bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A descontinuidade do campo elétrico em uma distribuição superficial e esférica de cargas: um invariante topológico
Authors: Assad Gustavo Elia
Published: January 2021

Este artigo soma-se aos outros recentes que vêm sendo publicados, principalmente nesta revista que está, ao nosso ver, tornando-se um fórum de discussão deste que é o campo elétrico na superfície de um condutor esférico carregado. Recentemente publicamos um artigo que discutia três modelos para encontrar o recalcitrante fator 1/2 que persegue muitos aficionados por esta questão eletrostática. Desta forma, este texto foi elaborado, exclusivamente, para tentar esclarecer e contrapor, algumas interpretações colocadas em um mais recente artigo [1] que defende uma integral própria para encontrar o teimoso fator. Desta forma, reabordamos o método da superposição do campo de anéis para discutir comportamento do campo através de uma superfície esférica carregada uniformemente, tentando chegar a um consenso.
A new, narrowly distributed, and critically endangered species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the Distrito Federal, Central Brazil
Authors: Melo Marcelo Roberto Souto de , Ribeiro Mauro César Lambert de Brito , Lima Flávio César Thadeo de
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT A new species of Characidium is described from the Cerrado biome, in Brasília, Distrito Federal, Central Brazil. The new species can be readily diagnosed by the presence of two or three longitudinal rows of dots along the body sides, absence of bars, by the short pectoral fin, which does not reach the vertical through the dorsal fin origin. Additional useful diagnostic characters are the scaled isthmus, absence of the adipose fin, and the terminal mouth. The new species is only known from the córrego Taquara and its tributaries, a tributary of ribeirão do Gama, upstream from lago Paranoá, in the upper rio Paraná basin. In accordance to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, the new species is categorized as Critically Endangered.
O CUIDADO E SUAS REDES doença e diferença em instituições de saúde indígena em São Paulo
Authors: Macedo Valéria
Published: January 2021

Resumo Cuidado e humanização são palavras interseccionadas na etnologia ameríndia e, de modo distinto, em abordagens no campo da saúde. Busco estabelecer conexões parciais entre tais campos como modo de fazer visíveis algumas questões relativas à minha experiência etnográfica na Casai (Casa de Apoio à Saúde Indígena) em São Paulo. Para muitos indígenas, esse espaço pleno de diferença intensifica a vulnerabilidade e efeitos transformacionais inerentes ao adoecimento. Estar sob cuidado de não-indígenas constitui um ponto convergente entre pessoas de diferentes povos que vêm a São Paulo para tratamento biomédico. Ser alvo de cuidado implica estar sob o olhar – e, portanto, a consideração ou intervenção – de outrem, mas implica também fazer-se visível a ele, mobilizando-o de modos específicos. Este artigo se volta para algumas relações de cuidado em que pacientes indígenas e profissionais de saúde estão ativamente, e diferentemente, implicados.
As mil e uma mortes de um estudante: foto-ícones e história fotográfica
Authors: Mauad Ana Maria , Lissovsky Mauricio
Published: January 2021

Resumo O estudo avalia a possibilidade de uma história fotográfica com base na noção de foto-ícone, que nos ajuda a observar como as imagens participam da história e conformam a experiência que temos dela. Seguindo a biografia, nem sempre linear, de uma imagem, acompanhamos neste artigo a trajetória da fotografia do estudante perseguido pela polícia. Produzida por Evandro Teixeira e publicada no Jornal do Brasil em 22 de junho de 1968, ela contrasta com outras imagens produzidas pela equipe fotográfica do Correio da Manhã, publicadas na mesma data e encontradas anos depois no arquivo do jornal inglês Daily Herald.
Regional stability and adaptation measures slope failures due to rainfall in Singapore
Authors: Chan Yi En Claire , Ng Qi Long , Satyanaga Alfrendo , Rahardjo Harianto
Published: January 2021

As heavier rainfall intensities are expected in the future, it is important to employ preventive measures for the anticipated possibility of residual soil slope failures. This study primarily focuses on the principles of unsaturated soil mechanics to establish an appropriate framework for adaptation measures against extreme rainfall conditions. These adaptation measures consist of the development and evaluation of slope susceptibility maps, as well as the planting of vegetation for critical slopes based on regional stability analyses of residual soils within Bukit Timah Granite and Old Alluvium in Singapore. In this study, slope susceptibility maps were developed for three zones of residual soils within Bukit Timah Granite and Old Alluvium in Singapore. The pore-water pressure distributions and factors of safety within each zone were obtained from the Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Regional Slope-stability model (TRIGRS) analysis and Scoops3D software, respectively. Results from the slope susceptibility maps were verified against two-dimensional (2D) numerical analyses. The 2D numerical models were verified through instrumentation data. The results from slope susceptibility maps agreed with the results from 2D numerical analyses. In addition, the inclusion of vegetation at the slope face was concluded to be an effective slope stabilisation measure from the simulated 2D numerical analyses.
Endothelial-Derived miR-17∼92 Promotes Angiogenesis to Protect against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Chiba Takuto , Cerqueira Débora M. , Li Yao , Bodnar Andrew J. , Mukherjee Elina , Pfister Katherine , Phua Yu Leng , Shaikh Kai , Sanders Brandon T. , Hemker Shelby L. , Pagano Patrick J. , Wu Yijen L. , Ho Jacqueline , Sims-Lucas Sunder
Published: January 2021

