bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extracurricular physical exercise and self-education expectations among Chinese teenagers
Authors: Xiao Qin , Tang Fengyun
Published: February 2025

Drawing on data from 16,540 seventh and ninth graders from the China Education Survey (CES), the study employs descriptive statistics and Ordinal Logistic Regression (Ologit) models. These methods dissect the variances in self-education expectations among different youth groups and unravel the effects and heterogeneity of after-school physical exercises on these expectations. The study has two main findings: First, there is a marked difference in self-education expectations between adolescents who engage in extracurricular physical exercise and those who do not. Specifically, the group participating in these activities shows a 20.62% higher expectation than their non-participating peers, male students exhibit a 26.57% increase in self-education expectations, while female students show a 15.21% increase. Then, the impact of extracurricular physical exercise on self-education expectations is significantly influenced by cognitive abilities, academic performance, health status, confidence level, and family factors. The most pronounced effects are observed in self-confidence (b = 0.6490, p < 0.01), cognitive ability (b = 0.2363, p < 0.01), and health status (b = 0.1541, p < 0.01). The findings suggest that interventions to increase physical exercise among adolescents should be sensitive to the diverse needs of different demographic groups and consider the key role of familial background and socio-economic conditions.
Progress of in situ conservation and use of crop wild relatives for food security in a changing climate: a case of the underutilised Vigna Savi
Authors: Manda Leonard , Idohou Rodrigue , Agoyi Eric Etchikinto , Agbahoungba Symphorien , Salako Kolawolé Valère , Agbangla Clement , Adomou Aristide Cossi , Assogbadjo Achille Ephrem
Published: February 2025

Crop wild relatives (CWRs) - wild plant taxa genetically closely related to domesticated plants - are considered an alternative pathway to solving global food insecurity in a changing climate. However, their potential contribution is undermined by fundamental knowledge gaps in taxa diversity, distributions, taxonomic affiliations, conservation strategies, and valuable traits. To address these gaps, we reviewed the literature on the progress made between 2000 and 2021 in support of in situ conservation and use of CWRs under the changing climate in five thematic areas focusing on the genus Vigna: (1) species diversity, global distribution, conservation status, gene pools, and importance of the genus; (2) CWR-in situ conservation-protected area debate; (3) cultivation and domestication of CWR populations; (4) adaptive response to drought stress; and (5) adaptive response to Striga stress. We report that 104 Vigna CWR species in five subgenera, Ceratotropis, Haydonia, Lasiosporon, Plectotropis, and Vigna, are distributed mostly in Africa and Asia. Nine species are domesticated while six are threatened. Vigna gene pools remain poorly understood. Many Vigna CWRs provide various ecosystem services for human and environmental health. Attention is increasing towards in situ conservation of CWRs, within and outside protected areas, and complemented by ex situ conservation approaches. Several Vigna CWR taxa exhibit good agronomic traits for potential cultivation and neo-domestication. Many taxa have demonstrated tolerance to drought stress and race-specific Striga resistance. We conclude that if effectively conserved and used, Vigna CWRs can contribute to sustainable and climate-resilient food systems, either as wild edible plants, new plants for neo-domestication or novel sources of genetic material for use in pre-breeding programmes to improve the resilience, quantity and quality of Vigna domesticates under the changing climate. This study could stimulate further research and policy change for effective CWR conservation and use for sustainable food security in a changing climate.
Impact of different nutrient management strategies on growth, yield components and yield of coloured cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cv. Vaidehi 1
Authors: Selvakumar Selvaraj , Ragavan Thiruvengadam , Gurusamy Arumugam , Prabhaharan James , Gunasekaran Mahalingam , Sivakumar Thangasamy , Subramanian Elangovan , Rani Suramani , Arthirani Bangaru , Sathishkumar Arumugam , Hussainy Syed Abul Hassan
Published: February 2025

Cotton (Gossypium spp.), often referred to as “white gold” and “the king of fibers”, is a major commercial fiber crop cultivated across various agroclimatic conditions, primarily used in the textile industry to manufacture fabrics. However, conventional white cotton production is associated with several environmental challenges including excessive water consumption, reliance on synthetic chemicals and the use of synthetic dyes, which contribute to soil degradation, water pollution and health hazards for farmers. In contrast, organic coloured cotton presents a sustainable alternative by naturally producing coloured fibres without the need for synthetic dyes. Additionally, it enhances soil fertility, conserves water and minimizes chemical inputs, providing ecological benefits while supporting the well-being of farming communities. The field experiments were carried out at the Central Farm, Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, during the Kharif 2023 and Summer 2024 seasons. The present study aimed to evaluate the impacts of various nutrient management practices on the growth characteristics, yield attributes and yield of coloured cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cv. Vaidehi 1. The experiment was designed using a randomized block design with nine treatments based on N-equivalence using different organic manures compared to inorganic fertilizers and replicated three times. The results indicated a significant increase in the growth characters (plant height, number of vegetative branches plant−1 and number of fruiting branches plant−1), yield attributes (number of fruiting points plant−1, number of bolls plant−1, number of bolls m−2, boll setting % and boll weight) and yield (seed cotton yield, lint cotton yield, stalk yield and biological yield) of coloured cotton with the application of 100% NPK applied through site-specific recommendation (T2), which was statistically on par with 100% NPK through blanket recommendation (T1). These were followed by the organic treatments like complete organic package (T9), cover crop with vermicompost (T4), cover crop with poultry manure (T5) and all other organic treatments during both seasons. No significant variations were recorded in the first fruiting node, length of fruiting branches as well as harvest index and lint percentage across the different nutrient management strategies.
Case report: Reconstruction with thyrohyoidopexy in a dog presented with complete laryngo-tracheal separation
Authors: Dos-Santos José Diogo , Belo Luís , Monteiro Mariana , Mestrinho Lisa A.
Published: February 2025

