bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of e-marketplace on the B2b relationships
Authors: Loro Camillo , Mangiaracina Riccardo
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Considering the growing momentum of online marketplaces worldwide, the purpose of this paper is to develop a model to identify the main activities impacted by the implementation of an e-marketplace in the business-to-business relationship and assess the savings on costs for the main actors involved (i.e. manufacturer, distributor and retailer).

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology used in the study is a quantitative one. The analytical model used to evaluate B2b e-marketplace's impacts followed three main steps: (1) model settings and general assumptions, (2) cost structure and (3) model simulation.

Findings

The findings reveal that beyond stock-out costs and inventory levels also other operating costs (i.e. transportation, penalty and administrative costs) play a significant role in determining overall impacts of B2b e-marketplace, and as such should be considered by managers in their process of e-marketplace evaluation, selection and performance optimisation. The model shows that compared with the offline scenario the B2b e-marketplace is expected to bring value to the overall supply chain, which tends to increase as the share of e-sales penetration is increased, ranging from a cost reduction of 0.1% (€ 229.2k) in the base-case of 10% e-sales adoption, up to 0.9% (€ −2.2 M) in case of full e-marketplace adoption.

Originality/value

This study aims to shed light and foster the adoption of B2b e-marketplace by providing some practical tools to support (1) research in future studies, filling the existing gaps on the topic, and (2) managers in the process of adoption and execution of e-sales through online marketplaces.
Self-determination theory and individuals’ intention to participate in donation crowdfunding
Authors: Allah Pitchay Anwar , Aboue Eliz Noha Mamdouh , Ganesan Yuvaraj , Mydin Al-Amin , Ratnasari Ririn Tri , Mohd Thas Thaker Mohamed Asmy
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This study aims to examine the factors that affect individuals’ intention of participating in donation crowdfunding in the context of Oman.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used the self-determination theory. A total of 250 respondents from Oman participated. The data is collected by online survey and analyses by using the partial least squares technique.

Findings

The results illustrate that sense of self-worth, perceived donor effectiveness and moral obligation positively affect donation intention (DI) towards crowdfunding projects. Furthermore, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control positively impact individuals’ intention to contribute to donation crowdfunding.

Originality/value

The results contribute to the literature on donation crowdfunding by identifying the driving forces of individuals’ DI to crowdfunding projects in Oman.
Sociocultural behavioral traits in modelling the prediction of COVID-19 infection rates
Authors: Alba Charles , Mittal Manasvi M.
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Over the past decades, many health authorities and public policy experts have traditionally relied on indicators that are dependent on a nation's economy, its health-care infrastructure advancements, and superiority in biomedical sciences and technology to predict potential infection rates should a health pandemic occur. One such commonly relied-upon indicator was that of the Global Health Security (GHS) Index. However, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shown how such variables prove to be inaccurate in predicting the infection rates during a global health pandemic. Hence, this paper proposes the utilization of socio-cultural behavioral traits to predict a country's COVID-19 infection rates.

Design/methodology/approach

This is achieved by proposing a model involving the classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm and a Poisson regression against the six selected cultural behavioral predictors consisting of individualism, power distance, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation, and indulgence.

Findings

The results show that all the selected cultural behavioral predictors are significant in impacting COVID-19 infection rates. Furthermore, the model outperforms the conventional GHS Index model based on a means squared error comparison.

Research limitations/implications

The authors hope that this study would continue promoting the use of cultures and behaviors in modeling the spread of health diseases.

Practical implications

The authors hope that their works could prove beneficial to public office holders, as well as health experts working in health facilities, in better predicting potential outcomes during a health pandemic, thus allowing them to plan and allocate resources efficiently.

Originality/value

The results are a testament to the fact that sociocultural behavioral traits are more reliant predictors in modeling cross-national infection rates of global health pandemics, like that of COVID-19, as compared to economic-centric indicators.
The aftermath of COVID-19 pandemic period: barriers in implementation of social distancing at workplace
Authors: Abbass Kashif , Niazi Abdul Aziz Khan , Qazi Tehmina Fiaz , Basit Abdul , Song Huaming
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The study aims to investigate the barriers in implementing social distancing at the workplace as an aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic period.

Design/methodology/approach

Study design consists of a review of literature, data collection and analysis. It encompasses identification, verification and analysis of the relationships among the barriers. Data have been collected from a panel of experts on matrix-type questionnaires from workplaces. Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) augmented with “Matrice d' Impacts Croise's Multiplication Appliquée a UN Classement (Cross Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification)” (MICMAC) for structural analysis.

Findings

The literature has identified twenty major barriers to implementing social distancing at the workplace. The research findings reveal/show that the barrier “matter of disrespect” occupies the bottom level in the ISM model. Therefore, it is the most critical barrier; whereas, employees with disabilities and “herding culture” are crucial as they occupy the next lowest level, therefore, are crucial. Moreover, there are ten barriers positioned in the middle of the model having moderate-severe effects, and seven falls on the top level of the model having relatively less severe effects. Results of MICMAC affirm and avow the results of ISM.

