bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A roadmap for engineering and technology education reform at The Norwegian University of Technology (NTNU)
Authors: OØien Geir Egil , Bodsberg Nils Rune
Published: March 2023

Through the project “Technology Education of the Future” (FTS), NTNU has developed a holistic, systemic framework for re-design of its educational programmes in technology and engineering. FTS delivered its final report in January 2022 – a roadmap focusing on ‘how’, i.e., the concrete steps NTNU should take in the upcoming years in order to implement FTS’ previous recommendations on ‘why’ and ‘what’. This concept paper provides an overview of this roadmap, which outlines 12 Main Actions (MAs) within five quality areas, plus an overarching ‘umbrella action’ to enable the MAs. For each MA, some Prioritised Measures (PMs) are described. Based on a risk analysis we also provide procedural advice, emphasising factors deemed critical for a successful FTS implementation.
PBL activity as link element in the bachelor’s degree in industrial electronics and automation engineering
Authors: Martínez García Herminio , García Vílchez Encarnación
Published: March 2023

This paper describes the experience carried out within the Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Electronics and Automation Engineering taught at the Eastern Barcelona School of Engineering (EEBE) of the Technical University of Catalonia–BarcelonaTech (UPC). Specifically, the experience is based on the realization of a cross project that is under the framework of the degree intensification named Application Design in Electronics Engineering (ADEE). This intensification, consisting of a block of two courses, taught in the Fall and Spring semesters, and offered for students in their final year, allows the fulfillment, for two semesters, of the aforementioned project. This includes the design, simulation, implementation (assembly), testing and experimental results (corroboration) of an electronic system or equipment within the field of Electronic Engineering.
Integrated concept for the enhancement of mathematical competencies at the transition from high school student to freshmen in engineering studies
Authors: Nasarow Alexander , Schmitt Patrick , Kreis Oliver
Published: March 2023

This concept paper presents the large-scale measures and results that the Faculty of Engineering of the Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) has developed to shape the future of learning and teaching of propaedeutic skills in the field of mathematics as a central basis of engineering subjects and to inspire pupils and young people for engineering studies. Since 2020, the Faculty of Engineering has developed a three-tier, structured voluntary program that is attended by several thousand pupils and freshmen per year: 1. Summer review courses in mathematics for pupils after the 10th and 11th school year during the summer holidays in accordance with the Bavarian school curriculum 2. School leaving exam preparation courses in mathematics shortly before the university-entrance diploma acquired at a secondary school in Germany, the socalled "Abitur" 3. Math review courses for freshmen. The methodological approach of the article lies in the presentation of the educational measures and in the analysis of the results of systematic student evaluations. This leads to generalizable, transferable recommendations for the future design of such large-scale measures for universities, derived from answering the proposed research questions and evaluation results
Evolution of guided activities in the teaching of analog electronics in bachelor’s degree in industrial and automatic electronics engineering to increase the students’ motivation
Authors: Martínez García Herminio , García Vílchez Encarnación
Published: March 2023

Within the offer of core courses of the Bachelor’s Degree in Industrial Electronics and Automation Engineering of the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), which appeared as a result of the current undergraduate study program, within the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), there is a course, Analog Electronics (EAEIA), which allows the Electronic Engineering student to delve into the knowledge of this content. This paper exposes the philosophy of this course, in such a way that it analyzes the orientation that is intended to be given, especially within the new framework of courses offered at the EEBE where, in addition to the hours of lectures and laboratory sessions, there must be room for to the guided activities (GAs) that the current syllabus contemplates.
CULTURE OF CANCELLATION AS A TOOL OF IMPACT IN MODERN QMS
Authors: Хубецов Станислав Игоревич
Published: March 2023

Культура отмены - стремительно развивающийся феномен, в рамках которого лицо или бренд становится жертвой общественного порицания. В статье обозревается понятие «культура отмены» и его влияние на западное общество, а также тенденции его деформации. В качестве метода работы был использован контент-анализ, основанный на средствах массовой коммуникации, таких, как социальная сеть Twitter.

Cancel culture is a rapidly evolving phenomenon in which a person or brand becomes the victim of public blaming. The article reviews the concept of "cancellation culture" and its impact on Western society, as well as trends in its deformation. As a method of work, content analysis based on QMS, such as the social network Twitter, was used.
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AS A RESEARCH TOOL FOR STUDYING THE C-TERMINAL DOMAIN OF BACILLUS CEREUS HEMOLYSIN II
Authors: Замятина Анна Валерьевна , Руденко Наталья Васильевна , Нагель Алексей Сергеевич , Иванова Татьяна Дмитриевна , Каратовская Анна Петровна
Published: March 2023

Статья посвящена изучению С-терминального домена гемолизина II, основного вирулентного фактора условно-патогенной бактерии Bacillus cereus. Работа выполнена на стыке наук: иммунохимии, белковой химии и токсикологии. Показано, что С-терминальный домен способен связываться с мембранами эритроцитов и играет существенную роль в функционировании токсина.

