bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valence Tautomerism in Chromium Half-Sandwich Triarylmethylium Dyads
Authors: Rehse Anja , Linseis Michael , Azarkh Mykhailo , Drescher Malte , Winter Rainer F.
Published: November 2023

Valence tautomerism (VT) may occur if a molecule contains two chemically different redox-active units, which differ only slightly in their intrinsic redox potential. Herein, we present three new half-sandwich complexes [(η6-arene)Cr(CO)2L]+ with a triarylmethylium substituent appended to the π-coordinated arene and different coligands L (L = CO, P(OPh)3, PPh3, 1+–3+) at the chromium atom. Ligand substitution purposefully lowers the half-wave potential for chromium oxidation and thereby the redox potential difference towards tritylium reduction. For the PPh3-substituted complex 3+, cyclic voltammetry measurements indicate that chromium oxidation and tritylium reduction occur at (almost) the same potential. This renders the diamagnetic Cr(0)-C6H4-CAr2+ form 3+, and its paramagnetic diradical Cr(I)+•-C6H4-CAr2• valence tautomer 3+•• energetically nearly degenerate. Temperature-dependent IR spectroscopy indeed shows two pairs of carbonyl bands that are assignable to a Cr(0) and a Cr(I) species, coexisting in a T-dependent equilibrium with almost equal quantities for both at −70 °C. The diradical form with one unpaired spin at the trityl unit engages in a monomer ⇌ dimer equilibrium, which was investigated by means of quantitative EPR spectroscopy. The diradical species 1+••–3+•• were found to be highly reactive, leading to several identified reaction products, which presumably result from hydrogen atom abstraction via the trityl C atom, e.g., from the solvent.
Recent Trends and Developments in the Electrical Discharge Machining Industry: A Review
Authors: Kamenskikh Anna A. , Muratov Karim R. , Shlykov Evgeny S. , Sidhu Sarabjeet Singh , Mahajan Amit , Kuznetsova Yulia S. , Ablyaz Timur R.
Published: November 2023

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a highly precise technology that not only facilitates the machining of components into desired shapes but also enables the alteration of the physical and chemical properties of workpieces. The complexity of the process is due to a number of regulating factors such as the material of the workpiece and tools, dielectric medium, and other process parameters. Based on the material type, electrode shape, and process configuration, various shapes and degrees of accuracy can be generated. The study of erosion is based on research into processing techniques, which are the primary tools for using EDM. Empirical knowledge with subsequent optimization of technological parameters is one of the ways to obtain the required surface quality of the workpiece with defect minimization, as well as mathematical and numerical modeling of the EDM process. This article critically examines all key aspects of EDM, reflecting both the early foundations of electrical erosion and the current state of the industry, noting the current trends towards the transition of EDM to the 5.0 industry zone in terms of safety and minimizing the impact of the process on the environment.
Ultimate Strength Behaviour and Optimization of Laser-Welded Web-Core Sandwich Panels under In-Plane Compression
Authors: Elsaka Mohamed , Guedes Soares C.
Published: November 2023

In pursuit of more efficient load-bearing solutions for ship deck panels of Very Large Crude Carriers exposed to vertical hull girder bending forces, laser-welded web-core sandwich panels are considered as an alternative to conventional stiffened panels. The primary goal is to identify a lighter steel sandwich structure capable of matching the ultimate strength of conventional counterparts. Utilizing non-linear finite element analysis, the ultimate strength of conventional decks subjected to uniaxial compression is assessed. Attention is then shifted to laser-welded sandwich panels, with a detailed examination of how various design parameters influence their performance. Specifically, four key design aspects of unidirectional vertical webs, including face thickness, web thickness, web height, and web spacing, are optimized to strike a balance between weight and strength through structural optimization techniques combined with the response surface method. Ultimately, a comparison is drawn between the ultimate strength of these innovative steel sandwich panels and their conventional, stiffened counterparts. The findings reveal that web-core sandwich panels, when employed as an alternative, result in a notable reduction in hull weight, thereby showcasing the potential for a more efficient and sustainable approach in the maritime industry.
Design and Implementation of a Multi-Function Hydrophone for Underwater Acoustic Application
Authors: Wang Rong , Zhou Yuehai , Yang Xiaoyu , Tong Feng , Wu Jianming
Published: November 2023

