bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of occlusal loading on peri-implant inflammatory cytokines in crevicular fluid: a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Viña-Almunia Jose , Pellicer-Chover Hilario , García-Mira Berta , Romero-Millán Javier , Peñarrocha-Oltra David , Peñarrocha-Diago Miguel
Published: October 2020

Objective

The objective of the study was to evaluate the relation between occlusal loading and peri-implant crevicular fluid cytokine expression in patients with implant-supported complete fixed prostheses in both arches.

Material and methods

A prospective longitudinal clinical study was performed at a university clinic. Fifteen patients were selected and 11 were included. All patients had bimaxillary implant-supported complete fixed ceramo-metallic prostheses loaded at least 12 months before the beginning of the study. Allocation was established for each patient using a computerized occlusal analysis system. The test implant was the maxillary implant closest to the point of highest occlusal loading. The maxillary implant with least loading was the control implant. Occlusal adjustment was performed using a round diamond burr. This occlusal distribution was verified with the occlusal analysis system. Expression of cytokines from peri-implant crevicular fluid (TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8) were recorded and analyzed in both test and control implants before (baseline: T0) and 2 (T1) and 12 months (T2) after occlusal adjustment. The Brunner-Langer non-parametric test was performed.

Results

At T0, the expression of IL-10 was significantly higher in the test group implants (p = 0.018). Between T0 and T1, the expression of all the cytokines decreased in the implants of both groups with statistically significant differences, except for TNF (p = 0.271). When comparing both groups at T1, there was no statistically significant difference in any of the analyzed cytokines. At T2, TNF-α suffered when compared with baseline, a statistical decrease in both study and control implants (p < 0,001). At T2, there were no statistically significant differences between groups in any of the cytokines analyzed.

Conclusions

Implants with higher occlusal load presented higher expression of IL-10 in peri-implant crevicular fluid. Occlusal adjustment produced a decrease in the expression of all the analyzed cytokines, both in test and control implants.
Contact dermatitis associated with the Bispectral index™ sensor: a case report
Authors: Taguchi Noriko , Taguchi Shijima , Ishizuki Syoichiro , Ito Hiroyuki
Published: October 2020

Background

Contact dermatitis caused by electroencephalography electrodes is rare and insufficiently studied. We described a case of contact dermatitis caused by Bispectral Index (BIS) monitor electrodes.

Case presentation

A 38-year-old woman underwent tooth extraction under general anesthesia with BIS monitoring. She noticed erythema on her forehead 3 days after surgery, which peaked on the fifth postoperative day. Slight pigmentation was observed at 42 days after surgery. We performed patch testing and confirmed positive reactions to the sensor and some allergens.

Conclusions

Many reports have attributed contact dermatitis to an allergen present in electrocardiogram electrodes. It is important to recognize that complications similar to those caused by electrocardiogram electrodes can occur with this sensor.
Resemblance and clustering of mother’s and father’s psychopathology levels among Chinese parents of schoolchildren with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Gao Yuan , Liu Yunyong , Wang Ping , An Xiaoxia , Xu Shaohe , Yu Fei , Chen Qian , Li Yuying , Wang Shuangling , Lv Jianda , Pan Guowei , Wang Ping
Published: October 2020

Background

Few studies have assessed the characteristics of spousal psychopathologies among parents of schoolchildren with and without psychological disorders (PD) in China.

Methods

Parental symptoms were measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) in 275 mothers and 278 fathers of 298 schoolchildren with PDs diagnosed in a population survey and in 825 mothers and 834 fathers of 894 schoolchildren without PDs as a 1:3 matched comparison group. Spousal GHQ scores were compared. Childhood PD type, presence of childhood comorbidities, and multiple parental and family characteristics were examined as predictors for parental GHQ scores by multiple linear regression analyses.

Results

The GHQ scores were significantly higher among mothers and fathers of children with any PD. Maternal GHQ scores were higher than paternal scores and significantly correlated with paternal GHQ scores in both groups. Spousal GHQ, personal PD history, and childhood PD comorbidity were significant independent predictors of both parents’ GHQ scores. There were also significant associations among parental chronic disease, low family income, and paternal and maternal GHQ score, as well as among low maternal education, less common disorder (LCD) prevalence in children and maternal GHQ score. The rate of GHQ score ≥3 for both parents was significantly higher in the study group than the control group (15.1 vs.7.0%).

Conclusions

Parents of children with any PD type demonstrate significantly elevated psychopathologies, and psychopathology tends to occur concomitantly and resemble that of the other spouse. Screening and treatment of parental psychiatric symptoms will benefit all family members.
Clinical Utility and User Perceptions of a Digital System for Electronic Patient-Reported Symptom Monitoring During Routine Cancer Care: Findings From the PRO-TECT Trial
Authors: Basch Ethan , Stover Angela M. , Schrag Deborah , Chung Arlene , Jansen Jennifer , Henson Sydney , Carr Philip , Ginos Brenda , Deal Allison , Spears Patricia A. , Jonsson Mattias , Bennett Antonia V. , Mody Gita , Thanarajasingam Gita , Rogak Lauren J. , Reeve Bryce B. , Snyder Claire , Kottschade Lisa A. , Charlot Marjory , Weiss Anna , Bruner Deborah , Dueck Amylou C.
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE

There is increasing interest in implementing digital systems for remote monitoring of patients’ symptoms during routine oncology practice. Information is limited about the clinical utility and user perceptions of these systems.

