bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional medical approach to food intolerance
Authors:   Korean Institute for Functional Medicine, Lee Sang-Hoon , Kim Sang Man
Published: November 2022

Food intolerances are defined as difficulty digesting or metabolizing a particular food. They are a subset of adverse food reactions. Adverse food reactions include immune-mediated food allergies and non-immune-mediated food intolerances. Food intolerances are estimated to affect up to 15-20% of the population, but understanding of diagnosis and management is complicated and controversial, and given presentation and mechanisms associated also vary greatly. In addition, food intolerances can be associated with various clinical imbalances of functional medicine, such as dysbiosis, leaky gut syndrome, histamine imbalance, and functional adrenal insufficiency. This review aims to provide a scientific update and clinical application of food intolerances in the perspective of functional medicine.
Observaciones del parasitismo de Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) sobre pupas de Quadrus cerialis (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) en Piper reticulatum (Piperaceae) en la Reserva Biológica Dr. Rodrigo Tarté, Ciudad del Saber, Panamá.
Authors: Murgas Alonso Santos , Osorio Arenas Miguel A. , Abrego L. Jeancarlos , Rivera L. José A. , Vargas H. Carlos S.
Published: November 2022

En la medida que aumentemos el conocimiento sobre los parasitoides u cualquier enemigo natural, son aportes muy relevantes. Estos grupos de insectos aportan un valor invaluable, ya que ayudan a mantener el equilibrio de las poblaciones de insectos y en especial los insectos plagas en los diferentes ecosistemas terrestres. El objetivo de este trabajo es reportar por primera vez el parasitoide Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) sobre pupas de la mariposa Quadrus cerialis (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) sobre plántulas de Piper tuberculatum, estás observaciones biológicas se realizaron en la Reserva Biológica Dr. Rodrigo Tarté, Ciudad del Saber, provincia de Panamá. Se muestrearon un total de seis plántulas de Piper reticulatum (Piperaceae); que presentaban una altura promedio de entre 0.5 – 1.0 metros, se ubicaban en un área abierta a los lados del sendero, carretera de asfalto dentro de la Reserva (Ciudad del Saber). El material colectado fue puesto en jaulas de eclosión de insectos con el fin de mantener las hojas en condiciones adecuadas para que los insectos (larvas y pupas) completaran su desarrollo. Se incubaron a una temperatura de 25± 2 °C con un fotoperiodo de 12:12 hora/luz. Se realizaron revisiones diarias para registrar el desarrollo de las larvas y parasitoides emergidos. Los insectos parasitoides obtenidos se etiquetaron y preservaron en alcohol al 70%. Como resultados se obtuvieron seis individuos de Q. cerialis en la Reserva Biológica Rodrigo Tarté, Ciudad del Saber; se pudo obtener de tres larvas y dos pupas, 5 adultos de Q. cerialis y de una pupa, 12 hembras y 2 machos del parasitoide Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae); la pupa de Q. cerialis parasitada, presentaba coloración oscura con signos evidente de estar parasitada. El control biológico que ejerce P. elaeisis sobre pupas de Q. cerialis podría ser una alternativa al uso de los plaguicidas químicos, que son utilizados masivamente en sistemas agrícolas para combatir plagas, como por ejemplo las especies de lepidópteras que enrollan u doblan hojas en cultivos agrícolas; como es el caso de Q. cerialis (Hesperiidae).
Impactos al ambiente y a la salud pública por Bifenilos Policlorados PCBs en el Callejón de Huaylas - Región Ancash
Authors: Maguiña Gerardo Norabuena , Rodríguez Anaya Rosa , Salazar Magdalena Milla
Published: November 2022

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo identificar y determinar la presencia de PCBs en el ámbito del Callejón de Huaylas y los impactos que puedan causar en la salud y al ambiente. Para ello, se ha tomado en consideración las guías y manuales para la identificación y el manejo ambiental de existencias de dichos PCBs, asimismo los métodos estandarizados y directrices del UNEP. Como resultado de las evaluaciones, se ha podido determinar la existencia de PCBs, en el aceite dieléctrico del transformador ubicado en el distrito de Ticapampa, el cual fue muestreado y analizado, encontrándose Askarel o Aroclor en su composición, debido a su conservación y antigüedad del equipo; confirmándose así la existencia de dichos productos químicos en nuestro medio. La investigación concluyó que, en el caso de los impactos a la salud, los trabajadores que tuvieron contacto directo con los equipos, no cuentan con EPPs, no cuentan con un control médico, ni registro del mismo; manifestando tener problemas de salud. Con respecto al impacto en el ambiente, los operadores manifiestan que la disposición de los residuos no es el adecuado; al contrario, son dispuestos junto a los residuos domésticos; además de quemarlos, generando contaminación del aire.
Uso del ichu y yeso para mejorar el confort térmico de viviendas de tapial en zonas altoandinas de la provincia de Pomabamba - Ancash - 2021
Authors: Vega Gonzáles Franklin Enrique
Published: November 2022

