bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Second order blind identification of event related potentials sources
Authors: Ponomarev Valery A. , Kropotov Jury D.
Published: May 2022

Event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded on the surface of the head are a mixture of signals from many sources in the brain due to volume conductions. As a result, the spatial resolution of the ERPs is quite low. Blind source separation can help to recover source signals from multichannel ERP records. In this study, we present a novel implementation of a method for decomposing multi-channel ERP into components, which is based on the modeling of second-order statistics of ERPs. We also report a new implementation of Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), which is used to select the optimal number of hidden signals (components) in the original ERPs. We tested these methods using both synthetic datasets and real ERPs data arrays. Testing has shown that the ERP decomposition method can reconstruct the source signals from their mixture with acceptable accuracy even when these signals overlap significantly in time and the presence of noise. The use of BIC allows us to determine the correct number of source signals at the signal-to-noise ratio commonly observed in ERP studies. The proposed approach was compared with conventionally used methods for the analysis of ERPs. It turned out that the use of this new method makes it possible to observe such phenomena that are hidden by other signals in the original ERPs. The proposed method for decomposing a multichannel ERP into components can be useful for studying cognitive processes in laboratory settings, as well as in clinical studies.
‘The baby will have the right beginning’: Infant caregiver and health worker views on point-of-care HIV birth testing across 10 sites in Zimbabwe
Authors: Sacks Emma , Katirayi Leila , Kaeberle Betsy , Mafaune Haurovi William , Chadambuka Addmore , Tachiwenyika Emmanuel , Nyamundaya Tichaona , Cohn Jennifer , Mahomva Agnes , Mushavi Angela
Published: May 2022

Background
The survival of HIV-infected infants depends on early identification and initiation on effective treatment. HIV-exposed infants are tested at 6 weeks of age; however, testing for HIV sooner (e.g., shortly after birth) can identify in utero infection, which is associated with rapid progression. Infant early diagnostic virologic tests often have long turnaround times, reducing the utility of early testing. Point-of-care (POC) testing allows neonates born in health facilities to get results prior to discharge.
Methods
Beginning in 2018, Zimbabwe offered standard HIV testing at birth to high-risk HIV-exposed infants; as part of a pilot program, at 10 selected hospitals, POC birth testing (BT) was offered to every HIV-exposed infant. To understand the views of infant caregivers and health workers regarding POC BT, 48 interviews were held: 23 with infant caregivers and 25 with health workers, including 6 nurses-in-charge. Participants were purposively sampled across the participating sites. Interviews were held in English, Shona, or Ndebele, and transcribed in English. Line-by-line coding was carried out, and content analysis and constant comparison were used to identify key themes for each respondent type.
Results
Findings were organized under four themes: challenges with BT, acceptability of BT, benefits of BT, and recommendations for BT programs. Overall, BT was well accepted by caregivers and health workers because it encouraged mothers to better care for their uninfected newborns or initiate treatment more rapidly for infected infants. While the benefits were well understood, mothers felt there were some challenges, namely that they should be informed in advance about testing procedures and tested in a more private setting. Caregivers and HCWs also recommended improving awareness of BT, both among health care workers and in the community in general, as well as ensuring that facilities are well-stocked with supplies and can deliver results in a timely way before scaling up programs.
Conclusions
Caregivers and health workers strongly support implementation and expansion of birth testing programs due to the benefits for newborns. The challenges noted should be taken as planning guidance, rather than reasons to delay or discontinue birth testing programs.
A retrospective study on the prevalence of hypothalamic-pituitary axis disturbances as of six months post Traumatic Brain Injury in patients hospitalized in intensive functional rehabilitation
Authors: Moreau-Bourbonnais Amélie , Lamarre Céline , Dagher Jehane H.
Published: May 2022

