bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Gleditsia Saponin on Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Furfural Residue for Ethanol Production
Authors: Tang Yong , Su Zhao Qing , Zhao Dan Qing , Qi Xiang , Jiang Jian Xin
Published: May 2011

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation is an attractive process configuration for bioethanol. However, the process cost in SSF is still high. Further reductions in cost are expected with reduction of enzyme addition and the use of waste agricultural or industrial materials as feedstock. Surfactant addition is a simple method to reduce the amount of enzyme loading. In the present work we explore the effect of Gleditsia Saponin, an inexpensive and natural surfactant, on SSF of furfural residue, a main waste of furfural industry in China, for ethanol production. Gleditsia Saponin addition even at low concentration, 0.04 g/l, increased the ethanol yield by 9.9%. Meanwhile, when Gleditsia Saponin addition was 0.16 g/l, the yield was increased by 22.8% and the enzyme activity significantly increased in the liquid fraction at the end of SSF, which would contribute to recover and recycle enzyme. Gleditsia Saponin addition at 1.25 g/l had a better performance in improving SSF efficiency than that of 2.5 g/l Tween-20 addition. The positive effects of Gleditsia Saponin addition on SSF, such as less enzyme loading and shorter residence time could also been observed.
Application of Precipitated Silica in Low Basis Weight Newspaper
Authors: Liu Quan Xiao , Xu Wen Cai , Lv Yu Bin , Li Jin Li
Published: May 2011

Filler is one of the most important components of paper. Silica is a kind of excellent filler for its special chemical structure. Silica was prepared in the laboratory, and applied into paper. The dispersion properties of the silica with different sizes in paper sheets, the effect of smash on dispersion property of silica in paper sheets, the effect of silica on the zeta potential of newspaper pulp system, the effect of retention agent cationic polyacrylamide on zeta potential of newspaper pulp system and the effect of silica on properties of paper sheet were measured. The results show that the fineness of the silica used in paper is the most important factor which affects the dispersion. The addition of silica and the use of retention agent cationic polyacrylamide increase the zeta potential of the newspaper pulp system. The addition of precipitated silica increases the whiteness of paper slightly and the opacity obviously.
Preparation and Application of Wheat Straw Fibers Modified by In Situ Grafting Copolymerization of Caprolactam
Authors: Xiu Hui Juan , Han Qin , Wang Li Jun , Li Jin Bao
Published: May 2011

Modifing wheat straw pulp fibers via in situ graft copolymerization has been regarded as one of the effective approaches to improve paper properties. In this work,modified fibers were prepared by in situ graft copolymerization of caprolactam onto fibers surface using potassium persulphate-sodium bisulfite as a free radical initiator under alkaline medium. The optimum process parameters of the grafting reaction were followed: the ratio of modifier dosage to fiber was 0.5 ,the ratio of initiator dosage to fiber was 0.1, the ratio of sodium bisulfite to potassium persulphate was 4:5, pulp consistency was 5% ,the reaction time was 2h,the reaction temperature was at 60°C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was performed to confirm the existence of the grafted copolymers on the surface of fibers. Furthermore, the paper physical properties of the grafted pulp are improved remarkably.
Preparation and Catalytic Performances of Glucose Char Sulfonic Acids
Authors: Xu Qiong , Yin Du Lin , Xia Yue
Published: May 2011

A series of glucose char sulfonic acids (GCSA) were prepared via a two-step procedure involving sulfuric acid catalytic charring of glucose and successively sulfonation. GCSA prepared in this new route possess high sulfonic acid loading, and acid capacity of GCSA-2 reaches as high as 2.60 mmol g-1 at charring conditions of sulfuric acid being 80%, ratio of glucose and sulfuric acid being 1:8, charring time being 3 h, charring temperature being 80 °C. All GCSA were found to be active in the esterification between n-butanol and acetic acid. GCSA-2 behaved with good activity with 95.6% conversion and 100% ester selectivity.
Preparation of Plate-Shaped Calcium Carbonate and its Application in the Coating Paper
Authors: Wang Sen , Li Xin Ping , Mao Er Lin , Cheng Zhuo Yuan
Published: May 2011

This paper deals with the preparation of Plate-shaped Calcium Carbonate and Its Application in the Paper Coating. calcium oxide and carbon dioxide were used as major materials to preparetion the Plate-shaped Calcium Carbonate, The best reaction conditions as follows: w(CaO)：w（H2O）=1：5, V（CO2）：V（atmosphere）=1：2. Then use the Plate-shaped Calcium Carbonate in spreading. The results show that the Plate-shaped Calcium Carbonate is a high-performance product that can obviously enhance the paper’s smoothness, whiteness, air permeability, printing ink absorbance.
Study on the Synthesis Optimization of Paper Wet-Strengthening Resin PAE
Authors: Chen Shi Min , Zhu Hong Xiang , Xia Nan Nan , Wang Shuang Fei , Song Hai Nong
Published: May 2011

The Polyamide Polyamine Epichlorhydrin Resin was obtained by using adipic acid, diethylene triamine and epoxy chloropropane as raw materials. The factors that would affect the properties of PAE resin were considered, including the reaction time, the dosage of the epoxy chloropropane, the injection time of epoxy chloropropane and the soaking time, and the wet strengthening property of PAE resin were studied through experiments. The results are as following: the ratio of epoxy chloropropane to diethylenetriamine is 1:1, the injection time of epoxy chloropropane is 8.5 min, the reaction temperature is 75 °C and the soaking time is 35min~40min. Under the optimum conditions, the PAE has a higher wet-strength and solid content, and its viscosity up to 25~35cp.
The Stickies Removal by Steam Explosion from Recovered Paper
Authors: Luo Lian Xin , Wang Shuang Fei , Wei Fang Lin
Published: May 2011

