bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contesting Risk and Responsibility: European Debates on Food and Agricultural Governance of Avian Influenza
Authors: de Krom Michiel P.M.M. , Oosterveer Peter
Published: June 2010

In August 2005, avian influenza entered European public arenas as the next food and agricultural risk. As the virus was detected close to Europe, questions arose whether measures were required to protect human health and secure European food supply. This article analyzes the public debates on the characteristics of the risk and on the interventions needed. The mass media in two EU member states, the UK and the Netherlands, were studied for this purpose. With the help of qualitative analysis the debates were analyzed as they unfolded in selected national newspapers. Arguing that risks are socially mediated realities, the article discusses how struggles on risk definitions relate to different policy decisions. Moreover, it analyzes how these political dynamics are informed by the involvement of state, market, and civil society actors in European governance, and discerns their wider implications for the functioning of the EU food governance framework.
Impact of Textile Effluents on Pistia stratiotes L. and Ludwigia adscendens L. Using Hydroponic Culture
Authors: Momtaz Halima , Alam AKM Rashidul , Islam M Shahidul , Haque Sirajul
Published: June 2010

The study was carried out to assess the impacts of textile effluents on aquatic plants by using hydroponic culture. Effluent water of three textile industries and effluent free water were collected from Savar region. The higher contents of pH (10.47), total suspended solids (1407.33 mg/L), total dissolved solids (19014 mg/L) and biochemical oxygen demand (735 mg/L) were recorded in industrial effluents comparing with control. The lowest content of DO in industrial effluents (0.87 mg/L) was much lower than the control (5.65 mg/L). Hydroponic test showed that 100, 75, 50, 25 and 1% textile effluents caused the death of Pistia stratiotes L. and Ludwigia adscendens L. within 1-4, 2- 6, 3-9, 5-12 and 14-17 days, respectively. When P. stratiotes was grown in 100% effluent water its concentrations of Cr, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn were 8.00, 1.4375, 189.06, 1843.1, 5.075 and 261.87 ppm, respectively and the test species died within 1 - 3 days. When L. adscendens was grown in 100% effluent water, its concentrations of Cr, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn were 7.25, 0.975, 312.87, 1621.2, 5.0125 and 138.75 ppm, respectively and the test species died within 2-4 days. The uptake of heavy metals increased with raising effluent concentration comparing with control culture. The uptake of Cr, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn were significantly higher at 50%, 75% and 100% (p = 0.01** at 1% level of significance) effluent which caused the death of both test species. Key words: Textile effluents; Pistia stratiotes L.; Ludwigia adscendens L.; Hydroponic culture. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i1.5172 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(1), 9-16, 2010
Alteration and Exsolution Characteristics of Ilmenites of Moheskhali Island, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Syed Samsuddin , Miah M Yunus , Qumruzzaman Chowdhury , Zaman M Nazim , Alam AKM Badrul , Biswas Pradip Kumar
Published: June 2010

Mineralogical analysis of Moheskhali beach sands revealed the presence of high amount of ilmenite. About 50% of these ilmenites are unaltered which are characterized by the presence of exsolution of ilmenite with hematite, ilmenite with magnetite, and ilmenite with rutile. Others (50%) are unexsolved where 30-50% grains partially or fully altered. These altered and unaltered phases of ilmenite are confirmed by X-Ray diffraction study. Ilmenite-hematite exsolution comprising 70-80% of the total exsolution. The widely banded exsolved phases were formed by continuous exsolution mechanism while the second generation thinner bands were formed discontinuously. Seriate texture dominates (about 75%) over emulsion, granular, quadrangular, sub graphic, veined and special types. Optical study suggests that the alteration of ilmenite is seen to proceed along grain boundaries and/or fractures resulting in an amorphous to microcrystalline mass resembling leucoxene. The chemical composition of the alteration products of ilmenite frequently fluctuates within definite ranges (pseudoilmenite and pseudorutile ranges) of a nonstoichiometric composition and thus deviates from their ideal composition. Key words: Ilmenite; Rutile; Opaque; Exsolution; Alteration. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i1.5173 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(1), 17-26, 2010
First Order Reactant in Magneto-Hydrodynamic Turbulence before the Final Period of Decay in Presence of Dust Particle
Authors: Azad MAK , Aziz MA , Sarker MS Alam
Published: June 2010

Following Deissler's theory, the decay for the concentration fluctuation of a dilute contaminant undergoing a first order chemical reaction in MHD turbulence at times before the final period in presence of dust particle is studied and have considered correlations between fluctuating quantities at two and three point. Two and three point correlation equations are obtained and the set of equations is made to determinate by neglecting the quadruple correlations in comparison to the second and third order correlations. The correlation equations are converted to spectral form by taking their Fourier transforms. Finally we obtained the Decay law of magnetic energy for the concentration fluctuations before the final period in presence of dust particle by integrating the energy spectrum over all wave numbers. Keywords: MHD Turbulence; First order reactant; Dust particle; Decay before the final period DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i1.5182 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(1), 39-46, 2010
Characterization of Textile Industrial Effluents and its Effects on Aquatic Macrophytes and Algae
Authors: Roy R , Fakhruddin ANM , Khatun R , Islam MS , Ahsan MA , Neger AJMT
Published: June 2010

