bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The comparison of results in treating primary degenerative lesions of the hip joint using the cementless total hip arthroplasty method with the Corail and Fitmore stems
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Provincial Hospital in Kalisz, Poland, Urbaniak Michał
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study is to clinically assess the results of a total hip arthroplasty surgery among patients with idiopathic hip degenerative lesions. These patients were treated using endoprosthesis with the standard Corail stem and the short Fitmore stem. The scope of this assessment includes surgeries carried out in the Provincial Hospital Complex in Kalisz in the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology during years 2012-2015. In total, 64 patients with 70 endoprosthetics were analyzed (including 6 bilateral hip replacements). To assess the results before and after the treatment, both HHS and WOMAC scales were applied. The results achieved after the hip arthroplasty with both stem types were very similar and both produce good results for the patients. These results that are close to both Polish and international statistics.
Physico-Chemical Properties of LiFSI Solutions I. LiFSI with Valeronitrile, Dichloromethane, 1,2-Dichloroethane, and 1,2-Dichlorobenzene
Authors: Neuhaus Johannes , von Harbou Erik , Hasse Hans
Published: April 2021

Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) is a novel electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries. Valeronitrile (VN) is a good solvent for LiFSI, and dichloromethane (DCM), 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE), and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB), are interesting antisolvents for crystallization. Physico-chemical data for the design of LiFSI production processes, in which these components are used, is lacking. Therefore, the solubility of LiFSI in VN, as well as in binary solvent mixtures VN + (DCM, DCE, DCB) was measured at temperatures between 278 and 343 K and concentrations of LiFSI up to 0.52 mol mol(-1). Furthermore, vapor-liquid equilibria of the systems VN-DCE (at 200 mbar) and VN-DCB (at 200, 300, and 450 mbar) were studied. Also, the density and shear viscosity of solutions of LiFSI in VN were measured at temperatures between 293 and 333 K and concentrations of LiFSI up to 0.5 mol mol(-1).
Peran Pembelajaran Sejarah Terhadap Karakter Bangsa
Authors: Gymmayil Orm Aqil
Published: April 2021

Pendidikan sangat berperan penting dalam pengembangan siswa untuk membentuk suatu karakter manusia, warga masyarakat, dan warga negara yang baik. Permasalahan yang saat ini dilanda oleh bangsa Indonesia ialah krisis moral yang mulai muncul dan mengakibatkan bangsa Indonesia kehilangan sesuatu yaitu karakter dan jati diri Indonesia yang sesungguhnya seperti yang tercantum dalam Pancasila. Karakter bangsa Indonesia ini muncul saat para pahlawan berjuang untuk memperoleh kemerdekaan negara Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, untuk dapat membentuk karakter siswa dalam dunia Pendidikan agar menjadi bangsa Indonesia yang baik diperlukan suatu cara atau gagasa agar dapat memudahkan pendidik menanamkan karakter pada siswanya. Peranan pembelajaran sejarah dapat dijadikan cara dalam membentuk karakter bangsa Indonesia. Dengan pembelajaran sejarah, guru dapat menunjukkan sikap-sikap yang patut di contoh ketika para pahlawan memperjuangkan kemerdekaan Indonesia. Seperti kegigihan mereka dalam mempertahankan tanah air meraka serta loyal.
Physicochemical Properties of the System N,N-Dimethyl-dipropylene-diamino-triacetonediamine (EvA34), Water, and Carbon Dioxide for Reactive Absorption
Authors: Kessler Elmar , Ninni Luciana , Breug-Nissen Tanja , Willy Benjamin , Schneider Rolf , Irfan Muhammad , Rolker Jörn , von Harbou Erik , Hasse Hans
Published: April 2021

Aqueous solutions of N,N-dimethyl-dipropylene-diamino-triacetonediamine (EvA34)are promising solvents for CO2 capture. Therefore, in the present work, a compre-hensive experimental study was carried out to determine data on physico-chemicalproperties of EvA34 and its mixtures with H2O and CO2. The liquid density and thedynamic viscosity was studied for pure EvA34, as well as for unloaded and CO2-loaded aqueous solutions of EvA34. The liquid heat capacity was studied for pure EvA34and unloaded aqueous solutions of EvA34. Furthermore, data on the vapor pressure ofpure EvA34 was recorded. The pH-value was measured for unloaded and CO2-loadedaqueous solutions of EvA34 and the dissociation constants of EvA34 were determinedfrom titration curves. Moreover, data on the solubility of CO2 in aqueous solutions ofEvA34 and data on the CO2-containing species in the liquid phase of these solutionswere recorded. Most of the new data was taken at temperatures between 293 and 393K. The mass fraction of EvA34 in the unloaded aqueous solutions was either ~ w0EvA34= 0.1 g/g or ~ w0EvA34 = 0.4 g/g. The CO2-loading was up to ~?CO2 = 6.2 mol/mol. Thenew data were compared to corresponding data of two standard amines that are usedfor CO2 capture: monoethanolamine (MEA) and a blend of methyl-diethanolamineand piperazine (MDEA/PZ). The comparison revealed that EvA34 combines favorableproperties of MEA and MDEA/PZ in one molecule.
Profitability and investment risk of Texan power system winterization
Authors: Gruber Katharina , Gauster Tobias , Laaha Gregor , Regner Peter , Schmidt Johannes
Published: April 2021

