bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employee motivation and organisational resilience and the role of strategic HRM: renewal of a resource-based conceptual model
Authors: Haque Amlan
Published: October 2023

Purpose

It has been a tremendous challenge for organisations to navigate and survive the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper proposes a novel multi-level conceptual model, based on the resource-based view (RBV), to address the pandemic crisis and highlight the importance of strategic human resource management (SHRM) in promoting employee motivation and organisational resilience. The paper aims to provide insights and practical guidance for organisations to leverage their internal resources and capabilities to thrive in the post-pandemic landscape.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper conducted a comprehensive literature review of the existing research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, SHRM, RBV, job satisfaction, turnover intentions and organisational resilience, covering the main contributors to this research stream and their findings.

Findings

The conceptual model presented in this paper offers five testable propositions to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employee motivation and organisational resilience and how organisations can navigate challenging times through SHRM, which enables RBV. It highlights the foundational role of RBV and identifies the resources employed by SHRM as intervening constructs that significantly enhance employee outcomes, including motivation, job satisfaction, turnover intention and organisational resilience.

Practical implications

The proposed model counsels that organisations need to look beyond the straightforward application of SHRM and should enable the RBV climate to protect and uphold employee motivation and organisational resilience. Finally, measurement and analysis implications are presented for future research opportunities and managerial interventions to mitigate the impact of difficult times such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Originality/value

Currently, there is a lack of research regarding the conceptualisation of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on employee and organisational resilience. Therefore, the proposed model discusses the significance of the alignment of SHRM and RBV as a moderator of the relationships between the impact of COVID-19 pandemic, employee motivation and organisational resilience.
Appreciating failure and success to help nations unite
Authors: Bozkurt Bilgehan
Published: October 2023

Research methodology

The author employed a five-step approach: Data (e.g., qualitative primary and secondary data) collection (about a major project at the examined organisation), Critical thinking (in order to determine the dilemma), Setting learning objectives (e.g., with respect to the Bloom's taxonomy), Testing (in order to confirm the teaching plan) (e.g., with research assistants and doctoral candidates), and Ensuring clarity (e.g., especially for the case narrative).

Case overview/synopsis

The site manager at a UNESCO World Heritage Site by the name Ephesus in Türkiye (Turkey) was considering who would update the site management plan. UNESCO was regularly asking for updates. Would site management outsource the management plan from a firm? For example, the site management had had an outside firm develop the management plan and Ephesus had become a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Otherwise, would the site management rely on their own experience this time? Was there another way?

Complexity academic level

The educators could use the case study to introduce graduate students to “the value conception” in “marketing management” courses and to “the social exchange school of thought” in “marketing theory” courses. The learning objectives develop over the tension between owning and outsourcing main responsibilities of a scientific field as well as the tension between claims and objective evaluations. “The value conception” in “the social exchange school of thought” could improve planning in favour of humanity in a way that the United Nations could recognise (e.g., “value-based planning”). Corresponding discussions motivate a main question about the future: What is marketing for?
Public trust and collaborative e-governance performance: a study on government institutions and services
Authors: Pandey Jitendra Kumar
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the correlation between public trust and the performance of collaborative e-governance, with a particular emphasis on trust in government institutions as the central aspect of inquiry. It assesses how public trust influences e-governance performance through the lens of good governance principles, encompassing evaluations of trust in government services and trust in the technological infrastructure used for citizen services.

Design/methodology/approach

The research framework is based on a thorough literature review, pilot study and practical experience. An empirical survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire to collect primary data from individuals who have used specific e-governance projects. To conduct the survey, the author used the snowball sampling method both offline and online. The author analysed the data using SmartPLS Version 3 to assess the measurement and structural model.

Findings

The study rigorously examines and confirms all formulated hypotheses using robust statistical analyses. Nonetheless, the results underscore the pivotal significance of the reliability and utility of e-governance services in nurturing public trust. Furthermore, the research unveils a troubling concern pertaining to the absence of tailored responses to citizen inquiries, grievances and recommendations, indicating an area of vulnerability in the effort to cultivate public trust.

Research limitations/implications

The research has implications for managers, citizens and researchers. It focuses on public trust in interaction-based collaboration, but researchers may extend it to other forms like content-based collaboration. Policymakers can implement the findings in present and future e-governance projects. Limitations include a moderate sample size, country context, and not assessing other factors that may influence public trust in collaborative e-governance performance.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by exploring the link between good governance, public trust and collaborative e-governance performance. It focuses on projects that require physical visits to government offices, where public trust has been impacted. This study is unique because it assesses public trust in collaborative e-governance, specifically in the context of India, where there is limited prior research on this topic exists.
Going across taxa in functional ecology: Review and perspectives of an emerging field
Authors: Luza André L. , Barneche Diego R. , Cordeiro Cesar A. M. M. , Dambros Cristian S. , Ferreira Carlos E. L. , Floeter Sergio R. , Giglio Vinicius J. , Luiz Osmar J. , Mendes Thiago C. , Picolotto Vitor A. P. , Quimbayo Juan P. , Silva Fernanda C. , Waechter Luiza , Longo Guilherme O. , Bender Mariana G.
Published: October 2023

The emergence of functional ecology has changed the focus of ecological research from investigating patterns of species diversity to understanding how species traits relate to specific ecological processes generating these patterns. Traits, ecological patterns and processes can be shared and driven by species from distantly related taxonomic groups.

