bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genotyping of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolated from Suspected Patients in Tehran in 2015-2017
Authors: Zaker Saeed , Bagherifard Hanie
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims: Unlike many global efforts to eradicate tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium, it remains as a life-threatening infection with a worldwide incidence of 1.5 million cases each year. However, due to the lack of information about Mycobacterium tuberculosis characterization, more studies are required to evaluate strain diversity and epidemiology of tuberculosis to improve the therapeutic approaches. This study aimed to genotype the Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from suspected patients in Tehran, Iran through 2015-2017.Materials and Methods: In the current study, 30 isolates (sputum, broncho-alveolar lavage and biopsy) were collected from different tuberculosis patients at Massoud Clinical Lab of Tehran from 2015 to 2017. To find the single nucleotide polymorphisms and mutated regions, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on all the isolates to amplify the katG and gyrA genes. Then, PCR products were sequenced and analyzed.Results: The majority of isolates were assigned to PGG2 (90%), followed by PGG3 (10%) but no isolate belonging to PGG1 was found.Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate a remarkable epidemiological pattern of tuberculosis in Tehran. In group 2, isolates showed a considerably higher frequency compared to isolates in group 3, which is consistent with other findings reported in Iran. However, in contrast to other Iranian studies, no isolated strains were categorized in principal PGG1.
Molecular Detection of Adenoviruses in the Sinus Tissues of Patient by Nested-PCR in Shiraz, Southwest Iran
Authors: Mahmoudvand Shahab , Kord Mohammad , Pirbonyeh Neda , Moattari Afagh , Shokri Somayeh , Zomorodian Kamiar
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims: Rhinosinusitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane that may be caused by infectious agents such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. Few studies have been carried out on the role of viruses in Rhinosinusitis patients .The aim of this study was the molecular detection of Adenoviruses in sinus tissues by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Shiraz.Materials and Methods: In the present study, 103 paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of sinus tissues were subjected to DNA extraction and tested for adenovirus DNA using Nested PCR. The amplification of a β-globin gene by PCR-based method was used to confirm the quality of extracted DNA.Results: A total of 103 samples of sinus tissues were examined. Of these patients, 50 (48.54%) were male and the rest were female (51.46%). The patients’ age ranged between 2 and 82 years and the mean age was 42.15±1.56 years. The adenovirus DNA was detected in 13 of 103 (12.6%) samples.Conclusions: The results of this study showed that Adenoviruses have high prevalence in rhinosinusitis patients. As a results, it is an important to investigate clinical significance of viral infections especially Adeno viruses in these patients.
The Effect of Incubation Time on the Activity and Stability of Factor VIII during the Preparation Process
Authors: Kabir Kourosh , Hosseini Hassan , Jahed Zargar Mehdy , Mandeh Zeynab , Amrollahi Fatemeh , Farahmandian Navid , Bahreini Elham
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims: Hemophilia is a rare autoimmune disorder caused by autoantibodies directed in the majority of the cases against clotting factor VIII (FVIII). FVIII is extracted from human plasma or engineered from mammalian cell cultures using recombinant DNA technology. In Iran, most of the used FVIII is prepared from human plasma in Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization. It was seen important to estimate its stability and activity from bleeding time until product preparation.Material and Methods: In the analytical study, 60 healthy male donors (20-50 years old), 15 donors from each blood group, were selected after obtaining informed consent. Donors' blood was collected in QUADRI-PACKs and centrifuged after keeping at 24°C for 2 hours. The separated plasma was divided into three groups and incubated in the lab (22°C) for 0, 90, and 180 minutes, respectively. Then, samples were stored at -20°C for one month. Afterward, the plasma was thawed, and FVIII activity was assayed.Results: The activity of FVIII significantly (p<0.05) reduced by delay in freezing; after the time of 0 min: 134.84%±42, after 90 min: 126.88%±38, after 180 min: 120.22%±34. At all incubation times, the highest and the lowest FVIII activity were observed in A and O blood groups, respectively (p<0.05). FVIII activity was increased along with increasing age up to 35-40, but it decreased in subjects of 40-50 years old. These experiments confirmed that the longer the delay in freezing fresh frozen plasma, the greater the decrease in FVIII stability.Conclusions:. According to the results of this study, the best blood donors for FVIII product are those with blood group A in the age range of 40-35 years.
FROM SOLID SPACES TO LIQUID SPACES: NEW ECOLOGIES OF MUSICAL PRACTICES
Authors: Ribes Adolf Murillo , Riaño Galan María Elena , Gómez Noemy Berbel
Published: September 2019

Purpose: In recent years, the interest in creating new educational spaces has increased substantially, aiming to influence the methods of learning of our students and to adopt new educational strategies. This article highlights the importance of the atmosphere when remodeling musical practices. Methodologically, when transforming a space, we do not only have to improve the physical architectures but also the pedagogical ones, as well as keeping the practices consistent with these changes. The MUSICLAB CR-209 "Sound laboratory" have been built in Valencia (Spain). This is a hybrid space designed especially for collaborative projects -teachers, artists, students and researchers- in which sound is treated as an element or raw material that can be molded and adapted to what each project demands. 

