bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Une vision de l'aménagement des montagnes au XIXe siècle : les photographies de la RTM
Authors: Métailié Jean-Paul
Published: January 2016

Photography, a witness of mountains' development during the 19th century. Photographies were used since 1887 to illustrate the damages caused by erosion and how to match them. Their collections were enriched during half a century and can be used as a witness of the slope restoration programmes progress and as an illustration of attitudes and forest engineers' ideology vis à vis the natural hazards. Examples were choosed in the Larboust valley, near Luchon, Central Pyrénées.
Risques et aménagements à Barèges
Authors: Lanusse Marianne
Published: January 2016

La station thermale de Barèges est localisée dans un des sites les plus exposés des Pyrénées : crues torrentielles du Bastan, avalanches, érosion des versants. Dès 1860 des travaux ont été entrepris par l'administration forestière qui ont abouti à la constitution, après 1882, de deux séries de périmètres RTM. Les phénomènes d'érosion sont aujourd'hui éteints, mais le risque avalancheux persiste, nécessitant des travaux considérables. Actuellement l'extension de la station de ski a rendu dangereux de nouveaux secteurs, obligeant à de nouveaux paravalanches.
Séismes dans les Pyrénées. Contribution à l'histoire des phénomènes naturels (XVe-XVIe siècles)
Authors: Desplat Christian
Published: January 2016

Une recension, sans doute incomplète, des séismes survenus dans les Pyrénées du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle est replacée dans le contexte des observations et interprétations préscientifiques.
DEVELOPMENT AND TEST RUN OF CIVIL ENGINEERING SCHEDULE ACCELERATION MODEL THROUGH ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION
Authors: WANG Chen , ABDUL-RAHMAN Hamzah , CHOW Pui See
Published: January 2016

The traditional scheduling tool Critical Path Method (CPM) exhibits limitations in computational insufficiency due to exhaustive enumeration. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) was therefore applied as a metaheuristic inspired by the ants behavior in foraging activities. A model development team was formed among construction engineers, IT professionals, and Mathematicians to develop a schedule acceleration model by integrating ACO into CPM to ensure proper resources allocated on critical path. The developed model CSAM-ACO targets on schedule acceleration by allocating resources on the newly found critical path after two stages of computation. The trial run proved CSAM-ACO model more favorable compared with CPM.
ULTRA-HIGH ENERGY NEUTRINOS FROM GAMMA-RAY BURST AFTERGLOWS USING THE SWIFT-UVOT DATA
Authors: Nir Guy , Guetta Dafne , Landsman Hagar , Behar Ehud
Published: January 2016

We consider a sample of 107 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) for which early ultra-violet emission was measured by Swift and extrapolate the photon intensity to lower energies. Protons accelerated in the GRB jet may interact with such photons to produce charged pions and subsequently ultra high energy neutrinos

eV. We use simple energy conversion efficiency arguments to predict the maximal neutrino flux expected from each GRB. We estimate the neutrino detection rate at large area radio based neutrino detectors and conclude that the early afterglow neutrino emission is too weak to be detected even by next generation neutrino observatories.
ON THE PROGENITORS OF LOCAL GROUP NOVAE. II. THE RED GIANT NOVA RATE OF M31
Authors: Williams S. C. , Darnley M. J. , Bode M. F. , Shafter A. W.
Published: January 2016

In our preceding paper, Liverpool Telescope data of M31 novae in eruption were used to facilitate a search for their progenitor systems within archival Hubble Space Telescope data, with the aim of detecting systems with red giant secondaries (RG-novae) or luminous accretion disks. From an input catalog of 38 spectroscopically confirmed novae with archival quiescent observations, likely progenitors were recovered for 11 systems. Here we present the results of the subsequent statistical analysis of the original survey, including possible biases associated with the survey and the M31 nova population in general. As part of this analysis, we examine the distribution of optical decline times (t
2) of M31 novae, how the likely bulge and disk nova distributions compare, and how the M31 t
2 distribution compares to that of the Milky Way. Using a detailed Monte Carlo simulation, we determine that

of all M31 nova eruptions can be attributed to RG-nova systems, and at the 99% confidence level,

of all M31 novae are RG-novae. This is the first estimate of a RG-nova rate of an entire galaxy. Our results also imply that RG-novae in M31 are more likely to be associated with the M31 disk population than the bulge; indeed, the results are consistent with all RG-novae residing in the disk. If this result is confirmed in other galaxies, it suggests that any Type Ia supernovae that originate from RG-nova systems are more likely to be associated with younger populations and may be rare in old stellar populations, such as early-type galaxies.
CONCURRENT FORMATION OF CARBON AND SILICATE DUST IN NOVA V1280 SCO
Authors: Sakon Itsuki , Sako Shigeyuki , Onaka Takashi , Nozawa Takaya , Kimura Yuki , Fujiyoshi Takuya , Shimonishi Takashi , Usui Fumihiko , Takahashi Hidenori , Ohsawa Ryou , Arai Akira , Uemura Makoto , Nagayama Takahiro , Koo Bon-Chul , Kozasa Takashi
Published: January 2016