Crossing the boundaries among distantly related taxonomic groups is still a challenge and a critical knowledge frontier in functional ecology. A cross‐taxa approach, merging trait data across distantly related taxonomic groups, could fill this gap. In this context, functionally analogous traits, that is traits that may have distinct ontogenetic origins yet represent similar processes, comprise an important recent advance in functional ecology. However, which taxa and traits (be them analogous or not) have been used in research with multiple taxa, and whether (and how) these data have been combined, still needs to be elucidated.

We reviewed articles published in the last 75 years to investigate the use of traits in functional research involving multiple taxa. Our search returned 1006 articles, and a subset of 96 was filtered for data extraction. Studies covered a total of 134 taxa and 491 different traits; they were predominantly observational, and focussed on community ecology and ecosystem monitoring.

Our review showed that current knowledge in this field relies on a limited number of response variables, particularly taxonomic diversity (e.g. species richness and abundance within functional groups). Also, the field relies on a limited number of taxa (e.g. plants, birds and mammals) and trait types (diet, size, habitat and dispersal). Two‐thirds of the articles (n = 72) used functionally analogous traits, and one‐third of them (n = 32) employed a cross‐taxa approach.

We mapped the limitations of current research in functional ecology involving multiple taxa, presented ecological questions to a functional cross‐taxa research and showed directions to pushing the limits of this research field. Our review aimed to encourage researchers in the field of functional ecology to move beyond single taxa and traits, and to integrate more branches and dimensions of the Tree of Life in their research.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Ecosystem connectivity and configuration can mediate instability at a distance in metaecosystems
Authors: Tadiri Christina P. , Negrín Dastis Jorge O. , Cristescu Melania E. , Gonzalez Andrew , Fussmann Gregor F.
Published: October 2023

Ecosystems are connected by flows of nutrients and organisms. Changes to connectivity and nutrient enrichment may destabilise ecosystem dynamics far from the nutrient source.

We used gradostats to examine the effects of trophic connectivity (movement of consumers and producers) versus nutrient‐only connectivity on the dynamics of Daphnia pulex (consumers) and algae (resources) in two metaecosystem configurations (linear vs. dendritic).

We found that Daphnia peak population size and instability (coefficient of variation; CV) increased as distance from the nutrient input increased, but these effects were lower in metaecosystems connected by all trophic levels compared with nutrient‐only connected systems and/or in dendritic compared with linear systems.

We examined the effects of trophic connectivity (i.e. both trophic levels move rather than one or the other) using a generic model to qualitatively assess whether the expectations align with the ecosystem dynamics we observed.

Analysis of our model shows that increased Daphnia population sizes and fluctuations in consumer‐resource dynamics are expected with nutrient connectivity, with this pattern being more pronounced in linear rather than dendritic systems.

These results confirm that connectivity may propagate and even amplify instability over a metaecosystem to communities distant from the source disturbance, and suggest a direction for future experiments, that recreate conditions closer to those found in natural systems.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Assessing the contribution of bacteria to the heat tolerance of experimentally evolved coral photosymbionts
Authors: Maire Justin , Deore Pranali , Jameson Vanta J. , Sakkas Magdaline , Perez‐Gonzalez Alexis , Blackall Linda L. , van Oppen Madeleine J. H.
Published: October 2023

Coral reefs are extremely vulnerable to ocean warming, which triggers coral bleaching—the loss of endosymbiotic microalgae (Symbiodiniaceae) from coral tissues, often leading to death. To enhance coral climate resilience, the symbiont,Cladocopium proliferumwas experimentally evolved for >10 years under elevated temperatures resulting in increased heat tolerance. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding showed the composition of intra‐ and extracellular bacterial communities of heat‐evolved strains was significantly different from that of wild‐type strains, suggesting bacteria responded to elevated temperatures, and may even play a role inC. proliferumthermal tolerance. To assess whether microbiome transplantation could enhance heat tolerance of the sensitive wild‐typeC. proliferum, we transplanted bacterial communities from heat‐evolved to the wild‐type strain and subjected it to acute heat stress. Microbiome transplantation resulted in the incorporation of only 30 low‐abundance strains into the microbiome of wild‐type cultures, while the relative abundance of 14 pre‐existing strains doubled in inoculated versus uninoculated samples. Inoculation with either wild‐type or heat‐evolved bacterial communities boostedC. proliferumgrowth, although no difference in heat tolerance was observed between the two inoculation treatments. This study provides evidence that Symbiodiniaceae‐associated bacterial communities respond to heat selection and may contribute to coral adaptation to climate change.
The superiority of bioimpedance vs. echocardiography and pitting edema in predicting automated office blood pressure in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Nekooeian Mohammad , Roozbeh Jamshid , Ezzatzadegan Jahromi Shahrokh , Moaref Alireza , Masjedi Fatemeh
Published: October 2023

