bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of NLP Technology in the Information Extraction of Bridge Management and Maintenance Documents
Authors: Zhang Lu-yang , Xia Ye , Sun Limin
Published: November 2022

Bridge management and maintenance document is the accumulation of authoritative technical data to record the history of bridge operation, current technical status and management and maintenance process, which contains substantial information to support bridge maintenance decision. With more and more extensive application of bridge health monitoring in civil engineering industry, bridge management and maintenance documents become more common and quantitative. Therefore, a large number of these reports need to be manually read and analyzed to obtain effective information, which will waste a lot of effort. In order to improve this situation, this paper develops a frequency state analyzer using LSTM neural network to classify these documents automatically, and improve the efficiency of bridge management and maintenance work.
Beneficial Effect of Combining Similar Low-Cost Accelerometer to improve the overall Accuracy and Noise Density
Authors: Komarizadehasl Seyedmilad , Alahmad Ahmad , Lozano-Galant Jose A. , Torralba Victor , Ramos Gonzalo , Turmo José
Published: November 2022

Structural Health Monitoring applications are receiving more and more attention nowadays. The epidemic problem with these evaluations is their high cost. For applying them to structures/ infrastructures with a low budget of SHM evaluations, low-cost sensors must be taken into account. However, low-cost accelerometers have higher noise density ratios which affect their accuracy and resolution. Using filters or post-processing methods alters the acquired information of the accelerometers. This article aims to enhance the accuracy and resolution of low-cost sensors by improving and controlling the spectral noise level through active noise improvement. This improvement is studied in this paper and supportive laboratory experiments have been illustrated.
Long-Term Damping Characteristics of a Cable-Stayed Bridge
Authors: Hwang Doyun , Kim Sunjoong , Kim Ho-Kyung
Published: November 2022

Damping ratio is a crucial factor in assessing the vibrational serviceability of flexible large-scale structures such as cable-supported bridges. While the natural frequencies of structures have been estimated from operational modal analysis (OMA) with relatively minimal scattering, damping ratios have shown a high degree of scattering due to analytical uncertainty and in environmental and operational variations (EOV). To examine the damping ratio in context of EOVs, an automated damping estimation framework is applied with minimal user intervention to 2,5 years of long-term data acquired from a sparse continuous monitoring system. Daily and long-term fluctuations of damping ratios are examined. Environmental and operational factors such as temperature, wind environment and level of excitation are examined in context with damping ratios. The probability distribution of the damping ratio is also suggested based on statistical methods.
A Multi-Label Classification Method for Anomaly Detection of Bridge Structural Health Monitoring Data
Authors: Shang Zhiqiang , Xin Gongfeng , Xia Ye , Sun Limin
Published: November 2022

In past years, massive data has been accumulated by many bridge structural health monitoring systems, and various methods have been proposed to detect data anomalies to ensure the reliability of subsequent data analysis. However, these methods are incapable of determining if there still exist usable data segments in a data sequence providing a specified anomaly type has been identified. To address the problem, a deep learning-based multi-label classification method is proposed in this paper. A multi-label anomaly dataset is first constructed using monitored acceleration data of a cable-stayed bridge. Then, a multilabel anomaly classification model based on a convolutional neural network is developed and trained with the constructed dataset. The developed method exhibits desirable performance in simultaneously detecting the existence of both usable data and the other data anomalies.
Research on the Damping Ratio Variation of Vehicle Bridge Interaction System Based on the Complex Mode Method
Authors: Shang Zhiqiang , Xia Ye
Published: November 2022

Vehicle-bridge interaction (VBI) is a classical problem in bridge structural health monitoring (SHM), and there are many studies on this problem. However, most of the studies have focused on the frequency of VBI systems and neglected the damping. In this paper, the effects of vehicle parameters on the damping ratio of VBI systems are investigated. First, the equations of motion (EOM) of the VBI system are given. Then the damping ratios of the VBI system are solved by the complex mode method, and the results are verified by numerical simulation. Finally, the effects of vehicle parameters on the damping ratio of the bridge are analyzed. The results show that the speed, position, mass, frequency, and damping ratio of the vehicle will affect the damping ratio of the VBI system. When the vehicle frequency is close to the resonance condition, the change of damping ratio of the bridge is not negligible.
Bridge Performance Prediction Approach Based on Improved Particle Filter and Structural Health Monitoring Data
Authors: Qu Guang , Sun Limin
Published: November 2022

To reasonably and dynamically predict the performance of the in-service bridges, this paper proposes an adaptive-variance Bayesian-dynamic-linear-model Improved Particle Filter (IPF) prediction approach to reliability for bridge structures with sensor measurements. First of all, the adaptive-variance dynamic linear model, which provides state equation, monitored equation and initial state information for the PF, is built with the measurements of bridge sensors. The corresponding theoretical and numerical recursive processes are carried on with the Bayes method. Then the built adaptive-variance Bayesian-dynamic linear model is applied to provide the dynamic importance distribution functions for PF, which can solve the sample degradation problem of the traditional particle filter. Proceed to the next step, using the IPF prediction approach and FOSM method, structural reliability at critical points is dynamically predicted based on the sensor data. Finally, an actual bridge is provided to illustrate the feasibility and application of the proposed model and method.
Safety Risk Analysis of Super-Large Span Suspension Bridge Supporting Rotary Structure Composite Ground Wall Anchorage Foundation
Authors: Qingyun Zhang , Hongtao Li , Jing Ruan , Rengui Wang , Leyong Wei , Zhenyou Liang , Qinghai Feng , Dongdong Han , Longji Du
Published: November 2022

