bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water quality during the rainy seasons and drought seasons in the Garang River Basin (Semarang, Indonesia)
Authors: Hashim M , Setyowati D L , Suroso  , Yohanes K DI A P
Published: February 2022

The Garang River is the city of Semarang’s primary source of water, particularly for drinking water and other domestic needs. This research attempts to examine the current water quality status of the Garang River Basin by using the Malaysian Water Quality Index (WQI). Six water quality parameters were selected and analysed; DO, BOD, pH COD, NH3-N and TSS. Water sampling was conducted at eight stations based on the Governor Regulation of Central Java No. 156 (2010) on Water Allocation and Water Quality Management of Garang River. Water quality was sampled twice, once during the rainy season (2 January 2020) and once during the drought season (1 September 2020). The findings of the study showed that the water quality status of the Garang River Basin during the rainy season recorded a WQI value of 81 and 92 during the drought season. Both values belong to Class II, which represents clean waters. Three water quality parameters were identified to have exceeded the set standards: the DO, BOD, and NH3-N. Changes in landuse, particularly the clearance of forest areas for agriculture, plantation activities, domestic waste disposal, and wastewater directly from industrial activity and local inhabitants, have all contributed to the Garang River Basin’s deterioration of water quality. However, in the context of water classes, it is shown that the water of the Garang River is suitable to be used as a domestic water supply for local residents but requires further treatment prior to consumption.
An environmental monitoring system for the availability of drinking water for the population as an ecosystem service in areas exposed to covid-19
Authors: Samadi S , Suhardjo S , Munandar A
Published: February 2022

An effectiveness of the protected or rehabilitated natural assets will provide information on the availability of natural resources to respond to the impacts of climate change and ecosystem health. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic disaster increasingly shows that if humans destroy biodiversity, it also destroys human life-support systems. The purpose of the research to obtain a dynamic-empirical description of the availability of clean water for drinking water for residents in areas exposed to the Covid-19 pandemic as an implementation of an environmental monitoring system for ecosystem services. The research method uses quantitative methods. The results showed that: (1) although the low pressure area affected the number of customer complaints, it was not entirely the main factor that most dominantly affected the number of complaints of small water, dead water, and water quality in the studied area. (2) The results of the R square regression test show the percentage of the influence of low pressure areas on complaints of small water complaints, dead water, and water quality; is below 100%. The conclusion shows that although low water pressure occurs in areas exposed to Covid-19 in DKI Jakarta, it does not always affect customer complaints. This is because low water pressure is not entirely caused by small water, dead water, or water quality. Therefore, the environmental monitoring system for the availability of drinking water for the population as an ecosystem service pays more attention to other parameters besides small water, dead water, and water quality.
Hydrologic response analysis to calculate water yield of Cileungsi River
Authors: Nugraha A P , Hadi M P , Christanto N
Published: February 2022

The study of watershed hydrological response is essentially to understand the hydrological characteristics produced by specific rainfall on the watershed area. These flow parameters also rely on watershed factors such as land use, soil type, and watershed morphometry. The research was performed in the Cileungsi watershed, Bogor Regency, West Java. This research aimed to determine the hydrological response and to investigate the water yield of the Cileungsi watershed. Distributed hydrological modelling was used. Curve Numbers (CN) were estimated using SCS-UH triangular hydrograph technique, while the baseflow was determined using the exponential recession method. Muskingum-Cunge flow routing techniques were used to calculate the flow hydrograph. Yearly water yield was estimated based on measured rainfall data. The simulated hydrograph of several flood event shows similarities to the measured hydrograph. It is based on calibration and optimization of the model parameters. The objective function values are less than 15 percent, with peak discharge range from 654-1,729 m3/second. The hydrograph form tends to feature a rising limb that climbs rapidly with a sloping recession limb. The result of this research shows that the Cilengsi water yield are 4,520.33 mm.
IV International scientific and practical conference “Actual problems of the energy complex: mining, production, transmission, processing and environmental protection” (APEC-IV-2021)
Authors: Gibadullin Arthur
Published: February 2022

Within the framework of the presented material, the results of the conducted IV International scientific and practical conference «Actual problems of the energy complex: mining, production, transmission, processing and environmental protection» (APEC-IV-2021).
Environmentally safe synthesis of complex aluminum-vanadium oxides
Authors: Shabelskaya N P , Egorova M A , Polyakova Y A , Arzumanova A V , Ulyanova V A
Published: February 2022

