bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causes of Kidnapping in Nigeria and Proposed Solutions
Authors: Ibrahim Yusuf Kamaluddeen , Ahmad Abdullahi Ayoade
Published: May 2020

Nigeria is a complex society with a rapid growing population of roughly 200 million people. The country has around 500 different languages and 250 distinct ethnic groups. Thus, uniting these complex groups into one unified political entity since the amalgamation of the country in 1914 proved difficult. Comparatively, Nigeria is one of the secured and peaceful nations in the West African sub-region; however, contemporarily, this endowed nation suddenly plunged into waves of kidnapping and other heinous crimes such as armed robbery and banditry. The phenomenon has escalated and led to numerous lives lost, which also crippled socio-economic activities. Generally, as enshrined in chapter 2, section 14(2b) of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria, the security of lives and property is one of the primary responsibility of the state. This study aims to identify the causes of kidnapping in Nigeria and offer some strategic solution to the problem. The study adopted a Qualitative method and also adopt both Marxian and strain theories of crime. The study`s findings through descriptive and historical method shows that abject poverty, corruption and fraud, political influence, joblessness, terrorism, lack of capital punishment by the government, the changing value system and quick-money syndrome are the major causes of kidnapping in Nigeria. Finally, the study went further to profound remedies that will stop the ugly menace of kidnapping in Nigeria, such as job creation, New policy adaptation and implementation, public awareness and empowerment programs, Sim cards registrations, quitting ransom payment, re-modified community policing and stoppage of small and light arms proliferation in the country. Considerably, by adopting such measures, we hope that the menace will perish in Nigeria for a better and productive society.
Electrical resistivity measured by millisecond pulse-heating in comparison to thermal conductivity of the hot work tool steel AISI H11 (1.2343) at elevated temperature
Authors: KASCHNITZ ERHARD , HOFER-HAUSER PETER , FUNK WALTER
Published: May 2020

Selected thermophysical properties of the hot work tool steel AISI H11 (1.2343) were measured in the temperature range from room temperature to the melting temperature. Thermal diffusivity was measured by the laser-flash method; heat capacity by differential scanning calorimetry; linear thermal expansion by push-rod dilatometry; and density at room temperature by an Archimedean balance. From these experimentally obtained data, thermal conductivity was calculated.
Additionally, electrical resistivity of AISI H11 (1.2343) was measured by millisecond pulse-heating in the above mentioned temperature range. The measurement results of electrical resistivity as a function of specific enthalpy was combined with results of specific heat capacity measurements by differential-scanning calorimetry to obtain the relation between resistivity and temperature.
Based on measured electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity, a Smith-Palmer-plot for the hot work tool steel AISI H11 (1.2343) is obtained for the ferritic and austenitic phases. No linear behaviour – as expected by the Wiedemann-Franz law – is observed in the ferritic phase region. In the high temperature austenitic region, the thermal conductivity can be computed from electrical resistivity using empirical constants of similar austenitic steels or superalloys.
Effect of mass evaporation on measurement of liquid density of Ni-based superalloys using ground and space levitation techniques
Authors: NAWER J. , XIAO X. , SANSOUCIE M. P. , MATSON D. M.
Published: May 2020

Loss of mass due to evaporation during molten metal levitation processing significantly influences the evaluation of density, viscosity and surface tension during thermophysical property measurement. Since there is no direct way to track the evaporation rate during the process, this paper describes a mathematical approach to track mass loss and quantify any changes in alloy composition as a function of time and temperature. The Ni-based super alloy CMSX-4 Plus (SLS) was investigated and a model was developed to predict the dynamic loss of mass with time and track the potential for composition shifts throughout each thermal cycle based on the Langmuir’s equation for ideal solution behavior. Results were verified by post-test chemical analysis of key elemental constituents including Al, Cr, Ti, and Co where the error in composition for each element was less than 1% when the activity of aluminum in solution was fixed at zero – effectively eliminating evaporation of aluminum for ground-based electrostatic levitation (ESL) testing in vacuum. This model predicts the mass evaporation for Al and Co within ±6 % errors for CMSX-4 plus samples processed in ESL. Application of this technique to the space tests using the ESA ISS-EML facility shows that by conducting experiments in an inert shielding-gas environment, composition shifts due to differential relative evaporation become negligible and the composition is maintained within the desired limits. By tracking overall mass loss during testing the influence of evaporation on density measurements is discussed.
Thermodynamic and thermophysical properties of Cu-Si liquid alloys
Authors: SOLDI LUCA , QUAINI ANDREA , GOSSÉ STÉPHANE , BRILLO JÜRGEN , ROSKOSZ MATHIEU
Published: May 2020

The Cu-Si system is of primary interest for many industrial applications, especially for waste applications. Due to eutectic reactions and the congruent melting of intermetallic phases, these binary alloys exhibit specific behaviors as a function of temperature and composition. A complete investigation of the thermodynamic and thermophysical properties of such liquid metals that may form is required to optimize such a process at the industrial scale.
To better predict the thermophysical properties of these metallic alloys, measurements of the surface tension are carried out for bulk mole fractions of up to 32%at Si. These experiments were conducted by means of the oscillating drop technique using the electromagnetic levitation method [1]. To better predict the thermodynamics of such liquids during the experiments, these tests were complemented by chemical activity calculations using the Calphad method.
The experimental results obtained from the electromagnetic technique are compared and discussed taking into consideration the Egry model [2], the most suitable one in case of formation of high-temperature intermetallic compounds.
Leive Lund, Yang Jian & Iselin Stensdal (eds.), Asian Countries and the Arctic Future (Singapore: World Scientific, 2015)
Authors: Nielsson Egill
Published: May 2020

