bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theory of the Robin quantum wall in a linear potential. II. Thermodynamic properties
Authors: Olendski O.
Published: June 2016

A theoretical analysis of the thermodynamic properties of the Robin wall characterized by the extrapolation length Λ in the electric field that pushes the particle to the surface is presented both in the canonical and two grand canonical representations and in the whole range of the Robin distance with the emphasis on its negative values which for the voltage‐free configuration support negative‐energy bound state. For the canonical ensemble, the heat capacity at exhibits a nonmonotonic behavior as a function of the temperature T with its pronounced maximum unrestrictedly increasing for the decreasing fields as and its location being proportional to . For the Fermi‐Dirac distribution, the specific heat per particle is a nonmonotonic function of the temperature too with the conspicuous extremum being preceded on the T axis by the plateau whose magnitude at the vanishing is defined as , with N being a number of the particles. The maximum of is the largest for and, similar to the canonical ensemble, grows to infinity as the field goes to zero. For the Bose‐Einstein ensemble, a formation of the sharp asymmetric feature on the ‐T dependence with the increase of N is shown to be more prominent at the lower voltages. This cusp‐like dependence of the heat capacity on the temperature, which for the infinite number of bosons transforms into the discontinuity of , is an indication of the phase transition to the condensate state. Some other physical characteristics such as the critical temperature and ground‐level population of the Bose‐Einstein condensate are calculated and analyzed as a function of the field and extrapolation length. Qualitative and quantitative explanation of these physical phenomena is based on the variation of the energy spectrum by the electric field.
Asymmetrische Desymmetrisierung durch metallfreie C‐F‐Bindungsaktivierung: Synthese von 3,5‐Diaryl‐5‐fluormethyl‐oxazolidin‐2‐onen mit quartären Kohlenstoffzentren
Authors: Tanaka Junki , Suzuki Satoru , Tokunaga Etsuko , Haufe Günter , Shibata Norio
Published: June 2016

Wir berichten über die erste asymmetrische Aktivierung einer nichtaktivierten aliphatischen C‐F‐Bindung mittels einer konzeptionell neuen Desymmetrisierung von 1,3‐Difluoriden durch Silicium‐induzierten C‐F‐Bindungsbruch als Schlüsselschritt. Die Kombination eines von einem Cinchona‐Alkaloid abgeleiteten Ammonium‐Bifluorid‐Katalysators mit N,O‐Bis(trifluormethylsilyl)acetamid (BSA) als Siliciumreagenz ermöglicht einen effizienten Katalysezyklus zur asymmetrischen Spaltung einer Csp3‐F‐Bindung mit hoher Enantioselektivität unter milden Bedingungen. Der Effekt einer ortho‐substituierten Arylgruppe am prostereogenen Zentrum auf die Enantioselektivität der Reaktion ist bemerkenswert. Dieses Konzept wurde für die asymmetrische Synthese vielversprechender potentieller Agrochemikalien, 3,5‐Diaryl‐5‐fluormethyl‐oxazolidin‐2‐onen, mit quartärem Kohlenstoffzentrum angewendet.
Strong and Robust Polyaniline‐Based Supramolecular Hydrogels for Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Wanwan , Gao Fengxian , Wang Xiaoqian , Zhang Ning , Ma Mingming
Published: June 2016

We report a supramolecular strategy to prepare conductive hydrogels with outstanding mechanical and electrochemical properties, which are utilized for flexible solid‐state supercapacitors (SCs) with high performance. The supramolecular assembly of polyaniline and polyvinyl alcohol through dynamic boronate bond yields the polyaniline–polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel (PPH), which shows remarkable tensile strength (5.3 MPa) and electrochemical capacitance (928 F g−1). The flexible solid‐state supercapacitor based on PPH provides a large capacitance (306 mF cm−2 and 153 F g−1) and a high energy density of 13.6 Wh kg−1, superior to other flexible supercapacitors. The robustness of the PPH‐based supercapacitor is demonstrated by the 100 % capacitance retention after 1000 mechanical folding cycles, and the 90 % capacitance retention after 1000 galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles. The high activity and robustness enable the PPH‐based supercapacitor as a promising power device for flexible electronics.
CdSe Nanoplatelets: Living Polymers
Authors: Jana Santanu , Davidson Patrick , Abécassis Benjamin
Published: June 2016

Colloidal CdSe nanoplatelets are considered to be excellent candidates for many applications in nanotechnology. One of the current challenges is to self‐assemble these colloidal quantum wells into large ordered structures to control their collective optical properties. We describe a simple and robust procedure to achieve controlled face‐to‐face self‐assembly of CdSe nanoplatelets into micron‐long polymer‐like threads made of up to ∼1000 particles. These structures are formed by addition of oleic acid to a stable colloidal dispersion of platelets, followed by slow drying and re‐dispersion. We could control the average length of the CdSe nanoplatelet threads by varying the amount of added oleic acid. These 1‐dimensional structures are flexible and feature a “living polymer” character because threads of a given length can be further grown through the addition of supplementary nanoplatelets at their reactive ends.
Synthesis of polyaminostyrene‐based and polyallylamine‐based sorbents for boron removal
Authors: Nesterov D. V. , Molochnikov L. S. , Korjakova O. V. , Kodess M. I. , Ezhikova M. A. , Pestov A. V.
Published: June 2016

