bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Level of development, foreign direct investment and domestic investment in food manufacturing
Authors: Djokoto Justice Gameli
Published: February 2021

Background:Whilst the literature on the complementarity and substitutability of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic investment (DI) is not uncommon, the facet of food manufacturing is non-existent. This paper fills this void by investigating the effect of FDI on DI in the food manufacturing sector for developing, economies in transition and developed countries.

Methods:Using an unbalanced panel data of 49 countries from 1993 to 2016, from FAOSTAT, estimated by the system generalised method of moments (GMM), the Wald statistics for the short and long-run effects of FDI on DI were computed for the development groups.

Results:Developed economies experienced a crowd-out effect of FDI on DI in the short run, whilst the others experienced no significant effect. In the case of the long run, food manufacturing sectors of all three development groups exhibited a crowd-out effect. The effect in the long run for all development groups together is a crowd-in. Analysing all country groups together could mask the results of the various country groups.

Conclusions:A review of investment policies to priorities FDI entry mode that favour domestic investment is needed. Improvement of the investment regulatory and administrative efficiency among others are recommended.
¡Cómo Hemos Cambiado! Medio Siglo de Escuela en España (1970-2020).
Authors: López Martín Ramón
Published: February 2021

On the eve of a new educational reform, we are commemorating the anniversary of the General Law of Education, a historic moment that marked a break with the previous scholar tradition. The objective of this work is to review the changes that the school has experienced in the last fifty years. Being aware of the impossibility of draining the subject, we focus on the fundamental aspects of each change that school models bring about and the various teaching styles that support them. We address the “school of critical rationality” of the 70s and 80s, based on the principles of “comprehensive pedagogy” and the search for educational performance, provided by the General Law of Education (LGE); the “school of transversality” of the 90s, under the approach of teaching models focused on student learning and the “cognitive pedagogy of constructivism” of the Law of General Organization of the Educational System (LOGSE); the “school of competences”, from the second half of the first decade of the century, linked to more alternative pedagogical theories and the approaches of the Organic Law of Education (LOE): and, in a prospective analysis of the future, the “digital school” that emerges over the horizon, with the inexcusable preeminence of virtuality as a pedagogical resource in the teaching-learning processes.
La Educación Cívica En España. Cinco Últimas Décadas De Vicisitudes Legislativas.
Authors: Arbués Radigales Elena , Naval Durán Concepción
Published: February 2021

It is obvious that schools can exert a great influence as appropriate areas to foster a fairer and more equitable society, with greater moral, civic and political commitment among citizens. Civic education contributes to this end and, therefore, it has been introduced -with different appellations- in the curriculums of most Western countries to facilitate citizens the assumption of their rights and responsibilities. This is considered as one way of transmitting the necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes for young people to become active citizens with the capacity to build the future for our democratic societies. The education reforms performed in different countries highlight the need for citizenship education by advocating for their incorporation in the syllabus. The objective of this article is to point out the attention that civic education has received in Spain, specially from the implementation of the 1970 General Education Act. To do so, the successive reforms that have been introduced until today are analyzed. We ask ourselves whether these curricular reforms succeed in improving the civic competence of our students. As a main conclusion it has been established that a discourse supporting democracy, social responsibility, interculturalism and civic participation can only be effective with the commitment of the teaching staff, family and society as a whole.
Pedagogía del Pensamiento Computacional desde la Psicología: un Pensamiento para Resolver Problemas.
Authors: Ortega-Ruipérez Beatriz
Published: February 2021

Computational thinking should be understood as problem-solving thinking, beyond its link to programming. Therefore, it is necessary to address this thought’s structure through its cognitive processes to obtain an operational definition that allows this thought’s pedagogy to be adequately addressed in the classroom, regardless its development source. In this article, five processes inherent to this thought are determined, identifying only those that are always used. These processes are operatively defined from a psychological and a pedagogical perspective. The processes are abstraction, generalization, evaluation, creation of algorithms and decomposition of the problem. The first four processes present an inherent relation to problem-solving that can be verified, while, the last one, decomposition, can be considered not fundamental in problem solving and, therefore, linked to computational thinking. The performed analysis and categorization prove that decomposition is the key and central process of computational thinking. Therefore, computational thinking teaching must always be approached from the decomposition of problems or tasks that allow the simplification of the rest of the processes involved. This should involve different resources such as programming, playing games, problem-solving, or the creation of projects.
Prior Beliefs and Ambiguity Attitudes in Decision from Experience
Authors: Aydogan Ilke
Published: February 2021

Prior beliefs and their updating play a crucial role in decisions under uncertainty, and theories about them have been well established in classical Bayesianism. Yet, they are almost absent for ambiguous decisions from experience. This paper proposes a new decision model that incorporates the role of prior beliefs, beyond the role of ambiguity attitudes, into the analysis of such decisions. Hence, it connects ambiguity theories, popular in economics, with decision from experience, popular (mostly) in psychology, to the benefit of both. A reanalysis of some existing data sets from the literature on decisions from experience shows that the model that incorporates prior beliefs into the estimation of subjective probabilities outperforms the commonly used model that approximates subjective probabilities with observed relative frequencies. Controlling for subjective priors, we obtain more accurate measurements of ambiguity attitudes, and thus a new explanation of the gap between decision from description and decision from experience.

