bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contrast-Comparative Characteristics of Acoustic Features of the Sound [a] in the Tatar and Kazakh Languages
Authors: Sattarova Madina Rashidovna , Gaifetdinova Railya Mysavirovna
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the experimental study of the articulation characteristics of the sound systems of the related Tatar and Kazakh languages using the example of the vowel sound [a]. The aim of the study is to identify the specifics of using the studied sound in different positions from the point of view of its articulatory characteristics. Despite the fact that a lot of works have been devoted to studying the phonetic systems of the compared languages, the issue of comparative analysis of the length, strength and frequency of the studied sound by the material of the Tatar and Kazakh languages using the Speech Analyzer program is tackled for the first time, which is the scientific originality of this research. As a result of the linguistic material analysis, it was possible to determine the specifics of the indicators of the length, strength and frequency of the sound [a] in different positions by the material of the Tatar and Kazakh languages.
A Person’s Status through an Animal’s Status (by the Example of the French Metaphor “loup/wolf”)
Authors: Borodulina Natalia Yurievna
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study is to identify the semantic and pragmatic status of the animalistic metaphor “loup/wolf” in the French language. Employing diachronic analysis, the researcher traces the characteristics of the metaphor, which are preserved in the fable and paremiological stock and accentuated in the language of modern business and politics. The study is novel in that it is the first to substantiate the statusness of the French animalistic metaphor, using the lexeme “loup/wolf” as an example. As a result, a person’s linguopragmatic status represented by the conceptual metaphor “loup/wolf” in modern French socio-economic and political discourses and its connections with national cultural codes have been determined.
Typology of Addressing Signals in Texts of Children’s Detective Fiction (by the Material of English-Language and Russian-Language Works)
Authors: Voronchikhina Irina Alekseevna
Published: January 2022

The study aims to identify typical addressing signals for English-language and Russian-language texts of children’s detective fiction on the basis of a comparison by means of decoding stylistics. The paper carries out a comparative analysis of addressing signals presented at different levels of text organisation, whose features are attributable to children’s literature in general and the detective genre in particular. Scientific novelty is determined by the material obtained during a classification of linguistic means of addressing in the genre of children’s detective fiction, which have not been elaborated before. As a result of the study, the most common examples of linguistic addressing signals in Russian-language and English-language children’s detectives have been identified.
Linguocultural Significance of French Phraseological Units with Names of Tools and Instruments of Labour
Authors: Varzinova Valentina Vitalievna
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study is to determine the French phraseological units with the names of tools and instruments of labour that have the greatest linguocultural significance. Each name of tools and instruments of labour, being a part of a phraseological unit, already potentially carries a cultural meaning; the information about it is embedded in a native speaker’s mind. The main hypothesis of the study is that the lexemes of the names of tools and instruments of labour with which the largest number of phraseological units is formed have the greatest cultural significance. The scientific originality of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the linguocultural significance of the French phraseological units with the names of tools and instruments of labour is shown and described. As a result, the author presents the linguistic and cultural features of the phraseological units that are a part of the largest phraseological paradigms: “Couteau, m (knife)”, “Marteau, m (hammer)”, “Moulin, m (mill)”.
Axiological Concept HUMANE PERSON in Russian Linguoculture
Authors: Biryulina Ekaterina Andreevna
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the study is to shed light on the structure and content of the axiological concept HUMANE PERSON in Russian traditional and literary written linguoculture at different stages of its life cycle. Data of linguistic experiments constitute the empirical basis of the study. The analysis is carried out using the methodology of conceptual analysis, which makes it possible to consistently describe the notional, image-bearing and axiological layers of the concept. Scientific novelty of the study lies in shedding light on the structure and content of the axiological concept HUMANE PERSON in Russian linguoculture. As a result, it has been shown that the concept HUMANE PERSON, which emerged in Russian linguoculture in the middle of the XIX century, changes under the influence of extralinguistic factors at different stages of its life cycle. It has been shown also that in the structure of this concept, there is no clear boundary between the notional and axiological layers.
Using modulation acousto-optic spectrometry to locate spectral features in overlapping spectra
Authors:   Scientific and Technological Centre of Unique Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117342, Moscow, Butlerova str. 15, Boritko S.V. , Ivanov S.I. ,   Scientific and Technological Centre of Unique Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117342, Moscow, Butlerova str. 15, Karandin A.V. ,   Scientific and Technological Centre of Unique Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117342, Moscow, Butlerova str. 15
Published: January 2022

