bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A favela como espaço da relação entre religião e violência: a violência fundante no cotidiano e na teologia cristã
Authors: Gonçalves da Silva Priscila Alves
Published: August 2020

Este artigo objetiva discutir a presença de violência no cotidiano da favela, de forma geral, e também a estrutura vitimária e sacrificial que fundamenta a teologia cristã tradicional. Ao falarmos de favela, estamos considerando a realidade do Rio de Janeiro, buscando apresentar a religião como uma ferramenta de administração histórica da violência, mesmo considerando o surgimento do Estado moderno. Para tanto, veremos um panorama histórico da formação das favelas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, partindo da perspectiva econômica que desde sempre privilegiou grupos de pessoas em detrimento de outros. Na sequência, discorreremos sobre qual violência estamos tratando quando associamos este fenômeno à realidade do Rio de Janeiro, e por fim, veremos como a própria teologia cristã ocidental está fundamentada em estruturas onde a morte e a sanguinolência são mascaradas para que fique evidenciado a salvação que parte diretamente de Deus, ambiguamente o mesmo que faz exigências de sacrifícios e está no topo da estrutura vitimária.
Missão e diálogo inter-religioso: desafios teológicos e avanços no diálogo inter-religioso com as religiões tradicionais africanas
Authors: Dietrich Luiz José , De Almeida Nadi Maria
Published: August 2020

O artigo pretende fazer uma abordagem teológico-pastoral da missão e do diálogo inter-religioso com as religiões tradicionais africanas a partir de estudos bibliográficos de teólogos pesquisadores que escrevem sobre o assunto. O trabalho tem três partes. A primeira parte apresenta os desafios teológicos do diálogo inter-religioso. A segunda parte enfoca a teologia cristã das religiões tradicionais africanas e a última parte aborda a teologia cristã do pluralismo religioso com as religiões tradicionais africanas. O estudo pretende mostrar os desafios e avanços teológicos da missão e do diálogo inter-religioso entre o cristianismo e as religiões tradicionais na África que são obtidos não apenas do mundo abstrato dos livros, mas especialmente a partir da inserção na realidade do povo e das religiões tradicionais.  Somente a partir da experiência se pode considerar os pontos de convergências e apreciar a grandeza de Deus que se faz presente em todas as culturas e religiões.
O empenho ecumênico da Igreja católica
Authors: Da Silva Maycon Renan
Published: August 2020

O ecumenismo, ainda recente na Igreja católica romana, precisa ser cada vez mais acolhido, refletido e posto em prática. A questão ecumênica, indubitavelmente faz parte do ser cristão, pois é inconcebível dizer ser cristão, mas não buscar a unidade, de modo que a unidade é uma das características da Igreja, visto que Deus, apesar de três pessoas, é um só. Foi principalmente com o papa João XXIII que a Igreja teve uma grande abertura para o diálogo ecumênico, de modo que, assim, culminou no grande evento do século XX para a Igreja: o Concílio Vaticano II. Tal evento foi realmente um novo Pentecostes para a Igreja. Portanto, o presente artigo visa refletir acerca do empenho ecumênico da Igreja católica romana, sobretudo em torno do Concílio Vaticano II.
Sínodo Panamazónico y diálogo: una lectura sincrónica del concepto “Madre Tierra”
Authors: Rivera Edgar Javier González
Published: August 2020

El artículo hace una lectura de los documentos Instrumentum laboris, Documento final y exhortación postsinodal Querida Amazonia en clave de diálogo por medio del polémico concepto “Madre Tierra”. Usando una lectura sincrónica (al mismo tiempo) de los mencionados textos diacrónicos (escritos en distinto tiempo) se busca una interpretación transversal, al interno del proceso sinodal, como si se tratara del encuentro de dos sujetos que quieren conversar y discernir. Ningún diálogo es fácil, sobre todo, teniendo en cuenta las diferencias de los interlocutores, pero del encuentro con “el diferente” puede llegarse a un mutuo enriquecimiento. El concepto “Madre Tierra”, usado mediáticamente como una confrontación durante el desarrollo del sínodo, auxilia el encuentro intercultural y el diálogo interreligioso para confeccionar el rostro amazónico de la Iglesia en esos territorios. El artículo quiere mostrar, por medio de la figura materna, que cuando hay auténtico diálogo, escucha e interpelación puede producirse un crecimiento en el conocimiento mutuo para alcanzar “lo bueno”.
Senotherapeutic drugs for human intervertebral disc degeneration and low back pain
Authors: Cherif Hosni , Bisson Daniel G , Mannarino Matthew , Rabau Oded , Ouellet Jean A , Haglund Lisbet
Published: August 2020

