bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contextualization of Mustahik fii Sabilillah at BAZNAS East Java Province
Authors: Naf'an Abdul Wahab
Published: October 2023

fii sabilillah is one of the criteria for mustahik zakat. In several regions in Indonesia, mustahik fii sabilillah is an active incidental mustahik and ranks third in priority mustahik. However, in the modern context, who is called fii sabilillah is ambiguous and has multiple interpretations. This is because fii sabillah contains a general meaning and changes the context of the past to the present. Therefore, this research seeks to reveal the contextual meaning of the definition of fii sabillah as applied at the BAZNAS East Java Province zakat institution, Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Apart from that, this research also reveals the relevance and analysis of ijtihadiyah used by these zakat institutions. Research data was explored qualitatively to produce in-depth data in a natural social setting. Apart from interviews, Data mining is complemented by documentation studies. Interviews were conducted with the Director, Distribution Division and several other officials at BAZNAS East Java Province. The findings are: From the results of the discussion above, two important things can be concluded in this research, ar: first, the contextualization of fii sabilillah as mustahik is categorized into three typologies; 1) typology of people who fight in the way of Allah to uphold the Islamic religion; 2) typology of people who spread Islam through da'wah; 3) typology of people who study religion and teach it. Second, analysis of contemporary interpretation shows that the contextualization carried out by BAZNAS East Java Province has similarities and relations to legal objectives. The fii sabilillah paradigm is given for the general benefit, not for individuals in need.
OBTAINING ANTIOXIDANTS FROM FOOD INDUSTRY WASTE AND THEIR USE IN FATS
Authors: Demydova A. , Molchenko S. , Berezka T. , Piven O. , Chumak O. , Аksonova O.
Published: October 2023

The food industry generates a large amount of waste and by-products of processing, which becomes a problem for the environment. Potato and onion peel, tomato seeds and peel are agro-industrial wastes of the world's main vegetable crops. However, the potential for antioxidants from them is not yet fully known. In this work, the influence of extracts obtained from these wastes on the process of inhibition of the rate of oxidation of sunflower oil was studied. Regression equations describing the process of extraction of biologically active substances from crop production waste as a result of water-ethanol extraction at a temperature of 60°C were obtained. It was established that the optimum concentration of ethanol in the water-ethanol mixture of extractants is in the range of 70–80%. Increasing the extraction time has a positive effect on the yield of extractive substances (at an interval of 2–15 hours). The kinetics of oxidation of sunflower oil by the accelerated method was studied and the antioxidant activity of the obtained antioxidants was determined, which is: for onion peel 2.29 (ie at a concentration of antioxidant 200 mg/kg oil the induction period of sunflower oil oxidation is more than doubled). For potato peels, this figure is 3.17, and for tomato peels – 1.85. All antioxidants obtained from plant waste were no less effective than butylhydroxyanisole (antioxidant activity – 1.93). The effectiveness of antioxidants varied as follows: onion peel > potato peel > butylhydroxyanisole > tomato residues. The expediency of using ascorbic acid in the course of water-alcohol extraction of antioxidants from vegetable raw materials has been proven. It has a positive effect on increasing the output of antioxidants and on extending the induction period of sunflower oil as a result of its own antioxidant properties. The existence of a synergistic effect between ascorbic acid and substances extracted from potato, onion and tomato peel has been proven, which in numerical value is 163, 126, and 180%, respectively.
RESEARCH OF HARD CHEESE RIPENING REGIMES AS A FUNCTION OF THE COMPOSITION OF BACTERIAL STARTER CULTURES
Authors: Shulga N. , Bovkun A. , Naumenko О.
Published: October 2023

The ripening of cheese, caused by the combined effect of the fermentative enzyme and microflora of the bacterial starter, occurs in certain intervals of temperature, humidity and acidity of the environment which depend on the type of cheese. The composition of bacterial starters for hard cheese is important for formation of the finished product properties and affects the choice of technological regimes. Even minor changes in ripening conditions can significantly affect the microbiological, physicochemical, biochemical parameters, organoleptic properties, and safety of the target product. The aim of the investigation was to study the influence of ripening temperature regimes on the physicochemical, biochemical and organoleptic characteristics of hard cheeses with a low temperature of the second heating aged 30 days, produced using different compositions of bacterial starters. It was shown that the inclusion of lactobacilli Lactobacillus casei in the composition of the bacterial starter "Active" makes it possible to intensify proteolysis, and the using of aroma-forming lactic acid bacteria Leuconostoc mesenteroides in the starter culture "Active-LN" has a positive effect on the formation of the taste-aromatic composition and texture of the cheese. Changes in the microbiological parameters of cheeses at different stages of production were monitored and the sanitary and hygienic properties of the finished products were evaluated. It was established that cheeses produced both with the use of starter cultures "Active" and "Active-LN" had been ripened best at a temperature of 12–13°C. The products had a good taste and aroma with distinctive features of each type of cheese microbiota, a plastic consistency and a pattern with correctly shaped eyes, larger in cheese with "Aktiv-LN". Thus, the temperature 12–13°С and humidity 75–85% are adequate for the ripening of these cheeses and ensure the formation of a specific taste and aromatic composition of the products and the required level of maturation during 30 days.
Population of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and yield in tomato using various \bio agents under pot culture conditions
Authors: Senthilkumar P.
Published: October 2023

