bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Sonographic Prediction of Limited Axillary Disease in Patients with Primary Breast Cancer Meeting the Z0011 Criteria: an Alternative to Sentinel Node Biopsy?
Authors: Radosa Julia Caroline , Solomayer Erich-Franz , Deeken Martin , Minko Peter , Zimmermann Julia Sarah Maria , Kaya Askin Canguel , Radosa Marc Philipp , Stotz Lisa , Huwer Sarah , Müller Carolin , Karsten Maria Margarete , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Radosa Christoph Georg
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To assess the accuracy of preoperative sonographic staging for prediction of limited axillary disease (LAD, one or two metastatic lymph nodes) and to identify factors associated with high prediction–pathology concordance in patients with early-stage breast cancer meeting the Z0011 criteria.

Materials and Methods

Patients treated between January 2015 and January 2020 were included in this retrospective, multicentric analysis of prospectively acquired service databases. The accuracy of LAD prediction was assessed separately for patients with one and two suspicious lymph nodes on preoperative sonography. Test validity outcomes for LAD prediction were calculated for both groups, and a multivariate model was used to identify factors associated with high accuracy of LAD prediction.

Results

Of 2059 enrolled patients, 1513 underwent sentinel node biopsy, 436 primary and 110 secondary axillary dissection. For LAD prediction in patients with one suspicious lymph node on preoperative ultrasound, sensitivity was 92% (95% CI 87–95%), negative predictive value (NPV) was 92% (95% CI 87–95%), and the false-negative rate (FNR) was 8% (95% CI 5–13%). For patients with two preoperatively suspicious nodes, the sensitivity, NPV, and FNR were 89% (95% CI 84–93%), 73% (62–83%), and 11% (95% CI 7–16%), respectively. On multivariate analysis, the number of suspicious lymph nodes was associated inversely with correct LAD prediction ([OR 0.01 (95% CI 0.01–0.93), p ≤ 0.01].

Conclusions

Sonographic axillary staging in patients with one metastatic lymph node predicted by preoperative ultrasound showed high accuracy and a false-negative rate comparable to sentinel node biopsy for prediction of limited axillary disease.
Does Hospital Crowding Matter? Evidence from Trauma and Orthopedics in England
Authors: Hoe Thomas P.
Published: April 2022

This paper estimates the impact of hospital crowding on medical treatment decisions and patient health outcomes. Exploiting pseudorandom variation in emergency admissions, I find that a one-standard-deviation admission shock increases the unplanned readmission rate by 4.1 percent. Nonparametric and heterogeneity analyses suggest that “quicker and sicker” discharges contribute to the additional readmissions. The crowding impacts are larger in hospital departments with fewer beds, sicker patients, and stronger incentives to admit nonemergency patients. (JEL H51, I11, I12, I18)
The Labor Market Impacts of Universal and Permanent Cash Transfers: Evidence from the Alaska Permanent Fund
Authors: Jones Damon , Marinescu Ioana
Published: April 2022

Since 1982, all Alaskan residents have received a yearly cash dividend from the Alaska Permanent Fund. Using the Current Population Survey and a synthetic control method, this paper shows that the dividend had no effect on employment and increased part-time work by 1.8 percentage points (17 percent). A calibration of microeconomic and macroeconomic effects suggests that the empirical results are consistent with cash stimulating the local economy—a general equilibrium effect. Nontradable sectors have a more positive employment response than tradable sectors. Overall, the results suggest that a universal and permanent cash transfer does not significantly decrease aggregate employment. (JEL E24, H24, H75, I38, J22, R23)
When Does Product Liability Risk Chill Innovation? Evidence from Medical Implants
Authors: Galasso Alberto , Luo Hong
Published: April 2022

Liability laws designed to compensate for harms caused by defective products may also affect innovation. We examine this issue by exploiting a major quasi-exogenous increase in liability risk faced by US suppliers of polymers used to manufacture medical implants. Difference-in-difference analyses show that this surge in suppliers’ liability risk had a large and negative impact on downstream innovation in medical implants, but it had no signifi-cant effect on upstream polymer patenting. Our findings suggest that liability risk can percolate throughout a vertical chain and may have a significant chilling effect on downstream innovation. (JEL K13, L64, L65, O31, O34)
Analysis of diagnosing neonatal respiratory distress syndrome with lung ultrasound score
Authors: Huang Lie , Ye Dan , Wang Jianhui
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To investigate the diagnostic effect of lung ultrasound on neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) and to analyze the clinical application value of pulmonary ultrasound score.

Methods: Sixty-five NRDS babies who were diagnosed in our hospital from August 2019 to October 2020 were selected as the observation group, and 65 healthy babies were selected as the control group. Children in the two groups underwent lung ultrasound examination. The characteristic signs of lung ultrasound in the two groups were analyzed, and the detection rate of various signs and lung ultrasound score were compared between the two groups.

Results: The main manifestations of lung ultrasound in NRDS children were pulmonary parenchyma, abnormal pleural line, blurred or disappeared A line, pleural effusion, white lung, and weak or disappeared pulmonary pulsation; the lung ultrasound scores of different positions in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The detection rates of signs such as lung parenchyma, abnormal pleural line, disappeared A line, diffuse pulmonary edema, and air bronchogram in the observation group were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the detection rate of the sign of B line existence between the two groups (P>0.05).