We present infrared multi-epoch observations of the dust-forming nova V1280 Sco over ∼2000 days from the outburst. The temporal evolution of the infrared spectral energy distributions at 1272, 1616, and 1947 days can be explained by the emissions produced by amorphous carbon dust of mass (6.6–8.7) × 10−8
M
⊙ with a representative grain size of 0.01 μm and astronomical silicate dust of mass (3.4–4.3) × 10−7
M
⊙ with a representative grain size of 0.3–0.5 μm. Both of these dust species travel farther away from the white dwarf without apparent mass evolution throughout those later epochs. The dust formation scenario around V1280 Sco suggested from our analyses is that the amorphous carbon dust is formed in the nova ejecta followed by the formation of silicate dust either in the expanding nova ejecta or as a result of the interaction between the nova wind and the circumstellar medium.
MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF GRB 111228A AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FIREBALL AND ITS ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Xin Li-Ping , Wang Yuan-Zhu , Lin Ting-Ting , Liang En-Wei , Lü Hou-Jun , Zhong Shu-Qing , Urata Yuji , Zhao Xiao-Hong , Wu Chao , Wei Jian-Yan , Huang Kui-Yun , Qiu Yu-Lei , Deng Jin-Song
Published: January 2016

Observations of very early multi-wavelength afterglows are critical to reveal the properties of the radiating fireball and its environment as well as the central engine of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We report our optical observations of GRB 111228A from 95 s to about 50 hr after the burst trigger and investigate its properties of the prompt gamma-rays and the ambient medium using our data and the data from the Swift and Fermi missions. Our joint optical and X-ray spectral fits to the afterglow data show that the ambient medium features a low dust-to-gas ratio. Incorporating the energy injection effect, our best fit to the afterglow light curves with the standard afterglow model via the Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique shows that

,

,

cm−3. The low medium density likely implies that the afterglow jet may be in a halo or in a hot ISM. A chromatic shallow decay segment observed in the optical and X-ray bands is well explained with the long-lasting energy injection from the central engine, which would be a magnetar with a period of about 1.92 ms inferred from the data. The E

p
of its time-integrated prompt gamma-ray spectrum is ∼26 KeV. Using the initial Lorentz factor (

) derived from our afterglow model fit, it is found that GRB 111228A satisfies the

relation and bridges the typical GRBs and low luminosity GRBs in this relation.
ON THE ROBUSTNESS OF THE PENDULUM MODEL FOR LARGE-AMPLITUDE LONGITUDINAL OSCILLATIONS IN PROMINENCES
Authors: Luna M. , Terradas J. , Khomenko E. , Collados M. , Vicente A. de
Published: January 2016

Large-amplitude longitudinal oscillations (LALOs) in prominences are spectacular manifestations of  solar activity. In such events nearby energetic disturbances induce periodic motions on filaments with displacements comparable to the size of the filaments themselves and with velocities larger than 20

. The pendulum model, in which the gravity projected along a rigid magnetic field is the restoring force, was proposed to explain these events. However, it can be objected that in a realistic situation where the magnetic field reacts to the mass motion of the heavy prominence, the simplified pendulum model could be no longer valid. We have performed nonlinear time-dependent numerical simulations of LALOs considering a dipped magnetic field line structure. In this work we demonstrate that for even relatively weak magnetic fields the pendulum model works very well. We therefore validate the pendulum model and show its robustness, with important implications for prominence seismology purposes. With this model it is possible to infer the geometry of the dipped field lines that support the prominence.
DISCOVERY OF A DAMPED Lyα ABSORBER AT z = 3.3 ALONG A GALAXY SIGHT-LINE IN THE SSA22 FIELD
Authors: Mawatari K. , Inoue A. K. , Kousai K. , Hayashino T. , Cooke R. , Prochaska J. X. , Yamada T. , Matsuda Y.
Published: January 2016

Using galaxies as background light sources to map the Lyα absorption lines is a novel approach to study Damped Lyα Absorbers (DLAs). We report the discovery of an intervening z = 3.335 ± 0.007 DLA along a galaxy sight-line identified among 80 Lyman Break Galaxy (LBG) spectra obtained with our Very Large Telescope/Visible Multi-Object Spectrograph survey in the SSA22 field. The measured DLA neutral hydrogen (H i) column density is log(N
H i
/cm−2) = 21.68 ± 0.17. The DLA covering fraction over the extended background LBG is >70% (2σ), yielding a conservative constraint on the DLA area of ≳1 kpc2. Our search for a counterpart galaxy hosting this DLA concludes that there is no counterpart galaxy with star formation rate larger than a few M
⊙ yr−1, ruling out an unobscured violent star formation in the DLA gas cloud. We also rule out the possibility that the host galaxy of the DLA is a passive galaxy with M
* ≳ 5 × 1010
M
⊙ or a heavily dust-obscured galaxy with E(B − V) ≳ 2. The DLA may coincide with a large-scale overdensity of the spectroscopic LBGs. The occurrence rate of the DLA is compatible with that of DLAs found in QSO sight-lines.
THE IN SITU FORMATION OF GIANT PLANETS AT SHORT ORBITAL PERIODS
Authors: Boley A. C. , Contreras A. P. Granados , Gladman B.
Published: January 2016