The object of this work is to evaluate the optimal process of stickies removal on steam-explosion pulping from recovered paper. OCC (Old Corrugated Container), offset paper and coated art paper are presented for steam-explosion treatment. The parameters tested by single-factor tests are: liquor, explosion pressure, heat preservation time, and the charge of sodium hydrate and sodium silicate. The criterion used to characterize the stickies removal efficiency is the consistence of macrostickies and DCS in pulp after treatment. The compositional analysis are achieved the optimal explosion conditions. The use of steam explosion would be desirable in dealing with recovered paper.
Study on Spinning and Structure Properties of Regenerated TussahSilk/Cellulose Blend Fibers Using Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zengge Guo , Cheng Bo Wen , Jun Song , Lei Gao , Fei Lu , Yi Liang
Published: May 2011

In this work, the spinnging process of tussah silk/cellulose blend fiber using ionic liquids as solvent has been studied and the optimum spinning parameters were obtained from the orthogonal test. The structures morphology and properties of blend fibers were investigated through mechanical properties, SEM and FTIR. The result showed that break strength was 1.4124cN/dtex and break elongation was 9.803% in the condition of the optimum spinning parameters.
Synthesis and Characterization of Liquefied Corn Barn-Based Epoxy Resins
Authors: Zhang Wen Ming , Zhang Yu Cang , Zhao De Feng
Published: May 2011

The liquefied corn barn-based epoxy resin (LCBER) was synthesised through the glycidyl etherification reaction from liquefied corn barn (LCB) had having groups of bound phenol and epichlorohydrine under alkali conditions. The average molecular weights of LCBER in various reaction conditions were examined. The extreme high molecular weight portion of LCBER-30 was obtained using LCB at 30 min as raw materials. The epoxy functionality of LCBER was controlled by the amount of bound phenol in LCB. LCBER was cured with polyamide-650 (PA-650) and the thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated. Comparing to the petroleum-based bisphenol-A type epoxy resin (DGEBA), LCBER presented higher adhesive shear strength and good thermal stability. These suggested that LCBER would be more suitable to glue biomass materials.
Application of Talcum Powder as Filler in the Production of Base Sheet of Paper-Process Reconstituted Tobacco
Authors: Wang Liang , Wang Feng Lan , Mao Yao , Yao Yuan Jun , Wen Yang Bing
Published: May 2011

The application of talcum powder (TP) as filler in the production of base sheet of paper-process reconstituted tobacco were studied both by laboratory scale experiment and pilot scale trial. The results showed that using TP as filler of the base sheet obviously improved the ash content and liquid absorption characteristic of the base sheet compared with using precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). Meanwhile, the smoking qualities of the base sheets were evaluated by the tobacco experts and the final evaluation results showed that the base sheet with TP had better smoking quality.
A Two-Parameter Model of FRP Laminates Stiffness Reduction
Authors: Zhang Tai Feng , Yang Xiao Hua , Sun Wen Sheng , Cai Zeng Jie
Published: May 2011

Matrix crack and fibre breakage are the main damage models of the fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates under cyclic loading. In this paper, meso-mechanical analysis is used and a two-parameter model is developed to describe the stiffness reduction. Based on the probability distribution function of fiber strength, the evolution of fibre breakage is deduced. Then with the help of the damage evolution, the stiffness reduction of laminates can be predicted. As an example, the stiffness reduction of grass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminate is made and the simulation results show that the proposed model has good capacity to describe the stiffness reduction of FRP laminates resulted in the combination of matrix crack and fibre breakage.
Preparation and Water Resistance of the New Water Epellent Agent of Paper Lunch Boxes
Authors: Zhou Shu Fang , Zhao Chuan Shan , Wang Jing Jing
Published: May 2011

In this paper, a kind of sizing synergist,AKD,cationic rosin(CRS) and oil resistance agent were mixed in different proportions, we make it as a kind of new water repellent agent ,and for internal sizing. The best dosage and the composite ratio of the synergist, AKD, cationic rosin and oil resistance agent was discussed mainly in this experiment. And then the copy paper were tested of the substanceweight and contact angle, and compared with the water resistance when the domestic water repellent agent or AKD was added alone. Conclusions of this experiment are following: the optimal conditions were that the mass ratio of AKD and CRS is 6:4, the additive level of AKD and the cationic rosin is 6% (based on dry weight of pulp), the quantity of the sizing synergist is 0.5% , and no oil resistance agent was added, the effect of water resistance is best.
Preparation and Characterization of Microcystins-LR by HPLC and HPLC-MS
Authors: Liu Si Quan , Chen Yong Fang , Wang Li Guo , Jia Rui Bao
Published: May 2011

It is well known that microcystins (MCs) are the most abundant toxins produced by cyanobacteria in freshwater. The separation and characterization of MCs isomers are very important to the research of algal pollution in freshwater. In this paper MCs isomers were extracted by using methanol water solution and separated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The different isomers were characterized by using HPLC-MS method. Different ratio of extract solvent and chromatographic conditions were discussed. Five MCs isomers were successfully extracted from cyanobacteria of Dianchi Lake. Three of which were characterized to be MC-RR, MC-YR and MC-LR, 1.5mg (92.3 purity) of MC-LR was prepared by using a semi-preparation HPLC system.
Preparation of Solutions of Papermaking Wet End Chemicals Using Process Water
Authors: Zhao Li Hong , Hu Jian Rong , He Bei Hai
Published: May 2011

