bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biaxial-Type Concentrated Solar Tracking System with a Fresnel Lens for Solar-Thermal Applications
Authors: Cheng Tsung , Yang Chao , Lin I
Published: April 2016

In this paper, an electromechanical, biaxial-type concentrated solar tracking system was designed for solar-thermal applications. In our tracking system, the sunlight was concentrated by the microstructure of Fresnel lens to the heating head of the Stirling engine and two solar cells were installed to provide the power for tracking system operation. In order to obtain the maximum sun power, the tracking system traces the sun with the altitude-azimuth biaxial tracing method and accurately maintains the sun’s radiation perpendicular to the plane of the heating head. The results indicated that the position of heating head is an important factor for power collection. If the sunlight can be concentrated to completely cover the heating head with small heat loss, we can obtain the maximum temperature of the heating head of the Stirling engine. Therefore, the temperature of heating head can be higher than 1000 °C in our experiment on a sunny day. Moreover, the results also revealed that the temperature decrease of the heating head is less than the power decrease of solar irradiation because of the latent heat of copper and the small heat loss from the heating head.
Prediction of a Visible Plume from a Dry and Wet Combined Cooling Tower and Its Mechanism of Abatement
Authors: Takata Kazutaka , Michioka Takenobu , Kurose Ryoichi
Published: April 2016

Heated moist air from a cooling tower forms a visible plume and needs to be predicted, not only for the performance design of the cooling tower, but also for environmental impact assessments. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics analysis is conducted to predict the scale of a visible plume rising from a cross flow cooling tower with mechanical draft (provided by a rotating fan). The results of computational fluid dynamics analysis are verified by comparing predictions with an actual observed plume. The results show that the predicted visible plume represents the observed plume in an error range of 15%–20%, which is permissible for designing a cooling tower. Additionally, the mixing condition of heated dry air and moist air under dry and wet combined operation is examined, and the condition is thought to affect the scale of the visible plume. It is found that, in the case of a mechanical-draft cooling tower, the fan has a mixing function which performs the complete mixing of wet and dry air, and this suggests that the generation of the plume can be determined by the intersection of the operation line and saturation line. Additionally, the effect of external wind on the scale of the visible plume is large, especially for dry and wet combined operation.
The Effect of Jet Lag on Postural Stability
Authors: Al Mubarak Faisal , Johnson Eric , Daher Noha , Gaikwad Shilpa , Cordett Tim , Aranda Heidi
Published: April 2016

Crossing time zones can disrupt our body clock and lead to jet lag. Some studies reported that jet lag affects human physical and cognitive functions. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, none of these studies examined the effects of jet lag on postural stability. Twenty-two healthy young adult males between 23 and 36 years of age who had a round trip flight planned between the United States and Saudi Arabia were recruited. Participants attended one preflight assessment and three post-flight assessments (within 24, 48, and 72 h). Participants were put into two groups, those who did not sleep and those that slept prior to 1st post-test assessment. Participant’s postural stability was assessed using NeuroCom® VSR™ Sport computerized dynamic posturography (CDP). Significant improvements in postural stability were observed in Group 2 during the 2nd post-flight assessments p < 0.05). There was no significant impact on participant’s postural stability while flying westward crossing more than ten time zones.
Agro(Eco)System Services—Supply and Demand from Fields to Society
Authors: Burkhard Benjamin , Hotes Stefan , Wiggering Hubert
Published: April 2016

Land use—with a special focus on agriculture—is increasingly influenced by globalization and external driving forces, causing farmers to seek opportunities to develop efficient, large-scale production systems.[...]
Microwave Synthesized ZnO Nanorod Arrays for UV Sensors: A Seed Layer Annealing Temperature Study
Authors: Pimentel Ana , Ferreira Sofia , Nunes Daniela , Calmeiro Tomas , Martins Rodrigo , Fortunato Elvira
Published: April 2016

The present work reports the influence of zinc oxide (ZnO) seed layer annealing temperature on structural, optical and electrical properties of ZnO nanorod arrays, synthesized by hydrothermal method assisted by microwave radiation, to be used as UV sensors. The ZnO seed layer was produced using the spin-coating method and several annealing temperatures, ranging from 100 to 500 °C, have been tested. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectrophotometry measurements have been used to investigate the structure, morphology, and optical properties variations of the produced ZnO nanorod arrays regarding the seed layer annealing temperatures employed. After the growth of ZnO nanorod arrays, the whole structure was tested as UV sensors, showing an increase in the sensitivity with the increase of seed layer annealing temperature. The UV sensor response of ZnO nanorod arrays produced with the seed layer annealed temperature of 500 °C was 50 times superior to the ones produced with a seed layer annealed at 100 °C.
Evidence of Slow Magnetic Relaxation in Co(AcO)2(py)2(H2O)2
Authors: Walsh James , Bowling Graeme , Ariciu Ana-Maria , Jailani Nur , Chilton Nicholas , Waddell Paul , Collison David , Tuna Floriana , Higham Lee
Published: April 2016

The monometallic pseudo-octahedral complex, [Co(H2O)2(CH3COO)2(C5H5N)2], is shown to exhibit slow magnetic relaxation under an applied field of 1500 Oe. The compound is examined by a combination of experimental and computational techniques in order to elucidate the nature of its electronic structure and slow magnetic relaxation. We demonstrate that any sensible model of the electronic structure must include a proper treatment of the first-order orbital angular momentum, and we find that the slow magnetic relaxation can be well described by a two-phonon Raman process dominating at high temperature, with a temperature independent quantum tunnelling pathway being most efficient at low temperature.
Carbon Nanotube Paper-Based Electroanalytical Devices
Authors: Koo Youngmi , Shanov Vesselin , Yun Yeoheung
Published: April 2016

