bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel hybrid GWO–PSO-based maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic systems operating under partial shading conditions
Authors: Chtita Smail , Motahhir Saad , El Hammoumi Aboubakr , Chouder Aissa , Benyoucef Abou Soufiane , El Ghzizal Abdelaziz , Derouich Aziz , Abouhawwash Mohamed , Askar S. S.
Published: June 2022

One of the major challenges in photovoltaic (PV) systems is extracting the maximum power from the PV array, especially when they operate under partial shading conditions (PSCs). To address this challenge, this paper introduces a novel hybrid maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method based on grey wolf optimization and particle swarm optimization (GWO–PSO) techniques. The developed MPPT technique not only avoids the common disadvantages of conventional MPPT techniques (such as perturb and observe (P&O) and incremental conductance) but also provides a simple and robust MPPT scheme to effectively handle partial shading in PV systems, since it requires only two control parameters, and its convergence to the global maximum power point (GMPP) is independent of the search process's initial conditions. The feasibility and effectiveness of the hybrid GWO–PSO-based MPPT method are verified via a co-simulation technique that combines MATLAB/SIMULINK and PSIM software environments, while comparing its performance against GWO, PSO and P&O based MPPT methods. The simulation results carried out under dynamic environmental conditions have shown the satisfactory effectiveness of the hybrid MPPT method in terms of tracking accuracy, convergence speed to GMPP and efficiency, compared to other methods.
Peristaltic pump with heat and mass transfer of a fractional second grade fluid through porous medium inside a tube
Authors: Abd-Alla A. M. , Abo-Dahab S. M. , Thabet Esraa N. , Abdelhafez M. A.
Published: June 2022

In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), this MRI is used for the diagnosis of the brain. The dynamic of these particles occurs under the action of the peristaltic waves generated on the flexible walls of the brain. Studying such fluid flow of a Fractional Second-Grade under this action is therefore useful in treating tissues of cancer. This paper deals with a theoretical investigation of the interaction of heat and mass transfer in the peristaltic flow of a magnetic field fractional second-grade fluid through a tube, under the assumption of low Reynolds number and long-wavelength. The analytical solution to a problem is obtained by using Caputo's definition. The effect of different physical parameters, the material constant, magnetic field, and fractional parameter on the temperature, concentration, axial velocity, pressure gradient, pressure rise, friction forces, and coefficient of heat and mass transfer are discussed with particular emphasis. The computed results are presented in graphical form. It is because the nature of heat and mass transfer coefficient is oscillatory which is following the physical expectation due to the oscillatory nature of the tube wall. It is perceived that with an increase in Hartmann number, the velocity decreases. A suitable comparison has been made with the prior results in the literature as a limiting case of the considered problem.
Design and development of non-magnetic hierarchical actuator powered by shape memory alloy based bipennate muscle
Authors: Chaurasiya Kanhaiya Lal , Harsha A. Sri , Sinha Yashaswi , Bhattacharya Bishakh
Published: June 2022

Actuators are ubiquitous to generate controlled motion through the application of suitable excitation force or torque to perform various operations in manufacturing and industrial automation. The demands placed on faster, smaller, and efficient actuators drive innovation in actuator development. Shape memory alloy (SMA) based actuators have multiple advantages over conventional actuators, including high power-to-weight ratio. This paper integrates the advantages of pennate muscle of a biological system and the unique properties of SMA to develop SMA-based bipennate actuator. The present study explores and expands on the previous SMA actuators by developing the mathematical model of the new actuator based on the bipennate arrangement of the SMA wires and experimentally validating it. The new actuator is found to deliver at least five times higher actuation forces (up to 150 N) in comparison to the reported SMA-based actuators. The corresponding weight reduction is about 67%. The results from the sensitivity analysis of the mathematical model facilitates customization of the design parameters and understanding critical parameters. This study further introduces an Nth level hierarchical actuator that can be deployed for further amplification of actuation forces. The SMA-based bipennate muscle actuator has broad applications ranging from building automation controls to precise drug delivery systems.
Effect of radiotherapy sequence on long-term outcome in patients with node-positive breast cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Woo Joohyun , Moon Byung-In , Kwon Hyungju , Lim Woosung
Published: June 2022

The optimal sequence of chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) after surgery in breast cancer patients is unclear. There is a lack of literature on RT given between anthracycline and taxane administration. We evaluated the effect of RT sequence on long-term outcome in breast cancer. Two hundred patients who underwent surgery between January 2009 and December 2012 for node-positive breast cancers were evaluated retrospectively. All patients were treated with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) followed by taxane. Sandwich RT group that received RT between AC and taxane was compared to the group that received RT after CT. The mean follow-up period was 105.4 months. The locoregional recurrence (LRR) rate was lower in sandwich RT group (P = 0.012) and there was no significant difference in distant metastasis between the two groups. The RT sequence was an important predictor for LRR in multivariable analysis (P = 0.017). For luminal A subtype, disease-free survival (DFS) was better in sandwich RT group than in CT followed by RT group (P = 0.001). The overall survival did not correlated with RT sequence regardless of subtype. Sandwich RT can offer DFS benefit in luminal A subtype breast cancer. A tailored approach of sequencing chemotherapy and radiotherapy would be needed considering the factors that can influence outcome.
Predicting prognosis and clinical features of the tumor microenvironment based on ferroptosis score in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Yin Lianli , Tang Yinghua
Published: June 2022

