bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kontingenz, Künstlichkeit und Travestie
Authors: Rabl Christian
Published: August 2020

Die architekturtheoretische Aufarbeitung des weltweit metastasierenden Phänomens der Themenarchitektur ist durch Aggression und Unverständnis charakterisiert. Der Architekturdiskurs disqualifiziert die plakative, zitathafte Künstlichkeit thematischer Simulationsästhetiken als manipulative »Hyperrealität«. Christian Rabl begreift demgegenüber die rezeptiven Kontingenzeindrücke der sekundaristischen, artifiziellen Themenarchitekturen als (unbeabsichtigte) parodistische »Travestien« und als potenziell befreiend, sofern sie essentialistisch sedimentierte Ordnungsvorstellungen delegitimieren. In seiner anti-essentialistischen Neubeschreibung analysiert er dazu u.a. die simulatorischen Stadtästhetiken von Las Vegas, Orlando und Dubai.
Vietnam
Authors: Powell Richard
Published: August 2020

The author served as an Army optometrist in Vietnam for one year in 1969-70.  He discusses his experiences providing optometric care in a combat zone and comments on how those experiences influenced his subsequent career in private practice.
Navy Reserve Humanitarian Missions - Optometry
Authors: Steiner CDR Patricia
Published: August 2020

The author, a Navy Reserve Optometrist for over thirty years, documents some humanitarian missions in which she participated between 2002 and 2018.
Adobe como saber ancestral usado en construcciones autóctonas de Pore y Nunchía Casanare Colombia
Authors: Rivera-Salcedo Hernán , Valderrama-Andrade Omar-Mauricio , Daza-Barrera Ángel-Andrés , Plazas-Jaimes Gerson-Santiago
Published: August 2020

El adobe es un material de construcción fundamentado en el saber ancestral del acervo popular, principalmente usado en los sectores rurales colombianos y latinoamericanos. Su utilización, en la mayoría de los casos, está ligada a la dificultad de acceso a materiales convencionales de construcción, generado por la desconexión y distanciamiento con las zonas urbanas, y a las dificultades económicas de dichos sectores de la población. Sin embargo, algunas poblaciones han optado por mantener la tradición del uso de este tipo de materiales no convencionales, salvaguardando las tradiciones que esto implica. Dada su relevancia popular e implicaciones arquitectónicas, se presenta un estudio sobre el uso del adobe en los municipios de Nunchía y Pore del departamento de Casanare. La metodología aplicada abarca etapas como la observación directa a construcciones en adobe, fichas técnicas especializadas a muestras a partir de ensayos de laboratorio para el estudio de sus propiedades mecánicas, encuestas semi estructuradas y entrevistas a persona con experticia en su elaboración. Se busca con este trabajo valorar y salvaguardar el conocimiento ancestral de las técnicas de procesamiento y las propiedades del adobe, como una manifestación patrimonial bajo amenaza de disipación debido al uso de materiales convencionales.
Desarrollo financiero y crecimiento económico en América del norte.
Authors: Anguiano-Pita Javier Emmanuel , Ruiz-Porras Antonio
Published: August 2020

En este artículo se estudia la relación entre el desarrollo financiero y el crecimiento económico en la región de América del Norte. Para este propósito, se usa el modelo generalizado de factores dinámicos comunes propuesto por Forni et al. (2005) y datos anuales de Estados Unidos, Canadá y México para el periodo 1980-2017. Los hallazgos sugieren que existen factores comunes entre los mercados financieros y las economías de la región, a pesar de sus asimetrías en tamaño, que las tasas de crecimiento económico son sensibles a los componentes comunes y que la relación de causalidad entre el desarrollo financiero y el crecimiento económico depende de los indicadores financieros considerados. Los hallazgos pueden ser útiles para analizar el proceso de integración en América del Norte y para proponer políticas regionales.
Assessment of fiscal effort and voluntary tax compliance in Peru.
Authors: Ramirez-Zamudio Aldo Fabricio , Nolazco Cama José Luis
Published: August 2020

This study examines the fiscal effort and voluntary compliance in the payment of taxes in Peru. It determines that in 2014, the Peruvian economy collected only 52.8% of its total tax potential. Then trough an experiment, it is shown that dissuasive policies only do not explain the whole phenomenon of tax compliance; on the contrary, some psychological factors, named by the literature as “Tax Morale”, should be considered in such a study. Thus, if Peru expects to join the OECD (it being a goal for celebrating the bicentennial of its independence), it must improve tax compliance to standards equal to those of more developed countries and some non-dissuasive and low-cost public policies designed on tax-morale research may help to achieve this goal.
Challenges of financial inclusion policies in Peru.
Authors: Boitano Guillermo , Abanto Aranda Deyvi Franco
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the research is to identify the main determinants of financial inclusion in Peru at the department level (without Lima) from 2010 to 2017, aiming to analyze the challenges faced by financial inclusion policies. A two-stage GMM method was used to estimate a panel data model where the endogenous variable is Sarma’s financial inclusion index (2008). The results indicate that bank concentration is the main variable affecting financial inclusion. At the same time, although the effect of technology is positive, it is diminishing over time due to the inefficient deployment of such technology and, in many cases, a lack of knowledge on how to use it, especially in the remote areas of Peru.
Crecimiento industrial Colombiano restringido por balanza de pagos, 1975-2015.
Authors: Sánchez Pérez Germán , Higuera Cárdenas Luz Aydée , Sáenz-Castro Jorge E.
Published: August 2020

