bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The prognostic impact of body mass index on female breast cancer patients in underdeveloped regions of northern China differs by menopause status and tumor molecular subtype
Authors: Ma Lijun , Liu Ailan , Gao Jinnan , Zhao Haoliang
Published: October 2023

There is growing evidence that higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with lower survival in breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between body mass index (BMI) at breast cancer diagnosis and breast cancer prognosis and whether this association is dependent on menopausal status and tumor subtype in a less developed population in northern China. We collected 1,225 patients with primary invasive cancer in stage I-IIIC for retrospective analysis from October 2010 to December 2020. We used Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses and estimated the relationship between baseline BMI and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). Next, we further evaluated whether the effect of BMI on breast cancer prognosis differed by menopausal status and tumor subtype. We found that death rate and prognosis were worse for patients with BMI ≥ 24, more than four positive lymph nodes, and triple negative status. Interestingly, BMI played a different prognostic role depending on tumor subtype and menopausal status. For premenopausal women, patients with BMI ≥ 24 had significantly lower BCSS compared to those with BMI < 24 in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression (HR: 4.305, p = 0.004) and triple negative subtypes (HR: 1.775, p = 0.048). By contrast, there was no association between BMI ≥ 24 and higher death regardless of tumor subtype in post-menopausal patients (p > 0.05). BMI influences breast cancer outcome depending on tumor subtype and menopause. BMI ≥ 24 might be a risk factor for BCSS, particularly in premenopausal women with HER2 overexpression or triple negative subtype. In contrast, BMI ≥ 24 was not associated with higher death regardless of tumor subtype in post-menopausal patients.
Eco-friendly green approach of nickel oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications
Authors: Sagadevan Suresh , Fatimah Is , Anita Lett Jayasingh , Rahman Md Zillur , Leonard Estelle , Oh Won-Chun
Published: October 2023

The two most prominent areas of nanotechnology and nanoscience are environmental remediation and biomedical applications, which has a strong need to develop cleaner and more eco-friendly methods for preparing functional nanomaterials. This involves incorporating non-toxic chemicals and reagents for converting metal cations into metal or metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), using readily available plant reagents and microbes as redox mediators. The extracts of these plants and microbes contain varying amounts of phytochemicals and metabolites that act as redox mediators and capping agents to stabilize biosynthesized NPs. Considering these natural reagents for forming metal/metal oxide NPs, the present work aims to provide a complete review of the green fabrication of nickel oxide (NiO) NPs using extracts from various plant and microbial sources. In addition, the performance of various biosynthesized NiO NPs and their potential uses in biological applications are discussed.
Development and research of deep neural network fusion computer vision technology
Authors: Wang Jiangtao
Published: October 2023

Deep learning (DL) has revolutionized advanced digital picture processing, enabling significant advancements in computer vision (CV). However, it is important to note that older CV techniques, developed prior to the emergence of DL, still hold value and relevance. Particularly in the realm of more complex, three-dimensional (3D) data such as video and 3D models, CV and multimedia retrieval remain at the forefront of technological advancements. We provide critical insights into the progress made in developing higher-dimensional qualities through the application of DL, and also discuss the advantages and strategies employed in DL. With the widespread use of 3D sensor data and 3D modeling, the analysis and representation of the world in three dimensions have become commonplace. This progress has been facilitated by the development of additional sensors, driven by advancements in areas such as 3D gaming and self-driving vehicles. These advancements have enabled researchers to create feature description models that surpass traditional two-dimensional approaches. This study reveals the current state of advanced digital picture processing, highlighting the role of DL in pushing the boundaries of CV and multimedia retrieval in handling complex, 3D data.
Breast cancer segmentation using a hybrid AttendSeg architecture combined with a gravitational clustering optimization algorithm using mathematical modelling
Authors: Yu Liping , Shaheema S. Berlin , Sunil J. , Govindan Vediyappan , Mahimiraj P. , Li Yijie , Jamshed Wasim , Hassan Ahmed M.
Published: October 2023

Breast cancer diagnosis relies on breast ultrasound (BUS) and the early breast cancer screening saves lives. Computer-aided design (CAD) tools diagnose tumours via BUS tumour segmentation. Thus, breast cancer analysis automation may aid radiologists. Early detection of breast cancer might help the patients to survive and in context with this many approaches have been demonstrated by different researches, however, some of the works are weak in the segmentation of breast cancer images. to tackle these issues, this study propose a novel Hybrid Attendseg based gravitational clustering optimization (HA-GC) method which is utilized to segment breast cancer as normal malignant, and benign. For this we have taken the dataset known as breast ultrasound (BUS) images. This method constructively segments the breast cancer images. Prior to the segmentation, pre-processing is carried out which can be used to normalize the images incorporated with the removal of unwanted noises and format the images Optimization selects the best qualities. An experiment is conducted and compared the results with the parameters such as Dice coefficient, Jacquard, Precision, and Recall and attained over 90% and ensures the usage of present work in the segmentation of breast cancer images.
Shark-tooth artefacts from middle Holocene Sulawesi
Authors: Langley Michelle C. , Duli Akin , Stephenson Birgitta , Nur Muhammad , Matherson Carney , Burhan Basran , Hakim Budianto , Sumantri Iwan , Oktaviana Adhi Agus , Syahdar Fardi Ali , McGahan David , Brumm Adam
Published: October 2023

