bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping and identification of yellow seed coat color genes in Brassica juncea L.
Authors: Huang Zhen , Wang Yang , Lu Hong , Liu Xiang , Liu Lu , Xu Aixia
Published: May 2020

BackgroundYellow seed breeding is an effective method to improve the oil content in rapeseed. Yellow seed coat color formation is influenced by various factors, and no clear mechanisms are known. In this study, Bulked segregant RNA-Seq (BSR-Seq) of BC9 population of Wuqi mustard (yellow seed) and Wugong mustard (brown seed) was used to identity the candidate genes controlling the yellow seed color in Brassica juncea L.ResultsYellow seed coat color gene was mapped to chromosome A09, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between brown and yellow bulks enriched in the flavonoid pathway. A significant correlation between the expression of BjF3H and BjTT5 and the content of the seed coat color related indexes was identified. Two intron polymorphism (IP) markers linked to the target gene were developed around BjF3H. Therefore, BjF3H was considered as the candidate gene. The BjF3H coding sequences (CDS) of Wuqi mustard and Wugong mustard are 1071-1077bp, encoding protein of 356-358 amino acids. One amino acid change (254, F/V) was identified in the conserved domain. This mutation site was detected in four Brassica rapa (B. rapa) and six Brassica juncea (B. juncea) lines, but not in Brassica napus (B. napus).ConclusionsThe results indicated BjF3H is a candidate gene that related to yellow seed coat color formation in Brassica juncea and provided a comprehensive understanding of the yellow seed coat color mechanism.
Differentially expressed genes and phenotypic variation in florets among the isogenic Ogura-CMS, DGMS and inbred lines of broccoli
Authors: Li Zhansheng , Liu Yumei , Fang Zhiyuan , Yang Limei , Zhuang Mu , Zhang Yangyong , Lv Honghao , Wang Yong , Han Fengqing , Ji Jialei
Published: May 2020

Background: Male sterility contributes strongly to hybrid seed purity and production in Brassica crops. To detect plant phenotypes and the gene expression patterns involved in bioprocess of an Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility line (Ogura-CMS), a dominant genic male sterility line (DGMS) and their maintainer line, we analyzed the transcriptomes of broccoli florets among the isogenic Ogura-CMS (T54C), DGMS (T54M) and inbred lines (T54S).Results: There were respectively 505, 585 and 469 upregulated genes, and 1109, 1073 and 543 downregulated genes in the comparison groups of T54C and T54M, T54C and T54S, and T54M and T54S. The head weight and head width showed stronger performance in the Ogura-CMS than the DGMS line or maintainer line. The Ogura-CMS line showed poorer performance in seed yield and seed germination than the DGMS line or maintainer line. The DGMS line had longer maturation and flowering periods than the Ogura-CMS and maintainer lines. The plant hormone genes, auxin (TIR1, GH3 and SAUR) and salicylic acid (SA) (NPR1), and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporters-related genes (ABCB1 and ATM) were highly up-regulated in T54C compared with T54M or T54S. The brassinosteroid upregulated gene CYCD3 related to the function of late-flowering and delaying senescence in plants, was detected in T54M over two seasons.Conclusions: Among the isogenic Ogura-CMS, DGMS and inbred lines of broccoli, the Ogura-CMS line showed strong performance in head yield than the DGMS line or the inbred line. The DGMS line had longer days to flowering than the Ogura-CMS and inbred lines. However, the inbred line presented a higher seed yield and seed germination rate than the DGMS or Ogura-CMS line. This study found that some potential plant hormone genes, auxin (TIR1, GH3 and SAUR) and SA (NPR1), and ABC transporters related genes (ABCB1 and ATM) might play a key role in regulation of the developmental trait in the Ogura-CMS line. The BR- upregulated gene CYCD3 may function in late-flowering and delaying senescence of broccoli consistent with the investigations conducted over two seasons. Our findings provided a possible explanation for physiological and developmental differences of broccoli among the Ogura-CMS, the DGMS and the inbred lines.
Effect of CD44 knockdown on the biological characteristics of breast cancer stem cells
Authors: Lei Zi , Hu Yang-Li , Feng Qiang , Wang Li , Pan Xin-Yan , Li Gui-Yun , Yang Ju-Lun
Published: May 2020

Background: CD44 is an important surface marker of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), but it is unclear whether it is involved in the stemness of BCSCs. This has limited the development of new therapeutic strategies for breast cancer. Previous studies have shown that many CD44 variants generated through alternative splicing are involved in the development of breast cancer, but their exact role in BCSCs remains unclear. Therefore, we analyzed the CD44 transcript variants in BCSCs derived from the MDA-MB-435 cell line, and aimed to investigate whether CD44s knockdown could affect the biological characteristics of BCSCs.Methods: CD44+/CD24- cells were isolated among the MDA-MB-435 cells by flow cytometry, and the CD44 transcript variants were detected by RT-PCR in CD44+/CD24- cells. Due to the high expression of CD44 standard splice isoform (CD44s) in CD44+/CD24- cells, CD44s knockdown was generated using small hairpin RNA (shRNA). The effects of CD44s knockdown on the biological characteristics of BCSCs was detected using cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, cell cycle and apoptosis assay, tumor sphere formation assay, would-healing assay, and Matrigel invasion assay. Tumorigenesis of the CD44+/CD24- cells with CD44s knockdown was investigated in vivo with NOD/SCID mice. The expression of cancer stem cell stemness-related genes, such as Bcl-2, CCNE2, EGFR, MMP7, Muc1, and Myc was also detected by qPCR.Results: Our results revealed that the mRNA expression of CD44 transcript variants was heterogeneous, and CD44s is highly expressed in BCSCs. CD44s depletion inhibited the proliferation, made cell cycle stay in G0/G1 phase, promoted the apoptosis and necrosis of BCSCs, inhibited the ability of self-renewal and invasion along with the expression of cancer stem cell-related genes in BCSCs. Moreover, CD44s knockdown inhibited the tumorigenesis ability in vivo.Conclusion: Our findings revealed that CD44s is the predominant isoform expressed in BCSCs, and is an important molecule for maintaining the properties of BCSCs. Targeting CD44s in BCSCs may be a potential new direction for breast cancer treatment.
A technical soda lignin as sole carbon-diet for a higher termite species, Nasutitermes ephratae: insight into the changes in the gut bacterial community and in the lignin phenolic fraction
Authors: Miambi Edouard , Jusselme My Dung , Cézard Laurent , Pion Florian , Baumberger Stéphanie , Robert Alain , Lapierre Catherine , Diouf Michel , Mora Philippe
Published: May 2020

