bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Taiwanese bovine arboviruses and non‐arboviruses using a vector‐based approach
Authors: Tzeng H.‐Y. , Wu H.‐H. , Ting L.‐J. , Chang N.‐T. , Chou Y.‐C. , Tu W.‐C.
Published: November 2018

In current sampling approaches, there exists a divergence between the surveillance of arthropod‐borne and that of non‐arthropod‐borne viruses. It is commonly held that the collection of vector specimens applies only to arbovirus surveillance and that the surveillance of non‐arboviruses must rely on traditional methods that involve the sampling of blood, faeces or saliva, or other examinations. The vector‐based approach is a sampling method that has the ability to survey both arboviruses and non‐arboviruses by distinguishing engorged vector specimens from entire vector samples. Accordingly, five arboviruses and three non‐arboviruses were detected in a study using a vector‐based approach conducted during 2012–2015. Hence, this report provides the first description of the Taiwanese vector species for the bovine arboviruses detected. The present investigations demonstrate that the vector‐based approach applies not only to the surveillance of arboviruses, but also has potential as a possible tool for monitoring non‐arboviruses on livestock farms in the future.
Facing a Liturgy-Starved Church: Do We Need to Think Afresh About the Basics of Ministry?
Authors: O'Loughlin Thomas
Published: November 2018

The Catholic Church cannot, at present, find sufficient clergy to staff its parishes and this is provoking a massive pastoral, and so a liturgical, reorganization. However, these changes are not primarily driven by the demography of the actual churches, communities of people, but are solely the result of a decline in clerical numbers. Most attempts to deal with this turn on seeking to increase the number of deployable persons in presbyterial orders (e.g. seeking clergy from Africa or India), making a wider use of deacons, and scaling up the size of liturgical communities, irrespective of the nature of that liturgy, so that areas are ‘covered.’ But this assumes that actual communities, when gathered for the eucharist, are a function of the number of clergy; but surely the number of ministers is secondary to the location and size of the communities who are in need of ministry? This paper seeks to ask fundamental questions about the nature of liturgical ministry in keeping with the conference's theme of ‘who ministers what to whom?’ What is the basis of liturgical ministry? Does it exist independently of a worshipping community? Is it primarily as an individual's ‘vocation’ to ‘be a priest’, who then ministers, or a community need provided from within that community in union with the larger church? This ‘bottom up’ approach affects how we see not only actual liturgical ministry, but the priesthood of the Christ, the priesthood of all the baptized, and our pneumatology of vocation within actual churches.
Bark, the neglected tree postural motor system
Authors: Poppinga Simon , Speck Thomas
Published: November 2018

This article is a Commentary on Clair et al., 221: 209–217.
The impact of implementing an educational intervention to enhance a family‐oriented approach in specialised palliative home care: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Petursdottir Asta B. , Haraldsdottir Erna , Svavarsdottir Erla Kolbrun
Published: November 2018

Rationale

Healthcare providers’ beliefs, attitudes, experiences and knowledge, which guide the care they deliver, are the key factors influencing the quality of palliative care. Education and coaching innovation are needed to translate research outcomes and adopt evidence‐based nursing care into practice.

Objectives

To evaluate the impact of an advanced educational and coaching programme in a family systems’ nursing approach for palliative care nurses in a home‐care setting.

Methods

A quasi‐experimental study using qualitative data from open‐ended questions to augment the quantitative outcome study that included a single‐group, pre‐ and post‐test design. A total population sample of nurses was recruited from a specialised palliative home care unit at a university hospital. The study utilised two self‐reported questionnaires.

Results

There was a statistically significant increase in the nurses’ critical appraisal of clinical nursing practice related to family nursing after participation in the educational programme than before. No statistical difference was found in items related to nurses’ experience of the interaction and reciprocity in the nurse–family relationship after participation in the programme than compared to before or in nurses’ cancer‐related beliefs. However, there was an overall significant positive change found in attitudes towards families in the total score of the Family Practice Scale. Nurses were also more positive about the further development of their knowledge and skills in advanced family nursing evident in the qualitative data.

Conclusion

An advanced educational intervention programme was successful in improving the nurses’ knowledge, skills, satisfaction and confidence in relation to applied family nursing approach within the context of caring for families affected by advanced/final stage cancer. However, further refinement of the implementation process is needed to enhance family care improvement and the nurses’ professional development in advanced family nursing in specialised palliative care.
Agreement of surgical blood loss estimation methods
Authors: Jaramillo Sebastian , Montane‐Muntane Mar , Capitan David , Aguilar Ferran , Vilaseca Antoni , Blasi Annabel , Navarro‐Ripoll Ricard
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

Surgical blood loss is usually estimated by different formulae in studies of strategies aimed at reducing perioperative bleeding. This study assessed and compared the agreement of the main blood loss estimation formulae using a direct measurement of blood loss as the reference method.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Eighty consecutive patients undergoing urologic laparoscopic surgery were studied. Only optimal conditions for the direct measurement of surgical blood loss were considered. Surgical blood loss was estimated by six formulae at four different postoperative time points. The agreement of the formulae was evaluated by the Concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Bland–Altman analyses. An analysis of the agreement's variability regarding different magnitudes of blood loss was also performed.

