bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
İhracatta Ürün Çeşitlendirme ve Yoğunlaşma Analizi: Rusya Örneği (2001-2020)
Authors: ŞAHİN Suna , ÇUKURYURT Yakup
Published: March 2022

Dış ticarette çeşitliliğin zaman içinde artması ülkelerin temel hedefleri arasındadır. Ülkeler bu kapsamdaki hedeflerini çeşitli politikalar ve regülasyonlar ile desteklemektedir. Dış ticareti gelişmiş olan ülkelerin ihracat çeşitlendirme seviyeleri de genellikle yüksektir. İhracat çeşitlendirmesi farklı biçimlerde, boyutlarda ve düzeylerde analiz edilebilir. Dış ticaret analizlerinde önemli bir gösterge sayılabilecek yoğunlaşma oranları, ülkelerin ekonomik performansı açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, uygulamalı çalışmalarda daha çok kullanılan Yoğunlaşma Oranı (CR) ve Gini-Hirschman indeksi (GH) yöntemleri tercih edilerek 2001-2020 döneminde Rusya ihracatındaki ürün yoğunlaşma derecesinin büyüklüğü ve bunun seçilen değişkenlerle ilişkisi araştırılmış, kullanılan veriler Dünya Bankası ve Uluslararası Ticaret Merkezi istatistiklerinden elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlarda Rusya’nın CR4 değerinde 2020 yılı hariç çok yüksek yoğunlaşma olduğu ve CR8 değerinde de son 20 yılda yüksek yoğunlaşan bir ihracat portföyüne sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Rusya’nın GH endeksi ise CR4 ve CR8 endeksiyle uyumlu şekilde ilk 10 yılda artan sonrasında göreceli olarak azalan bir yoğunlaşma grafiğine sahiptir. Ayrıca elde edilen CR4, CR8 ve GH bağımlı değişkenleri ile, literatürle uyumlu bağımsız değişkenler kümesi içerisinden, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı sonuçlar veren popülasyon, döviz kuru, doğrudan yatırımlar ve ticari açıklık değerleri arasındaki ilişki lineer regresyon ile incelenmiştir. Sonuçlarda popülasyon, döviz kuru, doğrudan yatırımlar beklentilerle uyumlu olurken, ticari açıklık değişkeni için Rusya’nın ekonomik karakteristiğine bağlı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.
Türkiye'de Pandemi Döneminde Çalışma Hayatına Yönelik Alınan Tedbirler
Authors: YOLVERMEZ Bahar
Published: March 2022

Covid-19’un çalışma hayatına etkileri sektörlere, işgücünün cinsiyeti, yaşı ve işteki durumuna göre değişmektedir. Bu süreçte, işgücü piyasalarındaki kırılgan gruplar daha da kırılganlaşmış, sağlık açısından alınan tedbirler nedeniyle yüz yüze etkileşimin yoğun olduğu ve bedensel olarak işyerinde bulunma zorunluluğu olan sektörler en kırılgan sektörler haline gelmiştir. Ayrıca genel istihdam kayıplarının yanı sıra çalışma saatlerinde önemli azalmalar yaşanmıştır. Çalışmada, çalışma saatlerindeki azalışların, istihdam kayıplarının, sektör ve grupların kırılganlık ilişkisi ve nedenleri, çalışma hayatındaki değişimlerle birlikte alınan tedbirlerin yeterli olup olmadığının ortaya koyulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, ILO (Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü), TÜİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu) ve İŞKUR (Türkiye İş Kurumu) 2020 - 2021 kapsamında karşılaştırmalı veri analizi yapılarak nicel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma hayatına yönelik alınan tedbirler hem çalışanlar hem işverenler açısından etkin bir şekilde kullanılmıştır. İşverenlere yönelik alınan tedbirler yeterli ve koruyucu nitelikte olmakla birlikte, çalışanlarına yönelik verilen pandemi ödeneklerinin ekonomik kriz koşullarına daha uygun hale getirilmesi gerekmektedir.
Türk Otomotiv Sanayii’nin Rekabet Gücü Analizi (2011-2020)
Authors: BAYKARA Tevfik Cem , AKİŞ Elife
Published: March 2022

Otomotiv sektörü ekonomiye yüksek katma değer sağlayan, yüksek AR-GE harcamaları ile bilimsel ve teknolojik gelişmeleri hızlandıran, ihracat kanalıyla döviz geliri kazandıran, tedarik zinciri içinde birlikte yer aldığı demir-çelik, plastik, cam, elektronik, makina, inşaat, turizm, ulaştırma, savunma, lojistik, perakende ve hizmetler sektörü başta olmak üzere pek çok diğer sektörü destekleyen lokomotif sektörlerden biridir. Çalışmada, 2010 – 2020 yılları arasında Türk Otomotiv Sanayii’nin rekabet gücünün ana sektör ve alt sektörler bazında iki farklı yöntemle ölçülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, öncelikle Dünya ve Türk Otomotiv sektöründeki son gelişmeler incelenerek, rekabet gücü kavramı ile Balassa’nın Açıklanmış Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlükler (AKÜ) Endeksi ve Vollrath’ın Göreli Ticaret Avantajı Endeksi (GTAE) açıklanmıştır. Daha sonra, AKÜ endeksi ve GTAE’ne göre Türk Otomotiv Sanayii’nin rekabet gücü analizi yapılmıştır. Her iki analizden de benzer sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Buna göre, Türk Otomotiv Sanayii’nin genel olarak küresel bazdaki rekabet gücünün yüksek olduğu, alt kategoriler bazında ise Yük Taşıyan Ticari Araçlar ile Yolcu Taşıyan Ticari Araçlar kategorilerinde rekabet gücünün diğerlerinden belirgin şekilde daha yüksek olduğu gösterilmiştir.
Batı Balkan Devletleri ve Avrupa Birliği Genişlemesine Etkisi
Authors: ARMİŞEN Gamze , TATAR Volkan
Published: March 2022

