bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Philosopher-Lobbyist: John Dewey and the People's Lobby, 1928-1940 by Mordecai Lee
Authors: Reitano Vincent
Published: November 2016

Lee, M. (2015). The philosopher-lobbyist: John Dewey and the People’s Lobby, 1928-1940. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. $95.00 (hard cover), ISBN: 978-1-4384-5528-0.
Front Matter
Authors: Editors The
Published: November 2016

Front Cover and Editorial Board
Theoretical and Experimental Study on Optimal Injection Rates in Carbonate Acidizing
Authors: Dong Kai , Zhu Ding , Hill A. Daniel
Published: November 2016

Optimal acid-injection rate is critical information for carbonate-matrix-acidizing design. This rate is currently obtained through fitting acidizing-coreflood experimental results. A model is needed to predict optimal acid-injection rates for various reservoir conditions.

A wormhole forms when larger pores grow in the cross-sectional area at a rate that greatly exceeds the growth rate of smaller pores caused by surface reaction. This happens when the pore growth follows a particular mechanism, which is discussed in this paper. We have developed a model to predict wormhole-growth behavior. The model uses the mode size in a pore-size distribution—the pore size that appears most frequently in the distribution—to predict the growth of the pore. By controlling the acid velocity inside of it, we can make this particular pore grow much faster than other smaller pores, thus reaching the most-favorable condition for wormholing. This also results in a balance between overall acid/rock reaction and acid flow. With the introduction of a porous-medium model, the acid velocity in the mode-size pore is scaled up to the interstitial velocity at the wormhole tip. This interstitial velocity at the wormhole tip controls the wormhole propagation. The optimal acid-injection rates are then calculated by use of semiempirical flow correlations for different flow geometries.

The optimal injection rate depends on the rock lithology, acid concentration, temperature, and rock-pore-size distribution. All these factors are accounted for in this model. The model can predict the optimal rates of acidizing-coreflood experiments correctly, compared with our acidizing-coreflood experimental results. In addition, on the basis of our model, it is also found that at optimal conditions, the wormhole-propagation velocity is linearly proportional to the acid-diffusion coefficient for a diffusion-limited reaction. This is proved both experimentally and theoretically in this study. Because there is no flow-geometry constraint while developing this model, it can be applied to field scales. Applications are presented in this paper.
Irrigation and Soil Surfactants Affect Abamectin Distribution in Soil
Authors: Gannon Travis W. , Jeffries Matthew D. , Ahmed Khalied A.
Published: November 2016

Nematodes are microscopic, soil‐dwelling organisms that adversely affect many turfgrass systems, including golf course putting greens. Abamectin controls many nematode species in golf course putting greens; however, high sorption to accumulated organic matter near the soil surface in established turfgrass systems may limit its distribution in soil, thereby limiting its efficacy. Field research was conducted on ‘A1/A4’ creeping bentgrass and ‘Champion’ ultradwarf bermudagrass putting greens to evaluate abamectin distribution in soil following treatment regimens including abamectin application (37 g a.i. ha–1) alone, or tank‐mixed with soil surfactant (Revolution) in tandem with various irrigation timings to promote downward distribution. Laboratory research was also conducted to evaluate 14C‐abamectin soil distribution via treatments comprised of various combinations of simulated irrigation amounts and timings, as well as soil surfactant type (Dispatch or Qualibra) and timing with respect to abamectin application. Abamectin distributed similarly in soil across turfgrass species in field research. At 7 d after treatment (DAT), all irrigation–soil surfactant regimens increased abamectin distribution to the 0‐ to 2.5‐cm soil depth compared with broadcast spray alone; however, no evaluated regimen resulted in >2% of the applied abamectin movement beyond 2.5 cm. In laboratory experiments, 14C‐abamectin soil distribution was affected most by soil surfactant at 3 DAT, with Qualibra increasing distribution (8.2 to 18.4% of applied) to 7.5 cm depth compared with Dispatch or no surfactant. As in field research, irrigation amounts and timings generally affected 14C‐abamectin similarly. This research highlights practices to enhance distribution into the profile, thereby increasing bioavailability and efficacy.
Drought management policies in Spain and the European Union: from traditional emergency actions to Drought Management Plans
Authors: Estrela Teodoro , Sancho Tomás A.
Published: November 2016

Droughts are current challenges to the economic, social and environmental development of a region, as reflected in European Union (EU) water policies. In addition, the impacts of droughts can be aggravated by climate change effects, adding pressure to already water stressed areas in the EU. This paper presents a general overview of drought management policies in the EU and in Spain. The paper studies the specific case of Spain, where drought management policies have evolved from traditional emergency actions to Drought Management Plans (DMPs). Historical droughts and the main drought episodes occurring over the last 30 years in Spain, together with the actions taken and the effects produced, are analysed. The National Indicator System for Droughts has played a significant role in drought management since 2005, serving to declare drought situations, and also to apply measures and actions to be carried out by the Spanish Administration. In addition, DMPs for all River Basin Organisations (RBOs) were approved in 2007, and they have represented strategic tools with positive results in drought impact mitigation and have stressed the importance of public participation in the decision-making process for drought events. These plans must be updated in 2017 and are now being revised, taking into account the experience acquired since their approval.
Treatment of tannery wastewater for reuse by physico-chemical processes and a membrane bioreactor
Authors: Fettig J. , Pick V. , Oldenburg M. , Phuoc N. V.
Published: November 2016

