bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of glyprolins on the behavior of laboratory animals under experimental hyperthyroidism
Authors: Sergalieva Mariyam U. , Tsibizova Alexsandra A. , Abdulkadyrova Elvira I. , Andreeva Ludmila A. , Samotrueva Marina A. , Myasoedov Nikolay F.
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to determine the peculiarities of behavioral reactions and psychoemotional status of laboratory animals in experimental hyperthyroidism conditions against the background of introducing peptides of glyproline series (selank and tripeptide Pro-Gly-Pro). All experiments were conducted on white non-linear male rats, which were divided into groups consisting of 10 individuals. The first group consisted of control rats that received intraperitoneal water for injection in equi-volume. The second group consisted of individuals with experimental hyperthyroidism modeled by intragastric administration of L-thyroxine Berlin-Chemi Germany) at 150 mcg/kg/day for 21 days. The third and fourth groups were animals with a hyperthyroidism model and received intraperitoneal Selank and Pro-Gly-Pro at 200 mcg/kg/day for 21 days after the hyperthyroidism model development. The behavioral activity determination of laboratory animals was conducted using the Open Field method, which is widely used in the analysis of approximate research activity, locomotive stereotyping, and the emotional reactivity level of rodents. The level of animal anxiety was assessed using the Raised cross-shaped maze method. The study revealed that experimental hyperthyroidism due to the introduction of L-thyroxine is accompanied by an increased level of the anxiety-depressive state in the behavior of male rats. The study on the effects of selank and its structural analog Pro-Gly-Pro on the psychoemotional status of male rats using Open Field and Raised cruciform labyrinth methods revealed that the recovery of the approximate research motor activity of laboratory animals is noted, which indicates the psychomodulatory activity of glyproline neuropeptides, in experimental hyperthyroidism conditions.
Intraoperative electrocorticography: variants of periodic patterns in the structural epilepsy
Authors: Aleksandrov Mikhail V. , Kostenko Irina A. , Cherniy Valeriy S. , Tastanbekov Malik M.
Published: January 2022

The results of intraoperative electrocorticography for patients with the structural epilepsy are influenced by two main factors: the action of general anesthetic and the mechanisms of epileptogenesis. Under the general anesthesia, there is a dose-dependent suppression of the bioelectrical activity of the brain; you could even register the outburst-diminution and outburst-suppression types of the periodic patterns. The study was carried out to classify the variants of periodic activity registered on the intraoperative electrocorticogram for patients with a structural epilepsy. The work was carried out during the examination and surgical treatment of the two groups of patients: 1) 19 patients (men/women 10/9, 1945 years old) with focal drug-resistant epilepsy; 2) 19 patients (men/women 8/11, 2868 years old) with structural epilepsy associated with the intracerebral tumors. All patients underwent surgical removal of the epileptic focus under a neurophysiological control. Surgical interventions were performed under the sevoflurane-based inhalation anesthesia in doses from 1.01.5 MAC (minimum alveolar concentration). Periodic activity on intraoperative electrocorticography was represented with the outburst-suppression type of patterns and patterns containing epileptiform discharge graph elements: discharge- postdischarge depression, outburst-suppression with discharges against the background of depression, small electrical elements with epileptiform discharges. The presence of discharge graph elements in the periodic patterns has a neurophysiological correlation with a drug-resistance in the structural epilepsy.
The value of erythropoietin in the pathogenesis of anemia of chronic diseases in the rheumatic patients
Authors: Sakhin Valery T. , Kryukov Evgeniy V. , Grigoriev Maxim A. , Kazakov Sergey P. , Sotnikov Alexey V. , Gordienko Aleksandr V. , Nosovich Dmitriy V. , Rukavitsyn Oleg A.
Published: January 2022