In this work, the possibility of diluting chemicals using white water in paper making process instead of fresh water was discussed. The circulation water was found to be harmless to the fines and filler retention when retention aids chemicals were prepared with fresh water. The retention performance of the dual retention aids system consisting of CPAM and bentonite was determined when dissolved using white water. It was found that the dissolution of CPAM with white water from disc saveall did not have an influence on the efficiency of retention aids system, while the flocculation function of bentonite was significantly affected by the quality of white water. Moreover, the result indicated that it was feasible for fixing agent PEI to be dissolved with white water in this experiment.
The Study of Kraft Continuous Cooking of Knenaf
Authors: Yu Dong Mei , Chen Ke Fu , Zhao Chuan Shan , Xu Jun
Published: May 2011

The paper studied the possibility of using the whole stalk kenaf as a raw material for producing high yield and good quality bleachable pulp. The stem of kenaf has two distinct parts: the bast and the core. which have markedly different chemical components and fiber morphology. In general, the length of bast fiber ranges from about 2-2.5mm, while that of the core varies from about 0.5-0.8mm, so it is important to achieve a balance of the bast fiber and the core during pulping. The study indicated that using the selected continuous cooking conditions, the properties of kenaf pulp approached to the hardwood pulp and would be easily bleached.
The Use Effect of Reed Ethanol Lignin Flocculant
Authors: Ping Qing Wei , Li Hair Yang , Yang Li Ye
Published: May 2011

The synthetic of lignin flocculant has two steps. First, the graft copolymerization of lignin and acrylamide; Second, make the graft copolymer into cation product. This lignin flocculant has a high decolour rate and removal of CODCr. Under the experimental conditions which pH is 6.0～8.0, 0.5mL lignin flocculant and 50mL waste water, decolour rate is high to more than 80.0%, removal of CODCrcould reach 85.0%.
Practice of Environment Management in the Wheat Straw Pulping Workshop
Authors: Sun Xian Qi , Zhao Chuan Shan
Published: May 2011

Environment management is of great consequence in the wheat straw pulping workshop. It contributes to the health of workers and prolongs the service life of mechanical and electric equipment. In this paper, reasons for waste liquor, waste steam, corrosive gas, foam were analyzed. Some special solutions were put forward.
Study on Bleaching of De-Inked Pulp
Authors: Yun Na , He Bei Hai
Published: May 2011

FAS bleaching (F) and conventional H2O2 bleaching (P) as well as TAED activated H2O2 bleaching (PT) of wastepaper de-inked pulp (DIP) were studied in this paper. The results showed that the optimum conditions for FAS bleaching of DIP at 10% consistency were FAS 0.6%, NaOH 0.3%, reaction time 30min, temperature 70°C. Under the same conditions of H2O2 3.0%, NaOH 2.0%, Na2SiO3 3.0％, MgSO4 0.05％, the optimum temperature was 80°C and reaction time 90min for conventional hydrogen peroxide bleaching; the optimum TAED dosage was 1.5%, reaction time 60min, temperature 60°C for TAED activated hydrogen peroxide bleaching. Finally a comparison was made between PTF and PF two-stage bleaching for DIP. The performance of PTF was better than PF.
CTMP Modification with Plasma Treatment
Authors: Wang Bao Yu , He Bei Hai , Li Jun Rong , Liao Xin Lin
Published: May 2011

This paper studied the plasma’s impacts on spruce CTMP. Spruce CTMP was treated with air, nitrogen and oxygen plasma respectively. Morphology of the CTMP fiber was captured with SEM, and carbon, oxygen and nitrogen content on the CTMP fiber surface were determined with XPS. The results showed that no matter what types of plasma were used, the roughness of the CTMP fiber would increase in the initial stage and recovered to its original roughness level following further treatment. Tensile index of the CTMP increased by 79%, 32% and 54% and the wet strength index increased by 64%, 65% and 22% with air, nitrogen and oxygen plasma treatments respectively. The increase in the tensile index and the wet strength index of the CTMP sheet was originated from the increase in C2, C3 and oxygen. C1 and nitrogen present on fiber surface wasn’t favorable to CTMP sheet strength.
The Impact of Lignin Content on Paper Physical Strength of CTMP
Authors: Lin Ben Ping , He Bei Hai , Zhao Guang Lei
Published: May 2011

The research reported here gives some new insights into the influence of lignin content on paper strength properties. The relative amount of total lignin in CTMP was varied by using multistage ClO2 bleaching method. Few differences were observed in fiber morphology charcteristics of CTMP during ClO2 treatments. Linear correlations greater than 99% were found between total lignin content and paper strength properties. The influences of lignin content on Scott bond and tensile strength were greater than that of tear and burst strength.
Surface Coatings Based on Carbon Paper and its Electromagnetic Shielding Property
Authors: Hu Zhi Jun , Lin Jiang , Yu Jing An
Published: May 2011