The spectrometer is not able to accurately determine the spectral position of the smaller maximum if it is located against the background of a powerful broad peak. The solution of the problem is known it is enough to differentiate the existing dependence, and the position of the smaller peak is determined with sufficient accuracy. Based on a quasi-collinear acousto-optic (AO) cell, a prototype spectrometer was created, which makes it possible to record both the spectrum of the optical signal and its derivative in real time. In the course of the work, a more detailed research of the work of the created model was carried out: the value of the phase shift was changed programmatically from zero to 360°, and the spatial modulation period - from zero to the length of the AO cell L. A neon lamp and all the data presented were used as a radiation source, were obtained for the same emission line. The maximum signal for the derivative corresponds to the phase values of 90° and 270°. In another series of experiments, the work of the model was investigated with a change in the modulation period (the phase shift is fixed, ψ=π/2). The maximum signal for the derivative corresponds to the values of the modulation period duration equal to L/2, half the length of the acousto-optic cell. The graphs of the results of "physical" and "mathematical" differentiation do not coincide. We assume that the differences are related to the shape of the instrumental function of the acousto-optical spectrometer. However, at the tops of the spectral peaks, in the regions of intersection of derivatives with a zero line, the results coincide, which makes it possible to use acousto-optic differentiation to reveal the "fine structure" of optical spectra, and in real time. Thus, as a result of the work carried out: a method was proposed for the precise determination of the position of spectral maxima in complex overlapping spectra in real time; an instrumental implementation of the proposed method was created, and it was shown that for the visible range (532 nm) the accuracy of determining the spectral position of the maxima is 0.2 nm.
Problems of Decision-Making in Implementation of Technological Innovations in Transport Industry
Authors: Koshcheeva E. O. , Lyapina S. Yu.
Published: January 2022

The article considers the features of transport as an object of technological innovation, due, on the one hand, to the service nature of the main activity and the specifics of innovative processes during provision of transport and logistics services, and, on the other hand, to the high capital intensity and technological complexity of the infrastructure transport complex, which is the focus point of technological innovation.

The objective of the article is to substantiate the initial prerequisites for developing an alternative approach to making strategic decisions on development of transport organisations based on technological innovations, which, besides the traditional justification of economic efficiency, considers several non-economic factors. The method of substantiation is a systemic strategic analysis, which allows to study the features of the transport complex in the context of the factors of external environment and their dynamics.

Regarding the Russian Federation, the scale of the national territory, natural and climatic diversity and uneven territorial distribution of the resource and production base determine the special role and place of transport in the national economy, which quite often leads to the need to make decisions on development of the transport complex based on predominantly non-economic factors (such as security, reliability, environmental friendliness, etc.) and on scientific, technical, political and socio-economic forecasts. At the same time, private enterprises (with or without participation of the state) dominate currently almost all transport sectors where they operate on the principles of profitability, investment attractiveness and competitiveness, which leads to inconsistency of internal decision-making criteria in the field of technological strategies.

The ongoing change in the technological paradigm is an additional and significant factor determining trends in transport developments. It is based on the processes of digitalisation and digital transformation of the transport and logistics business. The problems of decision-making in implementation of technological innovations in transport industry, arising from its peculiarities, necessitate a revision of approaches since economic assessments of efficiency are not always able to reflect the real needs and feasibility of choosing mainstream trends in technological development of the transport system.

The analysis of the features of the transport and logistics industry based on universal experience and cases in Russian practices in the context of formation of a new technological paradigm makes it possible to substantiate the methodology for making strategic decisions on implementation of technological innovations.
Gorgo: Sparta’s Woman of Autonomy, Authority, and Agency
Authors: Baker Oliver R.
Published: January 2022

Claims that Herodotus reveals himself as a proto-biographer, let alone as a proto-feminist, are not yet widely accepted. To advance these claims, I have selected one remarkable woman from one side of the Greco-Persian Wars whose activities are recounted in his Histories. Critically it is to a near contemporary, Heraclitus, to whom we attribute the maxim êthos anthropôi daimôn (ἦθος ἀνθρώπῳ δαίμων) —character is human destiny. It is the truth of this maxim—which implies effective human agency—that makes Herodotus’ creation of historical narrative even possible. Herodotus is often read for his vignettes, which, without advancing the narrative, color-in the character of the individuals he depicts in his Histories. No matter, if these fall short of the cradle to grave accounts given by Plutarch, by hop-scotching through the nine books, we can assemble a partially continuous narrative, and thus through their exploits, gauge their character, permitting us to attribute both credit and moral responsibility. Arguably this implied causation demonstrates that Herodotus’ writings include much that amounts to proto-biography and in several instances—one of which is given here—proto-feminism.
Sorting Machines: Digital Technology and Categorical Inequality in Education
Authors: Rafalow Matthew H. , Puckett Cassidy
Published: January 2022

Existing scholarship suggests that schools do the work of social stratification by functioning as “sorting machines,” or institutions that determine which populations of students are provided educational resources needed to help them get ahead. We build on this theory of social reproduction by extending it to better understand how digital technology use is implicated in this process of unequal resource allocation in schools. We contend that educational resources, like digital technologies, are also sorted by schools. Drawing on scholarship from both education research and science and technology studies, we show how educational institutions have long played a role in constructing the value of technologies to different ends, by constructing hierarchies of technological activity, like “vocational” and “academic” computer use, even when strikingly similar. We then apply this lens to three areas of inquiry in education research: the use of digital technologies for instruction, school use of student data, and college admissions. Each illustrates how education scholars can view technologies as part of school sorting processes and with implications for inequality within and beyond the classroom.
“The theory of lights” by ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ad-Dabbagh as an example of the Suﬁ s’ comprehension of Hadith Quds
Authors: Oliander A. I.
Published: January 2022

