bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Avarana in the etiopathogeneis of Urustambha
Authors: Sharma Dr. Akhil , Prashanth Dr. A. S. , Chavan Dr. S. G.
Published: September 2018

All the functions of the body are controlled by three fundamental factors called Tridosha. As per Ayurveda, these are considered as ‘the pillars of the body’. Dosha’s in the state of equilibrium perform the normal functions of the body but when they get vitiated, they cause diseases. Urustambha is a lifestyle disorder and it is commonly seen in the higher socio-economic status. Sushrutha Acharya named this disease as Adhyavata. Urustambha is a grave condition, in which the patient’s thighs become painful, numb and immobile. In this disease, deranged Vata due to intake of Apathya Ahara Vihara sub-charged with the Meda and Kapha settle down into the lower limbs which gives rise to painful and immobile condition of the lower limbs.
Clinilcal evaluation on concept of Avarana and its influence in Pakshagata
Authors: U R Dr. Prayaga Prasad , A S Dr. Prashanth
Published: September 2018

Ayurvedic literature highlights the symptoms of Pakshagata as Chesta Nivritti either in Vama or Dakshina Parshwa along with Ruja and Vakstambha. Pakshaghata being one among the Vataja Nanatmaja Vyadhi is considered as Mahavata Vyadhi, it can occur either due to Dhatukshaya or Margavarana. Pakshaghata can be correlated with Hemiplegia, which results from cerebrovascular accident - stroke. Stroke is defined as sudden onset of neurologic deficit from vascular mechanism 85% is ischemic and 15% are primary hemorrhages. According to the World Health Organization, 15 million people suffer from stroke world wide each year, of these, 5 million die and another 5 million are permanently disabled. Modern science believes that the brain tissues once damaged completely cannot be repaired by the therapies leading to permanent neurological deficit. Hence, the disease has a poor prognosis, making the person disabled dependent. In present article deals with aetiopathogenesis, clinical features and the role of Avarana and management of disease the Pakshagata from Ayurvedic classics
Navayasa Lauha as an herbomineral preperation and their utility in different disease
Authors: Sharma Dr. Trivesh , V. Dr. Chakradhar M. , Madalageri Dr. Mahesh M.
Published: September 2018

Ayurveda has earth-shattering in audience of world wide on virtue of its holistic approach of life and its fewer side effects. Ayurvedic herbal and herbo-mineral preparations are used for the treatment of chronic and degenerative diseases without any side-effect. Herbo-mineral formulation uses herbs, minerals or metals as Bhasmas for chronic disorders and proved its effectiveness. The present work is an attempt to emphasis on Navayasa Lauh as a herbomineral preparation and their utility in different disease.
Upcycling of Sneha Kalka - A Novel Design
Authors: Prasad Dr. Pooja Krishna , R. Dr. Swathi , Sharma Dr. Sanketh V. , ManishKumar Dr. Rangrej Divya
Published: September 2018

Sneha Kalka is the by-product formed due to addition of Kalka and Drava Dravya to Sneha (oil or ghee) during Snehapaka which is considered as waste and discarded. Sneha Kalpana is a type of dosage form which is extensively used in clinical practice and prepared on large scale production leading to formation of huge quantity of Sneha Kalka. This study is an attempt to convert this Sneha Kalka into a new dosage form i.e., Granules. In this study, the Sneha Kalka of Ashwagandha Ghrita was converted into Ashwagandha Granules. The resultant product was highly palatable and can act as a substitute to expensive malt based health drink powders.
Effectiveness of Ayurvedic intervention in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (Kaphaja Adhimantha) - A Case Study
Authors: P. Dr. Ratheesh , A. Dr. Abhayadev , Sumedhan Dr. Varsha , P P. Dr. Meghna , M Dr. Srinivasan , D Dr. Sudhakar , S Dr.Sunil Kumar , S Dr. Kannadas C.
Published: September 2018

Glaucoma is a diverse group of disorders affecting the eye with a common characteristic potentially progressive optic neuropathy that is determined by both structural changes and functional deficit in which IOP is a key modifiable factor. In Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), IOP independent mechanisms of glaucomatous nerve damage and visual field loss with unobstructed angle of anterior chamber is observed. The patient has reported gradual diminution of peripheral aspect of visual field (Rt. eye - 6/12 and Lt. eye - 6/12 on Snellen’s distant vision chart) in both eyes for 2 years. There was marked peripheral field defect on both confrontation test and perimetry visual field analysis test. The disease shows clinical similarity with Kaphaja Adhimantha, a disease affecting the whole eye mentioned in Susruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hrudaya. It is a chronic disease comes under life style related disorder. Dukhena Roopam Pasyathi (distorted image or constricted visual field), Sirodukha (headache), Srava (watering), Kandu (itching), Pamsupoornatha (foreign body sensation), Aviladarsana (diminished vision) and Gourava (heaviness of eye and head) are the clinical findings explained in the context of Kaphaja Adhimantha. These clinical finding mentioned in classical literature shows resemblance with POAG. The meticulous deployment of kaphaja Abhisyandha- Adhimantha treatment protocol can be used to prevent the progression of ganglionic damage and preservation of eye sight. The logical interpretation on the basis of both subjective and objective clinical findings concluded the diagnosis as Kaphaja Adhimantha and treatment principle adopted was Apatharpana, Kaphahara, Abhisyandhahara and Srothovisodhana. After treatment his vision has improved as 6/6 (Rt. Eye) and 6/6 (Lt. Eye) and remarkable change in field analysis. The study discusses about the effectiveness of Ayurvedic management in POAG.
A Case Study on Vataja Timira w.s.r. to Keratoconus
Authors: Hiremath Dr. Mariswami , Pasha Dr. S. M. , S. Dr. Ahalya
Published: September 2018