Carbon fiber paper was coated with multiple layers coating composed by conductive and magnetic fillers. The electromagnetic shielding and conductive properties of the coating were investigated. The effluencing factors such as the ratio of conductive and magnetic fillers, the composition of magnetic fillers, the contrast of coating method, the structure of shielding layer were assessed according with effectiveness. The results showed the best component for the coating layer was: conductive substrate, conductive coating layer and magnetic coating layer sequently. The compound of magnetic fillers with differenet electromagnetic interaction mechanism would produce a complementary magnetic loss, and display a high absorption in broader frequency band. The shielding effectiveness of multi-layer coated carbon fiber paper at 1.5 GHz was shown up to 45 dB.
Effect of Formation Nonuniformity on the Mechanical Strength of Aramid Paper
Authors: Zhao Hui Fang , Zhang Mei Yun
Published: May 2011

Aramid paper was manufactured using poly (m-phenyleneisophthalamide) (PMIA) fibers and fibrids, and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was used as dispersant to improve the uniformity of fiber distribution. The Paper Perfect Formation Analyzer (PPF) and the BFT-1 type β Formation tester were used to determine the formation of the aramid paper, and the relationship between the formation and the mechanical strength of aramid paper was discussed. Results showed that the tensile strength and tear strength of aramid paper before hot calendering is affected strongly by its grammage standard deviation, but is less affected by its formation nonuniformity as a function of the scale of foramtion, the R2 correlation between tensile strength and grammage standard deviation was 0.63, and the R2 correlation between tear strength and grammage standard deviation was 0.73. However, the nonuniformity of formation in the range of scale of formation 0.8-22.7mm has great influence on the tensile strength of aramid paper after hot calendering, and the R2 correlation between tensile strength and formation nonuniformity in this range of scale of formation was greater than 0.58.
Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics of Laminar Flow in Sinusoidal Corrugated Tube
Authors: Tong Zheng Ming , Zhu Kai , Hu Yong Hai , Ye Li , Lu Jia Lei , Li Chao
Published: May 2011

A new type of corrugated tube based on sine function is proposed by introducing a parameter of sine camber. The heat transfer and flow around sinusoidal corrugated tubes with different sine camber e are investigated in this paper. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to analysis flow state and sine camber of tube influence on the heat transfer and flow, a correlation equations of Nu (Nusselt) =f(Re) is given. At last, the theoretical comparative analysis with field synergy principle is carried out for the heat transfer and flow resistance in smooth tube and sinusoidal corrugated tube. The results show that the experiment basically tallies with the value of numerical calculation of laminar flow. In the range of 500 < Re < 1000, flow resistance coefficient has great decrease extent, while low resistance coefficient has small decrease extent of 1500 < Re < 2300. The effect of field synergy is poor in the smooth tube, which is opposite to that in sinusoidal corrugated tube, and it can improve the efficiency of around 2.7 times.
Effect of Flotation Parameters on Old Book Paper Deinking Efficiency
Authors: Li Rong Gang , Xie Xiao Feng , Zhao Chuan Shan
Published: May 2011

The effect of flotation parameters such as flotation consistency, temperature, flotation time, air to pulp ratio, and turbulence level (velocity of pulp flow) on old book paper deinking efficiency was studied by using a high-consistency laboratory pulper and a laboratory deinking cell. The optimized flotation conditions were: flotation consistency 1.2%, 50°C, 6min, air to pulp ratio 40%, velocity of pulp flow 5.0m/s. By using the optimized flotation conditions, the deinked pulp brightness could reach 77.01%ISO, 9.69%ISO higher than that of the control, the effective residual ink concentration was 175.26 mg/kg, which less than 437.84mg/kg of the control, deinking efficiency was up to 59.97%. After washing process, pulp brightness could reach 84.27%ISO, the effective residual ink concentration was 93.71 mg/kg, deinking efficiency was up to 78.60%.
Study of Energy-Saving Characteristics of Propylene-Propane Mixtures in the Heat Pump Distillation Column
Authors: Tong Zheng Ming , Li Chao , Lu Jia Lei , Zhu Kai
Published: May 2011

The largest proportion of energy consuming is the operations of separation in chemical industry, and the energy consumption of the distillation is the highest in separation. Therefore, it is very important to research energy-saving issues of the process of distillation in today's circumstances of the energy shortage. This article describes the model of the heat pump distillation column,and its characteristics, uses static simulation programs to simulate operating conditions in the same pressure for the propylene-propane material system, and studys effects of the different feed states on the energy-saving of heat pump distillation column. The results will be compared with the conventional distillation column, and it was showed that for propylene-propane system, the heat pump distillation column is more remarkable than the conventional distillation column in energy savings, and its energy saving rate can reach 56%.
Effect of Carboxylated Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Latex Amount on the Viscoelastic Behavior of Paper Coating Modified with Nanosized Particles
Authors: Tang Yan Jun , Li You Ming , Xue Guo Xin , Zhao Yu , Zhang Xiu Mei , Zhang Yong
Published: May 2011

The focus of this study is to investigate the effect of carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) latex on the dynamic rheologcial properties of paper coating suspensions modified with nanosized particles. The elastic storage modulus G′ and the viscid loss modulus G′′ are used to evaluate the dynamic rheologcial properties of paper coating suspensions. The effects of different amount carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber latex on the flow parameters of paper coating suspensions are comparatively presented. It is shown that the dynamic elastic storage modulus G′ and viscid loss modules G′′ of paper coating suspensions increase with the SBR content change from 13% to 18%. The dynamic rheologcial properties are related to the strength of the network structure of paper coating suspensions. It is also found that the elastic storage modulus G′ of paper coating suspensions is larger than viscid loss modulus G′′, which indicates that paper coating suspensions in this investigation all behave like a viscoelastic solid.
Enhancement of AOCC Pulp by Laccase Treatment
Authors: Sun Bing , Liu Yu Xin , Shi Shu Lan
Published: May 2011