We propose that two of the most surprising results so far among exoplanet discoveries are related: the existences of both hot Jupiters and the high frequency of multi-planet systems with periods P ≲ 200 days. In this paradigm, the vast majority of stars rapidly form along with multiple close-in planets in the mass range of Mars to super-Earths/mini-Neptunes. Such systems of tightly packed inner planets are metastable, with the time scale of the dynamical instability having a major influence on final planet types. In most cases, the planets consolidate into a system of fewer, more massive planets, but long after the circumstellar gas disk has dissipated. This can yield planets with masses above the traditional critical core of ∼10 M
⊕, yielding short-period giants that lack abundant gas. A rich variety of physical states are also possible given the range of collisional outcomes and formation time of the close-in planets. However, when dynamical consolidation occurs before gas dispersal, a critical core can form that then grows via gas capture into a short-period gas giant. In this picture the majority of Hot and Warm Jupiters formed locally, rather than migrating down from larger distances.
REVISITING THE SCATTERING GREENHOUSE EFFECT OF CO2 ICE CLOUDS
Authors: Kitzmann D.
Published: January 2016

Carbon dioxide ice clouds are thought to play an important role for cold terrestrial planets with thick CO2 dominated atmospheres. Various previous studies showed that a scattering greenhouse effect by carbon dioxide ice clouds could result in a massive warming of the planetary surface. However, all of these studies only employed simplified two-stream radiative transfer schemes to describe the anisotropic scattering. Using accurate radiative transfer models with a general discrete ordinate method, this study revisits this important effect and shows that the positive climatic impact of carbon dioxide clouds was strongly overestimated in the past. The revised scattering greenhouse effect can have important implications for the early Mars, but also for planets like the early Earth or the position of the outer boundary of the habitable zone.
B-School Selection by Fuzzy TOPSIS and AHP
Authors: Agrawal Vivek , Tripathi Vikas , Seth Nitin
Published: January 2016

Rapid liberalization of education sector in India has resulted in increased competition. As a result, we have witnessed rapid rise in number of management institutes. The student's evaluation about an institute/college is based on multiple criteria. Realizing the need a focused review on the literature was made to understand the subject. The review highlighted that conventional methods for B-school evaluation are inadequate for dealing with the imprecise, uncertain or vague nature of linguistic assessment. To overcome this difficulty, due to MCDM problem, Fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methods are proposed. The aim of this study is to use fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and Analytical Hierarchal process (AHP) methods for the selection of better B-school. The proposed methods have been applied to a B-School selection problem of the students of NCR and results are presented. This chapter contributes to previous researches by adding a new avenue, where the MCDM technique can be useful. The selection of an institution for getting a professional degree is a very tough task for the students and as well as for their guardians. This method can help them to find a better solution by providing a quantitative framework.
Innovative Solutions for Implementing Global Supply Chains in Emerging Markets
Authors: Amonkar Raj V.
Published: January 2016

In a supply chain network, facilities are the primary components where a product is manufactured or stored. During the phase of design of a supply chain network, a company decides how to configure the supply chain over the next several years. Key driver of supply chain performance in terms of responsiveness and efficiency will be taken into consideration in the decision process and the decisions include the role assigned to each facility, its capacity to perform the assigned role, the number and location of the facilities. Since supply chain design decisions pertaining to facilities are typically made for the long term and are very expensive to alter on short notice, the decisions must take into account uncertainty in anticipated market conditions over the next few years. Decisions regarding facilities are therefore a crucial part of supply chain design. This chapter explains the practical application of theories, concepts and frameworks in the area of Supply Chain Design, Risk Mitigation and Social Networks. The practical application is based on a case study of ABC, one of the world's leading agribusiness companies with global operations that made a successful foray in emerging markets facilitated by sound decisions pertaining to the design of its global supply chain network. Certain names and other identifying information were disguised to protect confidentiality.
System Dynamics Simulation of a Supply Chain Intelligence Model
Authors: Dey Debasri , Sinha D.
Published: January 2016