La presente investigación evalúa el confort térmico de viviendas de tapial, empleando ichu y yeso en el revestimiento de muros en zonas altoandinas de la provincia de Pomabamba. La metodología fue experimental; se ha tomado 05 viviendas de tapial de igual o superior a 3500msnm, posteriormente se ha determinado las características térmicas sin y con la intervención de ichu y yeso en el revestimiento de muros, la temperatura promedio por vivienda sin la intervención osciló entre (8.9  11.9°C), con un valor medio de 10.5°C y con  la intervención tuvo una ligera fluctuación oscilando entre (9.5  12.6°C), con un incremento de 0.7°C, logrando una temperatura interior promedio de 11.2°C, pero no se logra la temperatura mínima requerida de 17°C; mientras la humedad relativa promedio por vivienda sin la intervención osciló entre (57  61%), con un valor medio de 59%, y con la intervención osciló entre (62  76%), con un incremento de 10%, logrando una humedad interior promedio de 69%, porcentaje no confortable, debido que la estación de verano en la sierra peruana es con presencia de lluvias. Asimismo, los beneficios económicos de acuerdo a las actividades realizadas generaron un costo de s/33.79 por m2.
A Model Regulator? Investigating Reactive and Proactive Labour Standards Enforcement in Canada’s Federally Regulated Private Sector
Authors: Vosko Leah , Noack Andrea (Andie) , King Adam , Osten Victoria , Clare Emily
Published: November 2022

This article examines labour standards violations and enforcement activities in Canada’s federally regulated private sector (FRPS) between 2006 and 2018. Drawing on an administrative data set (known as the Labour Application 2000 (LA2K)) from the federal Labour Program of Employment and Social Development Canada – we illustrate the dominance of a complianceoriented approach to labour standards enforcement in the federal labour inspectorate. This compliance-oriented model of enforcement assumes that most labour standards violations result from lack of knowledge on the part of employers, and that violations are exceptional rather than a regular feature of contemporary business practices geared to cost-containment. Further, the dominance of a compliance-based enforcement strategy is rooted in the historically unique working conditions, industrial composition, and social demographics of the FRPS. In short, the sector has been characterized historically by a disproportionate number of large firms, and a highly male-dominated workforce, engaged in full-time permanent employment. However, numerous labour standards violations are evident in growing pockets of precarious employment, particularly among small firms in the trucking sector. We argue that the litmus test for the regime’s efficacy should be the degree to which it serves employees in the most precarious employment situations. The inspectorate devotes relatively little time to proactive workplace inspections. Those violations that inspectors do uncover through proactive inspections are principally non-monetary and are rectified primarily on the basis of securing employers’ written commitments to bring their practices into compliance with minimum standards. By way of conclusion, the article outlines the ways in which reliance on a compliance model of enforcement in the FRPS may be contributing to the erosion of labour standards, particularly for those workers in industries where small firms dominate and precarious employment is concentrated, and calls for a more deterrence-oriented approach.
THE EFFECT OF TRACE ELEMENTS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF PERENNIAL NATIVE GRASSES AND FEED QUALITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE EXTREME NORTH-EAST OF RUSSIA
Authors:   Magadan Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Zavarukhina L. V. , Ivanova O. G. ,   Magadan Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture
Published: November 2022

The improvement of the fodder base of the full nutrition of farm animals is a priority direction of the development of agriculture in the region. Prevention of the process of degradation and reduction of productivity of meadow phytocenoses occurring under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors determined the relevance of this work. The research was carried out on the basis of the Department of Agroecology, experimental nurseries and the chemical-analytical laboratory of the Magadan Research Institute of Agriculture (Magadan). The aim of the work was to obtain experimental data on the study of the effect of trace elements (Cu, Zn, B) on the productivity of meadow agroecosystems and the quality of forage phytocenoses. The effect of the combined use of macro- and microelements on the productivity of old-age crops of Eastern beckmania (Beckmannia syzigachne (Steudal) Fernald) and reed foxtail (Alopecurus arundinaceus Poire) and feed quality was studied. According to the results of the experiment, the introduction of copper against the background of a full mineral fertilizer had a positive effect on the yield of the eastern bekmania in the year of application, increasing the hay yield by 2.7 times and the protein yield per hectare by 3.8 times. Foliar fertilizing with boron and zinc in the year of application with a lack of moisture sharply increased the yield of crops of moisture-loving eastern bekmania by 7.9 times. The productivity and quality of the reed foxtail grass has been increased with the addition of copper (37.6%) and zinc (44.9%). The greatest increase in the protein content in foxtail hay was provided by the introduction of boron, in the year of fertilizing the herbage – 14.2%, in the aftereffect - 17.4%. Under the influence of copper, the content of carotene in the dry matter of the eastern bekmania hay significantly increased – in the year of application – by 124%, in the aftereffect – by 43%; and fat – by 15% and 8%, respectively, the calcium content increased significantly: by 25% compared to the control.
NATURAL REGENERATION IN MIXED MULTIPLE-AGED FORESTS ON URBANIZED TERRITORIES OF MOSCOW
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Lebedev A. V. , Gemonov A. V. ,   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Volkov S. N. ,   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Kalmykova E.S. ,   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Kanadin O. V. ,   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Mironova G. M. ,   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Areshchenko V. R. ,   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy
Published: November 2022