According to Ayurveda, Vata is responsible for formation of all body parts. Vayu is said to be Sarva Dhatu Vyuhakara and Kartagarbhakritam. It means that Vayu is responsible for the regular function and amount of Dhatus in body. In Ayurveda there is no direct reference of keratoconus, based on the symptoms it can be considered as Vataja Timira. This can be correlated to advanced condition of keratoconus, considering Dosha involvement Vatahara and Bruhmana line of treatment in the form of Nasya, Tarpana and Pindi is more beneficial in keratoconus.
PHANA MARMA - A CADAVERIC STUDY
Authors: Kundu Debasis
Published: September 2018

Marmas are the vital points in the body. The word Marma derived from the Sanskrit root “mru” and applies to a part or a spot of vital importance in the body, which if injured results in serious consequences. It also denotes the vital force of life. About 107 Marmas have been explained in Ayurveda, according to Acharya Sushruta Jathruurdva Marmas are considered as major places of Prana and Phanamarma is one of them belonging to Vaikalya-Karamarma, located on either side of nostrils. The term Phana means expanded side of the nose or expanded hood of the serpent. When we compare the site of Phana Marma there is an difference of opinion between Acharya Sushruta and Vagbhata (Astanga Sangraha) but both explained the similar Viddhalaxana, hence to clarify the doubt regarding its location the study is undertaken. As no such study regarding Phanamarma has been taken up by previous scholars, this subject has attracted me to conduct cadaveric study to ascertain its anatomical limitations, which will be definitely helpful for the future scholars, as lot of dark areas are highlighted concerned to this Marma.
Role of Various Estrus Induction and Synchronization Protocols in Influencing Plasma
Progesterone, Metabolic Profile and Fertility in Acyclic Buffaloes
Authors: Prajapati J. P. , Patel D. M. , Dhami A. J. , Patel J. A. , Hadiya K. K. , Chaudhari D. V.
Published: September 2018

A study was carried out under field conditions on 50 acyclic/
anestrus buffaloes to evaluate the efficacy of four standard estrus
synchronization protocols, viz., Doublesynch, Estradoublesynch,
Ovsynch, and Ovsynch Plus (10 buffaloes in each protocol, and
in untreated control group) in terms of estrus induction response,
conception rates at induced estrus with FTAI and monitoring
plasma progesterone, protein and cholesterol profile at different
time intervals during treatment and day 12 post-AI. All the animals
received pre-synchronization treatment, i.e., Inj. 100 mg ivermectin
s/c, Inj. tono-vita 20 ml, and multi-minerals 1 bolus daily for 7
days. The conception rates obtained at induced estrus (FTAI)
were 50.0, 40.0, 30.0 and 50.0 % with Doublesynch,
Estradoublesynch, Ovsynch and Ovsynch Plus protocol,
respectively. The rests were taken as non-conceived ones. The
plasma progesterone concentrations monitored on day 0 (start
of treatment), 7/9 (PGF2
α injection), 10/12 (FTAI) and on day 12
post-AI revealed significant (p Lass Than 0.01) effect of sampling days in
all four protocols with higher values on day of PGF2
α injection
and on day 12 post-AI compared to other days. Moreover, the
plasma progesterone concentrations were significantly (p Lass Than 0.05)
higher in conceiving than the non-conceiving buffaloes on day
12 post-AI in all 4 protocols. The mean plasma protein and
cholesterol profile did not differ significantly between days in any
of the protocols. The animals under Doublesynch protocol however
had significantly higher protein values as compared to Ovsynch
and Ovsynch Plus protocols. Moreover, the non-conceiving
buffaloes under Ovsynch Plus protocol had significantly (p Lass Than 0.05)
lower mean plasma protein (5.73±0.15 vs. 6.49±0.13 g/dl) and
cholesterol (57.42±1.19 vs. 76.68±1.85 mg/dl) concentrations
compared to their counterparts. It was concluded that all four
hormonal protocols improved plasma progesterone profile and
conception rates in acyclic buffaloes without altering plasma
protein and cholesterol profile. The maximal benefit was with
Doublesynch and Ovsynch plus protocols, hence these can be
practiced under field conditions to manage acyclic buffaloes.
Recent Trend in Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci from Animal and Human
Authors: Ghodasara S. N. , Purohit J. H. , Patel J. S. , Mathapati B. S. , Javia B. B. , Barad D. B. , Sindhi S. H.
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci (MRS) isolated from animals and human beings. During the study, total 9 MRS isolates from 86 Staphylococcus spp. and 20 MRS isolates from 62 Staphylococcus spp. were identified from 202 animal and 100 human samples, respectively. All the MRS isolates from animals showed higher susceptibility to amikacin and rifampicin (100%) followed by oxytetracyclin (77.78%) and chloramphenicol (66.66%). Similarly, the MRS isolates from human showed higher susceptibility to methicillin (98%) followed by rifampicin and gentamicin (90% each), chloramphenicol (80%) and ofloxacin and levofloxacin (70% each). The higher rates of methicillin, gentamicin, ofloxacin and levofloxacin sensitivity were observed in human beings as compared to animal MRS isolates, whereas higher rates of amikacin, rifampicin and oxytetracyclin sensitivity were observed in animal isolates as compared to human MRS isolates. The MIC level of all the MRS isolates from both the species were recorded and found 89.67% correlation of phenotypic oxacillin susceptibility test with mecA gene PCR amplification among MRS isolates from animal and human.
Molecular Detection and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Staphylococci Isolated from Clinical and Subclinical Bovine Mastitis
Authors: Javia B. B. , Purohit J. H. , Mathapati B. S. , Barad D. B. , Savsani H. H. , Ghodasara S. N. , Kalariya V. A. , Patel U. D. , Nimavat V. R.
Published: September 2018