Methodology: The method used in our research was participatory action research. In order to submit the LAB to judgment, three artistic actions were designed and developed. 

Results: In this paper, the results showed the main strengths and weaknesses in the design of the space MUSICLAB CR-209 related to the synergies generated through musical practices: the connections established at an interpersonal level, the methodologies and artistic actions developed, the participation and the coordination between the different participants agents. The weaknesses found are related, not so much related to the space itself, but rather to the lack of experiences such as the one described. In this sense, certain barriers and resistances have had to be overcome by all the actors involved. 

Implications: In conclusion, we close with a positive vision and we think that this is a novelty experience that stand out for their creativity in the development of contemporary languages and highlight the importance the atmosphere in the educational processes. Our ultimate aim is to provide a proposal that might inspire music and artistic educators when building a new school model more in line with the demands of society s. XXI.
Adolesan Varikosele Güncel Yaklaşımlar
Authors: BABA Dursun , KAYIKÇI Muhammet Ali
Published: September 2019

ÖZETVarikosel, adolesan yaş grubunda da erişkin yaş grubuna benzer sıklıkta görülmektedir. İnfertiliteye neden olabileceği için tanı ve tedavisinde dikkatli ve titiz olunmalıdır. Genel olarak adolesan varikosellerinde fertiliteyi korumak ve testis fonksiyonlarının korunması için yüksek derecede varikosel ya da testis volümünde % 20 azalma cerrahi endikasyon olarak kabul görmektedir. Bu nedenle adolesan varikoseli olan hastaların testis volümleri seri ultrason ölçümleri ve muayene ile yakından takip edilmelidir. Ergenlik döneminden sonra spermiyogram takibi de seri ultrason ölçümleri takipte önemli katkılar sağlar. Cerrahi tedaviden elde edilen başarı nedeniyle bu yaş grubunda tanısı oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışma da adolesan varikosel tanı ve tedavisi incelenmiştir.
Construcciones geométricas con el paquete tkz-euclide
Authors: Chacón Reiman Y. Acuña , Quesada Estibaliz O. Rojas
Published: September 2019

El paquete tkz-euclide.sty es un conjunto de macros especializadas en LATEX para realizar construcciones geométricas en dos dimensiones. Está construido sobre PGF (Portable Graphics Format) y su interfaz TikZ. En este documento se explica el uso básico de este paquete así como la realización de algunas construcciones complejas con el fin de que docentes universitarios y de secundaria puedan elaborar material de alta calidad para sus trabajos personales y académicos.

Abstract

The tkz-euclide.sty package is a set of specialized macros in LaTeX to make geometrical constructions in two dimensions. It is built on PGF (Portable Graphics Format) and its TikZ interface.This document explains the basic use of this package as well as the realization of some complex constructions with the purpose of university and secondary teachers for high quality material for their personal and academic works.
A Case of Orbital Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in an Adult
Authors: Carneiro Inês , Friande António , Araújo Maria
Published: September 2019

Langerhans cell histiocytosis remains an enigmatic disease with a very heterogeneous presentation. We describe a rare case of orbital Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a 39-year-old female patient who presented right orbital pain and edema of the upper right eyelid. Surgery showed a friable lesion and underlying bone irregularity. Morphological aspects and immunohistochemical profile favored the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, which was confirmed with evidence of Langerin expression. The staging tests did not reveal any organ involvement, so we decided to follow the algorithm proposed by Euro Histio Net: in case of unifocal disease and in a single organ, clinical surveillance was preferred. This case aims to raise awareness of a manifestation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, which should always be considered as a differential diagnosis in adults with osteolytic orbital lesions.
Placas Eritematosas Concêntricas Tipo Superfície de Madeira
Authors: Nogueira Catarina Pinto , Torres Tiago
Published: September 2019

N/a.
O Que é Um Bom Médico?
Authors: Ponte José
Published: September 2019

N/a.
Hâlet-i Rûhiyyenin Aynası Olarak İstinsah Kayıtları: Rodos’ta Bir Sürgünün Gizli Feryadı
Authors: ARSLAN Sami
Published: September 2019

Yazma eser, müellif, müstensih ve okur üçgeninde vücut bulanbir başka ifadeyle ana unsuru metin olan fakat ana metnindışında da birçok unsuru barındıran kümülatif bir bilgiaracıdır. Bu unsurlar asırları ve coğrafyaları dolaştıkça yenigirdilerle zenginleşir. Yazma eser unsurlarından bir taneside istinsah kayıtlarıdır. İstinsah kayıtları, okuruna kitabınve nüshanın künye bilgisini vermesinin yanı sıra özelliklesosyal ve kültürel hayata ışık tutup kaynaklık edecek (haricî)malumatı da içerisinde barındırır. XVI. yüzyıl ortasında(1551) Humuslu Ali b. Ahmed’in elinden çıkan mecmuadakiistinsah kayıtları da bahsedilen hâricî malumata ev sahipliğiyapmaktadır. Ali b. Ahmed’in yaşamaya bir türlü alışamadığı Rodos’ta istinsah ettiği bu mecmuada on iki eser bulunmaktadır.Bu makalede mecmuada bulunan mezkur eserlerinistinsah kayıtları kronolojik olarak incelenecek ve sadecebu kayıtlardan yola çıkarak Ali b. Ahmed’in biyografisinedair bir okuma yapılmaya çalışılacaktır. Zira müstensih Alib. Ahmed bu istinsah kayıtlarında eserin künye bilgisindenziyade kendi kişisel hikayesini okurlarla paylaşarak istinsahkayıtlarının tarih yazımına yardımcı kaynak olarak kullanılabileceğinigösteren örnekler bırakmıştır.
Epistemological and Ethical Implications of the Free Energy Principle
Authors: Özkural Eray
Published: September 2019

