bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
rhDNAz (Dornase alfa) Nedir, COVID-19 Tedavisinde Yeri Var mıdır?
Authors: KARCIOĞLU Özgür
Published: June 2020

Nötrofil lökositler (NL) vücutta hastalık yapan mikroorganizmalarla
savaşın en ön cephesindeki hücrelerdir ve hemen yanıt verirler. COVID-19
olgularında da NL’lerin hızla yanıt vermesi olumlu, iyileştirici bir faktördür;
fakat bu yanıtın istenmeyen aşırı bir noktaya gelmesinin akciğer hasarını
artırdığı ve ölüme giden yolu tetiklediği düşünülmektedir. ‘Sitokin fırtınası’
kavramı bu abartılı yanıtın genel adıdır ve birçok hücresel ve biyokimyasal
yanıtın ilişkilerinin sonucudur. Akciğerde “neutrophil extracellular traps”
(NETs) oluşumu COVID-19 enfeksiyonunun ARDS’ye ve solunum yetmezliğine
ilerlemesinin belirleyici sürecidir. rhDNAz (Dornase alfa) burada lökositlerden
açığa çıkan DNA’ları parçalayarak süreci geriye çevirebilmektedir. Pahalılığı
ve orta şiddetteki hastalarda uygulanamaması şu an çekinceleri oluştursa da
gelecek için ümit veren bir tedavi modalitesi olabilir.
Financial Strategy Formulation and Implementation under Economic Uncertainty: Ukrainian companies’ case
Authors: Aleksin Glib
Published: June 2020

Factors of economic uncertainty are considered. Economic uncertainty factors’ effect on financial managerial decisions is studied. Financial strategy matrix is proposed on the basis of a sample of Ukrainian companies. The proposed financial strategy matrix covers both financial and market goals – according to the BSC methodology. Thus, in the proposed tool, financial goals are reflected by the level of leverage A/E (Assets-to-Equity), market goals in turn are represented by ROA level; combination of the financial goal (A/E) and market goal (ROA) produces ROE, i.e. level of value creation for stakeholders. Within the proposed methodology financial strategy uses an analytical tool that combines financial and market goals of the enterprise, where the abscissa axis plots ROA level, the ordinate axis plots A/E level. The algorithm of making managerial decisions on financial strategy is described on an example of a company from selected sample – PJSC “Carlsberg Ukraine” – over 2014-2018. A set of managerial decisions targeted at further financial and market position is proposed.
Constraining the Dimensionality of SN Ia Spectral Variation with Twins
Authors: Rubin David
Published: June 2020

SNe Ia continue to play a key role in cosmological measurements. Their interpretation over a range in redshift requires a rest-frame spectral energy distribution model. For practicality, these models are parameterized with a limited number of parameters and are trained using linear or nonlinear dimensionality reduction. This work focuses on the related problem of estimating the number of parameters underlying SN Ia spectral variation (the dimensionality). I present a technique for using the properties of high-dimensional space and the counting statistics of “twin” SNe Ia to estimate this dimensionality. Applying this method to the supernova pairings from Fakhouri et al. shows that a modest number of parameters (three to five, not including extinction) explain those data well. The analysis also finds that the intrinsic parameters are approximately Gaussian-distributed. The limited number of parameters hints that improved SED models are possible that may enable substantial reductions in SN cosmological uncertainties with current and near-term data sets.
The Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction of Galaxies and AGN in the GOODS Fields
Authors: Smith Brent M. , Windhorst Rogier A. , Cohen Seth H. , Koekemoer Anton M. , Jansen Rolf A. , White Cameron , Borthakur Sanchayeeta , Hathi Nimish , Jiang Linhua , Rutkowski Michael , Ryan Russell E. , Inoue Akio K. , O’Connell Robert W. , MacKenty John W. , Conselice Christopher J. , Silk Joseph I.
Published: June 2020

We present our analysis of the Lyman continuum (LyC) emission and escape fraction of 111 spectroscopically verified galaxies with and without active galactic nuclei (AGN) from 2.26 < z < 4.3. We extended our ERS sample from Smith et al. with 64 galaxies in the GOODS North and South fields using WFC3/UVIS F225W, F275W, and F336W mosaics we independently drizzled using the HDUV, CANDELS, and UVUDF data. Among the 17 AGN from the 111 galaxies, one provided a LyC detection in F275W at

 = 23.19 mag (signal-to-noise ratio, S/N, ≃ 133) and GALEX NUV at

 = 23.77 mag (S/N ≃ 13). We simultaneously fit SDSS and Chandra spectra of this AGN to an accretion disk and Comptonization model, and find

values of

and

. For the remaining 110 galaxies, we stack image cutouts that capture their LyC emission using the F225W, F275W, and F336W data of the GOODS and ERS samples, and both combined, as well as subsamples of galaxies with and without AGN, and all galaxies. We find the stack of 17 AGN dominate the LyC production from

 ≃ 2.3–4.3 by a factor of ∼10 compared to all 94 galaxies without AGN. While the IGM of the early universe may have been reionized mostly by massive stars, there is evidence that a significant portion of the ionizing energy came from AGN.
The Inner Disk of RY Tau: Evidence of Stellar Occultation by the Disk Atmosphere at the Sublimation Rim from K-band Continuum Interferometry
Authors: Davies Claire L. , Kraus Stefan , Harries Tim J. , Monnier John D. , Kloppenborg Brian , Aarnio Alicia , Baron Fabien , Lopez Rebeca Garcia , Millan-Gabet Rafael , Parks Robert , Pedretti Ettore , Perraut Karine , Sturmann Judit , Sturmann Laszlo , ten Brummelaar Theo A. , Touhami Yamina
Published: June 2020

