bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHEMOKINES CCL17 AND CCL22 IN SARCOIDOSIS
Authors: Lazareva N. M. , Baranova O. P. , Kudryavtsev I. V. , Isakov D. V. , Arsentieva N. A. , Liubimova N. E. , Ses’ T. P. , Ilkovich M. M. , Totolian A. A.
Published: October 2021

Various immune cells as well as related cytokines are involved in immunopathogenesis of sarcoidosis and mechanisms of granuloma development. Currently, a role for chemokines in sarcoidosis has been extensively investigated, which is paralleled with a search for key molecules necessary for recruiting immune cells to intrusion site and granuloma formation as well as affecting outcome of the latter. Our study was aimed for determining level of plasma CCL17/TARC and CCL22/MDC chemokines in patients with sarcoidosis who received no immunosuppressive therapy is of high priority for clarifying some aspects in underlying immunopathogenesis as well as seeking out for secure clinical and laboratory criteria for assessing activity and disease prognosis. We studied peripheral blood plasma samples of the patients with sarcoidosis (n = 52). In 37% (19/52), they exhibited acute clinical manifestations, and 63% (33/52) had chronic sarcoidosis. The control group included peripheral blood samples from healthy volunteers (n = 22). The chemokine concentrations (pg/ml) were determined by multiplex analysis using xMAP technology (Luminex), and Milliplex MAP test system (Millipore, USA). In the patients with sarcoidosis, significantly higher levels of chemokines were shown relative to healthy volunteers: CCL17 – 78.24 pg/ml vs 26.24 pg/ml, p < 0.001; CCL22 – 660.60 pg/ml vs 405.00 pg/ml, p < 0.001. Evaluation of clinical and laboratory diagnostic characteristics for plasma chemokine levels in sarcoidosis patients allowed to assess their sensitivity and specificity. The respective values were as follows: in acute sarcoidosis: for CCL17 – 63% and 78%, CCL22 – 63% and 91%; in chronic sarcoidosis: CCL17 – 58% and 83%, CCL22 – 67% and 86%, respectively. In chronic sarcoidosis the levels of this chemokine correlated with the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), for CCL17 (r = 0.530; p = 0.003), for CCL22 (r = 0.446; p = 0.014). Patients with systemic lesions vs no systemic lesions (sarcoidosis of the respiratory system only) had significantly elevated CCL17 level: 102.82 pg/ml vs 32.72 pg/ml, p = 0.011. The concentration of chemokine CCL17 was significantly increased in patients with vs without signs of hepatomegaly: 130.73 pg/ml vs 51.60 pg/ml, p = 0.022. Levels of chemokines was significantly increased in patients with vs without ultrasound signs of splenomegaly comprising: for CCL17 – 249.18 pg/ml vs 46.87 pg/ml, p = 0.002; for CCL22 – 1271.40 pg/ml vs 660.63 pg/ml, p = 0.003. Thus, it should be noted that the peripheral blood plasma level of chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 may be used as additional prognostic markers in chronic sarcoidosis with varying scoring of clinical signs including with/without systemic disease manifestations.
COVID-19: OBSERVATIONS ON STANDARD TREATMENT ALGORITHMS
Authors: Borukaeva I. Kh. , Abazova Z. Kh. , Temirzhanova F. Kh. , Yusupova M. M.
Published: October 2021

In this article, a retrospective analysis of the medical histories was carried out in order to develop an individualized approach to treating COVID-19. Questions were raised about the advisability of the universal immunosuppressive therapy, the need to prescribe glucocorticosteroids only taking into account the cytokine profile of patients, the relationship of glucocorticosteroid therapy and carbohydrate metabolism disorders, as one of the most common complications of pharmacotherapy COVID-19 in the patients we studied. Unjustified immunosuppression in the stage of active fight against the infectious agent as a factor of chronization of the process and decrease of the body reactivity, as well as neutralization by immunosuppressive therapy of factors of protection of innate non-specific immunity mobilized to fight the causative agent. The importance of taking into account the probability of thrombosis with consideration of coagulogram indices and thrombosis markers (D-dimer, fibrin degradation products) does not exclude the risk of the hemorrhagic complications when prescribing high doses of anticoagulants. Antibacterial therapy for uncomplicated viral infections is neither an etiologic nor a pathogenetic treatment option. In addition, it leads to the emergence of resistant strains of microorganisms as a result of mutational variability and evolutionary adaptations of bacteria, which greatly complicates the choice of an effective antibacterial drug in some cases. Antithrombotic, glucocorticosteroid and antibacterial therapy should be clinically and laboratory justified in each individual case. The article focuses on the safety of prescribing antipodagric agents in the treatment of COVID-19 as anti-inflammatory. The review considers all the above-mentioned aspects of COVID-19 therapy with reference to foreign studies, describes options for the pathophysiological development of infection. We note the need to develop systematic data on coronavirus, changes that the pathogen induces in the body. This will allow the development of innovative and effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of the new coronavirus infection.
EFFECT OF DNA CONSTRUCTIONS ELECTROPORATION ON DENDRITIC CELLS
Authors: Bulygin A. S. , Tereshchenko V. P. , Zavodskii R. Yu. , Obleukhova I. A. , Sennikov S. V. , Silkov A. N.
Published: October 2021

Today transfection of mammalian cell with DNA or RNA construction is the only method for delivering programmed information into the cell nucleus. Electroporation is most commonly used method of transfection in experiments with dendritic cell. The aim of electroporation is to permeabilize the membrane by passing electric impulse through the cell. Due to the increase permeability of the membrane chance DNA or RNA construction getting inside into the cell is increased, wherein survival of the cells is decreased.

