bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Neutron Diffraction Investigation of Residual Stresses in Rail Ends after Severe Deformation of Rail Surfaces
Authors: Rathod Chandrahas , Wexler David , Luzin Vladimir , Boyd Paul , Dhanasekar Manicka
Published: February 2014

Insulated rail joints (IRJs) are a primary component of the rail track safety and signalling systems. Rails are supported by two fishplates which are fastened by bolts and nuts and, with the support of sleepers and track ballast, form an integrated assembly. IRJ failure can result from progressive defects, the propagation of which is influenced by residual stresses in the rail. Residual stresses change significantly during service due to the complex deformation and damage effects associated with wheel rolling, sliding and impact. IRJ failures can occur when metal flows over the insulated rail gap (typically 6-8 mm width), breaks the electrically isolated section of track and results in malfunction of the track signalling system. In this investigation, residual stress measurements were obtained from rail-ends which had undergone controlled amounts of surface plastic deformation using a full scale wheel-on-track simulation test rig. Results were compared with those obtained from similar investigations performed on rail ends associated with ex-service IRJs. Residual stresses were measured by neutron diffraction at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO). Measurements with constant gauge volume 3x3x3 mm3 were carried in the central vertical plane on 5mm thick sliced rail samples cut by an electric discharge machine (EDM). Stress evolution at the rail ends was found to exhibit characteristics similar to those of the ex-service rails, with a compressive zone of 5mm deep that is counterbalanced by a tension zone beneath, extending to a depth of around 15mm. However, in contrast to the ex-service rails, the type of stress distribution in the test-rig deformed samples was apparently different due to the localization of load under the particular test conditions. In the latter, in contrast with clear stress evolution, there was no obvious evolution of d0. Since d0 reflects rather long-term accumulation of crystal lattice damage and microstructural changes due to service load, the loading history of the test rig samples has not reached the same level as the ex-service rails. It is concluded that the wheel-on-rail simulation rig provides the potential capability for testing the wheel-rail rolling contact conditions in rails, rail ends and insulated rail joints.
Synchrotron Diffraction Studies on the Transformation Strain in a High Strength Quenched and Tempered Structural Steel
Authors: Dutta R.K. , Huizenga R.M. , Amirthalingam M. , Gao H. , King A. , Hermans M.J.M. , Richardson I.M.
Published: February 2014

In-situ phase transformation behaviour of a high strength (830 MPa yield stress) quenched and tempered S690QL1 (Fe-0.16C-0.2Si-0.87Mn-0.33Cr-0.21Mo (wt. %)) structural steel, during continuous cooling under different mechanical loading conditions to promote the bainitic transformation, was studied. Time-temperature-load resolved 2D synchrotron diffraction patterns were recorded and used to calculate the transformation strains. The temperature dependent elastic constants of ferrite in the steel were also determined using \textit{in-situ} tensile tests at different temperatures in a synchrotron X-ray diffractometer. The transformation strains were calculated under different loading conditions.The elastic constants were calculated from the lattice parameters at 25 °C, 200 °C, 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C. The elastic constants varied from 202 GPa at 25 °C to 143 GPa at 600 °C. The variation in lattice plane strains during phase transformation under small external loads were calculated. Bulk measurement techniques such as dilatation experiments give the averaged transformation strains. However, in-situ synchrotron measurements performed in this work describe the transformation strains of the individual transforming phases and the strains arising due to possible variant selection.
Measurement of Residual Stresses in Aluminothermic Rail Welds Using Neutron Diffraction Technique
Authors: Khodabakhshi Bahar , Paradowska Anna M. , Ibrahim Raafat , Mutton Peter J.
Published: February 2014

It is understood that residual stresses in aluminothermic rail welds play an important role in the fatigue behaviour of the welds. Measuring the residual stresses in the critical areas and finding the correlation between these stresses and welding parameters can be useful in order to alter the welding procedure and improve the fatigue performance of these welds. In this paper, residual stresses in the foot of the rail weld were measured using neutron diffraction and the preliminary results are presented.
Thermal-Effect Study on a Carbon-Carbon Composite Using Synchrotron X-Ray Measurements & Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Huang E Wen , Chang Chung Kai , Lee Wen Jay , Lee Soo Yeol , Qiao Jun Wei , Chen Chung Hao
Published: February 2014

Carbon-carbon composites are deemed as candidate materials for application in very high temperature reactors. In a very high temperature reactor, carbon-carbon composite materials would experience severe environmental impacts from high temperatures. As a result, we applied non-destructive ex-situ diffraction experiments to investigate the microstructure changes of the carbon-carbon composite materials experiencing different temperatures. In this study, the samples were prepared in a format of a three-dimensional pitch-based carbon-carbon composite. The samples were heated to 500 (°C), 700 (°C), and 900 (°C) for 2 minutes, respectively. In order to understand the temperature effect on carbon-carbon composite, we facilitated the high penetration of the synchrotron X-ray diffraction at National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center to examine the evolution of microstructures subjected to heat treatment. The results show that the lattice parameters of a-axis and c-axis evolve upon heating. The molecular dynamics simulation results suggest that the early-stage rearrangement is originated from the release of the defects.
Measurement of Forming Stresses in Plain Spherical Bearings Using Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Woodhead Johnpaul , Booker Julian D. , Truman Christopher E. , Davydov Vadim
Published: February 2014

