bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soluble curcumin prevents cadmium cytotoxicity in primary rat astrocytes by improving a lack of GFAP and glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase
Authors: Nedzvetsky V. S. , Sukharenko E. V. , Kyrychenko S. V. , Baydas G.
Published: February 2019

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal which is widespread in various environmental components. Moreover several occupational diseases have the complications that are related to Cd cytotoxicity. Low doses of Cd exposure could induce pathogenetic disturbances in several sensitive cells as result of its long biological half-life and accumulation in vital tissue types. Prolonged Cd exposure was determined as main factor in accumulation of this metal ion over time in the liver, kidneys and neural tissue cells. The neurotoxic effect of Cd was presented in several articles which reported both in vivo and in vitro study. One of the main causes of Cd neurotoxicity is the ability of this ion to increase the permeability of the blood brain barrier. Despite a focus of attention on Cd cytotoxicity over the last few decades, the effect of Cd in neural tissue cells has been presented in a limited number of articles. The neurotoxic effect of Cd is accompanied by biochemical changes as well as a lack of functional activity of the central nervous system. Taking into account that the cytotoxic effect of Cd is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and selective cell death, antioxidants could be used to protect neural tissue cells against both chronic and acute Cd exposure. Antioxidants protect diverse cell types against metal induced cytotoxicity. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol which exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. Soluble forms of cucrcumin can penetrate the blood brain barrier and protect neural tissue cells against detrimental effects of cytotoxic compounds. Glial cells are the most numerous cell population in CNS. Astrocytes possess the ability to protect the neuronal cells against cytotoxicity and maintain CNS functions. The cytoskeleton of astrocytes is constructed with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). GFAP is involved in essential functions of astrocytes and reflects astrocyte reactivity. The molecular mechanisms of the neurotoxic effect of Cd on glial cytoskeleton remain unknown. Primary astrocyte cell culture was used as model to assess the gliotoxic effect of Cd as well as the potency of low doses of soluble curcumin to ameliorate the neurotoxic effect of Cd. The obtained results demonstrated depletion of GFAP and glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) in astrocytes treated with 10 µM Cd. The exposure to 5 µM curcumin ameliorated the expression both of GFAP and G6PD in Cd suppressed astrocytes. Moreover, low doses of soluble curcumin significantly prevented the detrimental effects of Cd on cell viability and indices of oxidative stress. The obtained results are evidence that soluble forms of curcumin improve astrocyte viability, cytoskeleton depletion and glucose utilization pathway. Thus, soluble curcumin possesses a neuroprotective effect directed on astrocyte cytoskeleton and metabolic energy production.
Optimization of Ginkgo biloba cultivation technology in open soil conditions
Authors: Kovalenko I. M. , Klymenko G. О. , Yaroschuk R. А. , Fedorchuk М. І. , Lykholat O. A.
Published: February 2019

In recent years, interest in cultivating Ginkgo biloba L. as a medicinal plant has grown in Ukraine, and improvement of the technology of growing this plant in the conditions of the North-East of Ukraine is a relevant problem. The purpose of this article to present research on the morphological structure, growth and viability of young G. biloba plants in grown from seeds by different technologies and comparative analysis of growth and development of G. biloba plants under greenhouse conditions and on open soil. The experiment on G. biloba cultivation was initiated in 2014 in three variants (the plants were grown from the seeds). Variant No 1: G. biloba growing in a greenhouse at 60–80% humidity and temperatures not below +27 ºС; shading (shading level 60%) by green agronetting. Variant No 2: growing in open soil; shading (shading level 60%) by green agronetting; the climatic conditions were typical for Sumy region. Variant No 3: growing in open soil; there was no shading; climatic conditions were typical for the Sumy region. Plant analysis was conducted in June 2018. The following morphometric parameters of G. biloba plants were measured: plant height, annual growth of shoots, number of leaves, leaf size and leaf area, phytomass of the shoots, phytomass of leaves and phytomass of the stem, diameter of the shoots. The sampling used 60 samples. The leaf area was determined by the method of drawing contours on millimeter paper. Statistical processing of research results was carried out by generally accepted modern methods of mathematical statistics using dispersion, correlation, regression and vital analysis. In the conditions of the Ukrainian North East, G. biloba seedlings can be grown successfully in greenhouses and open soil, both with 60% shade by agronetting and without it. Differences between the plants grown in such conditions are insignificant and statistically unreliable. The obtained three to four year old G. biloba seedlings grown using different technologies were 25–30 cm in height and formed 13–17 leaves per plant. The seedlings were of quite high viability (Q is 0.22–0.30) and morphostructural integrity (67.8%). The output of viable seedlings (vital classes “a” and “b”) in variant 1 was 60%, variant 2 45% and variant 3 60%. Ecological-cenotic stability of G. biloba was observed repeatedly, though certain limitations on G. biloba cultivation may be that the plant is photophilic and thermophilic. But the conducted experiments show that the climatic conditions of the Ukrainian North-East are quite favourable for this species. Based on the data obtained for the Ukrainian North-East, it is possible to recommend the technology of growing G. biloba seedlings in open soil without agronetting as quite effective and low-cost.
Enzyme protection systems of erythrocytes in conditions of ascorbate recirculation and oxidative loading
Authors: Dotsenko O. I. , Taradina G. V. , Voronych M. V.
Published: February 2019

