bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glomerulonephritis Caused by Murine Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Lussier Gilles
Published: January 2017

Murine cytomegalovirus was found to be highly nephrotropic in mice treated with antithymocyte serum. The earliest histologic change was characteristic intranuclear inclusions in the glomerular endothelial cells. This change was followed by an eosinophilic thickening of the glomerular capillary loops. In later stages, proliferation of capsular epithelial cells and glomerular sclerosis was prominent. Tubular casts were present, and perivascular lymphoid aggregations were seen in the medulla and juxtamedullary section 56 days after inoculation. No conspicuous lesions occurred in uninfected mice treated with antithymocyte serum or in untreated infected mice. The possible mechanisms of the renal lesions are discussed.
Pulmonary Hyalinosis in Dogs
Authors: Dagle G. E. , Filipy R. E. , Adee R. R. , Stuart B. O.
Published: January 2017

Pulmonary hyalinosis occurred in Beagles exposed to radon daughters with uranium ore dust. The lesion was composed of alveolar cells distended with material positive for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and oil red O that ultrastructurally consisted of a whorled arrangement of lamellar membranes suggestive of a storage disease. The high incidence in exposed dogs and the ultrastructural appearance suggested the material originated endogenously as a degenerative response to injury.
Progestogen-Related Gross and Microscopic Changes in Female Beagles
Authors: Nelson L. W. , Kelly W. A.
Published: January 2017

Long-term studies of megestrol acetate and chlormadinone acetate in 100 female dogs are in progress. Doses of zero, one, 10 and 25 times the expected human dose of megestrol acetate and 25 times the expected human dose of chlormadinone acetate (on a milligram per kilogram body weight basis) are being given daily. During the first 4 years, eight dogs from each of the five groups were killed. The principal gross findings included enlarged uteri with mucoid material in the lumina, mammary development in dogs given middle and high doses of megestrol acetate and chlormadinone acetate, and thickened gallbladder walls in dogs given high doses of each. Histologic evaluation showed inhibition of ovulation for progestogen-treated dogs and suppression of ovarian follicular development with the high doses. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia was slight in the low-dose dogs and moderate to severe in most of the high-dose dogs; a few also had ulcerative endometritis and pyometra. The mammary glands of dogs given the middle and high doses produced lobules, acini, and secretion exceeding natural metestrus. Slight to marked cystic mucinous hyperplasia occurred in the gallbladders of most dogs given the high doses. Two high-dose megestrol dogs had clinical signs and microscopic pancreatic, renal, and ocular changes indicative of diabetes mellitus.
Thymomas in Domestic Animals
Authors: Parker G. A. , Casey H. W.
Published: January 2017

A retrospective study of 15 thymomas in domestic animals showed four animals had antemortem signs of dyspnea and grossly visible lumps in the thoracic inlet. The neoplasms were single, multilobulated, encapsulated masses in the anterior mediastinum or thoracic inlet. Cells with clear cytoplasm comprised the bulk of two canine thymomas, whereas the remaining neoplasms had a mixed population of ovoid and spindle-shaped cells. There were lymphocyte populations of varying density in all thymomas. Three thymomas contained structures similar to hyalinized cells and Hassall's corpuscles of normal thymus. Metastatic lesions were not seen but there were implantations on the pericardium in one cat. There was capsular invasion in the ovine thymomas.
Phycomycotic Gastritis in Buffalo Calves (Bubalis bubalis)
Authors: Kharole M. U. , Gupta P. P. , Singh Balwant , Mandal P. C. , Hothi D. S.
Published: January 2017

Mycotic gastritis, primarily caused by Rhizopus sp. was seen in six buffalo calves (7–13 days old) at postmortem examination. The predominant lesions were numerous raised ulcers in which were hyphae of Rhizopus. In three calves, Candida organisms were also present superficially in the ulcers. Other changes in the mucosa were severe congestion, haemorrhage, thrombosis, necrosis, and infiltration by lymphocytes and neutrophils. Both Rhizopus and Candida were highly pathogenic to rabbits when inoculated intravenously. The disease could not be reproduced experimentally by feeding of Rhizopus orally to rabbits and calves.
A Study of Swine Dysentery by Immunofluorescence and Histology
Authors: Hughes R. , Olander H. J. , Kanitz D. L. , Qureshi S.
Published: January 2017

Twenty-six specific-pathogen-free pigs were fed pure cultures of Treponema hyodysenteriae. Five untreated pigs were controls. Distribution of this large spirochete in pigs with swine dysentery was shown by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. Findings by this method were compared with those from dark-field examination of colonic mucosal scrapings and from tissue sections. The cultures caused mucohemorrhagic colitis which by 10 days after inoculation was indistinguishable from the colitis of swine dysentery. Control pigs remained normal. Pigs killed when spirochetes were first seen in their feces had normal colonic mucosa with only a few spirochetes. At the first sign of diarrhea, however, the colonic mucosa was thicker than normal and had many spirochetes. T. hyodysenteriae was confined to regions of hypertrophy and exudation of the large intestine mucosa throughout the course of disease.
Gynecologic Pathology in the Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: DiGiacomo R. F.
Published: January 2017