Significance Statement

Regulation of endothelial cells is important in many biologic processes, including development, organ function, and disease. The kidney vasculature is highly sensitive to hypoxic injury and has a limited capacity for repair. AKI as a result of decreased blood flow is common, and there are no current therapies. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that inhibit expression of target genes. Endothelial-derived miR-17∼92 is a cluster of microRNAs critical for endothelial function and repair during AKI in mice. Furthermore, pharmacologic treatment with mimics of the cluster mitigates AKI, promoting angiogenesis. These microRNAs are the first potential therapeutic target for kidney endothelial damage after AKI, and mimics may be broadly applicable to disease processes that involve endothelial injury.

Background

Damage to the renal microvasculature is a hallmark of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)–mediated AKI. The miR-17∼92 miRNA cluster (encoding miR-17, -18a, -19a, -20a, -19b-1, and -92a-1) regulates angiogenesis in multiple settings, but no definitive role in renal endothelium during AKI pathogenesis has been established.

Methods

Antibodies bound to magnetic beads were utilized to selectively enrich for renal endothelial cells from mice. Endothelial-specific miR-17∼92 knockout (miR-17∼92

endo−/−
) mice were generated and given renal IRI. Mice were monitored for the development of AKI using serum chemistries and histology and for renal blood flow using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and laser Doppler imaging. Mice were treated with miRNA mimics during renal IRI, and therapeutic efficacies were evaluated.

Results

miR-17, -18a, -20a, -19b, and pri–miR-17∼92 are dynamically regulated in renal endothelial cells after renal IRI. miR-17∼92

endo−/−
exacerbates renal IRI in male and female mice. Specifically, miR-17∼92

endo−/−
promotes renal tubular injury, reduces renal blood flow, promotes microvascular rarefaction, increases renal oxidative stress, and promotes macrophage infiltration to injured kidneys. The potent antiangiogenic factor thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) is highly expressed in renal endothelium in miR-17∼92

endo−/−
after renal IRI and is a target of miR-18a and miR-19a/b. miR-17∼92 is critical in the angiogenic response after renal IRI, which treatment with miR-18a and miR-19b mimics can mitigate.

Conclusions

These data suggest that endothelial-derived miR-17∼92 stimulates a reparative response in damaged renal vasculature during renal IRI by regulating angiogenic pathways.
Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rollerinin Çocuk Kitaplarına Yansıması
Authors: YÜCEL ÇETİN Derya , MANGIR Mediha
Published: January 2021

Bu araştırmada, Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından 2005 yılında yayımlanan ve 2018 yılında yürürlükten kaldırılan ortaokul öğrencilerine yönelik hazırlanmış 100 Temel Eser’in söz konusu eğitim-öğretim kademesinde yakın zamana kadar en çok tercih edilen kitap listesi olduğu varsayımından hareketle bu kitaplara toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin ne şekilde yansıdığının tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 100 Temel Eser metinleri içerisindeki toplumsal cinsiyeti yansıtan ifadeler tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri, 100 Temel Eser içerisinde yer alan Türk edebiyatına ait olaya dayalı metinlerden tarama modeli ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın amacına yönelik olarak veriler belirlenen kategoriler çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiş, kategori türlerinden ise ‘kişilere ve aktörlere göre kategoriler’ seçilmiştir. Araştırmanın ana izleği çocuk kitaplarında eril ve dişil cinsiyetin ne şekilde yansıtıldığıdır. Ana izleğe bağlı olarak alt kategoriler; “dişil cinsiyeti aşağılayıcı söylemler, eril cinsiyeti yüceltici söylemler, dişil ve eril cinsiyetin günlük yaşamdaki rolleri” olarak belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen kategorilere ait tüm veriler araştırmaya dâhil edilmiş ve içerik analizi türlerinden frekans analizi ile verilerin sıklık ve yüzdeleri hesaplanmıştır. Hesaplanan sıklık ve yüzdeler tablolarda gösterilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. İlgili kategorilere ait verilerin tamamına, çalışmanın hacmini artırmaması sebebiyle yer verilmemiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle 100 Temel Eser’de toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin adalet temelli bir anlayışla sunulmadığı, aksine eril cinsin pek çok konuda dişil cinsten üstün görüldüğü sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Anlatma Becerileri Kapsamında 1-8. Sınıf Türkçe Ders Kitaplarına Bir Bakış: Konuşma ve Yazma Stratejilerinin Kullanımı
Authors: AKTAŞ Elif , BAYRAM Bora
Published: January 2021

