bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Влияние содержания скандия на структуру и свойства сплава Al - 4,5 % Zn - 4,5 % Mg - 1 % Cu - 0,12 % Zr
Authors: Хомутов М. Г. , Поздняков А. В. , Главатских М. В.
Published: December 2021

Определено влияние содержания скандия на структуру и свойства сплава Al - 4,5 % Zn - 4,5 % Mg - 1 % Cu - 0,12 % Zr. Проведены микроструктурные исследования с идентификацией фаз с использованием светового микроскопа, а также сканирующего и просвечивающего электронных микроскопов. Определены твердость по Виккерсу и предел текучести при нагреве. Осуществлены термодинамические расчеты фазовой диаграммы и неравновесной кристаллизации по программе Thermo-Calc в базе данных TTAL5. Показано, что добавка скандия в количестве 0,1 % вносит достаточно ощутимый вклад в увеличение твердости после отжига при 450 °C, 3 ч и предела текучести после старения при 175 °C, 20 ч. Предложено использовать данные композиции сплавов как базу для разработки новых жаропрочных сплавов на основе системы Al - Zn - Mg - Cu.
Использование метода вневакуумной электронно-лучевой наплавки для создания комбинированного соединения высокоуглеродистой и хромоникелевой сталей
Authors: Никулина А. А. , Плотникова Н. В.
Published: December 2021

Исследованы материалы, полученные вневакуумной электронно-лучевой наплавкой порошковых смесей, содержащих хром, никель и титан, на заготовки из стали Э76. Проведен структурный анализ наплавок методами световой металлографии, растровой и просвечивающей электронной микроскопии. Определен химический состав и микротвердость наплавленных слоев. Установлено формирование на стали Э76 бездефектных слоев максимальной толщины 3,5 мм со структурой, состоящей из аустенита, карбонитридов титана и интерметаллидной фазы на основе хрома и железа переменного состава. Вблизи границы раздела обнаружены мартенситные участки шириной до 40 мкм и микротвердостью до 765 HV. Определены условия использования наплавок при изготовлении железнодорожных крестовин.
Структурные особенности защитных слоев на основе самофлюсующегося никелевого сплава, ниобия и бора после термической обработки электронным лучом и в печной камере
Authors: Зимоглядова Т. А. , Скороход К. А. , Сафарова Д. Э.
Published: December 2021

Исследована структура наплавленных слоев на основе самофлюсующегося никелевого сплава, ниобия и аморфного бора, нанесенных с использованием технологии вневакуумной электронно-лучевой наплавки и затем подвергнутых термической обработке (с оплавлением поверхностного слоя) двумя способами: 1 - нагрев в печной камере до 1000 °C, закалка и последующий низкий отпуск; 2 - нагрев высокоэнергетическим электронным лучом (ток пучка варьировали от 25 до 35 мА). Установлено, что в процессе термической обработки в наплавленном слое происходят существенные структурные изменения и перераспределение химических элементов. Микротвердость наплавленного слоя после оплавления в печной камере несколько снижается у поверхности, а после обработки электронным лучом не изменяется.
Environmental disclosure practice in the Serbian banking sector
Authors: Hanić Aida , Jovanović Olivera , Stevanović Slavica
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to: a) analyse the environmental disclosure practice in the Serbian banking sector, b) determine whether the degree of disclosure is higher in the case of big, i.e. systemically important banks, and c) examine if there is a positive relationship between the banks' CSR practice and their financial performance. The environmental disclosure index (EDI) based on 15 variables was employed to measure environmental disclosure performance for the Serbian banking industry. The data were generated through content analysis of the annual and sustainability reports of a total of 10 banks, five of which were classified as systemically important banks for the period 2015-2019. The sample was determined by the availability of reports for the analysed period and the bank establishment year. The results show that the majority of Serbian banks discloses their environmental policy (74%), the undertaken environmental activities with the local community (51%), and the utilization efficiency of water, energy, and paper (48%). Although the findings indicate that the environmental disclosure practice among all banks in Serbia is growing, the reports are not standardized. In addition, the systemically important banks in Serbia do not have a better disclosure practice. The econometric analysis implies that the bank's status does not influence the level of environmental disclosure and that there is no positive relationship between financial performance (ROA and ROE) and EDI. This study has implications for policymakers and accounting bodies in Serbia in standardizing non-financial reporting and creating certain green and sustainable banking guidelines.
The Jewish Coins at Dura-Europos
Authors: Adler Yonatan
Published: December 2021

The synagogue at Dura-Europos is undoubtedly the most prominent of the Jewish remains uncovered at the site. Dozens of Jewish coins found in excavations throughout the city have merited far less attention. Alfred Bellinger published a list of these coins in 1949; among the corpus of 14,017 coins found altogether at the site, 47 were identified as coins minted in Judea by Jewish rulers. This study offers the first comprehensive presentation and analysis of these Jewish coins. Following a review and analysis of the limited data on all 47 Jewish coins published in the original report, a full report is presented for the six coins from the Dura collection which are currently housed at the Yale University Art Gallery. This is followed by a discussion about the possible reasons why such a large assemblage of Jewish coins found its way in antiquity from Judea to distant Dura-Europos.
КРЕАТИВНІСТЬ ІДІОМАТИЧНОГО ПРОСТОРУ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ІНТЕРАКЦІЇ
Authors: Ковалюк Юрій
Published: December 2021