The effectiveness of forests therapeutic impact is based on its species’ and age structure, silvicultural features, biological productivity, regenerative ability, forest management intensity and its methods. The processes of natural regeneration of a forest stand and its growth are the main factors of the forest’s ecosystem proper functioning and a disruption in these processes can lead to a transformation of the whole biocenosis, a change of a typological community. Technogenic pollution is a huge stress factor for trees, and its impact is especially evident in regions with a high concentration of industrial facilities, namely, in Moscow city. One of the most serious consequences of technogenic pollution is the deterioration of long-established forests, which subsequently may reduce its ability to adapt to ever-changing environmental conditions and its protective functions. The article discusses issues regarding the natural regeneration of forests on urbanized territories of Moscow on the example of the Forest experimental station of the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. The natural regeneration of tree species is one of the most relevant issues of forest and park management. The aim of this project is to estimate natural regeneration in mixed forest stands of urbanized areas, to provide recommendations on the organization of forest regeneration measures in urban environments. The article provides methods and results of field research and recommendations on reforestation measures under these conditions. The research of the cenobiotic connections and the undergrowth of different species with key elements of grass cover in its habitat, will allow a more positive dynamics in the use of natural resources, which will contribute to preservation and restoration of forests.
Meningkatkan Pemahaman Mengenai Covid-19, Literasi Digital dan Pendapatan Masyarakat Kampung Dukuh
Authors: Mauluddin Yusuf , Delfiana Heby , Sapitri Intan Devita , Jibral Rijal Al , Fahmi Dea , Ramdani Reza Taufik
Published: November 2022

Artikel ini dibuat untuk melaporkan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat melalui Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) yang dilaksanakan di Kampung Dukuh Desa Karyamukti Kecamatan Cibatu Kabupaten Garut. Kegiatan yang dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk membantu pemerintah dalam sosialisasi dan dampak wabah Covid -19 di daerah tersebut. Program kerja yang dilaksanakan terdiri sosialisasi pengetahuan mengenai Covid-19,  literasi digital, dan peningkatan kapasitas daerah. Program kerja yang dibuat dilaksanakan dalam waktu empat minggu di bulan Agustus 2020. Terdapat empat aktivitas utama yang dilaksanakan yaitu aktivitas peningkatan pengetahuan Covid-19 di Masyarakat Kampung Dukuh, aktivitas peningkatan kapasitas, karena masyarakat Kampung Dukuh sebagian besar bermata pencaharian  petani/buruh tani, aktivitas Literasi Digital pada masyarakat Kampung Dukuh, dan aktivitas pengabdian atau kemannusiaan kita dalam gotong royong bersama masyarakat Kampung Dukuh Hasil dari kegiatan tersebut adalah masyakat di daerah sasaran mendapatkan pengetahuan mengenai  Covid -19, literasi digital, dan peningkatan kapasitas daerah.
Self-directed learning quotient and common learning types of pre-medical students in Korea by the Multi-Dimensional Learning Strategy Test 2nd edition: a descriptive study
Authors: Kim Sun , Cho A Ra , Chung Chul Woon
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to find the self-directed learning quotient and common learning types of pre-medical students through the confirmation of 4 characteristics of learning strategies, including personality, motivation, emotion, and behavior. The response data were collected from 277 out of 294 target first-year pre-medical students from 2019 to 2021, using the Multi-Dimensional Learning Strategy Test 2nd edition. The most common learning type was a self-directed type (44.0%), stagnant type (33.9%), latent type (14.4%), and conscientiousness type (7.6%). The self-directed learning index was high (29.2%), moderate (24.6%), somewhat high (21.7%), somewhat low (14.4%), and low (10.1%). This study confirmed that many students lacked self-directed learning capabilities for learning strategies. In addition, it was found that the difficulties experienced by each student were different, and the variables resulting in difficulties were also diverse. It may provide insights into how to develop programs that can help students increase their self-directed learning capability.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Part 2: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis
Authors: Charach Lior , Zusmanovitch Lior , Charach Gideon
Published: November 2022

Clinical presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can vary from asymptomatic patients to patients presenting variable symptoms such as pain, lethargy, jaundice, hepatic encephalopathy, anasarca, ascites, variceal bleeding, diarrhoea, paraneoplastic symptoms, cutaneous manifestations, and abnormal laboratory values. Diagnosis of HCC is based on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and tumour markers. The most commonly used is alpha fetoprotein.1,2 MRI is the imaging method of choice, although it has decreased sensitivity in detecting lesions <2 cm.3 Other possibilities include biomarkers such as embryonic antigen, protein antigen, enzymes and isoenzymes, cytokines, and genetic biomarkers. Liver biopsy is used in selected patients who do not present typical features of HCC on CT or MRI. Surveillance by ultrasound is recommended every 6 months in cirrhotic patients. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) scoring system has been proposed for staging of HCC, and numerous scoring systems have been developed to evaluate progression and determine treatment possibilities; they take into account the clinical as well as the laboratory and pathological criteria, biomarkers, biopsy, and imaging methods.
Indigenous Futurisms and Decolonial Horror: An Interview with Rebecca Roanhorse
Authors: Marie Schoonover Madelyn
Published: November 2022

