bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comunicação na enfermagem durante a assistência ao paciente com deficiência auditiva: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Silva Brenda Luiza Oliveira da , Campos Mayara Santos Medeiros da Silva , Costa Paloma Lucena Farias da , Freitas Vera Lúcia
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: investigar as produções científicas em relação à qualidade e os meios de comunicação do profissional de enfermagem com o paciente com deficiência auditiva. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa, de abordagem qualitativa do tipo descritivo. Para a construção da revisão integrativa foram utilizadas seis etapas distintas, definidas por Ursi (2005). Resultados: A partir dos dados coletados, os resultados foram organizados em 4 categorias: meios de comunicação, experiência do profissional de enfermagem, vivência do paciente com deficiência auditiva na unidade de saúde e sugestões para um acolhimento humanizado. Conclusão: concluiu-se que os profissionais de enfermagem apresentam dificuldades que atrapalham no atendimento ao paciente com deficiência auditiva e estes sentem-se discriminados e excluídos por não poder usufruir de um acolhimento eficaz da mesma forma que a população ouvinte. Portanto a comunicação alternativa precisa ser estimulada para que esses pacientes sejam atendidos de forma que a comunicação seja eficiente. É fundamental que estratégias sejam traçadas para que a população surda tenha seu direito à saúde garantido.
Plantas alimentícias não convencionais: pesquisa sobre conhecimento e consumo da região de Brasília-DF
Authors: Silva Walney Fernandes Martins da , Sousa Isabella Borges de , Ramos Bruna Cristina Zacante , Santos Alessandra Santos dos
Published: July 2022

Plantas alimentícias não convencionais (PANC) são caracterizadas por espécies de plantas que detém partes comestíveis, mas que são geralmente desconhecidas e não são habitualmente inseridas dentro da alimentação convencional da maioria da população, com exceção de alguns hábitos regionais. Posto isso, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o conhecimento e consumo de residentes do Distrito Federal, região com característica transregional, no intuito de analisar e definir o grau de impacto que as PANC possuem localmente. Foi aplicado um questionário com 23 perguntas, como o conhecimento acerca das PANC, frequência do seu consumo, aproveitamento de partes comestíveis de alimentos, espécies mais consumidas e análise das formas de preparo. Ainda, abordou-se sobre locais de compra, principais feiras, motivação para o consumo desta espécie de alimento e interesse no conhecimento sobre estes alimentos. Concluiu-se que o consumo de PANC contribui com a melhora da segurança alimentar da região, em razão do estímulo à alimentação saudável e equilibrada que naturalmente a inserção de hortaliças na rotina alimentar produz. Ainda, há a necessidade de um melhor acesso ao conhecimento científico sobre espécies e formas de preparo e consumo destes alimentos.
USING DRONES FOR LANDFILL MONITORING AND PROJECTION CALCULATION
Authors: Astor Yackob , Febriansya Aditia , Utami Retno , Firdaus Muhammad Rizki , Gustaman Farhan Arradzumar , Fariz Saepul
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT: Until now, monitoring the landfill volume in the Sarimukti landfills is calculated by the ratio of trucks converted from tonnage to volume based on the density of the landfill. The various truck specifications and the landfill density conversion process affect the tonnage value. This has an impact on the accuracy of the landfill volume calculation results. This research uses drones as the main tool for monitoring Sarimukti landfills by making a 3D map of the landfill in 2021 as a reference for calculating the volume of existing landfill. The analysis was carried out by comparing the existing landfill volume with the projected landfill volume in 2025 according to the operational period of the landfills. The results of the analysis show that the Sarimukti landfills can no longer accommodate landfill by 2023.Keywords: Drone, Landfill, Contour
Semantic Shift of English Internet Slangs Used in Social Media: Morphosemantic Analysis
Authors: Rahman Oon Suzana , Sobarna Cece , Sujatna Eva Tuckyta Sari , Indriyani Lia Maulia
Published: July 2022

The aim this research are to identify the most common morphological process through word formation  found in the lexical of English Internet slang, and to identify the most common type of shift of meaning used by netizen on social media.The research Methodology applied in this research is descriptive qualitative-textual analysis (Bhawna & Gobind (2015) and Smith (2017). The data sources are taken from facebook, twitter and teenage English Slang that are selectively chosen on the basis of criteria.The Theory of English Internet Slang taken from Crystal (2003, 2005,  2011, 2013), Gua and Dai (2019). The research findings are:No Morphological process 72% , derivation  consisted of  16%, Compounding 4%, Coinned 4%, Clipping 4%. Whereas  the type of semantic changes, mostly  narrowing consists of 78%, The words that do not change the meanings are 28%. It is recommended for further reseach which is still open for semantic field, especially under the discussion on figurative meaning Tujuan peneltian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi proses morfologi yang paling banyak ditemukan di dalam pembentukan kata internet slang berbahasa Inggris,  dan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis pergeseran makna yang paling banyak digunakan dalam kata  internet slang berbahasa Inggris. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan yaitu descriptive qualitative –textual analysis dari (Bhawna & Gobind (2015) and Smith (2017). Teori Internet Slang Berbahasa Inggris yang digunakan dalam penelitian berasal dari Crystal (2003, 2011, 2013), Gua dan Dai (2019).Temuan penelitian ini yaitu: tidak terjadi proses morfologis 72%, derivation  consisted of  16%, Compounding 4%, Coinned 4%, Compounding 4%. Sedangkan jenis perubahan semantik, yaitu: narrowing yang terdiri dari 72%, Makna kata yang tidak mengalamii pergeseran, yaitu 28 %. Peneliti merekomendasikan untuk penelitian selanjunya  yang  masih terbuka terutama di bidang semaantik dalam pembahasan makna figurative
Soil Cover of the Garabagh Plain and Its Composition
Authors: Osmanova S.
Published: July 2022