Nosing is a cold metal-forming process used in the manufacture of plain spherical bearings. This process ensures the outer bearing race conforms to the shape of the inner race (a ball), with a composite liner in-between to provide a low frictional moment. These bearings must be precision engineered due to the large forces and demanding environments they operate within in service. The manufacture of these bearings and related process settings is very much an experiential route, although increasingly Finite Element simulations are used to predict and characterise complex material behaviour. It is imperative the numerical nosing models are validated against experimental measurements due to uncertainties in material properties, process variables and part manufacture variations. In this paper, neutron diffraction is used to determine the residual stresses in a large nosed bearing. Measurements were made on the POLDI instrument at PSI, Switzerland. This paper compares the predicted stresses with measurement results, and draws conclusions concerning the validity and usability of the models.
Neutron Texture Diffractometer at China Advanced Research Reactor
Authors: Li Mei Juan , Liu Yun Tao , Liu Xiao Long , Tian Geng Fang , Chen Dong Feng
Published: February 2014

Neutron Texture Diffractometer at CARR is the first neutron instrument for texture measurement in China. It was built through modifying a Four-Circle Diffractometer relocated from Juelich Center for Neutron Science and equipping with some necessary new components. Currently, the adjustment and calibration with neutrons for this instrument has been finished. The detailed characteristics of this instrument are described and the preliminary results of quantitative texture analysis for a warm-rolled Zircaloy-4 plate are presented. The results show good quality and small statistical errors.
Residual Strains in ITER Conductors by Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Harjo Stefanus , Hemmi Tsutomu , Abe Jun , Gong Wu , Nunoya Yoshihiko , Aizawa Kazuya , Ito Takayoshi , Koizumi Norikiyo , Machiya Shutaro , Osamura Kozo
Published: February 2014

Measurements of internal strains in the superconducting constituent (Nb3Sn phase in Nb3Sn strand) in two cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC) for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor were performed using an engineering materials diffractometer TAKUMI of J-PARC. From strain measurements in a CICC for the toroidal field magnet after a performance test of cyclic current, in 100 mm long cut bars, a peak broadening and a large relaxation on residual strain were observed in Nb3Sn phase at a portion received a high magnetic field (high field zone). Internal strain measurements were also conducted in a CICC for the central solenoidal magnets after the similar performance test, in the full-size shape as used in the performance test (3.6 m long) and in 100 mm long cut bars. Three main results were obtained. (1) Residual strain difference before and after the cutting to 100 mm long bar was about 0.1%, (2) a large relaxation on residual thermal strain was observed at the high field zone, and (3) the large relaxation on residual thermal strain at the high field zone was found mainly in a cross sectional side where the Lorentz force coming in.
TSG-6 Inhibits Neutrophil Migration via Direct Interaction with the Chemokine CXCL8
Authors: Dyer Douglas P. , Thomson Jennifer M. , Hermant Aurelie , Jowitt Thomas A. , Handel Tracy M. , Proudfoot Amanda E. I. , Day Anthony J. , Milner Caroline M.
Published: February 2014

TNF-stimulated gene/protein-6 (TSG-6) is expressed by many different cell types in response to proinflammatory cytokines and plays an important role in the protection of tissues from the damaging consequences of acute inflammation. Recently, TSG-6 was identified as being largely responsible for the beneficial effects of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells, for example in the treatment of animal models of myocardial infarction and corneal injury/allogenic transplant. The protective effect of TSG-6 is due in part to its inhibition of neutrophil migration, but the mechanisms underlying this activity remain unknown. In this study, we have shown that TSG-6 inhibits chemokine-stimulated transendothelial migration of neutrophils via a direct interaction (KD, ∼25 nM) between TSG-6 and the glycosaminoglycan binding site of CXCL8, which antagonizes the association of CXCL8 with heparin. Furthermore, we found that TSG-6 impairs the binding of CXCL8 to cell surface glycosaminoglycans and the transport of CXCL8 across an endothelial cell monolayer. In vivo this could limit the formation of haptotactic gradients on endothelial heparan sulfate proteoglycans and, hence, integrin-mediated tight adhesion and migration. We further observed that TSG-6 suppresses CXCL8-mediated chemotaxis of neutrophils; this lower potency effect might be important at sites where there is high local expression of TSG-6. Thus, we have identified TSG-6 as a CXCL8-binding protein, making it, to our knowledge, the first soluble mammalian chemokine-binding protein to be described to date. We have also revealed a potential mechanism whereby TSG-6 mediates its anti-inflammatory and protective effects. This could inform the development of new treatments for inflammation in the context of disease or following transplantation.
RapidMic: Rapid Computation of the Maximal Information Coefficient
Authors: Tang Dongming , Wang Mingwen , Zheng Weifan , Wang Hongjun
Published: February 2014

To discover relationships and associations rapidly in large-scale datasets, we propose a cross-platform tool for the rapid computation of the maximal information coefficient based on parallel computing methods. Through parallel processing, the provided tool can effectively analyze large-scale biological datasets with a markedly reduced computing time. The experimental results show that the proposed tool is notably fast, and is able to perform an all-pairs analysis of a large biological dataset using a normal computer. The source code and guidelines can be downloaded from https://github.com/HelloWorldCN/RapidMic .
Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma as a Potentially Important Stroke Mimic
Authors: Akimoto Tetsu , Yamada Takeshi , Shinoda Soji , Asano Yasushi , Nagata Daisuke
Published: February 2014

