bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remedios Varo
Authors:   Universidad de Maria Curie Skłodowska, Kuczyńska Agnieszka
Published: March 2022

The article presents a Spanish artist, Remedios Varo. Although her artistic output usually remains on the margins of the analysis of surrealism, presence of this trend may be demonstrated not only in her paintings surrounded by the aura of uniqueness, but also in certain episodes from her life. Not only did the artist surround herself with surrealists, create paintings in which she contrasted people and objects in a surprising and impossible way, but she also took part in fantastic undertakings, such as a failed expedition made to find gold in the Orinoco waters. Also her fascination with the works of past masters (Bosch or El Greco) are understandable, as she was strongly rooted in the surrealist worldview and aesthetics. In her case, we may just say that being an artist-surrealist is not only a way of painting, but a way of living.
Mujeres en los exvotos de Alfredo Vilchis Roque
Authors:   Universidad de Lodz, Chmielewska Weronika
Published: March 2022

Ex-votos have appeared in the artistic tradition of Mexico since colonial times. Famous miraculous images (such as, say, Virgen de Guadalupe) have not only attracted crowds of pilgrims, but also encouraged the faithful to create votive images of a supplicatory or thanksgiving character (or to commission them). This tradition has remained to the present day, and one of the most well-known creators, who has found his artistic path in this formof imaging, is Alfredo Vilchis. The topics covered in his works are diverse, but always strongly related to problems of modern Mexican society. One of them is a position of a woman, as well as perceiving her through established stereotypes (malinchismo, marinismo).
Vanguardia y revolución como ideas-fuerza en el arte argentino de los años sesenta
Authors:   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Longoni Ana
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this work is to indicate the ways in which art and left-wing politics expressed themselves duirng the “long decade”. Avant-garde and revolution worked then as the art main thrust. The extensive repertoire of artistic manifestations reveals that from the encounter of these two concepts diverse and somtimes opposing poetics and artisitc-political programmes arised. The metaphors, although most dissimilar, overlap and mix up with each other in the same subjects in a vertiginous way. In spite of their diversity, they are united by the common understanding of the art as being capable of infl uencing the human life. There are plentiful of war metaphors: the art is perceived as activating and detonating power. The text proposes possible interpretations of the links between the art and the politics in the period of time investigated.
Arte y comunismo en la Argentina en la primera mitad del siglo XX
Authors:   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Lucena Daniela
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this article is to reconstruct and analyse different aesthetic attitudes presented by the Commuinst Party of Argentina from its creation to 1948. On the basis of an analysis of the newspapers and journals the subject of the social role of art and artists is brought back under discussion, with opinions of famous party leaders, artists and writers. Moreover, the relations of visual art manifestations (realistic and concrete) with the Party, as well as the role of Argentina in the promotion of the socialitic realism as an official aesthetic current of Communism are investigated.
Using recycled plastic waste to improve the performance of hot-mix asphalt
Authors: Al-Shawabkeh Ali F. , Awwad Mohammad T. , Al-Rousan Taleb M.
Published: March 2022

The use of recycled plastics in asphalt mixtures has become a major interest for the pavement and plastics industries due to the potential environmental benefits. An investigation was carried out into the use of three recycled plastic waste materials to modify asphalt binders and influence the performance of the resulting hot-mix asphalt (HMA). Asphalt binders were modified with three different types of recycled plastics: high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP). Marshall stability and flow were determined for 12 control mixtures using unmodified binders and 72 mixtures modified by different percentages of recycled plastic. The results revealed that, in general, recycled plastic enhanced the stability of HMA. Both recycled HDPE and PP resulted in higher mixture stability than LDPE. Optimum stability for all recycled plastic types was achieved at 8% plastic content by weight of asphalt. Mixes with 8% HDPE increased stability over the unmodified mixture by almost 17% and reduced flow by 7%. This type of plastic waste also had the highest Marshall quotient value, which suggests a better performance than the other two.
Revisiting “verbal agreement”: The case of Israeli Hebrew
Authors: Shor Leon
Published: March 2022

This paper questions the adequacy of the notion ‘verbal agreement’ with respect to the inflectional marking of person in verbal paradigms, using Israeli Hebrew (IH) as a case study. With regard to IH, the paper argues against the agreement interpretation of the inflectional affixes of the person-inflected paradigms in general, and against the assumption that third person verbs are not marked for person in particular. Adopting a corpus-based and a synchronic intra-paradigmatic perspective, it is suggested that the inflectional affixes in IH should be treated as referential elements (‘bound pronouns’) that are uniformly marked for person. More broadly, the validity of the concept of verbal agreement is questioned based on its incompatibility with observed cross-linguistic data and its historiographical origin. In this respect, the notion verbal agreement presupposes the primacy/naturalness of a particular clausal format – a bipartite structure in which the lexical subject NP and the predicate are present and morphologically independent. As this presupposition essentially reflects a logico-philosophical perspective of the clause originating in the works of the first Greek grammarians rather than a usage-based linguistic one, it is argued that the term ‘verbal agreement’ is inadequate.
Structure and mechanical properties of welded joints of high-strength low-alloy steel for arctic purposes
Authors: Sheksheev M. A. , Shiryaeva E. N. , Mikhailitsyn S. V. , Sychkov A. B. , Emelyushin A. N.
Published: March 2022