The free energy principle states that self-organization occurs through minimization of free energy, which is a measure of potential thermodynamic work. By minimizing free energy, the organism happens to also minimize surprise over its boundary, promoting chances of survival. We discuss the ethical implications of the cognitive goal in detail from an empirical point of view, highlighting the principle of least action as a physical basis of Occam's razor, the universality of the free energy principle, and its explanation of natural selection. We explain that the free energy principle extends to groups of organisms and helps us understand group-scale adaptations and selection in biology. The free energy principle applies to all scales of organization in the organism from single cells to the entire nervous system. When this principle is taken to its logical extremes of modeling groups, populations and ecosystems, we uncover a new, evolutionarily sensible path at explaining puzzling aspects of human motivation and judgement, including ethical decisions. To minimize free energy, populations have to act to maximize gathering of information, while building effective models at mitigating changes to its dynamic structure. The free energy principle thus provides a naturalistic explanation of some of our deepest ethical intuitions, and valuable principles of social behavior. We interpret the cognitive goal that corresponds to the principle as seeking a dynamic, fruitful, yet peaceful activity that sustains the organism. This state of mind is interestingly similar to the Buddhist intuition of mental equanimity; the organism's final goal is to be at peace and harmony with the environment. Another immediately relevant aspect is that assemblies must form to promote symbiotic, synergistic, positive feedback loops, which coincides with the findings of ecologists. Therefore, ethics naturally emerges in self-organizing systems. Assemblies of organisms must ultimately unite in macro-minds to achieve the greatest reduction in free energy, as well as building technological extensions of themselves to improve their capacity to do such, therefore the principle also predicts a post-singularity world-mind composed mostly of artificial intelligence.
Analysis of WRF Simulation Skill for Seasonal Rainfall: A Case Study of 2015 September–November Season
Authors: Ingula Odongo Ronald , Mugume Isaac
Published: September 2019

Rainfall is a major climate parameter whose variation in space and time influences activities in different weather sensitive sectors such as agriculture, transport, and energy among others. Therefore, accurately forecasting rainfall is of paramount importance to the development of these sectors. In this regard, this study sought to contribute to quantitative forecasting of rainfall over Eastern Uganda through assessing the Weather Research and Forecasting model’s ability to simulate the intra–seasonal characteristics of the September to December rain season. These were: onset and cessation dates; wet days and lengths of the wet spells. The data used in the study included daily ground rainfall observations and lateral and boundary conditions data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) final analysis at 1 0 horizontal resolution and at a temporal resolution of 6 hours for the entire study period were used to initialize the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The study considered four weather synoptic weather stations namely; Jinja, Serere, Soroti and Tororo. The results show that the WRF model generally simulated fewer wet days at each station except for Tororo. Also, the WRF model simulated earlier onset and cessation dates of the rainfall season and overestimated the length of the wet spells.
The Impact of Job Retention on Continuous Growth of Engineering and Informational Technology SMEs in South Korea
Authors: Park Chongryol , McQuaid Ronald , Lee Jiwoon , Kim Seungjin , Lee Insuk
Published: September 2019

This study investigates aspects of job retention and business growth in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It examines how employers think about retention policy in relation to business growth, in contrast to previous studies’ main focus on employee motivation, job retention, and turnover. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted face-to-face with Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) of Engineering and Informational Technology SMEs in South Korea. The results show that an important factor influencing job retention policies of SMEs is the motivation of employees to make voluntary effort, rather than offering them additional financial rewards or using other Human Resource Management (HRM) practices to improve individual performances. Interviewees believed that job retention and business growth are closely related and they discussed various ways of eliciting emotional contributions from employees. Unlike research on larger firms, these suggestions did not involve financial rewards. How employers think about the roles played by employees strongly influences their firm’s productivity and competitiveness. The SME CEOs examined in this study considered this issue central to their firm’s survival and growth. This study suggests SME employers adjust their retention policy correspondingly.
Assessment of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents and Potential Biological Efficacy of Few Pinus species Growing in Northern Himalayas
Authors: SINGH LAV , Dixit Pooja , Upadhyay Atul Kumar , Srivastava Ravi Prakash , Pandey Shiva raman , Verma Praveen Chandra , Saxena Gauri
Published: September 2019