Ferroptosis genes have recently been reported to be involved in regulating the development of cancer, but their potential role in breast cancer (BRCA) is not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to systematically study the mechanism of ferroptosis in BRCA and its relationship with this cancer’s prognosis, cell infiltration, gene mutation, and other clinical features. In this study, The Cancer Genome Atlas breast cancer (TCGA-BRCA) database (UCSC Xena) was used to mine the ferroptosis genes related to BRCA patients, and the genes with prognostic value were screened by Cox regression analysis, which were then used to construct a prognostic model for scoring prognostic molecular risk. The relationships between ferroptosis score and prognosis, molecular typing, and clinical characteristics of BRCA were also analyzed. A total of 176 ferroptosis genes related to BRCA were retrieved from the database, 22 of which were found to be significantly related to BRCA prognosis after screening by single-factor Cox regression analysis (p < 0.01). Unsupervised clustering of samples was performed using factoextra, and two subgroups (ferroptosis cluster A and ferroptosis cluster B) with significant differences in prognosis were identified. Subsequently, single-factor Cox regression analysis and random forest dimensionality reduction were used to screen characteristic genes to construct a ferroptosis score model, which included a high ferroptosis score group and a low ferroptosis score group. The results showed that there were significant differences in ferroptosis scores between the ferroptosis cluster A and B groups. The prognosis of patients with low ferroptosis scores was poor, and the overall survival (OS) rate of patients with high ferroptosis scores was significantly higher, indicating that the prognosis of the sample can be well characterized based on calculated ferroptosis scores. Ferroptosis scores differed significantly according to patient age, TP53 and PIK3CA gene mutations, different PAM50 molecular types, and clinical stages. Ferroptosis activation plays a non-negligible role in tumor occurrence and development. Evaluating the ferroptosis score within BRCA will help advance our understanding of the infiltrating properties of cells in the tumor microenvironment and may guide more effective immunotherapy strategies.
Deep-learning density functional theory Hamiltonian for efficient ab initio electronic-structure calculation
Authors: Li He , Wang Zun , Zou Nianlong , Ye Meng , Xu Runzhang , Gong Xiaoxun , Duan Wenhui , Xu Yong
Published: June 2022

The marriage of density functional theory (DFT) and deep-learning methods has the potential to revolutionize modern computational materials science. Here we develop a deep neural network approach to represent the DFT Hamiltonian (DeepH) of crystalline materials, aiming to bypass the computationally demanding self-consistent field iterations of DFT and substantially improve the efficiency of ab initio electronic-structure calculations. A general framework is proposed to deal with the large dimensionality and gauge (or rotation) covariance of the DFT Hamiltonian matrix by virtue of locality, and this is realized by a message-passing neural network for deep learning. High accuracy, high efficiency and good transferability of the DeepH method are generally demonstrated for various kinds of material system and physical property. The method provides a solution to the accuracy–efficiency dilemma of DFT and opens opportunities to explore large-scale material systems, as evidenced by a promising application in the study of twisted van der Waals materials.
Sensitive and rapid determination of heat shock protein 70 using lateral flow immunostrips and upconversion nanoparticle fluorescence probes
Authors: Wu Nengying , Wei Yuxi , Pan Lanlan , Yang Xiaolin , Qi Honglan , Gao Qiang , Zhang Chengxiao , Li Chen-zhong
Published: June 2022

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), belonging to the heat shock protein (HSP) family, is reported to be a potential diagnostic biomarker.
An efficient 3D adsorbent foam based on graphene oxide/AgO nanoparticles for rapid vortex-assisted floating solid phase extraction of bisphenol A in canned food products
Authors: Shirani Mahboube , Aslani Abolfazl , Sepahi Soheila , Parandi Ehsan , Motamedi Azadeh , Jahanmard Elham , Nodeh Hamid Rashidi , Akbari-adergani Behrouz
Published: June 2022

3-D adsorbent foam based on graphene oxide/AgO nanoparticles for vortex-assisted floating solid phase extraction of bisphenol A.
Rapid measurement of total lipids in zooplankton using the sulfo-phospho-vanillin reaction
Authors: Pinger Cody , Copeman Louise , Stowell Michelle , Cormack Bryan , Fugate Corey , Rogers Matthew
Published: June 2022

Here, we analyze the performance of a microplate assay utilizing the sulfo-phospho-vanillin (SPV) reaction to quantify the total lipid content of various large crustacean zooplankton in a rapid and high throughput manner.
Informing our understanding of the copper–cuprizone reaction with computational chemistry
Authors: Pushie M. Jake , George Graham N.
Published: June 2022

The coordination chemistry of copper–cuprizone has presented considerable challenges for over 70 years. Using computational chemistry we elucidate key events in copper–cuprizone complex formation, including the asymmetric hydrolysis of cuprizone.
Solvent dependence of crystal structure and dielectric relaxation in ferromagnetic [MnCr(oxalate)3]− salt
Authors: Wu Jia-bing , Huang Rui-Kang , Takahashi Kiyonori , Nakamura Takayoshi
Published: June 2022

