of fertilizers and water sources. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to design and develop an automatic fertigation system. The method used in this research is a drip fertigation technique where the fertigation liquid that has been stirred is placed in a tank with 100 cm height from ground. With the gravitational force, the fertigation liquid is distributed through pipes, hoses and emitters around the plant. While the control system and automation of fertigation distribution to plants is carried out based on a microcontroller that need the condition of soil moisture values around the plant. If the watering time and humidity values are met, the electronic valve will open so that the fertigation liquid flows from the tank to the plants. Furthermore, in this study the tests were carried out to determine the uniformity coefficient and debit of drip fertigation. From the results, it shows that the emitter’s debit influenced by the liquid level in the tank. The uniformity coefficient obtained in the two tests is greater than 90%. From the two tests carried out from the moisture sensor 1 and 2, it shows the mean percentage error for both sensor is less than 1.7%, while the percentage error of soil moisture sensor 1 is 1.6% and the percentage error of soil moisture sensor 2 is 1%, respectively. Meanwhile, from the ultrasonic sensor testing it was obtained 0% of error. It also shows from the testing conducted that the fertigation system works very well and successfully.
Q fever and early pregnancy failure: a Scottish case–control study
Authors: Wheelhouse Nick , Kemp Sadie , Halliday Jo E B , Tingas Efstathios Alexandros , Duncan W Colin , Horne Andrew W
Published: December 2021

Lay summary

Q fever is a bacterial disease that passes between animals and humans and causes disease in both. The disease has been associated with pregnancy complications including miscarriage. This study was undertaken to identify if Q fever exposure was correlated with miscarriage in 369 women attending a pregnancy support unit in Edinburgh. The women in the study were in two groups, the miscarriage group with 251 women who had experienced a miscarriage and a control group of 118 women who had not experienced miscarriage. Three women were found to be positive for Q fever antibodies, suggesting that they had previously been exposed to the infection and all of them were from the group who had experienced miscarriage. The study indicates that Q fever is relatively rare in women attending an urban Scottish hospital suggesting that the infection is not a major cause of miscarriage in this population. However, as Q fever antibodies could only be found in women within the miscarriage group, it suggests that the infection cannot be ruled out as a potential cause of miscarriage in individual cases.
Species Composition and Susceptibility to Antibiotics of Microorganisms Isolated from Tooth Sockets of Extracted Teeth in Cases of Alveolar Osteitis
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Malanchuk V.O. , Javadiasl A. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Rybachuk A.V. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Oblap M.V. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Potochilova V.V. ,   Kyiv Regional Clinical Hospital
Published: December 2021

Alveolar osteitis (AO) is one of the most common infectious complications after dental extractions. The data on the species composition of AO pathogens and their susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs can be the basis for their empirical use in case of inflammatory process aggravation. Objective. To determine the species composition and susceptibility to the antimicrobial agents of microorganisms, which were detected in patients with AO, who sought medical help in the oral surgery department of the dental medical center of Bogomolets National Medical University. Methods. Throughout 2018–2021, microbiological examination of tooth sockets from 30 patients with AO and 20 patients without AO was performed. The studied biological material was plated on appropriate nutrient media for isolation of aerobic, facultative and obligate-anaerobic microorganisms. Anaerobic conditions were achieved in GENbox 7.0 L and GENbox 2.5 L aerostats using GENbox anaerobic packages (“Biomerieux”, France). The genus and species identity of the bacteria were determined according to Bergey. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated strains was determined by disk diffusion method. Results. It was found that most commonly microorganisms from tooth sockets in case of AO are: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., and Candida species, as well as their mixed cultures of 3–5 species of microorganisms. These aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria were susceptible to amoxicillin, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin in 92.6–100% of cases. The growth of anaerobic bacteria in 100% of cases was inhibited by colistin and meropenem. Conclusions. AO developing is caused by pathological colonization of socket of the extracted tooth by representatives of endogenous microbiota, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, which are present mainly in the mixed cultures with Candida albicans. For empirical antibiotic therapy of complicated forms of AO, amoxicillin or ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin in complex with colistin or meropenem should be used, since these drugs suppress the growth of 92.6–100% of strains of aerobic, facultative and obligate anaerobic microorganisms, which are potential pathogens of the purulent forms of AO.
СУЧАСНІ ІННОВАЦІЇ В КОНТЕКСТІ ПЕРЕХОДУ ДО ЦИРКУЛЯРНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ
Authors: Бобров Євгеній
Published: December 2021

