bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Annotador: a temporal tagger for Spanish
Authors: Navas-Loro María , Rodríguez-Doncel Víctor
Published: September 2020

Temporal information is crucial in knowledge extraction. Being able to locate events in a timeline is necessary to understand the narrative behind every text. To this aim, several temporal taggers have been proposed in literature –nevertheless, not all languages received the same attention. Most taggers work only for English texts, and not many have been developed for other languages. Also the scarcity of annotated corpora in other languages notably hinders the task. In this paper we present a new rule-based tagger called Annotador (Añotador in Spanish) able to process texts both in Spanish and English. Furthermore, a new corpus with more than 300 short texts containing common temporal expressions, called the HourGlass corpus, has been built in order to test it and to facilitate the development of new resources and tools. Professionals from different domains intervened in the gathering of the text, making it heterogeneous and easy to use thanks to the tags added to each entry. Finally, we analyzed main challenges in the time expression extraction task.
Neural machine translation of Hindi and English
Authors: Bhatnagar Sahil , Chatterjee Niladri
Published: September 2020

Translation has been one of the oldest problems in natural language processing. Despite its age, it is still one where there is a tremendous scope for improvement and creativity; the quantity and quality of research in it is testament to that fact. The subfield of primarily using deep neural networks for translation has recently started to gain traction. Many techniques have been developed using deep encoder-decoder networks for bilingual translation using both parallel as well as non-parallel corpora. There is a lot of potential in applying concepts such as bilingual embeddings to create generic translation architecture, which doesn’t need huge parallel corpora to train. These ideas are particularly pertinent in the case of Indic languages, where it is generally difficult to obtain such corpus. In this paper, we try to adapt some of newest techniques in autoencoder networks and bilingual embeddings to the task of translating between English and Hindi. The models considerably outperform state of the art translating systems for these languages.
Klimakrise und Klassenkampf
Authors: Wissen Markus
Published: September 2020

Der Kapitalismus ist strukturell gleichgültig gegenüber seinen eigenen sozial-ökologischen Voraussetzungen. Folglich haben auch Arbeiter*innen und Ökologiebewegung eine fundamentale Gemeinsamkeit: Ihr Kampf richtet sich gegen die permanente Bedrohung von Arbeitskraft und Natur durch die kapitalistische Verwertungslogik. Die »Familienähnlichkeit« (Alain Lipietz) beider Bewegungen wird jedoch immer wieder von gegensätzlichen Interessen überlagert. Ausgehend von einer kritischen Diskussion ökomarxistischer Debatten diskutiert der Beitrag das widersprüchliche Verhältnis von Arbeiter*innen- und Ökologiebewegung aus einer regulationstheoretischen Perspektive. Er identifiziert die (lebensweltliche) Überlagerung der strukturellen Gemeinsamkeit durch eine fordistische Konsumnorm als Problemkern und sieht in der Gebrauchswertorientierung der Produktion jenen Horizont, vor dem ökologische und Klassenkämpfe in einer sich krisenhaft zuspitzenden Situation konvergieren können.
Microworm Culture for Use in Freshwater Ornamental Aquaculture
Authors: Ramee Shane , Lipscomb Taylor , DiMaggio Matthew
Published: September 2020

A small nematode worm commonly referred to as a “microworm”, has been a staple live feed used in the ornamental aquaculture industry for over 50 years. These worms are small enough to be ingested by the larvae of many commonly cultured ornamental species and their production methods are simple and reliable. Microworms have the potential to provide appropriate nutrition in a live feed organism that is cultured entirely in house and involves less labor and cost than newly hatched Artemia. In this article, the biology, environmental requirements, and culture techniques for microworms are discussed as well as their importance for the larval culture of freshwater fish species.
Meeting with Elected Officials
Authors: Telg Ricky W. , Rampold Shelli
Published: September 2020

This 3-page document is one in a series on communicating with policymakers and elected officials, and discusses strategies for meeting with elected officials. Written by Ricky Telg and Shelli Rampold and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, January 2019. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc318
PEMBINAAN KELOMPOK REMAJA MELALUI EDUKASI & PEER EDUCATORS KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI DI DESA TANJUNG REJO
Authors: Purba Agnes , Kartika Eva , Bancin Dewi R
Published: September 2020

Remaja mempunyai permasalahan yang sangat kompleks seiring dengan masa transisi yang dialaminya. Masalah yang menonjol di masa remaja yaitu permasalahan seksualitas, HIV dan AIDS, Napza, rendahnya pengetahuan remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi dan usia pernikahan yang relatif masih muda. Permasalahan ini muncul sebagai konsekuensi dari rendahnya pendidikan, lingkungan sosial yang tidak baik serta pendidikan seks yang tidak diinformasikan oleh orang terdekat. Pemberian edukasi dan pembentukan peer educator dilakukan sebagai wadah bagi remaja untuk memperoleh lingkungan sosial yang baik mengingat bahwa secara psikologis remaja suka berkumpul dengan teman sebaya. Selain itu kegiatan ini dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi/pendidikan seks dini bagi remaja, pergaulan bebas dan kenakalan remaja.
Perbandingan Efektivitas Antibakteri Moringa oleifera dan Ziziphus mauritiana dengan Ekstrak Etanol 96% terhadap Escherichia Coli
Authors: Sania Eli , Kurniawan Sandy Vitria , Angelina Yohanna
Published: August 2020

