bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and associated risk factors of preterm birth among neonates in referral hospitals of Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Adugna Dagnew Getnet
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Preterm birth (PTB) is the largest direct cause of neonatal mortality and the second leading cause of under-five mortality following pneumonia. Although there are studies conducted before, the magnitude of PTB remains a major issue in most developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of premature birth among newborns delivered in Amhara Region Referral Hospitals, Northern Ethiopia.

Methods

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was undertaken from February to April 2020. A systematic sampling technique was used to select 482 mother-newborn pairs. The data were collected by interviewing the mothers and reviewing their charts using a structured and pretested questionnaire. The outcome variable was preterm birth. Data were entered using Epi-data version 4.6 and then analyzed using STATA software (version 14). Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to determine the risk factors associated with premature birth.

Results

In this study, the prevalence of premature birth was 11.41% (95% CI: 8.9, 14.6%). In multivariable logistic regression model; maternal age < 20 years (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 7.8: 95% CI 2.3–26), preeclampsia (AOR = 5: 95% CI 2.3–11), premature rupture of membrane (AOR = 3.9: 95%CI 1.6–9.0), chronic medical illness (AOR = 4.6:95% CI2.1–10), and history of stillbirth (AOR = 2.7: 95% CI 1.1–7.3) were significantly associated with preterm birth.

Conclusion

The study indicates preterm birth is a major public health problem among newborns delivered in Amhara region referral hospitals. The risk factors associated with preterm birth are maternal age <20 years, preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, chronic medical illness, and history of stillbirth. Therefore, public health interventions have to be made to reduce the burden of prematurity through early detection and management of preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, and chronic medical illness. Obstetric care providers should give due attention to women with an age of <20 years and a history of stillbirth.
The role of religious leaders on the use of HIV/AIDS prevention strategies among young people (15–24) in Lira district, Uganda
Authors: Murungi Tom , Kunihira Irene , Oyella Pamela , Mugerwa Moses , Gift Peruth , Aceng Mercy Jane , Abolo Lydia , Puleh Sean Steven
Published: October 2022

Background

Young people (15–24 years) bear the highest burden of new infections and are particularly vulnerable because of their highly risky behavior such as early sexual activity. There is paucity of information on the role of religious leaders in the multi-sectoral fight against HIV/AIDS. We examined the role of religious leaders in the use of HIV prevention strategies among young people.

Methods

A cross sectional study was conducted between March and April 2021 among 422 randomly selected young people in Lira district, Uganda. An interviewer administered a questionnaire to the young people in order to collect quantitative data. A total 20 key informants were purposively sampled and interviews were conducted with religious leaders using a key informant’s interview guide. Data was collected on social demographics, HIV prevention messages, and awareness about HIV prevention strategies. Data was analyzed using Stata version 15 using proportions, means, percentages, frequencies, and logistic regression analysis at a 95% level of significance. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic content analysis and the major themes were generated from the participants’ responses.

Results

About 57.1% (241/422) of the respondents were females. The prevalence of use of HIV prevention strategies among young people was 69.4%. Factors significantly associated with the use of HIV prevention included completing the primary level (aOR 4.95, p< 0.05), completing at least A level (aOR 8.85, p < <0.05), Awareness of HIV prevention strategies advocated for by religious leaders (aOR 0.02, p<0.001), religious leaders provided targeted HIV prevention messages (aOR 2.53, p<0.01), Advocacy for abstinence outside marriage and fidelity in marriage (aOR 35.6, p<0.01), Religious leaders preaching about HIV prevention (aOR 4.88, p<0.001). Qualitative data indicated that a section of religious leaders recommended abstinence/faithfulness. Condom use was the most discouraged HIV prevention strategy. However, most religious leaders agree with the fact that they have a role to play in HIV prevention, which includes sensitization, teaching and organizing sermons about HIV prevention.

Conclusion

The use of HIV prevention strategies advocated for by religious leaders among young people was nearly 70%. This finding indicates that religious leaders have a role to play in HIV/AIDS prevention among young people in the Lira district. This calls for the involvement of religious leaders in HIV prevention programs tailored to prevent new infections of HIV among young people.
Microglia have limited influence on early prion pathogenesis, clearance, or replication
Authors: Race Brent , Williams Katie , Baune Chase , Striebel James F. , Long Dan , Thomas Tina , Lubke Lori , Chesebro Bruce , Carroll James A.
Published: October 2022

