bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Kiser Katie L. , Badowski Melissa E.
Published: November 2010

Prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism are gaining attention in the lay and medical communities because of an increase in frequency, cost, and risk factors. Evidence shows that patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have multiple risk factors and a 2–10‐fold increased risk for venous thromboembolism compared with the general population. A higher rate of venous thromboembolism also occurs in patients with HIV who are younger than 50 years (3.31% vs 0.53% in age‐matched healthy controls, p<0.0001), have a CD4+ cell count less than 200 cells/mm3, or have a diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Both protein S and C deficiencies—disorders that may predispose individuals to thrombotic disease—are considered risk factors; in addition, the use of protease inhibitors and the presence of active opportunistic infections or antiphospholipid antibodies may be associated with venous thromboembolism. It is imperative that all risk factors for venous thromboembolism be identified and incorporated into medical decision making for high‐risk patients, including those with HIV. The classification and mechanism of these risk factors are not well understood. Long‐term, prospective studies assessing the factors associated with venous thromboembolism in patients with HIV are needed. Risk stratification systems or screening tools, as well as effective preventive measures, must be developed.
Current Approaches to the Treatment of Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ye Sheng-Long , Takayama Tadatoshi , Geschwind Jeff , Marrero Jorge A. , Bronowicki Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2010

For patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), potentially curative treatment options exist, including liver transplantation, surgical resection, and ablation therapy. These treatments are associated with survival benefits, and outcomes are optimized by identification of appropriate patients. However, further studies are needed to definitively confirm optimal treatment approaches for all patients.

Treatment patterns vary in different parts of the world as a result of geographic differences in the incidence and presentation of the disease. In particular, because of successful screening programs, a high proportion of tumors that are identified in Japan are amenable to curative treatments, which are appropriate in a smaller proportion of patients in the west, although screening is now widely carried out in industrialized countries. Differences in the applicability of transplantation are also evident between the west and Asia.

Although existing treatments for early-stage HCC are supported by considerable evidence, there remain significant data gaps. For example, further data, ideally from randomized controlled trials, are needed regarding: the use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy to decrease the rate of recurrence after resection or ablation, further investigation of the role of chemoprevention following resection, and prospective analysis of outcomes of living donor compared with deceased donor liver transplantation.
Studies of viscous antagonism, excess molar volumes, viscosity deviation and isentropic compressibility of ternary mixtures containing N,N-dimethylformamide, benzene and some ethers at 298.15K
Authors: Chanda Riju , Banerjee Ashis , Roy Nath
Published: November 2010

The densities (?) and viscosities (?) for ternary liquid mixtures of
N,N-dimethylformamide + benzene + an ether were measured as a function of
composition at 298.15 K. From experimental measurements, the excess molar
volumes (VE), viscosity deviation (??), antagonic interaction index (IA) and
Gibbs free energy of activation for viscous flow (?G
Shreffler Stores Accounting Issues Related to Consumer Receivables, Asset Impairment, and Discontinued Operations: A Problem-Based Learning Unfolding Problem
Authors: Cottell Philip G.
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT: Shreffler Stores, a large, diversified holding company in the retail industry has recently acquired Value Amalgamated Lots (VAL), a catalog retailer. In the following Problem-Based Learning unfolding problem, students will assume the role as a member of the financial reporting team, working on the Shreffler Stores’ annual report for several periods. Students will focus on issues relating to the operations of VAL, the subsequent impact on the financial reports of Shreffler Stores, and how results drive later management decisions. The events were taken from an actual case encountered in the conduct of an audit performed by a public accounting firm. Among the accounting concepts addressed are accounts receivable, impairments of different kinds of assets, and accounting for discontinued operations. The problem can be used as a whole in a capstone course or in pieces as part of an intermediate course.
Fasting and 2-Hour Plasma Glucose and Insulin
Authors: Libman Ingrid M. , Barinas-Mitchell Emma , Bartucci Andrea , Chaves-Gnecco Diego , Robertson Robert , Arslanian Silva
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether elevated fasting or 2-h plasma glucose and/or insulin better reflects the presence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers in an overweight pediatric population with normal glucose tolerance.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A total of 151 overweight youths (8–17 years old) were evaluated with oral glucose tolerance tests and measurement of CVD risk factors. The study population was categorized according to quartiles of fasting and 2-h glucose and insulin levels. ANCOVA, adjusted for age, sex, race, Tanner stage, and percent body fat (measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), was used to compare metabolic variables between the quartiles of glucose and insulin groups.

RESULTS

Increasing quartiles of fasting and 2-h insulin were associated with increasing CVD risk factors. Glucose quartiles on the other hand, either fasting or at 2 h, were not.

CONCLUSIONS

These data suggest that hyperinsulinemia may be the earliest and/or primary metabolic alteration in childhood associated with risk markers for CVD. Prospective studies are needed.
Utilizing the Second-Meal Effect in Type 2 Diabetes: Practical Use of a Soya-Yogurt Snack
Authors: Chen Mei Jun , Jovanovic Ana , Taylor Roy
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effect of a prebreakfast high-protein snack upon postbreakfast hyperglycemia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We studied 10 men and women with diet- and/or metformin-controlled type 2 diabetes. Metabolic changes after breakfast were compared between 2 days: breakfast taken only and soya-yogurt snack taken prior to breakfast.

