bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Outstanding Actor
Authors: Rea Ken
Published: September 2021

Drawing on Ken Rea’s 35 years’ teaching experience and research, as well as interviews with top actors and directors, The Outstanding Actor identifies seven key qualities that the most successful actors manifest, along with practical exercises that help nurture those qualities and videos to demonstrate them.

Featuring contributions and insights from Ewan McGregor, Jude Law, Judi Dench, Al Pacino, Lily James, Rufus Norris and many more, The Outstanding Actor gives you techniques that you can immediately put into practice in rehearsals, classes or private preparation. It also shows you how to increase the chances of having a more successful career.

This new edition covers topical issues such as the #MeToo movement, gender balance and race issues, and how these affect working conditions and careers. There are also brand new links to video resources that bring the valuable exercises to life.

The book also includes a foreword by Damian Lewis.
Using Questions to Think
Authors: Eric Dickman Nathan
Published: September 2021

Our ability to think, argue and reason is determined by our ability to question. Questions are a vital component of critical thinking, yet we underestimate the role they play. Using Questions to Think puts questioning back in the spotlight.

Naming the parts of questions at the same time as we name parts of thought, this one-of-a-kind introduction allows us to see how questions relate to the definitions of propositions, premises, conclusions, and the validity of arguments. Why is this important? Making the role of questions visible in thinking reasoning and dialogue, allows us to:

- Ask better questions

- Improve our capability to understand an argument

- Exercise vigilance in the act of questioning

- Make explicit what you already know implicitly

- Engage with ideas that contradict our own

- See ideas in broader context

Breathing new life into our current approach to critical thinking, this practical, much-needed textbook moves us away from the traditional focus on formal argument and fallacy identification, combines the Kantian critique of reason with Hans-Georg Gadamer’s hermeneutics and reminds us why thinking can only be understood as an answer to a question
Shakespeare and the Challenge of the Contemporary
Authors: Clare Rayner Francesca
Published: September 2021

Contemporary performance is a particularly stimulating area for the study of how Shakespeare and particular cultural contexts interact with and transform each other. Francesca Clare Rayner’s original and thought-provoking book highlights the diversity and experimentalism of contemporary performance practices through a focus on unexplored performances in Portugal. This book references key debates within contemporary performance studies on intermediality, globalization and political participation and analyses their particular configurations within the Portuguese context. These case studies represent clear alternatives to the market-driven view of the contemporary as the continual reproduction of the new and the topical for global consumers, recasting the contemporary instead as the site of tragedy and crisis in a Europe fragmented by years of economic austerity, political divisions around Brexit and ecological vacillation, and an anxious, refashioning of global relations between North and South.
A Cultural History of Fashion in the 20th and 21st Centuries
Authors: English Bonnie
Published: September 2021

This new edition of a bestselling textbook is designed for students, scholars, and anyone interested in 20th century fashion history.

Accessibly written and well illustrated, the book outlines the social and cultural history of fashion thematically, and contains a wide range of global case studies on key designers, styles, movements and events.

The new edition has been revised and expanded: there are new sections on eco-fashion, fashion and the museum, major changes in the fashion market in the 21st century (including the impact of new media and retailing networks), new technologies, fashion weeks, the rise of asian fashion centers and more. There are twice as many illustrations.

In its second edition, A Cultural History of Fashion in the 20th and 21st Centuries is the ideal introductory text for all students of fashion.
Stanislavski in Rehearsal
Authors: Torporkov Vasili
Published: September 2021

A rare insider's account of the true story behind the development of the famous Stanislavski method.

Vasili Toporkov was one of the rare outsiders ever to be invited to join the Moscow Art Theatre. Although already an experienced and accomplished artist, he was forced to retrain as an actor under Stanislavski's rigorous guidance. Stanislavski in Rehearsal is Toporkov's vivid account of this learning process, offering an eloquent and jargon-free insight into Stanislavski's legendary 'system' and his method of rehearsal that became known as the Method of Physical Action. Spanning ten years - from 1928 to 1938 - Toporkov charts the last crucial years of Stanislavski's work as a director and offers the only reliable biographical sketch that we have.

Through Toporkov's account, Stanislavski is revealed as a multi-faceted personality - funny, furious, kind, ruthless, encouraging, exacting - waging a war against clichés and quick answers, inspiring his actors and driving them to despair in his pursuit of artistic perfection.
Problem Solving, Reasoning and Numeracy
Authors: Beckley Pat , Compton Ashley , Johnston Jane , Marland Harriet
Published: September 2021

This is a complete guide to supporting problem solving, reasoning and numeracy in the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS), promoting a holistic approach and exploring good practice.
An Introduction to Theatre, Performance and the Cognitive Sciences
Authors: Lutterbie John
Published: September 2021

This is the first textbook designed for students, practitioners and scholars of the performing arts who are curious about the power of the cognitive sciences to throw light on the processes of performance. It equips readers with a clear understanding of how research in cognitive neuroscience has illuminated and expanded traditional approaches to thinking about topics such as the performer, the spectator, space and time, culture, and the text. Each chapter considers four layers of performance: conventional forms of theatre, performance art, and everyday life, offering an expansive vision of the impact of the cognitive sciences on performance in the widest sense.

