bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crowd work in STEM‐related fields: A window of opportunity from a gender perspective?
Authors: Petroff Alisa , Fierro Jaime
Published: December 2022

After the Global Financial Crisis (2008) many people found new job opportunities on crowd platforms. The COVID‐19 crisis reinforced this trend and virtual work is expected to increase. Although the working conditions of individuals engaged on these platforms is an emerging topic, of research, the existing literature tends to overlook the gendered dimension of the gig economy. Following a quantitative approach, based on the statistical analysis of 444 profiles (platform Freelancer.com in Spain and Argentina), we examine the extent to which the gig economy reproduces gender inequalities such as the underrepresentation of women in STEM‐related tasks and the gender pay gap. While the findings reveal lower participation of women than men, this gap is not higher in Argentina than in Spain. Moreover, gender variations in hourly wages are not as marked as expected, and such differences disappear once STEM skill levels are controlled for. Asymmetry in individuals' STEM skill level provides a better explanation than gender of the hourly wage differences. This finding opens a window of opportunity to mitigate the classical gender discrimination that women face in technological fields in traditional labor markets. Finally, the paper identifies some issues concerning the methodological bias entailed by the use of an application programming interface in cyber‐research, when analyzing gender inequalities.
Delivering on the European Pillar of Social Rights: Towards a needs‐based distribution of the European social funds?
Authors: Hermans Karen , Greiss Johanna , Delanghe Heleen , Cantillon Bea
Published: December 2022

Through the European Social Fund (ESF) and the Fund for European Aid to the Most Deprived (FEAD), the European Union (EU) acts as a ‘material supporter’ of national welfare states. Remarkably, the European Social Fund Plus, integrating ESF and FEAD, is presented as the main financial instrument to implement the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR). This raises the question of what these levers can do in terms of financial support, especially for Member States with greater social needs. By using the Social Scoreboard indicators that monitor the implementation of the EPSR, we analyse the size and distribution of ESF and FEAD according to Member States' economic capacity, social needs and efforts required to meet the European social goals. We find that the funds benefit relatively more the poorer Member States who also tend to have greater social needs. However, especially for ESF, there are significant deviations from this general pattern. Some countries consistently receive less funding than others with similar levels of social needs, and vice versa. Moreover, if, from the perspective of upward convergence, the budgets are expressed as a percentage of the efforts required to lift all income‐poor citizens to the EU‐wide at‐risk‐of‐poverty threshold, countries who need to make the greatest efforts receive less funding. These outcomes are partly driven by the funds' allocation rules, which give only little importance to the great social discrepancies between countries. This raises the question whether social needs should be taken more into account in the distribution of the funds.
A Danish national, multicentre evaluation of the new donor vigilance system among different staff groups
Authors: Mikkelsen Christina , Paarup Helene Martina , Bruun Mie Topholm , Pedersen Louise Ørnskov , Hasslund Sys , Larsen Rune , Aagaard Bitten , Sørensen Betina Samuelsen
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives

Two years after implementing a new national donor vigilance system, the Danish Haemovigilance Committee conducted a nationwide survey to evaluate the implementation among different staff groups. We present the results here.

Materials and Methods

The study was designed as an anonymous online survey to evaluate the satisfaction with the new registration, understanding of the parameters used and the user‐friendliness. The REDCap platform was used. The questionnaire consisted of 22 questions. Ordinal variables were answered using five‐point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). The data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Successful implementation was defined as mean overall satisfaction ≥4 and mean understanding of the individual components (adverse reaction category, severity and imputability) in the registration ≥4.

Results

In all, 104 staff members (77.9% donation staff) participated. The mean (SD) overall satisfaction among all participants was 3.96 (0.94), highest among medical doctors (4.43 (0.78)) and lowest for administrative or other personnel (2.78 (1.09)). The mean scores for understanding the adverse reaction categories, severity and imputability were 3.92 (0.94), 3.92 (0.94) and 3.88 (1.00), respectively. Experience with a previous donor vigilance system was associated with lower scores. The most successful implementation programme included a medical doctor for introduction and a contact person.

Conclusion

The goal for successful implementation was not met. However, the overall attitude towards the new registration was positive and indicates that the system is suitable for different staff groups. Our results suggest that implementation could benefit from special attention to administrative staff and those accustomed to another donor vigilance system.
Fabrication, and Direct Current and cryogenic analysis of SF6-treated AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diodes
Authors: Fornasiero Quentin , Defrance Nicolas , Lepilliet Sylvie , Avramovic Vanessa , Cordier Yvon , Frayssinet Eric , Lesecq Marie , Idir Nadir , De Jaeger Jean-Claude
Published: December 2022

Schottky contacts on fluorine implanted AlGaN/GaN heterostructures with the ideality factor close to unity and low on-voltage threshold are presented in this paper. An SF6 plasma anode pretreatment followed by a specific low-temperature annealing is also compared to a nonannealed sample. In addition, physical-model parameters are extracted by means of cryogenic temperature measurements to understand the conduction mechanisms involved in annealed diodes, showing better DC performances than their nonannealed counterparts. Furthermore, annealing induces a decrease of the ideality factor, which sets the field-enhanced thermionic emission as the main conduction mechanism, and reduces the tunneling reverse current leakage. This effect is attributed to the recovery of the plasma-induced damages.
Designing lethal technologies
Law, Ethics and Emerging Military Technologies
George Lucas
Routledge, 2022. 232 pp.
Authors: Cronin Audrey Kurth
Published: December 2022

