bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robot-assisted ex vivo neobladder reconstruction: preliminary results of surgical skill evaluation
Authors: Chen Ziyang , Terlizzi Serenella , Da Col Tommaso , Marzullo Aldo , Catellani Michele , Ferrigno Giancarlo , De Momi Elena
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Advanced developments in the medical field have gradually increased the public demand for surgical skill evaluation. However, this assessment always depends on the direct observation of experienced surgeons, which is time-consuming and variable. The introduction of robot-assisted surgery provides a new possibility for this evaluation paradigm. This paper aims at evaluating surgeon performance automatically with novel evaluation metrics based on different surgical data.

Methods

Urologists ($$n=10$$

n
=
10

) from a hospital were requested to perform a simplified neobladder reconstruction on an ex vivo setup twice with different camera modalities ($$n=2$$

n
=
2

) randomly. They were divided into novices and experts ($$n=5$$

n
=
5

, respectively) according to their experience in robot-assisted surgeries. Different performance metrics ($$n=2$$

n
=
2

) are proposed to achieve the surgical skill evaluation, considering both instruments and endoscope. Also, nonparametric tests are adopted to check if there are significant differences when evaluating surgeons performance.

Results

When grouping according to four stages of neobladder reconstruction, statistically significant differences can be appreciated in phase 1 ($$p=0.0284$$

p
=
0.0284

) and phase 2 ($$p=0.01953$$

p
=
0.01953

) with normalized time-related metrics and camera movement-related metrics, respectively. On the other hand, considering experience grouping shows that both metrics are able to highlight statistically significant differences between novice and expert performances in the control protocol. It also shows that the camera-related performance of experts is significantly different ($$p=0.003153$$

p
=
0.003153

) when handling the endoscope manually and when it is automatic.

Conclusion

Surgical skill evaluation, using the approach in this paper, can effectively measure surgical procedures of surgeons with different experience. Preliminary results demonstrate that different surgical data can be fully utilized to improve the reliability of surgical evaluation. It also demonstrates its versatility and potential in the quantitative assessment of various surgical operations.
Ist eine Zwangsbehandlung bei Fremdgefährdung zum Wohl der gefährdenden Person? Eine ethische Analyse von Wohl und Wille im psychiatrischen Behandlungskontext
Authors: Braun Esther , Faissner Mirjam , Gather Jakov
Published: July 2022

Die Abwehr von Gefahren für Dritte als Aufgabe der Psychiatrie wird kontrovers diskutiert und immer wieder grundsätzlich infrage gestellt. Ethisch sind Zwangsmaßnahmen oder Zwangsbehandlungen im Kontext von Fremdgefährdung in jedem Fall begründungsbedürftig.

In diesem Beitrag wird zunächst dargestellt, wie sich Maßnahmen gegen den Willen einer Person ethisch rechtfertigen lassen. Im Rekurs auf das Prinzip des schwachen Paternalismus gilt dabei grundsätzlich, dass Zwangsbehandlungen von selbstbestimmungsunfähigen Personen ethisch nur gerechtfertigt werden können, wenn die Behandlung zum Wohl der Person ist und ihrem vorausverfügten oder mutmaßlichen Willen entspricht.

Anschließend wird überprüft, inwiefern Zwangsbehandlungen bei Personen mit psychischen Erkrankungen, die Dritte gefährden, schwach paternalistisch begründet werden können. Hierfür werden unterschiedliche Theorien des Wohls diskutiert und eine hybride subjektiv-objektive Theorie des Wohlergehens als geeigneter Maßstab zur Beurteilung des Wohls von Personen mit psychischen Erkrankungen vorgestellt. Mittels einer Fallanalyse wird dargelegt, in welchen Fällen eine Zwangsbehandlung bei Fremdgefährdung zum Wohl einer Person sein kann und ihrem mutmaßlichen Willen entspricht, und verdeutlicht, wann dies nicht der Fall ist, bzw. wann Wohl und Wille einander widersprechen.
Effect of grey relational optimization of process parameters on surface and tribological characteristics of annealed AISI P20 tool steel machined using wire EDM
Authors: Priyadarshini Manisha , Vishwanatha H. M. , Biswas Chandan Kumar , Singhal Piyush , Buddhi Dharam , Behera Ajit
Published: July 2022

To increase the productivity and quality of the machined components, wire electro-discharge machine parameters such as cutting speed, kerf width, and surface roughness are often optimized. The Wire-electro discharge machining process generates a much higher temperature at the wire-work piece interface which can potentially change the metallurgical characteristics of the machined surface. This paper studies the changes in the tribology of surface and sub-surface of the workpiece due to the initial and optimized wire-electro discharge machine parametric setting using grey relational analysis while machining sub-cooled AISI P20 tool steel. It is concluded that the optimum parametric setting to obtain a better cutting speed, kerf width, and surface roughness using grey relational analysis, which improves the productivity and quality of the component, also produces a thicker recast layer. The wear test revealed that the surface machined with an optimized parametric setting gives higher wear resistance. Detailed scanning electron microscopy explains the characteristics of the recast layer and micro-hardness explains the surface hardenability of tool steel, which is a result of martensitic transformation through rapid cooling, formed heat affected zone, and increase in oxygen content on the surface. The wear test proved that the recast layer helps in improving the wear resistivity of tool steel. The methodology of the hardening of the surface and the sub-surface layer can strengthen the application of components.
DHCR24 Knockdown Induces Tau Hyperphosphorylation at Thr181, Ser199, Ser262, and Ser396 Sites via Activation of the Lipid Raft-Dependent Ras/MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway in C8D1A Astrocytes
Authors: Mai Meiting , Guo Xiaorou , Huang Yue , Zhang Wenbin , Xu Yixuan , Zhang Ying , Bai Xiaojing , Wu Junfeng , Zu Hengbing
Published: July 2022

