bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peróxido de hidrogênio no controle de patógenos e do escurecimento enzimático de vagem minimamente processada
Authors: De Arruda Palharini Maria Cecília , De Júlio Pereira Santos Claudia Aline , De Souza Fileti Mirian , Ravási Stéfano Simionato Eliane Maria , Cerqueira Sasaki Fabiana Fumi
Published: April 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sanitization with hydrogen peroxide in reducing the enzymatic browning and pathogens of fresh cut snap bean. Fresh cut snap beans were inoculated by immersion in an Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis contaminant solution Then, the vegetable was sanitized with hydrogen peroxide (0; 5; 10 and 20 mL L-1) for 10 minutes. The pathogens were monitored immediately after sanitization and after 4 days of storage at 10ºC. In other similar experiment, but without inoculation of pathogens, the snap bean were evaluated periodically. The surface color, pH, activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase enzymes, chlorophyll and carotenoids contents were evaluated. The sanitization with hydrogen peroxide reduced the count of E. coli and S. enteritidis, being similar for different hydrogen peroxide concentrations. The browning of the section surface of snap bean was controlled by hydrogen peroxide in the concentration of 20 mL L-1. The activity of the enzymes as well as the pigments content (chlorophyll and carotenoids) were not affected by treatments, except the polyphenoloxidase enzyme. The pH increased during storage and was greatest in snap bean sanitized with 20 mL L-1. The sanitization with hydrogen peroxide is effective in reducing population of E.coli and S. enteritidis and minimizing browning in fresh cut snap bean, but caused spots on the vegetable skin, precluding its use.
Weed community composition in different agro-systems
Authors: Cardoso Isabella Sichierski , Jakelaitis Adriano , Soares Michellia Pereira , Araújo Vinícius Tavares de , Cabral Paulo Henrique Ramos
Published: April 2017

Weed communities in agricultural systems are diverse and subjected to different agronomic practices. In this study, a phytosociological survey of the weed community in different cropping systems consisting of corn, horticulture, perennial cultivation of Jatropha curcas and pasture of Urochloa brizantha in Rio Verde, GO, Brazil, was carried out. Assessments were performed at the beginning (October 2011) and at the end (March 2012) of the rainy season. After identifying and counting species, were calculated the phytosociological indices of density, frequency, abundance and relative importance, as well as the diversity index of Shannon-Wiener, evenness index of Pielou and similarity coefficient of Sorense. Were found 46 species of sixteen families, especially Poaceae. The most important species were: Alternanthera tenella in the annual growth environment during the both periods; Panicum maximum (early rainy season) and Chamaescy hirta (end of the rainy season) in the vegetable garden; Eleusine indica (early rainy season) and Galinsoga parviflora (end of the rainy season) in the perennial crop and Sida rhombifolia (early rainy season) and Neonotonia wigrtii (end of the rainy season) in the pasture. Lower diversity indices and evenness were observed in the pasture environment. Sampling time presented a higher impact on similarities when compared to the different environments.
Rice seeds yield and quality according to fertilization
Authors: Santana Edivado Sousa , Ramos Lisandro Da Luz , Feitoza Hudson Da Costa , Mielezrski Fabio , Medeiros João Carlos
Published: April 2017

To obtain high seed quality, good fertilization practices are essential due to its influence not only on seed yield and weight, but also controlling the development of seedlings anomalies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different forms of fertilization on yield and physiological quality of upland rice seeds. It was used nitrogen fertilization in coverage as urea and foliar fertilization with macro and micronutrients. The treatments consist of various sources and forms of fertilization, in a randomized block design, as follows: covering at tillering with N at 34 kg ha-1; covering at floral primordium with N at 34 kg ha-1; foliar fertilization at tillering; foliar fertilization in floral primordium; covering with N at 34 kg ha-1 in tillering and foliar fertilization in floral primordium; only basic fertilization and treatment without fertilization. The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer with urea, at tillering and floral primordium at 34 kg ha-1 of N increased the production of rice seeds. In addition, coverage with urea and foliar fertilization containing macro and micronutrients increased rice seeds yield and physiological quality.
Can the absence of ants interfere in the arthropods abundance on corn plants (Zea mays L. - Poaceae)?
Authors: Gossler Odair Santos , Lange Denise , Fernandes Wedson Desidério
Published: April 2017