Hydroxyalkyl derivatives of polyaminostyrene (PAS), polyallylamine (PAA), and polyethyleneimine (PEI) containing a 2,3‐dihydroxypropyl moiety with a high degree of modification were synthesized. The chemical structures of the polymer transformation products were characterized with elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy in the solid state. PAS reacted with glycidol and formed poly[N‐(2,3‐dihydroxypropyl)aminostyrene] with a high degree of functionalization. PAA revealed primarily the graft polymerization of glycidol. In the case of PEI, primary amino groups allowed the formation of an N‐derivative of 3‐aminopropanediol‐1,2. The PAA‐based sorbent showed a high sorption capacity toward boron ions in both acidic and alkaline media. From the sorption isotherm data, the maximum sorption capacity of this sorbent at pH 4 was determined to be 3 mmol/g. The PAS‐based resin maintained a high capacity between pH 9 and 12; the optimum pH was 12. The sorption capacity was 1.7 mmol/g. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43939.
Identifying the progression of coronary artery disease: prediction of cardiac events
Authors: Papafaklis M. I. , Mavrogiannis M. C. , Stone P. H.
Published: June 2016

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains as a principal cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the advancements in medical therapy and interventional procedures during the past years, the rate of major adverse cardiac events remains high both in individuals without previous history of heart disease and in patients with known CAD. Improved strategies of risk stratification for identifying subclinical atherosclerosis and asymptomatic individuals at high risk for cardiac events may help in intensifying treatment at targeted population groups, thereby providing enhanced primary prevention. Latest technological progress has made available new methodologies (e.g., fractional flow reserve and virtual surrogates) for assessing coronary anatomy and obstructive lesions precipitating acute cardiac events. Coronary imaging using either invasive (e.g., intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography) or noninvasive (e.g., multislice computed tomography) modalities has enabled the detailed identification of atherosclerotic plaque features and inflammatory processes, thereby providing a “histology‐like” quantification of the disease burden within coronary arteries. Additionally, the local hemodynamic environment, in particular endothelial shear stress, is considered as a primary stimulus for plaque development and progression. In vivo assessment of endothelial shear stress in humans has been made possible using three‐dimensional coronary imaging and computational fluid dynamics techniques, and could potentially provide a more comprehensive evaluation of the risk for disease progression. Combined assessment of cardiovascular burden focusing on the functional significance of obstructive CAD, the anatomic features of plaque vulnerability, and the local hemodynamic milieu could yield an increased predictive capacity for prognostication, and thus enable preemptive strategies that could avert cardiac events.

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Characterizing stable coronary plaques with MSCT angiography
Authors: Van Mieghem C.
Published: June 2016

Noninvasive access to coronary anatomy has long been anticipated and eventually became available with the emergence of multislice computed tomography angiography (MSCTA). MSCTA offers the possibility to identify coronary artery disease already in its preclinical phase. This unprecedented information proves to be useful in clinical practice as it allows the appropriate allocation of preventive therapies such as statin and aspirin.

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Transformation of Carbon Dioxide into Oxazolidinones and Cyclic Carbonates Catalyzed by Rare‐Earth‐Metal Phenolates
Authors: Xu Bin , Wang Peng , Lv Min , Yuan Dan , Yao Yingming
Published: June 2016

Rare‐earth‐metal complexes stabilized by amine‐bridged tri(phenolato) ligands were developed, and their activities in catalyzing transformations of CO2 were studied. A series of terminal epoxides and challenging disubstituted epoxides were converted into the respective cyclic carbonates in the presence of CO2 in yields of 58 to 96 %. In addition, these rare‐earth‐metal complexes also showed good activities in catalyzing three‐component reactions of anilines, epoxides, and CO2, which generated 5‐substituted‐3‐aryl‐2‐oxazolidines in yields of 48 to 96 %, as a useful strategy to construct oxazolidinones.
Metal Linkage Effects on Ultrafast Energy Transfer
Authors: Dekkiche Hervé , Buisson Antoine , Langlois Adam , Karsenti Paul‐Ludovic , Ruhlmann Laurent , Ruppert Romain , Harvey Pierre
Published: June 2016

We report the preparation of several new porphyrin homodimers bridged by a platinum(II) ion in which very intense electronic communication through the coordination link occurs. Moreover, the synthesis of a new porphyrin dyad and its photophysical properties are reported. This dyad exhibits the fastest singlet energy transfer ever reported for synthetic systems between a zinc(II) porphyrin and a porphyrin free base. This extremely fast transfer (∼100 femtoseconds) is in the same range as the fastest one measured in natural systems. This feature is due to the platinum(II) linker, which allows for strong MO couplings between the two porphyrin units as experimentally supported by electrochemistry and corroborated by DFT computations.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Seven‐Membered C=N‐containing Heterocycles and Rationalization of the Enantioselectivity
Authors: Balakrishna Bugga , Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio , Vidal‐Ferran Anton
Published: June 2016

