bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpolation Method Research and Precision Analysis of GPS Satellite Position
Authors: Wang Jianmin , Li Yabo , Zhu Huizhong , Ma Tianming
Published: July 2018

According to the precise ephemeris has only provided satellite position that is discrete not any time, so propose that make use of interpolation method to calculate satellite position at any time. The essay take advantage of IGS precise ephemeris data to calculate satellite position at some time by using Lagrange interpolation, Newton interpolation, Hermite interpolation, Cubic spline interpolation method, Chebyshev fitting method respectively, which has a deeply analysis in the precision of five interpolations. The results show that the precision of Cubic spline interpolation method is the worst, the precision of Chebyshev fitting is better than Hermite interpolation method. Lagrange interpolation and Newton interpolation are better than other methods in precision. Newton interpolation method has the advantages of high speed and high precision. Therefore, Newton interpolation method has a certain scientific significance and practical value to get the position of the satellite quickly and accurately.
Analisis Sebaran Tipe dan Performa Mutu Fisik Kakao pada Tiga Rentang Elevasi
Authors: Hatmi Retno Utami , Ainuri Makhmudun , Sukartiko Anggoro Cahyo
Published: July 2018

Cacao genotype most cultivated in Indonesia divided into three main groups, namely Criollo, Forastero, and Trinitari. Beside genetical factor, the pod and beans qualities are also strongly influenced by the environment in which the plant grows. The research aimed to analyze the types and physical qualities of the pod and bean from Patuk, Gunungkidul at three elevations range (154.00–267.20, 302.00–401.00, and 469.20–657.90 m above sea level/asl). The research was conducted at smallholder plantations in Patuk District, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta from September until Desember 2017. As many as 40–42 samples were randomly taken from each elevation range and analyzed by descriptive statistic and one-way anova. The parameters observed  were  cocoa types identification (Criollo, Forastero, and Trinitario), pod’s physical quality (fresh weight of fruits, length to width ratio, fresh weight of beans, number of beans, and  fresh weight of one bean), and bean’s physical quality (thickness, length/width ratio, dry weight of one bean, and number of beans in 100 g). The results showed that Trinitario cacao type dominates at elevation range of 154.00–267.20 m asl, while Forastero dominates at elevation range of 302.00–401.00 and 469.20–657.90 m asl. The pod physical qualities of Criollo, Forastero, and Trinitario showed highest  fresh weight per bean at 469.20–657.90 m asl compared to those at lower elevation (increased 19.05%–31.94%). At elevation of 469.2–657.9 m asl, Forastero shown  higher beans physical quality at all variables, whereas  Criollo was significantly higher dry weight per bean and number of beans per 100 g, and Trinitario shown significantly higher bean thickness.
Impact of Financial Inclusion on Financial Stability based on Income Group Countries
Authors: Dienillah Azka Azifah , Anggraeni Lukytawati , Sahara Sahara
Published: July 2018

Financial inclusion is one of strategies to increase inclusive growth in a lot of countries. However it may cause either stability or instability in the financial system and the impact can be different among income group countries. Potential instability in the financial system occurs when financial inclusion causes reduction in credit standard, inceasing risk of bank reputation, and uncoresponding regulation in microfinance. Therefore, this research aimed to measure financial inclusion and financial stability indexes between countries and analyze the impact of financial inclusion on financial stability in 19 countries based on income group from 2004-2014. Data were collected from World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) database, and other sources. The methods used Sarma index to calculate financial inclusion, Albulescu and Goyeau index to calculate financial stability, and tobit model to analyze the impact of financial inclusion on financial stability. The results show higher income countries have higher financial inclusion and financial stability index than lower income countries. Financial inclusion only has positive significant effect to financial stability in high income countries. Lower and upper middle income countries have to increase availability of financial services to enhance financial inclusion. Moreover, lower and upper middle income countries have to increase financial development to enhance financial stability.
Credit Risk Models For Five Major Sectors In Indonesia
Authors: Surjaningsih Ndari , Kurniati Ina Nurmalia , Indriani Reni
Published: July 2018

This paper analyze Nonperforming Loan ratio to total credit (NPL), as a proxy forcredit risk, for five major economic sectors by utilizing panel data of 117 commercialbanks in Indonesia over period 2000Q1 to 2016Q3. Our empirical analysis shows thatreal economic growth is the main driver that is negatively correlated with credit risksin all sectors. The inverse relation is also found in commodity and housing price.Commodity price inflation affects NPL in manufacturing industry and trade sectors,meanwhile housing price inflation influences NPL in manufacturing industry, trade,and construction sectors. In addition, decreased in policy rate will decline credit riskin commodity, trade, and other sectors, meanwhile nominal exchange rate only affectscredit risks in other sector. Our assessment shows that credit risks in commodity andother sectors are more sensitive to real economic growth than those on manufacturingindustry and trade sectors. Real economic growth elasticities to credit risk forcommodity and other sectors are almost twice higher than for manufacturing industryand trade sectors. Thus, during economic contraction phase, NPL in commodity andother sectors will increase higher than NPL in manufacturing industry and tradesectors.
Cryptocurrencies From Islamic Perspectives: The Case Of Bitcoin
Authors: Meera Ahmad Kameel Mydin
Published: July 2018