In this work, the study of the possibility of environmentally friendly synthesis and the process of phase formation in the aluminum-vanadium-oxygen system was carried out. The materials obtained were characterized using the methods of X-ray phase composition, BET. The fundamental possibility of obtaining mixed vanadium (III-V) oxide is shown. The mechanism of the formation of the material composition in the V-Al-O system in the course of redox reactions is discussed. It is shown that additional heat treatment at a temperature of 1173 K leads to the formation of a composite material V2O5 – Al2O3. The research results can be useful for the development of a hardware-friendly and economical method for the synthesis of complex oxide compounds.
Development of an algorithm and calculation of the integral index of heat supply systems for buildings based on reliability and efficiency criteria
Authors: Guzhov S V , Sofronitsky A P , Sesin A A
Published: February 2022

The article presents an algorithm for calculating and predicting the integral index of a building’s heat supply system, based on a group of criteria for energy efficiency and reliability. The fundamentals of the mathematical apparatus for calculating the reliability index are given. The minimum set of data required for calculating the reliability index has been formulated. The algorithm used in the developed software is presented, the features of the formation of the program interface are shown. The article provides an example of calculating the integral index using the example of a simplified heat supply scheme for an office building in Moscow. Conclusions are drawn about the applicability of the proposed model.
Identification of inaccuracies in the calculation of drilling sludge volumes
Authors: Grafkina M V , Pitryuk A V , Telishevskaya A L
Published: February 2022

Oil and gas producing enterprises at all stages of the life cycle have a negative impact on the components of the natural environment: atmosphere, soil, surface water bodies and groundwater. One of the serious environmental problems is the formation of drilling sludge during the construction of wells for oil and gas production. Some enterprises have debts on illiquid sludge barns. One of the reasons for this state of affairs is the shortcomings in the calculation of the actual volumes of sludge formed during drilling. The analysis of the existing methods for calculating drilling waste, literature sources and available materials for calculating the volume of drilling mud has revealed certain inaccuracies (errors) in calculating the volume of drilling mud and some unaccounted factors associated with the operation of drilling tools. A computational experiment was carried out and, using the example of one of the oil and gas producing enterprises, a comparison of the volumes of drilling sludge was made, taking into account possible errors, and a discrepancy of 181 m3 of drilling sludge per well was revealed. The elimination of errors in the calculation of waste generation standards and limits on their placement during the construction of wells will allow to adjust the volume of drilling waste generated and prevent the occurrence of possible environmental problems at the sites of well construction.
Estimation of electrical energy losses in a DC traction rail network during heavy traffic
Authors: Isaicheva A G , Basharkin M V , Zolkin A L , Losev A N , Giniyatullina D R
Published: February 2022

The growth of traction current leads to losses of electrical energy in the traction rail network, which entails losses for railway companies, including the Russian Railways holding. Additional losses arise due to the deterioration of the resistance of the elements, which occurs in a shorter time in terms of sections on which the movement of trains of increased mass and length is not carried out. Equations for estimation of the power and electrical energy losses in the DC traction rail network have been obtained. These equations are applicable both for the calculation at the sections of the circulation of freight trains, the mass of which does not exceed the weight norm established by the schedule on the route of this train, and taking into account the correction for the passage of long and heavy trains. A simulation model that makes it possible to assess the power losses in a section of a traction rail network depending on changes in the resistance of both individual elements and entire groups that make up the traction rail network, as well as to analyze the effect of the transition resistance rail-ground on the magnitude of leakage currents has been prepared. The need to constantly maintain the elements of the traction rail network in a working condition is determined. It is explained by a significant increase in losses in electrical energy when passing trains of increased weight and length, even with minor deviations of the resistance values from those established by the regulatory documentation. To maintain an operable state and reduce the likelihood of the appearance of faulty elements of the traction rail network, entailing the loss of electrical energy, it is proposed to develop automated monitoring systems for the traction rail network, which ensure the adoption of decisions on the need for maintenance or repair of an element of the traction rail network and transmit information about this repair personnel on duty.
Heavy metals in system “atmospheric air - water - soil - crop products”
Authors: Zakharova A , Sadovaya I I , Kucher D E , Pashkang N N , Mashkova E I
Published: February 2022

The article presents results of heavy metals (HMs) monitoring in system “atmospheric air - water - soil - crop production” on three territories with different levels of pollution where agricultural fields and livestock complexes are situated. Highly hazardous Cd, Pb, Zn and moderately hazardous Cu are priority HMs for Ryazan region. A direct relationship has been established between the concentration of heavy metals on territories of different ecological conditions, as evidenced by the high concentration ratios of toxicants in environmental objects. The total pollution of facilities in JSC Avangard in Ryazan district, located within the regional center of Ryazan, is 13 % and 33 % higher in comparison with other two farms, which is explained by the entry of HMs into the environment with emissions and discharges of enterprises, their sedimentation into other environments.
Technological development and patent activity in the Russian energy sector
Authors: Pyataeva A , Evdokimova M I , Britvina V V , Goryunova N A , Vasutina E S
Published: February 2022