The synthetase 3β-hydroxysterol-Δ24 reductase (DHCR24) is a key regulator involved in cholesterol synthesis and homeostasis. A growing body of evidence indicates that DHCR24 is downregulated in the brain of various models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), such as astrocytes isolated from AD mice. For the past decades, astrocytic tau pathology has been found in AD patients, while the origin of phosphorylated tau in astrocytes remains unknown. A previous study suggests that downregulation of DHCR24 is associated with neuronal tau hyperphosphorylation. Herein, the present study is to explore whether DHCR24 deficiency can also affect tau phosphorylation in astrocytes. Here, we showed that DHCR24 knockdown could induce tau hyperphosphorylation at Thr181, Ser199, Thr231, Ser262, and Ser396 sites in C8D1A astrocytes. Meanwhile, we found that DHCR24-silencing cells had reduced the level of free cholesterol in the plasma membrane and intracellular organelles, as well as cholesterol esters. Furthermore, reduced cellular cholesterol level caused a decreased level of the caveolae-associated protein, cavin1, which disrupted lipid rafts/caveolae and activated rafts/caveolae-dependent Ras/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. In contrast, overexpression of DHCR24 prevented the overactivation of Ras/MEK/ERK signaling by increasing cellular cholesterol content, therefore decreasing tau hyperphosphorylation in C8D1A astrocytes. Herein, we firstly found that DHCR24 knockdown can lead to tau hyperphosphorylation in the astrocyte itself by activating lipid raft-dependent Ras/MEK/ERK signaling, which might contribute to the pathogenesis of AD and other degenerative tauopathies.
Image processing based horizon sensor for estimating the orientation of sounding rockets, launch vehicles and spacecraft
Authors: Braun Benjamin , Barf Jochen
Published: July 2022

The paper describes how the attitude of a sounding rocket, launch vehicle or satellite with respect to the Earth can be estimated from camera images of the Earth horizon. Details about detecting the horizon in the camera image, fitting hyperbolae or ellipses to the detected horizon curve and deriving the Earth nadir vector and the corresponding error covariance from the fitted conic section are given. The presented method works at low heights, where the projected horizon mostly appears to be hyperbolic, as well as at large heights, where the projected horizon mostly appears to be elliptic and it is irrelevant if the Earth is fully or only partially in the field of view of the camera. The method can be universally used to estimate the direction vectors and attitude with respect to any spherical celestial body such as the Sun or Moon. Using the example of a sounding rocket mission with two cameras aboard, it is illustrated how the estimates of the Earth nadir and the Sun direction vectors are fused with the measurements of a strapdown inertial measurement unit and a GPS receiver to obtain an accurate and continuous estimate of the three-dimensional orientation of the sounding rocket with respect to the Earth.
Analytical Eco-Scale for Evaluating the Uniqueness of Voltammetric Method used for Determination of Antiemetic Binary Mixture Containing Doxylamine Succinate in Presence of its Toxic Metabolite
Authors: Atty Shimaa A. , El-Hadi Heidi R. Abd , Eltanany Basma M. , Zaazaa Hala E. , Eissa Maya S.
Published: July 2022

Green analytical procedures are gaining popularity in the pharmaceutical research area as a way to reduce environmental impact and improve analyst health safety. The current work presents a green and sensitive electrochemical carbon paste electrode that has been chemically modified with zirconium dioxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes for estimation of pyridoxine HCl (PYR) and doxylamine succinate (DOX) using the square wave voltammetric technique. Under optimum conditions, the linearity ranges were 20.00–2000.00 ng mL−1 and 2.00–20.00 µg mL−1 for both drugs in the 1st linear segment and 2nd linear segment, respectively. Stability testing assesses how the quality of a drug substance changes over time, depending on environmental and laboratory factors. DOX was found to undergo oxidative degradation when refluxed for 7 h using 30% H2O2 and the degraded product (DOX DEG) (toxic metabolite) was successfully characterized utilizing LC–MS. The developed electrode showed selectivity for the determination of binary mixture in pure form, pharmaceutical form, and in the presence of DOX DEG and common interfering molecules with good recovery. The proposed method was found to be eco-friendlier than the reported method in terms of the use of hazardous chemicals and solvents, energy consumption, and waste generation.