Research limitations/implications

The study will have profound theoretical and practical implications for stakeholders since it provides lot of new useful and valuable information, gives relational insights and determines priorities subject to usual limitations of survey research.

Originality/value

It is an original attempt to make some sense of practicability of social distancing for stakeholders including policymakers, frontline health workers and public at large.
Understanding intentions to reduce energy consumption at the workplace by the employees: case of a developing country
Authors: Akhound Amna , Rizvi Aseem Majeed , Ahmed Waqar , Khan Muhammad Nadeem
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Energy-saving behavior of individuals is essential to minimize energy use and reduce the emission of toxic gases. This study's actual focus is to find out the determinants of the energy-saving behavior of individuals in the workplace.

Design/methodology/approach

As a theoretical research model, the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) has been used to analyze the determinants of energy-saving intentions. A survey method is used to collect 289 valid data, and structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to analyze the data.

Findings

The final result shows that the variables attitude at home, subjective norm (SN) and descriptive norms positively impact intention to save energy at the workplace. In contrast, the construct attitude and perceived behavior control is insignificant in this research. On the other hand, the personal moral norm (PMN) is a powerful predictor of individual energy-saving intentions at the workplace.

Originality/value

This research provides insights that will help the organizations understand the behavior of individuals at the workplace for energy-saving intentions to formulate such policies that will enhance individuals' practice for energy savings.
A qualitative study of the label of personality disorder from the perspectives of people with lived experience and occupational experience
Authors: Lamph Gary , Dorothy Jake , Jeynes Tamar , Coak Alison , Jassat Raeesa , Elliott Alison , McKeown Mick , Thornton Tim
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The label “Personality Disorder” continues to divide opinion. Challenges to the terminology of personality disorder led by people with lived experience and supported by critical practitioners and academics are tempered by acknowledgement of certain positive social consequences of obtaining a diagnosis. This study aims to engage service users and staff in a process of inquiry to better understand the complexities of views on the terminology of Personality Disorder.

Design/methodology/approach

This study set out to qualitatively explore the views of a range of people with lived, occupational and dual lived experience/occupational expertise, relating to the diagnostic label of Personality Disorder, via participatory and critical group debate. The World Café approach is an innovative methodology for participatory inquiry into subjective views suited to exploring the contested subject matter.

Findings

This study identified contrasting opinions towards the label of Personality Disorder and provides insight into the concerns described for both keeping and losing the label. Although many felt the words “personality” and “disorder” are not in themselves helpful, certain positive views were also revealed. Perspectives towards the label were influenced by the way in which diagnosis was explained and understood by patients and practitioners, alongside the extent to which service provision and evidence-based interventions were offered.

Research limitations/implications

The findings have the potential to contribute to the ongoing critical debate regarding the value of the Personality Disorder construct in the provision of care and support. Specific emphasis upon the relational framing of care provision offers a means to ameliorate some of the negative impacts of terminology. Perspectives are influenced in the way the label is understood, hence, attention is required to enhance these processes in clinical practice. There is much more study required to overcome stigmatisation, prejudice, and lack of knowledge and understanding. Further research identifying means for challenging stigma and the factors contributing to positive clinical interactions are required.

Originality/value

This study brings together a wide range of views and experiences of mental health professionals, individuals lived experiences and those who align to both lived and occupational expertise. A safe space was provided via the uniquely co-produced World Café research event to bring together discussion and debates from mixed perspectives makes this a novel study. The focus being on perspectives towards contested language, labelling and social impact adds to scholarship in this field.
Is tourism and hospitality education supporting sustainability?
Authors: Berjozkina Galina , Melanthiou Yioula
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Education can provide learners with the necessary awareness, values and skills to understand the complexity of sustainability. This study aims to analyse the extent to which sustainability concepts have been implemented in higher education programmes in the tourism and hospitality fields.

Design/methodology/approach

For the purpose of the current study, data on all tourism and hospitality programmes offered in Cyprus higher education institutions (HEIs) at the Bachelor level was obtained. Analysis was conducted on publicly available programme descriptions, learning outcomes, program content and syllabi and course descriptions.

Findings

The study finds that sustainability concept implementation in undergraduate hospitality and tourism degree programmes is at a developing stage. The majority of the HEI follow trends and offer sustainability courses either as compulsory or elective courses, but concept implementation in programme learning outcomes and programme descriptions is relatively limited.

Originality/value

This paper presents a review of data and evidence on sustainability concept implementation in tourism and hospitality education in Cyprus.
Intra‐couple discordance in preconception syphilis screening for both spouses: a national and population‐based survey in China, 2013–2018
Authors: Zhou Q , Yang Y , Wang L , Chen X , Xu Q , Wang Q , Shen H , Xu Z , Zhang Y , Yan D , Peng Z , He Y , Wang Y , Li X , Ma X
Published: September 2021

Objective

The antenatal screening strategy remains inadequate for eliminating congenital syphilis. To further eliminate maternal fetal transmission, preconception syphilis screening is considered an option. In this study, we investigated syphilis seropositivity and intra‐couple discordance among married couples planning a pregnancy in China to provide essential baseline evidence for preconception syphilis screening.