The Americal Old Corrugated Containers (AOCC) was treated with laccase. Fiber morphology, molecular weight and distribution of lignin were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Through the model compound of lignin (ferulic acid) was treated by laccase, the correlative mechanism for improvement of the wet-strength of pulp by laccase was discussed. The results showed that the molecular weight of lignin decreased and the lignin adhered on the fiber surface after the pulp was treated by laccase. While the laccase treated pulp with heating treatment, the condensation degree of lignin and adhesion area on fiber increased. In addition, when the ferulic acid was treated by laccase, the results were similar to AOCC pulp.
Selective Catalytic Conversion of Glucose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural over Zr(H2PO4)2 Solid Acid Catalysts
Authors: Zhuang Jun Ping , Lin Lu , Pang Chun Sheng , Liu Ying
Published: May 2011

5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a kind of new green platform chemical with wide application. Glucose, which is the unit compound of cellulose, is one of the most important starting chemicals from biomass. With its low cost and wide supply, the conversion of glucose to HMF has attracted the interests of researchers. In this work, a systematic study has been conducted to evaluate the catalytic performance in the conversion of glucose to 5-HMF using Zr(H2PO4)2 solid acid catalyst in isobutanol-water (1.6:1/V:V) two-phase system. An optimized 5-hydroxymethylfurfural yield of 42.32% was obtained within 1.5 h at 180 °C over Zr(H2PO4)2 with ratio of 1:1 and the glucose conversion was 94.83%. The catalyst stabilities was studied and results showed that Zr(H2PO4)2 had higher stabilities.
OMG Neutral Deinking Technical Conditions and Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Xiao Lin , Wang Ru Min
Published: May 2011

Single factor experiment was used to investigate neutral deinking technology of old magazine paper (OMG) by self-compounded NTM-2 deinking agent. Olympus inverted biological microscope were used to research distribution state of ink particles in the secondary pulp before and after deinking treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze fiber surface changing during neutral deinking and ink particles dispersing behaviors in the paper. The results showed that NTM-2 deinking agent had a good deinking effect to OMG, optimum operation conditions of neutral deinking was NTM-2 0.5%, deinking temperature 50°C, deinking time 40min, repulper time 25s, pulp consistence 1.0%, and floatation time 6 min. Under these conditions, brightness of the deinked pulp increased 8.4%SBD, and the ink removal efficiency reached by 90%. Olympus inverted biological microscope images showed that there were a large number of ink particles in the un-treated pulp, and these ink particles integrated with fibers tightly. After treated by neutral deinking, most of ink particles were separated from the fiber, dispersed and suspended in the pulp evenly. SEM images indicated that there were little ink particles in the secondary paper, the fiber surface turned more smoother, and the clean degree would nearly corresponding to the effect of alkaline deinking.
The Effect of Printing Conditions on Wet Picking and Wet Resistance on the Surface of Offset Paper
Authors: Yang Yong Gang , Gao Qiao Zhuo , Liu Fu Ping
Published: May 2011

The wet picking and wet resistance of offset papers were studied usingIGT-gst2printability tester according to change printing conditions as printing speed and the amount of fountain solutions. It was showed that the phenomena of wet picking and wet resistance occurred in turn on the surface of offset papers with increased printing speed and the amount of fountain solution. In addition, in contrast with fountain solutions, printing speed had greater influence on the phenomena of wet picking and wet resistance of offset papers.
The Research on Rosin Esterified with Glycerine Used as Neutral Sizing Agent
Authors: Xing Qian Qian , Zhao Chuan Shan
Published: May 2011

Rosin as a natural renewable resource has become an important research topic. The esterifiable rosin used to do the cation neutral sizing agent has the advantages of low dosage, good effect, and low demand for equipment. In this paper, the rosin esterification reaction temperature, reaction time had been made a detailed discussion. When the reaction temperature is 230°C, the reaction time is 6h, the dosage of ZnO (as the catalyst) is 0.2% (relative to the rosin), the acid value of rosin is the lowest, and the esterification has the most complete response. The emulsified rosin glyceride as the sizing was used in papermaking. The results showed that the sizing degree of paper was the highest when the dosage of sizing and Al2 (SO4)3 were both 1.5 %( relative to the dry pulp).
Hydrolysis Kinetics of Wheat Straw in Saturated Formic Acid / 4% Hydrochloric Acid Solution
Authors: Zhuang Jun Ping , Lin Lu , Pang Chun Sheng , Liu Ying
Published: May 2011

Lignocellulosic materials are regarded as an alternative energy source for bioethanol production to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. Pretreatment is an essential step in the enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass and subsequent production of bioethanol. Adding formic acid with catalyst dosage (4%) in saturated formic acid will be good for cellulose degradation and glucose production; when the cellulose hydrolyses to glucose, the glucose degrades simultaneously. Kinetic models can have practical applications for the optimization of the process and performance analysis, or economic estimations, so investigate the wheat straw hydrolysis kinetics is necessary. In this paper, effects of temperature and time on wheat straw hydrolysis in saturated formic acid with 4% hydrochloric acid solution reaction kinetics have been investigated. The results showed that the hydrolysis velocities of wheat straw were 0.0190 h−1at 60 °C, 0.0325 h−1at 65 °C, 0.0683 h−1at 70 °C and 0.0931 at 75 °C. The degradation velocities of glucose were 0.0285 h−1at 55 °C, 0.0448 h−1at 65 °C, 0.1098 h−1at 70°C and 0.1436 h−1at 75 °C. The activation energy of wheat straw hydrolysis was 106.35kJ/mol, and the activation energy of glucose degradation was 111.00kJ/mol.
Synthesis and Application of Glyoxalted Polyacrylamide Paper Strengthening Agent
Authors: Yuan Zhao Yang , Hu Hui Ren , Wen Yang Bing
Published: May 2011