Conclusion: Lung ultrasound has a high diagnostic value in diagnosing NRDS, and lung ultrasound score can evaluate the severity of NRDS in babies to further optimize the diagnosis results, which has important clinical significance.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5202

How to cite this:Huang L, Ye D, Wang J. Analysis of diagnosing neonatal respiratory distress syndrome with lung ultrasound score. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5202

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Διερεύνηση της χωροχρονικής διαφοροποίησης της κίνησης των κάτω άκρων σε ασθενείς με νόσο του Παρκινσον που εμφανίζουν πάγωμα κατά τη βάδιση
Authors: Λουκοβίτης Ανδρέας
Published: April 2022

Η Νόσος του Πάρκινσον αποτελεί μια από τις πιο διαδεδομένες νευροεκφυλιστικές νόσους. Παρά τη σημαντική πρόοδο στην κατανόηση των κλινικών και παθολογικών χαρακτηριστικών της ΝΠ, η αιτιολογία της παραμένει σε μεγάλο βαθμό άγνωστη. Η ΝΠ είναι μια νευρολογική διαταραχή που χαρακτηρίζεται από ετερογένεια στην εκδήλωση των συμπτωμάτων. Τα ερευνητικά δεδομένα δείχνουν ότι τόσο κινητικά όσο και μη κινητικά συμπτώματα επηρεάζουν την υγεία και κατ’ επέκταση τη λειτουργία των ασθενών. Το πάγωμα κατά τη βάδιση (ΠκΒ) αποτελεί ένα από τα λιγότερο κατανοητά συμπτώματα της ΝΠ. Ειδικότερα, πρόκειται για ένα κλινικό φαινόμενο που χαρακτηρίζεται από αιφνίδια, παροδική αναστολή ή αισθητή μείωση της εκούσιας κινητικής δραστηριότητας των κάτω άκρων παρά την πρόθεση των ασθενών να περπατήσουν. Η υποκειμενική αίσθηση των ασθενών ότι τα κάτω άκρα είναι κολλημένα στο έδαφος συνοδεύει αυτά τα επεισόδια. Παράγοντας πρόκλησης του παγώματος είναι ο περιπροσωπικός χώρος (ΠΠΧ) ο οποίος ορίζεται ως η περιοχή του χώρου που περιβάλλει άμεσα τρισδιάστατα το σώμα του ανθρώπου, εντός της οποίας προσεγγίζει, αποφεύγει ή χειρίζεται αντικείμενα. Σκοπός της εργασίας ήταν η διερεύνηση των χωροχρονικών παραμέτρων της κίνησης των κάτω άκρων, σε ασθενείς με ΝΠ που βιώνουν ΠκΒ. Στη μελέτη συμμετείχαν 14 άρρενες ασθενείς με ΝΠ, οι οποίοι βιώνουν ΠκΒ. Ο μέσος όρος ηλικίας των ασθενών ήταν 69,64 έτη, με τυπική απόκλιση 4,83. Οι ασθενείς βρίσκονταν στη φάση “ΟΝ” του κύκλου της φαρμακευτικής αγωγής. Η καταγραφή των κινηματικών χαρακτηριστικών των ασθενών πραγματοποιήθηκε με τη χρήση του συστήματος τρισδιάστατης καταγραφής της κίνησης Vicon-T40. Ακόμα, σχεδιάστηκε και κατασκευάστηκε ειδικό πλαίσιο για τον ελεγχόμενο περιορισμό του ΠΠΧ με σκοπό την πρόκληση του ΠκΒ. Οι μετρήσεις των ασθενών με ΝΠ πραγματοποιήθηκαν σε τρεις συνθήκες: α) βάδιση μέσα από πλαίσιο αυξημένο κατά 30% του περιπροσωπικού τους χώρου, β) βάδιση μέσα από πλαίσιο ίσο του περιπροσωπικού τους χώρου και γ) βάδιση μέσα από πλαίσιο μειωμένο κατά 30% του περιπροσωπικού τους χώρου. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι υπάρχει στατιστικά σημαντική σχέση μεταξύ του μεγέθους του ΠΠΧ και της εμφάνισης ΠκΒ. Επιπρόσθετα, τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν σημαντική αλληλεπίδραση του μεγέθους του ΠΠΧ με τον αριθμό του βήματος των ασθενών ως προς το μήκος βήματός τους και υπήρξε σημαντική αλληλεπίδραση του μεγέθους του ΠΠΧ με τον αριθμό του βήματος των ασθενών ως προς τον αριθμό βημάτων ανά λεπτό. Τέλος, σημαντική αλληλεπίδραση εμφανίστηκε μεταξύ του μεγέθους του ΠΠΧ με τον αριθμό του βήματος των ασθενών ως προς την απόσταση μεταξύ της προβολής του κέντρου μάζας του σώματος και του κέντρου της βάσης στήριξης. Συμπερασματικά, το ΠκΒ των ασθενών με ΝΠ είναι μια έλλογη και στοχευμένη στρατηγική του εγκεφάλου τους, προκειμένου να διατηρήσουν το ΚΜ του σώματός τους εντός της βάσης της στήριξής τους, για να διασφαλίσουν την ισορροπία τους και να αποφύγουν μια πτώση.
Monitoring of awake bruxism by intelligent app
Authors: Velásquez Ron Byron , Mosquera Cisneros Verónica , Pazmiño Troncoso Pamela , Rodríguez Tates María , Alvares Lalvay Eddy , Chauca Bajaña Luis , Ordoñez Balladares Andrea
Published: April 2022

Background. Bruxism is a topic of much controversy and is continually debated in the field of dentistry due to the multifaceted clinical relationship that results in painful conditions and consequences to patients. The aim of this review was to determine the effectiveness of a smartphones app in monitoring awake bruxism.

