bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowing the Figure of KH. Munawar Al Badri Sang Paku Bumi, Da'wah Fighters from the North Coast
Authors: Mualimin Jaya , Aziz Abdul , Nursyamsiah  , Ghofar Abdul , Mubarok Abu Hasan
Published: October 2022

Every struggle of the ulama/kyai must have obstacles, obstacles and challenges, although relatively different but in principle the same, namely amar ma'rûf nahy munkar. KH. Munawar bin Kyai Badriyah bin Kyai Sarbian the originator and initiator of Islamic syi'ar broadcasters in the past Grinting era (1965s) known as Grinting is a black of culture, the village was left behind after being made aware of the importance of education, especially religious education in the 20s years later now different, advanced, high achievers and religious. It even became the village with the best educational participation rate. Through a qualitative approach with a narrative model and historical, descriptive, and literature methods. Success in spreading the mission of Islamic boarding school with its three teaching materials, namely reading the Qur'an, understanding tajwid and having good morals contributed to the millennial era, including in initiating Jam'iyah, and madrasa education.
Sekolah Advokasi: Mewujudkan Masyarakat Sadar Hukum
Authors: Absori  , Bangsawan Moh. Indra , Budiono Arief , Diarti Dewi Kusuma , Ikhsan  , Surbakti Natangsa
Published: October 2022

Munculnya kesadaran hukum seyogyanya didorong oleh sejauh mana kepatuhan hukum didasarkan pada indoktrinasi, keakraban, utilitas, dan identifikasi kelompok. Tujuan kegiatan ini untuk mendeskripsikan kesadaran hukum masayarakat saat ini; dan mendeskripsikan upaya peningkatan kesadaran hukum masyarakat. Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan mitra Majelis Hukum dan HAM Pimpinan Daerah Muhammadiyah Kabupaten Sragen menunjukan bahwa terdapat permasalahan hukum yang hingga saat ini tengah dihadapi oleh masyarakat antara lain permasalahan perlindungan anak, sengketa pertanahan, pencemaran lingkungan, permasalaha waris, permasalahan hak kekayaan intelektual dan lain sebagainya. Sebagai upaya membantu masyarakat untuk menghadapi persoalan hukum tersebut, maka diselenggarakan Sekolah Advokasi yang dilakukan secara blended (Luring-Daring) sebagai wadah untuk menyiapkan advokat maupun paralegal dalam Majelis Hukum dan HAM Kabupaten Sragen yang professional, berintegritas dan memiliki kepedulian kepada isu-isu hukum dan keadilan social.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Masyarakat dalam Pertolongan Pertama Gigitan Ular
Authors: Rachmania Diana , Ludyanti Laviana Nita
Published: October 2022

Gigitan ular berbisa merupakan kegawatdaruratan yang telah diketahui secara global, terutama terjadi pada wilayah tropis dengan pekerjaan utamanya petani, nelayan, pemburu, dan pawang ular. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan masyarakat dalam pertolongan pertama gigitan ular. Responden dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 40 orang diambil dengan tekhnik Purpossive Sampling. Setelah dilakukan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini, pengetahuan dan kemampuan masyarakat meningkat dengan hasil uji analisa dengan wilcoxon didapatkan P value 0,002 < 0,05, bahwa pemberian metode small grup discussion dan demonstrasi dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan masyarakat dalam memberikan pertolongan pertama pada kegawatan gigitan ular. Small group discussion dan demonstrasi pertolongan pertama gigitan ular hendaknya dapat diaplikasikan di desa-desa lainnya sebagai program edukasi dan pelatihan peningkatan kemampuan masyarakat dalam   melakukan pertolongan pertama gigitan ular agar mampu  mencegah terjadinya keparahan korban sebelum di bawa ke rumah sakit.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan dalam Budidaya Stroberi Sehat dan Ramah Lingkungan
Authors: Suanda I Wayan , Sukendra I Komang , Kartika I Made , Widnyana I Ketut
Published: October 2022

PKM ini bertujuan untuk Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Kelompok Tani “Petani Muda Keren” di Desa Pancasari Kecamatan Sukasada Kabupaten Buleleng-Bali dalam mengelola budidaya tanaman stroberi yang sehat dan ramah lingkungan serta manajemen pembukuan yang baik. Agro Edu Wisata memetik dan menikmati stroberi langsung dilokasi menjadi andalan kelompok tani untuk meningkatkan pendapatan. Mitra berharap adanya program kegiatan pemberdayaan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan membuat pupuk organik dan pestisida nabati dengan memanfaatkan potensi yang ada. Pemberdayaan dengan melaksanakan pelatihan dan pendampingan dapat meningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kelompok tani dalam pembuatan pupuk hayati dan pestisida nabati serta formulasi. Peningkatan kemampuan untuk mengolah pascapanen stroberi dan manajemen usaha pada kegiatan Agro Edu Wisata setelah diberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan.
Monitoring and biochemical impact of insecticides resistance
on field populations of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Egypt
Authors: Fouad Eman A. , Ahmed Fatma S. , Moustafa Moataz A. M.
Published: October 2022

Cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) is a key pest affecting many field crops and vegetables in Egypt. Therefore, in the current study, the susceptibility of the 2nd instar larvae of S. littoralis laboratory strain to eight insecticides was investigated and the insecticide resistance levels of two field populations were monitored. The two populations were collected from two governorates in Egypt, namely El-Monufia (MS) and El-Fayoum (FS). Resistance monitoring showed that the field population from
El-Fayoum was highly resistant to chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate (EMB), spinotram, and spinosad. However, the El-Monufia field population only exhibited high resistance to chlorantraniliprole and spinosad. The relative toxicity showed that the laboratory strain is highly sensitive to EMB (LC50= 0.001 ppm) followed by spinotram (LC50= 0.006 ppm), chlorantraniliprole (LC50= 0.008 ppm), spinosad (LC50= 0.008 ppm), and indoxacarb (LC50= 0.021 ppm), while chlorfenapyr, fipronil, and alpha-cypermethrin exhibited low toxicity to the laboratory strain of S. littoralis. Moreover, the biochemical determinations of detoxification enzymes revealed that carboxylesterase (α, and β -esterase), and AChE activity were significantly increased in the FS population. Thus, Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) showed significant increase in the two populations.
New records of Euphaedra species (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) from Central African Republic
Authors: Zúbrik Milan , Oremans Philippe , Pyrcz Tomasz
Published: October 2022

This research paper is based on living material belonging to the genus Euphaedra, collected over the last 10 years in Bangui, as well as a neighbouring South West area in Central African Republic (CAR). There are four rare species of Euphaedra confirmed in CAR, and three others are reported for the first time in this country. Some comments are included relating to species abundance and distribution.
Las pandemias de la historia
Authors: Jácome Roca Alfredo
Published: October 2022

Fragmento

Nos invade una sensación de déjà vu mientras se desarrolla la pandemia de coronavirus que se ha llamado COVID-19, así su globalización haya ocurrido en 2020. Déjà vu porque en 1975 veíamos horrorizados la invasión del VIH y la mortalidad causada por el SIDA, luego el SARS, el Ébola, el resurgimiento de la tuberculosis o los brotes estacionales de la influenza A. Sentimos este “novel” virus cerca, no obstante no tener aún conocidos afectados. Nos impresiona la rapidez de su diseminación por todos los países, por todas las regiones, por todas las ciudades y la certeza de que para obtener la “inmunidad de rebaño”, cerca de un 70% de los seres humanos tendrá que infectarse. El hecho de que nuestro sistema inmune no tenga defensas contra este virus letal, nos inclina hacia una disposición metafísica, aspirando a que los científicos en su búsqueda, encuentren una providencial vacuna o un tratamiento efectivo. Preocupa que tiene la posibilidad de aniquilar tal vez un 3 a 4% de la población, mucho más en el segmento de los adultos mayores y de los inmunocomprometidos. El personal de salud, aunque representado fundamentalmente por profesionales jóvenes o en el comienzo de la edad madura, se encuentra en altísimo riesgo ante la cercanía con sus pacientes infectados. La lista del personal de salud fallecido ya es larga. De la noche a la mañana, hay que enseñarle a médicos generales a familiarizarse con el manejo de los necesitados ventiladores, ubicados en unidades de cuidado intensivo, o incluso en camas hospitalarias, tiendas colocadas en parques y parqueaderos, o en cualquier espacio que funja de unidad de cuidado, esto último en caso del “peor escenario”.
La crisis de la medicina basada en la evidencia (MBE) en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Rojas-Puentes Luis Leonardo , Cardona Zorrilla Andrés Felipe
Published: October 2022

Fragmento

En 2014 Trisha Greenhalgh publicó en el BMJ un interesante análisis que se titulaba Medicina Basada en la Evidencia: un movimiento en crisis? (1); sin duda, un título sugestivo e inquietante en particular para aquellos médicos que hemos sido educados bajo la premisa que la Medicina Basada en la Evidencia (MBE) es el nuevo paradigma de la práctica médica y la respuesta a nuestros interrogantes y problemas clínicos, a los que nos enfrentamos a diario y, más aún, a quienes hemos hecho de la epidemiología clínica una actividad complementaria. Sin dudar de los beneficios que la MBE ha traído a nuestra profesión, Greenhalgh expone una serie de problemas o inconvenientes que tal vez muchos desconocemos o pasamos por alto, como: su utilización para defender intereses particulares; el volumen de la información que sobrepasa cualquier capacidad de revisión o síntesis; beneficios estadísticos que no se traducen en beneficios clínicos o beneficios marginales; reglas o algorítmicos clínicos que desconocen la individualidad y la singularidad de nuestros pacientes; y recomendaciones que no se adaptan a la multimorbilidad, condición común en quienes pretendemos beneficiar de esta “mejor evidencia”.
Rastros visibles del enemigo invisible: las epidemias en la historia
Authors: López María Margarita , Cardona Zorrilla Andrés Felipe
Published: October 2022

Los brotes intermitentes de las enfermedades infecciosas han tenido efectos profundos y duraderos en las sociedades a lo largo de la historia. Esos eventos han moldeado poderosamente los aspectos económicos, políticos y sociales de la civilización humana, y sus efectos a menudo duran siglos. Las pandemias han definido algunos de los principios básicos de la Medicina moderna, incitando a la comunidad científica a desarrollar principios de epidemiología, prevención, inmunización y tratamientos antimicrobianos. Este artículo describe algunas de las infecciones globales más notables que tuvieron lugar en la historia humana y son relevantes para una mejor comprensión de los cambios en el tiempo. Comenzando con textos religiosos, que hacen referencia en gran medida a las plagas, este artículo establece los fundamentos para nuestra comprensión del alcance y del impacto social, médico y psicológico, de algunas pandemias que afectaron a la civilización, incluyendo la Peste Negra, la gripe española y la más reciente, el COVID-19.
Epidemiología de las pandemias
Authors: Roselli Diego
Published: October 2022