Design

Population‐based survey.

Setting

National preconception registered data.

Population

Married Chinese couples planning conception within 6 months between 2013 and 2018.

Methods

Syphilis was screened using rapid plasma reagin (RPR); infection self‐reporting and sociodemographic characteristics were collected through questionnaires and medical records, respectively. r 3.2.2 and arcgis 10.2 were used for statistical analyses and geographic mapping.

Main outcome measures

RPR seropositivity.

Results

Among 31 955 041 couples, 29 737 172 (93.06%) had complete RPR results for both spouses; of those, 0.62% (186 100) were seropositive, with dramatic intra‐couple discordance, with 0.33% positivity in wives, 0.24% positivity in husbands and 0.05% positivity in both spouses. Across time, both seropositivity and intra‐couple discordance remained stable. Seropositivity in different regions varied significantly, with provincial rates ranging geographically from Tibet (0.8%) to Hebei (0.2%) (P < 0.05). Economic level was an independent factor for this regional variation, with seropositivity increasing as gross domestic product income decreased (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Intra‐couple discordance in seropositivity for syphilis is notable among couples, with a considerable rate of pre‐existing syphilis before pregnancy. Thus, screening both spouses during integrated preconception health care is recommended for further eliminating maternal–fetal transmission.

Tweetable abstract

Intra‐couple discordance in seropositivity for syphilis is notable among couples, with a considerable rate of pre‐existing syphilis before pregnancy. Screening both spouses during integrated preconception health care is recommended to further eliminate maternal–fetal transmission.
Kinematics of whip spider pedipalps: a 3D comparative morpho‐functional approach
Authors: SCHMIDT Michel , MELZER Roland R. , BICKNELL Russell D. C.
Published: September 2021

Amblypygi are tropical and subtropical ambush predators that use elongated, raptorial pedipalps for different activities. Although pedipalp use in predation and courtship has been explored in videographyin vivoanalyses, kinematicex vivoexamination of these appendages has not been conducted. Here, we rectify this lack of data by using micro‐CT scans to 3D‐kinematically model the appendage morphology and the range of motion (ROM) of the joints forDamon mediusandHeterophrynus elaphus. We illustrate the successful application of this technique to terrestrial euarthropods in determining the maximum ROM values for each pedipalp joint. We also note that, in life, these values would be lower due to motion restricting structures like tendons, arthrodial membranes, and muscles. We further compare our maximum values obtained here with data from video‐based motion analyses. The ROM of each joint shows the greatest flexibility in the femur‐tibia joint (140–150°), the lowest in the basitarsus‐claw joint (35–40°). ROM in the tibia‐basitarsus joint is markedly distinct (D. medius: 44°;H. elaphus: 105°). This disparity reflects howH. elaphususes the joint in the capture basket, whileD. mediususes the femur‐tibia joint to form the capture basket. We further illustrate notable vertical motion of theH. elaphuspedipalp compared toD. medius. This difference reflects the retro‐ventral trochanter apophysis ofH. elaphus. Our study opens the possibility to further whip spider kinematic understanding. Examination of other taxa using this approach will result in a more comprehensive understanding of the ecological significance and ethological implications of this unique arachnid group.
Bridging the gap between microbial limits and extremes in space: space microbial biotechnology in the next 15 years
Authors: Cockell Charles S.
Published: September 2021

The establishment of a permanent human settlement in space is one of humanity’s ambitions. To achieve this, microorganisms will be used to carry out many functions such as recycling, food and pharmaceutical production, mining and other processes. However, the physical and chemical extremes in all locations beyond Earth exceed known growth limits of microbial life. Making microbes more tolerant of a greater range of extraterrestrial extremes will not produce organisms that can grow in unmodified extraterrestrial environments since in many of them not even liquid water can exist. However, by narrowing the gap, the engineering demands on bioindustrial processes can be reduced and greater robustness can be incorporated into the biological component. I identify and describe these required microbial biotechnological modifications and speculate on long‐term possibilities such as microbial biotechnology on Saturn’s moon Titan to support a human presence in the outer Solar System and bioprocessing of asteroids. A challenge for space microbial biotechnology in the coming decades is to narrow the microbial gap by systemically identifying the genes required to do this and incorporating them into microbial systems that can be used to carry out bioindustrial processes of interest.
Effects of within‐ and between‐person assessments of alcohol expectancies and valuations on use and consequences moderated by sex
Authors: Schultz Nicole R. , Graupensperger Scott , Lostutter Ty W.
Published: September 2021

Background

Alcohol expectancies (AE; beliefs about the likelihood of outcomes) and valuations (beliefs about the desirability of outcomes) may help explain alcohol use by young adults. However, it remains unclear how variability in AE and valuations over time are related to alcohol‐related outcomes, and whether these associations are moderated by sex. The current study addressed these gaps in knowledge by examining within‐person variability among positive and negative AEs, valuations, and alcohol‐related outcomes over a 12‐month period.

