bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conciencia y visibilidad. Retos a las prácticas de gestión o principios del turismo sostenible
Authors: Padilla-Vargas Martha Raquel
Published: June 2020

El trabajo tiene como objetivo principal esbozar los orígenes de la sostenibilidad desde sus tres dimensiones, toda vez que nos permite instaurar nuevos retos a las prácticas de gestión dentro de una actividad turística sostenible y responsable, lo cual genera conciencia y visibilidad a fin de maximizar los beneficios de la actividad turística al interior de los entornos empresariales, ambientales y socioculturales.

Con el propósito de medir el alcance del estudio y sus repercusiones, nos cuestionamos: ¿Es posible lograr que el sector sea sostenible y contribuya así al desarrollo económico, el empleo y la reducción de la pobreza sin destruir la cultura y dañar el medio ambiente?

En ese sentido, sabemos que el turismo es una actividad en permanente evolución y cuyos procedimientos básicos en torno a la sostenibilidad nos conducen a reflexionar sobre métodos propicios que nos permitan entender a la sostenibilidad como un factor clave para el presente y futuro del desarrollo de la actividad turística, sin embargo hay que tener en consideración un fenómeno que puede traer conflictos a la hora de llevar a cabo la operación turística, se trata de la masificación de los destinos.

Por ello, dentro de los principales resultados y conclusiones, podemos mencionar que la sostenibilidad puede tener un objetivo vital a largo plazo, no obstante, a la sostenibilidad hay que verla a partir de dos vertientes: una fuerte y otra débil; entendiendo a la Sostenibilidad Fuerte cuyo enfoque es ecocentrista y Débil cuyo enfoque es tecnocentrista.
Pelatihan Keterampilan Berkomunikasi Bahasa Inggris Bagi Pramusaji Kedai di Kawasan Wisata Aik Berik
Authors: Permana Dira , Qomariyah Siti Syafi’atul , Rizka Muhammad Arief
Published: June 2020

The English communication skill training for shop waiters in the tourism area of Aik Berik aims to provide theoretical and practical knowledge about the use of a variety of tourism English, expressions and vocabulary commonly used in providing services especially to foreign tourists. This training activity involved the shop waiters around the tourism area of Aik Berik. The mentors of this training were lectures and students majoring in English who had proficient English skills. The training activity took a place around the shop location in the tourism area of Aik Berik, Central Lombok. The training method included material presentation including greetings, showing the way, kinds of food and beverage, menus, price lists, fruits, expressions, mini conversations and the practice of making short conversations among participants regarding the materials that had been taught. The results of the evaluation during the training showed high interest and enthusiasm of the shop waiters in participating in the whole series of training activities ranging from socialization to the implementation of the training. The shop waiters also showed an increase in the capability of using the language, expressions and vocabularies as well as better self-confidence in providing services for tourists. Participants also gave high appreciation to the presence of lectures and students as trainers and hoped that similar activities could continue to be carried out in order to enrich insight and improve communication skills and confidence of tourism activists, especially shop waiters in the Aik Berik tourism area.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Masyarakat Desa Jelantik Dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Corona Virus Diseases–19 (Covid-19)
Authors: Sulaeman Sulaeman , Supriadi Supriadi
Published: June 2020

The emergence of Corona Virus Diseases-19 outbreaks encourages the importance of educating and raising awareness about the importance of a clean and healthy lifestyle. In addition, the community needs to know with certainty the transmission and prevention of Covid-19 so that it does not become an epidemic in Jelantik Village, Central Lombok Regency. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide a scientific picture and be easily understood by the community at the level of the Hamlet and Jonggat Village to anticipate the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. The activity stage was designed for 2 days, which was preceded by coordination and communication with the Jonggat village. Preparation intended is the determination of the direction and target of activities, activity models, follow-up activities and locations of activity concentration. The results of this activity are very much in line with what was expected, namely the activities carried out by the people who were present actively asking about the material provided. This shows that their great curiosity and high attention of participants to increase their knowledge about how to prevent and deal with Covid-19 and how to maintain good personal and environmental health
Pembinaan Santri Pondok Pesantren NW Kayangan Lombok Barat dalam Pembuatan Produk Olahan Jamur Tiram Berbasis Entrepreneurship
Authors: Efendi Ismail , Dewi Ika Nurani , Utami Septiana Dwi , Harisanti Baiq Muli , Primawati Sri Nopita
Published: June 2020