BackgroundTermites account for natural biomass utilization systems (NBUS) that evolved the ability to overcome the overall recalcitrance of lignins towards lignocellulose transformation processes. With the objective of applying this capacity to the conversion of technical lignins produced by biorefineries, a higher wood-feeding termite species, Nasutitermes ephratae was fed with a commercial grass soda lignin (Protobind 1000, PB1000). The survival rates of Protobind 1000-fed termites were determined as well as changes in the structure of gut bacterial community and in the chemical composition of this technical lignin. ResultsThe ingestion of PB1000 by worker castes of N. ephratae was revealed by Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analyses directly performed on termites. Survival rates were reduced by two –fold in the termites fed with PB1000 compared to controls. The relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes increased in the gut bacterial community of termites fed with PB1000. The digestion of PB1000 by termites triggered an increase in the syringyl-to-guaiacyl (S/G) ratios. These changes in the chemical composition of PB1000 in the gut of termites was marked by a decrease in relative content of free phenolic monomers.ConclusionThis work showed the abilities of digestive tract of a wood-feeding higher termite species, N. ephratae to metabolize the fraction of the volatile phenolic monomers of PB1000. Overall, our results provide insights into the bacterial lineage candidates for development of bacterial inoculum for pretreatment processes in valorization of technical lignin in biorefinery.
Identification of pigments in artworks by inverse tangent derivative of spectrum and a new filtering method
Authors: Fazlali Fatemeh , KANDI Saeideh GORJI
Published: May 2020

Nowadays, employing an economical and non-destructive method for identifying pigments utilized in the artworks is vital due to their antiquity value. One of the non-destructive methods for this purpose is spectrophotometry, which is based on the selected absorption of light. Mathematical descriptive methods such as derivatives of the reflectance spectrum, the Kubelka-­Munk function and logarithm are being used to clarify the spectrophotometric data. In the present study, the mentioned mathematical descriptive methods were applied to identify the most common pigments used in Iranian artwork but were not efficient for the samples. Therefore, inverse tangent derivative equation was used on spectral data for the first time and a considerable difference in the profile of reflectance curves was found. In the next part, to have a simpler and more practical method it was suggested to use filters made up of pure pigments. By using these filters and placing them on the samples, imaging was done. Then, images of samples with and without filter were evaluated and pure pigments were distinguished. The mentioned methods were also exerted to identify pigments in a modern Iranian art painting specimen. The results confirmed that these methods provide reliable answers indicating that physical methods (alongside chemical methods) can also be effective in determining the types of pigments.
Prevalence of ocular inflammation among patients with active tuberculosis or nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in a tertiary hospital in Japan: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Ohara Hiromi , Harada Yosuke , Hiyama Tomona , Yamane Ken , Higaki Maria , Kobayashi Takayuki , Ikegami Yasuhiko , Yuasa Yuki , Kiuchi Yoshiaki
Published: May 2020

Background This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence of ocular involvement among patients with active tuberculosis (TB) or nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection in a Japanese hospital.Materials and Methods Patients with active TB or NTM infection at Yoshijima Hospital from April 2017 to July 2018 were included in this retrospective study. All patients underwent ophthalmic examinations, including fundus evaluation under pupil dilation, before initiation of antibiotic therapy. Patients with ocular inflammation were regularly followed up by ophthalmologists.Results In total, 101 patients with active TB and 27 patients with active NTM infection underwent ophthalmic examinations during the study period. No ocular symptoms were reported. Seven patients with TB (6.9%) had ocular inflammation; four had bilateral involvement. In these seven patients, ocular inflammation comprised retinal vasculitis (n=2), anterior uveitis (n=2), choroiditis (n=2), and vitritis (n=1). Female sex was associated with higher prevalence of ocular inflammation among patients with TB. Conversely, no patients with NTM infection had ocular inflammation.Conclusion Ocular inflammation was present in approximately 7% of patients with active TB. Although TB choroiditis is presumed to be rare in Japan, approximately 30% of the patients with ocular inflammation exhibited choroidal lesions in this study. In contrast, no ocular inflammation was observed among patients with systemic NTM infection.
Management Reform at the Discretion of Public Hospitals in Japan
Authors: Miura Motoi , Nakata Yoshinori , Murakami Masayasu
Published: May 2020