According to the geological characteristics of the deep soft overburden and high pressurized water where the anchor of the 2300 meters suspension bridge is located, the safety risk analysis of the diaphragm wall anchorage foundation with rectangular-ambulatory-plane was carried out, and the risk sources were sorted out. The risk levels of each risk source were evaluated by expert questionnaire, and the risk levels of anchorage were analyzed by Kent index method. The countermeasures of all risk sources were formulated, and the main risk factors were studied. On this basis, the design scheme of anchorage foundation was optimized, the key control measures of risk factors in the construction process were put forward, and the corresponding emergency plans for main construction risks were formulated, which provided a guarantee for the smooth implementation of anchorage foundation scheme.
Study on the Influence of Bridge Expansion Joints on Vehicle-Track- Bridge System
Authors: Wang Yunlu , Gao Mangmang , Yang Jingjing
Published: November 2022

Bridge expansion joints (BEJs) are equipped at the girder end of long-span railway bridges to ensure the reliable transition of the track. The track structure of BEJs is more complex than that of bridge, so the BEJs should have suitable dynamic stiffness to ensure the safety and stability of vehicle. Taking a high-speed railway bridge equipped with densely arranged BEJs as an example, a vehicle- track-bridge coupled model was established to analyse the influence of vertical stiffness of BEJs on the dynamic response of whole system. Base on the established model, the study shows that the deformation of the BEJs will cause the short-wave irregularity of the rail and high-frequency impact on the vehicle. The unreasonable stiffness of BEJs will greatly increase the derail risk of the vehicle, so the influence of the stiffness of BEJs on the dynamic response of vehicle should be considered adequately in the design of the BEJs. According to the research results, it is recommended to use a larger stiffness of cushion plate. The results have been applied to the design of the BEJs on the studied railway lines, which are in good service condition at present.
Stress-strain Model Adapted to Bolted Connection in Ultimate Behaviour Considering Energy Absorption
Authors: Takai Toshikazu , Tanii Kenshin
Published: November 2022

Bolted connection is one of the well-used techniques to connect structural members of steel bridges. Not only load capacity but also energy absorption are important characteristics of the structure to resist seismic action. In a finite element analysis, a true stress-true strain material model is needed to obtain an accurate evaluation in case the structure is exposed to excessive forces and deformed largely, although the true stress-true strain model is almost the same as to nominal stress-strain model in the small strain part. This study proposes a simple true stress-true strain model. And, the validity of the model was confirmed by the compare the finite element analysis and steel material tensile test or tensile experiment of bolted connection. Some true stress-true strain models were investigated and discussed from the viewpoint of load capacity and energy absorption.
Computer Vision-based Finite Element Model Updating Method Using Measured Static Data: An Experimental Study
Authors: Luo Lanxin , Xia Ye , Wang Ao , Sun Limin
Published: November 2022

Accurate FE models play an important role in structure health monitoring (SHM). In the traditional static finite element model updating (FEMU) process, loading tests interrupting the traffic are required for obtaining static data, which is inconvenient. This paper proposes a novel static FEMU method based on computer vision technology and WIM system, avoiding the mentioned defects. Firstly, the static response simulation under traffic load is carried out with the computer vision determining the load location and the BIW system deciding the load value. Secondly, signal processing technology extracts the measured static data from the monitoring data. Thirdly, the PSO method is utilized to perform the FEMU. An experiment is designed on a bridge model with an SHM system, and results verify the convenience and accuracy of the proposed method
Algorithm of the Risk of Ship-Bridge Collision Considering Ship’s Dimension
Authors: Liu Yihua , Zhang Jingyan
Published: November 2022

The issue of ship collision with bridge is very important topic in the academic research, however, the studies only regard the ship as a particle at present, ignoring the size of the ship, which cause the accuracy of the active early warning system cannot meet the requirements of practice. In this paper, proposes the algorithm of the risk of ship-bridge collision considering the ship’s dimension, including the LOA and BMAX. First, utilizing the mercator projection method to make convertion of coordinate system. Secondly, analysing the relationship of geometric position based on the ships, bridge piers and channel to constructe the algorithm of the risk ship collision with bridge. Thirdly, the active early warning strategy is proposed depending on the value from the descripted algorithm. Finally, the reliability of the algorithm is validated by case study. It can improve the accuracy of the risk of ship-bridge collision significantly, and conducive to the application of the warning system.
Reliability Evaluation of Bridge Fatigue Life through Refined Statistical Analysis of Stochastic Traffic Flow Monitoring Data
Authors: Yang Donghui , Guan Zexin
Published: November 2022