The most prevalent findings in reproductive tracts of 38 laboratory and 17 free-ranging Rhesus female monkeys were vaginitis, cervicitis, metritis, pelvic endometriosis and uterine adenomyosis. Several monkeys had cervical dysplasia and one had a serous cystadenoma. The findings in the two groups were similar although prevalence for several diseases differed. There was a significant relationship between the occurrence of vaginitis, metritis, adenomyosis and endometriosis and gravidity, time since last pregnancy, number of matings, hysterotomies, reproductive ability and reproductive status.
Canine Gastrointestinal Neoplasms
Authors: Patnaik A. K. , Hurvitz A. I. , Johnson G. F.
Published: January 2017

In a review of 10 270 canine necropsies, 55 neoplasms of the stomach and 64 neoplasms of the small and large intestines were diagnosed. A significant number of these neoplasms were malignant ( P < 0.005) and epithelial ( P < 0.005). Adenocarcinomas of gastric and intestinal origin were in dogs younger than the average age of 10 years. Average age for dogs with connective tissue neoplasms was higher than that for those with adenocarcinomas, and there was a difference in median ages of the various types of neoplasms. There was a higher percentage (65%) of gastric and intestinal adenocarcinomas in male dogs, whereas leiomyosarcomas of the intestines were more frequent in female dogs. Although no breed predisposition was found in dogs with gastric neoplasms, a significant number of the intestinal neoplasms ( P < 0.005), especially the adenocarcinomas, occurred in the Collie ( P < 0.05) and German Shepherd ( P < 0.05) breeds. Twenty-six percent of the leiomyosarcomas also occurred in the German Shepherds. Half of the gastric adenocarcinomas occurred in the pyloric region ( P < 0.005), and the greater curvature was the next most common site. The rectum was the most common site of intestinal adenocarcinomas, then the colon and duodenum. Leiomyosarcomas were more frequent in the intestines and occurred more commonly at sites where adenocarcinomas were less frequent. In contrast to all other types of intestinal neoplasms, primary lymphosarcomas of the intestines usually affected many segments. Four carcinoid tumors of the duodenum and colon were seen. Of the very rare neoplasms, there were two neurilemomas, both of the duodenum and having the same gross and histologic characteristics of this tumor in other locations.
Bacterial Adherence in Mastitis Caused by Escherichia coli
Authors: Anderson J. C. , Burrows M. R. , Bramley A. J.
Published: January 2017

The possible role of bacterial adherence in the pathogenesis of experimental mastitis in the mouse was examined with four strains of Escherichia coli. Two of these strains had a known adhesion antigen (K88) and two did not.

The K88 antigen did not play a significant role in the virulence or infectivity of E. coli either in the murine or bovine mammary gland. Two E. coli strains, W1 (K88+) and J2 (K88−) were virulent in the mouse but did not adhere to epithelial cells. Both these strains produced clinical mastitis in the cow. A third strain, D282 (K88−), produced mild disease in the mouse but was avirulent in the cow. The fourth strain, 233/1D (K88+), was avirulent in both the mouse and the cow.

Strains D282 and 233/1D were killed rapidly by bovine serum whilst J2 and W1 were more resistant. All strains were more sensitive than the control resistant strain E. coli P4, which is known to be highly virulent for the lactating udder.
A Spectrum of Hypereosinophilic Syndromes Exemplified by Six Cats with Eosinophilic Enteritis
Authors: Hendrick M.
Published: January 2017

Of six cats with eosinophilic enteritis, two had lesions confined to the intestinal tract, and four had varied disseminated eosinophilic infiltration of other organs. The lesions in these cats are similar to those of the hypereosinophilic syndrome in man. A feline hypereosinophilic syndrome is proposed, consisting of eosinophilic enteritis, disseminated eosinophilic disease, and eosinophilic leukemia.
Involution Abnormalities in the Postpartum Uterus of the Bitch
Authors: Al-Bassam M. A. , Thomson R. G. , O'Donnell L.
Published: January 2017

Of 95 reproductive tracts from postpartum bitches, 20 had subinvolution of the placental sites. Grossly, the placental sites were hemorrhagic and about twice the size of normal sites at the same time after parturition. Microscopically, large masses of collagen, hemorrhage and dilated endometrial glands were in the endometrial sites. The myometrium was invaded in many areas by trophoblast-like cells from the endometrium. Variations in the size of placental sites in the same uterus were found in eight cases, and histological variations in the involution process in five. Invasion of the myometrium by trophoblast-like cells four days after parturition was seen in one bitch.
Induction of Retinal Degeneration in Cats by Methylnitrosourea and Ketamine Hydrochloride
Authors: Schaller J. P. , Wyman M. , Weisbrode S. E. , Olsen R. G.
Published: January 2017