A 2-year-old Norfolk Terrier purebred female dog was presented for urgent attention after strangulation secondary to elevator entrapment. The traumatic event caused a complex laryngopharyngeal lesion with total laryngotracheal and esophageal separation from the hyoid bone and pharynx. Reconstruction was performed from the posterior pharyngeal wall, and all layers, mucosa, muscles and ligaments were repaired. A thyrohyoidopexy was done using nonabsorbable sutures to reinforce the thyrohyoid membrane reconstruction and prevent reseparation in the immediate postoperative period. The patient's fully recovery was gradual but uneventful, with occasional cough resolving within 2 months.
Cytotoxic Responses Mediated by NK Cells and Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Xenotransplantation
Authors: Galdina Viktoriia , Puga Yung Gisella L. , Seebach Jörg D.
Published: February 2025

Xenotransplantation represents a potential solution to the shortage of organs for transplantation. The recent advancements in porcine genetic modification have addressed hyperacute and acute vascular rejection; however, challenges persist with regard to delayed xenograft rejection. Porcine endothelial cells (pECs) represent a crucial target in the context of xenograft rejection, which is mediated by cytotoxic lymphocytes. It is crucial to comprehend the manner in which human natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL) recognize and target pECs in order to develop efficacious prophylactic strategies against rejection. The objective of the present review is to synthesize the existing knowledge regarding the mechanisms and techniques employed to modulate xenogeneic responses mediated by human NK cells and CTL. We will elucidate recent methodological advancements, debate potential novel strategies, and emphasize the imperative necessity for further research and innovative approaches to enhance graft survival.
Pediatric Pneumonia Recognition Using an Improved DenseNet201 Model with Multi-Scale Convolutions and Mish Activation Function
Authors: Radočaj Petra , Radočaj Dorijan , Martinović Goran
Published: February 2025

Pediatric pneumonia remains a significant global health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where it contributes substantially to mortality in children under five. This study introduces a deep learning model for pediatric pneumonia diagnosis from chest X-rays that surpasses the performance of state-of-the-art methods reported in the recent literature. Using a DenseNet201 architecture with a Mish activation function and multi-scale convolutions, the model was trained on a dataset of 5856 chest X-ray images, achieving high performance: 0.9642 accuracy, 0.9580 precision, 0.9506 sensitivity, 0.9542 F1 score, and 0.9507 specificity. These results demonstrate a significant advancement in diagnostic precision and efficiency within this domain. By achieving the highest accuracy and F1 score compared to other recent work using the same dataset, our approach offers a tangible improvement for resource-constrained environments where access to specialists and sophisticated equipment is limited. While the need for high-quality datasets and adequate computational resources remains a general consideration for deep learning applications, our model’s demonstrably superior performance establishes a new benchmark and offers the delivery of more timely and precise diagnoses, with the potential to significantly enhance patient outcomes.
Analysis and Optimization Design of Moving Magnet Linear Oscillating Motors
Authors: Yu Minghu , Zhang Yuqiu , Lin Jiekun , Zhang Peng
Published: February 2025

Permanent Magnet Linear Oscillating Motors (PMLOMs) are popular in micro-positioning systems, biomedical devices, and refrigeration compressors due to their simple structure, high efficiency, rapid response, and quiet operation. This paper proposes a method for the analysis and optimization of electromechanical systems that employs a moving magnet linear oscillating motor. A simplified magnetic circuit method model was built to derive an electromagnetic thrust formula, and the initial design parameters of the motor and the thrust at the equilibrium position were calculated. Subsequently, a finite element model was developed, and a multi-objective optimization method was applied to refine the key dimensions of the motor to enhance its thrust characteristics. Furthermore, an analysis of the resonant characteristics of the electromechanical coupled system was conducted to identify the optimal operating frequency for the optimization scheme. Finally, the experimental validation of the optimized design was performed on a prototype, with the measured data showing a general correlation with the trends observed in the simulation analysis results. The effectiveness of this system analysis method was validated through experimental data. The results demonstrate that the thrust at the initial position is linearly correlated with both the outer arc radius of the permanent magnet and its mechanical pole arc coefficient. Additionally, the axial length of the outer stator, the axial spacing between the two outer stators, and the axial length of the magnets serve as key influencing parameters for the thrust characteristics within the effective stroke range. Furthermore, when the motor operates at its mechanical resonance frequency, it can attain the maximum efficiency.
A Minority Sample Enhanced Sampler for Crop Classification in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing Images with Class Imbalance
Authors: Cheng Jiapei , Huang Liang , Tang Bohui , Wu Qiang , Wang Meiqi , Zhang Zixuan
Published: February 2025

