bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMBELAJARAN TEKNOLOGI KOMPUTER BIDANG PERKANTORAN BAGI PERANGKAT DESA DI KECAMATAN BUNTU PANE
Authors: Irawati Novica , D.E Sinaga Hommy , Siddik Mohd
Published: February 2021

Abstrak: Computer technology more and more influential in the management of office space at the moment. It is characterized by the more easy it is bureaucracy, the study of grammar of the easy access to information from one point to another. Of course, computer technology will not be such a big contribution to the development of the management of the Government if the role of human resources is not optimized. With respect to the development of computer technology, until now has been a significant development occurred in several areas in regard of the IT application in management offices. Contradictory with the above example, there are still many areas that still have not had the courage or good faith to apply IT in the management of this Office for various reasons. In fact, the IT deployment in government management office management in particular can be a motivation for employees to improve productivity of work.Keywords : Computer technology, management offices, governmentAbstrak: Teknologi Komputer semakin banyak berperan  dalam manajemen perkantoran saat ini. Hal ini ditandai dengan semakin mudahnya birokrasi tata persuratan, semakin mudahnya akses informasi dari satu titik ke titik lainnya. Tentu saja, teknologi komputer tidak akan sedemikian besar kontribusinya bagi perkembangan manajemen pemerintahan jika peran sumber daya manusia tidak dioptimalkan. Sehubungan dengan perkembangan teknologi komputer, hingga saat ini telah terjadi perkembangan yang signifikan di beberapa daerah dalam kaitan aplikasi TI dalam Manajemen Perkantoran. Kontradiktif dengan kalimat di atas, masih banyak pula daerah perkantoran didesa yang masih belum memiliki keberanian atau itikad baik untuk mengaplikasikan TI dalam manajemen perkantoran ini dengan berbagai alasan. Padahal, pengaplikasian TI dalam manajemen pemerintahan khususnya manajemen perkantoran dapat menjadi motivasi bagi pegawai untuk meningkatkan produktivitas kerjanya.Kata Kunci: teknologi komputer, manajemen perkantoran, pemerintahan
WORKSHOP SIMULASI JARINGAN DASAR KOMPUTER MENGGUNAKAN CISCO PACKET TRACER
Authors: Hambali Hambali , Aulia Romy , Mardalius Mardalius
Published: February 2021

Abstract :Knowledge of computer science today is very necessary especially for students. One of them learns computer network which is a science that many people need. Associated with the existence of computer network so many jobs like send data, print paper to one printer by many computers easy to do. However, the knowledge of this is difficult to be able to by students in schools due to many obstacles such as incomplete equipment, competent tutors in their field no, that is experienced by students of SMA Negeri 1 Air Joman Kabupaten Asahan. Then need a solution that provides that knowledge. Cisco packet tracer which is a free application that can provide an overview of the computer network. With these applications it will be easy to provide knowledge of computer networks that can be provided through lectures, frequently asked questions and practice. The lecture method used is intended to provide a theoretical explanation of computer network material. Practice method is used to show directly how to make network cable and data communications. So that the benefits gained from this workshop activities is to increase students' knowledge of network technology and students are able to make a network connection with cable.Keywords :Network, Computer, CiscoAbstrak :Pengetahuan akan ilmu komputer saat ini sangat diperlukan terkhusus untuk kalangan pelajar.Salah satunya belajar jaringan komputer yang merupakan ilmu yang banyak dibutuhkan masyarakat.Berhubungan dengan adanya jaringan komputer maka banyak pekerjaan seperti kirim data, cetak kertas ke satu printer oleh banyak computer mudah dilakukan. Namun, pengetahuan akan hal ini sulit di dapat oleh pelajar di sekolah berhubung banyak kendala seperti peralatan yang tidak lengkap, tutor yang berkompeten dibidangnya tida ada, itulah yang dialami oleh siswa SMA Negeri 1 Air Joman Kabupaten Asahan. Maka perlu solusi yang memberikan pengetahuan tersebut.Cisco packet tracer yang merupakan aplikasi gratis yang dapat memberikan gambaran atas jaringan komputer. Dengan aplikasi tersebut maka akan mudah memberikan pengetahuan akan jaringan komputer yang dapat diberikan melalui ceramah, tanya jawab dan praktek. Metode ceramah yang digunakan dimaksudkan untuk memberikan penjelasan secara teori terhadap materi jaringan komputer.Metode praktek digunakan untuk menunjukan langsung cara membuat kabel jaringan dan komunikasi data. Sehinga manfaat yang diperoleh dari kegiatan workshop ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa terhadap teknologi jaringan dan siswa mampu membuat koneksi jaringan dengan kabel.Kata kunci : Jaringan, Komputer, Cisco
Influence of CSR awareness on Consumer Behavior through Trustworthiness: The New Approach
Authors: Alizadehrad Zohreh , Maglakelidze Ekaterine
Published: February 2021

The goal of this research is to measure level of customer awareness of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Georgian society and to study the influence of CSR awareness on consumer behavior through trustworthiness (one of the dimensions of corporate credibility) by revealing the correlations between customer awareness and corporate trustworthiness, customer willingness to be involved in CSR initiatives and customer purchase intentions. The descriptive research was carried out and data were collected based on the survey of 915 respondents located in Tbilisi, Georgia. The relationships between variables have been studied by using multiple regressions technique. This article provides data that lead to a new conceptual model and point the importance of elevating the level of customer CSR awareness in achieving corporate credibility goals.Beyond it, customers’ inclination to purchase products from those companies who care about their long-term interest has been revealed.
Racism in the 21st Century: Debbie Tucker Green’s Eye for Ear
Authors: Bağırlar Belgin
Published: February 2021

