bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Index to Distinguish Surface- and Subsurface-Intensified Vortices from Surface Observations
Authors: Assassi C. , Morel Y. , Vandermeirsch F. , Chaigneau A. , Pegliasco C. , Morrow R. , Colas F. , Fleury S. , Carton X. , Klein P. , Cambra R.
Published: June 2016

In this study, the authors first show that it is difficult to reconstruct the vertical structure of vortices using only surface observations. In particular, they show that the recent surface quasigeostrophy (SQG) and interior and surface quasigeostrophy (ISQG) methods systematically lead to surface-intensified vortices, and those subsurface-intensified vortices are thus not correctly modeled. The authors then investigate the possibility of distinguishing between surface- and subsurface-intensified eddies from surface data only, using the sea surface height and the sea surface temperature available from satellite observations. A simple index, based on the ratio of the sea surface temperature anomaly and the sea level anomaly, is proposed. While the index is expected to give perfect results for isolated vortices, the authors show that in a complex environment, errors can be expected, in particular when strong currents exist in the vicinity of the vortex. The validity of the index is then analyzed using results from a realistic regional circulation model of the Peru–Chile upwelling system, where both surface and subsurface eddies coexist. The authors find that errors are mostly associated with double-core eddies (aligned surface and subsurface cores) and that the index can be useful to determine the nature of mesoscale eddies (surface or subsurface intensified) from surface (satellite) observations. However, the errors reach 24%, and some possible improvements of the index calculations are discussed.
Transfer of Spatial Information from a Virtual to a Real Environment
Authors: Wilson Paul N. , Foreman Nigel , Tlauka Michael
Published: June 2016

Participants explored either a real multistory building or a to-scale computer simulation of the same building. Following exploration, we assessed their knowledge of the spatial properties of the environment. Participants in a control group were asked to complete the same assessment tasks without the opportunity to explore either the real building or the computer simulation. Spatial knowledge was assessed using four measures: pointing to objects not directly visible from the test site, Euclidean distance estimates, route distance estimates, and drawings of the building. Transfer of learning from the simulation to the real environment was evident. Pointing to objects not visible from the test site proved to be the most sensitive measure; map-drawing accuracy was very similar to pointing accuracy. However, some other measures did not distinguish the estimates of control participants from the group that explored the real building.
Governing Work and Employment Relations in an Internationalized Economy
Authors: Marginson Paul
Published: June 2016

Growing internationalization of economic activity has corroded the capacity of national institutions to regulate work and employment. In this changing context, established international institutions have generally not proved adequate to the resulting challenge. New initiatives have emerged to address the growing regulatory gap at the international level, variously aimed at cross-border flows of capital, labor, goods, and services. Most of these initiatives entail the addition of new institutional arrangements and regulation at the international level alongside, and not in place of, national frameworks. The resulting multilevel arrangements raise particular governance challenges. The solutions conventionally proposed neglect the role of power relations in shaping arrangements and hence their contested nature. This research and policy article examines the academic research on internationalization and work and employment regulation at the national level, the response of established international institutions, and the rise of new regulatory initiatives at the international level. It applies and modifies Streeck and Thelen’s framework for analyzing different types of gradual change and elaborates ways forward for new, multilevel arrangements that take account of power relations.
Recognizing citizens in municipal management: an exploratory study based on a content analysis of municipal websites in the province of Quebec
Authors: Divay Gérard , Micheau Maud
Published: June 2016

This article explores the usefulness of a recognition framework for the study of the relationship between municipal administrations and citizens. Within the organizational science literature, employee recognition has been shown to enhance their commitment to their organization. In a context where public authorities consistently seek to improve levels of civic engagement, could this conclusion be applied to the relationship between municipalities and their constituents? Following a review of the literature, we present the results of a content analysis of the websites of Quebec municipalities whose populations are greater than 20,000. Three modes of recognition are identified: personalized attention, value confirmation, and gratitude. Recognition practices are also found to vary between municipalities. Our study opens new pragmatic and theoretical horizons in the area of municipal management.

Points for practitioners

Managers know that showing recognition toward their employees is not only a sign of respect, but a means to mobilize employee commitment to their organization. This article explores the value of this finding for the field of municipal management and, specifically, to the study of the relationship between municipal managers and citizens. Should serving citizens not ultimately mean recognizing their individual identities, civic capacities, and contribution to their community’s vitality?
“A river without water”: Hydropolitics and the River Jordan in Palestinian literature
Authors: Boast Hannah
Published: June 2016

