bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sepsis at ICU admission does not decrease 30-day survival in very old patients: a post-hoc analysis of the VIP1 multinational cohort study
Authors:   the VIP1 study, Ibarz Mercedes , Boumendil Ariane , Haas Lenneke E. M. , Irazabal Marian , Flaatten Hans , de Lange Dylan W. , Morandi Alessandro , Andersen Finn H. , Bertolini Guido , Cecconi Maurizio , Christensen Steffen , Faraldi Loredana , Fjølner Jesper , Jung Christian , Marsh Brian , Moreno Rui , Oeyen Sandra , Öhman Christina Agwald , Bollen Pinto Bernardo , Soliman Ivo W. , Szczeklik Wojciech , Valentin Andreas , Watson Ximena , Zaferidis Tilemachos , Guidet Bertrand , Artigas Antonio
Published: May 2020

Background

The number of intensive care patients aged ≥ 80 years (Very old Intensive Care Patients; VIPs) is growing. VIPs have high mortality and morbidity and the benefits of ICU admission are frequently questioned. Sepsis incidence has risen in recent years and identification of outcomes is of considerable public importance. We aimed to determine whether VIPs admitted for sepsis had different outcomes than those admitted for other acute reasons and identify potential prognostic factors for 30-day survival.

Results

This prospective study included VIPs with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores ≥ 2 acutely admitted to 307 ICUs in 21 European countries. Of 3869 acutely admitted VIPs, 493 (12.7%) [53.8% male, median age 83 (81–86) years] were admitted for sepsis. Sepsis was defined according to clinical criteria; suspected or demonstrated focus of infection and SOFA score ≥ 2 points. Compared to VIPs admitted for other acute reasons, VIPs admitted for sepsis were younger, had a higher SOFA score (9 vs. 7,p < 0.0001), required more vasoactive drugs [82.2% vs. 55.1%,p < 0.0001] and renal replacement therapies [17.4% vs. 9.9%;p < 0.0001], and had more life-sustaining treatment limitations [37.3% vs. 32.1%;p = 0.02]. Frailty was similar in both groups. Unadjusted 30-day survival was not significantly different between the two groups. After adjustment for age, gender, frailty, and SOFA score, sepsis had no impact on 30-day survival [HR 0.99 (95% CI 0.86–1.15),p = 0.917]. Inverse-probability weight (IPW)-adjusted survival curves for the first 30 days after ICU admission were similar for acute septic and non-septic patients [HR: 1.00 (95% CI 0.87–1.17),p = 0.95]. A matched-pair analysis in which patients with sepsis were matched with two control patients of the same gender with the same age, SOFA score, and level of frailty was also performed. A Cox proportional hazard regression model stratified on the matched pairs showed that 30-day survival was similar in both groups [57.2% (95% CI 52.7–60.7) vs. 57.1% (95% CI 53.7–60.1),p = 0.85].

Conclusions

After adjusting for organ dysfunction, sepsis at admission was not independently associated with decreased 30-day survival in this multinational study of 3869 VIPs. Age, frailty, and SOFA score were independently associated with survival.
Stochastic Lie bracket (derivation, derivation) in MB-algebras
Authors: Madadi Masoumeh , Saadati Reza , Park Choonkil , Rassias John Michael
Published: May 2020

By a stochastic controller, we make stable the pseudo stochastic Lie bracket (derivation, derivation) in complex MB-algebras. Next, we get an approximation by a stochastic Lie bracket (derivation, derivation) and calculate the maximum error of the estimate.
The spectral implementation of the nonstationary Stokes problem with nonstandard boundary conditions
Authors: Abdelwahed Mohamed , Chorfi Nejmeddine , Ouertani Henda
Published: May 2020

This paper deals with the implementation of the spectral discretization of the vorticity–velocity–pressure formulation of the nonstationary Stokes problem. We use the implicit Euler scheme for the discretization in time. We propose a global method for the resolution of the linear system resulting from the discrete problem. This method is implemented, and some numerical results are presented which confirm the good convergence for the three unknowns.
Attractors for the nonclassical reaction–diffusion equations on time-dependent spaces
Authors: Zhu Kaixuan , Xie Yongqin , Zhou Feng
Published: May 2020

In this paper, based on the notation of time-dependent attractors introduced by Conti, Pata and Temam in (J. Differ. Equ. 255:1254–1277, 2013), we prove the existence of time-dependent global attractors in $\mathcal{H}_{t}$Ht for a class of nonclassical reaction–diffusion equations with the forcing term $g(x)\in H^{-1}(\varOmega )$g(x)∈H−1(Ω) and the nonlinearity f satisfying the polynomial growth of arbitrary $p-1$p−1 ($p\geq 2$p≥2) order, which generalizes the results obtained in (Appl. Anal. 94:1439–1449, 2015) and (Bound. Value Probl. 2016: 10, 2016).
Inverse source problem for time fractional diffusion equation with Mittag-Leffler kernel
Authors: Can Nguyen Huu , Luc Nguyen Hoang , Baleanu Dumitru , Zhou Yong , Long Le Dinh
Published: May 2020

