bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rethinking the Prevalence and Relevance of Chaos in Ecology
Authors: Munch Stephan B. , Rogers Tanya L. , Johnson Bethany J. , Bhat Uttam , Tsai Cheng-Han
Published: November 2022

Chaos was proposed in the 1970s as an alternative explanation for apparently noisy fluctuations in population size. Although readily demonstrated in models, the search for chaos in nature proved challenging and led many to conclude that chaos is either rare or nigh impossible to detect. However, in the intervening half-century, it has become clear that ecosystems are replete with the enabling conditions for chaos. Chaos has been repeatedly demonstrated under laboratory conditions and has been found in field data using updated detection methods. Together, these developments indicate that the apparent rarity of chaos was an artifact of data limitations and overreliance on low-dimensional population models. We invite readers to reevaluate the relevance of chaos in ecology, and we suggest that chaos is not as rare or undetectable as previously believed.
Impersonal Pronouns and First-Person Perspective
Authors: Pearson Hazel
Published: November 2022

Impersonal pronouns are prototypically used in generic sentences to make generalizations about people. Yet they are unlike bare plural people or indefinite singular a person in that they exhibit a sensitivity to first-person perspective. This relationship can be seen in ( a) inferences of first-person experience associated with use of these pronouns, ( b) additional meaning components carried by impersonally used personal pronouns involving a presumption of empathy or (dis)agreement, and ( c) their interpretation in attitude reports, including referential dependency on the attitude holder and the de se/de re distinction. I survey recent findings on the perspectival interpretation of impersonal pronouns including English generic one, German man, French on, and Italian si, as well as impersonally used personal pronouns like English you and German ich and du. I end by identifying some common themes emerging from recent formal semantic analyses of impersonal pronouns. One of the key notions here is the treatment of impersonals as Heimian indefinites, which in generic contexts get bound by the generic operator.
High-Temperature Performance of Selected Ionic Liquids as Electrolytes for Silicon Anodes in Li-ion Batteries
Authors: Rogstad Daniel Tevik , Einarsrud Mari-Ann , Svensson Ann Mari
Published: November 2022

Ionic liquids, like bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI) ionic liquids, are promising solvents for lithium ion batteries due to their high thermal stability and wide electrochemical window. Here, electrolytes based on LiFSI and ionic liquids of different cations; pyrrolidinium (PYR13
+), imidazolium (EMI+) and phosphonium (P111i4
+), and FSI and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) anions, have been cycled together with silicon anodes and LiFePO4 cathodes at 60 °C at rates up to 2 C. The thermal stability was determined through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Ionic conductivities were measured in the temperature range −20 °C to 80 °C and the lithium ion mobilities, relative to standard carbonate electrolytes, were determined at room temperature and 60 °C. Significant differences in the temperature dependence of the transport properties were revealed, with a considerable increase in the lithium ion mobility from 20 °C to 60 °C for electrolytes based on EMIFSI and P111i4FSI. The best rate performance at 60 °C was demonstrated for the P111i4FSI based electrolyte, with discharge capacities around 1000 mAh/gSi at a 2 C rate. The improved performance was attributed to a combination of the improved lithium ion mobility and formation of a more conductive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) for this electrolyte.
Modeling and Optimization of Vanadium Flow Batteries Incorporating Variable Permeability and Resistance
Authors: Chen Hui , Han Lukang , Zhang Yaheng , Zhang Shirui , Chen Fuyu , Ma Xinzhi , Zhang Qinfang
Published: November 2022

The vanadium flow battery employing vanadium element of different valences as the active substances for both sides is a promising device for large-scale energy storage applications. In this paper, a vanadium flow battery dynamic model incorporating the variable vanadium ion permeabilities and cell resistance is proposed, and the cell performance is subsequently analyzed and optimized. The variation of permeability and resistance is tested, and a laboratory flow cell is engaged for simulation. The results demonstrated that: (i) the proposed model behaves a superior prediction precision in comparison with the existing models with constant permeability and resistance; (ii) operated in temperature range of 25 °C and 35 °C is favored to achieve an improved energy efficiency; (iii) low and high operating temperatures are respectively preferred for vanadium flow batteries operated at low and high current densities. Such in-depth analysis can not only be highly beneficial to the operation and optimization of vanadium flow batteries to realize an enhanced performance, but offer a cost-effective modeling method with high accurate prediction precision to understand the characteristic and behavior of vanadium flow batteries within a wide operating temperature as well, thus avoiding large amounts of experimental testing that expends extensive materials and time.
Low-Temperature Solution-Processed ZnSnO Ozone Gas Sensors Using UV-Assisted Thermal Annealing
Authors: Lin Yan-Fong , Jiang You-Yi , Huang Bo-Lin , Huang Po-Yen , Hsueh Wen-Jeng , Huang Chun-Ying
Published: November 2022