The article is related to “the theory of lights” which belongs to the Moroccan sheikh ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ad-Dabbagh (d. 1720/1). His concept resembles Illuminationism Philosophy and describes all the Divine Revelation granted to the Prophet Muhammad within the hierarchy of the “lights”. The main objective of the article is to defi ne the position of Hadith Qudsi in the framework of the abovementioned concept and to reveal the place of these texts in the Sufi ’s system of knowledge in general
A treatise addressed to “sane minds”: Review of the translation of the book by Jamal al-Din al-Afghani “The answer to the materialists”. Moscow: “Medina” Publ.; 2021. 72 p.
Authors: Kirillina S. A.
Published: January 2022

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What Accounts for the Variation in COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Eastern, Southern and Western Europe?
Authors: Toshkov Dimiter
Published: January 2022

Attitudes towards vaccination have proven to be a major factor determining the pace of national COVID-19 vaccination campaigns throughout 2021. In Europe, large differences in levels of vaccine hesitancy and refusal have emerged, which are highly correlated with actual vaccination levels. This article explores attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination in 27 European countries based on data from Eurobarometer (May 2021). The statistical analyses show that demographic variables have complex effects on vaccine hesitancy and refusal. Trust in different sources of health-related information has significant effects as well, with people who trust the Internet, social networks and ‘people around’ in particular being much more likely to express vaccine skepticism. As expected, beliefs in the safety and effectiveness of vaccines have large predictive power, but – more interestingly – net of these two beliefs, the effects of trust in Internet, online social networks and people as sources of health information are significantly reduced. This study shows that the effects of demographic, belief-related and other individual-level factors on vaccine hesitancy and refusal are context-specific. Yet, explanations of the differences in vaccine hesitancy across Europe need to consider primarily different levels of trust and vaccine-relevant beliefs, and to a lesser extent their differential effects.
Jittering: A computationally efficient method for generating realistic route networks from origin-destination data
Authors: Lovelace Robin , Félix Rosa , Carlino Dustin
Published: January 2022

Origin-destination (OD) datasets are often represented as ‘desire lines’ between zone centroids. This paper presents a ‘jittering’ approach to pre-processing and conversion of OD data into geographic desire lines that (1) samples unique origin and destination locations for each OD pair, and (2) splits ‘large’ OD pairs into ‘sub-OD’ pairs. Reproducible findings show that route networks generated from jittered desire lines are more geographically diffuse than route networks generated from ‘unjittered’ (centroid based) desire lines. The approach, implemented in the open source Rust crate odjitter, is a computationally efficient and flexible way to simulate diffuse travel patterns from OD data. Further work is needed to validate the approach and to find optimal settings for sampling and disaggregation.
ГАЛЛ ҲОСИЛ ҚИЛУВЧИ ШИРАЛАРНИНГ (HOMOPTERA, APHIDINEA) ОЗУҚА ЎСИМЛИГИГА ИХТИСОСЛАНИШИ
Authors: Khusanov Alizhon
Published: January 2022

The article reflects the results of aphidological studies of gall-forming aphids and their covaluation, living in poplars and elm, carried out in Eastern Fergana in 2014-2020
Competing for space of aphids
Authors: Khusanov Alizhon
Published: January 2022

Diversity of ecological niches among aphid entomocenosis increased, most likely, in the process of evolution, due to unsuitability for one or two species selection in the direction of direct competition compared with the advantage of selection in the direction of differentiation niches, reliable provision of resources of different types in terms of maintaining of both species and the relative independence from the competition with other species for resources of host plants....
Monitoring Attitudes towards Research Biobanking in Central and Eastern Europe: An Alarming Absence of Data
Authors: Adamkovic Matus , Piterová Ivana , Fedáková Denisa
Published: January 2022

Objective: Understanding the driving forces and barriers to laypeople’s participation in biobanking is a key challenge. The present paper aims to i) provide the results of a systematic review of psychological correlates of engagement in biobanking in CEE, and ii) compare the attitudes of Slovaks toward biobanking in 2010 and 2022. Methods: A systematic review of the literature that focuses on laypeople’s attitudes toward biobanking and its psychosocial correlates in CEE countries was conducted in 2021. Then, simple data on attitudes towards biobanking using Eurobarometer questions were collected in 2022. Results: A systematic review revealed a lack of behavioral data on this topic in CEE countries. Altogether, four studies, conducted in Poland, Slovakia, and Latvia, supported the role of preferred forms of informed consent, awareness, trust (self- and other-oriented, medical researchers or scientists), and values (tradition and self-development; altruism and individualism) in the willingness to donate materials to biobanks. A comparison of Slovak data on attitudes towards biobanking revealed decreased awareness on biobanking and increased concerns about providing personal data to biobanks over 12 years. Conclusions: For progress in this field, future in-depth social science research on attitudes towards, trust to biobanks and donor behaviour in CEE countries is needed.
Quantifying children's sensorimotor experience: Child body-object interaction ratings for 3,359 English words
Authors: Muraki Emiko Joanne , Siddiqui Israa A. , Pexman Penny M.
Published: January 2022

