bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel ERCC6 variant in a Vietnamese patient with Cockayne syndrome
Authors: Duong Nguyen Thuy , Anh Nguyen Phuong , Bac Nguyen Duy , Quang Le Bach , Miyake Noriko , Van Hai Nong , Matsumoto Naomichi
Published: June 2022

We describe a case of Cockayne syndrome without photosensitivity in a Vietnamese family. This lack of photosensitivity prevented the establishment of a confirmed medical clinical diagnosis for 16 years. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) identified a novel missense variant combined with a known nonsense variant in the ERCC6 gene, NM_000124.4: c.[2839C>T;2936A>G], p.[R947*;K979R]. This case emphasizes the importance of WES in investigating the etiology of a disease when patients do not present the complete clinical phenotypes of Cockayne syndrome.
Gigahertz free-space electro-optic modulators based on Mie resonances
Authors: Benea-Chelmus Ileana-Cristina , Mason Sydney , Meretska Maryna L. , Elder Delwin L. , Kazakov Dmitry , Shams-Ansari Amirhassan , Dalton Larry R. , Capasso Federico
Published: June 2022

Electro-optic modulators are essential for sensing, metrology and telecommunications. Most target fiber applications. Instead, metasurface-based architectures that modulate free-space light at gigahertz (GHz) speeds can boost flat optics technology by microwave electronics for active optics, diffractive computing or optoelectronic control. Current realizations are bulky or have low modulation efficiencies. Here, we demonstrate a hybrid silicon-organic metasurface platform that leverages Mie resonances for efficient electro-optic modulation at GHz speeds. We exploit quasi bound states in the continuum (BIC) that provide narrow linewidth (Q = 550 at $${\lambda }_{{{{{{{{\rm{res}}}}}}}}}=1594$$

λ

res

=
1594
 nm), light confinement to the non-linear material, tunability by design and voltage and GHz-speed electrodes. Key to the achieved modulation of $$\frac{{{\Delta }}T}{{T}_{\max }}=67 \%$$

Δ
T

T

max

=
67
%
are molecules with r33 = 100 pm/V and optical field optimization for low-loss. We demonstrate DC tuning of the resonant frequency of quasi-BIC by $${{\Delta }}{\lambda }_{{{{{{{{\rm{res}}}}}}}}}=$$
Δ

λ

res

=
 11 nm, surpassing its linewidth, and modulation up to 5 GHz (fEO,−3dB = 3 GHz). Guided mode resonances tune by $${{\Delta }}{\lambda }_{{{{{{{{\rm{res}}}}}}}}}=$$
Δ

λ

res

=
 20 nm. Our hybrid platform may incorporate free-space nanostructures of any geometry or material, by application of the active layer post-fabrication.
Global fitting for high-accuracy multi-channel single-molecule localization
Authors: Li Yiming , Shi Wei , Liu Sheng , Cavka Ivana , Wu Yu-Le , Matti Ulf , Wu Decheng , Koehler Simone , Ries Jonas
Published: June 2022

Multi-channel detection in single-molecule localization microscopy greatly increases information content for various biological applications. Here, we present globLoc, a graphics processing unit based global fitting algorithm with flexible PSF modeling and parameter sharing, to extract maximum information from multi-channel single molecule data. As signals in multi-channel data are highly correlated, globLoc links parameters such as 3D coordinates or photon counts across channels, improving localization precision and robustness. We show, both in simulations and experiments, that global fitting can substantially improve the 3D localization precision for biplane and 4Pi single-molecule localization microscopy and color assignment for ratiometric multicolor imaging.
The drug-induced phenotypic landscape of colorectal cancer organoids
Authors: Betge Johannes , Rindtorff Niklas , Sauer Jan , Rauscher Benedikt , Dingert Clara , Gaitantzi Haristi , Herweck Frank , Srour-Mhanna Kauthar , Miersch Thilo , Valentini Erica , Boonekamp Kim E. , Hauber Veronika , Gutting Tobias , Frank Larissa , Belle Sebastian , Gaiser Timo , Buchholz Inga , Jesenofsky Ralf , Härtel Nicolai , Zhan Tianzuo , Fischer Bernd , Breitkopf-Heinlein Katja , Burgermeister Elke , Ebert Matthias P. , Boutros Michael
Published: June 2022

Patient-derived organoids resemble the biology of tissues and tumors, enabling ex vivo modeling of human diseases. They have heterogeneous morphologies with unclear biological causes and relationship to treatment response. Here, we use high-throughput, image-based profiling to quantify phenotypes of over 5 million individual colorectal cancer organoids after treatment with >500 small molecules. Integration of data using multi-omics modeling identifies axes of morphological variation across organoids: Organoid size is linked to IGF1 receptor signaling, and cystic vs. solid organoid architecture is associated with LGR5 + stemness. Treatment-induced organoid morphology reflects organoid viability, drug mechanism of action, and is biologically interpretable. Inhibition of MEK leads to cystic reorganization of organoids and increases expression ofLGR5, while inhibition of mTOR induces IGF1 receptor signaling. In conclusion, we identify shared axes of variation for colorectal cancer organoid morphology, their underlying biological mechanisms, and pharmacological interventions with the ability to move organoids along them.
Steerable drops on heated concentric microgroove arrays
Authors: Liu Cong , Lu Chenguang , Yuan Zichao , Lv Cunjing , Liu Yahua
Published: June 2022

