bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS SENYAWA DALAM PARFUM ISI ULANG YANG BEREDAR DI KOTA BANDUNG DENGAN METODE KROMATOGRAFI GAS-SPEKTROMETRI MASSA (KG-SM)
Authors: Purwaniati Purwaniati , Egisnawati Lisna , Emawati Emma
Published: August 2021

Pewangi atau parfum merupakan produk yang sangat banyak ditemukan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Produk parfum tidak dilengkapi dengan informasi yang cukup mengenai senyawa-senyawa yang digunakan didalamnya. Hal ini menyebabkan masyarakat tidak mengetahui potensi bahaya yang terkandung dalam parfum tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis senyawa yang terdapat dalam parfum isi ulang tersebut. Analisis ini dilakukan dengan metode kromatografi gas-spektrometri massa (KG-SM). Berdasarkan hasil analisis, parfum dengan aroma yang mirip menunjukkan mengandung senyawa-senyawa yang mirip pula. Dari lima sampel yang diuji, diketahui bahwa setiap sampel mengandung sekurang-kurangnya 24 senyawa. Dari semua senyawa tersebut, baru 5 senyawa yang telah ditentukan statusnya dalam Standard IFRA, yaitu limonene dan linalool yang statusnya spesificated, benzaldehyde dan citronellol yang statusnya restricted, dan lily aldehyde yang berstatus prohibited/restricted.
ANALISIS ALUR PELAPORAN PREKURSOR DAN OBAT-OBAT TERTENTU (OOT) DI APOTEK
Authors: Octaviani Peppy , Setiawan Retno Agus
Published: August 2021

Bahan baku prekursor merupakan bahan dasar dalam pembuatan psikotropika dan narkotika. Prekursor dapat disalahgunakan oleh pelaku kejahatan dalam pembuatan psikotropika dan narkotika. Penyalahgunaan prekursor biasanya digunakan sebagai obat penenang. Penyalahgunaan terhadap obat-obat golongan narkotika, psikotropika dan obat lain yang mengandung prekursor menurun seiring bertambah ketatnya pengawasan, namun beberapa tahun terakhir penyalahgunaan terjadi pada beberapa obat lain yang memiliki efek serupa dengan narkotika dan psikotropika, yaitu obat dengan komposisi zat aktif Dekstrometorfan dan Karisoprodol. Setelah Badan POM menindaklanjuti penyalahgunaan dengan penarikan NIE Dekstrometorfan sediaan tunggal dan Karisoprodol, penyalahgunaan beralih kepada Tramadol, Haloperidol, Triheksifenidil, Amytriptilin, Klorpromazin yang selanjutnya disebut sebagai obat-obat tertentu (OOT). Apotek sebagai tempat yang banyak menyalurkan prekursor dan OOT kepada konsumen/pasien, tetapi pelaporan ke dinas kesehatan masih secara manual bahkan masih banyak yang tidak melaporkan penggunaannya ke dinas kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan pengembangan dan evaluasi aplikasi pelaporan prekursor dan OOT untuk memfasilitasi apotek dalam pembuatan pelaporan secara tepat waktu. Diharapkan pengawasan dan pengendalian dapat dilakukan dengan mudah. Metode yang digunakan dengan menggunakan prinsip penelitian partisipatif berbasis komunitas, kami membagi 3 tahapan metodologi. Salah satu tahapan yang dilaksanakan yaitu pemaparan alur pelaporan prekursor dan OOT. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu memulai pengembangan aplikasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan Rappid Application Development (RAD). Tahapan pada analisis alur pelaporan prekursor dan OOT yaitu admin, user terdaftar, user belum terdaftar, fungsi registrasi, fungsi pelaporan dan fungsi berita dan diskusi. Serangkaian pemodelan diatas digunakan sebagai acuan untuk memasuki tahapan selanjutnya seperti desain antarmuka, desain arsitektur sampai dengan pengkodean.
SKRINING SENYAWA AKTIF DARI BALIK ANGIN A. excels (Fenzl) Benth. TERHADAP RESEPTOR TNF-alpha convertase (TACE) DENGAN METODE DOCKING
Authors: Hadi Samsul , Maulana Ana , Nastiti Kunti
Published: August 2021

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) merupakan sitokin proinflamasi yang terlibat dalam berbagai penyakit seperti radang selaput otak, rematik, asma, tuberkolosiS, periontitis kronis, crohn desease, hepatitis dan sinusitis hidung. Sehingga ekspresinya perlu dikontrol untuk mengatasi penyakit ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan skrining inhibitor reseptor TNF-alpha convertase (TACE) sehingga menurunkan ekspersi TNF-α. Dengan menurunnya produksi TNF-α maka dapat sebagai antiinflamasi atau imunosupresan. Salah satu tanaman yang dapat dipergunakan untuk skrining ini adalah A.excels. Metode yang dipergunakan untuk skrining melalui PASSonline dan Docking dengan PLANTS serta dilihat prediksi memasuki peredaran darah dengan SWISSADME. Berdasarkan PASSonline Senyawa yang memiliki skor probability to be active imunosupreasant tinggi adalah batulinic acid (0,724), alphitolic acid (0,763), cis-coumaroyl alphitolic acid (0,771). Sedangkan yang memiliki probability to be active antiinflamasi adalah batulinic acid (0,741) dan cis-coumaroyl alphitolic acid (0,783). Berdasarkan stabilitas interaksi, senyawa yang memiliki kemampuan minimal 80% terhadap ligand referensi adalah alphitonin (98,25%), alphitexolide (92,33%), cis-coumaroyl alphitolic acid (98,31%). Kesimpulannya senyawa yang berpotensi yang memiliki stabilitas interaksi yang bagus adalah cis-coumaroyl alphitolic acid dan alphitonin
STUDI FARMAKOVIGILANS PADA PASIEN COVID-19
Authors: Sifareina Sifareina , Alifiar Ilham , Priatna Muharam
Published: August 2021