Treatment of wastewater from a tannery in Greater Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam) was investigated on a pilot scale. After pre-treatment by the tannery that included batch-coagulation and sedimentation, the wastewater was treated by dissolved air flotation, a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and granular activated carbon (GAC) for polishing the MBR effluent. The average removal efficiency for organic substances in the MBR was 81% while total nitrogen could only be removed by 36%. The performance of the GAC column could be successfully predicted using adsorption parameters determined in laboratory experiments. A larger proportion of the organics in the MBR effluent was only weakly adsorbable, therefore the usable carbon capacity was limited as confirmed by the modelling approach. The results were used to outline the size of a technical plant with a volumetric loading rate of 3 kg COD/(m3*d) for the MBR and a specific carbon demand of about 1.8 kg/m3.
Removal of ammonium and heavy metals by cost-effective zeolite synthesized from waste quartz sand and calcium fluoride sludge
Authors: Zhang Qian , Lin Bing , Hong Junming , Chang Chang-Tang
Published: November 2016

This study focuses on the effectiveness of zeolite (10% CF-Z [0.5]) hydrothermally synthesized from waste quartz sand and calcium fluoride (CF) for ammonium ion and heavy metal removal. Zeolite was characterized through powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, micromeritics N2 adsorption/desorption analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The effects of CF addition, Si/Al ratio, initial ammonium concentration, solution pH, and temperature on the adsorption of ammonium on 10% CF-Z (0.5) were further examined. Results showed that 10% CF-Z (0.5) was a single-phase zeolite A with cubic-shaped crystals and 10% CF-Z (0.5) efficiently adsorbs ammonium and heavy metals. For instance, 91% ammonium (10 mg L−1) and 93% lead (10 mg L−1) are removed. The adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics of ammonium adsorption on 10% CF-Z (0.5) were also theoretically analyzed. The adsorption isotherm of ammonium and lead on 10% CF-Z (0.5) in single systems indicated that Freundlich model provides the best fit for the equilibrium data, whereas pseudo-second-order model best describes the adsorption kinetics. The adsorption degree of ions on 10% CF-Z (0.5) in mixed systems exhibits the following pattern: lead > ammonium > cadmium > chromium.
Performance of A-stage process treating combined municipal-industrial wastewater
Authors: Trzcinski Antoine Prandota , Wang Chong , Zhang Dongqing , Ang Wui Seng , Lin Li Leonard , Niwa Terutake , Fukuzaki Yasuhiro , Ng Wun Jern
Published: November 2016

A biosorption column and a settling tank were operated for 6 months with combined municipal and industrial wastewaters (1 m3/hr) to study the effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) levels and Fe3+ dosage on removal efficiency of dissolved and suspended organics prior to biological treatment. High DO (>0.4 mg/L) were found to be detrimental for soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals and iron dosing (up to 20 ppm) did not improve the overall performance. The system performed significantly better at high loading rate (>20 kg COD.m−3.d−1) where suspended solids and COD removals were greater than 80% and 60%, respectively. This is a significant improvement compared to the conventional primary sedimentation tank, and the process is a promising alternative for the pre-treatment of industrial wastewater.
Impact of dye effluent on growth and chlorophyll content of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa l.)
Authors: Mahawar* Pratibha , Akhtar Azra
Published: November 2016

The textile industry plays an important role in the world economy as well as in our daily life time, it consumes large quantity of water and generates huge amount of waste water. The chemical reagents used in the textile sector are diverse in chemical composition ranging from inorganic to organic molecules. The presence of these chemicals will show detrimental effects on the germination process and growth of seedlings. Present research work has been carried out to study the impact of effluent at different concentrations (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%) on seed germination and seedling growth of Medicago sativa. On the 14th day of seedling growth, maximum root and shoot length were observed at 20% concentration of effluent i.e. 5.4cm (root length) and 5.1cm (shoot length) which increased 3.8% and 4.0% respectively in comparison to control. At high concentrations of treatment levels root length was decreased 2.04%, 19.2%, 26.5%, 51.0% respectively and shoot length was decreased 3.84%, 17.3%, 26.9%, 44.2% respectively at 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% treatment levels in comparison to control (4.9cm and 5.2cm respectively). Same trend was observed during estimation of dry weight and chlorophyll contents.  Inhibition of seedling germination and seedling growth at higher concentrations of effluent may be due to high level of dissolved solids which inhance the salinity. The present study concluded that the dyeing effluent waste significantly influence growth parameters of Medicago sativa.
Optimization of Diagnostic Process in Assessing the Extent of Dental Hard Tissue Defects after Endodontic Treatment
Authors: Bulbuk Olena , Rozhko Mykola
Published: November 2016