Ultraviolet-assisted thermal annealing (UVTA) has been widely used to fabricate solution-processed amorphous oxide semiconductor (AOS)-based transistors and photodetectors. However, this method has not been used for AOS-based gas sensors, even though AOS is a good gas sensing material. This study determines the effect of UVTA on the electrical properties of In-free amorphous ZnSnO (ZTO) thin films and their ozone (O3) gas sensing characteristics. UV light from a Mercury lamp has sufficient energy to decompose the organic- and hydrogen-based impurities completely, which promotes the formation of metal oxide networks, so the quality of ZTO films is greatly increased by increasing treatment time. A relatively high gas response of 1.42 with a fast response/recovery time (124/78 s) is achieved. This strategy allows the fabrication of ZTO gas sensors at low temperature (150 °C) and is applicable to flexible electronics.
Effective Electrochemical Recognition of Tryptophan Isomers by MOF-Derived Chiral In2S3 Nanotubes
Authors: Kuang Rui , Deng Ning , Dong Fuying , Ding Yongling , Kuang Xuan
Published: November 2022

Electrochemical enantiorecognition of Tryptophan (Trp) isomers using Cys@In2S3/GCE prepared by two steps of sulfidation and chiralization from MIL-68(In) is reported. The Cys@In2S3/GCE electrode shows highly selective, sensitive and quantitative analysis towards Trp enantiomers. This proposed chiral sensors could be considered for practical applications in the field of Trp related medical recognition.
Natural statistics of head roll: implications for Bayesian inference in spatial orientation
Authors: Willemsen Sophie C. M. J. , Oostwoud Wijdenes Leonie , van Beers Robert J. , Koppen Mathieu , Medendorp W. Pieter
Published: November 2022

It has been argued that the brain uses Bayesian computations to process multiple sensory cues in vertical perception, including a prior centered on upright head orientation which is usually taken to be Gaussian. Here, we show that non-Gaussian prior distributions, although more akin to the statistics of head orientation during natural activities, provide a much worse explanation of such perceptual observations than a Gaussian prior.
The Prediction of Cracking Load and Peak Load of UHPC‐NC Composite Structure
Authors: Chen Yanru , Mao Wei
Published: November 2022

In this study, models for calculating the cracking load and a peak load of the UHPC‐NC structures are established. The effects of UHPC's high tensile strength, reinforced steel bars in NC, reinforce steel bars in UHPC, and prestress tendons in UHPC on cracking load and peak load are considered. In the cracking load model, UHPC is considered to be elastic and the stress distribution is triangular, the stress of steel bars and prestressing tendons is also calculated according to the plane section assumption and elastic theory. In the peak load module, UHPC is assumed to be partially elastic and partially plastic. The plastic part is represented by a rectangular stress block diagram, and the stress value reduction factor and rectangular stress frame height reduction factor are obtained by trial calculation. Compared with the experimental data of UHPC‐NC beams with different types of combinations collected from references, the calculated results have a high matching degree, which is suitable for various types of UHPC‐NC, both cracking loads and peak loads.
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as Diagnostic Tool for Cancer Cells
Authors: Ibraheem Sumayah , Kadhim Afraa Ali , Kadhim Kadhim Ali , Kadhim Ihssan A. , Jabir Majid
Published: November 2022

ZnO nanoparticles have various characteristics that make them attractive to be used in many medical applications like a cancer diagnosis. It can be used as a nanoprobe for targeting different types of cancer cells in vitro as a cancer cell recognition system. The present study aims to investigate the permeability of ZnO NPs through both normal and cancerous cell lines in humans. In vitro experiments for ZnO NPs inside the environment of living cells have been described, which would contribute to the visualization of nanoparticles as cancer diagnostic and scanning techniques. MCF7, AMJ13, and RD cancer cells, and also the normal breast cell line HBL, were used in in vitro imaging experiments. The findings revealed that ZnO NPs specifically incorporated within tumor cells while accumulating less inside normal cells. Our findings show that ZnO NPs may be identified inside cancer cells after 1 h of exposure and can endure up to 3 h, providing them appropriate for tumor cell imaging. The findings showed that ZnO NPs might be employed as an alternate fluorophore for diagnostic imaging in the early identification of solid cancers. Therefore, here we studied in vitro applications of ZnO NPs and their beneficial use as a diagnostic tool for cancer cell lines rather than normal cells. Taken together, ZnO NPs can be used as good targeting NPs for the development of imaging agents for early diagnosis of cancers.
Study on Strength Development Mechanism of Organic Soil in Dianchi Lake, China
Authors: Huang Siyang , Cao Jing , Kong Cheng , Gao Yue , Song Yunfei , Liu Fangyi , Sun Huafeng , Lai Zhengcong , Zhu Weiming , Xu Hanhua
Published: November 2022