Guided drop transport is of great importance in various water and thermal management technologies. Unidirectional drop transport on a hot surface has been widely developed, but a bidirectional reversal is still challenging. Here, we report a steerable transport of drop impinging on heated concentric microgroove arrays, on which the directionality of drop transport is dictated by the drop boiling modes. In the transition boiling state, the driving force originated from the Laplace pressure difference rendered by the microgrooves, which enables the drop rebounding towards the center of curvature. While in the film boiling state, a net force towards the opposite side is generated between the grooves and the penetrated liquid, that drives the drop far away from the center of curvature. Our experimental and theoretical results uncover that the lateral displacement is controlled by both the Weber number and off-center distance. These findings strengthen our fundamental understanding of drop impact dynamics at high temperatures and are essential for effective cooling of hot-spot cores and drop sieving.
Omicron-specific mRNA vaccination alone and as a heterologous booster against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Fang Zhenhao , Peng Lei , Filler Renata , Suzuki Kazushi , McNamara Andrew , Lin Qianqian , Renauer Paul A. , Yang Luojia , Menasche Bridget , Sanchez Angie , Ren Ping , Xiong Qiancheng , Strine Madison , Clark Paul , Lin Chenxiang , Ko Albert I. , Grubaugh Nathan D. , Wilen Craig B. , Chen Sidi
Published: June 2022

The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 recently swept the globe and showed high level of immune evasion. Here, we generate an Omicron-specific lipid nanoparticle (LNP) mRNA vaccine candidate, and test its activity in animals, both alone and as a heterologous booster to WT mRNA vaccine. Our Omicron-specific LNP-mRNA vaccine elicits strong antibody response in vaccination-naïve mice. Mice that received two-dose WT LNP-mRNA show a > 40-fold reduction in neutralization potency against Omicron than WT two weeks post boost, which further reduce to background level after 3 months. The WT or Omicron LNP-mRNA booster increases the waning antibody response of WT LNP-mRNA vaccinated mice against Omicron by 40 fold at two weeks post injection. Interestingly, the heterologous Omicron booster elicits neutralizing titers 10-20 fold higher than the homologous WT booster against Omicron variant, with comparable titers against Delta variant. All three types of vaccination, including Omicron alone, WT booster and Omicron booster, elicit broad binding antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 WA-1, Beta, Delta variants and SARS-CoV. These data provide direct assessments of an Omicron-specific mRNA vaccination in vivo, both alone and as a heterologous booster to WT mRNA vaccine.
Active construction of southernmost Tibet revealed by deep seismic imaging
Authors: Lu Zhanwu , Guo Xiaoyu , Gao Rui , Murphy Michael Andrew , Huang Xingfu , Xu Xiao , Li Sanzhong , Li Wenhui , Zhao Junmeng , Li Chunsen , Xiang Bo
Published: June 2022

Southernmost Tibet exhibits an anomalously twice the normal thickness of average continental crust. There is no available theory to explain and the driving mechanism remains uncertain. Here, we interpret a north-striking, 180 km-long deep seismic reflection profile traversing the southern Lhasa terrane (SLT) to the central Lhasa terrane (CLT). In addition to reflections showing subducting Indian crust, our results reveal lateral heterogeneity between the SLT and CLT, where north-dipping reflections beneath the CLT outline a tilted crystalline basement, while the non-reflective domain beneath the SLT represents homogeneous juvenile crust. Our integrated analysis leads to models calling upon episodic magmatism onto the southern margin of the basement to result in progressive construction of the SLT. We hypothesize that this crustal thickening via crustal-scale magma accretion contributed to surface uplift of the southern margin of the Tibetan plateau and leading to the development of the vast internal drainage system of Tibet.
Measuring and directing charge transfer in heterogenous catalysts
Authors: Zachman Michael J. , Fung Victor , Polo-Garzon Felipe , Cao Shaohong , Moon Jisue , Huang Zhennan , Jiang De-en , Wu Zili , Chi Miaofang
Published: June 2022

Precise control of charge transfer between catalyst nanoparticles and supports presents a unique opportunity to enhance the stability, activity, and selectivity of heterogeneous catalysts. While charge transfer is tunable using the atomic structure and chemistry of the catalyst-support interface, direct experimental evidence is missing for three-dimensional catalyst nanoparticles, primarily due to the lack of a high-resolution method that can probe and correlate both the charge distribution and atomic structure of catalyst/support interfaces in these structures. We demonstrate a robust scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) method that simultaneously visualizes the atomic-scale structure and sub-nanometer-scale charge distribution in heterogeneous catalysts using a model Au-catalyst/SrTiO3-support system. Using this method, we further reveal the atomic-scale mechanisms responsible for the highly active perimeter sites and demonstrate that the charge transfer behavior can be readily controlled using post-synthesis treatments. This methodology provides a blueprint for better understanding the role of charge transfer in catalyst stability and performance and facilitates the future development of highly active advanced catalysts.
Ferroelectric domain-wall logic units
Authors: Wang Jing , Ma Jing , Huang Houbing , Ma Ji , Jafri Hasnain Mehdi , Fan Yuanyuan , Yang Huayu , Wang Yue , Chen Mingfeng , Liu Di , Zhang Jinxing , Lin Yuan-Hua , Chen Long-Qing , Yi Di , Nan Ce-Wen
Published: June 2022

