bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zombie ant death grip due to hypercontracted mandibular muscles
Authors: Mangold Colleen A. , Ishler Melissa J. , Loreto Raquel G. , Hazen Missy L. , Hughes David P.
Published: July 2019

There are numerous examples of parasites that manipulate the behavior of the hosts that they infect. One such host–pathogen relationship occurs between the ‘zombie-ant fungus’ Ophiocordyceps unilateralis sensu lato and its carpenter ant host. Infected ants climb to elevated locations and bite onto vegetation where they remain permanently affixed well after death. The mandibular muscles, but not the brain, of infected ants are extensively colonized by the fungus. We sought to investigate the mechanisms by which O. unilateralis s.l. may be able to influence mandibular muscle contraction despite widespread muscle damage. We found that infected muscles show evidence of hypercontraction. Despite the extensive colonization, both motor neurons and neuromuscular junctions appear to be maintained. Infection results in sarcolemmal damage, but this is not specific to the death grip. We found evidence of precise penetration of muscles by fungal structures and the presence of extracellular vesicle-like particles, both of which may contribute to mandibular hypercontraction.
Endurance Exercise Attenuates Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: LEE YOUNGIL , KWON INSU , JANG YONGCHUL , COSIO-LIMA LUDMILA , BARRINGTON PATRICIA
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Endurance exercise (EXE) preconditioning before DOX treatment confers cardioprotection; however, whether EXE postconditioning (i.e., EXE intervention after the completion of DOX treatment) is cardioprotective remains unknown. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate if EXE postconditioning provides cardioprotection by testing the hypothesis that EXE-autophagy upregulation and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) downregulation would be linked to cardioprotection against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.

Methods

C57BL/6 male mice were assigned into three groups: control (CON, n = 10), doxorubicin (DOX, n = 10), and doxorubicin + endurance exercise (DOX + EXE, n = 10). Animals assigned to DOX and DOX + EXE groups were intraperitoneally injected with DOX (5 mg·kg−1 each week for 4 wk). Forty-eight hours after the last DOX treatment, the mice assigned to DOX + EXE performed EXE on a motorized treadmill at a speed of 13–15 m·min−1 for 60 min·d−1 for 4 wk.

Results

EXE prevented DOX-induced apoptosis and mitigated tissue damages. Although DOX did not modulate auto/mitophagy, EXE significantly enhanced its flux (increased LC3-II levels, reduced p62 levels, and increased autophagosomes with mitochondria) along with increased mitochondrial fission (DRP1) and reduced fusion markers (OPA1 and MFN2). Interestingly, EXE-induced autophagy against DOX occurred in the absence of alterations of autophagy inducer AMPK or autophagy inhibitor mTOR signaling. EXE prohibited DOX-induced oxidative damages by suppressing NOX2 levels but without modulating other key antioxidant enzymes including MnSOD, CuZnSOD, catalase, and GPX1/2.

Conclusion

Our data provide novel findings that EXE-induced auto/mitophagy promotion and NOX2 downregulation are linked to cardioprotection against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Importantly, our study shows that EXE postconditioning intervention is effective and efficacious to prevent DOX-induced cardiac injuries.
Overreaching Attenuates Training-induced Improvements in Muscle Oxidative Capacity
Authors: BELLINGER PHILLIP M. , SABAPATHY SURENDRAN , CRAVEN JONATHAN , ARNOLD BLAYNE , MINAHAN CLARE
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The aim of this study was to determine whether muscle oxidative capacity is influenced by alterations in training volume in middle-distance runners.

Methods

Twenty-four highly trained middle-distance runners (n = 16 males; V˙O2peak = 73.3(4.3) mL·kg−1·min−1; n = 8 females, V˙O2peak = 63.2(3.4) mL·kg−1·min−1) completed 3 wk of normal training (NormTr), 3 wk of high-volume training (HVTr; a 10%, 20%, and 30% increase in training volume during each successive week from NormTr), and a 1-wk taper (TapTr; 55% exponential reduction in training volume from HVTr week 3). Before and immediately after each training period, the rate of recovery of muscle oxygen consumption (mV˙O2) of the gastrocnemius medialis was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy, with the rate constant indicating muscle oxidative capacity. Time to exhaustion (TTE) and V˙O2peak were determined during a maximal incremental treadmill test.

Results

Twelve subjects were classified as being functionally overreached (FOR) after HVTr (decreased running TTE and high perceived fatigue), whereas the other 12 subjects were classified as acutely fatigued (AF; no decrease in running TTE). The AF group demonstrated a significant increase in muscle oxidative capacity after HVTr (rate constant: 15.1% ± 9.7% min−1; P = 0.009), with no further improvement after TapTr, whereas there was no change in muscle oxidative capacity for FOR at any time point (P > 0.05). Compared with the FOR group, the AF group had substantially larger improvements in TTE from pre-HVTr to post-TapTr (FOR, 8.8% ± 3.7%; AF, 3.2% ± 3.0%; P = 0.04).