Persistent mydriasis seen in cats used in an oncology study apparently was not related to neoplasia. Opthalmoscopically, the cats had severely atrophic retinas and clinically observable visual impairment. These findings were confirmed by electroretinographic and histologic examination. Cats with these retinal lesions had received combinations of methylnitrosourea, ketamine hydrochloride, and feline leukemia virus. Retinopathy was not seen in ketamine-anesthetized cats receiving feline leukemia virus. To test the nature of this phenomenon, four cats were given both drugs and three received methylnitrosourea alone. The four cats developed severe generalized retinal degeneration by day 5, whereas the three cats given methylnitrosourea alone had normal retinas. Histologic changes in the affected cats were extensive loss of rods and cones, and of the outer nuclear layer. The electroretinographic responses to white light were depressed or extinguished. Retinal degeneration, therefore, appeared to be dependent upon administration of both methylnitrosourea and ketamine hydrochloride.
Characterization of a Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Isolate
Authors: Evermann J. F. , Baumgartener L. , Ott R. L. , Davis E. V. , McKeirnan A. J.
Published: January 2017

A virus isolated in cell culture from the spleen of a cat with feline infectious peritonitis was identified by physicochemical, morphological and antigenic criteria as a coronavirus. The feline infectious peritonitis virus was compared in vitro with canine coronavirus, a reported enteric pathogen of dogs. The feline isolate was characterized, by chloroform sensitivity and resistance to 5-iododeoxyuridine, respectively, as containing essential lipid and an RNA genome. Other traits of the isolate included resistance to acidic conditions, heat lability, and resistance to trypsin. Electron microscopy showed viral particles with a structure consistent with that of the prototype of the coronavirus group, infectious bronchitis virus.

Indirect immunofluorescence with canine coronavirus monospecific antiserum showed the viral isolate to be antigenically related to canine coronavirus.

Specific-pathogen-free cats inoculated by various routes with cell-culture-propagated virus had both clinical symptoms and lesions consistent with feline infectious peritonitis.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism in German Shepherd Dogs: A Disorder of Probable Genetic Origin
Authors: Thompson K. G. , Jones L. P. , Smylie W. A. , Quick C. B. , Segre G. V. , Meuten D. J. , Petrites-Murphy M. B.
Published: January 2017

Primary hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed in two German shepherd pups from a litter of four females. Clinical signs were apparent by two weeks of age and included stunted growth, muscular weakness, and polydipsia/polyuria. Radiography revealed diffuse reduction in bone density. Both pups had marked hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, increased plasma immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentrations and increased fractional clearance of inorganic phosphate in the urine. Intravenous infusion of one affected pup with calcium gluconate failed to suppress the plasma concentration of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, suggesting autonomous secretion of parathyroid hormone. Necropsy of the other pup at eight weeks of age revealed diffuse hyperplasia of parathyroid chief cells, nodular hyperplasia of thyroid C-cells, skeletal alterations consistent with fibrous osteodystrophy, hypercalcemic nephropathy, and extensive mineralization of the lungs and gastric mucosa. The dam and sire were half sibs. One male pup from a previous litter of six had developed similar clinical signs and radiographic lesions, suggesting autosomal recessive inheritance. This is the first report of hereditary primary hyperparathyroidism in domestic animals, a disease which may be analogous to hereditary neonatal primary hyperparathyroidism in children.
The Toxicity of Cyclopiazonic Acid in Weaned Pigs
Authors: Lomax L. G. , Cole R. J. , Dorner J. W.
Published: January 2017

Five- to six-week-old crossbred pigs weighing 5 to 14 kg were given purified cyclopiazonic acid at dosages of 10, 1.0, 0.1, and 0.01 mg/kg body weight orally for 14 days. Clinical signs observed by day 7 in pigs given 10 mg/kg body weight were weakness, inactivity, anorexia, rough hair coats, and reduced body weights. These pigs also developed diarrhea during week 2 of the experiment. The pigs given 1.0 mg/kg body weight had rough hair coats and were moderately inactive during the second week of the experiment. At necropsy, lesions were observed only in pigs given 10 and 1.0 mg/kg body weight of cyclopiazonic acid. Lesions were gastric ulcers, mucosal hyperemia, and hemorrhage throughout the small and large intestine in pigs given 10 mg/kg body weight of cyclopiazonic acid. The pigs also had yellow, fibrinonecrotic material in the lumen of the small intestine and pale livers. One pig given 1.0 mg/kg body weight had gastric ulceration. Microscopic lesions in pigs given 10 mg/kg body weight were necrotizing gastroenteritis, focal hepatocellular necrosis, hepatic peripheral lobular fatty change, and focal renal tubular nephrosis with focal suppurative tubulointerstitial nephritis. Pigs given 1.0 mg/kg body weight of cyclopiazonic acid had necrotizing gastritis and villous blunting in the jejunum and ileum.
Malignant Histiocytosis of Bernese Mountain Dogs
Authors: Moore P. F. , Rosin A.
Published: January 2017

