bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Juicios morales y fronteras biológicas: más allá de la frontera razón / emoción
Authors: Cabezas Mar
Published: September 2013

Construimos fronteras con supuesta base biológica y derivamos juicios morales de ellas. Asimismo, suponemos que fueron nuestras emociones —el miedo, el asco o la rabia— las que nos llevaron a tal error, especialmente cuando nos damos cuenta de la inconsistencia lógica de derivar juicios morales de dichas fronteras. En consecuencia, solemos identificar emociones con prejuicios, creencias u opciones falaces de las que más nos valdría librarnos.
Sin embargo, como se tratará de argumentar a continuación, las emociones no son la causa del problema. Primero, porque el marco conceptual clásico dicotómico en el que razón y emoción son dos polos opuestos regidos por una tensión irreconciliable es a su vez cuestionable. Segundo, porque las emociones, en cuanto alarmas transmisoras de información relevante, pueden ser un elemento tremendamente útil en la identificación y superación de las discriminaciones surgidas de las fronteras dicotómicas. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la relación de estos tres elementos, a saber, fronteras biológicas, juicios morales y emociones y, finalmente, argumentar a favor de las conexiones entre razón y emoción, mostrando los posibles beneficios de remplazar el modelo dualista por uno relacional.
Performance Analysis of Bit Error Rate in Full-Duplex Wireless Communications with Analog Cancellation Error
Authors: He Zhao Jun , Shao Shi Hai , Shen Ying , Qing Chao Jin , Tang You Xi
Published: September 2013

Recent work has shown the full duplex transmission scheme to allow nodes to send and receive in the same frequency at the same time. In this paper, we investigate the impact of analog cancellation error on the bit error rate (BER) performance of full duplex wireless communication system. Considering the transmission delay error, amplitude error and phase error of analog cancellation, we derive the analytic BER expression of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. The analysis results show that BER generally decreases with timing and amplitude error decreases for fixed signal to interference rate (SIR). Compared with the ideal analog cancellation system, the performance loss 0.3dB when the phase error is 0.0001 degree, carrier frequency is 800MHz and SIR is 100dB.
RETRACTED: The Adhesion Properties of Parylene-C Thin Films
Authors: Chuang Chin Tun , Tsai Fa Ta , Kuo Ming Jun , Yu Pei Chi
Published: September 2013

Retracted article: This work aims to enhance the adhesion of Parylene-C (poly-chloro-p-xylylene C) thin film on PMMA, Glass and Aluminum substrates by chemical vapor deposition, surface improvement and treatment of substrate as well as analysis of film on Glass, PMMA, Aluminum and its surface adhesion by dipping under A-174 silane solution and conducting on plasma treatment (18 W). The results show that: (1) After oxygen-plasma pretreatment, the surface roughness of the 200nm-thickness film on glass substrate specimens decreases from 18nm to 7nm. (2) After dipped in prescription solution pretreatment, the residual stress reduces from 107MPa to 64MPa on glass substrate specimens. (3) The critical load of 600nm-thickness film increases from 14.1 to 18.5mN, showing the substrate after dipped in prescription solution pretreatment can improve the adhesion of the Parylene-C thin film on flat glass substrate specimens.
Mathematical Modelling the Low-Pressure Nitriding Process
Authors: Wolowiec Emilia , Kula Piotr , Januszewicz Bartłomiej , Korecki Maciej
Published: September 2013

This paper discusses the issues of modelling and smart computer support for low-pressure nitriding aimed at achieving more effectively the compatibility between the actual post-treatment properties of a material and the designed properties, which will contribute to improved repeatability of the processes. The principal objective of the experiment was to acquire better understanding of the cause and effect relationship of the low-pressure nitriding processes and to develop the methodology of designing functional and effective processes of low-pressure thermochemical treatment, using effective computational methods. The paper proposes a method of steel classification based on its chemical composition and a model used to forecast the properties of material after low-pressure nitriding, based on the artificial neural networks.
Research on Life Cycle Cost Modular Evaluation System of Green Building Materials: Based on Entropy Decision Making Method
Authors: He Wei Yi , Meng Fan Rui , Gao Xi Zhen , Li Zhuo Wei , Li Ke
Published: September 2013

Chinese urbanization is developing rapidly; green building materials need an evaluation system to overcome the cost disadvantage that compared with the normal building materials. The life cycle cost (LCC) of the green building materials is the remarkable difference and also advantages in contrast to the normal building materials. An LCC evaluation system for green building materials has been set up by 4 modules; it is the first step to develop the evaluation software. To find an optimal design scheme, the entropy decision making method was used to support the decision maker to compare the different design schemes, and to calculate the best material selected scheme.
A Comparative Study of the Selective Oxidation of NH3 to N2 over Transition Metal Catalysts
Authors: Wang Wen Qin , Tang Xiao Long , Yi Hong Hong , Hu Jing Li
Published: September 2013

