bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural crest cells bulldoze through the microenvironment using Aquaporin 1 to stabilize filopodia
Authors: McLennan Rebecca , McKinney Mary C. , Teddy Jessica M. , Morrison Jason A. , Kasemeier-Kulesa Jennifer C. , Ridenour Dennis A. , Manthe Craig A. , Giniunaite Rasa , Robinson Martin , Baker Ruth E. , Maini Philip K. , Kulesa Paul M.
Published: December 2019

Neural crest migration requires cells to move through an environment filled with dense extracellular matrix and mesoderm to reach targets throughout the vertebrate embryo. Here, we use high-resolution microscopy, computational modeling, and in vitro and in vivo cell invasion assays to investigate the function of Aquaporin 1 (AQP-1) signaling. We find that migrating lead cranial neural crest cells express AQP-1 mRNA and protein, implicating a biological role for water channel protein function during invasion. Differential AQP-1 levels affect neural crest cell speed and direction, as well as the length and stability of cell filopodia. Furthermore, AQP-1 enhances matrix metalloprotease activity and colocalizes with phosphorylated focal adhesion kinases. Colocalization of AQP-1 with EphB guidance receptors in the same migrating neural crest cells has novel implications for the concept of guided bulldozing by lead cells during migration.
Use of Wearables: Tracking and Retraining in Endurance Runners
Authors: Moore Isabel S. , Willy Richard W.
Published: December 2019

Wearable devices are ubiquitous among runners, coaches, and clinicians with an ever-increasing number of devices coming on the market. In place of gold standard measures in the laboratory, these devices attempt to provide a surrogate means to track running biomechanics outdoors. This review provides an update on recent literature in the field of wearable devices in runners, with an emphasis on criterion validity and usefulness in the coaching and rehabilitation of runners. Our review suggests that while enthusiasm should be tempered, there is still much for runners to gain with wearables. Overall, our review finds evidence supporting the use of wearables to improve running performance, track global training loads applied to the runner, and provide real-time feedback on running speed and run cadence. Case studies illustrate the use of wearables for the purposes of performance and rehabilitation.
No Influence of Low-, Medium-, or High-Dose Tyrosine on Exercise in a Warm Environment
Authors: TUMILTY LES , GREGORY NICHOLAS , BECKMANN MANFRED , THATCHER RHYS
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Tyrosine administration may counter exercise fatigue in a warm environment, but the typical dose is inconclusive, with little known about higher doses. We explored how three tyrosine doses influenced the circulating ratio of tyrosine/amino acids competing for brain uptake and hypothesized that a medium and high dose would enhance exercise performance in a warm environment.

Methods

Eight recreationally trained, non–heat-acclimated male individuals (mean ± SD age, 23 ± 4 yr; stature, 181 ± 7 cm; body mass, 76.1 ± 5.9 kg; peak oxygen uptake, 4.1 ± 0.5 L·min−1) performed a peak oxygen uptake test, two familiarization trials, then four experimental trials in a randomized order separated by 7 d. Before exercise, subjects drank 2 × 300 mL sugar-free drinks delivering 0 (PLA), 150 (LOW), 300 (MED), or 400 (HIGH) mg·kg body mass−1 tyrosine in a double-blind fashion. Subjects performed a 60-min constant intensity cycling then a simulated time trial in 30°C and 60% relative humidity.

Results

Time trial performance (P = 0.579) was not influenced by tyrosine ingestion. The plasma ratio of tyrosine/∑(free-tryptophan, leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, methionine), a key determinant of brain tyrosine influx, increased relative to PLA (P < 0.001). The increase was similar (P > 0.05) in MED (7.7-fold) and HIGH (8.2-fold), and greater than that in LOW (5.3-fold; P < 0.05). No differences existed between trials in core and skin temperature, heart rate, RPE, or thermal sensation (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Exercise performance in a warm environment was not influenced by tyrosine availability in recreationally trained male individuals. The results provide novel data informing future studies, on the tyrosine dose maximizing the circulating ratio of tyrosine/amino acids competing for brain uptake.
Automated CT registration tool improves sensitivity to change in ventricular volume in patients with shunts and drains
Authors: Yamin Ghiam , Cheecharoen Piyaphon , Goel Gunjan , Sung Andrew , Li Charles Q. , Chang Yu-Hsuan A. , McDonald Carrie R. , Farid Nikdokht
Published: December 2019

Objective:

CT is the mainstay imaging modality for assessing change in ventricular volume in patients with ventricular shunts or external ventricular drains (EVDs). We evaluated the performance of a novel fully automated CT registration and subtraction method to improve reader accuracy and confidence compared with standard CT.

Methods:

In a retrospective evaluation of 49 ventricular shunt or EVD patients who underwent sequential head CT scans with an automated CT registration tool (CT CoPilot), three readers were assessed on their ability to discern change in ventricular volume between scans using standard axial CT images versus reformats and subtraction images generated by the registration tool. The inter-rater reliability among the readers was calculated using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Bland–Altman tests were performed to determine reader performance compared to semi-quantitative assessment using the bifrontal horn and third ventricular width. McNemar’s test was used to determine whether the use of the registration tool increased the reader’s level of confidence.