Textile industries release huge amount of effluents to aquatic systems, which contain toxic and hazardous pollutants degrading the environment. A laboratory scale study was conducted to characterize physicochemical parameters of local textile industrial effluents and evaluate their impact on aquatic macrophytes and algae. Total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solid (TDS) was found 100 to 336 mg/L and 1856 to 4356 mg/L, respectively. The recorded pH was 9.6 to 11.2 and temperature 40.5 to 43°C. Dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was recorded 0.11 to 0.5, 151.24 to 299.1 and 652.8 to 2304 mg/L, respectively. Electrical conductivity (EC) was monitored 2210 to 6020 μs/cm; salinity was found 1.1 to 3.3 ‰, and color 1890.75 to 5625 PCU. Zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) were 0.0838 to 0.596, 0.0 to 0.0006, 0.018 to 0.1727 ppm, respectively. Except heavy metals concentrations all of the physicochemical parameters were found beyond the standard limit set by department of Environment (DoE). Textile industrial effluents showed the toxic effects on aquatic macrophytes and algae, as aquatic macrophytes could hardly survive 2 days on textile effluents and noticeable reduction of algal concentration was found when grown on textile effluents. Key words: Textile effluents; Toxic effects; Physicochemical parameter; Aquatic macrophytes; Algae DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i1.5187 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(1), 79-84, 2010
Cost Effective Preoperative Evaluation
Authors: Iqbal Kazi M
Published: June 2010

DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v28i2.5341J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2010; 28: 69-72
Low Serum Magnesium in Preterm Labour
Authors: Begum Anzuman Ara , Das Tripti Rani
Published: June 2010

This study was designed to compare serum magnesium levelin women with preterm labour and with those who were interm labour.A case-control study was carried out in the department ofObstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh MujibMedical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from July 2005 toJune 2007, to evaluate serum magnesium level in womenwith preterm labour (28-36 weeks) and compare them withthose who were in term labour (37-40 weeks). The totalnumber of cases was 160, of which 80 were cases and similarnumber were control.The study subjects were selected from inpatient departmentof Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BSMMU and Mother andChild Health Training Institute (MCHTI), Dhaka.Serum magnesium level was measured by taking 5 ml of bloodfrom women with term (control) and preterm labour (case).The basic characteristics, like age, parity and socioeconomicstatus did not show statistically any significant differencebetween control arid case groups, but showed significantdifference only in the body mass index between the twogroups. Mean (±SD) BMI in control and case groups were24.88±1.42 and 23.12±2.36 kg/m2 respectively.Mean (±SD) gestational age were 38.95±0.89 and33.03±1.83 weeks, respectively in control and case groups.The mean (±SD) serum magnesium levels were 2.02±0.20(range 1.70-2.4) and 1.65±0.19 (range 1.30-2.00) mg/dl,respectively, in control and case groups. ‘The difference washighly significant (p<0.001).DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v28i2.5368J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2010; 28: 69-72
High Resolution Sonography in Diagnosis of Metastatic Cervical Lymph Nodes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sadat SM Anwar , Rita Rufia Nasrin , Zaman Asad-Uz , Rob Md Abdur , Husain Md Musharraf , Ahmed Mohiuddin
Published: June 2010

Ultrasound is reported superior to clinical palpation fordetecting lymph nodes and metastasis. The advantage ofultrasound over other imaging modalities is price, lowpatient burden, and possibilities for follow up. A crosssectional Study on 29 cases of oral squamous cell carcinomawas done in Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery,Dhaka Dental College & Hospital, Dhaka from January2006 to December 2007. The sensitivity, specificity, positivepredictive value, negative predictive value & Accuracy ofUltrasonographic technique for determining metastaticcervical lymph node were 93.33%, 50%, 66.7%, 87.5% and72.4% respectively. Considering the finding of the study,Sonographic evaluation can improve the diagnosis ofmetastatic cervical lymph node in patients with oralsquamous cell carcinoma. It is cost effective, non-invasive,less burden to patient, does not create problem ofoverlapping with mandible and can be done repeatedly tofollow up. Therefore, high resolution sonography may bean adjunct tool in diagnosing metastatic nodes in patientswith oral squamous cell carcinoma.DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v28i2.5369J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2010; 28: 92-99
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery: An Overview of Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Neuro-medicine
Authors: Uddin KMN , Islam JN
Published: June 2010