Cu-Mn/Al2O3, Cu-Mn/TiO2and Cu-Mn/SBA-15 were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. The activity of those catalysts for selective catalytic oxidation (SCO) of ammonia to nitrogen at low temperature (100°C~250°C) is not so satisfying. 5%Cu-5%Zr/TiO2has the highest NH3conversion and highest NO, NO2yield. 5%Cu-5%Mn/Al2O3is a promising NH3selective catalytic oxidation catalyst, but still needs further study. SBA-15 is a bad support for Cu-Mn. Al2O3-based catalysts and TiO2-based catalysts were also prepared by incipient wetness impregnation to sure the synergistic effect between transition metal. The results find the activity on Cu-Mn/Al2O3is better than Cu-Mn/TiO2, but NH3conversion on Cu-Zr/TiO2is rather well with high yield of NO. The role of supports and transition metals play in catalyst are discussed by a series of experiments. Key ward: SCO, NH3, transition metal, γ-Al2O3, TiO2, SBA-15
Research on Single Distribution Center Logistics Transportation Scheduling Problem Based on Static Road Capacity Constraints
Authors: Chen Yu Qiang , Yang Wei Jun
Published: September 2013

Related Vehicle Routing Problem is another form of Vehicle Routing Problem. RVRP also belongs to NP-Hard with a wide range of application areas and major economic value. The research based on single distribution center RVRP with road capacity static constraint, to build a model of single distribution RVRP and propose a kind of chaos genetic algorithm to solve this problem, with experiments verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm.
Desorption of Anthracene from Soil in Presence of Surfactant and Nanomaterial
Authors: Ding Ai Fang , Chen Chang Yun , Liu Qin Pu
Published: September 2013

Surfactant LAS and nanomaterial taxoite were used to study their effects on anthracene desorption from artificially contaminated soil. The results show that the desoption of anthracene from soil is affected by the type and concentration of materials. Two type of materials with low concentration dont improve anthracene desorption from soil. While, they could enhance the desorption process with the concentrations increasing, especially surfactant LAS. The desorption and solubility ratios of anthracene from soil are 18.55% and 17.11% with the concentrations of surfactant LAS being0.2g/g. However, their ratios are only 3.91% and 2.21% with nanomaterial taxoite.
Study on Optimization Quartz Mine for Removal Gas-Liquid Inclusions in Quartz Sand under Microwave and Acid Corrosion
Authors: Yin Rui Ming , Jing Li , Hou Qing Lin , Chen Lin Zhang , Lu Li
Published: September 2013

Using Gas Chromatography and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), the content of metal impurity element and gas-liquid inclusions in natural crystal and ordinary silica mine of different mining area had been studied. The characteristics of silica mine which was suitable for microwave-acid etching process to remove gas fluid inclusion in quartz sand had been discussed.Our results showed that the silica mine which had low content of impurity, less content of gas-fluid inclusion and high water filling degree was suitable for the microwave-acid etching process to remove gas-liquid inclusion in quartz sand; the content of metal element impurities in quartz sand from Madagascar was nearly close to the primary natural crystal, had less content of gas-fluid inclusion and high water filling degree, and was suitable for the microwave-acid etching process to remove.
Use of 8D Method to Solve Problems
Authors: Kaplík Pavol , Prístavka Miroslav , Bujna Marián , Viderňan Ján
Published: September 2013

If organizations want to be successful, they must quickly adapt to changing conditions in a competitive environment, must be flexible and must quickly resolve situations and problems occurring in organization. We use different tools and methods to solve these problems. One of these methods is Eight Disciplines Problem Solving (8D). The 8D method is a structured problem solving process. This method helps to correctly and timely solve problems. It is used when the cause of problem is unknown or when the solution to problem is beyond the capabilities of a single worker. This method is also used to improve products and processes
Preparation of Electrodeposited Cr-Nd Coating and its Properties
Authors: Liu Xiao Zhen , Zhang Bo , Song Ling Ling , Yu Xiao Dong , Shen Yan
Published: September 2013

Cr-Nd coating was prepared by electrodeposition method. The microhardness, wear weight loss and friction coefficient of Cr-Nd coating were studied respectively. The Cr-Nd coating were characterized with ICP-AES, EDAX, XRD and SEM techniques, respectively. The micro-hardness and the wear weight loss, friction coefficient of the Cr-Nd coatings are higher and lower respectively than that of the Cr coating. The microhardness of the Cr-Nd is as high as 815.6 HV, which is higher 4.16% than that of the Cr coating (783.0 HV). The wear weight loss of Cr-Nd is lower 1.33 times than that of Cr coating. The friction coefficient of Cr coating and Cr-Nd coating are 0.896 and 0.714 respectively. There are crystalline CrC in Cr-Nd coating. There are nodules on Cr coating surface. There are not nodules on Cr-Nd coating surface. Cr-Nd coating surface is smooth.
The Numerical Simulation and Optimization in Squeeze Casting of the Air Conditioning Compressor Front Cover
Authors: Yang Hai Bo , Wang Guang Liang , Chen Xue Wen , Xu De Ying
Published: September 2013

