bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chaotic characterization of macromixing effect in a gas–liquid stirring system using modified 0–1 test
Authors: Zhang Lian , Yang Kai , Li Meng , Xiao Qingtai , Wang Hua
Published: March 2021

A new approach to extract the chaotic characteristics of the two‐phase stirring and mixing state is proposed for bottom‐blown oxygen‐enriched bath smelting process of copper. By quantifying the local mixing characteristics in the stirred reactor of bottom‐blowing copper smelting, an improved 0–1 chaotic test method was introduced to measure the chaotic characteristics of a time series of mixing index. It was found that the different channels of the RGB image of turbulence flow field are not the same for the contour feature extraction of the bubble; the single‐channel horizontal profile of the single‐ and double‐distributor flow field images shows single and double peaks, respectively, verifying the accuracy of the hybrid characterization. After calculating the mean and standard deviation time series of grey intensity of the region of interest, the median of the asymptotic growth rate Kcorr(c) of the mixing index time series was used as the criteria of chaos detection in the molten pool dynamic balance state. The variability of chaos in different mixing processes has been more accurately characterized.
Strategies for Integrated Capture and Conversion of CO2 from Dilute Flue Gases and the Atmosphere
Authors: Maina James W. , Pringle Jennifer M. , Razal Joselito M. , Nunes Suzana , Vega Lourdes , Gallucci Fausto , Dumée Ludovic F.
Published: March 2021

The integrated capture and conversion of CO2 has the potential to make valorization of the greenhouse gas more economically competitive, by eliminating energy‐intensive regeneration processes. However, integration is hindered by the extremely low concentrations of CO2 present in the atmosphere (0.04 vol.%), and the presence of acidic gas contaminants, such as SOx and NOx, in flue gas streams. This Review summarizes the latest technological progress in the integrated capture and conversion of CO2 from dilute flue gases and atmospheric air. In particular, the Review analyzes the correlation between material properties and their capture and conversion efficiency through hydrogenation, cycloaddition, and solar thermal‐mediated electrochemical processes, with a focus on the types and quantities of product generated, in addition to their energy requirements. Prospects for commercialization are also highlighted and suggestions are made for future research.
Fast Addition of s‐Block Organometallic Reagents to CO2‐Derived Cyclic Carbonates at Room Temperature, Under Air, and in 2‐Methyltetrahydrofuran
Authors: Elorriaga David , de la Cruz‐Martínez Felipe , Rodríguez‐Álvarez María Jesús , Lara‐Sánchez Agustín , Castro‐Osma José Antonio , García‐Álvarez Joaquín
Published: March 2021

Fast addition of highly polar organometallic reagents (RMgX/RLi) to cyclic carbonates (derived from CO2 as a sustainable C1 synthon) has been studied in 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran as a green reaction medium or in the absence of external volatile organic solvents, at room temperature, and in the presence of air/moisture. These reaction conditions are generally forbidden with these highly reactive main‐group organometallic compounds. The correct stoichiometry and nature of the polar organometallic alkylating or arylating reagent allows straightforward synthesis of: highly substituted tertiary alcohols, β‐hydroxy esters, or symmetric ketones, working always under air and at room temperature. Finally, an unprecedented one‐pot/two‐step hybrid protocol is developed through combination of an Al‐catalyzed cycloaddition of CO2 and propylene oxide with the concomitant fast addition of RLi reagents to the in situ and transiently formed cyclic carbonate, thus allowing indirect conversion of CO2 into the desired highly substituted tertiary alcohols without need for isolation or purification of any reaction intermediates.
Political parties' influence on environmental policy in the forest: Natura 2000 forest sites in Germany as a case study
Authors: Göhrs Max , Hubo Christiane , Krott Max
Published: March 2021

While the partisan theory has already rendered initial insight on whether political parties can make a difference in environmental policy, only little is known about their influence on forest policy. This article attempts to reveal the role of green, left‐wing and right‐wing parties in the case of German Natura 2000 policy. By testing whether nature conservation or forest interests are strongly supported by the government policy outputs, we test the influence of the different parties that were part of 62 governments from 2004 to 2018 in 16 German Bundesländer. The results show that the German left‐wing parties take up the ideas of the nature conservation sector, while right‐wing parties foster typical forest interests. Furthermore, right‐wing parties very often maintain the policy status quo instead of making policy changes so that the implementation of the biodiversity goal of Natura 2000 often is postponed. The German Green party does not foster nature conservation interests more strongly than the SPD. Coalitions between right‐wing parties increase the chance for policy outputs that tend to favour forest interests.
Intact pain modulation through manipulation of controllability and expectations in aging
Authors: González‐Roldán Ana María , Terrasa Juan Lorenzo , Prats‐Sedano Maria Angeles , Sitges Carolina , van der Meulen Marian , Anton Fernand , Montoya Pedro
Published: March 2021

Background

Pain expectation and controllability can modulate pain processing. However, little is known about age‐related effects on these cognitive factors involved in pain control. This study assessed age‐related brain changes associated with pain expectation and controllability.