Vitamin C was shown to partially protect red blood cells from oxidative changes during storage by noticeable reduction of mechanical fragility and hemolysis. In order to maintain the content of ascorbate in the reconstituted form in plasma, the latter is involved in a number of oxidative-reducing processes within red blood cells. This work is a continuation of studies of the effects of ascorbate on the metabolic processes that maintain the viability of red blood cells. Human red blood cells were incubated for five hours at 25 ºC in the oxidizing media system 1 1.0 · 10–4 M ascorbic acid (AscH), 5 · 10–6 M Cu2+, Na-phosphate buffer (0.015 M, pH 7.4), 0.15 M NaCl, and system 2, that contained o-phenanthroline at a concentration of 1.0 · 10–4 M in addition to the components of system 1 medium. For these cells, the changes in the content of reduced glutathione, glutathione enzyme activity, and the state of the membrane electron transport NADH: ferricyanide reductase were determined in time. The obtained data indicate that red blood cells undergo significant oxidative stress under the influence of the oxidative medium. During the first incubation period of erythrocytes in the AscH-Cu2+ environment, the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase reached the maximum values, indicating the presence of H2O2 in the cell and the activation of lipid peroxidation processes. Glutathione-S-transferase activity remained above the control level throughout the entire study period. The activity of glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was reduced. The oxidative loading of erythrocytes in the presence of o-phenanthroline was lower, the development of oxidative stress occurred in 90 minutes, but the binding of the o-phenanthroline complexes of Cu2+ to the membrane modified the SH-group of membrane proteins and this reduced the transport capabilities of the dehydroascorbate transporters and the electron transmembrane system, the consequence of which may be the accumulation of oxidized forms of ascorbate outside. We detected the participation of CO-signaling mechanism in hemoglobin deglutathionylation and increase in the content of glutathione. In this work we discuss the role of metabolic reprogramming in red blood cells through thiol-disulfide exchange as a mechanism that can be involved into adaptive responses aimed at counteracting stress in mammalian tissues.
Age-related characteristics of spectral bioelectric activity of the trophotropic zone of the hypothalamus in female rats
Authors: Mukvych V. V. , Lyashenko V. P. , Lukashov S. M.
Published: February 2019

The purpose of the study was to determine the functional state of the trophotropic zone of the hypothalamus in female rats of different age groups according to bioelectric activity indices. Experiments were carried out on non-linear white outbred female rats. Animals were divided into IV groups: I group (2.5 months) the juvenile puberty period, II group (eight months) the young age of the reproductive period, III group (fourteen months) the mature age of the reproductive period, IV group (21 months) rats of presenile age of the pronounced senile changes period. Rats of the studied groups underwent Electric Hypothalamus Test (EGtG) of the trophotropic zone. The prevalence of low-frequency components of EGtG in female rats of the juvenile age and the domination of bioelectric activity in the delta range of the investigated hypothalamic region is determined. The young age in females was marked by an increase in all values of normalized spectral power, except the theta-like activity, which in turn was characterized by a possible decrease in the indices. In female rats, from young to presenile age, a gradual increase in the share of absolute power of high-frequency components of EGtG was observed, which was manifested in the functional activation of desynchronizing effect on bioelectric activity of the investigated hypothalamic region. There was an increase in theta-like and beta-like activity while there was a reduction in the percentage of alpha and especially delta wave power. In the female rats of the presenile age, the delta-like activity indices slightly recovered and exceeded those of mature female rats, theta and alpha-like activities underwent a significant decline in values and were represented by the lowest values, while beta-like activity was observed at the highest rates. However, it was precisely the mature female rats that showed a significant predominance of beta-like activity, which is evidence of the powerful desynchronizing mechanisms functioning. Electrophysiological indices indicate synaptic plasticity growth deficiency in female rats of the youngest age and factors of its degradation in those of presenile age, respectively. The power and the desynchronization rhythms representation increase is characteristic of the most productive age period with the most developed neurosynapticplasticity inherent to it.
In Vitro Assessment of Biofield Energy Healing Treatment on Hair Growth by Enhanced Proliferation of Human Follicular Dermal Papilla Cells (HFDPCs)
Authors: Trivedi Dahryn , Jana Snehasis
Published: February 2019

Patterned hair loss or androgenic alopecia is a disorder affecting millions of peoples, in which hair sheds without adequate regrowth. Authors propose a new approach to increase hair growth. In this study, authors examined the in vitro potential of the Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treated test items, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) on the Human Follicular Dermal Papilla Culture Cells (HFDPC) for the assessment of growth and development. The test items (DMEM) were divided into three parts. First part did not receive any sort of treatment and defined as the untreated DMEM group. The second and third parts were treated with the one-time and two-times Biofield Energy Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi and coded as the one-time Biofield Energy Treated DMEM (BT-I) and two-times Biofield Energy Treated DMEM (BT-II) groups, respectively. The Biofield Energy Healing Treatment was provided by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer (The Trivedi Effect®), remotely for ~5 minutes under standard laboratory conditions through unique energy transmission process. The experimental results showed that one-time Biofield Energy Treated DMEM showed 70.24% and two-times Biofield Energy Treated DMEM significantly (p ≤ 0.001) increased the proliferation of dermal papilla cells by 207.62% as compared to the untreated DMEM group. The overall results demonstrated that the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment significantly increased the proliferation of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells in vitro. Therefore, the Consciousness Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treatment might be useful as a hair growth promoter in vivo against different types of skin injuries, hair disorders, and opens new research venues.
Spatial and Social Discontinuities in Burial Practice and the Privatisation of Mortuary Space in Bronze Age Cyprus
Authors: Webb Jennifer M.
Published: February 2019