Cryptocurrencies’ popularity has surged during the last few years. This isespecially the case of bitcoin, one among cryptocurrencies which price has soaredfrom USD1,000 in the first quarter of 2017 to USD20,000 by the end of 2017. Ithas now being used by merchants as a medium of exchange. Upon realizing itspopularity, the CME Group that owns the Chicago Mercantile Exchange launcheda futures contract on bitcoin. Yet, there are cases where bitcoin is banned bythe country. This article examines the implication of bitcoin on Islamic financeand questions its acceptance as a medium of exchange (money) based on itscompliancy with shari’ah. By analyzing its nature and characteristics, the paperconcludes that, strictly speaking, cryptocurrencies that are not backed with realassets are not shari’ah-compliant. However, the majority of shari’ah scholarsare leaning towards approving bitcoin on maslahah basis. Bitcoin is neither fiatmoney nor real money. The absence of an intrinsic value coupled with lack orzero supervision by the central bank will result in misusing bitcoin. Furthermore,we content that it has the elements of maysir and gharar. This can contributetowards socio-economic injustices, thereby jeopardizing the maqasid al-shari’ah.Hence, based on a thorough analysis, we conclude that fiat cryptocurrencies arenot shari’ah compliant. However, gold-backed cryptocurrencies are argued to bedesirable and consistent with the maqasid al shari’ah.
The Denomination Effect On Spending Through Experimental Approach
Authors: Juanda Bambang
Published: July 2018

This paper discusses the denomination effect on shopping decisions in a more realisticspending scenario with various types of goods and relatively adequate denominations,including the specimen of IDR 200,000 banknote which was being investigated, in2015, to be printed by Bank Indonesia, and some other factors affecting spending. Thisresearch used an experimental design in a laboratory study and quasi-experimentaldesign in a field study. In the field study, the denomination of IDR 200,000 wasrepresented by using two pieces of the existing IDR 100,000 banknote, consideredas a single IDR 200,000 banknote. Therefore, if it was used for shopping, both twobanknotes of IDR 100,000 must be given to the seller even though the price of thepurchased goods was below IDR 100,000.This research showed consistent results between the laboratory and field studies, whichcan be summarized as follows: (1) total spending is not significantly different whenusing large or small denominations; (2) total expenditure is greater for consumers withlow self-control; and (3) the large denomination is very influential for goods with highprice, especially during unplanned shopping. This result implies the need for largerdenominations for regions with high priced goods.
The Analysis of Risk Profile and Financial Vulnerability of Households in Indonesia
Authors: Abubakar Arlyana , Astuti Rieska Indah , Oktapiani Rini
Published: July 2018

This paper identifies the vulnerability of household in Indonesia using both Balance Sheet and Financial Margin Approaches with coping strategy analysis in response to financial pressure. The result concluded that the household sector is solvent and sound with high interconnectivity with the non-financial corporation, particularly with banks. The heatmap coping strategies are in the moderate zone. However, it cumulatively tends to change to a high and extreme zone which potentially creates imbalances in the financial system in Indonesia.
Gündoğan (Ardeşen-Rize) Köyü Yerleşim Alanındaki Yamaç Duraysızlığının Jeoteknik Açıdan İncelenmesi
Authors: KAYA Ayberk , DEMİRBAŞ Cem , DAĞ Serhat
Published: July 2018

Bu çalışma kapsamında Gündoğan (Ardeşen-Rize) Köyü yerleşim alanının
üstünde bulunduğu yamaçta meydana gelen ve yaklaşık olarak 2.24 hektarlık bir
alanı kapsayan duraysızlık problemi jeoteknik açıdan incelenmiştir. Yapılan
çalışmalar sırasıyla arazi, laboratuvar ve şev duraylılık analizi çalışmaları
olmak üzere üç aşamada yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla eğim yönünde 3 hat boyunca
toplam 150 m derinliğinde 6 adet sondaj kuyusu açılmış, 3 profilde jeofizik
çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiş ve 2 sondaj kuyusunda inklinometre ölçümleri
yapılmıştır. Arazi çalışmaları sonucunda ana kayayı Geç Kretase yaşlı Çağlayan
Formasyonu’na ait volkano-tortul kayaçların oluşturduğu ve bu birimlerin
üzerine kalınlığı 5.0-16.5 m arasında değişen yamaç molozunun geldiği belirlenmiştir.
Yamaç molozunun fiziko-mekanik özelliklerini tespit etmek için araştırma
sondajlarından örselenmemiş örnekler alınmıştır. Arazi ve laboratuvar
çalışmalarından elde edilen veriler yardımıyla Limit Denge ve sonlu elemanlar
tabanlı Kayma Dayanımı Azaltma Yaklaşımı (FEM-SSR) yöntemleri kullanılarak
duraylılık analizleri yapılmış ve sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Duraylılık
analizleriyle belirlenen kayma yüzeylerinin dağılımları incelendiğinde yamaçta
önlem alınmaması durumunda yenilmenin gerileyen şekilde devam edebileceği
saptanmıştır. Yapılan inklinometre ölçümleri ve duraylılık analizleri, Gündoğan
Köyü yerleşim alanındaki yamaç molozunun duraysız olduğunu ve heyelan potansiyeli
taşıdığını göstermektedir.
Hsp70 Escort Protein: More Than a Regulator of Mitochondrial Hsp70
Authors: Nyakundi David O. , Bentley Stephen J. , Boshoff Aileen
Published: July 2018