Using the ProCast casting simulation software to make squeeze casting process simulation and analysis of the solidification process of the air conditioning compressor front cover and predict the location of gas volumes and shrinkage defects in the filling process. When adjusted the process parameters, volumes gas defects were eliminated, but there was still shrinkage occurs in the center. When imposed a secondary pressure on the central part, shrinkage was eliminated.
The Wave Propagation through the Imperfect Interface between Two Micropolar Solids
Authors: Fu Chong , Wei Pei Jun
Published: September 2013

in this paper, the reflection and transmission problem of the coupled transverse displacement and transverse rotational waves at the imperfect interface between two different micropolar solids are studied. First, the boundary conditions between two micropolar solids with imperfect interface are used to derive the linear algebraic equation sets. Then, the linear algebraic equation sets are solved numerically and the results are shown graphically. Finally, the influence of the interface parameter reflecting the imperfect degree of interface on the reflection and the transmission coefficients are discussed based on the numerical results.Keyword: reflection and transmission, imperfect interface, micropolar solid, coupled waves.
Three-Dimensional Digital Design for Osteotomy in the Treatment of Congenital Hemivertebra
Authors: Ding Huan Wen , Yu Guang Wen , Tu Qiang , Shen Jian Jian , Wang Ying Jun
Published: September 2013

To establish a new three-dimensional (3D) digital design method for osteotomy and assess its application value in the surgical treatment of hemivertebrae. Preoperative 3D digital designs for osteotomy of the hemivertebrae were performed, which included computer simulation of the osteotomy and the internal fixation process, and computer-assisted design (CAD) of the templates for osteotomy of the hemivertebrae, pedicle screw positioning, and internal fixation rods. Template-guided osteotomy of the hemivertebrae plus pedicle screw and rod internal fixation were accurately implemented. The preoperative use of this new computer-aided 3D digitized and paperless surgical design can improve the safety, accuracy, and operative time for osteotomy in the treatment of hemivertebrae.
Measuring Land-Use Efficiency in Land Management
Authors: Auzins Armands , Geipele Ineta , Stamure Iveta
Published: September 2013

Assessing the land-use measures systematically is an essential procedure in providing sustainable land management practice. Land-use efficiency (LUE) may be measured by using a methodological framework that prescribes the conditions, integrated methods, models, classifications, an indicator system, and sequential evaluation procedures. This paper focuses on development of measuring techniques to assess the LUE on the basis of systems approach and discusses the challenges of measuring LUE according to established methodological framework. The findings of the study show that chosen integrated research methods in distinct variations according to the introduced evaluation framework may be applied for measuring LUE. Systematic evaluation of LUE is necessary to support a decision-making in land-use management and to promote a land use in better and more efficient way.
Fusibility Characteristics of Slag from Fluidized-Bed Gasification of Jincheng Anthracite
Authors: Li Feng Hai , Li Zhen Zhu , Ma Ming Jie , Huang Jie Jie , Fang Yi Tian
Published: September 2013

To investigate fusibility characteristics of slag from Jincheng Anthracite (JC) pressurized ash agglomerate fluidized bed (AFB) gasification of Jincheng Anthracite (JC), the slag samples were examined by an ash fusion temperature (AFT) analyzer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the AFTs of three kinds of slag are lower than that of JC greatly, and the AFTs of three kinds of slag decrease from the slag formed that on the central tube (SC) to distribution plate (SD) to inner face (SI), as a result of the increase of total base content and the differences in their mineral compositions accordingly. Not all slag during AFB gasification are composed of molten mineral matters. This can be explained that the phenomena that the slag formation during fluidized-bed gasification when the operating temperature is below the AFTs of coal.
Numerical Optimization of Oilfield Heating Furnace Research
Authors: Dong Jie Nan , Su Xu , Chen Tong , Wang Miao , Li Xiao Xu
Published: September 2013

In this paper,using numerical simulation tools PHOENICS for numerical simulation study is made on furnace gas burning in the hearth, and analyses furnace oil furnace temperature distribution in the flow field characteristics the internal flow field of oil field heating furnace hearth temperature distribution characteristics. On this basis, this paper establisheda mathematical model which can truly describe the chamber internal physical and chemical changes, selected the appropriate numerical simulation methods, plotted the actual temperature profile case, which can reflect the qualitative and quantitative actual situation of work.Finally suggestions are given, which provides the theoretical foundation for the next step and the actual research.
Research on Performance of Current Transformer Affected by DC Bias
Authors: Wang Huan , Mao An Lan , Xiang Qiong
Published: September 2013

This paper expatiates on the transfer characteristics of current transformer (CT) affected by DC bias. It explains the causations and approaches of the DC bias established, base on equivalent circuit models, electromagnetic equations and results of test analyze the effects of CT by DC bias. Result indicates that, the DC bias current will move error curve of instrument CTs to negative coordinate, and accelerate initial saturation time of protective CTs. Finally, simulation has been done to prove theory analysis. The presented result provides consultation for proper selection of both instrument and protective CTs.
Output Impedance Modified Based Waveform Control for Single Phase Inverter
Authors: You Jiang , Zhang Guo Qian , Zhou Xin , Zhang Yu Jia
Published: September 2013

