bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological characters and N uptake of Mint (Mentha piperita) with the growing media composition treatment
Authors: Hasanah Y , Sitepu F E , Butar Butar R R
Published: June 2019

Growing media plays an important role as a source of nutrition for plant growth so that the growing media can affect the quality of plant growth. This research aimed to identify the morphological characters and N uptake of mint plants treated with a different composition of growing media. The research was conducted using a Non-Factorial Randomized Block Design with seven treatments of growing media composition and four replications. The treatment is top soil; top soil + biochar (3: 1, v/v), top soil + chicken manure (3: 1, v/v), top soil+oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) compost (3: 1, v/v), top soil + OPEFB compost+chicken manure (2: 1: 1, v/v/v), top soil+biochar+chicken manure (2: 1: 1, v/v/v) and top soil+biochar+compost (2: 1 : 1, v/v/v). The results showed that the composition of the top soil+OPEFB compost (3: 1, v/v) media was the best composition of growing media because it produced the sprouting age, number of shoots, length of shoots and N nutrient uptake of mint plants were higher than the composition of other growing media.
Normal distribution of agronomic characters and plant heritability of soybean F2 population hybridization between salt resistance genotype and Anjasmoro variety
Authors: Rahmawati N , Rosmayati  , Astari R P
Published: June 2019

The increase of soybean production should be pursued continuously, including the utilization of marginal land such as saline soils. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of normal distribution and heritability of agronomic characters of soybean F2 population hybridization salt resistance genotype and Anjasmoro variety to support the expansion of planting area in the saline land. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Agricultural land experiments using saline soil as planting media with salinity levels 5-6 dS/m was conducted in March to May 2015. The data were analysed using chi-square test for suitability distribution normal. The results showed the frequency of character plants height, the number of productive branches, flowering dates follow a normal distribution, while the frequency distribution of harvesting, number of seeds/plant and seed weight/plant does not follow a normal distribution. Heritability belonging to the high criteria on plant height, number of productive branches, harvesting, the flowering dates, number of seeds/plant and seed weight / plant belonging to the moderate criteria. The results showed the genetic potential of plants to be developed in saline land in support of the expansion of soybean planting in saline soil.
Changes in biochemical characteristics in shade soybean plants
Authors: Mawarni L , Nisa T , Karyudi
Published: June 2019

Shade conditions will change the morpho-physiological and biochemical of plants. This study examined the biochemical characteristic changes including four shade soybeans varieties, total leaf sugar, seed protein, and seed fat content. A split-plot factorial design was used in this study with three replications. The treatments consisted of shading level as the main plot with 4 treatment levels, i.e. no shade, 30%, 50%, and 70% shade; soybean varieties as the subplot consisted of four varieties, i.e. Anjasmoro, Pangrango, Tanggamus, and Nanti. Analysis of total leaf sugar was using the total sugar measurement by seed protein and seed fat content measurement was conducted using Proximate Composition Analysis. The results showed an increasement on total leaf sugar in shade condition. The Anjasmoro and Tanggamus varieties produced a lower seed protein and seed fat content compared to the other varieties at all shade levels. In contrast, the Nanti variety showed a high seed protein and seed fat content at all shade level conditions.
Relationship pattern and morphological characterization of brown rice in Munte and Payung Subdistrict, Karo
Authors: Bayu E S , Winarti W , Damanik R I M
Published: June 2019

Brown rice is known to be a good source of antioxidants, due to the presence of anthocyanin pigments that produce antioxidants, which makes it very well consumed because it can brownuce the risk of diabetes and other degenerative diseases. The aims of this research are to characterize morphology, determine kinship patterns, and anthocyanin content from brown rice (Oryza nivara L.). The study was carried out in Munte and Payung Subdistricts, Karo District. Descriptive survey method uses the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) guide. The technique of determining the location intentionally and sampling by chance. The most dominant differences in morphological characters in brown rice in the three land locations in two sub-districts are the flag leaf shape, panicle appearance, age of flowering, grain length, rice shape and colour of the rice. The anthocyanin content test used analytical methods by homogenizing the sample. Exploration results obtained 72 accessions divided into three land locations. Based on the test of anthocyanin content obtained land A has the highest content of 0.5 mg/100 g and the lowest is B area of 0.08 mg/100 g.
Growth and yield of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculantum Mill.) as influenced by the combination of liquid organic fertilizer concentration and branch pruning
Authors: Mooy L M , Hasan A , Onsili R
Published: June 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer combination and branch pruning toward the growth and yield of tomatoes. The design was Random Design Single factor group with 3 replications. Those were K0 (without LOF and without pruning); K1 (without LOF by pruning 1 branch); K2 (without LOF by pruning 2 branches); K3 (LOF 50 mL/L of water without pruning); K4 (LOF 50 mL/L of water by pruning 1 branch); K5 (LOF 50 mL/L of water by pruning 2 branches); K6 (LOF 100 mL/L of water without pruning); K7 (LOF 100 mL/L of water by pruning 1 branch); K8 (LOF 100 mL/L of water by pruning 2 branches); K9 (LOF 150 mL/L of water without pruning); K10 (LOF 150 mL/L of water by pruning 1 branch); K11 (LOF 150 mL/L of water by pruning 2 branches). The study showed that the treatment of LOF concentration 100 mL/L of water and pruning 1 branch (K7) affected the plants height of 21 DAP (45.25 cm), 28 DAP (68.83 cm), and 35 DAP (88.00 cm); number of leaves (31.00); number (37.50); weight (393.22 g); and diameter (5.11 cm) which significantly different from others.
Sequence analysis of Ganoderma boninense isolates from oil palm
Authors: Purba A , Basyuni M , Putri L A P , Chalil D , Hayati R , Arifiyanto D , Syahputra I
Published: June 2019