RESULTS

There was a significant lower rise in plasma glucose on the snack day. The incremental area under the glucose curve was 450 ± 55 mmol · min/l on the snack day compared with 699 ± 99 mmol · min/l on the control day (P = 0.013). The concentration of plasma free fatty acids immediately before breakfast correlated with the increment in plasma glucose (r = 0.50, P = 0.013).

CONCLUSIONS

Consuming a high-protein prebreakfast snack results in almost 40% reduction of postprandial glucose increment. The second-meal effect can be applied simply and practically to improve postbreakfast hyperglycemia in people with type 2 diabetes.
The Ugly Duckling: The Refinement of Ragtime Dancing and the Mass Production and Marketing of Modern Social Dance
Authors: Robinson Danielle
Published: November 2010

The focus of this article is the transformation of ragtime dancing into modern social dance by hundreds of teachers, writers and performers working in an emerging dance industry, rooted in New York City. Based on dance manuals and magazines of the period, I argue that dance professionals worked collectively to create new products (i.e. dances) that could more easily be mass-produced and marketed. Importantly, they called their efforts a ‘refinement’ of ragtime and justified their work through discourses of artistry and morality. Upon closer examination, however, the changes they made to the dances indicate that artistry and morality were actually achieved by removing the black associations of ragtime dancing and instead, using modern social dance to construct an idealized white racial identity.
Archives of the Dance (23): John Milton and Ruth Neils Ward Collection at The Harvard Theatre Collection, Harvard University & The Mikhail Larionov Archive at The State Tret'yakov Gallery, Moscow
Authors: Wiley Roland John
Published: November 2010

This essay reviews two catalogues of documents related to dance and opera, preserved in the Harvard Theatre Collection, together with a biographical sketch of the scholar who acquired them, John Milton Ward. The Ward Collection comprises ephemera – programs and libretti and playbills – printed and manuscript music, and unique documents relating to the production and management of theatre, such as patents, costume sketches, and rehearsal materials, all acquired from antiquaries. The rich spread of documents is no surprise with respect to London as a thriving theatrical centre, but is revealing as to the geographical distribution and variety of documents from Italy.
A Distinct Slow-Cycling Cancer Stem-like Subpopulation of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells is maintained in Vivo
Authors: Dembinski Jennifer L. , Krauss Stefan
Published: November 2010

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma has the worst prognosis of any major malignancy, with
Screening and Initial Binding Assessment of Fumonisin B1 Aptamers
Authors: McKeague Maureen , Bradley Charlotte R. , Girolamo Annalisa De , Visconti Angelo , Miller J. David , DeRosa Maria C.
Published: November 2010

Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum, fungi that are ubiquitous in corn (maize). Insect damage and some other environmental conditions result in the accumulation of fumonisins in corn-based products worldwide. Current methods of fumonisin detection rely on the use of immunoaffinity columns and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The use of aptamers offers a good alternative to the use of antibodies in fumonisin cleanup and detection due to lower costs and improved stability. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides that are selected using Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) for their ability to bind to targets with high affinity and specificity. Sequences obtained after 18 rounds of SELEX were screened for their ability to bind to fumonisin B1. Six unique sequences were obtained, each showing improved binding to fumonisin B1 compared to controls. Sequence FB1 39 binds to fumonisin with a dissociation constant of 100 ± 30 nM and shows potential for use in fumonisin biosensors and solid phase extraction columns.
Potential Anti-HIV Agents from Marine Resources: An Overview
Authors: Vo Thanh-Sang , Kim Se-Kwon
Published: November 2010

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and is a global public health issue. Anti-HIV therapy involving chemical drugs has improved the life quality of HIV/AIDS patients. However, emergence of HIV drug resistance, side effects and the necessity for long-term anti-HIV treatment are the main reasons for failure of anti-HIV therapy. Therefore, it is essential to isolate novel anti-HIV therapeutics from natural resources. Recently, a great deal of interest has been expressed regarding marine-derived anti-HIV agents such as phlorotannins, sulfated chitooligosaccharides, sulfated polysaccharides, lectins and bioactive peptides. This contribution presents an overview of anti-HIV therapeutics derived from marine resources and their potential application in HIV therapy.
Synthesis of New C2- Symmetric Fluoren-9-ylidene Malonate Derived Bis(oxazoline) Ligands and Their Application in Friedel-Crafts Reactions
Authors: Li Jing , Chen Hong-Liang , Liu Lei , Fu Bin
Published: November 2010

A series of new C2-symmetric fluoren-9-ylidene malonate-derived bis(oxazoline) ligands were synthesized from fluoren-9-ylidene malonate and enantiomerically pure amino alcohols via a convenient route. Their asymmetric catalytic properties in the Friedel-Crafts reactions of indoles with arylidene malonates were evaluated, and the Cu(OTf)2 complex of a fluoren-9-ylidene malonate-derived bis(oxazoline) bearing a phenyl group showed moderate to good enantioselectivity (up to 88% ee).
Antioxidant Capacities and Total Phenolic Contents of 56 Wild Fruits from South China
Authors: Fu Li , Xu Bo-Tao , Xu Xiang-Rong , Qin Xin-Sheng , Gan Ren-You , Li Hua-Bin
Published: November 2010

