Tindak Pengancaman dan Penyelamatan Muka dalam Komunikasi Virtual di Grup Whatsapp “WI Teknis BDK Surabaya”
Authors: Jamal Jamal 
Published: October 2022

Komunikasi di media sosial  whatsapp terindikasi banyak mengandung tindak pengancaman muka yang serius. Komunikator di whatsapp kurang menyadari kebutuhan muka komunikan sehingga ditemukan tuturan yang bernada menyinggung harga diri dan merugikan orang lain. Inilah yang mendorong penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan ancangan netnografi subjek penelitian 31 widyaiswara  anggota grup whatsapp “WI Teknis BDK Surabaya”. Data percakapan dikumpulkan dengan cara partisipan terlibat yang di-screenshots dianalisis  secara kualitatif interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bentuk tindak pengancaman muka komunikan berupa ujaran yang berisi ketidaksetujuan, kritik, ejekan, pertentangan, emosi kasar, cerita hoaks, topik menghasut, panggilan merendahkan, memerintah, menawarkan, dan emosi marah,  sedangkan bentuk tindak pengancaman muka komunikator berupa ujaran meminta maaf, menerima pujian, merendahkan diri, menerima ucapan terima kasih, menerima permintaan maaf, menerima pujian, menerima tawaran, berhenti memikirkan kesalahan orang, memaafkan, tidak membuka kekurangan orang lain, memperbaiki kesalahan orang,  mengyampaikan ketidaksetujuan dan marah secara tidak langsung, mengurangi tensi dengan humor. Bentuk tindak penyelamatan muka disampaikan dengan strategi (a) penyelamatan muka apa adanya, berupa tidak membuka aib, menyampaikan ketidaksetujuan secara tidak langsung, mengurangi tensi dengan humor, marah tidak secara langsung (b) penyelamatan muka positif, berupa bersikap kooperatif, mengakui  adanya persamaan (c) penyelamatan muka negatif, berupa meminimalkan daya,  menggunakan pertanyaan sebagai pengganti perintah, dan (d) penyelamatan muka tersamar, berupa menggunakan implikatur percakapan. Faktor parameter sosiokultural yang menentukan tindak pengancaman dan penyelamatan muka adalah status sosial, kekuasaan relatif, tingkat keakraban. Untuk mereduksi tingkat ancaman dalam rangka menyelamatkan muka, komunikator memanfaatkan  faktor  keakraban. Disarankan pengguna whatsapp menyadari kebutuhan muka dan faktor sosiokultural dalam komunikasi, pengambil kebijakan mempertimbangkan hasil penelitian ini dalam pengembangan kompetensi kepribadian dan sosiokultural ASN.

Kata kunci: tindak pengancaman muka, tindak penyelamatan muka. parameter sosiokultural

 

There are indications that communication on whatsapp social media contains serious face threatening act. Communicators on whatsapp were not aware of the communicants' face needs so there were found speeches that offended their self-esteem and harmed others. This is what encourages qualitative descriptive research with a netnographic approach to research subjects 31 widyaiswara members of the whatsapp group "WI Teknis BDK Surabaya". Data conversations were collected by means of the involved participants that were screenshots, and were analyzed qualitatively and interactively. The results showed that the form of threatening communicants’face was in the form of utterances that contained disapproval, criticism, ridicule, contradiction, abusive emotions, hoax stories, topic of inciting, demeaning calls, ordering, offering, and angry emotions, while the form of threatening communicator's face was apologizing. accepting praise, humbling oneself, accepting thanks, accepting apologies, accepting compliments, accepting offers, stopping thinking about people's mistakes, forgiving, not opening up other people's shortcomings, correcting people's mistakes, conveying disapproval and anger indirectly, reducing tension by humor. The form of face saving act is conveyed with the strategy (a) face saving as it is, in the form of not opening disgrace, conveying disapproval indirectly, reducing tension with humor, indirect anger (b) saving face positively, in the form of being cooperative, acknowledging similarities ( c) saving negative faces, in the form of minimizing power, using questions as a substitute for orders, and (d) saving faces in disguise, in the form of using conversational implicatures. The socio-cultural parameters that determine the act of threatening and saving face are social status, relative power, and level of intimacy. To reduce the level of threat for saving face, communicators take advantage of the familiarity factor. It is recommended that whatsapp users be aware of face needs and sociocultural factors in communication, policy makers consider the results of this study developing personality and sociocultural competencies of state civil apparatus.

Keywords: face saving act, face threatening act, sociocultural parameters.