Results:

Inter-rater reliability was higher when using the output of the registration tool (single measure ICC of 0.909 with versus 0.755 without the tool). Agreement between the readers’ assessment of ventricular volume change and the semi-quantitative assessment improved with the registration tool (limits of agreement 4.1 vs 4.3). Furthermore, the tool improved reader confidence in determining increased or decreased ventricular volume (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Automated CT registration and subtraction improves the reader's ability to detect change in ventricular volume between sequential scans in patients with ventricular shunts or EVDs.

Advances in knowledge:

Our automated CT registration and subtraction method may serve as a promising generalizable tool for accurate assessment of change in ventricular volume, which can significantly affect clinical management.
The Implementation of the Differentiated Approach in Mathematics Teaching of Younger Schoolchildren
Authors: Shmidt A.
Published: December 2019

The article reveals the goals and methods of organizing the differential education of primary schoolchildren in mathematics, which involves taking into account the individuality, level of ability and degree of independence of each schoolchild, as well as providing him with timely assistance in case of difficulties. Methods of differentiation and means of assisting students are described, which are used by the teacher in the classroom to solve various types of arithmetic problems. The effectiveness of a differentiated approach to the formation of mathematical literacy of primary schoolchildren is emphasized, which makes it possible to guarantee compliance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education with the planned learning outcomes.
Russian Language Proficiency is the Basis of the National Self-Identification of Russian Citizens
Authors: Vinogradova Natalya
Published: December 2019

The article discusses the problem of teaching the Russian language in modern conditions of the functioning of educational organizations. The reasons for the decline in literacy of the younger generation and Russian citizens are described, among which are population migration, insufficient attention to teaching methods, etc. The requirements for primary school graduates in terms of mastering the Russian language are outlined in the draft new version of the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education. Approaches to their implementation are being outlined, which will make it possible to positively affect literacy in our country. The article evaluates the discussion on the support and development of the Russian language, which took place at a meeting of the Russian Language Council under the President of the Russian Federation in September 2019.
Informational Complementarity
Authors: Ke T. Tony , Lin Song
Published: December 2019

Many products have similar or common attributes and are thus correlated. We show that, when these attributes are uncertain for consumers, a complementarity effect can arise among competing products in the sense that the lower price of one product may increase the demands for the others. This effect occurs when consumers sequentially search for information about both common and idiosyncratic product attributes before purchase. We characterize the optimal search strategy for the correlated search problem, provide the conditions for the existence of the complementarity effect, and show that the effect is robust under a wide range of alternative assumptions. We further explore the implications of the effect for pricing. When firms compete in price, although product correlation may weaken differentiation between the firms, the complementarity effect owing to correlated search may raise equilibrium price and profit.

This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
Racismo e encarceramento em massa: um voo sobre as asas de Michelle Alexander
Authors: Marques Junior Joilson Santana
Published: December 2019

Resenha do livro A nova segregação. Racismo e encarceramento em massa, de Michele Alexander (São Paulo: Boitempo, 2017).
Tecendo tramas acerca de uma infância sem racismo
Authors: Eurico Marcia Campos
Published: December 2019

O artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre os impactos do racismo no cotidiano das crianças negras, que têm sua infância marcada pela miséria e pela violência do Estado capitalista. Ao avançar no debate e apresentar a intersecção entre classe social, os papeis de gênero e a questão étnico-racial no processo de reprodução das relações sociais assimétricas no Brasil, é possível identificar como as expressões do patriarcado e do conservadorismo se conectam com o racismo para justificar também a desigualdade social que atinge a infância e reduz as possibilidades de transformação da realidade deste grupo geracional. E, por fim, ocorre a problematização em relação ao lugar marginal do debate sobre relações étnico-raciais e os privilégios da branquitude na área do Serviço Social, bem como sobre o modo como isso destoa do projeto ético-político profissional orientado pela defesa intransigente dos direitos humanos. Palavras-Chave: infância negra; racismo; branquitude; raça/etnia.
Repensando a circulação e a adoção de crianças negras na família brasileira
Authors: Saraiva Vanessa Cristina dos Santos
Published: December 2019