The electronic conductivities of ferroelectric domain walls have been extensively explored over the past decade for potential nanoelectronic applications. However, the realization of logic devices based on ferroelectric domain walls requires reliable and flexible control of the domain-wall configuration and conduction path. Here, we demonstrate electric-field-controlled stable and repeatable on-and-off switching of conductive domain walls within topologically confined vertex domains naturally formed in self-assembled ferroelectric nano-islands. Using a combination of piezoresponse force microscopy, conductive atomic force microscopy, and phase-field simulations, we show that on-off switching is accomplished through reversible transformations between charged and neutral domain walls via electric-field-controlled domain-wall reconfiguration. By analogy to logic processing, we propose programmable logic gates (such as NOT, OR, AND and their derivatives) and logic circuits (such as fan-out) based on reconfigurable conductive domain walls. Our work might provide a potentially viable platform for programmable all-electric logic based on a ferroelectric domain-wall network with low energy consumption.
Bacillus subtilis biofilm matrix components target seed oil bodies to promote growth and anti-fungal resistance in melon
Authors: Berlanga-Clavero M. V. , Molina-Santiago C. , Caraballo-Rodríguez A. M. , Petras D. , Díaz-Martínez L. , Pérez-García A. , de Vicente A. , Carrión V. J. , Dorrestein P. C. , Romero D.
Published: June 2022

Beneficial microorganisms are used to stimulate the germination of seeds; however, their growth-promoting mechanisms remain largely unexplored.Bacillus subtilisis commonly found in association with different plant organs, providing protection against pathogens or stimulating plant growth. We report that application ofB. subtilisto melon seeds results in genetic and physiological responses in seeds that alter the metabolic and developmental status in 5-d and 1-month-old plants upon germination. We analysed mutants in different components of the extracellular matrix ofB. subtilisbiofilms in interaction with seeds and found cooperation in bacterial colonization of seed storage tissues and growth promotion. Combining confocal microscopy with fluorogenic probes, we found that two specific components of the extracellular matrix, amyloid protein TasA and fengycin, differentially increased the concentrations of reactive oxygen species inside seeds. Further, using electron and fluorescence microscopy and metabolomics, we showed that both TasA and fengycin targeted the oil bodies in the seed endosperm, resulting in specific changes in lipid metabolism and accumulation of glutathione-related molecules. In turn, this results in two different plant growth developmental programmes: TasA and fengycin stimulate the development of radicles, and fengycin alone stimulate the growth of adult plants and resistance in the phylloplane to the fungusBotrytis cinerea. Understanding mechanisms of bacterial growth promotion will enable the design of bespoke growth promotion strains.
Three-dimensional imaging of grain boundaries via quantitative fluorescence X-ray tomography analysis
Authors: Ge Mingyuan , Huang Xiaojing , Yan Hanfei , Gursoy Doga , Meng Yuqing , Zhang Jiayong , Ghose Sanjit , Chiu Wilson K. S. , Brinkman Kyle S. , Chu Yong S.
Published: June 2022

Three-dimensional visualization of material composition within multiple grains and across complex networks of grain boundaries at nanoscales can provide new insight into the structure evolution and emerging functional properties of the material for diverse applications. Here, using nanoscale scanning X-ray fluorescence tomography, coupled with an advanced self-absorption correction algorithm developed in this work, we analyze the three-dimensional gain distributions and compositions in a Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ-CoFe2O4 mixed ionic-electronic conductor system with high accuracy and statistical significance. Our systematic investigation reveals an additional emergent phase and uncovers highly intriguing composition stability ranges for the multiple material phases within this system. The presented visualization of composition variations across complex interfaces, supported by our quantitative composition analysis, discloses mechanistic pathways of the diverse phase transformations occurring in the material synthesis, providing insights for the optimization of transport properties in the mixed ionic-electronic conductor system.
Food and cosmetic applications of the avocado seed: a review
Authors: Charles Albert C. , Dadmohammadi Younas , Abbaspourrad Alireza
Published: June 2022

Avocado seed waste has grown as the popularity of avocado products have increased. A review of the literature highlights many possible uses to convert this waste product to value-added materials.
Innovative application of magnetically modified bovine horn as a natural keratin resource in the role of value-added organocatalyst
Authors: Darvishi Atefeh , Bakhshi Hadi , Heydari Akbar
Published: June 2022

The conversion of bovine horn powder as an available and low-cost waste material to a value-added recyclable organocatalyst for transamidation reaction.
Orally administrable polyphenol-based nanoparticles achieve anti-inflammation and antitumor treatment of colon diseases
Authors: Le Zhicheng , He Zepeng , Liu Hong , Ke Jia , Liu Lixin , Liu Zhijia , Chen Yongming
Published: June 2022

Flash nanotechnology-produced nanomedicines exhibit potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and could overcome mucosal barrier for oral delivery, resulting in great efficiency in the prevention and treatment of colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
Sambucus nigra flower and berry extracts for food and therapeutic applications: effect of gastrointestinal digestion on in vitro and in vivo bioactivity and toxicity
Authors: Ferreira-Santos Pedro , Nogueira António , Rocha Cristina M. R. , Wilson Cristina Pereira , Teixeira José A. , Botelho Cláudia
Published: June 2022

The digestion of S. nigra extracts influences the stability of its phenolic compounds, although they are able to exert their bioactivity. Non-digested and digested extracts have low toxicity and differentiated activity in normal and cancerous cells.
Temperature-dependent properties of fat in adipose tissue from pork, beef and lamb. Part 1: microstructural, thermal, and spectroscopic characterisation
Authors: Wijarnprecha Khakhanang , Gregson Christopher , Sillick Matt , Fuhrmann Philipp , Sonwai Sopark , Rousseau Dérick
Published: June 2022