We present models of the inner region of the circumstellar disk of RY Tau that aim to explain our near-infrared (K-band: 2.1 μm) interferometric observations, while remaining consistent with the optical to near-infrared portions of the spectral energy distribution. Our submilliarcsecond-resolution CHARA Array observations are supplemented with shorter baseline, archival data from PTI, KI, and VLTI/GRAVITY and modeled using an axisymmetric Monte Carlo radiative transfer code. The K-band visibilities are well fit by models incorporating a central star illuminating a disk with an inner edge shaped by dust sublimation at 0.210 ± 0.005 au, assuming a viewing geometry adopted from millimeter interferometry (65° inclined with a disk major axis position angle of 23°). This sublimation radius is consistent with that expected of silicate grains with a maximum size of 0.36–0.40 μm contributing to the opacity, and is an order of magnitude further from the star than the theoretical magnetospheric truncation radius. The visibilities on the longest baselines probed by CHARA indicate that we lack a clear line of sight to the stellar photosphere. Instead, our analysis shows that the central star is occulted by the disk surface layers close to the sublimation rim. While we do not see direct evidence of temporal variability in our multiepoch CHARA observations, we suggest the aperiodic photometric variability of RY Tau is likely related temporal and/or azimuthal variations in the structure of the disk surface layers.
An Application of the Global ILC Algorithm over Large Angular Scales to Estimate the CMB Posterior Using Gibbs Sampling
Authors: Sudevan Vipin , Saha Rajib
Published: June 2020

In this work, we formalize a new technique to investigate the joint posterior density of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) signal and its theoretical angular power spectrum given the observed data, using the global internal-linear-combination method first proposed in a paper by Sudevan & Saha in 2017. We implement the method on low-resolution CMB maps observed by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and the Planck satellite missions, using Gibbs sampling, assuming that the detector noise is negligible on large angular scales of the sky. The main products of our analysis are a best-fit cleaned CMB map and its theoretical angular power spectrum, along with their error estimates. We validate the method by performing Monte Carlo simulations that include realistic foreground models and noise levels consistent with WMAP and Planck observations. Our method has a unique advantage: the posterior density is obtained without any need to explicitly model foreground components. Second, the power spectrum results with the error estimates can be directly used for cosmological parameter estimations.
X-Ray Quasi-periodic Oscillations in the Lense–Thirring Precession Model. II. Variability of the Relativistic Iron Kα Line
Authors: You Bei , Życki Piotr T. , Ingram Adam , Bursa Michal , Wang Wei
Published: June 2020

The reprocessing of primary X-ray emission in the accretion disk of black hole X-ray binaries (BHXRBs) produces a reflection spectrum with the characteristic Fe Kα fluorescence line. Strong low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are observed from BHXRBs, and the dependence of QPO properties (e.g., phase lag) on the inclination angle suggests that the observed QPO may be associated with a geometrical effect, e.g., the precession of the X-ray source due to frame dragging near the spinning black hole. Here, in the scenario of the Lense–Thirring precession of the X-ray source, we use a Monte Carlo simulation of radiative transfer to study the irradiation/reflection and the resultant spectral properties including the Fe Kα line as a function of precession phase (time). We found that the reflection fraction, i.e., the ratio of incident flux toward the disk and the direct flux toward the observer at infinity, is modulated by the precession phase, which depends on the truncation radius (i.e., the spectral state in the truncated disk model) and the inclination angle. The Fe Kα line profile also changes as the primary X-ray source precesses, with the line luminosity and the flux-weighted centroid energy varying with the precession phase. The periodically modulated 2–10 keV continuum flux could apparently lag the line luminosity in phase, if the truncation radius is small enough for Doppler effects due to disk orbital motion to significantly affect the observed radiation.
The Extreme Space Weather Event in 1903 October/November: An Outburst from the Quiet Sun
Authors: Hayakawa Hisashi , Ribeiro Paulo , Vaquero José M. , Gallego María Cruz , Knipp Delores J. , Mekhaldi Florian , Bhaskar Ankush , Oliveira Denny M. , Notsu Yuta , Carrasco Víctor M. S. , Caccavari Ana , Veenadhari Bhaskara , Mukherjee Shyamoli , Ebihara Yusuke
Published: June 2020

While the Sun is generally more eruptive during its maximum and declining phases, observational evidence shows certain cases of powerful solar eruptions during the quiet phase of solar activity. Occurring in the weak Solar Cycle 14 just after its minimum, the extreme space weather event in 1903 October–November is one of these cases. Here, we reconstruct the time series of geomagnetic activity based on contemporary observational records. With the mid-latitude magnetograms, the 1903 magnetic storm is thought to be caused by a fast coronal mass ejection (≈1500 km s−1) and is regarded as a superstorm with an estimated minimum of the equivalent disturbance storm time index (Dst’) of ≈−531 nT. The reconstructed time series has been compared with the equatorward extension of auroral oval (≈44.°1 in invariant latitude) and the time series of telegraphic disturbances. This case study shows that potential threats posed by extreme space weather events exist even during weak solar cycles or near their minima.
A grid-based map for the Biogeographical Regions of Europe
Authors: Cervellini Marco , Zannini Piero , Di Musciano Michele , Fattorini Simone , Jiménez-Alfaro Borja , Rocchini Duccio , Field Richard , R. Vetaas Ole , Irl Severin D.H. , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Hoffmann Samuel , Fischer Jan-Christopher , Casella Laura , Angelini Pierangela , Genovesi Piero , Nascimbene Juri , Chiarucci Alessandro
Published: June 2020