To evaluate the reliability of the fatigue performance of key bridge components under stochastic vehicle loads, a prediction and evaluation method for the fatigue life of bridges based on elaborate statistical analysis of traffic flow and strain influence line identification is established in this paper. Firstly, The two-step clustering (TSC) method is applied to distinguish the different traffic states with the clustering numbers to be determined objectively. The elaborate stochastic traffic flow is simulated by random sampling of vehicle feature probabilistic models for each traffic state. Secondly, the actual bridge strain influence line inverted based on the fatigue detail measured strain data is used to be loaded by the stochastic traffic flow, and the stress time history under the stochastic traffic flow is calculated. The Monte Carlo method is applied to predict fatigue life. Finally, a real bridge is taken as an example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Automated Crack Detection Method Based on Deep Learning and 3D Reconstruction for Concrete Bridges
Authors: Sun Tao , Deng Lu , Cao Ran , Wang Wei
Published: November 2022

Automated image-based bridge crack detection, as a promising technique, can be used to overcome the limitations of human visual inspection. However, results from current image-based methods are generally localized and lack 3D geometric information, which makes it difficult for structural assessment. To solve this issue, a crack detection method that combines deep learning and 3D reconstruction is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a 2D feature-based approach is developed to extract keyframes from the video adaptively. Secondly, a segmentation network is implemented to conduct pixel-level crack segmentation. Finally, image-based 3D reconstruction and crack mapping are used to create the 3D structure model with crack semantics. A field experiment is also carried out on an in-service concrete bridge for validation and discussion of the proposed method. The 3D model created by the proposed method can significantly improve the crack inspection of concrete bridges.
Experimental Study on Activation Performance of Fe-Based Shape Memory Alloy for Strengthening Steel Bridge
Authors: Qiang Xuhong , Chen Longlong , Jiang Xu
Published: November 2022

To reveal the effect on heat transfer and the distribution of temperature in Fe-SMA during its activation, a series of tests was performed on Fe-SMA strips in this paper. The mechanical properties of Fe-SMA were preferentially studied by uniaxial tensile test, and the activation performance of Fe- SMA strips was investigated by independently designed set-up, in which the temperature can be monitored by eight K-type thermocouples. The test results reveal that the heat-transfer effect of activation in Fe-SMA strips was dramatical with different spacing and transfer time. Furthermore, a theoretical predication equation was proposed to obtain the peak temperature at any point of the structural member, which serves for deciding the adhesive type and the bonding length of adhesive bonding joint for Fe-SMA reinforcement. This paper offers basic material properties and activation performance of Fe-SMA, which can be employed for further numerical study and theoretical study on the smart reinforcement of steel bridges via Fe-SMA.
Fatigue Performance Evaluation of FRP Reinforced Steel Tubular K- Joint
Authors: Xiong Zhihua , Li Wenwen , Meng Yang , Zhao Chenyu
Published: November 2022

Welded steel tubular joints have been widely used in bridge engineering, but fatigue cracks are common in the joints under cyclic loads due to structural discontinuity and manufacturing defects. The formation and development of cracks have a great influence on the bearing capacity of joints, and even lead to the lack of safety of joints, thus the normal use of joints is affected. In this paper, for the cracked tubular K-joints under fatigue load, the change of stress intensity factor (SIF) before and after reinforced with carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) is discussed by numerical simulation. The influence of the number of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer layers on the SIF of the reinforced joints is also discussed. The numerical simulation results show that the SIF can be effectively reduced by using CFRP to strengthen joint, and the fatigue performance of the joints can be greatly improved.
Reinforcement Design for Abutment-Beam Joint of an Integral Abutment Bridge Based on “Tensile Stress Region” Theory
Authors: Yongxue Jin , Huifen Liu , Dong Xu , Mingwan Zheng , Zengming Yu
Published: November 2022

An integral abutment bridge (IAB) is a type of bridge in which bearings and expansion joints are eliminated at the abutment. Its superstructure is usually connected to its substructure by casting the abutment-beam joint in-situ, which is responsible for transferring loads and reaction forces. Like the knee joint of the frame, the joint is in stress disturbed region and the reinforcement is more complicated. In this paper, based on the principle of equal stiffness, the whole structure is simplified to a “single girder + single pile” structure equivalently. Then combined with the “tensile stress region” theory, by calculating the element stresses of an engineering example under four load combinations, a simpler design method is proposed for the reinforcement of the joint of an IAB.
Mechanical Analysis of Central Buckle Region of Long Span Suspension Bridge
Authors: Ji Yifang , Su Qingtian
Published: November 2022

A central buckle is generally set in the middle of long-span suspension bridge to improve the structure mechanical performance. With a large number and sophisticated composition of steel plates, the mechanical behaviour of central buckle region is obscure. In this paper, a shell-beam hybrid finite element model of a 428m main span self-anchored suspension bridge was established, and the mechanical characteristics of central buckle region were analysed. The result shows that the normal stress of steel plates in central buckle region is mainly dependent on by dead loads, the effect caused by live loads only accounts for approximately 15% of that caused by dead loads; axial force of central buckle is mainly transmitted to the diaphragms and webs of the girder.
Influence of different debonding gap types on mechanical performance of axially loaded CFST stub columns
Authors: Xue J. Q. , Huang J. P. , Wei J. G.
Published: November 2022