Oyster mushrooms have high economic potential because they can be processed into a variety of foods and snacks, as well as prospects for development in the community. One of the potentials that can be used by the hut to hone students' life skills is by providing training for the manufacture of oyster mushroom products. The purpose of these community service activities is to be expected later when students graduating from the NW Kayangan Islamic Boarding School can become young entrepreneurs who make them economically independent and can open new jobs for the people in their respective homes. Community service activities focus on training in processing oyster mushrooms into products in the form of nutritious satay and crispy mushrooms that are nutritious and of high economic value, targeting the students and teachers at Pondok NW Kayangan, West Lombok Regency. The activity method includes: (1) preparation phase, (2) counseling, and (3) demonstration and training on making oyster mushroom and crispy mushroom. This activity increases the knowledge and skills of students in processing oyster mushroom raw materials. This is evidenced by the results of processed oyster mushrooms in the form of mushroom satay and krispi mushroom created by teachers and students.
Piroliz sıcaklığının biyoçarların bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri üzerine etkileri
Authors: AKKURT Burhan , GÜNAL Hikmet , ERDEM Halil , GÜNAL Elif
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, yedi farklı hammaddeden 3 farklı sıcaklıkta (300, 400 ve 600 ºC) piroliz ile elde edilen biyoçarların çeşitli fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri belirlenmiş ve bitki yetiştiriciliği açısından karşılaştırılmaları yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, bölgede kolaylıkla temin edilebilen domates atıkları (sap, gövde ve yaprakları), kavak talaşı, buğday samanı, mısır koçanı, fasulye atıkları, çeltik kavuzu ve büyükbaş hayvan gübresi hammadde olarak kullanılmıştır. Üretilen biyoçarların, verimi, spesifik yüzey alanları (SYA), tarla kapasitesi (TK), solma noktası (SN) ve yarayışlı su içerikleri (YSİ), pH, elektriksel iletkenlik (EC), katyon değişim kapasitesi (KDK), toplam karbon (C) ve azot (N), kalsiyum (Ca), magnezyum (Mg), potasyum (K), çinko (Zn), demir (Fe), bakır (Cu) ve mangan (Mn) konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Piroliz sıcaklığının 300 ºC’den 600 ºC’ye çıkarılması tüm biyoçar çeşitlerinde üretilen biyoçar miktarında ve SYA’nında azalmaya neden olmuştur. SYA’daki en belirgin azalma 300 ºC’de 758.3 m2 g-1 olan yüzey alanı 600 ºC’de 250.8 m2 g-1‘e düşen kavak talaşı olmuştur. Piroliz sıcaklığının artışı istatistiksel olarak önemli olmamakla birlikte TK, SN ve YSİ’nde artışa neden olmuştur. Nem içeriklerinde olduğu gibi, piroliz sıcaklığının artışı tüm biyoçar çeşitlerinin pH değerlerinin istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde artmasına neden olmuştur. Bununla birlikte EC değerleri sıcaklık artışından önemli düzeyde etkilenmemiştir. Biyoçar çeşidine bağlı olarak önemli ölçüde değişkenlik gösteren KDK değerleri 300 ºC’lik piroliz sıcaklığında 33.47 cmolc kg-1’den 88.16 cmolc kg-1’a, 400 ºC’de 41.87 cmolc kg-1’den 78.68 cmolc kg-1’e ve 600 ºC’de ise 23.27 cmolc kg-1’den 68.03 cmolc kg-1’e kadar değişkenlik göstermiştir. Sıcaklık artışı ile büyükbaş hayvan gübresinden üretilen biyoçarın toplam karbon içeriği azalırken fasulye biyoçarında bir değişim olmamış ancak diğer beş biyoçarın karbon içeriği artmıştır. Sıcaklık artışı özellikle 400 ºC’den sonra toplam N içeriğinin önemli düzeyde azalmasına yol açmıştır. Tüm biyoçar çeşitlerinde piroliz sıcaklığının 300 ºC’den 600 ºC’ye çıkarılması P ve K içeriklerinin artışına yol açmıştır. Sonuçlar, biyoçarların verimlerinin ve özelliklerinin piroliz sıcaklığına bağlı olarak önemli oranda değiştiğini göstermiştir. Yüksek sıcaklıkta (600 °C) üretilen biyoçarların çoğunlukla daha yüksek pH ve EC değerlerine ve mikro (Cu, Fe, Zn ve Mn) ve makro (P, K, Ca ve Mg) element konsantrasyonlarına sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.
PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN UNTUK MENURUNKAN KECEMASAN PADA PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL DENGAN HEMODIALISA
Authors: Rahmawati Desi , W Maulidta K
Published: June 2020

Hemodialisa merupakan pengobatan yang digunakan untuk pasien gagal ginjal tahap akhir pengobatan menggunakan hemodialisa tiga kali dalam seminggu untuk mengeluarkan cairan dan produk limbah dari dalam tubuh secara akut maupun secara progresif. Ketergantungan pasien terhadap terapi hemodialisa yang dijalani seumur hidup dapatmemunculkan permasalahan fisik dan psikis, salah satunya adalah kecemasan.

Tujuan studi kasus ini memberikan pendidikan kesehatan untuk menurunkan kecemasan pada pasien gagal ginjal kronik dengan hemodialisa.

Dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien gagal ginjal kronik.Subyek dari penelitian ini adalah 2 responden dengan kriteria inklusi dalam studi kasus ini adalah pasien yang baru menjalani hemodialisa, pasien yang memiliki fungsi pendengaran dengan baik, pasien yang memiliki kecemasan ringan dan sedang, pasien yang bersedia menjadi responden.

Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa ke 2 responden didapatkan hasil pada pasien 1 sebelum diberikan pendidikan kesehatan skor kecemasan 25 setelah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan skor kecemasan 15 sedangkan pada pasien ke 2 sebelum diberikan pendidikan kesehatan skor kecemasan 26 seletah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan skor kecemasan 21.

