bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct Measurements of Dry and Wet Deposition of Black Carbon Over a Grassland
Authors: Emerson Ethan W. , Katich Joseph M. , Schwarz Joshua P. , McMeeking Gavin R. , Farmer Delphine K.
Published: October 2018

The atmospheric lifetime of black carbon (BC) is controlled by wet and dry deposition, which are poorly constrained by observations. We show that the single‐particle soot photometer can measure surface‐atmosphere exchange fluxes of refractory BC (rBC) particle mass (mrBC) and number (NrBC) by eddy covariance. We report field measurements of rBC dry and wet deposition rates during summer 2017 at the Southern Great Plains site in Oklahoma. On average, dry deposition of rBC is 0.3 ± 0.2 mm/s. We estimate a wet deposition flux of 2,600 ng·m−2·hr−1 over the 148.5 mm of rainfall observed. These data indicate a composite lifetime of 7–11 days.
From chip-in-a-lab to lab-on-a-chip: a portable Coulter counter using a modular platform
Authors: Dekker Stefan , Isgor Pelin Kubra , Feijten Tobias , Segerink Loes I. , Odijk Mathieu
Published: October 2018

The field of microfluidics has been struggling to obtain widespread market penetration. In order to overcome this struggle, a standardized and modular platform is introduced and applied. By providing easy-to-fabricate modular building blocks which are compatible with mass manufacturing, we decrease the gap from lab-to-fab. These standardized blocks are used in combination with an application-specific fluidic circuit board. On this board, electrical and fluidic connections are demonstrated by implementing an alternating current Coulter counter. This multipurpose building block is reusable in many applications. In this study, it identifies and counts 6 and 11 μm beads. The system is kept in a credit card-sized footprint, as a result of in-house-developed electronics and standardized building blocks. We believe that this easy-to-fabricate, credit card-sized, modular, and standardized prototype brings us closer to clinical and veterinary applications, because it provides an essential stepping stone to fully integrated point -of -care devices.
MicroRNA-10a promotes granulosa cells tumor development via PTEN-AKT/Wnt regulatory axis
Authors: Tu Jiajie , Cheung Hoi-Hung , Lu Gang , Chen Zijiang , Chan Wai-Yee
Published: October 2018

We have previously reported that microRNA-10 family could disturb normal development of granulosa cells (GC) during follicle formation. In the current study, the effect of miR-10a on granulosa cell tumor (GCT), a subtype of ovarian cancer, was examined. Strong miR-10a signal was detected in tissues from malignant GCT patients. Forced expression of miR-10a significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, ovarian hormone production, and repressed anticancer drug-induced apoptosis in vitro. The oncogenic role of miR-10a was further validated in an orthotopic GCT model in vivo. In addition, by using CRISPR-Cas9 system, the aggressive phenotype was repressed in miR-10a knockout cancer GC. By using a heterotopic mice model, the oncogenic role of miR-10a was confirmed in vivo. RNA-seq, FISH, western blot, luciferase reporter assay were used to identified PTEN, a well-known anti-GCT gene, as direct functional target of miR-10a in cancer GC; Akt and Wnt were also found as two associated oncogenic pathways of miR-10a in cancer GC. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the miR-10a could promote GCT development via synergistically regulating PTEN, Akt, and Wnt pathways.
Generation of axenic Aedes aegypti demonstrate live bacteria are not required for mosquito development
Authors: Correa Maria A. , Matusovsky Brian , Brackney Doug E. , Steven Blaire
Published: October 2018

The mosquito gut microbiome plays an important role in mosquito development and fitness, providing a promising avenue for novel mosquito control strategies. Here we present a method for rearing axenic (bacteria free) Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, consisting of feeding sterilized larvae on agar plugs containing a high concentration of liver and yeast extract. This approach allows for the complete development to adulthood while maintaining sterility; however, axenic mosquito’s exhibit delayed development time and stunted growth in comparison to their bacterially colonized cohorts. These data challenge the notion that live microorganisms are required for mosquito development, and suggest that the microbiota’s main role is nutritional. Furthermore, we colonize axenic mosquitoes with simplified microbial communities ranging from a single bacterial species to a three-member community, demonstrating the ability to control the composition of the microbiota. This axenic system will allow the systematic manipulation of the mosquito microbiome for a deeper understanding of microbiota-host interactions.
Temporal trends analysis of human brucellosis incidence in mainland China from 2004 to 2018
Authors: Wang Yongbin , Xu Chunjie , Zhang Shengkui , Wang Zhende , Zhu Ying , Yuan Juxiang
Published: October 2018

With the re-emergence of brucellosis in mainland China since the mid-1990s, an increasing threat to public health tends to become even more violent, advanced warning plays a pivotal role in the control of brucellosis. However, a model integrating the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) with Error-Trend-Seasonal (ETS) methods remains unexplored in the epidemiological prediction. The hybrid ARIMA-ETS model based on discrete wavelet transform was hence constructed to assess the epidemics of human brucellosis from January 2004 to February 2018 in mainland China. The preferred hybrid model including the best-performing ARIMA method for approximation-forecasting and the best-fitting ETS approach for detail-forecasting is evidently superior to the standard ARIMA and ETS techniques in both three in-sample simulating and out-of-sample forecasting horizons in terms of the minimum performance indices of the root mean square error, mean absolute error, mean error rate and mean absolute percentage error. Whereafter, an ahead prediction from March to December in 2018 displays a dropping trend compared to the preceding years. But being still present, in various trends, in the present or future. This hybrid model can be highlighted in predicting the temporal trends of human brucellosis, which may act as the potential for far-reaching implications for prevention and control of this disease.
Design-Considerations regarding Silicon/Graphite and Tin/Graphite Composite Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Otero Manuel , Heim Christopher , Leiva Ezequiel P. M. , Wagner Norbert , Friedrich Andreas
Published: October 2018

