bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Walter Lippmann: an institutionalist for our times?
Authors: Hargreaves Heap Shaun P. , Lewis Paul
Published: November 2024

Although Lippmann's The Good Society was written to address the crisis in liberal democracies in the 1930s, we argue that it offers a novel and plausible institutionalist account of the productivity slowdown and the increase in the experience of insecurity that has characterised most liberal democracies over the last 20–40 years. Central to Lippmann's account is a Smithian-institutionalist model of growth where property rights have to evolve both to encourage continued levels of risk taking in the face of new uncertainties and also to offset new sources of unequal bargaining power that the very process of growth itself creates. When property rights fossilise and fail to evolve, as in the 1930s and plausibly also now, productivity growth slows down, insecurity rises, and illiberal political creeds prosper. To avoid this, Lippmann's analysis suggests that property rights have to change to re-energise risk taking and to offset the new sources of unequal bargaining power. For example, in current circumstances, new ‘positive’ property rights arising from the development of social insurance might encourage risk taking and new ‘negative’ property rights in personal data might help offset the new sources of unequal bargaining power that have emerged.
Substrate integrated waveguide differential antenna for full duplex applications
Authors: Srivastava Gunjan , Singh Shalini
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) differential antenna for full duplex applications. The proposed antenna consists of two square SIW cavities named as outer and inner. The inner cavity is nested into the outer cavity. The outer cavity is differentially excited with a pair of coaxial feed lines, while the inner square patch is orthogonally excited with another pair of differential coaxial feed lines. This orthogonal feeding arrangement results in high isolation between the differential ports. The modified hybrid TE130/310 mode of the outer cavity radiates through a pair of arc-shaped slots at 9.35 GHz, while the TM01 mode of the inner square patch is responsible for the radiations at 8.65 GHz. The proposed antenna prototype is fabricated and measured for validation. Moreover, the designed antenna has a front-to-back ratio better than 22 dB and measured maximum gain values of 6.1 dBi and 7.6 dBi at 8.65 GHz (Port 2 ON) and 9.35 GHz (Port 1 ON), respectively.
Connecting the dots between insomnia and suicidal ideation: The mediating roles of depression, emotion dysregulation and thwarted belonging
Authors: Simmons Zach , Baldwin Scott , Jones Jolynn , Davis Elijah , Sherriff Dustin , Jube Eric , Wright Andrew , Cruickshank Jared , Cheney Eric , Mills Andrew J. , Chugg Carter , Crawford Olivia , Kay Daniel B.
Published: November 2024

Insomnia’s impact on psychological functioning is known to increase suicide risk. The underlying mechanisms of this association are unclear. This study explored psychological factors including depression, emotion dysregulation, perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness as possible mechanisms in the association between insomnia and suicidal ideation in a nationally representative sample for age, sex and race in the United States. Participants (N = 428) completed a Qualtrics survey of demographics, Insomnia Severity Index, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Frequency of Suicidal Ideation Inventory and PROMIS-Depression and PROMIS-Anxiety short forms. Regression analyses and structural equation modeling were used. Insomnia severity was associated with greater suicidality (p < 0.001, CI = 0.19–0.31). When accounting for depression severity, emotion dysregulation and perceived burdensomeness fully mediated insomnia–suicidal ideation frequency association (β = 0.04, p = 0.045; β = 0.24, p < 0.001). Insomnia has major implications on psychological functioning, which may serve as mechanisms through which insomnia confers risk for suicidality. Our model posits that insomnia prevents regional sleep restoration in brain regions involved in psychological functioning, thereby conferring risk for suicidality. Insomnia may be an ideal upstream target for reducing suicidality and its risk factors, including depression, emotion dysregulation and perceived burdensomeness.
Integrating sequential applications of residual and postemergence herbicides for controlling Carolina redroot (Lachnanthes caroliniana) in cranberry beds
Authors: Besançon Thierry E. , Erndwein Lindsay
Published: November 2024

Carolina redroot (LAHTI) is a perennial weed of New Jersey cranberry beds. It is associated with “stand opening” areas that result from fairy ring dieback or other conditions of natural and anthropogenic origin. LAHTI accounts for significant yield reduction through direct competition with cranberry for nutritional resources. Field experiments were conducted from 2017 to 2022 on ‘Ben Lear’ and ‘Early Black’ cranberry beds in Chatsworth, NJ, to determine 1) the efficacy of residual herbicides labeled for use on cranberry, and subsequently, 2) to evaluate the value of overlapping preemergence applications of napropamide and postemergence applications of mesotrione for LAHTI control while minimizing crop phytotoxicity. Treatments in the first experiment included preemergence applications of dichlobenil or norflurazon at 2.2 and 4.5 kg ha−1 and napropamide a 6.7 kg ha−1. In the second trial, napropamide was applied preemergence annually to plots at 6.7 or 10.1 kg ha−1 either as a single or as two equally or unequally split applications spaced 30 d apart, followed by or not followed by mesotrione applied postemergence at 280 g ha−1 when LAHTI leaves emerged above the cranberry canopy. The preemergence herbicides dichlobenil applied at 4.5 kg ha−1 and napropamide provided ≥48% LAHTI control and ≥40% LAHTI biomass reduction 112 d after treatment (DAT), whereas norflurazon had no significant effect on LAHTI biomass. Less than 4% of crop injury and liquid formulation adapted to chemigation identified napropamide as an effective preemergence herbicide for LAHTI control. In the second trial, napropamide applied at 10.1 kg ha−1 followed by an application of mesotrione reduced LAHTI biomass by ≥73%. Splitting napropamide application reduced yield by 36% and berry weight by 12% compared with a single application at the dormant stage. Compared with the nontreated control, a single napropamide application at 10.1 kg ha−1 followed by an application of mesotrione increased yield by 38%. Information derived from these studies is already being used by growers to enhance the productivity and profitability of New Jersey cranberry fields.
Performance of a Diflufenican-Containing Premixture in Dicamba-Resistant Soybean Systems
Authors: Woolard Matthew C. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Roberts Trenton L. , Barber L. Tom , Thrash Benjamin C , Sprague Christy L. , Godar Amar S.
Published: November 2024