In this article I examine the representation of the River Jordan and ecological crisis in recent works by two of Palestine’s best-known writers: the poem “A River Dies of Thirst” by Mahmoud Darwish, and Mourid Barghouti’s memoir I Saw Ramallah. Ecocritics have paid scant attention to these writers’ works, or to Palestinian literature in general; but the environment is a major domain of conflict between Israelis and Palestinians, and ownership of the River Jordan is a key source of tension, often discussed within the framework of “water wars”. The River Jordan is currently in a highly degraded state due to pollution and the diversion of most of its waters by Israel. I examine the ways in which Darwish and Barghouti portray the Jordan’s ecological decline as the outcome of Palestinian dispossession and Israeli occupation, suggesting that the texts form a literary counterpart to claims by Palestinian activists and solidarity groups of what Al Butmah and colleagues termed an “environmental Nakba”. In particular, I build on Tricia Cusack’s work on “riverscapes” and nationalism in order to draw out the different strategies used by both Darwish and Barghouti to express the impact of the loss of the River Jordan on Palestinian communities. While Darwish emphasizes the affective and communal consequences of Israel’s exhaustion of the river, in a poem which can be read as an environmental analogue to Palestinian “memorial books”, Barghouti stresses the links between hydropolitics and uneven development in the present day. I conclude with a caution about Darwish and Barghouti’s shared reliance on an anthropocentric discourse of theft and ownership, which, I argue, ultimately facilitates unsustainable water use.
Contested space: Control and resistance in Rema Hammami’s East Jerusalem
Authors: Brown Sophia
Published: June 2016

Sheikh Jarrah, a Palestinian neighbourhood of East Jerusalem, is considered by Israel as part of their state, and by Palestinians as under occupation. This contested locality is where Rema Hammami, a Palestinian anthropologist and writer, has lived for over 20 years, witnessing escalating Israeli control of the territory. Through an examination of Hammami’s autobiographical essay, “Home and Exile in East Jerusalem” (2013), this article explores the effects of Israel’s colonization of land on Hammami and her community as they struggle to protect their environment. It draws on a paradigm expressed by many critics (including Hammami) of Israeli tactics as a complex system of spatial control. It also assesses various assertions that the spatial politics of Palestine/Israel challenge temporality; in particular, the distinction between — and passage from — colonial to postcolonial. Overall, the article reiterates the relevance of spatial thinking for analysing the conflict and its contested localities, and demonstrates that such thinking is a productive way of reflecting on Palestinian life-writing.
Social Justice Identity
Authors: Dollarhide Colette T. , Clevenger Adam , Dogan Sabri , Edwards Kaden
Published: June 2016

This exploratory, phenomenological qualitative study was designed to investigate the phenomenon of social justice identity by understanding respondents’ lived experiences with social justice efforts. Data analysis yielded four themes describing the lived experiences of respondents’ social justice identity. Implications for training, supervision, and research are included.
Properties of camphor oil/poly (methyl methacrylate) composites and their application on cotton fabrics
Authors: Wang Chunxia , Li Min , Zhang Liping , Fu Shaohai , Wang Chaoxia
Published: June 2016

Camphor oil/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites were prepared by the miniemulsion polymerization method, and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermo-gravimetric analysis. The results indicated that based on the weight of camphor oil/PMMA composites, the amount of 18% camphor oils was encapsulated by the PMMA; the dispersion of the prepared composites showed excellent stability to temperature in the range of 20–60℃. Application properties of camphor oil/PMMA composites, such as sustained release, antibacterial and mosquito repellent performance, were further investigated. The results indicated that the PMMA covering can effectively reduce the release rate of camphor oil. The antibacterial rates for E. coli and S. aureus were 67.21% and 41.59%, respectively, and the “landing time” for the first mosquito was about 144.9 min when the cotton fabrics were coated eight times. The coated cotton fabrics can retain the antibacterial and mosquito repellent performance for a long time, even after multiple washings.
Realization of planar frequency selective fabrics and analysis of transmission characteristics
Authors: Guan Fuwang , Xiao Hong , Shi Meiwu , Yu Weidong , Wang Fumei
Published: June 2016

Based on traditional frequency selective surfaces (FSSs), the research ideas of novel frequency selective fabrics (FSFs) are proposed. In this paper, the specific square-loop patch FSF was chosen as an example to illustrate the design procedures, including ANSYS (HFSS) simulation and numerical calculation methods, and then a computer-based experiment was conducted to develop prototypes. Although the simulation, calculation, and experiment results have minor differences, especially the resonance frequency, they show good consistency overall, which demonstrates that traditional design methods could also apply to 2D FSFs. The experiment transmission curve shows obvious band-stop response, peaking at -37.12 dB at the resonance frequency 11.65 GHz, and the narrow bandwidth of -10 dB is predicted from 10.85 GHz to 12.55 GHz. To further verify the validity of design procedures, two complementary cross-shaped FSFs were fabricated through a computer embroidery process, and the experimental transmission curves are complementary as expected, peaking at -26.05 dB and 0 dB at the same resonance frequency 9.65 GHz, and the narrow bandwidths of -10 dB and -0.5 dB are 1.07 GHz and 0.41 GHz, respectively. Although many problems need to be solved in further research, this convenient fabrication method and theoretical basis could make relevant work feasible in later study.
Flammability and thermal properties of cotton fabrics modified with a novel flame retardant containing triazine and phosphorus components
Authors: Dong Chaohong , Lu Zhou , Wang Peng , Zhu Ping , Li Xuechao , Sui Shuying , Zhang Lin , Liu Jie
Published: June 2016