The selection of an optimal treatment is one of the problems when restoring the defects of dental hard tissues after endodontic treatment. The work aims at studying the percentage ratio of the volume of the coronal portion of the tooth to its crown that will allow us to optimize the determination of the extent of dental hard tissue defect after endodontic treatment as well as to choose the optimal method of treatment.The objective of the research was to optimize the diagnostic process when treating damaged coronal portion of the tooth after endodontic treatment through the determination of the percentage ratio of the volume of the coronal portion of the tooth to the total volume of tooth crown for different groups of teeth.Materials and methods. 42 extracted teeth with preserved coronal portions served as the material for our study. The volume of the coronal potion of the tooth as well as the total volume of tooth crown was determined using the method developed by us. Having calculated the ratio of the volume of the coronal portion of the tooth to the volume of tooth crown, we received the volume which is occupied by the coronal cavity of the tooth.Results. We obtained the percentage ratio of the volume which is occupied by the coronal cavity of the tooth compared to its crown for different groups of teeth.Conclusions. To estimate the extent of damage to the coronal portion of the tooth after endodontic treatment, it is recommend using the obtained data, namely, in the maxillary and mandibular front teeth, the coronal portion of the tooth occupies up to 10% of tooth crown volume, while in the maxillary and mandibular grinding teeth, the coronal portion of the tooth occupies up to 5% of tooth crown volume.
USING CUSTOM TRIFLANGE IMPLANT IN REVISION HIP ARTHROPLASTY IN PATIENT WITH PELVIC DISCONTINUITY (CASE REPORT)
Authors: Tikhilov R. M. , Shubnyakov I. I. , Kovalenko A. N. , Bilyk C. C. , Tsybin A. N. , Denisov A. O. , Dmitrevich G. D. , Vopilovsky P. N.
Published: November 2016

Revision hip arthroplasty rate is growing, and pelvic discontinuity rate ranges from 1% to 5% of acetabular component revision reasons. According to AAOS acetabular defects classification, pelvic discontinuity is fourth type defect in which cranial part of hip bone is separated from caudal part at acetabular level. Usually it occurs from bone loss secondary to osteolysis, infection, fracture or aseptic loosening. There are a lot of techniques for pelvis discontinuity treatment. Published results of bulk allografts and antiprotrusion cages have generally been poor. More preferable methods with acceptable rate of good results are cup-cage systems and custom triflange acetabular components(CTAC). CTACs are designed based on preoperative CT scans to build a custom titanium 3D-printed implant to address the patient's specific bone defect and provide secure fixation in the ilium, pubis, and ischium. We faced pelvic discontinuity, in which extensive iliac bone loss was added to caudal hip bone part medial displacement and pelvic ring deformity, in patient with multiple hip surgeries. Preoperative investigation called into question the possibility of using off-the-shelf hip implants, which could restore the biomechanics of the hip and provide reliable primary fixation at the same time. We present case report of the patient with pelvic discontinuity and massive bone loss treatment using a custom triflange component.
COHORT STRUCTURE OF PATIENTS WITH PROXIMAL FEMUR FRACTURES AND ESTIMATION OF AVERAGE ANNUAL DEMAND FOR EMERGENCY SURGICAL TREATMENT
Authors: Vorontsova T. N. , Bogopol’skaya A. S. , Cherny A. Z. , Shevchenko S. B.
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study is to examine cohort structure of patients with proximal femoral fractures (PFF) and estimate an average annual demand in emergency surgical treatment for St. Petersburg adult population with mentioned diagnosis. Material and methods. The authors examined case histories and radiographs of 1412 adult patients with proximal femur fractures admitted to three St. Petersburg large general hospitals during one year. Analysis was done using statistical and expert evaluation methods.Results. Cohort structure of patients with PFF demonstrated the following distribution: female – 71,7%, male – 28,3%; Patients of elderly group prevailed: 70 years and older – 70,6%, 60–69 years old – 12%, 50–59 years old – 10,8%; Retirees with various disability status – 80%. Injury structure showed prevalence of femoral neck fractures –52%, pertrochanteric fractures represented 42%, subtrochanteric fractures – 5%. 11,3 days was the average time span from injury till surgery. The authors separately estimated urgent surgical treatment demand for patients with femoral neck fractures and patients with trochanteric fractures. Consequently, both groups results were summed up to generate the total average annual demand for emergency operative treatment for PFF which for adult population of St. Petersburg amounted to 4098 interventions, meaning one surgery per one thousand of adults.Conclusions. Absence of a common consistent approach to treatment of patients with proximal femur fractures as well as significant variance among St. Petersburg hospitals in respect of material, technical and staff resources result in a situation when not every patient with PFF undergoes surgical treatment. There is a strong need to develop and regulate implementation of a standardized treatment algorithm for such injuries, to improve infrastructure and resources of St. Petersburg general hospitals as well as to continuously monitor quality of medical treatment for patients with PFF.
Management of femur and tibia metaphyseal bone defects during revision total knee arthroplasty – methods and outcomes (review)
Authors: Bovkis G. Y. , Kulyaba T. A. , Kornilov N. N.
Published: November 2016