Hemiparesis develops in response to a wide range of neurological disorders, such as stroke, neoplasms and several inflammatory processes. Occasionally, it may also occur due to a lesion located in the high cervical spinal cord. In this concise review, we describe the features of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma, which should be included in the large list of stroke mimics. Various concerns regarding the diagnostic and therapeutic conundrums relating to the condition are also discussed.
Ocean reflectance spectra at the red, near‐infrared, and shortwave infrared from highly turbid waters: A study in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea
Authors: Shi Wei , Wang Menghua
Published: February 2014

Normalized water‐leaving radiance spectra nLw(λ) at the red, near‐infrared (NIR), and shortwave infrared (SWIR) are quantified and characterized in highly turbid waters of the western Pacific using 3 yr (2009–2011) observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer on the satellite Aqua. nLw(645; red), nLw(859; NIR), and nLw(1240; SWIR) were higher in the coastal region and river estuaries, with SWIR nLw(1240) reaching up to ∼ 0.2 mW cm−2 µm−1 sr−1 in Hangzhou Bay during winter. The NIR ocean‐reflectance spectral shape represented by the ratio of the normalized water‐leaving reflectance ρwN(λ) at the two NIR bands ρwN(748) : ρwN(869) is highly dynamic and region‐dependent. The NIR spectral feature associated with the sediment source from the Yellow River and Ancient Yellow River is noticeably different from that of the Yangtze River. There are non‐negligible SWIR nLw(1240) contributions for waters with the NIR nLw(859) > ∼ 2.5 mW cm−2 µm−1 sr−1. Estimation of the NIR ocean reflectance with iterative approaches might only be accurate for turbid waters with nLw(859) < ∼ 1.5 mW cm−2 µm−1 sr−1. Thus, the SWIR atmospherics correction algorithm for satellite ocean‐color data processing is indispensable to derive accurate nLw(λ) for highly turbid waters. Current existing satellite algorithms for chlorophyll a, diffuse attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490 nm (Kd(490)), total suspended matter, and inherent optical properties (IOPs) using nLw(λ) at the red band for coastal waters are limited and can only be applied to turbid waters with nLw(859) < ∼ 1.5 mW cm−2 µm−1 sr−1. Thus, the NIR nLw(λ) measurements are required to characterize water properties for highly turbid waters. Based on the fact that pure water absorption is significantly larger than other absorption components in the NIR wavelengths, we show that it is feasible to analytically derive accurate IOP data for turbid waters with combined satellite‐measured visible‐NIR nLw(λ) spectra data.
Comparative Evaluation of Self-etching Primers and Phosphoric Acid Effectiveness on Composite to Enamel Bond: An in vitro Study
Authors: Kumar G Vinay , Patil Basanagouda S , Rao BK Raghavendra , Sharathchandra SM , Hegde Reshma
Published: February 2014

Aim

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of the one total-etch self-priming adhesive, one two-step self-etching primer adhesive, and one ‘all-in-one’ selfetching adhesive system on the adhesion of a resin composite to enamel.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six freshly extracted human mandibular molars were selected for this study. A flat area about 5 mm in diameter was created on the exposed mesial surface of enamel of each tooth by moist grinding with 320, 420 and 600 grit silicon carbide paper. Twelve teeth were randomly assigned into three groups. In group 1, Adper Easy One (3M ESPE), a one step self-etching primer adhesive was applied and light curing unit for 10 seconds. In group 2, Adper SE Plus, a twostep self-etching primer with bottle A containing the aqueous primer and bottle B containing the acidic adhesive was applied and light cured for 10 seconds. Group 3 (control)—etchant 37% phosphoric acid is applied to the surface for 15 seconds and rinsed with water and air dried and adhesive (single bond 2) is applied to the surface and tube is placed and light cured for 20 seconds. Composite material (Z350) was placed in the tube and light cured for 40 seconds in all the groups.

Bond strength testing was done using universal testing machine at the enamel-composite interface. The debonded enamel surface was evaluated in stereomicroscope to assess the cohesive, adhesive or mixed fracture. Data was statistically analyzed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results

Group 1 performed least among all groups with a mean score of 19.46 MPa. Group 2 had a mean score of 25.67 MPa. Group 3 had a mean score of 27.16 MPa.

Conclusion

Under the conditions of this in vitro study, the bond strength values of the two-step self-etching primer systems tested were similar to the total-etch. And, one step self-etching primers have lower bond strength compared to the total-etch.

How to cite this article

Patil BS, Rao BKR, Sharathchandra SM, Hegde R, Kumar GV. Comparative Evaluation of Selfetching Primers and Phosphoric Acid Effectiveness on Composite to Enamel Bond: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):790-795.
Comparison of the Serum Immunoglobulin IgM Level in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients with Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Srinivasa TS , Kulshrestha Reena , Kranthi J , Sudhakar KNV , Raju PV Krishnam , Razdan Ankur
Published: February 2014

Aim

To evaluate and compare the serum IgM level in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with chronic periodontitis.

Materials and methods

A total of 60 patients were selected for the study and divided into four groups, diabetic with periodontitis, diabetic without periodontitis, nondiabetic with periodontitis and nondiabetic without periodontitis (control) were analyzed for the quantitative estimation of serum immunoglobulins M by turbidimetric immunoassay. The serum of the diabetic and nondiabetic patients was evaluated and turbidimetric method was used for immunological assay by using Quantia IgM turbidimetric immunoassay for estimation of immunoglobulin IgM in human serum. The data for the level of immunoglobulin thus obtained were compared with clinically healthy patient taken as control. Sugar level was estimated the by checking the random blood sugar level by glucose test kit based on end point and kinetic assay and compared with the HbA1c percentage of the patients, by using NycoCard Reader.

