bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entering the Void: Exploring the Relationship Between the Experience of Colonisation and the Experience of Self for Indigenous Peoples of Aotearoa, and the Implications for Psychotherapeutic Clinical P
Authors: Woodard Wiremu , O'Connor John
Published: February 2020

This paper explores the relationship between the experience of colonisation and the experience of self for Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa. As we celebrate the formation of Waka Oranga in 2007, and its work in the years since, the publication of this paper is particularly fitting, drawing as it does on research originally undertaken at the time of the roopu’s formation. It is based on the lead author’s 2008 Master of Psychotherapy dissertation research in which he undertook a modified systematic literature review located within a kaupapa Māori research framework, in order to explore the experience of self for Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa and its relationship to colonisation. The paper examines the process of racialisation: The construction and resulting interiorisation of Indigenous peoples as Other’. The paper contends that this process has the effect of disrupting indigenous ontologies creating a divided and alienated experience of self for Indigenous peoples. Within Aotearoa, the phenomenon of whakamā and mate Māori are hypothesised as the indigenous experience of this alienated and divided self. The paper suggests that arguably all psychological distress for Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa arise to some degree fromthese experiences. Implications for psychotherapy are considered. Psychotherapy and psychotherapists are challenged to re-evaluate both the underlying positivist conceptualisations of self, and ongoing processes of colonisation, in order that they may be more fully equipped to effectively work alongside indigenous communities in Aotearoa.
Mihi
Authors: Williams Haare
Published: February 2020

Ko Mua Ko Muri — Balance
Waka Oranga: The Development of an Indigenous Professional Organisation within a Psychotherapeutic Discourse in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Mikahere-Hall Alayne , Poutu Morice Margaret , Pye Cherry
Published: February 2020

This article discusses the development in Aotearoa New Zealand of a fledgling Māori professional organisation, Waka Oranga, which is engaged in providing Indigenous healing and psychotherapeutic support to Māori families who experience trauma and discontent in their lives, and supervision and consultancy to Māori and non-Māori professionals. The article sets this development in context, discusses the symbolism of the organisation’s name and logo, summarises its organisational structure, values and processes, and concludes with its principles and vision.
Master’s and PhD Research Undertaken by Māori Psychotherapy University Graduates
Authors: O'Connor John , Armstrong Verity
Published: February 2020

Over the past two decades, a range of Māori psychotherapy graduates (many of whom are members of Waka Oranga) have undertaken Master’s degree dissertation research and PhD thesis research. It is with pleasure that we outline below the titles, authors, and abstracts of many of these research undertakings. They reflect the diversity and depth with which Māori graduates have grappled with psychotherapy as indigenous practitioners and researchers.
Policy Suggestions for the Establishment and Improvement of the Safety Audit and Inspection System in Wide-Area Units of the Local Government
Authors: Lee Jeong Seok , Kim Keewook , Park Hyun Jung
Published: March 2020

As various disasters and safety accidents frequently occur, people's expectations regarding safety management are gradually increasing. The importance of disaster and safety management is especially magnified due to successive accidents. These include fires in complex buildings and hospitals, inversion of cranes, paralysis of a communication network by a fire in the KT underground cable tunnel, rupture of pipelines in district heating systems, derailment of a KTX train, etc. To strengthen the generalization and mediation functions for disaster management and improve the disaster management system, the Ministry of the Interior and Safety introduced the safety audit and inspection system. This study suggests plans for the establishment and improvement of the system in the early part of its implementation. This includes a theoretical discussion on the safety audit and inspection, an investigation of the current organization in Wide-Area Units of the Local Government, and drawing plans for the establishment and improvement of the system. As a result, efficient planning for the safety audit and inspection, expansion of manpower, enhancement of the organization's status, and establishment of a system for the safety audit and inspection were suggested.
Patients with alcoholic hepatitis benefit from timely AUD treatment
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: February 2020

An analysis of outcomes associated with one of the most serious alcohol‐related diseases starkly demonstrates the importance of establishing strong linkages between hospital‐based care and specialty addiction treatment.
NASADAD releases updated timeline of STR and SOR funding
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2020

Last month, the National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors (NASADAD) released an updated timeline of the State Targeted Response to the Opioid Crisis (STR) and State Opioid Response (SOR) grant programs. The key dates, including when the grants were authorized, when Congress appropriated funds and when funding opportunity announcements were released by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, and funding award period for states are listed, as well as more information. The updated version reflects two recent developments.
A Hybrid Eukaryotic–Prokaryotic Nanoplatform with Photothermal Modality for Enhanced Antitumor Vaccination
Authors: Chen Qi , Huang Guojun , Wu Wangteng , Wang Jianwei , Hu Jiawei , Mao Jianming , Chu Paul K. , Bai Hongzhen , Tang Guping
Published: February 2020