The glyoxalted polyacrylamide(GPAM) resins were obtained by cross-linking reaction between glyoxal and cationic polyacrylamide(CPAM) through aqueous solution copolymerization. The based CPAM was synthesized with acrylamide(AM) and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(DADMAC) as raw materials by living free radical solution polymerization. Various synthesis conditions were discussed and the optimum conditions for copolymer’s synthesis were as follows: the amount of DADMAC 20%(wt), the charge of the initiator 0.5%(wt), the dosage of chain transfer agent(2-mercaptoethanol) 1.0%(wt), and the charge of crosslinking monomer 9.0%, the dosage of glyoxal 25%(wt), the pH value of the tertiary reaction 7.5-8.0 and the tertiary temperature about 65°C. The structure of the resulting product was characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR. Then the GPAM resins were used in the process of paper-making as wet-end additive, the results showed that the paper sheets can get a significant increase in strength properties from the added novel product.
Target Kappa Number for AS/AQ Pulping of Wheat Straw
Authors: Liu Jing , Nagata Katsuya
Published: May 2011

Alkaline sulfite/anthraquinone (AS/AQ) pulping of wheat straw under different conditions was conducted in this study. A transition point of kappa number at approximately 6.5 was observed based on all experimental results. This transition point can be regarded as the phase transfer point in AS/AQ pulping from bulk to residual delignification. Effective delignification without great lost of pulp yield can be achieved before kappa number was below this transition point during AS/AQ pulping of wheat straw. It is found that the ratio of cooking liquid to solid should not be lower than 6, if good mass transfer of chemicals and lignin dissolving is needed. As the ratio of Na2SO3 to NaOH dosage ranged from 0.4 to 2.4, low proportion of Na2SO3 allows effective delignification while no serious degradation of carbohydrate. Moreover, similar to kraft pulping, addition of AQ in the range of 0.05% to 0.25% is useful to remove lignin and protect the carbohydrate during AS/AQ pulping. Finally, although the transition point of kappa number may be changed while different raw material used for same pulping process or different pulping process for same raw materials, it is of interest and important for mill practice.
Comparison of KP Pulping Properties between Heartwood and Sapwood of Popla I-69
Authors: Gao Hui , Zhang Li Ping , Liu Sheng Quan
Published: May 2011

The case was carried out to study the variance of fiber feature, chemical composition and pulping property between heartwood and sapwood of poplar I-69. As results showed, the mean fiber length in heartwood and sapwood of poplar I-69 were 770 and 1146µm separately, with the length-to-width ratio of 42.56 vs 51.76, and the wall-to-lumen ratio of 0.40 vs 0.59, respectively. The heartwood of poplar I-69 differed from sapwood in contents of chemical compositions, with holocellulose of 82.65% vs 81.35%, α- cellulose of 42.83% vs 42.82% and lignin of 18.01% vs 21.68%, respectively. Both the heartwood and sapwood of poplar I-69were suitable for pulping material. By investigating pulp yield and Kappa number, it was proven that the caustic soda dosage and the duration of reaction temperature were major factors influencing KP pulping properties of poplar I-69 sapwood. Under the same technical conditions of pulping, the pulp of the poplar I-69 sapwood was lower in Kappa number and higher in yield and in viscosity compared with those of heartwood. The tensile index, tear index and burst index of paper made by sapwood were higher than those made by heartwood. The sapwood of poplar I-69 showed overall better pulping aptitude in comparison with heartwood.
Effect of PPTA Fiber Morphology on the Performance of Paper-Based Functional Materials
Authors: Zhang Mei Yun , Huang Rui , Lu Zhao Qing , Yang Bin , Li Tao
Published: May 2011

The beating characteristic of PPTA fiber and its influence on the performance of paper-based functional materials based on PPTA fiber and resin has been investigated in this study. The results show that the morphology of PPTA-pulp had significant influences on the mechanical and electrical properties of the composites. The sample contained with PPTA fiber of 35 °SR showed the increase in tensile strength, tearing strength and dielectric strength by 147.7%, 119.3% and 69.9% as compared with the untreated PPTA fiber.
Preparation and Characterization of Styrene Acrylate Emulsion(SAE) Surface Sizing Agent with Rosin as Functional Monomer
Authors: Xu Jian Feng , Hu Hui Ren , Cui Hui
Published: May 2011

A series of core-shell type cationic soap-free latex were prepared by using styrene(St), butyl acrylate(BA) and methyl methacrylate(MMA) as main materials and introducing rosin as the functional monomer. In this reaction, starch(CS-8), which has low relative viscosity , was used as the emulsifier and dispersant. The influencing factors of the reaction were especially studied and the optimum conditions were got. Then the products were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), FT-IR, laser particle sizer, particle charge detector(PCD). The results show that the excellent performance and good sizing effects of SAE are achieved when the reaction conditions are as follows: the starch amount is 8%(wt), the charge for the initiator(APS) is 0.5%, and the amount of rosin is 2%(wt). And the water-resistant performance of paper is improved significantly when the rosin is chosen as the functional monomer.
Multi-ANN Predictive Control of Citrus Peel Supercritical Extraction Temperature
Authors: Zhou Hong Yu , Zhao Qian , Zhang Zhen Hua , Tong Ming Wei , Wang Zheng Hai
Published: May 2011