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the management reform carried out at the discretion of each public hospital has affected the management efficiency of public hospitals.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of public hospitals in Japan. The dependent variable was a technical efficiency score calculated using data envelopment analysis. The independent variable was the presence or absence of a reform plan. Nine control variables were collected in this study; hospital location conditions, nursing standards, transfer to other accounts ratio, disaster base hospital designation, clinical training hospital designation, population under 15 years old, number of hospitals per 1,000 km2, number of beds per 100,000 population, and population density. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: There was no significant difference in technical efficiency in univariate analysis and multivariate analysis between public hospitals with and without reform plan.Conclusions: Management efficiency did not improve among public hospitals with management reforms plans. The reason for this lack of improvement is considered to be due to the fact that the management reforms plans were formulated and implemented at each hospital’s discretion.
Glioblastoma Presenting Only as Cortical "Ribbon Sign" in the Early Stage: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhao Ji-ping , Cui Chun-xiao , Lin Hao-zhi , Duan Chong-feng , Niu Lei , Liu Xue-Jun
Published: May 2020

Background: Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor and occurs predominantly in the white matter of the brain. MRI often shows an irregular mass with uneven internal signals, necrosis, surrounding edema and a space-occupying effect. The malignant degree of GB is high, and it often relapses after surgery. Case presentation: A 66-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital due to sudden left superior strabismus and convulsions . During the patient’s first hospitalization, MRI showed only an abnormal cortical signal, and the diagnosis was viral encephalitis.After the treatment of antiepileptic, antiviral and relieving brain edema, the patient was discharged. Seven months later, he was admitted to the hospital again because of memory impairment and slow reaction speed. MRI showed that there was an obvious mass in the original lesion area, and this was diagnosed as glioblastoma. Postoperative pathology confirmed glioblastoma (WHO) grade IV. Conclusions: The clinical diagnosis, treatment and imaging manifestations of this case of GB are reported as follows to improve understanding of this type of GB, which only has cortical abnormal signals in the early stage, to reduce misdiagnosis.
Phytocompounds of Rheum emodi, Thymus serpyllum and Artemisia annua inhibit COVID-19 binding to ACE2 receptor: In silico approach
Authors: Rolta Rajan , Salaria Deeksha , Kumar Vikas , SOURIRAJAN ANURADHA , DEV KAMAL
Published: May 2020

COVID-19 has been declared as global epidemic and currently there is no drug/vaccine available to treat COVID-19. All over the world, several studies are being conducted to discover the antiviral drugs against COVI-19. Traditional medicinal plants have long history to treat viral infections. We adopted in silico approach to find out if unique phytocompounds such as emodin (Rheum emodi), thymol and carvacrol (Thymus serpyllum) and artemisnin (Artemisia annua) could physically bind COVID-19 target proteins such as SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6VXX), SARS-CoV-2 spike ectodomain structure (PDB ID: 6VYB), and SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain (PDB ID: 2AJF) and in turn preventCOVID-19 binding to the host receptor ACE2. Since Chloroquine (a standard antimalarial drug) has been looked as potential therapy against COVID-19, we also compared the binding of chloroquine and plant origin artemisnin antimalarial drug for its interaction with 6VXX, 6VY and 2AJF. Molecular docking studies using AutoDock/Vina software revealed that among all the phytocompounds artemisinin showed best binding affinity with 6VXX, 6VYB and 2AJF with Etotal -10.5 KJ mol-1, -10.3 KJ mol-1, and -9.1 KJ mol-1 respectively. Whereas emodin, carvacrol and thymol binds with 6VXX, 6VYB and 2AJF with Etotal -6.4, -6.8, -6.9 KJ mol-1, -8.8, -6.8, -7.4 KJ mol-1, and -6.9, -7.4, -7.2 respectively. Similarly, with Autodock/Vina chloroquine showed less binding affinity with 6VXX (-5.6 KJ mol-1), 6VYB (-5.9 KJ mol-1) and 2AJF (-6.4 KJ mol-1) as compared to all phytocompounds. Toxicity prediction showed non-toxicity and non-carcinogen by admetSAR and PROTOX‑II software.
Spatial Relationships of Soil Physical Attributes with Yield and Lateral Shoot Growth of Garlic
Authors: Teixeira de Oliveira Job , Alves de Oliveira Rubens , Magalhães Valente Domingos Sarvio , da Silva Ribeiro Isabela , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo
Published: May 2020

Some compaction states cause changes in soil structure, resulting in increased soil density and soil resistance to penetration (RP). The objective of this study was: a) to analyze the variability of the studied attributes of the plant and the soil; b) define the linear and spatial correlations between plant and soil attributes; and c) to identify the best attributes that correlate spatially with garlic yield (GY) and lateral shoot growth (LSG) for the elaboration of spatial variability maps. The attributes evaluated were GY, apparent soil electrical conductivity (EC), mechanical resistance to penetration (MRP), soil volumetric moisture (SVM), plant water potential (WP), and LSG. The reach values of spatial dependence to be considered in future studies using the same attributes should be between 8 m for apparent soil EC and 23 m for RP. From a spatial point of view, garlic LSG could be estimated by indirect cokriging with soil RP. Values greater than 3000 kPa of soil RP indicated the sites with the lowest GYs.
Effects of Western Corn Belt Cropping Systems on Agroecosystem Functions
Authors: Liebig Mark A. , Varvel Gary E.
Published: May 2020

