bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Off-shell strings I: S-matrix and action
Authors: Ahmadain Amr , Wall Aron C.
Published: July 2024

We explain why Tseytlin’s off-shell formulation of string theory is well-defined. Although quantizing strings on an off-shell background requires an arbitrary choice of Weyl frame, this choice is not physically significant since it can be absorbed into a field redefinition of the target space fields. The off-shell formalism is particularly subtle at tree-level, due to the treatment of the noncompact conformal Killing group SL(2,\mathbb{C}ℂ) of the sphere. We prove that Tseytlin’s sphere prescriptions recover the standard tree-level Lorentzian S-matrix, and show how to extract the stringy i\varepsiloniε prescription from the UV cutoff on the worldsheet. We also demonstrate that the correct tree-level equations of motion are obtained to all orders in perturbation theory in g_sgs and \alpha^{\prime}α′, and illuminate the close connection between the string action and the c-theorem.
Violência contra a mulher a partir da perspectiva de homens universitários em Manaus/AM
Authors: Rebouças Eduardo Azevedo , Wiggers Raquel , Lima Natã Souza
Published: July 2024

Dado que os números oficiais de violência contra a mulher vêm crescendo de forma alarmante nos últimos anos, é de extrema importância analisar esse fenômeno. Sendo assim, este estudo vem pautado nos referenciais de gênero, violência contra mulher e masculinidades, e tem por objetivo fazer uma análise sobre violência contra a mulher a partir da ótica masculina, observando o que os homens compartilham acerca, seja em suas falas ou ações. Possibilitando entender como o comportamento do homem interfere nas dinâmicas sociais e culturais do ambiente no qual se encontra. Dessa forma o objeto da pesquisa foram os homens jovens, de até 30 anos, graduandos das instituições FAMETRO e UFAM na cidade de Manaus. Consequentemente, a pesquisa insere-se nas discussões sobre violências cometidas contra mulheres, enfocando um eixo incomum nas análises de gênero. Logo, a partir da ótica masculina sobre a violência contra a mulher se desencadearam diversas categorias de análise, como: a construção do homem e sua posição nas relações de gênero, a naturalização da violência, a valoração da violência e a manifestação de diversas formas de violência. Analisando como a violência ocorre para os homens graduandos, a pesquisa dá respaldo para reflexões acerca do combate e da prevenção de violências de gênero e novas formas de masculinidades.
Submissão: 14 mai. 2024 ⊶ Aceite: 16 jun. 2024
Patrimonialização, turismo e gentrificação na cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Souza Eder Claudio Malta , Machado Paula Merlino
Published: July 2024

O artigo analisa as repercussões da política de patrimonialização na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e as intervenções público-privadas realizadas em áreas urbanas de valor de consumo paisagístico, monumental e patrimonial para promover o turismo e a imagem internacional da cidade. Além disso, discute a noção de paisagem cultural e de que forma ela se torna estratégica para a implementação de políticas de valorização paisagística que pode levar a processos de gentrificação. A metodologia é qualitativa, baseada na revisão de documentos, artigos científicos e pesquisas empíricas. Os resultados revelam que os projetos de valorização da sua paisagem cultural avançam para promover a sustentabilidade urbana e patrimonial. Contudo, é crucial questionar a direção desses investimentos, especialmente diante da especulação imobiliária e da turistificação que geram desafios para conciliar a estetização da cidade com uma abordagem participativa, educacional e inclusiva para a população.
Submissão: 15 mai. 2024 ⊶ Aceite: 24 jun. 2024
Bases para pensar a inteligência artificial e a aprendizagem escolar e organizacional
Authors: Sueth Robson
Published: July 2024

Este ensaio teve por objetivo evidenciar alertas e recomendações voltados para o emprego da inteligência artificial (IA) em processos educativos, educacionais e organizacionais, considerando seus impactos por meio de experiências e avaliações procedidas e divulgadas por estudos analisados por autores provenientes de instituições do Canadá, China, Coreia do Sul, Dinamarca, Espanha, Estados Unidos, França, Inglaterra, Nova Zelândia, Rússia e Brasil. Está caracterizado como um ensaio descritivo bibliográfico, que se baseou, principalmente, no estudo de Chassignol, Khoroshavin, Klimova e Bilyatdinova (2018) e, entre outras pesquisas originais, na obra de Shah (2023), com foco nos impactos da IA na educação. Resta-nos aguardar como a aplicação da IA será admitida nos processos produtivos e educativos para se conhecerem as novas atribuições reservadas ao contingente humano, e sem esquecer que, mesmo com os benefícios impactantes oferecidos pela IA, a atuação humanizada do professor ainda não pode ser preterida do processo educativo.
Heterogenous Expression and Purification of Lipid II Flippase from
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Zheng Yuan Yuan , Chung Wai-Hong , Leung Yun-Chung , Wong Kwok-Yin
Published: July 2024

Background:

Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen with strains that are
resistant to existing antibiotics. MurJ from S. aureus (SaMurJ), an integral membrane protein
functioning as Lipid II flippase, is a potential target for developing new antibacterial agents against
this pathogen. Successful expression and purification of this protein shall be useful in the
development of drugs against this target.