This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, decision analysis.
Ruínas futuristas do Cinema Brasileiro Contemporâneo
Authors: De Almeida Ana Caroline
Published: February 2021

Parte do cinema brasileiro pensado e elaborado nos anos 2010 produziu gestos sintomáticos da corrida desenvolvimentista e imobiliária em grandes cidades brasileiras a partir de leituras temporais não-lineares. A partir de uma constelação de imagens acionadas por um grupo de cinco filmes, este artigo busca aproximar sequências a partir de três conceitos temporais distintos: a perspectiva ecobiótica andina de tempo (YAMPARA, 2010), o tempo espiralar em rituais do Congado (MARTINS, 2002) e o tempo Exu (SODRÉ, 2017). Com eles, é possível percebemos parte do cinema brasileiro revelando, em suas cidades, a estrutura fóssil em projetos de futuro.
Ensaio Visual - Memórias do microespaço
Authors: Azambuja Patrícia
Published: February 2021

Se o "olhar colonial" tem poder de restringir o pensamento, seria a "decolonialidade" o exercício de liberdade que tanto imaginei para a minha própria existência?  Talvez eu não seja a responsável pela criação do imaginário que permeia o meu cotidiano até então; mas seria possível tornar-me detentora dessa porção imaginativa da vida a partir de agora? Se o medo da estagnação assombra os meus dias, e temer não pode ser a saída, imaginar sim, mobiliza! Construir um repertório a partir das minhas próprias experiências, ou através do conhecimento de quem sou de fato, é resgate. É libertário e possível.
A descolonização do olhar a partir do cinema de Lilian Solá Santiago
Authors: Moura Mendes Guilherme Andrielle Cristina , Carvalho Denise , Lacerda Juciano
Published: February 2021

Apresenta-se uma análise fílmica do videodocumentário Roda o Tererê com vistas a investigar se e como o filme dirigido pela cineasta brasileira Lilian Solá Santiago contribui para uma descolonização do olhar, da estética e da política das imagens. Interessa identificar até que ponto o videodocumentário tensiona o regime de visibilidade dominante na sociedade nacional problematizado por teóricos localizados fora do eixo cultural da Europa (GONZALEZ, 2011; BORGES, 2018; NASCIMENTO, 2016). Conclui-se que, ao inscrever-se enquanto cineasta, Lilian Santiago não transforma a sua câmera apenas em voz; transforma o microfone em ouvido, e faz dele uma caixa de ressonância para que as pessoas ouçam e vejam aqueles que vem sendo historicamente apagados dos espaços do aparecer.
Ensaio Visual - O Encontro Etnográfico em Do Outro Lado do Atlântico
Authors: Mourão Daniele Ellery , Carneiro Câmara Marcio Elísio
Published: February 2021

O ensaio visual pretende refletir sobre o processo de realização do documentário Do Outro Lado do Atlântico, com estudantes de Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa (PALOP) no Brasil, a partir da ideia de um “encontro etnográfico” com os personagens do filme. Traz uma reflexão sobre a abordagem dos documentários de busca, e seus processos de subjetivação, ao mesmo tempo que busca reafirmar uma postura contra-colonial e antirracista, desconstruindo imaginários visuais de raça, subalternidade e estereótipos de África.
A retomada crítica da história indígena em Nuestra voz de tierra, memoria y futuro
Authors: Guimarães César Geraldo , Flores Luís
Published: February 2021

Este artigo busca demonstrar de que modo a escritura fílmica de Nuestra voz de tierra, memoria y futuro (1974-1982), de Marta Rodríguez e Jorge Silva, mobiliza uma atitude estética decolonial. Para isso, o texto analisa os principais procedimentos expressivos utilizados pela dupla de cineastas: a mise en scène partilhada com indígenas e camponeses da região do Cauca, na Colômbia, reunindo depoimentos e fabulações, e as operações da montagem voltadas para a desconstrução dos significantes coloniais.
Ensaio visual - Construindo narrativas como dispositivo de reexistência
Authors: Ferreira Laiza
Published: February 2021

A série tece caminhos imaginários cósmicos e políticos onde recrio a nossa existência.O árduo processo de cura está inserido nesse campo de força ancestral. A criação é uma estratégia de sobrevivência. O multidimensional como ruptura da linearidade para pensar a nossa reconstrução. É através de nossas complexidades que formamos constelações na precariedade. A trajetória indisciplinar se articula contra as estruturas verticais coloniais.
TECNOLOGIAS NO PROCESSO DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO NOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Da Costa Renato Pinheiro , Cassimiro Élida Estevão , Da Silva Rozinaldo Ribeiro
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho apresenta como tema o uso das tecnologias no desenvolvimento do processo de alfabetização nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, objetiva compreender como as tecnologias contribuem para o desenvolvimento do processo de alfabetização nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, além de identificar as tecnologias mais utilizadas como metodologias de ensino no processo de alfabetização. No tocante da discussão foi possível identificar as tecnologias mais utilizadas como metodologias de ensino no processo de alfabetização e ao mesmo tempo, relatar os obstáculos existentes na prática educativa, quanto à utilização das tecnologias pelos professores na sala de aula destacando a importância dos materiais educativos digitais e práticas pedagógicas inovadoras para aperfeiçoar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem na alfabetização. Como metodologia pautamo-nos no método de pesquisa qualitativa com ênfase na pesquisa bibliográfica, onde autores como Santos (2010), Didonet (2003), Kenski (2011), Moran (2006) e Maesta (2011), foram utilizados como aporte teórico. Desse modo considerou-se que a tecnologia aplicada ao ensino escolar visa à consolidação da prática educativa de qualidade e promoção da democratização ao acesso à informação e ao conhecimento, além de melhorar os resultados diante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem no ensino fundamental.
OS DILEMAS DO ENSINO DE COMUNICAÇÃO NA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Monteiro Gilson Vieira
Published: February 2021