The organic soil is widely distributed around Dianchi Lake in Kunming, which is rich in the humic group (HG). In order to explore the effect of HG on the strength development of organic soil, this paper adopts the method of adding humic acid (HA) reagent into the undisturbed cohesive soil (blending method) and soaking it in fulvic acid (FA) solution (steeping method) to simulate the organic soil. Then, the effect of HG on soil is analyzed by the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests. The UCS test shows that HA can significantly reduce the UCS of the samples, and it continues to decrease with the increase of the HA reagent content. FA can substantially enhance the UCS of the samples, which continues to increase with the concentration of FA solution (decreasing the pH value). Under each HG condition, the steeping of FA can significantly increase the UCS of the sample when the content of the HA reagent is less than 10%, and the growth rate of the UCS decreases when it is greater than 10%. With the increase of steeping age, the UCS of the 5% HA samples continued to increase and gradually became stable, and when the content of the HA reagent is more than 5%, the UCS curve first increases and then decreases. The SEM test shows that adding HA reagent can significantly increase the pore size, improve the connectivity between the pores, and weaken the connection of the soil structure. The steeping of FA can reduce the pore size, weaken the connectivity between the pores, and strengthen the connection of the sample structure.
Random Statistical Analysis of Transverse Momentum Spectra of Strange Particles and Dependence of Related Parameters on Centrality in High Energy Collisions at the LHC
Authors: Zhang Xu-Hong , Liu Fu-Hu , Olimov Khusniddin K. , Deppman Airton
Published: November 2022

We have studied the transverse momentum (

p

T

) spectra of the final-state strange particles, including

K

±

,

ϕ

,

Ξ

, and

Ω

, produced in high energy lead–lead (Pb–Pb), proton–lead (

p

–Pb), xenon–xenon (Xe–Xe) collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Taking into account the contribution of multiquark composition, whose probability density distribution is described by the modified Tsallis–Pareto-type function; we simulate the

p

T

spectra of the final-state strange particles by a Monte Carlo method, which is shown to be in good agreement with the experimental data in most the cases. The kinetic freeze-out parameters are obtained. The present method provides a new tool for studying the spectra of various particles produced in high energy collisions, reflecting more realistically the collision process, which is of great significance to study the formation and properties of the produced particles.
The Shortened Dental Arch Concept: Awareness, Knowledge, and Practice of Dentists in Dubai and the Northern Emirates, United Arab Emirates
Authors: AlHmoudi Haleimah , Khamis Amar H. , Elbishari Haitham , Amir-Rad Fatemeh
Published: November 2022

Background and objectives. The shortened dental arch (SDA) is a dentition of no more than twenty teeth with an intact anterior region but a reduced number of occluding pairs of posterior teeth. The SDA concept is a valid treatment option in cases in which anteriors and premolars can provide adequate aesthetics, function, and occlusal stability. This study investigated dentists’ awareness and opinion of the shortened dental arch (SDA) concept among UAE dentists and its application in their practice. Methods. This is a cross-sectional study utilizing an online questionnaire anonymously to investigate the awareness and views of dentists about SDA. The questionnaire was sent to all 901 dentists registered with the Emirates Medical Association (EMA). The questionnaire consists of 17 questions, which comprise demographics, awareness, and application in dental practice, preferred treatment modality, and risks and benefits associated with SDA. The data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics. Results. The response rate reported was 40.3%. Two-thirds of the respondents (65.8%) were aware of the SDA concept; however, it was not usually applied in clinical practice (n = 196, 54.7%). Specialists were more aware of the concept (

p
≤
0.001

) and applied it more frequently in their clinical practice (

p
=
0.041

) than general dental practitioners (GDPs). Respondents agreed that SDA was associated with the risks of teeth migration (n = 211, 59.9%), tooth wear (n = 196, 55.8%), and/or temporomandibular disorder (TMD) (n = 163, 45.3%). The implant was the treatment of choice for many of the participants (n = 169, 46.6%) to replace missing molars, followed by the acrylic removal partial denture (RPD) (n = 129, 35.5%). Conclusions. Most dentists who responded to this survey were aware of the SDA concept and had a positive attitude about it. However, they did not apply it frequently in their clinical practice.
Failure Analysis and Optimization Design of Wing Skin Unbalanced Lay-Up
Authors: Wang Junli , Li Jinyang
Published: November 2022

To clarify the influence of the unbalanced coefficient and the change in lay-up angle on the failure characteristics of the laminate in the static aeroelastic problem of the aircraft, numerical simulations were performed based on the classical laminate theory and the Tsai-Wu failure criterion, as well as the fluid-structure coupling calculation method. The structure’s stress-strain and failure curves are found to decrease as the unbalanced coefficient increases. The stress curve’s slope is relatively stable, whereas the strain and failure curves’ slopes change three times, indicating that strain may be the primary cause of structural failure. Unbalanced coefficient laminates are classified into three types based on their mechanical properties low unbalanced coefficient laminates (Unbalanced coefficient 0.2 to 0.3), quasi-balanced coefficient laminates (Unbalanced coefficient 0.4 to 0.6, Balanced laminate when the Unbalanced coefficient is 0.5), and high unbalanced coefficient laminates (Unbalanced coefficient 0.7 to 0.8). Within their respective spanning intervals, the mechanical properties of the three types of laminates remain relatively stable. An increase in the ply angle reduces both the elastic deformation of the structure and the failure factor. The variation patterns of structural strain and failure at 45° and 60° ply angles decrease as unbalanced coefficients increase, whereas the opposite is true for 30° ply angles. Finally, a two-level optimization method based on “equalized plies” and “equal-angle plies” was developed, resulting in a 23.93% reduction in elastic deformation and a 37.04% reduction in the laminated structure's failure coefficient when compared to the preoptimization results.
The Effect of Short-Term Temperature Pretreatments on Sugars, Organic Acids, and Amino Acids Metabolism in Valencia Orange Fruit
Authors: Zhang Mingfei , Xu Rangwei , Sun Guochao , Cheng Yunjiang , Wang Zhihui
Published: November 2022