A novel formaldehyde-free flame retardant containing phosphorus and dichlorotriazine components (CTAP) for cotton fabrics was synthesized. As an active group, the dichlorotriazine could react with cotton fabric via covalent reaction. The addition of 20.7 wt% CTAP into the cotton fabric obtained a high limiting oxygen index value of 31.5%, which was 13.5% higher than the pure cotton fabric. The results of heat release rate, total heat release and effective heat combustion indicated that CTAP effectively imparted flame retardancy to cotton fabric by the cone calorimetry test. With respect to the untreated cotton fabrics, the treated cotton fabrics degraded at lower decomposition temperature and form a consistent and compact char layer, which could be observed by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Compared to the untreated cotton fabrics, CTAP performed an effective role in flame retardancy for treated cotton fabrics. Meanwhile, it stimulated the formation of char and promoted the thermal stability of treated cotton fabrics during combustion.
Educational Experiences That Matter to Seniors Graduating From an Urban Early College High School
Authors: Schaefer Mary Beth , Rivera Lourdes M.
Published: June 2016

Preparing underrepresented students in urban settings for college and career is the focus of this study: Nine students graduating from a diverse, urban early college high school describe their experiences. Using narrative inquiry methods, conversations from nine students are examined to uncover crucial points of convergence: all nine engaged in self-awareness, developed relationships with people, looked toward the future, embraced school as a place of learning, and experienced school as “family.” Powerful experiences unique to each student are also highlighted. From students themselves, researchers and educators can learn what it takes to graduate high school ready for college and career.
The response of Latino immigrants to the Great Recession: Occupational and residential (im)mobility
Authors: Calnan Ray , Painter Gary
Published: June 2016

During the Great Recession in the US, there were distinct housing and labour markets that were particularly hard hit. This was primarily due to the fact that the housing industry had fueled much of the recent economic growth. This article takes advantage of the shock to the construction industry to investigate the responses of Latino immigrants in metropolitan areas that were most heavily concentrated with Latino immigrants in the construction industry. As expected, there were large declines in the proportion of the Latino immigrant population that was working in the construction industry during the recession. There were some shifts of employment in the industry after the recession, but the biggest change was in the number of unemployed. While declines in construction jobs did predict moving out of a metropolitan area, decline in the overall job market had a larger impact on mobility. Finally, we find evidence that those who moved out of the metropolitan area were less likely to be employed, although it is not possible to determine whether they would have been employed in their previous location.
Research Culture in Indian Universities
Authors: Patel Pravin J.
Published: June 2016

This article, examining the interface of research university and knowledge society, argues that India will have to build a strong research base in its universities since a modern research-oriented university is the mother of knowledge society—a society in which knowledge industry plays a vital role in enhancing its power and wealth. Universities play an important role in sustaining the knowledge society as well, since the universities, through their research activities, train students who are capable of original thinking and can become the next generation’s elites, that is, scientists, engineers, teachers, industrial entrepreneurs and political leaders, enabling society to adapt to rapid changes. Furthermore, taking the USA as a paradigm of knowledge society, it asserts that the country has become rich and powerful by promoting scientific research in its universities. Concurrently, while appraising India’s progress towards knowledge society, the article concludes that if India aspires to be a world power in the 21st century, it will have to become a knowledge society by promoting research not only by guaranteeing substantial financial support, but also by regenerating a research culture and ceaselessly transmitting it among the coming generations of students.
Race, Gender, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in the U.S. Military
Authors: Mustillo Sarah A. , Kysar-Moon Ashleigh
Published: June 2016

U.S. service women were exposed to more combat-related trauma in recent wars compared to prior conflicts and consequently faced an increased risk of trauma-related mental health outcomes. In this study, we examined gender by race differences in self-reported post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and clinician diagnoses in a large sample of U.S. Black and White service men and women returning from Iraq and Afghanistan, to determine whether women overall and Black women in particular are at an increased risk of PTSD compared to Black and White men. Using three PTSD measures—two symptom-based measures assessed at different times and one diagnosis measure—we found more traumatic combat exposures were associated with higher PTSD risk for service women compared to service men, but there was no additional increase in risk of PTSD for Black females.
Mediating pathways in the socio-economic gradient of child development
Authors: Rubio-Codina Marta , Attanasio Orazio , Grantham-McGregor Sally
Published: June 2016