Microglia (MG) are critical to host defense during prion infection, but the mechanism(s) of this neuroprotection are poorly understood. To better examine the influence of MG during prion infection, we reduced MG in the brains of C57BL/10 mice using PLX5622 and assessed prion clearance and replication using multiple approaches that included bioassay, immunohistochemistry, and Real-Time Quaking Inducted Conversion (RT-QuIC). We also utilized a strategy of intermittent PLX5622 treatments to reduce MG and allow MG repopulation to test whether new MG could alter prion disease progress. Lastly, we investigated the influence of MG using tga20 mice, a rapid prion model that accumulates fewer pathological features and less PrPres in the infected brain. In C57BL/10 mice we found that MG were excluded from the inoculation site early after infection, but Iba1 positive infiltrating monocytes/macrophage were present. Reducing MG in the brain prior to prion inoculation did not increase susceptibility to prion infection. Short intermittent treatments with PLX5622 in prion infected C57BL/10 mice after 80 dpi were unsuccessful at altering the MG population, gliosis, or survival. Additionally, MG depletion using PLX5622 in tga20 mice had only a minor impact on prion pathogenesis, indicating that the presence of MG might be less important in this fast model with less prion accumulation. In contrast to the benefits of MG against prion disease in late stages of disease, our current experiments suggest MG do not play a role in early prion pathogenesis, clearance, or replication.
The influence of the largest private shareholder on bank loans: Evidence from China
Authors: Liu Jie , Xu Limei , Zhang Qiaoyun
Published: October 2022

We point out that the largest private shareholders can use their information advantage of the industry to influence banks’ industry lending behavior. Using a sample of Chinese city commercial banks, we find that increasing of ownership stake of the largest private shareholders leads banks to lend more to their industries. Interestingly, the largest state-owned shareholders do not have this effect. More importantly, we confirmed the channel of the information advantage by analyzing the bank’s industry NPL ratio and the listed company’s maximum loan amount in the bank. Of course, the effect of the largest private shareholders is achieved by intervening in board decisions. In addition, the ownership structure can influence this effect.
Mitochondrial disease registries worldwide: A scoping review
Authors: Abdul-Fatah Ammanie , Esmaeilisaraji Leila , Juan Crisel Mae , Holcik Martin
Published: October 2022

Background

Mitochondrial diseases are a large group of genetically heterogeneous and clinically diverse disorders. Diagnosis often takes many years for which treatment may not exist. Registries are often used to conduct research, establish natural disease progression, engage the patient community, and develop best disease management practices. In Canada, there are limited centralized registries for mitochondrial disease patients, presenting a challenge for patients and professionals.

Objective

To support the creation of such a registry, a systematic scoping review was conducted to map the landscape of mitochondrial disease patient registries worldwide, with a focus on registry design and challenges. Furthermore, it addresses a knowledge gap by providing a narrative synthesis of published literature that describes these registries.

Methods

Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework was followed to systematically search English-language literature in PubMed and CINAHL describing the designs of mitochondrial disease patient registries, supplemented by a grey literature search. Data were extracted in Microsoft Excel. Stakeholder consultations were also performed with patient caregivers, advocates, and researchers to provide perspectives beyond those found in the literature. These data were thematically analyzed and were reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines.

Results

A total of 17 articles were identified describing 13 unique registries located in North America, Europe, Australia, and West Asia. These papers described the registries’ designs, their strengths, and weaknesses, as well as their tangible outcomes such as facilitating recruitment for research and supporting epidemiological studies.

Conclusion

Based on our findings in this review, recommendations were formulated. These include establishing registry objectives, respecting patients and their roles in the registry, adopting international data standards, data evaluations, and considerations to privacy legislation, among others. These recommendations could be used to support designing a future Canadian mitochondrial disease patient registry, and to further research directly engaging these registries worldwide.
Simulation study on LDL cholesterol target attainment, treatment costs, and ASCVD events with bempedoic acid in patients at high and very-high cardiovascular risk
Authors: Katzmann Julius L. , Becker Christian , Bilitou Aikaterini , Laufs Ulrich
Published: October 2022

Background and aims

The LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) treatment goals recommended by the 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines are only achieved in a minority of patients. The study objective was to estimate the impact of bempedoic acid treatment on LDL-C target attainment, drug costs, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events.

The simulation used a Monte Carlo approach in a representative cohort of German outpatients at high or very-high cardiovascular risk. Additionally to statins, consecutive treatment with ezetimibe, bempedoic acid, and a PCSK9 inhibitor was simulated in patients not achieving their LDL-C goal. Considered were scenarios without and with bempedoic acid (where bempedoic acid was replaced by a PCSK9 inhibitor when LDL-C was not controlled).

Results

The simulation cohort consisted of 105,577 patients, of whom 76,900 had very-high and 28,677 high cardiovascular risk. At baseline, 11.2% of patients achieved their risk-based LDL-C target. Sequential addition of ezetimibe and bempedoic acid resulted in target LDL-C in 33.1% and 61.9%, respectively. Treatment with bempedoic acid reduced the need for a PCSK9 inhibitor from 66.6% to 37.8% and reduced drug costs by 35.9% per year on stable lipid-lowering medication. Compared to using only statins and ezetimibe, this approach is projected to prevent additional 6,148 ASCVD events annually per 1 million patients, whereas PCSK9 inhibition alone would prevent 7,939 additional ASCVD events annually.