Book review of: Leive Lund, Yang Jian & Iselin Stensdal (eds.), Asian Countries and the Arctic Future (Singapore: World Scientific, 2015)
Formación docente universitaria y crisis sanitaria COVID-19
Authors: Suárez Noemí
Published: May 2020

La crisis sanitaria ha puesto a estudiantes y docentes de casi todo el mundo de cara a la educación virtual a distancia como única opción para continuar con los procesos formativos. Muchos de ellos no poseen las condiciones requeridas de disponibilidad de infraestructura tecnológica, acceso a internet y un adecuado ambiente de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Desde una perspectiva pedagógica, la naturaleza radical y abrupta del cambio desafía no solo estas condiciones, sino también al sistema educativo de la Educación Superior en lo referido a las demandas de la sociedad. En este artículo se reflexiona sobre los retos a la formación del docente universitario como agente clave que tiene que acoplarse a las nuevas condiciones de virtualización de manera emergente en el contexto de la crisis y responder al tipo de profesional que exige la sociedad.
Siirtolaisuus ja historianopetus
Authors: Taivalantti Tanja , Rantala Jukka
Published: May 2020

Konferenssiraportti International Society for History Didacticsin (ISHD) konferenssista 9.–11.9.2019 Tutzingissa, Saksassa.
Taaksepäin katsoen
Authors: Ahonen Sirkka , Rantala Jukka
Published: May 2020

Historianopetus on kulttuurisesti ja poliittisesti herkkä alue, jonka sisällöstä ja tavoitteista käydään ajoittain kiistoja. Katsauksessani tarkastelen Suomen historianopetuksen vaiheita toisen maailmansodan jälkeisistä ajoista 2010-luvulle. Viittaan historiandidaktikkourani aikaisiin ammatillisiin keskusteluihin, opetussuunnitelmakehitykseen ja oppikirjojen muutoksiin. Erityisesti painotan kansainvälisen tieteellisen keskustelun osuutta historianopetusta koskevien näkemysten muutoksessa. Peruskoulu-uudistuksen aikana pedagogista ajattelua hallitsi amerikkalainen behaviorismi, joka valoi eri oppiaineet samaan muottiin. Behaviorismin jälkeisen historiandidaktiikan lähtökohtana on historiallisen tiedon ominaislaatu. Historian opetuksen ja oppimisen tutkimus on Suomessa edennyt kahden vastakkaisen tradition ristivedossa. Keskieurooppalainen humanistinen historiandidaktiikka tutkii historiaa identiteettiaineena ja toimii vasta-argumenttina angloamerikkalaiselle positivismille, jota noudattava tutkimus keskittyy kriittisen historiallisen ajattelun taitoihin. 2000-luvun arviointijärjestelmät tukevat positivistista traditiota ja painottavat kriittisen tiedonkäsittelyn harjoittamista kouluopetuksessa. Historianopetuksen politiikassa ovat eri vuosikymmeninä ottaneet yhteen sekä kylmän sodan osapuolet että kulttuurikeskustelun konservatiivit ja liberaalit.
Online Teaching in Writing by Means of Slack Application
Authors: Heryandi Yusep , Said Ishak , Herlina Rina
Published: May 2020

This study deals with online teaching by using ICT in teaching writing skill. This study aimed in investigating the activity of the teacher, the teacher’s perception, and students’ perception to the process of teaching online by means of slack application in students writing skill. A qualitative design with a case study approach was employed in this study by conducting classroom observations and interviews to collect the data regarding the use and the impact of slack application in teaching writing by the teachers in EFL classrooms. The participant of this study were the students at one of senior high school in Tasikmalaya. In analyzing the data, multiple sources of data collection commonly known as triangulation as purposed was employed. The findings showed that the teacher used four steps in optimizing slack application in an online teaching writing. Introducing, memorizing and giving feedback were the strategy in teaching online by using slack application in classroom. This study suggested that English teacher need to apply Online Application as a system and tools to support the teacher in how they give a task, planning, and empowering in their teaching practices.
Electronics structure and optical properties of Mg(BiO2)4 and Mg (Bi0.91Ge0.083O2)4: A first principle approach
Authors: ISLAM Md. Tawhidul , KUMER Ajoy , HOWLADER Debashis , CHAKMA Kamal Bikash , CHAKMA Unesco
Published: May 2020

The new compounds, Mg(BiO2)4 was synthesized and structurally characterized semiconductor. Due to theoretical investigation for both of Mg(BiO2)4 and Mg(Bi0.91Ge0.083O2)4, computational tools were used. To calculated the electronic band structures, the total density of state, the partial density of state, and optical properties were used Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) based on the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhoff (PBE0) using ﬁrst principle method for Mg(BiO2)4. The band gap was recorded 0.545 eV which is supported for good semiconductor. The density of states was simulated for evaluating the nature of 3s, 3p for Mg, 6s 6p, 4d, and 2s, 2p for O atoms. Furthermore, the optical properties including absorption, reflection, refractive index, conductivity, dielectric function, and loss function were simulated which can account for the superior absorption of the visible light. The key point of this research to determine the activity of Ge doped by 11.0%, whereas the band gap, density of state, and optical properties were affected. Analysis of the band gap and optical properties of both of Mg (BiO2)4 and Mg(Bi0.91Ge0.083O2)4, the Ge doped shows the high conductivity than undoped.
Sosialisasi Pencegahan Stunting Untuk Meningkatkan Sumber Daya Manusia Unggul
Authors: Rahmawati Rahmawati , Bagata Desy Try Rahayu , Raodah Raodah , Almah Uun , Azis Mochammad Irfan , Zadi Budi Setio , Noormansyah Danny Ahmad , Khodijah Siti , Al Jauhariy Moh Ridho , Risyki M Fuad , Putri Mira Septiana Kushandika
Published: May 2020