Batı Balkan bölgesi, tarihin uzun döneminde etnik sorunlar, sosyal-ekonomik özelliklerinin yanı sıra biricik jeopolitik konumu neticesinde, büyük devletler ve uluslararası örgütlerin rekabet alanı haline gelmiştir. 90’ların başı uluslararası siyasal sistemde yaşanan dönüşüm sonucunda gözlemlenen büyük çatışmaların, insan hakları ihlallerinin, göçlerin ve farklı devletler arasındaki rekabetin merkezi haline gelen bu bölgede Avrupa Birliği aktif bir rol üstlenerek istikrarın sağlanması konusuna eğilmiş ve son dönemde AB odağını bu bölgeye kaydırmıştır. Eğer barış ve istikrar ortamı bölgede sağlanamazsa, son genişlemelerle Avrupa Birliği’nin içerisinde kalan Batı Balkanlarda,sosyal,ekonomik ve güvenlik bağlamında birçok sorun yaşanabilecektir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Avrupa Birliği genişleme sürecinde Batı Balkanları diğer genişlemelerden ayıran faktörler ortaya koyularak muhtemel genişlemenin Avrupa Birliği açısından yaratacağı avantaj-dezavantajları tartışmak olarak belirlenmiştir.Çalışmada öncelikle Balkanlar bölgesinin konumuna ve ekonomi politiğine değinilerek bölgenin önemi vurgulanacak, ardından muhtemel Batı Balkan genişleme durumu farklı bakış açılarıyla ortaya konulacaktır.
¡Quememos las urnas por una elección justa! Violencia electoral y regalías mineras en las elecciones municipales peruanas
Authors: Julcarima Gerson , Pezzola Anthony
Published: March 2022

El presente estudio analiza el efecto que tendrían las transferencias por regalías mineras sobre la probabilidad de violencia electoral. El supuesto que guía la investigación es que en municipios particularmente ricos en recursos naturales existiría un exacerbado interés por acceder al gobierno municipal. Así, en un contexto caracterizado por un alto grado de competitividad política, las tácticas o estrategias de campaña serían evaluadas de manera exigente o rigurosa por los diferentes candidatos y sus seguidores. De esa manera, el uso de la violencia con el objetivo de anular la elección y convocar a una nueva elección (EMC) podría ser interpretado como el último recurso de actores políticos que han percibido la utilización de prácticas políticas desleales (ilegales o ilegitimas) durante el proceso electoral. Sin duda alguna este fenómeno (violencia electoral) surgiría principalmente en circunscripciones con abundantes recursos naturales donde existiría el interés de mantener ciertos “enclaves” autoritarios subnacionales basados en prácticas clientelistas.
Dinámicas de participación electoral indígena y el empleo del sistema de cuotas en Amazonas: los casos de Bagua y Condorcanqui
Authors: Sánchez Villagómez Marté
Published: March 2022

El artículo analiza la participación electoral indígena en las provincias de Condorcanqui y Bagua, en el departamento de Amazonas. Esta investigación sostiene que la participación electoral indígena en la región Amazonas presenta diferencias para alcanzar la representación debido a la fragmentación política, la cohesión de las organizaciones indígenas y la presencia indígena en las capitales de provincia. Se realizaron entrevistas a líderes indígenas que han participado como actores políticos en distintos procesos electorales. Además se analizó información de la Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales y del Jurado Nacional de Elecciones. Una de las principales conclusiones de esta investigación es que el sistema de cuotas electorales, si bien propicia la participación de miembros de pueblos indígenas en elecciones subnacionales, no garantiza la representación de los mismos como autoridades.
La prohibición de reelección inmediata como nueva regla en las Elecciones Municipales 2018
Authors: Neyra Zegarra Ana
Published: March 2022

Este artículo analiza la prohibición de reelección inmediata para alcaldes y el modo como fue finalmente interpretada por el Pleno del Jurado Nacional de Elecciones en las Elecciones Regionales y Municipales 2018, pese a algunos debates jurídicos previos sobre su aplicación en dicho proceso electoral. Adicionalmente, se presenta el debate sobre la constitucionalidad de esta prohibición según lo decidido por el Tribunal Constitucional sobre el particular.
Juventud y política en la universidad de San Marcos a fines del siglo XIX
Authors: Lostaunau Moscol Augusto
Published: March 2022

Los estudiantes de la Universidad de San Marcos participaron en forma activa en la política a fines del siglo XIX como preludio y ejercicio de aprendizaje para su participación en la política nacional, siguiendo la tradición familiar. Pese a que las autoridades nacionales y universitarias realizaron denodados esfuerzos por evitar dicha participación, la política se convirtió en un espacio común en el cual transitaron estudiantes y docentes. Alumnos como Antonio Miró-Quesada y Luis Varela y Orbegoso organizaron clubes políticos de apoyo a la candidatura de diputados o presidentes de la República. Fueron tiempos de lucha política a nivel nacional y los estudiantes de San Marcos no estuvieron ausentes de ella, en su afán por lograr un espacio representativo en la esfera del poder político nacional. La política, ayer y hoy, forma parte de la vida universitaria.
Violencia electoral en México: asesinatos en los procesos electorales locales y federal 2017-2018
Authors: Espinosa Silis Arturo
Published: March 2022