Disimpulkan bahwa Terdapat perbedaan pengaruh pemberian pendidikan kesehatan, reflet dan booklet terhadap tingkat kecemasan pada pasien 1 mengalami kecemasan ringan sedangkan pasien 2 mengalami kecemasan sedang.
GAMBARAN INISIASI MENYUSUI DINI TERHADAP PRODUKSI ASIPADA IBU POSTPARTUM DI RSUD TUGUREJO SEMARANG
Authors: Rini Setyowati , Sukesi Niken
Published: June 2020

Faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup manusia dimulai sedini mungkin yaitu sejak masih bayi dan faktor penting yang mendukung yaitu pemberian ASI. Inisiasi menyusui dini adalah keadaan dimana membiarkan bayi dengan nalurinya sendiri mulai menyusui segera setelah lahir dengan cara ditaruh di dada ibu sampai ia menyusui sendiri. Penerapan inisiasi menyusui dini pada ibu postpartum masih sering diabaikan. Orang tua yang telah menyadari pentingnya memberikan ASI pada satu jam pertama kepada bayinya semakin meningkat, tetapi masih ditemukan kendala di masyarakat yaitu belum banyak masyarakat yang mendapatkan secara nyata tentang pemberian inisiasi menyusu dini ini karena banyaknya bidan yang dalam persalinan tidak menerapkan inisiasi menyusu dini. Tujuan Penelitian : Mengetahui gambaran inisiasi menyusui dini terhadap produksi ASI pada ibu postpartum. Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu postpartum di RSUD Tugurejo Semarang. Teknik sampling penelitian adalah menggunakan non probabiliti sampling dengan pendekatan purposive sampling. Hasil dari penel;itian ini diketahui dari 5 responden yaitu ibu postpartum di RSUD Tugurejo Semarang yang dilakukan inisiasi menyusui dini dengan berhasil menunjukkan produksi ASI cukup. Berdasarkan penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa gambaran inisiasi menyusui dini terhadap ibu postpartum di RSUD Tugurejo Semarang cukup.
TEKNIK RELAKSASI NAFAS DALAM UNTUK MENURUNKAN SKALA NYERI PADA PASIEN POST OPERASI SECTIO CAESAREA
Authors: Tri Astuti Marsela , Niken Sukesi
Published: June 2020

Post sectio caesarea memberikan komplikasi seperti nyeri. Untuk penanganan nyeri dapat dilakukan berupa teknik relaksasi nafas dalam yang merupakan penatalaksanaan secara non farmakologi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas teknik relaksasi nafas dalam terhadap penurunan skala nyeri pada pasien post operasi section caesarea. Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Subjek penelitian ini dilakukan pada pasien yang mengalami nyeri post operasi section caesarea yang berada di ruang Bougenville di RSUD Tugurejo Semarang. Teknik sampling penelitian adalah mengunakan non probability sampling dengan pendekatan purposive sampling yaitu sebanyak 5 responden. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat diketahui dari 5 responden sesudah dilakukan teknik relaksasi nafas dalam yang mengalami nyeri ringan sebanyak 4 dan responden yang mengalami nyeri sedang sebanyak 1. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa teknik relaksasi nafas dalam mampu menurunkan intensitas nyeri pada pasien post operasi section caesarea di RSUD Tugurejo Semarang.
RELAKSASI OTOT PROGRESIF UNTUK MENURUNKAN KECEMASAN PADA PASIEN ASMA BRONCHIAL
Authors: Ambarwati Patri , Supriyanti Endang
Published: June 2020

Keadaan seseorang yang mengalami asma bronchial dapat menimbulkan rasa berdebar-debar, tangan kaki sering berkeringat, kesemutan, dan merasa tremor. Keluhan tersebut termasuk kedalam tanda dan gejala dari kecemasan. Kecemasan dapat diatasi menggunakan relaksasi otot progresif karena dapat mempengaruhi hipotalamus yang menurunkan kerja sistem saraf simpatis melalui peningkatan kerja saraf parasimpatis, sehingga dapat menurunkan tingkat kecemasan pada pasien asma brochial. Tujuan studi kasus ini adalah menyusun resume asuhan keperawatan (pengkajian, diagnosa keperawatan, perencanaan, implementasi dan evaluasi) dengan penerapan relaksasi otot progresif untuk menurunkan kecemasan pada pasien asma bronchial. Subyek dari penelitian ini adalah dua pasien dengan kriteria inklusi pasien dewasa yang mengalami asma serangan berulang dengan tingkat kecemasan sedang dan bersedia menjadi responden. Hasil studi menunjukan bahwa pasien I dan II yang telah dilakukan terapi relaksasi otot progresif mengalami penurunan kecemasan dari tingkat kecemasan sedang menjadi normal atau tidak cemas. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa relaksasi otot progresif dapat menurunkan kecemasan pada pasien asma bronchial. Sehingga pasien dianjurkan untuk melakukan relaksasi otot progresif bila tanda dan kecemasan muncul lagi.
GENGGAM BOLA UNTUK MENGATASI HAMBATAN MOBILITAS FISIK PADA PASIEN STROKE NONHEMORAGIK
Authors: Azizah Nur , Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih
Published: June 2020