An ethicist offers a framework for incorporating ethical and legal constraints into autonomous and AI weapons
Multiple pathways to stretchable electronics
Authors: Rafeedi Tarek , Lipomi Darren J.
Published: December 2022

Stretchable conductors expand the interfaces with biological structures
Prophylactic Administration of the Monoclonal Antibody Adintrevimab Protects against SARS-CoV-2 in Hamster and Non-Human Primate Models of COVID-19
Authors: Zumbrun Elizabeth E. , Kaku Chengzi I. , Dillinger Lukas , Zak Samantha E. , Kuehne Ana I. , Bakken Russel R. , Koehler Jeffrey W. , Delp Korey L. , Stefan Christopher P. , Kumar Raina , Kugelman Jeffrey R. , Moreau Alicia M. , Zeng Xiankun , Dye John M. , Herbert Andrew S. , Narayan Kristin , Walker Laura M.
Published: December 2022

Adintrevimab is a human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody engineered to have broad neutralization against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and other SARS-like coronaviruses with pandemic potential. In both Syrian golden hamster and rhesus macaque models, prophylactic administration of a single dose of adintrevimab provided protection against SARS-CoV-2/WA1/2020 infection in a dose-dependent manner, as measured by significant reductions in lung viral load and virus-induced lung pathology, and by inhibition of viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract.
Draft Genome Sequences of Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, and Lactococcus lactis Strains Isolated from a Mastitis-Infected Camel in Isiolo County, Kenya
Authors: Maichomo Monicah , Gachogo Rachael , Masila Ednah , Ogali Irene , Otieno Leon , Langat Nathan , Onywera Ruth , Malonza Vincent , Inguyesi Christine , Onyambu Frank , Gicheru Nimmo , Wesonga Hezron , Murungi Edwin
Published: December 2022

We report the draft genome sequences and annotation of
Enterococcus faecium
,
Enterococcus gallinarum
, and
Lactococcus lactis
isolates that were recovered from a mastitis-infected camel in Isiolo County, Kenya. Collectively, these data provide an invaluable repository for data mining to support the development of a potential multicomponent mastitis subunit vaccine.
Diurnal Variation of Epiphytic Microbiota: an Unignorable Factor Affecting the Anaerobic Fermentation Characteristics of Sorghum-Sudangrass Hybrid Silage
Authors: Dong Zhihao , Li Junfeng , Wang Siran , Dong Dong , Shao Tao
Published: December 2022

Ensiling is a way to preserve wet biomass for animal and bioenergy production worldwide. The fermentation quality of silage is largely dependent on the epiphytic microbiota of the material.
Supplemental Material: Diachronous subduction, closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean, and collisional accretion of microcontinents: Insights from the early Paleozoic intermediate-mafic rocks in the Amdo microcontinent of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Peng Yinbiao , Yu Shengyao , al. et
Published: December 2022

Table S1: Summary of age data for the Ediacaran–early Paleozoic magmatic rocks in the East Asian blocks along the northern margin of East Gondwana. Table S2: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results for the igneous rocks from the Amdo microcontinent, central Tibet. Table S3: Hf isotopic data of zircons for the intermediate-mafic rocks from the Amdo microcontinent, central Tibet. Table S4: Whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the meta-basites from the Amdo microcontinent, central Tibet. Table S5: Major- and trace-element compositions of the intermediate-mafic rocks from the Amdo microcontinent, central Tibet. Figure S1: TiO2 (wt%) vs. Th/NbPM, showing partial melting of spinel peridotite source with assimilation of crustal melts.
Backscattering Characteristics of Optical and Electromagnetic Waves in Joint Sensing of Cirrus Clouds by a Polarizing Lidar (0.355 µm) and a 94-GHz Radar
Authors: Shishko V. A. , Timofeev D. N. , Konoshonkin A. V. , Kustova N. V. , Kan N. , Tkachev I. V. , Masuda K. , Ishimoto H. , Okamoto H. , Borovoi A. G.
Published: December 2022

In this work, the problem of radiation scattering by ice crystals typical for cirrus clouds is solved for a 94-GHz radar (wavelength 3189 µm) and a lidar (wavelength 0.355 µm); the ice refractive indices are 1.7864 + 0.0032i and 1.3249 + 0i, respectively. The scattering matrices are calculated within the physical optics approximation and the discrete dipole approximation for the case of randomly oriented particles with sizes from 4 to 1000 µm. The ratio of the radar and lidar backscattering signals in the backward direction (the so-called radar–lidar ratio) is calculated for a wide range of the particle size for typical shapes of cirrus cloud ice crystals. It is shown that this ratio can be used for estimating the size of ice crystals in cirrus clouds.
Consensus on a jockey’s injury prevention framework for video analysis: a modified Delphi study
Authors: Lucas Daloni , Stokes Keith , McGuigan Polly , Hill Jerry , Cazzola Dario
Published: December 2022

