bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphophonological activation in Chinese word recognition
Authors: Tsang Yiu-Kei
Published: March 2022

The role of morphophonology during Chinese visual word recognition was investigated in three masked priming lexical decision experiments. The primes and targets were Cantonese Chinese bimorphemic words. In Chinese, most characters correspond to morphemes, but sometimes the mapping between character and morpheme is not one-to-one. Specifically, some characters are heteronymic, which had one visual form associated with multiple pronunciations and meanings (e.g., “長” is pronounced as /coeng4/ and /zoeng2/ in Cantonese, which means “long” and “senior”, respectively). In Experiment 1, facilitative priming was found when the primes and targets shared heteronymic characters of identical (e.g., “長遠-long term” /coeng4jyun5/ and “長短-length” /coeng4dyun2/), but not a different, pronunciation (e.g., “長官-senior official” /zoeng2gun1/). Sharing word-level phonology only (e.g., “場景-scene” /coeng4ging2/) had no effects. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1, and further indicated that the effects could not be attributed to sharing word-level meanings (e.g., “即時-immediate” /zik1si4/). Experiment 3 compared the priming effects produced by the two alternative pronunciations of the heteronymic characters. The results showed that the strength of priming was statistically comparable in the two pronunciation-congruent conditions. Together, this study provided evidence that morphophonology was activated to facilitate the ambiguity resolution of heteronymic characters. The lemma model was modified to accommodate the results.
Stability and passivation of 2D group VA elemental materials: black phosphorus and beyond
Authors: Ling Zhaoheng , Li Peng , Zhang Su-Yun , Arif Nayab , Zeng Yu-Jia
Published: March 2022

Since the successful isolation of graphene in 2004, two-dimensional (2D) materials have become one of the focuses in material science owing to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties. In particular, 2D group VA elemental materials exhibit fascinating thickness-dependent band structures. Unfortunately, the well-known instability issue hinders their fundamental researches and practical applications. In this review, we first discuss the degradation mechanism of black phosphorus (BP), a most studied group VA material. Next, we summarize the methods to enhance BP stability with the focus of multifunctional passivation. Finally, we briefly discuss the protection strategies of other emerging group VA materials in recent years. This review provides insight for the degradation mechanism and protecting strategy for 2D group VA elements materials, which will promote their potential applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and biomedicine.
A machine learning approach to determine bubble sizes in foam at a transparent wall
Authors: Knüpfer Leon , Heitkam Sascha
Published: March 2022

This article describes the use of a machine learning based technique to measure the bubble sizes of foam with polyhedral bubble shape in contact with a transparent wall. For two different experimental cases images are obtained of foam in a cylindrical column and labeled with a classical image processing algorithm. An available neural network based model, initially designed for cell image applications, is trained and validated to segment the images. When comparing the bubble size distribution in images found using the trained model with manually segmented images a good agreement over a large range of diameters can be found. The error of the mean diameter in both cases lies below

10
%

, mostly attributed to the failed recognition of tiny round bubbles in dry foam. The trained model is provided for further usage.
Synthesis of hydrophilic carbon nanotube sponge via post-growth thermal treatment
Authors: Camilli Luca , Capista Daniele , Eramo Piergiorgio , D’Archivio Angelo Antonio , Maggi Maria Anna , Lazzarini Andrea , Crucianelli Marcello , Passacantando Maurizio
Published: March 2022

Clean water is vital for healthy ecosystems, for human life and, in a broader sense, it is directly linked to our socio-economic development. Nevertheless, climate change, pollution and increasing world population will likely make clean water scarcer in the near future. Consequently, it becomes imperative to develop novel materials and more efficient ways of treating waste and contaminated water. Carbon nanotube (CNT) sponges, for example, are excellent in removing oleophilic contaminants; however, due to their super-hydrophobic nature, they are not as efficient when it comes to absorbing water-soluble substances. Here, by means of a scalable method consisting of simply treating CNT sponges at mild temperatures in air, we attach oxygen-containing functional groups to the CNT surface. The functionalized sponge becomes hydrophilic while preserving its micro- and macro-structure and can therefore be used to successfully remove toxic contaminants, such as pesticides, that are dissolved in water. This discovery expands the current range of applications of CNT sponges to those fields in which a hydrophilic character of the sponge is more suitable.
Tetrahedral W4 cluster confined in graphene-like C2N enables electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction from theoretical perspective
Authors: Zhang Jin , Fang Cong , Li Yang , An Wei
Published: March 2022

Exploring the format of active site is essential to further the understanding of an electrocatalyst working under ambient conditions. Herein, we present a DFT study of electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction (eNRR) on W4 tetrahedron embedded in graphene-like C2N (denoted as W4@C2N). Our results demonstrate that N-affinity of active sites on W4 dominate over single-atom site, rendering *NH2 + (H+ + e−) →*NH3 invariably the potential-determining step (PDS) of eNRR via consecutive or distal route (U
L = −0.68 V) to ammonia formation. However, *NHNH2 + (H+ + e−) →*NH2NH2 has become the PDS (U
L = −0.54 V) via enzymatic route towards NH2NH2 formation and thereafter desorption, making W4@C2N a potentially promising catalyst for hydrazine production from eNRR. Furthermore, eNRR is competitive with hydrogen evolution reaction (U
L = −0.78 V) on W4@C2N, which demonstrated sufficient thermal stability and electric property for electrode application.
TiO2(B) nanosheets modified Li4Ti5O12 microsphere anode for high-rate lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Lu Suyang , Shang Yunfan , Zheng Wei , Huang Yushuo , Wang Rui , Zeng Wenwen , Zhan Haoran , Yang Ye , Mei Jun
Published: March 2022

