bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the application of sprinkler irrigation technology for the growth of carrots and cauliflowers
Authors: Burkhonova Munisakhon , Narzullayev Jamshid , Matyakubov Bakhtiyar , Isayev Sabirjan
Published: August 2024

In this research paper, there is information about carrots and cauliflower, their cultivation in different soil conditions using water-saving irrigation technologies, focusing on sprinkler irrigation was discussed. The effectiveness of application of sprinkler irrigation was compared with furrow irrigation system and recommendations were given. The research was conducted in Tashkent region, Uzbekistan. Moreover, the methods of determining the mechanical composition of the soil in the experimental field, the application of the principles of using the world's available water resources, the areas of carrot and cauliflower cultivation in the republic, and the varieties used in cultivation, as well as the history of growing vegetable crops were discussed. In addition, research methodology and mathematical-statistical analysis were conducted.
Development and implementation of ozone purification systems for water pipes and wells
Authors: Kalandarov Palvan , Khabay Anar , Sabyrova Aruzhan , Yermekbayev Muratbek , Kamzanov Nurbol , Magzym Nurmakhan
Published: August 2024

This paper is dedicated to the study of the importance and efficiency of developing and implementing ozone purification systems for disinfecting drinking water sources, water pipes, and wells. Ozone is a powerful oxidizer capable of effectively eliminating microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa in water pipes and wells. Such systems serve as alternatives to traditional chlorination methods and leave no polluting purification by-products in the environment. The research explores the technical parameters of applying ozone to various water sources and purification systems, as well as operational parameters like ozone concentration, treatment time, and water flow regime. It also covers issues related to the design, installation, and operation of ozone purification systems. The topic contributes to the development and improvement of efficient and ecologically sustainable water disinfection solutions by providing an overview of the working principles, technical specifications, and mobility capabilities of ozone purification systems. The introduction of ozone purification systems extends the possibilities for improving water quality and adhering to safety standards. This study also identifies key factors such as ozone solubility, reaction time, and its efficiency in dispersing through water, which can enhance the effectiveness of this method.
Effect of Different Doses of Mineral Fertilizers on the Fertility of Light Meadow Soil and Productivity of Winter Wheat
Authors: Khamraev Fayzulla , Zaripov Habib , Asadi Hossein
Published: August 2024

This article outlines the critical need for enhanced technologies in mineral fertilizer utilization within the context of poorly saline irrigated agriculture in Uzbekistan. The region's diverse soil and climatic conditions, coupled with challenges stemming from global climate change and soil degradation, underscore the urgency of developing effective fertilizer application methods. Currently, mineral fertilizers are extensively applied to winter wheat across irrigated agricultural areas in Uzbekistan based on Agro recommendations established previously. However, ensuring reliable and planned winter wheat harvests necessitates further investigation into the responsiveness of winter wheat to mineral fertilizers. This study specifically focuses on conducting zonal experiments in the Navoi region, characterized by its light meadow soils. By evaluating the effectiveness of various fertilizer regimes, the research aims to optimize fertilizer usage and enhance crop productivity in this region.The findings of this research hold significant implications for advancing sustainable agricultural practices and addressing food security concerns in Uzbekistan amidst ongoing environmental changes. Ultimately, the outcomes of this study have the potential to inform policy decisions and support the development of tailored agricultural strategies to meet the evolving needs of the region's farming communities.
Linguistic borrowings in trade terminologies: an analysis of ancient Indian and Egyptian languages from 3300 BCE to 500 CE
Authors: Mohanan Pallavi , Prakash Nirupama
Published: August 2024

The research delves into the intricate web of linguistic borrowings in trade terminologies between Ancient Indian languages (Sanskrit, Prakrit) and Egyptian languages (Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs, Demotic script) spanning from approximately 3300 BCE to 500 CE. Through a meticulous analysis of selected literary texts and inscriptions, including the Hathigumpha Inscription, Rudradaman I Inscription, Junagadh Rock Inscriptions, Nasik Cave Inscriptions, Rosetta Stone, Satirical Papyrus, and Turin Taxation Papyrus, the study unravels the linguistic evolution and cultural exchanges embedded within ancient trade networks. Contextualizing these linguistic borrowings within the historical framework of trade routes, maritime activities, and economic exchanges, the research sheds light on the nuances of communication and adaptation in commercial interactions. By employing rigorous research methodologies and comparative studies, the findings offer a comprehensive understanding of how language served as a bridge for commerce, diplomacy, and cultural exchange between these ancient civilizations. This study not only contributes to the fields of linguistic history and ancient trade studies but also offers valuable insights into the dynamic interplay of language, trade, and cultural connectivity in the ancient world.
Stochastic thermodynamics of micromagnetics
Authors: Ding Mingnan , Wu Jun , Xing Xiangjun
Published: August 2024