Stroke non hemoragik (SNH) yaitu sumbatan oleh bekuan darah penyempitan sebuah arteri atau beberapa arteri yang mengarah ke otak, atau embolus yang terlepas dari jantung atau arteri ekstrakranial (arteri yang berada di luar tengkorak) menyebabkan sumbatan di satu atau beberapa arteri intrakranial arteri yang berada di dalam tengkorak. Tujuan studi kasus yaitu menyusun resum asuhan keperawatan (pengkajian, diagnosa, perencanaan, implementasi dan evaluasi) dalam penerapan genggam bola untuk mengatasi hambatan mobilitas fisik pada pasien stroke non hemoragik. Jenis studi kasus ini adalah deskriptif, menggunakan metode pendekatan studi kasus dengan instrumen skala nilai kekuatan otot, lembar observasi dan SOP genggam bola. Subyek dari studi kasus ini adalah 2 orang pasien stroke non hemoragik dengan kriteria pasien mengalami hemiparesis sebagian. Studi kasus dilakukan di RSUD Dr. Adhyatma, MPH Semarang di ruang Alamanda selama 6 hari dengan diberikan pemanasan genggam bola dalam waktu 3-10 menit. Hasil studi kasus pada pasien I dan II mengalami peningkatan skala kekuatan otot. Disimpulkan bahwa studi kasus dalam penerapan genggam bola dapat mengatasi hambatan mobilitas fisik pada pasien SNH.
Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) essential oil from tipaza (Algeria): in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in experimental animal models
Authors: Kehili Sarah , Boukhatem Mohamed Amine , Belkadi Asma , Boulaghmen Faiza , Ferhat Mohamed Amine , Setzer William N.
Published: June 2020

Introduction
Although analgesic and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are usually used to treat a diversity of illnesses, their administration is linked with acute kidney injury and gastrointestinal side effects. The research of new biomolecules and natural products is still needed such as medicinal plants.
Aims
The present research was aimed to investigate, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of spearmint essential oil (SEO) in mouse models of acute inflammation and pain.
Materials and Method
Chemical analysis of SEO was done by gas chromatography. The anti-inflammatory activity was tested using two models of acute inflammation namely carrageenan-induced paw edema and xylene-induced ear edema. Histological examination of both non-inflamed and inflamed tissues was evaluated. The anti-nociceptive activity was tested using the pain model induced by acetic acid.
Results
The main constituent of the SEO was found to be carvone (52.60%). The SEO exhibited a promising anti-inflammatory effect as demonstrated by statistically significant (p<0.05) inhibition of paw volume by 77.24% at the dose of 20 µL/kg and 65.87% at the dose of 200 µL/kg. Furthermore, topical administration of the SEO inhibited xylene-induced ear edema in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). The higher dose (200 µL /kg) significantly (p<0.001) reduced xylene-induced ear edema which was similar to that observed with positive control (ketoprofen). The pathological analysis of the paws and ears revealed that SEO was capable of reducing cellular infiltration and subcutaneous edema. Else, the SEO produced significant anti-nociceptive activity (p<0.001) at higher dose by inhibiting spontaneous nociception.
Conclusion
These results support the use of SEO in the development of pharmaceuticals for the management of inflammation and pain.
Welfare of Free-Roaming Horses: 70 Years of Experience with Konik Polski Breeding in Poland
Authors: Górecka-Bruzda Aleksandra , Jaworski Zbigniew , Jaworska Joanna , Siemieniuch Marta
Published: June 2020

To prevent abuse and to assure the welfare of domestic horses, attempts to assess welfare in a standardized way have been made. Welfare-assessment tools often refer to the physical and social environments of feral domestic horses as examples of welfare-friendly conditions for horses. However, free-roaming horses are often exposed to conditions or states that may be regarded as welfare threats or abuse. The aim of this review was to present cases of welfare compromises as well as natural ways to restore high standards of welfare to Konik polski horses (Koniks) living in semiferal conditions in a forest sanctuary over the course of 70 years. Welfare problems in Koniks related to feeding, locomotor, social, reproductive, and comfort behavior, as well as health issues concerning hoof trimming and parasitism in Koniks, are discussed. Periodic food scarcity or abundance, stressful events around weaning and gathering, the consequences of fights among stallions, exposure to sire aggression during dispersal, lameness during “self-trimming,” exposure to insect harassment, high levels of parasitism, and specific landscape formations may endanger free-roaming horses. It has to be underlined that despite the excellent adaptability of horses to free-roaming conditions, one should be aware that welfare problems are to be expected in any semiferal population. Here, we present the management system applied for 70 years in free-roaming Konik polski horses that minimizes welfare threats. It allows close follow-up of individual horses, the strict monitoring of health and welfare on a daily basis, and if necessary, instant reactions from caretakers in cases of emergency. Moreover, it addresses the problem of starvation due to overgrazing and thus, the ethical controversy related to the eradication of surplus animals causing environmental damage.
In Situ Bioremediation Techniques to Reduce Total Organic Matter Oversaturation of Fluvial Sediments: An Experimental Study
Authors: Rochera Carlos , Picazo Antonio , Murueta Nayeli , Camacho Antonio
Published: June 2020