RESULTS

Directly measured blood loss ranged from 200 to 2200 mL. The formulae studied showed poor agreement with the direct measurement of blood loss; 95% limits of agreement widely exceeded the criterion of ±560 mL. Significant biases were found, which for most of the formulae led to an overestimation of blood loss. For all formulae, agreement remained constant regardless of the amount of blood loss, with limits between −40 and +120% approximately. Among the formulae, the best agreement was achieved by López‐Picado's formula at 48 hours (CCC: 0.577), with a bias of +283 mL and 95% limits of agreement between −477 and +1043 mL.

CONCLUSION

Formulae currently used to estimate surgical blood loss differ substantially from direct measurements; therefore, they may not be reliable methods of blood loss quantification in the surgical setting.
Inhibition of non‐receptor tyrosine kinase Src induces phosphoserine 256‐independent aquaporin‐2 membrane accumulation
Authors: Cheung Pui W. , Terlouw Abby , Janssen Sam Antoon , Brown Dennis , Bouley Richard
Published: November 2018

Key points

Aquaporin‐2 (AQP2) is crucial for water homeostasis, and vasopressin (VP) induces AQP2 membrane trafficking by increasing intracellular cAMP, activating PKA and causing phosphorylation of AQP2 at serine 256, 264 and 269 residues and dephosphorylation of serine 261 residue on the AQP2 C‐terminus.

It is thought that serine 256 is the master regulator of AQP2 trafficking, and its phosphorylation has to precede the change of phosphorylation state of other serine residues.

We found that Src inhibition causes serine 256‐independent AQP2 membrane trafficking and induces phosphorylation of serine 269 independently of serine 256.

This targeted phosphorylation of serine 269 is important for Src inhibition‐induced AQP2 membrane accumulation; without serine 269, Src inhibition exerts no effect on AQP2 trafficking.

This result helps us better understand the independent pathways that can target different AQP2 residues, and design new strategies to induce or sustain AQP2 membrane expression when VP signalling is defective.

Aquaporin‐2 (AQP2) is essential for water homeostasis. Upon stimulation by vasopressin, AQP2 is phosphorylated at serine 256 (S256), S264 and S269, and dephosphorylated at S261. It is thought that S256 is the master regulator of AQP2 trafficking and membrane accumulation, and that its phosphorylation has to precede phosphorylation of other serine residues. In this study, we found that VP reduces Src kinase phosphorylation: by suppressing Src using the inhibitor dasatinib and siRNA, we could increase AQP2 membrane accumulation in cultured AQP2‐expressing cells and in kidney collecting duct principal cells. Src inhibition increased exocytosis and inhibited clathrin‐mediated endocytosis of AQP2, but exerted its effect in a cAMP, PKA and S256 phosphorylation (pS256)‐independent manner. Despite the lack of S256 phosphorylation, dasatinib increased phosphorylation of S269, even in S256A mutant cells in which S256 phosphorylation cannot occur. To confirm the importance of pS269 in AQP2 re‐distribution, we expressed an AQP2 S269A mutant in LLC‐PK1 cells, and found that dasatinib no longer induced AQP2 membrane accumulation. In conclusion, Src inhibition causes phosphorylation of S269 independently of pS256, and induces AQP2 membrane accumulation by inhibiting clathrin‐mediated endocytosis and increasing exocytosis. We conclude that S269 can be phosphorylated without pS256, and pS269 alone is important for AQP2 apical membrane accumulation under some conditions. These data increase our understanding of the independent pathways that can phosphorylate different residues in the AQP2 C‐terminus, and suggest new strategies to target distinct AQP2 serine residues to induce membrane expression of this water channel when VP signalling is defective.
Fungal diversity regulates plant-soil feedbacks in temperate grassland
Authors: Semchenko Marina , Leff Jonathan W. , Lozano Yudi M. , Saar Sirgi , Davison John , Wilkinson Anna , Jackson Benjamin G. , Pritchard William J. , De Long Jonathan R. , Oakley Simon , Mason Kelly E. , Ostle Nicholas J. , Baggs Elizabeth M. , Johnson David , Fierer Noah , Bardgett Richard D.
Published: November 2018

Plant growth dynamics are shaped by the diversity of associating pathogenic, saprotrophic, and mutualistic soil fungi.
Harnessing a previously unidentified capability of bacterial allosteric transcription factors for sensing diverse small molecules in vitro
Authors: Cao Jiaqian , Yao Yongpeng , Fan Keqiang , Tan Gaoyi , Xiang Wensheng , Xia Xuekui , Li Shanshan , Wang Weishan , Zhang Lixin
Published: November 2018

We develop a novel biosensing platform for the detection of diverse small molecules.
An axon initial segment is required for temporal precision in action potential encoding by neuronal populations
Authors: Lazarov Elinor , Dannemeyer Melanie , Feulner Barbara , Enderlein Jörg , Gutnick Michael J. , Wolf Fred , Neef Andreas
Published: November 2018