In this work, we study the stochastic thermodynamics of micro-magnetic systems. We first formulate the stochastic dynamics of micro-magnetic systems by incorporating noises into the Landau–Lifshitz (LL) equation, which describes the irreversible and deterministic dynamics of magnetic moments. The resulting stochastic LL equation obeys detailed balance, which guarantees that, with the external field fixed, the system converges to thermodynamic equilibrium with vanishing entropy production and with non-vanishing probability current. We then discuss various thermodynamic variables both at the trajectory level and at the ensemble level, and further establish both the first and the second laws of thermodynamics. Finally, we establish the Crooks fluctuation theorem, and verify it using numerical simulations.
Autonomous Human-Robot Collaborative Assembly Method Driven by the Fusion of Large Language Model and Digital Twin
Authors: Chen Jianpeng , Luo Haiwei , Huang Sihan , Zhang Meidi , Wang Guoxin , Yan Yan , Jing Shikai
Published: August 2024

Human-robot collaboration (HRC) plays an important role in human-centric manufacturing, which requires cooperative robots to have the ability of collaborate with human autonomously. It is very complex to understand the intention of human during the assembly process, therefore, we proposed a method of autonomous HRC assembly driven by the fusion of large language model (LLM) and digital twin in this paper. The assembly state is recognized from two perspectives, including the perception of key parts based on transfer learning and YOLO, and perceive operator actions based on LSTM and attention mechanism. In order to improve the autonomy of HRC, a collaborative task decision method driven by fine-tuning LLM based on assembly domain knowledge is proposed. A case study of reducer assembly is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Target Threat Level Classification Based on Improved Three-way Decisions
Authors: Li Shikai , Long Xin , Zeng Yaoyuan , Wang Xueying
Published: August 2024

Air target threat assessment is of great importance in military decision-making, as it involves ranking enemy targets based on their threat level. Existing methods only provide rankings without offering decision support for combating, observing, or opting no action, which makes it difficult to deal with complex combat situations in real time. Therefore, we propose a method for threat level classification based on improved three-way decisions (TWD). In addition, considering that certain attribute information contains deviation, we introduce the theory of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set (IVIFS) to address uncertain information. Meanwhile, in order to make full use of the interval numbers, we innovatively propose a loss function based on the attribute dominance degree to enhance accuracy of threat level classification. The experimental results show that our method can effectively handle uncertain information and provide decision support to the decision-makers, while the improvement of the classification ability is demonstrated through comparative experiment.
Research on Steel Surface Defect Detection Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOv8n
Authors: Zhong Weiming , Zhang Liangan , Li Pengfei , Gui Wenjun
Published: August 2024

Steel, as one of the most used materials, is of great importance for steel defect detection in industry. Aiming at the existing existing deep learning-based steel surface defect detection algorithms that have problems such as misdetection, leakage, low detection accuracy and speed, a steel surface defect detection algorithm YOLOv8n-CFP is proposed to improve YOLOv8n. Firstly, the CPCA attention mechanism module is added, which combines the channel attention mechanism with the spatial attention mechanism, to improve the model’s recognition accuracy and generalization ability. After that, the Faster module is used instead of Bottleneck to reduce the computational complexity of the C2f module and lighten the network structure. Finally, the PIoU loss function is used instead of CIoU to optimize the performance of anchor frame regression, which guides the anchor frame to regress efficiently and achieve faster convergence by combining the target size adaptive penalty factor and gradient adjustment function. The experiments show that compared with the basic YOLOv8n network, the YOLOv8n-CFP inspection network improves the mAP from 76.2% to 79.0% on the steel surface defects inspection dataset of YOLOv8n, which is an improvement of 2.8%, and the model volume, parameter count, and computational size are reduced by 17.5%, 18.3%, and 17.3%, respectively, and the FPS value is improved by 60.4. Compared with other YOLOv8n networks, the average accuracy mAP of YOLOv8n-CFP inspection network is increased to 79.0%. Compared with other YOLO algorithms, YOLOv8n-CFP has significant advantages in steel surface defect detection.
Design and Simulation of Low-temperature Cooling Structure for Intelligent Equipment
Authors: Shi Zhanli , Gong Yongjun , Chen Chen , Yang Yuxing , Bao Yongjie
Published: August 2024

The vortex tube has become a key component of intelligent equipment due to its unique energy separation effect. However, there are complex fluid motion and heat and cold exchange processes inside, which brings difficulties to the design. To improve the refrigeration efficiency, the structure of the pneumatic swirl generator was designed. Through numerical simulation and experiment, the law of energy separation with the change of structural parameters of the pneumatic swirl generator was studied. An experimental platform for vortex tubes was constructed to examine the impact of varying ratios of cold-end tube apertures on temperature. The results show that changing the structure of the pneumatic swirl generator can effectively improve the energy separation efficiency and realize the cooling of the intelligent equipment.
Growth Response and Yield of Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) on Differences in Polybag Size and Planting Media
Authors: Sakiroh  , Saefudin  , Wardiana E , Pranowo D , Listyati D
Published: August 2024

Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is one of the food crops that has a substantial role in supporting the food security concept. However, many rural farmers do not have enough land to cultivate porang, so land-saving cultivation technology innovations are needed. One alternative is to grow porang in polybags, which can be practiced in narrow yards, such as urban farming, to support food security in urban areas. This study aims to determine the growth and yield response of porang to differences in polybag size and planting media composition. The study was conducted at the Pakuwon Experimental Station, Sukabumi, West Java, from September 2020 to June 2022, in a factorial randomized complete block design with six replications. The first factor is the two sizes of polybags: small (SSP) (25 x 25 cm) and large (LSP) (40 x 40 cm). The second factor was the three planting media compositions, the proportion of soil to chicken manure (SCM), such as 5:1, 10:1, and 15:1. The observed variables were the growth and tubers yield in the second growth period. The results showed that large polybags (40 x 40 cm) combined with the planting media proportion of soil to chicken manure (5:1) gave the best growth and tubers yield compared to other treatments.
Evaluation of airflow, temperature, and RH in the deep bed dryer for paddy grain with several combinations of floors and air distribution pipes using CFD
Authors: Nurba D , Mardjan S S , Wulandani D , Nelwan L O , Subrata I D M
Published: August 2024

The problem of the varying water content of the dried grain is a common problem in the drying process in the pile of grain. An uneven drying air distribution and reduced air pressure when penetrating the porosity and thickness of the grain pile cause that condition. A deep bed dryer is one of the dryers with a forced convection system to carry water content from the grain pile; the thickness of the pile and grain porosity strongly affect this process. The arrangement of the air distribution pipe in a pile of grain is an effort to facilitate air drying so that it is spread evenly in a grain pile and helps the airflow through the thickness of the pile of grains. The arrangement of the shape of the dryer floor is also essential for the effectiveness of the air input from the blower into the drying chamber so that there is minimal loss of air pressure in the plenum and the distribution of air drying becomes evenly distributed. CFD simulations were conducted for four scenarios using a combination of conical and sloping floor shapes, as well as input airflow pipe models in rectangle and circular formation; that combination arrangement is LT1PU1, LT1PU2, LT2PU1, and LT2PU2. The simulation output is analyzed using the SAW method to determine the best combination for constructing a deep bed dryer. The evaluation results on four design scenarios show that the fourth scenario, the LT2PU2 model, has an average distribution value of airflow velocity, air pressure, temperature, and RH of 0.061 m·s−1, 6.07 Pa, 39.35°C, and 44.30%, respectively. Moreover, it gets a preference value of 0.99 as the best model. So, it is worth developing as a Deep bed dryer prototype for paddy grain.
The effectiveness of using biofilter with addition of activated charcoal on the growth of red lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the aquaponic system
Authors: Taufikurahman Taufik , Tri Astutiningsih Novi , Izzurrahman Thoriq
Published: August 2024

Fishery is an agricultural sub-sector that plays a very important role in the development of the national economy. Fishery resources in Indonesia are very diverse and have the potential that include fish farming. Fish farming aims to produce higher biomass compared to natural fishing. Aquaponics is a cultivation technology that combines the maintenance of fish and plants that are more environmentally friendly and conserves water use. Aquaponics can reduce the accumulation of ammonia, nitrate and nitrite by fish feed residues and fish metabolism with plants and biofilter media to absorb these compounds. Tests were carried out with two installations with different components, namely bioball and activated charcoal (1:1) and control with only bioball components. Testing the effectiveness of the biofilter component was carried out by conducting research designs, preparing tools and materials, cultivation processes, observing and collecting data on red lettuce plant growth, red lettuce plant biomass productivity, tilapia growth, water quality, environmental conditions and data processing and analysis. It was found that the effect of adding activated charcoal biofilter media on the growth of leaf number and chlorophyll content was different, with better average results in activated charcoal installations (1:1), but lower growth in plant height, leaf width, and leaf area (p< 0.05). The growth of leaf area and chlorophyll content affected the treatment position as indicated by the best leaf area at position 8, while the best chlorophyll content was in treatment 2. The addition of activated charcoal biofilter media to dry weight was significantly different (p<0.05) better in the activated charcoal installation compared to the control installation, but with a lower Shoot-Root Ratio. Activated charcoal installation (1:1) also shows better average fish growth with more fish survival and better water quality maintenance.
Biomass Gasification Modelling Development: A Review
Authors: Suparmin Prayudi , Purwanti Nanik , Nelwan Leopold Oscar , Mardjan Sutrisno S
Published: August 2024

Biomass is a promising renewable energy source with great potential. Gasification converts biomass into economically viable energy. Identifying, developing, and optimizing biomass gasification technology requires mathematical models. This article critically evaluates gasification modelling. We investigated thermodynamic equilibrium, kinetics, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and artificial neural network (ANN) models. This examination will evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the four models. The assessment results should enable the building of models for bigger reactors, improving gasification. Developing reaction equilibrium constant correction factors makes the thermodynamic equilibrium model better for integrated systems analysis. Future kinetic model development will include simulation tools to build the reactor. The CFD model’s main advantage is its ability to scale up the gasification reactor for better syngas. 3-D CFD models model particle size and feed location, making model construction challenging. The ANN model, despite its excellent predictions, faces limitations due to its reliance on input. This limitation can make ANN model development difficult.
Specific energy to produce sawdust using modified blade for renewable energy source
Authors: Yulianto Muhamad , Hartulistiyoso Edy , Nelwan Leopold Oscar , Hendri  , Hermawan Dede
Published: August 2024