Research has previously shown a gap of near 0.5 of a standard deviation (SD) in cognition and language development between the top and bottom household wealth quartile in children aged 6–42 months in a large representative sample of low- and middle-income families in Bogota, using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. The gaps in fine motor and socio-emotional development were about half that size. Developmental deficits increased with age. The current study explored the associations amongst child development, household socio-economic status (SES), and a set of potential mediating variables—parental characteristics, child biomedical factors, and the quality of the home environment—in this sample. We ran mediation tests to quantify the contribution of these variables to the SES gap, and explored the role of age as a moderator. Parental education, particularly maternal education, and the quality of the home environment mediated the SES gap in all outcomes examined. Height-for-age mediated a small amount of the deficit in language scales only. More educated mothers provided better home stimulation than less educated mothers and the home environment partly mediated the effect of maternal education. These results suggested that in interventions aimed at promoting child development, those focusing on the quality of the home environment should be effective.
The embeddedness of collaborative information seeking in information culture
Authors: Hansen Preben , Widén Gunilla
Published: June 2016

Professionally, people often conduct their work in settings containing a range of different collaborative situations and work practices in which people handle information and work activities. Still, work tasks are usually considered and perceived as individual activities although the technology and the characteristics of the tasks require collaborative and cooperative handling processes. This viewpoint still produces technologies that, in general, assume individual information management and decision-making. Based on previous research on information culture (IC) and collaborative information seeking (CIS), this paper proposes an integrated framework where both environmental (cultural) as well as collaborative aspects of organisational information behaviour are present. This kind of framework would be useful in studies looking into how information is retrieved, how information is organised and managed, and how information is used as a resource in collaborative settings. It gives a more holistic perspective to information use and practices in organisations where culture, collaboration and awareness are especially brought to common attention for effective information management in organisations.
Classification of news-related tweets
Authors: Demirsoz Orhan , Ozcan Rifat
Published: June 2016

It is important to obtain public opinion about a news article. Microblogs such as Twitter are popular and an important medium for people to share ideas. An important portion of tweets are related to news or events. Our aim is to find tweets about newspaper reports and measure the popularity of these reports on Twitter. However, it is a challenging task to match informal and very short tweets with formal news reports. In this study, we formulate this problem as a supervised classification task. We propose to form a training set using tweets containing a link to the news and the content of the same news article. We preprocess tweets by removing unnecessary words and symbols and apply stemming by means of morphological analysers. We apply binary classifiers and anomaly detection to this task. We also propose a textual similarity-based approach. We observed that preprocessing of tweets increases accuracy. The textual similarity method obtains results with the highest recognition rate. Success increases in some cases when report text is used with tweets containing a link to the news report within the training set of classification studies. We propose that this study, which is made directly in consideration of tweet texts that measure the trends of national newspaper reports on social media, has a higher significance when compared to Twitter analyses made by using a hashtag. Given the limited number of scientific studies on Turkish tweets, this study makes a contribution to the literature.
Creating the Sound of Sarcasm
Authors: Peters Sara , Almor Amit
Published: June 2016

The study of spoken language requires controlling multiple aspects of the speech signal. Here we report a procedure to create a sarcastic version of sincerely spoken audio stimuli by changing aspects of prosody relevant to sarcasm (pitch, pace, and loudness) while controlling all other acoustic differences. Two rating experiments validated the efficacy of this procedure for spoken conversations (“Maybe they are more delicate than you realized”) and descriptions (“Angie thanked John for doing such a great job”; emphasis indicates manipulation).
Philosophy against and in Praise of Violence: Kant, Thoreau and the Revolutionary Spectator
Authors: Alpert Avram
Published: June 2016

In this article, the author argues that the works of Immanuel Kant and Henry David Thoreau can help reframe current political discussions about violence and nonviolence within revolutionary movements. For both of them, the means and ends of political change must coincide. Since they seek a nonviolent state of affairs, each argues against violent political change. However, they are also concerned to articulate a relationship between armed and unarmed struggle. After all, Kant and Thoreau worked to find what was positive in violent acts: the French Revolution and John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry, respectively. They suggest that one of the ethical acts of revolutionary nonviolence is the sympathetic spectatorship of comrades in struggle who have chosen violent means. This opens up a theory of revolutionary nonviolence as a dual injunction to remain resolutely opposed to violence, but also to be capable of finding within violent acts a deeper desire for the end of violence.
Introduction: Everyday narratives in world politics
Authors: Stanley Liam , Jackson Richard
Published: June 2016