With the increasing applications of Lithium-ion batteries in heavy equipment and engineering machinery, the requirements of rate capability are continuously growing. The high-rate performance of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) needs to be further improved. In this paper, we synthesized LTO microsphere-TiO2(B) nanosheets (LTO-TOB) composite by using a solvothermal method and subsequent calcination. LTO-TOB composite combines the merits of TiO2(B) and LTO, resulting in excellent high-rate capability (144.8, 139.3 and 124.4 mAh g−1 at 20 C, 30 C and 50 C) and superior cycling stability (98.9% capability retention after 500 cycles at 5 C). Its excellent electrochemical properties root in the large surface area, high grain-boundary density and pseudocapacitive effect of LTO-TOB. This work reveals that LTO-TOB composite can be a potential anode for high power and energy density lithium-ion batteries.
Understanding the electromagnetic topology during the ohmic breakdown in tokamaks considering self-generated electric fields
Authors: Yoo Min-Gu , Na Yong-Su
Published: March 2022

The physical mechanisms of the ohmic breakdown in a tokamak have been understood based on the classical Townsend avalanche theory. However, a new systematic theory (Yoo et al 2018 Nat. Commun.
9 3523) recently demonstrated that electron avalanches during the ohmic breakdown are completely different from the Townsend avalanche due to strong self-generated electric fields. In this study, we elucidate the multi-dimensional effects of the self-generated electric field on plasma dynamics during the ohmic breakdown. We also propose a novel electromagnetic topology analysis method that can easily predict the overall plasma behavior and where the main plasma is generated. The topology analysis method is validated by a state-of-art particle simulation for various magnetic configurations. New physical insights into the complex electromagnetic topology would facilitate designing more reliable and optimized ohmic breakdown scenarios in future tokamaks, such as ITER and beyond.
An ultra-thin flexible conformal four-band metamaterial absorber applied in S-/C-/X-band
Authors: Luo Zhiyou , Ji Shijun , Zhao Ji , Liu Zhenze , Dai Handa
Published: March 2022

In recent years, many kinds of multiband metamaterial absorbers (MMAs) have sprung up. However, most of their dielectric layers were filled with rigid dielectric materials, which has many limitations in practical application. In this paper, an ultra-thin flexible conformal four-band metamaterial absorber (FMMA) is presented based on the dielectric material of polyimide (PI), and its thickness is only 0.0047 of the wavelength at the lowest absorption frequency. The top resonator is adopted a hollow structure, which is different from the common strip and ring structure, providing a novel idea for multiband absorber design. The proposed FMMA achieved four absorption peaks with an absorptivity higher than 90% from S-band to X-band. Meanwhile, in both TE and TM modes, it is insensitive to polarized waves and maintains good absorption under a wide incident angle. The experiment is carried out to demonstrate that the FMMA has satisfactory absorption performance. Due to its flexible conformal characteristic and good absorption performance, the FMMA can be applied in electromagnetic shielding of a curved surface, meteorological satellite, and radar detection.
On the role of Zn doping on tuning the electronic and optical properties of MnCr2O4 spinel via Mn0.5Zn0.5Cr2O4 doping scheme: A first-principles quantum computational analysis
Authors: Nadeem Asif , Bashir Azmat Iqbal , Azam Sikander , Rahman Amin Ur , Iqbal Muhammad Azhar
Published: March 2022

Herein, we report on the impact of Zn doping on electronic and optical properties of manganese di-chromium oxide spinel MnCr2O4 via Mn0.5Zn0.5Cr2O4 doping scheme. For the quantum computational analysis on the targeted properties, we employed first-principles density functional theory approach within full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method by Modified Becke–Johnson potential. The calculated partial and total density of states revealed a strong hybridization among electronic orbitals of the constituent species while the asymmetric spin-polarized profiles of density of states showed magnetic nature of the spinels. The major interspecies spin interaction in the degenerate valence band is via (Mn

↑

+ Cr

↑

+ O

↑

) from −7 eV to Fermi level for spin up polarization. Interestingly, we predict a reduction in band gap of MnCr2O4 to order 1eV subjected to the Zn doping, which considerably modified the electronic and optical properties of the doped spinels Mn0.5Zn0.5Cr2O4 in contrast to its undoped counterpart. In particular, we predict an enhancement in absorption coefficient, energy loss function, reflectivity, dielectric constant and refractive index for Mn0.5Zn0.5Cr2O4 spinels at some regions of ultraviolet energy spectrum. The calculated static refractive index of MnCr2O4 is 1.59 and for Mn0.5Zn0.5Cr2O4 it is 1.4. The optoelectronic properties indicate the promising prospects of the Zn-doped spinels for potential application in optoelectronic devices.
Magnetic correction to the anomalous magnetic moment of electrons
Authors: Lin Fan , Huang Mei
Published: March 2022