The work is devoted to the research of cracks causes in welded joints of high­strength steel for arctic purposes based on the study of the structure and mechanical properties of the weld metal and the zone of thermal influence. Consumers of machine­building products make increasingly high demands on welded joints of metal structures. This necessitates the use of rolled steels for their production, which have increased mechanical and special properties. When welding MAGSTRONG W700 type steels, cracks are observed in local sections of welded joints. It was established that the structure of the weld metal of welded joints of MAGSTRONG W700 steel is characterized by the presence of columnar crystals with a hardness of 312 – 323 HV. The metal structure in the overheating area of thermal influence zone is characterized by the presence of enlarged primary grain, as well as batch formations of bainite and bainite-martensite with hardness of 338 – 352 HV. The level of temporary resistance to rupture of the metal in thermal influence zone is 618 – 627 MPa. Depending on the test temperature, values of the impact strength of the metal in thermal influence zone vary from 62 to 86 J/cm2. MAGSTRONG W700 steel has good resistance to the formation of hot cracks during welding (UCS = 20,3), however, it has an increased tendency to form cold cracks (CE = 0,48). Analysis of the data obtained showed that destruction of welded joints of the studied steel occurs due to its unsatisfactory weldability. Such weldability is due to a complex chemical composition, as well as a whole set of factors (such as the formation of unfavorable structures in the metal of welded joints under the influence of thermal welding cycles, a complex picture of welding stresses, the level of which exceeds the temporary resistance to metal rupture). Also, the structure of the weld metal has a large­crystalline structure, which significantly weakens the connection.
Introduction of tungsten carbide into 08Kh18N10T corrosion-resistant steel and its effect on mechanical properties
Authors: Chumanov I. V. , Anikeev A. N. , Sedukhin V. V.
Published: March 2022

Interfacial phenomena and reactions between tungsten semicarbide (W2C) and corrosion-resistant steel melt have been studied using wetting experiments. This process was followed by the method of high­temperature contact heating of W2C substrate and a metal sample made of 08Kh18N10T steel. It was established that wolfram carbide has good indicators of wettability by corrosion-resistant steel, wetting angle is 135 – 145°. Composition of the substrate surface has been studied by electron scanning microscopy to determine composition of reaction products. Analysis of the obtained results allows us to state that content of chemical elements varies over the entire contact area, but pattern of their distribution there is uniform. Due to the obtained data we can make an assumption about the applicability of combination of these components to create dispersed-hardened materials. To this end, experiments have been carried out to produce dispersedly hardened centrifugal cast blanks with various types of casting – horizontal and vertical. To obtain experimental materials, the horizontal and vertical type centrifugal casting was introduced into tungsten semicarbide ingots in an amount of 1 % wt. After producing experimental materials, a number of mechanical properties were studied, such as tensile strength, yield strength and hardness. The experimental results allow us to conclude that the use of dispersed hardening in process of centrifugal casting makes it possible to obtain metal materials with increased mechanical properties. Indicators of ultimate strength increase (for all samples on average) by 2.49 %, yield strength – by 2.27 %, hardness – by 5.02 %, which correlates with the provisions on metals physico-chemical properties when using dispersed hardening technologies.
(Trans)formación del habitus y revolución científica : una superación del paradigma prohibicionista en el campo de las drogas.
Authors: Muñoz Robles Marcos , Rojas Jara Claudio
Published: March 2022

El presente artículo estudia la génesis del prohibicionismo de drogas y su efecto epistemológico-político en el campo científico siguiendo la propuesta analítica de Pierre Bourdieu. A través de una revisión teórica y documental crítica se problematiza, mediante la reflexividad del campo científico de las drogas, la formación del campo y el habitus científico que ha estado fuertemente condicionado por el proceso de demonización de las drogas y usuarios, a partir de un determinismo farmacológico que asocia los comportamientos individuales y sociales con las sustancias. Se recomienda avanzar hacia una revolución científica que contenga un cambio de paradigma y una transformación del habitus científico-profesional en el campo interdisciplinario, atendiendo a la complejidad social, cultural y política que influyen en las maneras de conocer e intervenir la realidad.
Editorial
Authors: Güelman Martín
Published: March 2022

Editorial
As mudanças na política brasileira de drogas : o avanço da lógica da justiça sobre a saúde.
Authors: Mendes Lages Ribeiro Fernanda , De Souza Minayo Maria Cecilia
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: apresentar e discutir os sentidos e impactos do redirecionamento do cuidado a usuários de drogas expresso nas mudanças na política de drogas brasileira. Metodologia: pesquisa documental tendo como base as mudanças recentes na política de saúde mental. Resultados: há um progressivo processo de abandono de estratégias cientificamente comprovadas e o reforço ao julgamento moral e à ótica bélica de combate às substâncias psicoativas ancorada na perspectiva de guerra às drogas. O Brasil, com a Lei da Reforma Psiquiátrica (no 10.2016), seguiu os passos da Luta Antimanicomial, um movimento mundial. Por outro lado, há, historicamente no país a atuação paralela de entidades privadas de cunho religioso no tratamento antidrogas, as chamadas comunidades terapêuticas. Conclusão: contemporaneamente, a política brasileira passou a priorizar expressivo financiamento público para as comunidades terapêuticas, instituições manicomiais que trabalham com a abstinência como princípio de tratamento, o que representa um retrocesso das políticas conquistadas pela sociedade brasileira.
Ciencia y políticas de drogas : contexto sociocultural, neuropolítica y control social.
Authors: Romaní Oriol
Published: March 2022