Objective:

In this study, we demonstrated the optimized expression and purification procedures of
SaMurJ, identified suitable detergent for extracting and solubilizing the protein, and examined the
peptidisc system to generate a detergent-free environment.

Methods::

SaMurJ fused with N-terminal ten-His tag was expressed without induction. Six
detergents were selected for screening the most efficient candidate for extraction and solubilization
of the protein. The thermostability of the detergent-solubilized protein was assessed by evaluated
temperature incubation. Different ratios of peptidisc bi-helical peptide (NSPr) to SaMurJ were
mixed and the on-bead peptidisc assembly method was applied.

Results:

SaMurJ expressed in BL21(DE3) was confirmed by peptide fingerprinting, with a yield of
1 mg SaMurJ per liter culture. DDM was identified as the optimum detergent for solubilization and
the nickel affinity column enabled SaMurJ purification with a purity of ~88%. However, NSPr
could not stabilize SaMurJ.

Conclusion:

The expression and purification of SaMurJ were successful, with high purity and
good yield. SaMurJ can be solubilized and stabilized by a DDM-containing buffer.
Overview of Spanlastics: A Groundbreaking Elastic Medication Delivery Device with Versatile Prospects for Administration via Various Routes
Authors: Kumar Lalit , Rana Ritesh , Kukreti Gauree , Aggarwal Vikas , Chaurasia Himanshu , Sharma Puneet , Jyothiraditya Vuluchala
Published: July 2024

:

When compared to the challenges associated with traditional dosage forms, medication delivery
systems based on nanotechnology have been a huge boon. One such candidate for medication delivery is
spanlastics, an elastic nanovesicle that can transport a diverse array of medicinal compounds. The use of spanlastics
has been associated with an increase in interest in alternative administration methods. The non-ionic
surfactant or surfactant blend is the main component of spanlastics. The purpose of this review was primarily
to examine the potential of spanlastics as a delivery system for a variety of medication classes administered
via diverse routes. Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Pubmed were utilized to search the academic literature
for this review. Several studies have demonstrated that spanlastics greatly improve therapeutic effectiveness,
increase medication absorption, and decrease drug toxicity. This paper provides a summary of the composition
and structure of spanlastics along with their utility in the delivery of various therapeutic agents by adopting
different routes. Additionally, it provides an overview of the numerous disorders that may be treated using
drugs that are contained in spanlastic vesicles.
Multitarget Compounds for Neglected Diseases: A Review
Authors: de Sousa Natália Ferreira , de Sousa Gabriela Ribeiro , de Lima Natanael Teles Ramos , de Assis Edileuza Bezerra , Aragão Mariana Costa , de Moura Érika Paiva , Gopalsamy Rajiv Gandhi , Scotti Marcus Tullius , Scotti Luciana
Published: July 2024

:

Neglected diseases are a group of infectious diseases, many of them parasitic, that mainly affect the poorest populations with limited access to health services, especially those living in remote rural areas and slums. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), neglected diseases put the lives of more than 200 million people at risk, and treatment is made difficult by the occurrence of resistance to existing medications, as well as the high level of toxicity. In this way, the potential of multitarget compounds is highlighted, defined as compounds designed to modulate multiple targets of relevance to disease, with the overall goal of enhancing efficacy and/or improving safety. Thus, the objective of our study is to evaluate existing multi-target compound approaches for neglected diseases, with an emphasis on Leishmaniasis, Chagas Disease, and Arboviruses. A literature review was performed by searching the database “Web of Sciences”. In relation to the diseases covered in this work, Leishmaniasis, individually, was the one that presented the largest number of articles (11) that dealt with the topic, which can be justi-fied by the high prevalence of this disease in the world, the second most common disease was Dengue, followed by Chagas disease, Chikungunya virus, and Zika virus. Furthermore, the multi-target potential of phenolic compounds was observed in all diseases under study, with the mecha-nisms related to the nucleus and transcription being the most reported mechanisms. From this per-spective, it is worth highlighting the effectiveness of approaches related to multitarget drugs in discovering new therapeutic agents for neglected diseases.
Knowledge about HIV and Stigmatizing Attitudes of Medical Students in Saudi Arabia Towards Patients with HIV/AIDS: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Study
Authors: Hakami Ehab F. , Alghamdi Abdulaziz M. , Alwayel Zahraa Ali , Hakami Fatimah , Almurakshi Muhjah M. , Alghamdi Ohoud A. , Ghazzawi Manar A. , Alhazmi Abdulaziz H.
Published: July 2024

Background:

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the social stigma directed
toward patients with HIV are serious public health issues. We aimed to evaluate the HIV
knowledge base and stigmatizing attitudes toward patients with HIV among students enrolled in
medical schools in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included students at medical colleges in Saudi Arabia and
was conducted between February and March 2023. We used non-random convenience sampling
with an online chain referral via a validated Arabic questionnaire composed of 35 questions. Data
were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistics.

Results:

A total of 1,213 medical students (women: 56.6%) participated in the study. Students in
clinical years had a higher level of HIV knowledge than their pre-clinical colleagues. Logistic regression
analysis revealed that participants who gave incorrect answers to questions related to
mother-to-child and casual contact HIV transmission had a higher likelihood of harboring a negative
attitude towards patients with HIV. Conversely, those who correctly answered queries on prevention
and treatment were less likely to have stigmatizing attitudes. A significant proportion of
this cohort harbored negative attitudes toward patients with HIV, with the sex and geographic location
of participants being significant predictors of negative attitudes.