Las epidemias han acompañado a la humanidad desde tiempos remotos. Se ha visto que su comportamiento sigue unos patrones matemáticos que poco a poco se han ido precisando. En este artículo se revisan las seis fases que la OMS ha establecido para clasificar las pandemias, se revisan la última gran pandemia, la gripa española de 1918 y su impacto en Colombia, y el último brote importante ocasionado por un coronavirus: el SARS de 2002 y 2003. Finalmente, se menciona la importancia de los modelos matemáticos explicativos y predictivos, y se plantean varios escenarios para el comportamiento futuro de la epidemia en Colombia.
La peste negra: el enemigo incorpóreo
Authors: López María Margarita , Cardona Zorrilla Andrés Felipe
Published: October 2022

La Peste Negra, también conocida como la Pestilencia o Gran Mortalidad, fue la pandemia más fatal registrada en la historia de la humanidad, lo que resultó en la muerte de hasta 200 millones de personas, desde Eurasia hasta el norte de África, y alcanzó su punto máximo en Europa desde 1347 hasta 1351. La peste, es una zoonosis causada por la bacteria Yersinia pestis y el resultado más común, suele ser la aparición de nódulos bubónicos, seguida de infección septicémica o neumónica. La Peste Negra, probablemente, se originó en Asia Central o Asia Oriental, desde donde viajó a lo largo de la Ruta de la Seda y llegó a Crimea en 1347. A partir de ahí, posiblemente fue transportada por pulgas que vivían en las ratas negras que viajaban en barcos mercantes genoveses, se extendió en toda la cuenca del Mediterráneo y llegó a África, Asia occidental y el resto de Europa, a través de Constantinopla, Sicilia y la península italiana. La evidencia actual indica que, una vez que llegó a tierra, la Peste Negra, fue en gran parte, propagada por humanos. Esta plaga creó trastornos religiosos, sociales y económicos, con profundos efectos en el curso de la historia europea, pues fue el segundo desastre que afectó a Europa durante la Baja Edad Media (el primero fue la Gran Hambruna) y se estima que causó la muerte del 30% al 60% de la población continental. Los brotes de la peste se repitieron en diversos lugares del mundo hasta principios del siglo XIX.
El cólera
Authors: Vásquez Awad David , Murillo Luis María , Iglesias Gamarra Antonio
Published: October 2022

Durante los últimos 200 años, se han generado siete pandemias de cólera y su origen se indica hacia 1817. Desde entonces, se han documentado incontables brotes, como el de 1991-1994 en América del Sur y, más recientemente, el de 2016-2020 en Yemen. Aunque ya están bien reconocidos los mecanismos asociados a la propagación del cólera, por el momento, escapa a la comprensión por qué los brotes ocurren en algunos escenarios, mientras en otros paralelos no. La falta de tratamiento de las heces humanas y del agua potable, facilita enormemente su propagación. Se ha encontrado que los cuerpos de agua sirven como reservorio, y los mariscos permiten la expansión de la enfermedad. Entre 1816 y 1923, las primeras seis pandemias de cólera ocurrieron, consecutiva y continuamente, a lo largo del tiempo. El aumento del comercio, la migración y la peregrinación, promovieron su transmisión. Al final de este período (particularmente entre 1879-1883), se desarrollaron importantes avances científicos hacia el tratamiento del cólera: la primera inmunización por Pasteur, el avance de la primera vacuna y la identificación de la bacteria Vibrio cholerae por Filippo Pacini y Robert Koch. Las epidemias ocurrieron después de diversas guerras, disturbios civiles o desastres naturales, cuando el suministro de agua y alimentos se contaminó con el patógeno, y también, debido a las condiciones de vida abarrotadas y por el saneamiento deficiente. Se estima que las muertes en la India entre 1817 y 1860, durante las tres primeras pandemias del siglo XIX, superaron las 15 millones de personas. Otros 23 millones murieron entre 1865 y 1917, durante las siguientes tres pandemias. La séptima pandemia se originó en 1961, en Indonesia, y estuvo marcada por la aparición de una nueva cepa, apodada “El Tor”, que aún persiste en algunos países en desarrollo. Aquí, abordamos una revisión completa de la historia del cólera, desde una perspectiva global hasta la representación de la infección en el entorno regional y local.
La dama española
Authors: Arias Nieto Gloria
Published: October 2022