We investigate the leading order correction of anomalous magnetic moment (AMM) to electrons in a weak magnetic field and find that the magnetic correction is negative and magnetic field dependent, indicating a magnetic catalysis effect for the electron gas. In the laboratory, to measure the g − 2, the magnitude of the magnetic field B is several T, and correspondingly the magnetic correction to the AMM of electron/muon is around 10−34/10−42, therefore the magnetic correction can be safely neglected in the current measurement. However, when the magnitude of the magnetic field strength is comparable with the electron mass, the magnetic correction of the electron’s AMM will become considerable. This general magnetic correction to the charged fermion’s AMM can be extended to study quantum chromodynamic matter under a strong magnetic field.
Accurate Data Match and Call Method for the Thermal Compensation Database of the Reflector Antenna
Authors: Yan Yuefei , Xue Song , Hu Xinlan , Lian Peiyuan , Wang Yan , Li Lin , Xu Qian , Wang Na , Zhao Wulin , Zheng Yuanpeng , Wang Congsi
Published: March 2022

The influence of thermal deformation on the performance of reflector antennas has become increasingly significant with the increasing aperture and working frequency. The use of a thermal compensation database is an efficient method to compensate for the deformation caused by the non-uniform temperature distribution. However, how to efficiently and accurately match and call the database remains as one of the tough challenges for the antenna thermal compensation system to achieve real time compensation. Therefore, this study proposes a data match and call method for the thermal compensation database of the reflector antenna, matching the database from three aspects: the overall rms match of temperature data, the similarity area match of each data sample, and the key area match of key structural positions. The validation of this method is demonstrated in an example. The difference between the pointing adjustment amount calculated by the matched data and the collected data was found to be less than 1″, which satisfied the requirements of practical engineering, thus achieving real-time thermal compensation of the antenna.
Self-organized rod undulations on pre-stretched textiles
Authors: Guiducci Lorenzo , Kycia Agata , Sauer Christiane , Fratzl Peter
Published: March 2022

Textile technology is a traditional approach to additive manufacturing based on one-dimensional yarn. Printing solid rods onto pre-stretched textiles creates internal stresses upon relaxation of the pre-stretch, which leads to buckling-induced out-of-plane deformation of the textile. Similar behaviours are well known to occur also in biological systems where differential growth leads to internal stresses that are responsible for the folding or wrinkling of leaves, for example. Our goal was to get a quantitative understanding of this wrinkling by a systematic experimental and numerical investigation of parallel rods printed onto a pre-stretched textile. We vary rod thickness and spacing to obtain wavelength and phase coherence of the wrinkles as a function of these parameters. We also derive a simple analytical description to rationalize these observations. The result is a simple analytical estimate for the phase diagram of behaviours that may be used for design purposes or to describe wrinkling phenomena in biological or bioinspired systems.
Maize nutrient yield response and requirement in the maize belt of Nigeria
Authors: Aliyu K T , Kamara A Y , Huising E J , Jibrin J M , Shehu B M , Rurinda J , Adam A M , Mohammed I B , Vanlauwe B
Published: March 2022

Absence of site-specific nutrient recommendation and high spatial variability of soil fertility are major factors affecting maize response to applied nutrients in Nigeria. In this study, we assessed maize response to applied nutrients and nutrient use efficiency in different management zones (MZs), for designing site-specific nutrient management recommendations for maize in the maize belt of Nigeria. The maize belt in Nigeria was earlier delineated into four MZsMZs (MZ1 to MZ4) based on soil properties. In the current study, data from two different trials, nutrient omission trials (N = 293) and fertilizer response trial (N = 705), conducted in the years 2015–2017, were extracted for MZ1 to MZ3; to analyze maize yield responses to application of N, P and K, and secondary and micro-nutrients. Maize yield response to K application was only positive in MZ1. Responses to N and P application were positive for all MZs. However, the magnitude of maize response to P varied between the MZs, indicating a differentiation in the degree to which P is limiting maize production in the study area. Average nitrogen requirement was higher for MZ3 (138 kg ha−1), than for MZ2 and MZ1 (121 and 83 kg ha−1, respectively). Average P requirement was higher for MZ3 (45 kg ha−1) than for the other zones. Potassium requirement was 26% and 28% higher in MZ2 and MZ3 compared with MZ1 (∼15 kg ha−1). The use of the specific nutrient rates for the MZs may reduce risks and uncertainties in crop production. The delineated MZs of the maize belt of Nigeria that incorporates spatial variability in soil fertility conditions are useful for nutrient management for larger areas.
Amplified wintertime Barents Sea warming linked to intensified Barents oscillation
Authors: Cai Ziyi , You Qinglong , Chen Hans W , Zhang Ruonan , Chen Deliang , Chen Jinlei , Kang Shichang , Cohen Judah
Published: March 2022