The orientation of (4-carboxybutan-1-aminium)([18]crown-6), as well as the rotational behaviour of [18]crown-6, is triggered by guest CH3OH through hydrogen bond reorganisation.
Investigating the interaction between dietary polyphenols, the SARS CoV-2 spike protein and the ACE-2 receptor
Authors: Schmidt Dorothea , Hakeem Said Inamullah , Ohl Nicholas , Sharifii Mobinasaddat , Cotrell Paula , Kuhnert Nikolai
Published: June 2022

In this contribution we show that 5-caffeoyl quinic acid reduces the affinity of the Coronavirus 2 Spike protein to the human ACE-2 receptor promising dietary prevention or slow-down of the SARS-CoC-2 pandemic.
4-Hydroxydibenzyl: a novel metabolite from the human gut microbiota after consuming resveratrol
Authors: Iglesias-Aguirre C. E. , Vallejo F. , Beltrán D. , Berná J. , Puigcerver J. , Alajarín M. , Selma M. V. , Espín J. C.
Published: June 2022

4-Hydroxydibenzyl is a novel metabolite produced by the human gut microbiota from resveratrol after sequential dehydroxylations at the 5- and 3-positions.
3,6,13,16-Tetraalkylporphycenes: synthesis and exploration of the effect of alkyl groups on the structure, photophysical properties, and basicity
Authors: Nagamaiah Jodukathula , Dutta Arnab , Sahoo Sipra Sucharita , Sahoo Sameeta , Panda Pradeepta K.
Published: June 2022

Alkyl groups at the 3,6,13,16-positions of porphycenes are found to have a profound effect upon the structure, photophysical properties and basicity compared to their reported positional isomers.
Ductile gas barrier poly(ester–amide)s derived from glycolide
Authors: Jang Yoon-Jung , Sangroniz Leire , Hillmyer Marc A.
Published: June 2022

Sustainable poly(ester–amide)s derived from glycolide have been synthesized and their thermal, mechanical, and gas barrier properties have been studied by systematically changing the number of methylene groups.
Combining dynamic Monte Carlo with machine learning to study nanoparticle translocation
Authors: Vieira Luiz Fernando , Weinhofer Alexandra C. , Oltjen William C. , Yu Cindy , de Souza Mendes Paulo Roberto , Hore Michael J. A.
Published: June 2022

Resistive pulse sensing (RPS) measurements of nanoparticle translocation have the ability to provide information on single-particle level characteristics, such as diameter or mobility, as well as ensemble averages.
Effect of particle size on the stripping dynamics during impact of liquid marbles onto a liquid film
Authors: Feng Yijun , Wang Lin , Xu Jinliang , Liu Guohua
Published: June 2022

This work discusses the effects of particle size on the particle separation from liquid marbles by fast dynamics of drop impact on a soap film.
Distinct interactors define the p63 transcriptional signature in epithelial development or cancer
Authors: Pecorari Rosalba , Bernassola Francesca , Melino Gerry , Candi Eleonora
Published: June 2022

The TP63 is an indispensable transcription factor for development and homeostasis of epithelia and its derived glandular tissue. It is also involved in female germline cell quality control, muscle and thymus development. It is expressed as multiple isoforms transcribed by two independent promoters, in addition to alternative splicing occurring at the mRNA 3′-UTR. Expression of the TP63 gene, specifically the amino-deleted p63 isoform, ΔNp63, is required to regulate numerous biological activities, including lineage specification, self-renewal capacity of epithelial stem cells, proliferation/expansion of basal keratinocytes, differentiation of stratified epithelia. In cancer, ΔNp63 is implicated in squamous cancers pathogenesis of different origin including skin, head and neck and lung and in sustaining self-renewal of cancer stem cells. How this transcription factor can control such a diverse set of biological pathways is central to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which p63 acquires oncogenic activity, profoundly changing its down-stream transcriptional signature. Here, we highlight how different proteins interacting with p63 allow it to regulate the transcription of several central genes. The interacting proteins include transcription factors/regulators, epigenetic modifiers, and post-transcriptional modifiers. Moreover, as p63 depends on its interactome, we discuss the hypothesis to target the protein interactors to directly affect p63 oncogenic activities and p63-related diseases.
Analytical model of a dual‐stator spoke‐type permanent magnet synchronous machines accounting for tooth‐tips
Authors: Zhu Minchen , Zeng Pingliang , Lou Xiansi , Mao Guijiang , Dou Yongliang , He Zhen
Published: June 2022

This paper presents an analytical model of a dual‐stator spoke‐type permanent magnet (DSSTPM) synchronous machines accounting for tooth‐tips. Based on the two‐dimensional (2‐D) subdomain technique, the field domain of DSSTPM machine is divided into seven sub‐regions, that is, permanent magnet (PM), outer/inner air gaps, slots and slot openings. The magnetic field distribution and electromagnetic performance can be calculated via solving the governing functions based on boundary and interface conditions. The analytical predictions for DSSTPM machine under both open‐circuit and on‐load conditions are calculated and compared by the finite element (FE) method.
Self‐starting generation of tri‐band frequencies using a dual‐parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator‐based optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: Zhao Quanjing , Yan Juanjuan
Published: June 2022