Iridium(I) complexes with phosphine–phosphite ligands efficiently catalyze the enantioselective hydrogenation of diverse seven‐membered C=N‐containing heterocyclic compounds (eleven examples; up to 97 % ee). The P‐OP ligand L3, which incorporates an ortho‐diphenyl substituted octahydrobinol phosphite fragment, provided the highest enantioselectivities in the hydrogenation of most of the heterocyclic compounds studied. The observed stereoselection was rationalized by means of DFT calculations.
Katalysatoren für die Produktion von Biokunststoffen
Authors: Metz Angela , Hoffmann Alexander , Hock Kristina , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja
Published: June 2016

Biokunststoffe stellen eine wichtige Möglichkeit dar, die Umweltbelastung durch nicht abbaubaren Plastikmüll langfristig zu senken sowie neue Ressourcen für die Kunststoffproduktion zu erschließen. Damit die Biokunststoffproduktion weite Anwendung findet, werden neue Katalysatoren dringend benötigt. Dieser Artikel zeigt neue Entwicklungen für robuste Katalysatorsysteme für die Lactidpolymerisation auf sowie die Einbettung des produzierten PLA in den Lebenszyklus von Biokunststoffen.
Samuel Pickles Formel des Naturkautschuks
Authors: Braun Dietrich , Jenkins Aubrey
Published: June 2016

Obwohl Faraday schon 1826 die Summenformel C5H8 des Naturkautschuks ermittelt, Williams 1860 Isopren durch Pyrolyse von Kautschuk erhalten und Tilden 1882 die Strukturformel des Isoprens vorgeschlagen hatte, wurde die chemische Natur des Kautschuks als Polymeres des Isoprens erst in den 1920er Jahren nach den Arbeiten von Hermann Staudinger allgemein akzeptiert. Wenig bekannt ist, dass der englische Chemiker Samuel Shrowder Pickles bereits 1906, also über 10 Jahre vor Staudinger, die bis heute gültige Strukturformel des Kautschuks aufgestellt hat.
Kepler GPU accelerated recursive sorting using dynamic parallelism
Authors: Neelima B. , Shamsundar Bharath , Narayan Anjjan , Prabhu Rithesh , Gomes Crystal
Published: June 2016

This paper focuses on the performance gain obtained on the Kepler graphics processing units (GPUs) for multi‐key quicksort. Because multi‐key quicksort is a recursive‐based algorithm, many of the researchers have found it tedious to parallelize the algorithm on the multi and many core architectures. A survey of the state‐of‐the‐art string sorting algorithms and a robust insight of the Kepler GPU architecture gave rise to an intriguing research idea of matching the template of multi‐key quicksort with the dynamic parallelism feature offered by the Kepler‐based GPU's. The CPU parallel implementation has an improvement of 33 to 50% and 62 to 75 improvement when compared with 8‐bit and 16‐bit parallel most significant digit radix sort, respectively. The GPU implementation of multi‐key quicksort gives 6× to 18× speed up compared with the CPU parallel implementation of parallel multi‐key quicksort. The GPU implementation of multi‐key quicksort achieves 1.5× to 3× speed up when compared with the GPU implementation of string sorting algorithm using singleton elements in the literature. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Block Gauss–Huard algorithm with column pivoting on a hybrid CPU–GPU architecture
Authors: Hassanein Maha Amin
Published: June 2016

In this paper, different variants of the block Gauss–Huard algorithm with column pivoting and correspondingly interchanging of columns are presented and implemented on a hybrid CPU–GPU architecture. The study gives numerical evidence that the algorithms yield numerical solutions as good as those obtained by Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting and performance evidence that they are more suitable for parallel architectures. This is confirmed by solving systems of linear equations for a set of randomly generated matrices. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anthropogenic impacts on Costa Rican bat parasitism are sex specific
Authors: Frank Hannah K. , Mendenhall Chase D. , Judson Seth D. , Daily Gretchen C. , Hadly Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2016

While anthropogenic impacts on parasitism of wildlife are receiving growing attention, whether these impacts vary in a sex‐specific manner remains little explored. Differences between the sexes in the effect of parasites, linked to anthropogenic activity, could lead to uneven sex ratios and higher population endangerment. We sampled 1108 individual bats in 18 different sites across an agricultural mosaic landscape in southern Costa Rica to investigate the relationships between anthropogenic impacts (deforestation and reductions in host species richness) and bat fly ectoparasitism of 35 species of Neotropical bats. Although female and male bat assemblages were similar across the deforestation gradient, bat fly assemblages tracked their hosts closely only on female bats. We found that in female hosts, parasite abundance per batdecreasedwith increasing bat species richness, while in male hosts, parasite abundanceincreased. We hypothesize the differences in the parasite–disturbance relationship are due to differences in roosting behavior between the sexes. We report a sex‐specific parasite–disturbance relationship and argue that sex differences in anthropogenic impacts on wildlife parasitism could impact long‐term population health and survival.
23‐ and 27‐Membered Macrocyclic Diorganotin(IV) Bis‐dithiocarbamates: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, DFT Calculations, and Physicochemical Analysis as Anion Receptors
Authors: Vasquez‐Ríos María G. , Reyes‐Márquez Viviana , Höpfl Herbert , Torres‐Huerta Aaron , Guerrero‐Álvarez Jorge , Sánchez Mario , Hernández‐Ahuactzi Irán F. , Ochoa‐Lara Karen , Jiménez‐Sánchez Arturo , Santillán Rosa
Published: June 2016