The key feature of the axon initial segment, clustering of ion channels, facilitates information encoding in neuronal networks.
Soft optoelectronic sensory foams with proprioception
Authors: Van Meerbeek I. M. , De Sa C. M. , Shepherd R. F.
Published: November 2018

An internally illuminated elastomeric foam detects deformations through machine learning techniques.
Catering to chondrocytes
Authors: Evans Christopher H.
Published: November 2018

An innovative strategy for delivering drugs to chondrocytes in situ offers new avenues for treating osteoarthritis (Geiger
et al
., this issue).
Effectiveness of online interventions in preventing depression: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Rigabert Alina , Motrico Emma , Moreno-Peral Patricia , Resurrección Davinia M , Conejo-Cerón Sonia , Navas-Campaña Desirée , Bellón Juan Á
Published: November 2018

Introduction

Although evidence exists for the efficacy of psychosocial interventions in preventing depression, little is known about its prevention through online interventions. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of online interventions in preventing depression in heterogeneous populations.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials that will be identified through searches of PubMed, PsycINFO, WOS, Scopus, OpenGrey, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov and Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Register . We will also search the reference lists provided in relevant studies and reviews. Experts in the field will be contacted to obtain more references. Two independent reviewers will assess the eligibility criteria of all articles, extract data and determine their risk of bias (Cochrane Collaboration Tool). Baseline depression will be required to have been discarded through standardised interviews or validated self-reports with standard cut-off points. The outcomes will be the incidence of new cases of depression and/or the reduction of depressive symptoms as measured by validated instruments. Pooled standardised mean differences will be calculated using random-effect models. Heterogeneity and publication bias will be estimated. Predefined sensitivity and subgroup analyses will be performed. If heterogeneity is relevant, random-effect meta-regression will be performed.

Ethics and dissemination

The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and will be presented at a professional conference. Ethical assessment is not required as we will search and assess existing sources of literature.

Trial registration number

CRD42014014804; Results.
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for adult type 1 diabetes management: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Amsberg Susanne , Wijk Ingrid , Livheim Fredrik , Toft Eva , Johansson Unn-Britt , Anderbro Therese
Published: November 2018

Introduction

Integrating diabetes self-management into daily life involves a range of complex challenges for affected individuals. Environmental, social, behavioural and emotional psychological factors influence the lives of those with diabetes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of a stress management group intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) among adults living with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes.

Methods and analysis

This study will use a randomised controlled trial design evaluating treatment as usual (TAU) and ACT versus TAU. The stress management group intervention will be based on ACT and comprises a programme divided into seven 2-hour sessions conducted over 14 weeks. A total of 70 patients who meet inclusion criteria will be recruited over a 2-year period with follow-up after 1, 2 and 5 years.

The primary outcome measure will be HbA1c. The secondary outcome measures will be the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, the Swedish version of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey, the Swedish version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale, The Summary of Self-Care Activities, Acceptance Action Diabetes Questionnaire, Swedish Acceptance and Action Questionnaire and the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life. The questionnaires will be administered via the internet at baseline, after sessions 4 (study week 7) and 7 (study week 14), and 6, 12 and 24 months later, then finally after 5 years. HbA1cwill be measured at the same time points.

Assessment of intervention effect will be performed through the analysis of covariance. An intention-to-treat approach will be used. Mixed-model repeated measures will be applied to explore effect of intervention across all time points.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has received ethical approval (Dnr: 2016/14-31/1). The study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conferences and reports to key stakeholders.

Trial registration number

NCT02914496; Pre-results.
Do care plans and annual reviews of physical health influence unplanned hospital utilisation for people with serious mental illness? Analysis of linked longitudinal primary and secondary healthcare records in England
Authors: Ride Jemimah , Kasteridis Panagiotis , Gutacker Nils , Kronenberg Christoph , Doran Tim , Mason Anne , Rice Nigel , Gravelle Hugh , Goddard Maria , Kendrick Tony , Siddiqi Najma , Gilbody Simon , Dare Ceri RJ , Aylott Lauren , Williams Rachael , Jacobs Rowena
Published: November 2018

Objective

To investigate whether two primary care activities that are framed as indicators of primary care quality (comprehensive care plans and annual reviews of physical health) influence unplanned utilisation of hospital services for people with serious mental illness (SMI).

Design, setting, participants

Retrospective observational cohort study using linked primary care and hospital records (Hospital Episode Statistics) for 5158 patients diagnosed with SMI between April 2006 and March 2014, who attended 213 primary care practices in England that contribute to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD database.

Outcomes and analysis

Cox survival models were used to estimate the associations between two primary care quality indicators (care plans and annual reviews of physical health) and the hazards of three types of unplanned hospital utilisation: presentation to accident and emergency departments (A&E), admission for SMI and admission for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC).

