bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disease recurrence during supportive therapy following peri‐implantitis treatment: A retrospective study
Authors: Monje Alberto , Nart José
Published: May 2024

Aim

Supportive therapy is key to prevent disease recurrence after peri‐implantitis treatment. The primary objective was to quantify disease recurrence during supportive peri‐implant therapy (SPIT) after peri‐implantitis treatment. A secondary objective was to assess the success/failure of cumulative interceptive supportive therapy (CIST) after peri‐implantitis treatment.

Methods

Compliers (whether regular or erratic) with SPIT after peri‐implantitis treatment during ≥12 months were retrospectively evaluated. CIST was prescribed whenever residual pockets ≥6 mm concomitant with profuse bleeding on probing (disease recurrence) were identified. Patient‐ and implant‐related factors were analyzed to explore their associations with disease recurrence and the need for CIST.

Results

Disease recurrence was considered in 28 patients (40 implants). Of these, 14 patients (23 implants) further demonstrated radiographic evidence of progressive bone loss (≥1 mm). This represented an overall disease recurrence following peri‐implantitis treatment of ~20% and ~ 10% at patient and implant levels, respectively. Smokers, patients diagnosed at baseline with periodontitis grade C, and males were significantly more prone to exhibit recurrence. Patients undergoing CIST due to instability were not likely to respond favorably (~70% continued to exhibit residual pockets).

Conclusion

Disease recurrence during SPIT following peri‐implantitis treatment on selected cases is ~20%. Patients undergoing CIST due to instability are not likely to respond favorably.
Religious Correlates of Religious Victimization in Youth: Findings from Two Nationally Representative Surveys
Authors: Jochman Joseph C. , Schwadel Philip
Published: May 2024

Religious victimization is a social stressor harmful to identity and well‐being. In this article, we examine how religious victimization is associated with key religious factors in youth using two different data sets collected 17 years apart. The results from both surveys show that youth affiliated with non‐Christian religious traditions, youth who more frequently attend services, and youth who talk more frequently with their parents about religion have a relatively high likelihood of religious victimization. Moreover, Catholic and mainline Protestant youth have relatively low likelihoods of religious victimization, but these findings did not hold across both sources of data. We suggest these patterns reflect cultural views regarding secularization as well as the cultural normativity of Christianity and associated behaviors in the United States. We conclude by encouraging school‐based, antibullying programs to include religion and religiosity in efforts to reduce and prevent youth bullying.
Satisfaction with public goods provision and citizen preferences for institutional changes: Evidence from the dictatorship‐era constitution in Chile
Authors: Acuña‐Duarte Andrés A. , León Javier A. , Salazar César A.
Published: May 2024

We argue that a deficient provision of public goods may influence citizen satisfaction with the status quo, thereby encouraging demands for institutional changes. We formalize and test this relationship using prior data related to the recent constitutional process carried out in Chile to replace its dictatorship‐era constitution. Individual‐level data from the Chile 2016/17 AmericasBarometer survey are used to estimate ordered and multinomial probit models to study the determinants of citizen preferences for constitutional change, distinguishing between amendment and replacement. The main findings reveal that preferences for reforming the Chilean constitution can be driven by greater discontent with public goods provision. These results remain robust when estimating pseudo‐panel models using cohort‐level data and examining coefficient stability. Moreover, higher levels of corruption are associated with a stronger demand for constitutional replacement, suggesting a potential rupture in the shared social contract due to poor governance and lower political equality.
Does maternity leave reform impact on the labour supply of the elderly? Evidence from a natural experiment in Vietnam
Authors: Khiem Phuong Huu , Linh Do Bao , Khanh Tran Viet , Tai Do Anh
Published: May 2024

The aging population has been rising rapidly in every country, slowing the labour force and causing lower per capita growth. Many policies incentivize working in old age as it can alleviate the challenges of the aging population. This study examines the impacts of the extended maternity leave reform in Vietnam on elderly labour market outcomes. As grandparents' childcare responsibility may be reduced by maternal childcare following the extended maternal leave, especially for elderly living with children smaller than 1 year old, the reform gives older adults or grandparents more flexibility to join the labour market. Using the difference‐in‐differences model, we find that older people in the treatment group are more likely to return to the labour market following the reform implementation. The effect is positive and most robust for the self‐employment group rather than waged employment and for males rather than females. Our study suggests that there is a need for a policy design to shift public finance into the healthcare and pension system.
Active Language Modulates Color Perception in Bilinguals
Authors: Sinkeviciute Akvile , Mayor Julien , Vulchanova Mila Dimitrova , Kartushina Natalia
Published: May 2024