Graphical Abstract
Neural networks meet least squares Monte Carlo at internal model data
Authors: Jonen Christian , Meyhöfer Tamino , Nikolić Zoran
Published: July 2022

In August 2020 we published “Comprehensive Internal Model Data for Three Portfolios” as an outcome of our work for the committee “Actuarial Data Science” of the German Actuarial Association. The data sets include realistic cash-flow models outputs used for proxy modelling of life and health insurers. Using these data, we implement the hitherto most promising model in proxy modeling consisting of ensembles of feed-forward neural networks and compare the results with the least squares Monte Carlo (LSMC) polynomial regression. To date, the latter represents—to our best knowledge—the most accurate proxy function productively in use by insurance companies. An additional goal of this publication is a more precise description of “Comprehensive Internal Model Data for Three Portfolios” for other researchers, practitioners and regulators interested in developing solvency capital requirement (SCR) proxy models.
Value-added biocarbon production through slow pyrolysis of mixed bio-oil wastes: studies on their physicochemical characteristics and structure–property–processing co-relation
Authors: Mishra Ranjeet Kumar , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar K.
Published: July 2022

In this work, mixed bio-oil (MBO) is transformed into valuable biocarbon through slow pyrolysis technique. MBO was accomplished in a semi-batch reactor at 600 and 900 °C temperature, 10 °C min−1 heating rate, and 30 min holding time under a non-oxidizing environment. The produced mixed bio-oil-derived biocarbon (MBOB) was characterized by its surface properties, thermal stability, elemental composition, thermal conductivity, BET surface area, surface morphology, and electrical conductivity. The pyrolysis outcomes established that the temperature has a predominant impact on the variation in yield and properties of MBOB. Characterization results of MBOB exposed increased properties (thermal stability, electrical and thermal conductivity, graphitic content, carbon content, and HHV) at 900 compared to 600 °C. Also, the elemental and EDS investigation of MBOB established a broad diminution in O2 and H2 at 900 than 600 °C. The purest form of carbon with enhanced thermal stability, higher carbon content, smoothness, and bigger particles of biocarbon (verified by SEM) is accomplished at 900 °C. The electrical and thermal conductivity (EC and TC) of MBOB increased with increasing the temperature from 600 to 900 °C due to the close contact of biocarbon particles. Finally, an investigation of the particle size of MBOB established that the majority of particles are within 1.5 to 1.7 µm.

Graphical abstract
Anti-noise performance of the pulse coupled neural network applied in discrimination of neutron and gamma-ray
Authors: Liu Hao-Ran , Zuo Zhuo , Li Peng , Liu Bing-Qi , Chang Lan , Yan Yu-Cheng
Published: July 2022

In this study, the anti-noise performance of a pulse-coupled neural network (PCNN) was investigated in the neutron and gamma-ray (n−$$\gamma$$
γ
) discrimination field. The experiments were conducted in two groups. In the first group, radiation pulse signals were pre-processed using a Fourier filter to reduce the original noise in the signals, whereas in the second group, the original noise was left untouched to simulate an extremely high-noise scenario. For each part, artificial Gaussian noise with different intensity levels was added to the signals prior to the discrimination process. In the aforementioned conditions, the performance of the PCNN was evaluated and compared with five other commonly used methods of n−$$\gamma$$
γ
discrimination: (1) zero crossing, (2) charge comparison, (3) vector projection, (4) falling edge percentage slope, and (5) frequency gradient analysis. The experimental results showed that the PCNN method significantly outperforms other methods with outstanding $$\mathrm{FoM}$$
FoM
-value at all noise levels. Furthermore, the fluctuations in $$\mathrm{FoM}$$
FoM
-value of PCNN were significantly better than those obtained via other methods at most noise levels and only slightly worse than those obtained via the charge comparison and zero-crossing methods under extreme noise conditions. Additionally, the changing patterns and fluctuations of the $$\mathrm{FoM}$$
FoM
-value were evaluated under different noise conditions. Hence, based on the results, the parameter selection strategy of the PCNN was presented. In conclusion, the PCNN method is suitable for use in high-noise application scenarios for n−$$\gamma$$
γ
discrimination because of its stability and remarkable discrimination performance. It does not rely on strict parameter settings and can realize satisfactory performance over a wide parameter range.
Investigation of phase transformation related electrical conductivity of long-term heat treated aluminium electrolysis cathodes
Authors: Hankel Jonas , Kernebeck Sandra , Deuerler Friederike , Weber Sebastian
Published: July 2022

This study presents an investigation on the specific electrical conductivity of the cathode materials used in an aluminium electrolysis cell over a temperature range between room temperature and 950 °C. Those materials are subjected to a diffusion related aging process due to the high operating temperature of the cell, leading to a change in chemical composition and microstructure. The materials were investigated both in the initial state before use in an aluminium electrolysis cell and after an operating period of 5 years. It is shown that the changes in chemical composition and thus also in microstructure over the service life at elevated operating temperature exert an effect on the electrical conductivity. In addition, calculations based on thermodynamic data were used to relate phase transformations to the changes in electrical conductivity. On the one hand, the electrical conductivity of the collector bar at 950 °C is reduced by about 11% after 5 years of service. On the other hand, the ageing process has a positive influence on the cast iron with an increased conductivity by about 41% at 950 °C. The results provide an understanding how diffusion related processes in the cathode materials affect energy efficiency of the aluminium electrolysis cell.
Seasonal analysis of groundwater samples to identify water quality index and comparative statistical analysis of Hunsur Taluk, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
Authors: Afshan Noushin , Nagaraju D. , Bhanuprakash H. M. , Deep P. Gagan
Published: July 2022