En esta investigación se analiza el papel de las exportaciones e importaciones industriales en el crecimiento del sector, bajo un enfoque de crecimiento restringido por balanza de pagos, en el periodo 1975-2015. Los resultados empíricos, obtenidos a través de la técnica de corrección de errores, muestran que mientras las elasticidades ingreso de la demanda de exportaciones e importaciones industriales generan un déficit comercial, los precios tienden a contrarrestarlo; sin embargo, la balanza comercial industrial es deficitaria durante todo el periodo de análisis. Los resultados también evidencian que el sector externo industrial explica un porcentaje alto del total de las exportaciones e importaciones nacionales, aspecto paradójico y preocupante para el crecimiento agregado del país, si se considera que la participación del sector industrial en el desarrollo de la economía colombiana es cada vez menor. Se concluye que el crecimiento industrial colombiano es explicado por las elasticidades ingreso de la demanda de las exportaciones e importaciones y por los precios (tipo de cambio real), que el crecimiento potencial del sector es mayor al observado y que el efecto del sector industrial sobre el crecimiento del país es muy bajo.
Digitalisierungsprojekte des Staatsarchivs Zürich mit Einsatz von Machine-Learning-Verfahren
Authors: Plüss Rebekka , Sieber Christian
Published: August 2020

Der Beitrag zeigt auf, wie es im Staatsarchiv Zürich zur Anwendung von Machine-Learning-Verfahren kam: von manuell erstellten Transkriptionen der handschriftlich verfassten Zürcher Regierungsratsbeschlüsse und Kantonsratsprotokolle des 19. Jahrhunderts, über die Beteiligung am EU-Projekt READ, in dem eine Plattform zur automatisierten Handschriften-Erkennung mit Hilfe dieser Transkriptionen entwickelt wurde, bis zur Anwendung dieser neuen Technologien bei der Digitalisierung der Zürcher Ratsmanuale 1484–1798.
Aus der Alten Aktienspinnerei wird die neue Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz
Authors: Malz Angela
Published: August 2020

In Chemnitz wird die Alte Aktienspinnerei – ein Industriegebäude aus dem 19. Jahrhundert – zur zentralen Universitätsbibliothek umgebaut. Es entsteht ein besonderes Bibliotheksgebäude, in dem sich historische Elemente und moderne Technik ergänzen. Die Bibliothek will ein inspirierender Ort für alle werden, die an wissenschaftlicher Information interessiert sind, neue Erkenntnisse gewinnen wollen, sich treffen und austauschen möchten – und das rund um die Uhr als 24/7-Bibliothek.
Sanierung und Erweiterung der Staats- und Stadtbibliothek Augsburg. Genese und Planungsstand des Projekts
Authors: Sommer Dorothea , Pfändtner Karl-Georg
Published: August 2020

In dem Artikel wird das in Planung befindliche Bauprojekt der Sanierung und Erweiterung der Staats- und Stadtbibliothek Augsburg behandelt, die zu den zehn regionalen Staatlichen Bibliotheken in Bayern gehört. Mit ihrer Verstaatlichung im Jahr 2012 wurde es möglich, die Planungen zur Sanierung und Erweiterung des repräsentativen Bibliotheksbaus von Fritz Steinhäußer und Martin Dülfer aus dem 19. Jahrhundert in Angriff zu nehmen. Der Artikel gibt einen Rückblick auf die Entstehungsgeschichte des Bestandsgebäudes von 1892/1893 und erläutert sodann die Bauaufgabe für das aktuelle Projekt, das im Ergebnis eines Architekturwettbewerbs nun von dem Gewinner, dem Architekturbüro Max Dudler (Berlin, Frankfurt, Zürich) unter Leitung des Staatlichen Bauamts Augsburg, geplant und entwickelt wird. Erläutert wird der aktuelle Planungsstand der HU Bau mit den Schwerpunkten eines Raumangebots für eine Forschungsbibliothek, Kapazitäten und Raumklima für Magazine sowie dem Ausstellungskonzept. Das Projekt soll die Sichtbarkeit der Bibliothek als Regional- und Forschungsbibliothek für Augsburg und Bayerisch-Schwaben befördern und die angemessene Unterbringung und Präsentation ihrer wertvollen Bestände der frühen Neuzeit ermöglichen.
Capitalization and its Legal Friends
Authors: Wansleben Leon
Published: August 2020

Katharina Pistor’s argument in The Code of Capital about the constitutive role of legal practice for the creation and distribution of wealth requires contextualization; her claims about the stand-alone role of law in determining the political economy of global capitalism are exaggerated. My first intervention concerns the concept of capital. Capital evidently is not just a legal code, but also constitutes a financial accounting entity that emerges from processes of investment, which are embedded in (economic, social, political) structures that are facilitative of unequal distributions of rewards and risks. Legal coding should be considered as part of such ‘capitalization’ and as becoming more critical in the contemporary economy, in which capitalization increasingly happens through financial engineering and through capturing rents from ‘intangible capital’. Secondly, we can only understand the distributional implications of legal coding if we recognize a) the importance of rent-seeking in secularly stagnating economies and b) the particular class configurations in what Milanovic, B. (2019). Capitalism, alone. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press calls ‘liberal meritocratic capitalism’. The consolidation of a capital-rich and hard-working upper class in such a capitalist formation (the extreme case being United States) not just indicates a close alliance or overlap between holders of wealth and the professions (fund managers, legal advisers etc.) that serve them. It also indicates that social class structures – the paths of socialization they reproduce; their in-built social sorting mechanisms; their close association with ideologies of legitimate privilege – play a key role in reproducing economic distributional outcomes.
Regulatory Arbitrage in the Intersection of Accounting Standards and Tax Laws: The Case of Synthetic Leases
Authors: Friedrich Jan
Published: August 2020