This interview with Black and Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo author Rebecca Roanhorse explores the innovations she has brought to horror and science-fiction genres by speaking from the colonial difference and centring Indigenous histories, cosmologies, and spirituality in her works. The influence of Grace Dillon’s concept of Indigenous Futurisms on Roanhorse’s oeuvre is explored, as is the importance of Indigenous representation in white-dominated literary fields and how such representation can resist colonial repression while empowering Indigenous people in real life. Finally, Roanhorse speaks to the ways in which corporations such as Lucasfilm and Marvel are increasingly acknowledging a historic lack of diversity – or a historic offensive stereotyping of marginalised groups – and actively working to undo this harm by producing series entirely created by Indigenous writers that expand opportunities and give them the license to create stories from their unique cultural perspective.
Investigation of surge in a 1.5-stage transonic axial compressor
Authors: Mütschard Silas , Werner Jan , Kunkel Christian , Karl Maximilian , Schiffer Heinz-Peter , Biela Christoph , Robens Sebastian
Published: November 2022

In this paper we give insight into characteristics of a 1.5-stage transonic axial compressor rig with focus on surge during a stalled operating point. The new compressor rig at TU Darmstadt is representative for the front stage of an industrial gas turbine. Transient throttling maneuvers were conducted for multiple operating points during the first test campaign of the TCD 2 (Transonic Compressor Darmstadt 2), providing an extensive set of unsteady structural and aerodynamic data beyond the stability limit. Enhanced analytical methods allow detailed studies including aerodynamic spectral analysis as well as determination of propagation speed and size of disturbances. The results differ from observations at comparable test rigs, revealing an interesting manifestation of stall: In a wide range of the stability limit it shows a periodicity. The stall emerges and vanishes recurrently, causing strong oscillations of the pressure ratio. Additional unsteady measurements of the mass flow indicate a surge. Regarding the compressor map, this results in staggering operating points, showing a hysteresis. However, due to a rather small plenum and experience with a similar test rig the TCD 2 was not expected to surge. Comprehensive analyses are carried out to characterize this phenomenon.
PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI BOWLL UNTUK PERHITUNGAN KEBUTUHAN KALORI DENGAN METODE WATERFALL
Authors: Fahanani Agwin Fahmi , Habibie Intan Yusuf , Kamajaya Leonardo , Nurvandy
Published: November 2022

Pangan merupakan kebutuhan pokok bagi kelangsungan hidup manusia. Pola makan seseorang yang buruk dipengaruhi oleh banyaknya junk food dan fast food yang tidak diketahui kandungan gizinya. Selain itu, kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat tentang kebutuhan kalori turut menyebabkan sulitnya seseorang dalam menentukan pola makan yang sehat dan seimbang. Kalori dalam tubuh dikatakan seimbang jika kalori yang dikonsumsi sama dengan kalori yang dikeluarkan oleh tubuh. Kelebihan kalori dapat meningkatkan risiko hipertensi, obesitas, penyakit jantung, stroke, diabetes, dan masalah kesehatan lainnya. Laju metabolisme basal dapat digunakan untuk menghitung kebutuhan kalori tubuh untuk melakukan aktivitas dengan menggunakan rumus Harris Benedict. Aplikasi untuk menghitung kebutuhan kalori dan menghitung kalori dari makanan yang dikonsumsi dibuat untuk memudahkan masyarakat dalam menghitung kebutuhan kalorinya. Aplikasi dibuat menggunakan block programming pada website Kodular dan diuji menggunakan metode black box. Aplikasi ini dapat digunakan untuk menghitung kebutuhan kalori serta untuk merencanakan pola makan yang sehat dan seimbang.
ADOPSI REPETITIF COVERTEXT PADA MEODEL ENKRIPSI PDAC
Authors: Hari Murti  , Edy Supriyanto  , Rara Redjeki  , Eka Ardhianto
Published: November 2022

Perkembangan internet memberikan dampak kemudahan dalam melakukan komunikasi dan pertukaran informasi. Meskipun demikian, informasi yang dikirimkan melalui internet memiliki kecenderungan terbuka untuk banyak pihak. Permasalahan confidentiality informasi yang berkaitan dengan kerahasiaan informasi, menjadi nilai kritis dalam mengamankan informasi bagi entitas terbatas. Teknik kriptografi dan steganografi berperan penting dalam pengamanan informasi. Gabungan keduanya memberikan tingkat keamanan informasi yang lebih kuat dan sulit dipecahkan. Model enkripsi Parallel Encryption with Digit Arithmetic of Covertext (PDAC) mengadopsi teknik kriptografi dan teknik steganografi dalam pengamanan pesan. PDAC merupakan model enkripsi dengan berbasis XOR. Pengamanan informasi menggunakan teknik enkripsi perlu memperhatikan aturan aturan yang terdapat dalam algoritma yang digunakan. Seperti halnya dalam penggunaan PDAC sebagai algoritma enkripsi, juga memerlukan kesesuaian pada proses pemilihan coverteksnya. Ketepatan jumlah covertext dalam PDAC mempengaruhi berjalan atau tidaknya PDAC dalam mengenkripsi pesan. Jika jumlah pesan sangat panjang maka akan menjadi sulit bagi pengguna dalam menentukan coverteksnya dan jika jumlah covertext PDAC tidak sesuai, maka proses enkripsi akan menjadi tidak sempurna. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan pengubahan model dengan menutup celah PDAC. Modifikasi model yang diusulkan mengadopsi penggunaan covertext yang diterapkan secara berulang. Perulangan covertext yang diterapkan dalam PDAC mampu memproses pengamanan informasi secara menyeluruh. Keuntungan lain yang diperoleh ialah modifikasi ini memudahkan pengguna untuk menggunakan PDAC tanpa harus memenuhi kebutuhan minimum covertextnya.
ANALISIS PEMILIHAN MEDIA PROMOSI DIGITAL BERDASARKAN PERILAKU KONSUMEN MENGGUNAKAN APRIORI
Authors: Hendy M.Taufiq Sauma , Budiman Saiful Nur , Yuana Haris
Published: November 2022

