bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Allele-Specific Disruption of a Dominant COL6A1 Pathogenic Variant Improves Collagen VI Network in Patient Fibroblasts
Authors: López-Márquez Arístides , Morín Matías , Fernández-Peñalver Sergio , Badosa Carmen , Hernández-Delgado Alejandro , Natera-de Benito Daniel , Ortez Carlos , Nascimento Andrés , Grinberg Daniel , Balcells Susanna , Roldán Mónica , Moreno-Pelayo Miguel Ángel , Jiménez-Mallebrera Cecilia
Published: April 2022

Collagen VI-related disorders are the second most common congenital muscular dystrophies for which no treatments are presently available. They are mostly caused by dominant-negative pathogenic variants in the genes encoding α chains of collagen VI, a heteromeric network forming collagen; for example, the c.877G>A; p.Gly293Arg COL6A1 variant, which alters the proper association of the tetramers to form microfibrils. We tested the potential of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing to silence or correct (using a donor template) a mutant allele in the dermal fibroblasts of four individuals bearing the c.877G>A pathogenic variant. Evaluation of gene-edited cells by next-generation sequencing revealed that correction of the mutant allele by homologous-directed repair occurred at a frequency lower than 1%. However, the presence of frameshift variants and others that provoked the silencing of the mutant allele were found in >40% of reads, with no effects on the wild-type allele. This was confirmed by droplet digital PCR with allele-specific probes, which revealed a reduction in the expression of the mutant allele. Finally, immunofluorescence analyses revealed a recovery in the collagen VI extracellular matrix. In summary, we demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edition can specifically reverse the pathogenic effects of a dominant negative variant in COL6A1.
Optimization of Genome Knock-In Method: Search for the Most Efficient Genome Regions for Transgene Expression in Plants
Authors: Rozov Sergey M. , Permyakova Natalya V. , Sidorchuk Yuriy V. , Deineko Elena V.
Published: April 2022

Plant expression systems are currently regarded as promising alternative platforms for the production of recombinant proteins, including the proteins for biopharmaceutical purposes. However, the accumulation level of a target protein in plant expression systems is still rather low compared with the other existing systems, namely, mammalian, yeast, and E. coli cells. To solve this problem, numerous methods and approaches have been designed and developed. At the same time, the random nature of the distribution of transgenes over the genome can lead to gene silencing, variability in the accumulation of recombinant protein, and also to various insertional mutations. The current research study considered inserting target genes into pre-selected regions of the plant genome (genomic “safe harbors”) using the CRISPR/Cas system. Regions of genes expressed constitutively and at a high transcriptional level in plant cells (housekeeping genes) that are of interest as attractive targets for the delivery of target genes were characterized. The results of the first attempts to deliver target genes to the regions of housekeeping genes are discussed. The approach of “euchromatization” of the transgene integration region using the modified dCas9 associated with transcription factors is considered. A number of the specific features in the spatial chromatin organization allowing individual genes to efficiently transcribe are discussed.
A Novel FGFR1 Missense Mutation in a Portuguese Family with Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Authors: Fadiga Lúcia , Lavrador Mariana , Vicente Nuno , Barros Luísa , Gonçalves Catarina , Al-Naama Asma , Saraiva Luis , Lemos Manuel
Published: April 2022

Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare reproductive endocrine disorder characterized by complete or partial failure of pubertal development and infertility due to deficiency of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). CHH has a significant clinical heterogeneity and can be caused by mutations in over 30 genes. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic defect in two siblings with CHH. A woman with CHH associated with anosmia and her brother with normosmic CHH were investigated by whole exome sequencing. The genetic studies revealed a novel heterozygous missense mutation in the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1) gene (NM_023110.3: c.242T>C, p.Ile81Thr) in the affected siblings and in their unaffected father. The mutation affected a conserved amino acid within the first Ig-like domain (D1) of the protein, was predicted to be pathogenic by structure and sequence-based prediction methods, and was absent in ethnically matched controls. These were consistent with a critical role for the identified missense mutation in the activity of the FGFR1 protein. In conclusion, our identification of a novel missense mutation of the FGFR1 gene associated with a variable expression and incomplete penetrance of CHH extends the known mutational spectrum of this gene and may contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of CHH.
Peptide Antibody Reactivity to Homologous Regions in Glutamate Decarboxylase Isoforms and Coxsackievirus B4 P2C
Authors: Trier Nicole Hartwig , Valdarnini Niccolo , Fanelli Ilaria , Rovero Paolo , Hansen Paul Robert , Schafer-Nielsen Claus , Ciplys Evaldas , Slibinskas Rimantas , Pociot Flemming , Friis Tina , Houen Gunnar
Published: April 2022