Methods

Data were collected from 433 college students (Mage = 20.06; 59.81% women) who completed surveys at 4 timepoints: at baseline and 3‐month, 6‐month, and 12‐month follow‐up.

Results

We found substantial within‐person variability in both AE and valuations (intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 50% to 66%), and differences in variability by sex, with women showing more variability than men. Multilevel models revealed that weekly drinking was significantly higher at timepoints in which participants held relatively greater AE for sociability, sexuality, and risk/aggression, but lower when participants expected greater effects on self‐perception. Weekly drinking was also higher when participants reported more favorable valuation of risk/aggression. Participants experienced significantly more negative consequences at timepoints in which they held relatively greater AE for sexuality and self‐perception. No AEs were associated with a reduced likelihood of negative consequences. Participants experienced more negative consequences at timepoints in which they reported more favorable valuation of self‐perception No valuations were associated with fewer consequences. Several between‐ and within‐person associations were moderated by sex.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that AE and valuations are dynamic, that young adults’ beliefs about the effects of alcohol varied over time, and that both negative and positive AE and valuations may be important correlates of alcohol use and consequences. These findings have implications for interventions designed to challenge expectancies and valuations with the goal of reducing alcohol use and associated consequences.
Prevalence of problematic Internet use and its association with quality of life among undergraduate nursing students in the later stage of COVID‐19 pandemic era in China
Authors: Cai Hong , Xi Hai‐Tao , Zhu Qianqian , Wang Zhiwen , Han Lin , Liu Shuo , Bai Wei , Zhao Yan‐Jie , Chen Li , Ge Zong‐Mei , Ji Mengmeng , Zhang Hongyan , Yang Bing Xiang , Chen Pan , Cheung Teris , Ungvari Gabor S. , An Fengrong , Xiang Yu‐Tao
Published: September 2021

Background and Objectives

The prevalence of problematic Internet use (PIU) in the post‐COVID‐19 pandemic era is not known. This cross‐sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of PIU among baccalaureate nursing students (hereafter: nursing students) in the post‐COVID‐19 era.

Methods

A total of 1070 nursing students were consecutively invited to participate in this study from the nursing schools of five universities. PIU and quality of life (QOL) were assessed using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Brief Version (WHOQOL‐BREF), respectively. t Tests, χ2, tests, and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare basic demographic and clinical characteristics between participants with and without PIU. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine independent correlates.

Results

The prevalence of PIU was 23.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.7%–25.8%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that second‐ (p = .024) and third‐year (p = .012) students were more likely to suffer from PIU compared with first year students. Students with more severe depressive (p = .014) and anxiety symptoms (p = .011) were independently and significantly associated with more severe PIU. After controlling for covariates, nursing students with PIU had a lower overall QOL score (p = .002).

Conclusion and Scientific Significance

Problematic Internet use (PIU) was common among nursing students in the post‐COVID‐19 era. Considering the negative impact of PIU on QOL and academic performance, regular screening should be conducted and effective interventions implemented for nursing students with PIU. This was the first study on the prevalence of PIU among nursing students in the post‐COVID‐19 era. The findings of this study could help health professionals and education authorities to understand the patterns of PIU and its influence on QOL among nursing students and to allocate health resources and develop effective measures to reduce the risk of PIU in this population.
Age and signal strength‐related changes in vessel density in the choroid and the retina: an OCT angiography study of the macula and optic disc
Authors: Dastiridou Anna , Kassos Ioannis , Samouilidou Maria , Koutali Despoina , Mataftsi Asimina , Androudi Sofia , Ziakas Nikolaos
Published: September 2021

Purpose

To investigate the effects of ageing and signal strength index (SSI) on vessel density (VD) measurements of the radial peripapillary capillaries (RPC) in the optic disc, the retinal superficial (SCP) and deep (DCP) capillary plexi and the choriocapillaris (CC) of the macular area using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT‐A) imaging.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 138 eyes from 77 healthy participants. High‐definition (HD) disc Angio scan (4.5X4.5 mm) and HD Angio retina scan (6X6 mm) were acquired. Whole image (WI) VDs, inside disc (ID) VD and global and hemifield peripapillary RPC VDs were evaluated from the Angio Disc scans. Global and hemifield VD for the SCP, DCP and CC slab in the macula area were also recorded across different age groups.

Results

Mean age was 48.2 ± 15.0 years (range 25‐82 years). Signal strength index (SSI) was 71.6 ± 7.6 in the macula and 74.6 ± 9.2 in the disc OCT‐A image. VD for both SCP and DCP decreased by 0.084% and 0.188%/year (both p < 0.001). WI VD and ID VD also decreased by 0.037%/year (p = 0.005) and 0.092%/year (p < 0.001). Peripapillary RPC VD did not change with age or SSI. The effect of SSI was significant in SCP, DCP, WI RPC, ID RPC and CC VD. In the generalized estimating equation model testing for both SSI and age, SSI remained significant against SCP, DCP and ID RPC.