Professional horse racing is a high-risk and dangerous sport with a high incidence of falls and injuries. While falls in horse racing are considered somewhat inevitable and carry an inherent occupational risk, little is known about the actual mechanisms of jockey injuries. Establishing injury aetiology and mechanism is a fundamental step in informing the design and implementation of future injury prevention strategies. Despite the availability of horse racing video footage, the use of video analysis to examine injury mechanisms is an underused practice. Using an expert consensus-based approach, an industry expert steering committee was assembled to develop a framework for video analysis research in horse racing. The aim of the framework is to encourage and facilitate the use of video analysis in the sport and to ensure consistency and quality of future application. To achieve consensus, a systematic review and modified Delphi method study design was used. Responses of the steering committee to two open-ended questions regarding the risk factors of falls and injury were collated and combined with findings from a literature search strategy. Appropriate descriptors and definitions were then formulated that defined and described key features of a jockey fall in horse racing and grouped into six discrete phases of an inciting event. Each member of the steering committee then examined the framework of proposed descriptors and definitions and rated their level of agreement on the 5-point Likert scale. A consensus was achieved on a total of 73 horse racing-specific descriptors and 268 associated definitions. The framework outlined in this study provides a valuable starting point for further research and practice within this area, while the recommendations and implications documented aim to facilitate the practical application of video analysis in horse racing.
Remaining popular: power-law regularities in network dynamics
Authors: Somin Shahar , Altshuler Yaniv , Pentland Alex ‘Sandy’ , Shmueli Erez
Published: December 2022

The structure of networks has been a focal research topic over the past few decades. These research efforts have enabled the discovery of numerous structural patterns and regularities, bringing forth advancements in many fields. In particular, the ubiquitous power-law patterns evident in degree distributions, graph eigenvalues and human mobility patterns have provided the opportunity to model many different complex systems. However, regularities in the dynamical patterns of networks remain a considerably less explored terrain. In this study we examine the dynamics of networks, focusing on stability characteristics of node popularity, and present our results using various empirical datasets. Specifically, we address several intriguing questions – for how long are popular nodes expected to remain so? How much time is expected to pass between two consecutive popularity periods? What characterizes nodes which manage to maintain their popularity for long periods of time? Surprisingly, we find that such temporal aspects are governed by a power-law regime, and that these power-law regularities are equally likely across all node ages.
Electro-viscous effect of nanofluid flow over a rotating disk
Authors: Ullah Naqib , Shah Rehan Ali , Khan Muhammad Sohail , Khan Aamir , Oreijah Mowffaq , Guedri Kamel , Galal Ahmed M.
Published: December 2022

In this research work, we investigate an unsteady flow over a rotating disk. We assign symbols to the selected dependent and independent quantities. Then all physical systems are modeled to mathematical form by applying physical laws for an ionized liquid flow over a rotating disk with nanoparticles from the set of Poisson Nernst–Planck model, Energy equation and Navier–Stokes equations. The set of partial differential equations along with the boundary conditions are transformed to a set of coupled ordinary differential equations for an electro-viscous flow of nanofluid over a rotating disk by using similarity transformations. The unknown physical quantities are investigated through Parametric Continuation Method (PCM). For physical purpose, physical quantities like flow behavior thermal properties, thermal variation, the distribution of ions in the fluid region, skin friction, are analyzed through graphical and tabulated results. As exact solutions are not possible for nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) system, therefore, such quantities are subjected to numerical calculation following Parametric Continuation Method (PCM) and validated the result through BVP4c package in Matlab.
Adaptive the Dirichlet model of mobile/immobile advection/dispersion in a time-fractional sense with the reproducing kernel computational approach: Formulations and approximations
Authors: Arqub Omar Abu , Maayah Banan
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we will first present the TFMIADM with its adequate Dirichlet constraints. Right after that, we will review the formation of that model under the terms and assumptions of the RKHSM computational approach. The solutions and modeling of the utilized model will be discussed based on Caputo’s connotation of the partial time derivative. We will present the scores required to construct the appropriate spaces for the method and we will present several theories such as solutions representations, convergence restriction, and order of error. With the use of the Fourier functions expansion rule, the numeric–analytic solutions are expressed by collection sets of orthonormal functions system in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] spaces. Right after that, we will solve this model in both time and space domains using the algorithms of the method used. Indeed, several drawings and tables that expound on the effectiveness and strength of the approach and its adaptation to the issue reviewed are utilized. In the end, some points of view and highlights are presented side by side with the most important modern references used.
Irreversibility analysis for flow of carbon nanotubes with varying length and radius: Applications in rocket engine
Authors: Qadeer Muhammad , Alyami Maryam Ahmed , Khan Umar , Yassen Mansour F. , Alhazmi Sharifah E. , Ullah Basharat
Published: December 2022