In recent years, underwater acoustic applications have attracted much attention, for example, for underwater environmental monitoring, underwater exploration, etc. Hydrophones play a particularly important role. Although hydrophone design has been in multifarious application forms, it still needs to consider increasing demand for low-cost, low-consumption, and multiple-function devices, as well as issues around miniaturization, lossless data collection, etc. In this paper, we design a compact underwater acoustic device that has the capability of underwater acoustic signal storage, underwater acoustic signal transmission via the Internet, and decoding based on the direct sequences spread spectrum (DSSS). The key problem is how to implement multiple functions in only one micro-controller unit (MCU). The hardware and software of the proposed multi-function hydrophone are described in detail. In particular, the MCU, the pre-amplifier with gain control, and the analog-to-digital integrated chip are introduced. Moreover, underwater acoustic data storage, underwater acoustic transmission, and the DSSS receiver are depicted in terms of software. The different functions of the hydrophone are verified in sea trial experiments. The results show that the proposed multi-function hydrophone is able to sample underwater acoustic data at high quality. In addition, to demonstrate configurable parameters, the DSSS receiver with different carrier frequencies is provided. The proposed multi-function hydrophone realizes zero bit error rate (BER) when carrier frequency fc=9 kHz, and the BER with 10−3 order of magnitude when carrier frequency fc=15.5 kHz. The results show that the proposed multi-function hydrophone has great potential to explore the ocean.
Sponge Community Patterns in Mesophotic and Deep-Sea Habitats in the Aegean and Ionian Seas
Authors: Stamouli Caterina , Gerovasileiou Vasilis , Voultsiadou Eleni
Published: November 2023

Sponge assemblages play a significant role in the functioning of the Mediterranean benthic ecosystem. The main goal of this study was to investigate the diversity and distribution of poorly known sponge communities in the mesophotic and deep-sea substrates of the eastern Mediterranean Sea. More than 1500 sponge specimens belonging to 87 taxa were collected from 156 stations during experimental and commercial bottom trawling in the Aegean Sea and the eastern part of the Ionian ecoregion, at depths of between 10 and 800 m. A total of 79 sponge species were found in the Aegean and 40 species in the Ionian Sea. Eight of these species are included in lists of endangered and threatened species, two were newly recorded in the Aegean and six were first recorded in the east Ionian Sea. Both community structure and diversity differed between the two ecoregions. Species richness, biomass, abundance and diversity decreased with increasing depth, while different species dominated, in terms of biomass, abundance and frequency of appearance, in the two ecoregions and the separate depth zones. In contrast with previous investigations, which mostly examined shallow-water sponges, no clear resemblance patterns were observed among the north and south Aegean subareas, probably due to the homogeneity of the deep-sea habitats under investigation. This study, using sampling material from fish stock monitoring programs for the first time, contributed to our knowledge of the largely unknown eastern Mediterranean mesophotic and deep-sea sponge populations, which are subjected to intensive trawling activities.
Palm Fungi and Their Key Role in Biodiversity Surveys: A Review
Authors: Pereira Diana S. , Phillips Alan J. L.
Published: November 2023

Over the past three decades, a wealth of studies has shown that palm trees (Arecaceae) are a diverse habitat with intense fungal colonisation, making them an important substratum to explore fungal diversity. Palm trees are perennial, monocotyledonous plants mainly restricted to the tropics that include economically important crops and highly valued ornamental plants worldwide. The extensive research conducted in Southeast Asia and Australasia indicates that palm fungi are undoubtedly a taxonomically diverse assemblage from which a remarkable number of new species is continuously being reported. Despite this wealth of data, no recent comprehensive review on palm fungi exists to date. In this regard, we present here a historical account and discussion of the research on the palm fungi to reflect on their importance as a diverse and understudied assemblage. The taxonomic structure of palm fungi is also outlined, along with comments on the need for further studies to place them within modern DNA sequence-based classifications. Palm trees can be considered model plants for studying fungal biodiversity and, therefore, the key role of palm fungi in biodiversity surveys is discussed. The close association and intrinsic relationship between palm hosts and palm fungi, coupled with a high fungal diversity, suggest that the diversity of palm fungi is still far from being fully understood. The figures suggested in the literature for the diversity of palm fungi have been revisited and updated here. As a result, it is estimated that there are about 76,000 species of palm fungi worldwide, of which more than 2500 are currently known. This review emphasises that research on palm fungi may provide answers to a number of current fungal biodiversity challenges.
A Case of Tinea Corporis Caused by Trichophyton benhamiae var. luteum from a Degu and Evolution of the Pathogen’s Taxonomy
Authors: Tanabe Hiroshi , Abe Noriyuki , Anzawa Kazushi
Published: November 2023

Background: Trichophyton benhamiae, an anthropophilic dermatophyte, can cause dermatophytosis in humans and animals with rising zoonotic infections through pets, primarily in Europe. Dermatophytosis from T. benhamiae is often misdiagnosed due to its inflammatory symptoms. We report a case of tinea corporis from T. benhamiae var. luteum in a Japanese woman, contracted from pet Czech degus. Case: The 40-year-old patient developed neck papules resembling acne. Initial treatment with topical antibiotics and steroids exacerbated the rash. Fungal elements were not detected by direct potassium hydroxide examination. Skin biopsy confirmed fungal elements in the stratum corneum and hair follicles, and tinea corporis was diagnosed. Oral terbinafine 125 mg was initiated without topical agents. Erythematous papules appeared on her limbs, determined as a trichophytid reaction. After two months, her skin improved significantly. Fungal culture identified T. benhamiae var. luteum colonies with a yellowish hue. Mating tests classified the strain as Americano-European race (−) with MAT1-1 genotype. This was diagnosed as tinea corporis from T. benhamiae var. luteum, likely transmitted from pet Czech degus. Conclusions: The incidence rate of pet-transmitted cutaneous fungal infections may increase in Japan with the trend to keep exotic pets. Dermatologists must recognize dermatophytosis clinical features from anthropophilic dermatophytes to prevent misdiagnosis and understand evolving nomenclature and pathogenesis.
The Relationship between Promoters’ Holdings, Institutional Holdings, Dividend Payout Ratio and Firm Value: The Firm Age and Size as Moderators
Authors: Chakkravarthy Balamuralikrishnan , Irudayasamy Francis Gnanasekar , Pillai Arul Ramanatha , Elangovan Rajesh , Rengaraju Natarajan , Parayitam Satyanarayana
Published: November 2023