Results

Risk of A&E presentation was 13% lower (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.98) and risk of admission to hospital for ACSC was 23% lower (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.99) for patients with a care plan documented in the previous year compared with those without a care plan. Risk of A&E presentation was 19% lower for those who had a care plan documented earlier but not updated in the previous year (HR: 0.81, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.97) compared with those without a care plan. Risks of hospital admission for SMI were not associated with care plans, and none of the outcomes were associated with annual reviews.

Conclusions

Care plans documented in primary care for people with SMI are associated with reduced risk of A&E attendance and reduced risk of unplanned admission to hospital for physical health problems, but not with risk of admission for mental health problems. Annual reviews of physical health are not associated with risk of unplanned hospital utilisation.
Lay community perceptions and treatment options for hypertension in rural northern Ghana: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Nyaaba Gertrude Nsorma , Masana Lina , Aikins Ama de-Graft , Stronks Karien , Agyemang Charles
Published: November 2018

Objective

Adherence to hypertension treatment is a major public health challenge for low and middle-income countries particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. One potential reason could be the discordance between lay and medical explanatory models of hypertension and its treatment. Understanding community perceptions and practices may contribute to improving hypertension control as they present insights into psychosocial and cultural factors that shape individual behaviour. We explore community perceptions regarding hypertension and its treatment in rural northern Ghana and how they differ from medical understanding.

Design

This was a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions to collect data, which were analysed using a thematic approach.

Setting

A multisite study conducted in four rural communities in two regions of northern Ghana.

Participants

We conducted 16 semi-structured interviews and eight focus group discussions with community leaders and members, respectively.

Results

Three major themes were identified: community perceptions, treatment options and community support for people with hypertension. Community perceptions about hypertension include hypertension perceived as excess blood in the body and associated with spiritual or witchcraft attacks. Traditional medicine is perceived to cure hypertension completely with concurrent use of biomedical and traditional medicines encouraged in rural communities. Community members did not consider themselves at risk of developing hypertension and reported having inadequate information on how to provide social support for hypertensive community members, which they attributed to low literacy and poverty.

Conclusion

There is a substantial mismatch between communities’ perceptions and medical understanding of hypertension and its treatment. These perceptions partly result from structural factors and social norms shaped by collective processes and traditions that shape lay beliefs and influence individual health behaviour. Socioeconomic factors also thwart access to information and contribute to inadequate social support for persons with hypertension. These findings highlight the need for a public health approach to hypertension control targeting families and communities.
Improving social inclusion for people with dementia and carers through sharing dance: a qualitative sequential continuum of care pilot study protocol
Authors: Skinner Mark W , Herron Rachel V , Bar Rachel J , Kontos Pia , Menec Verena
Published: November 2018

Introduction

This study examines the potential of dance to improve social inclusion for people living with dementia and carers. Research suggests that arts-based programmes can improve the health of people living with dementia and carers; however, little is known about how these programmes might address barriers to social inclusion. Addressing barriers requires the development and evaluation of accessible, non-stigmatising and affordable programmes that facilitate social inclusion across the continuum of institutional, community and household care settings.

Methods and analysis

The study involves a qualitative sequential pilot study of the innovative Baycrest NBS Sharing Dance Seniors programme underway in non-metropolitan regions of two Canadian provinces. It focuses on the remotely instructed delivery of the programme in care facilities, community centres and households. The study involves five phases of observations, diaries, focus groups and interviews with programme participants (people living with dementia), carers, coordinators, instructors and volunteers as well as critical reflections among research investigators and knowledge users. NVivo-based thematic and narrative analyses of the qualitative data will produce new knowledge about the experiences, effectiveness and challenges of the dance programme that will inform understanding of whether and in what ways it increases social inclusion and quality of life for older people living with dementia and carers. The findings will identify opportunities for programme expansion and support the further development of arts-based approaches.

Ethics and dissemination

The study is approved by the Research Ethics Boards at Trent University and Brandon University, and by participating organisations according to their governance procedures. The perspectives of people living with dementia and carers are incorporated throughout the study (from design to dissemination) and the study adheres to the ethical considerations when including people with dementia. A series of publicly available reports, seminars and symposia will be undertaken in collaboration with knowledge user and collaborating organisation partners.
Comments on the dilemma in the November issue: Is this nice for mice?
Authors: Rodgers Janet , Williams David
Published: November 2018

In the dilemma discussed in the November issue of In Practice, David Williams described a scenario where you have recently taken up a position as Named Veterinary Surgeon at a research laboratory. Until this point you have worked in small animal medicine. A lot of research is conducted on mice kept in individually ventilated cages and you are concerned that the housing does not meet the five welfare needs of the animals (IP, November 2018, vol 40, pp 422‐423). What could or would you do?
An experimental study on cyclic behaviour of reinforced concrete connections using waste materials as cement partial replacement
Authors: Murad Yasmin , Abu-Haniyi Yousef , AlKaraki Ala , Hamadeh Zeid
Published: November 2018

