bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microdroplet confined assembly enabling the scalable synthesis of titania supported ultrasmall low-valent copper catalysts for efficient photocatalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Ying , Zhang Xiangcheng , Wu Lei , Wang Hao , Wei Xiangru , Wu Winston Duo , Wang Xiaoning , Li Wei , Wu Zhangxiong
Published: July 2021

Synthesis of TiO2 supported ultrasmall low-valent Cu catalysts in air is enabled by microdroplet confined assembly. The fast electron transfer and timely Cu redox cycling promote the photocatalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate.
The yttrium-catalyzed heteroatom-assisted terpolymerization of ortho-alkoxystyrene, isoprene and butadiene with high regio- and stereoselectivity
Authors: Zhong Yuanhao , Wang Baoli , Cui Dongmei
Published: July 2021

The use of coordination polymerization to synthesize functional styrene-isoprene-butadiene rubber (SIBR) is a theoretical challenge in the field of polymer science. This paper reports great progress in this area.
MGa2B2O7:Bi3+,Al3+ (M = Sr, Ba) blue phosphors with a quantum yield of 99% and negative thermal quenching
Authors: Yang Shuai , Wu Yuning , Yue Fangyu , Qi Ruijuan , Jiang Bin , Wu Jiahao , Shen Yang , Duan Chungang , Shan Yongkui , Zhao Qingbiao , Zhang Yuefei
Published: July 2021

The quantum yields of non-rare-earth blue phosphors SrGa2B2O7:Bi3+,Al3+ and BaGa2B2O7:Bi3+,Al3+ reach record high values of 96% and 99%, respectively. The SrGa2B2O7:Bi3+,Al3+ phosphor exhibits negative thermal quenching.
Crystalline/amorphous hetero-phase Ru nanoclusters for efficient electrocatalytic oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution
Authors: Liu Shuangquan , Dai Lanxin , Qu Yunteng , Qiu Yu , Fan Jianxiong , Li Xue , Zhang Qinghua , Guo Xiaohui
Published: July 2021

Novel amorphous/crystalline hetero-phase Ru clusters anchored on N-doped graphene nanosheets can be fabricated via a two-step synthetic strategy. The as-prepared Ru/N-G catalysts exhibit outstanding electrocatalytic performances for both ORR and HER.
Iron(iii)-catalyzed direct C–H radical amination of (hetero)arenes
Authors: Lv Bin , Gao Pan , Zhang Shuwei , Jia Xiaodong , Wang Minyan , Yuan Yu
Published: July 2021

Arylamines are regarded as the fundamental structure of many agrochemicals, marketed drugs and organic materials.
Construction of Z-scheme NiO/NiC/g-C3N4composites using NiC as novel cocatalysts for the efficient photocatalytic degradation
Authors: Song Xiaojie , Ye Sisi , Zhou Xin , Gui Wanrui , Yang Can , Yang Zhihong
Published: July 2021

A novel composite consisting of NiO/NiC/g-C3N4with excellent photocatalytic properties was successfully synthesized by the simple calcination of layered double metal hydroxide (LDH) and melamine.
Enzyme-activatable fluorescent probes for β-galactosidase: from design to biological applications
Authors: Yao Yongkang , Zhang Yutao , Yan Chenxu , Zhu Wei-Hong , Guo Zhiqian
Published: July 2021

This review highlights the molecular design strategy of β-galactosidase-activatable probes from turn-on mode to ratiometric mode, from ACQ to AIE-active probes, from NIR-I to NIR-II imaging and dual-mode of chemo-fluoro-luminescence imaging.
A mesoporous ionic solid with 272 AuI6AgI3CuII3 complex cations in a super huge crystal lattice
Authors: Takeda Hiroto , Kojima Tatsuhiro , Yoshinari Nobuto , Konno Takumi
Published: July 2021

A non-MOF ionic solid having two types of polyhedral mesopores in a very large crystal lattice is generated from a cationic AuI6AgI3CuII3 complex with d-penicillamine, showing specific exchanges of counter-anions retaining its single crystallinity.
Bio-inspired dual-functional phospholipid–poly(acrylic acid) brushes grafted porous poly(vinyl alcohol) beads for selective adsorption of low-density lipoprotein
Authors: Yu Yameng , Dong Jingzhe , Ma Boya , Jiang Xinbang , Guo Chen , Liu Zhuang , Chai Yamin , Wang Lichun , Sun Lisha , Ou Lailiang , Li Wenzhong
Published: July 2021

Inspired by the lipoprotein molecular structure, dual-functional phospholipid-poly(acrylic acid) brushes grafted porous poly(vinyl alcohol) beads were developed for selective removal of low-density lipoprotein from hyperlipidemia blood.
Lamellar silver thiolate coordination polymers with reversibly switchable blue-to-near infrared optical transitions
Authors: Wang Junren , Graf Robert , Riedinger Andreas
Published: July 2021