Here, we report on carbon nanotube paper-based electroanalytical devices. A highly aligned-carbon nanotube (HA-CNT) array, grown using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), was processed to form bi-layered paper with an integrated cellulose-based Origami-chip as the electroanalytical device. We used an inverse-ordered fabrication method from a thick carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet to a thin CNT sheet. A 200-layered HA-CNT sheet and a 100-layered HA-CNT sheet are explored as a working electrode. The device was fabricated using the following methods: (1) cellulose-based paper was patterned using a wax printer, (2) electrical connection was made using a silver ink-based circuit printer, and (3) three electrodes were stacked on a 2D Origami cell. Electrochemical behavior was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). We believe that this platform could attract a great deal of interest for use in various chemical and biomedical applications.
Application of the Frequency Spectrum to Spectral Similarity Measures
Authors: Wang Ke , Yong Bin
Published: April 2016

Several frequency-based spectral similarity measures, derived from commonly-used ones, are developed for hyperspectral image classification based on the frequency domain. Since the frequency spectrum (magnitude spectrum) of the original signature for each pixel from hyperspectral data can clearly reflect the spectral features of different types of land covers, we replace the original spectral signature with its frequency spectrum for calculating the existing spectral similarity measure. The frequency spectrum is symmetrical around the direct current (DC) component; thus, we take one-half of the frequency spectrum from the DC component to the highest frequency component as the input signature. Furthermore, considering the fact that the low frequencies include most of the frequency energy, we can optimize the classification result by choosing the ratio of the frequency spectrum (from the DC component to the highest frequency component) involved in the calculation. In our paper, the frequency-based measures based on the spectral gradient angle (SAM), spectral information divergence (SID), spectral correlation mapper (SCM), Euclidean distance (ED), normalized Euclidean distance (NED) and SID × sin(SAM) (SsS) measures are called the F-SAM, F-SID, F-SCM, F-ED, F-NED and F-SsS, respectively. In the experiment, three commonly-used hyperspectral remote sensing images are employed as test data. The frequency-based measures proposed here are compared to the corresponding existing ones in terms of classification accuracy. The classification results by parameter optimization are also analyzed. The results show that, although not all frequency-based spectral similarity measures are better than the original ones, some frequency-based measures, such as the F-SsS and F-SID, exhibit a relatively better performance and have more robust applications than the other spectral similarity measures.
Spatiotemporal Characterization of Land Subsidence and Uplift (2009–2010) over Wuhan in Central China Revealed by TerraSAR-X InSAR Analysis
Authors: Bai Lin , Jiang Liming , Wang Hansheng , Sun Qishi
Published: April 2016

The effects of ground deformation pose a significant geo-hazard to the environment and infrastructure in Wuhan, the most populous city in Central China, in the eastern Jianghan Plain at the intersection of the Yangtze and Han rivers. Prior to this study, however, rates and patterns of region-wide ground deformation in Wuhan were little known. Here we employ multi-temporal SAR interferometry to detect and characterize spatiotemporal variations of ground deformation in major metropolitan areas in Wuhan. A total of twelve TerraSAR-X images acquired during 2009–2010 are used in the InSAR time series analysis. InSAR-derived results are validated by levelling survey measurements and reveal a distinct subsidence pattern within six zones in major commercial and industrial areas, with a maximum subsidence rate up to −67.3 mm/year. A comparison analysis between subsiding patterns and urban developments as well as geological conditions suggests that land subsidence in Wuhan is mainly attributed to anthropogenic activities, natural compaction of soft soil, and karst dissolution of subsurface carbonate rocks. However, anthropogenic activities related to intensive municipal construction and industrial production have more significant impacts on the measured subsidence than natural factors. Moreover, remarkable signals of secular land uplift are found along both banks of the Yangtze River, especially along the southern bank, with deformation rates ranging mostly from +5 mm/year to +17.5 mm/year. A strong temporal correlation is highlighted between the detected displacement evolutions and the water level records of the Yangtze River, inferring that this previously unknown deformation phenomenon is likely related to seasonal fluctuations in water levels of the Yangtze River.
Mass Sensitivity Optimization of a Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor Incorporating a Resonator Configuration
Authors: Hao Wenchang , Liu Jiuling , Liu Minghua , Liang Yong , He Shitang
Published: April 2016

The effect of the sensitive area of the two-port resonator configuration on the mass sensitivity of a Rayleigh surface acoustic wave (R-SAW) sensor was investigated theoretically, and verified in experiments. A theoretical model utilizing a 3-dimensional finite element method (FEM) approach was established to extract the coupling-of-modes (COM) parameters in the absence and presence of mass loading covering the electrode structures. The COM model was used to simulate the frequency response of an R-SAW resonator by a P-matrix cascading technique. Cascading the P-matrixes of unloaded areas with mass loaded areas, the sensitivity for different sensitive areas was obtained by analyzing the frequency shift. The performance of the sensitivity analysis was confirmed by the measured responses from the silicon dioxide (SiO2) deposited on different sensitive areas of R-SAW resonators. It is shown that the mass sensitivity varies strongly for different sensitive areas, and the optimal sensitive area lies towards the center of the device.
Dynamic Measurement for the Diameter of A Train Wheel Based on Structured-Light Vision
Authors: Gong Zheng , Sun Junhua , Zhang Guangjun
Published: April 2016