Agricultural sustainability is enhanced by management practices that optimize the performance of multiple agroecosystem functions. The performance of western Corn Belt cropping systems was evaluated based on four agroecosystem functions: food production, raw materials production, nutrient cycling, and greenhouse gas regulation. A simple multiattribute ranking procedure was used to quantify agroecosystem performance using data from a long‐term cropping systems experiment near Mead, NE. Treatments included in the procedure were continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (CC), corn–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (C–SB), corn–oat (Avena sativa L.) + clover [80% sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis L.) and 20% red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)]–sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]–soybean (C–OCL–SG–SB), and corn–soybean–sorghum–oat + clover (C–SB–SG–OCL) each at three N fertilization levels (ZERO, LOW, and HIGH). Based on treatment averages of soil and crop indicators from 1983 to 1998, agroecosystem performance scores ranged from 66.6 to 77.3, with a least significant difference (LSD) between treatments of 2.2 (P < 0.05). Treatments with the highest scores included C–OCL–SG–SB/LOW (77.3), C–SB/LOW (76.9), CC/LOW (76.7), CC/HIGH (76.6), and C–SB–SG–OCL/LOW (75.3). Among these treatments, those fertilized at the LOW N rate attained high scores through moderate performance in all four agroecosystem functions. The CC/HIGH treatment, however, attained a high score solely through its superior capacity to be highly productive, as its scores for the two environmental quality–related functions were the lowest among all treatments. Correlations between production‐ and environmental protection–related functions were negative, emphasizing the importance of employing management practices that are productive yet minimize deleterious environmental impacts.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Soil Nitrate and Corn Yield
Authors: Eghball Bahman , Schepers James S. , Negahban Mehrdad , Schlemmer Michael R.
Published: May 2020

High levels of residual soil NO3–N can contaminate ground water by leaching through the soil. Our objective was to reduce the level and spatial variability of residual soil NO3–N while maintaining optimum corn (Zea mays L.) production by variable rate N fertilizer application. The experiment was located on a 60‐ha sprinkler‐irrigated corn field in central Nebraska and included four N management practices: uniform rate, variable rate (VRAT), variable rate at 75% of recommended amount (VRAT @ 75%), and variable rate plus 10% (VRAT + 10%). VRAT @ 75% decreased the amount of residual NO3–N in the soil while maintaining similar grain yield to the other treatments, indicating over‐application of N with treatments receiving the recommended rate. Increasing the recommended rate by 10% (VRAT + 10%) did not increase corn yield or residual soil NO3–N. Based on multifractal spectrum, no consistent pattern of spatial variability of soil NO3–N was observed for each treatment across years. Spatial variability in corn grain yield was much lower than that for soil NO3–N, indicating noneffectiveness of using soil NO3–N spatial distribution for variable rate N application unless some areas in the field are severely N deficient. Variable rate N application did not reduce variability of residual soil NO3–N or corn grain yield as compared with uniform N. Multifractal analysis quantitatively characterized the extent and pattern of spatial and temporal variability in corn grain yield and residual soil nitrate.
Identifying an In‐Season Response Index and the Potential to Increase Wheat Yield with Nitrogen
Authors: Mullen Robert W. , Freeman Kyle W. , Raun William R. , Johnson Gordon V. , Stone Marvin L. , Solie John B.
Published: May 2020

Current nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of cereal crop production is estimated to be near 33%, indicating that much of the applied fertilizer N is not utilized by the plant and is susceptible to loss from the soil–plant system. Supplying fertilizer N only when a crop response is expected may improve use efficiency and profitability. A response index using harvest data was recently proposed that indicates the actual crop response to additional N within a given year. This response index, RIHarvest, is calculated by dividing the average grain yield of the highest yielding treatment receiving N by the average yield of a check treatment (0 N). Although theoretically useful, RIHarvest does not allow for in‐season adjustment of N application. The objective of this work was to determine the relationship between RIHarvest and the response index measured in‐season (RINDVI) using the normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI). Research was conducted in 23 existing field experiments in Oklahoma. Each field experiment evaluated crop response to varying levels of preplant N. At Feekes growth stages 5, 9, and 10.5, RIHarvest was accurately predicted using RINDVI (r2 > 0.56). These results indicated that the in‐season response index based on sensor readings is a viable method for identifying environments (i.e., fields) where the potential to respond to additional N exists.
Canopy Height Effects on Vaseygrass and Bermudagrass Spread in Limpograss Pastures
Authors: Newman Y. C. , Sollenberger L. E. , Fox A. M. , Chambliss C. G.
Published: May 2020

Potential grass weeds in limpograss [Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb.] pastures include vaseygrass (Paspalum urvillei Steud) and common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]. Grazing management is critical to controlling spread of these grasses and maintaining productive limpograss swards, but competition dynamics among these species have not been evaluated under grazing. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of grazed canopy height (20, 40, and 60 cm) of continuously stocked limpograss pastures on changes in frequency of occurrence and ground cover of limpograss, vaseygrass, and common bermudagrass and plant density of vaseygrass. Experimental units were 0.5‐ha pastures replicated four times in a completely randomized design. During the 2 yr of grazing, vaseygrass density decreased in all pastures, changing most for the 20‐cm canopy height and least for the 60‐cm canopy height (4.4 vs. 0.4 plants m−2). Changes in vaseygrass cover followed the same trend as density. In contrast, bermudagrass cover increased by seven percentage units if pastures were grazed to a 20‐cm height, but the increase was less for 40‐ and 60‐cm swards. These data show that continuous stocking of limpograss pastures decreased vaseygrass plant density, especially when canopy height was low; however, common bermudagrass invasion was favored by grazing to 20 cm, potentially compromising limpograss persistence. It is concluded that grazing continuously stocked limpograss pastures to approximately 40 cm is effective in decreasing existing populations of vaseygrass while minimizing invasion by common bermudagrass.
Mineralizable Carbon, Nitrogen, and Water‐Extractable Phosphorus Release from Stockpiled and Composted Manure and Manure‐Amended Soils
Authors: Dao T. H. , Cavigelli M. A.
Published: May 2020