Este estudo objetiva realizar uma análise das formas de organização, resistência e proteção adotadas historicamente pelas famílias negras brasileiras diante das ações e determinações do Estado. A partir de análise bibliográfica, retomaremos o conceito de circulação historicamente compreendido pelos operadores do direito como uma prática nociva e prejudicial às crianças, a qual era adotada, sobretudo, por famílias negras e empobrecidas do país. Partimos do pressuposto de que esse era um mecanismo adotado por essas famílias para driblar a possibilidade de institucionalização dos filhos em espaços marcados pela violência, destruição de vínculos familiares, afastamento territorial da comunidade e adoções irregulares. Constatamos que se constitui na atualidade como forma de assegurar os direitos dessas crianças quando permite o acesso à família ampliada e à convivência com família paterna. Palavras-Chave: circulação e adoção de crianças; família negra; mulheres negras; resistência; campo sociojurídico.
Chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder
Authors: Cronin Thomas , Abdelmahamoud Mohammed , Falls Derek , Punshon Katherine , Willows Jamie , Mordi-Blair Nony
Published: December 2019

Chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder is typically seen in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. It is managed primarily by renal physicians, but non-renal physicians are also likely to encounter patients undergoing treatment for this condition in both inpatient and outpatient settings so a basic understanding of the principles may be helpful. This article covers the fundamentals of the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder.
Perceptions and Proposals of University of Jordan Faculty Members towards Using Massive Open Online Courses in the Educational Process
Authors: Al-Abed Lara
Published: December 2019

This study aims at investigating the perceptions of the faculty members of the University of Jordan towards the use of The Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in the educational process and their suggestions to improve them, the study followed the descriptive / analytical approach. The sample consisted of (115) teachers from the faculty members of the University of Jordan, who were chosen intentionally during the second semester 2018/2017. A key tool was developed that was validated and consisted of (70 items). The results showed that the use of MOOCs courses was moderate and positively affect the support of the educational process. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences attributed to the teaching experience, gender and academic rank variables. While the results showed that there are statistically significant differences to the degree of the use of the faculty members of the University of Jordan MOOCs courses in the educational process according to the collage variable. Results related to the second area of proposals for improving the use of MOOCs courses were also high. In the light of the results of the study, the researcher recommended, based on the answers of faculty members, the need to reconsider the importance of using electronic MOOCs courses in the educational process, And spreading a culture of awareness of the importance of using electronic environments in the educational process, to provide tangible financial and technical support for the production and design of MOOCs courses in cooperation with faculty members and the use of experts.
Pharyngeal Dysphagia in Individuals With Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Shem Kazuko , Wong Joseph , Dirlikov Ben , Castillo Kathleen
Published: December 2019

Objectives: To identify and describe the types and time course of dysphagia following cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted in an SCI inpatient rehabilitation unit. Seventy-six individuals with SCI were enrolled. Inclusion criteria were age 18 years or older, admitted into SCI inpatient rehabilitation unit, and medically stable for participation in bedside swallow evaluation (BSE) and videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS). All participants first underwent a BSE, of whom 33 completed a VFSS. A follow-up BSE was conducted on individuals who tested positive on the initial BSE and continued to show signs of dysphagia. Diagnosis and type of dysphagia as well risk factors were collected. Results: Twenty-three out of 76 individuals with cervical SCI were diagnosed with dysphagia using the BSE. All participants with positive BSE and VFSS had pharyngeal dysfunction. For participants with a positive initial BSE and persisting dysphagia ( n = 14), a follow-up BSE demonstrated resolution within 34 days. Risk factors associated with dysphagia were older age, nasogastric tube, invasive mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, and pneumonia. Posterior spinal surgery was associated with a decreased risk of dysphagia. Conclusion: Dysphagia was present in 30% of individuals based on the initial BSE. All individuals with dysphagia demonstrated pharyngeal phase dysfunction on the VFSS. No participants experiencing dysphagia were missed on the BSE as confirmed by VFSS. In the subset of individuals who received a follow-up BSE, the time course of resolution of dysphagia was at most 34 days from initial BSE.
Effect of Body Weight–Supported Treadmill Training on Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Function in People With Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alajam Ramzi , Alqahtani Abdulfattah S. , Liu Wen
Published: December 2019

Objective: To assess the current evidence with regard to the effects of body weight–supported treadmill training (BWSTT) on cardiovascular and pulmonary function in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) with a focus on outcomes of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and respiratory parameters. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted through MEDLINE/PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database. Clinical trials involving adults with SCI and focusing on the effects of BWSTT on HR, BP, and respiratory measurements were included. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Downs and Black scale. The level of evidence of each study was identified using the Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Evidence system. Results: Nine studies that met inclusion criteria were evaluated and included in this review. Overall, the quality index of all included studies was low. All studies scored less than 21 out of 28 on the Downs and Black scale. The level of evidence varied from level 2 to level 4. Level 4 evidence supports the use of BWSTT to decrease resting and exercise HR and improve heart rate variability. The use of BWSTT to improve respiratory parameters after SCI is supported by one study with level 2 evidence. The evidence that supports the use of BWSTT to improve resting BP is inconclusive. Conclusion: There has been low to moderate evidence to support the use of BWSTT in individuals with SCI to improve cardiovascular and pulmonary health. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate the effect of BWSTT on cardiovascular and pulmonary function in people with SCI and compare BWSTT to other physical rehabilitation interventions.
Mohsin Hamid Engages the World in The Reluctant Fundamentalist: “An Island on an Island,” Worlds in Miniature and “Fiction” in the Making
Authors: Madiou Mohamed Salah Eddine
Published: December 2019