Cellular senescence is a contributor to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and low back pain. Here, we found that RG-7112, a potent mouse double-minute two protein inhibitor, selectively kills senescent IVD cells through apoptosis. Gene expression pathway analysis was used to compare the functional networks of genes affected by RG-7112, a pure synthetic senolytic with o-Vanillin a natural and anti-inflammatory senolytic. Both affected a functional gene network related to cell death and survival. O-Vanillin also affected networks related to cell cycle progression as well as connective tissue development and function. Both senolytics effectively decreased the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) of IVD cells. Furthermore, bioavailability and efficacy were verified ex vivo in the physiological environment of degenerating intact human discs where a single dose improved disc matrix homeostasis. Matrix improvement correlated with a reduction in senescent cells and SASP, supporting a translational potential of targeting senescent cells as a therapeutic intervention.
Chemotype classification and biomarker screening of male Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. flower core collections using UPLC-QTOF/MS-based non-targeted metabolomics
Authors: Liu Panfeng , Wang Lu , Du Qingxin , Du Hongyan
Published: August 2020

Background

In the Chinese health care industry, male Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. flowers are newly approved as a raw material of functional food. Core collections have been constructed from conserved germplasm resources based on phenotypic traits and molecular markers. However, little is known about these collections’ phytochemical properties. This study explored the chemical composition of male E. ulmoides flowers, in order to provide guidance in the quality control, sustainable cultivation, and directional breeding of this tree species.

Methods

We assessed the male flowers from 22 core collections using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) non-targeted metabolomics, and analyzed them using multivariate statistical methods including principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).

Results

We annotated a total of 451 and 325 metabolites in ESI+ and ESI− modes, respectively, by aligning the mass fragments of the secondary mass spectra with those in the database. Four chemotypes were well established using the ESI+ metabolomics data. Of the 29 screened biomarkers, 21, 6, 19, and 5 markers corresponded to chemotypes I, II, III, and IV, respectively. More than half of the markers belonged to flavonoid and amino acid derivative classes.

Conclusion

Non-targeted metabolomics is a suitable approach to the chemotype classification and biomarker screening of male E. ulmoides flower core collections. We first evaluated the metabolite profiles and compositional variations of male E. ulmoides flowers in representative core collections before establishing possible chemotypes and significant biomarkers denoting the variations. We used genetic variations to infer the metabolite compositional variations of male E. ulmoides flower core collections instead of using the geographical origins of the germplasm resources. The newly proposed biomarkers sufficiently classified the chemotypes to be applied for germplasm resource evaluation.
Human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)/stem cell factor (SCF) fusion proteins: design, characterization and activity
Authors: Mickiene Gitana , Dalgėdienė Indrė , Zvirblis Gintautas , Dapkunas Zilvinas , Plikusiene Ieva , Buzavaite-Verteliene Ernesta , Balevičius Zigmas , Rukšėnaitė Audronė , Pleckaityte Milda
Published: August 2020

Background

Stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) are well-characterized vital hematopoietic growth factors that regulate hematopoiesis. G-CSF and SCF synergistically exhibit a stimulatory effect on hematopoietic progenitors. The combination of G-CSF and SCF has been used for mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells in cancer and non-cancerous conditions. To overcome challenges connected with the administration of two cytokines, we developed two fusion proteins composed of human SCF and human G-CSF interspaced by an alpha-helix-forming peptide linker.

Methods

The recombinant proteins SCF-Lα-GCSF and GCSF-Lα-SCF were purified in three steps using an ion-exchange and mixed-mode chromatography. The purity and quantity of the proteins after each stage of purification was assessed using RP-HPLC, SDS-PAGE, and the Bradford assays. Purified proteins were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS) and the Western blot analyses. The molecular weight was determined by size exclusion HPLC (SE-HPLC). The activity of heterodimers was assessed using cell proliferation assays in vitro. The capacity of recombinant fusion proteins to stimulate the increase of the absolute neutrophil count in rats was determined in vivo. The binding kinetics of the proteins to immobilized G-CSF and SCF receptors was measured using total internal reflection ellipsometry and evaluated by a standard Langmuir kinetics model.

Results

The novel SCF-Lα-GCSF and GCSF-Lα-SCF proteins were synthesized inEscherichia coli. The purity of the heterodimers reached >90% as determined by RP-HPLC. The identity of the proteins was confirmed using the Western blot and HPLC/ESI-MS assays. An array of multimeric forms, non-covalently associated dimers or trimers were detected in the protein preparations by SE-HPLC. Each protein induced a dose-dependent proliferative response on the cell lines. At equimolar concentration, the heterodimers retain 70–140% of the SCF monomer activity (p≤ 0.01) in promoting the M-07e cells proliferation. The G-CSF moiety in GCSF-Lα-SCF retained 15% (p≤ 0.0001) and in SCF-Lα-GCSF retained 34% (p≤ 0.01) of the monomeric G-CSF activity in stimulating the growth of G-NFS-60 cells. The obtained results were in good agreement with the binding data of each moiety in the fusion proteins to their respective receptors. The increase in the absolute neutrophil count in rats caused by the SCF-Lα-GCSF protein corresponded to the increase induced by a mixture of SCF and G-CSF.
Efficacy and Safety of Fenofibrate in Uncomplicated Hyperbilirubinemia in Newborn: A Randomized Trial, with a 6-month Follow-up
Authors: Gohil Jayendra R. , Rathod Vishal S. , Rathod Bhoomika D.
Published: August 2020

Objective: To study the effect and safety of Fenofibrate in uncomplicated hyperbilirubinemia in newborn with 6-month follow-up.

