bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA MODULATION IN PREVENTING AND MANAGING SYSTEMIC DISEASES: A MULTISPECIALTY META-ANALYSIS OF EMERGING THERAPEUTIC AND DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES
Authors: Moazma Khan  , Haider Hasnain  , Mohammed Saad  , Maleeha Ashraf  , Saja Saad `  , Syeda Maryam Zehra Zaidi  , Rana Muhammad Naveed  , Jamil Albanna  , Youssef Hanafi
Published: December 2024

Background: The gut microbiota, a complex community of trillions of microorganisms, plays a pivotal role in maintaining systemic health through its influence on metabolic, immunological, and neurological pathways. Dysbiosis, or imbalance in microbial composition, is implicated in systemic diseases, including gastrointestinal disorders, metabolic syndromes, and neurobehavioral conditions. Emerging therapeutic interventions, such as probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and dietary modifications, have shown promise in restoring microbial balance and improving disease outcomes.
Objective: This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of gut microbiota modulation through probiotics, FMT, and dietary interventions in preventing and managing systemic diseases, with a focus on gastrointestinal, metabolic, and neurological health outcomes.
Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed studies published in English. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses investigating probiotics, FMT, or dietary interventions targeting systemic diseases. Risk ratios (RRs) and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a random-effects model, with heterogeneity assessed by the I² statistic. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure robustness.
Results: The analysis included ten studies with 1,093 participants, sample sizes ranging from 50 to 150. Probiotics demonstrated significant clinical benefits, particularly Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in functional abdominal pain (HR: 1.60–2.10) and Bifidobacterium bifidum in IBS (RR: 1.45–1.95). Probiotic supplementation reduced Helicobacter pylori infections (OR: 1.50–2.05) and improved ulcerative colitis outcomes (OR: 1.20–2.10). Neurological improvements were observed in depression adjunctive treatments. However, substantial heterogeneity (Q = 152.77, I² = 86.3%) was noted, largely due to variations in study designs and interventions.
Conclusion: Gut microbiota modulation through probiotics and FMT offers significant therapeutic potential in managing systemic diseases, particularly gastrointestinal disorders like IBS, ulcerative colitis, and H. pylori infections. Neurological benefits further support its broader application. Despite promising findings, substantial heterogeneity and moderate risk of bias highlight the need for standardized, large-scale trials to confirm these outcomes and optimize protocols.
ПРИНЦИП СОСТЯЗАТЕЛЬНОСТИ И РАВНОПРАВИЯ СТОРОН В УГОЛОВНОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ В СВЕТЕ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ПРАВОВОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН ДО 2030 ГОДА
Authors: Шуменова Р.Т.
Published: December 2024

Указ Президента Республики Казахстан от 15 октября 2021 года №674 «Об утверждении Концепции правовой политики Республики Казахстан до 2030 года» гласит о том, что в уголовном процессе страны продолжаются нарушения конституционных прав и свобод граждан. Актуальной проблемой является качество досудебного и судебного производств. Принцип состязательности и равноправия сторон в уголовном процессе в полной мере не реализуется, потому что существует дисбаланс возможностей между сторонами в уголовном процессе. Цель исследования: установить причины дисбаланса объема возможностей между сторонами защиты и обвинения в уголовном процессе. Методы исследования: совокупность методов логико-правового анализа, научно-правовой и сравнительный анализ норм. Результаты исследования носят практическую направленность и могут быть применены в нормотворческой деятельности при совершенствовании норм действующего Уголовно-процессуального Кодекса РК.

«Қазақстан Республикасының 2030 жылға дейінгі құқықтық саясат тұжырымдамасын бекіту туралы» Қазақстан Республикасы Президентінің 2021 жылғы 15 қазандағы № 674 Жарлығында еліміздің қылмыстық саласында азаматтардың конституциялық құқықтары мен бостандықтарын бұзу жалғасуда деп көрсетілген. іс жүргізу. Сотқа дейінгі және сот өндірісінің сапасы өзекті мәселе болып табылады. Қылмыстық процесте тараптардың бәсекелестігі мен теңдігі қағидасы толық жүзеге асырылмайды, себебі қылмыстық процесте тараптардың мүмкіндіктерінің теңгерімсіздігі орын алады. Зерттеудің мақсаты: Қылмыстық процесте қорғау және айыптау тараптары арасындағы мүмкіндіктер ауқымындағы теңгерімсіздіктің себептерін анықтау. Зерттеу әдістері: логикалық-құқықтық талдау, нормаларды ғылымиқұқықтық және салыстырмалы талдау әдістерінің жиынтығы. Зерттеу нәтижелері бағыттылықта практикалық болып табылады және Қазақстан Республикасының қолданыстағы Қылмыстық іс жүргізу кодексінің нормаларын жетілдіру кезінде нормашығармашылық қызметте қолданылуы мүмкін.

The Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated October 15, 2021 No. 674 "On approval of the Concept of Legal Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2030" states that violations of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens continue in the criminal proceedings of the country. The quality of pretrial and trial proceedings is a pressing issue. The principle of adversarial proceedings and equality of the parties in criminal proceedings is not fully implemented because there is an imbalance of opportunities between the parties in criminal proceedings. Research objective: to establish the reasons for the imbalance in the scope of opportunities between the defense and prosecution in criminal proceedings. Research methods: a set of methods of logical and legal analysis, scientific and legal and comparative analysis of norms. The results of the study are practical in nature and can be applied in rulemaking activities to improve the norms of the current Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Pemikiran Tasawuf Falsafi Perspektif Abuya Amran Waly Al-Khalidy
Authors: Wahid Assauti
Published: December 2024