A scheme for multi‐band frequency generation is proposed and experimentally demonstrated using a dual‐parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DPMZM)‐based optoelectronic oscillator (OEO). The principle of this generator is theoretically described in detail. It is found that multiple frequencies with a small power variation can be produced by setting the three working points and the modulation depth of the DPMZM. In the proving experiment, an 8‐GHz fundamental oscillation with a side mode suppression ratio of 44 dB is generated. The phase noise is measured to be −96.8 dBc/Hz @ 10 KHz offset with a 100‐m and 1‐Km optical fibre used in the two oscillation loops. When the oscillating signal is applied to drive the two sub‐modulators in the DPMZM, doubled and tripled frequencies are produced at the same time, and the phase noises of the two frequencies are also measured to be −90.2 dBc/Hz and −85.9 dBc/Hz @10 KHz, respectively.
First light for GRAVITY Wide
Authors:   GRAVITY+ Collaboration, Abuter R. , Allouche F. , Amorim A. , Bailet C. , Bauböck M. , Berger J.-P. , Berio P. , Bigioli A. , Boebion O. , Bolzer M. L. , Bonnet H. , Bourdarot G. , Bourget P. , Brandner W. , Clénet Y. , Courtney-Barrer B. , Dallilar Y. , Davies R. , Defrère D. , Delboulbé A. , Delplancke F. , Dembet R. , de Zeeuw P. T. , Drescher A. , Eckart A. , Édouard C. , Eisenhauer F. , Fabricius M. , Feuchtgruber H. , Finger G. , Förster Schreiber N. M. , Garcia E. , Garcia P. , Gao F. , Gendron E. , Genzel R. , Gil J. P. , Gillessen S. , Gomes T. , Gonté F. , Gouvret C. , Guajardo P. , Guieu S. , Hartl M. , Haubois X. , Haußmann F. , Heißel G. , Henning Th. , Hippler S. , Hönig S. , Horrobin M. , Hubin N. , Jacqmart E. , Jochum L. , Jocou L. , Kaufer A. , Kervella P. , Korhonen H. , Kreidberg L. , Lacour S. , Lagarde S. , Lai O. , Lapeyrère V. , Laugier R. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Leftley J. , Léna P. , Lutz D. , Mang F. , Marcotto A. , Maurel D. , Mérand A. , Millour F. , More N. , Nowacki H. , Nowak M. , Oberti S. , Ott T. , Pallanca L. , Pasquini L. , Paumard T. , Perraut K. , Perrin G. , Petrov R. , Pfuhl O. , Pourré N. , Rabien S. , Rau C. , Robbe-Dubois S. , Rochat S. , Salman M. , Schöller M. , Schubert J. , Schuhler N. , Shangguan J. , Shimizu T. , Scheithauer S. , Sevin A. , Soulez F. , Spang A. , Stadler E. , Stadler J. , Straubmeier C. , Sturm E. , Tacconi L. J. , Tristram K. R. W. , Vincent F. , von Fellenberg S. , Uysal S. , Widmann F. , Wieprecht E. , Wiezorrek E. , Woillez J. , Yazici S. , Young A. , Zins G.
Published: June 2022

GRAVITY+ is the upgrade for GRAVITY and the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) with wide-separation fringe tracking, new adaptive optics, and laser guide stars on all four 8 m Unit Telescopes (UTs) to enable ever-fainter, all-sky, high-contrast, milliarcsecond interferometry. Here we present the design and first results of the first phase of GRAVITY+, known as GRAVITY Wide. GRAVITY Wide combines the dual-beam capabilities of the VLTI and the GRAVITY instrument to increase the maximum separation between the science target and the reference star from 2 arcseconds with the 8 m UTs up to several 10 arcseconds, limited only by the Earth’s turbulent atmosphere. This increases the sky-coverage of GRAVITY by two orders of magnitude, opening up milliarcsecond resolution observations of faint objects and, in particular, the extragalactic sky. The first observations in 2019–2022 include the first infrared interferometry of two redshift z ~ 2 quasars, interferometric imaging of the binary system HD 105913A, and repeat observations of multiple star systems in the Orion Trapezium Cluster. We find the coherence loss between the science object and fringe-tracking reference star well described by the turbulence of the Earth’s atmosphere. We confirm that the larger apertures of the UTs result in higher visibilities for a given separation due to the broader overlap of the projected pupils on the sky and provide predictions for visibility loss as a function of separation to be used for future planning.
GLER-Unet: An ensemble network for hard exudates segmentation
Authors: Liu Siyu , Wang Dan , Wang Xiaoxi
Published: June 2022

The detection of hard exudation in diabetic retinopathy is a hot topic in medical image segmentation. Aiming at the irregular shape and different size of lesion area in Hard Exudates segmentation task and the common few-shot learning challenge in medical image segmentation task, a Global-Local Ensemble Robust U-Net is proposed. The network consists of a Global Contour Extraction network for extracting long-range semantics and hard exudates contour which use complete image for training, a Local Refined Feature Segmentation network for extracting local refined segmentation rules which use patch image for training, and a Feature Revise network for fusing the features extracted by the first two networks and generating binary masks. The proposed method obtains DICE, TPR and PPV of 0.8741, 0.8752, 0.8730 and 0.8960, 0.8964, 0.8956 respectively on E-Ophtha and IDRiD. At the same time, the proposed methods shows strong robustness in cross dataset testing, better than other baseline models.
A pseudorandom bit generator based on hyperbolic cosine function
Authors: Wu Qi
Published: June 2022