A second histiocytic proliferative disorder, which resembled malignant histiocytosis of man, was identified in 13 Bernese mountain dogs. Malignant histiocytosis was clearly distinct from systemic histiocytosis, which was reported earlier in this breed. Eleven cases involved male dogs. Ten dogs occurred in the same family line as the dogs afflicted with systemic histiocytosis. Clinical or radiological evidence of pulmonary involvement was present in nine dogs. Neurological disturbances were present in five dogs. Anemia was observed in five dogs and was associated with prominent erythrophagocytosis in two instances. The clinical course was rapidly progressive. Necropsy examinations revealed that infiltrates were especially frequent in the lungs and hilar lymph nodes. Other lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and central nervous system were also frequently involved. Evidence for primary pulmonary involvement was present in seven dogs. The original diagnosis in seven cases was large cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung by light microscopy only. The infiltrates were composed of large, pleomorphic, phagocytic mononuclear cells and multinucleated giant cells which also manifested marked cytological atypia and numerous, frequently bizarre, mitotic figures. Ultrastructural studies and the immunohistochemical demonstration of lysozyme and α 1-antitrypsin in the tumor cells in the majority of cases were consistent with a macrophage origin.
A Progressive Spinal Myelinopathy in Beef Cattle
Authors: Richards R. B. , Edwards J. R.
Published: January 2017

Ataxia of the hind limbs in nine calves was associated with degenerative lesions in spinal white matter and neuronal chromatolysis in red nucleus, spinal grey matter and various nuclei of the medulla oblongata and cerebellum. The clinical signs and lesions were similar to those observed in enzootic ataxia of red deer and occurred predominantly in calves of the Murray Grey breed. The pathogenesis appears to involve a primary defect in central nervous system myelin with progressive myelin loss primarily in the spinal cord.
The central role of the occupational therapist in facilitating housing adaptations/home modifications for disabled children
Authors: Boniface Gail , Morgan Deborah
Published: January 2017

Introduction

Six reviews/inquiries into housing adaptations/home modifications processes occurred in Wales between 2004 and 2015. One resulted in the removal of the means test for children's Disabled Facilities Grants. This research investigated families' and professionals' experiences of the adaptations/home modification process to gain an understanding of their views and experiences.

Method

Mixed methods of an online questionnaire for professionals, and semi-structured interviews or an online questionnaire for families (depending on their preference), were employed. Forty-eight families participated and an additional 16 families responded to an online questionnaire. Analysis of qualitative data identified emergent themes, which are discussed in this article.

Findings

The themes were: poor information and communication mainly aimed at older adults; negative experience of the process; and the positive impact of the completed adaptation. Additionally, whilst undergoing the process, families felt that they needed a contact to guide them through the process. This contact was often by default the community occupational therapist.

Conclusion

A single contact person should be made available for families; occupational therapists should consider their part in that role; more specific information on children's needs should be provided; families need to recognize the part they can play in adding to delays in the delivery of adaptations.
Twice as Much of Your Spirit: Pattern, Parallel and Paronomasia in the Miracles of Elijah and Elisha
Authors: Levine Nachman
Published: January 2017

Throughout the narrative of the prophet Elisha (2 Kgs 2–13), Elisha's miracles repeat and multiply elements of the miracles of his teacher Elijah (1 Kgs 17–2 Kgs 2), from whom he requested ‘twice as much as your spirit’ (2 Kgs 2.9). Common themes, motifs and wordplays in both narratives are used to connect, compare and contrast the two prophets and their relationship to each other and to the people of Israel to whom they minister. Common words (or plays on words), constructs, and literary motifs are used to link thematically Elisha's miracles with those of his mentor, from whom he draws his spirit, but differs markedly in his relationship to the society in which he operates.
Pharmacological Aspects and Neurological Speech Therapy: Target of Dysphony, Dysarthria and Dysphagia
Authors: Megna M. , Cortese R. , Dellomonaco A. , Bellomo Rg , Salonna I. , Cristella G. , Ranieri G.
Published: January 2017

The word dysphagy was suggested by Nicolatopoulos (1907) and derives from the ancient Greek “δυς”, which means “difficulty” and “καταπινειν”, which means “to swallow”. Generally, the dysphagy is defined on the basis of its origin: oral, pharynx and oesophagus, otherwise by its mechanical or neurological aetiology. The symptoms are dependent on the nature of the lesions in the affected organs. The swallow is a complex motor sequence dependent on the coordinate contraction of the muscle of mouth, of larynx and of the oesophagus. The mechanical action of the swallow helps the liquid or solid food progression from mouth to stomach thanks to cooperation of 31 muscles and 5 cranial nerves and allows swallowing about 580 times approximately. The dysphagy in neurological diseases is mainly due to the following reasons. Increase of vascular cerebro-disease, increase of population's age and increase of road and work traumas. The difficulties in swallowing causes heavy social problems like meager diet, social isolation and worsening of quality of life. The speech rehabilitation requires the involvement of care givers through a re-educational program that takes place in two periods: the first of relaxation, and the second of restoration of phonodeglutition praxis.
Combined Antimuscarinics for Treatment of Neurogenic Overactive Bladder
Authors: Nardulli R. , Losavio E. , Ranieri M. , Fiore P. , Megna G. , Bellomo R.G. , Cristella G. , Megna M.
Published: January 2017