Tasawuf falsafi adalah pemikiran tasawuf yang pernah dikembangkan baik oleh Syekh Abu Yasid al-Bustami, Ibnu Arabi, Abdul Karim al-Jilli, Syekh Hamzah Fansuri, Syekh Syamsuddin al-Sumaterani, Syekh Abdul Rauf al-Singkili, Syekh Abdul Shamad al-Falimbangi, maupun para ulama tasawuf falsafi lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemikiran tasawuf falsafi perspektif Abuya Amran Waly al-Khalidy dan pengaruh sosial keagamaan di Aceh. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan menggabungkan antara penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan. Instrument yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data mengikuti Model Analysis Interactive Miles dan Hubermen 1994; pengumpulan data, reduksi data, dan penyajian data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tasawuf falsafi merupakan suatu kajian yang berdasarkan pada rukun agama yang ketiga yaitu ihsan dan cara mengobati atau menghilangkan penyakit nafsu pada manusia. Mempelajari tasawuf falsafi ini tidak hanya cukup sebagai pengakuan atau membenarkan keberadaan Allah dan sifat-sifat-Nya saja, akan tetapi semua yang ada di alam ini harus hilang dari pandangan kita, hanya saja yang ada cahaya dan keberadaan Allah yang dapat berpegang teguh dengan tauhid sehingga tidak ada lagi dalam batin manusia selain Allah. Ada tiga ajaran dari tasawuf ini yaitu syari’at, tarikat dan hakikat. Yang disyiarkan kepada pengikutnya adalah ibadah, toleransi dan aqidah yang benar. Pengaruh tasawuf falsafi ini terlihat pada perubahan ke arah yang lebih baik dalam kehidupan masyarakat Aceh, baik dalam bidang ibadah, sosial, dan akhlak, juga telah mampu mendakwahkan kembali ajaran tasawuf dengan mengimbangi persoalan dunia dan akhirat. Selain itu, Abuya Amran Waly juga berhasil membangkitkan dan menyambungkan transmisi tasawuf falsafi Aceh lama di era Aceh maupun Indonesia modern.
Kontribusi Perempuan Dalam Menopang Ekonomi Keluarga Perspektif Maqashid Syariah
Authors: Rosa Rosa , Adiyono Adiyono
Published: December 2024

Dalam era globalisasi, stigma bahwa perempuan hanya menjadi ibu rumah tangga telah  bergeser, kini mereka dapat membantu perekonomian keluarga. Khususnya Perempuan single parent tidak hanya berperan sebagai ibu rumah tangga namun juga sebagai ayah yang mengharuskan mencari nafkah. Saat ini tidak jarang perempuan single parent yang bekerja bahkan membuat usaha sendiri untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup bahkan menjadi tulang punggung keluarganya. Dengan begitu, perempuan single parent memiliki pendapatan sendiri sehingga semakin banyak hasil pendapatan untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomi dalam keluarganya. Selanjutnya peneliti menggunakan perspektif maqashid syariah dengan tujuan untuk memahami bagaimana prinsip-prinsip Islam dapat memberikan panduan dalam mengoptimalkan peran dan keikutsertaan perempuan single parent dalam ekonomi keluarga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui serta menganalisis mengenai kontribusi atau keterlibatan seorang perempuan single parent dalam menopang ekonomi keluarga dalam pandangan maqashid syariah. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan yaitu wawancara dengan 10 perempuan single parent , observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh kemudian di analis reduksi data, kemudian dilakukan penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis kontribusi atau keterlibatan perempuan single parent dalam menopang ekonomi keluarga sesuai dengan perspektif maqashid syariah. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Desa Labang, Kecamatan Labang Kabupaten Bangkalan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa para perempuan single parent berusaha sendiri dalam menopang ekonomi keluarga baik yang di sebabkan oleh perceraian maupun ditinggal suami yang disebabkan meninggal dunia. Hal ini membuat peneliti tertarik untuk menulis jurnal dengan judul kontribusi perempuan dalam menopang ekonomi keluarga perspektif maqashid syariah.
Peran Niat (Mens rea) dalam Pertanggungjawaban Pidana di Indonesia
Authors: Ar Aris Munandar , Wirda Wirda , Rusbandi Aditya Slamet , Zulhendra Muhammad , Bahri Saiful , Fajri Danang
Published: December 2024