Lamellar silver thiolates (Ag-MPA) possess reversible temperature dependent blue-to-near infrared optical transitions resulting from metallophilic interactions in the layers and conformational stabilization of the ligands.
Understanding ultrafast charge transfer processes in SnS and SnS2: using the core hole clock method to measure attosecond orbital-dependent electron delocalisation in semiconducting layered materials
Authors: Oropeza Freddy E. , Barawi Mariam , Alfonso-González Elena , de la Peña O’Shea Victor A. , Trigo Juan F. , Guillén Cecilia , Saiz Fernan , Villar-Garcia Ignacio J.
Published: July 2021

Electron delocalisation times are significantly faster for SnS than for SnS2. Ultrafast times, as low as 30 attoseconds, were measured thanks to the application of the core hole clock method.
Delayed output feedback based leader–follower and leaderless consensus control of uncertain multiagent systems
Authors: Soni Sandeep Kumar , Xiong Xiaogang , Sachan Ankit , Kamal Shyam , Ghosh Sandip
Published: July 2021

This paper proposes a distributed artificially delayed output feedback‐based leader–follower and leaderless consensus control for the uncertain general linear multiagent systems (MASs) with an arbitrary relative degree. Based on the measured relative output and their delayed information with respect to neighbours, two distributed controllers are designed, which relaxes the requirement of all relative states information of agents. Through the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are formulated, and these LMIs are feasible for arbitrary small delays selected by the user. Delay‐dependent sufficient conditions are provided to guarantee the asymptotic convergence of nominal error systems and ultimately uniform boundedness in the case of a perturbed error system, using the input to state stability (ISS) theory. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed method is illustrated through numerical examples.
Analysis and modelling of rampart line antennas
Authors: Sacco Giulia , Caytan Olivier , Pisa Stefano , Visser Hubregt J.
Published: July 2021

A new, efficient, and accurate analytical model is introduced for estimating the beam direction of rampart line antennas with microstrip radiators that can change beam direction with feeding frequency. The model takes its origins from 1‐D array theory, in which the bends represent the radiating elements, and the interconnecting lines represent the phase shifters. A mathematical expression accounting for the equivalent length of the bends for the correct estimation of the distance between the radiators is introduced. The model was tested for various substrate relative permittivity values ranging from 2.9 to 6.45. This model can be used for arbitrary rampart line configurations by providing the equivalent dipole direction, depending on the orientation of the bends. An alternative geometry was proposed to reduce the coupling between the parallel line segments. A prototype operating in a bandwidth of 1 GHz around 7.8 GHz was realized on a Rogers RO4350B high‐frequency laminate with a thickness of 1.524 mm. Both the radiation pattern and the reflection coefficient were measured and show a good agreement with the proposed analytical model and commercial full‐wave simulation tool results.
A transformerless three‐level three‐phase boost PWM inverter for PV applications
Authors: Palanisamy Aswin , Siwakoti Yam P. , Mahajan Akshay , Long Teng , Kashani Omid Forati , Blaabjerg Frede
Published: July 2021

Multilevel converters have seen rising demands in the past decades, due to their increased power ratings, enhanced power quality, low switching losses and reduced electromagnetic interference. Prominent among them are the three‐level (3L) neutral point clamped and the flying capacitor inverter topologies along with their derivatives. Nevertheless, the main drawback of these topologies is the requirement of a front‐end boost DC–DC converter to compensate the high dc‐link voltage demand, which is usually twice the grid peak voltage. This multi‐stage power conversion further pulls down the overall system efficiency. A single‐stage dc–ac power converter with boost capability offer an interesting alternative compared to the two stage approach. Considering this aspect, a novel three‐level three‐phase boost type inverter is introduced in this paper for general‐purpose applications (prominently grid‐connected renewable energy). The proposed inverter would reduce the DC‐link voltage requirement to half using the same or even less number of active and passive components, compared to the conventional three‐level neutral point clamped and flying capacitor family. The principle of operation and theoretical analysis are discussed in detail. The design methodology along with simulation and experimental waveforms for a 5 kVA inverter are presented to prove the concept of the proposed inverter topology for practical applications.
Knowledge‐aided block sparse Bayesian learning STAP for phased‐array MIMO airborne radar
Authors: Cui Ning , Xing Kun , Duan Keqing , Yu Zhongjun
Published: July 2021

The phased‐array multiple‐input multiple‐output (PA‐MIMO) airborne radar faces more severe sample shortage problem than the conventional PA radar. Hence, it suffers from severe performance degradation when it adopts the traditional space‐time adaptive processing (STAP) methods. Fortunately, the introduction of sparse recovery (SR) brings a novel perspective to reducing the sample requirement. However, most existing SR‐STAP methods only consider the clutter sparsity as prior information. In fact, more useful information, such as radar parameters, ground environment, airplane state, can all be obtained in advance and further utilised to improve the performance of SR‐STAP. In this study, the clutter structure, obtained based on the abovementioned prior knowledge, is utilised in the block SR‐STAP in the PA‐MIMO airborne radar. The clutter suppression performance is poor when the block SR algorithm is directly applied into the STAP because the clutter structure is destroyed by common vectorisation operation. To solve this problem, the vectorisation operation is first redesigned based on the clutter distribution characteristics and a novel dictionary is constructed. A basic block sparse Bayesian learning STAP scheme is then proposed in the PA‐MIMO radar’s application. The numerical experiments illustrate that the proposed method can achieve satisfactory performance with a few training samples and outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art SR‐STAP methods.
Oil palm cultivation in the Americas: review of the social, economic and environmental conditions of its expansion
Authors: Lesage Colombine , Cifuentes-Espinosa Jaime , Feintrenie Laurène
Published: July 2021