In the literature, little attention is paid to devising and analyzing novel one dimensional chaotic mappings. In our previous efforts, we have tried fold, translation & scale on arctangent function & sigmoid function respectively, which brings good results. In this paper, we do the same to obtain a variant of Hyperbolic Cosine Function. Both Bifurcation Diagram & Lyapunov Exponent Spectrum manifest that the new mapping possesses wonderful chaotic properties. Then, a pseudorandom bit generator is designed based on it. Pseudorandom tests demonstrate that the generator is much better than our previous ones. It owns great application prospect.
Research on QPSO algorithm for trajectory planning of FFSR general kinematics modeling
Authors: Li Huazhong
Published: June 2022

Aiming at the optimal trajectory planning problem faced by free floating space robot (FFSR) in capturing non cooperative target (NCT) with unknown dynamic parameters, firstly, based on the unique intrinsic characteristics ofFFSRin microgravity environment, a generalFFSRkinematic model based on generalized velocity variables and anNCTdynamic model based on quaternion method are established. Secondly, the optimal criterion ofFFSRtrajectory planning and the parametric modeling method ofFFSRmanipulator joint trajectory based on sinusoidal function are studied; Finally, aQPSOalgorithm for FFSR trajectory planning based on the optimal comprehensive index is proposed
It is a sufficient condition only, not a necessary and sufficient condition, for decomposing wavefront aberrations
Authors: Lin Psang
Published: June 2022

The classic equation for decomposing the wavefront aberrations of axis-symmetrical optical systems has the form,

$$ W({h}_0,\rho,\phi )=\sum_{j=0}^{\propto } \sum_{p=0}^{\propto } \sum_{m=0}^{\propto } {C}_{\left(2j+m\right)\left(2p+m\right)m}({h}_0{)}^{2j+m}(\rho {)}^{2p+m}(\mathrm{cos}\phi {)}^m $$

where j, p and m are non-negative integers, ρ and ϕ are the polar coordinates of the pupil, and h0 is the object height. However, one non-zero component of the aberrations (i.e., C133h0ρ3cos3ϕ) is missing from this equation when the image plane is not the Gaussian image plane. This implies that the equation is a sufficient condition only, rather than a necessary and sufficient condition, since it cannot guarantee that all of the components of the aberrations can be found. Accordingly, this paper presents a new method for determining all the components of aberrations of any order. The results show that three and six components of the secondary and tertiary aberrations, respectively, are missing in the existing literature.
Numerical analysis of the dispersion of acoustic Rayleigh waves in a Functionally Graded Piezoelectric half-Space
Authors: El Khaldi Loukmane , Sanbi Mustapha
Published: June 2022

Considerable attention has been given to the study of the propagation of surface waves in order to improve the efficiency and lifetime of the surface acoustic wave devices such as transducers. In this paper, an investigation of the Rayleigh waves in functionally graded piezoelectric material is presented. The Rayleigh surface wave propagation is assumed to take place in a transversely isotropic graded piezoelectric half-space with material properties varying continuously along the thickness direction. The obtained results have shown that dispersive Rayleigh waves can propagate on the surface of the FGPM half-space with characteristics that depend on the graded variation of the material parameters. Based on the dispersion relations, the phase velocity for both the electrically open and shorted cases at the free surface is deduced. The displacement magnitudes and the corresponding decay variations are plotted and discussed.
Semi-Analytical Finite Element Method for calculating dispersion curves of a CFRP plate
Authors: Nissabouri Salah , Mekkaoui Moussa , Rhimini Hassan , El Allami Mhammed , Zamma Abdellah
Published: June 2022

Composite Materials are widely used thanks to their mechanical characteristics. Non destructive evaluation requires knowing the exact dispersion curves to determine the propagative waves and to resolve the phase velocity of symmetrical and antisymmetrical modes. The aim of this paper is to plot the dispersion curves of a Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer plate using Semi Analytical Finite Element Method algorithm. This method combines the analytical expression of the displacement and the finite element method procedure. The resultant advantage is both simplicity and rapidity. The obtained results showed that the method accuracy depends on the elements number of meshing. To ensure good precision and fast computation of the method, the elements number and the order of the interpolation functions must be optimized.
Prediction of the macroscopic behavior of multi-layered elastic composites
Authors: Bouchikhi Ahmed , Bakkali Abderrahmane , Ouardouz Mustapha
Published: June 2022

In this work, elastic fiber reinforced composite materials consisting of several layers are considered. Each layer is assumed to be a unidirectional fiber reinforced composite. The interface between layers is assumed to be perfect, which means the displacement and the traction through interfaces are continuous. To predict the overall behavior of the considered composite a two step homogenization procedure is considered. In the first step, effective properties of fiber reinforced layers are predicted based on the Mori-Tanaka micromechanical model and in the second one, a general matrix method is constructed to obtain the macroscopic properties of multi-layered composites. Analytical expressions of effective properties, for reinforced composites constituted with arbitrary N layers, are derived. The combination of the Mori-Tanaka method with the general matrix method allowed obtaining the effective properties of reinforced elastic multi-layered composites.
Digital capital as an indicator of the effectiveness of the use of digital technologies in the management of socio-economic systems
Authors: Merzlikina Galina , Mogharbel Natalya
Published: June 2022