Dissolved N and P transfer to runoff water may increase with surface applications and shallow soil incorporation of animal manure. Information is needed regarding water‐extractable nutrient release during manure decomposition to quantify that potential transfer to runoff in permanent pastures and conservation tillage systems. Release of net mineralizable C (MIN_C), net mineralizable N (MIN_N), and dissolved reactive P (DRP) was determined in stockpiled and composted cattle (Bos taurus) manure and manure‐amended soils at 4, 20, and 35°C for 322 d at about 60% water‐filled pore space. Flushes of CO2–C exceeding 100 mg kg−1d−1, inorganic N, and DRP were released rapidly from both manures when incubated alone or as soil amendments. Dissolved P release varied inversely with sorption capacity and degree of P saturation in an Aridic Paleustalf and Torrertic Paleustoll. Net mineralizable C, MIN_N, and DRP flux densities were lognormally distributed during the 322‐d incubation. Results from the lognormal modeling approach suggest that incubations needed to be performed only for as long as needed to attain the 50% maximal flux density beyond the maximum to predict MIN_C, MIN_N, and DRP release flux density distributions. Significant nonlinear relationships exist between ln(cumulative CO2–C) and inorganic N or DRP and have an inflexion point between 14 and 20 d. The nonlinearity of the C‐to‐N and C‐to‐DRP relationships indicates multiple substrate pools and supports the use of lognormal distributions to describe MIN_C, MIN_N, and DRP release from manures and manure‐amended soils and to shorten laborious incubations.
Yield Components as Indirect Selection Criteria for Late‐Planted Soybean Cultivars
Authors: Board J. E. , Kang M. S. , Bodrero M. L.
Published: May 2020

Cultivar selection for late‐planted soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the wheat–soybean doublecropping system is an important production problem. Top‐yielding cultivars for late plantings could be selected more efficiently by identification of yield components that indicate top yield, compared with the traditional combine‐harvested plot yield method. Our objective was to identify yield components that could be used as indirect selection criteria to identify top‐yielding cultivars for late planting dates. A 2‐yr study (1998 and 1999) with 26 cultivars was conducted at a mid‐July planting at Baton Rouge, LA (30° N, 90° W). A similar study involving 27 different cultivars was conducted for 1 yr at Los Oliveros, Santa Fe Province, Argentina (32°48′ S, 62° W), planted in early January 1999. Experimental designs were randomized complete blocks with four replications and one factor (cultivar). Data were obtained on combine‐harvested plot yield, seed m−2, seed size, seed per pod, pods m−2, pods per reproductive node, and reproductive node m−2. Across years, yields at Baton Rouge ranged from 1183 to 2992 kg ha−1, while yields in Argentina ranged from 1688 to 2809 kg ha−1. Yield at Baton Rouge increased with maturity group, whereas in Argentina there was no relationship between yield and maturity group. For both phenotypic and genotypic levels, selection for either seed m−2 or pods m−2 identified top‐yielding cultivars, although seed m−2 was more accurate.
The Holding Option: Artists in East London 1968–2020
Authors: Green Nick
Published: May 2020

This paper examines the parallel histories of how artists took over old industrial spaces and short-life housing in east London, and gentrification and the rise of the twenty-first century phenomenon of the 'urban hipster'. The paper argues that it was only towards the end of the 1990s
that the 'artists' east London' and the 'gentrifiers' east London' began to coalesce geographically. While in the final third of the twentieth century, east London as a creative quarter was focused on production, in the twenty-first century, the idea of creative quarters has been more to do
with consumption, with the consequence that the producers, artists, were being priced out. The paper concludes that recent initiatives such as London's 2019 Cultural Infrastructure Strategy suggest that both production and consumption are now being recognized as equally important.
Situación actual en la prestación de los servicios públicos domiciliarios y el problema de la desconexión
Authors: Velásquez Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo, producto de investigación titulada: “Situación actual en la prestación de los servicios públicos domiciliarios y el problema de la desconexión”, en Medellín, enfatizando en el sector conocido como la Comuna Trece, pretende, sin duda alguna, visibilizar una problemática latente y con características de emergencia social, como es el caso de los llamados Desconectados de los Servicios Públicos Domiciliarios (SPD), especialmente del agua y de la luz. Al 2008 se registran más de 200.000 personas sin estos servicios básicos, por ende el presente articulo no sólo presentará y describirá el problema, sino las medidas institucionales tanto las que toma directamente la Alcaldía como las que asume la empresa prestadora del servicio, medidas que se han implementado para hacerle frente a esta situación, no muy publicitado pero, con claras consecuencias sociales que impactan negativamente los sectores populares, contrastando éstas medidas con las necesidades reales y posibilitando vislumbrar posibles alternativas
MODELO(S) DE JUSTIÇA CONSTITUCIONAL NA AMÉRICA DO SUL
Authors: Echaiz Espinoza Danielle Sales
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo analisa os sistemas de justiça constitucional de cinco países da América do Sul – Chile, Perú, Paraguai, Venezuela e Argentina – com o objetivo de demonstrar as dificuldades para a elaboração de um ou vários modelos de justiça constitucional para a região. Aborda a proposta clássica de Louis Favoreu acerca dos modelos de justiça constitucional e também enfrenta a tese de Pablo Pérez Tremps sobre a adoção de uma tipologia de sistemas de justiça constitucional na América Latina, contrastando-as com a organização da justiça constitucional em cada um desses países. As peculiaridades encontradas nesse grupo sugerem que é impossível se estabelecer um modelo único de justiça constitucional sul – americana e que qualquer tentativa de se elaborar sistemas para enquadrar os países da região deverá enfrentar uma enorme dificuldade para agrupar organizações tão diversificadas.
DOS PRESSUPOSTOS DE VALIDADE PARA A PRORROGAÇÃO POR INTERESSE PÚBLICO DAS CONCESSÕES DE SERVIÇO PÚBLICO
Authors: Sanguiné Odone , Guimarães Felipe Montenegro Viviani
Published: May 2020