The material provides an analysis of the number of organizations developing/using advanced production technologies, as well as the number of advanced production technologies developed and used in energy sector. The article concludes with data on the effects (or lack thereof) of the introduction of advanced production technologies by enterprises (statistical observation participants) and the obstacles to the successful implementation of advanced production technologies.
Modeling gas turbine electro power station typical operating modes using pre-trained artificial neural network
Authors: Kilin G A , Kavalerov B V , Suslov A I , Tyatenkov I A
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the gas turbine electric power stations model creation on the converted aircraft engines basis. Simulation is necessary for the development and control algorithms computer testing for such electric power stations. For this, the developed control algorithms must be tested in various situations arising during the power stations operation. It is well known that it is difficult or impossible to reproduce the most critical modes in real operation and on test benches. Therefore, such studies are carried out on mathematical models, using various designs semi-natural stands, in which real control equipment is interfaced with a mathematical model that reproduces the electrical system behavior. The article discusses a possible solution to this problem: for individual characteristic modes, simplified, fast-solving models with a limited adequacy area, but with high performance, are built. The article proposes to assign the task of constructing such models to an artificial neural network. This opens up additional opportunities for reducing the time required to obtain such models, for example, by using neural networks that have already been trained for a different mode, which in the future will allow expanding the adequacy area of the created neural network models.
Analysis of reliability indicators in the supply of thermal energy using geographic information systems
Authors: Vorobeva Yu A , Lobanov D V , Kuripta O V , Drapaluk N A , Merchiev A A
Published: February 2022

The analysis of existing heating systems in Russian cities was carried out. The predominant systems in most cities are centralized from CHPPs, industrial and district boiler houses. The functional structure of the city of Voronezh is analyzed - the system of centralized heat supply of the city is divided between different legal entities transfer of heat energy to consumers. The main problems of the city heat supply are considered. Proposed a set of measures to improve the efficiency of the heat supply of Voronezh, such as the introduction of an electronic model of heat supply of the city and the use of technical means to improve energy efficient mode of heating networks. Comparison of the existing available capacity of heat supply sources and perspective heat load in each of the allocated zones of sources was carried out.
Intelligent metering systems designed to achieve energy efficiency of the production process
Authors: Yanjie Zhang , Hongyu Liu , Xin Yu Liu
Published: February 2022

The intelligent electricity metering system is designed to collect data from electricity meters in an automatic mode (i.e. without the direct participation of the electricity consumer and other persons). Intelligent energy metering systems rely on a network of smart meters and have a number of new features: bidirectional interaction with meters; automated processing and storage of large amounts of data; flexible and user-friendly interface; active involvement of consumers in the process of energy management
Research of water distribution in stratification heat accumulator of a solar heating system
Authors: Rashidov Yu K , Aytmuratov B , Aytbaev K R
Published: February 2022

The calculation method for a water distributor of a constant cross section uniformly perforated along the height for a multilayer stratified thermal storage tank used in solar heating and hot water supply systems was developed.
Green technologies in energy and materials science -development prospects
Authors: Zhenzhurist I A
Published: February 2022

Literature information about the problems in the technology of energy and ceramics is given. In the article the information about the promising directions of development of energy and firing technologies, about the influence of sintering material in the microwave field on the structure and properties of the material and the prospects of this direction in the hydrogen energy industry is considered. The results of firing samples of diatomite with additives of carbonate clay (marl) and NaCl salt in a microwave oven are considered. Microphotographs of the structures of the obtained materials are presented. For compositions of diatomite, a mixture of diatomite, marl and NaCl salt, the results of X-ray diffraction analysis and microphotographs of material structures are considered. For diatomite containing montmorillonite clay, a large exothermic effect in the temperature range 400 - 700 ° C was found upon heating. The composition based on diatomite with the addition of marl and salt passes this temperature range with endothermic effect. A promising direction of research into the technology of synthesis and storage of hydrogen is shown.
Investigation of a DC voltage boost converter based on a multifunctional integrated electromagnetic component
Authors: Aflyatunov R R , Vasilyev P I , Khazieva R T
Published: February 2022

The methods of functional integration of discrete electrical and electromagnetic components allow to increase the reliability and efficiency of electrical energy conversion systems, to reduce their weight and dimensions. The authors proposed a solution based on replacing some individual discrete components of a DC voltage boost converter with a multifunctional integrated electromagnetic component (MIEC). The component acts as an inductor and filter capacitor. A computer model of a DC voltage boost converter based on MIEC in the MatLab software package has been developed. The graphs of the output voltage are obtained. The circuits of step-up converters of constant voltage are analyzed. The optimal for the implementation of the replacement of the inductor and the filter capacitor with a multifunctional integrated electromagnetic component has been chosen. A circuit of a DC voltage boost converter based on MIEC is assembled. Oscillograms of the output voltage were taken. The analysis of the computer model and laboratory test sample was carried out.
Assessment of the partial discharges impact on the new type 20 kV busbar with cast insulation
Authors: Kovalev D I , Voronkova E M , Golubev D V
Published: February 2022