An analytical model is proposed to investigate properties of composite electrodes that utilize more than one active material. We demonstrate how the equations can be applied to aid in the design of electrodes by comparing silicon-graphite and tin-graphite composite negative electrodes as examples with practical relevance. Based on simple assumptions, the results show how volume expansion tolerance and initial porosity are important factors for the achievable gravimetric and volumetric capacities as well as volumetric energy density. A Si-alloy/graphite composite electrode is used as an experimental system to corroborate the formulated analysis. Kinetic limitations are also addressed based on a novel heuristic approach.
Towards high-energy, high-resolution computed tomography via a laser driven micro-spot gamma-ray source
Authors: Wu Y. C. , Zhu B. , Li G. , Zhang X. H. , Yu M. H. , Dong K. G. , Zhang T. K. , Yang Y. , Bi B. , Yang J. , Yan Y. H. , Tan F. , Fan W. , Lu F. , Wang S. Y. , Zhao Z. Q. , Zhou W. M. , Cao L. F. , Gu Y. Q.
Published: October 2018

Computed Tomography (CT) is a powerful method for non-destructive testing (NDT) and metrology awakes with expanding application fields. To improve the spatial resolution of high energy CT, a micro-spot gamma-ray source based on bremsstrahlung from a laser wakefield accelerator was developed. A high energy CT using the source was performed, which shows that the resolution of reconstruction can reach 100 μm at 10% contrast. Our proof-of-principle demonstration indicates that laser driven micro-spot gamma-ray sources provide a prospective way to increase the spatial resolution and toward to high energy micro CT. Due to the advantage in spatial resolution, laser based high energy CT represents a large potential for many NDT applications.
Missing elimination via membrane vesicle shedding contributes to the diminished calcium sensitivity of listeriolysin O
Authors: Maurer Jana , Hupp Sabrina , Pillich Helena , Mitchell Timothy J. , Chakraborty Trinad , Iliev Asparouh I.
Published: October 2018

The lytic capacity of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins is enhanced in the extracellular calcium-free environment through a combination of limited membrane repair and diminished membrane toxin removal. For a typical neurotoxin of the group, pneumolysin, this effect has already been observed at reduced (1 mM) calcium conditions, which are pathophysiologically relevant. Here, we tested another neurotoxin of the group, listeriolysin O from L. monocytogenes, active in the primary vacuole after bacterium phagocytosis in host cells. Reduced calcium did not increase the lytic capacity of listeriolysin (in contrast to pneumolysin), while calcium-free conditions elevated it 2.5 times compared to 10 times for pneumolysin (at equivalent hemolytic capacities). To clarify these differences, we analyzed membrane vesicle shedding, known to be a calcium-dependent process for toxin removal from eukaryotic cell membranes. Both pneumolysin and listeriolysin initiated vesicle shedding, which was completely blocked by the lack of extracellular calcium. Lack of calcium, however, elevated the toxin load per a cell only for pneumolysin and not for listeriolysin. This result indicates that vesicle shedding does not play a role in the membrane removal of listeriolysin and outlines a major difference between it and other members of the CDC group. Furthermore, it provides new tools for studying membrane vesicle shedding.
More evening preference is positively associated with systemic inflammation in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Nimitphong Hataikarn , Mahattanapreut Apichana , Chailurkit La-or , Saetung Sunee , Siwasaranond Nantaporn , Sumritsopak Rungtip , Anothaisintawee Thunyarat , Thakkinstian Ammarin , Dugas Lara R. , Layden Brian T. , Reutrakul Sirimon
Published: October 2018

Currently it is not known whether morningness-eveningness preference in non-night shift working population is associated with systemic inflammation. This study investigated the relationship between morningness-eveningness and systemic inflammation, as measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in 163 non-night shift working patients with abnormal glucose tolerance (86 type 2 diabetes and 77 prediabetes). Morningness-eveningness was assessed by Composite Scale of Morningness, and participants were screened for Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Sleep duration, efficiency, and variability were obtained using actigraphy, and depressive symptoms and dietary patterns were also captured. Participants’ mean age was 54.7 ± 10.4 years and median hs-CRP was 1.39 (interquartile range 0.82, 3.33) mg/L. More evening preference was significantly associated with higher natural log transformed (ln) hs-CRP (B = −0.051, p = 0.001). Diabetes status, glycemic control, OSA severity, sleep duration, caloric consumption and timing were not related to hs-CRP. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, depressive symptoms, sleep efficiency, sleep variability, percentage of daily caloric intake from protein, and statin use, more evening preference was independently associated with higher ln hs-CRP (B = −0.032, p = 0.014). In summary, in non-night shift working patients with abnormal glucose tolerance, more evening preference was independently associated with higher systemic inflammation. This finding underscore the importance of circadian regulation on cardiovascular health.
Author Correction: Transplanted miR-219-overexpressing oligodendrocyte precursor cells promoted remyelination and improved functional recovery in a chronic demyelinated model
Authors: Fan Hong-Bin , Chen Li-Xia , Qu Xue-Bin , Ren Chuan-Lu , Wu Xiu-Xiang , Dong Fu-Xing , Zhang Bao-Le , Gao Dian-Shuai , Yao Rui-Qin
Published: October 2018

