bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bias‐Selectable Si Nanowires/PbS Nanocrystalline Film n–n Heterojunction for NIR/SWIR Dual‐Band Photodetection
Authors: Xu Chen‐hao , Luo Sheng‐Hui , Wang Yang , Shi Xiao‐Feng , Fu Can , Wang Jiang , Wu Chun‐Yan , Luo Lin‐Bao
Published: May 2023

In this study, a solution method derived dual‐band photodetector (PD) based on silicon nanowires /PbS nanocrystalline film n–n heterojunction, which exhibits typical bias‐selectable spectral response in both near‐infrared (NIR) and short‐wave infrared (SWIR) bands, is presented. It is found that by adjusting the polarity of the bias voltage, the photoresponse of the device can be switched between three operation modes. The device exhibits high responsivities of 2100 mA W−1 at −0.15 V and 31 mA W−1 at 0 V, respectively, in the NIR region. Remarkably, the maximum responsivity and detectivity under 2000 nm illumination are determined as 290 mA W−1 and 2.4 × 1010 Jones, comparable to or even better than some PbS commercial PDs. The enhanced performance comes from the improved optical absorption and higher efficiency of charge separation and collection owing to the heterojunction geometry. It's also revealed that the bias‐controllable spectral response is attributed to the selectively transportation of photocarriers across the junction barrier. The study demonstrates the capability of detecting two distinct IR regions with the same pixel, which has great potential in future optoelectronic systems for IR imaging applications.
Adhesive Wearable Sensors for Electroencephalography from Hairy Scalp
Authors: Zhang Anan , Shyam Abhijith Balamuraleekrishna , Cunningham Alexandra McCalla , Williams Christopher , Brissenden Amanda , Bartley Alex , Amsden Brian , Docoslis Aristides , Kontopoulou Marianna , Ameri Shideh Kabiri
Published: May 2023

Electroencephalography has garnered interest for applications in mobile healthcare, human–machine interfaces, and Internet of Things. Conventional electroencephalography relies on wet and dry electrodes. Despite favorable interface impedance of wet electrodes and skin, the application of a large amount of gel at their interface with skin limits the electroencephalography spatial resolution, increases the risk of shorting between electrodes, and makes them unsuited for long‐term mobile recording. In contrast, dry electrodes are better suited for long‐term recordings but susceptible to motion artifacts. In addition, both wet and dry electrodes are non‐adhesive to the hairy scalp and mechanical support, or chemical adhesives are used to hold them in place. Herein, a conical microstructure array (CMSA) based sensor made of carbon nanotube‐polydimethylsiloxane composite is reported. The CMSA sensor is fabricated using the innovative, cost‐effective, and scalable method of viscosity‐controlled dip‐pull process. The sensor adheres to the hairy scalp by generating negative pressure in its conical microstructures when it is pressed against scalp. Aided by the application of a trace amount of gel, CMSA sensor establishes good electrical contact with the skin, enabling its applications in mobile electroencephalography over extended periods. Notably, the signal quality of CMSA sensors is comparable to that of medical‐grade wet gel electrodes.
Zwitterionic Inhaler with Synergistic Therapeutics for Reprogramming of M2 Macrophage to Pro‐Inflammatory Phenotype
Authors: Jung Sungwon , Heo Sungeun , Oh Yoogyeong , Park Kyungtae , Park Sohyeon , Choi Woojin , Kim Yang‐Hee , Jung Se Yong , Hong Jinkee
Published: May 2023

Myriad lung diseases are life threatening and macrophages play a key role in both physiological and pathological processes. Macrophages have each pro‐/anti‐inflammatory phenotype, and each lung disease can be aggravated by over‐polarized macrophage. Therefore, development of a method capable of mediating the macrophage phenotype is one of the solutions for lung disease treatment. For mediating the phenotype of macrophages, the pulmonary delivery system (PDS) is widely used due to its advantages, such as high efficiency and accessibility of the lungs. However, it has a low drug delivery efficiency ironically because of the perfect lung defense system consisting of the mucus layer and airway macrophages. In this study, zwitterion‐functionalized poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) inhalable microparticles (ZwPG) are synthesized to increase the efficiency of the PDS. The thin layer of zwitterions formed on PLGA surface has high nebulizing stability and show high anti‐mucus adhesion and evasion of macrophages. As a reprogramming agent for macrophages, ZwPG containing dexamethasone (Dex) and pirfenidone (Pir) are treated to over‐polarized M2 macrophages. As a result, a synergistic effect of Dex/Pir induces reprogramming of M2 macrophage to pro‐inflammatory phenotypes.
High Targeting Specificity toward Pulmonary Inflammation Using Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Hybrid Nanovehicle for an Efficient Inflammation Intervention
Authors: Su Yuanqin , Huang Ting , Sun Hao , Lin Ruyi , Zheng Xixi , Bian Qiong , Zhang Jinsong , Chen Shihan , Wu Honghui , Xu Donghang , Zhang Tianyuan , Gao Jianqing
Published: May 2023