Does equality exist in the 21st century, or, are minorities still forced to fight for equality? In nineteenth century, Britain, racism was blatant in all spheres of cultural, social, and economic life to the point that it crossed over into literature and theatre. In 1978, UNESCO adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Forty years have since passed, but has it made any difference? Contemporary British playwright Debbie Tucker Green’s Eye for Ear (2018), staged at the Royal Court Theatre, reminds us that racism and inequality is still a key social-political issue. This three-act, avant-garde, colloquial play depicts how both African-Americans as well as Black British people still live with racism today. It also highlights racism’s linguistic and legal past. Tucker Green particularly focuses on the violent aspect of that racism through the lens of different characters: an academic, a black student, a black boy, and black parents. The play concludes with crushed hope, for it deduces that Caucasians both in the United States and in Great Britain still dominate practically every facet of society. This study will examine Green’s Ear for Eye, racial discrimination in the 21st century, and how Tucker Green projects her views upon her work through the theory of race and racism.
Adaption and Memory: The Reckless Leader and The Effects of the First Family
Authors: DeWitt Dionnie
Published: February 2021

There are harmful leaders, but too few instances of how harmful the leadership is within the church get explored and how it affects the first families. Several harmful leadership styles, such as an egotistical leader, an ignorant leader, and a reckless leader, studied in some capacity under leadership.  There is an ideology put forward, and it is believed that leaders are not just appearing in business or corporate America, but leaders are leaders and are showing forth their leadership in everyday instances as a mother who teaches their child. The leader's leadership scope was explored by filtering it through adaption and memory, with memory being a significant part of this paper. The overall platform is looking at (reckless) leadership through the lens of religion (Christianity) with a philosophical undertone using personal reflections. The results for this research, under the assumption, of using the qualitative method and using two qualitative designs, helped with data collection. The narrative approach and the phenomenological approach show the leader's evolving behavior and the first family's behavior through personal observation with testimonies to expose the effects of their memory. Scriptures are used to expose or reveal the split leadership dynamic and how memory dictates leaders' response and behavior.  Two individual stories were rendered, which more participants are needed to develop a consensus of adaption and memory in leadership and how it affects the first family. Understanding that some things are caught, and some things are taught, this study's outcome, by looking at leadership and the effects of the first family, concluding with the suggestion of furthering this research to explore a more in-depth understanding of reckless leadership in the scope of adaptation to memory.
Tuberculose no sistema prisional: avaliação do conhecimento de servidores do Sistema Penitenciário em um município da Amazônia Legal
Authors: Felipe Thaian Vieira , Pinto Ana Caroline de Macedo , Ribeiro Pedro Bruno Paixão , Martins Nádia Vicência do Nascimento
Published: February 2021

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o conhecimento dos servidores do sistema prisional em relação as formas de transmissão e prevenção da tuberculose. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com corte transversal, de campo, com abordagem quantitativa. Utilizou-se um questionário do modelo Knowledge, Attitude and Practice para a coleta de dados. Participaram da pesquisa 57 servidores do sistema prisional. Desses, 32 informaram nunca ter participado de cursos de formação que abordasse a temática tuberculose e 39 não se consideram bem informados sobre essa doença. Foram corretamente identificados alguns dos sinais e sintomas da tuberculose, enquanto se observaram equívocos quanto a forma de prevenção e transmissão. Observou-se falta de informações com relação a tuberculose. A aquisição do saber e o cotidiano são essenciais para a efetivação do servidor do sistema prisional como um agente ativo no processo saúde-doença das pessoas privadas de liberdade.
The impact of cone beam computed tomography in diagnosis and endodontic treatment planning decisions - case reports
Authors: Pereira Key Fabiano Souza , Turatto Thais Helena , Junqueira-Verardo Lia Beatriz , Limoeiro Ana Grasiela da Silva , Gaetti-Jardim Ellen Cristina
Published: February 2021

Conventional radiographic techniques have limitations, showing a two-dimensional image of a three-dimensional object, making it difficult to recognize the internal root anatomy in endo-dontic therapy. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a diagnostic method that allows the visualization of all structures three-dimensionally, showing promising results compared to periapical radiographs. The objective of this study was to report two clinical cases where CBCT was fundamental to the diagnosis and a better treatment planning of the steps that were taken during the endodontic intervention. The CBCT were performed prior to the treat-ments, the volume of the exams were dynamically analyzed in specific software. The data were interpreted and together with the radiographic image and clinical examination data, the diagnosis and treatment planning were carried out. Given the report and discussion of the two clinical cases, it can be concluded that CBCT proved to be an impacting resource to support diagnosis and decision-making in the treatment of complex endodontic cases. CBCT ensured greater reliability in the diagnosis and treatment plan adopted, increasing the predictability of the endodontic therapy.
Lesão central de células gigantes em sínfise mandibular de paciente pediátrico: relato de caso
Authors: Araújo Naiara Sumiye Floris Cardozo Morishita Santos , Custódio Gustavo Paiva , Mazzon João Pedro Paulino , Cossolin Giuliano Saraceni Issa
Published: February 2021