Conclusion:

Our data have revealed a significant percentage of medical students in Saudi Arabia
to have misconceptions about HIV transmission and prevention, and stigmatizing attitudes toward
patients with HIV, indicating a need for targeted interventions to enhance the HIV knowledge
base in this population of future caregivers.
Exploration of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA)-Producing Rhizosphere Fungi in Environmentally Friendly And Conventional Cabbage Fields at The UB Agrotechnopark
Authors: Hadameon Bagas , Rachmawati Rina , Sandy Yohana Avelia
Published: July 2024

Soil is a habitat for many types of microbes that have a role in maintaining soil nutrition, and most of them grow around plant roots. Factors that are quite influential in the growth process are the hormone auxin, which has a role in stem bending and stimulates differentiation. This study aimed to obtain a genus of IAA hormone-producing rhizosphere fungi (Indole-3-Acetic Acid) and determine the effect of environmentally friendly and conventional land cultivation on the diversity of IAA hormone-producing fungi at Agrotechnopark UB Cangar Garden. Fungi isolates were cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) media enriched with tryptophan as a precursor to form IAA. IAA measurements were carried out qualitatively by adding the Salkowski reagent and quantitatively by measuring the absorbance. As many as 10 rhizosphere fungal isolates were obtained from environmentally friendly land and 8 fungal isolates from conventional land, which produced IAA hormones. The fungal genera obtained included Acremonium, Aspergillus, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Trichoderma. Environmentally friendly cabbage fields (average: 283.8 ppm) showed higher yields than conventional fields (average: 140.9 ppm) in producing IAA hormones. There was a correlation between soil pH and organic matter on fungal diversity, with a correlation value of 0.878. The diversity index value of rhizosphere fungi was 1.359; the evenness index was 0.845, and the dominance index was 0.302 on environmentally friendly land. The diversity index value of rhizosphere fungi was 1.213; the evenness index was 0.875, and the dominance index was 0.344 on conventional land.
Teachers' role in implementing the Somali primary school curriculum in Mogadishu, Somalia
Authors:   Faculty of Education, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia, Abdi Abdirahman Ibrahim , Idris Mohamed Osman Abdi ,   Faculty of Education, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the key factors influencing teachers' roles in implementing the primary curriculum in Mogadishu, Somalia. It explored the impact of Teacher Training and Qualifications (TTQ), Resource and Support (RS), and School Leadership and Culture (SLC) on Teacher Motivation (M) and its role in curriculum execution. A probability sampling method was used to select a representative sample of 322 teachers from a population of 2000, ensuring a broad perspective. The research employed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via the SEMinR software for analysis, supplemented by descriptive statistics to summarize the data. The analysis aimed to validate the measures, distinguish between constructs, and test the developed hypotheses. The results confirmed the significance of TTQ, RS, SLC, and Teacher Motivation in curriculum implementation, rejecting the null hypotheses with p-values significantly below the 0.05 threshold. The findings underscore the necessity of enhancing teacher training, resource provision, leadership, and motivation to improve curriculum implementation and educational quality.
ВПЛИВ ВІТАМІНУ D НА ПЕРЕБІГ ЕНДОКРИННИХ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ (огляд літератури)
Authors: Урбанович Аліна , Плахетко Соломія
Published: July 2024

Вітамін D – прогормон, який виконує важливу роль в організмі, а саме: регуляцію рівня кальцію та фосфору, приймає участь у функціонуванні кісткової системи, регуляції роботи ендокринної та імунної систем. У даній оглядовій статті проаналізовано питання впливу вітаміну D на функціонування та перебіг захворювань щитоподібної залози (ЩЗ), регуляторний вплив дефіциту вітаміну D на виникнення і прогресування ожиріння, висвітлено роль недостатності вітаміну D у перебігу синдрому полікістозних яєчників (СПКЯ). З метою пошуку літературних даних використано бази даних PubMed та Google Scholar. У даному огляді висвітлені ймовірні механізми сприятливого впливу вітаміну D на зниження титрів антитиреоїдних антитіл та нормалізацію рівня ТТГ при аутоімунних захворюваннях ЩЗ. Продемонстровано вплив препаратів вітаміну D на відновлення рівнів вільних Т3 та Т4 при одночасному застосуванні з антитиреоїдними препаратами при хворобі Грейвса (ХГ). Також помічено вплив цього вітаміну на імунну систему через зменшення продукції прозапальних цитокінів (IL-2, IL-5, IL-17, TNF-α). Зазначається про доцільність скринінгу пацієнтів з ожирінням на дефіцит вітаміну D та використання його для блокування адипогенезу, протидії гіперлептинемії та зниження інсулінорезистентності. Проаналізовано наявність зв'язку між призначенням вітаміну D при ЕКЗ у жінок, які мають СПКЯ з частотою імплантації та настанням вагітності. Підкреслено важливість оптимального рівня вітаміну D для поліпшення сприйнятливості ендометрія, покращення чутливості до інсуліну у жінок з СПКЯ. Заслуговує на увагу покращення ймовірності виникнення овуляції після її індукції у жінок з СПКЯ при достатньому рівні 25-(ОН)D у крові. Враховуючи те, що жінки з СПКЯ та гірсутизмом мають нижчий рівень вітаміну D, ніж жінки без гірсутизму, можна зробити припущення, що існує кореляція між дефіцитом вітаміну D та гіперандрогенією. Перспективними є рандомізовані плацебо-контрольовані подвійні сліпі клінічні дослідження з метою подальшого вивчення механізмів впливу вітаміну D і визначення його необхідної адекватної дози для пацієнтів із ожирінням та його супутніми станами, аутоімунними захворюваннями ЩЗ та СПКЯ.
Descriptores para guayaba (Psidium spp.): con guía ilustrada y catálogo técnico
Authors: Caicedo Arana Álvaro , Enríquez Valencia Ayda Lilia , Rodríguez Henao Eberto , Aguilera-Arango Germán Andrés , Montero Cantillo Yesith Darith , Gutiérrez-Berdugo Iván Antonio , Cañar Serna Dubert Yamil , Arenas-Rubio Isueh , Moreno-Pérez Sheilla
Published: July 2024