An in situ experiment was performed in sediments of River Magro (east Spain) in order to evaluate the usefulness of microbial bioremediation, both bioaugmentation and biostimulation, as a tool for reducing the excessive organic matter (OM) content in dammed river stretches due to historical wastewater spilling. The study had a prospective approach focused on the application of a biologically active commercial product (BAP), consisting of a mix of bacterial strains, ectoenzymes, and nutrients, where a range of concentrations and temporal dosages of the product were experimentally assayed in situ. They were further combined with the addition of potential organic enhancers, such as acetate, as well as of inhibitors of specific microbial guilds. On the other hand, inorganic electron acceptors for the anaerobic respiration of the organic matter were additionally amended. In additional assays, the BAP additions were combined with inorganic nutrients amendments, or even the latter were tested alone. These combinative treatments aimed at exploring the possible enhancement of synergistic or antagonistic interactions among the amended compounds, as well as the eventual effect of growth limiting factors. The single BAP additions of 50 g/m3 led to OM reductions of up to 17%, and significant removals of nitrogen or phosphorus were additionally observed by increasing or by fractioning the BAP dosage, respectively. However, a better response using the same amount of the BAP was obtained by supplementing it with sodium acetate. In this case, reductions of the OM content reached up to 35% of the accumulated OM, thus indicating that a complementary stimulus is still necessary to run out barriers towards the final steps of the anaerobic OM digestion. This treatment was also linked to the strongest significant drop in the TP content of the sediments. Neither the addition of inorganic electron acceptors nor inorganic nutrients improved the results, or they were even antagonistic of the degradative potential of the BAP product. Apparently, the occurrence of acetoclastic microorganisms, which was demonstrated by high throughput DNA-sequencing, was critical for the optimal OM reductions in the sediments. This exploratory study demonstrates that the applicability of BAPs can be extended to cover the remediation of fluvial ecosystems, and support the complementarity of different bioremediation strategies.
Effect of Alkyl Structure (Straight Chain/Branched Chain/Unsaturation) of C18 Fatty Acid Sodium Soap on Skin Barrier Function
Authors: Kubota Koji , Kakishita Akie , Okasaka Mana , Tokunaga Yuka , Takata Sadaki
Published: June 2020

Anionic surfactants are commonly used as detergents and emulsifiers. However, these compounds are potent skin irritants. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the alkyl structure of anionic surfactants on the skin barrier function using the transmission index (TI) method. The TI method is used to measure the skin penetration rate of drugs. Sodium soaps of C18 fatty acids with different structures were evaluated. Sodium laurate was used as the control. In addition, microscopic observations of the skin tissue treated with different soaps and controls were performed to study the mechanism of skin permeation. Results showed that unsaturated fatty acid soaps exerted the most potent effect on the skin barrier function and saturated fatty acid soaps exerted the least effect; saturated branched fatty acid soap had an intermediate effect. This could be attributed to the differences in the melting points of different fatty acids. In addition, unlike lauric acid soap, C18 fatty acid soap did not cause morphological changes in the skin tissue. Thus, differences in the alkyl structure of fatty acids resulted in differences in the effect of fatty acid soaps on the skin barrier function. The mechanism was presumed to be an effect on intercellular lipids.
The Possibility of Using the Probiotic Starter Culture Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LOCK900 in Dry Fermented Pork Loins and Sausages Produced Under Industrial Conditions
Authors: Neffe-Skocińska Katarzyna , Okoń Anna , Zielińska Dorota , Szymański Piotr , Sionek Barbara , Kołożyn-Krajewska Danuta
Published: June 2020

Probiotic strains used in the production of dry fermented meat should have appropriate technological properties comparable to traditional starter cultures used in meat processing. The problem arises when probiotics are added to a nonsterile food matrix, such as meat, and when it is uncertain whether these microorganisms have dominated the environment. The study aimed to assess the microbiological, physicochemical quality and safety of dry fermented pork loins and sausages with the addition of the probiotic starter culture LOCK900, produced under industrial conditions. Additionally, genetic identification by the PCR method and the presence of LOCK900 in the final products and after storage was done. It was demonstrated by the high number of LAB (>6.0 log cfu g −1) and confirmed the presence in 90% of the probiotic strain LOCK900 in the study of dry fermented meat products during all processing stages. Moreover, the safe and good quality loins and sausages can be stored in refrigerated, anaerobic conditions for 12 weeks, provided that optimized technological conditions are applied. In conclusion, the obtained results of the experiment showed that it is possible to create innovative functional dry fermented pork loins and sausages in a laboratory and then transfer the developed technology to full industrial conditions.
Multiresponsive Hybrid Microparticles for Stimuli-Responsive Delivery of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Vlasov Sergei S. , Postnikov Pavel S. , Belousov Mikhail V. , Krivoshchekov Sergei V. , Yusubov Mekhman S. , Guryev Artem M. , Di Martino Antonio
Published: June 2020

Hybrid microparticles based on an iron core and an amphiphilic polymeric shell have been prepared to respond simultaneously to magnetic and ultrasonic fields and variation in the surrounding pH to trigger and modulate the delivery of doxorubicin. The microparticles have been developed in four steps: (i) synthesis of the iron core; (ii) surface modification of the core; (iii) conjugation with the amphiphilic poly(lactic acid)-grafted chitosan; and (iv) doxorubicin loading. The particles demonstrate spherical shape, a size in the range of 1–3 µm and surface charge that is tuneable by changing the pH of the environment. The microparticles demonstrate good stability in simulated physiological solutions and are able to hold up to 400 µg of doxorubicin per mg of dried particles. The response to ultrasound and the changes in the shell structure during exposure to different pH levels allows the control of the burst intensity and release rate of the payload. Additionally, the magnetic response of the iron core is preserved despite the polymer coat. In vitro cytotoxicity tests performed on fibroblast NIH/3T3 demonstrate a reduction in the cell viability after administration of doxorubicin-loaded microparticles compared to the administration of free doxorubicin. The application of ultrasound causes a burst in the release of the doxorubicin from the carrier, causing a decrease in cell viability. The microparticles demonstrate in vitro cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility at concentrations of up to 50 and 60 µg/mL, respectively.
Force Control Improvement in Collaborative Robots through Theory Analysis and Experimental Endorsement
Authors: Pérez-Ubeda Rodrigo , Zotovic-Stanisic Ranko , Gutiérrez Santiago C.
Published: June 2020