A lesão central de células gigantes (LCCG) é uma lesão óssea não neoplásica que acomete os ossos gnáticos em pacientes desde a primeira infância até idosos, sendo mais prevalente entre a segunda e terceira década de vida no sexo feminino. A LCCG demonstra uma variação de comportamento agressivo e não agressivo, o que pode refletir diretamente no tratamento estabelecido. Em pacientes pediátricos com dentição mista, uma lesão patológica pode ser a causa subjacente de mobilidade dentária e/ou esfoliação dos dentes decíduos podendo ser negligenciada, especialmente nos casos que não são acompanhados por uma clássica expansão óssea. O presente trabalho objetiva relatar um caso de uma criança de 11 anos, gênero masculino, que na avaliação ortodôntica relatou sensação de movimentação nos dentes mandibulares há aproximadamente dois meses, sem dor e com hipoestesia em lábio inferior. Foi realizada tomografia computadorizada e biópsia incisional para confirmação do diagnóstico e, posterior enucleação, seguida de osteotomia periférica sob anestesia geral. Concluiu-se que a patologia é pouco frequente e possui etiologia desconhecida. É nítido que, apesar de possuir comportamento biológico benigno, pode ser altamente destrutiva, possibilitando diversas formas de condutas cirúrgicas. Seu diagnóstico definitivo depende de avaliações através da análise de exames clínicos, radiográficos, histopatológicos e sorológicos, para abordagem individualizada dentro do quadro clínico apresentado, semelhante a este relato.
Calcium in the production and quality of cauliflower seeds
Authors: Nakada-Freitas Pâmela Gomes , Santos Juliana Tamires dos , Hidalgo Gabriel Ferraresi , Anjos Louyne Varini Santos dos , Souza Emanuele Possas de , Martins Isabela Ribeiro , Cardoso Antonio Ismael Inácio , Bardiviesso Estefânia Martins , Lanna Natália de Brito Lima , Catão Hugo Cesar Rodrigues Moreira , Heinrichs Reges
Published: February 2021

There are researches with calcium to produce the cauliflower inflorescence, but for seeds production no studies were found, this element is fundamental for the fixation of the floral buds and in the production and quality of seeds. The objective was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of calcium on different phenological stages of cauliflower plants in seed production and quality. Eleven treatments were evaluated, varying the number (1 to 4) of calcium (6 g L-1 of calcium chloride) applications and the phenological stages (E1 = floral stem with 30 cm length, E2 = opening of the first flowers; E3 = formation of first siliques; E4 = 50% of silique formed), resulting: T1 = control without application of Ca; T2 = E1; T3 = E1 + E2; T4 = E1 + E2 + E3; T5 = E1 + E2 + E3 + E4; T6 = E2; T7 = E2 + E3; T8 = E2 + E3 + E4; T9 = E3; T10 = E3 + E4; T11 = E4. The results showed a higher seed production per plant in treatments T10 (E3 + E4) and T11 (E4) with 42 and 48 g per plant, and a higher number of seeds per plant, with 12,379 and 12,978, respectively, compared to the control (T1): 23 g and 5,725 seeds per plant. Calcium applications in different phenological stages did not influence the physiological quality (germination and vigor) of cauliflower seeds of cultivar 'Piracicaba Precoce'. Application of these treatments in other cultivars is promising for further studies.
Demonstração temporal de mortes decorrentes de agressões físicas no Estado do Amazonas
Authors: Ferreira Rúbia Silene Alegre , Sampaio Quézia Correa de Oliveira , Oliveira Aldo Raphael Mota de Oliveira , Matos Geiza Elem Souza de , Monteiro James Barros
Published: February 2021

Faz-se a demonstração das agressões que resultam em mortes no estado do Amazonas em série histórica, compreendendo o período de 23 anos.  Nesta linha de tempo, o foco considera as mortes por faixa etária, escolaridade, estado civil e por local de ocorrência. Os dados são oriundos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade – SIM do DATASUS/MS, com início em 1996, finalizando em 2019. Os resultados sinalizam que dos sete grupos estudados, tanto para homens quanto para mulheres, três destes são os que se destacam com os maiores eventos: 15 a 19; 20 a 29 e 30 a 39 anos. À medida que a escolaridade se eleva, as mortes decorrentes de agressão são menores e o estado civil embora apresente-se com maiores casos para os solteiros, não é garantia de isenção nestas fatalidades. O local das mortes aponta que boa parte destas se dá em vias públicas e em hospitais para as mulheres, com relativa representatividade de óbitos em domicílio. Para os homens, a maioria absoluta se manifesta em hospital, com eventos muito próximos em via pública e nos domicílios, porém em escalas menores. Assim, a violência ainda é uma das mazelas mais graves que acompanham humanidade, mas que carece de ações de enfrentamento e tratativa.
Avaliação e monitoramento dos níveis de contaminação por resíduos de agrotóxicos em alimentos de origem vegetal comercializados no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Milton Cosme , Ramos Alisson Martins , Ferreira Vanessa Alves , Lucchese Geraldo , Fante Camila Argenta
Published: February 2021