Weeds belonging to the Amaranthus family are most problematic for soybean producers. With Palmer amaranth evolving resistance to multiple herbicides labeled for use in soybean, producers seek new sites of action to integrate into season-long herbicide programs. Bayer CropScience plans to launch a Convintro™ brand of herbicides, one being a premixture that will include diflufenican (WSSA Group 12), metribuzin (WSSA Group 5), and flufenacet (WSSA Group 15), for use preemergence (PRE) in soybean. Research trials were conducted in Fayetteville and Keiser, AR, and Holt, MI, in 2022 and 2023 to evaluate the premixture in a season-long program in a dicamba-resistant soybean system. A 0.17:0.35:0.48 of the diflufenican:metribuzin:flufenacet (DFF-containing) premixture was applied PRE with different combinations of glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba, and acetochlor at 28 [early-postemergence (EPOST)] and 42 [late-postemergence (LPOST)] days after planting (DAP). At the EPOST timing, the DFF-containing premixture provided >90% Palmer amaranth and prickly sida control. However, common ragweed, common lambsquarters, morningglory ssp., and annual grass control was ≤80% at this timing. When the LPOST applications occurred, treatments that had already received an EPOST application controlled prickly sida, morningglory ssp., Palmer amaranth, and annual grasses greater than those that had not, indicating the PRE application of the DFF-containing premixture was not sufficient to provide control of the weed spectrum through 42 days after planting. By 70 days after planting, all programs provided ≥93% control of all weeds evaluated. Herbicide programs that utilized the DFF-containing premixture PRE fb EPOST fb LPOST controlled common ragweed, common lambsquarters, morningglory ssp., and annual grasses greater than the one pass postemergence systems. In addition, all herbicide programs evaluated reduced Palmer amaranth seed production by >99%. However, producers that plan to utilize the DFF-containing premixture may need two postemergence herbicide applications to obtain high levels of weed control throughout the growing season.
Evaluating the Impact and Cultural Relevance of LifeKeepers Gatekeeper Training Across Three Training Modalities
Authors: Kingi-Ulu’ave Denise , Framptom Chris , Cargo Tania , Stasiak Karolina , Hetrick Sarah
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Background: While Gatekeeper Training (GKT) is an accepted component of suicide prevention strategies, there is little evidence about its effectiveness with Indigenous populations and online. Aims: This study examined the effects of LifeKeepers, a novel GKT, comprising three modalities: General, e-learning, and a culturally tailored Māori (New Zealand Indigenous) training. Methods: A total of 5,981 participants completed measures of declarative knowledge, perceived knowledge, and self-efficacy pre- and post-training. Participants rated satisfaction with LifeKeepers, its safety considerations and cultural acceptability post-training. Results: There were statistically significant improvements across all outcome measures (declarative knowledge 1.3 [95% CI 1.3–1.4], perceived knowledge 10.9 [95% CI 10.7–11.1], and self-efficacy 2.5 [95% CI 2.5–2.6]), including across all modalities. More than 90% of participants rated satisfaction, cultural acceptability, and safety considerations highly. Limitations: Without a control group, changes may not be solely due to engagement in LifeKeepers. Conclusions: This study offers preliminary evidence of the immediate effectiveness of LifeKeepers, across its in-person, Indigenous Māori, and e-learning modalities. It addresses a critical literature gap by exploring participants’ safety perspectives and strongly supports LifeKeepers as a primary suicide prevention intervention in New Zealand, especially for Indigenous Māori communities. Comparable outcomes for e-learning participants indicate wider accessibility, bolstering suicide prevention efforts.
New York Taxi Driver Perspectives on News Coverage of Driver Suicides
Authors: Kelly Matthew , Liu Bessie , Minsky Hana , Nestadt Paul , Gallo Joseph J.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Background: In 2018, news outlets began reporting on a suicide epidemic among New York City’s yellow taxi drivers. Within months, print, television, radio, and internet outlets had produced pieces describing the deaths of drivers struggling to endure transformations in their industry. Aims: We explored taxi drivers’ perspectives regarding suicide news coverage and the degree to which the coverage affected their lives. Methods: Current and recent taxi drivers participated in open-ended, life-history-informed interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Results: We interviewed 21 participants. Four themes related to interviewees’ experience of suicide-related media coverage emerged: drivers’ awareness of the news coverage and opinions regarding it, the degree to which the coverage motivated drivers to engage in conversation with others about stress, the extent to which coverage inspired drivers to think differently about mental health, and perceptions regarding the media’s broader characterization of taxi drivers. Limitations: Interviews were conducted in English, a second language for many taxi drivers. Conclusion: Taxi drivers expressed diverse views regarding media reporting on driver suicides, with some viewing it as helpful, while others critiqued it as simplistic, stigmatizing, and sensationalist.
Smithsonian Exhibit Connects Sky-High Views with Down-Home Impacts
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: November 2024

“Preserve and cherish the pale blue dot, the only home we’ve ever known.”
Is a higher body mass index associated with longer duration of survival with disability in frail than in non-frail older adults?
Authors: Watanabe Daiki , Yoshida Tsukasa , Watanabe Yuya , Yamada Yosuke , Kimura Misaka
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives

This study investigated the hitherto unclear association of body mass index (BMI) with age at overall, disability, and disability-free survival in older adults with and without frailty.