Conclusion

The present study was able to demonstrate that muscle oxidative capacity was increased in response to a period of HVTr, but only in runners who did not develop FOR. Furthermore, runners who did not develop FOR had substantially larger performance improvements after a taper period.
Preferred metabolic pathway of bovine muscle fibre revealed by synchrotron–deep ultraviolet fluorescence imaging
Authors: Astruc Thierry , Loison Olivier , Jamme Frédéric , Réfrégiers Matthieu , Vénien Annie
Published: July 2019

The different bovine muscle fibre types I, IIA and IIX are characterised by their preferred metabolic pathway, either oxidative (I, IIA) or glycolytic (IIX), and their contraction speed, either slow-twitch (I) or fast-twitch (IIA, IIX). These physiological specificities are associated with variations in intracellular composition and their fluorescence spectra signatures. We hypothesised that these slight differences in autofluorescence responses could be used to discriminate the muscle fibre types by fluorescence imaging. Serial histological cross-sections of beef longissimus dorsi were performed: the start set was used to identify the metabolic and contractile type of muscle fibres by both immunohistoenzymology and immunohistofluorescence, and the following set was used to acquire synchrotron–deep ultraviolet (UV) autofluorescence images after excitation in the UV range (275 nm and 315 nm). This strategy made it possible to explore the label-free autofluorescence of muscle cells previously subtyped by histochemistry. Glycolytic cells (IIX) showed more intense fluorescence than oxidative cells (I and IIA) with near-90 % accuracy. This discrimination is more specifically assigned to the fluorescence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. UV autofluorescence was unable to discriminate contractile type.
Trichodentoosseous syndrome: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Jagtap Rohan , Alansari Raghd , Ruprecht Axel , Kashtwari Deeba
Published: July 2019

Trichodentoosseous (TDO) syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by various dental and non-dental findings such as taurodontism, amelogenesis imperfecta, osseous dysplasia, mandibular prognathism, curly hair, dysplastic nails, which may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. TDO syndrome is divided into three subtypes that helps to categorize different features seen in patients. There are very few cases reported in the literature of TDO syndrome. We present a case of a young adult male showing interesting Type I and II clinical and radiographic findings of the TDO syndrome. Amelogenesis imperfecta hypomaturation-hypoplastic type and TDO syndrome overlaps in their dental findings such as taurodontism and enamel hypoplasia and makes the diagnosis of TDO crucial. TDO syndrome was noted as an incidental finding on cone beam CT. This case report highlights the pathognomonic radiographic findings, treatment plan, and the clues to diagnosis this rare disorder. Management of TDO requires a proper diagnosis, multidisciplinary approach with comprehensive treatment plan including periodic follow up. Knowledge of this condition along with thorough interpretation of the entire cone beam CT volume are critical to understand this syndrome better due to its rarity.
Versatile transcription control based on reversible dCas9 binding
Authors: Widom Julia R. , Rai Victoria , Rohlman Christopher E. , Walter Nils G.
Published: July 2019

The ability to control transcription in a time-dependent manner in vitro promises numerous applications in molecular biology and nanotechnology. Here we demonstrate an approach that enables precise, independent control over the production of multiple RNA transcripts in vitro using single guide RNA (sgRNA)-directed transcription blockades by catalytically dead Streptococcus pyogenes CRISPR-Cas9 enzyme (dCas9). We show that when bound to a DNA template, the dCas9:sgRNA complex forms a robust blockade to transcription by RNA polymerases (RNAPs) from bacteriophages SP6, T3, and T7 (>99.5% efficiency), and a partial blockade to transcription by Escherichia coli RNAP (∼70% efficiency). We find that all three bacteriophage RNAPs dissociate from the DNA template upon encountering the dCas9 blockade, while E. coli RNAP stays bound for at least the 90-min duration of our experiments. The blockade maintains >95% efficiency when four mismatches are introduced into the 5′ end of the sgRNA target sequence. Notably, when using such a mismatched blockade, production of specific RNA species can be activated on demand by addition of a double-stranded competitor DNA perfectly matching the sgRNA. This strategy enables the independent production of multiple RNA species in a temporally controlled fashion from the same DNA template, demonstrating a new approach for transcription control.
Research on Babesia: A bibliometric assessment of a neglected tick-borne parasite
Authors: Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J. , Bonilla-Aldana D. Katterine , Escalera-Antezana Juan Pablo , Alvarado-Arnez Lucia Elena
Published: July 2019

Given the emergence and reemergence of tick-borne diseases, here we assessed the publishing patterns of research focused on Babesia. We also discuss the implications for the articles published in the last decade, and how more clinical and epidemiological information concerning Babesia is still required. The findings of this article would be useful to define research priorities about Babesia and diagnose the important of scientific production on this pathogen.
Anti-pathogenic potential of a classical ayurvedic formulation- Triphala
Authors: Patel Hinal , Patel Foram , Jani Vinit , Jha Neha , Ansari Afsa , Paliwal Bhumika , Rathod Bharatsingh , Patel Dhruvi , Patel Pooja , Kothari Vijay
Published: July 2019

A classical ayurvedic polyherbal formulation namely Triphala was assessed for its anti-pathogenic potential against five different pathogenic bacteria. Virulence of four of them towards the model host Caenorhabditis elegans was attenuated (by 18-45%) owing to pre-treatment with Triphala (≤20 µg/ml). Triphala could also exert significant therapeutic effect on worms already infected with Chromobacterium violaceum, Serratia marcescens or Staphylococcus aureus. Prophylactic use of Triphala allowed worms to score 14-41% better survival in face of subsequent pathogen challenge. Repeated exposure to this formulation induced resistance in S. marcescens, but not in P. aeruginosa. It also exerted a post-extract effect (PEE) on three of the test pathogens. Triphala was able to modulate production of quorum sensing (QS)-regulated pigments in three of the multidrug-resistant gram-negative test bacteria. Haemolytic activity of S. aureus was heavily inhibited under the influence of this formulation. P. aeruginosa's lysozyme-susceptibility was found to increase by ~25-43% upon Triphala-pretreatment. These results validate therapeutic potential of one of the most widely used polyherbal ayurvedic formulations called Triphala.
Enhanced Pseudo-polynomial Formulations for Bin Packing and Cutting Stock Problems
Authors: Delorme Maxence , Iori Manuel
Published: July 2019