Biogeographical units are widely adopted in ecological research and nature conservation management, even though biogeographical regionalisation is still under scientific debate. The European Environment Agency provided an official map of the European Biogeographical Regions (EBRs), which contains the official boundaries used in the Habitats and Birds Directives. However, these boundaries bisect cells in the official EU 10 km × 10 km grid used for many purposes, including reporting species and habitat data, meaning that 6881 cells overlap two or more regions. Therefore, superimposing the EBRs vector map over the grid creates ambiguities in associating some cells with European Biogeographical Regions.

To provide an operational tool to unambiguously define the boundaries of the eleven European Biogeographical Regions, we provide a specifically developed raster map of Grid-Based European Biogeographical Regions (GB-EBRs). In this new map, the borders of the EBRs are reshaped to coherently match the standard European 10 km × 10 km grid imposed for reporting tasks by Article 17 of the Habitats Directive and used for many other datasets. We assign each cell to the EBR with the largest area within the cell.
Drug-neutralizing Antibodies against TNF-α blockers as Biomarkers of Therapy Effect Evaluation
Authors: Kraev Krasimir , Geneva-Popova Mariela , Popova Velichka , Popova Stanislava , Maneva Ana , Batalov Anastas , Stankova Teodora , Delcheva Ginka , Stefanova Katya
Published: June 2020

Introduction: TNF-α blocker therapy is part of the treatment with biologics used in the management of inflammatory joint diseases. In recent years, drug-induced neutralizing antibodies have been shown to have a negative effect on the course of the disease process.

Aim: To investigate drug-induced neutralizing antibodies against TNF-α blocking drugs used in patients with inflammatory joint diseases and their effect on the clinical course of the disease.

Materials and methods: The study included 121 (56.8%) patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 50 (23.5%) patients with ankylosing spondylitis, 42 (19.7%) patients with psoriatic arthritis, and 31 sex and age-matched healthy controls. The patients were monitored at 0, 6, 12, and 24 months after initiation of TNF-α blocker treatment. The demographic data, vital signs and the parameters of inflammatory activity (C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and disease activity indices) were analyzed in all patients. Drug-induced anti-TNF-α blockers antibodies (adalimumab and etanercept) were analyzed using ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v. 24.

Results: Drug-induced neutralizing antibodies against adalimumab were obtained in 11.57% of patients at 6 month, in 17.64% at 12 month, and in 24.8% at 24 month. Drug-induced neutralizing antibodies to etanercept were not demonstrated in patients followed up at 6 months, at 7.77% at 12 months, and at 9.63% at 24 months. Between the presence of neutralizing antibodies to blockers of TNF-α and indices available for disease activity, there is a strong positive correlation and Pearson Correlation = 0.701, p=0.001. Patients with poor clinical response and available antibodies against adalimumab at 12 months were 82.36% and patients treated with etanercept 71.42%. The difference between the two groups was non-significant (U = 0.527, p> 0.05). Patients with poor clinical response and available anti-adalimumab antibodies at 24 month were 75%, and in patients treated with etanercept – 87.50%, the difference between the two groups not being able to reach significance (U = 0.623, p> 0.05).

Conclusion: Drug-induced neutralizing antibodies against TNF-α blockers (adalimumab and etanercept) have a negative effect on the course of inflammatory joint disease and can be used as reliable biomarker to assess the effect of the treatment with these drugs.
Correlation between CGRP Levels and the Neuropathic and Inflammatory Component of Postoperative Pain
Authors: Neychev Deyan , Sbirkova Tanya , Ivanovska Maria , Raycheva Ralitsa , Murdjeva Mariana , Atanasov Dimitar
Published: June 2020

Introduction: In surgical procedures, tissue damage results in the release of a number of bioactive substances. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a peptide released from sensory nerves, which determines its role in pain sensation. Its distribution in tissues deter­mines its role as a primary afferent neurotransmitter.

Aim: To determine the effect of CGRP on postoperative pain and reactive inflammatory process after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars, as well as the factors that have influence upon the perception of pain.

Materials and methods: Forty patients with bilaterally impacted mandibular third molars were included in the study. Venous blood samples were collected before and 24 hours after the surgical procedure in order to test their serum levels of CGRP and procalcitonin. Two weeks later the procedure was repeated. The difficulty of the surgical procedure, its duration and complications were assessed in all patients.

Results: The influence of some of the studied factors upon postoperative pain was established. Differences in the sensation of pain between the two sexes were found when comparing pain intensity reported by the patients. Significant difference between pain inten­sity after the 1st and 2nd surgical procedures (6 hours) was found in females (Z=2.63, p=0.009;), whereas in males the difference was observed at 24 hours (Z=1.99; p=0.047).

Regarding the existence of sex-related association, а significant, strong positive correlation between CGRP levels after the 1st and 2nd surgical procedures (24 hours) was found in males (rxy=0.78; p=0.004), whereas in females this correlation was also significant, although moderately significant (rxy=0.44; p=0.020). CGRP levels at the first and second extractions were generally similar in males, and not as much in females. We proved significantly moderate positive association between CGRP and pulse levels measured before the second surgery (rxy=0.37, p=0.021).