Alternative methods to reduce the chemical control in monoculture have been widely assessed in order to diminish the pesticide use. Thus, the efficiency of predator arthropods who work as population controllers in many agro-ecosystems has been tested. The current study aim to verify if the presence of ants interfere in the amount of arthropod herbivores and predators on corn plants, Zea mays L. (Poaceae). A total of 100 plants were assessed, out of them, 50 were isolated from ants and the other 50 were not. There were 25 taxa of arthropods on corn plants, in which 14 were herbivorous and 11 predators. The ants’ free access to the plants negatively influenced the Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) amount, which is an important herbivorous plague in corn monoculture. It was also observed the greater amount of Doru sp.1 (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) on plants containing ants. Considering the assessed plants, the presence of ants did not influenced the abundance of other arthropods. These results suggest that the ant-plant-herbivore interactions in corn monoculture is a complex system, and the presence of predatory ants in plants not always influence the presence of other arthropods.
Flowering, fruiting and physiology of apple tree under different irrigation levels in the Brazilian semiarid region
Authors: De Oliveira Cíntia Martins , Simões Welson Lima , Lopes Paulo Roberto Coelho , Da Silva José Bezerra , Araújo Emanoel Jurema , Cavalcante Bruna Lais Silva
Published: April 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation levels on flowering, fruit set, carbohydrate and protein content and gas exchange, of apple varietiesin the Brazilian semiarid region. The experimental design was a randomized block with split plots with five replications and four plot irrigation levels (60, 80, 100, and 120% of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo)) and the subplots with two cultivars (Juliet and Princess). As a result, it was found that the number of flowers (NFL), fruits (NFR), shoot percentage (SP) and fruit set (FS) were higher in cv. Juliet. The number of buds (NB) and the fertility index (FI) were higher in cv. Princess. With regard to metabolites, reducing sugar content (RS) had no significant effect among cultivars. The non-reducing sugar content (NRS), total soluble sugar (TSS) and total soluble proteins (TSP) were higher in cv. Princess. As for irrigation depths, TSP, sprouting, flowering and fruit set increased along with the amount of water applied, while the RS, NRS and TSS contents had the opposite behavior.
Degrane de bagas e escurecimento da ráquis em uva de mesa
Authors: Ferreira Maria Aparecida Rodrigues , Nassur Rita De Cássia Mirela Resende , Hausen Leandro José Oliveira de Von , Souza Flávio De França , Freitas Sérgio Tonetto de
Published: April 2017

Most of the postharvest losses on table grapes are related to the berry abscission and stem browning that affect the product appearance, reducing its commercial value and becoming a problem to table grapes production chain worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-harvest application of foliar fertilizers, plant growth regulators or a mix of both on table grapes var. ‘Sweet Globe’ quality parameters. All treatments were applied in a volume of 100 L ha-1 after 75 days (pre-softening), 95 days (ten days before harvest) and 103 days (two days before harvest). The clusters were harvested at the commercial harvest maturity stage, packed and stored in a cold room (0 °C and 95% RH), being evaluated for berry abscission, stem browning, firmness, abscission force, soluble solids, acidity, stem dry matter, stem water activity and weight loss at harvest and at 14, 42 and 56 days of storage. Although there was no statistical difference from control, the pre-harvest application of Hold® + Gibberellin resulted in clusters with lower percentage of berry abscission and the application of Kamab® resulted in clusters with lower stem browning, both evaluated after 56 days of storage.
The analysis of Basque conflict and ETA in the 1990s: The kidnapping of Miguel Angel Blanco
Authors: Özçelik Sezai
Published: April 2017

Since the fall of the Franco’s regime in Spain, the Spanish governments have been dealing with the low-intensity conflict in their country, namely the Euskadi Ta Askatusuna (ETA) attacks. This article analyzes the Basque conflict within the framework of the conflict analysis and resolution perspective. First, it highlights the conflict issues among the Basque conflict parties. Second, it clarifies the conflict issues by focusing on kidnapping and assassination done by the ETA during 1990s. The special case of Miguel Angel Blanco who was a local Basque councilman is a case study. In order to shed light on the Blanco case, it is necessary to focus the conflict resolution dynamics of the Basque conflict. Third, the paper aims to examine the Blanco case in terms of conflict issue identification, conflict issue clarification, and conflict cultural analysis perspectives. The issue identification perspective focuses on identity, face, and instrumental issues of the Basque conflict. The issue clarification perspective concentrates on two conflicting parties’ perceptions and positions in the conflict. The cultural analysis perspective mainly attempts to analyze the cross-cultural differences between ETA and the Spanish government. Based on the analysis of Miguel Angel Blanco, this study concludes that it is necessary to reframe, re-identify and re-clarify the Basque conflict within the framework of conflict and peace studies.
Conditions for the successful implementation of teacher educator design teams for ICT integration: A Delphi study
Authors: Becuwe Heleen , Pareja Roblin Natalie , Tondeur Jo , Thys Jeroen , Castelein Els , Voogt Joke
Published: April 2017

Teacher educators often struggle to model effective integration of technology. Several studies suggest that the involvement of teacher educators in collaborative design is effective in developing the competences necessary for integrating information and communication technology (ICT) in teaching. In a teacher educator design team (TeDT), two or more teacher educators (re-)design curriculum materials together. For the successful implementation of TeDTs, conditions at both team and institutional levels have to be taken into account. However, there is little consensus among stakeholders about which of these conditions are of highest priority. Most studies present priority or critical conditions from the viewpoint of just one group (e.g., school leaders). A Delphi study was set up aiming at synthesising the knowledge and views of various stakeholders about the conditions for the successful implementation of TeDTs for ICT integration. Consensus about the importance of ten conditions was reached in the entire sample after three rounds. These conditions include a long-term vision, trust, ownership, time and supportive institutional policies.
Breaking Regime Stability? The Politicization of Expertise in the OECD/G20 Process on BEPS and the Potential Transformation of International Taxation
Authors: Büttner Tim , Thiemann Matthias
Published: April 2017