Hsp70 members occupy a central role in proteostasis and are found in different eukaryotic
cellular compartments. The mitochondrial Hsp70/J-protein machinery performs multiple functions vital
for the proper functioning of the mitochondria, including forming part of the import motor that
transports proteins from the cytosol into the matrix and inner membrane, and subsequently folds these
proteins in the mitochondria. However, unlike other Hsp70s, mitochondrial Hsp70 (mtHsp70) has the
propensity to self-aggregate, accumulating as insoluble aggregates. The self-aggregation of mtHsp70 is
caused by both interdomain and intramolecular communication within the ATPase and linker domains.
Since mtHsp70 is unable to fold itself into an active conformation, it requires an Hsp70 escort protein
(Hep) to both inhibit self-aggregation and promote the correct folding. Hep1 orthologues are present in
the mitochondria of many eukaryotic cells but are absent in prokaryotes. Hep1 proteins are relatively
small and contain a highly conserved zinc-finger domain with one tetracysteine motif that is essential
for binding zinc ions and maintaining the function and solubility of the protein. The zinc-finger domain
lies towards the C-terminus of Hep1 proteins, with very little conservation outside of this domain.
Other than maintaining mtHsp70 in a functional state, Hep1 proteins play a variety of other roles in the
cell and have been proposed to function as both chaperones and co-chaperones. The cellular
localisation and some of the functions are often speculative and are not common to all Hep1 proteins
analysed to date.
Benzothiazol Clubbed Imidazol-4-ones as Anti-fungal, Anti-tubercular and Anti-HIV-1 Agents: Their Synthesis and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Patel Navin B. , Shaikh Asif R. , Patel Vatsal M. , Lara-Ramirez Edgar E. , Rivera Gildardo
Published: July 2018

Background:

The present work describes antimicrobial, antimycobacterium and anti HIV-1 evaluation of newly synthesized 5-(4-Substituted-benzylidene)-3-[4-(5-methyl-benzothiazol- 2-yl)-phenyl]-2-phenyl-3,5-dihydro-imidazol-4-one (4a-o). The docking studies were performed in order to predict the potential binding affinities.

Objective:

The major aim of this study is to develop the new class of bezylidine candidate clubbed with benzothiazole with less toxicity and improved potency as antimicrobial, antitubercular and anti HIV-1.

Methods:

The titled compounds were characterized by spectral studies (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass). In vitro antimycobacterium activity was carried out using Lowenstein-Jensen medium method and antimicrobial activity using the broth microdilution method. The anti HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity was determined by the colorimetric MTT method and inhibition of virusinduced cytopathogenicity in MT-4 cells.

Results:

Compound 4i (50 µM) showed better antifungal activity against A. clavatus. Compound 4g (50 µM) with 95% inhibition demonstrated good activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Compound 4k showed CC50 (50 µM) against MT-4 (CD4+ Human T-cells containing an integrated HTLV-1 genome) cells by 50%, while 16 µM concentration value EC50 from the HIV-1 induced cytopathogenicity. Molecular docking study suggested that 4k interacted with the target with binding energy by Vina score (-10.3 Kcal/mol).

Conclusion:

The preliminary in vitro evaluation results revealed that some of the compounds have promising antimicrobial activities as well as antitubercular potency. Among the various substituents on benzylidene, the nitro group was the most beneficial for improving the anti-HIV-1 activity. Docking result suggested that 4k compound could be acting as a non-competitive or weak inhibitor of Reverse Transcriptase (RT).
Aurones as New Porcine Pancreatic α-Amylase Inhibitors
Authors: Roshanzamir Khashayar , Kashani-Amin Elaheh , Ebrahim-Habibi Azadeh , Navidpour Latifeh
Published: July 2018

Background: Aurones, (Z)-2-benzylidenebenzofuran-3-one derivatives, are naturallyoccurring
structural isomers of flavones, with promising pharmacological potential.

Methods: In this study, the structural requirements for the inhibition of porcine pancreatic α-
amylase by hydroxylated or methoxylated aurone derivatives were investigated by assessing their in
vitro biological activities against porcine pancreatic α-amylase.

Results: The structure-activity relationship of these inhibitors based on both in vitro and in silico
findings showed that the hydrogen bonds between the OH groups of the A or B ring of (Z)-
benzylidenebenzofuran-3-one derivatives and the catalytic residues of the binding site are crucial
for their inhibitory activities.

Conclusion: It seems that the OH groups in aurones inhibit α-amylase in a manner similar to that of
OH groups in flavones and flavonols.
Therapeutic Targeting of Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Multiple Sclerosis: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Sadeghian-Rizi Tahereh , Khanahmad Hossein , Jahanian-Najafabadi Ali
Published: July 2018

Background & Objective: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the
human central nervous system with still unknown etiology. Infiltration, accumulation and activation of
autoreactive T cells, macrophages and other inflammatory immune cells in the CNS are the crucial
steps in MS neuropathogenesis and development. Chemokines and their receptors play the main role
in the attraction of the pathogenic cells into the CNS in MS. Specific chemokines and chemokine receptors
are up-regulated in the actively demyelinating lesions and cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients.
Many medical studies investigated how changes in levels or activities of chemokines and their receptors
are implicated in leukocyte migration into CNS and consequently causing MS. These chemokines
and their receptors are under intense focus to introduce new therapeutic strategies for MS.