Deep learning techniques have become the mainstream approach for fine-grained crop classification in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing imagery. However, a significant challenge lies in the long-tailed distribution of crop samples. This imbalance causes neural networks to focus disproportionately on majority class features during training, leading to biased decision boundaries and weakening model performance. We designed a minority sample enhanced sampling (MES) method with the goal of addressing the performance limitations that are caused by class imbalance in many crop classification models. The main principle of MES is to relate the re-sampling probability of each class to the sample pixel frequency, thereby achieving intensive re-sampling of minority classes and balancing the training sample distribution. Meanwhile, during re-sampling, data augmentation is performed on the sampled images to improve the generalization. MES is simple to implement, is highly adaptable, and can serve as a general-purpose sampler for semantic segmentation tasks, functioning as a plug-and-play component within network models. To validate the applicability of MES, experiments were conducted on four classic semantic segmentation networks. The results showed that MES achieved mIoU improvements of +1.54%, +4.14%, +2.44%, and +7.08% on the Dali dataset and +2.36%, +0.86%, +4.26%, and +2.75% on the Barley Remote Sensing Dataset compared with the respective benchmark models. Additionally, our hyperparameter sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability and reliability of the method. MES mitigates the impact of class imbalance on network performance, which facilitates the practical application of deep learning in fine-grained crop classification.
Evaluation and Stability of Red and White Trifolium Species for Nutritional Quality in a Mediterranean Environment
Authors: Greveniotis Vasileios , Bouloumpasi Elisavet , Skendi Adriana , Korkovelos Athanasios , Kantas Dimitrios , Ipsilandis Constantinos G.
Published: February 2025

It is generally recognized that clovers represent a major nutrient used in ruminants’ diets due to their composition, which is high in protein content and low in fiber content. Investigating the nutritional quality of red and white clover genotypes, and classifying the genetic materials according to their primary quality attributes were the main goals of the current study. During a two-year experiment, we assessed their performance stability. Twelve red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and twelve white clover (Trifolium repens L.) genetic materials were cultivated in a randomized complete block experimental design. Crude protein (CP%), acid detergent fiber (ADF%) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF%) concentrations were measured, and the relative feed value (RFV) was calculated using the estimates of digestible dry matter (DDM%) and potential dry matter intake (DMI% of body weight) of the forage. The average CP% content for white clover varied between 17.18% (REP-4) and 20.55% (REP-9) during the two years of testing. Regarding the red clover, the populations PRA-4, PRA-3, PRA-5, and PRA-10 exhibited the highest CP% content (19.98%) and the lowest ADF% (less than 29%). Although the variation was stable across the years, the profile of this variation of CP, ADF, and NDF for each clover species differs. The CP% was related negatively to ADF% and thus positively to DDM in both species but not with the same allocation, forming different clusters. PRA-3 and PRA-4 for the red clover and REP-5 for the white clover genetic materials exhibited characteristics belonging to the other species studied regarding their content in protein and fiber. Because of their relationship, CP and DDM could be improved simultaneously by breeders. This study revealed that ROZETA and PRA-4 were more stable genetic materials in red clover, and GRASSLANDS HUIA, RIVENDEL, and REP-5 in white clover.
Data Ownership and Privacy in Dairy Farming: Insights from U.S. and Global Perspectives
Authors: Barton Richard , Burchard Javier , Cabrera Victor E. , Cook David , Cooley Walter , Cue Roger , Fadul Liliana , Mattison Jay , Saha Amit
Published: February 2025

In the evolving landscape of dairy farming, data ownership and privacy have become critical issues. This commentary paper delves into the complexities and implications of data management in the dairy industry, informed by insights from a multidisciplinary group of stakeholders. While the authors bring a U.S. perspective, the challenges discussed are globally relevant, given the dominant role of multinational corporations in shaping data practices across regions. The discussions, conducted through structured meetings and iterative online exchanges, emphasized the pressing legal and ethical concerns, the role of technology, and the necessity of developing comprehensive guidelines to safeguard data integrity and benefit all stakeholders. Key points include the global nature of data protection regulations, the potential of blockchain and IoT devices to enhance transparency, and the importance of equitable value distribution. By fostering an environment of transparency and fairness, the dairy industry can harness the power of data to drive innovation and sustainability while protecting the rights of those who generate it. This paper provides a pathway to address these challenges by raising awareness and proposing general actions for the industry’s future.
Effects of Dietary Copper Sources and Levels on Liver Copper Metabolism and the Expression of Transporters in Growing Pigs
Authors: Sun Rui , Li Meng , Zhang Tianrui , Yang Wenyan , Yang Lianyu
Published: February 2025