El objetivo del presente trabajo es mostrar las distancias entre perspectivas científicas complejas y políticas de drogas prohibicionistas, aunque estas se justifiquen a partir de planteamientos supuestamente científicos. La metodología consiste en analizar el tema desde dos aspectos estratégicos: por un lado, revisando la hipótesis de la adicción como enfermedad cerebral, y por el otro, contrastando los principales informes institucionales sobre el cannabis con las políticas hegemónicas en el siglo XX. Los resultados ponen en evidencia las limitaciones de la hipótesis de la adicción como enfermedad cerebral, así como diferencias entre lo señalado por los informes y políticas prohibicionistas sobre el cannabis. En las conclusiones se subraya que las incongruencias entre ciencia y políticas de drogas hay que entenderlas en el contexto de sus usos en relación con el control social y sus transformaciones, desde uno de tipo coercitivo e institucional, a la neuropolítica, basada en la performance individual.
Datos online no-solicitados en Twitter y toma de decisiones en políticas públicas sobre el uso de sustancias psicoactivas en Colombia
Authors: Peña Enrique , Fontes Carlos
Published: March 2022

Hoy en día observamos cómo muchas de las actividades humanas cotidianas se han trasladado desde el mundo material al mundo digital y con ellas los datos que generan. Entre estas nuevas relaciones digitales se destacan las interacciones comerciales, nuevas relaciones laborales derivadas del incremento del trabajo virtual remoto y novedosas formas de relacionamiento y convivencia social facilitadas por una amplia gama de tecnologías, entre ellas las redes sociales como Facebook, Twitter e Instagram. Cada vez que se tiene acceso a más y mejor tecnología al servicio de la sociedad, los Estados y organismos privados pueden verse beneficiados por este nuevo paradigma a la hora de cumplir sus objetivos sociales. Estamos en una era en donde el énfasis se trasladó de la generación de datos hacia el procesamiento de estos en grandes volúmenes. Entre las distintas herramientas que generan datos online no solicitados y para el análisis del presente escrito se destaca la plataforma Twitter, red social de uso gratuito de comunicación bidireccional que ha sido el centro de distintos ejercicios políticos a lo largo del mundo, usada por muchos políticos de Occidente y que se caracteriza por tener una interfaz de consulta masiva de datos, apta para centros que pretenden análisis social.

En el siguiente documento se pretende evidenciar a partir de dos ejemplos prácticos (análisis de Word Cloud y análisis de sentimientos), como el uso del Application Programming Interface (API) de Twitter puede arrojar información útil para mejorar la toma de decisión en políticas públicas, aplicable a temas específicos de difícil enfoque como por ejemplo el uso de sustancias psicoactivas en la sociedad. Los datos obtenidos, debidamente procesados, permitirán un mejor contexto de partida para la toma de decisiones, contexto que suele estar ensombrecido por las dinámicas propias del prohibicionismo en las políticas de drogas.
Carbon Pricing Under Pressure: Withering Markets?
Authors: Gulbrandsen Lars H. , Wettestad Jørgen
Published: March 2022

Emissions trading systems (ETSs) are operating and developing in many regions and countries. Doubts have been raised about their effectiveness, but the global picture has many nuances, as the contributions to this thematic issue on carbon markets show. In this editorial, we briefly review some of the achievements and limitations of key ETSs, and provide an overview of the assembled articles. The cases examined in this issue include carbon markets rules under the Paris Agreement, the reform of the EU ETS and the proposed expansion of its sectoral coverage to shipping, and emissions trading initiatives in China, the USA, and New Zealand. The evidence indicates that, despite uncertainties related to future developments, carbon markets are continuing to evolve and expand around the world.
Pelvic Osteotomies for Treatment of Young Patients With Hip Osteoarthritis Secondary to Developmental Dysplasia
Authors: Teplenky Mikhail P. , Oleinikov Evgeny V. , Bunov Vyacheslav S. , Fozilov Jonibek T.
Published: March 2022