The article is devoted to the study of the C-terminal domain of hemolysin II, the main virulence factor of the opportunistic bacterium Bacillus cereus. The work was done at the intersection of sciences: immunochemistry, protein chemistry and toxicology. It has been shown that the C-terminal domain is able to bind to erythrocyte membranes and plays an essential role in the functioning of the toxin.
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ И ТЕХНИЧЕСКАЯ ЦЕЛЕСООБРАЗНОСТЬ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ГОРИЗОНТАЛЬНОГО БУРЕНИЯ СКВАЖИН
Authors: Оразмухамедов Довлет Ягмырович , Деряев Аннагулы Реджепович
Published: March 2023

В статье рассмотрен опыт бурения в Туркменистане наклонно-направленной эксплуатационно-оценочной скважины с целью восстановления добычи нефти из бездействующего месторождения в береговых зонах прибрежной акватории Каспия. Данная работа может быть использована и полезна для освоения месторождений в трудно осваиваемых морских мелководьях и сокращения затрат в процессе их бурения, а также повышения объема добываемой нефти в целях разработки месторождения ускоренным способом, без повышения коэффициента нефтеотдачи.
Overdetermination and Causal Closure: A Defense of the Causal Argument for Physicalism
Authors: Ney Alyssa ,   ProtoSociology Project
Published: March 2023

Among the arguments that have been proposed for physicalism, the “causal argument” is widely taken to be the most compelling. Justin Tiehen (2015) has raised an interesting objection to this argument that takes the form of a dilemma. Tiehen’s ultimate conclusion is that at best, the causal argument is circular and so its premises cannot provide support for its conclusion, physicalism. The aim of the present paper is to respond to Tiehen’s objection in order to provide a defense of the causal argument.
Willpower and Well-Being
Authors: Coren Daniel ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2023

How is willpower possible? Which desires are relevant to well-being? Despite a surge of interest in both questions, recent philosophical discussions have not connected them. I connect them here. In particular, the puzzle of synchronic self-control says that synchronic self-control requires a contradiction, namely, wanting not to do what we most want to do. Three responses have been developed: Sripada’s divided mind view, Mele’s motivational shift thesis, and Kennett and Smith’s non-actional approach. These responses do not incorporate distinctions from desire-satisfaction theories of well-being. I argue that distinguishing between behavioural desires and genuine-attraction desires disarms one objection to synchronic self-control. Conversely, disarming that objection salvages an axiologically crucial claim in recent versions of desire-satisfaction theory.
Prevalence of Missed Opportunities for Immunization and Associated Factors in Urban and Rural Areas of Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Esimai Olapeju , Ogum Emmanuel , Olodu Monday
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The study determined and compared the prevalence of missed opportunities for immunization among children aged 12-23months in urban and rural areas of southwest, Nigeria. The study identified and compared the associated factors (cultural, religious, ethnic, political and economic).

Methodology: This cross -sectional study was carried out among mothers of children aged 12-23 months, community and opinion leaders in urban and rural areas of southwest, Nigeria. The data was collected using semi structured questionnaire, focus group discussion and in-depth interview guides.

Findings: The prevalence for missed opportunities for immunization was 9.6% with 11.8% in urban as compared with 7.5% in rural areas. The dose specific prevalence of missed opportunities for immunization in rural areas was highest for BCG, HBV0 and OPV0 but lowest for BCG and OPV0 in urban areas. The reasons given in both areas were non-availability of vaccines, long wait time, unscheduled visits, child brought to facility ill but not vaccinated, and distance from the facilities. After controlling for confounders, child factors (age of the child, place of delivery), socio-economic characteristics (mothers and fathers educational and occupational status) were significantly associated with missed opportunities for immunization. Most of the participants of the qualitative survey believed immunization is important as it prevents children from diseases. There were divergent views in both areas on traditions, cultures, and customs as associated factors for missed opportunities for immunization.  Government is involved in immunization as reported by participants in both areas.

Conclusion: The study concluded that missed opportunities for immunization is prevalent in both areas and reasons were non-availability of vaccine, unscheduled visits, long wait time and distance from facilities. Parent socioeconomic characteristics, child’s age, place of delivery and mothers receiving immunization messages were the factors associated with missed opportunities for immunization.

Recommendation: There is a need for improvement of quality of interventions and advocacy to the government for continual support for immunization to reduce missed opportunities for immunization.
Pigments of Heritiera fomes seedlings under different salinity conditions: perspective sea level rise
Authors: Mitra A. , Banerjee K.
Published: March 2023

Heritiera fomes (commonly known as Sundari in India and Bangladesh) is gradually getting extinct from high saline pockets of lower Gangetic plain. Hydroponically grown seedlings of the species were analyzed for Chl a, Chl b, total chlorophyll, Chl a:b ratio and carotenoid at five different salinity levels (2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 psu). The concentrations of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments exhibited significant negative correlations with salinity (p < 0.01). The total chlorophyll expressed, on unit fresh wt. basis decreased by 63.39% to 73.33% and in case of carotenoid the decrease was from 27.78% to 36.84% with the increase of salinity from 2 to 20 psu. The Chl a:b ratio in the plant remained almost constant through out the period of investigation. The results show that Heritiera fomes of Indian Sundarbans region can be sustained and propagated under low saline environment. At 15 psu, the plants become acclimated in one to two weeks, but at 20 psu the seedlings could not survive. The study is important as rising salinity is experienced in central Indian Sundarbans of lower Gangetic plain due to sea level rise and obstruction of freshwater flow from Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly channel as a result of heavy siltation.
Temporal and spatial variations for petroleum hydrocarbons in water and sediments from Northern parts of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq
Authors: Al-Imarah F.J.M. , Ali S.A. , Ali A.A.
Published: March 2023