Stunting menjadi isu yang mendesak untuk diselesaikan karena berdampak pada kualitas sumber daya manusia Indonesia di masa depan. Sumber daya manusia adalah faktor utama penentu kesuksesan sebuah negara. Artiek ini bertujuan melihat hulu-hilir sosialisasi pencegahan stunting di Sumber putih Wajak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisa deskriptif. Sumber data berupa analisis dokumen kebijakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, di hulu (level kebijakan) telah ada kebijakan kesehatan desa yang dilahirkan sebagai upaya pencegahan stunting, namun pada kenyataannya angka penurunan stunting masih jauh dari yang ditargetkan. Didesa masih terdapat banyak masyarakat yang belum memiliki penguasaan pengetahuan yang memadai terkait stunting itu sendiri, baik dampaknya, faktor penyebabnya, hingga cara penanggulangannya. Kebijakan penanggulangan stunting terkesan masih berada pada isu stunting seolah masih terdengar asing. Oleh karena itu, masih sangat diperlukan sosialisasi secara massif terkait stunting, dampak yang ditimbulkan, urgensi penanggulangannya, dan upaya penanggulangan stunting pada tataran akar rumput, sebagai bentuk upaya preventif individual tanpa bergantung pada program pemerintah saja, sebab penanggulangan stunting adalah masalah mendesak yang mesti ditangani oleh semua pihak dengan segera tanpa menunggu apapun.
Peningkatan Ibadah dan Amaliah Sosial Berbasis Masjid
Authors: Latuconsina Husain , Nazilatul Ula Nova Septi , Choirunnisa Saraskia Mei , Kurniawati Fanny Maulida , Nuresa Rosi , Zuhri Ahmad Syaifudin , Umbu Nay Shinta Indriani , Arifin Syamsul , Rumkel Rasul Hamidi , Masykuri Ahmad Amirudin , Muzayid Ahmad
Published: May 2020

Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh generasi muda khususnya di desa Mulyoasri Kecamatan Amplegading-Kabupaten Malang adalah ketidakseimbangan antara hamblum minannas dan hablum minallah. Untuk mengatasinya, maka mahasiswa KKN-PPM Tematik  berbasis Masjid yang tergabung dalam kelompok 24 Universitas Islam Malang merancang dan mengimplementasikan program kerja yang didasarkan pada hasil survei dengan metode purposive sampling. Kegiatan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dengan tema “Peningkatan Ibadah dan Amaliah Sosial Berbasis Masjid”, diharapkan dapat menjadi stimulan  bagi generasi muda khsusnya dan masyarakat Desa Mulyoasri pada umumnya untuk membentuk karkter Islami berlandaskan Ahlu Sunnah Waljam’ah. Penanaman karakter Islami bagi generasi muda merupakan faktor yang penting untuk mewujudkan insan kamil  yang dapat menyeimbangkan hablum minannas (hubungan antar sesama manusia) dan hablum minallah (hubungan antar manusai dengan sang pencipta Allah SWT). Untuk dapat mewujudkan kedua hal ini maka diperlukan penanaman nilai-nilai Islam sejak dini, dan peningkatan iman dan ketakwaan melalui pelaksaanaan ibadah sholat 5 waktu, membaca Al-Qur’an, jumat sedekah  dan menjalankan amalan-amalan Islam Ahlusunnah Wal’jamaah yang telah menjadi tradisi masyarakat Nahliyin. Outcome yang diharapkan dari kegiatan ini adalah terwujudnya masyarakat yang berwatak Islam Aswaja untuk menggapi insan kamil
Pemberdayaan Santri Melalui Pembelajaran Enjoyable Learning dalam Membentuk Generasi Seimbang dan Spiritualitas Intelektualitas di Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Hasan Nur , Setyowidodo Gali , Wafa Muhammad Syahrul , Irfan Muchammad , Riadi Subhan , Annafisah Khirzah , Alfanny M Ilham Rio , Aprilia Irma , Faizin Tuba Gus , Rizkiyah Novidatur , Qowim Ahmad Nailu Minhajjil
Published: May 2020

Era revolusi 4.0 menjadi era yang digadang-gadangkan menjadi era keberhasilan pada sejarah manusia. Era tersebut menuntut manusia harus mampu bersikap seimbang dalam menyikapi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, kemampuan santri dalam spiritualitas dan inteklektualitas merupakan suatu keharusan yang wajib miliki oleh santri milenial, apabila keduanya seimbang maka santri tidak akan teromabang ambing oleh perubahan zaman yang begitu cepat. Pembelajaran Enjoyable learning merupakan langkah awal untuk merubah mindset santri dalam memahami agama dari mindset tradisional menjadi mindset intelektual religius yang mampu menghadapi segala kemungkinan perubahan zaman. Dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini pengabdi menggunakan metode  Parti­cipatory Action and Learning System (PALS). Metode ini merupakan salah satu metode pemberdayaan sasaran yang merupakan ba­gian dari PLA (Participatory Learning and Action). Dengan metode ini, maka masyarakat sasaran (pesantren) diperlakukan sebagai subjek sekaligus objek dalam kegiatan Pengabdian kepada masyarakat, Sasaran pengabdian ini adalah pondok pesantren Miftahul Ulum Annur yang berada di Desa Majangtengah Kecamatan dampit Kabupaten Malang. Hasilnya adalah mengadakan  sarasehan pada santriwan dan santriwati tentang model pembelajaran yang menyenangkan (Enjoyable Learning)  oleh pemateri secara khusus dengan menyajikan materi-materi yang mengandung unsur motivasi agar santri siap menghadapi era revolusi 4.0 yang mengharuskan terpondasikan jiwa spiritual yang kuat dan seimbang dengan in telektual yang sangat mumpuni.
Low-level viremia and cirrhotic complications in patients with chronic hepatitis B according to adherence to entecavir
Authors: Lee Seung Bum , Jeong Joonho , Park Jae Ho , Jung Seok Won , Jeong In Du , Bang Sung-Jo , Shin Jung Woo , Park Bo Ryung , Park Eun Ji , Park Neung Hwa
Published: May 2020