Cytomembrane‐derived nanoplatforms are an effective biomimetic strategy in cancer therapy. To improve their functionality and expandability for enhanced vaccination, a eukaryotic–prokaryotic vesicle (EPV) nanoplatform is designed and constructed by fusing melanoma cytomembrane vesicles (CMVs) and attenuated Salmonella outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Inheriting the virtues of the parent components, the EPV integrates melanoma antigens with natural adjuvants for robust immunotherapy and can be readily functionalized with complementary therapeutics. In vivo prophylactic testing reveals that the EPV nanoformulation can be utilized as a prevention vaccine to stimulate the immune system and trigger the antitumor immune response, combating tumorigenesis. In the melanoma model, the poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)–indocyanine green (ICG) moiety (PI)‐implanted EPV (PI@EPV) in conjunction with localized photothermal therapy with durable immune inhibition shows synergetic antitumor effects as a therapeutic vaccine. The eukaryotic–prokaryotic fusion strategy provides new perspectives for the design of tumor‐immunogenic, self‐adjuvanting, and expandable vaccine platforms.
High‐Numerical‐Aperture Dielectric Metalens for Super‐Resolution Focusing of Oblique Incident Light
Authors: Zhang Qi , Dong Fengliang , Li Huaixin , Wang Zhengxu , Liang Gaofeng , Zhang Zhihai , Wen Zhongquan , Shang Zhengguo , Chen Gang , Dai Luru , Chu Weiguo
Published: February 2020

Recently, developments in superoscillatory optical devices have allowed for label‐free far‐field optical super‐resolution technology by allowing engineering of optical point‐spread functions beyond the traditional Abbe diffraction limit. However, such superoscillatory optical devices are optimized for the normal‐incident operation, which inevitably leads to a comparatively slow imaging acquisition rate in the application of super‐resolution microscopy. Here, a super‐resolution metalens is demonstrated with a high numerical aperture that can focus oblique incident light into a hot spot with a size smaller than the diffraction limit at the visible wavelength. This super‐resolution metalens has a numerical aperture of as large as 0.97, a focal length of 38.0 µm, a radius of 151.9 µm, and a field of view of 4° that enables super‐resolution focusing on the focal plane at a wavelength of λ = 632.8 nm. In a 5.6λ × 5.6λ field of view on the focal plane, the size of the focal spot is smaller than 0.45λ, which is only 0.874 times the corresponding Abbe diffraction limit. The super‐resolution metalens offers a promising way toward fast‐scanning label‐free far‐field super‐resolution microscopy.
Strengthening urban community governance through geographical information systems and participation: An evaluation of my Google Map and service coordination
Authors: Liu Helen K. , Hung Mei Jen , Tse Lik Hang , Saggau Daniel
Published: February 2020

It is increasingly common for urban planners and local policymakers to adopt interactive technologies, such as geographical information systems (GISs), to inform their decision making and to enhance performance. This paper aimed to assess the role that interactive technology can play in enhancing urban governance to meet social needs by improving local organisations’ capacities, client access, and service effectiveness and responsiveness, as well as community building. Using the previous research framework on mapping community capacity developed by Brudney et al. (Community Development Journal, 2016, 52, 354) and Çöltekin et al. (Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 2009, 36, 5–17), we examined a simulated online interactive map for service provision in Hong Kong and interviewed around 20 local community organisations and 100 local residents about their user experience, their willingness to support its long‐term adoption and their challenges. Our findings reveal that local residents find the interactive map helpful, particularly in improving service access, whereas local organisations are more reluctant to adopt such technology due to high maintenance costs. The implications of our study include the need to develop incentives to encourage technology adoption, to improve the capacity of local organisations and to establish better links between community organisations and local residents to identify sustainable financing (through crowdsourcing) for GIS applications to improve urban community governance.
A Set of phenyl sulfonate metal coordination complexes triggered Biginelli reaction for the high efficient synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones under solvent‐free conditions
Authors: Wang Yong‐Tao , Tang Gui‐Mei , Wu Yu‐Song
Published: February 2020

Three new metal coordination complexes, namely, [Co (DPE)(H2O)4](DPE)(BS)2 (1), [Co (DPE)2(H2O)4](ABS)2 (2), [Co (DPE)(H2O)4](MBS)2(CH3OH)2 (3) [DPE = (E)‐1,2‐di (pyridin‐4‐yl) ethene, BS = phenyl sulfonic acid, ABS = p‐aminobenzene sulfonic acid, MBS = p‐methylbenzene sulfonic acid] were obtained under hydrothermal conditions. Complexes 1‐3 were structurally characterized by X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction, powder X‐ray diffraction and IR. Complexes 1 and 3 exhibit a one‐dimensional chain structure, and complex 2 does a zero‐dimensional one. These three complexes further generate a three‐dimensional supramolecular architecture via strong hydrogen bonding interactions and packing interactions. These three metal coordination complexes show high catalytic performance for green synthesis of a variety of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones through the Biginelli reactions, which show several advantages such as excellent yields, short reaction times, eco‐friendly synthesis conditions, and simple isolated workup procedure. Interestingly, the order of catalytic activities for these catalysts is the following: 3>1>2, which can be ascribed to the acidities and hydrophobic interactions of phenyl sulfonate groups.
Biphenyl liquid crystal epoxy containing flexible chain: Synthesis and thermal properties
Authors: Zhang Qian , Chen Guokang , Wu Kun , Shi Jun , Liang Liyan , Lu Mangeng
Published: February 2020