The features of erythropoietin secretion in patients with a rheumatic pathology and anemia of the chronic diseases in comparison with patients having iron deficiency anemia, as well as the relationship between erythropoietin, hepcidin, proinflammatory, and antiinflammatory cytokines, have been investigated. 126 patients suffering from the rheumatic pathology were examined, including 34 men aged 3655 years and 92 women aged 3860 years. At the same time, 104 (82.5%) patients suffered from anemia, 22 (17.5%) patients did not have it. Patients suffering from anemia, depending on the leading pathogenetic factor, were divided into three groups such as: the 1st group patients suffering from anemia of chronic diseases; 2nd grouppatients suffering from a combination of anemia of chronic diseases and iron deficiency anemia; 3rd grouppatients suffering from iron deficiency anemia. In patients suffering from anemia of chronic diseases, the maximum concentration of interleukin-6, hepcidin, and the minimum concentration of erythropoietin were detected in comparison with the patients suffering from iron deficiency anemia and patients suffering from anemia of chronic diseases, and iron deficiency anemia (p 0.05). The maximum concentration of the erythropoietin has been established in patients suffering from iron deficiency anemia. About the concentrations of interleukin-10 and interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-, interferon-, no differences were found in the study groups. A direct correlation was found between the erythropoietin and erythrocytes (r = 0.57), hemoglobin (r = 0.41), hepcidin (r = 0.65). There was a strong negative correlation between the erythropoietin and interleukin-6 (r = 0.75), and a weak relationship with interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-10, and interleukin-1 (r 0.3). Thus, for patients with a rheumatic profile, a specific molecular profile should be identified, leading to the development of anemia of the chronic diseases, which consists in increased concentrations of hepcidin and interleukin-6 in combination with the insufficient secretion of erythropoietin. The found changes fit into the structure of the previously proposed working version of the classification of anemia of chronic diseases (with a predominant iron deficiency, with disturbances in the regulatory mechanisms of the erythropoiesis, with an insufficient production of erythropoietin). Isolation of the leading factor in the development of anemia of chronic diseases in the future will allow for a more optimal approach to its correction, including with the targeted therapy drugs.
The stimulating effects of exometabolites of microalgae chlorella vulgaris on the lactic acid bacteria bacillus coagulans
Authors: Markin Ilya V. , Zhurbin Evgeny A. , Potapov Pyotr K. , Shchelkanova Elena S. , Molodchenko Alexander N. , Stepanenko Nikita I.
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to determine the stimulating effect of exometabolites of microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris IPPAS C-2 indole compounds that are cultured on wastewater model solution. The purification process of a model wastewater solution with Chlorella Vulgaris microalgae obtained biomass of microalgae with a high lipid content (up to 50%), whereas the residual concentrations of pollutants in the solution were ammonium cations of 1.5 mg/l and phosphate anions of 3.5 mg/l. The residual concentration of microorganisms in the purified model sample of wastewater does not exceed 0.3 million CFU/ml. Growth factors of indole nature, which are external metabolites of microalgae, were also found in the solution. Purified effluents were used in the microbiological synthesis of lactic acid to confirm the stimulating effect of accumulated metabolites. The control sample was a nutrient medium based on malt germ extract. The glucose concentration in all samples is the same and is 140 g/l. A strain of lactic acid bacteria Bacillus coagulans B-10468 was used as a test culture. The highest concentration of lactic acid bacteria (100 million cells/ml) was observed in a sample containing microalgae metabolites. This concentration is 1.7 times higher than in the control sample. In the future, the growth rate of Bacillus coagulans cells slowed down since the concentration of lactic acid reached the limit values of 3050 g/l on the 3rd day, which contributed to the bacterial cell growth inhibition. The use of a growth stimulator based on treated wastewater by microalgae in the cultivation of bacteria of the species Bacillus coagulans B-10468 increases the specific rate of accumulation of bacterial biomass (0.27 day1), which is 26% more than in the control sample; increases the yield of lactic acid (120 g/l) by 25% compared with the traditional stimulant malt sprouts. The lactic acid production using growth stimulants from wastewater treatment with microalgae will reduce the cost of its production. The use of this technological solution will provide an opportunity to reduce the cost of polymer, polylactide, which is one of the main materials for additive technologies.
The oldest surgical departments of the Military Medical Academy history and continuity
Authors: Ovchinnikov Dmitrii V.
Published: January 2022

For a long time, the date of the Military Medical Academy foundation remains debatable, thus the origins of the first departments and earlier disciplines or professorships also have differences. This study analyzes the jubilee academic publications of 1898, 1998, and 2008 series of dissertations, reports on research works, and essays on the history of departments that were systematically and separately prepared in the 1890s, 1940s, and 1990s for the anniversaries of departments. The documents were studied based on the Complete Collection of laws of the Russian Empire, several archival documents, and records in the historical form of the Academy and literary sources. The origins of the formation and transformation of the oldest surgical departments are traced to the example of departments of general, faculty, hospital, and military field surgery. Over time, views on the history of departments have changed in publications of different years; however, the continuity passes or, conversely, does not pass from one department to another without clear reasons. Based on the analysis, the proposed view of the historiography of departments in the context of Academy continuity with hospital schools at the General St. Petersburg Land and Admiralty hospitals and the Main Medical School is considered justified. Thus, the oldest surgical department of the Academy may be the successor of the first professorial position of the surgical department of the Main Medical School that was established on 07.15.1786. The second oldest in the modern department was allocated on 01.29.1829 from the department of I.F. Bush in the form of a surgical clinic department. Created at the suggestion of N. I. Pirogov, the Department of Hospital Surgery was established by a personal decree of 03.11.1841 by N. N. Elansky, and then by I. M. Talman on 06.10.1937. A new surgical department was created, which was twice created anew in the whirlwind of reforms in 1930.
Dynamics of clinical features of schizoid personality disorder first diagnosed in military age
Authors: Grigoryeva Elena A. , Lisauskene Olga V. , Abritalin Evgeny Y. , Kolchev Alexander I.
Published: January 2022