The gamma knife is a highly specialized treatment unit thatprovides an advanced sophisticated stereotactic approachto treatment of tumour and vascular malformations withinthe internal structure of the head. The gamma knife deliversa single high dose of radiation emanating from 201 cobalt-60 unit sources. All 201 beam simultaneously intersect atthe same time in a pre-defined location. The treatmentplanning system for gamma knife radiosurgery has beendeveloped using nonlinear programming techniques. Thesystem optimizes the shot sizes, location and weights forgamma knife treatments. Open stereotactic technique in the1990’s was essential for the treatment of a number offunctional conditions and cystic space occupying lesions.It has an important part to play in the investigation oftumours and can help to increase the number which areaccessible to treatment. It can be employed to guide notonly solid instruments but also ionizing irradiation to “masslesion– targets”. It is just this combination of stereotacticguidance and narrow beam, high energy radiation toprecisely defined target, is the basis of gamma kniferadiosurgery . The topic on radiological physics presents abroad field, which includes physics of radiation therapy,diagnosis and nuclear medicine. The emphasis is on thebasic physical principles which form a common foundationfor these areas. Consequently, the topic provides both basicradiation physics, physical aspects of treatment planningand use of radiation beams. Some knowledge of the effectof ionizing radiation on living tissues is necessary, for thosewho wish to understand the nature of any treatment usingradiation and who also wish to inform patients about suchtreatment. The topic relates to the effects of radiation onvisible structures, in other words, cells and tissues. Theradiobiological knowledge described here has beendeveloped in relation to standard radiotherapy. Moreover,the linear quadratic model of cell killing is also applicablefor single dose irradiation.DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v28i2.5370J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2010; 28: 100-112
Pheochromocytoma  An Unusual Presentation  A Case Report
Authors: Prasad Indrajit , Latif Zafar Ahmed , Pathan Faruque , Ashrafuzzaman SM , Amin Firoz
Published: June 2010

This case report is of a 50yrs old man who got admitted inBIRDEM Hospital in a state of unconsciousness for 5 hours.He is a known case of hypertension and diabetes mellitusfor the last 12 years and was on insulin. Hypoglycemia wasdetected, treated with intravenous glucose and the patientregained consciousness. On further query he complainedof repeated episodes of nausea, palpitation and sweatingfor the last 12 years. The episodes were initially labeled ashypoglycemia but blood sugar was never found inhypoglycemic range. The patient was on multipleantihypertensive medications but blood pressure wasuncontrolled. All the investigations were normal including24hrs urinary VMA, serum adrenalin and noradrenalinexcept ultrasonography of whole abdomen which showed amass measuring 72x 76 mm in left suprarenal region. Onenight the patient again developed palpitation, chestdiscomfort, severe headache and profuse sweating. Bloodpressure was recorded 240/160 mmHg. Blood sample wasdrawn for adrenalin, noradrenalin, 24hrs urine collectionwas done for VMA and was found very high. The patientwas diagnosed as having left adrenal pheochromocytoma.After controlling blood pressure and other preoperativepreparations left adrenalectomy was done. Histopathologyrevealed phaeochromocytoma. Per and postoperativeperiods were quite eventful. Blood pressure was normalwithout any antihypertensive drug during discharge. Thepatient was discharged with the advice to come for followup after 1 month.DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v28i2.5371J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2010; 28: 113-116
Dual Right Coronary Artery Associated with ASD and Pulmonary Stenosis
Authors: Rahman F , Subedi Bikash , Anam Khairul , Akhter N , Banerjee Sajal , Uddin MS , Hossain ATM Iqbal , Ahmed CM , Haque KMHS Sirajul
Published: June 2010

Coronary artery anomalies occur in less than 1% of thecases undergoing coronary angiography, and constitute1-2% of all congenital heart disease. The origin of thecircumflex artery from the right coronary artery (RCA)or the right sinus of Valsalva is the most commonlyencountered anomaly and is usually well tolerated 2.We report the clinical , echocardiographic andangiographic findings of symptomatic 45 years elderlylady with the atrial septal defect and double rightcoronary artery and pulmonary stenosis. To ourknowledge, such associated lesion as founding this casehas not been reported in the literature till date at homeand abroad.DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v28i2.5374J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2010; 28: 125-127
Medical Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A review
Authors: Haque Md Azizul
Published: June 2010

DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v28i2.5378J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2010; 28: 132-133
From the Desk of Editor in Chief Vol.28(2) 2010
Authors: Islam Quazi Tarikul
Published: June 2010

DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v28i2.5380J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2010; 28: 140
FORCED CONVECTION FILM CONDENSATION ON A HORIZONTAL TUBE WITH VARIABLE PROPERTIES
Authors: Salam Bodius , McNeil David A. A. , Burnside Bryce M. , Biswas Sumana
Published: June 2010

The paper presents the results of numerical calculations for filmwise condensation of downward flowing pure saturated steam on a horizontal tube. A tube of 19.05 mm diameter was used. Steam approach conditions used were 5000 N/m2 (Tsat = 32.9 oC) pressure and velocity 5 – 100 m/s. Tube wall temperatures were considered to be constant at 22.9 oC and 30.9 oC, giving condensate subcooling DT = 10 K and 2 K respectively. Earlier theoretical studies omitted the variations of physical properties with pressure arising from flow of vapor over the tube surface. The present work takes into account these property variations. The velocity and pressure distributions were taken from the potential flow theory. At low condensate subcooling, DT = 2 K, and high steam velocities, significant reduction of average heat transfer coefficient was predicted when property variations were taken into account, compared to constant property values. The mean heat flux predicted considering the variation of properties was up to 9% and 42% less than that obtained for DT = 10 K and 2 K respectively.Keywords: Laminar filmwise condensation; horizontal tube; boundary layer separation; numerical.DOI: 10.3329/jme.v40i2.5347Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. ME 40, No. 2, December 2009 79-89
INVESTIGATION INTO THE CAUSES OF PREMATURE CORROSION OF PRE-FABRICATED STEEL FACTORY BUILDING
Authors: Moniruzzaman M. , Haseeb A. S. M. A.
Published: June 2010

