bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periodização do treinamento para triatletas de Ironman: Uma revisão sistemática sobre métodos e efetividade dos programas de treinamento
Authors: Garcia William Fernando , Pereira Carolina Kowalski
Published: July 2022

O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar sistematicamente a literatura acerca do tema periodização do treinamento para triatletas de longa distância, competidores de Ironman 70.3 e Ironman. As buscas foram conduzidas nas bases PubMed, SportDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, Scielo e Medline. A análise das informações dos artigos foi realizada pela lista de checagem da declaração STROBE e os dados foram analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo do tipo categorial. A revisão incluiu 6 estudos publicados no período de 1989 a 2020. Os atletas, de ambos os sexos, contemplando o nível de competição amador são representantes das seguintes modalidades: Ironman (66,8%) e Ironman 70.3 (33,2%). As pesquisas foram desenvolvidas na Espanha (2), nos Estados Unidos (1), Canadá (1) e em outros dois estudos o local de competição não foi mencionado pelos autores. Os resultados revelaram que foi utilizada a Periodização Clássica como modelo de treinamento, um grande volume semanal e muitas sessões de treinamento. A maior parte do tempo dedicado as sessões de treinamento foi despendido em treinos de baixa intensidade e uma pequena parte em intensidade de limiar ou intensidade alta. Nota-se, portanto, que os esportes de endurance exigem que os atletas utilizem grande parte do seu tempo treinando em baixa intensidade para propiciar melhores ganhos de performance. Este estudo concluiu, ainda, que há escassez de pesquisas no que se refere a periodização do treinamento de eventos para esta população especificamente.
Assistência de Enfermagem no campo da saúde do homem: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Nascimento Maria Isabel Fernandes , Dantas Maria Clara Soares , Foncêca GianLuca Nunes , Sousa Júnior Adriano Cipriano de , Agra Glenda , Nunes Elicarlos Marques
Published: July 2022

O Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) ao ver a necessidade da adesão dos homens na Atenção Primária à Saúde criou a Política Nacional de Atenção Integral da Saúde do Homem (PNAISH), a fim de melhorar o atendimento e fazer com que a equipe multiprofissional acolhesse esse público conforme os princípios do SUS e da própria política. Objetivou-se analisar a assistência de Enfermagem no campo da saúde do homem por meio de uma revisão integrativa. Metodologia: Tratou-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, pelo método de uma revisão integrativa, que contribui para análise da pesquisa e dos resultados. Evidenciou deficiência do autocuidado e informação tanto na assistência de enfermagem como do público masculino, apresentando déficits na promoção e prevenção de doenças e agravos. A PNAISH não foi suficiente para inserir o homem no contexto de buscar o atendimento de saúde de forma preventiva, sendo necessário a desconstrução da figura masculina como forte e invulnerável, interferindo assim no acesso a atenção básica, sendo necessário também qualificação profissional.
Caracteres macromorfoscópicos do crânio e sua aplicação para a estimativa da ancestralidade em populações contemporâneas da América: revisão sistemática
Authors: Argollo Selma da Paixão , Meneses-Santos Daniela , Oliveira Murilo Navarro de , Calmon Melina , Marques Jeidson Antônio Morais , Paranhos Luiz Renato , Franco Ademir
Published: July 2022

A identificação humana pode encontrar desafio quando da presença de corpos em avançado estado de decomposição – requerendo a reconstrução de um perfil biológico da vítima. Este estudo investigou quais caracteres morfológicos do crânio são mais utilizados para se estimar a ancestralidade em populações contemporâneas das Américas. Um protocolo de revisão sistemática foi registrado na base Open Science Framework e seguiu as recomendações do manual Joanna Briggs Institute. Buscou-se estudos macromorfoscópicos acerca da ancestralidade do crânio humano em populações americanas. Foram excluídos estudos arqueológicos, estudos em ossadas de indivíduos não adultos, e estudos com análises métricas ou genéticas. Sete bases de dados (MedLine via PubMed, Scopus, Embase, LILACS, BBO, SciELO e Web of Science) foram pesquisadas como fontes primárias de busca. As bases ProQuest, Google Acadêmico e OpenGrey foram utilizadas para capturar parcialmente a “literatura cinzenta”. Dois revisores de elegibilidade coletaram de maneira independente os dados e avaliaram o risco de viés. A síntese qualitativa foi realizada de maneira descritiva/narrativa. Foram encontrados inicialmente 4.526 registros. Seis estudos foram selecionados para a síntese qualitativa. Os estudos foram publicados entre 2010 e 2020 e realizados nos Estados Unidos da América, Canadá e Colômbia. Os estudos elegíveis indicaram como características morfológicas cranianas mais frequentemente estudadas para se estimar a ancestralidade a Espinha Nasal Anterior (ANS), a Largura Interorbital (IOB), a Largura da Abertura Piriforme/Nasal (NAW), o Sobrecrescimento dos Ossos Nasais (NO) e a Depressão Pós-bregmática (PBD). Tais estruturas são em sua maioria abordadas no método antropológico proposto por Hefner em 2009.
A dicotomia do trabalho docente frente à virtualização de emergência na educação no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Marques Ronualdo , Lelis Diego Andrade de Jesus , Gonzalez Carlos Eduardo Fortes
Published: July 2022