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan jenis SARS-CoV baru yang muncul pada bulan Desember tahun 2019 di kota Wuhan, Cina dan menyebar secara luas hampir ke seluruh negara. Jalur penyebaran virus ini sama seperti pada penularan penyakit saluran nafas. Dalam terapi pengobatannya, penyakit COVID-19 ini belum menemukan obat yang spesifik dan baru dalam tahap uji klinis. Terapi yang dilakukan dengan memberikan obat antivirus, dimaksudkan untuk menghambat sel yang terinfeksi dan menghambat virus dalam proses replikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui farmakovigilans dari obat yang dipakai sebagai obat terapi dari penyakit COVID-19 yang didapat dalam jurnal. Dengan metode penelitian secara sistematik literatur dengan menggunakan protokol PRISMA. Kata kunci untuk mendapatkan artikel adalah COVID-19 Pharmacovigilance, Side Effects of COVID-19, Drugs COVID-19 serta menggabungkan AND, OR, dan NOT. Data-base dari empat literatur yaitu PubMed, Europe PMC, Base dan Sciencedirect. Kriteria inklusi dari artikel tahun 2019-2021, berbahasa Indonesia dan Inggris, memiliki isi jurnal yang lengkap, dengan subjek manusia baik perempuan maupun laki-laki dengan golongan semua umur. Dari penelusuran didapatkan hasil sebanyak sebelas jurnal yang masuk kriteria inklusi dengan duabelas obat diantaranya Hydroxychloroquine, Chloroquine, Remdesivir, Azitromisin, Tocilizumab, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Daruravir/Cobicistat, Ribavirin, Umifenovir, Dan Ceftriaxon, dengan efek samping yang dilaporkan paling banyak yaitu gangguan pada jantung seperti adanya perpanjangan interval QT, gangguan gastrointestinal, peningkatan enzim transminase, gagal hati, gagal ginjal akut, penurunan pendengaran, dan gangguan hepatobilier. Dari sistematik literatur ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa obat-obat yang digunakan dalam penggunaan terapi COVID-19 menimbulkan berbagai efek samping yang tidak diinginkan sehingga diperlukan pemantauan sebelum dan sesudah terapi seperti pemantauan EKG, pemantauan kadar IL-6, serta pengecekan hasil laboratorium dalam upaya pemantauannya.
AKTIVITAS ANTIHIPERURISEMIA BEBERAPA EKSTRAK DAUN MANGGA (Mangifera indica L) VAR. CENGKIR TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI KALIUM OKSONAT
Authors: Nadhifah Ghina , Hidayati Nur Laili Dwi , Suhendy Hendy
Published: August 2021

Daun mangga (Mangifera indica L) secara empiris telah digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk mengobati penyakit. Secara ilmiah infusa tanaman ini efektif dalam menurunkan asam urat. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan untuk menguji aktivitas antihiperurisemia beberapa ekstrak daun mangga (Mangifera indica L) varietas cengkir berdasarkan perbedaan polaritasnya pada tikus putih jantan galur Wistar. Maserasi bertingkat dengan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat dan etanol 70% digunakan sebagai metode ekstraksi. Dosis ekstrak n-heksana yang digunakan adalah 15 mg/200 g BB tikus, sedangkan dosis ekstrak etil asetat dan ekstrak etanol 70% adalah 20 mg/200 g BB tikus serta allopurinol sebagai obat standar adalah 1,8 mg/200 g BB tikus. Pengujian ini dilakukan pada tikus hiperurisemia yang diinduksi kalium oksonat dengan dosis 50 mg/200 g BB tikus secara intraperitoneal dan jus hati ayam secara oral. Pengukuran kadar asam urat darah dilakukan dengan menggunakan Easy Touch®. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan penurunan kadar asam urat pada ekstrak etanol, ekstrak etil asetat dan n-heksana berturut-turut sebesar 50,61%, ; 49,84% dan 42,17%. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna data kadar asam urat antara kelompok kontrol positif, kelompok dosis ekstrak etanol dan kelompok dosis etil asetat. Kelompok dosis ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak etil asetat memberikan aktivitas antihiperurisemia terbaik. Perlu pengujian parameter lain untuk memastikan aktivitas antihiperurisemia beberapa ekstrak daun manga varietas cengkir.
UJI AKTIVITAS IMUNOSUPRESAN SEDIAAN SIRUP EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BABADOTAN (Ageratum conyzoides L.) DENGAN METODE ANAFILAKSIS KUTAN AKTIF
Authors: Suhendy Hendy , Sukmawan Yedy Purwandi , Rahmawati Rani
Published: August 2021