Background. The value of joint-sparing reconstructive procedures in patients with osteoarthritis in a dysplastic hip is controversial.
The study aimed to evaluate the immediate and mid-term results of reconstructive interventions performed in patients with this pathology.
Methods. The treatment results of 30 patients aged 1440 years with osteoarthritis in the dysplastic hip were analyzed. The mean follow-up time was 6.81.5 years in group 1 and 4.10.7 years in group 2. The clinical condition and treatment results were assessed by DAubigne-Postel, Severin, Tonnis criteria, and the Ilizarov Center system. In all cases, extra-articular reconstructive procedures were performed on both articular components.
Results. The patients were divided into two groups by age. In group 1 (1418 years), the functional result was 16.00.5 points. According to the Severin criteria, the joints were distributed as follows: Ia, 7; IIa, 7; IIb, 2; and III, 3. The degree of hip osteoarthritis did not change in 13 joints. Osteoarthritis progressed in one joint, and arthritic changes regressed in four joints. The treatment results according to the criteria of the RSC VTO were good in 14 joints, satisfactory in 5, and unsatisfactory in 1. In group 2 (18 years, n = 11), the functional result was 15.00.4 points. The distribution of joints according to the Severin criteria was as follows: Ia, 3; IIa, 6, and III, 2. The degree of osteoarthritis did not change in 10 joints. Osteoarthritis progressed in one joint. The treatment results according to the criteria of the Ilizarov Center were good in seven joints, satisfactory in three, and unsatisfactory in one.
Conclusions. The differentiated use of joint-sparing reconstructive procedures makes it possible to slow down the progression of the pathological process in the joint even in patients with developed osteoarthritis and, in some cases, to use them as a temporary alternative to endoprosthesis in adolescents and young adults.
Pathophysiological mechanisms of formation of joint contractures during limb lengthening and their correction by functional biofeedback
Authors: Mironov S. P. , Kosov I. S. , Malakhov O. A. , Samkov A. S. , Kozhevnikov O. V.
Published: March 2022

Analysis of pathologic changes in neuromuscular system developing during distraction osteosynthesis has been performed using biomechanic tests and EMG. The main reflex dysfunctions on the segmental level of biocontrol for periarticular muscles that results in hypertonia and blocking of adjacent joints are determined. The possibility to apply the functional biocontrol with feedback using EMG for contracture correction at limb lengthening is substantiated. Clinical use of this method is presented.
Method of treatment of cervical osteochondrosis by intradiscal administration of small doses of papain: morphological substantiation and clinical application
Authors: Vetrila S. T. , Pogozheva T. I. , Styablin N. I.
Published: March 2022

Experiments in 91 rabbits were performed to study the action of proteolytic enzyme - papaine (lekozime, Lek, Yugoslavia) in small doses (0.5-1.0 mg) and alcohol (in concentrations 24%, 48%, 96%) on the structure of intervertebral disks. 359 intervertebral disks were examined using light and electron microscopy. Morphologic data showed that under papaine effect the gradual substitution of the hydrated tissue of nucleus pulposus by fibrous tissue, decrease of intervertebral space and formation of not mobile block between two displaced vertebral bodies took place. Data obtained during experiments allowed to apply intradisk injection of papaine in small doses for the treatment of cervical intervertebral disk pathology, and gave the possibility to elaborate new method for the treatment of cervical osteochondrosis. That method was used in 89 patients. Follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 9 years. Positive results preserved in 95.2%o of patients. Indications and contraindications for the application of elaboration method were defined on the base of experimental and clinical data, outcomes and treatment efficacy.
Rare toe injury
Authors: Zolotov A. S.
Published: March 2022

Dislocations in the interphalangeal joints of the toes are rare. In this case, as a rule, the first finger is damaged. Dislocations in the interphalangeal joints of the remaining fingers are extremely rare. If the plantar fibrous plate is infringed in the joint cavity, the dislocation becomes irreducible and requires surgical treatment [1].
Report on the All-Russian Conference with international participation "The problem of osteoporosis in traumatology and orthopedics"
Authors: Rodionova S. S. , Kolondaev A. F.
Published: March 2022

The conference took place on February 16-17, 2000 at the Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after A.I. N.N. Priorov. In its organization, in addition to CITO and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the Moscow branch of the Russian Association for Osteoporosis took an active part. Such a large-scale event on the problem of osteoporosis among orthopedists and traumatologists was held for the first time and aroused great interest, as evidenced by its geography (most regions of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania were represented) and the number of participants (209 people).
Free bone grafting of the distraction regenerate with delayed bone formation
Authors: Barabash A. A.
Published: March 2022

The bone regeneration and effect of free osseous autoplasty into distractive regenerate were studied in experimental model of delayed bone formation. Sixty rabbits were used. In all animals the shin lengthening was performed using Ilizarov device. There were 3 groups of animals: I-st group (control) - distraction rate was 1 mm/day; II-nd group - 2 mm/day distraction; ІІІ-rd group - 2 mm/day distraction + bone autografting into the middle of distractive regenerate. The animals were euthanased on 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 55 day after operation. Roentgenologic, morphologic, electronic microscopic, electronic probe examinations were used. Distraction was shown to influence the organization of regenerating bone tissue with prevailing periostal origin of bone formation. In acceleration of distraction rate the formation and remodeling of bone regenerate was delayed and bone tissue calcium was decreased. In autoplasty the remodelling of distractive regenerate was more intensive by 10-15 day and calcium content in bone tissue was 30% higher as compared with data of II-nd group and 28% as compared with data of I-st group.
Reconstruction of the sliding apparatus of the tendon graft with a vascularized fascial flap in the experiment
Authors: Sklyanchuk E. D.
Published: March 2022