We study pseudo-polynomial formulations for the classical bin packing and cutting stock problems. We first propose an overview of dominance and equivalence relations among the main pattern-based and pseudo-polynomial formulations from the literature. We then introduce reflect, a new formulation that uses just half of the bin capacity to model an instance and needs significantly fewer constraints and variables than the classical models. We propose upper- and lower-bounding techniques that make use of column generation and dual information to compensate reflect weaknesses when bin capacity is too high. We also present nontrivial adaptations of our techniques that solve two interesting problem variants, namely the variable-sized bin packing problem and the bin packing problem with item fragmentation. Extensive computational tests on benchmark instances show that our algorithms achieve state of the art results on all problems, improving on previous algorithms and finding several new proven optimal solutions.
Erlang-S: A Data-Based Model of Servers in Queueing Networks
Authors: Azriel David , Feigin Paul D. , Mandelbaum Avishai
Published: July 2019

Classical queueing theory has typically focused on customers, and server availability has been taken for granted. However, data accessibility and the emergence of complex service systems, for example, call centers, revealed the need to stochastically model the complex behavior of servers. In this work, we propose a new model that accommodates such behavior; we call it Erlang-S, where “S” stands for servers. Our model assumes a pool of present servers, some of whom are available to serve customers from the queue while others are not, and the process of becoming available or unavailable is modeled explicitly. Our focus here is on applying the model to real systems, specifically call centers. Estimating the parameters of the new model from call-center data is challenging because reality is observed discretely in time as opposed to its continuous evolution. We therefore use an expectation-maximization algorithm that computes the expected number of relevant quantities given the discrete-time data. Erlang-S differs from the Erlang-A model, which has been commonly used for modeling call centers: the latter model assumes that all agents who are present are, in fact, available for service. When comparing predictions of the two models against call-center data, we find that Erlang-A generally overestimates queue length and consequently also the fraction of abandonment, and Erlang-S predicts reality more closely and usefully. Our conclusion is that it is important to model explicitly server dynamics to obtain accurate and valuable models of complex service systems.

This paper was accepted by Gad Allon, stochastic models and simulation.
Information Asymmetries in Common-Value Auctions with Discrete Signals
Authors: Syrgkanis Vasilis , Kempe David , Tardos Eva
Published: July 2019

We consider common-value hybrid auctions among two asymmetrically informed bidders, in which the winning bidder pays his bid with some positive probability κ and the losing bid otherwise. Under the assumption of discrete and affiliated signals, we give an explicit characterization of the (unique) equilibrium based on a simple recurrence relation, which gives rise to a linear-time algorithm for explicitly computing the equilibrium. By analyzing the execution of the algorithm, we derive several insights about the equilibrium structure. First, we show that equilibrium revenue is decreasing in κ and that the limit second-price equilibrium selected as κ → 0 has the highest revenue, in stark contrast to the revenue collapse of the second-price auction predicted by the trembling-hand equilibrium selection proposed in prior work. We further show that the linkage principle can fail to hold even in a pure first-price auction with binary signals: public revelation of a signal to both bidders may decrease the auctioneer’s revenue. Finally, we analyze the effects of public acquisition of additional information on bidder utilities and exhibit cases in which both bidders strictly prefer for a specific bidder to receive additional information.
Capacity and Inventory Management: Review, Trends, and Projections
Authors: Song Jing-Sheng , van Houtum Geert-Jan , Van Mieghem Jan A.
Published: July 2019

We present a reproducible, objective review of research trends using text mining and citations of papers published in Manufacturing & Service Operations Management during its first 20 years whose abstracts or keywords contain capacity or inventory. The review is followed by our subjective projections on future research opportunities.
The Challenges of Adopting E-Governance in Iraq
Authors: Thabit Thabit H. , Jasim Yaser A.
Published: July 2019

One of the most important technology applications to monitor the effectiveness of e-government services in the current era is e-governance. E-governance monitors the quality of government services, the exchange of information, and the efficiency of institutional communications within the digital environment. The current paper aims to analyze the main challenges faced by adopting e-governance in Iraq as a developing country by analyzing the organization's potential strengths and possible weaknesses in addition to the opportunities and threats for adopting e-governance through using SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats analysis), and to evaluate main four aspects (politic, society, economy, and technology) of adopting the e-governance in digital environment through using PEST (Political, Economic, Socio-cultural and Technological analysis). The researchers find that the governmental organizations in Iraq are using the services of the Internet such as websites, social media site, and blogs to supply citizens with governmental services, but there is a huge gap among the four different aspects. The researchers conclude that the weaknesses of the e-governance applications adopted in Iraq should be recognized, the current threats must be eliminated, and practical solutions should be found to reduce the gap among the four aspects.
Tackling Open Defecation and Improved Sanitation in Developing Countries: A Toilet Talk from the State of Bihar, India
Authors: Sinha Sandeep Kumar , Chaudhry Pradeep
Published: July 2019