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is becoming an increasingly common treatment for a wide variety of diseases, as well as treatment for consequences from knee injury. The number of primary joint replacement operations have been steadily climbing. As a result, the number of revision procedures have also grown, accounting for 6–8% of arthroplasties. The problem of bone defects compensation remains one of the greatest challenges faced by the surgeon during revision TKA and usually requires a comprehensive approach, careful preoperative planning and preparation. The compensation of small, in depth and extent, bone defects (AORI Type I and II) does not present serious difficulties and their methods are well developed. Whereas the compensation of massive defects (Type 3) is extremely difficult. Until recently, structural allografts were the only method available to surgeons and still remain relevant and demonstrate good results. In recent years, as an alternative, it has become possible to use sleeves and cones made of porous metal, which are also showing very promising mid-term results. This review demonstrates the results from recent studies of mid-term and long-term outcomes of revision TKA, in which different methods of bone defect compensation were used. The clinical evidence did not demonstrate any obvious advantage of using one method over another, therefore, research in this area continues to remain relevant.
MODERN APPROACHES TO SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CHARCOT NEUROARTHROPATHY (review)
Authors: Pavlyuchenko S. V. , Zhdanov A. I. , Orlova I. V.
Published: November 2016

The present review addresses a pressing orthopaedic issue of surgical treatment for patients with severe foot deformities occurring as consequence to Charcot neuroarthropathy. Described pathology is a severe threatening condition causing high risk of infections and potential limb loss. The paper describes main foot reconstructive procedures employed depending on pathology stage and localization as well as identifies ways to improve surgical treatment of affected patients.
Fracture eponyms: personal names
Authors: Zolotov A. S. , Mikhaylov V. V.
Published: November 2016

The paper describes the origin of bone fracture eponyms. The authors compiled a list of 60 most established fracture names proposed by physicians in 16th-20th centuries who mainly were skilled, mature and outstanding experts from countries with advanced conventional medicine and often represented the recognized surgical schools. Eponym records are important for understanding the history and subject of the chosen profession as well as knowledge of eponymic fractures facilitates communication between physicians of allied disciplines.
RESULTS OF THE FOSFOMYCIN APPLICATION FOR THE IMPREGNATION OF BONE REPLACEMENT MATERIALS IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC OSTEOMYELITIS
Authors: Konev V. A. , Bozhkova S. A. , Netylko G. I. , Afanasiev A. V. , Rumakin V. P. , Polyakova E. M. , Rukina A. N. , Parfeev D. G.
Published: November 2016

Aim – to evaluate in the experimental study in vitro the duration of antimicrobial activity of fosfomycin-impregnated bone cement and to study the dynamics of radiological and morphological changes depending on the local antibiotic therapy in two-stage treatment of chronic osteomyelitis in rabbits.Materials and methods. Duration of antimicrobial activity of bone cement (depuy cmw1 gentamicin) with fosfomycin in vitro was studied in comparison to cements with vancomycin and controls without additional antibiotics. Presence of the lysis zone of bacterial cultures was evaluated (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 and ATCC33591, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC33495 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922) after application of 10 μl of the solution, collected from the cement samples after incubation for 24 hours. For the in vivo experiment, Chinchilla rabbits (n = 20) with local osteomyelitis of the tibia underwent two-stage treatment where substitution of the bone defect at stage I was performed with PMMA and stage II – with the bioresorbable material based on hydroxyapatite and triclacium phosphate (ReproBone). In an experience group (n = 10) before setting osteoreplacement materials with fosfomycin (group FOSFO), and by control (n = 10) – vancomycin (group VANCO). X-ray imaging was performed on the 1st and 21st day after installation of the cement spacer, and 45th day after substitution of the spacer with the bioresorbable material. Microbiological analysis of the samples was performed intraoperatively and on the 7th, 14th day after each stage. Histological study was conducted in both groups on the 14th, 21th day after stage I and 45th day after stage II of the treatment.Results. Maximal duration of antimicrobial activity in vitro was observed in samples of PMMA with fosfomycin whereas minimal – in control samples of gentamicin-based bone cement. Relief of the infection was attained in all animals while application of fosfomycin resulted in a more rapid elimination of the bacteria. Reaction of the adjacent tissue to the implanted material and results of X-ray imaging in both groups did not differ significantly. Long duration of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of the bone cement with fosfomycin with the comparable perifocal reaction in vivo necessitates further study of the use of this antibiotic in bioresorbable materials for the treatment of osteomyelitis in clinical practice.
Potensi Korupsi dalam Kebĳakan Publik Studi Kasus Korupsi Program Penanganan Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat di Provinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Riawati Nian
Published: November 2016

Program Penanganan Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat (P2SEM) merupakan salah satu intervensi kebĳakan untuk menghindari adanya kontraksi sosial pasca kenaikan harga BBM. Namun, dalam implementasinya, kebĳakan ini dapat dikategorikan sebagai kebĳakan koruptif yang diambil bersama antara Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Timur dengan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Provinsi JawaTimur. Studi kasus menjadi pilihan dalam penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk menganalisa secara lebih mendalam terkait kasus korupsi P2SEM yang dimulai sejak awal program ini dilahirkan hingga tahap penyaluran dana kelompok pelaksana dan kelompok sasaran program.
Selﬁ e dan Media Sosial pada Seni sebagai Wujud Eksistensi
Authors: Raditya Michael HB
Published: November 2016