Four secondary diamines with aromatic spacer groups derived from α,α′‐dibromo‐p‐xylene and 4,4′‐bis(chloromethyl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl have been transformed into bis‐dithiocarbamate ligands and each combined with dimethyl‐, di‐n‐butyl‐, and diphenyltin(IV) dichloride to yield a total of 12 mononuclear diorganotin(IV) bis‐dithiocarbamate complexes with six‐coordinate metal coordination geometries and either 23‐ or 27‐membered macrocyclic structures. The products were fully characterized by IR and NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn) spectroscopy and high‐resolution ESI+‐TOF mass spectrometry. A representative selection of the macrocyclic complexes was further examined by DFT computational studies and the relative binding energies of the cis and trans isomers of the different diorganotin complexes were calculated and compared. Additionally, four possible conformations of the trans isomers were analyzed. With the purpose of examining whether the complexes can be applied to the recognition of anions, five macrocycles were selected based on criteria that allowed the influence of the aromatic spacer group, the N substituent of the dithiocarbamate ligand, and the organic groups attached to the metal center on the recognition properties to be explored. Among the NMe4+X– salts (X– = F–, Cl–, Br–, I–, NO3–, HSO4–, and CH3COO–) examined, the diorganotin complexes were sensitive to fluoride and carboxylate anions.
Iridium(III) Complexes of Terpyridine‐ and Terpyridine‐Analogous Ligands Bearing Sugar Residues and Their in vitro Activity
Authors: Prokop Aram , Czaplewska Justyna A. , Clausen Mara , König Marcel , Wild Andreas , Thorwirth Rico , Schulze Benjamin , Babiuch Krzysztof , Pretzel David , Schubert Ulrich S. , Gottschaldt Michael
Published: June 2016

A series of terpyridine‐ and terpyridine‐analogous ligands bearing sugar moieties (glucose, galactose) attached through different glycosidic bonds (S‐glycosides, O‐glycosides) and their iridium(III) complexes was synthesized and characterized. Their in vitro cytotoxicity was investigated, and one iridium complex with significant activity could be identified and studied in more detail. Dose‐dependent inhibition of cell growth was achieved at low concentrations (5 µm). For reduction of proliferation by 50 % (ID50) the necessary concentration was 0.5 µm. The induction of apoptosis could be verified by flow‐cytometric determination of DNA fragmentation in BJAB cells after 72 h. Apoptosis induction of the iridium complex in drug‐resistant cells was tested with modified BJAB and Nalm‐6 cells and their nonresistant strains. The complex was able to induce apoptosis in 50 % of cells (AC50) in concentrations of 30 µm in BJAB cells, 20 µm in Nalm‐6 cells, 10 µm in resistant Nalm‐6 cells, and 5 µm in resistant BJAB cells. Unspecific cell death was excluded by LDH‐release assay.
Molecular Understanding of the Bulk Composition of Crystalline Nonstoichiometric Hydroxyapatites: Application to the Rationalization of Structure–Reactivity Relationships
Authors: Ben Osman Manel , Krafft Jean Marc , Millot Yannick , Averseng Frederic , Yoshioka Tetsuya , Kubo Jun , Costentin Guylène
Published: June 2016

Invited for the cover of this issue is a joint group led by G. Costentin, from the Laboratoire Réactivité de Surface (LRS), University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France, and Sangi Co., Ltd., Japan. The cover image shows the structure of defective crystalline hydroxyapatite, a highly promising heterogeneous catalyst whose acid–base properties can be tuned by changing its composition.
Optimization of spent radioactive resins degradation by Fenton‐like oxidation using response surface methodology
Authors: Wan Zhong , Wang Jianlong
Published: June 2016

The degradation of spent radioactive resin by Fenton‐like process with Cu2+ as catalyst was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box–Behnken design (BBD) method. The influence of three independent variables like catalyst concentration, H2O2 dosage, and initial pH value on resin degradation was investigated. The weight loss percentage of resin was evaluated using the quadratic model. Analysis of variance showed that correlation coefficient (R2) of the model was 0.9786, providing a satisfactory approximation of quadratic model with the experimental data. Out of three factors, especially pH value had significant influence on the weight loss percentage of resin. The weight loss percentage increased as pH decreased from 2.25 to 0.75. The conditions for resin degradation were optimized as follows: pH = 0.75, H2O2 = 20 mL, and catalyst concentration was 0.25 M. The confirmation experiment carried out at optimal conditions using RSM. The weight loss percentage was 95.80%. The predicted weight loss percentage was 96.19%, indicating that RSM based on BBD was a reliable method to optimize the operational conditions for resin degradation by Fenton‐like process. Finally, the intermediates of resin degradation were analyzed by ion chromatograph and GC‐MS. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1590–1596, 2016
Plastic debris and policy: Using current scientific understanding to invoke positive change
Authors: Rochman Chelsea M. , Cook Anna-Marie , Koelmans Albert A.
Published: June 2016