We deliver the first analysis of the 2021 cold spell in Texas which combines temperature dependent load estimates with temperature dependent estimates of power plant outages to understand the frequency of loss of load events, using a 71 year long time series of climate data. The expected avoided loss from full winterization is 11.74bn\$ over a 30 years investment period. We find that large-scale winterization, in particular of gas infrastructure and gas power plants, would be profitable, as related costs for winterization are substantially lower. At the same moment, the necessary investments involve risk due to the low-frequency of events – the 2021 event was the largest and we observe only 8 other similar ones in the set of 71 simulated years. Regulatory measures may therefore be necessary to enforce winterization.
Residual stress measurements of conventional and stress peen formed 2024-T3 aluminum sheets
Authors: Miao Hong Yan , Faucheux Pierre A. , levesque Martin , Gosselin Frederick
Published: April 2021

Aluminum skins on the lower wings of most commercial aircraft are shaped using shot peen forming. This process, which involves bombarding the skins with hard shot, uses nonuniform plastic flow to induce curvatures---in the same way that differential expansion makes metal bilayers bend when heated. Here, we investigate experimentally how constraining conditions affect the final shape of peen formed parts. We report peen forming experiments for 4.9 mm thick rectangular 2024-T3 aluminum sheets of different aspect ratios uniformly shot peened on one face with a low intensity saturation treatment. Some specimens were free to deform during peening while others were elastically prestressed in a four-point bending jig. For each aspect ratio and prestress condition, residual stresses were measured near the peened surface with the hole drilling method. Additional residual stress profiles were also obtained with the slitting method. The residual stress measurements show that the progressive deformation of unconstrained specimens had the same effect as an externally applied prestress. For the peening conditions investigated, this progressive deformation caused unconstrained strips to exhibit curvatures 33% larger than identical strips held flat during peening. Furthermore, we found that the relative importance of material anisotropy and geometric effects did determine the bending direction of unconstrained specimens.
Distracted by Previous Experience: Integrating Selection History, Current Task Demands and Saliency in an Algorithmic Model
Authors: Meibodi Neda , Abbasi Hossein , Schubö Anna , Endres Dominik
Published: April 2021

Attention can be biased by previous learning and experience. We present an algorithmic-level model of this selection history bias in visual attention that predicts quantitatively how stimulus-driven processes, goal-driven control and selection history compete to control attention. In the model, the output of saliency maps as stimulus-driven guidance interacts with a historymap that encodes learning effects and a goal-driven task control to prioritize visual features. The model works on coded features rather than image pixels which is common in many traditional saliency models. We test the model on a reaction time (RT) data from a psychophysical experiment. The model accurately predicts parameters of reaction time distributions from an integrated priority map that is comprised of an optimal, weighted combination of separate maps. Analysis of the weights confirms selection history effects on attention guidance. The model is able to capture individual differences between participants’ RTs and response probabilities per group. Moreover, we demonstrate that a model with a reduced set of maps performs worse, indicating that integrating history, saliency and task information are required for a quantitative description of human attention. Besides, we show that adding intertrial effect to the model (as another lingering bias) improves the model’s predictive performance.
The role of asymmetric information in making decisions under uncertainty
Authors: Tehrani-Safa Amir Hossein , Sarabi-Jamab Atiye , Maddah Armin , Vahabie AbdolHossein , Araabi Babak N.
Published: April 2021

Many decisions have to be made under partial ambiguity where information is notavailable about the full probability distribution of risks. To decide in a principled way,one would have to make some assumption(s) about hidden risks. We examined howpeople may balance between the valence of the available information and the potentialinformation concealed by the ambiguity. Under partial ambiguity, people showedflexible skepticism towards the valence of the partially observable probabilisticinformation. When ambiguity size was small, risk taking was sensitive to valence: if theinformation was promising, ambiguity aversion increased, skeptically balancing thepromising prospects of available positive evidence against the hazards of what mightbe hidden from the view. Conversely, when the available information wasdisappointing, ambiguity tolerance increased, cautiously anticipating more than whatthe available information promised. This flexible skepticism was not a trivially reflexiveresponse to valence: when ambiguity was large (i.e., available information wasunreliable), the valence of available information did not impact risk attitudes.
A revised framework for the investigation of expectation update versus maintenance in the context of expectation violations: the ViolEx 2.0 model
Authors: Panitz Christian , Endres Dominik , Buchholz Merle , Khosrowtaj Zahra , Sperl Matthias F.J. , Mueller Erik Malte , Schubö Anna , Schütz Alexander C. , Teige-Mocigemba Sarah , Pinquart Martin
Published: April 2021