Este artigo, quase um ensaio, contém algumas reflexões sobre os olhares e dilemas do ensino de Comunicação, registrando as idas e vindas, principalmente, do curso de Comunicação Social da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), até se chegar à criação do Curso Bacharelado em de Mídias Digitais, da Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia (UFSB), no Centro de Formação em Desenvolvimento Territorial (CFDT) do Campus Paulo Freire (CPF). É, mais que tudo, um conjunto de reflexões de quem tem 28 anos de experiência na docência superior em cursos de Graduação e Pós-graduação e se preocupa com os rumos que o ensino de Comunicação, especificamente de jornalismo, tomaram, nos últimos anos.
PEDAGOGIAS MEMÉTICAS EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: De Jesus Oliveira Kaio Eduardo
Published: February 2021

Os memes na cultura digital materializam a função pedagógica da comicidade e do humor em nosso tempo. Isso ajuda a explicar como a propagação dos mais variados tipos de memes replicados a partir de temáticas inerentes ao cenário pandêmico provocado pela viralização do Novo Corona vírus em 2020 produziram sentidos e subjetividades. Os memes incorporam a construção discursiva deste cenário, conectando-nos em nossos isolamentos, reforçando questões indenitárias, produzindo pedagogias e situações de aprendizagem. Não, obstante enquanto dispositivos comunicacionais da cultura digital, a capacidade pedagógica dos memes, mesmo que limitada, em sua profundidade, mostra-se inquestionável em termos de eficácia. Sendo assim, por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa este artigo como objetivo geral analisar a atuação dos memes na comunicação e na formação da opinião publica na internet durante a pandemia de Covid-19.
O PAPEL DA PRODUÇÃO TEXTUAL NA EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS: O LIVRO DIDÁTICO EM ANÁLISE
Authors: Merli Rafaela Cristine , Santana Andreia Cunha Malheiros
Published: February 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar duas propostas de produção textual presentes no livro didático Caminhar e Transformar (Ferreira, 2013), destinado às séries finais do ensino fundamental, na modalidade da Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Para tal análise, foi elaborada uma ficha baseada na concepção de ensino presente nos PCN (Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais) e na BNCC (Base Nacional Comum Curricular) e na contribuição de autores que trabalham com o livro didático, com o ensino e com a linguagem, entre eles Marcuschi (2008) e Bakhtin (1981). Este artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, predominantemente descritiva, com uma abordagem interpretativista. A partir da análise realizada, foi possível constatar que as propostas estão organizadas por gêneros e que a tecnologia e os gêneros digitais, tal como os gêneros orais, foram mal aproveitados.
CORPO, TEMA E O ESPAÇO DA SALA DE AULA
Authors: Rocha de Lima Hélio Junior
Published: February 2021

Esta pesquisa visa instigar reflexões sobre experiências no âmbito da sala de aula nos estudos e dinâmicas do componente curricular corpo, movimento e ludicidade do curso de pedagogia. Considerando o caráter intersubjetivo do tema, o professor pesquisador tece observações sobre o desdobramento das aulas com alusão aos estudos introdutórios teórico-práticos do teatro-imagem, proposto por Augusto Boal, e dos movimentos cotidianos e espontâneos elucidados por Rudolf von Laban atravessados por abordagens sobre o tema  nos estudos de Paulo Freire, Nickel, Marques e Lima. Verifica-se que a discussão do corpo e movimento, como ação, como atitude no cotidiano, faz emergir questões reveladoras de conhecimento e negação da linguagem corporal em tempos de distanciamento social.
CARTAS MÁGICAS A 801 – O PIBID E A INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE
Authors: Thomé Talyta Teixeira , Martins Pedro Larissa , Martins De March Sônia , Arns Silveira Daniela , Rossa de Souza Manuela
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho apresenta as experiências no PIBID de acadêmicas do curso de licenciatura em Letras - Língua Portuguesa na UNESC. Tal projeto, de caráter interdisciplinar, foi realizado na escola Pascoal Meller, em Criciúma, SC. Foi abordado com os alunos o gênero textual cartas, apresentando sua história, desenvolvimento e utilização, além de ter sido explanado os diversos tipos de cartas e outras curiosidades afins. O projeto teve como pano de fundo o universo de Harry Potter, garantindo aos encontros um pouco de ludicidade e dinâmica. Todo o projeto tinha como intuito produzir um saber plural e interdisciplinar, distanciando um pouco de muitas práticas escolares que acabam por prender-se em uma só esfera do conhecimento, deixando de criar pontes com as outras áreas do saber.
BRUNA E A GALINHA DANGOLA: UMA PROPOSTA DE VALORIZAÇÃO DA CULTURA AFRICANA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL, ATRAVÉS DA LITERATURA
Authors: Souza Sylvia Soares de
Published: February 2021