A series of cyclic tests on unconfined beam–column connections with composite concrete materials are conducted. Cement is partially replaced by waste materials using two different percentages of 15% and 20%. The proper percentage of cement replacement is found to be 15% for the pulverized fuel ash, silica fume, and iron filings. Increasing the percentage to 20% tends to relatively decrease concrete compressive strength, weaken the joint, and reduce its ductility. It is recommended using pulverized fuel ash to enhance the performance of beam–column connections under cyclic loading. Silica fume and iron filings have also enhanced the joint response, but the enhancement is most remarkable when using 15% pulverized fuel ash. The implementation of composite concrete has increased the joint’s ductility and reduced its level of damage based on the type and percentage of the implemented waste material. Furthermore, the disposal of waste materials into the concrete mix is a good solution for reducing environmental pollution.
Bacterial diversity in the waterholes of the Kruger National Park: an eDNA metabarcoding approach
Authors: Farrell Maxwell J. , Govender Danny , Hajibabaei Mehrdad , van der Bank Michelle , Davies T. Jonathan
Published: November 2018

Bacteria are essential components of natural environments. They contribute to ecosystem functioning through roles as mutualists and pathogens for larger species, and as key components of food webs and nutrient cycles. Bacterial communities respond to environmental disturbances, and the tracking of these communities across space and time may serve as indicators of ecosystem health in areas of conservation concern. Recent advances in DNA sequencing of environmental samples allow for rapid and culture-free characterization of bacterial communities. Here we conduct the first metabarcoding survey of bacterial diversity in the waterholes of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. We show that eDNA can be amplified from waterholes and find strongly structured microbial communities, likely reflecting local abiotic conditions, animal ecology, and anthropogenic disturbance. Over timescales from days to weeks we find increased turnover in community composition, indicating bacteria may represent host-associated taxa of large vertebrates visiting the waterholes. Through taxonomic annotation we also identify pathogenic taxa, demonstrating the utility of eDNA metabarcoding for surveillance of infectious diseases. These samples serve as a baseline survey of bacterial diversity in the Kruger National Park, and in the future, spatially distinct microbial communities may be used as markers of ecosystem disturbance, or biotic homogenization across the park.
Enhancement of the red emission in Ba3(PO4)2:Eu3+ by addition of charge compensator Na+
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Xiao Huaxing , Jiang Wei , Cao Xia , Huang Lu , Liu Gang , Ye Manyu , Zhang Zhiwei
Published: November 2018

Ba[Formula: see text](PO4)2:0.04Eu[Formula: see text] (S1) and Ba[Formula: see text]Na[Formula: see text](PO4)2:0.04Eu[Formula: see text] (S2) were prepared by solid state reaction. The phases and luminescent properties of the obtained phosphors were characterized. The results demonstrate that the phosphors particles emit an intensive red light under excitation at 395 nm. Both phosphors can be efficiently excited by ultraviolet and blue light, and the emission spectra mainly consist of two emission peaks at 591 nm and 611 nm. The crystallographic sites of Eu[Formula: see text] ions in Ba3(PO4)2 host were discussed on the base of emission spectra and its host crystal structure. By introducing the charge compensator Na[Formula: see text] into the S1 phosphor, its emission intensity was enhanced, indicating that S2 could serve as a promising red-emitting phosphor for UV LED applications.
Traffic Simulation and Visual Verification in Smog
Authors: Xu Mingliang , Wang Hua , Chu Shili , Gan Yong , Jiang Xiaoheng , Li Yafei , Zhou Bing
Published: November 2018

Smog causes low visibility on the road and it can impact the safety of traffic. Modeling traffic in smog will have a significant impact on realistic traffic simulations. Most existing traffic models assume that drivers have optimal vision in the simulations, making these simulations are not suitable for modeling smog weather conditions. In this article, we introduce the Smog Full Velocity Difference Model (SMOG-FVDM) for a realistic simulation of traffic in smog weather conditions. In this model, we present a stadia model for drivers in smog conditions. We introduce it into a car-following traffic model using both psychological force and body force concepts, and then we introduce the SMOG-FVDM. Considering that there are lots of parameters in the SMOG-FVDM, we design a visual verification system based on SMOG-FVDM to arrive at an adequate solution which can show visual simulation results under different road scenarios and different degrees of smog by reconciling the parameters. Experimental results show that our model can give a realistic and efficient traffic simulation of smog weather conditions.
Oral Care Program for Successful Long-Term Full Mouth Habilitation of Patients with Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
Authors: Hsieh Yuan-Lynn , Razzoog Michael , Garcia Hammaker Sabrina
Published: November 2018

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a rare congenital disorder that associates with dental manifestations of anodontia, hypodontia, and atrophic alveolar ridges. Although the disorder does not affect the life expectancy of the patient, it poses tremendous challenges on the patient’s physical and psychosocial development. Early and multidisciplinary dental care can benefit HED children’s development and improve their quality of life. This study presents two cases addressing the dental management continuously for 10 to 13 years in the dental school clinics. The keys to long-term success of the oral care program for HED patients at different age phases are reviewed and discussed, which can be summarized as early intervention, multidisciplinary collaborative care, and continuous recall.
Sociodemographic, Electrophysiological, and Biochemical Profiles in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and/or Epilepsy
Authors: Abd El Naby Sameh A. , Naguib Yahya M.
Published: November 2018

