bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Caesarean Section Rates by Robson’s Classification
Authors: Dar Mudasir Ahmad , Lone Sameer Ahmed , Rashid Rehana
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND A standard and comprehensive classification system is needed to maintain appropriate Caesarean section (CS) rates like Robson Ten Group Classification System. The present study was conducted to analyse Caesarean section rate and its distribution according to Robson’s classification. METHODS A descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Hospital, Hari Nagar, New Delhi, from August 2018 to May 2019 on pregnant women of more than 28 weeks of gestation admitted for delivery. RESULTS Out of 8099 deliveries, 2924 required Caesarean section. The overall Caesarean section rate was 36.11 %, 1616 (55.27 %) were primary Caesarean section and 1308 (44.73 %) were repeat Caesarean section. Preterm delivery by Caesarean section was in 7.49 %. Majority of Caesarean section were in 37- 40 weeks of gestation (79.42 %). Out of 2924 cases 90.62 %, 8.21 % and 1.17 % were cephalic presentation, breech and other presentations respectively. 32 Caesarean section cases were twin pregnancy, 20.83 % was induced whereas 23.91 % was in spontaneous labour. Previous Caesarean section (44.74 %) was the commonest cause followed by foetal distress (16.82 %). Commonest cause for repeat Caesarean section was foetal distress (25.76 %). Major contributor to overall Caesarean section rate was Robson’s group 5 (38.72 %) followed by group 2 and group 1 i.e 21.64 % and 11.79 % respectively. Least contributor was group 8 (1.09 %). CONCLUSIONS Robson’s classification can help to identify broad categories of women to be targeted to decrease Caesarean section rates. Caesarean section rate can be reduced by decreasing primary Caesarean section, offering trial of labour (TOLAC), strict induction protocols implementation and precise interpretation of foetal heart rate tracings. KEYWORDS Caesarean Section, Robson’s Classification, Malpresentation
Can Nailfold Capillaroscopy Be a Screening Tool for Diabetic Retinopathy - A Hospital Based Cross-Sectional Study in Orissa, India
Authors: Mohanty Gayatree , Padhan Prasanta , Chilakamarthy Sridivya , Das Manmath Kumar , Bhuyan Debendranath
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND The nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) has been used to analyse capillary microarchitecture in diseases like Raynaud’s disease, scleroderma, and other collagen disorders earlier but recently researchers have documented capillaroscopic findings in diabetic patients which correspond to their ophthalmoscopic findings. Every diabetic patient after ten years of the disease is at risk of diabetic retinopathy and should thereby be referred to an ophthalmologist for screening. But for various factors the referral to ophthalmologists is poor and the patients usually present to the ophthalmologist when their vision is threatened. Our study intends to correlate the nailfold capillaroscopic microvascular changes with duration of diabetes, severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR), compare the changes of patients with DR and without DR and determine its role as a screening tool. METHODS This was a hospital based cross-sectional study for over 18 months in patients (15 - 75 yrs. of age) with diabetes mellitus. Patients with other vascular disorders were excluded. The study subjects were evaluated for diabetic retinopathy by indirect ophthalmoscopy, fundus pictures and optical coherence tomography. The nailfold capillaroscopy findings were recorded and co-related with fundus findings. Statistical analysis was done by using the STATA software version 15.1. RESULTS Two hundred and fifty patients were recruited with 125 patients in each group, patients with and without DR respectively. Poor glycaemic control was seen most commonly in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The reduced capillary density, tortuosity, microhaemorrhages, neoangiogenesis and avascular areas were seen more frequently in proliferative diabetic retinopathy than nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and patients without DR. (P value 0.00). CONCLUSIONS Changes in nailfold capillaroscopy in diabetics have significant association with severity of DR, duration of diabetes, and glycaemic control. It could be used as screening and early diagnostic tool for non-ophthalmology medical fraternities to refer to ophthalmologist for follow-up and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. KEYWORDS Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Retinopathy, Nailfold Capillaroscopy, Microangiopathy
ANÁLISE ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DA COVID-19 EM UM ESTADO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Almeida Priscilla Dantas , Araújo Telma Maria Evangelista de , Araújo Filho Augusto Cezar Antunes de , Ferreira Anderson Fuentes , Fronteira Inês , Melo Júnior Eugênio Barbosa de , Almeida Malena Gonçalves
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: analisar a distribuição espaço-temporal da COVID-19 no estado do Piauí. Método: texto estudo ecológico, retrospectivo com dados disponíveis no “Painel Epidemiológico COVID-19 – Piauí”. Foi construída uma série temporal dos casos e óbitos acumulados mensalmente e calculadas taxas de incidência, mortalidade e letalidade e construídos mapas cloropléticos utilizando-se o QGIS versão 2.18.6. Resultados: em março foram registrados três casos, sem óbito, chegando a setembro com 90.370 casos e 2.037 óbitos. Porém, observa-se leve redução no crescimento das taxas desde agosto. Teresina apresentou o segundo menor coeficiente de incidência do estado, o segundo maior coeficiente de mortalidade e a maior letalidade. Conclusão: observou-se amplo crescimento da pandemia no estado, especialmente até o mês de agosto, com letalidade dentro do esperado e distribuição espacial dos casos e óbitos concentrada na capital e adjacências, evidenciando a necessidade de continuar com fortes medidas preventivas.
CBCT Evaluation of Gutta-Percha Removal Using ProTaper and Mtwo Retreatment Files, WaveOne, and Hedstrom Files: An Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Madhu Kumari , Karade Priyatam , Chopade Rutuja , Jadhav Yogesh , Chodankar Kirti , Alane Uddhav
Published: June 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ProTaper, Mtwo, and WaveOne retreatment files and Hedstrom files for removal of gutta-percha from the straight root canals using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Materials and Methods: Forty freshly extracted single-rooted and single-canal teeth were selected for this study. The teeth were decoronated, and biomechanical preparation was performed up to #30 K-file. The root canals were obturated using lateral compaction technique with gutta-percha and Resilon sealer. The teeth were then randomly divided into 4 groups, and CBCT images were obtained. All the canals were then retreated with either ProTaper retreatment files, Mtwo retreatment files, WaveOne files, or Hedstrom files. The surface area of the remaining filling material after the retreatment procedure was quantified by CBCT. Statistical analysis was performed via one-way ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test.
Results: None of the file systems could completely remove the filling material from the canals. Data analysis revealed significant differences between the groups in the apical and middle thirds (P<0.05).
Conclusion: All the file systems left some filling material in the canals. Mtwo retreatment files had maximum efficacy for removal of filling materials in comparison with other files. WaveOne files can also be used for root canal retreatment.
Lingual Foramen of the Mandible on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Scans: A Study of Anatomical Variations in an Iranian Population
Authors: Moshfeghi Mahkameh , Gandomi Shiva , Mansouri Hamid , Yadshoghi Negin
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Lingual foramen (LF) is an important landmark of the mandible, which should be considered in presurgical assessment. The purpose of this study was to assess the anatomical variations of the LF using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 200 CBCT scans of Iranian adults. The lingual foramina (LFs) were classified into two groups by their location in the mandible namely the medial LFs (MLFs) and the lateral LFs (LLFs). The frequency of both the MLFs and the LLFs and their distance from the inferior border of the mandible were evaluated. Additionally, the diameter of the MLFs and the location of the LLFs were assessed. Data were analyzed separately for males and females.
Results: All 200 participants had at least one LF. Totally, 257 LFs were detected on 200 CBCT scans, including 223 MLFs (86.6%) and 34 LLFs (13.3%). The LLF was detected in 23 patients (11.5%). The prevalence of the LLF was higher in males and in the second premolar region. The diameter of the MLFs was less than 1mm in 81% of the cases, and males had a larger MLF.
Conclusion: There was a significant variability in the anatomy and location of the mandibular LF in Iranian adults. CBCT is recommended for preoperative imaging to determine the exact location and size of the LFs in the mandible to prevent possible surgical complications.
The Effect of Aspirin on Moderate to Severe Asthmatic Patients with Aspirin Hypersensitivity, Chronic Rhinosinusitis, and Nasal Polyposis.
Authors: Arshi Saba , Darougar Sepideh , Nabavi Mohammad , Bemanian Mohammad Hassan , Fallahpour Morteza , Shokri Sima , Ahmadian Javad , Molatefi Rasool , Rekabi Mahsa , Moinfar Zeinab , Hashemitari Paniz , Eslami Narges
Published: June 2021

