bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Managers’ service time determined key motives and engagement
Authors:   Ural State University of Economics, Shavrovskaya Marina N. , Pesha Anastasia V. ,   Ural State University of Economics
Published: December 2023

Introduction.The article is devoted to the problem of engagement and its relationship with the satisfaction of the key motives for the managers with different work experience in the company. The urgency of solving this problem is explained by the close relationship between the managers’ engagement and the company’s performance indicators, which, under the influence of structural transformation of socio-economic processes, stimulates the continuous search for optimal algorithms for managing it. Purpose. The keyobjective of the work is to present the results of a correlation analysis of the motivation sign and engagement values for the managers of a large industrialenterprise during the entire period of work in a company. Materials and Methods. The methodology of the research is based on modern theories of management and personnel management, the humanistic concept of people management. Empirically, the research exploits the results of a surveyamong 629 employees of the “managers” category (59.7% of the total numberof employees in this category) from a large manufacturing enterprise. Results. The paper justifies a close correlation between the satisfaction of the key motives at work and engagement of the managers from the analyzed enterprise.The authors show that there are significant differences in a number of key motives, their satisfaction, as well as in terms of indicators of involvement in the company’s activities, depending on the factor “service time at the enterprise”. Conclusion. The work can serve as a basis for further study of the possibilities of managing the involvement of managers, its relationship with the satisfaction of key work motives under the influence of various external and internal factors.
Mineralogical Indicators of Diamond Potential of the Urals Placers
Authors:   Perm State University, Osovetsky B.M. , Paktovsky Yu.G. ,   Perm State University, Chuyko V.A. ,   Almining Ltd
Published: December 2023

The problem of placer diamond potential on the territory of the western slope of the Urals is considered. The mineral composition of the heavy fraction of the Takata intermediate diamond collector in the Vishera diamondiferous region, which feeds the diamondiferous deposits of the spatially associated Cenozoic depressions, has been studied. Based on known deposits, a brief history of mineralogical studies in the Vishera and Chikman diamond-bearing regions is given. The geological structure, material composition of the detrital material, diamond content, and the proposed sources rocks for the discovered in 2022 currently largest Syuzevskaya placer in the Urals in the Chikman diamondiferous region, are described. Criteria for searching of similar placers in the diamond-bearing regions of the Urals and in the regions with a similar geological structure are proposed. The prospects and problems of the mineralogical method in the Urals region are outlined.
Functional features of natural killer cells in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Nikiforova K. A. , Galtseva I. V. , Parovichnikova E. N.
Published: December 2023

Natural killer cells are a key component of the innate immune system in the fight against tumors. However, in acute myeloid leukemia there is a decrease in the functional activity of these cells. Their activity is under constant control of one or more inhibitory receptors and depends on the balance of inhibitory receptors activation and activating receptors stimulation. This review examines the key inhibitory and activating receptors of natural killer cells and summarizes literature data describing changes in their expression in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
Important issues of professional burnout among hematologists and hematology department nursing staff during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Aleshina O. A. , Nikitina T. P. , Porfirieva N. M. , Vybornykh D. E. , Parovichnikova E. N. , Ionova T. I.
Published: December 2023

Background. Professional burnout (PB) among medical staff, namely hematologists, is of major importance, especially given the current shortage of personnel. It is of extreme value during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aim. To determine the degree of PB development among hematologists and nursing staff of hematological departments of federal and regional medical institutions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the associated factors.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the period from July 2022 to September 2022 in the form of a onetime online survey of hematologists and nursing staff of hematology departments of federal and regional medical institutions in different cities of the Russian Federation. To interview specialists, a special checklist based on an Internet resource (Google forms) was used. It included burnout questionnaire Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and questions related to factors that may be associated with the formation of PB. Statistical analysis included pairwise and multiple comparisons, as well as χ2 test, correlation and logistic regression analysis.

Results. A total of 162 specialists took part in the online survey. More than half of the specialists (52 %) had high degree of emotional exhaustion, high level of depersonalization was detected in 39.5 % of specialists, and low level of personal accomplishment – in one third of specialists (32.1 %). It was shown that physicians, compared with nurses, had significantly higher indicators of PB. The level of problems for all PB components was significantly lower among specialists working in federal health facilities than among specialists working in regional clinics. The specialists who worked in the “red zone” showed a greater degree of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization than the specialists who did not work in the “red zone” during the pandemic. The formed PB syndrome was observed in 16 % of specialists, and its signs – in 42 %. The risk of PB was significantly greater in hematologists than in nurses, as well as among specialists with increased levels of depression and anxiety and dissatisfaction with the level of personal protective measures.