Introduction

To achieve optimal blood pressure control in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, identifying methods of volume assessment with the strongest correlation with blood pressure is essential.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, 52 CAPD patients were assigned to automated office blood pressure (AOBP) measurement, assessment of pedal pitting edema, bioimpedance analysis (BIA), and inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVCCI%) measurement. Data were analyzed using STATA ver.17, and the significance level was p < 0.05.

Results

Fifty‐two patients were divided based on their AOBP readings. 29 (55.8%) of patients had uncontrolled AOBP. Overhydration (OH) and the grade of pitting edema were significantly higher in the uncontrolled AOBP group. OH was identified as the best variable for predicting blood pressure (p ≤ 0.001) and detecting uncontrolled blood pressure (AUC = 0.832) using multivariate linear regression and ROC analysis, respectively.

Conclusion

BIA‐derived OH was the best variable for predicting systolic and diastolic AOBP, outperforming IVCCI% and pitting edema.
At Any Cost: How Ukrainians Think about Self‐Defense Against Russia
Authors: Dill Janina , Howlett Marnie , Müller‐Crepon Carl
Published: October 2023

How do populations facing external aggression view the costs and benefits of self‐defense? In Western countries, war support has been shown to follow cost–benefit calculations, resembling the moral principle of proportionality. A categorical position, in contrast, means supporting self‐defense regardless of the costs. To evaluate which moral principle populations facing external aggression follow, we conducted a conjoint experiment with 1,160 Ukrainians in July 2022. We examine support for different strategies Ukraine could pursue against Russia, which vary regarding the political autonomy and territorial integrity they afford and three costs: civilian and military fatalities, and nuclear risk. We find that Ukrainians do not trade off autonomy or territory against these costs. A new method to rank conjoint‐attributes, computing “nested” marginal means, shows that respondents categorically reject political or territorial concessions, regardless of costs. This provides first experimental evidence that populations resisting external aggression do not subject war outcomes to cost–benefit calculations.
Pain control and subconjunctival haemorrhage after intravitreal injection using cooled anaesthetic eyedrops and antiseptics: A prospective, double‐blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Moshkovsky Ran , Golan Nili , Aviel Gadot Einat , Bar Asaf , Achiron Asaf , Fischer Naomi , Spierer Oriel
Published: October 2023

Purpose

To evaluate whether cooled anaesthetic eyedrops and antiseptics alleviate pain and minimise subconjunctival haemorrhage following intravitreal injection.

Methods

A prospective, double‐masked, randomised controlled trial of 100 participants receiving either cooled (n = 50) or room temperature (n = 50) topical anaesthetic eyedrops and antiseptics before receiving an injection of bevacizumab. Baseline tolerability was estimated using a self‐reported pain sensitivity questionnaire.

Results

Overall tolerability was comparable between the study group and the control group (0.75 ± 0.13 vs. 0.74 ± 0.14, respectively, p = 0.99). Subconjunctival haemorrhage incidence was similar in both groups (80% vs. 86%, respectively, p = 0.113), as was subconjunctival haemorrhage size (2.75 ± 5.51 mm2 vs. 5.53 ± 10.72 mm2, respectively, p = 0.11). Sub‐group analysis demonstrated that the participants taking daily ocular eyedrops who received cooled anaesthetic eyedrops and antiseptics reported less pain at 10 min and less burning sensation at 24 h compared with matched controls (0.67 ± 1.50 vs. 2.50 ± 3.03, respectively, p = 0.040 and 0.00 ± 0.00 vs. 1.44 ± 2.96, respectively, p = 0.045). Participants who received cooled eyedrops and did not use antithrombotic therapy had smaller‐sized subconjunctival haemorrhages compared with matched controls (1.55 ± 1.87 mm2 vs. 8.29 ± 14.61 mm2, respectively, p = 0.038). Participants with hypertension who received cooled eyedrops had smaller‐sized subconjunctival haemorrhage compared with matched controls (2.33 ± 4.99 mm2 vs. 6.89 ± 12.41 mm2, respectively, p = 0.045).