Open defecation is a major blot on India’s overall reputation as an emerging economy as it still remains stubbornly widespread across rural India. The present paper outlines the economic and psychological aspects of toilets construction and their sustainable usage in two districts of the state of Biharviz. Gopalganj& Bhagalpur. Bihar’s performance is not up to the mark with respect to the sanitation figures among other states of India. It was found that households owning a government constructed latrine,still defecate in the open. Study evidences support a preference for open defecation; many survey respondents reported that open defecation was more comfortable and desirable than latrine use. Old people prefer going outside as they are used to this routineand do not mind defecating in the open for the rest of their lives.The study was conducted with an objective to better understand and assess the issues and strategies of behavioural change, policies present in the system and suggesting suitable recommendations to address the issue of sustenance of open defecation free status in the state.
Frequently asked questions on skin cancer and melanoma
Authors: Van Onselen Julie
Published: July 2019

Julie Van Onselen answers questions frequently asked by patients about recognising skin cancers
Assesment and management of migraines in primary care settings
Authors: Perry Margaret
Published: July 2019

Margaret Perry explains how nurses can alleviate this commonly misunderstood condition
An Edge Computing Tutorial
Authors: Sittón-Candanedo Inés , Corchado Juan Manuel
Published: July 2019

Edge Computing (EC) is an emerging technology that has made it possible to process the large volume of data generated by devices connected to the Internet, through the Internet of objects (IO). The article provides an introduction to EC and its definition. The integration of EC in those contexts would imply an optimisation of the processes that are normally executed in a cloud computing environment, bringing considerable advantages. The main contribution of EC is a better pre-processing of the data collected through devices before they are sent to a central server or the cloud.
Sublaminar polyester band fixation construct in the treatment of neuromuscular scoliosis
Authors: Rosenfeld S. , Kenney S. , Rebich E.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Multiple fixation techniques exist for treating progressive neuromuscular scoliosis including pedicle screws, sublaminar bands/wires, hooks or a combination of instruments. Most sublaminar band constructs are supplemented with pedicle screws, hooks and/or sublaminar wires particularly at the top of the construct. There are no studies to date that describe an all/predominant sublaminar band construct. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of a sublaminar polyester band construct to treat neuromuscular scoliosis.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted of 32 cases of neuromuscular scoliosis treated with posterior spinal fusion using a sublaminar band construct between 2013 and 2016 by a single surgeon at a single centre. Preoperative, immediate postoperative and two-year follow-up radiographs and clinical records were reviewed. Sagittal, coronal and pelvic obliquity correction was measured. Blood loss, length of surgery and complications were recorded.

Results

In all, 29 patients were included. Mean postoperative coronal plane correction was 57% (0% to 92%) and maintained at two-year follow-up. Mean sagittal balance was 2.3 cm (-2.5 to 6.4). Mean lumbar lordosis angle decreased by 7° (44° to 37°). Mean thoracic kyphosis angle increased by 9° (23° to 32°). Mean pelvic obliquity decreased by 50% (from 15° to 7°). There were four major complications (14%) and eight minor complications (21%). Mean blood loss was 1304 cc (250 cc to 2450 cc).

Conclusion

Sublaminar polyester band fixation constructs provide a viable option in correction of deformity in patients with neuromuscular scoliosis with comparable outcomes with what is reported with other constructs.

Level of Evidence

V
The challenges of developing and implementing a bystander intervention for the prevention of domestic violence and abuse in UK communities
Authors: Fenton Rachel , Jones Cassandra , Moss Sue , Cooke Kate
Published: July 2019

Bystander intervention is showing promise as a strategy for violence reduction. Following successful preliminary evaluation of The Intervention Initiative (TII), a bystander programme for universities, a Public Health department in a local authority commissioned a DVA-specific version of TII for communities which became Active Bystander Communities (ABC). This paper documents, in narrative and reflexive form, the challenges and complexities faced by the research team and practitioners in translating TII into a new context for a new audience. We review findings from research, document the theoretical rationale underpinning the new programme, and its content and adherence to effective prevention criteria. We discuss the community readiness model and results of our engagement with a wider practitioner base and how feedback informed further programme development. We document the importance of the intersect and interplay of academic work with practitioner ‘real world’ realities. We discuss two fundamental theoretical issues: the meaning of ‘communities’ in this context, and the safety of interventions expressing social disapproval of problematic male behaviour to perpetrators designed to shift social norms. Government cuts have affected the structures and the staffing required to pilot the intervention in communities. Further research into effectiveness of the intervention and barriers to implementation is needed.
Konsep Dasar Gerakan Literasi Sekolah Pada Permendikbud Nomor 23 Tahun 2015 Tentang Penumbuhan Budi Pekerti
Authors: Sari Ika Fadilah Ratna
Published: July 2019

Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS) memperkuat gerakan penumbuhan budi pekerti sebagaimana dituangkan dalam Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nomor 23 Tahun 2015. Salah satu kegiatan di dalam gerakan tersebut adalah kegiatan 15 menit membaca buku nonpelajaran sebelum waktu belajar dimulai. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan untuk menumbuhkan minat baca peserta didik serta meningkatkan keterampilan membaca agar pengetahuan dapat dikuasai secara lebih baik. Materi baca berisi nilai-nilai budi pekerti, berupa kearifan lokal, nasional, dan global yang disampaikan sesuai tahap perkembangan peserta didik. Penerapan kegiatan ini juga perlu memperhatikan konsep dasar pelaksanaan gerakan literasi sekolah sesuai pada Permendikbud nomor 23 Tahun 2015, sehingga mampu mencapai tujuan yang diharapkan.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis konsep dasar literasi sekolah pada Permendikbud Nomor 23 Tahun 2015 tentang Penumbuhan Budi Pekerti. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan analisis isi. Sumber data yang digunakan berupa dokumen dan informan.Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: (1) literasi adalah kemampuan untuk menggunakan bahasa dan gambar dalam bentuk yang kaya dan beragam untuk membaca, menulis, mendengarkan, berbicara, melihat, menyajikan dan berpikir kritis tentang ide-ide sehingga mampu menjelaskan praktik sosial dan budaya serta makna yang terkandung dengan berorientasi pada teks cetak maupun multidimensi dan interaktif secara kritis; (2) komponen literasi terdiri atas literasi dini, literasi dasar, literasi perpustakaan, literasi media, literasi teknologi, dan literasi visual; (3) GLS adalah suatu usaha atau kegiatan yang bersifat partisipatif dengan melibatkan warga sekolah, akademisi, penerbit, media massa, masyarakat, dan pemangku kepentingan di bawah koordinasi Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan dengan upaya pada peserta didik membaca 15 menit sebelum pelajaran dimulai; dan (4) GLS dapat dilihat dari beberapa sudut pandang, antara lain yaitu segi pendidikan, segi komunikasi, segi budaya, segi bahasa, segi kognitif, segi pertumbuhan perngetahuan dan segi agama Islam.
Layanan Guru Kelas Bagi Siswa Slow Learner Di Sekolah Inklusi (SD N Bangunrejo 2 Yogyakarta)
Authors: Utami Nurhidayah Eko Budi
Published: July 2019

SD N Bangunrejo 2 Yogyakarta merupakan sekolah yang berbasis inklusi. Sekolah tersebut memiliki beberapa golongan siswa berkebutuhan khusus, termasuk slow learner di dalamnya. Siswa slow learner yang ada di SD N Bangunrejo 2 Yogyakarta merupakan salah satu siswa berkebutuhan khusus dengan jumlah yang cukup besar. Siswa slow learner tersebut belajar berdampingan dengan siswa normal dan siswa dengan kebutuhan khusus lainnya. Hal tersebut menjadikan peneliti ingin mencari tahu lebih lanjut mengenai layanan yang diberikan guru kelas bagi siswa slow learner di sekolah tersebut.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini digunakan untuk menggali data tentang layanan yang diberikan guru kelas kepada siswa slow learner di sekolah inklusi. Objek dari penelitian tesis ini adalah layanan guru kelas bagi siswa slow learner di sekolah inklusi. Sedangkan subjeknya adalah guru kelas yang berjumlah lima orang. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut peneliti menggunakan metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, dan teknik triangulasi data.Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pemberian layanan oleh guru kelas bagi siswa slow learner di SD N Bangunrejo 2 Yogyakarta yang mencakup 3 hal, yaitu modifikasi alokasi waktu, modifikasi isi atau materi, dan modifikasi proses pembelajaran sudah terlaksana. Selain itu, ditemukan juga adanya penggunaan media dalam proses pembelajaran. Layanan yang diberikan oleh guru kelas belum terlaksana dengan maksimal, belum sepenuhnya memenuhi kebutuhan siswa slow learner. Selain itu, belum adanya program pebelajaran individu bagi siswa slow learner.
Pengembangan Subject Specific Pedagogy Tematik Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Hots Pada Peserta Didik Kelas IV MI Tema 3 Peduli Terhadap Makhluk Hidup
Authors: Purnaida Purnaida
Published: July 2019

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Pengembangan Subject Specific Pedagogy (SSP) tematik: pendahuluan, perencanaan, penyusunan draft SSP dan validasi SSP divalidasikan kepada ahli bahasa, ahli materi, dan ahli instrumen. Tahap selanjutnya produk direvisi dan diuji cobakan di MIN 2 Kulon Progo. Tahap terakhir adalah merevisi kembali produk sebagai akhir dari pengembangan produk pembelajaran Subject Spesific Pedagogy (SSP) tematik. 2) Kualitas kelayakan produk pembelajaran Subject Spesific Pedagogy (SSP) tematik didasarkan pada hasil validasi ahli bahasa, ahli materi, dan ahli instrumen. Hasil validasi ahli bahasa mendapatkan skor 3,50 dengan kategori sangat baik. Skor validasi ahli materi ialah 3,30 dan berada pada kategori sangat baik. Hasil validasi intrumen menunjukkan nilai 3,27 dengan kategori sangat baik. Hasil belajar peserta didik juga mengalami peningkatan dari 57,17 naik menjadi 80,87. Hasil validasi ketiga ahli menunjukkan bahwa produk pembelajaran Subject Spesific Pedagogy (SSP) tematik memang layak digunakan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik.
Dayah and Meunasah: Abu Teupin Raya is the reformer of Islamic Education in Aceh
Authors: Rizal Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: July 2019