Body-object interaction (BOI) ratings measure how easily the human body can physically interact with a word's referent. Previous research has found that words higher in BOI tend to be processed more quickly and accurately in tasks such as lexical decision, semantic decision, and syntactic classification, suggesting that sensorimotor information is an important aspect of lexical knowledge. However, limited research has examined the importance of sensorimotor information from a developmental perspective. One barrier to addressing such theoretical questions has been a lack of semantic dimension ratings that take into account child sensorimotor experience. The goal of the current study was to collect Child BOI rating norms. Parents of children aged 5 – 9-years-old were asked to rate words according to how easily an average 6-year-old child can interact with each word’s referent. The relationships of Child and Adult BOI ratings with other lexical semantic dimensions were assessed, as well as the relationships of Child and Adult BOI ratings with age of acquisition. Child BOI ratings were more strongly related to valence and sensory experience ratings than Adult BOI ratings and were a better predictor of three different measures of age of acquisition. The results suggest that child-centric ratings such as those reported here provide a more sensitive measure of children’s experience that can be used to address theoretical questions in embodied cognition from a developmental perspective.
Mindfulness improves theory of mind in psychosis
Authors: López-Navarro Emilio , Fonseca-Pedrero Eduardo , Errasti Jose , Al-Halabí Susana
Published: January 2022

Impaired Theory of Mind (ToM) ability is a core feature of psychotic disorders that challenges psychosis treatment. We aimed to explore the effect of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention (MBI) on ToM ability in a randomized clinical trial (RCT). A sample of 36 participants diagnosed with psychotic disorder were recruited from a community center and randomly allocated to Integrated Rehabilitation Treatment (IRT) or IRT+MBI. ToM skills were assessed through the Hinting Test and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). IRT+MBI scored higher in RMET than IRT at posttreatment. MBI is a promising tool for improving ToM ability in psychosis.Keywords: psychotic disorders, theory of mind, mindfulness-based-interventions.
Creation of a Short-Form and Brief Short-Form Version of The Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale
Authors: King Gabriella , Kehoe Christiane , Havighurst Sophie , Youssef George Joseph , Macdonald Jacqui A , Dunsmore Julie , Berkowitz Tomer S , Westrupp Elizabeth
Published: January 2022

The current study evaluated the theoretical alignment between the Coping with Children's Negative Emotion Scale (CCNES), a commonly used measure to asses parent emotion socialization, and Gottman, Katz and Hooven’s meta-emotion theory. Further, we created an 18-item short-form (3 emotion coaching subscales, 3 emotion dismissing subscales), and 6-item brief short-form (emotion coaching subscale and emotion dismissing subscale) with acceptable psychometric properties
ENACT Study: What has helped health and social care workers maintain their mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic? Adaptive coping, team resilience, help-seeking behaviour and work based supports
Authors: Cogan Nicola , Kennedy Chloe , Beck Zoe , McInnes Lisa , Gillian  , Morton Liza , Tanner Gary , Kolacz Jacek
Published: January 2022

Rapid studies have highlighted the adverse mental health impact of COVID-19 on health and social care workers (HSCWs). Complementing this work, we report on the psychosocial factors that have helped HSCWs adapt to the adversities associated with COVID-19 and protect staff wellbeing in Scotland. The ENACT study collected data from HSCWs (n= 1364) in Scotland during the third national lockdown. Using a cross-sectional design, participants completed an online survey providing quantitative data and free responses. A multi-method approach to analysis was used. The majority of HSCWs were found to have low wellbeing scores, high levels of COVID-19 stress, worry, burnout and risk perception scores and almost half of HSCWs met the clinical cut off for acute stress. Adaptive coping strategies and increased perceived team resilience helped mitigate against the adverse impact that COVID-19 stressors have on HSCWs’ mental wellbeing. HSCWs were significantly more likely to seek informal support for dealing with personal or emotional problems. Barriers to formal help-seeking were identified including stigma and fears of consequence of disclosure. HSCWs most valued peer support, workplace supports, visible leadership and teamwork. Our findings illuminate the complexity of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on HSCWs’ wellbeing and will inform future intervention development to increase positive adaptation amongst staff. Addressing barriers to mental health help-seeking among HSCWs is essential. The implications emphasise the importance of lessons learned across health and social care contexts, planning and preparedness for future pandemics.
Influence of AI and Machine Learning in Insurance Sector
Authors: Prajapati Nitin
Published: January 2022