This article discusses the existence of individuals that are constructed based arts events. Selﬁ e and socialmedia in arts as a form of existance is the right word to respons upon the development of society. There isa issues would be discuss in this article; discuss about elements of arts existence, commodiﬁ cation of arts,and patterns of consumption. Literature review and ethnography is the method to solve the problem, withqualitative research. The restult of this article are; selﬁ e is the new practice of arts consumption, socialmedia as a ﬁ eld of existence, arts became a major commodity in society. The exchange not only enjoy artsobject, but also there is technology that aims to increase its existence. Social media is new ﬁ eld for societyto show the existence, and when someone selﬁ e with art, would be more prestige. Arts became exist with a different way.
Jejak Perempuan Buruh Migran dalam Masyarakat ASEAN 2015
Authors: Asriani Desintha Dwi , Amalia Ezka
Published: November 2016

In the embodiment blueprint of ASEAN Community 2015, there are three important elements of thepolitical and security pillar, the pillar of economic, social and cultural pillars. Are assumed to be mutuallyreinforcing. However, before the ASEAN Community currently limited to realizing economic growth anddefense. Women migrant workers issues such precisely NOT SIGN hearts 8 Sector The services will beliberalized. Writing the initials of the Women’s Studies That puts the migrant workers Astra Honda Motor as ISU Main hearts ASEAN Community Discourse 2015. Article Search Google using secondary data analysis approach, cCritical notes the issue of women migrant workers and the opportunities that may bemanaged critically describe.
Determination of sialic acids in the nervous system of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.): Effects of aging and development
Authors: Soya Seçkin , Şahar Umut , Yıkılmaz Mehmet , Karaçalı Sabire
Published: November 2016

Sialic acids mainly occur as components on cell surface glycoproteins and
glycolipids. They play a major role in the chemical and biological diversity
of glycoconjugates. Although sialic acids exhibit great structural
variability in vertebrates, glycoconjugates with sialic acids have also been
determined in small amounts in invertebrates. It has been suggested that
sialic acids play important roles in the development and function of the
nervous system. Despite Bombyx mori being a model organism for the
investigation of many physiological processes, sialic acid changes in its
nervous system have not been examined during development and aging.
Therefore, in this study we aimed to determine sialic acid changes in the
nervous system of Bombyx mori during development and aging processes. Liquid
chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and lectin immunohistochemistry were
carried out in order to find variations among different developmental stages.
Developmental stages were selected as 3rd instar (the youngest) and 5th
larval instar (young), motionless prepupa (the oldest) and 13-day-old pupa
(adult development). At all stages, only Neu5Ac was present, however, it
dramatically decreased during the developmental and aging stages. On the
other hand, an increase was observed in the amount of Neu5Ac during the pupal
stage. In immunohistochemistry experiments with Maackia amurensis agglutinin
(MAA) and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) lectins, the obtained staining was
consistent with the obtained LC-MS results. These findings indicate that
sialic acids are abundant at the younger stages but that they decrease in the
insect nervous system during development and aging, similarly as in mammals.
Chemical composition and spasmolytic activity of Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng. (Poaceae) essential oil from Sudan
Authors: Pavlovic Ivan , Omar Eihab , Drobac Milica , Radenkovic Mirjana , Brankovic Suzana , Kovacevic Nada
Published: November 2016

The plants of genus Cymbopogon are well known for their use in traditional
medicine and for their high content of essential oils that are widely used as
flavoring agents, fragrances, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Essential oils
isolated from the dried stems and inflorescence of cultivated Cymbopogon
schoenanthus (L.) Spreng. (Poaceae) collected from Khartoum state (Sudan) in
two periods were studied. The results of chemical analysis of C. schoenanthus
revealed that this plant is rich in essential oil which is a valuable source
of the commercially important monoterpene, piperitone (47.7-71.5%). Other
abundant constituents of the oils were intermedeol (6.1-17.3%), ?-2-carene
(4.5-10.0%) and elemol (2.7-9.0%). The essential oil from the inflorescence
was tested for spasmolytic activity using three different experimental
models: against spontaneous contractions, contractions induced with
acetylcholine and contractions induced with potassium chloride. The oil
exhibited strong, significant and dose-dependent spasmolytic activity,
indicating the possibility for further investigations of this essential oil
for its medicinal purposes or application in food industry.
The relationship between habitat factors and aquatic macrophyte assemblages in the Danube river in Serbia
Authors: Vukov Dragana , Ilic Milos , Cuk Mirjana , Igic Ruzica , Janauer Georg
Published: November 2016