Methods. PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42021271190). The eligibility criteria were as followed: observational studies, case–control   studies, studies that reported odds ratios, and studies on awake bruxism. The following keywords were searched: [smartphones apps] AND [apps] AND [awake bruxism], OR [sleep bruxism], OR [sleep hygiene], OR [parasomnias], AND [habits].

Results. All the authors agree that the use of the smartphone app allows controlled awake bruxism monitoring. The results also show that                                     the two bruxism are interactive, having negative synergism and substantially increasing the risks of temporomandibular joint pain and temporomandibular disorders.

Discussion. In the AB it was possible to identify 70% symptoms through the different frequencies of behavior provided by the App, within the present technological tools have become daily in young and adult population. The app is effective and easy to use by patients, effectively limiting biases the time of evaluation.
The number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in hypofunctional teeth during orthodontic tooth movement in rats
Authors: Maulani Adibah , Farmasyanti Cendrawasih Andusyana , Sutantyo Darmawan
Published: April 2022

Background: When moved orthodontically, hypofunctional teeth will have a decreased tooth movement rate compared to normal teeth. This study aimed to determine the number of osteoblasts in the tension side and the number of osteoclasts in the pressure side of the hypofunctional teeth during orthodontic tooth movement. Method: 18 male Wistar rats were given a palatal coil spring application on the maxillary incisors. Rats were divided into two groups, the orthodontic group with normal occlusion (NO) and hypofunctional occlusion (HO). The number of osteoblasts on the tension side and osteoclasts on the pressure side on days zero (D0), five (D5), and 10 (D10) were tested with two-way ANOVA. Observations were made by hematoxylin eosin staining.

Result: The results showed that the number of osteoblasts on the tension side of the HO group was the same at the NO group (p> 0.05). The number of osteoblasts on the tension side in the NO and HO groups at D5 was the same at D10 (p = 0.99), but significantly higher (p = 0.002), than D0. The number of osteoclasts on the pressure side in the HO group was significantly lower than the NO group (p <0.05). The number of osteoclasts in the NO D5 group was significantly higher than the other groups (p <0.05).

Conclusions: The number of osteoblasts on the tension side was not affected by the hypofunctional state but decreased the number of osteoclasts on the pressure side during orthodontic tooth movement.
An exploratory investigation on the determinants of successful collaborative projects in the Malaysian construction industry
Authors: Jupir Jamaludin , Ab Aziz Kamarulzaman , Rosdi Intan Soraya , Yaakob Syamsuri , Razavi Seyed Hadi
Published: April 2022

Background: Project management is a critical business discipline for an organization to create a competitive edge as well as a prominent tool to delivering successful projects. The changes in the current societal, environmental, economic, and technological horizons prompt a more collaborative engagement in managing projects. Therefore, the traditionally accepted ways of managing projects need to be revisited.

Methods: This research employs an empirical approach to identify the determinants of successful collaborative project management in the construction industry. The exploratory stage of this research aims to identify the variables of collaborative projects and to understand the relationships among the variables. The research uses qualitative methods to understand factors of project success by conducting interviews with project practitioners in the construction industry. Data from the interviews was transcribed word-by-word and the content was analyzed manually using a thematic content analysis.

Results: The findings show that project management maturity, decision-making process, knowledge management, and coordination can contribute to the success of managing a collaborative project. 

Conclusions: The results of the study can be applied in managing a construction project. It also contributes to the body of knowledge regarding project management.
Investments in Subsidiaries As a Key Audit Matter
Authors: Sotnikova Lyudmila
Published: April 2022

Th e article discusses the trend towards an increase in the audit reports of public joint-stock companies of key audit issues related to fi nancial investments in subsidiaries. Th e trends in the formation of key audit questions from one reporting period to another and the disclosure of the composition of audit procedures used by auditors to refl ect fi nancial investments in subsidiaries of audited entities and changes in their value associated with impairment are analyzed.
FAS 6/2020 «Fixed Assets»: the Principle of Rationality in Determining the Materiality Criteria
Authors: Sitnikova S. , Sitnikova V.
Published: April 2022

Th e article focuses on the terms of FAS 6/2020 «Fixed Assets», which require the materiality criteria development data accumulation process on the fi xed assets of the entity. Th e examples of materiality criteria for taking note of it in the accounting policy are considered in accordance with local regulation of fi xed assets accounting. Great attention is paid to the principle of rationality in substantiating the criteria for applying in the fi xed assets accounting.
Resguardos éticos de la investigación cualitativa en psicología
Authors: Pérez Ayala Manuel
Published: April 2022