The Aim of this research is to identify influence, usage, and the benefits of AI (Artificial Intelligence) and ML (Machine learning) using big data analytics in Insurance sector. Insurance sector is the most volatile industry since multiple natural influences like Brexit, pandemic, covid 19, Climate changes, Volcano interruptions. This research paper will be used to explore potential scope and use cases for AI, ML and Big data processing in Insurance sector for Automate claim processing, fraud prevention, predictive analytics, and trend analysis towards possible cause for business losses or benefits. Empirical quantitative research method is used to verify the model with the sample of UK insurance sector analysis. This research will conclude some practical insights for Insurance companies using AI, ML, Big data processing and Cloud computing for the better client satisfaction, predictive analysis, and trending.
Improving abortion underreporting in the United States: a cognitive interview study
Authors: Mueller Jennifer , Kirstein Marielle , VandeVusse Alicia , Lindberg Laura
Published: January 2022

Background: Abortion is a difficult-to-measure behavior with extensive survey underreporting, which compromises the ability to study and monitor abortion. The purpose of this study was to improve our understanding of how women interpret and respond to survey items asking if they have ever had an abortion. Methods: We developed multiple new questions hypothesized to improve abortion reporting, using approaches that aim to clarify which experiences to report as an induced abortion; reduce the stigma and sensitivity of induced abortion; reduce the sense of intrusiveness of asking about abortion; and increase the motivation to report. We conducted cognitive interviews with cisgender women aged 18-49 in two US states (N=64) to iteratively assess these new approaches and questions for improving abortion reporting. Results: Our findings suggest that including abortion as part of a list of other sexual and reproductive health services, asking a yes/no question about lifetime experience of abortion instead of asking about number of abortions, and developing an improved introduction to abortion questions may help to elicit more accurate survey reports. Conclusions: Opportunities exist to improve survey measurement of abortion. Reducing underreporting of abortion in surveys has the potential to improve sexual and reproductive health research that relies on pregnancy histories.
Responses of Indigenous People to the Climate Changes: A Case Study of the Surels of Dolakha District of Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Hari Prasad
Published: January 2022

This paper has examined the way the Surels, an indigenous group inhabiting in Suri village of Dolakha district, perceive climate change and also has attempted to document their adaptive strategies to the changes brought about by climate change and global warming. These peoples have developed uniquely insightful ways of observing, interpreting, and responding to the impacts of climate changes through interacting and closely linking their lives with their surroundings. They clearly linked climate change with the changes in the weather patterns over the years indicating erratic rainfall patterns, advancing monsoon, advancing summer and spring, shorter and warmer winter, drier and hotter summer. This paper argues that these people observe and encounter climate and environmental changes immediately and use traditional knowledge and survival skills to adapt to these changes as they occurred. They have devised, though it is not well documented, useful coping mechanisms—modifying cropping pattern and crop types, community-based afforestation and forest management initiatives, improve water management, involvement of community organization in water management and seasonal migration to India- to respond and reduce climate induced risks and impacts which have enabled them to achieve stable livelihoods in their environment.
Marx and Engels. Reflections on Ireland and on Beaumont
Authors: Bravo Gian Mario
Published: January 2022

Until the critical edition of Marx’ and Engels’ work is published, that is Marx-Engels-Gesamtausagabe (MEGA/2), the most compact (though incomplete) edition of their writings, or at least of the texts available today, may be found in the inventory of arguments treated in the volumes of Werke. Very many works by Marx and by Engels, originally in German, English or French, were tranlated into Russian in the first half of the twentieth century but were not include in Werke and, subsequently, only some of them were inserted into the 50 volumes of the Collected Works, begun in Moscow and complete in London.
John Stuart Mill: expert de l’Irlande et interlocuteur de Beaumont et Tocqueville
Authors: Pichetto Maria Teresa
Published: January 2022

Les historiens connaissent bien l’amitié entre Mill et Tocqueville, l’analogie de leur pensée et l’influence qu’eurent les analyses de Tocqueville sur les théories de Mill à propos de la démocratie
Charles Dupont-White, l’anti-Tocqueville
Authors: Spitz Jean-Fabien
Published: January 2022

Dans De la démocratie en Amérique, Alexis de Tocqueville a fait la théorie de ce qu’est à ses yeux l’exception française dans l’histoire des régimes démocratiques : l’excès de l’Etat, le légicentrisme, la centralisation qui détruit les corps intermédiaires, étouffe la société civile, laisse l’individu seul et désarmé face à la toute puissance de l’Etat. Il voit dans cette configuration exceptionnelle une menace pour l’avenir de la liberté et, en tout état de cause, il en conclut que, en France, l’accès à l’âge de la politique moderne se fait dans des conditions telles que l’autoritarisme rampant affleure toujours sous les figures extérieures de la démocratie. L’explication tocquevillienne de cette singularité est simple : le refus trop longtemps maintenu de l’égalité civile par une aristocratie agrippée à ses privilèges a provoqué en France une haine inextinguible et irrémédiable de toutes les supériorités et une passion farouche de l’égalité.
Les “convictions” de M. de Tocqueville
Authors: Bourricaud François
Published: January 2022