Pulmonary inflammation is one of the most reported tissue inflammations in clinic. Successful suppression of inflammation is vital to prevent further inevitably fatal lung degeneration. Glucocorticoid hormone, such as methylprednisolone (MP), is the most applied strategy to control the inflammatory progression yet faces the challenge of systemic side effects caused by the requirement of large‐dosage and frequent administration. Highly efficient delivery of MP specifically targeted to inflammatory lung sites may overcome this challenge. Therefore, the present study develops an inflammation‐targeted biomimetic nanovehicle, which hybridizes the cell membrane of mesenchymal stem cell with liposome, named as MSCsome. This hybrid nanovehicle shows the ability of high targeting specificity toward inflamed lung cells, due to both the good lung endothelium penetration and the high uptake by inflamed lung cells. Consequently, a single‐dose administration of this MP‐loaded hybrid nanovehicle achieves a prominent treatment of lipopolysaccharide‐induced lung inflammation, and negligible treatment‐induced side effects are observed. The present study provides a powerful inflammation‐targeted nanovehicle using biomimetic strategy to solve the current challenges of targeted inflammation intervention.
Coordination‐Driven Self‐Assembly of Biomedicine to Enhance Photodynamic Therapy by Inhibiting Proteasome and Bcl‐2
Authors: Wang Rui‐Xin , Zheng Rong‐Rong , Cai Hua , Yang Ni , Chen Zu‐Xiao , Zhao Lin‐Ping , Huang Yue‐Kang , Li Peng‐Fei , Cheng Hong , Chen A‐Li , Li Shi‐Ying , Xu Lin
Published: May 2023

Tumor cells resist oxidative damage and apoptosis by activating defense mechanisms. Herein, a self‐delivery biomedicine (designated as BSC) is developed by the self‐assembly of Bortezomib (BTZ), Sabutoclax (Sab) and Chlorin e6 (Ce6). Interestingly, BTZ can be coordinated with Sab to promote the assembly of uniform ternary biomedicine through non‐covalent intermolecular interactions. Moreover, BTZ as a proteasome inhibitor can prevent tumor cells from scavenging damaged proteins to reduce their oxidative resistance. Sab can downregulate B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) to decrease the antiapoptotic protein. Both the proteasome and Bcl‐2 inhibitions contribute to increasing cell apoptosis and amplifying photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy of Ce6. Encouragingly, carrier‐free BSC receives all biological activities of these assembly elements, including photodynamic performance as well as inhibitory capabilities of proteasome and Bcl‐2. Besides, BSC has a preferable cellular uptake ability and tumor retention property, which increase the drug delivery efficiency and bioavailability. In vitro and in vivo research demonstrate the superior PDT efficiency of BSC by proteasome and Bcl‐2 inhibitions. Of special note, the coordination‐driven self‐assembly of BSC is pH‐responsive, which can be disassembled for controlled drug release upon tumor acidic microenvironment. This study will expand the applicability of self‐delivery nanomedicine with sophisticated mechanisms for tumor treatment.
Microporogen‐Structured Collagen Matrices for Embedded Bioprinting of Tumor Models for Immuno‐Oncology
Authors: Reynolds Daniel S. , de Lázaro Irene , Blache Manon L. , Liu Yutong , Jeffreys Nicholas C. , Doolittle Ramsey M. , Grandidier Estée , Olszewski Jason , Dacus Mason T. , Mooney David J. , Lewis Jennifer A.
Published: May 2023

Embedded bioprinting enables the rapid design and fabrication of complex tissues that recapitulate in vivo microenvironments. However, few biological matrices enable good print fidelity, while simultaneously facilitate cell viability, proliferation, and migration. Here, a new microporogen‐structured (µPOROS) matrix for embedded bioprinting is introduced, in which matrix rheology, printing behavior, and porosity are tailored by adding sacrificial microparticles composed of a gelatin–chitosan complex to a prepolymer collagen solution. To demonstrate its utility, a 3D tumor model is created via embedded printing of a murine melanoma cell ink within the µPOROS collagen matrix at 4 °C. The collagen matrix is subsequently crosslinked around the microparticles upon warming to 21 °C, followed by their melting and removal at 37 °C. This process results in a µPOROS matrix with a fibrillar collagen type‐I network akin to that observed in vivo. Printed tumor cells remain viable and proliferate, while antigen‐specific cytotoxic T cells incorporated in the matrix migrate to the tumor site, where they induce cell death. The integration of the µPOROS matrix with embedded bioprinting opens new avenues for creating complex tissue microenvironments in vitro that may find widespread use in drug discovery, disease modeling, and tissue engineering for therapeutic use.
Tuning the Organ Tropism of Polymersome for Spleen‐Selective Nanovaccine Delivery to Boost Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Gu Wenxing , An Jingnan , Li Yaxi , Yang Yajie , Wang Shumin , Shan Hui , Li Shenhua , Li Hui , Liu Guoyong , Li Kai , Yin Yuxin , Mu Jing , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: May 2023

The past few decades have witnessed explosive development in drug delivery systems. However, in vivo delivery suffers from non‐specific distribution in non‐targeted organs or tissues, which may cause undesired side effects and even genotoxicity. Here, a general strategy that enables tuning the tropism of polymersomes for liver‐ and spleen‐selective delivery is reported. By using a library screening approach, spleen‐targeted polymersome PH9‐Aln‐8020 and liver‐targeted polymersome PA9‐ZP3‐5050 are identified accordingly. Meanwhile, the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) fluorescence imaging allows for in vivo dynamic evaluation of their spatial and temporal accumulation in specific tissues. O ur findings indicate that both polymer composition and protein corona on the surface are essential to determine the in vivo fate of polymersomes and tendency for specific organs. Importantly, PH9‐Aln‐8020 is employed as a systemic nanocarrier to co‐deliver the antigen and adjuvant, which remarkably boost splenic immune responses in acute myeloid leukemia, melanoma, and melanoma lung metastasis mouse models. This study may open a new frontier for polymersomes in organ‐selective delivery and other biomedical applications.
Sensitive and Broadband Wavelength Sensor Based on Two Graphene/Si/Graphene Heterojunctions
Authors: Xing Yue , Yang Jiang‐Xu , Zou Guang‐Yong , Fu Can , Pan Yan , Xiao Yu‐Tian , Wang Jiang , Wang Yan , Luo Lin‐Bao
Published: May 2023

