bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties and Phenolic Contents
of Crude Extracts and Fractions from Different Organs of the HalophyteLycium europaeum L
Authors: Bendjedoua Houaria , Bennaceura Malika , Benamar Houari , Rodriguesd Maria João , Pereirad Catarina , Bensouicie Chawki , Custódiod Luísa
Published: July 2021

Background:

Lycium europaeum L. is a medicinal and edible Mediterranean halophyte spiny shrub. However, studies regarding its biological properties focused mainly on its aerial organs.

Objective:

The objective of the present work was to make a comparative evaluation of the in vitro
antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of ethanol extracts and fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate,
n-butanol and aqueous) from roots and leaves of L. europaeum, along with its total phenolic,
flavonoid and tannin contents.

Methods:

The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH),
2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), superoxide radical, β-carotene
bleaching, cupric reducing and ferric reducing activity methods

Results:

The n-butanol fraction from roots had the highest antioxidant activity in all the assays,
and was also the most active against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and urease (IC50
values of 92.63, 118.26 and 135.60 μgmL-1, respectively). This fraction showed a high level of total
phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents.

Conclusion:

The results suggest L. europaeum, especially its roots, as a candidate to be further explored
as a source of bioactive products.
New Clones and Old Varieties: Quality of Sicilian Hillside Apple Cultivation
Authors: Passafiume Roberta , Tinebra Ilenia , Sortino Giuseppe , Palazzolo Eristanna , Farina Vittorio
Published: July 2021

Aims:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the qualitative characteristics of the new clones according to the Mediterranean hillside growing environment and, at the same time, to highlight the qualitative peculiarities of the old varieties in order to avoid genetic loss.

Introduction:

Several apple varieties are constantly selected for improved quality traits and introduced for cultivation and marketing in addition to a few traditional and affirmed varieties. On the other side, local genotype and ancient varieties are still valorised due to the request of a niche market.

Methods:

We have studied the physico-chemical quality and the sensory traits of the fruit obtained in this particular environment.

Results:

Our study reveals a qualitative response to the environment in a genotype-dependent manner. As expected, the physico-chemical characteristics favour the new clones.

Conclusion:

Both old varieties and new clones of apple fruit, grown in the Mediterranean area, turned out to be of high quality. Nevertheless, results revealed the better characteristics of new clones for commercialization in large-scale supply chain.
Repeatability and Reproducibility of Tear Film Evaporation Rate Measurement using a new Closed-Chamber Evaporimeter
Authors: Abusharha Ali A. , Al Yami Ali , Alsreea Khaled , Fagehi Raied , Alsaqr Ali , Alanazi Saud , Masmali Ali
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

This study evaluates the repeatability and reproducibility of tear film evaporation rate measurement using a commercially available handheld closed-chamber evaporimeter (VapoMeter, Delfin Technologies, Finland).

Study Design:

This was a randomized observational study, in which two visits were required. At visit 1, screening tests were performed on the participants. Subsequently, tear evaporation was measured thrice by examiner 1 (E1). The procedure was then repeated by examiner 2 (E2) at visit 2.

Methods:

40 healthy participants with no ocular diseases were recruited for this study. A closed chamber evaporimeter was used in this study (VapoMeter, Delfin Technologies, Finland). Primary investigations, including slit-lamp examination, tear production test, and ocular discomfort, were performed during the first visit for the purpose of screening.

Results:

The mean of the three measurements of tear evaporation obtained by examiner 1 at visit 1 was 19.38 ± 0.79 g/m2/h, and the mean of the three readings obtained by examiner 2 at visit 2 was 20.49 ± 0.48 g/m2/h. The average Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) among the three readings of tear evaporation was 0.84 and 0.63 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) at visits 1 and 2, respectively. A comparison of the reliability of the measurements from the two examiners revealed an ICC of 0.69 with a 95% CI.

Conclusion:

The VapoMeter provides repeatable and reproducible measurements of tear film evaporation. This study demonstrates that the VapoMeter could provide clinicians with a readily available method for rapid evaluation of tear film evaporation. By considering the significance of tear evaporation as a diagnostic tool for dry eyes, the VapoMeter may help to diagnose better and manage dry eye syndrome.
Association between Higher CD32a+CD4+ T Cell Count and Viral Load in the Peripheral Blood of HIV-infected Patients
Authors: Arsentieva Natalia A. , Batsunov Oleg K. , Semenov Alexander V. , Kudryavtsev Igor V. , Esaulenko Elena V. , Boeva Ekaterina V. , Kovelenov Alexey Y. , Totolian Areg A.
Published: July 2021

Background:

The significance of CD32a receptor expression in individuals infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is currently unclear. Previously, B. Descours et al. (2017) concluded that in patients infected with HIV-1, CD32a is expressed on resting T cells that contain HIV DNA. According to the authors, these cells are reservoirs for inducible, replication-competent viruses. However, other studies have reported that CD32a expression is associated with activated T cells and is not a marker of HIV-1 reservoirs. The aims of this study were: to determine the significance of the CD32a marker in HIV infection, to assess its expression on T helper (Th) subpopulations in peripheral blood of HIV-infected individuals and to clarify the relationship between this expression and viral load.