Methods

17 healthy older adults (9 men; 65.65 ± 4.34 years) and 18 healthy younger adults (8 men; 20.56 ± 5.56 years) participated in the study. Pain evoked potentials and pain ratings were recorded while participants received painful electrical stimuli under two different conditions of pain controllability over the intensity of the stimulation (self‐controlled vs. computer controlled) and two conditions of pain expectations (high vs. low pain).

Results

Although the intensity of the painful stimulation was kept constant, all participants showed reduced pain perception in the controllable and low pain expectancy conditions. However, older participants showed reduced amplitudes of pain evoked potentials in the time window between 150 and 500 ms after stimulus onset as compared to younger participants. Moreover, younger participants showed greater negative amplitudes from 80 to 150 ms after stimulus onset for uncontrollable versus controllable pain.

Conclusions

These results suggest that although cognitive pain modulation is preserved during ageing, neural processing of pain is reduced in older adults.

Significance

This research describes the impact of age on cognitive pain modulation evoked by the manipulation of pain controllability and pain expectations. Our findings constitute a first step in the understanding of the greater vulnerability of older individuals to chronic pain. Moreover, we show that older adults can benefit from cognitive pain control mechanisms to increase the efficacy of pain treatments.
Prediction of remaining useful life for lithium‐ion battery based on particle filter with residual resampling
Authors: Pan Chaofeng , Huang Aibao , He Zhigang , Lin Chunjing , Sun Yanyan , Zhao Shichao , Wang Limei
Published: March 2021

Accurate prediction of the remaining useful life for lithium‐ion battery is beneficial to prolong the life of the battery and increase safety. With the capacity degradation curve obtained from the data of the battery charge and discharge experiment, the remaining useful life of the battery was predicted by using particle filter. In order to improve the prediction accuracy, the particle filter with residual resampling method is used to overcome the lack of particle diversity which has an important effect on the accuracy of state estimation. Compared with the prediction result of the extended Kalman filter, it was found that the precision and stability of particle filter are better than those of extended Kalman filter. The research results presented in this paper provide some suggestions for the health monitoring of power battery for electric vehicles.
Effects of pore morphology and moisture on CBM‐related sorption‐induced coal deformation: An experimental investigation
Authors: Chu Peng , Liu Qingquan , Wang Liang , Chen Ertao , Liao Xiaoxue , Liu Yuanyuan , Huang Wenyi , Cheng Yuanping
Published: March 2021

Coalbed methane (CBM) is an important resource of energy. For CBM recovery, sorption‐induced coal deformation can cause significant reservoir permeability change. Moisture content and coal pore morphology affect the gas adsorption capacity and can alter the coal deformation of the coal seam. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a coal gas moisture‐coupled model for CBM production prediction. However, there are currently insufficient data available for quantitative analyses. In this paper, a series of typical sorption‐induced strain experiments were carried out during methane adsorption and desorption on coal samples with different metamorphic degrees and moisture content. The pore morphology and adsorption capacity of coals were measured to analyze the reason for different deformation of coals with various pore structures and moisture. Results show that the adsorption capacity and deformation is corresponding to the specific surface area of micropore, which first decreases and then increases with coal ranks. The deformation and adsorption gas content of dried coals is greater than that of natural moisture coals, which means that moisture can reduce the sorption capacity of coals, resulting in the decrease of gas adsorption‐induced coal deformation. There is also residual deformation of coal samples after gas desorption caused by the residual adsorbed gas in coals. This paper quantitatively investigates the effects of pore characteristics and moisture on coal deformation and the internal mechanism. This work will provide essential information for building out a fully cross‐coupled model of coal gas‐moisture relationships for CBM production prediction.
Differentiated Cells in Prolonged Hypoxia Produce Highly Infectious Native‐Like Hepatitis C Virus Particles
Authors: Cochard Jade , Bull‐Maurer Anne , Tauber Clovis , Burlaud‐Gaillard Julien , Mazurier Frédéric , Meunier Jean‐Christophe , Roingeard Philippe , Chouteau Philippe
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims

Standard hepatitis C virus (HCV) cell‐culture models present an altered lipid metabolism and thus produce lipid‐poor lipoviral particles (LVPs). These models are thereby weakly adapted to explore the complete natural viral life cycle.

Approach and Results

To overcome these limitations, we used an HCV cell‐culture model based on both cellular differentiation and sustained hypoxia to better mimic the host‐cell environment. The long‐term exposure of Huh7.5 cells to DMSO and hypoxia (1% O2) significantly enhanced the expression of major differentiation markers and the cellular hypoxia adaptive response by contrast with undifferentiated and normoxic (21% O2) standard conditions. Because hepatocyte‐like differentiation and hypoxia are key regulators of intracellular lipid metabolism, we characterized the distribution of lipid droplets (LDs) and demonstrated that experimental cells significantly accumulate larger and more numerous LDs relative to standard cell‐culture conditions. An immunocapture (IC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) method showed that differentiated and hypoxic Huh7.5 cells produced lipoproteins significantly larger than those produced by standard Huh7.5 cell cultures. The experimental cell culture model is permissive to HCV–Japanese fulminant hepatitis (JFH1) infection and produces very‐low‐buoyant‐density LVPs that are 6‐fold more infectious than LVPs formed by standard JFH1‐infected Huh7.5 cells. Finally, the IC–TEM approach and antibody‐neutralization experiments revealed that LVPs were highly lipidated, had a global ultrastructure and a conformation of the envelope glycoprotein complex E1E2 close to that of the ones circulating in infected individuals.