The present paper is a study of creativity of idiomatic space in the national varieties of English. The defi nition of the term ‘idiomatic space of social interaction’ has been suggested, formulated as “the property of the idiomatic space of social interaction to, either individually or collectively, form new idiomatic units or to adjust them according to the pragmatic and communicative goals of discourse”, and is further investigated in the News on the Web (NOW) corpus evidenced from canonical and non-canonical forms of the idiom have your cake and eat it (too). In total, 1158 instances of the use of the above idiom were investigated in fi ve national varieties of English (British English, American English, Canadian English, Australian English, and New Zealand English). Based on the data obtained, it was discovered that canonical forms of the idiom under analysis prevail over non-canonical forms (79.8% to 20.2%). Further, this was verifi ed with the help of concordance analysis using AntConc freeware corpus analysis toolkit, which showed minor deviations of the idiom from its base form. However, despite being in the minority, the non-canonical forms of have your cake and eat it (too) lend themselves to a rigorous analysis from the standpoint of the conceptual integration theory. One such instance of conceptual blending – to have their cake and eat it and then expect to still have it to eat later on when they’re hungry. And a bag to put it in – was considered in the present paper. The overall analysis has proved the applicability of the conceptual integration theory to idiomatic creativity in terms of idiomatic inputs and blends. Since no direct blends inv olving the above idiom were identifi ed in the NOW corpus, a wider context of the idiom (at least two or three sentences along with the title of the relevant publication) was considered. This provides certain evidence to hypothesize that the conceptual integration theory is not a universal one when it comes to interpreting idiomatic creativity. With this in mind, further quantitative and qualitative analyses are needed to rigorously determine the place of the conceptual integration theory in examining idiomatic creativity. Key words: study of idioms, idiomatic space, corpus analysis, conceptual integration theory, creativity of idiomatic space.
СТИЛІСТИЧНО МАРКОВАНА ЛЕКСИКА В РОМАНІ ТОМАСА БРУССІҐА “АM KÜRZEREN ЕNDE DER SONNENALLEE” ТА ЇЇ ВІДТВОРЕННЯ В УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ ПЕРЕКЛАДІ
Authors: Кучма Ольга , Тимченко Євгенія
Published: December 2021

The article deals with problems of literary translation on the lexical level. Translation strategies and techniques used to reproduce stylistically marked words and expressions of Thomas Brussig’s novel “Am kürzeren Ende der Sonnenallee” and the equivalency of their functions in the Ukrainian translation are explored. The word choice of the well known German author targeted at creating humorous or satirical tone in his novels constitutes his own individual style which is diffi cult to reproduce in other languages. That is why each new translation of his novel arouses a great interest of linguists and translatologists. The purpose of this article, therefore, was to classify the stylistically coloured vocabulary of the novel and to examine the lexical and stylistical choices of the translator S. Onufriv, especially the means chosen to render dialectisms, slang and jargon expressions, historical words from the GDR time, expressive personal nicknames, and denominations into Ukrainian. The main terms used in this article to describe the relation between the original text and its translation are “stylistic equivalency” and “stylistic density”, their application being explained based on the linguistic theories of translation (Fedorov, Retsker, Koller, Reiß). In the article, the comparative and descriptive methods as well as the quantitative estimations were used. Seven text fragments with 123 stylistically coloured expressions of lower register were chosen for our analysis. It revealed a higher stylistic density of the Ukrainian translation compared to the German text due to the use of stylistically lower vocabulary and Ukrainian dialect words used to substitute stylistically neutral words of the German author: 181 coloured words and expressions were found. The most important translation issues regarding the reproduction of dialect, slang words and of expressive names were defi ned. It was discovered that the eff ect caused by combining words of diff erent registers (formal and casual) had been lost in translation. Full stylistic equivalency of the youth slang translation as well as features of individual translator’s style were revealed. Several suggestions were made on how to avoid word-to-word translation in some places of the analyzed text fragments. To obtain the whole picture of formal translation equivalency, the tasks for further equivalency studies on other text levels were formulated. Key words: stylistically marked words and expressions, dialectisms, slang expressions, expressive personal nicknames and denominations, translation, stylistic equivalency, stylistic density
ПО НЯТТЯ КУЛЬТУРИ В ПЕРЕКЛАДІ ТА ПЕРЕКЛАДОЗНАВСТВІ: ДО ПИТАННЯ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ
Authors: Ляшенко Тетяна
Published: December 2021