Research on the effects of organic and inorganic Cu sources on metabolic processes and mechanisms in pigs is lacking. This study investigated the effects of different copper (Cu) sources and levels on hepatic Cu metabolism and transporter factors in growing pigs. Sixty healthy piglets (initial body weight 14.00 ± 0.30 kg) were randomly divided into four groups with five replicates of three pigs each. Four diets (AM, AH, BM, and BH) had different Cu sources [Cu sulphate (CuSO4): A and Cu amino acids (Cu-AA): B] and levels [supplemented (120 mg/kg DM): M, supplemented (240 mg/kg DM): H]. The pre-feeding period was 7 days, followed by a 45-day feeding period. Slaughter and sample collection were carried out on the 46th day of the formal feeding period. Significant differences were considered at p < 0.05. The final weight and average daily gain (ADG) of growing pigs in the Cu-AA groups were significantly higher than those in the CuSO4 groups. Serum Cu increased with increasing Cu supplementation on days 20 and 40. Cu concentrations in muscle, liver, and liver subcellular organelles were higher in Cu-AA groups. In the CuSO4 groups, Cu concentrations were higher in kidneys and faeces. In Cu-AA groups, both the Cu concentrations in lysosomes and cytosol were higher, and the activities of cathepsin D (CTSD), β-glucosidase (BGL), and acid phosphatase (ACP) in lysosomes and cytoplasm were higher. Comparisons between groups showed that liver mRNA of copper transporter protein 1 (CTR1), ATPase copper-transporting beta (ATP7B), ceruloplasmin (CP), antioxidant protein 1 (ATOX1), and metallothionein (MT) was lower in the CuSO4 group than in the Cu-AA group, with the best performance at 120 mg/kg Cu. mRNAs for ATPase copper-transporting alpha (ATP7A), cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone 17 (COX17), and copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS) showed a decreasing trend in the Cu-AA groups. Cu-AA is better for Cu deposition, enhances the utilisation of Cu, reduces Cu excretion, and promotes the expression of relevant enzymes and transporters in the liver.
Endogenous Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA) and Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine (ADMA) Levels in Healthy Cows and Cows with Subclinical and Clinical Mastitis—A Comparative Study
Authors: Bronzo Valerio , Sala Giulia , Ciabattini Irene , Orsetti Chiara , Armenia Giovani , Meucci Valentina , De Marchi Lucia , Bertelloni Fabrizio , Sgorbini Micaela , Bonelli Francesca
Published: February 2025

Mastitis is one of the most frequent diseases in dairy farms and occurs in both clinical and subclinical forms, resulting in substantial economic losses. Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) are biomarkers that inhibit nitric oxide synthesis. Elevated ADMA levels are associated with an increased risk of mortality both in human medicine and in dogs and a potential need for intensive care, while SDMA correlates with poor prognoses in humans and the progression of renal disease in horses, though its impact varies depending on renal function. This study examines the plasma levels of ADMA and SDMA in healthy cows (H) and cows with subclinical mastitis (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM). Cows were classified as having mastitis when CMT > 1 and SCC ≥ 250,000 cells/mL. The SCM group showed no clinical signs or milk alterations, whereas the CM group exhibited udder and/or milk changes. The study included 196 blood samples to determine ADMA and SDMA concentrations, with 96 from healthy cows and 100 from pathological cows (58 SCM and 42 CM). The descriptive statistics were reported as the median because the data were not normally distributed (Shapiro–Wilk test). Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test with Bonferroni post hoc correction, and the cut-off and accuracy index were calculated using the gold-standard measurement, the SCC. Statistically significant differences in ADMA levels were observed between healthy cows (0.11 µmol/L) and cows with mastitis (SCM 0.26 µmol/L; CM 0.26 µmol/L), but no differences were found in their SDMA levels. The cut-off for ADMA was >0.164 µmol/L, with a sensitivity of 80.41% and specificity of 77.78%. This study suggests that the blood concentration of ADMA is statistically higher in cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis and could be further explored as a potential biomarker for diagnosing these diseases.
Recent Trends in Nanoantioxidants
Authors: Perra Matteo , Manca Maria Letizia
Published: February 2025