High‐precision spectral detection and broadband wavelength sensors have attracted considerable interest for important application in color image sensing. Due to the absorption limitations of silicon, conventional complementary metal–oxide–semiconductors have a relatively limited wavelength region from the ultraviolet to near‐infrared spectrum. Here, a simple‐structured device is developed by assembling two back‐to‐back monolayer graphene (MLG)/Si/MLG heterojunctions for high‐resolution wavelength sensing applications. The single MLG/Si/MLG photodetector exhibits a responsivity of 0.18 A W−1, a specific detectivity of 1.36 × 109 Jones, and an external quantum efficiency of 28.5%. Thanks to the unique device geometry, the distribution of photo‐generation rates in the two photodetectors is completely different, which brings about different photoelectric properties. It is found that the relationship between the photocurrent ratio of both photodetectors and the light wavelength can be fitted by a monotonic function, according to which the wavelength of incident light in the range from 260 to 1050 nm can be accurately estimated. A high resolution of 1 nm is demonstrated across a broadband wavelength from 260 to 1000 nm. This good resolution, along with good repeatability and stability, endow the present device with potential promise in future spectral sensing applications.
Optical Manipulation of Nanoparticles: A Selective Excitation Approach Using Highly Focused Orbital Angular Momentum Beams
Authors: Sadafi Mohammad Mojtaba , Taghavi Mohammadrasoul , da Mota Achiles F. , Mosallaei Hossein
Published: May 2023

Orbital angular momentum and polarization states of highly focused vector vortex beams can be engineered to selectively excite the desired multipoles in nanoparticles, making them ideal candidates for complex optical applications. A platform based on the generalized Lorenz–Mie theory integrated with the complex source point method is developed to model the interaction of such beams with particles analytically. The existing platform is extended for obtaining the full‐vector electromagnetic fields, outlining the observed effects that adding a substrate brings to the problem space. Despite the cross‐coupling between different multipoles induced by the substrate, it is concluded that the proper choice of beam parameters enables the selective excitation of multipoles even in the critical case of a plasmonic substrate. The proposed formalism is general and allows a multipole study of the optical forces. Selective excitation is exploited to control the imparted optical forces on particles placed on a plasmonic substrate. 3D trapping regions are achievable for highly absorptive and high‐refractive‐index particles. Motion trajectory analyses are performed to demonstrate the trapping stability, concluding that highly focused optical beams, owing to the exceptional selective excitation ability, are suitable candidates for novel optical manipulation applications.
Metal‐Insulator‐Metal Waveguide Plasmonic Sensor System for Refractive Index Sensing Applications
Authors: Butt Muhammad Ali , Kazanskiy Nikolay Lvovich , Khonina Svetlana Nikolaevna
Published: May 2023

Plasmonic sensors are well known for their miniaturized size and high sensitivity. Herein, a numerical analysis of a metal‐insulator‐metal (MIM) waveguide (WG) for refractive index (RI) sensing applications is proposed. The sensing device is composed of a MIM bus WG with a semicircular formation side coupled to a semicircular cavity. This configuration provides a transmission dip with a high extinction ratio as compared to the standard MIM WG side‐coupled to a semicircular cavity. Moreover, the mode converters are also embedded in the sensing system solving the obstacle of light coupling to the MIM plasmonic WG. The sensitivity of the proposed device is ≈941.33 nm RIU−1, making it a promising candidate to be employed in point‐of‐care (POC) testing. This typically involves the use of portable or handheld diagnostic devices that can quickly analyze samples of blood, urine, or other bodily fluids to diagnose diseases or conditions such as infections, diabetes, or heart disease.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens for Gas Sensors
Authors: Yu Yongbo , Zhang Si‐Wei , Jiang Jinhui , Ma Fulong , Wang Richard , Huang Tonghui , Zhao Jianwei , He Chao , Wei Guodan
Published: May 2023

Luminescent chromophores armed with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics can switch their fluorescence sensing by manipulating the aggregation and disaggregation states, leading to high sensitivity and high signal‐to‐noise ratio sensors. Accordingly, aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have been widely applied to various biosensing, one of which is the gas sensors. Due to the weak signal, easy diffusion, difficult capture, and instability of gas molecules, electrochemical or infrared tests are generally used for detection. However, electrochemical tests have high power consumption, and the environment easily disturbs infrared tests. Fortunately, photochemical sensors utilizing AIE properties can effectively overcome these deficiencies. AIEgens usually exhibit large Stokes shift, good photostability, and low random blinking, suggesting excellent sensing reproducibility and many achievements have been obtained in AIEgens‐based gas sensors. This review summarizes the gas detection mechanism of AIEgens, and enumerate the reported gas sensors based on AIEgens. Then a perspective on the field and challenges facing it are elaborated so that researchers can better understand the development status of this field and develop more AIE‐type spectroscopic probes with gas‐responsive functions. It is expected to greatly enrich the types of gas sensors and promote the development of the application of AIE properties.
Closed‐Loop Control of Front Speed During Frontal Polymerization of Dicyclopentadiene—A Numerical Study
Authors: Schaer Grayson , Bretl Timothy
Published: May 2023