METHODS

PRO-TECT is a multicenter trial evaluating implementation of electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) among adults with advanced and metastatic cancers receiving treatment at US community oncology practices (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03249090 ). Questions derived from the Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) are administered weekly by web or automated telephone system, with alerts to nurses for severe or worsening symptoms. To elicit user feedback, surveys were administered to participating patients and clinicians.

RESULTS

Among 496 patients across 26 practices, the majority found the system and questions easy to understand (95%), easy to use (93%), and relevant to their care (91%). Most patients reported that PRO information was used by their clinicians for care (70%), improved discussions with clinicians (73%), made them feel more in control of their own care (77%), and would recommend the system to other patients (89%). Scores for most patient feedback questions were significantly positively correlated with weekly PRO completion rates in both univariate and multivariable analyses. Among 57 nurses, most reported that PRO information was helpful for clinical documentation (79%), increased efficiency of patient discussions (84%), and was useful for patient care (75%). Among 39 oncologists, most found PRO information useful (91%), with 65% using PROs to guide patient discussions sometimes or often and 65% using PROs to make treatment decisions sometimes or often.

CONCLUSION

These findings support the clinical utility and value of implementing digital systems for monitoring PROs, including the PRO-CTCAE, in routine cancer care.
Clone Wars: Quantitatively Understanding Cancer Drug Resistance
Authors: Yates James W. T. , Mistry Hitesh
Published: October 2020

A key aim of early clinical development for new cancer treatments is to detect the potential for efficacy early and to identify a safe therapeutic dose to take forward to phase II. Because of this need, researchers have sought to build mathematical models linking initial radiologic tumor response, often assessed after 6 to 8 weeks of treatment, with overall survival. However, there has been mixed success of this approach in the literature. We argue that evolutionary selection pressure should be considered to interpret these early efficacy signals and so optimize cancer therapy.
Long-Term Toxicity and Efficacy of Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy in Cervical Cancers: Experience of a Cancer Hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Mansha Muhammad Atif , Sadaf Tabinda , Waheed Asmara , Munawar Amna , Rashid Asma , Chaudry Samreen Javed
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE

To report the chronic toxicity and disease outcomes attributable to intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in patients with cervical cancer.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

Between January 2014 and December 2018, a retrospective review of medical records of patients with cervical cancer who received radiation therapy with IMRT was performed. Disease and treatment-related details were documented. Follow-up notes were reviewed, and severity of late toxicities was recorded. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) at 3 years were estimated.

RESULTS

A total of 222 patients’ records were reviewed. Mean age was 50.7 years. Median follow-up duration was 33 months (range, 2-70 months). The most common toxicity was vaginal stricture (grade 2, n = 59, 26.6%; grade 3, n = 4, 1.80%), followed by proctitis (grade 2, n = 24; 10.8%; grade 3, n = 7; 3.20%). Seven patients (grade 2, n = 5, 2.3%; grade 3, n = 2; 0.90%) developed cystitis, and only 5 (grade 2; 2.3%) were found to have colitis. None of the patients had grade 4 or grade 5 toxicities. There was a significant difference in late complications in patients with nodal disease or those who underwent prior surgery ( P < .05). Three-year OS and DFS rates were 79.7% and 81.9%, respectively. Patients with tumor size > 5 cm and those with pelvic lymph node metastasis had poor survival rates ( P < .05).

CONCLUSION

IMRT is an effective and well-tolerated technique that should be considered in patients with lymph node disease and in postoperative patients. There is an inverse relationship between tumor size and nodal involvement with respect to OS and DFS.
Prospective Multicenter Study of Circulating Tumor Cell AR-V7 and Taxane Versus Hormonal Treatment Outcomes in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Armstrong Andrew J. , Luo Jun , Nanus David M. , Giannakakou Paraskevi , Szmulewitz Russell Z. , Danila Daniel C. , Healy Patrick , Anand Monika , Berry William R. , Zhang Tian , Harrison Michael R. , Lu Changxue , Chen Yan , Galletti Giuseppe , Schonhoft Joseph D. , Scher Howard I. , Wenstrup Richard , Tagawa Scott T. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , George Daniel J. , Halabi Susan
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE

Androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) detection in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is associated with a low probability of response and short progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with enzalutamide or abiraterone. However, it is unclear whether such men benefit from taxane chemotherapy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

PROPHECY is a multicenter prospective blinded study of patients with poor-risk mCRPC starting abiraterone or enzalutamide and observed through subsequent progression and taxane chemotherapy. We assessed AR-V7 status using the Johns Hopkins modified AdnaTest CTC AR-V7 messenger RNA assay and the Epic Sciences CTC nuclear-localized AR-V7 protein assay before treatment. The primary objective was to validate the independent prognostic value of CTC AR-V7 status based on radiographic/clinical PFS. OS, confirmed prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and objective radiologic responses were secondary end points.

RESULTS

We enrolled 118 men with mCRPC treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide, 51 of whom received subsequent docetaxel or cabazitaxel. Pretreatment CTC AR-V7 status by the Johns Hopkins and Epic Sciences assays was independently associated with worse PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.9 and HR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0 to 4.4, respectively) and OS (HR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.7 to 6.3 and HR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.4 to 6.3, respectively) and a low probability of confirmed PSA responses, ranging from 0% to 11%, during treatment with abiraterone or enzalutamide. At progression, subsequent CTC AR-V7 detection was not associated with an inferior PSA or radiographic response or worse PFS or OS with subsequent taxane chemotherapy after adjusting for CellSearch CTC enumeration and clinical prognostic factors.

