bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of pesticide application on Salmonella survival on inoculated tomato leaves
Authors: Gu Ganyu , Murphy Claire M. , Hamilton Alexis M. , Zheng Jie , Nou Xiangwu , Rideout Steven L. , Strawn Laura K.
Published: February 2023

Outbreaks of Salmonellosis have been traced to contaminated tomato. The produce production environment poses a risk for Salmonella contamination; however, little is known about the effects of pest management practices on Salmonella during production. The study objective was to evaluate pesticide application on the inactivation of Salmonella on tomato leaves. Thirty greenhouse‐grown tomato plants were inoculated with S. enterica serovars Newport or Typhimurium. Inoculation was performed by dipping tomato leaves in an 8‐log CFU/mL Salmonella suspension with 0.025% (vol/vol) Silwet L‐77 surfactant for 30 s, for a starting concentration of 6–7 log CFU/mL. Plants were treated with one of four pesticides, each with a different mode of action [acibenzolar‐S‐methyl, copper‐hydroxide, peroxyacetic acid (PAA), and streptomycin]. Pesticides were applied at manufacturers' labeled rate for plant disease management with water as a control treatment. Salmonella was enumerated at 0.125 (3 h), 2, 6, and 9 days post‐inoculation (dpi), and counts log‐transformed. Growth of Salmonella was not observed. At 2 dpi, PAA and streptomycin significantly reduced surface Salmonella concentrations of inoculated tomato leaves (0.7 and 0.6‐log CFU/g, respectively; p ≤ 0.05), while significant Salmonella log reduction occurred in the ground tomato leaves after copper hydroxide treatment (0.8‐log CFU/g; p ≤ 0.05), compared to the control. No significant differences in Salmonella populations on tomato leaf surface and in ground leaves were observed from 2 to 9 dpi, regardless of pesticide application. These findings suggest single in‐field pesticide applications may not be an effective mitigation strategy in limiting potential Salmonella contamination. Future research, including multiple in‐field pesticide applications, or pesticide use in combination with other mitigation strategies, may offer intriguing management practices to limit possible preharvest contamination.
Prolonged endocrine therapy in the management of hormone receptor‐positive early‐stage breast cancer: What is the appropriate duration?
Authors: Micha John P. , Rettenmaier Mark A. , Bohart Randy D. , Goldstein Bram H.
Published: February 2023

Aim

The clinical benefits associated with 5 years of endocrine therapy in the treatment of hormone receptor‐positive, early‐stage breast cancer (ESBC) have been well‐substantiated. However, numerous studies have reported on the results of extended (i.e., >5 years) endocrine therapy to further effectuate a clinical benefit, with varying outcomes. Hence, the purpose of this study is to review these prolonged investigations and endeavor to clarify their corresponding treatment implications.

Methods

We reviewed the study findings from several randomized controlled trials and meta‐analyses, which incorporated clinical outcomes from pre‐and postmenopausal, hormone receptor‐positive, ESBC patients.

Results

Hormone receptor‐positive, ESBC patients treated with 5 years of endocrine therapy, who are node‐negative with tumors <2 cm, will unlikely benefit from five additional years of treatment. Conversely, in women with larger tumors and node‐positive disease, 7–8 total years of endocrine therapy may be indicated. Ultimately, clinicians should also consider the attendant side effects from endocrine therapy, namely bone fractures, namely cardiovascular symptoms, and vasomotor symptoms, when considering the appropriate treatment regimen.

Conclusions

While increased duration of endocrine therapy may selectively accord significant clinical benefits, prior to determining the patient's treatment interval, physicians should also assess the cumulative side effects from endocrine therapy when endeavoring to maintain treatment compliance and bolster quality of life.
The impact of assisted reproductive technology on the risk of postpartum hemorrhage: Difference by the mode of delivery and embryo transfer
Authors: Yamamura Akitoshi , Okuda Akiko , Abe Akiko , Kashihara Yuki , Kozono Yuki , Sekiyama Kentaro , Yoshioka Yumiko , Higuchi Toshihiro
Published: February 2023

Aim

The frequency of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is increasing in developed countries, and some reports suggest that assisted reproductive technology (ART) increases various perinatal complications, including PPH. We investigated whether the effect of ART pregnancies on the incidence of PPH is modified by the mode of delivery.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed. We analyzed the medical records of 2914 pregnant women, including 411 pregnancies achieved by ART, which were delivered in our hospital from 2017 to 2020. PPH was defined as hemorrhage exceeding the 90th percentile of blood loss per the mode of delivery and number of fetuses. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between ART and PPH. Propensity score‐matched analyses were used to assess the difference in the incidence of PPH by the mode of delivery.