A correction has been published and is appended to both the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
In Vivo Imaging Markers for Prediction of Radiotherapy Response in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: RESOLVE DWI versus DKI
Authors: Huang Wei-Yuan , Li Meng-Meng , Lin Shao-Min , Chen Feng , Yang Kai , Zhu Xiao-Lei , Wu Gang , Li Jian-Jun
Published: October 2018

In this prospective study, we compared the performance of readout segmentation of long variable echo trains of diffusion-weighted imaging (RESOLVE DWI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) for the prediction of radiotherapy response in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Forty-one patients with NPC were evaluated. All patients underwent conventional MRI, RESOLVE DWI and DKI, before and after radiotherapy. All patients underwent conventional MRI every 3 months until 1 year after radiotherapy. The patients were divided into response group (RG; 36/41 patients) and no-response group (NRG; 5/41 patients) based on follow-up results. DKI (the mean of kurtosis coefficient, Kmean and the mean of diffusion coefficient, Dmean) and RESOLVE DWI (the minimum apparent diffusion coefficient, ADCmin) parameters were calculated. Parameter values at the pre-treatment period, post-treatment period, and the percentage change between these 2 periods were obtained. All parameters differed between the RG and NRG groups except for the pretreatment Dmean and ADCmin. Kmean-post was considered as an independent predictor of local control, with 87.5% sensitivity and 91.3% specificity (optimal threshold = 0.30, AUC: 0.924; 95% CI, 0.83–1.00). Kmean-post values of DKI have the potential to be used as imaging biomarkers for the early evaluation of treatment effects of radiotherapy on NPC.
Protein-Engineered Large Area Adipose-derived Stem Cell Sheets for Wound Healing
Authors: Na Jongbeom , Song Seung Yong , Kim Jae Dong , Han Minsu , Heo June Seok , Yang Chae Eun , Kim Hyun Ok , Lew Dae Hyun , Kim Eunkyoung
Published: October 2018

Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) formed robust cell sheets by engineering the cells with soluble cell adhesive molecules (CAMs), which enabled unique approaches to harvest large area hADSC sheets. As a soluble CAM, fibronectin (FN) (100 pg/ml) enhanced the cell proliferation rate and control both cell-to-cell and cell-to-substrate interactions. Through this engineering of FN, a transferrable hADSC sheet was obtained as a free-stranding sheet (122.6 mm2) by a photothermal method. During the harvesting of hADSC sheets by the photothermal method, a collagen layer in-between cells and conductive polymer film (CP) was dissociated, to protect cells from direct exposure to a near infrared (NIR) source. The hADSC sheets were applied to chronic wound of genetically diabetic db/db mice in vivo, to accelerate 30% faster wound closure with a high closure effect (εwc) than that of control groups. These results indicated that the engineering of CAM and collagens allow hADSC sheet harvesting, which could be extended to engineer various stem cell sheets for efficient therapies.
Calcite moonmilk of microbial origin in the Etruscan Tomba degli Scudi in Tarquinia, Italy
Authors: Cirigliano Angela , Tomassetti Maria Cristina , Di Pietro Marta , Mura Francesco , Maneschi Maria Lorella , Gentili Maria Donatella , Cardazzo Barbara , Arrighi Chiara , Mazzoni Cristina , Negri Rodolfo , Rinaldi Teresa
Published: October 2018

A white deposit covering the walls in the Stanza degli Scudi of the Tomba degli Scudi, Tarquinia, Italy, has been investigated. In this chamber, which is still preserved from any kind of intervention such as cleaning and sanitization, ancient Etruscans painted shields to celebrate the military power of the Velcha family. Scanning electron microscopy analysis has revealed the presence of characteristic nanostructures corresponding to a calcite secondary mineral deposit called moonmilk. Analysis of the microbial community identified Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria as the most common phyla in strong association with the moonmilk needle fibre calcite and nanofibers of calcium carbonate. Employing classical microbiological analysis, we isolated from moonmilk a Streptomyces strain able to deposit gypsum and calcium carbonate on plates, supporting the hypothesis of an essential contribution of microorganisms to the formation of moonmilk.
NADPH oxidase NOX4 is a glycolytic regulator through mROS-HIF1α axis in thyroid carcinomas
Authors: Tang Ping , Dang Hao , Huang Jie , Xu Tao , Yuan Ping , Hu Jun , Sheng Jian-feng
Published: October 2018

The function of the NAD(P)H oxidases (NOXs) family member NOX4 is to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), however, the molecular function of NOX4 has not been fully studied and waiting to be clarified. To elucidate the function of endogenous Nox4 in human thyroid carcinomas, papillomatosis thyroid cancer cells were used to study the cell growth by knocking down the expression of NOX4 and knocking out its functional partner p22phox/CYBA. As a result, the increasement of mitochondrial ROS(mROS) was abolished due to both knockdown of NOX4 and p22phox knockout in hypoxia, which destabilized HIF1α decreasing glycolysis and retarded cell growth. These data suggests that Nox4 is potent oncotarget due to its role in regulating glycolysis through mROS-HIF1α pathway, thereby mediating proliferation in thyroid carcinomas.
Improving the electron spin properties of nitrogen-vacancy centres in nanodiamonds by near-field etching
Authors: Brandenburg F. , Nagumo R. , Saichi K. , Tahara K. , Iwasaki T. , Hatano M. , Jelezko F. , Igarashi R. , Yatsui T.
Published: October 2018