A biphenyl type liquid crystal epoxy (LCE) monomer 4,4′‐di(2,3‐epoxyhexyloxy)biphenyl (LCBP4) containing flexible chain was synthesized and the curing behavior was investigated using 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as the curing agent. The effect of curing condition on the formation of the liquid crystalline phase was examined. The cured samples show good mechanical properties and thermal stabilities. Moreover, the relationship between thermal conductivity and structure of liquid crystalline domain was also discussed. The samples show high thermal conductivity up to 0.28–0.31 W/(m*K), which is 1.5 times as high as that of conventional epoxy systems. In addition, thermal conductive filler, Al2O3, was introduced into LCBP4/DDM to obtain higher thermal conductive composites. When the content of Al2O3 was 80 wt%, the thermal conductivity of the composite reached to 1.86 W/(m*K), while that of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (Bis‐A) epoxy resin/DDM/Al2O3 was 1.15 W/(m*K). Compared with Bis‐A epoxy resin, the formation of liquid crystal domains in the cured LCE resin enhanced the thermal conductivity synergistically with the presence of Al2O3. Furthermore, the introduction of Al2O3 also slightly increased the thermal stabilities of the cured LCE.
Optically active hybrid particles constructed by chiral helical substituted polyacetylene and POSS
Authors: Shang Jiaqi , Mei Song , Zhao Danyu , Deng Jianping
Published: February 2020

Optically active hybrid particles consisting of chiral organic component and inorganic component integrate the individual advantages of the components in one entity. This article reports a new type of optically active hybrid particles constructed by helical substituted polyacetylene and octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OvPOSS). The hybrid particles were prepared in a two‐step process. First, helical substituted polyacetylene with pendent vinyl groups was synthesized and named as macromonomer (MM). Then, hybrid particles were prepared from MM and OvPOSS by free radical suspension polymerization, in which OvPOSS acted simultaneously as comonomer and crosslinking agent. OvPOSS and MM together constituted a crosslinked network and formed spherical, porous hybrid particles. The resulting hybrid particles exhibited the desired optical activity, according to circular dichroism spectroscopy measurement. As an organic/inorganic hybrid molecule itself, OvPOSS moderately improved the thermostability of the organic component and meanwhile increased the porosity of the hybrid particles. It also helped to tune the surface morphology of the hybrid particles. The present study provides a novel class of optically active hybrid particles, and the preparation strategy may further work as a versatile platform for developing novel chiral hybrid materials.
Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry‐based Structural Analysis of Deacylated Lipooligosaccharides From Escherichia coli
Authors: Choi Yu Ri , Kim Kwang Sung , Bandu Raju , Kim Hyoseon , Lee Jae Eun , Shin Byong‐Kyu , Cho Yang Je , Park Jong Moon , Lee Hookeun , Kim Kwang Pyo
Published: February 2020

Deacylated lipooligosaccharides (dLOSs) were developed as human vaccine adjuvants. The dLOSs have significant immune activities and markedly lower toxicities than their precursors, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). In this study, we developed a novel liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) method for characterization of the dLOSs. The structural identification and characterization of the dLOSs were carried out using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric experiments. Finally, we propose the most likely structure of the dLOSs as being composed of a diacyl form of lipid A with seven sugars, 3 HEP + 2 KDO + 1 GlcN + 1 Glc.
Global DNA methylation and cognitive and behavioral outcomes at 4 years of age: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Taylor Rachael M. , Smith Roger , Collins Clare E. , Mossman David , Wong‐Brown Michelle W. , Chan Eng‐Cheng , Evans Tiffany‐Jane , Attia John R. , Buckley Nick , Drysdale Karen , Smith Tenele , Butler Trent , Hure Alexis J.
Published: February 2020

Background

Accumulating evidence suggests that breastfeeding exclusivity and duration are positively associated with child cognition. This study investigated whether DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism modified by nutrient intake, may contribute to the link between breastfeeding and child cognition. The aim was to quantify the relationship between global DNA methylation and cognition and behavior at 4 years of age.

Methods

Child behavior and cognition were measured at age 4 years using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, third version (WPPSI‐III), and Child Behavior Checklist (CBC). Global DNA methylation (%5‐methylcytosines (%5mC)) was measured in buccal cells at age 4 years, using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) commercial kit. Linear regression models were used to quantify the statistical relationships.

Results

Data were collected from 73 children recruited from the Women and Their Children's Health (WATCH) study. No statistically significant associations were found between global DNA methylation levels and child cognition or behavior (p > .05), though the estimates of effect were consistently negative. Global DNA methylation levels in males were significantly higher than in females (median %5mC: 1.82 vs. 1.03, males and females, respectively, (p < .05)).