Niat (mens rea) adalah elemen penting dalam hukum pidana Indonesia yang berperan dalam menentukan tingkat pertanggungjawaban pidana seseorang. Tanpa adanya niat atau kesengajaan, tindak pidana cenderung dianggap tidak lengkap, karena hukum pidana mensyaratkan adanya kesalahan batiniah yang melandasi suatu tindakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran mens rea dalam sistem hukum pidana di Indonesia, terutama dalam menentukan tingkat kesalahan dan hukuman yang dijatuhkan kepada pelaku. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode pustaka, di mana berbagai sumber hukum seperti peraturan perundang-undangan, buku, dan jurnal ilmiah ditelaah untuk memahami penerapan mens rea dalam kasus-kasus pidana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mens rea memiliki peran krusial dalam memisahkan antara tindak pidana yang dilakukan dengan kesengajaan atau niat buruk dan yang terjadi karena kelalaian. Kehadiran mens rea sering kali memperberat hukuman, terutama dalam kasus-kasus berat seperti pembunuhan berencana. Namun, pembuktian niat tetap menjadi tantangan dalam hukum pidana, khususnya dalam kasus-kasus kompleks seperti kejahatan siber. Kesimpulannya, penerapan mens rea berkontribusi signifikan terhadap keadilan dalam proses peradilan pidana di Indonesia.
Perkembangan Teori Pertanggungjawaban Pidana di Indonesia: Kajian Pustaka terhadap Literatur Hukum Pidana
Authors: Fridawati Titit , Gunawan Khairol , Andika Reza , Rafi Muhammad , Ramadhan Rafsanjani , Isan Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji perkembangan teori pertanggungjawaban pidana di Indonesia melalui metode kajian pustaka, dengan fokus pada literatur hukum pidana klasik dan kontemporer. Dalam hukum pidana Indonesia, teori pertanggungjawaban pada awalnya banyak dipengaruhi oleh sistem hukum Eropa Kontinental, khususnya Belanda, yang menekankan pada prinsip kesalahan individu. Namun, seiring waktu, teori ini mengalami transformasi untuk menjawab kebutuhan masyarakat modern. Perubahan ini terlihat dalam adopsi teori-teori baru seperti strict liability dan pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi yang lebih sesuai dengan kasus-kasus kompleks, seperti tindak pidana lingkungan dan kejahatan transnasional. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi tantangan utama dalam penerapan teori-teori tersebut, seperti minimnya harmonisasi antara teori hukum yang berkembang dan praktik peradilan yang konservatif. Selain itu, regulasi yang belum memadai dan kurangnya pemahaman aparat penegak hukum terhadap konsep-konsep modern menjadi hambatan signifikan. Meski demikian, prospek positif muncul melalui penguatan pendekatan keadilan restoratif dan peningkatan kolaborasi antara akademisi, praktisi, dan pembuat kebijakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan teori pertanggungjawaban pidana yang relevan dan adaptif penting untuk memastikan sistem hukum pidana Indonesia mampu menjawab tantangan hukum masa kini. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berkontribusi pada pembaruan sistem hukum pidana yang lebih efektif dan berkeadilan.
Strategi Orang Tua dalam Mengelola Penggunaan Gadget Anak Usia Dini di Gampong Tanjung Deah Darussalam
Authors: Rawanita Mesi , Mardhiah Ainal
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali strategi orang tua di Gampong Tanjung Deah Darussalam dalam mengelola penggunaan gadget pada anak usia dini, dengan fokus pada aspek perencanaan, upaya pelaksanaan, dan tantangan yang dihadapi. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif digunakan untuk mendalami pengalaman dan perspektif orang tua terkait isu ini. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan sejumlah orang tua yang memiliki anak usia dini, serta observasi langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar orang tua di Gampong Tanjung Deah Darussalam memiliki kesadaran yang tinggi terhadap pentingnya pembatasan penggunaan gadget bagi anak. Orang tua melakukan perencanaan melalui pembatasan waktu, pemilihan konten edukatif, dan pendampingan saat anak menggunakan gadget. Selain itu, usaha-usaha seperti penyediaan alternatif aktivitas fisik dan sosial serta penerapan sistem reward dan punishment menjadi bagian dari strategi mereka dalam menjaga keseimbangan penggunaan gadget. Namun, beberapa kendala juga ditemukan, antara lain kesulitan konsistensi dalam menerapkan aturan, tekanan sosial dari lingkungan, dan keterbatasan pengetahuan teknologi. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan gadget pada anak usia dini tidak hanya memerlukan peran aktif orang tua, tetapi juga dukungan dari lingkungan sosial dan edukasi terkait fitur pengaturan teknologi.
Penciptaan Perempuan Pertama dalam Al-Qur’an; Tinjauan Komparatif Studi Tafsir Al Manar dan Tafsir Munir
Authors: Mairizal T , Nur Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Asal usul penciptaan perempuan masih menjadi perdebatan dikalangan ulama, apakah tercipta dari unsur yang sama dengan Adam atau ia diciptakan dari salah satu bagian tubuh adam. Melalui kajian komparasi atas dua pemikiran tafsir, penelitian ini kemudian mengeksplorasi pemahaman ulama mengenai ayat-ayat penciptaan perempuan dari dua tafsir utama yakni Al Manar dan Al Munir. Melalui tafsir atas makna kata nafs al wahidah diketahui bahwa Hawa dan perempuan tidak tercipta dari sub bagian Adam, tapi mereka diciptakan dari jenis yang sama dengan tanggungjawab ontologis dan eskatologis yang sama
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Gampong Lhok Mamplam dengan Implementasi Apotek Hidup untuk Kemandirian Obat Herbal
Authors: Mairizal T , Alwi Rahmat , Zulfahmi Zulfahmi , Ronaldi Ronaldi , Isma Cut Nelga , Asra Cut , Yuliana Eva , Elisa Iba , Dewi Cut Putri Herfinda , Anggriati Weni
Published: December 2024

Kuliah Pengabdian Masyarakat di STAIN Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh bertujuan untuk memberdayakan masyarakat Gampong Lhok Mamplam, Kecamatan Meukek, Kabupaten Aceh Selatan melalui implementasi Apotek Hidup untuk mandiri dalam penggunaan obat herbal. Inisiatif ini difokuskan pada pendidikan dan pelatihan bagi penduduk dalam penanaman dan pemanfaatan tanaman obat sebagai alternatif pengobatan yang murah dan mudah diakses. Program ini mencakup workshop tentang identifikasi, penanaman, dan pengolahan tanaman herbal, dengan penekanan pada sifat-sifat obat dan manfaat kesehatannya. Dengan mempromosikan penggunaan obat herbal, proyek ini tidak hanya meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tetapi juga mendorong kemandirian dalam memenuhi kebutuhan kesehatan secara berkelanjutan. Partisipasi aktif dan kolaborasi penduduk lokal menjadi kunci keberhasilan dan relevansi inisiatif ini. Melalui keterlibatan komunitas ini, kesadaran akan pentingnya pengobatan herbal tumbuh, mendorong gaya hidup lebih sehat dan penghematan ekonomi. Dampaknya meluas dari rumah tangga individual hingga praktik kesehatan masyarakat secara luas, meningkatkan ketahanan dan keberlanjutan dalam pelayanan kesehatan. Kuliah ini menekankan signifikansi inisiatif yang didorong oleh komunitas dalam meningkatkan akses kesehatan dan memberdayakan masyarakat lokal menuju kesejahteraan holistik.
Peningkatan Kualitas SDM Masyarakat dalam Rangka Mencapai Program Pembangunan Di Kelurahan Sadabuan Kecamatan Padangsidimpuan Utara Kota Padangsidimpuan
Authors: Nasution Yassir Arafat , Hasibuan Mhd. Amin , Nasution Ismail , Sihombing Rosdiana , Nurhasanah Nurhasanah , Gultom Marwan , Safitri Safitri , Nasution Lina Marlina Sari , Ritonga Alwi Dahlan , Sari Winda
Published: December 2024