The present study was carried out on bovine mastitis with an objective to screen bovine milk samples around Junagadh for status of subclinical mastitis (SCM) by somatic cell count (SCC), to reveal the prevalence of staphylococcal mastitis by conventional and molecular methods and to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance pattern of the isolated Staphylococci. Total 390 bovine milk samples (180 from clinical mastitis and 210 from apparently healthy animals) were collected. Among 210 milk samples from healthy bovine, 72 samples showed SCC value andgt; 5 lakhs/mL revealing 34.29% prevalence of SCM. A primary culture isolation of 252 milk samples (72 SCM and 180 clinical mastitis) showed 38.72% prevalence of Staphylococcal mastitis. The isolated Staphylococci were further characterized by biochemical tests which showed prevalence of coagulase negative Staphylococci and S. aureus 23.08% and 15.64%, respectively. The high resistance of Staphylococci was observed against ceftriaxone and amoxicillin-salbactum which displays antibiotic usage pattern in the region. Likewise bacterial isolates studied were highly sensitive to levofloxacin which suggest judicious use of this antibiotic in treatment of bovine mastitis. All the conventionally isolated Staphylococci and S. aurues were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction targeting 16S rRNA and nuc gene respectively in shorter period of time which signifies the superiority of molecular diagnostic tools.
Incidence of Anaplasmosis in Buffaloes in and Around Navsari and Efficacy of Diagnostic Tests
Authors: Patel M. D. , Patel H. K. , Kalyani I. H. , Kumar Niranjan , Tyagi K. K. , Sorathiya L. M.
Published: September 2018

Incidence of anaplasmosis in buffaloes in and around Navsari district was studied over a period of one year (2016-17). Clinical cases with history of fever, anaemia, icterus, anorexia and progressive debility presented at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Livestock Research Station and in field were suspected for presence of haemoprotozoan infections and specially examined for anaplasmosis by Giemsa stained thin blood smear (GSTBS), cELISA and PCR. The information related to epidemiological parameters was also collected for risk factor’ analysis. The overall incidence of anaplasmosis in buffaloes in and around Navsari district was 37.50%. Comparatively higher incidence was observed in field cases (63.63%) followed by cases from TVCC (60%) and LRS (25%). Seasonwise incidence was 43.75, 39.13 and 22.22% in winter, summer and monsoon, respectively. Incidence in buffaloes aged above 3 years and below 3 years was 40.47 and 16.66%, respectively. The overall effect of place, season and age on incidence of anaplasmosis in buffaloes was non-significant. Considering PCR as gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of GSTBS were 44.44, 100 and 79.16 %, respectively, whereas, corresponding figures for cELISA was 100 %. Results indicated fairly presence of anaplasmosis in buffaloes in and around Navsari but difficult to diagnose with routine smear examination. Therefore, use of advanced diagnostic techniques (PCR/ELISA) is advocated for confirmatory diagnosis.
Effect of Peripartum Nutritional Supplementation on Plasma Profiles of Macro Minerals and Postpartum Fertility in Jaffarabadi Buffaloes
Authors: Vala K. B. , Dhami A. J. , Kavani F. S. , Parmar S. C. , Pathan M. M.
Published: September 2018

This investigation was undertaken on 40 transitional Jaffarabadi buffaloes with the objective to evaluate the effect of peripartum nutritional (multiminerals and bypass fat) supplementation without and with micro-minerals (Inj. Stimvet) and oral ecbolic (Boli Exapar) on uterine involution and postpartum fertility including plasma minerals profile. The animals of treatment group (n=20) received additional oral supplements daily with 50 g of chelated mineral mixture and 150 g of bypass fat along with concentrates for 6 weeks prepartum and 2 weeks postpartum over the control farm fed group (n=20). Ten buffaloes in each control and treatment group further received Inj. Stimvet 5 ml (micro-minerals) around day 45 prepartum and on day of calving. Half of these Stimvet treated and control subgroups also received Exapar (n=5) 2 boli/day for 4 consecutive days postpartum. Blood samples were obtained on day –45, –30, –7 and 0 (day of calving), 7, 15, 30, 45, 60 peripartum for estimation of minerals profile. Animals were followed for puerperal events, uterine involution and intervals for postpartum first estrus and conception. The feeding of bypass fat and chelated minerals had significant effect on the time required for expulsion of placenta (3.93±0.24 vs 7.18±0.72 hrs; p Lass Than 0.01), uterine involution (32.75±0.57 vs 37.00±0.56 days; p Lass Than 0.05), intervals for first estrus postpartum (79.05±3.82 vs 100.55±3.47 days; p Lass Than 0.05) and service period (107.10±4.43 vs 133.65±6.04 days; p Lass Than 0.05). The prepartum mean plasma calcium and inorganic phosphorus levels in the buffaloes of both control and treatment groups decreased significantly on the day of calving, and then gradually increased during the days postpartum, again reaching at par with prepartum levels at around day 15-30 postpartum. The mean plasma calcium levels were observed to be higher in treatment than control group at most of the intervals. The mean plasma inorganic phosphorus values on periods closer to calving were apparently higher in treatment group than the control group. Further, the levels during close peripartum period were observed to be apparently higher in untreated subgroup as compared to Stimvet and Exapar alone or its combination subgroups. The mean plasma magnesium concentrations were found to be almost consistent during entire peripartum period studied in both the groups with apparently higher values in treatment than control group at most of the intervals. Very similar trend was also found in subgroups treated with Stimvet and oral Exapar alone or in combination, being little higher in Stimvet injected subgroup.
Genetic Polymorphism of Growth Hormone Gene Exon-4 in Surti and Mehsani Goats by PCR- RFLP
Authors: Bayan Jyotishree , Kharadi Vishnu , Ramani Umed , Janmeda Mamta , Tyagi Kuldeep , Dangar Nikhil , Pandya Gaurav
Published: September 2018