Supply chains today are, primarily, measured by Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) such as order-fulfillment, availability to the consumer (percent in-stock) and cost reduction, as well as financial KPIs such as return on investment (ROI), return on brand equity and inventory. These KPIs measure the performance of supply chain as a whole. A supply chain is a network of nodes. The performances of individual nodes are measured with KPIs such as production rate, shipment rate, inventory and the like. These metrics may indicate the performance but may not indicate the cause of such performance. For example, a node whose production rate is below the desired level may be because of poor supply of inputs of production by its supplier node.Thus mere identification of KPIs and their evaluation will not enable to identify the root cause of a problem in a supply chain. Therefore, we need a business intelligence framework that will satisfy the objectives, namely, identification of outcome of each node of the supply chain and its cause. The existing Supply Chain Intelligence (SCI) frameworks aims at identifying metrics that reflect the performance of individual nodes and the total supply chain, but fail to identify the cause of such outcomes. It implies that the linkages or association between the KPIs of individual nodes are required to be identified and defined. In this paper, contingency and systems approach has been used to identify the dimensions of the firm, its internal environment, the complement and the external environment. A system dynamics based approach has been used to identify the causality and resulting behavior of the supply chain. The paper proposes a SCI framework and a System dynamics Model that help in identifying the reasons for supply chin performance and lead to the actions required to be taken for improvement in performance of the supply chain.
Organizational Performance through Dairy Supply Chain Management Practices
Authors: Kumar Rajeev
Published: January 2016

Organizational implementing supply chain management (SCM) has obtained improved performance. Cost savings, increased revenues and the reduction of defects in products are some of the main advantages of introducing dairy supply chain management. These are also mentioned as long-term goals of the supply chain. Business profitability is closely associated with market and business shares. Based on the long-term goals of the SCM, the organizational performance measures are identified as financial and market performance and customer satisfaction. In the context of SCM, the financial and market performance factor is operational zed in terms of market share, return of total assets, annuals sales growth (Tan et al, 1999).The research paper attempts to find out the relationship between the dairy supply chain management (DSCM) practices and organizational performance. Various practices of DSCM through extensive literature review is taken into account i.e. Information and Communication Technology Practices, Supplier Relationship Practices, Supply Chain Manufacturing Practices, Inventory management system, Warehousing Management System, Transportation Management System, Customer Relationship Management for establishing the relationship with organizational performance. The aim of this study is to recommend these findings to companies which are still at the infancy stage when it comes to dairy supply chain management and integration with customers and suppliers.
A New Approach to Supply Chain Performance Measurement
Authors: Marwah Amit Kumar , Thakar Girish , Gupta R. C.
Published: January 2016

Existing research work has established that many of today's manufacturing organizations have failed to develop a comprehensive supply chain performance measures. In this chapter, the authors intend to empirically assess the effects of supplier buyer relations and human metrics on supply chain performance in the context of Indian manufacturing organizations. After rigorous literature review, total 18 variables have been identified which are later on reduced in number by factor analysis. As a pilot study, primary data is collected from 100 manufacturing organizations by means of a questionnaire and a scale is developed. On a sample size of 100, the proposed hypotheses are tested by applying two-tailed tests. t-test and factor analysis resulted in 5 factors, 2 related to supplier-buyer relations and 3 related to human metrics. The overall reliability of the scale comes out to be 0.697. The research work provides a new approach to the manufacturing organizations to understand the factors affecting supply chain performance. The present study is limited to Indian manufacturing organizations.
Logistics for Global Automobile Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Potti Ravi , Saurav Swapnil
Published: January 2016

The automotive industry is truly a global industry. Manufacturing plant of the company is set up in one corner of the earth, sourcing the automobile parts from many companies located all over the globes, and selling the final product in another country. This leads to complex supply chain. Production strategies like just-in-time (JIT) and just-in-sequence (JIS) creates testing times but presents opportunities for the logistics management. But currently, the industry is going through a rough phase. Manufacturing costs are increasing, rise in fuel prices is having its own affect on the industry, competitive landscape is changing, and globalization presents new political and economic challenges. Currently, the company needs to manage its supply chains efficiently, reduce cost and improve the accuracy of processes delivery. Today, the automobile industry is facing significant other challenges due to complex logistics. Logistics is about co-coordinating various activities like materials handling, storage, inventory management, freight transport and the related information flow and processing in a way that meets customer requirements at minimum cost. This paper will talk about the current challenges, opportunities, growth drivers and future strategies of the companies' logistics management. It will also cover how companies are adapting to the changing economic environment. The study is based on the qualitative analysis of secondary data. The challenges and opportunities for the companies exist from the current operations management and risks of globalization. Authors have looked at the challenges and opportunities in detail in this chapter. Improving the organization's performance and securing competitive advantage over others greatly depends on the supply chain management as it is seen that the competition is no longer between the organizations, rather they are amongst supply chains. From the research, it has been found that companies believe that for sustainable transportation and logistics, green supply chain is a must for long term sustainability of the company. Companies finds export compliance to the emerging markets as another major challenge. Transport and warehouse systems are, more or less, stabilized and companies are looking to get most out of them. Though there is connectivity between automobile companies and its suppliers but information is not available real time and hence it's difficult to collaborate. Visibility into logistics has come out as the biggest need for the companies.
Cold Chain Logistics in India
Authors: Saurav Swapnil , Potti Ravi
Published: January 2016