Com o avanço da Covid-19 no mundo foi gerada uma série de impactos sobre as atividades exercidas pela população, mediante as limitações impostas pelo isolamento e distanciamento social. Procuramos evidenciar a excepcionalidade da situação que levou inúmeros países a desenvolver ações de educação remota emergencial e as implicações nos diferentes níveis educacionais no contexto brasileiro Nesse sentido, este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a partir das inferências dos professores os pontos positivos e negativos do trabalho remoto no processo de virtualização de emergência. Utilizou-se a metodologia qualitativa com interpretações críticas no formato de estudo de caso. Conclui-se que o trabalho remoto aponta vários elementos para se repensar nos paradigmas que se despontam na educação e que nos leva a ressignificar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem mediante as limitações impostas pelo isolamento social provocados pela Covid-19.
Life history of spinyhead croaker Collichthys lucidus (Sciaenidae) differentiated among populations from Chinese coastal waters
Authors: Zhang S , Jiang Y , Li M , Zhu J , Xu S , Chen Z
Published: July 2022

Otolith microchemistry provides valuable information about the environmental history of individual fish, but few studies have considered the influence of population or stock on life history traits. This study used the Sr/Ca ratio as an index of habitat use of spinyhead croakerCollichthys lucidusfrom 2 different populations (northern and southern China populations), including lifetime otolith microchemistry profiles (n = 63 fish) and determinations of natal habitat selection (n = 352 fish). The otolith data revealed 3 life history patterns inC. lucidus: Pattern 1 individuals spent most of their lifetime (>95%) in mesohaline waters (Sr/Ca range: 3-7 mmol mol-1), particularly during early growth; Pattern 2 individuals migrated from hyperhaline waters (Sr/Ca ≥ 7 mmol mol-1) to mesohaline waters; and Pattern 3 individuals migrated from oligohaline waters (Sr/Ca < 3 mmol mol-1) to mesohaline waters. Pattern 2 and Pattern 3 were specific to the northern and southern China populations, respectively, and Pattern 1 was shared by the 2 populations. The otolith core Sr/Ca ratios showed that mostC. lucidusselected mesohaline waters as their natal habitat (i.e. 90.6% of 352 total individuals); 12.5% (19 of 152) selected hyperhaline waters and fell within the northern China population, and 7% (14 of 200) selected oligohaline waters and fell within the southern China population. These results indicate that life history diversity exists in this species, as the pattern of habitat use largely differed between the northern and southern China populations. The overall findings highlight that the behavior of different populations should be considered when determining fish migration histories.
DETERMINATION OF THE FASTEST ROUTE FOR FIRE TRUCKS IN CIREBON CITY BASED ON DISTANCE, TIME, CONGESTION AND LAND USE
Authors: Hariani Mira Lestira , Astor Yackob
Published: July 2022

Fire fighter performance can be represented by the speed of handling the fire case, where greatly influenced by the travel speed of the fire trucks to the fire location. This study aims to determine the fastest route for fire trucks in Cirebon City based on the travel distance, time, congestion and land use. The method used in this study is by applying the Geographic Information System (GIS) model in identifying several variables that affect the travel speed of fire trucks. In this study, several alternative routes were determined from the fire station (Harjamukti fire station and Bima fire station) to the location of fire (Harjamukti Market) and then calculated the travel time on each alternative route by considering travel distance, time, congestion and land use. The results showed that the fastest travel time for fire trucks in Cirebon City was largely influenced by the travel distance. However, in conditions of high traffic flow, a route with a longer distance but does not cross a congested road segment can produce a faster travel time when compared to a shorter route but crosses congested roads. The fastest route from the Bima fire station to Harjamukti market is route 1 (2,854 m) in the morning, route 3 (3,019 m) in the afternoon and evening. Meanwhile, the fastest route from the Harjamukti fire station to Harjamukti Market is Route 1 (2,069 m) in the morning, afternoon and evening because it has the shortest distance.
THE SURVIVAL OF NORTH KANOMAN �CITY VILLAGE� AS AN ART AND CULTURAL VILLAGE IN CIREBON CITY
Authors: Mukhlis Jafar , Hariani Mira Lestira , Qira'ati Muhfidlatul
Published: July 2022