Result

The group A patients having diabetes with periodontitis showed nonsignificant increase in serum IgM level as compared to controls and other groups. Group B showed significance of p = 0.074. Group C showed significance of p = 0.982 and group D showed significance of p = 0.520. There was significant increase in HbA1c with an increase percentage serum IgM.

Conclusion

In the present study, significantly high concentrations of the IgM in serum of diabetic and nondiabetic patients were found as compared to the healthy subjects who had neither diabetes nor periodontitis.

Clinical significance

By this study, we can emphasize on the fact of the importance of the immune system and its correlation with glycemic control, especially in patients diagnosed with periodontitis, also suggests that the alteration in immune response in poorly controlled diabetic patients may contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontitis and is the cause of increased incidence of periodontitis in patients with diabetes.

How to cite this article

Kranthi J, Sudhakar KNV, Kulshrestha R, Raju PVK, Razdan A, Srinivasa TS. Comparison of the Serum Immunoglobulin IgM Level in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients with Chronic Periodontitis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):814-818.
Comparative Evaluation of Shear Compressive Bond Strength between Cross-linked Acrylic Resin Denture Base and Cross-linked Acrylic Resin Teeth with Different Modifications of Their Ridge Lap Surfaces
Authors: Rane Prasad , Sadar Leena , Dhume Swaroop , Maniar Neena , Patil Jeevan Prakash , Gandhewar Mahesh
Published: February 2014

A major problem commonly observed in denture wearer is the detachment of artificial tooth/teeth from acrylic denture base. The problem was grave when porcelain teeth used along with the then available denture base materials. The bond formed was purely mechanical and hence debonding of teeth from denture base was a frequent occurrence.

Inspite of chemical union between acrylic resin teeth and acrylic denture base material, detachment of teeth particularly anterior teeth is a frequent observation.

The objective of the study is to study the effect of change in the surface treatment and surface configuration of ridge lap surface of the teeth on retention of cross-linked acrylic teeth on crosslinked acrylic resin denture base. Sixty specimens were tested for the shear compressive bond strength using instron universal testing machine in KN. Statistical analysis is used. The findings were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and ‘t’ test. Slight modification in the ridge lap surface of artificial teeth alters the strength of the shear compressive bond. Sand papering of ridge lap surfaces improves the shear compressive bond then the one without any modification. Maximum shear compressive bond strength can be increased by application of monomer

How to cite this article

Sadar L, Dhume S, Maniar N, Patil JP, Rane P, Gandhewar M. Comparative Evaluation of Shear Compressive Bond Strength between Cross-linked Acrylic Resin Denture Base and Cross-linked Acrylic Resin Teeth with Different Modifications of Their Ridge Lap Surfaces. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):898-903.
Evaluation of Malocclusion in MPDS
Authors: Naresh V , Varma KVV Pratap , Reddy Raja Bhaskar , Reddy S Nanda Kishore , Rao Sita Rama , Neela Praveen Kumar
Published: February 2014

Introduction

Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) is a disorder which is characterized by facial pain and limited mandibular function because of the complex nature of this disease. Malocclusion was never evaluated in MPDS patients to know its role. Electromyographic silent period durations of masseter were used for objective assessment of MPDS patients.

Aim

To evaluation of role of malocclusion in MPDS patients and also to study the EMG masseteric silent period pattern in MPDS patients in different malocclusions.

Materials and methods

Two groups, groups I and II of 75 subjects each, were included in this study. Groups I and II constituted the normal subjects and MPDS patients respectively. All these subjects in both the groups were again subdivided based on Angle's class I, II and III malocclusion. Electromyographic (EMG) silent period of masseteric muscle on both sides was measured for all the subjects in both the groups to know whether it differs according to the type of malocclusion.

Results

The silent period was more in group II (MPDS patients). There was no significant difference in the silent periods in Angle's class I, II and III malocclusion in group I, whereas in group II, there was a significant difference in the silent period in Angle's class II compared to Angle's class I and III. There was no significant difference between males and females.

Conclusion

MPDS patients are more in Angle's class I malocclusion. Silent period is more in Angle's class II malocclusion of MPDS group. Clinical significance: The EMG masseter silent period duration can be advantageously utilized as an adjunct to clinical examination for diagnosis of myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. It is enough if one side masseter muscle is measured for silent period duration.

How to cite this article

Varma KVVP, Reddy RB, Reddy SNK, Rao SR, Neela PK, V Naresh. Evaluation of Malocclusion in MPDS. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):939-943.
Impeded Eruption of Mandibular Canine
Authors: Lele Gauri S , Modi Darshan
Published: February 2014

Odontome, tumor of odontogenic origin, is associated with disturbances in the eruption of teeth such as impaction, delayed eruption or retention of permanent teeth. It is seen on radiographic examination as a radiopaque lesion which may be single or multiple. Morphologically, odontomes are of two typescompound or complex and can be found at any age with high prevalence in maxilla than in mandible. In this case report, lack of eruption of permanent mandibular canine owing to presence of associated compound odontome is presented.

