bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colorectal cancer in the elderly patient: the role of neo-adjuvant therapy
Authors: Dodaro Concetta Anna , Calogero Armando , Tammaro Vincenzo , Pellegrino Tommaso , Lionetti Ruggero , Campanile Silvia , Menkulazi Marsela , Ciccozzi Massimo , Iannicelli Anna Maria , Giallauria Francesco , Sagnelli Caterina
Published: August 2019

Background

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has a significant role in downstaging cancer. It improves the local control of the disease and can make conservative resection of rectal cancer possible.

Methods

We enrolled 114 patients with subperitoneal rectal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradio-therapy and radical excision with total mesorectal excision (TME). The primary endpoint was oncological outcomes and the secondary endpoint was surgical outcomes.We evaluate the experience of a multidisciplinary team and the role of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in integrated treatment of cancer of the subperitoneal rectum.

Results

Surgical procedures performed were abdominal perineal resection in 4 cases (3.5%), anterior resection in 89 cases (78%), Hartmann’s procedure in 5 cases (4.4%), and ultralow resection with coloanal anastomosis and diverting stoma in 16 patients (14%).

Local recurrence occurred in 6 patients (5.2%), the overall survival was 71.9% at 5 years and disease-free survival was about 60%.

Conclusions

The effect of pathological downstaging amounted to 58.8%, including cPR. The pathologic complete remission occurred in 8.8% of cases.

The outcomes of neoadjuvant therapy can be achieved when this treatment is associated with correct surgical technique with TME and the prognosis is defined by an anatomopathological examination performed according to Quirke’s protocol.
Plasmonic quantum effects on single-emitter strong coupling
Authors: Ciracì Cristian , Jurga Radoslaw , Khalid Muhammad , Della Sala Fabio
Published: August 2019

Coupling between electromagnetic cavity fields and fluorescent molecules or quantum emitters can be strongly enhanced by reducing the cavity mode volume. Plasmonic structures allow light confinement down to volumes that are only a few cubic nanometers. At such length scales, nonlocal and quantum tunneling effects are expected to influence the emitter interaction with the surface plasmon modes, which unavoidably requires going beyond classical models to accurately describe the electron response at the metal surface. In this context, the quantum hydrodynamic theory (QHT) has emerged as an efficient tool to probe nonlocal and quantum effects in metallic nanostructures. Here, we apply state-of-the-art QHT to investigate the quantum effects on strong coupling of a dipole emitter placed at nanometer distances from metallic particles. A comparison with conventional local response approximation (LRA) and Thomas-Fermi hydrodynamic theory results shows the importance of quantum effects on the plasmon-emitter coupling. The QHT predicts qualitative deviation from LRA in the weak coupling regime that leads to quantitative differences in the strong coupling regime. In nano-gap systems, the inclusion of quantum broadening leads to the existence of an optimal gap size for Rabi splitting that minimizes the requirements on the emitter oscillator strength.
Fallstricke der Europäischen Integration: Banken- und Kapitalmarktunion aus deutscher Perspektive
Authors: Gischer Horst , Ilchmann Christian , Kesseler Bruno
Published: August 2019

Unter dem Eindruck der vergangenen Finanzkrise entwickelte die Europäische Kommission mit der Bankenunion 2014 und der Kapitalmarktunion 2015 verschiedene Programme zur Sicherung der Finanzstabilität und der wirtschaftlichen Prosperität in der Europäischen Union. Die zur Umsetzung angewendeten Strategien vernachlässigen jedoch die Besonderheiten nationaler Finanzsysteme und behindern damit die angestrebte Integration. Der vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert einen Überblick der Charakteristika des Bankenmarktes und der Unternehmensstruktur in Deutschland. Anschließend werden anhand der geplanten Maßnahmen mögliche Auswirkungen fortschreitender Harmonisierung auf den deutschen Bankensektor analysiert und drohende Gefahren für den gesamten Prozess der Europäischen Integration skizziert. Den Abschluss bilden die Darlegung möglicher Alternativen und die Begründung für eine Rückbesinnung auf die Ursprünge der europäischen Idee.
Die Ministererlaubnis als Element der deutschen Wettbewerbsordnung: eine theoretische und empirische Analyse
Authors: Budzinski Oliver , Stöhr Annika
Published: August 2019

Das Instrument der Ministererlaubnis ist ein viel diskutierter Sonderfall in der deutschen Wettbewerbspolitik, bei welchem der Bundeswirtschaftsminister einen vom Bundeskartellamt (BKartA) untersagten Zusammenschluss bei Vorliegen besonderer Gründe im Nachhinein doch noch erlauben kann. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden sowohl die Ausgestaltung, als auch die Sinnhaftigkeit des Instrumentes an sich aus ökonomischer Sicht beleuchtet, indem zunächst die im Gesetz verankerten Gründe für eine Erlaubnis auf einen Konflikt mit dem Schutz des Wettbewerbs, als übergeordnete Aufgabe des BKartA, untersucht werden. Nach einer Analyse der bisherigen 22 Fälle

Zum Zeitpunkt der Beitragsannahme im Jahr 2018 war die hier angegebene Zahl aktuell und damit auch die weitere Analyse der Fälle und Gründe vollständig. Seit Mai 2019 gibt es nun mit Miba/Zollern einen weiteren Ministererlaubnis-Fall, welcher hier jedoch logischerweise nicht berücksichtigt werden konnte.