Methods:

For comparative analysis, the following groups were used: 27 HIV-infected patients; 11 individuals with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection; 16 individuals with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection; and 13 healthy donors. Peripheral blood served as the study material. The expression of CD32a receptor on Th cell subpopulations was assessed using flow cytometry. Nonparametric statistical methods were used for data analysis.

Results:

It was found that relative CD32a+ Th cell counts in HIV-infected individuals significantly exceeded corresponding values in other groups: healthy individuals (p<0.0001), those with HCV infection (p=0.0008) and those with HBV infection (p <0.0001). Among the Th subpopulations in HIV-infected patients, the CD32a receptor was predominantly expressed on Th1 cells (p<0.0001) and Th2 cells (p<0.0001), compared with Th17. We found a strong, direct correlation (r=0.78; p<0.0001) between viral load and CD32a+CD4+ T cell count in peripheral blood of HIV-infected individuals.

Conclusion:

Thus, our results provide evidence that the CD32a receptor can serve as a marker of HIV infection, and its expression depends on viral load. Clinical material was used here, for the first time, to show that CD32a is predominantly expressed on Th1 and Th2 cells.
Industry 4.0 Roadmapping: A Fuzzy Linguistic Approach
Authors: Elibal Kerem , Özceylan Eren
Published: July 2021

Background:

The industry 4.0 transition is becoming crucial for organizations. The lit-erature reviewed showed that whilst there are many studies on industry 4.0 assessment that help organizations to evaluate their current state, limited studies exist for road-mapping activities.

Objective:

The main aim of this study is to construct a model that leads organizations to their fourth industrial revolution transition. Companies, especially small and medium-sized ones (SMEs) need clear, agile and efficient road maps because of their limited resources. Lack of a procedure that guides organizations in the right way is the motivation of this study.

Method:

A linguistic fuzzy inference system is used in this study. Concepts are determined and relations between concepts with if-then rules have been constructed according to the expert opin-ion. MATLAB R2015a is used for the inference system.

Results:

An exemplary case is considered and the results show that the inference system can pro-vide company-specific roadmaps. To which extend an industry 4.0 concept should be taken into account for a company can be seen with the proposed method.

Conclusion:

The proposed method showed that specific and agile roadmaps could be obtained. Be-cause of the dependency of expert opinion for the fuzzy rule base, different methods for obtaining rules and relations may be a future research direction.
Capacidad científica y tecnológica del Sistema Nacional de Innovación Agropecuaria (SNIA) en Colombia
Authors:   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, Uribe Galvis Claudia Patricia , Contreras Pedraza Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2021

La Ley 1876 de 2017 creó el Sistema Nacional de Innovación Agropecuaria (SNIA), con el fin de soportar los procesos de innovación del sector y construir estrategias que fortalezcan las capacidades en CTI del sector. Para esto, es necesario, conocer y analizar la situación actual de la educación en el sector agropecuario en todos los niveles de formación y con las capacidades en ciencia y tecnología con las que cuenta, con el fin de brindar información actualizada a los tomadores de decisión y luego definir estrategias para el sector. El presente documento consolida la información recopilada de las diferentes fuentes oficiales de información, revisión documental y la aplicación de encuestas a las principales instituciones de CTI agropecuarias para conocer la situación actual de las capacidades en CTI del sector, a partir de la cual se consolidaron una serie de conclusiones de la información analizada y los retos importantes identificados para el sector.
STABILITY INDICATIVE AND COST EFFECTIVE ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF FAVIPIRAVIR AND PERAMIVIR IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY USING RP-HPLC
Authors: LINGABATHULA SRINIVAS , JAIN NEELU
Published: July 2021

Objective: The current investigation was pointed at developing and progressively validating novel, simple, responsive and stable RP-HPLC method for the measurement of active pharmaceutical ingredients of Favipiravir and Peramivir and their related substances.

Methods: A simple, selective, validated and well-defined stability that shows gradient RP-HPLC methodology for the quantitative determination of Favipiravir and Peramivir. The chromatographic strategy utilized Inertsil ODS column of dimensions 250x4.6 mm, 5 micron, using isocratic elution with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.1 percent orthophosphoric acid (70:30). A flow rate of 1 ml/min and a detector wavelength of 260 nm utilizing the PDA detector was given in the instrumental settings. Using the impurity-spiked solution, the chromatographic approach was streamlined.

Results: Validation of the proposed method was carried out according to an international conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines. LOD and LOQ for the two active ingredients and their impurities were established with respect to test concentration. The calibration charts plotted were linear with a regression coefficient of R2>0.999, which means the linearity was within the limit. Recovery, specificity, linearity, accuracy, robustness, ruggedness was determined as a part of method validation and the results were found to be within the acceptable range.