In the paper, we off er the translatological defi nition of the concept of culture, relevant for literary translation as a culturological phenomenon. We believe that the given defi nition combines the main aspects of its interpretation in culturology, socio-cultural anthropology, and intercultural communication. Such an approach allows outlining cultural background knowledge of the translator, which is necessary, on the one hand, for understanding of the text and, on the other, for the adequate translation of cultural information. The article analyses various theories of the understanding of culture and the tradition of its research in the translation studies, particularly in German translatology. The combination of interpretive, linguistic and translational turns in the cultural sciences is identifi ed as a perspective for translation studies. The attention focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of common interpretations. The paper considers the issues of meaningful and spatial defi nition of the concept of culture. The study characterizes the understanding of culture in the process of intercultural communication and the role of literary translation in it as well as clarifi es the peculiarities of the refl ection of culture in the literary text. The elements of culture that constitute translation problems are both extralinguistic concepts, i.e. phenomena and events that take place in a particular linguocultural community (the culture described by language), and “culturally conditioned” units of language as markers of a particular culture (the culture in language). In this research, we exemplify the possible ways of solving the problem of identifi cation and translation of cultural information in literary translation. It is important to complete a systematic description of culture in literary texts to enable its identifi cation at the macro- and microstructural levels. The article points out the need to consider the issue of identifi cation and translation of cultural information not only at the stage of implementation of the message in the language of translation, but also at the stages of decoding the source text and its recoding. The prospects for further research are outlined, which consist in the operationalization of the concept of culture at the empirical level, a systematic description of cultural manifestations in the source text, and a systematic approach to the reproduction of cultural information in the translated text. Key words: culture, translation studies, intercultural communication, literary translation, literary text.
Etnobotánica de plantas tóxicas en el Partido de Vicente López (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Authors: Valerio Federico , Herrera Cano Anahí N. , Suárez M. Eugenia
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una primera prospección sobre la etnobotánica de plantas tóxicas en el partido de Vicente López (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Se trabajó con personas adultas que residen y/o trabajan en el área de estudio. La información y materiales se recopilaron mediante recorridos por la zona y entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas. Se identificaron 42 especies consideradas tóxicas, cuyas partes producen efectos variados y de distinta gravedad. El consenso sobre su toxicidad es en general bajo y el concepto vernáculo de tóxico no es unívoco; la gente emplea diferentes criterios para clasificar a una especie como tóxica. Las actitudes ante las plantas tóxicas también varían. Los resultados están en concordancia con lo previsto para el conocimiento botánico urbano. La postura de quienes hacen un manejo consciente de estas especies, basado en sus conocimientos y en las particularidades del contexto, es la deseable para conservar la salud y la flora simultáneamente. Este trabajo provee una base para comprender las representaciones y percepciones locales sobre el tema, a partir de las cuales se pueden diseñar programas educativos, a la vez que aporta a la etnobotánica y disciplinas afines
Estudio morfométrico de la diferenciación en Acacia bonariensis y Acacia caven var. caven (Fabaceae) en dos reservas naturales
Authors: Pometti Carolina Luciana , Rajngewerc Lucila , Bessega Cecilia
Published: December 2021

Introducción y objetivos El género Acacia (Fabaceae) es de distribución pantropical y actualmente está compuesto por, aproximadamente, 1.450 especies en todo el mundo. En Argentina se pueden encontrar especies pertenecientes a los subgéneros Acacia y Aculeiferum. En este trabajo se estudió la morfología de dos especies, Acacia caven var. caven¸ perteneciente al primer subgénero y Acacia bonariensis, correspondiente al segundo subgénero. El objetivo fue evaluar la variación interespecífica e intraespecífica en base a 12 caracteres exomorfológicos. La hipótesis de trabajo fue que los rasgos utilizados son capaces de diferenciar las especies y las poblaciones. 
M&M: El estudio se basó en un test de Kruskal Wallis y en diversos análisis con métodos multivariados. 
Resultados: El test de Kruskal Wallis mostró que nueve caracteres fueron capaces de diferenciar las especies y uno solo las poblaciones. A partir de los análisis multivariados se encontró que, a excepción de un carácter, todos los demás rasgos estudiados resultaron significativos para la diferenciación interespecífica. 
Conclusiones: Estos resultados evidenciaron una clara separación entre especies de acuerdo a la clasificación taxonómica ya establecida. Sin embargo, no se pudieron establecer diferencias entre los sitios de colección (reservas) para ninguna de las dos especies con estos métodos. En conclusión, estos análisis sientan un precedente para futuros estudios en donde se incluyan más poblaciones naturales y el estudio genético de ésta diferenciación a nivel molecular.
Caracterización morfoanatómica de las hojas de follaje de especies de Bambusa (Poaceae – Bambusoideae - Bambuseae)
Authors: Yormann Gladys Elizabeth , Apóstolo Nancy Mariel , Bessega Florencia
Published: December 2021