, bezogen auf die jeweiligen Begründungen und Erfolge, werden abschließend fünf Möglichkeiten zur Novellierung des Instrumentes diskutiert. Dabei kommen die Autoren zu dem Schluss, dass eine Anpassung des Gesetzes, sowohl hinsichtlich des entscheidenden Gremiums, als auch bezüglich der zulässigen Begründungen für eine Ministererlaubnis, notwendig wäre, um das Bestehen des Instrumentes wohlfahrtsökonomisch rechtfertigen zu können.
Neue Wege der metrologischen Rückführbarkeit in der Längen- und Koordinatenmesstechnik
Authors: Kniel Karin , Flügge Jens , Bosse Harald
Published: August 2019

Die metrologische Rückführbarkeit und der damit verbundene Bezug auf eine allgemein akzeptierte Referenz für Messergebnisse sind unverzichtbare Grundlagen für die heute existierende global vernetzte Fertigung. Seit Einführung des industriellen Austauschbaus Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts haben Fortschritte in der Metrologie eine fortschrittliche industrielle Fertigung ermöglicht. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Überblick über Wege zur Sicherstellung der metrologischen Rückführbarkeit in der Längen- und Koordinatenmesstechnik gegeben. Anhand von jüngsten Beispielen aus den Bereichen der 1D-Längenkalibrierung und der 3D-Koordinatenmesstechnik werden aktuelle Trends und ihre Hintergründe aufgezeigt.
Forças Armadas, Autonomias e Autoritarismo:a atuação das Forças Armadas de Brasil e Chile nas transições rumo à democracia
Authors: Missiato Victor Augusto Ramos
Published: August 2019

Neste artigo procuramos apresentar uma análise comparada entre os processos de transição política pós-regimes militares no Brasil e no Chile. Partindo do pressuposto de que ambas transições ocorreram de forma incompleta, pois os legados do autoritarismo e as preservações de autonomias, por parte das Forças Armadas, mantiveram-se presentes durante todo o processo de transição, objetivamos apresentar o modo como tais medidas foram introduzidas e pressionadas pelas Forças Armadas no decorrer das negociações políticas com as forças civis. Para isso, utilizamos uma análise acerca dos processos constitucionais de cada país, bem como ações de lideranças militares naquele período.
Clínicas do Testemunho: a política de reparação psíquica no Brasil
Authors: Indursky Alexei Conte , Mayorca Daniela Sevegnani
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo propõe refletir sobre a emergência e implementação da política de reparação psíquica, Clínicas do Testemunho, na agenda de justiça de transição no Brasil. Inicialmente, procuramos realizar um apanhado histórico que demonstrasse as condições de possibilidade dessa política em nosso contexto. Em seguida, justificamos a pertinência da metodologia clínica e política empregada ao longo do projeto, a partir de uma revisão crítica sobre os efeitos sintomáticos da política de perdão, veiculada através da noção de anistia no Brasil. Para tanto, apostamos que uma política de reparação psíquica pressupõe um contexto sócio-político desde o qual são moduladas as próprias bases normativas e os sentidos do que é ser vítima da violência de Estado. Na sequência, serão apresentados os principais efeitos clínicos e políticos produzidos através de vinhetas clínicas. Por fim, será realizada uma discussão dos resultados e os desafios que representam para a agenda da Justiça de transição no Brasil.
De la responsabilidad social empresarial a la responsabilidad ambiental universitaria
Authors: Pérez Ramírez Fabián Alonso , Franco Montoya Juan Carlos , Vélez Rivera Diego Andrés , Vargas Restrepo Carlos Mario , Quintero Osorio Luz Adriana
Published: August 2019