The article considers the partial discharges impact on busbars of voltage class 20 kV. The composition of a new type insulation includes a dusty inert material, which contributes to an increase in electrical strength. As a result of the tests carried out, the amplitude of partial discharges was recorded. It did not exceed the standard values. Also, areas of partial discharges high-amplitude values were recorded less than busbars without filler.
Hydrodynamic parameters when filtering chromium-containing wastewater through a layer of fibrous waste
Authors: Gudkov A G , Pavlov M V , Karpov D F
Published: February 2022

It is feasible to filter low-concentration liquid waste of electroplating enterprises containing chromium compounds using filter columns loaded with fibrous aluminum-containing waste from the production of glass composites. The hydrodynamic parameters during filtration of wastewater through this material have been experimentally studied. The value of the constant in the Kozeny-Carman equation is determined for different degrees of filling of the filter volume, the total and reaction surface of the fibrous wastes are specified. A dependence for calculating head losses in the filter is proposed.
Heat production model by a heat pump
Authors: Koroli M A , Kh Ishnazarov O
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the possibility of determining the consumption of electrical energy by heat pumps. In the course of research experimental measurements have been made and energy characteristics of heat pump have been determined. The parameters of the heat pump, which essentially influence the degree of heat production, are determined. As a result of statistical processing of the experimental data the regression model of heat production by the heat pump is received.
Calculation of AIIS reliability indicators
Authors: Semenov A F , Klunduk G A , Debrin A S , Zapletina A V
Published: February 2022

The object of research in this paper is the measurement and information complexes of electricity metering (IIC) AIIS KUE designed for measuring, calculating and storing data on electricity consumption at a substation and include: measuring current transformers (TT); measuring voltage transformers (TN); secondary circuits; three-phase multifunctional electric energy meters; secondary electrical circuits; technical means of data transmission channels. The purpose of the work is to check the points of commercial accounting of the AIIS KUE for compliance with the technical requirements of the wholesale electricity and capacity market (OPEM). Modernization of the existing ASKUE will solve the following tasks: 1. Improving the accuracy of commercial electricity metering; 2. Providing reliable and reliable commercial information on the volumes of transmitted and consumed electricity and capacity for making settlements on the wholesale electricity market between the energy supply organization and consumers.
Diesel locomotive fuel supply system under utilization of slush-like (heterogenic) liquefied natural gas
Authors: Asabin V V , Kabanov P A , Kurmanova L S , Erzamaev M P , Artamonov E I
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes the existing systems for storing and supplying fuel for diesel locomotives. A storage and fuel supply system for a diesel locomotive converted to slush -like (geterogenic) liquefied natural gas has been developed, its advantages are performed. The use of the cooling resource of the slurry fuel of a diesel locomotive to reduce the temperature of the charge air has been substantiated. The coefficient of utilization of the cooling resource of slush-like fuel has been derived. A comparison of the theoretical results of the methodology for calculating the heat-and-power indicators of a diesel locomotive engine converted to a slush-like(geterogenic) liquefied natural gas and the results of a computational experiment have been provided.
The 0.38 kV “Green Network” Operating Modes Simulation with Multi-Level Unbalanced Power Consumption
Authors: Naumov IgorV , Podyachikh Sergey V
Published: February 2022

The article considers modeling, parameters calculation and analysis of the rural electric networks operating modes, containing power take-off units with multi-level unbalanced power consumption. At the same time, a low-voltage electrical network section fragment is considered as a certain cluster in the structure of an extensive and heterogeneous 0.38 kV network. The model is made for a certain “green network” cluster variant, containing several nodes of highly unbalancing power consumption with a balancing device (BD). Connecting options the BD in various power take-off nodes, including power supply buses, are considered. As a balancing technical means, a device is presented that has a minimum resistance to zero-sequence currents with its power automatically control in a zero-sequence currents function. The main criteria for assessing the currents and voltages unbalanced level are the zero-sequence voltage unbalance coefficient, which characterizes the power quality, as well as the power loss coefficient, which characterizes the increase in power and energy losses in the unbalanced mode. Based on the developed method, algorithm and computer program “Unbalance”, the calculation was made and the changes characteristics in the studied indicators were constructed using modern the Matlab graphics editor technologies. The analysis of the studied indicators was carried out, on the which basis the most appropriate node in the electrical network model was determined, where the functioning efficiency of the balancing device will be the greatest.
Justification of the choice of heat-insulating material for the underground method of laying heat pipelines at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Lipkovich I E , Tokareva A N , Panchenko S V , Ukraintsev M M , Postovalov A N
Published: February 2022