Methods

This prospective cohort study enroled 10232 Japanese adults aged ≥65 years, who underwent follow-up for adverse events, from the Kyoto-Kameoka Study conducted from 2011–2016. BMI, calculated based on self-reported height and body weight, was classified into five categories: <18.5, 18.5–21.4, 21.5–24.9, 25.0–27.4, and ≥27.5 kg/m2. Frailty was assessed using the validated Kihon Checklist. The relationships between BMI and disability and mortality were analysed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and Laplace regression.

Results

During the 5.3-year median follow-up period (45472 person-years), 2348 (22.9%) incidences of disabilities occurred. After adjusting for confounders, including medical history and lifestyle, individuals in the lowest and highest BMI categories had a higher hazard ratio (HR) of disability [<18.5 kg/m2: HR: 1.31, confidence interval (CI): 1.16–1.49; ≥27.5 kg/m2: HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.08–1.49, p for non-linearity <0.001] compared with that of those with BMI = 21.5–24.9 kg/m2. In the 50th percentile differences in age at overall and disability-free survival, participants with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 were more likely to die before disability incidence [survival with disability (overall survival – disability-free survival): −10.2 months]; those with BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2 had longer survival with disability (12.5 months). These relationships were more marked in the frailty-stratified model, where in the BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2 group, individuals with frailty survived longer with disability (27.2 months) than did individuals without frailty (6.2 months).

Conclusion

Higher BMI is associated with a longer duration of survival with disability among older adults, especially in those with frailty. Therefore, reversing frailty should be prioritised because individuals with frailty have a shorter probability of disability-free survival than do individuals without frailty, regardless of BMI.
Prenatal homelessness, food insecurity, and unemployment and adverse infant outcomes in a California cohort, 2007–2020
Authors: Ferrer Lucia , Chambers Christina , Katheria Anup , Nguyen Annie , Bandoli Gretchen
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Characterize the relationship between infant outcomes and prenatal homelessness, food insecurity and unemployment.

Study design

California live births between 22- and 44-weeks’ gestation comprised 6,089,327 pregnancies (2007–2020). Data were collected from linked Vital Statistics and hospital discharge records. Prenatal homelessness, food insecurity, and unemployment were classified as health-related social needs (HRSN) using International Classification of Disease codes in delivery records. Risk ratios for preterm birth, low birthweight, small for gestational age, neonatal intensive care unit admission, emergency department admission, rehospitalization, and death were estimated using log-linear Poisson regression adjusted for birthing person race, payer, and education.

Results

65.7 per 100,000 births had HRSN. These infants had a higher risk of preterm birth (aRR 2.7), low birthweight (aRR 2.7), SGA (aRR 1.5), NICU admission (aRR 3.5), and death (aRR 3.0).

Conclusions

HRSN increase the risk of infant morbidity and mortality but remain underreported in administrative records, making definitive conclusions difficult.
Integrating parent voices into research at the extremes of prematurity: what are we doing and where should we go?
Authors: Callahan Katharine P. , Katheria Anup C. , Luu Thuy Mai , Pearce Rebecca , Janvier Annie
Published: November 2024

When a baby is born premature, a landscape of potential problems replaces an imagined future. Outcomes become the measures of success. Researchers are recognizing that we need the direct input of parents to select meaningful outcomes. In this article, we describe how researchers and clinicians in neonatology have historically defined outcomes and the limitations of these methods. We chart the integration of stakeholders—patients and parents—into outcomes selection. ‘Parent-important outcomes’ are those deemed most important by parents, as the voices of their children. We outline a path toward determining parent-important outcomes in neonatology through mixed methods research. We conclude by suggesting how parent-important outcomes can be integrated into neonatal follow up research and clinical trial design. Ultimately, all researchers of prematurity aim in some way to improve outcomes that parents and patients care about. We hope this article will remind us of this beacon.
Integrated proteomics and scRNA-seq analyses of ovarian cancer reveal molecular subtype-associated cell landscapes and immunotherapy targets
Authors: Tan Rong , Wen Ming , Yang Wenqing , Zhan Dongdong , Zheng Nairen , Liu Mingwei , Zhu Fang , Chen Xiaodan , Wang Meng , Yang Siyu , Xie Bin , He Qiongqiong , Yuan Kai , Sun Lunquan , Wang Yi , Qin Jun , Zhang Yu
Published: November 2024

Background

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) represents the most lethal gynaecological malignancy, yet understanding the connections between its molecular subtypes and their therapeutic implications remains incomplete.

Methods

We conducted mass spectrometry-based proteomics analyses of 154 EOC tumour samples and 29 normal fallopian tubes, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses of an additional eight EOC tumours to classify proteomic subtypes and assess their cellular ecosystems and clinical significance. The efficacy of identified therapeutic targets was evaluated in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and orthotopic mouse models.