Escherichia coli adalah bakteri normal pada pencernaan bagian bawah manusia, namun jika dalam jumlah di atas normal, E. coliakan menimbulkan berbagai penyakit. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan resistensi sehingga diperlukan pengobatan alternatif seperti obat-obatan herbal. Tanaman obat yang sudah banyak dieksplorasi sebagai senyawa antibakterial adalah daun kelor(Moringa oleifera)dan daun bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat perbandingan efektivitas antibakteri Moringa oleifera dan Ziziphus mauritiana dengan pelarut etanol 96% terhadap E.coli.Desain penelitian ini menggunakan studi eksperimental in vitro. Moringa oleifera dan Ziziphus mauritiana diekstrak pada 10 konsentrasi yang berbeda. Metode uji yang digunakan adalah difusi cakram pada agar Mueller-Hinton. Kelompok perlakuan yaitu E. coliATCC 25922, Ciprofloksasin digunakan sebagai kontrol positif dan cakram yang direndam dalam etanol 96% digunakan sebagai kontrol negatif. Rata–rata zona inhibisi ekstrak daun Moringa oleifera adalah 10 mm,sedangkanekstrak daun Ziziphus mauritiana menimbulkan rata–rata zona inhibisi sebesar 14 mm.Rata–rata zona inhibisi dari kontrol positif adalah 33 mm. Kontrol negatif tidak memiliki zona inhibisi. Ekstrak daun Moringa oleifera dapat menginhibisi pertumbuhan bakteri E. coli pada konsentrasi 30% dengan zona inhibisi sebesar 7 mm, dan ekstrak daun Ziziphus mauritianadapat menginhibisi pertumbuhan bakteri E. coli pada konsentrasi 20% dengan zona inhibisi 12 mm. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa Ziziphus mauritiana memiliki kemampuan antibakteri yang lebih efektif daripada Moringa oleifera.
Sifilis Pada Kehamilan
Authors: Darmawan Hari , Purwoko Izazi Hari , Devi Mutia
Published: August 2020

Sifilis adalah penyakit infeksi menular seksual disebabkan bakteri Treponema pallidumdapat ditularkan melalui hubungan seksual, transfusi darah, dan vertikal dari ibu ke janin.  Jika perempuan hamil menderita sifilis dapat terjadi infeksi transplasenta ke janin sehingga menyebabkan keguguran, lahir prematur, berat badan lahir rendah, lahir mati, atau sifilis kongenital. Diagnosis sifilis pada kehamilan ditegakkan berdasaranamnesis,manifestasi klinis, pemeriksaanlaboratorik, danserologik. Skrining pada trimester pertama dengan tes non-treponema seperti rapid plasma reagin(RPR) atau venereal disease research laboratory(VDRL) kombinasi dengan tes treponema seperti treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay(TPHA) merupakan hal penting pada setiap perempuan hamil. Manifestasi klinis sifilis ke janin bergantung pada usia kehamilan dan stadium sifilis maternal serta respons imun janin. Deteksi dini dan terapi adekuat penting untuk mencegah transmisi infeksi sifilis dari ibu ke janin.
The Hubungan Persentase Lemak Tubuh dengan Kejadian Prehipertensi pada Mahasiswa Preklinik
Authors: Aliza Shavela , Mariani
Published: August 2020

Latar Belakang: Prevalensi prehipertensi di Indonesia adalah 48,4%. Salah satu faktor risiko dari prehipertensi adalah obesitas, yang dapat diukur dengan mengukur persentase lemak tubuh. Persentase lemak tubuh yang tinggi akan meningkatkan kadar plasma angiotensinogen, renin, aktivitas angiotensin converting enzyme, dan aldosteron sehingga tekanan darah meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara persentase lemak tubuh dengan kejadian prehipertensi. Metode: Penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan studi potong lintang. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan total 106 responden yang berusia sekitar 17 – 22 tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Agustus hingga September 2019 di Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Atma Jaya. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui pengisian kuesioner demografi, pengukuran tekanan darah dengan menggunakan sphygmomanometer, dan pengukuran persentase lemak tubuh menggunakan bioelectrical impedance analysis. Analisis bivariat hubungan jenis kelamin dengan tekanan darah, hubungan jenis kelamin dengan persentase lemak tubuh, dan hubungan persentase lemak tubuh dengan tekanan darah menggunakan chi-square. Hasil: Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara jenis kelamin dengan tekanan darah (p=0,001), hubungan jenis kelamin dengan persentase lemak tubuh (p=0,000), dan hubungan persentase lemak tubuh dengan tekanan darah (p=0,000) dengan OR=3,992 Kesimpulan: Persentase lemak tubuh yang tinggi merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya prehipertensi.
HUBUNGAN DERAJAT KELAINAN RADIOLOGIK DENGAN DERAJAT NYERI PADA PENDERITA OSTEOARTRITIS SENDI LUTUT DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH KOTA KENDARI
Authors: HN Muh Rustam , Ali Agussalim , Rahma Iis Ainu , Alifariki La Ode
Published: August 2020

Osteoartritik (OA) adalah penyakit degeneratif dengan progresif lambat yang memiliki tanda patologis khas kerusakan sendi akibat perubahan biokimiawi, metabolik, fisiologis, dan patologis. Nyeri adalah keluhan yang umumnya dirasakan oleh penderita osteoartritis dan memiliki derajat yang berbeda pada setiap pasien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini menentukan korelasi antara staging kelainan radiologis dan tingkat nyeri dengan osteoartritik sendi lutut Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Kendari. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. 37 sampel diperoleh melalui total sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman (nilai p <0,05). Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pasien memiliki kelainan radiologis sedang yaitu 12 (32,43%) dan sebagian besar pasien memiliki tingkat nyeri parah yaitu 19 (51,35%). Berdasarkan uji statistik bivariat, diperoleh korelasi positif antara staging kelainan radiologis dan tingkat nyeri dengan osteoartritik sendi lutut dengan p = 0,000 dan r = 0,831. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara staging kelainan radiologis dan tingkat nyeri dengan osteoartritik sendi lutut Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Kendari.
Studi Deskriptif Tentang Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), Lingkar Pinggang dan Tekanan Darah pada Mahasiswa/I Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya
Authors: Utami Anggun Fitri , Wardiansah
Published: August 2020