Este artículo indaga inicialmente por la categoría Responsabilidad Social Universitaria, cuyo primer hallazgo identifica dos grandes tradiciones de su emergencia, una derivada-de, que se fundamenta en tres perspectivas de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial: teorías de la agencia, teorías de la legitimidad y teorías de la institucionalidad; y la otra tradición es denominada, originaria-en la universidad latinoamericana, que promueve el surgimiento de la Responsabilidad Ambiental Universitaria. A partir de un enfoque cualitativo el diseño documental que permite el abordaje de diversas bases de datos: informes, proyectos y programas ambientales en el interior de un caso de manejo de residuos sólidos en una universidad colombiana. Se puede destacar que en el marco general de las prácticas y acciones ambientales de la universidad se hibridan de forma alternada perspectivas de Responsabilidad Ambiental Universitaria matizadas desde las perspectivas de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y la Responsabilidad Social Universitaria.
Validación de un instrumento en una unidad neonatal mediante el análisis Rasch
Authors: Vargas-Porras Carolina , Villamizar-Carvajal Beatriz , Roa-Díaz Zayne Milena
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: Determinar la validez de constructo del resultado de enfermería “Desempeño del Rol de Padres” en madres de recién nacidos prematuros hospitalizados.Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de evaluación de tecnologías diagnósticas en madres de recién nacidos prematuros hospitalizados menores o igual a 34 semanas de gestación. Se hizo análisis descriptivo y de consistencia interna desde la teoría clásica (alfa de Cronbach) y la validez de constructo del resultado de enfermería “Desempeño del rol de padres” se hizo mediante la metodología Rasch siguiendo los postulados de Messick, bajo la estructuración de Wolfe y Smith.Resultados: Participaron 63 madres, la mediana de edad 22 años, 67% pertenecían a los estratos socioeconómicos 1 y 2, la mediana de edad gestacional fue 33 semanas. Los 6 indicadores del resultado NOC (2211) presentaron un alfa de Cronbach (0,901), valores Outfit entre 0,74 a 1,60 y explicaron el 53,8% de la varianza; en el primer contraste la varianza no explicada fue de 1,5 autovalores, estos hallazgos señalaron que este instrumento mide el constructo del desempeño del rol de padres, es unidimensional y los datos obtenidos se ajustan al modelo Rasch.Conclusión: El diseño, la validez y la confiabilidad de esta escala es un aporte importante a la práctica de enfermería neonatal, al tratarse del primer instrumento de fácil diligenciamiento en una unidad neonatal para evaluar el desempeño del rol materno previo egreso de las unidades de hospitalización.
Formulación de un medio de cultivo para la producción de δ-endotoxinas de Bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Herrera Pineda Diego Fernando , Abaunza Villamizar Sebastián Mauricio , Rueda Forero Nohora Juliana , Pinzón Reyes Efraín Hernando , Suárez Barrera Miguel Orlando
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: Formular un medio de cultivo para la producción de proteínas parasporales de Bt.Método: Se evaluaron 5 medios de cultivo, contrastando su formulación con la producción de biomasa. Se extrajo la proteína total de cada uno de los cultivos y se cuantificó por espectrofotometría.Resultados: Se encontró que el caldo glucosado modificado con proporciones 2,4:1 de fuentes de nitrógeno orgánicas (extracto de levadura) e inorgánicas ((NH4)2SO4) mejoró hasta en 70 veces la producción de proteína con concentraciones entre 19,38 y 154,41 mg/mL.Conclusión: Este estudio contribuye a la afirmación de que la proporción entre Nitrógeno Orgánico e Inorgánico tiene efectos importantes sobre la fase III del crecimiento de Bt, contrastando con la producción de endosporas y en consecuencia proteínas totales en las cuales  e incluyen el aumento de las δ-endotoxinas.
Sistemas de administración de estatinas en el tratamiento de la periodontitis: una revisión de literatura
Authors: Cárdenas Gutiérrez Angélica María , Fernández Alejandra , Pieschacón María Paulina , Navarro Gonzalo
Published: August 2019

La periodontitis es la inflamación de los tejidos periodontales que puede causar destrucción de los tejidos de soporte del diente, ocasionando pérdida ósea y dental. La periodontitis crónica es causada por bacterias periodontopatógenas como Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitams, Tannerella forsythia y Treponema dentícola, que activan el sistema inmune innato y adaptativo. El tratamiento de la enfermedad periodontal involucra estrategias no quirúrgicas como el raspaje y alisado radicular y tratamiento adjunto que incluye la administración de antibióticos sistémicos y locales como metronidazol, amoxicilina, tetraciclinas, además del uso de estatinas; fármacos utilizados principalmente contra la hiperlipidemia como la simvastatina. El uso de estatinas en la enfermedad periodontal, es dado por su efecto antiinflamatorio, además de estimular la formación ósea, la angiogénesis y su actividad antimicrobiana. Para la aplicación de estos fármacos en el tratamiento de la periodontitis crónica se han utilizado diferentes medios de administración, como: geles, fibras, películas, vesículas, y nanopartículas, destacándose el gel como el sistema preferido para liberar y transportar estatinas, el cual reduce los efectos adversos de la administración sistémica y son más efectivos para la cicatrización ósea. En periodoncia, las estatinas han mostrado una disminución en los parámetros clínicos periodontales después de 6 meses de tratamiento. Sin embargo, existen pocas revisiones temáticas que permitan a la comunidad académica reunir la información pertinente al respecto. Por lo anterior, se vio la necesidad de realizar una revisión de la literatura con el fin de describir los sistemas de administración local y sistémica de estatinas en el tratamiento de la periodontitis.
Uso de analgésicos antiinflamatorios no esteroidales en ortodoncia: Revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Álvarez-Parker María Catalina , Rojas-Cáceres Daniela Andrea , Terán-Quezada Katerín Nicol
Published: August 2019

Un 90% de los pacientes con tratamiento de ortodoncia relatan presentar dolor postoperatorio a la aplicación de fuerzas mecánicas, alcanzando el máximo disconfort a las 24 horas. Estudios sugieren como método de elección el uso de analgésicos antiinflamatorios no esteroidales (AINES) para el control y manejo del dolor. El objetivo de la presente revisión fue evaluar literatura existente sobre AINES utilizados en pacientes sometidos a tratamientos ortodóncicos y su relación con el proceso inflamatorio, revisar alternativas farmacológicas y sugerir el medicamento más apropiado para el manejo y control del dolor. Para llevar a cabo este estudio se utilizaron bases de datos como Pubmed, Scielo, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, y Google Académico, teniendo como límites de búsqueda documentos publicados entre los años 2006 y 2018, a excepción de dos estudios, uno del año 1996 y otro del 2000, los cuáles proporcionaron información de suma relevancia. Se consideraron artículos como revisiones sistemáticas, estudios prospectivos y retrospectivos. Se concluyó que es importante manejar el dolor involucrado en los tratamientos ortodóncicos sin interferir en el proceso inflamatorio que lo acompaña. Al analizar diferentes AINES no se observaron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la reducción del dolor, a excepción del Paracetamol, el cual se considera el más apropiado, debido a que este concentra su acción a nivel del SNC, no alterando la síntesis de prostaglandinas y permitiendo el movimiento dental. Se sugiere que se hagan estudios sobre medicamentos como Indometacina, Diclofenaco, Flurbiprofeno y Etoricoxib, debido a que existe escaza evidencia al respecto.
Identidad y desarrollo con las mujeres Xi’oi de San José de las Flores, Arroyo Seco, Querétaro, México
Authors: Guevara Hernández Ilithya
Published: August 2019