Conclusions

A considerably larger proportion of cardiovascular high- and very-high-risk patients can achieve guideline-recommended LDL-C goals with escalated lipid-lowering medication. Bempedoic acid is projected to substantially decrease the need for PCSK9 inhibitor treatment to achieve LDL-C targets, associated with reduced drug costs albeit with fewer prevented events.
Annona muricata L. peel extract inhibits carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes and reduces pancreatic β-cells, inflammation, and apoptosis via upregulation of PI3K/AKT genes
Authors: Ojo Oluwafemi Adeleke , Grant Susan , Amanze Jennifer Chidubem , Oni Abosede Itunuoluwa , Ojo Adebola Busola , Elebiyo Tobiloba Christiana , Obafemi Tajudeen Olabisi , Ayokunle Damilare Iyinkristi , Ogunlakin Akingbolabo Daniel
Published: October 2022

Background and objective

Annona muricata L. peel has been recognized for many ethnobotanical uses, including diabetes management. However, limited detailed scientific information about its mechanism of antidiabetic activity exists. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic properties of an aqueous extract of A. muricata peel (AEAMP) and its mechanism of action on alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

In vitro antidiabetic assays, such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase were analyzed on AEAMP. Alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg b.w) was used to induce diabetes in the rats. 150 mg/kg b.w positive control group doses of 6.67, 13.53, and 27.06 mg/kg were administered to 3 groups for twenty-one days. The positive control group was administered 30 mg/kg of metformin. The negative and normal control groups were administered distilled water. The fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, lipid profile, inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant markers, carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, and liver glycogen were analyzed as well as PI3K/AKT and apoptotic markers PCNA and Bcl2 by RT-PCR.

Results

AEAMP inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes more effectively than acarbose. AEAMP reduced FBG levels, HOMA-IR, G6P, F-1,6-BP, MDA, TG, TC, AI, CRI, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB in diabetic rats. Furthermore, in diabetic rats, AEAMP improved serum insulin levels, HOMA-β, hexokinase, CAT, GST, and HDL-c. Liver PI3K, liver PCNA and pancreas PCNA were not significantly different in untreated diabetic rats when compared to normal rats suggesting alloxan induction of diabetes did not downregulate the mRNA expression of these genes. AEAMP significantly up-regulated expression of AKT and Bcl2 in the liver and pancreatic tissue. It is interesting that luteolin and resorcinol were among the constituents of AEAMP.

Conclusions

AEAMP can improve β-cell dysfunction by upregulating liver AKT and pancreatic PI3K and AKT genes, inhibiting carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes and preventing apoptosis by upregulating liver and pancreatic Bcl2. However, the potential limitation of this study is the unavailability of equipment and techniques for collecting more data for the study.
Occurrence, antimicrobial resistance, and potential zoonosis risk of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in Indonesia: A review
Authors: Wibisono Freshinta Jellia , Effendi Mustofa Helmi , Wibisono Freshindy Marissa
Published: October 2022

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes avian colibacillosis or colibacillosis and is a major endemic disease of poultry worldwide, including in Indonesia. It is characterized by a black proventriculus and can damage other organs, leading to pericarditis, perihepatitis, water sacculitis, mesenteritis, and omphalitis. The APEC strain is one of the six main sub-pathotypes of the extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) pathotype. The relationship between APEC and infection in humans is questionable. The previous studies have suggested poultry products, including meat and eggs, as a potential source of infection for the transmission of ExPEC disease to humans. Due to the absence of reporting of disease incidents and the lack of literature updates on this disease, it seems as if APEC does not exist in Indonesia. Since bacterial resistance is a growing problem in Indonesia, and globally, the World Health Organization issued a statement regarding the importance of assessing related factors and their control strategies. Antimicrobial resistance, especially multidrug resistance, presents a challenge when treating infectious diseases. In Indonesia, the incidence of resistance to several antimicrobials in cases of avian colibacillosis is high. In addition, avian and human extraintestinal E. coli infections present a potential zoonotic risk. Furthermore, a relationship exists between antibiotic resistance to foodborne bacteria and the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in humans, so the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry must be controlled. Therefore, the One Health strategy should be implemented to prevent the overuse or misuse of antibiotics in the poultry industry. This review aimed to increase awareness of people who are at risk of getting Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) from poultry by controlling the spread of APEC by maintaining a clean environment and hygienic personnel in poultry farms.
The moisture distribution in wall-to-floor thermal bridges and its influence on mould growth
Authors: Xue Yucong , Fan Yifan , Lu Jiang , Ge Jian
Published: October 2022