Associatian Rule merupakan metode data mining untuk menentukan asosiasi berbasis aturan dan menentukan korelasi antar variabel dalam suatu kumpulan data. Pada penelitian ini penggunaan metode association rule dipilih karena bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan algoritma apriori pada penelitian analisis dan juga mengetahui hasil pengujian dari pemilihan media promosi digital berdasarkan perilaku pembelian pelanggan.  Dengan demikian melalui penelitian ini, pelaku UKM bisa mengetahui media digital yang paling tepat untuk mempromosikan produk kepada pelanggan yang sekarang lebih menyukai berbelanja secara online. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 2 kombinasi itemset media yang cocok digunakan sebagai media promosi yang efektif, dimana media yang memiliki asosiasi terkuat adalah yaitu Instagram dan influenser. Kuatnya ikatan antar media yang meyakinkan dan dapat dijadikan acuan karena ketepatan kombinasi itemset yang saling berkorelasi dan validitas yang dihasilkan. Menetapkan nilai support minimal 0,3 dan  confidence minimal 0,8 untuk menghitung metode association rule, terlihat bahwa komponen (D,H) yang mewakili Instagram dan influencer memiliki nilai support sebesar 0,388889 dan nilai confidence sebesar 0,807692.Kemudian untuk hasil pengujian didapatkan hasil lift ratio lebih besar dari 1 yaitu sebesar 1,615385 yang menunjukkan adanya sinergi antara Instagram dengan influencer. Dengan demikian, para UKM dapat menjadikan hasil penelitian ini sebagai alat bisnis  digital melalui Instagram dan influencer untuk meningkatkan penjualan produknya.
Analytics of ESPCam on Arduino-Based Automatic Clothesline Protectors
Authors: Kridoyono Agung , Sudaryanto Aris , Sasongko Dimas , Harianto Akhmad Dicky
Published: November 2022

The ability to recognize weather conditions, such as rain or heat, is a main feature of the automatic clothesline. In previous research we developed an automatic clothesline that can recognize weather conditions using rain sensors and LDR with a success rate of 80% (Dicky et al. 2022). To be more convincing, in this research we added ESPCam to be able to see clothes and the weather visually, so that users can ascertain the weather conditions. This research focuses on implement ESPCam to the automatic clothesline system and testing its reliability. With ESPCam, users can view streaming, store visual image data, and turn on or off the flash LED. System testing is done by sending a command to turn on streaming on the system, followed by a command to turn on or turn off the flash LED. Based on the test data, the success rate of ESPCam used in the system reached 96.665%.
Volcanic tremor associated with the Surtsey eruption of 1963–1967
Authors: Sayyadi Sara , Gudmundsson Magnús Tumi , Einarsson Páll
Published: November 2022

The formation of the island of Surtsey over 3.5 years, remains one of the best-documented volcanic, island-forming eruptions to date. The basaltic submarine volcanic activity was detected on November 14, 1963, where ocean depth was 130 m prior to the eruption at the southern end of the Vestmannaeyjar archipelago. The eruptions occurred in several phases involving explosive and effusive activity, including the initial submarine phase on November 12–13, 1963. Separate phases of subaerial volcanic activity occurred during November 14, 1963–January 1964, January–April 1964, April 1964–May 1965, May–October 1965, December 1965–August 1966, and August 1966–June 1967. Seismic data quality from this period is inferior compared to that of modern monitoring systems. Four permanent seismic stations were operated in Iceland at the time, whereof only two, located at 115 and 140 km distance, had the sensitivity to record tremor from Surtsey. Nevertheless, the scanned analog seismograms (http://seismis.hi.is/) show that the eruptive activity was accompanied by considerable seismic activity, both earthquakes, and volcanic tremor. Earthquakes were primarily associated with changes in vent location. Both spasmodic and harmonic tremor was identified, both with low (\>3 Hz) and higher (3–5 Hz) characteristic frequencies. The results indicate a complicated relationship between tremor and magma flow rate or style of activity. During the explosive eruption, the highest magma flow rates occurred in the first 10–20 days, a period with little observed tremor. The highest tremor is observed in December 1963–March 1964, after the discharge rates had dropped substantially, and on a timescale of hours-to-days, no clear relationship between tremor and eruption style is observed. The same applies to the effusive activity, where no seismic tremor was observed during most of the effusive eruption of Surtungur, despite the fact that magma flow rates were ∼3 times higher than during later phases where some tremor was observed.
The transmission dynamics of the monkeypox virus in the presence of environmental transmission
Authors: Madubueze Chinwendu E. , Onwubuya Isaac O. , Nkem Godwin N. , Chazuka Z.
Published: November 2022