Wheels are very important for the safety of a train. The diameter of the wheel is a significant parameter that needs regular inspection. Traditional methods only use the contact points of the wheel tread to fit the rolling round. However, the wheel tread is easily influenced by peeling or scraping. Meanwhile, the circle fitting algorithm is sensitive to noise when only three points are used. This paper proposes a dynamic measurement method based on structured-light vision. The axle of the wheelset and the tread are both employed. The center of the rolling round is determined by the axle rather than the tread only. Then, the diameter is calculated using the center and the contact points together. Simulations are performed to help design the layout of the sensors, and the influences of different noise sources are also analyzed. Static and field experiments are both performed, and the results show it to be quite stable and accurate.
Spontaneous Breakdown of the Time Reversal Symmetry
Authors: Polonyi Janos
Published: April 2016

The role of the environment initial conditions in the breaking of the time reversal symmetry of effective theories and in generating the soft irreversibility is studied by the help of Closed Time Path formalism. The initial conditions break the time reversal symmetry of the solution of the equation of motion in a trivial manner. When open systems are considered then the initial conditions of the environment must be included in the effective dynamics. This is achieved by means of a generalized ϵ-prescription where the non-uniform convergence of the limit ϵ → 0 leaves behind a spontaneous breakdown of the time reversal symmetry.
Application of LC-MS/MS MRM to Determine Staphylococcal Enterotoxins (SEB and SEA) in Milk
Authors: Andjelkovic Mirjana , Tsilia Varvara , Rajkovic Andreja , De Cremer Koen , Van Loco Joris
Published: April 2016

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important aetiological agents of food intoxications in Europe and can cause gastro-enteritis through the production of various staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) in foods. Due to their stability and ease of production and dissemination, some SEs have also been studied as potential agents for bioterrorism. Therefore, specific and accurate analytical tools are required to detect and quantify SEs. Online solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (online SPE-LC-ESI-MS/MS) based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used to detect and quantify two types of SE (A and B) spiked in milk and buffer solution. SE extraction and concentration was performed according to the European Screening Method developed by the European Reference Laboratory for Coagulase Positive Staphylococci. Trypsin digests were screened for the presence of SEs using selected proteotypic heavy-labeled peptides as internal standards. SEA and SEB were successfully detected in milk samples using LC-MS/MS in MRM mode. The selected SE peptides were proteotypic for each toxin, allowing the discrimination of SEA and SEB in a single run. The detection limit of SEA and SEB was approximately 8 and 4 ng/g, respectively.
Potential Impacts of Food Production on Freshwater Availability Considering Water Sources
Authors: Yano Shinjiro , Hanasaki Naota , Itsubo Norihiro , Oki Taikan
Published: April 2016

We quantify the potential impacts of global food production on freshwater availability (water scarcity footprint; WSF) by applying the water unavailability factor (fwua) as a characterization factor and a global water resource model based on life cycle impact assessment (LCIA). Each water source, including rainfall, surface water, and groundwater, has a distinct fwua that is estimated based on the renewability rate of each geographical water cycle. The aggregated consumptive water use level for food production (water footprint inventory; WI) was found to be 4344 km3/year, and the calculated global total WSF was 18,031 km3 H2Oeq/year, when considering the difference in water sources. According to the fwua concept, which is based on the land area required to obtain a unit volume of water from each source, the calculated annual impact can also be represented as 98.5 × 106 km2. This value implies that current agricultural activities requires a land area that is over six times larger than global total cropland. We also present the net import of the WI and WSF, highlighting the importance of quantitative assessments for utilizing global water resources to achieve sustainable water use globally.
Conflits fonciers et combat factionnel : du land grabbing au pillage forestier dans la «crise » malgache (2009-2012) (Land conflicts and factional fights : from land grabbing to forest pilferage in the Madagascar "crisis", 2009-2012)
Authors: Galibert Didier
Published: April 2016

Les conflits fonciers se situent au centre du processus de désinstitutionnalisation faisant désormais de Madagascar un État fragile. Les tentatives de dépossession au profit de firmes d'Asie méridionale et orientale sont un facteur central de la chute du président Marc Ravalomanana en 2009, mais elles n'ont pas clairement cessé sous le régime de son successeur Andry Rajoelina. Simultanément, l 'abattage du bois précieux dans les aires protégées -surtout le bois de rose -fournit des ressources de substitution à un État privé de l 'aide internationale non humanitaire du fait de l'enlisement du processus de réconciliation conduit par l'Union africaine. Les conflits affectant le foncier se situent à la congruence d'une demande économique globale et du délitement clientéliste de l'État.
Gestion contractualisée de la forêt et dérégulation foncière. Politiques environnementales à Madagascar (Sub-contracted forest management and land tenure deregulation. Environmental policies in Madagascar)
Authors: Rakoto Ramiarantsoa Hervé
Published: April 2016

