bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penanaman Nilai Karakter melalui Kegiatan Muqona (Muhadoroh Qobla Naum) di Pondok Pesantren Khairul Ummah
Authors: Saputra Indrian , Rinaldi Rinaldi
Published: October 2024

Karakter adalah nilai dasar yang membangun pribadi seseorang, terbentuk baik karena pengaruh hereditas maupun pengaruh lingkungan, yang membedakannya dengan orang lain, serta diwujudkan dalam sikap dan perilakunya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Karakter ini bisa juga di wujudkan dengan kegaiatan muhadharah. Menurut Kamus Bahasa Arab, muhadharah berasal dari kata hadhara yang berarti berbicara atau berucap. Maka, muhadharah dapat diartikan sebagai suatu pembicaraan atau ucapan. Namun, dalam konteks keagamaan Islam, muhadharah memiliki makna yang lebih khusus.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengembangan karakter dalam kegiatan Mukona (Muhadharah Qabla Naum) di Pondok Pesantren Khairul Ummah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dan kualitatif dengan menggunakan data yang diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sangat penting untuk mengembangkan sifat-sifat karakter seperti kedisiplinan, rasa percaya diri, kreativitas, dan rasa tanggung jawab dalam kegiatan muqona siswa. Melalui kegiatan Muhadharah Qabla Naum diharapkan para mahasiswa mempunyai rasa percaya diri dan keberanian untuk naik podium. Memberikan nasehat kepada banyak orang dan menumbuhkan sikap disiplin, kreatif dan bertanggung jawab terhadap beban yang dipercayakan kepada kita. Dan Strategi pendidikan karakter yang diterapkan adalah sebagai berikut. 1) Teladan. 2) Belajar. 3) Pemberdayaan dan akulturasi budaya. 4) Penguatan.5) Evaluasi.
Improving Students' Problem-Solving Ability in the Concept of Tolerance through Problem-Based and Cooperative Learning in Islamic Education
Authors: Fauzan Muchamad Bima Akbar , Widayanti Esti Yuli , Daryono Rihab Wit
Published: October 2024

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Cooperative Learning (CL) methods have an important role in improving problem-solving abilities. In the PBL method, students are invited to face real problems with problem-solving skills in finding solutions. Meanwhile, in CL, students work in small groups and share knowledge to achieve deeper understanding. The aim of this research is for students to improve their problem-solving abilities through PBL and CL learning methods. This research is an experimental type with data collection techniques in the form of pretest and posttest in experimental classes 8A and 8B. Normality test data analysis uses Shapiro Wilk, while hypothesis testing uses independent and paired sample t-tests and N-gain tests. The results of this study show that the PBL and CL methods can improve students' problem-solving abilities with experimental class 8A (PBL) learning outcomes of 77.125%; while for experimental class 8B (CL) 71.490%. Meanwhile, the independent sample t-test showed that there were no significant differences in the pre-test and post-test learning results with ρ-value = 0.758 and 0.347 (>0.05). The conclusion in this research is that there is no significant difference in problem-solving abilities in the concept of tolerance through PBL and CL. Furthermore, the implications of this research emphasize real problems that require a tolerant approach. This research recommends teachers in implementing an important learning model by using case studies about interreligious conflicts in society and how to apply the principles of tolerance in resolving these conflicts.
Socio-Demographic and Health-Related Predictors of Perceived Academic Performance of Students: An Academe-Centered Analysis
Authors: Sevilla Yvonne M. , Picardo Resty L. , Serad Joel B. , Bacarisas Joan P. , Coronado Rosenie S. , A. Amores Geronima Emma
Published: October 2024