The present paper aims to empirically examine the effect of promoters’ holdings and institutional holdings on dividend payout ratio and the firm value. Most importantly, this paper explores the age and size of the firm as the moderators in the relationships. Data collected from 23 companies from India and 253 data points were analyzed to test the hypothesized relationships. The results indicate that promoters’ holdings and institutional holdings are positively associated with dividend payout ratio and firm value. Further, moderator hypotheses suggest that (i) firm age moderates the relationship between promoters’ holdings and dividend payout ratio, (ii) firm size moderates the relationship between institutional holdings and dividend payout ratio, (iii) firm age moderates the relationship between promoters’ holdings and firm value, and (iv) firm size moderates the relationship between institutional holdings and firm value. The implications for theory and practice are discussed. The conceptual model developed and tested in this research contributes to both the literature on dividend payout ratio and firm value and to the needs of institutional investors interested in increasing the firm value.
Spatial–Temporal Evolution and Driving Factors of Coupling Coordination between High-Quality Urban Development and Carbon Emissions Intensity in Guangdong Province
Authors: Yang Xiaoning , Liang Junyi , Wang Shaojian
Published: November 2023

Promoting urban green growth necessitates a dual focus on reducing carbon emissions and fostering high-quality development. However, the body of research on the coupling relationship between high-quality urban development and carbon emissions remains remarkably limited. Taking Guangdong province as an example, this study strived to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for high-quality urban development encompassing economic, societal, and ecological dimensions and further conducted an in-depth examination of the spatiotemporal pattern and driving forces of coupling coordination degree between high-quality urban development and carbon emission intensity during 2000–2017. The coupling coordination degree in Guangdong province has shown continuous growth, transitioning from moderate incoordination to moderate coordination. The coupling coordination degree showed the overall spatial distribution characteristics of “high in southeast and low in others”, with Zhuhai, Zhongshan, Foshan, Guangzhou, Dongguan, and Shenzhen as the core. Notably, technological advancement, environmental governance, and economic development emerge as pivotal factors that positively affect carbon emission intensity reduction, environmental quality improvement, and coupling coordination enhancement. This research provides valuable insights for achieving harmonized high-quality development in Guangdong province involving policies of regional differences, industrial competitiveness, and new-type urbanization.
Oral Drug Delivery via Intestinal Lymphatic Transport Utilizing Lipid-Based Lyotropic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Dinh Linh , Yan Bingfang
Published: November 2023

Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) are liquids that have crystalline structures. LLCs as drug delivery systems that can deliver hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic agents. Due to their unique phases and structures, LLCs can protect both small molecules and biologics from the gastrointestinal tract’s harsh environment, thus making LLCs attractive as carriers for oral drug delivery. In this review, we discuss the advantages of LLCs and LLCs as oral formulations targeting intestinal lymphatic transport. In oral LLC formulations, the relationship between the micelle compositions and the resulting LLC structures as well as intestinal transport and absorption were determined. In addition, we further demonstrated approaches for the enhancement of intestinal lymphatic transport: (1) lipid-based LLCs promoting chylomicron secretion and (2) the design of LLC nanoparticles with M cell-triggered ligands for targeting the M cell pathway. In this review, we introduce LLC drug delivery systems and their characteristics. Our review focuses on recent approaches using oral LLC drug delivery strategies targeting the intestinal lymphatic system to enhance drug bioavailability.
Heuristics and Rescheduling in Prioritised Multi-Robot Path Planning: A Literature Review
Authors: Heselden James , Das Gautham
Published: November 2023

The benefits of multi-robot systems are substantial, bringing gains in efficiency, quality, and cost, and they are useful in a wide range of environments from warehouse automation, to agriculture and even extend in part to entertainment. In multi-robot system research, the main focus is on ensuring efficient coordination in the operation of the robots, both in task allocation and navigation. However, much of this research seldom strays from the theoretical bounds; there are many reasons for this, with the most-prominent and -impactful being resource limitations. This is especially true for research in areas such as multi-robot path planning (MRPP) and navigation coordination. This is a large issue in practice as many approaches are not designed with meaningful real-world implications in mind and are not scalable to large multi-robot systems. This survey aimed to look into the coordination and path-planning issues and challenges faced when working with multi-robot systems, especially those using a prioritised planning approach, and identify key areas that are not well-explored and the scope of applying existing MRPP approaches to real-world settings.
A Comprehensive Review of YOLO Architectures in Computer Vision: From YOLOv1 to YOLOv8 and YOLO-NAS
Authors: Terven Juan , Córdova-Esparza Diana-Margarita , Romero-González Julio-Alejandro
Published: November 2023