CONCLUSION

Detection of AR-V7 in CTCs by two different blood-based assays is independently associated with shorter PFS and OS with abiraterone or enzalutamide, but such men with AR-V7–positive disease still experience clinical benefits from taxane chemotherapy.
Differentiation of ciliated human midbrain-derived LUHMES neurons
Authors: Lauter Gilbert , Coschiera Andrea , Yoshihara Masahito , Sugiaman-Trapman Debora , Ezer Sini , Sethurathinam Shalini , Katayama Shintaro , Kere Juha , Swoboda Peter
Published: October 2020

Many human cell types are ciliated, including neural progenitors and differentiated neurons. Ciliopathies are characterized by defective cilia and comprise various disease states, including brain phenotypes, where the underlying biological pathways are largely unknown. Our understanding of neuronal cilia is rudimentary, and an easy-to-maintain, ciliated human neuronal cell model is absent. The Lund human mesencephalic (LUHMES) cell line is a ciliated neuronal cell line derived from human fetal mesencephalon. LUHMES cells can easily be maintained and differentiated into mature, functional neurons within one week. They have a single primary cilium as proliferating progenitor cells and as postmitotic, differentiating neurons. These developmental stages are completely separable within one day of culture condition change. The sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is active in differentiating LUHMES neurons. RNA-sequencing timecourse analyses reveal molecular pathways and gene-regulatory networks critical for ciliogenesis and axon outgrowth at the interface between progenitor cell proliferation, polarization and neuronal differentiation. Gene expression dynamics of cultured LUHMES neurons faithfully mimic the corresponding in vivo dynamics of human fetal midbrain. In LUHMES cells, neuronal cilia biology can be investigated from proliferation through differentiation to mature neurons.
Devotion and Development: Religiosity, Education, and Economic Progress in Nineteenth-Century France
Authors: Squicciarini Mara P.
Published: October 2020

This paper studies when religion can hamper diffusion of knowledge and economic development, and through which mechanism. I examine Catholicism in France during the Second Industrial Revolution (1870–1914). In this period, technology became skill-intensive, leading to the introduction of technical education in primary schools. I find that more religious locations had lower economic development after 1870. Schooling appears to be the key mechanism: more religious areas saw a slower adoption of the technical curriculum and a push for religious education. In turn, religious education was negatively associated with industrial development 10 to 15 years later, when schoolchildren entered the labor market. (JEL D83, I21, I26, N33, Z12)
Arrival of Young Talent: The Send-Down Movement and Rural Education in China
Authors: Chen Yi , Fan Ziying , Gu Xiaomin , Zhou Li-An
Published: October 2020

This paper estimates the effects on rural education of the send-down movement during the Cultural Revolution, when about 16 million urban youth were mandated to resettle in the countryside. Using a county-level dataset compiled from local gazetteers and population censuses, we show that greater exposure to the sent-down youths significantly increased rural children’s educational achievement. This positive effect diminished after the urban youth left the countryside in the late 1970s but never disappeared. Rural children who interacted with the sent-down youths were also more likely to pursue more-skilled occupations, marry later, and have smaller families than those who did not. (JEL I21, J13, J24, N35, O15, P36, R23)
Biology-guided radiotherapy: redefining the role of radiotherapy in metastatic cancer
Authors: Shirvani Shervin M , Huntzinger Calvin J , Melcher Thorsten , Olcott Peter D , Voronenko Yevgen , Bartlett-Roberto Judy , Mazin Samuel
Published: October 2020

The emerging biological understanding of metastatic cancer and proof-of-concept clinical trials suggest that debulking all gross disease holds great promise for improving patient outcomes. However, ablation of multiple targets with conventional external beam radiotherapy systems is burdensome, which limits investigation and utilization of complete metastatic ablation in the majority of patients with advanced disease. To overcome this logistical hurdle, technical innovation is necessary. Biology-guided radiotherapy (BgRT) is a new external beam radiotherapy delivery modality combining positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) with a 6 MV linear accelerator. The key innovation is continuous response of the linear accelerator to outgoing tumor PET emissions with beamlets of radiotherapy at subsecond latency. This allows the deposited dose to track tumors in real time. Multiple new hardware and algorithmic advances further facilitate this low-latency feedback process. By transforming tumors into their own fiducials after intravenous injection of a radiotracer, BgRT has the potential to enable complete metastatic ablation in a manner efficient for a single patient and scalable to entire populations with metastatic disease. Future trends may further enhance the utility of BgRT in the clinic as this technology dovetails with other innovations in radiotherapy, including novel dose painting and fractionation schemes, radiomics, and new radiotracers.
TAPAS: Towards Automated Processing and Analysis of multi-dimensional bioimage data
Authors: Gilles Jean-François , Boudier Thomas
Published: October 2020

Modern microscopy is based on reproducible quantitative analysis, image data should be batch-processed by a standardized system that can be shared and easily reused by others. Furthermore such system should require none or minimal programming from the users.