Conclusion

With ageing, a decrease in VD in the SCP, DCP, WI and ID RPC, as well as in SSI, is seen. SSI and age are associated with VD changes, but only SSI is the significant variable that explains the variation in the retina microvasculature in the macula and the optic disc in multivariate analysis. In the CC, a larger SSI was associated with a lower VD. These findings underscore the importance of controlling for SSI in future studies using OCT‐A.
Substantial long‐term loss of alpha and gamma diversity of lake invertebrates in a landscape exposed to a drying climate
Authors: Atkinson S. T. , Cale D. , Pinder A. , Chambers J. M. , Halse S. A. , Robson Belinda J.
Published: September 2021

Many regions across the globe are shifting to more arid climates. For shallow lakes, decreasing rainfall volume and timing, changing regional wind patterns and increased evaporation rates alter water regimes so that dry periods occur more frequently and for longer. Drier conditions may affect fauna directly and indirectly through altered physicochemical conditions in lakes. Although many studies have predicted negative effects of such changes on aquatic biodiversity, empirical studies demonstrating these effects are rare. Global warming has caused severe climatic drying in southwestern Australia since the 1970s, so we aimed to determine whether lakes in this region showed impacts on lake hydroperiod, water quality, and α, β and γ diversity of lake invertebrates from 1998 to 2011. Seventeen lakes across a range of salinities were sampled biennially in spring in the Wheatbelt and Great Southern regions of Western Australia. Multivariate analyses were used to identify changes in α, β and γ diversity and examine patterns in physicochemical data. Salinity and average rainfall partially explained patterns in invertebrate richness and assemblage composition. Climatic drying was associated with significant declines in lake depth, increased frequency of dry periods, and reduced α and γ diversity (γ declined from ~300 to ~100 taxa from 1998 to 2011 in the 17 wetlands). In contrast, β diversity remained consistently high, because each lake retained a distinct fauna. Mean α diversity per‐lake declined both in lakes that dried and lakes that did not dry out, but lakes which retained a greater proportion of their maximum depth retained more α diversity. Accumulated losses in α diversity caused the decline in γ diversity likely through shrinking habitat area, fewer stepping stones for dispersal and loss of specific habitat types. Biodiversity loss is thus likely from lakes in drying regions globally. Management actions will need to sustain water depth in lakes to prevent biodiversity loss.
Identification ofksg1mutation showing long‐lived phenotype in fission yeast
Authors: Matsui Kotaro , Okamoto Keisuke , Hasegawa Tomoka , Ohtsuka Hokuto , Shimasaki Takafumi , Ihara Kunio , Goto Yuhei , Aoki Kazuhiro , Aiba Hirofumi
Published: September 2021

Fission yeast is a good model organism for the study of lifespan. To elucidate the mechanism, we screened for long‐lived mutants. We found a nonsense mutation in theksg1+gene, which encodes an ortholog of mammalian PDK1 (phosphoinositide‐dependent protein kinase). The mutation was in the PH domain of Ksg1 and caused defect in membrane localization and protein stability. Analysis of theksg1mutant revealed that the reduced amounts and/or activity of the Ksg1 protein are responsible for the increased lifespan. Ksg1 is essential for growth and known to phosphorylate multiple substrates, but the substrate responsible for the long‐lived phenotype ofksg1mutation is not yet known. Genetic analysis showed that deletion ofpck2suppressed the long‐lived phenotype ofksg1mutant, suggesting that Pck2 might be involved in the lifespan extension caused byksg1mutation.
Effect of red wine or its polyphenols on induced apical periodontitis in rats
Authors: Dal‐Fabbro Renan , Cosme‐Silva Leopoldo , Rezende Silva Martins de Oliveira Fernanda , Capalbo Letícia Cabrera , Plazza Flávia Alfredo , Ervolino Edilson , Cintra Luciano Tavares Angelo , Gomes‐Filho João Eduardo
Published: September 2021

Aim

To evaluate the effect of red wine consumption or its polyphenols on the inflammation/resorption processes associated with apical periodontitis in rats.

Methodology

Thirty‐two three‐month‐old Wistar rats had apical periodontitis induced in four first molars and were then arranged into four groups: control (C)—rats with apical periodontitis; wine (W)—rats with apical periodontitis receiving 4.28 ml/kg of red wine; resveratrol+quercetin (R+Q)—rats with apical periodontitis receiving 4.28 ml/kg of a solution containing 1.00 mg/L of quercetin and 0.86 mg/L of resveratrol and alcohol (ALC)—rats with apical periodontitis receiving the alcoholic dose contained in the wine. The oral gavage treatments were administered daily, from day 0 to day 45. On the 15th day, apical periodontitis was induced, and on the 45th day, the animals were euthanized. Histological, immunohistochemical (RANKL, OPG, TRAP, IL‐10, TNF‐⍺ and IL‐1β) and micro‐computed tomography for bone resorption analysis were performed in the jaws. The Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn's test was performed for nonparametric data, and the anova with Tukey's test for parametric data, p < .05.

