bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Separación de poderes, delegación legislativa y potestad reglamentaria en la Constitución española
Authors: Espín Templado Eduardo
Published: January 2020

SUMARIO: I. Introducción. II. La separación de poderes en la Constitución española. A) El principio de la separación de poderes. B) Las facultades normativas del Gobierno. III. Las potestades normativas del Gobierno. A) La potestad reglamentaria. B) Participación del Gobierno en la función legislativa. 1) Introducción. 2) Legislación de urgencia. 3) Legislación delegada. a) Naturaleza jurídica de la delegación legislativa. b) Delegación legislativa y potestad reglamentaria. c) Delegación legislativa y principio de legalidad. IV. Conclusión.
Ibáñez, Perfecto Andrés y Movilla, Claudio: «El poder judicial» (Recensión)
Authors: Aparicio Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2020

Recensión de la obra: Perfecto Andrés Ibáñez y Claudio Movilla. El Poder Judicial, edit. Tecnos, Madrid, 1986.
Cosi, Giovanni: «Saggio sulla disobbedienza civile. Storia e critica del dissenso in democrazia» (Recensión)
Authors: Herranz Castillo Rafael
Published: January 2020

Recensión de la obra: Cosi, Giovanni. Saggio sulla disobbedienza civile. Storia e critica del dissenso in democrazia. Milán, A. Giuffré Edit., 1984.
Significación del derecho parlamentario
Authors: Martínez-Elipe León
Published: January 2020

Reflexión sobre la Significación del derecho parlamentario
La Diputación Permanente en el sistema parlamentario español
Authors: Alonso de Antonio José Antonio
Published: January 2020

Reflexión sobre la necesidad de la Diputación Permanente como órgano de continuidad parlamentaria
La Corona y las Cortes en Castilla, 1590-1665
Authors: Thompson I. A. A.
Published: January 2020

Reflexión sobre otra visión de la historia de las Cortes de Castilla de finales del siglo XVI y del siglo XVII
Reflexiones sobre la normativa española para las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo
Authors: Santaolalla López Fernando
Published: January 2020

SUMARIO: 1. Rango de la normativa a aplicar.—2. Sufragio activo.—3. Sufragio pasivo.—4. Distrito y sistema electoral.—5. Porcentaje mínimo de votos y voto preferencial.—6. Presentación de candidaturas.—7. Proclamación de resultados.—8. Contencioso electoral.
Parlamento Europeo y Parlamentos nacionales
Authors: Daranas Peláez Mariano
Published: January 2020

SUMARIO: I. Introducción: Antecedentes de la materia y planteamiento metodológico. — II. Nexo orgánico o estructural entre el Parlamento Europeo y las Cámaras nacionales «el doble mandato».—III. Fórmulas y mecanismos de relación entre el parlamento europeo y los Parlamentos nacionales en materia de colaboración e intercambio de opiniones y conocimientos.—IV. Órganos y procedimientos de las Asambleas nacionales para sus relaciones con el Parlamento Europeo.—V. Valoración crítica de las diversas fórmulas descritas en relación y contacto.
La tributación de las percepciones de los diputados al Parlamento Europeo
Authors: Cazorla Prieto Luis María
Published: January 2020

SUMARIO: I. Planteamiento general.—II. Las asignaciones económicas de los diputados al parlamento Europeo y los distintos puntos de vista acerca de su tributación en los ordenamientos nacionales.—A. Las asignaciones económicas de los Diputados al Parlamento europeo.—B. La elección por sufragio universal directo de los Diputados al Parlamento europeo y los principios constitucional-comunitarios.—C. Los hechos que dieron lugar a la sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas de 15 de septiembre de 1981.—D. Alegaciones de las partes.—1. Alegaciones de Lord Bruce.—2. Alegaciones del Gobierno del Reino Unido.—3. Alegaciones del Gobierno de la República francesa.— 4. Alegaciones de la Comisión.—5. Alegaciones del Parlamento europeo.—III. Análisis de los puntos debatidos.—A. Los puntos debatidos de carácter general.—1. El frecuente reflejo del objetivo de la consecución de la Europa Unida en cuestiones concretas.—2. El juego de los principios constitucional-comunitarios. Su presencia en el supuesto debatido. El principio de autonomía del Parlamento europeo.—B. Los puntos debatidos de carácter general.—1. Explicación introductoria.—2. Indemnización por gastos de desplazamiento para reuniones oficiales en el marco de la actividad parlamentaria. — 3. Indemnización percibida por los parlamentarios con ocasión de desplazamientos efectuados en ejercicio de su mandato entre los Estados miembros. — 4. Indemnización por día de trabajo o por estancia.—5. Indemnización por gastos generales derivados de su actividad parlamentaria y no cubiertos por otras indemnizaciones.—6. Indemnización destinada a cubrir los gastos de secretaría o resultantes de la contratación o utilización de los servicios de uno o varios ayudantes.—IV. Los efectos de la sentencia del Tribunal de justicia de 15 de septiembre de 1981.—A. Consideraciones generales sobre los efectos de las sentencias del Tribunal de Justicia.—B. Los efectos de las sentencias con motivo de recurso prejudicial de carácter interpretativo.—C. Los efectos de la sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas de 15 de septiembre de 1981 en el ordenamiento tributario español. — V. Conclusiones.
El Parlamento Europeo y el Acta Única
Authors: Boyra Amposta Helena
Published: January 2020