Temperature pretreatment is one of the most important factors which significantly affects the postharvest quality of citrus fruit. In this study, late-ripening Valencia orange (citrus sinensis) fruits were used to investigate the effect of short-term treatment at low (6°C), room (20°C), and high (40°C) temperatures on fruit quality. Our results revealed that both low and room-temperature treatments maintained the content of sugars and organic acids, whereas high-temperature treatments elevated the accumulation of sugars but decreased the content of citric acid. In fruit peel (flavedo and albedo), the accumulation of sugars and organic acids responding to temperatures was diverse and mostly different from that in the pulp. Meanwhile, GABA and several amino acids were upregulated under short-term high-temperature treatment but downregulated in response to low-temperature treatment in both peel and pulp. Furthermore, PCA and correlation analysis revealed that the short-term temperature treatments changed the metabolic flow, and GABA was positively correlated with sugars and organic acids. Our study analyzed the metabolic changes of fruit peel and pulp in response to short-term temperature treatments and revealed that GABA may act as a signaling molecular involved in temperature-controlled quality changes.
Predicting Postallogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Glucose Intolerance: The Role of CT-based Body Composition
Authors: Giri Smith , Williams Grant R.
Published: November 2022

The description of methodologic approaches to quantifying skeletal muscle and adipose tissue compartments using routinely obtained CT images among patients with cancer have reinvigorated the field of body composition research in this population. In the accompanying article, Bhandari and colleagues demonstrate yet another application of body composition measurement in oncology; identification of glucose intolerance shortly after undergoing allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation among adults with myeloid neoplasms. The authors were able to show that skeletal muscle mass and visceral adipose tissue were associated with an increased risk of incident dysglycemia within 30 days of transplantation. This article further supports the growing evidence that body composition measures can provide clinically meaningful information in oncology allowing identification of individuals at risk of a variety of adverse events during cancer therapy.

See related article by Bhandari et al., p. 2004
Race and Ancestry in Immune Response to Breast Cancer
Authors: Hamilton Alina M. , Hoadley Katherine A. , Troester Melissa A.
Published: November 2022

Martini and colleagues performed genetic ancestry estimation on a unique international triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) study enriched for participants with African ancestry. They identified gene signatures indicative of ancestry in race-associated TNBC and found ancestry-associated immunologic differences that may contribute to racial disparities in breast cancer.

See related article by Martini et al., p. 2530 (5).
A Miniaturized Screening Platform to Identify Novel Regulators of Extracellular Matrix Alignment
Authors: Jones Caitlin E. , Sharick Joe T. , Sizemore Steven T. , Cukierman Edna , Strohecker Anne Marie , Leight Jennifer L.
Published: November 2022

Extracellular matrix (ECM) alignment contributes to metastasis in a number of cancers and is a known prognostic stromal factor; however, the mechanisms controlling matrix organization remain unclear. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) play a critical role in this process, particularly via matrix production and modulation of key signaling pathways controlling cell adhesion and contractility. Stroma normalization, as opposed to elimination, is a highly sought strategy, and screening for drugs that effectively alter ECM alignment is a practical way to identify novel CAF-normalizing targets that modulate ECM organization. To meet this need, we developed a novel high-throughput screening platform in which fibroblast-derived matrices were produced in 384-well plates, imaged with automated confocal microscopy, and analyzed using a customized MATLAB script. This platform is a technical advance because it miniaturizes the assay, eliminates costly and time-consuming experimental steps, and streamlines data acquisition and analysis to enable high-throughput screening applications. As a proof of concept, this platform was used to screen a kinase inhibitor library to identify modulators of matrix alignment. A number of novel potential regulators were identified, including several receptor tyrosine kinases [c-MET, tropomyosin receptor kinase 1 (NTRK1), HER2/ERBB2] and the serine/threonine kinases protein kinase A, C, and G. The expression of these regulators was analyzed in publicly available patient datasets to examine the association between stromal gene expression and patient outcomes.