The Reluctant Fundamentalist proves vitally engaged in the concerns of the mind and its passages reveal a struggle with difficulties of a sort that make anxiety seem an innocuous euphemism or outdated scholarly endeavor, which inevitably veers the reader's attention away from their importance in understanding the text and its world. This essay is concerned with the psychological, artistic, historical and geographical contingencies Mohsin Hamid faces in putting together his novel/la1 through the travail of production and publication. The Reluctant Fundamentalist has cemented Hamid's reputation and taken on the guise of a relatively autonomous sphere in its own fashion. Hamid resorts to powerful actions of a “begetting” kind, and specifying points of departure for his novel/la grows increasingly problematic. The novel/la is in fact intricate, and its resemblance with many productions is striking nevertheless. Going against the grain of fundamental and dominant traditions through a reluctant ethos, Hamid engages in beginnings and beginnings again to find alternatives, a Saidian reasoning read in The Reluctant Fundamentalist. Taking its cue from Hamid's reflection on the manufacturing of his own “fiction” and Said's Beginnings, this essay examines how Hamid builds on Albert Camus's La chute as a point of reference to inaugurate The Reluctant Fundamentalist which owes its genesis to miscellaneous acts of beginning based, among many others, on McEwan's Atonement and Ali's Brick Lane. Hamid also engages world events such as America's beginning as a nation and 9/11, which both have inspired the novel/la's impulse to begin and begin again in the process of production. These influences with the alternatives given make up the texture of his novel/la, which is not only creative in nature, but also theoretical and philosophical in trajectories.
Towards an Egyptian Bildungsroman: The National Intellectual after the 1919 Revolution in Naguib Mahfouz's Sugar Street
Authors: Mahmoud Rania
Published: December 2019

Reading Naguib Mahfouz'sSugar Street(1957) as a Bildungsroman, I argue that Mahfouz creates an Egyptian Bildungsroman that relies on constant revision of European forms and a merging of local and global paradigms to fit the Egyptian socio-historical context. Mahfouz rejects both the traditional Bildungsroman as well as classical indigenous forms as signifiers of mimicry and petrification respectively. While the resolution of the Bildungsroman entails the negation of the Other, whose maturation is requisite upon accepting models that marginalize him/her, classical models render the Other a geographic and temporal anachronism. In place of the traditional Bildungsroman and classical Arabic literary models, Mahfouz advocates for an eclectic paradigm that changes with the historical moment.
A Case Study of Local Community Development and Citizen Participation in Cuba: A Comprehensive Neighbourhood Transformation Approach
Authors: Bonilla-Santiago Gloria
Published: December 2019

The comprehensive neighbourhood transformation approach of planning in the Havana Historian's Office is a case study of local community development in the capital of Cuba. The study is justified by its relevance and timeliness of the issues found in community development and its implications in people and place wellbeing, especially in the most disadvantaged sectors of Cuban society. It seeks to analyse the improvement of life conditions in achieving social inclusion, citizen participation in community. A theoretical analysis of community development and local development within a community capital approach is provided. The experiences of the comprehensive neighbourhood transformation workshops constitute an important contribution to the local/community development process. The use of endogenous resources for managing human, social, political, natural and cultural capital ensures sustainable community development and innovative methodologies for community planning.
Human Resources for Health and Health Outcomes in Cuba: An Analysis of Their Distributions over Time and Space
Authors: Christiansen Isaac , Leonard David
Published: December 2019

Developments in Cuba's healthcare system, infant mortality rate (IMR) trends, and commitment to universal healthcare have been examined by past research. Nevertheless, reductions of spatial inequality in human resources for health (HRH) distribution and IMR have received less attention. Drawing on Cuban Ministry of Health data, we examine changes in HRH distribution by personnel type and inequality in IMRs among Cuban provinces over time, emphasising the period since 1990. We contrast these with global, OECD, and developing country HRH distributions. Our research shows declining inequality in HRH and IMR across provinces in Cuba. A longitudinal data analysis of IMR shows that IMR decreases significantly as physician density increases within provinces. Within a global context of high between and within country disparities Cuba's experience is salient given high levels of spatial inequality prior to 1959 and material resource scarcity during the ‘special period’ of the 1990s.
An Exploratory Study of How Older Cubans Cope with Difficult Living Conditions
Authors: Strug David L.
Published: December 2019