The present investigation was planned to study growth hormone (GH) gene exon-4 polymorphism using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in Surti and Mehsani goats. GH gene exon-4 region was found to be monomorphic on restriction digestion with HaeIII, which revealed only one genotype CC in both Surti and Mehsani goat breeds. The allelic frequency of C was 1.00 in both the breeds of goats with absence of D allele.
Effect of Yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) Supplementation on Haematological Parameters in Surti Buffalo Calves
Authors: Singh Virendra Kumar , Chaudhary Sandhya  S. , Manat Tanvi  D. , Singh Rana Ranjeet , Tyagi Kuldeep , Dangar Nikhil , Pandya Gaurav
Published: September 2018

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on haematological parameter in 21 Surti young female buffalo calves (aged 6-12 months). They were divided equally into 3 groups (7 calves in each group) viz. Group I (control), II (supplementation of rumen specific yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 @ 4x109 cfu/animal/day) and III (supplementation of product of inactivated whole cell yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing elevated levels of L (+) selenomethionine @ selenium inclusion rate in feed at 0.3 ppm). Whole blood was collected at day 0, 45 and 90 and haematological parameters were studied. Except in Group II which showed significant decrease in TEC, all haematological parameters were found within normal physiological range. Thus it was concluded that in female Surti buffalo calves supplementation of yeast and selenized yeast did not cause any significant change in haematological parameters.
Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies on Uterus of Jaffarabadi Buffalo during Follicular and Luteal Phases of Estrous Cycle
Authors: Kumar Vishnudeo , Vyas K. N. , Tank P. H. , Sharma Anil , Talekar S. H.
Published: September 2018

The study was conducted on uterus of 20 adult Jaffrabadi buffaloes. Scanning electron microscopic observation showed that the surface of endometrium was folded. Lining epithelium of horn and body consist of ciliated and nonciliated cells. During follicular phase cells were flat, formed hexagonal structure with numerous microvilli, whereas, cells were narrow and polygonal in shape during luteal phase. More number of well-developed ciliated cells were found in follicular phase as compared to luteal phase. Numerous secretory blabs were observed on surface of secretory cells during luteal phase. The folds in the cervix were narrow and deep. The lining epithelium of cervix had ciliated and nonciliated cells. The cilia were more in cranial part than the caudal part of the cervix and present in the form of bunch, which were overlapping the secretory cells. Ciliated cells were more in number during follicular phase. Cervical glands were distributed on the cervical mucosa and ciliated cells were present around the openings of these glands.
Influence of Seasons on Seminal Attributes of Crossbred Bulls and its Implications on Fresh, Diluted and Cryopreserved Semen
Authors: Kapale P. M. , Nagvekar A. S. , Dhande P. L. , Ingole S. D. , Dagli N. R. , Ramteke B. N. , Gadegaonkar G. M.
Published: September 2018

The present study was conducted on eight crossbred bulls (HFxGir, 50-75% HF inheritance) under Konkan Development Corporation Ltd. of Maharashtra. Semen ejaculates obtained at monthly interval were used for this study. Semen samples were subjected to routine macroscopic and microscopic evaluation. The study was planned for three seasons, viz., summer, winter and monsoon. The ejaculates were divided into two parts: one part was used for analysis as fresh semen and second part was diluted using egg yolk extender and then cryopreserved. It was observed that the sperm motility and live sperm percentage were significantly low during summer season as compared to winter and monsoon season in fresh semen samples. The semen volume was significantly higher during summer season whereas the sperm concentration was higher in winter season. The colour, consistency and density were not affected by season. Thus, it was concluded that summer season adversely affects the seminal attributes which may result in low quality semen production.
Effect of Season on Physico-Morphological Attributes of Cryopreserved Hariana Bull Spermatozoa
Authors: Singh Vipin , Kumar Anuj , Yadav Chhote Lal , Patel Akhil , Yadav Brajesh , Saxena Atul
Published: September 2018