Captain Charles Moore introduced the world to the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch” in the mid-1990s, and images of plastic debris in the oceans began to sweep the media. Since then, there has been increasing interest from scientists, the public, and policy makers regarding plastic debris in the environment. Today, there remains no doubt that plastic debris contaminates aquatic (marine and freshwater) habitats and animals globally. The growing scientific evidence demonstrates widespread contamination from plastic debris, and researchers are beginning to understand the sources, fate, and effects of the material. As new scientific understanding breeds new questions, scientists are working to fill data gaps regarding the fate and effects of plastic debris and the mechanisms that drive these processes. In parallel, policy makers are working to mitigate this contamination. The authors focus on what is known about plastic debris that is relevant to policy by reviewing some of the weight of evidence regarding contamination, fate, and effects of the material. Moreover, they highlight some examples of how science has already been used to inform policy change and mitigation and discuss opportunities for future linkages between science and policy to continue the relationship and contribute to effective solutions for plastic debris. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1617–1626. © 2016 SETAC
FANTASTIC‐5G: flexible air interface for scalable service delivery within wireless communication networks of the 5th generation
Authors: Schaich Frank , Sayrac Berna , Elayoubi Salaheddine , Belikaidis Ioannis‐Prodromos , Caretti Marco , Georgakopoulos Andreas , Gong Xitao , Kosmatos Evangelos , Lin Hao , Demestichas Panagiotis , Mouhouche Belkacem , Pedersen Klaus , Pratas Nuno , Schellmann Malte , Schubert Martin , Shaat Musbah , Wunder Gerhard
Published: June 2016

5th generation mobile networks will have to cope with a high degree of heterogeneity in terms of services, mobility, number of devices and so on. Thus, diverse and often contradicting key performance indicators need to be supported, but having multiple radio access technologies for multi‐service support below 6 GHz will be too costly. FANTASTIC‐5G will develop a new multi‐service air interface through a modular design. To allow the system to adapt to the anticipated heterogeneity, some properties need to be pursued, like simplicity, flexibility, scalability, versatility, efficiency and future proofness. Based on these properties, a selected set of use cases and link and network design will be presented. The paper will also comprise validation and system level simulations through some indicative results and will conclude with the overall impact to 5G standardisation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel adaptive structure for SOA system effort estimation
Authors: Mishra Siba , Kumar Chiranjeev
Published: June 2016

This paper addresses a novel adaptive structure to solve the problem of service‐oriented architecture (SOA) system effort estimation. The objective of our work is to combine the insights of signals theory with empirical research to find a recommendation scheme for the problem of SOA system effort estimation. The main motivation for using this structure is to enhance the principle of self‐adaptability to the situation at hand. The proposed structure consists of an adaptive filter composed of linear combiner of filter weights, input and desired values. Additionally, a gradient steepest descent method is used to adjust the filter parameters (training process) using the least mean square algorithm. Furthermore, an experimental analysis is conducted with the proposed structure using the data of 10 past SOA system industrial applications, and in the empirical analysis, two performance measurement metrics and an evaluation function are used to assess the performance in terms of predictive accuracy. The experimental analysis and comparison study are helpful to demonstrate the effectiveness of an estimation technique. The obtained results indicate that an improved predictive accuracy for the problem of SOA system effort estimation has been achieved using the proposed structure when compared with support vector machines, linear, stepwise and ordinary least square regression techniques. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phylogenetic analysis of the NS5 gene of Zika virus
Authors: Adiga Rama
Published: June 2016

ZIKV infection has become a global threat spreading across 31 countries in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. However, little information is available about the molecular epidemiology of ZIKV. Shared mutation of a threonine residue to alanine at the same position in the C terminal of NS5 sequences was observed in sequences from Colombia, Mexico, Panama, and Martinique. The sequences in the phylogenetic tree fell within the same cluster. Based on shared mutation the presence of a Latin American genotype was proposed. Comparison of African and Asian lineages yielded R29N, N273S, H383Q, and P391S mutation. The study highlights that mutation of amino acids at NS5 may contribute to neutropism of ZIKV. J. Med. Virol. 88:1821–1826, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous determination of six synthetic phenolic antioxidants in edible oils using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection
Authors: Xu Shuangjiao , Liu Liangliang , Wang Yanqin , Zhou Dayun , Kuang Meng , Fang Dan , Yang Weihua , Wei Shoujun , Xiao Aiping , Ma Lei
Published: June 2016

A simple, rapid, organic‐solvent‐ and sample‐saving pretreatment technique, called dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, was developed for the determination of six synthetic phenolic antioxidants from edible oils before high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The entire procedure was composed of a two‐step microextraction and a centrifugal process and could be finished in about 5 min, only consuming only 25 mg of sample and 1 mL of the organic solvent for each extraction. The influences of several important parameters on the microextraction efficiency were thoroughly investigated. Recovery assays for oil samples were spiked at three concentration levels, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, and provided recoveries in the 86.3–102.5% range with a relative standard deviation below 3.5%. The intra‐day and inter‐day precisions for the analysis were less than 3.8%. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in different oil samples, and satisfactory results were obtained. Thus, the developed method represents a viable alternative for the quality control of synthetic phenolic antioxidant concentrations in edible oils.
Separation of three anthraquinone glycosides including two isomers by preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography and high‐speed countercurrent chromatography fromRheum tanguticumMaxim. ex Balf
Authors: Chen Tao , Li Hongmei , Zou Denglang , Liu Yongling , Chen Chen , Zhou Guoying , Li Yulin
Published: June 2016