Premature corrosion of steel roof panels of a prefabricated factory building was reported just two months’ after installation. In order to find out the causes of this corrosion, physical investigation of the affected roof was carried out and samples of the panels and relevant information were collected. Laboratory tests were carried out on the samples using light optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray micro analysis (EDX) and tensile tests. Test results show that the steel roof was constructed from painted as well as Al-Zn coated steel sheet, conforming to ASTM A 792M Grade 340 and ASTM A 792M-A150. Analysis of other results suggests that the rusts were superficial in nature and they did not start from the steel sheet of the roof panels. Based on the superficial nature of the rust spots, their morphology, chemical analysis etc., it is believed that rust spots were caused by the corrosion of steel swarfs that deposited on the roof panels. The swarfs originated from drilling, cutting and riveting operations during installation. Proper cleaning of the roof immediately after installation could have avoided the problem. Importance of awareness about the danger of improper cleaning and regular maintenance of roof panels after installation is discussed.Keywords: Premature corrosion; galvanized; steel debris; roof panel; superficial.DOI: 10.3329/jme.v40i2.5349Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. ME 40, No. 2, December 2009 90-94
PREDICTION OF TANGENTIAL CUTTING FORCE IN END MILLING OF MEDIUM CARBON STEEL BY COUPLING DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT AND RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: Patwari Md. Anayet , Amin A.K.M. Nurul , Faris Waleed F.
Published: June 2010

The present paper discusses the development of the first and second order models for predicting the tangential cutting force produced in end-milling operation of medium carbon steel. The mathematical model for the cutting force prediction has been developed, in terms of cutting parameters cutting speed, feed rate, and axial depth of cut using design of experiments and the response surface methodology (RSM). All the individual cutting parameters affect on cutting forces as well as their interaction are also investigated in this study. The second order equation shows, based on the variance analysis, that the most influential input parameter was the feed rate followed by axial depth of cut and, finally, by the cutting speed. Central composite design was employed in developing the cutting force models in relation to primary cutting parameters. The experimental results indicate that the proposed mathematical models suggested could adequately describe the performance indicators within the limits of the factors that are being investigated. The adequacy of the predictive model was verified using ANOVA at 95% confidence level. This paper presents an approach to predict cutting force model in end milling of medium carbon steel using coated TiN insert under dry conditions and full immersion cutting.Keywords: Tangential Cutting Forces; RSM; coated TiN; model.DOI: 10.3329/jme.v40i2.5350Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. ME 40, No. 2, December 2009 95-103
CPU COOLING OF DESKTOP COMPUTER BY PARALLEL MINIATURE HEAT PIPES
Authors: Feroz Chowdhury Md. , Uddin Ahmed Imtiaz
Published: June 2010

Heat transfer performance of parallel miniature heat pipes (MHPs) of 2.8 mm ID used for cooling desktop computer with different working fluids is presented in this paper. In cooling desktop processors, MHPs consists of six single tube heat pipes connected by a copper block at the evaporator section and fifteen parallel copper sheets used as external fins at the condenser section. Acetone and ethanol are used as working fluid. The copper block is placed above the heat source (on the top of the processor) and the condenser section is provided with external fins perpendicular to the MHPs. Heat transfer characteristics of MHPs using different working fluids are determined experimentally, based on the principle of phase. The experimental results show that, the maximum and steady state temperature of the processor has been reduced significantly by using MHPs with acetone as working fluid instead of conventional cooling fan. Additional use of a fan at the condenser section results much lower processor surface temperature for both working fluids. Key words: CPU cooling; Desktop processor; Heat transfer performance; Miniature Heat Pipe; Working fluid.DOI: 10.3329/jme.v40i2.5351Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. ME 40, No. 2, December 2009 104-109
NEW APPROACH OF CLASSIFICATION OF ROLLING ELEMENT BEARING FAULT USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Hariharan V. , Srinivasan PSS.
Published: June 2010

The paper presents a new approach to the classification of rolling element bearing faults by implementing Artificial Neural Network. Diagnostics of rolling element bearing faults actually represents the problem of pattern classification and recognition, where the key step is feature extraction from the vibration signal. Characterization of each recorded vibration signal is performed by a combination of signal's time-varying statistical parameters and characteristic rolling element bearing fault frequency components obtained through the frequency spectrum analysis method. The experimental data is collected for four bearings at three different speeds. The sensor is located at three different positions for each bearing. Both time domain and frequency domain signals were measured. Thus the data was three time spectrums and three frequency spectrums for each speed for a bearing. The entire data set comprised of 72 (6 x 3 x 4) data. The time domain signal was comprised of 8192 samples and extracting these features from a huge data set was difficult. To overcome this difficulty the 8192 samples were split into 32 bins each containing 256 samples. Two Network RBFN and PNN are used to classify the bearing defects. The entire process of splitting and evaluating the seven features was coded in MATLAB.  From these seven features the most suitable features are for explaining the intensity of the defect is discussed.Key Words: Feature Extraction; Fault Frequencies; Roller Bearing; Bearing fault; Crest Factor; Variant;Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN); Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN)DOI: 10.3329/jme.v40i2.5353Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. ME 40, No. 2, December 2009 119-130
ON A STEPPING METHOD FOR THE NON STEADY ROLLING CONTACT RESOLUTION
Authors: Eddhahak Anissa , Chevalier Luc
Published: June 2010