Due to the elasticity of their joints, collaborative robots are seldom used in applications with force control. Besides, the industrial robot controllers are closed and do not allow the user to access the motor torques and other parameters, hindering the possibility of carrying out a customized control. A good alternative to achieve a custom force control is sending the output of the force regulator to the robot controller through motion commands (inner/outer loop control). There are different types of motion commands (e.g., position or velocity). They may be implemented in different ways (Jacobian inverse vs. Jacobian transpose), but this information is usually not available for the user. This article is dedicated to the analysis of the effect of different inner loops and their combination with several external controllers. Two of the most determinant factors found are the type of the inner loop and the stiffness matrix. The theoretical deductions have been experimentally verified on a collaborative robot UR3, allowing us to choose the best behaviour in a polishing operation according to pre-established criteria.
Double-Step U-Net: A Deep Learning-Based Approach for the Estimation of Wildfire Damage Severity through Sentinel-2 Satellite Data
Authors: Farasin Alessandro , Colomba Luca , Garza Paolo
Published: June 2020

Wildfire damage severity census is a crucial activity for estimating monetary losses and for planning a prompt restoration of the affected areas. It consists in assigning, after a wildfire, a numerical damage/severity level, between 0 and 4, to each sub-area of the hit area. While burned area identification has been automatized by means of machine learning algorithms, the wildfire damage severity census operation is usually still performed manually and requires a significant effort of domain experts through the analysis of imagery and, sometimes, on-site missions. In this paper, we propose a novel supervised learning approach for the automatic estimation of the damage/severity level of the hit areas after the wildfire extinction. Specifically, the proposed approach, leveraging on the combination of a classification algorithm and a regression one, predicts the damage/severity level of the sub-areas of the area under analysis by processing a single post-fire satellite acquisition. Our approach has been validated in five different European countries and on 21 wildfires. It has proved to be robust for the application in several geographical contexts presenting similar geological aspects.
Cyber Threat Actors for the Factory of the Future
Authors: Sailio Mirko , Latvala Outi-Marja , Szanto Alexander
Published: June 2020

The increasing degree of connectivity in factory of the future (FoF) environments, with systems that were never designed for a networked environment in terms of their technical security nature, is accompanied by a number of security risks that must be considered. This leads to the necessity of relying on risk assessment-based approaches to reach a sufficiently mature cyber security management level. However, the lack of common definitions of cyber threat actors (CTA) poses challenges in untested environments such as the FoF. This paper analyses policy papers and reports from expert organizations to identify common definitions of CTAs. A significant consensus exists only on two common CTAs, while other CTAs are often either ignored or overestimated in their importance. The identified motivations of CTAs are contrasted with the specific characteristics of FoF environments to determine the most likely CTAs targeting FoF environments. Special emphasis is given to corporate competitors, as FoF environments probably provide better opportunities than ever for industrial espionage if they are not sufficiently secured. In this context, the study aims to draw attention to the research gaps in this area.
Demand Control Strategies of a PCM Enhanced Ventilation System for Residential Buildings
Authors: Hu Yue , Heiselberg Per Kvols , Larsen Tine Steen
Published: June 2020

A ventilated window system enhanced by phase change material (PCM) has been developed, and its energy-saving potential examined in previous works. In this paper, the ventilation control strategies are further developed, to improve the energy-saving potential of the PCM energy storage. The influence of ventilation airflow rate on the energy-saving potential of the PCM storage is firstly studied based on an EnergyPlus model of a sustainable low energy house located in New York. It shows that in summer, the optimized ventilation airflow rate is 300 m3/h. The energy-saving of utilizing a ventilated window with PCM energy storage is 10.1% compared to using a stand-alone ventilated window, and 12.0% compared to using a standard window. In winter, the optimized ventilation airflow rate is 102 m3/h. The energy-saving of utilizing a ventilated window with PCM energy storage is 26.6% compared to using a stand-alone ventilated window, and 32.8% compared to using a standard window. Based on the optimized ventilation airflow rate, a demand control ventilation strategy, which personalizes the air supply and heat pump setting based on the demand of each room, is proposed and its energy-saving potential examined. The results show that the energy savings of using demand control compared to a constant ventilation airflow rate in the house is 14.7% in summer and 30.4% in winter.
Observation of Potential Contaminants in Processed Biomass Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhuang Jingshun , Li Mi , Pu Yunqiao , Ragauskas Arthur , Yoo Chang
Published: June 2020

With rapidly increased interests in biomass, diverse chemical and biological processes have been applied for biomass utilization. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis has been used for characterizing different types of biomass and their products, including natural and processed biomass. During biomass treatments, some solvents and/or catalysts can be retained and contaminate biomass. In addition, contaminants can be generated by the decomposition of biomass components. Herein, we report FTIR analyses of a series of contaminants, such as various solvents, chemicals, enzymes, and possibly formed degradation by-products in the biomass conversion process along with poplar biomass. This information helps to prevent misunderstanding the FTIR analysis results of the processed biomass.
Mapping Forest Fire Risk and Development of Early Warning System for NW Vietnam Using AHP and MCA/GIS Methods
Authors: Van Hoang Thanh , Chou Tien Yin , Fang Yao Min , Nguyen Ngoc Thach , Nguyen Quoc Huy , Xuan Canh Pham , Ngo Bao Toan Dang , Nguyen Xuan Linh , Meadows Michael E.
Published: June 2020