SUMARIO: I. La función constituyente del Parlamento Europeo.—1. Los primeros «pequeños pasos». —2. La elección directa.—II. El status actual del Parlamento.—1. Competencias en los ámbitos legislativo, presupuestario y de control político.—2. Balance. Nuevos objetivos.—III. El Parlamento y el Acta Única.—1. Primera aproximación: gestación y naturaleza jurídica del Acta.—2. Las transformaciones del Parlamento.—IV. Reflexiones finales.
Comparisons between non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Goh Boon-Bee George , Kam Jia-Wen , Chang Pik-Eu , Tan Chee-Kiat
Published: January 2020

Background/Aims: Non-alcoholic liver disease and alcoholic liver disease begin as simple steatosis that may progress to steatohepatitis and ensuing liver-related complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We explored differences in characteristics between non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and alcoholic steatohepatitis-related (ASH) HCC.Methods: NASH and ASH patients were identified from our department’s prospective HCC database. A total of 54 and 45 patients met predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria for the NASH-HCC and ASH-HCC groups, respectively. Clinical, biochemical and tumor characteristics were studied.Results: NASH-HCC patients were older compared to ASH-HCC patients (72±9 vs. 66±9 years, P<0.001) and less male predominant (65% vs. 98%, P<0.001). Prevalence of diabetes mellitus (78% vs. 36%, P<0.001) and hypertension (80% vs. 58%, P<0.001) were significantly higher in the NASH-HCC group. Liver function tests and Child-Pugh scores were similar. There were no differences in alpha-fetoprotein level, lesions found at diagnosis (unifocal/multifocal) or prevalence of portal vein invasion. In both groups, almost half of the patients were in TNM stage 4 at the time of diagnosis and more than 50% of patients were not suitable for any therapy. Median survival in the NASH-HCC and ASH-HCC groups were 13 and 7 months respectively (P=0.113).Conclusions: Despite significant differences in demography of the NASH-HCC and ASH-HCC groups, liver and tumor characteristics were comparable. Most patients were diagnosed late and were not amenable to curative or locoregional therapies. Better characterization of patients with NASH and ASH at risk of HCC is necessary to optimize screening, surveillance, and management strategies.
First report of an idiopathic partial tail myonecrosis in European brown shrimp Crangon crangon caught in the North Sea
Authors: Vermeersch XHC , Decostere A , Vlaemynck G , Chiers K
Published: January 2020

The European brown shrimpCrangon crangonis an abundant and commercially important species in the North Sea. Currently, there is interest in landing live shrimp to provide fresh animals for a growing market in live brown shrimp. During 4 survival studies between 2014 and 2016, shrimp were collected from commercial trawlers and maintained alive in off-shore facilities. From Day 1 onwards, a minority of shrimp (~2.24%) developed a white discoloration of the abdominal muscles and a depigmentation of the distal part of the abdomen, along with paralysis of the affected tissues and appendages. As the symptoms progressed, a circumferential blackish delineation appeared, creating a distinct boundary between healthy and necrotic tissue. Affected shrimp survived up to 3 wk, although in several animals the distal part of the tail was completely lost. Histological and electron microscopical examination confirmed the myonecrosis. A secondary bacterial invasion of the necrotic muscle was observed in some animals. RT-PCR for infectious myonecrosis virus was negative. The condition appears not to be contagious, based on the feeding of healthy shrimp with necrotic tissue of affected shrimp. Based on these observations, a mechanical cause inflicted during the catching process is proposed.
Effects of Bepridil on Stretch-Activated BKca Channels and Stretch-Induced Extrasystoles in Isolated Chick Hearts
Authors: JIN H. , IRIBE G. , NARUSE K.
Published: January 2020

Various types of mechanosensitive ion channels, including cationic stretch-activated channels (SACNS) and stretch-activated BKca (SAKca) channels, modulate heart rhythm. Bepridil has been used as an antiarrhythmic drug with multiple pharmacological effects; however, whether it is effective for mechanically induced arrhythmia has not been well investigated. To test the effects of Bepridil on SAKca channels activity, cultured chick embryonic ventricular myocytes were used for single-channel recordings. Bepridil significantly reduced the open probability of the SAKca channel (PO). Next, to test the effects of bepridil on stretch-induced extrasystoles (SIE), we used an isolated 2-week-old Langendorff-perfused chick heart. The left ventricle (LV) volume was rapidly changed, and the probability of SIE was calculated in the presence and absence of bepridil, and the effect of the drug was compared with that of Gadolinium (Gd3+). Bepridil decreased the probability of SIE despite its suppressive effects on SAKca channel activity. The effects of Gd3+, which blocks both SAKca and SACNS, on the probability of SIE were the same as those of bepridil. Our results suggest that bepridil blocks not only SAKca channels but possibly also blocks SACNS, and thus decreases the stretch-induced cation influx (stabilizing membrane potential) to compensate and override the effects of the decrease in outward SAKca current (destabilizing membrane potential).
Correlation of Uric Acid Levels and Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: CIBIČKOVÁ L. , LANGOVÁ K. , VAVERKOVÁ H. , KUBÍČKOVÁ V. , KARÁSEK D.
Published: January 2020