Conclusion

No association was found between global DNA methylation and child cognition and behavior; however given the small sample, this study should be pooled with other cohorts in future meta‐analyses.
Sketch‐based shape‐constrained fireworks simulation in head‐mounted virtual reality
Authors: Cui Xiaoyu , Cai Ruifan , Tang Xiangjun , Deng Zhigang , Jin Xiaogang
Published: February 2020

In this paper we present a novel shape‐constrained fireworks simulation method with rich textures in an HMD (Helmet Mounted Display) virtual environment using sketched feature lines as input. Our approach first retrieves an object from a three‐dimensional (3D) model database using a sketch‐based 3D shape retrieval algorithm. Then, in order to approximate models with complex structures, we introduce a novel point sampling algorithm based on Gaussian curvatures, which stores not only the positions of the selected vertices but also the texture (UV) coordinates information for texture display. In addition, we introduce a multilevel explosion process so that the fireworks can dynamically form specific, visually pleasing shapes. Through our experiments, we demonstrate that our approach can produce better results than state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
Inverse‐direction Growth of TiO2 Microcones by Subsequent Anodization in HClO4 for Increased Performance of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Yong‐Tae , Youk Ji Ho , Choi Jinsub
Published: February 2020

The effect of second anodization on anodically fabricated TiO2 microcones is investigated with the aim of enhancing the lithium‐ion battery performances; these microcones are treated with a trace concentration of an electrolyte of HClO4. Unlike in the case of second anodization in H2SO4 or H3PO4, which leads to breakdown of the structures of the microcones, the HClO4‐treated TiO2 microcones maintain their unique morphological crystalline structures; this enables the inverse growth of an oxide layer. Particularly, protruding nanoparticles provide a large surface area and thus a higher areal capacity, wherein lithium ions can be stored; these particles are formed on the back‐hemisphere layers of the microcones with an increase in the overall thickness of the barrier oxide layer. The HClO4‐treated TiO2 microcones exhibit an areal capacity of approximately 1.6 times than that of pristine TiO2 microcones as well as an excellent cycling stability and capacity retention.
Hair analysis of antidepressants and antipsychotics—Overview of quantitative data
Authors: Methling Maximilian , Krumbiegel Franziska , Hartwig Sven
Published: February 2020

Antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs are regularly encountered in different aspects of forensic toxicology, and some cases require the examination of hair samples. In this study, common antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs regarding hair concentrations over the past decades were reviewed. Although numerous publications around method validations, case reports, or controlled dose studies were found, apparently there is a lack of comprehensive data for many substances. Information on the hair length and dosage across the publications varied largely, and case numbers were generally low except for several retrospective controlled dose studies. Many substances were described only in method validations or case reports, and data were obtained from small case numbers. On the contrary, clozapine, haloperidol, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, risperidone and its metabolite, methylphenidate, citalopram, chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, and quetiapine had a well‐founded database as these substances were investigated in controlled dose studies with higher case numbers. Given the advancements made in analytical techniques over the past years, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry techniques were the methods of choice and allowed the detection of chemical compounds at low concentrations. The controversy around a potential use of hair analysis to estimate the dosage remains as dose‐concentration studies provided divergent results. A harmonization on the investigated hair length as well as on the extraction protocol would be of favor to achieve better comparability. Although hair analysis research focused mainly on drug abuse, availability of more data on antidepressants and antipsychotics would help to gain better knowledge and assist other forensic investigators.
Landscape structure and climate drive population dynamics of an insect vector within intensely managed agroecosystems
Authors: Gutiérrez Illán Javier , Bloom Elias H. , Wohleb Carrie H. , Wenninger Erik J. , Rondon Silvia I. , Jensen Andrew S. , Snyder William E. , Crowder David W.
Published: February 2020

Characterizing factors affecting insect pest populations across variable landscapes is a major challenge for agriculture. In natural ecosystems, insect populations are strongly mediated by landscape and climatic factors. However, it has proven difficult to evaluate if similar factors predict pest dynamics in agroecosystems because control tactics exert strong confounding effects. We addressed this by assessing whether species distribution models could effectively characterize dynamics of an insect pest in intensely managed agroecosystems. Our study used a regional multi‐year data set to assess landscape and climatic drivers of potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) populations, which are often subjected to calendar‐based insecticide treatments because they transmit pathogens to crops. Despite this, we show that psyllid populations were strongly affected by landscape and climatic factors. Psyllids were more abundant in landscapes with high connectivity, low crop diversity, and large natural areas. Psyllid population dynamics were also mediated by climatic factors, particularly precipitation and humidity. Our results show that many of the same factors that drive insect population dynamics in natural ecosystems can have similar effects in an intensive agroecosystem. More broadly, our study shows that models incorporating landscape and climatic factors can describe pest populations in agroecosystems and may thus promote more sustainable pest management.
Crossroads between immune responses and physiological regulation: Metabolic control of resistance versus tolerance against disease
Authors: Pucillo Carlo , Vitale Gaetano
Published: February 2020