Asthmatic patients may have aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease and experience acute dyspnea and nasal symptoms within 3 hours after the ingestion of aspirin. This study aimed to evaluate the effect and outcome of daily low-dose aspirin in the treatment of moderate to severe asthma in patients with concomitant aspirin hypersensitivity and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). This clinical trial was conducted from February 2014 to February 2015 on 46 adult patients with moderate to severe asthma accompanied by CRSwNP. Patients with a positive aspirin challenge were blindly randomized in three groups receiving placebo/day (A); aspirin 100 mg/day (B); and aspirin 325mg/day (C), respectively. Clinical findings, FEV1 and ACT scores were recorded and compared before, during, and after treatment for 6 months (IRCT2015061521970N2). Of 46 participants at baseline, 30 patients completed this 6-month trial study. The level of asthma control was significant; based on Asthma Control Test (ACT) when comparing the results in groups A and C and also groups B and C, but it was not significant when comparing ACT scores between groups A and B. FEV1 before and after treatment was significant when comparing groups A and B, groups A and C, and groups B and C. To conclude, aspirin desensitization with a daily dose of 325 mg aspirin resulted in the improvement of long-term control of asthma. A daily aspirin dose of 100 mg was not associated with such an increase in ACT score.
Airborne Pollens and their Association with Meteorological Parameters in the Atmosphere of Shiraz, Southwest Iran
Authors: Kafashan Heidar Ali , Khosravi Ahmad Reza , Alyasin Soheila , Sepahi Najmeh , Kanannejad Zahra , Mohammad Alizadeh Shirazi Farzaneh , Karami Sahar
Published: June 2021