Moisture in building envelopes increases the energy consumption of buildings and induces mould growth, which may be amplified within the area of thermal bridges due to their different hygrothermal properties and complex structures. In this study, we aimed to (1) reveal the moisture distribution in the typical thermal bridge (i.e., wall-to-floor thermal bridge, WFTB) and its surrounding area and (2) investigate the mould growth in a building envelope that includes both a WFTB and the main part of a wall, in a humid and hot summer/cold winter region of China (Hangzhou City). The transient numerical simulations which lasted for 5 years were performed to model the moisture distribution. Simulated results indicate that the moisture distribution presents significant seasonal and spatial differences due to the WFTB. The areas where moisture accumulates have a higher risk of mould growth. The thermal insulation layer laid on the exterior surface of a WFTB can reduce the overall humidity while uneven moisture distribution may promote mould growth and water vapour condensation.
Prostate gland volume estimation: anteroposterior diameters measured on axial versus sagittal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance images
Authors: Youn Seo Yeon , Choi Moon Hyung , Lee Young Joon , Grimm Robert , von Busch Heinrich , Han Dongyeob , Son Yohan , Lou Bin , Kamen Ali
Published: October 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of prostate volume estimates calculated from the ellipsoid formula using the anteroposterior (AP) diameter measured on axial and sagittal images obtained through ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods: This retrospective study included 456 patients with transrectal US and MRI from two university hospitals. Two radiologists independently measured the prostate gland diameters on US and MRI: AP diameters on axial and sagittal images, transverse, and longitudinal diameters on midsagittal images. The volume estimates, volumeax and volumesag, were calculated from the ellipsoid formula by using the AP diameter on axial and sagittal images, respectively. The prostate volume extracted from MRI-based whole-gland segmentation was considered the gold standard. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the inter-method agreement between volumeax and volumesag, and agreement with the gold standard. The Wilcoxon signedrank test was used to analyze the differences between the volume estimates and the gold standard.Results: The prostate gland volume estimates showed excellent inter-method agreement, and excellent agreement with the gold standard (ICCs >0.9). Compared with the gold standard, the volume estimates were significantly larger on MRI and significantly smaller on US (P<0.001). The volume difference (segmented volume–volume estimate) was greater in patients with larger prostate glands, especially on US.Conclusion: Volumeax and volumesag showed excellent inter-method agreement and excellent agreement with the gold standard on both US and MRI. However, prostate volume was overestimated on MRI and underestimated on US.
Vivência experienciada no assentamento Irmã Dorothy (entre Petrolina-PE e Casa Nova-BA)
Authors: Gomes Amelia Ludmila Pereira Gonçalves , Pereira Monica Aparecida Tomé , Vieira Denes Dantas
Published: October 2022

O presente estudo apresenta os elementos resultantes da reflexão da territorialização, vinculada ao modo de vida dos movimentos sem terra, a partir da vivência experiênciada em uma primeira reunião ocorrida entre os estudantes do curso de graduação em geografia, no ano de 2015 e os trabalhadores rurais vinculados ao MST do assentamento irmã Dorothy em Petrolina-PE. Na reunião foram tratados temas sobre modo de produção, território, campesinato, o cotidiano das famílias. A partir desse encontro e os conhecimentos e reflexões que constituem a trajetória acadêmica da discente (a época), hoje profissional, se observou-se a interação entre os conceitos de territorialização e o modo de vida dos movimentos dos trabalhadores sem terra. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a articulação entre a territorialização e o modo de vida dos trabalhadores sem terra. A metodologia adotada foi a bibliográfica com ênfase na experiência vivida na universidade por meio da leitura e discussão das temáticas e a articulação com o homem do campo. Com o auxilio de referenciais como: Santos, Martins, Burdieu, com discussões sobre o campo, as lutas pela terra e o modo de vida. Percebeu-se a importância dessa discussão frente ao direito a terra da população rural principalmente, no período do curso de geografia no ano de 2012 a 2016. Sendo assim, esta experiência de relato inserido no contexto real proporcionou um conhecimento crítico da situação contextualizado com a trajetória vivida, e sua relação com a vida acadêmica desde a graduação até o presente momento. Contribuindo assim, para uma formação acadêmica do mestrando, uma vez que apropriados desses conhecimentos, os futuros egressos possuirão sensibilidade e criticidade para condução correta da interação entre áreas afim.
Kiais, Authoritarianism, and Sinful Tourism in Madura
Authors: Quraisyin Dewi , Hanif Naufal Aulia
Published: October 2022

The economy can play a role in the resurgence of tourism on Madura Island, which has been known as a hidden paradise. Madura has a great tourism potential that needs to be maximally improved in order to overcome its economic problems. However, given its socio-cultural context, Madura is not sufficiently receptive to tourism. Several factors, including the rejection of the kiais (religious leaders/teachers), have contributed to the underdevelopment of Madura’s tourism industry. In Madura, a kiai serves as a religious and social figure with considerable influence in Madurese society who adhere to the philosophy of Buppa', Babbu, Guru, Rato (“Father-Mother, Teacher, Government”). This qualitative research found a conflict of interests between two groups: the kiais as the guardian of culture and religion and the managers as a modern progressive group. In addition, I conclude that the efforts made by the kiais as social elites in rejecting the development of tourism in Lon Malang Beach show that there is a power of authority that makes it easier for the kiais to maintain their conservative religious views and reject any upcoming changes.
Responsible Business – A Timely Introspection and Future Prospects
Authors:   Center for Tourism Research, Wakayama University, Japan, Ting Hiram
Published: October 2022