If a threat cannot be avoided, the organism has two defense options: it can try to eliminate the threatening agent or boost physiological mechanisms to tolerate the challenge and its consequences. Both strategies can be (and usually are) used at the same time. Fighting an infection, for instance, requires mounting immune responses to control pathogen burden as well as physiologic adaptations to tolerate stress and damage. Thus, the two strategies are connected and interdependent. We are starting to understand how the regulation of host metabolic physiology during disease impacts both the ability to resist pathogens’ burden and tolerate parenchymal tissue functional damage. Here, we review a number of recent publications that have begun to shed light on the physiological and immunological mechanisms that coordinate host defense and metabolic processes. In particular, we will cover the areas of energetic control, substrates utilization, and the regulatory signals that promote infectious disease tolerance.
LRIG3 represses cell motility by inhibiting slug via inactivating ERK signaling in human colorectal cancer
Authors: Zeng Kaixuan , Chen Xiaoxiang , Xu Mu , Liu Xiangxiang , Li Chenmeng , Xu Xueni , Pan Bei , Qin Jian , He Bangshun , Pan Yuqin , Huiling Sun , Xu Tao , Wang Shukui
Published: February 2020

Metastasis is responsible for 90% of colorectal cancer (CRC)‐related deaths. In the present study, we identified a novel key regulator of CRC metastasis, leucine‐rich repeats and immunoglobulin‐like domains protein 3 (LRIG3), which was significantly decreased in CRC tissues and cell lines. Downregulation of LRIG3 was attributed to copy number loss and promoter hypermethylation. Low LRIG3 expression was positively correlated with metastatic clinical features and shorter survival time. Functional experiments showed that knockout of LRIG3 markedly enhanced CRC cell migration and invasion ability, whereas reintroduction of LRIG3 exerted the opposite effects. Regarding the mechanism, LRIG3 could facilitate the binding of DUSP6 to ERK1/2, resulting in the dephosphorylation of ERK1/2 and subsequently downregulation of slug, an epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition trigger, thereby constraining CRC cell motility. Importantly, LRIG3 expression was strongly negatively correlated with slug or p‐ERK1/2 expression in CRC tissues. Collectively, our data suggest that LRIG3 is a novel suppressor of CRC metastasis, reactivation of LRIG3 may be a promising therapeutic approach for metastatic CRC patients.
Optimal imaging windows of indocyanine green‐assisted near‐infrared dental imaging with rat model and its comparison to X‐ray imaging
Authors: Li Zhongqiang , Hartzler Thomas , Ramos Alexandra , Osborn Michelle L. , Li Yanping , Yao Shaomian , Xu Jian
Published: February 2020

In this study, we used rat animal model to compare the efficiency of indocyanine green (ICG)‐assisted dental near‐infrared fluorescence imaging with X‐ray imaging, and we optimized the imaging window for both unerupted and erupted molars. The results show that the morphology of the dental structures was observed clearly from ICG‐assisted dental images (especially through the endoscope). A better image contrast was easily acquired at the short imaging windows (<10 minutes) for unerupted and erupted molars. For unerupted molars, there is another optimized imaging window (48‐96 hours) with a prominent glow‐in‐the‐dark effect: only the molars remain bright. This study also revealed that the laser ablation of dental follicles can disrupt the molar development, and our method is able to efficiently detect laser‐treated molars and acquire the precise morphology. Thus, ICG‐assisted dental imaging has the potential to be a safer and more efficient imaging modality for the real‐time diagnosis of dental diseases.
Bleeding Complications After Transoral Robotic Surgery: A Meta‐Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Stokes William , Ramadan Jad , Lawson Georges , Ferris F. Robert L. , Holsinger Floyd Christopher , Turner Meghan T.
Published: February 2020

Objective

Postoperative hemorrhage is the most common complication of transoral robotic surgery (TORS), the severity of which can range from minor bleeding treated with observation to catastrophic hemorrhage leading to death. To date, little is known about the incidence, risk factors, and management of post‐TORS hemorrhage.

Study Design

Systematic Review and Metanlysis.

Methods

A systematic review of the published literature using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions was performed and examined TORS, postoperative hemorrhage, and the use of prophylactic transcervical arterial ligation (TAL).

Results

A total of 13 articles were included in the analysis. To date, there have been 332 cases of hemorrhage following a total of 5748 TORS. The pooled median post‐TORS hemorrhage rate was 6.47%. The overall incidence of minor and major hemorrhage was 5.29% and 2.90%. Patients with prior radiation (relative risk [RR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00–2.12), large tumors (RR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.48–2.99), and those requiring perioperative coagulation (RR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.54–3.28) had significantly higher relative risks of hemorrhage. There was no significant difference in the relative risk of overall hemorrhage with TAL. Looking at major hemorrhage, patients undergoing TAL had a large but insignificant relative risk reduction in post‐TORS hemorrhage (RR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.15–1.07).