In the study male mice C57Bl/6 line 2-4 months old were used. From femur bones was isolated 20 × 106 bone marrow cells, which were cultured in 20 mL of complete RPMI-1640 for 7 days. To generate dendritic cells from BM cells, 100 ng/mL of rmFlt3-L was added to culture media at day 0. After 7 days of cultivation, the cell cultures were electroporated with control noncoding plasmids p5 (EP P5) or pmaxCCR9 encoding mouse chemokine receptor CCR9 (EP CCR9). The controls were cell cultures electroporated without any plasmids (mock EP) and cell cultures without electroporation (none EP). 5 × 105 cells were electroporated and resting for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, cells were harvested and seeded into 24-well plates in 1 mL of culture medium and conditioning medium (1:1). Then, 50 ng/mL of Flt3-L was added to each well. The next day, transfected cells were collected and used for flow cytometry, qRT-PCR analysis.

It was found that after electroporation in the groups mock EP, EP P5, EP CCR9 relative amount of live CD11c+ dendritic cells was significantly less than in the non EP group. Moreover, in the EP P5 and EP CCR9 groups the frequency of live CD11c+ dendritic cells was significantly less than in the mock EP group. Expression of the CD86 marker in the EP P5 and EP CCR9 groups was significantly higher than in the non EP and mock EP groups. Expression of the I-AB(MHCII) in the EP CCR9 group on cDC2s was significantly higher than in the non EP group. On plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and conventional type 2 DCs (cDC2s) in the EP CCR9 group expression of CCR9 was significantly higher than in the non EP group. Therefore, in this study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of electroporation, accompanied by the decrease in the survival rate and maturation of DCs.
FACTORS OF CONGENITAL AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF INTRAUTERINE GENERATED CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION
Authors: Levkovich M. A. , Kravchenko L. V. , Afonin A. A. , Krukier I. I. , Levkovich A. Yu. , Nikashina A. A.
Published: October 2021

Subject: to assess a role of factors of innate and adaptive immunity in the development of intrauterine generalized cytomegalovirus infection.

The study included 47 newborns with congenital generalized cytomegalovirus infection comprising group I. Based on the data of clinical and laboratory examination, all newborns studied were divided into two subgroups. Subgroup 1.1 (29 subjects) consisted of newborns with severe CMVI and subgroup 1.2 (18 subjects) – newborns with moderate CMVI. The control group included 26 newborns without herpesvirus infection.

Determination of the number of monocytes expressing Toll receptors (TLR) was performed by laser flow cytometry (Beckman Coulter) using Beckman Coulter, HyCultBiotechnology reagents: FITC-CD282+, CD284+, CD286+, and PE-CD14+. The newborn serum concentration of IFNγ, IFNα, IL-6, IL-8 was determined by ELISA using BenderMedsistems test systems.

Intrauterine generalized CMVI with complete clinical symptoms in newborns was characterized by a decrease in the number of monocytes expressing TLR-2 and TLR-6, which was associated with a decrease in the level of IFNα, IFNγ, an increase in the level of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1. The subgroup with incomplete clinical symptoms CMVI was characterized by a decrease in the level of IFNα, in combination with an increase in the level of IL-6. The identified immune disorders lead to a reduction in the antiviral immune response and determine the severity of the disease in prenatally infected newborns.
FEATURES OF MONOCYTE POLARIZATION AT DIFFERENT OUTCOMES IN WOMEN WITH RECURRENT MISCARRIAGE
Authors: Grigushkina E. V. , Sotnikova N. Yu. , Kroshkina N. V. , Malyshkina A. I. , Talanova I. E.
Published: October 2021

Currently, in the pathogenesis of recurrent miscarriage, a special role is given to immunological factors, in particular the role of innate immunity. The aim of the study was to assess the relative content of monocytes in the peripheral blood producing IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFNγ, as well as to identify new criteria for predicting the outcome of pregnancy in women with the threat of early termination and recurrent miscarriage. Materials and methods. 88 pregnant women at 5-12 weeks’ gestation were examined, the main group consisted of 59 women with recurrent miscarriage and threatened miscarriage at the time of the study, the control group – 29 women with uncomplicated pregnancy without recurrent miscarriage. The main group, depending on the outcomes of pregnancy, was subdivided into subgroups: subgroup I – 42 women whose pregnancy ended in timely delivery, subgroup II – 8 women with preterm labor, subgroup III – 9 women with abortion up to 22 weeks (spontaneous miscarriage and non-developing pregnancy). In the control group, all women had a timely delivery. Research material – peripheral venous blood. The relative content of IL-4+, IL-6+, IL-10+, IFNγ+ monocytes was assessed on a FACSCanto II flow cytometer using monoclonal antibodies. Statistical data processing was carried out using a package of standard applied programs. Results. In the group of women with recurrent miscarriage and threatened miscarriage, the relative content of IL-10+ and IL-4+ monocytes was reduced and the content of IL-6+ monocytes was increased compared to the control group (p = 0.0001 in all cases). There were no statistically significant differences in the content of IFNγ+ monocytes in the compared groups (p = 0.069). With a relative content of IL-4+ monocytes equal to 26.7% or less, preterm labor is predicted. With a relative content of IL-10+ monocytes equal to 27.0% or less, abortion (spontaneous miscarriage or miscarriage) is predicted in gestational age up to 22 weeks. An increase in the ratio of IFNγ+/ IL-4+, IFNγ+/IL-10+, IL-6+/IL-4+, IL-6+/IL-10+ monocytes was found in the main group (p < 0.0001 in all cases ). Conclusions. In women with recurrent miscarriage in all subgroups, the level of M1 monocytes prevailed over the level of M2 monocytes. The data obtained allowed the development of new prognostic criteria for termination of pregnancy up to 22 weeks and premature birth.
MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS COMPARED WITH MICROVESICLES-BASED THERAPY IMPACTS IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELLS IN MICE WITH CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE
Authors: Khabalova T. S. , Androsova Yu. E. , Kaschenko E. A. , Ivanova I. P.
Published: October 2021