Conclusions

This relevant HCV cell culture model thus mimics the complete native intracellular HCV life cycle and, by extension, can be proposed as a model of choice for studies of other hepatotropic viruses.
Valuable aspects of home rehabilitation in Sweden: Experiences from older adults
Authors: Johansson Anette , Ernsth Bravell Marie , Karlsson Ann Britt , Fristedt Sofi
Published: March 2021

Background and aim

Home rehabilitation is an increasing service in many countries due to the aging population. The body of knowledge in home rehabilitation is growing but results are inconsistent, and there is still lack of knowledge from user perspectives to guide practice and home rehabilitation programs. The purpose of this study was to explore valuable aspects of home rehabilitation experienced by older adults.

Methods

Fourteen older persons (nine older adults and five next of kins) were interviewed about their experiences of receiving rehabilitation in their homes. Nine de‐identified interviews were analyzed as secondary data and with qualitative content analysis.

Results

A familiar home environment, inclusive collaboration, and the mastering of everyday life were aspects of value for older adults in home rehabilitation. Creating a tailor‐made rehabilitation together with competent staff, building trust, and providing a sense of security in their homes were also considered valuable.

Conclusion

When using the home as an arena for rehabilitation and collaboration, interventions can be planned based on the older adult's unique conditions and the knowledge and skills of the multidisciplinary team, including the older adult and their next of kin. A valuable home rehabilitation can then be achieved that creates motivation, which in the long term probably also generates desired effects for the older adult. More research is needed on older adult's experiences of content in home rehabilitation programs so that practice develops in accordance with citizens' needs, individual resources, and relationships.
Effects of inflation uncertainty and exchange rate volatility on money demand in Pakistan: Bayesian econometric analysis
Authors: Akbar Muhammad
Published: March 2021

The study explores determinants of money demand (M2) in a developing economy of Pakistan using annual data ranging 1976–2017. The study contributes by two ways. Firstly, it specifically examines the potential impact of exchange rate volatility and inflation uncertainty along with conventional determinants on money demand in Pakistan. Secondly, Bayesian Statistical inference is employed and the estimates are interpreted along with highest posterior density intervals (HPDI) with probability statements in order to cope with the issue of the instability of parameters. The analysis explores the positive impact of real income as well as share prices and the negative effect of interest rate on money demand as predicted by theory and earlier findings. Significant negative estimate of exchange rate shows that substitution effect overcomes wealth effect during exchange rate variations. But magnitude of exchange rate elasticity seems to depend upon strength of depreciation rate and/or future expectations, which may be considered an important research question for future work. Insignificance of exchange rate volatility for money demand in Pakistan is found which requires further research as to know about the behaviour of wealth effect and expectation effect during forex market uncertainty. Most importantly, inflation uncertainty is found to be a potential determinant of money demand in Pakistan. Rising uncertainty of inflation rate seems to have direct effects on precautionary and transaction motives of the demand for money. Findings of this study provides useful insights for policymaking in Pakistan as well as in other developing economies by suggesting inflation uncertainty as the potential determinant of money demand. Finally, Bayesian estimates along with HPDI estimates provide new information about the effects and particularly about the possible range of elasticities.
Approach to the acutely dyspnoeic cat
Authors: Borgeat Kieran , Pack Matthew
Published: March 2021

Background: Dyspnoea, defined as difficult or laboured breathing, is a common feline presentation in primary care practice. Early clinical signs may be difficult for owners to identify at home and often dyspnoeic patients worsen with travel‐associated stress. As such, many cats first present to vets with severe respiratory distress. Acute cases are a diagnostic challenge due to the fragile and unstable nature of the patient.

Aim of the article: This article describes how to strike a balance between the interventions that are required to stabilise an individual and achieve a diagnosis, while avoiding further deterioration by not doing too much too soon.
Understanding and dealing with challenging conversations
Authors: Page Gillian
Published: March 2021

There are few people who enjoy having challenging conversations, but the ability to have these in a professional manner and with understanding and compassion is an essential skill for anyone who holds a lead role in veterinary practice. It is important that challenging situations are discussed with honesty, clarity, integrity and, perhaps most of all – with all the strong emotions that can arise – objectivity.
Anthropology and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies: A 2018 Interdisciplinary Observance in Solferino, Italy
Authors: Mize Ashley M.
Published: March 2021