Las elecciones generales de México en 2018 fueron el proceso electoral más grande en la historia del país; sin embargo, se vieron empañadas por la violencia que cobró la vida de al menos 145 personas que de alguna forma estaban relacionadas con los procesos electorales o eran actores políticos de sus localidades. Aunque en un principio pudiera pensarse que estos ataques se encuadran dentro del contexto de violencia generalizada que vive México −causada por las organizaciones de crimen organizado transnacional−, al revisar las características de estos ataques se puede apreciar que es un fenómeno con características propias, se trata de violencia electoral. En este documento se hace una descripción general de las implicaciones que tiene la violencia electoral y, para el caso particular de México, se revisan variables como la temporalidad de los asesinatos, su dispersión geográfica y las características de las víctimas de estos ataques.
Democracia entre rejas: representación y elecciones en el Penal de Lurigancho en Perú
Authors: López Villanes Noam , Espinoza Prado Gelin
Published: March 2022

Buscamos responder a la pregunta sobre cómo funciona el método de elección de “delegados penitenciarios” en Lurigancho, el penal más antiguo de Perú. Nos interesa explicar aquellas prácticas que en espacios como este emergen en clave de democracia procedimental y que no son solo coyunturales o atípicas. La investigación explora las interacciones políticas y formas de representación y aporta así evidencia actual sobre su funcionamiento interno. Los resultados muestran que la reforma electoral penitenciaria agenciada por los propios internos favorece la fiscalización interna y ha permitido disminuir la violencia existente en años anteriores.
Extranjeros y ciudadanía en el constitucionalismo peruano del siglo XIX
Authors: Vega Pérez Adriano
Published: March 2022

Los diversos y escasos trabajos académicos de historia constitucional desarrollados en los últimos años, han abordado cuestiones importantes como ciudadanía desde una visión general y enfocada por su propia naturaleza a la historia del Perú, el sufragio universal, femenino, entre otros temas; sin embargo, la investigación vinculada al ejercicio de la ciudadanía extranjera ha dejado un margen importante para la academia debido al interés público actual que hoy genera la inmigración, cuestionándose en el presente diversos aspectos jurídicos y sociales en el estado constitucional. En ese sentido, el presente trabajo persigue analizar la construcción y el tratamiento de la ciudadanía extranjera en el constitucionalismo peruano del siglo XIX.
Multi-layered bandaging for lower limb lymphedema in vulva cancer
Authors: Dhamija Deepika , Chahal Aksh , Kaur Satinder
Published: March 2022

Introduction:  Gynaecological cancer growth represents more than one out of eight diseases.12.5% of female malignancies are genital group: uterus (4.8%), ovary (3.7%), cervix (2.7%), and others including vulva (1.3%). Vulva Cancer is generally an uncommon infection of women but currently the occurrence is of 2-3 for every 100,000 females and a middle age of 65-70, vulvar malignancy has shown an expanding frequency (20% somewhere in the range of 1973 and 2000) with simultaneously diminishing middle age at beginning throughout recent many years. Method: Multi layered bandaging was applied for 22 hours every day over left lower limb followed by a session of active exercises of lower limb muscles. Materials used: Stockinette (inner lining), Padding made of foam, short stretch bandages using measurement scales: Circumference measurement at given level, Quality of life EORTC QLQ- C30, LEFS Lower extremity functional scale. Conclusion: Multi layered bandaging reflected great results where p value is drawn (p= < 0.001)
Comparison of salivary leptin levels between underweight and overweight individuals and its role in orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Jayachandran Tamizhmani , Ramya Ramya , Vikhashini Vikhashini , Surya S , Patri Vijeta , Raveendran Ranjith
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The Aim of this study is to compare the concentration of salivary leptin levels between underweight and overweight individuals and its significance in orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: Fourty five underweight and overweight female subjects were taken in this study and they are divided into two groups, group I (underweight) and group II (overweight) depending on their mean  body mass index. Angles class I malocclusion with bimaxillary protrusion were taken into this study. All subjects underwent upper first premolar extraction, and distal force is applied with lacebacks to maxillary canine. Salivary leptin samples were collected before force application (To), one hour after appliance placement T2, and one month after appliance placement (T3). Results: Overweight individuals show increased salivary leptin concentration three times greater than underweight individuals. Orthodontic tooth movement is decreased in overweight individuals when compared with underweight individuals. Conclusions: Increased salivary leptin levels showed a decreased tooth movement in overweight individuals than underweight individuals who showed decreased salivary leptin levels. Obese individuals require more orthodontic treatment duration time when compared with lean individuals.
Analysis of biochemical and immune biomarker abnormalities associated with severe illness and mortality in COVID -19 disease
Authors: Aggarwal Juhi , Batra Jyoti , Tomo Sojit , Bhagat Rohit , Katara Pradhumn
Published: March 2022

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a new form of respiratory and systemic disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2). The inflammation induced by the SARS CoV-2 virus in the host leads to elevation of multiple inflammatory parameters. A raise in PCT, IL-6 and CRP denotes the intensity of inflammation in COVID-19 patients. Similarly, D-DIMER and FIBRINOGEN marks the aberration in the coagulation pathways in COVID-19 patients.COVID-19 positive patients aged between 18 and 65 years were recruited for the study after written informed consent. To confirm all cases according to nucleic acid real time–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests. In the present study, a total of 200 COVID-19 patients were assessed. Out of them 100 (50%) were severe cases of COVID-19 and 100 (50%) were non-severe cases of COVID-19. On comparison of various biochemical and immune biomarkers, the severe COVID-19 patients demonstrated significantly higher levels of all biomarkers when compared with non-severe group.
A study of clinico-etiological profile of oral and oropharyngeal lesions in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Sharma Rakesh , Malhotra Abhishek
Published: March 2022