Considering nonlinearity, time-variation and inertia during temperature control of large supercritical extraction units, especially under the disturbance of system flow and pressure, a multi-artificial neural network (ANN) predictive control policy was proposed. It contains a radial basis function (RBF) ANN, aiming to approach nonlinear extraction temperature object and predicting output variable based on this model. There is also a back propagation (BP) ANN controller, seeking the optimal controlling signal by feedback correction and rolling optimization on purpose to overcome the time-variation and inertia. The experimental results indicate that this control strategy has excellent dynamic response performance, small steady state error and strong robustness.
A Simple Method to Synthese PNIPAM Hydrogel with Improved Response Rate by Conventional Radical Crosslinking Polymerization
Authors: Liu Qun Feng , Yuan Bo , Chen Xiao Feng
Published: May 2011

A kind of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) gel was synthesized by radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide monomer in the present of crosslinker N,N-Methylenebisacylamide using short reaction time. This kind of PNIPAM gel exhibits higher swelling ratio at low temperature and much faster deswelling rate than conventional gel, which could be attributed to the presence of loops, dangling chains and other incomplete structure in the gel caused by short reaction time.
Porous SiO2/SiC Fiber Via Carbothermal-Reduction of Hybrid Fiber in Air Flows
Authors: Song Qiu Sheng , Zhang Kai , Xu Shun , Zhong Zhen Biao , Li Meng
Published: May 2011

Using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and novolac-PF as raw materials, SiO2/PF hybrid fibers were prepared via sol-gel associated with drawing process, and then sintered at different temperatures (500-1300 °C) under air atmosphere. The microstructure variation and reaction mechanism of the fiber were investigated by FT-IR, XRD, and SEM measurements. The results showed that the microstructure variation of the hybrid fiber was influenced greatly by sintering temperatures. When the sintering temperature was below 900 °C, the fibers were amorphous, and converted into porous SiO2/SiC fibers after being sintered at 1300 °C.
Simulation and Optimization on Silicon Carbide Synthesis Furnace Power Curve
Authors: Li Yong Gang , Hu Yang Dong , Sun Qin He , Wu Lian Ying
Published: May 2011

Based on the analysis of production process in three phases and finite element analysis of silicon carbide (SiC) furnace temperature field, 2D thermal-seepage coupled finite element model was built to know production practical situation by temperature distribution and pressure distribution. The relation of SiC furnace inside pressure and power was obtained by pressure distribution as well. Then this paper built power curve optimization model that minimizing product energy consumption is objective function with extreme pressure of spouting as one constraint condition, and simplified optimal algorithm plan was proposed based on three production phases. To verify the optimization results, the powers of before optimization and after optimization were employed on the basis of actual industrial furnace data. Results show that energy consumption decreases about 5% and the SiC output increases about 10%. Besides, production period is nearly unchanged after optimization. All stated illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
3D Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Tube with Spiral-Flange Insert
Authors: Li Qun Song , Yang Qian , Li Zhi Song , Yu Tian Lan
Published: May 2011

With the help of Fluent 6.2 and supporting software, 3D numerical simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer enhancement of plastic spiral tubes were performed on computer, and the velocity, turbulence intensity and improvement of convective heat transfer coefficient distribution in plastic spiral tubes were analyzed and compared with those in smooth tubes, and characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer were obtained. The results showed that there were obvious axial, tangential and radial velocities in spiral space, and they were bigger than those in smooth tubes. The turbulence intensity was also increased greatly because of the existence of spiral channels. The dirt production was prevented and the tube's convection heat transfer was effectively strengthened. Its surface average heat transfer coefficient had been enhanced by about 20% compared with the smooth tubes; The pressure drop caused by plastic spiral flange was in the permissible range of engineering application. It was suitable for the heat exchanger at a flow velocity lower than 0.8m/s.
Effects of Micro-Emulsion Fuels on the Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine
Authors: Wang Jia Quan , Sun Ping , Chen Zhen , Mei De Qing
Published: May 2011

The micro-emulsion fuels were prepared with complex surfactant, and the effects of temperature on the stability of these fuels were investigated. The engine performance and the emissions were studied when the engine was fueled with diesel and micro-emulsion diesel respectively. Results showed that when the engine was fueled with micro-emulsion diesel, the NOXand smoke emissions were decreased obviously and HC and CO emissions were increased slightly. Discounting of surfactant and water, the specific fuel consumption of micro-emulsion diesel was lower than those of diesel under any load at the speed of 2900r/min.
Unsteady Behavior of Real Gas in Wave Rotor Refrigerators
Authors: Dai Yu Qiang , Zou Jiu Peng , Wu Jin Tao , Zhu Che , Liu Pei Qi , Zhang Li Ming , Hu Da Peng
Published: May 2011

Real gas effect has great impact on unsteady flow behaviors in wave rotor refrigerator (WRR). In this work, the main thermal separation effect and propagation speed of gasdynamic wave of real gases are briefly studied. Numerical results have shown the large deviations between perfect gas model and real gas model for gasdynamic waves. A corrected wave diagram of WRR has been achieved based on real gas PVT relations, through which the problem of offset design of port timing can be completely solved.
Mechanical Properties of SiC/FexSiy Composites
Authors: Zhang Xiao Meng , Ye Shu Feng , Xu Li Hua , Qian Peng , Wei Lian Qi , Chen Yun Fa
Published: May 2011