In this work, we study the problem to identify an unknown source term for the Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative. In general, the problem is severely ill-posed in the sense of Hadamard. We have applied the generalized Tikhonov method to regularize the instable solution of the problem. In the theoretical result, we show the error estimate between the regularized and exact solutions with a priori parameter choice rules. We present a numerical example to illustrate the theoretical result. According to this example, we show that the proposed regularization method is converged.
On the solutions of a max-type system of difference equations of higher order
Authors: Su Guangwang , Han Caihong , Sun Taixiang , Li Lue
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we study the following max-type system of difference equations of higher order: $$ \textstyle\begin{cases} x_{n} = \max \{A ,\frac{y_{n-t}}{x_{n-s}} \}, \\ y_{n} = \max \{B ,\frac{x_{n-t}}{y_{n-s}} \},\end{cases}\displaystyle \quad n\in \{0,1,2,\ldots \}, $${xn=max{A,yn−txn−s},yn=max{B,xn−tyn−s},n∈{0,1,2,…}, where $A,B\in (0, +\infty )$A,B∈(0,+∞), $t,s\in \{1,2,\ldots \}$t,s∈{1,2,…} with $\gcd (s,t)=1$gcd(s,t)=1, the initial values $x_{-d},y_{-d},x_{-d+1},y_{-d+1}, \ldots , x_{-1}, y_{-1}\in (0,+ \infty )$x−d,y−d,x−d+1,y−d+1,…,x−1,y−1∈(0,+∞) and $d=\max \{t,s\}$d=max{t,s}.
Classical stabilities of multiplicative inverse difference and adjoint functional equations
Authors: Senthil Kumar B. V. , Al-Shaqsi Khalifa , Dutta Hemen
Published: May 2020

The aim of this present article is to investigate various classical stability results of the multiplicative inverse difference and adjoint functional equations
$$ m_{d} \biggl(\frac{rs}{r+s} \biggr)-m_{d} \biggl( \frac{2rs}{r+s} \biggr)= \frac{1}{2} \bigl[m_{d}(r)+m_{d}(s) \bigr] $$md(rsr+s)−md(2rsr+s)=12[md(r)+md(s)] and
$$ m_{a} \biggl(\frac{rs}{r+s} \biggr)+m_{a} \biggl( \frac{2rs}{r+s} \biggr)= \frac{3}{2} \bigl[m_{a}(r)+m_{a}(s) \bigr] $$ma(rsr+s)+ma(2rsr+s)=32[ma(r)+ma(s)] in the framework of non-zero real numbers. A proper counter-example is illustrated to prove the failure of the stability results for control cases. The relevance of these functional equations in optics is also discussed.
Social and ecological outcomes of conservation interventions in tropical coastal marine ecosystems: a systematic map protocol
Authors: Brooks Willa R. , Rudd Morgan E. , Cheng Samantha H. , Silliman Brian R. , Gill David A. , Ahmadia Gabby N. , Andradi-Brown Dominic A. , Glew Louise , Campbell Lisa M.
Published: May 2020

Background

Tropical coastal marine ecosystems (TCMEs) are rich in biodiversity and provide many ecosystem services, including carbon storage, shoreline protection, and food. Coastal areas are home to increasing numbers of people and population growth is expected to continue, putting TCMEs under pressure from development as well as broader environmental changes associated with climate change, e.g. sea level rise and ocean acidification. Attention to TCMEs by conservation organizations has increased and although a variety of interventions to promote conservation and sustainable development of TCMEs have been implemented, evidence regarding the outcomes of these—for people or ecosystems—is scattered and unclear. This study takes a systematic mapping approach to identify articles that examine the ecological and social outcomes associated with conservation interventions in TCMEs; specifically in coral reef, mangrove, and seagrass habitats.

Methods

We developed a comprehensive framework of conservation interventions and outcomes, drawing on existing frameworks and related evidence synthesis projects, as well as interviews with marine conservation practitioners. We modified existing frameworks to: (i) include features of TCME that are not fully captured in existing frameworks; and (ii) further specify and/or regroup existing interventions or outcomes. We developed a search string informed by habitat, geography, interventions, and outcomes of interest, to search the peer-reviewed primary literature in four bibliographic databases and the grey literature on relevant institutional websites. All searches will be conducted in English. We will screen returned articles at the title and abstract level. Included articles will be screened at full text level and data coding will follow. Number of articles and reasons for excluding at full text level screening will be recorded. At each phase (title and abstract screening, full text screening, data coding), articles will be assessed independently by two members of the review team. Coded data will be reported in a narrative review and a database accessible through an open access, searchable data portal. We will summarize trends in the evidence base, identify interventions and outcomes where evidence can be further assessed in subsequent systematic reviews and where gaps in the literature exist, and discuss the implications of research gaps and gluts for TCME conservation policy, practice, and future research.
Influence of light-emitting diodes on phenylpropanoid biosynthetic gene expression and phenylpropanoid accumulation in Agastache rugosa
Authors: Park Woo Tae , Yeo Sun Kyung , Sathasivam Ramaraj , Park Jong Seok , Kim Jae Kwang , Park Sang Un
Published: May 2020

Agsatache rugosa (Korean mint), belongs to the mint family and it has various medicinal properties. In addition, it has several valuable compounds such as monoterpenes and phenylpropanoid compounds. Amongst these, two compounds viz., rosmarinic acid (RA), and tilianin are well-known natural compounds that have numerous pharmacological properties. The phenylpropanoid biosynthetic gene expression under stress conditions and the subsequent accumulation of phenylpropanoid content has not been extensively studied in Korean mint. Here, we investigated the effect of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the expression levels of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway genes and the accumulation of phenylpropanoid compounds such as RA and tilianin in A. rugosa. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the phenylpropanoid pathway genes responded to the LED lights. The transcript levels of downstream genes (C4H, CHS, CHI, and RAS) were comparatively higher than those of upstream genes (PAL, TAT, and HPPR). In addition, HPLC analysis showed that the content of RA and tilianin were significantly higher in plants cultivated under white light than those grown under red, blue, green, and orange lights. The RA and tilianin content were the highest in the plantlets after three weeks of exposure to white light. These results suggested that white LED lights significantly enhanced the accumulation of phenylpropanoid compounds in A. rugosa.
Development, validation and regulatory acceptance of improved purification and simplified quality control of [13N] Ammonia
Authors: Yokell Daniel L. , Rice Peter A. , Neelamegam Ramesh , El Fakhri Georges
Published: May 2020