The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond is a promising candidate for quantum computing applications and magnetic sensing applications, because it is an atomic-scale defect with stable coherence time (T2) and reliable accessibility at room temperature. We demonstrated a method for improving the NV spin properties (the full width half maximum (FWHM) value of the magnetic resonance spectrum and T2) through a near-field (NF) etching method under ambient conditions. The NF etching method, based on a He-Cd ultraviolet laser (325 nm), which is longer than the absorption edge of the oxygen molecule, enabled selective removal of defects on the nanodiamond surface. We observed a decrease in the FWHM value close to 15% and an increase in T2 close to 25%. Since our technique can be easily reproduced, a wide range of NV centre applications could be improved, especially magnetic sensing applications. Our results are especially attractive, because they have been obtained under ambient conditions and only require a light source with wavelength slightly above the O2 absorption edge.
Transcriptomic and functional network features of lung squamous cell carcinoma through integrative analysis of GEO and TCGA data
Authors: Li Yin , Gu Jie , Xu Fengkai , Zhu Qiaoliang , Ge Di , Lu Chunlai
Published: October 2018

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is associated with poor clinical prognosis and lacks available targeted therapy. Novel molecules are urgently required for the diagnosis and prognosis of LUSC. Here, we conducted our data mining analysis for LUSC by integrating the differentially expressed genes acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database by comparing tumor tissues versus normal tissues (GSE8569, GSE21933, GSE33479, GSE33532, GSE40275, GSE62113, GSE74706) into The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database which includes 502 tumors and 49 adjacent non-tumor lung tissues. We identified intersections of 129 genes (91 up-regulated and 38 down-regulated) between GEO data and TCGA data. Based on these genes, we conducted our downstream analysis including functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and survival analysis. This study may provide more insight into the transcriptomic and functional features of LUSC through integrative analysis of GEO and TCGA data and suggests therapeutic targets and biomarkers for LUSC.
Predicting malignant progression in clinically high-risk lesions by DNA ploidy analysis and dysplasia grading
Authors: Zaini Zuraiza Mohamad , McParland Helen , Møller Henrik , Husband Kate , Odell Edward W.
Published: October 2018

The value of image cytometry DNA ploidy analysis and dysplasia grading to predict malignant transformation has been determined in oral lesions considered to be at ‘high’ risk on the basis of clinical information and biopsy result. 10-year follow up data for 259 sequential patients with oral lesions clinically at ‘high’ risk of malignant transformation were matched to cancer registry and local pathology database records of malignant outcomes, ploidy result and histological dysplasia grade. In multivariate analysis (n = 228 patients), 24 developed carcinoma and of these, 14 prior biopsy samples were aneuploid. Aneuploidy was a significant predictor (hazard ratio 7.92; 95% CI 3.45, 18.17) compared with diploidy (p < 0.001). The positive predictive value (PPV) for severe dysplasia was 50% (95% CI 31.5, 68.5) and for aneuploid lesions, 33.3% (95% CI 19.0, 47.6). Combined DNA aneuploidy and severe dysplasia increased PPV to 56.3% (95% CI 31.9, 80.6). Diploid-tetraploid and non-dysplastic status had high negative predictive values (NPV) of 94.6% (95% CI 91.4, 97.8) and 99.17% (95% CI 97.4, 100.8) respectively. DNA ploidy predicts malignant transformation well and combining it with dysplasia grading gave the highest predictive value. The predictive values reported here exceed those from other investigations to date.
Publisher Correction: Massively parallel sequencing of cell-free DNA in plasma for detecting gynaecological tumour-associated copy number alteration
Authors: Nakabayashi Makoto , Kawashima Akihiro , Yasuhara Rika , Hayakawa Yosuke , Miyamoto Shingo , Iizuka Chiaki , Sekizawa Akihiko
Published: October 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Clinical Manifestations and Ophthalmic Outcomes of Ocular Syphilis at a Time of Re-Emergence of the Systemic Infection
Authors: Furtado João M. , Arantes Tiago E. , Nascimento Heloisa , Vasconcelos-Santos Daniel V. , Nogueira Natalia , Queiroz Rafael de Pinho , Brandão Luana P. , Bastos Thaís , Martinelli Ricardo , Santana Rodrigo C. , Muccioli Cristina , Belfort Rubens , Smith Justine R.
Published: October 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Liberation of recalcitrant cell wall sugars from oak barrels into bourbon whiskey during aging
Authors: Gollihue Jarrad , Richmond Mitchell , Wheatley Harlen , Pook Victoria G. , Nair Meera , Kagan Isabelle A. , DeBolt Seth
Published: October 2018

Oak barrels have been used by humans for thousands of years to store and transport valuable materials. Early settlers of the United States in Kentucky began charring the interior of new white oak barrels prior to aging distillate to create the distinctively flavored spirit we know as bourbon whiskey. Despite the unique flavor and cultural significance of “America’s Spirit”, little is known about the wood-distillate interaction that shapes bourbon whiskey. Here, we employed an inverse method to measure the loss of specific wood polysaccharides in the oak cask during aging for up to ten years. We found that the structural cell wall wood biopolymer, cellulose, was partially decrystallized by the charring process. This pyrolytic fracturing and subsequent exposure to the distillate was accompanied by a steady loss of sugars from the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions of the oak cask. Distinct layers of structural degradation and product release from within the barrel stave are formed over time as the distillate expands into and contracts from the barrel staves. This complex, wood-sugar release process is likely associated with the time-dependent generation of the unique palate of bourbon whiskey.
Rhythmic fluctuations of saccadic reaction time arising from visual competition
Authors: Chota Samson , Luo Canhuang , Crouzet Sébastien M. , Boyer Léa , Kienitz Ricardo , Schmid Michael Christoph , VanRullen Rufin
Published: October 2018