We developed TAPAS (Towards an Automated Processing and Analysis System). The goal is to design an easy system for describing and exchanging processing workflows. The protocols are simple text files comprising a linear list of commands used to process and analyse the images. An extensive set of 60 modules is already available, mostly based on the tools proposed in the 3D ImageJ Suite.

We propose a wizard, called TAPAS menu, to help the user design her protocol by listing the available modules and the parameters associated. Most modules will have default parameters values for most common tasks. Once the user has designed her protocol, she can apply the protocol to a set of images, that can be either stored locally or on a OMERO database.

An extensive documentation including the list of modules, various tutorials and link to the source code is available at https://imagej.net/TAPAS.
Cyberprzestrzeń w stanach nadzwyczajnych w Polsce - perspektywa porównawcza
Authors: Warchoł Agnieszka
Published: October 2020

Cyberspace in States of Emergency in PolandThe aim of the article is to present cyberspace in the regulations on states of emergency in the legal system in Poland. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland in Chapter IX regulates the issue of “States of emergency”. Each of these situations is also regulates by separate acts. The article presents these acts and answers the question why “cyberspace” was introducted into the Polish law in these acts. The article is divided into several parts – introduction, information about the amendment act, and finally the discussion of individual acts.
Kulturowe aspekty sporu wokół form upamiętnienia KL Plaszow w Krakowie
Authors: Porąbka Sylwia
Published: October 2020

Cultural Aspects of the Dispute Regarding Forms of Commemoration of KL Plaszow in KrakowThe “Museum – Memorial site KL Plaszow” has been the subject of dispute between the authorities of Krakow and residents of the district since 2013. The conflict concerns the management of land on which the former concentration camp once stretched. Parties to the dispute have different concepts on how to commemorate the site. Differences in their views relate to: a/ forms and scope of area fencing, b/ nature protection, c/ permitted activities and specification of functions of individual parts of the former camp, d/ the positioning of the participants of the conflict, e/ creation of historical narration, f/ economic dimension of the Museum – Memorial site KL Plaszow. The article focuses on analyzing narration among individual parties and presenting the dispute in terms of R. Dahrendorf and L. A. Coser’s social conflict.
Recenzja IV numeru rocznika „Teoria Polityki”
Authors: Hoffmann Marta
Published: October 2020

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Continous-wave lasing operation of 1.3-μm wavelength InP-based photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers using MOVPE regrowth
Authors: Itoh Yuhki , Kono Naoya , Fujiwara Naoki , Yagi Hideki , Katsuyama Tomokazu , Kitamura Takamitsu , Fujii Kosuke , Ekawa Mitsuru , Shoji Hajime , Inoue Takuya , Zoysa Menaka De , Ishizaki Kenji , Noda Susumu
Published: October 2020

We report on electrically driven InP-based photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs), which possess a deep-air-hole photonic crystal (PC) structure underneath an active region formed by metal-organic vapor-phase-epitaxial (MOVPE) regrowth. Single-mode continuous-wave (CW) lasing operation in 1.3-μm wavelength is successfully achieved at a temperature of 15°C. It is shown that the enhancement of lateral growth during the MOVPE regrowth process of air holes enables the formation of deep air holes with an atomically flat and thin overlayer, whose thickness is less than 100 nm. A threshold current of 120 mA (threshold current density = 0.68 kA/cm2) is obtained in a device with a diameter of 150 μm. A doughnut-like far-field pattern with the narrow beam divergence of less than 1° is observed. Strong optical confinement in the PC structure is revealed from measurements of the photonic band structure, and this strong optical confinement leads to the single-mode CW lasing operation with a low threshold current density.
Dithered depth imaging
Authors: Rapp Joshua , Dawson Robin M. A. , Goyal Vivek K
Published: October 2020

Single-photon lidar (SPL) is a promising technology for depth measurement at long range or from weak reflectors because of the sensitivity to extremely low light levels. However, constraints on the timing resolution of existing arrays of single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detectors limit the precision of resulting depth estimates. In this work, we describe an implementation of subtractively-dithered SPL that can recover high-resolution depth estimates despite the coarse resolution of the detector. Subtractively-dithered measurement is achieved by adding programmable delays into the photon timing circuitry that introduce relative time shifts between the illumination and detection that are shorter than the time bin duration. Careful modeling of the temporal instrument response function leads to an estimator that outperforms the sample mean and results in depth estimates with up to 13 times lower root mean-squared error than if dither were not used. The simple implementation and estimation suggest that globally dithered SPAD arrays could be used for high spatial- and temporal-resolution depth sensing.
Dy-doped Y2O3 transparent ceramics as a mid-infrared laser medium and saturable absorber
Authors: Yasuhara Ryo , Uehara Hiyori , Yao Weichao , Chen Hengjun , Tokita Shigeki , Furuse Hiroaki
Published: October 2020

Transparent Dy:Y2O3 ceramics with various doping concentrations were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Their optical characteristics, including emission cross-sections and nonlinear absorption properties, were evaluated. The results show that Dy:Y2O3 ceramics are promising as a new candidate for 3-μm laser gain medium and passive Q-switch material. A passive Q-switching of a 2795 nm Er:YAP laser with a Dy:Y2O3 ceramic saturable absorber was performed to demonstrate the potential of this material.
Automatische Wiedererkennung von individuellen Objekten mit dem Dynamic Anchoring Agent
Authors: Günther Martin , Kammler Friedemann , Ferdinand Oliver , Hertzberg Joachim , Thomas Oliver , Zielinski Oliver
Published: October 2020