This paper looks at spatial and social discontinuities in burial practice and in the intensity with which burial places became contested spaces in Bronze Age Cyprus. Early and Middle Bronze Age cemeteries are typically viewed as communal landscapes associated with ancestral claims to place and community, a process that involved varied levels of social negotiation and posturing linked at some sites with ritual and material culture elaboration and the likely use of some tombs as mortuary shrines. In the Late Bronze Age there was a shift, in some settlements, to intramural burial. This 'privatisation' of mortuary space has been linked with the rise of more rigid political and economic structures and the development of an 'urban mindset'. The public/private dichotomy across the Middle to Late Bronze Age transition, however, appears to have been overstated. While earlier, relatively fluid associations did give way to more structured relationships, likely reducing the need for community-wide strategies of affiliation, this did not happen evenly across the island and at many settlements it did not happen at all. The boundary between intraand extramural burial, furthermore, was never absolute and the inclusive egalitarian village cemetery may never have been a reality, with the dead perhaps always viewed as belonging to lineage groups rather than to a wider ancestral community. Variations in the place value of burial are visible throughout the Bronze Age and the apparent shift to intramural burial is likely to have been determined by historically contingent circumstances rather than changes in ideology or emerging notions of privacy or hierarchy.
The Obsidian Evidence for Trans-maritime Interactions in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Moutsiou Theodora
Published: February 2019

This study presents an overview of obsidian use from archaeological sites located on the island of Cyprus and spanning the period broadly defined as the Aceramic Neolithic (ca. 8900-5200 Cal bc). Diachronic changes in the use of this exotic raw material are investigated through the study of the quantities, general typo-technological characteristics and context reflected in the obsidian assemblages. Traditionally, Cyprus has been regarded as a marginal and isolated region within the eastern Mediterranean until the appearance of copper metallurgy. However, the presence of artefacts made of obsidian from multiple sources located at least a few hundred kilometres distant suggests that the island's inhabitants during the Early Holocene engaged in an active social landscape both on the island and between the island and its neighbouring mainland. By using obsidian as a proxy for social communication, this study discusses the movement of obsidian objects between people, places and groups in the early prehistory of the eastern Mediterranean, and the social mechanisms of interaction between islands and mainlands at a time of change for the wider Mediterranean world.
Controllable Optical Properties of Multiple Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in Gaseous Atomic Media
Authors: Nguyen Huy Bang , Le Van Doai , Dinh Xuan Khoa
Published: February 2019

The advent of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) offered a new coherent material with exotic and controllable optical properties. Although, studies on single-EIT are described in detail for single-EIT, however, extension from single- to multi- EIT is currently of current interest due to it gains advantages in multi-channel optical communication, waveguides for optical signal processing and multi-channel quantum information processing. In this work, we review recent research works concerning multi-EIT and some related applications, as controlling group velocity of light, giant Kerr nonlinearity, optical bistability. A special attention of the review also gives for analytical interpretations of EIT spectrum, its dispersion and related applications such as EIT enhanced Kerr nonlinearity and optical bistability to give physics insight. From experimental point of view, a latest development for measuring multi-EIT spectrum and its dispersion in hot medium is presented and compared to theoretical analytical representations.
Revisión sistemática para el abordaje de síntomas desagradables gastrointestinales en cuidados paliativos
Authors: Jaramillo García Diana Marcela , Muñoz Olivar Carolina , Nuvan Sastoque Angie Nohelia , Benavides Acosta Fanny Patricia
Published: February 2019

Introducción: Este artículo de revisión sistemática pretende examinar en detalle la evidencia cientifica para el abordaje desde la enfermería, en el manejo de síntomas desagradables, gastrointestinales tales como: síndrome anorexia caquexia, disfagia, náuseas y vómito enfocado al cuidado paliativo, basados en el referente teórico del modelo revisado del manejo de síntomas de Marylin J. Dodd. Materiales y Métodos: La estrategia que se realizó fue la del sistema PICO, metodológicamente se estableció una pregunta la cual se contesta con la selección de los artículos que se realizó, continuando con la revisión sistemática se aplica la declaración (PRISMA), la investigación de los artículos fue realizada en las bases de datos Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Pubmed, Dialnet, Ebscohost, ProQuest y Elsevier. Dentro de los criterios de inclusión, se tuvo en cuenta principalmente los artículos que fomentan el manejo de los síntomas gastrointestinales en cuidado paliativo. Resultados: A pesar de que se evidencia los avances en conocimiento, se identifica que son insuficientes los estudios en este campo, mostrando la necesidad y la obligación de desarrollar el manejo y control de los síntomas desagradables gastrointestinales, el manejo del síntoma debe ser basado en: la experiencia del síntoma desde la percepción, evaluación y respuesta. Discusión: La evidencia muestra las diferentes maneras de abordar los síntomas desagradables gastrointestinales, con una mirada holística, en constante movimiento, resaltando que se debe intervenir, desde la dimensión espiritual, física y social. Conclusiones: La intención es contribuir con evidencia científica para abordar los síntomas desagradables gastrointestinales.Como citar este artículo: Jaramillo DMG, Muñoz CO, Nuvan ANS, Benavides FPA. Revisión sistemática para el abordaje de síntomas desagradables gastrointestinales en cuidados paliativos. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(1): e615. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i1.615
Inclusive and non-corrupt globalization
Authors: Sanabria-Landazábal Néstor Juan , González Osorio Ricardo
Published: February 2019