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important vegetable which has a great economic importance and also has a high processing value. Tomatoes are susceptible to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) leading to a great economic loss. The life cycle of root-knot nematode takes about 25 days to complete. Second stage juveniles J2 initiate infection in the host. Root-knot nematodes constitute a major group of plant-parasitic nematodes causing extensive economic damage ton early all crop plants of economic importance in both tropical and sub-tropical crop production regions all over the world (Sikora and Fernandez, 2005). The efficacy of different bioagents like Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis, Pochoniachlamy disporia, Purpureocillium lilacinum against Meloidogyn eincognita was estimated under four replications and assessment of plant morphometric characters and root knot index under pot culture conditions has been recorded. All the four bioagents were tested in vitro to study their efficacy against Meloidogyne incognita. Among all the bioagents tested, Purpureocillium lilacinum treatment showed significant increase in root length and shoot length (40.20cm and 76.20cm, respectively) and the untreated control plants recorded the least roo tlength and shoot length (19.11cm and 21.30cm). All the treatments were found to reduce nematode population in roots and highest reduction was noticed in Purpureocillium lilacinum treated plants (178.50 and 141.20) soil (250g) and root (5g), respectively. The untreated plants recorded the highest nematode population of 1314.14 and 1411.20 in soil (250g) and root (5g), respectively. Significant reduction in root knot index (1.2) were observed in the treatment Purpureocillium lilacinum and Carbofuran which recorded (2.0 ) per cent. The untreated control plant roots showed root knot index of 5.00 per cent.
Impact of mechanization on rice fallow pulses in cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Angles S. , Jahanmohan K.R.
Published: October 2023

The rice fallow pulses crop is one of the major crop in Thanjavur District of Tamil Nadu state, in recent years the area under rice fallow pulses are dwindling due to use of heavy machinery like combine harvesters and tractor mounted balers. Hence, this study was conducted with an objective to assess the impact of mechanization on the rice fallow pulse and to quantify the economic loss due to non-cultivation of rice fallow pulses. Multistage Stratified Random Sampling method was employed for drawing the 100 numbers of samples farm households from Kumbakonam and Orathanadu blocks of Thanjavur district.Among the various consequences, season skipping was the main consequence of heavy machinery usage in rice farming on pulses cultivation in both the study blocks. The reduction in yield of fallow pulses to the tune of more than 50 per cent was felt as the major impact of mechanization in rice farming. Farmers in both the study blocks have cited that the reduction in yield was the major impact which was due to sub optimal plant population due to use of combine harvesters and tractor mounted balers. Non-availability of labour and associated higher cost for labourers was the prime for preference of heavy machineries like combine harvesters and balers in rice farming. It is suggested for development of paddy harvesters specifically for the regions where rice fallow pulses were practices, promotion of irrigated pulses in alternate season and to extend the price incentive which would incentivize the farmers to bring more area under pulses crops.
Studies on viral diseases of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) with reference to their eco-friendly management in Eastern U.P.
Authors: Pandey Ajay Kumar , Yadav Drinkal , Kumar Vipin , Kumar Ravindra
Published: October 2023

In the northern regions of India, throughout the warm season and the rainy season, one of the most significant cucurbitaceous vegetable crops that is cultivated is the bitter gourd, which is scientifically known as (Momordica charantia L). It is cultivated all over the world, both in tropical and subtropical regions, and possesses a large genetic variety. However, “the crop is affected by a number of diseases, including anthracnose, powdery mildew, downy mildew, Cercospora leaf spot, Alternaria leaf blight, and anthracnose leaf spot. Of these diseases, the leaf spot caused by Alternaria spp. is found to cause serious losses throughout Uttar pradesh and other states”. Other diseases include powdery mildew, downy mildew, and powdery mildew. The survey was carried out during the vegetative stage and the fruiting stage of the crop during both the kharif and the rabi seasons by visually inspecting the plants in each field in a “W” pattern. These crop growth stages occur throughout a single cropping season (crossing the rows). According to the findings of the study, the occurrence “of whiteflies and viral illnesses in bitter gourd was seen in all of the investigated areas with varying levels of damage and vulnerability. This was the case in all of the locations”.
Effect of irrigation schedules and drought tolerance varieties on productivity and profitability of sugarcane
Authors: Meena Harphool , Meena R. K. , Manoj  , Yadav R. K. , Yadav S. L. , Bairwa R. K.
Published: October 2023