Latar belakang Indeks massa tubuh (IMT) merupakan indikator pengukuran yang direkomendasikan oleh WHO untuk mengidentifikasi status nutrisi pada suatu individu. Pengukuran IMT tidak dapat mengidentifikasi lokasi pendistribusian lemak intraabdominal (lemak visceral) sehingga perlu dilakukan pengukuran lingkar pinggang. Individu dengan nilai IMT yang melebihi nilai normal dan distribusi lemak intraabdominal yang besar akan menimbulkan suatu adaptasi fisiologis dalam tubuh berupa peningkatan volume darah yang akan menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan tekanan darah. Pengukuran IMT, lingkar pinggang dan tekanan darah perlu dilakukan sebagai deteksi sejak dini mengingat mahasiswa memiliki risiko yang cukup tinggi untuk menderita obesitas dan hipertensi. Metode Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara total sampling. Dilakukan pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan untuk menghitung nilai IMT, serta pengukuran lingkar pinggang dan pengukuran tekanan darah pada mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter FK Unsri angkatan 2016. Data disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil Nilai IMT dalam kategori berat lebih dan obesitas paling banyak pada usia 20-21 tahun (20.6%) dan pada perempuan (14%). Nilai lingkar pinggang dalam kategori abnormal berdasarkan usia didapatkan paling banyak pada usia 20-21 tahun pada laki-laki (5.3%) dan perempuan (11.81%). Nilai tekanan darah yang mengalami pre-hipertensi dan hipertensi derajat 1 ialah pada mahasiswa usia 20-21 tahun (20.2%) dan paling banyak pada laki-laki (14%). Nilai tekanan darah yang termasuk dalam kategori pre-hipertensi dan hipertensi derajat 1 paling banyak pada nilai IMT dalam kategori berat lebih dan obesitas (18.8%) dan pada lingkar pinggang dalam kategori sedang dan besar (13.81%). Kesimpulan Distribusi subjek penelitian berdasarkan IMT dan lingkar pinggang yang melebihi nilai normal paling banyak pada usia 20-21 tahun dan pada perempuan. Distribusi subjek penelitian berdasarkan tekanan darah yang mengalami pre-hipertensi dan hipertensi derajat 1 paling banyak pada usia 20-21 tahun dan pada laki-laki. Distribusi subjek penelitian berdasarkan tekanan darah yang mengalami pre-hipertensi dan hipertensi derajat 1 paling banyak pada nilai IMT dan lingkar pinggang yang melebihi nilai normal.
Utilização de resíduos sólidos em licitações sustentáveis: recomendações para licitações públicas do estado do Ceará em consonância com a PNRS
Authors: De Castro Neto Francisco Alberto , Pinheiro Campêlo de Castro Ana Elisa
Published: September 2020

Este artigo pretende propor medidas à administração pública do estado do Ceará para incentivar a utilização dos resíduos sólidos, gerados no estado, em suas licitações de obras públicas, conforme preconiza a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS). A metodologia foi baseada em uma pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza aplicada, mediante levantamento do material bibliográfico mais atual sobre o estado da arte para resíduos sólidos e licitações sustentáveis. Com isso, verificou-se que no estado do Ceará não existem muitas diretrizes para aplicação de resíduos sólidos em licitações de obras públicas e, portanto, como contribuições para a administração pública foram elaboradas recomendações acerca de regulamentações e melhorias, de forma a propiciar maior segurança jurídica aos técnicos e gestores.
Offred Versus June
Authors: Goze Grace
Published: September 2020

Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale has recently made its way back into popular culture andmedia. This is a consequence of the streaming service Hulu launching a web television series basedon the novel. The protagonist, Ofred, plays a crucial role in both tellings of the story, but thatrole shifts depending on the medium. Within the novel, Ofred lacks the characteristics of a hero,demonstrating complacency in her tortured position. Meanwhile, the Ofred of the Hulu series is arebel, an empowered woman who refuses oppression. These intentional portrayals of Ofred speakto the inevitable distinctions between visual and written storytelling.
Tariqah Dimensi Esoteris Dalam Islam (Studi Pemikiran Sayyed Hossein Nasr)
Authors: Bistara Rahabistara
Published: August 2020

This article wants to discuss how tariqah is an esoteric dimension in Islam. This esoteric dimension is an important part of Islam besides the sharia and tauhid dimensions. The esoteric dimension is a subtle part of understanding Islamic teachings. Without this dimension, it is difficult to understand Islam as a whole, because it can be said that this dimension is the heart of Islam itself. Through Sayyed Hossen Nasr's thoughts, this paper wants to describe a reality that has been considered not so important in Islam. This curtain is the tariqah that every human being must pass when he wants to go to God's doors that have been provided by the creator. Without going through this tariqah, as an ordinary human being, it is impossible to get to the doors that have been provided by the creator. By using the library research method, this paper would like to provide an in-depth picture of the aesthetic dimension in Islam through Sayyed Hossein Nasr's point of view.
Heartbeats & Heartbreaks
Authors: Habtemariam Hanon
Published: September 2020