Artikel ini membahas hasil kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat yang dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Sadabuan, Kecamatan Padangsidimpuan Utara, Kota Padangsidimpuan. Program ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas SDM masyarakat melalui pendekatan multidimensional yang mencakup bidang pendidikan, lingkungan hidup dan kesehatan, pelayanan masyarakat, pemerintahan kelurahan, kesenian dan olahraga, serta sosial dan budaya. Di bidang pendidikan, program ini berhasil meningkatkan kemampuan akademik anak-anak dan membentuk karakter melalui berbagai metode pengajaran di Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah (MDT) dan kegiatan kunjungan rumah. Di bidang lingkungan hidup dan kesehatan, inisiatif pembersihan lingkungan dan pembuatan apotik hidup meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang kebersihan dan kesehatan. Pelayanan masyarakat menunjukkan pencapaian dalam membangun hubungan harmonis antara mahasiswa dan warga melalui diskusi, bimbingan, dan partisipasi dalam kegiatan sosial. Dukungan dari pemerintah kelurahan juga memperkuat integrasi program dengan kebijakan lokal. Kegiatan seni seperti "poda nalima" menggabungkan prinsip lingkungan dengan budaya lokal, sementara pemahaman mendalam tentang sosial dan budaya mempererat hubungan antara mahasiswa dan masyarakat. Secara keseluruhan, kegiatan ini berhasil meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat dan memperkuat kemitraan antara mahasiswa dan masyarakat, menunjukkan potensi besar dari pendekatan kolaboratif dalam pengembangan komunitas
International Relations of Riga Technical University and Dresden University of Technology Over Three Centuries (1862–2024)
Authors: Zigmunde Alīda , Tipāns Igors
Published: December 2024

The cooperation between Riga Technical University (RTU) and Dresden University of Technology (TUD; Technische Universität Dresden) is one of the oldest international partnerships in the history of both universities. It started more than a century and a half ago and continues today. The cooperation between the two universities has manifested itself in various ways – both by taking over the experience of the university as an institution and sharing it, and in student and lecturer exchange trips. Some engineers and lecturers have worked at the Technical University in Riga, while former residents of Riga have studied and worked in Dresden. Cooperation agreements between the two universities were concluded in the second half of the 20th century. The best students of the renovated Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) continued their studies in Dresden and practiced in German companies. Both students and teaching staff went to TUD to exchange experiences. The long-term cooperation continues even today, including mutual congratulations on the anniversaries of universities and nominating scientists as Honorary Members of universities.
Rīgas Politehnikuma / Rīgas Politehniskā institūta profesora Heinriha Malhera (1848–1927) darbība un devums Latvijai
Authors: Šellers Daniels , Zigmunde Alīda , Medveckis Arturs
Published: December 2024

Rīgas Politehnikumā (RP) tā pastāvēšanas pirmajās desmitgadēs strādāja daudz ārzemnieku, viņu vidū arī viens no starptautiski atpazīstamākajiem docētājiem un zinātniekiem ģeodēzists un hidrotehniķis Heinrihs Malhers (Heinrich Malcher; 1848–1927), kurš turpināja strādāt arī pēc augstskolas reorganizācijas par Rīgas Politehnisko institūtu (RPI; 1896). 20 gadu profesors bija RP / RPI Inženieru nodaļas vadītājs (1882–1902). Līdzās pedagoģiskajam darbam H. Malhers izprojektēja ūdensvadu Jelgavai (1881), vadīja Rīgas pilsētas pirmā triangulācijas tīkla izveidi, nodarbojās ar pilsētas notekūdeņu novadīšanas jautājumiem, darbojās Rīgas Tehniskajā biedrībā. Mūža nogalē viņš dzīvoja Čehijā, Kujavī ciematā, kur izveidoja pirmo ūdens sadales sistēmu un strādāja par celtniecības konsultantu un inspektoru.
Pēteris Elksnītis (1879–1963) – viens no piensaimniecības izveidotājiem Latvijā
Authors: Zvirgzdiņš Indulis
Published: December 2024

Starpkaru periodā svarīga tautsaimniecības nozare Latvijā bija piensaimniecība, kurā strādāja gan augstskolu absolventi – inženieri, gan cilvēki bez augstākās izglītības. Viens no viņiem – Pēteris Elksnītis (1879–1963), kurš jaunībā izmācījās kalēja amatu, pašmācībā apguva tehniķa amatu (1910) un strādāja Rīgas Lauksaimniecības centrālbiedrības sabiedrībā «Konsums», piedalījās pienotavu ierīkošanā, strādāja Latvijas Republikas Zemkopības ministrijas Lauksaimniecības departamentā, atbildot par lauksaimniecības tehniku, Latvijas Piensaimnieku centrālās savienības Tehniskajā nodaļā par vadītāju, piedaloties pienotavu būvē un mehanizācijā, piena pārstrādes punktu iekārtošanā. P. Elksnītis starpkaru periodā ne tikai izstrādāja pienotavu un krejotavu projektus un rūpējās arī par to aprīkojumu, bet ieguva arī vairākus patentus par saviem izgudrojumiem piena pārstrādes tehnikai, kartupeļu novākšanai, veļas mazgāšanai. Dažus ar piensaimniecību saistītus patentus nopirka un realizēja uzņēmēji Dānijā. Pēc nelaimes gadījuma (1932) P. Elksnītis no algota darba atvaļinājās un atgriezās savās mājās Praulienā. 1932. gadā
P. Elksnītis apbalvots ar Latvijas valsts augstāko apbalvojumu – Triju zvaigžņu ordeni.
Lidija Ose (Osis) – tipveida dzīvojamo ēku arhitekte, mēbeļu dizainere
Authors: Gudro Ilze
Published: December 2024