Introducción y objetivos: En Argentina, el género Bambusa está representado por nueve taxones introducidos, de los cuales los más cultivados son B. multiplex, B. tuldoides y B. vulgaris cv. vittata. Los representantes del género se caracterizan por tener floraciones no estacionales, luego de largos y variables períodos vegetativos. El estudio de la anatomía foliar de bambúes leñosos resulta de utilidad para la diferenciación de especies.  Con el fin de caracterizar cada entidad, se estudia la micromorfología, anatomía y ultraestructura de sus hojas de follaje. 
M&M: Mediante microscopía óptica, electrónica de barrido y de transmisión se analizan los caracteres de los tipos celulares y de la estructura interna de las hojas de follaje de las tres especies.  Se registran parámetros cualitativos y cuantitativos de cortes transversales y longitudinales y disociados de cada una de las especies. 
Resultados: Las dimensiones de la lámina de la hoja mostraron diferencias significativas entre las tres especies de Bambusa estudiadas. La micromorfología de la superficie foliar exhibe caracteres diferenciales entre la epidermis abaxial y adaxial de cada especie y entre especies: presencia o ausencia de micropelos, macropelos y aguijones; tipo de células silíceas; grado de cohesión y número de papilas que rodean a los estomas. Las dimensiones y características de las células fusoides y fibras muestran diferencias entre las especies, al igual que los parámetros micrométricos registrados sobre los cortes transversales de las hojas.  
Conclusión: Los caracteres morfo-anatómicos en conjunto con aquellos morfológicos permiten la caracterización de las especies de Bambusa estudiadas.
A FORMAÇÃO ACADÊMICA DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE ENFERMAGEM E OS ERROS NO PROCESSO DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO DE MEDICAÇÃO EM PACIENTES DE UM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO DE PERNAMBUCO.
Authors: SERPA DAMASCENO ANNE
Published: December 2021

A administração de medicamentos é uma das atividades mais importantes realizada pela equipe de enfermagem e se ajusta em várias ordens de cuidados prestados no tratamento de doenças. Estratégias podem ser utilizadas e devem ser divulgadas para minimizar a ocorrência de erros. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar o conhecimento produzido a respeito dos erros na administração de medicamentos pelos profissionais de enfermagem. A apresentação dos resultados e discussão dos dados obtidos foi feita de forma descritiva, possibilitando ao leitor a avaliação da aplicabilidade da revisão bibliográfica sobre a temática em estudo. As ações de segurança devem ser multidisciplinares. É preciso incentivar os profissionais de saúde sejam médicos, enfermeiros, farmacêuticos e técnicos de enfermagem a agirem de forma honesta, educá-los no sentido de adotar providências na ocorrência de um erro, sem temer punições, e se engajar no intuito de obter uma prática segura na administração de medicamentos aos clientes. É necessário o envolvimento do profissional no ambiente de trabalho para evitar os erros de medicação. Ainda é pequeno o número de bibliografias que enfoca o tema erros de medicação, principalmente no que diz respeito à educação permanente. Nesse contexto, o conhecimento da formação acadêmica nesta área pode ser um ótimo suporte para o fortalecimento e aprimoramento dessas ações. Palavras-Chave: Profissionais de enfermagem. Erros na administração de medicamento. Formação Acadêmica.
ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN BENDA CAGAR BUDAYA SEBAGAI KEKAYAAN DIKUASAI NEGARA DI BALAI PELESTARIAN CAGAR BUDAYA D.I.YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Naufal Faraj El Gibarj Muhammad , Pratin Pratin
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengelolaan BMN berupa cagar budaya. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui metode wawancara dan studi pustaka
Financial Sector’s Role in Transmission of Monetary and Fiscal Shocks in Russian Economy: Estimation Under Different Assumptions About Production Sector
Authors:   Financial Research Institute, Moscow 127006, Russian Federation, Lazaryan S.S. , Elkina M.A. ,   Financial Research Institute, Moscow 127006, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

The financial sector plays a crucial role in the economy, not only being a simple intermediary between creditors and borrowers, but also having a significant impact on the economy’s development and its various characteristics. For this reason, accounting for financial sector peculiarities is critical when developing policy-oriented general equilibrium models for practical use. This drives the interest of many researchers in development of approaches to describing the financial sector and financial frictions in DSGE models. In financial frictions models one can describe the production side of the economy in a simplistic way. However, it could be important to model the production sector in more detail. For instance, separating tradable and non-tradable sectors of the economy could be of great significance, especially for developing economies which depend on foreign trade a lot. In this paper we analyze the role of the financial sector and how important it is for transmission of monetary and fiscal shocks under different assumptions about the production sector. Namely, we compare two-sector economy with tradable and non-tradable sectors with a simplistic model which assumes that the economy produces only tradable goods. According to the results, financial frictions impact tradable and nontradable sectors asymmetrically. In the two-sector model the effect of financial frictions is quantitatively smaller than in the one-sector economy. Therefore, using the latter simplifying assumption could lead to overestimating the role of financial frictions in the transmission of monetary and fiscal shocks. In addition, the paper provides estimates of how changes in monetary and fiscal policy instruments impact the Russian economy given the existence of financial frictions.
Integral Tax Collection Index as a New Approach to Assessing Tax Administration
Authors:   Economic Expert Group, Moscow 107031, Russian Federation, Osmolovskaya-Suslina A.L. ,   Financial Research Institute, Moscow 127006, Russian Federation, Borisova S.R. ,   Economic Expert Group, Moscow 107031, Russian Federation, Moskvina V.A. ,   Economic Expert Group, Moscow 107031, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