The dynamics of the schizoid personality disorder of 45 conscripts recognized as unfit or partially fit for the military service was investigated. Anamnesis was studied, the severity of the mental disorders and the quality of social adaptation at the time of the call and over the next five years were assessed. Two types of the schizoid personality disorder have been identified: expansive and sensitive. For recruits with a predominance of the sensitive traits (32 (71.11%) people) were characterized by: formally intact intelligence, high level of education, isolation, disinterest in establishing, or maintaining close friendships, difficulties in the social interaction with strangers, avoidance of sexual contacts. Those surveyed with expansive character traits (13 (28.89%) people) were distinguished by a lower intellectual level, decisiveness, high capacity for work, egocentricity; relations with others were distinguished by the formality and an inability to empathize. Both groups were united by the features such as: social isolation, discomfort when communicating with people, inability to form emotional ties with others, underdeveloped empathy, detachment from the real goals, and turning to the sphere of inner experiences. Follow-up analysis in 5-year dynamics showed that the main psychopathological manifestations of the sensitive and expansive types (excessive sensitivity and asthenic affect, emotional coldness and stenic affect) are smoothed out, but they are complicated by the other additional symptoms (originality of hobbies, subjectivism of thinking, weakening of the activity of the mental processes, addictive manifestations) ... A distinct decrease in the level of general functioning in some patients may indicate a possible adverse pathomorphosis: schizoid personality disorder schizotypal personality disorder schizotypal disorder. The study indicates the feasibility of developing the therapeutic measures (pharmacological, psychocorrectional, social rehabilitation) in relation to the young patients suffering from schizoid personality disorder due to the further complication of the psychopathological picture, and the appearance of signs of an endogenous process in the several patients.
Robert Erskine — the first archiater and creator of military medicine and military medical education in Russia
Authors: Milasheva Natalia V. , Ovchinnikov Dmitrii V. , Samoilov Vladimir O.
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to analyze many archival published documents and contemporary testimonies at the beginning of the 18th century, which reflects little-known facts of medicine history. The creation history of military medicine in Saint Petersburg, an integral part of the military history of Russia, was presented against the background of the most important events of the Northern War against Sweden (17001721) and military reform. The role of Robert Erskine (16771718), the reformer of Russian medicine, the head of the entire military medical service of Russia since 1706, the first Russian archiater, Surgeon in Ordinary to the King, and loyal companion and friend of Peter I was carefully studied, as he played a crucial role in establishing military medicine and medical education in Russia, mainly in Saint Petersburg. R. Erskine, who had encyclopedic-level knowledge, was also the creator and head of the Kunstkamera, the first public natural science museum in Russia (1714). The report of the head of the Moscow hospital on Yauza, Doctor N.L. Bidloo, to the Holy Synod (1722) with description and analysis of the most important facts of the Russian medicine history was also studied. Detailed documents on the number of sick and wounded people in Saint Petersburg since 1708 were presented. Not only military hospitals but also medical students in the military capital of Russia before 1715, had been documented. The documentary lists of Navy doctors from Saint Petersburg and lists of medical students who stayed in Saint Petersburg at the Navy Hospital, with the indication of the salary by articles (categories) for 1710, as well as documents on the number of sick and wounded people of the ground forces for 1712 and 1713 (Russian State Archives of the Navy), were presented. The medical staff lists of the Russian army for 1711 were examined. The absence of a large specialized medical complex at Vyborg side and insufficient suitable hospitals of any medical units located in wooden barracks at other territories cannot be proof of the absence of any hospitals until 1715 or medical schools until 1733. Ignorance of the military history of Russia can lead to numerous mistakes by historians who are interested in military medicine.
Evaluation of vaccine "Sputnik V” immunogenicity and reactogenicity when it is used in military personnel
Authors: Zhogolev Sergey D. , Gorenchuk Alexey N. , Kuzin Alexander A. , Kulikov Pavel V. , Zhogolev Konstantin D. , Apchel Vasiliy Ya. , Sergeev Timofey S. , Lantsov Evgeny V. , Artebyakin Sergey V. , Zharkov Denis A.
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of a study of the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the vaccine Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V) when used in military personnel undergoing military service on conscription. From 300 military personnel consistently vaccinated with one and two components of Gam-COVID-Vac at the intervals of 21 days, blood serum was obtained and examined three times: before vaccination, and 30 and 60 days after the introduction of the first component of the vaccine. In the blood serums, the content of Class G antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 was determined by the method of solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. After immunization with the Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine, the average geometric titer of Class G antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 -in the blood serum of a military personnel obtained during the second and third examinations (5.02 log2 and 5.67 log2) increased by 2.4 and 2.7 times, respectively (p 0.05), compared to the same indicator before the vaccination (2.11 log2). Total of 30 days after the introduction of the first component of the vaccine (Nine days after the introduction of the second component of the vaccine), Class G antibodies to the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 were detected in the 86.7% of military personnel, and after 60 days in 92% of vaccinated. Studies have revealed moderate reactogenicity of the vaccine. Moreover, the proportion of postvaccination reactions in the first 35 days after the introduction of the second component of the vaccine was less after the introduction of the first component of the vaccine. So, if after the introduction of the first component of the vaccine, an increase in body temperature 37 C was observed in 20% of military personnel, then after the introduction of the second component only in 9%, and the share of local reactions decreased from 94%. There have been no cases of serious adverse events after immunization of military personnel with the Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine.
Experimental justification of directions for improving the methodological support of professional psychological selection of candidates for training in universities of the ministry of defense of the Russian Federation
Authors: Zelenina Natalya V. , Fedotkina Irina V. , Yusupov Vladislav V.
Published: January 2022