El desarrollo es uno de los elementos que ha marcado la vida del medio rural en América Latina, particularmente en México, por más de 50 años, y que, a pesar de que en el discurso político “busca mejorar las condiciones de vida de los otros”, va dejando a su paso pobreza y marginación. San José de las Flores es una comunidad indígena-mestiza a la que el desarrollo le ha llegado no solo como un proceso de cambio para una vida mejor, sino como algo que redefine su identidad social, pues, aun con los objetivos planteados, etiqueta a sus habitantes como “pobres y necesitados” y marca la pauta de lo que deberían aspirar para ser desarrollados. A partir de la metodología cualitativa, combinando las estancias de campo, entrevistas a profundidad, la observación participante y el intercambio con la comunidad, el objetivo del presente artículo es entender el papel que la identidad social juega en los procesos de desarrollo, como uno de los elementos que determina el desenlace de los proyectos con un impacto social no deseado, con énfasis en la perspectiva de género en dicho proceso.
Volver a la tierra: retorno migratorio y recampesinización forzada en el Valle del Mezquital, México
Authors: Contreras Román Raúl Hernán
Published: August 2019

Ligado a la crisis económica de Estados Unidos que estalló a finales de 2007, el Valle del Mezquital ha experimentado un alto retorno migratorio. En esta región, la migración internacional había definido parte fundamental de la dinámica económica desde finales del siglo pasado. El autor plantea la interrogante: ¿De qué manera se relacionan con la actividad campesina los migrantes internacionales retornados desde Estados Unidos al Valle del Mezquital? En su respuesta, concluye la emergencia de un proceso de recampesinización forzada por las condiciones de la agricultura y el mercado de trabajo local.
Imaginario social y participación juvenil: realidades desde el Corregimiento de El Plateado, Municipio de Argelia Cauca
Authors: Arboleda Suarez Denis Antonio
Published: August 2019

El siguiente documento hace parte de los resultados de un trabajo de investigación titulado ‘‘Identidades, proyectos de vida y participación comunitaria de los jóvenes en el Corregimiento de El Plateado, Municipio de Argelia Cauca –Colombia’’ realizado como tesis de Maestría en Desarrollo Comunitario Sustentable de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, ejercicio en el cual se realiza una caracterización de los jóvenes y las juventudes y se intenta comprender los significados, obstáculos e identificar espacios en los cuales los jóvenes construyen sus proyectos de vida, al igual que sus formas y mecanismos de participación; intentando visibilizar su capacidad de acción colectiva desde algunos escenarios locales como Juventud Rebelde, las Juntas de Acción Comunal, organizaciones sociales como ASCAMTA, CNA, o acciones desde los jóvenes estudiantes; pero a su vez, develando limitantes que dificultan su real participación a partir de la ausencia de una identidad local definida, persecución a líderes sociales, poca visibilización de los procesos juveniles, predominancia de una cultura adultocentrista, ausencia de acciones claras de apoyo en espacios gubernamentales locales, entre otras . El documento gira entorno a aspectos conceptuales referentes a la construcción del imaginario social colectivo y la participación juvenil, para luego presentar significados que se tejen en algunos espacios locales en los cuales los sujetos vienen teniendo una importante acción colectiva. Se identifican a su vez los principales obstáculos que impiden o limitan el desarrollo de una tarea más decidida en los espacios colectivos y se describen cuatro escenarios desde los cuales los jóvenes vienen construyendo ese sujeto político que busca reivindicar y visibilizar su capacidad de organización.
A abordagem bilíngue para crianças com surdez e a prática docente: em perspectiva, os objetos de aprendizagem
Authors: Aparício Ana Silvia Moço , Oliveira Amanda Cavalcante , Renders Elizabete Cristina Costa
Published: August 2019

Apresenta os resultados parciais de uma pesquisa que objetiva, de forma geral, investigar as práticas adotadas na abordagem bilíngue para crianças com surdez, em salas de aula regular. De modo específico, busca compreender como se dá o uso e circulação da Libras (Língua Brasileira de Sinais) e do Português em duas salas de uma escola de educação infantil. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa empírica de carácter qualitativo, cujo objeto de estudos é a prática docente em uma escola vinculada à rede pública de ensino de uma cidade da região do grande ABCD paulista, Brasil.  Os procedimentos metodológicos se deram em três etapas: entrevista semiestruturada com quatro professoras, observação em sala de aula e desenvolvimento de objeto de aprendizagem. Esta investigação toma como aportes teóricos: a linguagem como prática social (BAKHTIN, 1986), a surdez como experiência visual (SKLIAR, 1999) e a abordagem bilíngue para surdos (FAVORITO; SILVA, 2008). Os resultados preliminares apontaram para a constituição de dois momentos distintos na escola. Primeiro: o atendimento educacional especializado (AEE) em Libras, no período regular, por meio da parceria entre o professor regente e o professor mediador. Segundo: o atendimento educacional especializado em Português, realizado com o uso da língua de instrução da criança com surdez (a Libras), trabalhando a língua adicional (o Português) na modalidade escrita. Constatou-se a necessidade de mediações sígnicas acessíveis (REILY, 2004) no trabalho interacional e do desenvolvimento de objetos de aprendizagem que atendam aos critérios de acessibilidade, interatividade, cooperação, cognição, afetividade, disponibilidade e reusabilidade (BRAGA, 2014).
Tunable Cloaking of Mexican-hat Confined States in Bilayer Silicene
Authors: Ho Le Bin , Tran Lan Nguyen
Published: August 2019