Mesenchymal stem cells which have both pluripotent and immunoregulatory functions are being actively studied as one of the treatment ways in many fields of medicine, including rehabilitation in nephrology. However, in some articles were dedicated to the treatment of different organic pathology with MSC’s was proved that the only reported effects from the application of MSC’s in regenerative medicine are that, after transplantation to damaged organs, in a paracrine manner they may inhibit apoptosis of cells, promote angiogenesis for a better blood supply, and in some cases stimulate cells that have survived in damaged tissues to proliferate in order to replenish dying tissue fragments. In other words, the pro-reparational functions were due to their paracrine effects without the impact of differentiation. Microvesicles are one of the components of this pro-regenerative effect. And although immunoregulatory action has been shown for MSCs, it remains poorly understood for microvesicles.

The aim of this study was to study the immunoregulatory properties of microvesicles (MSC-MB, MB) in comparison with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). The experiment was carried out on CBA mice 3-4 months old, a model of glycerol-induced chronic renal failure (CRF) was used. MSCs were obtained from the bone marrow of syngeneic mice of the tibia and femur. MVs were obtained by apoptosis by culturing in a serum-free medium under oxygen deprivation conditions. MSC and MSC-MB were injected into the tail vein of mice; organs were harvested on the 11th day after administration of MSC and MSC-MB.

The state of cellular immunity in mice with chronic renal failure (CRF) after the introduction of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and microvesicles derived from them (MSC-MB) on the 11th day of the experiment was assessed by flow cytometry. As a result, there was a decrease in the number of T-regulatory cells CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+, an increase in the content of CD4+ CD44+ CD62+ and CD8+ CD44+ CD62+ memory T-cells.

The effect of MVs was not significantly different from that of MSC. This may indicate that the therapeutic properties of MSCs are determined to a greater extent, if not completely, by MSC-MB.
PROPORTION OF NAIVE CD45RA+ AND CD31+T-CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS UNDER STIMULATION WITH HOMEOSTATIC FACTORS IN VITRO
Authors: Blinova E. A. , Grishina L. V. , Sizkov A. E. , Kozlov V. A.
Published: October 2021

Much attention of researchers is directed to study the role of factors of homeostatic proliferation in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, however, the effect of IL-7 and IL-15 on the phenotype of naive T cells  has not yet been sufficiently investigated in the pathology. The aim of this study was to investigate the proportion of CD45RA+ and CD31+ naive cells among CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes from healthy individuals and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) upon stimulation with IL-7, IL-15 in vitro. In peripheral blood, we did not find any differences in the number of CD45RA+ and CD31+ cells between the group of donors and group of RA patients. In donors, stimulation by a combination of IL-7 with IL-15 promoted an increase in the proportion of CD4+CD45RA+ and CD8+CD45RA+  relative to their level in the peripheral blood. Whereas in RA patients the number of CD8+CD45RA+ cells decreased under IL-15 and the combination of IL-15 with IL-7 compared to the control without stimulation, and it, as a proportion of CD4+CD45RA+ cells, significantly differed from the content of these cells  under the same conditions in donors. There were no significant differences in the content of CD31+ cells and the number of CD31+ cells proliferating to cytokines, both between the groups of donors and patients with RA, and between different culture conditions. Thus, we can say that under the factors of homeostatic proliferation, there is a proportional increase in CD31+ T cells number, both in donors and in patients with RA. At the same time, naive T cells from donors  retain the expression of CD45RA during cultivation, while naive T cells from patients partially lose it. The obtained data  indicate that in RA, under  factors of  homeostatic proliferation  the phenotype of naive T cells is converted into the phenotype of memory T cells.
ROLE OF GSK-3 IN Wnt/β-CATENIN SIGNALING PATHWAY IN OBESITY
Authors: Kulakova A. S. , Snimshchikova I. A. , Plotnikova M. O.
Published: October 2021

The complexity of the adipogenesis mechanism results from the impact of multiple cues, among which an important place is held by the components of the Wnt signaling pathway. The search for potential markers of the development of diseases related to obesity aroused an interest in the study of GSK-3 (glycogen synthase kinase), β-catenin. GSK-3β is an intracellular serine / threonine kinase found in the cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, synthesized in all body tissues and involved in regulating metabolic processes, cell proliferation, apoptosis etc. The first of the discovered functions of GSK-3β was the regulation of glycogen synthesis. Active GSK-3β phosphorylates and thereby inhibits glycogen synthase. As a result of the insulin binding to the cell receptor via inositol-3-phosphate, protein kinase B (Akt1) is activated, which, in turn, phosphorylates and inhibits GSK-3β. In addition, GSK-3β is involved in the regulating glucose metabolism. The most important function of GSK-3β is the inhibition of the β-catenin protein. In a resting cell, GSK-3β in complex with the APC and Axin proteins binds and phosphorylates the β-catenin transcription factor, which leads to its ubiquitination and degradation. When Wnt proteins act on the cell, the Dvl protein is activated, which, by binding to GSK-3β, releases β-catenin, preventing its degradation, however, the role of GSK3α/β in the adipocyte inflammatory response has not yet been fully investigated, therefore it seems promising to study the role of GSK-3 in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in obesity