Two isoforms of the glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) enzyme exist, GAD65 and GAD67, which are associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and stiff-person syndrome (SPS), respectively. Interestingly, it has been reported that T1D patients seldom develop SPS, whereas patients with SPS occasionally develop T1D. In addition, coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) has previously been proposed to be involved in the onset of T1D through molecular mimicry. On this basis, we aimed to examine antibody cross-reactivity between a specific region of GAD65 and GAD67, which has high sequence homology to the nonstructural P2C protein of CVB4 to determine potential correlations at antibody level. Monoclonal peptide antibodies generated in mice specific for a region with high similarity in all three proteins were screened for reactivity along with human sera in immunoassays. In total, six antibodies were generated. Two of the antibodies reacted to both GAD isoforms. However, none of the antibodies were cross-reactive to CVB, suggesting that antibody cross-reactivity between GAD65 and CVB, and GAD67 and CVB may not contribute to the onset of T1D and SPS, respectively.
Chronological Analysis of Primary Cervical Spine Infection: A Single-Center Analysis of 59 Patients over Three Decades (1992–2018)
Authors: Sung Myung-Jin , Kim Sung-Kyu , Seo Hyoung-Yeon
Published: April 2022

Primary cervical spine infections progress quickly and cause neurological impairment at an early stage. Despite their clinical significance, few studies have investigated primary cervical spine infections, owing to the rarity of the condition. This study analyzed the characteristics of 59 patients treated for primary cervical spine infections between 1992 and 2018 at our hospital. Clinical and radiological analyses were conducted. Moreover, a comparative analysis was performed, incorporating each patient’s underlying disease, mortality and complications, and treatment results. Comparison between groups based on the chronological period (1992–2000, 2001–2009, and 2010–2018) revealed that the mean age of onset has increased significantly in recent years. The rate of neurological impairment, duration of antibiotic use, and frequency of underlying disease increased significantly with time. No significant differences among groups were observed in the hematological and microbiological analyses. The incidence rate of epidural abscess and multisegmental infection increased significantly in recent years. There was no statistically significant difference in the complication and mortality rates, according to the time period. We think that prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are necessary, considering the current trends in primary cervical spine infection.
Membrane Transporters and Carriers in Human Seminal Vesicles
Authors: Malinowski Damian , Grzegółkowski Paweł , Piotrowska Katarzyna , Słojewski Marcin , Droździk Marek
Published: April 2022

Seminal vesicles play an important role in the male reproductive system, producing seminal fluid and thus adequate environment for sperm. However, mechanisms underlying secretory functions of the seminal vesicles’ epithelium have not been defined yet. The aim of the present study was to characterize expression and immunolocalization of selected membrane transporters and carriers in the seminal vesicles. The study included biopsy specimens collected from non-affected parts of seminal vesicles from 53 patients of Caucasian origin subjected for prostatectomy. RT-PCR was used to define expression of 15 genes coding for ABC-family and 37 genes encoding 37 SLC-family transporters/carriers. Immunohistochemistry was used to define localization of 6 transporters. In the seminal vesicles, the following membrane transporters and carriers were defined: ABCA1, ABCB1, ABCB5, ABCB6, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCC3, ABCC4, ABCC5, ABCC6, ABCG2, SLC01C1, SLC02B1, SLC04A1, SLC04C1, SLC10A1, SLC15A1, SLC15A2, SLC16A1, SLC16A3, SLC19A1, SLC22A1, SLC22A3, SLC22A11, SLC22A18, SLC22A4, SLC22A5, SLC28A1, SLC2A9, SLC33A1, SLC47A1, SLC47A2, SLC51A, SLC51B, SLC7A5, SLC7A6. Age-dependent expression was evidenced for ABCB1, ABCG2, SLC04C1, SLC15A1, SLC16A1, SLC22A11, SLC22A18, SLC47A1 and SLC47A2. ABCG2, P-gp, MRP1, MRP3, MCT1 and LAT1 were localized in the apical membrane and P-gp in the basolateral membrane of the seminal vesicle epithelium. The expression of the membrane transporters and carriers in the seminal vesicle epithelium confirms its secretory and barrier functions.
Alexithymia and Psychopathological Manifestations Centered on the Body: Somatization and Self-Harm
Authors: Gatta Michela , Angelico Caterina , Rigoni Francesca , Raffagnato Alessia , Miscioscia Marina
Published: April 2022