As a response to widely reported corporate tax avoidance, the OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting process has relied on modifying the Transfer Pricing Guidelines in order to align taxation with economic substance, a form of incremental rather than radical change. We interpret this strategy of the OECD as an attempt to prevent a loss of authority without a politically risky complete overhaul. However, given the imperfect reconciliation – or even incompatibility – with persisting principles of international tax law, the incremental changes add to the complexity and incoherence of the guidelines on transfer pricing, leading us to expect an increase in conflicting assessments and uncertainty in the near future. Identifying a diminishing capacity of expert networks to achieve consensus on matters with strong distributional consequences, we argue that the incoherence of the system contains the seeds of its own transformation. However, due to vested interests in the current system and the reinforced capacity of the OECD to intervene in public discourses, we expect this transformation to be procedural and marked by conflicts over the meaning of the current guidelines, notably with regards to the arm’s length principle and the measurement of value creation.
Green synthesis and antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanostructures Punica granatum shell extract
Authors: Karaköse Ercan , Çolak Hakan , Duman Fatih
Published: April 2017

The manufacture of nanoparticles (NPs) is a new area of investigation due to potential applications related to the improvement of new technologies; in particular, environmentally safe manufactured nanomaterials have become a growing area within nanoscience. In this research, we synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO)-NPs using an aqueous extract of Punica granatum shell prepared using the green synthesis method. The ZnO-NPs were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The XRD patterns illustrated a single phase hexagonal (wurtzite) structure. The FE-SEM micrographs revealed the formation of erythrocyte-like structures and the average particle sizes were found to be 30–180 nm. The UV-visible measurements showed that the average optical transparency is over 85% in the visible range. The electrical conductivity values of the nanostructured ZnO-NPs were between 7.07×10−7 and 3.31×10−4 Ω−1 cm−1 in the temperature range 25–650°C. In addition, the ZnO-NPs did not show any antimicrobial affect against a Gram-positive bacterium (Bacillus thuringiensis).
Consecutive determination of softwood kraft lignin structure and molar mass from NMR measurements
Authors: Rönnols Jerk , Jacobs Anna , Aldaeus Fredrik
Published: April 2017

The general molecular properties and in particular, the molar mass of lignin are of central importance for industrial applications, as these data govern important thermal and mechanical characteristics. The focus of the present paper is pulsed field gradient-nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG-NMR), which is suitable for determination of lignins’ weight-average molar mass, based on diffusion constants. The method is calibrated by lignin fractions characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). It could be demonstrated on a set of softwood kraft lignins that the PFG-NMR approach gives results in very good agreement with those obtained using conventional size exclusion chromatography (SEC).
Die Geburt des Risikos. Kontingenz und kaufmännische Praxis im mediterranen Seehandel des Hoch- und Spätmittelalters
Authors: Scheller Benjamin
Published: April 2017

Das Konzept des Risikos entstand seit der Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts in zwei Etappen, und zwar im Milieu des mediterranen Seehandels. Die Fernkaufleute der italienischen Seerepubliken waren die ersten Virtuosen des Risikos und sollten es lange Zeit bleiben. Seit Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts hatten sie gelernt, kontingente Schäden entweder der Umwelt ihrer Unternehmung oder aber ihren Entscheidungen zuzurechnen und damit Gefahr und Risiko zu unterscheiden. Den Anlass hierzu gab die Differenzierung der Rollen von Kapitalgeber und reisendem Kaufmann im neuen Typ der Seehandelsunternehmung, der Commenda. Durch sie trat im Seehandel zu den Unwägbarkeiten des Marktgeschehens und den Gefahren des Meeres ein dritter kontingenter Faktor hinzu: das für den Investor unvorhersehbare Handeln seines reisenden Geschäftspartners. Dies warf die Frage der Zurechnung finanzieller Fehlschläge in ganz neuer Weise auf. Mit der Entstehung der Seeversicherung im 14. Jahrhundert begannen italienische Fernkaufleute dann, übernommene Risiken immer genauer zu bestimmen, in ihrer räumlichen und zeitlichen Dimension und mit der Entstehung der Prämienversicherung auch hinsichtlich ihrer Preise. Diese bildeten sich am Markt und indizierten gleichzeitig, wie die Beteiligten die nunmehr vergegenständlichten Risiken kalkulierten. Kontingente Schadensereignisse wurden so zu Waren. Die Zukunft hatte von nun an ihren Preis. Allerdings bedeutetete dies nicht immer, dass sie damit berechenbar geworden wäre. Denn der Preis des Risikos wurde zwar vielfach auf der Basis beobachteter Regelmäßigkeiten kalkuliert. In anderen Fällen jedoch konnte er rein spekulativ sein. Dabei standen weder die Unterscheidung von Risiko und Gefahr, noch die Vergegenständlichung des Risikos im Widerspruch zur Vorstellung einer Weltordnung, die letztlich auf Gottes unerfindlichen Ratschluss zurückzuführen sei. So sahen es die Fernkaufleute allem Anschein nach selbst und auch die Mehrheit der Kirchenrechtler und Moraltheologen des Mittelalters.
Experimental and Modeling Assessment of Sulfate and Arsenic Removal from Mining Wastewater by Nanofiltration
Authors: Jadhav Sachin V. , Häyrynen Piia , Marathe Kumudini V. , Rathod Virendra K. , Keiski Riitta L. , Yadav Ganapati D.
Published: April 2017