The article presents the results of research of scientists and field laboratory studies conducted by us. The soil cover of the Garabagh plain is characterized from the point of view of morphogenetics, bioecology and economy. Within the object of research, 8 types, 20 subtypes and 71 varieties of soils were identified. The soils of the Garabagh plain are unevenly distributed over the area. Two types of soils (chestnut and gray-meadow) within the object of research make up 279009.95 ha or 68.47% of the land fund. Other types of soils were distributed as follows: mountain-forest brown — 1.16%; mountain chestnut — 3.0%; meadow-chestnut — 3.77%; gray-brown — 0.35%; meadow gray — 4.35%; tugai forests — 1.99%; marsh-meadow — 1.59%; solonchaks — 2.83% and other soils — 12.48%.
Pioglitazone, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonist, Downregulates the Inflammatory Response in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients Without Interfering in Leishmania braziliensis Killing by Monocytes
Authors: Nascimento Maurício T. , Cordeiro Ravena S. O. , Abreu Cayo , Santos Camila P. , Peixoto Fábio , Duarte Gabriela A. , Cardoso Thiago , de Oliveira Camila I. , Carvalho Edgar M. , Carvalho Lucas P.
Published: July 2022

Patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) due toLeishmania braziliensisinfection have an exacerbated inflammatory response associated with tissue damage and ulcer development. An increase in the rate of patients who fail therapy with pentavalent antimony has been documented. An adjuvant therapy with an anti-inflammatory drug with the potential ofLeishmaniakilling would benefit CL patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) activation by pioglitazone in the regulation of the inflammatory response andL. braziliensiskilling by monocytes. Pioglitazone is an oral drug used in the treatment of diabetes, and its main mechanism of action is through the activation of PPAR-γ, which is expressed in many cell types of the immune response. We found that activation of PPAR-γ by pioglitazone decreases the inflammatory response in CL patients without affectingL. braziliensiskilling by monocytes. Our data suggest that pioglitazone may serve as an adjunctive treatment for CL caused byL. braziliensis.
Enterovirus A Shows Unique Patterns of Codon Usage Bias in Conventional Versus Unconventional Clade
Authors: Zeng Liyan , Chen Ming , Wang Min , Zhu Liuyao , Yan Jingjing , Zhang Xiaoyan , Xu Jianqing , Zhang Shuye
Published: July 2022

Enterovirus A (EV-A) species cause hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), threatening the health of young children. Understanding the mutual codon usage pattern of the virus and its host(s) has fundamental and applied values. Here, through examining multiple codon usage parameters, we found that the codon usage bias among EV-A strains varies and is clade-specific. EVA76, EVA89, EVA90, EVA91 and EVA92, the unconventional clade of EV-A strains, show unique codon usage pattern relative to the two conventional clades, including EVA71, CVA16, CVA6 and CVA10, etc. Analyses of Effective Number of Codon (ENC), Correspondence Analysis (COA) and Parity Rule 2 (PR2), etc., revealed that the codon usage patterns of EV-A strains are shaped by mutation pressure and natural selection. Based on the neutrality analysis, we determined the dominant role of natural selection in the formation of the codon usage bias of EV-A. In addition, we have determined the codon usage compatibility of potential hosts for EV-A strains using codon adaptation index (CAI), relative codon deoptimization index (RCDI) and similarity index (SiD) analyses, and found that EV-A showed host-specific codon adaptation patterns in different clades. Finally, we confirmed that the unique codon usage pattern of the unconventional clade affected protein expression level in human cell lines. In conclusion, we identified novel characteristics of codon usage bias in distinct EV-A clades associated with their host range, transmission and pathogenicity.
The Use of AlphaFold for In Silico Exploration of Drug Targets in the Parasite Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Ros-Lucas Albert , Martinez-Peinado Nieves , Bastida Jaume , Gascón Joaquim , Alonso-Padilla Julio
Published: July 2022