Considerar los resguardos éticos presentes en la investigación constituye un imperativo que representa una garantía de calidad vinculada al rigor, confiabilidad y credibilidad ofrecida a cada participante y a la sociedad en su conjunto. A través de un estudio de diseño hermenéutico, se exploró sobre los resguardos éticos detectados por diez psicólogos dedicados a la investigación cualitativa. Los resultados permitieron categorizar en tres etapas el proceso investigativo: planificación, ejecución y evaluación, e indican la necesidad de desarrollar una reflexividad crítica que debe desplegarse en cada una de esas fases. Se concluye que la investigación cualitativa en psicología tiene un manifiesto compromiso social que demanda debatir sobre las prácticas académicas, y que la posición ética de quien investigue debe estar comprometida con el campo científico, así como con los participantes, a modo de reciprocidad para su perfeccionamiento constante.
The Growth of Information Asymmetry Between Earnings Announcements and Its Implications for Reporting Frequency
Authors: Stoumbos Robert
Published: April 2022

I demonstrate that, on average, information asymmetry grows between earnings announcements and falls right after each new earnings announcement. I estimate that percent effective spreads typically grow 3.1% over the course of the inter-announcement period. I demonstrate that this inter-announcement growth in information asymmetry occurs gradually throughout the entire inter-announcement period and not just right before each new earnings announcement. This inter-announcement growth has implications for reporting frequency decisions. A semiannual reporter that switches to quarterly reporting cuts the growth time in half by cutting each semiannual reporting period into two quarterly reporting periods. As a result, it reduces information asymmetry in what would have been the second half of the semiannual reporting period. I confirm this in a European setting, showing that the average reduction in bid-ask spreads from the inter-announcement growth channel is 1.6% when firms switch from semiannual to quarterly reporting.

This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.

Funding: The author gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Yale School of Management and Columbia Business School.

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4408 .
Assessment of Rats Fed Protein-Deficient Diets Supplemented with Moringa Oleifera Leaf Meal
Authors: Mhlomi Yanga Nonelela , Oshiomame Unuoﬁn Jeremiah , Otunola Gloria Aderonke , Afolayan Anthony Jide
Published: April 2022

This report is part of a larger study on bioavailability of nutrients in Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) grown in South Africa. Albino male rats were assigned into five groups each having a replicate of five; PD-protein deficient diet, PD3, PD5 and PD10 had protein insufficient diets augmented with MOLM at 3, 5 and 10% respectively, while control (C)- was fed normal rat chow, for 28 days. Growth performances were recorded weekly, blood biochemistry and histopathology of the animals were evaluated in the serum and selected organs respectively. Severe loss in body weight caused by PD was slightly ameliorated by MOLM supplementation; improved protein quality indicated by higher red blood cells count was noticed in animals fed the augmented diets, while decrease in lymphocytes count reflected possible leucopoiesis and immunomodulatory effect of MOLM. High platelet counts (807.5 x109/L-1011.27x109/L) could indicate secondary anaemia caused by PD, while decrease in calcium and total protein was improved by MOLM. Increase in creatinine for all treatments could imply that kidney function was compromised. Serum ALP, ALT and AST activities were down regulated significantly in animals fed MOLM diets, suggesting organ-protective properties of Moringa. Histopathological evaluation of organs supported the biochemical findings and confirmed the negative effect of dietary protein deficiency. Although MOLM is nutrient-rich, unprocessed MOLM impacted negatively on physiology of the rats and could not completely replace protein in the diet.
Nutritionally Important Starch Fractions and Sensory Acceptability of Oats Incorporated Pongal – A Traditional Indian Food
Authors: Ahmed Faiyaz , Urooj Asna
Published: April 2022

Oats are being promoted as health food ingredient for its functional attributes due to high β-glucan content. There is immense scope for utilization of oats, in formulation of high fiber food products that confer health benefits, however its utilization in Indian cuisine is limited. This study aimed to explore the use of oats as a functional ingredient in an Indian traditional food and study its sensory acceptability and starch digestibility profile. The product was formulated by replacing rice with oats at a level of 20% and evaluated for sensory acceptability and starch fractions of nutritional importance through controlled enzymatic digestion involving enzymes such as amyloglucosidase, invertase and pancreatin. In addition, estimation of rapidly available glucose and starch digestibility index was carried out. Sensory analysis revealed that the product was acceptable, with no noticeable differences observed between control pongal (CP) and oats integrated pongal (OP) in terms of color, appearance, texture, aroma, mouthfeel, after taste, and overall acceptability. The addition of oats led to a substantial decrease in total starch and resistant starch content, whereas rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS) and rapidly available glucose (RAG) increased significantly. The starch digestibility index of OP was 31, which was significantly greater than the starch digestibility index of CP, which was 16. These findings suggest that incorporation of oats helps in value addition of pongal in terms of enhanced digestibility with increased soluble dietary fiber content that aids in healthy gut microbiome.
The Developed Ready to Eat Meal Affected to Blood Glucose and Insulin in Healthy Subjects: Glycemic Index Study
Authors: On-Nom Nattira , Chamchan Rungrat , Charoensiri Rin , Kongkachuichai Ratchanee , Chupeerach Chaowanee
Published: April 2022