Nos últimos anos, tem sido crescente a preocupação dos consumidores com a presença de resíduos de agrotóxicos em alimentos, principalmente em vegetais frescos. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever e avaliar os resultados da análise de resíduos de agrotóxicos em alimentos vegetais coletados pelo Programa de Análise de Resíduos de Agrotóxicos em Alimentos (PARA) no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O método consistiu na análise documental e descritiva dos laudos de análises dos alimentos coletados no comércio varejista, entre os anos de 2013 e 2017. Os resultados revelaram que 62,3% das amostras analisadas apresentaram resíduos de agrotóxicos, destas 22,6% apresentavam resultados insatisfatórios perante a legislação. As culturas alimentares mais reprovadas foram, respectivamente: abobrinha, pimentão, goiaba, uva, morango e pepino. Considerando todas as amostras analisadas, 21,6% foram rejeitadas por apresentarem princípio ativo não autorizado, 3% por conterem agrotóxicos acima dos limites máximos de resíduos e 2% foram reprovadas em ambos os parâmetros. Além disso, 5,8% das amostras insatisfatórias apresentaram agrotóxicos cujo uso é proibido no país. O presente estudo permitiu verificar a presença de resultados insatisfatórios para resíduos de agrotóxicos em expressiva parcela de alimentos vegetais comercializados em Minas Gerais, o que reforça a necessidade da implementação de ações mais efetivas de controle e mitigação dos riscos frente a contaminação de alimentos por agrotóxicos.
Alterações oculares relacionadas a infecção por Zika Vírus: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Souza Robson Arruda , Dantas Maria Izabel Lira , Vieira Ivan Victor Torres , França Hyanka Kelvia Santos , Carvalho Brunna Galvão Ferreira de Souza Teixeira de , Oliveira Anna Júllya Almeida da Silva , Oliveira Luana Cajado Lima de , Silveira Natália Gabriele Menezes , Cruz Maria Eduarda Targino , Dantas Junior Kennedy da Mota , Oliveira Juliana Magalhães , Alexandrino Júnior Jessé da Silva , Barbosa Gabriel de Moura Lins , Castelo Luciano Sales
Published: February 2021

Recentemente o Zika vírus (ZV) surgiu como arbovírus importante devido a sua alta prevalência. A expansão global dessa arboviroses foi precedida pela disseminação global de seus vetores. As manifestações clínicas da infeção por ZV incluem além de febre, erupções cutâneas e dor nas articulações, além de manifestações oculares, que são as manifestações conhecidas mais recentemente Objetivo: realizar um levantamento bibliográfico e descrever as principais alterações oculares em indivíduos infectados pelo Zika vírus. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa realizada nas bases dados PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, Science Direct. Resultados: Foram selecionados 16 artigos publicados entre 2015 e 2018. A catarata, glaucoma congênito, alterações atróficas do nervo óptico, perda do epitélio pigmentar da retina e presença de uma camada coroide, uveíte, hiperpigmentação e colabameno de íris são achados em indivíduos infectados com ZV. Conclusão: As alterações oculares associadas ao ZV podem acometer desde neonatos até adultos, podendo ser um fator limitante nas atividades de vida diária e na qualidade de vida. Portanto, recomenda-se que novos estudos de associação investiguem a infecção do ZK e o aparecimento de doenças oculares.
Potenciais medicinais da faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius) e seus usos na saúde humana: uma breve revisão
Authors: Novaes Thiago Emanuel Rodrigues , Novaes Ana Selia Rodrigues , Glusczak Lissandra , Vilarinho Lucianne Braga Oliveira
Published: February 2021

A Caatinga, bioma exclusivamente brasileiro, abriga grande biodiversidade e potenciais medicinais em algumas espécies vegetais benéficas para a saúde humana, como a Cnidoscolus quercifolius, planta nativa desse bioma, popularmente conhecida como favela ou faveleira, que é bastante usada na medicina popular do sertão nordestino do Brasil. Nessa perspectiva, o presente estudo objetivou discorrer acerca dos usos medicinais da faveleira (C. quercifolius) na medicina popular nordestina. Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo, do tipo revisão de literatura, desenvolvido a partir de análises em trabalhos científicos publicados no período compreendido entre 2001 e 2020, disponibilizados na base de dados Google Acadêmico, utilizando os descritores: “faveleira medicinal”, “faveleira medicina popular” “Cnidoscolus quercifolius” e “Cnidoscolus quercifolius medicina popular”. A partir dos dados coletados, observou-se que a faveleira (C. quercifolius) é usada amplamente na medicina popular nordestina nos tratamentos de processos inflamatórios, dores, infecções, cicatrizações e outros, além de possuir atividades antitumorais. Diante disso, é notório como a faveleira (C. quercifolius), possui amplas propriedades medicinais, sendo utilizada ao decorrer de várias gerações em tratamentos para a recuperação da saúde humana.
Atuação profissional no atendimento às vítimas de violências do sexo masculino: complexidade invisibilizada e ambiguidades
Authors: Said Amanda Pinheiro , Costa Liana Fortunato
Published: February 2021