Basal Stem Rot (BSR) is a prevalent oil palm disease caused by Ganoderma fungus. Many oil palm plantations suffered losses due to BSR disease, which caused deaths of oil palm crops. Ganoderma has host plants from the Palmae family such as oil palm, coconut, Nipah, aren, areca nut, papyrus, and also can be found in Industrial Plantation Forest (HTI) like Acacia, even in the forest wood can also be encountered Ganoderma. Ganoderma has high genetic diversity. Fruiting bodies which isolated from oil palm tree located in different locations is one of the factors causing genetic diversity. The Ganoderma isolates analysed in this study were isolates derived from different oil palm plantation. Ganoderma isolates collection of PT Socfindo is used in a screening test to obtain oil palm material which has resistance to Ganoderma attack. The present study confirmed through DNA sequences that Ganoderma derived from oil palm has been defined as a Ganoderma boninense, that is very virulent for the appearance of BSR disease.
Effect of tricoderma and organic fertilizers on vegetatif growth of black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) under field condition
Authors: Syam N , Boceng A , Jufri N , Suharman
Published: June 2019

Black pepper is a high nutrient demanding crop. However, over utilize of chemist fertilizer may give a negative impact to the environment and human health. Therefore, fertilizer use and management is crucial infortance to sustain growth and high yield. This Field experiment is carried out to study the effect of Tricoderma harzianum and liquid organic fertilizers on vegetatif growth of Black Pepper. The research method is design by Randomized Block Design (RBD) Factorial two factors. Parameters observed are the time of emergence of tendrils, spiraling length, number of tendrils, number of leaves and number of productive branches. The observed data obtained were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and further tested by Tukey’s HSD Test at 5%. The result of this research is expected to have a better effect of Tricoderma and one of the liquid organic fertilizers on vegetatif growth of black pepper in the field. Therefore, Biological Agent and organic fertilizer can be an alternative way to substitute NPK fertilizer that can reduce the chemist fertilizer utilization. In conclusion, to achieve high growth performance, organic fertilizer alone is insuffcient whilst integrated fertilization gave a signifcant increase in yield and growth of black pepper.
Rural development in the project perspective
Authors: Petrova L , Chernyaeva T , Chernyaeva K
Published: June 2019

The article deals with the development of rural areas in the context of political decisions, project management and psychological specificity of the Russian hinterland.
Developing the specialized potato growing in the region
Authors: Silaeva L , Kislova I
Published: June 2019

With the development of the market in the agro-industrial production, the growth of the effective functioning of the food market and the development of a more developed potato market, its supply through the inter-regional exchange will increase due to the further deepening of the specialization of regions in which there are more favorable both natural and economic conditions for growing potatoes intended for consumption in fresh and processed form. The main direction of deepening specialization and increasing the concentration of the production of marketable potatoes should be a focus on those regions in which economic and natural factors contribute to the more efficient development of interregional relations. It will also have a beneficial effect on the process of formation of the all-Russian potato market, an increase in the import of potatoes to regions where its production does not provide rational consumption rates, and export from regions with a high level of per capita production.
Innovations in the open-field vegetable growing
Authors: Zaltan E , Ashmarina T
Published: June 2019

The development of vegetable production has good prospects in the future, which will certainly contribute to the introduction of innovative technologies. The introduction of the food embargo has stimulated an increase in the production of vegetables. Using theoretical and empirical research methods, the authors identified a positive trend in the development of the industry as a whole in the Russian Federation and agricultural producers in the Moscow region in particular. The research clearly shows that the level of investments in the industry is insufficient, despite the strengthening of state support. Expanding the business of existing agricultural producers and launching new projects do not yet allow to fully solve the issue of self-sufficiency. The level of profitability of the production of vegetables of large and small producers in the range of 20-30%. The main factors of the effectiveness of the cultivation of vegetables (yield, product quality, production costs) are considered. The evolutionary characteristics of intensive technology of growing vegetables are also reviewed in the paper. Transitioning to an adapted biologized model of growing vegetables is proposed, which is based on environmental and economic aspects. Directions of this model: constructing a competent plant protection, restoring soil fertility through working with crop residues, ensuring an effective use of mineral fertilizers. This innovative technology makes it possible, in the conditions of under-financing of the industry, to raise profitability in the vegetable farms to a level above 50% in a very short term.
Ensuring the economic interests of the founders, owners, and investors in the agricultural business
Authors: Uspenskaya I
Published: June 2019