In order to identify wild fruits possessing high nutraceutical potential, the antioxidant activities of 56 wild fruits from South China were systematically evaluated. The fat-soluble components were extracted with tetrahydrofuran, and the water-soluble ones were extracted with a 50:3.7:46.3 (v/v) methanol-acetic acid-water mixture. The antioxidant capacities of the extracts were evaluated using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays, and their total phenolic contents were measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Most of these wild fruits were analyzed for the first time for their antioxidant activities. Generally, these fruits had high antioxidant capacities and total phenolic contents. A significant correlation between the FRAP value and the TEAC value suggested that antioxidant components in these wild fruits were capable of reducing oxidants and scavenging free radicals. A high correlation between antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content indicated that phenolic compounds could be the main contributors to the measured antioxidant activity. The results showed that fruits of Eucalyptus robusta, Eurya nitida, Melastoma sanguineum, Melaleuca leucadendron, Lagerstroemia indica, Caryota mitis, Lagerstroemia speciosa and Gordonia axillaris possessed the highest antioxidant capacities and total phenolic contents among those tested, and could be potential rich sources of natural antioxidants and functional foods. The results obtained are very helpful for the full utilization of these wild fruits.
Fully Automated Spectrometric Protocols for Determination of Antioxidant Activity: Advantages and Disadvantages
Authors: Sochor Jiri , Ryvolova Marketa , Krystofova Olga , Salas Petr , Hubalek Jaromir , Adam Vojtech , Trnkova Libuse , Havel Ladislav , Beklova Miroslava , Zehnalek Josef , Provaznik Ivo , Kizek Rene
Published: November 2010

The aim of this study was to describe behaviour, kinetics, time courses and limitations of the six different fully automated spectrometric methods - DPPH, TEAC, FRAP, DMPD, Free Radicals and Blue CrO5. Absorption curves were measured and absorbance maxima were found. All methods were calibrated using the standard compounds Trolox® and/or gallic acid. Calibration curves were determined (relative standard deviation was within the range from 1.5 to 2.5 %). The obtained characteristics were compared and discussed. Moreover, the data obtained were applied to optimize and to automate all mentioned protocols. Automatic analyzer allowed us to analyse simultaneously larger set of samples, to decrease the measurement time, to eliminate the errors and to provide data of higher quality in comparison to manual analysis. The total time of analysis for one sample was decreased to 10 min for all six methods. In contrary, the total time of manual spectrometric determination was approximately 120 min. The obtained data provided good correlations between studied methods (R = 0.97 – 0.99).
Automated Detection of the Arterial Inner Walls of the Common Carotid Artery Based on Dynamic B-Mode Signals
Authors: Cheng Da-Chuan , Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno , Liu Chung-Hsiang , Liu Shing-Hong
Published: November 2010

In this paper we propose a novel scheme able to automatically detect the intima and adventitia of both near and far walls of the common carotid artery in dynamic B-mode RF (radiofrequency) image sequences, with and without plaques. Via this automated system the lumen diameter changes along the heart cycle can be detected. Three image sequences have been tested and all results are compared to manual tracings made by two professional experts. The average errors for near and far wall detection are 0.058 mm and 0.067 mm, respectively. This system is able to analyze arterial plaques dynamically which is impossible to do manually due to the tremendous human workload involved.
Fabrication and spectroscopic studies on highly luminescent CdSe/CdS nanorod polymer composites
Authors: Bomm Jana , Büchtemann Andreas , Fiore Angela , Manna Liberato , Nelson James H , Hill Diana , van Sark Wilfried G J H M
Published: November 2010

Highly luminescent nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating CdSe/CdS core/shell nanorods into different polymer matrices. The resulting nanocomposites show high transparency of up to 93%. A photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 70% was obtained, with an optimum combination of nanorod (0.05 wt %) and at a UV-initiator concentration of 0.1 wt % for poly(lauryl methacrylate). Nanorods tend to agglomerate in cellulose triacetate.
Minor Drug-Resistant HIV Type-1 Variants in Breast Milk and Plasma of HIV Type-1-Infected Ugandan Women after Nevirapine Single-Dose Prophylaxis
Authors: Pilger Daniel , Hauser Andrea , Kuecherer Claudia , Mugenyi Kizito , Kabasinguzi Rose , Somogyi Sybille , Harms Gundel , Kunz Andrea
Published: November 2010

Background

Nevirapine single-dose (NVP-SD) reduces mother-to-child transmission of HIV type-1 (HIV-1), but frequently induces resistance mutations in the HIV-1 genome. Little is known about drug-resistant HIV-1 variants in the breast milk of women who have taken NVP-SD.

Methods

Blood and breast milk samples of 39 HIV-1-infected Ugandan women were taken 6–12 weeks after NVP-SD intake. Samples were analysed by population sequencing and allele-specific real-time PCR (AS-PCR) with detection limits for NVP-resistant HIV-1 variants (K103N and Y181C) of <1% of the total viral population.