Repetitive control (RC) has the ability to compensating periodical disturbance and it is an effective way to improve the output waveform of inverter loaded nonlinear load, but the dynamic response is slow. From the perspective of output impedance, state feedback control is used to configurate the pole of the system so that it can modify the ouput impedance characteristic of the system, increase the damp ratio and promote the dynamic performance of the system. The simulation results show that the proposed compound control strategy make the system has advantages of good output waveform and fast dynamic response.
Efficiency Analysis on Treating Industrial Waste Gas and City's Industry Scale
Authors: Shang Qing Chen
Published: September 2013

Industrialization combined with Urbanization makes city an industrial center as well as a core pollution source, which becomes the key for present pollution treatment. In this paper, the relationship between was cost of waste gas treatment and industrial scale for a city is investigated. By regression analysis, its found that pollution treatment technology is no obviously different in main cities of China so far, rough pollution treatment is still the main treatment way which will be more efficient when the pollution treatment volume reaches some scale.
Experimental Study on the Spray of Mercury Removal Performance of Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewater
Authors: Pan Si Wei , Tang Nian , Hu Jiang Jun , Kuang Ji Fu , Qi Min , Ye Kai
Published: September 2013

For coal-fired power plant boiler flue gas desulfurization wastewater’s actual spraying proposed combination bag house dust while mercury removal process. Experimental study of the coal-fired boiler flue gas spraying chlorine ions and other halogens desulfurization wastewater modified fly ash flue gas mercury performance. Studies showed that desulfurization wastewater fly ash on chloride ion enhanced oxidation of elemental mercury, with the increase in the amount sprayed desulfurization wastewater, flue gas mercury capacity increased. Desulfurization wastewater add another halogen element can promote flue gas mercury performance, the effect of iodine was the most significant, followed by bromine. The desulfurization wastewater as a modified liquid sprayed into the flue modified fly ash, fly ash can improve mercury removal performance, eliminate the need for desulfurization wastewater treatment, cost savings, achieve desulfurization wastewater recycling.
Phenol Removal from Aqueous Solution by Microwave Combined with Granular Active Carbon
Authors: Yuan Dong , Fu Da You , Gui Ming Sheng , Tan Wen Yuan
Published: September 2013

The removal of phenol from aqueous solution was evaluated by using microwave technique assisted with active carbon. The effective factors such as the concentration of phenol , active carbon dosage, microwave power and irradiation time on the removal rate were investigated. When the concentration of phenol was 150 mg/l, active carbon dosage was 6 g/l, microwave power was 500 W, and irradiation time was 8 min, the removal ratio of phenol reached 95. 03%. The research on kinetics suggested that the process of treatment accords to the first-order reaction.
Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Sea Level Rise to Changjiang Estuary Deepwater Navigation Channel Area
Authors: Wang Yuan , Gu Jie , Ma Dan Qing , Wang Xiao Li , Yang Ji Zhong , Hu Tian
Published: September 2013

The study used MIKE21 to establish a two-dimensional mathematical model of Changjiang Estuary, doing a numerical simulation about the changes of the velocity along the South and North Passage and the flow spilt ratio of them with different ranges of sea level rise. The results show, with sea level rise, in the North Passage, the rise and fall velocity will increase from beginning to middle, and will reduce at outside, and the flood flow will enhance, the ebb flow will weaken, so it will result in fall deposition here; in the South Passage, the rise and fall velocity will increase at beginning, the rise velocity will reduce and the fall velocity will increase from middle to outside, and the flood flow will weaken, the ebb flow will enhance, so the river will be scoured, it will be conducive to the rivers development here.
The Design and Realization of Mineral Resources Management Information System Based on GIS
Authors: Yang Yu Li , Dang Xing Hai
Published: September 2013

The traditional means of mineral resource management is backward, to this problem, The paper put forwards the mineral resource management information system based on GIS , the system is established by GIS and database technology. From the following aspects discuss the design and realization of the system , such as system requirement analysis, the design of system database and function modules,the realization of the system function,The system can effectively improve the management level and lay a foundation for mineral resources information.
Physicochemical Characteristics of Monascus-Fermented Soy Sauce
Authors: Hsiao Wen Yu , Gu Kao Long , Weng Yih Ming
Published: September 2013

A traditonal soy sauce (S1) and two types of Monascus-fermented soy sauces (S2 and S3) were prepared. Biochemical changes during the aging of soy sauce mash were examined. During a 180-day fermentation period, titratible acidity, pH, brown color, total nitrogen, formaldehyde nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and amino nitrogen were determined. After the 180-day fermentation, the final total acidities for S1, S2 and S3 were 2.52, 2.52 and 2.65 g lactic acid/100 mL, respectively; the pH values for S1, S2 and S3 were 5.0, 5.0 and 4.9, respectively. The final total nitrogen contents for S1, S2, and S3 were 1.84%, 1.84% and 1.85%, respectively. The final amino nitrogen contents in soy sauce S1, S2 and S3 were 0.56, 0.56 and 0.57 g/100 ml. The amino acid composition of glutamic acid content in three soy sauces S1, S2 and S3 were 10.88, 11.0, and 11.37 mg/mL.
Develop of Downhole Simulation Tests Device near the Pump Suction for Corrosion
Authors: Gao Fei , Wu Qiong , Min Jiang Ben , Jiang Mei Ting
Published: September 2013