Although first identified 120 years ago, knowledge of the Toalean technoculture of Middle Holocene Sulawesi, Indonesia, remains limited. Previous research has emphasised the exploitation of largely terrestrial resources by hunter-gatherers on the island. The recent recovery of two modified tiger shark teeth from the Maros-Pangkep karsts of South Sulawesi, however, offers new insights. The authors combine use-wear and residue analyses with ethnographic and experimental data to indicate the use of these artefacts as hafted blades within conflict and ritual contexts, revealing hitherto undocumented technological and social practices among Toalean hunter-gatherers. The results suggest these artefacts constitute some of the earliest archaeological evidence for the use of shark teeth in composite weapons.
Building the Foundations for Information Communication in Sports Science and Its Use in Decision Making
Authors: Torres-Ronda Lorena , Curtis Ryan M.
Published: October 2023

A central component of sport science is the development of systematic analytical frameworks to enhance performance through processes that include data collection and analysis to generate insights. Moreover, sport scientists are tasked with preparing information to be communicated with stakeholders to support better decision making. Communication of information using visuals is becoming one of the most in-demand skills of the sport scientist, but this is just one part of a more complex process because effective information transfer requires more than the production of charts and reports. To promote effective communication, modern sport scientists must be able to gain a clear understanding of diverse data structures and the best way to represent them. They must also develop competency in the disciplines of data management, visual design, and information delivery, which can improve the processes of visualizing, reporting, and storytelling. This article focuses on key aspects related to the collection of information and the communication of findings.
Changes in Cortical Microstructure of the Human Brain Resulting from Long-Term Motor Learning
Authors: Lehmann Nico , Aye Norman , Kaufmann Jörn , Heinze Hans-Jochen , Düzel Emrah , Ziegler Gabriel , Taubert Marco
Published: October 2023

The mechanisms subserving motor skill acquisition and learning in the intact human brain are not fully understood. Previous studies in animals have demonstrated a causal relationship between motor learning and structural rearrangements of synaptic connections, raising the question of whether neurite-specific changes are also observable in humans. Here, we use advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), sensitive to dendritic and axonal processes, to investigate neuroplasticity in response to long-term motor learning. We recruited healthy male and female human participants (age range 19–29) who learned a challenging dynamic balancing task (DBT) over four consecutive weeks. Diffusion MRI signals were fitted using Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI), a theory-driven biophysical model of diffusion, yielding measures of tissue volume, neurite density and the organizational complexity of neurites. While NODDI indices were unchanged and reliable during the control period, neurite orientation dispersion increased significantly during the learning period mainly in primary sensorimotor, prefrontal, premotor, supplementary, and cingulate motor areas. Importantly, reorganization of cortical microstructure during the learning phase predicted concurrent behavioral changes, whereas there was no relationship between microstructural changes during the control phase and learning. Changes in neurite complexity were independent of alterations in tissue density, cortical thickness, and intracortical myelin. Our results are in line with the notion that structural modulation of neurites is a key mechanism supporting complex motor learning in humans.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe structural correlates of motor learning in the human brain are not fully understood. Results from animal studies suggest that synaptic remodeling (e.g., reorganization of dendritic spines) in sensorimotor-related brain areas is a crucial mechanism for the formation of motor memory. Using state-of-the-art diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we found a behaviorally relevant increase in the organizational complexity of neocortical microstructure, mainly in primary sensorimotor, prefrontal, premotor, supplementary, and cingulate motor regions, following training of a challenging dynamic balancing task (DBT). Follow-up analyses suggested structural modulation of synapses as a plausible mechanism driving this increase, while colocalized changes in cortical thickness, tissue density, and intracortical myelin could not be detected. These results advance our knowledge about the neurobiological basis of motor learning in humans.
Prefrontal Cortex Codes Representations of Target Identity and Feature Uncertainty
Authors: Witkowski Phillip P. , Geng Joy J.
Published: October 2023

Many objects in the real world have features that vary over time, creating uncertainty in how they will look in the future. This uncertainty makes statistical knowledge about the likelihood of features critical to attention demanding processes such as visual search. However, little is known about how the uncertainty of visual features is integrated into predictions about search targets in the brain. In the current study, we test the idea that regions prefrontal cortex code statistical knowledge about search targets before the onset of search. Across 20 human participants (13 female; 7 male), we observe target identity in the multivariate pattern and uncertainty in the overall activation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and inferior frontal junction (IFJ) in advance of the search display. This indicates that the target identity (mean) and uncertainty (variance) of the target distribution are coded independently within the same regions. Furthermore, once the search display appears the univariate IFJ signal scaled with the distance of the actual target from the expected mean, but more so when expected variability was low. These results inform neural theories of attention by showing how the prefrontal cortex represents both the identity and expected variability of features in service of top-down attentional control.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTheories of attention and working memory posit that when we engage in complex cognitive tasks our performance is determined by how precisely we remember task-relevant information. However, in the real world the properties of objects change over time, creating uncertainty about many aspects of the task. There is currently a gap in our understanding of how neural systems represent this uncertainty and combine it with target identity information in anticipation of attention demanding cognitive tasks. In this study, we show that the prefrontal cortex represents identity and uncertainty as unique codes before task onset. These results advance theories of attention by showing that the prefrontal cortex codes both target identity and uncertainty to implement top-down attentional control.
China’s Ecological Engineering in the Anthropocene
Authors: Zhu Annah Lake
Published: October 2023