Conclusion. The high importance of PB and the need for preventive measures among specialists of hematological centers and hematology departments in the Russian Federation is shown.
Case report: pomalidomide as maintenance after salvage autologous stem cell transplantation in a patient with relapsed multiple myeloma
Authors: Semochkin S. V. , Lunin V. V. , Vernyuk М. А. , Fedenko А. А.
Published: December 2023

Currently, lenalidomide is the only immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) approved for maintenance therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who have received high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). The maintenance with lenalidomide showed an advantage over placebo or observation for both progression-free and overall survival in a series of phase 3 randomized trials. Salvage ASCT can be performed after disease relapse in case of a long-term response after the first transplantation or if this option has not been performed before. Pomalidomide is a third-generation IMiD approved for the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma, which is efficient in patients with resistance to lenalidomide and proteasome inhibitors. Structurally, lenalidomide and pomalidomide are similar, and therefore the latter can also be considered as a drug for maintenance, however, there are no relevant phase 3 randomized trials. In this article, we present a clinical case of a 60-year-old patient with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who progressed after 2 lines of induction therapy, which included lenalidomide and two proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib, ixazomib). The use of Pd combination (pomalidomide, dexamethasone) made it possible to achieve a repeated response and implement of salvage ASCT. The second ASCT was carried out only 12 months later after the first due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Subsequent long-term maintenance therapy with pomalidomide resulted in a complete response and minimal residual disease negativity. The resulting response has persisted at the time of this writing for over 2 years. To discuss the presented clinical case, the data of the French phase 2 IFM 2013-01 study were used, in which patients with failed first-line transplantation in case of relapse received PCd (pomalidomide, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone) induction, salvage ASCT, and maintenance by Pd until disease progression. Pomalidomide may be an acceptable substitute for lenalidomide in patients with prior intolerance or refractory to this IMiD.
Elotuzumab in the treatment of patients with refractory and relapsed multiple myeloma Experience of the Lapino Clinical Hospital Oncohematology Department
Authors: Ryabukhina Yu. E. , Zeynalova P. A. , Abbasbeyli F. M. , Timofeeva O. L. , Kupryshina N. A. , Valiev T. T.
Published: December 2023

Despite the therapy advances, largely due to the study of molecular biology, multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease, and refractory course or relapses significantly worsen the prognosis. In this regard, the development of effective therapeutic agents with fundamentally new mechanisms of action that provide increased survival is currently an urgent task. One potential immunotherapeutic target is signaling lymphocyte activation molecules (SLAMs), and the anti-SLAMF7 monoclonal antibody elotuzumab is used in combination with either lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Elo-Rd regimen) after 1 prior line of therapy, or with pomalidomide and dexamethasone (Elo-Pd regimen) after 2 or more lines of therapy. The results of studies demonstrated a survival benefit in all subgroups of patients with refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma when using elotuzumab. A manageable safety profile and a low frequency of grade III–IV induced myelosuppression were noted, which allows the use of elotuzumab in combination with lenalidomide or pomalidomide and dexamethasone in elderly and debilitated patients. We present our own experience of using elotuzumab in the treatment of patients with refractory/recurrent multiple myeloma. A clinical case of a patient in whom treatment with elotuzumab was initiated at an early stage (after 1 line of previous therapy) is presented; the effectiveness and safety of using the monoclonal antibody are assessed. A significant improvement in the patient’s clinical condition and positive dynamics according to laboratory data were noted already during the 1st cycle of Elo-Rd regimen with a further progressive deepening of the antitumor response along with satisfactory tolerability and the absence of significant adverse events.
STATE OF THYROID GLAND FUNCTION IN PATIENTS ADMITTED TO CORONARY CARE UNIT
Authors: Khaznadar Amanj , Baban Zaynab
Published: December 2023

Background 

A large number of patients are admitted to coronary care units daily. Thyroid gland abnormalities are one of the reasons which cause people to have cardiac events. Therefore, detecting thyroid gland abnormalities among cardiac care unit patients and early management leads to less morbidity/mortality and a better long-term prognosis for those patients.

Objectives 

The study was done to detect the function of thyroid gland abnormalities and their effect on different cardiac conditions among patients admitted to CCU.

Patients Methods

This descriptive cross-sectional study includes a consecutive non-random sampling of 201 patients. All the patients enrolled in this study were admitted to the CCU unit of Sulaimanya Teaching Hospital and Shar Hospital in Sulaimanya city/Iraq between August 2021 and January 2022. Thyroid function test and lipid profile were checked for the participants. The pediatric age group, pregnant women, patients with malignancies/ severe systemic illness /on amiodarone/ congenital heart disease were excluded. Statistical Package analysed the collected data for Social Science (SPSS) (version 22.0).