The issues of using pipelines of heating networks with modern heat-insulating materials are considered. The features of calculating the estimated cost of a heating main for pipelines with insulation made of recently developed materials are indicated. The graphical dependences of the change in the specific estimated cost on the depth of laying of heat pipes with modern heat-insulating materials are presented. On the basis of the studies carried out by the method of comparison, the most promising insulating material for pipelines of heating networks has been established.
The 0.38 kV electrical networks unbalancing operating modes optimization
Authors: Naumov I V , Podyachikh S V , Ivanov D A , Tretyakov A N , Yakupova M A , Fedorinova E S
Published: February 2022

The equipment 0.38 kV low-voltage electrical networks is not a satisfactory level. Such electric networks operating modes management is carrying out save energy measures and electricity supply improve efficiency in general largely allows. As a result, the electric energy supplied parameters obtaining actual nature information about to consumers through these electric networks is the developing the power transmission requirements measures basis comply. The article presents results current unbalancing modes objective studies in 0.38 kV an electrical network that feeds Irkutsk multi-storey residential building electric consumers. The analysis electric energy parameters, power quality indicators changes as well as electricity lo sses caused by the currents unbalance in the studied electric network are presented. The calculate parameters and using results of balancing device efficiency as well as its influence on the quality indicators studied and electrical energy loss in the studied electrical network are presented.
Mid-wave and long-wave infrared transmitters and detectors for optical satellite communications—a review
Authors: Flannigan Liam , Yoell Liam , Xu Chang-qing
Published: February 2022

There has been a recent surge in interest for optical satellite communication (SatCom) utilizing lasers. It is clear to see why, as optical SatCom is capable of higher speed, lighter weight, higher directionality, and higher efficiency versus their radio-based counterparts. Research into optical SatCom has focused on devices operating in the short-wave infrared (SWIR), which is due to the maturity and commercial availability of such component’s thanks to significant development in terrestrial telecommunications networks. However, SWIR performs poorly in fog and heavy weather, prompting investigations into longer mid-wave and long-wave infrared bands for optical communication instead due to reduced atmospheric losses. This paper provides a comprehensive review of laser transmitters, detectors, and the science behind selecting longer wavelengths for optical SatCom to boost optical SatCom between ground stations and low earth orbit satellite constellations being deployed.
Finite element simulation on residual stress during immersion quenching and pre-stretching of Al7055 thick plates
Authors: Zhu Kai , Xiong Baiqing , Li Xiwu , Zhang Yongan , Li Zhihui , Li Yanan , Wen Kai , Yan Lizhen
Published: February 2022

During the immersion quenching process, severe temperature changes and significant temperature differences between the core and superficial area can give rise to high residual stresses within the aluminum alloy thick plate to cause subsequent machining distortion of the thin-walled part. Reducing the residual stress within the thick plate can effectively minimize the distortion in part. In this research, ABAQUS software was adopted to simulate the internal temperature and stress fields of thick plates of Al7055 alloy during the quenching and pre-stretching processes, sequentially and respectively. In addition, the x-ray residual stress measurement method was used to measure and characterize the surface residual stress of the plates. The results indicate that the medium temperature affects residual stress inside the thick plate significantly during the immersion quenching process. The level of which inside the plate gradually increases as the medium temperature decreases. Further, the pre-stretching treatment can effectively reduce residual stresses within the thick plate, and the residual stress level gradually decreases with the pre-stretching ratio increasing. The experimental results verify the feasibility of numerical simulation to predict the status of quenching stress in thick plates. Subsequently, a simulation study for material removal processes was carried out based on the above studies. The results reveal that the thin-walled part’s machining distortion degree improves as the raw thick plate’s initial quench residual stress level decreases.
An injectable cellulose acetate/sodium alginate hydrogels-loaded laponite microsphere as a potential wound healing in nursing care in perioperative period
Authors: Wang Liujuan , Yang Ting , Zhao Guoyan
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was developed by a simple method including solution mixing of cellulose acetate/sodium alginate containing laponite (CA/SA-LAP) hydrogel composites with flexible mechanical, physical, and biological properties for wound healing application. The surface properties of the as-prepared CA/SA hydrogel and CA/SA-LAP hydrogel composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and x-ray Diffraction (XRD). The influence of LAP content (0.1, 0.2, 0.5 wt%), the swelling ratio (171.0 ± 7.0, 143.0 ± 4.0, and 96.6 ± 2.5), degradation rate (65.7 ± 4.0%, 49.0 ± 5.5%, and 19.4 ± 1.4%), mechanical properties elongation at break from 68.3 ± 6.0% to 148.3 ± 5.6%, and the morphology of the CA/SA-LAP was investigated. By increasing the LAP concentration with an average pore size diameter decreased from 300 μm to 225 μm, 150 μm, and 75 μm. The as-prepared CA/SA-LAP dressing has designated good antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria at 95.9 ± 4.0% and 98.4 ± 1.5% for 24 h and 92.3 ± 4.5% and 96.4 ± 3.5% for 48 h. Furthermore, CA/SA-LAP revealed admirable biocompatibility against human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63. Noticeably, the MTT assay demonstrated that fibroblast proliferation significantly enhanced on 0.5 wt% LAP in CA/SA-LAP compared to CS/SA hydrogel at 92.6 ± 4.2% and 96.4 ± 3.5% for 24 and 48 h. Systematic in vivo research of the CA/SA-LAP was conducted in the rat bone defect model. The in vivo results proved that the CA/SA-loaded LAP significantly promoted bone healing in rat defects, compared to the CA/SA hydrogels. These results demonstrated the great potential of CA/SA-loaded LAP in wound healing material in nursing care application.
Single site optical spectroscopy of coupled Er3+ ion pairs in silicon
Authors: Hu Guangchong , Ahlefeldt Rose L , de Boo Gabriele G , Lyasota Alexey , Johnson Brett C , McCallum Jeffrey C , Sellars Matthew J , Yin Chunming , Rogge Sven
Published: February 2022