The present study aimed to investigate alexithymia and psychopathological manifestations centered on the body in a sample of adolescents with somatizing and/or self-harming issues to analyze the phenomenon of NSSI linked to Somatic Symptom Disorders (SSD). A sample of 184 adolescents between 12 and 19 years of age, was divided into three groups, one with NSSI (n = 49) and the second group with SSD (n = 57), comparing them with a third group of adolescents with SSD and NSSI (n = 78) to investigate their differences and similarities in psychopathological correlates and to analyze the mediation role of alexithymia and emotional dysregulation in NSSI and SSD related to internalizing problems. The battery of tests included the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Youth Self-Report 11–18 (YSR). The NSSI + SSD group scored higher than the other two groups on all the YSR scales. The affective syndromes were the only clinical condition that discriminated between the three groups. On all the other syndrome scales, the NSSI + SSD group differed from the other two groups, while there were no differences between the NSSI group and the SSD group. The NSSI + SSD group revealed a more severely deficient emotional self-regulation. Difficulty identifying feelings was a trait shared by adolescents with SSD and those engaging in NSSI, a more complex overall alexithymia profile was associated with the combination of self-harming behavior and somatization. Alexithymia and emotional dysregulation played a mediating role in the relationship between internalizing problems and somatization. We did not find a mediating role in alexithymia and emotional dysregulation in the relationship between internalizing problems and self-injurious behavior. The combination of NSSI and SSD gave rise to more severe psychopathological correlates, clinical levels of alexithymia, and more severe deficient emotional self-regulation. Results of mediation role indicated a link between alexithymia, emotional dysregulation, and somatization.
Magnetic Resonance Features of Liver Mucinous Colorectal Metastases: What the Radiologist Should Know
Authors: Granata Vincenza , Fusco Roberta , De Muzio Federica , Cutolo Carmen , Setola Sergio , Dell’Aversana Federica , Belli Andrea , Romano Carmela , Ottaiano Alessandro , Nasti Guglielmo , Avallone Antonio , Miele Vittorio , Tatangelo Fabiana , Petrillo Antonella , Izzo Francesco
Published: April 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess MRI features of mucinous liver metastases compared to non-mucinous metastases and hepatic hemangioma. Methods: A radiological archive was assessed from January 2017 to June 2021 to select patients subjected to liver resection for CRCLM and MRI in the staging phase. We selected 20 patients with hepatic hemangioma (study group B). We evaluated (a) the maximum diameter of the lesions, in millimeters, on T1-W flash 2D in phase and out phase, on axial HASTE T2-W and on portal phase axial VIBE T1 W; and (b) the signal intensity (SI) in T1-W sequences, in T2-W sequences, Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) sequences and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps so as to observe (c) the presence and the type of contrast enhancement during the contrast study. The chi-square test was employed to analyze differences in percentage values of the categorical variable, while the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test was used to test for statistically significant differences between the median values of the continuous variables. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The final study population included 52 patients (33 men and 19 women) with 63 years of median age (range 37–82 years) and 157 metastases. In 35 patients, we found 118 non-mucinous type metastases (control group), and in 17 patients, we found 39 mucinous type metastases (study group A). During follow-up, recurrence occurred in 12 patients, and three exhibited mucinous types among them. In the study group, all lesions (100%) showed hypointense SI on T1-W, very high SI (similar to hepatic hemangioma) in T2-W with restricted diffusion and iso-hypointense signals in the ADC map. During the contrast study, the main significant feature is the peripheral progressive enhancement.
Transplant and Recipient Factors in Prediction of Kidney Transplant Outcomes: A UK-Wide Paired Analysis
Authors: Dumbill Richard , Jaques Roderick , Robb Matthew , Johnson Rachel , Ploeg Rutger J. , Kaisar Maria E. , Sharples Edward J.
Published: April 2022

Background: In kidney transplantation, the relative contribution of various donor, procedure and recipient-related factors on clinical outcomes is unknown. Previous paired studies have largely focused on examining factors predicting early outcomes, where the effect of donor factors is thought to be most important. Here, we sought to examine the relationship between early and long-term outcomes in a UK-wide paired kidney analysis. Methods: UK Transplant Registry data covering 24,090 kidney transplants performed between 2001–2018, where both kidneys from each donor were transplanted, were analysed. Case-control studies were constructed using matched pairs of kidneys from the same donor discordant for outcome, to delineate the impact of transplant and recipient factors on longer-term outcomes. Results: Multivariable conditional logistic regression identified HLA mismatch as an important predictor of prolonged delayed graft function (DGF), in the context of a paired study controlling for the influence of donor factors, even when adjusting for early acute rejection. Prolonged DGF, but not human leucocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch, strongly predicted 12-month graft function, and impaired 12-month graft function was associated with an increased risk of graft failure. Conclusions: This study indicates prolonged DGF is associated with adverse long-term outcomes and suggests that alloimmunity may contribute to prolonged DGF by a mechanism distinct from typical early acute rejection.
Exercise Training in Post-COVID-19 Patients: The Need for a Multifactorial Protocol for a Multifactorial Pathophysiology
Authors: Cattadori Gaia , Di Marco Silvia , Baravelli Massimo , Picozzi Anna , Ambrosio Giuseppe
Published: April 2022

The battle against COVID-19 has entered a new phase with Rehabilitation Centres being among the major players, because the medical outcome of COVID-19 patients does not end with the control of pulmonary inflammation marked by a negative virology test, as many patients continue to suffer from long-COVID-19 syndrome. Exercise training is known to be highly valuable in patients with cardiac or lung disease, and it exerts beneficial effects on the immune system and inflammation. We therefore reviewed past and recent papers about exercise training, considering the multifactorial features characterizing post-COVID-19 patients’ clinical conditions. Consequently, we conceived a proposal for a post-COVID-19 patient exercise protocol as a combination of multiple recommended exercise training regimens. Specifically, we built pre-evaluation and exercise training for post-COVID-19 patients taking advantage of the various programs of exercise already validated for diseases that may share pathophysiological and clinical characteristics with long-COVID-19.
Monitoring of Anticoagulant Activity of Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban in the Presence of Heparins
Authors: Jakimczuk Aleksandra , Kalaska Bartlomiej , Kamiński Kamil , Miklosz Joanna , Yusa Shin-Ichi , Pawlak Dariusz , Szczubiałka Krzysztof , Mogielnicki Andrzej
Published: April 2022