Conclusion

The incidence of post‐TORS hemorrhage is low (5.78%), and for major hemorrhage requiring emergent embolization, TAL, or tracheotomy to control hemorrhage it is even lower (2.90%). Large tumors, perioperative anticoagulation, and prior radiation were associated with significantly increased risk of post‐TORS hemorrhage. TAL does not reduce the overall incidence of post‐TORS hemorrhage but may lead to fewer severe hemorrhages.

Level of Evidence

III Laryngoscope, 131:95–105, 2021
Effort toward most severely ill homeless spurs ongoing public policy debate
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: February 2020

Political leaders both within and outside California are talking about the highly visible problem of homelessness that is affecting the state's largest metropolitan areas. The discussions have placed a sharp focus on the question of how to achieve a proper balance between getting people the mental health services and related support they need and maintaining due respect for personal freedoms.
SAMHSA secretary clarifies MHBG use in correctional facilities
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: February 2020

Individuals who have interactions with the criminal justice system, including incarceration, or who have a criminal case pending, can receive Community Mental Health Services Block Grant (MHBG) funds for their care and treatment, according to a letter written by Elinore F. McCance‐Katz, M.D., Ph.D., assistant secretary for mental health and substance use at the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). The Feb. 2 letter addressed to the National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors (NASMHPD) served to clarify some confusion about the use of MHBG funds, according to NASMHPD's Weekly Update on Feb. 14.
BMI Trajectories from Birth to 23 Years by Cardiometabolic Risks in Young Adulthood
Authors: East Patricia , Delker Erin , Blanco Estela , Lozoff Betsy , Correa Paulina , Burrows Raquel , Gahagan Sheila
Published: February 2020

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the level, rate, and acceleration of BMI growth differ according to the presence or absence of adult cardiometabolic (CM) risks.

Methods

BMI was measured in 1,000 Chileans at nine time points from birth to 23 years, and metabolic syndrome and its components were assessed at young adulthood. BMI growth was analyzed in the following three developmental periods: birth to 6 months, 6 months to 5 years, and 5 to 23 years.

Results

Individuals with CM risks had a specific constellation of early‐life growth (faster growth after infancy, lower BMI decline approaching age 5, absence of a definitive BMI nadir in early childhood, higher 5‐year BMI) and distinct young adult growth (larger BMI increases from childhood to young adulthood and lower levels of expected growth deceleration approaching young adulthood). Those with CM risks also attained BMI ≥ 25 at significantly younger ages than those absent risks (metabolic syndrome: 12.3 years vs. 20.1 years; hyperglycemia: 13.1 years vs. 18.9 years; hypertension: 13.2 years vs. 19.4 years; hypertriglyceridemia: 14.3 years vs. 19.5 years; inflammation: 15.9 years vs. 20.6 years).

Conclusions

Larger and faster increases in BMI and a failure of BMI growth to decline or decelerate at specific developmental periods distinguished individuals who would and would not have adult CM risks.
Robust adaptive backstepping sliding mode control for motion mode decoupling of two‐axle vehicles with active kinetic dynamic suspension systems
Authors: Hu Wen , Ding Fei , Zhang Jie , Zhang Bangji , Zhang Nong , Qin An
Published: February 2020

A mode decoupling control strategy is proposed for the active Kinetic Dynamic Suspension Systems (KDSS) with electrohydrostatic actuator (EHA) to improve the roll and warp mode performances. A matrix transfer method is employed to derive the modes of body and wheel station motions for full vehicle with active KDSS. The additional mode stiffness produced by the active KDSS is obtained and quantitatively described with the typical physical parameters. A new hierarchical feedback control strategy is proposed for the active KDSS to improve the roll and warp motion performances and simultaneously accounting for nonlinear dynamics of the actuators with hydraulic uncertainties. H∞ static output‐feedback control is employed to obtain the desirable mode forces, and a new projection‐based adaptive backstepping sliding mode tracking controller is designed for EHA to deal with address the nonlinearity and parameters uncertainty. This controller is used to realize the desirable pressure difference of EHA required from the target mode forces. Numerical simulations are presented to compare the roll and warp performances between the active KDSS, conventional spring‐damper suspension, and suspension with antiroll bar under typical excitation conditions. The evaluation indices are normalized and compared with radar chart. The obtained results illustrate that the proposed active KDSS with proposed controller does not produce additional warp motion for vehicle body, and has achieved more reasonable tire force distribution among wheel stations, the roll stability, road holding, and significantly improved ride comfort simultaneously.
A macroscopic approach for seismic damage transition within reinforced concrete wall–frame structures
Authors: Guo Xiang , He Zheng
Published: February 2020

