Generation of One-dimensional High-order Hermite-Gaussian Laser Beams with Large Mode Volume
Authors: Zhou Wang-Zhe  , Li Xue-Peng  , Yang Jing  , Yang Tian-Li  , Wang Xiao-Jun  , Liu Bing-Jie  , Wang Hao-Zhu  , Yang Jun-Bo  , Peng Qin-Jun  ,   1. Key Laboratory of Solid State Laser, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;,   2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;,   3. College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China;,   4. Institute of Optical Physics and Engineering Technology, Qilu Zhongke, Jinan 250000, China
Published: September 2022

Hermite-Gaussian (HG) beams have many important applications in the optical frontier,and the limited output power of the high-purity HG beams is partly due to the small gain volume of the mode.The commonly used off-axis end-pumped scheme offers a narrow gain volume whose diameter is about a hundred microns.In this paper,a new method for generation of HG beams based on a slab resonator that has a large mode volume is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.According to the optical resonator theory,the intra-cavity modes in thickness and width direction of the slab resonator are restricted by inserting two size-adjustable apertures,respectively.The one-dimensional HG beam generation is mainly guaranteed by the size of the aperture along the thickness direction of the slab,which matches the diameter of the fundamental mode.The different order one-dimensional HG beams are obtained by refined intra-cavity mode modulation.Since the higher-order modes are less sensitive to the misalignment of the cavity mirror than the lower-order modes,the manipulation of the modes-loss at different orders is achieved by combining the tilt control of the coupled output mirror and the size control of intra-cavity apertures.Through the adjustment of the optical gain and loss in the resonator,the single mode wins out in the laser modes competition.Consequently,high-purity one-dimensional HG beams with orders 0 to 9(HG<sub>00</sub> to HG<sub>09</sub>) are generated.The pump module is comprised of a two-dimensional laser diode array which offers face-pumping to the large surface of the slab,therefore the width of the mode volume is extended to several millimeters.By further incorporating the 100mm-level length slab,the total gain volume is much larger than the off-axis pumping scheme.In this paper,the output power of the highest order HG<sub>09</sub> mode is up to 244 mW.Due to the large gain volume and uniform gain distribution brought by the face-pumped slab,the purity of high order HG modes is quite good.The correlation coefficient ρ between the measured intensity distribution and the theoretical value is larger than 0.95.The beam quality factor ρ is also in good agreement with the theory.Finally,a conversion from Hermite-Gaussian beams to the donut-shaped Laguerre-Gaussian beams is realized by using an astigmatic mode converter.Hopefully,power scaling of the HG beam output is also expected by employing cascaded slab amplifiers,and the approach in this paper provides a novel solution for generation of high power HG beams.