The sub contracted forest management is a part of the new implemented environmental system. It results in a deregulation of the local populations ' access to the forest resources. We are talking about deregulation, as we want to highlight the land customary management facing a new aspect of the environmental policies. We also want to show how this system, which runs locally the land tenure question, is seen, perceived, felt, loved or rejected, established by humans : that is to say how it is experienced by local people who are making the places living. Finally, we want to see how this traditional way of governing territories, does not match with the disposals of the environmental policies that yet claim a decentralized, participatory functioning.
À l'Ouest du nouveau. La ruée vers les terres «vierges » périphériques en Ethiopie (Something new in the West. Land rush to «vacant » peripheral regions in Ethiopia)
Authors: Gascon Alain
Published: April 2016

De grandes entreprises, souvent asiatiques, se ruent vers les Suds, surtout en Afrique, afin d'y tailler d'énormes concessions foncières. La hausse continue des cours des produits agricoles est soutenue par la croissance démographique et par la demande de l'industrie. Avec surprise, on note que le gouvernement éthiopien se propose de céder entre 3 et 4 millions d'ha (1/7 à 1/5 de la SAU), il est vrai dans les régions «vides » de l'Ouest, afin d'y lancer d'énormes exploitations en monoculture mécanisée, destinée à l'exportation. Or, de 7 % à 11 % des 87,1 millions d'Éthiopiens dépendent régulièrement de l'aide alimentaire. Ne serait-il pas plus judicieux d'investir dans les productions vivrières ? On doute que les milliers d' agro-éleveurs des basses terres déplacés trouvent à s'employer dans ces fermes où quelques techniciens entretiennent 1 000 ha. Les autorités prennent le risque de déstabiliser la région de Gambélla maintes fois troublée et voisine du Sud-Soudan.
Conflits fonciers et stratégies de sécurisation foncière au Sud-ouest ivoirien (Land conflicts and strategies for land securing in Southwestern Ivory Coast)
Authors: Tano Assi Maxime
Published: April 2016

La récession cacaoyère au début de la décennie 1980 a bouleversé les rapports de travail et de production des populations agricoles au Sud-ouest ivoirien. Cette évolution qui a consacré la fin d'un "modèle de subsistance", a mis à mal les cohésions familiale et inter-ethnique, à travers les conflits fonciers qu 'elle a engendrés. Face à cette situation, les producteurs ne se sont pas seulement contentés de trouver des moyens de règlement des conflits fonciers. Ils ont aussi mis en place des stratégies innovantes pour les prévenir. Les stratégies des producteurs concernaient la restructuration des rapports de travail avec le contrat "abou" qui ne débouche plus sur des cessions foncières comme ce fut le cas auparavant. De même, l'introduction du contrat de garantie a constitué une réponse à l'aliénation prolongée de l'exploitation en évitant non seulement sa perte définitive mais aussi des affrontements intercommunautaires.
L'accord sur la conservation des albatros et des pétrels : la protection de la biodiversité marine face à l'industrie de la pêche
Authors: Michallet Isabelle
Published: April 2016

The Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Pétrels, signed in Canberra in 2001, aims to protect these threatened migratory species, today endangered because of their incidental catch by fishing at sea. To achieve efficiency, this new instrument of biodiversity preservation willhave to face fishing industry and impose itself within the law which regulates it.
La Charte de l'environnement deux ans après : chronique d'une anesthésie au Palais-Royal (1re partie)
Authors: Huten Nicolas , Cohendet Marie-Anne
Published: April 2016

Les premières décisions relatives à la Charte de l'environnement semblent indiquer la volonté des Hautes Juridictions du Palais-Royal d'« anesthésier » ce texte en refusant de lui accorder la portée qui lui revient de par sa constitutionnalisation. Il ne s'agit pour l'instant que d'une tendance, ces décisions étant encore trop rares et trop évasives pour que le sort de la Charte soit définitivement scellé. Dans l'immédiat, le Conseil constitutionnel et le Conseil d'Etat paraissent s'être inspirés de la rhétorique développée dans une partie des travaux parlementaires et dans quelques analyses doctrinales : en dehors du principe de précaution, la Charte ne contiendrait que des objectifs à valeur constitutionnelle. Or, il est bien évident que le texte clair de la Charte consacre des droits, des devoirs et des principes constitutionnels. Ni les parlementaires, ni le juge n'ont donc le pouvoir de reconnaître aux articles de la Charte une portée juridique différente de celle que la lettre même du texte leur attache. C'est d'ailleurs ce que confirme l'intention du constituant, c'est ce qu'ont commencé à reconnaître un nombre croissant de juges des référés, et c'est vraisemblablement ce que finiront par considérer les Hautes Juridictions.
Evaluation of Large-scale Data to Detect Irregularity in Payment for Medical Services
Authors: Park Junghyun , Yoon Seokjoon , Kim Minki
Published: April 2016

Background: Sophisticated anti-fraud systems for the healthcare sector have been built based on several statistical methods. Although existing methods have been developed to detect fraud in the healthcare sector, these algorithms consume considerable time and cost, and lack a theoretical basis to handle large-scale data.

Objectives: Based on mathematical theory, this study proposes a new approach to using Benford’s Law in that we closely examined the individual-level data to identify specific fees for in-depth analysis.

Methods: We extended the mathematical theory to demonstrate the manner in which large-scale data conform to Benford’s Law. Then, we empirically tested its applicability using actual large-scale healthcare data from Korea’s Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) National Patient Sample (NPS). For Benford’s Law, we considered the mean absolute deviation (MAD) formula to test the large-scale data.