Background/Aims: Low-level viremia (LLV) after nucleos(t)ide analog treatment was presented as a possible cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, detailed information on patients’ adherence in the real world was lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of LLV on HCC development, mortality, and cirrhotic complications among patients according to their adherence to entecavir (ETV) treatment.Methods: We performed a retrospective observational analysis of data from 894 consecutive adult patients with treatment-naïve CHB undergoing ETV treatment. LLV was defined according to either persistent or intermittent episodes of <2,000 IU/mL detectable hepatitis B virus DNA during the follow-up period. Good adherence to medication was defined as a cumulative adherence ≥90% per study period.Results: Without considering adherence in the entire cohort (n=894), multivariate analysis of the HCC incidence showed that LLV was an independent prognostic factor in addition to other traditional risk factors in the entire cohort (P=0.031). Good adherence group comprised 617 patients (69.0%). No significant difference was found between maintained virologic response and LLV groups in terms of the incidence of liver-related death or transplantation, HCC, and hepatic decompensation in good adherence group, according to multivariate analyses.Conclusions: In patients with treatment-naïve CHB and good adherence to ETV treatment in the real world, LLV during treatment is not a predictive factor for HCC and cirrhotic complications. It may be unnecessary to adjust their antiviral agent for patients with good adherence who experience LLV during ETV treatment.
Analysis of the fecal microbiome in Kemp’s ridley sea turtles Lepidochelys kempii undergoing rehabilitation
Authors: Samuelson MM , Pulis EE , Ray C , Arias CR , Samuelson DR , Mattson EE , Solangi M
Published: May 2020

The impact of the intestinal and fecal microbiome on animal health has received considerable attention in recent years and has direct implications for the veterinary and wildlife rehabilitation fields. To examine the effects of rehabilitation on the microbiome in Kemp’s ridley sea turtlesLepidochelys kempii, fecal samples from 30 incidentally captured juveniles were collected during rehabilitation. Samples were analyzed to determine alpha- (α) and beta- (β) diversity as well as the taxonomic abundance of the fecal microbiota during rehabilitation and in response to treatment with antibiotics. The fecal microbial communities of animals housed in rehabilitation for a ‘short-term’ stay (samples collected 0-9 d post-capture) were compared with ‘long-term’ (samples collected 10+ d post-capture) and ‘treated’ groups (samples collected from turtles that had received antibiotic medication). Results of this study indicate that the most dominant phylum in fecal samples wasBacteroidetes(relative abundance, 45.44 ± 5.92% [SD]), followed byFirmicutes(26.62 ± 1.58%),Fusobacteria(19.49 ± 9.07%), andProteobacteria(7.39 ± 1.84%). Similarly, at the family level,Fusobacteriaceae(28.36 ± 17.75%),Tannerellaceae(15.41 ± 10.50%),Bacteroidaceae(14.58 ± 8.48%), andRuminococcaceae(11.49 ± 3.47%) were the most abundant. Our results indicated that both antibiotic-treated and long-term rehabilitated turtles demonstrated a significant decrease in β-diversity when compared to short-term rehabilitated turtles. Our results likewise showed that the length of time turtles spent in rehabilitation was negatively correlated with α- and β-diversity. This study demonstrates the importance of a judicious use of antibiotics during the rehabilitation process and emphasizes the importance of limiting the length of hospital stays for sick and injured sea turtles as much as possible.
Balancing Privacy: Sharenting, Intimate Surveillance and the Right to Be Forgotten
Authors: Leaver Tama
Published: May 2020

In the era of sharenting, apps, platforms and infant wearables, balancing children’s right to privacy is a task that often falls to new parents who often find themselves ill equipped to navigate the many challenges that come with protecting children’s online presence and data. This chapter examines the role the parent and child influencers play as privacy role models, how sharenting provokes new parenting challenges, and weighs these against a child’s right to privacy and, perhaps, right to be forgotten.
Does Election Salience Affect Immigrant Voter Turnout?
Authors: Aggeborn Linuz , Andersson Henrik , Håfström Dehdari Sirus , Lindgren Karl-Oskar
Published: May 2020

Faced with rising levels of cross-border migration, many democratic countries have extended local voting rights to non-naturalized immigrants in recent decades. However, the low turnout of enfranchised immigrants in these elections has come as a disappointment to the advocates of such reforms. In this study, we examine whether the low turnout can be explained by the low salience of local elections. Based on a regression discontinuity design and using high-quality Swedish registry data, we find this to be the case. According to our results, the average likelihood of voting increases by 10-20 percentage points once immigrants become eligible to vote in national elections. We demonstrate too that this effect is not driven by the acquisition of citizenship per se, and that the individual characteristics of immigrants cannot explain their overall lower rate of voter turnout.
Каменные терочники и песты из селетоидного слоя грота Брынзены І (Республика Молдова) (в свете экспериментально-трасологического исследования, данных анализа органических остатков и 3d сканирования)
Authors: Skakun Natalia , Longo Laura , Terekhina Vera , Kovalenko Sergey , Shulga Dmitriy , Pantyukhina Irina , Mednikova Elena
Published: May 2020

В статье освещены результаты изучения крупных каменных предметов из нижнего слоя грота Брынзены I (Республика Молдова) с помощью применения новой комплексной методики, включающей экспериментально-трасологический метод исследования, анализ растительных остатков, характеристику изменений микрорельефа рабочей поверхности с воспроизведением ее первоначального вида. Полученные данные позволили определить их назначение в качестве орудий, применявшихся для обработки растительного сырья.
Зооморфные изображения в позднем палеолите Степного Побужья (на примере поселения Анетовка 2)
Authors: Glavenchuk Alla
Published: May 2020