Color terms divide the color spectrum differently across languages. Previous studies have reported that speakers of languages that have different words for light and dark blue (e.g., Russian siniy and goluboy) discriminate color chips sampled from these two linguistic categories faster than speakers of languages that use one basic color term for blue (e.g., English blue). This effect has been reported to be disrupted when participants engaged in a verbal interference task, suggesting that active language use can modulate the linguistic category effect. The current study provided a stringent test of this hypothesis by examining color discrimination under verbal interference in bilinguals speaking Lithuanian (two blue categories) and Norwegian (one blue category). The results revealed that the language activated during verbal interference had a significant impact on bilinguals’ color discrimination. Specifically, Lithuanian–Norwegian bilinguals exhibited a color category effect only when performing the task under verbal interference in Lithuanian but not in Norwegian. This demonstrated, within the same individuals, the momentary effect of active language processing on color perception.
The hot sex: is there evidence for climate‐driven sex allocation in mammals?
Authors: Firman Renée C.
Published: May 2024

Climate change predictions indicate that future conditions will be hotter and drier, and rainfall will be more variable. Climatic conditions can affect individual condition and shape offspring sex ratios. The implications that climate change have for mammalian sex allocation are vast but are currently poorly understood.

There are several scenarios under which climate‐driven sex allocation responses might emerge. Here, I make predictions on the direction of offspring sex ratio biases under hypothetical situations of restricted resource availability and altered social/spatial structures that may result from hotter, drier conditions.

I searched the literature for existing evidence of climate‐driven offspring sex ratio biases among individuals studied in wild populations. There was no strong, directional support for the production of sons or daughters under ‘good’ or ‘poor’ climatic conditions among the 30 studies had reported on climatic variables and offspring sex ratio.

I also searched the literature for studies that assessed maternal condition and offspring sex ratio in natural populations (i.e. there is a link between climate, resource availability and maternal condition). Of the 27 investigations, half reported a bias in favour of sons born to mothers in ‘good’ condition (56%). I discuss how this outcome could be due to a publication bias, or that it may indicate that low resource availability has the potential to lead to mothers in poor condition and the production of fewer sons.

I consider the conservation implications of climate‐driven offspring sex ratios skews being carried through to the population level. I discuss the challenge of being able to account for the multiple factors that influence offspring sex ratios in natural populations and emphasise the growing need for more research in this important area of mammalian evolutionary ecology.
Crack pattern–based machine learning prediction of residual drift capacity in damaged masonry walls
Authors: Pereira Mauricio , D'Altri Antonio Maria , de Miranda Stefano , Glisic Branko
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we present a method based on an ensemble of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the prediction of residual drift capacity in unreinforced damaged masonry walls using as only input the crack pattern. We use an accurate block‐based numerical model to generate mechanically consistent crack patterns induced by external actions (earthquake‐like loads and differential settlements). For a damaged masonry wall, we extract the crack width cumulative distribution, we derive a crack width exceedance curve (CWEC), and we evaluate the drift loss (DL) with respect to the undamaged wall. Numerous pairs of CWEC and DL are thus generated and used for training (and validating) an ensemble of CNNs generated via repeated ‐folding cross validation with shuffling. As a result, a method for damage prognosis (Level IV of SHM) is provided. Such method appears general, inexpensive, and able to adequately predict the DL using as only input the CWEC, providing real‐time support for decision making in damaged masonry structures.
A causal discovery approach to study key mixed traffic‐related factors and age of highway affecting raveling
Authors: Wang Zili , Krishnakumari Panchamy , Anupam Kumar , van Lint Hans , Erkens Sandra
Published: May 2024

The relationship between real‐world traffic and pavement raveling is unclear and subject to ongoing debates. This research proposes a novel approach that extends beyond traditional correlation analyses to explore causal mechanisms between mixed traffic and raveling. This approach incorporates the causal discovery method, and is applied to five Dutch porous asphalt (PA) highway sites that have substantial data sets. Findings indicate a nonlinear relationship between traffic volume and raveling, with road age emerging as a shared contributor. The results also suggest that the degree to which different vehicle types contribute as a causal factor for raveling varies with carriageway configurations and lane characteristics. This underlines the need for targeted maintenance strategies. Challenges remain due to confounding correlations among traffic variables, necessitating further development of causal discovery models. This study may not conclusively resolve the debate on to what extent traffic contributes to raveling, but we argue we provide sufficient evidence against rejecting this hypothesis.
Weight management using meal replacements and cardiometabolic risk reduction in individuals with pre‐diabetes and features of metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Noronha Jarvis C. , Nishi Stephanie K. , Khan Tauseef A. , Blanco Mejia Sonia , Kendall Cyril W. C. , Kahleová Hana , Rahelić Dario , Salas‐Salvadó Jordi , Leiter Lawrence A. , Lean Michael E. J. , Sievenpiper John L.
Published: May 2024