In recent decades, the Barents Sea has warmed more than twice as fast as the rest of the Arctic in winter, but the exact causes behind this amplified warming remain unclear. In this study, we quantify the wintertime Barents Sea warming (BSW, for near-surface air temperature) with an average linear trend of 1.74 °C decade−1 and an interdecadal change around 2003 based on a surface energy budget analysis using the ERA5 reanalysis dataset from 1979–2019. Our analysis suggests that the interdecadal change in the wintertime near-surface air temperature is dominated by enhanced clear-sky downward longwave radiation (CDLW) associated with increased total column water vapor. Furthermore, it is found that a mode of atmospheric variability over the North Atlantic region known as the Barents oscillation (BO) strongly contributed to the BSW with a stepwise jump in 2003. Since 2003, the BO turned into a strengthened and positive phase, characteristic of anomalous high pressure over the North Atlantic and South of the Barents Sea, which promoted two branches of heat and moisture transport from southern Greenland along the Norwegian Sea and from the Eurasian continent to the Barents Sea. This enhanced the water vapor convergence over the Barents Sea, resulting in BSW through enhanced CDLW. Our results highlight the atmospheric circulation related to the BO as an emerging driver of the wintertime BSW through enhanced meridional atmospheric heat and moisture transport over the North Atlantic Ocean.
Addendum: Painlevé transcendents and

PT

-symmetric Hamiltonians (2015 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
48 475202)
Authors: Bender Carl M , Komijani Javad
Published: March 2022

This paper is an Addendum to reference Bender and Komijani (2015 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
48 475202) (which stems from an earlier paper Bender et al (2014 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
47 235204)), where it was demonstrated that unstable separatrix solutions to the Painlevé equations I and II are determined by

PT

-symmetric Hamiltonians. Here, unstable separatrix solutions of the fourth Painlevé transcendent are studied numerically and analytically. It is shown that for a fixed initial value such as y(0) = 1 a discrete set of initial slopes y′(0) = b

n
give rise to separatrix solutions. Similarly, for a fixed initial slope such as y′(0) = 0 a discrete set of initial values y(0) = c

n
give rise to separatrix solutions. For Painlevé IV the large-n asymptotic behavior of b

n
is b

n
∼ B
IV
n
3/4 and that of c

n
is c

n
∼ C
IV
n
1/2. The constants B
IV and C
IV are determined both numerically and analytically. The analytical values of these constants are found by reducing the nonlinear Painlevé IV equation to the linear eigenvalue equation for the sextic

PT

-symmetric Hamiltonian

H
=

1

2

p

2

+

1

8

x

6

.
Preface
Authors: Ning Dezhi
Published: March 2022

Since its inception in 2020, EMET conferences (International Conference on Energy Material and Energy Technology) were successfully held for last two years, online (2020, 2021), attracted delegates from a lot of countries and regions including China, Australia, Poland, Slovenia and Japan. As an annual international conference, EMET aims at being a fast and efficient platform for researchers and scholars worldwide to discuss recent developments in the area of Energy Material and Energy Technology.

The Second International Conference on Energy Material and Energy Technology (EMET 2021) was scheduled to be held in Sanya, China. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the meeting had to be changed from onsite to online during November 19-20, 2021 for academic exchanges & discussions.

There were about 30 experts and scholars attending the conference. Three sessions were included: keynote speeches, oral presentations and poster presentations, covering a wide range of Energy Material and Energy Technology. There were 3 keynote speakers, 5 oral presenters and 1 poster presenter sharing their latest research results and ideas with the audience. Details about the presentations can be found in the Conference Overview part.

This conference proceeding included 16 accepted articles selected from 31 submissions, all the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of International publication standard. We would like to express our gratitude to the reviewers of these manuscripts, who provided constructive criticism and stimulated comments and suggestions to the authors. We are extremely grateful as organizers, technical program committee and editors and extend our most sincere thanks to all the authors for their excellent contribution and work. Our sincere gratitude also goes to the IOP Publishing editors and managers for their helpful cooperation during the preparation of the proceeding.

On behalf of the Organizing Committees of EMET2021.

List of Technical Program Committee, Conference Overview, Conference Schedule, Keynote Speeches, Oral Presentations and Poster Presentations are available in this pdf.
Research on adsorption and damage characteristics of slick water in coalbed methane development
Authors: Sun Wei , Li Bojun , Zhu Weiping , Li Yuan , Wang Qian , Yao Erdong , Zhou Fujian
Published: March 2022