When I attended the annual memorial in 2018, 159 years had passed since the 1859 Battle of Solferino in a small town (“paese”) of the province Mantua in the northern region of Lombardy. Solferino is so small that Italians from elsewhere in the country will not recognize the name unless you mention the Battaglia (di Solferino), the last engagement of the Second Italian War of Independence. 300,000 soldiers—deployed from the Austrian Empire, the Kingdom of Sardinia, the Kingdom of Hungary, and the Second French Empire—clashed on June 24th, leaving many nations' blood on the Italian hills. With 6,000 soldiers dead and another 40,000 wounded, little did the rulers of that time know the devastating bloodshed at Solferino would inspire one of the largest humanitarian aid programs in the world and bring the once‐battling nations harmoniously together (ICRC, 1998). Henry Dunant was struck by the plight of Solferino veterans and in 1859 founded the Red Cross to provide for victims' families and bring nations together in both war and peace. A century and a half later, over 10,000 volunteers from the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), representing seventy‐six nations, gathered in Solferino to memorialize the battle and celebrate Dunant's recognitions. The importance of anthropology represented here is commemorated by the annual unification of nations from all over the world in a common purpose deeply supported by the history of Solferino. Dunant's impact on Solferino has not only brought cultural awareness to the town but has also brought many nations together in universal humanitarianism through his memoir A Memory of Solferino.
Anthropology in High School: A Mission to Equip Young Students with the Tools and Knowledge to Navigate Social Justice Initiatives
Authors: Haeberle Lily
Published: March 2021

Anthropology as a field of study teaches many important concepts essential to understanding the human condition and accepting all forms of diversity. Unfortunately, most students only begin to encounter anthropological ideas at the collegiate level. In this commentary, I argue that teaching the concepts of cultural relativity and ethnocentrism, two foundational components of anthropological understanding, at the high school level can better equip our younger generation with empathy, understanding, and respect. These three capacities are especially crucial when reacting to today's political and social upheavals, like the Black Lives Matter Movement. Anthropology encourages students to unlearn any prejudices by reflecting on the internalized biases that limit their acceptance of human difference. I assert that this necessary introspection extends to the discipline itself, as anthropologists recognize (and make students aware of) the role early anthropology played in perpetuating the racial biases still present today. Despite (and, indeed, because of) this weighted history, Anthropology and the awareness and appreciation of human diversity it inspires must be used as a tool to teach future generations in American secondary education to recognize and embrace the beauty of difference.
Safety and Efficacy of Oral Human Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) in Hypoparathyroidism: An Open-Label Study
Authors: Ish-Shalom Sofia , Caraco Yoseph , Khazen Nariman Saba , Gershinsky Michal , Szalat Auryan , Schwartz Phillip , Arbit Ehud , Galitzer Hillel , Tang Jonathan CY , Burshtein Gregory , Rothner Ariel , Raskin Arthur , Blum Miriam , Fraser William D
Published: March 2021

The standard treatment of primary hypoparathyroidism (hypoPT) with oral calcium supplementation and calcitriol (or an analog), intended to control hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia and avoid hypercalciuria, remains challenging for both patients and clinicians. In 2015, human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) (1-84) administered as a daily subcutaneous injection was approved as an adjunctive treatment in patients who cannot be well controlled on the standard treatments alone. This open-label study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of an oral hPTH(1-34) formulation as an adjunct to standard treatment in adult subjects with hypoparathyroidism. Oral hPTH(1-34) tablets (0.75 mg human hPTH(1-34) acetate) were administered four times daily for 16 consecutive weeks, and changes in calcium supplementation and alfacalcidol use, albumin-adjusted serum calcium (ACa), serum phosphate, urinary calcium excretion, and quality of life throughout the study were monitored. Of the 19 enrolled subjects, 15 completed the trial per protocol. A median 42% reduction from baseline in exogenous calcium dose was recorded (p = .001), whereas median serum ACa levels remained above the lower target ACa levels for hypoPT patients (>7.5 mg/dL) throughout the study. Median serum phosphate levels rapidly decreased (23%, p = .0003) 2 hours after the first dose and were maintained within the normal range for the duration of the study. A notable, but not statistically significant, median decrease (21%, p = .07) in 24-hour urine calcium excretion was observed between the first and last treatment days. Only four possible drug-related, non-serious adverse events were reported over the 16-week study, all by the same patient. A small but statistically significant increase from baseline quality of life (5%, p = .03) was reported by the end of the treatment period. Oral hPTH(1-34) treatment was generally safe and well tolerated and allowed for a reduction in exogenous calcium supplementation, while maintaining normocalcemia in adult patients with hypoparathyroidism. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Probiotics ameliorates glycemic control of patients with diabetic nephropathy: A randomized clinical study
Authors: Jiang Hongyang , Zhang Yan , Xu Dongyan , Wang Qing
Published: March 2021

Objective

This research aimed to explore the effects of probiotic administration on glycemic control and renal function in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods

The 101 participants were randomly divided into two treatment groups and 76 patients were included in the final analysis. In 76 patients with diabetic nephropathy of type 2 diabetes, a randomized double‐blind and placebo‐controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the administration of 3.2 × 109 CFU probiotic supplements per day (Bifidobacterium bifidum, 1.2 × 109 CFU, Lactobacillus acidophilus 4.2 × 109 CFU, Streptococcus thermophilus 4.3 × 109 CFU) for 12 weeks on glycemic control of patients, including fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), microalbuminuria/creatinine (mAlb/Cr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels. The placebo group daily received empty capsules filled with starch.