An experiment conducted at Agricultural Research Station-Ummedganj, Kota (Rajasthan) during 2020-21 and 2021-22 on sugarcane. The experiment consisted twelve treatment combinations of two irrigation schedules viz. (IW/CPE ratio 1.0 and 0.3) and six sugarcane varieties (CoPk 5191, CoLk 14201 & CoLk 11203 early maturing and Co 05011, Co 09022 and CoLk11206 mid late maturing) were under taken in strip plot design with four replications. Results showed that the maximum brix content (20.42 and 23.15 %), sucrose content (17.77 and 20.50 %) and CCS yield (10.83 and 12.54 t/ha) at 10- and 12-months crop were recorded in the pooled analysis under application of irrigation at IW/CPE ratio 1.0 over application of irrigation at IW/CPE ratio 0.3. Pooled data of two years showed that the significantly higher cane yield (86.16 t/ha), net return (Rs. 145524.00/ha) and B: C ratio (2.26) was recorded with application of irrigation at IW/CPE ratio 1.0 as compared to application of irrigation at IW/CPE ratio 0.3 in sugarcane. Two years pooled data showed that the early maturing variety of CoPk 05191 was found better in respect to brix content (20.33 and 22.58 %), sucrose content (17.62 and 20.62 %) and CCS yield (10.75 and 12.40 t/ha) at 10- and 12-month crop and mid late maturing variety of Co 05011 brix content (20.52 and 22.48 %), sucrose content (17.55 and 20.37 %) and CCS yield (10.65 and 12.30 t/ha) at 10- and 12-month crop as compared to remaining sugarcane varieties. The maximum cane yield (87.61 and 86.75 t/ha), net returns (Rs. 153790.00 and Rs. 153940.00 /ha) and B:C ratio (2.33 and 2.29) was recorded with sowing of of early maturing variety CoPk 05191 mid late maturing variety of Co 05011 over rest of the sugarcane varieties.
A comprehensive study on natural farming practices - Adoption and impact on crop yield and farmer’s income
Authors: Rao D. Uma Maheswara , Rao K. Tejeswara , Kumar P. B. Pradeep , Rao P. V. K. Jagannadha
Published: October 2023

Natural farming, also known as Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF), has gained significant attention and debate among agricultural scientists, government officials, farmers, and various other groups involved in agriculture in India. There are two contrasting perspectives on this topic, with some scientists dismissing the philosophy of Natural Farming while proponents claim it to be a solution for the challenges faced by Indian agriculture, particularly for smallholder farmers. This study aims to address critical questions and gaps related to Natural Farming by investigating farmers’ perceptions, the components of natural farming practices they follow, input use patterns, benefit-cost ratios, constraints in adoption, and suggestions for improvement. The study conducted with 150 farmers from Anakapalle and Visakhapatnam districts aimed to investigate the perceptions, components, input use patterns, constraints, and suggestions related to Natural Farming. The findings revealed that most of the farmers were middle-aged (65.34%) with secondary education (50.67%) and significant farming experience (20.00% above 30 years). The farmers perceived Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) as agriculture without external inputs and labour (94.67%), acknowledging its role in conserving beneficial insects (93.34%) and soil fertility (92.00%). Jeevamrutham (92.00%) and crop rotation (90.67%) were the most widely adopted components of ZBNF. When comparing costs and returns, ZBNF paddy and sugarcane farmers incurred 18.55% and 19.56% less expenditure, respectively, compared to non-ZBNF farmers. However, net profits were lower for ZBNF farmers. The constraints in adopting ZBNF practices included chemically contaminated neighbouring fields (58.92%), the absence of specific prices for organic products (36.14%), difficulty in convincing family members (56.40%), and the lengthy transition period (45.23%). These insights shed light on the status and challenges faced by farmers in implementing Natural Farming practices. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into farmers’ perceptions, adoption of natural farming practices, costs and returns, and constraints faced in the adoption of ZBNF. These findings can inform policymakers, researchers, and farmers themselves in further developing and promoting sustainable agricultural practices in India.
Assessment on population of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and yield in brinjal using various bio agents under pot culture conditions
Authors: Senthilkumar P.
Published: October 2023

Brinjal (Solanum melongena) is one of the most important vegetables which has a great economic importance and also has a high processing value. Brinjals are susceptible to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) leading to a great economic loss. The life cycle of root-knot nematode takes about 25 days to complete. Second stage juveniles J2 initiate infection in the host.Root-knot nematodes constitute a major group of plant-parasitic nematodes causing extensive economic damage to nearly all crop plants of economic importance in both tropical and subtropical crop production regions all over the world (Sikora and Fernandez 2005). The efficacy of different bioagents like Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis, Pochoniac, hlamydosporia, Purpureocillium lilacinum against Meloidogyne incognita was estimated under four replications and assessment of plant morpho metric characters and root knot index under pot culture conditions has been recorded. All the four bio agents were tested in vitro to study their efficacy against Meloidogyne incognita. Among all the bioagents tested, Purpureocillium lilacinum treatment showed significant increase in root length and shoot length (35.11cm and 59.11cm, respectively) and the untreated control plants recorded the least root length and shoot length (12.02 cm and 15.12cm). All the treatments were found to reduce nematode population in roots and highest reduction was noticed in Purpureocillium lilacinum treated plants (161.11 and 138.10) soil (250g) and root (5g), respectively. The untreated plants recorded the highest nematode population of 1129.11 and 1259.20 in soil (250g) and root (5g) respectively. Singnificant reductionin root knot index (1.0) were observed in the treatment Purpureocillium lilacinum and Carbofuran which recorded (2.2 ) per cent. The untreated control plant roots showed a root knot index of 5.00 per cent.
Performance evaluation of solar tunnel dryer and electric tray dryer for drying date palm fruit (Pheonix dactylifera L.) in arid region of Rajasthan
Authors: Gaur Dhairya , Singh Vijay Raj , Gaur J. K.
Published: October 2023