Written in an approachable style, An Introduction to Theatre, Performance and the Cognitive Sciences weaves together case studies of a wide range of performances with scientific evidence and post-structural theory. Artists such as Robert Wilson, Societas Raffaello Sanzio, Ariane Mnouchkine, Bertolt Brecht, and Antonin Artaud are brought into conversation with theories of Gilles Deleuze, Shaun Gallagher, Alva Noë, Tim Ingold and the science of V. S. Ramachandran, Vittorio Gallese, and Antonio Damasio. John Lutterbie offers a complex understanding of not only the act of performing but the forces that mark the place of theatre in contemporary society.

In drawing on a variety of scientific articles, Lutterbie provides readers with an accessible account of significant research in areas in the field and reveals how the sciences can help us understand the experience of art.
Foucault’s Seminars on Antiquity
Authors: Miller Paul Allen , Carrera Alessandro , Flack Leah Culligan , Hall Edith , Worman Nancy
Published: September 2021

In 1980, Michel Foucault’s work makes two decisive turns. On the one hand, as announced at the start of his course at the Collège de France for that year, Le Gouvernement des vivants, his topic will be the modalities through which power constitutes itself in relation to truth. On the other, the texts on which he will concentrate will no longer be those of the early modern period. Rather, he begins with one by Dio Cassius on the emperor Septimius Severus and then proceeds to spend the next two sessions offering a reading of Oedipus Tyrannus. He will concentrate on works from antiquity for the rest of his life.

This book will offer the first detailed account of these lectures, examining both the development of their philosophical argument and the ancient texts on which that argument is based. This is the period during which Foucault also began work on Volumes 2 and 3 of the History of Sexuality. Yet, while there are clear overlaps between the work he was presenting in his course and the last books he published before his death, nonetheless the seminars are anything but rough drafts for the published work. Instead they offer a sustained encounter with the texts of the classical and early Christian era while seeking to trace a genealogy of the western subject as a speaker of truth.
“All-Electric” Narratives
Authors: Dini Rachele
Published: September 2021

“All-Electric” Narratives is the first in-depth study of time-saving electrical appliances in American literature. It examines the literary depiction of refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, oven ranges, washing machines, dryers, dishwashers, toasters, blenders, standing and hand-held mixers, and microwave ovens between 1945, when the “all-electric” home came to be associated with the nation’s hard-won victory, and 2020, as contemporary writers consider the enduring material and spiritual effects of these objects in the 21st century.

The appropriation and subversion of the rhetoric of domestic electrification and time-saving comprises a crucial, but overlooked, element in 20th-century literary forms and genres including Beat literature, Black American literature, second-wave feminist fiction, science fiction, and postmodernist fiction. Through close-readings of dozens of literary texts alongside print and television ads from this period, Dini shows how U.S. writers have unearthed the paradoxes inherent to claims of appliances’ capacity to “give back” time to their user, transport them into a technologically-progressive future, or “return” them to some pastoral past. In so doing, she reveals literary appliances’ role in raising questions about gender norms and sexuality, racial exclusion and erasure, class anxieties, the ramifications of mechanization, the perils and possibilities of conformity, the limitations of patriotism, and the inevitable fallacy of utopian thinking—while both shaping and radically disrupting the literary forms in which they operated.
Modern Sports Law
Authors: Anderson Jack
Published: September 2021

The aim of this book is to provide an account of how the law influences the operation, administration and playing of modern sports. Although the book focuses on legal doctrine it has been written bearing in mind sport's historical, cultural, social and economic context, including the drama and colour of sport's major events and leading personalities. And although it is inevitably very much concerned with elite professional sports it is not dominated by them, and seeks to cover the widest possible range of sports, professional and amateur. Initially, the book addresses practical issues such as the structures of national and international sport, and examines the evolution of the body of law known as 'sports law'. Thereafter three main themes are identified: regulatory; participatory; and, financial aspects of modern sport. The regulatory theme is dealt with in chapters considering the manner in which decisions of sports governing bodies may be challenged in the ordinary courts and the development of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in sport. The participatory theme includes the legal regulation of doping and violence in sport, as well as the broader topic of tortious liability for sporting injuries. The financial theme, reflecting the enhanced commercialisation of sport at all levels, is developed in chapters concerning issues in applied contract and employment law for players and legal matters surrounding the organisation of major sports events. The conclusion summarises modern sport's experience of EU law, pointing the way to the future direction of sports law more generally. While the book is aimed primarily at students, and is designed to cover fundamental and topical areas of sports law (sports law in general; sports bodies and the courts; arbitration in sport; corruption; doping; violence; civil liability; discrimination; the commodification of modern sport; and, the likely future of sports law), it should also prove of wider interest to practitioners, sports administrators and governing bodies; and though focused primarily on UK law it will also appeal to readers in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the USA.
The Constitution of Mexico
Authors: Garza José María Serna de la
Published: September 2021