Chagas disease is a devastating neglected disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which affects millions of people worldwide. The two anti-parasitic drugs available, nifurtimox and benznidazole, have a good efficacy against the acute stage of the infection. But this is short, usually asymptomatic and often goes undiagnosed. Access to treatment is mostly achieved during the chronic stage, when the cardiac and/or digestive life-threatening symptoms manifest. Then, the efficacy of both drugs is diminished, and their long administration regimens involve frequently associated adverse effects that compromise treatment compliance. Therefore, the discovery of safer and more effective drugs is an urgent need. Despite its advantages over lately used phenotypic screening, target-based identification of new anti-parasitic molecules has been hampered by incomplete annotation and lack of structures of the parasite protein space. Presently, the AlphaFold Protein Structure Database is home to 19,036 protein models from T. cruzi, which could hold the key to not only describe new therapeutic approaches, but also shed light on molecular mechanisms of action for known compounds. In this proof-of-concept study, we screened the AlphaFold T. cruzi set of predicted protein models to find prospective targets for a pre-selected list of compounds with known anti-trypanosomal activity using docking-based inverse virtual screening. The best receptors (targets) for the most promising ligands were analyzed in detail to address molecular interactions and potential drugs’ mode of action. The results provide insight into the mechanisms of action of the compounds and their targets, and pave the way for new strategies to finding novel compounds or optimize already existing ones.
The Virtual Fence Dynamic: a Breakthrough for Low-Cost and Sustainable Mitigation of Human-Elephant Conflict in Subsistence Agriculture?
Authors: La Grange Michael , Matema Collen , Nyamukure Bella , Hoare Richard
Published: July 2022

Attempts to deter elephants from entering crop fields and human settlements in Africa have used various barriers (e.g. electric fences, chilli fences, beehive fences or plant barriers), situated on or very near the boundaries of fields or villages, with rather variable success. We explored a very simple new barrier concept based upon re-arranging the layout of foreign stimuli already known to arouse suspicion and fear among elephants. Deterrence involved deploying unnaturally scented objects on and across their pathways of habitual movement leading to crop field clusters. Elephants are suspicious of unpleasant olfactory stimuli, like string or cloth saturated with pungent-smelling chilli oil, old engine oil, or creosote and dislike ‘chilli smoke’. Foreign visual items like plastic bottles, reflective metal strips and cow bells possibly reinforced suspicion of these unpleasant scents and influenced the deterrent effect. These flimsy items deployed over very short distances merely acted as a bluff to ‘problem elephants’ that people were actively trying to impede their progress, and the vast majority chose to turn back or deviate substantially. Thus we coined the term a ‘soft virtual boundary’. We demonstrate that placing virtual boundaries away from village and agricultural lands, forces elephants to encounter them upon leaving their daytime refuges, while still in natural habitat. The suspicion and fear generated here considerably reduces elephants’ determination to proceed onwards to risk crop raiding. When multiple, small virtual boundaries are strategically moved around at intervals, a ‘virtual fence dynamic’ delivers an enduring deterrent effect. In ten study areas in two countries over seven years this technique led to considerable and consistent reductions in crop damage levels of up to 95% in places. Because these methods (i) completely rely on local knowledge, (ii) were exceptionally low cost and (iii) demonstrated rapid results, the ‘buy-in’ from affected communities of small-scale subsistence farmers was immediate and very enthusiastic. So this strategy has the potential to remove the most intractable stumbling block to the sustainability of human-elephant conflict mitigation efforts in smallholder agriculture – reliance upon conservation donor funding for very costly and problematic mitigation measures like fencing, compensation schemes and elephant translocations.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Restenosis After Drug-Coated Balloon Therapy for Femoropopliteal Artery Lesions: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Zhihong , Sheng Lei , Gu Hongbin , Yang Fan , Xie Huajie , Li Mingfei
Published: July 2022

Background

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common atherosclerotic vascular disease. The use of drug-coated balloon (DCB) for the treatment of femoropopliteal artery disease has gradually increased. A certain percentage of patients developed target lesion restenosis after DCB treatment of the femoral popliteal artery. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is closely related to the level of inflammatory activity and has predictive value for atherosclerotic vascular disease. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between NLR and 1-year restenosis after DCB for femoropopliteal artery disease.

Methods

Patients with femoropopliteal artery disease who were treated with DCBs at our hospital from May 2016 to December 2020 were retrospectively included. Baseline data during the patient’s first hospital stay and data during follow-up were collected. Demographic data, laboratory test results, lesion examination results, and major adverse events during the follow-up period were collected. Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with restenosis after DCB.

Results

A total of 117 patients were included. During 1-year follow-up, 19 cases (16.2%) of restenosis were detected. Five of these patients (4.3% of total included patients) were readmitted for symptomatic ischemia. No deaths or amputations occurred. Baseline NLR in patients with restenosis was higher than that in patients without restenosis (2.4 (2.1, 3.4) vs. 1.8 (1.3, 2.3), P < 0.001). Logistic univariate and multivariate analysis showed that baseline hs-CRP level (OR = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.05–1.34), lesion length (OR = 1.04, 95%CI: 1.02–1.27), use of rivaroxaban (OR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.05–1.39), NLR (OR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.13–2.48), LDL-C level (OR = 1.25, 95%CI: 1.05–1.52), and diabetes (OR = 1.25, 95%CI: 1.05–1.52) = 1.18, 95%CI: 1.06–1.66) were predictors of restenosis.