Digitalization (the use of digital technologies in the management of socio-economic systems) is currently recognized as a prerequisite for effective economic development and competitiveness. A comparative analysis of digitalization assessment methods has shown that in most cases the level of dissemination and application of digital technologies, provision of equipment, software products, Internet access, the possibility of forming and using databases is assessed. The methods do not involve evaluating the effectiveness of digitalization – comparing the result and the costs of digitalization. In this article, it is proposed to use digital capital as an indicator of the effectiveness of the use of digital technologies in the management of socio-economic systems. A comparative analysis of the definitions of “digital capital” proposed by various scientists is carried out and a refined definition is proposed: a set of tangible and intangible identifiable and unidentifiable (the concept of digital goodwill is proposed) digital assets and digital competencies of employees that allow them to successfully implement digital technologies and increase labor productivity. Possible methods of digital capital assessment and features of digital capital assessment of various socio-economic systems are considered.
Digital translation tools in the process of teaching of foreign languages
Authors: Kabanov Alexander , Nevraeva Natalie , Pyrkova Tamara , Savelyeva Nelly , Oleynik Igor , Gurskaya Tatyana
Published: June 2022

The scientific article describes the problems of using electronic automated translation tools in the educational process of a non-linguistic university. A description of the positive and negative factors of the use of electronic translators is given, which affect the quality of the assimilation of educational material about a foreign language. Some examples of translation implementation using electronic translators and additional services that they offer for the accurate transfer of information from one language to another are given. In addition, additional sources of information are proposed for the formation of students’ skills in the correct implementation of translation from a foreign language into Russian. Examples of visualization of the result are given for a visual representation of the translated facts and realities.
Erhöhte ionisierte Kalzium/Magnesium-Ratio bei
älteren Hypertoniker*innen
Authors: Kisters Klaus , Kisters Lukas , Gröber Uwe
Published: June 2022

Veränderungen im Kalzium-Magnesium-Haushalt sind von pathogenetischer
Bedeutung bei der Entstehung von essenzieller Hypertonie und Arteriosklerose.
Ursache sind gestörte Transportsysteme für die Elektrolyte. In
einer Studie mit älteren Hypertoniker*innen wurde mittels
Messung von ionisiertem Kalzium und Magnesium sowie Berechnung der Ratio eine
neue Methode angewendet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die ionisierte
Kalzium/Magnesium-Ratio bei ca. 40% der älteren
Hypertoniker*innen statistisch signifikant erhöht ist. Da
erhöhte Kalzium- und erniedrigte Magnesiumkonzentrationen bei
essenziellen Hypertoniker*innen die Arteriosklerose-Entstehung
begünstigen, ist eine ausgeglichene Magnesiumbilanz bei diesen Personen
bes. wichtig. Insb. Senior*innen sind eine Risikogruppe für
einen Magnesiummangel wg. unzureichender Aufnahme mit der Nahrung und renaler
Magnesiumverluste als Nebenwirkung zahlreicher Medikamente.
Development of the Sepsis-Associated Adverse Outcomes in Pregnancy Score
Authors: Stephens Angela J. , Lee Kyung H. , Barton John R. , Chauhan Suneet P. , Baker Andrea L. , Sibai Baha M.
Published: June 2022

Objective This study aimed to develop and evaluate a scoring system—called the Sepsis-Associated Adverse Outcomes in Pregnancy (SAAP) Score—to identify individuals with maternal infection that have composite maternal adverse outcomes (CMAO).

Study Design Using the International Classification of Disease codes, we identified pregnant and postpartum (up to 6 weeks after birth) individuals admitted at our center with a primary diagnosis of infection. The primary outcome was CMAO which included any of the following: maternal intensive care unit admission, surgical intervention, vasopressor use, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary edema, mechanical ventilation, high-flow nasal cannula, disseminated intravascular coagulation, dialysis, organ failure, venous thromboembolism, or maternal death. Regularized logistic regression was used to identify variables that best discriminate CMAO status. Variables were chosen for inclusion following evaluation of statistical and clinical significance. Model performance was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values.

Results Of the 23,235 deliveries during the study period, 227 (0.9%) individuals met inclusion criteria and among them CMAO occurred in 39.2% (95% CI: 33.1–45.7%). The SAAP score consisted of six variables (white blood cell count, systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, heart rate, lactic acid, and abnormal diagnostic imaging) with scores ranging from 0 to 11 and a score of ≥7 being abnormal. An abnormal SAAP score had an AUC of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.74–0.86) for CMAO. The sensitivity and specificity of the SAAP score for CMAO was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.60–0.80) and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.64–0.80), respectively. The positive predictive value was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.52–0.72) and negative predictive value was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71–0.86).

Conclusion Pending external validation, the sixth variable SAAP score may permit early recognition of pregnant and postpartum individuals with infection who are likely to develop adverse maternal outcomes.