Political science and international relations scholarship increasingly places substantive emphasis on, to put it broadly, the power of discourse in shaping world politics. This Special Issue develops a research agenda that seeks to consolidate a set of data collection and analysis strategies that can be used in studying the way in which elite-driven discourses are legitimated and challenged – in other words, an agenda for studying everyday narratives in world politics. In doing so, the Special Issue makes a threefold contribution: it analyses how key themes with world politics are reproduced and narrated; it demonstrates the need to go beyond ‘methodological elitism’ in understanding narratives, legitimacy, and world politics; and it highlights some of the methodological and practical issues in researching everyday narratives. In this introductory article, we situate the Special Issue within a critique of constructivist methodology broadly conceived, conceptualise everyday sites of politics, and finally, provide an overview of the articles in the issue.
Place, space, and capital: The landscapes of Patrick Keiller
Authors: Malpas Jeff , Jacobs Keith
Published: June 2016

Through his three films London, Robinson in Space and Robinson in Ruins, Patrick Keiller has sought, inter alia, to provide an incisive commentary on the neo-liberal social order and the way that the spaces we inhabit are experienced and represented. Keiller’s films draw from a variety of sources including: surrealism; political economy; cinematic theory; and architecture. Yet, although there is a considerable body of commentary on his work, there is less analysis that engages in a detailed way with the substance of the work itself – its images and techniques – or with the framework within which it operates. Our aims are twofold: first, to redress that omission here, and especially to attend to what appears to be the divergent character of the most recent film, Robinson in Ruins, when considered in relation to the framework established by the first two – a divergence that directly implicates Keiller’s thematisation of landscape; and, second, to reflect more broadly on the wider significance of Keiller’s films for geography and other critically inspired scholarship.
The regulation of social interaction in everyday life
Authors: Hall Jeffrey A.
Published: June 2016

The present investigation replicates O’Connor and Rosenblood’s (1996) experience sampling study of the homeostatic regulation of social interaction and addresses the statistical limitations of the original study. Using community ( N = 62) and student ( N = 54) samples, multilevel model results indicated that desire to be alone reduces future likelihood of social interaction ( N = 2722), which replicates the original study’s findings. Results suggest that social interaction is regulated within each day; yesterday’s desire for contact is unassociated with today’s interaction frequency. Individuals’ optimal social interaction state changed from no-contact desired to contact desired over the day, but results did not support the original study’s claim regarding social satiation. Future directions for the study of social interaction regulation are discussed.
Articulating the entrepreneurship career: A study of German women entrepreneurs
Authors: Braches Birgit , Elliott Carole
Published: June 2016

This article examines how German women construct accounts of entrepreneurship as a gendered career. While becoming an entrepreneur was deemed preferable to not having a career, the interpretative repertoires emerging around entrepreneurial careers mainly referred to structural barriers. These included ‘anti-child anti-woman’ attitudes within German society or acceptance of the ‘male game’ due to gendered role expectations embedded within social institutions. Interpreted from a career perspective, the findings indicate that entrepreneurial careers do not meet women’s expectations as they are subject to the same gendered constraints as those faced in waged employment. The article contributes to boundaryless career theory by illustrating how, even within a country of high employment rates and talent shortage, Germany’s status as a conservative welfare state builds gender inequality into entrepreneurial women’s lives to constrain career choices.
Distinct role of heme oxygenase-1 in early- and late-stage intracerebral hemorrhage in 12-month-old mice
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Song Yuejia , Zhang Ze , Li Danyang , Zhu Hong , Liang Rui , Gu Yunhe , Pang Yuxin , Qi Jiping , Wu He , Wang Jian
Published: June 2016

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the key enzyme in heme degradation, is highly expressed after ICH, but its role is still unclear. In this study, we used an HO-1 inducer and inhibitor to test the role of HO-1 in different stages of ICH in vivo and in vitro. In the early stage of ICH, high HO-1 expression worsened the outcomes of mice subjected to the collagenase-induced ICH model. HO-1 increased brain edema, white matter damage, neuronal death, and neurobehavioral deficits. Furthermore, elevated HO-1 increased inflammation, oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinase-9/2 activity, and iron deposition. In the later stage of ICH, long-term induction of HO-1 increased hematoma absorption, angiogenesis, and recovery of neurologic function. We conclude that HO-1 activation mediates early brain damage after ICH but promotes neurologic function recovery in the later stage of ICH.
Using Survival Analysis to Improve Estimates of Life Year Gains in Policy Evaluations
Authors: Meacock Rachel , Sutton Matt , Kristensen Søren Rud , Harrison Mark
Published: June 2016