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of seasonal variations on various seminal attributes and freezability of Hariana bull semen. The study was conducted over a period of four months and divided into two peak seasons as winter (December-January) and summer (May-June). Twenty-four ejaculates were collected from 4 bulls in each season. The physico-morphological characteristics of semen, viz., volume (ml), mass activity (0-5 scale), pH, sperm concentration (million/ ml), progressive motility (%), sperm livability (%), HOST (%), total morphological sperm abnormality (%) and acrosomal integrity (%) were estimated at different stages of cryopreservation in different seasons. During summer season the ejaculate volume and seminal pH were found non-significantly higher than in winter, whereas the percentage of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa was significantly (p Lass Than 0.05) higher in summer. Post- thaw percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa was significantly (p Lass Than 0.05) higher in winter than summer season. Live sperm per cent were significantly (p Lass Than 0.05) higher in winter than summer season both at fresh and pre-freeze stage. HOST positive sperm and acrosomal integrity were significantly (p Lass Than 0.01) higher in winter season than summer at all three stages. The study generated basic information that the summer season adversely affects the various physico-morphological characteristics of Hariana bull semen altering its freezability.
Canine Pyometra: Current Perspectives on Causes and Management – A Review
Authors: Kumar Alok , Saxena Atul
Published: September 2018

Canine pyometra is a pathological condition of endometrium which results in accumulation of purulent semisolid substance in uterus. Canine pyometra is a sequlae of cystic endometrial hyperplacia (CEH) which results from hormonal imbalance. Despite of enormous veterinary medical research and development, still its main aspect of etio-pathology is not fully known. Canine pyometra is mostly associated with other similar uterine pathological conditions, i.e., hydrometra, mucometra and chronic endomertitis.
Gyrification Index and Encephalizaton Quotient of Brain of Surti Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Suman Alka , Pandya Sweta
Published: September 2018

The brain of Surti buffaloes presents many cortical foldings. These are called gyrification. In the present study on brain of 12 Surti buffaloes, the folded cerebral hemispheres presented various sulci and gyri of different sizes. Gyrification Index (GI) was measured by the sum of the complete exposed surface and superficially exposed surface of cerebral cortex. The overall mean value of gyrification index of both of cerebral hemispheres was 2.52±0.02. The Encephalization Quotient (EQ) is the ratio of brain mass to body mass, which gives rough estimate of the intelligence of the Surti buffaloes. The overall mean value of encephalization quotient of Surti buffaloes was found to be 0.74.
Comparative Efficacy of Prolactin inhibitors and PGF2 analogue in Bitches Affected with Cystic Endometrial
Hyperplasia-Pyometra Complex
Authors: Mandhwani Q. , Bhardwaz A. , Aich R. , Shivhare M. , Kumar S. , Mangrole V.
Published: September 2018

The study was carried out at the Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mhow and in private clinics across Indore on 30 bitches suffering from Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia-Pyometra Complex (CEH-PC). The animals were randomly subdivided into five groups each of six bitches and treated with bromocriptine (1 g/kg POx5 days) and cabergoline (5 g/kg POx5 days) alone and in combination with cloprostenol (5 g/kg s/c on day 0, 2 and 6) (Gr II to V) together with enrofloxacin (10-20 mg/kg PO, SID×5 days) + combination of metronidazole and povidone-iodine IU (5-10 ml×3 days), the later served as routine control Gr I.The treatment response of animals was evaluated through clinical, ultrasonographical, haematological and biochemical parameters. Blood samples were collected from cephalic or saphenous vein just before treatment (day 0) and after treatment on day 6 and day 14. Treatment approach -III (cabergoline 5 g/kg POx5 days) was found to be the most effective without side effects with significant decrease in uterine luminal diameter after treatment. The results showed significant improvement in haemato-biochemical attributes in dogs affected with CEH-P complex following treatment IV and V, i.e. with use of bromocriptine and cabergoline in combination with cloprostenol as compared to other groups.
Animal healthcare service delivery system in Uttar Pradesh state of India: Perception of Government Veterinary Officers
Authors: Bardhan D. , Kumar Sanjay , Singh Rishi  Kumar
Published: September 2018

The present study was carried out to ascertain the perception of government veterinary officers (GVO’s) towards present status of animal healthcare services (AHS) in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. A total of 22 GVO’s were surveyed from all the nine agro-climatic regions of the state. Findings revealed that most limiting supporting factors in AHS are laboratory support, availability of refrigeration facilities and training in post mortem. Most important constraints in delivering of AHS are posting in distant/ marginal areas, lack of infrastructure, and poor pay and incentives. Major factors hindering provision of AHS at farmers’ doorsteps are cases being reported late, farmers’ unwillingness to pay and other administrative and reporting tasks. The findings of the study have provided crucial information to the policy makers regarding the potential of improving AHS in the state.
Effect of Ciprofloxacin on Recovery and Conception Rate in infectious Repeat Breeder Crossbred Cows
Authors: K. Sudarshan , Bhardwaz Anavil , Nema S. P. , Chabbra Daljeet , Shukla Supriya , Shrivastava Nidhi , Madhwani Ritika
Published: September 2018

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Ciprofloxacinin in 20 infectious repeat breeder crossbred cows brought to the AI centre of Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mhow and nearby Government AI centers. Animals were divided into two groups ten in each .The animals in first group were treated with Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride @ 4 mg/kg BW IU. The animals in control group were infused with 30 ml saline IU. Bacterial count, total Cellular count and PMNs values were reduced highly significantly (P Lass Than 0.01) in Ciprofloxacin treated group than in control group. 90.00 % cows under Ciprofloxacin treatment became negative to White side test. An overall conception rate of 70.00 per cent was found in Ciprofloxacin treated repeat breeder cross bred cows.
Surgical Management of Congenital Rectovaginal Fistula and Type III Atresia Ani in an Umbalachery Calf
Authors: Rani R. Uma , Tamilmahan P.
Published: September 2018