Este artigo é um recorte de minha dissertação intitulada: Personagens negras[i] (XXXXX, 2019) na qual analiso três obras literárias com protagonistas negras como propostas de reeducação das relações raciais na educação infantil. Para este trabalho, abordaremos especificamente a obra Bruna e a Galinha D´Angola (ALMEIDA, 2012) que tematiza a cultura africana. A investigação se dá em diálogo com a Lei 10.639/03, assim como, com as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil (2010). Destaco, também, os referenciais teóricos de interseccionalidade dos feminismos negros e decoloniais, problematizando, raça, gênero e classe tanto na literatura, quanto na educação infantil e no mercado editorial.[i] Título e referências da dissertação fictícios para evitar a identificação do autor.
Shared electronic care coordination systems following referral to hospice
Authors: Sampey Libby , Finucane Anne M , Spiller Juliet
Published: February 2021

In Scotland, the Key Information Summary (KIS) enables health providers to access key patient information to guide decision-making out-of-hours. KISs are generated in primary care and rely on information from other teams, such as community specialist palliative care teams (CSPCTs), to keep them up-to-date. This study involved a service evaluation consisting of case note reviews of new referrals to a CSPCT and semi-structured interviews with palliative care community nurse specialists (CNSs) regarding their perspectives on KISs. Some 44 case notes were examined, and 77% of patients had a KIS on CSPCT referral. One-month post-referral, all those re-examined (n=17) had a KIS, and 59% KISs had been updated following CNS assessments. CNSs cited anticipatory care planning (ACP) as the most useful aspect of KIS, and the majority of CNSs said they would appreciate KIS editing access. A system allowing CNSs to update KISs would be acceptable to CNSs, as it could facilitate care co-ordination and potentially improve comprehensiveness of ACP information held in KISs.
A mirror image: experiences of informal carers caring for frail, older persons at risk from falling
Authors: Lees Carolyn , O'Brien Thomas , Maganaris Constantinos
Published: February 2021

Falls can lead to social isolation, anxiety and depression for those who fall, although little is known about how informal carers manage those at risk from falling at home. This study aimed to explore the experiences of informal carers who care for frail, older people at risk from falling at home. A qualitative study using thematic analysis was conducted for this purpose. Data were collected via one-to-one, semi-structured interviews. Informal carers experienced social isolation, significant adjustments to their working lives, a fear of further falls, tiredness, anxiety and depression. These findings mirror previous observations, which have found that falling is a predictor of both physical and psychological changes, although in those who fall rather than those who care for them. This highlights the need for both health and social care services to identify the impact of care recipient falls on the informal carer.
‘Teaching: individual’ to improve adherence in hypertension and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Parra Dora Inés , Guevara Sandra Lucrecia Romero , Rojas Lyda Z
Published: February 2021

Educational interventions with a multifaceted approach have proven effective to improve adherence to therapeutic regimens in people with chronic diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a nursing intervention involving individual teaching compared with usual care to improve adherence with therapeutic regimens in people with hypertension and/or type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This was a parallel randomised two-arm clinical trial in 200 patients from a primary care programme. After 6 months of follow-up, there was a significant improvement in treatment adherence with a score of 0.87 (95% CI 0.30 to 1.44) on a 13 point scale, and an average reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 3.79 mmHg (95% CI: –6.85 to –0.73) in the intervention group, but not in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (–0.16% 95% CI: –0.41 to 0.09). The individual teaching intervention was effective in improving therapeutic adherence and improving blood pressure values among the participants from the primary care programme.
Reflection and mental health nursing. Part seven: reflection as a tool for teaching and learning
Authors: Fowler John
Published: February 2021

Reflection is an important skill in the armoury of the mental health nurse. Most nurses are familiar with its use in the review and development of their clinical client-centred practice; however, its use for the nurse's own development is less well appreciated. The author highlights how the elements of a reflective learning process can be used by the clinically based nurse to enhance the support of their students' learning. The principles of reflection before, during and after action are then explored as a tool in enhancing the clinician's own experiential learning, examining the dynamic relationship between experience and reflection.
Line graphs of complex unit gain graphs with least eigenvalue -2
Authors: Brunetti Maurizio , Belardo Francesco
Published: February 2021

Let $\mathbb T$ be the multiplicative group of complex units, and let $\mathcal L (\Phi)$ denote a line graph of a $\mathbb{T}$-gain graph $\Phi$. Similarly to what happens in the context of signed graphs, the real number $\min Spec(A(\mathcal L (\Phi))$, that is, the smallest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of $\mathcal L(\Phi)$, is not less than $-2$. The structural conditions on $\Phi$ ensuring that $\min Spec(A(\mathcal L (\Phi))=-2$ are identified. When such conditions are fulfilled, bases of the $-2$-eigenspace are constructed with the aid of the star complement technique.
JOSÉ MARÍA VARGAS VILA, DEFENSOR DE LA CONSTITUCIÓN DE RIONEGRO
Authors: Triviño Anzola Consuelo
Published: February 2021