Expectations are probabilistic beliefs about the future that shape and influence our perception, affect, cognition, and behavior in many contexts. This makes expectations a highly relevant concept across basic and applied psychological disciplines. When expectations are confirmed or violated, individuals can respond by either updating or maintaining their prior expectations in light of the new evidence. Moreover, proactive and reactive behavior can change the probability with which individuals encounter expectation confirmations or violations. The investigation of predictors and mechanisms underlying expectation update and maintenance has been approached from many research perspectives. However, in many instances there has been little exchange between different research fields. To further advance research on expectations and expectation violations, collaborative efforts across different disciplines in psychology, cognitive (neuro)science, and other life sciences are warranted. For fostering and facilitating such efforts, we introduce the ViolEx 2.0 model, a revised framework for interdisciplinary research on cognitive and behavioral mechanisms of expectation update and maintenance in the context of expectation violations. To support different goals and stages in interdisciplinary exchange, the ViolEx 2.0 model features three model levels with varying degrees of specificity in order to address questions about the research synopsis, central concepts, or functional processes and relationships, respectively. The framework can be applied to different research fields and has high potential for guiding collaborative research efforts in expectation research.
Beban Keluarga dalam Merawat Anak Autis
Authors: Yolanda Yola , Yazia Velga , Suryani Ulfa
Published: April 2021

Salah satu kelebihan buku ini adalah buku ini membahas dengan detail tentang apa saja faktor yang menjadi beban keluarga dalam merawat anak Autis sehingga dapat menghasilkan informasi, salah satunya pentingnya dukungan sosial dan pendidikan pada keluarga dalam merawat anak Autis. Dengan adanya dukungan sosial yang baik dan pendidikan yang tinggi maka akan mengurangi beban keluarga dalam merawat anak Autis. Pembahasan buku ini didasarkan pada hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh penulis. Agar hasil penelitian yang sudah dilakukan oleh penulis menjadi lebih bermanfaat maka perlu untuk ditulis ulang (dikonversikan) dalam bentuk buku. Dengan bentuk buku diharapkan bisa tersebar luas ke berbagai kalangan akademisi Perguruan Tinggi melalui beberapa perpustakaannya. Oleh karena itu, dalam membaca buku ini dengan benar dan untuk mendapatkan kesimpulan yang utuh maka disarankan untuk membacanya secara urut setiap BAB nya tanpa ada loncatan.
Value Chain Analysis of Rattan in Nepal
Authors: Chowdhary Chhote Lal , Dhutta I. C.
Published: April 2021

This study highlights the existing situations of production, value addition, marketing and uses of rattan cane in Nepal. Rattan enterprises exist as a small and medium enterprise (SME) within and outside the community forest user groups. The study was designed based on the exploratory research and was carried out in Kailali and Bardiya districts.  The main objective was to assess the constraints and opportunities of rattan cane enterprise as well as design business solutions. Systematic random sampling method was followed to take the sampling of CFUGs, households and small and medium enterprises. Primary data was collected through focus group discussions, key informants interview, direct observations, open-ended questionnaires, and inventory of growing stock. Similarly, secondary data was collected from progress reports, Forest Operational Plans, audit reports and records of community forest user groups and Division Forest Offices. Sampling design was ascertained representing sampling units of rattan managed Community Forest User Groups and processing industries. The questionnaire survey was conducted to executive committee members of 8 Community Forest User Groups, 526 households and 12 rattan processing industries/ enterprises. Direct observation and interaction with CFUG and entrepreneurs were another major source of information. The quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS 20 and Microsoft Excel software tools. The identified major constraints concerning the selected value chains were: absence of detailed resource inventory in the approved Forest Operational Plans; inadequate knowledge about resource management, poor capacity to incorporate environmental policy concerns, weak business competitiveness, insufficient information about market and poor marketing knowledge. The study also identified a number of opportunities both in the community as well as enterprise perspective. For example, resource potential and monetary benefits to the community people; contribution in community development, involvement of service providers in forest resource management; employment generation and leveraging ecosystem services. The findings suggested technical and business solutions for the effective value chain of rattan cane.
Dynamics of morphological changes in the heart of rats after serial systemic administration of Doxorubicin
Authors: Kostiuk O.H. , Hodovan N.L. , Gormash P.P. , Taran I.V. , Grebeniuk D.I. , Mashevska O.V.
Published: April 2021