Date palm (P. dactylifera, L.) is an important fruit of arid and semi-arid regions.In Western Rajasthan the dates are harvested in the month of July-August but preferred to eat during winter months, so it becomes necessary to dry and store the fruits at least for 4 to 6 months. The use of an appropriate temperature for drying of dates is quite crucial as a higher temperature may encourage case hardening, caramelization and a higher hygroscopicity; whereas a lower temperature would be insufficient to remove significant moisture leading to a clumpy powder. Farmers generally dry the dates in open sun. This traditional uncontrolled drying method is unhygienic and required more time, also weather dependent, so alternate economical methods are being tested in the region by the scientists and the farmers for drying of dates in the form of Pind. The paper deals with the performance of solar tunnel dryer and electric tray dryer installed at the farmer’s field in Bikaner district of Rajasthan. The results reveal the drying time of Medjool date palm fruits in solar tunnel dryer and electric tray dryer.
Leucania putrescens (Hübner, [1824]), a new member of the fauna of Hungary (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Szabóky Csaba
Published: October 2023

A female specimen of Leucania putrescens (Hübner, [1824]) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Kismaros (Pest County, Hungary) was found in the private collection of the late György Kutassy (1929–2017), representing the first record of the species from Hungary.
An Analysis of the Role of African Values, Traditions and Morals in the Interpretation of Children's Rights
Authors: Strohwald Annemarie
Published: October 2023

Both the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR) and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC) expressly provide for African values, traditions and morals. This inclusion is a unique characteristic that illustrates the regionality of these two instruments. The question of how "African values" should be understood and interpreted, however, remains somewhat unclear with the possibility of challenges arising in its interpretation and application. The article considers how African values are incorporated into the ACHPR and the ACRWC to provide an understanding of African values. The article subsequently engages in an analysis of the significance of the incorporation of African values for the interpretation of children's rights by considering both criticism and praise which have been levelled against the inclusion of African values in the ACRWC and ACHPR. This analysis will ultimately aid in determining the contribution of African values to the interpretation and possible realisation of children's rights.
Effectiveness of SNEDDS to Increased Oral Bioavailability in Antihypertension Agents: A Review
Authors: Yulianto Asep Nurrahman , Widyaningsih Wahyu , Wahyuningsih Iis
Published: October 2023

Hypertension is a disease that is well known, but the drug solubility of oral Antihypertension drugs has problems with their solubility. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the SNEDDS formulation on oral Antihypertension drugs. The research method used is a systematic literature review method with PRISMA guidelines using reputable databases namely PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. From the results of the research studies conducted, the value of the particle size in the SNEDDS preparation of oral Antihypertension drugs is in the range of 13.91–169 nm with a PDI value of ≤ 0.5, which meets the particle size requirements for SNEDDS < 200 nm, and the zeta potential indicating > ± 30 mV, an increase in AUC, Cmax, and Tmax rating in the SNEDDS preparation. This result that the application of SNEDDS to oral Antihypertension drugs is effective in increasing the bioavailability of BCS class II and IV drugs.
Forming the maxillary palatal relief on the outer palatal surface of the complete removable dentures
Authors: Bayramov Y.I.
Published: October 2023

Prosthodontic treatment of secondary complete adentia in the upper jaw with completely removable plate prothesis consists in reflecting the palatal relief on the outer surface of the upper jaw prosthesis basis. Preparation of CRPP for SCA is an arrangement of known clinical and laboratory stages.

During the prosthodontic treatment of SCA with maxillary CRPP, the following sequence was performed at the clinical and laboratory stages for the purpose of reflection of the palatal relief on the outer side of the maxillary prosthetic bases, the 2nd and 4th laboratory stages have been improved. So that:

 Replacing the wax with plastic in the composition of complete removable dentures. 4,5,6,7,8 figures of our work refer to this stage. At this stage: Figure 8-reflection of the relief of a part of the hard palate in the base plate wax added to the trial denture of a maxillary complete removable platen prosthesis. Figure 9-reflection of the relief of a part of the hard palate in the denture wax added to the trial denture of a maxillary complete removable platen prosthesis.

