bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perinatal Corticosteroids: A Review of the Research Part II: Postnatal Administration
Authors: Purdy Isabell
Published: November 2011

Postnatal corticosteroids are often administered during the neonatal intensive care unit stay to reduce the risk and severity of chronic lung disease (CLD) in preterm infants. In 2002, the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn and the Canadian Paediatric Society Fetus and Newborn Committee jointly advised against the routine use of systemic dexatmethasone for the prevention of CLD in very low birth weight infants. The objective of this review is to present evidence-based research and expert opinion to provide the neonatal clinician with current information regarding dexamethasone use with premature infants. This article serves to inform neonatal clinicians about the benefits and potential adverse neurosensory risks of this treatment option.
“Womb” Literacy: Reading to Infants in the NICU
Authors: Jones Martha Wilson , Englestad Donna
Published: November 2011

PROMOTING LITERACY IS NOT generally one of the top priorities in the care of high-risk infants in the NICU. Basic survival and tending to medical needs are obviously the most pressing concerns. However, we know from various studies that high-risk infants are at greater risk for less-than-optimal cognitive outcomes.1–3For example, preterm infants are at greater risk than term infants for lower overall IQ scores, repeating a grade, and failing to graduate from high school.1,2Interventions to improve the academic achievement of children are most effective when begun in the preschool years.4
NRP 2006: How Revised Guidelines Develop
Authors: Zaichkin Jeanette , Simon Wendy Marie
Published: November 2011

Revised materials for the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) will be released in spring 2006. These revisions are the result of a carefully synchronized process carried out by members of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) Neonatal Delegation, which includes the American Academy of Pediatrics Neonatal Resuscitation Program Steering Committee and the American Heart Association. ILCOR provides a consistent international framework for identifying and reviewing research on various aspects of resuscitation, a forum for debating issues and reaching consensus, and a mechanism for publishing findings in medical journals. NRP 2006 materials will be the result of carefully coordinated efforts and international collaboration on resuscitation science.
The Causal Pathway Model and Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Griffin Harold , Fitch Christine , Griffin Linda
Published: November 2011

This article reviews possible prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal causes of cerebral palsy. The interactive effects of various causes are evaluated. Groups of intervention strategies are then presented based on the causal pathway model.
Idiopathic Dilation of the Ductus Venosus: An Unusual Anomaly of the Fetal Blood Vessels
Authors: Yazdani Malektaj , Searle Amanda , Chau Ann
Published: November 2011

The ductus venosus (DV) is a blood vessel unique to the fetal circulation. It functions as a shunt between the umbilical vein and inferior vena cava by passing the hepatic microcirculation and shunting highly oxygenated blood to the brain and myocardium. The DV has received less attention than the ductus arteriosus; however, with modern ultrasonographic imaging, the DV is easily identified and is becoming a valuable diagnostic tool in the areas of maternal-fetal medicine. We report a rare case of idiopathic dilation of the DV that was diagnosed during routine ultrasounds. The presence of blood flow turbulence within the dilated area and the concern that blood vessels might rupture resulted in elective cesarean section at 34 weeks gestation. The infant was discharged after 14 days. Dilation of the DV, its size as well as the presence of turbulence in the dilated area might be important factors in determining the time of delivery and could contribute to a better outcome.
Kernicterus: Still a Concern
Authors: Juretschke Linda
Published: November 2011

The presence of yellow staining and damage to the brain caused by unconjugated bilirubin was first described by Hervieux in 1847.Kernicterus, the technical term used to describe the intense yellow staining in the basal ganglia of the brain, was first used by Schmorl in 1903. Perhaps as many as 60 percent of all babies born each year in the U.S. are diagnosed with clinical jaundice. Kernicterus is a preventable brain injury caused by severe jaundice, yet it remains a threat today. Because of this, anyone caring for newborns must be aware of the risks and treatment for hyperbilirubinemia and the sequelae of this seemingly benign entity.
Steps to Successfully Breastfeed the Premature Infant
Authors: Isaacson Laura
Published: November 2011

The birth of a premature infant causes emotional upheaval for parents. They often wonder what they can do to help their infant during the critical newborn period. Providing breast milk is one of the most important physiologic benefits a mother can give her premature infant. The advantages of breast milk are numerous. It is the responsibility of those who care for premature infants and their families to provide parents with the support they need to supply the best possible nutrition for their infant. Breastfeeding a premature infant can challenge both the mother and her health care team, however. Infants should be assessed individually for readiness to proceed through the steps leading to successful breastfeeding. From establishing a milk supply to putting the baby to the breast, parents rely on the nurse for information, instruction, and encouragement. This article identifies obstacles to breastfeeding the premature infant and offers a step-by-step approach for promoting successful breastfeeding in the NICU.
Congenital Chylothorax: A Case Study
Authors: Gaede Carey
Published: November 2011