Results

AS-PCR results for both plasma and breast milk were obtained for 19 women who constituted the final study group (HIV-1 subtype frequencies were A1 n=11, D n=5, G n=2 and C n=1). A total of 7 (37%) and 10 (53%) women carried NVP-resistant virus in breast milk and plasma, respectively. Overall, 71% (5/7) women with NVP-resistant HIV-1 in breast milk displayed >1 drug-resistant variant. Resistance in breast milk was higher at week 6 (6/13 samples [46%]) compared with week 12 (1/6 samples [17%]). In total, 10 drug-resistant populations harbouring the K103N and/or Y181C mutation were detected in the 19 breast milk samples; 7 (70%) were caused by resistant minorities (<5% of the total HIV-1 population). In the four women with drug-resistant virus in both plasma and breast milk, the mutation patterns differed between the two compartments.

Conclusions

Minor populations of drug-resistant HIV-1 were frequently found in breast milk of Ugandan women after exposure to NVP-SD. Further studies need to explore the role of minor drug-resistant variants in the postnatal transmission of (resistant) HIV-1.
Voyage au cœur des fantasmes romanesques
Authors: Somé Isabelle
Published: November 2010

Résumé L’écrivain E. Weiss, fasciné par les découvertes de Freud, décide de partir à la recherche de son propre inconscient dans l’écriture, mettant au point une toute nouvelle forme hybride autofictionnelle que l’on peut appeler roman auto-analytique ou autobiographie fantasmatique. Le premier chapitre de ce texte intitulé L’épreuve du feu correspond au pacte fantasmatique du romancier avec son lecteur : cette scène originaire nous fait vivre la crise créatrice de l’auteur dont le psychisme est confronté au retour d’une blessure traumatique précoce de l’ordre de l’« innommable ». Cette plongée au cœur des fantasmes d’un romancier semble dévoiler la matrice autofictionnelle de l’écriture romanesque : envahi par un enfant perdu traumatisé, l’écrivain a recours à son témoin interne pour « trouver » cet « autre je » en proie à l’archaïque puis l’engendrer dans l’écriture. Les fantasmes d’auto-engendrement apparaissent inhérents à la réalisation du premier âge du roman familial en tout roman. Mais ce témoin interne se retrouve du coup investi du pouvoir créateur du père et s’il en a la force, il peut inscrire dans l’écriture la scène primitive clivée dans le psychisme de l’écrivain et s’engager sur les voies du Bâtard œdipien. Le témoin interne apparaît au cœur de cette tension entre les deux âges du roman familial, dont M. Robert a montré qu’elle était le moteur de la création romanesque
Les gardiens de prison
Authors: Pochard Marcel
Published: November 2010

Résumé Les personnels pénitentiaires pâtissent d’une image ambiguë léguée par l’histoire. Ils ont été dotés progressivement, depuis la mise en place du statut spécial par une ordonnance du 6 août 1958, des assises nécessaires à une administration moderne et décomplexée. Ils sont en situation de relever les défis considérables pesant sur eux quant à leur rôle central dans la mise en œuvre de la politique pénitentiaire et la détermination du sens de la peine.
La prison, école de quoi ?
Authors: Milly Bruno
Published: November 2010

Résumé L’enseignement est très généralement considéré comme l’un des dispositifs centraux de la mission de réinsertion fixée à la prison. L’étude de ses contours actuels atteste pourtant de sa faible audience auprès de la population carcérale et de sa fragilité institutionnelle. Cet article envisage différents registres d’explications (profils socio-démographiques des détenus, conditions de l’incarcération, structures des dispositifs de formation et restrictions pénitentiaires du droit à l’enseignement) qui questionnent le faible droit que constitue l’accès à l’école dans les prisons en France, et plus largement le statut utopique de la mission de réinsertion prêtée à l’institution carcérale.
Gregor Krek and the Beginnings of Scholarly Research on the Culture of the Other
Authors: Fikfak Jurij
Published: November 2010

Avtor obravnava nekatera vprašanja Krekovega razmerja do drugega in do ljudske kulture, načenja vprašanja socializacije, razvoja strokovnih in znanstvenih žanrov in nacionalizacije spoznavnih, in s tem tudi znanstvenih praks.
***
The author deals with certain issues of Krek’s relationship to the Other and folk culture, and he addresses the issues of socialization, the development of expert’s and scientific genres, and nationalization of the cognitive practices and scholarship.
A Folkloristic Portrait of Gregor Krek
Authors: Stanonik Marija
Published: November 2010

Trem prvim slovenskim profesorjem na univerzi v Gradcu daje pečat slovanska filologija. Njen prvi kvalificirani zastopnik je postal leta 1871 Gregor Krek (1840–1905), ko je postal izredni in leta 1874 redni profesor. Namen prispevka je očrtati ustanovitelja graške slavistike predvsem v njeni luči, kot ene od filoloških panog, ki so bile v njegovem času med seboj še trdno prepletene, o čemer priča Krekova znanstvena in strokovna bibliografija.
***
Three of the most prominent Slovenian professors teaching at the University of Graz were primarily Slavic philologists. Gregor Krek (1840 – 1905), who in 1871 became associate professor and three years later, in 1874, full professor, was the first certificated Slavic philologist. The article focuses on Krek as the founder of Slavic studies at the University of Graz. As is evident from his scientific bibliography the study of Slavic languages was one of philological disciplines that were still closely connected at the time.
La participación en asociaciones de la población mayor de sesenta y cinco años en España. Análisis de sus efectos e indicaciones para las políticas públicas sectoriales
Authors: Funes María Jesús
Published: November 2010