Background. Policy evaluations taking a lifetime horizon have converted estimated changes in short-term mortality to expected life year gains using general population life expectancy. However, the life expectancy of the affected patients may differ from the general population. In trials, survival models are commonly used to extrapolate life year gains. The objective was to demonstrate the feasibility and materiality of using parametric survival models to extrapolate future survival in health care policy evaluations. Methods. We used our previous cost-effectiveness analysis of a pay-for-performance program as a motivating example. We first used the cohort of patients admitted prior to the program to compare 3 methods for estimating remaining life expectancy. We then used a difference-in-differences framework to estimate the life year gains associated with the program using general population life expectancy and survival models. Patient-level data from Hospital Episode Statistics was utilized for patients admitted to hospitals in England for pneumonia between 1 April 2007 and 31 March 2008 and between 1 April 2009 and 31 March 2010, and linked to death records for the period from 1 April 2007 to 31 March 2011. Results. In our cohort of patients, using parametric survival models rather than general population life expectancy figures reduced the estimated mean life years remaining by 30% (9.19 v. 13.15 years, respectively). However, the estimated mean life year gains associated with the program are larger using survival models (0.380 years) compared to using general population life expectancy (0.154 years). Conclusions. Using general population life expectancy to estimate the impact of health care policies can overestimate life expectancy but underestimate the impact of policies on life year gains. Using a longer follow-up period improved the accuracy of estimated survival and program impact considerably.
Work Values, Job Characteristics, and Career Choice Decisions: Evidence From Longitudinal Data
Authors: Choi Yujin
Published: June 2016

Although a large volume of literature has documented the role of public service motivation (PSM) as altruistic work values, few studies directly examine PSM’s impact on job choice. Using longitudinal data, this article examines the factors that affect people’s career choices, specifically the extent to which individuals with different work values choose different sectors when considering job characteristics and person–job (P-J) fit. The analysis reveals that people are more likely to choose jobs in the private sector than jobs in the public or non-profit sector when they have opportunities to satisfy their altruistic work values through relational jobs. The findings speak to the importance of P-J fit when people choose their initial jobs. Contributions to existing literature and implications are discussed.
Implementation of trot-to-gallop transition and subsequent gallop on the MIT Cheetah I
Authors: Hyun Dong Jin , Lee Jongwoo , Park SangIn , Kim Sangbae
Published: June 2016

This paper presents a demonstration of the trot-to-gallop transition and subsequent stable gallop in a robotic quadruped. The MIT Cheetah I, a planar quadruped platform for high-speed running, achieves these tasks with a speed of 3.2 m/s (Froude number of 2.1) on a treadmill. The controller benefits from clues from biological findings and it incorporates (1) a gait pattern modulation that imposes predefined gait patterns with a proprioceptive touchdown feedback, (2) tunable equilibrium-point foot-end trajectories for four limbs that intentionally modulate ground reaction forces, and (3) programmable leg compliance that provides instantaneous reflexes to leg–ground interaction. An inertial measurement unit sensor is integrated with the controller in order to regulate leg angles of attack at touchdown. We reduce the dimension of the control parameters which describe temporal/spatial characteristics of quadruped locomotion, and the values are tuned via dynamic simulation and then experiment. Given a pre-defined virtual leg compliance and a desired angle of attack of legs, the equilibrium-point foot-end trajectories and phase relationships between four legs for stable trot and gallop gaits are found independently. We propose a simple throw-and-catch gait transition strategy which connects two stable limit cycles, the trot and the gallop, by linearly varying control parameters during the transition period. Successful gait transition is achieved in both simulation and experiment. Comprehensive analysis on the characteristics of the MIT Cheetah I experimental trot-to-gallop transition is provided. The phase portraits imply that stable limit cycles are achieved with the proposed controller in both trot and gallop, which enables the trot-to-gallop gait transition at high speed.
Bovine Papillomavirus DNA and S100 Profiles in Sarcoids and Other Cutaneous Spindle Cell Tumors in Horses
Authors: Epperson E. D. , Castleman W. L.
Published: June 2016

Histopathologic differentiation between deep dermal or subcuticular equine sarcoids (ie, nodular sarcoids) and other spindle cell tumors in the dermis and subcutis such as peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) can be challenging based on morphologic criteria alone. It has been proposed that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for bovine papillomavirus (BPV) DNA and S100 immunohistochemistry be used as diagnostic tests to separate equine sarcoids from PNSTs. We reviewed 197 skin-associated spindle cell tumors (ie, soft tissue sarcomas), including PNSTs and sarcoids, received at the University of Florida between 1995 and 2013 and performed BPV PCR and S100 immunohistochemistry on archived paraffin-embedded tissues. We found that BPV DNA was demonstrable in 70% of the sarcoids, 59% of the PNSTs, 37% of the fibrosarcomas, and 22% of other tumors (myxosarcomas, fibromas, and other sarcomas) diagnosed on histomorphologic characteristics. Positive S100 staining was only seen in 12 tumors in the study (5 fibrosarcomas, 3 sarcoids, 2 PNSTs, and 2 other sarcomas). The results demonstrate that BPV is associated with many skin-associated spindle cell soft tissue tumors in horses in addition to sarcoids. S100 was rarely expressed in equine soft tissue sarcomas in the skin but was expressed in many tumor types, including PNSTs and sarcoids. Because 41% of the PNSTs classified by histomorphology in this study were BPV negative and 94% were S100 negative, it is reasonable to classify these as soft tissue sarcomas with nerve sheath tumor histomorphology rather than as either PNSTs or sarcoids.
Veterinary Forensics
Authors: Bradley-Siemens N. , Brower A. I.
Published: June 2016