The knowledge of the world that one acquires through education has a significant impact in the future lives and enables people to comprehend the events that are taking place in a manner that is significantly more cohesive. In the meantime, educational achievement is a measurement that is based on the academic performance of an individual student. A path analysis on the academic performance with personal characteristics and health factors is scarcely being done. This quantitative research made use of the descriptive, correlational (associative and predictive) design. The study further took the path analysis to assess the predictors and correlates of academic performance of students of higher education institution in Cebu City during the academic year 2023-2024. The findings of the study revealed that most of the respondents were 18 to 20 years old. There was an almost equal number of male and female. Almost a quarter were coming from the College of Maritime Education and almost a quarter of them took the Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation. Majority had their residence in the city and majority were living with their family. The dietary healthy choices and social and mental balance were good while dietary harm avoidance, daily routine, organized physical exercise were poor. Overall, the health lifestyle and personal control of the respondents was poor. Physical, cognitive, psychological/emotional, behavioral, interpersonal, and existential self-care practices were good. Overall, the self-care practices was good. The personal well-being was high. Overall, the respondents had a good perceived academic performance. The path model revealed that the age, gender, self-care practices and personal well-being were predictors of perceived academic performance while the personal characteristics of college and the variable health lifestyle and personal control were the correlates of perceived academic performance. The model further explains that gender predicts health lifestyle and personal control as residency predicts self-care practices while age was a correlate of health lifestyle and personal control while college was a correlate of personal well-being. Based on the findings, an academic performance framework and academic performance enhancement plans was proposed.
Extent of Implementation of School Based Management (SBM) in Selected Secondary Schools in Camarines Norte: Basis for Policy Recommendation
Authors: Quinones Janice Ii D. , Abanto Rusty G.
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to assess the implementation of School-Based Management (SBM) in secondary schools in Camarines Norte, Philippines focusing on leadership, governance, curriculum, accountability, and resource management. The research sought to explore the schools’ profile, the extent of SBM implementation, and the challenges faced by implementers. The study involved 34 schools and utilized a survey and documentary analysis to gather data. Key findings revealed that 41.2% of schools had populations between 251-500, with the majority being medium-sized. Most schools (85.3%) offered junior and senior high school programs. However, 14.7% had no senior high strands. SBM practices were assessed through various policies such as the School Improvement Plan (SIP) and the School Governance Council (SGC). While the SIP was widely implemented, there were inconsistencies in SGC operations. Notably, none of the schools submitted School Report Cards, affecting transparency. The extent of SBM implementation showed strong performance across all domains, with leadership, governance, and curriculum scoring highly. However, challenges included insufficient stakeholder involvement, irregular SIP reviews, and limited localization of the curriculum. Correlation analysis indicated no significant relationship between the schools’ profile and SBM implementation. Recommendations focused on enhancing leadership structures, curriculum localization, and improved accountability through stakeholder engagement. These suggestions aim to strengthen SBM practices and promote effective school management.
NURSING PERFORMANCE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE AND DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: F. Nascimento Jocinete
Published: October 2024

The goal was to identify the importance of nursing care to the patient with renal impairment and diabetes mellitus. As for the methodology, we opted for a bibliographic review by searching in Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (Lilacs), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo) and Nursing Database (BDEF). and Discussion: It was observed that diabetes is a chronic disease that is characterized by changes in glucose metabolism, whether by poor insulin production-type 1, or by resistance to its action, as it has happened in type 2. That the performance of nursing in the care of patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure is critical, where the professional employs a systematization of nursing care ensuring the patient a whole and individualized care. It is concluded that the nursing team should act in the promotion of health and/or prevention of diseases such as diabetes and their comorbidities. Also, it was observed in this review that the actions of permanent education and orientation of patients for self-care should be intensely promoted by nurses, among this population who, because they have diabetes mellitus, are pre-discredted the risk factors for development of chronic renal failure.
The frequency of sleep disorders and their relationship with demographic factors in patients with tinnitus
Authors: Haznedar Berzan
Published: October 2024

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of sleep disorders in individuals diagnosed with tinnitus and to investigate the effect of demographic factors on these disorders.
Methods: This retrospective study included 112 patients diagnosed with tinnitus between January 2018 and December 2019 at the Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital's otolaryngology clinic. The electronic files of the participants in the study were examined for sleep disorders such as insomnia, hypersomnia, inability to fall asleep, sleep terrors, sleepwalking according to ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. The effect of demographic findings on sleep disorders were examined with multivariable regression analysis.
Result: The mean age of the study population was 38.12±11.35 years and 48.21% were female. The frequency of sleep disorders was 20.5%. The female gender ratio, body mass index (BMI), smoking users and housewife ratio were higher in the group with tinnitus and sleep disorders compared to the group with isolated tinnitus. The mean age was higher in the group with isolated tinnitus compared to the group with tinnitus and sleep disorders. Advancing age (OR = 1.33, p = 0.038) and elevated BMI levels (OR = 1.55, p = 0.035) were associated with an increased likelihood of sleep disorders, whereas male gender (OR = 0.74, p = 0.038) was associated with a decreased likelihood.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that that sleep disorders are prevalent in tinnitus patients. Advancing age and increased BMI were tied to a higher likelihood of sleep disorders in tinnitus patients, whereas male gender was linked to a reduced risk. These results indicate that demographic factors should be taken into account when managing sleep disorders in tinnitus patients.
Quantitative analysis of impression-taking performance - a pilot study to visualize invisible technical steps in dental procedures
Authors: Tsuzuno Sayaka , Sato Takumi , Nakamura Futoshi , Nomura Mizuki , Hasegawa Mana , Fujii Noritaka
Published: October 2024