This book provides an overview of Mexico's political evolution since it became independent from Spain in 1821, and its current constitutional arrangements, principles and structures. The aim is to explain this evolution as the result of struggles between the interests and ideologies of different groups within Mexican society, each with a different political vision of how the State should be organised. Chapter 1 reviews Mexico's constitutional trajectory, and explains why democracy, republicanism, federalism, separation of state and church, protection of fundamental rights and the Nation's ownership of mineral resources first became constitutional principles. Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5 deal respectively with democracy and the electoral system, and the legislative, executive and judicial branches of federal government. Chapter 6 introduces the institutional structure of Mexico's federal system, while Chapter 7 discusses the rules, principles and institutions for the protection of human rights. Chapter 8 examines the constitutional regime of Mexico's economy. The conclusion explains how a series of factors has combined to produce a gap between the formal Constitution and what can be seen as the living Constitution; bridging that gap presents Mexican politics and society with one of its great contemporary challenges.
Results of laparoscopic retroperitoneal nephrectomy for benign nonfunction kidneys at Ninh Binh General Hospital
Authors: Trần Việt Phương ,   Nguyễn Đình Đức, Lê Duy Tiến, Trần Đình Hoàn, Đinh Văn Nam, Ngô Hữu Diện
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction: Evaluating the result of laparoscopic retroperitoneal nephrectomy for benign nonfunctioning pathology at Ninh Binh General Hospital.
Materials and Methods: 20 patients underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy surgery from 08/2016 - 03/2020 at Ninh Binh General Hospital, research with descriptive and prospective method.
Results: The average operating time is 100,25 ± 22 minutes (80 - 180 minutes), the average amount of blood loss is 61,5 ± 26,6ml (30 - 100ml), the average amount of drain removal time is 2,5 ± 0,5 day (2 - 3 days), the time of taking analgesic is 3 days, the average amount of time for treatment in the hospital is 4,25 ± 1,1 days (3 - 6 days).
During the operations, there is 1 case in which renal abscess and kidney inflammation occur. Therefore, it's difficult to carry out the umbilicus dissection and have to switch to kidney – removal open surgery. There are no adverse medical events or complications after the surgery.
Conclusions: Laparoscopic retroperitoneal surgery in kidney removal due to nonfunctioning benign pathology is a safe and effective treatment method.

Keywords: Laparoscopic nephrectomy, retroperitoneal laparoscopy.
Talking Gloves: Sign Language to Speech Conversion for Deaf and Mute Person
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, KSSEM, Bangalore, India., N Katti Sarvottam , S Sirsi Sourabh ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, KSSEM, Bangalore, India., Prakash Vandana ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, KSSEM, Bangalore, India., B.U Vinith Raj ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, KSSEM, Bangalore, India., Jha Vandana ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, KSSEM, Bangalore, India.
Published: September 2021

Communication is the act of sharing information to produce greater understanding. It is both, an art and science. Like us humans, animals also have its own way of conveying information. We have evolved from one language and have been able to converse in various languages. IoT based Smart Gloves is an innovative system which will help the dumb interact with the normal people. This system uses a set of sensors that are attached to each finger on both hands. Each motion made and the bending of the fingers has its own separate meaning. The gloves read the motions and the orientation of the sensors. The basic task of this work is to develop a portable, reliable and an inexpensive prototype system.
Antihyperlipidemic activity of Petroselinum crispum seeds in high fat diet induced atherosclerosis in experimental animals
Authors:   Shri Baba Mastnath Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research., Shikha Rathi , Manju Khrab ,   Shri Baba Mastnath Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research., Pawan Jalwal ,   Shri Baba Mastnath Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research.
Published: September 2021

Atherosclerosis is one of the major contributing factors for the mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. Although a number of therapeutic agents are available still the management of atherosclerosis is not completely possible due to associated side effects with these therapeutic agents. Due to this herbal drug are considered as alternative for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Among this herbal drugsofPetroselinumcrispum seeds are considered as potential agent for the treatment of atherosclerosis. In the present study, hydroalcoholic extract and petroleum ether extract ofPetroselinumcrispum seeds was prepared and anti-atherosclerotic activity was evaluated in High fat diet induced atherosclerosis in rats. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of hydroalcoholic extract was carried and in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity was evaluated. Antiatherosclerotic activity was evaluated by measuring serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum LDL, VLDL and HDL level in animals. Animals were kept on high fat diet for 45 days and different doses of hydroalcoholic and petroleum ether extract were administered. Administration of different doses significantly attenuated the elevated level of serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum LDL, VLDL and elevated HDL level. Oxidative stress was also found to be significantly attenuated in in vitro and in vivo models. From the study it can be concluded that hydroalcoholic and petroleum ether extract of Petroselinumcrispum seeds significantly attenuated elevated oxidative stress and lipid profile.
ԿՐԱՎՈՐԱԿԱՆ ՍԵՌԻ ՄԵՂՄԱՍՈՒԹԱՅԻՆ ԿԻՐԱՌՈՒՄԸ ՔԱՂԱՔԱԿԱՆ ԽՈՍՈՒՅԹՈՒՄ / EUPHEMISTIC USE OF PASSIVE VOICE IN POLITICAL DISCOURSE
Authors: STEPANYAN SYUZANNA
Published: September 2021