We present the ballistic quantum transport of a p-n-p bilayer silicene junction in the presence of spin-orbit coupling and electric field using a four-band model in combination with the transfer-matrix approach. A Mexican-hat shape of low-energy spectrum is observed similarly to bilayer graphene under an interalayer bias. We show that while bilayer silicene shares some physics with bilayer graphene, it has many intriguing phenomena that have not been reported for the latter. First, the confined state producing a significantly non-zero transmission in Mexican hat. Second, the cloaking of the Mexican-hat confined state is found. Third, we observe that the Mexican-hat cloaking results in a strong oscillation of conductance when the incident energy is below the potential height. Finally, unlike monolayer silicene, the conductance at large interlayer distances increases with the rise of electric field when the incident energy is above the potential height.
Simulation for Optimizing the Design of Cryogenic Stopping Cell for the IGISOL Facility at ELI-NP
Authors: Anh Le Tuan , Cuong Phan Viet , Constantin Paul , Balabanski Dimiter , Mei Bo , Ha Nguyen Hong , Thao Ho Thi , Thanh Kim Tien , Vinh Nguyen The , Khue Pham Duc
Published: August 2019

The production of the exotic neutron-rich ion beams from photofission of the actinide targets in an IGISOL facility will be studied via an experimental program that will take place at the Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP) facility. Geant4 simulation toolkit was used for optimizing the target configuration in order to maximize the rate of released photofission fragments from targets placed in a cell filled with He gas.
Caracterización generacional de la empresa el Salinerito de Guaranda
Authors: Villarreal Salazar Fernando Javier , Chuquín Héctor , Piaún Charfuelán Vanessa Isabel
Published: August 2019

Salinas, una parroquia rural del Cantón Guaranda de la Provincia de Bolívar en Ecuador, se ha convertido  en un referente organizacional de producción y desarrollo cooperativo o solidario en ese país, debido a una serie de eventos generacionales que marcaron significativamente su proceso. El estudio, desarrollado bajo  el enfoque cualitativo y modalidad de campo, caracterizó los factores que dinamizaron el desarrollo social  y productivo de la comunidad, a través de la indagación a tres generaciones: los pioneros, actualmente  no vinculados directamente a la administración de la organización; la generación intermedia, que ahora  gerencia los negocios de la localidad; y la tercera generación, que es la que tomará las riendas de sus organizaciones en el futuro. Los aspectos analizados incluyen los imaginarios colectivos de las tres generaciones, el nivel de apoyo de personas externas a la comunidad las actividades en cada generación, desde el  trabajo en mingas, pasando por la formación y capacitación en organización y tecnologías de producción  en derivados de la leche, hasta la incursión de sus productos en mercados nacionales e internacionales.  Se estudió la evolución organizacional desde el aspecto solidario y cooperativo hasta una visión con un  corte empresarial. Se utilizaron bases teóricas de capital social y se buscó así caracterizar a las tres generaciones; el resultado final fue aproximar las condiciones que determinaron sus formas de pensar y actuar.  Como conclusión se tiene que los factores que potencializaron el desarrollo productivo del Salinerito, se  enfocaron en el capital social de sus generaciones, arraigado en raíces de organización y comunidad.
Introducción a la teoría de la justicia económica
Authors: Ordoñez Chávez Jefersson , Rodríguez López Leticia
Published: August 2019

El artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un acercamiento conceptual y teórico en torno a la justicia económica de una manera formal pero comprensible para economistas y no economistas, y demostrar su importancia en la política económica de una sociedad. Para tal propósito, se utilizó un método analítico, realizando un escrutinio de la evidencia bibliográfica, la cual se concentró en la descripción teórico-formal de la justicia económica con carácter cualitativo, revisando los aportes desde la filosofía moral, analizados mediante el uso de herramientas económicas enfocadas en la justicia distributiva. En este sentido, se aclara el tipo de política económica que se debe aplicar según el concepto de justicia que sea aceptado. La conclusión más relevante radica en que todas las teorías de la justicia económica desarrolladas hasta el día de hoy, se construyen sobre una misma estructura esquemática, que se compone de los siguientes elementos: la descripción del contexto, esto es, el problema distributivo; el criterio ético de distribución, el comportamiento de las personas y el distribuendum. Sin embargo, según la teoría utilizada, el concepto de la justicia resulta diferente, lo que define el tipo de postura que la política económica tomará para enfrentar el problema de injusticia económica y mejorar el bienestar social.
Implementation of Boolean AND and OR Logic Gates with Biologically Reasonable Time Constants in Spiking Neural Networks
Authors: Sahni Lakshay , Chakraborty Debasrita , Ghosh Ashish
Published: August 2019