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most prevalent neurobehavioral disorders affecting children worldwide. The prevalence of ADHD is higher in children with epilepsy. Despite the plethora of conducted work, the precise cause of ADHD is not identified yet. We studied here the sociodemographic, clinical, electrophysiological, and biochemical profiles of children with ADHD, epilepsy, and ADHD with epilepsy. Subjects were divided into 4 groups (25 child/group): I—control, II—ADHD, III—epilepsy, and IV—ADHD with epilepsy. Male to female ratio was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the ADHD (3.1) and ADHD with epilepsy (2.1) groups when compared to the control (1.08) or epilepsy (1.08) groups. Positive family history was significantly evident in patients with epilepsy and ADHD with epilepsy, but not in the control or ADHD groups. Speech development was significantly delayed in the ADHD and ADHD with epilepsy groups. EEG abnormalities were detected in patients with ADHD (12%) and ADHD with epilepsy (68%). Focal frontal activities were significantly detectable in the ADHD (100%) and ADHD with epilepsy (77.8%) groups, whereas focal temporal activity was significantly present in the epilepsy (83.3%) group. Serum ferritin was significantly lower in the ADHD group (110.27 ± 6.64 ηg/ml) when compared to the control (134.23 ± 14.82 ηg/ml), epilepsy (159.66 ± 33.17 ηg/ml), and ADHD with epilepsy (203.04 ± 50.64 ηg/ml) groups. Serum zinc was significantly higher in the ADHD, epilepsy, and ADHD with epilepsy groups (236.63 ± 20.89, 286.74 ± 43.84, and 229.95 ± 67.34 μg/dl, respectively), when compared to the control group (144.21 ± 17.40 μg/dl). Serum adenosine deaminase was insignificantly different among the groups. Our results indicate that gender and family history are significant moderators in the aetiology of ADHD and epilepsy or their comorbidity. We also demonstrated that EEG could be central in the assessment of ADHD with epilepsy cases. Serum ferritin and zinc alteration may contribute significantly in ADHD and epilepsy pathophysiology.
Success of Crizotinib Combined with Whole-Brain Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases in a Patient with Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Rearrangement-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Okawa Sachi , Shibayama Takuo , Shimonishi Atsushi , Nishimura Jun , Ozeki Taichi , Takada Kenji , Kayatani Hiroe , Minami Daisuke , Sato Ken , Fujiwara Keiichi , Yonei Toshiro , Sato Toshio , Suno Manabu
Published: November 2018

Although crizotinib shows marked antitumor activity in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, all treated patients ultimately develop resistance to this drug. Isolated central nervous system failure without progression at extracranial sites is a common progression pattern in ALK rearrangement-positive NSCLC patients treated with crizotinib. Here, we report the success of crizotinib combined with whole-brain radiotherapy in an ALK rearrangement-positive NSCLC patient who developed leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and progression of multiple brain metastases. Additionally, we focused on the mechanism involved by examining the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of crizotinib in the present case.
Dexamethasone and Dexamethasone Phosphate Entry into Perilymph Compared for Middle Ear Applications in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Salt Alec N. , Hartsock Jared J. , Piu Fabrice , Hou Jennifer
Published: November 2018

Dexamethasone phosphate is widely used for intratympanic therapy in humans. We assessed the pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone entry into perilymph when administered as a dexamethasone phosphate solution or as a micronized dexamethasone suspension, with and without inclusion of poloxamer gel in the medium. After a 1-h application to guinea pigs, 10 independent samples of perilymph were collected from the lateral semicircular canal of each animal, allowing entry at the round window and stapes to be independently assessed. Both forms of dexamethasone entered the perilymph predominantly at the round window (73%), with a lower proportion entering at the stapes (22%). When normalized by applied concentration, dexamethasone phosphate was found to enter perilymph far more slowly than dexamethasone, in accordance with its calculated lipid solubility and polar surface area properties. Dexamethasone phosphate therefore has a problematic combination of kinetic properties when used for local therapy of the ear. It is relatively impermeable and enters perilymph only slowly from the middle ear. It is then metabolized in the ear to dexamethasone, which is more permeable through tissue boundaries and is rapidly lost from perilymph. Understanding the influence of molecular properties on the distribution of drugs in perilymph provides a new level of understanding which may help optimize drug therapies of the ear.
Inter-Cell and Inter-Chromosome Variability of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Patterns in Noncultured Human Embryonic and Extraembryonic Cells
Authors: Efimova Olga A. , Pendina Anna A. , Krapivin Mikhail I. , Kopat Vladimir V. , Tikhonov Andrei V. , Petrovskaia-Kaminskaia Anastasiia V. , Navodnikova Polina M. , Talantova Olga E. , Glotov Oleg S. , Baranov Vladislav S.
Published: November 2018