YOLO has become a central real-time object detection system for robotics, driverless cars, and video monitoring applications. We present a comprehensive analysis of YOLO’s evolution, examining the innovations and contributions in each iteration from the original YOLO up to YOLOv8, YOLO-NAS, and YOLO with transformers. We start by describing the standard metrics and postprocessing; then, we discuss the major changes in network architecture and training tricks for each model. Finally, we summarize the essential lessons from YOLO’s development and provide a perspective on its future, highlighting potential research directions to enhance real-time object detection systems.
Improved Self-Learning Genetic Algorithm for Solving Flexible Job Shop Scheduling
Authors: Jiang Ming , Yu Haihan , Chen Jiaqing
Published: November 2023

The flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSP), one of the core problems in the field of generative manufacturing process planning, has become a hotspot and a challenge in manufacturing production research. In this study, an improved self-learning genetic algorithm is proposed. The single mutation approach of the genetic algorithm was improved, while four mutation operators were designed on the basis of process coding and machine coding; their weights were updated and their selection mutation operators were adjusted according to the performance in the iterative process. Combined with the improved population initialization method and the optimized crossover strategy, the local search capability was enhanced, and the convergence speed was accelerated. The effectiveness and feasibility of the algorithm were verified by testing the benchmark arithmetic examples and numerical experiments.
Improving the Performance of Optimization Algorithms Using the Adaptive Fixed-Time Scheme and Reset Scheme
Authors: Chen Yuquan , Sun Yunkang , Wang Bing
Published: November 2023

Optimization algorithms have now played an important role in many fields, and the issue of how to design high-efficiency algorithms has gained increasing attention, for which it has been shown that advanced control theories could be helpful. In this paper, the fixed-time scheme and reset scheme are introduced to design high-efficiency gradient descent methods for unconstrained convex optimization problems. At first, a general reset framework for existing accelerated gradient descent methods is given based on the systematic representation, with which both convergence speed and stability are significantly improved. Then, the design of a novel adaptive fixed-time gradient descent, which has fewer tuning parameters and maintains better robustness to initial conditions, is presented. However, its discrete form introduces undesirable overshoot and easily leads to instability, and the reset scheme is then applied to overcome the drawbacks. The linear convergence and better stability of the proposed algorithms are theoretically proven, and several dedicated simulation examples are finally given to validate the effectiveness.
Subclavian Artery Pseudoaneurysm Following Bedside Temporary Hemodialysis Catheter Insertion: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Sang-Woo , Nam In-Chul , Kim Doo-Ri , Kim Jeong-Jae , Park Sung-Eun
Published: November 2023

A pseudoaneurysm of the subclavian artery following central venous catheter placement is a rare but potentially fatal complication that often requires surgical intervention. However, surgical repair of the subclavian artery remains challenging. Herein, we report the case of a male patient undergoing hemodialysis who developed a pseudoaneurysm of the subclavian artery after a bedside central vein catheter placement. Hemostasis was successfully achieved by selecting the pseudoaneurysm using a microcatheter. At the 10-month follow-up, the pseudoaneurysm was completely excluded, and the patient was in a stable condition. The patient underwent native arteriovenous fistula creation and hemodialysis. Endovascular treatment could be an effective nonsurgical treatment for subclavian artery pseudoaneurysms and has been attempted as a first-line treatment option.
Efficacy, Safety, and Concerns on Microbiota Modulation, Antibiotics, Probiotics, and Fecal Microbial Transplant for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Other Gastrointestinal Conditions: Results from an International Survey
Authors: Parigi Tommaso Lorenzo , Vieujean Sophie , Paridaens Kristine , Dalgaard Kira , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Danese Silvio
Published: November 2023

The gut microbiota play a pivotal role in human health. Dysbiosis, alterations in microbiota composition and function, is associated with gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This international survey aimed to assess physicians’ experiences, perceptions, and practices related to microbiome modulation for gastrointestinal conditions, with a focus on IBD. Results from 142 healthcare professionals, predominantly gastroenterologists, confirmed a consensus on the relevance of the gut microbiota in IBD pathogenesis. However, the utilization of microbial composition analysis and probiotics in clinical practice was limited, primarily due to the lack of standardized guidelines and supporting evidence. Physicians held conflicting views on antibiotics, recognizing their potential for inducing remission but also causing flares in IBD. Respondents also had varying opinions on the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for different gastrointestinal conditions, with higher confidence in FMT effectiveness for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea, pouchitis, and ulcerative colitis. Concerns on FMT included uncertainty about effect duration, administration intervals, and conflicting evidence. Donor selection was believed to be a crucial factor in FMT outcomes. This survey highlights the need for further research and evidence-based guidelines to optimize the use of microbiome-based therapies in clinical practice. As our understanding of the gut microbiome continues to evolve, these insights will contribute to more informed and personalized approaches to managing gastrointestinal disorders.
Rapid Detection and Quantification of Viable Cells of Pectobacterium brasiliense Using Propidium Monoazide Combined with Real-Time PCR
Authors: Li Junhui , Chen Ruxing , Yang Ruwei , Wei Xinchen , Xie Hua , Shi Yanxia , Xie Xuewen , Chai Ali , Fan Tengfei , Li Baoju , Li Lei
Published: November 2023