Forest fires constitute a major environmental problem in tropical countries, especially in the context of climate change and increasing human populations. This paper aims to identify the causes of frequent forest fires in Son La Province, a fire-prone and forested mountainous region in northwest Vietnam, with a view to constructing a forest fire-related database with multiple layers of natural, social and economic information, extracted largely on the basis of Landsat 7 images. The assessment followed an expert systems approach, applying multi-criteria analysis (MCA) with an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weights of the individual parameters related to forest fires. A multi-indicator function with nine parameters was constructed to establish a forest fire risk map at a scale of 1:100,000 for use at the provincial level. The results were verified through regression analysis, yielding R2 = 0.86. A real-time early warning system for forest fire areas has been developed for practical use by the relevant government authorities to provide more effective forest fire prevention planning for Son La Province.
A Measurement Software for Professional Training in Early Detection of Melanoma
Authors: Cacciapuoti Sara , Di Leo Giuseppe , Ferro Matteo , Liguori Consolatina , Masarà Anna , Scalvenzi Massimiliano , Sommella Paolo , Fabbrocini Gabriella
Published: June 2020

Software systems have been long introduced as support to the early detection of melanoma through the automatic analysis of suspicious skin lesions. Nevertheless, their behavior is not yet similar to the performance exhibited by expert dermatologists in terms of diagnostic accuracy. Instead, a software system should be adopted by non-experienced dermatologists in order to improve the measurement and detection results for skin atypical patterns and the accuracy of the corresponding second opinion. This paper describes an image-based measurement and classification system able to score pigmented skin lesions according to the Seven-Point Check-list diagnostic method. Focus is devoted to the measurement procedure of biological structures more closely related to the atypical character of the nevus. Moreover, the performances of the measurement system are evaluated by considering the support to dermatologists with different experiences during the clinical activity.
A Connected Autonomous Vehicle Testbed: Capabilities, Experimental Processes and Lessons Learned
Authors: Kent Thomas , Pipe Anthony , Richards Arthur , Hutchinson Jim , Schuster Wolfgang
Published: June 2020

VENTURER was one of the first three UK government funded research and innovation projects on Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) and was conducted predominantly in the South West region of the country. A series of increasingly complex scenarios conducted in an urban setting were used to: (i) evaluate the technology created as a part of the project; (ii) systematically assess participant responses to CAVs and; (iii) inform the development of potential insurance models and legal frameworks. Developing this understanding contributed key steps towards facilitating the deployment of CAVs on UK roads. This paper aims to describe the VENTURER Project trials, their objectives and detail some of the key technologies used. Importantly we aim to introduce some informative challenges that were overcame and the subsequent project and technological lessons learned in a hope to help others plan and execute future CAV research. The project successfully integrated several technologies crucial to CAV development. These included, a Decision Making System using behaviour trees to make high level decisions; A pilot-control system to smoothly and comfortably turn plans into throttle and steering actuation; Sensing and perception systems to make sense of raw sensor data; Inter-CAV Wireless communication capable of demonstrating vehicle-to-vehicle communication of potential hazards. The closely coupled technology integration, testing and participant-focused trial schedule led to a greatly improved understanding of the engineering and societal barriers that CAV development faces. From a behavioural standpoint the importance of reliability and repeatability far outweighs a need for novel trajectories, while the sensor-to-perception capabilities are critical, the process of verification and validation is extremely time consuming. Additionally, the added capabilities that can be leveraged from inter-CAV communications shows the potential for improved road safety that could result. Importantly, to effectively conduct human factors experiments in the CAV sector under consistent and repeatable conditions, one needs to define a scripted and stable set of scenarios that uses reliable equipment and a controllable environmental setting. This requirement can often be at odds with making significant technology developments, and if both are part of a project’s goals then they may need to be separated from each other.
On a Coupled Time-Dependent SIR Models Fitting with New York and New-Jersey States COVID-19 Data
Authors: Ambrosio Benjamin , Aziz-Alaoui M. A.
Published: June 2020

This article describes a simple Susceptible Infected Recovered (SIR) model fitting with COVID-19 data for the month of March 2020 in New York (NY) state. The model is a classical SIR, but is non-autonomous; the rate of susceptible people becoming infected is adjusted over time in order to fit the available data. The death rate is also secondarily adjusted. Our fitting is made under the assumption that due to limiting number of tests, a large part of the infected population has not been tested positive. In the last part, we extend the model to take into account the daily fluxes between New Jersey (NJ) and NY states and fit the data for both states. Our simple model fits the available data, and illustrates typical dynamics of the disease: exponential increase, apex and decrease. The model highlights a decrease in the transmission rate over the period which gives a quantitative illustration about how lockdown policies reduce the spread of the pandemic. The coupled model with NY and NJ states shows a wave in NJ following the NY wave, illustrating the mechanism of spread from one attractive hot spot to its neighbor.
An Anti-Inflammatory Poly(PhosphorHydrazone) Dendrimer Capped with AzaBisPhosphonate Groups to Treat Psoriasis
Authors: Jebbawi Ranime , Oukhrib Abdelouahd , Clement Emily , Blanzat Muriel , Turrin Cédric-Olivier , Caminade Anne-Marie , Lacoste Eric , Fruchon Séverine , Poupot Rémy
Published: June 2020