Population aging is a concern to policy makers in Cuba where by 2025 there will be more pensioners than workers. We describe a unique, exploratory study of older Cubans 60+ years of age and how they cope with stress associated with economic vulnerability and adverse living conditions. Many older persons have incomes too low to provide a minimum standard of living. We address the following questions. (1) What chronic environmental stressors do older persons face? (2) What strategies do they employ to cope with these stressors? (3) What implications for policy follow from these questions? We discuss qualitative data from interviews with 50 older persons conducted in Havana in a mixed methods investigation. Most participants appraised difficult living conditions as hard to change, which explains a high prevalence of the use of avoidance coping strategies, including resignation. Policy makers need to understand how older persons cope with adversity to determine relevant service needs for this population.
611. Indigeneidad y territorio: los aymaras y quechuas en el Norte de Chile
Authors: Romero Toledo Hugo , Sambolín Aurora
Published: December 2019

El siguiente artículo explora desde la geografía los conceptos de indigeneidad y territorio y los aplica a procesos recientes de auto-identificación aymara y quechua; y la construcción de etno-territorios en el Norte de Chile, para entender a ambos fenómenos dentro de un proceso global de diferenciación y politización étnica. Para ello, utiliza etnografías, entrevistas y análisis de estadísticos que ilustran los procesos y estrategias de las comunidades aymaras y quechuas para articularse en el contexto del extractivismo minero y políticas interculturales neoliberales. De esta manera, los poblados andinos vuelven a repoblarse en dinámicas de negociación/resistencia altamente creativas.
Disaggregated edge-enabled C+L-band filterless metro networks
Authors: Paolucci F. , Emmerich R. , Eira A. , Costa N. , Pedro J. , Berenguer P. Wilke , Schubert C. , Fischer J. K. , Fresi F. , Sgambelluri A. , Cugini F.
Published: December 2019

The recent interest in the upgrade and enhancements of metro transport networks and the availability of transponder cards with coherent receivers is opening the way to filterless solutions employing only passive splitters/couplers and optical amplifiers, potentially achieving significant capital expeditures and operating expenditures savings. However, the filterless option suffers from inefficiencies, mainly due to the broadcasting constraint and the reduced optical reach. To overcome such limitations, this paper proposes three complementary strategies to upgrade optical filterless metro networks (FMN). First, the number of supported channels is incremented by exploiting the full

C

+

L

-band. To this end, two design architectures (i.e., Single and Dual Region) are proposed and evaluated, targeting double capacity with respect to the standard C-band and an upgrade to cost reduction. Second, we investigate a dual-architecture solution, extending metro deployments with a low-cost filterless and unamplified L-band system. Its design trade-offs are evaluated to determine its suitability in providing direct low-latency connectivity between metro-access nodes with the aim of supporting edge-computing platforms. Finally, the flexibility of the FMN is extended by introducing disaggregated transponders with different bitrates (i.e., 100 Gbps and 400 Gbps) and configurable transmission parameters, such as the modulation format and the forward error correction). Such flexibility is exploited through the extension of the OpenConfig YANG model of the optical line system, thus enabling automatic spectrum and transmission parameter assignment by means of a centralized software-defined-network controller and achieving better resource utilization. Simulation and experimental results are provided, showing the effectiveness and the potential impact of filterless metro solutions in future deployments and low-cost network upgrades supporting edge/fog clusters and 5G.
Deep-learning-enhanced ice thickness measurement using Raman scattering
Authors: Shan Mingguang , Cheng Qingyun , Zhong Zhi , Liu Bin , Zhang Yabin
Published: December 2019

In ice thickness measurement (ICM) procedures based on Raman scattering, a key issue is the detection of ice–water interface using the slight difference between the Raman spectra of ice and water. To tackle this issue, we developed a new deep residual network (DRN) to cast this detection as an identification problem. Thus, the interface detection is converted to the prediction of the Raman spectra of ice and water. We enabled this process by designing a powerful DRN that was trained by a set of Raman spectral data, obtained in advance. In contrast to the state-of-the-art Gaussian fitting method (GFM), the proposed DRN enables ICM with a simple operation and low costs, as well as high accuracy and speed. Experimental results were collected to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed DRN.
Controllable scattering of a single photon inside a one-dimensional coupled resonator waveguide with second-order nonlinearity
Authors: Zhou Y. H. , Zhang X. Y. , Dan Zou Dan , Wu Qi-Cheng , Ling Ye Biao , Fang Y. L. , Shen H. Z. , Yang Chui-Ping
Published: December 2019

We note that most of the studies of the single photon scattering inside a one-dimensional coupled resonator waveguide are based on the waveguide coupling with the atom systems. In this paper, we will study the single photon scattering enabled by another system, i.e., the second-order nonlinearity, which can act as a single photon switch to control the single photon transmission and reflection inside the one-dimensional coupled resonator waveguide. The transmission rate is calculated to analyze the single-photon scattering properties. In addition, a more complicated second-order nonlinear form, i.e., three-wave mixing, is discussed to control single photon transmission inside the one-dimensional coupled resonator waveguide.
Selenium nanoparticle prepared by femtosecond laser-induced plasma shock wave
Authors: Tzeng Wen-Yen , Tseng Ya-Hsin , Yeh Tien-Tien , Tu Chien-Ming , Sankar Raman , Chen Yu-Han , Huang Bang-Hao , Chou Fang-Cheng , Luo Chih-Wei
Published: December 2019