Art by Hanon Habtemariam
No Hepatitis After 2030
Authors: Raha Aloke Kumar
Published: August 2020

Abstract not available

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.19 (1); January 2020; Page 1-2
Identification of Etiological Agents of Pyogenic Meningitis by Gram Stain Culture in the Patients Admitted in Two Hospital
Authors: Rozario Diana Thecla D , Akter Nasima , Dewanjee Arup Kanti , Ahmed Shakeel , Majed Mohammed , Sultana Nahid , Biswas Sanjoy Kanti , Nusrat Tanzina
Published: August 2020

Background: Bacterial meningitis is an important cause of mortality and long termmorbidity. Early and accurate diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is of criticalconcern.The bacterial meningitis epidemiological landscape is not static andetiological agent varies with age and immune status and different geographic area.A simple Gram stained smear can offer immediate clues to aid the diagnosis ofpyogenic meningitis. This study was performed to identify the causative agents ofpyogenic meningitis.

Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in theDepartment of Microbiology, Chattogram Medical College for cytologicalexamination, biochemical tests, Gram’s stain, culture. The gold standard fordiagnosis of any infection including meningitis is the isolation and identification ofthe causative agent.

Results: Among the 144 suspected meningitis cases, according to cytological andbiochemical findings 36 (25%) were categorized as probable bacterial meningitiscases and 68(47.22%) cases were viral meningitis, normal level of protein, glucoseand cell count were found in 40 (27.78%) cases. Among the 36 cases of probablebacterial meningitis, culture was positive in 12 (33.33%) and Gram’s stain waspositive in 9 (25%) cases. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the predominent organismdetected by isolation in 6(50%).

Conclusion: S. pneumoniae is the predominant cause of pyogenic meningitis.

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.19 (1); January 2020; Page 24-27
Postburn Elevation in Fibrin Degradation Product is Related to Burn Severity
Authors: Barua Prasun , Iqbal Mohammed Kaisar , Haque Mahmudul
Published: August 2020

Background: Burn is reported to cause significant alteration of haemocoagulativeparameters, but due to lack of proper understanding of burn coagulopathy, only theroutine coagulation tests are generally used, even though these provide limiteddiagnostic or prognostic information about burns and postburn complications. So,this study specifically aimed to characterize the changes in plasma FibrinDegradation Product (FDP) together with routine coagulative parameters and theirrelations with burn-severity.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was carried out inthe Department of Biochemistry and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery ofChattogram Medical College Hospital from January to December in 2014. 130subjects of 18 – 65 years enrolled in two groups by nonprobability consecutivesampling. Group-A consisted of 80 patients with minor, moderate and major burnsas per American Burn Association severity classification, whereas Group-B included50 age and sex-matched healthy subjects. Plasma FDP was estimated by immunoturbidimetricmethod in STA compact automated analyser. Bleeding Time (BT),Clotting Time (CT) and Prothrombin Time (PT) were also determined using standardmethods.

Results: Burn patients had significantly higher mean FDP (10.13 ± 5.63 μg/ml) thancontrols (2.50 ± 1.56 μg/ml) which increased with increase in burn-severity (4.83,8.12 and 15.48 μg/ml in minor, moderate and major burns respectively). PlasmaFDP increased in 91.25% burn patients. While BT and CT were mostly unchanged, PTwas prolonged in 66.25% burn patients (Mean = 15 seconds) but that did not seemto correlate with burn-severity or with FDP.Conclusion: Plasma FDP increased significantly in burn patients showing better andconsistent correlation with burn-severity than routine coagulation parameters.

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.19 (1); January 2020; Page 43-46
Mid Trimester Termination of Pregnancy : Role of Combined Mifepristone and Misoprostol
Authors: Mabud Farah Naz , Begum Tahera , Nandy Alok , Noor Serajun
Published: August 2020

Background: Mid trimester abortions constitute 10%-15% of all induced abortionsworld wide. Over the last decade this increase is due to better prenatal screening. Itcan be done by surgical and medical methods. Medical methods such as Misoprostolis widely used for mid trimester abortion. Mifepristone has antiprogesteroneproperty,so addition of Mifepristone with Misoprostol can increase its effectiveness.To assess the safety, effectiveness and acceptibility of combined Mifepristone andMisoprostol for mid trimester medical termination of pregnancy (Between 13-24weeks of gestation).

Materials and methods: This experimental study was conducted among 40 healthywomen who presented for mid trimester termination of pregnancy between 13-24weeks with missed abortion, gross congenital anomalies with or without previoushistory of one caesarian section. The study was conducted from March October2018 at Chattogram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College, Chattogram,Bangladesh. Each woman received a single dose of tablet Mifepristone 200mg. After24 hours, 200 mcg vaginal Misoprostol was administered which was repeated at 6hourly interval for maximum of 5 doses (1000 mcg) in 24 hours. Success was takenas complete expulsion of fetus and placenta within 24 hours of first dose ofMisoprostol. Primary and secondary outcomes were measured. Statistical analysiswas done using SPSS version 23.

Results: Success rate of complete abortion was 97.5%. Mean Induction AbortionInterval was11.59 hours (SD± 3.34). Mean dose of Misoprostol was 1.85 (SD± 0.77)or 370 mcg. Over all safety of the study was satisfactory with only 1 patientexperienced fever and 1 had nausea .There was no major complication.

Conclusion: The Mifepristone/Misoprostol regimen is a highly effective as well assafe option for mid trimester medical termination of pregnancy with a shortinduction abortion interval and it can also be used in scarred uterus with closesupervision.