Regional and temporal distribution of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH's) and percent Total Organic Carbon (TOC %) were investigated in water and sediments from 5 stations along Shatt Al-Arab river (1-Qurnah, 2-Shafi, 3-Deer, 4-Nihran Omer and 5-Sinbad close to expected sources of pollution by petroleum hydrocarbons. Measured TPH's in the dissolved phase of water were ranged between 5.10 ng/l in station 3 and 9.48 ng/l in station 5 comparable to Basrah light crude oil. In the sediments levels of PHC's ranged between 7.37 mg/l in station 3 and 24.41 mg/l in station 5.Seasonal variations in TPH's in waters and sediments were found as lower concentrations 2.65–4.20 and 3.15–10.36 mg/l respectively during summer, while higher concentration recorded during winter were found to be 7.86–15.60 µg/l in water and 13.52–45.21 mg/g in sediments. % TOC measured in the sediments were ranged from 0.50 % to 0.81 % in stations 2 and 5 respectively. Strong positive correlations were found between TPH's and TOC for all stations with correlation coefficient (r = 0.93).
Geotechnical properties of some tidal flat sediments of Khor-Abdullah coast, southern Iraq
Authors: Muttashar W.R. , Al-Tai M.A. , Al-Amari F.K. , Ali A.H.
Published: March 2023

This research involves geotechnical studies for some tidal flat sediments of Khor-Abdulla coast in the southern Basra city. This area has an important strategic location in future, the Iraqi Government intending to establish large engineering projects such as a big Basrah port. Sediment samples have been taken at a depth of 1.25 m to study the physical, chemical, and engineering properties of this region’s sediment. The investigation results reveal that its average high natural moisture was 37.5 %, Liquid Limit LL 45.5 %, Plastic Limit PL 26.5 %, Plasticity Index PI 19%. Hence, these sediments show high clay percentages (85-65%). It can be classified as Silty Clay sediments with low plasticity. Engineering tests resulted in average Compression Strength of 206 kN/m2, Max. dry density 1.63 g/cm3 while consolidation coefficient 0.15 m2/year, consolidation index (0.28) with initial consolidation 35.5 kN/m2, and swelling index 0.071. These factors indicate a week sediment with low plasticity. Chemical tests results reveal high concentrations of sulfates chlorides, and organic matters. TDS were 30666 mg/l, CaCO3 41 mg/l, sulfate 2987 mg/l, Mg 600 mg/l, Ca 46.6 mg/l, and chlorides 1334.2 mg/l. while EC 44.5 mmhos/cm, pH 7.7.
Determination of phosphate levels in the southern part of Al-Hammar marsh water by flow injection analysis
Authors: Al-Sowdani K.H. , Al-Jorany Y.S.
Published: March 2023

Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) was applied to determine phosphate concentration in water of the southern part of Al-Hammar marsh water from July 2007 to July 2008. A linear line was obtained over the range 0.25- 1.75 μg/ml of phosphate with regression coefficient for seven points is 0.9999. The detection limit was 0.075 μg/ml with % R.S.D for ten replicate analysis of 1.0 μg/ml phosphate is 0.511% and the dispersion coefficient in the flow system is 5.4. The samples can be analyzed at rates exceeding 72 sample per hour .It was noted that phosphate concentration ranged 0.295 - 1.450 μg/ml, whereas the maximum phosphate concentration was recorded in spring 2008 and the minimum in autumn 2008.
Bioaccumulation Pattern of Heavy Metals in the Shrimps of the lower stretch of the River Ganga
Authors: Mitra A. , Banerjee K. , Ghosh R. , Ray S.K.
Published: March 2023

Rapid industrialization and urbanization have contaminated the riverine and estuarine ecosystems to a great extent. To evaluate such kind of contamination, we undertook a research programme to analyze the concentrations of zinc, copper, lead and cadmium in muscle tissue of five commonly edible shrimp species, namely Penaeus monodon, Penaeus indicus, Penaeus semisulcatus, Penaeus marguensis and Metapenaeus brevicornis collected from the lower stretch of the River Ganga (in the Sundarbans delta complex). The heavy metals in tissue samples were estimated using a Perkin-Elmer Sciex ELAN 5000 ICP mass spectrometer. Concentrations in shrimp species ranged as follows: Zn: 4.11 ± 0.13 – 353.45 ± 2.98; Cu: 3.43 ± 0.10– 140.49 ± 1.81; Pb: BDL - 8.21 ± 0.63 and Cd: BDL – 3.66 ± 0.12 mg kg-1 dry weight. Irrespective of species, heavy metals accumulated in the shrimp muscle in the order Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. The concentration of heavy metals in the tissues varied significantly depending upon the locations from where the species were collected. Although the concentration of selected heavy metals were within the normal range in all stations, but at station 1 (Nayachar Island) the metal level has exceeded in the muscle of shrimp species as a food source for human consumption. The shrimp samples were collected from different locations of lower Gangetic region with different degree of industrial and anthropogenic activities and station 1 is exposed to maximum stress (in terms of pollution) from the adjacent port-cum-industrial zone of Haldia and industrial discharge of multifarious industries situated in and around the city of Calcutta (upstream to station 1) along the bank of the River Ganga.
Occurrence of the chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (H. Milne Edwards) in South Iraq
Authors: Hashim A.A.
Published: March 2023