Cities are the result of social interactions that form a community and produce culture. cultural resilience as a term that describes the extent to which a person's cultural strength in overcoming regional developments. Cirebon City as a City of Culture is inseparable from the history and culture of the past that form the characteristics of its own people. The City Village that still survives today is the North Kanoman Village, which is in the Kanoman Palace area. Cultural and artistic traditions are still maintained from generation to generation so that the characteristics of local wisdom are well preserved, so it is necessary to study the survival of the North Kanoman village in changing the development of a modern city. This study aims to determine the adaptation of the local wisdom of North Kanoman Village as an art and culture village in Cirebon City in an effort to maintain its existence as an art village in the midst of urban development. The output of this research is the modeling of the resilience of North Kanoman Village. The research uses a qualitative approach through qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. In this study, the method used is to use open interviews to examine and understand the attitudes, views, feelings and behaviors of individuals or groups of people. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the phenomenon of survival and adaptation methods were carried out by the North Kanoman community, this adaptation was closely related to changes in attitudes that occurred in the community. The synergy between the community and cultural leaders occurs in how to maintain culture and art for the younger generation from urban modernity and the era of digitalization. By adapting, the people of North Kanoman Village try to survive and continue their lives.Keywords: Survival, Urban Village, City Development, Local Wisdom, Arts and Culture
THE EFFECT OF THE USE OF GBFS AS A MEDIUM AGGREGATE SUBSTITUTION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE AC-WC ASPHALT MIXTURE
Authors: Marshando Panji
Published: July 2022

The massive use of natural materials in major road infrastructure frequently disrupts the sustainability of the ecosystem in the environment. A solution for using other materials is needed to minimize the impact of using these natural materials. GBFS (Granulated Blast Furnace Slag) is waste from blast furnace combustion of iron and steel material in granular form, which characteristically can be used as a substitute for medium aggregate asphalt mixture material. The study was conducted by several testing, such as GBFS material testing, AC-WC asphalt mixture characteristic test using Absolute Density Method, and performance testing on AC-WC asphalt mixtures, based on its structural performance and dunctional performance with the percentage of GBFS as medium aggregate variation at 0%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The study results show that the utilization of the percentage of GBFS as a medium aggregate substitution by 75% improves functional performance and structural performance of AC-WC asphalt mixture.Keyword: GBFS, Asphalt Mixture, AC-WC, Medium Aggregate.
Pengaruh Kompetensi dan Kompensasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Nurlita Yuni , Maryam Siti , Sulistiyowati Lissa Harry
Published: July 2022

Abstract : This study aims to analyze whether there is an influence between competency and compensation variables on employee performance at PT Pelabuhan Indonesia II (PELINDO II) Cirebon Branch as many as 58 people. The sampling technique in this study used saturated samples. This type of research uses quantitative methods with associative types. In this study the data were obtained from research instruments using a questionnaire, then processed using the help of IBM SPSS 23 For Windows software. The results of the study based on the value of multiple linear regression analysis show that competence has a positive and significant effect on employee performance seen from t count 2.996> t table 1.672, compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance seen also from t-count 4.112> t table 1.672, and simultaneously competency variables Dam compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance as seen from f-count 11.295> f-tabel 3.16. Of all the results, both partially and simultaneously, have a significant value less than 0.05 or 0.001 <0.05.Keyword : Employee Performance, Competence, and Compensation.Abstrak : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis apakah terdapat pengaruh antara variabel kompetensi dan kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT Pelabuhan Indonesia II (PELINDO II) Cabang Cirebon sebanyak 58 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sampel jenuh. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis asosiatif. Dalam penelitian ini data diperoleh dari instrumen penelitian dengan menggunakan kuesioner, kemudian diolah menggunakan bantuan perangkat lunak IBM SPSS 23 For Windows. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan nilai analisis regresi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dilihat dari t hitung 2,996 > t tabel 1,672, kompensasi berpengaruh posiif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dilihat pula dari thitung 4,112 > ttabel 1,672, dan secara simultan variabel kompetensi dam kompensasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dilihat dari fhitung 11,295 > ftabel 3,16. Dari semua hasil baik secara parsial maupun simultan memiliki nilai signifikan lebih kecil dari 0,05 atau 0,001 < 0,05.Kata Kunci : Kinerja Karyawan, Kompetensi, dan Kompensasi.
Google Classroom as A Web-based Instruction in Teaching English Writing and Speaking during Covid-19
Authors: Wahyuni Elli Setiyo , Arieffiani Deasy
Published: July 2022

This paper aims at investigating the impacts of the enactment of Google classroom as instructional media in the context of EFL. E-learning through Google classroom is an effective and interactive media to teach writing and speaking skills during social distancing. This is a qualitative study assessment, interview, and questionnaire in collecting data. Analytic and diagnostic rating scales are the assessment to measure writing and speaking skills. The results show that English Language Teaching in Google classroom promotes innovation in collaborating the use of assessment, students’ background knowledge, and real-world materials. The impact shows that students have great achievement in both writing and speaking skills and Google classroom is more recommended than traditional lecturing.  Riset ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan dampak penggunaan Google classroom sebagai media pembelajaran dalam konteks pembelajaran bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa asing. E-learning melalui Google classroom merupakan media yang efektif dan interaktif untuk mengajarkan keterampilan menulis dan berbicara selama social distancing. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan wawancara, dan kuesioner untuk pengumpulan data. Skala penilaian analitik dan diagnostik adalah penilaian yang digunakan untuk mengukur keterampilan menulis dan berbicara. Kuesioner dan wawancara juga digunakan untuk menganalisis hasil temuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengajaran Bahasa Inggris melalui Google classroom, mempromosikan inovasi dalam mengkolaborasikan penggunaan penilaian, pengetahuan latar belakang siswa, dan materi dunia nyata. Dampaknya menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa memiliki prestasi yang lebih baik dalam keahlian menulis dan berbicara. Penggunaan Google classroom lebih direkomendasikan daripada kuliah tradisional secara tatap muka selama pandemi covid 19.
Photoprotective Properties of Extracts From Cultivated and Wild Macromycetes
Authors: Khramchankova V.
Published: July 2022