Results

One hundred fifteen (57.2%) participants were male, and 86(42.8%) were female. The most common age group was between 45-64 years. HTN(%44.3), diabetes (29.9%) and hyperlipidemia (17.9%) were common comorbid conditions. The most common cause of admissions to CCU was due to ACS (63.2%) and then arrhythmia (22.9%), decompensated heart failure (12.9%) and pericardial diseases (1%). In addition, 82.59% (166) of the participants were euthyroid, and 17.41% (35) had thyroid gland function abnormalities.

Conclusion 

The effect of thyroid hormone problems on cardiac conditions is one of the important causes of CCU admissions. Patients with ACS and heart failure are presented with hypothyroidism. However, arrhythmia is present more in cases of hyperthyroidism.
A Microbiological Study on Clinical Isolates of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) from Sulaimaniyah Hospitals
Authors: Al-Janabi Fadia , Arif Huner , Jalal Paywast
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify and isolate different coagulase.negative staphylococci (CoNS) species associated with clinical samples with their virulence factors. For this purpose, 355 clinical samples were taken from various Hospitals in Sulaimaniyah city. Different species of CoNS were identified by using (blood, MacConkey, Mannitol salt) agars, biochemical tests, and VITEK® 2 compact system. The phenotypic characterization of hemolysin was based on the hemolysis pattern of CoNS on sheep blood agar. Moreover, the biofilm detection in CoNS was performed by using a microtiter plate (MTP). The various biofilm and virulence genes were detected using specific primers to detect mecA, hla, hlb, hld, hlg and the icaAD, fnbA, and bap genes, respectively. The number of MR-CoNS and MS-CoNS were 31 (96.8%) and 1 (3.1%), respectively, out of 32 isolates. The availability of the mecA gene, responsible for the resistance of CoNS to methicillin, was found in (100%) of CoNS species related to clinical samples. Interestingly, the hemolysin genes were detected on the plasmids instead of the chromosomal DNA, and these results indicated that the CoNS could be the primary cause of nosocomial infection.
New Algorithm for Computing Adomian’s Polynomials to Solve Coupled Hirota System
Authors: Muhammad Rebwar , Saeed Rostam , Juraev Davron
Published: December 2023

In this paper, when compared to the normal Adomian decomposition approach, we updated the method of calculating Adomian's polynomial to discover the numerical solution for a non-linear coupled Hirota system (CHS) with fewer components, improved accuracy, and faster convergence (ADM). The novel algorithm offers a viable way to computing Adomian polynomials for all types of non-linearity. We can see that these two methods are both effective for solving non-linear CHS, however, the result provided by our new algorithm is superior to that obtained by the classic Adomian decomposition method. Maple 15 was utilized to do calculations in our work.
Cut Set Theorems for Rectangular
Authors: Sabir Pishtiwan , Qadir Aram
Published: December 2023

In this paper, the properties of the lower cut set and the upper cut set of rectangular
Neopterin as an Inflammatory Biomarker in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Ratha Rawa , Wasta-Esmail Vian , Maarouf Fenk , Omer Hemn , Al-Nimer Marwan , Mohammed Mohammed
Published: December 2023

Background: Early diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) through detection of a new biomarker is crucial to prevent disease deterioration. Aim: To evaluate the serum level of neopterin in NAFLD patients and to demonstrate its role as an early biomarker of NAFLD.Methodology: This is an observational, cross-sectional study that conducted on 71 newly diagnosed NAFLD patients and 60 healthy individuals as a control group. Liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) and uric acid were determined. The serum level of neopterin was measured by ELISA and WBC differential count by a Coulter counter analyzer. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was determined by Wintrobe’s method. Results: NAFLD patients had a significantly higher BMI, waist circumference, and body weight compared to control, also their blood pressure was significantly higher. The serum level of ALT, AST, and uric acid were significantly higher in NAFLD patients than the control. There is non-significant difference between NAFLD patients and controls regarding ESR, lymphocytes and granulocytes, while monocytes and neopterin values were significantly higher among NAFLD patients.Conclusions: Serum neopterin level can be a predictor inflammatory marker in NAFLD patients. Clinical Pharmacists as part of healthcare professionals can support NAFLD patients by educating them on lifestyle modification if the disease is diagnosed early before reaching a critical stage.
Restoration of Global Offset and Limb Length in Primary Unilateral Total Hip Arthroplasty When Preoperative Templating is not Applied
Authors: Kamal Miran , Saeed Arewan , Mahmud Kawa
Published: December 2023