Conclusion

The benefit of using cooled anaesthetic eyedrops and antiseptics to alleviate pain and minimise subconjunctival haemorrhage following intravitreal injection was not proven in the general population. It may be beneficial in part for some patients, such as those who regularly use eyedrops, patients with hypertension or those not on antithrombotic therapy.
Oral and oropharyngeal cancer screening and tobacco cessation discussions, NHANES 2011–2018
Authors: Wiener R. Constance , Patel Jay S.
Published: October 2023

Objective

Oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer (OOPC) is a devastating disease often caught in late stages. People who use tobacco are at higher risk of OOPC. Tobacco cessation discussions and OOPC screenings are important factors in decreasing the risk of OOPC or its late stage diagnosis. As research on sex differences has been increasing—from research on biomedical to psychological and sociological determinants—there is a potential difference, by sex, as to whom is more likely to have a tobacco cessation discussion and OOPC screening. The objective of this study is to determine if there is an association of sex with tobacco cessation discussions and OOPC screenings conducted by dental healthcare professionals among participants who currently use tobacco.

Method

Data from 8 years of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2018) were merged. Data from participants, ages 30 years and above, who self‐reported current use of tobacco, a dental visit within the previous year and responsed to questions about oral cancer screening were analysed for frequency determination and logistic regression analysis. Having the combination of neither OOPC screening nor discussion about the benefits of not using tobacco was the outcome in the analysis.

Results

There were 22.1% who had an OOPC screening by a dental professional within the previous year. Of the 41% who reported having had a conversation with a dental professional within the previous year about the benefits of tobacco cessation, 9.8% reported having both the conversation and OOPC screening. Males were less likely than females to have the combination of neither OOPC screening nor advice about tobacco cessation than females (adjusted odds ratio: 0.74; 95%CI: 0.57, 0.96).

Conclusion

There is an increased need for OOPC screening and the discussion of tobacco use by dental professionals among their patients who use tobacco, particularly for female patients.
Assessment of specificity of dermatopathologic criteria for IgG4‐related skin disease
Authors: Skopec Zachary , Alsawas Mouaz , Maxwell Timothy , Pelletier Daniel , Brown‐Joel Zoe , Bellizzi Andrew , Liu Vincent
Published: October 2023

Background

IgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) represents a recently characterized multisystemic fibroinflammatory condition that can manifest a spectrum of skin findings (IgG4‐related skin disease; IgG4‐RSD). Histopathologic and immunohistochemical criteria have been proposed; however, the specificity of these criteria merits scrutiny given the potential histopathologic overlap of IgG4‐RSD and both neoplastic and inflammatory skin conditions featuring lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates (IgG4‐RSD mimics). This study sought to assess the specificity of the criteria by quantifying the frequency by which an expanded spectrum of IgG4‐RSD mimics meet proposed thresholds.

Methods

Following IRB approval, a total of 69 cases of IgG4‐RD mimics, representing 14 different diagnoses featuring plasma cells, were reviewed and analyzed for the following histopathologic and immunohistochemical features: (i) maximum IgG4+ count/high‐powered field (hpf) >200; (ii) IgG4/IgG ratio >0.4 averaged over 3 hpfs; (iii) IgG4+ count >10 per hpf.

Results

Screening for IgG4‐RSD by histopathologic criteria demonstrated the high frequency of lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, contrasted with the rarity of storiform fibrosis (only one case of erythema elevatum diutinum [EED]) and obliterative phlebitis (0 cases). By immunohistochemical criteria, the analysis revealed that no cases exceeded 200 IgG4+ cells; 13% (9/69) cases demonstrated an IgG4/IgG ratio of >0.4 averaged over 3 hpfs; and 23% (16/69) cases demonstrated a mean IgG4+ count of >10 per hpf.

Conclusion

Application of proposed IgG4‐RSD histopathologic criteria to an expanded spectrum of potential IgG4‐RSD mimics (to include cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma, syphilis, necrobiosis lipoidica, lichen sclerosus, ALHE, psoriasis, lymphoplasmacytic plaque, EED, and erosive pustular dermatosis), highlights the relative nonspecificity of lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates contrasted with the stringency of storiform fibrosis and obliterative fibrosis. Furthermore, an IgG4+ cell count of >10 per hpf and an IgG4/IgG ratio of >0.4 are not specific to IgG4‐RSD alone. In the appropriate clinical context for IgG4‐RSD, histopathologic features still represent the entry threshold for diagnosis consideration, which then allows for further screening by immunohistochemical criteria.
Transition from child to adult services for young people with cerebral palsy in Ireland: Influencing factors at multiple ecological levels
Authors: Fortune Jennifer , Ryan Jennifer M. , Walsh Aisling , Walsh Michael , Kerr Claire , Kroll Thilo , Lavelle Grace , Owens Mary , Hensey Owen , Norris Meriel
Published: October 2023

Aim

To explore the factors that influence the process of transitioning from child to adult services in Ireland among young people with cerebral palsy, their parents, and service providers.