Projectile injury represents an estimated 14% of reported animal cruelty cases in the United States. Cases involving projectiles are complicated by gross similarities to other common types of injury, including bite wounds and motor vehicle injuries, by weapons and ammunition not commonly recognized or understood by veterinary medical professionals, and by required expertise beyond that employed in routine postmortem examination. This review describes the common types of projectile injuries encountered within the United States, as well as firearms and ammunition associated with this form of injury. The 3 stages of ballistics—internal, external, and terminal—and wounding capacity are discussed. A general understanding of firearms, ammunition, and ballistics is necessary before pursuing forensic projectile cases. The forensic necropsy is described, including gunshot wound examination, projectile trajectories, different imaging procedures, collection and storage of projectile evidence, and potential advanced techniques for gunpowder analysis. This review presents aspects of projectile injury investigation that must be considered in tandem with standard postmortem practices and procedures to ensure reliable conclusions are reached for medicolegal as well as diagnostic purposes.
Demolition as urban policy in the American Rust Belt
Authors: Hackworth Jason
Published: June 2016

Demolition has long been a component of urban policy in the United States and elsewhere. Until recently, however, demolition was seen as a mere component of a wider policy—e.g. the first step to build an affordable housing complex, or a revived commercial strip. Recently some have suggested that demolition can have stand-alone regenerative effects—that is, if blighted housing is demolished, surrounding markets and neighborhoods will heal and regenerate without further intervention. This article challenges this logic by examining neighborhoods in the American Rust Belt where ad hoc demolition has been the predominant urban policy in the past 40 years. In total, there are 269 neighborhoods in 49 cities that have lost more than 50% of their housing since 1970. In aggregate, these activities have led to more housing loss, and affected more land area than even the urban renewal period, yet have not led to market rebound or a decrease in social marginality.
Femoroacetabular Impingement Is Associated With Sports-Related Posterior Hip Instability in Adolescents
Authors: Mayer Stephanie W. , Abdo João Caetano Munhoz , Hill Mary K. , Kestel Lauryn A. , Pan Zhaoxing , Novais Eduardo N.
Published: June 2016

Background:

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) deformity has been associated with posterior hip instability in adult athletes.

Purpose:

To determine if FAI deformity is associated with posterior hip instability in adolescents, the femoral head-neck junction or acetabular structure in a cohort of adolescent patients who sustained a low-energy, sports-related posterior hip dislocation was compared with that in a group of healthy age- and sex-matched controls with no history of hip injury or pain.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We identified 12 male patients (mean age, 13.9 years; range, 12-16 years) who sustained a sports-related posterior hip dislocation and underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan after closed reduction. For each patient, 3 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were identified. Femoral head-neck type was assessed by measurement of the alpha angle on the radially oriented CT images at the 12-, 1-, 2-, and 3-o’clock positions. Age, body mass index (BMI), alpha angle at each position, acetabular version, Tönnis angle, and lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) on the involved hip in the dislocation group were compared with those of the matched controls using a mixed-effects model. A logistic regression analysis using a generalized estimating equation was used to compare the percentage of subjects with cam-type FAI deformity (alpha angle >55°) in each group.

Results:

The dislocation and control groups were similar in age distribution and BMI ( P > .05). The mean alpha angles were statistically significantly higher in the dislocation group compared with the control group at the superior (46.3° ± 1.1° vs 42.7° ± 0.6°; P = .0213), superior-anterior (55.5° ± 1.9° vs 46.0° ± 1.3°; P = .0005), and anterior-superior (54.9° ± 1.5° vs 48.9° ± 1.0°; P = .0045) regions. Cam deformity was present in a larger proportion of patients in the dislocation group than in the control group ( P < .0035). An alpha angle greater than 55° was present in 16.7% of the dislocation group and 0% of the control group at the 12-o’clock position ( P = .1213), 41.7% versus 0% at the 1-o’clock position ( P = .0034), 58% versus 6% at the 2-o’clock position ( P = .0004), and 25% versus 2.8% at the 3-o’clock position ( P = .0929). Acetabular anteversion was lower in the dislocation group (9.6° ± 1.4°) compared with the control group (15.1° ± 0.8°) ( P = .0068). Mean acetabular LCEA was within a normal range in both groups.