Nuestras sociedades envejecen y las condiciones de vida de la población mayor se convierten en motivo de estudio relevante. Cómo llegar al periodo final de la vida y cómo transitar por él del modo más satisfactorio y menos costoso para la sociedad son aspectos de preocupación creciente. este artículo analiza la participación en asociaciones como práctica de envejecimiento activo, con incidencia en la calidad de vida. se presentan parte de los resultados de una investigación sobre calidad de vida en la tercera edad, que se resumen del modo siguiente: determinados rasgos del malestar propio de la edad avanzada se ven atenuados con los beneficios del ejercicio de la participación; la práctica asociativa regular permite un tránsito a la vejez menos traumático. Ahora bien, ni todos los mayores son igualmente vulnerables ni cualquier práctica asociativa es beneficiosa, por lo que se identifican los sectores más vulnerables que pueden resultar más favorecidos ante un estímulo selectivo de la participación, y se propone una línea de actuación concreta para las políticas públicas sobre tercera edad.
Biological Functions of the Genes in the Mammaprint Breast Cancer Profile Reflect the Hallmarks of Cancer
Authors: Tian Sun , Roepman Paul , van't Veer Laura J , Bernards Rene , De Snoo Femke , Glas Annuska M
Published: November 2010

Background

MammaPrint was developed as a diagnostic tool to predict risk of breast cancer metastasis using the expression of 70 genes. To better understand the tumor biology assessed by MammaPrint, we interpreted the biological functions of the 70-genes and showed how the genes reflect the six hallmarks of cancer as defined by Hanahan and Weinberg.

Results

We used a bottom-up system biology approach to elucidate how the cellular processes reflected by the 70-genes work together to regulate tumor activities and progression. The biological functions of the genes were analyzed using literature research and several bioinformatics tools. Protein-protein interaction network analyses indicated that the 70-genes form highly interconnected networks and that their expression levels are regulated by key tumorigenesis related genes such as TP53, RB1, MYC, JUN and CDKN2A. The biological functions of the genes could be associated with the essential steps necessary for tumor progression and metastasis, and cover the six well-defined hallmarks of cancer, reflecting the acquired malignant characteristics of a cancer cell along with tumor progression and metastasis-related biological activities.

Conclusion

Genes in the MammaPrint gene signature comprehensively measure the six hallmarks of cancer-related biology. This finding establishes a link between a molecular signature and the underlying molecular mechanisms of tumor cell progression and metastasis.
The Terminal Investment Hypothesis and Age-related Differences in Female Preference for Dads vs. Cads
Authors: Tifferet Sigal , Kruger Daniel J.
Published: November 2010

Williams’ (1966) terminal investment hypothesis states that in species showing an age-related decline in reproductive value, reproductive effort should increase with age. Non-human primate studies have supported this hypothesis, though research in humans is lacking, likely due to the restricted age range of participants in typical studies in evolutionary psychology. We hypothesize that older women will decrease mating effort in order to allocate additional resources to parental effort, and that this shift will be manifested in women’s’ mate selection preferences. Because older women are hypothesized to shift resources from mating to parenting, they may show greater preferences for partners with high potential for paternal investment compared to partners with features signaling high potential for genetic investment. We use character sketches of “dad” and “cad” male reproductive strategies to demonstrate the age-related shift in relationship preferences. We found that older women prefer mating strategies that are related with higher paternal investment. In addition, we found that a woman's self-description changes with age, mediating the age-related changes in mate preferences. We suggest that these changes serve the changing needs of an older woman and the transition from investing in future offspring to investment in the current offspring.
Towards a 3-D tomographic retrieval for the air-borne limb-imager GLORIA
Authors: Ungermann J. , Kaufmann M. , Hoffmann L. , Preusse P. , Oelhaf H. , Friedl-Vallon F. , Riese M.
Published: November 2010

Abstract. GLORIA (Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere) is a new remote sensing instrument essentially combining a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer with a two-dimensional (2-D) detector array in combination with a highly flexible gimbal mount. It will be housed in the belly pod of the German research aircraft HALO (High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft). It is unique in its combination of high spatial and state-of-the art spectral resolution. Furthermore, the horizontal view angle with respect to the aircraft flight direction can be varied from 45° to 135°. This allows for tomographic measurements of mesoscale events for a wide variety of atmospheric constituents. In this paper, a tomographic retrieval scheme is presented, which is able to fully exploit the manifold radiance observations of the GLORIA limb sounder. The algorithm is optimized for massive 3-D retrievals of several hundred thousands of measurements and atmospheric constituents on common hardware. The new scheme is used to explore the capabilities of GLORIA to sound the atmosphere in full 3-D with respect to the choice of the flightpath and to different measurement modes of the instrument using ozone as a test species. It is demonstrated that the achievable resolution should approach 200 m vertically and 20 km–30 km horizontally. Finally, a comparison of the 3-D inversion with conventional 1-D inversions using the assumption of a horizontally homogeneous atmosphere is performed.
A 12-Gene Genomic Instability Signature Predicts Clinical Outcomes in Multiple Cancer Types
Authors: Mettu Rama K.R. , Wan Ying-Wooi , Habermann Jens K. , Ried Thomas , Guo Nancy Lan
Published: November 2010

Background and aims

Genomic instability, as reflected in specific chromosomal aneuploidies and variation in the nuclear DNA content, is a defining feature of human carcinomas. It is solidly established that the degree of genomic instability influences clinical outcome. We have recently identified a 12-gene expression signature that discerned genomically stable from unstable breast carcinomas. This gene expression signature was also useful to predict, with high accuracy, the clinical course in independent multiple published breast cancer cohorts. From a biological point of view, this result confirmed the central role of genomic instability for a tumor's ability to adapt to external challenges and selective pressure, and hence for continued survival fitness. This prompted us to investigate whether this genomic instability signature could also predict clinical outcome in other cancer types of epithelial origin, including colorectal tumors, non-small cell lung carcinomas, and ovarian cancer.