Conclusion: The results of our study suggest a significant role of CGRP in reactive (neurogenic) inflammation.
Refraction in Preschool Children in Kazanlak, Bulgaria
Authors: Slaveykov Kiril , Trifonova Kalina
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The refractive state of the eye changes as the eye’s axial length increases and the cornea and lens flatten. In general, eyes are hyperopic at birth, become slightly more hyperopic until the age of 7, which at this point we see a myopic shift toward plano until the eyes reach their adult dimensions, usually by about the age 16.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of refractive error in preschool children aged 3 - 6 in the city of Kazanlak, Bulgaria.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a kindergarten based school within the city of Kazanlak, Bul­garia. Out of 15 kindergarten schools, 10 chose to participate in the study. The children underwent non-mydriatic refraction screening using a Plus-Optix S12с mobile camera. Myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism were defined as being a spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ −0.50 D, SE ≥ +2.00 D and cylindrical diopters ≤ −1.00 D.

Results: A total of 596 children were screened. Out of these 596 children; 526 were with ametropia (470 hypermetropia, 46 myopia) and 50 had astigmatism. Strabismus was found in 12 children, with a further 8 children suffering from amblyopia and finally 8 children were also found to be diagnosed with anisometropia. In 8 cases there were no results due to opacities or due to the small size of the pupil.

Conclusion: The prevalence of refractive error in preschool children is similar to that found in other research in the field. While most cases fall into the category of emmetropia or mild hypermetropia, most of the children had never been to an ophthalmologist. A manda­tory checkup should be issued for all children below the age of seven.
Closed Reduction in Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Patients Older than One Year
Authors: Bozinovski Zoran , Doksevska Milena Bogojevska , Tokmakova Keti P.
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Besides an effective screening method for developmental dysplasia of the hip, there is certain number of children in whom the condition has been overseen or they have never been screened and the parents have noticed the odd walking pattern in their toddler. Treatment of such patients is controversial. One of the recommended treatment methods because of the short-term hospitalization, but often considered unsuccessful is closed reduction of the hip followed by cast immobilization.

Hypothesis: Closed hip reduction in late diagnosed developmental dysplasia of the hip gives good results. 

Aim: Our aim in this retrospective study was evaluation of the success of the treatment with closed reduction of hip dislocation in children older than 12 months. 

Patients and methods: In the study, we included 20 patients treated at our clinic from June 2004 to May 2017. Of these 20 patients, 8 had bilateral involvement, 12 had unilateral, in a total of 28 hips. In all patients we noted preoperatively the range of movement, the presence of limp, any limb inequality, and hip pain. We used clinical and radiological parameters for evaluation. Clinically, we examined the range of movement, limb inequality as well as limb function and we classified it according to the modified McKay’s criteria. Same examinations were done at 1, 3, and 5 years after closed reduction.

Results: At the last follow-up examination, using McKey’s criteria for clinical evaluation we rated the hips in two patients (7%) as grade III, i.e. fair grade, 10 hips (36%) were grade II – rated good, and 16 hips (57%) were evaluated as grade I. In four hips, there were signs of avascular necrosis of the hip, while in one patient the avascular necrosis developed after the closed reduction. Radiographic assessment (Figs 3, 4) using Severin’s scoring system showed no hips with types V and VI, type IV was observed in 7%, type III in 21%, type II in 29%, while most of the hips (12, 43%) were type I.

Conclusion: We concluded that the procedure was justified. An advantage of this method is that it is inexpensive; it entails no direct operative changes of the bone structures and gives good results.
Description of two new species of Tonsilla Wang & Yin, 1992 with an updated key to species (Araneae, Agelenidae)
Authors: Liu Ke-ke , Luo Hui-pu , Xu Xiang , Chen Zhiwu , Xiao Yong-hong
Published: June 2020

Two new species of Tonsilla Wang & Yin, 1992 are described from Jinggang Mountain National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province, China: T. jinggangensis K. Liu & X. Xu, sp. nov. (♀) and T. subyanlingensis K. Liu & X. Xu, sp. nov. (♂♀). The new species are illustrated, and their distributions are mapped. Detailed generic characters and an updated key to Tonsilla species are also given.
La mer monte : impacts et stratégies
Authors: Lacroix Denis , Rocle Nicolas , Mora Olivier , de Menthière Nicolas , Béthinger Audrey
Published: June 2020

En octobre 2019, l’AllEnvi a publié les résultats d’une prospective sur les conséquences environnementales, sociales et économiques de la montée de la mer d’ici 2100 — une des manifestions directes du changement climatique — et la façon dont on pourrait les anticiper et s’y préparer. Cet exercice, basé sur la méthode de construction de scénarios, a permis de développer huit scénarios globaux et trois focus territoriaux. Denis Lacroix et Nicolas Rocle en livrent les principaux enseignements. Après un rappel des éléments de cadrage, de la méthodologie et du contexte, ils présentent les scénarios, regroupés en trois familles (« Adaptation littorale », « Déni » et « Monde fragmenté »), ainsi que les focus territoriaux portant sur le Bassin aquitain, les Pays-Bas et le Viêt-nam. Ces scénarios révèlent combien le niveau de la mer pourrait s’élever, quelles pourraient en être les conséquences sur le littoral et quelles stratégies pourraient être adoptées pour en atténuer les impacts et, surtout, s’y adapter. En effet, les conditions d’une inversion de la donne (qui résulterait de politiques mondiales très vertueuses) ne pouvant guère être réunies à un horizon proche, l’objectif est désormais de se préparer à la conquête du littoral par la mer. L’avertissement est d’autant plus sérieux qu’un nombre croissant de nos contemporains s’y concentrent, sans même parler des vacanciers qui s’y précipitent et des autres conséquences qui peuvent en résulter comme en témoignent les territoires les plus exposés. Pour maintenir la situation des territoires côtiers dans un état qualifié par les auteurs de « modéré » à « sérieux », il est indispensable que décideurs et citoyens engagent dès aujourd’hui des actions fortes de résilience, de sobriété… Nous reviendrons sur le sujet, cet article ouvrant une série consacrée à la mer qui se poursuivra fin 2020 ou en 2021.  S.D.
L’e-administration en Europe
Authors: Pardal Isabela
Published: June 2020