Pectobacterium brasiliense (Pbr) has caused significant economic losses in major vegetable production areas in Northern China by causing bacterial soft rot in cash crops such as potatoes and cucumbers. This study aimed to establish a PMA-qPCR detection method for Pbr by screening specific and sensitive primers based on the glu gene and the conserved region of the 23S rRNA gene. Based on the optimized PMA pretreatment conditions, a standard curve was designed and constructed for PMA-qPCR detection (y = −3.391x + 36.28; R2 = 0.99). The amplification efficiency reached 97%, and the lowest detection limit of viable cells was approximately 2 × 102 CFU·mL−1. The feasibility of the PMA-qPCR method was confirmed through a manually simulated viable/dead cell assay under various concentrations. The analysis of potato tubers and cucumber seeds revealed that nine naturally collected seed samples contained a range from 102 to 104 CFU·g−1 viable Pbr bacteria. Furthermore, the system effectively identified changes in the number of pathogenic bacteria in cucumber and potato leaves affected by soft rot throughout the disease period. Overall, the detection and prevention of bacterial soft rot caused by Pbr is crucial.
Salmonella Infection in Poultry: A Review on the Pathogen and Control Strategies
Authors: Shaji Syamily , Selvaraj Ramesh K. , Shanmugasundaram Revathi
Published: November 2023

Salmonella is the leading cause of food-borne zoonotic disease worldwide. Non-typhoidal Salmonella serotypes are the primary etiological agents associated with salmonellosis in poultry. Contaminated poultry eggs and meat products are the major sources of human Salmonella infection. Horizontal and vertical transmission are the primary routes of infection in chickens. The principal virulence genes linked to Salmonella pathogenesis in poultry are located in Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (SPI-1 and SPI-2). Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses are involved in the defense against Salmonella invasion in poultry. Vaccination of chickens and supplementation of feed additives like prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, and bacteriophages are currently being used to mitigate the Salmonella load in poultry. Despite the existence of various control measures, there is still a need for a broad, safe, and well-defined strategy that can confer long-term protection from Salmonella in poultry flocks. This review examines the current knowledge on the etiology, transmission, cell wall structure, nomenclature, pathogenesis, immune response, and efficacy of preventative approaches to Salmonella.
MiTree: A Unified Web Cloud Analytic Platform for User-Friendly and Interpretable Microbiome Data Mining Using Tree-Based Methods
Authors: Kim Jihun , Koh Hyunwook
Published: November 2023

The advent of next-generation sequencing has greatly accelerated the field of human microbiome studies. Currently, investigators are seeking, struggling and competing to find new ways to diagnose, treat and prevent human diseases through the human microbiome. Machine learning is a promising approach to help such an effort, especially due to the high complexity of microbiome data. However, many of the current machine learning algorithms are in a “black box”, i.e., they are difficult to understand and interpret. In addition, clinicians, public health practitioners and biologists are not usually skilled at computer programming, and they do not always have high-end computing devices. Thus, in this study, we introduce a unified web cloud analytic platform, named MiTree, for user-friendly and interpretable microbiome data mining. MiTree employs tree-based learning methods, including decision tree, random forest and gradient boosting, that are well understood and suited to human microbiome studies. We also stress that MiTree can address both classification and regression problems through covariate-adjusted or unadjusted analysis. MiTree should serve as an easy-to-use and interpretable data mining tool for microbiome-based disease prediction modeling, and should provide new insights into microbiome-based diagnostics, treatment and prevention. MiTree is an open-source software that is available on our web server.
Diversity, Taxonomic Novelty, and Encoded Functions of Salar de Ascotán Microbiota, as Revealed by Metagenome-Assembled Genomes
Authors: Veloso Marcelo , Waldisperg Angie , Arros Patricio , Berríos-Pastén Camilo , Acosta Joaquín , Colque Hazajem , Varas Macarena A. , Allende Miguel L. , Orellana Luis H. , Marcoleta Andrés E.
Published: November 2023