Tematik yaklaşım esas alınarak hazırlanan 2019 Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programı’nda (TDÖP) beceri temelli bir anlayış hâkimdir. Bu yönden programda, belirlenen amaç ve kazanımlara ulaşmak için öğrenme-öğretme sürecinde birtakım etkinlikler uygulanması önerilmiştir. Türkçe derslerinde öğrencilerin anlama ve anlatma becerilerini kazanması, etkinlik temelli uygulamalarla mümkündür. Anlatma becerileri kapsamında değerlendirilen konuşma ve yazmanın geliştirilmesi için öğrenme-öğretme sürecinde birtakım stratejilerin etkin şekilde kullanılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada 2019 TDÖP’ye göre hazırlanan Türkçe ders kitaplarında yer alan konuşma ve yazma stratejilerinin sınıf düzeyi ve yayınevlerine göre dağılımını tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemiyle desenlenen çalışmada doküman inceleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılında okutulan on dört adet 1-8. sınıf Türkçe ders kitabı incelenmiştir. Veriler, betimsel analiz tekniklerinden frekans ve yüzde analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre TDÖP’de yer alan konuşma ve yazma stratejilerine ders kitaplarında yeterli ölçüde yer verilmediği ve stratejilerin ders kitaplarında kullanımının dengeli olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
Prolotherapy for the patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bae Geonhyeong , Kim Suyeon , Lee Sangseok , Lee Woo Yong , Lim Yunhee
Published: January 2021

Background: Prolotherapy, which stimulates the healing of loosened ligaments and tendons, is a cost-effective and safe treatment modality for chronic musculoskeletal pain. Its benefits may be affected by injection protocols, comparative regimens, and evaluation scales. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of dextrose prolotherapy as a long-term treatment for chronic musculoskeletal pain.Methods: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central, KoreaMed, and KMbase databases were searched for studies published up to March 2019. We included randomized controlled trials which compared the effect of dextrose prolotherapy with that of other therapies such as exercise, saline, platelet-rich plasma, and steroid injection. The primary outcome was pain score change during daily life.Results: Ten studies involving 750 participants were included in the final analysis. Pain scores from 6 months to 1 year after dextrose prolotherapy were significantly reduced compared to saline injection (standardized mean difference [SMD] –0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] –0.76 to –0.11, P = 0.008) and exercise (SMD –0.42; 95% CI –0.77 to –0.07, P = 0.02). Prolotherapy yielded results similar to platelet-rich plasma or steroid injection, that it showed no significant difference in pain score.Conclusions: Dextrose prolotherapy is more effective in the treatment of chronic pain compared to saline injection or exercise. Its effect was comparable to that of platelet-rich plasma or steroid injection. Adequately powered, homogeneous, and longer-term trials are needed to better elucidate the efficacy of prolotherapy.
River water quality management using a fuzzy optimization model and the NSFWQI Index
Authors: Mohammad Kazem Ghorbani  , Abbas Afshar  , Hossein Hamidifar
Published: January 2021

In this study, a novel multiple-pollutant waste load allocation (WLA) model for a river system is presented based on the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI). This study aims to determine the value of the quality index as the objective function integrated into the fuzzy set theory so that it could decrease the uncertainties associated with water quality goals as well as specify the river's water quality status rapidly. The simulation-optimization (S-O) approach is used for solving the proposed model. The QUAL2K model is used for simulating water quality in different parts of the river system and ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is applied as an optimizer of the model. The model performance was examined on a hypothetical river system with a length of 30 km and 17 checkpoints. The results show that for a given number of both the simulator model runs and the artificial ants, the maximum objective function will be obtained when the regulatory parameter of the ACO algorithm (i.e., q0) is considered equal to 0.6 and 0.7 (instead of 0.8 and 0.9). Also, the results do not depend on the exponent of the membership function (i.e., γ). Furthermore, the proposed methodology can find optimum solutions in a shorter time.
The Treaty That Was Never Ratified: On the Centenary of the Signing of the Paris Protocol (October 28, 1920)
Authors:   Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University (Zaporozhye region, Ukraine), Popenko Ya.V. , Sribnyak I.V. ,   The Institute of World History of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Shatilo V.A. ,   Kyiv National Linguistic University (Kyiv, Ukraine)
Published: January 2021

Romania’s foreign policy during the first decades of the 20th century was not accidental or spontaneous. It was implemented by the leadership of the Kingdom as part of a targeted program for the creation of “Greater Romania.” The foreign policy of Bucharest during the World War and formation of the Versailles system of international relations can be considered as indicative in terms of achieving national interests to gain the regional leader status in the Balkans. The article analyses the struggle around the “Bessarabian question” at the Paris Peace Conference during 1919–1920. This period became decisive for the Romanian Kingdom in the question of the recognition by the international community of its exclusive right to annex Bessarabia. The purposeful work of the Romanian politicians I. Bratianu, A. Vaida-Voevoda, A. Averescu and others in solving the “Bessarabian question” has undoubtedly yielded positive results for Romania. On October 28, 1920, the Paris, or Bessarabian, protocol was signed in Paris to legally recognize the annexation of Bessarabia to the kingdom. Thus, the long and the exhausting struggle of the Romanian diplomacy ended with the victory of Bucharest on the one hand, while on the other, this fateful document was never ratified by the individual participants, which automatically made it legally “incomplete” international act.
Black carbon as a factor in deglaciation in polar and mountain ecosystems: A Review
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation), Polyakov Vyacheslav I. , Abakumov Evgeny V. ,   Saint Petersburg State University (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation), Tembotov Rustam Kh. ,   Tembotov Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories, Russian Academy of Sciences (Nalchik, Russian Federation)
Published: January 2021