Results: We conducted our study on 32 diseases, comprising 25 representative diseases and 7 DRG-regulated diseases. We performed an empirical test on 25 diseases, showing the applicability of Benford’s Law to large-scale data in the healthcare industry. For the seven DRG-regulated diseases, we examined the individual-level data to identify specific fees to carry out an in-depth analysis. Among the eight categories of medical costs, we considered the strength of certain irregularities based on the details of each DRG-regulated disease.

Conclusions: Using the degree of abnormality, we propose priority action to be taken by government health departments and private insurance institutions to bring unnecessary medical expenses under control. However, when we detect deviations from Benford’s Law, relatively high contamination ratios are required at conventional significance levels.
Data Driven Computer Simulation to Analyse an ECG Limb Lead System Used in Connected Health Environments
Authors: Finlay Dewar , Guldenring Daniel , Breen Cathal , Bond Raymond
Published: April 2016

Background: Recently under the Connected Health initiative, researchers and small-medium engineering companies have developed Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring devices that incorporate non-standard limb electrode positions, which we have named the Central Einthoven (CE) configuration.

Objectives: The main objective of this study is to compare ECG signals recorded from the CE configuration with those recorded from the recommended Mason-Likar (ML) configuration.

Methods: This study involved extracting two different sets of ECG limb leads from each patient to compare the difference in the signals. This was done using computer simulation that is driven by body surface potential maps. This simulator was developed to facilitate this experiment but it can also be used to test similar hypotheses. This study included, (a) 176 ECGs derived using the ML electrode positions and (b) the 176 corresponding ECGs derived using the CE electrode positions. The signals from these ECGs were compared using root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r) and similarity coefficient (SC). We also investigated whether the CE configuration influences the calculated mean cardiac axis. The top 10 cases where the ECGs were significantly different between the two configurations were visually compared by an ECG interpreter.

Results: We found that the leads aVL, III and aVF are most affected when using the CE configuration. The absolute mean difference between the QRS axes from both configurations was 28° (SD = 37°). In addition, we found that in 82% of the QRS axes calculated from the CE configuration was more rightward in comparison to the QRS axes derived from the ML configuration. Also, we found that there is an 18% chance that a misleading axis will be located in the inferior right quadrant when using the CE approach. Thus, the CE configuration can emulate right axis deviation. The clinician visually identified 6 out of 10 cases where the CE based ECG yielded clinical differences that could result in false positives.

Conclusions: The CE configuration will not yield the same diagnostic accuracy for diagnosing pathologies that rely on current amplitude criteria. Conversely, rhythm lead II was not significantly affected, which supports the use of the CE approach for assessing cardiac rhythm only. Any computerised analysis of the CE based ECG will need to take these findings into consideration.
Easy and Efficient Cell Tagging with Block Copolymer-Based Contrast Agents for Sensitive MRI Detection in Vivo
Authors: Argibay Bárbara , Trekker Jesse , Himmelreich Uwe , Beiras Andrés , Topete Antonio , Taboada Pablo , Pérez-Mato María , Iglesias-Rey Ramón , Sobrino Tomas , Rivas José , Campos Francisco , Castillo José
Published: April 2016

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) together with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the preferred tools for monitoring the fate and biodistribution of administered cells in stem cell therapy studies. Commercial MNPs need transfection agents and long incubation times for sufficient cell labeling and further in vivo cell detection. In this work, we have synthesized MNPs coated with pluronic F127 and tetronic 908, and validated their applicability as contrast agents for MRI cell detection on two different cell types: rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and multipotent neural progenitor cell line from mice (C17.2). No transfection agent was needed for a complete MNP internalization, and the uptake was only dependent on MNP concentration in medium and limited on the incubation time. By combining in vivo MRI and ex vivo histology microscopy, we have demonstrated the MRI signal detected corresponded exclusively to labeled cells and not to free particles. Pluronic F127- and tetronic 908-coated MNPs represent promising contrast agents for stem cell tracking due to their ease of use in preparation, their efficiency for cell labeling, and their high sensitivity for in vivo cell detection.
SDSS-II SUPERNOVA SURVEY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE LARGEST SAMPLE OF TYPE IA SUPERNOVAE AND CORRELATIONS WITH HOST-GALAXY SPECTRAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Wolf Rachel C. , D’Andrea Chris B. , Gupta Ravi R. , Sako Masao , Fischer John A. , Kessler Rick , Jha Saurabh W. , March Marisa C. , Scolnic Daniel M. , Fischer Johanna-Laina , Campbell Heather , Nichol Robert C. , Olmstead Matthew D. , Richmond Michael , Schneider Donald P. , Smith Mathew
Published: April 2016

Using the largest single-survey sample of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) to date, we study the relationship between properties of SNe Ia and those of their host galaxies, focusing primarily on correlations with Hubble residuals (HRs). Our sample consists of 345 photometrically classified or spectroscopically confirmed SNe Ia discovered as part of the SDSS-II Supernova Survey (SDSS-SNS). This analysis utilizes host-galaxy spectroscopy obtained during the SDSS-I/II spectroscopic survey and from an ancillary program on the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey that obtained spectra for nearly all host galaxies of SDSS-II SN candidates. In addition, we use photometric host-galaxy properties from the SDSS-SNS data release such as host stellar mass and star formation rate. We confirm the well-known relation between HR and host-galaxy mass and find a 3.6σ significance of a nonzero linear slope. We also recover correlations between HR and host-galaxy gas-phase metallicity and specific star formation rate as they are reported in the literature. With our large data set, we examine correlations between HR and multiple host-galaxy properties simultaneously and find no evidence of a significant correlation. We also independently analyze our spectroscopically confirmed and photometrically classified SNe Ia and comment on the significance of similar combined data sets for future surveys.
CLASH: JOINT ANALYSIS OF STRONG-LENSING, WEAK-LENSING SHEAR, AND MAGNIFICATION DATA FOR 20 GALAXY CLUSTERS*
Authors: Umetsu Keiichi , Zitrin Adi , Gruen Daniel , Merten Julian , Donahue Megan , Postman Marc
Published: April 2016