Fin 2019, la Commission européenne a publié un rapport comparant l’intégration du numérique au sein des gouvernements et administrations d’une trentaine de pays européens, et la façon dont cette intégration améliore (ou non) le service aux usagers. Isabela Pardal a examiné ce benchmark avec une focale sur le cas suisse, dont elle est familière. Comme elle le souligne ici au vu de la position relativement médiocre du pays, les moyens techniques et financiers ne suffisent pas à garantir la performance organisationnelle puisque la Suisse, dont la stratégie de développement de sa cyberadministration a été lancée il y a plus de 20 ans et qui ne manque pas de moyens pour la financer, est à la traîne, en Europe, dans ce domaine. Elle pointe un manque de coopération et de synergies aux différents échelons institutionnels, imputable dans une large part, selon elle, à une prise en compte insuffisante des composantes immatérielles. De son côté, la France affiche des performances relativement bonnes en matière de cyberadministration, qui pourraient sans doute être elles aussi grandement améliorées si elle faisait en sorte — comme le conseille Isabela Pardal s’agissant de la fédération helvétique — de renforcer les synergies à tous les niveaux institutionnels.  S.D.
Écrire une histoire populaire de la France
Authors: Zancarini-Fournel Michelle
Published: June 2020

L’article retrace la généalogie de l’écriture de l’ouvrage Les Luttes et les Rêves. Une histoire populaire de la France de 1685 à nos jours , paru en 2016. Cette histoire populaire s’attache aux expériences individuelles ou collectives des subalternes (le quotidien, les pratiques, les conflictualités, les espoirs, les cultures des hommes et des femmes dans l’ensemble du territoire y compris ses périphéries et ses colonies). Même dominés, les individus sont dans des contextes spécifiques mus par la conviction de ce qui est juste et injuste. Écrire une histoire « vue d’en bas », une histoire « à rebrousse-poil » (Benjamin) qui prenne au sérieux les pensées et les actions des protagonistes, croisées avec les politiques des dominants permet, malgré les échecs, de rappeler les potentialités inaccomplies du passé, les espoirs non advenus incarnés dans des luttes et des rêves.
Pour une histoire par en bas du Saint-Empire romain germanique : l’histoire populaire comme point de vue sur la domination
Authors: Renault Rachel
Published: June 2020

L’article s’interroge sur la pertinence respective des notions d’« histoire populaire » et d’« histoire par en bas » pour comprendre les rapports de pouvoir et la domination sociale dans le Saint-Empire romain germanique. Ces approches ont été longtemps freinées par une historiographie allemande puissamment structurée par une vision « avec les yeux de l’État », puis par des postulats wébériens. Si les travaux plus récents ont en partie rompu avec ces perspectives par le haut, ils n’ont que rarement pris en compte le Saint-Empire lui-même. L’article s’attache donc à proposer quelques pistes, à partir de la question fiscale, d’une histoire par le bas de cet Empire réputé archaïque et « monstrueux ». En observant la manière dont tout un peuple d’Empire travaille l’ensemble du corps politique et social et en modèle la structure, on recharge également la notion de modernité, qui était au cœur des grands récits d’inspiration wébérienne, d’une densité sociale nouvelle. Observer le Saint-Empire en contre-plongée permet donc de proposer une histoire plus épaisse du corps politique et social.
Trajectoires de personnes souffrant de lombalgie chronique : ruptures et reconstructions après un programme de rééducation
Authors: Mbarga Josiane , Foley Rose-Anna , Pichonnaz Claude , Ancey Céline
Published: June 2020

But de l’étude : L’objectif de cet article est d’examiner, du point de vue des patients, les ruptures de trajectoires biographiques induites par la lombalgie chronique et l’impact d’un programme de rééducation multidisciplinaire sur leur reconstruction. Méthodes : À partir d’une recherche qualitative interdisciplinaire, l’expérience de 20 patients lombalgiques participant à un programme de rééducation de trois semaines à l’hôpital a été analysée. Des entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés avant et après la participation au programme. Résultats : Bien que la lombalgie chronique affecte de manière singulière chaque personne, elle induit des ruptures de linéarité biographique analogues, liées à l’apparition des douleurs et à la perturbation des activités quotidiennes et professionnelles. Pour la majorité des participants, le programme de rééducation constitue un espace réparateur permettant de rétablir une continuité entre vie passée, présente et future. Qu’il y ait une diminution de la douleur ou pas, plusieurs des sujets rapportent des bénéfices qui leur procurent le sentiment de recouvrer leur normalité. Cependant, ils les identifient davantage pour leurs activités domestiques, familiales et sociales que professionnelles, les effets restant modérés voire mitigés dans ce domaine. Conclusions : Le programme de rééducation influence la dynamique des trajectoires biographiques et favorise un retour à ce qui est perçu comme la normalité. En fournissant des outils théoriques et pratiques aux individus et en accroissant leurs capacités fonctionnelles, il favorise une gestion autonome de la douleur et du problème. Les effets immédiats sont perçus comme réparateurs pour les activités domestiques, familiales et sociales, mais restent limités au niveau professionnel.
Recourir à la pédopsychiatrie publique : étude dans six centres de soins parisiens
Authors: Tibi-Lévy Yaël
Published: June 2020

