bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial: work and activity impairment are important considerations to optimise treatment plans for irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Shah Eric D. , Wechsler Emily V.
Published: August 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Goodoory et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17132 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17160
Editorial: work and activity impairment are important considerations to optimise treatment plans for irritable bowel syndrome. Authors' reply
Authors: Goodoory Vivek C. , Ng Cho Ee , Black Christopher J. , Ford Alexander C.
Published: August 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Goodoory et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17132 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17143
Letter: long‐term abdominal drains in cirrhosis—a solution or a new problem? Authors' reply
Authors: Tergast Tammo L. , Maasoumy Benjamin
Published: August 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Tergast et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17066 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17156
Introduction of an integrated primary care faecal immunochemical test referral pathway for patients with suspected colorectal cancer symptoms
Authors: Georgiou Delisle Theo , D'Souza Nigel , Tan Jessica , Najdawi Ahmad , Chen Michelle , Ward Helen , Abulafi Muti
Published: August 2022

Aim

To determine the efficacy of a new 2‐week wait pathway that uses the faecal immunochemical test (FIT) in primary care to triage patients with high and low risk symptoms suspicious of colorectal cancer (CRC). This service improvement pilot follows 2017 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance, that recommended using FIT to guide referral of patients with low risk, but not high risk symptoms, which continue to be referrred on the 2‐week pathway.

Method

Patients with high‐ and low‐risk CRC symptoms were tested with FIT and those with faecal haemoglobin (f‐Hb) ≥9.5 μg haemoglobin/g faeces (hereafter μg/g) were referred to secondary care. Results were tracked and primary care prompted to refer if timely referral was not made.

Results

Between December 2019 and October 2020, 5672 patients presented to primary care with high and/or low risk symptoms warranting investigations. Of these, 622 (11%) patients were referred without a FIT, of whom 36 (5.8%) had CRC. The remaining 5050 patients had a FIT, of which 4187 (83%) were processed to produce a quantitative result. Of these, 1085 patients (25.9%) had an f‐Hb ≥9.5 μg/g and of those, 982 patients (90.5%) were referred and 56 (5.7%) had CRC. A total of 3102 patients (74.1%) had an f‐Hb <9.5 μg/g, of which 456 (14.7%) were referred and three (0.7%) had CRC. A total of 97 cancers were diagnosed with a cancer prevalence of 1.7%.

Conclusion

A 2‐week wait pathway incorporating FIT as a triage tool can be implemented successfully in primary care to identify symptomatic patients at highest risk of CRC.
The impact of child maltreatment on mental health and substance use trajectories among adolescents
Authors: Zhu Na , Hawke Lisa D. , Sanches Marcos R. , Henderson Joanna
Published: August 2022

Aim

There is robust evidence that child maltreatment is a significant risk factor and linked to negative psychological outcomes. However, few studies have examined the impact of child maltreatment on mental health and substance use trajectories across adolescence.

Methods

Data were drawn from a larger longitudinal project, in which participants were recruited starting in grade 7–8 and followed on two more occasions biennially. The final baseline sample was comprised of 765 youth (Mage = 12.73, SD = 0.67, 49.7% female, 57.6% Caucasian/White). Multivariate multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to examine whether youth with maltreatment histories differed in their internalizing, externalizing, and substance use problems trajectories (based on previous studies) than youth without maltreatment histories. Moderation analyses using multinomial logistic regression were also conducted to examine perceived family support and school connectedness as protective factors against the impact of maltreatment.

Results

Youth who experienced maltreatment were more likely to display more severe internalizing, externalizing, and substance use problem trajectories than youth without such histories. While not significant as moderators, perceived family support and school connectedness were significantly associated with each of the trajectories, with lower levels of perceived family support and school connectedness linked to more severe problem trajectories.

Conclusions

Results highlight the ongoing and significant harmful impact of maltreatment among youth. Results also support further prevention and intervention efforts for child maltreatment, particularly at the family and school level.
Are we any closer to understanding why fish can die after severe exercise?
Authors: Holder Peter Elliot , Wood Chris M. , Lawrence Michael J. , Clark Timothy D. , Suski Cory D. , Weber Jean‐Michel , Danylchuk Andy J. , Cooke Steven J.
Published: August 2022

Post‐exercise mortality (PEM) may occur when fish exercise to exhaustion and are pushed so far beyond their physiological limits that they can no longer sustain life. Although fish exercise to overcome a variety of natural challenges, the phenomenon of PEM is most often observed as the result of interactions between fish and humans. The seminal work of Black (Can J Fish Aquat Sci, 15:573, 1958) and Wood et al. (J Fish Biol, 22:189, 1983) provided a foundation for exploring the potential causes of PEM in fish. With no “silver bullet” explaining PEM being apparent, contemporary research has continued to focus on physiological mechanisms of exhaustion in fish, including factors such as oxygen delivery, ion regulation, hormone signalling, and cardiac function. This paper provides an overview of these studies, and reviews the continuous improvement in data collection methods, tools, and experimental protocols used to examine the PEM phenomenon. These studies of exhaustion have played an important role in informing management actions for activities such as bycatch revival and fish passage. Since the contribution of Wood et al. (Journal of Fish Biology, 22(2):189–201, 1983), the combined efforts of fundamental and applied research have yielded a greater understanding of why fish die after severe exercise, yet much remains to be explored through future work.
Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) Medals and Awards celebration 2022
Authors: Clifford Nigel , Hempleman‐Adams David , Francis Jane , Cloke Paul , Sidaway James , Hannah David
Published: August 2022

The Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) annual Medals and Awards recognise achievements in researching, communicating and teaching a wide range of geographical knowledge. The speeches and citations are a record of the 2022 celebrations, which occurred at the Society on 6 June 2022, with contributions from Sir David Hempleman‐Adams, Professor Dame Jane Francis, Professor Paul Cloke, Professor James Sidaway and Professor David Hannah.
Effects of fumaric and maleic acids on the fermentation, nutrient composition, proteolysis and in vitro ruminal gas of corn silage
Authors: Kara Kanber , Pirci Gönül , Yılmaz Sena , Baytok Erol , Yılmaz Kurşat
Published: August 2022

The study aimed to determine the effect of fumaric and maleic acids on the ensiling process. The corn herbage was ensiled without additives (control silage) or with 0.25% fumaric acid (FA25), 0.50% fumaric acid (FA50), 0.25% maleic acid (MA25), 0.50% maleic acid (MA50), FA25 + MA25 (FA25MA25) and FA50 + MA50 (FA50MA50) (treatment silages) as wet basis. The starch contents of FA50 and MA50 silages were lower than the content of the control silage (p < .05). The lactic acid content of the FA50MA50 silage was lower than that of the control silage (p < .05). Percentages of linoleic acid of MA25 and MA50 silages were higher than that of the FA50 silage (p < .05). The in vitro methane production and metabolic energy (ME) value of FA50MA50 silage was lower than that of the control silage (p < .05). The in vitro organic matter digestion (OMD) values of FA25, MA25 and FA50MA50 silages were lower than that of control silage (p < .05). The molarities of acetic (AA), propionic (PA), butyric (BA), isovaleric (IVA), isobutyric (IBA) and total volatile fatty (TVFA) acids of the in vitro ruminal fermentation fluid for the FA50MA50 silage were lower than that of the control silage (p < .05). As a result, the addition of fumaric and maleic acids (0.25% alone and together, or 0.5% alone) in ensiling of corn herbage did not change the quality, acidity (except for propionic, butyric and isobutyric acids) and nutrient contents (except for non‐fiber carbohydrates and starch) and in vitro ruminal fermentation values (gas–methane production and organic acids). The combined use of 0.5% fumaric plus 0.5% maleic acid harmed silage quality and in vitro ruminal fermentation values. However, 0.5% maleic acid was partially more effective than those other organic acid additions in preserving linoleic and α‐linolenic acids in the silage material.
A matched cohort study investigating premature, accentuated, and accelerated aging in people living with HIV
Authors: Gooden Tiffany E. , Wang Jingya , Zemedikun Dawit T. , Taylor Stephen , Greenfield Sheila , Manaseki‐Holland Semira , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Thomas G. Neil
Published: August 2022

Introduction

The impact of HIV infection on the aging process is disputed and largely unknown. We aimed to identify whether people living with HIV experience premature, accelerated, and/or accentuated aging by investigating the development of four age‐related non‐communicable diseases in people living with versus without HIV.

Methods

This population‐based matched cohort study design used UK‐based primary care electronic health records from the IQVIA Medical Research Database. Between January 2000 and January 2020, all people living with and without HIV aged ≥18 years were eligible. Outcomes included cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and chronic kidney disease (CKD), which were identified by Read codes. We used age at diagnosis to investigate premature aging and age at exit date to investigate accentuation and acceleration. For each outcome, people with and without HIV were excluded if they had the outcome of interest at baseline. Participants were matched based on propensity scores (1:1 ratio). Linear regression was used to report any difference in age at diagnosis between the two groups and to report the prevalence trends for age at exit date.

Results

In total, 8880 people living with HIV were matched with 8880 people without HIV and were found to have an earlier onset of CVD (54.5 vs. 56.8; p = 0.002). Similarly, people living with HIV had an earlier onset of hypertension (49.7 vs. 51.4; p = 0.002). No difference was found for T2DM or CKD (53.4 vs. 52.6; p = 0.368 and 57.6 vs. 58.1; p = 0.483, respectively). The burden of CKD increased over time, whereas no difference in the burden was found for the other conditions.

Conclusion

The earlier development of CVD and hypertension in people living with HIV than in those without HIV indicates premature aging, whereas the increased burden of CKD indicates accelerated aging.
The Simulated Classroom Biology—A simulated classroom environment for capturing the action‐oriented professional knowledge of pre‐service teachers about evolution
Authors: Fischer Julian , Machts Nils , Bruckermann Till , Möller Jens , Harms Ute
Published: August 2022

Background

The professional knowledge of pre‐service teachers is highly important for effective and successful teaching. In recent years, many research groups have been engaged in developing simulated classroom environments to capture especially the pedagogical knowledge (PK) of pre‐service teachers, neglecting the content‐related facets of professional knowledge such as pedagogical content knowledge (PCK).