Based on the materials of the group of joint-stock companies of agricultural business, the characteristics reflecting the implementation of private property instruments implemented in joint-stock companies aimed at ensuring the economic interests of owners, founders, and investors that stimulate initiative and entrepreneurship are considered.
On creating digital land management in the framework of the program on digital economy of the Russian Federation
Authors: Papaskiri T , Kasyanov A , Ananicheva E
Published: June 2019

The article deals with the problems of modern land management and land use planning in the context of the new program of development of the country on the basis of the digital economy. Informatization of all branches of knowledge, caused by scientific and technological progress, determines the level of development of economic sectors, including land management. These and other reasons suggest the need to create a new concept of modern land management on the basis of its full digitalization.
Methodology for assessing the development of rural territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation as the basis for their differentiation and typology
Authors: Kozlov A , Yakovleva O , Novikov V
Published: June 2019

The article presents a methodology for comparative assessment of the state and regulation of rural territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of socio-economic development. Within the scope of the research, the paper developes evaluation criteria and indicators for analyzing the level and dynamics of rural development, on the basis of which the authors propose the differentiation and typology of rural territories.
Strategic directions of export-import agrarian policy in the context of global challenges
Authors: Chekalin V , Serkov A , Kharina M
Published: June 2019

Agriculture is one of the priority sectors of the Russian economy. Along with the important social significance of the agricultural sector, its role in ensuring the growth rate of the economy as a whole and the foreign economic activity of the country is increasing. At the same time, the development of the agricultural sector is under the influence of both global and internal challenges. As a result of the study, it was found that the current level of differentiation of the population in terms of income and, accordingly, the level of food consumption retain the potential for the development of domestic agriculture due to domestic demand. More than that, they are subject to the growth of household income and the reduction of inequality. As this task is accomplished, the possibility of supplying food for export will become increasingly important for the development of the industry. At the same time, measures will be required to regulate agriculture as part of the industry development programs developed for the upcoming period, which would reduce the risks associated with climate change and adverse weather conditions, technological threats, and a number of others.
Quality management of the apiproduct from the drone larvae
Authors: Prokhoda I A , Eliseeva E V , Katunina N P , Laktyushina O V , Tachkova I A , Litvin F B
Published: June 2019

The paper deals with the process of the apiproduct quality management, reflects the organization of its production and the factors that form and preserve the native properties of a highly biologically active product from the drone larvae. Possibility of the apiproduct manufacturing at the small innovative enterprise “Apiproduct” (SIE “Apiproduct” Ltd.) in two forms - as a paste and a powder - is demonstrated in the article. The main qualitative indicators - the organoleptic (color, taste, smell and consistency) and the physicochemical (mass fraction of water, proteins, fats, sugars, amino acids and fatty acids, vitamins and minerals) ones have been studied. According to the results of the organoleptic tests of the paste and powder, it has been identified that these are the pasty and powdery substances of the light yellow with a pleasant bread taste, without any foreign tastes and smells; they completely dissolve in water, their pH is 5.8 … 7.0, and they do not contain any mechanical impurities. According to the results of physical and chemical studies, it has been established that this is the paste with a solids content of 23.2%; it contains 13.2% of proteins, up to 9.5% of sugars and 1.2% of fats. It is established that the powder is characterized by a significant content of proteins (51.2%), vitamins and minerals, the content of which is 4 times higher than in the paste. The contained protein refers to a full-fledged one, and on the lysine, tryptophan and histidine it exceeds the level of ideal protein on the FAO/WHO scale by several times. The apiproduct contains up to 5% of fats and 28 higher fatty acids. The quantitative composition of fats practically corresponds to the formula of a balanced diet. The authors found that the factors shaping the quality of the apiproduct include raw materials and production technology. The author’s technology for the production of the apiproduct “Bilar” includes the following stages: cultivation, reception and grinding of larvae to biomass, sublimation vacuum drying of the biomass and obtaining a powder with a mass fraction of moisture of 2%. It has been established that drying preserves biologically active substances (β-carotene and α-tocopherol) and biopolymers (proteins, lipids and sugars) by 98.8 … 99.5%. The factors that preserve the quality of the apiproduct include packaging and storage.
Mechanism for managing the transition to sustainable development of natural-anthropogenic complexes of rural areas created as a result of the production of grain crops
Authors: Shumakova O V , Nardin D S , Nardina S A
Published: June 2019

The article substantiates a methodological approach to the formation of a mechanism for managing the transition to the sustainable development of natural and anthropogenic complexes in rural areas of the region, created as a result of grain production. A method of analyzing the level of impact of natural and anthropogenic complexes on natural landscapes and the level of socio-economic development of rural areas of the region has been developed. The methodology analyzed and proposed a set of measures aimed at creating a mechanism for managing the transition to sustainable development of natural and anthropogenic complexes in rural areas of the Omsk region.
Developing an emulsion product with a functional purpose using an emulsifier of plant origin
Authors: Zhmurina N D , Yu Kobzeva S , Shelepina N V , Baturina N A , Vlasova M V
Published: June 2019