This review synthesized the evidence from randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of meal replacements (MRs) as part of a weight loss intervention with conventional food‐based weight loss diets on cardiometabolic risk in individuals with pre‐diabetes and features of metabolic syndrome. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched through January 16, 2024. Data were pooled using the generic inverse variance method and expressed as mean difference [95% confidence intervals]. The overall certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADE. Ten trials (n = 1254) met the eligibility criteria. MRs led to greater reductions in body weight (−1.38 kg [−1.81, −0.95]), body mass index (BMI, −0.56 kg/m2 [−0.78, −0.34]), waist circumference (−1.17 cm [−1.93, −0.41]), HbA1c (−0.11% [−0.22, 0.00]), LDL‐c (−0.18 mmol/L [−0.28, −0.08]), non‐HDL‐c (−0.17 mmol/L [−0.33, −0.01]), and systolic blood pressure (−2.22 mmHg [−4.20, −0.23]). The overall certainty of the evidence was low to moderate owing to imprecision and/or inconsistency. The available evidence suggests that incorporating MRs into a weight loss intervention leads to small important reductions in body weight, BMI, LDL‐c, non‐HDL‐c, and systolic blood pressure, and trivial reductions in waist circumference and HbA1c, beyond that seen with conventional food‐based weight loss diets.
Targeted therapies in ameloblastomas and amelobastic carcinoma—A systematic review
Authors: Bologna‐Molina Ronell , Schuch Lauren , Magliocca Kelly , van Heerden Willie , Robinson Liam , Bilodeau Elizabeth Ann , Hussaini Haizal Mohd , Soluk‐Tekkesin Merva , Adisa Akinyele Olumuyiwa , Tilakaratne Wanninayake Mudiyanselage , Li Jiang , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , Hunter Keith David
Published: May 2024

Targeted therapy has the potential to be used in the neoadjuvant setting for odontogenic tumors, reducing the morbidities associated with major surgery. In this regard, the aim of this study was to summarize the current evidence on the different forms of targeted therapy, effectiveness, and drawbacks of this course of treatment. Four databases were searched electronically without regard to publication date or language. Grey literature searches and manual searches were also undertaken. Publications with sufficient clinical data on targeted therapy for odontogenic tumors were required to meet the criteria for eligibility. The analysis of the data was descriptive. A total of 15 papers comprising 17 cases (15 ameloblastomas and 2 ameloblastic carcinomas) were included. Numerous mutations were found, with BRAF V600E being most common. Dabrafenib was the most utilized drug in targeted therapy. Except for one case, the treatment reduced the size of the lesion (16/17 cases), showing promise. Most of the adverse events recorded were mild, such as skin issues, voice changes, abnormal hair texture, dry eyes, and systemic symptoms (e.g., fatigue, joint pain, and nausea). It is possible to reach the conclusion that targeted therapy for ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma may be a useful treatment strategy, based on the findings of the included studies.
FADD amplification is associated with CD8+ T‐cell exclusion and malignant progression in HNSCC
Authors: Zheng Yang , Sheng Surui , Ma Yanni , Chen Yinan , Liu Ruixin , Zhang Wuchang , Zhang Li , Liu Zhonglong , He Yue , Zeng Hanlin , Zhang Zhiyuan
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study aimed to clarify the relationship between FADD amplification and overexpression and the tumor immune microenvironment.

Methods

Immunohistochemical staining and bioanalysis were used to analyze the association between FADD expression in tumor cells and cells in tumor microenvironment. RNA‐seq analysis was used to detect the differences in gene expression upon FADD overexpression. Flow cytometry and multicolor immunofluorescence staining (mIHC) were used to detect the differences in CD8+ T‐cell infiltration in FADD‐overexpressed cells or tumor tissues.

Results

Overexpression of FADD significantly promoted tumor growth. Cells with high FADD expression presented high expression of CD276 and FGFBP1 and low expression of proinflammatory factors (such as IFIT1‐3 and CXCL8), which reduced the percentage of CD8+ T cells and created a “cold tumor” immune microenvironment, thus promoting tumor progression. In vivo and in vitro experiment confirmed that tumor tissues with excessive FADD expression exhibited CD8+ T‐cell exclusion in the microenvironment.

Conclusion

Our preliminary investigation has discovered the association between FADD expression and the immunosuppressive microenvironment in HNSCC. Due to the high frequent amplification of the chromosomal region 11q13.3, where FADD is located, targeting FADD holds promise for improving the immune‐inactive state of tumors, subsequently inhibiting HNSCC tumor progression.
Chronic ACLD Knees with Early Developmental Cartilage Lesions Exhibited Increased Posterior Tibial Translation during Level Walking
Authors: Zeng Xiaolong , Lin Fangzheng , Huang Wenhan , Kong Lingchuang , Zeng Jiajun , Guo Da , Zhang Yu , Lin Dingkun
Published: May 2024

Objective

Early articular cartilage lesion (CL) is a vital sign in the onset of posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis (PTOA) in patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency (ACLD). Researchers have suggested that altered kinematics could accelerate CLs and, therefore, lead to the onset of PTOA. However, little is known about whether specific knee kinematics exist that lead to early CL in chronic ACLD knees. Level walking is the most frequent and relevant in vivo activity, which greatly impacts knee health. We hypothesized that the knee kinematics during level walking in chronic ACLD knees with early tibiofemoral CL would significantly differ from those of chronic ACLD knees without early tibiofemoral CL.