Method

This study followed a qualitative descriptive approach. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 54 participants, including young people with cerebral palsy aged 16 to 22 years (n = 13), their parents (n = 14), and service providers (n = 27). Data were analysed using the Framework Method. Findings were categorized using an ecological model across four levels: individual, microsystem, mesosystem, and exosystem.

Results

Limited awareness, preparation, and access to information hindered successful transition. Microsystem factors such as family knowledge, readiness, resilience, and health professional expertise influenced transition experience. Mesosystem factors encompassed provider–family interaction, interprofessional partnerships, and interagency collaboration between child and adult services. Exosystem factors included inadequate availability and distribution of adult services, limited referral options, coordination challenges, absence of transition policies, staffing issues, and funding allocation challenges.

Interpretation

Transition is influenced by diverse factors at multiple ecological levels, including interactions within families, between health professionals, and larger systemic factors. Given the complexity of transition, a comprehensive multi‐level response is required, taking into account the interactions among individuals, services, and systems.
Teclistamab‐cqyv in multiple myeloma
Authors: Martino Enrica Antonia , Bruzzese Antonella , Labanca Caterina , Mendicino Francesco , Lucia Eugenio , Olivito Virginia , Neri Antonino , Morabito Fortunato , Vigna Ernesto , Gentile Massimo
Published: October 2023

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable neoplasm characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in treatment, MM patients eventually experienced a relapse of the disease. Penta‐drug refractory patients continue to be the hard core of relapsed/refractory (RR) settings. Teclistamab‐cqyv is a humanized IgG4 antibody and a bispecific BCMA‐director CD3 T‐cell engager. It recruits endogenous T cells, by targeting CD3 receptors expressed on their surface, resulting in their activation against BCMA, an antigen expressed by plasma cells. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) have approved Teclistamab‐cqyv in monotherapy for the treatment of RRMM patients who have received at least three prior therapies, including immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), proteasome inhibitors (PIs), and anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and have demonstrated disease progression during the last therapy. Its effectiveness was demonstrated in a pivotal clinical trial where the overall response rate (ORR) reached 60%. Other clinical studies are currently ongoing to investigate the association of the bispecific antibody with novel drugs with encouraging preliminary results, especially in the setting of heavily pretreated patients. In this review, the authors will provide a comprehensive overview of the drug, including its mechanism of action, major clinical trials, and future perspectives.
Foundational Competencies in Educational Measurement
Authors: Ackerman Terry A. , Bandalos Deborah L. , Briggs Derek C. , Everson Howard T. , Ho Andrew D. , Lottridge Susan M. , Madison Matthew J. , Sinharay Sandip , Rodriguez Michael C. , Russell Michael , von Davier Alina A. , Wind Stefanie A.
Published: October 2023

This article presents the consensus of an National Council on Measurement in Education Presidential Task Force on Foundational Competencies in Educational Measurement. Foundational competencies are those that support future development of additional professional and disciplinary competencies. The authors develop a framework for foundational competencies in educational measurement, illustrate how educational measurement programs can help learners develop these competencies, and demonstrate how foundational competencies continue to develop in educational measurement professions. The framework introduces three foundational competency domains: Communication and Collaboration Competencies; Technical, Statistical, and Computational Competencies; and Educational Measurement Competencies. Within the Educational Measurement Competency domain, the authors identify five subdomains: Social, Cultural, Historical, and Political Context; Validity, Validation, and Fairness; Theory and Instrumentation; Precision and Generalization; and Psychometric Modeling.
A common garden experiment supports a genetic component underlying the increased resilience of common cockle (Cerastoderma edule) to the parasite Marteilia cochillia
Authors: Villalba Antonio , Coimbra Raquel M. , Pampín Marina , Iglesias David , Costas Damián , Mariño Carlos , Blanco Andrés , Vera Manuel , Domínguez Marta , Cacabelos Eva , Abella Emilio , Incera Mónica , Otero Rosa Fernández , Martínez Paulino
Published: October 2023