Tocqueville ne souffre-t-il pas aujourd’hui d’un excès de gloire ? Tout le monde s’accorde à reconnaître en lui un observateur d’une qualité exceptionnelle. Quand il traite de la société américaine sa perspicacité est en effet impressionnante. Le trait de génie qui éclate dans son premier livre fut d’avoir reconnu que l’Amérique n’était pas une démocratie radicale, mais que cette démocratie, où le règne de la majorité était proclamé sans réserve ni restriction, appartenait en fait à la famille des régimes modérés chers à Montesquieu.
Spirometric lung age for predicting the risk of pulmonary complications after thoracic surgeries
Authors: Usenko O. Yu. , Sydiuk A. V. , Sydiuk O. E. , Klimas A. S. , Savenko G. Yu. , Teslya O. T.
Published: January 2022

Annotation. Surgical interventions for diseases of the thoracic cavity are one of the most invasive surgical procedures, which are often accompanied by postoperative complications, which increase mortality, prolong hospital stays, require additional costs and correlate with poor long-term survival. However, respiratory complications remain the most common of non-surgical complications and their frequency varies from 13 to 38%. So far, several studies have shown that respiratory dysfunction is an independent risk factor for postoperative pneumonia. The aim – investigate whether it is possible to use spirometric lung age to predict the occurrence of postoperative pneumonia after thoracic surgeries. The study was performed on 192 patients with diseases of the thoracic cavity (esophagus, lungs, mediastinum), underwent surgery in the thoracoabdominal department of the Shalimov’s National Institute of Surgery and Transplantation. Statistical software EZR v.1.54 was used for statistical calculations (graphical user interface for statistical software R version 4.0.3, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). We found a very strong association between the risk of developing pulmonary complications and the age of the lungs, AUC=0.97 (95% confidence interval from 0.94 to 0.99). When choosing the optimal point for predicting the risk of pulmonary complications obtained: Lung age critical = 99.6 years. Thus, at Lung age >99.6 years, the development of postoperative pulmonary complications is predicted. At Lung age <99.6 years, the absence of postoperative pulmonary complications is predicted. When choosing this decision point, the sensitivity is 93.5% (82.1-98.6%), specificity – 95.9% (91.3-98.5%). Therefore, spirometric age of the lungs was associated with the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery for thoracic disease. This parameter deserves attention as a predictor of the probability of developing postoperative pneumonia after thoracic surgeries and can help in assessing the state of respiratory function of patients.
Constitutional markers of urticaria and their prognostic significance (analysis of scientific literature)
Authors: Mashoor Ahmad Aladwan Amjed
Published: January 2022

Annotation. The purpose of the work is to analyze the scientific literature regarding the constitutional markers of urticaria and their prognostic significance. The analysis of modern scientific literature in the scientometric databases PubMed and MEDLINE is carried out. A review of the literature indicates that significant progress has been made in understanding the etiopathogenesis of urticaria in recent decades, with some clinical and anamnestic signs suggestive of adverse outcomes. However, identifying patients with the highest risk of complications remains an unresolved issue. In connection with the development and implementation in clinical practice of methods of genetic typing, much attention is paid to the search for genetic predictors of adverse course of this dermatosis. To date, phenotypic marker profiles that have been little modified over a lifetime and available for visualization in everyday clinical practice have not been properly considered in assessing the risk of urticaria. Modern anthropocentric approach to solving the problem of risk prediction in urticaria opens up the prospect of taking into account constitutional (personality-typological, somato-typological) and genetic factors that are the basis of psychobiological reactivity of the individual, determining individual variability of pathogenesis and clinical manifestations, patterns severity and frequency of complications.
Factors Affecting the Selection of the Bariatric Surgeon-A Survey Study
Authors: Erok Berrin , MD Hüseyin Akyol
Published: January 2022

There are various factors considerd by the patients in the process of selecting the hospital and the surgeon like professional sertifications. The experience of the surgeon for all types of surggeries has a great influence on the patients' preference. In some surgical procedures patients prefer gender concordant surgeons like gynecological operations. These factors have been evaluated in many studies regarding different types of operations.
Autosomal Recessive Autism: Cure of the Major Autistic Features
Authors: Al Mosawi Aamir Jalal
Published: January 2022