Conclusion

Baseline NLR before DCB can predict the risk of restenosis after surgery.
Early Results of a Novel Hybrid Prosthesis for Treatment of Acute Aortic Dissection Type A With Distal Anastomosis Line Beyond Aortic Arch Zone Zero
Authors: Mehdiani Arash , Sugimura Yukiharu , Wollgarten Louise , Immohr Moritz Benjamin , Bauer Sebastian , Schelzig Hubert , Wagenhäuser Markus Udo , Antoch Gerald , Lichtenberg Artur , Akhyari Payam
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Acute aortic dissection type A (AADA) is associated with high perioperative morbidity and mortality. A novel non-covered hybrid prosthesis (Ascyrus Medical Dissection Stent (AMDS) Hybrid Prosthesis, Cryolife/Jotec, Hechingen, Germany) can be easily implanted to stabilize the true lumen (TL), improve remodeling, and preserve organ perfusion. Although developed for implantation in aortic zone 0, occasionally, partial replacement of the aortic arch and further distal implantation of AMDS may appear favorable. Implantation of AMDS with anastomosis line beyond zone 0 has not been described yet.

Materials and Methods

Between 08/2019 and 12/2020, a total of n = 97 patients were treated due to AADA at a single University hospital. Of those, n = 28 received an AMDS hybrid prosthesis, of whom in eight patients, due to intraoperative finding the distal anastomosis line was placed distal to the brachiocephalic trunk. Three patients had AMDS implantation in zone I and four were treated by implantation of the prostheses in zone II, and one patient had the implantation performed in zone III. Clinical outcome and the development of a proportional area of TL and false lumen (FL) at defined levels of the thoracic aorta were analyzed.

Results

None of the surviving patients (87.5%) showed signs of clinical malperfusion (i.e., stroke, spinal cord injury, and need for dialysis). A postoperative CT scan showed an open TL in all patients. The proportion of TL with respect to total aortic diameter (TL+FL) was postoperatively significantly higher in zone III (p = 0.016) and at the level of T11 (p = 0.009). The mean area of TL+FL was comparable between pre- and postoperative CT-scan (p = n.s.). One patient with preoperative resuscitation died of multiple organ failure on extracorporeal life support on postoperative day 3.

Conclusion

Implantation of AMDS can be safely performed in patients who need partial replacement of the aortic arch beyond zone 0. The advantages of the AMDS can be combined with those of the total arch repair (remodeling of the arch and prevention of TL collapse) without the possible disadvantages (risk of spinal cord injury).
Abnormal Diastolic Hemodynamic Forces: A Link Between Right Ventricular Wall Motion, Intracardiac Flow, and Pulmonary Regurgitation in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Loke Yue-Hin , Capuano Francesco , Kollar Sarah , Cibis Merih , Kitslaar Pieter , Balaras Elias , Reiber Johan H. C. , Pedrizzetti Gianni , Olivieri Laura
Published: July 2022

Background and Objective

The effect of chronic pulmonary regurgitation (PR) on right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (RTOF) patients is well recognized by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). However, the link between RV wall motion, intracardiac flow and PR has not been established. Hemodynamic force (HDF) represents the global force exchanged between intracardiac blood volume and endocardium, measurable by 4D flow or by a novel mathematical model of wall motion. In our study, we used this novel methodology to derive HDF in a cohort of RTOF patients, exclusively using routine CMR imaging.

Methods

RTOF patients and controls with CMR imaging were retrospectively included. Three-dimensional (3D) models of RV were segmented, including RV outflow tract (RVOT). Feature-tracking software (QStrain 2.0, Medis Medical Imaging Systems, Leiden, Netherlands) captured endocardial contours from long/short-axis cine and used to reconstruct RV wall motion. A global HDF vector was computed from the moving surface, then decomposed into amplitude/impulse of three directional components based on reference (Apical-to-Basal, Septal-to-Free Wall and Diaphragm-to-RVOT direction). HDF were compared and correlated against CMR and exercise stress test parameters. A subset of RTOF patients had 4D flow that was used to derive vorticity (for correlation) and HDF (for comparison against cine method).

Results

68 RTOF patients and 20 controls were included. RTOF patients had increased diastolic HDF amplitude in all three directions (p<0.05). PR% correlated with Diaphragm-RVOT HDF amplitude/impulse (r = 0.578, p<0.0001, r = 0.508, p < 0.0001, respectively). RV ejection fraction modestly correlated with global HDF amplitude (r = 0.2916, p = 0.031). VO2–max correlated with Septal-to-Free Wall HDF impulse (r = 0.536, p = 0.007). Diaphragm-to-RVOT HDF correlated with RVOT vorticity (r = 0.4997, p = 0.001). There was no significant measurement bias between Cine-derived HDF and 4D flow-derived HDF by Bland-Altman analysis.

Conclusion

RTOF patients have abnormal diastolic HDF that is correlated to PR, RV function, exercise capacity and vorticity. HDF can be derived from conventional cine, and is a potential link between RV wall motion and intracardiac flow from PR in RTOF patients.
Normal Echocardiographic Reference Values of the Right Ventricular to Left Ventricular Endsystolic Diameter Ratio and the Left Ventricular Endsystolic Eccentricity Index in Healthy Children and in Children With Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Schweintzger Sabrina , Kurath-Koller Stefan , Burmas Ante , Grangl Gernot , Fandl Andrea , Noessler Nathalie , Avian Alexander , Gamillscheg Andreas , Chouvarine Philippe , Hansmann Georg , Koestenberger Martin
Published: July 2022

Background

An accurate assessment of the right and left ventricle and their interaction is important in pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH). Our objective was to provide normal reference values for the right ventricular to left ventricular endsystolic (RV/LVes) ratio and the LV endsystolic eccentricity index (LVes EI) in healthy children and in children with PH.