Se hace una revisión de los orígenes, características e impacto de la fiebre española en los años 1918 y 1919, y su relación con la Primera Guerra Mundial. Veremos cómo la constancia de un investigador sueco logró, al cabo de 46 años de su primera expedición, que, junto con otros científicos, se encontrara la estructura genética del virus causante de la enfermedad. La pandemia dejó más de 50 millones de muertos. El mayor número de víctimas se presentó en Europa y Estados Unidos, en un claro vínculo con la movilización de las tropas. Niños y adultos jóvenes fueron los más afectados. El origen no estuvo en España, pero su condición de país neutral le permitió tener libertad de prensa y, por ende, los medios de comunicación informaron, sin ninguna censura, sobre una extraña fiebre que se contagiaba rápida y -muchísimas veces- mortalmente. En sus inicios, la peste española, causada por el virus H1N1, fue un grito callado a la fuerza por el resto del mundo. Haremos un recorrido por la vida, inspiración y entorno de los pintores Edvard Munch y Gustav Klimt, y los escritores Franz Kafka y Guillaume Apollinaire. Los cuatro tuvieron en común una genialidad transformadora, y haber padecido la enfermedad más devastadora del siglo XX. El arte no es capaz de inmovilizar la muerte, pero es tan fuerte, tan genuina y profunda que, a los verdaderos artistas de cuerpo y alma, los vuelve inmortales.
Académico honorario Rafael de Zubiría Gómez
Authors: Jácome Roca Alfredo
Published: October 2022

Fragmento

A sus 95 años murió el académico honorario Rafael de Zubiría Gómez, quien se desempeñó como ministro de Salud en el gobierno del expresidente Belisario Betancur y fue alcalde de Bogotá en 1986.

Rafael de Zubiría era cartagenero, nació el 11 de noviembre de 1925; estudió medicina y se especializó en cirugía general con énfasis en gastroenterología en el servicio del profesor y académico Hernando Anzola Cubides, en el Hospital San Juan de Dios. Dicho servicio contaba con el académico Juan Di Doménico como profesor agregado, y como jefes de clínica estuvieron también los académicos Álvaro Caro Mendoza y el profesor De Zubiría Gómez. En aquella época fue muy conocido como cirujano, ejerció intensamente su profesión y la docencia en la Universidad Nacional.
The Use of Mobile Phones to Enhance Inclusive and Equitable Education for All. A Case of Disabled Youths in Bamenda, Cameroon
Authors: Bih Fon Louisa
Published: October 2022

This paper investigates how physically disabled youths in the town of Bamenda, the capital city of the North West Region of Cameroon are able to fit in the Sustainable Development Goal 4 especially with technological advancement. The Sustainable Development Goal 4 aims to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. The emergence of technology has been an asset to learning in the 21st Century. This research seeks to understand how the physically disabled youths benefit in this wave of technology as concerns their education enhancement. We set off with the following questions. How can phones be used by disabled youths such as the blind and deaf? How can phones help the education of physical disabled youths? Proposed answers to the above stated questions were; Mobile phones are wired with apps and settings which help people living with disability. Through mobile phones, physically disabled youths can access learning materials on the internet and through voice notes. The main theoretical resource for this study is Technological Mediation Theory by Verbeek. Purposeful samplings of 30 physically disabled youths in the city of Bamenda were our focus. Interviews and observation were the means through which data was obtained. Results have it that, among the disabled, the deaf are very active of phones and social media with video aids and the possibility of writing. While the blind have audio setting on their phones, which help them get most information they want. Their trainers as well learn quite well on how to accommodate them and carry them along their respective training.
Training on eBook Publishing among University Teachers In Nigeria: A Covid-19 Era Intervention
Authors: Asim Alice , Asim Wilfred , Forje Gima
Published: October 2022

One of the mandates of University teaching in Nigeria is publication of research findings. Promotion depends on such publications. University teachers often achieve this demand through peer-reviewed conference papers. At the onset of Covid-19 lockdown in Nigeria, restriction on gatherings affected in-person conferences and created a problem for many who needed to meet the demands for promotion. As beneficiaries of online trainings, we decided to provide an intervention in the form of a 5-day technology-enhanced workshop on eBook creation and publishing, which took place in March and June 2021. Using WhatsApp platform and an invite link, 109 lectures participated in the training through interactive sessions and video recordings using Screencast-O-Matic. The training experience was exhilarating for us as trainers and rewarding for the participants. About 50% of them successfully created their Kdp accounts and through the skills acquired, published their first eBook on Amazon. Such publications could be used for promotion purposes. A good number of the successful ones progressed to the level where they obtained certificates as Master eBook creators.
Emergence of Traditional Women Goat Rearers to a Corporate Company: The Role of Open and Distance Learning and Life Long Learning Programme
Authors: Perumal Thamizoli , Kothandaraman Balasubramanian , Keppanan Kamaraj
Published: October 2022