This experimental study aimed to determine the possibility to increase the effectiveness of predicting the success of training and military-professional adaptation by applicants to universities of the Russian Federation Ministry of Defense by including professional psychological selection, an indicator of previously unused psychological survey methods and complex visual-motor reaction. Therefore, we examined the cadets of the VVI courses and used the results of the same groups of cadets when they pass the professional psychological selection. Mathematical and statistical data processing was carried out by discriminant analysis. The long-term forecast of successful training according to the professional psychological selection indicators is ineffective, and 61.7% of cadets have high academic performance. The inclusion of complex visual-motor reaction indicators significantly increases the reliability of the long-term forecast of high academic performance to 85.7%, overcoming the critical threshold of 75%. Additionally, by the end of the training, 10%12% of cadets developed chronic stress-induced somatic diseases, such as circulatory system (I00I99 according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problem 10th revision) and digestive system diseases (K00K93), indicating imperfect military-professional adaptation and reducing the professional activity reliability. Adding the study of complex visual-motor reaction indicators and a method that evaluates the neurotic manifestations to the existing tests in the professional psychological selection procedure is necessary to predict the propensity to stress-induced somatic diseases. The indicators in the prediction models of academic performance and propensity to stress-induced somatic diseases are different, which reflects the significant difference in their biopsychosocial mechanisms. Placing a double filter in the decisive selection rule is necessary to identify people with a forecast of high academic performance and identify stress-resistant people who are not prone to stress-induced somatic diseases among them. Developing weighting coefficients of every test block is necessary to conclude; however, the existing approach is assumed to be equivalent, that is, at variance with the complex biopsychosocial mechanism of professional reliability.
Organization and practical seminars on histology and embryology in the remote format using the electronic educational environment of Military medical academy named after S.M. Kirov
Authors: Lobachev Ivan V. , Odintsova Irina A. , Rusakova Svetlana E.
Published: January 2022

Practical experience of the organization and training at the Department of Histology with a course of embryology in the Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg in a temporary remote format condition of training related to the pandemic due to a Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is provided. Therefore, educational activity was corrected and methodical work directions and the possibility of program technological support are specified. Necessary educational and reference information was in due time made to the cathedral section of the electronic educational environment of the Academy and multimedia textbooks and manuals are updated and expanded. Separate methodological features of remote classes in histology and embryology are characterized. Of which, one is studying the digitized histologic medicines on the educational presentations without microscopes. For digitization, the sites of medicines, which most reflected the features of the fabric structure of the body, cytovery tectonics details, and histologic structure of morphofunctional units, were chosen. Knowledge control of students was carried out by tests, education, research, and visualized histologic tasks. The problematic issues connected with the remote form of education of future medical officers are revealed. Of which, one is limited opportunities of the electronic educational environment based on the volume of the provided computer information. The role and the place of remote technologies in the educational activity of military medical higher education institutions are defined. The attention for remote format training in medical school is an additional internal classroom occupation that is paid and cannot be fully replaced.
The role of professor I.A. Sapov in the development of the department of physiology of diving and rescue affairs of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov
Authors: Zverev Dmitry P. , Bobrov Yuri M. , Myasnikov Alexey A. , Andrusenko Andrey A. , Shitov Arseny Yu.
Published: January 2022