Methods

We conducted an echocardiographic study in 769 healthy children (median age: 3.36 years; range: 1 day—18 years) and validated abnormal values in 44 children with PH (median age: 2.1 years; range: 0.1 months—17.7 years). We determined the effects of gender, age, body length, body weight, and body surface area (BSA) on RV/LVes ratio and LVes EI values. The RV/LVes ratio and LVes EI were measured from the parasternal short axis view between papillary muscle from the endocardial to endocardial surfaces.

Results

Both, the RV/LVes ratio and the LVes EI were highly age-dependent: (i) neonates RV/LVes ratio [median 0.83 (range 0.53–1.37)], LVes EI [1.21 (0.92–1.45)]; (ii) 12–24 months old: RV/LVes ratio: [0.55 (0.35–0.80)], LVes EI: [1.0 (0.88–1.13)]; iii) 18th year of life RV/LVes ratio: [0.53 (0.32–0.74)], LVes EI: [1.0 (0.97–1.07)]. Healthy neonates had high LVes EI and RV/LVes ratios, both gradually decreased within the first year of life and until BSA values of about 0.5 m2, body weight to about 15 kg and body length to about 75 cm, but were almost constant thereafter. Children (>1 year) and adolescents with PH had significantly higher RV/LVes ratio (no PH: median 0.55, IQR 0.49–0.60; PH: 1.02, 0.87–1.26; p < 0.001) and higher LVes EI values (no PH: 1.00, 0.98–1.00; PH: 1.53, 1.26–1.71; p < 0.001) compared to those without PH. To predict the presence of PH in children > 1 year, we found the following best cutoff values: RV/LVes ratio ≥ 0.67 (sensitivity: 1.00, specificity: 0.95) and LVes EI ≥ 1.06 (sensitivity: 1.00, specificity: 0.97).

Conclusion

We provide normal echocardiographic reference values of the RV/LVes ratio and LVes EI in healthy children, as well as statistically determined cutoffs for the increased values in children with PH.
What Is a Trauma Informed Classroom? What Are the Benefits and Challenges Involved?
Authors: Sweetman Norah
Published: July 2022

This paper investigates the elements of a “trauma informed classroom.” The origins of this approach lie in the developing understanding of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and their significant life-long negative effects on development in all areas of life. The study takes a narrative topical approach drawing on established research on trauma impact, and the emerging studies on trauma informed approaches in education. Children and young people affected by traumas such as living with addiction, domestic violence or severe neglect are currently attending educational institutions. There are also young refugees, who are victims of state sponsored violence and brutality. These young people frequently struggle with concentration and may also have relational and behavioural difficulties. Logistical difficulties around attendance, resources, and PTSD type symptoms add to their burden and lead to dropping out or gaining a reputation as a troublemaker or incapable student. The foundation of the “trauma informed classroom” is an understanding by teachers of the daily circumstances of their pupils’ lives, and awareness of what trauma-based reactions and behaviours look like. The rituals and teaching methods of the classroom may be modified in response to the pupils’ needs, in consultation with them, and in a system of ongoing feedback. This work necessitates a collaborative team to support the teacher, and access relevant services. The aim of this paper is to explore the elements of a trauma informed classroom. The benefits and challenges for pupils and teachers will also be discussed.
Long-Term Treatment With Letrozole in a Boy With Familial Male-Limited Precocious Puberty
Authors: Yuan Xin , Chen Ruimin , Zhang Ying , Yang Xiaohong , Lin Xiangquan
Published: July 2022

Background

The long-term follow-up in children with familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP) who were treated with letrozole, triptorelin, and spironolactone is limited, especially considering the efficiency and safety.

Objective

We describe the clinical characteristics and long-term treatment with letrozole on adult height of a boy diagnosed with FMPP, confirmed by analysis of the LHCGR gene.

Methods

Physical examinations, bone age (BA), testosterone, and gonadotropin levels were measured as well as gene sequencing of the proband and parents.

Results

The boy was referred to the hospital at 3.1 years of age due to peripheral precocious puberty. His height was 116.8cm (+5.1SD) and BA was 9 years. Genetic analysis revealed a patrilineal c.1703C>T.(p.Ala568Val) mutation of the LHCGR gene. After treating with letrozole for 1.6 years, the height according to BA went from -3.52SD to -2.82SD. Triptorelin was added at age 4.7 years based on both the evidence of central puberty and his growth velocity according to BA. During the 6.9 years of treatment, he had a height gain of 51.9cm, and BA increased 5.2 years. At age 10, his present height is 168.7cm (0.05SD) and BA is 14.7 years. No adverse effects of treatment were encountered.