Background: Preoperative templating is an essential step before performing any total hip arthroplasty (THA). Restoration of global offset (GO) and limb length (LL) were among the templating purposes. Thus, we aimed to perform THA without preoperative templating based on clinical examination and intra-operative anatomical landmarks to restore hip biomechanics.Patients and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 40 patients with primary THA through the posterior approach. The lesser trochanter was used to determine the level of femoral neck cut, the femoral component insertion depth, and version, along with adjusting the level of the center of the femoral head to the tip of the greater trochanter. The transverse acetabular ligament (TAL) was used as a reference for the acetabular component version and inclination. To optimize the LL, preoperative clinical assessment, intra-operative comparison with the normal side, soft tissue tension, and shuck test were used. GO was adjusted using the depth of acetabulum after reaming, placing the acetabular component fit or 10% overhang from the ridge and gluteus medius muscle tension. Postoperatively, computed tomography (CT) scan was used for measuring the GO (acetabular offset (AO) + femoral offset (FO)) and limb length discrepancy (LLD) and compared to the sound side. Pre and postoperatively, LL was measured using a tape measure from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the medial malleolus.Results: Depending on postoperative CT measurements, there was no significant difference between the mean normal and operative GO (P=0.894). The mean LL difference between the two sides was 0.38 cm (P=0.007). Clinically, the mean LLD (comparing the normal side with the operated side preoperatively) was 1.001 cm, while the mean LLD was 0.722 cm (P=0.0455).Conclusions: This study demonstrated that when the preoperative templating step is omitted, depending on intraoperative landmarks, neither the GO nor the AO and FO of the operated side were significantly affected. The mean radiological and clinical postoperative LLD was almost consistent, and the mean difference was < 1 cm, which is within the acceptable range. Do not use abbreviations in abstract and conclusions.
Determination of the Common Risk Factors Associated with Road Traffic Accidents in Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors: Qader Delan
Published: December 2023

Increased traffic crashes have been one of the main issues local authorities have experienced due to the increased stability and economic development in Iraq’s Kurdistan region. Any residual risk by collisions that originate from, finish with, or involve a vehicle either partially or completely on a public road is considered a road traffic accident. The present study has been conducted to assess factors associated with road traffic accidents in the Kurdistan region. An investigation was carried out among drivers in the three provinces of Kurdistan. The data collection process was conducted from February 1–March 3, 2021, and was obtained from 1,427 drivers. The questionnaires were constructed according to the study’s objectives: sociodemographic data, driver’s behaviors, weather effects on road traffic accidents, and effects of car lights on road traffic accidents. Data have been gathered using a contracted questionnaire, conducted independently and anonymously. The questionnaire enquires about the risk factors and the situations which might cause predisposition to road traffic accidents and driving behaviors, as well as demographic data and driving style. The majority of the data was gathered from electronic surveys. More than half (74.5%) of the study sample are male; most of them (75.11%) use a seat belt while driving, 4.2% of drivers drink alcohol while driving, and 55.8% of drivers use a mobile phone while driving. Traffic accidents have impacted 9.46% of drivers due to weather conditions, 6.3% of drivers do not have driving licenses, and there is a highly significant association between age and gender with road traffic accidents. Several risk factors that apply to the general population are especially pertinent and even increased among young drivers: drunk driving, speeding, and lack of seat belt use. The study recommends that drivers be encouraged to drive defensively and obey traffic rules and regulations in all circumstances. This can be accomplished by increased traffic awareness and the enforcement of traffic regulations. Furthermore, cities should be equipped with public transportation modes such as trams or trains.
The Effect of Habitual Water Pipe and Cigarette Smoking on Clinical Gingival Status in Non-Periodontitis Sample
Authors: Mohsen Fatima , Zardawi Faraedon
Published: December 2023

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effect of the water pipe and cigarette smoking on clinical gingival parameters of non-periodontitis individuals.Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 176 men and 49 women aged 17–41, and they were divided into three groups (each with 75 participants): control, cigarette, and water pipe. Furthermore, a case sheet and a questionnaire were prepared to obtain the individual's demographic profile and details regarding cigarette smoking and habitual water pipe-taking data. The following gingival parameters: sulcular depth SD, bleeding index BI, plaque index PI, gingival phenotype Gph, recession R and gingival pigmentation, were recorded and assessed for the three study groups. The obtained data were analyzed statistically using SPSS for Windows version 27.0, with P≤0.05 considered statistically significant.Results: Smokers had a higher prevalence of mild brown gingival pigmentation, tooth discoloration, and thick gingival biotype compared to non-smokers (P<0.05). Also, there was a statistically significant link between the type of record and the above indicators (SD, BI, and PI).Conclusions: Water pipe and cigarette smoking negatively influence gingival health measures in non-periodontitis individuals.
Marsupialization as an Organ Preservation Measure in Management of Odontogenic Cyst
Authors: Saeed Rozhan , Aloosi Suha
Published: December 2023