Methods

Thirty patients with a chronic ACLD history, including 18 subjects with CLs and 12 subjects without CLs, and 35 healthy control subjects were recruited for the study from July 2020 to August 2022. The knee kinematic data during level walking were collected using a three‐dimensional motion analysis system. The kinematic differences between groups were compared using statistical parametric mapping with one dimension for One‐Way ANOVA. The cartilage statuses of the ACLD knees were assessed via MRI examination. The CLs distribution of subjects was evaluated using a modified Noyes scale and analyzed by chi‐square tests.

Results

ACLD knees with CLs had significantly greater posterior tibial translation (7.7–8.0mm, 12%–18% gait cycle GC, p = 0.014) compared to ACLD knees without CLs during level walking. ACLD knees with CLs had greater posterior tibial translation (4.6–5.5mm, 0%–23% GC, p < 0.001; 5.8–8.0mm, 86%–100% GC, p < 0.001) than healthy controls during level walking. In the group of ACLD knees with CLs, CL is mainly located in the back of the tibia plateau and front of load bearing area of the medial femoral condyle (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Chronic anterior cruciate ligament deficient knees with cartilage lesions have increased posterior tibial translation compared to anterior cruciate ligament deficient knees without cartilage lesions and healthy subjects. The posterior tibial translation may play an important role in knee cartilage degeneration in ACLD knees. The increased posterior tibial translation and cartilage lesion characteristics may improve our understanding of the role of knee kinematics in cartilage degeneration and could be a helpful potential reference for anterior cruciate ligament deficient therapy, such as physical training to improve abnormal kinematic behavior.
Initial quantitative assessment of the enigmatic clade Paracrinoidea (Echinodermata)
Authors: Limbeck Maggie R. , Bauer Jennifer E. , Deline Bradley , Sumrall Colin D.
Published: May 2024

Great strides have been made in understanding the phylogeny of the five extant echinoderm classes, however, many Palaeozoic groups have yet to be examined in a rigorous, quantitative framework. The aberrant morphologies of Paracrinoidea, an unusual group of Palaeozoic echinoderms, have hindered their inclusion in large‐scale phylogenetic and morphologic studies. This study uses a combined approach of phylogenetic analysis and morphological disparity to elucidate species relationships within the clade. Findings from this study suggest that Paracrinoidea is a monophyletic group and that respiratory structures, oral plate arrangement, and ambulacral morphologies are important for defining subclades within Paracrinoidea. Examination of paracrinoids in a quantitative framework, facilitates their inclusion in larger projects examining Palaeozoic echinoderm evolution, ecology and biogeography.
Astaxanthin attenuates UV‐irradiation aging process via activating JNK‐1/DAF‐16 in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Lin Xiuping , Shao Chang‐sheng , Elsherbiny Shereen M. , Huang Qing
Published: May 2024

Astaxanthin (AST) is a xanthophyll carotenoid with strong oxidation resistance, which can effectively scavenge various free radicals and protect organisms from oxidative damage. AST is also known to have prominent anti‐aging effects, but the underlying mechanism of AST in anti‐radiation aging is largely unknown. In this work, we applied ultraviolet (UV) irradiation to accelerate the aging of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and treated the nematodes with AST to explore whether and how AST could attenuate the radiation‐induced aging effect. Our results showed that AST improved the survival rate of C. elegans, reduced the aging biomarkers, and alleviated the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by the irradiation. Based on the transcriptome sequencing analysis, we identified that the key genes regulated by AST were involved in JNK‐MAPK and DAF‐16 longevity signaling pathways. Furthermore, we employed jnk‐1 and daf‐16 mutants and verified the role of the JNK‐1/DAF‐16 signaling pathway in the anti‐aging effect. As such, this study has not only demonstrated that AST can resist the aging process caused by UV‐irradiation but also revealed the anti‐aging mechanism of AST through JNK‐1/DAF‐16 activation in C. elegans.
Why prevent human extinction?
Authors: Fanciullo James
Published: May 2024

Many of us think human extinction would be a very bad thing, and that we have moral reasons to prevent it. But there is disagreement over what would make extinction so bad, and thus over what grounds these moral reasons. Recently, several theorists have argued that our reasons to prevent extinction stem not just from the value of the welfare of future lives, but also from certain additional values relating to the existence of humanity itself (for example, humanity's “final” value, or the value of humanity in itself). In this paper, I argue against these “additional value” views. Despite their initial appeal, these views will inevitably face conflicts between the additional values to which they appeal, and the value of the welfare of future lives. And, I argue, the views cannot plausibly resolve these conflicts. In contrast, these conflicts do not arise for a rival view, on which our reasons to prevent extinction stem just from the value of the welfare of future lives. I conclude that this gives us reason to prefer the latter view, despite the greater initial plausibility of additional value views.
The neural correlates of reinforcement sensitivity theory: A systematic review of the frontal asymmetry and spectral power literature
Authors: Firth Jennifer , Standen Bradley , Sumich Alexander , Fino Emanuele , Heym Nadja
Published: May 2024