This paper focuses on the interplay between accounting standards and tax laws in the context of regulatory arbitrage by examining the development of synthetic leases especially in the USA. In a synthetic lease, the lease remains off balance sheet for financial reporting by the lessee, while depreciations and interest expenses can be deducted for tax purposes. Exploring the evolving structures of synthetic leases over the last 30 years, the paper demonstrates how financial engineers have been able to perpetually re-structure this sophisticated instrument to keep it off-balance sheet instrument notwithstanding regulatory changes. Specifically, it shows that the most recent revision of lease accounting standards in 2016 – that intended to mark the end of off-balance sheet leases under IFRS and US-GAAP – resulted in reviving the demand for synthetic leases as the tax benefits outweigh the structuring costs. Contributing to the debate on the shift towards international accounting convergence (including US-GAAP and IFRS), the paper argues that attempts to limit regulatory arbitrage may also consider the reciprocal linkages between accounting standards and tax laws. For instance, tax laws should be considered as a means to limit regulatory arbitrage in financial reporting.
Big data e inteligencia artificial en el futuro manejo de pacientes. ¿Por dónde empezar? ¿En qué punto nos encontramos? ¿Quo tendimus?
Authors: Mina Ashraf
Published: August 2020

Objetivos

Este artículo aborda los aspectos clave e impacto de aplicar el big data y la inteligencia artificial para optimizar los modelos de detección temprana, el diagnóstico preciso y rápido, el manejo de pacientes, los tratamientos, la medicina de precisión, y la distribución de recursos.

Contenido

Los procesos de big data e inteligencia artificial incluyen el aprendizaje automático, el razonamiento basado en unas reglas para obtener conclusiones aproximadas o definitivas, y la autocorrección. Estos procesos mejorarían la detección de enfermedades, enfermedades raras, toxicidades, e identificarían las causas del infradiagnóstico. El big data combinado con la inteligencia artificial (IA), el aprendizaje automático (AA), la computación, la construcción de modelos predictivos y la combinatoria, se emplean para interrogar computacionalmente datos estructurados y no estructurados para detectar patrones, tendencias, y posibles correlaciones y relaciones entre diversas fuentes de datos.

Los sistemas de diagnóstico asistido y los dispositivos de salud portátiles no solo se emplearán para el manejo de pacientes, sino también para la prevención y detección temprana de enfermedades. El big data también tendrá un impacto para las aseguradoras, fabricantes de dispositivos y compañías farmacéuticas. El big data y la Inteligencia Artificial se han diversificado, tienen multitud de aplicaciones y su uso para el seguimiento y diagnóstico se extenderá.

Perspectivas

El big data, la conectividad, y la IA de los sistemas de diagnóstico asistido, así como los dispositivos de salud portátiles y los smartphones transformarán los métodos tradicionales de manejo de pacientes en la era de la explosión de la información médica.
Entire Solutions of Cauchy Problem for Parabolic Monge–Ampère Equations
Authors: Dai Limei , Bao Jiguang
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we study the Cauchy problem of the parabolic Monge–Ampère equation

-

u
t

⁢

det
⁡

D
2

⁢
u

=

f
⁢

(
x
,
t
)

-u_{t}\det D^{2}u=f(x,t)

and obtain the existence and uniqueness of viscosity solutions with asymptotic behavior by using the Perron method.
Numeric estimation of resource requirements for a practical polarization-frame alignment scheme for quantum key distribution (QKD)
Authors: Higgins Brendon L. , Bourgoin Jean-Philippe , Jennewein Thomas
Published: August 2020

Owing to physical orientations and birefringence effects, practical quantum information protocols utilizing optical polarization need to handle misalignment between preparation and measurement reference frames. For any such capable system, an important question is how many resources – for example, measured single photons – are needed to reliably achieve alignment precision sufficient for the desired quantum protocol. Here, we study the performance of a polarization-frame alignment scheme used in prior laboratory and field quantum key distribution (QKD) experiments by performing Monte Carlo numerical simulations. The scheme utilizes, to the extent possible, the same single-photon-level signals and measurements as for the QKD protocol being supported. Even with detector noise and imperfect sources, our analysis shows that only a small fraction of resources from the overall signal – a few hundred photon detections, in total – are required for good performance, restoring the state to better than 99% of its original quality.
Discursive work in resisting stereotypic representations of the Chinese among Chinese students
Authors: Seng Hui Zanne , Chan Mei Yuit , Yap Ngee Thai
Published: August 2020

The negative effects of stereotyping arising from a victim’s acceptance and internalisation of stereotype identities are well-known. As stereotypes are created and maintained in discourse, understanding how targets of stereotyping employ discursive resources to resist the constraining structures of stereotypic identities imposed upon them can provide insight into the process of stereotyping and contribute to efforts to reduce the threat of stereotyping. We examined the strategies used by targets of stereotyping in contesting stereotypic representations of their social group through the mobilisation of a range of discourse strategies when presented with stereotyping attacks on the group. The findings revealed that stereotypes are subtle in nature and may not be easily recognised and hence, difficult to resist. Participants employed a number of discourse strategies to repair their fragmented self and group identities. However, in their attempt to maintain identity coherence, they ended up using stereotyping discourses themselves to devalue the perceived outgroup as well as subgroups they created within their own social group. The study highlights the complexity of stereotyping and its self-perpetuating character, and sheds light on the difficulty faced by targets of stereotyping discourse in reconciling their identities through intense discursive and identity work.
PICA 4233 – Erste Anwendungen im Südwesten
Authors: Geisler Felix , Fischer Michael , Gaertringen Julia Freifrau Hiller von
Published: August 2020