Introduction : Selon l’Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), 12 % des enfants et adolescents vivant en France (soit un sur huit) présentent des troubles psychiques. Les conditions de recours de cette population aux centres de santé mentale restent néanmoins peu explorées. But de l’étude : Notre objectif était d’apporter un double éclairage – statistique et discursif – sur l’orientation de cette population vers la pédopsychiatrie publique (profil socio démographique, acteurs à l’origine des demandes, motifs de première consultation, qualification des difficultés et troubles par les parents…). Méthodes : Cet article s’appuie sur une enquête quantitative et une enquête qualitative menées conjointement dans six centres de soins publics parisiens : deux centres médico-psychologiques (CMP), deux centres médico-psycho-pédagogiques (CMPP), un centre d’accueil thérapeutique à temps partiel (CATTP) et une unité d’hospitalisation de jour (HJ). Au total, 581 fiches de premier appel et 73 dossiers-patients ont été analysés (correspondant à 654 enfants), puis complétés à titre illustratif d’extraits d’entretien issus de 59 monographies de familles. Résultats : Au-delà d’éléments descriptifs (sexe, âge, niveau scolaire, environnement socio familial, conditions d’accès aux centres…), cette étude a souligné la forte vulnérabilité de certaines familles, la diversité des motifs avancés pour entamer un suivi, ainsi que le rôle clé de l’institution scolaire dans le dépistage, puis l’orientation de ces jeunes vers des structures spécialisées en santé mentale. Conclusions : Ces résultats ouvrent des réflexions intéressantes sur l’instauration précoce de mesures préventives et offrent de nombreuses perspectives de recherche.
Dispensation des antirétroviraux pour une durée de plus d’un mois : retour sur une recherche exploratoire qualitative
Authors: Raymond Isabelle , Alessandrin Arnaud , Certain Agnès , Jacomet Christine , Langlois Julie , Billaud Éric , Couffignal Pauline , Porta Coralie
Published: June 2020

Cet article restitue les résultats d’une recherche qualitative portant sur les pratiques officinales de dispensation d’anirétroviraux (ARV) relatives à des demandes supérieures à un mois, pour un départ à l’étranger. Malgré une réglementation stricte, une cartographie montre une hétérogénéité de son application conduisant à une grande diversité des pratiques de dispensation. Cette recherche qualitative menée auprès de 22 officines à l’échelle du territoire national révèle des logiques relationnelles et réglementaires qui participent de cette absence d’uniformité des pratiques. Les notions d’« embarras », d’« engagement professionnel », de « souci réglementaire » et de « relations personnelles » avec les patients expliquent en grande partie les aménagements observés dans ce type de demande de dispensation d’ARV.
Appréciation des interventions de lutte contre la malnutrition maternelle par la population à Madagascar
Authors: Ravaoarisoa Lantonirina , Razafimahatratra Mamy Jean Jacques , Rakotondratsara Mamy Andrianirina , Pourette Dolorès , Rakotonirina Julio , Rakotomanga Jean de Dieu Marie
Published: June 2020

Introduction : Madagascar a adopté des stratégies de lutte contre la malnutrition maternelle depuis plusieurs années, mais l’évaluation de leur mise en œuvre n’est pas effective. But de l’étude : La présente étude vise à décrire l’appréciation par les bénéficiaires des interventions visant à lutter contre la malnutrition maternelle et à identifier leurs attentes. Méthode : Une étude qualitative a été menée dans la région d’Amoron’i Mania à Madagascar. La population d’étude était constituée par des mères d’enfants âgés de moins de 5 ans, des femmes enceintes ainsi que d’autres membres de la famille et de la communauté (pères de famille, grand-mères, matrones et agents communautaires). Six focus groups et 16 entretiens individuels ont été réalisés pour collecter les données dont le traitement a été réalisé en utilisant la méthode d’analyse thématique. Résultats : L’aide alimentaire, l’amélioration de la production de l’agriculture et de l’élevage et l’éducation nutritionnelle opérées par les ONG constituent les interventions les plus connues. Les centres de santé n’ont pas été cités comme intervenant et leurs interventions ont été méconnues. L’efficacité de l’intervention était jugée généralement sur les avantages perçus par les bénéficiaires. Les intervenants qui œuvraient par projet ont été estimés non pérennes. Deux principaux problèmes ont été évoqués, l’insuffisance de la production agricole entraînant l’inaccessibilité des ingrédients qu’exigent l’éducation nutritionnelle et la faible couverture des interventions. L’amélioration de la production agricole constitue la principale suggestion évoquée pour lutter contre la malnutrition maternelle. Conclusions : Les bénéficiaires ont estimé que les interventions existantes dans la région étaient insuffisantes pour résoudre le problème de malnutrition chez les mères.
ECharacterize: A Novel Feature Selection-Based Framework for Characterizing Entrepreneurial Influencers in Arabic Twitter
Authors: Almotairy Bodor Moheel , Abdullah Manal , Abbasi Rabeeh
Published: June 2020