Groundwater quality assessment is critical for maintaining freshwater sources in semi-arid and dry environments, which is critical for long-term development. Water quality control authorities can regulate the use of water for agriculture or drinking implementations based on groundwater quality in various areas, as nearly 85% of India's population is reliant on groundwater for domestic and irrigation needs, particularly as a source of drinking in rural areas. From Hunsur taluk, Mysore district, Karnataka, India, this study explores and identifies potential places for pumping groundwater for drinking and irrigation. An analysis of groundwater quality was conducted by analyzing the Water Quality Index (WQI) determined from 30 wells during two seasons of the year 2019, namely Pre-Monsoon and Post-Monsoon. The identification of the quality of water resources for irrigation and drinking purposes can be determined with the help of the WQI. It’s extremely useful for classifying water quality considering the standard-based classification of water as excellent, good, poor, very poor, or unsuitable for drinking. By using the Weighted Arithmetic Index method calculated using the groundwater samples collected data for the study, reported ‘excellent water’ ranges between 80 and 83.33 and ‘good water’ between 20 and 16.67, and never found ‘poor water.’ The IWQ index for the study area has been reported to be in the average range of 17.35–65.64. This paper highlights the physico-chemical parameters assess water quality in comparison with climatology.
The Burned Out Physician
Authors: Kello John E. , Allen Joseph A.
Published: July 2022

Burnout is a major psychological and physical health-related problem for workers in all fields, but especially for those in the fast-paced and rapidly changing world of healthcare. Burnout has severe consequences for patients, including medical error, and is a leading contributing cause of depression and suicide among healthcare workers. Organizational science is just beginning to be applied in earnest to physician burnout and patient safety, and holds several potential keys to addressing these concerns. The Burned Out Physician is for two groups: healthcare workers (especially physicians) and patients. Physicians will use this book to get an accurate picture of what they are experiencing and how to change it, and patients will use this book to see what their healthcare providers are experiencing and learn how to help and/or protect themselves. The volume includes a checklist of burnout symptoms, and crucially a list of solutions as part of an active effort to solve the burnout crisis.
The Art of Mathematics – Take Two
Authors: Bollobás Béla
Published: July 2022

Lovers of mathematics, young and old, professional and amateur, will enjoy this book. It is mathematics with fun: a collection of attractive problems that will delight and test readers. Many of the problems are drawn from the large number that have entertained and challenged students, guests and colleagues over the years during afternoon tea. The problems have their roots in many areas of mathematics. They vary greatly in difficulty: some are very easy, but most are far from trivial, and quite a few rather hard. Many provide substantial and surprising results that form the tip of an iceberg, providing an introduction to an important topic. To enjoy and appreciate the problems, readers should browse the book choosing one that looks particularly enticing, and think about it on and off for a while before resorting to the hint or the solution. Follow threads for an enjoyable and enriching journey through mathematics.
An Indefinite Excursion in Operator Theory
Authors: Gheondea Aurelian
Published: July 2022

This modern introduction to operator theory on spaces with indefinite inner product discusses the geometry and the spectral theory of linear operators on these spaces, the deep interplay with complex analysis, and applications to interpolation problems. The text covers the key results from the last four decades in a readable way with full proofs provided throughout. Step by step, the reader is guided through the intricate geometry and topology of spaces with indefinite inner product, before progressing to a presentation of the geometry and spectral theory on these spaces. The author carefully highlights where difficulties arise and what tools are available to overcome them. With generous background material included in the appendices, this text is an excellent resource for graduate students as well as researchers in operator theory, functional analysis, and related areas.
Long Latency Reflexes in Clinical Neurology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dhar Debjyoti , Kamble Nitish , Pal Pramod Kumar
Published: July 2022

Background:

Long latency reflexes (LLRs) are impaired in a wide array of clinical conditions. We aimed to illustrate the clinical applications and recent advances of LLR in various neurological disorders from a systematic review of published literature.

Methods:

We reviewed the literature using appropriately chosen MeSH terms on the database platforms of MEDLINE, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar for all the articles from 1st January 1975 to 2nd February 2021 using the search terms “long loop reflex”, “long latency reflex” and “C-reflex”. The included articles were analyzed and reported using synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) guidelines.

Results:

Based on our selection criteria, 40 articles were selected for the systematic review. The various diseases included parkinsonian syndromes (11 studies, 217 patients), Huntington’s disease (10 studies, 209 patients), myoclonus of varied etiologies (13 studies, 127 patients) including progressive myoclonic epilepsy (5 studies, 63 patients) and multiple sclerosis (6 studies, 200 patients). Patients with parkinsonian syndromes showed large amplitude LLR II response. Enlarged LLR II was also found in myoclonus of various etiologies. LLR II response was delayed or absent in Huntington’s disease. Delayed LLR II response was present in multiple sclerosis. Among the other diseases, LLR response varied according to the location of cerebellar lesions while the results were equivocal in patients with essential tremor.