Background: We have previously reported our extensive experiences with autism disorders and their treatments, and we showed the possibility of curing the major autistic features with a new therapeutic approach which included individualized courses of intramuscular cerebrolysin as the main therapy for the main autistic features. Our previously published experiences included observing the occurrence of atypical autism associated with evidence of mental retardation in four brothers from outside Baghdad, each two of them from two unrelated families. The four patients were treated based on our extensive published experiences with the pharmacological treatments of autism disorders; however, the follow-up and the outcome of treatments of these four children were not described in the previous publications. The aim of this paper is to report the cure of the major autistic features in 2 brothers with autosomal recessive autism. Patients and methods: It was possible to follow the first two brothers for only few weeks and to see them after the first course of treatment, however, the second brothers were followed for more than one year, and it was possible to achieve cure of the main autistic features. Results: After one short course, the first two brothers showed slight but noticeable improvement. The younger brother showed some reduction in autistic features as he developed rather an acceptable eye contact. However, the two brothers were still not responding to name and didn’t say any word. After, treatment, the second two brothers showed no autistic features, and experienced significant improvements in speech and cognitive functions. The older brother was not having autistic features after eighth months, and was obeying commands, but was still saying only few words. The younger brother joined primary school and was doing well apart from some behavioral problems especially running away from school and sometimes breaks things. Conclusion: In this paper, cure of autism has been achieved in two boys with autosomal recessive disorder. However, cure of autism in older children has never been expected to totally normalizes them, as the patients have already lost several years of learning, social adaptation, and maturation of personality and behavior.
Goldberg Shprintzen Syndrome: The Novel Association with Congenital Unilateral Anorchia (Monorchism)
Authors: Al Mosawi Aamir Jalal
Published: January 2022

Background: Goldberg Shprintzen syndrome is a very rare autosomal recessive mental-growth retardation syndrome associated with characteristic facial dysmorphism, Hirschsprung disease, and a variety of neurological abnormalities, and abnormalities on brain imaging studies. However, the association of the syndrome with congenital unilateral absence of the testis (monorchism) has not been reported before. We have previously reported the thirty fourth and thirty fifth cases of the syndrome which occurred in Iraqi brothers, and described a novel therapeutic approach which was used to treat the younger brother. The aim of this paper is to report the novel association of Goldberg Shprintzen syndrome with congenital right monorchism. Patients and methods: T.A.S, the younger of two brothers with Goldberg Shprintzen syndrome was first seen at the age of four years and 10 months at the pediatric neuro-psychiatric clinic on the 29th of August, 2019. He had spastic right hemiparesis and was unable to walk alone, and was not saying any word and had characteristic facial features including hypertelorism, narrow palpebral fissures, open mouth, and laterally lifted ear. He also had neonatal intestinal obstruction which was attributed to Hirschsprung disease, and was treated surgically with resection and colostomy. The boy was treated successfully with novel therapeutic approach and experienced improvement in cognitive abilities, speech, and motor function, and after treatment was able to walk alone. Results: During July, 2021, the family reminded us that the child had single testis in the scrotum, and during early infancy an MRI study failed to find any second testis anywhere. An ultrasound was performed and showed normal left testis. However, the right testis could not found in the right hemi-scrotal sac nor with the right inguinal canal or within the abdomen. Thus, the ultrasound confirmed the earlier MRI findings which suggested congenital absence of the right testis (monorchism). Conclusion: This paper reported the novel association of Goldberg Shprintzen syndrome with monorchism, and this case represented the third case of congenital syndromic monorchism in the world.
Full Validation of A New Formula Estimating The Smoking Economic Burden By Morbidity
Authors: Hernández Fé Fernández , González Efraín Sánchez
Published: January 2022

Introduction: In the Health Economy research context usually researches are assuming that the probability of the morbidity attributable to smoking is equal to the probability of the health spend attributable to smoking. Also is attributed the whole health spend because of active smokers to smoking. To solve this limitation, the authors suggested a new rate to measure the smoking economic burden by morbidity. Objective: To evaluate the feasibility from a new rate to measure the smoking economic burden by morbidity. Methods: Was made a bibliographic research to describe the estimation process from the smoking economic burden by morbidity. Were utilized as theoretical method the analysis and synthesis, the comparative and the systematization. As empiric methods were used the Principle of Multiplication and the bibliographic research. Results: The rate designed solves the limitation identified during the research about the estimation of the smoking economic burden by morbidity. Conclusion: The new rate will provide a better estimation from the smoking economic burden by morbidity. It application will may identify the role of active smokers and passive smokers in the formation of the smoking economic burden. However, it application must be agree to the supposes identified.
Changes in the Serum Levels of Estradiol and Changes in Expression of Estrogen Receptor Alpha in the Bone Tissue of Ovariectomized Wistar Rats
Authors: V. Grigoryan Armine , B. Blazhev Alexander , M. Betova Tatyana , A. Dimitrova Aneliya
Published: January 2022