Materials and Methods: This is a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted in 60 normal term neonates admitted for uncomplicated hyperbilirubinemia in NICU at Sir T G Hospital, Bhavnagar from January 2012 to December 2012. The data included: age, sex, total serum bilirubin (TSB), weight and duration of phototherapy. All neonates enrolled in the study received phototherapy. They were divided in two groups of 30 each: control group A and group B receiving Fenofibrate (100 mg/kg single dose). There was statistically insignificant difference between the parameters of age, sex, weight and TSB between the two groups at hospitalization. Data was analyzed by using appropriate statistical methods.

Results: Mean values for total serum bilirubin in Fenofibrate group B at 24 and 48 hours after admission were significantly lower than those for control group A (p<0.0001,  p=0.0001). There was no significant difference in fall of TSB between 24 and 48 hours. The mean duration of phototherapy in Fenofibrate group (44.8h: 24-72h) was significantly shorter than that in control group (55.2 h: 24‐96 h) (P=0.02). There were no side effects of the drug observed during the study and during 6 months follow up period.

Conclusion: Fenofibrate as a single 100 mg/kg dose in healthy full term neonates, is effective and a safe drug (till six-month follow-up) for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, that can decrease the time needed for phototherapy and hence hospitalization. Effect of a single dose seems to wane after 24 hours.
Efficacy of Iron Fortification to Augment the Nutritional Quality of Some Winter Season Leafy Vegetables
Authors: Das Kshouni , Chatterjee Ranjit , Sinha Trisha
Published: August 2020

Iron is one of the most important micronutrients essential for human subsistence which is available in our diet through different vegetables (leafy vegetables, leguminous vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, cucurbits, potato, sweet potato, drumstick etc.) but especially the leafy vegetables. The different leafy vegetables are the reservoir of different vitamins and minerals that mostly include calcium, phosphorous and iron. Iron deficiency leads to anaemia is a threat throughout the world, more specifically found in women and children. Enrichment of iron content of these leafy vegetables can be achieved through iron fertilization which may play vital role to alleviate the problem of anaemia. Besides this, less bioavailability of non heme iron content (iron in plants) is also a big challenge. Considering these two factors, an experimental study was conducted in factorial randomized block design with three replications during the winter season of the year of 2018-19 at UBKV, Pundibari, Cooch Behar to evaluate the status of iron enrichment in ten (10) popular green leafy vegetables (Amaranthus, buck wheat leaves, coriander leaves, fenugreek leaves, garden pea leaves, Malva leaves, mustard leaves, onion leaves, palak leaves, radish leaves). Ferrous sulphate heptahydrate (FeSo4, 7H2O, 16% Fe) was applied as a source of iron fertilizer in three different modes (Soil, foliar and combination of soil and foliar) along with control. Application of iron fertilizer significantly increased the leaf iron content and it showed synergistic effect on other quality parameters like ascorbic acid content, vitamin A content, and total chlorophyll content of the leafy vegetables. Highest leaf iron content at first (22.43 mg/100 g), second (21.30 mg/100 g) and third (20.26 mg/100 g) harvesting  was found in Amaranthus from the treatment of 100% of recommended dose (0.5 g/lit of water) of ferrous sulphate heptahydrate (FeSo4, 7H2O, 16% Fe) through foliar spray at 4 weeks after sowing (T2L1).Therefore, iron fortification of leafy vegetables through ferrous sulphate heptahydrate (FeSo4, 7H2O, 16% Fe) application might be a feasible alternative to mitigate the problem of iron deficiency anaemia as well as to meet the daily needs of iron through consumption of iron rich leafy vegetables.
Social Maturity of Tribal Adolescents in Relation to Their Family Climate
Authors: Samhitha K. , Sreedevi P.
Published: August 2020

Aims: The present study was undertaken to find out the relationship between social maturity of the tribal adolescents and their perceptions on their family climate.

Study Design: Ex-post factor research design was used for the study.

Methodology: A total sample of 120 adolescents out of which 60 boys and 60 girls in the age range of 13-19 years were selected through purposive random sampling method. The study was conducted in Adilabad District of Telangana State. Social maturity of the respondents was assessed by using Rao’s Social Maturity Scale. Perceptions of the tribal adolescents on their family climate were assessed by using Family climate Scale by Dr Beena Shah (2001). The data was analysed using Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results: The results revealed that, attributes like Freedom, Indulgence, Partiality, Warmth, Trust, Expectations showed significant and positive correlation with social maturity.
Studies on Plasmodium falciparum Infection Rates among Patients Attending General Hospitals in Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Adulugba O. A. , Amali O. , Ikpa F. T. , Manyi M. M. , Obisike V. U.
Published: August 2020