The importance of contact and surface problems in industrial machining requires specific studies by tribological researchers to help engineering developments. During cyclic rolling, mechanical components may fail from wear fatigue and it is necessary to develop numerical tools based on simplified approaches to quantify their life time. Numerous wear equations reported in literature have shown that the wear rate is in most cases linked to the traction and the velocities which occur in the contact area. The knowledge of these parameters at every time enables us to follow the wear evolution in the softer material. In this paper, we suggest a stepping method to solve the non steady rolling contact problems. This method is based on the well known approach Fastsim of Kalker and integrates a numerical finite difference scheme to describe the evolution of transient phenomena occurring during non steady rolling contact.Key Words: Rolling Contact; Non Steady; Stepping Approach; Fastsim.DOI: 10.3329/jme.v40i2.5354Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. ME 40, No. 2, December 2009 131-136
AN ANALYTICAL METHOD TO FIND WORKSPACE OF A ROBOTIC MANIPULATOR
Authors: Goyal Khushdeep , Sethi Davinder
Published: June 2010

The workspace of a Robot is determined by an analytical method. The method is applicable to kinematic chains that can be modeled using the Denavit-Hartenberg representation for serial kinematic chains. This method is based upon analytical criteria for determining singular behavior of the mechanism. By manipulating the Jacobian of the robot by the row rank deficiency condition, the singularities are computed. Then these singularities are substituted into the constraint equations to parameterize singular surfaces. The boundary conditions of the joints are substituted to obtain the other set of singularities. These singularities are substituted in the wrist vector to obtain the range of motion of the robot wrist in three dimensional space, which is the workspace of the Robot. These singularities are plotted in Matlab to develop all the surfaces enveloping the workspace of the Robot. The priactical examples of RV-M1 MITSIBUSHI ROBOT and 3 DOF spatial manipulator are treated with this method.Key Words: Jacobian; Workspace; Singularities; Degree of freedomDOI: 10.3329/jme.v41i1.5359Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. ME 41, No. 1, June 2010 25-30
QUANTIFICATION OF ERRORS IN THE WILSON PLOT APPLIED TO CONDENSATION ON THE OUTSIDE OF TUBES
Authors: Burnside Bryce M. , Salam Bodius , McNeil David A.
Published: June 2010

In condensation over horizontal tubes where the wall temperature is not measured directly, the Wilson plot is used to determine the cooling side heat transfer coefficient. Conventionally, the variation in Nusselt number, Nu, with condensate side temperature drop, DTs, which accompanies change of cooling side flowrate, is assumed to be Nu µ 1/DTsn with n = 0.25. This is the free convention condensation value. In this paper a technique is devised, not only to check the accuracy of this assumption in the usual vapor side cross flow situation, but also to determine the effect on this accuracy of allowing the index n to vary. In a case study the best agreement between DTs assumed and the value obtained using the cooling side heat transfer coefficient which resulted from the Wilson plot, occurred at n = 0.21. Based on the random errors in the measured data, a linear regression taking into account the errors in both Wilson plot coordinates gave the cooling side heat transfer coefficient and its uncertainty.Keywords: Heat transfer; condensation; Wilson plots.DOI: 10.3329/jme.v41i1.5360Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. ME 41, No. 1, June 2010 31-41
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM OF A TAB MANUFACTURING PLANT
Authors: Garg Deepika , Kumar Kuldeep , Sigh Jai
Published: June 2010

This paper discusses a decision support system for a Tab manufacturing plant. Tab manufacturing mainly consists of six subsystems working in series .Two subsystems namely Grinding machine, Electroplating machine are supported by stand-by units with perfect switch over devices and the remaining four subsystem are prone to failure. The mathematical model of Tab manufacturing plant has been developed using Markov birth – death Process. The differential equations has been developed on the basis of probabilistic approach using transition diagram which are further solved for steady state availability in order to develop the decision matrices which provide the various availability levels for different combinations of failure and repair rates of each subsystem.Key words: Availability; Differential Equations; Markov process; Steady StateDOI: 10.3329/jme.v41i1.5365Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. ME 41, No. 1, June 2010 71-79
Linear and Fractal Heart Rate Dynamics during Sleep at High Altitude
Authors: Castiglioni P. , Rizzo F. , Faini A. , Mazzoleni P. , Lombardi C. , Meriggi P. , Parati G. , Di Rienzo M. ,   the HIGHCARE investigators
Published: June 2010

Objectives: To investigate the effects of hypoxia during sleep on linear and self-similar components of heart rate variability (HRV) in eight healthy subjects at high altitude on Mount Everest.

Methods: ECG was monitored by using an innovative textile-based device, the MagIC system. For each subject three night recordings were performed at sea level (SL), at 3500 m and 5400 m above SL. RR Interval (RRI) was derived on a beat-by-beat basis from the ECG and the VLF, LF and HF spectral components and the LF/HF ratio were estimated. Short-(α1) and long-term (α2) scale exponents as well as the recently proposed spectrum of self-similarity coefficients, α(n) were estimated by detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA).