This study presents a deterministic model for the environmental transmission dynamics of monkeypox (MPX) in the presence of quarantine and vaccination. The analysis of the model established three important equilibrium states namely; monkeypox-free equilibrium (MPXV-FE), infected rodent-free endemic equilibrium (IRF-EE), and coexistence equilibrium (CO-EE). The local and global stability of the equilibrium states is examined in terms of reproduction numbers. For global stability, the comparison theory is used for MPXV-FE while the Voltera-Lyapunov matrix theory is used for IRF-EE. Sensitivity analysis is performed using the Latin hypercube sampling method, and the results showed that environmental transmission parameters are the main driver of infection in the dynamics of MPX infection. This is further supported by numerical simulations to show the impact of environmental transmission on the MPX infection and also the validity of the theoretical analysis. Based on the results, it is recommended that health practitioners and policy-makers should constitute control strategies that will focus on reducing transmission and shedding of the virus in the environment while increasing the environmental decay rate of the MPXV. This will complement the quarantine and vaccination strategies in place.
The construction of oligonucleotide-cycloastragenol and the renoprotective effect study
Authors: Tang Lumin , Li Xiang , Qin Yu , Geng Xinyao , Wang Ruowen , Tan Weihong , Mou Shan
Published: November 2022

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) provides unique therapeutic effects for many diseases with identified efficacy during long practice. Astragalus Membranaceus (AM) is the Chinese herbal applied for kidney injury in the clinic, but it remains challenging to further enhance the efficacy. Cycloastragenol (CAG) is the ingredient isolated from AM with poor water solubility, which has shown a renoprotective effect. Herein we designed and synthesized the corresponding solid-phase module of CAG, from which CAG as a pharmaceutical element was incorporated into oligonucleotides (ON) as an ON-CAG conjugate in a programmable way by a DNA synthesizer. Cell viability study demonstrated that ON-CAG conjugate remains similar renoprotective effect as that of CAG, which efficiently recovers the activity of HK-2 cells pretreated with cisplatin. Similarly, in the renal cells treated with the conjugate, the biomarkers of kidney injury such as KIM-1 and IL-18 are downregulated, and cytokines are reduced as treated with anti-inflammatory agents. Overall, we have managed to incorporate a hydrophobic ingredient of TCM into ON and demonstrate the oligonucleotide synthesis technology as a unique approach for the mechanism study of TCM, which may facilitate the discovery of new therapeutics based on TCM.
Advances of hydrogel combined with stem cells in promoting chronic wound healing
Authors: Li Qirong , Wang Dongxu , Jiang Ziping , Li Rong , Xue Tianyi , Lin Chao , Deng Yongzhi , Jin Ye , Sun Baozhen
Published: November 2022

Wounds can be divided into two categories, acute and chronic. Acute wounds heal through the normal wound healing process. However, chronic wounds take longer to heal, leading to inflammation, pain, serious complications, and an economic burden of treatment costs. In addition, diabetes and burns are common causes of chronic wounds that are difficult to treat. The rapid and thorough treatment of chronic wounds, including diabetes wounds and burns, represents a significant unmet medical need. Wound dressings play an essential role in chronic wound treatment. Various biomaterials for wound healing have been developed. Among these, hydrogels are widely used as wound care materials due to their good biocompatibility, moisturizing effect, adhesion, and ductility. Wound healing is a complex process influenced by multiple factors and regulatory mechanisms in which stem cells play an important role. With the deepening of stem cell and regenerative medicine research, chronic wound treatment using stem cells has become an important field in medical research. More importantly, the combination of stem cells and stem cell derivatives with hydrogel is an attractive research topic in hydrogel preparation that offers great potential in chronic wound treatment. This review will illustrate the development and application of advanced stem cell therapy-based hydrogels in chronic wound healing, especially in diabetic wounds and burns.
Regional pattern and signatures of gut microbiota in rural residents with coronary heart disease: A metagenomic analysis
Authors: Li Wenlong , Li Huijun , Wang Shaolan , Han Keyang , Liu Yuan , An Zhen , Wu Hui , Li Juan , Song Jie , Wu Weidong
Published: November 2022