We present a comprehensive analysis of strong-lensing, weak-lensing shear and magnification data for a sample of 16 X-ray-regular and 4 high-magnification galaxy clusters at

0.19
≲
z
≲
0.69

selected from Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH). Our analysis combines constraints from 16-band Hubble Space Telescope observations and wide-field multi-color imaging taken primarily with Suprime-Cam on the Subaru Telescope, spanning a wide range of cluster radii (10″–16′). We reconstruct surface mass density profiles of individual clusters from a joint analysis of the full lensing constraints, and determine masses and concentrations for all of the clusters. We find the internal consistency of the ensemble mass calibration to be ≤5% ± 6% in the one-halo regime (200–2000 kpc h
−1) compared to the CLASH weak-lensing-only measurements of Umetsu et al. For the X-ray-selected subsample of 16 clusters, we examine the concentration–mass (c–M) relation and its intrinsic scatter using a Bayesian regression approach. Our model yields a mean concentration of

c

∣

z
=
0.34

=
3.95
±
0.35

at M
200c ≃ 14 × 1014
M
⊙ and an intrinsic scatter of

σ
(
ln

c

200
c

)
=
0.13
±
0.06

, which is in excellent agreement with Λ cold dark matter predictions when the CLASH selection function based on X-ray morphological regularity and the projection effects are taken into account. We also derive an ensemble-averaged surface mass density profile for the X-ray-selected subsample by stacking their individual profiles. The stacked lensing signal is detected at 33σ significance over the entire radial range ≤4000 kpc h
−1, accounting for the effects of intrinsic profile variations and uncorrelated large-scale structure along the line of sight. The stacked mass profile is well described by a family of density profiles predicted for cuspy dark-matter-dominated halos in gravitational equilibrium, namely, the Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW), Einasto, and DARKexp models, whereas the single power-law, cored isothermal and Burkert density profiles are disfavored by the data. We show that cuspy halo models that include the large-scale two-halo term provide improved agreement with the data. For the NFW halo model, we measure a mean concentration of

c

200
c

=

3.79

−
0.28

+
0.30

at

M

200
c

=

14.1

−
1.0

+
1.0

×

10

14

M

⊙

, demonstrating consistency between the complementary analysis methods.
THERMAL PRESSURES IN THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM OF THE MAGELLANIC CLOUDS*
Authors: Welty Daniel E. , Lauroesch James T. , Wong Tony , York Donald G.
Published: April 2016

We discuss the thermal pressures (n
H
T) in predominantly cold, neutral interstellar gas in the Magellanic Clouds, derived from analyses of the fine-structure excitation of neutral carbon, as seen in high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph spectra of seven diverse sight lines in the LMC and SMC. Detailed fits to the line profiles of the absorption from C i, C i*, and C i** yield consistent column densities for the three to six C i multiplets detected in each sight line. In the LMC and SMC, N(C i
tot) is consistent with Galactic trends versus N(Na i) and N(CH), but is slightly lower versus N(K i) and N(H2). As for N(Na i) and N(K i), N(C i
tot) is generally significantly lower, for a given N(Htot), in the LMC and (especially) in the SMC, compared to the local Galactic relationship. For the LMC and SMC components with well-determined column densities for C i, C i*, and C i**, the derived thermal pressures are typically factors of a few higher than the values found for most cold, neutral clouds in the Galactic ISM. Such differences are consistent with the predictions of models for clouds in systems (like the LMC and SMC) that are characterized by lower metallicities, lower dust-to-gas ratios, and enhanced radiation fields—where higher pressures are required for stable cold, neutral clouds. The pressures may be further enhanced by energetic activity (e.g., due to stellar winds, star formation, and/or supernova remnants) in several of the regions probed by these sight lines. Comparisons are made with the C i observed in some quasar absorption-line systems.
EVOLUTION OF STELLAR-TO-HALO MASS RATIO AT z = 0–7 IDENTIFIED BY CLUSTERING ANALYSIS WITH THE HUBBLE LEGACY IMAGING AND EARLY SUBARU/HYPER SUPRIME-CAM SURVEY DATA
Authors: Harikane Yuichi , Ouchi Masami , Ono Yoshiaki , More Surhud , Saito Shun , Lin Yen-Ting , Coupon Jean , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Shibuya Takatoshi , Price Paul A. , Lin Lihwai , Hsieh Bau-Ching , Ishigaki Masafumi , Komiyama Yutaka , Silverman John , Takata Tadafumi , Tamazawa Hiroko , Toshikawa Jun
Published: April 2016

We present clustering analysis results from 10,381 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at z ∼ 4–7, identified in the Hubble legacy deep imaging and new complimentary large-area Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam data. We measure the angular correlation functions of these LBGs at z ∼ 4, 5, 6, and 7 and fit these measurements using halo occupation distribution (HOD) models that provide an estimate of halo masses,