After the independence and the creation of the New Granada in 1819, the young Latin American republics continued faced disputing power. The caudillos spent their energies in partisan struggles because personal, group, class and ethnic interests overlapped, often under romantic formulations. Between chaos and order, 14 constitutions were drafted in Colombia until reaching the Rionegro Constitution of 1863. Promulgated by the leaders of Radical Liberalism, it went too far in its pursuit of utopia. Federalism, defense of individual freedoms, abolition of the death penalty, freedom of press and separation of the Church and the State are some of its most important conquests, but the consequences of its extremes triggered bloody civil wars. In the heat of these disputes arises José María Vargas Vila (1860-1933), the famous pamphleteer, who enlisted in the ranks of Radical Liberalism defending constitutional rights. This article exposes the position of a Colombian liberal intellectual in face of period called Regeneration that seeks to impose peace and order in Colombia restricting the freedoms and rights granted by the Rionegro Constitution.
RECUPERANDO LOS RECUERDOS DE CRISTÓBAL TRIANA: UN ACERCAMIENTO CRÍTICO A LA DESAPARICIÓN FORZADA DESDE LA POSMEMORIA
Authors: Triana Cuevas Tania Camila
Published: February 2021

This article studies the trauma in the family memory caused by the state’s violence, the result of the crimes of forced disappearances. Based on the study of Cristobal Triana’s family, approach forms are being analysed taking into consideration the art and the criticism of the missing person, within the framework of the concept of post memory given by Marianne Hirsch and with the aim of getting closer to the crime consequences and to the exercises of creation to correct the cracks in the social environments of the victim.
NATIONALISM, SUBVERSIVE HISTORY AND CITIZENSHIP: THE QUEST FOR IDENTITY IN THE POSTCOLONIAL NATION IN M.G. VASSANJI’S THE IN-BETWEEN WORLD OF VIKRAM LALL
Authors: Orao James
Published: February 2021

One must write for one’s age, so says Sartre, arguing that the writer needs to go beyond a passive reflection of his/her age to want to maintain it or change it (1988: 243). But there is no such thing as a passive reflection where history is concerned and the need for constant questioning of held or handed down beliefs, as propagated by the postmodern approaches, re-situates the writer and his/her audience into newer and more dynamic definitions of and reflections on that age. This paper, by looking at M. G. Vassanji’s kaleidoscopic constellation of characters, an other way to look at Kenya’s history around those defining moments of the struggle for independence and thereafter in his novel The In-Between World of Vikram Lall (2005), seeks to discuss the notions of identity and especially how it is informed by nationalist movements. Vassanji, in all his books, has consistently attempted to situate the often-ignored Afro-Asian within the often ethnocentric African history. In this text, this attempt is placed within the backdrop of several histories and as such it reflects, not passively, but actively and questioningly and at certain points even subversively on what it means to be Kenyan.
REALISTIC RENDERING OF SELF-CONSCIOUS THOUGHT IN A. S. BYATT’S POSSESSION: THE PRESENTATION OF VICTORIAN VERSUS CONTEMPORARY IDEAS OF MAN, FAITH AND LOVE
Authors: AHMAD SHABBIR
Published: February 2021

The realistic rendering of Self-Conscious Thought in A. S. Byatt’s Possession is an evidence of Byatt’s success in making abstract ideas concrete. Possession, as an encyclopedia of theories and thoughts, Victorian or modern, is a novel in which ideas are less obtrusive and the author’s presence is intrusive. The twentieth-century part of the novel embodies Byatt’s confrontation with modern literary thoughts which are different in nature than the ideas incarnated in Victorians i.e. George Eliot’s fiction. Although such ideas are difficult to be turned into immediate daily concerns yet in Possession they fit into immediate personal dilemmas and gain a sense of urgency. A. S. Byatt, successfully, represents the universal ideas of man, faith and love, with a skeptic twentieth-century background in this novel. In addition, while George Eliot begins to generalize these ideas with an authorial voice, Byatt knows that these ideas have become equivocal, thus overthrowing authority of the author.
First report of Devonian corals from the Bitlis-Pötürge Massif (SE Turkey): a rare occurrence of corals on the northern margin of Gondwana
Authors: Denayer Julien , Hoşgör Izzet
Published: February 2021

The Bitlis-Pötürge Massif of SE Turkey is a metamorphic belt separating the Arabian Plate from the Taurides. It includes a non-metamorphic Palaeozoic sequence that contains locally fossiliferous strata. Here is reported for the first time an assemblage of Upper Devonian rugose and tabulate corals from the Meydan Formation, composed of the rugose Frechastraea schafferi (PENECKE), Peneckiella cf. teicherti HILL, Pseudopexiphyllum supradevonicum (PENECKE), and Macgeea desioi VON SCHOUPPÉ, and the tabulate Thamnopora reticulata (DE BLAINVILLE), Alveolites ex. gr. suborbicularis and Scoliopora sp. The rugose corals suggest a Late Frasnian age. The palaeobiogeographic affinities of corals are discussed. The species F. schafferi and the genus Pseudopexiphyllum –so far only reported from Turkey, Iran and Afghanistan– are probably limited to the northern margin of Gondwana and therefore diagnostic for this palaeogeographic area. Until now, the northern margin of Gondwana yielded very few Upper Devonian corals so this occurrence in SE Turkey is particularly important to estimate the relationship between these corals and the ones from the northern margin of the Palaeotethys Ocean.
Los derechos sexuales y reproductivos en la República Dominicana: (Re)pensar la autonomía sexual de la adolescente desde el pensamiento de Michel Foucault
Authors: Campà Molist Joan Enric
Published: February 2021