Hyperuricemia has been described as associated with the risk of development metabolic syndrome; however the relationship between the uric acid level and particular parameters of metabolic syndrome remained unclear. We performed a cross-sectional study on a cohort of 833 dyslipidemic patients and correlated their levels of uric acid with parameters of insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, C-reactive protein, anthropometric parameters. We also defined patients with hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and compered their uric acid levels with those without this phenotype. We found that levels of uric acid are associated with parameters of metabolic syndrome. Specifically, dyslipidemia characteristic for metabolic syndrome (low HDL cholesterol and high triglycerides) correlates better with uric acid levels than parameters of insulin resistance. Also waist circumference correlates better with uric acid levels than body mass index. Patients with hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype had higher levels of uric acid when compared with patients without this phenotype. Serum uric acid levels are even in low levels linearly correlated with parameters of metabolic syndrome (better with typical lipid characteristics than with parameters of insulin resistance) and could be associated with higher cardiovascular risk.
Sirtuin-Activating Compounds (STACs) Alleviate D-Galactosamine/Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats: Involvement of Sirtuin 1 and Heme Oxygenase 1
Authors: KEMELO M. K. , KUTINOVÁ CANOVÁ N. , HORINEK A. , FARGHALI H.
Published: January 2020

Sirtuin activating compounds (STACs) attenuate various type of liver insults through mechanisms which are not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the ameliorative potential of quercetin (natural polyphenol) and SRT1720 (synthetic SIRT1 activator) against D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatotoxicity (an experimental model of acute liver failure). Moreover, we compared and contrasted the roles of stress responsive enzymes, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in hepatoprotection/ hepatotoxicity. Liver injury was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine (400 mg/kg) and lipopolysaccharide (10 µg/kg). Some animals were pretreated with quercetin (50 mg/kg i.p.) or SRT1720 (5 mg/kg i.p.). Twenty-four hours later, the effects of these treatments were evaluated by biochemical studies and Western blot. D-GalN/LPS treatment upregulated HO-1 expression, downregulated SIRT1 expression, decreased AST:ALT ratio and markedly increased bilirubin, catalase and conjugated diene levels. Pretreatment of D-GalN/LPS rats with either quercetin or SRT1720 returned SIRT1 expression, HO-1 expression and all the aforementioned markers towards normal. Collectively, these findings suggest that elevated HO-1 and low SIRT1 expressions are involved in the pathogenesis of D-GalN/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity. Drugs that downregulate HO-1 and/or upregulate SIRT1 seem to have antihepatotoxic effects and need further exploration.
Adult Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus From a Perspective of Discrimination and Generalization: A Hypothesis
Authors: PISTIKOVA A. , BROZKA H. , STUCHLIK A.
Published: January 2020

The function of adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus is not yet completely understood, though many competing theories have attempted to explain the function of these newly-generated neurons. Most theories give adult neurogenesis a role in aiding known hippocampal/dentate gyrus functions. Other theories offer a novel role for these new cells based on their unique physiological qualities, such as their low excitability threshold. Many behavioral tests have been used to test these theories, but results have been inconsistent and often contradictory. Substantial variability in tests and protocols may be at least partially responsible for the mixed results. On the other hand, conflicting results arising from the same tests can serve as aids in elucidating the function of adult neurogenesis. Here, we offer a hypothesis that considers the cognitive nature of tasks commonly used to assess the function of adult neurogenesis, and introduce a dichotomy between tasks focused on discrimination vs. generalization. We view these two aspects as opposite ends of the continuous spectrum onto which traditional tests can be mapped. We propose that high neurogenesis favors behavioral discrimination while low adult neurogenesis favors behavioral generalization of a knowledge or rule. Since many tasks require both, the effects of neurogenesis could be cancelled out in many cases. Although speculative, we hope that our view presents an interesting and testable hypothesis of the effect of adult neurogenesis in traditional behavioral tasks. We conclude that new, carefully designed behavioral tests may be necessary to reach a final consensus on the role of adult neurogenesis in behavior.
Dynamics of Nonlinear Processes of Corrosion of Non-Nikel Titanium Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Kolmakov A. G. , Nasakina E. O. , Sevostyanov M. A. , Konushkin S. V. , Sergiyenko K. V. , Kheifetz M. L.
Published: January 2020

Research of dynamics of nonlinear corrosion processes of non-nickel titanium shape memory alloy Ti-20Nb-10Ta is performed. Samples were placed in mediums imitating physiological liquids, with ðÍ from 1.68 to 9.18. 3 types of samples were used: in an initial state, after thermal (annealing) and surface mechanical treatment. After annealing, there is a slight narrowing of the X-ray peaks, which indicates stress relief. New phases are not allocated. The alloy is a substitution solution with a b-Ti lattice. The greatest release of titanium ions was observed in solution with the sourest environment and samples after annealing. Release of niobium and tantalum ions in solution with any acidity was not observed.
Hybrid Neural Network Model for Protection of Dynamic Cyber Infrastructure
Authors: Kalinin Maxim , Demidov Roman , Zegzhda Peter
Published: January 2020

The paper considers a combination of modern artificial neural networks (ANN) that solves the security relative task of intrusion prevention and vulnerabilities detection in cybernetic infrastructure with dynamic network topology. Self-organizing networks, WSN, m2m networks, IIoT, mesh networks are faced with the cyberthreats of specific character: dynamic routing failures, node isolation, DDoS attacks, traffic lack, etc. Most of them are caused by cybersecurity weaknesses: the software vulnerabilities and architectural features of dynamically reconfigured network. The existing methods of binary code analysis and intrusion detection can work with a small number of data sets, are designed for either code inspection or network checking, and are targeted for static networks with regular topology. The proposed neural model demonstrates an universal approach that deals with the cybersecurity weakness as a systems genuine property and attempts to approximate it using a hybrid deep ANN. The new ANN detects both the network security defects and binary code vulnerabilities at once with high accuracy (more than 0.97). It also shows good performance capacity processing big data of the undercontrolled network.
Трансграничное сотрудничество Беларуси и Европейского союза в сфере культуры
Authors: Лазоркина Ольга Игоревна
Published: January 2020