Emulsion products, with vegetable oil in a dispersed state, occupy a definite place among promising fatty foods, which increases their digestibility and nutritional value. In addition, food emulsions for different populations can be created by changing the ratios of different types of oil in the recipe. The presence of the aqueous phase allows one to enter into the composition of the emulsions of water-soluble physiologically functional ingredients, as well as the use of non-traditional emulsifiers of plant origin. Therefore, work in this direction is promising. The article assesses consumer motivation when choosing sauces, as one of the stages of creating functional products, in order to study the demand for new functional sauces. Theoretically, based on the study of chemical and amino acid composition, as well as the organoleptic evaluation of the powder from dried champignons, the expediency of its use is justified as an emulsifier of vegetable origin in the production of emulsion products of functional purpose. Based on experimental studies to establish the technological parameters for the production of an emulsion product, the following parameters were determined: optimum soaking temperature, soaking time, optimal hydromodule of the mushroom powder, concentration of the wet mushroom powder, and optimal emulsion emulsification modes. Optimization of the fat component in the emulsion product was conducted in the ratio of ω-3 and ω-6=10: 1 fatty acids for a healthy diet. Scientifically based technology and formulation of an emulsion product of a functional purpose using as a emulsifier powder of dried champignons with a balanced fatty acid composition (for healthy nutrition) and structural and mechanical characteristics as close as possible to the mayonnaise sauce. Comparative characteristics produced chemical composition and organoleptic evaluation of the emulsion product using as an emulsifier of vegetable origin and mayonnaise sauce. The absence of cholesterol, reduced energy value can be attributed to the developed emulsion product to products for healthy people and for people with high cholesterol. The high content of potassium and sodium allows its use in the diet of people with cardiovascular diseases.
Dehydration and renal failure in older persons during heatwaves-predictable, hard to identify but preventable?
Authors: Brennan Michelle , O’Keeffe Shaun T , Mulkerrin Eamon C
Published: June 2019

Extremes of temperature are likely to increase in frequency associated with climate change. Older patients are particularly vulnerable to the effects of heat with excess mortality well documented in this population. Age-associated neurohormonal changes particularly affecting the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), alterations in thermoregulatory mechanisms, changes in renal function and body composition render older persons vulnerable to dehydration, renal failure, heat stroke and increased mortality. Barriers to diagnosis and recognition of dehydration and renal failure include the absence of reliable clinical signs and cost-effective diagnostic tools. Regularly used medications also impact on physiological responses to excess heat as well as interfering with the recognition and management of dehydration during heat waves. In view of the above, anticipatory measures should be instituted ideally prior to the onset of heat waves to minimise morbidity and mortality for older people during periods of excess heat.
The extraction of complex relationships and their conversion to biological expression language (BEL) overview of the BioCreative VI (2017) BEL track
Authors: Madan Sumit , Szostak Justyna , Komandur Elayavilli Ravikumar , Tsai Richard Tzong-Han , Ali Mehdi , Qian Longhua , Rastegar-Mojarad Majid , Hoeng Julia , Fluck Juliane
Published: June 2019

Knowledge of the molecular interactions of biological and chemical entities and their involvement in biological processes or clinical phenotypes is important for data interpretation. Unfortunately, this knowledge is mostly embedded in the literature in such a way that it is unavailable for automated data analysis procedures. Biological expression language (BEL) is a syntax representation allowing for the structured representation of a broad range of biological relationships. It is used in various situations to extract such knowledge and transform it into BEL networks. To support the tedious and time-intensive extraction work of curators with automated methods, we developed the BEL track within the framework of BioCreative Challenges. Within the BEL track, we provide training data and an evaluation environment to encourage the text mining community to tackle the automatic extraction of complex BEL relationships. In 2017 BioCreative VI, the 2015 BEL track was repeated with new test data. Although only minor improvements in text snippet retrieval for given statements were achieved during this second BEL task iteration, a significant increase of BEL statement extraction performance from provided sentences could be seen. The best performing system reached a 32% F-score for the extraction of complete BEL statements and with the given named entities this increased to 49%. This time, besides rule-based systems, new methods involving hierarchical sequence labeling and neural networks were applied for BEL statement extraction.
Never drop your guard down after atrial septal defect closure: a case report
Authors: Bergonti Marco , Toscano Olga , Teruzzi Giovanni , Trabattoni Daniela
Published: June 2019

Background

Percutaneous atrial septal defect (ASD) closure carries a not negligible burden of complications, such as the erosion of cardiac structures surrounding the device. Complications related to erosion are rare and often occur during the first 6 months after implantation.

Case summary

A 40-year-old female patient underwent percutaneous ASD closure in 2006. After 12 years of uneventful follow-up, in March 2018, a device dislodgement causing atrial shunting was incidentally discovered and was attributed to device-induced atrial septal erosion. The patient successfully underwent surgical removal of the device and correction of the interatrial defect.