Este artigo trata da prorrogação das concessões de serviço público por meras razões de conveniência e oportunidade das partes (ou prorrogação por interesse público). Seu objetivo é verificar os pressupostos de validade dessa espécie de prorrogação – considerada pelo Poder Executivo federal como um dos principais instrumentos para incentivar novos investimentos privados em setores de infraestrutura fundamentais para o desenvolvimento do Brasil. O método de abordagem do tema é o dedutivo, e o método de pesquisa, o bibliográfico. Por fim, a principal conclusão deste artigo é que os pressupostos de validade da prorrogação por interesse público são: (i) previsão em lei; (ii) outorga precedida de licitação; (iii) previsão no edital de licitação; (iv) concessão em vigor; (v) não realização de prorrogação por interesse público anteriormente; (vi) fiel cumprimento do contrato pela concessionária; (vii) vantajosidade da medida; (viii) consenso entre as partes; e (ix) qualificação no Programa de Parcerias de Investimentos – PPI.
TÜRKİYE’DE ULUSLARARASI ÖĞRENCİLERİN İSTİHDAMI:HUKUKİ BOYUT VE KOŞULLARA DAİR BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: BAŞ Halim , ETİ Serkan
Published: May 2020

Uluslararasılaşma eğilimleri “eğitim” temasını belirginleştiren bir sürece zemin hazırlamaktadır. Bu eğilimler, ekonomik değerlerin transferi şeklinde ortaya çıktığı gibi, kültürler arası etkileşimin yaygınlaşması ve bilgi transferinin hızlanması şeklinde de görünür olabilmektedir. Aynı zamanda eğitim kalite ve transferinde yaşanan süreçler, bu alanda pek çok aktör ve kurumun faaliyetlerine yön vermektedir. Diğer yandan “eğitim” temasını çevreleyen bilgi transferinin merkezi konumundaki üniversitelerin uluslararası faaliyetlerinin kapsamı ise son yirmi yıl içerisinde şaşırtıcı bir biçimde gelişme göstermiştir. Bu kapsamın içerisinde öğrencilerin hareketlilik programları ile kültür etkileşimleri, yüksek öğretime olanakları sayesinde uluslararası perspektif kazanmaları, bilgi ve beceri düzeylerinin artması gibi durumlar söz konusu olmaktadır. Bu durum, daha çok ülkelerin katma değer üretiminde yetenek savaşları adı verilen yarışta “en iyi” ve “en zeki” sosyal ve beşeri sermayesi yüksek öğrencilerden faydalanmayı temsil etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’deki üniversitelere yurt dışından gelen uluslararası öğrencilerin çalışma koşulları ve kendilerine istihdama dair tanınan yasal düzenlemeleri ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada uzman görüşleri alınarak hazırlanan 13 soruluk bir anket uluslararası öğrencilere yönlendirilmiş ve 274 kişinin katılımı sağlanmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle kavramsal çerçeveye değinilerek hukuki boyut ele alınmış ardından literatür taramasına yer verilerek alan yazındaki eğilimler ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın diğer kısmında yöntem ve kapsam sunularak sonuç ve tartışma üzerinden önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antidiabetic Potential of Armoracia Rusticana: Pharmacological and Computational Approach
Authors: Javaid Anam , Ashfaq Usman Ali , Zafar Zeeshan , Akmal Arina , Taj Saman , Khalid Hina
Published: May 2020

Aims & Objective:

Armoracia rusticana has high medicinal values and is an excellent
source of phytochemicals. This study was aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of bioactive
compounds from Armoracia rusticana.

Methods:

The antidiabetic analysis revealed that Armoracia rusticana was highly active against α-
glucosidase with IC50 values of 5.6 μg/ml. Furthermore, molecular docking was used to identify
the active constituents against α-glucosidase, while using acarbose as a controlled drug.

Results:

Upon phytochemical screening, it was found that six out of ten phytochemicals were
successfully docked in the respective binding sites. The lead phytochemical was Quercetin 3-Obeta-
D-xylopyranoside, which displayed a more binding score as compared to acarbose. They were
subjected to analyze for drug-like properties, which further strengthen its validation.