Die Regionalbibliotheken Deutschlands sind ein wichtiger Akteur bei der Sicherung der textlichen Überlieferung. Sie haben sich daher dazu verpflichtet, Bestandserhaltungsmaßnahmen und Archivierungsgarantien zu übernehmen und in den Verbundsystemen zu dokumentieren. Dies erfolgt, nach den Vorgaben eines neuen Datenmodells, im Feld 4233 des PICA-Internformats bzw. im Feld 583 des MARC-Austauschformats. Die Badische Landesbibliothek berichtet in diesem Aufsatz über erste Anwendungen bei der Massenentsäuerung regionaler Literatur, bei der Kennzeichnung physischer und elektronischer Pflichtexemplare und bei der digitalen Langzeitarchivierung.
Is Environmental Tax Harmonization Desirable in Global Value Chains?
Authors: Cheng Haitao , Kato Hayato , Obashi Ayako
Published: August 2020

The spatial unbundling of parts production and assembly currently characterizes globalization, leading to the worldwide dispersion of pollution. We consider socially optimal (cooperative) environmental taxes in a two-country model of global value chains in which the location of both parts and assembly can differ. When unbundling costs are so high that parts and assembly must colocate in the pre-globalized world, pollution is spatially concentrated, and harmonizing environmental taxes maximizes global welfare. In contrast, with low unbundling costs triggering the dispersion of parts and thus pollution throughout the world as today, harmonization fails to maximize global welfare. Similar results hold when the two countries non-cooperatively choose their environmental taxes.
Financial Integration, Savings Gluts, and Asset Price Booms
Authors: Feng Felix Zhiyu , Lu Will Jianyu , Zhu Caroline H.
Published: August 2020

Capital outflows after financial integration can lead to simultaneous increases in the national savings rate and asset prices of an economy with substantial financing costs. Under autarky, firms invest in risky capital while facing a borrowing constraint that creates a need for precautionary savings. Financial integration provides firms with access to foreign risk-free assets and results in two effects: a substitution effect, whereby firms divert some investments to foreign assets and cause capital outflows; and a wealth effect, whereby they grow richer in equilibrium and thus demand more domestic capital. Savings gluts and asset price booms occur when the wealth effect dominates.
Envy Manipulation at Work
Authors: Caserta Maurizio , Ferrante Livio , Reito Francesco
Published: August 2020

We present a simple principal-agent model with an employer and two types of employees/workers, low and high skilled. Low-skilled workers are envious of their high-skilled peers, and incur a disutility cost whenever the latter receive a positive surplus from their labor contract. We show that: i) if the envy cost is relatively low (high), high-skilled workers obtain a payoff higher (lower) than that they receive when they are not envied; ii) if the envy cost can be manipulated (increased or reduced), high-skilled workers can take actions of envy-provocation or envy-reduction to further increase their payoff.
Absence of Envy among “Neighbors” Can Be Enough
Authors: Donnini Chiara , Pesce Marialaura
Published: August 2020

We assume that the set of agents is decomposed into several classes containing individuals related each other in some way, for example groups of neighbors. We propose a new definition of fairness by requiring efficiency and envy-freeness only within each group. We identify conditions under which absence of envy among “neighbors” is enough to ensure fairness in the entire society. We also show that equal-income Walrasian equilibria are the only fair allocations according to our notion, deriving as corollaries the equivalence theorems of Zhou (1992) and Cato (2010). The analysis is conducted in atomless economies as well as in mixed markets.
Application of extrusion-cooking technology in hatchery waste management
Authors: Sobota Aldona , Zarzycki Piotr , Wirkijowska Anna , Rzedzicki Zbigniew , Pawlas Agnieszka
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the present study was to examine the extrusion-cooking process of cereal blends with addition of hatchery waste (HW). The effect of HW addition on the physical properties and chemical composition of the extrudates was examined. The share of the HW in blends with corn meal was variable in the range of 5–30%. The study was conducted using a counter-rotating twin-screw extruder (L:D ratio 12:1, screw speed 75 rpm, die diameters 3 mm × 6 mm, profile of barrel temperature 120/140/180/180/130°C, and material moisture 28%). Increase in the content of the HW from 5 to 30% reduced the expansion ratio, pellet durability index, water absorption index, and water solubility index of the extrudates. The microstructure of the extrudates with HW addition is non-homogeneous; the areas with densely packed and adherent granules, interwoven with fibrous structures, can be observed. Increase in the share of HW leads to a lowering of the levels of crude fiber and total dietary fiber in the extrudates. Moreover, a significant increase in the content of protein, crude fat, and mineral elements such as calcium, sodium, magnesium, and iron was observed.
Impact of mandibular prognathism on morphology and loadings in temporomandibular joints
Authors: Shu Jingheng , Wang Quanyi , Chong Desmond Y.R. , Liu Zhan
Published: August 2020