Budget mobilization and improvements in the quality of tax administration are always among the top priorities for fiscal authorities. During periods of instability the role of tax compliance and budget execution increases even more. Times like these require quick analysis and adaptation of the tax system to changing economic conditions, and do not always allow conventional scientific approaches to be used in the analysis of tax collection. Fiscal authorities are faced with the need to create relatively simple tools for assessing that would allow one to analyze revenues with a minimum set of data and to assess the efficiency of the tax authorities taking into account changes in the macroeconomic environment. The integral index of collection presented in this work can help solve this problem. The essence of the approach is to analyze the coherence of two dynamics: actual tax receipts and their proxy tax base. The methodical advantages of the proposed indicator are its relative simplicity and versatility. It is applicable for most of the tax and non-tax payments and can be used both independently and in conjunction with other indicators of tax collection completeness. The above makes the index a convenient tool for quick analysis at different stages of the budget process—it can be useful not only for ex-post understanding of trends in budget revenues execution and tax administration dynamics, but also for improving the accuracy of budget forecasts ex-ante.
Key Issues of Taxation of the Self-Employed in the CIS Countries
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125993, Russian Federation, Tikhonova A.V. ,   Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow 125468, Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

The present article examines the prospect of forming a special chapter of the Model Tax Code for the CIS countries, “Tax on Professional Income.” The relevance of this issue is explained by two circumstances—first, a growing share of self-employed citizens, among whom a significant part work outside the legal framework; and second, the possible labor migration of this category of payers between the CIS countries. As a consequence, both factors lead to the need for the formation of common approaches to taxation of self-employed individuals in the member states, codified in the form of a chapter in the Model Tax Code. The purpose of the study is to determine the key elements of the tax on professional income in the CIS countries, which should be indicated in the CIS Model Tax Code as the basic conditions and principles of taxation of self-employed citizens. In accordance with the goal, the author analyzed the tax and labor legislation of the CIS member states, as well as the associated member, the Republic of Turkmenistan. A review of legal acts showed that there is no single conceptual apparatus (“self-employment,” “selfemployed”) in the analyzed countries. This fact prevents the development of a unified approach to determining the circle of taxpayers within the special regime. National legislation has developed three approaches to taxing the self-employed. The first approach is that the self-employed are singled out into an independent category of payers with the presence of the corresponding features of taxation. The second approach consists in the absence of specific conditions of taxation in the presence of a standard individual income tax levied on a general basis. The third approach involves the formation in the construct of a number of taxes and special tax regimes of specific conditions for the taxation of the self-employed. At the end of the article, recommendations are given on the content of a special chapter of the Model Tax Code, taking into account the peculiarities of economic and social development, the state of tax administration, and the “tax” susceptibility of the population of the CIS countries. As an approach to taxation of the self-employed, it is proposed to apply the first one cited, based on the allocation of an independent category of payers.
THROUGH SUFFERING, TOWARDS JOY. DIGGING INTO HAPPINESS WITH MICHEL HENRY
Authors:   Department of Philosophy, Social Science and Education University of Perugia (Perugia, Italy), CASUCCI Marco
Published: December 2021

In this paper I want to focus my attention on Michel Henry’s concept of joy as it is explained in his work The Essence of Manifestation. In this work the French philosopher analyses the essence of manifestation trying to overcome the common idea of manifestation itself intended as exteriority. For Henry the essence of manifestation lies on an inner and invisible revelation that cannot be shown and which is related to the invisible and immanent dimension of feeling. Suffering and joy become then the invisible feelings, which reveal the innermost essence of being as the origin of every manifestation. Keywords: Essence, Manifestation, Being, Revelation, Feeling, Joy.
HAPPINESS IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF EAST AND WEST: METAANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture (Kyiv, Ukraine), CHORNOMORDENKO Ivan , SIRA Larysa ,   Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture (Kyiv, Ukraine)
Published: December 2021

The theme of happiness is considered as the history of thinking of East and West and the author's solution of this problem is offered, being based on philosophicalanthropological as metaanthropological approach. The man of the New Age is considered in the comparative characteristics of two different worldviews of philosophical anthropology. In socio-humanitarian knowledge there are common and opposite understandings of happiness. The essence of the spiritual and material worldview for understanding the happiness of two different currents is revealed. The eastern way of awareness of happiness in the paradigm of metaanthropology is compared. The deep meaning of happiness according to existential dimensions claims the harmony of the spiritual and the material, where the spiritual is fundamental for obtaining a true understanding of happiness. KEY WORDS: metaanthropology, ordinary, ultimate, transcendental being of man.
ALBANIA AND CULTURAL SOCIAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   University “Aleksandër Moisiu” (Durrës, Albania), DEMI (MOSHO) Albana , KADIU Arjana ,   University “Aleksandër Moisiu” (Durrës, Albania)
Published: December 2021