Anthraquinone glycosides, such as chrysophanol 1‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside, chrysophanol 8‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside, and physion 8‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside, are the accepted important active components ofRheum tanguticumMaxim. ex Balf. due to their pharmacological properties: antifungal, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities. However, an effective method for the separation of the above‐mentioned anthraquinone glycosides from this herb is not currently available. Especially, greater difficulty existed in the separation of the two isomers chrysophanol 1‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside and chrysophanol 8‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside. This study demonstrated an efficient strategy based on preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography and high‐speed countercurrent chromatography for the separation of the above‐mentioned anthraquinone glycosides fromRheum tanguticumMaxim.ex Balf.
Foraging habitat selection by California spotted owls after fire
Authors: Bond Monica L. , Bradley Curt , Lee Derek E.
Published: June 2016

Forest fire is one of the most important ecological disturbances affecting habitat of the declining California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) population in southern California. We analyzed foraging location data collected 3 and 4 years post‐fire, from 8 radio‐tagged California spotted owls whose home ranges included forest burned in the 5,176‐ha Slide Fire in the San Bernardino Mountains, California, USA. We analyzed foraging habitat selection with sensitivity analysis using 3 different spatial extents to define available resource area: utilization distribution, minimum convex polygon, and capture radius. At all 3 extents of available habitat these spotted owls selected foraging sites close to their territory centers and riparian areas. Resource selection functions indicated burned forests were generally used in proportion to their availability, with the exception of significant selection for moderate‐severity burned forests farther from territory centers at the largest available habitat extent (capture radius). Riparian habitats should be preserved for California spotted owls in southern California, and forests burned by high‐severity fire should be considered potentially suitable foraging habitat. We suggest researchers perform habitat selection analyses at multiple spatial extents of availability and describe the sensitivity of their results. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Categorical approach to modelling and to coupling of models
Authors: Gürlebeck Klaus , Hofmann Dirk , Legatiuk Dmitrii
Published: June 2016

Solution of any engineering problem starts with a modelling process, which typically involves a choice among different kinds of models. To create a realistic model, one has to think carefully about the modelling process. Particularly in the case of coupled problems when several models are coupled together to represent a given physical phenomenon. This paper presents an approach based on the category theory that allows to describe this modelling process on a more abstract level. Using the advantages of abstract level, one can describe the coupling process in a concise way and introduce certain criteria to check consistency of a coupled model. The main idea of the proposed approach is to introduce a structure in the modelling process, which allows to see how different models interact without a precise look into them. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The application of adjoint method for shape optimization in Stokes–Oseen flow
Authors: Yan Wenjing , Gao Zhiming
Published: June 2016

This paper presents a numerical method for shape optimization of a body immersed in an incompressible viscous flow governed by Stokes–Oseen equations. The purpose of this work is to optimize the shape that minimizes a given cost functional. Based on the continuous adjoint method, the shape gradient of the cost functional is derived by involving a Lagrangian functional with the function space parametrization technique. Then, a gradient‐type algorithm is applied to the shape optimization problem. The numerical examples indicate the proposed algorithm is feasible and effective in low Reynolds number flow. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction‐based survivable virtual network mapping against disaster failures
Authors: Wang Ying , Liu Xiao , Qiu Xuesong , Li Wenjing
Published: June 2016

Survivable virtual network mapping (SVNM) guarantees that the mapped virtual network works normally against substrate failures. Most of the existing solutions are mainly focusing on single node or single link failure. A long‐standing challenge in SVNM is to reduce the capacity loss of network when substrate failures happen. Because some regions are frequently attacked by disasters, the disaster failures should be paid attention to. In this paper, we re‐consider the existing work on the SVNM and explore the feasible solution of SVNM against disaster failures. We first design the disaster failure model with the knowledge of risk assessment. Then we formulate the problem with the mixed integer programming. Two heuristic algorithms based on the prediction mechanism are proposed. Simulations show that our algorithms increase the average acceptance ratio and reduce the risk of capacity loss in the initial mapping phase compared with previous algorithms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute stress disorder as a predictor of posttraumatic stress: A longitudinal study of Chinese children exposed to the Lushan earthquake
Authors: Zhou Peiling , Zhang Yuqing , Wei Chuguang , Liu Zhengkui , Hannak Walter
Published: June 2016

This study examined the prevalence of acute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children who experienced the Lushan earthquake in Sichuan, China, and assessed the ability of ASD to predict PTSD. The Acute Stress Disorder Scale (ASDS) was used to assess acute stress reaction within weeks of the trauma. The University of California at Los Angeles Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (UCLA‐PTSD) for children was administered at intervals of 2, 6, and 12 months after the earthquake to 197 students who experienced the Lushan earthquake at the Longxing Middle School. The results demonstrated that 28.4% of the children suffered from ASD, but only a small percentage of the population went on to develop PTSD. Among all of the students, 35.0% of those who met the criteria for ASD were diagnosed with PTSD at the 12‐month interval. The severity of ASD symptoms correlated with later PTSD symptoms.
Comparison of mechanical and molecular measures of mobility during constant strain rate deformation of a PMMA glass
Authors: Bending Benjamin , Ediger M. D.
Published: June 2016