Significance:

ECM fiber organization and alignment contribute to metastasis in a number of cancers and are a known prognostic stromal factor; however, the mechanisms controlling matrix organization remain unclear. Here, a high-throughput assay was developed to enable discovery-based screening for an in vitro ECM fiber alignment assay. As proof of concept, this platform was used to screen a kinase inhibitor library and identified several novel modulators of matrix alignment.
EFFECT OF TAX SANCTIONS, TAXAtION KNOWLEDGE AND TAXPAYER AWARENESS ON PAYING MOTOR VEHICLE TAX IN BREBES REGENCY
Authors: Nurlaeli Fenti , Rahmawati Alin
Published: November 2022

The effect of tax sanctions, knowledge of taxation and awareness of taxpayers to paying motor vehicle taxes in Brebes Regency. This study aims to determine the effect of tax sanctions, tax knowledge and taxpayer awareness on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance in Brebes Regency. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. The data used in this research is primary data. The population as many as 29,411 units of taxpayer motorized vehicles, from the data obtained 100 respondents with the sampling method using the random sampling method. Data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires. The analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis method. The results of this study indicate that tax sanctions, knowledge of taxation and awareness of taxpayers affect the compliance of motorized vehicle taxpayers at the Brebes district Samsat office either partially or simultaneously. Based on the results of research analysis shows that tax sanctions, tax knowledge and awareness of taxpayers affect the compliance of motorized vehicle taxpayers at the Brebes district Samsat office.
The Effects of Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibition on Major Coronary Events in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights From the PARADISE-MI Trial
Authors: Mehran Roxana , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Pfeffer Marc A. , Jering Karola , Claggett Brian , Lewis Eldrin F. , Granger Christopher , Køber Lars , Maggioni Aldo , Mann Douglas L. , McMurray John J.V. , Rouleau Jean-Lucien , Solomon Scott D. , Ducrocq Gregory , Berwanger Otavio , De Pasquale Carmine G. , Landmesser Ulf , Petrie Mark , Leng David Sim Kheng , van der Meer Peter , Lefkowitz Martin , Zhou Yinong , Braunwald Eugene
Published: November 2022

Background:

In patients who survive an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors decrease the risk of subsequent major cardiovascular events. Whether angiotensin-receptor blockade and neprilysin inhibition with sacubitril/valsartan reduce major coronary events more effectively than angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in high-risk patients with recent AMI remains unknown. We aimed to compare the effects of sacubitril/valsartan on coronary outcomes in patients with AMI.

Methods:

We conducted a prespecified analysis of the PARADISE-MI trial (Prospective ARNI vs ACE Inhibitors Trial to Determine Superiority in Reducing Heart Failure Events After MI), which compared sacubitril/valsartan (97/103 mg twice daily) with ramipril (5 mg twice daily) for reducing heart failure events after myocardial infarction in 5661 patients with AMI complicated by left ventricular systolic dysfunction, pulmonary congestion, or both. In the present analysis, the prespecified composite coronary outcome was the first occurrence of death from coronary heart disease, nonfatal myocardial infarction, hospitalization for angina, or postrandomization coronary revascularization.

Results:

Patients were randomly assigned at a median of 4.4 [3.0–5.8] days after index AMI (ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction 76%, non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction 24%), by which time 89% of patients had undergone coronary reperfusion. Compared with ramipril, sacubitril/valsartan decreased the risk of coronary outcomes (hazard ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.74–0.99],
P
=0.04) over a median follow-up of 22 months. Rates of the components of the composite outcomes were lower in patients on sacubitril/valsartan but were not individually significantly different.

Conclusions:

In survivors of an AMI with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and pulmonary congestion, sacubitril/valsartan—compared with ramipril—reduced the risk of a prespecified major coronary composite outcome. Dedicated studies are necessary to confirm this finding and elucidate its mechanism.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02924727.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage During Pregnancy and Puerperium: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Korhonen Aino , Verho Liisa , Aarnio Karoliina , Rantanen Kirsi , Saaros Anna , Laivuori Hannele , Gissler Mika , Tikkanen Minna , Ijäs Petra
Published: November 2022

Background:

Pregnancy-related subarachnoid hemorrhage (pSAH) is rare, but it causes high mortality and morbidity. Nevertheless, data on pSAH are limited. The objectives here were to examine the incidence trends, causes, risk factors, and outcomes of pSAH in a nationwide population-based cohort study in Finland covering 30 years.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective population-based cohort study and nested case-control study in Finland for the period 1987–2016 (Stroke in Pregnancy and Puerperium in Finland). The Medical Birth Register was linked to the Hospital Discharge Register to identify women with incident stroke during pregnancy or puerperium. A subcohort of women with SAH is included in this analysis. The temporal connection of SAH to pregnancy and clinical details were verified from patient records.

Results:

The unadjusted incidence of pSAH was 3.21 (95% CI, 2.46–4.13) per 100 000 deliveries. No significant increase occurred in the incidence throughout the study period. However, the age of the mother had a significant increasing effect on the incidence. In total, 77% of patients suffered an aneurysmal pSAH, resulting in death in 16.3% of women and with only 68.2% achieving good recovery (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) at 3 months. Patients with nonaneurysmal pSAH recovered well. The significant risk factors for pSAH were smoking (odds ratio, 3.27 [1.56–6.86]), prepregnancy hypertension (odds ratio, 12.72 [1.39–116.46]), and pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (odds ratio, 3.88 [1.00–15.05]).