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.19 (1); January 2020; Page 63-67
Comparative Evaluation on the Effect of Zinc-Probiotic and Zinc Therapy in Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis
Authors: Azim Md Anwarul , Doza Badrud , Iqbal Shahed , Chowdhury Farah , Biswas Sanjoy Kanti
Published: August 2020

Background: Acute watery diarrhea in under 5 children is still a major healthburden worldwide despite all available efforts that have been made to reduce itsincidence and prevalence. Mortality rate is still high among under 5 children.Therefore, appropriate and comprehensive management of diarrhea is essential.There are lot of studies on the role of zinc and probiotic in reducing the duration andseverity of acute watery diarrhea. This study emphasized on compared effect ofusing a combination zinc –probiotic and zinc in pediatric acute gastroenteritis.

Materials and methods: This was a randomized controlled trial type study,conducted at Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology at Chattogram Maa-OShishuHospital Medical College from November 2018 to March 2019. A total of 100numbers of children ages 3 months to 5 years with acute watery diarrhea wereenrolled those who were fulfilled the selection criteria. They were divided into twogroups. Group A (n=50) received zinc-probiotics combination therapy and group B(n=50) received zinc only. Measurement of disease severity was based on thefrequency of diarrhea (Times/day) and duration of diarrhea (Hours) after initial drugconsumption.

Results: Among the study population 63.5% male & 32.7% female in group A and56.4% male & 34.5% female in group B. Duration of acute watery diarrhea wassignificantly reduced in group A than group B (56.4 hours versus 70.80 hoursrespectively). We also observed significant difference in length of hospital stay inGroup A and Group B (68.16 hours vs 83.04 hours) respectively.

Conclusion: Combination therapy was more effective in reducing the severity ofacute watery diarrhea than zinc alone therapy in under 5 children.

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.19 (1); January 2020; Page 74-77
List of CME & CMS Vol 19(1)
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Jalal
Published: August 2020

Abstract not available

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.19 (1); January 2020; Page 82
Research Grants Awarded Vol 19(1)
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Jalal
Published: August 2020

Abstract not available

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.19 (1); January 2020; Page 83
Applicability of saliva in the diagnosis of COVID-19: a review
Authors: Lemos Éverson de Andrade , Cabral Gustavo de Amorim Barbosa , Fernandes Neto José de Alencar , Catão Maria Helena Chaves de Vasconcelos
Published: September 2020

In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified COVID-19 as a global pandemic. Since then, there is a need for new methods to facilitate the diagnosis and control of this disease. Currently, reverse transcription followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) of respiratory samples obtained by swabs represents the gold standard in the qualitative detection of Sars-CoV-2 infection. However, this type of collection has several disadvantages, making saliva a potential tool for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate, through a systematic review of current scientific literature, the applicability of saliva for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in comparison to current methods. A search was carried out in MEDLINE, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science databases, using descriptors, strategies and pre-established criteria by two independent evaluators, followed by a manual search in the references of articles selected for full reading. The research strategies identified 476 studies and 1 study was added through manual search. After analysis, 200 articles were excluded because they were duplicated among results found in databases. With the completion of the screening process, 12 articles were included in this review. It was concluded that it is necessary to produce new studies in order to obtain even more reliable and effective data about the use of saliva in the diagnosis of COVID-19. However, studies have shown that this material can be an excellent alternative sample for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.
VIOLENCE AGAINST HEALTH WORKERS AND MEASURES TO PREVENT VIOLENCE
Authors: CAN Senanur , HAYLI Çiğdem Müge
Published: August 2020

Violence in Health, which constitutes a serious problem in Turkey and all over the world has become a global problem. It is admirable by every segment that healthcare professionals today struggle with a global problem such as covit-19 virus or serve altruistically in every period. Nevertheless, while providing services, they somehow experience communication problems with their patients and relatives, and they are subjected to physical, verbal or psychological violence. In order to prevent violence for employees who are exposed to violence for many reasons; Work should be done on issues such as security, physical structure and equipment, communication, education, and making necessary revisions in the legal regulations on this subject motivates healthcare professionals. Health violence is not only caused by healthcare professionals, patients or their relatives. The working system of the institutions, the patient density is high, the health personnel are insufficient, the social and global factors, as well as the news in the media that we pay particular attention to in our study, can lead to the emergence of violence. The existence of violence in social life is a result of mass media's inevitably publishing the violence in health. This is why the positive developments and negative events in the field of health are published in the media. The purpose of our study is to prepare a stress-free, worry-free working environment for our future healthcare professionals and us without understanding our colleagues.
POLA KETERBUKAAN DIRI ANTARA PERAWAT DAN LANJUT USIA DI PANTI SOSIAL
Authors: Yuhanis Ayu , Mtd Richa Rahayu , Ramayadi Hilman
Published: August 2020