Black carbon is considered a product of the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and materials that originated from volcanic eruptions or were emitted during wildfires. It is a strong light-absorbing component that has many atmospheric and surface effects in terrestrial and glacial ecosystems. Normally, black carbon is presented as a solid particle, consisting mainly of pure carbon, which absorbs solar radiation at all wavelengths. Some black carbon particles are amended by a mineral compound, though black carbon substances are normally dark or greyish dark. Black carbon is the most active part of suspended particles in the atmosphere and on glacial surfaces, absorbing solar radiation, the main component of ash, which consists of carbon particles with impurities in the form of mineral particles and also contains carbon of biogenic origin. In this paper, we have analyzed the literature on black carbon and its effect on deglaciation processes in the Earth’s polar and mountainous regions. The physical, chemical, and microbiological composition of black carbon accumulations were studied using the examples of the Arctic, the Antarctic, and the Central Caucasus. Potential sources and conditions of the transportation of black carbon into the polar zone and their effect on ice and snow have also been discussed.
Haematoxylin-Eosin stain for cryosections v2
Authors: Blanchoud Simon
Published: January 2021

This protocol has been successfully used to stain our samples of colonial tunicates sectioned at 12 µm. Adapted from Anna Jazwinska and Marguerite Kaczorowski.
Bogotá: rostros de marginación y delincuencia juvenil en tres cuentos de Luis Fayad
Authors: Bernal Alvaro Antonio
Published: January 2021

El escritor colombiano Luis Fayad a través de su narrativa ha estado siempre ligado a la temática urbana, en concreto al caso de Bogotá como la potencial megalópolis colombiana. Muchos de sus relatos y novelas giran en torno al tejido social de una Bogotá ampliamente fragmentada y compleja. El autor ha sabido indagar y diseccionar los intercisos que delimitan las diferentes capas de la sociedad local. En este estudio me ocupo de tres cuentos en los que Fayad por medio de la ficción retrata e invita a reflexionar sobre la marginalidad urbana a partir de jóvenes personajes que vagabundean y viven en las calles delinquiendo. Estos textos, a pesar de su carácter ficcional, documentan la realidad marginal acontecida en Bogotá durante las décadas del sesenta y setenta. Estos relatos más allá de sus bondades estéticas, sirven para establecer y perpetuar la memoria de la ciudad, evidenciando indirectamente un proyecto social fallido, una niñez y una juventud malogradas, y un intento truncado de modernización.