Individuelle Objekte spielen im Alltag eine zentrale Rolle und machen deren Unterscheidung zu einer wichtigen Voraussetzung für den Einsatz von Robotik. Die Herausforderung liegt dabei nicht allein in der sensorischen Wahrnehmung, sondern auch in der Verknüpfung mit vorhandenem Wissen: So können zwei für Verfahren der Objekterkennung identische Gegenstände durch ihre Funktion („Der Akkuschrauber, den ich zuletzt genutzt habe“) oder ihren Umgebungskontext („Die Tasse auf meinem Tisch“) eine eindeutige Zuordnung erhalten. Die Robotik adressiert diese Herausforderung unter dem Begriff des Anchorings, also der Fähigkeit, individuelle Objekte eindeutig zu erkennen und anhand ihres Kontexts wiederzuerkennen, sobald sie einmal aus dem Wahrnehmungsbereich gelangt sind. Auf technischer Ebene besteht dabei das Problem, Beziehungen zwischen Sensordaten und Symbolen in einer Wissensbasis herzustellen und so physische Objekte konkret zu adressieren. Der Beitrag stellt das Anchoring-Problem sowie den Dynamic Anchoring Agent (DAA) als einen Lösungsansatz vor. Anhand von zwei realen Anwendungsszenarien wird der Einsatz des DAA demonstriert: Anhand eines MakerSpaces werden die Möglichkeiten zur erweiterten Kooperation zwischen Menschen und Robotern gezeigt - beispielsweise durch die Suche und Identifikation von persönlichem Werkzeug oder benötigten Produktionsmaterialien. Eine zweite Anwendung verdeutlicht am Beispiel eines Yachthafens den weiterführenden Einsatz in dynamischen Umgebungen.
Improving homology modeling from low-sequence identity templates in Rosetta: A case study in GPCRs
Authors: Bender Brian Joseph , Marlow Brennica , Meiler Jens
Published: October 2020

As sequencing methodologies continue to advance, the availability of protein sequences far outpaces the ability of structure determination. Homology modeling is used to bridge this gap but relies on high-identity templates for accurate model building. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a significant target class for pharmaceutical therapies in which homology modeling could fill the knowledge gap for structure-based drug design. To date, only about 17% of druggable GPCRs have had their structures characterized at atomic resolution. However, modeling of the remaining 83% is hindered by the low sequence identity between receptors. Here we test key inputs in the model building process using GPCRs as a focus to improve the pipeline in two critical ways: Firstly, we use a blended sequence- and structure-based alignment that accounts for structure conservation in loop regions. Secondly, by merging multiple template structures into one comparative model, the best possible template for every region of a target can be used expanding the conformational space sampled in a meaningful way. This optimization allows for accurate modeling of receptors using templates as low as 20% sequence identity, which accounts for nearly the entire druggable space of GPCRs. A model database of all non-odorant GPCRs is made available at www.rosettagpcr.org. Additionally, all protocols are made available with insights into modifications that may improve accuracy at new targets.
Emerging orthobunyaviruses associated with CNS disease
Authors: Edridge Arthur Wouter Dante , van der Hoek Lia
Published: October 2020

TheOrthobunyavirusgenus comprises a wide range of arthropod-borne viruses which are prevalent worldwide and commonly associated with central nervous system (CNS) disease in humans and other vertebrates. Several orthobunyaviruses have recently emerged and increasingly more will likely do so in the future. Despite this large number, an overview of these viruses is currently lacking, making it challenging to determine importance from a One Health perspective. Causality is a key feature of determining importance, yet classical tools are unfit to evaluate the causality of orthobunyaviral CNS disease. Therefore, we aimed to provide an overview of orthobunyaviral CNS disease in vertebrates and objectify the causality strength of each virus. In total, we identified 27 orthobunyaviruses described in literature to be associated with CNS disease. Ten were associated with disease in multiple host species of which seven included humans. Seven viruses were associated with both congenital and postnatal CNS disease. CNS disease-associated orthobunyaviruses were spread across all knownOrthobunyavirusserogroups by phylogenetic analyses. Taken together, these results indicate that orthobunyaviruses may have a common tendency to infect the CNS of vertebrates. Next, we developed six tailor-made causality indicators and evaluated the causality strength of each of the identified orthobunyaviruses. Nine viruses had a ‘strong’ causality score and were deemed causal. Eight had a ‘moderate’ and ten a ‘weak’ causality score. Notably, there was a lack of case-control studies, which was only available for one virus. We, therefore, stress the importance of proper case-control studies as a fundamental aspect of proving causality. This comprehensible overview can be used to identify orthobunyaviruses which may be considered causal, reveal research gaps for viruses with moderate to low causality scores, and provide a framework to evaluate the causality of orthobunyaviruses that may newly emerge in the future.
Seroprevalence of Brucella abortus in cattle in Southern Lebanon using different diagnostic tests
Authors: Hassan Hussein , Salami Ali , Ghssein Ghassan , El-Hage Jeanne , Nehme Nada , Awada Rana
Published: October 2020