Results

As previously reported, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that ART pregnancy is an independent risk factor for PPH. Propensity score‐matched analysis for with and without ART showed a 3.39‐fold higher incidence of PPH for ART pregnancy in the vaginal delivery group (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The effect of ART pregnancies on the incidence of PPH differed depending on the mode of delivery. Only in vaginal delivery, ART pregnancy increased the incidence of PPH.
Enhancing claim classification with feature extraction from anomaly‐detection‐derived routine and peculiarity profiles
Authors: Duval Francis , Boucher Jean‐Philippe , Pigeon Mathieu
Published: February 2023

Usage‐based insurance is becoming the new standard in vehicle insurance; it is therefore relevant to find efficient ways of using insureds' driving data. Applying anomaly detection (AD) to vehicles' trip summaries, we develop a method allowing to derive a “routine” and a “peculiarity” anomaly profile for each vehicle. To this end, AD algorithms are used to compute a routine and a peculiarity anomaly score for each trip a vehicle makes. The former measures the anomaly degree of the trip compared with the other trips made by the concerned vehicle, while the latter measures its anomaly degree compared with trips made by any vehicle. The resulting anomaly scores vectors are used as routine and peculiarity profiles. Features are then extracted from these profiles, for which we investigate the predictive power in the claim classification framework. Using real data, we find that features extracted from the vehicles' peculiarity profile improve the classification.
Ramelteon for delirium prevention in hospitalized patients: An updated meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yu Chia‐Ling , Carvalho Andre F. , Thompson Trevor , Tsai Tzu‐Cheng , Tseng Ping‐Tao , Tu Yu‐Kang , Yang Szu‐Nian , Yang Fu‐Chi , Chang Cheng‐Ho , Hsu Chih‐Wei , Hsu Tien‐Wei , Liang Chih‐Sung
Published: February 2023

Although ramelteon has been examined as a relatively new therapeutic option for delirium prevention, current evidence to evaluate its efficacy is limited. We conducted an updated meta‐analysis and examine the reliability of existing evidence regarding the effect of ramelteon on delirium prevention in hospitalized patients. Seven major electronic databases were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy of ramelteon in delirium prevention. Data were pooled using a frequentist‐restricted maximum‐likelihood random‐effects model. A trial sequential analysis was performed using relative risk reduction thresholds of 50%. The primary outcome was the incidence of delirium (reported as odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals). The secondary outcomes were the days of delirium, all‐cause mortality, and all‐cause discontinuation. Of 187 potentially eligible studies identified, 8 placebo‐controlled randomized controlled trials (n = 587) were included. This updated meta‐analysis showed that ramelteon was associated with lower odds of delirium occurrence than placebo (0.50; 0.29−0.86; I2 = 17.48%). In trial sequential analysis, the effect of ramelteon across the superiority boundary when using a relative risk reduction threshold ranging from 40% to 60%. In subgroup analyses, ramelteon compared with placebo was associated with lower odds of delirium occurrence in the elderly group (k = 5; 0.28; 0.09−0.85; I2 = 27.93%) and multiple dosage group (k = 5; 0.34; 0.14−0.82; I2 = 44.24%) but not in the non‐elderly and non‐multiple dosage groups. When considering surgical patients and medical patients separately, ramelteon showed a trend in the treatment of delirium prevention in both groups, while these findings were not statistically significant. No significant between‐group differences were found in the secondary outcomes. The current meta‐analysis provides updated and reliable evidence that ramelteon, in comparison with placebo, reduces the risk of delirium among hospitalized patients.
Heterogenity of planetesimal collisional plume probed by glass inclusions in metal globules of Sierra Gorda 013, an unusual CBa‐like chondrite
Authors: Lorenz C. A. , Ivanova M. A. , Zinovieva N. G. , Ryazantsev K. M. , Korochantsev A. V.
Published: February 2023

Metal‐rich carbonaceous CB chondrites are generally assumed to be materials accreted from the gas–dust plume formed in catastrophic collisions of planetesimals, at least one of which was differentiated into a metal core and silicate shell. Micron‐sized inclusions of siliceous alkali‐rich glasses associated with sulfides were found in the metal globules of the Sierra Gorda 013 (SG 013), a CBa‐like chondrite. These inclusions are unusual carriers of volatile alkalis which are commonly depleted in CB chondrites. The inclusions are presented by two types: (1) Al‐bearing Nb‐poor glass associated with daubréelite and (2) Nb‐bearing Ca,Al,Mg‐poor glass associated with an unknown Na‐bearing Cr‐sulfide. The glass compositions do not correspond to equilibrium condensation, evaporation, or melting. The Nb‐bearing glass has a superchondritic Nb/Ta ratio (31) most likely indicating the fractionation of Nb and Ta in the high‐temperature gas–dust impact plume due to condensation from vapor or evaporation of precursor Nb‐rich particles. The glasses are interpreted as reaction products between refractory plume condensate particles (or possibly planetary or chondritic solids) with relatively low‐temperature K‐Na‐Si‐rich gas in oxidized conditions, possibly in a common plume vapor reservoir. Compositional differences indicate that the glasses and sulfides originated from several different sources under different fO2, fS2, andTconditions and were likely combined together and transported to the metal globule formation region by material flows in the heterogeneous impact plume. The glass–sulfide particles were enclosed in the globules aggregated from smaller solid or molten metal grains. The metal globules were further melted during transport to the high‐temperature plume region or by plume shockwave heating. Thus, the composition of the glasses, the host metal, and the main mass of SG 013 shows dynamic heterogeneity of physical conditions and impact plume composition after a large‐scale planetesimal collision.
Phylogenetic patterns of bioactive secondary metabolites produced by fungal endosymbionts in morning glories (Ipomoeeae, Convolvulaceae)
Authors: Quach Quynh N. , Clay Keith , Lee Stephen T. , Gardner Dale R. , Cook Daniel
Published: February 2023