Latest developments in the field of power-efficient neural interface circuits provide an excellent platform for applications where power consumption is the primary concern. Developing neural networks to achieve pattern recognition on such hardware remains a daunting task owing to substantial computational complexity. We propose and demonstrate a Spiking Neural Network (SNN) with biologically reasonable time constants to implement basic Boolean Logic Gates. The same network can be further applied to more complex problem statements. We employ a frequency spike encoding for data representation in the model, and a simplified and computationally efficient model of a neuron with exponential synapses and Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP).
A Whole New Ball Game: Harvesting Game Data for Player Profiling
Authors: Samborskii Ivan , Farseev Aleksandr , Filchenkov Andrey , Chua Tat-Seng
Published: August 2019

Nowadays, video games play a very important role in human life and no longer purely associated with escapism or entertainment. In fact, gaming has become an essential part of our daily routines, which give rise to the exponential growth of various online game platforms. By participating in such platforms, individuals generate a multitude of game data points, which, for example, can be further used for automatic user profiling and recommendation applications. However, the literature on automatic learning from the game data is relatively sparse, which had inspired us to tackle the problem of player profiling in this first preliminary study. Specifically, in this work, we approach the task of player gender prediction based on various types of game data. Our initial experimental results inspire further research on user profiling in the game domain.
Desiderata for Interpretability: Explaining Decision Tree Predictions with Counterfactuals
Authors: Sokol Kacper , Flach Peter
Published: August 2019

Explanations in machine learning come in many forms, but a consensus regarding their desired properties is still emerging. In our work we collect and organise these explainability desiderata and discuss how they can be used to systematically evaluate properties and quality of an explainable system using the case of class-contrastive counterfactual statements. This leads us to propose a novel method for explaining predictions of a decision tree with counterfactuals. We show that our model-specific approach exploits all the theoretical advantages of counterfactual explanations, hence improves decision tree interpretability by decoupling the quality of the interpretation from the depth and width of the tree.
Identifying Bottlenecks in Practical SAT-Based Model Finding for First-Order Logic Ontologies with Datasets
Authors: Stephen Shirly , Hahmann Torsten
Published: August 2019

Satisfiability of first-order logic (FOL) ontologies is typically verified by translation to propositional satisfiability (SAT) problems, which is then tackled by a SAT solver. Unfortunately, SAT solvers often experience scalability issues when reasoning with FOL ontologies and even moderately sized datasets. While SAT solvers have been found to capably handle complex axiomatizations, finding models of datasets gets considerably more complex and time-intensive as the number of clause exponentially increases with increase in individuals and axiomatic complexity. We identify FOL definitions as a specific bottleneck and demonstrate via experiments that the presence of many defined terms of the highest arity significantly slows down model finding. We also show that removing optional definitions and substituting these terms by their definiens leads to a reduction in the number of clauses, which makes SAT-based model finding practical for over 100 individuals in a FOL theory.
Improving Full-Body Pose Estimation from a Small Sensor Set Using Artificial Neural Networks and a Kalman Filter
Authors: Wouda Frank J. , Giuberti Matteo , Bellusci Giovanni , Van Beijnum Bert-Jan F. , Veltink Peter H.
Published: August 2019

Previous research has shown that estimating full-body poses from a minimal sensor set using a trained ANN without explicitly enforcing time coherence has resulted in output pose sequences that occasionally show undesired jitter. To mitigate such effect, we propose to improve the ANN output by combining it with a state prediction using a Kalman Filter. Preliminary results are promising, as the jitter effects are diminished. However, the overall error does not decrease substantially.
Adversarial Framing for Image and Video Classification
Authors: Zajac Michał , Zołna Konrad , Rostamzadeh Negar , Pinheiro Pedro O.
Published: August 2019

Neural networks are prone to adversarial attacks. In general, such attacks deteriorate the quality of the input by either slightly modifying most of its pixels, or by occluding it with a patch. In this paper, we propose a method that keeps the image unchanged and only adds an adversarial framing on the border of the image. We show empirically that our method is able to successfully attack state-of-theart methods on both image and video classification problems. Notably, the proposed method results in a universal attack which is very fast at test time. Source code can be found at github.com/zajaczajac/adv_framing.
Computing Argumentative Explanations in Bipolar Argumentation Frameworks
Authors: Zeng Zhiwei , Miao Chunyan , Leung Cyril , Shen Zhiqi , Chin Jing Jih
Published: August 2019

The process of arguing is also the process of justifying and explaining. Here, we focus on argumentative explanations in Abstract Bipolar Argumentation. We propose new defence and acceptability semantics, which operates on both attack and support relations, and use them to formalize two types of explanations, concise and strong explanations. We also show how to compute the explanations with Bipolar Dispute Trees.
Detecting Incongruity between News Headline and Body Text via a Deep Hierarchical Encoder
Authors: Yoon Seunghyun , Park Kunwoo , Shin Joongbo , Lim Hongjun , Won Seungpil , Cha Meeyoung , Jung Kyomin
Published: August 2019

Some news headlines mislead readers with overrated or false information, and identifying them in advance will better assist readers in choosing proper news stories to consume. This research introduces million-scale pairs of news headline and body text dataset with incongruity label, which can uniquely be utilized for detecting news stories with misleading headlines. On this dataset, we develop two neural networks with hierarchical architectures that model a complex textual representation of news articles and measure the incongruity between the headline and the body text. We also present a data augmentation method that dramatically reduces the text input size a model handles by independently investigating each paragraph of news stories, which further boosts the performance. Our experiments and qualitative evaluations demonstrate that the proposed methods outperform existing approaches and efficiently detect news stories with misleading headlines in the real world.
Morphometry: Mouse v1
Authors: Leiter Ed
Published: August 2019