Objective: Odontogenic cysts are a category of intra-osseous lesions that occur frequently. Marsupialization can be the maintherapeutic option for patients with large cysts or lesions to preserve crucial anatomical structures. The goal of this study was to treatindividuals with odontogenic cystic lesions conservatively using the marsupialization method.Methods: Twenty-two patients participated in this research as part of a cross-sectional study designed for statistical purposes. Thestudy included males and females between the ages of 6 and 80 with biopsy-proven odontogenic cysts.Results: After the treatment of 22 patients, data were collected and analyzed statistically. The statistical analysis was performed withthe use of Microsoft Excel and SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The Spearman coefficient was used to evaluate thecorrelation between patient age and marsupialization duration and the correlation between cyst size and marsupialization duration, while the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to illustrate the link between cyst type and marsupialization duration. Moreover, the Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess statistical variations between variables.Conclusions: Marsupialization is a conservative, noninvasive procedure that is effective in reducing the cyst’s size until it is fullyresolved or reaches a certain point suitable for excision by enucleation. The marsupialization treatment was also advantageous inpreserving teeth, bones, the inferior alveolar nerve, the maxillary sinus, and the nasal cavity. The main purpose of this study was topreserve the vital structures that were compromised by the different types of odontogenic cysts, and the treatment strategy successfully achieved that goal.
FUNDAMENTAL INDICATION OF THE «SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP» BETWEEN THE USA AND GREAT BRITAIN
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Lutsenko Nazarii
Published: December 2023

The aim of this article is to shed light on the phenomenon of «special relations» between the United States of America and Great Britain. Despite the fact that the topic gained considerable attention in the academic literature and the term «special relations» is applied to different states and regions, it is necessary to understand its origins. The purpose of the article is to investigate the phenomenon of American-British relations, to analyze the historical and political view of the problem, and to formulate the characteristics of the relations between the United States and the United Kingdom. Chronological limits are determined by the first mention of the term in 1946 and the presidential term of D.Trump, who managed the office in 2017–2021. Methodology of the article. Hypotheses were tested through historiographical analysis and the historical-comparative method were used to analyze published studies on the history of «special relations». The scientific novelty of the study consists in determining the peculiarities of relations between the United States and Great Britain during the tenure of Donald Trump. Therefore, the «special relationship» is a unique historically formed complex of interaction between the USA and Great Britain, which is manifested in various spheres of public life: political (to have an opportunity for better implementation of their own foreign policy), military (the USA and the United Kingdom have an unprecedented level of mutual trust and cooperation in the field of intelligence and nuclear programs), cultural (the historical memory of both nations makes American and British society sensitive to the problems of their «English-speaking neighbours»). We consider it necessary to highlight the following features of American-British relations:the long-term historical interaction that brought the two nations closer together and laid the foundation for relations between the United States and Great Britain; the common ideology of liberalism; cooperation provides an opportunity to better implement one’s own foreign policy; close relations between political figures of states; relations are characterized by periodic «approaching and distancing», which create new challenges for the allies. Each of these features is traced in the relations between the USA and Great Britain and during the administration of Donald Trump. Both states faced a number of challenges in international politics, due to the crisis state of the modern system of international relations. The governments of the United States and the United Kingdom have demonstrated the ability to compromise in critical situations, that proves the uniqueness of such an alliance.
ITALIAN VECTOR OF US POLITICS DURING THE PRESIDENCY OF JOHN KENNEDY
Authors:   Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Odesa, Ukraine, Samofatov Mykhailo
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the changes in the US foreign policy towards Italy during the presidency of John Kennedy (1961-1963). The study examines two main aspects of American-Italian relations of the specified period: the formation of Italian governments based on a center-left coalition, as well as relations in the energy sphere. Particular attention is paid to the personification of foreign policy and the use of American-Italian communication channels outside the US Embassy in Rome. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive study of the Italian policy of the United States during the presidency of John Kennedy. From a methodological point of view, the research is based on historical-genetic, descriptive methods, critical analysis of sources, as well as methods of researching the history of international relations. This made it possible to highlight the Italian vector of the US foreign policy and place it in the general context of the international policy of the Cold War era. The scientific novelty of the study consists of the systematization of the US foreign policy towards Italy in the European context with the involvement of sources and literature that were not previously used in domestic historiography. Conclusions. US foreign policy towards Italy during the presidency of J. Kennedy focused on the problem of ensuring the political stability of Italian governments, as well as the country’s Euro-Atlantic course. The defining characteristic of this policy was the emphasis on supporting the democratic foundations of Italy’s domestic policy, ensuring the electoral support of the Italian population, as well as support from the Catholic Church. The new vision proposed by the US president made it possible to carry out a timely renewal of Italian politics, as well as to propose a new political model for other Western European countries. The culmination of J. Kennedy’s Italian policy was a visit to Rome and the Vatican as part of a European tour in 1963, which provided public support for his policy and contributed to improving the image of the USA in Europe. Thus, J. Kennedy’s Italian policy was in the context of his pan-European policy and correlated with the problem of European unity within the EEC and NATO.
The Potential of Polysaccharides from Various Plants as Constipation Treatment
Authors: Sari Yuli Perwita , Candraruna Dipta Bthari
Published: December 2023