Sawdust is one of wood processing by-product which is potential to be utilized as renewable energy source. The current problem in the conventional sawdust production is its high energy consume due to the long of production process involving chipping, coarse milling, drying, and fine milling. The aim of this study is to investigate the specific energy of a shorter production process of sawdust which is consist of only milling and drying process. In the milling process, a modification by changing blade from chipper machine to a knife from sawing machine for directly produce sawdust from a wood log. Drying process in this research use the heat pump drying. The wood material used in this research are Gamal, Calliandra and Sengon. A total of six compositions consisting of all type of wood milling and three variation of air velocity in heat pump drying were used to produce sawdust. The data collected such as: production time, power consumption, and moisture content. The best result show that the shorter production process of sawdust will reduce the specific energy around 60% with final moisture content around 10%. The value of energy specific for gamal, calliandra and sengon are 0,042 kWh/kg, 0,094 kWh/kg, 0,063 kWh/kg respectively. In the other side, modification of milling machine in this research have capacity around 65 kg/hours.
Energy monitoring as a sustainable maintenance: a case study
Authors: Firdaus N , Samat H A
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the implementation of energy monitoring as a sustainable maintenance strategy at a water treatment plant using statistical process control methods. The Introduction highlights the shift towards sustainability in maintenance practices, emphasizing the need to consider energy consumption indicators. The Methods section proposed the seven key steps involved in energy monitoring, including establishing objectives, defining performance metrics, and quantifying degradation effects. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of CUSUM and in detecting energy degradation, leading to proactive maintenance interventions. The result also shows that the total energy waste and carbon emissions associated with the distribution pump (DP) and submersible pumps at the water treatment plant over specific time periods. The total energy waste from the distribution pump (DP) was 81,548 kWh, with an increase in carbon emissions of 59.05 tons over a two-year period (2018-2019). Similarly, the submersible pumps generated 38,197 kWh of energy waste and emitted 30.72 tons of carbon over a five-year period (2017-2021). Implementing energy monitoring could have significantly reduced wasted energy and carbon emissions. The study highlights the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in detecting energy degradation, emphasizing the importance of clear objectives, defined performance metrics, and quantifying degradation effects for making informed and sustainable maintenance decisions.
Mapping climate suitability for oil palm using geographical information system in Bogor Regency
Authors: Wardani I K , Puteri D W , Musyarofah N , Darmawan M
Published: August 2024

In Indonesia, oil palm production positively impacts national income. A strategy is needed to expand the oil palm plantation by mapping and determining the potential land suitability according to climate parameters. This study uses Schmidt-Ferguson and Geographical Information Systems to produce spatial data. Climate classification data is overlapped by rainfall intensity, dry months, and elevation maps. Based on the results, Bogor Regency is divided into highly suitable (S1), slightly suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), and unsuitable (N) is 26,844 ha (9%), 128,257 ha (43%), 23,861 ha (8%), and 119,309 ha (40%) respectively. The accuracy of the map was 74%, and the KAPPA coefficient was 63%, so it can be used to indicate the potential area for oil palm cultivation in Bogor Regency.
Comparative study of oil palm productivity estimation models: multilinear regression and holt-winters approach
Authors: Sari I K , Liyantono  , Solahudin M
Published: August 2024

Oil palm plays a crucial role in Indonesia’s economy through the increased production and export of oil palm. However, managing and predicting productivity in expanding oil palm plantations presents significant challenges. Current estimation methods are resource-intensive and time-consuming. This study advocates the application of remote sensing techniques, particularly through Google Earth Engine and Landsat 8 satellite imagery, for efficient oil palm productivity estimation. Using a multilinear regression model that integrates the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and rainfall data from the CHIRPS dataset, historical productivity data is also incorporated using the Holt-Winter exponential smoothing approach. The research aims to enhance oil palm plantation management by harnessing remote sensing technology and weather data analysis. The research results revealed that multilinear regression for the universal model with annual data accumulation using the 12-month shifting rainfall dataset achieves an R2 of 0.855, RMSE of 14,283 tons/ha, and MAPE of 0.975% and the AK12_M3 was the best combination to build a model for each block Meanwhile, the Holt-Winter method for universal mode as well as each block model, using a 4-month seasonal approach produces the best results. With an R2 of 0.83, RMSE of 6,256 tons/ha, and MAPE of 7.501%.
Prototype of chili pathogen early detection system by using multispectral NIR/NUV
Authors: Pertiwi S , Ipung H P , Sukarno B P W
Published: August 2024