Environmental interventions and ecological adaptations harbor millions of valued substances and metabolites in plants which can be employed and commercialized for human benefits. Present study encompasses the untapped potential of pine needles of Indo-Himalayan region for the production of different metabolites and their pharmacological significance in terms of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Total phenolic and flavonoid content from the needles of ten pine species was quantified using three different solvent systems. Results revealed that out of 10 different selected Pinus species, Pinus taeda showed highest concentration of total phenolics, soluble-F phenolics and flavonoids content (approx.147.02 mg/g, 141.08 mg/g and 21.91mg/g respectively) as compared to other species. On the other hand P. greggii showed highest Bound-W phenolic content (approx.3.62mg/g). Among all the selected plant species, the needles of P.echinata exhibited the highest and P.thunbergii had the lowest ratio of total flavonoids to total phenolics. Most of these compounds were found to have effective antioxidant activities as well as antimicrobial activity, as estimated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and disk diffusion test respectively.
Near-Field IR Orientational Spectroscopy of Silk
Authors: Ryu Meguya , Honda Reo , Reich Aina , Cernescu Adrian , Li Jing-Liang , Hu Jingwen , Juodkazis Saulius , Morikawa Junko
Published: September 2019

Orientational dependence of the IR absorbing amide bands of silk is demonstrated from two orthogonal longitudinal and transverse microtome slices only $\sim 100$~nm thick. A scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) which preferentially probes orientation perpendicular to the sample's surface was used. Spatial resolution of silk-epoxy boundary was defined with a $\sim 100$~nm resolution while the spectra were collected by a $\sim 10$~nm tip. Ratio of the absorbance of the amide-II C-N at 1512~cm$^{-1}$ and amide-I C=O $\beta$-sheets at 1628~cm$^{-1}$ showed sensitivity of SNOM to the molecular orientation. SNOM characterisation is complimentary to the far-field absorbance which is sensitive to the in-plane polarisation. Volumes with cross sections smaller than 100~nm can be characterised for molecular orientation. A method of absorbance measurements at four angles of slice cut orientation, which is equivalent to the four polarisation angles absorbance measurement is proposed.
Analytic Expressions for Radar Sea Clutter WSSUS Scattering Functions
Authors: Cooke Corey
Published: September 2019

Bello's stochastic linear time-varying system theory has been widely used in the wireless communications literature to characterize multipath fading channel statistics. In the context of radar backscatter, this formulation allows for statistical characterization of distributed radar targets in range and Doppler using wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering (WSSUS) models. WSSUS models separate the channel from the effect of the waveform and receive filter, making it an ideal formulation for waveform design problems. Of particular interest in the radar waveform design community is the ability to suppress unwanted backscatter from the earth's surface, known as clutter. Various methods for estimating WSSUS system functions have been studied in the literature, but to date, no analytic expressions for radar surface clutter range-Doppler scattering functions exist. In this work we derive a wideband generalization of the Jakes Doppler spectrum model, which is widely used in the wireless communications literature, adapt it for use in radar problems, and show how the maximum entropy method can be used to extend this model to account for internal clutter motion. Validation of the spectral and stationarity properties of the proposed model against a subset of the Australian Ingara sea clutter database is performed, and good agreement is shown.
Craft Entrepreneurship on Environmental Waste Recycling in Malang Municipality
Authors: Muljaningsih Sri
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of Sanggar Asta Karya Panca Wiguna (AKPW) in Malang Municipality, Indonesia, in garbage-recycling business. Garbage has been turned into valuable and artistic products that is also environmentally friendly. The products produced include dammar kambang, suket wayang, lampshade, and others. This study uses qualitative method to examine the entrepreneurship behaviour of the AKPW. The key informant is the chairperson of the studio. AKPW works in the fields of environment, education, economy, culture, and health. The result of the research shows that the garbage-recycling business takes creativity and product innovation based on persistence and perseverance. AKPW works on the concept of social green entrepreneurship that combines the concept of three pillars of ecological, economic, and social sustainability through art and culture. AKPW should conduct more efforts to socialize more intensively.
Eliciting Salient Factors in Online Shopping Behavior Research
Authors: Said Laila Refiana
Published: September 2019

This paper argues the importance of an exploratory study prior to hypotheses testing in any causal-effect or explanatory predictive behavioral research. It proposes a stage of eliciting salient factors using a framework from theory of planned behavior. The paper opted for an exploratory study by firstly examining 12 academic research of online shopping behavior in Indonesia.  Secondly, using the open-ended questions given to 30 respondents, the paper explored reasons respondents shop or not shop online. Those immediate responses were documented and termed as salient factors.  Thirdly, the salient factors were then combined with foregone factors based on literature reviews.  The final set of factors was chosen as predictive variables in order to provide more accurate potential antecedents for predicting and explaining online shopping behavior. The paper provides sound and practical guidance in eliciting salient factors and formulating a final set of factors in causal-effect/explanatory predictive behavioral research on online shopping behavior.  It suggests that academic research should place importance on the stage of eliciting salient factors. Foregone factors are used to strengthen the choice of predictive variables.  Both salient and foregone factors are necessary for the final set of factors in such online shopping behavior studies. The paper includes implications for the online vendors and government agencies to promote e-commerce. This paper fulfils a need to conduct exploratory study on online shopping behavior to understand such phenomenon of high internet penetration yet low rate of online buying behavior by focusing on salient factors of the studies. 
Political Connection and Firm Value in Indonesia
Authors: Pratama Versiandika Yudha , Setiawan Doddy
Published: September 2019