Heritable fungal endosymbiosis is underinvestigated in plant biology and documented in only three plant families (Convolvulaceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae). An estimated 40% of morning glory species in the tribe Ipomoeeae (Convolvulaceae) have associations with one of two distinct heritable, endosymbiotic fungi (Periglandula and Chaetothyriales) that produce the bioactive metabolites ergot alkaloids, indole diterpene alkaloids, and swainsonine, which have been of interest for their toxic effects on animals and potential medical applications. Here, we report the occurrence of ergot alkaloids, indole diterpene alkaloids, and swainsonine in the Convolvulaceae; and the fungi that produce them based on synthesis of previous studies and new indole diterpene alkaloid data from 27 additional species in a phylogenetic, geographic, and life‐history context. We find that individual morning glory species host no more than one metabolite‐producing fungal endosymbiont (with one possible exception), possibly due to costs to the host and overlapping functions of the alkaloids. The symbiotic morning glory lineages occur in distinct phylogenetic clades, and host species have significantly larger seed size than nonsymbiotic species. The distinct and widely distributed endosymbiotic relationships in the morning glory family and their alkaloids provide an accessible study system for understanding heritable plant–fungal symbiosis evolution and their potential functions for host plants.
Developing eminence in STEMM: An interview study with talent development and STEMM experts
Authors: Luo Linlin , Stoeger Heidrun
Published: February 2023

In the present day, we need outstanding scientists, engineers, mathematicians, and medical science researchers more than ever to solve the world's most pressing issues, such as climate change, water contamination, and cyber security. Naturally, we ask the question: What does it take to develop eminence in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medical science (STEMM)? To answer this question, we interviewed two relevant groups of experts: 14 talent development researchers and 14 STEMM experts. The interview questions were developed based on the theoretical framework of the Actiotope Model of Giftedness and the related educational and learning capital approach that differentiates five types of exogenous resources (educational capital) and five types of endogenous resources (learning capital) that feed into talent development toward eminence. The results show that all types of capital were regarded as important by the experts for developing eminence in STEMM. However, there were also differences. We describe the educational and learning capital that talent development researchers and STEMM experts considered to be important for talent development in STEMM, as well as the similarities and differences between the two groups.
Trends in pediatric non‐operating room anesthesia: Data from the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry
Authors: Louër Ryan , Szeto Mindy , Grasfield Rachel , McClain Craig D. , Urman Richard D. , Brovman Ethan Y.
Published: February 2023

Background

Modern pediatric anesthetic encounters occur in operating rooms and non‐operating room settings. Most anesthesia providers have cared for children in radiology, endoscopy, and other interventional settings at some point in their training and career. There is an absence of published data on the frequency, timing, and demographics of these pediatric anesthesia encounters.

Aims

The primary goal of our study is to present data spanning a variety of institutions and practice settings in the United States to define the percentage of non‐operating room anesthetic encounters in children. We also set out to characterize the frequency of the most common procedures in the non‐operating room setting within the United States.

Methods

Using the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry data from 2015–2019, we analyzed and reported data on current trends in non‐operating room anesthesia including patient demographics, encounter setting, procedure type, and the time at which anesthetic encounters occurred.

Results

2 236 788 pediatric anesthetic encounters (patient age <18 y.o.) were analyzed revealing that 22.7% of all pediatric anesthetics occur in non‐operating room settings. Patients were more likely to have higher American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classifications in the non‐operating room anesthesia group. Gastroenterological suites are the most common setting reported for pediatric non‐operating room anesthesia.

Conclusions

Non‐operating room anesthesia in the United States is a prominent segment of pediatric anesthetic practice. Pediatric patients encountered in the non‐operating room setting have more comorbidities, though further studies are needed to characterize the implication of this finding.
Modeling current and future habitat suitability of an iconic bird to inform restoration planning in southeastern Louisiana, U.S.A.
Authors: Percy Katie L. , Michel Nicole L. , Nakashima Lindsay , Fuller Jennifer , Johnson Erik I.
Published: February 2023

Louisiana is facing a land loss crisis with 5,000 km2 lost since the 1930s, and another 10,000 km2 may disappear over the next 50 years. In response, the state developed a Comprehensive Master Plan for a Sustainable Coast, which includes predictions for how wildlife species respond to futures with or without restoration action. However, the 2017 Master Plan did not include a bird species representative of brackish or freshwater wetland habitats. Our objective therefore was to evaluate the potential for the Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) to serve as an indicator of freshwater wetland health, and to develop a model to predict Bald Eagle responses to land cover change 20 and 50 years into the future, with or without restoration action. Using nest location data collected by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries from the Barataria Basin, we modeled the relationship between Bald Eagle nest occurrence and land cover using boosted regression trees. Model performance was strong, explaining 54.4 ± 0.1% of the deviance in nest occurrence, and showed that Bald Eagle nests were more common in areas with greater fresh forested wetland, freshwater marsh, and flotant marsh land cover. Future suitability for nesting Bald Eagles was higher in 20 and 50 years with restoration action compared to without, although suitability in both years was lower than contemporary suitability, regardless of restoration action. Our model suggests that comprehensive restoration action is needed, including the implementation of Mississippi River diversions, to sustain high densities of nesting Bald Eagles in coastal Louisiana.
Considerable gaps and differences in rehabilitation after major lower extremity amputations across regions and municipalities in Denmark – A national survey
Authors: Madsen Ulla Riis , Biesbjerg Christian Bach , Mikkelsen Tina Broby , Marsaa Kristoffer , Olsen Zwisler Ann‐Dorthe , Vedste Aagaard Thomas
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Equal access to healthcare is a fundamental principle in the fully tax‐financed Danish healthcare system. This study reveals whether this system lives up to the principle of equal access when it comes to the rehabilitation of patients who have major lower extremity amputations.