In the Americas, the palm oil sector has been gaining importance in the last 20 years. Although in 2018 the region only accounted for 7.1% of global palm oil production, it is one of the largest suitable areas for oil palm cultivation. We conducted a literature review on how the sector developed and how its development influenced private and public actors in their choice among three categories of arrangements between oil palm growers and palm oil extraction units. We grouped cases reported in the literature in three categories: corporate models, contract farming, and growers’ organizations. The two latter categories emerged in response to the call for better inclusion of growers in the value chain, for local development, and for sustainable production; they now represent almost 30% of production in the region. All the parties involved are pushing for more sustainable production. National governments intend to regulate production, and private companies are engaging in certification and fair partnerships with producers of fruit bunches. However, there are still many negative impacts on the environment, on local populations, and on biodiversity. Thus, although the Americas appear to be on the way to being leaders of sustainability in the palm oil sector, challenges remain.
Friedel oscillation and charge density wave pinning
in vanadium-doped blue bronze
Authors: Ravy S. , Rouziere S. , Elkaïm E. , Pouget J.-P. , Brazovskii S.
Published: July 2021

An analysis of x-ray data from vanadium-doped blue bronze K0.3(Mo1-xVx)O3 is presented for x=2.8% and
1.44%. 2kF satellite reflections are broadened in all the directions and exhibit a peculiar profile asymmetry in the
chain direction We interpret this profile asymmetry by the presence of Friedel oscillations around the charged
vanadium impurities.
Transport properties of N bSe3 crystals with nanometer-scale
transverse dimensions
Authors: Zaitsev-Zotov S. V. , Slot E. , van der Zant H. S.J.
Published: July 2021

A systematic study of the finite-size effects in transport properties of NbSe3 crystals has been undertaken
in crystals having room-temperature unit length resistance up to 10$^5~\Omega \mu$m. A substantial modification of the shape of
the resistance vs. temperature curves, $R(T)$, is observed for the thinnest crystals. The measurements of the resistance
and the Shapiro steps show that the effective cross-section area responsible for single-electron and CDW transport is
substantially below a sample cross-section area defined by atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. A time
evolution of the $R(T)$ is found. It is shown that the observed time evolution is similar to one resulted from breaking of
the chains. Thus for thinnest samples, the contribution from a* and c-axis transport should be taken into account.
Influence of charge order on the ground state
of TMTTF conductors
Authors: Zamborszky F. , Yu W. , Raas W. , Brown S. E. , Alavi B. , Merlic C. A. , Baur A. , Lefebvre S. , Wzietek P.
Published: July 2021

Properties of the charge-ordered (CO) phase for the representative salt (TMTTF)2AsF6
are determined using 13C and 75As nuclei as probes. The charge disproportionation ratio
is found to be at least 3:1 at temperatures below the transition temperature TCO. At
lower temperatures, the material undergoes a second transition to a singlet ground state.
Investigations of the relative stability of the two orders under applied pressure reveal that
the two orders compete. The phase diagram consists of a region of coexistence and a
tetracritical point.
Resistance fluctuations in a low density 2D hole gas in GaAs
Authors: Leturcq R. , L'Hote D. , Tourbot R. , Mellor C. J. , Henini M.
Published: July 2021

We have measured the resistance fluctuations in 2D hole gases in GaAs quantum wells around the 2D
“metal"-insulator transition (MIT) at temperatures between 35 and 700 mK. The magnitude of the noise spectrum
has a l/$^\alpha ( \alpha = 1)$ frequency dependence and increases strongly as the density is lowered. There is a qualitative
change in the temperature dependence at a density pg, higher than the 2D MIT critical density pc. Moreover, the
noise magnitude shows a scaling behaviour as a function of the resistance, which can be attributed to a percolation
transition, as suggested by theories which explain the resistivity vs. temperature dependence near the 2D MIT.
Photocontrol of a dynamic phase transition in the CDW state
Authors: Miyano K. , Ogawa N.
Published: July 2021

A strong photoinduced suppression of the creep to slide dynamic phase transition was discovered in a
quasi one-dimensional CDW material, K0.3MoO3. It is manifested in hysteretic “photoresistivity", an increase in the
resistance by orders of magnitude under the illumination of light of modest intensity. Based on a wide range of
measurements, it is concluded that the effect is due to the release of the internal stress by photoexcited jumps of the
CDW phase over pinning sites: a phenomenon which can be effective only in a system, in which the thermally
excited quasiparticles are negligibly small and hence the `bare' CDW properties emerge.
Current inhomogeneity and effect of a transverse electric field
in the CDW transport properties of quasi-one-dimensional compounds
Authors: Ayari A. , Monceau P.
Published: July 2021