Conclusion:

The aim of this review is to summarize previous findings on the relationship between
chemokines network and MS development. Furthermore, opportunities and challenges in the chemokine
system intervention as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of MS will be outlined.
Electrical properties of calcium doped BiFeO3 films on LaNiO3 coated Pt substrates
Authors: Goncalves Lucas , Rocha Leandro , Hangai Bruno , Ortega Pedro , Longo Elson , Simões Alexandre
Published: July 2018

Pure and calcium-modified (CaxBi1-xFeO3, x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.30) thin films
were fabricated on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by the soft chemical method
using LaNiO3 as the bottom electrode. Highly (200)- oriented BFO film was
coherently grown on LNO at 500?C. Ca-doped BiFeO3 films have a dense
microstructure and rounded grains. The conventional problem of the leakage
current for the highest doped film was reduced from 10-5 to 10-10 with
remarkable improvement in the film/electrode interface, chemical
homogeneity, crystallinity, and morphology of the BFO film. Enhanced
ferroelectricity was observed at room temperature due to the bottom
electrode. Fatigue-free films were grown on LaNiO3 bottom electrodes with no
degradation after 1?1010 switching cycles at an applied voltage of 5 V with
a frequency of 1MHz. After several tests the capacitors retained 77% of its
polarization upon a retention time of 104 s. Room temperature magnetic
coercive field measurements indicate that the magnetic behaviour is
influenced by the nature of the bottom electrode.
Influence of calcium doping on microstructure, dielectric and electric properties of BaBi2Nb2O9 ceramics
Authors: Szalbot Diana , Adamczyk Małgorzata , Wodecka-Duś Beata , Dzik Jolanta , Rerak Michał , Feliksik Kamil
Published: July 2018

Barium bismuth niobiate (BaBi2Nb2O9) ceramics modified by calcium were
prepared by solid state synthesis and two-step sintering process. An impact
of calcium substitution on the A site of perovskite block is presented. The
investigations are focused on dielectric as well as electric aspects of the
modification. The presented results reveal that the concentration of a space
charge is not preserved, what is surprising due to the homovalent nature of
the dopant and no reason for creating additional lattice defects and charges
connected. However, not only the valence of ions, but also the
calcium-oxygen and barium-oxygen bond strength should be taken into
consideration. Since the calcium-oxygen bond is probably weaker the loss of
the bismuth oxide is expected to increase with an increase in the calcium
content. Such a scenario results in appearance of a large number of negative
charge carriers connected with unsaturated oxygen ions.
Low-cost teslameter based on hall effect sensor MLX90242
Authors: Jovanovic Ugljesa , Jovanovic Igor , Blagojevic Marjan , Krstic Dejan , Mancic Dragan
Published: July 2018

A low-cost teslameter based on a Hall effect sensor MLX90242 is proposed in
this paper. The proposed teslameter is built around a PIC18F4550
microcontroller and it can measure magnetic flux density in the range
between -55 mT and 55 mT. Temperature stability of measurements originates
from the MLX90242 sensor itself. In order for the proposed transducer to be
accurate, it has undergone a calibration procedure using a highly accurate
teslameter employed as reference instruments and high-quality variable-field
electromagnet. The proposed teslameter can store measurements on a PC via
built-in USB communication.
Three-dimensional assessment of the middle cranial fossa and central skull base following Herbst appliance treatment
Authors: Okano Karine Sayure , Cevidanes Lucia Helena Soares , Cheib Paula Loureiro , de Oliveira Ruellas Antonio Carlos , Yatabe Marília , Nguyen Tung , Franchi Lorenzo , McNamara James A. , Souki Bernardo Quiroga
Published: July 2018

Objectives:

The purpose of this three-dimensional (3D) study was to assess retrospectively the middle cranial fossa and central skull base of patients treated with the Herbst appliance (HA).

Materials and Methods:

3D surface virtual models of 40 Class II, division 1 malocclusion patients were generated from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) acquired before treatment (T0) and after 8 months of HA treatment (T1). T0 and T1 3D models were superimposed volumetrically at the anterior cranial fossa. Twenty subjects who had been treated with the Herbst appliance (HAG) were compared to 20 subjects who were not treated orthopedically. The latter group served as a comparison control group (CG). Quantitative assessments of the location and directional changes were made with linear and angular measurements between anatomical landmarks. Qualitative assessments of the spatial behavior of the middle cranial fossa and central skull base relative to the anterior cranial fossa were displayed graphically for visualization with color maps and semitransparent overlays. Non-parametric tests were performed to compare the between the HAG and CG.

Results:

Point-to-point linear measurements and skeletal rotation (pitch, roll, and yaw) changes were very small along the observational period and were not significantly different between HAG and CG. Visual analysis of color maps and overlays confirmed that no changes in the cranial base were associated with HA.

Conclusions:

HA therapy did not produce clinically significant changes in the middle cranial fossa and central skull base.
La universidad 4.0 con currículo inteligente 1.0 en la cuarta revolución industrial / The university 4.0 with intelligent curriculum 1.0 in the fourth industrial revolution
Authors: Pedroza Flores René
Published: July 2018