Airborne pollen is considered one of the causative agents of hay fever, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma. We aimed to investigate airborne pollens in the context of Shiraz located in the southwest of Iran and find their association with meteorological parameters. The survey was conducted from October 2017 to September 2018, using seven days of volumetric Burkard spore trap, located in the center of the city. A total of 5810 pollen grains/m3 belonging to 15 taxa were identified and recorded. Among them, 73.8% was the tree, while the grass, shrub, and weed constituted 13.56%, 3.5%, and 9.2% of total reported pollens, respectively. The major pollen types were Platanaceae (28.39%), Oleaceae (21.17%), Pinaceae (15.11%), Amaranthaceae (9.29%), and Brassicaceae (8.02%). A higher number of pollen counts and types were recorded in March, followed by September, while it was lower in May. Meteorological parameters were correlated with the monthly pollen counts. Wind speed was found to have a positive correlation with Platanaceae concentration. The significant correlation between pollen concentration and the temperature was positive for Poaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Plantaginaceae and negative for Rosaceae, Oleaceae, and Ulmaceae. Poaceae and Amaranthaceae were negatively correlated with humidity and positively with Rosaceae, Oleaceae, and Plantaginaceae. A negative correlation was found between rainfall and Poaceae and Amaranthaceae, while Plantaginaceae had a positive correlation with this parameter. The results of this study may be helpful for allergologists in the diagnosis and treatment of airborne allergic disorders due to pollen grains.
Genotyping of Human Platelet Antigen-1 to -5 and -15 by Polymerase Chain Reaction with Sequence-specific Primers (PCR-SSP) and Real-time PCR in Azeri Blood Donors
Authors: Azizi Seyed Ghader , Samiee Shahram , Shaiegan Mojgan , Zadsar Maryam
Published: June 2021

Human platelet antigens (HPAs) are glycoproteins on the platelet surface that a single nucleotide mutation in the coding region gene could lead to the variation of different HPA polymorphisms. These antigens have shown variation among different races and may trigger immune responses during blood transfusion and pregnancy. Genotyping of HPAs is useful for managing these reactions and establishing a platelet registry to decrease platelet transfusion reactions. This study aimed to compare allelic and genotype frequencies of human platelet antigens in the Azeri ethnicity by TaqMan Real-time and polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) methods. DNA was extracted from the whole blood of 100 Azeri blood donors in the Ardabil Blood Transfusion Center. Genotyping of HPA-1 to -5 and -15 was performed by TaqMan Real-time PCR, and PCR-SSP and consistency of results were evaluated. The results of PCR-SSP and TaqMan Real-time PCR showed complete consistency. The allele frequencies were 91.5% and 8.5% for HPA-1a and -1b; 88% and 12% for HPA-2a and -2b; 58% and 42 % for HPA-3a and -3b; 100% for HPA-4a; 91% and 9% for HPA-5a and -5b; 56.5% and 43.5% for HPA-15a and -15b alleles. Not incompatibility was detected in HPAs genotyping by PCR-SSP and TaqMan Real-time PCR so that real-time PCR can be used as a robust and quick method for HPA genotyping. We found differences between Azeri blood donors and previously reported HPAs alleles’ frequency in other ethnicities in the country. This fact highlights the need for a platelet registry to recruit platelet donors from different ethnicities and increase the number of donors by using faster methods.
Investigation of rs531564 Polymorphism in the Primary MicroRNA-124 Gene in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Association with Disease Susceptibility and Clinical Characteristics
Authors: Hassani Mehdi , Dehani Mohammad , Zare Rafie Maryam , Esmaeilzadeh Emran , Davar Saeideh , Pakzad Bahram , Mosallaei Meysam , Hoseini Seyyed Mohamad , Bayat Hadi , Soosanabadi Mohsen
Published: June 2021

MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) is known as an important regulator of the immune system and inflammatory response. Studies have reported that this miRNA is dysregulated in autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A functional analysis demonstrated that rs531564 (C>G) affects the biogenesis of primary microRNA transcript-124 (pri-miR-124) and changes the expression of mature miR-124. In the present study, for the first time, we intended to evaluate the possible association between rs531564 polymorphism with SLE and RA risk. In this case-control study, 110 patients with SLE, 115 patients with RA, and 120 healthy subjects were enrolled to evaluate rs531564 genotypes with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) high resolution melting method. Our findings demonstrated that frequency of GC genotype and G allele were considerably higher in the control group than RA patients, demonstrating that that GC genotype and G allele have a protective effect for healthy individuals (GC vs CC; OR: 0.29; 95%CI [0.12,0.67] and G vs C; OR: 0.42; 95%CI [0.23,0.78]). However, no significant correlation was confirmed between allele and genotype frequencies of rs531564 with SLE risk (p>0.05). However, the G allele in rs531564 polymorphism was associated with serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), anti-dsDNA antibody, C3, C4, and creatinine, and frequency of renal involvements in SLE patients (p<0.05). Moreover, in RA patients, the G was correlated with lower concentration ESR and CRP (p<0.001). Our findings propose a considerable association between rs531564 polymorphism in the pri-miR124 gene with susceptibility and clinical characteristics of RA and SLE in the Iranian population.
The Effect of Antigen Dose and Antigen Presenting Process on T Cell Stimulation: A Method for Enrichment of TB10.4 Antigen-specific T-cell Clones
Authors: Motiee Mahdieh , Zavaran Hosseini Ahmad , Soudi Sara , Hassanzadeh Seyed Mehdi
Published: June 2021