Palabras clave: Luis Fayad; Literatura colombiana; Bogotá; Literatura urbana; marginalización
Acceso a los servicios de salud de las personas en situación de discapacidad: el caso de una Fundación en Nariño (Colombia), 2017
Authors: Valenzuela Fuenagan Paola Andrea , Mejía Ortega Luz Mery
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Describir las condiciones de acceso a los servicios de salud de las personas en situación de discapacidad de una Fundación del municipio de Cumbal, Nariño, en el año 2017. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal, en el cual se aplicó una encuesta estructurada a 34 personas en situación de discapacidad —o familiares y acudientes—, inscritos en la Fundación. Resultados: A pesar de que las personas objeto del estudio contaban con afiliación al sistema de salud por el régimen subsidiado en salud, los largos tiempos de espera para la asignación de citas, la lejanía de la residencia hasta el lugar de atención, la falta de dinero y los excesivos trámites administrativos son las principales limitantes para acceder a los servicios de salud de esta población. El acceso a los servicios de rehabilitación es bastante restringido para ellos, generando así mayores limitaciones para su bienestar. Conclusiones: Dada la limitada oferta de servicios de salud en el municipio de Cumbal, el estudio muestra que para las personas en situación de discapacidad de la Fundación se presentan múltiples barreras de tipo social, económicas y geográficas para acceder a los servicios de salud necesarios para su bienestar. Las principales limitaciones de acceso se dan en los servicios de rehabilitación.
El frente discursivo biomédico, neoliberal y tradicional de la educación: debate en la educación para la salud crítica
Authors: Molina Berrío Diana Patricia , Peñaranda Correa Fernando , López Ríos Jennifer Marcela , Loaiza Herrera Tomás
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Analizar los debates teóricos alrededor de la educación para la salud (EPS) identificados en artículos científicos de cinco países de América anglosajona, Europa y Australia, con el fin de aportar a la fundamentación pedagógica de la EpS y su vínculo con la salud pública. Metodología: Estudio documental que utiliza como fuentes de información artículos científicos de investigaciones desarrolladas en Australia, Estados Unidos, Inglaterra, Canadá y España. Resultados: Se identificaron debates teóricos desarrollados en tres ámbitos de discusión: el estructural, en que se denuncia el mantenimiento de una EpS tradicional, sustentada en una perspectiva biomédica de la salud y un modelo neoliberal imperante; el de las prácticas pedagógicas, desarrollado por una educación débil y funcional al mantenimiento de la reproducción del orden social imperante, y el de las propuestas, desde las cuales se promueven perspectivas pedagógicas alternativas con respecto a la conceptualización de la salud y de la EPS. Conclusiones: Existe un frente discursivo que perpetúa una concepción de salud basada en el modelo biomédico, la hegemonía del modelo neoliberal y la idea tradicional de la EPS, en el marco de una salud pública clásica. Pero también se reconocen perspectivas críticas de la EPS y de la salud pública, que conforman otro frente discursivo contrahegemónico, que busca la transformación del orden social injusto.
Conocimientos y percepciones de niñas, niños y adolescentes sobre la sexualidad
Authors: Roldán Restrepo Daniela , Arenas Duque Andrea , Forero Martínez Luz Janeth , Rivera Danny , Rivillas Juan Carlos
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Explorar los conocimientos y las percepciones de algunas niñas, niños y adolescentes respecto a la sexualidad, el ejercicio de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, y la educación sexual. Metodología: se realizó un estudio cualitativo, a partir de 25 entrevistas semiestructuradas a personas de entre 9 y 14 años, en 8 municipios priorizados de Colombia. Resultados: En todos los municipios se encontró un desconocimiento generalizado de los temas abordados, así como significados reducidos y percepciones en extremo negativas sobre la sexualidad, la educación sexual, los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, y la salud sexual, a lo que se suman fuertes estereotipos de género. Conclusiones: Los conocimientos y las connotaciones negativas asignadas a los conceptos por los que se preguntó dan cuenta de la limitada y precaria educación sexual que han recibido niñas, niños y adolescentes de estos municipios, lo que significa que aunque en el país existe un marco legal propicio y unas metas relacionadas con el abordaje integral de la sexualidad desde la primera infancia, estos no se están cumpliendo.
Análisis de desigualdades en salud. Una propuesta cualitativa
Authors: Ortíz Ruíz Nicolás
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Presentar los resultados de un estudio de las desigualdades sociales a partir de experiencias de manejo y tratamiento de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, y aportar elementos teóricos y metodológicos para analizar las desigualdades sociales en salud. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa, basada en relatos biográficos de personas diagnosticadas hacía más de un año, y con características socioeconómicas y socioculturales diversas. Los casos fueron seleccionados en diferentes centros de salud del municipio de Santiago de Cali(Colombia), procurando tener representación de clase social, género y condición étnico-racial diversas. Resultados: Se identificaron tres ámbitos que, articulados entre sí, configuran las condiciones de desigualdad a lo largo de las trayectorias de vida y en las experiencias de manejo y tratamiento de la diabetes. Estos son: el ámbito de la salud, que incluye el acceso y uso de servicios de salud y la satisfacción de necesidades en salud, el cuidado de la salud y los resultados en salud; el ámbito socioeconómico/cultural, que incluye los espacios sociales, las posiciones sociales, los capitales y los esquemas socioculturales de clasificación-jerarquización social; por último, el ámbito del contexto, que incluye las políticas y las situaciones económicas, sociales y culturales del entorno. Conclusiones: Analizar las desigualdades en salud implica comprender su producción social y no simplemente sus manifestaciones en los cuerpos o el acceso a servicios de salud. Se identificaron cuatro ejes claves de producción de desigualdades: el territorio, la articulación entre educacióntrabajo, el género y las diferentes formas de violencia.
Situación de salud en una comunidad afrocolombiana sobreviviente a la masacre de Bojayá, Chocó
Authors: Urrego Mendoza Zulma Consuelo , Piñeros Cortés Germán , Moreno Arévalo Natalia , Hernández Álvarez Mario Esteban , Calderón Scioville María Clara , Moreno Martinez Daisy Mariana , Rojas Ordóñez María Alejandra , Peralta Jiménez Jonathan Alexander
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: En el marco del proyecto de extensión solidaria universitaria “Laboratorio de salud rural e intercultural comunidad de Bojayá, Chocó”, este artículo presenta los resultados correspondientes a la fase de diagnóstico individual y la aproximación inicial al diagnóstico colectivo de la situación de salud presente en un colectivo afrocolombiano sobreviviente a una masacre emblemática ocurrida en Colombia. Metodología: Exploración preliminar y elementos de diagnóstico comunitario con 66 sobrevivientes de la masacre del 2 de mayo de 2002 en el poblado de Bellavista, en el municipio de Bojayá, Chocó. Resultados: Se identificaron condiciones socioeconómicas deficientes, diagnósticos clínicos desatendidos, y se efectuó la aproximación inicial a potencialidades disponibles para el afrontamiento de las necesidades en salud individuales y colectivas de la población abordada, representadas en saberes comunitarios y posibilidad de acceso a programas y servicios institucionales en salud para víctimas. Conclusiones: Pese a que transcurrieron más de 15 años desde el momento de ocurrencia de la masacre de Bojayá hasta nuestro trabajo con la comunidad, se encontró persistencia de múltiples necesidades insatisfechas que afectan negativamente la situación de salud individual y colectiva, sin adecuada ni oportuna intervención. Cualquier acción futura que se plantee para atender tales asuntos debe tomar en cuenta las condiciones histórico-sociales que configuran los procesos de salud-enfermedad-cuidado en dicha comunidad.
Salud mental y calidad de vida laboral en fisioterapeutas asistenciales y docentes de Santiago de Cali
Authors: Urrea Arango Diana Carolina , Ordóñez Cecilia Andrea
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer la relación entre Salud Mental y Calidad de Vida Laboral en un grupo de fisioterapeutas asistenciales y fisioterapeutas docentes de Santiago de Cali. Se realizó un estudio correlacional transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 92 participantes seleccionados por conveniencia. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron los cuestionarios CVT-GOHISALO y GHQ-12. Los resultados indican que la calidad de vida laboral y la salud mental se encuentran estrechamente ligadas, la adecuada salud física y mental dependen de condiciones laborales como la remuneración, espacios adecuados de trabajo, incentivos laborales, autonomía y apoyo de los superiores.
Analgesic and neuromotor effects of two extracts of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium (Rutaceae) in the Swiss albino mouse (Mus musculus)
Authors: Villegas-Valencia Melany , González-Reyes Libardo Andrés , Asencio-Santofimio Helberg , Gutierrez-Montes Jose Oscar , García Angelica , Garzón-Gaviria Silverio
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Colombia has a high diversity of medicinal plants, including Tachuelo (Zanthoxylum rhoifolium), a tree belonging to the family Rutaceae, which has been attributed an analgesic use by communities of the Colombian southwest. Nevertheless, this species has been scarce studied in Colombia. The studies have been limited to the isolation of compounds with antifungal and insecticide activity, using the leaves, branches, and bark of the plant in aqueous, and organic extracts. Neither pharmacological tests have been carried out, nor the analgesic and neuromotor activity have been tested from preparations with this plant’s fruits. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the analgesic and neuromotor effect of the aqueous and hexane extract of the fruits of Z. rhoifolium. METHODS: As there were no preliminary reports of this study, the first observation was made through Irwin’s test. The formalin and the rotarod test were performed to determine the analgesic and motor coordination effects, respectively. RESULTS: All the evaluated treatments demonstrated to generate analgesia, anesthesia, passivity, reduction in the alarm reaction, and have antinociceptive activity in the formalin test; while only the high dose of the nonpolar extract generated a deficit in the motor performance of the rodents in the rotarod test. CONCLUSIONS: the antinociceptive effect of the aqueous and hexane extracts of this species’ fruits was demonstrated. The hexane extract generated a neuromotor effect, which validates the ethnobotanical reports on Z. rhoifolium fruits.
Preparation and Characterization of Copper, Iron, and Nickel Doped Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts for Decolorization of Methylene Blue
Authors: Qaderi Jawed , Mamat Che Rozid , Abdul Jalil Aishah
Published: January 2021