The temperature-dependent structure of adipose tissue from pork/beef/lamb was investigated. The back fats were structurally similar and consisted of fat dispersed in a protein matrix. Our insights help to mimicked animal tissue using in meat analogues.
Unraveling the impact of viscosity and starch type on the in vitro starch digestibility of different gels
Authors: Santamaria Maria , Montes Leticia , Garzon Raquel , Moreira Ramón , Rosell Cristina M.
Published: June 2022

The viscosity of starch gels determines its technological performance and in vitro digestibility.
Pyridine-containing block copolymeric nano-assemblies obtained through complementary hydrogen-bonding directed polymerization-induced self-assembly in water
Authors: Ren Hui , Wei Zengming , Wei Hanchen , Yu Deshui , Li Hongyu , Bi Feihu , Xu Binbin , Zhang Hui , Hua Zan , Yang Guang
Published: June 2022

A diversity of pyridine-containing polymeric nanomaterials with controllable structures and multiple responses were developed through complementary hydrogen-bonding directed polymerization-induced self-assembly in aqueous solution.
Layer-structure-suppressed concentration quenching of Dy3+ luminescence and the realization of a single phase white light-emitting phosphor cooperated with Tm3+
Authors: Xie Feiyan , Li Junhao , Xu Dekang , Xu Hualan , Liu Shuifu , Li Yinuan , Wen Yuhong , Zhang Peilan , Zhong Shengliang
Published: June 2022

A special layered structure helps to suppress the concentration quenching to achieve high dysprosium–thulium co-doping single-phase white light.
Calculating small-angle scattering intensity functions from electron-microscopy images
Authors: Yildirim Batuhan , Washington Adam , Doutch James , Cole Jacqueline M.
Published: June 2022

We outline procedures to calculate small-angle scattering (SAS) intensity functions from 2-dimensional electron-microscopy (EM) images for two types of scattering systems.
A sustained-release Trametinib bio-multifunction hydrogel inhibits orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption
Authors: Yu Hang , Wu Zhina , Bao Xingfu , Tang Xiaoduo , Zhang Junhu , Zhang Yi , Hu Min
Published: June 2022

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a bone reconstruction process.
Preparation of environment-friendly solid epoxy resin with high-toughnessviaone-step banburying
Authors: Lou Gaobo , Li Qing , Jin Qian , Rao Qingqing , Fu Shenyuan , Dai Jinfeng
Published: June 2022

High-toughness and environment-friendly solvent free solid epoxy resin through a low-cost, facile and large-scale fabrication process.
Adsorption of gas molecules on buckled GaAs monolayer: a first-principles study
Authors: Shahriar Rifat , Hassan Orchi , Alam Md. Kawsar
Published: June 2022

NH3, NO2, and SO2 chemisorb on the GaAs monolayer. NO adsorption induces a magnetic moment (1.02 μB per cell), and significantly changes the conductivity and reflectivity.
Allopeptimicins: unique antibacterial metabolites generated by hybrid PKS-NRPS, with original self-defense mechanism in Actinoallomurus
Authors: Iorio Marianna , Gentile Andrea , Brunati Cristina , Tocchetti Arianna , Landini Paolo , Maffioli Sonia Ilaria , Donadio Stefano , Sosio Margherita
Published: June 2022

Untargeted metabolomic analysis of Actinoallomurus spp. unveiled an unprecedented acylated cyclodepsipeptide with unusual features and potent antibacterial activity.
Determination of macro, micro and toxic element concentrations in peanuts from main peanut producing areas of China by ICP-MS: a pilot study on the geographical characterization
Authors: Chen Lu , Ding Min , Li Zengmei , Li Xia , Deng Ligang
Published: June 2022

The study determined 19 elements in peanuts of different regions in China by ICP-MS, and explored a method of identifying peanut origin by multi-element analysis.
I2/TBHP mediated domino synthesis of 2-(2,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydroquinazolin-3(2H)-yl)-N-aryl/alkyl benzamides and evaluation of their anticancer and docking studies
Authors: Soda Anil Kumar , C. S Phani Krishna , Chilaka Sai Krishna , E Vamshi Krishna , Misra Sunil , Madabhushi Sridhar
Published: June 2022

A novel I2/TBHP mediated domino reaction of isatins for the synthesis of 2-(2,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydroquinazolin-3(2H)-yl)-N-phenyl benzamides was described. The synthesized compounds gave promising results and were screened for cytotoxicity against cancerous cell lines.
Changing the calcination temperature to tune the microstructure and polishing properties of ceria octahedrons
Authors: Li Yongxiu , Wang Xueliang , Ding Linmin , Li Yao , He Rucheng , Li Jing
Published: June 2022

Octahedral ceria abrasives with varied microstructures were prepared by calcining a hierarchical precursor at 500–900 °C. The relationship between calcination temperature and microstructure, mechanical hardness and chemical activity was investigated.
N,N-Dimethylformamide-stabilized ruthenium nanoparticle catalyst for β-alkylated dimer alcohol formation via Guerbet reaction of primary alcohols
Authors: Nagata Tatsuki , Okada Kanji , Kondo Ryota , Toyao Takashi , Shimizu Ken-ichi , Suzuki Takeyuki , Obora Yasushi
Published: June 2022

N,N-Dimethylformamide-stabilized Ru nanoparticles (NPs) provide a highly efficient catalyst for the Guerbet reaction of primary alcohols under solvent-free conditions and without the use of external ligands.
Novel near-infrared reflective black inorganic pigment based on cerium vanadate
Authors: Moriomoto Takuro , Oka Ryohei , Minagawa Kohei , Masui Toshiyuki
Published: June 2022