In the process of coalbed fracturing, the drag reducers absorbed on the surface of the coalbed causes water lock damage and decreases gas production efficiency of coalbed methane. Thus, research on low-damage coalbed drag reducers is of great significance. Aiming at four drag reducers with different molecular weights, the law of drag reducers adsorption was investigated through static adsorption test and contact angle tests. Afterwards, a core displacement experiment was carried out to study the damage rate of slick water to the coabed, and the nanoemulsion CND was used for competitive adsorption to relieve the influence of fracturing fluid adsorption on the core damage. Finally, through the static adsorption test results, combined with core SEM images before and after displacement, the internal relationship between adsorption and damage was revealed, and the optimal principles and control methods for reducing the damage of drag reducers to the coalbed were proposed. The results show that: the drag reducers with larger molecular weight are more likely to adsorb in the coalbed, which caused more severe damage to the coalbed reservoir. In contrast, drag reducers with lower molecular weight show a lower damage rate (less than 20%) to the reservoir, which is suitable for the preparation of low-damage slick water. Mechanistic studies have shown that the drag reducers is adsorbed on the surface of the organic matter in the coalbed, leading to the exposure of the hydrophilic end. Therefore, the hydrophilic area on the surface of the coal powder was enlarged, which forms the water film adhesion in the pore throat, causing the water lock to block the gas and liquid seepage channel, resulting in reduced permeability; Nanoemulsion and coal powder are more closely adsorbed, which can reduce the adsorption of drag reducers through competition with the adsorption matrix, reduce water lock damage, facilitating the subsequent drainage and gas collection process.
High-temperature area migration characteristics of loose coal spontaneous combustion based on experimental scale of semi-enclosed experimental system
Authors: Zhao Jingyu , Zhang Tinghao , Guo Tao , Zhang Yuxuan , Song Jiajia
Published: March 2022

According to the actual combustion characteristics of loose coal, and in view of the advantages and disadvantages of the existing research equipment for the high-temperature area, a simulated experimental device for the development of coal fire was designed and fabricated. The coal sample of Mengcun coal mine in Xianyang, Shaanxi Province China as the research object, the device was used to simulate the combustion of loose coal, and the distribution and movement of high-temperature area during the combustion were studied. The temperature change of the high-temperature area was obtained from normal temperature to ignition. The results showed that during combustion, the temperature rose first with the increase of time and then decreased. When the temperature reached 309.5 °C, the coal sample started to combustion. In addition, the temperature decreased to the ambient temperature after 600 h. The high-temperature area of the selected coal sample was concentrated in the middle part and the back part of the furnace, which was for the poor thermal conductivity, water evaporation of coal intrinsic quality. Moreover, the temperature decreases in turn during the downward propagation of the high-temperature area in the depth. And its decline to the limit oxygen concentration (1%∼3%) is similar to reaching the combustion point temperature. Due to the influence of water content, pore and oxygen concentration, the movement of oxygen concentration and high temperature areas are mainly moved to the position and crack direction near the wind direction of coal-like combustion, showing nonlinear movement rules.
Challenges and opportunities for the energy management of sustainable data centers in smart grids
Authors: Wang Hongliang , Tang Daogui
Published: March 2022

With the increase of cloud computing and internet services, data centers are emerging to satisfy the requirement, leading to incremental energy consumption demand and emissions of green house gases. Thus, integration of renewable energies with the traditional power grid is preferred to reduce the environmental impact and increase energy efficiency, which lead to a demand of energy management strategies to coordinate the energy demand and generation. In this paper, we review the challenges for the sustainable data centers in smart grids with regards to energy management strategies, integration with renewable energies and cyber-attacks and propose possible solutions. Through the analysis of the data centers from the perspective of both smart grids level and micro-grid level, the research challenges and potential research directions in the energy management of sustainable data centers have been discussed.
Thermodynamic performance analysis of comprehensive utilization system driven by geothermal energy
Authors: Liu Xueling , Niu Jintao , Wang Jiansheng , Zhang Huipeng , Fu Yuguo , Zhu Jianxiao , Dong Liwei
Published: March 2022

In order to improve the utilization rate of geothermal energy and realize the comprehensive utilization of geothermal energy. In this paper, a comprehensive utilization system using geothermal energy is proposed, and the thermodynamic performance under different working conditions is studied and analysed. And the Pareto method is used to optimize the calculation of different optimization options. The conclusions are as follows: The system can supply heating, cooling and electricity at the same time, and can regulate the electricity and cooling capacity according to the demand. The optimal pressure exists in the system in front of the turbine inlet to maximize the net output power of the system (when k=0). Due to heating needs, the adjustable range of k decreases with increasing of the turbine inlet pressure when the pressure of the turbine inlet is greater than 13.83 MPa. When there are differences in the importance of different output objectives, the Pareto solution is different. The importance degree of output objectives can be defined according to the demand, so as to solve the corresponding optimal solution.
Effect of flow field on particle erosion in eroded square elbows
Authors: Lin Nan , Ju Jianbo , Zhang Hao
Published: March 2022

Erosion often occurs on the inner wall of gathering pipelines. Even if the particle size is small, the cumulative erosion may also cause serious erosion on pipelines and even leads to leakages. In order to learn erosion on elbows of pipelines in natural gas stations, mechanisms analysis and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method were used to investigate erosion on square elbows based on a case of elbows erosion in a gas gathering station. The results show that there are erosion sensitive areas on the eroded surface of elbows which are more likely to be eroded, erosion prediction of elbows could be obtained through CFD method. It is concluded that researches on erosion are important in oil and gas gathering industry and could be a good guiding for life prediction, inspection and operational safety protection of gathering pipelines.
Experimental study of the temporary plugging pattern of perforations by multi-particle size composites
Authors: Zhang Kuangsheng , Tang Meirong , Du Xianfei , Yuan Lishan , Zhou Fujian
Published: March 2022