The concept of responsible business is well-known, but not necessarily known well. In this editorial, we seek to conduct a timely introspection of the term, clarifying its definition and characteristics, and launching future research prospects for scholars. Within this vein, it is evident that there is overall consensus as to the principles of responsible business, though there are ongoing debates as to how the term is manifested across different contexts comprising stakeholders with various priorities. For this reason, we argue that a contextual approach is needed, and that businesses need to align their organizational goals with wider expectations on environmental, social and corporate governance outcomes as informed by their ecosystems. Future studies should then be directed towards unpacking some of these cultural influences, and the effectiveness of the quadruple helix (business, academia, industry and society) in delivering responsible business outcomes. These can likewise be undertaken through cross-comparative and longitudinal studies to elucidate global best practices.
Big data network security defense mode of deep learning algorithm
Authors: Yu Yingle
Published: October 2022

With the rapid development and progress of big data technology, people can already use big data to judge the transmission and distribution of network information and make better decisions in time, but it also faces major network threats such as Trojan horses and viruses. Traditional network security functions generally wait until the network power is turned on to a certain extent before starting, and it is difficult to ensure the security of big data networks. To protect the network security of big data and improve its ability to defend against attacks, this article introduces the deep learning algorithm into the research of big data network security defense mode. The test results show that the introduction of deep learning algorithms into the research of network security model can enhance the security defense capability of the network by 5.12%, proactively detect, and kill cyber attacks that can pose threats. At the same time, the security defense mode will evaluate the network security of big data and analyze potential network security risks in detail, which will prevent risks before they occur and effectively protect the network security in the context of big data.
Delayed femoral vein ligation reduces operative time and blood loss during hip disarticulation in patients with extremity tumors
Authors: Yu Hongwei , Wang ShuHuai , Song Qi , You Yan , Bao Junjie , Yao Meng
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of delayed femoral vein ligation on the clinical outcomes of hip disarticulation. We retrospectively reviewed 20 patients with extremity tumors (10 bone tumors and 10 soft tissue sarcomas [STS]) who underwent hip disarticulation. Patients treated for hip disarticulation with synchronous femoral vein ligation (n = 10, regular surgery group) and hip disarticulation with delayed femoral vein ligation (n = 10, delayed ligation group), respectively, were enrolled in this study. The operative time and blood loss were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes. The delayed ligation group had significantly lower operative times than the regular surgery group (P < 0.05). Total, hidden, and intraoperative blood loss were all significantly lower in the delayed ligation group than in the regular surgery group (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in postoperative blood loss. In conclusion, delayed femoral vein ligation could significantly reduce the operative time, hidden blood loss, and intraoperative blood loss in patients undergoing hip disarticulation.
The crystal structure of (tris(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine)-benzoato-copper(II) perchlorate monohydrate, CuC31H28N7O7Cl
Authors: Li Ji , Miao Mingzhi
Published: October 2022

CuC31H28N7O7Cl, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 10.1386(6) Å, b = 12.1155(8) Å, c = 14.1972(8) Å, α = 100.297(2)°, β = 98.411(2)°, γ = 112.744(2)°, V = 1536.78(16) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0613, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1519, T = 250(2) K.
The New Girls’ Clubs: Candidate Training Programs and the Women Changing the Face of United States Politics
Authors: Carson Sarah A.
Published: October 2022

Hundreds of training and support programs for women political candidates have emerged in the United States as increasing numbers of women run for elected office. Drawing on two years of ethnographic research with Republican and Democratic programs, I outline how the groups not only provide skills training but also function as supportive social networks that propel women into leadership, toeing the line between rethinking what leadership looks like and encouraging participants to adopt entrenched practices that reflect existing gendered norms.

A qualitative investigation shows that the “sisterhood” created through training is a crucial support system for alumnae, less robust but perhaps particularly important for Republican women whose party leaders and institutions are less willing to support women as an identity group. Training networks vary in the amount of support and resources they can provide, but program alumnae across the board seek to help each other socially, emotionally, and materially with advising, mentorship, volunteering, and fundraising. By helping participants band together to propel each other into elected office, women’s candidate training organizations can serve as substitutes for elite traditional fundraising and mentorship “boys’ club” networks. They are an increasingly important mechanism through which members of historically excluded communities can gain power.
Triumph and Trauma: Justifications of Mass Violence in Deuteronomistic Historiography
Authors: Markl Dominik
Published: October 2022

This article investigates the justifications of mass violence in Deuteronomistic historiography through the lens of cultural trauma. The analysis concentrates on the representation and justification of mass violence, that is mass killings and other forms of violence against non-combatants, in Israel’s conquest of the promised land in the books of Deuteronomy and Joshua as well as during the loss of the land at the hand of the Assyrian and Babylonian armies, as narrated in 2 Kings 17–25. A comparison of these texts and their respective historical backgrounds helps to profile the contrasts and continuities between them. Trauma theory sheds light on both narratives as media to recover agency and to reconstruct collective identity for emerging Judaism via the historiographical representation of cultural trauma.
Sociedade da (des)informação: a omissão do Brasil sobre mortes trans e travestis
Authors: GRUBBA Leilane Serratine , PORTO A. B.
Published: October 2022