Objectives: This retrospective study aims to estimate the prevalence of neuroendocrine disturbances as early as six months after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in patients hospitalized in intensive functional rehabilitation (IFR).Methods: Retrospective study of all patients aged 17 years or older admitted to an IFR between 2014-2016 with a diagnosis of mild-complex to severe TBI. Charts were reviewed (N=300) and those with neuroendocrine lab results were retained (N=56). Pituitary-dependent hormone dosages were collected. Results: An estimated prevalence between 4.67 and 30.43% with at least one hormonal anomaly was noted. Compared to the literature, lower disturbances for all pituitary axes except central adrenal insufficiency were observed. The most significant prevalence in our cohort is of the adrenal axis estimated at 4 and 26.09%, while for thyroid, gonadal and growth hormone axes, a suspicion of disturbance was detected in a single patient per axis for an estimated prevalence of 0.33 to 2.17% each.Conclusion: Results did not show a very significant prevalence in chronic patients with TBI who were hospitalized in IFR. We believe that systematic testing is not necessary and propose workups only if symptomatic and after a comprehensive clinical history. Hypopituitarism is complex, and endocrinology consultation is recommended.
Paradoxical rise in pulmonary pressures and BNP immediately after balloon pulmonary angioplasty for CTEPH
Authors: FERRARI Emile , FOURRIER Etienne , LABBAOUI Mohamed , YANAKA Kenichi , REDJIMI Nassim , SQUARA Fabien , BREITTMAYER Jean-Philippe , TANIGUCHI Yu , BENZAQUEN Jonathan , MOCERI Pamela , BAUDOUY Delphine
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty (BPA) is a constantly improving technique option for the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). To assess pulmonary artery pressures (PAP) and BNP changes immediately after Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty (BPA) procedures.Methods: We implemented a rigorous protocol for measuring PAP just before, then immediately after, the BPA session and BNP before, then the following morning. In a sub-group of 16 procedures we also performed an endothelin-1 (ET-1) assay before and after each procedure.Results: out of 81 BPA (32 patients), sPAP before and after were 65 mmHg [59-74] versus 75 mmHg [64-80]: P=0.005; 38 mmHg [33-43] vs 43 mmHg [36-48] for mPAP: P <0.001, 23 mmHg [17-27] vs 24 mmHg [20-26] for dPAP: P=0.35. In all, PAP rose after 81% of the procedures. Likewise, BNP showed a significant increase the day after BPA: 127pg/mL [80-262] versus 116 pg/mL [58-215]: P <0.001. In all, BNP increased in 83% of the procedures. These modifications are not linked with a worst final BPA result. ET-1 decreased significantly: 1.5 pg /mL [1.39-3.64] vs 1.28 pg /mL [1.14-3.13]: P=0.021. Conclusion: PAP and BNP are very often transiently increased immediately after BPA. These paradoxical changes which may participate in common BPA procedure complications are not predictive of the long-term treatment benefits. Assessment of the BPA result should not be made within hours of a BPA session. The reason for the paradoxical increase in PAP and BNP is not established, but ET-1 secretion does not appear to be responsible.
Milk-derived Small Extracellular Vesicles: Nanomaterials to Promote Bone Formation
Authors: Dong Ming , Shi Chun , Yu Xinxin , Yang Qian , Wu Saixuan , Liu Runyuan , Liu Tingjiao , Wang Lina , Niu Weidong
Published: May 2022

BackgroundSmall extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are an important component in the paracrine pathway. They can be used as a substitute for seed cells and have shown good application prospects in promoting bone regeneration. Cow’s milk could be used as a source of sEVs with good biocompatibility and cost-effectiveness, with easy availability, low cost and low toxicity. This study focused on the role and mechanism of small extracellular vesicles derived from milk in bone repair.MethodssEVs were isolated from fresh milk by ultracentrifugation, and the extraction of Milk-sEVs was identified by TEM, NTA, and Western blotting. The effects of Milk-sEVs on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts were studied by CCK-8 assay, ALP, Western blotting and Real-time PCR. A mice skull defect model was constructed, and the bone formation at the defect site was observed by HE staining, Masson staining and IHC. The differential gene GJA1 after Milk-sEVs acted on osteoblasts was screened by transcriptome chip, and the transcript AP3B1 of GJA1 was verified by CHIP.ResultsWe have proved by in vivo and in vitro experiments that milk-derived sEVs (Milk-sEVs) increase the repair ability of bone tissue, and promote expression of the osteogenic gene GJA1 through the transcript AP3B1.ConclusionMilk-sEVs can enhance the expression of the transcription factor AP3B1, AP3B1 can bind to the GJA1 promoter to enhance the expression of GJA1 and promote bone repair.
Ventricular Tachycardia or Fibrillation Storm in Coronavirus Disease
Authors: khan Muhammad Hassan
Published: May 2022

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) storm associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection is a potentially fatal complication; the correlation of these 2 disorders, however, has not been well studied. This retrospective case series examined outcomes of 2 patients who were admitted for repeated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks with or without syncope and observed to have VT/VF storms with COVID-19. Mechanisms of VT/VF storms in COVID-19 are multifactorial including myocarditis, systemic inflammation, hyperadrenergic state, hemodynamic instability, hypoxia, acidosis, and proarrhythmic drugs. A higher incidence of VT/VF storm is observed in patients with comorbidities and those requiring critical care, with some studies reporting increased mortality. In our cohort, 1 of the 2 patients succumbed to the complications from COVID-19 and the other patient was discharged to home in stable condition. Monitoring of life-threatening arrhythmias in the setting of COVID-19 may need to be adopted to prevent morbidity and mortality.
Acute radiation dermatitis among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with proton beam therapy- prognostic factors and treatment outcomes
Authors: Fang Ko-Chun , Lee Chih-Hung , Chuang Hui-Ching , Huang Tai-Lin , Chien Chih-Yen , Tsai Wen-Ling , Fang Fu-Min
Published: May 2022