This is an event study aims to determine the influence of political connections to firm value as measured by cumulative abnormal return on non-financial sector companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study used secondary data in the form of stock price and annual financial statement obtained the Indonesia Stock Exchange website, Indonesian Capital Market Directory, and other relevant sources. In sampling technique, purposive sampling method is used where 272 non-financial sector companies are selected. The data is examined by using multiple linear regression to measure the influence of political connections on firm value. The findings of this study revealed that political connections have an effect on firm value as measured by cumulative abnormal return on non-financial sector companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange.
Effect of clonidine on heart rate variability during spinal anesthesia: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Batista Hermes Melo Teixeira , Nunes Rogean Rodrigues , Raimundo Rodrigo Daminello , Valenti Vítor Engracia , Bezerra Italla Maria Pinheiro , Abreu Luiz Carlos de , Riera Andrés Ricardo Pérez
Published: September 2019

Introduction:All anesthetic techniques act, in some way, in the Autonomic Nervous System. In spinal anesthesia this effect is well described. The administration of local anesthetics in the subarachnoid space produces sensitive and sympathetic motor block, however, with latencies and variable and independent block levels. Adjuvants administered in association with local anesthetics have the potential to prolong the duration of spinal anesthesia, increasing the incidence of side effects. The recovery of spinal anesthesia is based solely on the return of motor function and does not take into account the recovery of Autonomic Nervous System activity.Objective:To analyze the autonomic modulation of heart rate in patients undergoing surgical procedures under spinal anesthesia at the moment of recovery of motor function and to compare the autonomic function in patients who received bupivacaine in subarachnoid anesthesia with patients who recover bupivacaine associated with clonidine. Method:randomized, double-blind clinical trial. The sample consisted initially of 71 patients ASA I to III, submitted to surgery under spinal anesthesia. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group B received only bupivacaine and group C received bupivacaine with clonidine. The Heart Rate Variability was evaluated during 10 min in three moments: (T1) rest, before the anesthesia; (T2) 20 min after the installation of the anesthetic block, and (T3) at the time of recovery of motor function. Linear methods, frequency domain and non-linear methods in the Chaos domain were used. Results:The approximate entropy in the clonidine group showed a elevation, which may suggest a protective effect on the cardiovascular system of the addition of clonidine in spinal anesthesia. Conclusion:The approximate entropy values ​​at the moment of recovery of motor function in patients receiving spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine and clonidine present a reduction when compared to the values ​​obtained at rest. This data suggests that motor and autonomic block recovery occurs at different times when clonidine is used in spinal anesthesia. This data brings a question about the safety of the discharge criteria of the post anesthetic recovery room using only the return of the motor function after spinal anesthesia.
Knowledge of HIV post exposure prophylaxis among public healthcare providers in Ilala District, Dar es Salaam
Authors: Kinigwa Victor , Kilonzi Manase , Mikomangwa Wigilya P. , Bwire George M. , Mlyuka Hamu J. , Marealle Alphonce I. , Mutagonda Ritah F. , Minzi Omary
Published: September 2019

Background Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) using highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) significantly reduces the risk of HIV infection to the victims. Evidence based practice has brought dynamicity in HAART regimens necessitating continual updates on knowledge of health care providers (HCPs) regarding PEP. Therefore, this study aimed to assess contemporary knowledge of HCPs on PEP three years after the introduction of Tenofovir based HAART regimens as a default for PEP in Tanzania.Methods A health care facilities based cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2018 in Ilala municipal Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A consecutive sampling method was deployed and 233 HCPs were enrolled. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire with closed-ended questions. The level of knowledge was graded using Bloom’s cut off point. Chi-square and multinomial logistic regression tests were used to check for association at significance level of p<0.05.Results A total of 13 health facilities were visited and 233 HCPs were interviewed among them 30.9%, 5.6%, 58.4%, and 5.2% were medical doctors, pharmaceutical personnel, nurses and laboratory technician respectively. The majority 72.1% (168) of the participants were female and the majority 47.2% (110) of the HCPs were aged ≥55 years. Diploma (43.8% (102)) education level constituted the largest proportion of the participants and the majority 50.2% (117) were nurses. About 70% of the respondents had low to moderate knowledge. The majority 87.6%(204) of the study participants were knowledgeable on dosage duration for PEP. However, only 41.2% (96) knew the recommended ARV regimen for PEP in Tanzania and 48.9% (114) knew how soon PEP should be initiated to prevent HIV acquisition. Certificate holders were more likely to have low knowledge on PEP compared to diploma and degree holders aOR (95% CI) 14(3.9 – 50.8), p=<0.01. The main source of PEP information to study participants was HIV treatment guideline (29%) followed by seminars (22%).Conclusion The majority of the assessed HCPs had low to moderate knowledge on PEP. The level of knowledge on PEP among HCPs increased with the level of education whereby those with a degree are more knowledgeable.
Use of an Oxygen Planar Optode to Assess the Effect of High Velocity Microsprays on Oxygen Penetration in a Human Dental Biofilms In-Vitro
Authors: Khosravi Yalda , Kandukuri Raja Durga Prasad , Palmer Sara , Borisov Sergey M. , Starke Michelle , Ward Marilyn , Kumar Purnima , de Beer Dirk , Chennu Arjun , Stoodley Paul
Published: September 2019

Background

Dental plaque biofilms are the causative agents of caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. Both mechanical and chemical strategies are used in routine oral hygiene strategies to reduce plaque build-up. If allowed to mature biofilms can create anoxic microenvironments leading to communities which harbor pathogenic Gram-negative anaerobes. When subjected to high velocity fluid jets and sprays biofilms can be fluidized which disrupts the biofilm structure and allows the more efficient delivery of antimicrobial agents.