Three types of the reconstruction technique of free tendinous graft sliding apparatus were studied in 30 dogs using vascularized fascial flap on a vascular bundle. Type I - tendinous graft was sutured to margin of the fascial flap parallel to the axis of the vascular bundle; type II - tendinous graft was placed parallel to the axis of the vascular bundle and wrapped by the margins of the fascial flap; type III - two tendinous grafts were wrapped by free margins of the single fascial flap. To model the conditions of the fibrous canal of digitorus flexor tendons devoid blood supply and innervation, the capsule of the free fascial graft taking from the broad fascia was formed around the fascial flap with tendinous graft. The axial movements of tendinous grafts and external fascial capsula as well as morphologic changes in the experimental connective tissue structures were studied on days 7, 10, 14, 21, 28. Mean range of movement was of sinusoidal dynamics and made up 11.8, 19.2, 20.0, 17.75 and 18.6 mm, respectively. The range of movement of fascial capsule relative to surrounding muscular tissues was 1-3 mm and did not undergo changes at long-term observation.
Treatment of patients with deforming arthrosis of the elbow joint
Authors: Soldatov Y. P. , Makushin V. D. , Karaseva T. Y.
Published: March 2022

The results of the complex treatment of 30 patients with elbow deforming arthrosis are given. The treatment consisted of drug therapy, physiatrics, subchondral tunneling of bone metadiaphyses forming elbow joint. Depending on the disease stage transosseous fixation, change of ulnar trochlea incisure curve, osteophytes resection were petformed. Early follow-up showed positive dynamics in all patients. Long term results showed good outcomes in 14 out of 17 examined patients and satisfactory outcomes in 3 patients. Etiopathogenic principles of the management of elbow deforming arthrosis were elaborated and optimum methods for the treatment were defined.
Features of movement disorders in children with consequences of birth injury of the brachial plexus and their correction by functional biofeedback
Authors: Kosov I. S.
Published: March 2022

In 11 children with moderate and severe obstetric brachial palsy the analysis of EMG data of periarticular shoulder muscles was performed. Changes in reciprocal relations of muscles-antagonists as well as of deltoid oscillation frequency increase up to 180 Hz were determined. Author's theory was that the changes of deltoid functional action and its compensatory remodelling on tonic type were possible. That supposition was confirmed by the treatment results of patients using biocontrol. Method of differentiated biofeedback on EMG was applied. During 6-7 months of treatment an adequate interaction of periarticular muscles-antagonists was achieved, active deltoid function ( 3 points) was obtained, decrease of deltoid oscillation frequency up to 120 Hz was noted
Clinical concept of pathological gait analysis
Authors: Skvortsov D. V.
Published: March 2022

Conceptual approach to pathological gait analysis requires special equipment and is insufficiently elaborated. Suggested approach divides the pathological gait symptoms into nonspecific (walking slowing-down) and pathognomic ones. The levels of motion pathology compensation are distinguished: ipsilateral level - compensatory mechanisms affect the structures of the injured limb only, bilateral interaction level - compensatory processes affect healthy and injured limbs. Several main rules are formulated. Redistribution of functions - healthy limb performs mainly the weight bearing function, while injured limb performs mainly the transfer function; functional imitation - healthy limb imitates the function of the injured one to decrease the functional asymmetry; provision with optimum - to change the healthy limb function so that to approach the walking close to norm. Balance of lower extremities motion takes place at the level of pelvic and lumbar spine but the trunk remains relatively stable. Terminal balance at walking is performed at the level of trunk and upper extremities motion. If the balance is impossible the crutches and sticks are used - level of additional support. Impossibility to walk results in the use of other types of locomotion or other additional mechanical devices - level of locomotion different from walking.
Application of ventral approaches in surgery of the thoracic and lumbar spine
Authors: Dudayev A. K. , Yastrebkov N. M. , Orlov V. P.
Published: March 2022

Twenty-year experience in application of anterior approaches for spine surgery is analyzed. There were 826 patients with acute spinal injuries and their sequlae, spinal tumors, infectious and degenerative spinal lesions as well as spinal deformities. Using the anerior approaches 839 operations were performed. Results of surgical treatment were evaluated by dynamics of neurologic deficit, term and pattern of anterior osseous block development, value of spine correction, rate of postoperative complications, dynamics of functional spine state during rehabilitation period. Data obtained testify the high efficacy of anterior approaches in spine interventions for the treatment of patients with spine injuries and diseases.
Notes in the margins of the manuscript
Authors: Tsykunov M. B.
Published: March 2022

Article by V.N. Petukhov is likely to be of interest to the readers of the journal, since the problem that is considered in it is of undoubted scientific and practical interest. Vertebrogenic pain syndrome occurs daily in the practice of an orthopedist. For several decades, various methods of spinal traction have been used to stop it. Traction therapy is highly effective, but only with strict adherence to the indications for it and the correct procedure for performing the procedure.
Single bone lesion with giant cell tumor and chondromatosis (case report)
Authors: Lipkin S. I. , Rodionova S. S. , Verchenko G. N.
Published: March 2022

The uncommon case of combined lesion of the humerus by dysplastic process and giant cell tumor is present. There were no histogenetic relationship between chondromatosis without malignancy and giant cell tumor. Interaction of chondromatosis and absence of chondromas is considered.
Medical genetic counseling for hereditary diseases of the skeleton
Authors: Ilyina V. K.
Published: March 2022