Cold Chain refers to the transportation of temperature sensitive products like perishable goods from the point of origin to point of consumption in the food supply chain, which keeps it fresh and edible for a much longer period than in normal conditions. Cold Chain helps in transporting seasonal products and also making it available throughout the year. Two main parts of cold chain are transportation and storage systems. The key Indian industries where cold chain logistics play very important role are fruits and vegetables, milk and milk products (ice cream), Poultry and processed meat, marine products, pharmaceutical (mainly vaccines) and chemicals. An efficient cold chain industry ensures availability of food products as well as prevents spoilage of medicines. Country like India, where infrastructure is one of the major challenges, cold chain plays a critical role. Analysis for this study shows that cold supply chain network does not differ significantly from products to products at least in Indian scenario. Some of the challenges to the growth of sector in India are high energy cost, power deficit, rising real estate cost, lack of logistical support and uneven distribution of capacity. All these challenges bring down the operating margin of a company and makes it not so attractive business sector. But during last couple of years there is a positive environment being created for this sector in India. The growth in organized retail, growing interest in horticultural crops, demand for cold chain logistics from Pharmaceutical industry and various initiatives by government are some of the reasons why there is a renewed interest in this sector especially by private sector players. This study, which is focused on Indian cold chain logistics, analyzes the industry on PEST (Political, Economy, Social and Technology) model and presents top 3 factors on each of these 4 parameters.
Virtual Psyche in Play and Tending the Collective Unconscious
Authors: Savett Susan Marie
Published: January 2016

Knowingly or unknowingly, games manifest archetypal forces from the unconscious. Through play and fantasy, unconscious content of the psyche is able to express its deep longings. Hypnogogic landscapes of videogames provide immersive realms in which players enact psychological dramas. Game designers reside on a unique axis from which their work with the imaginary realm can create profound psychic containers. At this pivotal point in our culture, digital games hold tremendous influence over the creation of new myths, lore, and possibilities. This chapter investigates archetypal psychology concepts of Carl Jung and James Hillman for insight into 21st century realm of virtual play and its relationship to the collective unconscious. It focuses on how games provide a means for bringing individual and cultural unconscious impulses into consciousness through personification, pathologizing and meaning making within virtual play. It aims to introduce an alternative lens to bridge psychological dynamics with the video game design.
The Media-Sphere as Dream
Authors: Schafer Stephen Brock
Published: January 2016

The psychological nature of the electronic media environment is a virtual reality that—according to Jungian principles—is dreamlike. Perhaps it can be analyzed with Jung's Analytical Psychology. Science is experiencing a paradigm shift into a reality of mediated illusion, and psychological research on this illusion has become the human imperative. It may be stipulated that physics has abolished matter, conceding that “reality is organized mind stuff.” If cosmos is structured holographically and the brain is structured holonomically, it is probable that “mind stuff” is structured holographically. The Jungian concept of Psyche is a good place to begin researching the Media-sphere as mind stuff. Cognitive sciences are probing the brain and nervous system in search of the template for cognitive organization, and the salient features have already emerged. It appears that both conscious and unconsciousness cognitive dimensions have dramatic form. This dreamlike structure can be employed to analyze the media dream, and to foster coherent psychological states in contextual collectives.
Optimization of Re-Mixing Recyclated Concrete Aggregates
Authors: Venkrbec Václav
Published: January 2016

Under the concept of sustainable construction it is necessary to establish harmonized indicators, standards and methods for assessing the impact of building products and technological processes of the construction industry on the environment. One of the basic commodity that have a significant impact on the environment is construction waste and his recycling options. Concrete aggregate (RCA), which can be made from concrete elements, has a great potential in reducing the volume of landfills and full re-using of concrete rubble. It can also fulfill sustainability criteria for construction by the re-use of this stony concrete components. The study takes into account local characteristics RCA, but the aim is to globalize outcomes and evaluate them, especially for parameterization used in the design phase of building information modeling.
Modern Stucco Elements
Authors: Holešovská Anna
Published: January 2016

The article is focused on stucco elements. Contemporary process of shaping stucco elements has not been considerably changed from traditional methods nevertheless, due to new materials and new technologies, we can achieve new shapes and new possibilities of applications. The most important material for stucco forms today is silicon. The crucial quality of silicon is its hardness. The silicon forms made from silicon with lower hardness are suitable for stucco elements with more complicated details than what was possible in past. The article presents selected samples of work and solutions of contemporary stucco elements, and discusses the ways how they are currently made.
Understructure of Passive Houses in Terms of Materials
Authors: Kubenková Kateřina , Jašek Marek
Published: January 2016