How to cite this article

Lele GS, Modi D. Impeded Eruption of mandibular Canine. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):963-967.
Miniscrew Implants as Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kalra Amit , Jaggi Nitin , Jasoria Gaurav , Shamim Wamiq , Rathore Saurabh , Manchanda Mona
Published: February 2014

In recent times, the use of miniscrew implants to obtain absolute anchorage has gained momentum in clinical orthodontics as rigid anchorage modality. Miniscrew implants offers many advantages when used as temporary anchorage devices like, easy placement and removal, immediate loading, can be used in a variety of locations, provide absolute anchorage, economic and requires less patient cooperation. This makes them as a necessary treatment option in cases with critical anchorage that would have otherwise resulted in anchorage loss if treated with conventional means of anchorage. The aim of this comprehensive review is to highlight the gradual evolution, clinical use, advantages and disadvantages of the miniscrew implants when used to obtain a temporary but absolute skeletal anchorage for orthodontic applications.

How to cite this article

Jasoria G, Shamim W, Rathore S, Kalra A, Manchanda M, Jaggi N. Miniscrew Implants as Temporary Anchorage Devices in Orthodontics: A Comprehensive Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):993-999.
АНАЛИЗА СТАЊА НАСИЛНИЧКОГ КРИМИНАЛИТЕТА У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРПСКОЈ
Authors: Шетка Гојко , Благојевић Горан
Published: February 2014

Овим радом се анализира стање насилничког криминалитета у Републици Српској, а као основа за анализу су послужили доступни подаци Министарства унутрашњих послова Републике Српске и Републичког тужилаштва Републике Српске. Кроз приказ и анализу доступних података покушава се закључити која су то кривична дјела насилничког криминалтета најзаступљенија у Републици Српској у посматраном периоду, какав је тренд тих кривичних дјела, те предложити поједине мјере које би могле допринијети позитивном тренду смањења броја извршених кривичних дјела.
АНАЛИЗА ПРЕКРШАЈА ЕВИДЕНТИРАНИХ СТАЦИОНАРНИМ РАДАРСКИМ СИСТЕМОМ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРПСКОЈ
Authors: Марић Младен , Саламадија Милан
Published: February 2014

Тренд повећања броја саобраћајних незгода и тежине по-сљедица у Бањој Луци, тачније на западном транзиту, у улици Крајишкихбригада, затим на дионици магистралног пута Бања Лука–Клашнице,те на источном транзиту, на раскрсници улица Булевар војводе Живоји-на Мишића и Булевар војводе Петра Бојовића, прекинут је 2010. годинемјерама које су дале значајне ефекте. Наиме, на поменутим локацијама јепостављен стационарни радарски систем који евидентира прекршаје пре-корачења брзине и пролазак возилом кроз раскрсницу на црвено свјетло.Неспорно је да се успостављањем стационарног радарског система на по-менутим локацијама утицало на смањење броја саобраћајних незгода и наповећање безбједности саобраћаја. Међутим, од 2010. године евидентанје тренд повећања прекршаја из области саобраћаја на све три локације ион је настављен и у првих девет мјесеци 2013. године. Стога, у раду су ана-лизирани прекршаји евидентирани стационарним радарским системом за2011, 2012. и првих девет мјесеци 2013. године. Поред анализе прекршајапо годинама, извршена је и њихова анализа по локацијама на којима сепостављају активне системске јединице, као и по статусима по којима сезаводе у Полицијској станици за праћење и обраду прекршаја евиденти-раних радарским системима.
КРИЈУМЧАРЕЊЕ И ИЛЕГАЛНО УНОШЕЊЕ НУКЛЕАРНОГ МАТЕРИЈАЛА И РАДИОАКТИВНОГ ОТПАДА КАО ОБЛИК УГРОЖАВАЊА ЕКОЛОШКЕ БЕЗБЕДНОСТИ
Authors: Амиџић Горан , Ћулум Дарко
Published: February 2014

Сведоци смо интензивног развоја науке и технике и великихмогућности коришћења њихових достигнућа у многим сферама друштвеногживота. Управо, примена научних и техничких достигнућа утицала је на развојпроизводних снага, изградњу савремених индустријских постројења и објека-та, модерну урбанизацију, откривање нових енергетских извора, чиме су се истварали повољни услови за живот и рад човека. Међутим, сваки напредаку развоју човечанства има и своју негативну страну која се, са криминалногаспекта, испољава у стварању нових и повољнијих услова који, као кримино-гени фактори, погодују настајању нових појавних облика криминалитета. Собзиром на узроке, прилагодљивост и прикривеност, веома је тешко открива-ти нове појавне облике криминала и обезбеђивати личне и материјалне дока-зе. У истом контексту не сме се занемарити чињеница да технолошки развојтакође омогућава човеку да мења природу и прилагођава је својим потреба-ма, што он у многим ситуацијама чини нерационално, уништавајући основневредности природе и угрожавајући еколошку безбедност разноврсним кри-миналним радњама, што се манифестује кроз разноврсне облике еколошкогкриминала. Кријумчарење хемијског или другог опасног материјала и отпада,биолошких агенаса, нафте и њихово складиштење на недозвољеним местимаили на недозвољен начин озбиљан су вид еколошког криминала. Такође, новивидови еколошког криминала испољавају се и као еколошки тероризам којије дошао до изражаја у ратовима вођеним на просторима бивше Југославије.
ПОЛНИ ДИМОРФИЗАМ АНТРОПОЛОШКОГ ПРОФИЛА СТУДЕНАТА ВИСОКЕ ШКОЛЕ УНУТРАШЊИХ ПОСЛОВА У ФУНКЦИЈИ РЈЕШАВАЊА ПРОБЛЕМСКИХ СИТУАЦИЈА ИЗ СПЕЦИЈАЛНОГ ФИЗИЧКОГ ОБРАЗОВАЊА
Authors: Паспаљ Дарко
Published: February 2014