Historical materials about the life and work of Ivan Akimovich Sapov, head of the Department of Physiology of Diving and Rescue Affairs of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov, Major General of the Medical Service, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Chief Physiologist of the Navy, Laureate of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics State Prize, Honorary Member of the Physiological Society named after I.M. Sechenov, Honorary Chairman of the Scientific Society of Barotherapists of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, Honorary Doctor of the Military Medical Academy, Honorary Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, and an outstanding scientist in the field of naval medicine. I.A. Sapov created a scientific school, of which the main areas of activity include the development of hyperbaric physiology and diving medicine, the physiology of labor of naval specialists and the habitability of ships of the Navy, methods of barotherapy, and medical support for emergency rescue operations at sea. The multifaceted activities of I.A. Sapov as Head of the Department of Physiology of Diving and Rescue of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov, improved the educational, methodological, and research work at the department in the interests of the Navy. The work that was conducted on the instructions of the Academy of Sciences and the Council of Ministers of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in planning and coordinating scientific research in the country on topical problems of hyperbaric physiology and diving medicine, the development and use of the World Ocean, the human adaptation to Antarctica, the medical support of ship trips, and the improvement of providing qualified medical assistance to diving personnel and seafarers both under normal conditions and during search and rescue operations at sea.
Monocytosis in patients with coronavirus pneumonia after treatment with glucocorticoids
Authors: Shperling Maxim I. , Kovalev Alexey V. , Sukachev Vitaliy S. , Vlasov Andrey A. , Polyakov Alexey S. , Noskov Yaroslav A. , Morozov Alexandr D. , Merzlyakov Victor S. , Zvyagintsev Dmitry P. , Kozlov Konstantin V. , Zhdanov Konstantin V.
Published: January 2022

Features of variation of peripheral blood leukocyte formula parameters in 86 patients with coronavirus pneumonia with leukocytosis with a background of glucocorticoid treatment were investigated. All patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was 22 individuals who showed clinical signs of the bacterial infection (purulent sputum cough in combination with neutrophilic leukocytosis at hospital the admission). The 2nd group was made up of 64 patients with the glucocorticoids developed against the background of treatment with glucocorticoids (dexamethasone 20 mg/day or prednisolone 150 mg/day, intravenously for 3 days) leukocytosis 10 109/l without signs of a bacterial infection. It was found that in patients of the 1st group compared to the 2nd group, levels of the white blood cells and neutrophils significantly (p 0.001) exceeded the reference values in the absence of a significant change in the number of monocytes. In patients of the 2nd group after a three-day intravenous application of the glucocorticoids on the 4th day of hospitalization, a statistically significant (p 0.001) increase in the number of neutrophils and monocytes was established. When comparing the quantitative parameters of the leukocyte formula between the 2nd group on the 4th day of the hospitalization and the 1st group at admission, there were no differences in the level of leukocytes and neutrophils. Number of monocytes in group 2 (1.11 (0.90; 1.34) 109/l), on the contrary, statistically significantly (p 0.001) exceeded their level in the 1st group (0.59 (0.50; 0.77) 109/l). Thus, an indicator of the number of monocytes in the peripheral blood could be a promising differential diagnostic criterion for the genesis of the leukocytosis in patients with the COVID-19. This parameter may be one of the factors influencing the decision to prescribe the antibacterial therapy.
Surgical treatment strategy in patients suffering from post-traumatic coccygodynia
Authors: Khominets Vladimir V. , Nagorny Evgeniy B. , Nadulich Konstantin A. , Teremshonok Andrey V. , Kudyashev Alexey L. , Strelba Alexander A.
Published: January 2022

Clinical effectiveness of coccus removal in post-traumatic coccigodinia is evaluated. The study included 34 patients with diagnosed post-traumatic coccigodinia who underwent surgical treatment in resection or coccyx removal volume. A long history of trauma-related pain syndrome and ineffective conservative treatment were noted in all patients. The exclusion criteria were: inflammatory or oncological process, chronic urogenital diseases, previously undergoing operations on the lumbosacral spine, complicated by the course of the hernia of the intervertebral disc with root syndrome and neurological disorders. Before the operation, patients underwent manual examination, radiography (in direct and lateral projections) and computed tomography of the sacrum and coccyx, examination of the gynecologist (for women) and urologist (for men), examination of the proctologist, according to the indications magnetic resonance imaging of the spine in order to exclude hernia of the intervertebral disc with neural compression and dermoid cysts of the copcystic. Evaluation of treatment results was performed using a visual analogue pain scale and a verbal 5-point operation satisfaction scale. The observation period was from 1 year to 4 years. Cupping of pain syndrome after surgery was noted in 28 (82.4%) cases, in 6 (17.6%) patients there was a decrease in the intensity of pain syndrome with discomfort only after a prolonged sitting position. 5 (14.7%) patients were "satisfied" with surgery, 28 (82.4%) patients were "completely satisfied", in one (2.9%) case there was "doubtful satisfaction" with surgery. Thus, surgical treatment of coccigodinia in the volume of partial or complete coccyx removal is indicated in cases of ineffectiveness of conservative treatment in its post-traumatic instability. Surgical intervention leads to the cessation of pain syndrome and allows patients to return to their previous physical activity.
The effectiveness of the approximation of specialized medical care to the sanitary losses zone using the multidisciplinary surgical reinforcement groups
Authors: Ovcharenko Aleksander P. , Lemeshkin Roman N. , Rusev Ilya T. , Severin Viktor V. , Prokin Igor G. , Tolstosheev Valeriy N.
Published: January 2022