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is tightly associated with gut microbiota, but microbiota heterogeneity limits the application of microbial biomarkers and personalized interventions demand regional-specific features. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively characterize the regional pattern of gut microbiota in rural residents with CHD and assess the predictive value and clinical correlations of local microbial signatures. We profiled the gut microbiota by shotgun metagenomic sequencing from 19 CHD and 19 healthy residents in rural Xinxiang, China, and tested the physiological parameters. The results indicated that microbial diversity, as well as KEGG orthology (KO) and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) functions, deserved no significant disparities between CHD and healthy residents. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes phylum was significantly lower and unclassified Lachnospiraceae genus, and Eubacterium rectale species were markedly higher in CHD residents compared with the healthy control. Co-occurrence network revealed a more diverse and scattered ecology in CHD residents. LEfSe identified 39 potential biomarkers and butanoate metabolism and glycosyltransferases families were the enhanced KO and CAZymes in CHD residents, respectively. Twenty key signatures were determined by the random forest algorithm and most of them belonged to the Clostridium cluster. These key signatures harbored a superior accuracy of 83.9% to distinguish CHD and healthy residents and, fasting serum insulin, diastolic blood pressure, and body mass index were the top three clinical parameters influencing the gut bacterial community. Furthermore, we also found that low-density lipoprotein and waist circumference had significantly positive correlations with the members of the Clostridium cluster. These findings expand our knowledge in the regional-specific pattern of gut microbiota for rural CHD residents and highlight the non-invasive diagnostic value and clinical correlations of microbial signatures.
Detection of Brucella S2 vaccine strain by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method
Authors: Mu Jiaming , Li Qi , Yan Xu , Mao Xiaowei , Shi Yaqin , Qin Yun , Liu Chunxia , Wang Wenlong
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Brucellosis is a highly prevalent zoonotic disease caused byBrucellaspp.Brucella suisS2 vaccination is an effective strategy to prevent animal brucellosis. However, S2 induces antibodies against the smooth lipopolysaccharide,making it challenging to distinguish field infected from vaccinated livestock. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for infection control and prevention. In this study, we aimed to develop a quick and accurate assay to distinguish theBrucellaS2vaccine strain from closely relatedB. abortusandB. melitensis.

Methods

Whole-genome sequencing ofB. suis S2was performed, and the sequence was compared with that of the genomes ofB. abortusandB. melitensis. One specific gene,GL_0002189, was selected as a marker to differentiate theBrucellaS2vaccine strain fromB. abortusandB. melitensis. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed, based on theGL_0002189gene, and then assessed for target specificity, lower limit of detection, and repeatability.

Results

Our results revealed that there was no cross-reaction with other strains, and the LAMP assay displayed high sensitivity for detecting S2 with a minimum detection limit of 18.9×103 copies/µL DNA input, it is nearly 100 times higher than conventional PCR technology. Concordance between the LAMP assay and a conventional polymerase chain reaction method was assessed using 54 blood samples collected from sheep with suspected brucellosis. Total concordance between the two assays was 92.6%, without a significant difference (p > 0.05) in the test results.

Conclusion

This is the first report of a LAMP assay for the detection of theB. suisS2vaccine strain. Our approach can be helpful for the control and eradication of brucellosis, and its simplicity in requiring no specialized equipment or personnel makes it useful for implementation in resource-limited settings as well as for field use.
Development and validation of a machine learning-augmented algorithm for diabetes screening in community and primary care settings: A population-based study
Authors: Liu XiaoHuan , Zhang Weiyue , Zhang Qiao , Chen Long , Zeng TianShu , Zhang JiaoYue , Min Jie , Tian ShengHua , Zhang Hao , Huang Hantao , Wang Ping , Hu Xiang , Chen LuLu
Published: November 2022

Background

Opportunely screening for diabetes is crucial to reduce its related morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic burden. Machine learning (ML) has excellent capability to maximize predictive accuracy. We aim to develop ML-augmented models for diabetes screening in community and primary care settings.

Methods

8425 participants were involved from a population-based study in Hubei, China since 2011. The dataset was split into a development set and a testing set. Seven different ML algorithms were compared to generate predictive models. Non-laboratory features were employed in the ML model for community settings, and laboratory test features were further introduced in the ML+lab models for primary care. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), area under the precision-recall curve (auPR), and the average detection costs per participant of these models were compared with their counterparts based on the New China Diabetes Risk Score (NCDRS) currently recommended for diabetes screening.

Results

The AUC and auPR of the ML model were 0·697and 0·303 in the testing set, seemingly outperforming those of NCDRS by 10·99% and 64·67%, respectively. The average detection cost of the ML model was 12·81% lower than that of NCDRS with the same sensitivity (0·72). Moreover, the average detection cost of the ML+FPG model is the lowest among the ML+lab models and less than that of the ML model and NCDRS+FPG model.

Conclusion

The ML model and the ML+FPG model achieved higher predictive accuracy and lower detection costs than their counterpart based on NCDRS. Thus, the ML-augmented algorithm is potential to be employed for diabetes screening in community and primary care settings.
Circulating tumor DNA profile and its clinical significance in patients with hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative mBC
Authors: Tang Yu , Li Jing , Liu Binliang , Ran Jialu , Hu Zhe-Yu , Ouyang Quchang
Published: November 2022

Background

After early-line (first- and second-line) endocrine therapy, hormone-receptor (HR)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancers (mBCs) become resistant to endocrine therapy. Genetic alterations may underlie resistance to endocrine therapies. This study aims to investigate the circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) alterations and the clinical implication in hormone-receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer patients with multiline endocrine therapy failure.

Methods

This registered study (NCT05079074, ClinicalTrials.gov) enrolled 104 patients with hormone-receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer who progressed after the early-line endocrine therapy. ctDNA alterations were analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS). ctDNA alterations were ranked and clustered by using R ‘ComplexHeatmap’ and ‘hclust’ function. ctDNA-guided therapy was administrated. Progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed COX regression analysis, and Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted.