Conclusions:

The incidence of pSAH has not changed substantially over time in Finland. The majority of pSAH cases were aneurysmal and women with aneurysm had considerable mortality and morbidity. Counseling of pregnant women about smoking cessation and monitoring of blood pressure and symptoms of pre-eclampsia are important interventions to prevent pSAH.
Sustainability, Development and Biodiversity: Global Theory vs. Brazilian Practice
Authors: Monteiro Fernanda , Trombini Maria Eugenia
Published: November 2022

Sustainable development is more than an agenda, it is a historical construct rooted in modernity. In response to the global theory of what is necessary to achieve biodiversity targets, Brazil, a megadiverse “developing” country from the Global South, gains international attention due to its differentiated role in terms of providing environmental services. To confront global theory and territorialized practice, the article looks at a protected area that overlaps with the lands traditionally occupied by flower-gatherers in the Cerrado, a tropical Savanna ecosystem. On the base of the case study, the dichotomy society/nature and the mobilization strategies of this grassroot movement are discussed in light of disputes surrounding sustainability, appropriation and usage of natural resources. Results show collective actors whose identity is articulated in the collection of native flowers from the rupestrian grasslands are somewhat successful in their struggle to re-signify the meaning given to ecology and sustainability through the production of counter-discourses to the conservationist paradigm.
Interannual Variability of Barrier Layer in the Tropical Atlantic and Its Relationship with the Tropical Atlantic Modes
Authors: Ma Xiao , Liu Hailong , Wang Xidong
Published: November 2022

This study reveals the role of the tropical Atlantic variability in modulating barrier layer thickness (BLT) in peak seasons. Based on reanalysis data during 1980–2016, statistical and dynamical analyses are performed to investigate the mechanism of BLT variability associated with the tropical Atlantic modes. The regions with significant correlation between BLT and tropical Atlantic modes are located on the northwest and southeast coasts of the tropical Atlantic, which are consistent with BLT maximum variability regions. In boreal spring, BLT decreases in the northwest because less latent heat release affected by weak trade wind related to the Atlantic meridional mode (AMM) shoals the isothermal layer depth (ITLD). In the south equatorial Atlantic, deepened mixed layer depth (MLD) is controlled by the decreasing freshwater input brought by a northward shift of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and further leads to a thinner barrier layer (BL). However, a shoaling MLD appears in the north equatorial Atlantic, which results from excessive freshwater input, causing a thick BL there. In boreal summer, positive runoff anomaly caused by the Atlantic equatorial mode (AEM) leads to upper warming of the tropical northwest Atlantic and a shallowing ITLD, favoring a thinner BL there. However, a southward shift of ITCZ brings more freshwater into the south equatorial Atlantic, inducing a shallowing MLD as well as a thicker BL. AEM-driven horizontal heat advection of the south equatorial current contributes to a thick ITLD in the central southern tropical Atlantic and thus increases BLT.

Significance Statement

This research aims to reveal how the tropical Atlantic meridional and equatorial interannual climatic modes affect barrier layer thickness (BLT). These two climate modes can affect the wind field, ocean current, and precipitation through air–sea interaction processes, and further affect mixing, heat–salt transport, and stratification in the upper ocean and thus BLT. This finding is important because the barrier layer restricts the exchange of heat, momentum, mass, and nutrients between the mixed layer and the thermocline, thereby impacting local and remote weather events, the ecological environment, and the climate. Our results provide guidance for interpreting the interannual variability of BLT in the tropical Atlantic.
Hartmann’s Reversal is More Complex Than Elective Left Colectomy
Authors: Nasseri Yosef , Liu Andy , Kasheri Eli , Oka Kimberly , Cohen Jason , Ellenhorn Joshua , Bergamaschi Roberto , Barnajian Moshe
Published: November 2022

Background

Hartmann’s reversal (HR) is associated with significant technical complexity and morbidity. The decision to perform HR is difficult and up to 50% of patients with colostomies do not undergo a reversal. To better guide surgeons and patients with this decision, we sought to assess the surgical risks and outcomes of HR as compared to elective left colectomy (LC).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospective database at a tertiary medical center. Patients undergoing elective Hartmann’s reversal and left colectomy between January 2014 and November 2021 were identified. We compared preoperative variables, intraoperative events, and short-term postoperative outcomes.

Results

135 patients were identified: 30 HR and 105 LC. There were no significant differences in demographics or preoperative comorbidities between HR and LC. There were more open and fewer robotic cases in HR (23.3% vs 2.9%, P < .0001; 46.6% vs 76.0%, P < .01). Total operative time was significantly longer in HR than LC (261.8 vs 211.7 minutes, P = .02). There was a significantly higher percentage of intraoperative complications in HR (13.3% vs 1.9%, P < .01). There was a significantly higher rate of minor postoperative complications in HR than LC (46.7% vs 26.7%, P = .04), but not major (6.7% vs 5.8%, P = .85). Time to first flatus/bowel movement was significantly longer in HR than LC (3.6 vs 2.5 days, P < .001).