This editorial touches on the ethical problems of globalization and the spread of international criminal enterprises.ResumenEste editorial toca los problemas éticos de la globalización y la extensión de las empresas criminales internacionales.ResumoEste editorial aborda os problemas éticos da globalização e a disseminação de empresas criminosas internacionais.
Establishment of agile teams for software development: review of literature
Authors: Sáenz Blanco Fabiola , Gutiérrez Sierra Frederick , Ramos Rivera Julián Camilo
Published: February 2019

This review article aims to analyze one of the most important elements in the software industry: the conformation of self-managed work teams and the implementation of a planning, control and development methodology of software project.For that, a literature review was made, researching journal articles, graduation projects and books, among others, to know the software industry generalities worldwide, as well as the situation in Colombia, the conformation of self-managed work teams and the agile methodologies features for planning, executing and controlling development projects. The self-managed teams’ conformation eases communication and knowledge sharing, essential elements inside the software development industry since they allow the generation of an appropriate answer in front of the changes caused by the environment. Supporting on the Scrum development methodology, value for the stakeholders is obtained and a workflow is set, guided to improve project productivity and efficiency.ResumenEl presente artículo de revisión tiene como finalidad analizar uno de los elementos más importantes en la industria de software: La conformación de equipos autogestionados y la implementación de una metodología para la planeación, control y desarrollo de los proyectos de software. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en diferentes bases de datos académicas, con el fin de conocer las generalidades y estado de la industria de software, la conformación de equipos autogestionados y las características de las metodologías ágiles de desarrollo. La conformación de equipos autogestionados facilita la comunicación y transmisión de conocimiento, elementos fundamentales dentro de la industria de desarrollo, permitiendo generar una respuesta adecuada frente a los cambios ocasionados por el entorno. Apoyándose en la metodología de desarrollo Scrum, se obtiene valor para los Stakeholders y se establece un flujo de trabajo encaminado a mejorar la productividad y eficiencia del proyecto.ResumoEste artigo é uma revisão e análise de um dos elementos mais importantes da indústria de software: A criação de equipes auto-geridas e implementação de uma metodologia de planejamento, controle e desenvolvimento de projetos de software. Uma revisão da literatura em diferentes bancos de dados acadêmicos foi realizada a fim de conhecer generalidades e estado da indústria de software, a criação de equipamentos de auto-gestão e as características de metodologias ágeis de desenvolvimento. A formação de equipes auto-geridas facilita a comunicação e transmissão de conhecimento, elementos fundamentais dentro da indústria de desenvolvimento, permitindo gerar uma resposta adequada às mudanças causadas pelo ambiente. Com base na metodologia de desenvolvimento Scrum, o valor das partes interessadas é obtido e um fluxo de trabalho projetado para melhorar a produtividade e eficiência do projeto é estabelecida.
Value at risk using smoothing techniques: a proposal in the foreign exchange market
Authors: Reyes García Jorge Luis , Morales Castro Arturo
Published: February 2019

One of the main problems that are exposed companies and financial institutions in Mexico is the volatility in the exchange rate Peso/Dollar when operating or in the valuation of financial assets. This article analyzes and compares the behavior of value at risk [VAR] under three different methodologies: historical simulation, Monte Carlo Simulation and straightening. An application to the exchange rate in periods of Precrisis, Postcrisis and economic crisis of 2008 is performed to look at the implications of the VAR calculation. We conclude that the straightening VAR methodology is more accurate.ResumenUno de los principales problemas a los que se encuentran expuestas las empresas e instituciones financieras en México es la volatilidad en el tipo de cambio Peso/Dólar al realizar operaciones o en la valuación de activos financieros. En el presente artículo se analiza y se compara el comportamiento del Valor en Riesgo [VAR] bajo tres metodologías diferentes: Simulación Histórica, Simulación Montecarlo y Alisado. Se realiza una aplicación al tipo de cambio en los periodos de Precrisis, Crisis y Postcrisis económica de 2008 para observar las implicaciones del cálculo del Valor en Riesgo. Se concluye que la metodología del VAR alisado es más precisa.ResumoUm dos principais problemas que são expostos empresas e instituições financeiras no México é a volatilidade na taxa de câmbio Peso / dólar para executar operações ou valorização dos activos financeiros. Neste artigo vamos analisar o valor comportamento e comparados at risk [ VaR ] em três diferentes metodologias : Simulação histórica , Simulação de Monte Carlo e alisamento. é realizada uma aplicação à taxa durante os períodos de crise Pre, Crise crise económica e Pós 2008 para observar as implicações de Value at Risk cálculo . Concluiu- se que a metodologia VaR alisamento é mais preciso.
Influence of Biologically Inert Protective Coating Based on Pectin Substances on PUFA Quality and Shelf-Life of Frozen Fish
Authors: Gerasim A. , Patyukov S. , Patyukova N.
Published: February 2019