Results: With respect to SL, all HRV parameters but one (α2) were significantly modified at 3500 m. However, at 5400 m they tended to return to the SL values and this was in contrast with the increase in the hypobaric hypoxia and in the number of central sleep apneas occurring at higher altitude. The only HRV index that displayed changes at 5400 m was the DFA α(n) spectrum, with α(n) values significantly lower than at SL for 20 < n < 50 and higher for 200 < n < 400, being n the box size..

Conclusions: While the biological interpretation of these results is still in progress, our data indicates that the cardiac response to high altitude hypoxia during sleep can hardly be fully explored by traditional HRV estimators only, and requires the additional support of more sophisticated indexes exploring also nonlinear and fractal features of cardiac variability.
Surgical treatment of a hemivertebra by partial ventral corpectomy and fusion in a Labrador puppy
Authors: Meheust P. , Robert R.
Published: June 2010

This report describes a partial ventral vertebrectomy and interbody fusion for a progressive hemivertebra disease using a ventral transthoracic approach in a 3.6-month-old male Labrador puppy. The goal of this article is to clarify the potential advantages of this uncommon surgical technique for this condition and to discuss its technical aspects.
Effects of intra-articular botulinum toxin type A (Botox®) in dogs with chronic osteoarthritis
Authors: Wheeler J. L. , Petersen S. W. , Hadley H. S.
Published: June 2010

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of intra-articular botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) in dogs with chronic osteo-arthritis.

Methods: Client-owned dogs with lameness and discomfort attributed to unilateral elbow or hip osteoarthritis were eligible for inclusion (n = 5). All dogs had BoNT/A (25 units) administered to the affected joint (2 elbows, 3 hips). Dogs were evaluated by pressure platform gait analysis before and at two, four, eight, and 12 weeks post-injection, and by client perception of outcome.

Results: In experimental limbs, ground reaction forces (peak vertical force and vertical impulse) consistently improved for a variable period of time following intra-articular BoNT/A therapy. These changes were not, however, observed in the contralateral limbs, in which values remained relatively unchanged or decreased. Four out of five owners reported at least some improvement in their dog’s condition following treatment.

Clinical significance: A multimodal approach with the intra-articular administration of BoNT/A may be an option for osteoarthritis patients that are unresponsive to medical management and unable to undergo surgery. However, the findings of this study are preliminary and must be verified by further investigation.
Diagnosis and management of a fracture of the lateral trochlear ridge of the talus in a dog
Authors: Dvorak L. D. , Bahr A. , Maley J. R.
Published: June 2010

An eight-month-old, 31.2 kg, entire male Golden Retriever was presented for evaluation because it had a four-week history of right hindlimb lameness and audible popping occurring in association with movement of the right hindlimb. Mild right hindlimb lameness was noted upon gait analysis. Moderate to severe effusion and pain on extension were appreciated on palpation of the right tarsus. Dorsoplantar and lateral radiographs of the right tarsus revealed significant soft tissue swelling over the lateral aspect of the tarsus and widening of the joint space over the lateral trochlear ridge of the talus. A fracture of the lateral ridge was appreciated upon evaluation of the flexed dorsoplantar view. Un-enhanced computed tomography of the right tarsus confirmed fracture of the talus one large and two small bone fragments were noted adjacent to the lateral aspect of the lateral trochlear ridge and medial to the fibula. The fracture was surgically repaired via a lateral approach a fibular osteotomy was performed. The fragment was manually reduced and secured with a 1.5 mm cortical screw placed in lag fashion. The fibular osteotomy site was reduced and fixed with two 1.6 mm Kirshner wires and a tension band composed of 0.9 mm cerclage wire. The patient made a complete clinical recovery, however, the union was fibrous and evidence of mild osteo-arthritis was noted on postoperative radio-graphs.
A surgical tendonitis model in horses: Technique, clinical, ultra-sonographic and histological characterisation
Authors: Hunter S. , Campbell N. , Blikslager A. , Smith R. , Schramme M.
Published: June 2010

Objective: Tendon injuries are common in all athletic activities in both humans and horses. Research of treatment modalities for this disease has typically been performed on a model of collagenase-induced tendonitis. This model has several disadvantages. Our hypothesis was that a reproducible core lesion could be created surgically in superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFT), which could then be evaluated consistently using ultrasonography. Materials and methods: Four horses free of forelimb lameness were used in this study. Each horse underwent general anaesthesia and a synovial resector was used to create a core lesion in the SDFT of each forelimb. Sono-graphic examination was conducted weekly using 2 cm intervals between a section 7 and 25 cm distal to the accessory carpal bone. At two, four, eight, and 12 weeks after injury, a horse was euthanatized. Histopathological evaluation of the SDFT was performed at the same levels as the sonographic examination. Results: Only mild clinical signs of tendonitis were observed. Ultrasonographic core lesions were 10–16 cm long and had a mean maximum cross-sectional area (CSA) of 18.25 ± 5.91% occurring at 17–23 cm distal to the accessory carpal bone, and a mean volume of 1.86 ± 0.26 cm3. Mean duration taken to achieve maximum lesion CSA and lesion volume was 35 ± 7 days. Histologically, the lesions were characterised by mild inflammation followed by fibroplasia. Conclusion: The reported surgical technique resulted in core lesions that were consistent in size and location, were readily evaluated with ultrasonography, and showed similarities with the ultrasonographic and histological progression of naturally occurring tendonitis lesions.
Treatment of lumbosacral discospondylitis by surgical stabilisation and application of a gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponge
Authors: Dennis R. , Gemmill T. J. , Renwick A. I. C.
Published: June 2010