Chili plants (Capsicum annuum L.) are a high-value horticultural commodity but are very susceptible to disease. Therefore, early detection of chili disease is essential to minimize the potential loss in chili farming. This research aims to develop a prototype for early detection of chili diseases before they become apparent to the human eye. In response to pathogens, chili plants produce substances that actively absorb and reflect ultraviolet light, while near-infrared images can reveal leaf cell structure damage. By considering these plant defense systems, the prototype system, developed with a closed growth chamber, focuses on capturing NIR and NUV images to detect plant diseases. It uses light reflectance in the near-ultraviolet and near-infrared spectrum as input for detecting diseases, coupled with image and pattern analysis for plants affected by viruses and fungi. The primary method of image analysis was texture analysis of NIR and NUV images, specifically image entropy analysis. The system was tested on plants with virus infection (Gemini virus), fungal infection (anthracnose), and under normal conditions. The results showed distinct differences in the image entropy values between virus-infected, fungal-infected, and non-infected leaves, especially from NUV images. This indicates that the system effectively utilizes NIR and NUV imaging to detect diseases, with texture and image entropy analysis serving as reliable metrics. Notably, the system is more effective at early detection of fungal infections (such as anthracnose) than virus infections (such as Gemini virus), with NUV imaging proving more effective than NIR for this purpose.
Efficacy of biofertilizers in improving the productivity of Arabica coffee in Andisols
Authors: Sasmita K D , Supriadi H , Hafif B , Wibowo N A , Sobari I , Herman M , Kartika
Published: August 2024

The productivity of Arabica coffee at Andisols in West Java is still relatively low. Andisols are soils with a high P retention capacity. One of the inputs to solve the problem is the application of phosphate-solubilizing microbes. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of biofertilizers in increasing the productivity of Arabica coffee in Andisols. The study used a randomized block design by the 10 treatments and 3 replications. Treatments consisted of control, solid form B1/microbial consortium 1 in zeolite+compost (30, 60, 90 g/tree), liquid form B2/microbial consortium 2 in PDB+molasses (30, 60, 90 ml/tree), and solid form B3/microbial consortium 2 in compost+biochar (30, 60, 90 g/tree). Microbial consortium 1 consisted of Rhodococcus qingshengii, Burkholderia ambifaria, and Aspergillus niger, while microbial consortium 2 consisted of Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas migulae, Delftia lacustris, and Aspergillus sp. The results showed that formulas B1, B2, and B3 at a dose of 30 g or ml/tree significantly increase fruits weight and green coffee bean production, with an increase in green coffee bean production of 64, 62, and 55% respectively from the control. The three biofertilizer formulas have the potential to be used in Arabica coffee cultivation in Andisols.
Utilizing fertilizer combination and biological agents to control Meloidogyne sp. on black pepper (Piper nigrum)
Authors: Harni R , Puspitasari M , Saefudin  , Sakiroh S , Sasmita K D , Sobari I , Rusli
Published: August 2024

Parasitic nematodes that cause yield loss up to 32% on black pepper are Radopholus similis and Meloidogyne incognita. Continued application of chemical pesticides causes environmental damage and health issues. Organic fertilizers and biological agents can reduce infections, increase plant resistance, and improve soil fertility. The study aims to study the influence of fertilizer and biological control applications on parasitic nematodes and black pepper production. The research was conducted in a black pepper field in the Tanggamus district, Lampung province, Indonesia, using a Block Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 6 replications. The treatments were organic+inorganic fertilizer, organic+inorganic+biofertilizer, organic+inorganic fertilizer+biological agents, organic+ inorganic+biofertilizer+biological agent, and control (farmers technology). Organic and biofertilizers applied in the early rainy season at 25 g/tree and 3 kg/tree, then the biological agent was a month after at 100 ml/tree. The result showed inorganic and organic fertilizers, biofertilizers, and biological agents suppress the population of Meloidogyne sp. in the roots and soils at 53,90% and 65,88%, respectively. While in productivity, the longest vines were 9,27 cm, the most vines were 8,53 vines and the heaviest peppercorn was 15,97 g. These values were significantly different from the control at 7,8 cm, 4,3 vines, and 8,94 g, respectively.
Aerospike: Mission Simulation and Optimal Design Using Openfoam and Dakota
Authors: Carbone Roberto , Rivas Joel Enrique Guerrero , Segalerba Eric , Pralits Jan Oscar
Published: August 2024

Hypersonic flight presents several difficulties linked to the important viscous dissipation of kinetic energy on the surface of a vehicle which causes the need for relevant Thermal Protection Systems, reduces communication efficiency due to air ionization and creates an important pressure load due to the stagnation point on the fuselage. Those effects are enlarged by the presence of a shock wave with its strength growing in the case of a blunt body-shaped vehicle. The aim of this work is to study the effectiveness of the static device called “Aerospike” to reduce the effects induced by the hypersonic flight of a blunt body, in particular with respect to the average surface temperature, the pressure load and drag coefficient. After having studied a base case, an optimization process to define an optimal shape both for the aerospike and the aerodisk are presented.
A convergence study simulating regular waves using the k-ω SST turbulence model in OpenFOAM®
Authors: Xu Xihang , Salauddin Md , Keenahan Jennifer
Published: August 2024