Aims: Dental procedures involve intricate techniques that can be challenging to visualize, often hindering imitation and assessment. In this study, the impression-taking performance of abutment teeth was quantitatively analyzed to create objective indexes for dental skill education.
Methods: Participants were divided into two groups of different clinical experience levels: 10 dentists and 10 dental students. An aluminum model of abutment teeth was employed to simplify the experiment. An optical motion capture system (VICON, Oxford, UK) measured participants’ movements. The impression accuracy, time length on the analyzed section, impression material pouring speed, total amount of impression material used, and syringe tip trajectory were evaluated. Fisher’s exact test and Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare the two groups’ results (?=0.05).
Results: In the dentist group, there were few apparent failures and a high impression accuracy. The amount of impression material dispensed tended to be larger in the dentist group, with longer practice time and slower syringe movement speed. This suggested that the inexperienced participants were sufficiently unable to pour out the impression material. The syringe tip trajectories were not significantly different between the groups. An instructor’s advice is often limited to abstract feedback; therefore, specific suggestions might assist in effective skill education.
Conclusion: It is possible to quantitatively analyze impression-taking performance and provide helpful information for dental skill education by using this system.
Substance use in pregnancy and nursing approach
Authors: Karagözlü Beyza , Tandoğan Özden
Published: October 2024

Substance abuse, which is increasing rapidly in Turkiye is more common in men than in women. Although it is more common in men, it has more destructive effects on women. Due to biological gender differences, many problems have been encountered during pregnancy and afterwards, which are reflected on the baby. Substance use during pregnancy is the leading cause of poor birth outcomes, maternal complications and related health expenditures. The adverse medical, psychiatric and functional consequences associated with substance use disorders are generally more severe in women. However, men and women differ in terms of substance use disorder treatment. The aim of this review is to highlight the impact of substance use on women's health and how it affects their social lives.
Review: Solved: how the world’s great cities are solving the climate crisis by David Miller
Authors: Smith Randal
Published: October 2024

This new, paperback edition of Solved by David Miller is a re-issue of the original published in 2020, with an additional chapter updating the reader on the urgency for cities to contribute to tackling climate change. Miller’s argument rests, essentially, on the theory of incremental gains. That is, when multiple small improvements are made in an iterative manner, big outcomes are the result. Simply put, it comes down to: Get on with what you can now and don’t wait for an all-encompassing solution that everyone agrees with. The planet is burning. Demonstrating that we can all play our part is the compelling argument of the book.
¿Hacia dónde vamos?
Authors: CIDAI UCA
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 39, No. 431, 1984: 679-682.
Julio-agosto
Authors: Anaya Eugenio C.
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 39, No. 431, 1984: 702-707.
Homoeopathic perceptions of gut dysbiosis as a clinically significant obstacle to cure
Authors:   , Hendriks Marizel
Published: October 2024

Echoing Hippocrates' notion that “All diseaes begin in the gut”, recent scientific research strengthens the connection between gut microbial health with overall well-being. This study delves into how South African homoeopathic practitioners address gut dysbiosis, a microbial imbalance within the gut linked to various chronic conditions. Homoeopaths interviewed for this study observed a rise in gut dysbiosis, attributing it to factors like lifestyle choices and medication use. Their treatment approach emphasizes individualized remedies and therapies tailored to each patient's unique physical, mental, and emotional symptoms. Treatment plans often incorporate dietary modifications, alongside the use of probiotics and prebiotics to support gut health. The study reveals gut dysbiosis as a significant obstacle to cure in homoeopathic treatment. The high cost of stool analysis tests restricts their use in assessing gut health, making it challenging for the interviewed homoeopaths to arrive at a diagnosis. Participants expressed a strong need for more comprehensive education on gut dysbiosis and bowel nosodes within the South African homoeopathic training curriculum. In conclusion, this study suggests that gut dysbiosis presents a clinically significant obstacle to cure in homoeopathic treatment for chronic conditions. A holistic approach combining homoeopathic remedies with dietary and lifestyle changes appears to be effective. Further research is warranted to enhance homoeopathic education on gut health and its impact on chronic diseases.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SOCIAL MEDIA AND MENTAL HEALTH CHANGES AMONG GEN-Z IN BATAM, INDONESIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Tang Kelvin , Hilton Chelsea , Yunita Risna , Walvinson Riyaldi , Paerin
Published: October 2024

Background: This study explores the association between YouTube usage and the mental health status of Gen-Z, focusing on the roles of social anxiety and parasocial interaction in YouTube addiction. Purpose: To identify the link between social anxiety (LSAS) and parasocial interaction (PSI) and YouTube addiction (IAT), while also evaluating the role of social support (MSPSS). Methods: Data were collected from 380 respondents in Batam City. The measurement tools included the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), LieBowltz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), Parasocial Interaction (PSI), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that 84.5% of the variability in YouTube addiction can be explained by LSAS, PSI, and MSPSS. The F-test results indicated high significance (F = 681.862, p < 0.05). The t-test showed that LSAS (B = 0.609, t = 11.623, p < 0.0001) and PSI (B = 0.707, t = 6.642, p < 0.0001) had a significant influence on IAT, while MSPSS was not significant (B = 0.067, t = 0.893, p = 0.372). The regression model for IAT was IAT = -2.151 + 0.609LSAS + 0.707PSI + 0.067MSPSS, and for PSI was PSI = -2.715 + 0.517LSAS. Conclusion: Confirm that social anxiety and parasocial interaction significantly affect YouTube addiction, while social support does not show a significant influence.