Recent research indicates that attentional stimulus selection could be a rhythmic process. In monkey, neurons in V4 and IT exhibit rhythmic spiking activity in the theta range in response to a stimulus. When two stimuli are presented together, the rhythmic neuronal responses to each occur in anti-phase, a result indicative of competitive interactions. In addition, it was recently demonstrated that these alternating oscillations in monkey V4 modulate the speed of saccadic responses to a target flashed on one of the two competing stimuli. Here, we replicate a similar behavioral task in humans (7 participants, each performed 4000 trials) and report a pattern of results consistent with the monkey findings: saccadic response times fluctuate in the theta range (6 Hz), with opposite phase for targets flashed on distinct competing stimuli.
Endothelial cells release cardioprotective exosomes that may contribute to ischaemic preconditioning
Authors: Davidson Sean M. , Riquelme Jaime A. , Zheng Ying , Vicencio Jose M. , Lavandero Sergio , Yellon Derek M.
Published: October 2018

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes are nano-sized vesicles that carry proteins and miRNAs and can transmit signals between cells. We hypothesized that exosomes from endothelial cells can transmit protective signals to cardiomyocytes. Co-culture of primary adult rat cardiomyocytes with normoxic HUVEC cells separated by a cell-impermeable membrane reduced the percentage of cardiomyocyte death following simulated ischaemia and reperfusion (sIR) from 80 ± 11% to 51 ± 4% (P < 0.05; N = 5). When EVs were removed from the HUVEC-conditioned medium it was no longer protective. Exosomes were purified from HUVEC-conditioned medium using differential centrifugation and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. Pre-incubation of cardiomyocytes with HUVEC exosomes reduced the percentage of cell death after sIR from 88 ± 4% to 55 ± 3% (P < 0.05; N = 3). This protection required ERK1/2 activity as it was prevented by inhibitors PD98059 and U0126. Ischaemic preconditioning caused about ~3-fold higher rate of exosome production from HUVEC and from isolated, perfused rat hearts. This increase resulted in significantly greater protection against sIR in cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, exosomes released from endothelial cells can confer resistance to sIR injury in cardiomyocytes via the activation of the ERK1/2 MAPK signalling pathway, and may contribute to IPC.
Zeolite and Silica-based CO2 Adsorbents
Authors: Laugel Guillaume , Bingre Rogeria , Louis Benoît
Published: October 2018

The ever-increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere leading to global warming is one of the main problems that mankind has to face in the 21st century. To avoid the fact that sooner or later humanity will directly start to suffer from it, there is an urgent need to reduce the CO2 level by capturing it at the main sources of emissions such as coal-fired power plants and even better by trying to sequestrate it directly from air. Current post-combustion technologies based on strong chemical binding like scrubbing are barely reversible and therefore induce a high energy penalty. Physical binding by adsorption on nanostructured porous materials have become a smart alternative but a loss in selectivity, due to the presence of nitrogen, oxygen and water, has to be overcome. Zeolites and silicates, preferably modified by alkali cations, have been the focus of tremendous attention as low-temperature CO2 sorbents due to their high CO2 capture capacity, low regeneration temperature, relatively good stability and moderate cost. With the rapid development of these promising CO2 sorbent materials, a timely review is warranted. In this chapter, we critically summarize the performance of alkali-silicates, amine-grafted silicates, clays and zeolites. We hope this chapter can inspire and guide researchers from a wide range of backgrounds and help to pave the way for major breakthroughs in both fundamental and industrial studies in the field.
Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)-based CO2 Adsorbents
Authors: Puthiaraj Pillaiyar , Lee Yu-Ri , Ravi Seenu , Zhang Siqian , Ahn Wha-Seung
Published: October 2018

Rising CO2 levels in the atmosphere resulting from fossil fuel combustion is one of the most significant global environmental concerns. Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), primarily post-combustion CO2 capture, is an essential research area to reduce CO2 levels and avoid environmental destabilization. Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been attracting attention in the scientific community for potential applications in gas storage and separation, including CCS, owing to their novel properties, such as a large surface area, tunable pore shape and size, and tailored chemical functionality. This chapter starts with a brief introduction about the significance of CO2 adsorption and separation, followed by how MOF-based research endeavors were initiated and explored, and why MOFs are unique for gas adsorption. Secondly, we reviewed the relationship between CO2 adsorption and MOF properties including surface area, pore size and volume, amine functionality, nature of linkers, and structural flexibility, and analyzed the reported data based on the possible adsorption mechanism. The humidity effects on CO2 capture over MOFs and implementation of MOF composites were considered as well. Finally, some conclusions on the status of the developed MOFs and perspectives for future research on MOFs for the practical application of CO2 adsorption and separation were mentioned.
The effect of electrostatic field on the catalytic properties of platinum clusters confined in zeolite for hydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Zhiyang , Li Yanle , Gu Jing , Ding Liping , Xue Nianhua , Peng Luming , Guo Xuefeng , Zhu Yan , Ma Jing , Ding Weiping
Published: October 2018