Antimuscarinic drugs are the first line pharmacotherapy for overactive bladder, but they are not always effective to achieve complete continence. Nevertheless in some patients urodynamic investigations reveal insufficient effects with continuing incontinence events even with dose optimization. The aims of this study is to evaluate the effect of association of Oxybutynin chloride, Trospium chloride and Solifenacin succinate administered orally for a minimum of 12 weeks in subjects with suprasacral spinal cord injury with urge-incontinence, urodynamic–proven neurogenic detrusor overactivity dysfunction and detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia to improve level of continence, reduce the risks of urologic complications and enhance QOL. This study was a randomized, double blind, controlled, balanced-parallel-groups investigation of orally administed Oxybutynin in addition to Trospium chloride in the first group and Oxybutynin in addition to Solifenacin in the other group. A total of 12 patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity and clean intermittent catheterization were allocated into two treatment groups: 5 mg tablet of Oxibutinin and 20 mg tablet of Trospium Chloride were administed respectively 3 times a day and 4 times a day in the first group (Group A). 5 mg tablet of Oxibutinin and 10 mg tablet of Solifenacin were administed respective 3 times a day and once daily in the second group (Group B). In both group of patients we found a significant decrease in incontinence episodes, with an improvement of bladder compliance, bladder capacity and volume voided. Side effects were higher in patients of group B, but in general well tolerated. In conclusion a combined antimuscarinic treatment might be a right option for patients affected by neurogenic bladder refractory to previous antimuscarinic monotherapy, and might slow down or delay other more invasive treatments.
The Use of Tumescent Anesthesia for Breast Augmentation
Authors: Dryden Robert M. , DeBacker Christopher M. , Remigio David
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

Breast augmentation surgery is traditionally performed under either general anesthesia or intravenous sedation with local anesthetic infiltration. We conducted a double-blind study of a series of patients to compare the traditional methods with one that utilizes a dilute solution of lidocaine and epinephrine (the solution used for liposuction).

Materials and Methods:

Two hundred forty milliliters of tumescent solution was infiltrated in the subglandular or subpectoral plane in one breast, and the contralateral breast was infiltrated with 240 mL of normal saline in a symmetric fashion. The breast augmentation procedures were then performed under general anesthesia or intravenous sedation with monitoring.

Results:

Immediate and delayed postoperative results showed diminished intraoperative bleeding, less postoperative bruising, and improved and prolonged anesthesia on the tumesced side as compared to the nontumesced side.

Conclusions:

Tumescent solution appears to have a useful adjunctive role in breast augmentation procedures.
Hand Rejuvenation Utilizing a Novel 1440 nm Wavelength Nd:YAG Laser with Combined Apex Pulse Technology
Authors: Saluja Raminder , Khoury Jane , Woodhall Katrina , Janis Marie , Goldman Mitchel
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To evaluate the benefits of using the Affirm 1440-nm Combined Apex Pulse laser to treat photodamaged skin on the hands and to determine the appropriate treatment parameters that provide safe, effective, and consistent treatment of this condition.

Methods:

Twenty patients with photodamaged skin on the hands (rhytids and pigmentary changes) were recruited for 6 treatments sessions at 3-week intervals. Baseline photographs were taken along with photographs preceding each laser treatment. Two passes were delivered to the dorsum of the hands and digits bilaterally with fluence selected between 3 and 5 J/cm2. Investigators assessed pigmentation, telangiectasia, and rhytids before each treatment.

Results/Conclusions:

Our findings showed improvement in rhytid and pigmentation reduction and to a lesser degree in telangiectasia with the Affirm 1440-nm Combined Apex Pulse laser. Most patients noted improvement within 3 treatments.
Patient Preference for a Clinical Chaperone in Breast and Body Cosmetic Surgery
Authors: Tang Shaw , Borsand Marvin , Repan Barbara
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

The use of a clinical chaperone in clinically intimate examinations has always been recommended. This study investigates patients' views on the use of a clinical chaperone in breast and body cosmetic surgery.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred two female patients who underwent breast and body cosmetic procedures were offered the questionnaire, and all patients responded to the Web-based blog questionnaire as to their preference for a clinical chaperone during their clinic experience on 3 different occasions. These occasions comprised the initial cosmetic surgery consultations, preoperative markings, and postoperative visits. All patients involved in this study were treated by male clinicians, except 1 patient who had a female clinician.

Results:

t-test P-value significance was achieved at .05; the effect size was .4 (medium conventional effect size, in which responses were due to noise interference, where a small effect size is approximately .2), and the observed power was noted to be .835 where the responses collected reflected the population. A total of 33.3% ( n = 34) of the patients indicated preferring a clinical chaperone be present on all 3 occasions. A total of 31.4% ( n = 32) indicated they would prefer not to have a clinical chaperone present on these occasions. However, 11.8% ( n = 12) had no preference as to whether a clinical chaperone was present on all 3 occasions. The remainder of the patients had mixed opinions on 1 or more of these occasions.