Results

The results show that the gene expression signature that defines genomic instability and poor outcome in breast cancer contributes significantly more accurate (p<0.05 compared with random prediction) prognostic information in multiple cancer types independent of established clinical parameters. The 12-gene genomic instability signature stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups with distinct postoperative survival in three non-small cell lung cancer cohorts (n=637) in KaplanMeier analyses (log-rank p<0.05). It predicted recurrence in colon cancer patients (n=92) with an overall accuracy greater than 69% (p=0.04) in cross-cohort validation. It quantified relapse-free survival in ovarian cancer (n=124; log-rank p<0.05). Functional pathway analysis revealed interactions between the 12 signature genes and well-known cancer hallmarks.

Conclusion

The degree of genomic instability has diagnostic and prognostic implications. It is tempting to speculate that pursuing genomic instability therapeutically could provide entry points for a target that is unique to cancer cells.
Use of Serum Circulating Ccnb2 in Cancer Surveillance
Authors: Mo Min-Li , Chen Zhao , Li Jie , Li Hai-Long , Sheng Qing , Ma Hui-Yan , Zhang Fang-Xin , Hua Ya-Wei , Zhang Xun , Sun Da-Qiang , Xu Mei-Lin , Niu Run-Gui , Xu Jun-Pu , Zuo Hui-Jing , Liu Min , Zhou Hai-Meng
Published: November 2010

Cyclin B2 (CCNB2), a member of the cyclin protein family, has been found to be up-regulated in human cancers. To evaluate the potential use of circulating CCNB2 in serum in cancer surveillance, we examined relative expression levels of serum circulating CCNB2 mRNA in 103 cancer patients, 19 normal controls, and 40 benign disease patients using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We found that the relative expression level of circulating CCNB2 mRNA in cancer patients was significantly higher (p<0.0001) than that in normal controls and benign diseases group. Circulating CCNB2 mRNA level was significantly (p<0.001) correlated with cancer stage and metastasis status. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.87 and 0.83 (p<0.05) in identifying cancer patients' metastasis status in lung and digestive tract cancer, respectively. Moreover, we observed that expression levels of circulating CCNB2 mRNA in cancer patients significantly decreased (p=0.0084) after their therapeutic treatments. These data suggest that detection of serum circulating CCNB2 mRNA may have potential clinical applications in screening and monitoring of metastasis and therapeutic treatments.
Mutation Analysis of Braf Exon 15 and Kras Codons 12 and 13 in Moroccan Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Bennani Bahia , Gilles Sophie , Fina Frederic , Nanni Isabelle , Ibrahimi Sidi Adil , Riffi Afaf Amarti , Nejjari Chakib , Benajeh Dafr-Allah , Abkari Mohammed El , Martin Pierre-Marie , Ouafik L'Houcine
Published: November 2010

Background

The RAS/RAF/MEK/MAP kinase cascade transduces signals from the cell surface to the nucleus in order to control cellular responses including proliferation, differentiation and survival. We investigated the occurrence of BRAF exon 15 and KRAS codon 12 and 13 mutations in Moroccan patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods

Sixty-two samples from patients with sporadic colorectal adenocarcinomas were studied for BRAF exon 15 and KRAS codon 12 and 13 mutations. DNA from paraffin-embedded tissue specimens was analyzed by a combination of polymerase chain reaction–high resolution melting and direct sequencing.

Results

Of the analyzed specimens, 29% exhibited KRAS codon 12 or 13 mutations and only 1.6% carried a BRAF codon 600 mutation. KRAS mutations were more often observed in women (35.5%) than in men (22.6%). Patients in the age range between 41 and 60 years were more likely to be carriers of this mutation. No KRAS mutations were detected in patients aged >60 years.

Conclusion

Despite the limited study sample, our data suggest that KRAS mutations arise more frequently than BRAF mutations in Moroccan patients with colorectal carcinomas. The KRAS mutation status must be assessed in a large cohort of Moroccan patients to confirm these findings and to determine whether this mutation in combination with extrinsic, environmental or microenvironmental factors might be involved in the high frequency of colorectal cancer in middle-aged Moroccans.
CO2 Laser Surgery and Prosthetic Management for the Treatment of Epulis Fissuratum
Authors: de Arruda Paes-Junior Tarcisio José , Cavalcanti Sâmia Carolina Mota , Nascimento Daniela Fernandes Figueira , Anzaloni Saavedra Guilherme de Siqueira Ferreira , Kimpara Estevão Tomomitsu , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto , Niccoli-Filho Walter , Komori Paula Carolina de Paiva
Published: November 2010