Abstrak
Latar Belakang: Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi hubungan penggunaan YouTube dengan kesehatan mental anak-anak Gen-Z, dengan fokus pada peran kecemasan sosial dan interaksi parasosial dalam kecanduan YouTube. Tujuan: untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara kecemasan sosial (LSAS) dan interaksi parasosial (PSI) dengan kecanduan YouTube (IAT), serta mengevaluasi peran dukungan sosial (MSPSS). Metode: Data dikumpulkan dari 380 responden di Kota Batam. Alat ukur yang digunakan mencakup Internet Addiction Test (IAT), LieBowltz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), Parasocial Interaction (PSI), dan Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Hasil: Analisis regresi berganda mengungkapkan bahwa 84,5% variabilitas kecanduan YouTube dapat dijelaskan oleh LSAS, PSI, dan MSPSS. Hasil uji F menunjukkan signifikansi tinggi (F = 681,862, p < 0,05). Uji t menunjukkan bahwa LSAS (B = 0,609, t = 11,623, p < 0,0001) dan PSI (B = 0,707, t = 6,642, p < 0,0001) memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap IAT, sedangkan MSPSS tidak signifikan (B = 0,067, t = 0,893, p = 0,372). Model regresi untuk IAT adalah IAT = -2,151 + 0,609LSAS + 0,707PSI + 0,067MSPSS, dan untuk PSI adalah PSI = -2,715 + 0,517LSAS. Kesimpulan: Kecemasan sosial dan interaksi parasosial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kecanduan YouTube, sedangkan dukungan sosial tidak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan.
Sciences et techniques en sociétés
Authors: Boudia Soraya , Peerbaye Ashveen
Published: October 2024