In this research work, the two-dimensional (2D), incompressible fluid flow has been taken into consideration. The flow is supposed to be steady and laminar. By considering the water-based nanoparticles of SWCNTs and MWCNTs in the presence of thermal radiation, the rate of heat transferring and entropy generation effects in a regenerative cooling system of a rocket engine are evaluated. The effects of the length and radius of the nanomaterials on the problem are also considered. Solutions for temperature, velocity profile, irreversibility (entropy generation) and the Bejan number are discussed graphically, and the effects of various significant factors are considered on these profiles. The modeled physical problems in current exploration are dependent upon governing laws which appear in terms of PDEs. These PDEs are reformed into a system of nonlinear ODEs. We used numerical scheme known as (RK-4) in combination with the shooting iteration technique to obtain the solutions to transformed fluid flow equations, because the resultant ODEs are extremely nonlinear and finding the exact solution is very difficult. It is investigated that the Eckert number, nanoparticles volume fraction and radiation parameter upsurge the thermal field as well as the irreversibility of the system. Furthermore, the dual behavior of nanoparticles volume fraction and viscosity parameter on velocity profile is observed. Bejan number shows increasing effects in response to nanoparticles volume fraction and radiation parameter, whereas a reverse impact of Bejan number is noticed for the rising values of Eckert number.
Artificial Neural Network-Based Medical Diagnostics and Therapeutics
Authors: Ali Mohammed Hasan , Jaber Mustafa Musa , Abd Sura Khalil , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Jasim Abdali Dakhil
Published: December 2022

The advancement of healthcare technology is impossible without machine learning (ML). There have been numerous advances in ML to analyze, predict, and diagnose medical data. Integrating a centralized scheme and therapy for classifying and diagnosing illnesses and disorders is a major obstacle in modern healthcare. To standardize all medical data into a single repository, researchers have proposed using ML using the centralized artificial neural network model (ML-CANNM). Random tree, support vector machine, and gradient booster are just a few proposed ML classifiers. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been trained using a variety of medical datasets to predict and analyze outcomes. ML-CANNM collects patient data from various studies and uses ML and ANNs to determine the results. Three layers make up an ANN. ML is used to classify the given patients’ data in the input layer. In the hidden layer, classification data are compared to a training dataset. The output layer’s job is to identify, classify, and diagnose diseases. As a result, disease diagnosis and detection are integrated into a single healthcare database. The proposed framework has proven that ML-CANNM works with more accuracy and lesser execution time. Thus, the numerical outcome suggested ML-CANNM increased accuracy ratio of 99.2% and a prediction ratio of 97.5%. The findings further show that the execution time is enhanced by less than 2[Formula: see text]h, decision table using ML and results in an efficiency ratio of 97.5%.
Proposed method of combining continuum mechanics with Einstein Field Equations
Authors: Ogonowski Piotr
Published: December 2022

The paper proposes an amendment to the relativistic continuum mechanics which introduces the relationship between density tensors and the curvature of spacetime. The resulting formulation of a symmetric stress–energy tensor for a system with an electromagnetic field leads to the solution of Einstein Field Equations indicating a relationship between the electromagnetic field tensor and the metric tensor. In this EFE solution, the cosmological constant is related to the invariant of the electromagnetic field tensor, and additional pulls appear, dependent on the vacuum energy contained in the system. In flat Minkowski spacetime, the vanishing four-divergence of the proposed stress–energy tensor expresses relativistic Cauchy’s momentum equation, leading to the emergence of force densities which can be developed and parameterized to obtain known interactions. Transformation equations were also obtained between spacetime with fields and forces, and a curved spacetime reproducing the motion resulting from the fields under consideration, which allows for the extension of the solution with new fields.
An Adaptive Self-Reduction Type-2 Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm for Pattern Recognition
Authors: Baskir Mukerrem Bahar
Published: December 2022

Decisions in real-life can be adversely affected by various uncertainty-sources such as perception-diversity, data-structure and analytical tools. Fuzzy clustering can successfully handle the uncertainties while recognizing patterns in any given data. Nevertheless, type-1 fuzzy clustering techniques has uncertainties on account of precise-nature of primary memberships. Type-2 fuzzy clustering are preferred by many researchers to manage uncertainty in its type-1 version. In type-2 fuzzy clustering, order of fuzziness (fuzzifier) is obtained by interval-valued or general type-2 fuzzy sets. Interval type-2 fuzzy clustering can reduce the computational complexity of type-2 fuzzy set mathematics. However, general type-2 fuzzy clustering scrutinizes uncertainty in fuzzifier using linguistic sets. Interval and general type-2 fuzzy clustering algorithms include type-reduction approaches to obtain type-1 fuzzy sets. Besides, full type-2 fuzzy c-means can be used as a foundation approach in type-2 fuzzy inferences. Although this algorithm includes precise-fuzzifier, it gives a point of view to practically calculate secondary memberships. In this paper, an adaptive type-2 fuzzy clustering algorithm is proposed to manage the uncertainty-sources with a self-reduction procedure. Several numerical results and comparisons are given to demonstrate the achievement of this proposed algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with type-1 and type-2 versions for various multi-dimensional pattern sets from UCI-patterns, Berkeley segmentation database and a real-life application related to sustainable supplier selection in an automotive industry. Consequently, the proposed algorithm reveals fast, convenient and precise results.
On the exterior Dirichlet problem for Hessian-type fully nonlinear elliptic equations
Authors: Li Xiaoliang , Wang Cong
Published: December 2022