The damage models proposed to date fail to identify the damage transition within one typical dual structural system, that is, wall–frame structures, under strong earthquakes. It's conceptually promising to combine a macroscopic global damage model physically with a simplified structural model that can characterize the interaction mechanism between the frame part and wall part of the structures. Thus, a macroscopic approach, with the integration of a macroscopic global damage model and a generalized shear–flexure coupled model, is proposed to have a closer insight into the damage transition within the wall–frame structures. The relation between the stiffness ratio and the ratio of vibration periods is established by introducing two stiffness‐based damage indicators and modal damage indexes. By this relation and the stiffness degradation in the frame part and wall part, the correlations between the modal damages, global damage, and the damages of the two parts are clarified. The combination of the damage indicators of the two parts with global damage is proved to be capable of capturing the damage transition during the dynamic redistribution of internal forces. The case study indicates that the damage predictions of the wall–frame structures are consistent with the interstory drift and proportions of failed components. The comparative study implies the efficiency of strengthening the link beams.
Maxwell interface problems‐ existence and uniqueness of solutions for Maxwell's equations
Authors: Boujemaa Saoussen , Khelifi Abdessatar
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we study the Maxwell interface problem. We provide existence and uniqueness results of solutions of this problem in the harmonic time case. Our results are obtained by setting up the problem as a variational problem in the sobolev space on a bounded domain. We prove analytical estimates on the convergence of perturbed solution. Numerical examples for different shapes of the domain will be presented.
Introduction: A Stochastic Approach to Discounted Cash Flow
Authors: Kruschwitz Lutz , Löffler Andreas
Published: February 2020

The valuation of firms is an exciting topic. It is interesting for economists engaged in either practice or theory, particularly for those in finance. Among practitioners, it is investment bankers and public accountants, who are regularly confronted with the question of how a firm is to be valued. The discussion about shareholder value Rappaport set off indicated that you cannot tell from the numbers of traditional accounting alone whether the managers of a firm were primarily successful or did poorly. Instead, the change in the value of the firm is used in order to try and determine exactly this. That suffices for the practitioner’s interest. The reasons why academics involve themselves with questions of valuation of firms are different.
Sketch of Solutions
Authors: Kruschwitz Lutz , Löffler Andreas
Published: February 2020

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which is, by assumption, more. By investing again and again the investor will get infinitely rich.
Czech Republic
Authors: Rašticová Martina , Bédiová Monika , Mikušová Jana , Krejčová Aneta , Černý Jiří
Published: February 2020

Ever-extending lifespans and low birth-rates (about 1.5 child per woman) contribute to the ageing of Czech society. By 2060, it is expected that just over one third of the Czech population will be aged 65 or over. By the 2060s, Czechs will be expected to retire at age 69 or later. Even with later retirement, the percentage of people entitled to an old-age pension will increase so that by the 2050s, approximately 28% of people may qualify for an old-age pension, compared with today’s 20%. Changes in demographic composition will also influence other indicators: the average age around 2050 might be between 48–50 years, about ten years more than now. Politicians, managers and society leaders aim to find ways to successfully face this demographic challenge and enable everybody to have a sufficient level of economic, social, and healthcare provision. Most crucial in the near future is the adaptation of employment policies and pension reform. This chapter describes the situation regarding the employment of people over 50 years in the Czech Republic, research focused on extendingworkinglife, employment policiesand characteristics of the pension system, paying special attention to gender differences.
Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase Contracts Chicken Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Akaike Toru , Minamisawa Susumu
Published: February 2020

Ductus arteriosus (DA) is an essential fetal artery that connects the main pulmonary artery and the descending aorta. Mammalian DA closes right after birth through vasoconstriction via a decrease in circulating prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) [1]. Avian DA also closes after birth although avians have no placenta that is a source of PGE2 in mammals. Previous studies have demonstrated that the PGE2 signal pathway is not involved in the constriction of isolated chicken DA [2]. However, the in vivo effect of PGE2 in avian DA has been little investigated.
Thermal representations in group field theory: squeezed vacua and quantum gravity condensates
Authors: Assanioussi Mehdi , Kotecha Isha
Published: February 2020

Abstract

We apply the formalism of thermofield dynamics to group field theory quantum gravity and construct thermal representations associated with generalised equilibrium Gibbs states using Bogoliubov transformations. The newly constructed class of thermal vacua are entangled, two-mode squeezed, thermofield double states. The corresponding finite temperature representations are inequivalent to the standard zero temperature one based on a degenerate vacuum. An interesting class of states, coherent thermal states, are defined and understood as thermal quantum gravity condensates.
Holomorphic waves of black hole microstructure
Authors: Heidmann Pierre , Mayerson Daniel R. , Walker Robert , Warner Nicholas P.
Published: February 2020