PLEURAL EFFUSIONS OCCUR WHEN a large amount of free fluid accumulates in the pleural space.1A chylothorax is caused by chyle-containing lymphatic fluid draining into the pleural cavity.2This is the most common type of pleural effusion observed during the neonatal period and is two times more likely to occur in males than in females. Though uncommon, pleural effusions may cause significant respiratory compromise, and 50 percent of infants with a chylothorax develop symptoms of respiratory distress within 24 hours of birth.3The following case study summarizes the course of a 33-week-gestation neonate with bilateral congenital pleural effusions (chylothoraces). A review of the etiology, radiographic and laboratory diagnosis, and management of chylothorax follows the case study.
Long Hours and No Breaks: A Patient Safety Concern
Authors: Simons Sherri Lee
Published: November 2011

HEALTH CARE IS RISKY. THE high failure rate in hospitals means that many instances of patient injury and mortality are preventable. Most hospitals have initiatives to improve patient safety performance, but many do not recognize the critical link between patient safety and workforce issues.1
Staying Ahead of the Power Curve
Authors: Askin Debbie Fraser
Published: November 2011

SOMO PEOPLE MARK THE BEGINNING OF A NEW YEAR in September when the kids (or the academics) go back to school. Others look at the calendar and celebrate the New Year as the ball drops in Times Square. Still others use different calendars to mark the passage of time. Regardless of when the year starts for you, the mid-winter break is a good time to take stock of where you are, both personally and professionally. As you prepare to unfold the calendar for 2007 you might pause to think about where your practice will take you in the next year. Whoever said “life is a journey, not a destination” was certainly right when it comes to nursing practice. To make the most of the journey, we need to be open to new experiences and opportunities. You never know what door might open when you choose to turn a key. I am not one to make New Year’s resolutions, but I am promising to try to live by this motto, especially as I set off on a six month sabbatical from my day job at the University where I teach. It is my plan to take the time to think about the journey that is my neonatal practice and to explore some new roads along the way.
Immunomodulation, Part V: Probiotics
Authors: Bell Susan Givens
Published: November 2011

ACCORDING TO 2003 CENTERS for Disease Control and Prevention statistics, bacterial sepsis of the newborn is the eighth leading cause of death among neonates of all races and both sexes in the U.S., with a mortality rate of 18.9 per 100,000 live births, and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the thirteenth leading cause of death, with a mortality rate of 9.9 per 100,000 live births.1Because these entities present such a significant public health challenge, researchers have been exploring various modalities, including immunomodulation, to enhance the neonatal immune system. Generally, the immunomodulators studied work through indirect stimulation or augmentation of the immune system.
A Tool for Guiding Clinical Decisions
Authors: Smith Joan Renaud , Donze Ann , Magliaro Bonnie
Published: November 2011

“THOSE WHO ARE ENAMORED of practice without science are like a pilot who goes into a ship without rudder or compass and never has any certainty where he is going. Practice should always be based upon a sound knowledge of theory.”1
Fetal Nutrition and Adult Hypertension, Diabetes, Obesity, and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Thompson Joan Nalani
Published: November 2011

The fetal-origins-of-adult-disease hypothesis describes an adaptive phenomenon ofin uteroreprogramming of the undernourished fetus that predisposes the infant to increased morbidity as an adult. Studies have identified a positive association between indicators of fetal undernutrition such as low birth weight and chronic adult diseases like hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and coronary artery disease. Current research is focusing on determining other factors that may contribute to these chronic adult diseases.
News of The Academy of Neonatal Nursing
Authors: Brott Shirley
Published: November 2011

Surrounded by warm Hawaiian trade winds, friends and colleagues enjoyed the best in advanced practice neonatal education at the 4th National Advanced Practice Neonatal Nurses Conference held in the Sheraton Waikiki in Honolulu. Conference chairpersons, Debbie Fraser Askin, RNC, MN, Rosanne Harrigan, EdD, CPNP, APRN, FAAN, and Sherri Lee Simons, RNC, MSN, CCRN, assembled quality speakers with fresh ideas for participants to share with their students and NICUs.
Upping the Ante: Third Time’s a Charm
Authors: Askin Debbie Fraser
Published: November 2011

IN THE PAST TWO ISSUES OF Neonatal Network:® The Journal of Neonatal Nursing, the editorials have focused on the move toward basing nursing practice on available evidence (evidence-based practice) and how that might translate to the articles that are published in Neonatal Network.® While I have given my assurances that the fundamental mission and style of the journal have not changed, I have suggested that we are moving towards a higher standard from our authors, our reviewers and ultimately you as our reader. In reality, we are all being asked to practice to a higher standard by the most important stakeholders here—our patients. Clearly, basing our practice on the best available evidence is about providing the best possible level of care for our patients.
Investigating Jaundice in the Newborn
Authors: Beachy Jodi
Published: November 2011