Вступ. Актуальними загрозами існування людства є ядерна війна, екологічний колапс і технологічний прорив, які тісно пов’язані як з політикою безпеки, так і з розвитком економіки.Проблематика. Діюча у світі економічна система використовує за рік такий обсяг ресурсів, для відновлення яких необхідно щонайменше півтора року, здійснюючи таким чином незворотній вплив на екосистему планети.Мета. Розкрити основні тенденції, пов’язані з переходом до економіки циркулярного типу.Матеріали й методи. Використано методи аналізу й синтезу, порівняльного аналізу та системного підходу. Матеріалами слугували наукові доповіді міжнародних організацій, приватних і публічних компаній, публікації, присвячені зазначеній проблематиці.Результати. Зростання світового ВВП забезпечило суттєвий прогрес і дозволило, певною мірою, звільнитися відзубожіння мільярдам людей. При цьому економічне зростання спричинює постійне підвищення попиту на природніресурси. Це, у свою чергу, призводить до втрати біорізноманіття та проблем дефіциту води, які обумовлюються методами, що застосовуються в ході видобутку та переробки природних багатств. Для розбудови циркулярної економіки, яка є нейтральною для клімату, започатковуються відповідні політичні ініціативи, розробляються програмні дії.Трансформація вже триває, проте концептуальні рішення необхідно розробляти та приймати якнайшвидше.Висновки. Політика та економіка мають бути спрямовані на те, щоб діяльність, яка сприяє перетворенню суспільства на більш екологічно чисте, ставала економічно вигідною. Найбільш очевидним кроком має стати заборона субсидування будь-якої діяльності, що шкодить навколишньому середовищу. В Україні існують широкі можливості для трансформації домінуючої моделі лінійної економіки в екологічно й економічно ефективну циркулярну модель. Розвиток циркулярної економіки в країні може забезпечити не тільки позитивний екологічний ефект і дати помітнийеко номічний ефект від підвищення енерго- та ресурсної ефективності, а також соціальний ефект від створення додаткових робочих місць, отримання прибутку компаніями в нових галузях і видах діяльності.
РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ НОВИХ КОНСТРУКТИВНИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ГАЗООХОЛОДЖУВАЧІВ АТОМНИХ І ТЕПЛОВИХ ЕЛЕКТРОСТАНЦІЙ З ПІДВИЩЕНОЮ ОПІРНІСТЮ КОРОЗІЙНО-МЕХАНІЧНОМУ РУЙНУВАННЮ
Authors: Хома Мирослав , Нарівський Олексій , Винар Василь , Рацька Надія , Мардаревич Роман , Корній Сергій , Василів Христина , Чучман Мар'ян
Published: December 2021