Everyone This paper aims to present the social and cultural side in Albania, intertwined with the economic aspect, based on the analysis of the changes occurred recently in our country. Considering the happiness as a key daily factor this paper will give an overview of the public policies, including public and family costs. The purpose of this paper is to analyze if the welfare is provided only in conditions of an environment characterized by the economic, political and social stability. The research is based on the data collected by the public institutions regarding the social policies, economic growth, challenges of tourism, as well as the different cultures that exist in Albania. Keywords: public policies, economic, social policies, tourism, culture, economic growth.
FURXHI Gentisa HAPPINESS IN THE WORKPLACE
Authors:   University “Fan S. Noli” (Korçë, Albania), DOLLIJA Elda , ÇOLLAKU Manjola ,   University “Fan S. Noli” (Korçë, Albania)
Published: December 2021

The nature of workplace has dramatically changed in the new area of economy. Nowadays employeers are investing for better workplace environment. The organizational culture and cimate must encourage the employees to flourish and be their best selves. The perfect workplace is supposted to make the employees happy by giving the people flexibility and autonomy as to where and how they work, built on a culture of growth and trust. That is because happines in the workplace is like a symbiotic relationship which offers mutual benefits to both employees and employers. Key words: employee happiness; workplace; productivity; well being
THE CONCEPTUAL IDEA OF HAPPINESS IN G.S. KOSTIUK’S PSYCHOLOGICAL SYSTEM
Authors:   G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology of National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), DRIHUS Maria
Published: December 2021

G.S. Kostiuk, a prominent scientist and the founder of Ukrainian psychology, initiated the consideration of «happiness – personality» approach, continuing also in the modern national psychological space. He applied this approach for the first time into the theoretical and methodological analysis of personality formation and development. Such point of view was innovative and unique for the Ukrainian psychological science at the 60s of the twentieth century and testifies to G.S. Kostiuk’s unique ability to anticipate the key problems of current time. The thesis presents G.S. Kostiuk’s conceptual idea of happiness in connection to his theoretical and methodological foundations for personality development. Our scientific research shows that G.S. Kostiuk used the idea of happiness for the first time in the Ukrainian psychological science for the comprehensive analysis of an individual’s abilities, as well as ontogenetic analysis of a «growing personality». The idea of happiness was also included into the concept of an individual’s professional self-determination, developed by the scientist, which was an innovation for his time. G.S. Kostiuk described the architectonics of an individual’s professional self-determination and revealed “the source of an individual’s personal happiness” connected with such self-determination, and such approach was unique. KEY WORDS: personality, happiness, development, abilities, professional selfdetermination.
MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS OF HAPPINESS: CASE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES
Authors:   Mediterranean University of Albania (Tirana, Albania), FERUNI Nerajda
Published: December 2021

The aim of this paper is to test empirically the relationship between life satisfaction, another term used for happiness, and macroeconomic indicators such as GDP per capita, which is a proxy for economic growth, unemployment, inflation, income distribution and government expenditure in the European Union countries during the period of 2005-2017. The chosen variables are some of the most significant determinants of economic growth as well. Using the Fixed Effects model, which falls under the Panel Generalized Least Square method, the empirical results are in accordance with the literature review and suggest that unemployment and inflation have negative significant impacts on life satisfaction. Additionally, higher government expenditures and a higher level of economic growth lead to a higher level of life satisfaction in the EU countries, while unfair income distribution leads to a lower level of life satisfaction. Keywords: life satisfaction, macroeconomic indicators, economic growth, EU
PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF STUDENTS IN EDUCATIONAL CONDITIONS
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University of Ukraine (Kyiv), KASIANOVA Alexandra , FILONENKO Myroslava ,   Bogomolets National Medical University of Ukraine (Kyiv)
Published: December 2021

The article presents a study of screening the psychological wellbeing of students and the need to develop effective methods of psychological prevention and correction of negative mental states. The analysis of qualitative and quantitative parameters of mood, level of anxiety and depression of students is carried out. The influence of mood on the level of anxiety and depression of the studied students was studied. KEY WORDS: mental health, students, well-being, anxiety, depression, stress.
MODERN INTERPRETATION OF THE CONCEPT OF “HAPPINESS” THROUGH THE PRISM OF ITS ETHYMOLOGY
Authors:   Associatiate Proessor of Ukrainian Studies Department Bogomolets National Medical University (Kyiv, Ukraine), Svitlana BARABASH
Published: December 2021

The article examines the modern concept of "happiness" through the prism of the study of its origin. The etymology of the word reproduces its history through its emergence and fixation of primary meaning, sources of origin and change of meaning associated with the development of social life, worldview, progress. An analysis of the concept of "happiness" as a vision of different peoples, different historical periods. The origin of the Proto-Slavic word from the ancient Indian is determined, from which the connection "happiness" and "death" follows. The vision and perception of this concept as a phenomenon in ancient Roman, Greek and Slavic mythologies are traced. Emphasis is placed on modern interpretations and terms that arise to denote "happiness", because it is a source of scientific interest in various fields of knowledge. KEY WORDS: happiness, Fortune, Tyuhe, Fate, Misfortune, gluksforshung.
LOVE IN THE NATURE OF HAPPINESS: EXISTING-HUMANISTIC ASPECT
Authors:   G.S.Kostiuk Institut of Psychology of NAES of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), HURLYEVA Tetyana
Published: December 2021