By the way of experimental measurements and numerical simulations, the effect of a transverse
electric field on the non linear transport properties of charge density wave systems has been investigated. Our
numerical simulations show that the dramatic reduction of the threshold depinnig field reported previously is
only due to current injection inhomogeneity, i.e. a part of the transverse injected current flows longitudinally
due to the anisotropic conductivity. We have therefore realized a submicron YbSe3 structure specifically
designed to get rid of this inhomogeneity. In these conditions, we do not observe any reduction of the threshold
field even for transverse currents one order of magnitude higher than predicted and used in Ref. [2].
Charge-density waves in Er5Ir4Si10 type compounds
Authors: van Smaalen S. , Daniels P. , Galli F. , Feyerherm R. , Dudzik E. , Nieuwenhuys G. J. , Mydosh J. A.
Published: July 2021

X-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation has been used to study the phase
transitions in compounds M5Ir4Si10 with M a rare-earth metal. For M = Er,
Ho and Er0.84Lu0.16
phase transitions have been found towards a combined commensurate/incommensurate state,
that locks into a commensurate state at lower temperatures. For M = Lu and
Er0.66Lu0.34
there is a single transition towards a commensurate state. The results are interpreted in terms
of commensurate structural transitions that induce incommensurate CDWs.
New insights on charge density wave and other fluctuations
in blue
bronze from NMR measurements
Authors: Clark W. G. , Tanaka K. B. , Vonlanthen P. , Kriza G.
Published: July 2021

On the basis of extensive NMR measurements on a single crystal of Rbo.3MoO3 (blue bronze), we report
several aspects of its charge density wave (CDW) and metallic phases that require a reinterpretation of some earlier
results and indicate several aspects of the CDW fluctuations that will require further development of the theoretical
models to describe them. From measurements of the spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T1) of both 85Rb and 87Rb, it is
clear that the dominant coupling responsible for 1/T1 is quadrupolar both above and below the CDW transition. This
result contradicts the earlier interpretation that it was magnetic coupling to the conduction electrons above the
transition. Also, there is no clear evidence of a coherence peak in 1/T1 below the transition. For most orientations of
the external field relative to the crystalline axes, 1/T1 in the CDW phase is nearly constant across the spectrum of the
central NMR transition, in contradiction to the prediction of the simple phason model for the fluctuations. Thus,
there are additional fluctuation modes of the CDW that need to be included into the model for 1/T1.
Motion of diffusional transformation fronts in multi-component systems
Authors: Gamsjäger E. , Fischer F. D. , Svoboda J.
Published: July 2021

The material properties of a steel slab produced during continuous casting are significantly influenced by the kinetics of the austenite(γ)-to-ferrite(α) phase transformation. Former theoretical models either have used a semi-empirical approach (such as the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation) or simplified the situation by assuming an infinite mobility of the phase interface and/or zero mobility of substitutionally dissolved components.
In general the transformation kinetics in a multi-component system depends on the interface mobility and on the diffusion of the components. A finite mobility model for the phase transformation has been developed that takes into account the diffusion of substitutionally dissolved components. As an example the kinetics of the γ/α-phase transformation is simulated in the Fe-Cr-Ni system.
FEM-Simulation of the electrode temperature distribution and crater formation. Part I: Breakdown of an electrical discharge
Authors: Soldera F. , Lasagni A. , Mücklich F.
Published: July 2021

An electrical discharge causes an energy input into the electrode, which melts and evaporates the metal forming a crater on the cathode surface. The larger part of material loss is produced by the ejection of molten particles from the molten pool. From calorimetric results, the amount of energy delivered to the cathode was estimated. Based on FEM, a model was developed to simulate the local temperature increase in the vicinity of the plasma impact zone. Considering phase transitions, it was possible to define a molten and an evaporated region, whose dimensions were compared with the dimensions of experimental craters. Single sparks were produced on cylindrical samples (Pt, Ir, Ru, Al, Au, Ag, Cu, W, Ni, Sn and Pb) in air and nitrogen with pressures ranging from 1 to 9 bar and electrode gaps of 1 and 2 mm. The volumes of experimental craters lay between the volumes of the simulated regions for 5 and 7 bar. For 1 and 3 bar, the volumes of the evaporated regions were overestimated. The shape of the simulated regions showed a very good agreement with the real craters. The relative volumes of the molten regions showed a very good agreement with the relative volumes of eroded material in the different metals.
Developments in finite element simulations of continuous casting
Authors: Castagne S. , Pascon F. , Blès G. , Habraken A.-M.
Published: July 2021

Two complementary approaches of steel continuous casting modelling using the finite element code LAGAMINE have been developed in the M&S Department. We propose here a description of the context in which the study started, then a description of both macroscopic and mesoscopic approaches. The first one describes the whole continuous casting process, from the free surface in the mould and through the entire machine, including thermal and mechanical behaviour of the steel. The second approach focuses on the prediction of cracks and is developed at the grain scale. Some results are also presented for both models.
Numerical simulation of inertia friction welding process of GH4169 alloy
Authors: Liwen Zhang , Chengdong Liu , Shaoan Qi , Yongsi Yu , Wenhui Zhu , Shen Qu , Jinghe Wang
Published: July 2021