Results

We identified four proteomic subtypes with distinct clinical relevance: malignant proliferative (C1), immune infiltrating (C2), Fallopian-like (C3) and differentiated (C4) subtypes. C2 subtype was characterized by lymphocyte infiltration, notably an increased presence of GZMK CD8+ T cells and phagocytosis-like MRC+ macrophages. Additionally, we identified CD40 as a specific prognostic factor for C2 subtype. The interaction between CD40+ phagocytosis-like macrophages and CD40RL+ IL17R CD4+ T cells was correlated with a favourable prognosis. Finally, we established a druggable landscape for non-immune EOC patients and verified a TYMP inhibitor as a promising therapeutic strategy.

Conclusions

Our study refines the current immune subtype for EOC, highlighting CD40 agonists as promising therapies for C2 subtype patients and targeting TYMP for non-immune patients.
Identification of PDLIM1 as a glioblastoma stem cell marker driving tumorigenesis and chemoresistance
Authors: Shen Xiaopeng , Zhao Yun , Cao Yang , Liu Yunfeng , Ruan Jian , Wang Chunguang , Li Meng , Jin Huaizhang , Lu Shan , Zhu Guoping
Published: November 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis, largely due to the presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). These cells drive tumor progression, recurrence, and chemoresistance, making them critical targets for therapy. This study aims to identify novel GSC markers for improved diagnosis and targeted treatment. We utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA-seq data to identify PDLIM1 as a novel GSC marker. PDLIM1 was specifically expressed in GSCs and was associated with poor prognosis and advanced tumor stages. Functional assays demonstrated that PDLIM1 overexpression enhanced GBM cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis, increased GSC proportions, and promoted chemoresistance and tumorigenesis. Conversely, PDLIM1 knockdown inhibited these processes. Mechanistically, PDLIM1 was found to exert its effects likely by promoting the PI3K-AKT pathway. In conclusion, PDLIM1 may serve as a potential marker of GSCs associated with poor prognosis, tumorigenesis, and chemoresistance in GBM, representing a potential therapeutic target for improving GBM patient outcomes.
Topographic and quantitative correlation of structure and function using deep learning in subclinical biomarkers of intermediate age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Birner Klaudia , Reiter Gregor S. , Steiner Irene , Deák Gábor , Mohamed Hamza , Schürer-Waldheim Simon , Gumpinger Markus , Bogunović Hrvoje , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula
Published: November 2024

To examine the morphological impact of deep learning (DL)-quantified biomarkers on point-wise sensitivity (PWS) using microperimetry (MP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in intermediate AMD (iAMD). Patients with iAMD were examined by OCT (Spectralis). DL-based algorithms quantified ellipsoid zone (EZ)-thickness, hyperreflective foci (HRF) and drusen volume. Outer nuclear layer (ONL)-thickness and subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD) were quantified by human experts. All patients completed four MP examinations using an identical custom 45 stimuli grid on MP-3 (NIDEK) and MAIA (CenterVue). MP stimuli were co-registered with corresponding OCT using image registration algorithms. Multivariable mixed-effect models were calculated. 3.600 PWS from 20 eyes of 20 patients were analyzed. Decreased EZ thickness, decreased ONL thickness, increased HRF and increased drusen volume had a significant negative effect on PWS (all p < 0.001) with significant interaction with eccentricity (p < 0.001). Mean PWS was 26.25 ± 3.43 dB on MP3 and 22.63 ± 3.69 dB on MAIA. Univariate analyses revealed a negative association of PWS and SDD (p < 0.001). Subclinical changes in EZ integrity, HRF and drusen volume are quantifiable structural biomarkers associated with reduced retinal function. Topographic co-registration between structure on OCT volumes and sensitivity in MP broadens the understanding of pathognomonic biomarkers with potential for evaluation of quantifiable functional endpoints.
Optimized robust learning framework based on big data for forecasting cardiovascular crises
Authors: Elseddeq Nadia G. , Elghamrawy Sally M. , Eldesouky Ali I. , Salem Mofreh M.
Published: November 2024

Numerous Deep Learning (DL) scenarios have been developed for evolving new healthcare systems that leverage large datasets, distributed computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT). However, the data used in these scenarios tend to be noisy, necessitating the incorporation of robust pre-processing techniques, including data cleaning, preparation, normalization, and addressing imbalances. These steps are crucial for generating a robust dataset for training. Designing frameworks capable of handling such data without compromising efficiency is essential to ensuring robustness. This research aims to propose a novel healthcare framework that selects the best features and enhances performance. This robust deep learning framework, called (R-DLH2O), is designed for forecasting cardiovascular crises. Unlike existing methods, R-DLH2O integrates five distinct phases: robust pre-processing, feature selection, feed-forward neural network, prediction, and performance evaluation. This multi-phase approach ensures superior accuracy and efficiency in crisis prediction, offering a significant advancement in healthcare analytics. H2O is utilized in the R-DLH2O framework for processing big data. The main improvement of this paper lies in the unique form of the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), specifically the Modified WOA (MWOA). The Gaussian distribution approach for random walks was employed with the diffusion strategy to choose the optimal MWOA solution during the growth phase. To validate the R-DLH2O framework, six performance tests were conducted. Surprisingly, the MWOA-2 outperformed other heuristic algorithms in speed, despite exhibiting lower accuracy and scalability. The suggested MWOA was further analyzed using benchmark functions from CEC2005, demonstrating its advantages in accuracy and robustness over WOA. These findings highlight that the framework’s processing time is 436 s, mean per-class error is 0.150125, accuracy 95.93%, precision 92.57%, and recall 93.6% across all datasets. These findings highlight the framework’s potential to produce significant and robust results, outperforming previous frameworks concerning time and accuracy.
Therapeutic potential of melatonin-pretreated human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in an animal model of spinal cord injury
Authors: Naeimi Arvin , Mousavi Seyedeh Fatemeh , Amini Naser , Golipoor Mandana , Ghasemi Hamidabadi Hatef
Published: November 2024