The aim of this work is to publicize, analyze, and discuss the failure of Brazil’s public authorities to release data on the country’s LGBTQI+ population, mainly on deaths and violence suffered by its trans women. The problem centers on the crucial role played by the publication of data on murders and violence suffered by the LGBTQI+ population, mainly trans women, as the main method for reducing violence and raising society’s awareness on respect for life and human dignity. Our hypothesis that it is by means of publicizing information (internet, media, technology), whether by public bodies or the media, that we may deconstruct the negative and hetero-patriarchal cultural heritage which trivializes violence against trans women. The research takes the deductive method as methodology alongside bibliographic and documentary research techniques.
O PARLAMENTO E O TRABALHO FEMININO TUPINAMBÁ NA CONSTRUÇÃO E MANUTENÇÃO DO EMPREENDIMENTO FRANÇA EQUINOCIAL (1594-1615)
Authors: Cristina Costa da Conceição Karen , Guida Navarro Alexandre
Published: October 2022

A experiência francesa configura-se como um tema controverso na historiografia brasileira e ao mesmo tempo instigante. A análise deste histórico episódio esteve durante décadas desatenta ao protagonismo indígena na construção e manutenção do projeto França Equinocial e ao processo de formação do território Maranhense. Pretendo, neste artigo, explorar o projeto franco-ameríndio, analisando as negociações entre os indígenas e os franceses, conferindo ênfase às agências dos primeiros, demonstrando, por meio da leitura de crônicas de viagens, como os nativos, por seus saberes, eram atores de suas próprias histórias e não apenas subjugados pelas ações dos europeus. A análise das narrativas visibiliza que a empresa francesa se manteve, mesmo que breve, em virtude da colaboração dos Tupinambá e na permanência de alguns elementos da cultura indígena, entre eles o parlamento/assembleias e os enlaces matrimoniais que davam acesso ao trabalho feminino. E ainda, que os nativos não aceitaram passivamente a imposição unilateral de um novo modo de vida, estiveram conscientes de que os portugueses eram inimigos dos franceses, e desse modo, criaram estratégias que impôs limites ao projeto colonial dos parisienses.
TRADUÇÃO: OS WARAO DO DELTA DO ORINOCO: UMA CULTURA DE PALAFITEIROS
Authors: Navarro Alexandre
Published: October 2022

A descoberta de aldeias de palafitas pré-históricas chamadas de estearias na região estuarina do estado do Maranhão, no leste do Brasil, serve de exemplo de comparação etnográfica com as aldeias de palafitas na América do Sul. Os Warao, indígenas das terras baixas do delta do Orinoco, são povos cuja adaptação cultural às várzeas das florestas tropicais inclui casas construídas sobre estacas sobre a água, além de outras estruturas. Neste artigo, apresentaremos as características da cultura Warao, registradas ao longo de mais de quatrocentos anos. Embora sua cultura às vezes seja representada como uma rara sobrevivência dos primeiros grupos de caçadores-coletores do Holoceno, as evidências corroboram para grupos de uma variação regional das maiores culturas da floresta tropical da Amazônia. Embora a aculturação forçada de missionários, fazendeiros, proprietários de serrarias e agricultores no final do século 20 tenha integrado alguns Warao às nações ocidentais, a maioria deles ainda vive em áreas úmidas de florestas ribeirinhas ou de marés, como registraram os primeiros exploradores europeus. A sociedade tradicional Warao ainda é organizada em famílias matrilocais lideradas por uma mulher mais velha, suas filhas, cônjuges e filhos. Os Warao ainda vivem a partir da exploração sazonal de frutos, amido de palmeiras cultivadas, domesticadas e selvagens, ervas, cultivo de milho e pesca. A caça da maioria dos grandes animais é tabu, mas espécies menores são consumidas e patos são domesticados. As estruturas materiais de seus assentamentos, geralmente feita de colmo, são distribuídas e construídas em plataformas elevadas sobre estacas ou no solo em diques aluviais mais altos. Pequenos edifícios rituais nos assentamentos incluem uma casa de isolamento ritual para mulheres a oeste, e, a leste, um santuário com ídolos de pedra, instrumentos rituais e um armazém para estocagem de amido de palmeiras para festivais sazonais. A rica ideologia religiosa dos Warao concentra-se nos espíritos ancestrais e deidades astronômicas de um cosmos mítico estabelecido pela primeira xamã, uma divindade chamada "Mãe da Floresta". Seu alter ego, a serpente da água, está representada nas canoas que os Warao se especializaram em fazer. Um festival anual liderado por mulheres e oficializado por sacerdotes-xamãs de ambos os sexos celebra a colheita de amido do buriti com canto, dança, festa e confecção de artesanato especial. Reconhecidos como navegadores e remadores infatigáveis, os Warao sempre comercializaram ativamente seus inúmeros produtos, desde canoas, remos, redes e cestas a pássaros domésticos, cães de caça e peixes defumados.
LA REGIÓN DEL CARIBE COLOMBIANO COMO ESCENARIO PRECOLOMBINO PARA DESARROLLOS AGRÍCOLAS, PROCESOS DE SEDENTARIZACIÓN Y NUEVAS TECNOLOGÍAS DURANTE EL PERÍODO FORMATIVO
Authors: Rocio Carvajal Contreras Diana
Published: October 2022