Les sciences et les technologies façonnent profondément les sociétés contemporaines. Au cours des deux derniers siècles, elles sont devenues un puissant moteur de transformation, comptant parmi les formes les plus significatives de l’activité humaine, inséparables de la vie sociale, politique et économique. Analyser leurs modes de production, les dynamiques de leur circulation, les différentes formes de leur mobilisation et leur contestation est un enjeu académique et politique majeur.Cet ouvrage propose un large panorama de travaux menés en France, d’un champ de recherche international pluridisciplinaire dénommé Science and Technology Studies (STS). Cette étude est le fruit de la collaboration d’une trentaine d’auteurs. Elle a pour ambition de présenter ce domaine de recherche, sa formation, ses apports et les nouvelles perspectives qui se dessinent, en rendant accessibles et en mettant en discussion des travaux insuffisamment connus en France, alors que, paradoxalement, de nombreux chercheurs des institutions françaises contribuent de manière décisive à la production internationale dans ce domaine.
Effect of secondary ice production processes on the simulation of ice pellets using the Predicted Particle Properties microphysics scheme
Authors: Lachapelle Mathieu , Cholette Mélissa , Thériault Julie M.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Ice pellets can form when supercooled raindrops collide with small ice particles that can be generated through secondary ice production processes. The use of atmospheric models that neglect these collisions can lead to an overestimation of freezing rain. The objective of this study is therefore to understand the impacts of collisional freezing and secondary ice production on simulations of ice pellets and freezing rain. We studied the properties of precipitation simulated with the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) microphysics scheme for two distinct secondary ice production processes. Improvements to the representation of ice pellets and ice crystals in P3 were analyzed by simulating an ice pellet storm that occurred over eastern Canada in January 2020. Those simulations showed that adding secondary ice production processes increased the accumulation of ice pellets but led to unrealistic size distributions of precipitation particles. Realistic size distributions of ice pellets were obtained by modifying the collection of raindrops by small ice particles and the merging criteria of ice categories in P3.
Evaluation of Aeolus feature mask and particle extinction coefficient profile products using CALIPSO data
Authors: Wang Ping , Donovan David Patrick , van Zadelhoff Gerd-Jan , de Kloe Jos , Huber Dorit , Reissig Katja
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The Atmospheric LAser Doppler INstrument (ALADIN) on board Aeolus was the first high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) in space. It was launched in 2018 and re-entered in 2023. The FeatureMask (A-FM) and extinction profile algorithms (A-PRO) developed for the Earth Cloud Aerosol and Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE) HSRL ATmospheric LIDar (ATLID) have been adapted to Aeolus and called AEL-FM and AEL-PRO, respectively. These algorithms have been purposely built to process low signal-to-noise ratio space-based lidar signals. A short description of the AEL-FM and AEL-PRO algorithms is provided in this paper. AEL-FM and AEL-PRO prototype products (v1.7) have been evaluated using the collocated Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) vertical feature mask (VFM) product and level 2 aerosol profile product for 2 months of data in October 2018 and May 2019. Aeolus and CALIPSO are both polar-orbiting satellites, but they have different overpass times. The evaluations are focused on desert dust aerosols over Africa. These types of scenes are often stable in space (tens of kilometres) and time (on the order of 0.5–1 h), and thus, a useful number of collocated cases can be collected. We have found that the AEL-FM feature mask and the CALIPSO VFM show similar aerosol patterns in the collocated orbits, but AEL-FM does not separate aerosol and cloud features. Aeolus and CALIPSO have a good agreement for the extinction coefficients for the dust aerosols, especially for the cloud-free scenes. The Aeolus aerosol optical thickness (AOT) is larger than the CALIPSO AOT, mainly due to cloud contamination. Because of the missing a cross-polar channel, it is difficult to distinguish aerosols and thin ice clouds using the Aeolus extinction coefficients alone. The AEL-FM and AEL-PRO algorithms have been implemented in the Aeolus level 2A (L2A) processor. The findings here are applicable to the AEL-FM and AEL-PRO products in L2A Baseline 17. This is the first time that the AEL-FM and AEL-PRO products have been evaluated using CALIPSO data.
Global impact of benthic denitrification on marine N2 fixation and primary production simulated by a variable-stoichiometry Earth system model
Authors: Li Na , Somes Christopher J. , Landolfi Angela , Chien Chia-Te , Pahlow Markus , Oschlies Andreas
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Nitrogen (N) is a crucial limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth in the ocean. The main source of bioavailable N in the ocean is delivered by N2-fixing diazotrophs in the surface layer. Since field observations of N2 fixation are spatially and temporally sparse, the fundamental processes and mechanisms controlling N2 fixation are not well understood and constrained. Here, we implement benthic denitrification in an Earth system model (ESM) of intermediate complexity (UVic ESCM 2.9) coupled to an optimality-based plankton–ecosystem model (OPEM v1.1). Benthic denitrification occurs mostly in coastal upwelling regions and on shallow continental shelves, and it is the largest N loss process in the global ocean. We calibrate our model against three different combinations of observed Chl, NO3-, PO43-, O2, and N*=NO3--16PO43-+2.9. The inclusion of N* provides a powerful constraint on biogeochemical model behavior. Our new model version including benthic denitrification simulates higher global rates of N2 fixation with a more realistic distribution extending to higher latitudes that are supported by independent estimates based on geochemical data. The volume and water-column denitrification rates of the oxygen-deficient zone (ODZ) are reduced in the new version, indicating that including benthic denitrification may improve global biogeochemical models that commonly overestimate anoxic zones. With the improved representation of the ocean N cycle, our new model configuration also yields better global net primary production (NPP) when compared to the independent datasets not included in the calibration. Benthic denitrification plays an important role shaping N2 fixation and NPP throughout the global ocean in our model, and it should be considered when evaluating and predicting their response to environmental change.
Variations of polyphenols and carbohydrates of Emiliania huxleyi grown under simulated ocean acidification conditions
Authors: Rico Milagros , Santiago-Díaz Paula , Samperio-Ramos Guillermo , González-Dávila Melchor , Santana-Casiano Juana Magdalena
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Cultures of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi were grown under four different CO2-controlled pH conditions (7.75, 7.90, 8.10, and 8.25) to explore variations in extra- and intracellular polyphenols and carbohydrates in response to different ocean acidification scenarios. Acidification did not significantly affect final cell densities and carbohydrate contents. Intra- and extracellular phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), with the highest concentrations of total exuded phenolics at a pH of 8.25 (43 ± 3 nM) and 7.75 (18.0 ± 0.9 nM). Accumulation of intracellular phenolic compounds was observed in cells with decreasing pH, reaching the maximum level (9.24 ± 0.19 attomole per cell) at the lowest pH (7.75). The phenolic profiles presented significant changes in exuded epicatechin and protocatechuic acid (p < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively) and intracellular vanillic acid (p < 0.001), which play an essential role in the availability of trace metals. A significant increase in chlorophyll a content was observed in cells grown at the most acidic pH (p < 0.01), which also showed significantly higher radical inhibition activity (p < 0.01). The nature and concentration of these organic compounds present in the culture medium may influence trace metal bioavailability, affecting the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and microbial functional diversity.
Diverse organic carbon dynamics captured by radiocarbon analysis of distinct compound classes in a grassland soil