M

h

∼
(
1
−
20
)
×

10

11

M

⊙

. Our M
h estimates agree with those obtained by previous clustering studies in a UV-magnitude versus M
h plane and allow us to calculate stellar-to-halo mass ratios (SHMRs) of LBGs. By comparison with the

z
∼
0

SHMR, we identify evolution of the SHMR from

z
∼
0

to

z
∼
4

and from

z
∼
4

to

z
∼
7

at the >98% confidence levels. The SHMR decreases by a factor of ∼2 from

z
∼
0

to 4 and increases by a factor of ∼4 from

z
∼
4

to 7 at the dark matter halo mass of

M

h

∼

10

11

M

⊙

. We compare our SHMRs with results of a hydrodynamic simulation and a semianalytic model and find that these theoretical studies do not predict the SHMR increase from

z
∼
4

to 7. We obtain the baryon conversion efficiency (BCE) of LBGs at

z
∼
4

and find that the BCE increases with increasing dark matter halo mass. Finally, we compare our clustering+HOD estimates with results from abundance matching techniques and conclude that the M
h estimates of the clustering+HOD analyses agree with those of the simple abundance matching within a factor of 3, and that the agreement improves when using more sophisticated abundance matching techniques that include subhalos, incompleteness, and/or evolution in the star formation and stellar mass functions.
WISEA J114724.10-204021.3: A FREE-FLOATING PLANETARY MASS MEMBER OF THE TW HYA ASSOCIATION
Authors: Schneider Adam C. , Windsor James , Cushing Michael C. , Kirkpatrick J. Davy , Wright Edward L.
Published: April 2016

We present WISEA J114724.10-204021.3, a young, low-mass, high-probability member of the TW Hya association (TWA). WISEA J114724.10-204021.3 was discovered based on its red AllWISE color (W1 − W2 = 0.63 mag) and extremely red 2MASS J − K
S color (>2.64 mag), the latter of which is confirmed with near-infrared photometry from the Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy Hemisphere Survey (J − K
S = 2.57 ± 0.03). Follow-up near-infrared spectroscopy shows a spectral type of L7 ± 1 as well as several spectroscopic indicators of youth. These include a peaked H-band shape and a steeper K-band slope, traits typically attributed to low surface gravity. The sky position, proper motion, and distance estimates of WISEA J114724.10-204021.3 are all consistent with membership in the ∼10 Myr old TWA. Using the age of the TWA and evolutionary models, we estimate the mass of WISEA J114724.10-204021.3 to be 5–13 M
Jup, making it one of the youngest and lowest-mass free-floating objects yet discovered in the Solar neighborhood.
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction: two responses on the British left to the rise of identity politics – the cases of Class War and Red Action
Authors: Stott Paul
Published: April 2016

The 1980s may be seen as an era where a profound shift occurred on the British left. The anti-racist and multi-cultural approach of Ken Livingstone's Greater London Council (GLC) and other local authorities, was accompanied by a developing women's movement and the positioning of questions
of gender, race and sexuality at the centre of left wing politics. This paper focuses on two revolutionary organisations emerging in this period – Class War from within the anarchist movement and Red Action in the marxist tradition. Both developed broad intellectual justifications concerning
the overwhelming primacy of class and as such serve as important footnotes in any historiography of twentieth century left politics in the United Kingdom. Whilst these groups can be styled as a 'lost left,' focusing on the broader working class in an era where revolutionaries increasingly
found other sources of oppression, more subtle positions emerge. As Red Action developed a strong, and indeed rare, critique of multiculturalism from the left, the influence of cultural politics saw some in Class War question first the make-up of their organisation, then consequently the viability
of the organisation itself.
Repenser l’éthique avec Paul Ricœur
Authors: Svandra Philippe
Published: April 2016

L’objet de cet article est moins de faire l’éloge de Paul Ricœur que de montrer qu’il existe un véritable usage pratique, et même opérationnel de cette pensée, et particulièrement dans le champ de la médecine et du soin. D’autant plus que l’auteur de « Soi-même comme un autre » occupe une place importante dans le paysage philosophique contemporain que ce soit dans le champ de la phénoménologie que dans celui de l’herméneutique. C’est en faisant appel à ces deux traditions philosophiques que Ricœur propose une éthique narrative particulièrement féconde pour la réflexion soignante. Toutefois, dans cet article, nous nous arrêterons plus particulièrement au philosophe qui nous invite à habiter et à agir dans le monde, celui qui propose, à partir de la tradition aristotélicienne et kantienne, une éthique pratique. Nous verrons ainsi de quelle manière les trois moments de « sa petite éthique - visée de la vie bonne, avec et pour les autres, dans des institutions justes » peuvent éclairer la réflexion éthique et politique des acteurs du soin.
Processus de transfert et d’appropriation des savoirs d’étudiantes en sciences infirmières et de milieux de soins Africains : une étude de cas multiples
Authors: Gagnon Johanne , Lapierre Judith , Gagnon Marie-Pierre , Lechasseur Kathleen , Dupéré Sophie , Gauthier Myriam , Farman Pamela , Lazure Ginette
Published: April 2016