Background
A high incidence of severe acute radiation dermatitis (ARD) has been reported for cancer patients treated by proton beam therapy (PBT). This prospective study investigated the prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of ARD among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with PBT.
Methods
Fifty-seven patients with newly diagnosed NPC and treated with PBT were enrolled. ARD was recorded weekly based on the criteria of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 in a prospective fashion at treatment visits (1st to 7th weeks) and 1 week (8th week) and 1 month (11th week) after the completion of PBT. Topical corticosteroid was used when grade 1 ARD appeared, and silver sulfadiazine was added if ARD progressed to grade 2 or more.
Results
The maximum ARD grade was 1, 2, and 3 in 26 (45.6%), 24 (42.1%), and 7 (12.3%) of the patients, respectively. The peak incidence of grade 2 and 3 ARD was observed during the period of the 6th to 8th weeks. Twenty-four (42.1%) patients received topical corticosteroid alone; 33 (57.9%) patients received the combination of topical corticosteroid and silver sulfadiazine. In the 11th week, most grade 2 and 3 ARD had disappeared and 93.0% of the patients had ARD of grade 1 or lower. In the binary logistic regression model, we identified habitual smoking [odds ratio (OR): 5.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3–18.8, P = 0.012] and N2 to N3 nodal status (OR: 4.9, 95% CI: 1.6–15.4, P = 0.006) as independent predictors of grade 2 and 3 ARD.
Conclusion
The results show ARD is a major concern for patients with NPC treated with PBT, especially those with habitual smoking or advanced nodal status. Topical corticosteroid and silver sulfadiazine are effective for treating ARD induced by PBT.
Visual scene discrimination: A perceptual advantage in autistic adults
Authors: Jassim Nazia , Owen Adrian M. , Smith Paula , Suckling John , Lawson Rebecca P. , Baron-Cohen Simon , Parsons Owen
Published: May 2022

Discriminating between similar scenes proves to be a remarkably demanding task due to the limited capacity of our visual cognitive processes. Here we examine how visual scene discrimination is modulated by perceptual differences arising from neurodiversity. A large sample of autistic (n = 140) and typical (n = 147) participants completed two visual scene discrimination experiments online. Each experiment consisted of “match” (identical scenes) and “mismatch” (subtle differences between scenes) conditions. In both experiments, we found strong evidence for an interaction between group and task condition. Specifically, when compared to typical controls, autistic individuals were on average more accurate at identifying subtle differences between scenes. Taken together, these results suggest differential processing of contextual expectations in autism. These findings are consistent with both classic cognitive theories and more recent Bayesian explanations of autistic perception. In addition, this work highlights the strengths of neurodiversity in specific areas of cognition.
Enhanced self-phase modulation with femtosecond optical pulses in silicon nanowires integrated with graphene oxide films
Authors: moss david
Published: May 2022

We experimentally demonstrate enhanced spectral broadening of femtosecond optical pulses after propagation through silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanowire waveguides integrated with two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) films. Owing to the strong mode overlap between the SOI nanowires and the GO films with a high Kerr nonlinearity, the self-phase modulation (SPM) process in the hybrid waveguides is significantly enhanced, resulting in greatly improved spectral broadening of the femtosecond optical pulses. A solution-based, transfer-free coating method is used to integrate GO films onto the SOI nanowires with precise control of the film thickness. Detailed SPM measurements using femtosecond optical pulses are carried out, achieving a broadening factor of up to ~ 4.3 for a device with 0.4-mm-long, 2 layers of GO. By fitting the experimental results with theory, we obtain an improvement in the waveguide nonlinear parameter by a factor of ~ 3.5 and the effective nonlinear figure of merit (FOM) by a factor of ~ 3.8, relative to the uncoated waveguide. Finally, we discuss the influence of GO film length on the spectral broadening and compare the nonlinear optical performance of different integrated waveguides coated with GO films. These results confirm the improved nonlinear optical performance for silicon devices integrated with 2D GO films.
Hydrodynamic and heat transfer characteristics of Taylor flow in pipelines: An extensive bibliometric analysis
Authors: Gawusu Sidique , Zhang Xiaobing , Mensah Rhoda Afriyie , Das Oisik , Ahmed Abubakari
Published: May 2022

The study is influenced by the significant progress made in the field of hydrodynamics and heat transfer enhancement of Taylor flow in vertical and horizontal pipelines. It maps the hydrodynamics and thermal properties of Taylor flow using 752 scientific articles published in refereed journals, extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), using bibliometric analysis. The study identifies clusters that constitute the intellectual structure of the study domain, and investigates their linkages, by incorporating all citations from the Science Citation Index (SCI) from 2000–2021. The study highlights the most active, impactful, and influential parameters surrounding Taylor flow research. This analysis is critical for expanding our understanding of the intellectual network and identifying new research directions.
WITHDRAWN: Transmission Grating Functioning as both Transmission Grating and Reflective Grating Simultaneously in Same Experiment--- Rotating Grating Around Three Axes (5)
Authors: Peng Hui
Published: May 2022

The orientation-dependence of the diffraction patterns of the transmission grating experiments have been systematically studied by rotating the 1D- and 2D-gratings around three axes. There are two kinds of gratings, transmission and reflective gratings. In this article, we show the novel phenomena: (1) the transmission grating creates simultaneously both the transmission diffraction pattern and the reflective diffraction pattern respectively, namely the transmission grating functions as both a transmission grating and a reflective grating in one experiment; (2) the reflective pattern is non-uniform, expanded, curved and inclined when the grating rotates, namely the reflective pattern has the same characteristics as that of the transmission patten in the same transmission grating experiment. We refer both as the “twin patterns” in the same experiment. We suggest to do the grating experiment with the experimental setups in this article by emitting photons one at a time.
Comparison of Symptoms Between Midlife Women in Peri-menopause and Post-menopause Using Network Comparison Test
Authors: Min Se Hee , Yang Qing , Docherty Sharron L. , Lee Chiyoung
Published: May 2022