Background

[13N]Ammonia is a cyclotron produced myocardial perfusion imaging agent. With the development of high-yielding [13N]ammonia cyclotron targets using a solution of 5 mM ethanol in water, there was a need to develop and validate an automated purification and formulation system for [13N]ammonia to be in a physiological compatible formulation of 0.9% sodium chloride since there is no widely available commercial system at this time. Due to its short half-life of 10 min, FDA and USP regulations allow [13N]ammonia to be tested in quality control (QC) sub-batches with limited quality control testing performed on the sub-batches for patient use. The current EP and the original USP method for the determination of the radiochemical purity and identity of [13N]ammonia depended on an HPLC method using a conductivity detector and a solvent free of other salts. This HPLC method created issues in a modern cGMP high volume PET manufacturing facility where the HPLC is used with salt containing mobile phase buffers for quality control analysis of other PET radiopharmaceuticals. Flushing of the HPLC system of residual salt buffers which may interfere with the [13N]ammonia assay can take several hours of instrument time. Since there are no mass limits on [13N]ammonia, a simplified TLC assay to determine radiochemical identity and purity could be developed to simplify and streamline QC.

Results

We have developed and validated a streamlined automated synthesis for [13N]ammonia which provides the drug product in 8 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride for injection. A novel radio-TLC method was developed and validated to demonstrate feasibility to quantitate [13N]ammonia and separate it from all known radiochemical impurities.

Conclusions

The process for automated synthesis of [13N]ammonia simplifies and automates the purification and formulation of [13N]ammonia in a cGMP compliant manner needed for high-throughput manufacture of [13N]ammonia. The novel radio-TLC method has simplified [13N]ammonia quality control (QC) and now enables it to be tested using the same QC equipment as [18F]fludeoxyglucose (FDA/USP recognized name for 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose). Both the streamlined automated synthesis of [13N]ammonia and the novel radio-TLC method have been accepted and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the cGMP manufacture of [13N]ammonia.
What does the COVID-19 pandemic mean for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria control?
Authors: Amimo Floriano , Lambert Ben , Magit Anthony
Published: May 2020

Despite its current relatively low global share of cases and deaths in Africa compared to other regions, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has the potential to trigger other larger crises in the region. This is due to the vulnerability of health and economic systems, coupled with the high burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis (TB), and malaria. Here we examine the potential implications of COVID-19 on the control of these major epidemic diseases in Africa. We use current evidence on disease burden of HIV, TB, and malaria, and epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 in Africa, retrieved from the literature. Our analysis shows that the current measures to control COVID-19 neglect important and complex context-specific epidemiological, social, and economic realities in Africa. There is a similarity of clinical features of TB and malaria, with those used to track COVID-19 cases. This coupled with institutional mistrust and misinformation might result in many patients with clinical features similar to those of COVID-19 being hesitant to voluntarily seek care in a formal health facility. Furthermore, most people in productive age in Africa work in the informal sector, and most of those in the formal sector are underemployed. With the current measures to control COVID-19, these populations might face unprecedented difficulties to access essential services, mainly due to reduced ability of patients to support direct and indirect medical costs, and unavailability of transportation means to reach health facilities. Therefore, if not accompanied with appropriate economic and epidemiological considerations, we anticipate that these measures might result in unprecedented difficulties among vulnerable segments of society to access essential services, including antiretroviral and prophylactic drugs among people living with HIV and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, anti-tuberculosis drugs, and curative and preventive treatments for malaria among pregnant women and children. This might increase the propensity of patients taking substandard doses and/or medicines, which has the potential to compromise drug efficacy, and worsen health inequalities in the region. COVID-19 responses at country level should include measures to protect vulnerable and under-served segments of society.
Managing healthcare delivery system to fight the COVID-19 epidemic: experience in Japan
Authors: Gai Ruoyan , Tobe Makoto
Published: May 2020

Amid the global pandemic of a novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), healthcare delivery system is being stretched. In Japan, rapid spread of the epidemic brings hospitals to the brink of exhaustion. This commentary aims to briefly review related policies of Japan in managing healthcare delivery system. Among the relevant actions, strengthening the hospitalized care is emphasized to save lives. Despite of limitations, the policies show a success in preventing a collapse of healthcare delivery system and skyrocketing mortality from happening so far. On the other hand, huge concerns remain if the infections continue to rapidly increase. The experience in Japan indicates the urgency of planning of healthcare delivery system, mobilizing all relevant social sectors by consensus, and guiding people with calm manner based on the best shared knowledge and evidences.
Bacterial and fungal causes of infectious keratitis among patients attending Research Institute of Ophthalmology
Authors: Abouzeid Amal Ibrahim , Eissa Somaia Abd Ellatif , Aboelnour Amal E. , Awad Alaa Mohamed Reda
Published: May 2020

Background

Corneal ulcer is a potentially sight threatening ocular condition and the leading cause of monocular blindness in developing countries. Knowing the predisposing factors and etiologic microorganism can help prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent devastating outcomes

The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of bacteria and fungi in infectious keratitis. And to detect the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern against these causative bacterial and fungal pathogens using antibacterial and antifungal disces.