The application of nanofiltration membranes to remove sulfate and arsenic from wastewaters was investigated. The influence of operating parameters on the rejection and permeate flux was determined. The nanofiltration experiments carried out with NF90 and NF270 membranes showed a high rejection of sulfate (~90 %) and arsenic (~97 %) under the given set of experimental conditions. Better permeate flux values were obtained by NF270 membrane with a minor drop in rejections, but it proved to be better in water recovery. In FESEM analysis, the sulfate deposition on the membrane surface confirmed its well-known precipitation in desalination types of equipment. The experimental results were successfully predicted by using theoretical framework available in the literature. The simulation was carried out by using Levenberg–Marquardt with Gauss–Newton algorithm in MATLAB and the prime important parameters, viz. membrane resistance

(

R
m

)

$({R_m})$

, permeability coefficient

P

m

${{\rm{P}}_{\rm{m}}}$

, and mass transfer coefficient (k) were established separately for each membrane. The gel layer thickness was determined to better understand the hydrodynamics over the membrane surface and it validated the assumption of negligible fouling.
Demand-Side Contribution to Power System Frequency Regulation : -A Critical Review on Decentralized Strategies
Authors: Delavari Atieh , Kamwa Innocent
Published: April 2017

Nowadays the contribution of smart load technologies to power system frequency regulation is spurred due to the increasing penetration of renewable energy resources. This paper presents a comprehensive and up-to-date critical review on different decentralized load control strategies. This includes a joint literature- as well as simulation-based investigation in order to scrutinize different decentralized frequency-based load modulation strategies through organizing a taxonomy table and performing different simulation scenarios. Furthermore, the effectiveness of different gain tuning procedures in each control action are scrutinized and compared in terms of frequency nadir and steady state error. The detailed simulation is performed using SimPowerSystem (SPS) toolbox, in phasor mode, on IEEE 39-bus New England test system.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism types I and II: little more than a name in common
Authors: Casas-Alba Dídac , Vila Cots Jordi , Monfort Carretero Laura , Martorell Sampol Loreto , Zennaro Maria-Christina , Jeunemaitre Xavier , Camacho Díaz Juan Antonio
Published: April 2017

Pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) comprises a diverse group of rare diseases characterized by sodium and potassium imbalances incorrectly attributed to a defect in aldosterone production. Two different forms of PHA have been described, type I (PHAI) and type II (PHAII). PHAI has been subclassified into renal and systemic. Given the rarity and heterogeneity of this group of disorders we report three patients who carry PHA and a brief revision of current literature focused on the comparative analysis of PHAI and PHAII. Cases 1 and 2 presented with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis and elevated plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity in the neonatal period. Sequence analysis of the
Is Capitalist Utopia Noncompetitive? Jason Brennan’s Why Not Capitalism?
Authors: Hood Stephen
Published: April 2017

Jason Brennan’s Why Not Capitalism? provides a direct response to G.A. Cohen’s moral defence of the value of socialism, arguing that, even under the utopian conditions Cohen specifies, capitalism would be recognized as the most attractive form of social organization. Yet, in one respect, Brennan’s account of utopia seems oddly out of keeping with the capitalist system it is taken to represent: the freedom of the characters within it seems almost totally untouched by the pressure of competitive market forces. I argue that this absence cannot be explained simply by an appeal to the positive intentions of utopian individuals as, even with such motivations in place, competition would still be unavoidable. This means that, even if we agree with Brennan that people would want a utopia in which they had the greatest possible scope to pursue their own personal plans, they may still have good reason to reject his capitalist ideal in favour of a system that would secure for them fair terms on which to compete.
Crystal structure of (1,10-phenanthroline-κ2
N,N′)-bis(1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylato-κ2
N,O)manganese(II) trihydrate, C20H20N6O7Mn
Authors: Lei Lü , Rudan Huang
Published: April 2017

C20H20N6O7Mn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.3170(9) Å, b = 13.1061(12) Å, c = 17.6919(15) Å, β = 108.231(3)°, V = 2272.1(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0428, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1058, T = 298 K.
A Combined Analysis in Complementary Progeny Tests: Effects on breeding value accuracies
Authors: Cappa Eduardo P. , Stoehr Michael U.
Published: April 2017

Complementary progeny tests allow for simultaneously ranking parents for their general combining ability (GCA) and within-family forward selection. To do this, progeny tests are established with different types of genetic entries (i.e., half-sib and full-sib seedlings, respectively), and different experimental designs. This study proposes a combined analysis of the GCA and full-sib (FS) tests using the mixed model approach to predict simultaneously the breeding values of grandparents, parents, full-sib families and offspring on the same scale. Moreover, a first order autoregressive spatial mixed model for the GCA tests was also implemented in the combined analysis. Our empirical study in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) shows that additional information provided from relatives and the overlap genetic entry among GCA and FS tests via the proposed combined analysis, improves the accuracies of breeding values compared to the non-combined analysis. The improvements in the accuracies of breeding values for backward and forward selections were generally modest. Spatial and combined analyses gave slightly better results than the non-spatial combined model.
Bixbyite-type phases in the system Ta-Zr-O-N
Authors: Lüdtke Tobias , Orthmann Steven , Lerch Martin
Published: April 2017