В статье анализируется современное состояние трансграничного сотрудничества Беларуси и Европейского союза в культурной сфере. Автор выделил этапы становления данного формата взаимодействия в соответствии с законодательной базой Европейского союза. Кроме того, рассматривается ряд вопросов, связанных с практикой формирования еврорегионов в Республике Беларусь. В статье подчеркивается, что приграничные территории имеют широкий спектр возможностей для развития взаимодействия на разных уровнях. Использование культурного потенциала в интересах двустороннего и многостороннего сотрудничества является приоритетным для Беларуси и Европейского союза. Особенно важным в контексте трансграничного сотрудничества видится вовлечение в данный процесс общественных организаций и частных лиц. Приграничные территории Беларуси получают возможности использовать финансовые ресурсы европейских фондов и организаций для обеспечения их устойчивого развития в культурной сфере. Вместе с тем автором выделяются основные проблемы подобного сотрудничества. В частности, показано, что существующая в Республике Беларусь нормативно-правовая база не позволяет полноценно включиться в программы культурных обменов с Европейским союзом. Совершенствование сотрудничества в культурной сфере видится, прежде всего, как условие сохранения особенностей белоруской национальной культуры.
Деятельность Белорусской ССР в Европейской экономической комиссии (1954–1964 гг.)
Authors: Свилас Светлана Францевна
Published: January 2020

На основе документов Архива МИД Республики Беларусь впервые в историографии осуществлено комплексное исследование деятельности Белорусской ССР в Европейской экономической комиссии в годы хрущевской «оттепели», когда внешнеполитическая активность республики значительно усилилась. Будучи субъектом международных отношений, она продолжала оставаться при этом субъектом советской федерации. Рассмотрено участие республики в сессиях ЕЭК и ее комитетов (по сельскому хозяйству, лесоматериалам, жилищному строительству, электроэнергии, газу, статистике), а также его результаты. Особое внимание уделено усилиям Минска по формированию института постоянного представителя БССР при Европейском отделении ООН, роли государственных структур, прежде всего внешнеполитического ведомства, и их отдельных представителей в развитии международного экономического сотрудничества. Раскрыт механизм принятия решений по вопросам отношений с ЕЭК на республиканском уровне и влияние на него общесоюзного руководства. Показаны место и роль ЕЭК в системе внешнеполитической деятельности БССР, определено значение этой структуры в деятельности республиканского МИД и международной активности других министерств и ведомств. На примере многосторонней дипломатии ЕЭК и участия в ней Белорусской ССР отражены особенности реализации принципа мирного сосуществования двух социально-политических систем в экономической сфере. Определены проблемы, сложности и результаты участия республики в ЕЭК в указанный период. Подчеркнуто, что членство БССР в комиссии имело прежде всего прагматический характер, который преобладал над пропагандистским, однако в условиях холодной войны и советской экономической системы потенциал международного сотрудничества в экономической сфере реализовывался далеко не в полной мере.
Heinrich Friedrich Von Diez’in İstanbul Elçiliği ve Faaliyetleri (1784-1790)
Authors: KURTARAN Uğur
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmada XVIII. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Osmanlı Devleti’ne Prusya elçisi olarak gönderilen Heinrich Friedrich Von Diez’inİstanbul’da kaldığı süredeki faaliyetleri üzerinde durulmuştur. İlk diplomatikgörevine 17 Mart 1784 yılında maslahatgüzar olarak başlayan Diez’in çalışmaları Prusya hükümdarı II. Friedrich Wilhelm tarafından beğenilerek 1786’da Türkiye elçiliğine getirildi. Prusya elçisi o yıllarda Avusturya ve Rusya’ya karşı bir müttefik olarak düşündüğü Osmanlı Devleti ile yakın ilişkiler kurmak için yoğun gayretler sarf etti. Aynı yıllarda (1787-1792) Osmanlı Devleti ile Rusya ve Avusturya arasında çıkan savaş, Prusya ile Osmanlı Devleti’ni birbirine yakınlaştırdı. Ortaya çıkan yeni şartlar karşısında Prusya elçisi Diez’in Babıâli’deki yoğun diplomatik çalışmaları sayesinde iki ülke arasında 1790 yılında Tecavüzî ve Tedafüî bir ittifak antlaşması imzalandı. Ancak Diez’in büyük gayretleri ile imzalanan bu antlaşma Berlin’de pek beğenilmeyerek elçinin görevine son verildi. 23 Mayıs 1790’da verilen talimatla İstanbul’dan ayrılan Diez’in 6 yıl süren İstanbul elçiliği Osmanlı-Prusya ilişkilerinin gelişiminde oldukça önemlidir. Araştırma konunun bu önemine binaen kaleme alınmış olup, Prusya elçisi Diez’in İstanbul elçiliği sırasındaki faaliyetlerini ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele almayı amaçlamaktadır
El Cáncer en la agenda global: No nos olvidemos de aquellos que tienen que enfrentarse a los costos catastróficos.
Authors: Payet Meza Eduardo
Published: January 2020

El 4 de febrero es el Día Mundial del Cáncer, y aunque toca celebrar los grandes avances y logros que el mundo ha conseguido en la lucha en el Control de la enfermedad, también debemos hacer una pausa para reflexionar en un elemento clave: la catastrófica situación que muchos pacientes y sus familiares, en cualquier parte del mundo, enfrentan durante el tratamiento, una vez que recibieron el difícil diagnóstico.
Desarrollo de competencias para la investigación en pregrado centradas en la persona
Authors: Garmendia Lorena Fausto
Published: January 2020