Вступ. Необхідність підвищення експлуатаційних характеристик газоохолоджувачів, які контактують з вибухонебезпечним середовищем, виникає в енергетичній промисловості для забезпечення надійної роботи турбогенераторів.Проблематика. Під час експлуатації теплообмінного обладнання важливими проблемами, що вимагають постійного вдосконалення устаткування, є локальна корозія, наводнювання та ін., зокрема, стикових з'єднань трубок з трубними дошками, яке характеризується зародженням і розвитком тріщин під впливом одночасної дії механічних напружень та корозивного середовища. Виникнення тріщин сприяє розгерметизації цих з'єднань, що призводить доаварійної зупинки турбогенератора.Мета. Розробка нової конструкції ущільнювальних з'єднань теплообмінних трубок та трубної дошки газоохолоджувачів для атомних та теплових електростанцій з підвищеною корозійною тривкістю, опірністю корозійно-механічному та водневому руйнуванню.Матеріали й методи. Випробовували зразки із сталі 09Г2С, міді М2, сталі 09Г2С з плакованим шаром міді М2, мельхіору МНЖМЦ 30-1-1, латуні Л68 методом вакуумної екстракції водню за підвищених температур, корозійновтомним, металографічним, рентгеноспектральним та ін.Результати. Розроблено новий конструктивний елемент газоохолоджувачів із підвищеними характеристиками, основою якого є зварно-вальцьоване з’єднання мідної трубки із плакованою міддю трубною дошкою, що не викликає деформації конструкції та щілиноутворення. Дослідження впливу різних режимів розвальцювання таких з'єднань наїх опірність руйнуванню за одночасного впливу циклічних навантажень і середовища показали, що із збільшенням ступеня розвальцювання мідних трубок Ø19 × 1,5 і Ø19 × 1 мм зростає період зародження тріщин і довговічність комбінованих з’єднань підвищується приблизно у ~1,5 рази.Висновки. Розроблений новий конструктивний елемент забезпечує зниження ймовірності корозійно-механічного руйнування деталей теплообмінного обладнання та сприяє подовженню терміну його безаварійної експлуатації.
AN EFFECTIVE BIOSORBENT DERIVED N EFFECTIVE BIOSORBENT DERIVED FROM PRODUCTION WASTE ROM PRODUCTION WASTE FOR WATER TREATMENT: STUDYING OR WATER TREATMENT: STUDYING THE ADSORPTION OF SYNTHETIC DYES HE ADSORPTION OF SYNTHETIC DYES
Authors: Yelatonsev Dmytro , Mukhachev Anatoliy , Ivanyuk Olena
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Eco-friendly disposal of food waste, in particular, nutshells and fruit kernels, is an important issue to ensure sustainable nature management. These secondary raw materials are the source of valuable polymeric materials, cellulose and lignin.Problem Statement. IGiven the capacity of the food industry in Ukraine and the amount of waste produced, the development of technologies for processing lignin-cellulose biomass is an important research and practical issue.Purpose. The purpose of this research is to study the adsorption properties of chemically modified biosorbent based on plant materials concerning synthetic dyes of different types and classes; to assess the feasibility of biosorbent production and efficiency of its application in water treatment.Materials and Methods. Lignocellulose sorbent (LCS) has been synthesized from non-wood raw materials by chemical modification with the use of phosphoric acid with the addition of urea in an aqueous media. The Fourier transform infrared and standard methods of plant raw material analysis have been used to determine the physicochemical characteristics of LCS. The adsorption of anionic (methyl orange, alizarin red S, eosin Y), cationic (methylene blue, neutral red), and nonionic (aniline yellow) dyes on LCS from aqueous solution has been studied in the batch mode.Results. The adsorption capacity of LCS towards cationic dyes (47.0–53.3 mg/g) is higher than that of anionic (22.2–36.9 mg/g) and nonionic (4.7 mg/g) ones. The adsorption kinetics have been adequately described by a pseudo-second-order equation. Adsorption of all classes of dyes on LCS is thermodynamically feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic process. The liquid by-product of LCS production contains 15% nitrogen and 10% phosphorus, so it may be used as a fertilizer.
Conclusions. The proposed method for processing food waste provides obtaining effective sorbent and liquid NP-fertilizer. LCS removes both cationic and anionic pollutants from water, so it may be considered a promisingbiosorbent for water purification.
Modelling of Phase Formation in Solid–Solid and Solid–Liquid Interactions: New Developments
Authors: Gusak A. M. , Storozhuk N. V.
Published: December 2021

Recent developments (after 2016) in modelling of phase formation during solid–solid and solid–liquid reactions by SKMF (Stochastic Kinetic Mean-Field) method, Monte Carlo simulation and phenomenological modelling are reviewed. Reasonable results of multiphase reactive diffusion modelling demonstrating distinct concentration plateau for each intermediate ordered compound and distinct concentration steps between these phases are obtained by the SKMF and Monte Carlo methods, if one takes into account interatomic interactions within two coordination shells and if the signs of mixing energies are ‘minus’ for the first coordination shell and ‘plus’ for the second one. Second possibility for reasonable modelling results is consideration of interatomic interactions depending on local concentration with maxima around stoichiometric composition. In phenomenological modelling, the generalization of Wagner diffusivity concept and respective superposition rule are introduced. New mechanism of the lateral grain growth in the growing phase layers during reactive diffusion is suggested. Anomalously fast grain growth at the final stages of soldering in sandwich-like Cu–Sn–Cu contacts is reported and explained. Simple model of Zn-additions’ influence on the Cu–Sn reaction is described.
Thermodynamic Calculation of Fe–N and Fe–Ga Melting Diagrams at Pressures from 0.1 MPa to 7 GPa
Authors: Turkevych V. Z. , Rumiantseva Yu. Yu. , Hnatenko I. О. , Hladkyi I. O. , Sadova Yu. I.
Published: December 2021