Results

Out of 50 cases (= 50 eyes), fungal growth was predominant 23/50 representing 46% with Aspergillus flavus being the most prevalent 14/23(61%). Bacterial growth was 7/50 (14%), 4/7 was gram-positive cocci (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumonie) and 3/7 was pseudomonas spp. While twenty out of 50 cases (40%) showed no growth.

Conclusion

Ocular trauma was the major cause of infectious keratitis, more in rural population. Fungal growth; mainly Aspergillus spp. was the most prevalent pathogen encountered in all cases. Voriconazole proved to be the first choice in the treatment of mould keratitis with 100% susceptibility. While alarmingly, fluconazole should no longer be used for the empirical therapy as it showed resistance to all the fungal isolates.
Standard-of-Care Axicabtagene Ciloleucel for Relapsed or Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Results From the US Lymphoma CAR T Consortium
Authors: Nastoupil Loretta J. , Jain Michael D. , Feng Lei , Spiegel Jay Y. , Ghobadi Armin , Lin Yi , Dahiya Saurabh , Lunning Matthew , Lekakis Lazaros , Reagan Patrick , Oluwole Olalekan , McGuirk Joseph , Deol Abhinav , Sehgal Alison R. , Goy Andre , Hill Brian T. , Vu Khoan , Andreadis Charalambos , Munoz Javier , Westin Jason , Chavez Julio C. , Cashen Amanda , Bennani N. Nora , Rapoport Aaron P. , Vose Julie M. , Miklos David B. , Neelapu Sattva S. , Locke Frederick L.
Published: May 2020

PURPOSE

Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) is an autologous CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy approved for relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) on the basis of the single-arm phase II ZUMA-1 trial, which showed best overall and complete response rates in infused patients of 83% and 58%, respectively. We report clinical outcomes with axi-cel in the standard-of-care (SOC) setting for the approved indication.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Data were collected retrospectively from all patients with relapsed/refractory LBCL who underwent leukapheresis as of September 30, 2018, at 17 US institutions with the intent to receive SOC axi-cel. Toxicities were graded and managed according to each institution’s guidelines. Responses were assessed as per Lugano 2014 classification.

RESULTS

Of 298 patients who underwent leukapheresis, 275 (92%) received axi-cel therapy. Compared with the registrational ZUMA-1 trial, 129 patients (43%) in this SOC study would not have met ZUMA-1 eligibility criteria because of comorbidities at the time of leukapheresis. Among the axi-cel–treated patients, grade ≥ 3 cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity occurred in 7% and 31%, respectively. Nonrelapse mortality was 4.4%. Best overall and complete response rates in infused patients were 82% (95% CI, 77% to 86%) and 64% (95% CI, 58% to 69%), respectively. At a median follow-up of 12.9 months from the time of CAR T-cell infusion, median progression-free survival was 8.3 months (95% CI, 6.0 to15.1 months), and median overall survival was not reached. Patients with poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2-4 and elevated lactate dehydrogenase had shorter progression-free and overall survival on univariable and multivariable analysis.

CONCLUSION

The safety and efficacy of axi-cel in the SOC setting in patients with relapsed/refractory LBCL was comparable to the registrational ZUMA-1 trial.
Low-Temperature NO Reduction over Fe-Ni Alloy Nanoparticles Using Synergistic Effects of Fe and Ni in a Catalytic NO-CO-C3H6-O2 Reaction
Authors: Yoshida Hiroshi , Kawakami Yuki , Tokuzumi Wakana , Shimokawa Yushi , Hirakawa Taiki , Ohyama Junya , Machida Masato
Published: May 2020

A platinum-group-metal-free catalyst comprising Fe-Ni alloy nanoparticles on a γ-Al2O3 support was investigated for use in three-way catalytic converters, with particular attention being paid to its NO reduction activity. The catalyst showed activity for the simultaneous removal of NO, CO, and C3H6 in the stoichiometric NO-CO-C3H6-O2 reaction. Low-oxidation-state Fe sites were found to be effective for NO reduction, while their oxidation by this reaction induced catalyst deactivation. Ni atoms adjacent to the low-oxidation-state Fe atoms were found to stabilize them by catalyzing the consumption of the O atoms in the nanoparticles for CO oxidation, which indirectly promoted further NO reduction.
Targeting the “PVR–TIGIT axis” with immune checkpoint therapies
Authors: Gorvel Laurent , Olive Daniel
Published: May 2020

Checkpoint inhibitors have become an efficient way to treat cancers. Indeed, anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD1, and anti-PDL-1 antibodies are now used as therapies for cancers. However, while these therapies are very efficient in certain tumors, they remain poorly efficient in others. This might be explained by the immune infiltrate, the expression of target molecules, and the influence of the tumor microenvironment. It is therefore critical to identify checkpoint antigens that represent alternative targets for immunotherapies. PVR-like molecules play regulatory roles in immune cell functions. These proteins are expressed by different cell types and have been shown to be upregulated in various malignancies. PVR and Nectin-2 are expressed by tumor cells as well as myeloid cells, while TIGIT, CD96, and DNAM-1 are expressed on effector lymphoid cells. PVR is able to bind DNAM-1, CD96, and TIGIT, which results in two distinct profiles of effector cell activation. Indeed, while binding to DNAM-1 induces the release of cytokines and cytotoxicity of cytotoxic effector cells, binding TIGIT induces an immunosuppressive and non-cytotoxic profile. PVR is also able to bind CD96, which induces an immunosuppressive response in murine models. Unfortunately, in humans, results remain contradictory, and this interaction might induce the activation or the suppression of the immune response. Similarly, Nectin-2 was shown to bind TIGIT and to induce regulatory profiles in effectors cells such as NK and T cells. Therefore, these data highlight the potential of each of the molecules of the “PVR–TIGIT axis” as a potential target for immune checkpoint therapy. However, many questions remain to be answered to fully understand the mechanisms of this synapse, in particular for human CD96 and Nectin-2, which are still understudied. Here, we review the recent advances in “PVR–TIGIT axis” research and discuss the potential of targeting this axis by checkpoint immunotherapies.
High transformation efficiency in Arabidopsis using extremely low Agrobacterium inoculum
Authors: Wang Yiran , Yaghmaiean Hoda , Zhang Yuelin
Published: May 2020