Along with a good antitumor effect, Doxorubicin has a systemic effect with damage to vital organs, in particular the heart. The lack of a unified approach to dosing and the frequency of administration of Doxorubicin in the experiment prompts the search for an optimal model of Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy. The aim of the study was to develop a method of serial administration of Doxorubicin in medium therapeutic doses in an experiment and to evaluate the cardiotoxic effect of the drug. 42 female Wistar rats were included in the study. The control group consisted of 7 intact rats. The experimental group consisted of 35 rats who received systemic chemotherapy with Doxorubicin at a dose of 5 mg/kg once a week for 5 weeks. On days 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th, the hearts of experimental animals were taken for morphological examination. Histomorphometrically determined: the diameter of cardiomyocytes (in the middle part) and the transverse diameter of their nucleus, the width of the interstitial space (endo- and perimysia). The data of histomorphological and histomorphometric examination of the myocardium testified that all animals of the experimental group had a circulatory disorder in the heart muscle at the level of hemomicrocirculation. Such changes led to cardiomyocyte hypotrophy, interstitial edema and fibrosis. During systemic chemotherapy, the animals showed marked changes in the myocardium, such as expansion of the endomysial zone, due to capillary congestion and edema, in comparison with animals of the intact group. At the end of the experiment, the animals of the experimental group retained the expansion of the endomysial zone, mainly due to interstitial fibrosis. Such changes indicate myocardial hypoxemia with damage and death of cardiomyocytes, activation of interstitial and replacement collagen formation. The obtained morphological data indicate the development of dilated cardiomyopathy in experimental animals. Serial intraperitoneal administration of Doxorubicin at a dose of 5 mg/kg once a week for 5 weeks causes morphological changes in the myocardium of experimental animals, similar to changes in the heart of people undergoing chemotherapy with this drug.
The structure of morbidity of secondary school children
Authors: Sotnikova-Meleshkina Zh.V.
Published: April 2021

Intensification of the educational process is one of the risk factors for increasing the prevalence of morphofunctional disorders, acute and chronic somatic morbidity, mental and behavioral disorders, maladaptation syndrome. Many researchers have found a negative chronological dynamics of school health and a high incidence among secondary school students. The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of the structure and dynamics of morbidity of children during secondary school. The study involved more than 266 students of secondary schools aged 10 to 14 years. The state of health was assessed according to preventive medical examinations conducted by specialists of the Institute of Child and Adolescent Health of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine with the informed consent of parents and according to the bioethical norms of the Helsinki Declaration (as amended in 2013). Statistical data processing was performed using the licensed package SPSS Statistic v.20 using Student’s t test. The highest level of morbidity was found in diseases of the endocrine system (468.4±39.7‰), the organ of vision and the appendix (322.8±37.2‰), the circulatory system (310.1±36.8‰) and respiration (303.8±36.6‰). Among girls, endocrine (520.7±57.7‰) and ophthalmological pathology (386.7±56.2‰) were more often registered, and among boys – mental and behavioral disorders (168.7±39.9‰; p<0.05). During the training, negative dynamics was determined for diseases of the endocrine system (due to a probable increase in their number among boys, at p<0.05), diseases of the digestive system, eye and appendages due to decreased visual acuity (p<0.01). In the structure of endocrine pathology, 60% were thyroid diseases in both sexes, and the prevalence of grade 1 obesity was higher among boys (p<0.05). Mental and behavioral disorders were mainly represented by disorders of activity and attention in adolescent boys, sleep disorders – in girls; hyperkinetic behavioral disorders – in both sex groups. Gender features in the structure and dynamics of morbidity of secondary school students to a greater extent in diseases of the endocrine system, eye and appendix with a general negative tendency to increase the prevalence of these groups of diseases.
The Effect of Physical Properties of Fluids on the Process of Purifying the Main Gas Pipeline from Liquid Pollutants
Authors: Slobodian N. B. , Grudz V. Ya.
Published: April 2021

The article deals with modern technical methods of improving the efficiency of gas pipelines cleaning. The most effective method of improving the efficiency of a gas pipeline is its periodical cleaning with mechanical treating units. In practice, a large number of cleaning pistons of various technological designs are used. Regardless of the design, none of them can completely remove the fluid accumulations. The reason for the decrease in efficiency is the presence of fluid in the cavity of the pipeline. The fluid can be of two types – high-viscosity resinous deposits and low-viscosity liquid deposits.  When moving, they perform the role of local resistance. The type of the main gas pipeline purification process is largely determined by the physical properties of the fluid which is being displaced. The authors specify the functional dependence of the velocity distribution in the pipe cross-section while displacing the Newtonian fluid, as well as the value of the initial pressure of the liquid phase on the cleaning piston. The interaction of a purifying device with fluid accumulations having different physical properties is investigated. The authors develop the algorithm of calculating the volume of the flows over a moving boundary into a back-piston space, in relation to their velocity. The dependence of the volume of fluid flows caused by hydraulic shock for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids is composed. Based on the calculations, the authors plot the graphical dependence of the correction coefficient on the ratio of dynamic viscosity to the degree of consistency, as well as the dependence of the total flow rate on the speed of movement of the cleaning unit. The formula for calculating the correction coefficient is obtained. The article presents the results of calculating the value of the correction coefficient which takes into account the rheological properties of the fluid. In relation to the properties and rheology of the non-Newtonian fluid, the authors determine the optimal velocity of a treating unit.
Understanding Islamic Education Management in Digital Era: What Experts Say
Authors: Ekasari Silvia , Orba Manullang Sardjana , Wahab Syakhrani Abdul , Amin Husna
Published: April 2021