Rakstā pirmo reizi apkopota informācija par padomju laika tipveida dzīvojamo ēku arhitekti un iebūvēto mēbeļu dizaineri, Latvijas Valsts universitātes Arhitektūras fakultātes absolventi (1952) Lidiju Osi (1922–1985). Tajā atspoguļotas arhitektes dzīves un izglītības gaitas, kā arī radošais devums laikā, kad no 20. gadsimta 50. gadu vidus līdz 70. gadu beigām tapa masveida dzīvojamo rajonu apbūve un projektētas jaunas tipveida daudzstāvu dzīvojamās ēkas. Arhitekte devusi ieguldījumu M2., M3., 1-430., 1-316., 1-318., 103., 104., 119. un 467. sērijas ēku projektēšanā, attīstībā un celtniecībā. L. Ose projektējusi arī iebūvētās virtuves, vannasistabas, gaiteņa mēbeles, ēku ieejas mezglus, interjera un arhitektoniskos elementus (logus, balkonus, durvis un to tehniskās un konstruktīvās detaļas). Viņas darbu klāstā ir arī kultūras nami, klubi, kinozāles un studentu kopmītne. L. Ose piedalījusies vairākos arhitektūras projektu konkursos, tostarp sporta bāzei Lucavsalā. Kopā ar arhitekti Martu Staņu (1913–1972), Imantu Jākobsonu (1934–1993) un Haroldu Kanderu (1927– 2004) piedalījusies Dailes teātra jaunās ēkas Brīvības (tolaik – Ļeņina) ielā 75 projektēšanā.
CRIMINAL-LEGAL ASPECTS OF CORRUPTION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Karovic Sadmir , Galic Zoran , Djukic Petar
Published: December 2024

The subject of this paper is the criminal-legal aspects of corruption in Bo- snia and Herzegovina. The author’s intention is to divert your attention and point out the legal and social specifics of corruption as legal and social phenomenon that under special attention of scientific, expert and gene- ral public for a reason. Respectfully, there is no area of human action or interaction that is immune to corruption. However, the institutional re- action of state to this criminality must be adequate and proportional to the needs of research and evidence in order to achieve desired results of criminal judiciary. Special attention is directed to the problem of defini- tion and understanding corruption with all its complex dimensions and the inability to coordinate one universal and comprehensive definition of this term. Also, this essay emphasizes problems of complexity of revealing the existence of these criminal acts and the aspect of verifying, i.e. proving the existence of these corruptive actions, while appreciating restrictive law conditions, materials and process.
SOCIJALNI RAD SA MIGRANTIMA – PRIVID ILI STVARNOST: PRIMJER KANTONA SARAJEVO
Authors: Gadžo Šašić Sabira , Repovac Nikšić Valida
Published: December 2024

Prve decenije 21. vijeka obilježile su krize iz kojih su proizašle i mnoge negativne promjene. Migrantska kriza je samo jedna u nizu koja se veže za taj period, a koja je eskalirala u vrijeme takozvane Corona krize. Nepovoljan položaj ljudi u pokretu, te neophodnost uključivanja važnih aktera u rješavanje migrantske krize, samo su neki segmenti na koje je stavljen naglasak u ovom tekstu. Također, teoretski su elabori- rani mogući pristupi rada stručnjaka, posebno socijalnih radnika u radu sa migrantima. Kroz kvalitativnu analizu ukazano je na izazove i poteškoće s kojima se susreću stručnjaci u radu sa ovom socijalno isključenom skupinom ljudi.
SOCIO-DEMOGRAFSKE KARAKTERISTIKE UČENIKA KAO ODREDNICE SAMOSLUŽEĆIH KOGNITIVNIH DISTORZIJA
Authors: Vrucinic Zana
Published: December 2024

Kognitivne distorzije predstavljaju netačne ili pristrasne načine tuma- čenja ili pridavanja određenog značenja iskustvima. Njihova uloga u razvoju i održavanju psihopatologije povezane sa internalizujućim i eksternalizujućim ponašanjima (agresija, delinkvencija) pokazala se kao veoma važna. Cilj ove studije je utvrditi razlike u samoslužećim kognitivnim distorzijama (kognitivnim distorzijama u službi selfa) mjerenim upitnikom How I Think (HIT-Q; Barriga, Gibbs, Potter, and Liau, 2001), s obzirom na pol, godine, mjesto stanovanja, broj djece u porodici i porodičnoj strukturi, među učenicima. Uzorak u ovom istra- živanju je bio prigodan i činilo ga je 789 učenika, od kojih je 471 uče- nik osnovnih škola i 318 učenika srednjih škola iz entiteta Republika Srpska. Rezultati pokazuju da su kod dječaka značajno izraženije sve četiri samoslužeće kognitivne distorzije – egocentrične (centrirane na self), okrivljavanje drugih (prebacivanje krivice), minimiziranje/pogreš- no označavanje i pretpostavljanje najgoreg za razliku od djevojčica koje postižu niže rezultate u ovim dimenzijama. Stariji maloljetnici (16-19 godina) više angažuju (koriste) kognitivne distorzije u službi selfa u svakodnevnom funkcionisanju, za razliku od mlađih (13-15 godina). Ispitanici iz prigradskih, odnosno ruralnih sredina, postižu više rezul- tate na kognitivnoj distorziji u službi selfa ‒ dimenzija pretpostavljanje najgoreg, za razliku od vršnjaka iz grada. Djeca koja žive u jednorodi- teljskim porodicama postižu više rezultate na samoslužećoj kognitivnoj distorziji ‒minimiziranje/pogrešno označavanje, za razliku od njihovih vršnjaka koji odrastaju uz oba roditelja. Razmatraju se teorijske i prak- tične implikacije ovih nalaza.
PRAKTIKOVANJE NEKONVENCIONALNE MEDICINE U SUOČAVANJU SA PANDEMIJOM KOVID-19 U FEJSBUK GRUPI „HOMEOPATIJA, POLJSKA – KLASIČNA, KLINIČKA, DETOKSIKACIJA“
Authors: Trochimowicz Michalina , Dąbrowska Prokopowska Ewa
Published: December 2024