Conclusion: The proposed method to be fast, simple, feasible and affordable in RS condition. During stability tests, it can be used for routine analysis of production samples and to verify the quality of drug samples during stability studies.
EXOSOME NANOCARRIERS: BASIC BIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, NOVEL AND PERSPECTIVE APPROACH IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: A REVIEW
Authors: KUMARI P. V. KAMALA , SRILEKHYA KETHA , SINDHU K. BHAVYA , RAO Y. SRINIVASA
Published: July 2021

Exosomes are the extracellular vesicles surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer shed from all cell varieties and plays a significant role in the communication and Transportation of materials between the cells due to their ability to transfer the proteins and nucleic acids from One cell to the another cell. Analogous in size and performance to synthetic nanoparticles, exosomes provide several Advantages, rendering them the foremost promising candidates for targeted drug or gene delivery vehicles. This review highlights the isolation techniques and delivery potential of exosomes, and equally presents research or analysis gaps for enhancing the use of natural vesicles for delivery functions. Exosome-based drug formulations can be applied to an extensive variety of diseases such as various infectious, cardiovascular, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Mostly, exosomes combine the benefits of both synthetic nanocarriers and cell-mediated drug delivery systems however avoiding their limitations.
RECENT APPROACHES INVOLVED IN COLONIC DRUG TARGETING FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: A REVIEW
Authors: V. SWAMINATHAN , RAJESH C. VAIYANA
Published: July 2021

The objective of the review is to present the contemporary approaches involved in colonic drug targeting for the therapy of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The adverse reactions and side-effects of the conventional drug delivery systems are largely on account of the systemic absorption of the drugs from the small intestine. Moreover, in current drug delivery systems, the drug has to be frequently administered and also in larger doses which greatly reduces patient compliance. Various approaches which are being described here mainly target the colonic region specifically for improved therapy of IBD, by increasing localization and accessibility of the drug to the target site. Also, these approaches will result in the reduction of dose and minimization of adverse effects combined with the use of conventional drug delivery systems.
ENHANCEMENT OF THERAPEUTIC WINDOW OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE BY FABRICATION OF MICROSPHERES COMPRISING POLYMERIC INCULCATION WITH SEMI-SYNTHETIC AND SYNTHETIC POLYMERS BY IMPLEMENTATION OF BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGN
Authors: QUAZI MD AAMER , KHANAM NAZIA
Published: July 2021

Objective: Innovative enhancement of therapeutic window of Metformin hydrochloride (MFH) and bioavailability through mucoadhesive microspheres by polymeric inculcation of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M grade (HPMC K4M), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K100M grade (HPMC K100M) and Kollidon SR grade (KS).

Methods: Controlled release system was developed by incorporating semi-synthetic and synthetic polymers by modified solvent evaporation technique. Fabrication of mucoadhesive microspheres was designed by the implementation of experimental designs to obtain most optimum concentration of selected factors. The method was optimized by Box Behnken design (BBD) with selected factors as concentrations of semi-synthetic and synthetic polymer with stirring speed influence for the obtained responses that were mean particle size (Y1) entrapment efficiency of drug (Y2) and percent mucoadhesion (Y3). Microspheres were characterized for particle size, entrapment efficiency of drug, ex-vivo mucoadhesion study, in vitro study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD) detection and H1 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quantification for optimized formulation.

Results: Implementation of response surface method software for BBD yielded stable microspheres with mean particle size 274 µm, entrapment efficiency of drug 85.07% and percent mucoadhesion 67.03% for optimized formulation F5.

Conclusion: Bridging of MFH with the highly innovative combination of semi-synthetic and synthetic polymers yielded stable, cost-effective microspheres with improved bioavailability with controlled-release effect as till date no literature is available that provide information with selected polymeric combination and analytical characterization.
EFFECT OF POLYMERIC BLEND ON EX-VIVO PERMEATION STUDIES OF ACECLOFENAC LOADED FILM FORMING GEL
Authors: BAJAJ HIMANI , SINGH VINOD , SINGH RANJIT , KUMAR TIRATH
Published: July 2021

Objective: To date, film-forming systems have been intensively investigated for transdermal drug delivery. Film-forming systems offers various advantages compared over conventional transdermal drug delivery systems. The objective of the present study was to study the effect of polymeric blend on ex-vivo permeation studies of topical film-forming gel of aceclofenac.

Methods: Film-forming gels were prepared by using Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and Eudragit polymeric blend in varied concentrations, polyethylene glycol 400 as plasticizer, ethanol as solvent and tween 80 as a penetration enhancer. The prepared film-forming gels were evaluated and the influence of the concentration and ratio of polymeric blends used plasticizer and ethanol were investigated.

Results: All the prepared film-forming gels showed satisfactory properties regarding homogeneity, compatibility, viscosity and pH value. Variation in the concentration of polymers showed a variable effect on drug permeation rate from film-forming gels. Almost, all formulations permeated up to 80% of drug in 12 h and formulation F1 showed a maximum release about 97.54 % in 12 h.

Conclusion: Film-forming gels of aceclofenac with sustained-release profile were successfully developed and may provide a promising effective formulation which may improve patient compliance.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL STABILITY TEST OF NEEM OIL CREAM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA) USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: SAPUTRI FEBRINA AMELIA , HUSNI PATIHUL , PUTRIANA NORISCA ALIZA
Published: July 2021

Objective: This study aims to examine the physical and chemical stability of neem oil cream.

Methods: Physical stability was conducted by storing the cream at room temperature (25±2 °C/65 %RH±5 %RH) and high temperature (40±2 °C/75 % RH±5 % RH) for 3 mo. HPLC method using Dionex with UV detection at 219 nm, Shodex (C-18) HPLC packed column (4.6 mmID x 250 mmL), acetonitrile: water [30:70] as mobile phase, 10 min isocratic elution with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with volume injection 20 μL was validated then was carried out to measure azadirachtin levels in neem oil cream. The chemical stability of azadirachtin in the cream was determined for 90 days by using this validated method.