Conclusions:

Abnormal LLR is observed in many neurological disorders. However, larger systematic studies are required in many neurological disorders in order to establish its role in diagnosis and management.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers: cross-sectional analyses from 14 countries
Authors: Ghozy Sherief , Cross Wendy M. , Islam Shariful , Al-Mawali Adhra Hilal , AlQurashi Alaa Ashraf , Hamza Amr , Joseph Bindu , Banik Biswajit , Elsori Deena H. , Sultana Farhana , Yasmin Farhana , Mahmud Ilias , Lam Louisa , Hammoud Majeda , Salehin Masudus , Keblawi Mohammed Ali , Eltewacy Nael Kamel , Al Laham Nahed , El-Khazragy Nashwa , Oli Natalia , Tungpunkom Patraporn , Almustanyir Sami , Chair Sek Ying , Alif Sheikh M. , Al-Madhoun Sondos , Chien Wai Tong , Rahman Muhammad Aziz
Published: July 2022

Background

Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been impacted psychologically due to their professional responsibilities over the prolonged era of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The study aimed to identify the predictors of psychological distress, fear, and coping during the COVID-19 pandemic among HCWs.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among self-identified HCWs across 14 countries (12 from Asia and two from Africa). The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and the Brief Resilient Coping Scale were used to assess the psychological distress, fear, and coping of HCWs, respectively.

Results

A total of 2447 HCWs participated; 36% were doctors, and 42% were nurses, with a mean age of 36 (±12) years, and 70% were females. Moderate to very-high psychological distress was prevalent in 67% of the HCWs; the lowest rate was reported in the United Arab Emirates (1%) and the highest in Indonesia (16%). The prevalence of high levels of fear was 20%; the lowest rate was reported in Libya (9%) and the highest in Egypt (32%). The prevalence of medium-to-high resilient coping was 63%; the lowest rate was reported in Libya (28%) and the highest in Syria (76%).

Conclusion

COVID-19 has augmented the psychological distress among HCWs. Factors identified in this study should be considered in managing the wellbeing of HCWs, who had been serving as the frontline drivers in managing the crisis successfully across all participating countries. Furthermore, interventions to address their psychological distress should be considered.
The Politics of Intersecting Crises: The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Climate Policy Preferences
Authors: Bergquist Parrish , De Roche Gabriel , Lachapelle Erick , Mildenberger Matto , Harrison Kathryn
Published: July 2022

Few contemporary crises have reshaped public policy as dramatically as the COVID-19 pandemic. In its shadow, policymakers have debated whether other pressing crises—including climate change—should be integrated into COVID-19 policy responses. Public support for such an approach is unclear: the COVID-19 crisis might eclipse public concern for other policy problems, or complementarities between COVID-19 and other issues could boost support for broad government interventions. In this research note, we use a conjoint experiment, panel study, and framing experiment to assess the substitutability or complementarity of COVID-19 and climate change among US and Canadian publics. We find no evidence that the COVID-19 crisis crowds out public concern about the climate crisis. Instead, we find that the publics in both countries prefer that their governments integrate climate action into COVID-19 responses. We also find evidence that analogizing climate change with COVID-19 may increase concern about climate change.
Functional ear symptoms referred to an otology clinic: incidence, co-morbidity, aetiological factors and a new experience-driven clinical model
Authors: Scholfield D W , Chandrasekharan D , Bahra A , Williams M , Patel N
Published: July 2022

Objective

This study aimed to review the incidence and co-morbidity of functional ear symptoms in new referrals to an adult otology clinic and present a clinical model based on neuroscientific concepts.

Method

This was a retrospective review of 1000 consecutive new referrals to an adult otology clinic.

Results

Functional disorder was the primary diagnosis in 346 patients (34.6 per cent). Functional ear symptoms included tinnitus (69.7 per cent), imbalance (23.7 per cent), otalgia (22.8 per cent) and aural fullness (19.1 per cent), with more than one symptom occurring in 25.1 per cent of patients. Co-morbidities included sensorineural hearing loss (39 per cent), emotional stress (30 per cent) and chronic illness (22 per cent).

Conclusion

Functional disorders commonly present to the otology clinic, often in the presence of emotional stress or chronic illness. They occur because of adaptation of brain circuitry to experience, including adverse events, chronic illness and fear learning. This study presented an experience-driven clinical model based on these concepts. An understanding of these principles will significantly aid otolaryngologists who encounter patients with functional ear symptoms.
The Personalisation of Social Care: How Can a Healthcare System Be Adapted to the Specific Characteristics of People with Multiple Impairments? The case of the care of people with “rare disabilities” in France
Authors: WINANCE MYRIAM , BERTRAND LOUIS
Published: July 2022

Since the 1980s, “personalisation” is at the centre of the evolution of disability policies and more generally of the Welfare state. It refers on one hand to the question of self-determination through the allocation of personalised budgets, and on the other to the adaptation of care to the specificities of a given person, through the development of “person-centred” care. In this article we study the issue of the personalisation of care from a point of view intermediate to these two dimensions, that of the transformation of social care organisations. Using the example of care provided to people with multiple impairments in France, we analyse how new social care organisations have addressed the diversity and specificity of the needs of these people. This analysis thus proposes a new way to think about the personalisation of policy responses implemented by the welfare state.
The production of /s/-stop clusters by pre-schoolers with hearing loss
Authors: MILLASSEAU Julien , BRUGGEMAN Laurence , YUEN Ivan , DEMUTH Katherine
Published: July 2022