Plasmodium falciparum is the most virulent and prevalent malaria parasite in Nigeria .This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria infection among patients at General Hospitals in Benue State. A total of 1200 patients were examined in this study.  Blood samples were collected by finger prick onto clean slides and into the round sample well of PfRDTs. Thick and thin blood films were prepared for microscopic examination. The overall prevalence of malaria infection was 34.8%. A questionnaire was used to determine some demographic factors. Prevalence of malaria in relation to residence, rural area recorded higher prevalence of 42.2% than urban area with prevalence of 23.8%. Chi square analysis showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in prevalence in relation to residence. The Prevalence of malaria in relation to age groups, age between 6-10 and 7-15 recorded higher infection rate of 54.5% and 51.5% respectively. While, age group >46 recorded  17.5%. The female patients 36.2% were more infected than the males 33.1%.Patients that had informal education recorded higher prevalence rate of 89.2% and those that are farmers had 57.9%. Chi square analysis however showed that the difference was significant (p < 0.05). A significant difference  (P<0.05) was observed between patients that  used insecticide spray alone as malaria preventive methods (70.1%) compared to patients that used combined methods of prevention (17.2%). Malaria still remains prevalent among patients in Benue State, Nigeria.
ACTH Dependent Cushing’s Syndrome: A 72-Hour Trial of Octreotide will Identify Patients with Pituitary Dependent and Ectopic ACTH Overproduction
Authors: Elshafie Omayma , Woodhouse Nicholas
Published: August 2020

Aims: To determine whether the use of an octreotide suppression test will reliably distinguish pituitary from ectopic ACTH overproduction.  Somatostatin receptors are expressed in NETs, but are downgraded in the pituitary as the result of hypercortisolaemia. Octreotide should therefore lower ACTH and cortisol levels in patients with NETs but not in patients with Cushing’s disease and pituitary tumors.

Methodology: A cross sectional study was performed in 13 patents with ACTH dependent Cushing’s (8 women, 5 men) with ages ranging between 21 to 40 years were studied. Serum cortisol concentrations were measured at 0800 hrs before and during the administration of. Octreotide at a dosage of 100 mcg subcutaneously every 8 hours for 72 hours.

Results: The serum cortisol concentrations returned to normal in 4 patients who were later documented to have ectopic disease, two with typical bronchial carcinoids and two with pancreatic NETs and metastatic disease. The other 9 patients had no suppression in serum cortisol concentrations and were documented later to have pituitary tumours.

Conclusion: These results indicate that a short trial of octreotide will identify patients with ectopic disease as evidenced by a fall in serum cortisol levels whereas in those with Cushing’s disease and pituitary tumours serum cortisol levels remains unchanged. 

Recommendation: We recommend all patients with ACTH dependent Cushing’s syndrome have an octreotide suppression test, even if the MRI shows an adenoma, so as to exclude the possibility of a pituitary incidentaloma in a patient with ectopic disease, or false localization from IPSS to the pituitary gland due to ectopic CRH secretion.
Effects of Fish By-product Meal Inclusion in Broiler Feeds on Growth Performance
Authors: Adugna Ashenafi Assefa , Habib Keredin Mohammed , Odier Ojuni , Gebresilase Tsigabu
Published: August 2020

Background: The presence of inadequate and inconsistent feeds to the chicken resulted in lower performance of chick production in Ethiopia. Broilers are meat type chickens with fast income generation and depend on high quality feed. Feed costs alone currently account for over 65-70% of poultry production in third world countries, there has been recent interest in determining the feeding value of different locally available alternative feeding resources. As fish is generally appreciated as one of the healthiest and cheapest source of protein and it is available in Gambella water bodies, this research is intended to investigate the effects of fish by-product inclusion in broiler feeds on growth performance. Two hundred and forty (240) day old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were reared and assigned to four treatments for 42 days. Treatment one was the control without fish by-product meal, treatment 2 contained 2% fish by-product meal, treatment 3 contained 3% fish by-product meal and treatment 4 contained 5% fish by-product meal. Each treatment was replicated 3 times with 20 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Parameters measured for the experiment were the initial body weight, final weight, daily feed intake while weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. Data were analyzed using General linear model procedure of statistical analysis software (SAS) version 9.2.

Results: This study indicated that the average daily feed intake of broiler significantly increased (P<0.05) in 3 and 5% fish by-product meal level to the diets during 11-20 days of age. At the age of 32 – 42 days the average body weight and daily feed intake at the age of 21-32 days were significantly (P<0.05) increased in 3 and 5% fish by-product meal level compared to control and 2% fishmeal diet.