The blackness of CeVO4 was improved by Gd3+ doping without significantly reducing near-infrared (NIR) reflectance.
Theoretical exploration of the binding selectivity of inhibitors to BRD7 and BRD9 with multiple short molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Wang Lifei , Wang Yan , Zhao Juan , Yu Yingxia , Kang Nianqian , Yang Zhiyong
Published: June 2022

Bromodomains (BRDs) are structurally conserved epigenetic reader modules observed in numerous chromatin- and transcription-associated proteins that have a capability to identify acetylated lysine residues.
Combating small molecule environmental contaminants: detection and sequestration using functional nucleic acids
Authors: Sanford Aimee A. , Manuel Brea A. , Romero-Reyes Misael A. , Heemstra Jennifer M.
Published: June 2022

Small molecule contaminants pose a significant threat to the environment and human health.
Supramolecular assembly confined purely organic room temperature phosphorescence and its biological imaging
Authors: Zhou Wei-Lei , Lin Wenjing , Chen Yong , Liu Yu
Published: June 2022

Purely organic room temperature phosphorescence, especially in aqueous solution, is attracting increasing attention owing to its large Stokes shift, long lifetime, low preparation cost, low toxicity, good processing performance advantages, and broad application value.
How additives for tin halide perovskites influence the Sn4+ concentration
Authors: Joy Syed , Atapattu Harindi R. , Sorensen Stephanie , Pruett Henry , Olivelli Alexander B. , Huckaba Aron J. , Miller Anne-Frances , Graham Kenneth R.
Published: June 2022

Additives for tin halide perovskites are investigated and several mechanisms, including halide exchange, coordination with Sn halides, and sacrificial antioxidant behavior are observed to decrease Sn4+ content in the perovskites.
Syntheses and electronic structure engineering of transition metal nitrides for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Mahadik Shivraj , Surendran Subramani , Kim Joon Young , Janani Gnanaprakasam , Lee Dong-Kyu , Kim Tae-Hoon , Kim Jung Kyu , Sim Uk
Published: June 2022

This review summarizes recent advances in synthesis strategies, structural engineering, and unique properties of transition metal nitrides, along with the critical discussion on electrode designs for supercapacitors to meet commercial standards.
Reaction mechanism and kinetics for carbon dioxide reduction on iron–nickel Bi-atom catalysts
Authors: Li Fuhua , Wen Huaqiang , Tang Qing
Published: June 2022

The electrocatalytic reaction mechanism and kinetics of CO2 reduction at the Ni–Fe dual-site were determined based on the grand canonical potential kinetics (GCP-K) method, and a new CO-passivating mechanism was revealed.
Synthesis of size-controlled boehmite sols: application in high-performance hydrogen-selective ceramic membranes
Authors: Wang Hongsheng , Lundin Sean-Thomas B. , Takanabe Kazuhiro , Oyama S. Ted
Published: June 2022

Microporous Si–Ta membrane fabricationviaCVD is studied with emphasis on the formation of graded and defectless γ-Al2O3intermediate layers using size-controlled boehmite sols. The membrane shows excellent H2selectivity and hydrothermal stability.
Detection of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) in serum using a molecularly imprinted nanoparticle surface plasmon resonance sensor
Authors: Henderson Alisha , Sullivan Mark V. , Hand Rachel A. , Turner Nicholas W.
Published: June 2022

NanoMIPs developed for three Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) are applied to an SPR sensor for <nM level serum detection.
Multistimuli-responsive fluorescent probes based on spiropyrans for the visualization of lysosomal autophagy and anticounterfeiting
Authors: Ding Guowei , Gai Fengqing , Gou Zhiming , Zuo Yujing
Published: June 2022

Two novel fluorescent probes with multistimuli-responsive discoloration properties in dual channels based on spiropyrans were designed and synthesized. Lyso-SP and Lyso-SQ facilitated the visualization of lysosomal autophagy by monitoring the pH fluctuation within lysosomes and exhibited potential applications in the field of dual-anticounterfeiting.
Host–guest interaction-based supramolecular prodrug self-assemblies for GSH-consumption augmented chemotherapy
Authors: Bai Yang , Li Xihua , Li Muqiong , Shang Qingqing , Yang Jing , Fan Li , Tian Wei
Published: June 2022

The chemotherapy is perplexed by the unsatisfied efficacy due to the GSH-induced detoxification. The SPSAs reported in this study could not only consume GSH but also reduce GSH biosynthesis pathway, paving a novel way to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
Host and guest joining forces: a holistic approach for metal–organic frameworks in nonlinear optics
Authors: Wolf Mathias , Hirai Kenji , Toyouchi Shuichi , Daelemans Brent , Fron Eduard , Uji-i Hiroshi
Published: June 2022

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are interesting candidates for nonlinear optics (NLO). Here, it will be demonstrated how combining host and guest emission can greatly improve NLO performance of MOFs by accommodating Li@C60 into MOF-177.
Control of molecular conductance by pH
Authors: Wu Bangyao , Guo Weiyi , An Jianming , Li Haixing
Published: June 2022

pH is emerging as a powerful control of electron transport through molecular junctions due to its direct manipulation of chemical structures and frontier orbitals of the molecules.
Distortion-driven spin switching in electron-doped metal porphyrins
Authors: Cojocariu Iulia , Carlotto Silvia , Jugovac Matteo , Floreano Luca , Casarin Maurizio , Feyer Vitaliy , Schneider Claus Michael
Published: June 2022