JAUNDICE IS OFTEN SEEN IN the neonatal period, with 60 percent of full-term and 80 percent of preterm infants having visible jaundice.1 Jaundice is a sign of hyperbilirubinemia, which, in the newborn period, is usually due to an elevated indirect or unconjugated bilirubin level, and may result from an exaggerated physiologic response or be pathologic in nature. Hyperibilirubinemia due to an elevated direct or conjugated bilirubin is less common. Although an elevated direct bilirubin level can be transient, it is often related to some pathology.
Poverty as Context for the Parenting Experience of Low-Income Lumbee Indian Mothers with a Medically Fragile Infant
Authors: Docherty Sharron , Lowry Candace , Miles Margaret Shandor
Published: November 2011

Purpose: To explore the influence of poverty on the parenting experience and maternal developmental trajectory of Lumbee mothers with medically fragile infants.

Design: A multiple–case study design using secondary data from a larger longitudinal study of parental role attainment with medically fragile infants.

Sample: Five cases involving mothers who were Lumbee Indians and who had medically fragile infants.

Results: The key features of the mothers’ talk about their parenting experiences were organized into categories that fit into five inductively derived themes related to poverty.

Implications: Health care professionals need to be aware of how the context of living in poverty affects mothers of high-risk infants who are hospitalized in tertiary care units. In particular, low-income mothers, especially American Indians living in high-poverty areas, urgently need improved community resources such as access to birth control; early prenatal care; programs to help reduce drug, alcohol, and tobacco use both during and following pregnancy; and follow-up health and developmental services for their infants.
Use of a Papaverine Solution in Peripheral Arterial Lines
Authors: Bell Susan Givens
Published: November 2011

ARTERIAL VASCULAR ACCESS IS often essential to the management of critically ill neonates. If umbilical artery access cannot be obtained or is otherwise contraindicated, peripheral vascular access becomes necessary. Clinical experience has shown that cannulized peripheral arteries may develop vasospasm, however, resulting in catheter failure. When this occurs, blood cannot be drawn or dripped from the peripheral arterial catheter, and the arterial waveform may be dampened or flat.
News of The Academy of Neonatal Nursing
Authors: Brott Shirley
Published: November 2011

The Academy of Neonatal Nursing™ and Neonatal Network:® The Journal of Neonatal Nursing are offering some great networking events at the 8th National Neonatal Nurses Meeting. On Thursday, October 9, from 5:30 to 7:15 pm, join us in the Exhibit Hall for snacks and beverages while you browse the exhibits and meet new colleagues. Afterwards, hop on the Metrorail located outside the hotel and check out the night life of Georgetown, or grab a bite at one of the many eclectic spots in the Adams Morgan district, not far from the hotel.
News of The Academy of Neonatal Nursing
Authors: Brott Shirley
Published: November 2011

The Foundation for Neonatal Research and Education (FNRE), supported by The Academy of Neonatal Nursing, is a nonprofit organization that offers grants and scholarships for neonatal nurses to advance their practice through research, evaluation of patient outcomes, and education. FNRE is dependent on support from donations and welcomes contributions from individuals, families, and corporations. Donations are also accepted to memorial funds. Please think of the FNRE when considering contributions this holiday season. More information and contribution forms can be found at www.inurse.com/fnre. Thank you!
When Ventilator-Associated Pneumonias Haunt Your NICU—One Unit’s Story
Authors: Norris Susan , Barnes Aimee , Roberts Troy
Published: November 2011

IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM, LEVEL III NICUs are increasingly caring for low birth weight (LBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. This subpopulation represents a most fragile and vulnerable group that is subject to numerous complications. An ever-important concern is the development of health care– associated infections. This article focuses on the occurrence and prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia, better known as VAP, which is an infection of the lung occurring in patients who are being mechanically ventilated at the onset of the infection or have been mechanically ventilated within 48 hours of its onset.1
News of The Academy of Neonatal Nursing
Authors: Brott Shirley
Published: November 2011

On April 3rd, 2009, advanced practice neonatal nurses will come together in historic Boston to learn about the latest advances in neonatal nursing practice, to network, and to share their expertise with colleagues while enjoying the amenities of the Boston Westin Waterfront hotel. On Friday, April 3rd, Dr. Richard A. Polin will open the conference by discussing recent advances in neonatal practice related to scientific discoveries. Dr. Polin, a recent Neonatal Education Award in Perinatal Pediatrics recipient from the American Academy of Pediatrics, is also coauthor of the popular textbook, Fetal and Neonatal Physiology. He is currently the director of the Division of Neonatology of the Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital of New York-Presbyterian and professor of pediatrics at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons.
Retinopathy of Prematurity: An Eye Toward Better Outcomes
Authors: Pollan Charlene
Published: November 2011