Циљ рада је дефинисање разлика код различитих индика-тора за процјену антрополошког профила студената Високе школе уну-трашњих послова у односу на пол. Узорак испитаника састојао се од се-дамдесет студената треће године Високе школе унутрашњих послова уБањој Луци, распоређених у двије групе према полу: Н = 26, жене и Н =44, мушкарци. Узорак варијабли био је састављен од тестова за процјенуморфолошких и конативних карактеристика и тестова за процјену когни-тивних и моторичких способности. У истраживање су укључене и варија-бле за процјену квалитета рјешавања проблемских ситуација из програмаСпецијалног физичког образовања. Тестирање статистичких разлика у ан-трополошком профилу, с обзиром на пол испитаника, извршено је примје-ном т – теста за независне узорке. На основу добијених резултата можесе закључити да постоји статистички значајна разлика између женске имушке групе испитаника код варијабле тест спацијализације из просторакогнитивних способности и код свих варијабли за процјену морфолошкихкарактеристикама, као и код варијабли: скок удаљ из мјеста, трчање 20 ме-тара летећим стартом, кораци у страну, окретност на тлу, бубњање ногамаи рукама, тапинг руком, максималан број склекова за 10 секунди, максима-лан број подизања трупа за 30 секунди и Куперов тест трчања 12 минутаиз простора моторичких способности у корист испитаника мушке групе,на основу чега можемо претпоставити да су наведене варијабле предик-тивне за успјешно рјешавање проблемских ситуација из програма СФО-аи да постоји њихова велика повезаност са квалитетом рјешавања про-блемских ситуација: савладавање отпора када се лице држи са обје руке запредмет, одбрана од покушаја напада хватом са обје руке за врат сприједа,ослобађање од напада хватом са обје руке за врат сприједа, одбрана од на-пада ударцем руком у главу и одбрана од напада ударцем штапом одозго надоље у правцу главе. Добијене разлике у антрополошком профилу сту-дената свакако су потврда неопходности различитог приступа планирањуи програмирању тренажног рада у склопу ситуационе обуке, нарочитокада је у питању индивидуалан приступ усавршавању карактеристика испособности које доминантно утичу на рјешавања проблемских ситуацијаиз програма Специјалног физичког образовања.
LEGAL REACTION TO PREVIOUS STAGES OF EXECUTION OF CRIMINAL ACTIONS IN CRIMINAL LEGISLATIONS IN THE COUNTRIES OF FORMER YUGOSLAVIA
Authors: Milijević Dragana
Published: February 2014

legal reaction to criminality is based upon the regulations ofcriminal law which, by their content, represent an ultima ratio in fighting againstcriminality. Contemporary criminal legislations, as well as criminal legislationsfrom the area of the countries of former Yugoslavia, have incorporated provisionsby which legal intervention is tended to be achieved in so called previousstages of committing a criminal action. The above mentioned representsboth traditional and necessary mean in fighting contemporary and more severeforms of criminality. In criminal legislations from the area of former Yugoslaviathe area of punishment is in certain cases expanded to the stage of preparationof criminal actions, whether it is done by first or second model of legal regulationsof this legal institute. The author of this work reflects the legal reactions ofcriminal legislations concerning previous stages of committing criminal actions
Population characteristics, space use and habitat selection of two non-migratory caribou herds in central Alaska, 1994 - 2009
Authors: Horne Jon S. , Craig Tim , Joly Kyle , Stout Glenn W. , Cebrian Merben R. , Garton Edward O.
Published: February 2014

Conservation and management of Alaska’s caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) herds are important for ecological, cultural, social, and economic reasons.  While most research is directed towards the large migratory herds, smaller herds that may or may not be migratory can be an equally valuable component of the state’s faunal resources; but for many of these smaller herds, basic information on herd size, demographics, space use and movements is lacking.  We compiled Very High Frequency (VHF) telemetry data collected from 1994 - 2009 on 2 such herds in central Alaska, the Hodzana Hills Herd (HHH) and the Ray Mountain Herd (RMH) and estimated abundance, survival, resource selection and seasonal home ranges to inform future management of these herds.  We found that both herds were relatively small and stable with approximately 1000 – 1500 individuals; annual survivorship of adult females was high (93% and 94% for RMH and HHH, respectively) and comparable to other stable or increasing herds in Alaska.  Both herds were non-migratory maintaining seasonal ranges with substantial overlap.  Additionally, despite their close proximity, we did not document any exchange of individuals between the 2 herds.  Their spatial separation may be partly due to a strip of non-preferred habitat that somewhat parallels the Dalton Highway.  While the telemetry data we used were not originally collected for the purpose of this study, careful compilation and application of appropriate analytical techniques allowed us to glean important characteristics of these herds that will be of value to regulatory and management agencies in the future.
Improvement of color separation characteristics of a side-illuminated color photo sensor
Authors: Ariyoshi Tetsuya , Sakamoto Kenji , Arima Yutaka
Published: February 2014