Modern political discourse is abundant in politically correct language
which is often actualized through the subtle use of passive voice. The given
article analyses the euphemistic functions the passive voice performs in
political discourse. The euphemistic use of passive voice is relatively common in the discourse of American politicians. Hence, most of the examples analysed in the study were extracted from American news articles involving quotes by American politicians. Basic euphemistic functions of passive voice such as the misleading and obfuscating, information distorting, self-promoting and desireable public image shaping functions were outlined in the article.
Development of an interface monitor to operate over a data transmission line
Authors:   , Crankshaw Brett Robert
Published: September 2021

One of the telecommunication facilities provided by Telkom S.A. is connection to the National and International X.25 data network. This network follows the international data protocol standard based upon the CCITT Recommendation X.25. The network allows data calls to be made from the X.25 user in very much the same fashion as a caller on the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), in that the caller must specify the number of the called user on the network in order to be connected. It is in this environment, specifically in the testing and maintaining of these data circuits, that this study is based.
Chiribiquete y sabedores indígenas
Authors:   Facultad de Artes y Humanidades, Universidad de los Andes, Rincón Omar , Castaño Dávila María José
Published: September 2021

El problema fundamental del periodismo es el lugar de la enunciación: ¿quién habla, desde dónde y cómo lo hace? El periodismo indígena es el que se hace desde los pueblos, sus modos de narrar y sus lenguas; todo lo demás es lo que se dice sobre ellos y sus saberes ancestrales. Chiribiquete y sabedores indígenas presenta textos de ambas orillas, sobre diversas comunidades y aspectos de su vida y sus creencias. También hace un llamado a la necesidad de pasar a la enunciación desde los pueblos ancestrales, tanto en voces como en narrativas, formatos y agendas. Si escuchamos al pensamiento-tierra, los saberes y las estéticas indígenas, sabremos que a nuestro mundo le falta espiritualidad y que hay otros modelos de sociedad. Y de ahí deberían surgir otros periodismos posibles: aquellos de la tierra con mirada y política indígenas.
ПРОБЛЕМА ОПИТУВАНЬ МЕШКАНЦІВ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД З ПИТАНЬ ФІЗИЧНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ І СПОРТУ
Authors: Дорофєєва Тетяна
Published: September 2021

У дослідженнях, пов’язаних з вивченням стану спорту в територіальних громадах, можливе проведення опитувань учнів загальноосвітніх навчальних закладів і дорослих про стан матеріально-технічної бази спорту. Доведено, що як у учнів, так і у дорослих ці відомості носять лише фрагментарний характер.
Anais da Mostra Científica CONBRASIE 2021
Authors: Neris Caetano George Luiz , Pereira Vilela Beatriz , Lovatti Rovetta Isabela , Ribeiro Vieira Mendes Izabela , Michelin Gobbo Laura Emília , Maramaldo Oliveira Lilian , Da Silva Martins Mariana Teresa , D de C M dos Santos Marina , Souza Teixeira Raíssa , Tavares Saraiva Beatriz , Do N Pereira Brenda Chayná , Raupp Santiago Bruna , De Araújo Santos Camila Fernanda , Ambrosi Eduarda , Alves Pimentel de Paula Evelyne , Borges Spenciere Giovanna , Da Conceição Gomes Giovanna , Zanatta Guilherme , Gonçalves da Silva Gomes Demetrio Antonio
Published: September 2021

Congresso Brasileiro de Saúde Integrativa e Espiritualidade

Anais da Mostra Científica - CONBRASIE 2021

3 a 5 de junho de 2021

Evento online - Brasil
Consiliere și mentorare: abordări teoretice și practice. Seria AUTENTIC. Vol. 3
Authors:   UNIVERSITATEA DE VEST DIN TIMISOARA, Departamentul de Asistență socială, RUNCAN PATRICIA ,   BISERICA CREȘTINĂ MARANATA DIN TIMIȘOARA, Departamentul de Educație, Seria AUTENTIC
Published: September 2021