The photoprotective properties of ethanol extracts from fruiting bodies of cultivated macromycetes Hericium erinaceus, Lentinula edodes, Ganoderma lucidum, and Pleurotus ostreatus, and wild-growing Inonotus obliquus, Fomes fomentarius, Trichaptum biforme, and Ganoderma applanatum, were evaluated. The yield of extracts was 29.2%; 25.0%; 11.5% and 9.1% for H. erinaceus, L. edodes, G. lucidum and P. ostreatus, respectively; 16.5%; 2.6%; 2.3% and 5.1% for I. obliquus, F. fomentarius, T. biforme and G. applanatum, respectively. Ethanol extracts from the fruiting bodies of cultivated mushrooms had a low level of photoprotection in terms of SPF, with a score of λcrit = 3÷4, were excellent and most effective in terms of UV-A/UV-B. Extracts from the fruiting bodies of T. biforme and G. applanatum are not photoprotective: the first according to the criterion λcrit < 370 nm; the second is SPF < 15.0. The extract from F. fomentarius is photoprotective, the extract from I. obliquus is close to being photoprotective.
Bioecological Features and Reproduction of Carica papaya L. in Closed Conditions (Azerbaijan)
Authors: Mammadov T. , Huseynova A.
Published: July 2022

The article for the first time at the Institute of Dendrology of Azerbaijan NAS presents the introduction, reproduction, bioecological features, and dynamics of growth and development of the species Carica papaya L. in closed conditions. The seed and vegetative methods of propagation of the species Carica papaya L., which we consider promising, can be successfully applied in interior gardening, and the results of studies of the last 3 years on them have been studied. To achieve this goal, the following studies were carried out: the study of seed and vegetative methods of reproduction; the determination of the morphological features of seedlings obtained at the initial stage of development (ontogenesis), the study of biorhythms of development, the study of the dynamics of growth and development of the root system of annual plants.
Consciousness and life after death in the evolution of intelligence
Authors: Senarath Dayathilake Kande Lekamalaya
Published: July 2022

It seems that no scientific study has been able to find evidence of an afterlife, and the mechanism of consciousness is two of the most challenging questions. Here, I show a hypothesis for consciousness and the probability of an afterlife through three simple thought experiments and theoretical evidence, yet more studies need to precisely understand the mechanism. I found that consciousness might be discussed from three fundamental theories: (1) quantum-level particles of functional neurons in the brain according to quantum mechanics, (2) the brain and its more significant matter than quantum particles behave to general relativity, and (3) a new theory is needed if any other additional mechanism exists. When a brain dies, the ultraquantum particles might emit from the dead brain and simultaneously bond with the suitable early vacant nervous system anywhere in the universe/s, forming a new life with the impact of new nurture.
A Short Review of Anti-Rust Fungi Peptides: Diversity and Bioassays
Authors: Lintz Julie , Dubrulle Guillaume , Cawston Euan , Duplessis Sébastien , Petre Benjamin
Published: July 2022

Pucciniales are fungal pathogens of plants that cause devastating rust diseases in agriculture. Chemically-synthesized pesticides help farmers to control rust epidemics, but governing bodies aim at limiting their use over the next decade. Defense peptides with antimicrobial activities may help to innovate a next generation of phytosanitary products for sustainable crop protection. This review comprehensively inventories the proteins or peptides exhibiting a biochemically-demonstrated antifungal activity toward Pucciniales (i.e., anti-rust proteins or peptides; hereafter ‘ARPs’), and also analyses the bioassays used to characterize them. In total, the review scrutinizes sixteen publications, which collectively report 35 ARPs. These studies used either in vitro or in planta bioassays, or a combination of both, to characterize ARPs; mostly by evaluating their ability to inhibit the spore germination process in vitro or to inhibit fungal growth and rust disease development in planta. Also, the manuscript shows that almost no mode of action against rust fungi was elucidated, although some might be inferred from studies performed on other fungi. This short review may serve as a knowledge and methodological basis to inform future studies addressing ARPs.
Spectrum of BRAF Aberrations and Its Potential Clinical Implications: Insights From Integrative Pan-Cancer Analysis
Authors: Yi Qiaoli , Peng Jinwu , Xu Zhijie , Liang Qiuju , Cai Yuan , Peng Bi , He Qingchun , Yan Yuanliang
Published: July 2022