For easy color photography, we have proposed a method of irradiating a silicon photosensor from the side. This color imaging method applies a simple pixel structure without color filters, and prevents the generation of false colors and moiré patterns. A test chip was fabricated using a 0.35 µm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor 1-poly 4-metal process. The chip dimensions are 5000 × 5000 µm2. The pixel layout structure that we proposed previously was remodeled. We confirmed that the four colors blue, green, red, and near-infrared are isolated in the normal color wavelength range in a light irradiation experiment.
Al-induced crystallization of amorphous Ge thin films on conducting layer coated glass substrates
Authors: Nakazawa Koki , Toko Kaoru , Usami Noritaka , Suemasu Takashi
Published: February 2014

The effect of the underlayer on the Al-induced crystallized (AIC) Ge thin film is investigated to achieve a high-quality Ge layer on a conducting-layer-coated glass substrate. We found that the crystal orientation and the grain size of the AIC-Ge layer strongly depend on the underlayer material. We explain that this phenomenon is related to the interfacial energy between Ge and the underlayer material and/or the crystal property of the underlayer material, since the Ge nucleation likely occurs at the interface under the growth condition employed in this study. Among the samples with Al-doped ZnO, ITO, and TiN conducting underlayers, the TiN sample yields the highest crystal quality: the (111) orientation fraction of 96% and the average grain size of approximately 100 µm. Therefore, the selection of the conducting underlayer material is significantly important to design advanced photovoltaic devices based on Ge thin films on glass.
Haftung der Grundpfandrechte für Prozesskosten
Authors: Barchewitz Wolfgang
Published: February 2014

Der Aufsatz beleuchtet die Kostenerstattungsansprüche des Grundpfandgläubigers, der erfolgreich sein dingliches Recht als Kläger geltend gemacht oder als Beklagter verteidigt hat. Er zeigt andererseits auf, wie Grundstückseigentümer oder sonstige Erlösberechtigte dagegen vorgehen können, wenn Kostenerstattungsansprüche zu Unrecht im Rahmen der Grundpfandrechtshaftung geltend gemacht werden.
A 249 kyr stack of eight loess grain size records from northern China documenting millennial‐scale climate variability
Authors: Yang Shiling , Ding Zhongli
Published: February 2014

In order to construct a stacked climatic record of millennial‐scale variability for northern China, grain size was measured for 12,330 samples from eight thick loess sections. Between section correlation of these grain size records shows that, although small depositional hiatuses may be present within a single section, most parts of the sections display continuous dust deposition. By correlating the eight records with the precisely dated Chinese stalagmite δ18O record, a stacked 249 kyr‐long grain size time series was constructed, termed the “CHILOMOS” record, which is the first high‐resolution stack documenting millennial‐scale variability in northern China. This stack shows millennial‐scale climatic events superimposed on a prominent cooling trend during the last and penultimate glaciations, consistent with the pattern of increasing global ice volume. However, this cooling trend is dampened in the stalagmite record and totally suppressed in the low‐latitude ocean record. It follows that the Loess Plateau, far from the low‐latitude ocean, is largely influenced by the northern high‐latitude ice sheets, while the proximal stalagmites of southern China primarily document signals from the low‐latitude ocean. Cross correlations of climatic records from high and low latitudes demonstrate that the millennial‐scale abrupt changes originated in the northern polar area and were propagated into East Asia largely through the East Asian winter monsoon. The CHILOMOS record also confirms that the driest and coldest interval of the last 249 kyr occurred in the late MIS 6, and that MIS 7d was extremely cold and dry, similar to the stadial conditions of MIS 6.
Response of the Southern Annular Mode to tidal forcing and the bidecadal rainfall cycle over subtropical southern Africa
Authors: Malherbe Johan , Engelbrecht F. A. , Landman W. A.
Published: February 2014

Synoptic weather data and rainfall records are used to support previous suggestions that the decadal‐scale cycle in certain climate records may be attributed to the modulation in tidal forcing related to the 18.6 year lunar nodal cycle. The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is shown to be sensitive to tidal forcing on a daily time scale. It is subsequently shown that the late‐summer SAM can be predicted by consideration of tidal potential. The seasonal response in the SAM is also reflected in sea surface temperatures. Observed behavior of the atmosphere suggests that changing tidal potential over the lower versus higher latitudinal regions plays a role. The atmospheric response as reflected in the changing SAM affects the daily rainfall variation in certain subtropical parts of southern Africa where rainfall correlates positively with the SAM. The daily rainfall response subsequently accumulates in a bidecadal rainfall cycle, known over southern Africa as the Dyer‐Tyson cycle.
The effects of changing winds and temperatures on the oceanography of the Ross Sea in the 21st century
Authors: Smith Walker O. , Dinniman Michael S. , Hofmann Eileen E. , Klinck John M.
Published: February 2014

The Ross Sea is critically important in regulating Antarctic sea ice and is biologically productive, which makes changes in the region's physical environment of global concern. We examined the effects of projected changes in atmospheric temperatures and winds on aspects of the ocean circulation likely important to primary production using a high‐resolution sea ice‐ocean‐ice shelf model of the Ross Sea. The modeled summer sea‐ice concentrations decreased by 56% by 2050 and 78% by 2100. The duration of shallow mixed layers over the continental shelf increased by 8.5 and 19.2 days in 2050 and 2100, and the mean summer mixed layer depths decreased by 12 and 44%. These results suggest that the annual phytoplankton production in the future will increase and become more diatomaceous. Other components of the Ross Sea food web will likely be severely disrupted, creating significant but unpredictable impacts on the ocean's most pristine ecosystem.
Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of Ketones Catalyzed by Zinc Acetate with Hindered Pybox Ligands
Authors: Łowicki Daniel , Bezłada Agata , Mlynarski Jacek
Published: February 2014