The distribution of the invasive Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis in Shatt Al-Basrah Canal and Shatt Al-Arab River was investigated. The earlier published record of this species was in 2006 where only a single specimen was obtained from Shatt Al-Basrah Canal, but the species has long been observed in the region. The present work monitored the recent occurrence of the species where living and non living specimens were captured in large numbers. Although the species migrate to the sea for reproduction, it was not yet recorded from the North West Arabian Gulf region. Detailed description of the captured crabs is provided. Carapace width ranged from 53.4 to 56.6 mm and carapace length ranged from 56 to 62.4 mm. Recent rise in salinity or the change in water chemistry of south Iraq may play vital role in increasing the population of the mitten crab.
New records of two species of oligochaetes (Naididae): Pristina longiseta and P. macrochaeta from Iraq, with notes on their morphology and reproduction
Authors: Al-Abbad M.Y.M. , Al-Mayah S.H.
Published: March 2023

Individuals of the two species of oligochaetes: Pristina longiseta and P. macrochaeta were identified from samples of bryophyta from shallow water areas at Al-Assafia creek which is connected to Shatt Al-Arab River. This is the first report of the two species in Iraq. The characteristic features of the two species were studied, the first important of these is the presence of dorsal setae, from the second segment in P. longiseta and from the fourth segment in P. macrochaeta. The setae of the third segment in P. longiseta are longer than the others and called giant setae. There is a conspicuous Prostomium which extends to form proboscis. Reproduction is by transverse fission which is called Paratomy.
A quantitative analysis of transverse river profiles and its applications for morphotectonics: A case studying Shatt Al-Arab River, Southern Iraq
Authors: Al-Mayahi D.S.B.
Published: March 2023

The present study discussed the quantitative analysis of Transverse River Profile (TRP) on Shatt Al-Arab channel, by deriving several TRP parameters that can be easily quantifiable and comparable. These parameters are useful to detect the morphotectonic indicators of Shatt Al-Arab basin. Five cross sectional profiles were considered from the previous bathymetrical surveys of Shatt Al-Arab channel starting from Qurna (upstream) at the confluence of Tigris and Euphrates rivers towards Fao (downstream). The results illustrated the main rate of controlling the tectonic activity along the river channel by forming of islands bar at the middle of main river course and increasing in its meanders. The applied analytical technique also efficient in detecting the neotectonic activities for subsurface structures and their effects on deflecting and meanders of the river basin.
Bulid-up a flow injection analysis unit for ammonium determination in the Shatt Al-Arab water
Authors: Al-Jorany Y.S.J. , Al-Sowdani K.H. , Mizhir A.A.
Published: March 2023

A Semi- automated flow injection analysis (FIA) unit was build-up for determination of ammonium ion in water samples from the Shatt Al-Arab River during the period from October 2009 to September 2010. The ammonium concentrations in water have been measured, at each of the eight stations (Qurnah (Tigres), Qurnah (Euphrates), Saad Bridge, Garmat Ali, Ashar, Abu Al-Khaseeb, Al-Seeba and Fao), monthly. The results indicated that (NH4+) concentrations increasing during May, June and July, 2010 especially in stations 5 and 6 were 0.95, 1.35 µg/ml , 1.30, 1.25 µg/ml and 1.45, 1.40 µg/ml, respectively. The FIA unit was applied successfully for the determination of ammonium in Shatt Al-Arab water sample and provide simple, fast, and reproducible methods for ammonium determination in water.
Practice and Economics of Freshwater Prawn Farming in Seasonally Saline Rice Field in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasanuzzaman A.F.Md. , Rahman M.A. , Islam S.S.
Published: March 2023

This paper evaluates the production pattern and economics of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farming in seasonally saline rice fields in Bangladesh. The reconnaissance survey was conducted on 30 rice-prawn ghers (RPG) in south-west region of Bangladesh. The farmers were found to use their rice fields for farming prawn and rice (aman) concurrently from April/May to January, and for only rice (boro) from January to April. In the RPG farming system, farmers use rain water during wet season, and underground water with salinity of 1-5 ‰ during dry season. The average production of prawn, aman, and boro was recorded as 439.79±90.46, 3155.48±397.33, 4778.54±389.37 kg/ha/yr, respectively. The economic analysis show potentially good return, and the net return and benefit-cost ratio were US$ 1078.35 and 1.25, respectively. The payback period was determined as 9.37 years. The study implies that the culture of prawn in seasonally saline paddy field is economically viable.
Environmental functions of the Teknaf Peninsula mangroves of Bangladesh to communicate the values of goods and services
Authors: Chowdhury M.Sh.N. , Hossain M.S. , Mitra A. , Barua P.
Published: March 2023

Mangroves are highly productive wetland ecosystems and extremely important coastal resources providing a variety of environmental goods and services, which are vital to our socio-economic development. To evaluate the role of mangroves, a total of 75 semi-structured interviews were conducted with coastal community, resource user, government official, NGO personnel, researchers, and private entrepreneur to gather primary and secondary information. Results indicated that in the past 30 years there has been planted about 1,460 ha of euryhaline mangroves under different management regimes. Teknaf peninsula mangrove influenced two key variables viz., productivity and physical structure which direct other ecological processes. The variable ‘productivity’ provide suitable habitat for nursery, growth, migration through recycling waste and nutrients. The respondents identified 13 mangrove resource user groups in Teknaf peninsula which shows high dependency to mangroves goods. The catch of finfishes, shrimps and prawns, crabs, molluscs, etc. from the mangroves area contributes value to the small-scale fisheries. The knowledge gained from the information content of the Teknaf peninsula mangroves ecosystem contributes value to scientific and educational community. In particular, it means that environmental goods and services provided by the Teknaf peninsula mangroves are rarely produced independently and the multiple interdependencies involved in providing such environmental supports.
First record of Derogenes varicus and Dinurus scombri (Digenea: Hemiurata) from Red Sea fishes, Yemen
Authors: Al-Zubaidy A.B. , Mhaisen F.T.
Published: March 2023