Prema međunarodnoj studiji3, popularnost alternativne medicine značaj- no je porasla u posljednjih 30 godina u većini zapadnih zemalja. Pan- demija Covid-19 i okolnosti povezane s njom uslovili su značajno pove- ćanje upotrebe ne-medicinskih praksi. Vrijeme pojavljivanja pandemije Covid-19 dodatno je pogoršalo negativna ljudska iskustva rada u društvu rizika. Kako bi smanjili ove strahove, sve više ljudi se okreće alternativnoj medicini. Ljudi sve više počinju sami tražiti medikamente i preventivne mjere, pri čemu su ovdje važni emocionalni aspekti percepcije pandemije i sve veća medijatizacija, ali i loše stanje zdravstvene zaštite u Poljskoj. Tekst je analiza rezultata istraživanja provedenog na Facebook grupi „Home- opatija Poljska - klasična, klinička. Detoksikacija“. Grupa je zatvorena, u kojoj svaki član mora biti uključen da bi učestvovao. Ovo omogućava analizu grupe ljudi koji koriste nemedicinske prakse, a ne samo deklarisa- nje ovih aktivnosti. Ovaj članak pokušava analizirati fenomen nekonven- cionalne medicine i njene društvene posljedice na primjeru homeopatije. Dodatni veoma važan faktor, čiju smo korelaciju odlučili da istražimo, jeste nivo vjerovanja i magijske prakse korisnika homeopatije.
KRIVIČNO-PRAVNI ASPEKTI KORUPCIJE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI
Authors: Karovic Sadmir , Galic Zoran , Djukic Petar
Published: December 2024

Predmet ovog rada su krivično-pravni aspekti korupcije u Bosni i Herce- govini, te intencija autora da skrenu pažnju i ukažu na određene pravne i društvene specifičnosti korupcije, kao pravnog i društvenog fenomena koji sa razlogom zavređuje posebnu pažnju naučne, stručne i opšte jav- nosti. Uvažavajući da ne postoji ni jedna oblast ljudskog djelovanja koja je imuna na korupciju, državna institucionalna reakcija na ovaj krimi- nalitet mora biti adekvatna i srazmjerno potrebna realnim otkrivačkim i dokaznim potrebama u cilju postizanja adekvatnih rezultata krivičnog pravosuđa. U vezi s naprijed navedenim, posebna pažnja je usmjerena na problem definisanja i shvatanja korupcije, cijeneći njegovu složenost i nemogućnost usaglašavanja jedne univerzalne i sveobuhvatne defini- cije ovog pojma. Takođe, u radu su apostrofirani problemi koji se odno- se na kompleksnost otkrivanja postojanja ovih krivičnih djela kao i na aspekt utvrđivanja, odnosno dokazivanja koruptivnih krivičnih djela, cijeneći restriktivne zakonske uslove materijalne i procesne prirode.
External Financing, Governance, and Infrastructure Development: Evidence From Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors:   Economic Sciences, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, North-West University, South  Africa, Noah Afees Oluwashina , David Oladipo Olalekan ,   Economic Sciences, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, North-West University, South  Africa
Published: December 2024

Infrastructure development in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) requires diversified financing strategies to address a significant funding shortfall that cannot be met by domestic resources alone. This research evaluates the contributions of external financing—namely Official Development Assistance (ODA), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPI)—in complementing domestic efforts to advance infrastructure in SSA. It examines their influence, alongside governance, on the development of physical and social infrastructure components. Employing methodologies such as Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) and System Generalized Method of Moments (SGMM) across 43 SSA economies from 2000 to 2022, the analysis reveals that FDI substantially enhances physical infrastructure development but does not significantly impact social infrastructure. In contrast, ODA is shown to have a negative direct effect on overall infrastructure development, whereas PPI shows no significant direct influence. However, when considering indirect effects mediated by governance, all external financing sources positively affect both types of infrastructure, except for PPI’s influence on social infrastructure. Theoretically, this study reinforces the critical roles of economic growth, institutional quality, and external financing in supporting infrastructure development, as suggested by related theories. The study recommends that SSA authorities should focus on attracting more foreign investment, particularly in physical infrastructure projects, and encourage a broader diversification of external financing sources beyond FDI alone. Moreover, enhancing governance practices is essential for effective resource allocation and utilization. The study also advocates for improved public spending efficiency through enhanced project prioritization and governance reforms to foster sustainable infrastructure development in the region.
Strategic Knowledge Management Framework For Technology Transfer In Indonesian Joint Operation Construction Projects
Authors:   Departement of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424,  Indonesia, Suryana Yudha Trimuliadi , Rarasati Ayomi Dita ,   Departement of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424,  Indonesia
Published: December 2024