O atual cenário brasileiro de pesquisas que priorizam as violências contra meninos é escasso, especialmente aquelas que estudam as polivitimizações, ou seja, a ocorrência de mais de um tipo de violência para uma mesma vítima. O cenário de polivitimização é complexo e traz como consequência para a polivítima um acúmulo dos sintomas, por isso é fundamental que seus direitos sejam garantidos por meio de um atendimento intersetorial e interdisciplinar que dê conta da amplitude do fenômeno. Este texto faz parte de uma ampla pesquisa-ação, com viés qualitativo e ainda em andamento, e tem como objetivo apresentar as percepções de profissionais pertencentes e atuantes na rede pública de atendimento às vítimas do sexo masculino em um dos estados da federação do Brasil, a respeito da (poli)vitimização de meninos e de suas próprias práticas profissionais. Foram entrevistados 21 profissionais de sete diferentes setores que fazem parte do sistema de garantia de direitos: assistência social, educação, justiça, ministério público, saúde, segurança pública e sociedade civil. Após análise temática reflexiva, discute-se dois temas, construídos a partir das reflexões e opiniões das e dos participantes: “Polivitimização: raízes profundas, porém não visíveis” e “A atuação profissional com a (poli)vitimização de meninos”. Em pesquisas futuras, sugere-se a condução de pesquisas semelhantes em outros estados da federação, para que seja ampliado o conhecimento a respeito da polivitimização e seja possível capacitar as e os profissionais que trabalham com o tema.
Anorexigenic effect of cholecystokinin is lost but that of CART (Cocaine and Amphetamine Regulated Transcript) peptide is preserved in monosodium glutamate obese mice
Authors: Železná B , Maixnerová J , Matyšková R , Haugvicová R , Blokešová D , Maletínská L
Published: February 2021

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) treatment of neonatal mice results
in a selective damage to the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and
development of obesity with increased adiposity at sustained
body weight in the adulthood. Feeding pattern of the MSG obese
mice is unusual. Our previous results showed that after 24-h
fasting, MSG mice consumed negligible amount of food in several
hours and therefore, it was impossible to register the effect of
peptides attenuating food intake such as cholecystokinin (CCK) or
cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide.
To overcome this problem, two findings were used: firstly,
orexigenic effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY) was attenuated both
by CCK or CART peptide in lean fed mice and secondly,
orexigenic effect of NPY was preserved in fed rats with MSG
obesity. In this study, short-term food intake in fed lean and MSG
obese C57BL/6 male mice was measured after simultaneous
central administration of orexigenic NPY with either CART peptide
or peripherally administered CCK. Anorexigenic action of
exogenous CART peptide was preserved in MSG obese mice. On
the other hand, satiety effect of exogenous CCK was completely
lost in MSG obese mice. In conclusion, effective leptin signaling
in ARC is necessary for satiety effect of CCK.
Urotensin II-induced increase in myocardial distensibility is modulated by angiotensin II and endothelin-1
Authors: Fontes-Sousa AP , Pires AL , Monteiro-Cardoso VF , Leite-Moreira AF
Published: February 2021

Endogenous regulators, such as angiotensin-II (AngII),
endothelin-1 (ET-1) and urotensin-II (U-II) are released from
various cell types and their plasma levels are elevated in several
cardiovascular diseases. The present study evaluated a potential
crosstalk between these systems by investigating if the
myocardial effects of U-II are modulated by AngII or ET-1.
Effects of U-II (10-8, 10-7, 10-6 M) were tested in rabbit papillary
muscles in the absence and in the presence of losartan (selective
AT1 receptor antagonist), PD-145065 (nonselective ET-1
receptors antagonist), losartan plus PD-145065, AngII or ET-1.
U-II promoted concentration-dependent negative inotropic and
lusitropic effects that were abolished in all experimental
conditions. Also, U-II increased resting muscle length up to
1.008±0.002 L/Lmax. Correcting it to its initial value resulted in a
19.5±3.5 % decrease of resting tension, indicating increased
muscle distensibility. This effect on muscle length was completely
abolished in the presence of losartan and significantly attenuated
by PD-145065 or losartan plus PD-145065. This effect was
increased in the presence of AngII, resulting in a 27.5±3.9 %
decrease of resting tension, but was unaffected by the presence
of ET-1. This study demonstrated an interaction of the U-II
system with the AngII and ET-1 systems in terms of regulation of
systolic and diastolic function.
KATP channels are involved in regulatory volume decrease in rat cardiac myocytes
Authors: Shi L , Xu M , Liu J , Zhang Z , Bao Z , Wang Y , Wang C , Wang J
Published: February 2021

Regulatory volume decrease (RVD) is essential for the survival of
animal cells. The aim of this study was to observe the RVD
process in rat ventricular myocytes, and to determine if the KATP
channels are involved in the RVD process in these cells. By using
reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot
analysis, we demonstrated that there are two types of KATP
channels expressed in rat ventricular myocytes: Kir6.1 and Kir6.2.
When rat cardiac myocytes were exposed to hypotonic solution,
cell volume increased significantly within 15 min and then
gradually recovered. This typical RVD process could be inhibited
by a Cl– channel blocker (0.5 mM 9-anthracene-carboxylic
acid，9-AC), a K+ channel blocker (5.0 mM CsCl) and a KATP
channel blocker glibenclamide (10 µM). Electrophysiological
results showed that hypotonic solution activated a whole-cell
current, which had similar biophysical characteristics with KATP
opener (pinacidil)-induced currents. This current could be blocked
by glibenclamide. Our data suggested that the RVD process in rat
ventricular myocytes is dependent on the activation of K+
channels, and that KATP channels are involved in this process.
Influence of pertussis toxin pretreatment on the development of L-NAME-induced hypertension
Authors: Zicha J , Kuneš J , Vranková S , Jendeková L , Dobešová Z , Pintérová M , Pecháňová O
Published: February 2021