Findings

The top ctDNA altered genes were TP53 (39%), PIK3CA (38%), BRCA1/2 (13%), ESR1 (12%), FGFR (11%), ERBB2 (11%), and GATA3 (9%). Among these genes, TP53, PIK3CA helix domain mutation (PIK3CA-HD), FGFR, ESR1 and GATA3 were related to endocrine therapy resistance. The genetic landscapes changed and tumor mutation burden increased in both TP53-altered and PIK3CA-altered patients. Both BRCA1/2 and ERBB2 alterations correlated with TP53 alterations (P=0.02 and P=0.04, respectively). However, while 93% BRCA1/2 alterations concentrated in PIK3CA-wildtype patients, 82% ERBB2 alterations concentrated in PIK3CA-altered patients. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that patients who received druggable ctDNA alteration-guided treatment (DDAT) had significantly longer PFS than those who received physician-chosen therapy, with median PFS of 6.1 months versus 4.6 months (hazard ratio = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.34-0.85, Logrank P = 0.006).

Conclusion

Multiple genetic alterations were important reasons for the failure of endocrine therapy for HR-positive and HER2-negative mBC. Targeting these genes might restore the treatment sensitivity and benefit survival.
Monitoring the severity of degradation and desertification by remote sensing (case study: Hamoun International Wetland)
Authors: Zolfaghari Farhad , Azarnivand Hossein , Khosravi Hasan , Zehtabian Gholamreza , Sigaroudi Shahram Khalighi
Published: November 2022

Monitoring degradation in arid and semi-arid areas is one of the main concerns for governments, given the growing degradation trend. Meanwhile, detecting the areas subjected to degradation requiring management in the shortest time and at the lowest cost is a necessity, especially in border areas such as Hamoun Wetland, located between Iran and Afghanistan. Albedo and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were calculated using remote sensing technology to monitor the degradation intensity in different periods (August 1999, 2009, 2015, and 2020). Change vector analysis in brightness and greenness indices for 1999 and 2020 was used to determine the changes in intensity. Linear regression was run between albedo and NDVI. Finally, degradation intensity (DI) map was developed to monitor degradation intensity. A confusion matrix was created between the change vector analysis (CVA) and the albedo–NDVI model to evaluate the accuracy of the map obtained from this model for 1,476 pixels of different classes. The linear regression between NDVI and albedo showed a negative correlation between indices (R = −0.849). The results showed an increase for the regions with null, low, and medium degradation intensity, while an expansion was observed for the regions with severe and extreme degradation. The confusion matrix results indicated the high accuracy (0.705) of the degradation intensity model for the study area. These changes were about 52.01% from 1999 to 2009, 7.07% from 2009 to 2015, 56.26% from 1999 to 2015, and 55.15% from 2015 to 2020. Additionally, the average rate of changes in degradation intensity between 1999 and 2020 was 13.11%.
Impact of the extinct megaherbivore Steller's sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas) on kelp forest resilience
Authors: Roopnarine Peter D. , Banker Roxanne M. W. , Sampson Scott D.
Published: November 2022

Giant kelp forests off the west coast of North America are maintained primarily by sea otter (Enhydra lutris) and sunflower sea star (Pycnopodia helianthoides) predation of sea urchins. Human hunting of sea otters in historical times, together with a marine heat wave and sea star wasting disease epidemic in the past decade, devastated these predators, leading to widespread occurrences of urchin barrens. Since the late Neogene, species of the megaherbivorous sirenian Hydrodamalis ranged throughout North Pacific giant kelp forests. The last species, H. gigas, was driven to extinction by human hunting in the mid-eighteen century. H. gigas was an obligate kelp canopy browser, and its body size implies that it would have had a significant impact on the system. Here, we hypothesize that sea cow browsing may have enhanced forest resilience. We tested this hypothesis with a mathematical model, comparing historical and modern community responses to marine heat waves and sea star wasting disease. Results indicate that forest communities were highly resistant to marine heat waves, yet susceptible to sea star wasting disease, and to disease in combination with warming. Resistance was greatest among systems with both sea cows and sea otters present. The model additionally predicts that historical communities may have exhibited delayed transitions after perturbation and faster recovery times. Sea cow browsing may therefore have enhanced resilience against modern perturbations. We propose that operationalizing these findings by mimicking sea cow herbivory could enhance kelp forest resilience.
An overview of viral mutagenesis and the impact on pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Khan Muhammad Zafar Irshad , Nazli Adila , Al-furas Hawaa , Asad Muhammad Imran , Ajmal Iqra , Khan Dildar , Shah Jaffer , Farooq Muhammad Asad , Jiang Wenzheng
Published: November 2022

Viruses are submicroscopic, obligate intracellular parasites that carry either DNA or RNA as their genome, protected by a capsid. Viruses are genetic entities that propagate by using the metabolic and biosynthetic machinery of their hosts and many of them cause sickness in the host. The ability of viruses to adapt to different hosts and settings mainly relies on their ability to createde novovariety in a short interval of time. The size and chemical composition of the viral genome have been recognized as important factors affecting the rate of mutations. Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a novel viral disease that has quickly become one of the world’s leading causes of mortality, making it one of the most serious public health problems in recent decades. The discovery of new medications to cope with Covid-19 is a difficult and time-consuming procedure, as new mutations represent a serious threat to the efficacy of recently developed vaccines. The current article discusses viral mutations and their impact on the pathogenicity of newly developed variants with a special emphasis on Covid-19. The biology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), its mutations, pathogenesis, and treatment strategies are discussed in detail along with the statistical data.