Results

The median score of the inflammatory process was significantly lower in the R+Q group (1) compared to the C (2) (p = .0305) and ALC (3) (p = .0003) groups, and not different from the W (1.5) group. The immunolabeling for OPG was significantly higher in the R+Q group (p = .0054) compared to all groups; the same was observed for IL‐10 (p = .0185), different from groups C and ALC. The R+Q group had the lowest TRAP cell count (p < .0001), followed by the W group, both inferior to C and ALC groups. The lowest bone resorption value was in the R+Q group (0.50mm3 ± 0.21mm3), significantly lower (p = .0292) than the C group (0.88mm3 ± 0.10mm3). The W group (0.60 mm3 ± 0.25 mm3) and R+Q group had less bone resorption compared to the ALC group (0.97 mm3 ± 0.22 mm3), p = .0297 and p = .0042, respectively.

Conclusion

Red wine administration to rats for 15 days before induction of apical periodontitis decreased inflammation, TRAP marking and periapical bone resorption compared to alcohol. Resveratrol‐quercetin administration reduced the inflammatory process in apical periodontitis, periapical bone resorption, and altered the OPG, IL‐10 and TRAP expression compared to C and ALC groups.
Laser pyrolyzed organosilazane‐based Al/ZrO2 composite coating on stainless steel: Resulting microstructure and mechanical properties
Authors: Horcher Alexander , Tangermann‐Gerk Katja , Krenkel Walter , Schmidt Michael , Bordia Rajendra K. , Motz Günter
Published: September 2021

Protective ceramic‐based coatings are frequently the most suitable solutions for problems like corrosion and wear. It has been shown that the precursor technology is suitable for the preparation of ceramic coatings by pyrolysis in a furnace. However, the required high temperature for the preparation of the ceramic coatings limits this approach to high temperature‐resistant substrates. A very innovative approach to overcome this restriction is the use of laser radiation as a thermal source for the pyrolysis of the preceramic polymer. In this paper, we report on a coating system, for steel substrates, consisting of a polysilazane (Durazane 2250) bond coat and a hard and dense top‐coat composed of an organosilazane (Durazane 1800) with tetragonal ZrO2 particles and aluminum flakes as fillers pyrolyzed using Nd:YVO4 laser. The aluminum fillers led to a significant increase in absorption of the laser energy leading to the formation of a dense coating with a thickness up to 20 μm and a mainly cellular/columnar‐dendritic microstructure. The microstructure, mechanical, and tribological behaviors of these composite coatings are reported and compared to those of laser pyrolyzed glass/ZrO2‐filled polysilazane‐based coatings reported in the literature.
Impact of coinfection status and comorbidity on disease severity in adult emergency department patients with influenza B
Authors: Zapf Alexander J. , Hardick Justin , McBryde Breana , Sauer Lauren M. , Fenstermacher Katherine Z. J. , Ricketts Erin P. , Lin Yi‐Chin , Chen Kuan‐Fu , Hsieh Yu‐Hsiang , Dugas Andrea , Shaw‐Saliba Kathryn , Pekosz Andrew , Gaydos Charlotte A. , Rothman Richard E. ,   Emergency Department National Network Influenza Investigators
Published: September 2021

Background

Influenza B accounts for approximately one fourth of the seasonal influenza burden. However, research on the importance of influenza B has received less attention compared to influenza A. We sought to describe the association of both coinfections and comorbidities with disease severity among adults presenting to emergency departments (ED) with influenza B.

Methods

Nasopharyngeal samples from patients found to be influenza B positive in four US and three Taiwanese ED over four consecutive influenza seasons (2014–2018) were tested for coinfections with the ePlex RP RUO panel. Multivariable logistic regressions were fitted to model adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for two severity outcomes separately: hospitalization and pneumonia diagnosis. Adjusting for demographic factors, underlying health conditions, and the National Early Warning Score (NEWS), we estimated the association of upper respiratory coinfections and comorbidity with disease severity (including hospitalization or pneumonia).

Results

Amongst all influenza B positive individuals (n = 446), presence of another upper respiratory pathogen was associated with an increased likelihood of hospitalization (aOR = 2.99 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.14–7.85, p = 0.026]) and pneumonia (aOR = 2.27 [95% CI: 1.25–4.09, p = 0.007]). Chronic lung diseases (CLD) were the strongest predictor for hospitalization (aOR = 3.43 [95% CI: 2.98–3.95, p < 0.001]), but not for pneumonia (aOR = 1.73 [95% CI: 0.80–3.78, p = 0.166]).