High blood pressure (BP) of L-NAME hypertensive rats is
maintained not only by the absence of nitric oxide (NO)-
dependent vasodilatation but also by the enhancement of both
sympathetic and angiotensin II-dependent vasoconstriction. The
aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of inhibitory G
(Gi) proteins, which are involved in tonic sympathetic
vasoconstriction, in the pathogenesis of NO-deficient
hypertension. We therefore studied BP response to chronic
L-NAME administration (60 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks) in rats in
which the in vivo inactivation of Gi proteins was induced by
injection of pertussis toxin (PTX, 10 μg/kg i.v.). The impairment
of sympathetic vasoconstriction due to PTX-induced Gi protein
inactivation prevents the full development of NO-deficient
hypertension because BP of PTX-treated rats subjected to chronic
L-NAME administration did not reach hypertensive values.
Nevertheless, chronic NO synthase inhibition per se is capable to
increase moderately BP even in PTX-treated rats. Our data
suggest that the sympathetic vasoconstriction is essential for the
development of established NO-deficient hypertension.
De functionele waarde van het lokale enquêterecht: Een onderzoek naar waarheidsvinding met en proportioneel gebruik van het lokale enquêterecht ter versterking van de controlerende rol van de gemeenteraad
Authors:   , de Haan Ilse
Published: February 2021

Since the dualization of the municipal administration in 2002, the municipal council has access to the right of local inquiry to strengthen its supervisory role. This control instrument gives the municipal council extensive control powers, such as the possibility to hear witnesses under oath. These powers are a means for the municipal council to obtain - whether or not under duress - all factual information regarding the conduct of the council and the mayor. Thus, right of local inquiry serves as a tool with which the council and the mayor can be monitored to ensure the best interest of the population. A precondition for the local right of inquiry is that the control instrument is used proportionally. There has not been much research to determine the extent to which local right of inquiry actually strengthens the supervisory role of the municipal council. This paper, aims to address this gap hence it forms the basis of the thesis. In order to answer this question, the local right of inquiry has been examined normatively and empirically. The normative study, in which the regulations of the local right of inquiry were compared with the expectations of the control instrument, shows that the summary regulation contains many bottlenecks. The consequences of these bottlenecks have been empirically investigated by (among others) examining all local inquiries up to 2019. This revealed that municipal councils rely on obtaining information through local inquiries which do not present factual information. This hinders the process of obtaining the actual on ground information. Moreover, the control instrument is only sporadically used proportionally. Another fact that came to light was that the local right of inquiry is of value for various (political) accountability relationships. This is a gross misuse as the control instrument is not intended for this purpose. In light of the summarized aforementioned findings, it has been established that the local right of inquiry does not strengthen the supervisory role of the municipal council as expected, but legal amendments can be implemented to rectify this.
Omics-Driven Biotechnology for Industrial Applications
Authors: Amer Bashar , Baidoo Edward E. K.
Published: February 2021

Biomanufacturing is a key component of biotechnology that uses biological systems to produce bioproducts of commercial relevance, which are of great interest to the energy, material, pharmaceutical, food, and agriculture industries. Biotechnology-based approaches, such as synthetic biology and metabolic engineering are heavily reliant on “omics” driven systems biology to characterize and understand metabolic networks. Knowledge gained from systems biology experiments aid the development of synthetic biology tools and the advancement of metabolic engineering studies toward establishing robust industrial biomanufacturing platforms. In this review, we discuss recent advances in “omics” technologies, compare the pros and cons of the different “omics” technologies, and discuss the necessary requirements for carrying out multi-omics experiments. We highlight the influence of “omics” technologies on the production of biofuels and bioproducts by metabolic engineering. Finally, we discuss the application of “omics” technologies to agricultural and food biotechnology, and review the impact of “omics” on current COVID-19 research.
Transcriptomic Data Analyses Reveal That Sow Fertility-Related lincRNA NORFA Is Essential for the Normal States and Functions of Granulosa Cells
Authors: Du Xing , Li Qiqi , Yang Liu , Zeng Qiang , Wang Siqi , Li Qifa
Published: February 2021

NORFA, the first lincRNA associated with sow fertility, has been shown to control granulosa cell (GC) functions and follicular atresia. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, RNA-seq was performed and we noticed that inhibition of NORFA led to dramatic transcriptomic alterations in porcine GCs. A total of 1,272 differentially expressed transcripts were identified, including 1167 DEmRNAs and 105 DEmiRNAs. Furthermore, protein–protein interaction, gene-pathway function, and TF–miRNA–mRNA regulatory networks were established and yielded four regulatory modules with multiple hub genes, such as AR, ATG5, BAK1, CENPE, NR5A1, NFIX, WNT5B, ssc-miR-27b, and ssc-miR-126. Functional assessment showed that these hub DEGs were mainly enriched in TGF-β, PI3K-Akt, FoxO, Wnt, MAPK, and ubiquitin pathways that are essential for GC states (apoptosis and proliferation) and functions (hormone secretion). In vitro, we also found that knockdown of NORFA in porcine GCs significantly induced cell apoptosis, impaired cell viability, and suppressed 17β-estradiol (E2) synthesis. Notably, four candidate genes for sow reproductive traits (INHBA, NCOA1, TGFβ-1, and TGFBR2) were also identified as potential targets of NORFA. These findings present a panoramic view of the transcriptome in NORFA-reduced GCs, highlighting that NORFA, a candidate lincRNA for sow fertility, is crucial for the normal states and functions of GCs.
Systematic Comparison of Epidemic and Non-Epidemic Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains
Authors: Koskinen Katariina , Penttinen Reetta , Örmälä-Odegrip Anni-Maria , Giske Christian G. , Ketola Tarmo , Jalasvuori Matti
Published: February 2021