Background and Aim: Brucellosis is endemic zoonotic and highly contagious bacterial disease. Recently, several brucellosis cases were reported in Lebanon, causing significant economic losses; however, no study was done so far on farms located in the southern part of the country. Thus, the aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of Brucella abortus in South Lebanon using three different serological tests in the diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle. Materials and Methods: Seventeen farms from 14 locations in Southern Lebanon were selected. Two hundred and three bovine blood samples of different ages, and 121 milk samples collected from older than 2 years cattle were tested using different serological tests: Rose Bengal test (RBT), milk ring test (MRT), indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA), and confirmed with competitive ELISA (C-ELISA). Results: Results revealed that approximately 15.3% (confidence interval [CI] 95 10.3-20.2%) and 15.7% (CI 95 9.2-22.2%) of samples were positive using RBT and MRT, respectively. This percentage was significantly higher when using I-ELISA (18.3%) (CI 95 12.9-23.5%) and C-ELISA (18.7%) (CI 95 9.8-27.5%). Among used diagnostic tests, our results showed that ELISA was more accurate for the detection of brucellosis, especially since it detects the late stages of the infection, which is characterized by the presence of immunoglobulin G. The seroprevalence of brucellosis was higher among females. All positive tests were of cattle Holstein breed older than 2 years. Tyre and Jezzine cities had a higher significance in bovine brucellosis than Saida. A positive correlation between human and cattle brucellosis was found. Conclusion: Our results showed that bovine brucellosis is prevalent in southern Lebanon. Lack of research, in addition to little feedback of occurring illness or symptoms, creates a gap in helping to control the spread of the disease.
El capital extranjero privado y las areas naturales protegidas de Latinoamérica
Authors: Tello Díaz Carlos
Published: October 2020

El trabajo reconstruye la historia de la hacienda de San Antonio, propiedad situada en el municipio de Comala, al norte de Colima, en el occidente de México. La hacienda está enclavada en la Zona de Protección Forestal y Refugio de la Fauna Silvestre El Jabalí. El trabajo describe su historia con una metodología basada en la investigación de fuentes primarias para, al final, abordar las controversias políticas que, en torno a la participación del capital extranjero privado, han tenido lugar en esta área natural protegida de México, con respecto al empresario boliviano Antenor Patiño y el financiero inglés James Goldsmith.
Política fiscal y microcrédito en el alivio a los pobres
Authors: Ramírez Pablo Bernardo , Villarespe Reyes Verónica
Published: October 2020

El alivio a los pobres empezó a financiarse con cargo al erario público en siglo XVII; con las Leyes de Pobres, de 1601 en Inglaterra, comenzando así el proceso de convertir la caridad en política pública. Actualmente, el diseño de la política para el combate de la pobreza considera que el acceso al crédito permite a los pobres, bajo una planeación, acumular capital; desde esa óptica, el microcrédito se incorpora como estrategia en la reducción de la pobreza, a partir de experiencias exitosas en diferentes partes del mundo, sobre todo en los programas contra la pobreza impulsados por organismos internacionales. El microcrédito, como estrategia de reducción de la pobreza, aparece con fuerza en los tres últimos decenios del siglo XX, dado que se considera que el impulso de programas de acceso a microcréditos puede funcionar como mecanismo de apoyo para corregir la desigual distribución de activos. Los programas de microcréditos están dirigidos sobre todo a mujeres pobres, para que incida en el empoderamiento económico de las mujeres y en la disminución de la desigualdad de género y; al menos en el discurso público, contribuyan en la creación de oportunidades para que los pobres aumenten sus activos y con ello su inserción en el mercado. Para proveer de recursos monetarios a los programas de financiamiento a los pobres es necesario que países como México tenga una mejor política fiscal.
Tendencias actuales y nuevos desafíos de los migrantes en Chile
Authors: Thomazy Gabriella
Published: October 2020

Las noticias internacionales, muchas veces, tratan de la migración hacia Europa o hacia los EE. UU. Muy pocas veces escuchamos de la migración dentro de América Latina, siendo Chile uno de los países elegidos dentro de la región entre la gente que quiere buscar un mejor futuro; no solo los grupos más vulnerables se movilizan hacia Chile, sino que, una parte de estas migraciones son protagonizadas por sujetos de estratos medios y altos, muchos con estudios técnicos o superiores. Chile no está preparado para el explosivo aumento que ha tenido la migración en los últimos años, legislaciones antiguas y cambios pequeños e inefectivos tratan de aliviar el colapso del sistema. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal, constatar cuáles son las tendencias actuales y los nuevos desafíos de los migrantes, sugiriendo importantes cambios, además de tratar los problemas de los migrantes en un entorno donde la religión e idioma generalmente es igual o similar. Las estadísticas disponibles, la legislación chilena u otros datos permiten analizar las tendencias y en base a eso los nuevos desafíos. ¿Realmente es más fácil buscar un nuevo futuro dentro de la región? ¿Chile podría facilitar la integración laboral de los migrantes?
El derecho al medio ambiente: opinión consultiva de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Borgarello Esther Susana , Juárez Centeno Carlos Alfredo
Published: October 2020