The influence of a biologically inert protective coating on the basis of low-esterified pectin substances (LEPS) on the qualitative indicators of frozen fish and its lipids is studied in this paper: organoleptic, physico-chemical, structural-mechanical and biochemical changes in fish of various methods of freezing during 240 days of cold storage. The limiting periods of storage of a silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) of different ways of freezing are established. The prolongation of the shelf life of refrigeration and the higher quality indices of frozen fish with the use of a protective coating based on low-esterified pectin substances is due to the reduction of shrinkage and inhibition of hydrolytic decomposition and oxidative damage of lipids by preventing the contact of the surface of frozen fish with oxygen in the air. In addition, when freezing fish in a calcium chloride solution, the LEPS-based coatings exhibit barrier properties, preventing the diffusion of calcium ions into the muscle tissue of the product. Such a mechanism of influence on the duration of fish storage of various methods of freezing during prolonged cold storage allows to obtain frozen fish with high quality indices and to substantially reduce losses during refrigerated storage.
Аналіз енергетичних показників конденсаторів холодильних установок з повітряним охолодженням
Authors: Стоянов П. Ф.
Published: February 2019

В статті виконано літературний огляд досліджень пов'язаних з удосконаленням теплообмінників з повітряним охолодженням, аналіз енергетичних показників конденсаторів з повітряним охолодженням, представлені основні напрямки підвищення їх енергетичної ефективності. Автором статті досліджено роботу повітряного конденсатора при зміні режимних параметрів його експлуатації, оцінено вплив робочого тіла холодильної установки на характеристики теплообмінника. Результати проведеного дослідження свідчать, що робоче тіло холодильної установки істотно впливає (до 9,2%) на показники теплової потужності обладнання в рівноцінних умовах експлуатації. Оцінено залежність витрати охолоджуючого повітря крізь теплообмінник, зміни необхідної потужності вентилятора від температури охолоджуючого повітря на вході в апарат за умови дотримання фіксованої температури конденсації хладону та теплової потужності конденсатору. Виявлено, що при підвищенні температурі зовнішнього повітря від 25 ºС до 28 ºС  відбувається підвищення енергоспоживання вентилятора серійного апарату на 250%. В роботі оцінено енергетичну ефективність конденсаторів повітряного охолодження в залежності від параметрів навколишнього середовища, сформовані рекомендації щодо оптимізації роботи теплообмінників з повітряним охолодженням.
Модель віброкиплячого шару сипких середовищ та її програмна реалізація
Authors: Русанов С. А. , Луняка К. В. , Коновалов Д. В. , Андрєєва А. А.
Published: February 2019