We treat the exterior Dirichlet problem for a class of fully nonlinear elliptic equations of the form [Formula: see text] with prescribed asymptotic behavior at infinity. The equations of this type had been studied extensively by Caffarelli et al. [The Dirichlet problem for nonlinear second-order elliptic equations. III. Functions of the eigenvalues of the Hessian, Acta Math. 155 (1985) 261–301], Trudinger [On the Dirichlet problem for Hessian equations, Acta Math. 175 (1995) 151–164] and many others, and there had been significant discussions on the solvability of the classical Dirichlet problem via the continuity method, under the assumption that [Formula: see text] is a concave function. In this paper, based on Perron’s method, we establish an exterior existence and uniqueness result for viscosity solutions of the equations, by assuming [Formula: see text] to satisfy certain structure conditions as in [L. Caffarelli, L. Nirenberg and J. Spruck, The Dirichlet problem for nonlinear second-order elliptic equations. III. Functions of the eigenvalues of the Hessian, Acta Math. 155 (1985) 261–301; N. S. Trudinger, On the Dirichlet problem for Hessian equations, Acta Math. 175 (1995) 151–164] but without requiring the concavity of [Formula: see text]. The equations in our setting may embrace the well-known Monge–Ampère equations, Hessian equations and Hessian quotient equations as special cases.
Well-Balanced Unstaggered Central Scheme Based on the Continuous Approximation of the Bottom Topography
Authors: Dong Jian
Published: December 2022

A key difficulty of the conventional unstaggered central schemes for the shallow water equations (SWEs) is the well-balanced property that may be missed when the computational domain contains wet-dry fronts. To avoid the numerical difficulty caused by the nonconservative product, we construct a linear piecewise continuous bottom topography. We propose a new discretization of the source term on the staggered cells, and a novel “backward” step based on the water surface elevation. The core of this paper is that, we construct a map between the water surface elevation and the cell average of the free surface on the staggered cells to discretize the source term for maintaining the stationary solutions. The positivity-preserving property is obtained by using the “draining” time-step technique. A number of classical problems of the SWEs can be solved reasonably.
Numerical Investigation of Cavitation Flow Characteristics in a Hydrodynamic Levitated Micropump with Eccentric Rotation
Authors: Xue Song , Xing Guanying , Hong Tao , Zuo Huaiyu , Luo Xiaobing
Published: December 2022

In this study, the anti-cavitation performance and cavitation flow characteristics in a hydrodynamic levitated micropump were investigated based on numerical simulation and experiment. The cavitation characteristic curves and the development process of cavitation in the levitated micropump was firstly analyzed. Special emphasis was put on the effects of eccentricity on the anti-cavitation performance. The results show that as the eccentricity increases, the critical cavitation number gradually decreases, indicating that the eccentric rotation is beneficial to improve the anti-cavitation ability of the levitated micropump. The coupling effects between the radial force on the impeller and cavitation were also numerically studied. With the decrease of cavitation number, the radial force on the impeller gradually declines at first, then has a sudden increase and finally reduces with fluctuation. The drop of the radial force will lead to the decrease of eccentricity, resulting in the deterioration of cavitation further. In addition, the unsteady pressure pulsation was analyzed. The predominant frequencies of pressure pulsation are the blade passing frequency (BPF) and the harmonic frequency of BPF under both noncavitation and critical cavitation. Under critical cavitation, the amplitude of BPF has a drop, while the amplitude of low frequency less than BPF becomes larger.
Viscoelastic Solution for Axial Forces of Point-Anchored Rock Bolts in a Circular Tunnel
Authors: Yao Shaoqiang , Cai Hui , Lu Aizhong
Published: December 2022

In this study, a deeply buried circular tunnel supported with point-anchored rock bolts was investigated. Assuming that the effects of each rock bolt on the surrounding rock are simplified to two identical concentrated forces acting in opposite directions, a viscoelastic analytical solution for the axial forces of the rock bolts is presented herein based on the complex variable method and correspondence principle. First, in the solution process, the surrounding rock is considered as an elastic material. A linear equation system for the axial forces was established according to the deformation coordination condition between the surrounding rock and the rock bolts. Second, the surrounding rock was considered as a viscoelastic material. Based on the correspondence principle, Laplace transformation was performed for the equation system of the axial forces to obtain its expression in the Laplace domain, and the values of the axial forces in the Laplace domain could be determined by solving the obtained expression. Finally, the viscoelastic semi-analytical solution for the axial forces was established using the numerical method of the Laplace inverse transformation. The results obtained were also compared with the numerical methods of ANSYS. Accordingly, the effects of the lateral stress coefficient, rock mass Young’s modulus, rock bolt length, viscosity coefficient, and preload on the axial forces of the rock bolts were discussed.
High thermoelectric properties of P-SiGe/Sr0.9La0.1Ti0.9−xZrxNb0.1O3 composite
Authors: Du Yaqian , Yu Haoyang , Li Jianbo , Zhang Lei , Xiao Bin , Wang Xiaohuan , Wang Jun
Published: December 2022