Loadings in temporomandibular joints (TMJs) are essential factors in dysfunction of TMJs, and are barely noticed in treatment of maxillofacial deformity. The only approach, which can access stresses in TMJs, could expend day’s even weeks to complete. The objective of the study was to compare the differences of the morphological and biomechanical characteristics of TMJs between asymptomatic subjects and patients with mandibular prognathism, and to preliminarily analyze the connection between the two kinds of characteristics. Morphological measurements and finite element analysis (FEA) corresponding to the central occlusion were carried out on the models of 13 mandibular prognathism patients and 10 asymptomatic subjects. The results indicated that the joint spaces of the patients were significantly lower than those of the asymptomatic subjects, while the stresses of patients were significantly greater than those of asymptomatic subjects, especially the stresses on discs. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that weak or no correlations were found between the von Mises stresses and the joint spaces of asymptomatic subjects, while moderate, even high correlations were found in the patients. Thus, it was shown to be a feasible way to use morphological parameters to predict the internal loads of TMJs.
An evaluation of ten external quality assurance scheme (EQAS) materials for the faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for haemoglobin
Authors: O’Driscoll Shane , Piggott Carolyn , Bruce Helen , Benton Sally C.
Published: August 2020

Objectives

External quality assessment schemes (EQAS) are being established worldwide to support the faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for haemoglobin (Hb). FIT is widely used as a screening test for colorectal cancer and increasingly in assessment of patients presenting with symptoms. EQA for FIT is provided in several matrices, each unique to the individual scheme. These include Hb suspended in a faecal-like matrix, lyophilised samples and liquid samples. The aim of this study was to evaluate commercially available EQAS and assess their suitability for use.

Methods

Ten EQAS provided material for the study. EQA samples were analysed on four quantitative FIT systems. 15 faecal-like matrix samples were loaded per concentration per FIT system. Reconstituted lyophilised samples were examined five times on three separate occasions and liquid samples were examined 10 times per concentration per FIT system. The coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated per concentration of EQA for each FIT system.

Results

Results from faecal-like matrix schemes had a higher median CV (12.4–19.0%) when compared to those from schemes providing liquid matrices (0.8–2.3%). The spread of CV values was also higher for results from faecal-like matrix schemes with an interquartile range (IQR) 4.4–24.0% vs. liquid IQR range of 0.3–2.5%.

Conclusions

Hb results from faecal-like matrices, whilst more aligned to a patient or participant sample, are prone to pre-examination variation so do not assess the analytical accuracy of a FIT system. Liquid matrices are not prone to pre-examination variation and are better able to assess the accuracy of a FIT system.
A new strategy implementing mass spectrometry in the diagnosis of congenital disorders of N-glycosylation (CDG)
Authors: Casetta Bruno , Malvagia Sabrina , Funghini Silvia , Martinelli Diego , Dionisi-Vici Carlo , Barone Rita , Fiumara Agata , Donati Maria Alice , Guerrini Renzo , la Marca Giancarlo
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Congenital disorders of N-glycosylation (CDG) are a large group of rare metabolic disorders caused by defects in the most common post-translational modification of proteins. CDGs are often difficult to diagnose as they are manifested with non-specific symptoms and signs. Analysis of serum transferrin (TRF) isoforms, as the classical procedure used to identify a CDG patient, enables to predict pathological steps in the N-linked glycosylation process.

Methods

We devised a new strategy based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for the analysis of TRF isoforms by combining a simple and fast sample preparation with a specific chromatographic cleanup/separation step followed by mass-spectrometric measurement. Single TRF isoform masses were obtained through reconstruction of multiply charged electrospray data collected by quadrupole-MS technology. Hereby, we report the first analyzed serum samples obtained from 20 CDG patients and 100 controls.

Results

The ratio of desialylated isoforms to total TRF was calculated for patients and controls. CDG-Type I patients showed higher amounts of bi-sialo isoform (range: 6.7–29.6%) compared to controls (<5.5%, mean percentage 3.9%). CDG-Type II pattern showed an increased peak of tri-sialo isoforms. The mean percentage of tri-sialo-TRF was 9.3% (range: 2.9–12.9%) in controls, which was lower than that obtained from two patients with COG5-CDG and MAN1B1-CDG (18.5 and 24.5%). Intraday and between-day imprecisions were less than 9 and 16%, respectively, for bi-sialo- and less than 3 and 6% for tri-sialo-TRF.

Conclusions

This LC-MS-based approach provides a simple, sensitive and fast analytical tool for characterizing CDG disorders in a routine clinical biochemistry while improving diagnostic accuracy and speeding clinical decision-making.
Evaluation of three fully-automated SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays
Authors: Hörber Sebastian , Soldo Jelena , Relker Lasse , Jürgens Stefan , Guther Julia , Peter Silke , Lehmann Rainer , Peter Andreas
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Serological assays for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are increasingly used during the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-Coronavirus-2. Here we evaluated the analytical and clinical performance of three commercially available SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays.

Methods

A total of 186 samples from 58 patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection were measured using SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays by Siemens Healthineers, Roche Diagnostics and Euroimmun. Additionally, 123 control samples, including samples collected before December 2019 and samples with potential cross-reactive antibodies were analyzed. Diagnostic specificity, sensitivity, agreement between assays and ROC curve-derived optimized thresholds were determined. Furthermore, intra- and inter-assay precision and the potential impact of interfering substances were investigated.

Results

SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays by Siemens and Roche showed 100% specificity. The Euroimmun assay had 98 and 100% specificity, when borderline results are considered as positive or negative, respectively. Diagnostic sensitivity for samples collected ≥14 days after PCR-positivity was 97.0, 89.4 and 95.5% using the Siemens, Roche and Euroimmun assay, respectively. Sensitivity of the Roche assay can be increased using an optimized cut-off index (0.095). However, a simultaneous decrease in specificity (98.4%) was observed. Siemens showed 95.8 and 95.5% overall agreement with results of Euroimmun and Roche assay, respectively. Euroimmun and Roche assay exhibited 92.6% overall agreement. Discordant results were observed in three COVID-19 patients and in one COVID-19 patient none of the investigated assays detected antibodies.