Stress and lack of adequate sleep do have an increased likelihood of an individual suffering from recurrent oral aphthous ulcers. IBD (inflammatory bowel disease) and chronic constipation also have an influence of a higher incidence of oral ulcers. Intake of spicy food such as pickles, tomato, tamarind sauce, lemons also increase the incidence of oral ulcers. Higher incidence of benign oral papillomas in sexually active age group highly suggests the association of HPV with occurrence of papillomas.
Risk factors of tuberculosis (TB) among homeless population in Chennai city
Authors: Chinnaraj Murugan , Logaraj M. , John K. R. , Ramakrishna Balakrishnan S.
Published: March 2022

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major concern among high-risk populations such as the homeless. Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem. The Chennai City has a large population of homeless persons and caregivers and is estimated to be the largest TB-endemic area in the intermediate-prevalence country, India. However, there have been few studies of homeless persons and caregivers. The objective of this study to assess the prevalence and risk factors for pulmonary TB among homeless population around Chennai. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study for screening TB symptoms using questionnaire. The study participants were recruited from 15 zones, which included 47-night shelters around Chennai under the control of the Chennai City in Tamil Nadu. Data was collected from homeless people who were living in night shelters in the northern, central, and southern regions of Chennai City. Results: Complete responses were available from 484 individuals (263 homeless persons and 173 caregivers). Four active TB cases (1.5%) among homeless persons were found, while there were no cases among caregivers.
Effect of educational program on nurses' role during and post CPR in Khartoum state hospitals
Authors: Ebrahim Elturabi Elsayed
Published: March 2022

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is knowing as the sudden, stopped of heart function and respiratory breathing also is stopped unexpected condition and potentially reversible, clinically manifested by unconsciousness, apnea, weak or absent pulse if not treated within minute leads to death. The nurse is importance to knowing about the intervention when found patient arrested now a day not for medical staff must be knowing regarding of CPR but the general population should be training about how to save arrested person.
Peningkatan hasil belajar senam lantai guling ke depan dengan menggunakan media matras dan variasi pembelajaran pada siswa kelas X.1
Authors: Sukaryono Agus
Published: March 2022

Proses pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani materi senam lantai guling ke depan kelas X.1, tampak siswa masih sulit mempelajari gerakan senam lantai guling ke depan yang diberikan oleh guru pendidikan jasmani. Terdapat kesulitan-kesulitan yang dirasakan siswa yaitu sulit pada saat impact dengan matras sebagian besar siswa menggunakan kepala bukan dengan tengkuk. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar senam lantai guling depan dengan menggunakan media matras dan variasi pembelajaran pada siswa kelas X.1. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang meliputi; 1) perencanaa, 2) tindakan, 3) pengamatan, dan 4) refleksi. Subyek penelitian adalah peneliti sendiri sebagai guru pendidikan jasmani siswa kelas X.1 SMAN Kunir Kabupaten Lumajang. Jumlah siswa yang ada di kelas tersebut sebanyak 35 siswa. Hasil penelitian siklus pertama meningkatkan hasil belajar 62,86%. Siklus kedua meningkatkan hasil belajar 74,29% dan siklus ketiga meningkatkan hasil belajar 94,29%. Kesimpulan yang dapat dalam penelitian ini adalah media matras dan variasi pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan proses pembelajaran dan hasil belajar gerakan senam lantai guling ke depan pada siswa kelas X.1 SMAN Kunir Kabupaten Lumajang.
Perjuangan melayani kesempatan mengenyam pendidikan di pelosok Tanjung Lesung, Sintang, Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Sainawati Sainawati , Samodra Y. Touvan Juni
Published: March 2022