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) show potential for treating neurodegenerative and traumatic diseases due to their neural crest origin. Melatonin (MT), an endogenous neurohormone with well-documented anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has shown promising results with MSCs in terms of engraftment, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation in animal SCI models. However, the effects of melatonin preconditioning on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) for SCI treatment remain unclear. This study investigates the impact of melatonin preconditioning on hDPSCs engraftment, neural differentiation, and neurological function in rats with SCI. Forty-two male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into six groups: Control, Sham, Model, Vehicle, Lesion Treatment A (SCI + hDPSCs), and Lesion Treatment B (SCI + MT-hDPSCs). After obtaining hDPSCs, stem cells were evaluated using flow cytometry. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. SCI was induced in the Model, Vehicle, Lesion Treatment A, and Lesion Treatment B groups. The Lesion Treatment A and B groups received hDPSCs and hDPSCs pretreated with melatonin, respectively, 1 week after SCI, while the Vehicle group received only an intravenous injection of DMEM to simulate treatment. The other groups were used for behavioral testing. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was employed to assess hDPSCs engraftment and differentiation at the SCI site. Motor function across the six groups was evaluated using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score. Histological studies and cell counts confirmed hDPSCs implantation at the injury site, with a significantly higher presence in the MT-hDPSCs compared to hDPSCs (p < 0.01). IHC revealed that hDPSCs and MT-hDPSCs differentiated into neurons and astrocytes, with greater differentiation observed in the MT-hDPSCs compared to the hDPSCs (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Functional improvement was noted in both SCI + hDPSCs and SCI + MT-hDPSCs groups compared to SCI and Vehicle groups from Week 4 onward (p < 0.001). Significant differences were also observed between the SCI + hDPSCs and SCI + MT-hDPSCs groups starting from Week 7 (p < 0.01). Preconditioning hDPSCs with melatonin enhances engraftment, neuronal differentiation, and greater performance improvement compared to hDPSCs alone in the SCI animal model.
Magnetic hydrogel scaffold based on hyaluronic acid/chitosan and gelatin natural polymers
Authors: Abou-Okeil Ashraf , Refaei Rakia , Moustafa Shaimaa E. , Ibrahim Hassan M.
Published: November 2024

Owing to their native extracellular matrix-like features, magnetic hydrogels have been proven to be promising biomaterials as tissue engineering templates In the present work, magnetic hydrogels scaffold based on chitosan, gelatin, hyaluronic acid, containing Fe3O4 as magnetic nanoparticles (IONPs) were prepared. The prepared hydrogels were loaded with ciprofloxacin hydrochloride as a model drug. The magnetic hydrogel was prepared using different volumes of chitosan, 1%, gelatin, 10%, and hyaluronic acid, 1% in glutaraldehyde as the crosslinking agent and Fe3O4 as magnetic nanoparticles. The hydrogel scaffold and magnetic scaffold hydrogel samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The porosity, mechanical properties, swelling degree, and antibacterial activity of the hydrogel scaffold were also determined as well as the drug release profiles of the hydrogels. SEM imaging revealed that the magnetic hydrogel scaffold showed a relatively rough morphology with an irregular surface. The data obtained indicated that the hydrogel surface has three-dimensional porous microstructures and the porosity varied depending on the hydrogel formulation. The breaking load of the hydrogel scaffold increased from 1.361 Kgf to 4.98 Kgf by increasing the glutaraldehyde concentration from 0.2 mL to 0.8 mL. Swelling degree values in water were from 250 to 2000% after 24 h. The antibacterial activity of the hydrogel scaffold ranged from 54% to about 97% for Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) and from about 26–92% for Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli). The ciprofloxacin hydrochloride loaded hydrogel has a sustained release of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride over 10 h. The presence of IONPs gave a faster release of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride.
Biochemical properties of immobilized horseradish peroxidase on ceramic and its application in removal of azo dye
Authors: Salah Hala A. , Elsayed Alshaimaa M. , Abdel-Aty Azza M. , Khater Gamal A. , El-Kheshen Amany A. , Farag Mohammad M. , Mohamed Saleh A.
Published: November 2024