At present, the corrosion of the casing near downhole pump suction port is common in some domestic oilfield. In order to study the corrosion mechanism, we design and manufacture a dynamic simulation test device for the corrosion of the casing near downhole pump suction port.The device adopts the single plunger pump and tube and casing string in line with site structure to simulate the intermittent production mode of pump as well as the fluids flow state near the pump inlet adequately, and achieves the corrosion velocity measurement and the research of corrosion behavior under different temperature, CO2 partial pressure, and velocity. The preliminary experimental results show that the test device has the advantages of reasonable structure, strong simulation and practicality; it provides new methods of testing for the related experimental study under the condition of different corrosion mechanism and has good application prospects.
The Study on Effects of Associated Gas Generations in Oilfield Grid
Authors: Fan Li , Zhang Fan
Published: September 2013

The basic situation of associated gas generations (AGGs) in Changqing Oilfield has been introduced in this paper. The conception of power loss contribution degree is used to analyze the power loss under different conditions of AGGs. And the idea of reactive effect rate is proposed to express the relation between AGG and grid, and the causes of insufficient reactive power are given simultaneously. Moreover, the method of reliability-network-equivalent is used to study the reliability evaluation pre and post the AGGs paralleling. The results of calculation indicates that controlling of capacity and installation site, increasing the reactive power and improving the performance of AGGs equipments should be important measures.
Influence of Microscopic Pore Structure on Reservoir Producing Status Analysis by Mercury Injection
Authors: Chen Ling Yun , Liu Yi Kun , Liang Shuang , Wang Yong Ping , Wang Xue Ming , Liu Qian
Published: September 2013

To guide the potential tapping and carry out adjustment plan, the conventional mercury injection experimental data in coring well X is analyzed by Logistic Regression analysis in SPSS 18 software. The main influence factors on reservoir producing status in the data are screened, which are the main factors from the data on microscopic pore structure; the relationship between microscopic pore structure and producing status is analyzed by capillary pressure curve and water-washing data. The result shows that, the influence of microscopic pore structure on producing status of un-tabulated reservoir is more powerful than its influence on that of tabulated reservoir; the main factor on producing status in mercury injection data of tabulated reservoir is average pore radius, the main factors on producing status in mercury injection data of un-tabulated reservoir is pore distribution peak position, permeability distribution peak value and maximum withdrawal efficiency.
The Optimal Extraction Path of Exhaustible Resource with Environment Cost
Authors: Yao Shu Zhi , Yan Xiao Xia , Zhang Jin Suo
Published: September 2013

Assuming in the perfectly competitive market, using the optimal control theory and making the social welfare as the maximization target, the paper studies on environment cost which impacts the optimal extraction path of exhaustible resource. The special case result shows that: the time of optimal exhaustion increases with the addition of marginal environmental cost, the price has negative linear correlation with the marginal environmental cost, and the optimal extraction has positive linear correlation with the marginal environmental cost.
Expression Methods of Visual Communication Design in Multimedia Design
Authors: Hao Ya Wei
Published: September 2013

Because of the combination of different kinds of art and technology, multimedia design, compared with traditional media creation, has more rich and complex expression methods. Multimedia owns the overlap between time and space in deep virtual space, providing creative platform and various thinking angle for designers. Multimedia design includes a wide range of expression ways. Its dynamic quality, flexibility, vitality and narrative feature improve its value further. This paper analyzes the expression and reasonable application of visual elements in the media design process for showing the expression function of visual pictures, composition and color.
The Rubber Elasticity of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogel Networks
Authors: Adrus Nadia , Ulbricht Mathias
Published: September 2013

We report here on the characterization of classical bulk poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogel networks. The classical PNIPAAm hydrogels were prepared from N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) as a main monomer and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAAm) as a crosslinker. The viscoelastic character of bulk hydrogels was examined using rheological measurements under frequency sweep mode (20 °C). A range of frequency, ω from 0.1 to 100 rad/s, was employed as this is a typical range for rubber plateau. Within this range, almost frequency independent of storage moduli (G'; ~ 104 Pa as a function of hydrogel compositions were obtained. Indeed, the perfect soft-rubbery behaviour of PNIPAAm hydrogels could be confirmed and thus enabled the estimation of mesh size. Interestingly, the mesh size rubbery hydrogels determined from rheological data was in a good agreement to that from swelling experiments (~ 4 to 9 nm).
The Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Behaviour of Bamboo Fibre Filled Natural Rubber Composite
Authors: Zainathul Akhmar Salim Abdul Salim , Nurul Aizan Mohd Zaini , Mohd Muhiddin Ahmad , Siti Sarah Jamil , Nor Hazwani Zainuddin
Published: September 2013