Objectives

In the present study, we describe the development of a simulated classroom environment—the Simulated Classroom Biology (SCRBio)—and provide evidence regarding its validity to assess pre‐service biology teachers' action‐oriented PCK in the area of evolution.

Methods

This study examined the evidence supporting the validity of using the SCRBio to investigate action‐oriented PCK of pre‐service biology teachers. The (1) evidence based on test content (expert ratings) and the (2) evidence based on relation to other variables (known‐groups comparison) was obtained. We tested the SCRBio with N = 76 German pre‐service biology teachers.

Results and Conclusions

Our results show the successfully operationalized PCK in the SCRBio through explicit allocation of specific misconceptions to each virtual student's answer and the valid measurement of pre‐service biology teachers' action‐oriented PCK. This results in a validated simulated classroom environment for pre‐service but also in‐service teachers. In the future, the SCRBio will be developed from an assessment instrument to a training tool to simulate explicit teaching situations. This allows to complement the predominantly theoretical components of university‐based teacher education with practice‐based simulated classroom environments.
Innate immunity and protective effects of orally administered betaine against viral and bacterial diseases in the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel)
Authors: Choi Hee Jae , Lee Ji‐Hoon , Choi Da Yeon , Kim Ji Hee , Cho Jin Man , Kwon Hyuk Chu , Kang Yue Jai
Published: August 2022

Sustainable methods that increase farmed fish yield while controlling infections are required to prevent economic losses in aquaculture farms. In this study, we evaluated the effects of betaine‐supplemented (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0%) feed on the growth and immunity of the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Feed conversion ratios, post‐infection cumulative mortality rates and innate immune responses were monitored. Weight gain was significantly higher with 0.5% and 1.0% than with 0% and 0.1% betaine‐supplemented feed. Lysozyme activity was highest with 1.0% betaine. Respiratory burst activity was highest with 0.5% and 1.0% betaine. Serum bactericidal activity against Edwardsiella tarda was highest with 1.0% betaine (40% increase in survival rates compared with those in the control). Furthermore, serum virucidal activity against the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) was higher with 1.0% betaine than with other concentrations. With 0.5% and 1.0% betaine, the survival rates against VHSV were higher than those in the control until day 11, after which they declined. Our study suggests that betaine is a promising agent for promoting the growth of and enhancing immunity against E. tarda in olive flounders. Our findings may further contribute to developing necessary alternatives to conventional antibiotics in fish farming.
Use of ultrafiltration in the separation of hydrolysates from mechanically separated chicken meat and evaluation of antioxidant activity
Authors: Sbeghen Alessandro Lima , Lira Ana Luisa , Fernandes Ilizandra Aparecida , Steffens Clarice , Brião Vandré Barbosa , Zeni Jamile , Steffens Juliana
Published: August 2022

The hydrolysate from mechanically separated chicken meat (MSCM) was separated by an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane and the total protein and antioxidant activity of the resulting fractions were evaluated. The enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 58°C, pH 8.5, and 4.62% enzyme (w/w), with 3 h reaction time. For the separation, a flat membrane (4 kDa) of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was used, operating tangentially, at pressures of 1.5 and 2.5 bar at 45°C. The retentate and permeate from the UF were analyzed in relation to total protein and antioxidant activity. The permeate flux was evaluated and experimental data fitted by Ho and Zydney's mathematical model to study the fouling phenomenon. The pressure of 2.5 bar resulted in high total protein content and low inhibitory concentration (IC50) value when compared with 1.5 bar. The UF pressures showed different permeate and fouling flux behavior. At 1.5 bar there was a flux reduction by simultaneous cake formation and pore blocking, while at 2.0 bar, there was pore blocking followed by cake formation during the process. The Ho and Zydney model showed the best fit at 1.5 bar with R2 of .9876. According to the results obtained, the hydrolysate showed antioxidant properties with potential for application in foods.

Practical applications

The poultry industry has stood out in recent decades mainly due to technological advances, making poultry price very competitive, leading to a high consumption of this meat by the population. However, the preference for more noble cuts of chicken meat, such as breast, and thigh, means that in the processing carried out by the industries there is a large production of mechanically separated meat (MSM). MSM is usually used in the production of mortadella, sausages, and others. In addition, it is possible to use MSM to produce protein hydrolysates in order to obtain bioactive peptides, which have functional properties such as antioxidants. Bioactive peptides may have different characteristics due to their molecular size. Thus, the use of membranes can be interesting since they make it possible to separate hydrolysates from MSM to obtain peptides of different sizes which may have different properties, thus being able to add value to this by‐product.
Perceptions of societal ageism and declines in subjective memory during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Longitudinal evidence from US adults aged ≥55 years
Authors: Cohn‐Schwartz Ella , Finlay Jessica M. , Kobayashi Lindsay C.
Published: August 2022