China is the largest contributor to global greening trends over the past two decades, pursuing large-scale tree planting and revegetation initiatives. This type of ecological engineering is controversial, given concerns about China’s authoritarian environmentalism. This essay examines such Chinese efforts and how they diverge from Western environmental approaches based on nature preservation. Chinese environmentalism is based on a tradition that does not delineate nature from culture, the natural from the engineered. This distinction has consequences for global environmental governance in the Anthropocene as China promotes its approach to the global South.
Interspecies Relations in the Midst of the Russia–Ukraine War
Authors: Richardson Tanya
Published: October 2023

To convey the scale of destruction that Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has caused to animals, plants, and ecosystems, analysts frequently use national-scale maps, aggregate figures, and the concept of ecocide. Although necessary, these moves risk portraying Ukraine exclusively as a zone of catastrophe, while obscuring the character of on-the-ground socioecological relations. This article enlarges the space for environmental narratives about war between catastrophe, heroism, and resilience by describing interspecies encounters along Odesa’s Black Sea Coast, in the Askania-Nova Biosphere Reserve, and in the Kharkiv Region.
Early Peanut Introduction in Infants: Improving Guideline Adherence With EMR Standardization
Authors: Herlihy Lauren E. , Walters Elizabeth M. , D’Auria Jennifer P. , Orgel Kelly , Jordan Katherine A.
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVES

Peanut allergy in children is a population health problem. Evidence suggests early peanut introduction (EPI) for infants can reduce the development of peanut allergy. Primary care settings have not widely adopted guidelines recommending EPI. Peanut allergy prevention depends on primary care providers incorporating EPI guidelines into well-child check (WCC) encounters. We aimed to improve guideline adherence in a primary care setting by implementing a bundle of clinical decision support (CDS) tools.

METHODS

Using quality improvement methodology, the team developed a standardized work protocol and CDS tools within an electronic medical record (EMR) at 4, 6, and 9-month WCC encounters. The team executed changes and modifications through plan-do-study-act cycles and analyzed results with statistical process control charts.

RESULTS

We collected data from 445 WCC encounters from baseline through sustainability. EMR documentation of EPI guidance at 4, 6, and 9-month WCCs shifted from 13.9% to 83.5% over 12 months. Provider adoption of smart lists and templates increased from 2% to 73%, the distribution of home peanut introduction handouts increased from 5.2% to 54.1%, and caregiver-reported peanut ingestion increased from 0% to 34.6%. Diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccination rates remained at 100% for 6-month visits, and patient in-room time remained at 65 minutes.

CONCLUSIONS

Quality improvement methodology improved documentation of EPI guidance and increased reported peanut ingestion at routine WCC encounters without impacting other measures. Broader use of bundled CDS tools and EMR standardization could further improve guideline adherence and increase early peanut introduction to prevent peanut allergy in infants.
Artificial Intelligence in Costa Rican Education
Authors: Villalobos Jiménez Rodrigo
Published: October 2023

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“Less” Strong Chromatic Indices and the (7, 4)-Conjecture
Authors: Gyárfás András , Sárközy Gábor N.
Published: October 2023

A proper edge coloring of a graph 𝐺 is strong if the union of any two color classes does not contain a path with three edges (i.e. the color classes are induced matchings). The strong chromatic index 𝑞(𝐺) is the smallest number of colors needed for a strong coloring of 𝐺. One form of the famous (6, 3)-theorem of Ruzsa and Szemerédi (solving the (6, 3)-conjecture of Brown–Erdős–Sós) states that 𝑞(𝐺) cannot be linear in 𝑛 for a graph 𝐺 with 𝑛 vertices and 𝑐𝑛2 edges. Here we study two refinements of 𝑞(𝐺) arising from the analogous (7, 4)-conjecture. The first is 𝑞𝐴(𝐺), the smallest number of colors needed for a proper edge coloring of 𝐺 such that the union of any two color classes does not contain a path or cycle with four edges, we call it an A-coloring. The second is 𝑞𝐵(𝐺), the smallest number of colors needed for a proper edge coloring of 𝐺 such that all four-cycles are colored with four different colors, we call it a B-coloring. These notions lead to two stronger and one equivalent form of the (7, 4)-conjecture in terms of 𝑞𝐴(𝐺), 𝑞𝐵(𝐺) where 𝐺 is a balanced bipartite graph. Since these are questions about graphs, perhaps they will be easier to handle than the original special(7, 4)-conjecture. In order to understand the behavior of 𝑞𝐴(𝐺) and 𝑞𝐵(𝐺), we study these parameters for some graphs.