The article emphasizes the importance of humane values in personal development, in the fullest, creative realization of a person's human essence, in the continuous pursuit of happiness. It is the proclamation and implementation of such values as goodness, justice, compassion, responsibility, freedom, conscience, dignity, honor, and others. From the standpoint of the existential-humanistic approach, the role of love as a value in the nature of happiness, its connection with creativity, spirituality, and dreams is considered. Love as one of the most important human values, the high meaning of life, the spiritual ability of man can be manifested in various types of relationships. The author of the article focuses on love for all that exists - for other people, for nature, for life, for the world, on the meaning of a person's ability to give and receive love. Key words: happiness, love, dream, creativity, meaning of life, spirituality, existential-humanistic aspect
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG GRADUATES: A SELF-EMPLOYMENT AND ADVANCEMENT OPPORTUNITY
Authors:   Department of Business Administration, Epoka University (Tirana, Albania), KRUJA (DEMNERI) Alba , KALLUCI Lumturi ,   Epoka University (Tirana, Albania)
Published: December 2021

Entrepreneurship is very important for the economy of a country and it is seen as a key force for economic development. In less developed countries where poverty and mass unemployment are the dominant facts of economic life, entrepreneurship is considered as a solution to face unemployment. Entrepreneurs are the engines of the economy, who use their knowledge and inspiration accompanied with a great risk to provide new, challenging products and services. The aim of this study is to understand the graduates’ attempts towards entrepreneurial activities, some of the factors that motivated them to become entrepreneurs and barriers that they faced. The quantitative data is used to present the findings of an exploratory research which was applied on alumni of Epoka University via a structured questionnaire. A sample of 115 graduates is collected from their answers. Through descriptive analysis is determined the impact of knowledge, skills, work experience, and inspirational model on the entrepreneurial intent of Epoka University graduates, to promote entrepreneurship, reduce unemployment, develop innovation and strengthen the economy. Besides entrepreneurs, this study investigates the entrepreneurial intent of employed and unemployed alumni and concluded they had a positive attitude towards it. This study tends to contribute to the university as well as the Government in increasing efforts to encourage more students to entrepreneurship activities as their career path upon graduation. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Graduates, Opportunities, Competences, Epoka University, Albania
HAPPINESS VS SECURITY: BACKGROUND AND CONSEQUENCES
Authors:   KROK University (Kyiv, Ukraine) The Ukrainan Institute for Happiness Research, LIASHENKO Oleksandra
Published: December 2021

Security and happiness are integral parts of a whole: the level of happiness increases as security, while security is a prerequisite not only for the realization of human rights and freedoms but also (objectively) happy conditions of its existence. The connotation of the concept of "happiness" is constantly transformed, modernizing its multifaceted essence. The discourse of the concept of happiness penetrates into the multifaceted concept of security, which is fragile and vulnerable to numerous threats becomes one of the defining characteristics of happiness. The hierarchy of security meanings - from personal to global - forms numerous relationships with the axiological narrative of happiness, creating a favorable foundation for sustainable development. The relationship between the concepts of happiness and security is discussed. High social demand for happiness and security has been demonstrated. The interdependence and processes that affect the formation of happiness and security are outlined. Keywords: happiness, security, vulnerability, relationship
HOMO EUDAIMONICUS: A ROLE OF A NEW ANTHROPOLOGICAL MODEL IN REFORMATTING A CONTEMPORARY SYSTEM OF EDUCATION
Authors:   Co-founder and Coordinator of International Cooperation of the Ukrainian Institute for Happiness Research Associate Professor at Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University (Lviv, Ukraine), LUSHCH-PURII Uliana
Published: December 2021

Peculiarities of a new anthropological model homo eudaimonicus are analysed, as well as the specificity and perspectives of its implementation in the contemporary system of education. The efficiency of homo eudaimonicus model for the achievement of sustainable and lasting happiness, increase of life satisfaction level and enhancement of environmental behavior of a person is elucidated. It is explicated that the purpose of happiness-oriented education is to teach children ways of achieving happiness from socially useful activities. Methodsand techniques for mastering the temporal continuum of happiness are suggested, that is to experience happiness due to happy memories, appreciation of the present and positive scenarios of the future. Keywords: homo eudaimonicus, happiness, happiness-oriented education, social business, environmental awareness.
MICROFINANCE AS A TOOL FOR POVERTY REDUCTION: CASE OF WESTERN BALKAN COUNTRIES
Authors:   EPOKA University (Tirana, Albania), MERA Nertil , TOZAJ Manjola ,   EPOKA University (Tirana, Albania)
Published: December 2021