B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (BRAF) is frequently altered in multiple cancer types, and BRAF V600 mutations act as a prime target for precision therapy. Although emerging evidence has investigated the role of BRAF, the comprehensive profiling of BRAF expression, alteration and clinical implications across various cancer types has not been reported. In this study, we used the TCGA dataset, covering 10,967 tumor samples across 32 cancer types, to analyze BRAF abnormal expression, DNA methylation, alterations (mutations and amplification/deletion), and their associations with patient survival. The results showed that BRAF expression, alteration frequency, mutation site distribution, and DNA methylation patterns varied tremendously among different cancer types. The expression of BRAF was found higher in PCPG and CHOL, and lower in TGCT and UCS compared to normal tissues. In terms of pathological stages, BRAF expression was significantly differentially expressed in COAD, KIRC, LUSC, and OV. The methylation levels of BRAF were significantly lower in LUSC, HNSC, and UCEC compared to normal tissue. The expression of BRAF and downstream gene (ETS2) was negatively correlated with methylation levels in various cancers. The overall somatic mutation frequency of BRAF was 7.7% for all cancer samples. Most fusion transcripts were found in THCA and SKCM with distinct fusion patterns. The majority of BRAF mutations were oncogenic and mainly distributed in the Pkinase_Tyr domain of THCA, SKCM, COADREAD, and LUAD. The BRAF mutations were divided into five levels according to the clinical targeted therapy implication. The results showed level 1 was mainly distributed in SKCM, COADREAD, and LUAD, while level 3B in THCA. The overall BRAF CNV frequency was about 42.7%, most of which was gain (75.9%), common in GBM, TGCT, and KIRP. In addition, the forest plot showed that increased BRAF expression was associated with poor patient overall survival in LIHC, OV, and UCEC. Taken together, this study provided a novel insight into the full alteration spectrum of BRAF and its implications for treatment and prognosis.
Non-Invasive Dynamic Reperfusion of Microvessels In Vivo Controlled by Optical Tweezers
Authors: Shao Meng , Zhong Min-Cheng , Wang Zixin , Ke Zeyu , Zhong Zhensheng , Zhou Jinhua
Published: July 2022

Distributive shock is considered to be a condition of microvascular hypoperfusion, which can be fatal in severe cases. However, traditional therapeutic methods to restore the macro blood flow are difficult to accurately control the blood perfusion of microvessels, and the currently developed manipulation techniques are inevitably incompatible with biological systems. In our approach, infrared optical tweezers are used to dynamically control the microvascular reperfusion within subdermal capillaries in the pinna of mice. Furthermore, we estimate the effect of different optical trap positions on reperfusion at branch and investigate the effect of the laser power on reperfusion. The results demonstrate the ability of optical tweezers to control microvascular reperfusion. This strategy allows near-noninvasive reperfusion of the microvascular hypoperfusion in vivo. Hence, our work is expected to provide unprecedented insights into the treatment of distributive shock.
Effect of Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Acids on Migration Characteristics of Pb in Reclaimed Soil
Authors: Zheng Yonghong , Li Yating , Zhang Zhiguo , Tan Yuning , Cai Weiqing , Ma Chengnan , Chen Fangling , Lu Jiangwei
Published: July 2022

The effect of low-molecular-weight organic acids (citric acid and malic acid) on the migration characteristics of Pb in contaminated soils was explored in this study. Reclaimed soil was collected from the coal gangue hill area of the Panyi mine in Huainan City (China). The effect of citric acid and malic acid on the form of Pb present in the reclaimed soil was analyzed by spiking soil samples and simulating Pb-contaminated soil. The results indicate the following. 1) With increased concentration of exogenous Pb, the activity of Pb in the reclaimed soil was effectively improved. 2) The addition of citric acid and malic acid both resulted in an increased fraction of exchangeable Pb in the soil, which effectively promoted the active Pb fraction. As the concentrations of citric acid and malic acid increased, the active Pb fraction of the reclaimed soil increased accordingly. The Pb activation effect of citric acid was observed to be greater than that of malic acid. 3) With extended soil aging time, the activation effect of organic acids on Pb weakened, with the loosely bound Pb gradually transforming into strongly bound Pb. Chelating agents can activate heavy metals in soil, mainly through the combination of chelating agents and heavy metal ions in the soil solution to form soluble metal chelates, so as to increase the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil to plant roots. Therefore, adding citric acid can be considered as a strategy to enhance the efficiency of reclaimed soil remediation because of the ability of Pb activation.
Discovery of 2-Phenylquinoline-4-Carboxylic Acid Derivatives as Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
Authors: Hui Qian , Zhang Lihui , Feng Jinhong , Zhang Lei
Published: July 2022

Inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) has been extensively studied in the development of anticancer drugs. In the discovery of potent HDAC inhibitors with novel structures, the 2-substituted phenylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid group was introduced to the cap moiety of HDAC inhibitors. In total, 30 compounds were synthesized with hydroxamic acid or hydrazide zinc-binding groups. In the enzyme inhibitory test, active compound D28 and its analog D29 exhibited significant HDAC3 selectivity against HDAC1, 2, 3, and 6. However, compared with D28, the hydrazide-bearing compounds (D29 and D30) with remarkably improved enzyme inhibitory activities did not exhibit significant antiproliferative potency in the in vitro anticancer study. Further K562 cell-based mechanistic results revealed that induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest and promotion of apoptosis make important contributions to the anticancer effects of molecule D28. Collectively, an HDAC3 selective inhibitor (D28) with potent in vitro anticancer activity was developed as a lead compound for the treatment of cancer.
Effect of Alkyl Side Chain Length on the Lithium-Ion Conductivity for Polyether Electrolytes
Authors: Sai Ryansu , Hirata Seiko , Tsutsumi Hiromori , Katayama Yu
Published: July 2022