Abu Teupin Raya also called by Tengku H. Muhammad Ali Irsyad is the most influential Ulama in Aceh. In fact, he has contributed guarding in Islamic education such as establishing Dayah Darussa’adah and has been preserving dakwah on Islamic tradition with various writing on Islamic studies. Since 1967, according to the tradition view of dayah, he is keeping pesantren to develop with many models of Quantity and Quality education in Indonesia. In addition, he has 23 book papers with local language and Arabic handwriting. With the information above, this paper uses qualitative research methods and will be explore to the act Abu Teupin Raya to build dayah in Aceh where the legacy of the script kitab kuning is written for improving Islamic education in Aceh.
Charismatic Leader on Developing Visionary Pesantren Bidayatul Hidayah in East Java: Profile and Strategy of Dr. KH. Ahmad Musthofa Kamal’s Leadership
Authors: Thoyib Muhammad
Published: July 2019

The aim of this research is to know the charismatic figure of kyai (Dr. KH Ahmad Musthofa Kamal) and his development strategy of visionary pesantren Bidayatul Hidayah Pasuruan East Java that has competitive value, both in national and international level. Therefore, this research is a qualitative research in the form of field research by using interview, observation and documentation in data collection, and using interactive analysis model of Miles and Huberman in analyzing the findings which consist of data reduction, display data and conclusion. The results of this research concluded: Dr. KH Ahmad Musthofa Kamal is a kyai who since his youth has had a high charisma value around the people in pesantren Bidayatul Hidayah Pasuruan which is characterized by the adherence and high commitment of them on him, including in the implementation of his pesantren education policy; And the strategy of developing visionary pesantren which undertaken by Dr.KH. Ahmad Musthofa Kamal at Pesantren Bidayatul Hidayah includes several things: (a). Improving the quality of education process at Pesantren Bidayatul Hidayah through developing the competence of educator with the scholarship inside and outside country, the provision of competence enrichment such as training of Islamic astronomy and pesantren curriculum, developing education facilities of special boarding’s (language, qiroah al-kutub, huffadz lil Qur'an, al-kutub at-turast), and developing visiting teacher program from Middle East-Europe. (b) Improving the quality of pesantren education outcomes in a number of programs, including: strengthening the competence of graduates through entrepreneurship training, and community service, strengthening the network of pesantren graduates as well as strengthening cooperation network among pesantren and world Islamic organization.
The Reality of Knowledge Management in Islamic Higher Education
Authors: Munadi Muhammad , Ernawati Fetty , Hakiman Hakiman
Published: July 2019

Knowledge Management (KM) is an approach to understand how the known processes are on created, used and shared to enhance academic productivity. This study aims to determine the system of implementation of KM in Islamic higher education, having the work unit status of non-tax state revenue (Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak/PNBP) and public service agency (Badan Layanan Umum/BLU) and applying remuneration. This study utilizes a qualitative method with the phenomenological approach. Data collection take through observation, in-depth interviews, document analysis, and focus group discussions. The implementation of KM is with the result of academic knowledge from research products and research schemes of educational staffs, saving knowledge storage on the database through electronic and printed forms, and the knowledge taking a distribution on through printed and electronic forms which are referencing lecture notes and oral sources such as scientific consortium and lecturing. The successful implementation of KM requires supported from stakeholder policies in educational institutions. The research findings present an overview of the implementation design of KM that can be used as a platform by scholars and stakeholders in educational institutions to increase knowledge productivity.

Keywords: Knowledge Management, Production, Storage, Distribution

Abstrak

Pengelolaan pengetahuan merupakan pendekatan untuk memahami bagaimana proses pengetahuan diciptakan, digunakan, dan dibagikan untuk meningkatkan produktifitas akademik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sistem implementasi manjemen pengetahuan di Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam yang berstatus satuan kerja PNBP dan BLU yang baru menerapkan remunerasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, analisis dokumentasi dan focused group discussion. Penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa implementasi manajemen pengetahuan meliputi: Pertama, produksi pengetahuan bersumber pada hasil penelitian tenaga pendidikan dan tenaga kependidikan dengan berbagai skema penelitian. Kedua, penyimpanan pengetahuan dalam bentuk cetak dan elektronik. Ketiga, distribusi pengetahuan melalui cetak, elektronik, referensi perkuliahan dan lisan seperti konsorsium keilmuan dan perkuliahan. Implementasi manajemen pengetahuan akan terwujud apabila didukung oleh kebijakan pemangku jabatan di lembaga pendidikan. Temuan penelitian memberikan gambaran tentang desain implementasi manajemen pengetahuan sehingga dapat dijadikan pijakan oleh para pelaku pengetahuan serta para pemangku kebijakan di lembaga pendidikan dalam rangka peningkatkan produktifitas pengetahuan.

Kata Kunci: Manajemen Pengetahuan, Produksi, Penyimpanan, Distribusi
Transformational Leadership in Pesantren on as Sa'idah, Al Matuq, and Sunanul Huda Boarding School
Authors: Supendi Pepen , Hasanah Aan , Mahmud Mahmud
Published: July 2019

A leadership of Kiai plays an essential act in the Institution structure of Pesantren. The important enrolled of Kiai is a good man on life purpose, a change agent, a negotiator with advice, and a coach calm. The reformer Kiai does on leadership with transformation idea on based charisma attitude and intellectual ideology. The research method is qualitative research with phenomenology approach. The research subjects consist of Kiai, boarding school administrators, students, people residents around pesantren.  The respondents are as many as 60 people. The Research locations are at as sa'idah, Al Matuq, and Sunanul Huda Pesantren. With the point, the paper will need to explain into the leadership of Kiai Pesantren especially in order to support the quality management of Pesantren on educational proses.