Salar de Ascotán is a high-altitude arsenic-rich salt flat exposed to high ultraviolet radiation in the Atacama Desert, Chile. It hosts unique endemic flora and fauna and is an essential habitat for migratory birds, making it an important site for conservation and protection. However, there is limited information on the resident microbiota’s diversity, genomic features, metabolic potential, and molecular mechanisms that enable it to thrive in this extreme environment. We used long- and short-read metagenomics to investigate the microbial communities in Ascotán’s water, sediment, and soil. Bacteria predominated, mainly Pseudomonadota, Acidobacteriota, and Bacteroidota, with a remarkable diversity of archaea in the soil. Following hybrid assembly, we recovered high-quality bacterial (101) and archaeal (6) metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), including representatives of two putative novel families of Patescibacteria and Pseudomonadota and two novel orders from the archaeal classes Halobacteriota and Thermoplasmata. We found different metabolic capabilities across distinct lineages and a widespread presence of genes related to stress response, DNA repair, and resistance to arsenic and other metals. These results highlight the remarkable diversity and taxonomic novelty of the Salar de Ascotán microbiota and its rich functional repertoire, making it able to resist different harsh conditions. The highly complete MAGs described here could serve future studies and bioprospection efforts focused on salt flat extremophiles, and contribute to enriching databases with microbial genome data from underrepresented regions of our planet.
The Association of Serotonin Toxicity with Combination Linezolid–Serotonergic Agent Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: SanFilippo Savanna , Turgeon Jacques , Michaud Veronique , Nahass Ronald G. , Brunetti Luigi
Published: November 2023

Linezolid (LZD) has a longstanding reported association with the onset of serotonin toxicity (ST), secondary to drug–drug interactions with serotoninergic agents. There have been no conclusive data supporting the incidence or contributing risk factors to date. The study evaluated the incidence of ST in patients treated with LZD and serotonergic agents concomitantly versus LZD alone. The secondary objectives included a comparison of ST incidence in patients treated with one serotonergic agent + LZD versus two or more serotonergic agents + LZD. The studies used for this meta-analysis were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. All studies including a comparison between LZD alone and LZD + a serotonergic agent published between 1 January 2000 and 1 October 2023 and meeting the quality standards were considered for inclusion. Fourteen studies were identified, with five meeting all inclusion and exclusion criteria with no significant heterogeneity. For the analysis of LZD monotherapy vs. SA combination therapy, four studies with 6025 patients total were analyzed and yielded an odds ratio of 1.78 (CI [1.04, 3.02]; I2 = 49%; GRADE certainty: low). Four studies and 2501 patients were included in the analysis of one versus more than one SA with an odds ratio of 5.18 (CI [1.05, 25.49]; I2 = 44.87; GRADE certainty: moderate). The Newcastle–Ottawa score, visual inspection of the funnel plot, and Egger’s statistic were used to evaluate quality and heterogeneity. The Peto method was used to calculate the summary odds ratios. All analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3.0 and R, while GRADE was used to evaluate the quality of the final recommendation. The number of concomitant serotonergic agents may play a role in the development of serotonin toxicity in patients prescribed linezolid. In patients requiring linezolid therapy and serotonergic agents, risk versus benefit analysis should pay attention to the number of interacting drugs.
Highly Responsive, Miniaturized Methane Telemetry Sensor Based on Open-Path TDLAS
Authors: Wu Qi , Yang Yuanjin , Shi Yuechun , Xu Yang , Wang Wenlong , Men Chao , Yang Bingxiong
Published: November 2023

This paper proposes the design of a highly responsive, compact, non-contact methane telemetry sensor, employing the open-path tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (OP-TDLAS) technology. The sensor uses the dual-core structure of FPGA and ARM to achieve high-speed methane telemetry at 100 KHz repeated modulation frequency for the first time with a non-cooperate target, and a higher gas responsive time of 1.8 ms was achieved than previously reported. Moreover, the optical system (L × W × H: 68.8 × 52 × 62.7 mm) and the electronic system (L × W: 70 × 50 mm) make the sensor more compact. Methane gas samples of varying integral concentrations were examined at a distance of 20 m. The amplitude of the absorption peaks was subjected to a linear fit with the standard concentration values, resulting in a robust linear correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.998). Notably, despite the compact form factor of the methane sensor, it demonstrated commendable stability in gas concentration detection, offering a minimum detection limit of 43.14 ppm·m. Consequently, this highly responsive and compact methane sensor, with its open-path feature, is apt for integration into a variety of applications requiring such attributes. These include handheld telemetry devices, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) gas detection systems, vehicle mounted gas detection, and laser gas radar.
Integrated Broadband Filter with Sharp Transition Edges Based on SiN and SiON Composite Waveguide Coupler
Authors: Ma Xiao , Shao Qiongchan , Gu Jiamei , Lang Tingting , Guo Xiang , He Jian-Jun
Published: November 2023

Broadband filters with sharp transition edges are important elements in diverse applications, including Raman and fluorescence spectral analysis, wideband wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), and multi-octave interferometry. While the multi-layer thin-film interference broadband filter has been widely applied in various free-space optical systems, its integrated counterpart is still far from mature, which is also highly desired for constructing chip-scale miniature optical modules. In this article, we design, fabricate, and characterize an integrated broadband filter with sharp transition edges. An adiabatic coupler based on silicon nitride (SiN) and silicon oxynitride (SiON) composite waveguide is employed here. Long-pass, short-pass, band-pass, and band-stop filters can be realized in a single design of the composite waveguide coupler for a specific wavelength range, with only a difference in the SiN taper waveguide width. Experimental results with a roll-off value of larger than 0.7 dB nm−1 and a 15 dB extinction ratio (ER) are presented.
Review of 1.55 μm Waveband Integrated External Cavity Tunable Diode Lasers
Authors: Zhang Linyu , Li Xuan , Luo Wei , Shi Junce , Sun Kangxun , Qiu Meiye , Zheng Zhaoxuan , Kong Huiying , Zhou Jinhui , Zhang Chi , Li Zaijin , Qu Yi , Qiao Zhongliang , Li Lin
Published: November 2023