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods have allowed the stable introduction of target genes into the nuclear genomes of recipient plants. Among them, the floral dip approach represents the simplest due to its straightforwardness and high transformation efficiency. In a standard floral dip protocol that most researchers follow, Agrobacterium cells are grown to stationary phase (OD600≈2.0) in large cultures and resuspended in inoculation medium to OD600≥0.8. Here, we tested the effects of low Agrobacterium inoculum on transformation rate. Our data revealed that the floral dip method still guarantees relatively high transformation rate in Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 ecotype even with very low Agrobacterium inoculum (OD600=0.002). Our finding thus simplifies the floral dipping protocol further, which allows transformation with small bacterial culture and enables high-throughput transformation of large numbers of constructs in parallel.
УРОВЕНЬ ЖИЗНИ СЕМЕЙ С ДЕТЬМИ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ ТАТАРСТАН: ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ И ПОВЫШЕНИЯ
Authors: Ivanova Natalya Valerievna , Markova Svetlana Valerievna , Erina Tatyana Valerievna
Published: May 2020

В статье проанализированы социальные индикаторы уровня жизни семей с детьми в Республике Татарстан, публикуемые официальной статистикой. Систематизированы меры социальной поддержки семей с детьми по критериям нуждаемости и многодетности.Цель работы – оценка уровня жизни семей с детьми в Республике Татарстан на основе данных официальной статистики.Метод или методология проведения работы: традиционные приемы экономического анализа и синтеза, статистический и сравнительный методы.Результаты. Анализ структуры конечного потребления и состава питания домашних хозяйств, свидетельствует о невысоком уровне жизни семей с двумя и более детьми по сравнению с остальными группами домохозяйств.Заработная плата не способна в полной мере обеспечить социально-приемлемый уровень жизни работника его семьи. Семьи с детьми с одним работающим родителем имеют высокие риски оказаться за чертой бедности.Анализ применяемых мер социальной поддержки семей с детьми показывает, что руководствуясь принципом адресности, социальные выплаты предоставляются главным образом, малоимущим слоям населения, в соответствии с принятыми в обществе критериями бедности. Семьи, доходы которых близки к прожиточному минимуму, остаются вне системы государственной поддержки.Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут применяться региональными и федеральными органами власти для разработки направлений социальной и семейной политики, направленной на повышение уровня жизни и борьбу с бедностью семей с детьми, а так же научными работниками, интересующимися данной проблемой.
Growth Options and Credit Risk
Authors: Gamba Andrea , Saretto Alessio
Published: May 2020

We calibrate a dynamic model of credit risk and analyze the relation between growth options and credit spreads. Our model features real and financing frictions, a technology with decreasing returns to scale, and endogenous investment options driven by both systematic and idiosyncratic shocks. We find a negative relation between credit spreads and growth options after controlling for determinants of credit risk. This negative relation is a result of the current decision to invest and the associated change in leverage, which, in the presence of external financing needs and financing frictions, increase credit spreads while reducing the value of future investments. We do not find evidence that growth options accrue value in response to systematic risk, thus increasing credit risk premia.

This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.
Information Disclosure in Contests with Endogenous Entry: An Experiment
Authors: Boosey Luke , Brookins Philip , Ryvkin Dmitry
Published: May 2020

We use a laboratory experiment to study the effects of disclosing the number of active participants in contests with endogenous entry. At the first stage, potential participants decide whether to enter competition, and at the second stage, entrants choose their investments. In a 2[Formula: see text]2 design, we manipulate the size of the outside option, [Formula: see text], and whether the number of entrants is disclosed between the stages. Theory predicts more entry for lower [Formula: see text] and the levels of entry and aggregate investment to be independent of disclosure in all cases. We find empirical entry frequencies decreasing with [Formula: see text]. For aggregate investment, we find no effect of disclosure when [Formula: see text] is low but a strong positive effect of disclosure when [Formula: see text] is high. The difference is driven by substantial overinvestment in contests with a small, publicly known number of players contrasted by more restrained investment in contests in which the number of players is uncertain and may be small. The behavior under disclosure is explained by a combination of joy of winning and entry regret.

This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, decision analysis.
Dynamic Assortment Personalization in High Dimensions
Authors: Kallus Nathan , Udell Madeleine
Published: May 2020

Learning and Earning in High Dimensions: Assortment Personalization Using Low-Rank Preferences
REESTRUTURAÇÃO DO TRABALHO DOCENTE E DESIGUALDADES EDUCACIONAIS EM TEMPOS DE CRISE SANITÁRIA, ECONÔMICA E CIVILIZATÓRIA
Authors: Diniz Nelson
Published: May 2020