This paper presents results of melting-diagrams’ calculations for the Fe–N and Fe–Ga systems at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) and at high pressures (3, 5, and 7 GPa). Thermodynamic calculations are performed within the models of phenomenological thermodynamics. As shown, the increase of pressure results in destabilization of high-temperature b.c.c.-Fe modification in Fe–N system and stabilization of Fe4N equilibrium with the liquid phase. In Fe–Ga system, the intermetallic compounds Fe3Ga, Fe6Ga5, Fe3Ga4, and FeGa3 retain their stability up to pressure of 7 GPa. The stabilization of Fe4N equilibrium with the liquid phase at high pressures indicates that the Fe4N can be a competing phase in the gallium-nitride crystallization from the Fe–Ga–N system melt.
Cobalt–Niobium-Carbide Eutectic Alloys for Increasing the Service Life of Gas Turbine Engines
Authors: Dmitrieva G. P. , Cherepova T. S. , Pryadko T. V.
Published: December 2021

This article represents the stages of the creation of new serial wear-proof and heat-resistant (at temperatures up to 1100 °C) cobalt–Nb-carbide cast eutectic alloys of the KhTN (XTN) grade at the G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics of the N.A.S. of Ukraine, comparing them by their main properties, and use in aircraft engine engineering.
Advances in the Post-coronary Artery Bypass Graft Management of Occlusive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Rahman Mohammed Shamim , de Winter Ruben , Nap Alex , Knaapen Paul
Published: December 2021

Revascularisation of chronic total occlusion (CTO) represents one of the most challenging aspects of percutaneous coronary intervention, but advances in equipment and an understanding of CTO revascularisation techniques have resulted in considerable improvements in success rates. In patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, additional challenges are encountered. This article specifically explores these challenges, as well as antegrade methods of CTO crossing. Techniques, equipment that can be used and reference texts are highlighted with the aim of providing potential CTO operators adequate information to tackle additional complexities likely to be encountered in this cohort of patients. This review forms part of a wider series where additional aspects of patients with prior CABG should be factored into decisions and methods of revascularisation.
Invasive Haemodynamic Assessment Before and After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation: A Guide to Current Practice
Authors: Gonzalez Jesus , Callan Paul
Published: December 2021

Mechanical circulatory support for the management of advanced heart failure is a rapidly evolving field. The number of durable long-term left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantations increases each year, either as a bridge to heart transplantation or as a stand-alone ‘destination therapy’ to improve quantity and quality of life for people with end-stage heart failure. Advances in cardiac imaging and non-invasive assessment of cardiac function have resulted in a diminished role for right heart catheterisation (RHC) in general cardiology practice; however, it remains an essential tool in the evaluation of potential LVAD recipients, and in their long-term management. In this review, the authors discuss practical aspects of performing RHC and potential complications. They describe the haemodynamic markers associated with a poor prognosis in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and evaluate the measures of right ventricular (RV) function that predict risk of RV failure following LVAD implantation. They also discuss the value of RHC in the perioperative period; when monitoring for longer term complications; and in the assessment of potential left ventricular recovery.
Self-Employment in the Non-Observed Economy and Its Impact on Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Reznik Galina A. , Korobkova Natalia A.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The study was motivated by the ambiguity in assessing the impact of self-employment on economic growth, especially in terms of non-observed self-employment. According to the research hypothesis, informal self-employment contributes to economic growth. Based on the results of the study conducted, the article summarizes and systematizes the theoretical views of scientists on the assessment of the nature of the impact of informal self-employment on economic growth.

Materials and Methods. Scientific papers published in 2000–2020 in journals indexed by Scopus and Web of Science formed the theoretical basis of the study. The choice of this time period was justified by significant changes in the labor market caused by the increase in the number of self-employed people. The key method employed was meta-analysis of empirical research papers on the issues under study. This method makes it possible to generalize, evaluate, and analyze the results of empirical research, objectively identifying the regularities existing between research results and sources of disagreement.

Results. An analysis of the essence of the concept of non-observed economy has been presented; the peculiarity of informal self-employment, as part of the non-observed economy, has been revealed. The points of view on the impact of the non-observed economy on economic growth have been considered; arguments from both points of view and the results of research on different countries, including Russia, have been presented. It has also been shown which research methods were used by various authors to assess the dependence of shadow self-employment. The studies that have the greatest effectiveness and universality in terms of possible practical use of the results obtained have been highlighted. The prerequisites and features of the formation of informal self-employment have been identified, its impact on economic growth has been estimated.