Authors: Grant Katherine E. , Repasch Marisa N. , Finstad Kari M. , Kerr Julia D. , Marple Maxwell , Larson Christopher J. , Broek Taylor A. B. , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , McFarlane Karis J.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a large, dynamic reservoir composed of a complex mixture of plant- and microbe-derived compounds with a wide distribution of cycling timescales and mechanisms. The distinct residence times of individual carbon components within this reservoir depend on a combination of factors, including compound reactivity, mineral association, and climate conditions. To better constrain SOC dynamics, bulk radiocarbon measurements are commonly used to trace biosphere inputs into soils and to estimate timescales of SOC cycling. However, understanding the mechanisms driving the persistence of organic compounds in bulk soil requires analyses of SOC pools that can be linked to plant sources and microbial transformation processes. Here, we adapt approaches, previously developed for marine sediments, to isolate organic compound classes from soils for radiocarbon (14C) analysis. We apply these methods to a soil profile from an annual grassland in Hopland, California (USA), to assess changes in SOC persistence with depth (down to 1 m). We measured the radiocarbon values of water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC), total lipid extracts (TLEs), total hydrolyzable amino acids (AAs), and an acid-insoluble (AI) fraction from bulk and physically separated size fractions (< 2 mm, 2 mm–63 µm, and < 63 µm). Our results show that Δ14C values of bulk soil, size fractions, and extracted compound classes became more depleted with depth, and individual SOC components have distinct age–depth distributions that suggest distinguishable cycling rates. We found that AAs and TLEs cycle faster than the bulk soils and the AI fraction. The AI was the most 14C-depleted fraction, indicating that it is the most chemically inert in this soil. Our approach enables the isolation and measurement of SOC fractions that separate functionally distinct SOC pools that can cycle relatively quickly (e.g., plant and microbial residues) from more passive or inert SOC pools (associated with minerals or petrogenic) from bulk soils and soil physical fractions. With the effort to move beyond SOC bulk analysis, we find that compound class 14C analysis can improve our understanding of SOC cycling and disentangle the physical and chemical factors driving OC cycling rates and persistence.
Autonomous and efficient large-scale snow avalanche monitoring with an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS)
Authors: Lim Jaeyoung , Hafner Elisabeth , Achermann Florian , Girod Rik , Rohr David , Lawrance Nicholas R. J. , Bühler Yves , Siegwart Roland
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Large-scale monitoring is a crucial task for managing remote mountain environments, especially for hazardous events such as snow avalanches, debris flows or rockslides. One key information for safety-related applications is large-scale information on released avalanches. As avalanches occur in remote and potentially dangerous locations this data is difficult to obtain. Uncrewed fixed-wing aerial vehicles, due to their low cost, long range and high travel speeds are promising platforms to gather aerial imagery to map avalanche activity. However, autonomous flight in mountainous terrain remains a challenge due to the complex topography, regulations, and harsh weather conditions. In this work, we present a proof of concept system that is capable of safely navigating and mapping avalanches using a fixed-wing aerial system (UAS) and discuss the challenges arising for operating such a system. We show in our field experiments that we can effectively and safely navigate in steep mountain environments while maximizing the map quality and efficiency while meeting regulatory requirements. We expect our work to enable more autonomous operations of fixed-wing vehicles in alpine environments to maximize the quality of the data gathered. By enabling the acquisition of frequent and high quality information on avalanche activity, such drone systems would have a large impact of safety critical applications such as avalanche warning, mitigation measure planning or hazard mapping.
Assessing soil fertilization effects using time-lapse electromagnetic induction
Authors: Kaufmann Manuela S. , Klotzsche Anja , van der Kruk Jan , Langen Anke , Vereecken Harry , Weihermüller Lutz
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Adding mineral fertilizers and mineral nutrient is a common practice in conventional farming and fundamental to maintain optimal yield and crop quality, whereby nitrogen is the most applied fertilizer often used excessively, leading to adverse environmental impacts. To assist farmers in optimal fertilization and crop management, non-invasive geophysical methods can provide knowledge about the spatial and temporal distributions of nutrients in the soil. In recent years, electromagnetic induction (EMI) is widely used for field characterization, to delineate soil units and management zones or to estimate soil properties and states. Additionally, ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) have been used in local studies to measure changes of soil properties. Unfortunately, the measured geophysical signals are confounded by horizontal and vertical changes of soil states and parameters and the single contributions of those states and parameters are not easy to disentangle. Within fields, and also between fields, fertilization management might vary in space and time, and therefore, the differences in pore fluid conductivity caused directly by fertilization, or indirectly by different crop performance, makes the interpretation of large-scale geophysical survey over field borders complicated. To study the direct effect of mineral fertilization and its effects on the soil electrical conductivity, a field experiment was performed on 21 bare soil plots with seven different fertilization treatments. As fertilizers, calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) and potassium chloride (KCl) were chosen and applied in three dosages. Soil water content, soil temperature, and bulk electrical conductivity were recorded permanently over 450 days. Additionally, 20 EMI, 7 GPR, and 9 ERT surveys were performed and at days of ERT measurements soil samples for nitrate and reference soil electrical conductivity measurements were taken. The results showed that the commonly used CAN application dosage did not impact the geophysical signals significantly. On the other hand, EMI and ERT were able to trace back the temporal changes in nitrate concentrations in the soil profile over more than one year. On the other hand, the results also showed, that both techniques were not able to trace the nitrate concentrations in the very shallow soil layer of 0–10 cm. Irrespectively of the low impact of fertilization on the geophysical signal, the results indicated that past fertilization practices cannot be neglected in EMI studies, especially if surveys are performed over large areas with different fertilization practices or crop grown with different fertilizer demands or uptake.
Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Accumulation and Surface Roughness in Interior Greenland with a GNSS-IR Network
Authors: Pickell Derek James , Hawley Robert Lyman , LeWinter Adam
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The dry snow zone is the largest region of the Greenland Ice Sheet, yet temporally and spatially dense observations of surface accumulation and surface roughness in this area are lacking. We use the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR) technique with a novel, low-cost GNSS network of twelve stations in the vicinity of the ice sheet summit to reveal temporal and spatial patterns of accumulation of the upper snow layer. We show that individual measurements are highly precise (±2.8 cm), while the aggregate of hundreds of daily measurements across a large spatial footprint can detect millimeter-level surface changes and are biased by -2.7 ± 3.0 cm compared to a unique validation dataset that covers a similar spatial extent as the instrument sensing footprint. Using the validation dataset, we find that the reflectometry technique is most sensitive to the surrounding 4–20 m of the surface, with the antenna at a height of 1–2 m above ground level. Along with an exceptionally high rate of accumulation at the beginning of the study, we also detect an across-slope dependence in accumulation rates at yearly timescales. For the first time, we also validate GNSS-IR sensitivity to meter-scale surface heterogeneities such as sastrugi, and we construct a time series of seasonal surface roughness evolution that may hint at a seasonal pattern of heightened wintertime roughness features in this region. These surface accumulation and roughness measurements provide a novel dataset for these critical variables and show a statistically significant (p < 0.01) relationship with occurrences of both high winds and precipitation events, but only moderate correlations, suggesting other processes must also contribute to accumulation and enhanced surface roughness in the interior region of Greenland.
Numerical Investigation of Regenerative Wind Farms Featuring Enhanced Vertical Energy Entrainment
Authors: Li YuanTso , Yu Wei , Sciacchitano Andrea , Ferreira Carlos
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Numerical simulations of wind farms consisting of innovative wind energy harvesting systems are conducted. The novel wind harvesting system is designed to generate strong lift (vertical force) with lifting-devices. It is demonstrated that the tip-vortices generated by these lifting-devices can substantially enhance wake recovery rates by altering the vertical entrainment process. Specifically, the wake recovery of the novel systems is based on vertical advection processes instead of turbulent mixing. Additionally, the novel wind energy harvesting systems are hypothesized to be feasible without requiring significant technological advancements, as they could be implemented as Multi-Rotor Systems with Lifting-devices (MRSLs), where the lifting-devices consist of large airfoil structures. Wind farms with these novel wind harvesting systems, namely MRSLs, are termed regenerative wind farm, inspired by the concept that the upstream MRSLs actively entrain energy for the downstream ones. With the concept of regenerative wind farming, much higher wind farm capacity factors are anticipated. Specifically, the results indicate that the wind farm efficiencies can be nearly doubled by replacing traditional wind turbines with MRSLs under the tested conditions, and this disruptive advancement can potentially lead to a profound reduction in the cost of future renewable energy.
Quantifying the Impact of Indian Virtual Reality Research: A Scientometric Study
Authors: Kumar M. Sathish , Santhi Dr.L. , Senthilkumar Dr.A.
Published: October 2024