Results

After 12 weeks, the administration of probiotics demonstrated a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose (10.68 ± 3.24 mmol/L before vs. 7.81 ± 2.77 mmol/L after, p < 0.05), HbA1c (8.19 ± 1.60% before vs. 7.32 ± 1.20% after, p < 0.05) and mAlb/Cr (101.60 ± 22.17 mg/g before vs. 67.53 ± 20.11 mg/g after, p < 0.05), while only mAlb/Cr level was significantly lower in the probiotic group than in the placebo group after intervention (67.53 ± 20.11 mg/g vs. 87.71 ± 23.01, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, there was no significant reduction of 2 h postprandial blood glucose level (18.95 ± 5.23 mmol/L vs. 17.35 ± 6.28 mmol/L, p = 0.24) and eGFR (84.34 ± 6.97 ml/min vs. 82.8 ± 8.72 ml/min, p = 0.45) in patients before and after probiotic intake. In addition, the placebo group failed to show any significant change of these parameters.

Conclusion

This clinical study revealed probiotic administration could ameliorate glycemic control of patients with diabetic nephropathy, potentiating its therapeutic potential in clinical application.
Phonon anharmonicity of thermoelectric material HfTe5 studied by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Xie Qiyun , Xu Lihuan , Hu Chengxiang , Chen Limin , Zheng Jiajin , Wang Wei , Yin Handi , Cheng Guofeng , Ai Xiaoqian
Published: March 2021

The understanding of phonon–phonon anharmonic effect in HfTe5 is essential not only for fundamental scientific interest but also for its potential thermoelectric applications. Here, rectangular ribbon‐shaped HfTe5 single crystals have been grown. Raman spectroscopy is further utilized to investigate the phonon anharmonicity of HfTe5 by quantifying the temperature dependence of the phonon mode softening and broadening. We focus on the temperature range from 80 up to 400 K since obvious surface oxidation occurs at higher temperatures. It is found that four phonon anharmonic effects are non‐negligible. The phonon lifetime is greatly reduced by the enhancement of phonon scattering, resulting in the low thermal conductivity in HfTe5 single crystals.
Bobcat Hair Cortisol Correlates with Land Use and Climate
Authors: Carroll Rory P. , Litvaitis Marian K. , Foxall Thomas
Published: March 2021

Bobcats (Lynx rufus) have been increasing in abundance in the northeast United States despite a corresponding trend of increased anthropogenic land uses. Inhabiting areas of high human land use can affect stress levels, and hence cortisol titers, for wildlife species by increasing frequency of human interaction and altering habitats. In turn, increased cortisol levels can have negative effects at the individual and population level including decreased immune function, slowed growth and tissue repair, reduced reproductive capacity, and nutritional deficiencies. We quantified cortisol in bobcats across New Hampshire and Vermont, USA, using hair samples, then explored associations between hair cortisol and various organismal, land use, land cover, and climatic variables at 2 different spatial scales. Hair cortisol differed by season and bobcat mass. On average, cortisol levels were higher in fall than in spring, and larger bobcats had lower cortisol levels. Anthropogenic land uses—especially residential and agricultural uses—were the most important predictors of hair cortisol at the town scale ( area = 93 km2). At a larger scale (Wildlife Management Units; area = 1,256 km2), temperature and precipitation were better predictors of hair cortisol, suggesting that extreme weather may have significant effects on bobcat population dynamics. Our results highlight the importance of landscape composition and local conditions in the sustainable management of furbearer populations. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Cotton Ball Self‐Retraction Technique: A Novel Surgical Method Used During Microflap Dissection
Authors: Kim Joo Hyun , Park Joong Soo , Choi Hong‐Shik , Hwang Yong Sung , Ban Myung Jin , Park Jae Hong
Published: March 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

Microsurgical removal with a microflap technique via direct laryngoscopy is considered the primary treatment option for vocal cysts. However, the microflap technique is technically difficult and challenging. Therefore, we developed the “cotton ball self‐retraction” technique to aid in vocal cyst surgery and reduce the cyst rupture incidence. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of this technique in microflap dissection for vocal cysts by comparing its treatment outcomes with those of the conventional technique as well as investigate the rate of recurrence using a retrospective chart review.

Study Design

A retrospective review.

Methods

We reviewed the medical records of 169 patients who underwent surgery with the microflap technique for vocal cysts from December 2006 to December 2017. The patients were divided into two groups: 78 patients underwent laryngomicrosurgery using the conventional microflap technique (group A), whereas the remaining 91 patients underwent surgery with the microflap technique with cotton ball self‐retraction (group B). The voice outcomes and operative data of the two groups were retrospectively reviewed and compared.

Results

The cyst ruptured intraoperatively in 42 of 78 (53.8%) patients in group A and 17 of 91 (18.6%) patients in group B. Recurrence during the follow‐up period was detected in 9 of 78 (11.5%) patients in group A and 2 of 91 (2.19%) patients in group B. The degrees of improvement in assessed voice parameters were not significantly different between the groups.