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) results from the abnormal growth of blood vessels in the vascular bed supporting the developing retina. Estimated to cause up to 500 new cases of blindness in the U.S. each year, ROP affects primarily infants born at less than 1,500 g. Although its etiology is not well understood, ROP is thought to occur as a result of a complex interaction between oxygen and vascular growth factors. This article briefly reviews the history of ROP, discusses its pathophysiology, and addresses the risk factors and strategies for prevention.
Sodium Valproate and the Fetus: A Case Study and Review of the Literature
Authors: Smith Jacqueline , Whitehall John
Published: November 2011

Sodium valproate is a teratogen responsible for a wide range of abnormalities, including neural tube defects. It has traditionally been prescribed for epilepsy, but is increasingly used for such psychiatric conditions as bipolar disease. Women of childbearing age taking valproate should be warned of its teratogenicity and advised to plan pregnancies, take a higher dose of folate, discuss reducing the dose of valproate or changing the medication with their physician, and have antenatal screening. After birth, the infant should be examined for a wide range of reported abnormalities. Neurodevelopmental assessment should continue throughout childhood. We present a case that illustrates the need for better education of mothers taking valproate and the medical staff prescribing it.
November December 2009 News of the Academy
Authors: Brott Shirley
Published: November 2011

Nurses who attended the 9th National conference in Phoenix had this to say:

“Thank you for one of the best conference I have ever attended (I am old and have attended many!). I am already considering a project and poster for next year! Keep up the good work—patients need nurses to have such good resources!”
Variations of NICU Sound by Location and Time of Day
Authors: Matook Sherry , Sullivan Mary , Salisbury Amy , Miller Robin , Lester Barry
Published: November 2011

Purpose/Aims.The primary aim of this study was to identify time periods of sound levels >45 decibels (dB) in a large Level III NICU. The second aim was to determine whether there were differences in decibel levels across the five bays of the NICU, the four quadrants within each bay, and two 12-hour shifts.

Design.A repeated measures design was used. Bay, quadrant, and shift were randomly selected for sampling. Staff and visitors were blinded to the location of the sound meter, which was placed in one of five identical wooden boxes and was preset to record for 12 hours.

Sample.Sound levels were recorded every 60 seconds over 40 12-hour periods, 20 during the day shift and 20 during the night shift. Total hours measured were 480. Data were collected every other day during a three-month period. Covariates of staffing, infant census, infant acuity, and medical equipment were collected.

Main Outcome Variable.The main outcome variable was sound levels in decibels, with units of measurement of energy equivalent sound level (Leq), peak instantaneous sound pressure level, and maximum sound pressure level during each interval for a total of 480 hours.

Results.All sound levels were >45 dB, with average readings ranging from 49.5 to 89.5 dB. The middle bay had the highest levels, with an Leq of 85.74 dB. Quadrants at the back of a bay were louder than quadrants at the front of a bay. The day shift had higher decibel levels than the night shift. Covariates did not differ across bays or shifts.
May June 2010 News of The Academy of Neonatal Nursing
Authors: Brott Shirley
Published: November 2011

The Academy of Neonatal Nursing Executive Committee has appointed three new Committee members representing neonatal nursing care and policy from the east, west, and central U.S.: Annette Carley, RN, MS, NNP-BC, PNP-BC, from San Francisco, California; Jan Thape, RN-NIC, MSN, from Norfolk, Virginia; and Jobeth Pilcher, EdD, RNC-NIC, from Dallas, Texas. These neonatal nursing leaders have volunteered their time and expertise to represent ANN members. Thank you and congratulations!
Neonatal Nursing in 2010: Constant Gardeners
Authors: Fraser Debbie
Published: November 2011

A FEW YEARS AGO I WAS ASKED TO GIVE A TALK ON CARING for the micropreemie. I was lamenting the topic to my colleague, wondering how I could focus my talk given its breadth. His suggestion has become my mantra in any care I provide or any teaching I do that relates to small babies. So what profound wisdom did he offer? He told me that when he teaches his fellows, he likens the care we provide to being a gardener instead of a firefighter. Let me explain…
Giving—and Getting Back
Authors: Glapajone Paweena
Published: November 2011

It was a normal day of work. I was going through the regular routine of a hectic morning in the NICU at the John H. Stroger Hospital. There was a mom who came to visit her baby in the crib behind me. A few minutes passed, and I turned around to greet her. I asked her if she needed any assistance and gave her a curtain to provide her privacy while doing kangaroo care with her infant. After some time, I checked on her to see if she needed anything. I was touched by the scene in front of me. The mother had the baby tucked in her shirt, and he was comfortably asleep as the mother happily smiled at him, softly whispering loving words. Although this was a normal scene in the NICU, on this particular day, I felt compelled to capture it. I immediately remembered that my unit had just purchased a new camera, which I was coincidentally testing out on this day. I decided that there was no better way to remember this moment than by taking a picture. So I grabbed the camera and asked the mother’s permission. She pleasantly agreed. The picture was so beautiful that I decided to print it out and share it with the other nurses in my unit. The response was overwhelming. Everyone felt touched by this picture because it captured such a beautiful, perfect moment shared between a mother and her infant.
Safeguarding Your Continuing Education
Authors: Fraser Debbie
Published: November 2011