Friction welding is a solid state welding technology with good quality and high automation. It has been widely used in many industry fields especially in automobile and aerospace industry. Because of the characters of less process parameters and high automation, inertia friction welding is popular in many fields. In this paper, a 2-D thermo-mechanical FEM model was developed to simulate inertia welding process. In this model, the temperature dependency of the thermal and mechanical properties of material was considered. The finite-element software MSC.Marc was used to calculate the temperature field, stress field and strain field during inertia friction welding process. The transient temperature field and the deformation of GH4169 superalloy during inertia friction welding process were predicted. The temperature filed during inertia friction welding process was measured by means of thermocouples. The calculated temperature filed is in good agreement with the experimental result.
Modeling and experimental study of induction heating of moving bronze blocks
Authors: Kandev N. P.
Published: July 2021

This paper discusses a new method for electrical heating
of moving bronze blocks that are used in a copper anode continuous casting machines. Until recently, the only
means of heating has been the use of natural gas burners. This method however is inefficient, noisy, and the
waste heat involved is very difficult to
manage. An efficient method, using induction heating of a thin ferromagnetic
layer bonded to the top of the
bronze blocks was proposed to replace the natural gas burners.This method
permits an excellent magnetic
coupling, and therefore a very efficient transfer of energy into the
ferromagnetic layer and then its thermal
transfer to the bronze blocks. A specialized software Flux 2D has been used for
computer simulation of coupled
magneto-dynamic and thermal processes in design and optimization of the
induction heating process. A study
has been done on different frequencies, coil design and dimensions. A
special one-side pancake inductor, using
a magnetic field concentrator, was used to test the proposed method. This
inductor showed very good electrical
and mechanical performances.
Modeling and simulation technology for the advancement of materials processing technology
Authors: Funatani K.
Published: July 2021

The development of simulation technology and their benchmark efforts are intensively promoted at many parts of technical and industrial sectors. Beside the investigation in fundamental kinetics, application models and simulation tools database construction is quite important to expand actual usefulness in industrial activity. And also, the misfit of predicted value and actual results should be studied both from model side, database and their difference in input data which are too much simplified than actual operation. Additionally, future expansion in application of computer simulation technologies we need to focus the needs of the future manufacturing technology. In this paper, those problems and future possibility to increase usefulness of simulation work are discussed co-relating experiences with the results of recent benchmark works presented in various conference papers.
Thermal influence of cutting tool coatings
Authors: Rech J. , Battaglia J. L. , Moisan A.
Published: July 2021

The paper deals with the qualification of the thermal behaviour of the system “work material – coated carbide cutting tool – chip”, with the purpose of reaching a better understanding of the heat flow entering into the tool substrate during a turning operation. Heat transfer in deposit-substrate system was analysed by basing on a simple geometry example. A model of heat transfer in the cutting tool has been proposed. Results show that coating’s thermal barrier role does not exist in continuous cutting operations, but that it is significant in discontinuous cutting operations especially with high speed cutting conditions.
Widespread bodily pain is not associated with the presence of painful TMJ osteoarthritis: a case control study
Authors: Panol Hanzara , Vivaldi Daniela , Di Giosia Massimiliano , Lim Pei Feng
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Temporomandibular Joint Arthralgia (TMJA) in the absence of osteoarthritis has not been thoroughly studied. We aimed to investigate the presence of comorbid bodily pain conditions (CBPC) in patients with TMJA with and without TMJOA and hypothesized that TMJOA is not associated with a higher presence of CBPC. Methods: This is a retrospective study involving patients at the University of North Carolina Orofacial Pain Clinic between 2010 and 2014 with TMJA according to the RDC/TMD criteria [1]. Cases fulfilled the Ahmad classification for TMJOA [2], and had TMJA (TMJA+OA), while controls had TMJA only (TMJA-OA). Data was collected from reports of Cone-Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT). CBPC were self-reported. Results: Twenty-eight cases (TMJA+OA) and 25 controls (TMJA-OA) were included. The mean age of cases and controls (P = 0.027) and mean pain duration differed (P = 0.031). However, the gender distribution (P = 0.552), mean pain intensity (P = 0.381), mean number of painful muscles upon palpation (P = 0.759) and mean number of CBPC (P = 0.575) were not different. At least one CBPC was reported by 68% cases and 72% control subjects (P = 0.743). Conclusions: In this group of patients with TMJA, the presence of CBPC was high and not associated with the presence of TMJOA. This finding suggests that CBPC and TMJOA occur independently.
Quantum impedance Lorentz oscillator and its 1- and 2-photon-absorption applications
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Kai , Fang Zheng-Ji , Li Jing , Li Qing-Yi , Li Xiao-Qing , Zheng Yang , Peng Yun-Ting , Zhang Yong , Zhao Pei-De
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a classical Lorentz oscillator is quantized via Bohr–Sommerfeld quantum theory and 1- and 2-photon absorption (1PA and 2PA) selection rules of quantum mechanics. Based on the Bohr–Sommerfeld model of a hydrogen-like atom in the adiabatic approximation, the computational formulas of the linear and nonlinear parameters and the damping coefficient of the quantized oscillator are derived and further expressed in terms of microphysical quantities, such as electronic charge and mass, Bohr radius, and effective quantum number. In accordance with Boltzmann thermal equilibrium distribution, here, the atom number density in general electric susceptibility is changed to the energy level transition one from the initial to the final state at equilibrium between atomic emission and absorption under light field. A new relationship is proposed to determine the transition eigenfrequency according to the peak frequency and full width at half maximum of an absorption spectrum. Our theoretical simulations of the 1PA spectra of atomic hydrogen and lithium and 1PA and 2PA spectra of two kinds of organic molecules turn out to be in good agreement with the experimental ones. These results suggest that our advancement in the quantization of the Lorentz oscillator is likely successful to make it available for use in the quantitative description of atomic or molecular 1PA and 2PA processes. Generally, the improved Lorentz oscillator may also be more suitable for approximating both linear and nonlinear properties of many dielectric or optoelectronic materials due to its relative simplicity.
Solvation shell dynamics of supercritical water–cyclohexane mixtures in relation to the translational and rotational dynamics as studied by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Yoshida Ken , Yoshioka Haruka
Published: July 2021