Escribir del futuro de la universidad es una tarea apasionante porque estamos en un punto de inflexión entre el pasado y el futuro: una universidad entre la tradición de los ladrillos y la emergencia digital. Las certezas se desvanecen con la manera en que fluyen los conocimientos y las producciones académicas; y lo nuevo sorprende en cuanto a la forma y la dinámica de conexión entre las fuentes de conocimiento incorporadas en el currículo. En este documento se aborda el presente y la transición hacia el futuro de la universidad. Tres puntos son los ejes de la argumentación, los cuales se desarrollan cada uno en un apartado distinto de este documento: el círculo virtuoso de la innovación de la universidad 4.0, la cuarta revolución industrial (4RI) como contexto de la universidad 4.0 y el currículo inteligente 1.0 de la universidad 4.0. Una de las conclusiones a las que se llega es que la universidad es un organismo natural y digital que genera innovaciones inteligentes blandas y duras.
O uso de verbos em pré-escolares com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem
Authors: Nóro Letícia , Alves Yasmin , Simoni Simone Nicolini de , Leonardi Paola , Wietahn Fernanda , Mota Helena
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: analisar o uso dos verbos em crianças pré-escolares, com desenvolvimento linguístico típico, matriculadas na Educação Infantil da rede pública municipal de uma cidade do interior do RS. Métodos: a amostra foi composta por 48 crianças, 24 do sexo feminino e 24 do sexo masculino, com desenvolvimento linguístico típico e idades entre dois anos a cinco anos, divididas em oito grupos etários. Foram realizadas filmagens da fala espontânea de cada sujeito, e após, realizou-se a análise dos verbos, quanto ao tipo e ocorrência de todos os verbos produzidos por cada criança. Para análise estatística foram utilizados os testes de Kruskal-WalliseMann-Whitney, com nível de significância p<0.05. Resultados: não houve diferença no número de tipos verbais produzidos entre os sexos. Na comparação do número de tipos verbais produzidos entre as faixas etárias, houve diferença significativa em algumas faixas etárias, porém maiores valores na média da faixa de 4:7 a 4:11. Na totalidade da amostra foram produzidos 238 tipos verbais diferentes, sendo o verbo “ser” o de maior ocorrência. Conclusão: a quantidade de verbos produzidos não é influenciada pelo sexo das crianças. De modo geral, o uso de verbos aumenta conforme a idade, exceto nas faixas etárias de cinco anos, onde houve um pequeno decréscimo.
O jogo simbólico na intervenção fonoaudiológica de crianças com transtorno do espectro autístico
Authors: Pedruzzi Cristiane Monteiro , Almeida Cássia Heloíse Alcino
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Verificar a proposta do jogo simbólico na intervenção fonoaudiológica com crianças diagnosticadas com Transtorno do Espectro Autístico. Método: Estudo de casos, com abordagem qualitativa. Foi realizada em duas instituições filantrópicas de uma capital de um estado do Nordeste, com fonoaudiólogos que atuam com crianças autistas. Os fonoaudiólogos, denominados como F1, F2, F3, F4 e F5, responderam a uma entrevista estruturada com treze questões. As entrevistas obtiveram, em média, duração de 30 minutos, e foram realizadas no ambiente de trabalho do profissional. As respostas dos participantes foram analisadas e descritas conforme análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Os profissionais, quatro do sexo feminino e um do sexo masculino, possuem entre dois e nove anos de atuação, apenas dois têm formação relacionada ao autismo e dois relataram atender a uma demanda de mais de vinte crianças por semana. A maioria dos profissionais atua de forma generalista, não havendo busca por formação relacionada ao autismo. Em relação à estimulação do jogo simbólico, apenas três relataram que ocorre desde o início da terapia. Relataram avanços relacionados ao comportamento das crianças, e justificaram que tais avanços também são relatados por pais e outros profissionais. Conclusão: Foi possível observar variáveis que influenciam diretamente na estimulação do jogo simbólico relacionadas à formação, tempo de atuação e carga horária exclusiva para atendimentos dos pacientes. Para alguns fonoaudiólogos que atuam na área, são necessárias abordagens que estimulem comportamentos funcionais e hábitos de vida diária, considerando o jogo simbólico como secundário para o desenvolvimento cognitivo e da linguagem.
Desconforto do trato vocal e qualidade de vida em deglutição em idosos
Authors: Cintra Mayara Dos Santos , Attianezi Margareth , Guimarães Michelle Ferreira , Azevedo Elma Heitmann Mares
Published: July 2018

Introdução: O processo do envelhecimento no ser humano se dá por alterações funcionais de forma progressiva e degenerativa, pelo enfraquecimento dos mecanismos de defesa e perda das reservas funcionais que atingem todo o organismo. Objetivo: Caracterizar o desconforto do trato vocal e a qualidade de vida relacionada à deglutição em indivíduos idosos. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado no setor de clínica médica e nos arredores do hospital Universitário. Aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob o nº 1.943.445. Foram aplicados os questionários Escala de Desconforto do Trato Vocal e Qualidade de Vida relacionada à deglutição em dois grupos: idosos internados (n=200), acima de 60 anos, e idosos considerados saudáveis (n=200), acima de 60 anos, de ambos os sexos. Resultados: Nos idosos saudáveis houve prevalência do sexo feminino (50,50% n=101) e nos internados houve prevalência do sexo masculino (61,50% n=123). Os idosos internados apresentaram maior frequência e intensidade de sintomas sensoriais de desconforto do trato vocal. Em relação à qualidade de vida em deglutição, os menores escores foram para os domínios sono e fadiga. Houve correlação negativa e fraca entre os sintomas sensoriais de desconforto do trato vocal e qualidade de vida relacionada à deglutição. Conclusão: Os idosos internados apresentaram mais sintomas/sensações de desconforto do trato vocal com pior impacto na qualidade de vida em deglutição, quando comparados a idosos saudáveis.
Análise da diferença entre os limiares auditivos comportamentais e os resultados obtidos através do exame potencial evocado auditivo de estado estável (PEAEE) em adultos jovens
Authors: Lamenza Alessandra Rabello de Oliveira , Castro Jair De Carvalho e , Oliveira Daniela Cecílio Capra Marques de
Published: July 2018