The visible-light response is a necessary condition for titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst to function as a visible light active photocatalyst. This condition can be solved by investigation of the bandgaps and the optimization of doping levels of multivalency metal-doped TiO2. In this study, pure and Cu, Fe, and Ni-doped TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by the sol‐gel method. The photocatalysts were characterized using XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDX, N2 physisorption, and UV‐Vis spectrophotometry techniques. The XRD patterns of all pure TiO2 and Cu/TiO2, Fe/TiO2, and Ni/TiO2samples showed the dominant structure of the anatase TiO2 phase. The presence of functional groups at the interface of TiO2 particles was showed by FTIR. The FESEM analysis showed that the particle size of the prepared samples was uniform with spherical morphology. EDX results showed that TiO2 has successfully incorporated Cu, Fe, and Ni metals onto its surface. The BET analysis showed that the specific surface area of the doped samples increased with the amount of doping. The optical properties of all samples were carried out using UV-DRS measurements and their obtained bandgap energies were in the range of 3.22 - 3.42 eV. The pure TiO2 displayed more than 98% and 97% decolorization rates for MB solution at the end of irradiation time of 5 h under UV and visible light, respectively. Among the doped samples, 3 mol% Ni/TiO2 and Cu/TiO2 demonstrated the highest photocatalytic activity (97.65%) under UV light and 6 mol% Ni/TiO2 under visible light for MB (96.86%) decolorization.
Patient-Centred Communication in the Use of Antidepressants among People with Depression: A Scoping Review
Authors: Zaini Syahrir , Sulaiman Ahmad Hatim , Zaman Huri Hasniza , Koh Ong Hui , Gill Jesjeet Singh , Francis Benedict , Tan Chok How , Azhar Fatin Liyana , Ong Jen Yeung , Lim Kuok Quan , Zulkifli Nathratul Ayeshah , Nair Navin , Ng Chong Guan
Published: January 2021

Antidepressants are the mainstay of depression treatment. However, little information is known about patient-centred communication related to the use of antidepressant among people with depression. This review aims to provide a comprehensive mapping of previously published studies on patient-centred communication in the use of antidepressants among patients with depression. A scoping review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane to answer the following questions: What is the nature of published scientific literature on this topic? and To what extent do the published articles address the six core components of patient-centred communication, which are: encouraging effective clinician-patient relationships, obtaining and providing information, responding to emotional states, handling uncertainty, achieving the best decision as well as advocating patient self-management? Out of 494 records identified, a total of 13 articles were included in the scoping review (2 randomised controlled trials, 1 observational cohort study, 5 cross-sectional studies, 4 qualitative studies, and 1 review article). All 6 core components of the patient-centred communication were discussed extensively in the literature except for 2 of them, which were handling uncertainty and patient self-management. Shared decision making (SDM) was found to be a critical feature in patient-centred communication. The six core components of patient-centred communication have been consistently recognized as vital for the process of achieving patient-centred care. SDM can be included as a tool to assist clinicians and patients in addressing effective clinician-patient relationships.
Quantified Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Leaves Aqueous Leaf Extract and Its Antihypertensive Effect in Dexamethasone-Induced Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Azmi Muhammad Firdaus , Aminuddin Amilia , Jamal Jamia Azdina , A Hamid Adila , Ugusman Azizah
Published: January 2021