Methods

With the aim of exploring possible inequality in rehabilitation for patients having major lower extremity amputation in Denmark, a nationwide electronic survey was conducted in the autumn of 2020, which included all hospitals and municipalities in Denmark.

Results

Eighty six percent of hospitals (n = 19) and 97% (n = 95) of municipalities responded. Of the 32% (n = 6) of hospitals and 78% (n = 74) of municipalities that provided prosthesis rehabilitation, the majority (hospitals 50% /municipalities 91%) provided prostheses for <10 patients in 2019, and 36% reported having competencies at only a general level among physiotherapists performing prosthetic training. Psychosocial rehabilitation modalities were lacking overall.

Conclusions

This national study documents pronounced geographic inequality in access to qualified rehabilitation services for the relatively few patients undergoing lower extremity amputations in Denmark. The decentralised organisation of amputation rehabilitation makes it difficult to build and maintain specialist competencies among healthcare professionals. Inconsistent availability of psychosocial rehabilitation modalities of all kinds found in this study points to a need for action particularly among patients not in prosthetic rehabilitation where palliative needs should also be considered.
Bioclastic bottom‐current deposits of a Devonian contourite terrace: Facies variability and depositional architecture (Tafilalt Platform, Morocco)
Authors: Hüneke Heiko , Gibb M. Arwed , Mayer Oliver , Kniest Jorit F. , Mehlhorn Paul , Gibb Laura M. , Aboussalam Z. Sarah , Becker R. Thomas , El Hassani Ahmed , Baidder Lahssen
Published: February 2023

The study examines bioclastic carbonate contourites that arise from the broad spectrum of bottom‐current related sedimentary processes ranging from deposition to erosion. The result of the intermittent accumulation of sediment are thin and condensed successions with abundant hiatuses. Such bottom‐current deposits are poorly known, since the broadly accepted contourite‐facies model, the bi‐gradational sequence, characterizes environments of contourite depositional systems as a continuous accretion of fine‐grained siliciclastic sediments. To increase current understanding of the carbonate facies within hiatal contourite records, the Eifelian–Frasnian of the Tafilalt Platform in Morocco was investigated. The succession is divided into five facies associations that are interpreted to reflect pelagic sedimentation and deposition from bottom currents on a contourite terrace, a gently inclined section of the upper slope of Gondwana shaped by a water‐mass interface. Contourite deposition was mainly controlled by oxic clear‐water currents (documented by moderately to completely bioturbated limestones with abundant hydrogenetic ferromanganese nodules, and low organic‐carbon contents), at times also by an anoxic water mass (featured by organic‐rich coquinas with absent to sparse bioturbation and predominantly syngenetic framboidal pyrites). Biostratigraphic data and the overall depositional architecture display palaeoceanographic hydrodynamic processes associated with a shifting water‐mass interface. The inner terrace was characterized by an alongslope contourite channel and a small mounded drift at its downslope margin. Energetic bottom currents furthermore caused abraded surfaces, i.e. plain areas of non‐deposition and localized erosion, and sandy condensation layers. The microfacies reflects repeated alternation between suspension deposition, winnowing of fines, bedload traction, dynamic sediment bypassing and reworking, together with concomitant seafloor cementation. Coquinas of mainly planktonic and nektonic organisms are identified as integral parts of bi‐gradational contourite sequences showing inverse and normal grading. Hiatal lag concentrations of carbonate intraclasts, ferromanganese nodules and conodonts often drape hardgrounds and erosional surfaces at the midpoint of these frequently incomplete sequences. This Devonian case provides the opportunity to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of the bed‐scale contourite sequence, also with regard to the drift‐scale depositional architecture. In addition, the identified high‐resolution record is a starting point for unravelling the pattern of oceanic circulation in the Devonian greenhouse world.
Efficiency of cutaneous heat diffusion after local hyperthermia for the treatment of itch
Authors: Wohlrab Johannes , Mentel Tim , Eichner Adina
Published: February 2023

Background

Today, itching is understood as an independent sensory perception, which is based on a complex etiology of a disturbed neuronal activity and leads to clinical symptoms. The primary afferents (pruriceptors) have functional overlaps with afferents of thermoregulation (thermoceptors). Thus, an antipruritic effect can be caused by antagonizing heat‐sensitive receptors of the skin. The ion channel TRP‐subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) is of particular importance in this context. Repeated heat application can induce irreversible inactivation by unfolding of the protein, causing a persistent functional deficit and thus clinically and therapeutically reducing itch sensation.