The overall energy performance of the building is done by selecting the structural design of the building envelope [1], [2]. At present, the builder decides for the final selection of the design (material) solution of a passive house based on mechanical properties of materials, thermal technical properties of materials and cost of materials. Currently is increasing builders who are interested in point of environmental protection in relation to the choice of materials for passive houses. The paper deals with concrete solution of substructure detail and its evaluation in terms of both thermal technical and financial point of view and also in terms of materials and their relationship to the environment.
Case Study on Determination of Tensile Properties of Construction Sealants at Variable Temperatures
Authors: Nečasová Barbora , Liška Pavel , Šlanhof Jiří , Šimáčková Martina
Published: January 2016

The authors of presented research case focused on possibilities of sealing porous as well as non – porous materials and analysed the measured results. It is the second article of the above mentioned authors dealing with sealed joints, however, in this case study the focus was placed on a group of industrially manufactured modified silyl polymer and polyurethane sealants. The research is based on the modified test procedure for the determination of adhesion and cohesion properties during maintained extension at variable temperatures, i.e. a high temperature of (70 + 2) °C and a temperature simulating freezing, i.e. (-20 + 2) °C, according to the European standard EN ISO 9047. The degree of specimen extension was set to amplitude of 20.0 % and the aim of the research case was to discover any differences that might appear in the resistance. The measured results demonstrate that there are significant differences between individual sealants in the results they provide in combination with specific material, e.g. wood appears to be a problematic substrate as well as glass cement or aluminium.
The Operational and Environmental Consequences of the Polystyrene Insulation Disposal
Authors: Pasek Jan , Casensky Martin , Stransky Jakub
Published: January 2016

In connection with the significant volume of polystyrene embedded in buildings as thermal insulation, in the next few years it will be needed to solve the matter of its disposal after the end of its life cycle. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) has been used as a flame retardant in polystyrene thermal insulation (EPS and XPS) for the last 50 years. The internationally recognized Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants prohibits future production, use and recycling of materials that contain HBCDD. It also, to a large extent, limits the options of waste management of such materials. European legislation, in particular Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 and the so called REACH Directive, established a binding legal framework for EU Member States which reduces waste management options of material containing HCDBB practically only to incineration. In the coming years, this fact requests fundamental changes in disposal of construction and demolition waste containing the polystyrene insulation and related processes on construction sites in the Czech Republic. The research is based on the analysis of the international and the Czech legislation related to this issue, and the analysis of material and technological context. The paper focuses on possible operational, economic, energy and environmental impact on the construction industry and environment, and compares the current situation in the Czech Republic with other European countries, and assesses the readiness of the Czech Republic to deal with the upcoming legislation changes.
Architecture Indoor Environment as a Healing Factor of Depression and Seasonal Affective Disorder
Authors: Szántová Gabriela , Rychtárikova Monika
Published: January 2016

The number of patients in psychiatric facilities in Slovakia is increasing. Internal environment and appropriate architectural design of the building interior largely affects the health status and course of treatment of patients with psychiatric diagnoses such as depression and seasonal affective disorder. Specialized residential care facilities in Slovakia are often in poor technical conditions and internal environment often does not support therapeutic process, while in some cases it might work even contradictory. Consequence of the absence of standards or/and design guidelines for psychiatric hospitals is visible renovation of existing buildings, as well as in the construction of new facilities. In the process of preparation of architectural guidelines it is essential to summarize the findings of the doctors and other related professionals working in mentioned environments and based on their incentives to specify requirements the architectural or technical design of the space for the psychiatric patients. This article summarizes results based on interviews in five psychiatric clinics in Slovakia and Czech Republic.
Acoustic Analysis of Double Transparent Facades in Bratislava
Authors: Urbán Daniel , Tomašovič Peter
Published: January 2016

Implementation of double transparent facades (DTF) into architectural concept of modern intelligent buildings is a well established trend of modern administrative building design. The Positive influence on acoustic comfort of a working place caused by this type of envelope construction is evident. DTF allow building designing in high noise exposure urban areas. Comparison of eight DTF from structural and acoustic properties point of view is presented in this paper. Results from acoustic measurements of buildings situated in Bratislava were analyzed.
The Effect of Thermal Bridges on Energy Balance of Wood Frame Houses
Authors: Varga Tibor , Ingeli Rastislav
Published: January 2016

In compliance with the today’s trend of designing sustainable and energy-saving architecture, it is necessary to firstly solve the factors influencing the energy balance. In this respect, the thermal bridges in buildings constitute a crucial factor. In case of their occurrence, the use of construction and insulation building materials is significant for finding the solution. The aim of this paper is to analyse the thermal bridges in buildings constructed on the basis of light constructions. The subject of analysis was an implemented wood frame house with common sandwich construction, designed in a low-energy standard. The house analysis is divided in theoretical and experimental part. The house in question has been directly exposed to dynamic boundary conditions. In order to analyse the thermal bridges, critical details have been selected methodically, verified by thermography. The experimental and theoretical results were compared by the simulation method for calculating critical surface temperatures. Both the measurements and results show how attention shall be paid to this issue at the project stage already. With increasing demands for overall energy balance of buildings, it is necessary to exactly define the critical details and consider the thermal bridges in the project documentation already.
Added Convex Windows for Improving the Energy Balance
Authors: Kerekes Attila , Zold Andras
Published: January 2016