Conclusion

A patrilineal mutation of the LHCGR gene has been identified in a boy with FMPP. His height is 168.7cm (-0.05SD) which is approaching his adult height after long-term treatment with letrozole, triptorelin, and spironolactone.
Triglyceride Glucose-Body Mass Index and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Japanese People With Normal Glycemic Level: A Population-Based Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Song Bei , Zhao Xiaofang , Yao Tianci , Lu Weilin , Zhang Hao , Liu Ting , Liu Chengyun , Wang Kun
Published: July 2022

Background

It has been proved that triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) is a readily available and clinically significant indicator of insulin resistance (IR). Nevertheless, the association between TyG-BMI and incident Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains uncertain. This study aimed to study the relationship between TyG-BMI and T2DM and explore the predictive characteristics of TyG-BMI.

Methods

Our study was conducted as a longitudinal cohort study. 8,430 men and 7,034 women were enrolled and analyzed. They were both non-diabetic subjects with normal glycemic levels. Follow-up lasted for 13 years, from 1994 to 2016. To make the number of TyG-BMI in each group similar, the subjects were divided into four groups with 3866 subjects in each group.

Results

During the 13-year follow-up period, 373 subjects were diagnosed with incident T2DM. Our multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that TyG-BMI was an independent predictor of incident T2DM. In addition, our research identified four specific groups, young people (18-44 years old), women, the non-hypertensive population and non-drinkers were at significantly higher risk of developing TyG-BMI-related diabetes (P-interaction< 0.05). The best threshold TyG-BMI for predicting incident T2DM was 197.2987 (area under the curve 0.7738).

Conclusions

Our longitudinal cohort study demonstrated the positive correlation between baseline TyG-BMI and risk of incident T2DM in Japanese with normal glycemic levels, and this risk was significantly higher in the young people, women, the non-hypertensive population and non-drinkers.
Effect of Levothyroxine on Older Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Chunyan , Wang Yueqi , Xiao Liu , Li Lin
Published: July 2022

Background

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is usually treated with levothyroxine, but there is controversy as to whether SCH should be treated, especially for older patients. The aim of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate whether levothyroxine has a beneficial or harmful effect on older patients with SCH.

Methods

Databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang, Weipu and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched from inception until December 21, 2021. Subjects must be diagnosed with SCH, and older than or equal to 60 years of age. Interventions should be thyroid hormone therapy (e.g. levothyroxine). The literature was independently screened by 2 researchers. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software.

Results

A total of 13 articles were included. Meta-analysis results showed that in older SCH patients, levothyroxine can significantly reduce cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.00001), triglyceride (TG) (p < 0.00001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p = 0.03) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) (p < 0.00001). In addition, levothyroxine had no significant effect on bone mineral density, fatigue, hypothyroidism symptoms, quality of life, BMI, cognitive function, depression, blood pressure, etc. in older SCH patients, and also did not significantly increase the incidence of adverse events.

Conclusions

Among older SCH patients, levothyroxine treatment may reduce TC, TG, LDL-C, and ApoB.
Cisplatin Effects on the Human Fetal Testis – Establishing the Sensitive Period for (Pre)Spermatogonial Loss and Relevance for Fertility Preservation in Pre-Pubertal Boys
Authors: Matilionyte Gabriele , Rimmer Michael P. , Spears Norah , Anderson Richard A. , Mitchell Rod T.
Published: July 2022

Background

Exposure to chemotherapy during childhood can impair future fertility. Studies using in vitro culture have shown exposure to platinum-based alkylating-like chemotherapy reduces the germ cell number in the human fetal testicular tissues. We aimed to determine whether effects of exposure to cisplatin on the germ cell sub-populations are dependent on the gestational age of the fetus and what impact this might have on the utility of using human fetal testis cultures to model chemotherapy exposure in childhood testis.

Methods

We utilised an in vitro culture system to culture pieces of human fetal testicular tissues (total n=23 fetuses) from three different gestational age groups (14-16 (early), 17-19 (mid) and 20-22 (late) gestational weeks; GW) of the second trimester. Tissues were exposed to cisplatin or vehicle control for 24 hours, analysing the tissues 72 and 240 hours post-exposure. Number of germ cells and their sub-populations, including gonocytes and (pre)spermatogonia, were quantified.

Results

Total germ cell number and number of both germ cell sub-populations were unchanged at 72 hours post-exposure to cisplatin in the testicular tissues from fetuses of the early (14-16 GW) and late (20-22 GW) second trimester. In the testicular tissues from fetuses of mid (17-19 GW) second trimester, total germ cell and gonocyte number were significantly reduced, whilst (pre)spermatogonial number was unchanged. At 240 hours post-exposure, the total number of germ cells and that of both sub-populations was significantly reduced in the testicular tissues from fetuses of mid- and late-second trimester, whilst germ cells in early-second trimester tissues were unchanged at this time-point.

Conclusions

In vitro culture of human fetal testicular tissues can be a useful model system to investigate the effects of chemotherapy-exposure on germ cell sub-populations during pre-puberty. Interpretation of the results of such studies in terms of relevance to later (infant and pre-pubertal) developmental stages should take into account the changes in germ cell composition and periods of germ cell sensitivity in the human fetal testis.
Expert Opinion on the Management of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Brain Tumor Survivors: Results From an Italian Survey
Authors: Di Iorgi Natascia , Morana Giovanni , Cappa Marco , D’Incerti Ludovico , Garrè Maria Luisa , Grossi Armando , Iughetti Lorenzo , Matarazzo Patrizia , Parpagnoli Maria , Pozzobon Gabriella , Salerno Mariacarolina , Sardi Iacopo , Wasniewska Malgorzata Gabriela , Zucchini Stefano , Rossi Andrea , Maghnie Mohamad
Published: July 2022

Background

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is the first and most common endocrine complication in pediatric brain tumor survivors (BTS). GHD can occur due to the presence of the tumor itself, surgery, or cranial radiotherapy (CRT).