Different conformers can be stabilized for flexible porphyrins upon electron doping. The metastable flat conformer relaxes to the energetically favored distorted form, inducing spin switching in the chelated nickel ion.
An organic cocrystal based on phthalocyanine with ideal packing mode towards high-performance ambipolar property
Authors: Li Shuyu , Zheng Lei , Chan Yion , Li Bin , Sun Yajing , Sun Lingjie , Zhen Chun , Zhang Xiaotao , Hu Wenping
Published: June 2022

The identical macrocyclic pair promotes desired packing mode with tight and large-overlapped π–π stacking in phthalocyanine-based cocrystal, which ensures high-performance ambipolar property.
Effects of Sr(Co, Nb, Ta)O3 addition on the defect structures and electrical properties of ZnO-based varistors
Authors: Hsiang Hsing-I , Tsai Huei-Ru , Pithan Christian
Published: June 2022

A schematic representation of the defect chemistry in ZCM-SCNT and ZCM-SCO.
A Review of Artificial Intelligence applications in Supply Chain
Authors: Atwani Mariam , Hlyal Mustapha , Elalami Jamila
Published: June 2022

Nowadays, the supply chain faces several challenges, among others, uncertainty relating to demand, stochasticity, and bullwhip effect, as well as external disruptions, risks and crises which can temporarily or durably impact customer’s service, Science has therefore become increasingly interested in an industrial revolution, namely Industry 4.0 which Artificial Intelligence is the most commonly used technology that is capable of revolutionizing many industries and fields. The aim of this article is to review the literature on the Artificial Intelligence applications in Supply Chain and the most used approaches in planning, prediction, purchasing, procurement, transportation and distribution to improve the performance, resilience and efficiency of the Supply chain.
An algorithm for crops segmentation in UAV images based on U-Net CNN model: Application to Sugarbeets plants
Authors: EL Amraoui Khalid , Ezzaki Ayoub , Abanay Abdelkrim , Lghoul Mouataz , Hadri Majid , Amari Aziz , Masmoudi Lhoussaine
Published: June 2022

In recent years, Digital Agriculture (DA) has been widely developed using new technologies and computer vision technics. Drones and Machine learning have proved their efficiency in the optimization of the agricultural management. In this paper we propose an algorithm based on U-Net CNN Model to crops segmentation in UAV images. The algorithm patches the input images into several 256×256 sub-images before creating a mask (ground-truth) that will be fed into a U-Net Model for training. A set of experimentation has been done on real UAV images of Sugerbeets crops, where the mean intersection over Union (MIoU) and the Segmentation accuracy (SA) metrics are adopted to evaluate its performances against other algorithms used in the literature. The proposed algorithm show a good segmentation accuracy compared to three well-known algorithms for UAV image segmentation.
Three Column Fixation Through a Single Incision in Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Kotsalis Giannis , Kotsarinis Georgios , Ladogianni Maria , Fandridis Emmanouil
Published: June 2022

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and functional results of 67 patients with distal radius fracture (DRF), treated with a modified surgical technique that allows three-column fixation through the same palmar approach.

Patients and Methods Between 2014 and 2019, we treated 67 patients using a particular surgical technique. All patients suffered DRF, classified using the universal classification system. Two different intervals were developed palmary: the first ulnarly to the flexor carpi radialis tendon for direct visualization of the distal radius and the second one radially to the radial artery for direct visualization of the styloid process. An anatomic volar locking compression plate was applied to all patients. The radial styloid process was fixed and stabilized either with Kirschner-wires or an anatomic plate through the same incision. Functional results were evaluated based on the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand and Mayo wrist scores. Range of motion and grip strength of the injured wrist were statistically compared with the opposite side.

Results The mean follow-up was 47 months (13–84). All fractures were united, and all patients recovered to the preinjury level of activity. The mean flexion–extension range was 73.8° to 55.2° and the supination–pronation range 82.8° to 67°. No infection or nonunion occurred. No major complications were reported.

Conclusion Open reduction and internal fixation, under specific indications, is the best treatment option in DRF. The described technique provides excellent visualization to the distal radius surfaces and allows the internal fixation of the radial columns through the same skin incision. Therefore, it can constitute an efficient choice in the treatment armamentarium of DRF.
Scapholunate Ligament Reconstruction without Immobilization Is Safe and Leads to Better Functional Results
Authors: Kemler Marius A. , Bootsman Josette J. , van den Berg Johan
Published: June 2022

Background Reconstruction of the scapholunate ligament (SL) is associated with a reduction in range of motion. In this study, we compared SL reconstruction and early mobilization with SL reconstruction and Kirschner wires (K-wire) fixation for 6 weeks.

Methods We performed a nonrandomized trial involving patients with an arthroscopically confirmed SL ligament injury. In total, 11 patients were assigned to SL reconstruction with internal brace augmentation and early mobilization and 10 were assigned to standard SL reconstruction and K-wire fixation for 6 weeks before mobilization started. We assessed the range of motion, grip strength, functional status, intensity of pain, global perceived effect, and duration until return to work.

Results In both groups, there was one traumatic breakout of the reconstructed ligament and two patients in the control group were lost to follow-up. The 10 patients in the internal brace group had a mean increase in wrist flexion of 1.8 degrees at 1 year compared with a decrease in wrist flexion of 13.4 degrees in the seven patients of the control group. Wrist extension increased by 4.5 degrees in the internal brace group and decreased by 4.5 degrees in the control group. In addition, the internal brace group scored 6.1 (much improved) for the global perceived effect and the control group 4.7 (slightly improved), and treatment without immobilization resulted in an earlier return to work (35.1 vs. 73.6 days).