The routine monitoring of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) may be considered in patients with renal impairment, patients who are heavily obese, or patients requiring elective surgery. Using the heparin-binding copolymer (HBC) and polybrene, we aimed to develop a solution for monitoring the anticoagulant activity of DOACs in human plasma in the interfering presence of unfractionated heparin (UFH) and enoxaparin. The thrombin time (TT) and anti-factor Xa activity were monitored in pooled plasma from healthy volunteers. In these tests, plasma with dabigatran or rivaroxaban was mixed with UFH or enoxaparin and then incubated with HBC or polybrene, respectively. HBC and polybrene neutralized heparins and enabled monitoring of anticoagulant activity of dabigatran in the TT test. Both agents allowed for accurate measurement of anti-factor Xa activity in the plasma containing rivaroxaban and heparins in the concentration range reached in patients’ blood. Here, we present diagnostic tools that may improve the control of anticoagulation by eliminating the contamination of blood samples with heparins and enabling the monitoring of DOACs’ activity.
Markers of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Severe Obesity and One Year after Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Kovac Nina , Grymyr Lisa M. D. , Gerdts Eva , Nadirpour Saied , Nedrebø Bjørn G. , Hjertaas Johannes J. , Matre Knut , Cramariuc Dana
Published: April 2022

Background: Aortic valve sclerosis (AVS), mitral valve sclerosis (MVS), remodeling of major arteries, and increased pericardial fat are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. We assessed these markers of atherosclerosis in severely obese patients before and 1 year after bariatric surgery. Methods: Eighty-seven severely obese patients (43 ± 10 years, preoperative body mass index [BMI] 41.8 ± 5 kg/m2) underwent echocardiography before and 1 year after Roux-en-Y bypass surgery in the FatWest (Bariatric Surgery on the West Coast of Norway) study. We measured the end-diastolic aortic wall thickness (AWT), pericardial fat thickness at the right ventricular free wall, and AVS/MVS based on combined aortic leaflet thickness and hyperechoic valve lesions. Results: Postoperatively, patients experienced a reduction of 12.9 ± 3.9 kg/m2 in BMI, 0.5 ± 1.9 mm in AWT, 2.6 ± 2.3 mm in pericardial fat, and 45%/53% in AVS/MVS (p < 0.05). In multivariate regression analyses with adjustment for clinical and hemodynamic variables, less pericardial fat reduction was associated with male sex and higher 1-year blood pressure and BMI, and less AWT-reduction with higher age and 1-year BMI (p < 0.05). Persistent AVS and MVS were related to higher 1-year BMI and more advanced valve sclerosis preoperatively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Markers of subclinical atherosclerosis decreases significantly 1 year after bariatric surgery, particularly in younger patients that achieve a BMI < 28 kg/m2.
Associations between Mental Resilience, Mood, Coping, Personality, and Hangover Severity
Authors: Terpstra Chantal , Verster Joris C , Scholey Andrew , Benson Sarah
Published: April 2022

Extensive research exists on relationships between psychological constructs and alcohol consumption. However, research on relationships with hangover severity remains limited. This study aimed to assess the associations between mental resilience, mood (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress), coping, personality, and hangover severity. A total of N = 690 participants completed an online survey by answering questions regarding their demographics, alcohol use, hangover prevalence and severity, and several psychological assessments (Brief Resilience Scale, DASS-21, Brief Cope, and Brief Version of the Big Five Personality Inventory). Significant associations were found between hangover severity and mental resilience, mood, and avoidant coping. Higher levels of mental resilience were associated with less severe hangovers, whereas poorer mood was associated with more severe hangovers. No significant associations were found with personality traits. These findings demonstrate that several associations between psychological constructs and hangover severity exist and suggest a role of psychological factors in the pathology of the alcohol hangover. As our findings contrast with the results of previous studies that did not report an association between mental resilience and the presence and severity of hangovers, further research is warranted.
Does the Foot and Ankle Alignment Impact the Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Martinelli Nicolò , Bergamini Alberto Nicolò , Burssens Arne , Toschi Filippo , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. , Victor Jan , Sansone Valerio
Published: April 2022

Background: A convincing association between the foot and ankle alignment (FAA) and patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) remains debatable in the literature. Therefore, all studies investigating the role of FAA in patients with PFPS were systematically reviewed. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed on the databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were all studies investigating static and/or dynamic FAA factors and PFPS. Studies with less than 20 patients or with patellofemoral osteoarthritis were excluded. The quality assessment was based on Cochrane study criteria, and the maximum score was set at eight. Results: Of 2246 articles, only 13 case-control studies were eligible. Considering static FAA factors, two studies found an association with rearfoot eversion and one with rearfoot inversion. While examining dynamic FAA characteristics, one study found an association with rearfoot eversion range of motion and three with gait kinematics. No further associations were reported. The quality assessment mean score was 5.5 (SD = 0.97) corresponding to moderate quality. Conclusions: In contrast to our expectations, a limited number of studies were founded supporting an association between FAA and PFPS. At present, the quality of the literature is still poor and conflicting, thus the need for further studies to determine any association between FAA and PFPS.
Comparison of Clinical Features and Outcomes between SARS-CoV-2 and Non-SARS-CoV-2 Respiratory Viruses Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Heo Manbong , Jeong Jong Hwan , Ju Sunmi , Lee Seung Jun , Jeong Yi Yeong , Lee Jong Deog , Yoo Jung-Wan
Published: April 2022