En el Art. 41 de la Constitución Nacional el derecho al medio ambiente expresamente contempla: “Las autoridades proveerán a la protección de este derecho, a la utilización racional de los recursos naturales, a la preservación del patrimonio natural y cultural y de la diversidad biológica, y a la información y educación ambientales”. Legislación –conteste a ella– se dicta a nivel nacional y provincial en febrero de 2018 un hecho de trascendencia en la materia es la opinión consultiva OC-23/17 de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDDHH) sobre ‘‘Medio Ambiente y Derechos Humanos’’ dictada en San José, Costa Rica, en función de la aplicación del artículo 11 del Protocolo de San Salvador –el cual contiene los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales– y del artículo 26 de la Convención Americana. En ella la CIDDHH reconoció ‘‘la relación innegable entre la protección del medio ambiente y la realización de otros derechos humanos’’. Sostiene la Corte la innegable relación de interdependencia e indivisibilidad que existe entre los derechos humanos, el medio ambiente y el desarrollo sostenible. Esperemos que el fallo VUDAS vs Porta Hnos contemple la normativa constitucional, legal y la Opinión Consultiva de la CIDDHH. La firma Porta Hnos. es una empresa dedicada a la producción de alcohol y derivados, que tiene su planta ubicada en Av. Valparaíso en la ciudad de Córdoba y aledaña a los Barrios San Antonio, Parque San Antonio, Inaudi e Inaudi Anexo. Esta empresa produce 100.000 litros de agro-combustibles –bioetanol– por día, provocando graves problemas en la salud en la citada población, afectando de este modo al medio ambiente e incidiendo en la salud de sus habitantes. Los vecinos agrupados en la organización denominada VUDAS han iniciado acciones legales ante la justicia raíz de la inactividad de las autoridades municipales, provinciales y nacionales pese a los imperiosos reclamos.
¿Un pensador utópico muere de hambre?
Authors: Palazón Mayoral María Rosa
Published: October 2020

Resumen: Para José Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi los avances del liberalismo simularon fines nacionalistas; pero los enterraron, porque el medio peso diario que le asignó el presidente Victoria se lo robaron, mentirosos todos, enemigos furibundos de un estado de bienestar generalizado en los obrajes, las escuelas y la familia. Lizardi murió de hambre. Pasó de la oralidad a la escritura. Según él  “hizo lo que pudo por su patria”; pero fue corrupta. El Pensador no calló las injusticias que enterraron las victorias de los revolucionarios. Primer novelista; primer autor único de periódico, donde se denuncian cómo se torcieron las utopías. Hace más en pro de México desde que falleció; dejó sus “papeles” de excomulgado. Pasó parte de su existencia en prisión.

Palabras clave: Utopía, patria, nación, independencia, analfabetos.
Discriminación y violencia
Authors: Spathi Aglaía
Published: October 2020

En la narrativa de Rosario Castellanos encontramos conflictos raciales que caracterizan el ambiente de la provincia del México en la época postrevolucionaria y determinan la forma de vida socioeconómica de los individuos. En “Vals capricho”, la protagonista conoce en carne propia la marginación social solo por llevar la sangre india. Así que ella nunca será aceptada por una sociedad implacable que la conducirá a la locura y la amarga soledad. Por otra parte, Onelio Jorge Cardoso, a través de sus cuentos presenta a personajes que viven en condiciones de exclusión y discriminación y sufren las consecuencias de la crisis política, social y moral de Cuba, debido a las estructuras sociales de su época que siembran en el individuo miedos y prejuicios. Específicamente en “Teresa”, una mujer de las capas bajas, siente vergüenza de su origen, por eso, trata con actitud racista a dos personas de color, considerándolas inferiores cultural y mentalmente, sometiéndolas a la marginación y privándolas de la plenitud. El objetivo de este trabajo es a través de un estudio histórico-cultural destacar motivos predominantes como la violencia y la discriminación social  entre otros latentes en los cuentos anteriormente mencionados.
La violencia de género en tres novelas policiacas negras de escritoras mexicanas
Authors: Walczak Grazyna
Published: October 2020

Este artículo plantea que varias novelas policiacas de escritoras mexicanas, surgidas en las primeras décadas del siglo XXI relacionan el delito con la sociedad y la cultura. En las obras de Patricia Valladares (Tan frío como el infierno, 2014), Laura Esquivel (A Lupita le gustaba planchar, 2015) y Fernanda Melchor (Temporada de huracanes, 2017) el crimen que se investiga está engranado con el contexto de la violencia generalizada, la corrupción y el caos que gobiernan en el país sumido en la crisis social de la era neoliberal. El problema que se destaca más es la violencia de género como parte de la cultura patriarcal machista, agravado por la crisis. Las novelas denotan una esperanza de encontrar posibilidades de experiencias alternativas, más liberadoras, que sin embargo no necesariamente encuentran soluciones viables.
Configuración de la cultura folklórica y el liberalismo
Authors: Antigua Clara
Published: October 2020

¿Es causal que exista un vínculo entre el liberalismo y el folklore o son fenómenos paralelos que comparten una perspectiva pragmática de la libertad? La autora de este ensayo demuestra que el folklore es una institución social efectivamente inherente a un proceso histórico liberal. El análisis del folklore dominicano, desgranado desde sus orígenes, y cruzando diversas y completas teorías socioculturales, nos traslada a unas conclusiones que pivotan en una sólida creencia de libertad individual. Individuos que, por pragmatismo y de forma espontánea, van desarrollando en un proceso histórico el conjunto de valores y normas que configuran una cultura.
Amereida: realidad cultural abierta para encuentros y colaboración
Authors: Barbaruk Magdalena
Published: October 2020