Introduction.
Midlife women in peri-menopause and post-menopause experience a complex array of symptoms. However, there are conflicting results on how their symptom experience differs by menopausal stage. Current studies have not examined the interconnected relationship among menopausal symptoms and understood how this relationship may differ based on the menopausal stage.
Purpose.
This study aims to examine and compare the symptom network structure and key symptoms between midlife women in peri-menopause and post-menopause.
Method.
This is a secondary data analysis using cross-sectional data (visit 5) from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. Network analysis was used to visualize the network structure and to identify key symptoms. Then, network comparison test was conducted to compare the symptom network properties. Propensity score matching was used to match participants in terms of their covariates.
Result.
In midlife women in peri-menopause, frequent mood change was the key symptom with the highest strength (1.59) and closeness (1.28). In midlife women in post-menopause, night sweat was the key symptom with the highest strength (1.35) and betweenness (1.82). The symptom networks were not significantly different between the two groups in terms of global strength (S = 0.01, p = 0.974), network structure (M = 0.10, p = 0.461), and specific centrality measure (C=-0.10, p = 0.083).
Conclusion.
While the symptom networks were not invariant, the key symptoms were different between the two groups. This indicates a potential need for different symptom management approach in midlife women in peri-menopause and post-menopause. With this new knowledge, clinicians should offer targeted key symptom assessment and management in clinical settings.
A cross-sectional survey on knowledge, attitudes and practices towards malaria control and prevention among caregivers of children under-5 in the Western Area of Sierra Leone
Authors: Koroma Joan Mabinty , Wang Yuji , Guo Xiang , Zhang Xiaoqing , Ngobeh Jone Jama Kpanda , Gabir Ahmed Mohamed Elamin Ali , Li Ziyao , Li Li , Wu Rangke , Zhou Xiaohong
Published: May 2022

BackgroundChildren under-5 are the most vulnerable to malaria infection and they suffer serious complications. Sierra Leone is one of the countries with the highest malaria burden in the world. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) towards malaria control and prevention among caregivers of children under-5 in the Western Area of Sierra Leone.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among caregivers of children under-5 visiting the out-patient department of six selected hospitals/community health centers. Data were collected via questionnaire interview with 350 caregivers. Further statistical analyses were performed primarily Spearman’s rank test for inferring the correlations among KAPs, univariate and multivariate logistic regression for demonstration the association between KAPs and socio-demographic characteristics.ResultsWomen made up 97.1% of respondents with the majority being young mothers-including 33 single student moms. 46.3% among respondents were unemployed and 27.1% had no educational background. Only 1.4% received malaria related information from the internet/social media. This KAPs survey indicated that misconception of cause, transmission and clinical symptoms of malaria; unawareness of lethality and severity; inappropriate behaviors in prevention and treatment such as self-medicating were still in existence in some caregivers. But a positive correlation in knowledge-attitudes (rs = 0.13, P < 0.05) and attitudes-practices (rs = 0.45, P < 0.001) were revealed. The caregivers being a mother and having at least secondary education were demonstrated associated with positive attitudes and practices. Meanwhile, more urban-based caregivers (79.8%) followed a complete malaria treatment course of ACTs than the rural (63.3%), but in view of ITNs use, more rural-based caregivers presented positive attitudes (85.3%) and practices (70.1%) than the urban (69.9%, 52.0%). The student moms might know more but do less.ConclusionsFor better protection of children under-5 against lethal malaria, providing a better guidance at community level for their caregivers, especially young mothers, is essential to reduce some misconceptions and inappropriate behaviors. It is important to develop an efficient communication channel to disseminate information regarding malaria, especially strengthening community-based media infrastructure, including internet/social media. An increase in education and employment opportunities for women, as well as setting up community-based malaria counselling services, is also needed.
Online-Lehre im Lehramtstudium
Authors: Waldvogel Bettina , Brugger Andreas , Sijbesma Laura
Published: May 2022

In einer explorativen Studie der Pädagogischen Hochschule Schaffhausen (Schweiz) wurde der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern sich die pandemiebedingte radikale Umstellung auf Online-Lehre auf die Rol-lenbilder der Studierenden und Dozierenden auswirkte. Dazu wurden positive und negative Erfahrungen aus der Perspektive der Studierenden und Dozierenden gesammelt und die daraus gewonnenen Erkenntnisse in Bezug zu den veränderten Rollenbildern in Lehr- und Lernsettings gebracht. Es zeigte sich, dass insbesondere die Vorbildrolle der Dozierenden in der reinen Online-Lehre schwierig umzusetzen war.Aus den gesammelten Daten lassen sich Empfehlungen ableiten, wie die Online-Lehre kurzfristig verbessert und den Bedürfnissen von Dozierenden und Studierenden besser angepasst werden kann. Die beobachteten Veränderungen der Rollenbilder können längerfristig zu einem fundamental veränderten Lehr- und Lernverständnis einer hybriden Lehre führen.
Die Amputation des Leibes
Authors: Marquardt Anja
Published: May 2022