Although a few studies comparing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses have been reported, clinical features and outcomes comparing SARS-CoV-2 and non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are still lacking. We retrospectively identified patients with SARS-CoV-2 (November 2020 to January 2022) and non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses associated ARDS (February 2015 to November 2020) at a single tertiary hospital. Their clinical data were obtained by medical record review. All viral infections were confirmed by RT-PCR. Thirty-one SARS-CoV-2 and seventy-one patients with non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses associated ARDS patients were identified. Influenza (62%) was the most common in non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses associated ARDS patients. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 were more likely to be female and had higher body mass index, lower clinical frailty, APACHE II, and SOFA score than those with non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses. All patients with SARS-CoV-2 were treated with corticosteroids and used more high-flow nasal oxygen than those with non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses. The concomitant respiratory bacterial infection was significantly higher in non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses than SARS-CoV-2. Although there were no significant differences in the 28-, 60-day, and in-hospital mortality rates between SARS-CoV-2 and non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses associated ARDS, the duration of mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay were significantly longer in patients with SARS-CoV-2 than those with non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses. Although the severity of illness and the concomitant bacterial infection rate were lower in patients with SARS-CoV-2 associated ARDS, mortality rates did not differ from non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses associated ARDS.
Antifungal Activities of Sulfur and Copper Nanoparticles against Cucumber Postharvest Diseases Caused by Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Sadek Mohamed E. , Shabana Yasser M. , Sayed-Ahmed Khaled , Abou Tabl Ayman H.
Published: April 2022

Nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted great interest in various fields owing to their antimicrobial activity; however, the use of NPs as fungicides on plants has not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, the antifungal activities of sulfur nanoparticles (S-NPs) and copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) prepared by a green method were evaluated against Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The formation of NPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The antifungal activities of NPs (5–100 µg/mL), CuSO4 (4000 µg/mL), and micro sulfur (MS) were compared to those of the recommended chemical fungicide Topsin-M 70 WP at a dose of 1000 µg/mL. They were evaluated in vitro and then in vivo at different temperatures (10 and 20 °C) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruits. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total soluble solids (TSS) were determined to study the effects of various treatments on the shelf life of cucumber fruits, compared to untreated cucumber as a positive control. The diameters of S-NPs and Cu-NPs ranged from 10 to 50 nm, and 2 to 12 nm, respectively. The results revealed that S-NPs exhibited the highest antifungal activity, followed by Cu-NPs. However, CuSO4 showed the lowest antifungal activity among all treatments. The antifungal activity of the prepared NPs increased with the increase in NP concentration, while the fungal growth was less at low temperature. The cytotoxicity of the prepared NPs was evaluated against the WI-38 and Vero cell lines in order to assess their applicability and sustainability. S-NPs caused less cytotoxicity than Cu-NPs.
Management of Delayed Complications of Hydrogel Scleral Buckles
Authors: Yang Hsin-Yu , Yu Wei-Kuang , Tsai Chieh-Chih
Published: April 2022

(1) Background: hydrogel scleral buckles (HSB)-related complications can happen decades after implantation, although this material has been retrieved for a long time. Due to its fragile texture, ensuring the complete removal of this material and avoiding complications are challenging. Incomplete removal, iatrogenic complication, recurrent retinal detachment, and infection could occur. (2) Methods: chart review of patients who developed delayed HSB-related complications and received removal of HSB in Taipei Veterans General Hospital from 2004 to 2021. The presenting symptoms, prior diagnosis before referral, clinical findings, image features, surgical technique, operative findings, and outcome were analyzed. Detailed surgical procedure and tips for removal were demonstrated in the study. (3) Results: a total of eleven patients were identified. The presenting symptoms include limitations to extraocular movement (ten eyes, 90.9%), ocular redness (eight eyes, 72.7%), ocular fullness (eight eyes, 72.7%), pain (six eyes, 54.5%), and exposed ocular foreign body (five eyes, 45.5%). Of note, six patients (54.5%) have monocular glaucoma and four of them have intractable high intraocular pressure. All patients underwent surgeries to smoothly remove swollen HSB via transcutaneous or transconjunctival approach. Most symptoms improved after surgery and no cases developed surgical-related complications. (4) Conclusions: although HSB have been off the market for decades, delayed complications are still emerging. Clinicians should remain alert for potential complications for patients with prior HSB surgeries. Early diagnosis and meticulous management can help to safely remove the expanded HSB and reduce the associated complications.
Postoperative Analgesic Effectiveness of Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ryu Choongun , Choi Geun Joo , Jung Yong Hun , Baek Chong Wha , Cho Choon Kyu , Kang Hyun
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to determine the analgesic effectiveness of peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs), including each anatomical approach, with or without intrathecal morphine (ITMP) in cesarean delivery (CD). All relevant randomized controlled trials comparing the analgesic effectiveness of PNBs with or without ITMP after CD until July 2021. The two co-primary outcomes were designated as (1) pain at rest 6 h after surgery and (2) postoperative cumulative 24-h morphine equivalent consumption. Secondary outcomes were the time to first analgesic request, pain at rest 24 h, and dynamic pain 6 and 24 h after surgery. Seventy-six studies (6278 women) were analyzed. The combined ilioinguinal nerve and anterior transversus abdominis plane (II-aTAP) block in conjunction with ITMP had the highest SUCRA (surface under the cumulative ranking curve) values for postoperative rest pain at 6 h (88.4%) and 24-h morphine consumption (99.4%). Additionally, ITMP, ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve block in conjunction with ITMP, lateral TAP block, and wound infiltration (WI) or continuous infusion (WC) below the fascia also showed a significant reduction in two co-primary outcomes. Only the II-aTAP block had a statistically significant additional analgesic effect compared to ITMP alone on rest pain at 6 h after surgery (−7.60 (−12.49, −2.70)). In conclusion, combined II-aTAP block in conjunction with ITMP is the most effective post-cesarean analgesic strategy with lower rest pain at 6 h and cumulative 24-h morphine consumption. Using the six described analgesic strategies for postoperative pain management after CD is considered reasonable. Lateral TAP block, WI, and WC below the fascia may be useful alternatives in patients with a history of sensitivity or severe adverse effects to opioids or when the CD is conducted under general anesthesia.
Association between Glasgow Coma Scale in Early Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Development of Delayed Neurological Sequelae: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Namgung Myeong , Oh Jaehoon , Ahn Chiwon , Kim Chan Woong , Lee Heekyung , Kang Hyunggoo
Published: April 2022