Producing word-initial /s/-stop clusters can be a challenge for English-speaking pre-schoolers. For children with hearing loss (HL), fricatives can be also difficult to perceive, raising questions about their production and representation of /s/-stop clusters. The goal of this study was therefore to determine if pre-schoolers with HL can produce and represent the /s/ in word-initial /s/-stop clusters, and to compare this to their normal hearing (NH) peers. Based on both acoustic and perceptual analysis, we found that children with HL had little /s/-omission, suggesting that their phonological representation of these clusters closely aligns with that of their NH peers.
Assessment of phenotypic diversity and multi-locational screening against bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) disease resistance in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm
Authors: Basavaraja Talavar , Manjunatha Lakshmaiah , Chandora Rahul , Singh Mohar , Rathod Santosha , Dubey Vikas , R. C. Kanishka , Singh Farindra , Singh Narendra Pratap
Published: July 2022

Assessing genetic diversity and identifying trait-specific germplasm within germplasm collections is necessary for a varietal development programme. Agronomic features were investigated in 318 diverse dry bean germplasm accessions, including check varieties. We observed a lot of genetic variability for the traits studied. A wide range of variations was noticed for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, pod length, the number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight (HSW). For eight of the agronomic features evaluated, the analysis of variance revealed substantial differences among the accessions. For all characters, phenotypic coefficient of variation estimations were more significant than genotypic coefficient of variation. Plant height, days to 50% flowering, seed yield (q/ha) and HSW had high heritability and genetic advance as a per cent of the mean. Association analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between HSW, plant height, pod length and seed yield (q/ha). According to a hierarchical clustering analysis based on agronomic features, the diversity of dry bean germplasm has no significant association with their geographical origin. The number of pods per plant, plant height, days to maturity, days to 50% flowering and seed yield had relatively long vectors based on principal components 1 and 2, indicating that genotypes differ significantly. Additionally, the trait-specific donors and bean common mosaic virus disease-resistant accessions, IC360831, ET4515, EC150250, IC340947, IC564797B, EC565693 and ET8409 could be of value for dry bean improvement.
Changing the administration from within: criticism and compliance by junior bureaucrats in Niger's Refugee Directorate
Authors: Lambert Laura
Published: July 2022

Research has rarely investigated the actions bureaucrats take to challenge the status quo of their organisation from within. Proposing a power-analytical approach to voice, exit and everyday resistance as political strategies of challenging the bureaucratic status quo, I study the difficulties of achieving organisational change in a context of structural constraints on junior bureaucrats’ reformative power. During field research in Niger's Refugee Directorate, I found that despite the associated risks, junior bureaucrats criticised their working conditions and, in confidential conversations, the administration. As precarious staff, they often combined criticism with compliance. In frequent acts of semi-private criticism amongst peers and with external actors, they problematised their working conditions and the state, but performed symbolic conformity in the everyday to avoid sanctions. This strategy nevertheless created autonomy for themselves and mobilised external actors for change-making. In rarer acts of direct criticism voiced to their superiors, the junior staff often complied with the same informal solidarities they vocally criticised.
Directional atherectomy and drug-coated balloon angioplasty vs. bare	nitinol stent angioplasty for femoropopliteal artery lesions
Authors: Wei Lichun , Guo Jianming , Guo Lianrui , Qi Lixing , Cui Shijun , Tong Zhu , Hou Peiyong , Gu Yongquan
Published: July 2022

Summary: Background: The present study evaluated the prognosis of directional atherectomy (DA)+drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty for femoropopliteal artery lesions compared with bare nitinol stent (BNS). Patients and methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients with femoropopliteal artery lesions who underwent percutaneous endovascular surgery between January 2016 and June 2019. The primary outcome was the primary patency rate after 12, 24, and 36 months; the secondary outcomes comprised incidence of flow-limiting dissections, technical success, limb salvage, and all-cause death. Results: During the study period, 110 (44%) patients underwent DA+DCB, and 140 (56%) patients underwent bare nitinol stent (BNS). There were no differences in the 12- and 24-month patency rates of the two groups (98.2% vs. 93.6% and 68.2% vs. 60.0%, both p>.05). The 36-month primary patency rate in the DA+DCB group was significantly higher than that of the BNS group (27.3% vs. 15.7%, p=.003). The technical success rate and all-cause death were similar between groups ( p>.05). Flow-limiting dissections occurred more frequently in the BNS group than in the DA+DCB group (27.9% vs. 10.9%, p=.033). After adjustment for potential confounders, such as sex, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, ABI after surgery, TASC II B, lesion length ≥15 cm, two-vessel runoff, and three-vessel runoff, the HR for primary patency rate comparing BNS to DA+DCB was 2.61 (95%CI: 1.61–4.25). Conclusions: In this retrospective cohort study, DA+DCB was associated with a higher 30-month primary patency rate and a lower flow-limiting dissection incidence than BNS.
The Aeolian Environment in Glen Torridon, Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Sullivan R. , Baker M. , Newman C. , Turner M. , Schieber J. , Weitz C. , Hallet B. , Ellison D. , Minitti M.
Published: July 2022