Conclusion:

It was, therefore, concluded that Armoracia rusticana might potentially be used in the
amelioration of type 2 diabetes. Potential molecules identified from this study could be considered
as a lead drug to cure diabetes mellitus.
Evaluating Pharmacokinetic and Distribution Characteristics for A New Antitumor Activity Ortho-aryl Chalcone Compound of OC26 in Rats by LC-MS/MS Method
Authors: Chen Lexing , Li Shiying , Liu Jiang , Gan Xia , Jiang Zhounan , Xu Jun , Cai Shaohui
Published: May 2020

Introduction:

OC26, an ortho-aryl chalcone compound, shows excellent antitumor activity
in vitro and vivo. However, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of OC26 have not been comprehensively
reported. It is essential to investigate the correlation of pharmacological response.

Objective:

To further explore OC26, this study aims to develop an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-
tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS/MS) method to reveal the pharmacokinetics and distribution
characteristics in rats of OC26.

Methods:

An UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to detect OC26 in plasma and various tissues. The
protein precipitation method was applied to process the biological samples. After intravenous injection
12.5mg/kg of OC26 in rats, plasma and tissue samples were collected from rats and the method was
applied to investigate pharmacokinetic and distribution characteristics of OC26.

Results:

Calibration curve samples of OC26 concentration range from 20 to 2000 ng/mL with the
goodness of fit (r2> 0.99). The precisions for the method were within 12.3%, while the accuracies for
the method were within ±11% (bias). The matrix effect had no influence on the accuracy and precision
of the method. After intravenous injection 12.5mg/kg of OC26 in rats, OC26 was rapidly eliminated
(t1/2=31.39±7.87min, MRT0→∞=15.03±2.55min) from rat plasma and widely distributed
(Vd=4.83±0.96L/kg) in tissues. The highest concentration of OC26 was detected in the brain in which
peak content (~8962.78ng/g at 15min) was over 5-fold higher than that of in other tissues, which
prompted new potential targets in the brain. Besides, lung and heart also detected quite a high level of
OC26. Benefited from quick elimination in the collected tissues and plasma, long-term accumulation
was not observed as chronic toxicity might be less.

Conclusions:

This UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to detect OC26 and provide a theoretical
basis for the further study of OC26.
A gazdaság szektorainak és munkavállalóinak vizsgálata a digitális kompetencia szintek vonatkozásában az EU tagállamaiban
Authors: Csordás Adrián
Published: May 2020

A tanulmány első sorban az OECD, az Eurostat és a World Bank adatai alapján az EU tagállamainak a digitális fejlődéshez kapcsolódó kihívásait és a fejlettség szektoriális hatásait vizsgálja 2015 és 2017 között. Arra keresi a választ, hogy van-e kapcsolat az országok digitális fejlettsége és a szektorok dominanciája között. Azt tapasztaltam -nemzetközi kutatásokkal összhangban-, hogy azokban az országokban, amelyek a fejlett csoporthoz tartoznak, ott a magas hozzáadott értéket képviselő szolgáltatás szektor a meghatározó. Más kutatásokkal megegyezően, a fejlődő országok esetében a statisztikai vizsgálat alátámasztotta azt a feltételezést, hogy az ipar a gazdaság motorja. A fejletlen országok elemzésekor pedig az derült ki, hogy a többi országhoz viszonyítva a mezőgazdaság és az ipar a hangsúlyos szektorok. A fejlett országok ICT szakemberekre irányuló igényét mérve, megvizsgáltam, hogy miként viszonyulnak a különböző digitális kompetenciájú egyének az önképzés egyik XXI. századi változatához, vagyis az online tanfolyamokhoz. Azt tapasztaltam -külföldi kutatásokkal összhangban-, hogy a digitálisan képzetlen emberek élnek legkevésbé az online tanfolyamok nyújtotta lehetőséggel. A kutatás folytatásaként érdemes lenne ezt a vizsgálatot más gazdasági térségekben is elkészíteni, leginkább azokon a régiókban, ahol a magas digitális kompetenciát igénylő foglalkozások fizetései nem térnek el jelentős mértékben egymástól a térségbe tartozó országok között.
Literature Overall of Fatigue Analysis Approaches of Vehicle Components Made of Rubber
Authors: Tomposné Szüle Veronika
Published: May 2020

Generally, the most frequently used structural materials are metals which have high strength and stiffness. However, there are many cases when other important properties come to the front, as well as high deformation capacity with elastic behavior, high viscosity namely good damping effect. Due to its above mentioned properties, rubber is widely used in vehicle and automotive industry. Vehicle components made of rubber usually exhibit large deformations. Cyclic finite deformations generate temperature in hyperelastic materials. Furthermore it is necessary to take into consideration the effects of ambient temperature. The mechanical properties of rubber depend on temperature and temperature changes can accelerate chemical alteration processes which lead to the material deterioration and fatigue processes. Research on fatigue behavior and fatigue properties of rubber has a great significance for predicting fatigue life and improving durability of rubber products. There are several studies on the fatigue behavior of rubber-based materials, but there is less research in the fatigue life prediction considering the influence of temperature and temperature changes. First purpose of this paper is summarizing the influence of temperature and temperature changes on the fatigue behavior of rubber. The second purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the state of the art on the fatigue life prediction of rubber with primary focus on the different methods available for prediction of fatigue life under the influence of temperature and temperature changes.
Fighting in Agricultural Areas of the Southeastern United States
Authors: Bletzer Keith V.
Published: May 2020