Over the past few decades, extensively drug resistant (XDR) resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae has become a notable burden to healthcare all over the world. Especially carbapenemase-producing strains are problematic due to their capability to withstand even last resort antibiotics. Some sequence types (STs) of K. pneumoniae are significantly more prevalent in hospital settings in comparison to other equally resistant strains. This provokes the question whether or not there are phenotypic characteristics that may render certain K. pneumoniae more suitable for epidemic dispersal between patients, hospitals, and different environments. In this study, we selected seven epidemic and non-epidemic carbapenem resistant K. pneumoniae isolates for extensive systematic characterization for phenotypic and genotypic qualities in order to identify potential factors that precede or emerge from epidemic successfulness. Studied characteristics include growth rates and densities in different conditions (media, temperature, pH, resource levels), tolerance to alcohol and drought, inhibition between strains, ability to compensate pH, as well as various genomic features. Overall, there are clear differences between isolates, yet, only drought tolerance was found to notably associate with non-epidemic K. pneumoniae strains. We further report a preliminary study on the potential to control K. pneumoniae ST11 with an antimicrobial component produced by a non-epidemic K. pneumoniae. This component initially restricts bacterial growth, but stable resistance develops rapidly in vitro.
Manufacturing Consent for Vaccine Mandates: A Comparative Case Study of Communication Campaigns in France and Australia
Authors: Attwell Katie , Ward Jeremy K. , Tomkinson Sian
Published: February 2021

Governments making childhood vaccination more mandatory is controversial, and can be met with pushback from the public. Hence such policies may be accompanied by some form of communication to manufacture consent for either vaccination, mandatory vaccination policies, or both. This paper engages in case studies of two countries which recently made vaccination more mandatory and accompanied this policy change with concerted communication campaigns. It examines the French and Australian governments’ new mandatory vaccination regimes, the communication strategies undertaken to manufacture consent for them, and the complex ways these policies interact. The analytical focus is the content of the websites at the center of the communications campaigns, “Vaccination-Info-Service” and “Get the Facts,” as well as relevant academic articles, government press releases, documents and reports, and key informant interviews conducted in both countries. We report three key findings. First, we demonstrate how both countries’ governance strategies intertwine persuasion with coercion in complex ways. Second, we examine how each country’s website reflects local constructions of under-vaccination, especially regarding social groups and motivations. Third, we consider their vastly different communication styles and how these reflect alternative ways of constructing the public as well as differences in the use of communication expertise in the websites’ production. These factors produce different tactics regarding manufacturing consent for vaccination and for vaccine mandates. We conclude that manufacturing consent for vaccination is a laudable exercise, but find that the involvement of numerous actors and institutions results in various interests, objectives, and conceptions of what drives audience reception, resulting in divergent strategies. This is particularly the case when it comes to manufacturing consent for vaccine mandates themselves; a more complex task that relies on strong understandings of community, knowledge, and effective channels of state power.
The Effects of Repeat-Dose Doxorubicin on Cardiovascular Functional Endpoints and Biomarkers in the Telemetry-Equipped Cynomolgus Monkey
Authors: Engwall Michael J. , Everds Nancy , Turk James R. , Vargas Hugo M.
Published: February 2021

Purpose: Doxorubicin-related heart failure has been recognized as a serious complication of cancer chemotherapy. This paper describes a cardiovascular safety pharmacology study with chronic dosing of doxorubicin in a non-human primate model designed to characterize the onset and magnitude of left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) using invasive and non-invasive methods.

Methods: Cynomolgus monkeys (N = 12) were given repeated intravenous injections of doxorubicin over 135 days (19 weeks) with dosing holidays when there was evidence of significantly decreased hematopoiesis; a separate group (N = 12) received vehicle. Arterial and left ventricular pressure telemetry and cardiac imaging by echocardiography allowed regular hemodynamic assessments and determination of LVD. Blood samples were collected for hematology, clinical chemistry, and assessment of cardiac troponin (cTnI) and N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Myocardial histopathology was a terminal endpoint.

Results: There was variable sensitivity to the onset of treatment effects, for example 25% of doxorubicin-treated animals exhibited LVD (e.g., decreases in ejection fraction) following 50–63 days (cumulative dose: 8–9 mg/kg) on study. All animals deteriorated into heart failure with additional dosing 135 days (total cumulative dose: 11–17 mg/kg). Reductions in arterial pressure and cardiac contractility, as well as QTc interval prolongation, was evident following doxorubicin-treatment. Both cTnI and NT-proBNP were inconsistently higher at the end of the study in animals with LVD. Measurements collected from control animals were consistent and stable over the same time frame. Minimal to mild, multifocal, vacuolar degeneration of cardiomyocytes was observed in 7 of 12 animals receiving doxorubicin and 0 of 12 animals receiving vehicle.