T-lymphocytes have critical functions in the immune responses against viral and intracellular bacterial infections as well as cancers. Antigen (Ag)-specific T-lymphocyte clones enriched and expanded in vitro are valuable tools in the study of immune responses in animal models and adoptive T-cell therapy of patients with cancer or infection. We described a method for inducing, enriching, and replicating Ag-specific poly-clonal T-cells from BALB/c mice infected with live Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) bacterium. During a 7-8 days procedure, T-lymphocytes were purified from immune cells of lymph nodes stimulated with immunodominant Ag of BCG, TB10.4, and expanded by interleukin -2 cytokine. We evaluated the effect of Ag doses (1, 10, and 100 µg/mL) and exposure method of Ag presenting cells (APCs) to T-cells, on T-cells’ proliferation, viability, and Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion at 2, 5, and 7 days after Ag stimulation. Increasing Ag concentration increased the average cell division, but at the highest dose of Ag (100 µg/mL), T-cell viability is decreased. Only clones induced by 10 µg/mL Ag produced a desirable amount of IFN-γ. Incubation of Ag and APCs, 24 h before T-lymphocytes addition, increased the proliferation and viability of cells. T cells are in a more favorable condition around day 5 of Ag stimulation in terms of proliferation and survival, and it is the desired time for T cell restimulation. For optimal preparation of specific T-cells for adoptive cell transfer, optimization of Ag dose, the order of APCs and T-cells exposure with Ag, and the duration of initial Ag stimulation, as well as the time for restimulation, is essential.
The Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis in Southwestern Iran and Its Association with Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A GA2LEN Study
Authors: Ostovar Afshin , Pordel Safoora , Movahed Ali , Kaboodkhani Reza , Akhlaghi Allahkaram , Darabi Amirhossein , Ghaderi Farzaneh , Farrokhi Shokrollah
Published: June 2021

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent disease affecting the quality of life of patients throughout the world. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of AR and its association with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in the adult population living in Bushehr, southwestern part of Iran. In this population-based study, a total of 5420 individuals aged 15-65 years were selected through a multi-stage, cluster, random sampling method from which 5201 of them completed the Global Allergy and Asthma Network of Excellence (GA2LEN) questionnaire (Response rate=96.1%). The prevalence of AR, based on Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) classification (mild or moderate; intermittent or persistent) was calculated and the association of AR and CRS was evaluated using a multiple logistic regression model. The overall prevalence of AR was 28.8%, and for the intermittent and persistent AR were 25.9% (out of which 81.34% were moderate to severe) and 74.1% respectively. Moreover, the prevalence of AR was significantly higher in health workers and smokers (p=0.002 and p<0.001, respectively). Furthermore, an association was found between AR and CRS (p<0.001, aOR: 4.68, 95%CI: 4.07-5.39), and also, between the persistent AR and CRS as compared with the intermittent (p<0.001, aOR: 4.21, 95%CI: 3.40-5.22). The present study showed that the prevalence of AR in Bushehr (Southwestern part of Iran) was significantly high. In addition, the results indicated a strong association between AR and CRS, especially in individuals with moderate to severe persistent AR.
El impacto fiscal a la luz de los principios constitucionales del sistema tributario colombiano y la necesidad de moderar los beneficios tributarios en el impuesto sobre la renta
Authors: Toro Londoño Juan Gabriel
Published: June 2021

El propósito de este escrito es reflexionar sobre los principios constitucionales del sistema tributario, dado que la existencia de ciertos beneficios en el mismo, dispuestos por la legislación, se han vuelto un elemento distorsionante e inequitativo para la tributación. Para corregir esta particular forma de promover la regresividad, el Estado podría hacer una revisión de dichos beneficios o impulsar un gasto social más eficiente, de modo que debe contar con una carga tributaria más equitativa; es decir, para generar los efectos distributivos justos es fundamental que el sistema de financiamiento no sea regresivo, esto es, que no recaiga en mayor medida sobre las personas con menores ingresos. Esto obliga a pensar que el sistema tributario debería guardar un equilibrio razonable característico de un sistema fiscal exitoso, saludable, equitativo y racional. Por tanto, su racionalidad estaría asociada a la aplicación adecuada y conjunta de los principios constitucionales en la estructura tributaria en sus diferentes órdenes y no solamente a ciertos impuestos en particular. Evidentemente, los principios no bastan para reunir todas las condiciones de un sistema tributario racional, pero abarcan condiciones mínimas sin las cuales no es posible hablar de racionalidad en el mismo.
Sıra Aralığı ve Tohum Miktarlarının Gazal Boynuzu (Lotus corniculatus L.) Ot Verimi ve Bazı Kalite Unsurları Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: GÖKALP Sezai , TOPAL Hüseyin , YAZICI Levent , NOYAN Ömer Faruk , KARADAĞ Yaşar
Published: June 2021