Este catálogo es un tributo a la magnífica Colección Colombia de Germoplasma de Guayaba y sus especies relacionadas (pertenecientes al Banco de Germoplasma para la Alimentación y la Agricultura) y a la incansable labor de quienes han trabajado constantemente para preservar su riqueza genética. La Colección se convierte en un tesoro en sí misma, un repositorio vivo de la variabilidad existente en las guayabas, que nos recuerda la importancia de conservar nuestros recursos fitogenéticos. A través de cada una de las fichas técnicas basadas en descriptores de la especie, les invitamos a explorar las accesiones que conforman esta colección única. Distribuidas desde las montañas de los Andes hasta las tierras bajas de la costa, estas guayabas han sido cultivadas y establecidas por generaciones de agricultores colombianos, cuyos frutos albergan secretos y sabores que merecen ser descubiertos. Este catálogo no solo es un compendio de variables físicas, morfológicas y fisicoquímicas, sino una evidencia del trabajo de investigación, desarrollo e innovación (I+D+i) planteados por los curadores de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), quienes han mantenido su esfuerzo en la conservación de la colección, lo cual implica un llamado a la acción para preservar esta invaluable herencia agrícola para las generaciones futuras. Analizar este catálogo es embarcarse en un viaje a través de la riqueza de la colección de guayaba. Descubra su diversidad de formas, colores y texturas. Comprenda cómo estas accesiones pueden contribuir a temas claves como el premejoramiento, el cambio climático, la seguridad alimentaria, la economía circular y el enriquecimiento de la agricultura, entre otros. Esperamos que este catálogo sea una fuente invaluable de inspiración y conocimiento, que contribuya a la conservación de este emblema de la diversidad botánica.
Electronic Health Record–Oriented Knowledge Graph System for Collaborative Clinical Decision Support Using Multicenter Fragmented Medical Data: Design and Application Study
Authors: Shang Yong , Tian Yu , Lyu Kewei , Zhou Tianshu , Zhang Ping , Chen Jianghua , Li Jingsong
Published: July 2024

Background

The medical knowledge graph provides explainable decision support, helping clinicians with prompt diagnosis and treatment suggestions. However, in real-world clinical practice, patients visit different hospitals seeking various medical services, resulting in fragmented patient data across hospitals. With data security issues, data fragmentation limits the application of knowledge graphs because single-hospital data cannot provide complete evidence for generating precise decision support and comprehensive explanations. It is important to study new methods for knowledge graph systems to integrate into multicenter, information-sensitive medical environments, using fragmented patient records for decision support while maintaining data privacy and security.

Objective

This study aims to propose an electronic health record (EHR)–oriented knowledge graph system for collaborative reasoning with multicenter fragmented patient medical data, all the while preserving data privacy.

Methods

The study introduced an EHR knowledge graph framework and a novel collaborative reasoning process for utilizing multicenter fragmented information. The system was deployed in each hospital and used a unified semantic structure and Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) vocabulary to standardize the local EHR data set. The system transforms local EHR data into semantic formats and performs semantic reasoning to generate intermediate reasoning findings. The generated intermediate findings used hypernym concepts to isolate original medical data. The intermediate findings and hash-encrypted patient identities were synchronized through a blockchain network. The multicenter intermediate findings were collaborated for final reasoning and clinical decision support without gathering original EHR data.

Results

The system underwent evaluation through an application study involving the utilization of multicenter fragmented EHR data to alert non-nephrology clinicians about overlooked patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study covered 1185 patients in nonnephrology departments from 3 hospitals. The patients visited at least two of the hospitals. Of these, 124 patients were identified as meeting CKD diagnosis criteria through collaborative reasoning using multicenter EHR data, whereas the data from individual hospitals alone could not facilitate the identification of CKD in these patients. The assessment by clinicians indicated that 78/91 (86%) patients were CKD positive.