En el presente trabajo se pretende entender cómo ciertas instituciones del Estado dominicano atentan contra la autonomía sexual de la adolescente dominicana, damnificando, así, la correcta asunción y ejercicio de los Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos de la ciudadanía. Inicialmente, y desde un plano cuantitativo, se documentará la situación jurídica de la República Dominicana en materia de sexualidad y reproducción desde la esfera de la educación y la sanidad pública. Seguidamente, y con un talante cualitativo, se pretende conocer el papel de los medios de comunicación para aplicar la óptica de Michel Foucault a la problemática planteada, por lo que se considerarán la conceptualización del poder, las tecnologías que de él emanan y la vulneración de la autonomía sexual de las adolescentes dominicanas para correlacionar la realidad descubierta con la teoría foucaultiana. Ello permitirá divisar otra perspectiva de la realidad y se plantearán varios estándares que erijan un Derecho Democrático de la Sexualidad que, en un contexto tan particular como el dominicano, sea mínimamente sólido al respecto de los Derechos Humanos.
«Lo más natural posible»: Narrativas de matrona de atención primaria y hospitalaria en el paradigma del parto humanizado
Authors: Martín-Castañeda Lara Beatriz
Published: February 2021

Introducción. Los movimientos de parto humanizado se desarrollan plenamente en los años 80 como una corriente crítica hacia las praxis de la biomedicina en los procesos reproductivos. Lo natural y la naturaleza son conceptos centrales dentro del mencionado paradigma. Se exaltan las capacidades biológicas de las mujeres para dar a luz sin injerencia biomédica tomando elementos ecofeministas. Objetivo. Explorar las visiones de las matronas entrevistadas en la intersección entre parto humanizado y naturaleza. Metodología. La presente investigación se llevó a cabo con una metodología cualitativa de corte etnográfico. Se realizaron 8 entrevistas a matronas tanto de atención primaria como hospitalaria en Barcelona. Resultados. Las informantes construyen lo natural aplicado a los procesos reproductivos como un continuum de opciones fluidas con dos polos: el del intervencionismo con connotaciones negativas y el del naturalismo, vinculado con elementos positivos. Por otro lado, la dicotomía mente/cuerpo cartesiana se invierte a nivel valorativo: la mente vehicula elementos biomédicos y por tanto negativos mientras que el cuerpo debe tomar el control. Conclusiones. Siguiendo los preceptos de los movimientos de parto humanizado, las informantes consideran que la naturaleza guía los procesos reproductivos. No obstante, encontramos diferencias entre las más afines al intervencionismo biomédico y aquellas que consideran que dichos procesos no deben ser perturbados.
Group velocity of light in uniaxial crystals
Authors: Wang Pengqian
Published: February 2021

Using the wave vector surface, we have derived the analytical expressions for the group velocities of the extraordinary light and the ordinary light traveling in an optically uniaxial crystal. Our formulas are in terms of either the wavevector direction or the ray direction, and they use only the principal refractive indices and their frequency dispersions. The algebraic equation for the group velocity surface of the crystal is also derived. While the group velocity is in the same direction as the ray velocity, numerical calculation shows that in the visible region the group velocity is slower than the ray velocity, and the difference between them becomes significant at short wavelengths.
Efficient numerical modelling of time-domain light propagation in curved 3D absorbing and scattering media with finite differences
Authors: Allali Anthony , Klose Alexander D. , Bérubé-Lauzière Yves
Published: February 2021

An efficient approach is introduced for modelling light propagation in the time domain in 3D heterogeneous absorbing and scattering media (e.g. biological tissues) with curved boundaries. It relies on the finite difference method (FDM) in conjuction with the Crank-Nicolson method for accurately solving the optical diffusion equation (DE). The strength of the FDM lies in its simplicity and efficiency, since the equations are easy to set up, and accessing neighboring grid points only requires simple memory operations, leading to efficient code execution. Owing to its use of Cartesian grids, the FDM is generally thought cumbersome compared to the finite element method (FEM) for dealing with media with curved boundaries. However, to apply the FDM to such media, the blocking-off method can be resorted to. To account for the change of the refractive index at the boundary, Robin-type boundary conditions are considered. This requires the computation of surface normals. We resort here for the first time to the Sobel operator borrowed from image processing to perform this task. The Sobel operator is easy to implement, fast, and allows obtaining a smooth field of normal vectors along the boundary. The main contribution of this work is to arrive at a complete numerical FDM-based model of light propagation in the time domain in 3D absorbing and scattering media with curved geometries, taking into account realistic refractive index mismatch boundary conditions. The fluence rate obtained with this numerical model is shown to reproduce well that obtained with independent gold-standard Monte Carlo simulations.
Monolithic integration of ultraviolet light emitting diodes and photodetectors on a p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN/Si platform
Authors: Lyu Qifeng , Jiang Huaxing , Lau Kei May
Published: February 2021

In this letter, we report the first demonstration of monolithically integrated ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) and visible-blind UV photodetectors (PDs) employing the same p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN epi-structures grown on Si. Due to the radiative recombination of holes from the p-GaN layer with electrons from the 2-D electron gas (2DEG) accumulating at the AlGaN/GaN heterointerface, the forward biased LED with p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN junction exhibits uniform light emission at 360 nm. Facilitated by the high-mobility 2DEG channel governed by a p-GaN optical gate, the visible-blind phototransistor-type PDs show a low dark current of ∼10−7 mA/mm and a high responsivity of 3.5×105 A/W. Consequently, high-sensitivity photo response with a large photo-to-dark current ratio of over 106 and a response time less than 0.5 s is achieved in the PD under the UV illumination from the on-chip adjacent LED. The demonstrated simple integration scheme of high-performance UV PDs and LEDs shows great potential for various applications such as compact opto-isolators.
Maskless fabrication of plasmonic metasurfaces in polymer film using a spatial light modulator
Authors: Bitarafan Mohammad H. , Annurakshita Shambhavee , Toivonen Juha , Bautista Godofredo
Published: February 2021