The common cockle is a valuable bivalve species inhabiting the Atlantic European coasts. The parasite Marteilia cochillia has devastated cockle beds in the southern Galician (NW Spain) rias since 2012. Previous data suggested that cockles from Ría de Arousa acquired some resilience to this parasite through natural selection after consecutive annual marteiliosis outbreaks and candidate markers associated with marteiliosis resilience were identified using population genomics and transcriptomics approaches. Here, a common garden experiment was performed using a naïve stock (from Ría de Muros‐Noia) and an affected stock (from Ría de Arousa) to test this hypothesis. Breeders from both stocks were used to produce seed cohorts at hatchery, which were pre‐grown in a raft (outdoor nursery stage) and deployed in two shellfish beds affected by marteiliosis in Ría de Arousa (growing‐out stage). In both beds, the naïve stock showed high marteiliosis prevalence and was fully depleted in a short period, while the affected stock barely showed evidence of marteiliosis. A set of 45 SNPs putatively associated with marteiliosis resilience were fitted for MassARRAY genotyping to check their role in the differential resilience detected between both stocks. Though no significant differentiation was found between the naïve and the affected stocks with neutral markers, 28 SNPs showed significant divergence between them, suggesting that these SNPs were involved in directional selection during eight generations (to the most) of marteiliosis pressure (long‐term selection). Furthermore, signals of selection were also detected in the naïve stock along the marteiliosis outbreak in the growing‐out stage (short‐term selection) and six SNPs, all shared with the long‐term evaluation, showed consistent signals of differentiation according to the infection severity. Some of these SNPs were located within immune genes pertaining to families such as proteasome, ubiquitin, tumor necrosis factor, and glutathione S‐transferase. These resilience‐associated markers will be useful to recover cockle production in Galicia.
Pelvic flexure enterotomy in the horse: A review of current literature
Authors: Albanese Valeria , Straticò Paola , Munsterman Amelia
Published: October 2023

Enterotomy of the pelvic flexure is commonly performed during colic surgery in the horse to empty the large colon of its contents. A two‐layer closure with absorbable suture material is recommended, but a consensus has not been established. Many different techniques have been described and tested to evaluate surgical time, luminal diameter reduction, bursting pressure and post‐operative complications including adhesion formation. The results of these studies vary within and between enterotomy techniques. The objective of this narrative review was to evaluate and summarise relevant published literature on pelvic flexure enterotomy techniques in the horse.
Geomicrobiology of the Rincon de Parangueo maar crater: Exploring the link between an evolving extreme environment and its potential metabolic diversity
Authors: Sánchez‐Sánchez Janet , Cerca Mariano , Moguel Bárbara B. , Muñoz‐Velasco Israel , Alcántara‐Hernández Rocío J. , Carreón‐Freyre Dora , Levresse Gilles
Published: October 2023

Rincon de Parangueo (RP) is a Quaternary maar crater located in the Michoacan‐Guanajuato Volcanic Field in central Mexico. Like other volcanic craters in the region, the central part was occupied by an endorheic lacustrine system. As a consequence of extensive groundwater extraction, the perennial lake started a gradual desiccation process and now the remnant ponds host a highly saline–alkaline ecosystem. The stratigraphic record indicates an exceptional and long‐term sedimentation of carbonate microbialites. Previous studies based on the 16S rRNA gene have shown that microbial communities have a widespread presence in the crater at the microbialites, the remaining saline ponds, superficial soils and below the surface. To understand the possible role of the microbial communities that generate these biogeological structures, novel analytical methods to resolve the amplicon datasets and their microbial metabolic potential were used.

We describe in detail the relationship between the microbial communities, the evolution of physicochemical parameters, and carbonate morphology, in four micro‐environments. A 16S rRNA gene sequencing dataset from previous publications was re‐analysed using an ASV‐based bioinformatic pipeline to identify new insights into the microbial assemblage. Finally, a taxon‐based metabolic profile was used to predict the potential metabolic contribution of the prokaryotic community.

Results indicated a refinement in terms of community composition using the ASV‐based bioinformatic methods. Functional profiling through 16S rRNA gene‐based analysis suggested metabolisms associated with carbonate precipitation, indicating a broad potential for microbially mediated carbonate precipitation (e.g., carbon fixation and photosynthesis). The possibility of biogenic methane gas production by methanogenic microorganisms was recognised, supporting the estimated flow of methane on the surface soils.

The lacustrine evolution over the last years and the extreme physicochemical characteristics of RP have an impact on the microbial community structure. Prokaryotic community and metabolic potential results from RP coincide with the diversity and abundance of microbial communities and functional metabolisms reported from other microbialite‐forming lakes along the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt. The identification of important possible phylotypes involved in carbonate precipitation might be an important factor in considering RP microbialites as active calcifying entities.

These findings provide novel insights into the potential key role of metabolic pathways driving the process of carbonate precipitation inside RP and evidence of its importance as a microbial biodiversity hotspot in Mexico.
Effects of lipoprotein nanoparticles' composition and size on their internalization in plant and mammalian cells
Authors: Fukuda Ryosuke , Tani Misaki , Shibukawa Shiori , Nobeyama Tomohiro , Nomura Taiji , Kato Yasuo , Murakami Tatsuya
Published: October 2023