Conclusions

The proposed system was able to effectively utilize multicenter fragmented EHR data for clinical application. The application study showed the clinical benefits of the system with prompt and comprehensive decision support.
Evaluating the Capabilities of Generative AI Tools in Understanding Medical Papers: Qualitative Study
Authors: Akyon Seyma Handan , Akyon Fatih Cagatay , Camyar Ahmet Sefa , Hızlı Fatih , Sari Talha , Hızlı Şamil
Published: July 2024

Background

Reading medical papers is a challenging and time-consuming task for doctors, especially when the papers are long and complex. A tool that can help doctors efficiently process and understand medical papers is needed.

Objective

This study aims to critically assess and compare the comprehension capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in accurately and efficiently understanding medical research papers using the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) checklist, which provides a standardized framework for evaluating key elements of observational study.

Methods

The study is a methodological type of research. The study aims to evaluate the understanding capabilities of new generative artificial intelligence tools in medical papers. A novel benchmark pipeline processed 50 medical research papers from PubMed, comparing the answers of 6 LLMs (GPT-3.5-Turbo, GPT-4-0613, GPT-4-1106, PaLM 2, Claude v1, and Gemini Pro) to the benchmark established by expert medical professors. Fifteen questions, derived from the STROBE checklist, assessed LLMs’ understanding of different sections of a research paper.

Results

LLMs exhibited varying performance, with GPT-3.5-Turbo achieving the highest percentage of correct answers (n=3916, 66.9%), followed by GPT-4-1106 (n=3837, 65.6%), PaLM 2 (n=3632, 62.1%), Claude v1 (n=2887, 58.3%), Gemini Pro (n=2878, 49.2%), and GPT-4-0613 (n=2580, 44.1%). Statistical analysis revealed statistically significant differences between LLMs (P<.001), with older models showing inconsistent performance compared to newer versions. LLMs showcased distinct performances for each question across different parts of a scholarly paper—with certain models like PaLM 2 and GPT-3.5 showing remarkable versatility and depth in understanding.

Conclusions

This study is the first to evaluate the performance of different LLMs in understanding medical papers using the retrieval augmented generation method. The findings highlight the potential of LLMs to enhance medical research by improving efficiency and facilitating evidence-based decision-making. Further research is needed to address limitations such as the influence of question formats, potential biases, and the rapid evolution of LLM models.
Роль сірководню в патогенезі та терапії серцево-судинних захворювань
Authors: Lazarev P.O.
Published: July 2024

No abstract
Primary Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis
Authors: Medina Elba , Ariceta Gema , Batlle Daniel
Published: July 2024

The term classic, type 1 renal tubular acidosis or primary distal renal tubular acidosis is used to designate patients with impaired ability to excrete acid normally in the urine as a result of tubular transport defects involving type A intercalated cells in the collecting duct. The clinical phenotype is largely characterized by the complications of chronic metabolic acidosis (MA): stunted growth, bone abnormalities, and nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis that develop as the consequence of hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia. All these manifestations are preventable with early and sustained correction of MA with alkali therapy. The optimal target for plasma bicarbonate should be as close as possible to the range considered normal by current standards (between 23 and 28 mEq/L.). Most of the benefits of alkali therapy are tangible early in the course of the disease in childhood, but life-long treatment is required to prevent the vast array of complications attributable to chronic MA.
Review Paper on Investigating the Hardened Properties of Extrusion Based 3D Concrete Printing with Agro-Industrial Waste Materials
Authors: Verma Nisha
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) concrete printing (3DCP) is a transformative construction technique that offers the potential for greater efficiency, customization, and architectural flexibility. This technology is becoming increasingly necessary in the construction industry due to its ability to reduce labour costs, increase productivity, and minimize waste. The use of alkali-activated materials in 3DCP is gaining attention due to their superior mechanical properties and lower carbon footprint compared to traditional Portland cement. These materials, which include agro-industrial by-products like fly ash, slag and bagasse ash are activated by alkaline solutions to form a binder. The development of sustainable, alkali activated 3DCP materials is a critical step towards environmentally friendly construction practices. The primary focus of this research is to investigate the hardened properties of 3DCP materials, including compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, bond strength, and Poisson’s ratio. These properties are fundamental for predicting the performance of 3D printed structures under various loading conditions.
POTENSI EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT DAUN KELUBUT DARI KOTA SAMARINDA SEBAGAI AGEN ANTIHIPERGLIKEMIK
Authors: Varizza Fathiah Putri , Mochtar Chaerul Fadly , Damis Nur Lutfiah , Hafidzah Elva , Devi Reni Selviana , Aisyiyah Novia Misnawati , Husna Qur’anni Akhwatun , Faradillah Ayu
Published: July 2024