Results: The neem oil cream was physically stable. The HPLC method of azadirachtin meets all the validation parameters and can be used to analyze the chemical stability of azadirachtin in neem oil cream. Neem oil cream was stable for 4 w at 25 °C and for 1 w at 40 °C.

Conclusion: The neem oil cream was either physically or chemically stable for 4 weeks at 25 oC and 1 week at 40 oC
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD OF PALIPERIDONE PALMITATE IN BULK AND ITS APPLICATION FOR DRUG LOADING AND ENTRAPMENT EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF LONG-ACTING INJECTABLE MICROSPHERES
Authors: MALI SANDIP , OZA NISHANT
Published: July 2021

Objective: The objective of the current study was to develop simple, precise and cost-effective ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopic method for estimation of paliperidone palmitate (PP) as a bulk and in the polymeric depot dosage form.

Methods: UV spectrophotometer with quartz sample cells and spectral manager software was used for analysis samples. 20 % Methanol in Mili-Q-Water was used as a solvent for the sample and standard preparations. Method validation was carried out as per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. Stress degradation studies were carried out to check the stability-indicating performance of the developed method. The validated method was applied for the estimation of the PP content of long-acting injectable microspheres of PP.

Results: The wavelength of maximum absorption was found to be 283 nm. The proposed method was validated in the range of 5-30 µg/ml of PP. The mean recovery for 80%, 100% and 120% standard solution was found to be 99.03%, 99.21% and 99.35% respectively with less than 2% relative standard deviation (RSD). Intra-day and inter-day method precision ranged from 0.54 to 1.62% and 0.67 and 1.24% respectively. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were estimated to be 0.03 and 0.10 µg/ml respectively. The developed method was found to be robust and rugged. Stress degradation studies were carried out under acidic, alkaline, hydrolytic and oxidative and photo stress. The proposed method was capable to detect changes in assay due to stress conditions.

Conclusion: The developed method was successfully employed for routine analysis of drug loading in long-acting injectable microspheres of PP.
RESVERATROL-HUMIC ACID LOADED COLLOIDAL POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES: DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT AND IN VITRO EVALUATION
Authors: H. RAHUL , C. SUNDEEP , G. SWATI
Published: July 2021

Objective: The study aims at fabrication and optimization of co-encapsulated resveratrol and humic acid in colloidal polymeric nanocarriers to improves the stability of insoluble antioxidant, resveratrol.

Methods: The Eudragit E100 polymeric material was used to fabricate oral co-encapsulation of resveratrol and humic acid in colloidal polymeric nanocarriers, called Res-HA-co-CPNs by an emulsification-diffusion-evaporation method. Taguchi orthogonal array design was employed to check the effect of formulation factors on in vitro physicochemical characteristics. The optimized formulation was further evaluated for stability studies at different conditions.

Results: Optimized Res-HA-co-CPNs demonstrated spherical and smooth surface including mean PS 120.56±18.8 nm, PDI 0.122, ZP+38.25mV, and EE 82.37±1.49%. Solid-state characterizations confirmed that optimized Res-HA-co-CPNs showed amorphous characteristics. In vitro release profile of Res-HA-co-CPNs showed an outstanding sustained release behavior up to 48h and remain stable at the refrigerated condition for 6 mo.

Conclusion: Res-HA-co-CPNs would be a proficient and promising dosage form for increasing the stability of insoluble antioxidants, resveratrol.
Tunes of Glory
Authors: MacLeod Brian James
Published: July 2021

The late-16th through to the early-17th century was a period of unprecedented upheaval and conflict throughout the British Isles. This article explores the transformative rise in social status of pipers in Highland society during this period of social, political, economic, and cultural change. Bagpipes, traditionally assigned a low-caste role in society in Ireland and Scotland, were transformed into a vehicle for a highly developed form of musical composition, ceòl mòr (‘great music’). The article examines the factors which allowed the families of hereditary pipers to achieve this significant change in fortune, whilst the highlighting the unique compositional form of pipe music which enabled their entry into the upper echelons of Gaelic society in Scotland.
Research Paper on Performance Analysis and Recommendations of Traffic Congestion Strategies in Cities of Haryana
Authors: Sajid Khushbu
Published: July 2021

This experimental study uses national regulations and survey reports to identify short, medium, and long-term traffic congestion strategies in Haryana's cities. The current study looked into a variety of successful road congestion mitigation techniques, ranging from expanded road capacity to the use of roadways, to see which ones were the most cost-effective. Using an examination of quantitative regression, interviews with transportation policy and decision makers, and alternate matrix criteria, I ranked each traffic congestion mitigation approach from least to most cost efficient based on three cost factors. I discovered that ramp measuring was both the most cost-effective and the most difficult method. Meanwhile, I discovered that expanding transit capacity was the least cost-effective of the solutions I looked into.
Design, Development & Testing of Hydroxyl (HHO) Gas Generator by using Dry Cell
Authors: Chavan Digvijay
Published: July 2021