OpenFOAM® has been widely used in coastal engineering to visualise and analyse wave-structure interaction and evaluate the effectiveness of innovative coastal protection structures. To study the influence of an eco-retrofitted seawall on the wave overtopping process, a 2D numerical wave tank with a k-ω SST turbulence model is developed to recreate previously completed experiments. Results of wave structure interactions at a plain vertical seawall subjected to regular waves using OpenFOAM® are presented, considering various configurations of time steps and grid resolutions. Both deep water (near the wave maker) and shallow water (near the structure) wave structure interactions are analysed. Results indicate that a finer mesh density is required in shallow water regions compared with deep water regions due to the dynamics of the wave-breaking process in the wave reflection area. Results also indicate that mesh density has a more significant influence than the time step. Overall, this paper showcases the entire process of establishing two-phase flow CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations in OpenFOAM® and provides a reference model for future research on studying the effectiveness of eco-retrofitting approaches on wave attenuation.
On the Koiran-Skomra’s question about Hessians
Authors: Ballico Edoardo , Ventura Emanuele
Published: August 2024

Extending a construction due to B. Segre, we give a negative answer to a question of Koiran and Skomra about Hessians, motivated by Kayal’s algorithm for the equivalence problem to the Fermat polynomial. We conjecture that our counterexamples are the only ones. We also study a local version of their question.
The Hilbert function of local Artinian level algebras of codimension 3 and type 2
Authors: Masuti Shreedevi
Published: August 2024

Classification of Hilbert functions of Artinian algebras with additional properties, like Gorenstein or more generally level algebras, plays an important role in singularity theory and in algebraic geometry. In this paper, we investigate the structure of Hilbert functions of quadratic Artinian level algebras of type

2
2

and codimension

3
3

. We observe that if

h
=
(
1
,
3
,
3
,

h
3

,
…
,
2
)

h=(1,3,3,h_3,\ldots ,2)

is the Hilbert function of a level algebra, then

|

h
i

−

h

i
−
1

|

≤
4

|h_i-h_{i-1}| \leq 4

for all

i
≥
3

i \geq 3

. Moreover, we show that if

max
{

|

h
i

−

h

i
−
1

|

:
i
≥
1
}
≤
2

\max \{|h_i - h_{i-1}|: i \geq 1\} \leq 2

, then

h
h

is a level sequence of type

2
2

. Using these results, we give a complete list of

(
1
,
3
,
3
)

(1,3,3)

level sequences of type

2
2

and socle degree at most 6.
Goods and Services
Authors: Vale Gina
Published: August 2024

Investment in and management of public welfare were integral to Islamic State’s (IS) aspirations, branding, and pragmatic legitimacy as a governing actor. Yet, this chapter reveals that access and quality of these goods and services were neither universal nor guaranteed. In particular, civilian women’s differing eligibility for IS ‘citizenship’ and its associated benefits serve to shatter the veneer of the group’s ‘inclusive’ service provision and employment opportunities. Adding to studies of IS’s governance, the testimonies of local Iraqi, Syrian, and Kurdish women shed light on undocumented impacts and aspects of the group’s public institutions, including the strict policy of sex segregation. Complicating the public–private divide, the creation of semi-public women-only spaces was a double-edged sword. While the exclusion of men provided a layer of protection and freedom, it also brought previously private and feminine spaces under surveillance and control by pro-IS women, exposing the parameters of the group’s intra-female hierarchy.
Enucleation of insulinoma using laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with a focus on vascular and splenic preservation: a case report
Authors: Marcial-Cuevas Luis F , Regalado-Aquino Adrian , Bevia-Perez Francisco , Lopez-Ortega Eduardo
Published: August 2024

Insulinomas represent <10% of pancreatic tumors. It is a functional neuroendocrine tumor that can cause recurrent and severe episodes of loss of consciousness due to hypoglycemia. Surgical removal is the only curative treatment. The selection of the optimal surgical technique must be individualized for each patient. Currently, there are emerging innovations in less invasive techniques that reduce morbidity. We present the case of a 23-year-old woman who underwent enucleation of an insulinoma localized at the tip of the pancreatic tail after laparoscopic surgery, with a focus on vascular and splenic preservation. The tumor was safely identified during surgery and enucleated without injury to the spleen and adjacent vascular structures or postoperative complications.
A Pilot Study to Evaluate an Educational Intervention on Motivation and Learning Strategies in Prelicensure Nursing Students
Authors: Custer Sabra S. , Sutton Suzanne M.
Published: August 2024

Nursing student attrition affects the nationwide nursing shortage. Interventions that improve student retention are needed. The Jeffreys nursing universal retention and success model provided a framework for an educational intervention that introduced students to validated study techniques and test-related anxiety management techniques. The intervention was evaluated using the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. Results from our pilot study suggest that this type of intervention may impact the use of learning strategies and motivation and may improve overall retention and program completion.
The Efficacy and Safety Assessment of Sequential Liposuction Modified Double Ring Areola Incision in Moderate and Severe Breast Ptosis Correction
Authors: Tan Yongjia , Yao Chenghong , Chen Boyu , Yuan Xi
Published: August 2024

Background:

A total of 42 cases of moderate and severe breast ptosis were treated with sequential liposuction modified double ring areola incision surgery (experimental group), and 45 cases were treated with traditional double ring areola incision alone surgery (control group).