Conclusion: This study revealed that inclusion of fish by-product meal in the diet improved the performance of broiler. To utilize and exploit the potential of fish by-product meal as broiler feed in Gambella region, farmers should get training on preparation and utilization of fish by product.
Impact of Land Use Changes on Agricultural Land Use: Evidence from Jalingo Region of Taraba State, Nigeria
Authors: Bakoji Yusuf Mohammed , Elizabeth Elijah , Abba Umar Jauro , Ishaku Ayesukwe Rimamsikwe , Iraru Yusuf
Published: August 2020

This study examined the integration of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (RS/GIS) for analyzing land use in Jalingo Region, Taraba State for the period 1996 to 2016; the image of 1996, 2006 and 2016 was used. The study employed a supervised digital image classification method using Arc GIS 10.3 software and classified the land use into residential, agricultural, commercial and transport. The images were made to pass through the processes of georeferencing, image enhancement, image resampling and classification and also descriptive statistics was adopted to analyze the findings on the effect of Urbanization on agricultural land use. Data for the study was the image of Jalingo Region of 1996, 2006 and 2016; also data was collected primarily by the administration of the questionnaire, and a total of 289 well-structured questionnaires were administered. Result show there was a significant loss of agricultural land from 180.46 km2 to 135.66 km2. It also revealed an increase of residential land use from 10.30% area coverage in 1996 to 28.07% in 2016, commercial land use increased from 0.20% area coverage in 1996 to 2.60% and transport increased from 0.39% to 2.84% in the same study period, with an annual rate of change of 7.82%, 35.81% and  46.95% respectively. This study shows that agricultural land use pattern has been greatly affected by transport, residential and commercial land uses. These results could help city planners and policymakers to attain and sustain future urban development. It is therefore recommended that government should encourage the people to expand and build towards the outskirts of cities, like Joroyinu, Lankaviri, etc through the provision of incentives and forces of attraction that is available at the city center in these areas to avoid the problem of overcrowdings.
Meanings of internal marketing built by the nurses of a brazilian university hospital
Authors: Mendes Rodrigo Nonato Coelho , Pedro Danielli Rafaeli Candido , Silva Larissa Gutierrez de Carvalho , Oliveira João Lucas Campos de , Haddad Maria do Carmo Fernandez Lourenço
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: conhecer os significados de marketing interno para enfermeiras de um hospital universitário brasileiro na perspectiva do interacionismo simbólico. Metodologia: entrevistas qualitativas foram realizadas com dez enfermeiras, nas quais apresentava-se um conceito prévio de marketing interno. Resultados: a análise das falas foi organizada na categoria “construindo significados de marketing interno”, com os temas: (1) o agir frente ao símbolo marketing interno e o significado estratégico, (2) o marketing interno e o significado motivacional, e (3) qualidade do cuidado como produto do marketing interno. Foi elaborado também um mapa conceitual com os significados produzidos. Conclusão: o marketing interno mostrou-se aplicável para o contexto de enfermagem, com significados relacionados à qualidade assistencial, por meio da motivação e satisfação dos colaboradores, voltando-os para as metas organizacionais. Enfermeiros líderes podem utilizar o marketing interno para atrair e reter recursos humanos de enfermagem, e melhorar a qualidade e o desempenho da organização.
Identifying Photoinduced Dipolar Polarization and Orbit–Orbit Interaction between Excitons in Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Dou Yixuan , Wang Miaosheng , Zhang Jia , Xu Hengxing , Hu Bin
Published: August 2020

Photoinduced polarization and orbit–orbit interaction are important issues in hybrid perovskites toward developing optoelectronic functionalities. This paper identifies that photoinduced polarization occurs in hybrid perovskites with mixed‐cation methylammonium (MA)/formamidinium (FA) (MAxFA(1−x)PbI3) by measuring bulk polarization at 1 MHz in a magnetic field. Interestingly, when the internal dipole moment is increased upon increasing the MA:FA ratio, the photoinduced dipolar polarization can be substantially enhanced, clarifying the controversial issue of whether photoexcitation can induce a dielectric polarization within dipolar polarization regime in hybrid perovskites. Furthermore, upon increasing photoinduced dipolar polarization, it is found that the intrinsic orbit–orbit interaction between excitons can be increased, revealed by monitoring photocurrent change (ΔJsc) upon switching the photoexcitation between linear and circular polarizations. This presents that organic cations are directly involved in the orbit–orbit interaction within band structures. Clearly, the studies provide an insightful understanding of the dipole moment effects on photoinduced dipolar polarization and orbit–orbit interaction between excitons in hybrid perovskites toward controlling the optoelectronic properties.
Independent Tuning of Nano‐Ligand Frequency and Sequences Regulates the Adhesion and Differentiation of Stem Cells
Authors: Min Sunhong , Jeon Yoo Sang , Jung Hee Joon , Khatua Chandra , Li Na , Bae Gunhyu , Choi Hyojun , Hong Hyunsik , Shin Jeong Eun , Ko Min Jun , Ko Han Seok , Jun Indong , Fu Hong En , Kim Seung Hyun , Thangam Ramar , Song Jae‐Jun , Dravid Vinayak P. , Kim Young Keun , Kang Heemin
Published: August 2020