Conclusions

The investigated assays were highly specific and sensitive in detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in samples obtained ≥14 days after PCR-confirmed infection. Discordant results need to be investigated in further studies.
Composition and diurnal variation of floral scent emission in Rosa rugosa Thunb. and Tulipa gesneriana L.
Authors: Yang Lu , Liao Xiang , Cheng Ping , Zhang Zhi-Gang , Li Hong
Published: August 2020

This study was aimed to explore the composition and diurnal variation analyses of floral scent emission from Rosa rugosa Thunb. and Tulipa gesneriana L. The floral scent from the fresh flower were collected at different time points (9:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, and 21:00) using dynamic headspace collection and were analyzed using autothermal desorber-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (ATD-GC/MS). The results showed that a total of 62 volatile flavor compounds were detected from Rosa rugosa Thunb and a total of 70 volatile flavor compounds were detected from Tulipa gesneriana L. They were identified with eight functional categories: alcohols, fatty hydrocarbons, terpenes, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and other substances. The total release amount first decreased, and then increased with time, and arrived at the lowest at 15:00. The release amounts of different categories present distinct change patterns. Among the components, phenylethyl alcohol, citronellol, methylene chloride, hexane, and acetone showed relatively higher release amounts and were thought as the main components in floral scent of Rosa rugosa Thunb. Alpha-Farnesene, ethanol, pentadecane, beta-ocimene, longifolene, caryophyllene, and acetone showed relatively higher release amounts and were thought as the main components in floral scent of Tulipa gesneriana L. Research of roses and tulips in aromatic in the garden provides a theoretical basis and research and improvement of the aroma components of aroma.
A Finite Element Method for Elliptic Dirichlet Boundary Control Problems
Authors: Karkulik Michael
Published: August 2020

We consider the finite element discretization of an optimal Dirichlet boundary control problem for the Laplacian, where the control is considered in

H

1
/
2

⁢

(
Γ
)

{H^{1/2}(\Gamma)}

.
To avoid computing the latter norm numerically, we realize it using the

H
1

⁢

(
Ω
)

{H^{1}(\Omega)}

norm of the harmonic extension of the control.
We propose a mixed finite element discretization, where the harmonicity of the solution is included by a Lagrangian multiplier.
In the case of convex polygonal domains, optimal error estimates in the

H
1

{H^{1}}

and

L
2

{L_{2}}

norm are proven.
We also consider and analyze the case of control constrained problems.
A First-Order Explicit-Implicit Splitting Method for a Convection-Diffusion Problem
Authors: Pani Amiya K. , Thomée Vidar , Vasudeva Murthy A. S.
Published: August 2020

We analyze a second-order in space, first-order in time accurate finite difference method for a spatially periodic convection-diffusion problem.
This method is a time stepping method based on the first-order Lie splitting of the spatially semidiscrete solution.
In each time step, on an interval of length k, of this solution, the method uses the backward Euler method for the diffusion part, and then applies a stabilized explicit forward Euler approximation on

m
≥
1

{m\geq 1}

intervals of length

k
m

{\frac{k}{m}}

for the convection part.
With h the mesh width in space, this results in an error bound of the form

C
0

⁢

h
2

+

C
m

⁢
k

{C_{0}h^{2}+C_{m}k}

for appropriately smooth solutions, where

C
m

≤

C
′

+

C
′′

m

{C_{m}\leq C^{\prime}+\frac{C^{\prime\prime}}{m}}

.
This work complements the earlier study [V. Thomée and A. S. Vasudeva Murthy, An explicit-implicit splitting method for a convection-diffusion problem, Comput. Methods Appl. Math. 19 2019, 2, 283–293] based on the second-order Strang splitting.
A binary encoding of spinors and applications
Authors: Arizmendi Gerardo , Herrera Rafael
Published: August 2020

We present a binary code for spinors and Clifford multiplication using non-negative integers and their binary expressions, which can be easily implemented in computer programs for explicit calculations. As applications, we present explicit descriptions of the triality automorphism of Spin(8), explicit representations of the Lie algebras 𝔰𝔭𝔦𝔶 (8), 𝔰𝔭𝔦𝔶 (7) and 𝔤2, etc.
Distributed Denial-of-Service Prediction on IoT Framework by Learning Techniques
Authors: Dwivedi Shubhra , Vardhan Manu , Tripathi Sarsij
Published: August 2020

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks on the Internet of Things (IoT) pose a serious threat to several web-based networks. The intruder’s ability to deal with the power of various cooperating devices to instigate an attack makes its administration even more multifaceted. This complexity can be further increased while lots of intruders attempt to overload an attack against a device. To counter and defend against modern DDoS attacks, several effective and powerful techniques have been used in the literature, such as data mining and artificial intelligence for the intrusion detection system (IDS), but they have some limitations. To overcome the existing limitations, in this study, we propose an intrusion detection mechanism that is an integration of a filter-based selection technique and a machine learning algorithm, called information gain-based intrusion detection system (IGIDS). In addition, IGIDS selects the most relevant features from the original IDS datasets that can help to distinguish typical low-speed DDoS attacks and, then, the selected features are passed on to the classifiers, i.e. support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (C4.5), naïve Bayes (NB) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) to detect attacks. The publicly available datasets as KDD Cup 99, CAIDA DDOS Attack 2007, CONFICKER worm, and UNINA traffic traces, are used for our experimental study. From the results of the simulation, it is clear that IGIDS with C4.5 acquires high detection and accuracy with a low false-positive rate.
The use of artificial neural networks for modelling pitting corrosion behaviour of EN 1.4404 stainless steel in marine environment: data analysis and new developments
Authors: Jiménez-Come María Jesús , Martín María de la Luz , Matres Victoria , Mena Baladés Jesus Daniel
Published: August 2020