In the current work, electrostatic interactions were used to immobilize the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) onto five types of ceramic materials (C) with different concentrations of oxidized metals (C1–C5). The highest immobilization efficiency (70 and 77%) was detected at 6 mg C3 and 18 enzyme units. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis of C3-HRP confirmed the immobilization of the enzyme. After ten reuses, the reusability analysis showed that (66%) of the C3-HRP enzyme activity was retained. For C3-HRP, the optimum pH and temperature of the soluble enzyme were shifted from 7.0 and 30 °C to 6.0 and 50 °C. Up to 40 °C and 50 °C, respectively, the soluble HRP and C3-HRP remained steady. The kinetic analysis revealed that the Km and Vmax of soluble HRP and C3-HRP were, respectively, 5.5 mM, 0.66 units, and 8 mM, 0.52 units for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 35.5 mM, 3.4 units and 40 mM, 1.1 units for guaiacol. Compared to soluble-HRP, the C3-HRP exhibited a greater oxidizing affinity toward several phenolic compounds (Guaiacol, o-dianisidine, o–phenylenediamine, pyrogallol, p-aminoantipyrine). In comparison with soluble-HRP, the C3-HRP showed increased stress tolerance with Triton X-100, urea, metals, isopropanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide. The C3-HRP removed methyl orange more effectively compared to soluble-HRP.
Non-invasive multiple cancer screening using trained detection canines and artificial intelligence: a prospective double-blind study
Authors: Half Elizabeth , Ovcharenko Adelina , Shmuel Ronit , Furman-Assaf Sharon , Avdalimov Milana , Rabinowicz Assaf , Arber Nadir
Published: November 2024

The specificity and sensitivity of a simple non-invasive multi-cancer screening method in detecting breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer in breath samples were evaluated in a double-blind study. Breath samples of 1386 participants (59.7% males, median age 56.0 years) who underwent screening for cancer using gold-standard screening methods, or a biopsy for a suspected malignancy were collected. The samples were analyzed using a bio-hybrid platform comprising trained detection canines and artificial intelligence tools. According to cancer screening/biopsy results, 1048 (75.6%) were negative for cancer and 338 (24.4%) were positive. Among the 338 positive samples, 261 (77.2%) were positive for one of the four cancer types that the bio-hybrid platform was trained to detect, with an overall sensitivity and specificity of 93.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 90.3-96.2%) and 94.3% (95% CI 92.7%-95.5%), respectively. The sensitivity of each cancer type was similar; breast: 95.0% (95% CI 87.8-98.0%), lung: 95.0% (95% CI 87.8-98.0%), colorectal: 90.0% (95% CI 74.4-96.5%), prostate: 93.0% (95% CI 84.6-97.0%). The sensitivity of 14 other malignant tumors that the bio-hybrid platform was not trained to detect, but identified, was 81.8% (95% CI 71.8%-88.8%). Early cancer (0–2) detection sensitivity was 94.8% (95% CI 91.0%-97.1%). This bio-hybrid multi-cancer screening platform demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity and enables early-stage cancer detection.
Modelling indoor airborne transmission combining architectural design and people movement using the VIRIS simulator and web app
Authors: Xue Yidan , Jabi Wassim , Woolley Thomas E. , Kaouri Katerina
Published: November 2024

A Viral Infection Risk Indoor Simulator (VIRIS) has been developed to quickly assess and compare mitigations for airborne disease spread. This agent-based simulator combines people movement in an indoor space, viral transmission modelling and detailed architectural design, and it is powered by topologicpy, an open-source Python library. VIRIS generates very fast predictions of the viral concentration and the spatiotemporal infection risk for individuals as they move through a given space. The simulator is validated with data from a courtroom superspreader event. A sensitivity study for unknown parameter values is also performed. We compare several non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) issued in UK government guidance, for two indoor settings: a care home and a supermarket. Additionally, we have developed the user-friendly VIRIS web app that allows quick exploration of diverse scenarios of interest and visualisation, allowing policymakers, architects and space managers to easily design or assess infection risk in an indoor space.
Downhill running does not alter blood C1q availability or complement-dependent cytotoxicity of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against haematological cancer cell lines in vitro
Authors: Collier-Bain Harrison D. , Brown Frankie F. , Causer Adam J. , Ross Lois , Rothschild-Rodriguez Daniela , Browne Noah , Eddy Rachel , Cleary Kirstie L. , Gray Juliet C. , Cragg Mark S. , Moore Sally , Murray James , Turner James E. , Campbell John P.
Published: November 2024

Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) is a primary mechanism-of-action of monoclonal antibody (mAb) immunotherapies used to treat haematological cancers, including rituximab and daratumumab. However, mAb efficacy may be limited by reduced bioavailability of complement C1q – which activates the complement classical pathway following interactions with mAb-opsonised target cells. C1q is secreted by phagocytes upon recruitment to sites of muscle damage to facilitate muscular repair, hence we hypothesised that muscle damaging exercise may increase C1q ‘spill-over’ into blood. Additionally, other complement proteins (e.g., C1s) have been reported to increase following ultra-endurance and resistance exercise. Taken together, we hypothesised that muscle damaging exercise could be harnessed to enhance mAb-mediated CDC. In this study, n = 8 healthy males (28 ± 5-years) completed two 45-minute treadmill running protocols: (1) a flat running protocol at a speed 15% above anaerobic threshold, and (2) a downhill running protocol (− 10% slope) at the same speed. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, and 1-hour, 24-hours, 2-days, and 4-days after exercise. Isolated serum was assessed for C1q by ELISA, and used to measure mAb (rituximab, daratumumab) mediated CDC against two haematological cancer cell lines (Raji, RPMI-8226) in vitro. Isolated plasma was assessed for markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP]), and muscle damage (creatine kinase [CK]) by turbidimetry. C1q and CDC activity were not different between running protocols and did not change over time (p > 0.05). Significantly greater perceived muscle soreness (p < 0.001) and fluctuations observed from baseline to 24-hours post-exercise in the downhill running trial in CK (+ 171%) and CRP (+ 66%) suggests some degree of muscle damage was present. It is possible that any increase in C1q post-exercise may have been masked by the increase and subsequent interaction with CRP, which utilises C1q to facilitate muscular repair. This is the first study to investigate whether exercise can increase circulating C1q and improve mAb-mediated CDC and our findings show that downhill running exercise does not increase circulating C1q nor improve CDC in vitro.
Optoelectronic performance prediction of HgCdTe homojunction photodetector in long wave infrared spectral region using traditional simulations and machine learning models
Authors: Bansal Shonak , Jain Arpit , Kumar Sandeep , Kumar Ashok , Kumar Parvataneni Rajendra , Prakash Krishna , Soliman Mohamed S. , Islam Mohamed Shabiul , Islam Mohammad Tariqul
Published: November 2024