We note that 𝑞𝐴(𝐺) has already been extensively studied from various motivations. However, as far as we know the behavior of 𝑞𝐵(𝐺) is studied here for the first time.
The Endomorphism Conjecture for Graded Posets with Whitney Numbers at most 4
Authors: Bóna Miklós , Martin Ryan R.
Published: October 2023

We prove the endomorphism conjecture for graded posets with largest Whitney number at most 4.
Refined Ehrhart Series and Bigraded Rings
Authors: Adeyemo Praise , Szendrői Balázs
Published: October 2023

We study a natural set of refinements of the Ehrhart series of a closed polytope, first considered by Chapoton. We compute the refined series in full generality for a simplex of dimension 𝑑, a cross-polytope of dimension 𝑑, respectively a hypercube of dimension 𝑑 ≤ 3, using commutative algebra. We deduce summation formulae for products of 𝑞-integers with different arguments, generalizing a classical identity due to MacMahon and Carlitz. We also present a characterisation of a certain refined Eulerian polynomial in algebraic terms.
Equalities for the 𝑟3-Crank of 3-Regular Overpartitions
Authors: Hao Robert X. J. , Shen Erin Y. Y.
Published: October 2023

Lovejoy introduced the partition function as the number of 𝑙-regular overpartitions of 𝑛. Andrews defined (𝑘, 𝑖)-singular overpartitions counted by the partition function , and pointed out that . Meanwhile, Andrews derived an interesting divisibility property that (mod 3). Recently, we constructed the partition statistic 𝑟𝑙-crank of 𝑙-regular overpartitions and give combinatorial interpretations for some congruences of as well as the congruences of Andrews. In this paper, we aim to prove some equalities for the 𝑟3-crank of 3-regular overpartitions.
Integral Closure of Powers of Generalized Edge Ideals
Authors: Haque Sirajul
Published: October 2023

This article studies a new class of monomial ideals associated with a simple graph 𝐺, called generalized edge ideal, denoted by 𝐼𝑔(𝐺). Assuming that all the vertices 𝑥 have an exponent greater than 1 in 𝐼𝑔(𝐺), we completely characterize the graph 𝐺 for which 𝐼𝑔(𝐺) is integrally closed, and show that this is equivalent to 𝐼𝑔(𝐺) being normal i.e., all integral powers of 𝐼𝑔(𝐺) are integrally clased. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for when 𝐺 is the star-shaped graph. Finally, we give a necessary and sufficient condition when the generalized edge ideal of a complete graph is integrally closed.
Hilbert Metric in the Unit Ball
Authors: Rainio Oona , Vuorinen Matti
Published: October 2023

The Hilbert metric between two points 𝑥, 𝑦 in a bounded convex domain 𝐺 is defined as the logarithm of the cross-ratio 𝑥, 𝑦 and the intersection points of the Euclidean line passing through the points 𝑥, 𝑦 and the boundary of the domain. Here, we study this metric in the case of the unit ball 𝔹𝑛. We present an identity between the Hilbert metric and the hyperbolic metric, give several inequalities for the Hilbert metric, and results related to the inclusion properties of the balls defined in the Hilbert metric. Furthermore, we study the distortion of the Hilbert metric under conformal and quasiregular mappings.
Convexity in (Colored) Affine Semigroups
Authors: De Loera Jesús A. , O’Neill Christopher , Wang Chengyang
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we explore affine semigroup versions of the convex geometry theorems of Helly, Tverberg, and Carathéodory. Additionally, we develop a new theory of colored affine semigroups, where the semigroup generators each receive a color and the elements of the semigroup take into account the colors used (the classical theory of affine semigroups coincides with the case in which all generators have the same color). We prove an analog of Tverberg’s theorem and colorful Helly’s theorem for semigroups, as well as a version of colorful Carathéodory’s theorem for cones. We also demonstrate that colored numerical semigroups are particularly rich by introducing a colored version of the Frobenius number.
Az önkéntes munkavégzés mentális és fizikai egészségmutatókkal való összefüggései az empirikus kutatások tükrében – áttekintő tanulmány
Authors: Dorner László
Published: October 2023

Az önkéntes munkavégzés egy olyan proszociális viselkedésforma, amely hatással van úgy az önkéntesség végzője, mint haszonélvezője pszichológiai és szociális jóllétére, fizikai egészségére és fiziológiai mutatóira is. Tanulmányunk célja feltárni, majd szisztematikus áttekintő tanulmány formájában ismertetni az önkéntesség fizikai és mentális egészséggel való kapcsolatáról az utóbbi évtizedekben született legfontosabb hazai és nemzetközi empirikus vizsgálatok eredményeit. A kutatások eredményei alapján az önkéntesség és a jóllét kapcsolata kétirányú: a legtöbb önkéntes jólléte már az önkéntesség kezdetekor magasabb, ugyanakkor maga a tevékenység végzése is bizonyíthatóan kedvező hatással van a személy fizikai, pszichológiai és szociális jóllétére, amely egyéni különbségeket mutat az önkéntesség időtartamával, gyakoriságával, típusával és a személy egyéb jellemzőivel (pl. életkor, egészségi állapot) interakcióba kerülve. A kutatók jelentős része egyetért abban, hogy az önkéntesség alacsonyabb depresszióval, funkcionális korlátozottsággal és mortalitási rátával jár együtt, amely összefüggés időskorban mutatkozik a legerősebbnek. A mentális egészségre gyakorolt hatás okai között a pszichológiai (pl. énhatékonyság, önbecsülés, élettel való elégedettség) és szociális (a társas integráció és a támogató rendszer bővülése) erőforrások gyarapodását, a pozitív hangulati állapotok növekedését, valamint a negatív hangulati állapotok csökkenését azonosították a vonatkozó vizsgálatokban. A fizikai jóllét növekedése hátterében a megnövekedett fizikai aktivitást találjuk, amelynek folyományaként egy kedvezőbb hormonális, immunrendszeri és kardiovaszkuláris profil azonosítható. Ezen mechanizmusok révén az önkéntesség az egészséges idősödés egyik legfontosabb közvetítőjévé válhat, így közegészségügyi jelentősége mind prevenciós, mind pedig intervenciós szempontból kiemelkedő.
A Gyermek Önszabályozás és Viselkedés Kérdőív (CSBQ) hazai változatának kialakítása
Authors: Nagy-Tószegi Cecília , Rózsa Sándor , Lábadi Beatrix
Published: October 2023