Discussion and Conclusion. Recommendations for further theoretical and methodological research of the considered issues have been produced. The conclusions and results obtained can be useful in the further development of the Russian system of regulating the activities of self-employed people, since its effective construction requires scientific study and methodological substantiation of various options for its development using the experience of other countries.
Effective Use of Human Capital in the Context of Sustainable Development of the Region
Authors: Uskova Tamara V. , Babich Lyubov V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Sustainable development is Russia's strategic goal at the national and regional levels. Currently, its key factor is innovation, which, in turn, is determined by the availability of sufficient amount of human capital, it being a set of knowledge, skills and abilities, including the ability of a person to generate ideas, create innovations, and bring them to production. Although Russia has a fairly large amount of human capital, its economy is experiencing difficulties in shifting to the innovation-driven model. Based on the conducted research, the article evaluates effectiveness of the use of human capital and analyzes the causes of the existing contradiction.

Materials and Methods. The theoretical foundations of the study include the works of Russian and foreign academic economists, generalization and critical analysis of which made it possible to show the indirect impact of human capital on sustainable development. Based on data from the Russian Federal State Statistics Service, its territorial offices and the Analytical Center under the Government of the Russian Federation, the efficiency of the use of human capital by Russian regions was calculated employing the index method and it was compared with the level of the socio-economic development.

Results. The level of innovation activity in Russia’s regions remains low. Innovation has not become a driving force for sustainable development. One of the reasons for this is low effectiveness of the use of human capital. Calculations of this indicator, carried out according to the adopted methodology, make it possible to conclude that Russia’s regions use slightly more than half of the accumulated human capital. Consequently, there are reserves for boosting innovation activity. Indirectly, this is evidenced by the comparison of the level of socio-economic development of the region and the index of effectiveness of the use of human capital.

Discussion and Conclusion. The conducted research makes it possible to conclude that increasing effectiveness of the use of human capital will contribute to the growth of innovation in the economy of the regions and thereby facilitate the transition to the model of sustainable development.
Geography of Tourist Flows in the Republic of Mordovia
Authors: Zhulina Marina A. , Kitsis Vyacheslav M.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The topic is of relevance due to the need to study tourist flows in terms of the geography of tourist trips in order to analyze and compare the directions of the flows. The problem is that the authorities responsible for tourism management in the region and tourism organizations do not always pay due attention to the geography of the tourist flow and to its optimization in terms of the interests of the region itself. At the same time, the identified trends can be taken into consideration in order to improve and increase the efficiency of the tourism industry in the region and when making managerial decisions in the tourism sector. Based on the results of the study conducted, the article characterizes the travel destinations of Mordovian tourists, reveals trends, and proposes measures to solve the identified problems.

Materials and Methods. The materials on the development of tourism in the Republic of Mordovia published by the Territorial Body of the State Statistics Service in the Republic of Mordovia for the period from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed; data from the Digital Tourism service run by MegaFon mobile phone operator were also examined. The methods of mathematical statistics employed made it possible to calculate the changes in the relative and absolute indicators of the geography of the tourist flow in the republic over a ten-year period. To identify the geography of the regional tourist flow, the methods of analysis and generalization were used, which made it possible to identify the features of the internal and external tourist flows of people living in Mordovia.

Results. An analysis of the dynamics and placement of inbound and outbound tourism has been carried out; the volume of the tourist flow has been considered; the features of the geography of the tourist flows have been considered; the problems that hinder the more effective development of tourism in the republic have been revealed. The measures aimed at improving the efficiency of tourism activities in the region have been proposed.

Discussion and Conclusion. The study made it possible to identify the main trends in the geography of the tourist flows of residents of Mordovia, as well as the causes and features of the ongoing transformations. The results of the study can contribute to the elaboration of an effective program for the development of tourism in the republic, to the adoption of productive managerial decisions in the field of tourism in the region, and to optimization of the geography of the tourist flows.
Schoolchildren’s Health Preservation Habitus: From the Family Model to the National One
Authors: Ershova Guzel N.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The family forms the habitus of the child's health-preserving behavior: the presence or absence of bad habits, involvement in sports, food preferences, and the attitude to disease prevention. The article, based on the conducted research, identifies the dependence of various parameters of the health of school-age children on the socio-biological well-being of the family, its lifestyle, life support conditions that contribute to the implementation of family health-preserving practices.