Constipation is one of the disorders of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Lack of consumption of water and food with fiber are some of the causes of constipation. Treatment for constipation patients can be solved by administering laxatives through drugs (pharmaceuticals) or using polysaccharide parts from plants. There are at least three types of laxatives: bulking agents (having the ability to bulk up), osmotic agents, and stimulants. Polysaccharides can be sourced from whole or some parts of the plants. Each type of plant has different polysaccharide components, and their effects on constipation treatment are also specific. The study aimed to review the mechanisms of polysaccharides from various plants parts and explained the misconception of polysaccharide intake as a laxative agent in treating constipation. This review was based on literature studies related to polysaccharides from plants materials and their effects as laxatives in experimental animals. The review found that these polysaccharides have a positive effect as a laxative or digestive aid. In general, polysaccharides from several plants were extracted and characterized to be used as anti-constipation test materials. These polysaccharides can help increase the amount, weight, and water content of feces (bulk), increase peristalsis, speed up gastric emptying and transit time, as well as restore hormones that work in movement in the digestive tract, and improve the condition of the distal colon tissue. These studies are still limited to using animals as experimental test material in polysaccharides to treat constipation. In addition, it has the potential to be further explored regarding the possibility of clinical trials of polysaccharides in humans as laxatives.
Chemical Composition and Toxic Effect of Plant Essential Oil Against Sitophilus Oryzae(L) (Insecta: Coleoptera:Curculionidae)
Authors: Ammad Faiza  , Berdja Rafik  , Hamadat Aissa  , Merah Othmane
Published: December 2023

The aerial parts of Ruta montana were collected from two different locations in Algeria (Berrouaghia and HamamMelouane). A hydrodistillation was conducted and the resulting volatile oil was analyzed by Gas chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The results showed that the best yield in essential oil was obtained in full bloom (0.98%) from the region of Berrouaghia which was higher than the yield of the ecotype gathered in Hammam Melouane (0.82 %). The main predominant component of R.montana collected from Berroughia and HamamMelouane is 2-Undecanone (C11H22O); (59.34%) and (49.39%) respectively. The insecticidal test by in vitro contact assay showed a significant mortality of Sitophilus oryzae traited by R. Montana essential oil (EO). The results of this study showed that the toxicity of the R. montana oil vary with increasing concentration of applied doses on one hand, and a relatively gradual efficiency versus time, which results in improved efficiency on the other hand.
Bioaccumulation Pattern of Heavy Metals in Solanumlycopersicum Co-Inoculated with Red Worm Eiseniafetida
Authors: Zahra Putri Fauziyah  , Sudharto P.Hadi  , Widiartanto
Published: December 2023

Kitchen Pertaharjo is one of the community developments under the guidance of PT Pertamina Patra Niaga DPPU Ahmad Yani CSR which has a business incubator facility. In its implementation, the business incubator is considered to be still less than optimal and there are several obstacles. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate in order to formulate a new strategy for the development of the Pertaharjo Kitchen as part of Ahmad Yani's Pertamina DPPU CSR. In this study, the authors evaluate the Pertaharjo Kitchen business assistance using the Compass Sustainability analysis method. The author uses a mix method to analyze and describe the implementation of Dapur Pertaharjo for Compass Sustainability in 4 aspects, namely nature, economy, society, and well-being which can be taken into consideration for further development steps
Blood Grouping by Seed Extract: An Innovative Approach in Forensic Science
Authors: Kajal Shrivastav  , Sakshi Manhas
Published: December 2023

Background: Blood grouping is a fundamental technique in forensic science, aiding in the identification of individuals involved in criminal investigations and accidents. This research paper introduces a pioneering method that employs plant seed extracts for blood grouping, aiming to revolutionize the field by providing a novel and cost-effective approach. The context and purpose of the study revolve around addressing the limitations of traditional blood grouping methods and exploring the feasibility of utilizing natural compounds present in seeds to determine blood types accurately. The study's primary focus was to investigate the potential of various seed extracts to agglutinate or inhibit the agglutination of blood samples. By conducting extensive experiments and analyses, the research uncovered significant findings. Certain seed extracts exhibited remarkable specificity in agglutinating with distinct blood types, mimicking the reaction patterns seen in conventional blood grouping systems. Conversely, other seed extracts demonstrated inhibitory effects on agglutination, further enhancing the discriminatory power of the approach. This research thus establishes a clear correlation between seed extracts and blood types, demonstrating their potential for accurate blood grouping. Results: In summary, this paper presents a groundbreaking advancement in forensic science by proposing a new perspective on blood grouping using natural seed extracts. The technique's simplicity and cost-effectiveness make it particularly appealing for implementation in resource-constrained settings. Additionally, the ability to utilize common plant seeds found in various geographical regions enhances its practicality and accessibility. Furthermore, the results suggest that this innovative approach has the potential to complement existing blood grouping methods, providing an additional tool for forensic experts to employ. Conclusions: The implications of this research are substantial for both forensic science and criminal investigations. The proposed seed extract-based blood grouping method could substantially expedite the identification process, aiding law enforcement agencies and forensic practitioners. Moreover, its applicability in situations where traditional methods are unavailable or impractical, such as in remote locations or developing countries, underscores its significance. Overall, this study not only introduces a cutting-edge technique for blood grouping but also paves the way for future research avenues in exploring the potential of natural compounds in forensic science applications. In conclusion, this research marks a significant step forward in the realm of blood grouping techniques. The study's findings open up new possibilities for innovative approaches in forensic science and offer promising avenues for enhancing accuracy, efficiency, and accessibility in the field of blood type determination.
From The Germ Theory to Antimicrobials and Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Maha Alshiekheid
Published: December 2023