The aim of the study was to assess the activity of the components of the Wnt signaling pathway in obese patients by measuring the serum level of GSK-3 and β-catenin. There were enrolled 32 patients with progressive forms of I-III degree obesity in the absence of diabetes mellitus. The concentration of serum GSK-3α, GSK-3β, and β-catenin was measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Data are presented as absolute and relative (%) number of patients; arithmetic mean; medians, 1 and 3 quartiles – Ме (Q0.25-Q0.75). Obese patients contained a 7.5-fold increased serum level of GSK-3α (785 (371-1317.5) pg/ml) compared to healthy individuals 105 (102.5-110) pg/ml, (p < 0.001), paralleled with increased amount of GSK-3β, which level in obese patients was 295 (190-695) pg/ml, which is by 18.3% higher than those in healthy individuals 241 (218.75-287.5) pg/ml, p = 0.111. Amount of GSK-3 depending on the degree of obesity tended to increase, most often coupled to decreased β-catenin level which is consistent with the literature data and can be considered as a prognostic criterion for the course of pathological processes in obesity.
SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF FoxP3 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATION
Authors: Kologrivova I. V. , Suslova Tatiana E. , Ryabov V. V. , Shtatolkina M. A. , Koshelskaya O. A. , Trubacheva O. A. , Kravchenko E. S.
Published: October 2021

The key cellular and molecular factors being involved in the resolution of inflammation following acute myocardial infarction remain poorly understood. T-regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes are characterized by the extreme potential to regulate the strength and direction of immune responses during the myocardial injury. The functional activity of Treg-lymphocytes depends upon the transcription factor forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3). It may be also expressed in conventional T-lymphocytes at the stage of their activation. Nuclear localization of FoxP3 is a prerequisite factor determining its ability to impact the suppressive functions of Treglymphocytes.

The aim of the present study was comparative evaluation of FoxP3+T-lymphocytes frequency and counts, combined with estimation of FoxP3 subcellular localization, in patients with acute myocardial infarction and chronic coronary syndrome and examination of changes of these parameters in the short-term follow-up of patients with myocardial infarction. The study included 14 patients with chronic coronary syndrome (8 males; 6 females; 63.2±9.0 y.o.) and 5 patients with acute anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (4 males; 1 female; 61.4±11.2 y.o.) at days 1, 3 and 7 after the event. The frequency of FoxP3+ conventional and regulatory T-lymphocytes was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells together with estimation of the level of FoxP3 nuclear localization by imaging flow cytometry.

Patients with infarction were characterized by the decreased counts of FoxP3+Treg-lymphocytes compared to patients with chronic coronary syndrome, and exhibited even further decrease in the counts of FoxP3+Tregcells at day 7 after infarction, while frequency of Treg and conventional T-lymphocytes did not differ significantly. The level of FoxP3 nuclear translocation was lower both in Treg and conventional T-lymphocytes in patients at day 1 post-infarction compared to patients with chronic coronary syndrome. Absolute counts of FoxP3+Tregs with nuclear FoxP3 localization remained significantly lower both at days 1 and 7 post-infarction compared to patients with chronic coronary syndrome.

Thus, here we demonstrated that FoxP3 nuclear localization experiences decrease in the course of acute myocardial infarction and may serve as a more sensitive marker of changes in Treg-lymphocyte functioning than simple evaluation of their frequency.
Role of renal denervation in the treatment of arterial hypertension: a review
Authors: Orekhov A. Yu. , Karazhanova L. K.
Published: October 2021

Regardless of the fact that arterial hypertension is the focus of modern cardiology, resistance to therapy is still an important public health problem with adverse medical, social, and economic consequences. Aim of study: systematizing the available results of studies of the effectiveness of renal denervation in the treatment of patients with resistant AH. Search within databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library) was performed for randomized controlled studies of second-generation catheterassisted renal denervation and sham-controlled studies. We have used PRISMA protocol for preparing our paper. The neutral results of the SYMPLICITY HTN-3 study significantly weakened the interest of practical cardiology in this procedure, however recently published data from the EnligHTNed IDE, SPYRAL HTN OFF MED, and SPYRAL HTN-ON MED studies confirmed the effectiveness and safety of the technique. As the result the second-generation catheters (multielectrode catheters) used for renal denervation confirmed the effectiveness and safety of the procedure, and also expanded the technique usage beyond resistant hypertension. However, the question of the reliability of long-term effects of the procedure still remains, as well as establishing mechanisms to identify predictors of planned intervention responsiveness.
Bilirubin and cardiovascular risk
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Kravchenko A. Ya. , Budnevsky A. V. , Kontsevaya A. V. , Ryaskina M. S. , Chernik T. A.
Published: October 2021