Abstract— Social media are widely used as communication platforms in the world of business. Twitter, in particular, offers valuable opportunities for collaboration due to its open nature. For that, many entrepreneurs employ Twitter for different reasons, such as mobilizing financial resources, get funding, and increase their innovation capabilities. Therefore, they keep looking for local entrepreneurial accounts to help them. Messages from entrepreneurial influencers -opinion leader- increase the information diffusion to entrepreneurs, helping them to find more opportunities. Discovering the characteristics of entrepreneurial influencers in Twitter networks becomes extremely important since it reflects the way to reach entrepreneurs. In the present paper, we propose a novel framework called ECharacterize based on feature selections techniques to discover the characteristics of the entrepreneurial influencer in the Saudi context in a robust manner. The framework extracts abundant influencers’ features and then employs seven state-of-the-art ranking methods to determine the characteristics of the most relevant influencer. It robustly aggregates the lists to come out with the accurate final list using Robust Rank Aggregation. The framework examined on 233,018 real-life Arabic tweets. The results show the ability of the proposed method to distinguish between the influencers by their popularity, reliability and activity level.   
Factors Related to Age-0 Native Fish Catch per Unit Effort in the South Dakota Missouri River Reservoirs
Authors: Radigan William J. , Fincel Mark J.
Published: June 2020

The Missouri River in South Dakota was dammed in the 1950s and 1960s, altering the biotic and abiotic factors that potentially affect native species in the mainstem reservoirs. Little research has been conducted regarding what factors regulate age-0 catch per unit effort (CPUE) of native fish species since the damming occurred. Thus, we examined age-0 CPUE for 13 native fish species in the four Missouri River mainstem reservoirs. We analyzed data from 1995 to 2015 in Lake Oahe, 2002 to 2016 in Lake Sharpe, 1998 to 2008 in Lake Francis Case, and 2000 to 2013 in Lewis and Clark Lake. Not all species were sampled in all reservoirs. We evaluated potential environmental (inflow, gauge height, peak flow, precipitation, air temperature) and biological (CPUE of other native species, nonnative species, and predators) factors that have documented impacts on age-0 native fish. Significant relationships existed between age-0 native fish CPUE and both biotic and abiotic factors in all four reservoirs, but were species- and reservoir-dependent. Age-0 CPUE was either stable or increasing in all species examined in all reservoirs except age-0 Emerald Shiner Notropis atherinoides in Lewis and Clark Lake. Age-0 Emerald Shiner CPUE in Lewis and Clark Lake was most supported by biological models (e.g., total age-0 nonnative and adult White Bass Morone chrysops CPUE), and a positive relationship existed between age-0 Emerald Shiner and both factors. We believe our findings provide valuable insight into successful management of native fish populations.
Mechanical Properties and Texture Evolution of High-Carbon Steel Wires during Wire Drawing: Strand Manufacturing
Authors: Kisrane-Bouzidi Ahmed , Zidani Mosbah , Nebbar Mohamed-Chaouki , Abid Tahar , Helbert A.L. , Brisset François , Baudin Thierry
Published: June 2020

In this paper, the evolution of texture in the ferrite phase and mechanical behavior of cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires produced for strand manufacturing at Trefisoud company was investigated. Wire drawing induces the development of dislocation density, reduction of interlamellar spacing and the refinement of grains size which leads to a strong hardening of the wires. That explains the increase of the tensile strength from 1242 MPa to 2618 MPa with higher deformation. Also, the cementite lamellae are rotated toward the drawing axis and the thickness of lamellae further decreases when strain level increases, this phenomenon leads to a somewhat fibrous structure. The quantitative analysis obtained by EBSD data shows the development of a strong (<110> // ND) texture of the ferrite phase leading to a structural transformation from isotropic to anisotropic.
Grid-Connected PEM Fuel Cell with Multi-Pulse Multilevel Inverter
Authors: Saha Akshay Kumar
Published: June 2020

Application of multi-pulse multilevel inverters is considered in this paper for distributed generation. A five-level twelve-pulse neutral point clamped inverter has been combined with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell in order to investigate load following characteristics of the fuel cell. The fuel cell implemented with a three-phase multi-pulse multilevel inverter is adept of delivering single-phase and three-phase loads both in islanded and grid-connected approach. Changes in power demand from no-load to full-load (120 kW) have been applied to study the characteristics of the system from the perspective of how it can follow the load changes in load demand. It has been observed that the fuel cell model is adept of following power request as per requirement; however, there is a response time of few seconds, because the reformer for the fuel cell requires time to generate fuel and the fuel cell requires time for chemical reactions to take place in it. Implementations of six-pulse and twelve-pulse five-level neutral point clamped and flying capacitor inverters show that total harmonic distortions for six-pulse and twelve-pulse five-level neutral point clamped inverters to be 1.066219% and 0.406149% respectively as compared to 2.466889% and 1.5104075% for flying capacitor inverters. It has been observed that with twelve-pulse neutral point clamped inverter, the output voltage waveform is smoother and close to sinewave. The results of the research work is presented with analyses to validate that multi-pulse multilevel neutral point clamped inverter is a better way out for the fuel cell power generation model as this type of inverters produces smoother waveforms to improve power quality with lower harmonics.
Synthesis of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate: A Review
Authors: Mosina Marika , Locs Janis
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to summarize various synthesis routes of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), focusing on properties, especially Ca/P molar ratio and specific surface area (SSA) of obtained ACP. The effects of synthesis conditions on properties of final products are analysed and discussed.
First-Principles Study on Electronic Structure, Elasticity, Debye Temperature and Anisotropy of Cubic KCaF3
Authors: Liu Xing , Fu Jia , Han Man Man , Sun Kai Xin , Wei Sheng Li
Published: June 2020