The term “oxidative stress” refers to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the antioxidant system, resulting in the increased formation of ROS and the reduced and/or inadequate efficiency of the physiological processes responsible for their elimination and homeostasis maintenance [...]
Design and Characteristics of Underwater Stacked Capacitive Power Transfer Coupler and Analysis of Propagation in Water Medium
Authors: Bang Kyeungwon , Park Sangwook
Published: February 2025

This study provides a theoretical analysis of how the electrical characteristics of the medium affect the propagation of electric fields. Every medium has specific electrical conductivity and permittivity values and can be evaluated as a good conductor or a good dielectric depending on the ratio of conduction current to displacement current. The strength of the electric field decreases significantly with the propagation distance due to the influence of high conductivity. In conclusion, even media with a high permittivity may be unsuitable for improving the performance of the capacitive power transfer (CPT) system depending on its conductivity. The analysis was verified for four types of water with different conductivities. In addition, we designed a stacked CPT coupler structure and analyzed its underwater transfer characteristics. In conclusion, unlike the parallel CPT coupler, the stacked CPT coupler is relatively disadvantageous for underwater use.
Techniques and Models for Addressing Occupational Risk Using Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks, Machine Learning, and Genetic Algorithms: A Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mitrakas Chris , Xanthopoulos Alexandros , Koulouriotis Dimitrios
Published: February 2025

This article aims to present a structured literature review that utilizes computational intelligence techniques, specifically fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and machine learning, to assist in the assessment of workplace risk from human factors. The general aim is to highlight the existing literature on the subject, while the specific goal of the research is to attempt to answer research questions that emerge after the review and classification of the literature, which are aspects that have not previously been addressed. The methodology for retrieving relevant articles involved a keyword search in the Scopus database. The results from the search were filtered based on the selected criteria. The research spans a 40-year period, from 1984 to 2024. After filtering, 296 articles relevant to the topic were identified. Statistical analysis highlights fuzzy systems as the technique with the highest representation (163 articles), followed by neural networks (81 articles), with machine learning and genetic algorithms ranking next (25 and 20 articles, respectively). The main conclusions indicate that the primary sectors utilizing these techniques are industry, transportation, construction, and cross-sectoral models and techniques that are applicable to multiple occupational fields. An additional finding is the reasoning behind researchers’ preference for fuzzy systems over neural networks, primarily due to the availability or lack of accident databases. The review also highlighted gaps in the literature requiring further research. The assessment of occupational risk continues to present numerous challenges, and the future trend suggests that fuzzy systems and machine learning may be prominent.
A New Low-Cost Compact Antenna for the 2.45 and 5.8 GHz ISM Bands
Authors: Assogba Ognadon , Bréard Arnaud , Duroc Yvan
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the design of a high-performance dual-band antenna for industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band applications. The proposed prototype consists of a low-cost patch antenna, 40 mm × 24 mm in size (i.e., 0.36λ0 × 0.19λ0, with λ0 the wavelength corresponding to the low frequency), with a relatively wideband for both operational bands (up to 140 MHz at 2.45 GHz and 510 MHz at 5.8 GHz), and a radiation efficiency of over 90%. The antenna has a quasi-omnidirectional radiation pattern with gains of 2.41 dBi and 5.22 dBi at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively. The design methodology is detailed and illustrated by simulation results showing the optimization steps and the characteristics associated with the antenna. Experimental results based on a fabricated prototype are presented and compared with simulation results from the design stage. Finally, the proposed antenna prototype is also compared with similar antennas available in the literature.
Distribution of Bacteriocin-like Substance-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria in Egyptian Sources
Authors: Maky Mohamed Abdelfattah , Ishibashi Naoki , Gong Xiao , Sonomoto Kenji , Zendo Takeshi
Published: February 2025

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known as producers of various antimicrobial compounds. Among these, bacteriocins have attracted considerable interest because of their potential use as natural food preservatives. The aim of this study was to identify potential strains from Egyptian sources that have unique antibacterial activity for possible future use. In this current study, 835 LAB strains were isolated from different Egyptian sources such as meat, salted fish, chicken byproducts, dairy products, and a starter for fermentation. The bacteriocin activity of cell-free culture supernatants was tested using the spot-on-lawn method against eight indicator strains. As a result, 237 isolates were found to produce bacteriocin-like substances (BLS). According to their antimicrobial spectra, they were classified into three groups: the broad spectrum group (2.1% of isolates), the middle spectrum group (15.2% of isolates), and the narrow spectrum group (82.7% of isolates). 16S rDNA sequencing showed that all isolates belonged to LAB strains such as Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Carnobacterium, Weissella, and Leuconostoc. Egyptian materials were found to be promising sources of bacteriocin-producing LAB. The BLS generated from LAB in this current work have a diverse antimicrobial spectrum against numerous bacterial hazards, including Listeria. The new strains identified in this study were shown to have characteristic antimicrobial spectra and can be used in the future as effective preservatives in the food industry.
Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of a Novel Crawling Pneumatic Soft Robot
Authors: Wu Huaqing , Han Yutong , Chen Xinyu , Lu Rong , Zhuang Erxing , Wu Huaping , Jiang Xiaodi , Tan Xiaojun , Cao Bo
Published: February 2025