The recognition that microorganisms (germs) are the major cause of human disease, not surprisingly, eventually had a dramatic impact on medicine. Although there were some farsighted proponents of the germ theory during the late seventeen hundreds, until well into the mid-nineteenth century the theory that disease was caused by bad air (so-called Miasma) held sway. The recognition that microbes can cause disease led to major improvements in hygiene and eventually led to the introduction of antiseptic and then aseptic surgery. The development of penicillin and other antibiotics at last provided a means of controlling bacterial infection, allowing for the application complex medical procedures, such as open heart and transplant surgery. The appearance of antibiotic resistance is no threatening the so-called golden age of antibiotics and there is a desperate need to develop new antibiotics, or new approaches to disease control. This review aims to provide a broad account of the history of the germ theory, which highlights some common misconceptions about the work of some of the pioneers involved, and emphasises the neglected contribution of others.
Ways for Forming Competence of School Students (Uzbek Language of Instruction)
Authors: Alimsaidova Sayyora Amideevna
Published: December 2023

This article reveals the issues of using the main theoretical provisions of teaching - the principles of the formation of sociolinguistic competence of students of secondary schools (with the Uzbek language of instruction), which determine the basic requirements for the educational process, means and organizational forms of education. On the basis of the study, the article reveals and substantiates the fact that the mastery of the studied principles of teaching by students presupposes the teacher's orientation to certain didactic and methodological patterns in the learning process.
The Expression of Terms in Language and in Translation
Authors: Kurbanova Mukaddam Akhmedovna
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The study presents confirmatory research on the linkage between expression of terms and language and translation. Therefore, the relationship of the mentioned facets has been presented in the study. Different literatures have proved that terms whenever expressed impact significantly on the proficiency of the EFL learners in terms of language and translation. Method: A quasi experimental design was sought in the study with the participants invited to participate in the longitudinal survey. The questionnaire was uploaded in the Qualtrics platform for the access of the participants. SPSS program was used to generate statistics and testing of the hypotheses. Results/Discussions: A significant relationship between terms and language and translation was confirmed. Terms impact positively on language and translation capacities of the EFL learners. However, the relationship was termed non-absolute meaning not all aspects of the expression of terms enhance language and translation proficiencies. Conclusion: Overall, the research supports the need for EFL learners to be subjected to a supportive learning environment to boost their emotions. The situation would enhance their proficiencies in language and translation capacities.
The Relationship of Locality and Localization
Authors: Muhayyoergashova
Published: December 2023

In this article, the opinions about the relationship between the Uzbek language as a whole, which is formed by the relationship of interrelated and mutually demanding elements, and the relationship between localization and localization are highlighted..
AI and Pragmalinguistics: Bridging the Gap Between Machines and Human Communication
Authors: Tirkashev Dilshodjon Sharobiddin o’gli
Published: December 2023

Pragmatic linguistics, a field that examines the connection between language and context, is at the forefront of efforts to enhance machine understanding of human communication. In the context of artificial intelligence (AI), which has transformed various sectors, pragmatic linguistics plays a vital role in addressing the challenges of human-like interaction. This article delves into the intersection of AI and pragmalinguistics, shedding light on the possibilities and obstacles faced in bridging the divide between machines and human communication.
Neologism in English Language and I’ts Influence on Linguistics
Authors: Kamola Rafikovna Ismoilova  , G. Z. Shamsiddinova  , N. A. Maxsudova  , M. Z. Turg'unova
Published: December 2023

The article examines the nominative processes and lexical changes that are taking place in the English language at this point in its evolution. It is the language's lexical system, which is the most flexible and mobile, that is always evolving along with the language community's development, enriching itself with new lexical units and reflecting current social trends. This article will look at new terms that have arrived in the language in recent years. The study explores the uniqueness of popular English neologisms and their use in native speakers' everyday speech. The study was divided into two stages: analytical (a lexical examination of neologisms) and interactive (a survey of informants).
Taxonomic Studies on Family Euphorbiaceae Based on Some Morphological, Biochemical and Molecular Characteristics
Authors: Ashwaq T. Althobaiti
Published: December 2023