De todas as medidas adotadas para conter a pandemia de Covid-19 no Brasil, a suspensão das atividades escolares está entre as de maior impacto. Além do potencial de diminuir drasticamente o movimento e a interação nas grandes metrópoles, essa suspensão impõe uma mudança radical nos modos como a vida é conduzida. Foi nesse contexto que se estabeleceu um intenso debate em torno do que fazer nas circunstâncias de interrupção dessas atividades. Neste artigo, defende-se que as análises dessas circunstâncias devem levar em conta, principalmente, as dinâmicas contemporâneas de reestruturação do trabalho docente e os condicionantes do acesso desigual a oportunidades educacionais no país. Sustenta-se, igualmente, que é necessário ter em vista os componentes fundamentais da crise, ou melhor, das crises que estão em curso, no Brasil e no mundo, e que vão muito além da urgente dimensão sanitária.
DINÂMICA ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL NA DISSEMINAÇÃO DA COVID19 EM NITERÓI (RJ): UMA CONTRIBUIÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA NA FASE INICIAL DA PANDEMIA
Authors: Leal Thiago Dos Santos , Leão Otavio Miguez da Rocha , Barros Rafael Silva de , Rezende Pedro Octávio Bittencourt
Published: May 2020

A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) declarou em janeiro de 2020 que o surto da nova cepa de coronavírus - classificada como SARS-CoV-2 cuja doença denominada como COVID-19 - constitui uma Emergência de Saúde Pública de Importância Internacional. Neste contexto, o presente estudo tem por objetivo elencar as contribuições geográficas no âmbito intrametropolitano da pandemia de COVID-19 na cidade de Niterói-RJ, a partir da dinâmica espaço-temporal e de variabilidade de indicadores sociais. Foram realizados, para os períodos de 11/03/20 a 08/04/20 e de 11/03/20 a 17/04/20, o levantamento de dados acerca da COVID-19, a espacialização dos dados multitemporais no município, por bairro, e uma análise de diferentes critérios - ponderando a densidade de casos, os eixos principais de dispersão, rendimento por bairro, número de idosos por bairro e situação hospitalar - a fim servir como subsídio e auxiliar no desenvovimento de políticas públicas. Como resultado há a indicação entre o período até 08/04/20 e 17/04/20 da tendencia da disseminação seguindo eixos de circulação viária, alta densidade de casos confirmados na região norte e praias da baía do município. O bairro de Icaraí é o maior em número de casos entre 08/04/20 e 17/04/20 apresentou um crescimento de casos confirmados em termos percentuais de 60%.
DISTRIBUIÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA E DIFUSÃO ESPACIAL DO CORONAVÍRUS/COVID-19 NO BURQUINA FASSO (ÁFRICA OCIDENTAL)
Authors: Sodoré Abdoul Azise , Monié Frédéric , Pouya Léonard Pegwendé
Published: May 2020

Resumo. A trajetória da pandemia de Coronavírus/COVID-19 na África subsaariana e em Burquina Fasso seguirá provavelmente o padrão temporal e espacial observado internacionalmente: uma fase contágio comunitário seguirá, com intensidade e impactos variáveis, a importação do vírus do exterior. Neste cenário, Burquina Fasso já se singulariza pela elevada taxa de contaminação da população pelo Coronavírus e de letalidade do COVID-19. O país se diferencia também pela complexidade dos processos de difusão espacial da pandemia que articulam lógicas reticulares e territoriais de contágio em diversas escalas geográficas. Apesar de suas limitações intrínsecas, a teoria da difusão espacial fornece recursos metodológicos que, a condição de incorporar varáveis analíticas adaptadas à compreensão do mundo global contemporâneo, consideramos muito relevantes para o estudo da natureza da cadeia de contágio e dos mecanismos de disseminação do vírus na sociedade e no espaço.Palavras chave: Coronavírus/COVID-19; difusão espacial; África subsaariana; Burquina Fasso
GEOGRAFIA E COVID-19: NEOLIBERALISMO, VULNERABILIDADES E LUTA PELA VIDA
Authors: Bernardes Julia Adão , Arruzzo Roberta Carvalho , Monteiro Daniel Macedo Lopes Vasques
Published: May 2020

No contexto do desenrolar da pandemia de Covid-19, que atinge diversos países do mundo, alguns aspectos das desigualdades socioespaciais se intensificam, resultando na emergência de questões que assolam os novos tempos e no agravamento de diversas vulnerabilidades sociais. Este artigo tem como objetivo trazer reflexões do campo da ciência geográfica, buscando oferecer uma contribuição da Geografia no que tange a uma análise crítica da sociedade e o debate das possibilidades cooperativas, em um mundo do capitalismo globalizado marcado por competitividades. O artigo se propõe a analisar as tendências atuais do neoliberalismo, as conseqüências das desigualdades territoriais na composição do Brasil, levando em consideração o contexto político atual, e as contribuições de uma Geografia que abarca o sentido da luta pela vida advinda da ajuda mútua entre as pessoas. Vale ressaltar que texto foi elaborado durante o período de isolamento social e num momento de aumento dos casos no Brasil, em que pensamos ser útil a exposição e a troca de ideias para a construção de uma Geografia marcada pela proliferação em escala global da Covid-19.
CIVILIZAÇÃO NA ENCRUZILHADA: GLOBALIZAÇÃO PERVERSA, DESIGUALDADES SOCIOESPACIAIS E PANDEMIA
Authors: Cataia Márcio
Published: May 2020