   The present study shows that the complete removable upper plate prosthesis (CRPP) is more functional in the prosthetic treatment of secondary complete adentia (SCA). By using CRPP on the upper jaw, unnatural disturbances in the relief of the palatine region are eliminated. It will be useful for improving other clinical and laboratory stages of preparation of maxillary CRPP.
Assessment of the Toxic Effect of Hexavalent Chromium on the Hematological Indices in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis Niloticus
Authors: Ghosh Debkanta , Saha Samir Kumar
Published: October 2023

The presence of heavy metals, which are typically released into water bodies as a result of fast industrialization, causes the aquatic environment to become extremely contaminated. Chromium is one of the most common heavy metals in the environment and is used in several types of industries. The effect of sublethal toxicity of hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) on hematological indices of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus has been analyzed following exposure of concentration 9.349 mg/L and 18.698 mg/L (10% & 20% of LC50 value) of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) as hexavalent chromium for 7, 15, 30 days. Hematological parameters are the most important indicators of fish health status. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Cr (VI) toxicity on hematological parameters in O. niloticus. The results show that hemoglobin percentage (Hb%), red blood cell (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and platelet count level were significantly (P > 0.05) decreased and the total count of white blood cell (WBC) was significantly (P > 0.05) increased with increasing time of exposure at a concentration of 9.349 mg/L of K2Cr2O7 in the test groups compared to the control group. At the concentration of 18.69 mg/L, Hb%, RBC, MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and platelet count level were significantly (P > 0.05) decreased and the total count of WBC and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) value were significantly (P > 0.05) increased with the increasing time of exposure in the test groups compared to the control group. To study the R2 value of the linear regression equation, we found that the trend of the chronic toxic effect of hexavalent chromium at 60 and 90 days of both the sublethal concentrations 9.349 mg/L and 18.69 mg/L of K2Cr2O7, where the value of Hb, RBC, packed volume cell (PCV), MCV are found to drastically decreased and the value ESR and WBC are found to drastically increased in the experimental groups compared to the control group. The investigation recommended that the presence of hexavalent chromium in the aquatic medium has a strong impact on the hematological indices in O. niloticus.
Toxicity of Elytraria Acaulis (L. F.) Lindau (Acanthaceae) to the Larvae of Vector Mosquitoes
Authors: Tennyson Samuel , Arivoli Subramanian
Published: October 2023

Synthetic pesticides, which are non-biodegradable and have detrimental effects on the environment, non-targeted organisms, and human health, are often used to control mosquitoes. This situation fostered and prompted the creation of substitutes utilizing natural products like phytoextracts and phytochemicals. The current study was set out to determine the toxicity of leaf extracts from Elytraria acaulis on the early third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus at doses of 31.5, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000mg/L at 24 and 48 hours of exposure. All extracts, with the exception of aqueous, demonstrated potent larvicidal effectiveness with 100% larval death in all the three studied vector mosquitoes after 48 hours. The ethanol extract showed the maximum larvicidal activity and 100% larval mortality in Aedes aegypti after 24 hours, and its respective LC50 values against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus were 31.98, 560.29, 603.8108mg/L and 20.43, 46.13 and 60.08mg/L after 24 and 48 hours. The treated larvae exhibited extremely restless behaviour, including wiggling, sinking, floating, slowness, paralysis, sinking to the bottom of the glass beaker, and ultimately death. Qualitative phytochemical study of Elytraria acaulis leaves revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolics, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenes, and terpenoids. The ethanolic extract GC-MS examination identified main phytocompounds, including imidazole, imidazolidinone, phytol, phytol acetate, octacosane, thymol 1-thiocarbonylimidazolide and methoxyacetic acid to determine the larvicidal mechanism of action and the cause of larval death. It is quite exciting to note, based on the results of the current investigation, that Elytraria acaulis leaf extracts, particularly ethanol extract, demonstrated good larvicidal efficacy. The present study documents the first report on the effectiveness of Elytraria acaulis ethanolic leaf extract against the larvae of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus.
Discussions on Bioethics in Socio-Philosophical and Legal Contexts
Authors: Przhilensky V. I. , Przhilenskaya Yu. G.
Published: October 2023

The paper is devoted to the interaction between philosophical, legal, biological and medical knowledge in the context of development of bioethics. Special attention is paid to the evolution of philosophical foundations of bioethics in the context of human rights. The process of drafting the text of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights posed a number of new philosophical problems to the international community, generalization of the experience of the philosophical development of the civilization becoming one of the most important. This generalization would be impossible without overcoming the multiplicity of philosophical schools, trends and approaches that accompany philosophy throughout its development. Relying on the humanistic ideals of the Renaissance and the mottos of the Enlightenment, the philosophers of the 20th century formulated the universalist model of human rights that was criticized from the standpoint of philosophical pluralism and cultural relativism. The way out was found by appealing to the philosophy of existentialism, the ideas and categorical apparatus of which formed the basis for the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights. All this made it possible to form an effective body of legal regulation of therapeutic and cognitive practices — the ethics committee that contrary to the objections of some theorists, can be considered as a permanent philosophical seminar.
Judicial Practice as a Formal Basis for Restricting Human Rights and Freedoms
Authors: Boldyrev N. A.
Published: October 2023