Our objectives were to offer insight into the characteristics of the physical
environment in the River Danube in Serbia; and to show the relationship
between selected environmental factors and the composition and abundance of
macrophyte species. The macrophyte survey method followed the European
Standard EN 14184, applying Kohler?s five-level descriptive scale. Principal
component analysis was carried out to examine the variation in aquatic
vegetation, and to analyze the effect of environmental variables on the
aquatic vegetation, redundancy analysis was used. To build a simpler model
with fewer explanatory variables, yet sufficiently explaining species
variability, forward selection of environmental variables was done. Our
results confirmed that physical environmental factors significantly influence
the establishment and structure of macrophyte vegetation, with the level of
hydrological connectivity to the main river channel being the most important,
followed by the transparency of the water column, sediment texture and
water-flow velocity. In order to inspect the individual relation between
best-fitted plant species and each of selected environmental variables,
Spearman?s rank correlation coefficients were calculated. We have
distinguished plant species with preferences to specific combinations of
analyzed factors. Our results provide a background for future, more specific
studies on the macrophyte/habitat relationship.
Acute triventricular hydrocephalus caused by choroid plexus cysts: a diagnostic and neurosurgical challenge
Authors: Spennato Pietro , Chiaramonte Carmela , Cicala Domenico , Donofrio Vittoria , Barbarisi Manlio , Nastro Anna , Mirone Giuseppe , Trischitta Vincenzo , Cinalli Giuseppe
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE

Intraventricular choroid plexus cysts are unusual causes of acute hydrocephalus in children. Radiological diagnosis of intraventricular choroid plexus cysts is difficult because they have very thin walls and fluid contents similar to CSF and can go undetected on routine CT studies.

METHODS

This study reports the authors' experience with 5 patients affected by intraventricular cysts originating from the choroid plexus. All patients experienced acute presentation with rapid neurological deterioration, sometimes associated with hypothalamic dysfunction, and required urgent surgery. In 2 cases the symptoms were intermittent, with spontaneous remission and sudden clinical deteriorations, reflecting an intermittent obstruction of the CSF pathway.

RESULTS

Radiological diagnosis was difficult in these cases because a nonenhanced CT scan revealed only triventricular hydrocephalus, with slight lateral ventricle asymmetry in all cases. MRI with driven-equilibrium sequences and CT ventriculography (in 1 case) allowed the authors to accurately diagnose the intraventricular cysts that typically occupied the posterior part of the third ventricle, occluding the aqueduct and at least 1 foramen of Monro. The patients were managed by urgent implantation of an external ventricular drain in 1 case (followed by endoscopic surgery, after completing a diagnostic workup) and by urgent endoscopic surgery in 4 cases. Endoscopic surgery allowed the shrinkage and near-complete removal of the cysts in all cases. Use of neuronavigation and a laser were indispensable. All procedures were uneventful, resulting in restoration of normal neurological conditions. Long-term follow-up (> 2 years) was available for 2 patients, and no complications or recurrences occurred.

CONCLUSIONS

This case series emphasizes the necessity of an accurate and precise identification of the possible causes of triventricular hydrocephalus. Endoscopic surgery can be considered the ideal treatment of choroid plexus cysts in children.
Experimental and numerical simulation of magnetic pulses for joining of dissimilar materials with dissimilar geometry using electromagnetic welding process
Authors: Muthukumaran S. , Senthil Kumar A. , Vendan S. Arungalai , Kudiyarasan S.
Published: November 2016

In this paper the joining of dissimilar metal couple SS-Cu employing the magnetic pulse welding (MPW) technique that deploys magnetic pressure to force the primary metal against the target metal cleansing away contaminants from surface while driving intimate metal-to-metal contact, producing a weld. MPW process is very fast, produces no heat affected zone (HAZ) and may be performed without filler metals and protective gases. Nevertheless, a thin film (10 to 40 μ m) of two welded metals in the form of intermetallic phases were observed, in which melting and solidification processes took place. This paper focuses on the interface for studying the typical wavy pattern and mutual diffusion of elements happening in the zone. The transition zone is composed of elements intermetallics, micro cracks and micro pores. The weld interface composition, structure and morphology were studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) was used in order to evaluate the local distribution of alloying elements at the joint interface and its vicinity and also Nano-hardness tests were performed across the bonding zone at regular increments. The results of joints characterization allowed determining the optimal MPW process parameters.
Electromagnetic noise of pantograph arc under low current conditions
Authors: Guo Fengyi , Wang Zhiyong , Zheng Zhiqiang , Zhang Jihua , Wang He
Published: November 2016

With the continuous increase of electric locomotive running speed, electromagnetic noise of pantograph arc gets more and more serious and has become a kind of safety risk of electric railway's operation. With the self-developed electromagnetic noise experimental system, 66 groups of radiation electromagnetic noise experiments were carried out by changing contact pressure, contact current and sliding speed. The experimental circuit was powered by a 220VAC low current source. The experimental materials are immersed copper-carbon slide and Cu contact wire respectively. Electromagnetic noise of pantograph arc mainly distributes in 30-570 MHz, and the noise in 30-60 MHz band is obviously higher than that of background. With the increase of frequency, the electromagnetic noise firstly decreases, then increases, and finally decreases to background noise. When the speed is lower than the critical condition of generating pantograph arc, the electromagnetic noise is independent of contact pressure and the amplitude is very small. When the speed is between 30 km/h and 40 km/h, the noise reduces with the increase of contact pressure. When the speed is higher than 50 km/h, the electromagnetic noise becomes intensive and fluctuates with the increase of contact pressure. It can be used to further research on the suppression methods of the electromagnetic noise emission.
A global particle swarm optimization algorithm applied to electromagnetic design problem
Authors: Khan Shafiullah , Yang Shiyou , Ur Rehman Obaid
Published: November 2016