The native extracellular matrix (ECM) can exhibit heterogeneous nano‐sequences periodically displaying ligands to regulate complex cell–material interactions in vivo. Herein, an ECM‐emulating heterogeneous barcoding system, including ligand‐bearing Au and ligand‐free Fe nano‐segments, is developed to independently present tunable frequency and sequences in nano‐segments of cell‐adhesive RGD ligand. Specifically, similar exposed surface areas of total Fe and Au nano‐segments are designed. Fe segments are used for substrate coupling of nanobarcodes and as ligand‐free nano‐segments and Au segments for ligand coating while maintaining both nanoscale (local) and macroscale (total) ligand density constant in all groups. Low nano‐ligand frequency in the same sequences and terminally sequenced nano‐ligands at the same frequency independently facilitate focal adhesion and mechanosensing of stem cells, which are collectively effective both in vitro and in vivo, thereby inducing stem cell differentiation. The Fe/RGD‐Au nanobarcode implants exhibit high stability and no local and systemic toxicity in various tissues and organs in vivo. This work sheds novel insight into designing biomaterials with heterogeneous nano‐ligand sequences at terminal sides and/or low frequency to facilitate cellular adhesion. Tuning the electrodeposition conditions can allow synthesis of unlimited combinations of ligand nano‐sequences and frequencies, magnetic elements, and bioactive ligands to remotely regulate numerous host cells in vivo.
Site‐Selective C(sp3)−H and C(sp2)−H Functionalization of Amines Using a Directing‐Group‐Guided Strategy
Authors: Kapoor Mohit , Singh Adhish , Sharma Kirti , Hua Hsu Ming
Published: August 2020

Amines represent an important class of industrial feedstock as many pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, petrochemicals, and healthcare products are derived from them. Researchers are developing methodologies for the functionalization of aliphatic and aromatic amines by improving their functional‐group tolerance, regioselectivity, chemoselectivity, and time efficiency. Among the most studied methods for the derivatization of amines, C−H activation is gaining significant interest due to easy‐to‐follow, environmentally friendly, and time‐economic protocols. Transition‐metal‐catalyzed C(sp3)−H and C(sp2)−H activation is a fascinating field of chemistry where the electronics of the structure, functional group characteristics, and nature of the directing group (DG) decide the outcome of the chemical reaction. Under carefully tailored reaction conditions and by a selection of the correct substrates/reagent, site‐specific C−H functionalization can be achieved at different positions with respect to the amine group. This review provides an overview of the combination of carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom functionalizations and describes recent state‐of‐the‐art methodologies, as well as challenges in this emerging field.

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Photochemical O−H Functionalization Reactions of Cyclic Diazoamides
Authors: Empel Claire , Verspeek Dennis , Jana Sripati , Koenigs Rene M.
Published: August 2020

Herein, we describe the photochemical O−H functionalization reaction of acidic alcohols with cyclic diazoamides. We studied the O−H functionalization reaction of different fluorinated and non‐fluorinated alcohols to give the corresponding ether products in high yields (43 examples, up to 97% yield). Furthermore, we performed studies to evaluate a photoexcited proton transfer reaction pathway in comparison to classic carbene transfer reactions.

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Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Reducing CD154 Expression on CD4+ T Cells via CCT2
Authors: Zheng Jun , Lu Tongyu , Zhou Chaorong , Cai Jianye , Zhang Xiaomei , Liang Jinliang , Sui Xin , Chen Xiaoyan , Chen Liang , Sun Yao , Zhang Jiebin , Chen Wenjie , Zhang Yingcai , Yao Jia , Chen Guihua , Yang Yang
Published: August 2020

As a cause of postoperative complications and early hepatic failure after liver transplantation, liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) still has no effective treatment during clinical administration. Although the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for liver IRI has been previously shown, the underlying mechanisms are not completely clear. It is accepted that MSC‐derived extracellular vesicles (MSC‐EVs) are newly uncovered messengers for intercellular communication. Herein, it is reported that umbilical cord‐derived MSCs (UC‐MSCs) improve liver IRI in mice through their secreted EVs. It is also visualized that UC‐MSC‐EVs mainly concentrate in liver after 6 h of reperfusion. Furthermore, UC‐MSC‐EVs are found to significantly modulate the membranous expression of CD154 of intrahepatic CD4+ T cells, which is an initiation of inflammatory response in liver and can aggravate liver IRI. Mechanistically, protein mass spectrum analysis is performed and it is revealed that Chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 2 (CCT2) enriches in UC‐MSC‐EVs, which regulates the calcium channels to affect Ca2+ influx and suppress CD154 synthesis in CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, these results highlight the therapeutic potential of UC‐MSC‐EVs in attenuating liver IRI. This finding suggests that CCT2 from UC‐MSC‐EVs can modulate CD154 expression of intrahepatic CD4+ T cells during liver IRI through the Ca2+‐calcineurin‐NFAT1 signaling pathway.
Giant Piezoresistive Effect and Strong Bandgap Tunability in Ultrathin InSe upon Biaxial Strain
Authors: Zhao Qinghua , Wang Tao , Frisenda Riccardo , Castellanos‐Gomez Andres
Published: August 2020