Keywords: Charismatic Kiai, Leadership, Pesantren, Reformer, and Transformational Leadership

Abstrak

Kepemimpinan kiai memainkan peran penting dalam struktur kelembagaan Pesantren. Hal penting dari Peranan kiai adalah sebagai penunjuk arah dan tujuan hidup, agen perubahan, negosiator dengan nasihat yang terucap dari tutur kata, dan Pelindung dengan sikap tenang. kiai yang berjiwa Pembaharu dan tranformasif adalah dasar perilaku kepemimpinan dengan ide transformatif pada pola sikap karisma dan ideologi intelektual yang kuat. Metode penelitian adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Subyek penelitian adalah para kiai, pengurus Pondok Pesantren, Santri, dan penduduk sekitar pesantren. Penelitian akan mewawancarai 60 Responden. Lokasi penelitian adalah Pondok pesantren As sa'idah, Al Matuq dan Sunanul Huda. Dengan penjelasan tersebut, paper akan menjelaskan tentang kepemimpinan kiai di pesantren dalam manajemen mutu pesantren dalam proses pola pendidikan Islam.

Kata Kunci: Kepemimpinan, Kiai Karismatik, Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Pesantren, dan  Pembaharu
Ochrona dobrego imienia Józefa Piłsudskiego w świetle przepisów prawa karnego oraz w praktyce sądowej w okresie II Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Siemaszko Karol
Published: July 2019

Autor analizuje przepisy prawa karnego odnoszące się do ochrony czci i dobrego imienia Naczelnika Państwa, a także bezpośrednio Józefa Piłsudskiego obowiązujące w okresie międzywojennym. W swych rozważaniach autor skupia się nie tylko na rozważaniach dogmatycznych, analizuje również praktykę orzeczniczą polskich sądów w wybranych sprawach karnych przeciwko sprawcom uwłaczającym czci i dobremu imieniu Józefa Piłsudskiego.
Służby audytorskie lądowych sił zbrojnych w systemie rosyjskiego sądownictwa wojskowego w XVIII i pierwszej połowie XIX w.
Authors: Madej Leszek
Published: July 2019

Następstwem przeprowadzonej przez Piotra I reformy wojskowej stało się utworzenie w Rosji pochodzącej z poboru armii regularnej. Pojawienie się nowoczesnych sił zbrojnych pociągnęło za sobą konieczność przeprowadzenia zmian na płaszczyźnie sądownictwa wojskowego. Proces ten trwał do chwili opublikowania w 1716 r. Regulaminu Wojskowego. Dokument ten legł u podstaw organizacji systemu wymiaru sprawiedliwości w armii carskiej na wiele dziesięcioleci. Jego składową częścią stały się służby audytorskie. Celem publikacji jest przybliżenie polskiemu czytelnikowi całościowej organizacji oraz zasad funkcjonowania instytucji audytoriatu do 1867 r., kiedy na fali przeprowadzonej wówczas reformy sądownictwa wojskowego nastąpiła jej ostateczna likwidacja. W celu lepszego zrozumienia natury i specyfiki instytucji, o której mowa, zabiegiem koniecznym staje się charakterystyka ustroju sądownictwa wojskowego carskiej Rosji w przedziale czasowym, jaki został określony w tytule.
Prawne podstawy systemu ochrony przed pożarami w Królestwie Polskim (1815−1830)
Authors: Kania Rafał
Published: July 2019

Ogień stanowił w przeszłości jeden z żywiołów naturalnych szczególnie zagrażających człowiekowi. Pożary powodowały nie tylko bezpośrednie zagrożenie życia i zdrowia. Powodując zniszczenia zasobów materialnych, stwarzały również niebezpieczeństwo dla egzystencji biologicznej poszkodowanych. Wywoływały również negatywne skutki dla całego systemu społeczno-gospodarczego. Przedmiotem artykułu jest przedstawienie założeń polityki wewnętrznej władz Królestwa Polskiego (1815-1830) w zakresie ochrony przeciwpożarowego na podstawie obowiązującego prawodawstwa.
Heterogeneous Elliptic BVPs with a Bifurcation-Continuation Parameter in the Nonlinear Mixed Boundary Conditions
Authors: Cano-Casanova Santiago
Published: July 2019

This article ascertains the global structure of the diagram of positive solutions of a very general class of elliptic boundary value problems with spatial heterogeneities and nonlinear mixed boundary conditions, considering as bifurcation-continuation parameter a certain parameter γ that appears in the boundary conditions. In particular, in this work are obtained, in terms of such a parameter γ, the exact decay rate to zero and blow-up rate to infinity of the continuum of positive solutions of the problem, at the bifurcations from the trivial branch and from infinity. The new findings of this work complement, in some sense, those previously obtained for Robin linear boundary conditions by J. García-Melián, J. D. Rossi and J. C. Sabina de Lis in 2007. The main technical tools used to develop the mathematical analysis carried out in this paper are local and global bifurcation, continuation, comparison and monotonicity techniques and blow-up arguments.
Conditions for the formation of anomalous tail of comet
Authors: Safarov Abduljalol G. , Ibadinov Khursand I.
Published: July 2019