Brown's Gas (HHO) has been introduced to the auto industry as a new source of energy. The motive of this project is to design and construct a simple HHO generation system and test it on suitable IC engine by introducing it with the conventional fuel. The effect of hydroxyl gas (HHO) addition into gasoline fuel will be evaluated on engine performance and emissions. The HHO cell should be designed, constructed and optimised for maximum productivity of the cell in producing HHO gas per input power. Literature studies show that the parameters on which the productivity of the cell depends are number of neutral plates, distance between them and type and quantity of solutes that is Potassium Hydroxide (KOH). The results are estimated as increment in power, reduction in fuel consumption, reduction in CO, reduction in HC and reduction in NOx. The addition of HHO gas into gasoline is an effective way of improving the engine performance and maintaining the exhaust emissions to an environment friendly limit compared to neat gasoline operations.
Machine Learning Approach for Automatic Detection of Alzheimers Disease using Resting State fMRI
Authors: Rani K. Emily Esther
Published: July 2021

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurological disease that affects memory and the livelihood of the people that are diagnosed with it. Efficient automated techniques for early diagnosis of AD is very important because early diagnosis is used to prevent a patient from death. In this work, we present a novel computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) techniques using machine learning algorithms for the early diagnosis of AD. The input resting state fMRI(rsfMRI) images are taken from Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. The input image is pre-processed using Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT). Automated thresholding algorithm is used to segment the image. Then, the segmented resting state fMRI images are used to extract useful and informative features. The best features are selected by Fisher’s code feature selection algorithm. Finally, an automated Image classification step is performed using machine learning algorithms Support Vector Machine(SVM), Decision Tree , Random Forest and Multi-Layer Perceptron algorithms to distinguish between normal patients and AD patients.
Design and Fabrication of Multipurpose Drone
Authors: Mane Siddhesh
Published: July 2021

There is an overall lack of multipurpose aerial drones, or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), around the world; and until recently, there was a lack of any feasible purposes for drones outside of military applications and those available in market has a very high cost associated with it. Drone technology has advanced to the point in which portable devices are now economically priced enough for civilians to afford as well as easy enough to use with little to no training; however, the main draw back with drones even today is the lack of flexibility n purposes. Most civilian drones are marketed for surveillance purposes only, making the purchaser the one responsible for the labor and economics of any type of design changes to allow for different or more functions. The problem then evolves itself to how to make an economical UAV that can be used for more than one purpose.
Machine Learning Based Essay Grading System
Authors: Daga Ojasvi
Published: July 2021

Machine Learning and automation has progressed immensely over the years and has tend to make human lives simpler with reducing human effort and time on tasks by enabling a machine to perform them. One such task is to grade essays. Essay writing is an integral part for anyone willing to learn a language or skill or to simply exhibit one’s thoughts and ideas on a topic. This leads us to the reason why essay grading is important. When a work is scored against some parameters, a scope of improvement is possible. Hence, when essays are graded and feedbacks are provided, it guides the writer to analyse the work and to have a better understanding of the topic in general. Although, manual grading of essays could create discrepancy because of being graded by different individuals having different perceptions of the same content. It also consumes a lot of human time and effort. Therefore, automatic grading of essays could prove to be the saviour. In this project, we build a machine learning model which grades essays based on various features extracted using Natural Language Processing. We also test the model’s performance using several regression models like Linear, Lasso, and Ridge, and methods like Artificial Neural Network to find the best fit giving the maximum correlation with human grades.
Bio Parameters Monitoring System for Sea Researchers using LiFi
Authors: George Liya
Published: July 2021

Different types of health monitoring systems are now available in the market. We are using them as a part of our day-to-day life to analyze health conditions. In the case of sea researchers and scuba divers, the medium they are working is water. The health difficulties are more inside the water. So there is a need to develop a health monitoring system for sea researcher’s/scuba divers to analyze their health condition frequently to ensure their safety. The proposed work uses LiFi technology as the communication method to transmit and receive corresponding bio parameter values. This work aims to provide a harmless wireless health monitoring system that will provide maximum efficiency inside the water.
Design of Five Port Router for 3x3 Mesh Network Using Verilog
Authors: Kumar Rakshith
Published: July 2021

With technological advancements, a large number of intellectual property (IP) cores can be integrated into a single chip. As a result, communication between these cores is critical. Such communication is achieved using Network on Chip (NoC) technology. NoC is an on-chip packet-switched network with IP cores connected to the network via interfaces, and packets are sent to their destinations via a multi-chip routing path. A router is the essential component of the NoC architecture, it must be designed efficiently to build a competitive NoC architecture. Verilog is used to design the router which supports five parallel connections. It uses store and forward type of flow control, round-robin arbitration, and deterministic XY routing. The building blocks of the router are FIFO, arbiter, and crossbar. The proposed architecture of the five port router is targeted to the Spartan 6 XC6SLX45 FPGA design platform and simulated in Xilinx ISE 14.5 software.
Las pieles de imagen de los sueños Yanomami
Authors: Mazza Joana
Published: July 2021