Discussion

Our purpose is to underline the importance of staged long-term imaging follow-up, even many years after a successful procedure and to highlight the possible risk factors leading to this worrisome condition. In addition, we sought to underline the possible risks associated with deficient aortic rim and explain pros and cons of different approaches.
AAV-based gene therapies for the muscular dystrophies
Authors: Crudele Julie M , Chamberlain Jeffrey S
Published: June 2019

Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a group of progressive genetic diseases affecting the musculature that are characterized by inflammatory infiltrates, necrosis and connective tissue and fat replacement of the affected muscles. Unfortunately, treatments do not exist for the vast majority of MD patients. Adeno-associated viral vector (AAV)-based gene therapy is thus emerging as a potential treatment for many types of MD. Treatments strategies based on AAV are being adapted for replacement of mutant disease-causing genes, knockdown of dominant disease-causing genes using antisense oligonucleotides or inhibitory RNAs, delivery of gene editing tools such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 and effecting alterations in pre-mRNA splicing and by manipulating expression levels of modifier genes. Translational and clinical trial work focused on these types of AAV treatments for Duchenne MD, various limb girdle MDs, myotonic dystrophy 1, facioscapulohumeral MD, dysferlinopathies and congenital MDs are discussed here, with a focus on recent studies, pre-clinical large animal work and many promising ongoing and upcoming AAV clinical trials.
Gene therapy for glycogen storage diseases
Authors: Kishnani Priya S , Sun Baodong , Koeberl Dwight D
Published: June 2019

The focus of this review is the development of gene therapy for glycogen storage diseases (GSDs). GSD results from the deficiency of specific enzymes involved in the storage and retrieval of glucose in the body. Broadly, GSDs can be divided into types that affect liver or muscle or both tissues. For example, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) deficiency in GSD type Ia (GSD Ia) affects primarily the liver and kidney, while acid α-glucosidase (GAA) deficiency in GSD II causes primarily muscle disease. The lack of specific therapy for the GSDs has driven efforts to develop new therapies for these conditions. Gene therapy needs to replace deficient enzymes in target tissues, which has guided the planning of gene therapy experiments. Gene therapy with adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors has demonstrated appropriate tropism for target tissues, including the liver, heart and skeletal muscle in animal models for GSD. AAV vectors transduced liver and kidney in GSD Ia and striated muscle in GSD II mice to replace the deficient enzyme in each disease. Gene therapy has been advanced to early phase clinical trials for the replacement of G6Pase in GSD Ia and GAA in GSD II (Pompe disease). Other GSDs have been treated in proof-of-concept studies, including GSD III, IV and V. The future of gene therapy appears promising for the GSDs, promising to provide more efficacious therapy for these disorders in the foreseeable future.
A power for the future? Global Britain and the future character of conflict
Authors: Uttley Matthew , Wilkinson Benedict , van Rij Armida
Published: June 2019

This article explores how the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence's (MoD) institutional vision of the potential future character of conflict is reflected in current defence policy decision-making and future force development planning. On the face of it, institutional arrangements in the MoD suggest that the results of ‘horizon-scanning’ and ‘futures’ analysis guide long-term defence planning in the design and development of the UK's future military roles and force structure. Our analysis points to the opposite. It suggests that it is the unchallenged assumption that the UK will remain a ‘Tier One’ defence power capable of deploying military power on a global scale and the MoD's long-term planning cycle that shape long-range forecasts of the future operating environment, rather than the other way round. Our explanation for this inversion is derived from the ‘New Institutionalism’ approach to public policy analysis. In taking this approach, we suggest that the outcomes of UK defence policy formation are strongly influenced by path dependency in the form of baked-in institutional ideas about the ‘appropriate’ role of Britain as a military power (‘what should be done’), along with historical capability investments underpinning UK defence that are costly to reverse (‘what can be changed’). By extension, we argue that if these embedded path dependencies explain the development of previous and current UK defence policy, then it should come as no surprise that the current ends, ways and means in UK defence are projected forward in the MoD's institutional view of potential future operating environments, resulting in limited change within established paths.
Integrative Analysis of Transcriptomic and Proteomic Profiling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Colon Biopsies
Authors: Jin Liang , Li Li , Hu Chenqi , Paez-Cortez Jesus , Bi Yingtao , Macoritto Michael , Cao Sherry , Tian Yu
Published: June 2019

Integrative analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of IBD colon biopsies reveals key mechanisms contributing to CD and UC pathogenesis.
Effect of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor on Ethanol Withdrawal-Induced Hyperalgesia in Rats
Authors: Pradhan Amynah A , Tipton Alycia F , Zhang Huaibo , Akbari Areeb , Pandey Subhash C
Published: June 2019

Background

Increased pain sensitivity is observed following alcohol withdrawal, and attempts to alleviate this hyperalgesia can contribute to the cycle of addiction. The aim of this study was to determine if alcohol withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia was observed in a chronic ethanol exposure model and if this pain was affected by histone deacetylase inhibitors, thus revealing an epigenetic mechanism.

Methods

Adult male Sprague Dawley rats received Lieber-DeCarli liquid control or ethanol (9% v/v) diet for 15 days. Mechanical sensitivity was measured with von Frey hair stimulation of the hindpaw during ethanol administration and 24- and 72-hour withdrawal.