INCREASINGLY, I AM STRUCK BY THE COMPLEX WORLD around us—complexity born of the rapid explosion of knowledge, technology, and the multitude of choices facing us every day. With these choices come tremendous opportunities—everything you need to know at your fingertips—just Google it. The opportunity to pluck information from sources around the world also brings tremendous challenges. For authors under pressure to produce, for researchers seeking funding, for academics striving for promotion, the temptation to borrow information, to manipulate or falsify data, or to take other shortcuts, surrounds us constantly.
The Experiences of NICU Nurses in Caring for Infants with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Murphy-Oikonen Jodie , Brownlee Keith , Montelpare William , Gerlach Keri
Published: November 2011

Purpose:This study explored the experiences of NICU nurses in caring for infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).

Design:A qualitative research approach was used with open-ended questions employing computer-assisted personal interviews.

Sample:Fourteen NICU nurses employed in a regional hospital provided responses.

Results:The nurses reflected a personal struggle between a desire to employ their technical and critical nursing skills and the need to provide expected maternal care to NAS infants. Other themes included frustration and burnout, challenges to values about parenting, and increased awareness of drug use in the community and at home.

Discussion:The results suggest that nurses underrate the skill required to care for infants with NAS. The level of knowledge, patience, and commitment to these newborns should be reframed to increase job satisfaction, and education should be offered to nurses about women struggling with addictions.
Sensorimotor Interventions Improve Growth and Motor Function in Preterm Infants
Authors: Fucile Sandra , Gisel Erika
Published: November 2011

Purpose:To assess the effect of an oral (O+O), a tactile/kinesthetic (T/K+T/K), and a combined (O+T/K) intervention on preterm infants’ weight gain and motor function and to determine whether the combined O+T/K intervention has an additive/synergistic effect on outcomes.

Design/Sample:Seventy-five preterm infants were randomized into an O+O intervention consisting of oral stimulation, a T/K+T/K intervention involving whole body stimulation, an O+T/K intervention, and a control group. Interventions were administered for 15 minutes, twice a day, for ten days.

Outcomes:Weight gain, motor function.

Results:The O+O and T/K+T/K groups had greater weight gain during the intervention period than did controls (p≤.025). The T/K+T/K and O+T/K groups had better motor function than did controls (p≤.017).

Conclusion:Single and combined interventions improved growth and motor function. The combined intervention, because of the shorter duration of each modality, did not lead to additive/synergistic effects, suggesting that the duration of the sensorimotor input is as important as its target in achieving defined outcomes.
The Circle of Caring Model for Neonatal Transport
Authors: Thomas Jessica
Published: November 2011

The Circle of Caring Model serves as a guide that superimposes nursing and medical practice models. This transformative template was formulated for advanced practice nursing in all health care settings, including neonatal care. This article proposes an extension of this model specific to neonatal transport. It also shows how the Circle of Caring Model for Neonatal Transport functions within the framework of a hypothetical patient case.
Reduction in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Infection Rates in the NICU Using Evidence-Based Research
Authors: Kane Ellen , Bretz Gwen
Published: November 2011

Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) bloodstream infection is the most common cause of sepsis in the NICU and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. There is evidence that hand hygiene using an alcohol-based gel and wearing gloves during patient care, management of central and peripheral intravenous lines using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, and a closed medication administration system can reduce the incidence to CoNS sepsis in the NICU. To successfully apply the evidence and decrease the CoNS infection rate, a systematic process is necessary. One approach to process change that significantly reduced the CoNS infection rate in a health care system with two Level III NICUs included using system thinking; working within a multidisciplinary team; using evidence to revise, develop, and implement policies and procedures; developing staff education programs; and monitoring and providing feedback to all staff members.
“Caution! Contents Should Be Cold”: Developing a Whole-Body Hypothermia Program
Authors: Reynolds Regina , Talmage Samara
Published: November 2011

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is characterized as brain injury that results from lack of oxygen or blood flow to the brain in the perinatal period. Neonatal whole-body hypothermia and selective head cooling are becoming increasingly common care practices across the U.S. and Canada for infants with moderate-to-severe HIE because of the demonstrated ability of these approaches to reduce reperfusion injury to the brain. Health care professionals must develop a clinical care path for these fragile infants. For best results, induced hypothermia should be initiated within six hours of birth; therefore, care must be organized and provided without delay. This article provides bedside clinicians with care recommendations for infants being treated with these new interventions.
Fetus in Fetu: An Unusual Case Study for the Neonatal Nurse Practitioner
Authors: Mercy Natalie
Published: November 2011

Fetus in fetu is an extremely unusual occurrence where a rare congenital tumor containing a vertebral axis, often containing parts of other organs or limbs, is identified. Normally identified in the newborn period, the size and location of the mass may result in significant multiorgan compromise. This article presents the challenges encountered by the neonatal intensive care unit team in providing care for a late preterm female infant presenting with gross abdominal distension. Description of the case includes preoperative management along with management of severe coagulopathy and hemorrhage that arose during the intraoperative and postsurgical course of care. A brief overview of abdominal masses in the newborn is presented. The importance in determining the final diagnosis of fetus in fetu and its differentiation from teratoma is discussed.
Attitudes Towards Resource Ownership in Alberta
Authors: Percy David R
Published: November 2011

Although the modern Alberta petroleum industry has been in existence for 65 years, the past decade has seen the courts and the legislature wrestle with some fundamental issues relating to the ownership of resources. Indeed, some of the most contentious issues have arisen within the last year.