El trabajo de Claudia Andujar se destaca por llevar al campo del arte el cruce entre el arte, la vida, el activismo, la sensibilidad, la subjetividad y el poder de transformación. El impacto de Andujar no se limita al campo del arte, sino que va más allá debido al poder transformador que se deriva de él, lo cual beneficia efectivamente a los Yanomami. Sin embargo, los Yanomami comparten una epistemología y ontología específicas,de modo que, para articular la comprensión de las subjetividades trabajadas por Andujar, se hizo un cruce con la publicación de Davi Kopenawa y Bruce Albert. Este artículo comprende dicho nexo que trabaja sobre las interconexiones entre las obras y los temas sociales y políticos involucrados en ellas.
Mudança estrutural dos contrapúblicos em face a controvérsias artístico-culturais
Authors: Honorato da Silva Cayo Vinicius , De Moraes Silva Diogo
Published: July 2021

Nos últimos anos, manifestações contrárias às artes questionaram uma suposta receptividade dos públicos. O fato de os detratores compartilharem várias características dos contrapúblicos suspendeu a vinculação exclusiva do termo aos públicos progressistas. Mas a mudança não se reduz a uma ampliação de escopo do conceito; ela vai da ascensão de ultraconservadores à disjunção entre as instâncias normativa e descritiva que o conceito era capaz de sobrepor. Após revisarmos a teoria de Michael Warner sobre os contrapúblicos, discutimos os usos do termo pelo campo da arte, para então confrontá-los com duas expressões daquela mudança: o caso Queermuseu e a formação de um contrapúblico ultraliberal.
O "Manifesto Quieto" e as vozes da cidade
Authors: Reis Paulo
Published: July 2021

A intervenção artística Manifesto Quieto, do artista Júlio Manso, realizada numa pedreira abandonada na cidade de Curitiba em 1992, trouxe como discussões: repensar o impacto de políticas urbanas, denunciar o abandono de espaços da cidade, realizar um levantamento de sua ocupação e propor uma ação artística junto aos moradores e interessados. A presente pesquisa procura assim refletir sobre o conjunto de ações da intervenção, configurá-los como estratégias críticas e poéticas e afirmando sua relevância nas narrativas da arte contemporânea brasileira.
Corporalidades (des)localizadas
Authors: Almeida Thigresa
Published: July 2021

A partir da produção da artista Pêdra Costa – dando foco à exposição À Nordeste e as ações de Solange, tô aberta – pretendo desenvolver neste artigo uma reflexão sobre a arte da performance associada as ações políticas, a ação-palavra-performance, tendo como foco da discussão a decolonialidade, uma perspectiva política da ação dos corpos dissidentes, compreendendo a dissidência desde uma perspectiva estética. O artigo ainda busca discutir os territórios da performance, pensando o corpo, a borda, a fronteira, a criação de espaços fronteiriços, e as (des)deslozalizações que se dão pela performance e pelo corpo.
Exploring the Relationship between Formal Management Control Systems, Organisational Performance and Innovation: The Role of Leadership Characteristics
Authors: Ayu Nani Dhiona , Dina Safitri Vera Apri
Published: July 2021

Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study aims to examine the relationship between the formal management control system (MCS) on organisational performance and innovation. It also evaluates the role of leadership characteristics as the moderating variable between MCS and innovation. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study employs a survey questionnaire, and data collected from business units of Indonesian manufacturing and services firms. The warp partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach was employed to analyse the data and test the proposed model. Research findings: The findings demonstrate that: (1) A welldesigned formal MCS can improve organisational performance and innovation; (2) managers with good characteristics such as showing good behaviour through compliance with company rules, involving themselves in subordinates’ activities, and supporting subordinates’ ideas, can improve subordinates’ creativity in producing innovation. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study expands the existing literature by examining the role of leadership characteristics as a moderating variable between the formal management control system (MCS) and innovation. Practitioner/Policy implications: The findings of this study demonstrate that, for Indonesian firms to compete in globally-competitive markets, they need to implement well-designed formal MCS. For formal MCS to contribute to innovation, managers who demonstrate good leadership characteristics are crucial. Research limitation/Implications: Future research can investigate comparative analyses of different ASEAN countries since different Asian countries have different dominant cultures and values, which may have some impact on MCS, organisational performance and innovation. It may also consider how different types of MCS improve organisational performance and innovation performance.
Making Sovereignty Mean Something: Native Nations and Creative Adaptation
Authors: Watts Michelle
Published: July 2021

Scholarship regarding Native Nations has often focused on the problems of Native Nations caused by a brutal history of genocide, repression and forced assimilation. Relatively little attention has been paid to how Native Nations creatively adapt to their circumstances in a continual process of reinvention. This article provides insights into Native Nations through examples in the lower 48 states and Alaska. This study, based on 16 interviews the author conducted with Native Nations leaders in Alaska and the lower 48 states, demonstrates how Native Nations adapt to their unique circumstances to make sovereignty meaningful, because of and in spite of federal legislation that seeks to govern Nation Nations. Ultimately, I argue that many Native Nations today are purposefully modernizing by creatively adapting to their circumstances, transforming systems of governance, and leveraging economic tools, integrating their own evolving cultural practices. While modernization implies following a Western developmental path, purposeful modernization is driven by the choices of the people. While change was forced upon Native Nations in numerous, often devastating, ways since colonization, they have nevertheless asserted agency and formed governments and economic institutions that reflect and reinforce their own cultural norms. This article highlights examples of how Native Nations and the lower 48 have adapted given the very different circumstances created in part by state and federal policies such as the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA) and Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA).
The Three Epochs of Hong Kong Lolita Subculture: Cultural Hybridization and Identity Construction
Authors: Wong Shuk-fan Fanny , Lee Wai-sum Amy
Published: July 2021