PREFAȚĂ: CONSILIERE ȘI MENTORARE: ABORDĂRI TEORETICE ȘI PRACTICE
Top-down and bottom-up estimates of anthropogenic methyl bromide emissions from eastern China
Authors: Choi Haklim , Park Mi-Kyung , Fraser Paul J. , Park Hyeri , Geum Sohyeon , Mühle Jens , Kim Jooil , Porter Ian , Salameh Peter K. , Harth Christina M. , Dunse Bronwyn L. , Krummel Paul B. , Weiss Ray F. , O'Doherty Simon , Young Dickon , Park Sunyoung
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Methyl bromide (CH3Br) is a potent ozone-depleting substance (ODS) that has both natural and anthropogenic sources. CH3Br has been used mainly for preplant soil fumigation, post-harvest grain and timber fumigation, and structural fumigation. Most non-quarantine/pre-shipment (non-QPS) uses have been phased-out in 2005 for non-Article 5 (developed) countries and in 2015 for Article 5 (developing) countries under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer; some uses have continued under critical use exemptions (CUEs). Under the Protocol, individual nations are required to report annual data on CH3Br production and consumption for quarantine/pre-shipment (QPS) uses, non-QPS uses and CUEs to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). In this study, we analyzed high precision, in situ measurements of atmospheric concentrations of CH3Br obtained at the Gosan station on Jeju island, Korea, from 2008 to 2019. The background concentrations of CH3Br in the atmosphere at Gosan declined from 8.5 ± 0.8 ppt in 2008 to 7.4 ± 0.6 ppt in 2019 at a rate of −0.13 ± 0.02 ppt yr−1. At Gosan, we also observed periods of persistent concentrations (pollution events) elevated above the decreasing background in continental air masses from China. Statistical back trajectory analyses showed that these pollution events predominantly trace back to CH3Br emissions from eastern China. Using an inter-species correlation (ISC) method with the reference trace species CFC-11 (CCl3F), we estimate anthropogenic CH3Br emissions from eastern China at 4.1 ± 1.3 Gg yr−1 in 2008–2019, approximately 2.9 ± 1.3 Gg yr−1 higher than the bottom-up emission estimates reported to UNEP. Possible non-fumigation CH3Br sources – rapeseed production and biomass burning – were assessed and it was found that the discrepancy is more likely due to unreported or incorrectly reported QPS and non-QPS fumigation uses. These largely-unreported anthropogenic emissions of CH3Br are confined to eastern China and account for 30–40 % of anthropogenic global CH3Br emissions. They are likely due to delays in the introduction of CH3Br alternatives, such as sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2), heat, irradiation and a possible lack of industry awareness of the need for regulation of CH3Br production and use.
The MAPM (Mapping Air Pollution eMissions) method for inferring particulate matter emissions maps at city scale from in situ concentration measurements: description and demonstration of capability
Authors: Nathan Brian , Kremser Stefanie , Mikaloff-Fletcher Sara , Bodeker Greg , Bird Leroy , Dale Ethan , Lin Dongqi , Olivares Gustavo , Somervell Elizabeth
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Mapping Air Pollution eMissions (MAPM) is a 2-year project whose goal is to develop a method to infer particulate matter (PM) emissions maps from in situ PM concentration measurements. Central to the functionality of MAPM is an inverse model. The input of the inverse model includes a spatially distributed prior emissions estimate and PM measurement time series from instruments distributed across the desired domain. In this proof-of-concept study, we describe the construction of this inverse model, the mathematics underlying the retrieval of the resultant posterior PM emissions maps, the way in which uncertainties are traced through the MAPM processing chain, and plans for future developments. To demonstrate the capability of the inverse model developed for MAPM, we use the PM2.5 measurements obtained during a dedicated winter field campaign in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 2019 to infer PM2.5 emissions maps on a city scale. The results indicate a systematic overestimation in the prior emissions for Christchurch of at least 40 %–60 %, which is consistent with some of the underlying assumptions used in the composition of the bottom-up emissions map used as the prior, highlighting the uncertainties in bottom-up approaches for estimating PM2.5 emissions maps.
“Warm cover”: precursory strong signals for haze pollution hidden in the middle troposphere
Authors: Xu Xiangde , Cai Wenyue , Zhao Tianliang , Qiu Xinfa , Zhu Wenhui , Sun Chan , Yan Peng , Wang Chunzhu , Ge Fei
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Eastern China (EC), located in the downstream region of the Tibetan Plateau (TP),
is a large area with frequent haze pollution. In addition to air pollutant
emissions, meteorological conditions are a key inducement for air pollution
episodes. Based on the study of the Great Smog of London in 1952 and haze
pollution in EC over recent decades, it is found that the abnormal “warm
cover” (air–temperature anomalies) in the middle troposphere, as a
precursory strong signal, could be connected to severe air pollution
events. The convection and vertical diffusion in the atmospheric boundary
layer (ABL) were suppressed by a relatively stable structure of warm cover
in the middle troposphere leading to ABL height decreases, which were
favorable for the accumulation of air pollutants in the ambient
atmosphere. The anomalous structure of the troposphere's warm cover not
only exist in heavy haze pollution on the daily scale, but also provide
seasonal, interannual and interdecadal strong signals for frequently
occurring regional haze pollution. It is revealed that a close relationship
existed between interannual variations of the TP's heat source and the warm
cover strong signal in the middle troposphere over EC. The warming TP could
lead to anomalous warm cover in the middle troposphere from the
plateau to the downstream EC region and even the entire East Asian region, thus causing frequent winter haze pollution in EC region.
Optimized Umkehr profile algorithm for ozone trend analyses
Authors: Petropavlovskikh Irina , Miyagawa Koji , McClure-Beegle Audra , Johnson Bryan , Wild Jeannette , Strahan Susan , Wargan Krzysztof , Querel Richard , Flynn Lawrence , Beach Eric , Ancellet Gerard , Godin-Beekmann Sophie
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The long-term record of Umkehr measurements from four NOAA Dobson spectrophotometers was reprocessed after updates to the instrument calibration procedures. In addition, a new data quality-control tool was developed for the Dobson automation software (WinDobson). This paper presents a comparison of Dobson Umkehr ozone profiles from NOAA ozone network stations (Boulder, OHP, MLO, Lauder) against several satellite records, including Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS; ver. 4.2), and combined SBUV and OMPS records (NASA AGG and NOAA COH). A subset of satellite data is selected to match Dobson Umkehr observations at each station spatially (distance less than 200 km) and temporally (within 24 hours). Umkehr Averaging Kernels (AKs) are applied to vertically smooth all overpass satellite profiles prior to comparisons. The station Umkehr record consists of several instrumental records, which have different optical characterizations, and thus instrument-specific stray light contributes to the data processing errors and creates step changes in the record. This work evaluates the overall quality of Umkehr long-term measurements at NOAA ground-based stations and assesses the impact of the instrumental changes on the stability of the Umkehr ozone profile record. This paper describes a method designed to correct biases and discontinuities in the retrieved Umkehr profile that originate from the Dobson calibration process, repair, or optical realignment of the instrument. The M2GMI and GMI CTM ozone profile model output matched to station location and date of observation is used to evaluate instrumental step changes in the Umkehr record. Homogenization of the Umkehr record and discussion of the apparent stray light error in retrieved ozone profiles are the focus of this paper. Homogenization of ground-based records is of great importance for studies of long-term ozone trends and climate change.
Polar tongue of ionisation during geomagnetic superstorm
Authors: Pokhotelov Dimitry , Fernandez-Gomez Isabel , Borries Claudia
Published: September 2021