Conclusions:

Variable views on the use of a clinical chaperone among cosmetic surgery patients reflect the importance of the surgeon's judgment and discretion in dealing with the individual patient. In addition, offering the presence of a clinical chaperone allows patients to decide which is the optimal environment for them at a given time. Informing patients in advance regarding the components of the examination also helps to ease patients' anxiety.
Mild Nipple Asymmetry: Using a Supra-Areola Incision With Crescent Nipple-Areola Complex Lift to Address This Problem in Primary Breast Augmentations
Authors: Egu Obiloh Enyinnaya , Forouzanpour Fardad
Published: January 2017

Breast augmentation mammoplasty is one of the most commonly performed cosmetic procedures in the United States. Currently, the common access incisions employed to perform the procedure are periareolar, inframammary, transaxillary, (TUBA) transumbilical, and (TABA) transabdominal (a technique that places breast prosthesis through existing abdominal scars or during the performance of an abdominoplasty). Asymmetries of the breast and chest wall are a common occurrence that is faced by aesthetic surgeons who perform breast augmentations. We aim to describe how our experience with using the supra-areola incision, for a primary breast augmentation procedure, has the added advantage of allowing us to address this problem. This article is a retrospective review of primary breast augmentation cases that were performed in our General Cosmetic Surgical Group and Fellowship Training Program from January 1, 2007, to June 30, 2015. The review addresses the incidence of nipple asymmetry in our primary breast augmentation patients and how we are able to address this problem by performing a crescent nipple-areola complex (NAC) lift via a supra-areola incision. From January 1, 2007, to June 30, 2015, 281 primary breast augmentations were performed, of which 184 (65.8%) had an NAC lift to address subjective and objective mild nipple asymmetry (~1 cm). There were no intraoperative complications. At follow-up, more than 92% of patients report satisfaction with their aesthetic outcome, 98% admitted to resolution or improvement of nipple asymmetry, 99% admitted to adequate postoperative nipple sensation, while 8% had secondary/revision breast surgery in the form of capsulectomies, scar revisions, and implant change revisions. Supra-areola incision approach should be strongly considered as a first-line approach in patients undergoing a primary breast augmentation procedure with adequately sized NAC and have evidence of mild (maximum study average = 0.95 cm) nipple asymmetry.
De Quoi Parlent Les Sociologues Reunis En Congres? Elements De Complementarite Entre Une Analyse Lexicale Ouverte Et Le Cumul De Variables Fermees
Authors: Boudesseul Gérard
Published: January 2017

“What Do Sociologists Talk About When Meeting in Conference?” Complementary Aspects of an Open Lexical Analysis and an Accumulation of Closed Variables: The first congress of the AFS was an occasion to provide a synthesis of the subjects of conversation current in French sociology, and we will attempt to analyze this vocabulary and its frequencies. This article confronts this first analysis with a more quantified one, based on the distance from the means, to find how the two approaches can be combined. The lexical analysis, with the Alceste program, stresses the co-occurence frequencies when words appear together in an abstract. The most frequent co-occurences are found in the class “society-inequality”, and the class “theory-authors”. Calculating the percentage difference from the means (program Trideux) stresses the differences, and puts into comparable position similar differences. In this case, the words that differ the least from the means will be those used the most by sociologists and are found in the classes “method” and “public policy”. If the authors are introduced into the analysis with variables for sex, institutional origin and location, and are associated with the words they use, we can combine the two methods and still conserve the families of words and those words which are the most significant, while cross-tabulating them with accumulated individual characteristics. The most discriminating variable is thus sex, with a concentration of women in the family “society-inequality”, and a concentration of men in the family “theory-authors”. The class on which there is the most agreement between the two methods is not mentioned individually in either method. It is the class “work-company”.
‘You're Not a Man at All!’: Masculinity, Responsibility, and Staying on the Land in Contemporary Ireland
Authors: Laoire Caitríona Ní
Published: January 2017

This paper explores some of the competing pressures at work in the lives of a particular group of Irish men, that is, young male farmers working in different types of farming regions in Ireland. As the economic and social landscape of farming is undergoing transformation, reducing the attractiveness and viability of farming as an occupation, there is, simultaneously, a strong association between constructions of farming masculinity and staying on the land. The paper explores some of these tensions. Farming masculinities are bound up with a sense of cultural and familial responsibility, which is attached to maintaining the family farm, but it is increasingly difficult to fulfil these responsibilities in the current environment. This can lead to stress and anxiety on the part of young farmers. It is argued that the construction and negotiation of farming masculinity is spatially contingent, reflecting local and regional geographies of gender.
Europe's 1948 and America's Essential Lie
Authors: Lemert Charles
Published: January 2017

The crucial year 1948 is taken as a turning point in the divergent relations of Europe and America. The economic and social history of the time is discussed to establish the odd cultural differences between the North Atlantic partner-nations on the question of distortion and misrepresentation of alleged social realities. Implications for social theory are discussed.
Discourses of Partnership in Multi-Agency Working in the Community and Voluntary Sectors in Ireland
Authors: Somers Julie , Bradford Simon
Published: January 2017

This article suggests that practices of partnership in multi-agency working in the community and voluntary sectors in Ireland have not been adequately problematised. In the article, the experiences and understandings of professional youth and community workers engaged in multi-agency work are explored through a series of interviews. Analysis of their responses indicates that there is a range of unexplored issues in relation to ‘partnership’ discourse. In particular, concerns associated with power, trust and networks emerge. The analysis suggests that partnership in multi-agency work is seen by those interviewed as being far from benign and potentially a means of incorporation. These are important matters in broader debates about governance in late modern societies.
Welfare Provision in Boom Times: Strengthening Social Equity in Ireland?
Authors: Turner Thomas , Haynes Amanda
Published: January 2017