Since technology changed the world, all business activities have changed completely, especially in developed countries significantly. As a result, state leaders adopted a policy that had never happened, namely the application of technology in all fields so that almost all activities in the world used technology to continue activities even though they were not fully ready. Likewise, by incorporating technology into education, which is now increasingly digital, the education industry can continue to be sustainable, more affordable, and achieve maximum goals. In particular, this study wants to understand the application of technology in Islamic education governance. For this reason, our data search efforts are carried out with electronic assistance, Google Scholar, in other applications. Our analysis then involves coding the system, evaluating, and interpreting the data in depth to produce valid and reliable findings. We conducted this study in a qualitative data review design on publications published from 2010 to 2021 to find the most recent data. Based on the discussion of the findings data, it can be concluded that these findings have answered several questions, including that the management of Islamic education institutions appreciates and appreciates the use of digital technology or websites in graduate preparation programs that have the same knowledge and upskills balance between the interests of the world and the preparation for the hereafter.
Strategic Spatial Planning in Emerging Land-Use Frontiers – Evidence from Mozambique
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo , Meyfroidt Patrick
Published: April 2021

Strategic spatial planning (SSP) represents a consolidated long-term governance practice across developed and developing countries. It articulates sectoral policies, and it involves vision making and an array of stakeholders regarding land use and development issues around urban and rural territories. Land-use frontiers are territories with abundant land for agriculture and forestry, availability of natural resources relative to labor or capital, and rapid land-use change, often driven by large-scale investments and capitalized actors producing commodities for distal markets. Among various reasons, one of the objectives of SSP processes is to articulate a more coherent and future-oriented spatial logic for sustainable land-use patterns, resource protection and investments. SSP may thus constitute a useful approach to address some of the challenges posed to the governance of land-use frontiers, thus far, its potential contribution in land-use frontiers lacks an explicitly exploration. Here, we examine how SSP can play a role in governing land-use frontiers, through a case-study analysis of Mozambique as an emerging investment frontier. We gathered empirical evidence by interviewing experts involved in resource management, planning and strategizing territorial development in the country, complemented by a content analysis of literature and policy documents. We show that emerging land-use frontiers face several challenges, such as transnational land deals and intensification of commercial plantations. Interview data show that Mozambique lacks a strategic territorial vision, and the short-termism of political cycles hinders long-term territorial development, primarily in rural areas with plentiful land. Our analysis shows that SSP processes could contribute to address both global and country-specific challenges such as poverty traps and land degradation spirals, if various local and distant actors join forces and marry interests. We conclude by presenting a systematic framework explaining how SSP could play a role in governing emerging land-use frontiers for sustainable pathways.
PENYULUHAN HIPERTENSI MELALUI WHATSAPP GROUP SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGENDALIAN HIPERTENSI
Authors: Fakhriyah Fakhriyah , Athiyya Noor , Jubaidah Jubaidah , Fitriani Lisa
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAKArtikel ini merupakan pengabdian masyarakat yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat di Desa Aluh-Aluh Besar Kecamatan Aluh-Aluh Kabupaten Banjar dalam mencegah penyakit hipertensi. Berdasarkan hasil diagnosa komunitas, masih banyak didapatkan masyarakat yang terkena hipertensi. Selain itu, berdasarkan informasi yang diperoleh menunjukan masih rendahnya pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai hipertensi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penyuluhan ini adalah 1) perencanaan dan persiapan berupa perizinan, membuat whatsapp grup serta mengundang masyarakat sasaran. Selanjutnya tim menyusun kuesioner pre-post test, membuat materi dan media penyuluhan, 2) pelaksanaan dan proses berupa penyajian materi dan penutupan, 3) monitoring dan evaluasi, monitoring dari program ini adalah dengan selalu mem-booster pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat, evaluasi dari program ini dapat dilihat dari peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap masyrakat. Hasil penyuluhan menunjukan peningkatan pengetahuan mengenai penyakit hipertensi dari sebelum 76,9% dan setelah mendapatkan materi menjadi 100% dan terjadi peningkatan sikap dari sebelum 92,3% dan setelah mendapatkan materi menjadi 100%. Kata kunci: penyuluhan; hipertensi; whatsapp grup. ABSTRACTThis article is a community service that aims to improve the knowledge and attitudes of the community in Aluh-Aluh Besar Village, Aluh-Aluh District, Banjar Regency in preventing hypertension. Based on the results of community diagnosis, there are still many people affected by hypertension. It was, based on the information obtained, public knowledge about hypertension was still low. The methods used in this outreach are 1) planning and preparation in the form of licensing, creating whatsapp groups and inviting target communities. Furthermore, the team compiled a pre-post test questionnaire, made counseling materials and media, 2) implementation and process in the form of material presentation and closure, 3) monitoring and evaluation, monitoring of this program is to always increase community knowledge and attitudes, evaluation of this program can seen from the increase in knowledge and attitudes of the community. The results of counseling increased knowledge about hypertension before 76.9% and after the material became 100% and the attitude increased from before 92.3% and after getting the material to 100%. Keywords: counseling; hypertension; whatsapp group.
PENGEMBANGAN ALAT PERAGA FISIKA BERBASIS HOME MATERIAL MATERI SUHU DAN KALOR
Authors: Fitriah Fitriah , Utami Linda Sekar , Sabaryati Johri , Isnaini M.
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan alat peraga pembelajaran berbasis home materials pada materi suhu dan kalor untuk meningkatkan kreativitas belajar siswa kelas VII. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode research and development  yang dikembangkan Sugiyono dengan langkah–langkah : (1) Potensi dan Masalah, (2) Pengumpulan Data, (3) Desain Produk, (4) Validasi Desain, (5) Uji Coba Pemakaian, (6) Revisi Produk, (7) Uji Coba Produk, (8) Revisi Desain, (9) Revisi Produk, (10) Produksi massal. Alat peraga yang dikembangkan akan melalui tahap validasi yang dilakukan oleh ahli materi, ahli media, guru pengajar, dan siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, dokumentasi, angket dan tes uraian. Untuk mengetahui alat peraga dapat meningkatkan kreativitas belajar siswa kelas VII diuji keefektifannya menggunakan uji Gain Skor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alat peraga pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan kreativitas siswa hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai rata-rata siswa sebelum menggunakan alat peraga yaitu sebesar 46 dan setelah menggunakan alat peraga nilai rata-rata siswa menjadi 86 dan besar nilai n-gain diperoleh 0,74. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa alat peraga pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan kreativitas belajar siswa kelas VII F SMPN 19 Mataram. Kata kunci : pengembangan alat peraga fisika; materi suhu dan kalor. ABSTRACTThis study aims to develop teaching aids based on home materials on temperature and heat to improve the learning creativity of grade VII students. The method used in this research is the research and development method developed by Sugiyono with the following steps: (1) Potential and Problems, (2) Data Collection, (3) Product Design, (4) Design Validation, (5) Usage Trial , (6) Product Revision, (7) Product Trial, (8) Design Revision, (9) Product Revision, (10) Mass production. The teaching aids developed will go through a validation stage carried out by material experts, media experts, teaching teachers, and students. The data were collected by means of observation, documentation, questionnaires and test descriptions. To find out that the props can improve the learning creativity of class VII students, their effectiveness is tested using the Gain Score test. The results showed that learning aids could increase students 'creativity. This was indicated by the mean score of students before using props which was 46 and after using props the students' average score was 86 and the n-gain value was 0.74. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the teaching aids can increase the learning creativity of class VII F students of SMPN 19 Mataram. Keywords : physics teaching aids development; temperature and heat material.
Tuna blood inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 macrophages
Authors: Klaypradit Wanwimol , Hawangjoo Mantira , Ngasakul Nujamee , Chonpathompikunlert Pennapa , Limpawattana Maruj , Sukketsiri Wanida
Published: April 2021