The mechanical performance of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) members could be affected by the debonding gaps between steel tubes and core concrete. In this paper, the finite element models (FEMs) of axially loaded CFST stub columns with different debonding gap types, i.e., circumferential debonding gap (CDG) or spherical-cap debonding gap (SDG), were implemented by ABAQUS. The accuracy of FEMs was verified by test results. The influence of different debonding gap types on the mechanical performance of axially loaded CFST stub columns with the same debonding cross- sectional area was compared by using FEMs. The results showed that compared with SDG, the influence of CDG on the ultimate load-bearing capacity (Nu) was larger and on the failure mode was smaller. With an increase in CDG arc-length ratio (RCDG), the reduction coefficient of Nu (KD) firstly increased and then decreased. With an increase in SDG ratio (χSDG), the KD decreased. With an increase in RCDG or χSDG, the Nu decreased. All the debonding specimens showed inward buckling in steel tubes within the debonding range, while the outward lateral deflection towards the no- debonding range was also observed. With an increase in RCDG, the inward buckling of steel tubes was more severely to contact with the core concrete at the middle-height of columns, then an outward buckling was found. With an increase in χSDG, the inward buckling of steel tubes become more significant, but the failure modes remained unchanged.
Bridge Management Systems – A Crucial Link to BIM
Authors: Samec Vanja , Coelho Mário , Joshi Sachidanand , Morgenthal Guido , Shim Chang-Su
Published: November 2022

Fatal bridge collapses and accidents, climate change effects and critical maintenance condition of many bridges recently increased the interest among bridge owners worldwide to transition from preventive to more proactive bridge maintenance and support by digitalization. Analyzing maintenance information systematically contributes to successful maintenance management. Inspections and maintenance require organized, automated, open, and transparent digital processes. Worldwide Bridge Management Systems evolve, associated with the technological evolution, but are in urgent need for a digital upgrade, especially considering BIM technology. Existing BIM models must be enriched by assets obtained from inspection and maintenance processes. An Open BIM platform should be the goal and to this end IABSE Task Group 5.6 "BIM for Existing Structures" has defined its aim as helping to stimulate debate on this topic and give recommendations on how to address the issues raised.
Seismic Analysis of High-Speed Railway Irregular Bridge-Track System under Obliquely Incident Waves
Authors: Zhu Zhihui , Tang Yongjiu
Published: November 2022

This study mainly explores the influence of different seismic incident angles on the damage of irregular bridge track systems in complex topography regions. The seismic ground motions of the V-shaped canyon site were simulated through SH wave theoretical analysis. Nonlinear seismic response analyses of irregular simply supported railway bridge–track systems were performed under the different incident angles of seismic (0°~ 60°). The effects of different seismic incident angles on the seismic response of the bridge-track system are analyzed. The results show that the seismic displacement responses of piers top, transverse movable bearings, and fasteners are significantly different under different seismic incident angles, and the unfavorable seismic incident angle is 60°. Underestimate the maximum 37 % seismic displacement response of pier top, transverse movable bearings, and fastener without considering the influence of incident angle.
Performance of Simply-Supported Steel Bridge in Realistic Fires
Authors: Liu Zhi , Huang Qiao , Xu Chenglong
Published: November 2022

This paper investigated the thermomechanical performance of a simply-supported steel girder bridge above a tanker fire by coupling the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method and finite element method (FEM). Numerical results show that the presented method was able to replicate the inhomogeneous thermomechanical response of box bridges exposed to real fires. The girder failed due to the buckling of a central diaphragm after the ignition of the investigated tanker fire in no more than 10 min. The framework presented in this study is programmatic and friendly to researchers and can be applied to estimate bridges in different fire conditions.
Experimental and Numerical Study on the Seismic Performance of Precast Bridge Column with an Improved Grouted Corrugated Duct Connection Design
Authors: Qu Hongya , Wang Zhiqiang , Wu Chengjun , Li Tiantian
Published: November 2022

In this paper, an improved connection design of the precast bridge column is proposed, including new design of grouted corrugated steel duct and a shallow recess pocket at the top of footing connection for the assembly of precast concrete bridge columns, which has a good seismic performance, durability and facilitate constructability. The improved grouted corrugated steel duct which can increase the bonding mechanism and facilitate constructability expected to perform better than conventional corrugated galvanized steel ducts used for post-tensioning applications. Finite element analysis is then conducted. It is found that the confining effect (support and friction force) provided by recess sidewall keeps the connection in good integrity. It also prevents early deformation and early development of transverse cracks along the connection interface, which further avoids the damage concentration at connection joint, transfers the plastic hinge region.
Numerical Simulation of the Nonlinear Flexural Behavior of Pretensioned Void Slabs with Different Concrete Constitutive Laws
Authors: Wang Tao , Guo Kai Qiang , Liu Zhao
Published: November 2022