Conclusion

The cotton ball technique allows accurate and effective dissection during microflap surgery for intracordal cysts.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 131:E2553–E2557, 2021
Dynamics of globalization effect in India
Authors: Gupta Shikha , Kumar Nand
Published: March 2021

As India steps in the fourth decade of globalization, we can look at the fruits of globalization more objectively. The relationship of globalization with growth is much more complex with economies opting for protectionism. The aim of the paper is to identify the pace of globalization in the Indian economy by capturing the portion of economic growth explained by foreign factors. The factor‐induced domestic and foreign factor loadings are used in the time‐varying estimations to suggest the evidence of slowbalization in India. The models supplemented with stochastic volatility help in examining the structural changes in the economy.
MHA report reveals alarming MH crisis among U.S. employees
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: March 2021

Observing that workers in 2020 were more stressed than ever and more worried about their physical health and mental health, Mental Health America (MHA) on March 2 released its 2021 Mind the Workplace report, recognizing the psychological impact workplaces can have on employees.
APA adopts resolution opposing efforts to change gender identity
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: March 2021

The American Psychological Association (APA) on Feb. 26 adopted a resolution opposing efforts to change people's gender identity, citing scientific research showing that such actions may be harmful.
Continuously tunable substrate integrated coaxial line bandpass filters with liquid crystal technology
Authors: Li Xiang
Published: March 2021

This letter introduces two continuously tunable bandpass filters with substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) and liquid crystal (LC) technologies. The tunability of the filters is a kind of electric tuning, achieved by the permittivity changing of the LC material filled in the SICL cavities. The SICL resonator and the electric and magnetic coupling between the resonators are investigated. Then, fourth‐order direct‐coupled and cross‐coupled tunable filters (Filter I and II) with center frequency of 6.5 GHz are designed, fabricated, and measured. The experimental results show that the continuous tuning ranges are 220 and 280 MHz for Filter I and II, respectively. Furthermore, the insertion losses of the Filter I and II are 3.93–4.78 dB and 3.65–4.3 dB over the whole tuning range.
French physiotherapy management of rotator cuff related shoulder pain: An observational study
Authors: Riera Jerome , Smythe Andrew , Malliaras Peter
Published: March 2021

Background

Rotator cuff related shoulder pain (RCRSP) is a common and disabling cause of shoulder pain contributing to great socio‐economic costs. Conservative management is recommended as first‐line treatment, with studies performed in the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands and Australia finding practice generally consistent with guideline recommendations. Current French guidelines for management of RCRSP were published more than a decade ago, and it is unknown if French physiotherapists manage RCRSP in line with the current guideline recommendations. The aim of this survey is to evaluate if management delivered by French physiotherapists for RCRSP is in line with the current evidence.

Methods

A cross‐sectional online survey was conducted and disseminated through various social media platforms and a mailing list from December 2018 to March 2019.

Results

Two hundred and six French physiotherapists completed the survey. The results demonstrated that the majority of physiotherapists provide care consistent with recommended guideline management, through the delivery of exercise and education. Ideology and specific parameters of treatment delivery, particularly exercise treatment, were highly variable among the cohort, but comparable to findings among physiotherapists in the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands and Australia.

Conclusion

French physiotherapists are broadly consistent with providing guideline recommended care of RCRSP; however, heterogeneity exists in the ideals and practice of specific treatment delivery, particularly within exercise management.
Integrated management to reduce fistula‐related long‐term complications and improve the quality of life after arteriovenous fistula surgery: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ning Min , Luo Dan , Ye Gang , Zhang Ting , Liu Li , Peng Fumei
Published: March 2021

Aim

Proper arteriovenous fistula (AVF) management is crucial to avoid AVF complications and prolong its useful life for maintenance haemodialysis (MHD).

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Patients on MHD who underwent AVF surgery at the Wuhan Third Hospital between January 2018 and July 2018.

Results

A total of 144 patients were included, with 56 in the integrated group and 88 in the routine group. There were no differences between the two groups in terms of sex (p = .61), age (p = .62) and type of primary kidney disease (p > .99). At 1 year, the integrated group had significantly fewer fistula‐related complications than the routine group (3.6% versus. 23.9%, p < .001). AVF functional scores were lower in the integrated group compared with the routine group (0.1 ± 0.5 versus. 0.8 ± 0.8, p < .001). The pain scores were lower in the integrated group than in the routine group (1.2 ± 0.4 versus. 1.8 ± 0.9, p < .001).
Commit to Distribution System Optimization
Authors: Andrews‐Tate Cynthia , Chau Kenny , Zhang Yan
Published: March 2021

Long Beach Water Department (LBWD) joined AWWA's Partnership for Safe Water Distribution System Optimization program in 2010 with a commitment to optimize its distribution system. A multidepartment team has since collected performance data and conducted a self‐assessment program; collaborated and adopted guidance from the Partnership's optimization program, including support from Partnership committee members; and achieved profound, positive operational changes.
Water Professionals Reflect on Pandemic Response
Authors: Alston John , Burch Jesse , Duncan Joe , Lykens Ken , Mcintyre Randy , Meyer Grant , Mobley Palencia , Wentink Michael
Published: March 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic has posed the greatest challenge to the water sector in the 21st century. A recent roundtable discussion offers insights from a range of water professionals on the challenges they've faced and the strategies they've used to maintain operations.
Degradation analysis of epoxy resin composites reinforced with bioprotein: Effects of hydrolysis using papain and bromelain
Authors: Faiza Wan , Firouzi Amin , Islam Muhammad Remanul , Sumdani Gulam , Taher Abu
Published: March 2021