Lolita is identified as a female oriented subculture phenomenon which came about in the 1990s in Harajuku, Japan. Youths in Hong Kong, because culturally and geographically in close proximity to Japan, will usually adapt their neighboring city Tokyo’s cultural movements. This paper explores the development, meaning, significance of Lolita phenomena in Hong Kong from the postmodern historical and socio-cultural points of view. By assembling and examining the ethnographic data from face-to-face interviewees and materials from online resources between 2014 and 2017, we reviewed and proposed that there are three major epochs of Lolita subculture development in Hong Kong. The study concludes that the changes in online practices over the past two decades lead to the transformation of Lolita identity within the group. It also indicates that the development of Hong Kong Lolita subculture shows a positive impact of cultural hybridization. Moreover, through the active practice on virtual platforms, the group creates an imagined community for the participants to share their beliefs and dreams freely.
Development and Preclinical Evaluation of Virus Like Particle Vaccine Against COVID-19 Infection
Authors: C Ismail Yilmaz , Ipekoglu Emre , Bulbul Artun , Turay Nilsu , Yildirim Muzaffer , Evcili Irem , Yilmaz Naz , Aydin Yagmur , Guvencli Nese , Gungor Bilgi , Saraydar Berfu , Bartan Asli Gulce , Ibibik Bilgehan , Bildik Tugce , Baydemir İlayda , Sanli Hatice Asena , Kayaoglu Basak , Ceylan Yasemin , Yildirim Tugce , Abras Irem , Ayanoglu Ihsan Cihan , Cam Sefa Burak , Dede Eda Ciftci , Gizer Merve , Erganis Osman , Sarac Fahriye , Uzar Serdar , Enul Hakan , Adiay Cumhur , Aykut Gamze , Polat Hivda , Yildirim Ismail Selim , Tekin Saban , Zeytin Hasan E. , Korkusuz Petek , Gursel Ihsan , Gursel Mayda
Published: July 2021

Background Vaccines that incorporate multiple SARS-CoV-2
antigens can further broaden the breadth of virus-specific cellular and
humoral immunity. This study describes the development and
immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 VLP vaccine that incorporates the 4
structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Methods VLPs were generated
in transiently transfected HEK293 cells, purified by multimodal
chromatography and characterized by tunable resistive pulse sensing,
AFM, SEM, and TEM. Immunoblotting studies verified the protein
identities of VLPs. Cellular and humoral immune responses of immunized
animals demonstrated the immune potency of the formulated VLP vaccine.
Results Transiently transfected HEK293 cells reproducibly
generated vesicular VLPs that were similar in size to and expressing all
four structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Alum adsorbed, K3-CpG ODN
adjuvanted VLPs elicited high titer anti-S, anti-RBD, anti-N IgG,
triggered multifunctional Th1 biased T cell responses, reduced virus
load and prevented lung pathology upon live virus challenge in
vaccinated animals. Conclusion These data suggest that VLPs
expressing all four structural protein antigens of SARS-CoV-2 are
immunogenic and can protect animals from developing COVID-19 infection
following vaccination.
The diagnosis and treatment of papillary cystadenoma of the esophagus by the Endoscopy : a case report and literature review
Authors: Zhuang Zhaomeng , Zhang Yiguang , Xie Min , Chen Shuo
Published: July 2021

Papillary cystadenoma is a epithelial benign tumor of the salivary
gland, most commonly in the oral cavity, head and neck. There was no
difference in the sex distribution of patients, and the age of onset was
30-50 years old. The clinical manifestations are: slow growth local
mass, long course of disease, some can be as long as decades, most
patients have no obvious conscious symptoms, a few patients can appear
local pain or distension. However, papillary cystadenoma of the
esophagus is very rare, and few cases have been reported. We report a
case of papillary cystadenoma of the lower esophagus and its treatment
by endoscopy. The patient had no obvious complaint of discomfort.
Routine gastroscopy found submucosal protuberant lesions in the lower
segment of the esophagus (Figure 1), and endoscopic ultrasonography
suggested cystic and solid lesions originating from the muscular layer
of the esophageal mucosa, thus mesenchymal tumor was preliminarily
diagnosed (Figure 2). After the exclusion of relevant contraindications,
preoperative examinations were completed and the tumor was completely
removed by esophageal submucosal tumor excision under endoscopy (Figure
3). Postoperative pathology indicated the tumor is papillary
cystadenoma, and immunohistochemistry indicated that: CK7(+), CK(+), and
basal cells of P63 (+) (Figure 4, 5). Due to the rare case, combined
with the process of the diagnosis and treatment of this case, we
reviewed the relevant reports on the papillary cystadenoma of the
digestive tract in the past 60 years, in order to help clinicians to
improve their understanding and treatments of the papillary cystadenoma.
Extent and distribution of surface soil acidity in the rainfed areas of Ethiopia
Authors: Desta Gizaw , Kassawmar Tibebu , Tadesse Matebu , Zeleke Gete
Published: July 2021