Individual optical emitters coupled via coherent interactions are attractive qubits for quantum communications applications. Here, we present the first study of single pairs of interacting rare earth ions and determine the interactions between ions in the pair with high resolution. We identify two examples of Er3+ pair sites in Er implanted Si and characterise the interactions using optical Zeeman spectroscopy. We identify one pair as two Er3+ ions in sites of at least C
2 symmetry coupled via a large, 200 GHz, Ising-like spin interaction in both optical ground and excited states. The high measurement resolution allows non-Ising contributions to the interaction of

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1

% to be observed, attributed to site distortion. By bringing two optical transitions into resonance with a magnetic field, we observe a 0.8 GHz optical interaction of unusual magnetic-dipole/electric-dipole character with strong polarization selection rules. We discuss the use of this type of strongly coupled, field-tunable rare earth pair system for quantum processing.
Automatic differentiation to simultaneously identify nonlinear dynamics and extract noise probability distributions from data
Authors: Kaheman Kadierdan , Brunton Steven L , Nathan Kutz J
Published: February 2022

The sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy) is a regression framework for the discovery of parsimonious dynamic models and governing equations from time-series data. As with all system identification methods, noisy measurements compromise the accuracy and robustness of the model discovery procedure. In this work we develop a variant of the SINDy algorithm that integrates automatic differentiation and recent time-stepping constrained motivated by Rudy et al (2019 J. Computat. Phys.
396 483–506) for simultaneously (1) denoising the data, (2) learning and parametrizing the noise probability distribution, and (3) identifying the underlying parsimonious dynamical system responsible for generating the time-series data. Thus within an integrated optimization framework, noise can be separated from signal, resulting in an architecture that is approximately twice as robust to noise as state-of-the-art methods, handling as much as 40% noise on a given time-series signal and explicitly parametrizing the noise probability distribution. We demonstrate this approach on several numerical examples, from Lotka-Volterra models to the spatio-temporal Lorenz 96 model. Further, we show the method can learn a diversity of probability distributions for the measurement noise, including Gaussian, uniform, Gamma, and Rayleigh distributions.
Challenges in the Interdisciplinary Use of Comparative Law
Authors: Engel Christoph
Published: February 2022

The world has more than 200 states. Many states are federations and hence consist of multiple jurisdictions. Seemingly there is thus ample room for a social science approach to comparative law. In this perspective, each legal order produces a data point. Variance in the solutions adopted by different legal orders is used as evidence that a certain legal design causes greater justice, better political stability, higher welfare, or more equity. The results could motivate the strife for legal betterment, by the way of legal transplants.

This Article cautions against the dangers inherent in this empirical enterprise. In a nutshell, the danger results from the fact that mere correlation (some jurisdictions are associated with some outcomes) is not causation (a difference in legal design is responsible for the difference in outcomes). Yet for choosing between alternative legal regimes, causation would be critical. The Article explains why comparative law is a conspicuously challenging source of empirical evidence. It discusses possible solutions.
Visualizing the Individual Arterial Anatomy of the Face Through Augmented Reality— A Useful and Accurate Tool During Dermal Filler Injections
Authors: Waked Karl , Mespreuve Marc , De Ranter Joris , Collard Barbara , Hahn Stephan , Hendrickx Benoit
Published: February 2022

Background

The arterial anatomy of the face is extremely variable. Despite numerous cadaver dissections and anatomical descriptions, the exact location of the superficial facial arteries remains unpredictable. This ignorance is a determining factor in the pathophysiology of intravascular filler injections, potentially causing skin necrosis and blindness.