The glycemic index (GI) rates carbohydrate-containing foods by how much they boost blood sugar. High GI foods increase the risk of non-communicable diseases, especially diabetes. The aim of the study was to develop the low and medium GI in ready to eat meal with consumer acceptance. The crossover design was use in this study and fourteen healthy participants consumed 25 g available carbohydrate. Blood samples were taken within 0-120 min after starting to eat the test meal. Glucose and insulin were measured by automated chemistry analyzer. Area under the curve of glucose was use for glycemic index calculation. For the five test meals, GI mean values and standard error of mean were as follows. Chicken basil fried rice (46.9±13.8), fried whole wheat pasta with chicken (53.1±8.7), and steamed minced chicken rice with seasoned shiitake mushrooms (37.6±6.3) in the low GI group, with pork fried rice (57.2±8.7) and minced chicken rice with sauce (57.6±6.8) meals in the medium GI group. Test meals contained high amount of dietary fiber which could affect to GI value and blood insulin. Soluble fiber as beta-glucans source in the developed to eat meal such as shitake mushroom and other vegetables might help to delay gastric emptying. Therefore glucose in the diet was absorbed more gradually, with decreased blood glucose levels and increased insulin response. Knowledge of GI values in these developed ready to eat meals can be used to guide food choices for individuals suffering from diabetes and obesity.
Equivalence Test on the Protein Content and Quality of Transgenic and Non-Transgenic Soybean Flour
Authors: Astawan Made , Annisa Amalia Sultan Nanda , Wresdiyati Tutik , Sahrial Sahrial , Mursyid Mursyid
Published: April 2022

The annual soybean demand in Indonesia reaches 3.09 million ton, with 81% of which are fulfilled through import that mostly consist of transgenic soybean. This condition has become a food safety issue, especially related to the protein content and quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the equivalence of protein content and quality of Grobogan local soybean flour (GLSF) compared to transgenic imported soybean flour (TISF) and non-transgenic imported soybean flour (NTSF). The research design was using completely randomized design with 5 replicates (rats) for each treatments. The protein content equivalence test was carried out using the Kjeldhal method, while the protein quality equivalence test was carried out with experimental rats, namely based on the growth method and the nitrogen balance method. Five groups of Sprague Dawley male albino rats, each consisted of 5 rats, were given feeds which contained 10% protein respectively from GLSF, TISF, NTSF, casein as control and a non-protein group. The observationt was carried out for 28 days. The results showed that GLSF had the highest protein content (49.7%db). The equivalence test of protein quality based on growth method showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in feed conversion efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and net protein ratio parameters. The similar test which was based on nitrogen balance method also showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in true protein digestibility, biological value and net protein utilisation parameters between the types of soybean flour. It can be concluded that although the highest protein content was found in GLSF, the three soybean flour types are equivalent in terms of protein quality.
Comparison of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Skinfold Thickness to Determine Body Fat Percentage among Young Women
Authors: Thakur Harshada Ketan , A. Pareek Priyanka , G. Sayyad Mehmood
Published: April 2022

Body composition analysis (BCA) measurements are the quantitative methods to evaluate nutritional status and adiposity. There is an increased need for BCA methods, especially calculation of body fat percentage with better sensitivity and precision. This study is focused on estimation of body fat percentage using two methods. Objective of the study was to compare body fat percentage obtained using four-site skinfold thickness (SFT) measurement with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) of young women. The 4-site SFTs were measured at triceps, bicep, subscapular and suprailiac region, using Harpenden caliper. Body fat percentage was computed using sum of skinfolds and Durnin-Womersley equation. BIA was done using a body composition analyzer. Statistical analysis including the Bland-Altman plot was performed in SPSS software v.23.0 and MS Excel. A total of 310 women (age 18-25 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Mean BMI of participants was 22.2±5.05 kg/m2. Body fat percentage from skinfold thickness and BIA techniques were 32.79±5.048% and 33.85±5.32% respectively. Although there was a positive correlation (p<0.01) observed between the two methods, Bland-Altman plot indicated a proportional bias (r=0.176, p<0.05). It also showed difference of agreement between SFT & BIA methods. BIA overestimates the body fat percentage with limits of agreement range -5.33% to 3.28%. Our study reported that BIA overestimates body fat percentages compared to SFT. However, the two methods are not interchangeable. Evaluating anthropometric measurements is considered useful method as it controls regional changes of subcutaneous adiposity, whereas BIA technique can be used for its practical applicability.
Evaluation of Proximate Composition, Vitamins, Amino Acids, Antioxidant activities with Minerals and Bioactive Compounds of Young Edible Bamboo (Phyllostachys mannii Gamble)
Authors: Rana Kanchan Rawat , Chongtham Nirmala , Bisht Madho Singh
Published: April 2022