На позднепалеолитическом поселении Анетовка 2 собрана богатая коллекция мобильной скульптуры и других предметов неутилитарного назначения, иллюстрирующих духовную жизнь первобытного населения приледниковой степи в Гранитно-степном Побужье 18-19 тысяч лет тому назад. Зооморфная скульптура малых форм на Анетовке 2 представлена достаточно массово. Среди них ‑ скульптуры бизонов, мамонтов, зайцев, птиц, представителей семейства кошачьих, лошади, носорога и зооморфные фигурки, по которым сложно определить, какое животное изображено. Зооморфные фигурки изготовлены из плотных глинистых стяжений, каолина, охры, кварца, аллювиальных галек, песчаников, песчаникового кварцита, талькового сланца и кости.
Від Яншао до Трипілля: розвиток суспільств давніх хліборобів у V-IV тис. до н.е.
Authors: Videiko Mykhailo
Published: May 2020

В один і той самий час культурні комплекси Яншао і Трипілля-Кукутень пройшли подібний шлях суспільного розвитку, неодмінними компонентами якого стали поява великих поселень, у тому числі й укріплених, з великого розміру громадськими спорудами, ці поселення стають осередками ремісничого виробництва. Дослідники, по суті, однаково визначають їх, як протоміста.

Різниця між Яншао та Трипіллям-Кукутень полягає в тому, що на Сході поступальний розвиток суспільства до створення міської цивілізації було продовжено, а на Заході – мав продовження на іншій території.
Знакова система керамічних прясел Трипілля
Authors: Burdo Nataliia
Published: May 2020

Керамічні прясла – специфічна, але мало досліджена категорія артефактів культурного комплексу Трипілля-Кукутень. Традиційно прясла розглядають у функціональному контексті. Не випадково, що із пряслами пов’язана низка ідеологічних уявлень. На цьому тлі неабиякий інтерес становлять знаки, зображені на трипільських пряслах, які вже досить давно привернули увагу дослідників. Однак і досі відсутні праці, в яких вони були б зібрані та систематизовані. Наше дослідження є спробою заповнити цю прогалину.
Производственные объекты комплекса «Семья гончара» на трипольском поселении Тальянки
Authors: Korvin-Piotrovskii Aleksei , Ovchinnikov Eduard
Published: May 2020

К жилищно-хозяйственному комплексу поселения-гиганта Тальянки, состоящему из пяти жилых домов и получившему название «Семья гончара», примыкали объекты: три горна, производственный котлован и несколько других углубленных сооружений. Помимо конструктивных особенностей прослежена периодичность функционирования комплекса, приведены аналогии и предложена модель происхождения гончарных горнов, ведущих традицию от обжига в бытовых печах до более сложных теплотехнических устройств.
Планиграфия трипольского поселения Сабатиновка І по материалам раскопок 1938-1939-х гг.
Authors: Lobanova Mariia
Published: May 2020

Структура эпонимного памятника для сабатиновской группы Триполье-Кукутени ранее не выступала предметом для отдельного исследования. В работе публикуются доступные на сегодня результаты раскопок на поселении Сабатиновка І в 1938-1939-х гг (под руководством А.В. Добровольского и Е.Ф. Лагодовской), которые хранятся в архиве Одесского археологического музея НАН Украины. Рассматриваются планиграфические данные поселения Сабатиновка І. Произведена попытка определения объектов на сетке квадратов и их культурной идентификации.
SISTEM INFORMASI PERAMALAN PENJUALAN BARANG DENGAN METODE DOUBLE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING (STUDI KASUS ISTANA SAYUR)
Authors: Ariyanto Yuri , Ananta Ahmadi Yuli , Darwis Muhammad Robbi Darwis
Published: May 2020

Abstrak—Istana Sayur merupakan salah satu toko yang menjual beberapa macam sayuran, buah buahan dan bahan makanan yang selalu berusaha meningkatkan dan menjaga kualitas layanan, mencoba mengurangi kerugian dari pengendalian persediaan stok barang secara manual yang kurang baik akibat kelebihan dan kekurangan stok yang dialami saat ini, maka diperlukan fitur sebagai sistem informasi kasir dan peramalan stok barang. Tujuan dari pembuatan sistem informasi ini adalah analisa Forecasting secara manual ke dalam sebuah sistem informasi agar lebih praktis, dengan pemrograman PHP berframework CodeIgniter dan MySQL sebagai databasenya. Dengan menggunakan metode Double Exponential Smoothing Holt untuk pengambilan keputusan dalam jangka waktu tertentu dan pemanfaatkan pergerakan data pada masa lalu yang bersifat trend dimana datanya bersifat linier. Setelah dilakukan observasi pada Istana Sayur, Malang, didapat data transaksi penjualan dan barang pada tahun 2016-2018. Dari hasil perhitungan metode yang dipakai pada sistem ini kemudian dihitung Forecast Error-nya dengan menggunakan metode Mean Absolute Percentage Error. Dari analisa yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan hasil bahwa dengan menggunakan Mean Absolute Percentage Error didapat nilai untuk Sawi Caisim Manis dengan nilai 15.05%, Telor Ayam dengan nilai 15.78%, Cabe Hijau dengan nilai 12.45%, Buncis dengan nilai 22.22%, Cengkeh dengan nilai 34.69%, Bawang Putih dengan nilai 19.53%, Tempe dengan nilai 20.60% dan Kentang dengan nilai 17.58%. Sehingga Sawi Caisim Manis, Telor Ayam, Cabe Hijau, Bawang Putih dan Kentang tergolong kedalam kategori baik karena memiliki nilai diantara 10%-20%. Sedangkan untuk Buncis, Cengkeh dan Tempe tergolong kedalam kategori cukup karena memiliki nilai diantara 20%-50%. Saran untuk pengembangan aplikasi ini adalah perlunya penambahan metode lain sebagai pembanding tingkat keakuratan.
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PEMETAAN INFRASTRUKTUR SISTEM INFORMASI DI KOTA PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Rohadi Erfan , Ardiansyah Rizky , Qoyyimah R. Farah Dini
Published: May 2020