We performed constant strain rate deformation and stress relaxation on a poly(methyl methacrylate) glass at Tg – 19 K, utilizing three strain rates and initiating the stress relaxation over a large range of strain values. Following previous workers, we interpret the initial rate of decay of the stress during the relaxation experiment as a purely mechanical measure of mobility for the system. In our experiments, the mechanical mobility obtained in this manner changes by less than a factor of 3 prior to yield. During these mechanical experiments, we also performed an optical measurement of segmental mobility based on the reorientation of a molecular probe; we observe that the probe mobility increases up to a factor of 100 prior to yield. In the post‐yield regime, in contrast, the mobilities determined mechanically and by probe reorientation are quite similar and show a similar dependence on the strain rate. Dynamic heterogeneity is found to initially decrease during constant strain rate deformation and then remain constant in the post‐yield regime. These combined observations of mechanical mobility, probe mobility, and dynamic heterogeneity present a challenge for theoretical modeling of polymer glass deformation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1957–1967
Recovery of copper from dilute cupric sulfate solution by electrodeposition method using boron‐doped diamond electrodes
Authors: Natsui Keisuke , Yamaguchi Chizu , Einaga Yasuaki
Published: June 2016

The recovery of copper from wastewater is a key issue for environmental and economic aspects. The wastewater treatment containing copper ions has been carried out by various techniques. Among them, the electrodeposition is the “clean” method that is able to achieve the recovery of copper without requiring addition of chemicals and generating sludge or secondary wastes. However, the current efficiency would tend to decrease especially in a dilute solution, because hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reaction would occur as competition reaction. In this article, we study on the recovery of copper from dilute cupric sulfate solution as a model wastewater by an electrodeposition method using boron‐doped diamond electrodes which have relatively higher hydrogen overpotential. Two types of boron‐doped diamond electrodes were prepared with different boron doping level. The boron‐doped diamond electrodes could achieve the recovery of copper with higher current efficiency because of inhibiting hydrogen evolution reaction, compared with glassy carbon electrode.
Quantum chemistry beyond Born–Oppenheimer approximation on a quantum computer: A simulated phase estimation study
Authors: Veis Libor , Višňák Jakub , Nishizawa Hiroaki , Nakai Hiromi , Pittner Jiří
Published: June 2016

We present an efficient quantum algorithm for beyond‐Born–Oppenheimer molecular energy computations. Our approach combines the quantum full configuration interaction method with the nuclear orbital plus molecular orbital method. We give the details of the algorithm and demonstrate its performance by classical simulations. Two isotopomers of the hydrogen molecule (H2, HT) were chosen as representative examples and calculations of the lowest rotationless vibrational transition energies were simulated. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Learn how to effectively conduct a resource audit
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2016

Proposed legislation would require colleges and universities to conduct campus climate surveys on a regular basis. But even as student affairs professionals focus on creating and implementing campus climate surveys, many miss an important first step — conducting a resource audit.
Gain new perspective for tackling funding challenges
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2016

Most student affairs professionals will tell you there's never enough money to keep up with the increases in student needs and unfunded government mandates. And every student affairs professional could benefit from gaining new perspective and learning proven strategies for managing this significant challenge on their campuses.
Specific Detection of Picric Acid and Nitrite in Aqueous Medium Using Flexible Eu(III)‐Based Luminescent Probe
Authors: Sahoo Jashobanta , Waghmode Suresh B. , Subramanian Palani S. , Albrecht Markus
Published: June 2016

Development of an effective method for the detection of picric acid (PA) in aqueous phase has attracted great attention. In this work, the luminescent probe Eu‐1 involving a hexadentate −2‐Amino‐3‐phenylpropanol based ligand L was successfully exploited for the selective detection of PA in presence of other nitro analytes in aqueous medium. The selective detection of PA and nitrite by Eu‐1 was rationalized through DFT computational study.
A ‘Plug and Play’ Platform for the Production of Diverse Monoterpene Hydrocarbon Scaffolds in Escherichia coli.
Authors: Leferink Nicole G. H. , Jervis Adrian J. , Zebec Ziga , Toogood Helen S. , Hay Sam , Takano Eriko , Scrutton Nigel S.
Published: June 2016

The terpenoids constitute one of the largest and most diverse classes of natural compounds with applications as pharmaceuticals, flavorings and fragrances, pesticides and biofuels. Synthetic biology is ideally placed to create new routes to this chemical diversity and facilitation of new compound discovery. The C10 monoterpenoids display a huge structural diversity produced from a single substrate, geranyl diphosphate, by a family of monoterpene cyclases and synthases (mTC/S). Here we employ a library of mTC/S in a single ‘plug and play’ platform system for the production of over 30 different monoterpenoids in Escherichia coli by fermentation on glucose. These products include several compounds never before produced in engineered microbes demonstrating the power of this approach to rapidly create routes to structural diversity.
Humour Applied to STEM Education
Authors: Hu David L. , Lefton Lew , Ludovice Peter J.
Published: June 2016