To investigate the numerical simulation for the nonlinear flexural behavior of pretensioned void slab beams, the three-dimensional finite element models (FEM) of the existing pretensioned void slabs were established and verified through tests. Firstly, based on the concrete constitutive laws in Chinese code and EN 1992-1, the damage factors in concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) models derived from energy equivalent model were incorporated. Meanwhile, the constitutive models of reinforcement and prestressing tendons were calibrated in accordance with the yield strength and tensile strength data obtained from the tests. Then, the flexural loading history of the beams were numerically analyzed, and the simulation outcomes were compared with the test results. Finally, the impact of constitutive laws and the damage factors on the calculation accuracy and efficiency of numerical simulation analysis were studied.
Characteristics and Research Progress of Frost Heaving and Frost Pulling of Pile-soil System
Authors: Caixia Fan , Yunjia Li
Published: November 2022

The frost uplift of pile foundation or other rod-shaped structures along with the frost heave of foundation soil, is a kind of frost damage widely existing in cold region engineering. These damages have always been the main problems of railway and highway subgrade, and they are controllable factors affecting the technical indexes of subgrade in cold regions. This paper explores the evolution law, cause, characteristics, and influence factors of frost heave and uplift of pile-soil system during the freezing process. The interaction between pile and soil and the mechanism of frost heave and uplift are revealed. With the analyses on distribution at pile-soil interface and influencing factors of freezing strength, the distribution law of freezing strength at pile-soil interface is clarified. Based on the previous experimental methods of frost heaving force and uplifting force, this paper discusses the problems and limitations using current methods.
Fatigue Resilient Design of Bridge Orthotropic Steel Deck
Authors: Fan Wenli , Li Huaiguang
Published: November 2022

It is difficult to precisely predict the fatigue life of orthotropic decks due to random initial defects and high-cycle loading conditions. Two typical fatigue failures occurr in orthotropic steel decks, which hinder both the capacity and the efficient life of modern steel bridges. The Type 1 crack is along the super-long weld joints between the cover plate and U-shaped rib, while Type 2 crack develop within the diaphragm adjacent to the fillet joints. While both cracks originate and develop from weld toes, and the Type 2 crack usually develop along the near-horizontal direction. Among the many factors contributing to the failure, the notch type, notch size, vehicle loads uncertainties related to positions, magnitudes and frequency were uncertain. Thus, it is reasonable to apply different strategies to achieve more resilient orthotropic decks. It is recommended new weld improvement has to be introduced to mitigate initial notch for type Ⅰ details, and structural flexibility has to be selected to improve the fatigue performance for type Ⅱ detail.
Cultural Expression of Long-span Bridge Structure - Landscape Design of Zhangjinggao Yangtze River Bridge
Authors: Hao Hailong , Guo Haotian , Wei Leyong , Yan Zhifa , Cao Fei , Li Hongtao , Ruan Jing , Lin Haifeng , Dai Junping , Zhao Feng
Published: November 2022

Zhangjinggao Yangtze River Bridge, located in Jiangsu Province, China, will be the longest suspension bridge in the world. Taking the landscape design process of Zhangjinggao Yangtze River Bridge as an example, this paper discusses the landscape design principles and methods of the long-span bridge, along with how to combine the regional cultural elements with the bridge structure, therefore create an identifiable and iconic bridge architectural landscape. This paper puts forward an effective idea and method for the engineering aesthetic design and cultural connotation expression of long-span Bridges.
Wuhu Second Bridge: Development of Stayed Cable Anchorage System and Application of Structural Innovations
Authors: Hu Ke , Wang Shengbin , Yang Dahai , Liu Wanyue
Published: November 2022

Based on the design and construction of the second Yangtze river bridge in Wuhu (hereinafter referred to as Wuhu Second Bridge), this article introduces the structure system of the full-floating cable-stayed bridge with four cable planes, single-column tower and separated steel box girders. A series of innovative structural measures have been taken to improve the safety and economy of the bridge, such as the looping stayed cable anchorage system, the diagonal damping constraint system, and the externally prestressed segmental assembled box girder used in the approach bridge. In addition, the finite element analysis software was used to study and analyse the mechanical characteristics of the bridge. The reliability of the structural anchorage system and damping constraint system was verified either.
Steel-concrete Composite Cable-stayed Bridge—Main Crossing Bridge of Nanjing Jiangxinzhou Yangtze River Bridge
Authors: Cui Bing , Wu Huanling , Guo Zhiming , Zhao Canhui , Liu Jiaping
Published: November 2022