Methods

To investigate how such jets may disrupt anoxic niches in the biofilm, we used planar optodes to measure the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration at the base of in-vitro biofilms grown from human dental saliva and plaque. These biofilms were subject to “shooting” treatments with a commercial high velocity microspray (HVM) device.

Results

HVM treatment resulted in removal of much of the biofilm and a concurrent rapid shift from anoxic to oxic conditions at the base of the surrounding biofilm. We also assessed the impact of HVM treatment on the microbial community by tracking 7 target species by qRT-PCR. There was a general reduction in copy numbers of the universal 16S RNA by approximately 95%, and changes of individual species in the target region ranged from approximately 1 to 4 log reductions.

Conclusion

We concluded that high velocity microsprays removed a sufficient amount of biofilm to disrupt the anoxic region at the biofilm-surface interface.
A Post-market, Multi-vessel Evaluation of the Imaging of Peripheral Arteries for Diagnostic Purposes Comparing Optical Coherence Tomography and Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging (SCAN)
Authors: Pavillard Edward , Sewell Luke
Published: September 2019

Background: Intravascular imaging plays an important part in diagnosis of vascular conditions and providing insight for treatment strategy. Two main imaging modalities are intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The objective of this study was to prove non-inferiority of OCT imaging to IVUS images in matched segments of peripheral vessels in patients with suspected peripheral vascular disease.Methods: The SCAN study was a prospective, non-inferiority clinical study of matched IVUS and OCT images collected along defined segments of peripheral vessels from twelve subjects (mean age 68 10.3 years; 10 men) displaying symptoms of vascular disease. Luminal diameters were measured by both imaging systems at the distal, middle, and proximal points of the defined segments. Three blinded interventional radiologists evaluated the quality of both imaging modalities in identifying lMann-Whitney-Wilcoxon testing. Intrareader reproducibility was calculated by intraclass correlation (ICC) analysis.
Results: The mean scoringof plaque, calcification, and vascular stent struts by the three readers was significant better in terms of image quality for OCT than IVUS (p<0.001, p=0.001, p=0.004, respectively). The mean scores of vessel wall component visibility and artifacts generated by the two imaging systems were not significantly different (p=0.19, p=0.07, respectively). Mean vessel luminal diameter and area at three specific locations within the vessels were not significantly different between the two imaging modalities. No patient injury, adverse effect or device malfunction were noted during thestudy.
Conclusions: Imaging byOCT provides the physician with better visualization of some vessel and plaque chacteristics, but both IVUS and OCT imaging are safe and effective methods of examining peripheral vessels in order to perform diagnostic assessment of peripheral vessels and provide information necessary for the treatment strategy of peripheral artery disease.
A cross-sectional survey on influencing factors of contracted services of Chinese family doctors : A quantitative and qualitative study
Authors: Wang Huanyan , Shi Lei , Han Xuanye , Zhang Jinchan , Fan Lihua
Published: September 2019

Background: The family doctor system has gained rapid ground worldwide. In recent years, China has been actively exploring family doctor-type contracted services. The purpose of this study was to explore the influencing factors of Contracted Family Doctors Services (CFDS) from the perspectives of community health service providers, administrators and medical staff, and it provides a strong basis for the development and promotion of CFDS. Methods: A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was adopted in this study. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among community health service providers and administrators in 12 community health service centers across four provinces (Zhejiang, Anhui, Beijing, and Shanghai) of China. A total of 389 people took the survey. Ultimately, 320 questionnaires were valid. The effective response rate was 82.3%. A total of 36 consumers were interviewed through in-depth interviews. The total effective rate 100.0%. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and expert consultation were used to analyze the influencing factors of CFDS. Results: The factors influencing CFDS from the perspectives of medical staff were divided into four dimensions, with the following weighting coefficients: national government (31.87%), community health service agency factors (24.73%), consumers-related factors (22.58%), and contracted doctor-related factors (20.82%). The factors influencing CFDS from the perspectives of patients/consumers were national policy factors, contracted team factor, and consumers-related factors. Conclusions: National governments, community health agencies, community health workers, and consumers play an important role in the advancement of CFDS. Therefore, the development of CFDS needs to consider the rights and interests of all stakeholders involved.
Preferences of UNIPIN Mobile Application Using Conjoint Analysis (Case Study: Pt. Dua Puluh Empat Jam Online)
Authors: Marliana Marliana Marliana , Natalia Natalia Natalia
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the customers preferences in developing UNIPIN’s mobile application that can help PT. Dua Puluh Empat Jam Online increases their sales of mobile games vouchers. Data collection methods using questionnaires and interviews on 100 gamers of UNIPIN. The research method used in this study is conjoint analysis which was preceded by Cochran Q-test to test the validity of application attributes and conjoint analysis to know the utility value of each attribute that became the main preference of gamers. The attributes tested include the attributes contained in the 7C Framework such as context, content, community, customization, communication, connection, and commerce. The results of this study are application attributes that can be applied by UNIPIN to increase their sale of mobile game vouchers which are context, content, communication, and commerce attributes. The results of this study are attributes that meet the need to develop UNIPIN’s mobile application in order to increase sales in the mobile gaming market are the integrated level of the contex attribute, the product-dominant level of the content attribute, the one-to-one non responding user level of the communication attribute, and high level of commerce.
INTERCULTURALIDADE EM “THAT DEAF GUY”: USO DE TIRAS PARA PROBLEMATIZAÇÃO DE ESTEREÓTIPOS E PRECONCEITOS CONTRA SUJEITOS SURDOS E SUA LÍNGUA DE SINAIS
Authors: Peregrino Giselly Dos Santos , Da Silva Alessandra Gomes
Published: September 2019