The cognitive health of older adults since the COVID‐19 pandemic onset is unclear, as is the potential impact of pandemic‐associated societal ageism on perceived cognition. We investigated associations between perceptions of societal ageism and changes in subjective memory over a 10‐month period during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We collected longitudinal data from monthly online questionnaires in the nationwide COVID‐19 Coping Study of US adults aged ≥55 from April 2020 to January 2021 (N = 4444). We analyzed the data using multivariable longitudinal multilevel models. We identified an overall decline in subjective memory, especially in the initial months of the pandemic. Adults who perceived that societal respect for older adults decreased during the pandemic experienced more rapid declines in their subjective memory. These findings suggest that aging adults perceived a decline in their memory, especially during the initial months of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Societal interventions to combat ageism may help improve subjective memory and could decrease risk for cognitive decline among middle‐aged and older adults.
A dietary spray‐dried plasma feeding programme improves growth performance and reduces faecal bacterial shedding of nursery pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88
Authors: Castelo Pedro G. , Rodrigues Lucas A. , Gabardo Michele de P. , Guedes Roberto M. Carvalho , Moreno Andrea M. , Coura Fernanda M. , Heinemann Marcos Bryan , Rosa Bruno O. , Brustolini Ana P. L. , Araújo Itallo C. S. , Fontes Dalton de O.
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to assess the effects of different spray‐dried plasma (SDP) feeding programmes to pigs on performance, intestinal histomorphology and faecal bacterial shedding after an Escherichia coli K88 challenge. A total of 96 piglets (5.77 ± 0.01 kg) were weaned at 21 days of age (Day 0) and challenged with 3 ml of 1 × 1010 CFU of E. coli K88 in total 3.0 × 1010 CFU/animal on Days 0, 2 and 4. Pigs were fed nursery diets containing 0.0%, 3.0%, 6.0% or 9.0% SDP from weaning to 35 days of age; 0.0%, 1.5%, 3.0% or 4.5% SDP from 36 to 49 days; and the same control diet (without SDP), for the last 10 days of the experiment (50−59 days of age). Performance was measured from 35 to 59 days of age and faecal bacterial shedding and intestinal histomorphometry were evaluated at Days 28 and 49 of age respectively. From 21 to 35 days of age, there was a linear effect for body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), a trend of linear effect for average daily feed intake (ADFI) and a quadratic effect for feed:gain ratio (FG). From 21 to 49 days, the 9.0:4.5% and 6.0:3.0% SDP feeding programmes improved BW, ADG and FG when compared to the other treatments. At 59 days of age, BW and ADG were increased by the two highest SDP feeding programmes. The 9.0:4.5% SDP feeding programme increased ADFI from 21 to 59 days of age, with 6.0:3.0% being intermediate and the other two treatments being lowest. The CFU counts of E. coli/g of faeces decreased linearly with increasing addition of SDP. These results indicate that an extended inclusion of increased SDP levels in post‐weaning diets can improve growth potential and decrease bacterial shedding induced by E. coli K88.
Sexually dimorphic characteristics of short‐finned pilot whales, false killer whales, pygmy killer whales, and melon‐headed whales assessed using fin and body morphometrics from photographs taken at sea
Authors: Yahn Shelby N. , Baird Robin W. , Mahaffy Sabre D. , Robertson Kelly M.
Published: August 2022

Adults of many free‐ranging delphinid species cannot be reliably sexed at sea. Sexually mature, known‐sex adult short‐finned pilot, pygmy killer, melon‐headed, and false killer whales were profiled from at‐sea photos to assess proportional fin and body dimorphism. Males of all four species had larger dorsal fins proportional to anterior body length. False killer whales showed no further dimorphism, while melon‐headed whales showed subtle dimorphism in dorsal fin overhang. Pygmy killer whales showed subtle dimorphism in lateral positioning of the top‐most point and overhang. Lastly, short‐finned pilot whales showed strong dimorphism in the leading edge, lateral positioning of the top‐most point, and height of the overhang. Generalized linear models showed strong predictive accuracy for pilot and false killer whales, and moderate accuracy for pygmy killer and melon‐headed whales. Results indicate that adult short‐finned pilot and false killer whales can be accurately sexed in the field or via morphometrics. Adult pygmy killer and melon‐headed whales have subtle sexual dimorphism that can be detected using morphometrics. The presence of dimorphism gives insight into potential reproductive strategies and social structure. Further analysis is needed to explore morphometric differences between inshore and pelagic populations of these species, as well as ontogenetic growth between life stages.
Epicardial adipose tissue and risk of arrhythmia in nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Şimşek Özgür Özdemir , Demircan Tülay , Erfidan Gökçen , Emir Büşra , Başaran Cemaliye , Alparslan Caner , Arslansoyu Çamlar Seçil , Mutlubaş Fatma , Kasap Demir Belde , Alaygut Demet
Published: August 2022

Background

Patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) are at a high risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the formation of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and investigate electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters in patients.

Methods

Thirty‐two patients aged 0–18 years and 15 control patients were compared. In the patient group, physical examination and laboratory parameters were recorded. Atrial depolarization and ventricular repolarization parameters in ECG were compared between the groups. EAT was evaluated with M‐mode measurements on echocardiography.