У статті представлена математична модель процесу віброкипіння, яка з єдиних позицій описує структуру й поведінку віброкиплячого шару в різних умовах, дозволяє спрогнозувати поведінку віброкиплячого шару в цілому для широкого спектру впливаючих чинників: фізичних властивостей сипкого матеріалу і газового середовища, геометрії робочого органу, параметрів вібрації, особливостей взаємодії фаз між собою і з вантажонесучими поверхнями. Одержана модель дозволяє автоматизувати обчислення з використанням мінімального набору вхідних даних. Одержані рівняння, які описують поведінку віброкиплячого шару як суцільного середовища з особливою реологією, в якій за рахунок підведеної зовнішньої вібрації розповсюджуються нелінійні хвилі деформації з періодичними змінами щільного і розпушеного стану. Створена система автоматизованого моделювання поведінки віброкиплячих шарів "Віброслой", яка дозволяє провести моделювання поведінки віброкиплячого шару сипкого матеріалу з урахуванням фізичних параметрів середовища й газової фази, параметрів вібрації, особливостей фільтрації газу і властивостей робочих органів для ефективного проектування устаткування з віброкиплячим шаром. Проведені тестові моделювання одиничного підкидання шару сипкого матеріалу, визначення швидкостей течії шару на вібруючих поверхнях із зіставленням з експериментальними даними. Показана можливість прогнозування параметрів сталих (стаціонарних течій) віброкиплячого шару на протяжних вібруючих поверхнях.
Epidemiological and clinical aspects of a sample of Brazilian patients with primary dystonia and the impact of the new classification on their clinical evaluation
Authors: Bezerra Torben Cavalcante , Novaretti Nathália , Cunha Ana Luiza Nunes , Pereira Márcio Alexandre Pena , Oliveira Daniel Sabino de , Brito Manuelina Capelari Marcuz , Pimentel Ângela Vieira , Tumas Vitor
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT Dystonia is a relatively common movement disorder but some of its epidemiological and clinical aspects have not been well characterized in Brazilian patients. Also, a new clinical classification for the disorder has been proposed and its impact on clinical practice is unclear. We aimed to describe the clinical and demographic characteristics of a Brazilian series of patients with primary dystonia, to estimate its local prevalence, and to explore the impact of using a new classification for dystonia. We identified 289 patients with primary dystonia over a 12-month period, of whom235 underwent a detailed evaluation. Patients with primary dystoniamade up one-sixth of all patients evaluated at the service where the study was conducted, with an estimated local prevalence of 19.8/100,000 inhabitants. The clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients were similar to those described elsewhere, with blepharospasm as the most common focal dystonia and most patients using sensory tricks that they judged useful on a day-to-day basis. The application of the new classification was easy and simple, and the systematic approach allowed for a better clinical characterization of our patients. We recognized two dystonic syndromes that were not described in the original article that proposed the classification, and suspected that the arbitrary distinction between generalized and multifocal dystonia seems not to be useful for patients with primary dystonia. In conclusion, the prevalence and clinical characteristics of our patients were not distinct from other studies and the new classification was shown to be practical and useful to characterize patients with dystonia.
Genes related to maintenance of autophagy and successful aging
Authors: Chaves Carolina Fioroto , Mazzotti Diego Robles , Cendoroglo Maysa Seabra , Ramos Luiz Roberto , Tufik Sergio , Silva Vanessa Cavalcante da , D'Almeida Vânia
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT Considering aging as a phenomenon in which there is a decline in essential processes for cell survival, we investigated the autophagic and proteasome pathways in three different groups: young, older and oldest old male adults. The expression profile of autophagic pathway-related genes was carried out in peripheral blood, and the proteasome quantification was performed in plasma. No significant changes were found in plasma proteasome concentrations or in correlations between proteasome concentrations and ages. However, some autophagy- and/or apoptosis-related genes were differentially expressed. In addition, the network and enrichment analysis showed an interaction between four of the five differentially expressed genes and an association of these genes with the transcriptional process. Considering that the oldest old individuals maintained both the expression of genes linked to the autophagic machinery, and the proteasome levels, when compared with the older group, we concluded that these factors could be considered crucial for successful aging.
Lonchocarpus cultratus (Vell.) A.V.G. Azevedo & H.C. Lima (Fabaceae) growth under different shade and water availability conditions
Authors: Barbeiro Caroline , Romagnolo Mariza Barion , Pastorini Lindamir Hernandez
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT Light and water availability are among the environmental factors that most influence plant growth and development. The ability to acclimate to shade and tolerate drought can be assessed by growth characteristics. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the effect of water availability and shading on the initial growth of Lonchocarpus cultratus, a tree species, common name ‘embira-de-sapo’, abundant in several areas of South and Southeastern Brazil. The experiment was arranged in a 3x2 factorial completely randomized design. The plants were kept under 0%, 50%, and 80% shading and two conditions of water availability (daily irrigation - ID and twice a week - NDI). The variables height, root length, dry biomass of leaves, stem, and root were evaluated at 30, 60 and 90 days after emergence (DAE). Total, a, and b chlorophyll, mycorrhizal colonization, and nodulation were determined. Death of young plants maintained at 0% NDI occurred at the beginning of growth. At 90 DAE, plants kept under 80% shading and ID showed the highest height and etiolated plants due to the reduction of light intensity in this treatment. Over the experimental period, 0% and 50% shaded plants irrigated daily had the highest percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, and nodulation was observed in all plants regardless of the treatment.
Development and maturation of mango fruits cv. ‘Ubá’ in Visconde do Rio Branco, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Authors: Silva Danielle Fabíola Pereira da , Salomão Luiz Carlos Chamhum , Pereira Laísse Danielle , Valle Karminne Dias do , Assunção Hildeu Ferreira da , Cruz Simério Carlos
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT Several criteria have been used to determine fruit maturity, which are based on the appearance and chemical composition of the produce at harvest time. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and physiological changes that occur during the development of mango cv. ‘Ubá’, aiming to determine the stages of fruit development until complete maturation. The experiment was carried out in an approximately 30-year-old orchard in Visconde do Rio Branco, MG (21º00'37"S, 42º50'26"W and 352 m altitude). Weekly, 25 fruits of 15 hoses were collected from the anthesis to the complete maturation in the plant. Samplings took place from August 2007 to January 2008. The characteristics evaluated were length, smaller and larger diameter; CO2 production; color parameters L*, a*, and b* of skin and pulp; fresh and dry mass (fruit, skin, pulp, and seed); solute leakage; pulp firmness; soluble solids (SS); titratable acidity (TA); SS/TA ratio; Vitamin C; carotenoids, starch, and soluble sugars. The development of mango fruit cv. ‘Ubá’ took 23 weeks. The developmental pattern fit a simple sigmoidal model. Fruits attached to the plant reached the respiratory climacteric stage between 20 and 21 weeks after anthesis.
Severidade de doenças foliares em mudas de cebola produzidas em túnel baixo
Authors: Marcuzzo Leandro Luiz , Duffeck Maíra Rodrigues , Haveroth Roberto , Eli Katiani , Nunes Régis Carlos Teodoro , Carvalho Jaqueline , Oliveira Robinson Jardel Pires de
Published: February 2019