Objectives

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of an augmented reality (AR) application that visualizes the individual arterial anatomy of the face.

Methods

A workflow was developed during which a magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) mapped the superficial arteries of the face. The images were further processed into an AR image that was visualized on the patient’s face using a specifically designed smartphone application. The accuracy of the AR image and the position of each individual artery were analyzed using duplex ultrasound (US).

Results

A total of 216 facial arteries were visualized in 20 patients. The superficial temporal (100%), supratrochlear (92.5%), facial (75%), and angular (82.5%) arteries were visualized the most. The inferior labial (17.5%), dorsal nasal (22.5%), and supraorbital (42.5%) arteries were the most difficult to visualize through MRA. The average deviation between the artery visible on the AR image and the location assessed by US was 0.30 mm (standard deviation = +/− 0.66 mm). There were no complications reported.

Conclusions

The combination of a risk-free MRA to map the individual arteries of the face and the processing into an AR image may be considered as a useful and accurate tool during dermal filler injections to potentially minimize the risk of intravascular filler injections.
High-performance single-cell gene regulatory network inference at scale: the Inferelator 3.0
Authors: Skok Gibbs Claudia , Jackson Christopher A , Saldi Giuseppe-Antonio , Tjärnberg Andreas , Shah Aashna , Watters Aaron , De Veaux Nicholas , Tchourine Konstantine , Yi Ren , Hamamsy Tymor , Castro Dayanne M , Carriero Nicholas , Gorissen Bram L , Gresham David , Miraldi Emily R , Bonneau Richard
Published: February 2022

Motivation

Gene regulatory networks define regulatory relationships between transcription factors and target genes within a biological system, and reconstructing them is essential for understanding cellular growth and function. Methods for inferring and reconstructing networks from genomics data have evolved rapidly over the last decade in response to advances in sequencing technology and machine learning. The scale of data collection has increased dramatically; the largest genome-wide gene expression datasets have grown from thousands of measurements to millions of single cells, and new technologies are on the horizon to increase to tens of millions of cells and above.

Results

In this work, we present the Inferelator 3.0, which has been significantly updated to integrate data from distinct cell types to learn context-specific regulatory networks and aggregate them into a shared regulatory network, while retaining the functionality of the previous versions. The Inferelator is able to integrate the largest single-cell datasets and learn cell-type-specific gene regulatory networks. Compared to other network inference methods, the Inferelator learns new and informative Saccharomyces cerevisiae networks from single-cell gene expression data, measured by recovery of a known gold standard. We demonstrate its scaling capabilities by learning networks for multiple distinct neuronal and glial cell types in the developing Mus musculus brain at E18 from a large (1.3 million) single-cell gene expression dataset with paired single-cell chromatin accessibility data.

Availability and implementation

The inferelator software is available on GitHub (https://github.com/flatironinstitute/inferelator) under the MIT license and has been released as python packages with associated documentation (https://inferelator.readthedocs.io/).

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Performance variability in perioperative sentinel events: report on a nationwide data set
Authors: Reijmerink Iris M. , Bos Kelly , Leistikow Ian P. , Groeneweg Jop , Cnossen Fokie , Dongelmans Dave A. , van der Laan Maarten J.
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to evaluate how performance variability contributes to perioperative sentinel events occurring within the Dutch healthcare system. Although performance variability was identified as a contributing factor in almost all analysis reports, it remains unrecognized by the sentinel event analysis team. Strengthening the integration of performance variability in sentinel event analyses could improve the analyses performed, and lead to more effective improvement measures specifically aimed at optimizing human performance within the healthcare system.
Simultaneous relaxometry and morphometry of human brain structures with 3D magnetic resonance fingerprinting: a multicenter, multiplatform, multifield-strength study
Authors: Fujita Shohei , Cencini Matteo , Buonincontri Guido , Takei Naoyuki , Schulte Rolf F , Fukunaga Issei , Uchida Wataru , Hagiwara Akifumi , Kamagata Koji , Hagiwara Yasuhiro , Matsuyama Yutaka , Abe Osamu , Tosetti Michela , Aoki Shigeki
Published: February 2022