Best Practice ini disusun atas dasar kerja nyata yang telah dilakukan selama bertahun tahun. Usaha untuk memberikan layanan pendidikan yang layak dari daereh terpencil merupakan usaha yang harus dimulai dari kesadaran akan pentingnya mendidik generasi yang akan dating. Kebutuhan akan adanya sekolah Di Desa Tanjung lesung, Sintang, Kalimantan Barat merupakan hal yang sangat penting. SD engeri 18 Lubuk Kedang memcoba untuk mengawali pendirian sekolah jauh agar melayani pendidikan terhadap masyarakat.  Sekolah jauh berdiri dengan bermodal dukungan masyarakat dengah hibah tanah dengan satu orang guru dan proses pembelajaran dilakukan di balai Desa. Terjadi lika liku selama sekolah jauh ini dilaksanakan sampai 7 tahun. Dukungan masyarakat, dewat adat, kepala dusun serta kepala desa menjadikan sekolah berkembang dengan baik. Akhirnya pada tahun 2020 sekolah jauh Tanjung Lesung di negerikan dengan SK nomor SK 55 Tahun 2020 termasuk dalam 10 sekolah lain yang statusnya dinegerikan. Dengan nama baru sekolah menjadi Sekolah Dasar Negeri 52 Tanjung Lesung.
Upaya peningkatan hasil belajar passing bawah permainan bola voli dengan metode kerja kelompok pada siswa kelas X
Authors: Thowil Makhis Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Pelajaran permainan bolavoli diminati oleh sebagian banyak siswa karena sifatnya adalah bermain dan berkompetisi. Namun kenyataan di lapangan masih banyak kendala yang ditemui dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran permainan bolavoli. Salah satu alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk solusi permasalahan tersebut adalah metode kerja kelompok. Metode kerja kelompok pada pendidikan jasmani merupakan suatu langkah penyajian pelajaran dengan cara siswa mengerjakan tugas dalam situasi kelompok di bawah bimbingan guru. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil belajar dari penerapan metode kerja kelompok pada pembelajaran passing bawah permainan bolavoli siswa. Penelitian ini berpendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dan berjenis Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X MIPA 2 SMA Negeri Balung Kabupaten Jember sebanyak 40 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa pada siklus 1 siswa yang mendapat nilai B = 0%, nilai C = 51% dan nilai D = 49%. Pada siklus 2 terdapat peningkatan nilai B = 5%, nilai C = 60% dan nilai D = 5%. Sedangkan pada siklus yang keempat nilai D : 0%, nilai C = 5%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan jika penerapan metode kerja kelompok efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi belajar passing bawah permainan bolavoli siswa kelas X SMA Negeri Balung Kabupaten Jember.
Successful IgM-enriched immunoglobulin treatment in severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report
Authors: Dastan Farzaneh , Afzal Golnaz , Ghadimi Somayeh , Jamaati Hamidreza , Eskandari Raha , Nazari Mohammad Farzad , Yousefian Sahar , Hashemian Seyed Mohammad Reza , Savadkoohi Ali Amir , Tabarsi Payam
Published: March 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has turned into one of the most considerable challenges worldwide. The optimal treatment strategy, particularly in severely ill patients, is still unrecognized. IgM-enriched immunoglobulin (Pentaglobin®, Biotest AG, Dreieich, Germany) contains IgM, IgA and IgG against a variety of pathogens representing passive immune protection for affected individuals and it may be effective in the treatment of COVID-19. On March 16, 2020, a 32-year-old woman presented to Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, Iran. On admission, the peripheral oxygen saturation (O2 Sat) was 84%. Spiral chest computed tomography (CT) scan revealed bilateral ground-glass opacification (GGO) involvement. On March 19, 2020, the clinical condition was deteriorated, and her O2 Sat decreased to 70% in ambient air. Treatment with IgM-enriched immunoglobulin was immediately initiated over the course of three days (total dose for the patient was calculated to be 1500 ml). On the seventh day of hospitalization, the patient was discharged with satisfactory general condition, without any complaints, and with stable vital signs and O2 Sat of 95% on room air. In conclusion, IgM-enriched immunoglobulin could be considered as a potential option for the treatment of severely ill patients with COVID-19.
CUMHURBAŞKANLIĞI HÜKÜMET SİSTEMİNDE İKİ DEFADAN FAZLA CUMHURBAŞKANI SEÇİLEMEME KURALI
Authors: ŞENTOP Mustafa
Published: March 2022

16 Nisan 2017 tarihinde gerçekleştirilen halk oylaması sonucunda kabul edilerek yürürlüğe giren 21.01.2017 tarihli ve 6771 sayılı Kanun’la Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihinin en kapsamlı Anayasa değişikliklerinden birisi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Söz konusu Anayasa değişikliği ile Türkiye’de hükümet sistemi değişmiş; parlamenter hükümet sistemi yerini cumhurbaşkanlığı hükümet sistemine bırakmıştır. Bu kapsamda 6771 sayılı Kanun, yürütme erkinin oluşumu ile görev ve yetkilerine ilişkin Anayasa hükümlerinde önemli değişiklikler yapmış ve yeni esaslar benimsemiştir.

2017 tarihli söz konusu Anayasa değişikliği sonrasında Anayasa’nın 6771 sayılı Kanun’la değişik 101’inci maddesinde yer alan “bir kimse en fazla iki defa Cumhurbaşkanı seçilebilir” kuralının uygulanma şekline dair öğretide ve kamuoyunda bazı tartışmalar görülmüştür. Büyük ölçüde, 6771 sayılı Kanun’la değiştirilmeden önce de Anayasa’da aynı içerikte bir kuralın yer alıyor olmasına dayanan bu tartışmaların odağını, 2017 tarihli Anayasa değişikliğinden önce yapılan Cumhurbaşkanı seçimlerinin “bir kimse en fazla iki defa Cumhurbaşkanı seçilebilir” kuralının uygulanmasına etkisi oluşturmaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışmada, yorum yöntemlerinden ve kanunların zaman bakımından uygulanmasına ilişkin ilkelerden hareketle, “parlamenter hükümet sistemi döneminde gerçekleştirilen Cumhurbaşkanlığı seçimlerinin, cumhurbaşkanlığı hükümet sisteminde en fazla iki defa Cumhurbaşkanı seçilebilme kuralı uygulanırken dikkate alınıp alınmayacağı” sorusunun cevabı aranacaktır.
SERİ MUHAKEME USULÜ TEKLİFİNİ KABUL ETME VE SUÇ İKRARI İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: KAŞLI Enver
Published: March 2022