Bamboo is a plant which is lesser known as a source of food though awareness of the edible young shoots as food is increasing worldwide. Of the many known edible bamboos, shoots of Phyllostachys are popular vegetable in many South East-Asian countries. Phyllostachys mannii is one of the dominant species distributed extensively in regions of North-East India which is lesser known as compared to other species of Phyllostachys. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the proximate composition, vitamins, amino acids, minerals, bioactive components and antinutrient content of edible shoots of P. mannii Gamble. Results revealed that shoots contain adequate amount of protein (3.24 ± 0.03 g/100g FW), carbohydrate (2.73 ± 0.02 g/100g FW), vitamin C (3.23 ± 0.05 mg/100g FW) and are low in fat (0.44 ± 0.01 g/100g FW). Nineteen amino acids were detected in the shoots which includes eight essential, five conditionally essential and six non essential. Of all amino acids, the content was recorded minimum (1.05 ± 0.19 µg/mg DW) in ornithine and maximum (111.04 ± 9.59 µg/mg DW) in asparagine. WDXRF analysis detected 13 minerals in the shoots which includes eight macro and five microminerals with K (6660 ± 40 mg/kg DW) and P (930 ± 20 mg/kg DW) as dominant macromineral and Fe (9.1 ± 0.4 mg/kg DW) and Zn (10 ± 0.0 mg/kg DW) as dominant micromineral. Shoots are rich in phytosterols (265.49 ± 3.16 mg/100 g DW), phenols (382.23 ± 2.08 mg/100 g FW) and neutral detergent fiber (5.72 ± 0.03 g/100 g FW). Present results showed low cyanogen (36.22 ± 0.11 mg/kg FW) content in P. mannii compared to other bamboos and thus considered to be safe for consumption. Overall results indicate the richness of nutritional and bioactive compounds in Phyllostachys mannii which has thus potential to be used nutritious vegetable and as an ideal ingredient in functional food formulations and pharmaceuticals.
Metaheuristic algorithms in optimization and its application: a review
Authors: Kareem Shahab Wahhab , Hama Ali Kurdistan Wns , Askar Shavan , Xoshaba Farah Sami , Hawezi Roojwan
Published: April 2022

Metaheuristic algorithms are computational intelligence paradigms especially used for solving different optimization issues.  Metaheuristics examine a collection of solutions otherwise really be wide to be thoroughly addressed or discussed in any other way. Metaheuristics can be applied to a wide range of problems because they make accurate predictions in any optimization situation. Natural processes such as the fact of evolution in Natural selection behavioral genetics, ant behaviors in genetics, swarm behaviors of certain animals, annealing in metallurgy, and others motivate metaheuristics algorithms. The big cluster search algorithm is by far the most commonly used metaheuristic algorithm. The principle behind this algorithm is that it begins with an optimal state and then uses heuristic methods from the community search algorithm to try to refine it. Many metaheuristic algorithms in diverse environments and areas are examined, compared, and described in this article. Such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), ant Colony Optimization Algorithm (ACO), Simulated Annealing (SA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm and etc. Finally, show the results of each algorithm in various environments were addressed.
The Evaluation of Electronic Based Government System using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS)
Authors: Dony Yudy Kuncoro , Affandi Achmad , Setijadi Eko
Published: April 2022

SPBE is an information technology used by the government which is expected to improve government performance and meet people's expectations of government. This study uses primary data types by collecting data through online questionnaires using google form facilities. The results of this study found that the average quality of trust in SPBE services was 88.33 with a standard deviation of 12.25, so this indicates that the quality of trust in SPBE services, especially the Magetan Regency Government, is in good classification.
A new formula for the minimum distance of an expander code
Authors: MALLİK Sudipta
Published: April 2022

An expander code is a binary linear code whose parity-check matrix is the bi-adjacency matrix of a bipartite expander graph. We provide a new formula for the minimum distance of such codes. We also provide a new proof of the result that $2(1-\varepsilon) \gamma n$ is a lower bound of the minimum distance of the expander code given by an $(m,n,d,\gamma,1-\varepsilon)$ expander bipartite graph.
Dirty Subjects
Authors: Hunter Mitchel Joffe
Published: April 2022

In the early 1900s in the settler colonial states in Southern Africa, the nascent Jewish community institutions took actions to avoid the racialised accusation of dirtiness, thus shaping the community into adopting white colonialist subjectivities. Using Albert Memmi’s analytic framework of colonisers and colonialists, and Anne McClintock’s conceptualisation of the racial function of dirt, this article reassesses existing archival sources through the lens of dirty bodies, dirty sex, and dirty work to show how communal subjectivities were formed through close collusion with the colonial state and the internal enforcing of the social habits of Whiteness. This article argues that this colonial subject formation foreclosed the possibilities of a peruvnik: a potential South African anticolonial Jewish barbarism.
Pure-Blood and Muggle Marxian Approaches in the Theory of Value and Price
Authors: Lopes Tiago Camarinha
Published: April 2022

This article argues that to make progress in the theory of value and price we must incorporate in the debate of the transformation problem the methodological discussion about how Marxian economics relates to non-Marxian economics. Two alternative approaches to deal with that relationship are presented in a stylized form, called the “pure-blood Marxian approach” and the “muggle Marxian approach.” Two examples of the “muggle Marxian approach,” represented by two of the most influential communists working in the field of academic economics in the West in the 20th century, Piero Sraffa and Oskar Lange, are presented to show the superiority of this approach over the “pure-blood Marxian approach.”
Band-tunable achromatic metalens based on phase change material
Authors: Zhang Yuhang , Li Zuyu , Qin Shuai , Huang Hui , Jie Kaiqian , Guo Jianping , Liu Hongzhan , Meng Hongyun , Wang Faqiang , Yang Xiangbo , Wei Zhongchao
Published: April 2022