Conclusions: This repeat-dose study of doxorubicin treatment in the cynomolgus monkey demonstrated a clinically relevant pattern of progressive heart failure. Importantly, the study revealed how both telemetry and non-invasive echocardiography measurements could track the gradual onset of LVD.
The Emerging Role of Long Non-coding RNAs and Circular RNAs in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh , Gholipour Mahdi , Taheri Mohammad
Published: February 2021

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common disorder caused by atherosclerotic processes in the coronary arteries. This condition results from abnormal interactions between numerous cell types in the artery walls. The main participating factors in this process are accumulation of lipid deposits, endothelial cell dysfunction, macrophage induction, and changes in smooth muscle cells. Several lines of evidence underscore participation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the pathogenesis of CAD. Several lncRNAs such as H19, ANRIL, MIAT, lnc-DC, IFNG-AS1, and LEF1-AS1 have been shown to be up-regulated in the biological materials obtained from CAD patients. On the other hand, Gas5, Chast, HULC, DICER1-AS1, and MEG3 have been down-regulated in CAD patients. Meanwhile, a number of circRNAs have been demonstrated to influence function of endothelial cells or vascular smooth muscle cells, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of CAD. In the current review, we summarize the function of lncRNAs and circRNAs in the development and progression of CAD.
Multimodality Imaging in Transcatheter Mitral Interventions
Authors: Nikolou Evgenia , Bilkhu Rajdeep , Kafil Tahir S. , Demetrescu Camelia , Kotta Prasanti Alekhya , Lucchese Gianluca , Tzemos Nikolaos , Grapsa Julia
Published: February 2021

Multimodality imaging is of imperative value for the planning and guidance of transcatheter mitral valve interventions. This review employs the value of different imaging modalities and future implications for clinical practice.
Routine Echocardiography and Artificial Intelligence Solutions
Authors: Schuuring Mark J. , Išgum Ivana , Cosyns Bernard , Chamuleau Steven A. J. , Bouma Berto J.
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Echocardiography is widely used because of its portability, high temporal resolution, absence of radiation, and due to the low-costs. Over the past years, echocardiography has been recommended by the European Society of Cardiology in most cardiac diseases for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes. These recommendations have led to an increase in number of performed studies each requiring diligent processing and reviewing. The standard work pattern of image analysis including quantification and reporting has become highly resource intensive and time consuming. Existence of a large number of datasets with digital echocardiography images and recent advent of AI technology have created an environment in which artificial intelligence (AI) solutions can be developed successfully to automate current manual workflow.

Methods and Results: We report on published AI solutions for echocardiography analysis on methods' performance, characteristics of the used data and imaged population. Contemporary AI applications are available for automation and advent in the image acquisition, analysis, reporting and education. AI solutions have been developed for both diagnostic and predictive tasks in echocardiography. Left ventricular function assessment and quantification have been most often performed. Performance of automated image view classification, image quality enhancement, cardiac function assessment, disease classification, and cardiac event prediction was overall good but most studies lack external evaluation.

Conclusion: Contemporary AI solutions for image acquisition, analysis, reporting and education are developed for relevant tasks with promising performance. In the future major benefit of AI in echocardiography is expected from improvements in automated analysis and interpretation to reduce workload and improve clinical outcome. Some of the challenges have yet to be overcome, however, none of them are insurmountable.
Endothelin-1 Upregulates Activin Receptor-Like Kinase-1 Expression via Gi/RhoA/Sp-1/Rho Kinase Pathways in Human Pulmonary Arterial Endothelial Cells
Authors: Sugimoto Koichi , Yokokawa Tetsuro , Misaka Tomofumi , Kaneshiro Takashi , Yamada Shinya , Yoshihisa Akiomi , Nakazato Kazuhiko , Takeishi Yasuchika
Published: February 2021

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary vasoconstriction and organic stenosis. It has been demonstrated that endothelin-1 (ET-1) induces pulmonary vasoconstriction through the activation of RhoA. In addition, a gene mutation of activin receptor-like kinase (ACVRL)-1 is recognized in PAH patients. However, little is known about the association between ET-1 and ACVRL-1.

Objective: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of ET-1 on ACVRL-1 expression and delineate the involvement of the Gi/RhoA/Rho kinase pathway.

Methods: ET-1 was added to culture medium of human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs). Pre-treatment with pertussis toxin (PTX) or exoenzyme C3 transferase (C3T) was performed for inhibition of Gi or RhoA, respectively. Rho kinase was inhibited by Y27632. Mithramycin A was used for inhibition of Sp-1, which is a transcriptional factor of ACVRL-1. The active form of RhoA (GTP-RhoA) was assessed by pull-down assay.

Results: ACVRL-1 expression was increased by ET-1 in the PAECs. Pull-down assay revealed that ET-1 induced GTP-loading of RhoA, which was suppressed by pre-treatment with PTX or C3T. Further, PTX, C3T, and Y27632 suppressed the ET-1-induced ACVRL-1 expression. ET-1 increased the activity of the ACVRL-1 promoter and stabilized the ACVRL-1 mRNA. Sp-1 peaked 15 min after adding ET-1 to the PAECs. PTX and C3T prevented the increase of Sp-1 induced by ET-1. Inhibition of Sp-1 by mithramycin A suppressed ET-1-induced ACVRL-1 upregulation.

Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that ET-1 increases ACVRL-1 expression in human PAECs via the Gi/RhoA/Rho kinase pathway with the involvement of Sp-1.