Infrastruktur dan sistem informasi merupakan sumber daya manusia yang membantu pemerintah dalam mewujudkan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat baik secara ekonomi maupun kepuasan publik. Tidak terkecuali yang dilakukan pada Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Pemerintah Kota Probolinggo. Dalam meningkatkan kualitas pengembangangan infrastruktur secara lebih terkoordinir maka dibuatlah sistem informasi berbasis pemetaan infrastruktur dan sistem informasi dengan menggunakan algoritma clustering SOM. Self Organizing Map (SOM) merupakan salah satu metode dalam Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (Neural Network) yang menggunakan pembelajaran tanpa pengarahan (Unsupervised Learning). Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah website yang memberikan informasi kepada user atau pengguna yang merupakan pihak pemerintahan Dinas Kominfo Kota Probolinggo dalam mengevaluasi perkembangan dan pemerataan infrastruktur dan sistem informasi. Dari hasil perhitungan menggunakan metode Self -Organizing Map dapat diterapkan dalam clustering untuk pemerataan infrastruktur IT yang menghasilkan 3 cluster yang terdiri dari cluster 1 yang memiliki persebaran infrastruktur yang baik berjumlah 1 wilayah, cluster 2 yang memiliki persebaran infrastruktur yang cukup baik berjumlah 23 wilayah dan cluster 3 yang memiliki persebaran infrastrukttur yang kurang baik berjumlah 5 wilayah. Sehingga dapat diketahui pemerataan IT di Kota Probolingo dapat dinilai cukup baik. 4. Berdasarkan pengujian diperoleh hasil akurasi hasil cluster yang baik dengan menggunakan Self-Organizing Map sebanyak 62.06897%.
SEGMENTASI BERBASIS K-MEANS PADA DETEKSI CITRA PENYAKIT DAUN TANAMAN JAGUNG
Authors: Rosiani Ulla Delfana , Rahmad Cahya , Rahmawati Marcelina Alifia , Tupamahu Frangky
Published: May 2020

Penyakit tanaman adalah kondisi dimana sel dan jaringan tanaman tidak berfungsi secara normal yang ditimbulkan karena gangguan secara terus menerus oleh agen patogen atau faktor lingkungan yang menghasilkanperkembangan gejala penyakit. Perkembangan gejala penyakit tersebut menyebabkan rendahnya produktifitas dan gagal panen bagi petani jagung. Maka dalam pengolahan citra digital dapat digunakan untuk membantumengidentifikasi penyakit daun tanaman jagung. Pada penelitian ini, fitur yang digunakan adalah warna pada proses segmentasi dan pendekatan warna. Fitur tersebut didapatkan dari penelitian transformasi warna RGB keCIE L*a*b*, histogram a* digunakan untuk proses segmentasi berbasis K-Means sebagai input dengan menentukan jumlah cluster awal adalah k=3, merandom centroid, menghitung jarak nilai pixel ke centroid,mengelompokkan nilai pixel berdasarkan jarak minimum, menghitung rata-rata cluster untuk centroid baru dan jika masih terdapat nilai pixel yang berpindah maka proses random centroid masih dilakukan hingga tidakadanya nilai pixel yang berpindah. Hasil dari citra yang telah tersegmentasi dan menggunakan pendekatan warna Euclidean Distance dapat mengidentifikasi antara penyakit hawar daun dan bercak daun. Penelitian tersebutmenggunakan dataset sejumlah 30 jenis A dan B untuk training dan 10 data untuk testing telah memperoleh akurasi sebesar 90%.
PENERAPAN ALGORITMA RANDOM FOREST UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI DEHIDRASI BERBASIS CITRA URINE
Authors: Muna Niyalatul , Afriansyah Faisal Lutfi , Suprayogy Ameng Bagus
Published: May 2020

Tingkat dehidrasi tidak hanya bisa dirasakan secara langsung akan tetapi dapat diamati dan dilihat secara fisik berbasis visual. Secara visual salah satu gejala dari dehidrasi dapat dilihat dari warna urine. Gejala ini biasanya tidak begitu diperhatikan dan dianggap biasa. Padahal gejala hipohidrasi atau dehidrasi merupakan dampak yang merugikan dari asupan air yang tidak memadai sehingga mempengaruhi warna urine yang dihasilkan. Kesulitan panca indra manusia membedakan gejala dehidrasi dan melihat perbedaan warna urine secara visual sering diterjemahkan berbeda-beda, dikarenakan tingkat kemiripan warna yang dihasilkan. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan adanya pemanfaatan teknologi kamera dengan sistem cerdas dapat membantu kesulitan dan keterbatasan panca indra manusia. Penelitian ini menggunakan citra urine diambil dari sample orang dewasa yang dikelompokkan berdasarkan kategori warna urine hasil penelitian terdahulu. Pengambilan fitur dari setiap citra urine diambil nilai warna dari  YCbCr. Model warna yang dihasilkan dari setiap sampel akan diidentifikasi menggunakan algoritma Random Forest dengan cross-validation. Hasil dari percobaan yang dilakukan menunjukkan akurasi 90% dari 30 dataset yang diujikan dengan nilai precision 90.2%, recall 90%, Mean absolute error 0.2473, dan Root mean squared error sebesar 0.3208.
Paclitaxel and Sorafenib: The Effective Combination of Suppressing the Self-Renewal of Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Nawara Hend , Afify Said , Hassan Ghmkin , Zahra Maram , Atallah Marwa , Mansour Hager , Abu Quora Hagar , Alam Md , Osman Amira , Kakuta Hiroki , Hamada Hiroki , Seno Akimasa , Seno Masaharu
Published: May 2020