Háttér: Az önszabályozás képessége az élet első öt évében dinamikusan fejlődik, és meghatározó szerepe van az élet számos területén. Az érzelem- és viselkedésszabályozás képessége fontos eleme a szocio-emocionális fejlődésnek, az iskolaérettség kialakulásának, a sikeres iskolai beválásnak és a tanulási képességek kibontakozásának. Az intervenciós programok hatásvizsgálatainak eredményei alátámasztják a korai fejlesztés létjogosultságát és a fejlődési hátrányok kompenzálhatóságát. Mindezek indokolják, hogy a gyermekek önszabályozásának mérésére érvényes és megfelelő megbízhatósággal használható hazai mérőeszközökkel rendelkezzünk. Az önszabályozás területén mutatkozó nehézségek szűrése óvodáskorban és az óvoda–iskola átmenet időszakában kiemelt jelentőséggel bír a megfelelő intervenciós programok megtervezésében és az iskolai hátrányok kialakulásának megelőzésében is. Célkitűzés: A tanulmány fő célja a Gyermek Önszabályozás és Viselkedés Kérdőív (Child Self-Regulation and Behavior Questionnaire, CSBQ) magyar nyelvű adaptációjának elkészítése és faktorszerkezetének ellenőrzése 3–6 éves, neurotipikus fejlődésű gyermekek mintáján (n = 724). Módszerek: A fordítás sztenderd lépéseit követően a kérdőív faktorszerkezetét megerősítő, feltáró és hierarchikus faktorelemzések segítségével vizsgáltuk. Elemzéseink eredményeként egy 19 tételes kérdőívet alakítottunk ki, amelynek a kritériumvaliditását a Képességek és Nehézségek Kérdőív (SDQ) felhasználásával teszteltük. Eredmények: Az elemzések eredményei alapján a Gyermek Önszabályozás és Viselkedés Kérdőív 19 tételes bifaktoros, háromdimenziós magyar változata került kialakításra (illeszkedési mutatók: χ2(133) = 398,71; p < 0,001; CFI = 0,948; TLI = 0,933; RMSEA = 0,074; RMSEA CI90 = 0,065– 0,082), amely jó pszichometriai tulajdonságokkal rendelkezik. Következtetések: A Gyermek Önszabályozás és Viselkedés kérdőív magyar változata valid mérőeszköz, és megfelelő belső megbízhatósággal használható az önszabályozás fejlődésének kutatására, az önszabályozás területén mutatkozó nehézségek kérdőíves szűrésére óvodáskorban és az óvoda–iskola közötti átmenet időszakában, továbbá segítséget kínálhat az iskolaérettség vizsgálatának területén is.
A Continuum Dimensional Algebra of Nowhere Differentiable Functions
Authors: Schlage-Puchta Jan-Christoph
Published: October 2023

We construct an algebra of dimension 2ℵ0 consisting only of functions which in no point possess a finite one-sided derivative. We further show that some well known nowhere differentiable functions generate algebras, which contain functions which are differentiable at some points, but where for all functions in the algebra the set of points of differentiability is quite small.
Transportation Planning and Public Health: To What Extent is Health Considered in Rural Local Transportation Plans?
Authors:   Montana State University, MacFarlance Jennifer , Kack David
Published: October 2023

Transportation systems can impact both physical and mental health, but the effects of transportation planning decisions on health, beyond safety and air pollution, are often overlooked or undervalued (Litman, 2013). Although not the only factor contributing to health disparities, transportation systems serve as a modifiable variable contributing to health behaviors and outcomes (Nieuwenhuijsen & Khreis, 2019). Following a similar approach to Singleton and Clifton (2017), a review of transportation planning documents from the ten most populous counties within the state of Montana was conducted to analyze the extent that health was considered. A directed and summative approach was used to identify and code health-related guidance statements, performance measures, and reference data in the domains of general health, safety, air quality, physical activity, accessibility, mental health, and equity. Although all transportation plans contained health-related guidance statements and reference data, only those transportation plans from counties containing a metropolitan planning organization (MPO) included health-related performance measures. The inclusion of health-related guidance statements and reference data is evidence that local Montana communities are interested in the impacts of transportation planning on health behaviors and outcomes. Without the federal requirements that MPOs must follow, rural governments are not utilizing health-related performance measures to fully understand performance of the local transportation system related to their community’s public health priorities. The existing performance management structure required of States and MPOs could serve as a guide for further integrating health-related performance measures into small urban and rural transportation planning and can assist local decision makers in analyzing progress toward community priorities (Singleton & Clifton, 2017).
Analytical review of the results of salmon fisheries in Kamchatka Territory in 2018–2022 (fore- casts, fisheries, stocks). Communication 1 (Pink salmon, Chum salmon)
Authors: Bugaev A. V. , Zikunova O. V. , Shpigalskaya N. Yu. , Artyukhina N. B. , Shubkin S. V. , Kovalenko M. N. , Lozovoy A. P.
Published: October 2023