Während der pandemiebedingten Kontaktbeschränkungen musste die Hochschullehre umgestellt werden und vielfach wurden anstelle der gewohnten Präsenzlehre nun Videokonferenzen durchgeführt. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird beleuchtet, inwieweit hiermit eine ‚Amputation des Leibes‘ einherging. Auf der Grundlage von gesammelten Aussagen der Studierenden während der Videoschaltungen, sogenannten Bubbles, werden verschiedene Eindrücke und Überlegungen zu den möglichen Auswirkungen vorgestellt.In dem Beitrag werden auch die Bedeutung der Zweidimensionalität und der Anspruch der gleichwertigen Abbildung der Dreidimensionalität, also die Sichtbarkeit des „Kopffüßlers“, die Bedeutung des Blicks, die Veränderung der Sprache sowie die Einschränkung der Sinneswahrnehmung in Videokonferenzen thematisiert.
Dialogische Didaktik gegen den digitalen Drop-out
Authors: Redecker Anke
Published: May 2022

Der Beitrag nimmt aus pädagogischer und bildungstheoretischer Sicht Gefahren des digitalen Lernens und Lehrens in den Blick, die durch die Corona-Krise nicht nur potenziert, sondern aufgrund einer längerfristig ausschließlich praktizierten Fernlehre nachhaltig in Erscheinung treten und weitere gravierende Folgen für bildungsbenachteiligte Schüler*innen erwarten lassen.Lernszenarien in der Pandemie können als Seismograph für didaktische Fehlentwicklungen gesehen werden, die an die Stelle der herausfordernd irritierenden und gezielt mit-, nach- und weiterfragend anregenden Lehrperson eine lediglich unterstützende Lernbegleitung gesetzt haben. Gegengesteuert werden kann mit einer dialogischen Didaktik, die in präsenzanalogen Szenarien eine bildungsfördernde Interaktion in den Blick nimmt.
Digitaler Unterricht an Schulen vor und während des Corona-Lockdowns
Authors: Esterl Nadine , Berger Sonja , Nistor Nicolae
Published: May 2022

Dieser Beitrag stellt die aktualisierte und gekürzte Fassung der Bachelorarbeit von Nadine Esterl dar, die sie im Rahmen des Studiengangs „Pädagogik / Bildungswissenschaft (B.A.)“ an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München erstellt hat.
Die Corona-Krise hat die Passivität vieler Schüler*innen in den schulischen Lehr- und Lernprozessen verstärkt, weil kein regulärer Präsenzunterricht durchgeführt werden konnte. Um dieser entgegenzuwirken, setzten Lehrkräfte auf aktivierende mit digitalen Medien gestützte Lehrstrategien. Halbstrukturierte Interviews mit acht Münchner Lehrkräften während der Schulschließungen liefern Erkenntnisse über Kriterien, anhand derer Lehrkräfte ihre mit digitalen Medien gestützten Lehrstrategien, wie z. B. den Einsatz von Apps, die Erstellung von Erklärvideos durch Schüler*innen oder Gruppendiskussionen über Videochat, auswählten sowie über (bewährte) Strategien, mit den pandemiebedingten Schwierigkeiten im Unterricht umzugehen. Die Ergebnisse suggerieren, dass eine Kategorisierung von Lernaktivitäten hinsichtlich kognitiver Aktivierung Lehrkräften helfen kann, Entscheidungen für die Art des Einsatzes von Bildungstechnologien zu treffen.
A Consumer Law Perspective on the Commercialization of Data
Authors: Durovic Mateja , Lech Franciszek
Published: May 2022

Commercialization of consumers’ personal data in the digital economy poses serious, both conceptual and practical, challenges to the traditional approach of European Union (EU) Consumer Law. This article argues that mass-spread, automated, algorithmic decision-making casts doubt on the foundational paradigm of EU consumer law: consent and autonomy. Moreover, it poses threats of discrimination and under- mining of consumer privacy. It is argued that the recent legislative reaction by the EU Commission, in the form of the ‘New Deal for Consumers’, was a step in the right direction, but fell short due to its continued reliance on consent, autonomy and failure to adequately protect consumers from indirect discrimination. It is posited that a focus on creating a contracting landscape where the consumer may be properly informed in material respects is required, which in turn necessitates blending the approaches of competition, consumer protection and data protection laws.
Ownership of Databases: Personal Data Protection and Intellectual Property Rights on Databases
Authors: Minero Alejandre Gemma
Published: May 2022

When we think on initiatives on access to and reuse of data, we must consider both the European Intellectual Property Law and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The first one provides a special intellectual property (IP) right – the sui generis right – for those makers that made a substantial investment when creating the database, whether it contains personal or non-personal data. That substantial investment can be made by just one person, but, in many cases, it is the result of the activities of many people and/or some undertakings processing and aggregating data. In the modern digital economy, data are being dubbed the ‘new oil’ and the sui generis right might be con- sidered a right to control any access to the database, thus having an undeniable relevance. Besides, there are still important inconsistences between IP Law and the GDPR, which must be removed by the European legislator. The genuine and free consent of the data subject for the use of his/her data must remain the first step of the legal analysis.
The Quality of Life: Protecting Non-personal Interests and Non-personal Data in the Age of Big Data
Authors: van der Sloot Bart
Published: May 2022