La investigación arqueológica en la zona del Caribe colombinao desde principios del siglo XX, ha proporcionado un cuerpo desigual de datos en torno al medio ambiente, las interacciones entre las poblaciones humanas y su evolución cultural. Grupos como los Tairona y los Zenués de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta y las llanuras caribeñas destacan como ejemplos de complejidad social. El objetivo de este artículo está dirigido a mostrar cómo esta zona en las cercanías del Mar Caribe durante el llamado Formativo (5000 - 1000 A.P.), presenta poblaciones precolombinas cuya evidencia material describe los primeros desarrollos agrícolas, el uso de recursos animales y la aparición de nuevas tecnologías como la cerámica que permitieron adaptarse a una diversidad de ambientes en estas tierras bajas tropicales y a sus condiciones de movilidad típicas de los cazadores-recolectores con restricción territorial.
ARQUEOLOGIA DA PAISAGEM E PERCEPÇÃO: O CASO DO REGISTRO DE VIAMÃO
Authors: Carlos Soares Antonio
Published: October 2022

Aplicando pressupostos teóricos elencados em obras influenciadas pela Virada Linguística e pela fenomenologia, que discutem paisagem, percepção e conceitos, o presente ensaio pretende demonstrar que o entendimento sobre os lugares originários de Santo Antônio da Patrulha, formado a partir de duas frentes marcantes de esforços científicos na última metade do século XX, que se inscrevem em contextos e em paradigmas de seus tempos, podem ser complementados a partir de conhecimentos teóricos que se formaram a posteriori. Apresenta um estudo de caso sobre a localização do Registro de Viamão, utilizando como recursos prospectivos a memória social e a releitura de contextos históricos em fontes, considerando que conceitos expressos nestas podem manifestar uma percepção distinta da atual.
ASPECTOS DA MÚSICA INDÍGENA DOS TUPINAMBÁ CONTADOS NA HISTÓRIA DA MISSÃO DOS PADRES CAPUCHINHOS NA ILHA DO MARANHÃO E TERRAS CIRCUNVIZINHAS POR D’ABBEVILLE (1614)
Authors: Costa Gouveia Neto João , Guida Navarro Alexandre
Published: October 2022

A música acompanha a história humana desde os seus primórdios. Na Pré-História, diversos artefatos recuperados pela Arqueologia evidenciam o uso de vários instrumentos musicais, como as ocarinas e flautas de pan em osso. A documentação etno-histórica colonial no continente americano igualmente relata as diversas práticas culturais associadas à música, a exemplo de danças rituais e matrimônio. Este artigo examina em quais contextos sociais a música esteve presente na documentação colonial escrita por padres europeus sobre os Tupinambá da ilha do Maranhão, Brasil, bem como identificar estes instrumentos. A principal fonte consultada é a História da missão dos padres capuchinhos na ilha do Maranhão e terras circunvizinhas,escrita pelo capuchinho francês Claude D’Abbeville em 1614.
OS SAMBAQUIEIROS E AS ÁGUAS. REFLEXÕES SOBRE AS RELAÇÕES ENTRE O MODO DE VIDA PESCADOR E OS RIOS, AS LAGOAS E OS MARES
Authors: Antonio da Silva Lucas , Gaspar MaDu
Published: October 2022

A proposta central do artigo é trazer algumas reflexões sobre a relação dos sambaquieiros com as águas. Partindo da delimitação desses grupos enquanto eminentemente pescadores, serão apresentados estudos que demonstram a importância das águas como um elemento agenciador do modo de vida pescador. Nesse sentido, a argumentação seguirá na evidenciação da importância dos “aquatórios”, da visibilidade e da navegação e, por fim, a do grande volume de peixes e outros seres aquáticos presentes nos sítios arqueológicos.
Musical Meter Induces Interbrain Synchronization during Interpersonal Coordination
Authors: Hu Yinying , Zhu Min , Liu Yang , Wang Zixuan , Cheng Xiaojun , Pan Yafeng , Hu Yi
Published: October 2022

Music induces people to coordinate with one another. Here, we conduct two experiments to examine the underlying mechanism of the interbrain synchronization (IBS) that is induced by interpersonal coordination when people are exposed to musical beat and meter. In experiment 1, brain signals at the frontal cortex were recorded simultaneously from two participants of a dyad by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning, while each tapped their fingers to aural feedback from their partner (coordination task) or from themselves (independence task) with and without the musical meter. The results showed enhanced IBS at the left-middle frontal cortex in case of the coordination task with musical beat and meter. The IBS was significantly correlated with the participants performance in terms of coordination. In experiment 2, we further examined the IBS while the participants coordinated their behaviors in various metrical contexts, such as strong and weak meters (i.e., high/low loudness of acoustically accenting beats). The results showed that strong meters elicited higher IBS at the middle frontal cortex than weak meters. These findings reveal that the musical beat and meter can affect brain-to-brain coupling in action coordination between people, and provide insights into the interbrain mechanism underlying the effects of music on cooperation.
Phospholipid imbalance impairs autophagosome completion
Authors: Polyansky Alexandra , Shatz Oren , Fraiberg Milana , Shimoni Eyal , Dadosh Tali , Mari Muriel , Reggiori Fulvio M , Qin Chao , Han Xianlin , Elazar Zvulun
Published: October 2022