The paper considers results of the analysis of salmon fisheries in Kamchatka Region in 2018–2022 (for pink salmon 2017–2022). The material analyzed includes commercial fishery statistics data presenting information on annual, seasonal and daily catches of pink salmon and chum salmon for the main units of the regional stocks. The main patterns are shown and critical points are outlined to justify predictions of the runs/catch of spawners. In addition, multi-year estimates of the variability of spawning stocks of pink salmon and chum salmon with respect to spawning escapement targets are presented.
A Taxonomic Revision of Monopteryx (Leguminosae): a Florally Divergent and Ancient Papilionoid Genus of Large Amazonian Trees
Authors: Carvalho Catarina S. , de Lima Haroldo Cavalcante , Zartman Charles E. , Cardoso Domingos B. O. S.
Published: October 2023

Abstract— Monopteryx is a florally divergent genus of Dipterygeae, an early-branching papilionoid legume clade largely marked by winged papilionate floral architecture, expanded upper calyx lobes often assuming a wing-shaped orientation, and petals differentiated
into standard, wings, and a keel enclosing the basally connate stamens. In contrast to the remaining Dipterygeae genera, Monopteryx has differentiated petals but the marginally coherent keel with interlaced trichomes exposes the free stamens and the expanded upper calyx lobes are nearly
entirely fused with a standard-like dorsal orientation. Monopteryx species are restricted to the Amazonian rainforests, where they have diversified since the last ∼15 Ma, but the divergence of the genus is estimated to be as old as ∼39 Ma. They grow as large buttressed trees
usually with a uniquely “flying” architecture, which are arched from the trunk to the ground and separated from one another, unlike that found in any other species of leguminaceous trees. Its fruits are elastically dehiscent pods and in some species they bear marginally crimped
wings along the sutures. Our taxonomic revision of this ecologically and evolutionarily important, ancient genus includes an analysis of about 135 specimens from across 14 herbaria, including both type and historical collections, as well as recently collected samples from our extensive fieldwork
across remote areas of the Amazon. Grounded on a densely-sampled dated molecular phylogeny of nuclear and plastid data, here we recognize three phylogenetically and morphologically distinct taxa: M. angustifolia, M. inpae, and M. uaucu. After a careful
revision of their nomenclatural history, we also found that M. inpae was not validly published. We subsequently have provided typification of all names associated with species of the genus. This revision also includes morphological descriptions, illustrations, and distribution
maps for all species. We also discuss the phylogenetic relationships between the species and the evolution of selected taxonomically key morphological characters in the context of the entire Diptergyeae clade.
ON THE GENERATION OF COANDA FLOW WITH INFLUENTIAL PARAMETERS IN COAXIAL TRIPLE SWIRLER
Authors: Kasbi Milad Khaleghi , Dafsari Reza Alidoost , Charanandeh Ali , Kim Joopyoung , Lee Jeekeun
Published: October 2023

The effects of five coaxial triple swirler configurations on mass flow rate distribution, swirling flow structure, and Coanda flow formation to transition were investigated. The study utilized a numerical investigation with the Re-Normalization Group k-ε Turbulence model to simulate the internal and external flow field. An experimental setup was also provided to validate the numerical results using a Particle Image Velocimetry system. The swirling flow structure was classified into three categories: Coanda, Transient, and no-Coanda flows. Results showed that the transient swirling flow from the
Coanda flow occurred with a slight change in the outer recess length, which can control the three flow categories. Also, the study found two types of swirling flow structures with cylindrical and bubble shapes with the change in the inner recess length, a key variable in controlling the swirling flow structure. Additionally, the study presented quantitative results to predict the formation of the
Coanda flow using dimensionless parameters composed of momentum ratios of swirlers. Overall, the findings of this study provide valuable insights into the design and optimization of coaxial triple swirler configurations for practical applications.
Structural form for inherent seismic safety: Sardar Patel Stadium, Ahmedabad, India
Authors: Krishnachandran Sethumadhavan , Menon Arun , Sengupta Amlan Kumar
Published: October 2023