Material and methods

To demonstrate relevant heat diffusion after local application of heat (45°C to 52°C for 3 and 5 seconds) by a technical medical device, the temperature profile for the relevant skin layer was recorded synchronously on ex vivo human skin using an infrared microscope.

Results

The results showed that the necessary activation temperature for TRPV1 of (≥43°C) in the upper relevant skin layers was safely reached after 3 and 5 seconds of application time. There were no indications of undesirable thermal effects.

Conclusion

The test results show that the objectified performance of the investigated medical device can be expected to provide the necessary temperature input for the activation of heat‐sensitive receptors in the skin. Clinical studies are necessary to prove therapeutic efficacy in the indication pruritus.
Biosocial borders: Affective debilitation and resilience among women living in a violently bordered favela
Authors: Brigstocke Julian , Fróes Maira , Cabral Cristina , Malanquini Lidiane , Baptista Gabriela
Published: February 2023

Within emerging fields of research focusing on neuro‐urbanism, neuro‐geographies, and biosociality, which experiment with using emerging mobile biosensor methods, few if any have used them to research socio‐spatial life in communities that suffer high levels of violence and other socio‐spatial injustices. Extending non‐representational accounts of the body, emotions, and affect, this paper discusses an experimental geography–neuroscience collaboration, working in a favela of Rio de Janeiro to explore the embodied urban emotions and affects of violently bordered urban communities. Emphasising non‐representational, corporeal spatial practices in a study of women living in Brazil's favelas, we use electrodermal activity biosensors to propose a novel methodological and analytical approach that focuses on forms of affective debilitation and resilience. Theoretically, we draw on biopolitical theory and border theory to propose a method that avoids oppositions between biopolitical and necropolitical accounts of borders. The aim of the research, conducted in June 2016, is to understand levels of affective debilitation or resilience among women living in the Maré Complex of favelas in Rio de Janeiro. Using a wearable biosensor, we took measures of electrodermal activity of eight women as they undertook one of their routine, everyday journeys within the favela. We also conducted an hour‐long qualitative interview with each participant. We find that for all our participants, navigating the favela's violent border spaces subjects their bodies to very high levels of affective and cognitive demand. While some women responded to this with stress reactions that created acute levels of affective debilitation, others responded very strongly, showing exceptionally high levels of affective resilience. Our research highlights the affective labour required of women to co‐construct urban borders, and emphasizes their agency and forms of everyday resistance in shaping the favela's affective atmospheres. Combined biosensing (electrodermal activity/galvanic skin response) data and interview data reveal that women living in the favela  experience high levels of stress and fear. For one resident this results in affective debilitation (a wounding of the capacity to affect and to be affected). However, other women showed exceptionally high levels of affective resilience and resistance. The research points to the important role of women in co‐constructing the embodied borders of the favela.
Direito Internacional Descolonial
Authors: Damasceno Gabriel Pedro Moreira
Published: February 2023

As condições de vulnerabilidade social e subalternização geradas pelo colonialismo e pelo imperialismo, perpetuadas na contemporaneidade pela colonialidade e pela imperialidade, permitem que o Direito Internacional seja um direito não apenas desigual, mas hierarquizado. Motivada pelos estudos referentes às teorias descoloniais e as Abordagens do Terceiro Mundo ao Direito Internacional (Third World Approaches to International Law) – TWAIL, a presente pesquisa busca verificar as contribuições do diálogo entre as referidas correntes teóricas para que o Direito Internacional possa romper com sua estrutura de hierarquização, ou seja, busca verificar se um Direito Internacional Descolonial é possível. Em outras palavras, a presente pesquisa tem como problema investigar quais são as contribuições das teorias descoloniais e das TWAIL para a criação de um Direito Internacional Descolonial. O presente trabalho é construído a partir de uma abordagem hipotético-dedutiva. No que se refere à análise de objetivos, esta foi alcançada de forma exploratória, descritiva e crítica, uma vez que se realizou um levantamento bibliográfico, descrevendo-se a alternativa proposta, que foi conjeturada a partir dos referenciais teóricos adotados. Foram utilizadas como procedimentos as ferramentas bibliográfica e documental. Considera-se que a ideia de opção descolonial possibilita repensar o Direito Internacional por meio das perspectivas fornecidas pelas TWAIL, visto que estas são direcionadas à própria construção normativa do direito internacional, de onde deve surgir, de tal modo um Direito Internacional Descolonial.
Injustiça Climática
Authors: Scotti Rodrigues Guilherme , Pereira Diego
Published: February 2023

De que forma as iniquidades advindas das questões climáticas são um adicional às desigualdades sociais que atravessam a sociedade brasileira? Como a negação de direitos presenciada em casos de desastres ambientais corresponde a um tipo de violência? Por que discutir meio ambiente passou a ressignificar a própria ideia de democracia e estado de direito? São esses os questionamentos que conduzem a escrita do presente artigo que, tracejando o significado de justiça climática como oriunda da justiça ambiental, chama ao debate os direitos humanos em busca da diminuição de vulnerabilidades das mais variadas espécies. Assim, apresenta-se como objeto de estudo a análise da injustiça agravada pela questão climática que, na contemporaneidade, implica violação de um rol de garantias previsto no texto constitucional pátrio. Nesse sentido, o objetivo principal deste artigo é apontar  como a justiça climática evita o fomento de desigualdades. Para isso, partimos de conceitos caros ao debate da justiça no país, como violência, desigualdade e garantias de direitos.
A Pobreza como Fundamento para Condenar o Estado Brasileiro no Sistema Interamericano de Proteção dos Direitos Humanos
Authors: Piovesan Flávia , Magnani Nathercia
Published: February 2023