Daun kelubut (Passiflora foetida L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman herbal yang digunakan sebagai pengobatan diabetes mellitus. Digunakan rancangan The Pretest and Postest Control Group Design dengan 5 kelompok perlakuan (K1: kontrol negatif, K2: kontrol positif, K3: ekstrak etil asetat daun kelubut 250mg/kgBB, K4: ekstrak etil asetat daun kelubut 500mg/kgBB dan K5: ekstrak etil asetat daun kelubut 750mg/kgBB). Sebelum diberi perlakuan, mencit  diinduksi aloksan dengan dosis 150mg/kgBB secara intraperitonial. Pengukuran kadar glukosa dilakukan 4 kali yaitu pada jam ke-0, 2, 4 dan 6, kemudian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan SPSS 26 dengan uji one-way ANOVA, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji post hoc test metode uji LSD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok uji ekstrak etil asetat dengan dosis 250mg/kgBB, 500mg/kgBB dan 750mg/kgBB memiliki kemampuan dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah pada mencit. Peningkatan dosis berpengaruh dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah, dimana semakin tinggi dosis yang digunakan, maka semakin baik pula efektivitasnya. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh hasil penurunan kadar gula darah paling baik pada kelompok perlakuan uji ekstrak etil asetat dengan dosis 750mg/kgBB.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIJAMUR Candida albicans SEDIAAN PATCH MUKOADHESIF EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata L.)
Authors: Yuliyani Rini , Septiani Agustien Gina , Susanti
Published: July 2024

Kandidiasis oral merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi yang terjadi pada mulut yang disebabkan oleh jamur Candida albicans. Daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki aktivitas antijamur terhadap Candida albicans dan dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan patch mukoadhesif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan ekstrak etanol daun sirsak menjadi sediaan patch mukoadhesif dan mengetahui aktivitas antijamurnya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium menggunakan metode eksperimental. Ekstrak daun sirsak dibuat dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Ekstrak kemudian diformulasikan menjadi sediaan patch mukoadhesif dengan variasi konsentrasi 15% (F1), 17,5% (F2), dan 20% (F3). Patch dilakukan evaluasi diantaranya uji organoleptik, uji keseragaman bobot, uji keseragaman ketebalan, uji ketahanan lipat, uji pH, dan uji swelling index. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun sirsak dapat dibuat menjadi sediaan patch mukoadhesif karena semua formula telah memenuhi persyaratan. Uji aktivitas antijamur dilakukan dengan metode sumuran menggunakan media Saboraud Dextrose Agar menghasilkan zona hambat sediaan dengan kategori sedang pada F1 (15%) memiliki zona hambat sebesar 6,46 mm dan pada F2 (17,5%) memiliki zona hambat sebesar 9,13 mm, sedangkan kategori kuat pada F3 (20%) memiliki zona hambat sebesar 12,46 mm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun sirsak mampu menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIJAMUR SABUN PEMBERSIH KEWANITAAN EKSTRAK DAUN SALAM (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) TERHADAP Candida albicans ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF FEMININE HYGIENE BAY LEAF EXTRACT (Syzygium Polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) AGAINST Candida albicans
Authors: Yanti Dila , Agustien Gina Septiani , Nofriyaldi Ali
Published: July 2024

Infeksi jamur pada daerah vagina umumnya disebabkan oleh jamur Candida albicans dengan gejala utama keputihan yang sering diikuti rasa gatal, perih dan bau tidak sedap. Daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki aktivitas antijamur terhadap Candida albicans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak daun salam dapat diformulasikan dalam sediaan sabun pembersih kewanitaan yang sesuai dengan standar uji evaluasi fisik dan mengetahui aktivitasnya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Ekstrak daun salam dibuat dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% dan diperoleh ekstrak kental sebanyak 113,72 g. Dilakukan formulasi sediaan dengan konsentrasi ekstrak daun salam 6%, 9% dan 12%. Evaluasi fisik sediaan meliputi organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, tinggi busa dan viskositas. Kemudian uji aktivitas antijamur dengan metode difusi sumuran menggunakan media Potato Dextrose Agar. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan sediaan sabun pembersih kewanitaan ekstrak daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) telah memenuhi standar uji evaluasi fisik dan memiliki aktivitas antijamur dengan diameter zona hambat pada konsentrasi 6% dan 9% secara berurutan 6,84 mm dan 8,60 mm yang termasuk klasifikasi respon daya hambat sedang dan F12% memiliki diameter zona hambat 11,92 mm dengan klasifikasi respon daya hambat kuat.
POTENSI KITOSAN DARI CANGKANG RAJUNGAN (Portunus pelagicus) SEBAGAI ZAT ANTIBAKTERI
Authors: Husni Patihul , Junaedi Junaedi , Gozali Dolih
Published: July 2024

Plak gigi merupakan suatu lapisan biofilm yang tersusun atas sel-sel dari koloni mikroorganisme pada permukaan gigi yang berperan sangat dominan dalam pembentukan karies gigi. Salah satu penyebab timbulnya plak adalah bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Kitosan dari cangkang rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) diketahui memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji potensi kitosan dari cangkang rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) sebagai zat antibakteri. Uji aktivitas antibakteri kitosan dilakukan terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan nilai konsentrasi hambat tumbuh minimum (KHTM) pada konsentrasi 0,05–0,1%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus terjadi pada konsentrasi 0,4% dan 0,8% berdasarkan zona hambat. Kesimpulan studi ini adalah kitosan dari cangkang rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri.
Pendidikan Akhlak Karimah Berbasis Kultur Pesantren
Authors: Muhammad Aditya Firdaus  , Fauzian Rinda
Published: July 2024