Seismic safety evaluation and performance assessment of existing structures provides an avenue to explore the value of the uniqueness of the structural design of many distinctive historic monuments, which thereby becomes a critical aspect of structural engineering research. Many historic structures have good seismic performance intrinsically incorporated through a careful choice of structural form, orientation of principal load-carrying elements and robustness of their structural design. The Sardar Vallabhai Patel Stadium situated in the city of Ahmedabad is a uniquely designed iconic structure of twentieth-century India. Designed by the architect Charles Correa and structural engineer Mahendra Raj, this historic structure is the first stadium in India to have a cantilevered roof structure. The stadium has been included in the ‘2020 World Monuments Watch’, which includes structures that have significant historical significance and contemporary social impact. Accordingly, the Getty Conservation Institute (GCI) has included this structure among 13 significant twentieth-century buildings that receive the ‘Keeping It Modern’ grants as part of the Conserving Modern Architecture Initiative by GCI. This work looks at presenting a structural appraisal of this iconic stadium and performing a seismic assessment of the structure to explore the fundamental load paths and investigate their adequacy in ensuring seismic safety.
Development and Validation of a New Hierarchical Composite End Point for Clinical Trials of Kidney Disease Progression
Authors: Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , Jongs Niels , Schloemer Patrick , Little Dustin J. , Brinker Meike , Tasto Christoph , Karpefors Martin , Wheeler David C. , Bakris George , Perkovic Vlado , Nkulikiyinka Richard , Rossert Jerome , Gasparyan Samvel B.
Published: October 2023

Significance Statement

The established composite kidney end point in clinical trials combines clinical events with sustained large changes in GFR but does not weigh the relative clinical importance of the end point components. By contrast, a hierarchical composite end point (HCE) accounts for the clinical importance of the end point components. The authors developed and validated a kidney HCE that combines clinical kidney outcomes with longitudinal GFR changes (GFR slope). They demonstrate that in seven major placebo-controlled kidney outcome trials with different medications, treatment effect estimates on the HCE were consistently in similar directions and of similar magnitudes compared with treatment effects on the established kidney end point. The HCE's prioritization of clinical outcomes and ability to combine dichotomous outcomes with GFR slope make it an attractive alternative to the established kidney end point.

Background

The established composite kidney end point in clinical trials combines clinical events with sustained large changes in GFR. However, the statistical method does not weigh the relative clinical importance of the end point components. A HCE accounts for the clinical importance of the end point components and enables combining dichotomous outcomes with continuous measures.

Methods

We developed and validated a new HCE for kidney disease progression, performing post hoc analyses of seven major Phase 3 placebo-controlled trials that assessed the effects of canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, finerenone, atrasentan, losartan, irbesartan, and aliskiren in patients with CKD. We calculated the win odds (WOs) for treatment effects on a kidney HCE, defined as a hierarchical composite of all-cause mortality; kidney failure; sustained 57%, 50%, and 40% GFR declines from baseline; and GFR slope. The WO describes the odds of a more favorable outcome for receiving the active compared with the control. We compared the WO with the hazard ratio (HR) of the primary kidney outcome of the original trials.

Results

In all trials, treatment effects calculated with the WO reflected a similar direction and magnitude of the treatment effect compared with the HR. Clinical trials incorporating the HCE would achieve increased statistical power compared with the established composite end point at equivalent sample sizes.

Conclusions

In seven major kidney clinical trials, the WO and HR provided similar direction of treatment effect estimates with smaller HRs associated with larger WOs. The prioritization of clinical outcomes and inclusion of broader composite end points makes the HCE an attractive alternative to the established kidney end point.
Alabama Black Belt Politics: Promise and Peril, 1890-1935
Authors: Hill Talia
Published: October 2023

This thesis examines African Americans in Alabama’s Black Belt—the majority constituent in the region—and their centrality in Republican and Communist Party voter campaigns. The Black Belt, originally named for the geological conditions of the soil, was home to a large enslaved population in the nineteenth century. As African Americans became the largest settled community across the belt’s counties, they were seen as useful constituents, first by Alabama politicians in the early twentieth century, and then, by the Communist Party in the 1930s. Both hoped to mobilize African American voters to bolster support for their own parties. These instances reflect a consistent trend of disregarding Black Belt residents as independent political actors. This thesis shows that despite earlier failures by the Republican Party to politically incorporate African Americans, the Communist Party would later create a mutually beneficial relationship. African Americans worked within the party to advocate for their own needs. This self-advocacy by African Americans is often overlooked in regional histories of the area. 
Analysis of Physical Performance Parameters According to Playing Positions of Amputee Football Players
Authors: Şanal Alperen , Özen Gökmen
Published: October 2023

This study examines the physical performance parameters of amputee football players during a season according to their playing positions. A total of 16 amputee football players participated in this study. Hand grip strength, back, leg, arm strength, visual reaction, 10-20-30m sprint, flexibility tests, resting heart rate, and maximal heart rate measurements performed at the beginning, mid-season, and the end of the season. Seasonally significant differences were determined in defenders' left-hand grip, back, leg, and arm strength tests, and 10-20-30m sprint test scores. Moreover, seasonal significant differences were found in the test scores of the back, leg, arm strength, right-hand visual reaction, 10-20-30m sprint, and flexibility of midfield players. Significant differences were found in strikers' right- and left-hand grip, back, leg, and arm strength, and 20-30m sprints test mean scores. It was determined that the annual training plan had different positive contributions to the players' physical performance according to their playing positions. During the competition season, performance changes were determined by the midfielders' reaction, strength, flexibility, and sprint and the strength and sprint performance of the forwards and defenders.
ИНТЕГРАТИВНЫЕ (КОНВЕРГЕНТНЫЕ) КОНЦЕПЦИИ СООТНОШЕНИЯ РЕЛИГИИ И НАУКИ
Authors: Мекушкин Андрей Александрович
Published: October 2023

Целью исследования является раскрытие содержания и специфики интегративных (конвергентных) концепций соотношения религии и науки.