The paper deals with the issue of the formal grounds for restricting human rights and freedoms. Using the cases from the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the author confirms that judges’ creativity in the form of judicial decisions can restrict rights and freedoms, which means that it can be a formal basis for their restriction. The classic list of formal grounds, containing normative acts of various levels (from the federal constitutional law and the decree of the President of the Russian Federation to the resolution of the highest official of the constituent entity), is supplemented by judicial decisions. Decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the legal standings of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, including reviews of judicial practice, can separately be considered as formal grounds for restrictions of rights and freedoms, whereas the decisions of arbitrazh courts and courts of general jurisdiction separately do not act as formal grounds for restrictions, since they act in a targeted manner. They become formal grounds when judges make many decisions with the same interpretation (reading) of a legal norm that goes beyond its literal interpretation and restricts the rights and freedoms of the man and citizen. The established judicial practice concerning restriction of rights and freedoms must meet the same criteria as other formal grounds for restrictions, i.e., impose proportionate restrictions corresponding to the objectives set out in the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
The Role of the Referendum on Self-Determination in the Constitutional and Legal Mechanism for the Implementation of Democracy in Great Britain
Authors: Ponomarenko A. N.
Published: October 2023

Ten years ago, the United Kingdom was faced with a challenge related to issues of territorial integrity of the state. The paper analyzes the constitutional and legal practice related to holding referendums on selfdetermination of peoples in the Falkland Islands, Scotland and the referendum on the withdrawal of Great Britain from the European Union (Brexit). Comparative legal analysis of the referendums under consideration consists in comparing such criteria as: the prerequisites for a referendum on self-determination, the organizational and legal regulation of the referendum, political and legal consequences of the referendum. It is noted that the role of the institution of referendum in the constitutional and legal mechanism for the implementation of democracy in Great Britain occupies a special place. The use by the British Government of the institution of a referendum to legitimize the decisions on self-determination of the Falkland Islands, Scotland and on secession from the European Union made it possible to achieve the set goals, namely: the Falkland Islands and Scotland remained part of the United Kingdom; the exit from the European Union took place. Based on a binary analysis of the internal and external aspects of the right of peoples to self-determination, which implies taking into account international legal and domestic consequences in the event of the realization of this right, the most noticeable trends are highlighted.
Field testing of a disk-chisel harrow
Authors: Tarasenko Boris F. , Khav’yarimana Eric , Drobot Viktor A. , Rudnev Sergey G.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND: The present state of the global agricultural industry caused by growing consumption of crop and livestock products demands its practical solution that can be achieved, first of all, using high-quality equipment for production and its constant improvement and renovation. Regarding this, using high-quality tillage units which partially or completely improve productiveness and reduce energy consumption during their operation becomes necessary.
AIMS: Process mechanization and improvement of quality of soil cultivating with the developed refined tillage tool.
METHODS: Accomplishment of the given research tasks and ensuring the demaned quality of soil cultivating are done with making changes in working bodies of a disk-chisel harrow at its operation at various velocities on the experimental field by means of adjustment of disk attack angle and measurement of corresponding performance indicators of the unit. Processing of the theoretical data was performed with the Microsoft Excel 2007 software of the Microsoft Office software package.
RESULTS: With the comparison of the data obtained at observing the soil external state before and after disk attack angle adjustment, it may be concluded that the proposed technical equipment gives better soil cultivating with the disk attack angles of 15 and 30. At this adjustment level it can be observed that soil is cultivated properly with a pretty good overturning.
CONCLUSIONS: With the analysis of the given data, it is found that the tendency of values of productiveness and specific resistance indicators begin to change. The larges fuel consumption is observed at disk module adjustment to 45.
Economical efficiency of using a diesel-powered electric plant combined with an air heat pump
Authors: Frolov Mikhail Y. , Shatalova Irina I. , Shkarin Kirill V. , Sokolov Dmitriy A.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND: In settlements located in areas that do not have centralized electric and gas supply, the problems of energy supply are solved using low-power power plants based on heat engines. One of the main drawbacks of such units is the issue of fuel economy, given the cost of its delivery. In this paper, one of the ways to increase the efficiency of energy supply during the heating season in a cold climate is considered.
AIMS: Increasing the economical efficiency of a diesel-powered electric plant with an air heat pump in conditions of low ambient teperature.
METHODS: Simulation of operation conditions was performed in the MathCad software using the experimental data obtained at the department.
RESULTS: Heating of outside air before entering the evaporator of the heat pump makes it possible to significantly increase the conversion coefficient and thus expand the boundaries of application of air-source heat pumps in cold climates.
CONCLUSIONS:

The combined operation of the diesel power plant with the air heat pump makes it possible to provide a single settlement with electricity as well as to supply it with thermal energy for the needs of heating and hot water supply.
With the diesel engine efficiency equal to 37%, the unit efficiency with the heat pump increases to 57% at an ambient temperature of 15C (288 K).
The use of air heating at the inlet to the heat pump evaporator increases the fuel use rate by 1214% due to the heat of engine and oil cooling.
Analysis of Prevalence of Lower Extremity Varicose Vein Disease of in One of Major Regions of Central Federal District of Russian Federation Using Multi-Variant Approach
Authors: Potapov Maksim P. , Staroverov Il'ya N.
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: The majority of epidemiological studies on lower extremity varicose veins (LEVV) published to date have cross-sectional character, therefore, understanding the relationships between the disease and other epidemiological variables in them is mainly based on data analysis in a short period of time and does not take into account the influence on the main parameters of functioning national health systems. It is relevant to analyze the epidemiological parameters of LEVV in the long term, taking into account the influence of the state health system in a large region of the Russian Federation.
AIM: To identify changes in the distribution of LEVV in different territories of the Yaroslavl region (YaR) over 10 years (20112021).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of statistical parameters of the work of medical organizations of the YaR in 20112021 was conducted, namely, of the total number of attached adult population, the dynamics of the number of attached population, the total number and dynamics of the number of patients with the established diagnosis of LEVV. The weighted average value for continuous variables with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was evaluated. Heterogeneity was evaluated based on the I2 value.
RESULTS: The static weighted average value of the prevalence of LEVV in Yaroslavl at the end of the year in 20112021 was 1.040% (95% CI: 1.0311.049). When analyzing the data for 20112021, the trend for a decline in the recorded prevalence of LEVV was determined. At the end of 2021, the prevalence of LEVV in Yaroslavl declined by 0.715%, in Pereslavl district by 0.466%, in Tutaev district by 0.4%, in Rostov district by 0.392%, in Rybinsk by 0.192% with high heterogeneity of data depending on the territory and period (I2 99). Besides, during the analyzed 10 years, there occurred significant changes in approaches to surgical treatment of LEVV, such as appearance of hospital-substituting technologies that have become widely used in the territory of the YaR by non-governmental medical organizations in the vast majority of cases.
CONCLUSIONS: According to official data, the decline in the morbidity with LEVV in the studied territories of the YaR over 10 years (20112021) contradicts the published results of epidemiological studies. The information obtained, together with the high heterogeneity of statistical data for individual territories and periods, may indirectly indicate the low efficiency of the existing system of providing medical care to the population with LEVV.
Coseismic and Early Postseismic Slip of the 2021 Mw 7.2 Nippes, Haiti, Earthquake: Transpressional Rupture of a Nonplanar Dipping Fault System
Authors: Li Zhen , Wang Teng
Published: October 2023

On 14 August 2021, an Mw 7.2 earthquake struck Nippes, Haiti, 11 yr after the devastating 2010 Mw 7.0 Port-au-Prince earthquake. This earthquake occurred in a remote region where the structure at the depth of the main boundary Enriquillo Plantain Garden fault (EPGF) is less known. Using Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery, we retrieve the coseismic and early postseismic deformation of the 2021 Haiti earthquake to constrain its fault geometry and slip distribution. Our modeling results show that the 2021 earthquake ruptured the high-angle Ravine du Sud fault and a bend fault ∼64° dipping to the north at depth. Although not only conclusive, the combination of coseismic and postseismic deformation, along with geomorphic features, and relocated aftershocks, suggest a nonplanar fault structure with significant variations in dip angles along both the depth and track of the EPGF in this region. East of the epicenter, we document a 25 km section along the EPGF that crept for ∼15 days. This distribution of aseismic slip utilizing stacked deformation indicates that only a small fraction of the accumulated strain near the surface was released during the earthquake, suggesting a high potential for seismic hazard in the region along the EPGF from the ruptured segment to the east, before reaching the 2010 rupture.
Jugement de séparation et sujet de la métaphysique
Authors: Delaporte Guy-François
Published: October 2023

With this second dialogue, Salviati wants to remove Simplicio’s difficulties on the actual distinction of essence and being as well as on the notion of the act of being (actus essendi). Feeling that he had skipped stages in their first dialogue, he suggests going back to the determination of the exact subject of metaphysics according to Thomas Aquinas. He will progress in two steps: the transition from «first perceived being» to «common being» or «being as being» by a judgment of separation, and then the definition of the subject of metaphysics as «being negatively or neutrally immaterial». With this conclusion, Salviati intends to lead Simplicio to understand the autonomy of the principles of metaphysics towards philosophy of nature. Simplicio remains curious but dubious. Is not the negatively immaterial being a simple dialectical notion that Salviati would take for a metaphysical one? Is the independence of metaphysics from physics therefore also ensured? And consequently, is there actually a difference between the first perceived being and the common being, subject of metaphysics? What is, actually, the subject of metaphysics?
Participation through Actualization. Aquinas on Habit Formation
Authors: Brandt Jared
Published: October 2023