In the scientific literature, interest in male aggression is driven by views that consuming alcohol increases the likelihood of fighting. This literature mostly focuses on barrooms. Ethnographic research generally stays clear of associating bars with fighting by exploring the expressive dimensions of drunken comportment and/or (less often) the antecedents to fighting, which may take place in a variety of settings. Based on long-term fieldwork among farm laborers across the Eastern and Midwestern United States, and an analysis of field data from one agricultural home-base community, this article examines implications of fighting among farmworkers who spend time in bars and taverns (la cantina) and/or the street (la calle). Street settings were found to be more volatile than bars and taverns in agricultural areas in relation to “scrapping” among men, and, thus, more likely to end in fight-related injury. Nonetheless, men often engaged in forms of impression management that expressed their masculinity, as well as effectively avoided potential violence and possible injury.
Un “no” por respuesta, no fue suficiente
Authors: Fortoul van der Goes Teresa I.
Published: May 2020

With not enough medical or scientific knowledge, but with an excellent observational power, in addition to her brother’s loss as a consequence of smallpox and being a lifelong survivor marked from the disease, Lady Mary Wortley obtained the tools to fight against the ignorance and obstinacy from the XVII England. By allowing the inoculation of her son and daughter, with the technique she observed in Constantinople, she managed as an answer to save several lives and initiate a frontal war against smallpox.
With not enough medical or scientific knowledge, but with an excellent observational power, in addition to her brother’s loss as a consequence of smallpox and being a lifelong survivor marked from the disease, Lady Mary Wortley obtained the tools to fight against the ignorance and obstinacy from the XVII England. By allowing the inoculation of her son and daughter, with the technique she observed in Constantinople, she managed as an answer to save several lives and initiate a frontal war against smallpox.
Citopatologia: um recurso auxiliar na prevenção do câncer bucal em paciente do sexo masculino
Authors: Silva Maria da Conceição Andrade e , Rados Pantelis Varvaki
Published: May 2020

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar a influência do fumo sobre a mucosa bucal em pacientes do sexo masculino, acima dos 30 anos. Realizou-se uma avaliação citológica qualitativa (observação dos critérios de malignidade celular de Papanicolaou) e quantitativa (contagem de células de diferentes graus de maturação esfoliadas da mucosa bucal). Foram examinados 100 pacientes, sendo 50 fumantes (com no mínimo 10 anos de hábito) e 50 não-fumantes, com idade variando entre 30 e 79 anos, e mucosa bucal clinicamente normal. As áreas selecionadas foram vermelhão do lábio inferior, borda da língua (lado direito) e assoalho bucal (lado esquerdo). As lâminas foram coradas pela técnica de Papanicolaou modificada e observadas em microscópio óptico binocular no aumento de 400X. Não foram observadas características citológicas de malignidade, nas regiões anatômicas pesquisadas. O número de esfregaços inflamatórios (classe II) foi maior no grupo dos fumantes. Além de observar-se um aumento da velocidade de maturação celular ou menor adesividade nas células epiteliais. Pelo exposto concluímos que o fumo altera o padrão citológico das áreas anatômicas avaliadas interferindo no processo de maturação celular. Tais alterações podem ser entendidas como uma adaptação do epitélio de revestimento bucal às agressões provocadas pelos agentes físico-químicos do fumo percebidas pela citologia mas ainda sem manifestações clínicas.
Cisto ósseo traumático em área de rizogênese: relato de um caso
Authors: Puricelli Edela , Chaves Karen Dantur Batista , Ligocki Anelise Fagundes , Moresco Fabiana Ckless , Rovani Gisele , Rosolen Márcia , Silva Maria da Conceição Andrade e
Published: May 2020

A etiologia e a patogênese do cisto ósseo traumático ainda não estão definitivamente estabelecidas, sendo propostas múltiplas formas de tratamento. Os autores apresentam um caso de cisto ósseo traumático extenso, em paciente jovem, envolvendo corpo e ramo mandibulares. Os dentes em processo de rizogênese, envolvidos na lesão, foram conservados. Discute-se o diagnóstico, as formas de tratamento e a indicação de conservação das peças dentárias em erupção
Influence of impeller’s geometric parameters on refrigerant flow and thermal performance of a working fluid pump
Authors: Zheng Huifan , Ma Yuanqing , Wang Yongchang , Yin Yonggao , Dai Yanjun , Zhang Xuelai , Xin Xin
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the refrigerant flow and the thermal performance of a working
fluid pump are performed in the perspective of an ejector refrigeration
system. The influence of impeller?s geometric parameters on the internal
pressure, flow rate and cavitation of the pump is studied experimentally and
numerically. A vertical multi-stage centrifugal pump is selected as an
experimental prototype for numerical verification, and a working fluid
pump, which is optimized by the orthogonal analysis, is numerically studied,
the results show that the optimized one has better thermal performance than
the prototype.
Tax Retirement Savings Decisions Using an Excel Spreadsheet Approach
Authors: Lee Lorraine S. , Hansen Victoria , Brink William
Published: May 2020

Accounting academia and professional organizations alike emphasize the need for the integration of technology and information systems into the accounting curriculum. This case integrates taxation concepts (individual retirement savings) and information systems and technology skills (advanced Excel). The case, which can be implemented at the undergraduate or graduate level, requires students to use advanced Excel technical functionality to calculate the tax implications of retirement investing scenarios using three specific types of tax-deferred retirement accounts—a traditional 401(k), a traditional IRA, and a Roth IRA. As many students who complete this case will work for public accounting firms that offer retirement plans, they will benefit academically, professionally, and personally from the knowledge and skills learned in this case.