Soft robots have shown great application potential in human–computer interaction, scientific exploration, and biomedical fields. However, they generally face issues like poor load capacity. Inspired by the propagation and movement mechanisms of ocean waves, this study proposes a novel type of pneumatically driven crawling soft robot. An automated pneumatic drive system was first constructed for driving and controlling the crawling soft robot, and then the soft robot body was made using additive manufacturing and silicone molding. Experimental testing of the robot’s performance revealed that it can move efficiently on surfaces with varying friction coefficients and has a strong load-bearing capacity. This work is expected to provide a reference for the design of other soft robots.
Comparison Between Micro- and Micro-Nano Surface Texturization in the Initial Osseointegration Process: An Experimental In Vitro and In Vivo Preclinical Study
Authors: Gehrke Sergio Alexandre , da Costa Eleani Maria , Júnior Jaime Aramburú , Eilers Treichel Tiago Luis , Del Fabbro Massimo , Scarano Antonio
Published: February 2025

Background: The physicochemical changes of the surface aim to improve cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, that is, better biological interaction with the cells and, consequently, with the peri-implant tissues. In the present study, implants with the same macrogeometry were compared in vitro and in vivo, but with two different surfaces: micro-rough and a new micro-nano-rough surface. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 implants were used, 10 of which were used for in vitro surface characterization (n = 5 per group) through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and surface roughness measurements. For in vivo tests, 80 implants (n = 40 per group) were used in 20 rabbits (n = 2 implants per tibia). Two experimental groups were created: a control group, where the implants had a surface treated by sandblasting with titanium oxide microparticles, and a test group, where the implants were sandblasted using the same process as the previous group plus acid conditioned. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was measured by resonance frequency (initially and at both euthanasia times). Animals were euthanized 3 and 5 weeks after implantation (n = 10 animals per time). Ten samples from each group at each time point were evaluated by removal torque (RTv). Another ten samples from each group were evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically, measuring the percentage of bone-to-implant contact (%BIC) and the bone area fraction occupancy (%BAFO). Results: In vitro, it was possible to observe a more homogeneous surface for the test group compared to the control group. ISQ values showed statistical differences at both 3 and 5 weeks (test > control). For RTv, the values were: 44.5 ± 4.25 Ncm (control group) and 48.6 ± 3.17 Ncm (test group) for the time of 3 weeks; 64.3 ± 4.50 Ncm (control group) and 76.1 ± 4.18 Ncm (test group) at 5 weeks. The %BIC and %BAFO values measured in both groups and at both times did not show significant differences (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The higher removal torque and ISQ values presented in the samples from the test group compared to the control group indicate that there was an acceleration in the mineralization process of the newly formed bone matrix.
Mitofilin–mtDNA Axis Mediates Chronic Lead Exposure-Induced Synaptic Plasticity Impairment of Hippocampal and Cognitive Deficits
Authors: Su Lihong , Hou Jinchao , Wang Boxuan , Li Yuqi , Huo Xiaodong , Wang Tao , Zou Yuankang , Zheng Gang
Published: February 2025