Estradiol is an estrogen steroid hormone and is produced basically within the follicles of the ovaries. The decrease in serum estrogens concentration at menopause disrupts the metabolic balance, changes the lipid profile leading to visceral obesity, which caused an increase in serum estradiol levels, through aromatase activity. Estrogen deficiency also is a reason for the development of osteoporosis.We investigated the serum estradiol levels and changes in bone alpha estrogen receptor expression in ovariectomized rats. For this purpose, we used 20 female Wistar rats at reproductive age - 2 months divided into 2 groups: group 1 (G1)-10 animals were ovariectomized and group 2 (G2)-10 of which were sham-operated. All animals of G1 showed weight gain compared to group G2. The results showed that the values of serum 17β-estradiol in rats of G1 statistically increased compared to G2 (p <0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed no difference in estrogen receptor expression between the both groups. Histomorphological analysis of femur from G1 showed the presence of pronounced osteoporosis. Ovariectomy led to the development of obesity, which caused an increase in serum estradiol levels, through aromatase activity, but this process did not prevent bone tissue from developing osteoporosis.
Strategie szacowania miejsca liczb na osi u dzieci z dyskalkulią i typowo rozwijających się
Authors: Gut Małgorzata , Goraczewski Łukasz , Finc Karolina , Matulewski Jacek , Walerzak-Więckowska Anna , Duch Włodzisław
Published: January 2022

CelCelem badań była ocena wpływu deficytów poznawczych obecnych w specyficznym zaburzeniu w uczeniu się matematyki, na operowanie mentalną osią liczbową przy użyciu jednocyfrowych liczb prezentowanych w formacie symbolicznym i niesymbolicznym.
MetodaZbadano zdolność szacowania miejsca liczb na osi (ang. Number Line Estimation, NLE) u 20 dzieci z zaburzeniami w zakresie nauki matematyki (mathematical learning disabilities, MLD) i 27 ich typowo rozwijających się rówieśników (typically developing, TD). Wykorzystano w tym celu zadanie szacowania miejsca liczb na osi dla liczb z zakresu 1–9 przedstawianych w formacie symbolicznym i niesymbolicznym.
WynikiW przypadku wszystkich dzieci większą wartość błędu szacowania uzyskano dla liczb ze środka osi liczbowej, aczkolwiek efekt był bardziej wyraźny w grupie z zaburzeniami. Co więcej, dzieci z obu grup w podobnym stopniu przeszacowywały, zaś różniły się pod względem niedoszacowywania miejsca liczb. Dzieci z grupy MLD ujawniły większe odchylenie w lewo niż dzieci z grupy TD w przypadku prawie wszystkich liczb, z wyjątkiem 7 i 8. Ocena wielkości błędu szacowania miejsca dla każdej liczby oddzielnie pozwoliła na opisanie profilu rozkładu wartości tego błędu, a co za tym idzie, prawdopodobnych strategii tego szacowania stosowanych przez dzieci z obu grup.
WnioskiJak się wydaje, grupa MLD, przejawia tendencję do szacowania segmentów osi liczbowej, zaczynając od punktu odniesienia na lewym krańcu osi. Wyznaczanie kolejnego w jej centrum, nie ułatwia im poprawnego szacowania miejsca liczb 4 i 6. Ponadto u wszystkich dzieci odnotowano większy błąd szacowania w przypadku formatu niesymbolicznego (zbiory kropek), szczególnie dla wysokich wartości liczbowych, co można interpretować, zarówno jako przejaw błędów w szacowaniu miejsca liczb, jak i w przeliczaniu.
Pomiar uznania społecznego w percepcji osoby, która doświadczyła zdarzenia traumatycznego. Polska Adaptacja Kwestionariusza Społecznego Uznania (SAQ)
Authors: Szumiał Szymon , Lis-Turlejska Maja , Rzeszutek Marcin , Drapała Iwona
Published: January 2022

CelCelem badania było stworzenie polskiej adaptacji Kwestionariusza Społecznego Uznania SAQ, Social Acknowledgement Questionnaire. Kwestionariusz służy do oceny społeczno-interpersonalnych reakcji w stosunku do osób po przeżytych doświadczeniach traumatycznych.
MetodaPrzeprowadzono badania w pięciu grupach pochodzących z różnych populacji. Rzetelność SAQ została oszacowana przy wykorzystaniu współczynników alfa Cronbacha i współczynników korelacji wewnątrzklasowej. Trafność SAQ została sprawdzona przy pomocy konfirmacyjnej analizy czynnikowej oraz analizy korelacji wyników SAQ z nasileniem objawów PTSD i objawów depresji.
WynikiPolska adaptacja SAQ spełnia kryteria rzetelności i trafności. Wartości rzetelności okazały się wystarczająco wysokie, biorąc pod uwagę wymiary spójności wewnętrznej wyrażonej poprzez wartości współczynnika alfa Cronbacha oraz stabilności ujmowanej przez współczynniki korelacji wewnątrzklasowej. Struktura czynnikowa SAQ wymaga dalszych analiz przeprowadzonych na większych próbach.
KonkluzjeSpołeczne uznanie może być dynamiczną zmienną, podlegającą wpływom interwencji terapeutycznych. Polska wersja SAQ jest narzędziem o dobrych właściwościach psychometrycznych, które może zarówno być pomocne w szacowaniu ryzyka rozwoju PTSD. Może również być wartościowym kwestionariuszem do dalszych badań w kontekście prewencji oraz strategii leczenia osób dotkniętych PTSD i ich bliskich.