The application of closed‐loop control to enforce a target front speed during frontal polymerization (FP) of dicyclopentadiene under various initial and boundary conditions is demonstrated. Uncontrolled propagation of FP reactions can result in frontal quenching due to heat loss, unstable front propagation, material overheating, spontaneous pattern formation, and heterogenous cured material properties. These disadvantageous properties of FP limit its use to cases with highly controlled initial and boundary conditions. It is shown with results in simulation that these problems can be mitigated in three ways through the application of closed‐loop control. First, it is shown that a target front speed can be enforced by locally controlling the temperature field during FP via an external heat source. Second, it is shown that this method prevents unstable front propagation and quenching despite adverse initial and boundary conditions. Third, it is shown that this method minimizes cure time and energy consumption compared to bulk heating.
CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing for Tissue‐Specific In Vivo Targeting: Nanomaterials and Translational Perspective
Authors: Sahel Deepak Kumar , Vora Lalitkumar K. , Saraswat Aishwarya , Sharma Saurabh , Monpara Jasmin , D'Souza Anisha A. , Mishra Deepakkumar , Tryphena Kamatham Pushpa , Kawakita Satoru , Khan Shahid , Azhar Mohd , Khatri Dharmendra Kumar , Patel Ketan , Singh Thakur Raghu Raj
Published: May 2023

Clustered randomly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and its associated endonuclease protein, i.e., Cas9, have been discovered as an immune system in bacteria and archaea; nevertheless, they are now being adopted as mainstream biotechnological/molecular scissors that can modulate ample genetic and nongenetic diseases via insertion/deletion, epigenome editing, messenger RNA editing, CRISPR interference, etc. Many Food and Drug Administration‐approved and ongoing clinical trials on CRISPR adopt ex vivo strategies, wherein the gene editing is performed ex vivo, followed by reimplantation to the patients. However, the in vivo delivery of the CRISPR components is still under preclinical surveillance. This review has summarized the nonviral nanodelivery strategies for gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 and its recent advancements, strategic points of view, challenges, and future aspects for tissue‐specific in vivo delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 components using nanomaterials.
A Nanovaccine Based on Adjuvant Peptide FK‐13 and l‐Phenylalanine Poly(ester amide) Enhances CD8+ T Cell‐Mediated Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Xie Chunyuan , You Xinru , Zhang Hongxia , Li Jiahui , Wang Liying , Liu Yongxiang , Wang Zining , Yao Ruhui , Tong Tong , Li Mengyun , Wang Xiaojuan , Cui Lei , Zhang Huanling , Guo Hui , Li Chunwei , Wu Jun , Xia Xiaojun
Published: May 2023

Cancer vaccines have shown promise as effective means of antitumor immunotherapy by inducing tumor antigen‐specific T cell immunity. In this study, a novel peptide‐based tumor nanovaccine that boosts antigen presentation and elicits effective antitumor immunity is developed. The adjuvant characteristics of an antimicrobial peptide‐derived core peptide, FK‐13, are investigated and used it to generate a fusion peptide named FK‐33 with tumor antigen epitopes. l‐phenylalanine‐based poly(ester amide) (Phe‐PEA), 8p4, is also identified as a competent delivery vehicle for the fusion peptide FK‐33. Notably, the vaccination of 8p4 + FK‐33 nanoparticles (8FNs) in vivo induces dendritic cell activation in the lymph nodes and elicits robust tumor antigen‐specific CD8+ T cell response. The nanovaccine 8FNs demonstrate significant therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy against in situ tumor growth, effectively inhibit tumor metastasis, and significantly prolong the survival of tumor‐bearing mice. Moreover, 8FNs can incorporate different tumor antigens and exhibit a synergistic therapeutic effect with antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) therapy. In summary, 8FNs represent a promising platform for personalized cancer vaccines and may serve as a potential combinational modality to improve current immunotherapy.
Multi‐Functional Bio‐HJzyme: Revolutionizing Diabetic Skin Regeneration with its Glucose‐Unlocked Sterilization and Programmed Anti‐Inflammatory Effects
Authors: He Miaomiao , Wang Zuyao , Yang Hang , Wang Qiancun , Xiang Danni , Pang Xinyan , Chan Yau Kei , Sun Dan , Yin Guangfu , Yang Weizhong , Deng Yi
Published: May 2023

Antibacterial dynamic therapy (ADT) triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is promising for diabetic infectious disease treatment. However, the limited local O2/H2O2 production and post‐treatment inflammation remain long‐standing issues. To address these challenges, a novel H2‐evolving bio‐heterojunction enzyme (Bio‐HJzyme) consisting of graphite‐phase carbon nitride/copper sulfide (CN/Cu2−xS) heterojunction and glucose oxidase (GOx) is created. The Bio‐HJzyme offers glutathione peroxidase (GPx), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) mimetic activities; provides anti‐pathogen properties via programmed light activation; and effectively promotes diabetic wound healing. Specifically, its GPx‐mimetic activity and the presence of GOx significantly enhance the yield of H2O2, which can be catalyzed through POD‐mimetic activity to produce highly germicidal •OH. The H2O2 can also be catalyzed to H2O and O2, assisted by the CAT‐mimetic activity. The catalyzed products can then be catalyzed into germicidal •OH and •O2− under NIR light irradiation, giving enhanced ADT. Further, CN can split water to form H2 under solar light, which dramatically suppresses the inflammation caused by excessive ROS. In vivo evaluation confirms that Bio‐HJzyme promotes the regeneration of diabetic infectious skin through killing bacteria, enhancing angiogenesis, promoting wound bed epithelialization, and reinforcing anti‐inflammatory responses; hence, providing a revolutionary approach for diabetic wounds healing.
Additively Manufactured Dual‐Faced Structured Fabric for Shape‐Adaptive Protection
Authors: Tian Yuanyuan , Chen Kaijuan , Zheng Han , Kripalani Devesh R. , Zeng Zhuohong , Jarlöv Asker , Chen Jiayao , Bai Lichun , Ong Adrian , Du Hejun , Kang Guozheng , Fang Qihong , Zhao Lihua , Qi H. Jerry , Wang Yifan , Zhou Kun
Published: May 2023