The ultrathin nature and dangling bonds free surface of 2D semiconductors allow for significant modifications of their bandgap through strain engineering. Here, thin InSe photodetector devices are biaxially stretched, finding, a strong bandgap tunability upon strain. The applied biaxial strain is controlled through the substrate expansion upon temperature increase and the effective strain transfer from the substrate to the thin InSe is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The bandgap change upon biaxial strain is determined through photoluminescence measurements, finding a gauge factor of up to ≈200 meV %−1. The effect of biaxial strain on the electrical properties of the InSe devices is further characterized. In the dark state, a large increase of the current is observed upon applied strain which gives a piezoresistive gauge factor value of ≈450–1000, ≈5–12 times larger than that of other 2D materials and of state‐of‐the‐art silicon strain gauges. Moreover, the biaxial strain tuning of the InSe bandgap also translates in a strain‐induced redshift of the spectral response of the InSe photodetectors with ΔEcut‐off ≈173 meV at a rate of ≈360 meV %−1 of strain, indicating a strong strain tunability of the spectral bandwidth of the photodetectors.
Intensification options of small holders’ cassava production in South‐west Nigeria
Authors: Kreye Christine , Hauser Stefan , Pypers Pieter , Vanlauwe Bernard
Published: August 2020

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a staple food crop in Nigeria, but root yields hardly exceed 10 t ha−1. Intensification of small holders’ cassava production is key to improved food security and income generation. We tested, in two demonstration trials and 20 on‐farm trials, different intensification options: cassava growth type (erect and branching), fertilizer application (with and without), and cassava − legume arrangement (0.5 by 2 m/1 by 1 m spacing of cassava) in demonstration trials. In on‐farm trials, farmers tested a subset of these treatments. The demonstration trials had median cassava yields of about 20 (Akindele village) and 15 (Osunwoyin village) t ha−1. Fertilizer application increased the yield of the erect cassava variety. Cassava intercropped with cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], reduced yield and the branching cassava variety produced lower yield than the erect variety. Median cowpea yields were about 1 and 1.5 t ha−1 pod yield. Median yields in the on‐farm trials were about 10 t  ha−1. Intercropping with cowpea reduced cassava root yields (on average by 2.4 t ha−1), again, cowpea pod yields of 1−1.5 t ha−1 were attainable. In summary, this study confirmed that intensification measures need to be site and user or farmer specific.
183W NMR Spectroscopy Guides the Search for Tungsten Alkylidyne Catalysts for Alkyne Metathesis
Authors: Hillenbrand Julius , Leutzsch Markus , Gordon Christopher P. , Copéret Christophe , Fürstner Alois
Published: August 2020

Triarylsilanolates are privileged ancillary ligands for molybdenum alkylidyne catalysts for alkyne metathesis but lead to disappointing results and poor stability in the tungsten series. 1H,183W heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectroscopy, exploiting a favorable 5J‐coupling between the 183W center and the peripheral protons on the alkylidyne cap, revealed that these ligands upregulate the Lewis acidity to an extent that the tungstenacyclobutadiene formed in the initial [2+2] cycloaddition step is over‐stabilized and the catalytic turnover brought to a halt. Guided by the 183W NMR shifts as a proxy for the Lewis acidity of the central atom and by an accompanying chemical shift tensor analysis of the alkylidyne unit, the ligand design was revisited and a more strongly π‐donating all‐alkoxide ligand prepared. The new expanded chelate complex has a tempered Lewis acidity and outperforms the classical Schrock catalyst, carrying monodentate tert‐butoxy ligands, in terms of rate and functional‐group compatibility.
Accurate Control of Initial Coulombic Efficiency for Lithium‐rich Manganese‐based Layered Oxides by Surface Multicomponent Integration
Authors: Luo Dong , Ding Xiaokai , Fan Jianming , Zhang Zuhao , Liu Peizhi , Yang Xiaohua , Guo Junjie , Sun Shuhui , Lin Zhan
Published: August 2020

Low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) is an obstacle for practical application of Li‐rich Mn‐based layered oxides (LLOs), which is closely related with the irreversible oxygen evolution owing to the overoxidized reaction of surface labile oxygen. Here we report a NH4F‐assisted surface multicomponent integration technology to accurately control the ICE, by which oxygen vacancies, spinel‐layered coherent structure, and F‐doping are skillfully integrated on the surface of treated LLOs microspheres. Though the regulation on the removed amount of labile oxygen by surface integrated structure, the ICE of LLOs cathodes can adjust from starting value to 100 %. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, refined X‐ray diffraction, and scanning transmission electron microscopy show that the removed labile oxygen mainly comes from Li2MnO3‐like structure. Even operating at a high cut‐off voltage of 5 V, the capacity retention of integrated sample at 200 mA g−1 is still larger than 98 % after 100 cycles.
The Influence of C(sp3)H–Selenium Interactions on the 77Se NMR Quantification of the π‐Accepting Properties of Carbenes
Authors: Junor Glen P. , Lorkowski Jan , Weinstein Cory M. , Jazzar Rodolphe , Pietraszuk Cezary , Bertrand Guy
Published: August 2020