The time and velocity of ejection of dust particles of anomalous tails from cometary nuclei are determined. It is revealed that some comets cause the formation of an anomalous tail is the collision of their comet nucleus with other bodies of the Solar System. An investigation of the formation conditions of the anomalous tail shows that the dust ejection velocity from the comet nucleus C/1851 U1, C/1885 X2, C/1921 E1, C/1925 V1, C/1930 D1, C/1975 V2, 2P/1924, 6P/1950 and 1976, 10P/1930, 7P/1933 and 35P/1939 O1 can be explained by the sublimation of the ice of the nucleus and the removal of dust by molecules. It was found that the comets C/1823 Y1, C/1882 R1, C/1883 D1, C/1888 R1, C/1892 E1, D/1894 F1, C/1932 M1, C/1954 O1, C/1968 H1, C/1969 T1, C/1973 E1, C/1995 O1, C/1999 S4, C/2004 Q2, 7P/1869 G1, 10P/1930, 19P/1918, 26P/1927 F1, 67P/1982, 73P/1930 J1, 96P/1986 J1 and 109P/1862 O1, formation of the anomalous tail and splitting of the comet nucleus was observed in one appearance. Nuclear splitting 70% of these comets occurred as a result of a collision of the comet’s nucleus with a meteoroid or fragments of their nuclei.
“It comes from you”: Agency in adult asylum seekers’ language learning through Process Drama
Authors: Dalziel Fiona , Piazzoli Erika
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we present a study of adult asylum seekers learning Italian as a Second Language through Process Drama. Adopting an ecology of language approach, we first set the scene by examining some of the most salient issues regarding the language learning needs of asylum seekers and refugees, including the challenge of fostering both language proficiency and a sense of autonomy and agency. We then introduce the topic of performative, or drama-based pedagogy, focussing on how this has been adopted for second-language learning, presenting the main features of Process Drama. We go on to evaluate a number of drama-based projects aimed specifically at adult asylum seekers and refugees before presenting the specific context of this study. The Process Drama sessions, organised in the 2016/2107 year, were part of a project called “Cultura e Accoglienza”, which allowed for the enrolment of 30 asylum seekers as “guest students” at the University of Padova in Northern Italy. In particular, we look at one of the Process Drama sessions, in which the participants became members of an association of community workers welcoming migrants, and the teacher took on the role of the asylum seeker. Through the dramatic frame, we, as facilitators, drew on the learners’ expertise in settling into the Italian culture, and in welcoming new arrivals. Our aim was that of using ‘time’, ‘place’ and ‘role reversal’ as distancing devices to challenge the notion of ‘otherness’. The analysis from videos, focus groups and teacher journals suggests that the drama gave participants the chance to shift perspective, and that this impacted on their sense of agency as second language learners.
Language teachers’ perceptions of multilingualism and language teaching: The case of the postgraduate programme “LRM”
Authors: Gkaintartzi Anastasia , Mouti Anna , Skourtou Eleni , Tsokalidou Roula
Published: July 2019

This paper explores the language views and practices of postgraduate student-teachers attending a distance-learning Master’s Programme of a Greek University, entitled “Language Education for Refugees and Migrants” (LRM). Teachers and professionals working with language learners in linguistically diverse contexts make up an interesting research sample in order to explore their perceptions and practices concerning bi/multilingualism and language learning. The study was conducted through an open-ended questionnaire, delivered and completed electronically by the student-teachers of two modules of the Programme (LRM 53: Language teaching for adult refugees and migrants and LRM54: Language teaching for children with refugee and migrant background) and included open-ended questions regarding their profile, their perceptions towards bi/multilingualism and translanguaging, language use in the school context, the first language and its relation to second language learning. Taking into account the students’ sample profile, the data can provide insights into the ways student-teachers view and deal with language diversity in their classrooms. Issues of attitudes and practices towards multilingualism and language teaching are discussed in relation to students-teachers’ professional development/education. Also, through comparisons between the two groups of students of the modules, the results are expected to explore some common ground assumptions on the differences between language teaching for children and adults (in the refugee context) but also potential nuances and elements of distinctiveness in the two areas.
Wor(l)d order and coloniality in language education for migrants. Key ideas for thinking otherwise
Authors: Dell’Olio Francesca
Published: July 2019

Migration has become an important phenomenon in the contemporary world. In receiving countries, language policies have been put into place to offer migrants education in the national language, in order to give them tools to communicate with and to create a feeling of belonging to the local community. These policies claim to be integration policies; however, they are frequently based on a concept of languages disconnected from the notions of knowledge, culture, politics and power. Languages are shaped in a specific global order and in local practices, in which power relationships that respond to a political, social and economic world system are enmeshed. This paper uses “key-ideas” constructed from data generated in classroom observations and open-ended interviews in Padova, Italy and São Paulo, Brazil as theory promoting insights, and also reflects on the concepts of language, nation and integration. I will engage in a dialogue with the readers, stimulating reflection on encounters with the “other” and on the implications of actions when situated in contexts that are based on a homogenous concept of language, nation and culture. Moreover, through the theorization of coloniality, this article aims to offer a diversified reading of these encounters, suggesting that a process of subordination of the other is put into place by hierarchizing languages and their epistemic meanings. Together with theory, some questions will be offered to stimulate readers in the process of developing their own pedagogical activities.