Fabric‐based materials have demonstrated promise for high‐performance wearable applications but are currently restricted by their deficient mechanical properties. Here, this work leverages the design freedom offered by additive manufacturing and a novel interlocking pattern to for the first time fabricate a dual‐faced chain mail structure consisting of 3D re‐entrant unit cells. The flexible structured fabric demonstrates high specific energy absorption and specific strength of up to 1530 J kg−1 and 5900 Nm kg−1, respectively, together with an excellent recovery ratio of ≈80%, thereby overcoming the strength–recoverability trade‐off. The designed dual‐faced structured fabric compares favorably against a wide range of materials proposed for wearable applications, attributed to the synergetic strengthening of the energy‐absorbing re‐entrant unit cells and their unique topological interlocking. This work advocates the combined design of energy‐absorbing unit cells and their interlocking to extend the application prospects of fabric‐based materials to shape‐adaptive protection.
Tailoring the Interface with a Multifunctional Ligand for Highly Efficient and Stable FAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Li Fuqiang , Huang Xiaofeng , Ma Chaoqun , Xue Junpeng , Li Ying , Kim Danbi , Yang Hyun‐Seock , Zhang Yuanyuan , Lee Bo Ram , Kim Junghwan , Wu Binghui , Park Sung Heum
Published: May 2023

Perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) using FAPbI3 perovskite films often exhibit unfavorable phase transitions and defect‐induced nonradiative interfacial recombination, resulting in considerable energy loss and impairing the performance of PeSCs in terms of efficiency, stability, and hysteresis. In this work, a facile interface engineering strategy to control the surface structure and energy‐level alignment of perovskite films by tailoring the interface between the FAPbI3 film and hole‐transporting layer using 4‐hydroxypicolinic acid (4HPA) is reported. According to density functional theory studies, 4HPA has prominent electron delocalization distribution properties that enable it to anchor to the perovskite film surface and facilitate charge transfer at the interface. By enabling multiple bonding interactions with the perovskite layer, including hydrogen bonds, PbO, and PbN dative bonds, 4HPA passivation significantly reduces the trap density and efficiently suppresses nonradiative recombination. The obtained perovskite films exhibit superior optoelectronic properties with improved crystallinity, pure α‐phase FAPbI3, and favorable energy band bending. Following this strategy, 4HPA post‐treatment PeSCs achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 23.28% in 0.12 cm2 cells and 19.26% in 36 cm2 modules with excellent environmental and thermal stabilities.
In Situ Constructed 3D Lithium Anodes for Long‐Cycling All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Duan Hui , Wang Changhong , Yu Ruizhi , Li Weihan , Fu Jiamin , Yang Xiaofei , Lin Xiaoting , Zheng Matthew , Li Xiaona , Deng Sixu , Hao Xiaoge , Li Ruying , Wang Jiantao , Huang Huan , Sun Xueliang
Published: May 2023

Constructing a 3D lithium metal anode has been demonstrated to be the most effective strategy to address its dendrite issue in liquid batteries. However, this promising approach has proved challenging to inherit in all‐solid‐state Li metal batteries (ASSLMBs) because of the rigidity of inorganic solid electrolytes (SEs), which constrains interfacial solid–solid ionic contact. Herein, a 3D Li anode is in situ constructed for ASSLMBs by spontaneous chemical reactions between halide SEs and Li metal. The in situ formed Li–Al alloys and well‐maintained sulfide SEs inside the 3D structure serve as continuous electron and Li+ transport pathways and facilitate the homogenous distribution of charge carriers. The lithiophilic Li alloy can regulate Li deposition behavior and enable uniform Li nucleation and deposition. Both the Li||Li symmetric and full batteries exhibit good electrochemical performance at high current density. This work provides a universal strategy and new insight perspective to construct 3D Li for high‐performance ASSLMBs.
Incomplete partitioning of pollinators byLinum suffruticosumand its coflowering congeners
Authors: Pérez‐Barrales Rocío , Armbruster W. Scott
Published: May 2023

Premise

Linum suffruticosumshows variations in pollinator fit, pollen pickup, and local pollinators that predict pollen deposition rates. The species often coflowers with otherLinumspecies using the same pollinators. We investigated whetherL. suffruticosumtrait variation could be explained by local patterns of pollinator sharing and associated evolution to reduce interspecific pollen transfer.

Methods

Pollinator observations were made in different localities (single species, coflowering with other congeners). Floral traits were measured to detect differences across populations and from coflowering species. Reproductive costs were quantified using interspecific hand pollinations and measures of pollen‐tube formation, combined with observations of pollen arrival on stigmas and pollen‐tube formation after natural pollination in allopatric and sympatric localities.

Results

The size and identity of the most important pollinator ofL. suffruticosumand whether there was pollinator sharing with coflowering species appeared to explain floral trait variation related to pollinator fit. The morphological overlap of the flowers ofL. suffruticosumwith those of coflowering species varied, depending on coflowering species identity. A post‐pollination incompatibility system maintains reproductive isolation, but conspecific pollen‐tube formation was lower after heterospecific pollination. Under natural pollination at sites of coflowering with congeners, conspecific pollen‐tube formation was lower than at single‐species localities.