The soil acidity level is a key soil characteristic that determines soil
nutrient availability, soil microbial activities and crop growth.
However, studies on distribution and extent of soil acidity in Ethiopia
are not available. This study was carried out to predict the extent and
severity of soil acidity. The study used 88,265 soil pH samples
collected from soil laboratories and 21,439 samples compiled from
studies. Rainfall, altitude, slope gradient, soil, and land cover were
considered to generate spatial autocorrelation and integrated into
geospatial analysis to predict the soil pH. The performance of the
kriging model was found to be satisfactory with a standard error of
0.77, RMSE of 0.51, and R2 of 0.74. The model estimates showed that 47%
and 30.2% of the country’s total area and rainfed areas were acidic
(pH<6.5), respectively. Out of the total area of the country,
3.7% is found to be extremely to strongly acidic (pH<5.5),
20.7% is moderately acidic (5.6
Reelin cells and sex-dependent synaptopathology in autism following postnatal immune activation
Authors: Ardalan Maryam , Chumak Tetyana , Quist Alexandra , Hermans Eva , H.Rafati Ali , Gravina Giacomo , Shiadeh Seyedeh Marziyeh Jabbari , Svedin Pernilla , Alabaf Setareh , Hansen Brian , Wegener Gregers , Westberg Lars , Mallard Carina
Published: July 2021

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are heterogeneous neurodevelopmental
disorders with considerably increased risk in male infants born preterm
and with neonatal infection. Here we investigated the role of postnatal
immune activation on hippocampal synaptopathology by targeting Reelin+
cells in mice with ASD-like behavior. C57/Bl6 mouse pups of both sexes
received lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1mg/kg) on postnatal day (P) 5. At
P45, animal behavior was examined by marble burying and sociability
test, followed by ex-vivo brain MRI diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI).
Hippocampal synaptogenesis, number and morphology of Reelin+ cells, and
mRNA expression of trans-synaptic genes, including neurexin-3,
neuroligin-1, and cell-adhesion molecule nectin-1 were analyzed at P12
and P45. Social withdrawal and increased stereotypic activities in males
were related to increased mean diffusivity on MRI-DKI and overgrowth in
hippocampus together with retention of long-thin immature synapses on
apical dendrites, decreased volume and number of Reelin+ cells as well
as reduced expression of trans-synaptic and cell-adhesion molecules. The
study provides new insights into sex-dependent mechanisms that may
underlie ASD-like behavior in males following PIA. We identify GABAergic
interneurons as core components of dysmaturation of excitatory synapses
in the hippocampus following postnatal infection and provide cellular
and molecular substrates for the MRI findings with translational value.
Drugs For Attenuation of Hemodynamic Responses In Patients Undergoing Elective Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: MENDEZ NAYELY GARCIA , Reyna Guillermo Careaga , Ramírez Marisol Jiménez , Duran Ramón Campos , Delgado Carlos Manterola , Bravo Ruben Mejia
Published: July 2021

Objective: We aimed to compare the effectiveness of esmolol (ESM) vs.
dexmedetomidine (DEX) in the treatment of increased hemodynamic response
during coronary artery bypass. Methods: Following the approval of the
Local Committee Research and Ethics Health Research, a controlled
randomized clinical trial, in patients undergoing elective coronary
revascularization during off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery, was
performed under standardized general anesthesia. Patients randomly
received infusions of ESM 0,5 mg /kg or DEX 0,5 cg/kg/hr. Hemodynamic
variables of study: heart rate and MAP were analyzed at different times:
t1) baseline, t2) sternotomy, t3) time of coronary anastomosis and t4)
sternal closure. Results: In group DEX, a statistic significance was
found in the heart rate sternotomy (t2) p=0,004 and heart rate (t3= time
of coronary anastomosis) p=0,026 and MAP during (t3) p=0,002.
Conclusions: Although ESM and DEX attenuate hemodynamic response during
coronary artery bypass, in the DEX group, hemodynamic stabilization was
observed in heart rate and MAP during coronary artery bypass.
Extend aortic repair for acute type A aortic dissection with rupture and malperfusion complicated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Authors: Maekawa Koki , Fujiyoshi Toshiki , Kano Masaki , Matsumoto Ryumon , Nakano Yu , Ogino Hitoshi
Published: July 2021

Background Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a disorder in the metabolism
of fibrillary collagen. Its vascular type (vEDS) frequently develops
arterial rupture and aortic dissection. Case presentation The patient
was a 54-year-old gentleman who suffered from cardiac tamponade,
malperfusion of the left carotid artery and the right lower extremity
due to acute type A aortic dissection. Rupture of the aortic root and a
huge entry located from the transverse arch to the proximal descending
aorta were found. There were no significant deformities at aortic valve,
so we tried extended repairs of valve sparing root replacement (VSRR)
and total arch replacement (TAR) with frozen elephant trunk (FET) and
were successfully performed. He was finally diagnosed as vascular
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) by genetic examination. Conclusion
Emergency extensive repairs of VSRR and TAR with FET for critical AAAD
with rupture and malperfusion was successfully performed for a vEDS
patient.