The original Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (oRST) proposes two systems of approach (BAS) and avoidance (BIS) motivation to underpin personality and behavior. The revised‐RST (rRST) model separates avoidance motivation into passive (BIS; anxiety) and active (FFFS; fear) systems. Prior research has attempted to map RST onto lateralized frontal asymmetry to provide a neurophysiological marker of RST. The main aim is to examine the relationships of the o/rRST scales with trait (baseline) and state (manipulated through experimental paradigms) frontal asymmetry. A systematic review was conducted, resulting in 158 studies designated to neuroimaging research. In total, 54 studies were included in this review using either frontal asymmetry or spectral power. The results were split into three main categories: resting frontal alpha asymmetry (N = 23), emotional induction and state‐related frontal alpha asymmetry (N = 20), and spectral analysis (N = 16). Findings indicated that BAS was associated with enhanced left frontal asymmetry at baseline and during state‐related paradigms. Findings for BIS were more inconsistent, especially at rest, suggesting that BIS, in particular, may require active engagement with the environment. Only 9 of the 54 papers included used the revised RST model, highlighting the need for more rRST research.
Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, 1813 seedlings as a potential integrative tool for restoring damaged meadows
Authors: Mancini Gianluca , Ventura Daniele , Casoli Edoardo , Michelangeli Fabrizio , Panarello Giuseppe , Belluscio Andrea , Ardizzone Giandomenico
Published: May 2024

Seagrasses provide key ecological services in coastal marine and estuarine environments. Human activities and environmental changes affect seagrasses compromising their structure and functioning. In this context, seagrass restoration has become a worldwide priority to halt and reverse degradation and to recover ecosystem functionality and associated services. Here, we investigate the sexual reproduction of Posidonia oceanica by describing the flowering and fruiting process. Furthermore, we compare the structural (survival and shoot density) and functional (daily leaf production, DLP) descriptors of seedlings with those derived from a P. oceanica transplantation performed through cuttings to assess their feasibility as an integrative source of vegetal material for restoration purposes. Despite many initial flowers and fruits, a small number of mature fruits are produced, confirming the low reproductive success of the phanerogam. A comparison of structural and functional features showed that seedlings and cuttings showed similar survival and shoot density rates after more than 2 years. In addition, DLP showed that seedlings increased in leaf length over the study period, reaching a similar value registered by cuttings. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of using seedlings in restoration efforts. It also emphasizes the importance of exploring P. oceanica reproductive ecology to better understand temporal and spatial variations in flowering, as well as fruiting success, at local and basin scales.
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH): Detection on dental radiologic examinations in two older adults and overview of the literature
Authors: Brooks John K. , Parsa Azin , Craig Jessica S. , Bell Shereese , Song Julia , Varlotta Sharon L. , Price Jeffery B.
Published: May 2024

Background

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a potentially serious osteopathic disorder associated with coalescing ossifications of the anterior vertebrae and may be concomitant with a constellation of symptomatology and systemic comorbidities. There is limited dental literature describing this finding on panoramic radiographs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.

Case presentations

Two case reports of DISH are provided. One patient manifested extensive ossifications along the cervical vertebrae and consequent episodes of dysphagia and hoarseness. The other affected patient's cervical ossification was found at an earlier stage of formation and without symptomatology. Panoramic radiography, cervical spine radiography, and CBCT examinations have been provided.

Conclusion

Attending dental healthcare practitioners should carefully evaluate all areas of interest and surrounding fields of view when taking panoramic radiographs and CBCT scans for manifestations of DISH and other potential disorders of the cervical vertebrae. A suspected radiologic finding of DISH should prompt timely referral for comprehensive medical assessment to mitigate neurologic deficits and other comorbidities.
Oral health status of prisoners in India: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mehta Vini , Tripathy Snehasish , Shamim Muhammad Aaqib , Sarode Gargi S. , Rizwan S. A. , Mathur Ankita , Sarode Sachin C.
Published: May 2024

Aims

Given the high prevalence of oral health problems among prisoners, the goal of this systematic review is to provide a better knowledge of the scope of this problem.

Methods

Electronic searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar were performed. Studies that investigated inmates aged 18 or older with oral health problems were eligible. Variables reported in four or less studies were described narratively. Conversely, for variables reported in more than four studies, a meta‐analysis was performed using random effect model. Furthermore, meta‐regression and sensitivity analysis is also performed to evaluate moderator effect on outcome. Doi and LFT index is applied to assess publication bias.

Results

Out of 494 results, 12 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of caries among prisoners is 78.42% (59.48%–92.58%). On meta‐regression, the prevalence of caries appears to be lower in studies with a higher male percentage; however, non‐significant (p = .079) due to small sample size. Community periodontal index (CPI) scores revealed periodontal disease, with scores of 3 and 4. Moreover, a significant need for oral hygiene instruction, prosthesis, extraction, and tooth ache, periodontal disease, oral mucosal lesions, leucoplakia, attrition, abrasion, bruxism, and smoking behaviors were also reported.