Conclusions

Trait variation inL. suffruticosumappears to respond to the most important local pollinator. Locally, incomplete pollinator partitioning might cause interspecific pollination, imposing reproductive costs. These reproductive costs may generate selection on floral traits for reduced morphological overlap with coflowering congeners, leading to the evolution of pollination ecotypes.
Introducing Trifluoromethoxyarenes as Halide Surrogates in Mechanochemical Realizations of Ni‐catalyzed Cross‐coupling Reactions
Authors: Mkrtchyan Satenik , Jakubczyk Michał , Budzák Šimon , Benická Barbora , Iaroshenko Viktor O.
Published: May 2023

Since the introduction of the TM‐catalyzed cross‐couplings their scope of starting materials has been growing systematically, allowing for more flexible design of synthetic routes with the coupling as a key step, particularly late‐stage modifications. Herein we present the use of trifluoromethoxyarenes as halide surrogates in Ni‐catalyzed couplings with arylboronic acids, potassium aryl trifluoroborates and aryl trialkoxysilanes, under mechanochemical conditions. In total, 22 biphenyl structures were obtained in good yields. Successful gram scale experiments confirm the usefulness of our protocol. The developed transformations’ mechanism was discussed in relation to the experimental and literature data and DFT calculations. The unusual reactivity of potassium benzoyltrifluoroborates was uncovered. 6 examples of resulting benzophenones were obtained in very good yields and the protocol was extended to gram scale. The described methods present a powerful tool when combined with the recent advances in organofluorine chemistry.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Imines Using NHC‐Phosphine Iridium Complexes
Authors: He Lei , Peters Bram B. C. , Quan Xu , Zhao Shaohu , Huang Tianrui , Ren Shuting , Andersson Pher G. , Zhou Taigang
Published: May 2023

α‐Chiral amines represent a frequently observed functional group in pharmaceuticals. Here, the synthesis of such motifs (up to 91% ee) is described by asymmetric hydrogenation of imines catalyzed by NHC,P‐iridium complexes. The hydrogenation proceeded smoothly, even under balloon pressure of hydrogen atmosphere. Mechanistic experiments indicated that the reduction most likely advances by a combination of direct hydrogenation and a hydrogen transfer process using either H2 or iPrOH as the reductant, respectively.
Darobactin B Stabilises a Lateral‐Closed Conformation of the BAM Complex in E. coli Cells
Authors: Haysom Samuel F. , Machin Jonathan , Whitehouse James M. , Horne Jim E. , Fenn Katherine , Ma Yue , El Mkami Hassane , Böhringer Nils , Schäberle Till F. , Ranson Neil A. , Radford Sheena E. , Pliotas Christos
Published: May 2023

The β‐barrel assembly machinery (BAM complex) is essential for outer membrane protein (OMP) folding in Gram‐negative bacteria, and represents a promising antimicrobial target. Several conformational states of BAM have been reported, but all have been obtained under conditions which lack the unique features and complexity of the outer membrane (OM). Here, we use Pulsed Electron‐Electron Double Resonance (PELDOR, or DEER) spectroscopy distance measurements to interrogate the conformational ensemble of the BAM complex in E. coli cells. We show that BAM adopts a broad ensemble of conformations in the OM, while in the presence of the antibiotic darobactin B (DAR‐B), BAM′s conformational equilibrium shifts to a restricted ensemble consistent with the lateral closed state. Our in‐cell PELDOR findings are supported by new cryoEM structures of BAM in the presence and absence of DAR‐B. This work demonstrates the utility of PELDOR to map conformational changes in BAM within its native cellular environment.
Synthesestrategien für die Funktionalisierung homogener Katalysatoren zur Verbesserung ihrer Abtrennbarkeit
Authors: Diekamp Justus , Seidensticker Thomas
Published: May 2023

Das Recycling von homogenen Katalysatoren unter Beibehaltung einphasiger Bedingungen ist eine ständige Herausforderung, der sich viele Reaktionen stellen müssen, wenn sie den Schritt in die industrielle Anwendung schaffen sollen. Zwar gibt es eine Fülle von verschiedenen synthetischen Ansätzen für bessere, wiederverwendbare homogene Katalysatoren, doch der Literatur fehlt bisher ein knapper Überblick über die verschiedenen Katalysatormodifikationen. Dieser Übersichtsbeitrag soll diese Lücke schließen, indem die bestehenden Synthesewege zu polaren, unpolaren, fluorhaltigen und molekulargewichtsvergrößerten Katalysatoren zusammengefasst und die jeweiligen Syntheserouten mit Schwerpunkt auf modularen und Late‐Stage‐Ansätzen untersucht werden. Darüber hinaus zeigen wir das Potenzial für eine allgemein anwendbare Bibliothek auf, die es ermöglicht, Katalysatoren durch einfache Modifikationen auf die jeweils gewünschte Recyclingstrategie abzustimmen.
Ion‐Selective Electrodes With Sensing Membranes Covalently Attached to Both the Inert Polymer Substrate and Conductive Carbon Contact
Authors: Choi Kwangrok R. , Troudt Blair K. , Bühlmann Philippe
Published: May 2023