Key Points
Video-Based Microsurgical Education versus Stationary Basic Microsurgical Course: A Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Dąbrowski Filip , Stogowski Piotr , Białek Jan , Fliciński Filip , Piotrowski Maciej , Pankowski Rafał , Ceynowa Marcin , Rocławski Marek , Wałejko Szymon , Mazurek Tomasz
Published: June 2022

Background Repetitive training is essential for microsurgical performance. This study aimed to compare the improvement in basic microsurgical skills using two learning methods: stationary microsurgical course with tutor supervision and self-learning based on digital instructional materials. We hypothesized that video-based training provides noninferior improvement in basic microsurgical skills.

Methods In this prospective study, 80 participants with no prior microsurgical experience were randomly divided into two groups: the control group, trained under the supervision of a microsurgical tutor, and the intervention group, where knowledge was based on commonly available online instructional videos without tutor supervision. Three blinded expert microsurgeons evaluated the improvement in basic microsurgical skills in both groups. The evaluation included an end-to-end anastomosis test using the Ten-Point Microsurgical Anastomosis Rating Scale (MARS10) and a six-stitch test on a latex glove. Statistically significant differences between groups were identified using standard noninferiority analysis, chi-square, and t-tests.

Results Seventy-seven participants completed the course. Baseline test scores did not differ significantly between groups. After the 4-day microsurgical course, both groups showed statistically significant improvement in microsurgical skills measured using the MARS10. The performed tests showed that data for self-learning using digital resources provides noninferior data for course with surpervision on the initial stage of microsurgical training (7.84; standard deviation [SD], 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.25–8.44) to (7.72; SD, 2.09; 95% CI, 7.07–8.36).

Conclusion Video-based microsurgical training on its initial step provides noninferior improvement in microsurgical skills to training with a dedicated instructor.
Ambulantisierung im Gesundheitswesen: Auswirkungen und Implikationen der Ambulantisierung auf den Krankenhauseinkauf
Authors: Burkamp Jasper
Published: June 2022

Ambulantes Operieren im Krankenhaus, ambulante spezialfachärztliche Versorgung (ASV), die Notfallambulanzen – das ist nur ein Ausschnitt dessen, welche Vielzahl an Rechtsformen es an ambulanten Krankenhausleistungen in Deutschland gibt. Diese sind seit der Trennung von ambulanten und stationären Leistungen unabhängig voneinander und aus verschiedenen Anlässen entstanden. Eine grundsätzliche gesundheitspolitische Handlungsmaxime zur Vereinheitlichung gibt es bislang nicht.
Explaining IMF design of 2010 Greece loan: bricoleurs relying on fiscal space and nonlinear multiple equilibria processes
Authors: Nordström Laura , Laiho Niilo
Published: June 2022

The IMF’s 2010 Troika lending programme with Greece was unprecedented due to the IMF’s controversial internal rule changes, the programme’s pivotal effects on eurozone crisis policies and the effect of austerity concepts on Greece. We aim to explain conclusively why the IMF lent to Greece without restructuring, as previous explanations have crucial gaps. We operationalise Ben Clift’s theory of IMF behaviour in process-tracing, analysing programme-related text sources. Our exercise is novel as Clift does not aim to explain individual programmes, while the theory warrants further testing. According to our causal mechanism, the IMF used two key analytical lenses formed via bricolage, fiscal space and nonlinear multiple equilibria processes (NLMEP), to analyse the programme context and formulate the programme design. While we find our mechanism too narrow to explain the programme design, our results regarding the role of NLMEP and fiscal space within IMF programme-time economic analysis support the importance of financial contagion as a motivator for monetarily significant IMF participation and why the IMF adhered to austerity despite risking debt stabilisation. However, it seems limitedly useful to assume coherent ideational drivers behind the precise programme design: instead, accepting the key role of ad hoc judgement depicts IMF behaviour accurately.
Surface and back-side defects identification combined with magnetic flux leakage and boundary magnetic perturbation
Authors: Ou Zhengyu , Han Zandong , Yang Chenghao , Dong Shihao , Du Dong
Published: June 2022

In magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection, the identification of surface and back-side defects is required to obtain more accurate defect quantification and risk assessment results. However, current MFL techniques can detect both surface and back-side defects but are generally unable to distinguish between them. Therefore, this paper proposes a new boundary magnetic perturbation (BMP) testing method, combining the results of MFL to distinguish between surface and back-side defects. First, the detection mechanism of the BMP testing method and the impact of the tested magnetic flux density components are presented and analyzed by simulations to further develop an identification method. Then, the influences of the BMP sensor’s lift-off and installation position are investigated by experiments to improve distinguishing performance. Finally, the repeated measurements show that the surface and back-side defects within the wide range of sizes can be identified accurately, even when the defect depths are in the range of 12.5%–87.5% of the sample thickness. Furthermore, the BMP testing method neither increases the length of the detection device nor requires additional magnetizers or signal generators. Therefore, the proposed method is highly suitable for the existing MFL detection devices to distinguish between surface and back-side defects.
Small ionic radii limit time step in Martini 3 molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Fábián Balázs , Thallmair Sebastian , Hummer Gerhard
Published: June 2022