Degradation of epoxy‐based composites reinforced with fish scale particles was studied using two enzymes, papain, and bromelain. Mechanical, structural, thermal, and morphological properties of the composites were characterized. Results showed a significant deterioration of the properties after the degradation of the composites. Flexural strength of the composites was reduced by 38% and 13%, respectively, due to the presence of the enzymes. Crystalline temperature of the composites was significantly decreased by 18°C due to the enzymatic attack. A significant amount of weight loss occurred during the degradation process. In addition, the structural and surface properties of the composites demonstrated the degradation of the polymer and the fish scale. Overall, fish scale can be used as a potential filler to tune the mechanical properties of the polymers and to facilitate the degradation of the polymers.
The growing sensory suppression on visual perception during head‐rotation preparation
Authors: Dong Xue , Bao Min
Published: March 2021

Sensory perception is often impaired by self‐generated movements. This effect of sensory suppression has been commonly observed in voluntary hand‐movement‐induced tactile sensation during the period of motor preparation and execution. However, it remains unclear whether such suppression also occurs in the visual domain and if it can be induced by the preparation of other body movements. To extend our knowledge about sensory suppression, the present study investigated visual sensitivity during the preparation of head rotation. Participants wore virtual reality goggles and rotated their heads horizontally according to a visual cue presented on the goggles screens. Before the start of head rotation, a target of Landolt C was displayed at a peripheral location that was directed by the head‐rotation cue or a symmetric location in the opposite visual field. After each head rotation, participants reported the target's orientation, allowing the measurement of the discrimination threshold. Besides, the discrimination sensitivity was also measured in two head‐still conditions with or without the presentation of a visual cue. The results showed that the discrimination performance was largely impaired by the preparation of head rotation. This effect of sensory attenuation increased with the approach of head‐motion onset. However, the attenuation was not found on the discrimination of auditory stimuli during the preparation of head rotation, thus excluding the account of general dual‐task requirement. In contrast to the previous findings of improved perception by preparation of saccade or reach, our findings indicate that sensory suppression rather than attention shift plays a major role during the preparation of head movement.
Free volume characteristics of 2,2‐bistrifluoromethyl‐4,5‐difluoro‐1,3‐dioxole‐co‐tetrafluoroethylene copolymers: Effect of composition and molecular weight
Authors: Yu Dayang , Mao Guoliang , Cai Huaixun , Wang Shuhua , Liu Jiandang , Pan Pengju , Bao Yongzhong
Published: March 2021

2,2‐bistrifluoromethyl‐4,5‐difluoro‐1,3‐dioxole‐co‐tetrafluoroethylene (PDD‐TFE) copolymer is a good candidate to prepare gas separation membranes with excellent permeability due to its free volume characteristics. However, the influence of PDD‐TFE copolymer structure on its free volume characteristics is less studied. In this paper, PDD‐TFE copolymers with different compositions and molecular weights were synthesized, and their free volume characteristics were analyzed by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and a molecular dynamics simulation. It indicated that the molar fraction of PDD in copolymers had a significant effect on free volume characteristics, while the molecular weight of copolymers exerted a slight influence on free volume when the molecular weight exceeded a critical region (intrinsic viscosity [η] > 68 ml g−1). PDD‐TFE copolymers with greater PDD molar fractions (i.e., 72% and 84%) showed bimodal distributions in positron lifetime and free volume size distributions, while PDD‐TFE copolymers with lower PDD molar fractions (i.e., 27% and 35%) exhibited a single peak. The long‐lifetime parameter τ3 was assigned to micro‐cavities formed by [‐(TFE)y‐PDD‐] segments and τ4 was attributed to micro‐cavities formed by [‐(PDD)x‐TFE‐] segments. The cis and trans transitions of PDD led to a local multilayer spiral structure with a 2.6–4.3 Å layer spacing, which would also increase the free volume of copolymers.
Effects of mowing interval on turfgrass clipping tissue characteristics and soil nitrogen dynamics
Authors: Grubbs Rebecca A. , Henry Gerald M. , Cabrera Miguel L.
Published: March 2021

Understanding the role of clipping biomass in nutrient budgets of turfgrass systems is critical to improving N use efficiency (NUE). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mowing frequency on clipping tissue characteristics, N mineralization (NMin, %), and NH3 volatilization (AV, %) from decomposing ‘TifTuf’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy] clippings applied to the soil surface. Turfgrass clippings were collected from two research facilities in Athens, GA, at 3‐, 7‐, 10‐, and 14‐d mowing intervals (MIs). A subsample of clippings from each plot was ground and analyzed using near‐infrared spectroscopy to determine tissue characteristics. Soil from each location was packed into polyvinyl chloride cylinders, treated with grass clippings on the surface or left unamended, and incubated for 90 d. Cumulative evolved NH3 was trapped, and inorganic N was extracted from each cylinder and analyzed colorimetrically after 90 d. Rates of NMin varied significantly across treatments and locations, making it difficult to generate informed recommendations for reducing N fertilization based on MI. Although dry yield (g m–2) and tissue characteristics (carbohydrates, cellulose, and lignin) were found to be significant parameters in predicting NMin, no clear relationship was established between MI and tissue characteristics in this study. More frequent mowing (3‐d MI) appeared to support more vigorous turfgrass growth through greater net clipping yield and may also decrease AV as a function of smaller clipping yield for unique mowing events. Mowing more than one time per week may be more N‐use efficient and promote healthier turfgrass systems overall.
Li+ Selectivity of Carboxylate Graphene Nanopores Inspired by Electric Field and Nanoconfinement
Authors: Li Yingying , Yue Xingyi , Huang Gen , Wang Mei , Zhang Qingwen , Wang Chunchang , Yi Haibo , Wang Shuangyin
Published: March 2021