Results

Ethanol withdrawal produced severe and sustained mechanical hyperalgesia, an effect not observed in the control or ethanol-maintained groups. Furthermore, this hyperalgesia was attenuated by the histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid treatment.

Conclusions

Heightened pain sensitivity was observed following withdrawal from chronic ethanol exposure, and histone deacetylase inhibitors could be novel treatments for this alcohol withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia.
Eye Movements in Frogs and Salamanders—Testing the Palatal Buccal Pump Hypothesis
Authors: Witzmann F , Brainerd E L , Konow N
Published: June 2019

Synopsis

In frogs and salamanders, movements of the eyeballs in association with an open palate have often been proposed to play a functional role in lung breathing. In this “palatal buccal pump,” the eyeballs are elevated during the lowering of the buccal floor to suck air in through the nares, and the eyeballs are lowered during elevation of the buccal floor to help press air into the lungs. Here, we used X-Ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology to investigate eye movements during lung breathing and feeding in bullfrogs and axolotls. Our data do not show eye movements that would be in accordance with the palatal buccal pump. On the contrary, there is a small passive elevation of the eyeballs when the buccal floor is raised. Inward drawing of the eyeballs occurs only during body motion and for prey transport in bullfrogs, but this was not observed in axolotls. Each eye movement in bullfrogs has a vertical, a mediolateral, and an anteroposterior component. Considering the surprisingly weak posterior motion component of the eyeballs, their main role in prey transport might be fixing the prey by pressing it against the buccal floor. The retraction of the buccal floor would then contribute to the posterior push of the prey. Because our study provides no evidence for a palatal buccal pump in frogs and salamanders, there is also no experimental support for the idea of a palatal buccal pump in extinct temnospondyl amphibians, in contrast to earlier suggestions.
In Brands We Trust? A Multicategory, Multicountry Investigation of Sensitivity of Consumers’ Trust in Brands to Marketing-Mix Activities
Authors: Rajavi Koushyar , Kushwaha Tarun , Steenkamp Jan-Benedict E M
Published: June 2019

The essence of a brand is that it delivers on its promises. However, consumers’ trust in brands (CTB) has declined around the world in recent decades. As a result, CTB has become a major concern for managers. The authors examine whether CTB is influenced by marketing-mix activities (i.e., advertising, new product introduction, distribution, price, and price promotion) implemented by brands. The authors propose and show that the sensitivity of CTB to marketing-mix activities is moderated by consumer, category, and country characteristics, using a multisource data set consisting of a survey of 15,073 respondents and scanner panel data on 589 brands in 46 CPG categories across 13 countries (including the four largest emerging markets), which collectively account for half of the world’s population. The authors find strong positive effects for advertising and new product introduction intensity, weak positive effects for price and distribution intensity, and a minor negative effect for price promotion intensity on CTB. Furthermore, the authors find that the effect of marketing-mix activities on CTB is moderated by consumers’ personality traits, consumers’ reliance on brands in a category, and countries’ secular-rational and self-expression cultural values.
Differential Impacts of Citrus Thrips Across Sweet Orange and Mandarin Species
Authors: Mueller Tobias G , Kahl Hanna M , Cass Bodil N , Grafton-Cardwell Elizabeth E , Rosenheim Jay A
Published: June 2019

Several domesticated Citrus species are grown as major commercial crops in California. Despite this, farmers currently use a single set of management practices, originally created for sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck [Sapindales: Rutaceae]), for both sweet oranges and all mandarin species. Mandarins, primarily Citrus reticulata Blanco, Citrus clementina hort. ex Tanaka, and Citrus unshiu Marcovitch, comprise almost 25% of California citrus acreage, and little work has been done to assess host–pest interactions for these species. Citrus thrips (Scirtothripscitri Moulton [Thysanoptera: Thripidae]) are one of the main pests in California citrus and are major targets for early spring, “petal fall” insecticide applications. We used mixed species citrus blocks to test the influence of Citrus species, including C. sinensis, C. reticulata, C. clementina, and C. unshiu, on 1) citrus thrips densities following petal fall; 2) citrus thrips-induced scarring on both the calyx and stylar ends of fruit; and 3) fruit deformation. Citrus sinensis and C. unshiu had relatively high citrus thrips densities and scarring levels, whereas C. reticulata had lower densities of citrus thrips and scarring levels. The age structure of citrus thrips populations also varied across Citrus species. Fruit deformity associated with citrus thrips scarring was found on all Citrus species examined. Scarring on the stylar-end of fruit, a previously largely ignored location of citrus thrips scarring, was found to be common in C. reticulata. It is clear from our work that species-specific management guidelines for citrus thrips are needed in sweet oranges and mandarins.
The repeated cytogenetic analysis of subjects occupationally exposed to nanoparticles: a pilot study
Authors: Rossnerova Andrea , Pelclova Daniela , Zdimal Vladimir , Rossner Pavel , Elzeinova Fatima , Vrbova Kristyna , Topinka Jan , Schwarz Jaroslav , Ondracek Jakub , Kostejn Martin , Komarc Martin , Vlckova Stepanka , Fenclova Zdenka , Dvorackova Stepanka
Published: June 2019