Gazal boynuzu (Lotus corniculatus L.); bir dizi abiyotik strese dayanıklılığı nedeniyle bazı sorunlu alanlarda yem üretmek dışında otlak ekosistemlerinin ve doğal yaşamın önemli bir bileşenidir. Gazal boynuzu yetiştiriciliğinin yaygınlaştırılması için çözümlerden biri, verimliği artıracak uygun yetiştirme yöntemlerini belirlemektir. Bu araştırma, farklı sıra aralığı (20,40,60 ve 80 cm) ve tohum miktarlarının (0,5, 1,0, 1,5 ve 2,0 kg da-1) gazal boynuzu (çeşit adayı) ot verimi ve kalite komponentleri üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Deneme, Sivas-Şarkışla lokasyonunda, 2017-2019 yıllarında üç tekrarlamalı olarak, tesadüf blokları bölünmüş parseller deneme deseni kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneme sonuçları, sıra aralıkları ve tohum ekim oranları uygulamalarının ot verimi, kalitesi, doğal bitki boyu, ana dal çapı, bitki başına ana dal sayısı ve metre başına düşen bitki sayısı üzerinde önemli etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, ham protein (HP) ve asit deterjan lifi (ADF) nötr deterjan lifi (NDF) gibi yem kalite parametrelerini önemli ölçüde etkilememiştir. Ayrıca, metre başına düşen bitki sayısı dışında, ot verimi ve kalite bileşenleri için sıra aralığı ile tohumlama hızı arasında önemli bir etkileşim bulunmamıştır. Genel olarak tüm sıra aralıklarında tohum oranının artmasıyla doğal bitki boyu artmıştır. Tohum oranı ve sıra aralığı arttıkça ana dal çapı azalmıştır. Bitki başına ana dal sayısı, tohum oranının artmasıyla azalmıştır. Sonuçlar, ot veriminin dar sıra aralığı ve artan tohum oranı ile arttığını göstermektedir. Her iki yıl için, en yüksek ot verimi (4.226,1-4.144,2 kg da-1) 20-40 cm sıra aralığında 1,5 kg da-1 tohum ekimi uygulamasında elde edilmiştir.
‘You Have to Make Up Your Own Story Here’: Identities in Cyberspace from Twitter to Second Life
Authors: Meder Theo
Published: June 2021

The paper opens the discussion on the contemporaneity of the Internet in human life. Today our lives online are not something separate from our lives offline: both are an inherent part of our existence. The Author analyzed the identity and presentation of self in cyberspace from Twitter to Second Life (SL) contexts in terms of: expressions given; embellishment as a minor form of persona adoption; dividing the self; conforming and ‘fitting in’; and masking, anonymity and pseudonimity.
Radiographic Assessment of Dogs with Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Saini N. , Uppal S.K. , Anand A.
Published: June 2021

Background: Radiography is widely used for diagnosis of congestive heart failure as it enables non-invasive assessment of cardiac size, shape and pulmonary vasculature. So, the present study was conducted to record the radiographic changes in dogs with congestive heart failure. Methods: Fifty-one dogs with cardiac insufficiency brought to Teaching Veterinary Hospital of GADVASU, showing one of the clinical signs of chronic cough, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, abdominal distension, syncope and cyanosis were selected and were subjected to Lateral and Ventro-dorsal chest radiography. Result: Dilated cardiomyopathy was present in 24 dogs. Radiographically, pulmonary edema, cardiomegaly, vessel congestion were more common in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Valvular diseases were present in 16 dogs and radiographically left atrial (LA) dilatation was present in dogs with valvular diseases. Pericardial effusions were present in 11 dogs showing enlarged globoid heart radiographically.
Szasz Under Friendly Fire: Damned With Faint Praise
Authors: Spillane Robert , Counter Paul
Published: June 2021

This essay is a critical review of recent collections of articles by friends and colleagues of Thomas Szasz. Apart from the usual misunderstandings and wilful misinterpretations of Szasz's social psychology generally and critique of mental illness specifically, his friends and colleagues add a new dimension to Szaszian criticism by damning him with faint praise. Ignoring his indebtedness to social psychologist, George Herbert Mead, they interpret his work as an ideological defence of libertarianism, rather than as a logical critique of mental illness. A defence is, therefore, especially indicated.
Cultural Differences in the Use of Covert Coercion Among Mental Health Professionals of Latin Culture: A Focus Group Study
Authors: García-Cabeza Ignacio , Calcedo Alfredo , Mendoza Octavio Márquez , Mundt Adrián , Valentil Emanuel
Published: June 2021

Coercion in Mental Health is related to sociocultural contexts. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the uses and perceptions of covert coercion on the part of professionals from four Latin-culture countries (Spain, Italy, Mexico, and Chile) differ between them and from those described in the literature. We conducted a qualitative research, using focus groups with professionals, with targeted sampling and an iterative process for thematic analysis. Several differentiating categories were found: the use of alternative strategies of covert coercion (deception, emotional blackmail, and directiveness); the role of family and socioeconomic differences; and cultural aspects such as the unique role religion plays in Mexico, a relatively greater toleration of threat as a means of coercion.
Nursing Students' Perception Regarding Community Health Nursing Practical Modules Experience, at the Faculty of Nursing, Modern University for Technology and Information, Egypt
Authors: Moselhy Manal Mohamed
Published: June 2021

Background

Learning depends not only upon how teachers have designed and structured their subjects and courses but also upon how their students perceive and understand this design and structure. Understanding student's level of perception with their clinical education forms a basis of determining the quality of nursing education.

Objective

Assess nursing students' perception of their learning experience with community health nursing practical modules.

Methods

Cross-sectional descriptive study, the convenience sample included 149 students studying a community health nursing practical course at the Faculty of Nursing affiliated to Modern University for Technology and Information. Three tools were used; (a) interviewing questionnaire regarding demographic characteristics. (b) Undergraduate modules experience questionnaire and (c) Student evaluation of clinical education environment inventory.