5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is an oxidative derivative of 5-methylcytosine (5mC). Recent studies have revealed a sharp difference in the levels of 5hmC in 2 opposite DNA strands of a given chromosome and a chromosome-wide cell-to-cell variability in mammalian cells. This asymmetric 5hmC distribution was found in cultured cells, which may not fully mimic in vivo epigenetic processes. We have checked whether inter-chromosome and inter-cell variability of 5hmC patterns is typical for noncultured human cells. Using indirect immunofluorescence, we analyzed the localization of 5hmC and its co-distribution with 5mC on direct preparations of mitotically active cells from human embryonic lung and chorionic cytotrophoblast samples. We demonstrated 3 types of chromosomes according to the 5hmC accumulation pattern: hydroxymethylated (5hmC in both sister chromatids), hemihydroxymethylated (5hmC in only 1 sister chromatid), and nonhydroxymethylated ones. Each accumulation type was not specific to any particular chromosome, resulting in different 5hmC patterns between homologous chromosomes, among chromosomes within each metaphase plate, among metaphases in one tissue, and between the tissues. The 5mC distribution was stable: chromosomes were methylated in R-bands and, especially in embryonic lung cells, in the heterochromatic regions 1q12, 9q12, and 16q11.2. Our results provide the first evidence of inter-cell and inter-chromosome variability of 5hmC patterns in human noncultured embryonic and extraembryonic cells.
Corneal Toxicity Induced by ABT-414 Therapy for Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Case Report
Authors: Eshraghi Hamoon , Mantopoulos Dimosthenis , Suh Leejee H. , Zaldana Francisco , Fine Howard F.
Published: November 2018

Background: To describe a case of corneal toxicity associated with the use of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor ABT-414 in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. Case Presentation: Case report of a 56-year-old male with glioblastoma multiforme who developed mild painless blurred vision after systemic treatment with the investigational EGFR inhibitor ABT-414. The patient had best corrected visual acuity of 20/60 right eye and 20/50 left eye. Ophthalmic examination revealed corneal toxicity with whorl-like opacities in the inferior interpalpebral cornea. The patient was treated with topical fluoromethalone and lifitegrast, and his ocular symptoms as well as the corneal findings improved. Conclusions: The systemic use of EGFR inhibitor ABT-414 may be associated with corneal toxicity and the effects are reversible with treatment.
Practice Variance in Thyroid Screening of Youth with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wolfgram Peter M. , Narala Bhavana , Wyatt David T.
Published: November 2018

Background: Variance between current American Diabetes Association (ADA) and International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) guidelines and in clinical practice exists for the use of thyroid antibody and thyroid function screening in pediatric patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: North American Pediatric Endocrine Society (PES) members were surveyed regarding their thyroid screening practices of euthyroid youth with T1D. An institutional analysis of the ability of antithyroid peroxidase (aTPO) and antithyroglobulin antibodies (aTG) to predict the subsequent use of levothyroxine was performed. Results: Forty-eight percent of 374 survey respondents tested both aTPO and aTG at diagnosis of T1D, but 35% performed no baseline antibody testing. If antibodies were positive, 89% of the respondents would perform annual thyroid function testing, but if antibodies were negative, 62% would follow thyroid function annually and 29% biannually. Institutionally, aTPO had significantly greater sensitivity (p = 0.04) but lower specificity (p = 0.008) than aTG for predicting the use of levothyroxine. Conclusions: Variance exists among North American PES members regarding thyroid disease screening for pediatric patients diagnosed with T1D, and this appears to reflect differences between ADA and ISPAD guidelines. A prospective multicenter observational study which shares electronic medical record data and compares aTPO and TSH as primary screening tests may allow for more uniform guidelines and address the possibility of using TSH alone.
Serum Bilirubin and Albumin in Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis
Authors: Shu Yaqing , Xu Yue , Chen Chen , Li Jing , Li Rui , Wu Haotian , Hu Xueqiang , Lu Zhengqi , Yu Xinhua , Qiu Wei
Published: November 2018

Background and Objective: Low serum levels of bilirubin and albumin are associated with multiple autoimmune diseases, but their role in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is unknown. Methods: Serum bilirubin and albumin levels were evaluated in 60 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, 50 cryptococcal encephalitis, and 145 healthy controls (CTLs). Of the 60 anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients, 30 had a follow-up evaluation at 3 months after admission. Results: Serum bilirubin and albumin levels were both significantly lower in anti-NMDAR encephalitis than in CTLs, and serum bilirubin levels were significantly lower in anti-NMDAR encephalitis than in cryptococcal encephalitis. Serum bilirubin levels were significantly lower in patients with psychiatric symptoms, with severe impairment, and with limited responses to treatment than those without psychiatric symptoms, with mild impairment, and with favorable responses to treatment, respectively. A follow-up evaluation of 30 patients revealed that the modified Rankin Scale scores were significantly decreased after treatment. Serum bilirubin significantly associated with serum albumin, and plasma hemoglobin. Conclusions: Our results revealed for the first time an association between the serum levels of bilirubin in the anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Further studies investigating the role of bilirubin and albumin in anti-NMDAR encephalitis are required.
Long Non-Coding RNA H19 Acts as an Estrogen Receptor Modulator that is Required for Endocrine Therapy Resistance in ER+ Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Basak Pratima , Chatterjee Sumanta , Bhat Vasudeva , Su Alice , Jin Hyerang , Lee-Wing Victoria , Liu Qian , Hu Pingzhao , Murphy Leigh C , Raouf Afshin
Published: November 2018