Two widely distributed and economically important food fish in the Red Sea were investigated. A total of 101 specimens of Epinephelus tauvina and 120 Abalistes stellatus were collected from Al-Mehwat local fish market, Hodeidah City, Yemen, between October 2009 and April 2010 and examined for their parasites. Two digenean species of the suborder Hemiurata, namely Derogenes varicus (Müller, 1784) and Dinurus scombri Yamaguti, 1934, were found in these fishes. The former parasite occurred in 15% of A. stellatus and 4% of E. tauvina and its mean intensity of infection was 4.2 and 3.5, respectively while the abundance was 15 and 4, respectively. The latter parasite occurred only in 1% of E. tauvina, with a mean intensity of 2 and an abundance of 0.02. The present study represents the first record of these two parasite species in Yemeni waters of the Red Sea. In addition, E. tauvina now represents a new host for D. scombri.
Uptake and depuration of water-soluble fractions (WSF) of crude oil by the bivalve Corbicula fluminea (Müller) from Shatt Al-Arab river
Authors: Al-Saad H.T. , Farid W.A. , Al-Adhub A.Y.
Published: March 2023

This study includes laboratory uptake and depuration experiments. The bivalve C. fluminea is exposed to 5ml of WSF of Nahran–Umar crude oil for each liter of river water for 48 hours in the static toxicity test system. The exposure water and animals are periodically taken for analysis of total hydrocarbons concentrations by spectroflurometer. After the exposure period is over, the bivalve transferred to clean river water for depuration period of 48 hours. The experiments show that there are no mortalities due to WSF of Nahran–Umar crude oil. The bivalve is usually active during the 12–16 hours of the experiments. Hydrocarbons concentrations in the exposure water decreased are slowly in a linear fashion so that no measurable concentrations remained after 32 hours. Hydrocarbons accumulated by the bivalve are slowly during the first few hours of exposure. After 2 hours of exposure, the concentration of hydrocarbons is approximately 0.38 ppm in water, while in tissues it is 4.8 ppm. After 20 hours, hydrocarbons are present in water at a concentration of 0.09ppm, while the bivalve tissues contained 17.7 ppm hydrocarbons. After 25 hours of exposure, the hydrocarbons concentration decreased in the bivalve tissues. At the end of the exposure period, the bivalve contains approximately 7.4 ppm. After 48 hours in clean river water, tissues burden decreased to 0.22 ppm of hydrocarbons. The bivalve remained contaminated with small concentrations of hydrocarbons for 20 days. The complete depuration occurred at 26 days.
Small-scale Fishermen along the Naaf River, Bangladesh in Crisis: A framework for management
Authors: Chowdhury M.S.N. , Hossain M.S. , Das N.G. , Barua P.
Published: March 2023

Fishing is the most important traditional economic activity of the coastal communities in Bangladesh due to the availability of the diverse fishery resources. The Naaf River estuary is one of the large estuaries in Bangladesh coast, which plays a significant role in the socioeconomic condition of local community and considered as a major source of income through small-scale fishing. This paper highlights d the chronic problems and relative actions through sustainable management of small-scale fishermen of Naaf river. Community based participatory approach (PRA/RRA) was used for semi-structured questionnaire interviews of 120 small-scale fishermen from the three fishing communities soliciting information on their activities, financial flows and the main problems confronting their enterprise. Furthermore, 24 focus group discussions were arranged with different stakeholders to collect data on the organization and management of small-scale fishing as well as to get their opinions on the problems, causes and their consequences. The present study revealed that local communities in Teknaf coast are highly dependent on fisheries resources of the Naaf River. Major problems identified within the fishing community were high dependency to fishery resources, annual catch reduction, catch price fluctuation, by catch discard, lack of processing and preservation facilities, credit facilities, and training supports resulting in a disorganized fishing community with poor economic return. To ensure the sustainability, the fisheries sector need to overcome these increasing problems through management plan focusing on optimum fishery resources exploitation taking into account the top down and bottom up views of different stakeholders, “Community Based Fisheries Co-management” framework has formulated for long term sustainability and livelihood security of local community. This will go along way to help sustain the coastal fisheries resources with active participation of the fishermen.
Induced breeding, embryonic and larval development of Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Khulna, Bangladesh
Authors: Ghosh A.K. , Biswas S. , Sarder L. , Sabbir W. , Rahaman S.M.B.
Published: March 2023