Abstract

We obtain the largest families constructed to date of $$ \frac{1}{8} $$

1
8

-BPS solutions of type IIB supergravity. They have the same charges and mass as supersymmetric D1-D5-P black holes, but they cap off smoothly with no horizon. Their construction relies on the structure of superstratum states, but allows the momentum wave to have an arbitrary shape. Each family is based on an arbitrary holomorphic function of one variable. More broadly, we show that the most general solution is described by two arbitrary holomorphic functions of three variables. After exhibiting several new families of such “holomorphic superstrata,” we reformulate the BPS backgrounds and equations in holomorphic form and show how this simplifies their structure. The holomorphic formulation is thus both a fundamental part of superstrata as well as an effective tool for their construction. In addition, we demonstrate that holomorphy provides a powerful tool in establishing the smoothness of our solutions without constraining the underlying functions. We also exhibit new families of solutions in which the momentum waves of the superstrata are highly localized at infinity but diffuse and spread into the infra-red limit in the core of the superstratum. Our work also leads to some results that can be tested within the dual CFT.
In-vitro and in-vivo imaging of coronary artery stents with Heartbeat OCT
Authors: Cecchetti Leonardo , Wang Tianshi , Hoogendoorn Ayla , Witberg Karen T. , Ligthart Jurgen M. R. , Daemen Joost , van Beusekom Heleen M. M. , Pfeiffer Tom , Huber Robert A. , Wentzel Jolanda J. , van der Steen Antonius F. W. , van Soest Gijs
Published: February 2020

To quantify the impact of cardiac motion on stent length measurements with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and to demonstrate in vivo OCT imaging of implanted stents, without motion artefacts. The study consists of: clinical data evaluation, simulations and in vivo tests. A comparison between OCT-measured and nominal stent lengths in 101 clinically acquired pullbacks was carried out, followed by a simulation of the effect of cardiac motion on stent length measurements, experimentally and computationally. Both a commercial system and a custom OCT, capable of completing a pullback between two consecutive ventricular contractions, were employed. A 13 mm long stent was implanted in the left anterior descending branch of two atherosclerotic swine and imaged with both OCT systems. The analysis of the clinical OCT images yielded an average difference of 1.1 ± 1.6 mm, with a maximum difference of 7.8 mm and the simulations replicated the statistics observed in clinical data. Imaging with the custom OCT, yielded an RMS error of 0.14 mm at 60 BPM with the start of the acquisition synchronized to the cardiac cycle. In vivo imaging with conventional OCT yielded a deviation of 1.2 mm, relative to the length measured on ex-vivo micro-CT, while the length measured in the pullback acquired by the custom OCT differed by 0.20 mm. We demonstrated motion artefact-free OCT-imaging of implanted stents, using ECG triggering and a rapid pullback.
A Taxicab geometry quantification system to evaluate the performance of in silico methods: a case study on adenosine receptors ligands
Authors: Kuder Kamil J. , Michalik Ilona , Kieć-Kononowicz Katarzyna , Kolb Peter
Published: February 2020

Among still comparatively few G protein-coupled receptors, the adenosine A2A receptor has been co-crystallized with several ligands, agonists as well as antagonists. It can thus serve as a template with a well-described orthosteric ligand binding region for adenosine receptors. As not all subtypes have been crystallized yet, and in order to investigate the usability of homology models in this context, multiple adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) homology models had been previously obtained and a library of lead-like compounds had been docked. As a result, a number of potent and one selective ligand toward the intended target have been identified. However, in in vitro experimental verification studies, many ligands also bound to the A2AAR and the A3AR subtypes. In this work we asked the question whether a classification of the ligands according to their selectivity was possible based on docking scores. Therefore, we built an A3AR homology model and docked all previously found ligands to all three receptor subtypes. As a metric, we employed an in vitro/in silico selectivity ranking system based on taxicab geometry and obtained a classification model with reasonable separation. In the next step, the method was validated with an external library of, selective ligands with similarly good performance. This classification system might also be useful in further screens.
Metabolic features of cancer cells in NRF2 addiction status
Authors: Okazaki Keito , Papagiannakopoulos Thales , Motohashi Hozumi
Published: February 2020

The KEAP1-NRF2 system is a sulfur-employing defense mechanism against oxidative and electrophilic stress. NRF2 is a potent transcription activator for genes mediating sulfur-involving redox reactions, and KEAP1 controls the NRF2 activity in response to the stimuli by utilizing reactivity of sulfur atoms. In many human cancer cells, the KEAP1-mediated regulation of NRF2 activity is abrogated, resulting in the persistent activation of NRF2. Persistently activated NRF2 drives malignant progression of cancers by increasing therapeutic resistance and promoting aggressive tumorigenesis, a state termed as NRF2 addiction. In NRF2-addicted cancer cell, NRF2 contributes to metabolic reprogramming in cooperation with other oncogenic pathways. In particular, NRF2 strongly activates cystine uptake coupled with glutamate excretion and glutathione synthesis, which increases consumption of intracellular glutamate. Decreased availability of glutamate limits anaplerosis of the TCA cycle, resulting in low mitochondrial respiration, and nitrogen source, resulting in the high dependency on exogenous non-essential amino acids. The highly enhanced glutathione synthesis is also likely to alter sulfur metabolism, which can contribute to the maintenance of the mitochondrial membrane potential in normal cells. The potent antioxidant and detoxification capacity supported by abundant production of glutathione is achieved at the expense of central carbon metabolism and requires skewed metabolic flow of sulfur. These metabolic features of NRF2 addiction status provide clues for novel therapeutic strategies to target NRF2-addicted cancer cells.