The 1.55 μm waveband integrated external cavity tunable diode lasers have excellent merits such as their small volume, low cost, low power consumption, wide tuning range, narrow linewidth, large side mode suppression ratio, and high output power. These merits have attracted many applications for the lasers, such as in wavelength division multiplexing, passive optical networks, mobile backhaul, and spectral sensing technology. In this paper, firstly, the basic structure and principle of integrated external cavity tunable diode lasers are introduced, and then two main integrated structures of 1.55 μm waveband external cavity tunable diode lasers are reviewed and compared in detail, namely the hybrid integrated structure and monolithic integrated structure of 1.55 μm waveband integrated external cavity tunable diode lasers. Finally, the research progress in 1.55 μm waveband integrated external cavity tunable diode lasers in the last decade are summarised, and the advantages and disadvantages of 1.55 μm waveband integrated external cavity tunable diode lasers are analysed. The results show that, with the transformation of optical communication into more complex modulation formats, it is necessary to integrate miniature 1.55 μm waveband external cavity tunable diode lasers. Low-cost integrated 1.55 μm waveband external cavity tunable diode lasers are expected to be used in the next generation of optical transceivers in small-factor modules.
Synthesis of Urea-Formaldehyde Fertilizers and Analysis of Factors Affecting These Processes
Authors: Guo Yanle , Shi Yiyun , Cui Qunxiang , Zai Xueming , Zhang Shugang , Lu Hao , Feng Gucheng
Published: November 2023

Urea formaldehyde slow-release fertilizers are efficient and environmentally friendly fertilizers. They have good slow-release properties and can significantly improve the utilization rate of fertilizers. However, problems remain regarding the synthesis of urea formaldehyde slow-release fertilizers, their characterization, and aspects of their performance. This study explores the effects of different reaction conditions on the quality of synthesized urea formaldehyde and establishes a response relationship between synthesis factors and sustained-release performance. Optimal conditions for urea formaldehyde synthesis included use of an ammonium chloride catalyst, pH 4 as the final pH condition, and a urea/formaldehyde molar ratio (U/F) of 1.3. Samples prepared in this study were characterized in terms of cold water-insoluble nitrogen, hot water-insoluble nitrogen, and soil-available nitrogen. The samples were also characterized by spectroscopic and instrumental methods to correlate the microscale behaviors of the urea formaldehyde particles with their performance as controlled-release fertilizers. This work is expected to provide a basis for the production of urea formaldehyde and to improve its performance as a slow-release fertilizer.
Tillage Methods Change Nitrogen Distribution and Enzyme Activities in Maize Rhizosphere and Non-Rhizosphere Chernozem in Jilin Province of China
Authors: Huang Ning , Zhao Xingmin , Guo Xinxin , Sui Biao , Liu Jinhua , Wang Hongbin , Li Jialin
Published: November 2023

The tillage method in farming systems is essential to develop strategies to increase fertilizer uptake by plant roots and to avoid environmental pollution. The field study aimed to investigate the characteristics of nitrogen and enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil with different tillage methods. Four treatment plots applied with fertilizers were established: continuous rotary tillage (CR), plowing-rotary tillage (PR), continuous no-till (CN) and ploughing-no-till (PN). The total content of nitrogen in chernozem was high during early stages of plant growth, and then it decreased with the maize growth. In the rhizosphere soil, the total N accounted 1314.45, 1265.96, 1120.47, 1120.47, 1204.05 mg·kg−1 of CR, PR, CN, and PN, respectively, which were markedly greater than that of non-rhizosphere soil (1237.52, 1168.40, 984.51, 1106.49 mg·kg−1 of CR, PR, CN, and PN, respectively). At first growth stages, content of NH4+-N and NO3−-N in two soil regions was low, then increased gradually, which followed the order of CR < PR < PN < CN. The rhizosphere soil showed slightly higher concentration of NH4+-N and NO3−-N than non-rhizosphere. The soil enzymes were more active in the rhizosphere soil than that of non-rhizosphere during the whole maize growth stages. Due to minimal damage to the soil environment and optimal soil moisture and temperature, the urease and catalase activities were greatest in the rhizosphere for CN treatment. Therefore, CN was recommended to be used by farmers for the improvement of macronutrient availability and soil enzyme activities in the soil.
Current Research Status and Development Trends of Cooling Suits in High-Temperature Mine Environments: A Review
Authors: Ma Yu , Wan Qing , Gong Zidan , Wu Yiwei , Zhou Jie
Published: November 2023