The aim of this study was to present a case report of the surgical removal of hyperplasia in the oral cavity, using carbon dioxide (CO2) laser radiation and rehabilitation with a complete denture. Epulis fissuratum occurs in complete denture patients, because a constant irritative action induces the mucosa to grow under poorly fitting dentures. These lesions must be removed, and to avoid a relapse, new complete dentures should be made to maintain healthy surgical tissues. The clinical sequence presented in this case shows a completely edentulous patient with epulis fissuratum on the lower alveolar ridge extending to the vestibular sulcus of the anterior region of mandible. Immediate complete dentures were made prior to the lesion removal with CO2 laser radiation, providing satisfactory results in oral function and tissue health.
Fully Reversible pH‐Triggered Network Formation of Amphoteric Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels
Authors: Bajomo Michael , Robb Ian , Steinke Joachim H. G. , Bismarck Alexander
Published: November 2010

Hydrogels are prepared through free radical copolymerization of MAA and DMAEMA employing only non‐covalent interactions. The formation of hydrogels is dependent on pH as well as copolymer composition as a consequence of balance of predominantly attractive and repulsive ionic interactions and hydrogen bonding. The hydrogels are stable between pH 3 and 8 and for MAA to DMAEMA ratios of 62:38 to 68:32. Elastic and loss moduli are characterized as a function of pH. Hydrogels can reform from swollen microgel particles and offer the opportunity of recyclability. In model experiments it is shown that the flow through porous media can be controlled by varying the pH, which offers new possibilities such as controlling the supply of growth factors in tissue engineering scaffolds or as degradable fluid loss control agents for enhanced oil recovery.
HAX1 mutations causing severe congenital neuropenia and neurological disease lead to cerebral microstructural abnormalities documented by quantitative MRI
Authors: Boztug Kaan , Ding Xiao‐Qi , Hartmann Hans , Ziesenitz Lena , Schäffer Alejandro A. , Diestelhorst Jana , Pfeifer Dietmar , Appaswamy Giridharan , Kehbel Sonja , Simon Thorsten , Al Jefri Abdullah , Lanfermann Heinrich , Klein Christoph
Published: November 2010

Biallelic mutations in the gene encoding HCLS‐associated protein X‐1 (HAX1) cause autosomal recessive severe congenital neutropenia (SCN). Some of these patients have neurological abnormalities including developmental delay, cognitive impairment, and/or epilepsy. Recent genotype–phenotype studies have shown that mutations in HAX1 affecting transcripts A (NM_006118.3) and B (NM_001018837.1) cause the phenotype of SCN with neurological impairment, while mutations affecting isoform A but not B lead to SCN without neurological aberrations. In this study, we identified a consanguineous family with two patients suffering from SCN and neurological disease caused by a novel, homozygous genomic deletion including exons 4–7 of the HAX1 gene. Quantitative MRI analyses showed generalized alterations in cerebral proton density in both of the patients, as well as in an additional unrelated patient with another HAX1 mutation (Arg86X) known to be associated with neurological manifestations. This study provides first in vivo evidence of aberrant neuroimaging findings associated with HAX1 deficiency in SCN patients. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Synthetic “Tour de Force”: Well‐Defined Multivalent and Multimodal Dendritic Structures for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Röglin Lars , Lempens Edith H. M. , Meijer E. W.
Published: November 2010

Dendrimers have several unique properties that make them attractive scaffolds for use in biomedical applications. To date, multivalent and multimodal dendritic structures have been synthesized predominantly by statistical modification of peripheral groups. However, the potential application of such probes in patients demands well‐defined and monodisperse materials that have unique structures. Current progress in the field of chemical biology, in particular chemoselective ligation methods, renders this challenge possible. In this Minireview, we outline the different available synthetic strategies, some applications that already make use of this new generation of multivalent and multimodal architectures, and the challenges for future developments.
Creation of a stable hydrophilic poly(dimethyl siloxane) surface by the plasma‐induced crosslinking of monomers
Authors: Bodas Dhananjay , Rauch Jean‐Yves , Khan‐Malek Chantal
Published: November 2010

A 3 : 1 composition of functional monomer (FM)–multifunctional acrylate was spin‐coated and later crosslinked under the influence of oxygen plasma on the surface of poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) to generate a surface‐anchored crosslinked network bearing functional moieties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and wetting angle measurements were used to analyze the crosslinked monomer surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize the surface of the film after modification. The results of the surface reconstruction of the FM surfaces and plasma‐treated PDMS reveal that long‐term hydrophilic surfaces were achieved. Thus, the surface architecture could be favorably manipulated with this remarkable technique with a suitable combination of FMs and crosslinkers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Efficiency and biocompatibility of antimicrobial textile material of broad spectrum activity
Authors: Simović Ljiljana M. , Škundrić Petar D. , Kostić Mirjana M. , Tasić Goran M. , Kojić Zvezdana Ž. , Milaković Branko D. , Medović Adela H.
Published: November 2010