Abstract. During the main phase of geomagnetic storms, large positive ionospheric plasma density anomalies arise at middle and polar latitudes. A prominent example is the tongue of ionisation (TOI), which extends poleward from the dayside storm-enhanced density (SED) anomaly, often crossing the polar cap and streaming with the plasma convection flow into the nightside ionosphere. A fragmentation of the TOI anomaly contributes to the formation of polar plasma patches partially responsible for the scintillations of satellite positioning signals at high latitudes. To investigate this intense plasma anomaly, numerical simulations of plasma and neutral dynamics during the geomagnetic superstorm of 20 November 2003 are performed using the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics Global Circulation Model (TIE-GCM) coupled with the statistical parameterisation of high-latitude plasma convection. The simulation results reproduce the TOI features consistently with observations of total electron content and with the results of ionospheric tomography, published previously by the authors. It is demonstrated that the fast plasma uplift, due to the electric plasma convection expanded to subauroral mid-latitudes, serves as a primary feeding mechanism for the TOI anomaly, while a complex interplay between electrodynamic and neutral wind transports is shown to contribute to the formation of a mid-latitude SED anomaly. This contrasts with published simulations of relatively smaller geomagnetic storms, where the impact of neutral dynamics on the TOI formation appears more pronounced. It is suggested that better representation of the high-latitude plasma convection during superstorms is needed. The results are discussed in the context of space weather modelling.
A robust initialization method for accurate soil organic carbon simulations
Authors: Kanari Eva , Cécillon Lauric , Baudin François , Clivot Hugues , Ferchaud Fabien , Houot Sabine , Levavasseur Florent , Mary Bruno , Soucémarianadin Laure , Chenu Claire , Barré Pierre
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are a major source of uncertainty for the evolution of atmospheric CO2 concentration during the 21st century. They are usually simulated by models dividing SOC into conceptual pools with contrasted turnover times. The lack of reliable methods to initialize these models, by correctly distributing soil carbon amongst their kinetic pools, strongly limits the accuracy of their simulations. Here, we demonstrate that PARTYsoc, a machine-learning model based on Rock-Eval® thermal analysis optimally partitions the active and stable SOC pools of AMG, a simple and well validated SOC dynamics model, accounting for effects of soil management history. Furthermore, we found that initializing the SOC pool sizes of AMG using machine-learning strongly improves its accuracy when reproducing the observed SOC dynamics in nine independent French long-term agricultural experiments. Our results indicate that multi-compartmental models of SOC dynamics combined with a robust initialization can simulate observed SOC stock changes with excellent precision. We recommend exploring their potential before a new generation of models of greater complexity becomes operational. The approach proposed here can be easily implemented on soil monitoring networks, paving the way towards precise predictions of SOC stock changes over the next decades.
Divergent historical GPP trends among state-of-the-art multi-model simulations and satellite-based products
Authors: Yang Ruqi , Wang Jun , Zeng Ning , Sitch Stephen , Tang Wenhan , McGrath Matthew Joseph , Cai Qixiang , Liu Di , Lombardozzi Danica , Tian Hanqin , Jain Atul K. , Han Pengfei
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Understanding historical changes in gross primary productivity (GPP) is essential for better predicting the future global carbon cycle. However, the historical trends of terrestrial GPP, owing to the CO2 fertilization effect, climate, and land-use change, remain largely uncertain. Using long-term satellite-based near-infrared radiance of vegetation (NIRv), a proxy for GPP, and multiple GPP datasets derived from satellite-based products, Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM) simulations, and machine learning techniques, here we comprehensively investigated their trends and analyzed the causes for any discrepancies during 1982–2015. Although spatial patterns of climatological annual GPP from all products and NIRv are highly correlated (r  > 0.84), the spatial correlation coefficients of trends between DGVM GPP and NIRv significantly decreased (with the ensemble mean of r = 0.49) and even the spatial correlation coefficients of trends between other GPP products and NIRv became negative. By separating the global land into the tropics plus extra-tropical southern hemisphere (Trop+SH) and extra-tropical northern hemisphere (NH), we found that, during 1982–2015, simulated GPP from most of the models showed a stronger increasing trend over Trop+SH than NH. In contrast, the satellite-based GPP products indicated a substantial increase over NH. Mechanistically, model