Phase-pure tantalum/zirconium oxide nitrides and nitrides were synthesized by the ammonolysis of amorphous oxide precursors. The nitrogen-rich oxide nitrides with variable anion composition and the nitride TaZrN3crystallize in the cubic bixbyite-type structure (space groupIa3̅). The nitrogen content of these compounds has a significant influence on the cell parameters, the atomic positions, and the optical band gap. The results extend the already well-studied Ta–Zr–O–N system by new oxide nitrides in addition to the already known baddeleyite- and anosovite-type phases. TaZrN3can be considered as a thermodynamically stable ternary variant of metastable Ta2N3.
Islamistische Radikalisierung Jugendlicher in der postmigrantischen Gesellschaft – Ursachen und religionspädagogische Präventionsansätze
Authors: Kulaçatan Meltem
Published: April 2017

Die Radikalisierung islamischer Jugendlicher ist eine zentrale Herausforderung religiöser Erziehung und Bildung. Daher müssen vielfältige religionspädagogische Maßnahmen entwickelt werden, um Kinder und Jugendliche so zu stärken, dass sie nicht den Heilsversprechen radikaler Islamisten folgen. Gleichzeitig steht die postmigrantische Gesellschaft aber auch vor der Aufgabe, alle Kinder und Jugendlichen im schulischen Kontext zu integrieren.
Medial Ganglionic Eminence Progenitors Transplanted into Hippocampus Integrate in a Functional and Subtype-Appropriate Manner
Authors: Hsieh Jui-Yi , Baraban Scott C.
Published: April 2017

Medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) transplantation rescues disease phenotypes in various preclinical models with interneuron deficiency or dysfunction, including epilepsy. While underlying mechanism(s) remains unclear to date, a simple explanation is that appropriate synaptic integration of MGE-derived interneurons elevates GABA-mediated inhibition and modifies the firing activity of excitatory neurons in the host brain. However, given the complexity of interneurons and potential for transplant-derived interneurons to integrate or alter the host network in unexpected ways, it remains unexplored whether synaptic connections formed by transplant-derived interneurons safely mirror those associated with endogenous interneurons. Here, we combined optogenetics, interneuron-specific Cre driver mouse lines, and electrophysiology to study synaptic integration of MGE progenitors. We demonstrated that MGE-derived interneurons, when transplanted into the hippocampus of neonatal mice, migrate in the host brain, differentiate to mature inhibitory interneurons, and form appropriate synaptic connections with native pyramidal neurons. Endogenous and transplant-derived MGE progenitors preferentially formed inhibitory synaptic connections onto pyramidal neurons but not endogenous interneurons. These findings demonstrate that transplanted MGE progenitors functionally integrate into the postnatal hippocampal network.
Synaptic Targeting of Double-Projecting Ventral CA1 Hippocampal Neurons to the Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Basal Amygdala
Authors: Kim Woong Bin , Cho Jun-Hyeong
Published: April 2017

The acquisition and retrieval of contextual fear memory requires coordinated neural activity in the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and amygdala. The contextual information encoded in the hippocampus is conveyed to the mPFC and amygdala for contextual fear conditioning. Previous studies have suggested that a CA1 neuronal population in the ventral hippocampus (VH) projects to both the mPFC and amygdala and is recruited in context-dependent control of conditioned fear. However, how double-projecting ventral CA1 hippocampal (vCA1) neurons modulate the activity of the mPFC and amygdala at the synaptic level has not been determined previously. Here, we show that the optogenetic silencing of the VH prevented the recall of contextual fear memory in mice, indicating its role in contextual fear expression. In dual retrograde viral tracing and c-Fos immunostaining experiments, we found that a proportion of vCA1 neurons projected to both the mPFC and amygdala and were recruited preferentially during context exposure, suggesting their role in encoding context representations. Moreover, optogenetic stimulation of axon collaterals of double-projecting vCA1 neurons induced monosynaptic excitatory responses in both the mPFC and basal amygdala, indicating that they could convey contextual information through the VH–mPFC and VH–amygdala pathways. The activation of double-projecting vCA1 neurons also induced action potential firings in the mPFC neurons that project to the amygdala, suggesting that they can also activate the VH–mPFC–amygdala pathway. With these synaptic mechanisms, double-projecting vCA1 neurons could induce synchronized neural activity in the mPFC and amygdala and convey contextual information efficiently to the basal amygdala for contextual fear conditioning.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis work demonstrates that ventral CA1 hippocampal (vCA1) neurons projecting to both the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and amygdala are activated preferentially when contextual information is processed in the ventral hippocampus, which is required for contextual fear expression. Our electrophysiological experiments reveal that the activation of double-projecting vCA1 neurons induces excitatory synaptic activity in both the mPFC and amygdala. These results suggest that double-projecting vCA1 neurons could contribute to contextual fear responses by inducing synchronized activity in the mPFC and amygdala and conveying contextual information to the basal amygdala more efficiently than vCA1 neurons projecting to either the mPFC or amygdala alone. These findings provide important insights into the mechanisms of the acquisition and retrieval of contextual fear memory.
It's Not All “One” Story
Authors: McKenna-Buchanan Tim
Published: April 2017