A significant number of people experience delayed neurologic sequelae after acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) can be used to predict delayed neurologic sequelae occurrence efficiently and without any restrictions. Here, we investigated the association between a low GCS score observed in cases of early CO poisoning and delayed neurologic sequelae development through a meta-analysis. We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for studies on GCS as a predictor of delayed neurologic sequelae occurrence in patients with CO poisoning in June 2021. Two reviewers independently extracted study characteristics and pooled data. We also conducted subgroup analyses for the cutoff point for GCS. To assess the risk of bias of each included study, we used the quality in prognosis studies tool. We included 2328 patients from 10 studies. With regard to patients with acute CO poisoning, in the overall pooled odds ratio (OR) of delayed neurologic sequelae development, those with a low GCS score showed a significantly higher value and moderate heterogeneity (OR 2.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.10–4.23, I2 = 33%). Additionally, in subgroup analyses according to the cutoff point of GCS, the development of delayed neurologic sequelae was still significantly higher in the GCS < 9 group (OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.91–4.12, I2 = 34%) than in the GCS < 10 or GCS < 11 groups (OR 4.24, 95% CI 1.55–11.56, I2 = 48%). An initial low GCS score in patients with early CO poisoning was associated with the occurrence of delayed neurologic sequelae. Additionally, GCS was quickly, easily, and accurately assessed. It is therefore possible to predict delayed neurologic sequelae and establish an active treatment strategy, such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy, to minimize neurological sequelae using GCS.
Aortic Risks Prediction Models after Cardiac Surgeries Using Integrated Data
Authors: Lenivtceva Iuliia , Panfilov Dmitri , Kopanitsa Georgy , Kozlov Boris
Published: April 2022

The complications of thoracic aortic disease include aortic dissection and aneurysm. The risks are frequently compounded by many cardiovascular comorbidities, which makes the process of clinical decision making complicated. The purpose of this study is to develop risk predictive models for patients after thoracic aneurysm surgeries, using integrated data from different medical institutions. Seven risk features were formulated for prediction. The CatBoost classifier performed best and provided an ROC AUC of 0.94–0.98 and an F-score of 0.95–0.98. The obtained results are widely in line with the current literature. The obtained findings provide additional support for clinical decision making, guiding a patient care team prior to surgical treatment, and promoting a safe postoperative period.
Prioritization of Candidate Biomarkers for Degenerative Aortic Stenosis through a Systems Biology-Based In-Silico Approach
Authors: Corbacho-Alonso Nerea , Sastre-Oliva Tamara , Corros Cecilia , Tejerina Teresa , Solis Jorge , López-Almodovar Luis F. , Padial Luis R. , Mourino-Alvarez Laura , Barderas Maria G.
Published: April 2022

Degenerative aortic stenosis is the most common valve disease in the elderly and is usually confirmed at an advanced stage when the only treatment is surgery. This work is focused on the study of previously defined biomarkers through systems biology and artificial neuronal networks to understand their potential role within aortic stenosis. The goal was generating a molecular panel of biomarkers to ensure an accurate diagnosis, risk stratification, and follow-up of aortic stenosis patients. We used in silico studies to combine and re-analyze the results of our previous studies and, with information from multiple databases, established a mathematical model. After this, we prioritized two proteins related to endoplasmic reticulum stress, thrombospondin-1 and endoplasmin, which have not been previously validated as markers for aortic stenosis, and analyzed them in a cell model and in plasma from human subjects. Large-scale bioinformatics tools allow us to extract the most significant results after using high throughput analytical techniques. Our results could help to prevent the development of aortic stenosis and open the possibility of a future strategy based on more specific therapies.
Factors That Contribute to hIAPP Amyloidosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sevcuka Adriana , White Kenneth , Terry Cassandra
Published: April 2022