I discuss Aquinas’s view of habit—the genus to which virtue belongs. The first article in both of Aquinas’s sustained treatments of the virtues in general (STh I.II.55-67 and QDV 1) asks whether virtues are habits. Thus, Aquinas’s pedagogical strategy is to elucidate the virtues in terms of their nature as habits. Following this strategy, I explore Aquinas’s discussion of habits in Questions 49-54 of the prima secundae by tracing three important topics: the essence of habits, the cause of habits, and the increase of habits. By the end of this paper, the reader will have a strong grasp of the nature and types of habits and the different ways in which they can increase.
Responsibility for the Effects of our Actions in a Global Society: A Thomistic Approach
Authors: McFadden Jordan
Published: October 2023

As contemporary ethical discourse has highlighted, due to the world’s increasing connectedness, everyday actions can contribute to harmful consequences far removed from everyday experience. I argue that Aquinas’s treatment of consequences can give us insight into our responsibility for such effects of our actions on a global scale. In particular, Aquinas recognises that we are responsible for per accidens effects of good actions performed negligently. Even an unintended per accidens effect may follow with a degree of likelihood that makes it foreseeable, even if not actually foreseen; thus the agent is responsible if he fails to take steps to prevent the negative per accidens effect from occurring. I argue that certain global effects of our actions fit this pattern, namely, they are per accidens effects that nonetheless follow from our actions with a high degree of likelihood. Thus, we have a responsibility to take steps to prevent them.
The 700th Anniversary of the Canonization of Thomas Aquinas: A Legacy of Wisdom
Authors: Batista Ricardo Barroso , Nobre Bruno
Published: October 2023

The current year of 2023 marks the 700th anniversary of the canonization of Thomas Aquinas (1323-2023), a key figure in Western philosophy and Christian theology. This commemorative evocation seeks to honor Aquinas by examining his monumental contributions to various domains of knowledge, highlighting his methodological rigor, and outlining the enduring relevance of his work for contemporary philosophical and theological discourse.
Role of Efflux Pump Gene adeIJK to Multidrug Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates
Authors: Ji Ae Choi  , Choon-Mee Kim  , Sook-Jin Jang  , Seong-Sik Cho  , Chul Ho Jang  , Young-Jin Ko  , Seong-Ho  Kang  , Geon Park
Published: October 2023

Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) as a nosocomial pathogen is one of the major public health problems. This study aimed to evaluate the role of an efflux pump gene adeJ for the multidrug resistance of A. baumannii clinical isolates. Methods: Two groups, MDRAB and susceptible A. baumannii (SAB), of baumannii clinical isolates were studied. The SAB group consisted of strains that did not meet the criteria of MDRAB and were susceptible to more categories of antibiotics than MDRAB. Antimicrobial susceptibility results obtained by the VITEKⅡ system were used in data analysis and bacterial group allocation. We performed real-time reverse transcription PCR to determine the relative expression of adeJ. We compared the relative expression of adeJ in comparison groups by considering two viewpoints: (1) MDRAB and SAB groups,and (2) susceptible and non-susceptible groups for each antibiotic used in this study.Results: The mean value of relative expression of adeJ of MDRAB and SAB groups was 1.4 and 0.92, respectively, and showed significant differences (P = 0.002). The mean values of relative expression of adeJ of susceptible and non-susceptible groups to the antibiotics cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, tigecycline, piperacillin/tazobactam, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, piperacillin, and gentamicin showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The overexpression of adeIJK might contribute to the multi-drug resistance in A. baumannii clinical isolates. Further, the overexpression of adeIJK might be one of the factors contributing to the resistance to numerous antibiotics.
Nasal Colonization of Serine Protease esp-Positive Staphylococcus epidermidis Affecting Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Goeun Kang  , Hyun Soo Kim  , Han-Sung Kim  , Wonkeun Song  , Jae-Seok Kim
Published: October 2023

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a common colonizer of the nasal vestibule found in approximately 20%–30% of healthy adults, while Staphylococcus epidermidis appears to be the most frequent colonizer in all regions of the upper respiratory tract. Esp, a serine protease of S. epidermidis, was reported to inhibit S. aureus colonization. This study was performed to examine the nasal colonization of S. aureus and S.epidermidis and the presence of esp determinants. Methods: Nasal swab specimens from 54 patients were cultured on blood agar plates (BAP) and selective media for S. aureus for bacteria isolation. After 48 hours of incubation with BAP, three or four colonies suspected of being coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were identified by mass spectrometry. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for esp was performed on all CNS isolates identified as S. epidermidis. Results: Forty-three S.epidermidis strains were isolated from 18 (33.3%) of the 54 patients.Nine (50.0%) of the 18 patients carried S. aureus, while the other nine did not. Of the 36 S. epidermidis non-carriers, 13 (36.1%) were colonized by S. aureus. All S. epidermidis strains were confirmed by PCR to have esp determinants. Conclusion: S. epidermidis colonization did not affect S. aureus colonization in the nasal cavity. All S.epidermidis strains harbored the esp gene. There were no differences in the nasal colonization rates of S. aureus according to the presence of esp-positive S. epidermidis. Further research on the characterization of S.epidermidis in Korea is needed to understand the association between S. epidermidis and S. aureus colonization.