SrTiO3 is a high temperature thermoelectric material with calcium titanite structure that is environmentally friendly and affordable, but the high thermal conductivity at high temperatures limits its development, so how to maintain high electrical properties while reducing thermal conductivity is the most important problem facing SrTiO3. SiGe and SrTiO3 are both thermoelectric materials in the intermediate and high temperature region and have a lot of commonalities, and it is likely to obtain high thermoelectric properties through the interfacial effect of both, however, there is not any study on the compound regulation of the two. Therefore, in this study, phosphorus (P)-doped SiGe was compounded with Zr, La and Nb co-doped SrTiO3. 3 mol.%SiGe(C)/97 mol.% Sr[Formula: see text]La[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text]Zr[Formula: see text]Nb[Formula: see text]O3(Zr1Si3(C)) obtained by sintering under carbon reducing atmosphere shows a relatively large power factor of and low thermal conductivity of 2.88 Wm[Formula: see text]K[Formula: see text] at 1000 K, achieve a ZT value to 0.42 at 1000 K. This is at a high level in this study of SrTiO3 composite thermoelectric materials and provides a new idea for the subsequent study of composite modulation.
On the Synthesis of Novel AgInZn2Te4 Quantum Dots Employing a Green Route
Authors: Kuriakose Libin , Ison V. V.
Published: December 2022

We report the synthesis of novel quaternary AgInZn2Te4 quantum dots (QDs) utilizing organometallic hot injection procedures. By using octadecene and oleylamine as the coordinating solvents and dodecanethiol as the capping ligand, we could arrive at a phosphine-free “green route” for the synthesis. Detailed characterizations were performed using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV–Vis spectroscopy, and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy for the structural, compositional, and optical analyses. The nanostructures were spherical, monodisperse, highly crystalline with cubic structure, and having an average diameter of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm with optical features in the visible region.
Building Guardrails: Crisis Management in China–US Competition
Authors: Ruan Jianping , Deng Kaifan , Wang Jiamin
Published: December 2022

Intensifying US–China rivalry has heightened the risk of accidental crises that might spiral out of control. Even as President Biden continues much of the Trump administration’s confrontational approach to China, senior Biden administration officials agree on the strategic imperative of improving the risk reduction mechanisms between Beijing and Washington. Though the odds of armed conflict arising from deliberate provocations may be low, the risks of spinoff crises in China’s periphery and accidental crises in emerging domains like space and cyberspace have grown in recent years. Amid growing geopolitical and geoeconomic tensions, better crisis management serves the interests of China, the United States, and the world at large. Beijing should maintain its effective deterrence by upholding the “security through mutual trust” principle and laying out clear red lines. It should also resist Washington’s efforts to include illegitimate interests and conduct risk reduction mechanisms and promote multilateral security talks on the codes of conduct in space, cyberspace, and other emerging domains.
On Cauchy–Pompeiu’s Operator in Octant Ring
Authors: Baddour Hasan , Kar Anas
Published: December 2022

In this study, we have determined Cauchy–Pompeiu representation formula in octant unit ring R4 by modulation the main Cauchy–Pompeiu representation; this modulation was obtained by applying the parqueting‐reflection method. Moreover, the boundedness of the modulated Cauchy–Pompeiu’s operator in R4 is proved by applying Schmitz’s inequality.
Post‐Handover Quality Management Index of Electric Housing Work
Authors: Park Junmo , Seo Deokseok
Published: December 2022

Since housing electrical work is essential in the aspect of electricity use and electrical accidents, it is necessary to properly design, construct, and manage it to avoid quality problems. However, disputes are intensifying in Korea due to numerous quality problems after the house is handed over to the owner. Although related standards have been established and some studies have been conducted, there is a lack of discussion on housing electrical work because the housing quality problem is varied. In this study, the cases of quality problems that occurred in housing electrical works were investigated, while 52 quality control indices were presented and classified according to detailed work category, object, and problematic occurrences. In addition, the number of cases of quality problems for each quality management index and the repair cost ratio were used as a scale to understand the status of quality management. Finally, 11 quality indices were suggested as candidates of important indices which needed to be controlled to focus on the housing electrical work by comparing the above 52 indices. The comparison was made on which one was best suited to the Pareto principle, a quality management strategy, among the candidates for the critical index and the indices suggested by relevant standards and previous studies. The comparison results showed that the candidates of the essential indices suggested in this study conformed to the Pareto principle, while other indices hardly conformed to it. Therefore, if the quality control strategy of choice and concentration for housing electrical works is used, focusing on these vital index candidates can effectively assist in handling the occurrence of quality problems.
Tritium Breeding Performance Analysis of HCLL Blanket Fusion Reactor Employing Vanadium Alloy (V-5Cr-5Ti) as First Wall Material
Authors: Maemunah Indah Rosidah , Su’ud Zaki , Waris Abdul , Irwanto Dwi
Published: December 2022