La formación de un profesional médico es un proceso permanente, complejo y largo, propiamente inacabable. De acuerdo a la nueva ley universitaria N° 30220 y al Estatuto de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos comprende las etapas de estudios generales, pregrado y posgrado sustentadas en los ejes fundamentales de la ética, la investigación y el trabajo en la comunidad.
Quiste aracnoideo gigante
Authors: Pérez Almedo Melissa , Torres Ramírez Luis , Vélez Rojas Miriam , Flores Mendoza Martha
Published: January 2020

Varón de 22 años sin antecedentes médicos contributorios, procedente de Piura, ingresa con tiempo de enfermedad de 14 meses, caracterizado por déficit motor y sensitivo en miembros inferiores de curso progresivo, asociado a disfunción de esfínteres. En la exploración se encontraba despierto y orientado en tiempo, espacio y persona. Ausencia de manchas café con leche. Fuerza conservada en miembros superiores. En miembros inferiores: fuerza segmentaria 2/5, hiperreflexia osteotendinosa, signo de Babinski y clonus bilateral, maniobra de Mingazzini (+), atrofia muscular y alteración de sensibilidad profunda. Nivel sensitivo D10. Exámenes auxiliares: Hemograma con 7800 leucocitos, VSG: 13, BK en esputo, orina y jugo gástrico negativos.
Declaración de Lima 2017. Educación Medica Centrada en la Persona
Authors: De Medicina Centrada en la  Persona Jornadas Latino- americanas
Published: January 2020

La concepción de la Medicina Centrada en la Persona (MCP) significa la convergencia entre la plena vigencia de los derechos humanos en el campo de la salud humana, el ejercicio efectivo de los principios éticos en la actuación profesional, y la articulación de ciencia y humanismo para la optimización de la medicina del siglo XXI.
Dr. Leslie Belmont Reátegui
Authors: Valdivia-Maibach Rodolfo
Published: January 2020

El Dr. Belmont fue un gran hombre, un gran padre, un gran hijo y sobre todo un mejor Maestro. Desde muy pequeño vivió en una familia que manejaba todo lo vinculado al aerotransporte, razón por la cual siempre le gustó la aviación, si bien no la siguió como carrera pero le encantaba el manejo de simuladores de vuelo en sus horas de ocio que fueron pocas.
Sindrome de ojo blanco, como causa de ceguera
Authors: Avilés-Calderón José Gustavo , Vargas-Chang Patricia Ximena
Published: January 2020

El Síndrome de ojo blanco como causa de ceguera busca englobar un grupo de patologías oculares cuyo desenlace es la pérdida visual. La etiología de estas enfermedades es diversa, se trata desde enfermedades asociadas a un aumento de la presión intraocular como el glaucoma de ángulo abierto, enfermedades obstructivas vasculares de los vasos retinianos principales o problemas inflamatorios del nervio óptico.
Retinopatía diabética
Authors: Tobaru-Miyashiro Luis , Guzmán-Ahumada Miguel
Published: January 2020

La diabetes mellitus en un grave problema de salud pública a nivel mundial que se encuentra en aumento. La retinopatía diabética es una complicación de esta enfermedad y debido a su alta prevalencia es la principal causa de ceguera en la población económicamente activa. En esta revisión se busca resaltar la importancia del diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento oportuno y adecuado, tanto de la diabetes mellitus y las condiciones de riesgo asociadas, como de la retinopatía diabética.
Nuevos horizontes en el tratamiento de algunas enfermedades oculares
Authors: Roca-Fernández José Antonio , Roca-Contreras Daniela
Published: January 2020

En los últimos años la oftalmología ha progresado significativamente gracias a la tecnología. En el tratamiento de la distrofia corneal de Fuchs era necesario realizar trasplante de córnea, en la actualidad existe una nueva modalidad de tratamiento llamada descemetorrexis, la cual tiene una muy alta tasa de éxito y no requiere de trasplante. En cuanto a cirugía de la catarata y el implante de lentes intraoculares, éstos han progresado asombrosamente, pudiendo lograr en la actualidad visiones prácticamente perfectas luego de la cirugía. En cuanto al tratamiento de algunas enfermedades hereditarias de la retina, las cuales eran hasta hace muy poco intratables, contamos en la actualidad con la terapia génica que puede detener e incluso revertir la pérdida de visión.
El Residentado Médico en el Perú
Authors: Pamo-Reyna Oscar G.
Published: January 2020

Desde que se inició el residentado médico en el Perú, en 1952, han ocurrido una serie de cambios que han devenido en un sistema cada vez más integrado. Actualmente, el Ministerio de Salud, que es el principal soporte del residentado médico, trata de suplir las necesidades de especialistas médicos con un concurso único anual a través de CONAREME, que es el órgano directivo del Sistema Nacional de Residentado Médico. Se presentan las fortalezas, oportunidades, amenazas y debilidades del residentado médico en nuestro país.
¿Es necesario exigir investigación en el Residentado Médico?
Authors: Ochoa-Woodell Theresa J.
Published: January 2020