These narratives are an exploration into the complexity of heteronormativity in the American workplace. They contribute to the field of critical qualitative research by complexifying and storying the experiences of individuals who identify as gay or lesbian in the workplace. Each of the six stories is titled using the participants’ words and the asterisks mark shifts in the narrative. This essay centers around each story yet all of the narrratives unite to complicate our understanding of “one” story of heteronomativity. Hopefully this piece starts and continues conversations about the varied experiences individuals who identify as gay or lesbian navigate in the workplace.
Unravelling the Workings of Difference in Collaborative Inquiry
Authors: Frølunde Lisbeth , Hee Pedersen Christina , Novak Martin
Published: April 2017

This article explores the collaboration among five Czech and Danish researchers across nations, languages, ages, and institutions. The ambition is to unravel and destabilize views on collaboration that tend to idealize collaborative processes and methodologies. We suggest difference as a principal generator of complexity and tension. Through an analysis of two memory-work stories, we show how dynamic forces of difference disturb ideals of collaboration and dialogue. In terms of theory, we draw on Bakhtinian dialogical conceptions of difference and on poststructuralist thinkers, including Bronwyn Davies, Gilles Deleuze, and Félix Guattari. We conclude with reflections on difference and power in collaborative processes.
Habitat use of grey partridge in agricultural landscapes (the case of Ukrainian forest steppe)
Authors: Novytskyi V. P. , Mitay I. S. , Grishchenko S. M.
Published: April 2017

We investigated the influence of habitat and climatic parameters on Grey partridge populations in natural and agricultural landscapes of Ukrainian forest steppe. In all the studied provinces, the general population trends of Grey partridge did not have the concerted correlation with climatic factors, though in Steppe left bank natural-agricultural province, LS-3 there was registered negative correlation between the number of birds and average rainfall in June; in Steppe Right bank natural-agricultural province, LS-2 we fixed positive correlation with average annual humidity. We also revealed the persistent negative relationship between the density of roads and partridge abundance in hunting lands of study area. We also founded that number of agriculture variables which limited the number of grey partridges, was higher, then in central and left-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. Thus, we registered strong negative correlation between the square of sown lands and cultivated crop area (namely with corn, sunflower, and soy), dwelling space, norms of mineral fertilizers/pesticides and the number of birds. The same variables had low and medium positive correlation coefficients with bird abundance in western part of study regions. This could indirectly indicate the forced usage of arable land by birds as the reduction of mediocrity and natural mosaic of agricultural landscapes along the gradient from the west to the east of Ukrainian steppe. This should be considered in the hunting management of agricultural landscapes in study region, like identifying of the plots for the introduction of artificially reared birds, selection of reproductive areas and other ecological and economic measures for the protection and rational exploitation of grey partridge.
Cell wall fractions in the biomass of Dactylis glomerata and Festuca pratensis
Authors: Sosnowski J. , Matsyura A. , Jankowksi K. , Przytuła M.
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this paper is to determine the changes in the concentration of different fractions in the cell wall of Dactylis glomerata and Festuca pratensis growing on both mineral and organic soil with different harvesting times. This paper has drawn on two field experiments set up and carried out between 2010 and 2013 by the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing in Słupia Wielka. The experimental plots were sown with varieties of Dactylis glomerata: Niva, Tukan, Amila, Crown Royale and with varieties of Festuca pratensis: Limosa, Pasja, Anturka, Amelka (d. AND 1009). The experiment in Krzyżewo was set up on mineral soil. In Uhnin the experimental plots were located on peat meadow. The full exploitation of Dactylis glomerata varieties was due between 2012 and 2013, whereas for Festuca pratensis it was due between 2011 and 2012. In the experimental plots with the varieties of Dactylis glomerata the grass was harvested six times a year and chemical analysis of the biomass was done taking dry matter only from five cuts. The varieties of Festuca pratensis were harvested four times. Each year in the course of the experiment fresh and dry matter of each cut were weighed. The obtained results showed that the time of the harvest or cut for both of the grass species showed significantly different concentrations of the neutral detergent fiber fraction (NDF), acid detergent fiber fraction (ADF) and different concentrations of lignin and cellulose. For both of the grass species, plants harvested in the fourth cut had the highest content of different cell wall fractions. The location, that is the type of soil, affected the concentration of lignin (ADL), but only in the case of Festuca pratensis. A higher concentration of this polysaccharide was in the grass growing on organic soil.
Determinantes de la supervivencia de microempresas en Bogotá: Un análisis con modelos de duración
Authors: Santana Viloria Leonardo
Published: April 2017

El objetivo del presente artículo es estimar la tasa de supervivencia de microempresas en Bogotá e identificar sus principales determinantes financieros. Para ello, se usa información del estado de la microempresa en el momento de su creación, a partir de los estados financieros de este tipo de empresas suministrados por la Cámara de Comercio de Bogotá (ccb). Dentro de esta información se incluyen la fecha de creación y de cierre de la empresa, o si esta se encuentra aún activa, así como el sector económico al que pertenece, el número de empleados y sus estados financieros iniciales. El trabajo calcula las principales razones financieras de rentabilidad, endeudamiento y liquidez, para realizar estimaciones con la ayuda de modelos de duración, con el fin de analizar el impacto que cada una de estas variables tiene en la vida de la empresa. Durante el ejercicio, se encontró que a mayor duración del negocio, mayor es su probabilidad de cierre. Además, dentro de los determinantes de duración están el número de empleados, su rentabilidad operativa inicial y su capacidad de generar ingresos para responder al servicio de la deuda.
Determinantes estratégicos en la formación de la lealtad del joven residente: el caso de las Islas Canarias
Authors: Martínez González José Alberto , Parra Fumero Eduardo , Padrón López Noemí
Published: April 2017