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate management and adherence to current guidelines of the Italian centers engaged in the diagnosis and follow-up of GHD patients with BTS.

Methods

A multidisciplinary scientific board of pediatric endocrinologists, oncologists and radiologists with neuroimaging expertise discussed and reviewed the main issues relating to the management of GHD in pediatric BTS and developed a survey. The survey included questions relating to organizational aspects, risk factors, diagnosis, definition of stable disease, and treatment. The online survey was sent to an expanded panel of specialists dedicated to the care of pediatric BTS, distributed among the three specialty areas and throughout the country (23 Italian cities and 37 Centers).

Results

The online questionnaire was completed by 86.5% (32 out of 37) of the Centers involved. Most had experience in treating these patients, reporting that they follow more than 50 BTS patients per year. Responses were analyzed descriptively and aggregated by physician specialty. Overall, the results of the survey showed some important controversies in real life adherence to the current guidelines, with discrepancies between endocrinologists and oncologists in the definition of risk factors, diagnostic work-up, decision-making processes and safety. Furthermore, there was no agreement on the neuroimaging definition of stable oncological disease and how to manage growth hormone therapy in patients with residual tumor and GHD.

Conclusions

The results of the first Italian national survey on the management of GHD in BTS highlighted the difference in management on some important issues. The time to start and stop rhGH treatment represent areas of major uncertainty. The definition of stable disease remains critical and represents a gap in knowledge that must be addressed within the international guidelines in order to increase height and to improve metabolic and quality of life outcomes in cancer survivors with GHD.
Monocyte to High-Density lipoprotein and Apolipoprotein A1 Ratios: Novel Indicators for Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wang Wei , Chen Zhe Yuan , Guo Xiu Li , Tu Mei
Published: July 2022

Objective

Increasing evidence highlighted that chronic inflammation involved in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This prospective study was aimed to assess the association between MetS and novel pro-inflammatory indicators like monocyte–to–high-density lipoprotein and monocyte–to–apolipoprotein A1 ratios (MHR and MAR) in Chinese newly diagnosed T2DM.

Method

A total of 605 Chinese newly diagnosed T2DM with complete and available data were enrolled in this study. Demographic and anthropometric information were collected. Laboratory assessments were determined by standard methods. MetS was based on the Chinese Diabetes Society definition. Multiple binomial logistic regression model was used to estimate the independent variables of MHR and MAR for MetS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was conducted to assess the optimal cutoff value of MHR and MAR in identifying MetS.

Results

Overall, the prevalence of MetS was 60.2%. The correlation analysis showed that MHR and MAR were closely correlated with metabolic risk factors like body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, uric acid, and insulin resistance. MHR and MAR were also significantly associated with higher odds of MetS after adjustment for other confounders, the odds ratios (ORs) (95%CI) were 1.50 (1.14–1.97) and 2.26(1.79–2.87) respectively. Furthermore, MHR and MAR were also seemed to have higher area under the curve (AUC) for MetS than ApoA1 and monocyte alone from the ROC curve analysis (P < 0.05). The AUCs of MHR and MAR identifying MetS were 0.804 (95% CI: 0.768–0.839) and 0.840 (95% CI: 0.806–0.873) respectively (P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff values of MHR and MAR were 3.57 × 108/mmol (sensitivity: 76.1%, specificity: 73.4%) and 3.95 × 108/g (sensitivity: 79.7%, specificity: 84.6%), respectively.

Conclusions

MHR and MAR were significantly associated with MetS. These two novel pro-inflammatory indicators may be useful markers for MetS in Chinese newly diagnosed T2DM.
Break-in Period ≤24 Hours as an Option for Urgent-start Peritoneal Dialysis in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Hu Xiaoqing , Yang Liming , Sun Zhanshan , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Zhu Xueyan , Zhou Wenhua , Wen Xi , Liu Shichen , Cui Wenpeng
Published: July 2022

Background

The optimal break-in period (BI) of urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (USPD) initiation for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and diabetes is unclear. We aimed to explore the safety and applicability of a BI ≤24 h in patients with ESRD and diabetes.

Methods

We used a retrospective cohort design wherein we recruited patients with ESRD and diabetes who underwent USPD at five institutions in China between January 2013 and August 2020. The enrolled patients were grouped according to BI. The primary outcomes were mechanical and infectious complication occurrences, whereas the secondary outcome was technique survival.

Results

We enrolled 310 patients with diabetes, of whom 155 and 155 patients were in the BI ≤24 h and BI >24 h groups, respectively. The two groups showed a comparable incidence of infectious and mechanical complications within 6 months after catheter insertion (p>0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that a BI ≤24 h was not an independent risk factor for mechanical or infectious complications. Kaplan–Meier estimates showed no statistically significant between-group differences in technique survival rates (p>0.05). Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed that a BI ≤24 h was not an independent risk factor for technique failure.