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a stochastic search algorithm inspired from the natural behavior of insects and birds. Due to its few controlling parameters and easiness in implementations, PSO is very popular among other optimal algorithms. However, PSO is often trapped into local optima while solving high dimensional, complicated inverse and multimodal objective problems. To tackle this difficulty, an improved PSO, having an adaptive, dynamic and an improved parameter, is proposed. The adaptive and dynamic parameters will bring balance between the exploration and exploitation search abilities while the improved parameter controls the diversity of the population at the final stages of the search process. The experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed PSO is better as compared to other well designed variants.
Electromagnetic characteristic analysis of the series transformer in UPFC system
Authors: Wang Shuaibing , Li Lin , Xie Yuqing , Zhao Guoliang
Published: November 2016

The operation conditions of series transformer in Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) system are analyzed, and a shell-type structural scheme is proposed in this paper. Taking into account the nonlinear characteristic and the eddy current effect of the ferromagnetic materials, the effective complex permeability is adopted to calculate the nonlinear reluctance of the core, and an electromagnetic transient model of the series transformer is presented based on the duality theory of electric circuit and magnetic circuit, which is one key part of the comprehensive simulation model of UPFC. Besides, the improved magnetic circuit method is coupled with the electric circuit to analyze the special three-phase asymmetrical DC bias phenomenon of series transformer. Some experiments about no-load switching and asymmetrical DC bias on a low-voltage series transformer prototype have been done to verify the transient model and the improved magnetic circuit method, respectively. Finally, the reactive power of the no-load series transformer prototype under asymmetrical DC bias is calculated, the results indicate that the variation of the reactive power of series transformer under asymmetrical DC bias becomes more complicated, which increases the difficulty of voltage regulation in UPFC system.
Design of dual-band coil for wireless power transfer system via magnetic resonant coupling
Authors: Li Ran , Li Lin
Published: November 2016

For wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, communication between the two terminals of power transfer system is also an important problem to be solved. This paper proposes a design method of multi-turn dual-band coil for implementing synchronous transfer of power and data in WPT system with one set of WPT coils. An extra compensation circuit is inserted into the multi-turn spiral coil, so the new coil has two resonant frequencies that lie on both sides of the original resonant frequency of the multi-turn coil. Just one set of dual-band coils is used to provide the data and power transfer via two different resonant frequencies, so the undesirable interference in multi-coil WPT system is avoided. The equivalent circuit model is built to analyze the characteristic of the dual-band WPT system. The data pickup circuit is analyzed and designed for the receiver of WPT system. Finally, a dual-band WPT prototype with data pickup circuit is built to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dual-band WPT system.
Development of novel symmetrical electrode metal-core piezoelectric fibers for an application as airflow sensors
Authors: Bian Yixiang , Huang Huiyu , Can He , Dai Longchao , Hong Jin , Hui Shen
Published: November 2016

Crickets and many other orthopteran insects can detect an impinging airflow using mechanosensory hairs located on their cerci. Inspired by these filiform mechanosensory hairs, a new symmetrical electrodes metal-core piezoelectric fiber (SMPF) was designed and fabricated as a building block for future airflow sensors. This novel type of airflow sensor was produced utilizing the extrusion method and high-temperature sintering. A metal core was basically located at the center of the fiber and surrounded by a hollow cylinder of ceramic material. Two thin metal films were spray-coated symmetrically on the surface of the fiber on opposite sides. After successful polarization, the two surface metal layers could be used as sensor electrodes. This way, a cantilevered SMPF was able to detect the strength and direction of an impinging airflow. A theoretical model of the SMPF airflow sensor was established and validated by the experimental results. The results further showed that the electric charge generated on the electrodes of a cantilevered SMPF grows exponentially with the airflow strength, and that it is proportional to the cosine of the airflow direction.
Inverse system modeling and decoupling control of bearingless induction motor based on air gap flux orientation
Authors: Bu Wenshao , Cheng Xianghui , He Fangzhou , Qiao Yanke , Zhang Haitao , Xu Xingyuan
Published: November 2016

Three-phase bearingless induction motor is a multivariable, nonlinear and strong coupling object, to achieve its decoupling control with high performance, an inverse system decoupling control strategy based on air gap flux orientation is proposed. Under the conditions of air gap flux orientation of torque system, the stator currents of torque winding and suspension winding are taken as input variables, and the inverse system mathematical model of bearingless induction motor is established; adopting the inverse system method, the bearingless induction motor is decoupled into four pseudo linear subsystems, include motor speed first-order integral subsystem, air gap flux-linkage first-order integral subsystem, α and β displacement components second-order integral subsystems. The structure of decoupling control system is presented also. From the simulation results, it is clear that not only the air gap flux-linkage of torque system can be controlled accurately and directly, but also the dynamic decoupling control between motor speed, air gap flux-linkage of torque system and two radial displacement components can be achieved; Meanwhile, the control system has the characteristics of small overshoot and fast response speed.
Community Structure Detection for Directed Networks through Modularity Optimisation
Authors: Yang Lingjian , Silva Jonathan , Papageorgiou Lazaros , Tsoka Sophia
Published: November 2016