This literature review demonstrates the results of experimental and clinical studies, as well as data from meta-analyzes on the effect of bilirubin levels on cardiovascular system. Recent studies provided a new look at the role of bilirubin in cardiovascular disease. Modern concepts consider bilirubin as a powerful endogenous antioxidant with anti-inflammatory effects, capable of influencing the course of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and reducing ischemic damage. The change in bilirubin levels affects the coronary blood flow, the development of collateral circulation and the morphology of coronary plaques. A low bilirubin level is associated with an increase in left ventricular mass and a decrease in its contractility, which, in turn, leads to heart failure and increases the risk of rehospitalizations. Taking into account the above effects of bilirubin, there was interest in assessing the effect of its blood level on the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have attempted to create risk stratification models for adverse cardiovascular events based on bilirubin levels.
Impact of preoperative mild cognitive impairment on cerebrovascular events and cognitive status in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: data from 5-year follow-up
Authors: Syrova I. D. , Trubnikova O. A. , Tarasova I. V. , Maleva O. V. , Semenov S. E. , Lozhkin I. S. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To assess the incidence of cerebrovascular events and cognitive status in the long-term period after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with and without preoperative mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Material and methods. This prospective study involved 115 patients aged 45 to 69 years, who were admitted to the hospital for elective on-pump CABG. All patients underwent clinical, laboratory, ultrasound, neuroimaging and neuropsychological examination 3-5 days before and 5-7 years after CABG. Cognitive functioning was assessed using screening neuropsychological scales and neuropsychological testing with an assessment of neurodynamics, attention and short-term memory. Pre-CABG MCI was diagnosed based on the criteria by R. Petersen et al. Therefore, the patients were divided into two groups: with (n=51) and without MCI (n=64).

Results. It was found that strokes and dementia during the long-term postoperative period of CABG were observed only in the group of patients with preoperative MCI (7,84%). Five-seven years after CABG, a decrease in cognitive status according to neuropsychological scales was found in all patients (p≤0,05). A decrease in neurodynamics, attention and short-term memory compared to the preoperative level was found in 47,92% of patients with preoperative MCI, without MCI — in 40,63%. Neurodynamic disorders occurred equally frequently in both groups (63,8% and 57,8% of patients, respectively). Memory impairments were more often observed in patients with MCI (55,3%) compared to those without MCI (34,4%) (OR=2,36, 95% CI, 1,09-5,12, p=0,03). According to brain multislice computed tomography in the group with preoperative MCI, the number of patients with cysts and leukoaraiosis 5-7 years after CABG was higher than in those without MCI (p≤0,05).

Conclusion. In the long-term (5-7 years) postoperative period of CABG, more than 40% of patients demonstrate a decrease in cognitive status, regardless of preoperative data. At the same time, preoperative MCI is associated with adverse cerebrovascular events and dementia, accompanied by morphological brain abnormalities. Due to the revealed facts, it is necessary to optimize approaches to drug treatment and secondary prevention of cognitive decline after cardiac surgery.
Practical efficacy and safety of Konsilar D24 in patients with hypertension: data from the KONSONANS program
Authors: Konradi A. O. , Galyavich A. S. , Kashtalap V. V. , Lopatin Yu. M. , Lyamina N. P. , Nedogoda S. V. , Nedoshivin A. O. , Nechaeva G. I. , Ratova L. G. , Shaposhnik I. I.
Published: October 2021

Aim. In practice, to evaluate the efficacy, safety and long-term adherence to therapy with a fixed-dose combination of ramipril/indapamide (Konsilar-D24) in patients with grade 1-2 hypertension (HTN) who have not achieved blood pressure (BP) control with prior therapy or have not taken antihypertensive therapy.

Material and methods. This multicenter open-label observational program included 524 patients with grade 1-2 HTN who did not take antihypertensive therapy or did not reach the target BP level with mono or dual antihypertensive therapy, as well as patients shifted to Konsilar-D24 therapy no later than two weeks before the start of the program. All patients signed a written informed consent to participate in the program. The safety analysis set includes all patients who have taken at least one dose of a fixed-dose combination of ramipril/indapamide and have visited physician at least once during the program. The effectiveness analysis set included all patients in the safety population who completed the study in accordance with protocol (n=511). Clinical systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP) and heart rate were assessed at baseline, as well as at 0,5, 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment. A post hoc subgroup analysis of changes in BP and heart rate was performed depending on age, sex and baseline body mass index.

Results. The fixed-dose combination of ramipril with indapamide significantly reduced SBP and DBP after 2-week treatment (-20,9±10,1 mm Hg; p

Conclusion. Despite the limitations inherent in observational studies, the KONSONANS program has demonstrated high efficacy and safety of fixed-dose combination of ramipril/indapamide taken once a day in hypertensive patients. Ramipril/indapamide fixed-dose combination therapy significantly improved BP control and achieved even lower individual target BP levels in the majority of hypertensive patients.
Cardiovascular status and echocardiographic changes in survivors of COVID-19 pneumonia three months after hospital discharge
Authors: Krinochkin D. V. , Yaroslavskaya E. I. , Shirokov N. E. , Gultyaeva E. P. , Krinochkina I. R. , Korovina I. O. , Mamarina A. V. , Osokina N. A. , Melnikov N. N. , Trifanova T. A. , Gorbatenko E. A. , Petelina T. I.
Published: October 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects the function of all organs and systems. Today, studying the effect of COVID-19 on cardiovascular system, including on echocardiographic characteristics, is relevant.

Aim. To study the prevalence of symptoms, cardiovascular disease and changes in echocardiographic data in persons after documented COVID-19 pneumonia 3 months after discharge from the hospital.

Material and methods. The study included 106 patients after documented COVID-19 pneumonia. The patients underwent a comprehensive examination during hospitalization and 3 months±2 weeks after discharge from the hospital. The mean age of participants was 47±16 years (19-84 years); 49% of subjects were women.