Conclusion

Poor oral health status in the incarcerated population highlights the urgent need for comprehensive oral health intervention in prisons.
Data‐bility: Endogamous social intimacies on dating apps in Mumbai
Authors: Dattani Kavita
Published: May 2024

In this paper I argue through the double entendre of ‘data‐bility’ that how dateable one is on a dating app relies on data. This techno‐social framework enables an understanding of how dating apps are reconfiguring a politics of sexuality, circumscribed by digital technologies and data. Drawing on research with middle‐class women and gender‐minority dating app users in Mumbai and one dating app executive, the paper investigates how algorithms and users' digital behaviour together constitute data‐bility in three ways. First, dating app algorithms are designed to match those of similar social identities to one another. Second, dating app users engage with others' digital data on profiles and through message chats, reading class through these processes, deciding who to match/reject and correspondingly who is data‐ble. Third, users and algorithmic infrastructures come together to create new regimes of verification, through deeming some users ‘real’ and others ‘fake’ on dating apps, extending violent legacies of categorisation. Together, these processes result in data‐bility, a techno‐social order of digital dating oriented around the exclusion of those labelled ‘creeps’ along class and caste lines.
Cloning of cDNA-gene of Arabidopsis thaliana ribosomal protein S6, its expression in Escherichia coli and purification of AtRPS6B1 recombinant protein
Authors: Nadirova L.T. , Beisenov D.K. , Stanbekova G.E. , Zhigailov A.V. , Ryabova L.A. , Iskakov B.K.
Published: May 2024

Ribosomal protein S6 is a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit and plays an important role in protein biosynthesis. Its main function is related to the regulation of mechanisms that control cell growth and division. The RPS6 can be phosphorylated on defined serine and threonine residues by kinases such as S6K1 and S6K2, which in turn are activated by signaling pathways associated with the activation of the mTORC1 molecular complex. The phosphorylation process of protein RPS6 plays a key role in the regulation of cell growth and protein synthesis. Activated RPS6 protein influences translation initiation, which means start the process of protein synthesis on the ribosome. Thus, RPS6 is associated with the regulation of cell size and their ability to divide. In addition, the RPS6 protein can be associated with other proteins and participate in various molecular interactions, which may vary depending on the context of cellular activity. In this study, cloning and site-directed cDNA mutagenesis of the second isoform of the AtRPS6 protein (AtRPS6B) was performed. Further, the obtained phosphomimetic and nonphosphorylated forms of this protein were expressed in E.coli ArcticExpress (DE3) cells, the proteins were purified by metal chelate chromatography (IMAC) and the presence and purity of the obtained proteins was confirmed by immunoblotting
Tripartite motif 2b (
trim2b
) restricts spring viremia of carp virus by degrading viral proteins and negative regulators NLRP12-like receptors
Authors: Fang Hong , Wu Xiao Man , Zheng Si Yao , Chang Ming Xian
Published: May 2024

Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are involved in different cellular functions, including regulating virus infection. In teleosts, two orthologous genes of mammalian TRIM2 are identified. However, the functions and molecular mechanisms of piscine TRIM2 remain unclear. Here, we show that
trim2b
-knockout zebrafish are more susceptible to spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection than wild-type zebrafish. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrates that NOD-like receptor (NLR), but not RIG-I-like receptor (RLR), signaling pathway is significantly enriched in the
trim2b
-knockout zebrafish.
In vitro
, overexpression of Trim2b fails to degrade RLRs and those key proteins involved in the RLR signaling pathway but does for negative regulators NLRP12-like proteins. Zebrafish Trim2b degrades NLRP12-like proteins through its NHL_TRIM2_like and IG_FLMN domains in a ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway. SVCV-N and SVCV-G proteins are also degraded by NHL_TRIM2_like domains, and the degradation pathway is an autophagy lysosomal pathway. Moreover, zebrafish Trim2b can interfere with the binding between NLRP12-like protein and SVCV viral RNA and can completely block the negative regulation of NLRP12-like protein on SVCV infection. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the mechanism of action of zebrafish
trim2b
against SVCV infection is through targeting the degradation of host-negative regulators NLRP12-like receptors and viral SVCV-N/SVCV-G genes.

IMPORTANCE

Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is a lethal freshwater pathogen that causes high mortality in cyprinid fish. In the present study, we identified zebrafish
trim2b
, NLRP12-L1, and NLRP12-L2 as potential pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) for sensing and binding viral RNA. Zebrafish
trim2b
functions as a positive regulator; however, NLRP12-L1 and NLRP12-L2 function as negative regulators during SVCV infection. Furthermore, we find that zebrafish
trim2b
decreases host lethality in two manners. First, zebrafish Trim2b promotes protein degradations of negative regulators NLRP12-L1 and NLRP12-L2 by enhancing K48-linked ubiquitination and decreasing K63-linked ubiquitination. Second, zebrafish
trim2b
targets viral RNAs for degradation. Therefore, this study reveals a special antiviral mechanism in lower vertebrates.
Complete genome sequence of
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei
A02
Authors: Li Jiahao , Wu Xiuyun , Xing Sheng , Ding Bo
Published: May 2024