Under the current legal paradigm, the rights to privacy and data protection provide natural persons with subjective rights to protect their private interests, such as related to human dignity, individual autonomy and personal freedom. In principle, when data processing is based on non-personal or aggregated data or when such data pro- cesses have an impact on societal, rather than individual interests, citizens cannot rely on these rights. Although this legal paradigm has worked well for decades, it is increasingly put under pressure because Big Data processes are typically based indis- criminate rather than targeted data collection, because the high volumes of data are processed on an aggregated rather than a personal level and because the policies and decisions based on the statistical correlations found through algorithmic analytics are mostly addressed at large groups or society as a whole rather than specific individuals. This means that large parts of the data-driven environment are currently left unregu- lated and that individuals are often unable to rely on their fundamental rights when addressing the more systemic effects of Big Data processes. This article will discuss how this tension might be relieved by turning to the notion ‘quality of life’, which has the potential of becoming the new standard for the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) when dealing with privacy related cases.
The Legal Regulation of Digital Wealth: Commerce, Ownership and Inheritance of Data
Authors: Castillo Parrilla José Antonio
Published: May 2022

Digital wealth and its necessary regulation have gained prominence in recent years. The European Commission has published several documents and policy proposals relating, directly or indirectly, to the data economy. A data economy can be defined as an ecosystem of different types of market players collaborating to ensure that data is accessible and usable in order to extract value from data through, for example, creating a variety of applications with great potential to improve daily life. The value of data can increase from EUR 257 billion (1.85 of EU Gross Domestic Product (GDP)) to EUR 643 billion by 2020 (3.17% of EU GDP), according to the EU Commission. The legal implications of the increasing value of the data economy are clear; hence the need to address the challenges presented by its legal regulation.
Allosteric regulation of the bacterial K+ channel KtrAB
Authors:   , Stautz Janina
Published: May 2022

Bacteria are true artists of survival, which rapidly adapt to environmental changes like pH shifts, temperature changes and different salinities. Upon osmotic shock, bacteria are able to counteract the loss of water by the uptake of potassium ions. In many bacteria, this is accomplished by the major K+ uptake system KtrAB. The system consists of the K+-translocating channel subunit KtrB, which forms a dimer in the membrane, and the cytoplasmic regulatory RCK subunit KtrA, which binds non-covalently to KtrB as an octameric ring. This unique architecture differs strongly from other RCK-gated K+ channels like MthK or GsuK, in which covalently tethered cytoplasmic RCK domains regulate a single tetrameric pore. As a consequence, an adapted gating mechanism is required: The activation of KtrAB depends on the binding of ATP and Mg2+ to KtrA, while ADP binding at the same site results in inactivation, mediated by conformational rearrangements. However, it is still poorly understood how the nucleotides are exchanged and how the resulting conformational changes in KtrA control gating in KtrB is still poorly understood. Here,I present a 2.5-Å cryo-EM structure of ADP-bound, inactive KtrAB, which for the first time resolves the N termini of both KtrBs. They are located at the interface of KtrA and KtrB, forming a strong interaction network with both subunits. In combination with functional and EPR data we show that the N termini, surrounded by a lipidic environment, play a crucial role in the activation of the KtrAB system. We are proposing an allosteric network, in which an interaction of the N termini with the membrane facilitates MgATP-triggered conformational changes, leading to the active, conductive state.
Forms of presentation of historical knowledge in the works of L.P. Karsavin
Authors: Шехорина А.В.
Published: May 2022

В статье проанализированы научные статьи и очерки Л.П. Карсавина (1882-1952), как формы презентации исторического знания. Выявляются особенности этих историографических источников по сравнению с видовой моделью. Предложена классификация научных статей и очерков, их периодизация в творчестве Л.П. Карсавина. Анализируются видовые модели научной статьи и очерка и их реализация в трудах Л.П. Карсавина.

The paper scientific articles and sketches by L.P. Karsavin (1882-1952) are studied. The special aspects of these historiographic sources are revealed in comparison with the species model. The classification of scientific articles and sketches in the works of L.P. Karsavin are presented. the analysis of the specific model of the scientific article and essay and their implementation in the works of L.P. Karsavin is presented.
Identity trajectories in the Chinese diaspora of France
Authors: Гордон А.В.
Published: May 2022

Историко-философская бинарность Восток/Запад рассматривается в аспекте современной трансграничной миграции. Предмет анализа – китайская диаспора Франции. Автор отвергает «эссенциалистский» подход, противопоставляющий «азиатчину» «европейским ценностям» как две монолитные и неизменные духовные субстанции. На материале полевых исследований среди китайских иммигрантов во Франции раскрывается многообразие коллективной и индивидуальной идентичности в пространстве взаимодействия китайских и французских культурных моделей.

East/West historical and philosophical duality is analyzed in review of modern cross-border migration. The main subject of analysis is the Chinese diaspora in France. The author rejects the “essentialist” approach, which opposes “Asianism” to “European values” as two monolithic and unchanging spiritual substances. Reviewing materials of field researches of Chinese immigrants in France, the article reveals a diversity of collective and individual identity in the space of interaction between Chinese and French cultural models.
An Early Sixteenth-century Astrologico-astronomical Collection from the Library of Tomsk State University: Structure, Purpose, Features
Authors: Акопян О.Л.
Published: May 2022

Статья вводит в научный оборот ранее неизвестный астролого-астрономический сборник начала XVI века из Научной библиотеки Томского государственного университета. Помимо общего описания рукописи, в статье предпринята попытка показать ее место в контексте истории знания эпохи европейского Возрождения.