El objetivo del artículo es la presentación de Amereida desde la perspectiva de los estudios culturales. Según la autora, es un fenómeno que puede servir como modelo de ambiguas relaciones de América Latina y Europa, estrechamente vinculadas a la idea de la comunidad y la cooperación. Las ideas de Amereida se tradujeron en la llamada “travesía” (un viaje del grupo de arquitectos, poetas, artistas de América y Europa que atravesaron el continente americano en el año 1965 con el propósito de la descolonización cultural) y se realizan desde el año 1970 en la “Ciudad Abierta” (Chile). Amereida, aunque parece dependiente de los patrones occidentales (el neologismo “Amereida” es una combinación de "América" y "Eneida”), es más bien un ejemplo del latinoamericanismo moderno. En conclusión, Barbaruk postula el uso de otras herramientas teóricas de índole heterogénea para describir el fenómeno de Amereida. Se trata de ideas tomadas de A. Rimbaud (“yo es otro”), G. Deleuze, F. Guattari (literatura menor), M. Bajtín (exotopía), J. Derrida (espectro) o el concepto de la sutura.
Tratamiento informativo de América Latina en la prensa marroquí
Authors: Hiri Abdelhak
Published: October 2020

Resumen: El presente trabajo parte de un objeto de estudio muy concreto: conocer el tratamiento comunicativo ofrecido por la prensa escrita marroquí de América Latina. Para realizar este trabajo, nos basaremos principalmente sobre las herramientas del análisis de contenido, a través del estudio de alrededor de 2752 textos periodísticos que conforman el corpus. El estudio se centra en los siete periódicos de gran trascendencia histórica en Marruecos: La Mañana del Sáhara y del Magreb; Le Matin; Al-Alam; Al-Ittihad Al-Ichtiraki; LʹÉconomiste, Anoual; Al-Massae, durante el período de enero de 1990 a diciembre de 2015.
Políticas y reformas en etnoeducación afrocaribe colombiano
Authors: Múnera Cavadías Liris , Lago de Vergara Diana , Lago de Fernández Carmen Cecilia
Published: October 2020

El Grupo de Investigación RUECA de la Universidad de Cartagena, liderado por la Dra. Diana Lago de Vergara,  desde el proyecto de Maestras Afrodescendientes e Indígenas en el Caribe Colombiano y su semillero de investigación “La Universidad va a la Escuela”, participante en el Macroproyecto de Historias de Vida de Maestras Rurales, Indígenas, Africanas y Afrodescendientes,  que lidera la Dra. Diana Soto del grupo HISULA,  ha  realizado investigación cualitativa y ha continuado revisando documentos que han enriquecido el estudio sobre los desafíos y nuevas perspectivas en la etnoeducación Afro, en el caribe colombiano, caso Cartagena de Indias.

Este artículo da cuenta de resultados consolidados de investigaciones y experiencia vivencial, como visita al palenque de San Basilio, asentamiento de esclavos libertos, donde se realizó una experiencia pedagógica en escuelas, miembros de la comunidad sobre la cultura, interacciones sociales, cosmovisión, entre otros tópicos, igualmente se realizaron visitas a  instituciones etnoeducativas de  Cartagena de Indias, donde muchos de sus estudiantes proceden del palenque de San Basilio y de otros palenques, complementando  la información primaria con  revisión documental sobre políticas y normas vigentes.
Evaluación de los aprendizajes de los estudiantes en colegios y universidades colombianas
Authors: Ortiz Franco Juan Vicente
Published: October 2020

Esta investigación identifica y describe los métodos, las intencionalidades y usos de los resultados de la evaluación del rendimiento académico y de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizajes de los estudiantes a partir de los aportes de 32 profesores y 286 estudiantes universitarios de programas de pre y posgrado en ocho grupos de cinco universidades y 45 colegios de niveles de Básica y Media de Bogotá, Colombia con participación de 1034 estudiantes y 177 profesores; los hallazgos los confronta con las características de evaluación con enfoque formativo y como mediación para el aprendizaje. Las preguntas que guían esta investigación son: ¿Cuáles son las características que definen las formas e intencionalidades de la evaluación de los aprendizajes?; ¿Existe similitud en las prácticas, usos de estrategias y formas?; ¿Tienen continuidad en uno y otro nivel de educación?, y ¿Cuáles responden al enfoque de evaluación para la formación?. El estudio es de carácter descriptivo, analítico y contrastativo, de naturaleza mixta, dado que identifica y sistematiza las formas como se están evaluando los aprendizajes y los confronta con propuestas formativas. La fundamentación teórica acoge los planteamientos de evaluación de aprendizajes de: Fernández, Nohemí; el enfoque de Evaluación Formativa desde Álvarez, Juan; de Hoffmann Jussara con la propuesta de la evaluación mediadora; Katzkowicz Raquel con la evaluación como aliada o enemiga del fracaso escolar y Jané Marc, la evaluación del aprendizaje como herramienta. Se encontró cómo se privilegian quices, parciales y previas; cuestionarios de pregunta cerrada; trabajos escritos individuales en Derecho y Maestría. La asistencia a clase, los trabajos grupales, las exposiciones y los cuestionarios de pregunta abierta son formas usuales en todos los programas universitarios y en niveles de Básica y Media. Los ensayos, exámenes orales grupales, los trabajos de campo y los informes de visita, considerados de enfoque Formativo, son de limitado o ausente uso. Se privilegia la evaluación como medición, calificación, clasificación y para la exclusión y la aprobación.