We demonstrate a high-speed optical technique to fabricate plasmonic metasurfaces in a polymer film. The technique is based on a programmable spatial light modulator, which is used to spatially control the photoreduction sites of gold ions in a polyvinyl alcohol film doped with a gold precursor. After irradiation, annealing was used to induce the growth of nanoparticles, producing plasmonic microstructures. Using a 473 nm excitation wavelength, microscopic plasmonic gratings, and meta-atom arrays with arbitrary orientations, an effective nanostructure size of

∼

700

n
m

and constituent nanoparticles with average size of

∼

37

n
m

were created. The technique enables a cost-effective and straightforward light-based approach to fabricate plasmonic metasurfaces with tunable properties.
In-fiber optofluidic online SERS detection of trace uremia toxin
Authors: Gao Danheng , Yang Xinghua , Teng Pingping , Luo Meng , Zhang Haoxin , Liu Zhihai , Yang Jun , Li Zhanao , Wen Xingyue , Yuan Libo , Li Kang , Bowkett Mark , Copner Nigel
Published: February 2021

In this Letter, we propose a microstructured in-fiber optofluidic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensor for the initial inspection of uremia through the detection of unlabeled urea and creatinine. As a natural microfluidic device, microstructured hollow fiber has a special structure inside. Through chemical bonds, the SERS substrate can be modified and grown on the surface of the suspended core. Here, the silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are embedded on the poly diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride–modified graphene oxide sheet to achieve the self-assembled SERS substrate. The reduced distance between Ag NPs can increase the strong hot spots that generate enhanced Raman signals. Therefore, it can effectively detect the Raman signal of unlabeled trace uremic toxin analytes (urea, creatinine) inside the optical fiber. The results show that under simulated biophysical conditions, the limit detection (LOD) for urea is

10

−
4

M

and the linearity is good, especially at the clinical conventional concentration range (

2.5

−

6.5

×

10

−
3

M

). In addition, the online Raman detection of creatinine aqueous solution LOD is

10

−
6

M

, which also has good linearity. Significantly, this Letter provides a microstructured optofluidic in-fiber Raman sensor for the preliminary detection of uremia, which will have good development prospects in the field of clinical biomedicine.
Visual cortex cTBS increases mixed percept duration while a-tDCS has no effect on binocular rivalry
Authors: Abuleil Dania , McCulloch Daphne , Thompson Benjamin
Published: February 2021

Neuromodulation of the primary visual cortex using anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) can alter visual perception and enhance neuroplasticity. However, the mechanisms that underpin these effects are currently unknown. When applied to the motor cortex, a-tDCS reduces the concentration of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), an effect that has been linked to increased neuroplasticity. The aim of this study was to assess whether a-tDCS also reduces GABA-mediated inhibition when applied to the human visual cortex. Changes in visual cortex inhibition were measured using the mixed percept duration in binocular rivalry. Binocular rivalry mixed percept duration has recently been advocated as a direct and sensitive measure of visual cortex inhibition whereby GABA agonists decrease mixed percept durations and agonists of the excitatory neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACH) increase them. Our hypothesis was that visual cortex a-tDCS would increase mixed percept duration by reducing GABA-mediated inhibition and increasing cortical excitation. In addition, we measured the effect of continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS) of the visual cortex on binocular rivalry dynamics. When applied to the motor or visual cortex, cTBS increases GABA concentration and we therefore hypothesized that visual cortex cTBS would decrease the mixed percept duration. Binocular rivalry dynamics were recorded before and after active and sham a-tDCS (N = 15) or cTBS (N = 15). Contrary to our hypotheses, a-tDCS had no effect, whereas cTBS increased mixed percepts during rivalry. These results suggest that the neurochemical mechanisms of a-tDCS may differ between the motor and visual cortices.
Hair chemicals may increase breast cancer risk: A meta-analysis of 210319 subjects from 14 studies
Authors: Xu Shaohua , Wang Hui , Liu Yeguo , Zhang Chengfeng , Xu Yang , Tian Feng , Mei Lin
Published: February 2021

Background

The association between personal hair dye use and breast cancer risk is currently debated. The aim of this work is to investigate the association between the use of hair care products and breast cancer risk in women.

Methods

Based on the PRISMA-IPD statement, the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, OVID and Scopus databases were used to identify eligible studies published from inception to 22 April 2020. A pooled odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidential interval (CI) was calculated to assess this correlation via fixed- or random-effect Mantel-Haenszel models using a heterogeneity Chi2test with a significance level of p<0.1. All statistical tests were performed using StataSE software (version 12.0).