Neurotoxic damage resulting from lead pollution exposure constitutes a significant public health concern. The regulatory impact of lead (Pb) exposure on neuronal dendritic spine plasticity, a crucial mechanism for neuronal adaptation, warrants further investigation. To elucidate the role and mechanism of the Mitofilin–mtDNA axis in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and learning and memory impairment induced by lead exposure, in this study, both in vivo and in vitro models were subjected to chronic lead exposure. The results showed that the spatial learning and memory abilities of lead-exposed mice were significantly reduced. Furthermore, Western blotting and RT-PCR analyses demonstrated a significant down-regulation in the expression of the mitochondrial inner membrane protein Mitofilin. Extended exposure to lead has the potential to compromise the plasticity of dendritic spines within the CA1 region of hippocampal neurons and disrupt the structural integrity of neuronal mitochondria. Furthermore, lead exposure was associated with elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurons. The study additionally demonstrated that the overexpression of Mitofilin ameliorated deficits in spatial learning and memory in mice subjected to chronic lead exposure. This overexpression also facilitated the normal formation of neuronal dendritic spines, preserved the structural integrity of the mitochondrial inner membrane, and mitigated mitochondrial damage. The study further revealed that the overexpression of Mitofilin markedly suppressed the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in neurons subjected to chronic lead exposure, while concurrently reducing the expression levels of the inflammasome Nlrp3 and the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Additionally, there was a significant reduction in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lead-exposed neurons with Mitofilin overexpression. These findings suggest that the mitochondrial inner membrane protein Mitofilin may play a role in mediating synaptic plasticity impairment following chronic lead exposure through the regulation of mitochondrial function.
The Role of Hyaluronic Acid in Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Systematic Review of Its Biological and Regenerative Potential According to PRISMA Guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook
Authors: Ronsivalle Vincenzo , Santonocito Simona , Giudice Roberta , Bocchieri Salvatore , Didomenico Simone , Cicciù Marco
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This systematic review evaluates the biological activity and regenerative potential of hyaluronic acid (HA) in alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) following tooth extraction, assessing its efficacy in reducing bone resorption and promoting bone regeneration when combined with xenografts. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Lilacs databases, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Studies from 2012 to December 2024 involving human participants were included based on a PECO framework. Four studies met the inclusion criteria, with data extracted and analyzed for clinical and histological outcomes. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-E tool. Results: The included studies demonstrated that HA combined with xenografts significantly reduced post-extraction bone resorption compared to controls. HA-enhanced grafts showed superior radiographic and histological outcomes, including increased bone density and reduced graft shrinkage. While one randomized controlled trial found no significant differences in wound healing or patient-reported outcomes between HA and control groups, other studies reported improved bone formation and graft stability with HA. Variability in study design and sample size was noted, with a generally moderate to high risk of bias in some studies. Conclusions: The evidence supports the beneficial role of HA as an adjuvant in ARP procedures, enhancing bone regeneration and limiting resorption. However, further research with larger samples and standardized methodologies is required to confirm these findings and optimize clinical protocols.
Unmanned-Aerial-Vehicle Trajectory Planning for Reliable Edge Data Collection in Complex Environments
Authors: Xiang Zhengzhe , Ying Fuli , Xue Xizi , Peng Xiaorui , Zhang Yufei
Published: February 2025

With the rapid advancement of edge-computing technology, more computing tasks are moving from traditional cloud platforms to edge nodes. This shift imposes challenges on efficiently handling the substantial data generated at the edge, especially in extreme scenarios, where conventional data collection methods face limitations. UAVs have emerged as a promising solution for overcoming these challenges by facilitating data collection and transmission in various environments. However, existing UAV trajectory optimization algorithms often overlook the critical factor of the battery capacity, leading to potential mission failures or safety risks. In this paper, we propose a trajectory planning approach Hyperion that incorporates charging considerations and employs a greedy strategy for decision-making to optimize the trajectory length and energy consumption. By ensuring the UAV’s ability to return to the charging station after data collection, our method enhances task reliability and UAV adaptability in complex environments.
Integrating Sustainability into Biologically Inspired Design: A Systematic Evaluation Model
Authors: Bian Ze , Zhang Yufei , Lin Huan , Zhu Yuan , Zhang Jie
Published: February 2025

Biologically inspired product design (BIPD) inherently encompasses the concept of sustainability. It acquires inspiration from natural organisms, and the references in aspects such as form, structure, and function typically contribute to efficient resource utilization and environmentally friendly coexistence. However, past studies have mainly evaluated from the perspective of designers and researchers, which is relatively subjective. It is difficult to meet the real needs of industry and market. At the same time, the method of establishing indicators is not scientific enough, and the importance of indicators is not ranked. This research integrates the concept of sustainable design into the BIPD evaluation system, comprehensively considering the evaluation indices of different stakeholders such as sustainable designers, industrial designers, and users and decision-makers of design companies. By employing the analytic hierarchy process, a complete and systematic evaluation index model is constructed. This model can comprehensively and accurately screen and evaluate design proposals during the conceptual design stage of BIPD. Through this approach, it effectively averts resource waste caused by incorrect decisions in the production process, optimizes resource allocation, meets user requirements and vigorously promotes the sustainable development of BIPD throughout its entire life cycle.
Exploring Biomarkers for Malaria: Advances in Early Detection and Asymptomatic Diagnosis
Authors: Harmonis Jacko Abiwaqash , Kusuma Sri Agung Fitri , Rukayadi Yaya , Hasanah Aliya Nur
Published: February 2025

Malaria is a tropical disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite, which was responsible for 249 million cases worldwide in 2022. Malaria is currently diagnosed using RDTs, PCR-based methods, or blood smear microscopy. Ideal biomarkers have been identified for malaria, with the potential for improving treatment, diagnosis, and overall clinical outcomes. This review discusses the types of existing biomarkers and the opportunities for new biomarkers to be used as diagnostic components in detecting Plasmodium, including in terms of sensitivity, detection limit, specificity, and the species of Plasmodium that can be detected. Following a comparison, five main ideal malaria biomarkers were identified, namely HRP2, pLDH, hemozoin, aldolase, and pGDH. These biomarkers distinguished themselves markedly from the others in terms of specificity in Plasmodium detection, sensitivity in analysis, and the use of non-invasive samples. Several other biomarkers, such as CRP, Ang-1, Ang-2, and PCT, show potential for malaria detection in terms of their ability to differentiate disease severity, and the levels of these biomarkers can be determined in the body for comparison with malaria parasitemia. Of the five ideal biomarkers, hemozoin and aldolase can still be developed regarding the types of samples used and their sensitivity to different Plasmodium species. Further research on the biomarkers CRP, Ang-1, Ang-2, and PCT is still needed to evaluate their potential.
Neither Scale of Response Nor Threshold in Habitat Availability Is Conserved Across Species of Forest-Dwelling Songbirds Responding to Habitat Loss
Authors: Thompson Bill A.
Published: February 2025