The bone skeleton is extremely susceptible to hereditary diseases, among which the most severe group is generalized bone dysplasia, or hereditary systemic diseases of the skeleton. Despite their relative rarity, they cause significant damage to the family and society, leading to early and severe disability of patients.
About steroid therapy for Achilles tendon pathology
Authors: Demichev N. P. , Khairulin Y. Kh. , Filimonov E. P.
Published: March 2022

The experience in treatment of 3 patients with rupture of Achilles tendon due to steroid injections in connected with achillodynia or tendoperiosteopathy of calcaneal tuber is presented. There 3.5% of patients with such pathology out of all patients with Achilles tendon rupture. In those patients the tendon rupture was shown to be caused by insignificant physical load (quick walking, slight jump). Postoperatively all patients had complications in form of diastasis of cutaneous wound margins. In one patient necrosis of wound with tendon involvement was noted. 3.5 months after operation the wounds healed by granulation. The severity of postoperative course was noted to be directly proportional to the number of corticosteroid injections into Achilles tendon.
The use of surface-demineralized implants in the treatment of post-traumatic false joints in children
Authors: Merkulov V. N. , Lekishvili M. V. , Dorokhin A. I.
Published: March 2022

At the Pediatric Trauma Department (CITO) in 6 patients with post-traumatic pseudoarthroses of different localization new bone implants elaborated at СІТО Bone Bank were used. This new bone implant was a surface-demineralized liophylized graft sterilized by the stream of quick electrons in 20 KGy dose. Bone implants were applied in complex with metal osteosynthesis, mainly transosseous one. Positive results were achieved in all cases. The term of regeneration, absence of immunologic reactions testified the efficacy of treatment tactics and high plastic properties of the grafts. Analysis of experience of treatment of children with post-traumatic pseudoarthrosis allows to conclude that application of demineralized liophylized implants is perspective.
Our experience in the treatment of congenital hip dislocation in children of different ages
Authors: Malakhov O. A. , Kozhevnikov O. V. , Gribov I. V. , Kralina S. E.
Published: March 2022

The experience in treatment of children with neglected congenital hip dislocation is presented. The main principles of management are defined. The successive complex of curative measures including conservative treatment using Ter-Egiazarov-Sheptun functional plaster bandage in children over 6 months is described in detail. In failed conservative treatment the reduction of dislocation is performed using over head technique. In children over 3 years descent of femoral head and reduction of dislocation are carried out on distraction system followed by surgical correction of all dysplastic elements of the hip joint. Technique of detorsion-varus osteotomy with application of distraction system and closed reduction is described. Long-term results were evaluated using CITO score system in 255 patients. Good and satisfactory results were in 91.7% of cases.
Modern aspects of the treatment of post-traumatic deforming arthrosis of the ankle joint
Authors: Arkhipov S. V. , Lychagin A. V.
Published: March 2022

Post-traumatic deforming arthrosis of the ankle joint is a severe complication of damage to articular structures. The severity of its clinical manifestations depends on a number of factors: the time elapsed since the injury, the severity of primary anatomical disorders, the activity of reparative processes, the presence of tibiofibular diastasis, the state of the ligamentous apparatus, paraarticular tissues, and neurotrophic disorders.
A word about a teacher
Authors: Mironov S. P. , Lirtsman V. M.
Published: March 2022

On August 28, in the 97th year, Arkady Vladimirovich Kaplan, an outstanding traumatologist-orthopedist, who was and remains a Teacher, not only for us Zit members, but also for all the specialists of our once vast country, passed away. The teacher lived a long life and, together with the whole country, experienced the severity of the totalitarian regime, and the hardships of everyday life, and the bitterness of defeat in the first years of the most cruel and destructive war of the expiring century, and the immeasurable joy of the great Victory over fascism.
Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation in surgery for idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Mikhailovsky M. V. , Fomichev N. G. , Novikov V. V. , Vasyura A. S. , Kirilov I. A. , Bolbas D. V. , Lebedev M. N.
Published: March 2022

From 1996 to 1998 twenty four patients, aged 12.5- 24.5, with idiopathic scoliosis underwent Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Significant correction of all multiplane spine deformities was achieved: scoliosis - by 50.8%, thoracic hypokyphosis - by 8.1-22.5, torsion - by 24.5%. Lumbar lordosis was preserved. Mean follow up was 10.7 months. Only in 5 patients the loss of the correction was observed and it was equal to 7-8.
Scheuermann’s disease: yesterday, today, tomorrow
Authors: Korzh N. A. , Kolesnichenko V. A.
Published: March 2022

Basing on literature data and personal investigations the authors summarize current concepts regarding etiology and pathogenesis of Scheuermanns disease. The types of clinical course of the disease are considered depending on its localization and peculiarities of structural changes in spine segments are considered. Further perspective study of spine osteochondropathy is planned.
Preservation of lower extremity function followed by pelvic tumor resection
Authors: Filippenko V. A. , Istomin A. G.
Published: March 2022