As a potential functional material in the perovskite family, the KCaF3 on electronic structure, elasticity, Debye temperature and anisotropy are studied based on density functional theory (DFT). Above all, the structural parameters of KCaF3 crystal are optimized. Then the elastic constants and Debye temperature are calculated. The results show that: (1) KCaF3 is composed of covalent bonds, in which the Ca-F bond is stronger than K-F. (2) Ca atom mainly contributes for the electronic properties of KCaF3. (3) The structural parameters of KCaF3 is in fair agreement with the experimental data. (4) The anisotropy of KCaF3 was analyzed from the pure and quasi waves, of which the longitudinal wave velocity in the direction of [100] is the larger than the others two directions ([110] and [111]). Finally, The homogenized elastic moduli (bulk modulus B, shear modulus G, Young's modulus E), Pugh and Poisson ratio, are obtained. This research is meaningful and thus to provides a good theoretical guidance for the design the new ABX3-type material with better performance.
Effects of Direct Coal Liquefaction Residue Additions on Low-Rank Pulverized Coal during Co-Pyrolysis
Authors: Yin Ning , Song Yong Hui , Zhou Jun , Tian Yu Hong , Yang Ai Wu
Published: June 2020

This study examined the co-pyrolysis characteristics of low-rank coal (SJC) and direct coal liquefaction residue (DCLR) through thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. It also investigated the influences of different mass fractions of DCLR to SJC on the co-pyrolysis characteristics and release regulation of gas phase components. Results showed that with increasing DCLR content, coke yield initially decreased and then increased, but tar and gas yield reversed. Different addition of DCLR changed the composition of the pyrolysis gas in various degrees, and reduced the content of-OH and nitrogen compounds in coke. The H2 content in the gas gradually increased. When 40% DCLR was added, the maximum tar yield was 22.79%, and the maximum H2 yield was 37.12%. At 60% DCLR, the lowest semi-coke yield was 65.01%, and the highest gas yield was 14.65%. The co-pyrolysis of SJC and DCLR can be divided into three stages. The first was the dry degassing stage, during which the adsorbed gas and small-molecule gas were removed on the coal surface at room temperature to 350 °C. The second stage (350 °C–650 °C) was the intense pyrolysis reaction stage, during which a large number of volatiles were obtained. The substantial weight loss rate peak appeared around 450 °C. The weight loss rate of pyrolysis gradually increased with increasing DCLR dosage. The co-pyrolysis of SJC and DCLR was not a simple sum between SJC and DCLR, which indicated a synergistic effect in the co-pyrolysis. The synergistic effect between SJC and DCLR enhances the interaction between free-radical fragments, thereby increasing the yield of pyrolysis tar. The third stage was the shrinkage of semi-coke from 650 °C to the end of the reaction. The polycondensation reaction between free-radical fragments to form solid coke with higher aromaticity, and H2 released.
Effect of Solution Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of SLM 316L Stainless Steel for Nuclear Power Field
Authors: Chen Liang , Shang Jian Lu , Liu Yan Zhang , Zhao Jian Guang , Zhu Ping
Published: June 2020

In order to characterize the effect of solution treatment on the properties of Selective laser melting (SLM) 316L material for nuclear power field, the effects of different solution treatment conditions on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 316L material were studied. The results show that 316L material is arc-shaped fish scale structure for as-deposited condition. After solution treatment at 1050 °C and 1150 °C respectively, the material microstructure recrystallizes and the arc boundary between layers disappears. The fracture characteristics is typical ductile fracture characteristic. Compared with temperature of 1050 °C, the material is fully recrystallized at 1150 °C and the microstructure uniformity is improved together with the anisotropy is obviously reduced, meanwhile, the formation of twin structure will be beneficial of improving the mechanical properties which has been demonstrated through metallographic analysis combined with characterization of mechanical performance.
Structural and Morphological of Pulsed Laser Deposited Magnesium Phthalocyanine (MgPc) Thin Film
Authors: Ibrahim Noor M. , Hassan Eman K.
Published: June 2020

Magnesium Phthalocyanine (MgPc) was deposited on a glass substrate by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using Q-Switching Nd: YAG laser with wavelength 1064(nm), (6Hz) Repetition rate, in addition to different laser energies (200,300,400 and 500 mJ) at room temperature under vacuum condition with (10-3torr). All films were annealed at (298K) for 1hour to attain crystallinity. X-ray diffraction of MgPc powder indicated the fact that MgPc crystallizes in polycrystalline with a monoclinic structure While comparing the MgPc of films, it’s found the intensity of characteristic peak is high as the number and energy of laser pulses increase and the crystallize is monoclinic form is observed in β-form. Miller indices, hkl, values for every one of the diffraction peaks in the spectrum of the XRD have been computed. The characteristic peak of Phthalocyanine (MgPc) is found at 2θ value 6.9137o with the hkl value of {100} for both MgPc powder and deposited thin film. The surface morphology of the films showed more uniform sized grains. EDX and FESEM analysis has shown that there has been an enhancement in the crystallinity and surface morphology as a result of the increase of laser energies and for finding the optimum parameters for which film provides more efficient structural characteristics.