Conclusion

Hartmann’s reversal is a more technically challenging operation than elective left colectomy and is associated with significantly higher rates of intraoperative and minor postoperative complications. Future studies should focus on mitigating these risk factors to optimize patient outcomes.
Quantification of Drugs in Brain and Liver Mimetic Tissue Models Using Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Woodhouse Nathan , Majer Jan , Marshall Peter , Hood Steve , Notingher Ioan
Published: November 2022

Quantitative analysis of drug delivery with in biological systems is an integral challenge in drug development. Analytical techniques are important for assessing both drug target delivery, target action, and drug toxicology. Using mimetic tissue models, we have investigated the efficacy of Raman spectroscopy in quantitative detection of alkyne group and deuterated drugs in rat brain and rat liver tissue models. Lasers with 671 nm and 785 nm wavelengths were assessed for their feasibility in this application due to opposing relative benefits and disadvantages. Thin tissue sections have been tested as a practical means of reducing autofluorescent background by minimizing out-of-focus tissue and therefore maximizing photobleaching rates. Alkyne-tagged drugs were quantitatively measured at 18 ± 5 μg/g drug/tissue mass ratio in rat brain and at 34 ± 6 μg/g in rat liver. Quantification calibration curves were generated for a range of concentrations from 0–500 μg/g. These results show the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a diffraction-limited spatially resolved imaging technique for assessing drug delivery in tissue applications.
Human Forgiveness in the Lord’s Prayer
Authors: Morgan Robert
Published: November 2022

The second half of the petition for forgiveness has troubled some who think its relating divine and human forgiveness by Matthew’s ‘as’ makes the former conditional on the latter or allows human goodness to be motivated by self-interest. Luke’s alternative to Matthew’s ‘as’ may offer a way of out of this apparent dilemma if kai in the phrase kai gar at Luke 11.4b is given its ascensive meaning and the phrase translated ‘for even’, as at Luke 6.32f., and elsewhere in Luke-Acts, Paul and Hebrews.
The Impact of Regional Citrate Anticoagulation on Magnesium Replacement During CRRT
Authors: DePriest Jack , Dodson Cortney , Phelps Benjamin
Published: November 2022

A patient admitted to the ICU with shock and acute kidney injury required continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). CRRT was initiated using regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) with an initial magnesium (Mg) level of 1.7 mg/dL. Over 12 days the patient received 68 g of Mg sulfate. After 58 g the patient’s Mg level was 1.4 mg/dL. On day 13, CRRT was changed to a heparin circuit from concerns of citrate toxicity. Over the next 7 days the patient required no Mg replacement with a mean Mg level of 2.22. This was significantly higher than the final 7 days on RCA (1.99; P = .00069). This case illustrates the challenges in maintaining Mg stores during CRRT. RCA is now the preferred method of circuit anticoagulation, with prolonged filter life and fewer bleeding complication compared to heparin circuits. Citrate inhibits coagulation within the circuit by chelating ionized calcium (Ca2+). Free Ca2+ and Ca-citrate complexes diffuse across the hemofilter with a percentual calcium loss as high as 70%, requiring continuous post-filter infusions of calcium to prevent systemic hypocalcemia. Magnesium loss during CRRT is also significant and may approach 15% to 20% of the total body pool within a week. Citrate chelates Mg with percentual losses comparable to calcium. Twenty-two CRRT patients on RCA had median losses >6 g/day. Doubling the Mg content in the dialyzate of 45 CRRT patients significantly improved Mg balance, but with the potential risk of increased citrate toxicity. A major obstacle to replacing Magnesium loss with the same precision as calcium is few hospitals can measure ionized Mg++ levels and must rely on total magnesium levels to guide replacement, despite a literature showing poor correlation with total body stores. Post-circuit continuous replacement of magnesium, as with calcium, in the absence of ionized magnesium levels would likely be very inexact and arduous. Being aware of the losses that can occur with CRRT, especially with RCA, and adjusting magnesium replacement empirically on rounds may be the only pragmatic action plan for this clinical issue.
Insulin Resistance in children on Sodium Valproate – A hospital based cross-sectional study in Indian children
Authors: George Lydia James , Singh Preeti , Aneja Satinder , Singh Ritu , Solanki RS , Seth Anju
Published: November 2022

Our objective was to compare the point prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) in children taking sodium valproate (VPA) and phenytoin sodium (PS) monotherapy for >1 year. 150 children, aged 6–18 years, were categorized (50 each) into - group A (VPA), group B (PS) and group C (healthy controls age-sex matched with group A). Groups were compared for metabolic complications and risk factors assessed. The point prevalence of IR and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was significantly higher in children on VPA (12% and 34% respectively) than on PS and healthy controls, regardless of age, sex, pubertal and nutritional status. The presence of central obesity, acanthosis, hypertension, dyslipidaemia was significantly associated with IR but none showed an independent association on multivariate analysis. Therapy with VPA makes children susceptible to metabolic complications. Close monitoring will facilitate early detection and timely intervention.
Why patients in specialist palliative care in-patient settings are at high risk of falls and falls-related harm: A realist synthesis
Authors: Louise Forrow Helen , Lhussier Monique , Scott Jason , Atkinson Joanne
Published: November 2022

Background:

Falls are the third highest reported safety incident in Specialist Palliative Care in-patient settings and yet specific risk factors connected with falling and associated outcomes in this setting are poorly understood.