Achromatic metalens have the potential to significantly reduce the size and complexity of broadband imaging systems. A large variety of achromatic metalens has been proposed and most of them have the fixed achromatic band that cannot be actively modified. However, band-tunable is an important function in practical applications such as fluorescence microscopic imaging and optical detection. Here, we propose a bilayer metalens that can switch achromatic bands by taking the advantage of the high refractive index contrast of Sb2S3 between amorphous and crystalline state. By switching the state of Sb2S3, the achromatic band can be reversibly switched between the red region of visible spectrum (650-830 nm) and the near-infrared spectrum (830-1100 nm). This band-tunable design indicates a novel (to our knowledge) method to solve the problem of achromatic focusing in an ultrabroad band. The metalens have an average focusing efficiency of over 35% and 55% in two bands while maintaining diffraction-limited performance. Moreover, through proper design, we can combine different functionalities in two bands such as combining achromatic focusing and diffractive focusing. The proposed metalens have numerous potential applications in tunable displaying, detecting devices and multifunctional devices.
Acousto-optic frequency shifter-based microwave photonic channelized receiver using a single optical frequency comb
Authors: Li Ning , Huang Huan , Zhang Chongfu , Qiu Kun
Published: April 2022

A microwave photonic channelization receiver is a promising technology for broadband radio frequency (RF) signal monitoring and reception. In this Letter, by exploiting acousto-optic frequency shifters (AOFSs), a microwave photonic channelization receiver is proposed. The proposed microwave photonic channelized receiver can reduce dual coherent optical frequency comb (OFC) generators with detuning frequency spacing into a single OFC generator. To verify the feasibility of the proposed channelization scheme, a broadband RF signal with 3.2 GHz bandwidth is channelized into eight narrowband RF signals with 0.4 GHz bandwidth. Moreover, we investigate the effect of the tuning error imposed by AOFSs, where the error vector magnitude (EVM) of subchannels is obtained by channelizing the four 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) signals into four subchannels.
Inverse design of spontaneous parametric downconversion for generation of high-dimensional qudits
Authors: Rozenberg Eyal , Karnieli Aviv , Yesharim Ofir , Foley-Comer Joshua , Trajtenberg-Mills Sivan , Freedman Daniel , Bronstein Alex M. , Arie Ady
Published: April 2022

Spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) in quantum optics is an invaluable resource for the realization of high-dimensional qudits with spatial modes of light. One of the main open challenges is how to directly generate a desirable qudit state in the SPDC process. This problem can be addressed through advanced computational learning methods; however, due to difficulties in modeling the SPDC process by a fully differentiable algorithm, progress has been limited. Here, we overcome these limitations and introduce a physically constrained and differentiable model, validated against experimental results for shaped pump beams and structured crystals, capable of learning the relevant interaction parameters in the process. We avoid any restrictions induced by the stochastic nature of our physical model and integrate the dynamic equations governing the evolution under the SPDC Hamiltonian. We solve the inverse problem of designing a nonlinear quantum optical system that achieves the desired quantum state of downconverted photon pairs. The desired states are defined using either the second-order correlations between different spatial modes or by specifying the required density matrix. By learning nonlinear photonic crystal structures as well as different pump shapes, we successfully show how to generate maximally entangled states. Furthermore, we simulate all-optical coherent control over the generated quantum state by actively changing the profile of the pump beam. Our work can be useful for applications such as novel designs of high-dimensional quantum key distribution and quantum information processing protocols. In addition, our method can be readily applied for controlling other degrees of freedom of light in the SPDC process, such as spectral and temporal properties, and may even be used in condensed-matter systems having a similar interaction Hamiltonian.
Metalens-based stereoscopic microscope
Authors: Long Yong , Zhang Jianchao , Liu Zhihao , Feng Weibin , Guo Songming , Sun Qian , Wu Qinfei , Yu Xiangyang , Zhou Jianying , Martins Emiliano R. , Liang Haowen , Li Juntao
Published: April 2022

Stereoscopic microscopy is a promising technology to obtain three-dimensional microscopic images. Such microscopes are based on the parallax effect, and as such require two lenses to focus at two different points. Geometrical constraints, however, restrict their numerical apertures to about 0.2, thus limiting the system’s resolution. Higher numerical apertures (

∼
0.35

) can be achieved with designs using only one bulk lens, but such systems are

∼
10

times more costly than the conventional ones. Thus, there is a pressing need for alternative solutions to improve the resolution of stereoscopic systems. Here, we show that high-resolution and low-cost stereoscopic systems can be obtained using birefringent single-layer metalenses. We design and fabricate a birefringent metalens operating at 532 nm with a numerical aperture as high as 0.4. The metalens is then used to demonstrate high-resolution stereoscopic imaging of biological samples. The microscopic images are further displayed and perceived vividly in an autostereoscopic display. Our demonstration paves the way to a new strategy to achieve high-resolution and low-cost stereoscopic microscopes.
Classification of non-coding variants with high pathogenic impact
Authors: Moyon Lambert , Berthelot Camille , Louis Alexandra , Nguyen Nga Thi Thuy , Roest Crollius Hugues
Published: April 2022