A highly efficient asymmetric hydrosilylation (AHS) of a wide variety of prochiral aryl ketones catalyzed by zinc acetate with TPS‐he‐pybox (tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl hydroxyethyl pybox) ligand has been successfully developed. Cheap and readily available chiral Lewis acids based on zinc salts have been used as promising catalyst for the reduction of aryl ketones under mild conditions at room temperature leading to chiral alcohols in excellent yields and good to high enantioselectivities (up to 85% ee).

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Iron(III) Chloride/Diorganyl Diselenides Promoted Regio‐ and Stereoselective Cyclization of ortho‐Alkynylanilides: Synthesis of (Z)‐4‐(chalcogen)methylenebenzoxazines
Authors: Stein André L. , Bilheri Filipe N. , Back Davi F. , Zeni Gilson
Published: February 2014

Intramolecular 6‐exo‐dig cyclization of ortho‐alkynylanilides has been employed in a regio‐ and stereoselective synthesis of (Z)‐4‐(chalcogen)methylenebenzoxazines. Several reaction parameters were screened for the efficient cyclization of ortho‐alkynylanilides. Among them, the reaction of ortho‐alkynylanilides (0.25 mmol) with iron(III) chloride (3.0 equiv.) and diorganyl diselenides (0.75 equiv.) in dichloromethane as solvent gave the products in acceptable to good yields. The resulting products were then subjected to a nitrogen–oxygen exchange reaction with ammonium acetate to furnish quinazoline derivatives. The one‐pot version of this cyclization, starting directly from 2‐alkynylanilines, avoiding the previous preparation of ortho‐alkynylanilides was also briefly studied.

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Formic acid decomposition on Au catalysts: DFT, microkinetic modeling, and reaction kinetics experiments
Authors: Singh Suyash , Li Sha , Carrasquillo‐Flores Ronald , Alba‐Rubio Ana C. , Dumesic James A. , Mavrikakis Manos
Published: February 2014

A combined theoretical and experimental approach is presented that uses a comprehensive mean‐field microkinetic model, reaction kinetics experiments, and scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging to unravel the reaction mechanism and provide insights into the nature of active sites for formic acid (HCOOH) decomposition on Au/SiC catalysts. All input parameters for the microkinetic model are derived from periodic, self‐consistent, generalized gradient approximation (GGA‐PW91) density functional theory calculations on the Au(111), Au(100), and Au(211) surfaces and are subsequently adjusted to describe the experimental HCOOH decomposition rate and selectivity data. It is shown that the HCOOH decomposition follows the formate (HCOO) mediated path, with 100% selectivity toward the dehydrogenation products (CO2 + H2) under all reaction conditions. An analysis of the kinetic parameters suggests that an Au surface in which the coordination number of surface Au atoms is ≤4 may provide a better model for the active site of HCOOH decomposition on these specific supported Au catalysts. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 1303–1319, 2014
Hydrodynamic interactions between two slender tori in a viscous fluid
Authors: Kim Sangtae , Palaniappan D.
Published: February 2014

As a gift to Professor Bird, hydrodynamic interactions between two slender toroidal particles immersed in a viscous fluid are derived to extend the Rotne–Prager–Yamakawa (RPY) tensor formulation of bead‐spring and bead‐rod models of polymer kinetic theory to toroidal beads. As a relatively simple example of a multiply connected domain, this model geometry exhibits the special “role of the hole” and features new tensorial constructs beyond the Oseen–Burgers and Stokes quadrupoles that are encountered in the classical RPY theory. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 1517–1522, 2014
Cornelia de Lange syndrome: Further delineation of phenotype, cohesin biology and educational focus, 5th Biennial Scientific and Educational Symposium abstracts
Authors: Kline Antonie D. , Calof Anne L. , Schaaf Cheri A. , Krantz Ian D. , Jyonouchi Soma , Yokomori Kyoko , Gauze Maria , Carrico Cheri S. , Woodman Julie , Gerton Jennifer L. , Vega Hugo , Levin Alex V. , Shirahige Katsuhiko , Champion Michele , Goodban Marjorie T. , O'Connor Julia T. , Pipan Mary , Horsfield Julia , Deardorff Matthew A. , Ishman Stacey L. , Dorsett Dale
Published: February 2014

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is the prototype for the cohesinopathy disorders that have mutations in genes associated with the cohesin subunit in all cells. Roberts syndrome is the next most common cohesinopathy. In addition to the developmental implications of cohesin biology, there is much translational and basic research, with progress towards potential treatment for these conditions. Clinically, there are many issues in CdLS faced by the individual, parents and caretakers, professionals, and schools. The following abstracts are presentations from the 5th Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Scientific and Educational Symposium on June 20–21, 2012, in conjunction with the Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Foundation National Meeting, Lincolnshire, IL. The research committee of the CdLS Foundation organizes the meeting, reviews and accepts abstracts and subsequently disseminates the information to the families. In addition to the basic science and clinical discussions, there were educationally‐focused talks related to practical aspects of management at home and in school. AMA CME credits were provided by Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.