The internalization of engineered high‐density lipoprotein nanoparticles (engineered lipoproteins [eLPs]) with different lipid and protein compositions, zeta potentials, and/or sizes were analyzed in representative plant and mammalian cells. The impact of the addition of a cell‐penetrating peptide to eLPs on the internalization was very small in Bright Yellow (BY)‐2 protoplasts compared with HeLa cells. When eLPs were prepared with one of the abundant lipids in BY‐2 cells, digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) (eLP4), its internalization was dramatically increased only in HeLa cells. Such an increase in HeLa cells was also obtained for liposomes containing DGDG in a DGDG content‐dependent manner. Increasing the size and zeta potential of eLPs improved their internalization in both HeLa cells and in BY‐2 protoplasts but to quite varying degrees. Although eLPs tended to stay at the plasma membrane (PM) in BY‐2 protoplasts with much less internalization, the PM‐bound eLPs somehow promoted the internalization of coexisting nanobeads in cell culture media. These results provide fundamental insight into the future design of lipid nanoparticles for drug delivery in mammalian and plant cells.
We are not even allowed to call them patients anymore: Conceptions about person‐centred care
Authors: Määttä Sylvia , Björkman Ida
Published: October 2023

Although the implementation of person‐centred care (PCC) has gained momentum in healthcare systems, it is not always obvious why it is an important objective in clinical settings and educational institutions that train future healthcare professionals. Various conceptions about PCC have flourished, such as that it only works in certain healthcare contexts, it is the same as the patient making all their own healthcare decisions, it is too demanding for most patients, the word ‘patient’ may no longer be used, the care provided is already person‐centred, and that there is simply not enough time and resources to achieve it. This viewpoint paper aims to problematize these conceptions and may be used for didactical and reflective exercises that support the transition towards more person‐centred healthcare.

Patient or Public Contribution

The Person Council for patients and carers at the University of Gothenburg provided focus group input on and validated the occurrence of the conceptions discussed in the present paper. The person council consists of a group of persons with many years of personal experiences of health care, either as patients and/or relatives/carers. One member of the person council who is also a designer and artist created the illustration for the article.
The impact of social network embeddedness on mobile massively multiplayer online games play
Authors: Gong Mingchuan , Wagner Christian , Ali Ahsan
Published: October 2023

Social factors play a critical role in motivating player participation and commitment to online multiplayer games. Many popular mobile massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) adopt social network embeddedness (SNE) functions to optimise players' social play experience. SNE changes the traditional pattern of MMOG social play by porting acquaintance relationships (e.g., Facebook friends) from social networking sites to the virtual game world. However, little understanding exists on how SNE impacts mobile MMOG players' game participation results such as play performance and play frequency. Drawing on the affordance framework and social capital literature, this research proposes a theoretical model that integrates the factors of SNE technology affordance (identity transparency and information transparency), players' social experience (social interaction, social support, shared vision, and social pressure), plus affordance effects (play performance and play frequency). The model was validated through a longitudinal field study, in which both subjective and objective data were collected from Game for Peace players. Our findings indicate that identity transparency and information transparency positively correlate with social interaction, social support, shared vision, and social pressure, which, taken together, significantly affect play frequency. The results also show that social interaction and shared vision positively impact players' play performance. The study enhances the theoretical understanding of social relationships in players' game participation results from the SNE aspect. Finally, we lend insights on how game operators can improve player game experience and stickiness.
Lethality Patterns in Multiple Suicide Attempts*
Authors: Worden J. William , Sterling‐Smith Robert S.
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: There are few studies in the suicide literature where persons who make more than one suicide attempt are compared with persons who make only a single attempt. The present study investigated all patients (N = 347) who had come to Massachusetts General Hospital with a suicide attempt in 1965. In this group of patients, the 43 who had made multiple attempts were compared with a randomly selected group of 96 patients who had made only a single attempt.

When compared to single attempters, multiple attempters made their initial attempt at an earlier age and at a lower lethal level (as measured by the Risk‐Rescue Rating), had a more intense history of prior psychiatric treatment, and received more psychiatric treatment subsequent to the first attempt. Multiple attempters did not differ from single attempters with regard to sex, race, religion, or marital status at the time of the first attempt.

Within the group of multiple attempters two subgroups emerged: (a) those who were younger, whose initial lethality level was lower, and who had shorter time intervals between attempts; and (b) those who were older, had higher initial lethality levels, and had longer time periods between attempts. For both subgroups, receiving psychiatric treatment following the first attempt lowered the lethality of their second attempt.