A desigualdade social é um dos desafios estruturais que atravessam a América Latina (e, por consequência o Brasil). A pobreza no continente (e no Estado brasileiro) é multidimensional e afeta diretamente a dignidade humana dos atingidos, sendo um óbice à concretização dos direitos humanos na região. Adotada a perspectiva multinível, A Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (ou, simplesmente, Corte IDH) é um dos atores que atuam na salvaguarda das vítimas das grandes violações de direitos nos países latino-americanos e caribenhos que tenham adotado sua jurisdição. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de pesquisa que olhou para todos os casos que o Brasil já foi condenado na Corte IDH com o intuito de descobrir se em algum/alguns dele/deles a pobreza esteve presente na argumentação condenatória. Utilizou-se a análise documental das decisões como metodologia de pesquisa. O resultado da análise apontou, entre outras coisas, para um baixo número de casos em que a Corte IDH considerou a pobreza da(s) vítima(s) como fator de vulnerabilidade e responsabilidade do Estado e, ainda, que, para o Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos (ou, simplesmente, SIDH) a pobreza é parte integrante do direito à antidiscriminação. A análise crítica dos resultados está esmiuçada mais detidamente nas conclusões do trabalho.
Pobreza Multidimensional e Encarceramento Feminino:
Authors: Andrade Denise Almeida de , Bertolin Patrícia Tuma Martins , Bessa Leandro Sousa
Published: February 2023

A pobreza é uma mazela social e econômica recorrente na história do Brasil e temos avançado, especialmente, nas últimas décadas na compreensão da pobreza como uma realidade multidimensional. A partir disso, buscamos estabelecer um fio condutor que demonstra a relação entre pobreza multidimensional, feminização da pobreza e aumento do encarceramento feminino no Brasil.  Objetivamos demonstrar que apenas rompendo com o paradigma da subalternização das mulheres é possível superar a pobreza multidimensional no País. Para tanto, realizamos revisão de literatura atual e especializada e analisamos dados sobre o mercado de trabalho e salário à luz da realidade das mulheres.Percebemos que o aumento do encarceramento feminino diálogo inexoravelmente com esse cenário de subjugação histórica e que a política antidrogas submete as mulheres a penas que ultrapassam o encarceramento.
Pobreza e o Exercício da Maternidade:
Authors: Dantas Germano Gomes Janaína
Published: February 2023

O presente artigo busca aproximar dados empíricos obtidos em duas pesquisas distintas, para ilustrar a potencialidade de se pensar, no contexto de processos judiciais, as perspectivas consensuais acerca da pobreza. Utilizando o material obtido no contexto de uma pesquisa coletiva sobre pobreza multidimensional, restituiu-se o conteúdo de um grupo focal de mulheres vivendo em alta vulnerabilidade em um centro de acolhida especializado. A partir de um dos processos analisados sede de doutorado, descreve-se de maneira sintética o processo, destacando-se informações que apontam, da perspectiva do poder judiciário, como a pobreza e privação material da família inviabilizaria o cuidado da criança recém-nascida, posteriormente destituída do poder familiar.  As famílias pobres, desde sua própria experiência, não se consideram pobres a ponto de colocar as crianças em risco, e reivindicam a permanência da família conjuntamente. O poder judiciário, por sua vez, produz autos que indicam que há requisitos mínimos que vão além daquilo que as famílias possuem ou oferecem, justificando a separação em nome do bem estar da criança. Por meio destes materiais, reflete-se a partir do arcabouço teórico metodológico da abordagem consensual da pobreza, sobre como os elementos que definem “pobreza”, em diferentes contextos, são centrais para a atuação do Estado. Neste caso em concreto, podem acarretar em decisões complexas e irrevogáveis, como a separação definitiva entre mães e filhos.
Democracia constitucional e direitos humanos na transição argentina.
Authors: Olivares Nicolás Emanuel
Published: February 2023

Este artigo tem três objetivos específicos. Primeiro, explicar o contexto, o clima e o acompanhamento intelectual do governo democrático de transição argentino de 1983-1989. Em segundo lugar, reconstruir sinteticamente e de forma precisa, as teorizações feitas sobre os termos democracia constitucional e direitos humanos pelos filósofos políticos C. S. Nino e O. M. Fiss. Em terceiro lugar, explicitar a influência desse contexto sobre essas teorizações, dando conta: a) da abordagem feita por C. S. Nino a uma teoria normativa não ideal e a um liberalismo amplo com notórios elementos republicanos; e b) a passagem de O. M. Fiss de seu conceito de direitos humanos como meros padrões jurídicos positivos para o de ideais sociais, bem como a mitigação de suas objeções à Escola Crítica de Direito e sua correlativa abordagem a um certo republicanismo cívico.
Avances en las prácticas de igualdad de género en organizaciones de América Latina. Revisión de literatura
Authors: Orcasita Pineda Linda Teresa , Yoshioka Ana Milena , Alonso Adriana Maria , Heller Lidia Inés , Grandjean Solange , Paludi Mariana , Gomez Sejnaui Valentina
Published: February 2023