Joint Operation (JO) construction companies in Indonesia face persistent challenges in technology transfer, including misalignment between advanced technologies and organizational capacities. Knowledge management has been proposed as a strategic solution, but its implementation remains underdeveloped. This study develops a framework to enhance technology transfer in JO construction projects through improved knowledge management practices. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines a literature review with an analytical hierarchy process, fuzzy set theory, and a simple additive weighting method, supported by data from selected respondents involved in the Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) project (CP201). Key findings identify knowledge acquisition, utilization, and sharing as critical processes, with sub-criteria such as clarity of roles and responsibilities and external collaboration emerging as pivotal. The SECI (Socialization, Externalization, Combination, and Internalization) model is applied to guide the development of actionable strategies for effective knowledge management. This study contributes a tailored framework for Indonesian JO construction companies, bridging gaps in technology transfer and advancing organizational capabilities. Practical recommendations are provided to improve knowledge integration and foster sustainable growth in infrastructure projects.
Self-association enhances early attentional selection through automatic prioritization of socially salient signals
Authors: Scheller Meike , Tünnermann Jan , Fredriksson Katja , Fang Huilin , Sui Jie
Published: December 2024

Efficiently processing self-related information is critical for cognition, yet the earliest mechanisms enabling this self-prioritization remain unclear. By combining a temporal order judgement task with computational modelling based on the Theory of Visual Attention (TVA), we show how mere, arbitrary associations with the self can fundamentally alter attentional selection of sensory information into short-term memory/awareness, by enhancing the attentional weights and processing capacity devoted to encoding socially loaded information. This self-prioritization in attentional selection occurs automatically at early perceptual stages but reduces when active social decoding is required. Importantly, the processing benefits obtained from attentional selection via self-relatedness and via physical salience were additive, suggesting that social and perceptual salience captured attention via separate mechanisms. Furthermore, intra-individual correlations revealed an ‘obligatory’ self-prioritization effect, whereby self-relatedness overpowered the contribution of perceptual salience in guiding attentional selection. Together, our findings provide evidence for the influence of self-relatedness during earlier, automatic stages of attentional section at the gateway to perception, distinct from later post-attentive processing stages.
Projections from thalamic nucleus reuniens to hippocampal CA1 area participate in context fear extinction by affecting extinction-induced molecular remodeling of excitatory synapses
Authors: Ziółkowska Magdalena , Sotoudeh Narges , Cały Anna , Puchalska Monika , Pagano Roberto , Śliwińska Małgorzata Alicja , Salamian Ahmad , Radwanska Kasia
Published: December 2024

The ability to extinguish contextual fear in a changing environment is crucial for animal survival. Recent data support the role of the thalamic nucleus reuniens (RE) and its projections to the dorsal hippocampal CA1 area (RE→dCA1) in this process. However, it remains poorly understood how RE impacts dCA1 neurons during contextual fear extinction (CFE). Here, we reveal that the RE→dCA1 pathway contributes to extinction of contextual fear by affecting CFE-induced molecular remodeling of excitatory synapses. Anatomical tracing and chemogenetic manipulation in mice demonstrate that RE neurons form synapses and regulate synaptic transmission in the stratum oriens (SO) and lacunosum-moleculare (SLM) of the dCA1 area, but not in the stratum radiatum (SR). We also observe CFE-specific structural changes of excitatory synapses and expression of the synaptic scaffold protein, PSD-95, in both strata innervated by RE, but not in SR. Interestingly, only the changes in SLM are specific for the dendrites innervated by RE. To further support the role of the RE→dCA1 projection in CFE, we demonstrate that brief chemogenetic inhibition of the RE→dCA1 pathway during a CFE session persistently impairs the formation of CFE memory and CFE-induced changes of PSD-95 levels in SLM. Thus, our data indicate that RE participates in CFE by regulating CFE-induced molecular remodeling of dCA1 synapses.
Diverse calcium dynamics underlie place field formation in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells
Authors: Sumegi Mate , Olah Gaspar , Lukacs Istvan Paul , Blazsek Martin , Makara Judit K , Nusser Zoltan
Published: December 2024

Every explored environment is represented in the hippocampus by the activity of distinct populations of pyramidal cells (PCs) that typically fire at specific locations called their place fields (PFs). PFs are constantly born even in familiar surroundings (during representational drift), and many rapidly emerge when the animal explores a new or altered environment (during global or partial remapping). Behavioral time scale synaptic plasticity (BTSP), a plasticity mechanism based on prolonged somatic bursts induced by dendritic Ca
2+
plateau potentials, was recently proposed as the main cellular mechanism underlying new PF formations (PFF), but it is unknown whether burst-associated large somatic [Ca
2+
] transients are necessary and/or sufficient for PFF. To address this issue, here we performed
in vivo
two-photon [Ca
2+
] imaging of hippocampal CA1 PCs in head-restrained mice to investigate somatic [Ca
2+
] dynamics underlying PFFs in familiar and novel virtual environments. Our results demonstrate that although many PFs are formed by BTSP-like events, PFs also frequently emerge with initial [Ca
2+
] dynamics that do not match any of the characteristics of BTSP. BTSP and non-BTSP-like new PFFs occur spontaneously in familiar environments, during neuronal representational switches and instantaneously in new environments. Our data also reveal that solitary [Ca
2+
] transients that exceed in amplitude those evoking BTSP-like PFFs frequently occur without inducing PFs, demonstrating that large [Ca
2+
] transients
per se
are not sufficient for PFF.
Decoding the biogenesis of HIV-induced CPSF6 puncta and their fusion with the nuclear speckle
Authors: Tomasini Chiara , Cuche Celine , Ay Selen , Collard Maxence , Cui Bin , Rashid Mohammad , Bhattacharjee Shaoni , Buchrieser Julian , Luchsinger Charlotte , Bertelli Cinzia , Uversky Vladimir N , Diaz-Griffero Felipe , Di Nunzio Francesca
Published: December 2024