“Combination therapy”, which is a treatment modality combining two or more therapeutic agents, is considered a cornerstone of cancer therapy. The combination of anticancer drugs, of which functions are different from the other, enhances the efficiency compared to the monotherapy because it targets cancer cells in a synergistic or an additive manner. In this study, the combination of paclitaxel and sorafenib in low concentration was evaluated to target cancer stem cells, miPS-BT549cmP and miPS-Huh7cmP cells, developed from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. The synergistic effect of paclitaxel and sorafenib on cancer stem cells was assessed by the inhibition of proliferation, self-renewal, colony formation, and differentiation. While the IC50 values of paclitaxel and sorafenib were approximately ranging between 250 and 300 nM and between 6.5 and 8 µM, respectively, IC50 of paclitaxel reduced to 20 and 25 nM, which was not toxic in a single dose, in the presence of 1 µM sorafenib, which was not toxic to the cells. Then, the synergistic effect was further assessed for the potential of self-renewal of cancer stem cells by sphere formation ability. As a result, 1 µM of sorafenib significantly enhanced the effect of paclitaxel to suppress the number of spheres. Simultaneously, paclitaxel ranging in 1 to 4 nM significantly suppressed not only the colony formation but also the tube formation of the cancer stem cells in the presence of 1 µM sorafenib. These results suggest the combination therapy of paclitaxel and sorafenib in low doses should be an attractive approach to target cancer stem cells with fewer side effects.
Tailoring Chemometric Models on Blood-Derived Cultures Secretome to Assess Personalized Cancer Risk Score
Authors: Coluccio Maria Laura , Gentile Francesco , Presta Ivan , Donato Giuseppe , Coppedè Nicola , Valprapuram Immanuel , Mignogna Chiara , Lavecchia Annamaria , Figuccia Federica , Garo Virginia M. , Fabrizio Enzo Di , Candeloro Patrizio , Viglietto Giuseppe , Malara Natalia
Published: May 2020

The molecular protonation profiles obtained by means of an organic electrochemical transistor, which is used for analysis of molecular products released by blood-derived cultures, contain a large amount of information The transistor is based on the conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS comprising super hydrophobic SU8 pillars positioned on the substrate to form a non-periodic square lattice to measure the state of protonation on secretomes derived from liquid biopsies. In the extracellular space of cultured cells, the number of glycation products increase, driven both by a glycolysis metabolism and by a compromised function of the glutathione redox system. Glycation products are a consequence of the interaction of the reactive aldehydes and side glycolytic products with other molecules. As a result, the amount of the glycation products reflects the anti-oxidative cellular reserves, counteracting the reactive aldehyde production of which both the secretome protonation profile and cancer risk are related. The protonation profiles can be profitably exploited through the use of mathematical techniques and multivariate statistics. This study provides a novel chemometric approach for molecular analysis of protonation and discusses the possibility of constructing a predictive cancer risk model based on the exploration of data collected by conventional analysis techniques and novel nanotechnological devices.
Erdafitinib Resensitizes ABCB1-Overexpressing Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Cells to Cytotoxic Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Wu Chung-Pu , Hung Tai-Ho , Hsiao Sung-Han , Huang Yang-Hui , Hung Lang-Cheng , Yu Yi-Jou , Chang Yu-Tzu , Wang Shun-Ping , Wu Yu-Shan
Published: May 2020

The development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer patients, which is often associated with the overexpression of ABCB1 (MDR1, P-glycoprotein) in cancer cells, remains a significant problem in cancer chemotherapy. ABCB1 is one of the major adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters that can actively efflux a range of anticancer drugs out of cancer cells, causing MDR. Given the lack of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatment for multidrug-resistant cancers, we explored the prospect of repurposing erdafitinib, the first fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) kinase inhibitor approved by the FDA, to reverse MDR mediated by ABCB1. We discovered that by reducing the function of ABCB1, erdafitinib significantly resensitized ABCB1-overexpressing multidrug-resistant cancer cells to therapeutic drugs at sub-toxic concentrations. Results of erdafitinib-stimulated ABCB1 ATPase activity and in silico docking analysis of erdafitinib binding to the substrate-binding pocket of ABCB1 further support the interaction between erdafitinib and ABCB1. Moreover, our data suggest that ABCB1 is not a major mechanism of resistance to erdafitinib in cancer cells. In conclusion, we revealed an additional action of erdafitinib as a potential treatment option for multidrug-resistant cancers, which should be evaluated in future drug combination trials.
Vav1 is Essential for HIF-1α Activation via a Lysosomal VEGFR1-Mediated Degradation Mechanism in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Hong Jaewoo , Min Yongfen , Wuest Todd , Lin P. Charles
Published: May 2020

The vascular response to hypoxia and ischemia is essential for maintaining homeostasis during stressful conditions and is particularly critical for vital organs such as the heart. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a central regulator of the response to hypoxia by activating transcription of numerous target genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Here we identify the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Vav1, a regulator of the small Rho-GTPase and cell signaling in endothelial cells, as a key vascular regulator of hypoxia. We show that Vav1 is present in the vascular endothelium and is essential for HIF-1 activation under hypoxia. So, we hypothesized that Vav1 could be a key regulator of HIF-1 signaling. In our findings, Vav1 regulates HIF-1α stabilization through the p38/Siah2/PHD3 pathway. In normoxia, Vav1 binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), which directs Vav1 to lysosomes for degradation. In contrast, hypoxia upregulates Vav1 protein levels by inhibiting lysosomal degradation, which is analogous to HIF-1α regulation by hypoxia: both proteins are constitutively produced and degraded in normoxia allowing for a rapid response when stress occurs. Consequently, hypoxia rapidly stabilizes Vav1, which is required for HIF-1α accumulation. This shows that Vav1 is the key mediator controlling the stabilization of HIF1α in hypoxic conditions. With this finding, we report a novel pathway to stabilize HIF-1, which shows a possible reason why clinical trials targeting HIF-1 has not been effective. Targeting Vav1 can be the new approach to overcome hypoxic tumors.
Clinical-Grade Peptide-Based Inhibition of CK2 Blocks Viability and Proliferation of T-ALL Cells and Counteracts IL-7 Stimulation and Stromal Support
Authors: Perera Yasser , Melão Alice , Ramón Ailyn C. , Vázquez Dania , Ribeiro Daniel , Perea Silvio E. , Barata João T.
Published: May 2020