Congenital rectovaginal fistula is characterised by the communication between the dorsal wall of the vagina and the ventral portion of the rectum, so that the vulva functions as a common opening to the urogenital and gastrointestinal tracts (Shakoor et al., 2012). Type III Atresia Ani is a congenital anomaly in which imperforate anus combined with the blind rectal pouch which is more than 1 cm away from the anal dimple (Vianna and Tobias, 2005). The present report records a case of congenital rectovaginal fistula and type III Atresia Ani in an Umbalacheri calf and its successful surgical management.
Clinical Management of Sarcoptic Mange in Rabbits
Authors: Shakya Mukesh , Singh Mamta , Jayraw A. K. , Saini Vijesh Kumar
Published: September 2018

Dermatological problems are one of the most common clinical entities in domestic pets and fur bearing animals (Deshmukh et al., 2010). Amongst them, sarcoptic mange is one of the most common and major constraint in commercial rabbit production in India (Darzi et al., 2007). Sarcoptic mange is the most obstinate, resistant and contagious disease with zoonotic importance (Kumar et al., 2002). It is mainly characterized by pruritis, alopecia and in prolonged illness; the animal becomes emaciated and mayeven die due to cachexia (Roy et al., 2001). Being a contagious parasitic skin disease, mites are generally spread by direct contact between infected and healthy rabbits (Panigrahi and Gupta, 2013). Sarcoptic mange, if left untreated may cause significant morbidity and economic loss in the livestock. Moreover, high costs are associated with acaricides used in infested livestock (Rehbein et al., 2003 and Walton et al., 2004). The avermectin compounds can be used to treat rabbits which are naturally infected with scabies (Kachhawa et al., 2013 and Eraslan et al., 2010). The present communication reports the successful management of sarcoptic mange in rabbits.
Surgical management of rare Case of Fibrosarcoma in a Budgerigar
Authors: Babu M.S. Sabarish , Souza Nitin J.D. , Nair Sindhu G.
Published: September 2018

Fibrosarcomas are common tumours in budgerigars and accounts for 16 % of all the neoplasms. These tumours may be subcutaneous or more deeply located in underlying tissue, and often appear fixed and proliferative with a nodular, red surface (Graham, 1991). They tend to be locally invasive and often recur with conservative surgical excision. Surgical excision followed by both radiation and chemotherapy has been reported with some success (Reece, 1997).
Tube Gastropexy for the Management of Gastric Dilatation Volvulus in a Dog
Authors: Babu M.S. Sabarish , Souza Nitin J.D.
Published: September 2018

Gastric Dilatation Volvulus (GDV) is an acute condition with mortality rate of 20% to 45% in treated animals, (Evans and Adams, 2010). Dogs fed a large volume of food per meal were at increased risk of developing GDV, (Raghavan et al., 2004). Male gender, being under weight, eating rapidly, gastric motility disorders, stress are the predisposing factors for GDV, (Raghavan et al., 2006). This report describes the successful medical and surgical management of GDV and splenic torsion in a GermanSheperd Dog.
Successful Treatment of Ascites with Cholecystitis in A Dog
Authors: Thakur Pratibha , Soni A. K. , Mehta H. K. , Bagherwal R. K.
Published: September 2018

Ascites referred as accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity, has been attributed to chronic hepatic failure, congestive heart failure, nephritic syndrome, malnutrition, ancylostomiasis and protein losing enteropathy in canine (Pradhan et al., 2008). Multiple organ disorders, hypoproteinaemia (Dabas et al., 2011), and right side heart failure (Ettinger and Feldman, 2005) are the common causes associated with ascites in dogs. Cholecystitis is a disease of the gall bladder characterized by infections, idiopathic inflammation or urolith obstruction, which is commonly caused by bacteria ascending from the intestine via the common bile duct or by haematogenous routes (Karlapudi and Devarakonda 2014a).
Hydrallantois Associated with Fetal Anasarca in a Non-Descript Doe
Authors: Sachan V. , Singh V. , Yadava C. L. , Gupta R. K. , Saxena A.
Published: September 2018

The incidence of dystocia in goats has been reported about 7% (Abdul-Rahman et al., 2000) to 8.23 % (Mehta et al., 2002). Fetal causes of dystocia are more common than maternal causes in goat (Abdul-Rahman et al., 2000) and sheep (Taha et al., 2005). Among dropsical conditions, the hydrallantois is more common compared to hydramnios (Hafez, 1993) and is frequently reported in bovines (having twins), rarely in mares (Milton et al., 1989) and less frequently in small ruminants. Hydrallantois is excessive accumulation of fluid in the allantoic sac in uterus, usually occurs within 5 to 20 days in advance pregnancy. Goats suffering from hydrallantois are usually presented in their second stage of labor with a history of sudden enlargement of the abdomen after mid gestation (Purohit, 2006). The present report documents a case of hydrallantois associated with fetal anasarca and its successful management in a non-descript doe.
Prevalence of Bovine Tuberculosis among Buffaloes Innorth Karnataka
Authors: K. Sripad , Kowalli Shrikant , P. Giridhar , M. Byregowda S.
Published: September 2018

The present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis among buffaloes in Belgaum, Dharwad and Bagalkote districts of North Karnataka, for a period of eight years (2002 to 2009). A total of 2184 buffaloes belonging to 30 organized farms were screened by single intradermal tuberculin test using bovine tuberculin Purified protein derivative. Overall prevalence of tuberculosis among buffaloes was found to be 0.96 per cent. Prevalence was higher in females (0.97%) than males (0.84%) and in Murrah (1.02 %) than Surthi (0.85 %). Analysis of the temporal pattern revealed a gradual declining trend over a period of eight years.
Alpha-Cypermethrin Toxicity in a Labrador Dog: A Case Study
Authors: Parmar J. J. , Rao Neha , Shah A. I. , Patel D. M.
Published: September 2018