Conclusion:

A significantly higher mean alpha angle from the superior to the anterior-superior regions of the femoral head-neck junction and lower acetabular version were found in adolescents who sustained low-energy, sports-related posterior hip dislocations.
A Review of Dietary Zinc Recommendations
Authors: Gibson Rosalind S. , King Janet C. , Lowe Nicola
Published: June 2016

Background:

Large discrepancies exist among the dietary zinc recommendations set by expert groups.

Objective:

To describe the basis for the differences in the dietary zinc recommendations set by the World Health Organization, the US Institute of Medicine, the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group, and the European Food Safety Agency.

Methods:

We compared the sources of the data, the concepts, and methods used by the 4 expert groups to set the physiological requirements for absorbed zinc, the dietary zinc requirements (termed estimated and/or average requirements), recommended dietary allowances (or recommended nutrient intakes or population reference intakes), and tolerable upper intake levels for selected age, sex, and life-stage groups.

Results:

All 4 expert groups used the factorial approach to estimate the physiological requirements for zinc. These are based on the estimates of absorbed zinc required to offset all obligatory zinc losses plus any additional requirements for absorbed zinc for growth, pregnancy, or lactation. However, discrepancies exist in the reference body weights used, studies selected, approaches to estimate endogenous fecal zinc (EFZ) losses, the adjustments applied to derive dietary zinc requirements that take into account zinc bioavailability in the habitual diets, number of dietary zinc recommendations set, and the nomenclature used to describe them.

Conclusions:

Estimates for the physiological and dietary requirements varied across the 4 expert groups. The European Food Safety Agency was the only expert group that set dietary zinc recommendations at 4 different levels of dietary phytate for adults (but not for children) and as of yet no tolerable upper intake level for any life-stage group.
Effect of through-the-thickness areal density and yarn fineness on the mechanical performance of three-dimensional carbon–phenolic composites
Authors: Najafloo Behzad , Rezadoust Amir M , Latifi Masoud
Published: June 2016

An experimental investigation was performed to study the mechanical performance of 3D carbon/phenolic composites subjected to bending and impact forces. T300-3 k dry preforms were tufted using carbon threads of 396, 800, and 1600 tex. Also, the tufting densities varied from sparse density (tufted 16 × 16: areal density = 0.37 cm−2) to moderate density (tufted 11 × 11: areal density = 0.82 cm-2) and high density (tufted 5.5 × 5.5: areal density = 3.30 cm−2). The tufted preforms were then infiltrated by phenolic resin through the vacuum pressure infusion process. The three-point bending tests results revealed that the flexural strength loss of tufted composites ranged from 17 to 34%. In untufted composites, the specified crack grew quickly along the composite while through-the-thickness reinforcements stopped the crack growth and led to crack branching along the thickness of composite. With the presence of through-the-thickness yarns, damage behavior changed and the tufted composites exhibited a slower rate of decrease in the level of stress. These composites also showed higher levels of after-failure stress values. The experimental results of the impact test demonstrated that tufting had different effects on the energy absorption of composites. In a number of tufted composites, the energy absorption increased by 14.6% and in the other ones, it reduced by 8%.
Foundations for integrating the democratic and territorial peace arguments
Authors: Owsiak Andrew P.
Published: June 2016

The democratic and territorial peace arguments explain interstate peace via distinct mechanisms. Yet they can be integrated. I theoretically derive both the unique domains in which each argument might operate and the ways in which the two arguments might reinforce one another. An analysis of the period 1816–2001 demonstrates support for a more integrative approach. Within contiguous dyads, border settlement significantly reduces conflict, even for non-democratic dyads. Democratic dyads, however, experience no such effect in the absence of border settlement. Nonetheless, the democratic peace functions strongly in non-contiguous dyads, and even the most peaceful, contiguous dyads require both democracy and border settlement. Such findings offer a foundation for further theoretical development that integrates the two arguments.
Should We Aim for Full Enteral Feeding in the First Week of Critical Illness?
Authors: McClave Stephen A. , Codner Panna , Patel Jayshil , Hurt Ryan T. , Allen Karen , Martindale Robert G.
Published: June 2016

Recent clinical trials have challenged the concept that aggressive full feeding as close to goal requirements as possible is necessary in the first week following admission to the intensive care unit. While the data suggesting that permissive underfeeding is better than full feeds are methodologically flawed, other data do indicate that in certain well‐defined patient populations, outcomes may be similar. The most important issues for clinicians in determining optimal nutrition therapy for critically ill patients are to carefully determine nutrition risk and differentiate nutrition from nonnutrition benefits of early enteral feeding. Management decisions in the first week of hospitalization should be made in the context of both short‐ and long‐term outcomes. Patients at highest nutrition risk may require advancement to goal feeds as soon as tolerated to maximize benefit from nutrition therapy.