RESUMO A produção de mudas de cebola na região do Alto Vale do Itajaí, SC ocorre predominantemente através de canteiros, onde as plantas ficam expostas aos fatores bióticos e abióticos que influenciam diretamente na sanidade foliar e no seu rendimento. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da cobertura dos canteiros com túnel baixo sobre o rendimento e a intensidade de doenças foliares. Os experimentos foram realizados nos anos de 2012 e 2013 no Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus de Rio do Sul, SC. Os tratamentos foram com e sem o uso de túnel baixo. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e dez plantas avaliadas em cada repetição. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e se significativos comparados pelo teste de Tukey 5%. A massa fresca da parte aérea com o uso do túnel foram superiores em relação ao sistema convencional em 127,38% e 125,40% no ano de 2012 e 2013 respectivamente. Em 2012 ocorreu uma diferença de 42,88% na área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD) da queima das pontas e no ano de 2013 uma diferença de 87,27% e 85% na AACPD e severidade final respectivamente para o míldio. As mudas produzidas em canteiros com túnel baixo apresentaram superioridade no rendimento e sanidade foliar em relação às obtidas no sistema de produção convencional.
Distribuição espaço - temporal de sclerotinia sclerotiorum em campo de feijoeiro tratado com diferentes métodos de controle foliar
Authors: Rocha Iara Silva , Silva Jakelinny Martins , Silva Anderson Rodrigo , Rietjens Anderson Rodrigues , Lemes Natanael Marcos , Paz-Lima Milton Luíz da
Published: February 2019

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a distribuição espaço-temporal de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum em campo de feijoeiro tratado com diferentes métodos de controle foliar. O feijão cultivar Pérola foi cultivado em regime de Pivô Central [safra de inverno (seca), 2015] na Fazenda São José, Cristalina, Góias. Foram aplicados nove tipos de tratamentos representados por fungicidas e agentes de controle biológico, ministrados em quatro aplicações, conduzidas em seis blocos (DBC), totalizando 54 unidades experimentais. Na área experimental avaliou-se a distribuição espacial do inóculo infuenciado pelos tratamentos aos 39 dias após o plantio (DAP), 46 DAP, 53 DAP, 60 DAP, 67 DAP e 74 DAP. Para este estudo avaliou-se a incidência do mofo-branco (%IMB) nos quadrantes (36 m2), sendo calculado a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD) e a produtividade (P) aos 87 DAP. Os valores de %IMB, AACPD e P foram organizados em matrizes X(m), Y(m) e Z (%) para construção de mapas de distribuição. Tanto no ciclo vegetativo como reprodutivo da cultura, os focos de incidência da doença mudaram de posição espacial e aumentaram aleatoriamente a incidência miceliogênica e carpogênica na área avaliada. O emprego de medidas sanitárias de controle do mofo branco influencia na dinâmica de dispersão do mofo-branco do feijoeiro.
Development and validation of a standard area diagram set to evaluate bacterial blight on yellow passion fruit leaves
Authors: Monzani Rodrigo Martins , Silva Grazieli Araldi da , Nutter Junior Forrest , Duarte Henrique da Silva Silveira , Mio Louise Larissa May De
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT Bacterial blight is one of the most important diseases of yellow passion fruit. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a set of standard area diagram (SADs) to improve the accuracy and precision of bacterial blight severity assessments on yellow passion fruit leaves. The proposed SADs, composed of illustrations of symptomatic leaves with nine severity levels (1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 62%), were evaluated by 15 raters. Accuracy, precision and reliability of the SADs were validated by quantifying and comparing the assessments performed by 15 raters with and without the use of SADs. The SADs improved accuracy (coefficient of bias, Cb = 0.940 without SADs and 0.967 with SADs), precision (correlation coefficient, r = 0.901 without SADs and 0.949 with SADs) and overall agreement (Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient, ρc = 0.863 without SADs and 0.935 with SADs) of severity estimates. Inter-rater reliability also significantly improved when the SADs were used (coefficient of determination, R2 = 0.717 without and R2 = 0.880 with the SADs; intra-class correlation, ρ = 0.798 without and ρ = 0.926 with the SADs). The developed SADs improved accuracy, precision and reliability of disease severity assessments and are recommended as an aid to assess bacterial blight on yellow passion fruit leaves.
Estudo observacional do efeito de fluazinam sobre a produtividade da cultura da soja – Metanálise
Authors: Tupich Fernando Luiz Buss , Canteri Marcelo Giovanetti , Tsukahara Rodrigo Yoiti , Silva André Luis da , Fantin Lucas Henrique
Published: February 2019