Babadotan merupakan tanaman obat yang digunakan masyarakat untuk menangani penyakit kulit, luka dan alergi. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun babadotan terbukti memiliki aktivitas imunosupresan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan aktivitas imunosupresan sirup ekstrak etanol daun babadotan terhadap mencit jantan dengan menggunakan metode anafilaksis kutan aktif. Metode penelitian bersifat eksperimen menggunakan hewan percobaan mencit jantan galur swiss webster dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok masing-masing terdiri dari 5 mencit. Kelompok kontrol positif diberikan cetirizine 10 mg/20 g BB mencit, kelompok kontrol negatif diberikan sirup tanpa zat aktif, kelompok uji dosis 1 diberikan sediaan sirup dengan zat aktif ekstrak etanol babadotan (2,5 mg/20 g BB mencit), kelompok uji dosis 2 (5 mg/20 g BB mencit) dan kelompok uji dosis 3 (10 mg/20 g BB mencit). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap diameter dan waktu hilangya bentolan biru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata diameter bentolan biru kelompok kontrol positif, kontrol negative, uji dosis 1, uji dosis 2 dan uji dosis 3 secara berturut-turut sebesar 0,52; 1,60; 1,38; 0,96 dan 0,66 cm dan waktu hilangnya bentolan biru sebesar 24,23; 120,53; 96,46; 72,46 dan 48,34 jam. Uji dosis 3 memiliki aktivitas imunosupresan paling baik karena secara statistik (p<0,05) tidak ada perbedaan signifikan data parameter yang diamati dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif. Perlu dilakukan pengujian toksisitas sediaan untuk melihat sejauh mana profil keamanannya.
AKTIVITAS NEFROPROTEKTIF EKSTRAK ETANOL BUNGA TELANG (Clitoria ternatea L.) TERHADAP TIKUS YANG DIINDUKSI PARASETAMOL
Authors: Zain Dichy Nuryadin , Pebiansyah Anisa , Aprilia Ade Yeni
Published: August 2021

Parasetamol merupakan obat yang biasa digunakan sebagai antipiretik dan analgesik tetapi dapat bersifat nefrotoksik apabila digunakan secara berlebihan. Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) diketahui berpotensi sebagai nefroprotektor karena mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yang bersifat antioksidan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dosis optimal ekstrak etanol Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) sebagai nefroprotektor pada tikus putih yang diinduksi oleh parasetamol. Perlakuan pada tikus dikelompokkan menjadi lima kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kontrol normal (aquades), kontrol negatif (parasetamol), kontrol positif (Curliv), dan kelompok ekstrak (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg dan 300 mg/kg). Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa ekstrak etanol bunga telang pada dosis 300 mg/kg mengalami terjadinya penurunan kadar ureum jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Dilihat berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh ekstrak etanol Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) memiliki efek nefroprotektor melalui penurunan kadar ureum pada tikus yang diinduksi oleh parasetamol.
Role of MCP-1 in the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in patients with primary chronic glomerulonephritis
Authors: Mukhtarova A. V. , Batyushin M. M. , Sinelnik Е. А. , Antipova N. V.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND.To date, the study of the factors involved in the glomerular-tubular pathological connections leading to damage to the tubulointerstitial tissue is one of the topical areas of nephrology. THE AIM: to study the effect of MCP-1 in the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis as a factor in the irreversible progression of chronic renal failure. PATIENTS ANDMETHODS.Prospective observation and retrospective analysis of case histories were carried out, which included a total of 75 patients with primary chronic glomerulonephritis. RESULTS.The average age of the patients was 36.7 ± 12.3 years, of which 52 were males, 23 were women. The average length of service in a nephrological disease was 3.0 [1.0; 5.0] years. The calculated GFR values are 87.3 ± 31.2 ml / min / 1.73 m2. In the general population, the moderate degree of MCP-1 expression, estimated at 2 points, was 35 %, pronounced expression was found in 25 % of the respondents. In the mesangium of the glomeruli and in macrophages, the expressed degree of MCP-1 expression was 20 % and 16 %, respectively, which characterizes MCP-1 as a marker produced by resident cells. When studying the relationship of MCP-1 in blood with clinical parameters, a correlation was found with the values of total protein (Rs= –0.43; p <0.05), with erythrocyturia (Rs= –0.28; p <0.05), as well as with an albumin level (Rs= –0.5; p <0.05), which indicates the role of MCP-1 in the development of nephritic forms of glomerulonephritis. Depending on the severity of MCP-1 expression in biopsy specimens, the incidence of focal tubulointerstitial fibrosis with MCP-1 expression estimated at 1 point was 13.3 %, 2 points – 14.3 %, 3 points – 44.0 %. The revealed significant correlation between the serum level of MCP-1 and the severity of tubulointerstitial fibrosis confirms the MCP-1-mediated mechanism of progression of CKD. CONCLUSION.The relationship of serum and tissue forms of MCP-1 with the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in chronic glomerulonephritis has been demonstrated. MCP-1-induced mesangial cell plays a critical role in the development of renal tubular damage, and its increased expression is associated with progressive tubulointerstitial fibrosis and decreased renal function.
Manganese fractionation analysis in specific soil and sediment samples
Authors: Nádaská Gabriela , Polčová Kristína , Lesný Juraj
Published: September 2021