The essay uncovers a previously unknown early sixteenth-century astrologico-astronomical manuscript from the Library of Tomsk State University. Alongside a general description of the manuscript, this article contextualises it within the history of knowledge of the European Renaissance.
"The Passion for Vladimir" or to whom "Kiev-Russian heritage" belongs
Authors: Ищенко А.С.
Published: May 2022

В контексте развития историографии, посвященной князю Владимиру Святославичу и истории его памяти, рассматривается работа известного исследователя истории Киевской Руси В.М. Рычки «Володимир Великий: Лицарь Духу». Показаны как достоинства книги, так и некоторые ее недостатки, главный из которых, на взгляд рецензента, заключается в телеологичности авторского подхода или «украинизации» образа святого равноапостольного князя и его наследия.

In the context of the development of historiography dedicated to Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich and the history of his memory, the work of the famous researcher of the history of Kievan Rus V.M. Richka "Volodymyr the Great: Face to the Spirit" is considered. Both the advantages of the book and some of its shortcomings are shown. One of the main shortcomings, according to the reviewer, is the teleological character of the author's approach or the “Ukrainization” of the image of the Holy Prince and his legacy.
«Adherents of the idea of preserving the historical principles of society and the state...»: Personality and History of “Russian khranitel'stvo”
Authors: Болдин В.А. , Карипов Б.Н. , Страхов А.Б.
Published: May 2022

В статье-рецензии, посвященной книге А.А. Ширинянца и С.В. Перевезенцева «Очерки истории русского хранительства: Монография. Часть I» (М., 2021) показан особый подход авторов к оригинальному и всеобъемлющему направ-лению русской мысли, стремящемуся сочетать естественное развитие России с сохранением традиционных основ. Особое внимание уделено тому, какую роль в хранительстве играла личность – как непосредственные авторы идей, так и те представления о месте личности в истории и политике, которые попа-дали в фокус их внимания.

In the article-review devoted to the book by A.A. Shirinyants and S.V. Perev-zentsev " Essays on the History of Russian Custodians (‘Khranitel’stvo’).: A Mono-graph. Part I" (Moscow, 2021) shows the authors' special approach to the original and comprehensive direction of Russian thought, striving to combine the natural development of Russia with the preservation of traditional foundations. Particular attention is paid to the role played by the individual in the “khranitel'stvo” – both the direct authors of the ideas, and those ideas about the place of the individual in history and politics that came into the focus of their attention.
Um olhar no cuidado ao recém-nascido: percepções da educação permanente online no âmbito da saúde materno-infantil em tempos de pandemia
Authors: DILLENBURG Simone de Paula , PICOLOTO Daiana , SICA Caroline  D'Azevedo , KUNZLER Ilse Maria , SCHACKER Lisara Carneiro
Published: May 2022

O estudo foi desenvolvido junto ao Projeto de Extensão Educar, da Universidade Feevale, vinculado ao Programa Mãe-bebê, que tem como objetivo promover ações de Educação Permanente em Saúde. O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar as percepções dos participantes acerca da Educação Permanente online e suas contribuições no processo de trabalho no âmbito da saúde materno-infantil. O estudo caracterizou-se por uma pesquisa descritiva, quanti-qualitativa. Agentes Comunitários de Saúde e demais profissionais da saúde foram convidados a participar da capacitação online e síncrona intitulada “Um olhar no cuidado ao recém-nascido na visita domiciliar”. Ao final, 96 participantes foram convidados a responder um questionário. O estudo reforçou o papel da universidade e a contínua interlocução ensino-serviço e concluiu que as abordagens, mesmo que remotas, podem potencializar a comunicação das equipes, permitindo maior capilaridade e agilidade das informações e uma melhor interação de experiências.
From integrability to chaos in quantum Liouvillians
Authors: Rubio-García Alvaro , Molina Rafael , Dukelsky Jorge
Published: May 2022

The dynamics of open quantum systems can be described by a Liouvillian, which in the Markovian approximation fulfills the Lindblad master equation. We present a family of integrable many-body Liouvillians based on Richardson-Gaudin models with a complex structure of the jump operators. Making use of this new region of integrability, we study the transition to chaos in terms of a two-parameter Liouvillian. The transition is characterized by the spectral statistics of the complex eigenvalues of the Liouvillian operators using the nearest neighbor spacing distribution and by the ratios between eigenvalue distances.
Primordial black holes as dark matter candidates
Authors: Carr Bernard , Kühnel Florian
Published: May 2022

We review the formation and evaporation of primordial black holes
(PBHs) and their possible contribution to dark matter. Various
constraints suggest they could only provide most of it in the mass
windows 10^{17}\;1017 – 10^{23}\;1023g
or 1010
– 10^2\;M_{\odot}102M⊙,
with the last possibility perhaps being suggested by the LIGO/Virgo
observations. However, PBHs could have important consequences even if
they have a low cosmological density. Sufficiently large ones might
generate cosmic structures and provide seeds for the supermassive black
holes in galactic nuclei. Planck-mass relics of PBH evaporations or
stupendously large black holes bigger than
10^{12}\;M_{\odot}1012M⊙
could also be an interesting dark component.
Difficult Concepts and Practices of Computational Thinking Using Block-based Programming
Authors: Moon Hyunchang , Cheon Jongpil , Kwon Kyungbin
Published: May 2022