The SiC/FexSiycomposites were synthesized by reaction sintering process with iron tailings as raw material and carbon as reductant. The room and high temperature flexural strengths and fracture toughness of composites were studied in this paper. Fracture surfaces were observed by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the room temperature flexural strength of SiC/FexSiycomposites changed along with the different contents of FexSiyand sintering temperature. The flexural strength of composites reaches the maximum at 900°C. The correlation between flexural strength and temperature is consistent with curveⅠ.The fracture toughness of composites is related to the content of FexSiy. The fracture behavior of composites is mainly transcrystalline in room temperature and intercrystalline in high temperature.
Hydrodynamics Simulation of Gas-Solid Flow Field in Conveying Vessel
Authors: Cui Yue , Gao Hong , Sun Jin Sheng , Chen Xu
Published: May 2011

Flow field of gas and particles in a conveying vessel is investigated by use of a three-dimensional model combined Eulerian approach. Because of the nozzles’ arrangement in this study, the flow patterns of spouts and bubbles can be seen in the gas-solid flow field, which lead to a non-uniform distribution of gas velocity. Solid volume fraction is high near the bottom and low at the top part. The porosity rises with gas speed increasing, as well as time. An improvement is examined to remove the dead zone at the bottom, which results in particles remaining.
A Novel Formaldehyde-Free Adhesive from Jatropha Curcas Press-cake
Authors: Zhang Shi Feng , Liu Xiao Ying , Zhang Ji Zhi , Li Jian Zhang
Published: May 2011

Jatropha curcas (Jc) was the most favored biomass plant for bio-diesel production. Jc cakes obtained after oil pressed, rich in protein content, were excellent materials for preparing formaldehyde-free wood adhesives, which could provide alternative to formaldehyde-based resins. Sodium hydroxide, used as denaturing agent, modified protein contained in Jc cakes to prepare wood adhesives. Jc adhesives prepared in different pH value and plywood bonded by them were prepared. The curing behavior of these adhesives was conducted by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement. The gel content and water absorption of the cured Jc adhesives were measured to evaluate their curing content and the water resistant of plywood bonded with these adhesives was also studied. The results showed that pH value influenced the bonding strength of adhesive significantly. The bonding strength of plywood made by modified Jc adhesive significantly increased comparing with that of unmodified one. The curing peak temperature decreased obviously after modified, which was beneficial to achieve complete curing reaction. Modified Jc adhesives provided a potential way to utilize by-product of energy plant, avoided formaldehyde pollution, and reduced dependence on fossil resources.
Study on Rheological Behaviors of Ultrafine CaCO3 Aqueous Suspensions Modified with Acrylate Macromolecular Modifiers
Authors: Zhang Ou Sheng , Zhang Chao Can , Wu Li Li , Sun Wen Bing , Hu Liang
Published: May 2011

By varying the feed ratios of comonomers, butyl acrylate (BA), acrylic acid (AA), and methyl methacrylate (MMA), four acrylate macromolecular modifiers (AC730, AC532, AC235, and AC037) were synthesized by free radical copolymeration in ethnol. The effect of these modifiers on rheological behaviors of ultrafine CaCO3 aqueous suspensions was investigated on the basis of a series of rheological measurements. The results showed that comonomer compositions and amounts of modifiers have obvious effect on rheological behaviors of CaCO3 aqueous suspensions. In the case of AC730 and 0.2-0.4 parts of AC532, suspensions were pseudoplastic fluids, exhibiting shear thinning behavior; while in the case of AC235, AC037 and 0.6-1.4 parts of AC532, suspensions were dilatant fluids, exhibiting shear thickening behavior. Except the suspensions modified by 1.2 and 1.4 parts of AC730, the rheological data of other suspending systems could be well correlated with Herschel-Bulkley model. Optimum amounts of different modifiers were determined on the basis of rheological analysis, 0.8 parts for AC730, 0.6 parts for AC532 or AC235, and 0.4 parts for AC037.
Clay Materials Extrusion Process Resulting Field Simulation and Analysis
Authors: Zhang Bai Qing , Zhao Xian Qiang , He Jia Bo , Tang Guo Xing
Published: May 2011

Numerical simulation by CFD to analyze the mechanism of mud out of mud extrusion process of the velocity field in the simulation, the influence of the quality of the clay mud section the nature of materials were studied. Moisture content through the mud in two different relative speed and absolute speed of analysis, the mud at different water content in the de-airing pug spiral reamer change the speed of flow field.
The Structural Design of Nozzle in Outer Mixing Mode for Preparing Superfine Particles by SCF Technology
Authors: Liu Yan , Qu Yan Peng , Wang Wei Qiang
Published: May 2011

Based on the creative design of nozzle structure, the application fields of the micro-particles production using supercritical fluids (SCF) can be further broaden. According to the analysis of the structural characteristics of the nozzles, a new kind of nozzle with a tunable annular gap is proposed in this research, which includes a cover, movable trays, unmovable trays, seal fittings and connecting components. By virtue of FLUENT software, the flow field of the nozzle in outer mixing mode with two passages is numerically simulated. The effects of the passing length of SCF before mixing and the height of conic convexity on the flow-field are analyzed. The simulation results show that the above length does adverse effect on enhancing mixing extent, however, the smaller height of convexity can help achieve better mixing level. Then the nozzle is redesigned in which a movable tray and an unmovable tray are removed. The improved nozzle has simple and reasonable structure and can do better work on improving gas-liquid mixing extent.