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover spent a full martian year exploring the phyllosilicate‐bearing Glen Torridon trough on the flank of Aeolis Mons in Gale crater, enabling in‐depth assessment of aeolian processes. MSL encountered erosional and depositional features recording a long aeolian history. The trough has served as a long‐term conduit for sand transport, probably involving many cycles of sand accumulation and deflation. Rock abrasion textures indicate sand‐driving winds blowing W‐SW (opposite of abrasion textures on the Greenheugh Pediment above the trough floor). Indurated megaripple surfaces with 2–5 mm grains contrast with seasonally active ripples having finer maximum grain sizes, indicating more vigorous saltation in the past. Active ripples display a broad continuum of wavelengths, as well as coarser grains at crests than troughs, consistent with origins as impact ripples. Orientations of a wind streak extending from a large ripple field, and sandy wind tails behind obstacles, indicate sand is driven W‐SW in the current era, approximately along the trough axis. Erosion of drill tailings piles was strongly seasonal, enhanced during late spring and early summer (perihelion). Climate modeling suggests W‐SW sand transport can be attributed to seasonal enhancement of nighttime regional winds entering Gale crater from the N, combined with local katabatic winds flowing down the slopes of Aeolis Mons. However, it is unclear whether sand transport at Glen Torridon is primarily from these wind components combining and acting simultaneously, or occurring in serial at different times of night; field evidence supports both possibilities.
Spatio‐Temporal Level Variations of the Martian Seasonal South Polar Cap From Co‐Registration of MOLA Profiles
Authors: Xiao Haifeng , Stark Alexander , Schmidt Frédéric , Hao Jingyan , Su Shu , Steinbrügge Gregor , Oberst Jürgen
Published: July 2022

The seasonal deposition and sublimation of CO2 represents a major element in the Martian volatile cycle. Here, co‐registration strategies are applied to Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter profiles to obtain spatio‐temporal variations in snow/ice level of the Seasonal South Polar Cap (SSPC), in grid elements of 0.5° in latitude from 60° to 87°S and 10° in longitude. The maximum snow/ice level in the range of 2–2.5 m is observed over the Residual South Polar Cap. Peak level at the Residual South Polar Cap in Martian Year 25 (MY25) are found to be typically ∼0.5 m higher than those in MY24. The total volume is estimated to peak at approximately 9.4 × 1012 m3. In addition, a map of average bulk density of the SSPC during its recession is derived. It implies much more snowfall‐like precipitation at the Residual South Polar Cap and its surroundings than elsewhere on Mars.
Rapid bacterioplankton transcription cascades regulate organic matter utilization during phytoplankton bloom progression in a coastal upwelling system
Authors: Pontiller Benjamin , Martínez-García Sandra , Joglar Vanessa , Amnebrink Dennis , Pérez-Martínez Clara , González José M , Lundin Daniel , Fernández Emilio , Teira Eva , Pinhassi Jarone
Published: July 2022

Coastal upwelling zones are hotspots of oceanic productivity, driven by phytoplankton photosynthesis. Bacteria, in turn, grow on and are the principal remineralizers of dissolved organic matter (DOM) produced in aquatic ecosystems. However, the molecular processes that key bacterial taxa employ to regulate the turnover of phytoplankton-derived DOM are not well understood. We therefore carried out comparative time-series metatranscriptome analyses of bacterioplankton in the Northwest Iberian upwelling system, using parallel sampling of seawater and mesocosms with in situ-like conditions. The mesocosm experiment uncovered a taxon-specific progression of transcriptional responses from bloom development (characterized by a diverse set of taxa in the orders Cellvibrionales, Rhodobacterales, and Pelagibacterales), over early decay (mainly taxa in the Alteromonadales and Flavobacteriales), to senescence phases (Flavobacteriales and Saprospirales taxa). Pronounced order-specific differences in the transcription of glycoside hydrolases, peptidases, and transporters were found, supporting that functional resource partitioning is dynamically structured by temporal changes in available DOM. In addition, comparative analysis of mesocosm and field samples revealed a high degree of metabolic plasticity in the degradation and uptake of carbohydrates and nitrogen-rich compounds, suggesting these gene systems critically contribute to modulating the stoichiometry of the labile DOM pool. Our findings suggest that cascades of transcriptional responses in gene systems for the utilization of organic matter and nutrients largely shape the fate of organic matter on the time scales typical of upwelling-driven phytoplankton blooms.
Intracellular development and impact of a marine eukaryotic parasite on its zombified microalgal host
Authors: Decelle Johan , Kayal Ehsan , Bigeard Estelle , Gallet Benoit , Bougoure Jeremy , Clode Peta , Schieber Nicole , Templin Rachel , Hehenberger Elisabeth , Prensier Gerard , Chevalier Fabien , Schwab Yannick , Guillou Laure
Published: July 2022

Parasites are widespread and diverse in oceanic plankton and many of them infect single-celled algae for survival. How these parasites develop and scavenge energy within the host and how the cellular organization and metabolism of the host is altered remain open questions. Combining quantitative structural and chemical imaging with time-resolved transcriptomics, we unveil dramatic morphological and metabolic changes of the marine parasite Amoebophrya (Syndiniales) during intracellular infection, particularly following engulfment and digestion of nutrient-rich host chromosomes. Changes include a sequential acristate and cristate mitochondrion with a 200-fold increase in volume, a 13-fold increase in nucleus volume, development of Golgi apparatus and a metabolic switch from glycolysis (within the host) to TCA (free-living dinospore). Similar changes are seen in apicomplexan parasites, thus underlining convergent traits driven by metabolic constraints and the infection cycle. In the algal host, energy-producing organelles (plastid, mitochondria) remain relatively intact during most of the infection. We also observed that sugar reserves diminish while lipid droplets increase. Rapid infection of the host nucleus could be a “zombifying” strategy, allowing the parasite to digest nutrient-rich chromosomes and escape cytoplasmic defense, whilst benefiting from maintained carbon-energy production of the host cell.
Denture cleanliness and hygiene: an overview
Authors: Mylonas Petros , Milward Paul , McAndrew Robert
Published: July 2022