Learning needs of the farming community is massive but the opportunities available to address the needs are limited. Farming practices are changing very fast due to multiple reasons like climate crisis, globalization, and demands from the markets, technology advancements etc., hence the farmers learning needs are changing fast. Increasing use of mobile phones, higher penetration rate in rural India and advantages of Mobile Learning made mobile phones an effective learning tool particularly among the women farmers whose mobility and opportunities for learning is restricted due to various socio economic and cultural factors. In the year 2009 around 300 women goat rearers who are members of Self Help Groups received credit from a commercial bank for buying goats, the trust and credibility strengthened the bond and helped the women to receive continuous credit support. For better management of goat rearing and to ensure profit these women showed interest to learn about improved management practices. To meet the demands of the women goat rarers Vidiyal an NGO and Vidivelli a Community Based Organization together introduced mobile based Life long learning for Farmers (L3F) programme with the support of Commonwealth of Learning. The lessons were disseminated through simple button phones as voice messages on daily basis. With the support of the National Bank for Agriculture and Development around 2500 women goat rearers came together in 2014 and registered a Farmers Producer Organization (FPO) called ‘Theni Women Goat rearers Producer Company’. Now the company is managed by a set of women goat rearers, it has provided dividend to its shareholders for the last four years. The company is emerging as a model in the region, other 12 such FPOs in the region are now joined with this and created a consortium of FPOs for mutual learning and to leverage the scale in the business. // The paper will discuss in detail about the characteristics of the learners, learning needs of the farmers, pedagogical approach adopted, learning outcomes, access and experiences of mobile phones for learning, gender constrains etc. It will also discuss about the FPOs management, how the women farmers become corporate literates and managing the company successfully.
Learners’ Engagement and Motivation in Online Education during Covid-19: Challenges and Possibilities in Bangladesh
Authors: Bhuiyan Md Omar Faruk
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study is to find out learners’ engagement and motivation in online education during Covid-19 considering the challenges and possibilities in the context of Bangladesh. Mixed methods have been used while conducting the study. Survey questionnaire has been used for quantitative purpose while in-depth interviews has been used for qualitative purpose. In survey questionnaire 105 University going students and in interview 5 students have been selected. The study reveals that almost all of the learners participated in online education and they participated for various reasons. They actively took part in online education and motivated enough in online education during the Covid-19 pandemic. Learners are motivated in online education because most of the learners believe that online education during Covid-19 helps them to resume their academic session, to get connected with their respective study, to reduce their stress and trauma as in online classes they can interact with their friends and teachers. Students outlined different challenges i.e., absence of full concentration, lack of appropriate learning environment, and lack of interaction. Despite these challenges, online education creates some possibilities e.g., faculty members conducted class more systematically than traditional face-to-face class, resources become available and the learning scope get widened.
Promoting Inclusion at Scale with School Leader Network Communities Supported by Open Resources: Researching Participant Needs and Priorities
Authors: Wolfenden Freda , Cooper Deborah , Dawadi Saraswati , Majeed Zahid , Ibrahimi Munir , Shrestha Sushil
Published: October 2022

School Leaders’ role in promoting change for equity and inclusion in their schools and communities as pedagogical leaders is underutilised in many contexts. Although leaders may not see themselves as having agency or responsibility for inclusion there is potential to build on their local knowledge to take small actions from the bottom up: they can open or close doors for children marginalised from learning. // Our GPE KIX funded research In Pakistan, Nepal and Afghanistan explores the potential scalability of strengthening school leaders’ capacity for inclusion through collaboration in networked improvement communities with open and blended learning resources. // Despite significant disruptions from covid, regime change and other disruptions, in-country partners conducted research exploring local practices around inclusion, access to ICT, access to professional development, and the policy context related to inclusion in each of these contexts. This involved surveys of over 500 school leaders followed by semi-structured interviews (30) and detailed policy analysis of inclusion, leadership and ICT. // In this paper we share findings from this initial research and the implications of findings for supporting the design of the open resources to support localised enquiry-based collaboration to strengthen school leaders’ capacity to take action on education inclusion.
Beyond Allowing the Disadvantaged in: Biographical Perspectives of Online Higher Education Alumni with Migratory Backgrounds
Authors: Xarles-Jubany Gemma , Lee Kyungmee
Published: October 2022

Since the United Nations made a call in 2016 to facilitate online education for migrants worldwide, the number of online initiatives targeting this profile of students has been growing. The rapid growth in course offerings and students' enrolment has mistakenly been considered evidence for the increased accessibility of university education. However, improving access to higher education is a complex and multidimensional social issue beyond allowing the disadvantaged in universities. Thus, our research aims to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the accessibility of online higher education rooted in an actual online HE practice, going beyond the point of entrance. This article focuses on the biographical narratives of three alumni from the Open University of Catalonia, each with migratory backgrounds from a different continent of origin and previous university experience, illustrating the journey of obtaining an online bachelor's degree. A set of influencing factors has been identified, based on which the accessibility of online education has been reconceptualised. Additionally, we suggest strategies to better support this profile of students in the context of online universities.
EVALUATION OF THE STABILITY OF RNA SARS-CoV-2 IN MULTIPLE FREZEE-THAW CYCLES USING REAL-TIME PCR METHOD
Authors: Thuy Pham Thị Hong , Huong Vu Thi Thu , Minh Pham Thi , Duc Pham Trung , Ngoc Phung Thi
Published: October 2022

Introduction/ Objectives: According to WHO, clinical samples collected in retrospective clinical studies are required to provide stability claims for each storage condition, such as duration at different temperatures and freeze/thaw cycles[1]. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of multiple freeze/thaw (FT) cycles on the concentration of RNA SARS-CoV-2 (extracted from retrospective clinical sample) by using Real-time PCR method.

Methods: Descriptive laboratory study. We used a commercial Real-time PCR assay and reference standard for quantification of RNA concentration after each FT cycle.

Results: We observed that the extracted RNA SARS-CoV-2 remained stable and did not show significantly different Ct values (equivalent to viral loads) over 10 FT cycles (p >0.05), compared to those Ct values at time point 0. Variations of Ct values over 10 FT cycles ranged from 0.64% to 1.64%. The mean difference in viral load was 0,12log10IU/ml.