The design guidelines of polymer structure to effectively promote lithium-ion conduction within the polymer electrolytes (PEs) are crucial for its practical use. In this study, the electrolyte properties of a simple polyether having alkyl side chains with varied lengths (−(CH2)m−H, m = 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12) were compared and established a valid design strategy based on the properties of the alkyl side chain. Various spectro-electrochemical measurements successfully connected the electrolyte properties and the alkyl side chain length. Steric hindrance of the alkyl side chain effectively suppressed the interaction between ether oxygen and lithium-ion (m ≥ 2), decreasing the glass transition temperature and the activation energy of lithium-ion transfer at the electrode-electrolyte interface. The strong hydrophobic interactions aligned and/or aggregated the extended alkyl group (m ≥ 8), creating a rapid lithium-ion transport pathway and enhancing lithium-ion conductivity. A clear trend was observed for the following three crucial factors determining bulk lithium-ion transport properties along with the extension of the alkyl side chain: 1) salt dissociability decreased due to the non-polarity of the alkyl side chain, 2) segmental mobility of polymer chains increased due to the internal plasticizing effect, and 3) lithium-ion transference number increased due to the inhibition of the bulky anion transport by its steric hindrance. The highest lithium-ion conductivity was confirmed for the PEs with an alkyl side chain of moderate length (m = 4) at 70°C, indicating the optimized balance between salt dissociability, polymer segmental mobility, and selective lithium-ion transfer. The length of an alkyl side chain can thus be a critical factor in improving the performance of PEs, including thermal stability and lithium-ion conductivity. Precise tuning of the alkyl side chain-related parameters such as steric hindrance, polarity, internal plasticizing effect, and self-alignment optimizes the polymer segmental mobility and salt dissociability, which is crucial for realizing high lithium-ion conductivity for PEs.
Quorum Quenching-Guided Inhibition of Mixed Bacterial Biofilms and Virulence Properties by Protein Derived From Leaves of Carissa carandas
Authors: Shukla Manjari , Singh Vineeta , Habeeballah Hamza , Alkhanani Mustfa F. , Lata Manjul , Hussain Yusuf , Mukherjee Madhuparna , Pasupuleti Mukesh , Meena Abha , Mishra Bhartendu Nath , Haque Shafiul
Published: July 2022

The inhibition/degradation potential of Carissa carandas proteinaceous leaf extract against mixed bacterial biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, Escherichia coli MTCC 1304, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 741, and Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 109, responsible for nosocomial infections, was evaluated. Distinct inhibition/degradation of mixed bacterial biofilm by the proteinaceous leaf extract of C. carandas was observed under a microscope, and it was found to be 80%. For mono-species biofilm, the maximum degradation of 70% was observed against S. aureus biofilm. The efficiency of aqueous plant extracts to inhibit the mono-species biofilm was observed in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the best was found against P. aeruginosa (12.5 μg/ml). The presence of flavonoids, phenols, and tannins in the phytochemical analysis of the plant extract suggests the main reason for the antibiofilm property of C. carandas. From the aqueous extract, protein fraction was precipitated using 70% ammonium sulfate and dialyzed. This fraction was purified by ion-exchange chromatography and found to be stable and active at 10°C (pH 7). The purified fraction showed less than 40% cytotoxicity, which suggests that it can be explored for therapeutic purposes after in-depth testing. In order to investigate the mechanistic action of the biofilm inhibition, the plant protein was tested against Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, and its inhibitory effect confirmed its quorum quenching nature. Based on these experimental analyses, it can be speculated that the isolated plant protein might influence the signaling molecule that leads to the inhibition effect of the mixed bacterial biofilm. Further experimental studies are warranted to validate our current findings.
Novel Lateral Flow-Based Assay for Simple and Visual Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Mutations
Authors: Gomez-Martinez Julien , Henry Steven , Tuaillon Edouard , Van de Perre Philippe , Fournier-Wirth Chantal , Foulongne Vincent , Brès Jean-Charles
Published: July 2022