Manganese has been determined in soil- and sediment samples taken from selected regions with high manganese concentrations anthropogenic and/or geogenic. The total content of manganese in chosen sediment- and soil samples has been determined applying FAAS after microwave digestion and the manganese fractions after sequential extraction procedures using galvanostatic stripping chronopotentiometry. The highest content of manganese has been determined in sediment from Hôrka (6243.6 ± 56.2 mg kg-1), while the lowest value has been obtained in the sediment from Kráľová (278.6 ± 3.9 mg kg-1). Using a modified Tessier’s procedure it was found, that manganese in sediments from Kráľová is associated mainly with the carbonate fraction (>50%), while in sediments from Lozorno and Hôrka it is associated primarily with the Mn and Fe oxide fraction (80% and 42% respectively).
STATUS OF REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES IN NATURAL RESOURCES PLANNING AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Authors: Aladelokun  , Adeniji Olawale
Published: September 2021

There is the palpable inadequacy of scientific data gathering in Nigeria despite the urgent needs for such in proper environmental assessment and management. This paper, however, investigated the status of remote sensing in Nigeria and its potentialities in helping to solve the problems of natural resources planning and management for sustainable development. Primary and secondary data are basically the sources of information. Be that as it may, it is discovered that remote sensing technique has been useful in data gathering for planning and monitoring of environmental resources. Meanwhile, strategies to improving its usage as scientific tool for data gathering for developmental projects in Nigeria are suggested.
KEY WORDS: Development, Natural Resources, Planning, Remote Sensing, Sustainability
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW OF INDIAN LEGAL REGIME
Authors: Dr Vikrant Sopan Yadav
Published: September 2021

Rapid industrialisation with poor check on pollution generation, unplanned and uncontrolled urbanisation and lack of public awareness and training are the greatest contributors of mounting size of solid waste generated by 1.3 billion population of India. It has resulted in danger to health and environment creating hurdles in path to sustainable development.
This research work is an attempt to analyse the laws regulating solid waste management in India. Author has analysed the duties of waste generators, Governments and local authorities in solid waste management. Author has also proposed few suggestions like, volunteers from public for reporting legal violations, sustainable consumption etc. for improved solid waste management.
KEYWORDS: Duty, Solid-waste, Environment, Management.
La propuesta de formación permanente del IDEP
Authors: Díaz Mario
Published: September 2021

El Programa de Formación Permanente de docentes propuesto por elIDEP significa un cambio morfológico en las bases académicas de la formación . Este es un paso importante dentro de una nueva visión movilizadora de la educación en un contexto urbano. En este sentido, la dinámica organizativa y académica del PFPD permitirá la aparición de grupos de investigación asociados a diversos intereses. demandas y necesidades de los diferentes campos de la docencia.
El impacto de la descentralización sobre la calidad del servicio escolar
Authors: Chiappe Clemencia
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo examina el impacto de la descentralización sobre la calidad del servicio escolar. Se analizan, en primer lugar, los antecedentes del proceso descentralizador; en segundo término, se describen y evalúa el alcance del proceso descentralizador y, en la tercera parte del capítulo, se examina el impacto de todas las reformas adelantadas en los últimos diez años, sobre la escuela, sobre su autonomía, y sobre las condiciones en las cuales se adelantan los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje; el capítulo concluye con una discusión de los problemas y oportunidades que surgen del análisis anterior, con miras a una profundización dle proceso descentralizados.
Una escuela hecha por todos
Authors: Lacerda Maria do Pilar , Regina Áurea , Ribeiro Tadeu Rodrigo
Published: September 2021

Este artículo recoge la experiencia de la Escuela Plural en Belo Horizonte, Brasil, la cual está inscrita en los paradigmas republicanos como la democracia, la participación y el reconocimiento de los derechos de los sujetos. La inclusión social y la educación para todos, se articulan a un proyecto político pedagógico de largo alcance para el desarrollo de la ciudad mediante proyectos que involucran a toda la comunidad
Pedagogía investigación y políticas educativas
Authors: Villegas Luz Amparo
Published: September 2021

Este artículo expone la importancia de la investigación de los procesos educativos vinculados con las políticas educativas y plantea la importancia de que ésta se ubique en el lugar que le corresponde. Afi rma que de su institucionalidad estatal, implica tres elementos: el diseño de una acción colectiva intencional y el curso que efectivamente toma la acción como resultado de las decisiones que comporta, y los hechos reales que esa acción colectiva produce en una sociedad verdaderamente democrática. Concluye que la sociedad civil debe participar activamente en la defi nición y acompañamiento de la implementación de políticas públicas
Understanding Lone-Actor Terrorists: The Global Context and How it can be Applied to New Zealand
Authors: Tillett Josinta
Published: August 2021

While the Christchurch mosque attacks on 15 March 2019 were asserted to have changed New Zealand’s national security context, arguably the possibility of such an attack was foreseen, and, internationally, there was evidence of increasing risk of such attacks occurring. This paper explores the current state of international lone-actor research, and looks at how this can be applied in an endeavour to prevent future attacks in New Zealand. This paper combines an overview of the international lone-actor phenomenon, with New Zealand’s historical and contemporary terrorism context, and explores the extent that international research may have a bearing on current and future lone-actor terrorism risk here. It argues careful attention to identifiable indicators and protective factors, as well as local context, as essential in the contemplation of current and future attempts to pre-emptively identify and prevent potential lone-actor terrorism in New Zealand.
Book Review [Mosul: Australia’s Secret War Inside the ISIS Caliphate]
Authors: Battersby John
Published: August 2021

This is a book review of the book by Ben McKelvey (2020), Mosul: Australia’s Secret War Inside the ISIS Caliphate, Hachette Australia.