Cases of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are increasing at an alarming rate due to the rise in obesity, sedentary lifestyles, glucose-rich diets and other factors. Numerous studies have increasingly illustrated the pivotal role that human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) plays in the pathology of T2DM through damage and subsequent loss of pancreatic β-cell mass. HIAPP can misfold and form amyloid fibrils which are preceded by pre-fibrillar oligomers and monomers, all of which have been linked, to a certain extent, to β-cell cytotoxicity through a range of proposed mechanisms. This review provides an up-to-date summary of recent progress in the field, highlighting factors that contribute to hIAPP misfolding and aggregation such as hIAPP protein concentration, cell stress, molecular chaperones, the immune system response and cross-seeding with other amyloidogenic proteins. Understanding the structure of hIAPP and how these factors affect amyloid formation will help us better understand how hIAPP misfolds and aggregates and, importantly, help identify potential therapeutic targets for inhibiting amyloidosis so alternate and more effective treatments for T2DM can be developed.
Characterization of Oligopeptides in Solanum lycopersicum Xylem Exudates
Authors: Okamoto Satoru , Kawasaki Azusa , Makino Yumiko
Published: April 2022

The xylem is the main pathway for the transport of water and molecules from roots to shoots. To date, it has been reported that secreted oligopeptides mediate root-to-shoot signaling, and some long-distance mobile oligopeptides have been detected in xylem exudates. However, the conservation of a number of oligopeptides and the overall features of peptide fragments contained in xylem exudates are poorly understood. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of small proteins and peptides in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) xylem exudates and characterized the identified peptide fragments. We found that putative secreted proteins were enriched in xylem exudates compared with all proteins in the tomato protein database. We identified seven oligopeptides that showed common features of bioactive oligopeptides, including homologs of CLV3/ESR-related (CLE), C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE (CEP), and CASPARIAN STRIP INTEGRITY FACTOR (CIF) peptides. Furthermore, five of the identified oligopeptides were homologs of the soybean xylem exudate-associated oligopeptides that we previously reported. Our results suggest that oligopeptides in xylem exudates are conserved across plant species and provide insights into not only root-to-shoot signaling but also the maintenance of the xylem conduit.
Effects of Zn Contents on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Semisolid Rheo-Diecasting Al-xZn-2Mg-1.5Cu Alloys
Authors: Hou Saiheng , Feng Jian , Chen Song , Zhang Fan , Li Daquan
Published: April 2022

The microstructure and mechanical properties of semisolid rheo-diecasting Al-xZn-2Mg-1.5Cu alloys with different Zn contents were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), hardness testing (HV) and room temperature tensile testing. Results show that the as-cast microstructure mainly consists of spherical α-Al and Mg(Al, Cu, Zn)2 phases. Furthermore, a small amounts of Al7Cu2Fe phases were also detected along the grain boundary. Increasing the Zn contents from 8–12%, the volume fraction of the Mg(Al, Cu, Zn)2 phases increases from 4.9–7.4%. After solution heat treatment at 470 °C for 8 h, most of the Mg(Al, Cu, Zn)2 dissolves into the α-Al matrix, while the Al7Cu2Fe phase keeps with remains. The yield strength linearly increases from 482 ± 5 MPa of 8% Zn to 529 ± 5 MPa of 12% Zn. While, the ultimate strength of 10% Zn is 584 ± 2 MPa, which is higher than that of the other two alloys. Moreover, the average elongation dramatically decreases from 13% for the 8% Zn alloy to 2% for the 12% Zn alloy.
Special Issue: “Surface Engineering and Coating Technologies for Corrosion and Tribocorrosion Resistance”
Authors: Sun Yong
Published: April 2022

The corrosion of a material results from its interaction with the surrounding environment, which can lead to physical and chemical changes in the material and the loss of its functional properties [...]
Effects of Laser Powers on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al0.5FeCoCrNi High-Entropy Alloys Fabricated by Laser Melting Deposition
Authors: Zhang Xuesong , Tian Yinbao , Manladan Sunusi Marwana , Cui Yan , Geng Keping , Cai Yangchuan , Han Jian
Published: April 2022

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) show great promise for various applications in many fields. However, it still remains a challenge to obtain the ideal match of the tensile strength and the ductility. In this paper, Al0.5FeCoCrNi walls were fabricated through laser melting deposition (LMD) technology with laser power ranging from 1000 W to 1800 W. Along with the increase in laser power, the average size of the Al0.5FeCoCrNi walls increased from 14.31 μm to 34.88 μm, and the B2 phase decreased from 16.5% to 2.1%. Notably, the ultimate tensile strength and the ductility of the 1000 W bottom wall were 737 MPa and 24.6%, respectively, while those of 1800 W top wall were 641 MPa and 27.6%, respectively, demonstrating that the tensile strength of the walls decreased and the ductility increased with the increase in laser power. Furthermore, quantitative calculation revealed that grain boundary strengthening and dislocation strengthening were the two major forms of strengthening compared to the others. This study concluded that the mechanical properties of HEAs could be regulated by laser power, enabling broader applications in industry with favorable tensile strength or ductility.
Hydroxyapatite Use in Spine Surgery—Molecular and Clinical Aspect
Authors: Litak Jakub , Czyzewski Wojciech , Szymoniuk Michał , Pastuszak Bartlomiej , Litak Joanna , Litak Grzegorz , Grochowski Cezary , Rahnama-Hezavah Mansur , Kamieniak Piotr
Published: April 2022