sensitivity experiments indicated that the increase of annual GPP was dominated by the CO2 fertilization effect (Global: 83.9 %), albeit a large uncertainty in magnitude among individual simulations. However, the spatial distribution of inter-model spreads of GPP trends resulted mainly from climate and land-use change rather than CO2 fertilization effect. Trends after 2000 were different from the full time-series, showing that satellite-based GPP products suggested weakened rising trends over NH and even significantly decreasing trends over Trop+SH, while the trends from DGVMs kept increasing. The inconsistencies are very likely caused by the contrasting performances between satellite-derived and DGVM simulated vegetation structure parameter (leaf area index, LAI). Therefore, the uncertainty in satellite-based GPP products induced by highly uncertain LAI data in the tropics undermines their roles in assessing the performance of DGVM simulations and understanding the changes of global carbon sinks.
The cooperative IGS RT-GIMs: a reliable estimation of the global ionospheric electron content distribution in real time
Authors: Liu Qi , Hernández-Pajares Manuel , Yang Heng , Monte-Moreno Enric , Roma-Dollase David , García-Rigo Alberto , Li Zishen , Wang Ningbo , Laurichesse Denis , Blot Alexis , Zhao Qile , Zhang Qiang , Hauschild André , Agrotis Loukis , Schmitz Martin , Wübbena Gerhard , Stürze Andrea , Krankowski Andrzej , Schaer Stefan , Feltens Joachim , Komjathy Attila , Ghoddousi-Fard Reza
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The Real-Time Working Group (RTWG) of the International GNSS Service (IGS) is
dedicated to providing high-quality data and high-accuracy products for Global
Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning, navigation, timing and Earth
observations. As one part of real-time products, the IGS combined Real-Time
Global Ionosphere Map (RT-GIM) has been generated by the real-time weighting
of the RT-GIMs from IGS real-time ionosphere centers including the Chinese
Academy of Sciences (CAS), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES),
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) and Wuhan University
(WHU). The performance of global vertical total electron content (VTEC)
representation in all of the RT-GIMs has been assessed by VTEC from
Jason-3 altimeter for 3 months over oceans and dSTEC-GPS technique with
2 d observations over continental regions. According to the
Jason-3 VTEC and dSTEC-GPS assessment, the real-time weighting technique is
sensitive to the accuracy of RT-GIMs. Compared with the performance of
post-processed rapid global ionosphere maps (GIMs) and IGS combined final GIM
(igsg) during the testing period, the accuracy of UPC RT-GIM (after the
improvement of the interpolation technique) and IGS combined RT-GIM (IRTG) is
equivalent to the rapid GIMs and reaches around 2.7 and 3.0 TECU (TEC unit,
1016 el m−2) over
oceans and continental regions, respectively. The accuracy of CAS RT-GIM and
CNES RT-GIM is slightly worse than the rapid GIMs, while WHU RT-GIM requires a
further upgrade to obtain similar performance. In addition, a strong
response to the recent geomagnetic storms has been found in the global
electron content (GEC) of IGS RT-GIMs (especially UPC RT-GIM and IGS combined
RT-GIM). The IGS RT-GIMs turn out to be reliable sources of real-time global
VTEC information and have great potential for real-time applications including
range error correction for transionospheric radio signals, the monitoring of
space weather, and detection of natural hazards on a global scale. All the IGS
combined RT-GIMs generated and analyzed during the testing period are
available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042622 (Liu et al., 2021b).
CycloneDetector (v1.0) – Algorithm for detecting cyclone and anticyclone centers from mean sea level pressure layer
Authors: Prantl Martin , Žák Michal , Prantl David
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Automatic methods for identifying and tracking cyclones were firstly constructed in 1990's and since then there was a big increase in a precision and probability of detection. These methods have been traditionally focused on cyclones (and particularly on tropical cyclones), but the question of anticyclone centers detection remained unsolved since they are usually not a source of turbulent weather, precipitation etc. However, this issue can be important in the era of the climate change. In this paper, an algorithm for an automatic detection of both, cyclones and anticyclones based on mean sea level pressure field, is presented. The algorithm uses two-dimensional raster data as an input and returns a list of detected pressure systems. The main advantages of our solution are easy implementation since it is based on the standard image processing algorithm, sufficient performance of the algorithm, and especially the possibility of high-pressure systems detection. Moreover, the presented solution does not need a direct terrain filtering needed for some algorithms to be done. To validate the quality of detection algorithm results, a comparison against manually prepared data by Met Office was used. It follows from the comparison that the presented algorithm produces results similar to those by Met Office. The most significant differences can be found in the detection of cyclones at the beginning or the end of the lifespan stage. Met Office detects more cyclones in these stages than the presented solution.