Dogs may be exposed to pesticides used in and around the home. Pesticide toxicity is very common in pets when these drugs are used to control insects and ecto-parasites. Herbicides applied to lawns are also found to be toxic for dogs. Alpha-cypermethrin is an active pyrethroid of many insecticides and effectively controls a wide range of pests in agriculture. Pesticides with alpha-cypermethrin available in the market as a concentrate in suspension or mixed with other insecticides (Luty et al., 1998) comprise the alpha C isomers of cypermethrin which are considered to be two- to three-fold more toxic than cypermethrin and are one of the most effective pyrethroids (Hartnik et al., 2008). This communication reports a case of á-cypermethrin toxicity and its clinical management in a Labrador.
Disparities in Patient-Reported Interest in Web-Based Patient Portals: Survey at an Urban Academic Safety-Net Hospital (Preprint)
Authors: Sadasivaiah Shobha , Lyles Courtney R , Kiyoi Stephen , Wong Piera , Ratanawongsa Neda
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Offering hospitalized patients’ enrollment into a health system’s patient portal may improve patient experience and engagement throughout the care continuum, especially across care transitions, but this process is less studied than portal engagement in the ambulatory setting. Patient portal disparities exist and may lead to differences in access or outcomes. As such, it is important to study upstream factors in a typical hospital workflow that could lead to those disparities in safety-net settings.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to evaluate sociodemographic characteristics associated with interest in a health care system’s portal among hospitalized patients and reasons for no interest.

METHODS

Nurses assessed interest in a Web-based patient portal, expressed by the patient as “yes” or “no,” as part of the admission nursing assessment among patients at an academic urban safety-net hospital and recorded responses in the electronic health record (EHR), including reasons for no interest. We extracted patient responses from the EHR.

RESULTS

Among 23,994 hospitalizations over a 2-year period, 35.90% (8614/ 23,994) reported an interest in a Web-based portal. Reasons for no interest included the following: not interested/other reason 41.68% (6410/15,380), no ability to use/access computers/internet 29.59% (4551/15,380), doesn’t speak English 11.15% (1715/15,380), physically or mentally unable 8.70% (1338/15,380), does not want to say 8.70% (1338/15,380), security concerns 0.03% (4/15,380), and not useful 0.16% (24/15,380). Among the 16,507 unique patients included in this sample, portal interest was lower in older, African American, non-English speaking, and homeless patient populations.

CONCLUSIONS

In a safety-net system, patient interest at the time of hospitalization in a Web-based enterprise portal—a required step before enrollment—is low with significant disparities by sociodemographic characteristics. To avoid worsening the digital divide, new strategies are needed and should be embedded within routine workflows to engage vulnerable safety-net patients in the use of Web-based health technologies.
Usability Challenges for Health and Wellness Mobile Apps: Mixed-Methods Study Among mHealth Experts and Consumers (Preprint)
Authors: Liew Mei Shan , Zhang Jian , See Jovis , Ong Yen Leng
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

By 2019, there will be an estimated 4.68 billion mobile phone users globally. This increase comes with an unprecedented proliferation in mobile apps, a plug-and-play product positioned to improve lives in innumerable ways. Within this landscape, medical apps will see a 41% compounded annual growth rate between 2015 and 2020, but paradoxically, prevailing evidence indicates declining downloads of such apps and decreasing “stickiness” with the intended end users.

OBJECTIVE

As usability is a prerequisite for success of health and wellness mobile apps, this paper aims to provide insights and suggestions for improving usability experience of the mobile health (mHealth) app by exploring the degree of alignment between mHealth insiders and consumers. 

METHODS

Usability-related major themes were selected from over 20 mHealth app development studies. The list of themes, grouped into 5 categories using the Nielsen usability model, was then used as a framework to identify and classify the responses from mHealth expert (insider) interviews. Responses from the qualitative phase were integrated into some questions for a quantitative consumer survey. Subsequently, categorical data from qualitative mHealth insider interviews and numerical data from a quantitative consumer survey were compared in order to identify common usability themes and areas of divergence.

RESULTS

Of the 5 usability attributes described in Nielsen model,  Satisfaction ranked as the top attribute for both mHealth insiders and consumers. Satisfaction refers to user likability, comfort, and pleasure. The consumer survey yielded 451 responses. Out of 9 mHealth insiders’ top concerns, 5 were similar to those of the consumers. On the other hand, consumers did not grade themes such as Intuitiveness as important, which was deemed vital by mHealth insiders. Other concerns of the consumers include in-app charges and advertisements.

CONCLUSIONS

This study supports and contributes to the existing pool of mixed-research studies. Strengthening the connectivity between suppliers and users (through the designed research tool) will help increase uptake of mHealth apps. In a holistic manner, this will have a positive overall outcome for the mHealth app ecosystem.
Temporal Stability of Smartphone Use Data: Determining Fundamental Time Unit and Independent Cycle (Preprint)
Authors: Pan Yuan-Chien , Lin Hsiao-Han , Chiu Yu-Chuan , Lin Sheng-Hsuan , Lin Yu-Hsuan
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Assessing human behaviors via smartphone for monitoring the pattern of daily behaviors has become a crucial issue in this century. Thus, a more accurate and structured methodology is needed for smartphone use research.