The use of solid‐contact ion‐selective electrodes (ISEs) is of interest to many clinical, environmental, and industrial applications. However, upon extended exposure to samples and under thermal and mechanical stress, adhesion between these membranes and underlying substrates often weakens gradually. Eventually, this results in the formation of a water layer at the interface to the underlying electron conductor and in delamination of the membrane from the electrode body, both major limitations to long‐term monitoring. To prevent these problems without increasing the complexity of design with a mechanical attachment, we use photo‐induced graft polymerization to simultaneously attach ionophore‐doped crosslinked poly(decyl methacrylate) sensing membranes covalently both to a high surface area carbon as ion‐to‐electron transducer and to inert polymeric electrode body materials (i.e., polypropylene and poly(ethylene‐co‐tetrafluoroethylene)). The sensors provide high reproducibility (standard deviation of E0 of 0.2 mV), long‐term stability (potential drift 7 μV h−1 over 260 h), and resistance to sterilization in an autoclave (121 °C, 2.0 atm for 30 min). For this work, a covalently attached H+ selective ionophore was used to prepare pH sensors with advantages over conventional pH glass electrodes, but similar use of other ionophores makes this approach suitable to the fabrication of ISEs for a variety of analytes.
Nanostructure‐Driven Indocyanine Green Dimerization Generates Ultra‐Stable Phototheranostics Nanoparticles
Authors: Kwon Nahyun , Jasinevicius Gabriel O. , Kassab Giulia , Ding Lili , Bu Jiachuan , Martinelli Letícia P. , Ferreira Vinicius G. , Dhaliwal Alexander , Chan Harley H. L. , Mo Yulin , Bagnato Vanderlei S. , Kurachi Cristina , Chen Juan , Zheng Gang , Buzzá Hilde H.
Published: May 2023

Indocyanine green (ICG) is the only near‐infrared (NIR) dye approved for clinical use. Despite its versatility in photonic applications and potential for photothermal therapy, its photobleaching hinders its application. Here we discovered a nanostructure of dimeric ICG (Nano‐dICG) generated by using ICG to stabilize nanoemulsions, after which ICG enabled complete dimerization on the nanoemulsion shell, followed by J‐aggregation of ICG‐dimer, resulting in a narrow, red‐shifted (780 nm→894 nm) and intense (≈2‐fold) absorbance. Compared to ICG, Nano‐dICG demonstrated superior photothermal conversion (2‐fold higher), significantly reduced photodegradation (−9.6 % vs. −46.3 %), and undiminished photothermal effect (7 vs. 2 cycles) under repeated irradiations, in addition to excellent colloidal and structural stabilities. Following intravenous injection, Nano‐dICG enabled real‐time tracking of its delivery to mouse tumors within 24 h by photoacoustic imaging at NIR wavelength (890 nm) distinct from the endogenous signal to guide effective photothermal therapy. The unprecedented finding of nanostructure‐driven ICG dimerization leads to an ultra‐stable phototheranostic platform.
Catalytic Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Cyclopropanation of gem‐Dihaloalkanes and Terminal Olefins
Authors: Liu Hou‐Lu , Wang Xinyu , Gao Ke , Wang Zhaobin
Published: May 2023

Chiral cyclopropane derivatives are essential in synthetic chemistry and drug discovery. Their synthesis commonly relies on asymmetric cyclopropanation of diazo compounds, potentially explosive and needing stabilizing substituents. Thus, asymmetric catalytic transformations of non‐stabilized carbenes or carbenoids remain a formidable challenge. Herein, we report the unprecedented chromium‐catalyzed asymmetric cyclopropanation of readily available gem‐dihaloalkanes and terminal olefins. Distinct from previous approaches, gem‐dihaloalkanes serve as suitable precursors for non‐stabilized carbenes or carbenoids, furnishing various functionalized chiral cyclopropanes. Mechanistic studies, including radical trapping, non‐linear effect, and UV/Vis spectroscopy, provide insights into the catalytic process, featuring radical‐polar crossover.
Deletions of DNA in cancer and their possible uses for therapy
Authors: Varshavsky Alexander , Lewis Kim , Chen Shun‐Jia
Published: May 2023

Despite advances in treatments over the last decades, a uniformly reliable and free of side effects therapy of human cancers remains to be achieved. During chromosome replication, a premature halt of two converging DNA replication forks would cause incomplete replication and a cytotoxic chromosome nondisjunction during mitosis. In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells bear numerous DNA deletions. A homozygous deletion permanently marks a cell and its descendants. Here, we propose an approach to cancer therapy in which a pair of sequence‐specific roadblocks is placed solely at two cancer‐confined deletion sites that are located ahead of two converging replication forks. We describe this method, termed “replication blocks specific for deletions” (RBSD), and another deletions‐based approach as well. RBSD can be expanded by placing pairs of replication roadblocks on several different chromosomes. The resulting simultaneous nondisjunctions of these chromosomes in cancer cells would further increase the cancer‐specific toxicity of RBSD.
Neuroimaging findings in DYT1 dystonia and the pathophysiological implication: A systematic review
Authors: Taiwo Funmilola T. , Adebayo Philip B.
Published: May 2023

Background

Primary generalized dystonia due to the DYT1 gene is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a GAG deletion on chromosome 9q34. It is a well‐defined, genetically proven, isolated dystonia syndrome. However, its pathophysiology remains unclear.

Objectives

This study was aimed at profiling the functional neuroimaging findings in DYT1 dystonia and harmonizing the pathophysiological implications for DYT1 dystonia from the standpoint of different neuroimaging techniques.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted using identified studies published in English from Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), between 1985 and December 2019 (PROSPERO protocol CRD42018111211).