Introdução: A audição, sentido que nos permite receber a informação sonora, se apresenta como um dos facilitadores para uma interação social eficaz. Um déficit nessa função acarreta prejuízo no processo comunicativo, devendo ser diagnosticado e tratado precocemente. Atualmente dispomos de meios subjetivos e objetivos para avaliar o sistema auditivo. A audiometria tonal é a forma subjetiva mais aplicada para medir esse sentido. Entretanto, em populações impossibilitadas de responder subjetivamente, aplicam-se técnicas objetivas, como o Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Estado Estável. Ambos pesquisam respostas auditivas do sujeito sob teste, utilizando técnicas distintas. Objetivo: Avaliar adultos jovens, sem queixas auditivas, pesquisando a sensibilidade auditiva e, a partir de indicadores estatísticos, calcular as médias das diferenças das respostas obtidas nesses procedimentos, verificando se há correlação entre eles. Método: Pesquisa de respostas auditivas via Audiometria Tonal e Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Estado Estável, nas frequências de 500, 1000, 2000 e 4000 Hz, em 30 sujeitos normo-ouvintes. Resultados: Ao calcularmos a média das diferenças entre as frequências testadas nos dois procedimentos, elas variaram de 10,47 a 18,22, não havendo forte correlação em nenhuma delas, deixando dúvidas na frequência de 1000 Hz. Conclusão: Podemos dizer que as médias das diferenças entre os valores obtidos nos dois procedimentos foram razoavelmente elevadas, principalmente em 500 Hz e, em menor proporção, para 4 kHz. Os valores obtidos nos dois exames, embora não tenham apresentado forte correlação, apresentaram-se discretamente melhores para 500 Hz. Resultados de 1000 Hz não nos permitem afirmar, inclusive, se existe alguma correlação entre os testes.
Representações sociais da velhice e do cuidado enunciadas por acadêmicos de fonoaudiologia e de enfermagem
Authors: Mendes Juliana , Massi Giselle , Willig Mariluci Hautsch , Ziesemer Nadine De Biagi , Silva Ana Paula Berberian Vieira da , Carvalho Telma Pelaes de
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Analisar as representações sociais que estudantes de fonoaudiologia e de enfermagem têm sobre a velhice e sobre o cuidado ao idoso. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa, fundamentada na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Participaram do estudo 25 acadêmicos, matriculados em duas universidades públicas e duas privadas, situadas no Sul do Brasil. Para a coleta das informações utilizou-se de entrevista semiestruturada, composta por questões abertas, que foram gravadas em mídia digital. Os dados da pesquisa foram organizados segundo o método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: As representações sociais dos acadêmicos possibilitaram a organização de ideias centrais, ancoragens e do próprio Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, indicando que, por um lado, os cuidados voltados aos idosos são fundamentados apenas no seu declínio físico, sendo o idoso destituído do seu poder de decisão e a velhice infantilizada. Por outro lado, as representações sociais dos estudantes, também, mostraram que a reciprocidade na relação entre cuidador e sujeito idoso pode dinamizar o processo de cuidar, ultrapassando estereótipos negativos sobre a velhice. Conclusões: A construção representacional sobre o cuidado voltado ao idoso, imbuída de estereótipos que resultam em um olhar negativo da velhice, merece atenção durante a formação de profissionais de saúde.
Selenium supplementation by addition of sodium selenate with silage additive
Authors: Seppälä Arja , Albarran Yolanda Madrid , Miettinen Harri , Siguero Maria Palomo , Juutinen Elina , Rinne Marketta
Published: July 2018

An ensiling experiment was conducted to assess the possibility for increasing the selenium content in grass silage by using a selenium-enriched silage additive, and to determine possible changes in the form of selenium during ensiling. Prewilted and precision-chopped silage was prepared from the second cut of timothy – meadow fescue sward in southern Finland. The additive treatments (6 g kg-1) were: control without additive, water containing 50 mg sodium selenate kg-1, and formic acid-based additive containing 10, 50 or 500 mg sodium selenate kg-1. The selenium content of the control silage was low (0.069 mg kg-1 dry matter) whereas the selenium content of the other silages was in line with the dose level of selenium delivered in the additive. The added selenate was detected only as selenate in the silages. Addition of sodium selenate to silage additive provided a controlled way to add selenium to the diet of forage-fed animals.
A comparison of Nordic Red, Holstein-Friesian and Finnish native cattle bulls for beef production and carcass traits
Authors: Huuskonen Arto Kalevi
Published: July 2018

The objective of this study was to determine beef production traits of purebred Nordic Red (NR), Holstein-Friesian (Hol), Eastern Finncattle (EF), Northern Finncattle (NF) and Western Finncattle (WF) bulls. The data collected from slaughterhouses included observations of 164 862 NR, 87 323 Hol, 283 EF, 523 NF and 1 728 WF bulls. For estimating valuable cuttings also a separate dataset was collected including observations of 16 036 NR, 8 806 Hol, 18 EF, 126 NF, and 133 WF bulls. NR and Hol had the highest carcass gain (532 and 542 g d-1, respectively). Overall, the data showed poorer gain of the Finnish native breeds compared to NR and Hol. Among the native breeds, WF (427 g d-1) showed better growth compared to EF (356 g d-1) and NF (385 g d-1).  Less differences were observed in valuable cuttings as might be inferred based on the differences in carcass conformation scores.
Crop yields and supply of nitrogen compared in conventional and organic farming systems
Authors: Alaru Maarika , Talgre Liina , Eremeev Viacheslav , Tein Berit , Luik Anne , Nemvalts Anu , Loit Evelin
Published: July 2018