Hubungan anak dengan orang tua semakin renggang. Kesibukan yang melanda kaum muda hampir menyita seluruh waktunya sehingga mereka hanya memiliki sedikit waktu untuk memikirkan orang tua. Kondisi seperti ini menyebabkan kurangnya komunikasi antara orang tua dengan anak, kurangnya perhatian dan pemberian perawatan terhadap orang tua sehingga orang tua merasa terasingkan dan lebih memilih tinggal di panti sosial. Oleh karena itu peneliti ingin menggambarkan proses komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh perawat dan lansia dan bagaimana pola keterbukaan diri antara perawat dan lansia di Panti Sosial Sasana Tresna Cipocok Jaya Serang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif , data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori penetrasi sosial, dimana proses ikatan yang menggerakkan suatu hubungan dari yang superficial menjadi lebih intim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin sering berinteraksi semakin kita mengetahui dan memahami karakter seseorang (perawat atau klien lansia), kedua belah pihak akan memberikan perhatian secara keseluruhan sehingga mulai terbiasa bersikap terbuka, santai, lebih akrab dan dapat memberikan solusi terhadap permasalahan yang dihadapi dan juga mampu menilai dan menduga perilaku lawan bicaranya. Pola komunikasi dalam proses keterbukaan diri antara perawat dan lansia di panti sosial sasana tresna werdha cipocok jaya serang adalah pola komunikasi sirkuler karena terjadinya umpan balik antara perawat dan lansia dalam melakukan interaksi.Kata-kata Kunci: Pola keterbukaan diri, Perawat, Lanjut usia
LITERASI PRIVASI SEBAGAI UPAYA MENCEGAH PELANGGARAN DI ERA MASYARAKAT JARINGAN
Authors: Putra Kadek Aryana Dwi , Hidayatullah Fauzan
Published: August 2020

Penggunaan media teknologi di Indonesia berkembang sangat pesat yang dapat dilihat dari banyaknya media sosial yang bermunculan. Penggunaan media sosial yang sangat mudah dan banyak memiliki fitur menjadikan media sosial menjadi populer di era masyarakat jaringan. Pengguna yang semakin banyak menjadikan media sosial sebagai lahan bisnis yang menjanjikan bagi para pengembang media yang berbasis teknologi. Namun ketidakpahaman pengguna terhadap informasi pribadi yang dibagikan di platform media menyebabkan terjadinya pelanggaran privasi yang dilakukan untuk kepentingan pihak pengembang yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Literasi privasi menjadi langkah yang baik dalam upaya mencegah pelanggaran privasi dari sisi psikologis, fisik maupun finansial dapat di minimalkan. Sehingga pentingnya literasi privasi sebagai upaya pencegahan pelanggaran privasi di era masyarakat jejaring.Kata-kata Kunci: literasi privasi, media sosial, masyarakat jaringan
KOMUNIKASI INSTRUKSIONAL GURU DAN SISWA TUNAGRAHITA BERPRESTASI
Authors: Risopani Lina Angris , Oktaviani Femi
Published: August 2020

Anak tunagrahita mengalami kesulitan berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi dengan lingkungan. Cara mereka berkomunikasi pun masih sangat rendah, terutama ketika mereka berada di lingkungan yang luas seperti lingkungan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses komunikasi verbal dan nonverbal, proses instruksional, dan motivasi anak tunagrahita. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah komunikasi verbal yang digunakan berupa membaca dan mendengarkan, sementara komunikasi nonverbal berupa bahasa tubuh, komunikasi nonverbal memiliki fungsi aksentuasi karena bahasa tubuh mempertegas komunikasi verbal yang dilakukan guru. Proses instruksional mengunakan strategi ekspositori dan metode pembelajaran pengantara, metode pembelajaran drill, metode tanya jawab. Jenis motivasi yaitu motivasi ekstrinsik karena siswa tunagrahita mendapatkan dorongan dari luar dirinya.Kata kunci: Komunikasi, Instruksional, Tunagrahita
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN DARING PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN BELAJAR MAHASISWA
Authors: Dzalila Lizha , Ananda Annisa , Zuhri Saifuddin
Published: August 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat pemahaman belajar pada mahasiswa dalam melakukan pembelajaran melalui metode daring. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam kepada beberapa infoman. Fokus penelitian ini adalah permasalahan komunikasi yang muncul pada saat pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring dan tingkat pemahaman belajar mahasiswa yang dilakukan pada masa pandemic Covid-19. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring banyak ditemukan permasalahan yang menyebabkan semangat belajar dan tingkat pemahaman belajar mahasiswa menjadi menurun.  Kata-kata Kunci: Mahasiswa, Pembelajaran Daring, Covid-19
PERANGKAP VISUAL IKLAN POP UP DI SMARTPHONE
Authors: Soewardikoen Didit Widiatmoko , Fauzy Mohamad Tohir
Published: August 2020

AbstrakKehidupan masyarakat perkotaan seperti tidak terpisahkan dengan penggunaaan smartphone. Perangkat ini memfasilitasi penggunaan berbagai perangkat lunak yang sekarang lebih akrab disebut aplikasi yang berperan memudahkan berbagai urusan mulai dari pemesanan tiket, paket wisata, toko online, hantaran makanan , dan perawatan teknis telepon seperti pembersih file dan antivirus. Aplikasi ini dapat diunduh dari penyedia seperti app gallery atau playstore, baik secara gratis maupun berbayar. Aplikasi yang gratis ketika digunakan tiba-tiba muncul iklan dan pengguna sering terjebak menekan tombol beli, mainkan game atau install, padahal tidak menyukai iklan ini. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara iklan pop up menjebak pengguna secara visual dan respon  pengguna terhadap fenomena ini. Menggunakan metode penelitian visual dengan instrumen observasi visual terhadap sampel, wawancara kepada ahli dan kuesioner kepada pengguna. Dari hasil trianggulasi data didapatkan hasil bahwa iklan pop up yang lebih mementingkan exposure dan sebaran cenderung menjebak pengguna smartphone, padahal pengguna tidak ingin membeli produk yang diiklankanKata kunci : aplikasi, iklan pop up, smartphone AbstractThe life of urban society is inseparable from the use of smartphones. This device facilitates the use of various software that are now more familiarly called applications. The applications that play a role in abridging the numerous matters ranging from ticket reservations, tour packages, online shops, food delivery, and telephone technical maintenance such as file cleaners and antivirus. This application can be download from providers such as gallery apps or play store, both free and paid. Applications that are free when used suddenly appear ads and users are often stuck pressing the buy button, play the game, or install, even though they do not like this ad. This research is to find out how to pop up ads visually trap users and user responses to this phenomenon. This research used visual research methods with visual observation instruments on samples, interviews with experts, and questionnaires to users. From the results of the triangulation of data, the results show that pop upads that are more concerned with exposure and distribution tend to trap smartphone users, even though users do not want to buy the advertised product.Keywords: application, pop up ads, smartphone
EVALUASI HEURISTIK SISTEM PENGELOLAAN PEMBELAJARAN DARING PERGURUAN TINGGI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Adriyanto Andreas Rio , Santosa Imam , Syarief Achmad
Published: August 2020