The main bridge of Nanjing Jiangxinzhou Yangtze River Bridge is in the form of a cable-stayed bridge with three towers and two main spans, with a total length of 1796m and a main span of 600m. The towers and main beams are all composite structures, which is the first all-steel-concrete composite cable-stayed bridge in the world. The bridge originally develops the steel shell-concrete composite tower, investigates coarse aggregate reactive powder concrete (CA-RPC), and applies it to the main girder to form a lightweight and high-performance beam. Numerous technologies have been achieved in new materials, new structures, new processes, and many other aspects. The unique structural concept has significantly increased the factory manufacturing speed, which not only reduces the work and labour cost 25% but also reduces the amount and loss of materials during construction, which has made contributions to the development of cable-stayed bridges.
Design of the Main Structure of The Pi River Water Viaduct
Authors: Xu Hongguang , Wu Zhigang , Yang Shanhong , Yin Liang , Zhu Yu
Published: November 2022

The Pi River Water Viaduct is a milestone in the Yangtze-to-Huai Water Diversion Project. From the structure point of view, it is a girder-arch composite system with a span configuration (68+110+68)

m. It is the first aqueduct made of steel structures in China. And its span ranks the 1st in the world in terms of navigable aqueducts. Site selection, load features, structure type, durability are firstly discussed in the paper on the basis of construction conditions, and then a corresponding conceptual design is given. The reliability of the design solution is validated by a large number of scientific studies and tests, and guidance for detailed structural design is also summarized from the studies and tests.
Effectiveness of Incomplete Welds in Nodes of Bridge Truss Girder Nodes with Hollow Core Profile Members
Authors: Van Bogaert Philippe
Published: November 2022

Steel truss structures are a powerful and reliable type of bridge girders. The complex part of trusses are the nodes, especially if more than 4 members are converging. Such nodes include internal welds; inaccessible after completion. This study assesses whether all of the internal welds are indispensable, or alternatively, what are the consequences if they are omitted. The latter is tested for a particular bridge, consisting of hollow core profiles. After determining the member forces, including bending moments, an alternative load path is indicated, generated if the internal welds are missing. Formulas are given to determine the weld stresses. In ULS some of the welds require a small amount of strengthening if the internal welds are omitted. In addition fatigue resistance was determined. Certainly for this example internal node welds may be left out, although this does not necessarily apply to more complex node cases. This indicates omitting of some internal welds may well be acceptable
A Note on the Stability of Functional Equations via a Celebrated Direct Method
Authors: Zhang Dongwen , Rassias John Michael , Liu Qi , Li Yongjin
Published: November 2022

More than ten years after Justyna Sikorska [8] attempted to solve the Heyers-Ulam stability of a single variable equation by using direct method. In this paper, we will improve the results of Justyna Sikorska by using a more efficient approach. Relations between the generalized functional equation, the dependence of their different parameters and several properties are also further explored. To achieve the problem, we try to develop some new techniques to overcome the fundamental difficulties caused by the different properties of the function and the presence of several variables in the equation. Furthermore, we continue to construct and study a couple of functional equations by making a new direct method.
An Integrated Risk Management Framework for Global Supply Chains
Authors: Avcı Mualla Gonca
Published: November 2022

In this study, a risk management framework is developed to support risk management decisions in global supply chains. The proposed framework covers all phases of risk management, namely, risk identification, risk miti-gation and control. In the risk identification phase of the framework, the supply chain is decomposed into either material-level or product-level sub-networks according to the decision maker’s preference. Afterwards, the most crit-ical sub-network is modelled to evaluate different risk mitigation strategies. In particular, a combination of redun-dancy and flexibility strategies is considered for risk mitigation. These strategies are evaluated by simulation models in terms of their effectiveness and efficiency. While inventory holding cost is used as efficiency measure, effective-ness of the strategies is measured by premium freight ratio. The proposed framework provides a comprehensive and reliable decision support since it covers all phases of risk management and relies on quantitative data, and statistical analysis in risk modelling. Moreover, it is flexible as it can be easily adapted to any change in supply chain environ-ment and strategy. In order to show the applicability of the framework, a practical demonstration is presented for a European automotive company. The results indicate that the proposed framework improves the supply chain perfor-mance in terms of efficiency and effectiveness.
EX-PRESIDENTS OF THE POST-SOVIET STATES. LEGAL STATUS AND POLITICAL PRACTICE
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Borisov Nikolai A.
Published: November 2022

Despite the extensive political and legal practice of regulating the status of a president who has ceased to perform his duties, that institution still remains insufficiently studied. On the basis of the author’s methodology the article solves the problem of the correlation between the formal status and informal influence of post-Soviet ex-presidents, and identifies ex-presidency models. It considers 33 ex-presidency cases in 12 post-Soviet states in the period from 1992 to 2022 and gives a quantitative assessment for each case according to two criteria (the level of institutionalization and the level of subjectivity). The author comes to the conclusion that out of 33 cases, only 30% are characterized by staying of the ex-president in politics, and of these, only in four cases, that staying did not lead to political persecution of the former president. Legal guarantees of maintaining the ex-president’s high role in the political process in practice do not guarantee the ex-president’s safety, since as a result of a change in the balance of power within the elite; they may be revised or canceled by the new president. At the same time, the degree of political regime competitiveness also does not affect the ex-president’s protection from prosecution. Weak legislative regulation of the ex-president’s status or its absence in competitive political regimes does not exclude that presidents whose term of office is coming to an end will try to extend them in other ways. Currently, only in Russia and Turkmenistan elites have been able to ensure staying of expresidents in the political process without subjecting them to persecution. In all other states, the ex-presidency experience is either still absent or has an extremely negative character associated with the persecution of former leaders for political reasons. That is due to the fact that in most post-Soviet states, irrespective to the type of political regime, stable institutional practices of political competition, dialogue with opponents and guarantees of former presidents activities have not appeared.
ETHNIC PARTIES AS AGENTS OF ETHNO-POLITICAL MOBILIZATION IN THE STATES OF WESTERN EUROPE
Authors:   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Sidorov Viktor V.
Published: November 2022