The first part of this paper is based on the approach taken by the Canadian courts as they were required to resolve subsurface ownership issues. In the earliest days of the industry, this process began with the initial determination that it was possible to distinguish between the ownership of petroleum and natural gas within the same reservoir. The paper will examine the extension of this approach as novel issues arose in more recent times, including the ownership of evolved (or secondary associated) gas, coalbed methane and gas found in association with bitumen.

The bulk of the paper will discuss controversial recent changes instituted by the government of Alberta between 2007 and 2011. They deal with the clarification of resource rights, the direct removal of resource rights and the rate of return from the exploitation of resource rights. The recent actions of the Alberta government have been seen as a departure from the traditionally favourable legal and policy environment enjoyed by the energy industry. The paper will demonstrate that the controversial initiatives of the government do represent a break in the tradition that was followed between 1981 in 2007, but they are consistent with the attitude of the provincial government over the long term.

The paper will provide guidance on the existing state of law in Alberta and some of the legal and policy consequences of the recent government actions. It will examine the reasons for the changed approach adopted by the government over the last four years with parallels to the period of rising energy prices that occurred between 1971 and 2001.
Unified Description of Isothermal Endoreversible Chemical Cycles with Linear Mass Transfer Law
Authors: Xia Dan , Chen Lingen , Sun Fengrui
Published: November 2011

An isothermal endoreversible four-reservoir chemical pump cycle operating between a finite potential capacity high-chemical-potential mass reservoir and three infinite potential capacity mass reservoirs is established in this paper. Optimal control theory is applied to determine the optimal cycle configuration corresponding to the maximum energy output per cycle for the fixed total cycle time and transferred energy of high-chemical-potential mass reservoir in which the mass transfer between working fluid and mass reservoirs obey linear mass transfer law. The optimal cycle configuration is an isothermal endoreversible four-reservoir chemical pump cycle, in which the chemical potential (the concentration) of the key component in the finite potential capacity high-chemical-potential mass reservoir and that in the working fluid change nonlinearly with time and the difference between the chemical potential (the ratio of the concentration) of the key component in the finite potential capacity mass reservoir and (to) that in the working fluid is a constant, and the chemical potentials (the concentration) of the key component in the working fluid at the infinite potential capacity mass reservoir sides are also constants. Moreover, the numerical example is provided to reveal the influences of concentration and chemical potential change of the finite potential capacity high-chemical-potential mass reservoir on the optimal configuration of the four-reservoir chemical pump cycle. Then, a unified description of various isothermal endoreversible chemical cycles with linear mass transfer law is obtained. They include ten type of isothermal endoreversible chemical cycles: four-reservoir chemical pumps with finite potential capacity mass reservoirs and infinite potential capacity mass reservoirs, four-reservoir chemical potential transformers with finite potential capacity mass reservoir and infinite potential capacity mass reservoirs, three- reservoir chemical pumps with finite potential capacity mass reservoirs and infinite potential capacity mass reservoirs, three-reservoir chemical potential transformers with finite potential capacity mass reservoir and infinite potential capacity mass reservoirs, two-reservoir chemical pump with infinite potential capacity mass reservoirs, and chemical engine with infinite potential capacity mass reservoirs. The results can provide some guidelines for optimal design and operation of real chemical cycles and devices.
Scientific Evidence in Europe -- Admissibility, Evaluation and Equality of Arms
Authors: Champod Christophe , Vuille Joëlle
Published: November 2011

This study was commissioned by the European Committee on Crime Problems at the Council of Europe to describe and discuss the standards used to asses the admissibility and appraisal of scientific evidence in various member countries. After documenting cases in which faulty forensic evidence seems to have played a critical role, the authors describe the legal foundations of the issues of admissibility and assessment of the probative value in the field of scientific evidence, contrasting criminal justice systems of accusatorial and inquisitorial tradition and the various risks that they pose in terms of equality of arms. Special attention is given to communication issues between lawyers and scientific experts. The authors eventually investigate possible ways of improving the system. Among these mechanisms, emphasis is put on the adoption of a common terminology for expressing the weight of evidence. It is also proposed to adopt an harmonized interpretation framework among forensic experts rooted in good practices of logical inference.The foreword was authored by D. Michael Risinger, Seton Hall University School of Law.
Identification projective et psychanalyse de la famille
Authors: Rissone Anna
Published: November 2011