Relaxation times and morphological information are fundamental magnetic resonance imaging-derived metrics of the human brain that reflect the status of the underlying tissue. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) enables simultaneous acquisition of T1 and T2 maps inherently aligned to the anatomy, allowing whole-brain relaxometry and morphometry in a single scan. In this study, we revealed the feasibility of 3D MRF for simultaneous brain structure-wise morphometry and relaxometry. Comprehensive test–retest scan analyses using five 1.5-T and three 3.0-T systems from a single vendor including different scanner types across 3 institutions demonstrated that 3D MRF-derived morphological information and relaxation times are highly repeatable at both 1.5 T and 3.0 T. Regional cortical thickness and subcortical volume values showed high agreement and low bias across different field strengths. The ability to acquire a set of regional T1, T2, thickness, and volume measurements of neuroanatomical structures with high repeatability and reproducibility facilitates the ability of longitudinal multicenter imaging studies to quantitatively monitor changes associated with underlying pathologies, disease progression, and treatments.
Localization of global networks: new mandates for MNEs in Toronto’s innovation economy
Authors: Wolfe David A , DiFrancesco Richard J , Denney Steven C
Published: February 2022

The current wave of technological transformation is altering dynamics between the global and local scales. This transformation affects the dynamic linkages between multinational enterprises (MNEs) and the host economies in which they invest. This article examines how MNEs in leading technology sectors are re-evaluating their relationship to Toronto’s innovation economy. It employs elements of three conceptual approaches on global production networks, global innovation networks, and the locational strategies of MNEs. Firms engage with the host region in new ways by tapping into knowledge sources to diversify the locational base of their R&D activities, as well as with local entrepreneurial ecosystems in emerging technologies and industry niches.
Risk stratification of anastomotic stricture using early postoperative endoscopic and computed tomography findings in patients undergoing esophagectomy with cervical esophagogastric anastomosis for esophageal cancer
Authors: Takahashi Keita , Nishikawa Katsunori , Tanishima Yuichiro , Ishikawa Yoshitaka , Kobayashi Takehiro , Masuda Takahiro , Kurogochi Takanori , Yuda Masami , Tanaka Yujiro , Matsumoto Akira , Yano Fumiaki , Eto Ken
Published: February 2022

Anastomotic stricture (AS) is one of the major complications after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. We have previously reported that severe mucosal degeneration (MD) of the anastomotic site was associated with the incidence of AS. Meanwhile, there are few reports to correlate anastomotic internal circumference (AIC) with computed tomography (CT) with the incidence of AS. Therefore, this study was conducted to clarify the correlation of early postoperative endoscopic and CT findings with the incidence of AS. We assessed 205 patients who underwent esophagectomy. We then divided them into the non-AS group (n = 164) and the AS group (n = 41) and compared their background data and intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. We also evaluated the risk factors for AS using logistic regression model. Multivariate analysis revealed small AIC (P = 0.003; OR = 4.400; 95% CI = 1.650–11.700) and severe MD (P < 0.001; OR = 7.200; 95% CI = 2.650–19.600) as the independent risk factors for AS development. We also stratified the patients into the following four groups according to the incidence of AS: low-risk (normal AIC and intact or mild MD, 6.2%), intermediate-risk (small AIC and intact or mild MD, 29.4%), high-risk (normal AIC and severe MD, 42.9%), and very high-risk (small AIC and severe MD, 61.1%). Early postoperative endoscopic and CT findings were useful in predicting the development of AS after esophagectomy.
A New Look at Pygmalion: Alfred Doolittle and Henry Higgins as Absent (Substitute) Fathers
Authors: Eckert Kenneth
Published: February 2022

Scholarship of George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion (1912), despite Shaw’s protestations that Eliza and Higgins can never marry, has for a century debated whether the play’s content and structure imply so. A less analysed route to resolving this issue is to more closely consider Eliza’s father, Arthur Doolittle. Some critics read Doolittle as largely a comic diversion meant to ironize her social transformation. Yet the marital question and Alfred Doolittle’s role are integrated strands, for Eliza’s emotions toward Higgins might be better understood as filial ones, as she attempts and fails to find fatherly love and acceptance from Higgins. Doolittle’s character helps establish this daughter–substitute father relationship by his role as an absent and emotionally unavailable parent.
Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation patients with advanced chronic kidney and liver diseases
Authors: Liao Jo-Nan , Kuo Ling , Liu Chih-Min , Chen Shih-Ann , Chao Tze-Fan
Published: February 2022

Advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) or chronic liver disease (CLD) is frequent in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) because of their common risk factors. Chronic kidney disease and CLD superimposed on AF are associated with increased risks of thrombosis and bleeding, which further complicates the use of oral anticoagulants (OACs). Because currently approved non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) undergo certain degrees of metabolism and clearance in the liver and kidney, increased exposure to medications and risk of bleeding are major concerns with the use of NOACs in patients with advanced CKD and CLD. Besides, these patients were mostly excluded from landmark trials of NOACs and related cohort studies are also limited. Therefore, the optimal strategy for the use of NOACs in this population remains unclear. This review would go through current evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of NOACs in AF patients with advanced CKD and CLD and provide a comprehensive discussion for clinical practices.