In the process of temporary plugging and diverting fracturing of horizontal wells, the seating of large-size temporary plugging balls on the perforation is unstable and the plugging efficiency of irregular perforations is low, so a smaller-size composite temporary plugging agent is needed to improve the temporary plugging efficiency. In this study, based on the actual situation of Changqing oilfield, three kinds of temporary plugging materials with small particle sizes were used to plug the perforation. A simulated perforation plugging device with different permeability was built by artificial cores, and the plugging law and pressure-bearing capacity of the composite temporary plugging materials inside the perforation were studied. The results show that the temporary plugging materials with particle sizes smaller than the diameter of the perforation can form a plug inside the perforation, and the plugging zone formed inside the perforation is discontinuous. The plugging zone has good pressure-bearing performance, and the indoor blocking pressure is more than 15 MPa. The orthogonal experiments showed that the importance of three kinds of temporary plugging agents in the composite temporary plugging materials were 3-4 mm particles, 0.15 mm powder, and 1-2 mm particles, and the optimal ratio is 3:3:2. This study provides a technical basis for the design of the temporary plugging and diverting fracturing.
Implementation of a combined algorithm designed for increasing the reliability of information systems
Authors: Bychkov S S , Popov A M , Gorbacheva A K
Published: March 2022

This paper considers the results of experimental studies of the previously presented algorithm designed for increasing the reliability level of information systems. The data on the organization and conduct of the studies is provided to clarify their meaning. Within the framework of the study conducted, the obtained experimental data of simulation modeling and the functioning data of existing information systems are compared. The hypothesis of homogeneity of the structure of information systems has been formed, thereby reconfiguring the presented algorithm into a model for the analysis of information systems. The results presented can be used in further research activities. The obtained data on the opportunity to predict the functioning of information systems can be used for economic planning.
Determination of local heat transfer coefficient during boiling in annular channels of small diameters
Authors: Khodenkov A A , Delkov A V , Khodenkova E V
Published: March 2022

The presented work considers various methods for calculating the local heat transfer coefficient during boiling in annular channels of small diameters. The specificity of two different boiling modes, convective and nucleate, is analysed. The described calculation methods are compared.
The dynamics of pore formation in the electron beam welding
Authors: Oreshenko T G , Bocharova O A
Published: March 2022

The main mechanisms of porosity formation in electron beam welding are described by authors. The dynamics of changes in the shape, location and velocity of the pores in the weld pool is considered. The authors present the relationships linking the parameters of the electron beam welding process with the shape and location of the pores and their experimental data.
New quality of measuring capabilities
Authors: Zhirnova E A , Trifanov I V , Sukhanova O A , Mednikov D M
Published: March 2022

The issues of improving the quality of measurements based on the use of information technology and the informatization of the metrological infrastructure are investigated using the example of measurements of volumetric fluid flow. The functional diagram of an automated calibration unit for checking water flow meters is analyzed. As a result of the research, a model for the formation of a new quality of measuring capabilities has been developed. The use of metrological self-monitoring of calibration facilities is justified.
Correlation of ground penetrating radar and nuclear density gauge data to determine the density of asphalt pavement
Authors: Sarah Tengku Amran Tengku , Syafiq Mohd Amin Mohamad , Ridzuan Ahmad Mohamad , Azreen Masenwat Noor , Sani Suhairy , Fajri Osman Mohd , Sayuti Shaharudin , Abdullah Hamidi Syed Mamat Syed , Hassan Haziq , Iwana Rohesan Anis
Published: March 2022

This paper demonstrates the field performance of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) as a non-destructive testing tool to predict in situ asphalt pavement. In previous study, GPR has been used successfully in a variety of pavements application such as determining layer thickness, detecting subsurface distresses, and others. Nuclear Density Gauge (NDG) is specifically designed to measure the moisture and density of soils, aggregates, cement, and lime treated materials, and also to measure the density of asphalt concrete. Alternative analysis approaches by correlating the GPR and NDG data had been performed for density prediction of asphalt pavement. A density model name Al-Qadi, Lahouar, and Leng (ALL model) was used to predict the density of the asphalt pavement from the GPR data correlate with NDG database. This study shows that density for asphalt pavement from GPR data provide reasonably accurate density prediction when ALL model approach was used.
Small beam dosimetry by using Al2O3 optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) dosimeters at high energy photons and electrons
Authors: Fahmi Mohd Yusof Mohd , Amirah Shariff Nur , Sajidah Muhammad Fauzi Nur , Bazlie Abdul Kadir Ahmad , Mohd Isa Noriza
Published: March 2022

The study focused on the measurements of depth dose for small beam in the high energy photons and electrons. The percentage depth dose (PDD) was measured in 6 and 10 MV photons and 9 and 12 MeV electrons at 3 × 3 cm field sizes by using the Al2O3 optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) dosimeters. The PDD in OSL dosimeters were compared to those in ionization chamber and Gafchromic EBT3 film dosimeter. The results showed that the PDD in OSL dosimeters in lower photon and electron energies were in good agreement within 4% to ionization chamber and film. The PDD in 10 MV photons however showed gradual increase of deviation up to 10% beyond the depth of maximum dose (dmax). The surface doses in OSL dosimeters were significantly higher compared to those in ionization chamber and film dosimeter. The overall results suggested the suitability of OSL dosimeters to be used as indirect dosimetry works in high energy photons and electrons.
699 EMBEDDING A FRAILTY TEAM AND UNIT INTO WYTHENSHAWE HOSPITAL’S EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
Authors: Bruce S S , Saunders D , Mallouppa E
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Evaluation of Wythenshawe Hospital’s Acute Frailty Service in January–June 2019 demonstrated slow referrals times and poor identification of frail patients due to inaccurate Clinical Frailty Scoring (CFS) at emergency department triage. This project presents the results of ongoing quality assessment of our service between June 2019–January 2021, following two quality improvement (QI) interventions.