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammation effects of the freeze-dried tuna whole blood (FTB), and freeze-dried tuna blood cell (FTC) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.Methods: The RAW264.7 cells were pre-administered with FTB and FTC at different concentrations for 2 h and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in RAW 264.7 cells were then determined.Results: The results showed that only FTB remarkably abolished LPS-induced ROS in RAW264.7 cells. FTB and FTC significantly decreased LPS-induced NO which IC50 values of FTB and FTC after 24 h were 78.58 and 22.47 μg/mL, respectively. TNF-α and IL-1β secretion were abolished by FTB and FTC in LPS-stimulated macrophages which IC50 values of both FTB and FTC after 24 h were more than 25 μg/mL, respectively. However, the efficacy of FTC against inflammatory mediators was due to cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 cells.Conclusion: Tuna whole blood potentially inhibits inflammation through modulating the synthesis of several mediators and cytokines associated with the development of inflammation. These findings suggest a role of tuna blood on anti-inflammatory activity.Keywords: Anti-inflammatory activity, RAW 264.7 cells, red blood cell, tuna blood, waste utilization
A top-level model of case-based argumentation for explanation: Formalisation and experiments
Authors: Prakken Henry , Ratsma Rosa
Published: April 2021

This paper proposes a formal top-level model of explaining the outputs of machine-learning-based decision-making applications and evaluates it experimentally with three data sets. The model draws on AI & law research on argumentation with cases, which models how lawyers draw analogies to past cases and discuss their relevant similarities and differences in terms of relevant factors and dimensions in the problem domain. A case-based approach is natural since the input data of machine-learning applications can be seen as cases. While the approach is motivated by legal decision making, it also applies to other kinds of decision making, such as commercial decisions about loan applications or employee hiring, as long as the outcome is binary and the input conforms to this paper’s factor- or dimension format. The model is top-level in that it can be extended with more refined accounts of similarities and differences between cases. It is shown to overcome several limitations of similar argumentation-based explanation models, which only have binary features and do not represent the tendency of features towards particular outcomes. The results of the experimental evaluation studies indicate that the model may be feasible in practice, but that further development and experimentation is needed to confirm its usefulness as an explanation model. Main challenges here are selecting from a large number of possible explanations, reducing the number of features in the explanations and adding more meaningful information to them. It also remains to be investigated how suitable our approach is for explaining non-linear models.
Human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infections in breast cancer: A molecular study on Iranian women
Authors: Ghaffari Hadi , Tavakoli Ahmad , Nafissi Nahid , Farahmand Mohammad , Ghorbani Saied , Moochani Somayeh Sadat , Hashemi-Bahremani Mohammad , Alebouyeh Mahmoud Reza , Monavari Seyed Hamidreza
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The role of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections in breast cancer pathology is not well understood. Our study aimed to investigate the association of HCMV and EBV infections with breast cancer and distinguish the types of positive EBV and LMP-1 samples in Iranian patients. METHODS: Seventy-two formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissues were analyzed between December 2014 and April 2016. Samples were analyzed for HCMV and EBV using nested-PCR and conventional PCR assays, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 18. RESULTS: Overall, HCMV and EBV genomes were detected in 6.9% and 16.7% of FFPE breast cancer tissues, respectively. Clinical factors were not statistically associated with the presence of HCMV and EBV. CONCLUSION: In this study, we reported EBV and LMP-1 typing in breast carcinoma cases for the first time in Iran. Our findings indicate that HCMV and EBV infections are not associated with the development of breast cancer.
Detecting accurate tumor size across imaging modalities in breast cancer
Authors: Sogunro Olutayo , Cashen Constance , Fakir Sami , Stausmire Julie , Buderer Nancy
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: Of the most common imaging modalities for breast cancer diagnosis – mammogram (MAM), ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – it has not been well established which of these most accurately corresponds to the histological tumor size. OBJECTIVE: To determine which imaging modality (MAM, US, MRI) is most accurate for determining the histological tumor size of breast lesions. METHODS: A retrospective study of 76 breast cancers found in 73 female patients who received MAM, US, and/or MRI was performed. 239 charts were reviewed and 73 patients met inclusion criteria. Analysis was performed using signed rank tests comparing the reported tumor size on the imaging modality to the tumor size on pathology report. RESULTS: Mammography and ultrasonography underestimated tumor size by 3.5 mm and 4 mm (p-values < 0.002), respectively. MRI tends to overestimate tumor size by 3 mm (p-value = 0.0570). Mammogram was equivalent to pathological size within 1 mm 24% of the time and within 2 mm 35% of the time. CONCLUSIONS: No one single modality is the most accurate for detecting tumor size. When interpreting the size reported on breast imaging modalities, the amount of underestimation and overestimation in tumor size should be considered for both clinical staging and surgical decision-making.
Temporal Dynamic Changes of Intrinsic Brain Activity Associated with Cognitive Reserve in Prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lin Yajie ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Zeng Qingze , Hu MengJie , Peng Guoping , Luo Benyan
Published: April 2021

Background: Cognitive reserve (CR) is an important protective factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Objective: To explore the effect of CR on resting and dynamic brain intrinsic activity in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: 65 amyloid-β PET-negative (Aβ-) normal controls (NC) and 30 amyloid-β PET-positive (Aβ+) MCI patients underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were included from Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. According to the years of education, the subjects were divided into high education group and low education group. A two-way analysis of variance was employed for the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and dynamic fALFF (dfALFF) comparisons among the four groups. Moreover, the interaction effect of neuroimaging×pathology on clinical cognitive function was tested with linear regression analysis. Results: The value of fALFF in the left prefrontal lobe was increased in Aβ+ MCI patients compared to Aβ- NC. The significant interactive effect between disease state and education (binary factor) was observed in the right parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) for fALFF, the right PHG and the right inferior parietal lobule for dfALFF. While no significant results between education (continuous factor) and brain activity was found in voxel-by-voxel analysis. For MCI patients, a significant fluorodeoxyglucose hypometabolic convergence index×right PHG dfALFF interaction was found, indicating the maintenance of executive function at higher levels of dfALFF in the right PHG. Conclusion: High CR can alleviate the impairment of hypometabolism on executive function in MCI patients, which is partially achieved by regulating the dynamic brain activity in the right PHG.
Mortality After Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia and Other Dementia Disorders
Authors: Zupanic Eva , von Euler Mia , Winblad Bengt , Xu Hong , Secnik Juraj , Kramberger Milica Gregoric , Religa Dorota , Norrving Bo , Garcia-Ptacek Sara
Published: April 2021