For decades, carbon black is the most preferred reinforcing filler in rubber industry especially in tyre manufacturing. Carbon black which originated from crude oil is a non renewable source that may diminish over time. Therefore, an alternative from natural source is needed to replace carbon black as the reinforcing agent in rubber industries without so much affecting the physical and mechanical properties of the final products. Since bamboo is an abundant natural source in Malaysia and proved to be one of the strongest natural fibres comparable to other building materials like steel, concrete, and timber that have been subjected to lot of studies, bamboo seems to be the best alternative to replace carbon black in reinforcing rubber. Bamboo chips were first treated using alkalinisation method and dried before ground to 180-250μm to improve the interfacial adhesion with the rubber matrix. The bamboo fibres were then incorporated into rubber through compounding process at different loading. The cure characteristics of the composites were determined at 150oC using rheometer. The curing times were then used to vulcanise the rubber compounds using a hot press. The mechanical behaviour of the bamboo fibre filled natural rubber composite like tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness are then evaluated by taking the optimum loading of carbon black as the comparison. The strength of the composite were decreased and become harder as the fibre loading were increased. The weak adhesion of fibres to rubber matrix and uneven particle size distribution of fibres contribute to the fracture of the composites. These can be observed through the surface morphological analysis of the composite by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Research on Optimization of the Electric Cylinder Buffer Made in Polyurethane
Authors: Lu Yun , Li Wei Jia , Wang Xiao , Li Jian Feng
Published: September 2013

The buffer made with polyurethane is widely used in light industry, automotive industry and mechanical industry especially in the electric cylinder of small and medium sizes because of its compact structure, economics and process ability convenient. Firstly, the properties of nonlinear material and the constitutive relation of the polyurethane were analyzed, above on which the compression and shear tests of the polyurethane material were conducted to determine its physics parameters. Then the mechanical tests of polyurethane material were simulated in the finite element simulation software ABAQUS by input the parameters obtained from the mechanical tests. The parameters were proved to be correct by the testimony of the result of the simulation and the mechanical tests. Then buffers of different sizes with practical condition were simulated. During the simulation, this paper researched the maximum deceleration of the mass block in models with different sizes of polyurethane buffers. Lastly, the size of the buffer with minimum volume which is agreed with the request of the maximum deceleration of the mass block is obtained by data handling, above on which a database was built.
Technological Status and Tendency of Modern Blast Furnace
Authors: Zhang Fu Ming , Cao Chao Zhen , Meng Xiang Long , Li Lin
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the present status and challenges of blast furnace (BF) ironmaking technology are analyzed, and the developing tendencies of the modern BF ironmaking technology are mentioned. The significance and function of high blast temperature and oxygen enriched-pulverized coal injection for BF ironmaking are described. The key technologies of high blast temperature, oxygen enriched, and pulverized coal injection (PCI) are discussed and evaluated emphatically. Promoting blast temperature and improving oxygen enrichment ratio, as well as enhancing PCI rate which are important guarantee for saving fuel consumption, reducing operation cost, and realizing sustainable development. There are broad developing prospects of modern BF process under the condition of high blast temperature and low fuel ratio ironmaking technologies are applied.
Interoperability Challenges of ERP Implementation in a Collaborative Manufacturing Environment
Authors: Ma Yong Sheng
Published: September 2013

The paper tries to address the common challenges that many small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are facing: the manufacturing data integration with a collaborative manufacturing environment with low volume and high mix production orders. The research focus is on the interoperability between the existing and a new ERP system, as well as the collaboration scheme among different suppliers and partners in a supply chain model.
Studies on the Material Anisotropy Influence in Case of Sheets Made From Magnesium Alloy AZ31B on the Stress Concentration Factor in the Presence of a Circular Concentrator
Authors: Pintilie Gheorghe , Albut Aurelian
Published: September 2013

This paper presents an experimental study regarding the behaviour and the durability o a magnesium alloy sheet designed with a circular stress concentrator, tested for different angles between the tensile direction and the rolling direction of the sample material. To perform this study the experimental tests has been carried out on samples machined for different angles values the material rolling direction and the main axis of the sample: 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°. The experimental tests have been done on samples with and without circular stress concentrator. From the analysis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that the sheet made from magnesium alloy, shows a very pronounced variation of the tensile strength and yield strength depending on the material rolling direction. At the same time, the effect generated by the presence of the circular stress concentrator it is significantly influenced by the anisotropy of the AZ31B magnesium alloy.
Brazing of Aluminum Bimetallic Sheets in the Design of Heat Exchangers
Authors: Olaru Ionel
Published: September 2013

Present heat exchangers should ensure very good heat transfer while having as small size, high durability and the optimum performance at low prices. Thus to achieve these goals is used as base material, aluminum in various forms, of which can be made the heat exchangers energetic efficient. Realization of aluminum heat exchangers can be properly with present requirements using the brazing joint elements. Brazing achieved joining with temperature for two base materials using a filler metal with a melting point above 450°C. A properly brazed joint is performed with a metallurgical connection between two or more metals, which is generally as strong as or stronger than the base metal used.
Nondestructive Assessment of Anticorrosive Aluminium Coatings by Active Infrared Thermography
Authors: Murariu Alin Constantin , Crâsteţi Sandu
Published: September 2013