This report describes a case of lumbosacral discospondylitis in a two-year-old boxer dog. The dog had been presented with chronic hindlimb lameness and signs of lumbar spinal pain. The diagnosis was confirmed with a magnetic resonance imaging scan and positive blood culture. Following unsuccessful conservative management, the dog was treated with surgical stabilisation using screws and polymethylmethacrylate, and implantation of a gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponge into the L7-S1 disc space. This technique has not previously been described. The dog had a successful long-term outcome with complete resolution of clinical signs
IL-12p35 Promotes Antibody-Induced Joint Inflammation by Activating NKT Cells and Suppressing TGF-β
Authors: Park Yuna , Kim Hye Sung , Ahn Ji Ye , Yun Daesun , Cho Mi La , Hong Seokmann , Kim Ho Youn , Chung Doo Hyun
Published: June 2010

The functional role of IL-12 in rheumatoid arthritis is controversial. Moreover, whether IL-12 contributes to regulation of Ab-induced joint inflammation remains unclear. To address these issues, we explored the functional roles of IL-12 in Ab-induced arthritis using the K/BxN serum transfer model. IL-12p35−/− and IL-12Rβ2−/− mice were resistant to the development of arthritis. Injection of K/BxN serum into IL-12p40–yellow fluorescence protein reporter (yet40) mice induced CD11b+ cells, CD11c+ cells, and Gr-1+ granulocytes to produce IL-12p40 in the joints. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-6 production were lower in joint tissues of IL-12p35−/− and IL-12Rβ2−/− mice than in B6 mice, whereas levels of TGF-β expression were higher. Administering IL-12p35−/− mice rIL-12 or IFN-γ restored joint inflammation and suppressed TGF-β production in joint tissues. Moreover, administering neutralizing anti–TGF-β mAb enhanced joint inflammation. Among the immune cells that infiltrated joint tissues during Ab-induced arthritis, NKT cells expressed IL-12β2 receptors. Furthermore, the adoptive transfer of splenocytes from B6 or Gr-1+ granulocyte-depleted mice restored joint inflammation in IL-12Rβ2−/− mice as much as in B6 mice, whereas splenocytes from Jα18−/− mice did not. These findings indicate that signals via IL-12β2 receptors on NKT cells play a critical role in the development of Ab-induced arthritis. The IL-12p35/IFN-γ axis promotes Ab-induced joint inflammation by activating NKT cells and suppressing TGF-β, which may provide novel information for the development of new therapeutic strategies for the inhibition of rheumatoid arthritis.
Improving Clinical Trial Participant Tracking Tools Using Knowledge-anchored Design Methodologies
Authors: Embi P.J. , Johnson S.B. , Mendonca E. , Starren J. , Payne P.R.O.
Published: June 2010

Objective: Rigorous human-computer interaction (HCI) design methodologies have not traditionally been applied to the development of clinical trial participant tracking (CTPT) tools. Given the frequent use of iconic HCI models in CTPTs, and prior evidence of usability problems associated with the use of ambiguous icons in complex interfaces, such approaches may be problematic. Presentation Discovery (PD), a knowledge-anchored HCI design method, has been previously demonstrated to improve the design of iconic HCI models. In this study, we compare the usability of a CTPT HCI model designed using PD and an intuitively designed CTPT HCI model.

Methods: An iconic CPTP HCI model was created using PD. The PD-generated and an existing iconic CTPT HCI model were subjected to usability testing, with an emphasis on task accuracy and completion times. Study participants also completed a qualitative survey instrument to evaluate subjective satisfaction with the two models.

Results: CTPT end-users reliably and reproducibly agreed on the visual manifestation and semantics of prototype graphics generated using PD. The performance of the PD-generated iconic HCI model was equivalent to an existing HCI model for tasks at multiple levels of complexity, and in some cases superior. This difference was particularly notable when tasks required an understanding of the semantic meanings of multiple icons.

Conclusion: The use of PD to design an iconic CTPT HCI model generated beneficial results and improved end-user subjective satisfaction, while reducing task completion time. Such results are desirable in information and time intensive domains, such as clinical trials management.

Citation: Payne PRO, Embi PJ, Johnson SB, Mendonca E, Starren J. Improving clinical trial participant tracking tools using knowledge-anchored design methodologies. Appl Clin Inf 2010; 1: 177–196 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2010-02-RA-0012
An improved Antarctic dataset for high resolution numerical ice sheet models (ALBMAP v1)
Authors: Le Brocq A. M. , Payne A. J. , Vieli A.
Published: June 2010