Thresholds can be an effective tool in conservation planning, as they can form a defensible target for habitat conservation or restoration. Generalized thresholds must be used with caution, however, as threshold responses may vary with species and spatial scale. The objectives of this study were to identify the scales at which forest-dwelling birds respond to both habitat availability and critical thresholds in forest cover associated with their occurrence, and to assess if life history traits relate to either scale of response or critical threshold. Using point count data from the Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas, I generated concentric buffers ranging from 100 m to 10 km radius around a random subset of point counts and described forest cover and species occurrence within each buffer. I assessed the likelihood of occurrence of each species at each scale of analysis using logistic regression and identified forest cover thresholds below which the occurrence of each species becomes unlikely using fitted regression curves and ROC plots. Species varied in their response to both landscape scale and forest cover, based on relative growth rate, clutch size, and site fidelity. The mean response to forest cover was 30.8%, with landscape scale ranging from 200 m to 9 km. Despite this range, pragmatic approaches to conservation planning are still possible.
Mood Stabilizers for Treating Emotional Dysregulation in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with or Without Comorbid Bipolar Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Brancati Giulio Emilio , De Rosa Ugo , Magnesa Anna , De Dominicis Francesco , Petrucci Alessandra , Schiavi Elisa , Medda Pierpaolo , Barbuti Margherita , Perugi Giulio
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The treatment of emotional dysregulation (ED) poses a major challenge for clinicians managing adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This naturalistic longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the effects of combining mood stabilizers (MS) with standard pharmacotherapy in this population. Methods: Fifty-six adult patients with ADHD, with or without bipolar spectrum disorders, who were followed-up for at least 4 months at Pisa University Hospital were included and grouped based on the prescription of ADHD treatment with prior MS, with conomitant MS and without MS. Changes in self-reported ED, self-reported and informant-reported ADHD severity were assessed using RIPoSt-40, ASRS-v1.1, and CAARS-O:SV. Longitudinal analyses were conducted separately for each group using a pairwise one-sample paired Student’s t-test. Results: A significant reduction in ED severity was observed in those treated with methylphenidate (MPH) and concomitant MS and in those with atomoxetine (ATX) without MS. Negative emotionality and emotional impulsivity significantly decreased in both these groups, while affective instability only improved in those with MPH and concomitant MS. Self-reported ADHD improvements were significant in all groups receiving MPH, whether with concomitant, prior, or without MS. Significant changes in informant-reported ADHD severity were found in those receiving MPH with concomitant or prior MS. Conclusions: The findings highlight the benefits of concomitant MS and MPH treatment on ED, suggest a preferential effect of ATX on negative emotionality, and confirm the effectiveness of MPH for adult ADHD symptoms, regardless of additional treatment with MS. Further studies are needed to explore whether and how MS and MPH may complement each other in reducing ED.
Digital Technologies and Circular Economy in the Construction Sector: A Review of Lifecycle Applications, Integrations, Potential, and Limitations
Authors: Keles Cagla , Cruz Rios Fernanda , Hoque Simi
Published: February 2025

The circular economy implementation in the built environment is hindered by the complexity of CE strategies and unique nature of the construction industry. Digital technologies have been explored as promising solutions to aid decision making and enable circular solutions in the architecture, engineering, and construction sector. The literature on both circular economy and digital technology fields has grown exponentially in the past few years, and there is a need for a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art applications, integrations, potential, and limitations of digital technologies in the circular economy context. Through a systematic literature review, this study identified ten key digital technologies to enable circularity in the building sector: building information modeling, spatial data acquisition, artificial intelligence and machine learning, Internet of Things, blockchain, digital twin, augmented and virtual realities, digital platform/marketplace, material passports, and additive manufacturing and digital fabrication. In this study, we review current applications, discuss their integrations, match digital technology opportunities with circular economy barriers, and map the digital technologies applications along a building’s lifecycle. Blockchain and material passport technologies demonstrated potential to enable circular economy strategies throughout the whole building’s lifecycle, but their application remains limited in the construction industry. Building information modeling was found to be at the core of most technological integrations, but more research is needed to understand the impact of such integrations in supporting circular economy policies, standards, and assessment methods. Finally, collaborative research efforts are needed to unveil the risks of digitalization in the built environment, including risks concerning privacy and cybersecurity.