The problem with the moral decadence of students is that it important to find a solution. Schools that apply the pesantren culture are seen able to solve it and as an alternative in responding to community anxiety, especially in the issue of immoral behavior. The purpose of this research is to elaborate the design of the pesantren culture, the process of forming the Akhlak Karimah, and the efforts to form the character of the students. The research method used is descriptive method. Data were collected through observation, interview and documentation techniques. The data was taken from SMKT Ad-Dimyati Bandung. The results showed (1) the design of the pesantren culture of SMKT Ad-Dimyati Bandung was visionary and oriented towards the goal of integrating the school curriculum with the pesantren curriculum. (2) The educational process focuses on intellectual and emotional development within the framework of good morals. (3) In instilling a pesantren culture to shape the morals of students, emphasizing all pesantren programs that are oriented towards the vision and mission of the school which give birth to participatory contributions.
Pengaruh Evaluasi Online Terhadap Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Lismawati  , Shofariyani Iryanti Shobah , Fitrah Amalia Anisya
Published: July 2024

This study aims to determine how much influence the evaluation of online learning using the Quizizz application and Google Form has on student learning outcomes within the scope of the Islamic Religious Education study program. This type of research is a quantitative research with a quasi-experimental research method. The data collection method was carried out using a test technique with a research design of pretest-posttest control group design, where the researcher gave a pretest with the aim of getting students' initial scores through the google form. The posttest was also given using the Quizizz application, then analyzed using data tabulation to draw conclusions. The place where the research was carried out was at FAI UHAMKA, South Jakarta. The samples used in this study were PAI VI A (Google form) and VI D (Quizizz). The data collected includes primary data. Primary data was obtained from the results of the pre-test and post-test of students. The results of the study confirm that there is an effect of online evaluation on the learning outcomes of PAI UHAMKA students in semester 6 of the Statistics course. This was obtained from the results of the study which showed that there was an increase from the original average value of 42.17 to 48.5.
Peran Guru PAI dalam Mengatasi Kesulitan Membaca Al-Qur'an di SMP Islam Arraudhoh
Authors: Rahmanto Muhammad Arifin , Khairul Adeliyah
Published: July 2024

This study was conducted to describe the role of PAI teachers in overcoming difficulties in reading the Qur'an at Arraudhoh Islamic Middle School. PAI teachers have a very important role in learning the Qur'an, therefore PAI teachers must pay attention to students in particular to give more attention to students who are still have difficulty in reading the Qur'an. This research is a descriptive qualitative research, and the data collection tools used are observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Informants in this study were PAI teachers and students who were selected for in-depth interviews with the aim of obtaining the information needed in this study. From the results of the study, it was found that there were around 15 students from 49 students who still had difficulty reading the Qur'an in class IX of Arraudhoh Islamic Middle School, and PAI teachers had done their best. such as, the habit of reading the Qur'an before starting learning, collaborating with other teachers, holding additional lessons on reading the Qur'an after school, and also using the Iqra teaching method, lectures, classical and private in learning.
PEOPLE'S ASSESSORS: PROBLEMS AND WAYS OF DEVELOPMENT IN MODERN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Dorozhkina Natalia ,   Moscow Institute of Public and Corporate Governance
Published: July 2024

This article examines the formation and development of courts with the participation of people's and jurors in Russia, provides the German experience of introducing jurors for the administration of justice - the Scheffen court, notes the advantages and disadvantages of the participation of people's assessors in the administration of justice, suggests legislative ways to attract the participation of people's assessors to participate in judicial proceedings.investigations into certain categories of criminal cases. The object of the study is relations in the field of administration of justice with the involvement of people's assessors, the research methods used by the author of the study were analysis, synthesis, abstraction, historical, comparative legal, formal logical and other research methods
A review of resilience in urban form for natural disaster-prone areas
Authors: Senjana Suci , Handayani Wiwandari , Suprapti Atik
Published: July 2024

Considering resilience within the components of urban form can aid in the planning of disaster-prone cities and enable them to become more resilient. Although prior research has explored resilience and urban form, the aspects of urban form that can enhance natural disaster resilience remain relatively underexplored. Thus, this study aims to identify these aspects and explore research opportunities in the development of resilience concepts in urban form that have been previously studied by researchers. This study employs the systematic review method, which includes bibliometric analysis and a full-text review of the identified literature. The results show that plots, open spaces, buildings, and streets are the main variables in developing a resilient urban form. Additionally, the street network within the urban form is emphasized in emergency disaster planning. Most current research describes resilience in terms of the ability to withstand and adapt by restoring and operating systems as they were before the disaster occurred. Recommendations for future research include focusing on long-term resilience in urban form by implementing new operational methods in cities to achieve transformative adaptation. Another opportunity is to conduct research in locations with unique characteristics in developing countries, especially areas that have previously experienced significant natural disasters. This study contributes to the understanding of how urban form can be enhanced for resilience through the planning of its components.
Serbian teachers’ conceptions of different aspects of planning cooperative learning in the classroom
Authors: Bulatovic Marija , Medar-Zlatkovic Jelena
Published: July 2024