Conclusion

USPD initiation with a BI ≤24 h may be safe and feasible for patients with ESRD and diabetes.
Casing Deformation Response and Controlling Technology Based on Diagnostics of Shale Gas Fracturing Curve
Authors: Shen Cheng , Zeng Bo , Wu Jianfa , Song Yi , Guo Xingwu , Zhou Xiaojin , Li Junfeng
Published: July 2022

Casing deformation (CD) will seriously affect the fracturing progress and stimulation effect of shale gas. Taking 105 gas wells in the Luzhou shale gas area in southern Sichuan as an example, the CD prediction model was established by introducing the fracture operation curve diagnosis method to analyze the changes in net pressure and propagation mode during fracturing. The fracturing stage induced by CD is called the excited (ET) stage, and the fracturing stage that occurs during CD is called the CD stage. It is concluded that the change of net pressure and the propagation mode are coupled with each other. By natural fracture development, formation curvature and horizontal well trajectory, natural fractures and bedding have been active by high fracturing strength, or because of the frequent crossing-layer in single stage, local stress reverse, makes the net pressure decrease and makes the formation in strike-slip stress state to reverse fault stress state, liquid leak-off and blocked fracture propagation time are increased, thus inducing CD. According to the response law induced by CD, the CD pre-control mode is formed, and the CD pre-control technology is established to quantitatively evaluate the wellbore risk and optimize the fracturing operation order and time arrangement. The CD rate is reduced from 56% in the early stage to 20%, and the integrity of the wellbore is guaranteed to be 100%. The method has strong applicability in the field and can be further popularized.
Small Hydropower—Small Ecological Footprint? A Multi-Annual Environmental Impact Analysis Using Aquatic Macroinvertebrates as Bioindicators. Part 1: Effects on Community Structure
Authors: Scotti Alberto , Jacobsen Dean , Ștefan Valentin , Tappeiner Ulrike , Bottarin Roberta
Published: July 2022

The increasing incentives stemming from many international initiatives that target sustainable energy production have led to the global success of small hydropower plants. However, there is a growing debate about the actual environmental impact these structures have on riverine ecosystems, to the extent that some researchers argue that they could have a proportionally greater impact than large hydropower plants; nevertheless, an empirical evaluation applying a long-term true “Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI)” approach has never been conducted. In a true “BACI” experiment applying generalized linear mixed models, we assessed changes in benthic macroinvertebrate communities—taxonomic composition, spatial and temporal β-diversity, and possible indicator taxa—along 6 sites located in a glacier-fed stream in the Italian Alps before and after the installation of a small “run-of-river” hydropower plant. The “BACI” results over the 5-year study showed no significant variation in the benthic macroinvertebrate communities stemming from the activity of the hydropower plant. Moreover, spatial β-diversity showed, in relation to the “control” site, a constant dissimilarity pattern throughout all the sampling years, exhibiting a constant increase proceeding downstream. On the other hand, temporal β-diversity showed changes in the benthic macroinvertebrate communities, but these changes were largely caused by variation in densities and not by the appearance or disappearance of new taxa. In summary, we were unable to detect a significant impact of the small “run-of-river” hydropower plant on the benthic macroinvertebrate communities of the glacier-fed stream under study. Despite the need of further studies that consider the different features and operational measures of small hydropower plants, our findings illustrate that, when correctly managed, small hydropower plants and the energy they produce may represent an added resource for strategic debates on energy planning processes, especially in light of the commitments at the international level of many countries in developing strategies toward a “carbon-neutral” energy sector.
Response of Seasonally Frozen Ground to Climate Changes in the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Zhao Zhihui , Fu Ruiyu , Liu Junjie , Dai Licong , Guo Xiaowei , Du Yangong , Hu Zhongmin , Cao Guangmin
Published: July 2022

The effects of climate change on permafrost have been well documented in many studies, whereas the effect of climate change on seasonally frozen ground (SFG) is still poorly understood. We used the observed daily freeze depth of SFG and environmental factors data from the period 2007–2016 to examine the seasonal and inter-annual variation of SFG. We quantitatively evaluated the effects of environmental factors on SFG using a boosted regression tree analysis. The results show that, on a seasonal scale, the lower layer soil frost starts freezing in mid-November, with the maximum freeze depth occurring in late March (209 cm), and then begins to thaw in both the lower and upper layers. We identified four stages of the freeze-thaw cycle: the non-frozen phase, initial freezing, deep freezing, and thawing. Furthermore, the thawing process of SFG mainly took place in the upper layer, but the freezing rate of the lower layer from mid-November to early February was similar to the thawing rate of late April to late June. On the inter-annual scale, the maximum freeze depth showed a significant increasing trend (p < 0.05). However, the freeze-thaw duration declined significantly (p < 0.05), which was correlated with the decrease in the period when surface soil temperature is below 0°C. The mean soil temperature and soil heat flux were the most important environmental indicators affecting seasonal variation of SFG depth, and the cumulative negative air and soil temperatures were the dominant factors affecting inter-annual variation of maximum freeze depth. Our results might provide insight into predicting hydrological and ecological responses to future climate change in frozen-ground regions.