Neutronic analysis in the HCLL blanket module has been established, and the calculation was performed by the ITER team, including the first wall (FW). In this study, seven materials have been investigated for FW material by considering characteristics such as high neutron fluence capability, low degradation, under irradiation, and high compatibility for blanket material. A three-dimensional configuration simulated in MCNP5 program codes was performed to investigate the neutronic performance and radiation damage effect. Employing seven candidates are vanadium carbide (VC), titanium carbide (TiC), vanadium alloy (V-5Cr-5Ti), graphite (C), tungsten alloy (W-CuCrZr), ceramic alloy (SiC), and HT-9 to study optimization of FW materials configurated in the HCLL blanket module. This novelty study concludes that vanadium alloy (V-5Cr-5Ti) is becoming a promising material candidate. This alloy has the highest number of neutronic performing for 1.27 TBR and 1.26 in multiplication energy factor in all investigations. Meanwhile, the amount of atomic displacement, hydrogen, and helium production are around 22.31 appm, 765.55 appm, and 281.57 appm, respectively. Even though vanadium alloy has a reasonably high radiation damage effect, it is still tolerable compared to several thresholds of DPA. So, it is considered excellent material for FW. Nevertheless, this alloy can replace after 13.45 years for radiation damage.
Revisiting the Interval and Fuzzy TOPSIS Methods: Is Euclidean Distance a Suitable Tool to Measure the Differences between Fuzzy Numbers?
Authors: Arman Hosein , Hadi-Vencheh Abdollah , Kiani Mavi Reza , Khodadadipour Mehdi , Jamshidi Ali
Published: December 2022

Euclidean distance (ED) calculates the distance between n‐coordinate points that n equals the dimension of the space these points are located. Some studies extended its application to measure the difference between fuzzy numbers (FNs).This study shows that this extension is not logical because although an n‐coordinate point and an FN are denoted the same, they are conceptually different. An FN is defined by n components; however, n is not equal to the dimension of the space where the FN is located. This study illustrates this misapplication and shows that the ED between FNs does not necessarily reflect their difference. We also revisit triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy TOPSIS methods to avoid this misapplication. For this purpose, we first defuzzify the FNs using the center of gravity (COG) method and then apply the ED to measure the difference between crisp values. We use an example to illustrate that the existing fuzzy TOPSIS methods assign inaccurate weights to alternatives and may even rank them incorrectly.
Central Auditory Processing Disorder in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Kim Ga-Young , Kim HyangHee , Kim Hee Jin , Seo Sang Won , Na Duk L. , Nam Chung Mo , Ye Byoung Seok , Moon Il Joon
Published: December 2022

Background. This study was conducted to comprehensively examine the central auditory processing (CAP) abilities of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) as well as to compare the results with cognitively normal elderly controls. Methods. A total of 78 participants were screened through pure-tone audiometry and word recognition score in order to exclude peripheral auditory dysfunction. Forty-five people passed screening tests, and 33 people failed. Finally, 25 aMCI (mean age = 

71.52
±
4.8

; male : female = 24 : 76) and 20 controls (mean age = 

73.45
±
4.32

; male : female = 45 : 55) were enrolled in the study. Seven CAP tests (frequency pattern test, duration pattern test, Gap-In-Noise© test, dichotic digits test, low-pass filtered word test, speech perception in noise test, and binaural fusion test) were conducted only after the two groups passed the screening. A linear mixed model was applied to analyze CAP tests except for the binaural fusion test. For the binaural fusion test, the independent t-test was used to compare the means of test score between two groups. Results. The aMCI group had a decrease in the mean score of the frequency pattern test, duration pattern test, Gaps-In-Noise© test, dichotic digits test, and speech perception in noise test compared with the control group. Conclusion. The aMCI group’s CAP abilities were significantly lower than those of the control group. Thus, if the cognitive assessment and hearing evaluation are conducted in combination, the sensitivity of the diagnostic process for aMCI will be increased.
From Dyspnea to Skin Grafting: The Difficulties of Managing a Patient with Extreme Obesity
Authors: Lambert Flora , Chalopin Sarah , Bedock Dorothée , Ciangura Cécile , Aron-Wisnewsky Judith , Faucher Pauline , Aviles Marquez Laura , Louhou Rufin , Poitou Christine , Oppert Jean-Michel , Bel Lassen Pierre
Published: December 2022