Conclusions: Our study results proved that RNA SARS-CoV-2 extracted from clinical samples can remain stable over 10 freeze-thaw cycles and can be used as a evaluation panel for quality control of in vitro diagnostic test kits detecting SARS-CoV-2.
A STUDY TO INVESTIGATE THE ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS, POLYPHENOL CONTENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF EXTRACTS FROM ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA MEDICINAL PLANTS
Authors: Hong Tran Thi , Hue Pham Thi , Ha Nguyen Thi Thanh , Hai Nguyen Thanh
Published: October 2022

Andrographis paniculata is a traditional medicinal plant which has been known for various beneficial properties, such as the inhibition of bacterial growth and health enhancement properties. This study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial effects, polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities of extracts from Andrographis paniculata plant materials, so as to partly explain its traditional application. Plant materials were extracted with 6 solvents: hot water, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, acetone and hexane. We applied the agar-well-diffusion method to evaluate the inhibitory effects of extracts on several bacteria strains, including: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633; Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 7953; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25023; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923; Escherichia coli ATCC 85922; Escherichia coli ATCC 35218; Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella ATCC 13311. Reagents, such as Folin Ciocalteu and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), were used to measure the polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities of the extracts, which were then respectedly converted to mg acid chlorogenic equivelent and mg VTME equivelent per 100 mg plant powder. The results showed that extracts from Andrographis paniculata showed antibacterial effects, in which the ethanol extract showed the highest antibacterial effects on bacteria, as it induced inhibitory zones on all testes bacteria, with the largest one was on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (18.81±2.22 mm). Extracts with high polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities were methanol, hot water and ethanol, in which the highest polyphenol content belonged to methanol extract (with the value reached to 0.270±0.019 mg acid chlorogenic equivalent per 100 mg plant powder), and the strongest antioxidant activity belong to hot water extract (with the value reached to 0.691±0.115 mg VTME equivalent per 100 mg plant powder).
STABILITY ASSESSMENT OF THE FIRST NATIONAL STANDARD FOR ROTAVIRUS VACCINE
Authors: Kieu Nguyen Thi , Thien Doan Huu , Yen Le Thi Hai , Huong Nguyen Thi Thu , Hoa Nguyen Thi , Phuong Do Thi
Published: October 2022

In early 2019, the National Institute for Control of Vaccines and Biologicals (NICVB) implemented a national-level project to establish the first national standard for rotavirus vaccines to be used in the quality control of rotavirus vaccines, code MCQG.Ro.01. However, a stability assessment of the national standard has not been carried out yet. NICVB had performed a study entitled "Stability assessment of the first national standard for rotavirus vaccine" with the purpose of providing the prediction shelf life through a thermally accelerated degradation study. In this study, the first national standard for rotavirus vaccine was stored at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C. At each temperature, the potency of the vaccine was evaluated after 3 days, 5 days, 7 days and 10 days. The stability data were analysed by JMP Pro13 software, the software used to predict the expiry date of vaccines and biological products based on the Arrhenius equation. As a result, the first national standard for rotavirus vaccine, code MCQG.Ro.01, has a predicted shelf life of 27 years when stored at -70 °C.
Application of Realtime RT-PCR assay for the detection of E gene of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Thao Dinh Thi Phuong , Huong Vu Thi Thu , Thuy Pham Thi Hong
Published: October 2022

Application on the  Realtime RT-PCR assay is a method to determine the presence of viruses through the detection of genetic material of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is a highly accurate method. This study was conducted to validate the Realtime RT-PCR assay for the detection of E gene of SARS-CoV-2 at National Institute for Control of Vaccines and Biologicals (NICVB).

Descriptive study in the laboratory. We determined limit of detection (LOD), reproducibility and analytical specificity of the Realtime RT-PCR assay for the detection of E gene of SARS-CoV-2 according WHO guidelines.

The study results included as follow the limit of detection (LOD) reached LOD 95 is 5.2 copies/reaction (95%CI 3.3- 8.0); The accuracy with mean CV (%) of repeatability reached 2.00% and reproducibility reached 1.74% and analytical specificity reached 100%. The results all met the approval criteria and comparable to published data by WHO group.

Based on results we successful application of Realtime RT-PCR assay for  the detection of E gene of SARS-CoV-2 at National Institute for Control of Vaccines and Biologicals
Some complications of the radiofrequency ablation method in patients with non-small cell lung cancer at Nghe An Oncology Hospital
Authors: Hung Pham Vinh , Huong Vu Thi Thu , Huong Nguyen Thi Mai
Published: October 2022

Background/Purpose: To describe some complications of the radiofrequency ablation method in patients with non-small cell lung cancer at Nghe An Oncology Hospital.

Methods: The non-controlled clinical intervention study, compared the results before and after on 43 non-small cell lung cancer patients at Nghe An Oncology Hospital.

Results: 16 complications occurred, accounting for 37.2%. Complications after radiofrequency ablation include hemoptysis, pneumothorax, pneumothorax that must be drained, hemothorax, and pneumonia. The rate of complications in pneumothorax was the highest at 25.6, lower was hemoptysis at 11.6%, followed by post-procedural pneumonia at 4.7% in 1st and 14.3% in 2nd, the remaining complications accounted for a small rate.