Networks constitute powerful means of representing various types of complex systems, where nodes denote the system entities and edges express the interactions between the entities. An important topological property in complex networks is community structure, where the density of edges within subgraphs is much higher than across different subgraphs. Each of these subgraphs forms a community (or module). In literature, a metric called modularity is defined that measures the quality of a partition of nodes into different mutually exclusive communities. One means of deriving community structure is modularity maximisation. In this paper, a novel mathematical programming-based model, DiMod, is proposed that tackles the problem of maximising modularity for directed networks.
Development of a Nonlinear Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Alternating Air Load
Authors: Wang Yingting , Fu Xianpeng , Cheng Tinghai , Lu Xiaohui , Gao Haibo , Bao Gang , Zhao Xilu
Published: November 2016

The demand for energy-harvesting technology is steadily growing in the field of self-powered wireless sensor systems for use in pneumatic systems. The purpose of this research was to study an energy harvester excited by alternating air load in a pneumatic system. The harvester was designed to consist of a power chamber and a compressed chamber, and to the bottom of the power chamber a piezoelectric patch as been affixed. The harvester is excited by the changing pressure, which can be adjusted through changing volume, and the alternating air pressure energy can be harvested through the deformation of the piezoelectric patch. A test system was built and a prototype device was tested under various experimental conditions. The test results show that the energy generation performance of the harvester can be influenced by varying the volume compression parameters, with the output voltage increasing when the flow increases. The maximal output voltage and power are 24.7 V and 1.06 mW, respectively. An effective power of 0.28 mW was measured across the 200 kΩ resistor at a pressure of 200 kPa and a cycle time of 2.5 s with a flow of 150 L/min.
Strategy and Evaluation of Vehicle Collision Avoidance Control via Hardware-in-the-Loop Platform
Authors: Chen Sin-Li , Cheng Chang-Yi , Hu Jia-Sheng , Jiang Jinn-Feng , Chang Tsu-Kun , Wei Hung-Yuan
Published: November 2016

This paper proposes a novel control approach for vehicle collision avoidance of urban vehicles. For safe driving in urban environments, this paper presents both one-dimensional and two-dimensional solutions, which can be applied to the collision avoidance via steering assistance, automatic braking, and warning of collision. Strategies are verified under the software CarSim, and the experimental evaluations are carried out under the combination of CarSim with a hardware-in-the-loop platform. The results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on vehicle collision avoidance.
Auto-Mapping and Configuration Method of IEC 61850 Information Model Based on OPC UA
Authors: Shin In-Jae , Song Byung-Kwen , Eom Doo-Seop
Published: November 2016

The open-platform communication (OPC) unified architecture (UA) (IEC62541) is introduced as a key technology for realizing a variety of smart grid (SG) use cases enabling relevant automation and control tasks. The OPC UA can expand interoperability between power systems. The top-level SG management platform needs independent middleware to transparently manage the power information technology (IT) systems, including the IEC 61850. To expand interoperability between the power system for a large number of stakeholders and various standards, this paper focuses on the IEC 61850 for the digital substation. In this paper, we propose the interconnection method to integrate communication with OPC UA and convert OPC UA AddressSpace using system configuration description language (SCL) of IEC 61850. We implemented the mapping process for the verification of the interconnection method. The interconnection method in this paper can expand interoperability between power systems for OPC UA integration for various data structures in the smart grid.
A Long Baseline Three Carrier Ambiguity Resolution with a New Ionospheric Constraint
Authors: Ning Yafei , Yuan Yunbin , Huang Zhen , Chai Yanju , Tan Bingfeng
Published: November 2016

Global navigation satellite sensors can transmit three frequency signals. When the classical three-carrier ambiguity resolution (TCAR) is applied to long baselines of hundreds of kilometres, the narrow-lane integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) is affected by the remaining double-differenced (DD) ionospheric delays. As such, large amounts of observational data are typically needed for successful recovery. To strengthen ionospheric delays, we analysed the combination of three frequency signals and a new ambiguity-free ionospheric combination where the least amount of noise is defined, which is enhanced with epoch-differenced ionospheric delays to provide better absolute ionospheric delay and temporal change. To optimize ionosphere estimations, we propose defining the optimal smoothing length, and also propose a strategy to diagnose wrongly determined ionospheric estimations. With such ionospheric information, we can obtain the ionosphere-weighted model by incorporating the ionospheric information to the geometry-based model and use the real triple-frequency observations to evaluate our method. Our results show that the precision of ionospheric estimations from our new ionospheric model is 25% higher than that from the current combination method and that it can provide real-time smoothed ionospheric delay with magnitudes defined to the nearest centimetre. Additionally, using ionospheric estimation as a constraint, the ionosphere-weighted model requires 20% less time to generate the first-fixed solution (TFFS) than the geometry-based model.