The aim of the present study was to perform induced breeding and to observe embryonic and larval development stages in different seasons for mature male and female Koi carp, Cyprinus carpio, was done by administering the synthetic hormone ovaprim, in a single dose for males and a double dose for females at 0.4-1.0 ml/kg body weight via an intramuscular injection. Spawning occurred between 5-6 hrs after the 2nd injection in summer (April) at a temperature of 26-29 oC and 17-20 0C in winter (December). Using doses of 0.4ml/kg, 0.7ml/kg and 1.0 ml/kg of ovaprim, the fertilization rate of eggs were obtained at 42.31%, 54.55% and 61.82 % in summer and 26.92%, 38.00% and 39.23 % in winter. Hatching rates were 42.78%, 44.60% and 55.00 % in the summer season and 30.22%, 31.01% and 31.67 % in the winter season with the same doses of ovaprim. The fertilized eggs were adhesive, transparent, and spherical with diameters ranging between 0.8 mm and 1.0 mm and yellowish white in color. Due to a positive response to the hormone Ovaprim, considerable fertilization and hatching rate, short embryonic period and larval development, it is possible to conduct a successful breeding program of this species commercially
A record of two species of Acanthocephala (Echinorhynchida: Rhadinorhynchidae) from Red Sea fishes, Yemeni coastal waters
Authors: Al-Zubaidy A.B. , Mhaisen F.T.
Published: March 2023

A total of 198 specimens belonging to four fish species (Thunnus tonggol, Sphyraena barracuda, Pomadasys argenteus and Lutjanus gibbus) were purchased from Al-Mehwat fish market, Hodeidah, Yemen and inspected for acanthocephalan infections. Two acanthocephalans were detected. Juveniles of Serrasentis sagittifer were recovered from the intestine, pyloric caeca, body cavity, mesenteries and some internal organs of the above- named fishes with prevalence of 11.7%, 11.9%, 24% and 4.4%, respectively and a mean intensity of 3.3, 2.2, 5 and 2, respectively. Generally, male fishes showed higher values of infection in comparison with female fishes. Encysted juveniles of Gorgorhynchus sp. were recovered from the intestinal mesenteries of T. tonggol only with a prevalence of 3.3% and intensity of 2.5. The occurrence of the above-named acanthocephalans represents their first record from the Yemeni fishes of the Red Sea
Comparative study of physico-chemical properties of soil according to the age of aquaculture pond of Bangladesh
Authors: Siddique M.A.M. , Barua P. , Ghani M.H.
Published: March 2023

Soil quality is an important factor in fish pond productivity as it controls pond bottom stability, pH of overlying water and concentrations of plant nutrients required for the growth of phytoplankton. A satisfactory site for constructing fishponds is that where the soil is very deep with neutral pH, weather infiltration is very low; mineralization of organic matter takes place rapidly. The present study was carried out to assess different soil parameters in different aged ponds and to find out the relationship between different aged ponds with different bottom soil parameters. Three groups of ponds (1-5 years, 6-10 years and above 10 years) were analyzed. There was no significant change of soil pH among different aged ponds. Significant variations were observed in textural compositions of different aged group pond’s soil. Mean percentages of clay and silt were found to be increasing with the increase of pond’s age. Amount of organic matter and organic carbon also increased sharply with the increasing of pond’s age. No significant variation were found from different aged group ponds for soil pH but the amount of organic matter, organic carbon, silt and clay were significantly increased with the increasing of pond age that may deteriorate the quality of pond’s bottom soil.
Soil mycoflora of Thi-Qar marshes and their enzymatic activities
Authors: Al-Duboon A.H.A. , Mashhad M.H.
Published: March 2023

A survey on soil mycoflora in Thi-Qar marshes have been studied. A total of 22 fungal species belonging to 13 genera were isolated and identified. The average of the total fungal colony count ranged between 1550-4150 colonies/gm of soil. Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Stachybotrys and Phoma were of the mostly occurred genera in soil samples constituting 98.67%, 82.67%, 69.33%, 57.0% and 52.0%, respectively, and the mostly occurred species were; A. terreus, A. flavus, C. cladosporioides and S. atra; constituting 74.67%, 69.33%, 69.33% and 57%, respectively. Nine fungal species: Alternaria chlamydospora, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. terreus, Bipolaris spicifera, Fusarium oxysporum, Exserohilum rostratum, Trichoderma viride and Ulocladium botrytis were identified to produce the four investigated enzymes: cellulase, amylase, lipase and protease. All the tested isolates were identified as cellulase and amylase producers, A. candidus, A. flavus, B. spicifera and C. cladosporioides were an excellent producer of cellulase, while A. terreus, Stachybotrys atra and T. viride were the most active amylase producers. A. flavus, F. oxysporum and U. atrum showed the highest lipase production. The higher activity of protease was produced by A. candidus, A. flavus and T. viride.
Detection of subsurface layers by Sub Bottom Profiling (SBP) of cross section of Shatt Al-Arab River at Al-Rebat branch, Basrah, southern Iraq
Authors: Muttashar W.R. , Al-Mosawi W.M. , Al-Aesawi Q.M. , Abas N.S.
Published: March 2023

Two types of the subsurface layers were investigated by two Boreholes on the two banks of the Shatt Al Arab River near the old Al-Rebat port at Basrah city. Sub Bottom Profiling along the River section has also been investigated. The boring was carried out in two sides of Shatt Al-Arab at Al-Ashar and Al-Tanuma sides at Al-Rebat square. Marine geophysical investigations were made including Sub Bottom profile technique (SBP) using the Strata Box instrument. Besides, Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) technique was used along a 400 m section for determining the cross section of the River. the Boring Log Data of two Boreholes have been represented depending on SPT Values as the bearing Strength of subsoil layers profiles, which is matching with the sedimentary layers resulting from the seismic profiles for obtaining the geotechnical model of subsurface layers along cross section of the River. High bearing capacity layer is very dense sandy layer which appears at -22m of the elevation on sea level and extends to -29 m in left bank of the River. This layer is old deposits belonging to Dibdiba deposits (upper Miocene-Pleistocene).
Levels of oil residues in some coastal lagoons, East of Libya
Authors: Al-Asadi M.K.K.
Published: March 2023