Seri muhakeme usulü, itham pazarlnn bir türü olarak deerlendirilmektedir. Seri muhakeme usulünde üpheli daha az ceza almak için usulün uygulanmasna ilikin teklifi kabul ederek savclk makam ile anlamaktadr. Bu süreç mahkeme tarafndan denetlenmektedir. Savc ve üpheli arasndaki anlama mahkeme tarafndan onaylandktan sonra üpheli, sank olmadan mahkum olmaktadr. Seri muhakeme usulünün balca faydalar, dosyann hzl ve kesin olarak sonlandrlmas, daha az masraf gerektirmesidir. tham pazarlnn uygulanmas için failin, suç ikrar gerekmektedir. Oysaki seri muhakeme usulünün uygulanmas için 5271 sayl Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu m.250’de “suç ikrar” yerine teklifin kabul edilmesinden bahsedilmektedir. Bu çalmada seri muhakeme usulü teklifini kabul etme, suçunu ikrar etmek midir ve seri muhakeme usulü teklifini kabul etmek için suç ikrarnda bulunmak gerekir mi sorular aratrlmtr. Sonuç olarak yürürlükteki düzenlemeye göre seri muhakeme usulü teklifini kabul etmenin suç ikrar anlamna gelmedii ve bu usulün uygulanmas için suç ikrar koulunun zorunlu olmad kanaatine ulalmtr.
The Influence of Word Frequency of Occurrence and Visual Imagery on L2 Incidental Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Aldukhayel Dukhayel
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of word frequency of occurrence and visual imagery on incidental vocabulary learning through viewing a documentary. The study attempts to answer these questions: (1) To what extent does L2 incidental vocabulary learning occur through viewing a documentary?; (2) What is the influence of word frequency of occurrence on incidental learning of L2 unfamiliar words?; (3) What is the influence of visual imagery on incidental learning of L2 unfamiliar words?. This study is significant because it exploits social media sites which are excellent resources for viewing videos by most young EFL learners. Participants were 63 EFL students who viewed a captioned documentary. Two groups of word families that included 12 target words were prepared. The first group, labeled the sensitive group, had six words from the third and fourth 1000-word list and occurred three times or more in the documentary with different levels of visual imagery support. The second group, labeled the challenging group, included six words from the sixth and seventh 1000-word list that had only one occurrence in the documentary with almost no visual imagery support. The study used a multiple-choice vocabulary test as a pretest and posttest to measure receptive knowledge of the meaning of the target vocabulary items. The findings suggested that viewing a documentary positively affected incidental vocabulary learning and that learning was positively affected by word frequency of occurrence as well as visual imagery.
Language Use in the Multilingual Classroom Settings of West Africa: A Review of Selected Literature
Authors: Owusu Edward , Adade-Yeboah Asuamah , Rockson Kweku , Ali Dansieh Solomon , Adoma Samuel Kyei
Published: March 2022

Linguistically, most Africans are multilingual entities. Extremely, the seventeen (17) West African states display this feature. Thus, in a typical L2 classroom in Africa, the learner is likely to come into contact with several languages. These languages are mostly the official languages(s), the second or third language(s), the international language, and the indigenous languages spoken by both the learners and the teachers. Sometimes, the official language(s) is/are selected indigenous languages (for example, Igbo, Yoruba, and Hausa, in the case of Nigeria). In some cases, the second language is the international language used for official engagements and international discourse. In Western Africa, Ghana is one such country that uses English as both the official and international language. When learners from diverse sociocultural backgrounds are exposed to several languages in a particular classroom setting, a lot of processes emerge. One of such processes is nativisation or indigenisation or localisation of the formal classroom language. This is the process where language learners use the formal classroom language in a manner that suits their communicative needs. This paper is a review of selected empirical studies on the use of language in the multilingual classrooms of selected African countries. The cases and papers were purposively sampled from five West African states of Cameroon, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Niger, and Nigeria. This paper argues that language contact processes such as localisation, pidginization, and creolization are not aberrant forms per se; and since they serve the informal linguistic needs of multilingual second language learners, they should be given a place in language use.
Manajemen Kepala Sekolah sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Profesionalisme Guru
Authors: Zahiq Moh.
Published: March 2022

The world of education from time to time began to experience rapid development, therefore, to manage and develop education in schools requires management knowledge and a leader/head, therefore the principal is in charge of improving the education system so that education is more efficient and effective. And the principal serves as a supervisor, as a manager, as an educator, and as an entrepreneurship developer, in carrying out his duties the principal needs teaching staff who have different logic, personality, social, and professional potential. Professional teachers have personal, social, intellectual, moral, and spiritual responsibilities, and can carry out their duties as teachers. Professional teachers have adequate professional education qualifications, have abilities following their fields. because management science is one of the most important aspects in managing an institution or agency, including educational institutions.
STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN KELAS DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM UNTUK PENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Budiya Bahroin , Al Anshori Thoriq
Published: March 2022

The Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teacher at the Amanatul Ummah Islamic Boarding School Mojokerto-Based Middle School is the class manager. In practice in the field, PAI teachers face many obstacles in managing the classroom. The Amanatul Ummah Islamic Boarding School-Based Middle School in Mojokerto has tried to carry out classroom management strategies well and maximally. This is proven by several achievements in academic and non-academic fields. The purpose of this study is to describe classroom management strategies in improving student achievement in Amanatul Ummah Islamic Boarding School Mojokerto-Based Junior High School, and to describe the obstacles and solutions to overcome the obstacles faced. This research is a field research The findings in this study are the classroom management strategy in Islamic Religious Education learning in improving student achievement at the Amanatul Ummah Islamic Boarding School Mojokerto-Based Middle School which includes 4 (four) activities, namely structuring the learning environment, teaching methods for teachers (educators), class administration, and setting behavior and giving motivation to students. Barriers faced by teachers in implementing strategies classroom management consists of internal factors and external factors. Internal factors include motivational factors and students' psychological conditions. External factors include time and media allocation constraints. The inhibiting factor, namely the diversity of characteristics of students, teachers / homeroom teachers who have different understandings in classroom management.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM SECARA DARING SMA ISLAM NGORO JOMBANG
Authors: Hakim Arif Rahman , Budiyono Ahmad , Wardana Mochamad Halim
Published: March 2022