This research explores the design of an infrared (IR) photodetector using mercury cadmium telluride (Hg1–xCdxTe). It proposes two- and three-dimensional homojunction models based on p+-Hg0.7783Cd0.2217Te/n–-Hg0.7783Cd0.2217Te, focusing on applications in the long-wavelength infrared range. The photodetector’s performance is analyzed using Silvaco ATLAS TCAD software and compared with analytical calculations based on drift-diffusion, tunneling, and Chu’s approximation techniques. Optimized for operation at 10.6 μm wavelength under liquid nitrogen temperature, the proposed photodetector demonstrates promising optoelectronic characteristics including the dark current density of 0.20 mA/cm2, photocurrent density of 4.98 A/cm2, and photocurrent density-to-dark current density ratio of 2.46 × 104, a 3-dB cut-off frequency of 104 GHz, a rise time of 0.8 ps, quantum efficiency of 58.30 %, peak photocurrent responsivity of 4.98 A/W, specific detectivity of 3.96 × 1011 cmHz1/2/W, and noise equivalent power of 2.52 × 10–16 W/Hz1/2 indicating its potential for low-noise, high-frequency and fast-switching applications. The study also incorporates machine learning regression models to validate simulation results and provide a predictive framework for performance optimization, evaluating these models using various statistical metrics. This comprehensive approach demonstrates the synergy between advanced materials science and computational techniques in developing next-generation optoelectronic devices. By combining theoretical modeling, simulation, and machine learning, the research highlights the potential to accelerate progress in IR detection technology and enhance device performance and efficiency. This multidisciplinary methodology could serve as a model for future studies in optoelectronics, illustrating how advanced materials and computational methods can be utilized to enhance device capabilities.
Additively manufactured microwave sensor for glucose level detection in saliva
Authors: Piekarz Ilona , Skarzynski Kacper , Piekarz Blanka , Wincza Krzysztof , Gruszczynski Slawomir , Sloma Marcin , Sorocki Jakub
Published: November 2024

In this paper, a novel realization of an ink-on-glass microwave sensor for biomedical applications is proposed. The Aerosol Jet Printing (AJP) technology is leveraged to implement a compact single-layer coplanar waveguide sensor featuring arc-shaped interdigital fingers that can accommodate a droplet of the Material-Under-Test (MUT). Such geometry provides a high sensitivity to even a very small deviation of MUT`s electrical properties when placed as a superstrate. An application towards the detection of trace amounts of glucose in saliva, which is a biomarker for diabetes, is showcased. The design and fabrication process of an exemplary sensor is discussed in detail. A circular geometry feature is introduced that helps a droplet to lie over the sensitive region due to wettability difference of glass substrate and silver ink. Sensor operating in K-band is developed providing a tradeoff between circuit size and droplet volume. The study is conducted for an artificial saliva requiring roughly a 0.5 µL droplet where changes in mixture content are proportional to relative changes of sensor`s transmission coefficient in a broad frequency range for occupied vs. empty states. The obtained results show that 10 mg of glucose per 100 ml of saliva can be easily distinguished in a frequency range of 20–30 GHz, whereas a monotonical change is visible for frequencies 20–26 GHz, which indicates the applicability of this sensor towards the detection of saliva-glucose levels and potential application in the detection of small amounts of other substances in liquids.
The key role of forest disturbance in reconciling estimates of the northern carbon sink
Authors: O’Sullivan Michael , Sitch Stephen , Friedlingstein Pierre , Luijkx Ingrid T. , Peters Wouter , Rosan Thais M. , Arneth Almut , Arora Vivek K. , Chandra Naveen , Chevallier Frédéric , Ciais Philippe , Falk Stefanie , Feng Liang , Gasser Thomas , Houghton Richard A. , Jain Atul K. , Kato Etsushi , Kennedy Daniel , Knauer Jürgen , McGrath Matthew J. , Niwa Yosuke , Palmer Paul I. , Patra Prabir K. , Pongratz Julia , Poulter Benjamin , Rödenbeck Christian , Schwingshackl Clemens , Sun Qing , Tian Hanqin , Walker Anthony P. , Yang Dongxu , Yuan Wenping , Yue Xu , Zaehle Sönke
Published: November 2024