Published by - Hachette Australia (Sydney, 2020)
Format - Paperback
ISBN - 978-0-7336-4541-9
339 pages

Reviewed by John Battersby

'Mosul: Australia’s Secret War Inside the ISIS Caliphate' looks at parallel paths in the Al
Qaeda (AQ) and ISIS inspired conflicts of the 2000s. On the one hand, it looks at those
who were lured by AQ and ISIS propaganda into conceiving plots in Australia (a number were caught in the Pendennis operation), while another killed a civilian employee in October 2015 and several others left Australia to fight in Iraq and Syria in the period of ISIS’s ascendency. At the same time McKelvey relates the coinciding story lines of a
number of Australian special forces personnel who were deployed to Afghanistan in 2001 and after 2003 (including the mid-2010s) to Iraq. Their exploits are detailed, the
rationale for their deployment and operations is given, and light is shone on the consequences for those individuals personally. It is too often the fate of those who give their loyalty and commitment to their country, to discover that their country seldom reciprocates in equal measure. The inconsequential occasional mis-demeanours by highly disciplined servicemen that offend the sensibilities of their higher commanders were punished harshly, and the enormous personal and psychological toll that inevitably falls on individuals deployed to war-zones has not been adequately addressed by Australia. Service personnel surviving war zones to commit suicide when they come home is not an acceptable outcome of these deployments.
Indigenous Perspectives in Program Evaluation: A scoping literature review exploring wise practices for program evaluation with Indigenous communities in northern Manitoba
Authors:   , Shack Mallory
Published: September 2021

This study explored how organizations that offer programming and services in northern Indigenous communities could inform, adapt, and improve their evaluation approaches to involve an Indigenous perspective. Without this research, program evaluation may continue to be conducted within a Western perspective, a view that does not consider an Indigenous paradigm or cultural considerations. To examine Indigenous perspectives in program evaluation, the researcher conducted a scoping literature review using 15 secondary sources from Australia, Canada, and the United States of America published from 2010-2020. Through a decolonized methodology, the researcher sorted the data into themes according to the core values of an Indigenous Evaluation Framework. The findings contributed to the literature by addressing the gaps of decolonizing program evaluation, integrating cultural approaches, and instilling an Indigenous paradigm. Relevant to organizations that work with Indigenous communities, the research generated wise practices to engage program evaluation in a culturally appropriate manner. Building from this study, ongoing research is needed to support Indigenous perspectives in program evaluation.
Rethinking Financial Rewards for Whistle- Blowers Under the Proposal for a Directive on the Protection of Whistle-blowers Reporting Breaches of EU Law
Authors: Kafteranis Dimitrios
Published: September 2021

The European Commission recently published a proposal for a Directive on the protection of whistle-blowers reporting breaches of EU law. This proposal is welcomed not only by the legal community but also by many citizens who desire more transparency. The recent scandals revealed by whistle-blowers along with the active role of the European Parliament have led the European Commission to propose this important text of the proposed Directive. The whistle-blower is recognised as an enforcement tool for the EU and is a key component in helping to ensure the successful enforcement of EU law. There is one element, however, that is not discussed by the European Commission: financial rewards for the whistle-blowers.1 The United States, especially in the financial sector, has adopted a system of financial awards. Europe, on the other hand, is resistant to introducing such incentives. The aim of this paper is to introduce the proposal for a Directive and to highlight the problems that such a step may create at the EU level.
The Randstad Case: Melki Reloaded? The Fundamental Right to Effective Judicial Protection as Battleground for Judicial Supremacy in European Law
Authors: Scarcello Orlando
Published: September 2021

This paper will examine the recent preliminary reference to the European Court of Justice issued by the Italian Court of Cassation in the Randstad case, aimed at rearranging the internal constitutional separation between ordinary and administrative courts (article 111(8) of the Constitution). I will first provide some context on both the relations between Italian and EU courts (2.1) and on the confrontation between the Court of Cassation and the Constitutional Court in interpreting article 111 (2.2). I will then specifically examine the referring order to the Court of Justice of the EU (3), focusing on the role of general clauses of EU law as articles 4(3) and 19 TEU and 47 of the Charter in it. Finally, I will consider the instrumental use of EU law made by the Cassation to overcome an unpleasant constitutional arrangement. This aligns Randstad with previous cases such as Melki or A v. B and may foster constitutional conflict in the future.
CHALLENGES INVOLVED IN INTRODUCING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN AGRICULTURE
Authors:   Naval Academy "N. Y. Vaptsarov", Varna, Stefanova Marieta
Published: August 2021