The subject of this article is to study the behavior of the antimicrobial textile material. The material is in the form of plaster wound dressing which is consisting of a nonwoven textile base containing polypropylene (PP)/viscose, a polymer carrier, and an antimicrobial active substance. The polymer carrier is the polysaccharideD‐glucosamine (chitosan), and the active antimicrobial substance is antibiotic gentamicin sulfate. The amount of gentamicin sulfate immobilized into the polymer matrix of the polymer carrier was 0.15–0.20 mg/cm2or 2.0–2.5% of the mass of the nonwoven textile material. The antimicrobial textile material has been studiedin vitroandin vivoconditions through the efficiency of the antimicrobial effects on different kinds of pathogenic microorganisms, as well as the biocompatibility in preclinical research. The results of these experiments indicate that all bioactive textile materials were biocidalin vitrofor all pathogenic test organisms. Good biocompatibility, the existence of the correlation between thein vitroandin vivoresults, concerning efficiency, qualifies these antimicrobial biomaterials for clinical use. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modeling of GW 501516 Analogues
Authors: Ciocoiu Calin C. , Ravna Aina W. , Sylte Ingebrigt , Hansen Trond Vidar
Published: November 2010

Eleven analogues of GW 501516 (1) were prepared and subjected to biological testing in a semi‐high throughput human skeletal muscle cell assay. The assay testing indicated that all analogues elicited oxidation of oleic acid. Among the most potent agonists, 2e (2‐{2‐ethyl‐4‐[(4‐methyl‐2‐(4‐trifluoromethylphenyl)thiazol‐5‐yl)methylthio]phenoxy}‐2‐methylpropanoic acid), was also subjected to a luciferase‐based transfection assay, which showed that this compound is a potent agonist against PPARδ and a moderate agonist against PPARα. Docking of compound 2e into PPARδ revealed that it occupied the agonist binding site and exhibited key hydrogen bonding interactions with His323, His449, and Tyr473.
P‐Rank: An indicator measuring prestige in heterogeneous scholarly networks
Authors: Yan Erjia , Ding Ying , Sugimoto Cassidy R.
Published: November 2010

Ranking scientific productivity and prestige are often limited to homogeneous networks. These networks are unable to account for the multiple factors that constitute the scholarly communication and reward system. This study proposes a new informetric indicator, P‐Rank, for measuring prestige in heterogeneous scholarly networks containing articles, authors, and journals. P‐Rank differentiates the weight of each citation based on its citing papers, citing journals, and citing authors. Articles from 16 representative library and information science journals are selected as the dataset. Principle Component Analysis is conducted to examine the relationship between P‐Rank and other bibliometric indicators. We also compare the correlation and rank variances between citation counts and P‐Rank scores. This work provides a new approach to examining prestige in scholarly communication networks in a more comprehensive and nuanced way.
Untersuchungen zum Einsatz von Verdunstungskühlung innerhalb eines hybriden Lüftungskonzeptes
Authors: Kozak Wojciech , Rösler Markus , Perschk Alf
Published: November 2010

Das Aufrechterhalten der thermischen Behaglichkeit bei hochsommerlichen Verhältnissen stellt auch in neuen Gebäuden mit hohem Niveau der Wärmedämmung ohne Nutzung energieintensiver RLT‐Anlagen eine Herausforderung dar. Trotz moderater innerer Gewinne und Schutz vor solaren Gewinnen bleibt oft eine die thermische Behaglichkeit beeinträchtigende Kühllast bestehen. Dieser Artikel beschreibt rechnerische Untersuchungen zu einem hybriden Lüftungskonzept für einen Raum, in dem die Kühlung von einem direkten Verdunstungskühler bereitgestellt wird. Die Forschungsarbeiten werden im Rahmen eines DST‐DFG‐Kooperations‐Programmes mit dem Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee durchgeführt, wo ein Prototyp eines solchen Kühlers vermessen und optimiert wird. Dieser Artikel analysiert die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von direkter Verdunstungskühlung im Niedrigenergiehaus und im schlecht gedämmten Gebäude unter mitteleuropäischen sommerlichen Wetterverhältnissen. Der Einfluss der Verschattung, der Lüftungsstrategie, der Wärmedämmung und der Feuchtehaushalt der Außenwände werden diskutiert. Als Ergebnis lässt sich ausweisen, dass in Kombination mit einer passenden Lüftungsstrategie und ausreichender Verschattung der direkte Verdunstungskühler in der Lage ist, die thermische Behaglichkeit auf einem mit einer RLT‐Anlage vergleichbaren Niveau zu halten.

Investigation and application of evaporate cooling within a hybrid ventilation scheme. It is a challenge to attain a high level of thermal comfort during the summer without using energy intensive air conditioning systems even with high insulation standards of the walls in new buildings. Despite moderate inner loads and intensive protections against solar gains a cooling load often remains that affects the thermal comfort. This paper investigates by means of computer simulation a hybrid ventilation concept where cooling is provided by a direct evaporative cooler. The research work has been carried out within a DSTDFG cooperation program with the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, where a prototype of such a cooler is investigated and optimised.

This paper analyses the potential for use of evaporative cooler in low energy buildings and traditional buildings with lower insulation standard under Central European summer conditions. In addition, the influence of shading appliances, ventilation strategy, thermal insulation of the building and the humidity content of the outside walls is investigated.

It has been found that evaporative coolers, together with a suitable ventilation strategy and sufficient shading are able to provide levels of thermal comfort comparable with those gained by mechanical air conditioning systems.