Identification of the main SARS-CoV-2 variants in real time is of interest to control the virus and to rapidly devise appropriate public health responses. The RT-qPCR is currently considered to be the reference method to screen SARS-CoV-2 mutations, but it has some limitations. The multiplexing capability is limited when the number of markers to detect increases. Moreover, the performance of this allele-specific method may be impacted in the presence of new mutations. Herein, we present a proof-of-concept study of a simple molecular assay to detect key SARS-CoV-2 mutations. The innovative features of the assay are the multiplex asymmetric one-step RT-PCR amplification covering different regions of SARS-CoV-2 S gene and the visual detection of mutations on a lateral flow DNA microarray. Three kits (Kit 1: N501Y, E484K; Kit 2: L452R, E484K/Q; Kit 3: K417N, L452R, E484K/Q/A) were developed to match recommendations for surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants between January and December 2021. The clinical performance was assessed using RNA extracts from 113 SARS-CoV-2-positive samples with cycle thresholds <30, and results demonstrated that our assay allows specific and sensitive detection of mutations, with a performance comparable to that of RT-qPCR. The VAR-CoV assay detected four SARS-CoV-2 targets and achieved specific and sensitive screening of spike mutations associated with the main variants of concern, with a performance comparable to that of RT-qPCR. With well-defined virus sequences, this assay can be rapidly adapted to other emerging mutations; it is a promising tool for variant surveillance.
Characterization and Comparative Genomic Analysis of a Highly Colistin-Resistant Chryseobacterium gallinarum: a Rare, Uncommon Pathogen
Authors: Gaur Mahendra , Dey Suchanda , Sahu Anshuman , Dixit Sangita , Sarathbabu S. , Zothanzama John , Sahoo Rajesh Kumar , Behera Dibyajyoti Uttameswar , Monika  , Subudhi Enketeswara
Published: July 2022

For the first time, we describe the whole genome of a yellow-pigmented, capsule-producing, pathogenic, and colistin-resistant Chryseobacterium gallinarum strain MGC42 isolated from a patient with urinary tract infection in India. VITEK 2 automated system initially identified this isolate as C. indologenes. However, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that MGC42 shared 99.67% sequence identity with C. gallinarum–type strain DSM 27622. The draft genome of the strain MGC42 was 4,455,926 bp long with 37.08% Guanine-Cytosine (GC) content and was devoid of any plasmid. Antibiotic resistance, virulence, and toxin genes were predicted by implementing a machine learning classifier. Potential homologs of 340 virulence genes including hemolysin secretion protein D, metalloprotease, catalase peroxidases and autotransporter adhesins, type VI secretion system (T6SS) spike proteins, and 27 toxin factors including a novel toxin domain Ntox23 were identified in the genome. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) orthologs of 110 transporter proteins were predicted that were in agreement with moderate efflux activity. Twelve antibiotic resistance genes including two potentially novel putative β-lactamase genes sharing low similarity with known β-lactamase genes were also identified in the genome of this strain. The strain MGC42 was also resistant to several classes of antibiotics along with carbapenems and polymyxin. We also identified mutations in the orthologs of pmrB (M384T) and lpxD (I66V) that might be responsible for colistin resistance. The MGC42 strain shared 683 core genes with other environmental and clinical strains of Chryseobacterium species. Our findings suggest that the strain MGC42 is a multidrug-resistant, virulent pathogen and recommend 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify clinical specimens of Chryseobacterium species.
The Differentiation and Maintenance of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Follicular Helper T Cells
Authors: Wang Yifei , Tian Qin , Ye Lilin
Published: July 2022

Upon acute viral infection, virus-specific CD4+ T cells differentiate into either TH1 cells or follicular helper T (TFH) cells. The molecular pathways governing such bimodal cell fate commitment remain elusive. Additionally, effector virus-specific TFH cells further differentiate into corresponding memory population, which confer long-term protection against re-infection of same viruses by providing immediate help to virus-specific memory B cells. Currently, the molecular mechanisms underlying the long-term maintenance of memory TFH cells are largely unknown. In this review, we discuss current understanding of early differentiation of virus-specific effector TFH cells and long-term maintenance of virus-specific memory TFH cells in mouse models of viral infection and patients of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.
Few-Shot and Weakly Supervised Repetition Counting With Body-Worn Accelerometers
Authors: Nishino Yuuki , Maekawa Takuya , Hara Takahiro
Published: July 2022

This study investigates few-shot weakly supervised repetition counting of a human action such as workout using a wearable inertial sensor. We present WeakCounterF that leverages few weakly labeled segments containing occurrences of a target action from a target user to achieve precise repetition counting. Here, a weak label is defined to specify only the number of repetitions of an action included in an input data segment in this study, facilitating preparation of datasets for repetition counting. First, WeakCounterF leverages data augmentation and label diversification techniques to generate augmented diverse training data from weakly labeled data from users other than a target user, i.e., source users. Then, WeakCounterF generates diverse weakly labeled training data from few weakly labeled training data from the target user. Finally, WeakCounterF trains its repetition counting model composed of an attention mechanism on the augmented diversified data from the source users, and then fine-tunes the model on the diversified data from the target user.
Systemic Inflammation Response Index Is a Promising Prognostic Marker in Elderly Patients With Heart Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Xue , Ni Qingwei , Wang Jie , Wu Shujie , Chen Peng , Xing Dawei
Published: July 2022

Background

Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome caused by ventricular dysfunction, which leads to the decline of activity tolerance and repeated hospitalization, which seriously affects the quality of life and is the main cause of death of the elderly. It has long been observed that the pathophysiological mechanism of HF is associated with systemic inflammation. This study aims to explore the association between the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), a novel biomarker of inflammation, and outcomes in elderly patients with HF.