The introduction of internationally recognized environmental management standards is primarily aimed at making the world economy more environmentally friendly, and at more effective conservation of natural resources. The European Union has specific objectives related to the implementation of environmental protection policies by 2050. Effective pathways and approaches to the implementation of such policies and objectives in agriculture can be found through the introduction of a system according to the requirements of ISO 45001. The main objective of this study is to identify, based on an expert assessment, the milestones in introducing and successful certification of environmental management systems in agriculture. The established milestones for system development may be extended to other sectors.
SOCIAL NETWORKS OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Ivanova Galina
Published: August 2021

Social networks are increasingly contributing to sustainable development of agribusiness organizations in today`s conditions. Building networks that work through interactions between business organizations is influenced by current realities, where the business environment is rapidly changing. Relationships between agribusiness organizations in social network could impact of economic development on each individual organization. They lead to improve development of the entire network and higher efficiency.
AGRICULTURE IN RURAL AREAS - CHANGES, IMPACTS AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Doitchinova Julia
Published: August 2021

For two programming periods, Bulgarian agriculture has been developing in the conditions of our common and national agricultural policies. Adaptation processes have led to significant economic, social and environmental changes in farms and rural areas. The aim of the article is to assess the changes in the agricultural sector and their impacts on rural development. The analysis of changes in production and organizational structures and the impacts of rural development are assessed on the basis of statistical information and expert assessment of 163 specialists from regional directorates of Agriculture, municipal services and regional services of the National Agricultural Advisory System. The conclusions confirmed the upward development of Bulgarian agriculture, but with significant structural disparities and different in direction and strength impacts by regions of the country.
CHALLENGES TO HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN AGRIBUSINESS
Authors:   Dimitar A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov, Goranova Penka
Published: August 2021

World practice shows that human resources in agribusiness are subject to management and this is an extremely effective and useful way to combine with other resources of the company to achieve its goals. Moreover, when we talk about human resources, we mean the perspective of their development, while when we talk about staff, we mean the one available in an agricultural company. Human resource management is a targeted impact on the object "people" to transform their suitability and motivation on the product, on productivity, profitability, efficiency, market position, profit, growth. We can point out that this is both a strategy and current management, which sets the framework for how to attract, support and motivate people in their activities. The purpose of the report is to highlight the differences in perceptions of personnel management and human resources management in certain directions and to outline the potential opportunities, the chances for success of agricultural firms at the present stage.
CHALLENGES FOR THE WHEAT MARKET IN THE BLACK SEA REGION UNDER CОVID-19
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Ivanova Desislava
Published: August 2021

Under COVID-19, the world is facing unclear circumstances as a result of the global political, economic, social and financial recession caused by the pandemic. The overpopulation of certain regions as a result of globalization leads to problems related to the nutrition of the population and food security. The Black Sea region, with its strategic location, is an essential market both for the production and for the supply of raw materials to the regions affected by poverty and also for the international grain trade and in particular for the wheat. The report presents the main trends in the wheat market within the Black Sea region and argues the problems and challenges, which the grain trade is facing after the beginning of the COVID- 19 pandemic.
MARKET ANALYSIS OF "BIRD SLAUGHTERHOUSE" BERKOVITSA
Authors:   Dimitar A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov, Kabakchieva Tsvetelina
Published: August 2021

The transition to a market economy has put meat companies in a new state of operation. They are characterized by a high degree of uncertainty, increasing competition and a constant struggle for markets. The processes of realization of the finished products have become significantly more complicated. The behavior of the companies on the market, the economic results and the development of the enterprises depend on the orientation of the management in the market conditions. The purpose of the report is to make a situational - segmentation analysis of "Bird Slaughterhouse" Berkovitsa.
FACTOR MARKETS IN BULGARIAN BEEKEEPING
Authors:   Angel Kanchev University of Ruse, Lyibenov Lyubomir , Lyubenova Aneliya ,   Angel Kanchev University of Ruse, Hristakov Ivaylo ,   Angel Kanchev University of Ruse
Published: August 2021

The aim is to determine the size and development trends of land and labor markets in the national beekeeping. The study is focused only on them, as the size and trends of national financial markets in beekeeping are defined in another study by the authors. The urgency of the problem stems from the important role of factor markets in achieving sustainable development of beekeeping and other sectors dependent on it, given the pollination activity of bees. The study finds that the land markets in the beekeeping sector are over 0.5 BGN million/year, and the labor markets are over 77.2 BGN million/year, i.e. form joint factor markets in the Bulgarian beekeeping for over 77.7 BGN million/year. Their development trends are positive and derived from those in the beekeeping sector and other related markets - financial and others.
POTENTIAL OF THE BEEKEEPING SECTOR FOR DEVELOPMENT OF BEE TOURISM IN THE NORTHEASTERN REGION OF BULGARIA
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Vladimirov Kosyo
Published: August 2021