The thermal sprayed coating layers are commonly used in industrial applications aiming to protect certain heavy loaded components. Depending on the specific application, they may be used as thermal barriers for base materials protection, for increasing the wear resistance or corrosion resistance in aggressive environments. Due to the importance of each specific application, the nondestructive evaluation of these coating layers is a current demand. The paper presents a NDT technique for quality assessment of Anticorrosive Aluminium Coatings by non-contact Active Infrared Thermography (IRT). This NDT method allowed obtaining useful quantitative information on sub-superficial lack of adhesion flaws (size and position). The paper also presents a thermogram processing algorithm for quantitative assessment of components imperfections. This processing algorithm was designed and implemented using the JavaTM technology, based on the following modules: image enhancing, image pre-processing, histogram and flaw area evaluation. The functionality of each module is described and illustrated by examples consisting of both monochrome (grey) and colour thermographic image sets.
Investigation of the Repair Welding Technology Using Ni Base Electrode
Authors: Odanović Zoran , Arsić Miodrag , Grabulov Vencislav , Djurdjević Mile
Published: September 2013

Metal materials are subjected to innumerable time-dependent degradation mechanisms when operate in power, petrochemical and refinery plant. These materials are subjected to multiaxial stresses, creep, fatigue, corrosion and abrasion. As a result of service especially at high temperatures and high pressures, can lead to forming cracks, damages or failures. In situation of breakdown in such systems there is a need for weld repair on plant components and repair work can be expensive and time-consuming. Most weld repairs of low alloy steels require high-temperature post weld heat treatment (PWHT); but in certain repairs, however, this is not always possible. Expenses of the repair work could be reduced if the weld repairing is performed on site. Application of the nickel based filler metal can be alternative to performing PWHT. These repair welding procedures with Ni based filler metal could be categorized as cold repair welding. Purpose of presented investigation was to compare a repair welding technology with filler austenite material based on Ni and without application of the PWHT, with a classical repair welding procedure with preheating and PWHT and using a filler metal with chemical composition similar to parent metal. Properties comparison of the welded joints obtained by these two repair welding technologies was performed for the Cr-Mo steel (13CrMo4-5) by the metal arc welding procedure with covered electrode (MMA - 111). Weldability analysis by the analytical equations and technological tests for determination of the sensitivity to crack forming for cold and hot cracks by the CTS and Y tests, were performed for both repair welding technologies. Tensile tests, absorbed energies tests, banding tests and hardness measurements were performed on trial joins. Light optical microscopy (LOM) was applied for microstructure analysis. The fracture toughness for both technologies, were estimated by the calculated stress intensity factor KIc and dynamic stress intensity factor KId for weld metal and heat affected zone. All of the obtained results were analyzed and discussed. It was concluded that repair welding technology with Ni base filler material without PWHT, enables welded joints without the appearance of cracks, with a good mechanical properties, slightly higher hardness in the HAZ, but with lower expenses compared to standard repair welding technology. In applying this technology in emergency welding repairing on-site, on the equipment and industrial facilities with high security requirements, inspection using non destructive technique has to be frequently applied compared to standard procedures.
Determination and Analysis of the Dynamic Loaded Screws by Structural Analysis, Fractography and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Kutin Marina , Prokolab Milan , Ristic Marko , Alil Ana , Gligorijevic Bojan
Published: September 2013

This paper analysis the causes dynamically loaded screws failure, using the structural analysis of mechanical properties and numerical simulation. The comparison with the new unbroken screws, which were not in use, has been done to determine the condition of the broken (dynamically loaded) ones. Analysis was performed, according to the following test methods and activities: non-destructive testing, visual inspection, radiographic testing, chemical analysis of screws sample materials, mechanical properties of screws' materials. Structure analysis of screws materials: Testing macrostructure (light optical microscope, SEM-EDS) examination of the microstructure (light optical microscope, SEM-EDS), fractographic examination.
Numerical simulation of the stress state of the dynamically loaded screws was done in CATIA software package, and it was identical to the bolt loads, during service exploitation. The results between numerical simulation and structural analysis were quite coinciding - the difference is about 8-10%, which is pretty good for these types of experiments. Such an overlap, says that the stress value at the very screws is reliable and give us a true picture of loadings. Structural mechanical tests have shown a very pronounced effect of dynamic loads, that large shear stress shows also as a good agreement, where between the stresses, obtained by numerical simulation and structural mechanical testing. Analysing the results, obtained by numerical simulation and structural mechanical testing were performed with the redistribution of critical stresses, and proposal for the structure optimization.
The comparative analysis methods have been provided the precise prediction of fracture appearance and made possible to define the preventive measures.
Computer Simulation Paradigm Regarding the Structure and Mechanical Characteristics of Human Long Bones
Authors: Cofaru Ileana Ioana , Brîndaşu Paul Dan , Cofaru Nicolae Florin , Roman Lucian
Published: September 2013

Given the complex form of the long bones, a quality method of geometrical modeling which provides a good result is that of the 3D modeling by reconstruction, using the principles of reverse engineering. One of the important problems that shall be taken into consideration while modeling is the one concerning the real structure of the bones. This aspect presents a lot of importance because from the point of view of the mechanical behavior, the bones are neither homogenate structures. In this paper a study of the long bones structures is undergone, and in relation to the modelated element (the human tibia) it is divided in areas (called constructive-anatomical entities) of different mechanical characteristics and in consequence of this they are being modelated in 3D.
Research on Motion Control System of Clamping Thin-Walled Tube Based on PID Neural Network
Authors: Xie Chu Xiong , Gao Chun Fu , He Xin Sheng , Dai Zuo Cai
Published: September 2013