Résumé « Identification projective et psychanalyse de la famille. » L’auteur propose une réflexion sur le concept d’identification projective et met en lumière ses fonctions de communication et de défense dans les relations intersubjectives et dans les relations trans-générationnelles ; en outre elle souligne l’importance de l’induction comportementale de la part du patient et de l’enactment de la part de l’analyste. Ces éléments sont illustrés à travers le matériel clinique. L’auteur montre comment des fantasmes non élaborés des parents sont projetés dans leurs enfants et, une fois incorporés, deviennent des objets non pensables et non élaborables. Elle met aussi en évidence que le travail psychanalytique avec toute la famille permet de repérer ces éléments bruts dans les séances et de favoriser la reprise du développement psychique des enfants et la transformation des relations familiales.
Les droits du candidat à l'élection présidentielle
Authors: Mastor Wanda
Published: November 2011

Résumé Être candidat à la présidence de la République induit-il des droits particuliers ? Tant la période précédant la campagne proprement dite que la campagne elle-même révèlent les nombreux obstacles que doit franchir le candidat virtuel devenu candidat officiel. Le filtrage des candidatures, l’encadrement des règles relatives au financement de la campagne et à la propagande constituent plutôt un faisceau d’obligations qui entravent le plein épanouissement d’une candidature. Le talent ne suffit pas, et les candidats à la présidence doivent exercer leurs droits à l’intérieur du cercle dessiné par les autorités normatives françaises : celui qui exclut tout ce qui pourrait nuire aux objectifs de transparence, d’équité et de lutte contre la corruption.
Typologie des candidats
Authors: Jan Pascal
Published: November 2011

Résumé L’essai de typologie mené est nécessairement imparfait, l’équation personnelle des candidats, l’état des formations politiques en présence et le contexte du moment constituant autant de variables qui perturbent l’analyse. Mais, incontestablement, les présidentiables poursuivent des objectifs très différents, nombreux étant ceux qui tirent profit d’un mouvement de l’opinion pour espérer créer des dynamiques électives (les espoirs / minoritaires) là ou d’autres se contentent de témoigner d’intérêts marginaux (les figurants / marginaux). Seuls quelques candidats (les têtes d’affiche / ambitieux) sont réellement en situation de gagner l’élection présidentielle, à tout le moins de se qualifier pour le second tour.
Les candidats et l'argent
Authors: Camby Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2011

Résumé La réglementation du financement des campagnes électorales, adaptée à l’élection présidentielle, en prévoyant un large remboursement des dépenses des candidats, le plafonnement des dépenses, le contrôle des recettes et une transparence des comptes de campagne, a pour objectif d’assurer l’égalité entre les concurrents. Mais le décalage entre ce cadre légal et la réalité des campagnes électorales demeure : les stratégies dans la recherche de financements sont un élément de la compétition électorale, et peuvent même devenir des arguments politiques.
Chronic Grief Management for Dementia Caregivers in Transition: Intervention Development and Implementation
Authors: Paun Olimpia , Farran Carol J.
Published: November 2011

Research reveals that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) caregivers do not relinquish their role after placing a family member in long-term care. Caregivers report increased emotional upset around the time of placement, with sustained losses over time leading to chronic grief. Chronic grief increases caregivers’ risk for depression and suicide. There are no documented interventions designed to decrease caregivers’ chronic grief post placement. The Chronic Grief Management Intervention (CGMI) builds on existing evidence to target caregivers’ chronic grief in the transition of a family member into long-term care. The intervention is structured into three major components: (a) knowledge, (b) communication and conflict resolution skills, and (c) chronic grief management skills. The 12-week intervention was pilot tested with 34 caregivers for feasibility and preliminary effects on caregiver skill, knowledge, chronic grief, and depression. This article presents a general study description while focusing on the development and implementation of the CGMI.
Stepping to Stability and Fall Prevention in Adult Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Emory Sara L. , Silva Susan G. , Christopher Eric J. , Edwards Pamela B. , Wahl Leanne E.
Published: November 2011

Fall prevention is a major area of concern in inpatient settings. This article reports on the feasibility of implementing a daily exercise program that features line dancing to promote stability, balance, and flexibility in adult psychiatric patients and describes the impact of that program. Six hundred sixty-five patient charts drawn from before and after the practice change were reviewed. The fall rate after the introduction of line dancing was 2.8% compared with 3.2% before implementation. In a setting that treats both men and women of many ages and with varying levels of mobility, line dancing offers a viable approach to exercise in a secure setting.
A Critical Evaluation of the Cardiac Toxicity of Citalopram: Part 2
Authors: Howland Robert H.
Published: November 2011