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar las variables estratégicas que intervienen en la formación de la lealtad del joven residente en un destino formado por islas y en un contexto de turismo doméstico1. Utilizando una muestra de 678 jóvenes residentes en las Islas Canarias (España), se ha generado un modelo estructural significativo en el que se incluyen variables relacionadas con la empresa, con el producto turístico y con el residente. Los resultados demuestran que la orientación al mercado constituye el primer eslabón de una cadena de efectos que conducen a la lealtad, y que la satisfacción es la única variable que determina directamente la lealtad. Los resultados también constatan que no existen diferencias significativas en dichas percepciones por razones de sexo, isla de residencia o cantidad de viajes realizados. Este hallazgo pone de manifiesto el carácter generacional del estudio y la posibilidad de generalizar las conclusiones sobre dicho segmento a otros destinos.
Descentralización de la Gestión de la Educación Pública e Institucionalidad Local en Chile: El caso de los Directores Comunales de Educación
Authors: Donoso-Díaz Sebastián , Benavides Moreno Nibaldo
Published: April 2017

En el presente artículo se analiza la institucionalidad de la educación pública chilena, en el plano local en educación, así como las demandas de cambio que de ella se derivan, contrastando el marco normativo institucional de los jefes de departamentos de educación municipal con las funciones efectivamente desempeñadas. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, cualitativo, basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas, aplicadas a quienes ejercieron el cargo. Los resultados permiten comprender las tareas definidas y ejecutadas, así como sus fundamentos normativo-institucionales, e identificar nudos críticos que requieren resolverse. A partir de ello, se formulan propuestas de reorganización de la educación en el plano subnacional, objetivo clave en la modernización de la gestión del Estado chileno.
POTENSI IMMUNOGENIK Tetrahymena sp. (PROTOZOA: HYMENOSTOMATIDA, CILIATA) SEBAGAI ANTIGEN ANTI-ICHTHYOPHTHIRIUS MULTIFILIIS
Authors: Taukhid Taukhid
Published: April 2017

Percobaan tentang potensi immunogenik Tetrahymeno sp. sebagai antigen anti-Ichthyophthirius multifiliis telah dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Perikanan Air Tawar Sukamandi dan Unit Pengembangan Budidaya Air Tawar, Subang. Antigen sel utuh diberikan kepada ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) melalui dua cara pemberian, yaitu penyuntikan intraperitoneal dan melalui pakan.
PEMBERIAN PAKAN BUATAN UNTUK IKAN GABUS (Chana striatus) DALAM KERAMBA DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Suryanti Yanti , Priyadi Agus , Suhenda Ningrum
Published: April 2017

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kebutuhan kadar protein optimal pakan dan tingkat pemberian pakan yang efisien bagi pertumbuhan ikan gabus.
PENGARUH ASKORBIL FOSFAT MAGNESIUM SEBAGAI SUMBER VITAMIN C TERHADAP PEMATANGAN GONAD UDANG WINDU (Penaeus monodon) ASAL TAMBAK
Authors: Marzuqi M Marzuqi M , K.Suwirya K.Suwirya , Azwar Z.I.
Published: April 2017

Percobaan ini dilakukan untuk mendapat gambaran kebutuhan vitamin C dalam pematangan gonad udang windu betina asal tambak.
PENGGUNAAN MS.222 (TRICAINE) UNTUK PEMBIUSAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos) UMPAN
Authors: Daud Rohama , Suwardi Suwardi , Yacob M.J. , Utojo Utojo
Published: April 2017

Kendala yang sering dihadapi dalam penyediaan umpan hidup untuk penangkapan ikan tuna/cakalang adalah masih tingginya kematian umpan dalam transportasi menuju daerah penangkapan, sehingga diperlukan pembiusan umpan sebelum diangkut.
PENGARUH FITOSTEROL DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN YUWANA UDANG PUTIH (Penaeus indicus)
Authors: Marzuqi Muhammad , Sugama Ketut , Suwirya Ketut , Azwar Zafril Imran
Published: April 2017

Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kebutuhan fitosterol sebagai substitusi kolesterol dalam pakan terhadap pertumbuhan yuwana udang putih, Penoeus indicus. Percobaan dilakukan di laboratorium pakan dengan menggunakan yuwana dari pemijahan induk udang putih asal tambak.
PERTUMBUHAN POPULASI ROTIFER (Brachionus rotundiformis) TIPE-SS PADA SUHU YANG BERBEDA DI LABORATORIUM
Authors: Rusdi Ibnu
Published: April 2017

Rotifer (Brachionus rotundiformis) adalah rnikroorganisme dari jenis zooplankton yang memegang peranan penting dalam perbenihan ikan laut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu air media terhadap  pertumbuhan populasi rotifer, B. rotundiformis tipe-SS asal tambak di Situbondo-Jawa Timur yang dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium.
PENGGUNAAN Nannochloropsis oculato AWETAN DAN YANG DIPERKAYA VITAMIN 812 UNTUK KULTUR ROTIFER
Authors: Ismi Suko , Wardoyo Wardoyo
Published: April 2017