An informal group of scientists from multiple nations formed the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG), in which experts work together for the development of taxonomy of angiosperms.  The group took into account all new information about diverse plant species using a high steering phylogenetic investigation. The APG has developed four classification systems from 1998 through 2003 and 2009 up until 2016.  Since, the previously classified angiosperm species and their wild relatives were not fully based on monophyletic grouping, the classification has a lot of shortcoming and faults. According to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system, the Phyllanthaceae of order Malpighiales is most important with Euphorbiaceae sensu lato as a pantropical family comprised of hundreds of genera and thousands of species. It has several physical characteristics which are the same as Euphorbiaceae sensu stricto. The most important characteristics include unisexual flowers and a syncarpous ovary. Further, the flowers have an axile-apical placentation without pistillode (rudimentary pistil).  In the Middle East region, the critical taxonomic review of six important genera from 10 taxa of sub-families Phyllanthaceae and Euphorbiaceae were studied for various characteristics using the latest nomenclature, type citation,  and keys for each genus and species. Euphorbia are very rich in natural plant products which have an incredible chemical composition and functional diversity. Compounds were found highly significant and have been the subject of extensive research globally. Further, the genetic composition of Euphorbia is diverse, maturing in various growth forms, cyathial features, and habitats. The molecular characterization of the family Euphorbiaceae also showed a diverse species composition. The members of the family Euphorbiaceae exhibit a palisadal exotegmen with cellular bundles in association with vascular bundles on inner integument as synapomorphies for several major clades. Within current studies on phylogeny and classification of Euphorbia subg. Esula are burning topics comprised of diverse species that make the genus most significant in the kingdom plantae..
Evaluation of Two Bone Anchored Appliances During En Masse Distalization of Maxillary Buccal Segment with Class II Patients; A Comparative Clinical Study
Authors: Ahmed Kadry Ahmed  , Ramadan Yusuf Abo Shahba  , AL-Hassanein Husein Al-Hassanein  , Mahmoud M. Fathy Aboelmahasen
Published: December 2023

Objective: to assess quality of orthodontic tooth movement during distalization by two different skeletally anchored distalizing appliances. Patients and methods: the current study was applied on 22 orthodontic patients with class ΙΙ molar relationship. Patients were divided into two active groups; group Ι: include 11 patients treated by modified sagittal screw distalizer and group ΙΙ: include 11 patients treated by modified distal jet distalizer. Quality of distalization was assessed by the following measurements; first and second premolars root horizontal distance (mm), first and second molars root horizontal distance(mm), SNA, SNB, U1 to FH. Results: The highest change (%) in first molar root horizontal distance (mm) was recorded in group II with a decrease by -11.5 % in the left side and -11.4 % in the right side. Conclusion: Bone anchored Distal Jet and modified Sagittal screw distalizer provide an effective tool for treating mild to moderate class II malocclusion. But the modified distal jet produces high quality of distalization than the modified Sagittal screw distalizer.
OIL AND GAS POTENTIAL TERRITORIES PREDICTION BASED ON REMOTE SENSING DATA. CASE OF: SKVORTSIVSKO-YULIYIVSK TEST SITE OF THE DNIEPER-DONETS DEPRESSION OF UKRAINE
Authors: Khodorovskyi Artur , Apostolov Alexander , Yelistratova Lesya , Romanciuc Inna
Published: December 2023

The methodological techniques developed were used to estimate the fracture permeability of rocks and predicting hydrocarbon reservoirs on the example of the Skvortsivsko-Yuliyivsk test site of the Dnieper-Donets Depression of Ukraine. The rock fracture permeability was estimated based on the interpretation of the lineaments field structural results by remote sensing data. The boundaries of 8 systems of lineaments and their modal values were selected, and the lineament density maps were compiled. The faults identified on the lineament density maps correspond to faults determined on the basis of geological and geophysical data. Maps of the summarized density of lineaments and their intersection nodes were compiled, which reflect the fracture permeability of rocks. Using spatial probabilistic forecasting techniques, it was found that all the maps of the lineament density field had an impact on the hydrocarbon reservoir placement (from 53% to 67.5% of the objects of study are allocated by separate systems) and were used to assess the territory potential for oil and gas exploration. The use of the complex function of the likelihood ratio made it possible to identify more than 90% of the study objects. Maps of the study area potential forecasting regarding the hydrocarbon reservoirs are compiled using the sliding window with size: 4.5 by 1.5 km and 14 by 4 km, which makes it possible to predict survey objects at different depths. 8 zones were selected based on the analysis of the complex probability function. There are 5 perspective areas selected, which make up 6% of the test site.