Методологической основой исследования является выделение двух теоретико-методологических подходов к исследованию корреляций религии и науки: дивергентного и интегративного (конвергентного) подходов.

Результаты исследования. В статье выявлено, что когнитивное сходство христианства и науки имеет генетические корни, ибо новоевропейская наука формируется в XVI–XVII столетиях во многом под влиянием христианских общедогматических предпосылок, доктрин католической теологии, а также их трансформаций в теологии протестантизма. Показано, что русские религиозные философы, не принявшие культа отвлечённого мышления, характерного для западноевропейской научной рациональности, разрабатывают интегративные проекты нового типа мышления — «цельного духа», «верующего мышления», «цельного знания». Принципиальное отличие проекта славянофилов от философии всеединства В. С. Соловьёва связано со спецификой религиозных оснований данных проектов.

Перспективы исследования. Рассмотрение содержания и специфики интегративных (конвергентных) концепций соотношения религии и науки в русской религиозно-философской традиции является важным методологическим шагом перспективной разработки теоретической модели интеллектуальной культуры православия.
СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ МЕХАНИЗМА ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-АНАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА
Authors: Землякова Светлана Николаевна , Комиссарова Мария Анатольевна , Шамота Елизавета Сергеевна
Published: October 2023

Целью исследования является совершенствование механизма информационно-аналитического обеспечения цифровизации предприятий агропромышленного комплекса.

Методологическую базу исследования представляют базисные положения концепции стратегического развития предприятий агропромышленного комплекса в условиях цифровизации. К используемым научным методам относятся сравнительный, причинно-следственный и статистический анализ.

Результаты исследования. На сегодняшний день практика работы предприятий агропромышленного комплекса требует разработки совокупности вопросов, связанных с особенностями изучения отдельных научно-теоретических и практических проблем оптимизации и повышения эффективности деятельности отрасли АПК в условиях стремительного и повсеместного внедрения цифровых технологий. Обработка информации и ее анализ обеспечивается действенным современным механизмом информационно-аналитического обеспечения, которое подлежит регулярному пересмотру и совершенствованию согласно научно-техническому прогрессу на базе современных продуктов цифровизации учетно-аналитических аспектов деятельности предприятий агропромышленного комплекса. В настоящее время внедрение цифровых технологий в сфере агропромышленного комплекса в России развито слабо. Несмотря на повсеместную цифровизацию экономики, большая часть агропромышленных предприятий не торопятся внедрять цифровые инструменты в свою работу. Проблема медленной сферы агропромышленного комплекса актуальна по причине непонимания положительных эффектов такой трансформации и сомнения в экономической целесообразности вложений в подобные инновации. Проведенные исследования позволяют предположить, что структура предложенного механизма с течением времени имеет тенденцию к видоизменению и актуализируется в квалитивный механизм, трендовый современному цифровому прогрессу и его достижениям.

Перспективы исследования заключаются в развитии направлений для перехода ведения деятельности предприятий агропромышленного комплекса по средствам современных цифровых технологий.
ПОТЕНЦИАЛ РАЗВИТИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ ОПЕРЕЖАЮЩЕГО СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ В РОСТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Куликов Михаил Михайлович
Published: October 2023

Целью исследования является определение перспективы развития территорий опережающего социально-экономического развития (ТОСЭР) Гуково, Донецк и Зверево в Ростовской области, преимуществ и недостатков использования ТОСЭР для ускорения развития экономики, в том числе в моногородах.

Методологическую базу исследования представляют законодательные акты по развитию моногородов и ТОСЭР в Российской Федерации, статистические данные российских рейтингов ТОСЭР, научные публикации, аналитические и отраслевые отчеты Минэкономразвития РФ и Минпромторга РФ, Правительства Ростовской области по созданию и развитию ТОСЭР. Использование этих методов и подходов дает возможность изучить цели и условия создания ТОСЭР, их преимущества и недостатки перед другими инструментами экономического развития России, исследовать необходимость адаптации условий создания и функционирования ТОСЭР к современным требованиям, оценить направления совершенствования условия по ТОСЭР.

Результаты исследования. Одним из важных результатов является разработанный алгоритм по вступлению потенциальных резидентов в ТОСЭР с учетом специфических особенностей региона, отраслевой специализации и направлений промышленного развития. Делаем вывод, что приоритетное значение для развития ТОСЭР в Ростовской области 2027 года обусловлено необходимостью повышения уровня и качества взаимодействия муниципалитетов, региональных властей с потенциальными резидентами ТОСЭР с созданием механизма контроля взаимодействия инвестора и государственных органов на каждом этапе участия резидента в ТОСЭР.

Перспективу исследования составляет углубленный анализ факторов, влияющих на текущее функционирование и потенциал развития ТОСЭР в Ростовской области.