Methods:

They were followed up for 6 months after the operation. The scar formation and breast ptosis repair were observed, and postoperative complications and patient satisfaction were monitored.

Results:

Better results such as improved postoperative breast appearance were achieved in the sequential liposuction modified double ring areola incision group compared with the double ring areola incision alone group. After treatment, the distance between the midpoint of the inframammary fold and the nipple, the distance between the suprasternal fossa, and the nipple of the two groups were lower than those before treatment. The distance between the midpoint of the inframammary fold and the nipple showed no difference between the two experimental groups. The distance between the suprasternal fossa and the nipple of the experimental group were lower compared with the control group. Lower complication rates and higher satisfaction rates were observed in patients treated with sequential liposuction modified double ring areola incision. The patients in the experimental group were more satisfied with breast symmetry, breast shape, and breast size than those in the control group.

Conclusions:

The treatment with sequential liposuction modified double ring areola incision was effective and safe compared with double ring areola incision alone. It could improve the breast shape of patients, improve the satisfaction of patients, and reduce the occurrence of complications.
Efficacy and Safety of Standard Triple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Latin America
Authors: Díaz-Rodríguez Dahiana M. , Bustamante-Rengifo Javier A. , García-Perdomo Herney A.
Published: August 2024

Goals:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of standard triple therapy (STT) in Latin America.

Background:

Helicobacter pylori infection affects more than 50% of the Latin Americans and leads to gastric mucosa damage. Scarce data on effective therapeutic approaches in the region underscores the need for comprehensive information.

Study:

The analysis included Randomized Controlled Trials published up to the year 2020, comparing STT with other treatments. Cumulative relative risks (RR) were estimated, with 95% CI, according to intention-to-treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) analysis.

Results:

Eleven studies (clinical trials conducted between 1995 and 2013), revealed cumulative eradication rates of 78.31–90.63% (ITT) and 76.71–93.55% (PP). The eradication with the STT was superior to sequential therapy (ITT—RR: 10.6, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.12) (PP—RR: 10.6, 95% CI: 1.02-1.11) and dual therapy (ITT—RR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.13-2.30) (PP—RR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.25-2.37), but is less effective than other triple therapies (PP—RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.78-092). Regarding adverse effects, diarrhea, metallic taste, nausea, vomiting, and headache were the most common symptoms across treatments. Abdominal pain was associated with STT (ITT—RR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.07-2.86).

Conclusion:

STT was a safe regimen but with acceptable efficacy (most eradication rates <90%). Due to rising clarithromycin resistance, the study suggests avoiding STT as a first-line treatment. These results must be considered with caution due to the low representativeness of several Latin American countries and the lack of recent high-quality randomized studies.
Noninvasive Disease Assessment in Eosinophilic Esophagitis With Fractionated Exhaled Nitric Oxide, Blood, and Fecal Biomarkers
Authors: Göldi Andreas , Kaymak Tanay , Esposito Luca , Lehmann Anouk , Negoias Simona , Tamm Michael , Niess Jan Hendrik , Hruz Petr
Published: August 2024

Background:

Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the esophagus triggered by food and aeroallergens. There is a need for noninvasive biomarkers that reliably detect EoE in patients with cardinal symptoms and predict treatment response to reduce endoscopic evaluations.

Study:

Nonasthmatic patients 18 years or above with suspected or diagnosed EoE, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and control individuals with indication for endoscopy were enrolled prospectively between November 2020 and May 2022. Participants underwent body plethysmography with fractionated exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) level measurement. Besides, serum and fecal biomarkers were measured by ELISA. A follow-up examination was scheduled after treatment initiation in patients with active EoE.

Results:

The median FeNO level in active EoE (20 ppb) was higher compared with GERD (15 ppb, P=0.038) and control individuals (14 ppb, P=0.046). Median FeNO did not significantly differ in EoE patients who underwent follow-up assessment after treatment response (20 ppb vs. 18 ppb, P=0.771). Serum EDN, ECP, and the absolute eosinophil blood count (AEC) were elevated in active EoE compared with control individuals but not compared with GERD except for AEC. Serum EDN, ECP and AEC decreased in EoE in remission at follow-up assessment. None of the fecal biomarkers was elevated in active EoE or during treatment.

Conclusions:

Assessment of FeNO may have diagnostic value in differentiating patients with active EoE from non-EoE patients but is not a suitable marker for monitoring disease activity. Serum EDN, ECP, TARC, and AEC levels are emerging as potential candidates for monitoring disease activity in EoE.
Reproducibility of the AGREE II Tool for Assessing the Methodological Quality of Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Antithrombotic Agents in Patients Undergoing GI Endoscopy
Authors: Dayto Denisse Camille , Blonski Wojciech , Reljic Tea , Klocksieben Farina , Gill Jeffrey , Gomez-Esquivel Rene D. , Patel Brijesh , Taunk Pushpak , Sephien Andrew , Thelin Camille , Kumar Ambuj
Published: August 2024

Background:

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) exist for the management of antithrombotic agents in the periendoscopic period; however, their methodological qualities vary. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool has been validated for the assessment of the methodological quality of CPGs; however, its reproducibility has not been assessed. The goal of this study was to assess the reproducibility of the AGREE II tool for CPGs published within the last 6 years for the management of antithrombotic agents in the periendoscopic period.