To help novice learners overcome the obstacles of learning computational thinking (CT) through programming, it is vital to identify difficult CT components. This study aimed to determine the computational concepts and practices that learners may have difficulties acquiring and discuss how programming instructions should be designed to facilitate learning CT in online learning environments. Participants included 92 undergraduate students enrolled in an online course. Data were collected from a CT knowledge test and coding journals. Results revealed that four computational concepts (i.e., parallelism, conditionals, data, and operators) and two computational practices (i.e., testing and debugging and abstracting and modularizing) were identified as CT components that were difficult to learn. The findings of this study imply that CT instructions should offer additional instructional supports to enhance the mastery of difficult computational concepts and practices. Further research is necessary to investigate instructional approaches to successful CT learning.
Fibrous hamartoma of infancy of rare localization, clinical cases
Authors: Kagantsov I. M. , Sukhotskaya A. A. , Shcherbakov A. A. , Vitovshchik M. G. , Vorobyeva O. M. , Ryazanov P. A. , Dinikina Yu. V. , Pervunina T. M.
Published: May 2022

Fibrous hamartoma of infancy (FHI) is a rare tumor, accounting for less than 2% of soft tissue tumors occurring in the first year of life. The tumor arises from the subcutaneous tissue and is most often found in the armpit, then in the shoulder, groin and chest wall. The characteristic microscopic appearance of FHI is the presence of three tissue types in varying proportions: well-defined bundles of dense fibrous connective tissue, primitive mesenchyme (organized in nests, concentric whorls, or bands), and intermediate mature adipose tissue. Surgical removal is the main choice of treatment for this pathology. We report 2 cases of rare FHI localized in the gluteal region and the region of the posterior upper third of the thigh. At the same time, in one observation, the lesion affected only the subcutaneous fat, and in the second, a widespread invasive process in the muscles was noted. Despite the benign nature of the tumor, its spread is characterized by invasive growth (it does not have a capsule and a clear border with the surrounding tissues), which can cause difficulties for surgeons during the primary operation in determining the boundaries of FHI removal. For this purpose, we consider it expedient to use an express biopsy during surgery.
Combined Cognitive Model for Forecasting University Activities
Authors: Mikryukov A. A. , Mazurov M. E.
Published: May 2022

Purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to develop a model for predicting university performance indicators based on a cognitive approach, which is based on the construction of a cognitive map that reflects the influence of a set of latent factors on the basic indicators and provides a solution to the problem of scenario forecasting. The degree of achievement of the required values of the basic indicators that determine the ranking of the university depends on the magnitude of the increment of the identified latent factors. The developed model makes it possible to choose the most preferable variant of scenario forecasting under the existing restrictions on the resources allocated for the increment of latent factors.Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, cognitive modeling methods based on gray fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) were used in combination with methods of interval mathematics and causal algebra. The application of the considered approach made it possible to reduce the uncertainty of expert estimates of the strength of the relationship between the concepts of the cognitive map due to the use of special constructions in the form of interval estimates rather than point estimates when describing the relationships between the concepts, which ensured an increase in the reliability of the modeling results. The developed model is created based on an ensemble of gray FCMs, which, in turn, made it possible to increase the accuracy and reliability of the predictive model. The proposed approach to solving the problem of predicting the activities of the university made it possible to develop an adequate cognitive model.Results. The developed cognitive model of the university’s activities made it possible to analyze the dynamics of changes in factors and their influence on basic indicators, as well as the dynamics of the development of the system of indicators. The calculation made it possible to choose the most cost-effective scenario for incrementing the values of latent factors to obtain the required value of the university ranking in the framework of the QS international institutional ranking of universities. A comparative analysis of the results of scenario forecasting based on conventional FCM, gray FCM, and an ensemble of gray FCM was carried out, which showed the advantage of the proposed approach.Conclusion. During the study, a fuzzy cognitive model was developed for scenario forecasting of measures to achieve the required values of university performance targets in the QS international institutional ranking based on an ensemble of gray FCMs. The developed model provides, under the given constraints, obtaining the most acceptable scenario for planning the increment of basic indicators to target values by identifying the latent factors influencing them and calculating the required values of impulse effects on latent factors.
Knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among female nursing students at Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia
Authors:   Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia, et al. Alotaibi
Published: May 2022

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in Saudi Arabia, as well as worldwide. Most breast cancer cases are detected at advanced stages, and one possible reason is that many Saudi women are not aware of breast self-examination (BSE). Few studies have examined the knowledge and practice of BSE among female nursing students in Saudi Arabia, and most of those have focused on major cities. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the knowledge and practice of BSE among Saudi nursing students at Majma’ah University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design involving 100 nursing students there. The results of this research have revealed that there is a low level of practice of BSE among nursing students and irregular performance of BSE for those who practice it. Subsequently, there is an urgent need to empower awareness, attitude, and practice of BSE among nursing students in Saudi Arabia.