Microfinance is of a vital importance to the unprivileged people especially in the developing countries. People with no means of sustaining themselves, rely on microfinance for a variety of services as a means for poverty reduction and increasing happiness. This study employs a Fixed Effects Model to analyze the impact of microfinance and some other macroeconomic factors on poverty reduction in Albania, Montenegro and Bosnia and Hercegovina. Empirical findings suggest that inflation does not play a role on the poverty reduction. On the other hand, total output (GDP) and microfinance (GLP) are found to be highly statistically significant in explaining the poverty reduction in the respective countries. Therefore, putting serious efforts on increasing GDP and supporting microfinance institutions may help the countries reduce the poverty level. Keywords: Western Balkans, microfinance, GDP, poverty reduction, fixed effects model
EVALUATION OF HAPPINESS IN ALBANIAN EDUCATION, LEGISLATION AND POLICIES
Authors:   Epoka University (Tirana, Albania), MIÇO Heliona , KODRA Klara ,   Epoka University (Tirana, Albania)
Published: December 2021

Studies show that happiness positively affects the student's learning process. Happy students have higher academic achievements, better relationships with friends as well as more active participation in secondary activities in education. International education policies estimate that happiness is correlated with well-being and life quality. Yet, happiness is not considered as one of the mail goals in the Albanian education policy and legislation. The article will firstly shed light on the impact of happiness on better student performance. It will reflect the international legislation and policies which have valued happiness as a fundamental human goal, by extending the relevant analysis in the field of legislation and policies in Albania. The analyses will help to understand the place that happiness occupies in the goals of education and the need for evaluation of the level of student happiness as a tool towards student well-being and education quality. The article will focus on the need to include the concept of happiness in the whole educational process, in order to positively encourage students not only in terms of higher school performance but also in terms of their overall well-being. Key words: education, happiness, Albania, students, well-being
PROMOTING WELL-BEING: THE CONTRIBUTION OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN HR OF A COMPANY (THE CASE OF ALBANIA)
Authors:   MSc in Banking and Finance (Tirana, Albania), Loida PLAKU
Published: December 2021

The work environment is constantly changing. It is necessary to adapt effectively in order to have an increased productivity. Terms such as leadership, mindset, long-term goals, critical or analytical mind are the key factors that are deciding the fate of a certain company. In our country, it is mainly young people who are aware of the positive consequences of practicing emotional intelligence. But how easy is it to practice these qualities in a country like Albania? Recently, various trainings are being held for the development of individual performance, but does the Albanian society really know what it means to have an individual performance? One of the basic principles of Adlerian psychology is closely related to the principles of EQ: Thinking of the common good. How can this happen when everyone is supposed to think for themselves? The paper is based on the interpretation of the main tests of Emotional Intelligence by comparing them with the data from a questionnaire that is addressed to 100 employees or people who have at least worked 1 time with contractual agreement. Main tests used are those based on Daniel Goleman’s EQ Framework, specifically “360 degree” instrument. Keywords: Emotional intelligence, HR practices, Leadership, Humanity, Happiness.
UNIVERSAL BASIC INCOME AS A FOUNDATION OF HAPPINESS-ORIENTED ECONOMIC POLICY OF A CONTEMPORARY STATE
Authors:   Ukrainian Institute for Happiness Research (Lviv, Ukraine), PURII Roman , FLEYCHUK Mariya ,   Ukrainian Institute for Happiness Research (Lviv, Ukraine)
Published: December 2021

The contemporary capitalistic social order has reached its apogee and starts to decline. COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated economic and financial problems. Digitalization of production processes, automation and robotization of production leads to the elimination of jobs, and hence, to a reduction of the tax base that leads to the destruction of existing institutions of social security. Universal Basic Income or Unconditional Basic Income (UBI) as a way of distribution of public goods and a form of social welfare has been considered in recent decades as the foundation for a social component of a new social order. We interpret UBI in terms of the Ukrainian citizens’ happiness. The main task of the government in this respect is to eliminate factors of social discomfort in citizens’ lives. UBI as a passive income provides a citizen with the feeling of dignity, creates favourable conditions for self-accomplishment, strengthens national identity, provides economy and the Ukrainian commodity producers with solvent customers. The Single Digital Fiscal Accounting Payment System (SDFAPS) is introduced as a tool for UBI implementation; it elimination corruption and serves as a foundation for a new social justice. Keywords: Universal Basic Income (UBI), happiness, a new social order, Single Digital Fiscal Accounting Payment System (SDFAPS).
THE THEORY OF AN OPTIMAL EXPERIENCE AS A SPECIAL VIEW ON THE CONCEPT OF “HAPPINESS”
Authors:   G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology, the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), YAVORSKA-VIETROVA Iryna
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes M. Csikszentmihalyi’s theory of an optimal experience and its links with the system of personal attitudes as a component of personal growth and life quality improvement. The factors and conditions are examined that support formation of the autotelic personality, who “independently determines the goals and reflects the idea that most of such person’s goals are intrinsic”. A person, having learned to set goals, developing own skills, attentive to results of their actions, focusing and fully dedicating to a process or an activity, is able to achieve an optimal experience, a flow state in any area of relations with the world, other people, themselves, or in any activity. Key words: personality, attitude, system of attitudes, optimal experience, flow.