Four Coastal lagoons, namely Bomba, Katayta, Bardia and Um El-Shawish located in the eastern part of Libya investigated seasonally for oil pollution throughout the period from July 1998 to April 1999 at five stations. The lowest level of oil pollution was observed in summer while the highest level was observed in spring. There was an evidence of seasonal variation which is attributed to the environmental conditions prevailing in the specific ecosystem. Spectroflourometeric method have been adopted to measure the total concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons TPHs .Levels of TPHs ranged from 3.33 µg/l in summer to 27.91 µg/l in spring, in Bomba Gulf, in Katayta ranged, from 4.09 µg/l in summer to 27.09 µg/l in spring, from 3.50 µg/l in summer to 28.48 µg/l in spring in port Bardia, from 6.33 µg/l in autumn to 10.93 µg/l in winter, in Um El-Shawish Inlet. It was suggested that 10 µg/l indicate contamination of marine life with oil.
Some biological aspects of the swimming crab Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Decapoda: Portunidae) in NW Arabian Gulf
Authors: Abdul-Sahib I.M.
Published: March 2023

The blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1766) was collected from Al-Fao region, southern Iraq. The carapace width for the adult males, was ranging between 80.15 and 120.34 mm, and for the adult females was ranging between 60.1 and 100.69 mm. The carapace length for the adult males ranged between 40.03 and 50.93 mm, while those of the adult females were 30.84-50.14 mm. The chelae length ranged between 50.21 and 90.06 mm and between 40.77 and 60.57 mm for males and females, respectively.
Systematic and ecological study of recent Ostracoda from Al-Faw town, south of Iraq
Authors: Al-Meshleb N.F.
Published: March 2023

Three boreholes were taken from Al-Faw town, Basrah, South Iraq; at a depth of about 29m, from an area in the flood plain of Shatt Al-Arab River. The cores were constituted essentially of silty clay and clayey silt which predominates the recent sediments. They are characterized by gray dark thin layer of silty clay between 16-17 m. The results indicated the disappearance of fossils in this thin layer due to the absence of water circulation. Twenty-six species of Ostracoda were identified, twelve taxa were recorded for the first time in the study area, these are Macrocyprina decora, Candona magnacauda, Cytherelloidea pracipua, Aurila cf. sp., Loxoconcha certinata, Loxocorniculum cf. sp., L. lilljeborg, Stigymatocythere indica, Neocytheromorpha reticulata, Cypridopsis sp., Cyprideis sp., Hemicytheridea sp., Krith sp. as well as three eco-facies: Fresh water, brackish water and shallow marine Ostracoda.
Ecological indices of key biological groups in Southern Iraqi marshland during 2005-2007
Authors: Hussain N.A. , Ali A.H. , Lazem L.F.
Published: March 2023

Yearly values of ecological indices were calculated for several key biological groups include macrophytes, macroinvertbrates, fishes and waterfowls during the period 2005-2007 in Huwaiza, West Hammar and East Hammar marshes in Southern Iraq. Ecological indices increase for the studied key biological groups in 2006 in the three monitored marshes in comparison with that of 2005. Ecological indices of macrophytes and waterfowls assemblages increase steadly from 2005 towards 2007. On the contrary macroinvertebrates and fishes suffer severe decline in 2007 mainly due to reduced water level. Continuous improvement in ecological indices of macrophytes and waterfowls in two of the restored marshes indicated that reduced water level was less harsh to them than to the other two groups. In spite of the slow recovery in ecological indices in the monitored marshes, diversity and richness values fluctuated between poor to moderate status and semi-integrated to disturbed, respectively. Cases of poor status and disturbed were more common and limited good ones were noticed. Most evenness values indicated absence of dominance cases, except two below the acceptable limit (0.5) were scored both were during 2007. What is clear is that the yearly hydrological period plays a major role in manipulating the biodiversity and repercussion ecological indices in the Southern restored marshes. Lower values of ecological indices indicated that the environment of Southern marshes still disturbed and need more time and care to be fully restored.
Occurrence of five nematode species from some Red Sea fishes, Yemen
Authors: Al-Zubaidy A.B. , Mhaisen F.T. , Abker M.A.M.
Published: March 2023

Between September 2010 and May 2011, a total of 228 specimens belonging to 11 different species of marine fishes were collected from Al-Mehwat fish market at Hodeidah city, Yemen, to be investigated for nematode infections. Five species of nematodes, belonging to three families, were detected. These were the adult form of Cucullanus bourdini Petter and Le Bel, 1992 and the third larval stages of Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809), Terranova sp., Hysterothylacium sp. and Echinocephalus overstreeti Deardorff & Ko, 1983. C. bourdini was recorded from three fish species, A. simplex from all the eleven examined fish species, Hysterothylacium sp. from eight fish species, while both Terranova sp. and E. overstreeti were recorded from one fish species only. Adult nematodes were detected from fish intestine, while the larval parasites were detected from fish body cavity, mesenteries, stomach, intestine, liver, spleen, gonads and kidneys. For each parasite species, the prevalence, mean intensity and abundance were calculated for each infected host species. C. bourdini, Terranova sp. and Hysterothylacium sp. are recorded here for the first time from the Red Sea fishes of Yemen, while A. simplex and E. overstreeti were previously reported from some Red Sea fishes of Yemen. Among these five parasites, both A. simplex and Hysterothylacium sp. are known to have zoonotic importance
Assessment of hydrocarbons and trace metals pollution in water and sediments of the Fertilizer Plant wastes in Khor Al-Zubair, Iraq
Authors: Sultan A.W.A. , Alhello A.A. , Aribi M.A. , Al-Saad H.T.
Published: March 2023