Results. Three months after hospital discharge, the symptoms persisted in 86% of examined patients. There were significant echocardiographic changes as follows: a decrease in LV end-diastolic, end-systolic and stroke volume (113,8±26,8 ml vs 93,5±29,4 ml; 37,7±13,0 ml vs 31,3±14,2 ml; 77,2±17,8 ml vs 62,2±18,7 ml, respectively, p<0,001 for all). The right ventricular anteroposterior dimension and the pulmonary trunk diameter decreased over time (26,0 [24,0-29,3] mm vs 25,0 [23,0-27,0] mm, p=0,004; 21,7±3,6 mm vs 18,7±2,5 mm, p<0,001), the same as the pulmonary artery systolic pressure, estimated by tricuspid regurgitation gradient (28,0 [25,0-32,25] mm Hg vs 21,5 [17,0-25,0] mm Hg). The right atrial volume (42,0 [37,0-50,0] m><0,001), the same as the pulmonary artery systolic pressure, estimated by tricuspid regurgitation gradient (28,0 [25,0-32,25] mm Hg vs 21,5 [17,0-25,0] mm Hg). The right atrial volume (42,0 [37,0-50,0] ml vs 31,0 [22,0-36,5] ml, p<0,001) a><0,001) and maximum width (36,1±4,6 mm vs 34,5±6,5 mm, p=0,023) decreased, while the right atrial maximum length increased (46,7±6,8 mm vs 48,6±7,1 mm, p=0,021).

Conclusion. In survivors of COVID-19 pneumonia three months after hospital discharge, complaints persisted in 86% of cases. Cardiovascular diseases were detected in 52% of participants, including hypertension in 48,1% and coronary artery disease in 15,1%. Compared with in-hospital data, the echocardiographic characteristics improved, which was expressed mainly in a decrease in right heart load.
Management of heart failure patients in Russia: perspectives and realities of the second decade of the XXI century
Authors: Lyasnikova E A , Fedotov P A , Trukshina M A , Galenko V L , Prokopova L V , Simonenko M A , Lelyavina T A , Sitnikova M Yu
Published: October 2021

The article highlights the central components of Russian heart failure (HF) management programs in actual clinical practice. The experience of the Competence Center of Almazov National Medical Research Center, as well as opportunities and prospects for improving the monitoring of decompensated HF.
Informed consent to medical intervention: the figure and role of a doctor
Authors: Alekseeva S. S. , Starodubtsev M. E.
Published: October 2021

Informed consent reflects a patient’s right to decide whether to receive or refuse medical intervention. Ideally, the patient receives all the necessary information from a physician and, consciously, allows the treatment or refuses it. However, in routine practice, a doctor may influence the patient’s decision: both because of professional knowledge, and because of the very fact that a patient seeks medical help. It follows from this that voluntary basis of a patient’s consent can hardly be absolute, since a doctor often influences his decision to a greater or lesser degree. The article proposes criteria for assessing the admissibility of doctor’s influence on a patient when deciding whether to sign informed consent to medical intervention or to refuse it, using the example of cardiac surgery.;
Communicative competence of a cardiologist: ethical and psychological analysis
Authors: Shnaider Ya. E. , Pavlova E. K. , Seleznev E. A. , Belova M. V. , Zaitsev N. V.
Published: October 2021

The article problematizes the issue behind the standard categories of psychosocial factors, informing a patient about disease, prognosis, treatment methods, etc. The issue of a doctor’s role in interaction with a patient. Although psychological research methods are actively used in cardiology practice, and their results are quite transparent and demonstrate the specifics of patients experiencing the disease, affective states, soping skills, there are still questions about a physician not as a biomedical expert, but as a helping specialist. And although deontological imperatives require quite clear personal qualities from a doctor, the very realization of these qualities should be based on psychological approaches and culturalpsychological categories. As such, the way a doctor interacts with a patient can be described in terms of virtue ethics, which is an integral category that describes personal characteristics. Such characteristics, being implemented directly in clinical communication, could become a universal “recipe” for meaningful cooperation.
Development of personal competencies of a cardiologist
Authors: Kudinova M. A. , Shaydyuk O. Yu.
Published: October 2021

The article considers federal educational and professional standards for doctors’ training from a practical point of view. In contrast to algorithms, clinical guidelines and protocols for healthcare delivery, competence in the field of informing and communicating with a patient and legal representatives requires the humanitarian skills, that is, a fundamentally different methodological point of view. The ways to develop such skills in a general practitioner or a cardiologist during education are not clear. In many countries, research is being conducted on the need for doctors to master not just patient-centered skills, but specific communication skills for cardiology practice. Certain favorable results are evident, but such work is complicated by a completely different epistemological category of this kind of skills than the generally accepted biomedical one, which is usually called clinical.
Rehabilitation after COVID-19. Resolution of the International Expert Council of the Eurasian Association of Therapists and the Russian Society of Cardiology
Authors: Arutyunov A. G. , Seferovic P. , Bakulin I. G. , Bakulina N. V. , Batyushin M. M. , Boldina M. V. , Krstačić G. , Macut Dj. , Salukhov V. V. , Shimosawa T. , Shustov V. V. , Tarlovskaya E. I. , Vrtovec B. , Wanner C. , Aisanov Z. R. , Arutyunov G. P. , Avdeev S. N. , Babin A. P. , Cattaneo M. , Chesnikova A. I. , Ezhov M. V. , Kamilova U. K. , Koziolova N. A. , Lopatin Yu. M. , Mitkovskaya N. P. , Morais J. , Galstyan G. R. , Sarybaev A. Sh. , Sugraliev A. B. , Yavelov I. S. , Essaian A. M. , Zolotovskaya I. A. , Zhangelova Sh. B. , Zyryanov S. K. , Melnikov E. S. , Bashkinov R. A. , Shlyakhto E. V.
Published: October 2021