Having in mind the significance of students? mutual cooperation in the
learning process, we conducted a study with the aim of understanding
teachers? perspectives on different aspects of planning cooperative learning
in the classroom. The sample comprised 19 teachers employed at primary and
secondary schools in Belgrade, Pancevo, and the municipality of Obrenovac.
The data was collected using the interview technique and processed via
thematic content analysis. The findings suggest that although teachers
shaped cooperative learning by creating different assignments for students,
they most often equated this form of learning with one-dimensional peer
tutoring. Teachers? contemplations about planning cooperative learning were
shaped by numerous stereotypes and misconceptions, whose origin can be
linked to deeply rooted elements of the traditional (instructional) method
of class organization. We conclude that despite certain teachers?
initiatives to implement cooperative learning in our midst, there is a
conspicuous lack of understanding of the intertwining dimensions of
cooperative learning. Teachers require support that surpasses the usual
forms of professional development and encompasses large-scale educational
projects connecting schools and scientific institutions and offering
teachers longitudinal facilitation in cooperative learning class preparation
Insights into children’s behavioral changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives from parents during quarantine in Serbia
Authors: Pavlovic Svetlana , Micic Isidora , Radanovic Ana , Krstic Ksenija
Published: July 2024

The research aimed to examine parental perceptions of children?s reactions
and behavioral changes related to the corona virus and the measures
implemented to curb the pandemic. Due to the shutdown of educational
institutions, the introduction of social distancing, and curfews, children
spent most of their time within the family unit, with limited opportunities
for socialization and playing with peers. Numerous studies have shown that
quarantine measures can have serious psychological consequences on children
and young people. In our study, 89 parents of children aged 3 to 11 years
(M=6.79; SD=2.49; 58% girls) responded to three open-ended questions
regarding observed behavioral changes in their children associated with the
fear of the corona virus and quarantine measures. The research was conducted
online during the state of emergency in Serbia. Using qualitative content
analysis, 267 parental responses were analyzed, from which 28 categories
were identified. Half of the parents noticed a fear of COVID-19 in their
children, while the majority reported various changes related to quarantine
measures. The most frequently mentioned were fear of going outside, asking
questions about the virus, and the emergence of new behaviors. Parents
observed reactions such as nervousness, intensified anger, sadness, anxiety,
and difficulties in concentration and establishing routines. The results of
this study provide important insights into children?s functioning in a
specific context, highlighting the significance of parental and school
practices in situations of uncertainty and crises such as the COVID-19
pandemic.
Individual and contextual factors of weapon carrying and assaulting with weapons in school among high school pupils in Serbia
Authors: Dinic Bojana , Sokolovska Valentina
Published: July 2024

Carrying weapons to school poses a significant security risk for all
individuals involved. The aim of this research was to examine the individual
and contextual factors (family- and school-related) of weapons carrying and
assaulting with weapon in schools. The research was conducted in 2014 on a
sample of 649 high school pupils from Serbia. The results reveal that the
common factors of carrying and using weapon are the perpetrators being male
and their being victims of peer violence, vengefulness, dominance, anger,
lack of empathy, seeking revenge, and limited use of active problem-solving,
as well as their fathers tending to have a lower level of education, lower
grades, attending vocational schools, and poor academic performance. In
addition, victims of bullying in cases of peer violence temd to carry weapon
more frequently, and they assault with a weapon just as frequently as
bullies do. Pupils who have assaulted someone with a weapon show a tendency
towards peer violence and dominance, and have lower cognitive empathy and
hostility, compared to pupils who carry a weapon, but have not yet attacked
anyone. The results support the vulnerability hypothesis regarding weapon
carrying, and the antisocial profile hypothesis regarding assaulting with a
weapon. The practical implications of the results refer to the importance of
planned, targeted prevention programs in the school context.
Insulin Regulation of Lysine and α-Aminoadipic Acid Dynamics and Amino Metabolites in Women With and Without Insulin Resistance
Authors: Chang Alice Y. , Asokan Aneesh K. , Lalia Antigoni Z. , Sakrikar Dhananjay , Lanza Ian R. , Petterson Xuan-Mai , Nair K. Sreekumaran
Published: July 2024

Insulin is a key regulator of amino acid metabolism. Many plasma amino acids, including lysine and its metabolite, α-aminoadipic acid (α-AA), a predictor for developing diabetes, are elevated in insulin resistance (IR). In 18 overweight women with IR and polycystic ovary syndrome compared with 12 lean control women, high physiological insulin during a euglycemic clamp failed to normalize many elevated amino acid metabolites, including branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, α-aminobutyric acid, and lysine, but normalized α-AA. To understand the underpinnings of differential responses of lysine and its metabolic product α-AA to high physiological insulin in IR compared with control participants, we developed a kinetic model using [α-15N1]-lysine and [13C1]-α-AA as tracers and measured the two tracers simultaneously in α-AA by innovative mass spectrometry. High insulin increased lysine conversion to α-AA in the IR and control groups but failed to normalize plasma lysine concentrations in IR due to a decrease in lysine metabolic clearance rate (MCR). In contrast, despite higher conversion rates of lysine to α-AA by high insulin, α-AA concentration decreased in IR because of the sustained greater MCR of α-AA. The abnormal amino acids and metabolites, even while on high physiological insulin, could potentially explain many functional derangements in IR.

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