Abstract. The dataset described in this paper (ALBMAP) has been created for the purposes of high-resolution numerical ice sheet modelling of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. It brings together data on the ice sheet configuration (e.g. ice surface and ice thickness) and boundary conditions, such as the surface air temperature, accumulation and geothermal heat flux. The ice thickness and basal topography is based on the BEDMAP dataset (Lythe et al., 2001), however, there are a number of inconsistencies within BEDMAP and, since its release, more data has become available. The dataset described here addresses these inconsistencies, including some novel interpolation schemes for sub ice-shelf cavities, and incorporates some major new datasets. The inclusion of new datasets is not exhaustive, this considerable task is left for the next release of BEDMAP, however, the data and procedure documented here provides another step forward and demonstrates the issues that need addressing in a continental scale dataset useful for high resolution ice sheet modelling. The dataset provides an initial condition that is as close as possible to present-day ice sheet configuration, aiding modelling of the response of the Antarctic Ice Sheet to various forcings, which are, at present, not fully understood.
Water and nutrient balances in a large tile-drained agricultural catchment: a distributed modeling study
Authors: Li H. , Sivapalan M. , Tian F. , Liu D.
Published: June 2010

Abstract. This paper presents the development and implementation of a distributed model of coupled water nutrient processes, based on the representative elementary watershed (REW) approach, to the Upper Sangamon River Basin, a large, tile-drained agricultural basin located in Central Illinois, Mid-West of USA. Comparison of model predictions with the observed hydrological and biogeochemical data, as well as regional estimates from literature studies, shows that the model is capable of capturing the dynamics of water, sediment and nutrient cycles reasonably well. The model is then used as a tool to gain insights into the physical and chemical processes underlying the inter- and intra-annual variability of water and nutrient balances. Model predictions show that about 80% of annual runoff is contributed by tile drainage, while the remainder comes from surface runoff (mainly saturation excess flow) and subsurface runoff. It is also found that, at the annual scale nitrogen storage in the soil is depleted during wet years, and is supplemented during dry years. This carryover of nitrogen storage from dry year to wet year is mainly caused by the lateral loading of nitrate. Phosphorus storage, on the other hand, is not affected much by wet/dry conditions simply because the leaching of it is very minor compared to the other mechanisms taking phosphorous out of the basin, such as crop harvest. The analysis then turned to the movement of nitrate with runoff. Model results suggested that nitrate loading from hillslope into the channel is preferentially carried by tile drainage. Once in the stream it is then subject to in-stream denitrification, the significant spatio-temporal variability of which can be related to the variation of the hydrologic and hydraulic conditions across the river network.
Pheochromocytoma in a 2.75‐year‐old‐girl with a germline von Hippel–Lindau mutation Q164R
Authors: Sovinz Petra , Urban Christian , Uhrig Sabine , Stepan Vinzenz , Lackner Herwig , Schwinger Wolfgang , Benesch Martin , Moser Andrea , Spuller Ekkehard , Speicher Michael R.
Published: June 2010

Pheochromocytomas are rare tumors of the adrenal gland occurring sporadically or as part of familial cancer syndromes. Here we report on the case of a pheochromocytoma due to the germline missense mutation c.491A>G (Q164R) in exon 3 of the von Hippel–Lindau gene in a girl as young as 2.75 years. Extended analyses of her relatives showed that the mutation occurred de novo in the patient's father who was subsequently diagnosed with bilateral pheochromocytomas and a retinal angioma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the youngest patient presenting with pheochromocytoma so far described in the literature. The same VHL mutation has been reported in a patient who developed a pheochromocytoma at the age of 10 years; therefore, for known VHL Q164R mutation carriers, we suggest screening for pheochromocytoma beginning at 2 years of age. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hemifacial myohyperplasia sequence
Authors: Pereira‐Perdomo Diego F. , Vélez‐Forero Juanita , Prada‐Madrid Rolando
Published: June 2010

This is a report of an additional patient affected by hemifacial myohyperplasia (HMH). We postulate that this condition originates around the fourth gestational week at any step of cranial muscle development from somitomeres to branchial arches, most probably due to prolonged period of proliferation during cranial muscle development, subsequent abnormal contact between cranial neural crest (CNC) cells and cranial myoblasts, and an impaired interaction among CNC cells and cranial myoblasts derivatives. HMH may represent another example of somatic mosaicism and its features can be explained by a combination of morphostatic and morphodynamic mechanisms of pattern formation during development. Here we suggest that HMH is a sequence in which the primary defect is hyperplasia of the facial muscles and the other findings are secondary to this. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The right to ignore genetic status of late onset genetic disease in the genomic era; Prenatal testing for Huntington disease as a paradigm
Authors: Erez A. , Plunkett K. , Sutton V.R. , McGuire A.L.
Published: June 2010

During the last decade, the field of human genome research has gone through a phase of rapid discovery that has provided scientists and physicians with a wide variety of research tools that are applicable to important medical issues. We describe a true case of familial Huntington disease (HD) in which we modified personal details to protect patient's privacy, where the proband at risk preferred not to know his disease status but wanted to know the status in his unborn child. Once we found the father to be negative, the case raised an important ethical question regarding the management of this as well as future pregnancies. This article discusses the arguments for and against the right not to know of one's carrier status, as well as professional obligations in the context of withholding unwanted information that may have direct implications not only for the patient himself but also for other family members. HD has served as a model for many other adult onset genetic diseases in terms of carrier testing guidelines. Hence, we feel it is time to revisit the issue of prenatal testing for HD and consider updating the current recommendations regarding the patient's right to “genetic ignorance”, or the right not to know genetic information. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.