AbstrakPandemi virus Covid-19 pada awal tahun 2020 menyebabkan perubahan sistem pendidikan tatap muka ke sistem pendidikan daring. Berbagai jenis platform pembelajaran daring digunakan, salah satunya melalui sistem pengelolaan pembelajaran, Learning Management System (LMS). Perguruan tinggi di Indonesia telah mengembangkan materi ajar dalam LMS institusi masing-masing namun masih banyak kekurangan yang terdapat di LMS pembelajaran daring tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kebergunaan (usability) sistem tersebut termasuk materi ajar. Penelitian menggunakan strategi kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengamatan visual LMS. Data dianalisis menggunakan evaluasi heuristik dengan studi kasus pada beberapa penyelenggara pembelajaran daring. Interpretasi data diperkuat dengan studi literatur dari penelitian terdahulu. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan permasalahan mayor pada materi ajar yang masih memakai elemen-elemen yang kurang tepat dan dapat menambah beban kognitif mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan beberapa rekomendasi yang dapat dijadikan salah satu pertimbangan dalam perancangan materi pembelajaran daring untuk perguruan tinggi di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: evaluasi heuristik, LMS, pembelajaran daring AbstractThe Covid-19 virus pandemic that occurred in early 2020 caused the education system to shift from a face-to-face education system to an online education system. Various types of online learning platforms are used, one of which is through the Learning Management System (LMS). Higher education institutions in Indonesia have developed learning materials in their LMS institutions. However, there are still many inadequacies found in their LMS. The aim of this study is to analyze the usability of the system, including the learning materials. The strategy of inquiry uses qualitative strategies, data collection method is made by visual observation of LMS. Data analysis using heuristic evaluation with case studies on several online learning providers. Data interpretation is strengthened by the study of literature from previous researches. This study found major problems in learning materials that still use elements that are not suitable and can add cognitive loads of students in constructing knowledge. The results of this study provide some recommendations that are expected to be one of the considerations in designing online learning materials for universities in Indonesia.  Keywords: heuristic evaluation, LMS, online learning
Immigration Control as Self-Defense
Authors: Gerver Mollie
Published: September 2020

This article defends the claim that citizens are justified in supporting immigration restrictions which are necessary to protect access to resources which (a) they have a claim right to and which (b) they and not migrants require to sustain their lives. Moreover, citizens are justified in supporting such restrictions even when it means blocking migrants’ access to life-sustaining resources so long as (a) migrants lack a claim right to these resources and (b) the number of migrants seeking entrance is below a given threshold. Though citizens act permissibly in supporting restrictions in such cases, and act permissibly in voting for policymakers supporting such restrictions, policymakers themselves often act impermissibly in implementing such restrictions. This is because the actions which citizens are justified in pursuing to defend their own lives are distinct from the actions which policymakers are justified in pursuing to defend the lives of citizens.
A História Ambiental e a participação da sociedade na construção de uma trilha interpretativa
Authors: Schú Aline , Martinez Jaime , Gerhardt Marcos
Published: September 2020

As áreas protegidas são espaços que podem proporcionar a reconexão das pessoas com a natureza. Este artigo relata a construção de uma trilha interpretativa guiada no Parque Natural Municipal João Alberto Xavier da Cruz (PNMJ) de Carazinho, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com base nas memórias coletadas por meio da História Oral e empregando as referências conceituais da História Ambiental. Um teste piloto foi aplicado e a atividade passou a integrar o Programa de Uso Público da Unidade de Conservação. Ao envolver a sociedade na construção de propostas de interpretação ambiental para áreas protegidas, os sentimentos de identidade e pertencimento a estes espaços podem ser fortalecidos.
Parques do Brasil: a conservação da biodiversidade como promoção da saúde e da qualidade de vida
Authors: Alvarenga Luciana , Sanches Carlos Eduardo Torres , Muchagata Márcia
Published: September 2020

Ao produzir uma série de TV sobre a biodiversidade nos parques nacionais brasileiros, a equipe coordenadora do projeto faz uma reflexão a partir das experiências vivenciadas em campo e da história ambiental do Brasil, apresentando subsídios para o desenvolvimento de uma economia mais sustentável, que promova também a saúde e a qualidade de vida, através da implementação de unidades de conservação e do uso indireto de seus recursos naturais.
A Review on Hancerli Hikaye-i Garibesi, Intibah and Zehra
Authors: İZMİRLİ KARAMANLI Seda
Published: August 2020