Stainless steel has proved to be an important material to be used in a wide range of applications. For this reason, ensuring the durability of this alloy is essential. In this work, pitting corrosion behaviour of EN 1.4404 stainless steel is evaluated in marine environment in order to develop a model capable of predicting its pitting corrosion status by an automatic way. Although electrochemical techniques and microscopic analysis have been shown to be very useful tools for corrosion studies, these techniques may present some limitationus. With the aim to solve these drawbacks, a three-step model based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is proposed. The results reveal that the model can be used to predict pitting corrosion status of this alloy with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity with no need to resort to electrochemical tests or microscopic analysis. Therefore, the proposed model becomes a useful tool to predict the behaviour of the material against pitting corrosion in saline environment automatically.
Multi-objective approach for a combined heat and power geothermal plant optimization
Authors: Marty Fabien , Sochard Sabine , Serra Sylvain , Reneaume Jean-Michel
Published: August 2020

This paper presents the simultaneous optimization of the design and operation in nominal conditions of a geothermal plant where the geothermal fluid is split into two streams to feed an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and a District Heating Network (DHN). The topology of the DHN is also investigated. A Mixed Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP) optimization problem is formulated and solved using the GAMS software in order to determine the ORC sizing and the DHN topology. In this study, only R-245fa is used as ORC working fluid, an optional Internal Heat Exchanger (IHE) is considered in the ORC and consumers in DHN can be definite or optional. A multi-objective optimization is performed by maximizing the annual net profit and minimizing the total exergy losses in the plant. The weighted sum of objective functions is used to solve the problem. By varying the weight factor, a Pareto front is obtained and the distance to the ideal, but infeasible, solution enabled to choose the best compromise. Four different DHN topologies are observed depending on the weight factor. Using a suitable criterion to make a decision, the selected configuration corresponds to the most expanded DHN with the smallest value of profit. A sensitive analysis shows that, in case of lower geothermal temperature, it is possible to obtain a unique DHN topology whatever the weight factor.
Solvable base change
Authors: Clozel Laurent , Rajan Conjeeveram S.
Published: August 2020

We determine the image and the fibers for solvable base change.
Geometric and spectral estimates based on spectral Ricci curvature assumptions
Authors: Carron Gilles , Rose Christian
Published: August 2020

We obtain a Bonnet–Myers theorem under a spectral condition: a closed Riemannian

(

M
n

,
g
)

{(M^{n},g)}

manifold for which the lowest eigenvalue of the Ricci tensor ρ is such that the Schrödinger operator

Δ
+

(

n
-
2

)

⁢
ρ

{\Delta+(n-2)\rho}

is positive has finite fundamental group. Further, as a continuation of our earlier results, we obtain isoperimetric inequalities from Kato-type conditions on the Ricci curvature. We also obtain the Kato condition for the Ricci curvature under purely geometric assumptions.
On classes of functions of many-valued logic with minimal logarithmic growth rate
Authors: Komkov Stepan A.
Published: August 2020

We obtain a criterion for the minimal logarithmic growth rate for an arbitrary set with a given set of operations defined on it, i.e., we describe all finite sets A with operations on them such that the growth rate differs by at most a constant from the logarithmic growth rate to base ∣A∣.
Exploring the potential of pyrazoline containing molecules as Aβ aggregation inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Khambete Mihir Pramod , Khare Lalit Pramod , Kapadia Akshay Bhupendra , Degani Mariam Sohel
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease in which one of the most prominent pathological features is accumulation of amyloid (Aβ) plaques. This occurs due to the process of aggregation from monomeric to polymeric forms of Aβ peptide and thus represents one of the attractive targets to treat AD.

Methods

After initial evaluation of a set of molecules containing N-acetylpyrazoline moiety flanked by aromatic rings on both sides as Aβ aggregation inhibitors, the most potent molecules were further investigated for mechanistic insights. These were carried out by employing techniques such as circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in vitro PAMPA-BBB (Blood–Brain Barrier) assay and cytotoxicity evaluation.

Results

Two molecules among the exploratory set displayed Aβ aggregation inhibition comparable to standard curcumin. Among the follow-up molecules, several molecules displayed more inhibition than curcumin. These molecules displayed good inhibitory activity even at lower concentrations. CD and TEM confirmed the mechanism of Aβ aggregation. These molecules were found to alleviate Aβ induced cytotoxicity. BBB penetration studies highlighted the potential of these molecules to reach central nervous system (CNS).

Conclusions

Thus, several promising Aβ-aggregation inhibitors were obtained as a result of this study.
Smoothing theorems for Radon transforms over hypersurfaces and related operators
Authors: Greenblatt Michael
Published: August 2020

We extend the theorems of [M. Greenblatt,

L
p

L^{p}

Sobolev regularity of averaging operators over hypersurfaces and the Newton polyhedron,
J. Funct. Anal. 276 2019, 5, 1510–1527] on

L
p

{L^{p}}

to

L
s
p

{L^{p}_{s}}

Sobolev improvement for translation invariant Radon and fractional singular Radon
transforms over hypersurfaces, proving

L
p

{L^{p}}

to

L
s
q

{L^{q}_{s}}

boundedness results for such operators. Here

q
≥
p

{q\geq p}

but s can
be positive, negative, or zero. For many such operators we will have a triangle

Z
⊂

(
0
,
1
)

×

(
0
,
1
)