Humour has been shown to improve elements of the educational experience, but only under certain circumstances. We use Cognitive Load Theory to explain that these circumstances occur when humour does not overload the student's cognitive load. The problem‐solving approach, typically used in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) education, already increases the cognitive load, and the addition of humour can push STEM education past this overload point. Using examples from the literature and classroom experiences, we illustrate how to integrate humour in an effective manner. We pay particular attention to integrating humour with STEM problem‐solving so as to avoid adding additional cognitive load. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synergistic reinforcing effects of molybdenum disulfide and bentonite in rubber based nanocomposites
Authors: Ge Xin , Deng Fei , Zhang Yinhang , Cho Ur Ryong
Published: June 2016

In this work, synergistic reinforcing effects of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and bentonite in nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) based nanocomposites was studied. The friction coefficients of the nanocomposites were significantly decreased as MoS2 was applied as a lubricant while the reinforcing effects of MoS2 on the tensile strength of neat NBR at a loading of 5 phr was marginal. However, with MoS2 added in bentonite/NBR nanocomposite, the 300% modulus was remarkably enhanced. The synergistic reinforcing effects were more prominent in the aspect of storage modulus both in rubbery region and glassy region. Meanwhile, with MoS2 incorporated, the glass transition temperature (Tg) was elevated up to −19.7 and −6.7°C, respectively for bentonite/NBR and (3‐mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane compatibilized bentonite/NBR nanocomposites. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 23:E211–E215, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Adaptation science and policy in China's agricultural sector
Authors: Rogers Sarah
Published: June 2016

In recent years, China's central government has begun to articulate its adaptation policy and to identify measures to adapt the nation's agriculture to changing precipitation patterns, higher temperatures, and extreme events. These developments are occurring at a time when the agricultural sector is in flux: while the major grain crops—rice, wheat, and corn—are still central to food security, many smallholder farmers have shifted away from land‐intensive production to growing higher‐value, labour‐intensive horticultural products, such as fruit and vegetables. In addition, new forms of agriculture are emerging because of out‐migration and land transfers. This review introduces the adaptation policy context for agricultural adaptation in China and reviews existing research on impacts and adaptation. It then discusses how well existing research and policy actually reflect the challenges of adapting China's farms to climate change. Four issues are discussed which together suggest that current science and policy very poorly reflect challenges on the ground: the framing of agriculture as a relatively homogeneous sector; the absence of any vulnerability assessments attuned to local contexts; a bias toward large‐scale engineering solutions; and insufficient consideration of local government capacity. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:693–706. doi: 10.1002/wcc.414

This article is categorized under:

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and Analogies
Opportunistic multicasting for single frequency networks
Authors: Polacek Pavol , Yang Ting‐Yeu , Huang Chih‐Wei
Published: June 2016

With the growth of multimedia traffic over mobile networks, multicast becomes one of more effective transmission approaches to be widely considered. The Multimedia Broadcast multicast service Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) has been introduced for long term evolution to improve signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio at the cell edges, while selecting efficient modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for transmission is still an open issue. Unlike existing solutions in literature, the opportunistic multicasting concept is adopted in this work to aggressively enhance the spectrum efficiency (SE) of single frequency networks. Based on the derived model of effective SE in extended MCS adaptation intervals, we propose a statistical feedback‐based approach to achieve opportunistic multicasting in MBSFN. The algorithm carefully selects the MCS complying with the adaptation need for channel quality changes and enabling high bottleneck user SE under reduced feedbacks. Comparing with other schemes for a single stream setup, the simulations show up to 340% higher SE over non‐opportunistic method and 25% over the second best method maximizing the average SE. The number of successfully transmitted streams in a multi‐stream scenario increased by 250% over the non‐opportunistic approach and 40% over the average SE maximizing approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laparoscopic Inferior Mesenteric Artery Peeling: An Alternative to High or Low Vascular Ligation for Sigmoid Colon Cancer Resection
Authors: Francone Elisa , Bonfante Pierfrancesco , Bruno Maria Santina , Intersimone Donatella , Falco Emilio , Berti Stefano
Published: June 2016

Background

In sigmoid cancer, both inferior mesenteric artery high or low ligations are accepted for curative purposes. Since inferior mesenteric artery ligation could compromise blood flow to the anastomosis, potentially increasing anastomotic leakage onset, real oncological benefits and possible disadvantages related to vascular transection level are still on debate. We introduce totally laparoscopic inferior mesenteric artery peeling technique to release from the concept of lymph nodal harvesting linked to arterial transection level.

Methods

Over a period of 24 months, 31 patients presenting with sigmoid cancer were submitted to laparoscopic sigmoidectomy associated with inferior mesenteric artery peeling. Data on intraoperative and postoperative outcomes have been prospectively collected.

Results

Mean operative time was 180 min (range 110–330 min); mean intraoperative blood loss was 60 ml (range 30–150 ml), and mean postoperative hospitalization was 6.2 days (range 4–11 days). Mean number of lymph node harvested was 16.7 (range 12–28).

Conclusions

Given a proper selection of patients, laparoscopic sigmoidectomy comprehensive of sub‐adventitial IMA skeletonization from its aortic origin could provide good oncological outcomes and recanalization rate. Further data are advocated to confirm these preliminary results.