Summary: This protocol describes a number of the measurements that are made on the mouse anatomy. Edited by: DiaComp Membership Diabetic Complications:
Biochemical Measures of Neuropathy - GSSG (Non-Enzymatic) v1
Authors: Feldman Eva
Published: August 2019

Summary: Oxidative stress is highly correlated with the metabolic changes caused by hyperglycemia. Increased levels of glucose overload mitochondria and result in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the flow of excess glucose through cellular pathways decreases the cell’s normal ability to detoxify ROS. As a result, the neurons and axons of the peripheral nervous system contain increased levels of ROS and decreased antioxidant capacity. The following assays are used to measure these changes in rodent models of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic Complication:
Biochemical Measures of Neuropathy - Glutathione Peroxidase v1
Authors: Feldman Eva
Published: August 2019

Summary: Oxidative stress is highly correlated with the metabolic changes caused by hyperglycemia. Increased levels of glucose overload mitochondria and result in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the flow of excess glucose through cellular pathways decreases the cell’s normal ability to detoxify ROS. As a result, the neurons and axons of the peripheral nervous system contain increased levels of ROS and decreased antioxidant capacity. The following assays are used to measure these changes in rodent models of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic Complication:
Quantitative analysis of methylation and hydroxymethylation using oXBS-qMSP v1
Authors: Hernandez-Vargas Hector , Goldsmith Chloe
Published: August 2019

There are several tools for investigating the methylation status of genomic DNA; many of these are expensive, do not allow for quantification or are unable to distinguish intermediary methylation metabolites such as 5-hydroxymethylation. Since significant changes in methylation status can be very small, the development of highly sensitive techniques is important for validating high throughput base resolution techniques. To this end, we developed a quantitative methyl specific PCR method based on oxidative bisulfite converted DNA. By designing primers specific for methylated and unmethylated DNA we are able to quantify the "real" methylation (5mC) and the hydroxymethylation (5hmC) at specific loci. This technique is important for understanding the methylation status of a region quickly and also as a tool for validating methyl-seq data.
Human Liver Tissue Dissociation for 10x Single Cell RNA-seq v1
Authors: Sharma Ankur
Published: August 2019

Liver Tissue dissociation of single-cell RNA-seq (10x Single-cell RNA-seq)
V.P. Zhukovsky’s role in the development of domestic pediatrics and neonatology
Authors: Mikirtichan Galina L.
Published: August 2019

Vasily Pavlovich Zhukovsky (1861–1938) belongs to Russian pediatricians who pioneered the field of pediatrics in 19th – beginning of 20th centuries and established it as an independent branch of medicine, however, his representation in modern history of medicine literature is lamentably scarce. He contributed a lot in institutionalization of pediatrics, worked out new actual problems of pediatrics. His doctoral dissertation subject was problem of rickets, a vaguely known disease in those days. V.P. Zhukovsky was one of the first to study special features in physiology and pathology in newborns, he wrote one of the first Russian manuals in neonatology “Diseases of newborn children” published in 1897. He is also the author of a special monograph “Congenital heart defects in children at birth” (St. Petersburg, 1913). He paid a lot of attention to the problems of infant mortality, especially newborn mortality; clearly raised the question of necessity of antenatal care of the fetus and of the obstetricians and pediatricians’ team working. He contributed a lot in organization of teaching of pediatrics, to amelioration of work of the children ambulatories and the department for the newborns at St. Petersburg obstetrical institution (nowadays Maternity clinic number 6 named after Professor V.F. Snegiryov), where he worked from 1897 to 1910 as one of the first Russian neonatologists. He can be by right considered one of the pioneers of Russian neonatology as he stand at the origins of new branches of Russian pediatrics such as neonatology, pediatric neurology and cardiology.
Tuberculosis infection in children with negative reactions to the diaskintest
Authors: Yarovaya Yulia A. , Lozovskaya Marina E. , Klochkova Ludmila V. , Vasilieva Elena B. , Stepanov Gennadii A. , Mosina Anna V.
Published: August 2019

Variants of the course of tuberculosis infection in 54 children from two to 14 years old, negatively reacting to a sample with an allergen tuberculosis recombinant (Diaskintest) were analyzed. There were 3 groups: 1st – 27 children infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT), 50. 0% of cases; 2nd – 16 children with newly diagnosed residual post-tuberculosis changes (OPTI), 29. 6% of cases; 3rd group – 11 patients with active tuberculosis, 20. 4% of cases.

Methods of examination: intradermal Mantoux test with 2TE and Diaskintest, according to the testimony of a number of patients in vitro tests: QuantiFERON test (QFT), – SPOT test.TV, multispiral computed tomography, bacteriological, molecular genetic methods of investigation on MBT. The method of mass tuberculin diagnostics revealed 70. 4 ± 8. 8% of children of the 1st group, 93. 8 ± 4. 7% of the 2nd group and 54. 6 ± 15. 0% of children of the 3rd group. The duration of infection with MBT in children was different and was less than 1 year in children of the 1st and 2nd groups – 51. 9 ± 9. 6% and 43. 8 ± 12. 4% of cases, respectively, which was significantly more frequent than in patients of the 3rd group (18. 2 ± 11. 6% of cases). Tuberculosis disease occurred in the form of complicated forms of the primary period-in 45. 5 ± 15. 0 % of cases, uncomplicated forms – in 27. 3 ± 3. 4% of cases, generalized lesions – in 27. 3 ± 13. 4% of cases. Diagnosis of a specific lesion occurred equally in the manifest phases of inflammation: infiltration, infiltration and decay (45. 5 ± 15. 0% of cases), and in the phase of ongoing reverse development (incomplete calcination – in 45. 5 ± 15. 0% of cases), one child had a combination of infiltration and calcination phases (9. 1 ± 8. 7% of cases). Residual posttuberculosis changes in children of group 2 were more often formed in the form of calcifications in the organs of the thoracic cavity – in 87. 5% of cases, in 12. 5 ± 8. 3% of patients OPTI was formed by the formation of seals.