Results

Students' total perception mean scores regarding the practical modules experience questionnaire was(79.82%), and different community clinical learning environment, family health centers (82.01%), schools (76. 83%), and geriatric homes (79. 29%) with statistical significance differencesp≤ .042. Furthermore, significant relationship was found between students' academic achievement and total perception of the Undergraduate Modules Experience Questionnaire (UMEQ) and its subscales, Good Teaching, Intellectual Motivation (p≤ .01), Clear goals and standards and Generic Skills (p≤ .04), Appropriate Assessment and Overall Satisfaction (p≤ .05).

Conclusion

Nursing students revealed a higher positive perception of community health nursing practical modules experiences. However, there was few areas are required for improving quality of the practical modules.

Implications for nursing education

Increasing period of students' clinical training exposure, teaching the skills of effective time management as well as increasing number of the academic staff in the community health nursing department are recommended strategies for improving quality of community health nursing practical modules.
Improving the Perception of Patient-Centered Wellness in a Virtual Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Myers Sybilla , Kennedy Christopher
Published: June 2021

Background

Perceived health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is fundamental to well-being and is a meaningful way to measure physical and mental health.

Local Problem

No standard method exists for measuring perceived HRQOL during the COVID-19 pandemic in participants as they attempt to improve their self-determined wellness goals. An implementation plan that considers the social distancing limitations imposed can be used to predict an individual's likelihood of long-term success.

Methods

During the four, 2-week plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles, the Social Cognitive Theory model informed the implementation of the four core interventions. To guide iterative changes, the data was analyzed through Excel and run charts.

Interventions

The four core interventions were the shared decision-making tool (SDMT), health mobile app tool (HMAT), wellness tracker tool (WTT), and the team engagement plan.

Results

Among 28 participants, perceived quality of life increased by 70%, engagement in shared decision-making increased to 82%, app use and confidence increased to 85%, and goal attainment reached 81%.

Conclusions

The SDMT, health app, and wellness tracker created a methodical plan of accountability for increasing participant wellness. The contextual barrier of the COVID-19 pandemic added a negative wellness burden which was mitigated by creating a patient-centered culture of wellness.
Reproduction of labour resources in the Moscow health organizations
Authors: Yarasheva Aziza
Published: June 2021

The article is aimed at studying topical issues related to the conditions for the reproduction of labour resources. Its key concepts and basic provisions are associated with a group of factors influencing this process: organizational and economic (improving the organization of production and management) and socio-psychological (improving working conditions, moral and psychological climate in the team). The results of a study (2019-2020) are presented on the development of the institution of mentoring in organizations of the capital's health care and methods for assessing the motivation of medical personnel to work. The main results of the study: the need and readiness of medical workers (doctors and nurses of metropolitan healthcare organizations) for mentoring, their incentives and degree of involvement in the mentoring / tutoring system (reasons for unwillingness to become mentors), indicators of effectiveness in mentoring were identified. The main group (material and non-material) incentives for the provision of services to the population at a high-quality level, as well as criteria for assessing the motivation of medical personnel to conscientiously perform their professional duties, have been identified. Shown: the relationship between the goals of reproduction of labour resources with the development of a motivational system for healthcare organizations; an algorithm for constructing a motivational map (a sample of the interpretation of the data obtained) is presented, which serves for: selection of personnel when hiring; evaluating the effectiveness of the adaptation period for newly hired medical personnel from other organizations; passing certification procedures; formation of a personnel reserve in health care organizations; when drawing up individual effective contracts for personnel; to prevent professional burnout and create a positive psychological climate in the team. The results obtained form the basis of the methodological recommendations used in the state metropolitan healthcare organizations
O impacto da sociologia: cultura de citações e modelos científicos / The impact of sociology: citation culture and scientific models
Authors: Brasil Jr. Antonio da Silveira , Carvalho Lucas Correia
Published: June 2021

O artigo discute alguns dos problemas envolvidos na utilização de métricas tradicionais de impacto da produção científica quando aplicadas às ciências sociais e, sobretudo, à sociologia. Aliando técnicas cientométricas com a abordagem sociológica, analisamos algumas das variáveis que permitem problematizar o uso universal dessas métricas, chamando a atenção para as especificidades das áreas do conhecimento e dos diferentes contextos científicos nacionais. Em perspectiva comparada, o artigo sugere que 1) artigos de um mesmo contexto nacional tendem a um perfil próximo de citação (“culturas de citação”); 2) temáticas relacionadas a questões nacionais não é um padrão exclusivo da sociologia brasileira.AbstractThe article discusses some of the problems involved in using traditional metrics of impact of scientific production when applied to social sciences and, above all, to sociology. Combining scientometric techniques with the sociological approach, we analyzed some of the variables that make it possible to problematize the universal use of these metrics, drawing attention to the specificities of the areas of knowledge and the different national scientific contexts. In a comparative perspective, the article suggests that 1) articles from the same national context tend to have a close citation profile (“citation cultures”); 2) themes related to national issues are not an exclusive pattern of Brazilian sociology.
Fabulações travestis sobre o fim
Authors: Leal Dodi Tavares Borges
Published: June 2021