The translational dynamics of water and cyclohexane in supercritical binary mixtures were investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The effects of the local composition were examined through a decomposition scheme of the conditional time-correlation functions based on the solvation numbers for water and cyclohexane. The self-diffusion of water was found to be largely controlled by the continuous and collective attractive interactions with surrounding water molecules, while interactions with cyclohexane have minimal impact on water diffusion. On the other hand, the self-diffusion of cyclohexane is dominantly determined by uncorrelated collisional interactions with neighboring cyclohexane molecules. The results demonstrate the dynamic aspect of microscopic inhomogeneity and highlight the significance of interactions between molecules of the same species. An examination of the dependence of self-diffusion on the lifetime of the solvation shell indicated that the self-diffusion of water is confined within the solvation shell. This is attributed to the hydrogen bond interactions with neighboring water molecules, which create an energy barrier to the water molecules diffusing out of the hydration cage. In contrast, diffusing cyclohexane molecules migrate beyond the solvation shell, particularly at large water contents.
Comprehensive identification and expression analysis of
Authors: Jha Deepak Kumar , Chanwala Jeky , Sandeep I. Sriram , Dey Nrisingha
Published: July 2021

Pearl millet is an important C4 cereal plant that possesses enormous capacity to survive under extreme climatic conditions. It serves as a major food source for people in arid and semiarid regions of south-east Asia and Africa. GRAS is an important transcription factor gene family of plant that play a critical role in regulating developmental processes, stress responses and phytohormonal signalling. In the present study, we have identified a total number of 57 GRAS members in pearl millet. Phylogenetic analysis clustered all the PgGRAS genes into eight groups (GroupI–GroupVIII). Motif analysis has shown that all the PgGRAS proteins had conserved GRAS domains and gene structure analysis revealed a high structural diversity among PgGRAS genes. Expression patterns of PgGRAS genes in different tissues (leaf, stem and root) and under various abiotic stress (drought, heat and salinity) were determined. Further, expression analysis was also carried out in response to various hormones (SA, MeJA, GA and ABA). The results provide a clear understanding of GRAS transcription factor family in pearl millet, and lay a good foundation for the functional characterisation of GRAS genes in pearl millet.
Leaf economic strategies of a sclerophyllous plant (
Authors: He Dong
Published: July 2021

Sclerophylly proves an advantageous strategy in a variety of stressful environments. However, it is less clear how multiple phenotypic traits in sclerophyllous plants are integrated to accomplish proper functions under specific stressors. This study measured 10 leaf traits in a sclerophyllous species, Eurya japonica Thunb., in the Zhoushan Archipelago, eastern China, to examine how the structures of trait correlation (i.e. phenotypic integration) vary between two habitats with contrasting moisture and phosphorus (P) availability. Overall, the trait correlation matrices were similar between the two habitats under study (Mantel r > 0.5), reflecting a consistent trade-off between leaf outspreading (i.e. leaf area/mass ratio) and water-use efficiency (measured by δ13C). Stomatal conductance was correlated with leaf area, thickness and area/mass ratio only in the dry, P-rich habitat, whereas it was robustly correlated with leaf P per unit area in the wet, P-poor habitat. Moreover, leaf water-use efficiency was robustly correlated with leaf P and N per unit area in the dry habitat, but not so in the low-P one. These differences in trait correlation structures illustrate that the pathways of strategic compromise under contrasting stressors were locally specialised. This study highlights the importance of phenotypic integration as an emergent ‘trait’ in sustaining viable strategies.
The translation of images and West Indian creole into Spanish in Sam Selvon’s The Lonely
Londoners
Authors: Castillo Bernal Pilar
Published: July 2021