Aim:

To understand the key individualised risk factors leading to falls in specialist in-patient palliative care settings and understand the implications and outcomes for the patients who fall.

Design:

A realist synthesis of the literature, reported following the Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards (RAMESES) standards.

Data sources:

An iterative literature search was conducted across three recognised health collections as well as grey literature from policy, practice and other relevant areas.

Results:

Falls taking place within in-patient specialist palliative care settings can cause significant harm to patients. The risk factors for these patients are multifaceted and often interlinked with underpinning complex realist mechanisms including a history of falls, the age of the person, impact of complex medications, improving functional status and the presence of delirium.

Conclusion:

In-patients in specialist palliative care settings are at risk of falling and this is multifactorial with complex reasoning mechanisms underpinning the identified risks. There is a significant impact of a fall in this cohort of patients with many sustaining serious harm, delayed discharge and both physical and psychological impacts.
Liquidity shocks and pension fund performance: Evidence from early access
Authors: Brugler James , Kim Minsoo , Zhong Zhuo
Published: November 2022

We study how expectations of fund flows causally affect fund performance by exploiting a quasi-natural experiment in the Australian pension system where an unexpected policy change temporarily allowed fund withdrawals from a prespecified date in the future. Using fractions of young members, middle-aged members, and government co-contributions for low-income earners as instrumental variables, we find an insignificant effect of expected fund outflows on performance. A potential explanation is that Australian superannuation funds preemptively engage in liquidity management in response to changes in expectations of future fund flows and this helps to limit direct and indirect costs in the rebalancing process.

JEL Classification: G11, G12, G14, G23, G51
Academic libraries’ main strategies and services during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Beglou Reza Rajabali , Akhshik Somaye Sadat
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to identify and evaluate the most important activities of academic libraries during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was conducted using qualitative content analysis to discover the services that supported education and research, and social responsibilities, at the time of the crisis. Three hundred and one of the world’s top universities were randomly selected and analysed. The findings show that libraries used four strategies in supporting education and research: creating new services and activities, developing previous services and activities, changes in previous services and activities, and support for research on COVID-19. Seven substrategies were identified for social responsibilities: documentation of events, preparation of guidelines, current awareness of the public, COVID-19 rumours versus reality, physical and mental health-care programmes, providing useful information about COVID-19, and providing medical information about COVID-19. As the pandemic continues, the experiences presented in this article can help in the provision of library services during the current crisis and be used in times of similar crises in the future.
Flight-Level Analysis of Departure Delay and Arrival Delay Using Copula-Based Joint Framework
Authors: Tirtha Sudipta Dey , Bhowmik Tanmoy , Eluru Naveen
Published: November 2022

The main goal of the current study is to identify the factors affecting flight-level airline delay by jointly modeling departure and arrival delays. Toward this end, we develop a novel copula-based group generalized ordered logit (GGOL) model system that accommodates for the influence of common observed and unobserved effects on flight departure and arrival delays. The proposed model is estimated using 2019 marketing carrier on-time performance data compiled by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) for 67 airports in the continental U.S. The delay data is augmented with a comprehensive set of independent variables including traffic conditions at the origin and destination airports in the hours preceding flight departure and arrival, trip-level attributes, weather variables for the entire flight duration, and spatial and temporal factors. The model estimation results highlight that the Joe copula model with parameterization provides the best data fit. The model performance is further established to be excellent using a holdout sample. Finally, to illustrate the applicability of the model for prediction and highlight the impact of independent variables, we perform a prediction exercise under a host of hypothetical scenarios. The illustration provides a mechanism for employing the proposed model as a tool for airline-carrier-level or airport-level delay prediction analysis using weather forecasts while controlling for a host of independent variables.
Automatic Evaluation Framework for Reliability and Safety of Multiple Train Detection Systems
Authors: Hsueh Kung-Chun , Lai Yung-Cheng
Published: November 2022

A train detection system is the basis of signaling and control in railway transportation, and there is a trend to apply multiple train detection systems simultaneously to improve reliability and safety. The ideal evaluation process for train detection systems should be able to determine their reliability and safety by considering the track layout, detection block, design and logic of the detection system, routing and frequency of trains, and train length (in relation to block length). Existing evaluation methods for train detection systems still require a few manual interactions and human judgment, which could be inefficient and subjective. Consequently, this research aims to develop a framework with automatic processes to generate all failure scenarios, calculate the probability of fail-safe conditions and wrong-side failures, and finally determine the reliability and safety index of the corresponding connection logic. Results of case studies demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework to actual cases. The use of this framework can assist railways in identifying the appropriate design and logic of multiple train detection systems.