Hydroxyapatite possesses desirable properties as a scaffold in tissue engineering: it is biocompatible at a site of implantation, and it is degradable to non-toxic products. Moreover, its porosity enables infiltration of cells, nutrients and waste products. The outcome of hydroxyapatite implantation highly depends on the extent of the host immune response. Authors emphasise major roles of the chemical, morphological and physical properties of the surface of biomaterial used. A number of techniques have been applied to transform the theoretical osteoconductive features of HAp into spinal fusion systems—from integration of HAp with autograft to synthetic intervertebral implants. The most popular uses of HAp in spine surgery include implants (ACDF), bone grafts in posterolateral lumbar fusion and transpedicular screws coating. In the past, autologous bone graft has been used as an intervertebral cage in ACDF. Due to the morbidity related to autograft harvesting from the iliac bone, a synthetic cage with osteoconductive material such as hydroxyapatite seems to be a good alternative. Regarding posterolateral lumbar fusion, it requires the graft to induce new bone growth and reinforce fusion between the vertebrae. Hydroxyapatite formulations have shown good results in that field. Moreover, the HAp coating has proven to be an efficient method of increasing screw fixation strength. It can decrease the risk of complications such as screw loosening after pedicle screw fixation in osteoporotic patients. The purpose of this literature review is to describe in vivo reaction to HAp implants and to summarise its current application in spine surgery.
Thermal Comfort and Electrostatic Properties of Socks Containing Fibers with Bio-Ceramic, Silver and Carbon Additives
Authors: Stygienė Laimutė , Krauledas Sigitas , Abraitienė Aušra , Varnaitė-Žuravliova Sandra , Dubinskaitė Kristina
Published: April 2022

Socks are an important part of our clothing used in everyday activities. In order to ensure thermal comfort during wear in cool outdoor or indoor conditions, and for health improvement, socks must have effective thermoregulation properties. Chemical far-infrared (FIR) fibers with different bio-ceramic compounds incorporated into socks’ structures can provide an improved thermoregulation effect to the wearer of the socks. Fibers with silver and carbon additives incorporated in their structures can also affect the thermoregulation properties of socks. Moreover, these conductive additives avoid the unpleasant effect of static electricity of socks. The main parts of the different investigated structures of the socks were made in a plush pattern. The plush loops were formed by using functional Resistex® Bioceramic, Shieldex® and two modifications of Nega-Stat® fiber yarns. The main thermal comfort (thermal efficiency, microclimate and heat exchange temperatures, thermal resistance, water vapor permeability) and electrostatic (surface and vertical resistances, shielding factor, half time decay of charge) properties of the socks were investigated. Based on the obtained results of the thermal comfort and electrostatic characteristics of the different investigated structures of socks, the optimal static dissipative (half-time decay <0.01 s, shielding factor—0.96) plush knitting structure with 55% Resistex® Bioceramic and 31% bicomponent Nega-Stat® P210 fibers yarns was selected. Comparing the control sample without FIR and the knitted structure with conductive additives, we can draw the conclusion that the heat retention capability of the selected socks was improved by 1.5 °C and the temperature of their created microclimate was improved by 2 °C.
Effects of Stepped Heating on the Initial Growth of Oxide Scales on NiCrAlHf Bond Coat Alloy under Air and Water Vapor Atmospheres
Authors: He Yang , Zheng Biju , Song Peng , Huang Taihong , Pei Hezhong , Yang Bixiao , Shakeel Shakeel
Published: April 2022

Temperature and atmosphere have a significant effect on the oxidation of MCrAlY (M = Ni, Co) bond coating. The initial growth behavior of the NiCrAlHf bond coat alloy was investigated at 1100 °C under different atmospheric conditions and using heating methods. A thick Al2O3 oxide layer and large HfO2 particles were observed, perhaps due to metastable oxide growth at low temperatures when using stepped heating. However, in air and water vapor atmospheres, the oxide scale was thinner and the HfO2 precipitates were smaller in stepped heating than in constant heating. The size and distribution of the HfO2 particles might have induced different microstructures, particularly voids within the oxide scale.
Characterization of Al2O3 Matrix Composites Fabricated via the Slip Casting Method Using NiAl-Al2O3 Composite Powder
Authors: Zygmuntowicz Justyna , Konopka Katarzyna , Krasnowski Marek , Piotrkiewicz Paulina , Bolek Jan , Wachowski Marcin , Żurowski Radosław , Szafran Mikołaj
Published: April 2022

This work aimed to characterize Al2O3 matrix composites fabricated by the slip casting method using NiAl-Al2O3 composite powder as the initial powder. The composite powder, consisting of NiAl + 30 wt.% Al2O3, was obtained by mechanical alloying of Al2O3, Al, and Ni powders. The composite powder was added to the Al2O3 powder to prepare the final powder for the slip casting method. The stained composite samples presented high density. EDX and XRD analyses showed that the sintering process of the samples in an air atmosphere caused the formation of the NiAl2O4 spinel phase. Finally, the phase composition of the composites changed from the initial phases of Al2O3 and NiAl to Al2O3, Ni, and NiAl2O4. However, in the area of Ni, fine Al2O3 particles remaining from the initial composite powder were visible. It can be concluded that after slip casting, after starting with Al2O3 and the composite powder (NiAl-Al2O3) and upon sintering in air, ceramic matrix composites with Ni and NiAl2O4 phases, complex structures, high-quality sintered samples, and favorable mechanical properties were obtained.