The aim of organic agriculture is to produce food of high nutritional quality in sufficient quantity. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of organic and conventional growing systems on (i) total amounts and supply of N taken up or applied to plants during a five year crop cycle period and (ii) crops total dry matter (DM) yield obtained during same period. The total DM yields from the organic treatments were 25–33% smaller than from the conventional treatments. The ratio of N output/N input was significantly the smallest in the organic treatment with cattle manure, where only 37% of all supplied N was used by plants during the crop cycle period. The organic fertiliser with faster mineralisation rate and splitting the application of organic N during crop cycle period would be more appropriate to supply sufficient quantities of N during rapid plant growth and to obtain higher crop yields in organic farming systems.
Viability of Lactobacillus paraplantarum DSM 14485 in human gastrointestinal tract and its molecular and biochemical identification after fermented vegetable consumption
Authors: Tamminen Marja Tuulikki , Ouwehand Arthur C. , Mäki Maarit , Joutsjoki Tiina , Sjöblom Marietta , Nissinen Kaija , Ryhänen Eeva-Liisa
Published: July 2018

Abstract In this study the viability of a potentially probiotic Lactobacillus paraplantarum DSM 14485 in the intestinal tract of 22 healthy test subjects was qualitatively assessed in a randomised double blinded cross-over study design lasting 2 x 4 weeks (interventions I and II) with a 4-week washout period. The subjects were given in their diet either spontaneously fermented vegetables (SF) or vegetables fermented by starter bacteria which contained  Lb. paraplantarum DSM 14485 (P). The numbers of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in fecal samples were at the level of 105 cfu g-1 in both groups. The presence of Lb. paraplantarum DSM 14485 was confirmed by biochemical and molecular methods. We were able to show that Lb. paraplantarum DSM 14485, isolated from spontaneously fermented cucumbers, was viable in the intestine of ten test subjects after taking P-diet when the numbers of LAB were sufficiently high in the product.
Occurrence of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Finnish turnip rape and oilseed rape fields
Authors: Rastas Marika , Latvala Satu , Hannukkala Asko
Published: July 2018

Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, is a serious plant disease of cruciferous plants. A field survey of occurrence of clubroot in oilseed fields was conducted in Finland in 2007−2009 and in 1984−1989. At present, the disease is distributed throughout the oilseed cultivation area. Clubroot was found on average from 30% of fields, but its severity was low; fields with high numbers of infected plants and plants with severe symptoms were rare. According to the survey, cultivation frequency of cruciferous plants is the most important factor affecting clubroot occurrence and severity. Clubroot was found in soils with a wide range of pH-values (pH 5-7.6), but symptoms were most severe at low pH. According to the survey, and greenhouse and field trials, high temperature and moisture during the early growth period seem to favour disease development and can cause significant yield losses. In a survival trial, clubroot declined to close to zero after four years in the absence of host plants, but traces of the pathogen were still detectable after a 19-year trial period, making eradication of the pathogen very difficult.
Phosphorus acquisition by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) at suboptimal soil temperature
Authors: Ylivainio Kari , Peltovuori Tommi
Published: July 2018

We studied the effects of soil temperature (8 ºC and 15 ºC) on barley growth, barley phosphorus (P) uptake and soil P solubility. Barley was grown in a pot experiment in two soils with different P fertilization histories for 22 years. The availability of P was estimated by using 33P-labeled fertilizer and calculating L-values. After cultivation for 22 years at ambient soil temperature without P fertilization (-P), soil L-value had decreased compared to soil that received annual P fertilization (P+). Low soil temperature further reduced the L-values, more in the -P soil than in the +P soil. Our results demonstrated that P fertilization can only partially ameliorate poor growth at low soil temperatures. Thus, applying ample fertilization to compensate for poor growth at low soil temperatures would increase the P content and solubility in the soil, but plant uptake would remain inhibited by cold.
Ca–Fe oxide granules as potential phosphate barrier material for critical source areas: a laboratory study of P retention and release
Authors: Uusitalo Risto , Ekholm Petri , Lehtoranta Jouni , Klimeski Aleksandar , Konstari Olli , Lehtonen Riku , Turtola Eila
Published: July 2018

Phosphate barriers may mitigate dissolved P losses from critical source areas. We studied P retention of industrially produced Ca–Fe oxide as potential P barrier material. In batch tests with 1 mg l−1 P solution, P retention was 85% efficient in 5 min. In a flow-through system, the granule phosphate-retention capacity was 6–7 mg g−1, being largely unaffected by pre-leaching. Phosphate release from P-saturated granules was pH-dependant and suggested P association with Fe oxides, and as Ca-phosphate precipitates. In a sequential extraction of P-saturated granules, about 25% of retained P was released, whereas a separate anaerobic incubation resulted in negligible release of P. Immersion of unleached, P-saturated granules for 16 days in a low-P–concentration lake resulted in more than 80% Ca loss, but no loss of metals, and about 25% loss of P accumulated earlier in granules. These granules are promising for P retention and merit a field-scale study.
An overview of silage research in Finland: from ensiling innovation to advances in dairy cow feeding
Authors: Huhtanen Pekka , Jaakkola Seija , Nousiainen Juha
Published: July 2018