As tiras em quadrinhos “That Deaf Guy”, de Matt Daigle e Kay Daigle, operam com a interculturalidade para problematizar estereótipos e preconceitos contra pessoas surdas e sua língua de sinais, a partir do viés do próprio sujeito da experiência e do humor como estratégia para desconstrução de ideias pré-estabelecidas e não ressignificadas. Defende-se, pois, a importância do uso desses textos na escolarização de alunos surdos e não surdos para que possam ter contato com outras formas de representação da surdez, para além da esfera da deficiência, encaminhando para o reconhecimento das diferentes formas de vivenciar a condição surda.
A FORMAÇÃO INTERDISCIPLINAR DE LICENCIANDOS EM CIÊNCIAS DA NATUREZA E O APRENDIZADO DAS CIÊNCIAS DO CÉU
Authors: Soares Lemos Shaw Gisele , Da Rocha João Batista Teixeira
Published: September 2019

A interdisciplinaridade tem sido incentivada no ensino de ciências, mas sua operacionalidade precisa ser melhor investigada. Estudos têm sido desenvolvidos para compreender a formação interdisciplinar no ensino superior, já que essa formação pode ser base para que professores, ou futuros professores, desenvolvam práticas interdisciplinares na escola. Com base nos estudos de Spelt et al. (2009), acerca da constituição do pensamento interdisciplinar em estudantes de ensino superior, foi investigado o processo de formação interdisciplinar de três licenciandos em Ciências da Natureza durante uma oficina de Astronomia desenvolvida com estudantes do Ensino Fundamental. Por meio da análise textual discursiva de dados provindos de questionário, formulário de planejamento da oficina, projeto da oficina, planos de aula, anotações sobre a apresentação verbal da experiência, relato da experiência em formato de artigo, formulário autoavaliativo e entrevista foram analisados conhecimentos e habilidades interdisciplinares desenvolvidos por esses licenciandos. Foi observada a aquisição de alguns conhecimentos e habilidades pelos participantes, mas a ausência de outros indicou que o pensamento interdisciplinar ainda não havia sido adquirido na experiência, mas estava em processo de formação.

Palavras-chave: Ensino Superior; Formação Interdisciplinar; Interdisciplinaridade
A MATEMÁTICA COM OS FRACTAIS
Authors: Frinhani Paulo Eduardo , Oliveira Hellen Cristine P. de , Brito Íris Felix de , Borges Lidiane Hott de Fúcio
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo tem como finalidade socializar aos leitores as possibilidades de observar que os fractais constituem um campo de investigação gigantesco na matemática atual e que apresentam propriedades fascinantes capazes de serem compreendidas por meio de sua beleza, aspectos, características e semelhanças. A identificação de métodos de ensino da geometria por meio dos fractais e de suas estruturas geométricas é relevante uma vez que a geometria fractal é um ramo da matemática que não é vista nas salas de aula, com base nisso, destaca-se a importância desse conhecimento ser divulgado para alunos e professores.
O SABER GLOBALIZADO NA EDUCAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Altino Filho Humberto Vinício , Alves Lidia Maria Nazaré
Published: September 2019

Este artigo pretende discutir e mostrar a necessidade de renovação na educação, acompanhando o desenvolvimento do mundo globalizado, com foco no ensino e na aprendizagem da matemática que, na maioria das vezes, encontra-se à margem desse âmbito. Através de estudos recentes, evidencia-se a demanda pelo ensino interdisciplinar e contextualizado na educação como um todo e, especificamente, no ensino da matemática. Lançando mão dos documentos fornecidos pela Secretaria Nacional de Educação, os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais do Ensino Fundamental e Médio, encontram-se diversos meios e sugestões para aplicação das novas metodologias de ensino, uma vez que o conhecimento não pode mais ser dividido, compartimentado; mas devem buscar sempre a integração e o desenvolvimento das capacidades de assimilação dos conteúdos e a associação com outras disciplinas e o quotidiano.
Digital Techniques for Cultural Heritage and Artifacts Recording
Authors: Abdelhamid Tarek Galal
Published: September 2019