Dentures are an excellent treatment modality for partial and edentate patients; however, improper denture care and hygiene can result in both decreased longevity of the prosthesis and increased risk of developing dental caries, periodontal disease and oral candidosis. Previously, it has been shown that patients and dental professionals are unaware of the different materials and methods available for optimum denture care and hygiene. This article provides an overview of the key legislation and main commercially available methods for denture cleanliness and hygiene, and serves as a basis for providing tailored denture hygiene for denture wearers.
Stabilization of SAMHD1 by NONO is crucial for Ara-C resistance in AML
Authors: Zhang Feifei , Sun Jun , Tang Xiaofeng , Liang Yiping , Jiao Quanhui , Yu Bo , Dai Zhengzai , Yuan Xuhui , Li Jiayu , Yan Jinhua , Zhang Zhiping , Fan Song , Wang Min , Hu Haiyan , Zhang Changhua , Lv Xiao-Bin
Published: July 2022

Cytarabine (Ara-C) is the first-line drug for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). However, resistance eventually develops, decreasing the efficacy of Ara-C in AML patients. The expression of SAMHD1, a deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) triphosphohydrolase, has been reported to be elevated in Ara-C-resistant AML patients and to play a crucial role in mediating Ara-C resistance in AML. However, the mechanism by which SAMHD1 is upregulated in resistant AML remains unknown. In this study, NONO interacted with and stabilized SAMHD1 by inhibiting DCAF1-mediated ubiquitination/degradation of SAMHD1. Overexpression of NONO increased SAMHD1 expression and reduced the sensitivity of AML cells to Ara-C, and downregulation of NONO had the opposite effects. In addition, the DNA-damaging agents DDP and adriamycin (ADM) reduced NONO/SAMHD1 expression and sensitized AML cells to Ara-C. More importantly, NONO was upregulated in Ara-C-resistant AML cells, resulting in increased SAMHD1 expression in resistant AML cells, and DDP and ADM treatment resensitized resistant AML cells to Ara-C. This study revealed the mechanism by which SAMHD1 is upregulated in Ara-C-resistant AML cells and provided novel therapeutic strategies for Ara-C-resistant AML.
Natural killer cell awakening: unleash cancer-immunity cycle against glioblastoma
Authors: Wang Minjie , Zhou Zijie , Wang Xuan , Zhang Chaocai , Jiang Xiaobing
Published: July 2022

Due to the negligence of the complex tumor immune microenvironment, traditional treatment for glioblastoma has reached its limitation and cannot achieve a satisfying outcome in the past decade. The emergence of immunotherapy based on the theory of cancer-immunity cycle has brought a new dawn to glioblastoma patients. However, the results of most phase II and phase III clinical trials are not optimistic due to the simple focus on T cells activation rather than other immune cells involved in anti-tumor immunity. NK cells play a critical role in both innate and adaptive immunity, having the ability to coordinate immune response in inflammation, autoimmune disease and cancer. They are expected to cooperate with T cells to maximize the anti-tumor immune effect and have great potential in treating glioblastoma. Here, we describe the traditional treatment methods and current immunotherapy strategies for glioblastoma. Then, we list a microenvironment map and discuss the reasons for glioblastoma inhibitory immunity from multiple perspectives. More importantly, we focus on the advantages of NK cells as potential immune regulatory cells and the ways to maximize their anti-tumor immune effect. Finally, our outlook on the directions and potential applications of NK cell-based therapy combining with the advance technologies is presented. This review depicts NK cell awakening as the precondition to unleash the cancer-immunity cycle against glioblastoma and elaborate this idea from biology to clinical treatment.
Nanomorphology dependence of the environmental stability of organic solar cells
Authors: Sung Woong , Lee Hansol , Choi Wookjin , Han Se Gyo , Kim Jimin , Cho Kwangwoo , Kim Seung Hyun , Lee Dongki , Kim Hyung Do , Ohkita Hideo , Cho Kilwon
Published: July 2022

Previous studies have reported contradictory effects of small-molecule acceptors on the environmental stability of polymer:small-molecule blends, with one showing that a small-molecule acceptor stabilizes and another showing that it destabilizes the polymer donor. In this work, to investigate the origin of these contradictory results, the effects of the nanomorphologies of small-molecule acceptors on the environmental stability of polymer:small-molecule blends are demonstrated. Investigations on the environmental stabilities of polymer:fullerene blends of poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) with contrasting nanomorphologies of PCBM reveal that dispersed PCBM in a mixed phase is the critical factor that causes triplet-mediated singlet oxygen generation and, hence, the severe photooxidation of PTB7, whereas an aggregated PCBM phase stabilizes PTB7 by reducing the formation of PTB7 triplet excitons. In addition, the photooxidation of PTB7 substantially degrades hole transport in the PTB7:PCBM blends by destroying the crystalline PTB7 phases within the films; this effect is strongly correlated with the efficiency losses of the PTB7:PCBM organic solar cells. These conclusions are also extended to polymer:nonfullerene blends of PTB7:ITIC and PTB7:Y6, thereby confirming the generality of this phenomenon for polymer:small-molecule organic solar cells.