×
ℝ

{Z\subset(0,1)\times(0,1)\times{\mathbb{R}}}

such that one has

L
p

{L^{p}}

to

L
s
q

{L^{q}_{s}}

boundedness for

(

1
p

,

1
q

,
s
)

{({1\over p},{1\over q},s)}

beneath Z, and in the case of Radon transforms one does not have

L
p

{L^{p}}

to

L
s
q

{L^{q}_{s}}

boundedness for

(

1
p

,

1
q

,
s
)

{({1\over p},{1\over q},s)}

above the plane containing Z, thereby providing a Sobolev space improvement result which is sharp up to endpoints for

(

1
p

,

1
q

)

{({1\over p},{1\over q})}

below Z. This triangle Z intersects the plane

{

(

x
1

,

x
2

,

x
3

)

:

x
3

=
0

}

{\{(x_{1},x_{2},x_{3}):x_{3}=0\}}

, and
therefore we also have an

L
p

{L^{p}}

to

L
q

{L^{q}}

improvement result that is also sharp up to endpoints for certain ranges of p and q.
The Panel on Household Finances (PHF) – Microdata on household wealth in Germany
Authors: Altmann Kristina , Bernard René , Le Blanc Julia , Gabor-Toth Enikö , Hebbat Malik , Kothmayr Lisa , Schmidt Tobias , Tzamourani Panagiota , Werner Daniel , Zhu Junyi
Published: August 2020

The Panel on Household Finances (PHF) has established itself as one of the leading sources of microdata on households’ wealth in Germany since its inception in 2010. Over the last ten years, more than 7,583 households have participated in the surveys in 2010–11, 2014 and 2017, many of them taking part more than once (3,734 households). This paper provides an overview of the contents, main methodological aspects and use of the PHF data. It also highlights differences to other surveys and addresses how the survey may develop in the future.
Asymptotic behavior of solutions of half-linear differential equations and generalized Karamata functions
Authors: Takaŝi Kusano , Manojlović Jelena V.
Published: August 2020

We study the asymptotic behavior of eventually positive solutions
of the second-order half-linear differential equation

(

p
⁢

(
t
)

⁢

|

x
′

|

α

⁢

sgn
⁡

x
′

)

′

+

q
⁢

(
t
)

⁢

|
x
|

α

⁢

sgn
⁡
x

=
0

,

(p(t)\lvert x^{\prime}\rvert^{\alpha}\operatorname{sgn}x^{\prime})^{\prime}+q(%
t)\lvert x\rvert^{\alpha}\operatorname{sgn}x=0,

where q is a continuous function which may take both positive and negative values in any neighborhood of infinity and
p is a positive continuous function satisfying one of the conditions

∫
a
∞

d
⁢
s

p
⁢

(
s
)

1
/
α

=

∞
 
or

 

∫
a
∞

d
⁢
s

p
⁢

(
s
)

1
/
α

<
∞

.

\int_{a}^{\infty}\frac{ds}{p(s)^{1/\alpha}}=\infty\quad\text{or}\quad\int_{a}^%
{\infty}\frac{ds}{p(s)^{1/\alpha}}<\infty.

The asymptotic formulas for generalized regularly varying solutions are established using the Karamata theory of regular variation.
Weighted grand mixed-norm Lebesgue spaces and boundedness criteria for integral operators
Authors: Kokilashvili Vakhtang
Published: August 2020

A new scale of weighted grand mixed norm Lebesgue spaces

L

w
1

p
1

,

φ
1

⁢

(

L

w
2

p
2

,

φ
2

)

{L_{w_{1}}^{p_{1},\varphi_{1}}(L_{w_{2}}^{p_{2},\varphi_{2}})}

is introduced and the boundedness criteria for multiple singular operators are established.
Mixed type boundary value problems for Laplace–Beltrami equation on a surface with the Lipschitz boundary
Authors: Duduchava Roland
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the present research is to investigate a general mixed type boundary value problem for the Laplace–Beltrami equation on a surface with the Lipschitz boundary

𝒞

{\mathcal{C}}

in the non-classical setting when solutions are sought in the Bessel potential spaces

ℍ
p
s

⁢

(
𝒞
)

{\mathbb{H}^{s}_{p}(\mathcal{C})}

,

1
p

<
s
<

1
+

1
p

{\frac{1}{p}<s<1+\frac{1}{p}}

,

1
<
p
<
∞

{1<p<\infty}

.
Fredholm criteria and unique solvability criteria are found.
By the localization, the problem is reduced to the investigation of model Dirichlet, Neumann and mixed boundary value problems for the Laplace equation in a planar angular domain

Ω
α

⊂

ℝ
2

{\Omega_{\alpha}\subset\mathbb{R}^{2}}

of magnitude α.
The model mixed BVP is investigated in the earlier paper [R. Duduchava and M. Tsaava, Mixed boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation in a model 2D angular domain, Georgian Math. J. 27 2020, 2, 211–231], and the model Dirichlet and Neumann boundary value problems are studied in the non-classical setting.
The problems are investigated by the potential method and reduction to locally equivalent

2
×
2

{2\times 2}

systems of Mellin convolution equations with meromorphic kernels on the semi-infinite axes

ℝ
+

{\mathbb{R}^{+}}

in the Bessel potential spaces.
Such equations were recently studied by R. Duduchava [Mellin convolution operators in Bessel potential spaces with admissible meromorphic kernels, Mem. Differ. Equ. Math. Phys. 60 2013, 135–177] and V. Didenko and R. Duduchava [Mellin convolution operators in Bessel potential spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 443 2016, 2, 707–731].