The application of nanomaterials has been rapidly increasing during recent years. Inhalation exposure to nanoparticles (NP) may result in negative toxic effects but there is a critical lack of human studies, especially those related to possible DNA alterations. We analyzed pre-shift and post-shift a group of nanocomposite researchers with a long-term working background (17.8 ± 10.0 years) and matched controls. The study group consisted of 73.2% males and 26.8% females. Aerosol exposure monitoring during a working shift (involving welding, smelting, machining) to assess the differences in exposure to particulate matter (PM) including nanosized fractions <25–100 nm, and their chemical analysis, was carried out. A micronucleus assay using Human Pan Centromeric probes, was applied to distinguish between the frequency of centromere positive (CEN+) and centromere negative (CEN−) micronuclei (MN) in the binucleated cells. This approach allowed recognition of the types of chromosomal damage: losses and breaks. The monitoring data revealed differences in the exposure to NP related to individual working processes, and in the chemical composition of nanofraction. The cytogenetic results of this pilot study demonstrated a lack of effect of long-term (years) exposure to NP (total frequency of MN, P = 0.743), although this exposure may be responsible for DNA damage pattern changes (12% increase of chromosomal breaks—clastogenic effect). Moreover, short-term (daily shift) exposure could be a reason for the increase of chromosomal breaks in a subgroup of researchers involved in welding and smelting processes (clastogenic effect, P = 0.037). The gender and/or gender ratio of the study participants was also an important factor for the interpretation of the results. As this type of human study is unique, further research is needed to understand the effects of long-term and short-term exposure to NP.
Dynamic ensemble of HIV-1 RRE stem IIB reveals non-native conformations that disrupt the Rev-binding site
Authors: Chu Chia-Chieh , Plangger Raphael , Kreutz Christoph , Al-Hashimi Hashim M
Published: June 2019

The HIV-1 Rev response element (RRE) RNA element mediates the nuclear export of intron containing viral RNAs by forming an oligomeric complex with the viral protein Rev. Stem IIB and nearby stem II three-way junction nucleate oligomerization through cooperative binding of two Rev molecules. Conformational flexibility at this RRE region has been shown to be important for Rev binding. However, the nature of the flexibility has remained elusive. Here, using NMR relaxation dispersion, including a new strategy for directly observing transient conformational states in large RNAs, we find that stem IIB alone or when part of the larger RREII three-way junction robustly exists in dynamic equilibrium with non-native excited state (ES) conformations that have a combined population of ∼20%. The ESs disrupt the Rev-binding site by changing local secondary structure, and their stabilization via point substitution mutations decreases the binding affinity to the Rev arginine-rich motif (ARM) by 15- to 80-fold. The ensemble clarifies the conformational flexibility observed in stem IIB, reveals long-range conformational coupling between stem IIB and the three-way junction that may play roles in cooperative Rev binding, and also identifies non-native RRE conformational states as new targets for the development of anti-HIV therapeutics.
Two factor authentication: Asf1 mediates crosstalk between H3 K14 and K56 acetylation
Authors: Cote Joy M , Kuo Yin-Ming , Henry Ryan A , Scherman Hataichanok , Krzizike Daniel D , Andrews Andrew J
Published: June 2019

The ability of histone chaperone Anti-silencing factor 1 (Asf1) to direct acetylation of lysine 56 of histone H3 (H3K56ac) represents an important regulatory step in genome replication and DNA repair. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Asf1 interacts functionally with a second chaperone, Vps75, and the lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) Rtt109. Both Asf1 and Vps75 can increase the specificity of histone acetylation by Rtt109, but neither alter selectivity. However, changes in acetylation selectivity have been observed in histones extracted from cells, which contain a plethora of post-translational modifications. In the present study, we use a series of singly acetylated histones to test the hypothesis that histone pre-acetylation and histone chaperones function together to drive preferential acetylation of H3K56. We show that pre-acetylated H3K14ac/H4 functions with Asf1 to drive specific acetylation of H3K56 by Rtt109–Vps75. Additionally, we identified an exosite containing an acidic patch in Asf1 and show that mutations to this region alter Asf1-mediated crosstalk that changes Rtt109–Vps75 selectivity. Our proposed mechanism suggests that Gcn5 acetylates H3K14, recruiting remodeler complexes, allowing for the Asf1-H3K14ac/H4 complex to be acetylated at H3K56 by Rtt109–Vps75. This mechanism explains the conflicting biochemical data and the genetic links between Rtt109, Vps75, Gcn5 and Asf1 in the acetylation of H3K56.
Direct quantification of the translocation activities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pif1 helicase
Authors: Lu Chen , Le Shimin , Chen Jin , Byrd Alicia K , Rhodes Daniela , Raney Kevin D , Yan Jie
Published: June 2019