Sam Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners is considered a classic of West Indian literature in the style
of Migrant Modernism (Brown 2013). First published in post-war London in 1956, it was
not translated into Spanish until 2016, probably due to the challenging features of the novel and its language. A case of text
creolisation (Buzelin 2000), the translation of the novel required an active effort to
construct a language variant that could convey Selvon’s peculiar literary style and sociopolitical intent. The present work aims
to investigate the images of West Indians portrayed in the original novel and, more specifically, how they are transposed into the
Spanish text. The research method includes an account of the editorial process, an interview with the translator, and an analysis
of the paratexts and translation excerpts. Finally, the reception of the translation in literary reviews shall also be
discussed.
Controlled information transfer in continuous-time chiral quantum walks
Authors: Khalique A , Sett A , Wang J B , Twamley J
Published: July 2021

In this paper we investigate properties of continuous time chiral quantum walks, which possess complex valued edge weights in the underlying graph structure, together with an initial Gaussian wavefunction spread over a number of vertices. We demonstrate that, for certain graph topology and phase matching conditions, we are able to direct the flow of probability amplitudes in a specific direction inside the graph network. We design a quantum walk graph analogue of an optical circulator which is a combination of a cycle and semi-infinite chain graphs. Excitations input into the circulator from a semi-infinite chain are routed in a directionally biased fashion to output to a different semi-infinite chain. We examine in detail a two port circulator graph which spatially separates excitations flowing back in forth between the two semi-finite chains to directionally occupy the top or bottom half of the cycle portion of the circulator. This setup can be used, for example, to detect non-Markovian processes, which leads to information and energy back-flow from the bath back into the system.
Effects of van der Waals interactions on the phonon transport properties of tetradymite compounds
Authors: Li M K , Sheng C Y , Hu R , Han S H , Yuan H M , Liu H J
Published: July 2021

Unlike tremendous works on the electronic structures of tetradymite compounds, studies of their thermal properties are relatively rare. Here, first-principles calculations and Boltzmann theory are combined to investigate the phonon transport of such kind of layered materials. Using four binary tetradymites as prototypical examples, it is interesting to find that the weak van der Waals (vdW) interactions play an important role in determining their lattice thermal conductivities, which are obviously higher than those without the consideration of vdW, especially for the out-of-plane direction. In principle, such enhanced phonon transport can be attributed to the decreased interlayer spacing caused by the presence of vdW, which effectively reduces the strong anharmonicity of the systems. Indeed, we observe relatively smaller Grüneisen parameter together with larger phonon group velocity and relaxation time. Our theoretical work demonstrates the vital importance of the seemingly weak vdW forces in predicting the phonon transport properties of various layered structures.
Suppression of MHD modes with active phase-control of probe-injected currents
Authors: Brooks John W. , Bialek James , Hansen Chris J. , Levesque Jeffrey P. , Mauel Michael E. , Navratil Gerald A. , Saperstein Alex , Stewart Ian G.
Published: July 2021

Active phase-control of probe-injected current is shown to both suppress and amplify long-wavelength rotating magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in the HBT-EP tokamak. Four probes are connected in quadrature and energized to drive non-axisymmetric currents through the edge of the tokamak, creating magnetic perturbations comparable to previously-studied saturated kink modes or resonant magnetic perturbations that are generated by an external control coil array. Measurements of the magnetic perturbations from the probe-injected currents determine a set of current-carrying helical filaments used to model active feedback control of resistive wall modes. These experiments suggest current-injection feedback may be an effective alternative to external control coils for control of RWMs and other long-wavelength kink-like modes at the edge of tokamaks.
Dynamics of 2D material membranes
Authors: Steeneken Peter G , Dolleman Robin J , Davidovikj Dejan , Alijani Farbod , van der Zant Herre S J
Published: July 2021

The dynamics of suspended two-dimensional (2D) materials has received increasing attention during the last decade, yielding new techniques to study and interpret the physics that governs the motion of atomically thin layers. This has led to insights into the role of thermodynamic and nonlinear effects as well as the mechanisms that govern dissipation and stiffness in these resonators. In this review, we present the current state-of-the-art in the experimental study of the dynamics of 2D membranes. The focus will be both on the experimental measurement techniques and on the interpretation of the physical phenomena exhibited by atomically thin membranes in the linear and nonlinear regimes. We will show that resonant 2D membranes have emerged both as sensitive probes of condensed matter physics in ultrathin layers, and as sensitive elements to monitor small external forces or other changes in the environment. New directions for utilizing suspended 2D membranes for material characterization, thermal transport, and gas interactions will be discussed and we conclude by outlining the challenges and opportunities in this upcoming field.
Nanofibrous membrane through multi-needle electrospinning with multi-physical field coupling
Authors: Zhu Ziming , Zheng GaoFeng , Zhang Rongguang , Xu Guojie , Zeng Jun , Guo Rui , Wei Xue , Wang Han
Published: July 2021