Despite remarkable advances in the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), relapsed cases are still a major challenge. Moreover, even successful cases often face long-term treatment-associated toxicities. Targeted therapeutics may overcome these limitations. We have previously demonstrated that casein kinase 2 (CK2)-mediated phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) posttranslational inactivation, and consequent phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling hyperactivation, leads to increased T-ALL cell survival and proliferation. We also revealed the existence of a crosstalk between CK2 activity and the signaling mediated by interleukin 7 (IL-7), a critical leukemia-supportive cytokine. Here, we evaluated the impact of CIGB-300, a the clinical-grade peptide-based CK2 inhibitor CIGB-300 on T-ALL biology. We demonstrate that CIGB-300 decreases the viability and proliferation of T-ALL cell lines and diagnostic patient samples. Moreover, CIGB-300 overcomes IL-7-mediated T-ALL cell growth and viability, while preventing the positive effects of OP9-delta-like 1 (DL1) stromal support on leukemia cells. Signaling and pull-down experiments indicate that the CK2 substrate nucleophosmin 1 (B23/NPM1) and CK2 itself are the molecular targets for CIGB-300 in T-ALL cells. However, B23/NPM1 silencing only partially recapitulates the anti-leukemia effects of the peptide, suggesting that CIGB-300-mediated direct binding to CK2, and consequent CK2 inactivation, is the mechanism by which CIGB-300 downregulates PTEN S380 phosphorylation and inhibits PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In the context of IL-7 stimulation, CIGB-300 blocks janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway in T-ALL cells. Altogether, our results strengthen the case for anti-CK2 therapeutic intervention in T-ALL, demonstrating that CIGB-300 (given its ability to circumvent the effects of pro-leukemic microenvironmental cues) may be a valid tool for clinical intervention in this aggressive malignancy.
The Combination of Loss of ALDH1L1 Function and Phenformin Treatment Decreases Tumor Growth in KRAS-Driven Lung Cancer
Authors: Lee Seon-Hyeong , Jeon Yoon , Kang Joon Hee , Jang Hyonchol , Lee Ho , Kim Soo-Youl
Published: May 2020

Lung adenocarcinoma cells express high levels of ALDH1L1, an enzyme of the one-carbon pathway that catalyzes the conversion of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate into tetrahydrofolate and NAD(P)H. In this study, we evaluated the potential of ALDH1L1 as a therapeutic target by deleting the Aldh1l1 gene in KrasLA2 mice, a model of spontaneous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Reporter assays revealed KRAS-mediated upregulation of the ALDH1L1 promoter in human NSCLC cells. Aldh1l1−/− mice exhibited a normal phenotype, with a 10% decrease in Kras-driven lung tumorigenesis. By contrast, the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation inhibition using phenformin in Aldh1l1−/−; KrasLA2 mice dramatically decreased the number of tumor nodules and tumor area by up to 50%. Furthermore, combined treatment with pan-ALDH inhibitor and phenformin showed a decreased number and area of lung tumors by 70% in the KrasLA2 lung cancer model. Consistent with this, previous work showed that the combination of ALDH1L1 knockdown and phenformin treatment decreased ATP production by as much as 70% in NSCLS cell lines. Taken together, these results suggest that the combined inhibition of ALDH activity and oxidative phosphorylation represents a promising therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
Role of Collagen Fiber Morphology on Ovarian Cancer Cell Migration Using Image-Based Models of the Extracellular Matrix
Authors: Alkmin Samuel , Brodziski Rebecca , Simon Haleigh , Hinton Daniel , Goldsmith Randall H. , Patankar Manish , Campagnola Paul J.
Published: May 2020

Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important part in the development and progression of many epithelial cancers. However, the biological significance of collagen alterations in ovarian cancer has not been well established. Here we investigated the role of collagen fiber morphology on cancer cell migration using tissue engineered scaffolds based on high-resolution Second-Harmonic Generation (SHG) images of ovarian tumors. The collagen-based scaffolds are fabricated by multiphoton excited (MPE) polymerization, which is a freeform 3D method affording submicron resolution feature sizes (~0.5 µm). This capability allows the replication of the collagen fiber architecture, where we constructed models representing normal stroma, high-risk tissue, benign tumors, and high-grade tumors. These were seeded with normal and ovarian cancer cell lines to investigate the separate roles of the cell type and matrix morphology on migration dynamics. The primary finding is that key cell–matrix interactions such as motility, cell spreading, f-actin alignment, focal adhesion, and cadherin expression are mainly determined by the collagen fiber morphology to a larger extent than the initial cell type. Moreover, we found these aspects were all enhanced for cells on the highly aligned, high-grade tumor model. Conversely, the weakest corresponding responses were observed on the more random mesh-like normal stromal matrix, with the partially aligned benign tumor and high-risk models demonstrating intermediate behavior. These results are all consistent with a contact guidance mechanism. These models cannot be synthesized by other conventional fabrication methods, and we suggest this approach will enable a variety of studies in cancer biology.