No hay duda que la investigación es fundamental para el desarrollo de la medicina, no solo para ampliar el conocimiento sino también y, sobre todo, para mejorar la salud de las personas y de la sociedad en su conjunto. Se necesita de investigación para conocer la epidemiología de las enfermedades y losfactores de riesgo, tener mejores métodos diagnósticos, mejorar la efectividad de los tratamientos y para innovar terapias y estrategias de prevención y control. Esta investigación mayoritariamente se realiza en instituciones académicas tales como las universidades e institutos de investigación. En las universidades, la investigación es llevada a cabo por los profesores e investigadores y forma parte del currículo y las competencias del alumno de medicina; y, es una pieza fundamental y crítica en los programas de maestría ydoctorado en medicina. Sin embargo, es controversial si se debe exigir investigación en los programas de segunda especialidad profesional en medicina, es decir en el residentado médico.
El Síndrome Cardlo Renal {SCR)
Authors: Flores-Esteves Luis
Published: January 2020

El presente trabajo de investigación clínica referente al Síndrome Cardio Renal (SCR), se ha realizado en elServicio de Nefrología y la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo de la Clínica Padre Luis Tezza, durante el período comprendido entre los años 2013-2019. Se presenta la experiencia clínica en el manejo de los protocolos diagnósticos terapéuticos implementados y los resultados obtenidos en 15 pacientes agrupados en ternas; por cada uno de los cinco grupos acorde con los conceptos actuales vigentes de la última década en el contexto internacional. Se describe el aspecto epidemiológico, la patogenia en su recíproca interacción aguda o crónica entre las fallas: cardíaca, renales y los procesos sistémicos que también afectan ambos órganos en este síndrome. Se hace una exhaustiva revisión de la fisiopatología en sus aspectoshemodinámicos, las alteraciones en los marcadores o sistemas neurohormonales, las lesiones inflamatorias de los órganos blanco de este SCR y su interacción con afecciones sistémicas que lo comprometen: como la diabetes mellitus, el síndrome hepato renal, el cáncer, el trasplante renal, entre otras. Se comunican los resultados y las conclusiones obtenidas y se recomienda la necesidad imperiosa de formar un comité integrado cardiorenal que fortalezca los futuros ensayos cardiorenales, integre las necesidades clínicas y fomente las futuras investigaciones en este campo importante.
Carlos Bazán Zender: Su labor docente
Authors: Arce-Rodríguez Elías Melitón
Published: January 2020

Resulta difícil reseñar algún aspecto concreto sobre la vida de un personaje, cuando él hubo abarcado muchos y diversos en su fructífera existencia y vivido, cada uno de ellos no solo con trascendencia sino con una gran dosis de clase y señorío. Tal es el reto que confronto al pergeñar este artículo, que, a manera de semblanza, se me ha pedido escribir para rendir homenaje a su memoria relevando sus valiosas contribuciones al desarrollo de nuestro país.
Deep Learning for Lung Cancer Nodules Detection and Classification in CT Scans
Authors: Riquelme Diego , Akhloufi Moulay
Published: January 2020

Detecting malignant lung nodules from computed tomography (CT) scans is a hard and time-consuming task for radiologists. To alleviate this burden, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have been proposed. In recent years, deep learning approaches have shown impressive results outperforming classical methods in various fields. Nowadays, researchers are trying different deep learning techniques to increase the performance of CAD systems in lung cancer screening with computed tomography. In this work, we review recent state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms and architectures proposed as CAD systems for lung cancer detection. They are divided into two categories—(1) Nodule detection systems, which from the original CT scan detect candidate nodules; and (2) False positive reduction systems, which from a set of given candidate nodules classify them into benign or malignant tumors. The main characteristics of the different techniques are presented, and their performance is analyzed. The CT lung datasets available for research are also introduced. Comparison between the different techniques is presented and discussed.
Effect of Increasing Dietary Aminoacid Concentration in Late Gestation on Body Condition and Reproductive Performance of Hyperprolific Sows
Authors: Seoane Senén , De Palo Pasquale , Lorenzo José Manuel , Maggiolino Aristide , González Pablo , Pérez-Ciria Leticia , Latorre Maria Angeles
Published: January 2020

A total of 62 highly prolific Danbred sows was used to evaluate the implications of increasing dietary amino acid (AA) concentration during late gestation (from day 77 to 107 of pregnancy) on body condition and reproductive performances. Sows were assigned to one of the two treatments (n = 31, with similar number of sows in the second-, third- and fourth-cycle); control diet (containing 6 g of standardized ileal digestible lysine -SID Lys-)/kg) and high AA level (containing 10 g SID Lys/kg and following the ideal protein concept for the remaining essential AA). On day 108 of pregnancy, animals were moved to the farrowing-lactating facilities where they spent until weaning receiving a common standard lactation diet. After farrowing, litters were standardized to 13 piglets each. At 107 d of gestation, backfat depth was thicker in sows fed high AA concentration than in those fed control diet (p < 0.0001) but these significant differences disappeared at weaning (p > 0.05). Additionally, at farrowing, the litter size (p = 0.043) and weight (p = 0.017) were higher in sows fed high AA level. It can be concluded that the increase in the AA content in the feed during the last month of gestation could improve the body condition of the sows and their performance results.
Composition and Function of Chicken Gut Microbiota
Authors: Rychlik Ivan
Published: January 2020