Conclusion: in children with negative reactions to the Diaskintest requires individual comprehensive diagnosis of tuberculosis infection.
Navigation template for vertebral pedicle passage in transpedicular screw fixation
Authors: Kosulin Artem V. , Elyakin Dmitriy V. , Lebedeva Kristina D. , Sukhomlinova Aleksandra E. , Kozlova Ekaterina A. , Orekhova Anna E.
Published: August 2019

Transpedicular screw fixation is the most established means to stabilize the spine. Present study evaluates personalized navigation templates application for vertebral pedicle passage. Navigation templates were used for inserting 35 transpedicular screws in 5 patients with spinal deformity (age 2–16). Each patient underwent computed tomography preoperatively. Acquired data was processed into a virtual 3d-model of target zone. Life size virtual pedicular probes were placed onto transpedicular trajectories determined on multiplanar cross-sections of the model. Navigation template was created by modification and union of geometric primitives. Target zone model and navigation template were made with PLA by 3D-printer. In surgery the template was placed on skeletonized posterior surface of appropriate vertebrae. After confirmation of template stability trajectories were passed to a depth of 20 mm through guiding tubes by pedicular probe. Resulting channels were controlled with ball tip feeler, and the full depth trajectories were made by free hand technique. Postoperatively screws placement accuracy was assessed by plain X-rays in each patient. Two patients (16 screws) also underwent computed tomography. In these patients screw placement accuracy was assessed by system based on 2 mm breach increments. 15 screws (93. 7%) were fully contained within the pedicle (grade 0), 1 screw breached external cortex of the pedicle by 0. 8 mm (grade 1). Efficacy and safety of navigation template for transpedicular screws insertion was demonstrated.
Computer diagnostic features combining different types of radiographs of the maxillofacial area
Authors: Subbotin Roman S. , Puzdyreva Margarita N. , Fomin Igor V. , Fishchev Sergey B. , Kondratyuk Andrey A.
Published: August 2019

The introduction of new digital technologies into clinical practice and the improvement of X-ray equipment made it possible to widely use the method of cone-beam computed tomography and other X-ray methods of research. However, it is necessary to improve diagnostic methods by combining different research methods.

Aim. Improvement of the method of investigation of the spatial arrangement of elements of the temporomandibular joint and medial incisors of the upper and lower jaw.

Materials and methods. The study analyzed teleroentgenogram in the lateral projection and computed tomography of 292 people with no signs of organic pathology of the maxillofacial region. Generally accepted in orthodontics morphological points and anatomical landmarks were used.

Results. The proposed method of combining computer tomography mandibular joint and medial cuts antagonists with teleroentgenograms of the head in lateral projection. The main reference points were the C points at the top of the articular process and the auditory passage of tomograms, which were combined with respect to the craniocerebral horizontal. When applying tomograms cutters guidance was conditional median vertical cutters, which were combined with lines forming mezhrassovyy angle teleroentgenogram, as well as the front vertical face (N – Pg), and the period Pg.

Conclusion. The study proposed matching algorithm telerentgenogram and some portions of the tomograms of the temporomandibular joints and the medial incisors in the occlusal relationship.
Peculiarities of the heart rate variability at patients with acute disorder of cerebral circulation depending on localisation of ischemic damage
Authors: Nikolaev Valentin I. , Denisenko Nataliya P. , Brega Anastasiya V. , Denisenko Marya D.
Published: August 2019

Features of the heart rate variability at patients with acute disorder of cerebral circulation depending on localisation of ischemic damage and type of hemodynamics were studied in acute period of disease and in a condition of relative functional rest. Surveyed men and women (30–55 years old) were divided into 3 groups: patients with ischemic damage to the area of the left average brain artery, right average brain artery and with ischemia in vertebro-basilar department. According to indicators of the integral rheography of the body which was carried out in the acute period of a disease, patients of each group were divided into subgroups depending on hemodynamics type – with hyper dynamic, hypo dynamic and normo dynamic type of blood circulation. It was revealed that the highest activity of sympathetic link of regulation and also higher values of the index of tension and the index of vegetative balance characterized patients with ischemia in the area of right average brain artery and hyper dynamic type of blood circulation. The indicator of activity of regulatory systems characterized “overstrain of regulatory mechanisms” and also “exhaustion of mechanisms of regulation” at patients of this group in the acute period. However upon repeated examination 7 days later revealed the significant reduction of the values of the indicator of activity of regulatory systems. Similar indicators of the heart rate variability were found at patients with ischemic damage in the area of right average brain artery and normo dynamic type of blood circulation. Thus, it was detected that the greatest disorders of regulation of the cardiovascular system were characteristic of patients with ischemia in the area of right average brain artery both hyper dynamic and normo dynamic blood circulation types. Activation of parasympathetic and suppression of sympathetic link of regulation were noted in all patients on the seventh day of hospital stay regardless of localisation of ischemic damage and type of hemodynamics.