Added convex window is an additional glazed construction put on the façade from outside which covers the remaining original window in the plane of the façade. It is suitable for energy conscious retrofit and can be applied on new buildings as well. The added construction provides a buffer effect further improved due to the greenhouse effect. Fresh air supply through buffer space decreases the ventilation heat loss of adjacent room. Preliminary calculations, presented in the article prove that considerable energy saving can be achieved even if the façade is oriented towards North. The energy saving is compared with that of the typical retrofit measures. Besides the energy aspect several positive side effects are worth of mentioning such as fabric protection, protection against street-born noise, aesthetic improvement of old ugly-looking buildings.
Compare of Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of Structure with Application of Reflective Insulation
Authors: Kalánek Jiří , Šteffek Libor , Ostrý Milan
Published: January 2016

Thermal insulation effect of reflective insulation is based on the reflection of thermal radiation. Reflective insulations are mainly used in combination with the non-ventilated air cavity. Proposed paper deals with experimental measurements of the thermal insulation properties of the air cavity surrounded by low-emissivity surfaces and comparison of measured values with calculated values according to the standardized procedures. The beginning for determination of the thermal resistance of air cavity was to conduct several experimental measurements by Hot Box method using heat flow meter. The results show good agreement between measured and calculated data.
Annual Analysis of Boundary Conditions on Air Flow through Building Envelope
Authors: Horáčková Michaela
Published: January 2016

Leakage in the building envelope may occur airflow as well as its surface. It brings series of adverse consequences, including the flow of diffuse. The airflow building envelope is allowed through a pressure gradient, which is caused by the difference in temperature and wind effects; if necessary a mechanical ventilation system. Article introduces the analysis which was performed on experimental objects of different wind exposition in situ. In this analysis was measured pressure, relative humidity and air temperature in the interior and exterior, for a period of one year. In the conclusion is evaluated the effect of these boundary conditions on the very existence of the airflow through building envelope.
The Effect of the Vegetative Roof Construction and the Influence of the Effect of the Designed Air Gap on the Thermal Stability in the Testing Building
Authors: Necadova Klara , Selnik Petr , Majsniar Michal , Bedliva Hana
Published: January 2016

The article deals with building physical behavior of the pitched vegetative turf roof with inclination of 25°, the vegetative layer is composed of the turf carpets. This paper is focused on possible constructional solutions of the pitched vegetative roof and on the thermal stability and increasing temperature during the summer period in the testing building. The important part of this survey concerns of designing and the efficient influence of the ventilated or unventilated air gap on the inner environment and stability of the roof construction.
Optimalization of the Heat Pump Design in the Phase of the Evaporator Selection
Authors: Vlček Petr , Formánek Marian , Tomáš Přemysl , Jobánek Stanislav
Published: January 2016

Paper deals with the test procedure for evaluating performance parameters of the heat pump air water system. The objective of measurements was tuning errors and optimizes the work of the whole system. The main aim was to find the most acceptable evaporator with which the heat pump COP reached the best results. Choosing of the evaporator consisted of comparing the operating and performance characteristics of individual exchangers.
Experimental Investigation of the Tensile Properties of Ventilated Facade Cladding with Bonded Joints
Authors: Liška Pavel , Šlanhof Jiří , Nečasová Barbora , Kovářová Barbora
Published: January 2016

Currently, an increasing emphasis is being placed on the properties of walling systems and efforts are evidently being made to improve the aesthetic look of structures. Vented facade systems with bonded joints are a viable option. Nowadays, the vast majority of such facades utilise mechanical joints. However, facades with bonded joints are more than simply a convenient alternative. The following article, where the potential use of bonded joints in practice is investigated via experimental measurements, deals with this technology in more detail. The presented results are taken from a series of tests which conform to the requirements of relevant technical standards, particularly with regard to the test method. This article deals with the issues connected with testing the most critical element in the whole system – the bonded joint. For this purpose, “Cetris” cement-bonded particleboard was selected for use as cladding material, and a substructure made from aluminium alloy was chosen. Five types of adhesive were selected in order to find the most suitable bonding material. During the testing procedures, the suitability of the selected adhesives for the chosen combination of materials was tested, as was the assumption that the use of the most expensive sealant does not always provide the best results.
Initial State Sorption Measurements
Authors: Lakatos Akos
Published: January 2016