A novel approach for the production of both amorphous and crystalline selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using femtosecond laser-induced plasma shock wave on the surface of Bi2Se3 topological insulators at room temperature and ambient pressure is demonstrated. The shape and size of SeNPs can be reliably controlled via the kinetic energy obtained from laser pulses, so these are applicable as active components in nanoscale applications. Importantly, the rapid, low-cost and eco-friendly synthesis strategy developed in this study could also be extendable to other systems.
Hybrid art: Towards a new scepticism
Authors: Laskari Iro , Mavrommati Irene , Glinou Eleni
Published: December 2019

In Hybrid artwork, whereby the digital and the real are mixed, the artist/creator has to additionally manage interaction. Interaction is seen as an added dimension to narration: the art piece turns from being a means towards a narration (or an understanding) to a path towards an experience. It is argued that strong metaphysical concepts give place to new more fragmented ones. This nihilism and fragmentation can be seen as a cause of concern but also as an opportunity.
Curatorial perspectives on contemporary art and science dealing with interspecies connections
Authors: Linn Olga Majcen , Ostoić Sunčica
Published: December 2019

This article addresses a curatorial position on specific bioart projects dealing with the topic of interspecies relationships of humans and other mammals, insects and plants through three works by Slovenian authors Saša Spačal, Špela Petricˇ and Maja Smrekar. All the artworks are based on a posthumanist perspective, strongly advocating possibilities of equality in interspecies relations and coexistence, and yet also bear a potential for monstrosity. The subjects, modes and procedures of the artworks analysed are compatible with a curatorial practice able to contribute to and facilitate the development of the concepts of life and species. Representing provocative projects is a challenge not only for the artists but also for the curators who are in the position of having to find adequate production, presentation and promotion support for fringe artistic experiments that infiltrate meaningful topics. Curating that involves taking on the responsibility of endorsing risk-taking artistic practices and posthumanist ideas, dealing with ethical, legal and conceptual challenges is referred to as intense curating.
Symbiotic fictional experiments in the visual arts
Authors: Carvalho Ana
Published: December 2019

Sameness and difference, seen through the use of the term symbiosis, are tooled for the construction of other, future realities. Two examples from literature will describe how symbiosis is, in science fiction, used as means to propose connections with Otherness, through a return to a nature recovered, and as part of rational human deliberate actions towards the recovery of our present damaged planet. Science fiction is where the methodological approach is formulated, as thought experiments, within Ursula Le Guin's literature, from where to develop the process to create two visual artworks. These visual artworks, both different series of images, depart from the term symbiosis, to reflect on what is different within the same, and on the construction of sameness in what is different.
A stride towards sentient cities: Architecture as performance art
Authors: Trickett Terry
Published: December 2019

My researches into 'architecture as music' have led me to investigate how a synchronicity of sound and space, acting together, can enable buildings to become not only smart but also sentient. It was one particular building in the City of London that prompted me to join the patterns of architecture with the rhythms of music in an experimental audio-visual performance called Citirama. Each of the piece's three movements throws some new light on what makes a building 'musical' – i.e. capable of exerting some power over our emotional response. I take a journey back in time to find that architecture is a world of relationships very close to that of the performing musician but, if we are to apply the lessons of music more widely, it will be necessary that we obtain some understanding of how our brains' pathways and neural mechanisms enable us to see and hear through a process of pattern recognition. Only then will the indelible links between architecture and music enable architects to act more as composers in rebalancing the challenges that underpin the future of our cities. I illustrate what I mean by 'musicality' with reference to a specific urban community that is close to home – the Barbican.
Scientific innovation: A conceptual explication and a dilemma
Authors: Sturm Thomas
Published: December 2019

I offer an analysis of the concept of scientific innovation. When research is innovated, highly noveland usefulelements of investigation begin to spread through a scientific community, resulting from a process which is neither due to blind chance nor to necessity, but to a minimal use of rationality. This, however, leads to tension between two claims: (1) scientific innovation can be explained rationally; (2) no existing account of rationality explains scientific innovation. There are good reasons to maintain (1) and (2), but it is difficult for both claims to be accepted simultaneously by a rational subject.In particular, I argue that neither standard nor bounded theories of rationality can deliver a satisfactory explanation of scientific innovations.
Las Atenas hispanoamericanas. Antigüedad, progreso y reforma social en las ciudades de América latina (siglos XVI-XIX)
Authors: Del Molino Ricardo
Published: December 2019

Durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX varias ciudades hispanoamericanas recibieron el epíteto de Atenas en virtud de sus características políticas, económicas, sociales y culturales. Pero bajo ese apelativo no sólo se escondía una retórica que pretendía alabar aquellas urbes sino que, en algunas ocasiones, subyacía un programa político y económico de progreso impuesto, modernización obligada y reforma social forzosa.La presente comunicación pretende localizar las principales ciudades hispanoamericanas que recibieron el apodo de Atenas desde la Colonia hasta las primeras décadas del siglo XX, con el fin de entender si hubo en América Latina un uso político del epíteto Atenas similar al acaecido en Europa y Estados Unidos bajo el fenómeno conocido como Atenas burguesas.
Introducción
Authors: Duplá Ansuategui Antonio
Published: December 2019

Se trata de una breve aproximación al fenómeno de la recepción clásica asociada a las reformas sociales y las políticas progresistas en los siglos xix y xx. Al mismo tiempo, se procede a una presentación de los artículos que conforman el dosier «Antigüedad, progreso y reforma sociales (siglos xix y xx)». En esta introducción se recogen algunas obras recientes sobre el tema en general y se señalan algunos rasgos específicos presentes en el caso español, como el anticlericalismo o la defensa de los derechos de las mujeres.
Capripoxviruses: Exploring the genetic relatedness between field and vaccine strains from Egypt
Authors: Rouby Sherin Reda , Bazid Abdel-Hamid , Wasfy Momtaz , El-Sayed Magdy
Published: December 2019

Background and Aim: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) and sheep pox are economically important Capripoxvirus-induced diseases of cattle and sheep, respectively. Despite the extensive vaccination program adopted by Egyptian veterinary authorities, LSD and sheep pox are still prevalent and spread throughout the whole country. The current study was designed for molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of LSD virus (LSDV) and Sheep pox virus (SPPV) recovered from field cases in Egypt along with vaccinal strains to assess their genetic relatedness. Materials and Methods: Skin biopsies were collected from naturally infected cases of LSD in Ismailia (n=3 farms) and Beni-Suef (n=2 farms) Governorates and sheep pox in Beni-Suef (n=1 flock). Virus isolation was carried out on primary ovine fetal kidney and heart cell cultures. DNA was extracted from infected materials (skin lesions, infected cell cultures) as well as LSDV Neethling vaccine strain and Romanian SPPV vaccine strain. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using oligonucleotide primers targeting the entire open reading frame of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) gene and gene sequences were analyzed. Results: Virus isolation on primary ovine fetal kidney and heart cell culture revealed a cytopathic effect at the third passage characterized by rounding of infected cells and margination of nuclear chromatin. Comparative sequence analysis of GPCR gene revealed that Egyptian LSDV isolated from Ismailia and Beni-Suef shared 99:100% nucleotide and amino acid (AA) identities with each other. In comparison to the vaccinal strains, Egyptian LSDV isolates shared 98:99 nucleotide and AA identities with LSDV Neethling vaccine strain and 93:94% with SPPV Romanian vaccine strain. No differences at the nucleotide or AAs were observed between the SPPV vaccine and virulent strains (100% identity). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that LSDV Neethling vaccine strain is more related to field Egyptian LSDV and clustered within the LSDV group while Romanian SPPV vaccine strain clustered in a separate clade with SPPV field isolates. Conclusion: Comparative sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the GPCR gene reveal a minimal genetic variation between LSDV field isolates from different locations and a close relationship between virulent field strains and homologous vaccines.
Rhynchophorus palmarum used in Traditional Medicine in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Delgado Cesar , Romero Rosa , Vásquez Espinoza Rosa , Trigozo Marcial , Correa Rocio
Published: December 2019

Ethnoentomological research focuses on the wealth of knowledge about insects used by indigenous communities. Here, we examine the medicinal use of insects, with a particular focus on Rhynchophorus palmarum, also known as suri, by indigenous peoples in the Peruvian Amazon. Between January 2014 and November 2015, a semi-structured survey was conducted in six communities belonging to Kukama-kukamiria, Tikuna, and Awajum ethnic groups. Each participant answered three key questions: i) what insects do you use to treat your diseases; ii) what diseases do you treat; and iii) how do you treat each disease? A total of 63 people were interviewed. Over half of the interviewees from the three ethnic groups mentioned using the larva of the R. palmarum for medicinal purposes. The oil of the larva is used to treat more than ten diseases, particularly respiratory illnesses. Chemical analysis of the larvae indicates the presence of linoleic and linolenic acids, which confer antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.
Редкие и исчезающие виды растений и редкие растительные сообщества на особо охраняемых природных территориях Алтайского края
Authors: Silantyeva М.М. , Elesova N.V. , Speranskaya N. Yu.
Published: December 2019

В статье приведены итоги многолетних исследований растительного покрова 10 особо охраняемых природных территорий (ООПТ) Алтайского края. Выявлено 38 редких и исчезающих видов растений, занесенных в Красную книгу Алтайского края (2016), 11 из них занесены в Красную книгу РФ (2008). Описано 28 редких как для края, Сибири, так и России растительных сообществ. Это 11 степных сообществ (из 8 ООПТ), 11 лесных (из 2 ООПТ), 5 пойменных (из 1 ООПТ), 1 болотное (из 1 ООПТ). Эти сведения станут основой для мониторинга за состоянием редких и исчезающих видов растений, а также редких и уязвимых фитоценозов.
Greek meets Turkish at the western edge of Asia: Case markers and complementizers under language contact
Authors: Bağrıaçık Metin , Göksel Ash , Ralli Angela
Published: December 2019