In August 2011, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a drug safety communication that the antidepressant drug citalopram (Celexa
®
) should not be used at dosages greater than 40 mg per day (or greater than 20 mg per day for patients 60 and older) because higher doses have been associated with abnormal heart rhythms. Clinical studies using citalopram in patients with cardiac disease and in older patients do not confirm such a risk. The major metabolite of citalopram is demethylcitalopram, which is subsequently metabolized to the minor metabolite didemethylcitalopram (DDCT). High DDCT concentrations have been associated with QT interval prolongation in beagle dogs. Therapeutic drug monitoring study data suggest that routine or even high oral doses of citalopram are unlikely to result in cardiotoxic concentrations of the DDCT metabolite. Based on evidence taken from a wide variety of studies, the citalopram dose limitations described in the safety announcement do not have strong clinical justification.
Developing Business CAT Teaching System and Course for Chinese Universities
Authors: Wang Lifei , Wan Jianling
Published: November 2011

This paper proposes that business CAT be introduced as the reform of a course in Chinese universities. Firstly, the authors describe the conceptual framework and design of business CAT course and textbook, the newly developed “Computer-Aided Business Translation Teaching System (Business CAT), with a focus on learner translation training and teacher management platforms. Secondly, the authors discuss the constructed “Business English-Chinese Parallel Corpus” that supports the system. Finally, the authors show that business CAT contributes positively to the improvement of college students’ CAT competence and development of CAT education in China.
Semantic Manipulations and Formal Ontology for Machine Learning based on Concept Algebra
Authors: Wang Yingxu , Tian Yousheng , Hu Kendal
Published: November 2011

Towards the formalization of ontological methodologies for dynamic machine learning and semantic analyses, a new form of denotational mathematics known as concept algebra is introduced. Concept Algebra (CA) is a denotational mathematical structure for formal knowledge representation and manipulation in machine learning and cognitive computing. CA provides a rigorous knowledge modeling and processing tool, which extends the informal, static, and application-specific ontological technologies to a formal, dynamic, and general mathematical means. An operational semantics for the calculus of CA is formally elaborated using a set of computational processes in real-time process algebra (RTPA). A case study is presented on how machines, cognitive robots, and software agents may mimic the key ability of human beings to autonomously manipulate knowledge in generic learning using CA. This work demonstrates the expressive power and a wide range of applications of CA for both humans and machines in cognitive computing, semantic computing, machine learning, and computational intelligence.
"This is not a cyber war, it's a...?"
Authors: Barnard-Wills David
Published: November 2011

This paper is a political theory analysis using the conflict, attacks, and ‘hactivism’ surrounding the WikiLeaks organisations following diplomatic cable releases as a case study to demonstrate the complexity of contemporary cyber conflict. This complexity is reflected in the motivations, identities, and values of a multiplicity of (often non-state) actors. Termed ‘the first visible cyber war’ this conflict (having already drawn in states, media organisations, banks and payments companies, and loose coalitions of individuals) is one where traditional metaphors of war occlude as much as they reveal. International relations and critical security studies have developed a range of approaches to international conflict that focus on identities, values, and normative frameworks. Securitization, hegemony, and democratic demands offer a productive way of understanding cyber conflict. Distributed denial of service attacks are interpreted as an attempt to establish a dominant discursive position and to construct a coalition around political issues
High Performance Control of Stewart Platform Manipulator Using Sliding Mode Control with Synchronization Error
Authors: Shiferaw Dereje , Jain Anamika , Mitra R.
Published: November 2011

This paper presents the design and analysis of a high performance robust controller for the Stewart platform manipulator. The controller is a variable structure controller that uses a linear sliding surface which is designed to drive both tracking and synchronization errors to zero. In the controller the model based equivalent control part of the sliding mode controller is computed in task space and the discontinuous switching controller part is computed in joint space and hence it is a hybrid of the two approaches. The hybrid implementation helps to reduce computation time and to achieve high performance in task space without the need to measure or estimate 6DOF task space positions. Effect of actuator friction, backlash and parameter variation due to loading have been studied and simulation results confirmed that the controller is robust and achieves better tracking accuracy than other types of sliding mode controllers and simple PID controller.
Evaluation of the Shopping Path to Distinguish Customers Using a RFID Dataset
Authors: Nakahara Takanobu , Yada Katsutoshi
Published: November 2011

In this study, the authors use radio-frequency identification (RFID) data, which show the position of a shopping cart through an RFID tag attached to the shopping cart. The RFID data contain valuable information for marketing, such as shopping time and distance as well as the number of shelf visits. The authors analyze customers’ purchasing behavior and in-store movement information using POS data combined with RFID data. The purpose of this study is to discover a promising shopping path that can distinguish customers’ instore movements by sequential pattern analysis using RFID data. These shopping paths are extracted using a pattern mining method. Finally, shopping paths are used in the decision tree analysis to generate the rules that expressed customers’ in-store movements and purchasing characteristics. As a result, in this study, the authors propose useful suggestions for more efficient in-store area management.