This paper highlights wetting measurements and results carried out on four different generally used construction and some insulating materials, executed in our Building Physics laboratory in University of Debrecen, Faculty of Engineering, Debrecen, Hungary. The measurements focused on the initial state of the water up-takin procedure (240 min wetting) only, waiting for the equilibrium moisture content was not a goal of this paper. Currently, Aereated concrete, small solid brick, Porotherm and ceramsite-concrete structural members are usually applied in building structures. The measurements of water sorption investigations are so significant from the point of view of thermal sizing of the buildings. To put it simply this article can be imagined as a short time wetting sorption database comparing with our previous results, besides this article can be very useful for everyone in building physics and in building engineering. In addition building materials, insulating materials were tested and will be put forward, as well, eg.: expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, poly-urethane, and some fibrous materials. Totally, 11 materials were investigated, after drying in a Venticell 111 type desiccator apparatus at 343 K to changeless weight and then wetting in a Climacell 111 type climatic chamber, where the relative humidity was varied from 25% to 95% at 293K for 240 min. As result, new isotherm curves for this short time wetting will be presented and will be compared to the literature data, MSZ-04-140-2-1991.
Simulation and Measurement of Hygrothermal Behaviour of Newly Developed Plasters
Authors: Hroudova Jitka , Sedlmajer Martin , Novak Vitezslav , Zach Jiri
Published: January 2016

Recently, there has been increased interest in the rehabilitation of existing buildings especially in order to improve their energy performance. Thermal insulation brings not only savings in the cost of heating or cooling but also contributes to the reduction of harmful emissions such as carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide or nitrogen dioxide. However, the thermal insulation of historical buildings or buildings listed as cultural heritage brings some problems due to architectural features. It is therefore necessary to choose an alternative whether it is the use of an internal thermal insulation system or to repair and rehabilitate the existing plaster with materials compatible with the original ones.
The newly developed thermal insulation plasters based on silicate and using lightweight aggregate and natural fibres are optimum materials for the thermal insulation of both existing and newly constructed buildings. The paper describes the results of research focused on the examination of the behaviour of thermal insulation plaster mainly in terms of heat and moisture transport. Using a computational programme, this behaviour was simulated for a chosen detail of a real building in the vicinity of a window jamb.
Dependency Analysis of Selected Thermal Properties of Reinforced Bitumen Sheets for Waterproofing
Authors: Plachý Jan , Vysoká Jana , Šulistová Jindřiška , Vejmelka Radek
Published: January 2016

This paper deals with the investigation of the interdependence between the flow resistance at elevated temperatures for reinforced bitumen sheets and softening points of bitumen matter softening point in these reinforced bitumen sheets. Reinforced bitumen sheets, which are used for waterproofing isolation of concrete bridge decks, were selected as the samples from various manufacturers. In practice, the mentioned dependency is often cited, but not explicitly documented.
Dust Analyses in Ventilation Ducts
Authors: Vyhlídalová Karolína , Vlček Petr , Rubinová Olga , Bernard Jiří
Published: January 2016

The paper describes the importance of monitoring the dust in the atmosphere of human life. It deals with the issue of dust in air ducts, approaching the methods that can be used to detect the amount of dust. For conditions for buildings in the Czech Republic there is created the methodology of quantitative and qualitative evaluation of dust sediment for the needs of HVAC and other building surfaces. The scale for visual evaluation was created and it has been elaborated the assessment of kind of particles contained in dust.
Errors of In Situ Illuminance Measurements
Authors: Hlásková Michaela , Gábrová Lenka , Vajkay František
Published: January 2016

Lighting conditions in buildings are verified by experts on a daily basis. Such verifications may be done at several phases in various ways. In the field of daylighting, it is common to make an assessment within the pre-design and in-design phases of a construction work throughout calculations, only rarely by measurements. This approach is the opposite of artificial lighting design, which is done within the in-design phase by calculations and is verified by measurements in post-realization phase. The verification of artificial lighting design is required by the building and public health authority otherwise buildings cannot be approved to use. In the field of daylighting, measurements could be performed as well, nevertheless those are often problematic because regulations usually require fulfilments of the daylight factor which can be determined only under CIE overcast sky. Howbeit, both artificial lighting and daylighting measurements are influenced by many errors, e.g. errors of light measurement instruments, measurement conditions, measurement methods and human factor. The paper is focused on this aspect of lighting design, more specifically on the daylighting measurement errors.
Architectural Models for Measurement of Daylight Factor
Authors: Bosova Daniela , Prokopova Lenka
Published: January 2016

Daylight factor is one of the physical parameters affecting indoor environmental. We can determine this factor in many ways. The main ways are computational methods, in situ measurements and finally measurements in architectural models. Measurements in models enable us comparison both measurements under real sky and under artificial sky. We can study changes in internal conditions - the colors and variability of the interiors and potential variability of window openings. Using of mini - photometer head in measurements enable us to give precision quality of design daylight in interior and validate computational methods for the real space.