This paper will examine the current techniques available for recording of heritage sites and archaeological artifacts, that is: cultural heritage. Techniques include: digital freehand sketching, digital measurement, photographic techniques for generation of panoramas, 3D models and interactive tours, generation of 2D and 3D models to create interactive virtual tours, VR techniques and other trends. The paper will review the available hardware and software, the different workflows, processes, software, types of tools available for those interested in recording digital heritage. Future and expected trends will also be discussed.
Urban regeneration of "SoorMagra AL Oyoon" district
Authors: Refaat Darin , Zaki Mohamed , ElMeligy Aya , Gaber Rasha , ElSayed Gehan , Abdel Hamid Ayman
Published: September 2019

Egypt is considered one of the most historically rich countries around the world, not only for its famous ancient Egyptian monuments but also for its rich Coptic and Islamic heritage sites. Among which is the medieval Mamluk aqueduct of Sultan AL-Nasser Mohammadknown as " SoorMagra AL". However, despite its ionic location and great historic value, SoorMagra ALdistrict has been severely neglected and affected by the great population growth and urban sprawl leaving it urbanely deteriorated, poorly designed, and aching with slums, pollution, and destructive land uses.The research aims to propose a revitalization and urban development strategy forALdistrict through a number of urban interventions including the removal of slums and inappropriate land uses, reallocating suitable land uses, redesigning streets, pedestrian and bike lanes, green areas, and public spaces that respect the context and urban fabric of such a valuable heritage site.The proposed project is mainly a commercial promenade combining urban, social, economic, and touristic activities. The research follows an analytical methodology through which the basic urban design theories and standards of infill projects in heritage sites would be reviewed, as well as undergoing a comparative analysis of successful commercialinfill projects in different heritage sites around the world. Moreover, the research would offer an urban assessment of the current urban state of SoorMagra ALthrough cooperating with various governmental entities for acquiring statistical data, maps, and information, as well as a series of fstudies to cover all design criteria. The proposed project aims to integrate a number of different functions including commercial, touristic, and community services through a comprehensive urban design project that acts as a catalyst regenerating project not only in the urban aspect but also socially and economically.
The Conservation of China’s Historical Sites under Rapid Urbanization in the Case of Xixing District
Authors: Chou Lula
Published: September 2019

During the rapid growth of the nation in the last half-century, China has experienced extreme urbanization and class polarization. As a result, historical districts and cultural centers are rapidly vanishing. To survey the question of how to conserve historical monuments in the midst of cities’ fast development that can protect the community, preserve significant memories, and promote the authenticity for future generations. This paper will examine a specific case study in Hangzhou's historical district in China that advances through historical research, field study, residential interviews, suggestions in governmental policy, and revitalization proposals. Through a one-week intensified investigation in the neighborhood under the collaboration of Zhejiang University, University of Tokyo, and University，I was honored to participate in this international academic event, “Learning from Place.” Through a series of surveying and mapping, drawing and modeling, planning and designing, and under the guidance of professors and team collaboration, we students involved in a discussion of the current city issues and organized primary solutions to the problems. The conclusion we have come to an agreement is that it is possible to achieve a compatible environment that incorporates modern facilities into historical conditions, in which harmonizes urban development and cultural conservation, and balance economic advancement and social benefit.
Combination Therapies of Artemisinin and its Derivatives as a Viable Approach for Future Cancer Treatment
Authors: Kumar Maushmi S. , Yadav Tanuja T. , Khair Rohan R. , Peters Godefridus J. , Yergeri Mayur C.
Published: September 2019

Background:

Many anticancer drugs have been developed for clinical usage till now, but the major problem is the development of drug-resistance over a period of time in the treatment of cancer. Anticancer drugs produce huge adverse effects, ultimately leading to death of the patient. Researchers have been focusing on the development of novel molecules with higher efficacy and lower toxicity; the anti-malarial drug artemisinin and its derivatives have exhibited cytotoxic effects.

Methods:

We have done extensive literature search for artemisinin for its new role as anti-cancer agent for future treatment. Last two decades papers were referred for deep understanding to strengthen its role.

Results:

Literature shows changes at 9, 10 position in the artemisinin structure produces anticancer activity. Artemisinin shows anticancer activity in leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal and breast cancer cell lines. Artemisinin and its derivatives have been studied as combination therapy with several synthetic compounds, RNA interfaces, recombinant proteins and antibodies etc., for synergizing the effect of these drugs. They produce an anticancer effect by causing cell cycle arrest, regulating signaling in apoptosis, angiogenesis and cytotoxicity activity on the steroid receptors. Many novel formulations of artemisinin are being developed in the form of carbon nanotubes, polymer-coated drug particles, etc., for delivering artemisinin, since it has poor water/ oil solubility and is chemically unstable.

Conclusion:

We have summarize the combination therapies of artemisinin and its derivatives with other anticancer drugs and also focussed on recent developments of different drug delivery systems in the last 10 years. Various reports and clinical trials of artemisinin type drugs indicated selective cytotoxicity along with minimal toxicity thus projecting them as promising anti-cancer agents in future cancer therapies.