Conclusions In SL reconstruction, internal brace augmentation and early mobilization result in improved wrist flexion and extension, higher satisfaction, and earlier return to work.
Human-induced ecological cascades: Extinction, restoration, and rewilding in the Galápagos highlands
Authors: Bush Mark B. , Conrad Shelby , Restrepo Alejandra , Thompson Diane M. , Lofverstrom Marcus , Conroy Jessica L.
Published: June 2022

Significance

The Galápagos Islands are an iconic evolutionary and ecological setting, recognized to be both species-poor and ecologically sensitive. Here, we show an indirect ecological cascade initiated by whalers harvesting tortoises near the coast in the 1790s, which had lasting impacts on the highland interior of San Cristóbal Island. Our data also reveal how the replacement of endemic herbivores with exotic herbivores, namely, cattle, impacted the local vegetation. We advocate for the restoration of preimpact shrub species and tortoises to promote habitat rewilding, restoration, and especially the socioeconomic value of these highland ecosystems in providing tourist experiences.
Advances in the design and manufacturing of novel freeform optics
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Tong Zhen , Jiang Xiangqian
Published: June 2022

Freeform optics has become the most prominent element of the optics industry. Advanced freeform optical designs supplementary to ultra-precision manufacturing and metrology techniques have upgraded the lifestyle, thinking, and observing power of existing humans. Imaginations related to space explorations, portability, accessibility have also witnessed sensible in today’s time with freeform optics. Present-day design methods and fabrications techniques applicable in the development of freeform optics and the market requirements are focussed and explained with the help of traditional and non-traditional optical applications. Over the years, significant research is performed in the emerging field of freeform optics, but no standards are established yet in terms of tolerances and definitions. We critically review the optical design methods for freeform optics considering the image forming and non-image forming applications. Numerous subtractive manufacturing technologies including figure correction methods and metrology have been developed to fabricate extreme modern freeform optics to satisfy the demands of various applications such as space, astronomy, earth science, defence, biomedical, material processing, surveillance, and many more. We described a variety of advanced technologies in manufacturing and metrology for novel freeform optics. Next, we also covered the manufacturing-oriented design scheme for advanced optics. We conclude this review with an outlook on the future of freeform optics design, manufacturing and metrology.
Young adults who improve performance during dual-task walking show more flexible reallocation of cognitive resources: a mobile brain-body imaging (MoBI) study
Authors: Patelaki Eleni , Foxe John J , Mazurek Kevin A , Freedman Edward G
Published: June 2022

Introduction

In young adults, pairing a cognitive task with walking can have different effects on gait and cognitive task performance. In some cases, performance clearly declines whereas in others compensatory mechanisms maintain performance. This study investigates the preliminary finding of behavioral improvement in Go/NoGo response inhibition task performance during walking compared with sitting, which was observed at the piloting stage.

Materials and Methods

Mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) was used to record electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, 3-dimensional (3D) gait kinematics and behavioral responses in the cognitive task, during sitting or walking on a treadmill.

Results

In a cohort of 26 young adults, 14 participants improved in measures of cognitive task performance while walking compared with sitting. These participants exhibited walking-related EEG amplitude reductions over frontal scalp regions during key stages of inhibitory control (conflict monitoring, control implementation, and pre-motor stages), accompanied by reduced stride-to-stride variability and faster responses to stimuli compared with those who did not improve. In contrast, 12 participants who did not improve exhibited no EEG amplitude differences across physical condition.

Discussion

The neural activity changes associated with performance improvement during dual tasking hold promise as cognitive flexibility markers that can potentially help assess cognitive decline in aging and neurodegeneration.
Flank pain has a significant adverse impact on quality of life in ADPKD: the CYSTic-QoL study
Authors: Winterbottom Jean , Simms Roslyn J , Caroli Anna , Gall Emilie Cornec-Le , Demoulin Nathalie , Furlano Monica , Meijer Esther , Devuyst Olivier , Gansevoort Ron T , Le-Meur Yannick , Perico Norberto , Torra Roser , Ong Albert C M
Published: June 2022

Background

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disorder and a major cause of kidney failure worldwide. However, its impact on quality-of-life has not been systematically explored.

Methods

The CYSTic-QoL study was an observational study designed to study quality-of-life in adult European ADPKD patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2. A total of 465 patients were recruited from six expert European centres with baseline data recorded, including health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL), incorporating a Kidney Disease QoL short form questionnaire (KDQoL-SF, version 1.3), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for total kidney volume (TKV) measurements and DNA for genotyping. The cohort was stratified by baseline eGFR, TKV or genotype and correlated with HRQoL scores. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were applied to examine the relationship between HRQoL and variables of interest. KDQoL-SF scores were calculated using an online tool provided by the RAND organization. For 36-item short form values, mean centre scores were normalized to their native populations.

Results

The mean age of participants was 43 years and 55% were female, with a mean eGFR of 77 mL/min/1.73 m2 and height-adjusted TKV (ht-TKV) of 849 mL/min; 66% had PKD1 pathogenic variants. ADPKD patients uniformly reported decreased general health and less energy, with the majority also experiencing poorer physical, mental or emotional health and limitations in social functioning. A total of 32.5% of participants experienced flank pain, which was significantly and negatively correlated with the majority of KDQoL-SF subscales by multivariate analysis. Higher ht-TKV and lower eGFR were negatively associated with decreased energy and poorer physical health, respectively, although not with flank pain.