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei,
a facultative anaerobic gram-positive bacterium, is commonly found in the gut of humans and animals, as well as in dairy products and plant ferments. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
L. paracasei
A02, whose total genome length is 3,038,472 bp, with a GC content of 46.41%.
Complete genome sequence of
Cellulomonas
sp. strain ATA003
Authors: Bartholomäus Alexander , Mitzscherling Julia , Lipus Daniel , Wagner Dirk , Lavin Paris , Contreras Roberto , Oses Rómulo
Published: May 2024

The Gram-positive, rod-shaped endophytic bacterium
Cellulomonas
sp. strain ATA003 was isolated from the endemic cactus
Maihueniopsis domeykoensis
seeds collected in the Coastal Atacama Desert, Chile. Here, we present a circular genome with a size of 4,084,881 bp and a GC content of 73.8% obtained by Nanopore sequencing.
Profiling the interplay and coevolution of
Microcystis aeruginosa
and cyanosiphophage Mic1
Authors: Wang Xiao-Qian , Du Kang , Chen Chaoyi , Hou Pu , Li Wei-Fang , Chen Yuxing , Li Qiong , Zhou Cong-Zhao
Published: May 2024

The cyanosiphophage Mic1 specifically infects the bloom-forming
Microcystis aeruginosa
FACHB 1339 from Lake Chaohu, China. Previous genomic analysis showed that its 92,627 bp double-stranded DNA genome consists of 98 putative open reading frames, 63% of which are of unknown function. Here, we investigated the transcriptome dynamics of Mic1 and its host using RNA sequencing. In the early, middle, and late phases of the 10 h lytic cycle, the Mic1 genes are sequentially expressed and could be further temporally grouped into two distinct clusters in each phase. Notably, six early genes, including
gp49
that encodes a TnpB-like transposase, immediately reach the highest transcriptional level in half an hour, representing a pioneer cluster that rapidly regulates and redirects host metabolism toward the phage. An in-depth analysis of the host transcriptomic profile in response to Mic1 infection revealed significant upregulation of a polyketide synthase pathway and a type III-B CRISPR system, accompanied by moderate downregulation of the photosynthesis and key metabolism pathways. The constant increase of phage transcripts and relatively low replacement rate over the host transcripts indicated that Mic1 utilizes a unique strategy to gradually take over a small portion of host metabolism pathways after infection. In addition, genomic analysis of a less-infective Mic1 and a Mic1-resistant host strain further confirmed their dynamic interplay and coevolution via the frequent horizontal gene transfer. These findings provide insights into the mutual benefit and symbiosis of the highly polymorphic cyanobacteria
M. aeruginosa
and cyanophages.

IMPORTANCE

The highly polymorphic
Microcystis aeruginosa
is one of the predominant bloom-forming cyanobacteria in eutrophic freshwater bodies and is infected by diverse and abundant cyanophages. The presence of a large number of defense systems in
M. aeruginosa
genome suggests a dynamic interplay and coevolution with the cyanophages. In this study, we investigated the temporal gene expression pattern of Mic1 after infection and the corresponding transcriptional responses of its host. Moreover, the identification of a less-infective Mic1 and a Mic1-resistant host strain provided the evolved genes in the phage-host coevolution during the multiple-generation cultivation in the laboratory. Our findings enrich the knowledge on the interplay and coevolution of
M. aeruginosa
and its cyanophages and lay the foundation for the future application of cyanophage as a potential eco-friendly and bio-safe agent in controlling the succession of harmful cyanobacterial blooms.
Long-eccentricity pacing of alluvial stratigraphic architecture in the Eocene Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA
Authors: Wang Youwei , Baars Timothy F. , Storms Joep E.A. , Martinius Allard W. , Gingerich Philip D. , Abels Hemmo A.
Published: May 2024

Alluvial stratigraphy builds up over geologic time under the complex interplay of external climatic and tectonic forces and internal stochastic processes. This complexity makes it challenging to attribute alluvial stratigraphic changes to specific factors. Geological records indicate pronounced and persistent climatic changes during the Phanerozoic, while the effects of these changes on alluvial stratigraphy remain insufficiently documented. We provide evidence for 405 k.y. long-eccentricity climate forcing of alluvial stratigraphy in the lower Eocene Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming (USA). Two ~90-m-thick intervals, characterized by a relative paucity of sand, dominance of sinuous-river channels, and floodplain sediments with better-developed paleosols, coincide with eccentricity maxima as determined through integrated stratigraphic methods. These intervals are interspersed with three contrasting intervals, marked by relatively high sand content, prevalent braided-river channels, and less-developed paleosols, corresponding to eccentricity minima. A comprehensive genetic model that integrates climate, source-to-sink system, and alluvial dynamics to explain these findings remains to be elucidated. Given the consistent presence of the 405 k.y. eccentricity cycle throughout Earth’s history, it is plausible to infer that its influence may be discernible across a wide array of alluvial stratigraphic records.
Along-Strike Morphologic Variations of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge at 13°–17° N and Their Tectonic Implications
Authors: Li Panfeng , Qin Xuwen , Zhang Yong , Shang Luning , Shi Xianyao , Hu Gang , Lu Kai , Hou Fanghui , Lv Wenchao , Liu Jia , Li Xia , Du Runlin , Cong Jingyi , Yang Yuan
Published: May 2024