The analysis of the organization and results of specialized surgical care in peacetime and wartime is presented. It is demonstrated that in order to comply with the principle of bringing medical care closer to the zone of emergency situations and/or combat operations, it is important to recruit military medical staff as multidisciplinary specialized surgical groups of medical reinforcement. By the forces and means of such a group, the conversion of medical institutions located closely to the centers of sanitary losses is carried out, followed by the reception of victims and the provision of emergency specialized (including high-tech) medical care of the surgical profile. The analysis of the reinforcement of the stages of medical evacuation for the provision of specialized (including high-tech) medical care of the surgery profile was carried out. During providing medical care to the injured and wounded in the North Caucasian armed conflict in the second half of the 20th early 21st centuries, the best results were achieved by deploying multidisciplinary military hospitals of the 1st echelon on the basis of garrison located near the area of military operations. The 1st echelon hospitals were reinforced by multidisciplinary medical reinforcement groups from military medical organizations of central subordination. Specialized (including high-tech) surgical medical care provided in multidisciplinary hospitals of the first echelon included general surgical procedures (35.4%), operations on the chest and abdominal cavity (19.8%), interventions performed by narrow specialists (otorhinolaryngological, maxillofacial, ophthalmological, urological) 17.7%, trauma operations (17.0%), interventions on arterial and venous vessels (8.2%), as well as on the brain (2.4%). During the evaluation of the experience of the medical reinforcement groups, their medical and statistical indicators are presented and proposals are made to change their staffing structures, taking into account the spectrum of damaging factors and the range of lesions in the event of natural and man-made emergencies, as well as during modern wars and armed conflicts.
The potential of micronutrient support with omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the prevention of human reproductive disorders
Authors: Zhernakova Tatyana S. , Bespalova Olesya N.
Published: January 2022

Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids are among the nutrients essential for the vital functions of the human body. Fundamental cellular functions of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids affect both physical and reproductive health. Based on the principles of personalized medicine, early detection of polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency is necessary for its prompt correction and prevention of further diseases. We present a literature review on the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on female and male fertility. The brief information on biochemical aspects, current data on diagnosis, and possible methods for correction of polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency are described in this article.
Application of enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery. A review
Authors: Ryazanova Oksana V. , Shifman Efim M. , Olina Anna A. , Alexandrovich Yury S. , Medzhidova Dzhaminat R. , Ezhova Veronika O. , Kogan Igor Yu.
Published: January 2022

Caesarean section is the most common surgical intervention over the world, so the development of the enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery is turning out to be a vital problem. The practical application of the enhanced recovery after cesarean requires multidisciplinary collaboration and well-coordinated teamwork of an anesthesiologist, an obstetrician-gynecologist, nursing staff and other specialists. In this review, we have studied recent domestic and foreign articles dedicated to the enhanced recovery after cesarean. Particular attention was paid to the case management at all stages of the perioperative period, especially preoperative preparation, postoperative care and womens awareness raising. The presented studies included such program criteria as avoidance of prolonged preoperative fasting accompanied by early postoperative feeding, early breastfeeding attachment of the newborn, the use of multimodal analgesia in the postoperative period, the early activation of the postoperative patient, and the minimization of the detention period of hospital stay. The reviewed articles indicated the positive impact of this program on maternal and newborn outcomes and demonstrated the need for detailed further study of several issues and standardization of the enhanced recovery after cesarean methods.
Intestinal dysbiosis during pregnancy: the norm or pathology?
Authors: Bezmenko Alexandr A. , Sadovaya Natalya D.
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: An interest in the study of intestinal microflora has grown among scientists in recent years. This is due to the active development of molecular genetic techniques. The obvious importance of gut microbiota for pregnancy has been established in some scientific works; however, the number of studies devoted to this issue is small.
AIM: This study was aimed to assess the qualitative and quantitative composition of the intestinal microflora in pregnant women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 200 women aged 18 to 43 years in pregnancy from six to 22 weeks. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the intestinal and vaginal microbiota was performed by real-time PCR.
RESULTS: Intestinal dysbacteriosis was detected in 100% of the examined pregnant women. Grade I was detected in 64.5% (n = 129), grade II in 26.5% (n = 53), and grade III in 9% (n = 18) of cases. A decrease in the concentrations of resident bacteria was noted in all pregnant women; in addition, in women with moderate and severe dysbacteriosis, opportunistic microorganisms (Clostridium difficile, Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., and Campylobacter spp.) were detected in quantities exceeding the formally permissible values. The analysis of the course of pregnancies showed that grade I and grade II intestinal dysbacteriosis is a risk factor for early pregnancy complications (OR = 0.2, p = 0.00), thus confirming the role of intestinal microbiocenosis in miscarriage.
CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy is a predisposing factor for changes in the intestinal microflora, as evidenced by the detection of intestinal dysbiosis in 100% of pregnant women in the main and control study groups. Considering that the majority of women with a normal pregnancy were diagnosed with grade I intestinal dysbiosis, it can be assumed that this degree of dysbiosis is the norm of pregnancy. Thus, the identification of moderate or severe intestinal dysbiosis should be associated with complications of early pregnancy.
Biochemical factors of hypoxia and their role in assessing the functional state of the fetus
Authors: Rozhdestvenskaya Olga V. , Kokaya Anna A. , Bezhenar Vitaly F.
Published: January 2022