Materials and Methods. The research materials used were the data from a survey conducted in 2019 by the Center for Family and Demography Center of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences among parents of students of lyceums, grammar schools, and general education schools, including those with in-depth study of specific subjects (city of Kazan, Arsk and Chistopol municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan). The total population of parents of students was 433,706 people, the selection was 325 people. The value, social activity, and generation approaches within the sociological discourse on health issues are aimed at identifying the social determinants of various parameters of adolescent health and their health preservation habitus.

Results. The study has identified a number of factors that determine the lifestyle of modern schoolchildren and have a negative impact on their health in the context of significant academic loads, intensification of the educational process, and involvement in intense extra-curricular activities: non-compliance with age regulations of the daily routine; low motor activity; unsatisfactory organization and deterioration of the quality of nutrition in the family; habitus of parents’ behavior, not focused on health preservation.

Discussion and Conclusion. The conducted research provides scientific substantiation of and emphasizes the need for measures aimed at increasing physical activity and healthy nutrition of both younger and older schoolchildren in the context of the demographic crisis. Practical application of the conclusions drawn in this study involves formulation of proposals for improving the effectiveness of managerial decisions taken by ministries and departments of the Republic of Tatarstan.
Social and Legal Aspects of the Professional Status of Trustees in Bankruptcy in the Context of the Reform of the Institution of Bankruptcy in the Russian Federation
Authors: Polutin Sergey V. , Motkin Roman V. , Motkin Vladislav N.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The relevance of the research consists in expanding theoretical developments in the field of economic sociology, particularly, in prognosticating changes in the social and legal aspects of the professional status of trustees in bankruptcy in the context of the State Duma's consideration of the draft law No. 1172553-7 “On Amendments to the Federal Law ‘On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)’ and to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation”. Based on the results of the conducted research, the article identifies potential changes in the socio-professional status of a trustee in bankruptcy in the event the new law is adopted and enacted.

Materials and Methods. The information base of the study included a secondary analysis of the array of statistical data on the results of insolvency proceedings in 2016-2020 in the Russian Federation (including the regional context), as well as a secondary analysis of the latest domestic legal framework governing the activities of the institution of bankruptcy.

Results. The factors in the liquidation orientation of the institution of insolvency in the Russian Federation, as well as the trends in the increase in duration of insolvency proceedings with a minimum number of satisfied creditor claims have been identified; counterarguments have been presented regarding the alleged low efficiency of trustees in bankruptcy; arguments concerning the annual increase in the workload of trustees in bankruptcy have been statistically supported. A critical analysis of the draft law has been performed; the risks of decline in wages of trustees in bankruptcy in the event of adoption of the proposed changes in the structure of fixed and percentage-based remuneration have been identified. Legal gaps in the proposed point-rating system for the approval of trustees in bankruptcy have been identified.

Discussion and Conclusion. The performed analysis made it possible to reveal the main trends in the results of insolvency proceedings, as well as to identify a number of critical shortcomings of the draft law No. 1172553-7 under consideration (change in the structure of remuneration for trustees in bankruptcy, as well as introduction of a rating system for evaluating their activities). The results of the study may be useful to scientists specializing in economics and law, as well as to experts in the field of insolvency.
Xeroderma Pigmentosum: Clinical and Genetic Features and Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Belysheva Tatyana S. , Nasedkina Tatyana V. , Kletskaya Iryna S. , Volkova Anastasiya S. , Semenova Vera V. , Valiev Timur T.
Published: December 2021

Xeroderma pigmentosum is rare genetic disorder characterized by increased skin sensitivity to damaging ultraviolet (UV) light. First symptoms manifest at early age in most cases (up to 75%). Chronic damage due to sun exposure is common, it has different stages of changes and risk of further development of malignant tumors that depends on the gene involved. Additionally to skin manifestations there are various neurological disorders such as progressive cognitive dysfunctions, sensorineural hearing loss, ataxia, pyramid and extrapyramidal disorders, areflexia. Treatment of patients with xeroderma pigmentosum is mostly symptomatic and preventive (protection against UV). Nowadays targeted medications for DNA repair and increasing cells resistance to UV light, thus preventing the oncological diseases, are under development.
Preliminary Studies Concerning the Use of Some HEADSPACE/GC-MS Techniques on the Authentification of Some Flavoring Vinegars
Authors: Truta Delia Mihaela
Published: December 2021

Foods and beverages generally contain numerous aromatic compounds, some naturally present in the raw materials and some forming during processing. Starting from this fact we decided in analyzing the active principals from three different flavored vinegars: one was flavored with dry lives of rosemary, other with green lives and other was ultrasounded.