We investigate case and clausal complementation systems in Cunda Turkish spoken in Western Turkey by refugees relocated from Crete (Greece) in and after 1923. Unlike Standard Turkish, Cunda Turkish exhibits unpredictable dative–locative and dative–accusative shifts. We claim these shifts are due to interference of the heritage language, Cretan Greek. Cunda Turkish subordination patterns also differ from those of the standard variety. Contrary to the case in Standard Turkish, nominalizing suffixes are employed only when selecting (matrix) predicates are non-factive veridical ones. Non-veridical predicates, on the other hand, select subordinate clauses that are in optative mood, a preexisting Turkish pattern which has nevertheless been reinforced by Cretan Greek impact. Finally, clauses that are complements to factive predicates are indicative clauses headed by an optional complementizer, a pattern which is extended to these clauses from factive adverbial clauses.
„Drzwi zamknięte” czy „otwarte bramy”, czyli tłumacz między profanum a sacrum
Authors: Kubaszczyk Joanna
Published: December 2019

The paper reflects on the specificity of the translation of texts belonging to the religious and theolog- ical literature. Religious and theological texts have been translated for millennia, many of them — originating in the sphere of Judeo-Christianity — lie at the core of Western culture. Their trans- lation, especially the translation of the Bible, was accompanied by theoretical reflection (see, for example, Jerome of Stridonium, Martin Luther or Eugene Nida), which permanently influenced the way of thinking about translation in general. The present study answers the question of how the translation of religious and theological texts differs from the translation of other texts and what the translator must or should take into account, translating religious and theological texts. The paper discusses, among others, the role of the word in Christianity, spiritual preparation, openness to the Holy Spirit, tradition and inculturation.
The Presentation of the Epicurean Virtues
Authors: Robitzsch Jan Maximilian
Published: December 2019

This paper discusses the presentation of the Epicurean virtues offered in theLetter to Menoeceusand in Cicero’sOn Ends. It evaluates the proposals advanced by Phillip Mitsis and Pierre-Marie Morel. Against Morel, it is argued that Torquatus’ presentation of the virtues inOn Endsis not part of an elaborate dialectical strategy. Instead, the paper sides with Mitsis’ more modest proposal: while Torquatus, like any good speaker, with high likelihood adapts his presentation to his audience, his ideas also have a strong foundation in Epicureanism. Given the extant state of textual evidence, it is difficult to determineprecisely, however, to what degree his presentation of the virtues (1) directly draws on ideas already present in the founder of the Garden himself, (2) reflects a later development in the Epicurean school, or (3) falsifies Epicurean ideas to make them more palatable for a Roman audience.
The practicality of ELF-informed teaching: Attitudes and perceptions of Chinese business English teachers
Authors: Si Jinghui
Published: December 2019

Research on English as a lingua franca (ELF) has proposed a shift from ENL-based (English as a native language) to ELF-informed teaching. This study intends to add empirical evidence on Chinese business English teachers’ perceptions and understanding of the practicality of ELF-informed teaching. Based on interviews with 12 business English teachers, this study presents one main conflict and three subsidiary conflicts regarding the implementation of ELF-informed teaching in the Business English Program. The main conflict is between teachers’ general awareness of ELF and their expressed preference for native-English based teaching. The three subsidiary conflicts are between (i) ENL-based learning and ELF-informed teaching; (ii) English for tests and English for use; (iii) intervention and innovation. Following this, four barriers that impede the implementation of ELF-informed teaching are summarized. This study also discusses course-of-actions that could address the conflicts and barriers in implementing ELF-informed pedagogy in the Chinese context.
Systematicity in linguistic feature selection: Repair sequences and subsequent accommodation
Authors: O’Neal George
Published: December 2019

This study examines linguistic feature selection and its relationship with repair sequences in a longitudinal corpus of Japanese–Filipino business ELF interactions. In the corpus, Japanese employees communicate once a month with Filipino employees via computer software to confirm infrastructure status at a Filipino company’s factories. Comparative constructions frequently appear in the corpus because of the nature of the interactions, but the kinds and frequencies of comparative constructions change month to month. This study demonstrates that early in the corpus, the speakers utilized a multitude of comparative constructions, but after 12 months, the speakers have settled on one preferred comparative construction. Furthermore, the preferred construction emerged from repair sequences, which suggests that repair is significantly related to linguistic feature selection. Accordingly, this study hypothesizes that repair sequences do far more than just resolve an interactional problem; repaired linguistic features are more likely to be selected again the next time a similar linguistic feature is relevant to the progression of the interaction.