The report includes an analysis of the state, trends and prospects of beekeeping and its relationship with tourism in Bulgaria. Beekeeping is considered as a branch of agriculture from its inception after the Liberation to our time and dynamics of development. The report presents the resource base (traditions, condition, production and sale of honey). For the needs of the analysis, data from the NSI, the Ministry of Agriculture and Food, the associations of beekeepers, processors and traders of honey and bee products, the Ministry of Tourism and branch tourist organizations and a survey of the author were used. Beekeeping is presented in the relation as a resource for the development of apitourism (bee tourism), as a non-traditional attractive specialized species, supporting farmers through non-agricultural practices.
OPPORTUNITIES OF GAMEWORKING IN INTERACTIVE ONLINE COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS OF THEIR PRODUCTS
Authors:   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Koleva Zdravka
Published: August 2021

The elements and mechanics introduced by the games are accepted for the gameplay, in a context different from the game one. Researchers find great potential in its implementation, but also take into account the need for training and building a code of ethics in its planning and implementation. Extremely vulnerable are the groups of vegetable growers, producers of fruits, herbs, spices, etc., who face new challenges related to the need to reach quickly and in a very short period of time to a large number of consumers in order to maintain a competitive price. This requires the use of new approaches to communication and motivation of desired behaviour by consumers. By playing games, some of the difficulties can be overcome, but without state support it is possible to deepen other problems, which will lead to the bankruptcy of young unfortified businesses. The purpose of the report is to indicate the possibilities of gamification to increase the commitment to the activities of domestic producers, solidarity with their efforts through awareness of the importance of consuming food products produced with minimal or no harmful preparations, encouraging the frequency of buying from a manufacturer or site, and other. Gaming can be an extremely powerful tool that should be used to motivate behaviour that joins a common cause - maintaining and restoring small and medium-sized businesses engaged in the agricultural sector.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN BULGARIA
Authors:   Agricultural University-Plovdiv, Atanasov Dimo , Beluhova-Uzunova Rositsa ,   Agricultural University-Plovdiv, Hristov Krum ,   Agricultural University-Plovdiv
Published: August 2021

Regional disparities are the subject of various discussions in the EU Member - States. The aim of this study is, on the basis of analysis of main socio-economic indicators, to observe trends in the regional development of Bulgaria and to draw conclusions and recommendations associated with overcoming regional imbalances. The study indicates serious regional differences that affect the quality of life and do not correspond with the European Union approach of convergence and balanced and sustainable economic growth. In order to overcome these challenges, it is necessary to optimize the implemented instruments of cohesion and regional policy. In this regard higher coordination between sectoral policies and better interaction and integration between government and local authorities should be achieved.
THE BLUE GROWTH STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Stanimirova Mariya
Published: August 2021

In modern-day conditions, sustainable territorial development aims to find additional opportunities for regions to maintain their competitiveness while maximizing the use of available local resources and creating conditions for investment in activities that preserve, maintain and improve the local environment. Activities such as fishing, the production of fishery and aquaculture products; coastal tourism; blue biotechnology fall within the scope of the so-called "blue economy". The Blue growth strategy is focused on the sustainable territorial development of fishing areas by supporting, initiating change and integrating the efforts of all stakeholders to achieve the strategic objectives. The main purpose of this report is to present the results of a survey which examines the attitudes of local business representatives, public administration and academics towards the development of activities in the coastal zone of the Local Fisheries Initiative Group (FLAG) Varna - Beloslav - Aksakovo within the blue economy. On the basis of a future development strategy, strategic areas of development are outlined.
TRENDS AND PECULIARITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BIRTH RATE IN THE RURAL AREAS OF SOUTH CENTRAL BULGARIA
Authors:   Institute of Agricultural Economics - Sofia, Agricultural Academy, Mikova Rositza
Published: August 2021

Regarding the negative trends in the birth rate, South Central Bulgaria is no exception. The decrease in the birth rate in this part of the country, especially in the period 2011-2020, is a result of the economic crisis and its impact on the living standards of the population. In recent years, the value orientations of the population have changed a lot. Women of all ethnic and religious groups in the region demonstrate a new type of reproductive behavior. The age structure has deteriorated and the fertile contingents have significantly decreased. Each municipality has already adopted the model of simple reproduction of the population. In South Central Bulgaria, favorable conditions for stable demographic development no longer exist.
HEALTH AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Angel Kanchev University of Ruse, Nedelcheva Nataliya
Published: August 2021

Maintaining a level of health services and creating conditions for sustainable development is a mandatory societal and ethical imperative, given the multifaceted and multi-layered influence. The thesis of the study is that the quality of health services and the resource potential of the regions can be used as an opportunity to bring the economy of the regions to life and improve the quality of life in them. The aim of the report is to reflect the link between the level of health and the development of the economy of the regions. To this end, the report draws attention to how improving the quality of health services and the high-tech health process can affect the region's economy and use health tourism as a tool for regional economic development and quality of life improvement.
ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC PRODUCTION IN THE NORTH CENTRAL AREA
Authors:   Dimitar A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov, Nikolova Marina
Published: August 2021

Organic farming best meets the benchmarks set in the development of the Common Agricultural Policy after 2020, regarding the achievement of important goals related to economic efficiency, social responsibility and environmental protection. Therefore, the protection and restoration of biodiversity and natural ecosystems and the provision of sustainable food and production practices are key to our national economy. This requires the use of sustainable production models for effective management of the components of agricultural ecosystems, environmental protection and climate change. The focus of the study is on the regional specifics of an innovative agricultural model and its development potential for strengthening the socio-economic indicators in a specific region. The subject of the analysis is the characteristics of the organic production in the North Central Planning Region depending on the certified activities and the number of biological operators.
EUROPEAN UNION INITIATIVES TO PROMOTE ORGANIC FARMING
Authors:   Economic Research Institute at Bulgarian Academy of Science, Branzova Petia
Published: August 2021