Conclusion: No statistically significant differences were found in age, sex, RFA frequency, RFA duration, and needle type used with complications after RFA.
Root border cells: A pioneer’s of plant defence in rhizosphere
Authors: K DARSHAN , SINGH JAGMOHAN , YADAV SURESH , M VENUGOPALA K , AGGARWAL RASHMI
Published: October 2022

The environment around the root in rhizosphere is a complex region where multiple interactions take place among soil, plant and microorganisms. Plant growth and architecture of entire plant, in fact depends upon the roots which provide sufficient amount of nutrients and water. Root tips while sensing the rhizosphere for availability nutrients counteract with array of harmful microorganisms in the soil. In order to protect from these stresses plant roots have evolved specialized cells known as root border cells which act as front line defence mechanism in rhizosphere. Border cells are individual or bunch of programmed viable cells released from root tip which forms protective sheath between root and external environment. Border cells secret hydrated mucilage that contains antimicrobial compounds and extracellular DNA which governs the behaviour of microbiome in the soil. Production of border cell is regulated by number of factors such as phytohormones, PME enzyme and transcription factor NLP7. Plant breeding and genetic engineering could be used to exploit border cells defence mechanism as a new avenue for disease control. This review summarizes about the importance, properties of border cells, mechanism, and regulation of border cells production and role of RETs as element of plant defence.
Efficacy of rice straw mulch for the sustainable production and insect pest management in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)
Authors: SAHA SWATI , CHANDRASHEKAR K , SONKE L R , MAHAPATRO G K
Published: October 2022

With an aim to utilize rice straw for crop mulching purpose and prevent environmental damage caused due to its burning, the efficacy of rice straw mulching was compared with the standard practice of silver colored polyethylene mulch and without mulch in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) for the crop growth, yield and for the reduction of insect pest population. The trials were performed during the rabi season with two sprays each of neem (Agroneem®@ 2 ml/l), imidacloprid (Confidor®@ 0.5 ml/l) and their combination. Plant growth and yield was significantly higher in silver mulch and straw mulch compared to the control. The yield of okra was maximum in silver colored polythene mulch along with the application of insecticide imidacloprid. The yield were 23.89, 16.08 and 15.80 t/ha respectively during the years, 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18. The yield observed in straw mulch was slightly lower than silver colored polythene mulch, but higher than control. The straw mulch was found at par with silver colored polythene mulch in reducing population of sap sucking insect, pests, aphids, thrips, leafhoppers and whiteflies. Among the treatments, spray of imidacloprid (@ 0.5 ml/l) was found best for reducing pest population. The results indicated the utility of rice straw mulching as an organic option for the okra cultivation, which is otherwise burnt every year creating huge environmental problem in India
Effect of sowing dates and nutrient sources on nutrient uptake of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)
Authors: KUMAR SUNIL , MEENA RAM SWAROOP , JATAV SURENDRA SINGH
Published: October 2022

In India, people facing malnutrition due to soil and environmental problems. Keeping in mind these problems, a field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2015 and 2016 at Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi. The aim of study was to use the combination of pressmud (PM) as organic source of nutrient and recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) with different sowing dates on Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson). The experiment laid out in the split-plot design with 24 treatments combinations, viz. three sowing dates in main plot treatmentâ€“(November 17, November 27, December 7), and eight nutrient sources in sub-plots, viz. Control, 100% RDF, 100% RDF + Azotobacter, 100% RDF + Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB), 100% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB, 75% RDF + 25% N through PM+ Azotobacter, 75% RDF + 25% N through PM + PSB, 75% RDF + 25% N through PM + Azotobacter + PSB. The results found that the crop sowing on November 17, total nitrogen uptake was recorded 103.31 kg ha-1. Likewise, total phosphorus, potassium and sulphur uptake was recorded 33.73, 87.38 and 16.83 kg ha-1, respectively on the basis of pooled analysis as compared to other crop sowing on November 27 and December 7. Among the nutrient sources application of 75% RDF + 25% N through PM +Azotobacter + PSB maximum total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur uptake was recorded on the basis of pooled analysis as compared with other nutrient sources.
The diversity in holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) germplasm from India
Authors: MALAV PAVAN KUMAR , PANDEY ANJULA , GUPTA VEENA , KUMAR ASHOK , BHATT K C , RAINA ARCHANA , AKHTAR JAMEEL , GAIKWAD AMBIKA , AHLAWAT OMBIR SINGH , DHAKA RAJKUMAR
Published: October 2022

A total of one hundred and nine accessions of cultivated holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) germplasm, representing different phyto-geographical regions of India were investigated for morphological characterization. Data were recorded on 32 descriptor traits (both qualitative and quantitative) using the minimal descriptors developed by the ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, with minor modifications. Analysis of the data was carried out using Ward’s Minimum Variance method and categorized into seven major clusters. PCA analysis revealed that the first six principal components (Eigen value greater than 1), are contributing 72.33% of the total variance which were mostly influenced by mature leaf length, leaf width, leaf petiole length, plant height, seed length, seed width, days to flower initiation, essential oil percentage, seed length/width ratio, leaf length/width ratio, number of primary branches and fresh herbage yield. All the accessions showed high degree of variation, indicating rich morphological diversity within the population.
Designing of MRPABCC5 specific CRISPR/Cas9 construct and its transient analysis using AGRODATE technique in soybean leaf discs
Authors: SAHU SMRUTIREKHA , SACHDEV ARCHANA , JOLLY MONICA , KRISHNAN VEDA , MARATHE ASHISH , JOSE JOSHNA , PRAVEEN SHELLY
Published: October 2022