Results

There was no difference between the groups in terms of sex, age, body mass index, systolic and diastolic BP. EAT was found to be significantly higher in the patient group. In ECG evaluations it was determined that atrial depolarization and ventricular repolarization parameters increased in the patient group.

Conclusions

Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are high in kidney diseases. Measurement and follow‐up of EAT and ECG findings as a noninvasive parameter can provide information in NS.
The impacts of corruption on forest loss: A review of cross‐national trends
Authors: Sommer Jamie M.
Published: August 2022

This research lays out the debates and contradictory findings regarding the impacts of corruption on forest loss in a cross‐national context, specifically in low‐ and middle‐income nations. After, I describe how these inconsistent findings may be due to difficulties in untangling the complexities of corruption definitionally and then operationalizing it in a cross‐national context. Then, I review the advances in corruption data collection and measurement. Finally, I discuss how these developments in data collection and operationalization have led to an expansion of research on corruption to other aspects of governance, bringing forward several avenues for future research, but also potentially conflating definitions of corruption with governance. Overall, I aim to capture how scholars are studying corruption and forest loss from a cross‐national context and what their findings tell us.
Protein Supplementation for Strength and Functionality in Older Adults: Is There Still Any Doubt? A Brief Update Review
Authors: de Camargo Júlio Benvenutti Bueno , Ferraz de Oliveira Alexandre
Published: August 2022

It is widely known that the aging process induces relevant impairments on both muscle morphology and function. In this sense, resistance training alongside proper protein intake are important strategies to mitigate the sarcopenia process in older individuals. However, adding protein supplementation (PS) to resistance training interventions for enhancing muscle strength and functional performance has shown mixed results in this population. Therefore, the present study aimed to review the most recent evidence regarding PS and its effects on muscle strength and functional parameters of older adults. In addition, the effect size of each individual study (post–pre intervention) was also calculated to provide further clinical relevance on the topic. The results of the studies included do not seem to support PS for healthy older adults with proper protein intake. However, further studies with other sample characteristics (very old, frail, obese, and inadequate protein consumption) must be carried out to better understand the effects of PS in an older population.
Prothionamide Dose Optimization Using Population Pharmacokinetics for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Yun Hwi-yeol , Chang Min Jung , Jung Heeyoon , Chang Vincent , Wang Qianwen , Strydom Natasha , Yoon Young-Ran , Savic Radojka M.
Published: August 2022

Prothionamide, a second-line drug for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), has been in use for a few decades. However, its pharmacokinetic (PK) profile remains unclear.
Structure of Human Enterovirus 70 and Its Inhibition by Capsid-Binding Compounds
Authors: Füzik Tibor , Moravcová Jana , Kalynych Sergei , Plevka Pavel
Published: August 2022

Globally distributed enterovirus 70 (EV70) causes local outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. The discharge from infected eyes enables the high-efficiency transmission of EV70 in overcrowded areas with low hygienic standards.
Ecological Observations Based on Functional Gene Sequencing Are Sensitive to the Amplicon Processing Method
Authors: Cholet Fabien , Lisik Agata , Agogué Hélène , Ijaz Umer Z. , Pineau Philippe , Lachaussée Nicolas , Smith Cindy J.
Published: August 2022

Several analysis pipelines are available to microbial ecologists to process amplicon sequencing data, yet to date, there is no consensus as to the most appropriate method, and it becomes more difficult for genes that encode a specific function (functional genes). Standardized approaches need to be adopted to increase the reliability and reproducibility of environmental amplicon-sequencing-based data sets.
CRISPR-Cas in Acinetobacter baumannii Contributes to Antibiotic Susceptibility by Targeting Endogenous
AbaI
Authors: Wang Yuhang , Yang Jie , Sun Xiaoli , Li Mengying , Zhang Pengyu , Zhu Zhongtian , Jiao Hongmei , Guo Tingting , Li Guocai
Published: August 2022

CRISPR-Cas systems are vital for genome editing, bacterial virulence, and antibiotic resistance. How CRISPR-Cas systems regulate antibiotic resistance in
Acinetobacter baumannii
is almost wholly unknown.
Virome Analysis for Identification of a Novel Porcine Sapelovirus Isolated in Western China
Authors: Chen Jianing , Suo Xuepeng , Cao Liyan , Yuan Cong , Shi Lei , Duan Yueyue , Zheng Haixue , Wang Qi
Published: August 2022

Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) infection leads to severe polioencephalomyelitis with high morbidity and mortality, resulting in significant economic losses. In previous studies, PSV infections were always subclinical or only involved a series of mild symptoms, including spinal cord damage, inappetence, diarrhea, and breathless.
Outcome at 4.5 years after dextrose gel treatment of hypoglycaemia: follow-up of the Sugar Babies randomised trial
Authors: Harris Deborah L , Gamble Greg D , Harding Jane E
Published: August 2022

Objective

Dextrose gel is used to treat neonatal hypoglycaemia, but later effects are unknown.

Design and setting

Follow-up of participants in a randomised trial recruited in a tertiary centre and assessed in a research clinic.