El objetivo de este artículo de revisión consiste en abordar los diferentes avances en las prácticas de igualdad de género en organizaciones de tres países latinoamericanos. Se resalta el valor de los programas o iniciativas de igualdad de género que posicionan el compromiso de las organizaciones con los derechos humanos, el trabajo decente y la justicia social. Sin embargo, existen desafíos dentro de la cultura organizacional en la implementación, monitoreo y evaluación de dichos programas. Se enfatiza en la importancia de realizar una comprensión multidimensional y anclaje entre los procesos individuales, prácticas organizacionales y cultura organizacional para eliminar normas discriminatorias y prácticas excluyentes generadas por diversos sesgos de género que se reproducen en las organizaciones en temas de conciliación trabajo-familia, liderazgo, carga laboral, remuneración y educación sobre género.
Transabdominal ultrasonography for confirmation of accurate percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement: analysis of patient- and procedure-related complications
Authors: Wildner Dane , Pfeifer Lukas , Vitali Francesco , Neurath Markus Friedrich , Albrecht Heinz
Published: February 2023

Aims: Technique-related factors, patient-related factors, and localization determine the risk for complications in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement. The objective of this study was to identify patient characteristics and ultrasonographic parameters after PEG tube placement concerning localization, which correlate with complications.Material and methods: Patients undergoing PEG-tube placement were examined by abdominal ultrasound after dismissal from the endoscopic recovery room. Patient demographics, PEG characteristics, ultrasonographic parameters and complications were retrospectively analyzed.Results: Of 64 enrolled patients, 59.4% were male and the mean age was 62.3 years. A significant negative correlation between complications at PEG placement and Body-Mass-Index (BMI; kg/m2) was observed (Spearman’s Rho: -0.382; p=0.002). A low BMI <18 tended to be more frequent in the group with complication-related PEG removal compared to patients without (18.2% vs. 1.9%). Further descriptive analysis revealed that 4 patients (36.4% of N=11) with and 5 patients (9.4% of N=53) without PEG removal due to complications already had complications at the time of PEG placement. Of the patients with complications during follow-up, those with a peritoneal course (N=10) in ultrasound tended to have a lower BMI (mean ± standard deviation: 22.5±6.5 vs. 26.8±5.9) compared to those without (N=5). In all 4 patients with a triad of follow-up complications, peritoneal course, and complications at PEG placement, the tube was removed due to complications.Conclusions: Post-PEG-placement ultrasonography can help to determine complications in specific procedure-related conditions. A low BMI was found to be a relevant predictor of PEG-related complications, substantiating the need for early intervention in potentially PEG-relevant indications.
Liver fat quantification. What is the purpose?
Authors: Sporea Ioan
Published: February 2023

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Managing sources of error during pandemics
Authors: Cauchemez Simon , Bosetti Paolo , Cowling Benjamin J.
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted important considerations for modeling future pandemics
One carbon—four new bonds
Authors: Nakano Yuji , Lupton David W.
Published: February 2023

Stable carbenes deliver a carbon atom to simple amides, producing a range of cyclic compounds
Arid lands, imperial ambitions
Arid Empire: The Entangled Fates of Arizona and Arabia
Natalie Koch
Verso, 2023. 208 pp.
Authors: Karimi Pamela
Published: February 2023

Desert knowledge exchange cloaked imperial goals, argues a political geographer
In Science Journals
Authors: Smith H. Jesse , Yeston Jake , Stern Peter , Ray L. Bryan , Wong Wei , Grocholski Brent , Erwin Douglas H. , Lavine Marc S. , Alderton Gemma , Hines Pamela J. , Smith Orla M. , Olingy Claire
Published: February 2023

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
Protein decoys may battle COVID-19 and more
Authors: Service Robert F.
Published: February 2023

Drugs designed to resemble viruses’ cellular targets move into clinical trials
Neanderthals lived in groups big enough to eat giant elephants
Authors: Curry Andrew
Published: February 2023

Meat from the butchered beasts would have fed hundreds
Clinical Metagenomics for Infectious Diseases: Progress toward Operational Value
Authors: Gaston David C.
Published: February 2023

The field of clinical metagenomics for infectious disease diagnostics has advanced to combining questions of technical methodologies with best-use practices due to lowering barriers of implementation. This commentary identifies challenges facing further development of the field and proposes methods for advancement by highlighting a recent prospective pilot study evaluating a targeted metagenomic approach for infectious endocarditis.
Drug Screening for Hepatitis A Virus (HAV): Nicotinamide Inhibits c-Jun Expression and HAV Replication
Authors: Sasaki-Tanaka Reina , Masuzaki Ryota , Okamoto Hiroaki , Shibata Toshikatsu , Moriyama Mitsuhiko , Kogure Hirofumi , Kanda Tatsuo
Published: February 2023

Drug screening methods targeting HAV IRES-mediated translation with reporter assays are attractive and useful for drug repurposing. Nicotinamide (vitamin B3, niacin) has been shown to effectively inhibit HAV replication.
Draft Genome Sequence of Weizmannia coagulans MB BCM9, a Stable Spore-Forming Probiotic
Authors: Kaushik Gaurav , Patel Mruduka
Published: February 2023