OBJECTIVE

The study aimed to investigate the duration of data collection needed to establish a reliable pattern of use, how long a smartphone use cycle could perpetuate by assessing maximum time intervals between 2 smartphone periods, and to validate smartphone use and use/nonuse reciprocity parameters.

METHODS

Using the Know Addiction database, we selected 33 participants and passively recorded their smartphone usage patterns for at least 8 weeks. We generated 4 parameters on the basis of smartphone use episodes, including total use frequency, total use duration, proactive use frequency, and proactive use duration. A total of 3 additional parameters (root mean square of successive differences, Control Index, and Similarity Index) were calculated to reflect impaired control and compulsive use.

RESULTS

Our findings included (1) proactive use duration correlated with subjective smartphone addiction scores, (2) a 2-week period of data collection is required to infer a 2-month period of smartphone use, and (3) smartphone use cycles with a time gap of 4 weeks between them are highly likely independent cycles.

CONCLUSIONS

This study validated temporal stability for smartphone use patterns recorded by a mobile app. The results may provide researchers an opportunity to investigate human behaviors with more structured methods.
Development of a Phone Survey Tool to Measure Respectful Maternity Care During Pregnancy and Childbirth in India: Study Protocol (Preprint)
Authors: LeFevre Amnesty E , Scott Kerry , Mohan Diwakar , Shah Neha , Bhatnagar Aarushi , Labrique Alain , Dhar Diva , Chamberlain Sara , Ved Rajani
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Respectful maternity care (RMC) is a key barometer of the underlying quality of care women receive during pregnancy and childbirth. Efforts to measure RMC have largely been qualitative, although validated quantitative tools are emerging. Available tools have been limited to the measurement of RMC during childbirth and confined to observational and face-to-face survey modes. Phone surveys are less invasive, low cost, and rapid alternatives to traditional face-to-face methods, yet little is known about their validity and reliability.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this study was to develop validated face-to-face and phone survey tools for measuring RMC during pregnancy and childbirth for use in India and other low resource settings. The secondary objective was to optimize strategies for improving the delivery of phone surveys for use in measuring RMC.

METHODS

To develop face-to-face and phone surveys for measuring RMC, we describe procedures for assessing content, criterion, and construct validity as well as reliability analyses. To optimize the delivery of phone surveys, we outline plans for substudies, which aim to assess the effect of survey modality, and content on survey response, completion, and attrition rates.

RESULTS

Data collection will be carried out in 4 districts of Madhya Pradesh, India, from July 2018 to March 2019.

CONCLUSIONS

To our knowledge, this is the first RMC phone survey tool developed for India, which may provide an opportunity for the rapid, routine collection of data essential for improving the quality of care during pregnancy and childbirth. Elsewhere, phone survey tools are emerging; however, efforts to develop these surveys are often not inclusive of rigorous pretesting activities essential for ensuring quality data, including cognitive, reliability, and validity testing. In the absence of these activities, emerging data could overestimate or underestimate the burden of disease and health care practices under assessment. In the context of RMC, poor quality data could have adverse consequences including the naming and shaming of providers. By outlining a blueprint of the minimum activities required to generate reliable and valid survey tools, we hope to improve efforts to develop and deploy face-to-face and phone surveys in the health sector.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR

DERR1-10.2196/12173
Classification of excluded or missing virology data from UK-wide influenza vaccine effectiveness studies (Preprint)
Authors: Webb Rebecca , Hriskova Mariya , Yonova Ivelina , Tripathy Manasa , Peters Sam , de Lusignan Simon
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Monitoring the effectiveness of the influenza vaccination programme within the UK is necessary in order to assess its clinical impact. Data are collected from general practice sentinel network computerised medical record (CMR) systems on patients from whom virology specimens have been taken for influenza. The data collected includes demographics, comorbidities, vaccine exposure and if patients have had a virology specimen taken. Unfortunately not all virology specimens collected can be used in the vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies conducted.

OBJECTIVE

To describe the proportion, reasons and any trends in virology specimen data collected but not used in influenza VE analyses, with the goal of defining strategies to reduce collection of specimens ineligible for use in VE studies.

METHODS

We examined UK influenza VE studies from the past 10 years and identified incidences where data were labelled unusable. We categorised reasons for not using data as: (1) Vaccination history: Missing or Uncertain categories (including patient not registered with the practice at the start of the season); (2) Swab timing: Not recorded; More than 7 days (historically over 29 days) after symptom onset or within 14 days of vaccination; (3) Laboratory: Not sufficient data for processing (e.g. no age), CT values; (4) Flu or vaccination type of no interest (including pandemic years). The proportion, reasons and trends for data loss were identified through descriptive statistics and graphical representations. We included an analysis of where other data had been available at the point of analysis but not used.

RESULTS

Over 30% (13292/41337) of virology specimen data was not used across all seasons. Data loss gradually began to decrease from 2014/15 onwards. Data loss were highest for flu or vaccination type of no interest and swab timing. Retrospective and prospective actions were identified to reduce data loss in future. Around 60% of samples could have been included if identifiable data were better shared between records.

CONCLUSIONS

The reasons for excluding samples and missing data varied, particularly prior to 2014; consistent categorisation was in place from 2014 onwards. Leaving aside the different issues around pandemic years, many of the virology swabs not included were due to suboptimal case selection by practices, but over half (58%) could have been included if identifiable data were better shared between data sources.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A