Patients

Children who were hypoglycaemic (<2.6 mmol/L) recruited to the Sugar Babies Study (>35 weeks, <48 hours old) and randomised to treatment with 40% dextrose or placebo gel.

Interventions

Assessment of neurological status, cognitive ability (Weschler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence), executive function (five tasks), motor function (Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2)), vision, visual processing (Beery-Buktenica Development Test of Visual Motor Integration (Beery VMI) and motion coherence thresholds) and growth at 2 years.

Main outcome measures

Neurosensory impairment (cerebral palsy; visual impairment; deafness; intelligence quotient <85; Beery VMI <85; MABC-2 score <15th centile; low performance on executive function or motion coherence).

Results

Of 237 babies randomised, 185 (78%) were assessed; 96 randomised to dextrose and 89 to placebo gel. Neurosensory impairment was similar in both groups (dextrose 36/96 (38%) vs placebo 34/87 (39%), relative risk 0.96, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.34, p=0.83). Secondary outcomes were also similar, except children randomised to dextrose had worse visual processing scores (mean (SD) 94.5 (15.9) vs 99.8 (15.9), p=0.02) but no differences in the proportion with visual processing scores <85 or other visual test scores. Children randomised to dextrose gel were taller (z-scores 0.18 (0.97) vs −0.17 (1.01), p=0.001) and heavier (0.57 (1.07) vs 0.29 (0.92), p=0.01).

Conclusions

Treatment of neonatal hypoglycaemia (<2.6 mol/L) with dextrose gel does not alter neurosensory impairment at 4.5 years. However, further assessment of visual processing and growth may be warranted.

Trial registration number

ACTRN1260800062392.
Voice Calibration Using Ambient Sensors
Authors: Chen Jianhai , Zeng Huapu , Pu Yunming
Published: August 2022

The voice sensor is the core part of voice monitoring devices, and it is commonly drifted in long-term running. For this reason, the voice calibration of monitoring devices is essential. Several calibration methods had been introduced by leveraging expensive referred instruments or manual calibration methods. However, these methods are not only dependent on high-cost instruments, but also is impractical on isolated occasions. To overcome these issues, the feature fusion-based neighbor (FbN) model is proposed to calibrate voice sensors, via real-time low-cost ambient sensors. The FbN consists of a real-time awareness stage, feature selection stage, feature fusion stage, and prediction stage. First, voice data and exogenous low-cost sensor (LCS) data are simultaneously collected. Second, those low-cost sensor data are treated as individual features. The irrelevant features are empirically filtered out. The adopted exogenous features are temperature, humidity and air pressure. Third, the selected features are fused to obtain more representative features. Finally, distances between sensor data and represented features are calculated and sorted. The top-[Formula: see text] average distances are regarded as the predictive results. Experimental comparisons with several novelty methods show the effectiveness of the proposed FbN.
Knowledge Distillation for Lightweight 2D Single-Person Pose Estimation
Authors: Zhang Shihao , Qiang Baohua , Yang Xianyi , Zhou Mingliang , Chen Ruidong
Published: August 2022

The current state-of-the-art single-person pose estimation methods require heavily parameterized models for accurate predictions. A promising technique to achieve accurate yet lightweight pose estimation is knowledge distillation. However, existing pose knowledge distillation methods rely on the most common large basic building blocks and a complex multi-branch architecture. In this study, we propose a Single-branch Lightweight Knowledge Distillation method to increase pose distillation efficiency for 2D Single-person pose estimation, termed SLKD2S. First, we design a novel single-branch pose knowledge distillation framework, which is composed of connected lightweight pose estimation stages. Second, we utilize a special pose distillation loss based on the joint confidence map. Finally, we only keep the initial stage and the first refinement stage to achieve a good performance. Extensive experiments on two standard benchmark datasets show the superiority of the proposed SLKD2S in terms of cost and accuracy, and the average detection accuracies are increased by 1.43% and 2.74% compared with the top-performing pose distillation method, respectively.
A new polynomial criterion for periodic knots
Authors: Markiewicz Maciej , Politarczyk Wojciech
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this paper is to present a new periodicity criterion. For that purpose, we study the HOMFLY-PT polynomial and the Kauffman polynomial of cables of periodic links. Furthermore, we exhibit a couple of examples for which our criterion is stronger than many previously known criteria, among which is the Khovanov homology criterion of Borodzik and the second author.
Buckling of Stiffened Cone–Cylinder Structures Under Axial Compression
Authors: Ifayefunmi Olawale , Ruan Dong
Published: August 2022