Northern forests are an important carbon sink, but our understanding of the driving factors is limited due to discrepancies between dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) and atmospheric inversions. We show that DGVMs simulate a 50% lower sink (1.1 ± 0.5 PgC yr−1 over 2001–2021) across North America, Europe, Russia, and China compared to atmospheric inversions (2.2 ± 0.6 PgC yr−1). We explain why DGVMs underestimate the carbon sink by considering how they represent disturbance processes, specifically the overestimation of fire emissions, and the lack of robust forest demography resulting in lower forest regrowth rates than observed. We reconcile net sink estimates by using alternative disturbance-related fluxes. We estimate carbon uptake through forest regrowth by combining satellite-derived forest age and biomass maps. We calculate a regrowth flux of 1.1 ± 0.1 PgC yr−1, and combine this with satellite-derived estimates of fire emissions (0.4 ± 0.1 PgC yr−1), land-use change emissions from bookkeeping models (0.9 ± 0.2 PgC yr−1), and the DGVM-estimated sink from CO2 fertilisation, nitrogen deposition, and climate change (2.2 ± 0.9 PgC yr−1). The resulting ‘bottom-up’ net flux of 2.1 ± 0.9 PgC yr−1 agrees with atmospheric inversions. The reconciliation holds at regional scales, increasing confidence in our results.
Diamond-like Carbon (DLC) as a Biocompatible Coating for Biomedical Engineering
Authors: Dhanola Anil
Published: November 2024

The development of biocompatible materials has emerged as one of the most demanding research areas within materials science and engineering. To date, substantial research has been conducted to advance biomedical systems including artificial knees, joints, heart valves, and coronary stents, intended for successful implantation in the human body. Metallic materials like stainless steel, titanium, and magnesium alloys are commonly used in biomedical applications. However, without sufficient surface modification, metallic materials may present several issues, including inadequate biocompatibility, accelerated degradation, wear, and corrosion problems. DLC is a desirable coating material due to its excellent hardness, low coefficient of friction (CoF), high insulation, excellent chemical stability, etc. It has shown biocompatibility, validated through both in vivo and in vitro studies. DLC-coated implantable medical devices and surgical instruments have been found to be a potential option compared to other options. Yet, further efforts are required to address issues like the instability of DLC caused by elevated residual stress and inadequate adhesion properties. In this chapter, a comprehensive discussion on the latest developments in DLC materials used in biomedical engineering, along with future suggestions, has been addressed. The chapter is expected to offer valuable support to researchers working on the development of high-performance coating materials for biomedical fields.
Microparticle- and Nanoparticle-enabled Biocompatible Coatings in Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Ly Nhu Ky , Nguyen Triet Thanh , Phan Long Hoang
Published: November 2024

Nanomedicine has emerged as a promising technique for a wide range of medical applications, including drug delivery, diagnostics, and regenerative medicine. However, the translation of nanomedicine from bench to bedside encounters problems due to its toxicity and insufficient standardized assessment methods. In particular, for the successful use of micro- and nanoparticles in drug delivery systems, biocompatibility is one of the most important aspects to consider. This chapter presents a common but somewhat inconsistent understanding of particle biocompatibility and methods for in vitro and in vivo evaluation. In addition, a plethora of biocompatible particles, including polymeric, lipid-based, mesoporous silica, metal-based, biomimetic, and emerging particles, have been explored, with a focus on their applications in drug delivery systems. The design and fabrication of these materials are also discussed, highlighting the ones most commonly used to enhance the biocompatibility of these particles. The use of biocompatible particles contributes to improved drug stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery, thereby enhancing treatment efficacy. They also show characteristics of decreased opsonization while minimizing side effects, thus improving the safety profile. This chapter concludes with a discussion of prevailing challenges and future implications for the development of biocompatible pharmaceuticals.
Fluorogenic detection of cyanide ions in pure aqueous media through an intramolecular crossed-benzoin reaction: limitations unveiled and possible solutions
Authors: Gaumerd Vincent , Capello Yoan , Bonnin Quentin , Renard Pierre-Yves , Romieu Anthony
Published: November 2024

Cyanide sensing in water through fluorogenic intramolecular crossed-benzoin reaction is improved by structure alteration of probe IND-1. The combined use of a traceless cleavable spacer and umbelliferone was identified as a valuable solution.
Semi-hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes over Pd nanoparticles embedded in Mo2C prepared from a high-temperature pulse
Authors: Zhou Chang , Han Haitao , Zhang Jian , Mu Xiaoxue , Huang Jianbin , Lin Dongquan , Xiao Feng-Shou
Published: November 2024

Embedded Pd nanoparticles prepared from a high-temperature pulse are efficient for semi-hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes.
Structural properties, thermodynamic stability and reaction pathways for solid-state synthesis of Bi2WO6 polymorphs
Authors: Doan-Thi Hien , Tran-Phan-Thuy Linh , Pham-Van Hai , Luc-Huy Hoang
Published: November 2024

DFT studies of Bi2WO6 polymorphs reveal their properties and predict efficient solid-state synthesis pathways from Bi2O3 and WO3, involving intermediates like Bi14WO24 and Bi2W2O9.
Halogen-bond-assisted radical remote difunctionalization of bicyclo[1.1.1]butane skeletons
Authors: Liu Hui , Fu Zhenda , Li Xingwei , Yu Songjie
Published: November 2024

Transition-metal-free radical remote difunctionalization of bicyclo[1.1.1]butane skeletons in both two- and three-component fashions is presented.
Functionalization of monolithic MOF thin films with hydrocarbon chains to achieve superhydrophobic surfaces with tunable water adhesion strength
Authors: Bogdanova Evgenia , Liu Modan , Hodapp Patrick , Borbora Angana , Wenzel Wolfgang , Bräse Stefan , Jung André , Dong Zheqin , Levkin Pavel A. , Manna Uttam , Hashem Tawheed , Wöll Christof
Published: November 2024

Grafting hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains to the outer surface of a MOF thin film with well-defined spacing induces entropy-driven superhydrophobic performance.