RESUMO O fungo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum incide sobre a cultura da soja causando danos em sua produtividade. Entretanto, a quantificação de tais danos ainda demanda estudos, devido à interação com o ambiente em que o desenvolvimento da doença se insere. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo quantificar em estudos observacionais, através de metanálise, a influência que o patógeno exerce sobre a cultura da soja e analisar a viabilidade do controle químico do mesmo com o fungicida fluazinam. Conduziram-se 121 estudos observacionais durante as safras 2011/2012 a 2014/2015 em que cada estudo consistia de uma parcela aplicada e outra sem aplicação do fungicida fluazinam. Agrupando-se os estudos por cultivares e safra de cultivo, estabeleceram-se 16 entradas de dados (K = 16) para condução de metanálise em modelos aleatórios. Observou-se que há diferença entre as respostas das cultivares avaliadas em produtividade em resposta a aplicação do fungicida. Ainda, como estimativa metanalítica, constatou-se que há resposta positiva em 243,44 kg.ha-1 com amplitude de 142,83 a 344,05 kg.ha-1. Para a região estudada, no sul do Paraná, a probabilidade de haver qualquer acréscimo de produtividade foi de 88,3%, sendo que para aumento em 60, 120, 300, 600 Kg.ha-1 as mesmas foram 81,5; 72,7; 69,9; 39,1 e 4,1 %, respectivamente. Considerando-se R$ 70,00 o custo da saca e R$ 160,00.ha-1 o custo da aplicação do fungicida, estimou-se em 69,9 % a probabilidade de retorno financeiro, quando utilizado o mesmo. Assim, a aplicação de fluazinam contribuiu no acréscimo de produtividade de soja frente à incidência de S.scleotiorum.
Geostatistical analysis of bacterial blight in coffee tree seedlings in the nursery
Authors: Belan Leônidas Leoni , Pozza Edson Ampélio , Alves Marcelo de Carvalho , Freitas Marcelo Loran de Oliveira
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT In nurseries of coffee tree seedlings (Coffea arabica), there are favorable conditions for bacterial blight epidemics (Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae). Studying the spatial distribution of diseased plants can help in the adoption of management strategies. Likewise, geostatistics has been applied to shape the spatial distribution and study epidemiological aspects of plant diseases. Thus, this study was developed to characterize the spatial distribution pattern of bacterial blight in a nursery of coffee tree seedlings. The disease progress was monitored over time in 704 seedlings organized in lines and columns in a nursery. Considering the mean diameter of the pots used for producing seedlings, georeferencing was carried out in Cartesian coordinate system for the seedlings in the nursery. The disease incidence data were subjected to non-spatial exploratory analysis and geostatistical analysis. The spherical isotropic semivariogram model was adjusted to the data and data interpolation was performed by ordinary kriging to visualize the spatial distribution of symptomatic seedlings. Bacterial blight epidemic was detected in the nursery during the experimental period, and there was variability and spatial dependence in relation to the distribution of diseased seedlings. As the epidemic progressed, the population of diseased plants increased, as well as the number and the size of the foci and their coalescence. Besides, there was an increase in the range value, sill and nugget effect. The kriging maps showed the disease progress and its variance. The bacterial blight epidemic of coffee tree started with a random spatial distribution pattern, progressing to an aggregate pattern.
Development of a single uredinium inoculation method for Puccinia kuehnii, the causal agent of sugarcane orange rust
Authors: Porto Lis Natali Rodrigues , Urashima Alfredo Seiiti
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT The use of resistant varieties is the ideal method to control rusts. Nevertheless, knowing the pathogen’s diversity is fundamental to the success of this measure. Diversity can be analyzed phenotypically and/or genotypically. For phenotypic diversity, the reaction of genotypes is assessed by means of inoculations of the pathogen generally obtained from several uredinia. One handicap of this technique is its impossibility to detect diversity among these uredinia, assuming that they are all homogenous. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop a single uredinium technique for Puccinia kuehnii to be used in studies of rust diversity in sugarcane. The comparison between the two inoculation methods was done by employing urediniospores from SP89-1115 on the varieties SP89-1115 (susceptible) and RB975201 (resistant). The adopted design was completely randomized with five and seven replicates, respectively, examining incubation, latency, disease score, and injured area at 14 and 21 days. The two inoculation techniques were significantly equal for the susceptible variety, considering all evaluated parameters. For the resistant genotype, a significant difference was identified in the injured area and such difference did not interfere in the classification of the reaction of the material since values were below 1%. The single uredinium technique developed in this study showed to be reliable since the genotypic profile of the inoculated fungus was similar to that of pathogens from the produced lesions.
War and international trade: Impact of trade disruption on international trade patterns and economic development
Authors: KRPEC OLDRICH , HODULAK VLADAN
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT The disruptions of trade flows due to military conflicts leads to changes in economic structures of countries, to the subsequent changes in trade policies, and to the changes of established trade patterns with impact on position of countries in international trade system. This paper deals with three modern time’s conflicts: Napoleonic Wars, WWI and WWII. We argue that the changes resulting from the disruption of trade flows itself, leads to changes and shifts which are relatively permanent, independent on outcomes of the conflicts for individual countries, and do significantly affect regions which did not take part in the conflict.
Exchange rate policy, class conflict and economic development from Furtado’s view
Authors: BARBOSA LUCIO , MISSIO FABRICIO , JAYME JR. FREDERICO
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to analyze the contributions of Celso Furtado regarding the role of exchange rate policy and its relation to social conflict in the economic growth of peripheral economies. For that, we revisit Furtado’s analyses about the Venezuelan case and in The Economic Formation of Brazil. We highlight two main conclusions from such works: i) exchange rate appreciation due to a natural resources curse harms economic growth; ii) exchange rate policy is mainly a phenomenon associated with political economy, in which social conflict emerges. Hence, we claim that Furtado’s analyses are still significant today.