Interrogo o período da globalização a partir das iniquidades que tem promovido em todo o mundo, com especial atenção para a periferia do sistema, e o seu ocaso com a chegada da pandemia do Covid19. Esse exame coloca foco nas variáveis-chave da globalização, a unicidade da técnica, a convergência dos momentos, a cognoscibilidade do planeta e a existência de um motor único, o lucro. Essa força motriz é analisada ao colocar a competitividade no centro da reflexão. Os agentes da globalização são aludidos para a compreensão de suas estratégias de ação na defesa da globalização perversa. Teoricamente tomo a pandemia como um evento geográfico, porque ele é datado e geografizado. Essa geografização é referida à escala de origem, de onde parte o vetor difusor, e à escala de impacto, o lugar, onde o vetor se horizontaliza para promover situações geográficas. As desigualdades sócioespaciais estão no núcleo do debate sobre as situações geográficas, pois o evento Covid19 se horizontaliza sobre espaços herdados impactados pelo neoliberalismo, o que torna a situação única e dramática. Nesse período de transição para uma outra globalização, o Estado da globalização perversa e o Estado de Direito são politicamente confrontados.
Abordagens para a diversidade cultural no currículo de formação de professores de ciências: um estudo de caso
Authors: Amorim Camilla Ferreira , Baptista Geilsa Costa Santos , Carvalho Graça Simões de
Published: May 2020

Apresentamos resultados de um estudo que objetivou caracterizar a formação inicial na Licenciatura em Biologia e em Pedagogia da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana para lidar com a diversidade cultural. Para isto, foram identificadas abordagens da História, Filosofia e Sociologia da Ciência e da Etnobiologia nas disciplinas destes cursos, categorizações e análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam que algumas do total das disciplinas de ambos os cursos possuem as referidas abordagens, sendo 2,98% para Biologia e 2,7% para Pedagogia. Entende-se que estas abordagens não são suficientes e sugerimos uma revisão dos currículos de modo a pontuar aproximações entre os aspectos teóricos trabalhados nos cursos e as vivências das escolas da região com relação à diversidade cultural.
Educação informal e protagonismo indígena na América Latina: uma breve revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Rückert Fabiano Quadros , Moreira Nathalia Claro
Published: May 2020

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em socializar os resultados de uma revisão bibliográfica focada nos conceitos de Educação Informal e Protagonismo Indígena no âmbito da América Latina. Os conceitos apontados são relevantes para o estudo dos saberes indígenas e para a compreensão da relação conflituosa entre o modelo educacional de matriz eurocêntrica e as práticas de ensino e aprendizagem presentes nas culturas nativas da América. Além da análise conceitual, o artigo apresenta duas subseções que descrevem e analisam as particularidades da Educação informal Indígena a partir de dois estudos etnográficos realizados no Peru e na Costa Rica, selecionados pelo refinamento da pesquisa bibliográfica.
A reconfiguração da política de assistência estudantil na Universidade Federal do Acre
Authors: Xavier Silva Adão Rogério , Carvalho Mark Clark Assen de , Gonçalves Rafael Marques
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a reconfiguração da Política de Assistência Estudantil (PAE) na Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), no contexto de execução do Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil (PNAES), tendo como marco de referência o ano de 2013. Como aporte teórico-metodológico, a pesquisa fundamentou-se na Abordagem do Ciclo de Política na perspectiva de Mainardes (2006) referenciado em Ball (1994), cujas fontes primárias de análise foram documentos institucionais. Nesse estudo, os resultados são apresentados por meio do delineamento do contexto da prática. A partir das análises empreendidas, conclui-se que dois foram os elementos externos que influenciaram a reconfiguração da política de assistência estudantil na UFAC, a saber: o financiamento das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES) e as políticas de expansão da oferta do ensino superior nas universidades públicas federais. No que refere ao elemento interno, considerado como movimento inicial do contexto da prática, tem-se a criação de um órgão executivo especifico para gestão/execução das Políticas de Assistência Estudantil, a Pró-Reitoria de Assuntos Estudantis (PROAES), que passará a gerir o conjunto das ações voltadas à materialização da política de assistência estudantil na UFAC.
A universidade em regiões amazônicas: pesquisa, ensino e mudança social
Authors: Lord Lucio Jose Dutra
Published: May 2020

A universidade tem seu papel discutido na atualidade e demandas diversas lhe são dirigidas, gerando desafios para sua consolidação como ator social. No caso da região amazônica os desafios são envoltos por dinâmicas sociais pautadas pela desigualdade, históricos de silenciamentos e discursos legitimadores do exercício do poder. O presente artigo discute estes temas a partir da investigação sobre o papel que a Universidade do Estado do Mato Grosso desenvolveu entre 2006 e 2019 na região da Amazônia mato-grossense por meio de programas de pesquisa e projetos de ensino engajados com a realidade de grupos menos favorecidos. O estudo é de base sociológica e dialoga com perspectivas da análise do discurso e da educação. Como resultado conclui-se que o papel e atuação da universidade depende de condições internas e externas, exigindo análise de conjuntura.
Tarsometatarsal bone remodelling after subtalar arthroereisis
Authors: Braito Matthias , Radlwimmer Maria , Dammerer Dietmar , Hofer-Picout Philipp , Wansch Jürgen , Biedermann Rainer
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Subtalar arthroereisis has been described for the treatment of flexible juvenile flatfoot. However, the mechanism responsible for deformity correction has not yet been investigated adequately. The aim of this study was to document the effect of subtalar arthroereisis on the tarsometatarsal bone morphology.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiological data of 26 patients (45 feet) with juvenile flexible flatfoot deformity treated by subtalar arthroereisis at our department between 2000 and 2018. Radiological evaluation included angular measurements of tarsometatarsal bone morphology as well as hindfoot and midfoot alignment. Mean radiographic follow-up was 19.4 months (sd 8.8; 12 to 41).