Aims: To evaluate our service’s ability to deliver early identification and intervention for complex frail patients via Complex Geriatric Assessment (CGA), as set out in National and Regional Frailty standards.(1,2). -To improve and maintain better outcomes for patients accessing our frailty service.

Method

Intervention1 (July’19): Specialist frailty nurses relocated to ED. Dedicated frailty clinical fellows and Consultant geriatrician input 0900–1700 weekdays. Intervention2 (Sep’20): Short-stay frailty unit opened. Junior clinical fellow cover increased (0900–1900 weekdays and 0900–1700 weekends). 299 patients seen at intervals between Jun’19-Jan’21 analysed using electronic records and completed CGA proformas.

Results

Pre-intervention Intervention1 Intervention2 June’19(n = 22) July’19(n = 198) Nov’19(n = 25) Sep’20(n = 26) Jan’21(n = 28) Time from triage-to-CGA (mins) (CI 95%)* 372.0 ± 178.2 56.0 83.4 ± 31.0 72.9 ± 35.7 48.4 ± 20.0 Discharge(%): Same day 22.7 39.4 21.7 36.0 25.0 < 72 hr(cumulative) 72.7 63.6 47.8 68.0 57.1 Ave. length of stay(days)(CI95%) 10.4 ± 5.9 20.6 20.0 ± 8.7 7.1 ± 3.4 5.4 ± 2.1 Readmission <30 days(%) 30.0 9.0 17.4 12.5 25.0 CGA Quality(%) CFS completion 100 96.0100 89.3 ReSPECT discussion 29.3 64.0 61.5 67.9 Full medication review 46.5 96.0 80.8 89.3 Therapy assessment 85.5 92.0 92.3 89.3 *patients triaged between 0800–1700.

Conclusion

Since Intervention1, Wythenshawe frailty service has sustained a reduction in triage-to-CGA time, maintained high percentages of same-day and < 72 hr discharges, and sustained high rates of CFS completion and therapy assessments. Following intervention2, average length of stay reduced. Increased readmission rates in Jan’21 were impacted by COVID-19. Additional interventions targeted at reducing readmission rates and increasing ReSPECT discussions should be implemented. 1. Greater Manchester Frailty Collaborative and Network, 2019. 2. Same-day acute frailty service, NHS improvement, 2019.
706 IMPROVING PRESCRIPTION OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE MEDICATIONS FOR PATIENTS ON ELDERLY CARE WARDS AT ROYAL STOKE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
Authors: Alonge O T , Sultana N , Aung Y T
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are commonly admitted into hospital with various acute medical conditions. Inaccurate prescription can result in adverse effects, increased hospital stay, and increased morbidity and mortality. We present a QIP conducted to improve PD medication prescription pattern among doctors and medication delivery from the nursing staff.

Method

In PDSA 1, we conducted a survey among doctors and nurses to assess their initial knowledge on PD medications. A baseline review of PD prescriptions on our Frail Elderly Assessment Unit (FEAU) was conducted. Our interventions include Introduction: of PD medication alert sticker attached to drug charts and recorded drug chart when they are taken off the wards. In PDSA 2, repeat survey was carried on Elderly care wards. We also reviewed PD prescriptions over a 2-week period on Elderly care wards.

Results

During the surveys, there were 55 respondents in PDSA 1 and 51 respondents in PDSA 2. The percentage of those who feel PD medications are critical medications remain similar in both cycles (98%). There was an improvement in the awareness of PD stickers from 44% to 83%. Those who feel PD alert stickers are appropriate improved from 93% to 100%. Respondents who chose all included appropriate PD medication sources for improving prescription pattern improved from 38% to 62%. There were 8 prescriptions during PDSA 1 and 21 prescriptions during PDSA 2. The use of PD stickers improved from 0% to 76%. The numbers of PD medications prescribed appropriately improved from 50% to 65%.

Conclusion

An improvement in prescription pattern was demonstrated, as we hope to improve patient safety and increase awareness across the trust. Our recommendations include use of PD medication alert sticker and recorded drug chart. We discussed our plans in Medicine Governance meeting, departmental newsletter, and presented in departmental audit meeting.
754 DEVELOPING A FRAILTY SERVICE IN ROYAL BOLTON HOSPITAL
Authors: Connolly A , Kallat A , Cairns M , Oates R
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Bolton NHS Trust has a busy Emergency Department (ED) in the North West. 21% of attendances are patients aged over 65. Early specialist input is recognised for frail older adults. The goal of this quality improvement project was to readdress the admission/discharge bias and to improve the quality of care for older patients in ED. A referral pathway would be implemented, and frailty team embedded into ED.