The quality control of raw herbal materials is important to ensure the safety, efficacy, and reproducibility of herbal products. Herbal products with consistent efficacy should be standardized and quantified based on their bioactive phytochemical compounds. Piper sarmentosum Roxb. has been reported for its antihypertensive activity. However, its antihypertensive effect on dexamethasone-induced hypertension still lacks information. In this study, the quality of two batches of raw P. sarmentosum leaf materials was assessed for heavy metal and microbial contents, and their aqueous extracts were assayed for antioxidant activity. The aqueous extract of the second batch of P. sarmentosum leaves was the only extract that passed the heavy metal and microbial limits and had the highest antioxidant activity (50.00 ± 2.88%); therefore, this extract was used for subsequent studies. The extract was quantified for two phytochemical markers, rutin (0.09 ± 0.002%) and vitexin (0.23 ± 0.007%), using a validated ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography method. The quantified extract (500 mg/kg/day orally) was able to lower the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure of dexamethasone-induced hypertensive rats comparable to the positive control drug, captopril. In summary, the quantified aqueous extract of P. sarmentosum based on rutin and vitexin lowers the blood pressure of dexamethasone-induced hypertensive rats, but its underlying mechanism warrants further investigation.
Startle Habituation: A Tool for Assessing Information Processing Deficits in Zebrafish Model of Schizophrenia
Authors: Png Wen-Yang , Tang Pek-Yee , Ogawa Satoshi , Parhar Ishwar , Mok Siew-Ying
Published: January 2021

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) and habituation of acoustic startle reflex have been extensively used to assess deficits in the sensorimotor functions of human patients and animal models of schizophrenia. These assays require expensive and sophisticated experimental setup for fine control of acoustic stimuli and sound attenuation. In this study, we investigate whether startle habituation assay based on mechanical (tap) stimuli can induce similar impairment in the habituation response in the schizophrenia model of larval zebrafish. For this purpose, a custom startle apparatus consisting of a 9 V push and pull solenoid and an Arduino Uno microcontroller was used to generate tap stimuli at desired intervals. Our results showed that tap stimuli at 1 Hz effectively evoked startle response in the control fishes which habituated after a few trials. The habituation response was significantly impaired in the MK801-induced schizophrenia model, similar to that elicited by acoustic startle stimuli in a previous study. We propose this simple and inexpensive method as an alternative tool for studying information processing and attention deficits in the pharmacological model of schizophrenia in zebrafish.
A Complex Anti-Terrorist Function of the State and Law
Authors: Mits D. S.
Published: January 2021

The State forms and implements the law, and the law, in turn, consolidates state functions. At the same time, the turnover of law stimulation prevails in modern conditions. It should be noted that legal thinking ennobles the national legal system. However, in order to facilitate the modernization of law, it is necessary to assess the regularities between the laws and the functions of the state, including in the field under consideration. The paper evaluates the level of managerial activity and coordination of countering terrorism implemented on the basis of international legal standards, as well as operational and qualitative legal thinking. The paper investigates the anti-terrorist objective of early state response to unconstitutional manifestations and its implementation that forms the anti-terrorist function of the State. Global terrorism and other forms of extremism are penetrating many areas in the world in the conditions of active globalization. The ideological virus raised by the bloody terrorist foam demonstrates a challenge to humanity’s ability to preserve itself in the context of relevant threats of internal and external aggression in the present and the future. Terrorism should, however, be understood as the ideology and practice of influencing decisions at all standard levels related to the intimidation of the population and (or) illegal violent actions. Extremism is referred to an attack on the constitutional system and the security of the State, carried out because of denial of legal norms and (or) rules of social behavior. Anti-terrorist and anti-extremist state response in such conditions objectively depends on the complex anti-terrorist function of the State. At the same time, the function of the State (or a state function) forms the direction of the state’s activity in implementing the objectives of the goal in question.
The Concept of Import of Goods in the Context of Customs Procedures
Authors: Ovchinnikov S. N.
Published: January 2021