In 192 operated patients with tumors and tumorlike diseases functional results were analyzed. In 162 patients radical sparing operations were performed according to oncologic demands and with preservation of static-dynamic function of pelvic girdle and lower extremity. High efficacy of those operations was confirmed by clinical and biomechanical data. Long term results showed the necessity to perfect reconstructive surgery on pelvic posterior semi-ring. Elaborated variants of plastic operations for the substitution of acetabular zone allow to restore the hip joint function after resection of pubic, iliac and ischium bones. When the anterior pelvic ring is disturbed bone defects should not be repaired as static-dynamic function is preserved due to compensatory mechanism of sacroiliac ligaments.
Mechanical characteristics of different osseous alloplastic materials
Authors: Kasymov I. A. , Gavryushenko N. S.
Published: March 2022

Comparative study of two plastic materials, i.e. frozen cortical allobone and demineralized perforated allobone (perfoost) was performed. Testing of the samples from the same part of the tibia was carried out using Zwick 1464 apparatus. It was showed that firmness of perfoost was lower than that of the frozen allobone: during compression - by 33%, switching - by 66%, bending - by 46% for metaphyseal sample and by 70% for diaphyseal one. Perfoost possesses the rigidity that allows to use this graft in marginal resection as well as in osteotomy as a bone fixator. Advisability of the graft in segmental resection of lower extremity without cortical allograft is doubtful.
Setre-Chotzen syndrome in an 8-year-old girl
Authors: Kotov V. L. , Meyerson E. M. , Il'ina V. K. , Bruskina V. Y.
Published: March 2022

Acrocephalosyndactyly (type III), or Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, according to the International Nomenclature of Hereditary Skeletal Diseases, belongs to the group of dysostoses, manifested by deformities of individual bones or their combinations, and is included in the subgroup of dysostoses with a primary lesion of the face and skull. The type of inheritance is autosomal dominant.
Konstantin Mitrofanovich Sivash
Authors: Sherepo Konstantin M.
Published: March 2022

On February 23, 1999, Professor K.M. Sivash. He hasn't been with us for 10 years. It is known that often even the most significant scientific achievements receive a true assessment only after a long time, sometimes after the death of a scientist. Konstantin Mitrofanovich won wide recognition and fame during his lifetime. However, over time, his contribution to science seems to be more significant.
Total hipjoint replacement
Authors: Nuzhdin V. I. , Popova T. P. , Kudinov О. А.
Published: March 2022

During 1990-1998 at CITO total hipjoint replacement was performed in 1668 patients. 1599 patients were followed from 1 to 8 years. In 1100 patients (68.8%) good results (passively flex the hipupto 90 degrees without pain, walk without additional support) were achieved. 399 patients (25%) had satisfactory results (passively flex the hipupto 60 degrees, transient pain, walk with additional support). 100 patients (6.2%) underwent revision hiparthroplasty due to prosthesis loosening. Outcomes were improved when the modern implants with structural surface and high-firm polyethylene - chirulen (Biomet, ESI, Plus Endoprothetik AG) were used.
The alignment of components in total hiparthroplasty
Authors: Malzer U. , Schuler P. , Shaposhnikov Y. G.
Published: March 2022

The alignment of components is one of the most important topics in total knee arthroplasty. The resections should be performed according to anatomical landmarks, such as the epicondylar line, the anterior-posterior axis and the tibial tubercle. Some important anatomical properties of the human knee joint and their significance for surgical technique are described.
Experimental and theoretical substantiation of the mechanism of the trophic influence of a function on the structural organization of the bone. Physiological restructuring
Authors: Brusco A. T. , Omelchuk V. P.
Published: March 2022

In biomechanical experiments on isolated fresh and wet long bones of dogs, the features of the distribution of compressive and tensile mechanical stresses were studied, the hydrodynamic effects of elastic deformations were visualized, and their dependence on the nature, magnitude and frequency of variable loads was established. The conditions for adaptation of long bones to persistent changes in the functional load have been clarified. Based on the data obtained, it was established that the influence of the mechanical factor is realized through the hydrodynamic effects of elastic deformations, which are considered as an important physiological mechanism for the regulation of intraosseous microcirculation, and, consequently, bone tissue trophism. From these positions, the significance of the functional factor in the physiological restructuring of the bone, the occurrence of certain types of orthopedic pathology, and its role in the rehabilitation of patients with diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system are explained.
Theoretical aspects of readaptation of children with hereditary skeleton diseases
Authors: Mikhailova L. K. , Tsykunov М. B. , Kosov I. S. , Eryemushkin М. А.
Published: March 2022

Theoretical ground of a new approach to the treatment tactics of patients with hereditary skeleton diseases, named readaptation is given. Pathophysiologic, anatomic as well as functional bases for readaptation are considered in point of the compensatory mechanisms development of pathologically changed motor stereotypes in these patients. Main principles of readaptation are formulated. Algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of readaptation programs is suggested.
Experience in using the original repositioning apparatus
Authors: Simakov V. I. , Zelyanin А. S.
Published: March 2022