CRISPR/Cas9 has emerged as a tool of choice to precisely edit the genes pivotal for crop improvement programmes and gene function analysis. However, one of the puzzling aspects for utilization of this technique is the stability and efficiency of the construct. In the present study, we have designed the constructs dictated by certain parameters using web tools such as CRISPRscan, RNAfold webserver and OligoAnalyzer. The construct was transiently expressed in the soybean leaf discs using a vacuum based AGRODATE method (Agrobacterium mediated Transient Expression Assay) to edit the phytate transporter gene, i.e. GmABCC5. We observed an insertion of a nucleotide producing a SNP change in an analysed leaf disc sample depicting the efficacy of the construct.
Mixture distribution approach for identifying differentially expressed genes in microarray data of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: ANJUM ARFA , JAGGI SEEMA , VARGHESE ELDHO , LALL SHWETANK , RAI ANIL , BHOWMIK ARPAN , MISHRA DWIJESH CHANDRA , SARIKA SARIKA
Published: October 2022

The basic aim of analyzing gene expression data is to identify genes whose expression patterns differ in the treatment samples, with respect to the control or healthy samples. Microarray technology is a tool for analyzing simultaneous relative expression of thousands of genes within a particular cell population or tissue in a single experiment through the hybridization of RNA. Present paper deals with mixture distribution approach to investigate differentially expressed genes for sequence data of Arabidopsis thaliana under two conditions, salt-stressed and control. Two-component mixture normal model was fitted to the normalized data and the parameters were estimated using EM algorithm. Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT) was performed for testing goodness-of-fit. Fitting of two-component mixture normal model was found to be capable of capturing more variability as compared to single component normal distribution and was able to identify the differentially expressed genes more accurately.
Identification of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotype for organic cultivation and better shelf life under North Indian plain condition
Authors: YADAV RENU , VERMA S B , RAMAWAT NALEENI , YADAV R K , ASKI M , KUMAR RAJENDRA
Published: October 2022

A field experiment was laid out in RBD having three replications to investigate the morphological performance, yield and shelf life of five different tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) varieties under organic and inorganic ambient. The different tomato varieties behaved significantly different from each other for various growth parameters. The organic ambient grown tomato var. Angoorlata gave the highest plant height, number of branches, leaves and flowers; the variety Pusa Sheetal recorded highest fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit shelf life and fruit yield. The var. Pusa Sheetal also grown inorganic ambient gave highest performance for number of fruits, fruit diameter, fruit weight, shelf life at room temperature and yield production. The potential of the variety Pusa Sheetal for accumulation of higher concentration of soluble solids such as sugars, Vitamin C, polyphenols and best performance for yield contributing attributes as well as highest shelf life at refrigerated condition in organic ambience reflects that it is an eco-health friendly genotype for organic tomato and longer shelf life. This novel finding reported for the first time for the variety Pusa Sheetal opens a new avenue for its larger scientific and practical utility for breeding of new genotypes suitable for organic farming with enhanced shelf life to meet out the increasing fondness and requirement of future consumers.
Bioremediation of sewage wastewater through microalgae (Chlorella minutissima)
Authors: SHARMA GULSHAN KUMAR , KHAN SHAKEEL A , SHRIVASTAVA MANOJ , GUPTA N , KUMAR SANDEEP , MALAV LAL CHAND , NOGIYA MAHAVEER , DUBEY S K
Published: October 2022

Phycoremediation is a cost effective, environmentally sustainable, safe and alternative technology for remediation of wastewater. The present work was aimed to evaluate the role of inoculated microalgae (Chlorella minutissima) in phycoremediation of sewage wastewater. The selected microalgae removed 94.4% TDS, 88.9% of NO3 -N, 66.3% potassium, 67.4% phosphorus, 48.2% NH4 +, 93% (Biological Oxygen Demand) BOD5 and 80.5% (Chemical Oxygen Demand) COD. The wastewater obtained after phycoremediation have safe limit of nutrients to be used as irrigation water in agricultural fields. The results of this study suggested that growing algae in nutrient-rich sewage wastewater offers a new opportunity to bio-remediate pollution load of wastewater and use it for irrigation purposes.
Disease management in horticulture crops through microbial interventions: An overview
Authors: BORA POPY , BORA L C
Published: October 2022

Horticultural crops-based nutritional security is now a buzz word to Indian agriculture. Significant level of progress has been made towards the management of some pandemic pathogens affecting the production economics of horticultural crops. Some of these pathogens are : Fusarium oxysporum, Ralstonia solanacearum, Pythium spp., Phytophthora spp, Xanthomonas spp., Colletotrichum spp., Pencillium spp , Alternaria spp etc. Many soil-borne diseases as well as post harvest fungi are effectively addressed through a variety of bioagents belonging to predominant microbial genera represented by Trichoderma spp., Bacillus spp., Gliocadium spp. and fluorescent Pseudomonads. Our thumping success with different microbial bioformulations showed an effective control of both pests and diseases in major crops of northeast India comprising tea, banana, turmeric, ginger, in addition to bacterial wilt of Bhoot jolokia, tomato, hydroponic lettuce and Rhizoctonia- induced root rot management of chilli and patchouli. These area wide and crop wide results put forth a renewed claim in favour of developing a vibrant organic horticulture in years to come. All these issues are analysed highlighting the future use of rhizospheric and endophytic plant beneficial microbes as dominant communities.