Results

A significant change of angular measurements of tarsometatarsal bone morphology was found after subtalar arthroereisis (p < 0.001). While there was an increase of the distal medial cuneiform angle (DMCA) and the medial cuneo-first metatarsal angle on the anteroposterior view, a decrease of the naviculo-medial cuneiform angle and the medial cuneo-first metatarsal angle was seen on the lateral view. Furthermore, we found significant improvements of all hindfoot and midfoot alignment parameters except the lateral tibio-calcaneal angle and the calcaneal pitch angle (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our data support the theory of tarsometatarsal bone remodelling, which may contribute to the effect of subtalar arthroereisis for the treatment of flexible juvenile flatfoot.

Level of evidence

IV
AlGaN-based Schottky barrier deep ultraviolet photodetector grown on Si substrate
Authors: Liang Fangzhou , Feng Meixin , Huang Yingnan , Sun Xiujian , Zhan Xiaoning , Liu Jianxun , Sun Qian , Wang Rongxin , Ge Xiaotian , Ning Jiqiang , Yang Hui
Published: May 2020

This letter reports the influence of material quality and device processing on the performance of AlGaN-based Schottky barrier deep ultraviolet photodetectors grown on Si substrates. The thermal annealing can significantly improve Schottky barrier height and wet chemical etching can effectively remove etching damage. Meanwhile, the decrease of threading dislocation density and the pit size, especially the later, can substantially suppress reverse leakage. As a result, the reverse leakage current density of the as-fabricated deep UV photodetector was reduced down to 3×10−8 A/cm2. Furthermore, the responsivity of the deep UV photodetectors was greatly improved by reducing the point defect concentration.
Detailed analysis of photonic structure in the wing scale of Rajah Brooke’s birdwing butterfly
Authors: Nishiyama Rui , Yoshioka Shinya
Published: May 2020

The male Rajah Brooke’s birdwing butterfly, Trogonoptera brookiana, has black wings with bright green stripes, and the unique microstructure in the wing scales causes wavelength-selective reflection. It has been reported that the reflectance spectrum has several peaks in the visible wavelength range. However, there has been little progress in the interpretation of the spectral shape, and questions remain unanswered. For example, what are the physical origins of the observed reflectance peaks, and how are their wavelengths determined? To answer these questions, we performed a detailed analysis of the photonic structure of the wing scale of Trogonoptera brookiana. The reflectance spectrum also shows strong polarization dependence. This paper describes the analysis for TM polarization, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal ridges on the scale. We first constructed a realistic structural model that reproduced the experimentally determined reflectance spectrum. We then simplified the model and calculated the reflectance spectrum while varying several structural parameters. For three of the four observed spectral peaks, our calculations revealed the reflection paths for constructive interference to explain the peak wavelengths. A possible origin of the fourth peak is discussed. Such detailed understanding of natural photonic structures can inspire optical component design.
Lógica formal, transcendental e especulativa
Authors: Bordignon Michela
Published: May 2020

Este artigo visa esclarecer a relação entre a lógica formal e a lógica especulativa. Esta relação é tal que entre os dois tipos de lógica há um desenvolvimento interno na direção de uma única noção, ou seja, a de forma lógica. Tomarei como ponto de partida a análise da lógica de Wolff e mostrarei que esta é já uma lógica que vai além do sentido meramente formalista dessa disciplina, na medida em que está já voltada para a objetividade. Na viragem transcendental kantiana há, por sua vez, uma tentativa de passar das determinações conceituais abstratas para o desenvolvimento de determinações orientadas para os objetos de conhecimento e, assim, para o conteúdo do próprio conhecimento. Finalmente, o projeto lógico hegeliano é tal que não implica a saída das malhas da rede conceitual da lógica formal e transcendental, mas a investigação dessas malhas de modo a delinear a estrutura interna de cada um dos nós da rede. Mais especificamente, Hegel pretende desenvolver uma noção de forma lógica que não mais é limitada e dependente de um conteúdo externo a ela, porque é uma forma absoluta, ou seja, uma forma capaz de gerar o seu próprio conteúdo através do desenvolvimento da sua dialética imanente.
Effect of Tackifier Addition on Cushion Compound Formulation for Tire Retreading Application
Authors: Wisojodharmo Lies Agustine , Arti Dewi Kusuma , Pravitasari Retna Deca , Hidayat Ade Sholeh , Nisa Aisyah I. , Ariesta Muhammad N.
Published: May 2020

Tire retreading is a prospective industry. Old tires are repaired and retreaded with suitable tread compounds to fulfill the requirement as the new ones. One of the important components in tire retreading process is cushion compound. Cushion compound consists of unsaturated rubber, in this case natural rubber Hevea brasiliensis was used, less phr of filler compared to the retread compound, and additives such as peptizer, tackifier, processing oil, antioxidant, activator, accelerator and curatives. Tackifier is an important component in cushion compound since its role to make a bonding between different layer, the initial tire after buffing and new retread layer. Tackifier should has good resistance, good compatibility and does not affect the rheological and dynamical properties of bonded rubber. The general tackifier that used in industries are hexamethyl tetramine as methylene donor and resorcinol as methylene acceptor. There is certain reaction between those two additives that determine how good the performance of cushion compound and its effect to retreading process. To obtain optimum reaction, comparison between resorcinol and hexamethyl tetramine were varied as 1:1 (FRR1), 1:2 (FRR2) and 1:3 (FRR3). Hardness test, compression test, rebound resilience, tensile and tear strength, and FTIR were done to observe the optimum variation for retread application. Compared to the control with no tackifier at all, FRR2 showed the optimum result with 21.75 MPa (min. 19 Mpa) and 454,54% elongation at break (min. 450%). The most interesting result was observation by using FTIR, it was detected that the crosslink density was significantly higher than other formulation. It is a new breakthrough which is minimum tackifier with certain treatment could give better performance.