Education is a process in order to influence students so that they can adapt as best they can to their environment and cause changes in themselves to function properly in community life. Students can grow and develop in changing themselves well in an educational institution, namely through the teaching process. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of learning Islamic Religious Education online at SMA Islam Ngoro Jombang. This study used a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques were observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the application of online Islamic Religious Education learning has been going well. In the process of implementing online Islamic Religious Education learning, there are the following steps: First, preparation, determining learning materials, explaining learning objectives and competencies achieved, and making an online learning schedule. Second, implementation, providing material and a problem to be studied and solved, guiding and maintaining an online learning atmosphere, presenting learning outcomes, evaluating and collecting settlement results. Third, evaluation of learning outcomes by providing input related to the online learning process of Islamic Religious Education.
DESAIN KEGIATAN EKSTRA KEAGAMAAN SEKOLAH DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER RELIGIUS SISWA
Authors: Holilurrohman Moch.
Published: March 2022

Abstract

This study discusses the design of extra-school religious activities in forming religious-character students at SMPN 31 Surabaya. The objectives of this study are: 1) To find out the school's efforts in forming religious character students at SMPN 31 Surabaya; 2) To find out what are the extra-religious activities of the school in forming students of religious character at SMPN 31 Surabaya; 3) To find out the supporting and inhibiting factors in designing extra-school religious activities in forming religious-character students at SMPN 31 Surabaya. This study includes research that uses a qualitative descriptive research approach and type. The data collection techniques used by researchers in this study were observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique in this research is to use qualitative descriptive methods. From the research conducted by researchers, the results obtained are that the school's strategy in forming students of Surabaya's religious character is carried out in several ways both during learning activities and outside of school hours or religious extracurricular activities. What are the extra-religious activities of the school in forming students of religious character are Dhuha prayer in congregation, Prayer together before starting lessons, obligatory prayer in congregation, istighotsah together, reading and writing programs of the Koran, Islamic holidays, Friday program 'at sharing. As for the supporting and inhibiting factors in these activities, of course there are such as there are still some students who do not participate in the activity and also some inadequate infrastructure.
Potensi Antioksidan Ekstrak Kombinasi Air-Etanol Pada Simplisia Selada Air (Nasturtium officinale R. Br)
Authors: Amanda Karina Tria , Raharjo Sentot Joko
Published: March 2022

Secara empiris tanaman selada air berpotensi sebagai sayuran yang kaya antioksidan, namun belum ada pengkajian potensi aktivitas antioksidan hasil maserasi simplisia selada air dengan pelarut kombinasi air-etanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui optimasi rendemen dan aktivitas antioksidan (nilai IC50) hasil maserasi simplisia selada air menggunakan pelarut kombinasi etanol-air. Metode penelitian ini adalah penentuan rendemen dan nilai IC50 menggunakan metode DPPH dari hasil maserasi simplisia selada air menggunakan pelarut kombinasi air-etanol (96, 70, 30 dan 0%). Rendemen hasil maserasi simplisia selada air dengan pelarut kombinasi air-etanol (96, 70, 30 dan 0%) berturut-turut adalah 9,25±1,62%, 15,63±1,25%, 23,63±2,38%, dan 19,99±3,82%. Nilai IC50 berturut-turut adalah 613,77±1,90 ppm, 190,892±5,41 ppm, 350,78±1,77 ppm, dan 2418,59±137,80 ppm. Kesimpulan penelitian ini, rendemen hasil maserasi yang optimal ditunjukkan pada pelarut kombinasi air-etanol 30% (23,63%) dan nilai IC50 yang optimal ditunjukkan pada pelarut kombinasi air-etanol 70% (190,892 ppm).
Implementasi Manajemen Pembelajaran Daring Berbantuan Platform Kahoot Terhadap Kepuasan Mahasiswa
Authors: Primayana Kadek Hengki
Published: March 2022

Online learning has become a model for mainstream learning interactions during the Covid-19 pandemic. Online distance learning is an effective way to tackle learning that allows teachers and students to interact in virtual classrooms that can be accessed anywhere and anytime. One of the learning alternatives that are popularly used today is virtual classes using the Kahoot platform. Learning using the Kahoot platform is very well used to increase student interest in learning. By using the Kahoot platform in online collaborative learning, it is possible to avoid learning alone, each member who is involved in collaborative online can utilize one another's resources and skills, this means that it makes it easier to get information from each member in it, evaluate ideas, monitor the work of one each other. Keywords: Online Learning, Kahoot, Student Satisfaction
Compensating Solar Prosumers Using Buy-All, Sell-All as an Alternative to Net Metering and Net Purchasing: Total Use, Rebound, and Cross Subsidization
Authors: Schwarz Peter M. , Duma Nathan , Camadan Ercument
Published: March 2022

Electric utilities are challenging net metering, which compensates owners of residential solar photovoltaic systems by crediting solar generation at the retail rate instead of reflecting the value of solar to the utility. In 2012, Austin Energy was the first US utility to replace net metering with Buy-All, Sell-All, where prosumers purchase all electricity at the retail rate and sell all electricity at the utility’s value of solar rate. Using Austin Energy customer data for hot weather months, a load curve comparison of comparably sized houses shows that prosumers have higher consumption than non-solar customers during system peak hours. Regression analysis finds that prosumers use more energy for air conditioning, with a rebound effect of 20%. A simulation shows that under net metering and net purchasing almost 7% of prosumer bills would be paid by non-solar customers while total subsidy would be 18% due to the inclusion of increasing block rates.
Políticas que Beneficiem Mães Solo Rumo à Equidade Étnico-Racial e de Gênero
Authors: Cássia Grossi Janaína , Rodrigues Silva Santos Camila
Published: March 2022