Autophagy, a conserved eukaryotic intracellular catabolic pathway, maintains cell homeostasis by lysosomal degradation of cytosolic material engulfed in double membrane vesicles termed autophagosomes, which form upon sealing of single‐membrane cisternae called phagophores. While the role of phosphatidylinositol 3‐phosphate (PI3P) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in autophagosome biogenesis is well‐studied, the roles of other phospholipids in autophagy remain rather obscure. Here we utilized budding yeast to study the contribution of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to autophagy. We reveal for the first time that genetic loss of PC biosynthesis via the CDP‐DAG pathway leads to changes in lipid composition of autophagic membranes, specifically replacement of PC by phosphatidylserine (PS). This impairs closure of the autophagic membrane and autophagic flux. Consequently, we show that choline‐dependent recovery of de novo PC biosynthesis via the CDP‐choline pathway restores autophagosome formation and autophagic flux in PC‐deficient cells. Our findings therefore implicate phospholipid metabolism in autophagosome biogenesis.
Freedom of Association for Labours in the Industrial Relationship
Authors: Yunus Yunus
Published: October 2022

Law No. 21 of 2000 concerning Labor Unions is established freely, openly, independently, democratically and are also responsible for workers to fight for the interests of workers and their families. Likewise, unions are expected to be able to coordinate the realization of the right to unionize to the fullest. Because everyone is given the right to freely form or participate in membership or become administrators in community organizations in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. The right of association for workers, as regulated in the International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention Number 87 concerning Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize. This paper is intended to analyze the concept of freedom of association and the dispute on the industrial relationship.
An Evaluation of the Challenges of Mainstreaming Cybersecurity Laws and Privacy Protection in Nigeria
Authors: Nte Ngboawaji Daniel , Enoke Brebina Kelvin , Omolara Joda Adekunbi
Published: October 2022

The goal of this study is to discuss cybercrimes and review cybersecurity threats, with a focus on cybersecurity legislations in Nigeria that seek to protect the privacy and digital property of the Nigerian people and the country’s institutions. The study’s methodology includes a qualitative examination of Nigeria's present national cybersecurity laws. It explores how effective they are and interrogates the additional measures that may be needed-notably in cybersecurity and related national laws-to ensure that individuals, institutions are protected and that society and the national economy function well in the 21st Century. Individuals have a right to privacy, so do companies and various other institutions in post- modern societies. This right varies widely across different countries across the globe. In some countries it is minimal or non-existent, in others it is hard fought for constitutional right. In order to reap the benefits of advanced technologies in the information age, personal and institutional data have to be made available to merchants, institutions and government. The benefits of advanced technologies are immense-and vital to modern economies. However, this process involves risks. Abuse of the data is a risk, and criminal abuse has become widespread.
A Health Promoting Hospital
Authors: Masiello Matthew G.
Published: October 2022

No abstract.
Credentialing of the Public Health Work Force
Authors: Goldstein Bernard D.
Published: October 2022

Pennsylvania ranks last nationally among all states in the size of its public health workforce per capita. More than a doubling of the current workforce would be needed for Pennsylvania to achieve even the national average. For the foreseeable future Pennsylvania will depend even more heavily than other states on having a highly skilled public health workforce to overcome our shortages in numbers. In this paper, I will discuss the efforts to at long last develop a core credential for the public health workforce and the potential impact this will have on ensuring a highly competent public health work force capable of responding to the public health challenges facing our state and our nation. I will also consider the relationship between public health and medicine including comparing the approaches toward credentialing. Public health is virutally the only professional field without a credential. After many years of committees, task forces, and a recommendation from the Surgeon General, the National Board of Public Health Examiners (NBPHE) was incorporated in December 2005. Its volunteer board has seats allocated to a broad range of participating public health organizations. The first credentialing examination in August 2008, will test for knowledge of core and cross-cutting educational competencies that are relevant to the practice of public health. The driving forces leading to credentialing in public health include: 1) heightened recognition of the importance of the public health work force; 2) an increase in both the absolute number and percent of public health graduates who have no other credential; 3) increase in the availability of public health graduate education throughout the country; 4) societal demand for credentialing and for professional accountability; and 5) improved delineation of the core and cross-cutting educational competencies underlying public health practice.
Where Was the Electricity?
Authors: Mallinson Daniel J.
Published: October 2022

Electric-power deregulation policy in the United States has served as useful research material for political scientists. This article uses a case study of the implementation of electric-rate deregulation in Pennsylvania to draw conclusions about broader agenda-setting theory. Case studies are useful for testing and improving broad theoretical concepts, particularly when deviations from the expectations of those theories occur. There was reasonable expectation for a policy punctuation surrounding electric-rate mitigation in 2008, but that punctuation never came. This article supports the notion that punctuations do not always follow periods of policy stability, even if policy has become misaligned with preferences. In this case, environmental factors (i.e., economic conditions) served to release pressure in the system for policy punctuation. This article also reinforces the usefulness of case studies in political science.