The article is concerned with the study of the ethnic parties influ The article is concerned with the study of the ethnic parties infl uence on the political mobilization processes in the states of Western Europe. Ethnic parties are often viewed as institutions that increase ethnic tensions and conflicts, but still such parties function in many European countries. In political science, there is a discussion about how and under what conditions ethnic parties really pose a danger to the political stability. Ethno-political conflicts presuppose the presence of mobilization of ethnic groups. The article proves that ethnic parties drastically increase ethno-political mobilization. Ethnic parties are interested in such mobilization and form the mobilization infrastructure. A comparative analysis of ethno-political parties of Belgium, Great Britain and Spain showed that ethno-political mobilization in them differs significantly. If in Spain the protests in Catalonia threatened not only national political stability, but also the security of citizens, then in Belgium and the UK, ethnic parties limited themselves to mobilizing citizens for electoral political participation.
La importancia de la pedagogía en la práctica docente universitaria
Authors: Henríquez Antepara Evelyn
Published: November 2022

El presente artículo de investigación analiza la importancia de la formación pedagógica de los docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas y Físicas y analiza la deficiencia de aprendizaje después de recibir clases rutinarias durante el semestre. Por tal motivo, surgió la necesidad de modificar la forma de aprendizaje y enseñanza de parte del docente hacia sus estudiantes en cada aula de clases para ayudar a mejorar la eficiencia del personal docente y/o administrativo. Este articulo está basado en las tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TICs), ya que permiten promover el diseño y el desarrollo del plan de formación con el objetivo de una nueva pedagogía innovadora, didáctica y tecnológica. En consecuencia, adquirir y afianzar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes, tanto como fortalecer las enseñanzas otorgadas en la carrera de Networking y Tecnología de la información. Finalmente, surgió como solución para que los docentes capacitados apliquen estas herramientas en sus enseñanzas y las metodologías de las cuales se debe fomentar las herramientas tecnológicas a sus alumnos al usar las TICs. De esta manera pudieron gestionar la información dada en la educación y promovieron una mayor atención en el aula de clase al implementar las TICs. La necesaria formación pedagógica  en los docentes universitarios contribuiría a cumplir los perfiles de salida de sus estudiantes.
Marketing digital para la comercialización electrónica del Centro Artesanal de muebles de Madera “Huambaló”
Authors: Arcos Naranjo Gissela Alexandra , Viera Zambrano Aida Piedad , Vásconez Salazar José Luis , Sánchez Pérez Vanessa Elizabeth
Published: November 2022

El presente trabajo investigativo tuvo como finalidad diagnosticar como se estaba llevando el marketing digital en el Centro Artesanal Huambaló, que se dedica a la venta de muebles de Madera. Se partió de la problemática relacionada con la disminución de las ventas en dicho centro debido a la no ampliación de los mercados a los cuales se llega. Metodológicamente se aplicó el paradigma investigativo de tipo cuantitativo, se llevó a cabo una investigación documental, así como de campo, la técnica utilizada fue la encuesta y el instrumento asociado fue el cuestionario. Se trabajó con una población de 41 socios del Centro y no hizo falta calcular ninguna muestra. El principal hallazgo que se hizo fue el escaso apoyo de la tecnología tanto en el aspecto promocional como en el aspecto de comercialización que lleva adelante el Centro. Se propone la estructuración de un plan de marketing digital para ampliar segmentos de mercado y con ello elevar las ventas venidas amenos en estos últimos tiempos. Finalmente se concluye que con la aplicación de un plan de marketing digital se apoya directamente al proceso de comercialización electrónica y a la gestión de ventas en general
Huella de carbono del cultivo de banano (Musa paradisiaca) en la hacienda La Victoria, provincia de El Oro
Authors: Fajardo Espinoza Paola , Cadenas Martínez Rubén
Published: November 2022