Whole genome sequencing is increasingly used to diagnose medical conditions of genetic origin. While both coding and non-coding DNA variants contribute to a wide range of diseases, most patients who receive a WGS-based diagnosis today harbour a protein-coding mutation. Functional interpretation and prioritization of non-coding variants represents a persistent challenge, and disease-causing non-coding variants remain largely unidentified. Depending on the disease, WGS fails to identify a candidate variant in 20–80% of patients, severely limiting the usefulness of sequencing for personalised medicine. Here we present FINSURF, a machine-learning approach to predict the functional impact of non-coding variants in regulatory regions. FINSURF outperforms state-of-the-art methods, owing in particular to optimized control variants selection during training. In addition to ranking candidate variants, FINSURF breaks down the score for each variant into contributions from individual annotations, facilitating the evaluation of their functional relevance. We applied FINSURF to a diverse set of 30 diseases with described causative non-coding mutations, and correctly identified the disease-causative non-coding variant within the ten top hits in 22 cases. FINSURF is implemented as an online server to as well as custom browser tracks, and provides a quick and efficient solution to prioritize candidate non-coding variants in realistic clinical settings.
Molecular epidemiology of scrub typhus in Taiwan during 2006–2016
Authors: Chen Hsiang-Fei , Peng Shih-Huan , Tsai Kun-Hsien , Yang Cheng-Fen , Chang Mei-Chun , Hsueh Yeou-Lin , Su Chien-Ling , Wang Ruo-Yu , Shu Pei-Yun , Yang Su-Lin
Published: April 2022

Scrub typhus is the most common endemic vector-borne disease in Taiwan. We identified a total of 4,857 laboratory-confirmed cases during 2006–2016 with hyperendemic foci on offshore islands, including Penghu (778 cases, 16.0%) and Kinmen (716 cases, 14.7%), and eastern Taiwan, including Taitung (628 cases, 12.9%) and Hualien (508 cases, 10.5%). Scrub typhus cases occur year-round throughout Taiwan, with a summer peak in June and July. A total of 545 O. tsutsugamushi isolates were successfully obtained from patients infected in diverse geographic areas, including Taiwan and three offshore islands, and the complete open reading frame of the 56 kDa type-specific antigen gene (tsa56) sequence of these isolates was examined. High phylogenetic diversity was found in these isolates, which could be grouped into 36 distinct sequence types. Most isolates belonged to the Karp (49.9%; 272/545), followed by the TW-22 (17.8%; 97/454) and Kawasaki (14.7%; 80/545) genotypes. In conclusion, our data indicate the widespread presence of tsa56 genotypes closely related to Thailand and Korean strains and the presence of the unique endemic strains TW-12, TW-22, TW-29, and TW-36 in Taiwan.
The flow, thermal and mass properties of Soret-Dufour model of magnetized Maxwell nanofluid flow over a shrinkage inclined surface
Authors: Parvin Shahanaz , Isa Siti Suzilliana Putri Mohamed , Al- Duais Fuad S. , Hussain Syed M. , Jamshed Wasim , Safdar Rabia , Eid Mohamed R.
Published: April 2022

A mathematical model of 2D-double diffusive layer flow model of boundary in MHD Maxwell fluid created by a sloping slope surface is constructed in this paper. The numerical findings of non-Newtonian fluid are important to the chemical processing industry, mining industry, plastics processing industry, as well as lubrication and biomedical flows. The diversity of regulatory parameters like buoyancy rate, magnetic field, mixed convection, absorption, Brownian motion, thermophoretic diffusion, Deborah number, Lewis number, Prandtl number, Soret number, as well as Dufour number contributes significant impact on the current model. The steps of research methodology are as followed: a) conversion from a separate matrix (PDE) to standard divisive calculations (ODEs), b) Final ODEs are solved in bvp4c program, which developed in MATLAB software, c) The stability analysis part also being developed in bvp4c program, to select the most effective solution in the real liquid state. Lastly, the numerical findings are built on a system of tables and diagrams. As a result, the profiles of velocity, temperature, and concentration are depicted due to the regulatory parameters, as mentioned above. In addition, the characteristics of the local Nusselt, coefficient of skin-friction as well as Sherwood numbers on the Maxwell fluid are described in detail.
Identifying luminal and basal mammary cell specific genes and their expression patterns during pregnancy
Authors: Li Zhan Dong , Yu Xiangtian , Mei Zi , Zeng Tao , Chen Lei , Xu Xian Ling , Li Hao , Huang Tao , Cai Yu-Dong
Published: April 2022

Mammary gland is present in all mammals and usually functions in producing milk to feed the young offspring. Mammogenesis refers to the growth and development of mammary gland, which begins at puberty and ends after lactation. Pregnancy is regulated by various cytokines, which further contributes to mammary gland development. Epithelial cells, including basal and luminal cells, are one of the major components of mammary gland cells. The development of basal and luminal cells has been observed to significantly differ at different stages. However, the underlying mechanisms for differences between basal and luminal cells have not been fully studied. To explore the mechanisms underlying the differentiation of mammary progenitors or their offspring into luminal and myoepithelial cells, the single-cell sequencing data on mammary epithelia cells of virgin and pregnant mouse was deeply investigated in this work. We evaluated features by using Monte Carlo feature selection and plotted the incremental feature selection curve with support vector machine or RIPPER to find the optimal gene features and rules that can divide epithelial cells into four clusters with different cell subtypes like basal and luminal cells and different phases like pregnancy and virginity. As representations, the feature genesCldn7,Gjb6,Sparc,Cldn3,Cited1,Krt17,Spp1,Cldn4,Gjb2andCldn19might play an important role in classifying the epithelial mammary cells. Notably, seven most important rules based on the combination of cell-specific and tissue-specific expressions of feature genes effectively classify the epithelial mammary cells in a quantitative and interpretable manner.