The paper, based on comparative analysis of the legislation of the Russian Federation and acts of the Eurasian Economic Union, examines the legislative definition of the concept of import of goods, different approaches to understanding of the concept under consideration. The legislator’s definition of imports as importation of goods without the obligation to re-export them is not entirely consistent with the description of customs procedures in customs legislation, which gives rise to problems in law enforcement. In particular, the importation of alcoholic products by duty-free shops is considered as imports, which results in the requirement to obtain a license for the purchase (import) of alcohol products. The author highlights the discrepancy between this requirement and the law of the Eurasian Economic Community and the lack of uniformity of judicial practice on this issue. Conflicts of this kind in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Customs Code of the EAEU should be resolved in favor of international agreements. It is proposed to exclude the obligation to obtain a license to import alcohol products for duty-free shops.
Mathematical modeling of natural population emission in the problem of forecasting the regional staff needs
Authors: Tatyankin Vitaliy M. , Shergin Sergey N.
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of a study to determine the employment rates of men and women in the context of educational levels for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the possibility of their further application for modeling the natural dropout of the population in the task of predicting the personnel needs of the region. The error of forecasting the size of the employed population was calculated using the employment rates for the regions of the Russian Federation and levels of education. The key feature of the presented approach is that there is no need to calculate the natural decline of the population. As a research method, mathematical modeling was used, based on the supply and demand model of the labor market in the region. The database for the study was made up of materials from the Federal State Statistics Service based on the results of the population census of the Russian Federation in 2002 and 2010 The time period is due to the availability of reliable data. According to the results of the study, from 82 regions in 75 regions, the average accumulated error in terms of education levels over 8 years in determining the number of employed does not exceed 10%.
Experiência de ser esposa de policial militar: um estudo fenomenológico
Authors: SOARES Katarinne , SOUZA Rosa de , MACEDO Shirley
Published: January 2021

O trabalho do policial militar é permeado por diversas particularidades inerentes à profissão, que acabam por afetar sua vida pessoal e sua família. Diante dessas problemáticas, marcantes e complexas, o presente estudo teve por objetivo geral compreender sentidos da experiência de ser esposa de policial militar. Especificamente, objetivou-se, na ótica dessas mulheres, descrever esses sentidos, investigando em que medida o trabalho do companheiro afeta a saúde e a qualidade de vida delas e/ou da família; bem como identificando dificuldades enfrentadas por elas e os impactos do trabalho do companheiro no relacionamento conjugal. Tratou-se de um estudo qualitativo fenomenológico, que utilizou entrevista individual aberta com pergunta disparadora. Colaboraram quatro esposas e as unidades de sentido reveladas foram: vulnerabilidade, sensação de insegurança e atenção constantes; preocupação com riscos à vida do companheiro; incertezas quanto ao planejamento de vida; afetações quanto às mudanças na rotina; limitações na vida social do casal; risco de infidelidade; tentativa de preservação da relação; mudanças no próprio comportamento; e mudanças no comportamento do companheiro. Concluiu-se, principalmente, que há repercussões do trabalho dos companheiros na saúde, qualidade de vida e relacionamento conjugal dessas esposas, o que pode invisibilizar suas condições sociais de serem mulheres.
A Gestalt-Terapia como Clínica do Encontro: Compreendendo a Relação Dialógica
Authors: MOTTA Hinayana Leão , ASSIS Gustavo Alves Pereira de , SATELIS Leila Ribeiro
Published: January 2021

Gestalt therapy constitutes itself as a dialogical psychotherapy, a clinic of engagement.Empirical research on the dialogical existentialism-gestalt psychotherapy interface is scarce.Considering the dialogical relation as the axis of this approach, the objective was to understand the experiences of psychology professionals regarding the dialogical relation in gestalt therapy.As a methodological resource, we used the qualitative research of a phenomenological method, with a semiotic orientation.Open phenomenological interviews were carried out with five collaborators.The data were recorded and transcribed in full.The analysis was based on phenomenological reflexivity, through description, reduction, and interpretation.Results indicate the opening, presence, and use of epoché by the therapist as fundamental elements for the dialogical relation.Positive I-You attitude experiences have been found, suggesting culminating episodes of this process.There was confusion between the concept of I-You attitude and I-You moments, with an appreciation of this principle to the detriment of the I-It attitude, which evidences the need to rethink the formation of the gestalt therapist. Thus, the dialogical relation in gestalt therapy presents itself as a field of phenomenal pluralities.It is up to the professional to thread carefully and attentively in this field of innumerable possibilities.
Postura e Intervenções do Gestalt-Terapeuta frente à Violência Psicológica contra a Mulher por Parceiro Íntimo
Authors: AUGUSTIN Luiza Wille , BANDEIRA Célia Cristina de Albuquerque
Published: January 2021

Psychological intimate partner violence occurs between spouses or boyfriends and often has the woman the victim of this abuse. Since all physical violence was preceded by psychological violence, the importance of this theme is postulated as a form of prevention and alertness to society. The Gestalt-therapist should be prepared to come across these cases and know which positions to take in different contexts. For this, the present study presents a theoretical study on psychological violence by intimate partner based on a research in the main journals of the Gestalt approach in the country. The discussion addresses five terms that have appeared the most in the national works, they are: Environmental Support, Awareness, Phenomenological Reduction, Work with Emotions and Self-esteem. In this discussion, we seek to understand the concepts in light of gestalt theory and its application in the care of women victims of psychological violence by intimate partner.
Vaginal delivery by Duhrssen’s incision in a case of uterine prolapse
Authors: Chakraborty Ankita , Gohain Bandana Shyam
Published: January 2021

Uterine prolapse during pregnancy is a rare condition in which careful assessment and management are needed to prevent complications. Here we report a case of 23-year-old gravida 3 multiparous women with a history of 2 vaginal home deliveries; she presented with uterine prolapse in active labour. She was delivered vaginally by Duhrssen’s incision successfully. This case is reported to show that Duhrssen’s incision can reduce the need for caesarean section in such cases.