The last pandemic covid-19 has brought up various technologies in the booming lane. Virtual reality technology plays a vital role in different fields. In this paper, virtual reality technology was analyzed, including the growth pattern in India from 2012 to 2021. The Web of Science platform is a subscription-paid database of multidisciplinary citations that originated from the Institute for Scientific Information, and it is currently obtained and maintained by Clarivate. Analytics have been used to analyze this study of virtual reality technology research. This study has been analyzed with a record of 540 for the period of 2012-2021 to explore trends in publishing, degree of collaboration, authors' partnership, keywords of Virtual Reality, analyzed journals by scientists, funding agencies and organization-wise publications.
Rural Women’s Saving and Investment Habits: A Study with Special Reference to Kuttampuzha Area, Ernakulam District
Authors: Raj Drishya S , Dharmaraj Dr.A.
Published: October 2024

In every person's existence, financial stability is essential. One must develop the habit of saving money and allocate it to a variety of investment vehicles in order to build wealth and achieve financial security. Investing is a method for building wealth and savings offer a safety net against unforeseen costs. Women now work and are more literate than ever which has led to more savings. All groups of women have greatly expanded their saving habits and money has to be invested carefully. The purpose of this study is to understand the saving practices of rural women and the factors influencing these behaviors. Kerala has a low per capita income, yet an exceptionally high saving rate. There are a number of factors that influence rural families' saving behaviors.
Harnessing the Power of Web Scraping and Machine Learning to Uncover Customer Empathy from Online Reviews
Authors: Leema A. Anny , Balakrishnan Dr.P. , Jothiaruna N.
Published: October 2024