Nesta carta executiva propomos uma reflexão sobre as Mães Solo e o impacto deste arranjo familiar no desenvolvimento profissional dessas mães e na saúde financeira, afetiva e psicológica dessas famílias.
AP-2α and AP-2β cooperatively function in the craniofacial surface ectoderm to regulate chromatin and gene expression dynamics during facial development
Authors: Van Otterloo Eric , Milanda Isaac , Pike Hamish , Thompson Jamie A , Li Hong , Jones Kenneth L , Williams Trevor
Published: March 2022

The facial surface ectoderm is essential for normal development of the underlying cranial neural crest cell populations, providing signals that direct appropriate growth, patterning, and morphogenesis. Despite the importance of the ectoderm as a signaling center, the molecular cues and genetic programs implemented within this tissue are understudied. Here, we show that removal of two members of the AP-2 transcription factor family, AP-2α and AP-2ß, within the early embryonic ectoderm of the mouse leads to major alterations in the craniofacial complex. Significantly, there are clefts in both the upper face and mandible, accompanied by fusion of the upper and lower jaws in the hinge region. Comparison of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq analyses between controls and mutants revealed significant changes in chromatin accessibility and gene expression centered on multiple AP-2 binding motifs associated with enhancer elements within these ectodermal lineages. In particular, loss of these AP-2 proteins affects both skin differentiation as well as multiple signaling pathways, most notably the WNT pathway. We also determined that the mutant clefting phenotypes that correlated with reduced WNT signaling could be rescued by Wnt1 ligand overexpression in the ectoderm. Collectively, these findings highlight a conserved ancestral function for AP-2 transcription factors in ectodermal development and signaling, and provide a framework from which to understand the gene regulatory network operating within this tissue that directs vertebrate craniofacial development.
Remodeling of dermal adipose tissue alleviates cutaneous toxicity induced by anti-EGFR therapy
Authors: Chen Leying , You Qing , Liu Min , Li Shuaihu , Wu Zhaoyu , Hu Jiajun , Ma Yurui , Xia Liangyong , Zhou Ying , Xu Nan , Zhang Shiyi
Published: March 2022

Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy–associated cutaneous toxicity is a syndrome characterized by papulopustular rash, local inflammation, folliculitis, and microbial infection, resulting in a decrease in quality of life and dose interruption. However, no effective clinical intervention is available for this adverse effect. Here, we report the atrophy of dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT), a highly plastic adipose tissue with various skin-specific functions, correlates with rash occurrence and exacerbation in a murine model of EGFR inhibitor-induced rash. The reduction in dWAT is due to the inhibition of adipogenic differentiation by defects in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling, and increased lipolysis by the induced expression of the lipolytic cytokine IL6. The activation of PPARγ by rosiglitazone maintains adipogenic differentiation and represses the transcription of IL6, eventually improving skin functions and ameliorating the severity of rash without altering the antitumor effects. Thus, activation of PPARγ represents a promising approach to ameliorate cutaneous toxicity in patients with cancer who receive anti-EGFR therapy.
Drug targeting Nsp1-ribosomal complex shows antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Afsar Mohammad , Narayan Rohan , Akhtar Md Noor , Das Deepakash , Rahil Huma , Nagaraj Santhosh Kambaiah , Eswarappa Sandeep M , Tripathi Shashank , Hussain Tanweer
Published: March 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 1 (Nsp1) contains an N-terminal domain and C-terminal helices connected by a short linker region. The C-terminal helices of Nsp1 (Nsp1-C-ter) from SARS-CoV-2 bind in the mRNA entry channel of the 40S ribosomal subunit and blocks mRNA entry, thereby shutting down host protein synthesis. Nsp1 suppresses host immune function and is vital for viral replication. Hence, Nsp1 appears to be an attractive target for therapeutics. In this study, we have in silico screened Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs against Nsp1-C-ter. Among the top hits obtained, montelukast sodium hydrate binds to Nsp1 with a binding affinity (KD) of 10.8 ± 0.2 µM in vitro. It forms a stable complex with Nsp1-C-ter in simulation runs with –95.8 ± 13.3 kJ/mol binding energy. Montelukast sodium hydrate also rescues the inhibitory effect of Nsp1 in host protein synthesis, as demonstrated by the expression of firefly luciferase reporter gene in cells. Importantly, it shows antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 with reduced viral replication in HEK cells expressing ACE2 and Vero-E6 cells. We, therefore, propose montelukast sodium hydrate can be used as a lead molecule to design potent inhibitors to help combat SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Conformational dynamics and allosteric modulation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike
Authors: Díaz-Salinas Marco A , Li Qi , Ejemel Monir , Yurkovetskiy Leonid , Luban Jeremy , Shen Kuang , Wang Yang , Munro James B
Published: March 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects cells through binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This interaction is mediated by the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike (S) glycoprotein. Structural and dynamic data have shown that S can adopt multiple conformations, which controls the exposure of the ACE2-binding site in the RBD. Here, using single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) imaging, we report the effects of ACE2 and antibody binding on the conformational dynamics of S from the Wuhan-1 strain and in the presence of the D614G mutation. We find that D614G modulates the energetics of the RBD position in a manner similar to ACE2 binding. We also find that antibodies that target diverse epitopes, including those distal to the RBD, stabilize the RBD in a position competent for ACE2 binding. Parallel solution-based binding experiments using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) indicate antibody-mediated enhancement of ACE2 binding. These findings inform on novel strategies for therapeutic antibody cocktails.