Study:

A systematic search of PubMed and Embase databases was performed to identify eligible CPGs published between January 1, 2016 and April 14, 2022. The quality of the CPG was independently assessed by 6 reviewers using the AGREE II instrument. The reproducibility was summarized as weighted κ statistic and intraclass correlation coefficient using the SPSS statistical analysis package.

Results:

The search yielded 343 citations with 7 CPGs from Europe, Asia, and the United States included in the critical appraisal. The overall mean weighted κ score across all guidelines was 0.300 (range, 0.093 to 0.384) indicating a fair agreement. The overall intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.462 (range, 0.175 to 0.570) for single measures and 0.837 (range, 0.560 to 0.888) for average measures indicating moderate reliability.

Conclusions:

Our study shows only a fair overall interobserver agreement in the methodological quality of the included CPGs. The results suggest the need for education and training of CPG raters to enhance the application of the AGREE II tool to improve its reproducibility.
Complete Platysma Muscle Suspension in Deep Plane Facelift Surgery
Authors: Timberlake Andrew T. , Brawley Craig Cameron , Paul Benjamin C. , Rosenberg David B.
Published: August 2024

Deep plane facelift surgery is not new, having originally been described over 30 years ago, however the technique has seen a recent surge in popularity. While proponents emphasize its ability to deliver very natural results, critics often cite the possibility of additional risk of the procedure due to its technically challenging dissection in proximity to branches of the facial nerve and other critical structures. These risks are perhaps greatest when operating in what have historically been described as the “danger zones,” particularly when releasing the zygomatic retaining ligaments, when performing the medial deep plane dissection in the midface, and when extending the platysma flap over the angle of the mandible into the neck. The senior author (DBR) has performed deep plane facelift surgery for over 20 years, training many novice surgeons to perform this procedure safely and incrementally. Herein, we illustrate surgical techniques to optimize safety when performing deep plane dissections. A novel vertical midline platysmaplasty combined with extended release of the low cervical platysma provide rejuvenation of the neck that extends to the clavicles.
Deciphering the impact of Acinetobacter baumannii on human health, and exploration of natural compounds as efflux pump inhibitors to treat multidrug resistance
Authors: Sivarajan Karthiga , Ravindhiran Ramya , Sekar Jothi Nayaki , Murugesan Rajeswari , Chidambaram Kumarappan , Dhandapani Kavitha
Published: August 2024

Acinetobacter baumannii is an ESKAPE pathogen and threatens human health by generating infections with high fatality rates. A. baumannii leads to a spectrum of infections such as skin and wound infections, endocarditis, meningitis pneumonia, septicaemia and urinary tract infections. Recently, strains of A. baumannii have emerged as multidrug-resistant (MDR), meaning they are resistant to at least three different classes of antibiotics. MDR development is primarily intensified by widespread antibiotic misuse and inadequate stewardship. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared A. baumannii a precarious MDR species. A. baumannii maintains the MDR phenotype via a diverse array of antimicrobial metabolite-hydrolysing enzymes, efflux of antibiotics, impermeability and antibiotic target modification, thereby complicating treatment. Hence, a deeper understanding of the resistance mechanisms employed by MDR A. baumannii can give possible approaches to treat antimicrobial resistance. Resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) efflux pumps have been identified as the key contributors to MDR determinants, owing to their capacity to force a broad spectrum of chemical substances out of the bacterial cell. Though synthetic inhibitors have been reported previously, their efficacy and safety are of debate. As resistance-modifying agents, phytochemicals are ideal choices. These natural compounds could eliminate the bacteria or interact with pathogenicity events and reduce the bacteria’s ability to evolve resistance. This review aims to highlight the mechanism behind the multidrug resistance in A. baumannii and elucidate the utility of natural compounds as efflux pump inhibitors to deal with the infections caused by A. baumannii.
‘Wild Type’
Authors: Askenasy Isabel , Swain Jemima E. V. , Ho Pok-Man , Nazeer Rahan Rudland , Welch Amelie , Bényei Éva Bernadett , Mancini Leonardo , Nir Sivan , Liao Pinyu , Welch Martin
Published: August 2024

In this opinion piece, we consider the meaning of the term ‘wild type’ in the context of microbiology. This is especially pertinent in the post-genomic era, where we have a greater awareness of species diversity than ever before. Genomic heterogeneity, in vitro evolution/selection pressures, definition of ‘the wild’, the size and importance of the pan-genome, gene–gene interactions (epistasis), and the nature of the ‘wild-type gene’ are all discussed. We conclude that wild type is an outdated and even misleading phrase that should be gradually phased out.