Studies analyzing the composition of gut microbiota are quite common at present, mainly due to the rapid development of DNA sequencing technologies within the last decade. This is valid also for chickens and their gut microbiota. However, chickens represent a specific model for host–microbiota interactions since contact between parents and offspring has been completely interrupted in domesticated chickens. Nearly all studies describe microbiota of chicks from hatcheries and these chickens are considered as references and controls. In reality, such chickens represent an extreme experimental group since control chicks should be, by nature, hatched in nests in contact with the parent hen. Not properly realising this fact and utilising only 16S rRNA sequencing results means that many conclusions are of questionable biological relevance. The specifics of chicken-related gut microbiota are therefore stressed in this review together with current knowledge of the biological role of selected microbiota members. These microbiota members are then evaluated for their intended use as a form of next-generation probiotics.
Strenuous Acute Exercise Induces Slow and Fast Twitch-Dependent NADPH Oxidase Expression in Rat Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Osório Alves Juliana , Matta Pereira Leonardo , Cabral Coutinho do Rêgo Monteiro Igor , Pontes dos Santos Luiz Henrique , Soares Marreiros Ferraz Alex , Carneiro Loureiro Adriano Cesar , Calado Lima Crystianne , Leal-Cardoso José Henrique , Pires Carvalho Denise , Soares Fortunato Rodrigo , Marilande Ceccatto Vânia
Published: January 2020

The enzymatic complex Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOx) may be the principal source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The NOX2 and NOX4 isoforms are tissue-dependent and are differentially expressed in slow-twitch fibers (type I fibers) and fast-twitch fibers (type II fibers) of skeletal muscle, making them different markers of ROS metabolism induced by physical exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate NOx signaling, as a non-adaptive and non-cumulative response, in the predominant fiber types of rat skeletal muscles 24 h after one strenuous treadmill exercise session. The levels of mRNA, reduced glycogen, thiol content, NOx, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activity, and PPARGC1α and SLC2A4 gene expression were measured in the white gastrocnemius (WG) portion, the red gastrocnemius (RG) portion, and the soleus muscle (SOL). NOx activity showed higher values in the SOL muscle compared to the RG and WG portions. The same was true of the NOX2 and NOX4 mRNA levels, antioxidant enzymatic activities, glycogen content. Twenty-four hours after the strenuous exercise session, NOx expression increased in slow-twitch oxidative fibers. The acute strenuous exercise condition showed an attenuation of oxidative stress and an upregulation of antioxidant activity through PPARGC1α gene activity, antioxidant defense adaptations, and differential gene expression according to the predominant fiber type. The most prominent location of detoxification (indicated by NOX4 activation) in the slow-twitch oxidative SOL muscle was the mitochondria, while the fast-twitch oxidative RG portion showed a more cytosolic location. Glycolytic metabolism in the WG portion suggested possible NOX2/NOX4 non-regulation, indicating other possible ROS regulation pathways.
Quantification of Liver Fibrosis—A Comparative Study
Authors: Arjmand Alexandros , Tsipouras Markos G. , Tzallas Alexandros T. , Forlano Roberta , Manousou Pinelopi , Giannakeas Nikolaos
Published: January 2020

Liver disease has been targeted as the fifth most common cause of death worldwide and tends to steadily rise. In the last three decades, several publications focused on the quantification of liver fibrosis by means of the estimation of the collagen proportional area (CPA) in liver biopsies obtained from digital image analysis (DIA). In this paper, early and recent studies on this topic have been reviewed according to these research aims: the datasets used for the analysis, the employed image processing techniques, the obtained results, and the derived conclusions. The purpose is to identify the major strengths and “gray-areas” in the landscape of this topic.
An Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Port Injection at Valve on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of B5/Biogas RCCI Engine
Authors: Dalha Ibrahim B. , Said Mior A. , Abdul Karim Zainal A. , Mohammed Salah E.
Published: January 2020

High unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, on account of the premixed air-fuel mixture entering the crevices and pre-mature combustion, are setbacks to reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion at a low load. The influence of direct-injected B5 and port injection of biogas at the intake valve was, experimentally, examined in the RCCI mode. The port injection at the valve was to elevate the temperature at low load and eliminate premixing for reduced pre-mature combustion and fuel entering the crevices. An advanced injection timing of 21° crank angle before top dead centre and fraction of 50% each of the fuels, were maintained at speeds of 1600, 1800 and 2000 rpm and varied the load from 4.5 to 6.5 bar indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP). The result shows slow combustion as the load increases with the highest indicated thermal efficiency of 36.33% at 5.5 bar IMEP. The carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions increased, but UHC emission decreased, significantly, as the load increases. However, CO emission rose from 4.5 to 5.5 bar IMEP, then reduced as the load increases. The use of these fuels and biogas injection at the valve were capable of averagely reducing the persistent challenge of the CO and UHC emissions, by 20.33% and 10% respectively, compared to the conventional premixed mode.
Regional Differences of Primary Meteorological Factors Impacting O3 Variability in South Korea
Authors: Jeong Yeomin , Lee Hwa Woon , Jeon Wonbae
Published: January 2020

Surface ozone (O3) is a harmful pollutant and effective strategies must be developed for its reduction. In this study, the impact of meteorological factors on the annual O3 variability for South Korea were analyzed. In addition, the regional differences of meteorological factors in six air quality regions in South Korea (Seoul Metropolitan Area, SMA; Central region, CN; Honam, HN; Yeongnam, YN; Gangwon, GW; Jeju, JJ) were compared. The analysis of ground observation data from 2001 to 2017 revealed that the long-term variability of O3 concentration in South Korea continuously increased since 2001, and the upward trend in 2010 to 2017 (Period 2, PRD2) was 29.8% higher than that in 2001 to 2009 (Period 1, PRD1). This was because the meteorological conditions during PRD2 became relatively favorable for high O3 concentrations compared to conditions during PRD1. In particular, the increase in the solar radiation (SR) and maximum temperature (TMAX) and the decrease in the precipitation (PRCP) and wind speed (WS) of South Korea in PRD2 were identified as the main causes for the rise in O3 concentrations. When meteorological factors and O3 variability were compared among the six air quality regions in South Korea during PRD1 and PRD2, significant differences were observed. This indicated that different meteorological changes occurred in South Korea after 2010 due to the different topographical characteristics of each region; thus, O3 variability also changed differently in each region. Interestingly, for the regions with almost similar meteorological changes after 2010, the O3 concentration changed differently depending on the difference in the distribution of emissions. These results indicate that the O3–meteorology relationship shows spatiotemporal differences depending on the topographical and emission distribution characteristics of each area and implies that it is necessary to fully consider such differences for efficient O3 reduction.
Olive Oil Oleogel Formulation Using Wax Esters Derived from Soybean Fatty Acid Distillate
Authors: Papadaki Aikaterini , Kopsahelis Nikolaos , Freire Denise M. G. , Mandala Ioanna , Koutinas Apostolis A.
Published: January 2020