Weizmannia coagulans
MB BCM9 (MTCC 25157) is a safe probiotic strain. Here, we announce a fully assembled draft genome sequence consisting of 3,450,803 bp, with 139 contigs. A total of 3,377 protein-coding genes, 15 rRNAs, 80 tRNAs, 5 noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), and 107 pseudogenes were identified from this assembly.
Metagenomic Analysis of the Abundance and Composition of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Hospital Wastewater in Benin, Burkina Faso, and Finland
Authors: Markkanen Melina A. , Haukka Kaisa , Pärnänen Katariina M. M. , Dougnon Victorien Tamegnon , Bonkoungou Isidore Juste O. , Garba Zakaria , Tinto Halidou , Sarekoski Anniina , Karkman Antti , Kantele Anu , Virta Marko P. J.
Published: February 2023

The global emergence and increased spread of antibiotic resistance threaten the effectiveness of antibiotics and, thus, the health of the entire population. Therefore, understanding the resistomes in different geographical locations is crucial in the global fight against the antibiotic resistance crisis.
Supplemental Material: Early Cretaceous (late Barremian–Early Albian) expanding aeolian activity in East Asia: Evidence from the stratigraphic evolution of aeolian deposition in the Baiyin-Jingyuan Basin, northern China
Authors: Wang Fei , et al.
Published: February 2023

Field photos of three sections, a–a′, b–b′, c–c′, of Hekou Group in the 8 Baiyin-Jingyuan Basin.
Cavernous sinus and jugular thromboses, base of skull osteomyelitis and cranial nerve palsies: catastrophic complications of sphenoid sinusitis
Authors: Jih Wen-An , Shukla Tej , Gillespie Jennifer , Chapman Paul Robert
Published: February 2023

Sphenoid sinusitis is a clinically important entity as it may be associated with catastrophic complications including cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST), cerebral abscess or infarction, meningitis, base of skull osteomyelitis and cranial nerve palsies. We report a case of occult sphenoid sinusitis presenting asStreptococcus intermediusbacteraemia, bilateral jugular vein and CST, cranial nerve palsy and base of skull osteomyelitis.
A hybrid model to simulate the trench effect on the fatigue analysis of steel catenary risers in the touchdown zone
Authors: Janbazi Hossein , Shiri Hodjat
Published: February 2023

The gradual trench formation of steel catenary risers (SCRs) in the touchdown zone is known to significantly affect the SCR’s fatigue life. However, there is still no coherent agreement among researchers on the beneficial or detrimental effects of the trench on fatigue. Recent studies have shown that a potential source of contradictory fatigue results could be the methodology to incorporate the trench in the numerical simulations. Since the predefined mathematical trench profiles create non-realistic contact pressure hot spots in the seabed, and the nonlinear hysteretic seabed interaction models may cause premature trench stabilization, both methods distort the damage distribution. To resolve these problems, a new model called the Hybrid Trench Model (HTM) has been developed in this study by combining the linear soil stiffness and nonlinear hysteretic seabed interaction model. This hybrid model provides an equivalent stiffness distribution in the touchdown zone to simulate the trench profile obtained from a nonlinear riser–seabed interaction model. HTM’s capability in developing deep trenches, e.g., 5D, was examined along with perfect compatibility with the natural catenary shape of the riser, exhibiting the reliability of this method to incorporate the trench effect into the fatigue analysis.
Status and developments of target production for research on heavy and superheavy nuclei and elements
Authors: Lommel Bettina , Düllmann Christoph E. , Kindler Birgit , Renisch Dennis
Published: February 2023

We give an overview of the special challenges regarding target development and production for accelerator-based heavy and superheavy-nuclei experiments in the past and perspectives for the future. Production of ever heavier elements, studies of heavy-element production in fusion or transfer reactions, spectroscopic investigations on their nuclear structure and decay and on the fission processes with fragment analyses, laser spectroscopic studies of their atomic structure, high-precision mass measurements as well as chemical studies are lively fields of current science. The ever-increasing beam intensities, feasible with new accelerator development, are crucial for the synthesis of superheavy elements because of the low cross sections for many of the reactions. Therefore, the development of target and backing materials with higher durability and experiment lifetime is increasingly important. Here we concentrate on the techniques necessary for the production of targets that are needed for experiments in this special field of interest. For the future, also development on target monitoring, target cooling, and beam intensity profile shaping techniques will play an important role, but are not in the focus of this article.
The Quantum Mechanics Canonically Associated to Free Probability II: The Normal and Inverse Normal Order Problem
Authors: Accardi Luigi , Hamdi Tarek , Lu Yun Gang
Published: February 2023

In the first part of the present paper, we have proved that, in order to find an explicit expression for the action, on the [Formula: see text]-orthogonal polynomials, of the 1-parameter unitary groups [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], the solution of the inverse normal order problem on the quantum algebra canonically associated to the classical semi-circle random variable is required. In this paper we solve this problem. The solution is obtained in two steps. First we determine the explicit form of normal order in the more general framework of [Formula: see text]-mode-type interacting Fock spaces. Then this result is applied to solve the inverse normal order problem in the semi-circle case.