Conclusion

Amongst ED patients infected with influenza B, the presence of other upper respiratory pathogens was independently associated with both hospitalization and pneumonia; presence of CLD was also associated with hospitalization. These findings may be informative for ED clinician's in managing patients infected with influenza B.
Fabrication of dense SiSiC ceramics by a hybrid additive manufacturing process
Authors: Pelanconi Marco , Bianchi Giovanni , Colombo Paolo , Ortona Alberto
Published: September 2021

In this work, we report the fabrication of Silicon infiltrated Silicon Carbide (SiSiC) components by a hybrid additive manufacturing process. Selective laser sintering of polyamide powders was used to 3D print a polymeric preform with controlled relative density, which allows manufacturing geometrically complex parts with small features. Preceramic polymer infiltration with a silicon carbide precursor followed by pyrolysis (PIP) was used to convert the preform into an amorphous SiC ceramic, and five PIP cycles were performed to increase the relative density of the part. The final densification was achieved via liquid silicon infiltration (LSI) at 1500°C, obtaining a SiSiC ceramic component without change of size and shape distortion. The crystallization of the previously generated SiC phase, with associated volume change, allowed to fully infiltrate the part leading to an almost fully dense material consisting of β‐SiC and Si in the volume fraction of 45% and 55% respectively. The advantage of this approach is the possibility of manufacturing SiSiC ceramics directly from the preceramic precursor, without the need of adding ceramic powder to the infiltrating solution. This can be seen as an alternative AM approach to Binder jetting and direct ink writing for the production of templates to be further processed by silicon infiltration.
Relaxed selection on male mitochondrial genes in DUI bivalves eases the need for mitonuclear coevolution
Authors: Maeda Gerald P. , Iannello Mariangela , McConie Hunter J. , Ghiselli Fabrizio , Havird Justin C.
Published: September 2021

Mitonuclear coevolution is an important prerequisite for efficient energy production in eukaryotes. However, many bivalve taxa experience doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) and have sex‐specific mitochondrial (mt) genomes, providing a challenge for mitonuclear coevolution. We examined possible mechanisms to reconcile mitonuclear coevolution with DUI. No nuclear‐encoded, sex‐specific OXPHOS paralogs were found in the DUI clam Ruditapes philippinarum, refuting OXPHOS paralogy as a solution in this species. It is also unlikely that mt changes causing disruption of nuclear interactions are strongly selected against because sex‐specific mt‐residues or those under positive selection in M mt genes were not depleted for contacting nuclear‐encoded residues. However, M genomes showed consistently higher dN/dS ratios compared to putatively ancestral F genomes in all mt OXPHOS genes and across all DUI species. Further analyses indicated that this was consistently due to relaxed, not positive selection on M vs. F mt OXPHOS genes. Similarly, selection was relaxed on the F genome of DUI species compared to species with strict maternal inheritance. Coupled with recent physiological and molecular evolution studies, we suggest that relaxed selection on M mt function limits the need to maintain mitonuclear interactions in M genomes compared to F genomes. We discuss our findings with regard to OXPHOS function and the origin of DUI.
Do the telomere ends justify the physical means?
Authors: Pignolo Robert J. , Johnson F. Brad
Published: September 2021

This editorial comments on the article by Valente et al.
Comparison of the fish functional arrangement of two contrasting localities in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Aguilar‐Medrano Rosalía , Blanqueto‐Manzanero María D. , Vega‐Cendejas María E.
Published: September 2021

A central objective of ecological research is to understand the causes and links of diversity. Trophic and morphological variation has been recognized as the baseline to determine communities’ functional arrangement; however, few morphological structures have been explored. In the present study, the fish assemblage of two contrasting localities within the Gulf of Mexico, the Campeche Bank (CB) and the Perdido Fold Belt (PFB), was examined to (1) analyse and compare the size, weight, trophic, and morphological (fish body and otolith) variation and (2) test if the otoliths morphological variation can be used to estimate the fish‐body variation. Fish and otolith size, fish and stomach–intestine weight, and stomach content were determined and geometric morphometric methods were applied to the fish body and otoliths. The fish body shows a relationship with the weight measurement and the otolith size, no differences in these variables were found between the two localities. In both localities Annelida, Mollusca, Osteichthyes, and Crustacean are the most common preys; however, the CB assemblage was more diverse in both diet and morphology and six trophic groups and 18 ecomorphological groups were determined, while in PFB, four trophic groups and 13 ecomorphological groups were determined. Finally, according to the morphological comparison in both localities, the otolith variation can be used to estimate the fish‐body morphological diversity. This study reports important information in the understanding of the links between morphological structures and highlights the importance of the otoliths as a morphological variable that reflects a wide range of ecomorphological variation of the fish body.
Miller Range 07687 and its place within the CM‐CO clan
Authors: Prestgard Trygve , Bonal Lydie , Eschrig Jolantha , Gattacceca Jérôme , Sonzogni Corinne , Beck Pierre
Published: September 2021