Se o tempo cura, qual o tempo da cura? O fim é transitivo ou intransitivo? Quais os traços de uma curadoria de arte temporalizada? O texto aborda, desde a cosmovisão travesti, as interjeições especulativas altamente publicizadas na pandemia do novo coronavírus de “fim do teatro”, “fim do gênero”, “fim da espécie humana” e “fim do mundo” procurando apreender a operatividade econômico-filosófica curatorial do apocalipse e a curabilidade do fim. Pretende-se equacionar o que há no subsolo destes discursos, aventando o modo fabular das transgeneridades no sentido de desarmar os arranjos de comercialização do fim (Krenak, 2019) e de barganhas mercadológicas do luto social (Žižek, 2012). Almeja-se compreender os limites do corpo, da raça, do gênero e da cena para além do dilema da escassez de capital, tendo em vista o alargamento das dimensões cronológicas lineares da branquitude e da cisgeneridade. Notamos, assim, que a artesania espiralar do tempo (Martins, 2002), corresponde à audácia da elaboração do inacabamento inexorável da existência e da estética. Neste sentido, as fabulações travestis sobre o fim trazem para os estudos do futuro inscrições paradigmáticas de tempografias sincopadas, não obsolescentes da arte e da vida.
Voltammetric quantification of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent diflunisal based on the enhancement effect of cationic surfactant on boron-doped diamond electrode
Authors: Keskin Ertuğrul , Allahverdiyeva Shabnam , Alali Amer , Yardım Yavuz
Published: June 2021

The present work describes a simple, fast, and inexpensive voltammetric method for diflunisal measurement using a non-modified boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode. The oxidation of the agent was irreversible and presented a diffusion‐controlled process. The sensitivity of the square wave voltammetric measurements were significantly improved when the cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), was present in the supporting electrolyte solution. Using square-wave mode, a linear response was obtained for diflunisal quantification in 0.1 mol L-1 phosphate buffer solution (pH 2.5) solution containing 5×10-5 mol L-1 CTAB at +1.07 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) (after 30 s accumulation under open-circuit conditions). Linearity was found for 0.05 to 2.0 μg mL-1 (2.0×10-7-8.0×10-6 mol L-1) with a detection limit 0.013 μg mL-1 (5.2×10-8 mol L-1). The developed approach could be used for the quantification of diflunisal in pharmaceutical formulations.
A safe way of performing dangerous experiments. III. The safety box. 2. Demonstrating the reactions of alkali metals with concentrated oxoacids
Authors: Bukleski Miha , Petruševski Vladimir , Aleksova Slavica
Published: June 2021

A way to conciliate one of the most dangerous reactions and at the same time, a way of a systematic approach towards studying the reaction of the alkali metals and acids, has been offered. Explanation of the observed phenomena considering the extent of how vigorous the reaction is and the circumstances contributing to the rate of reaction due to the precipitate formation or water presence, are discussed.  In this paper, the reaction between some concentrated aqueous solutions of oxoacids (HNO3, H3PO4, H2SO4, HClO4) and alkali metals (Li, Na, K) are considered. Video clips of the experiments were prepared as an aid for those instructors that lack experience and/or the necessary materials. This publication is a continuation of the previously published article about the reaction of alkali metals with hydrohalic acids and is part of the series of publications under the general title “A Safe Way of Performing Dangerous Experiments”.
The Effect of Molasses Addition on Physical and Chemical Quality of Corn Plant Silage Given Fermented Mother Liquor
Authors: Yulanda Nidia , Hidajati Nove , Achmad Agung Budianto , Chrismanto Dony
Published: June 2021

Background: Making silage added with additives can improve the quality of silage nutrition and speed up the fermentation process. Molasses are widely used by farmers as additives for making silage. The use of molasses can be replaced with Fermented Mother Liquor (FML) in making silage. Purpose: to determine the effect of molasses addition on physical and chemical quality of corn plant silage given Fermented Mother Liquor (FML). Method: Observative data collection by making direct observations on making silage with two treatments consist of P0 (Corn Plant + 2% Fermented Mother Liquor (FML)) and P1 (Corn Plant + 2% Fermented Mother Liquor (FML) + 2% Molasses). The silage storage time was one week and on the seventh day observations were made on the physical and chemical quality of silage in each treatment. Result: The corn plant silage given fermented mother liquor (FML) without the addition of molasses produced better physical and chemical quality compared to corn plant silage given Fermented Mother Liquor (FML) with the addition of molasses. Conclusion: the corn plant silage given Fermented Mother Liquor (FML) only had better physical and chemical quality
Medical Malpractice System in the United States of America: Lesson to Learn for Indonesia
Authors: Susila Muh Endriyo
Published: June 2021