Dendrimers are nanosized, arborescent macromolecules synthesized in a stepwise fashion with attractive degrees of functionality and structure definition. This is one of the reasons why they are widely used for biomedical applications. Previously, we have shown that a poly(phosphorhydrazone) (PPH) dendrimer capped with anionic azabisphosphonate groups (so-called ABP dendrimer) has immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties towards human immune cells in vitro. Thereafter, we have shown that the ABP dendrimer has a promising therapeutic efficacy to treat models of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders in animal models. In these models, the active pharmaceutical ingredient was administered systematically (intravenous and oral administrations), but also loco-regionally in the vitreous tissue. Herein, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of the ABP dendrimer in the preclinical mouse model of psoriasis induced by imiquimod. The ABP dendrimer was administered in phosphate-buffered saline solution via either systemic injection or topical application. We show that the topical application enabled the control of both the clinical and histopathological scores, and the control of the infiltration of macrophages in the skin of treated mice.
Regulation of Interferon Induction by the Ubiquitin-Like Modifier FAT10
Authors: Mah Mei Min , Roverato Nicola , Groettrup Marcus
Published: June 2020

The revelation that the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I locus encodes a ubiquitin-like protein designated HLA-F adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10) or ubiquitin D (UBD) has attracted increasing attention to the function of this protein. Interestingly, the pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α synergize to strongly induce FAT10 expression, thereby suggesting a role of FAT10 in the immune response. Recent reports that FAT10 downregulates type I interferon production while it upregulates IFN-γ pose mechanistic questions on how FAT10 differentially regulates interferon induction. Several covalent and non-covalent binding partners of FAT10 involved in signal transduction pathways leading to IFN synthesis have been identified. After introducing FAT10, we review here recent insights into how FAT10 affects proteins in the interferon pathways, like the virus-responsive pattern recognition receptor RIG-I, the ubiquitin ligase ZNF598, and the deubiquitylating enzyme OTUB1. Moreover, we outline the consequences of FAT10 deficiency on interferon synthesis and viral expansion in mice and human cells. We discuss the need for covalent isopeptide linkage of FAT10 to the involved target proteins and the concomitant targeting for proteasomal degradation. After years of investigating the elusive biological functions of this fascinating ubiquitin-like modifier, we review the emerging evidence for a novel role of FAT10 in interferon regulation.
Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia and Therapeutic Approaches Targeting the Placenta
Authors: Jena Manoj Kumar , Sharma Neeta Raj , Petitt Matthew , Maulik Devika , Nayak Nihar Ranjan
Published: June 2020

Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy complication, affecting about 5–7% of pregnancies worldwide and is characterized by hypertension and damage to multiple maternal organs, primarily the liver and kidneys. PE usually begins after 20 weeks’ gestation and, if left untreated, can lead to serious complications and lifelong disabilities—even death—in both the mother and the infant. As delivery is the only cure for the disease, treatment is primarily focused on the management of blood pressure and other clinical symptoms. The pathogenesis of PE is still not clear. Abnormal spiral artery remodeling, placental ischemia and a resulting increase in the circulating levels of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1), also called soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), are believed to be among the primary pathologies associated with PE. sFlt-1 is produced mainly in the placenta during pregnancy and acts as a decoy receptor, binding to free VEGF (VEGF-A) and placental growth factor (PlGF), resulting in the decreased bioavailability of each to target cells. Despite the pathogenic effects of increased sFlt-1 on the maternal vasculature, recent studies from our laboratory and others have strongly indicated that the increase in sFlt-1 in PE may fulfill critical protective functions in preeclamptic pregnancies. Thus, further studies on the roles of sFlt-1 in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies are warranted for the development of therapeutic strategies targeting VEGF signaling for the treatment of PE. Another impediment to the treatment of PE is the lack of suitable methods for delivery of cargo to placental cells, as PE is believed to be of placental origin and most available therapies for PE adversely impact both the mother and the fetus. The present review discusses the pathogenesis of PE, the complex role of sFlt-1 in maternal disease and fetal protection, and the recently developed placenta-targeted drug delivery system for the potential treatment of PE with candidate therapeutic agents.
Class A G Protein-Coupled Receptor Antagonist Famotidine as a Therapeutic Alternative against SARS-CoV2: An In Silico Analysis
Authors: Ortega Joseph T. , Serrano Maria Luisa , Jastrzebska Beata
Published: June 2020

The pandemic associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV2) and its disease named COVID-19 challenged the scientific community to discover effective therapeutic solutions in a short period. Repurposing existing drugs is one viable approach that emphasizes speed during these urgent times. Famotidine, a class A G protein-coupled receptor antagonist used for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux was recently identified in an in silico screening. Additionally, a recent retrospective clinical report showed that the treatment with famotidine provided a good outcome in patients infected with SARS-CoV2. A clinical trial testing effectiveness of famotidine in combination with hydroxychloroquine is currently ongoing in the United States (US). In the 1990s, famotidine was described as an antiviral agent against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Interestingly, some HIV protease inhibitors are presently being used against SARS-CoV2. However, it is not clear if famotidine could be effective against SARS-CoV2. Thus, by using a computational analysis, we aimed to examine if the antiviral effect of famotidine could be related to the inhibition of proteases involved in the virus replication. Our results showed that famotidine could interact within the catalytic site of the three proteases associated with SARS-CoV2 replication. However, weak binding affinity of famotidine to these proteases suggests that a successful famotidine therapy could likely be achieved only in combination with other antiviral drugs. Finally, analysis of famotidine’s pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that its effect against SARS-CoV2 infection could be reached only upon intravenous administration. This work will contribute to the pharmacological knowledge of famotidine as an antiviral agent against SARS-CoV2.