In today's information-driven world, companies need to grasp customer sentiment and pinpoint key product features to make informed choices and improve customer satisfaction. The abundance of online customer feedback provides businesses with a rich source of information about customer perceptions and preferences. Yet manual analysis of large volumes of reviews is a tedious and resource-intensive task. It describes a web scraping application that sorts reviews into positive, negative, or neutral sentiments that businesses can use for insight. By assigning weights to reviews based on perceived impact, the approach offers a nuanced understanding of customer opinions. Experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness in accurately categorizing and analysing reviews, distinguishing between genuine and fake feedback. Additionally, AI-powered examination of product reviews employs NLP methods to extract important information from customer feedback, identifying particular elements that customers like or find troubling. After the successful identification of gain points, they can be used to improvise product development and marketing. So, product-specific focused crawler is developed to extract customer reviews from the most trusted websites. As a side chain, this can also be used as a tool for analysing the competitors’ products to understand their pain as well as gain points. The approach can uncover the most discussed aspects of products, enabling businesses to better understand customer perceptions and preferences to make better decisions thereby saving time and money.
Maximizing Marketing Value: An Empirical Study on the Framework for Assessing AI and ML Integration in Marketing Management
Authors: Jalaja Dr.V. , Sheshadri Dr. Thejasvi , Arthi Dr.V.K. , Thilaga Dr.S. , Bamini Dr.J. , Basha S. Mahabub , Kethan Manyam
Published: October 2024

To address this issue, we conduct an empirical investigation into the application of AI and ML in marketing management using a rich framework that aims to optimize marketing value as much as possible. The framework is structured in four pillars: data gathering and processing, customer insights & segmentation, personalized marketing strategies and performance improvement. The utility and practical implementation of the framework was examined through a mixed-methods study design employing quantitative surveys validated by qualitative interviews. The survey was conducted among marketing practitioners across all industries. We also analyze the extent of AI and ML integration in each component empirically, with qualitative insights providing perspectives on opportunity areas, challenges and best practices. Three of these areas in the framework organizational readiness, resource allocations and skill gaps are highlighted as those with most pronounced differences on AI & ML deployment. To learn more about the dataset, demographics of 38 respondents in sample. The sample has a diversified age distribution and it ranges from 27 to 50 years of age. This demonstrates a significant bit of variation (SD = 7.30) and an average age of around 36-37 years Because there's also diversity when it comes to gender representation, with seven people identifying as "Other", besides the six male and fifteen women. According to the statistics, most people are bachelor’s degree holders although also a lot of masters and doctorate degrees which adds depth into information. Overall, the results provide a glimpse into demographic attributes regarding marketing performance and providing useful information for strategic decision making by doing so on behalf of management in charge with implementing those decisions. Finally, this research provides actual data rather than theory on how AI and ML mechanics are being integrated in the marketing management space. The strategic deployment of AI and ML in this research can significantly improve the efficient utilization of resources, maximize marketing efficiency by displaying key parameters impacting shopping behaviour as possesses with more long standing competitive benefits. When they can lean on hard data, researchers, marketers and decision-makers alike are likely to find a more straightforward path to the tasks that matter most as well as how AI/ML factors into driving real marketing value. The research also underscores the importance of ongoing learning, adapting and aligning strategies to leverage new technology in an ever-evolving field like marketing.
Developing A Tourism Information Portal Using Web Technologies and Database Management
Authors: Shridhar Dr.R. , Udayakumar Dr.R.
Published: October 2024

The quality and variety of the infrastructure at a place has a big impact on tourism. An essential component of the tourism sector, infrastructure has a unique influence on the growth of this rapidly developing sector. Many nations have realised how important infrastructure is to the travel and tourist sector, and as a result, their governments have partnered with the sector to provide infrastructure that is specifically needed for travel. The sites that draw tourists in the first place, where tourism is delivered, where businesses are located, and where tourists consume the product are all considered destinations. The design and implementation of a tourism information portal using web technologies and database administration is presented in this study. The portal's goal is to give travellers a thorough and intuitive way to get information about travel destinations, lodging options, and activities. Database design, web application development, and the integration of pertinent technologies like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP are all part of the development process. User testing and feedback are used to assess the portal's usability and functionality. The outcomes show how successful the portal is at delivering precise and current information, improving the traveler experience, and encouraging destination management. The study emphasises the use of web technologies and database management in tourism marketing and management, and it advances the development of tourism information systems.