This article examines the frame of rewriting practice, which I applied on novels of Namık Kemal’s İntibah (Awakening), Nabizâde Nâzım’s Zehra (Zehra) and an anonymous folktale Hançerli Hikâye-i Garîbesi (The Strange Story of the One with the Dagger) together. This paper explains how ambivalent narrator positions are sustained and how the “liminality” of these works can be evaluated with the help of close reading practice on these texts. I will expose that the relationship among Hançerli Hikâye-i Garîbesi, İntibah and Zehra is based on the concept of a “creative imitation” in accordance with the expectations of the historical addressee under the influence of social, political and historical circumstances in the Ottoman Empire. I will position “the reader” as the person who is expected to understand and expound the text according to his own background. And, I will interpret the intervening narrator as the one who meets the expectations of the historical addressee of the Ottoman society and who serves anti-adultery propaganda. I will demonstrate that in the texts in which the elements of preternaturalness and comedy are gradually disappearing and the signs of realism are increasingly strengthened, there is an ambivalent narration which is neither fully rooted in tradition nor in romanesque realism.
Research Scholars in Siruppanjamoolam- A Critical Study
Authors: M Ugin Rositta
Published: August 2020

Research is the outcome of the shrunken brain, started its search from the soul. Researchers are the ambassadors of learning. The lifelong process called learning determines the height and depth of the research.  Development is not possible without research and researchers. This concept has been well established in Siruppanjamoolam, one among the eighteen lesser text anthology of Tamil literature. A collection of 100 poems under this title was written by Kariyaasan- the author. This critical study, attempts to focus on the status of researchers during post Sangam period with reference to Siruppanjamoolam. However the discussion unveiled the relative concepts such as public views on education, duty of research scholar, relationship between the research scholar and the supervisor. Rather surprise to witness the concern of this Tamil anthology on research coursework. The description of guidelines to researchers is significant and equivalent to Research Methodology –a core course for contemporary research students.
PENDIDIKAN INDIGENOUS ALA PESANTREN UNTUK MEMPERKOKOH KARAKTER GENERASI MILENIAL
Authors: Moh. Nawafil  , Hafifuddin Nur
Published: August 2020

Pesantren’s cottage is the olddest education institute in Indonesia that the existence still be confessed in this world, education model in the style of pesantren proofed very effective to stabilizer human character, especially milenial’s generation. Milenial’s generation that shackled with technology terrible influence of information can his self and to be lessened through education in the style of pesantren who contain balance values between worldly and ukhrawi, social aspect, body aspect and spiritual, and other its as.
EPISTEMOLOGI PENCAPAIAN ILMU AL-GHAZALI
Authors: Albadri
Published: August 2020

The basic nature of science is to develop, even though it is still necessary to develop a science strategy so that science is in accordance with the existing objectives and also the rules of applying science. Al-Ghazali divided the principles of the application of science into seven and the strategy for developing science into six strategies. This cannot be separated from the responsibility of science, scientists, and also the community. Because all three are interrelated. Of the six strategies for developing knowledge, basically, all the sciences already have those strategies.
PEMANFAATAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN PAI DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Arfandi Arfandi
Published: August 2020

In this globalization era, education technology programs, especially in Indonesia, have spread so quickly, not only in the level of basic education but also to the level of education at the college level. As an indication of the development of education technology, among others, there have been many different types of media learning in improving the quality of learning such as visual media, audio media, and audiovisual media. Of the various instructing media, all of which can support in the process of activities in learning and teaching, but the very urgent attention by every educator is that the use of the media not only look at the sophistication but more important is the quality of the implementation of learning activities in an educational institution, of course, it is necessary to adapt to some targets that are the mission of education. It is very important for a teacher in carrying out his duties as a teacher must have pedagogic competence, a teacher should have the ability to be in accordance with the methodology of learning both in terms of learning planning and in the implementation of learning. So, a teacher who already has competence and qualifications in both the mastery and ability in the use of learning media that will certainly affect the process of teaching actively, innovative, creative, and enjoyable.
ANALISIS SURVIVAL DENGAN PEMODELAN REGRESI COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARD MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN BAYESIAN (Studi Kasus: Pasien Rawat Inap Penderita Demam Tifoid di RSUD Haji Makassar)
Authors: Faisal Adi Rahmat , Bustan Muhammad Nadjib , Annas Suwardi
Published: September 2020

Abstrak. Analisis survival merupakan metode statistika yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data dimana peubah yang diperhatikan adalah waktu sampai terjadinya suatu event. Waktu dapat dinyatakan dalam tahun, bulan, minggu, atau hari dari awal mula dilakukan pengamatan pada seorang individu sampai suatu peristiwa terjadi pada individu. Salah satu tujuan analisis survival adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara waktu kejadian dan peubah bebas yang terukur pada saat dilakukan penelitian. Salah satu pendekatan metode regersi yang bisa digunakan adalah regresi Cox Proportional Hazard. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data pasien penderita demam tifoid di RSUD Haji Makassar. Data demam tifoid memiliki karakteristik yang memungkinkan untuk dilakukan analisis dengan menggunakan regresi Cox Proportional Hazard. Adapun analisisnya menggunakan pendugaan parameter Bayesian, diperoleh faktor yang signifikan berpengaruh terhadap laju kesembuhan pasien adalah nyeri ulu hati. Nilai hazard ratio peubah nyeri ulu hati sebesar 0,63. Nilai tersebut <1 sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa pasien yang mengalami nyeri ulu hati memiliki laju kesembuhan 0,63 kali dibandingkan yang tidak mengalami nyeri ulu hati.Kata Kunci: Survival Analysis, Regression Cox Proportional Hazard, Thyfoid Fever