As for the shortcomings of poor rigidity and strength of weak of thin-walled tube parts, a device of an adaptive PID controller which based on neural network has been proposed by regarding the thin-walled tube fixture system as the research object. The controller which integrates the characteristics of neural network and PID regulator can realize the self-tuning of PID parameters effectively and make the control system equip with the feature of fast response, small overshoot and strong robustness etc. Simulation results show that the controller can meet the system requirements commendably and it can implement the automatic chucking control of the thin-walled steel cutting process with fast and non-destructive in the experimental prototype.
Effect of Surface Fluorination on the Charge/Discharge Properties of High Potential Negative Electrode TiO2(B) for LIBs
Authors: Saito Morihiro , Nakano Yoshiyuki , Takagi Mikihiro , Maekawa Takuma , Tasaka Akimasa , Inaba Minoru , Takebayashi Hitoshi , Shodai Yoshio
Published: September 2013

Surface fluorination of TiO2(B) powder was conducted by pure F2 gas at room temperature for 1 h and the effect on the charge/discharge properties was examined as a negative electrode of Li-ion batteries (LIBs). X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern was not changed before and after the surface fluorination though the peak intensities became weaker than that of the pristine sample, indicating the etching of the surface of SF-TiO2(B) power. This was supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. However, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis clearly revealed that F atoms exist on the surface of TiO2(B) particles and probably were covalently bonded with Ti atoms near the surface. From the charge/discharge tests at a C/6 rate, the SF-TiO2(B) exhibited a higher 1st discharge (203 mAh g-1) than the pristine sample (181 mAh g-1) with a good cycleability. Impedance analysis revealed that both resistances of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film and charge transfer at the SEI /active material interface were reduced by surface fluorination, implying the improvement of SEI film and permeability of the electrolyte solution to the interphase. The rate capability was improved by the surface fluorination up to 1C rate, at which the SF-TiO2(B) exhibited a high discharge capacity of around 150 mAh g-1.
Preparation of Potassium Niobate/Barium Titanate Nanocomposite Ceramics with a Wide Barium Titanate Particle Size Distribution and their Dielectric Properties
Authors: Fujii Ichiro , Yamashita Kenta , Nakashima Kouichi , Fujikawa Yoshinori , Tanaka Daisuke , Furukawa Masahito , Magome Eisuke , Moriyoshi Chikako , Kuroiwa Yoshihiro , Wada Satoshi
Published: September 2013

Denser, solvothermally synthesized KNbO3 (KN) / BaTiO3 (BT) composites with heteroepitaxial interfaces were prepared using the barium titanate powder with a wide particle size distribution. The relative density was 68 - 80 %, which was larger than that of the composites prepared using the barium titanate powder with a narrow particle size distribution. The dielectric constant was 300 450 and it was maximized at the KN/BT molar ratio of 0.5. The origin was discussed with the microstructure and crystal structure.
Computing Simulation of the Influence of Plate Design, Material, and Screw Positioning on Biomechanical Behavior of Ulna Bone Plates
Authors: Toth-Tascau Mirela , Bălănean Flavia , Krepelka Mircea , Rusu Lucian , Toader-Pasti Cristian
Published: September 2013

Throughout history, fractures have been treated by immobilization, traction, and internal fixation. Construction of a stabilization system composed of bone plate and screws combination depends on factors such as type of fracture, biomechanical behavior of stabilization system, and surgical preference. In this study, the influence of plate design, material properties, and screw placement was investigated through the use of Experimental Design and Finite Element simulation. A three dimensional model of the ulna bone was reconstructed from computer tomography images and a simple oblique fracture was simulated. The fracture was stabilized in different modes, using combinations of three different design plates with the material properties of stainless steel and titanium alloy fixed with three, four, and six screws. The biomechanical behavior was compared in terms of equivalent stress and total deformation. Results showed that the fixation mode and plate design have the largest influence on the biomechanical behavior of the bone-plate assembly.
An Electrical Field Numerical Simulation of Implantable Pacing Electrodes
Authors: Savastru Cristina , Morega Alexandru M.
Published: September 2013

The heart functions normally when the impulses are produced at a rate of 80 bpm. When less than 60 bpm are triggered, pacemakers may be necessary to sustain the electrical activity of the heart. Pacemaker systems used in cardiac resynchronization therapy are made of an implantable pulse generator, leads, and unipolar or bipolar electrodes. They are aimed to simulate the cardiac depolarization, to sense intrinsic cardiac functions, to provide information stored by the system for deeper diagnosis. This paper presents a mathematical model and numerical simulation results on the ionic current distributed by the electrodes, in the absence of concentration gradients, in the cardiac tissue. The external electrical resistance variation with the anode to cathode spacing obtained by this approach may be used in the design phase of the device.