A system that serves the liability and settlement of medical malpractice disputes or commonly referred to as medical malpractice system has been established in many countries to respond the rise of medical malpractice claims against doctors. Medical malpractice system in the United States of America (the USA) has been relatively well developed as compared to other countries.  Beside adopting pretrial screening process in medical malpractice litigation, various methods of alternative to litigation have been developed in the USA. This paper aims to explore the development of the medical malpractice system in the USA and to see the possibility for Indonesia to learn. This normative legal research relies on the secondary data especially which were collected from online sources. It is found that there are some initiatives in the USA that can be adopted by Indonesia for improving its medical malpractice system, especially the establishment of pretrial screening panel. It is expected that pretrial screening process can eliminate meritless claims which later may reduce unnecessary legal actions against doctors.
The Use of Receivables as Collateral in Business Practices in Indonesia
Authors: Christiawan Rio
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article discusses the enforceability of Article 9 of Law No. 42 of 1999 on Fiduciary Guarantee that allows the use of receivables as debt collateral in business practices in Indonesia. Receivables bound by fiduciary collateral is deemed as a special collateral— in the context of civil law, a special collateral will be prioritized in case the debtor does not voluntarily make when due. In business practices, long-term receivables will be established following an agreement between a debtor and a third party, and the receivables that the debtor is entitled to receive from the third party will be provided as collateral to secure the debtor’s obligations under his loan agreement with the creditor. The issue discussed in this paper is the fact that although theoretically special collateral in the form of receivables should be able to increase the creditor’s assurance of getting repaid, in practice long-term receivables put higher risk on the creditor instead. As comparison, this paper uses the accounts receivables fiduciary in the United Kingdom. The Writing Method used in this paper is the normative juridical approach with a focus on conducting juridical studies regarding the creditors' risk in the use of receivables, specifically long-term debt collateral. This paper shows that receivables that are used as collateral in fiduciary agreements actually put the greatest risk on the creditor; especially if the agreement between the debtor and the third party stipulates that in case the debtor fails to fulfil his obligations, all receivables that he is supposed to receive from the third party will be aborted and become non-existent.
MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENT OF EXTRACTION TANNIN COMPOUNDS FROM PAPAYA LEAVES WITH 96% ETHANOL SOLVENT
Authors: Nurwahyuwono Devri Eko , Afrienty Viola Eka , Soemargono Soemargono , Erliyanti Nove Kartika
Published: June 2021

Papaya leaves contain antibacterial compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins.. Tannins are compounds that are often used as antibacterial, antioxidant, pest control, plant fungi, tanners and as a corrosion inhibitor.In this study, the value of the mass transfer coefficient was determined. This study used two varied operating conditions, namely stirring rotational speed (100, 200, 300 rpm) and extraction time (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes). The extraction process is carried out using a stirred extractor at a temperature of 65 ° C.The value of the mass transfer coefficient obtained is 0.00004 second-1 (100 rpm), 0.00005 second-1 (200 rpm), and 0.00007 second-1 (300 rpm) for the best concentration obtained at 150 minutes with speed turn the stirrer 300 rpm
MANAJEMEN MEDIA RELATIONS DALAM MENINGKATKAN CITRA POSITIF DAN REPUTASI PERUSAHAAN DI ERA ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Rizqiyah Riza Nur , Kriyantono Rachmat , Sujoko Anang
Published: June 2021

In the current disruptive era, the need for information access is becoming easier and is developing practically. One of the developments in technology and digitalization that has made progress in infrastructure and innovation in people's lives is the presence of artificial intelligence (AI), which provides convenience in helping jobs supported by big data. As a continuation of Public Relations activities in the current era, in building relations between organizations or companies and the public, media relations is one of the roles of PR in relation management. This study aims to discuss media relations management in enhancing the company's positive image on elements of public relations transformation in the 4.0 era. By using the literacy study method, this research is presented in a descriptive qualitative way to analyze data relating to the company's media relations management by mobilization and digitalization. The results found in this study are the role of AI is very helpful and easy in public relations work, especially in media relations activities. For companies, the presence of AI helps in managing the media used by the company as a form of disseminating information through social media owned by the company itself (owned media) which is done in real time. So that in the management of information through social media requires deception of content and media monitoring aimed at evaluating public relations in media relations activities that are able to enhance the company's positive image.
MORAL PESERTA DIDIK DAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM MENURUT PEMIKIRAN ‘ATHIYAH AL-ABRASYI
Authors:   UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Aziz Fikri Abdul
Published: June 2021

Basically, the real purpose of Islamic education is to produce moral students. The problem is that in Islamic Education there are still many moral deviations committed by people of various backgrounds and ages in Indonesia. Islamic education has not fully led to moral education. The purpose of this study was to determine the biography and thoughts of 'Athiyah al-Abrashyi in education, and the concept of moral education for students. This research method is library research. The results of this study indicate that the educational basis of 'Athiyah Al-Abrasyi brings the concept of a learning process that leads students to become adult humans. To achieve the true goal of Islamic education, 'Athiyah al-Abrashyi offers a concept of educational thought that can be used as a reference for education in Indonesia today.
Does Linearity Always Hold between Friction Force and Real Contact Area: An Experimental Study
Authors: Liang Xuan Ming , Xing Yuzhe , Li Leitao , Yuan Weike , Wang G.F.
Published: June 2021

Classical laws of friction suggest that friction force is proportional to the normal load and independent of the nominal contact area. As a great improvement in this subject, it is now widely accepted that friction force is proportional to the real area in contact, and much work has been conducted based on this hypothesis. In present study, this hypothesis will be carefully revisited by measuring the friction force and real contact area in-site and real-time at both normal loading and unloading stages. Our experiments reveal that the linear relation always holds between friction force and normal load. However, for the relation between friction force and real contact area, the linearity holds only at the loading stage while fails at the unloading stage. This study may improve our understanding of the origin of friction.