The catalytic properties of Ptn clusters confined in X-zeolite cages are tuned by the zeolitic field. The Fermi levels of the Ptn clusters influence the activity of hydrogenation reactions and this is extremely important for the design of novel catalysts.
Nanosized (Ni1−xZnx)Fe2O4for water oxidation
Authors: Mehrabani Somayeh , Singh Jitendra Pal , Bagheri Robabeh , Wattoo Abdul Ghafar , Song Zhenlun , Chae Keun Hwa , Najafpour Mohammad Mahdi
Published: October 2018

Nanosized (Ni1−xZnx)Fe2O4is a good catalyst for water oxidation under alkaline conditions.
Multimerization of DAB-1 onto Au GNPs affords new potent and selective N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS) inhibitors
Authors: Matassini C. , Vanni C. , Goti A. , Morrone A. , Marradi M. , Cardona F.
Published: October 2018

Gold glyconanoparticles (Au GNPs) decorated with the natural iminosugar DAB-1 at different densities are reported.
Regiospecific construction of diverse and polyfunctionalized γ-pyrone cores by indium(iii)-catalyzed annulation of diazodicarbonyls with active methylenes, 4-hydroxycoumarins, or 4-hydroxyquinolinone
Authors: Maezono Shizuka Mei Bautista , Park Ga Eul , Lee Yong Rok
Published: October 2018

An efficient and novel annulation protocol for the construction of diverse and polyfunctionalized γ-pyrones via an InBr3-catalyzed reaction is described.
Stereoselective degradation behaviour of carfentrazone-ethyl and its metabolite carfentrazone in soils
Authors: Duan Jinsheng , Gao Beibei , Dong Xu , Sun Mingna , Shen Yang , Zhang Zhaoxian , Gao Tongchun , Wang Minghua
Published: October 2018

R-(+)-carfentrazone-ethyl and S-(+)-carfentrazone was found to be degraded preferentially in the Jiangxi, Jilin and Anhui soils for the first time.
The evolution of the M1 local structure during preparation of VMoNbTeO catalysts for ethane oxidative dehydrogenation to ethylene
Authors: Kardash T. Yu , Lazareva E. V. , Svintsitskiy D. A. , Ishchenko A. V. , Bondareva V. M. , Neder R. B.
Published: October 2018

High sensitivity of the VMoNbTe-based catalyst structure to the preparation conditions is caused by the non-equilibrium character of its crystallization.
Inkjet printing of energetic composites with high density
Authors: Xu Chuanhao , An Chongwei , Long Yanling , Li Qianbing , Guo Hao , Wang Shuang , Wang Jingyu
Published: October 2018

To explore a new manufacturing method in preparing energetic composites, an inkjet printing device possessing the ability of high precision and flexibility was utilized to deposit six 3,4-dinitrofurazanofuroxan and hexogen based explosive inks.
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of polypeptides in neat 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane solvent
Authors: Aguirre-Díaz Isabel S. , Montiel Carmina , Bustos-Jaimes Ismael , Medina-Gonzalez Yaocihuatl , Tecante Alberto , Gimeno Miquel
Published: October 2018

Chemoenzymatic polypeptide synthesis offers several advantages over chemical or other biological routes, however, the use of aqueous-based media suffers from reverse hydrolysis reactions that challenge peptide chain propagation.
Preparation and evaluation of poly(ester-urethane) urea/gelatin nanofibers based on different crosslinking strategies for potential applications in vascular tissue engineering
Authors: Wang Yao , Zhu Tonghe , Kuang Haizhu , Sun Xiaoning , Zhu Jingjing , Shi Yu , Wang Chunsheng , Mo Xiumei , Lu Shuyang , Hong Tao
Published: October 2018

SEM micrographs of the PEUU nanofibrous membrane, PU75 nanofibrous membrane, PU75-DT nanofibrous membrane, PU75-GA nanofibrous membrane, and PU75-E/N nanofibrous membrane and magnified 1000, 5000, and 10 000 times, respectively.
Chemomechanical behaviors of layered cathode materials in alkali metal ion batteries
Authors: Xu Zhengrui , Rahman Muhammad Mominur , Mu Linqin , Liu Yijin , Lin Feng
Published: October 2018

This review summarizes the recent progress in characterizing, understanding, and modifying the chemomechanical properties of layered oxide cathode materials.
Molybdenum carbide chemical sensors with ultrahigh signal-to-noise ratios and ambient stability
Authors: Cho Soo-Yeon , Kim Ju Ye , Kwon Ohmin , Kim Jihan , Jung Hee-Tae
Published: October 2018

In this study, we investigate the gas sensing performance of molybdenum carbides for the first time and they show ultra-high signal-to-noise ratios and excellent ambient stability.
High-performance all-solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries with sulfur/carbon nano-hybrids in a composite cathode
Authors: Zhang Yibo , Liu Ting , Zhang Qinghua , Zhang Xue , Wang Shuo , Wang Xinzhi , Li Liangliang , Fan Li-Zhen , Nan Ce-Wen , Shen Yang
Published: October 2018

The shuttle effect poses great challenges to the safety and cycle lifetime of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries.
Cadmium(ii) coordination polymers based on 2-(4-((E)-2-(pyridine-2-yl)vinyl)styryl)pyridine and dicarboxylate ligands as fluorescent sensors for TNP
Authors: Zhang Xiu-Du , Hua Ji-Ai , Guo Jin-Han , Zhao Yue , Sun Wei-Yin
Published: October 2018