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pif1 (ScPif1) is known as an ATP-dependent DNA helicase that plays critical roles in a number of important biological processes such as DNA replication, telomere maintenance and genome stability maintenance. Besides its DNA helicase activity, ScPif1 is also known as a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) translocase, while how ScPif1 translocates on ssDNA is unclear. Here, by measuring the translocation activity of individual ScPif1 molecules on ssDNA extended by mechanical force, we identified two distinct types of ssDNA translocation. In one type, ScPif1 moves along the ssDNA track with a rate of ∼140 nt/s in 100 μM ATP, whereas in the other type, ScPif1 is immobilized to a fixed location of ssDNA and generates ssDNA loops against force. Between the two, the mobile translocation is the major form at nanomolar ScPif1 concentrations although patrolling becomes more frequent at micromolar concentrations. Together, our results suggest that ScPif1 translocates on extended ssDNA in two distinct modes, primarily in a ‘mobile’ manner.
The Learning Curve of Subaxial Cervical Pedicle Screw Placement: How Can We Avoid Neurovascular Complications in the Initial Period?
Authors: Heo Yeon , Lee Su Bum , Lee Byung Ju , Jeong Sung Kyun , Rhim Seung Chul , Roh Sung Woo , Park Jin Hoon
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

Despite the biomechanical benefits of subaxial cervical pedicle screw (CPS) placement, possible neurovascular complications, including vertebral artery and nerve root injury, are of great concern. We have demonstrated many times the safety and efficacy of CPS deployments, even when using freehand technology.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the learning curve of CPS placement to determine the number of cases necessary for assuring safe CPS placement and to identify a reasonable accuracy rate.

METHODS

From March 2012 to August 2018, a single surgeon performed posterior cervical fusion surgery using CPS placement on 162 consecutive patients. We classified whole surgical periods, 6 years, into 4 periods. We analyzed the screw breach rate, lateral mass screw conversion (LMSC) rate, and reposition rate. We also compared the CPS placement accuracy in the initial 15, 20, and 30 patients with the other 147, 142, and 132 patients, respectively, to assess the number of procedures necessary to reach the learning curve plateau and to identify a reasonable accuracy rate.

RESULT

The total number of planned CPS placements was 979. Our learning curve showed that the breach rate plateaus at 3% to 4%. The necessary numbers for safe and accurate CPS placement during learning curve were 30 patients and 170 screws. None of the patients undergoing CPS developed a neurologic or vascular complication.

CONCLUSION

By following our 5 safety steps, the steady state for safety and accuracy can be reached without neurovascular complications even in the initial period of the learning curve.
The Role of RNA-Binding Protein OsTudor-SN in Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Seed Storage Proteins and Endosperm Development
Authors: Chou Hong-Li , Tian Li , Fukuda Masako , Kumamaru Toshihiro , Okita Thomas W
Published: June 2019

Tudor-SN is involved in a myriad of transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes due to its modular structure consisting of 4 tandem SN domains (4SN module) and C-terminal Tsn module consisting of Tudor-partial SN domains. We had previously demonstrated that OsTudor-SN is a key player for transporting storage protein mRNAs to specific ER subdomains in developing rice endosperm. Here, we provide genetic evidence that this multifunctional RBP is required for storage protein expression, seed development and protein body formation. The rice EM1084 line, possessing a nonsynonymous mutation in the 4SN module (SN3 domain), exhibited a strong reduction in grain weight and storage protein accumulation, while a mutation in the Tudor domain (47M) or the loss of the Tsn module (43M) had much smaller effects. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis showed the presence of a new protein body type containing glutelin and prolamine inclusions in EM1084, while 43M and 47M exhibited structurally modified prolamine and glutelin protein bodies. Transcriptome analysis indicates that OsTudor-SN also functions in regulating gene expression of transcriptional factors and genes involved in developmental processes and stress responses as well as for storage proteins. Normal protein body formation, grain weight and expression of many genes were partially restored in EM1084 transgenic line complemented with wild-type OsTudor-SN gene. Overall, our study showed that OsTudor-SN possesses multiple functional properties in rice storage protein expression and seed development and that the 4SN and Tsn modules have unique roles in these processes.
10Affect Theory
Authors: Simecek Karen
Published: June 2019

This chapter reviews works in affect theory published in 2018. The chapter is divided into the following sections: 1. Introduction; 2. The Interplay of Feeling and Thinking, which focuses on Rick Furtak’s Knowing Emotions and Antonio Damasio’s The Strange Order of Things; 3. Narrative of Affect and Affective Narratives, which focuses on Erica L. Johnson’s Cultural Memory, Memorials, and Reparative Writing and Duncan A. Lucas’s Affect Theory, Genre, and the Example of Tragedy; 4. Digital Affect, which focuses on Tero Karppi’s Disconnect: Facebook’s Affective Bonds and Affect and Social Media: Emotion, Mediation, Anxiety and Contagion, edited by Tony D. Sampson, Stephen Maddison and Darren Ellis; 5. Reflections. In publications this year, old themes have been given renewed attention; for instance, the relationship between knowledge and emotion, and narrative and affect, but there have also been new lines of enquiry that have emerged in the sub-field of digital affect, which extends understanding of the role of technology in enhancing and shaping, as well as limiting, felt experience.