Methods

Data was collected from November 2018 to January 2020. The Frailty service underwent multiple quality improvement plans using PDSA cycles. Absence of documentation of the Clinical Frailty Score (CFS) lead to inadequate identification of frailty in ED. Frailty ACPs were based in ED to develop inter-disciplinary working whilst delivering education programmes to staff. In conjunction, Consultant-led sessions were delivered to ED trainees. This intervention was assessed by auditing CFS within patient electronic notes. Subsequent PDSA cycles resulted in CFS posters displayed in ED, in conjunction with a referral pathway to identify suitable patients. CFS scores became embedded in electronic patient records. Geriatricians reviewed directly into ED. Interventions were evaluated.

Results

Documentation of CFS increased by 20%. Referrals increased from 0 in November 2018 to 147 in December 2020. In December 2020, 52% of the patients assessed by the Frailty team were discharged, 46% of those had been referred to medicine. During the study period, the referral criteria was unreliably followed. Often referrals followed informal discussions rather than the criteria pathway. Inclusion criteria was restrictive. Education sessions were well received.

Conclusion

Basing the frailty team into ED encouraged documentation and recognition of CFS. Repeated education sessions are required due to staff turnover. Geriatrician review within ED reduced admissions to medical beds. The referral pathway has been adapted and extended to Community partners. This intervention is ongoing and will require evaluation.
769 IMPROVING THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH COMMUNITY AND HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA WITHIN ELDERLY CARE
Authors: Hoff Cv't , Chopra T , Chatterjee A
Published: March 2022

Introduction

In 2017 pneumonia was the most cited cause of death in elderly care at our hospital, and in 2019, we were shown to be an outlier in the incidence of hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP). Therefore, accurate diagnosis and management of pneumonia is paramount and an area for improvement in our trust. From 2017–20 we focussed on the care of elderly patients with pneumonia, aiming to improve the diagnosis and subsequent management plans.

Methods

Notes were reviewed retrospectively, examining patient notes, EPR data, radiological imaging and pathology results. We had 3 interventions across our project using teaching, posters, screensavers, and involvement of the wider MDT. HAP nursing champions were appointed, and new guidelines were published.

Results

Poor diagnostic accuracy of pneumonia was a recurrent problem. In 2017–18, focus to improve diagnosis rested on improved use of baseline investigations. By early 2019, following interventions, 75% of diagnoses were correct for community acquired pneumonia (CAP), despite ongoing poor use of investigations. Conversely, HAP patients had increased investigations but no improvement in diagnosis. Over winter 2019/20, 65% of patients had an inaccurate diagnosis of HAP. The most common reasons for misdiagnosis related to interpretation of chest x-rays and timing of diagnosis. 71% of patients misdiagnosed with HAP received antibiotics which were unlikely to be effective.

Conclusion

Improvements were made in the care of patients with both HAP and CAP. Simple interventions such as teaching, screensavers and posters affect decision-making and can improve patient outcomes. Diagnostic accuracy of both CAP and HAP can be a challenge—there were specific areas that were addressed effectively via teaching. To improve sustainability, future success of this project lies with continuous education and training of staff. A steering group will review the whole project and aim to sustain patient outcomes by digital transformation.
783 ADVANCE CARE PLANNING IN A LARGE TEACHING HOSPITAL EMERGING FROM THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT
Authors: Holdsworth E , Ryall R , Greenwood E
Published: March 2022

Background

Advance care planning (ACP) is an ongoing conversation where healthcare professionals explore patients’ and families’ wishes in order to act within their best interests. The COVID19 pandemic continues to highlight the importance of timely ACP, namely while our patients have capacity. We noted that despite advancing age, accumulating co-morbidities and high clinical frailty scores (CFS); ACP discussions were not taking place within our elderly department. We aimed to increase ACP conversations and ensure documentation on ReSPECT forms to allow continuity within primary care.

Methods

10 patients per ward were randomly selected. 69 patients met inclusion criteria (over 65 with CFS ≥5 or any patient with dementia). We reviewed electronic and paper records and defined evidence of ACP as ReSPECT form including preferred place of death (PPoD), or discussion with patient or relative in medical notes. We randomly selected a pilot ward and applied interventions over 4 weeks: • Small group teaching to junior doctors • Visiting ward MDTs to identify appropriate patients for ACP • Presenting baseline data to geriatricians • Visual aids from the palliative care team and prompt sheets for doctors.

Results

Prior to our interventions, 22% of our sample had evidence of advance care planning, 33% of discussions documented on ReSPECT form. Following our intervention period we reviewed medical notes on our pilot ward. 58% patients now had evidence of ACP, with 66% documented on a ReSPECT form.

Conclusion

We achieved a significant increase in advance care planning within our elderly medicine department, and are therefore better equipped to provide personalised care alongside our patients’ wishes and values. Next steps: • Expanding teaching across the multi-disciplinary team • ACP ‘champions’ to highlight appropriate patients • Expansion of initial interventions across the department We hope to embed and maintain this change through education, training and inspiring others.