While the prevalence of severe obesity is increasing worldwide, caregivers are often challenged with the management of patients with extreme weight. A 30-year-old woman (weight 245 kg, body mass index 85 kg/m2) presented with dyspnea, for which investigations led to suspect pulmonary embolism. The patient’s weight made it impossible to perform adapted imaging; thus, an empirical anticoagulant treatment was initiated. A hematoma of the thigh occurred as a consequence of a transient antivitamin K overdose, leading to a 15-cm necrotic wound worsened by a state of malnutrition. Multidisciplinary and comprehensive care was performed including wound trimming, antibiotics, skin grafting, treatment of malnutrition, and psychological support, but with marked difficulties due to the lack of adapted medical equipment and facilities as well as appropriate medical guidelines. Overall, 7 months of hospitalization including 4 months of physiotherapy and rehabilitation were needed before the patient could return home. This case highlights how difficult managing patients with extreme obesity can be and points to the importance for healthcare systems to adapt to the specific needs of these patients and to design specific guidelines for treatment dosage and malnutrition prevention and treatment in this setting.
Association between Indicators of Inequality and Weight Change following a Behavioural Weight Loss Intervention
Authors: Birch Jack M. , Mueller Julia , Sharp Stephen J. , Griffin Simon J. , Kelly Michael P. , Halford Jason C.G. , Ahern Amy L.
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Weight loss through behavioural weight management interventions can have important health benefits for people with obesity. However, to maximise the health benefits, weight loss must be maintained. Evidence suggests that behavioural weight loss interventions do not exacerbate inequalities in the short term. However, no study has yet considered whether inequalities exist in long-term weight change following intervention. We aimed to investigate if there are inequalities in weight change following weight loss intervention. Methods: We conducted a cohort analysis of data from the Weight Loss Referrals for Adults in Primary Care (WRAP) trial (N = 1,267). WRAP randomised participants to receive a brief intervention information booklet or vouchers for 12-weeks or 52-weeks of WW (formerly WeightWatchers) and followed them for 5 years. Multiple linear regression estimated the association between exposures (indicators of inequality) and outcomes (change in weight between 1- and 5-years). Each model was adjusted for the intervention group, baseline weight, weight change between baseline and 1-year, research centre, and source of the 5-year weight data. Results: Of the 1,267 participants in WRAP, 708 had weight change data available. Mean weight change between 1- and 5-years was +3.30 kg (SD 9.10 kg). A 1 year difference in age at baseline was associated with weight change of 0.11 kg ((95% CI 0.06, 0.16), p < 0.001). We did not find evidence of associations between ethnicity, gender, education, indices of multiple deprivation, household income, or other family members participating in a weight loss programme and weight change. Conclusion: Except for age, we did not find evidence of inequalities in weight change following a behavioural intervention. Findings further support the use of behavioural weight management interventions as part of a systems-wide approach to improving population health.
Masacre estudiantil de 1975 en El Salvador: memorias, silencios y activaciones políticas
Authors: Gomez-Agudelo Jorge Wilson
Published: December 2022

(analytical)This article is a case study that views the 1975 student massacre in El Salvador as an expression of the failure of the peace process, given that transitional justice was reduced to amnesty laws that left open wounds as a result of the absence of truth, reparations and justice. The article contains a brief contextualization of the events, dialogue with the interviewee and some final reflections regarding memory, silences and political activation. An in-depth interview conducted between 2018 and 2019 was used for this purpose.
Keywords: Human rights; collective memory; violation of human rights; political history; Student movement; Justice.
Imagens degradantes, conflitos constantes: os estereótipos travestis do Jornal da Paraíba (1990)
Authors: Silva Kaline Leandra Barbosa da , Cordão Michelly Pereira de Sousa
Published: December 2022

Imagens degradantes, conflitos constantes: prostitutas, criminosas e aidéticas. Imagens reduzidas ao empirismo de uma imprensa pautada na construção de verdades cristalizadas sobre o modelo ideal de família, moral e sexualidade. Assim se mostrou o Jornal da Paraíba impresso durante a década de 1990, quando tratou a questão travesti. O jornal paraibano anuncia e denuncia uma espécie de profanação à ordem social, que seria praticada pelas travestis por meio de conduta desviante, relacionando-as aos lugares de erotização, violência e perigo. Com base na historiografia e nas fontes averiguadas, o artigo problematiza os estereótipos de ser travesti traçados pelo jornal enquanto dispositivo de poder durante os anos 1990. Empregando a metodologia da análise do discurso, recorreu-se em muitos momentos à utilização do grifo como forma de evidenciar os jogos discursivos traçados pelo jornal. Para um maior aprofundamento nas discussões propostas, a pesquisa se apoiou nos subsídios teóricos desenvolvidos por Foucault, Certeau, Butler, entre outros.
Latour on Politics: Political Turn in Epistemology or Ontological Turn in Politics?
Authors: Sanz Merino Noemí
Published: December 2022

According to some authors, Latour’s attention to politics during the last decades is the result of his proposing a different approach to politics that entails, with respect to his overall project, one of two situations. Either his epistemological proposal has suffered a “normative turn”—which necessarily breaks with the previous assumptions of Actor-Network Theory (ANT); or, if ANT’s view on technosciences remains valid, his political proposal becomes not possible as a new normative approach. In this paper, I will focus on the critique voiced by John Law, as well as Graham Harman. I will argue that this is a false dilemma because there has not been a change in Latour’s conceptual basis, nor a lack of coherence within his thought that would undermine the democratic commitment of his Political Epistemology. I will justify this by exposing the fact that Latour’s overall project, as part of Science Studies, has not lately followed a “political” but an “ontological” turn, which has been underling his works since the very beginning of ANT.