Multiple regression analysis was employed to predict the lethal level of a subsequent attempt, should such occur. This predictive equation and the descriptive differences cited above may have direct implications for the management of suicidal persons.
Systematic Observation of Crisis Center Telephone Interactions*
Authors: Powell Evan R. , Heaton Martha E. , Ashton Patricia T.
Published: October 2023

The development of a systematic, objective method of categorizing helper‐helpee interactions as the first step in a predictive study is reported. Data on 100 initial suicidal telephone calls to three crisis intervention centers are generated from tapes of these calls. The 28,000 plus statements made in the calls are categorized into up to 8 categories in up to 11 levels. Descriptive data, including modal patterns, are presented. The importance of data rather than ratings is pointed out, and the Caller‐Worker Interaction Program is recommended as a research and monitoring tool with relevance to worker training.
Sex and Age Differences in Suicide Rates in a Canadian Province:
Authors: Sims Mary
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: Changes in age and sex suicide rates and methods are shown for a 20‐year period. Rate increases from the earliest base have occurred in all age‐sex groups. The proportion of poison suicides has increased greatly beginning in 1960 for women, 1965 for men. Adults 30 and over account for most of the increase in ingested poisons; death by carbon monoxide also occurs with increasing frequency among all males, as do violent suicides in males under 30. Accidental poisonings follow a similar pattern. In view of increasing alcohol consumption, risks of concomitant alcohol‐drug use are discussed, as are certain protective features for women inherent in their disproportionately high use of medically prescribed drugs.
Attempted Suicides—35 Years Afterward
Authors: Dahlgren K. G.
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT:Most follow‐up studies of suicides are made after a relatively short period of time. The present study involved 229 attempted suicides (93 men and 136 women) hospitalized during the years 1933–1942. It was possible to trace 96.8% of the men and 95.6% of the women. An earlier investigation 0 to 12 years after hospitalization showed that in the first 4 years 9 men (9.7%) and 5 women (3.7%) had committed suicide. The observation time for the present study ranges from 21 to 42 years, with a mode of 35 years. It was found that an additional 4 men and 7 women had committed suicide in the interim—in the cases of 2 men and 6 women, 15 years or more after the initial attempt. This incidence of suicide so long after the original attempt, at least in the case of the women, statistically exceeds the expected incidence. In the time now elapsed, 10.9% of the study sample (14% of the men and 8.8% of the women) have taken their own lives.
Ecological Variation in Self‐Injury Behavior
Authors: Wenz Friedrich V.
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: Only recently have efforts been made to discover the extent of self‐injury behavior in the general population. The study reported here was designed to ascertain and examine the degree of relationship between the ecological distribution of self‐injury behavior and the indices of economic and ethnic status. The general hypothesis predicts that high rates of self‐injury behavior are associated with low economic status and high ethnic status census tract populations in a northern metropolitan area. A total of 2,755 cases of self‐injury were collected for the year 1972 from the records of the city and county police departments, hospital emergency facilities, and a sample of private physicians. Self‐injury behavior was defined as any case of self‐inflicted overdosage, asphyxiation, or injury, whether or not there was evidence of suicidal intent. The indices of economic and ethnic status for the various census tracts were computed in the manner suggested by Shevky and Bell (1955). All the measures of economic status were found significantly related to self‐injury in the predicted direction. The relationship between ethnic status and self‐injury rates was not significant. When ethnic status was disaggregated, a significant relationship was found between self‐injury rates for nonwhites and foreign‐born whites. The explanation was offered that ethnic differences in self‐injury are mediated by economic status variables and subcultural factors.
Dimensions of Black Suicide: A Theoretical Model
Authors: Davis Robert , Short James F.
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT:This paper has two purposes: (1) to develop a theoretical model of suicide, based on the previous work of Henry and Short, and (2) to apply that model in the study of black suicides in Orleans Parish, Louisiana. In so doing, we are focusing on suicide among a traditionally low‐status, low‐suicide population group, one which Henry and Short cited in support of the positive relationship between status and suicide. The generality of the theory is thus examined in this and other ways. The theory of “external restraints” is only weakly sustained by this analysis. More adequate testing of the theory must await further data, with careful attention to the subjective aspects of hypothesized structural relationships.
Electromechanical properties of [001]‐textured Mn‐PMN‐PZT ceramics under hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Tang Mingyang , Hu Liqing , Wu Yue , Wang Yike , Liu Xin , Ren Xiaodan , Zheng Shuguang , Wang Sanhong , Xu Zhuo , Geng Liwei , Yan Yongke
Published: October 2023

The electromechanical properties of [001]‐textured Mn‐PMN‐PZT ceramics are characterized under a hydrostatic pressure of up to 400 MPa. The dielectric constant of textured ceramics increases first and then decreases as pressure increases. A comparison of the electromechanical constants sij, kij, and dij (i, j = 1, 3) obtained by the method of direct calculation and admittance fitting is displayed in this work. The results show that the two methods can obtain similar results at lower pressures. When the pressure is relatively high, the loss cannot be ignored, and the results of the two methods are quite different. The admittance fitting method gives a more accurate piezoelectric constant. Under 400 MPa, textured ceramics have k31 = 0.55, d31 = 321 pC/N, k33 = 0.89, and d33 = 702 pC/N, while random ceramics have k31 = 0.33, d31 = 92 pC/N, k33 = 0.71, and d33 = 230 pC/N. The large piezoelectric properties of textured ceramics under high pressure make them potential underwater transducers.