Results

The analyzed data comprised 14 eligible studies with 210319 unique subjects. The pooled results suggested that there was a significant association between the use of hair dyes and breast cancer occurrence (pooled OR = 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01–1.13). Regarding the individual analysis regarding the different types of hair chemicals, permanent hair dye users (pooled OR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03–1.14) and rinse users (pooled OR = 1.17; 95% CI, 1.02–1.35) were both found to have a significantly elevated breast cancer risk compared to natural hair subjects, whereas there was an insignificant relationship between the use of semipermanent hair dyes (pooled OR = 1.09; 95% CI, 0.92–1.28) and straighteners (pooled OR = 1.04; 95% CI, 0.96–1.14) and breast cancer risk. No impact on the overall correlation between hair dyes and breast cancer risk due to race (White vs non-White) (pooled OR = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.86–1.29), timing of use (<10 years vs ≥10 years) (pooled OR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.85–1.08) or dye color (Darker than natural hair vs Lighter than natural hair) (pooled OR = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.62–1.32) was found.

Conclusions

Chemicals in hair dyes may play a role in breast carcinogenesis and increase breast cancer risk.
Are the factors associated with overweight/general obesity and abdominal obesity different depending on menopausal status?
Authors: Chen Jyu-Lin , Guo Jia , Mao Ping , Yang Jundi , Jiang Shan , He Wei , Lin Chen-Xi , Lien Kathy
Published: February 2021

Rapid modernization in China has impacted the daily lives and health of women, including a rise in obesity. However, little is known about the impact of menopausal status, behavior, and psychosocial factors on the risk of obesity for rural women in China. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors, including demographic information (education, family history of T2DM, menopausal status), obesity-related behavior, and psychosocial factors associated with overweight/general obesity and abdominal obesity. In a cross-sectional study design, participants had their weight, height, and waist circumference measured and completed questionnaires regarding family demographics, obesity-related health behaviors (physical activity, diet, sleep), and psychosocial information (stress, social support, and self-efficacy related to physical activity and healthy diet). A total of 646 women were included in this study; 46.6% were overweight/generally obese, and 48% had abdominal obesity. Postmenopausal women had a higher prevalence of general and central obesity. Regular physical activity decreased the risk for overweight/general obesity and abdominal obesity (OR = .41 and .31, respectively, p = .04) in premenopausal women. Postmenopausal women who had not breastfed their infants and reported moderate/high-stress had a higher risk for overweight/general obesity (OR = 3.93, and 2, respectively) and those who reported less than 6 hours of sleep per day increased their risk for abdominal obesity (OR = 2.08). Different factors associated with obesity were found in Chinese women, depending on menopausal status. Future studies should examine the impact of menopause on a woman’s risk for obesity, as well as develop tailored interventions to improve health, well-being and reduce the risk of obesity.
Microbiological quality and genotoxicity of domestic water sources: A combined approach using Micro Biological Survey method and mutagenesis assay (micronucleus test) in root tips of Vicia faba in the West region of Cameroon
Authors: Mabvouna Rodrigue Biguioh , Sali Ben Béchir Adogaye  , Nkamedjie Patrick Martial Pete , Wondeu Andrillene Laure Deutou , Sanou Sobze Martin , Kemogne Jean Blaise , Colizzi Vittorio
Published: February 2021

At least 2.1 billion people around the world use contaminated drinking water, causing 485,000 diarrheal deaths each year, mostly among children under 5 years old. A study conducted 10 years ago in Bafoussam (West Cameroon) recorded concentrations of bacteria among surface and groundwater. High levels of bicarbonates, phosphates, chlorides and suspended matters were also found. The aim of this study was to assess the microbiological and chemical qualities of domestic water sources in 5 localities of the West region of Cameroon. Water samples from 22 water sources (wells, springs, water drilling and river) were aseptically collected in plastic bottles and transferred in 50 ml sterile tubes. For chlorinated water sources, 1 ml of Thiosulfate was added to the water sample; immediately placed in an ice box and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Water temperature and pH were measured on site. The microbiological quality of water was determined by testing Total Coliforms (TC) using the Micro Biological Survey method. 1 ml of each water sample was inoculated in the MBS vial initially rehydrated with 10 ml of sterile distilled water. The initial color of the vials is red. Color changes were monitored at three different time intervals (12h, 19h and 24h), corresponding to three levels of contamination. The chemical quality of water was assessed using micronucleus (MN) test in selectedVicia fabaseeds secondary root tips permanently mounted in Dibutylphthalate Polystyrene Xylene mountant for histology after 72 hours of direct exposition in water samples and in dark. The mitotic indices and MN frequencies were evaluated in 10 root tips per site analysing 5000 cells per tip. Statistical analyses were done using Stata IC/15.0 software. The Studentt-test was used for mean comparison and the significance level was set at 1%. The majority of samples were collected from wells (63.6%). The mean water pH ranged from 5.5 to 8.3 and the temperature varied from 23 to 26°C. A very high concentration of TC [>103CFU/ml] was found in 8 (36.4%) samples. 10 (45.5%) and 2 (9.1%) samples turned yellow at 19 and 24 hours respectively after incubation corresponding to TC concentration of [10<x<103CFU/ml] and [1<x< 10 CFU/ml]. The MN frequency was higher (P ≤ 0.01) compared to the negative control in 9 (40.9%) water samples indicating significant genotoxic effects of these water sources. This study highlighted the poor quality of domestic water sources in West region of Cameroon and the need to conduct regular monitoring of drinking water sources. Community capacity building on water treatment methods, including good wastes management should be implemented to help improve water quality.