The regulation of the ion selectivity by electric field and ion association on the Li+ selectivity of carboxyl functionalized graphene nanopores are investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. Carboxylate graphene nanopores of sub‐2 nm exhibit excellent Li+ selectivity under the electric field of 1.0 V nm−1. The results show that ion association inspired by electric field may be a key factor affecting ion selectivity of sub‐2 nm nanopores. The ion association of Mg2+ and Cl− can be promoted obviously near the nanopores under the electric field of 1.0 V nm−1. The migrating of Mg2+ can be retarded by stable clusters of Mg2+ and Cl− formed near nanopores. The degree of association of Li+ with Cl− is relatively low and the disassociation of the Li+ cluster is easier so that Li+ can more easily pass through the nanopores. These results gain insight into the effect of ion association inspired by electric field and nanoconfinement of graphene nanopore on Mg2+/Li+ separation, and provide helpful information for the application of nanoporous materials in extraction of Li+ ion from salt‐lake brine.
Deep domain adversarial residual neural network for sustainable wind turbine cyber‐physical system fault diagnosis
Authors: Jin Yanrui , Feng Qiang , Zhang Xiping , Lu Peili , Shen Jiaqi , Tu Yihui , Wu Zhiquan
Published: March 2021

As a popular renewable energy generation technology, wind turbine system has become a critical enabler for building the sustainable cyber‐physical system (CPS). The main shaft bearing is an important part of the wind turbine CPS and often runs under variable working conditions. Thus, the reliable bearing diagnosis method can timely discover the main shaft bearing fault, which reduces the maintenance cost of wind turbines. Inspired by the idea of domain adaptation, we combined domain adversarial neural network and residual network and proposed a novel deep domain adversarial residual neural network (DDA‐RNN) for diagnosing bearing fault and improving model performance on the unlabeled dataset. This proposed software and hardware co‐design method was evaluated by our bearing dataset, which was collected from two wind turbine CPSs from Sanmenxia in Henan Province. Besides, F1 score and accuracy are served as model metrics, which reflect the diagnosis performance. Compared with other methods, the experimental results show that DDA‐RNN can improve model performance. Meanwhile, DDA‐RNN extracts diagnosis knowledge from labeled dataset and
improves the model performance on the unlabeled dataset under different
working condition. Therefore, the proposed method can be potentially used to benefit many practical scenarios in the future.
Sektorenübergreifende Therapiekonzepte und innovative Technologien: neue Möglichkeiten für die Versorgung von Patienten mit psychischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Hirjak Dusan , Reininghaus Ulrich , Braun Urs , Sack Markus , Tost Heike , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas
Published: March 2021

Psychische Erkrankungen sind weit verbreitet und ein bedeutendes Problem des allgemeinen Gesundheitswesens. Das Risiko, irgendwann im Laufe des Lebens eine psychische Erkrankung zu entwickeln, liegt bei rund 40 %. Psychische Erkrankungen zählen damit zu den epidemiologisch bedeutsamsten Erkrankungen. Trotz der Einführung neuerer Psychopharmaka, störungsspezifischer Psychotherapie und Stimulationstechniken zeigen viele der Betroffenen immer noch eine unzureichende Symptomremission und einen chronischen Verlauf. Durch den konzeptuellen und technischen Fortschritt der letzten Jahre wird eine neue, flexiblere und personalisierte Form der fachpsychiatrischen Patientenversorgung ermöglicht. Sowohl die traditionellen Therapie- und Organisationskonzepte als auch neuere dezentral arbeitende, modular aufgebaute, stationär-teilstationär-ambulante Einheiten werden zusammen mit innovativen digitalen Technologien vielen betroffenen Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen individualisierte Therapieoptionen bieten, welche ihre Symptome bestmöglich lindern und ihre Lebensqualität erheblich verbessern könnten. Das primäre Ziel der engen Verknüpfung von modernen Versorgungskonzepten und innovativen Technologien ist es, ein umfassendes Therapie- und Nachsorgekonzept (innerhalb und außerhalb der Klinik) für die individuellen Bedürfnisse von Menschen mit psychischer Erkrankung bereitzustellen. Nicht zuletzt wird dadurch auch eine ortsunabhängige Verfügbarkeit der fachärztlichen Behandlung erreicht. In der Psychiatrie des 21. Jahrhunderts müssen moderne Versorgungsstrukturen mit der aktuellen Dynamik der digitalen Transformation effektiv verknüpft werden. Die vorliegende selektive Übersichtsarbeit widmet sich den theoretischen und praktischen Gesichtspunkten eines sektorenübergreifenden Behandlungssystems kombiniert mit innovativen digitalen Technologien im psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischen Fachbereich am Beispiel des Zentralinstituts für Seelische Gesundheit in Mannheim.