The mass electrospinning is the key way to promote the industrial application of nanofibrous membrane, in which the multi-parameter controlling is the challenge for the multi-needle electrospinning. A constant temperature and humidity environment was introduced to studied the effect of process parameters on the ejection process of multi-needle electrospinning process. This article focused on the nanofiber deposition behaviors of multi-needle electrospinning from two different polymer solution of aqueous solution of poly (ethylene oxide) and the non-aqueous solution of polyvinylidene fluoride. We found that the same humidity has opposite effects on the deposition morphology of the water-soluble material PEO and the non-water-soluble material PVDF electrospun fiber. At the same time, we explored the effects of solution conductivity, solvent volatility, temperature and viscosity on electrospinning on water-insoluble and water-soluble materials. What this paper aim is to provide a process debugging reference for the batch preparation of nanofibers of different materials by multi-needle electrospinning.
Modularity and multitasking in neuro-memristive reservoir networks
Authors: Loeffler Alon , Zhu Ruomin , Hochstetter Joel , Diaz-Alvarez Adrian , Nakayama Tomonobu , Shine James M , Kuncic Zdenka
Published: July 2021

The human brain seemingly effortlessly performs multiple concurrent and elaborate tasks in response to complex, dynamic sensory input from our environment. This capability has been attributed to the highly modular structure of the brain, enabling specific task assignment among different regions and limiting interference between them. Here, we compare the structure and functional capabilities of different bio-physically inspired and biological networks. We then focus on the influence of topological properties on the functional performance of highly modular, bio-physically inspired neuro-memristive nanowire networks (NWNs). We perform two benchmark reservoir computing tasks (memory capacity and nonlinear transformation) on simulated networks and show that while random networks outperform NWNs on independent tasks, NWNs with highly segregated modules achieve the best performance on simultaneous tasks. Conversely, networks that share too many resources, such as networks with random structure, perform poorly in multitasking. Overall, our results show that structural properties such as modularity play a critical role in trafficking information flow, preventing information from spreading indiscriminately throughout NWNs.
Hyperbolic distance versus quasihyperbolic distance in plane domains
Authors: Herron David , Lindquist Jeff
Published: July 2021

We examine Euclidean plane domains with their hyperbolic or quasihyperbolic distance. We prove that the associated metric spaces are quasisymmetrically equivalent if and only if they are bi-Lipschitz equivalent. On the other hand, for Gromov hyperbolic domains, the two corresponding Gromov boundaries are always quasisymmetrically equivalent. Surprisingly, for any finitely connected hyperbolic domain, these two metric spaces are always quasiisometrically equivalent. We construct examples where the spaces are not quasiisometrically equivalent.
Transfer learning via multi-scale convolutional neural layers for human–virus protein–protein interaction prediction
Authors: Yang Xiaodi , Yang Shiping , Lian Xianyi , Wuchty Stefan , Zhang Ziding
Published: July 2021

Motivation

To complement experimental efforts, machine learning-based computational methods are playing an increasingly important role to predict human–virus protein–protein interactions (PPIs). Furthermore, transfer learning can effectively apply prior knowledge obtained from a large source dataset/task to a small target dataset/task, improving prediction performance.

Results

To predict interactions between human and viral proteins, we combine evolutionary sequence profile features with a Siamese convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture and a multi-layer perceptron. Our architecture outperforms various feature encodings-based machine learning and state-of-the-art prediction methods. As our main contribution, we introduce two transfer learning methods (i.e. ‘frozen’ type and ‘fine-tuning’ type) that reliably predict interactions in a target human–virus domain based on training in a source human–virus domain, by retraining CNN layers. Finally, we utilize the ‘frozen’ type transfer learning approach to predict human–SARS-CoV-2 PPIs, indicating that our predictions are topologically and functionally similar to experimentally known interactions.

Availability and implementation

The source codes and datasets are available at https://github.com/XiaodiYangCAU/TransPPI/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Comparing effects and action mechanisms of BPA and BPS on HTR-8/SVneo placental cells
Authors: Profita Marilin , Fabbri Elena , Spisni Enzo , Valbonesi Paola
Published: July 2021

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most investigated compound as a suspected endocrine disrupting chemical. It has been found at nM concentrations in the maternal serum, cord serum, and amniotic fluid and also permeates placental tissues. Attempts are being made to replace BPA with the analog Bisphenol S (BPS). Also BPS was found in maternal and umbilical cord serum, and urine samples from a large population of pregnant women. A few studies investigated BPA impact on the placentation process, and even less are available for BPS. This work aimed to elucidate and compare the effects of BPA and BPS on physiological functions of HTR-8/SVneo cells, derived from extravillous trophoblast of first-trimester pregnancy. Proliferation and migration ability of trophoblast cells were assessed in vitro after exposure to BPA or BPS (10−13–10−3 M). Further, induction of the inflammatory response by the bisphenols was studied. To provide insight into the molecular pathways implicated in the responses, experiments were carried out in the presence or absence of tamoxifen as estrogen receptors (ERs) blocker, and U0126 as ERK1/2 phosphorylation inhibitor. Data indicate that BPA significantly affects both proliferation and migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells, through ER and ERK1/2 mediated processes. Differently, BPS only acts on proliferation, again through ER and ERK1/2 mediated processes. BPS, but not BPA, induces secretion of interleukins 6 and 8. Such effect is inhibited by blocking ERK1/2 phosphorylation. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first data showing that BPS affects trophoblast functions through ER/MAPK modulation.