Three novel coordination polymers have been synthesized based on Cd(ii) and 2-(4-((E)-2-(pyridine-2-yl)vinyl)styryl)pyridine by employing different carboxylic acids as auxiliary ligands. All of them can function as fluorescent sensors for TNP with high sensitivity, selectivity and recyclability.
Mitochondrial quality control and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Gao Fei , Zhang Jianmin
Published: October 2018

Mitochondria homeostasis is sustained by the mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system, which is crucial for cellular health, especially in the maintenance of functional mitochondria. A healthy mitochondria network is essential for life as it regulates cellular metabolism processes, particularly ATP production. Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are two highly integrated processes in MQC system that determines whether damaged mitochondria will be repaired or degraded. Neurons are highly differentiated cells which demand high energy consumption. Therefore, compromised MQC processes and the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria may be the main cause of neuronal death and lead to neurodegeneration. Here, we focus on the inseparable relationship of mitochondria dynamics and mitophagy and how their dysfunction may lead to neurodegenerative diseases.
Rates of Typical Disfluency in the Conversational Speech of 30-Month-Old Spanish–English Simultaneous Bilinguals
Authors: Brundage Shelley B. , Rowe Hannah
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the typical disfluency rates at 30 months old in a large group of simultaneous bilingual children and also investigate the relationships between disfluency rates and linguistic complexity (mean length of utterance in words [MLU-W]), vocabulary diversity (VocD), and speaking rate (utterances per unit time).

Method

Fifty-three typically developing children who had been exposed to Spanish and English from birth participated in this descriptive study. The average percent input at home was 46% in English and 54% in Spanish. Outside the home, the children averaged 9 hr of exposure per week in each language. Spontaneous speech samples in both languages were obtained during play sessions between the children and a parent.

Results

Nonparametric tests revealed a significant difference in typical disfluency rates across languages, with more children being disfluent in English and with a larger range of disfluency rates in English. The effect size for this difference was small. The children had significantly higher MLU-W in English; there were no differences in VocD or speaking rate between the 2 languages. Typical disfluency rate in Spanish was not significantly correlated with MLU-W, VocD, or speaking rate. Typical disfluency rates in English were correlated with MLU-W and VocD, but not with speaking rate.

Conclusion

This article described the typical disfluency rates of a large group of simultaneous Spanish–English bilingual children at 30 months of age. The typical disfluency rates reported here are lower than those reported in the literature for monolingual children of similar ages. Clinical implications of these findings are addressed.
The Role of Narratives in the Development of Stuttering as a Problem
Authors: O'Dwyer Mary , Walsh Irene P. , Leahy Margaret M.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Narratives are how people make sense of experiences and give meaning to their lives (Bruner, 1990). Use of narrative therapy (White, 2007) with people who stutter to facilitate the development of preferred stories (as opposed to problem-based stories) has been documented in the literature (Logan, 2013; Ryan, O'Dwyer, & Leahy, 2015). The purpose of this research was to explore the role of narratives in the development of stuttering as a problem for people who stutter. This research sought to describe how these narratives develop and to identify the factors that influence this development.

Method

Narratives from 6 men who stutter were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the “Listening Guide” (Brown & Gilligan, 1992). This is a voice-centered relational method.

Results

Findings indicate interaction between participants' narratives about stuttering and their wider self-narratives. Influencing factors identified include relationships, thoughts and feelings, and the dominant stories about stuttering in relevant social structures. An individual's consciousness of these influences was found to be integral to change in their narratives.

Conclusions

The findings point to the importance of considering the environment, including significant relationships and social structures, in our understanding of stuttering. They also provide insights regarding intrapersonal and interpersonal processes, which can influence the development of stuttering or pave the way to stuttering becoming less problematic for the person who stutters.
Damped dynamic response of strengthened beams by composite coats under moving force by FEM
Authors: Chemami Abdennacer , Khadri Youcef , Tekili Sabiha , Daya El Mostafa , Daouadji Ali , Azari Zitouni
Published: October 2018

This paper presents a numerical study of the free and damped forced vibration of simply-supported beams with composite coats subjected to a moving load by use of finite elements method. Three types of beam configurations, aluminum, composite and strengthened beam are investigated. The equation of motion of the beam is solved using the modal superposition method and integrated by applying the Newmark time integration procedure. Good agreements were achieved between the FEM and analytical solutions. The damped dynamic response, critical velocities and the dynamic amplification factor of the beam are calculated for different parameters such as the thickness ratio, the fiber orientation of the coat and damping ratio.
Changes occurring in chemical composition and oxidative stability of virgin olive oil during storage
Authors: Ghanbari Shendi Esmaeil , Sivri Ozay Dilek , Ozkaya Mucahit Taha , Ustunel Nimeti Feyza
Published: October 2018