The problem of accurate reposition of fragments is relevant in the treatment of both fresh and improperly fused, non-united fractures and false joints. Transosseous osteosynthesis with Ilizarov-type devices is today an everyday, common method of treating fresh and old bone fractures of metadiaphyseal localization. Its advantages are widely known - first of all, good stability, high functionality and the possibility of influencing reparative bone regeneration.
Clinical use of bisphosphonates
Authors: Rodionova S. S. , Yuryeva E. A. , Kolondaev А. F. , Mashkovskaya T. А.
Published: March 2022

In the treatment of bone tissue pathology associated with a violation of its metabolism, drugs belonging to the class of bisphosphonates have been increasingly used in the last decade. Bisphosphonates are synthetic analogs of pyrophosphoric acid containing, instead of the chemical bond [P-O-P], which undergoes rapid decay in the body, a non-hydrolyzable bond [P-C-P]. This prevents the drugs from breaking down when taken per os, but since they are chelators, it is recommended to take them on an empty stomach to prevent binding to divalent ions.
Report on the symposium "Arthroplasty of large joints"
Authors: Popova T. P. , Chesnokov А. A.
Published: March 2022

Orthopedists from Russia, CIS countries, Switzerland, Germany, Austria took part in the work of the symposium, which took place on November 12-14, 1998 at CITO. Issues of total hip and knee arthroplasty, indications for arthroplasty, surgical technique, long-term results, complications, as well as prospects for the development of the problem were discussed. Demonstrative operations were performed on the hip and knee joints using modern endoprosthesis designs from Plus Endoprothetik AG.
Project-based learning in schools in the USA, France and Russia
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Zagorodnyuk T. I.
Published: March 2022

The article deals with the implementation of project-based learning in schools in the USA, France and Russia The article describes the key characteristics of the term “project”, the importance of project activities for students and the degree of involvement of teachers in the activities of educational project groups. The comparison makes it possible to identify problems of the implementation of project training in Russia. Based on the experience of foreign countries, the options for overcoming the barriers are presented.
Ways of education development
Authors:   Russian State Pedagogical University named after A. I. Herzen, Rychagova E. A.
Published: March 2022

The article describes an assessment of O. E. Lebedev's hypotheses presented in his work “The End of the Compulsory Education System” through a SWOT analysis tool, touches on the structural and regulatory aspects of the development of the general education system. The article describes the competencies that a modern school graduate should have the 21st century. The article considers the role of federal state educational standards in improving the effectiveness of educational activities and the quality of the educational process, in creating conditions necessary to meet the requirements for the quality of the educational process. The conclusion is made about the need to accept the introduction of different types of project activity as the main trajectory of modernization of the education system
The Effect of Product Market Competition on Mandatory Disclosure Strategy
Authors:   , Chung Hanyong , Choy Helen
Published: March 2022

This study examines how product market competition affects firms' mandatory disclosure strategies. Using the information in the SEC comment letters, I observe that firms in a highly competitive market are more likely to file unaudited mandatory disclosures with deficiency. I also find that firms facing higher competition from potential entrants tend to bundle positive (negative) mandatory items with the negative (positive) management earnings forecasts. These findings support my conjecture that firms exercise discretion in the mandatory disclosure through less transparent ways, due to a proprietary cost resulting from market competition. Additional analyses demonstrate a positive economic consequence of such disclosure strategy, and the relationship between market competition and mandatory disclosure strategies is stronger for industry followers than for industry leaders.
The effects of immune checkpoint modulators on the clinical course of patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: An Jihyun , Kang Hyo Jeong , Yu Eunsil , Lee Han Chu , Shim Ju Hyun
Published: March 2022

Background/Aim: Immune checkpoint proteins regulating T-cell mediated anti-tumor immunity have been reported to affect clinical outcomes in multiple malignancies. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic effect of histological expression of immune checkpoint proteins in patients with resected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: A total of 221 patients with HCC who underwent curative resection were included. Expression of programmed-cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in tumor cells (tPD-L1) and tumor infiltrating mononuclear cells (TIMCs) (iPD-L1), programmed-cell death-1 in TIMCs (iPD-1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 in TIMCs (iCTLA-4) were measured immunohistochemically.Results: Histo-positivity for iCTLA-4, iPD-1, iPD-L1, and tPD-L1 was 32.1%, 42.5%, 35.3%, and 14.9%, respectively. Multivariate logistic analyses revealed that male sex and tumor >5 cm were variables related to iCTLA-4 positivity (odds ratio [OR], 0.46 and 1.94, respectively; P<0.05). Poor differentiation was related to PD-L1 expression in both tumor cells and TIMCs (OR, 2.88 and 3.46, respectively; P<0.05). Microvascular invasion was significantly associated only with iPD-L1 (OR, 2.24; P<0.05). In time-dependent outcome analyses, expression of immune checkpoint proteins in TIMCs (i.e., iCTLA-4, iPD-1, and iPD-L1) was significantly related to longer overall survival and non-cancer-related survival (all P<0.05), but not to time-to-recurrence or cancer-specific deaths. Concurrent activation of the PD-1:PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways predicted improved outcomes in terms of overall survival and non-cancer related survival (P=0.06 and P=0.03, respectively).Conclusions: Immune checkpoint proteins upregulated in TIMCs in HCC tissues have individual and additive effects in prolonging the survival of patients, specifically in terms of survival not related to cancer recurrence.