Introduction : dans le contexte de la mondialisation et de l’internationalisation de la formation universitaire, plusieurs programmes offrent la possibilité à leurs étudiants d’inclure un stage international dans leur formation initiale. La montée de ce phénomène est omniprésente dans les universités canadiennes, ce qui entraîne une mobilité étudiante accrue vers l’international et un nombre croissant de stages effectués à l’étranger. But : cette étude exploratoire vise à mieux comprendre les processus de transfert et d’appropriation des savoirs lors d’un stage international et interculturel d’étudiantes en sciences infirmières dans des milieux de soins africains. Cadre : les modèles de l’empowerment et du Cycle des connaissances à la pratique ont guidé cette recherche. Méthode : une étude de cas multiples a été conduite auprès de six milieux de soins provenant de deux pays d’Afrique francophone. Des entrevues individuelles ont été réalisées auprès des étudiantes québécoises (n=11) et des infirmiers africains (n=9), et des entrevues de groupe auprès des partenaires (n=2). De l’observation directe et participante a également eu lieu lors des séjours en milieux de soins africains des onze étudiantes et de deux chercheuses. Résultats : des avantages de cette stratégie d’apprentissage ont été notés, notamment sur les plans personnel et professionnel des étudiantes infirmières ainsi que sur le transfert des connaissances aux milieux d’accueil. Discussion : quatre thématiques découlant de la discussion des résultats ont fait l’objet de recommandations, soit l’importance : 1) de la communication bidirectionnelle, de la continuité entre les stagiaires et du soutien à distance et sur place, 2) de renforcer le savoir sociopolitique émancipatoire, 3) de diversifier les milieux et les expositions à des pratiques locales et populaires, et 4) des différentes phases du Cycle des connaissances à la pratique.
Regards sur Celui qui est. En marge de Romano Guardini
Authors: de Gramont Jérôme
Published: April 2016

Romano Guardini est surtout connu comme théologien. Il mérite d’être lu aussi comme philosophe. Son ouvrage majeur, Le Seigneur , se présente à la fois comme une série de méditations sur des épisodes du Nouveau Testament et comme autant d’exercices phénoménologiques qui portent sur la figure du Christ.
Monasterio de Nuestra Señora de la Inmaculada Concepción, en Salamanca
Authors: Fernández Alba Antonio
Published: April 2016

Un Monasterio es una reunión de edificios reservado a la vida de un grupo de religiosas que siguen las reglas de su propia Orden. Por tanto, cada convento debe responder a un determinado programa.
Puente sobre el lago Maracaibo
Authors: Fernández Casado Carlos
Published: April 2016

Esta importante obra, tanto por su significado técnico-arquitectónico como por su propio carácter económico, fue iniciada el 29 de abril de 1959, ya bajo el Gobierno constitucional del Presidente Betancourt, y terminada recientemente. Su inauguración oficial ha sido el 24 de agosto de 1962.
Carreteras sobre dunas
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: April 2016

Al oeste de Yuma, estado de Arizona (EE. UU.), se extiende una amplia zona desértica formada por dunas de arena cuyas partículas tienen un diámetro medio de décimas de milímetro. Esta zona tiene una longitud de unos 70 km, y anchura similar. En esta región de dunas, los vientos de velocidades de 80 a 90 km/h son casi constantes en los meses de marzo y abril de cada año. Tal velocidad es suficiente para mover las dunas, aun las de 10 m de altura, con velocidades suficientes para hacerse intransitable la superficie ondulada que van formando al desplazarse de una a otra parte.
Reforma del puente San Francisco-Oakland
Authors: Raab N. C.
Published: April 2016

Como consecuencia del creciente tráfico por carretera todos los puentes construidos, con anterioridad a nuestros días, resultan incapaces de absorber la intensidad actual de dicho tráfico y, por ello, tanto los puentes como las propias carreteras experimentan una apremiante necesidad de reforma para poder seguir el movimiento ascendente de aquél.
La autopista de Tacoma
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: April 2016

Además de todas las mejoras de carácter puramente técnico obtenidas con esta nueva construcción, se prevé que la terrible cifra actual de pérdidas de vidas al año se verá reducida notablemente. Cálculos sobre esta posibilidad aseguran que se podrán salvar unas 9.000 vidas, anualmente, en todo el Estado. Esto supone un ahorro de 700 millones de dólares por causa de accidentes, y 500 en gasolina, frenos y neumáticos. Estos cálculos se han extendido también a las economías que supone la reducción del tiempo en el recorrido de vehículos comerciales. La cifra calculada a este respecto es de 800 millones de dólares anuales.
Adéquations et inadéquations du découpage territorial aux contextes politiques et économiques
Authors: Vandermotten Christian
Published: April 2016

On peut distinguer trois phases dans l’organisation territoriale de la Belgique. Sous l’Ancien régime, la Belgique n’existe pas mais les tentatives du Souverain commun aux différentes principautés qui constituent son territoire actuel de centraliser son administration se heurtent aux résistances des structures traditionnelles et maintiennent un découpage complexe d'origine féodale. L’annexion à la France au moment de la Révolution étend au territoire de la Belgique actuelle les rationalités géométriques, adaptées à une économie encore largement rurale, du découpage départemental et communal. Le Royaume-uni des Pays-Bas, entre 1814 et 1830, puis la Belgique indépendante et unitaire conservent ce découpage, se contentant de donner aux provinces des noms à consonance historique marquant leur légitimité et la rupture avec le régime français. L’évolution vers le fédéralisme durant le dernier demi-siècle a imposé des redécoupages selon une logique politico-linguistique, mais qui ne tiennent pas compte de la réalité métropolitaine et cosmopolite bruxelloise, pourtant essentielle à la prospérité de l’économie belge.