In present study, “Saurani” Turkish olive monocultivar extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) was extracted by using Mobile Olive Oil Processing Unit (MOOPU)” (TEM Oliomio 500-2GV, Italy). Free fatty acid content, peroxide value, moisture content and UV absorbance value, minor and major components and quality characteristics changes were surveyed during a year storage. “Saurani” olive oil samples weren’t categorized as EVOO according to the trade standards of International Olive Council (IOC) based on peroxide value, UV absorbance values after five and two months of storing, respectively. Free fatty acid content of VOO samples increased during 12 months’ storage, but it was under the IOC limitation for extra virgin olive oil (< 0.8%). According to the results, color values of VOO changed from green to yellow while UV absorbance values altered during storage. Total phenol content decreased from 342.95 to 252.42 ppm in EVOO samples during a year storage time. Luteolin was the most abundant phenolic compound and its decrement was 10%. Tyrosol content of VOO samples increased from 2.80 to 8.81 ppm. Except tyrosol, other phenolic compounds’ concentration decreased after a year storage time. α-tocopherol contents of VOO sample were 324.60 ppm. After 12 months of storage, about 20.48% of α-tocopherol content was destroyed. Amounts of phenolic and tocopherol isomers decreased during storage as expected. Results of this study showed that chemical composition and oxidative stability of VOO samples changed significantly.
Meine Erfahrung mit einem Journal Club – Suchen, diskutieren, anwenden
Authors: Truckses Sonja
Published: October 2018

Klinische Studien zu verstehen und wichtige Erkenntnisse in den Praxisalltag zu übernehmen, ist herausfordernd, weiß Physiotherapeutin Sonja Truckses. Ihr hilft dabei der Journal Club in ihrer Praxis. Dort diskutiert sie mit ihren Kollegen aktuelle Untersuchungen und Patientenfälle – davon profitieren alle und bleiben fachlich up to date.
Funktionelles Training mit dem CLX-Band – Die Masche mit der Schlaufe
Authors: Jürgen Förster
Published: October 2018

Beim Üben mit dem elastischen Band gilt das Prinzip des progressiven Widerstands: Je weiter der Übende das Band dehnt, desto mehr Kraft muss er aufwenden. Der Kraftaufbau verläuft theoretisch linear, hängt in der Praxis jedoch vor allem vom Drehmoment ab. Dieser weist von Anfang bis Ende einer Übung einen aufsteigenden/absteigenden Kurvenverlauf auf, ähnlich wie beim menschlichen Muskel in Bezug auf ein bestimmtes Gelenk. Auch das CLX-Band macht sich diesen physiologischen Ablauf in der Therapie zunutze.
Synchronized Pedaling with Martial Arts Improves Quality of Life of Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Navarro-Sanz Ana , Espejo-Reina Alejandro , Cerezo-Guzman Maria , Fernandez-Ortega Juan , Meza-Leiva Hector , Conejo-Tirado Inmaculada , Santiago-Sanchez Clara
Published: October 2018

Physical exercise improves the physical condition of women who have been undergone surgery for breast cancer. This study evaluated the effect of a new martial arts program that combined aerobic endurance and muscle strength exercises on improving upper limb function and aerobic performance of women who have undergone breast cancer surgery. Fifty-three women who had previously undergone breast cancer surgery with axillary lymph node dissection, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy participated in the twelve-week program. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups; a study group (28 participants) in which participants carried out a synchronized pedaling with martial arts routine of 2 sessions per week, and a control group (22 participants) who received usual care. Study group participants demonstrated a significant increase in right hand and quadriceps strength, maximum oxygen consumption, max power-to-weight ratio, muscle mass percentage and a decrease in fat mass percentage (p≤0.05). A controlled training system like synchronized pedaling with martial arts, which combines aerobic and strength exercises, appears suitable for improving the muscle strength and aerobic capacity of these breast cancer participants.
B-Mode Transorbital Ultrasonography for the Diagnosis of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lochner Piergiorgio , Fassbender Klaus , Knodel Sophia , Andrejewski Anika , Lesmeister Martin , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Nardone Raffaele , Brigo Francesco
Published: October 2018

In patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), transorbital sonography (TOS) may reveal an enlargement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and the presence of optic disc elevation (ODE), as a sign of an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP). We systematically reviewed the TOS findings in adults with IIH. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and CENTRAL (1966 – May 2017) were searched to identify studies reporting data on patients with IIH assessed by B mode-TOS. Data were extracted and included in a meta-analysis, and the quality of the included studies was evaluated. 5 studies with 96 patients were included. The values of ODE were 0.8 – 1.2 mm and ONSD was 6.2 – 6.76 mm in IIH patients vs. 4.3 – 5.7 mm in controls. In IIH patients the ONSD was significantly higher compared to controls (overall weighted mean difference of 1.3 mm (95 % CI: 0.6 – 1.9 mm)). The meta-analysis of proportion of papilledema based on results of three studies revealed a pooled estimator of 87 % (95 % CI: 76 – 94 %). IIH patients have higher ONSD values and higher frequency of ODE compared to controls. The indirect, noninvasive ICP assessment using TOS may be useful in supporting the clinical diagnosis of IIH in adults by detecting increased ONSD values and the presence of ODE.
Wie uns die digitale Welt beeinflusst
Authors: Busch Volker
Published: October 2018

PD Dr. med. habil. Volker Busch ist Neurowissenschaftler und Facharzt für Neurologie, Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie. Er ist an der Klinik für Psychiatrie und
Psychotherapie an der Universität Regensburg tätig. Dort leitet er neben seiner klinischen Tätigkeit die Arbeitsgruppe Psychosoziale Stress- und
Schmerzforschung. Daneben vermittelt er als Speaker sowie in Trainings und Seminaren Methoden zur Gesundheitsprävention, Leistungserhaltung, Motivation und
Inspiration in Beruf und Alltag.

Warum das Gehirn bei komplexen Entscheidungen auf einfache Heuristiken zurückgreift, die Intuition unverzichtbar bleiben wird und wie wir sie schulen können,
berichtet Volker Busch im Interview.