The constant frequent incidents of fetal hypoxia during pregnancy and childbirth remain the leading unsolved problem in modern practical obstetrics. In some cases, the onset of a pathological process can be diagnosed earlier due to the on-time monitoring of functional disorders of the fetus. However, the existing diagnostic methods do not show the compensatory and adaptive capabilities of the fetus; do not lead to an in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology of this condition and do not contribute to the implementation of evidence-based therapy. This review summarizes current knowledge about the diagnosis of functional disorders of the fetus and discusses possible ways of assessing adaptive mechanisms in response to stress during pregnancy and childbirth. The article shows the development of biochemical methods for diagnosing functional disorders of the fetus. The putative biochemical markers for assessing the compensatory capabilities of the fetus during pregnancy and childbirth are presented.
Stress in pregnant women and childbirth amid the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Blokh Maria E. , Anikina Varvara O. , Savenysheva Svetlana S.
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: During the pandemic pregnant women experience a wide range of negative feelings that can have short- and long-term impact on both the woman and her child.
AIM: The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of stress associated with the coronavirus pandemic on the emotional state of pregnant women and their childbirth.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Impact of Events Scale-Revised, telephone interview about delivery process and outcome, socio-demographic data. Research is done online, data is being gathered.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Majority of women experience high (36%) and moderate (48%) anxiety. Changes in the national healthcare system, the financial situation in the family and the political situation in this country are having a greater negative impact on pregnant women than their fear for the childs and their own health. Remote preparation, refusal of their partners delivery, forced change of plans for childbirth have become significant factors for a negative assessment of labor and delivery. 69% evaluate delivery process as difficult, 42% report on obstetric aggression.
Comprehensive assessment of risk factors as a method for predicting prelabour rupture of membranes
Authors: Mudrov Viktor A. , Yakimova Anna V.
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Prelabour rupture of the membranes (PROM) is a common obstetric pathology, the incidence of which reaches 20%. There is evidence that PROM is the main risk factor not only for abnormal labor, but also for postpartum hypotonic bleeding. Meanwhile, the etiology and pathogenesis of this complication have not been finally determined until now.
AIM: The aim of this study was to create a model that allows for predicting PROM, based on a comprehensive assessment of risk factors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on the data collected in the Regional Clinical Hospital Perinatal Center, Chita, Russia in 2018-2021, the prospective analysis of 213 cases of labor was carried out. The total sample was divided into two study groups: group 1 included 142 cases of labor with timely rupture of membranes; group 2 included 71 cases of labor, complicated by PROM. The groups were comparable in terms of nationality, age, material and social living conditions of women, frequency of genital pathology, gestational age and gender distribution of newborns. On the eve of labor (1-2 days), all patients underwent a general clinical examination and clarification of the anamnesis. Ultrasound examination was carried out both the day before and during labor in order to clarify fetal position. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25.0 program.
RESULTS: Risk factors for PROM are: the presence of posterior view of the occipital presentation (RR = 2.67 (95 % CI 1.13-6.31), p = 0.02) and varicose veins (RR = 3.2 (95 % CI 1.09-9.43), p = 0.04), distantia cristarum more than 28.5 cm (RR = 1.99 (95 % CI 1.12-3.54), p = 0.02), distantia trochanterica more than 30.5 cm (RR = 2.15 (95 % CI 1.09-4.23), p = 0.03), and conjugata externa more than 20.5 cm (RR = 1.84 (95 % CI 1.01-3.37), p = 0.046). Oligohydroamnion is a protective factor in relation to PROM (RR = 0.31 (95 % CI 0.11-0.85), p = 0.02). This predictive model, which takes into account such factors as the type of fetal head presentation, the presence of oligohydramnios and varicose veins, and the size of distantia cristarum, allows for predicting PROM with much effect.
CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive assessment of risk factors, despite its simplicity and availability, allows for predicting the timeliness of rupture of the membranes with an accuracy of 71.0%. Application of the developed model makes it possible to identify a risk group subject to preventive preinduction, which in the future will help to reduce the frequency of abnormal labor and associated complications.
Expression of the anti-Müllerian hormone receptor (AMHR2) in the endometrium of patients with uterine anomalies
Authors: Kazantseva Ekaterina V. , Tolibova Gulrukhsor Kh. , Tral Tatyana G. , Kogan Igor Yu.
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Uterine anomalies are a cause of female reproductive failure. Originally, malformations of the Mllerian ducts are believed to be the main reason for uterus abnormalities. There is an assumption that anti-Mllerian hormone (AMH) or AMH receptor (AMHR2) gene mutation may lead to alterations in the formation of the Mllerian ducts in female fetuses resulting in uterine anomalies.
AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the AMHR2 expression in the endometrium of patients with uterine anomalies and a history of reproductive failure.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study included 112 women, of whom 92 patients were diagnosed with uterine anomalies (main groups): arcuate uterus (n = 30), septated uterus (n = 30), bicornuate uterus (n = 12), unicornuate uterus (n = 10), didelphys uterus (n = 10); and 20 patients had normal uterine anatomy (control group), with the secretory phase (n = 10) and the proliferative phase (n = 10) of menstrual cycle evaluated. Histological and immunohistochemical studies of the endometrium were carried out according to the standard technique with an assessment of AMHR2 marker expression in the biopsy samples.
RESULTS: The AMHR2 area expression in the endometrial stroma was significantly lower in patients with septated uterus compared to those with arcuate uterus (р 0.001). The same tendency was noted when compared to other uterine anomalies and healthy controls. AMHR2 expression in the endometrial stroma of patients with arcuate uterus was significantly higher compared to unicornuate uterus (p 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained suggest that morphofunctional characteristics of the endometrium in patients with uterine anomalies have no specific pathognomonic features. The decline in AMHR2 expression in the endometrial stroma seems to be related to chronic endometritis, as an inverse correlation exists between the AMHR2 area expression and chronic endometritis, compromising pregnancy occurrence.
Facilitators and Barriers to HIV Testing, Prevention, and Treatment among Asian and Pacific Islander Americans: A Systematic Exploration
Authors: Sabato Todd
Published: January 2022