Organic farming plays an important role in achieving the ambitious goals set out in the European Green Pact, the farm-to-table strategy and the biodiversity strategy. The aim of the report is to present future EU initiatives to promote the sector through the prism of EU legislation. The set goal will be achieved through an analysis of the official documents and discussions on the set initiatives in the new programming period of the CAP in 2021-2027.
ORGANIC FARMING AND FOOD SAFETY
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Dushkova Miglena
Published: August 2021

The paper presents Food safety policy in European Union. Special attention is given to the "Farm to Fork" Strategy, which includes all operators in the food value chain. Institutions that control this food chain and at the same time, they should protect consumer interests in the field of food safety, are considered. Organic farming has an important role in ensuring safe food and sustainable food consumption. In this context, significance of organic farming is considered in two main directions. On the one hand, as a type of agriculture that develops its activities with environment care. On the other hand, as a main way of providing organic and healthy food to consumers.
HEREDITARY FARMING: A SYNERGY PANEL IN THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY
Authors:   Institute of Agricultural Economics -Sofia, Agricultural Academy, Tsvyatkova Daniela
Published: August 2021

The use of the potential of the land and the natural resources of the new generations in the separate regions are the main prerequisite and basis for the development of a certain type of multifunctional agriculture. The process of continuity should be seen as a process and not as a one-off action or event. The aim of the study is to analyze the process of inheritance in agriculture, as a socio-economic method for ensuring the viability of rural areas. The analysis is based on empirical evidence - cases from family farms and young heirs in rural areas of Bulgaria. The transfer of farm management to the next generation must be organized. Otherwise, the alternative is clear: resettlement from rural areas, a rapidly aging population and insufficient young people to enter the sector. Recognizing the importance of continuity, the Common Agricultural Policy provides training and funding to encourage young people to engage in agricultural activities.
CHALLENGES BEFORE THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN AGRICULTURE
Authors:   Trakia University - Stara Zagora, Petrov Marin , Penev Nikolay ,   Trakia University - Stara Zagora, Nencheva Iskra ,   Trakia University - Stara Zagora
Published: August 2021

According its position in the supply chain, agrarian producers could contemplate higher or lower possibilities for the realization of its production. Not all types of cultures allow reaching final clients directly, because those products are aimed for intermediate consumption or are used as a source for Food processing Industry. Reaching final clients producers could be benefited by higher prices of realization of their products, but a "vertical integration forward" is required to be done successfully. Additional labor and capital resources need to be invested in that activity. Information of the market and acquisition of knowledge both commercial and assessment of experts are also required in order to be accomplish the realization of products both in national and external markets. The aim of this research is to identify and asses different ways that are available to Bulgarian agricultural producers for the realization of their production. For that reason precisely the position of the supply chain could determine broadly the depth and the horizon of market possibilities available.
THE GREEN ECONOMY - SAVING THE ENVIRONMENT?
Authors:   Sabina Trading Company SRL, Romania, Corina Vaduva
Published: August 2021

The future of the national economy is based on the green economy because after the multitude of discussions it was concluded that this concept is essential in order to achieve the proposed objectives. The "Green economy" is meant to foster sustainable development, especially in the long run, by creating an enabling environment through research, innovation and a knowledge-driven concern. At the basis of the transition to a "green economy" is the practice of a typology of economy based exclusively on policies and investments, the latter linking economic development, health, biodiversity and last but not least climate change, both long-term and long-term medium. As at present the practiced economic system is in full collapse, it was decided that it is necessary to rethink it from all points of view. So, the transition to the green economy is considered as the main solution that aims to adapt the economy and with it its evolution and new challenges that arise globally, by increasingly integrating the environment into the paradigm that refers to lasting development.
ENERGY POTENTIAL IN RURAL ECONOMY
Authors:   Union of Bulgarian Black Sea Local Authorities (UBBSLA), Tonev Todor
Published: August 2021

In recent years it has taken more study and apply opportunities to produce energy from products of the agricultural economy. It is possible to produce electricity, heat, gas, bioethanol, diesel, etc. from agricultural products. As over the years, a danger of competition between food and energy products in agriculture has been noticed. Therefore, the EC does not support the production of diesel from primary agricultural products. This report examines the potential of Burgas for energy production. The aim is to show the potential for new business opportunities and add value to the agricultural economy.
METHODOLOGY FOR ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY EVALUATION AT BEEF CATTLE BREEDING
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Genov Stefan
Published: August 2021

The report proposes a methodological framework for an in-depth analysis of the economic efficiency at beef cattle breeding. Different approaches and methods for evaluation based on performance indicators proposed by other authors are considered. Based on them, new ones have been synthesized and proposed, which are considered to be decisive for the economic efficiency of farms. The indicators are grouped in order to analyze the individual elements of the production technology and the organizational and economic part of the breeding.