The rapid development of the Irish economy in the 1990s has provided substantial scope and possibilities for radical change. During this period the Irish economy has experienced high growth rates, expanding employment and low levels of unemployment. This paper evaluates the trend in welfare provision and social outcomes for this period. Although the Irish social welfare system has become more generous in the areas of health, education and direct social welfare benefits, it remains closer to a residual than a universal system. We conclude that there is little evidence in the Irish case yet to support any substantive trend toward a more socially equitable system.
History and Structure in Loyalist Ideology: The Possibilities of Ideological Change
Authors: Todd Jennifer
Published: January 2017

Loyalist ideology, characterised by a central binary opposition between Ulster Protestant and native Irish Catholic, is being pushed to its limits by the new loyalist spokesmen. Is loyalism undergoing transformation? Its ideology is experientially confirmed for its adherents by the continuing unequal and unstable power balance in Northern Ireland and on the island as a whole but some possibilities of change have emerged. To encourage further development socio-structural changes both North and South would be required to undermine the loyalist binary oppositions and a framework of dialogue would be needed to provide alternative meanings.
Dimensions of Attention Associated With the Microstructure of Corona Radiata White Matter
Authors: Stave Elise A. , De Bellis Michael D. , Hooper Steven R. , Woolley Donald P. , Chang Suk Ki , Chen Steven D.
Published: January 2017

Mirsky proposed a model of attention that included these dimensions: focus/execute, sustain, stabilize, encode, and shift. The neural correlates of these dimensions were investigated within corona radiata subregions in healthy youth. Diffusion tensor imaging and neuropsychological assessments were conducted in 79 healthy, right-handed youth aged 4-17 years. Diffusion tensor imaging maps were analyzed using standardized parcellation methods. Partial Pearson correlations between neuropsychological standardized scores, representing these attention dimensions, and diffusion tensor imaging measures of corona radiata subregions were calculated after adjusting for gender and IQ. Significant correlations were found between the focus/execute, sustain, stabilize, and shift dimensions and imaging metrics in hypothesized corona radiata subregions. Results suggest that greater microstructural white matter integrity of the corona radiata is partly associated with attention across 4 attention dimensions. Findings suggest that white matter microstructure of the corona radiata is a neural correlate of several, but not all, attention dimensions.
Small Caliber Vascular Grafts. Part I: State of the Art
Authors: Zdrahala Richard J.
Published: January 2017

Vascular grafts, devices designed to augment inefficiently functioning vascular systems, represent a significant part of implantable medical devices, with major participation in over a million vascular surgeries performed worldwide. By definition accepted in the art, a small caliber graft is a conduit with internal diameter (ID) of 6 mm or less; large caliber grafts start at ID of 7 mm.

While the autologous grafts utilizing saphenous veins (SVG) and internal iliac, or mammary arteries are used exclusively in cardiac artery bypass grafts (CABG) procedures and preferentially in many peripheral indications, and while the use of grafts with biological origin did not proliferate, polymer-based artificial grafts of controlled patterns and porosity are prostheses of choice for the large caliber. The polyester (PET) yarn is knitted or woven into various porous patterns. The PTFE tubes are expanded into porous conduits (ePTFE). Although these technologies are used to produce the grafts with ID larger than 6 mm, the dominant principles are being applied to the development of small caliber graft. Polyurethanes are also evaluated for small caliber application.

The grafts (regardless of the ID) produced by the above technologies are porous. This porosity, considered to be critical for proper healing and overall graft patency, causes the blood to leak through the graft wall or at anastomosis through the suture holes. Both the wall leakage and suture hole bleeding remain rather serious drawbacks. Currently, collagen, gelatin, albumin and their derivatives are used as sealants. Various modes of application and degrees of crosslinking are utilized to control in vivo degradation and graft healing. Other hydrogels, both natural and synthetic, could play significant roles as sealants and modifiers of the graft performance.

Enhancement of graft patency via improvement of initial hemocompatibility could be achieved by application of bioactive coatings. Heparinized systems seem to dominate in this field, but many new concepts are being investigated. Intraluminal endothelialization via mediating biologicals could open significant potential for synthetic small caliber grafts. Furthermore, porous biodegradable tubes could be used as temporary scaffold to attract and promote cell propagation and in growth, the true angiogenesis.

Part I of this series discusses the "S-O-T-A" of the small caliber graft. The following parts will discuss concepts needed for development of truly patent small caliber grafts and will report on our progress in the development of biodurable and pulsatile grafts for vascular access, peripheral, and potentially for CABG indications.
Informal Care Networks in the Context of Multimorbidity: Size, Composition, and Associations With Recipient Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Andersson Matthew A. , Monin Joan K.
Published: January 2017