Percobaan ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Nannochloropsis oculata yang dipekatkan kemudian disimpan dalam bentuk dingin dan beku serta telah diperkaya dengan vitamin B12, terhadap pertumbuhan populasi rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis.
Online Fan Practices and CALL
Authors: Sauro Shannon
Published: April 2017

This article provides a narrative overview of research on online fan practices for language and literacy learning, use, and identity work. I begin with an introduction to online fan communities and common fan practices found in these online affinity spaces, the best known of which is fan fiction, fictional writing that reinterprets and remixes the events, characters, and settings found in popular media. I then look to other online fan practices that have been explored in language and literacy learning research such as fan-subbing and scanlation, amateur subtitling and translation of popular media carried out by individual or teams of fans. Finally, this article concludes by looking to research that has begun to explore the integration of fan practices found in the digital wilds into the language classroom as a way to illuminate how our growing understanding of online fan practices can motivate the design of computermediated tasks or the integration of social media into formal language teaching.
Krytyka wartości w ujęciu Martina Heideggera i Fryderyka Nietzschego
Authors: Augustyniak Piotr
Published: April 2017

The paper is an attempt to show the basic features of the critique of thinking based on values, which is an essential part of Martin Heidegger’s thought. In order to present his opinions clearly, they are confronted with the critique of values that Friedrich Nietzsche presents in his work “Thus Spoke Zarathustra”. The author argues that thinking based on values is in service of the modern subjectivity, which is expansive and egological. However, unlike Heidegger, the author tries to explore a concept of value which would be free of such an egological tendency. His inspiration is Nietzsche, who wrote about ‘new values’, and related them with creativity which leads the subject to transgression.
Wartości w świecie postspołecznym
Authors: Marody Mirosława
Published: April 2017

In the majority of contemporary sociological studies values are considered to be attributes of persons and are analyzed in terms of their role in motivating individual behaviour. In this text it is assumed that values are a product of collective processes, they emerge through sharing meanings and senses that are worked out in the course of social practices. Therefore, they have a very important function in the society: they legitimize the system, make institutions meaningful, define the direction of action for social actors. Using the concept of a post-social world coined by A. Touraine, in which social actors are replaced with moral ones, the author studies the values around which such actors organize their activity.
Polskie zmagania z nowoczesnością
Authors: Mazur Krzysztof
Published: April 2017

The main thesis of the paper is that a redefinition of the Polish national identity could be a crucial factor in the process of seeking a way out of the contemporary economic crisis. First, on the basis of works by Pitirim Sorokin (Sorokin 1957) and Niklas Luhmann (Luhmann 2007), the author argues that the contemporary economic crisis is deeply rooted in culture. In the second part this general ref lection leads to an analysis of the materialistic paradigm in social sciences, which limited the ref lection on the human being to his or her financial preferences (Grassl 2012). As a result of such a domination of the materialistic paradigm, the economic way of thinking dominates over our cultural life. The third part offers a project of redefinition of the paradigm which shows that to avoid objectifying human beings, we need to establish a primacy of moral values on the free market (Kędzierski 2012). National identity has to play a key role in this process because it bounds culture, society, and the state. Therefore, in the fourth part of the paper the author presents an integral theory of the nation (Łuczewski 2012). In the fifth part he describes the evolution of Polish identity which leads him to the conclusion that contemporary Polish identity is at a turning point. It should now be modified (Skrzypulec 2013) because its present form has entered the phase of primordiality,which makes it useless in the era of globalization. Therefore, in the last part of the paper, the author proposes five formal and nine material categories (or regulative ideas in the Kantian sense) which should be a basis of the redefined Polish identity.
Kto stoi po stronie dobra? Wartości w rosyjskiej polityce zagranicznej
Authors: Lisiakiewicz Rafał
Published: April 2017

The author of this paper argues that the basic problem in relations between Russia and the West concerns political values shared by these entities in the area of international relations. This paper examines the problem on the three basic levels: (1) the basic paradigm of interpretation of international relations in Russia, i.e. realism; (2) the consequences of this approach for Russia’s place in international relations; and (3) the importance for Russia of economic cooperation with Western partners.
Miasto jako miejsce wytwarzania wartości
Authors: Kudłacz Michał
Published: April 2017

For centuries, cities have been centres of dynamic and complex economic, social, and spatial processes. Concentration of potentials has been conducive to development of our civilization, which has resulted in a change of the perception of what is good and valuable. The words: “city” and “value” are inextricably linked since cities are engines of social and economic development, providers of knowledge and innovation, and determinants of cultural development. In this paper the author attempts to analyze the evolution of the concept of values in cities in various periods of history. He then tries to determine the nature of values in cities and establish classifications (types) of values in order to find out whether there are universal values.
Wartość ekonomiczna przyrody
Authors: Żylicz Tomasz
Published: April 2017

The paper uses the classic definition of economics as a science of making choices, and it defines economic value as the proportion people apply when they exchange one good for another. Goods provided by nature are exchanged too, but usually, unlike many other goods, they are not traded in markets, and so their values are difficult to ascertain. Nevertheless, over the last couple of decades economists have developed a number of methods to measure their values. The paper refers to valuation results presented in international literature, and discusses similar attempts carried out in Poland. It stresses that such valuations should be based on real decisions made by people even if their choices seem unreasonable and poorly thought through.