The levels of petroleum hydrocarbons and trace elements were determined in water and sediment samples from the Fertilizer Plant in Khor Al-Zubair, southern Iraq, from three selected locations; ammonia unit, urea unit and water treatment plant. The mean concentrations of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) in the water were 81.07 µg/l at ammonia unit, 153.69 µg/l at urea unit and 8.89 µg/l at water treatment plant. The mean values of TPHs in the sediment were 129.46µg/g at ammonia unit, 406.68 µg/g at urea unit and 48.97µg/g at water treatment plant. The range of trace metals concentrations (mg/l) for water samples were 480.13-620.12 for Fe, 280.23-400.26 for Mn, 3.28-10.23 for Cu, 18.23-31.28 for Zn, 3.26-9.23 for Pb, 0.23-1.05 for Cd and 6.25-10.21 for Co. The range of these measured metals concentrations in µg/g for sediment samples were 632.18-980.45 for Fe, 280.23-400.26 for Mn, 9.26-16.53 for Cu, 30.12-51.24 for Zn, 23.41-30.23 for Pb, 0.62-1.52 for Cd and 20.21-32.42 for Co. The results have been compared to other international and local values. The geochemical index values for studied metals excluded Fe and Cd in the sediments of the three stations exhibited class 2 and hence are moderately polluted. Station (2) was the highest in the geochemical index. All the sampling locations have an enrichment factors values greater than 5 except location (1) for Cd and location (3) for Zn. The sediments from the studied locations fall under the category of low for Fe, moderate for Zn and Cd expect location (2) which showed a contamination factor (CF) of 4, marginally falls under considerable degree of contamination and considerable to very high contamination for the rest metals. All sediment samples with pollution index greater than 1 showed pollution caused by industrial processes of Fertilizer Plant.
A record of four monopisthocotylean monogeneans on gills of three fish species from the Yemeni coastal water of the Red Sea
Authors: Al-Zubaidy A.B.
Published: March 2023

A total of 210 fish specimens belonging to three species from the Red Sea, Yemeni coastal waters were examined for the infection with monopisthocotylean monogeneans during the period from October 2009 till May 2010. The results showed the occurrence of four species of monogeneans. These were Pseudolamellodiscus sphyraenae from Sphyraena barracuda, Cabellaria liewi from Pomadasys argenteus and both Chauhanellus indicus and C. chauhani from Plicofollis dussumieri. The occurrence of these monogeneans represents their first record from the Yemeni fishes of the Red Sea except C. indicus which is reported here for the second time.
Present status of conservation and management of sea turtle in Cox’s Bazar district, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain M.A. , Mahfuj M.S.E. , Rashid S.M.A. , Ahsan M.N.
Published: March 2023

The study was conducted to know the present status of conservation and management of sea turtle in Cox’s Bazar district, Bangladesh. Two species of sea turtles have been making nest in Bangladesh. A total of 251 turtle individuals were found. The highest nesting frequency of Olive ridley (108) and Green turtles (10) were observed in February. About 21,942 hatchlings were produced and released by the hatcheries for conservational step. A total of one hundred people were selected randomly for taking interview to assess their knowledge and attitude towards sea turtle conservation and management. Most of the respondents were fishermen (55%), student and housewife were 20% and 8%, 5% were found involving in business and rest 12% were involved in others activities. About 45% of the respondents thought that turtles were beneficial while other 40% of the respondents thought turtles were harmful. The rest of the respondents (15%) answered that they were not sure whether sea turtle was beneficial or harmful. Most of the fishermen did not know about Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs) or its uses. It was found that the nesting of sea turtles was reducing and there was lack of knowledge among the people of the study area about the importance of sea turtle conservation and management.
Assessment of hydraulic changes due to construction of a barrage in the Shatt Al-Basrah canal using one dimension model (Mike 11)
Authors: Al-Aesawi Q.M.F. , Abdullah S.S. , Al-Jabbari M.H.A.
Published: March 2023

Shatt Al-Basrah is an artificial Canal, started in 1971 and completed in 1983. It was established to reduce flood and drain the excess water during the flood seasons, as a canal alternative to Shatt al-Arab during the Iran-Iraq war. It delivers water to the Zubair area and Al Faw town for agricultural purposes. A deterioration of the water quality of the canal was occurred due to many reasons; most importantly was the close of the canal at the junction of Garmat-Ali which is affected by the semidiurnal rhythm of the Arabian Gulf. There is a regulator located at about 22 km from the head of the canal. The main purpose of the canal is to control water drainage during flood and mitigating the effects on both sides land. In this paper the canal was simulated by the existence of controlled barrage on the water way, closed during the flood tide time and opened at the ebb tide. The simulation results after calibration of the mathematical model with field measurements, matched with high accuracy. The tidal effects on the canal can be determined, and the rehabilitation of the canal and water management in the surrounding areas can be preformed. The results indicate the sensitivity of the mathematical model to predict the measurements of water level, volume of water, flow speed of the current, discharge, downstream and upstream direction of discharge and the effect of tidal range at any point along the canal at the closure and opening of the regulator