Methods

Data was extracted from the Medical Information Mart data for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. The primary outcome was 90-day all-cause mortality. The secondary outcomes included 1-year all-cause mortality, the length of hospital or intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). Cox proportional hazards regression, linear regression, and logistic regression models were used to assess the association between SIRI levels and all-cause mortality, the length of hospital or ICU stay, the need for RRT, respectively. Moreover, Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the correlation between SIRI and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Results

This study cohort included 3,964 patients from the MIMIC-III database and 261 patients from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. The result suggested that SIRI was independently associated with the 90-day, and 1-year all-cause mortality in elderly patients with HF (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: adjusted HR, 95% CI: 1.41 (1.18, 1.68), 1.19 (1.03, 1.37); p trend = 0.0013, 0.0260; respectively). Elevated SIRI was associated with increased the length of hospital or ICU stay after adjusting for multiple confounders (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: β, 95% CI: 0.85 (0.16, 1.54); 0.62 (0.18, 1.06); p trend = 0.0095, 0.0046; respectively). Furthermore, we found that patients with higher SIRI levels were more likely to require RRT (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: OR, 95% CI: 1.55 (1.06, 2.28); p trend = 0.0459). Moreover, we confirmed that SIRI was statistically positively correlated with CRP (correlation coefficient r = 0.343, p <0.001).

Conclusions

SIRI could be a novel promising inflammatory biomarker for predicting all-cause mortality in elderly patients with HF. And the patients with higher SIRI values had the longer length of hospital or ICU stay and were more likely to require for RRT. Of note, this study also verified a statistically significant positive correlation between SIRI and the inflammatory marker CRP, highlighting the importance of systemic inflammation as a determinant of outcome in patients with HF.
Hub Genes Identification, Small Molecule Compounds Prediction for Atrial Fibrillation and Diagnostic Model Construction Based on XGBoost Algorithm
Authors: Yang Lingzhi , Chen Yunwei , Huang Wei
Published: July 2022

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and engenders significant global health care burden. The underlying mechanisms of AF is remained to be revealed and current treatment options for AF have limitations. Besides, a detection system can help identify those at risk of developing AF and will enable personalized management.

Materials and Methods

In this study, we utilized the robust rank aggregation method to integrate six AF microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and identified a set of differentially expressed genes between patients with AF and controls. Potential compounds were identified by mining the Connectivity Map database. Functional modules and closely-interacted clusters were identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis and protein–protein interaction network, respectively. The overlapped hub genes were further filtered. Subsequent analyses were performed to analyze the function, biological features, and regulatory networks. Moreover, a reliable Machine Learning-based diagnostic model was constructed and visualized to clarify the diagnostic features of these genes.

Results

A total of 156 upregulated and 34 downregulated genes were identified, some of which had not been previously investigated. We showed that mitogen-activated protein kinase and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors were likely to mitigate AF based on Connectivity Map analysis. Four genes, including CXCL12, LTBP1, LOXL1, and IGFBP3, were identified as hub genes. CXCL12 was shown to play an important role in regulation of local inflammatory response and immune cell infiltration. Regulation of CXCL12 expression in AF was analyzed by constructing a transcription factor-miRNA-mRNA network. The Machine Learning-based diagnostic model generated in this study showed good efficacy and reliability.

Conclusion

Key genes involving in the pathogenesis of AF and potential therapeutic compounds for AF were identified. The biological features of CXCL12 in AF were investigated using integrative bioinformatics tools. The results suggested that CXCL12 might be a biomarker that could be used for distinguishing subsets of AF, and indicated that CXCL12 might be an important intermediate in the development of AF. A reliable Machine Learning-based diagnostic model was constructed. Our work improved understanding of the mechanisms of AF predisposition and progression, and identified potential therapeutic avenues for treatment of AF.
Physiologic Data-Driven Iterative Learning Control for Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Magkoutas Konstantinos , Arm Philip , Meboldt Mirko , Schmid Daners Marianne
Published: July 2022

Continuous flow ventricular assist devices (cfVADs) constitute a viable and increasingly used therapy for end-stage heart failure patients. However, they are still operating at a fixed-speed mode that precludes physiological cfVAD response and it is often related to adverse events of cfVAD therapy. To ameliorate this, various physiological controllers have been proposed, however, the majority of these controllers do not account for the lack of pulsatility in the cfVAD operation, which is supposed to be beneficial for the physiological function of the cardiovascular system. In this study, we present a physiological data-driven iterative learning controller (PDD-ILC) that accurately tracks predefined pump flow trajectories, aiming to achieve physiological, pulsatile, and treatment-driven response of cfVADs. The controller has been extensively tested in an in-silico environment under various physiological conditions, and compared with a physiologic pump flow proportional-integral-derivative controller (PF-PIDC) developed in this study as well as the constant speed (CS) control that is the current state of the art in clinical practice. Additionally, two treatment objectives were investigated to achieve pulsatility maximization and left ventricular stroke work (LVSW) minimization by implementing copulsation and counterpulsation pump modes, respectively. Under all experimental conditions, the PDD-ILC as well as the PF-PIDC demonstrated highly accurate tracking of the reference pump flow trajectories, outperforming existing model-based iterative learning control approaches. Additionally, the developed controllers achieved the predefined treatment objectives and resulted in improved hemodynamics and preload sensitivities compared to the CS support.