Miller Range (MIL) 07687 is a peculiar carbonaceous chondrite officially classified as a CO3. However, it has been found to display unique petrographic properties that are atypical of this group. Moreover, Raman spectra of its polyaromatic carbonaceous matter do not reflect a structural order consistent with the metamorphic history of a type 3 chondrite. As a result, it has been suggested to be an ungrouped C2 chondrite with CO affinities, although it has not been fully excluded as a CO chondrite. The ambiguity of the meteorite’s classification is the motivation behind the present study. We conclude that MIL 07687 is a unique carbonaceous chondrite with possible affinities to CO, CM, and/or some ungrouped carbonaceous chondrites. The difficulty in classifying this meteorite stems from (1) its heavily weathered nature, which interferes with the interpretation of our oxygen (O‐)isotopic measurements; (2) the overlap in the petrographic and O‐isotopic descriptions of various COs, CMs, and ungrouped meteorites in the Meteoritical Society Database. Optical and infrared spectra are consistent with the meteorite’s unequilibrated nature and indicate that it is probably mildly aqueously altered. Despite traces of aqueous alteration having previously been described in MIL 07687, this is the first time that the presence of hydrated amorphous silicates is reported. In fact, our results show that its present hydration is beyond that of most CO3s, less than most CM2s, and comparable to primitive CR2s. Consequently, we support the meteorite’s C2‐ung label, although a CO2 or CM2 classification cannot be fully excluded.
Reappraisal of the historical myopia epidemic in native Arctic communities
Authors: Rozema Jos J , Boulet Charles , Cohen Yuval , Stell William K , Iribarren Luciano , van Rens Ger H M B , Iribarren Rafael
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This study was developed to explain the extraordinary rise in myopia prevalence beginning after 1950 in Indigenous Arctic communities considering recent findings about the risk factors for school myopia development. Myopia prevalence changed drastically from a historical low of less than 3% to more than 50% in new generations of young adults following the Second World War. At that time, this increase was attributed to concurrent alterations in the environment and way of life which occurred in an aggressive programme of de‐culturalization and re‐acculturation through residential school programmes that introduced mental, emotional and physical stressors. However, the predominant idea that myopia was genetic in nature won the discussion of the day, and research in the area of environmental changes was dismissed. There may have also been an association between myopia progression and the introduction of extreme mental, emotional and physical stressors at the time.

Recent findings

Since 1978, animal models of myopia have demonstrated that myopiagenesis has a strong environmental component. Furthermore, multiple studies in human populations have shown since 2005 how myopia could be produced by a combination of limited exposure to the outdoors and heavy emphasis on academic subjects associated with intense reading habits. This new knowledge was applied in the present study to unravel the causes of the historical myopia epidemics in Inuit communities.

After reviewing the available published data on myopia prevalence in circumpolar Inuit populations in the 20th century, the most likely causes for the Inuit myopia epidemic were the combination of increased near work (from almost none to daily reading) and the move from a mostly outdoor to a much more indoor way of life, exacerbated by fewer hours of sunshine during waking hours, the lower illuminance in the Arctic and the extreme psychophysical stress due to the conditions in the Residential Schools.
Social media use and prospective suicidal thoughts and behaviors among adolescents at high risk for suicide
Authors: Hamilton Jessica L. , Biernesser Candice , Moreno Megan A. , Porta Giovanna , Hamilton Edward , Johnson Kelsey , Poling Kimberly D. , Sakolsky Dara , Brent David A. , Goldstein Tina G.
Published: September 2021

Objective

To examine the relationship between social media use and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among adolescents in the first 30 days of an intensive outpatient program (IOP) for depression and suicidality.

Method

Participants included 100 adolescents who enrolled in an IOP for depression and suicidality and completed baseline measures of social media and weekly measures of depression and suicidal thoughts and behaviors at clinical visits over the next month.

Results

Lower levels of social media use (overall and messaging) were associated with a greater likelihood of having suicidal ideation with plan over the next 30 days. There was no effect on suicidal behavior. Multilevel modeling indicated no main effects of social media use on depression or average days of suicidal thoughts. However, individuals with lower levels of social media use maintained more depression symptoms and days with passive death wish across the first month of treatment.

Conclusions

Among adolescents at high risk for suicide, less engagement in social media may reflect social anhedonia or withdrawal, which may heighten risk for more severe suicidal ideation or impede initial treatment. Findings highlight the importance of considering social media as an additional context when assessing social dysfunction in treatment for depression and suicidality.
Short‐wavelength Bouguer gravity anomaly and active fault distribution in the northeastern Japan arc
Authors: Hirano Mitsuhiro , Nagahama Hiroyuki , Muto Jun
Published: September 2021

In the northeastern (NE) Japan arc, active faults have a characteristic effect upon the short‐wavelength Bouguer anomaly (SWBA). Here, we create a SWBA map based on the Fourier analysis of the latest gravity dataset and evaluate the relationship between the SWBA and active faults in the arc. Ultimately, we found that active faults are associated with negative regions or grooves in the SWBA and that the SWBA does not clearly depend on underlying geology in the arc. Accumulated volumetric strain caused by faulting in the crust over the past 3 Ma of geological time has generated these negative gravity anomalies, estimated at around ‒10 mGal at a maximum. Strain concentration zones can have negative zones of gravity anomaly affecting the patterns of the SWBA throughout in the arc, and the SWBA reflects the amount of crustal deformation with the curvature.