Objective: We evaluate how the size and composition of care networks change with increasing morbidity count (i.e., multimorbidity) and how larger care networks relate to recipient psychological well-being. Method: Using the National Health and Aging Trends study (NHATS; N = 7,026), we conduct multivariate regressions to analyze size and compositional differences in care networks by morbidity count and recipient gender, and to examine differences in recipient psychological well-being linked to care network size. Results: Women report larger and more diverse care networks than men. These gender differences strengthen with increasing morbidity count. Larger care networks are associated with diminished psychological well-being among care recipients, especially as morbidity increases. Discussion: These findings reveal how increasing morbidity translates differently to care network size and diversity for men and women. They also suggest that having multiple caregivers may undermine the psychological well-being of care recipients who face complex health challenges.
Impact of IT on Health Care Professionals: Changes in Work and the Productivity Paradox
Authors: Hebert M. A.
Published: January 2017

Health care organizations are under increasing pressure to become more efficient while at the same time maintaining or improving the quality of care. Information technology (IT), with its potential to increase efficiency, accuracy and accessibility of information, has been expected to play an important role in supporting these changes. We report the impact of patient care information systems on health care professionals in five community hospitals. The study framework incorporated both quality of care in Donabedian's elements of structure–process–outcome and Grusec's three levels of IT impact: direct substitution, proceduralization and new capabilities.

The study results suggest that, for specific tasks, IT increased efficiency and productivity—a single employee was able to complete more tasks. However, this produced other consequences not predicted. Participants noted this change did not ‘free up time’ to spend with patients, but meant there were potentially more opportunities to provide services and more tasks to complete. Other effects included: reduced job satisfaction as more time was spent on the computer; less frequent interactions with patients and for shorter duration; and an increasingly ‘visible’ accountability as performance was easily monitored. There were also changes in roles and responsibilities as the computer enabled tasks to be carried out from a number of locations and by a variety of personnel.

When innovations are introduced into organizations there are both expected and unexpected consequences. Increased awareness of the interactive relationship between computer users and the technology helps organizations better understand why results do, or do not, occur. One must look beyond just simply increasing productivity by replacing manual tasks with automated ones, to examining how the changes influence the nature of work and relationships within the organization.
Analytical hybrid redundancy system for the fault tolerance of advanced driver assistance systems
Authors: Lee Sanghyeop , Lee Suk , Lee Kyung-Chang , Kim Man-Ho
Published: January 2017

The growing dependence on electronic sensors has resulted in increased concerns over the fault tolerance in safety-critical systems. For example, a vehicle with an advanced driver assistance system, which assists safe driving using numerous electronic elements, should be fault tolerant because sensor failures can lead to events in which car occupants receive serious injuries. However, it is often undesirable to have multiple redundant sensors because of the high cost of critical sensors such as the radar in an advanced driver assistance system. To address this problem, we present an analytical hybrid redundancy system that provides fault tolerance using fault detection and exception-handling algorithms. On the basis of the actual range data from an advanced driver assistance system radar, we present the results of numerical simulations of the analytical hybrid redundancy system and show that it outperforms existing approaches with respect to a number of performance indices.
Sexual health of women aged 40 and over attending an inner city integrated sexual health clinic
Authors: Grech Patrice , Marchant Rebecca , Samuel Mannampallil
Published: January 2017

Sexual health policy remains focussed on younger adults. However, rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in older people continue to increase. We explored the sexual healthcare needs of women aged 40 and over attending an integrated sexual health clinic in South London. We conducted a retrospective case note review and found that almost 20% of these women had STIs. These included genital herpes, trichomoniasis, genital warts, chlamydia and gonorrhoea. Less than a quarter of women reported use of condoms during most recent sexual contact, indicating sexual risk-taking behaviour. 38% of women attended for contraception. The sexual health needs of older people can only continue to increase, given our rapidly ageing population. Age-specific health promotion strategies are needed.
Successful treatment of sexually acquired acute HCV reinfection with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir in a HIV-infected patient
Authors: Sollima Salvatore , Antinori Spinello , Torre Alessandro , Binda Francesca , Giacomelli Andrea , Milazzo Laura
Published: January 2017

Here we describe the case of a HIV-positive patient with acute hepatitis C virus reinfection, who was successfully treated with an interferon-free regimen of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir.
Self-collected glans/meatal ‘dry’ swab specimen and NAAT technology detects Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae – implications for public policy changes
Authors: Ferrero Dennis V , Meyers Holly N , Ferrero Gina M , Schultz Diane E
Published: January 2017

Increasing Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) rates and ever-present Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections in women have given rise in the past to consideration of male screening programs in order to address the silent male reservoir. Non-medical venues (e.g. home collection, restrooms or other private locations) may be viable venues to reach certain populations that in the past have not been accessed. Effortlessly collected, non-invasive, self-collected male specimens that are stable and easy to transport would enhance the success of male screening programs. We designed a head-to-head study to consider the effectiveness of non-invasive self-collected glans/meatal dry swab (SCS) specimens to detect CT and NG nucleic acid when compared to traditional clinician-collected swab (CCS) specimens and first-catch urine (FCU) specimens. A total of 284 male patients were included in the study. Specimens were processed using the Becton Dickinson ProbeTec ET system. The overall sensitivity of SCS was 91.1% with a specificity of 99.2%. There was an overall SCS agreement of 97.7% with CCS specimens and 90.4% with FCU specimens. Dry swab specimens are easy to collect, transport and test. Non-invasive dry self-collected glans/meatal swab specimens are a viable specimen choice.