This paper studies the instability behavior of stringer-stiffened cone–cylinder shells under axial compressive load via computational finite element (FE) code, ABAQUS. First, the FE model was validated using past experiments on four cone–cylinder specimens (two unstiffened and two stringer-stiffened) fabricated in pairs using mild steel. Results show that the comparison between numerical and experimental collapse loads was less than 10%. Second, parametric study was conducted using the validated FE model to investigate the effects of the location and number of stringers on the buckling behavior of axially compressed cone–cylinder structures. It has been found that reinforcing the cone–cylinder structures tends to produce higher buckling load when compared to the unstiffened ones. The presence of stringers changes the failure mode of the structure, and the initial post-buckling curves show a less steep negative slope when compared to that of the unstiffened counterpart. Externally stiffened structures were able to sustain more load as compared to the internally stiffened counterpart. Introducing longitudinal reinforcement on the conical section and ring reinforcement on the cone–cylinder junction produces a much higher buckling load compared to having stringer-stiffeners on the conical part only.
Phase-field study of crystallographic texturing in piezoelectric polycrystals
Authors: Wang Meixin , Xia Tian , Geng Liwei D.
Published: August 2022

Crystallographic texturing enables the design of piezoelectric polycrystals that outperform traditional random polycrystals by exhibiting outstanding piezoelectric properties. In this work, phase-field modeling and computer simulation were employed to study the effect of crystallographic texture on the piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric polycrystals at the domain level. Domain evolutions for single crystal, random polycrystal, and textured polycrystal are systematically simulated. The simulations reveal that the [001]-textured polycrystal can fully exploit the intrinsic anisotropic properties of piezoelectric materials by exhibiting a piezoelectric coefficient that is as large as that of single crystal while being much larger than that of random polycrystal. To better understand the mechanism of piezoelectricity enhancement by crystallographic texturing, a theoretical analysis based on Landau theory is provided. In comparison with random polycrystal, the textured polycrystal manifests a flatter energy landscape and thus possesses a higher piezoelectric coefficient.
How Little Supervision Can We Have?
Authors: Lopoo Evangeline , Schiraldi Vincent , Ittner Timothy
Published: August 2022

Use of probation and parole has declined since its peak in 2007 but still intrudes into the lives of 3.9 million Americans at a scale deemed mass supervision. Originally intended as an alternative to incarceration and a means of rehabilitation for those who have committed crimes, supervision often functions as a trip wire for further criminal legal system contact. This review questions the utility of supervision, as research shows that, in toto, it currently provides neither diversion from incarceration nor rehabilitation. Analysis of national supervision, crime, and carceral data since 1980 reveals that supervision has little effect on future crime and is not a replacement for incarceration. Case studies from California and New York City indicate that concerted efforts to reduce the scope of mass supervision can effectively be achieved through sentencing reform, case diversion, and supervisory/legal system department policy change, among other factors, without increasing crime. Therefore, we suggest extensive downsizing of supervision or experimentation with its abolition and offer actionable steps to enact each possibility.
Factor Models, Machine Learning, and Asset Pricing
Authors: Giglio Stefano , Kelly Bryan , Xiu Dacheng
Published: August 2022

We survey recent methodological contributions in asset pricing using factor models and machine learning. We organize these results based on their primary objectives: estimating expected returns, factors, risk exposures, risk premia, and the stochastic discount factor as well as model comparison and alpha testing. We also discuss a variety of asymptotic schemes for inference. Our survey is a guide for financial economists interested in harnessing modern tools with rigor, robustness, and power to make new asset pricing discoveries, and it highlights directions for future research and methodological advances.
Synergistic Effects of Plastic Deformation and Chloride Ions on Corrosion Initiation of Steel Rebars in Simulated Concrete Pore Solution
Authors: Doi Kotaro , Hiromoto Sachiko
Published: August 2022

The synergistic effects of plastic deformation and Cl− on corrosion initiation of steel rebars was examined by applying rapid tensile strain and cyclic stress to the steel in a simulated concrete pore solution with various concentrations of Cl−. In a rapid straining electrode test, the passive film of the steel was broken under plastic deformation and the anodic current increased sharply with the onset of slip step formation, whereas it was hardly broken under elastic deformation. Localized corrosion was initiated on the slip steps when the Cl− to OH− concentration ratio ([Cl−]/[OH−]) of the test solution was 0.4 or more. Localized corrosion also occurred under cyclic stress at [Cl−]/[OH−] ≥ 0.4. Experimental results demonstrated that the combination of slip step formation due to local stress concentration and the inhibition of repassivation by Cl− initiated corrosion under a significantly small [Cl−]/[OH−] ratio.
Study on the Innovative Development of Digital Media Art in the Context of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Chen Chaomiao
Published: August 2022

With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the speed of digital media to disseminate information is also accelerating, and the forms of communication become more and more diversified. In order to make digital media art better innovate and develop, designers should actively explore, so that art under digital media has the characteristics of intelligence, networking, and content diversification, so that it can be better applied in modern digital media communication and let visual art reach new development heights in the context of digital media. The current rapid development of artificial intelligence technology is being gradually applied to all fields of society. From the current point of view, China’s digital media art will inevitably remain in the early development stage for a long time to face many difficulties and problems. In the context of the era of artificial intelligence, there will also be a large number of art and design talents for continuous research and exploration, and the emergence of these talents will certainly prompt the further development and enhancement of digital media art and artificial intelligence technology. In this process, it is especially worth noting that China’s excellent cultural connotations should not be abandoned. Committed to digging more beneficial digital media art elements from traditional culture to make digital media art always develop in a more meaningful way. This paper takes the artificial intelligence era as the background, discusses the core of the development of the mutual integration of artificial intelligence technology and digital media art, analyzes the current development status of digital media art and technology, as well as the innovative development direction and future trends, proposes a digital media art design algorithm based on the convolutional neural network, and finally proves the effectiveness of the method in the relevant data set.
Advertising Image Design Skills of E-Commerce Products in the Context of the Internet of Things
Authors: Wei Yamin
Published: August 2022