By the middle of 2021, the official global number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients was close to 230 million, but the number accounting for asymptomatic patients was much higher. Consequences and rehabilitation after COVID-19 are of particular interest and raise many controversial and unresolved issues. On May 18, 2021, the Eurasian Association of Therapists organized an international panel of experts to analyze challenges associated with the post-COVID-19 period. This panel aimed to develop approaches to identify gaps in the discussed issues. This interdisciplinary team of leading experts reviewed the current literature and presented their data to formulate practical guidance on management of patients after COVID-19. The panel of experts also presented recommendations on how to implement the gained knowledge into health care practices.
Сonsensus statement of Russian experts on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cardiotoxicity of anticancer therapy
Authors: Vasyuk Yu. A. , Gendlin G. E. , Emelina E. I. , Shupenina E. Yu. , Ballyuzek M. F. , Barinova I. V. , Vitsenya M. V. , Davydkin I. L. , Dundua D. P. , Duplyakov D. V. , Zateishchikov D. A. , Zolotovskaya I. A. , Konradi A. O. , Lopatin Yu. M. , Moiseeva O. M. , Nedogoda S. V. , Nedoshivin A. O. , Nikitin I. G. , Poltavskaya M. G. , Potievskaya V. I. , Repin A. N. , Sumin А. N. , Zotova L. A. , Tumyan G. S. , Shlyakhto E. V. , Khatkov I. E. , Yakushin S. S. , Belenkov Yu. N.
Published: October 2021

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Smart Classrooms and E-learning
Authors: Pyne Anish
Published: October 2021

Smart classroom is technology-enhanced classrooms that foster opportunities for teaching and learning by integrating learning technology, such as computers, specialized software, audience response technology, assistive listening devices, networking, and audio/visual capabilities. Smart
classroom allows students and teachers to personalize their environment according to their likes and needs.
 A learning system based on formalised teaching but with the help of electronic resources is known as Elearning. E-learning can also be termed as a network enabled transfer
of skills and knowledge, and the delivery of education is made to a large number of recipients at the same or different times.
 Learning is not how much one can cramp up. It's rather the knowledge that remains after one forgets what he/she learned in schools. Thus we emphasize on
learning the concepts with the help visuals and activities. To keep such view the smart learning was introduced. The Smart Learning approach provides learners of all ages and walks of life with a framework and a host of Smart Thinking Tools that motivate higher levels of understanding. Through
the process learners activate and build background knowledge, process information, transform their learning into a product that shows what they know, and reflect on their learning. Structured talk and assessment as and for learning are carefully woven into the process to build a thoughtful
context for learning and to advance the thinking of all learners.
What Today's Student Think: A Comprehensive Psychological Study of Today's Education System
Authors: Deb Sukanya , Karmakar Soham , Seth Soumyadeep
Published: October 2021

Children are the future of the nation. They are, in fact, the foundation on which a strong, vibrant and dynamic India shall be built. To build a solid foundation for future India , especially within the zeitgeist of recent educational reforms, a change in the fundamental framework within
which school mental health is conceptualized is needed. Focusing on student mental health has become just as essential in schools as teaching youth their current grade-level curriculum. School psychologists play a crucial role in this regard these professionals are responsible for supporting
all students and making sure they thrive not only academically, but also behaviourally, emotionally, and socially. The goal of a school psychologist is to help individual students and entire school communities overcome any obstacles that are preventing or hindering learning. Students faces
a lot of issues starting from depression to ADHD to dealing with excess stress. Young people are even facing so complex challenges that are difficult to navigate. Accordingly, students need guidance to help them navigate tough issues like bullying, divorce, anxiety, eating disorders, and abandonment.
In this present scenario understanding students psychology is of utter importance. This paper discusses the importance of educational psychology to create safe and healthy learning environments for young people. We conducted a survey among some students to know what they changes they want
in their education system . We want a education system where learning is fun instead of a burden.
AVALIAÇÃO DE UM PROGRAMA DE TUTORIA POR PARES NA PERSPECTIVA DA EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA
Authors: Marins Kéren-Hapuque Cabral de , Lourenço Gerusa Ferreira
Published: October 2021

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi propor um programa de Tutoria por Pares, no ensino fundamental - anos finais, e verificar sua influência na participação de um aluno público-alvo da educação especial (PAEE). Participaram um aluno PAEE, três alunos tutores, um professor de Língua Portuguesa e um de Matemática. A coleta de dados envolveu cinco sessões de observações iniciais, trinta contínuas, oito reuniões de tutoria e seis entrevistas iniciais e finais. Utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo para o tratamento dos dados. Evidenciou-se que a Tutoria por Pares contribuiu para a inclusão do aluno com deficiência intelectual no âmbito das interações e na sua capacidade de resposta às atividades em sala, o que culminou no aumento da sua participação e melhoras acadêmicas e sociais.
A construção imagética de uma Belém idílica: trans-historicidade e movimento das imagens nas apólices da Port of Pará
Authors: NUNES MATEUS CARVALHO , NUNES MARCIA CRISTINA RIBEIRO GONÇALVES , EIRÓ JORGE
Published: October 2021