To gain a deeper understanding of the current research status of cooling suits in high-temperature mines, this paper provides separate introductions to vest-type cooling suits and full-body cooling suits. It summarizes the categories of cooling suits based on different cooling media and systematically elucidates the advantages and disadvantages of each type. The paper also analyzes the current application status of cooling suits in mine environments. It suggests that the future research directions for cooling suits in mines include the miniaturization of components, intelligent temperature control, optimization of new phase-change materials, development of cooling fabrics, and research in smart fibers.
Recycled Surgical Mask Waste as a Resource Material in Sustainable Geopolymer Bricks
Authors: Thoudam Kritish , Hossiney Nabil , Lakshmish Kumar Srinidhi , Alex Jacob , Prakasan Sanoop , Chandra Sarath , Urs Yogeshraj , Arunkumar A. S.
Published: November 2023

With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, the global consumption of single-use surgical masks has risen immensely, and it is expected to grow in the coming years. Simultaneously, the disposal of surgical masks in the environment has caused plastic pollution, and therefore, it is exigent to find innovative ways to handle this problem. In this study, surgical masks were processed in a laboratory using the mechanical grinding method to obtain recycled surgical masks (RSM). The RSM was added in doses of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% by volume of geopolymer bricks, which were synthesized with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), rice husk ash (RHA), sand, and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) at ambient conditions for a duration of 28 days. The developed bricks were tested for compressive strength, flexural strength, density, water absorption, efflorescence, and drying shrinkage. The results of the study reveal that compressive strength and flexural strength improved with the inclusion of RSM in the bricks. The highest values of compressive strength and flexural strength were 5.97 MPa and 1.62 MPa for bricks with 4% RSM, respectively. Further, a reduction in the self-weight of the bricks was noticed with an increase in RSM. There was no pronounced effect of RSM on the water absorption and efflorescence properties. However, the RSM played a role in reducing the drying shrinkage of the bricks. The sustainability analysis divulges the catalytic role of RSM in improving material performance, thereby proving to be a potential candidate for low-carbon material in the construction industry.
African Biblical Hermeneutics Considering Ifá Hermeneutic Principles
Authors: Adékambi Moïse Adéniran
Published: November 2023

African contextual biblical hermeneutics, practiced mainly among those from the southern hemisphere, is framed by conflicting academic approaches, methods, epistemologies, rationalities, etc. The general challenge put before the Bible scholars in this part of the world mostly concerns methodologies. This paper focuses on the link between a biblical text and the context of its interpretation. To avoid any specific context or interpreter gaining hermeneutical hegemony over the text, in contextual biblical hermeneutics, the coherence should be first and foremost between the text and the context of its interpretation. The interpretation method of Ifá, the sacred orature of Yoruba and some non-Yoruba people in West Africa, helps to achieve that coherence. This paper is a theoretical presentation of what a contextual biblical hermeneutic can learn from this African Sacred literature reading in context. The hermeneutical rationale of Ifá stories is one of “speaking in proverbs”, considering both the stories and their interpretations as proverbs. In line with this rationale, the ideal link between a biblical text and its hermeneutical context is like the one between a “proverb story” and the many stories (contexts) of its harmonious utterances. The epistemological and hermeneutical functions of the context of interpretation are not to interpret the biblical text but to verify the validity of proposed interpretations.
Toward Sustainable Development: Assessing the Effects of Financial Contagion on Human Well-Being in Romania
Authors: Nica Ionuț , Georgescu Irina , Delcea Camelia , Chiriță Nora
Published: November 2023

In a globally interconnected economy marked by volatility, this study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to examine financial contagion’s impact on Romania’s financial stability. It investigates both conventional and unconventional channels through which financial contagion is transmitted, emphasizing its sensitivity to factors such as geopolitical events and investor sentiment. The study also assesses the influence of unemployment, market capitalization, and financial freedom on Romania’s Human Development Index (HDI) from 2000 to 2022. Using HDI, which encompasses health and education alongside economic aspects, the research provides a holistic view of well-being and quality of life. In addition to the ARDL model’s insights, this study expands its scope by conducting a multilinear regression analysis, with GDP as the dependent variable. We have incorporated independent variables such as HDI, transaction volume, and the BET-FI index to comprehensively assess their relationships and potential impact on Romania’s economic growth. This analytical approach unveils intricate connections between key economic and financial indicators, paving the way for a deeper understanding of how these variables interact. Furthermore, to shed light on the financial dynamics within Romania, a supplementary analysis in the Altreva Adaptive Modeler was undertaken, focusing on the BET-FI index. This software-based exploration provides a nuanced perspective on the index’s behavior and its interactions with other economic and social indicators. This additional dimension contributes to our holistic understanding of the effects of financial contagion and the implications for sustainable human development in Romania. By combining traditional econometric methodologies with cutting-edge modeling techniques, this study strives to offer a robust framework for comprehending the multifaceted nature of financial contagion and its implications for both the national economy and well-being. These findings have the potential to guide policymakers and financial institutions in implementing more effective risk management strategies, driving economic development, and ultimately enhancing the overall quality of life in Romania.