E-commerce companies often use image advertising as a marketing approach to introduce potential customers to the goods or services that the business offers. People’s tastes are becoming more diverse and diverse in their range of variance. It is difficult for standard e-commerce commercials that aim their message at everyone to get the results they are looking for. The most significant obstacle that must be conquered in e-commerce is figuring out how to properly communicate an image advertisement to the ideal client for e-commerce in the optimal setting. This is a problem that must be resolved. As a result, in this work, we developed a unique commercial fuzzy picture advertising recommendation system for e-commerce items looking at it from the standpoint of the Internet of things (IoT). Customers who shop online may have their location and browsing history collected by Internet of Things devices. A multiadaptive k-nearest neighbour technique is used to predict the customers’ interests. After that, the suggested system is used to provide customized picture adverts to customers based on the customers’ interests and the locations of their devices. The proposed model’s effectiveness was assessed by using variables such as suggestion efficiency, Ad satisfaction rate, execution time, and click-through rate (CTR). According to the findings, the integrated Internet of Things advertising suggestion system that was developed is effective for targeted image advertising and enhancing client happiness.
Design of Local Sharing Algorithm for Enterprise Financial Information Based on User-Defined Protocol
Authors: Li Xiaowu
Published: August 2022

The financial shared service model now has a technological base thanks to recent advancements in the information technology sector. Cloud computing, big data, and other technologies are included. To some extent, it has produced the current financial shared service model. This service model not only realizes the front-end information input but also ensures the specialization of financial data. The business data provided from the front end may be translated into the financial data required by finance using the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. It overcomes the drawbacks of the existing financial system while also increasing its operating efficiency. The financial sharing service offers a high level of standardization of financial procedures while simultaneously lowering financial management costs. This allows the enterprise group to handle the financial systems of its subsidiaries in a uniform manner. It promotes the transparency of financial information, improves the overall competitive level of the enterprise group, and creates huge economic benefits for the enterprise group. Therefore, in the current operation stage of enterprises, the method of using the scientific service mode to maximize the economic benefits of enterprises has become an important problem. It is unlikely that understanding how to utilize it appropriately will have an impact on business operations. To ensure that enormous volumes of data are sent in an efficient and reliable manner, Gigabit Ethernet is used for the data transmission interface in this paper. On the one hand, an application layer user-defined protocol is meant to provide data transfer with high efficiency, speed, and reliability, while, on the other hand, on the basis of interface hardware program design, it is proposed to complete the modular design through the packaging of P core. It is the hardware foundation for interface data transfer. Finally, tests to validate its efficiency, speed, and dependability are devised.
RFM Model and K-Means Clustering Analysis of Transit Traveller Profiles: A Case Study
Authors: Chen Angela H. L. , Liang Yun-Chia , Chang Wan-Ju , Siauw Hsuan-Yuan , Minanda Vanny
Published: August 2022

Public transportation users increase as the population grows. In Taipei, Taiwan, this tendency is observed by analyzing historical data from the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) and economy-shared bicycle (known as YouBike) riders. While this trend exists, the Taipei City government promotes green transportation by providing discounts to users who transfer from MRT or bus to YouBike within a particular period. Therefore, this study focuses on analyzing the patterns of users in order to identify possible clusters. Clusters of customers can be considered fundamental and competitive factors for the Ministry of Transportation to encourage the use of green transportation and promote a sustainable environment. Based on big data smart card information, this paper proposes using the RFM and K-means clustering algorithm to analyze and construct mode-switching traveller profiles on MRT and YouBike riders. As a result, three distinct clusters of MRT-YouBike riders have been identified: potential, vulnerable, and loyal. There are also suggestions regarding the most profitable groups, which customers to focus on, and to whom give special offers or promotions to foster loyalty among transit travellers.
Management of Power Marketing Audit Work Based on Tobit Model and Big Data Technology
Authors: Fu Wenjie , Shen Hongtao , Feng Bo , Zhang Rui , Liang Jing , Sun Chong , Anurag Kalra
Published: August 2022

In order to improve the management effect of power marketing audit work, this paper combines big data technology to carry out related data processing, changes the management mode of traditional power marketing audit work, analyzes the overall process and characteristics of the current power marketing audit case selection, and designs an audit system. Moreover, this paper builds a data warehouse based on data mining technology and realizes the process of automatic generation of the index system. In addition, this paper chooses the Tobit model proposed by Tobin, which is a restricted dependent variable model and can be better applied to the relevant analysis of power marketing audit indicators. Finally, this paper evaluates the effects of the method and system designed in this paper through simulation experiments. The experimental research results show that the power marketing audit management system based on big data technology can play an important role in power audits.