La huella de carbono es una herramienta que se utiliza para medir la emisión de gases efecto invernadero generada por actividades antropogénicas, tales como la agricultura. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la huella de carbono producida por las actividades agrícolas del cultivo de banano (Musa paradisiaca) en la Hacienda “La Victoria” provincia de El Oro durante los años 2020 y 2021. Para ello se aplicó la metodología del Protocolo de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (Greenhouse Gas Protocol GHG Protocol) para lo cual se calcularon las emisiones directas generadas por el uso de combustibles de fuentes móviles y la aplicación de fertilizantes, así como las emisiones indirectas generadas por el consumo eléctrico y consumo de combustible para fumigación aérea. Los resultados muestran que durante el 2020 se emitieron 635,31 , de los cuales, aproximadamente, el 12,86% corresponden al consumo de combustible por parte de las bombas hidráulicas propiedad de la hacienda, 71,45% a emisiones generadas por la aplicación de fertilizantes, 2,76% al consumo de energía eléctrica y 12,92% corresponden al consumo de combustible para la fumigación aérea. Durante el 2021, se emitieron 588,65  de los cuales 13,91%, 68,93%, 2,74% y 14,37% corresponden al consumo de combustible por parte de las bombas propiedad de la hacienda, aplicación de fertilizantes, consumo de electricidad y fumigación aérea, respectivamente. Se concluye que la diferencia en la huella de carbono en los años en estudio se debe a que se implementaron medidas para reducir la cantidad de fertilizantes sintéticos utilizados.
Pengembangan LKPD Pencemaran Lingkungan berbasis PBI (Problem Based Instruction) untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Sains dan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMP/MTs di Kabupaten Lombok Tengah
Authors: Sahril Sahril , Idrus Agil Al , Syukur Abdul
Published: November 2022

Bahan ajar berbentuk LKPD dengan model Problem Based Instruction (PBI) merupakan salah satu solusi dari permasalahan yang ditemukan dalam pembelajaran, sebagian besar pembelajaran masih ditekankan pada teori saja bukan penalaran di lingkungan sekitarnya sehingga literasi sains dan berpikir kritis belum optimal. Penelitian pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan LKPD yang layak, praktis, dan efektif meningkatkan kemampuan literasi sains peserta didik. Model pengembangan ini menggunaka model ADDIE untuk membantu menghasilkan dan menguji keefektifan sebuah produk pembelajaran. Subyek penelitian terdiri atas tiga sekolah SMP/MTs yang ada di kota Praya dan Praya Barat Kabupaten Lombok Tengah yang ditentukan menggunakan Teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi lembar validasi, angket respon guru dan peserta didik, serta instrument penilaian literasi sains dan berpikir kritis. Data kelayakan dan kepraktisan dianalisis menggunakan rumus rata-rata persentase, dan data keefektifan dianalisis menggunakan rumus N-Gain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan LKPD layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran dengan nilai rata-rata penilaian validator sebesar 77,25% untuk isi, 78,33% penyajian dan 90,00% untuk bahasa. LKPD dengan model Problem Based Instruction sangat praktis digunakan dengan nilai rata-rata respon peserta didik sebesar 83,79% dan nilai rata-rata respon guru sebesar 88,58%. LKPD dengan Model Problem Based Instruction (PBI) efektif untuk meningkatkan literasi sains dan berpikir kritis peserta didik dengan nilai N-Gain literasi sains 0,6 dalam kategori sedang, dan nilai N-Gain berpikir kritis sebesar 0,7 dengan kategori tinggi. Hasil tersebut menggambarkan bahwa LKPD yang telah dikembangkan memiliki tingkat kelayakan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan yang baik untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran IPA sebagai upaya meningkatkan literasi sains dan berpikir kritis peserta didik SMP/MTs.
Sacramento da Penitência
Authors: Zilles Urbano
Published: November 2022

Ninguém poderá negar que atualmente a prática do sacramento da penitência se encontra em crise. Esta crise atinge não só a alguns bispos, teólogos e parte do clero, mas a todo o povo de Deus...
Cardio protective effect of intermittent fasting on the lumen area ratio of the coronary artery in rats with a high-calorie diet
Authors: Alfa Syemila Zuhri  , Sundari Indah Wiyasihati  , Tania Ardiani Saleh
Published: November 2022

Atherosclerosis is a principal cause of coronary artery disease (CAD), one of the major causes of global premature mortality and morbidity. The glycolysis pathway will process excess carbohydrates in a high-calorie diet (HCD) into triglycerides, which, if accumulated, will cause an increase in the concentration of atherogenic triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Therefore, intermittent fasting (IF) is a recommended lifestyle to prevent CAD through metabolic reprogramming pathways. This study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of eight weeks of IF 5:2 on the lumen area ratio of the coronary artery in rats with four weeks of HCD. A total of 24 Wistar male albino rats were divided into SD (standard diet), IF (IF 5:2), HCD (daily injection 0.013 g/gBW glucose), and IF-HCD (IF 5:2 and HCD). At the end of the experiment, all the rats were sacrificed. The coronary artery preparations were stained with H&E stain, then evaluated with the OLYMPUS cellSens Standard to measure the arterial lumen area. The statistical analysis was done using Brown Forsythe test. In this study, no significant differences between all groups, and the effect of IF will only be seen if an HCD intervention has a significant effect. However, the IF group achieved the highest mean in the arterial lumen area ratio (SD=0.526±0.097; IF=0.631±0.021; HCD=0.611±0.064; IF-HCD=0.594±0.060). In conclusion, IF 5:2 may have a cardioprotective effect in healthy individuals, but the effect is unknown in individuals with HCD.