Oleogelation is an emerging technology to structure oils, which can be widely used to substitute saturated and trans fats. Extra virgin olive oil is widely recognized for its high nutritional value, but its utilization in oleogel production is currently limited. In this study, extra virgin olive oil was utilized for the production of a novel oleogel using wax esters derived from soybean fatty acid distillate (SFAD), a byproduct of industrial soybean oil refining. Different concentrations (7%, 10%, 20%, w/w) of SFAD-wax esters were used to evaluate the minimum concentration requirement to achieve oleogelation. Analyses of the mechanical properties of oleogel showed a firmness of 3.8 N, which was then reduced to around 2.1–2.5 N during a storage period of 30 days at 4 °C. Rheological analysis demonstrated that G′ is higher than G″ at 20–27 °C, which confirms the solid properties of the oleogel at this temperature range. Results showed that SFAD was successfully utilized for the oleogelation of olive oil, resulting in a novel oleogel with desirable properties for food applications. This study showed that industrial fatty side streams could be reused for the production of value-added oleogels with novel food applications.
Molecular Insight into Stereoselective ADME Characteristics of C20-24 Epimeric Epoxides of Protopanaxadiol by Docking Analysis
Authors: Guo Wenna , Li Zhiyong , Yuan Meng , Chen Geng , Li Qiao , Xu Hui , Yang Xin
Published: January 2020

Chirality is a common phenomenon, and it is meaningful to explore interactions between stereoselective bio-macromolecules and chiral small molecules with preclinical and clinical significance. Protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides are main effective ingredients in ginseng and are prone to biotransformation into a pair of ocotillol C20-24 epoxide epimers, namely, (20S,24S)-epoxy-dammarane-3,12,25-triol (24S-PDQ) and (20S,24R)-epoxy dammarane-3,12,25-triol (24R-PDQ) that display stereoselective fate in vivo. However, possible molecular mechanisms involved are still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate stereoselective ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) characteristics of PDQ epimers based on molecular docking analysis of their interaction with some vital proteins responsible for drug disposal. Homology modeling was performed to obtain 3D-structure of the human isoenzyme UGT1A8, while calculation of docking score and binding free energy and ligand–protein interaction pattern analysis were achieved by using the Schrödinger package. Stereoselective interaction was found for both UGT1A8 and CYP3A4, demonstrating that 24S-PDQ was more susceptible to glucuronidation, whereas 24R-PDQ was more prone to oxidation catalyzed by CYP3A4. However, both epimers displayed similarly strong interaction with P-gp, a protein with energy-dependent drug-pump function, suggesting an effect of the dammarane skeleton but not C-24 stereo-configuration. These findings provide an insight into stereo-selectivity of ginsenosides, as well as a support the rational development of ginseng products.
Expression and Localization of Kv1.1 and Kv3.1b Potassium Channels in the Cochlear Nucleus and Inferior Colliculus after Long-Term Auditory Deafferentation
Authors: Poveda Clara , Valero Maria , Pernia Marianny , Alvarado Juan , Ryugo David , Merchan Miguel , Juiz Jose
Published: January 2020

Deafness affects the expression and distribution of voltage-dependent potassium channels (Kvs) of central auditory neurons in the short-term, i.e., hours to days, but the consequences in the expression of Kvs after long-term deafness remain unknown. We tested expression and distribution of Kv1.1 and Kv3.1b, key for auditory processing, in the rat cochlear nucleus (CN), and in the inferior colliculus (IC), at 1, 15 and 90 days after mechanical lesion of the cochlea, using a combination of qRT-PCR and Western blot in the whole CN, along with semi-quantitative immunocytochemistry in the AVCN, where the role of both Kvs in the control of excitability for accurate auditory timing signal processing is well established. Neither Kv1.1/Kv3.1b mRNA or protein expression changed significantly in the CN between 1 and 15 days after deafness. At 90 days post-lesion, however, mRNA and protein expression for both Kvs increased, suggesting that regulation of Kv1.1 and Kv3.1b expression is part of cellular mechanisms for long-term adaptation to auditory deprivation in the CN. Consistent with these findings, immunocytochemistry showed increased labeling intensity for both Kvs in the AVCN at day 90 after cochlear lesion. This increase argues that up-regulation of Kv1.1 and Kv3.1b in AVCN neurons may be required to adapt intrinsic excitability to altered input over the long term after auditory deprivation. Contrary to these findings in the CN, expression levels of Kv1.1 and Kv3.1b in the IC did not undergo major changes after cochlear lesion. In particular, there was no evidence of long-term up-regulation of either Kv1.1 or Kv3.1b, supporting that such post-lesion adaptive mechanism may not be needed in the IC. These results reveal that post-lesion adaptations do not necessarily involve stereotyped plastic mechanisms along the entire auditory pathway.