Background/Aims: Blocking estrogen signaling with endocrine therapies (Tamoxifen or Fulverstrant) is an effective treatment for Estrogen Receptor-α positive (ER+) breast cancer tumours. Unfortunately, development of endocrine therapy resistance (ETR) is a frequent event resulting in disease relapse and decreased overall patient survival. The long noncoding RNA, H19, was previously shown to play a significant role in estrogen-induced proliferation of both normal and malignant ER+ breast epithelial cells. We hypothesized that H19 expression is also important for the proliferation and survival of ETR cells. Methods: Here we utilized established ETR cell models; the Tamoxifen (Tam)-resistant LCC2 and the Fulvestrant and Tam cross-resistant LCC9 cells. Gain and loss of H19 function were achieved through lentiviral transduction as well as pharmacological inhibitors of the Notch and c-Met receptor signaling pathways. The effects of altered H19 expression on cell viability and ETR were assessed using three-dimensional (3D) organoid cultures and 2D co-cultures with low passage tumour-associated fbroblasts (TAFs). Results: Here we report that treating ETR cells with Tam or Fulvestrant increases H19 expression and that it’s decreased expression overcomes resistance to Tam and Fulvestrant in these cells. Interestingly, H19 expression is regulated by Notch and HGF signaling in the ETR cells and pharmacological inhibitors of Notch and c-MET signaling together significantly reverse resistance to Tam and Fulvestrant in an H19-dependent manner in these cells. Lastly, we demonstrate that H19 regulates ERα expression at the transcript and protein levels in the ETR cells and that H19 protects ERα against Fulvestrant-mediated downregulation of ERα protein. We also observed that blocking Notch and the c-MET receptor signaling also overcomes Fulvestrant and Tam resistance in 3D organoid cultures by decreasing ERα and H19 expression in the ETR cells. Conclusion: In endocrine therapy resistant breast cancer cells Fulvestrant is ineffective in decreasing ERα levels. Our data suggest that in the ETR cells, H19 expression acts as an ER modulator and that its levels and subsequently ERα levels can be substantially decreased by blocking Notch and c-MET receptor signaling. Consequently, treating ETR cells with these pharmacological inhibitors helps overcome resistance to Fulvestrant and Tamoxifen.
Ectodomain Shedding of RAGE and TLR4 as a Negative Feedback Regulation in High-Mobility Group Box 1-Activated Aortic Endothelial Cells
Authors: Yang Won Seok , Kim Jin Ju , Lee Mee Jeong , Lee Eun Kyoung , Park Su-Kil
Published: November 2018

Background/Aims: High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) elicits inflammatory responses through interactions with the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). We investigated how RAGE and TLR4 expressions are regulated after HMGB1 stimulation in cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Methods: RAGE and TLR4 expressions were analyzed by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) activity was measured using a fluorogenic substrate. Results: Upon treatment with HMGB1, both RAGE and TLR4 began to decrease in cell lysate and remained decreased up to 24 h. The decrease in cellular RAGE and TLR4 was accompanied by an increase of N-terminal fragment of RAGE and TLR4 in culture supernatant, indicating ectodomain shedding of the receptors. HMGB1 activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and ADAM17, while HMGB1-induced ADAM17 activation was inhibited by SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor. HMGB1-induced ectodomain shedding of RAGE and TLR4 was prevented by siRNA depletion of ADAM17 as well as TAPI-2, an inhibitor of ADAM family, and SB203580. HMGB1 pretreatment abolished p38 MAPK activation in response to 2nd HMGB1 stimulation. In the cells depleted of ADAM17, HMGB1-induced p38 MAPK activation was prolonged. siRNA depletion of RAGE, but not TLR4, suppressed HMGB1-induced p38 MAPK activation. Conclusion: In response to HMGB1 stimulation, HAECs rapidly undergo ectodomain shedding of RAGE and TLR4, and thereby become insensitive to further HMGB1 stimulation. ADAM17, activated through RAGE-p38 MAPK pathway, is implicated in the ectodomain cleavage of the receptors.
De Atatürk a Erdoğan: A República da Turquia em três tempos
Authors: Sochaczewski Monique
Published: November 2018

Este artigo propõe revisão histórica da República da Turquia, estabelecida em 1923. Trata inicialmente dos anos formadores de Atatürk, apresenta a complexidade do período que vai de 1938 a 2002 e os vários golpes militares que então ocorreram, focando, por fim, no período de domínio do partido AKP, tendo Recep Tayyip Erdoğan como primeiro-ministro e depois como presidente.