Because of the climatic conditions, the Finnish milk production research has focused to improve the utilisation of grassland, mainly as conserved forages. The main research areas have been ensiling, evaluation of the forage feeding value, predicting nutrient supply from grass silage-based diet and the effects of forage quality and concentrate supplementation on milk production responses. Due to changes in ensiling technologies and variety of forage crops new silage additives have been adopted. A centralized system for the analysis of forage energy value is based on NIRS calibration. It was calibrated against in vitro pepsin-cellulase solubility method that was validated against in vivo digestibility. The concentration of indigestible neutral detergent fibre was found to be a useful parameter both in empirical models predicting forage digestibility and mechanistic rumen models predicting the amounts of absorbed nutrients. Models predicting relative intake potential of forages and total diet were developed, and an intake model combining animal and diet effects independently of each other was developed. Using meta-analysis approaches a nutrient response model was developed for dairy cows for milk, energy corrected milk and protein yield.  Feed evaluation, intake and nutrient response models form now the basis of practical Finnish ration formulation system that can optimize diets according to maximum income over feed cost in addition to minimum feed cost.
Milk production from silage: comparison of grass, legume and maize silages and their mixtures
Authors: Dewhurst Richard
Published: July 2018

The high rates of rumen fermentation, physical breakdown and passage rates from the rumen of legume silages lead to higher intakes than for grass silages of comparable digestibility. Although total tract digestibilities for legume silages and maize silages are often lower than for grass silages, milk yields are usually higher. A further benefit of legumes and maize is the reduced rate of decline in digestibility. Legume silages often lead to a reduction in milk fat concentration and increased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, 18:2 n-6 and 18:3 n-3. This latter effect is related to reduced rumen biohydrogenation as a consequence of increased rumen passage rates or the effects of polyphenol oxidase. There is quite a wide range of maturities (300 – 350 g kg-1 DM) that leads to maximum dry matter intakes and milk production from maize silage; milk production is reduced with immature or over–mature maize crops. Forage chop length exerts a number of effects, both in the silo and in the rumen, but effects on rumen function, feed intake and milk production have been inconsistent. The high protein content and high N degradability of most legume silages is associated with a low efficiency of converting dietary N into milk N, with a concomitant increase in urine N. Reducing N intake by inclusion of maize silage in mixtures with legume silages leads to a marked reduction in urine N without loss of production potential. It is predicted, on the basis of their chemical composition and rumen kinetics, that legume silages and maize silages would reduce methane production relative to grass silage, though in vivo measurements are lacking. Extensive fermentation in the silo reduces the amount of fermentable substrate, and reduced methane production in comparison with grass silage where fermentation had been restricted by high levels of acid additive.
Silage and the safety and quality of dairy foods: a review
Authors: Driehuis Frank
Published: July 2018

Silage contains a number of potential hazards to the safety and quality of milk and dairy products. This paper reviews the present knowledge about silage as a source of (1) spores of anaerobic spore-formers (Clostridium species) and aerobic spore-formers (mainly Bacillus and Paenibacillus species), (2) the zoonotic pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli, and (3) mycotoxins. A distinction is made between field-derived mycotoxins, i.e. mycotoxins that are formed during growth of crops in the field, and ensilage-derived mycotoxins, i.e. mycotoxins that are formed after ensiling. The routes of transmission of these hazards from feed to milk, the effect of pasteurization of milk, and reduction strategies are discussed. Aerobic deterioration of silages is a major factor influencing levels of spores of both aerobic and anaerobic spore-formers, L. monocytogenes, and certain mycotoxins.
Gypsum amendment of soils reduces phosphorus losses in an agricultural catchment
Authors: Ekholm Petri , Valkama Pasi , Jaakkola Elina , Kiirikki Mikko , Lahti Kirsti , Pietola Liisa
Published: July 2018

We estimated the changes in the losses of particulate and dissolved phosphorus (P) after treating 93 ha of agriculturalfields with gypsum (4 t ha–1) in a 245 ha catchment in southern Finland. Runoff was monitored using onlinesensors and manual sampling during one high-flow period before and six periods after the gypsum amendment.Turbidity recorded by the sensors correlated with particulate P analysed in the laboratory, which enabledthe evaluation of changes in particulate P from the online data. Using a covariance model, gypsum amendmentwas estimated to have reduced the loss of particulate P by 64%. The loss of dissolved reactive P appeared to decreaseby one third, but was estimated with less precision. No such changes were found during the same periodin a nearby ‘reference’ catchment, where gypsum was not used. Gypsum did not affect soil test values for P, K, Mgor Ca, but it did increase the ionic strength and soil test SO4. In clayey catchments discharging into the sea, gypsummay provide an efficient means to reduce P losses from field cultivation. The duration of the gypsum effect andimpact of SO4 associated with gypsum amendment on the ecology of rivers and lakes has yet to be determined.
Gypsum amendment as a means to reduce agricultural phosphorus loading: an economic appraisal
Authors: Iho Antti , Laukkanen Marita
Published: July 2018

This study analyzes the economic feasibility of gypsum amendment as a means to reduce particulate and dissolved phosphorus loads from arable areas. To this end, an optimization model is developed that includes gypsum amendment as well as matching phosphorus fertilization to crop need and the level of soil phosphorus reserves as phosphorus load mitigation measures, with soil phosphorus reserves measured by soil test phosphorus (STP). The optimal extent of gypsum amendment is then determined simultaneously with optimal fertilization use as a function of field STP level. The results indicate that whether or not gypsum amendment is economically feasible depends on field erosion susceptibility and STP level. When accounting for the costs and benefits to the society on the whole, gypsum treatment suits best to mitigation of phosphorus losses from soils with excessively high phosphorus reserves; once a threshold STP level is reached, gypsum amendment is optimally given up. This threshold level depends on field slope and on society’s willingness to pay for water quality.