Asian American Pacific Islanders (AAPI) are the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States. Despite such growth, AAPI face considerable challenges to HIV prevention, treatment, testing and care. The development of multilevel and multi-strategy approaches to education, prevention, and treatment requires an understanding of personal and cultural barriers, as well as implementation of culturally sensitive and specific measures. The purpose of this article is to highlight barriers to HIV-related prevention, treatment, and care for AAPI and provide practical, application-based suggestions which may facilitate greater inclusion of AAPI in the continuum of HIV care.
Return To Dance Following Arthroscopic Knee Surgeries: What Are The Differences Between Return To Sport and Return To Dance.
Authors: Aksu Neslihan , Duymaz Tomris , Atansay Vefa , Akgönül Büşra , Kara Ayhan , Hamzaoğlu Azmi
Published: January 2022

Background: Due to risks of reinjury and osteoarthritis, the timing of return to sports after surgery is important. Although there are numerous studies on the return to sports (RTS) criteria in athletes who have undergone knee surgery, there are no studies on the return to dance (RTD) criteria after knee surgery in dancers. In this retrospective clinical study, we investigated the rates of osteoarthritis and reinjury after arthroscopic knee surgery and the criteria for RTD. Materials and Methods: In a professional dance group consisting of 84 members (mean age: 29.8 ± 9.2 range: 18 to 49 years), during an 11 year period (between January 2009 and January 2020), 14 dancers (mean age 29.1±5.7 (20-38) years) sustained knee injuries (3 meniscus tears, 4 Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tears, 1 Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL), 1 patellar dislocation, 1 infrapatellar bursitis, 2 Hoffa’s fat pad syndromes, 2 symptomatic medial plicas) that required arthroscopic surgery. The RTD times after surgery, follow up lenghts, clinical and functional tests used for deciding on RTD were recorded. Result: The postoperative follow up period was 56.7± 23 (26-108) months. The rate of reinjury was 7.14% after knee surgery. All dancers who underwent knee surgery were evaluated for osteoarthritis according to the Kellgren Lawrence classification, and the ostearthridites were classified as G:0 in 7 patients, G:1 in 3 patients, and G:2 in 4 patients on final knee radiographs. Conclusion : In dancers who have undergone arthroscopic surgery, the return to dance criteria should assess painless repeated turnout after meniscus repair, and also safe landing and postural contol after ACL reconstruction or PCL reconstruction.