The paper provides a detailed description of the topographical distribution characteristics, along-strike morphologic variations, and tectonic implications of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR) in the 13°–17° N regions. The description is based on multibeam bathymetric data that was recently collected in the mid-southern segment of KPR and its surrounding areas. The findings indicate that the KPR in the studied region comprises several discontinuous seamounts and seamount chains. Along the ridge running from east to west, there is significant variation in the topography of the seafloor. Visible on this ridge are numerous deep-sea depressions and apparent topographical discontinuities. Geological tectonic processes such as plate subduction and seafloor spreading largely determine the topography of the seafloor. During the beginning of the Parece Vela Basin (PVB) spreading, the pre-existing volcanic arcs fractured under east-west extensional stress, resulting in the development of prominent seamounts, sharp ridges, relief alternations, and rift basins in the KPR. The east-west stress was subsequently transmitted to the weak and inactive mid-ocean ridge in the West Philippine Basin (WPB), which was reactivated and resulted in an episode of magma-poor spreading during 30–26 Ma. This episode caused the KPR to move eastward, stretched, and destroyed its pre-existing structure.
Robot-assisted oesophagectomy (Ivor-Lewis) for a complex stenosis previously managed by open gastrostomy tube placement
Authors: Kneist Werner
Published: May 2024

A man in his late 50s presented with severe dysphagia caused by a complex refractory benign stenosis that was completely obstructing the middle oesophagus. The patient was unsatisfied with the gastrostomy tube placed via laparotomy as a long-term solution. Therefore, we performed robot-assisted minimally invasive oesophagectomy (video). Mobilisation of the stomach and gastric conduit preparation were more difficult due to the previously inserted gastrostomy tube; thus, the conduit blood supply was assessed using indocyanine green ﬂuorescence. After an uncomplicated course, the patient was referred directly to inpatient rehabilitation on the 16th postoperative day. At 9 months after surgery, the motivated patient returned to full-time work and achieved level 7 on the functional oral intake scale (total oral diet, with no restrictions). At the 1-year follow-up, he positively confirmed all nine key elements of a good quality of life after oesophagectomy.
A case of naltrexone-induced acute eosinophilic pneumonia
Authors: Abdelghany Youmna , Glick Danielle Renee , Cutler Todd
Published: May 2024

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is a rare cause of acute respiratory failure. Clinical presentations can range from dyspnoea, fever and cough, to rapidly progressive and potentially fulminant respiratory failure. While its exact cause is often unknown, associations with inhalational injuries and exposures to new medications have been described.

We report a case of a middle-aged, non-smoking man with a history of alcohol use disorder. He presented with 4 days of shortness of breath that started hours after taking injectable naltrexone (Vivitrol). The patient had rapidly worsening hypoxaemia, necessitating emergent bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage which showed 66% eosinophils. The patient was intubated for the procedure and unable to get extubated due to worsening hypoxaemic respiratory failure with high fractional inspired oxygen requirements. Chest radiograph showed worsening lung infiltrates and with a high index of suspicion for AEP, he was started empirically on methylprednisolone. He had rapid improvement in his respiratory status and was extubated on day 5 of admission then discharged on day 8. Histopathological examination confirmed acute/subacute eosinophilic pneumonia. A 3-week post-discharge follow-up chest radiograph confirmed the full resolution of pulmonary infiltrates.

Naltrexone-induced AEP is rare, with only six other cases reported in the literature. Careful history taking and prompt evaluation for AEP are important given the potential for rapid progression to acute hypoxic respiratory failure and the excellent response to steroid treatment.
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: a revised concept of retinal injury and response
Authors: Assi Alexandre , Charteris David
Published: May 2024

Previous concepts for the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) have focused on the central role of retinal pigment epithelium cells only, potentially contributing to the lack of clinical advances. More recent studies have demonstrated the essential role of retinal glial cells in the PVR healing response but failed to identify a consistent triggering mechanism.

We propose a revised concept for the pathogenesis of PVR based on retinal injury and response. A posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is invariably present in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and PVR. There is evidence to suggest that the shearing forces of acute PVD can cause mechanical injury to the inner retina and trigger a subsequent intraretinal glial healing response. That response is characterised by subclinical glial cell activation and proliferation that may then be amplified into full-blown PVR by coexisting pathology such as retinal breaks and detachment.

Whether a PVD causes interface pathology depends on the plane of separation of the posterior vitreous and areas of increased vitreoretinal adhesions. If the vitreous separates in a plane or location that damages the inner retina then glial cell activation and proliferation are likely to develop. The severity of the subclinical inner retinal damage may then represent one of the missing links in our understanding of the pathogenesis of PVR and would explain many of the findings we encounter in clinical practice. Controlling the process of acute PVD and subsequent intraretinal response may be essential in the prevention and management of PVR.