Viruses rely on host cellular machinery for replication. After entering the nucleus, the HIV genome accumulates in nuclear niches where it undergoes reverse transcription and integrates into neighboring chromatin, promoting high transcription rates and new virus progeny. Despite anti-retroviral treatment, viral genomes can persist in these nuclear niches and reactivate if treatment is interrupted, likely contributing to the formation of viral reservoirs. The post-nuclear entry dynamics of HIV remain unclear, and understanding these steps is critical for revealing how viral reservoirs are established.In this study, we elucidate the formation of HIV-induced CPSF6 puncta and the domains of CPSF6 essential for this process. We also explore the roles of nuclear speckle scaffold factors, SON and SRRM2, in the biogenesis of these puncta. Through genetic manipulation and depletion experiments, we demonstrate the key role of the intrinsically disordered region of SRRM2 in enlarging nuclear speckles in the presence of the HIV capsid.We identify the FG domain of CPSF6 as essential for both puncta formation and binding to the viral core, which serves as the scaffold for CPSF6 puncta. While the low-complexity regions (LCRs) modulate CPSF6 binding to the viral capsid, they do not contribute to puncta formation, nor do the disordered mixed charge domains (MCDs) of CPSF6. These results demonstrate how HIV evolved to hijack host nuclear factors, enabling its persistence in the host.Of note, this study provides new insights into the underlying interactions between host factors and viral components, advancing our understanding of HIV nuclear dynamics and offering potential therapeutic targets for preventing viral persistence.
Female Moths Incorporate Plant Acoustic Emissions into Their Oviposition Decision-Making Process
Authors: Seltzer Rya , Zer Eshel Guy , Yinon Omer , Afani Ahmed , Eitan Ofri , Matveev Sabina , Levedev Galina , Davidovitz Michael , Ben Tov Tal , Sharabi Gayl , Shapira Yuval , Shvil Neta , Atallah Ireen , Hadad Sahar , Ment Dana , Hadany Lilach , Yovel Yossi
Published: December 2024

Insects rely on plants’ visual, chemical, tactile, and electrical cues when making various decisions. Recently it has been found that plants emit ultrasonic sounds, which are in the hearing range of many moths, especially under dehydration stress. In this study, we sought to determine whether insects also rely on plant acoustic signals when making decisions. We investigated whether female moths rely on ultrasonic clicks which are typically produced by dehydrated plants when deciding where to oviposit. In the absence of an actual plant, the moths indeed preferred to lay their eggs in proximity to acoustic signals which represent dehydrating plants. Tracking the moths’ behavior prior to the decision showed that they examined both sides of the arena and gradually spent more time on the acoustic-playback side. Interestingly, when actual plants were added to the arena, the oviposition preference was reversed and the moths preferred silent plants, which is in accordance with their a-priori preference for hydrated plants. Deafening the moths eliminated their preference, confirming that the choice was based on hearing. Moreover, male moth signals did not affect female oviposition decision, suggesting that the response was specific to plant sound emissions. We reveal evidence for a first acoustic interaction between moths and plants, but as plants emit various sounds, our findings hint to the existence of more currently unknown insect-plant acoustic interactions.
Analysis of the possibilities of implementing alternative methods of joining semifinished products in the production process of steel rims
Authors: Miturska-Barańska Izabela , Bornus Michał , Szadura Rafał
Published: December 2024

Assembly technology plays a crucial role in the manufacturing process, influencing the efficiency, quality, cost and lead time of production. Assembly technology in the manufacturing process encompasses all techniques and methods used to join components into a finished product. Depending on the industry and specific requirements, assembly technologies can include a variety of techniques, from traditional mechanical joints to advanced bonding, welding or soldering methods. The paper analysed the feasibility of implementing alternative methods of joining blanks in the steel wheel manufacturing process. Testing was carried out to replace the wheel rim flash welding process with laser welding. The effectiveness of laser welding was evaluated by testing prepared butt jointed sheet samples. Tests were carried out on two types of structural steel: S355MC and DD11, which were subjected to flash welding and laser welding. The specimens were subjected to strength and macrographic tests to analyse their structure and mechanical properties. The results showed that laser welding for DD11 steel leads to an increase in tensile strength, while for S355MC steel this strength is reduced. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between the assembly methods used and the steel types. Macrographic tests confirmed the presence of oxides and other characteristics of the assembly methods used. The results suggest that the choice of the appropriate joining method can have a significant impact on the quality and durability of the final product, which is crucial in the context of steel wheel production.
Production Process of Sugarcane Bagasse for the Generation of Bio-Products and Biofuel: An Overview
Authors: Singh Archana , Kanchan  , Sadhvi  , Saxena Meenakshi , Sharma NK
Published: December 2024

One of the main agricultural products grown in tropical nations is sugarcane. An estimated 1.6 billion tons of sugarcane are produced worldwide each year, and from that, 279 million metric tons (MMT) of biomass residues—bagasse and leaves—are produced. Sugarcane residues have been investigated for both non-biotechnological and biotechnological uses, in particular sugarcane bagasse (SB) and leaves (SL). The use of SB and SL in lignocellulosic bioconversion has been investigated for the past thirty years. This process presents prospects for the profitable use of leftover substrates in the synthesis of bioethanol and value-added commercial products like xylitol, specialty enzymes, organic acids, single-cell protein, etc. However, the development of bio-based commercial processes using SB and SL as basic substrates still faces significant technological and financial obstacles. The need to find a cost-effective and environmentally safe gasoline substitute stems from the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, frequent increases in gasoline prices, and harm to the environment. Due to the growing needs for fuel, food, feed, and other resources, the use of ethanol as an energy source does not appear appropriate in the long run. Ethanol is created from substrates that are derived from food and feed, such as grains, sugars, and molasses. However, the development of bio-based commercial processes using SB and SL as basic substrates still faces significant technological and financial obstacles. In order to better understand their industrial consequences, their application in commercial products, including commercial evaluation, and their potential to improve sustainable bio-based fuel systems, this article will examine SB and SL as less expensive sources of carbohydrates in developing countries.