The PFLOTRAN Reaction Sandbox
Authors: Hammond Glenn E.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. As modern reactive transport simulators evolve to accommodate the demands of a user community, researchers need a platform for prototyping new biogeochemical processes, many of which are niche and specific to laboratory or field experiments. The PFLOTRAN Reaction Sandbox leverages modern, object oriented Fortran in an attempt to provide such an environment within an existing reactive transport simulator. This work describes the PFLOTRAN Reaction Sandbox concept and implementation through several illustrative examples. Reaction Sandbox Biodegradation Hill customizes the existing microbially-mediated biodegradation reaction formulation within PFLOTRAN to better match empirical data. Reaction Sandbox Simple provides an isolated environment for testing numerous preconfigured kinetic rate expressions and developing user intuition. Reaction Sandbox Example serves as a template for creating new sandboxes within PFLOTRAN.
Bias correction and downscaling of snow cover fraction projections from regional climate models using remote sensing for the European Alps
Authors: Matiu Michael , Hanzer Florian
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Mountain seasonal snow cover is undergoing major changes due to global climate change. Assessments of future snow cover usually rely on physical based models, and often include post-processed meteorology. Alternatively, here we propose a direct statistical adjustment of snow cover fraction from regional climate models by using long-term remote sensing observations. We compared different bias correction routines (delta change, quantile mapping, and quantile delta mapping) and explore a downscaling based on historical observations for the Greater Alpine Region in Europe. All bias correction methods adjust for systematic biases, for example due to topographic smoothing, and reduce model spread in future projections. Averaged over the study region and whole year, snow cover fraction decreases from 12.5 % in 2000–2020 to 10.4 (8.9, 11.5; model spread) % in 2071–2100 under RCP2.6, and 6.4 (4.1, 7.8) % under RCP8.5. In addition, changes strongly depended on season and altitude. The comparison of the statistical downscaling to a high-resolution physical based model yields similar results for the altitude range covered by the climate models, but different altitudinal gradients of change above and below. We found trend-preserving bias correction methods (delta change, quantile delta mapping) more plausible for snow cover fraction than quantile mapping. Downscaling showed potential but requires further research. Since climate model and remote sensing observations are available globally, the proposed methods are potentially widely applicable, but are limited to snow cover fraction only.
Implications of variations in stream specific conductivity for estimating baseflow using chemical mass balance and calibrated hydrograph techniques
Authors: Cartwright Ian
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Baseflow to rivers comprises regional groundwater and lower salinity intermediate water stores such as interflow, soil water, and bank return flows. Chemical mass balance (CMB) calculations based on the specific conductivity (SC) of rivers potentially estimates the groundwater contribution to baseflow. This study discusses the application of the CMB approach in rivers from southeast Australia and assesses the feasibility of calibrating recursive digital filters (RDF) and sliding minima (SM) techniques based on streamflow data to estimate groundwater inflows. The common strategy of assigning the SC of groundwater inflows based on the highest annual river SC may not always be valid due to the long-term presence of lower salinity intermediate waters. Rather, using the river SC from low flow periods during drought years may be more realistic. If that is the case, the estimated groundwater inflows may be lower than expected, which has implications for assessing contaminant transport and the impacts of near-river groundwater extraction. Probably due to long-term variations in the proportion of groundwater in baseflow, the RDF and SM techniques cannot generally be calibrated using the CMB results to estimate annual baseflow proportions. Thus, it is not possible to extend the estimates of groundwater inflows using those methods, although in some catchments reasonable estimates of groundwater inflows can be made from annual streamflows. Short-term variations in the composition of baseflow also leads to baseflow estimates made using the CMB method being far more irregular than expected. This study illustrates that estimating baseflow, especially groundwater inflows, is not straightforward.