Background: Stroke and dementia are interrelated diseases and risk for both increases with age. Even though stroke incidence and age-standardized death rates have decreased due to prevention of stroke risk factors, increased utilization of reperfusion therapies, and other changes in healthcare, the absolute numbers are increasing due to population growth and aging. Objective: To analyze predictors of death after stroke in patients with dementia and investigate possible time and treatment trends. Methods: A national longitudinal cohort study 2007–2017 using Swedish national registries. We compared 12,629 ischemic stroke events in patients with dementia with matched 57,954 stroke events in non-dementia controls in different aspects of patient care and mortality. Relationship between dementia status and dementia type (Alzheimer’s disease and mixed dementia, vascular dementia, other dementias) and death was analyzed using Cox regressions. Results: Differences in receiving intravenous thrombolysis between patients with and without dementia disappeared after the year 2015 (administered to 11.1% dementia versus 12.3% non-dementia patients, p = 0.117). One year after stroke, nearly 50% dementia and 30% non-dementia patients had died. After adjustment for demographics, mobility, nursing home placement, and comorbidity index, dementia was an independent predictor of death compared with non-dementia patients (HR 1.26 [1.23–1.29]). Conclusion: Dementia before ischemic stroke is an independent predictor of death. Over time, early and delayed mortality in patients with dementia remained increased, regardless of dementia type. Patients with≤80 years with prior Alzheimer’s disease or mixed dementia had higher mortality rates after stroke compared to patients with prior vascular dementia.
Promoting Successful Cognitive Aging: A Ten-Year Update
Authors: Krivanek Taylor J. , Gale Seth A. , McFeeley Brittany M. , Nicastri Casey M. , Daffner Kirk R.
Published: April 2021

A decade has passed since we published a comprehensive review in this journal addressing the topic of promoting successful cognitive aging, making this a good time to take stock of the field. Because there have been limited large-scale, randomized controlled trials, especially following individuals from middle age to late life, some experts have questioned whether recommendations can be legitimately offered about reducing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Despite uncertainties, clinicians often need to at least make provisional recommendations to patients based on the highest quality data available. Converging lines of evidence from epidemiological/cohort studies, animal/basic science studies, human proof-of-concept studies, and human intervention studies can provide guidance, highlighting strategies for enhancing cognitive reserve and preventing loss of cognitive capacity. Many of the suggestions made in 2010 have been supported by additional research. Importantly, there is a growing consensus among major health organizations about recommendations to mitigate cognitive decline and promote healthy cognitive aging. Regular physical activity and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors have been supported by all of these organizations. Most organizations have also embraced cognitively stimulating activities, a heart-healthy diet, smoking cessation, and countering metabolic syndrome. Other behaviors like regular social engagement, limiting alcohol use, stress management, getting adequate sleep, avoiding anticholinergic medications, addressing sensory deficits, and protecting the brain against physical and toxic damage also have been endorsed, although less consistently. In this update, we review the evidence for each of these recommendations and offer practical advice about behavior-change techniques to help patients adopt brain-healthy behaviors.
Associations of Neuropsychiatric Features with Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Amyloidogenesis and Neurodegeneration in Dementia with Lewy Bodies Compared with Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognitively Healthy People
Authors: de Oliveira Fabricio Ferreira , Miraldo Marjorie Câmara , de Castro-Neto Eduardo Ferreira , de Almeida Sandro Soares , Matas Sandro Luiz de Andrade , Bertolucci Paulo Henrique Ferreira , Naffah-Mazzacoratti Maria da Graça
Published: April 2021

Background: Behavioral features may reflect proteinopathies predicting pathophysiology in neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: We aimed to investigate associations of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of amyloidogenesis and neurodegeneration with neuropsychiatric features in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) compared with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cognitively healthy people. Methods: Consecutive outpatients with DLB were paired with outpatients with AD according to sex, dementia stage, and cognitive scores, and with cognitively healthy controls according to sex and age to investigate associations of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β (Aβ)42, Aβ40, Aβ38, total tau, phospho-tau Thr181, α-synuclein, ubiquitin, and neurofilament light with neuropsychiatric features according to APOE ɛ4 carrier status. Results: Overall, 27 patients with DLB (78.48±9.0 years old, eleven APOE ɛ4 carriers) were paired with 27 patients with AD (81.00±5.8 years old, twelve APOE ɛ4 carriers) and 27 controls (78.48±8.7 years old, four APOE ɛ4 carriers); two thirds were women. Behavioral burden was more intense in DLB. Biomarker ratios reflecting amyloidogenesis and neurodegeneration in DLB were more similar to those in AD when patients carried APOE ɛ4 alleles. After corrections for false discovery rates, the following associations remained significant: in DLB, dysphoria was associated with tauopathy and indirect measures of amyloidogenesis, while in AD, agitation, and night-time behavior disturbances were associated with tauopathy, and delusions were associated with tauopathy and indirect measures of amyloidogenesis. Conclusion: Biomarker ratios were superior to Aβ and tau biomarkers predicting neuropsychiatric symptoms when associations with isolated biomarkers were not significant. At the end, APOE ɛ4 carrier status influenced amyloidogenesis and tau pathology in DLB and in AD, and axonal degeneration only in DLB.