Conclusion

ADPKD patients suffer from significantly decreased QoL in multiple domains, exacerbated particularly by chronic pain.
Approach to optimal assessment of right ventricular remodelling in heart transplant recipients: insights from myocardial work index, T1 mapping, and endomyocardial biopsy
Authors: Sade Leyla Elif , Colak Ayse , Duzgun Selin Ardali , Hazırolan Tuncay , Sezgin Atilla , Donal Erwan , Butcher Steele C , Özdemir Handan , Pirat Bahar , Eroglu Serpil , Muderrisoglu Haldun
Published: June 2022

Aims

Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is an important cause of graft failure after heart transplantation (HTx). We sought to investigate relative merits of echocardiographic tools and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) with T1 mapping for the assessment of functional adaptation and remodelling of the RV in HTx recipients.

Methods and results

Sixty-one complete data set of echocardiography, CMR, right heart catheterization, and biopsy were obtained. Myocardial work index (MWI) was quantified by integrating longitudinal strain (LS) with invasively measured pulmonary artery pressure. CMR derived RV volumes, T1 time, and extracellular volume (ECV) were quantified. Endomyocardial biopsy findings were used as the reference standard for myocardial microstructural changes. In HTx recipients who never had a previous allograft rejection, longitudinal function parameters were lower than healthy organ donors, while ejection fraction (EF) (52.0 ± 8.7%) and MWI (403.2 ± 77.2 mmHg%) were preserved. Rejection was characterized by significantly reduced LS, MWI, longer T1 time, and increased ECV that improved after recovery, whereas RV volumes and EF did not change MWI was the strongest determinant of rejection related myocardial damage (area under curve: 0.812, P < 0.0001, 95% CI: 0.69–0.94) with good specificity (77%), albeit modest sensitivity. In contrast, T1 time and ECV were sensitive (84%, both) but not specific to detect subclinical RV damage.

Conclusion

Subclinical adaptive RV remodelling is characterized by preserved RV EF despite longitudinal function abnormalities, except for MWI. While ultrastructural damage is reflected by MWI, ECV, and T1 time, only MWI has the capability to discriminate functional adaptation from transition to subclinical structural damage.
Vaping tetrahydrocannabinol unmasks Brugada pattern and induces ventricular fibrillation in Brugada syndrome: a case report
Authors: Seri Amith , Rattanawong Pattara , Firouzbakht Tina , Sorajja Dan
Published: June 2022

Background

Fever, alcohol, and sodium channel blockers can unmask Brugada pattern and may also induce arrhythmias in Brugada syndrome. We report a case of unmasked Type-1 Brugada pattern presenting with ventricular fibrillation that was induced by a tetrahydrocannabinol vaping.

Case summary

A 48-year-old male with a past medical history of hypertension treated with hydrochlorothiazide and back pain controlled with tetrahydrocannabinol vaping presented with sudden cardiac arrest from ventricular fibrillation, which was terminated with defibrillation. Electrocardiogram after resuscitation showed a new Type-1 Brugada pattern compared to a previous normal baseline electrocardiogram. Echocardiography and coronary angiogram were unremarkable. Complete blood count and chemistries were unremarkable except for mild hypokalaemia (K = 3.3 mmol/L). After correction of the hypokalaemia, the Type-1 Brugada pattern persisted. Urine drug screen was positive for tetrahydrocannabinol (60 ng/mL). Genetic testing was negative for inherited arrhythmic disease and cardiomyopathy gene panels.

Discussion

The patient’s type-1 Brugada pattern and ventricular fibrillation were likely induced by vaping tetrahydrocannabinol. He underwent secondary prevention with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. He abstains from cannabis and Type-1 Brugada pattern is normalized. There was no arrhythmic event at his 18-month follow-up appointment with abstinence from tetrahydrocannabinol.
Combined read- and assembly-based metagenomics to reconstruct aDehalococcoides mccartyigenome from PCB-contaminated sediments and evaluate functional differences among organohalide-respiring consortia in the presence of different halogenated contaminants
Authors: Ewald Jessica M , Schnoor Jerald L , Mattes Timothy E
Published: June 2022

Microbial communities that support respiration of halogenated organic contaminants by Dehalococcoides sp. facilitate full-scale bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes and demonstrate the potential to aid in bioremediation of halogenated aromatics like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). However, it remains unclear if Dehalococcoides-containing microbial community dynamics observed in sediment-free systems quantitatively resemble that of sediment environments. To evaluate that possibility we assembled, annotated, and analyzed a Dehalococcoides sp. metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) from PCB-contaminated sediments. Phylogenetic analysis of reductive dehalogenase gene (rdhA) sequences within the MAG revealed that pcbA1 and pcbA4/5-like rdhA were absent, while several candidate PCB dehalogenase genes and potentially novel rdhA sequences were identified. Using a compositional comparative metagenomics approach, we quantified Dehalococcoides-containing microbial community structure shifts in response to halogenated organics and the presence of sediments. Functional level analysis revealed significantly greater abundances of genes associated with cobamide remodeling and horizontal gene transfer in tetrachloroethene-fed cultures as compared to halogenated aromatic-exposed consortia with or without sediments, despite little evidence of statistically significant differences in microbial community taxonomic structure. Our findings support the use of a generalizable comparative metagenomics workflow to evaluate Dehalococcoides-containing consortia in sediments and sediment-free environments to eludicate functions and microbial interactions that facilitate bioremediation of halogenated organic contaminants.