Among other improvements, the Martini 3 coarse-grained force field provides a more accurate description of the solvation of protein pockets and channels through the consistent use of various bead types and sizes. Here, we show that the representation of Na+ and Cl− ions as “tiny” (TQ5) beads limits the accessible time step to 25 fs. By contrast, with Martini 2, time steps of 30–40 fs were possible for lipid bilayer systems without proteins. This limitation is relevant for systems that require long equilibration times. We derive a quantitative kinetic model of time-integration instabilities in molecular dynamics (MD) as a function of the time step, ion concentration and mass, system size, and simulation time. We demonstrate that ion–water interactions are the main source of instability at physiological conditions, followed closely by ion–ion interactions. We show that increasing the ionic masses makes it possible to use time steps up to 40 fs with minimal impact on static equilibrium properties and dynamical quantities, such as lipid and solvent diffusion coefficients. Increasing the size of the bead representing the ions (and thus changing their hydration) also permits longer time steps. For a soluble protein, we find that increasing the mass of tiny beads also on the protein permits simulations with 30-fs time steps. The use of larger time steps in Martini 3 results in a more efficient exploration of configuration space. The kinetic model of MD simulation crashes can be used to determine the maximum allowed time step upfront for an efficient use of resources and whenever sampling efficiency is critical.
Congregation of particles on a plane boundary due to the flow induced by an oscillating sphere
Authors: Satish Samayam , Leontini Justin S. , Sannasiraj S. A. , Manasseh Richard , Sundar V.
Published: June 2022

The complex flow-field associated with a spherical structure oscillating adjacent to a solid boundary is significant in ocean engineering. The dynamic interaction between the flow induced by an oscillating sphere and the boundary is evident not only in terms of flow-field deformation around the structures but also on the boundary in the form of shear stress modifications. The present study aims to understand the influence of a plane boundary on the shear stress distributions and particle motion near the boundary induced by the flow due to a submerged sphere oscillating in a viscous fluid. Experiments are conducted using a non-intrusive flow visualization technique, and three-dimensional direct numerical simulations are used to link the time-mean results of the experiments to the simulated Lagrangian particle drift on the plane boundary. The dye tracer in the experiments and the Lagrangian particles in the simulation congregate at the same location. This stagnation location coincides with a ring of zero mean shear stress centered on the point on the plane boundary through which the axis of oscillation of the sphere passes. This ring of zero mean stress is termed the congregation zone. The radius of the particle congregation zone is investigated as a function of the sphere oscillating amplitude, Reynolds number, and the distance between the center of the sphere and the plane boundary. Furthermore, a systematic power scaling law is established for the radius of the congregation zone from the control parameters.
Enforcing detailed balance in the Borgnakke–Larsen redistribution method with temperature dependent relaxation models
Authors: Eckert Zakari , Gallis Michael A.
Published: June 2022

For decades, it has been observed that the commonly used Borgnakke–Larsen method for energy redistribution in Direct Simulation Monte Carlo codes fails to satisfy the principle of detailed balance when coupled to a wide variety of temperature dependent relaxation models, while seemingly satisfying detailed balance when coupled to others. Many attempts have been made to remedy the issue, yet much ambiguity remains, and no consensus appears in the literature regarding the root cause of the intermittent compatibility of the Borgnakke–Larsen method with temperature dependent relaxation models. This paper alleviates that ambiguity by presenting a rigorous theoretical derivation of the Borgnakke–Larsen method's requirement for satisfying detailed balance. Specifically, it is shown that the Borgnakke–Larsen method maintains detailed balance if and only if the probability of internal-energy exchange during a collision depends only on collision invariants (e.g., total energy). The consequences of this result are explored in the context of several published definitions of relaxation temperature, including translational, total, and cell-averaged temperatures. Of particular note, it is shown that cell-averaged temperatures, which have been widely discussed in the literature as a way to ensure equilibrium is reached, also fail in a similar, although less dramatic, fashion when the aforementioned relationship is not enforced. The developed theory can be used when implementing existing or new relaxation models and will ensure that detailed balance is satisfied.
Physics-aware reduced-order modeling of transonic flow via
β
-variational autoencoder
Authors: Kang Yu-Eop , Yang Sunwoong , Yee Kwanjung
Published: June 2022

Autoencoder-based reduced-order modeling (ROM) has recently attracted significant attention, owing to its ability to capture underlying nonlinear features. However, two critical drawbacks severely undermine its scalability to various physical applications: entangled and therefore uninterpretable latent variables (LVs) and the blindfold determination of latent space dimension. In this regard, this study proposes the physics-aware ROM using only interpretable and information-intensive LVs extracted by β-variational autoencoder, which are referred to as physics-aware LVs throughout this paper. To extract these LVs, their independence and information intensity are quantitatively scrutinized in a two-dimensional transonic flow benchmark problem. Then, the physical meanings of the physics-aware LVs are thoroughly investigated and we confirmed that with appropriate hyperparameter β, they actually correspond to the generating factors of the training dataset, Mach number, and angle of attack. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to practically confirm that β-variational autoencoder can automatically extract the physical generating factors in the field of applied physics. Finally, physics-aware ROM, which utilizes only physics-aware LVs, is compared with conventional ROMs, and its validity and efficiency are successfully verified.