Results

All DYT1 gene carriers irrespective of clinical penetrance have reduced striatal GABA, dopamine receptors and increased metabolic activity in the lentiform nucleus, supplementary motor area, and cerebellum in addition to an abnormal cerebellothalamocortical pathway. Nonmanifesting carriers on the other hand have a disruption of the distal (thalamocortical) segment and have larger putaminal volumes than manifesting carriers and healthy controls. Activation of the midbrain, thalamus, and sensorimotor cortex was only found in the manifesting carriers.

Conclusions

Therefore, we propose that DYT1 dystonia is a cerebellostriatothalamocortical network disorder affecting either the structure or function of the different structures or nodes in the network.
Application of a fluorescent dye‐based microfluidic sensor for real‐time detection of mAb aggregates
Authors: São Pedro Mariana N. , Eppink Michel H. M. , Ottens Marcel
Published: May 2023

The lack of process analytical technologies able to provide real‐time information and process control over a biopharmaceutical process has long impaired the transition to continuous biomanufacturing. For the monoclonal antibody (mAb) production, aggregate formation is a major critical quality attribute (CQA) with several known process parameters (i.e., protein concentration and agitation) influencing this phenomenon. The development of a real‐time tool to monitor aggregate formation is then crucial to gain control and achieve a continuous processing. Due to an inherent short operation time, miniaturized biosensors placed after each step can be a powerful solution. In this work, the development of a fluorescent dye‐based microfluidic sensor for fast at‐line PAT is described, using fluorescent dyes to examine possible mAb size differences. A zigzag microchannel, which provides 90% of mixing efficiency under 30 s, coupled to an UV–Vis detector, and using four FDs, was studied and validated. With different generated mAb aggregation samples, the FDs Bis‐ANS and CCVJ were able to robustly detect from, at least, 2.5% to 10% of aggregation. The proposed FD‐based micromixer is then ultimately implemented and validated in a lab‐scale purification system, demonstrating the potential of a miniaturized biosensor to speed up CQAs measurement in a continuous process.
ADAR1 is a prognostic biomarker and is correlated with immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yang Wendi , Chen Kehong , Yu Qian , Liao Rongxin , He Hengqiu , Peng Yuan , Yang Zhenzhou , Zhang Xiaoyue
Published: May 2023

Background

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a common subtype of non‐small cell lung cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates and is usually detected at advanced stages because of the early onset of metastasis. Adenosine deaminase RNA‐specific 1 (ADAR1) is an RNA editing enzyme that catalyzes the important physiological process of adenosine‐to‐inosine editing and has been shown to participate in the progression of LUAD. Increasing evidence has suggested that immune infiltration of the tumor immune microenvironment has prognostic value for most human solid organ malignancies; however, much is unknown about the functions of ADAR1.

Methods

The expression of ADAR1 was analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas ‐LUAD database and validated in our LUAD cohort. To assess the prognostic value of ADAR1, Kaplan‐Meier survival analyses and Cox regression analyses were carried out in LUAD cohorts. The association between ADAR1 and LUAD immune infiltrates via analyses of cell‐type identification by estimating relative subsets of known RNA transcripts. Furthermore, multiplex immunohistochemistry was used to confirm the relationship between ADAR1 expression and immune cells in the present cohort of patients with LUAD.

Results

ADAR1 was highly expressed in LUAD tissues and closely correlated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) (p < 0.01), advanced tumor stage (p < 0.05), and poor patient prognosis (p < 0.01), thus indicating that increased ADAR1 contributed to the progression of LUAD. LUAD with high ADAR1 expression can metastasize to lymph nodes that express more ADAR1 than the primary lesion. In addition, M0 macrophages and M2 macrophages increased and CD4+T cells decreased in LUAD tissues with high ADAR1 expression. And the expression of ADAR1 in lymph node metastases was negatively correlated with the contents of CD4+T cells (p = 0.0017) and M1 macrophages (p = 0.0037).

Conclusion

The findings of our study suggested that ADAR1 may be useful in predicting prognosis and LNM in LUAD, and may serve as a promising immune‐related molecular target for LUAD patients.
Impact of emotional appeal on non‐profit advertising: A neurophysiological analysis
Authors: Sandoval Pamela Simón , García‐Madariaga Jesús
Published: May 2023

The number of Non‐Profit Organisations (NPOs) has increased in the past years, and they rely on advertising to communicate their causes. Although the effectiveness of NPO advertising has been studied previously, there is still no consensus about which appeal (emotionally positive or negative) increases its effectiveness. On the other hand, the most prevalent research approaches to NPO advertising are traditional research methodologies based on declarative techniques. So, the purpose of this study is to identify which appeal (positive or negative) in NPO advertising is more effective at the three levels of effectiveness (perceptual or communicational effectiveness, psychological or attitudinal effectiveness and behavioural effectiveness), providing a new approach based on the analysis of consumers' unconscious responses to advertising. We conducted an experiment with 113 participants whose neurophysiological responses were evaluated through electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye tracking (ET) while they watched NPO advertisements with a randomly assigned emotional appeal (positive or negative). In addition, a survey revealed behavioural responses. The results showed that considering the psychological or attitudinal effectiveness, positively framed ads are more effective, as there is a positive effect on attitudes towards the ad and a higher positive emotional valence. On the other hand, in perceptual effectiveness, where attention is considered an important variable, the negatively framed ads showed more significant time in the area of interest (AOI) of the image area of the ad, and longer time in the AOI text was observed for positively framed ads. Furthermore, regarding behavioural effectiveness, negatively framed ads seem more effective in eliciting actual donations. The results suggest that a positive appeal is more effective in generating a more positive attitude and a positive emotional valence towards the advertisement, which could benefit the NPO in the long term. But a negative appeal is more effective if the goal is to achieve immediate donations.