RESUMO Este trabalho analisa uma gravura representativa da cidade de Belém que ilustra uma apólice da empresa Port of Pará. A análise parte de seus aspectos trans-históricos e de suas reverberações imagéticas, a fim de engendrar uma memória coletiva da cidade assente em seus espectros de modernidade. As apólices, ferramentas transacionais mercantis daquele contexto, são fontes documentais historiográficas por representarem o dinâmico cenário pelo qual as estruturas da cidade se movimentavam no auge do ciclo da borracha. Suas gravuras, ao mesmo tempo que são leituras da cidade sob uma perspectiva desenvolvimentista e cosmopolita, também constituem escrituras de uma nostalgia memorial urbana, de projeção visionária de melancolia e utopia. As gravuras são alicerçadas no movimento de imagens devido ao rearranjo das edificações e da morfologia urbana de Belém, representativas de diversos momentos históricos da cidade. Analisa-se aqui, a partir da perspectiva warburguiana, essa operação imagética, que sintetiza o forte caráter idílico de uma certa experiência de modernidade numa capital periférica.
Facilidades e entraves da referência em unidade de pronto atendimento
Authors: Hermida Patrícia Madalena Vieira , Nascimento Eliane Regina Pereira do , Malfussi Luciana Bihain Hagemann de , Lazzari Daniele Delacanal , Galetto Sabrina Guterres da Silva , Torres Giovanna Mercado
Published: October 2021

Resumo Objetivo descrever, na perspectiva de enfermeiros e médicos, as facilidades e os entraves da referência em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento. Método estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento de um município de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Participaram sete enfermeiros e 23 médicos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista individual semiestruturada e analisados mediante a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados as facilidades envolveram: ter serviços de referência especializados; gravidade do paciente; atendimento em “vaga zero”; boa relação entre os profissionais dos serviços de urgência e a empatia. Dentre os entraves, estavam: contato difícil por telefone com os hospitais e a superlotação destes; dificuldade para conseguir transporte, sobretudo, para paciente com situação clínica estável e a falta de ambulância do município. Conclusão e implicações para a prática as facilidades da referência potencializam o atendimento às urgências, porém, os entraves, referentes à vaga hospitalar e ao transporte, podem comprometer a integralidade e a continuidade do cuidado, necessitando de melhorias na atenção à saúde em rede.
Monitoring toppling failures using wireless inertial measurement unit sensors
Authors: Giri Prapti , Ng Kam , Phillips William
Published: October 2021

A topple is a common rock slope failure – and usually the cause of a rockfall – that depends on the slope and rock geometries. This paper presents a laboratory simulation and field generation of a single-column rock topple failure. Innovative inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors were used to collect three-dimensional acceleration and angular velocity data during four laboratory experiments to understand and characterise general toppling behaviours. A topple is identified by the gradual change in at least two gravity accelerations, the continuous increase in at least one of the angular velocities and a significant change in the linear acceleration in the direction of toppling. A field experiment showed similar sensor data patterns to those observed from the laboratory experiments. An isolated-block stability analysis of a single-column topple provides the basis for incorporating the IMU sensors into the development of future monitoring and early warning systems.
Retrospective evaluation of laboratory, radiological and clinical findings of COVID-19 suspected cases with a public health perspective in Adiyaman Training and Research Hospital
Authors: KAYA Ferit , TARHAN Gülnur , AKGÜN Sadık , SAYİNER Hakan Sezgin , ÇİL Ercan , LÖK Uğur , KAFADAR Safiye , BAKİRHAN Furkan
Published: October 2021

Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 cases based on clinical evidence from the perspective of public health. Materials and Methods: The data of 354 people were analyzed which were among the patients admitted to the pandemic hospital in Adiyaman in the study. Results: 70.6% of those admitted to the hospital with suspected COVID-19, 60% of those received inpatient treatment and 61.2% of those who were PCR-positive were male. The median age of those admitted to the hospital was 37 years. 90% were in a good general condition. The median length of hospitalization was 7 days. 14.8% PCR-positive patients required mechanical ventilation. Generally, D-dimer, CRP and WBC levels were poor, which were higher in those receiving intensive care (p<0.05). Conclusion: As a result, the disease seems to be more common among men. CT abnormalities are common. D-Dimer, CRP and WBC levels are associated with severe disease.
Tefsirde İhtilâf Olgusu ve Tercih İlkeleri
Authors: Demir Recep
Published: October 2021

İhtilâf insanî bir durum olup anlama ve yorumun doğasında vardır. Zira her insan kişisel özellikleri ve yaşadığı çevre bakımından diğer insanlardan farklıdır. Yorum konusu olan dinî metnin yapısı da ihtilâfların doğmasında etkilidir. Diğer temel İslâmî ilimlerde olduğu gibi Tefsir’de de ihtilâflardan kaçınmak neredeyse imkânsızdır. İhtilâfların varlığı ve bazen çokluğu tercih meselesini gündeme getirmektedir. İşte bu ihtilâflar arasından tercihin nasıl ve neye göre yapılacağı bu makalenin konusudur. Tercihte bulunurken öznellikten kaçınmanın ve isabetli yorumlar ortaya koymanın temel şartı tercih ilkeleri doğrultusunda bunun yapılmasıdır. Makalede tefsire dair temel kaynaklardan hareketle bazı tercih ilkeleri zikredilecek ve bunların kimi ayetlerin yorumları arasında tercih yapmada nasıl kullanıldığı uygulamalı gösterilecektir.