Selenium NMR has become a standard tool for scaling the π‐accepting character of carbenes. Herein, we highlight that non‐classical hydrogen bonding (NCHB), likely resulting from hyperconjugation, can play a significant role in the carbene–selenium 77Se NMR chemical shift, thus triggering a non‐linear behavior of the Se‐Scale.
Cooperation of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes on a Gold Surface
Authors: Amirjalayer Saeed , Bakker Anne , Freitag Matthias , Glorius Frank , Fuchs Harald
Published: August 2020

Atomically precise tailoring of interface structures is crucial for developing functional materials. We demonstrate an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) based molecular tool, which modifies the structure of a gold surface with atomic accuracy by the formation of gold nanorods. After adsorption on the gold surface, individual surface atoms are pulled out by the NHCs, generating single‐atom surface defects and mobile NHC‐Au species. Atomistic calculations reveal that these molecular “ballbots” can act as assembling tools to dislocate individual surface atoms. The predicted functionality of these carbene‐based complexes is confirmed by scanning tunneling microscopy measurements. Cooperative operation of these NHC‐Au species induces a step‐wise formation of gold nanorods. Consequently, the surface is re‐structured by a zipper‐type mechanism. Our work presents a foundation to utilize molecular‐based nanotools to design surface structures.
Chromium Complexes Supported by Phenyl Ether‐Pyrazolyl [N,O] Ligands as Catalysts for the Oligo‐ and Polymerization of Ethylene
Authors: Milani Jorge L.S. , Casagrande Osvaldo L.
Published: August 2020

A new series of Cr (III) complexes [Cr{1‐(3‐phenoxypropyl)‐1H‐pyrazole}Cl3]2 (Cr1), [Cr{1‐(3‐phenoxypropyl)‐3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazole}Cl3]2 (Cr2), and [Cr{1‐(3‐phenoxypropyl)‐3‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazole}Cl3]2 (Cr3) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and IR spectroscopy. Upon activation with methylaluminoxane (MAO), chromium precatalysts Cr2 and Cr3 showed moderate activity in ethylene oligomerization [TOF = 17,900–29,200 mol (ethylene)·mol (Cr)−1·h−1 at 80 °C] with Schultz‐Flory distribution of oligomers (K = 0.54–0.66) and production of polymer varying from 2.8 to 6.7 wt.%. On the other hand, under identical oligomerization conditions, Cr1/MAO behaved as a polymerization catalyst generating predominantly polyethylene (63.7 wt%). The amount of 1‐butene is the largest component in the liquid fraction suggesting that these precatalysts operate via a Cossee‐Arlman mechanism. The catalytic activities, selectivity and product distribution are quite sensitive to the R‐group at the 3‐ and 5‐position of the pyrazolyl ring. Based on the electronic and steric effects of R‐ substituents, it is possible to stablish a trend of activity: Cr2(PzMe2) > Cr3(PzPh) > Cr1(Pz). Moreover, the effect of oligomerization parameters (cocatalyst, temperature, [Al]/[Cr] molar ratio, time) on the activity and on the product distribution were examined.
Insight into color change of reversible thermochromic systems and their incorporation into textile coating
Authors: Štaffová Martina , Kučera František , Tocháček Jiří , Dzik Petr , Ondreáš František , Jančář Josef
Published: August 2020

Dynamic color and phase change of chosen thermochromic systems were deeply investigated and their incorporation into polyurethane textile coating was developed. The colorimetric properties of three commercial reversible leuco dyes‐based thermochromic pigments (TPs) with activation temperature at 38, 50, and 60°C were studied. Color change as a function of temperature was evaluated and colorimetric values were related to phase transition temperatures via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement. Light fastness of commercial TPs in polyurethane coating was determined by accelerated aging measurement and the color stability has been improved by using ultraviolet absorber (UVA). This research opens new possibilities for smart textiles, which is a very promising field in high‐technology materials.
Detailed analysis on thermal, microstructural, mechanical, and morphological features of side chain liquid crystalline polymer/isotactic polypropylene graft copolymers: Effect of grafted and ungrafted polymer units
Authors: Sen Behiye Ozturk , Soykan Ugur , Cetin Sedat
Published: August 2020

The main scope of this comprehensive study is to investigate the effects of poly(p‐benzophenoneoxycarbonylphenyl acrylate), poly(BPOCPA), which presenting as only graft units or both graft and ungrafted units in the matrix, on the fundamental features of isotactic polypropylene (IPP). The graft copolymerization of BPOCPA onto IPP was performed with the aid of bulk melt polymerization at varying monomer content levels ranging from 5% to 40%. The thermal behavior, crystal quality, mechanical performance, and surface morphology of the samples were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimeter, X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), universal mechanical test, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. Thermal analyses depicted that there existed the noteworthy enhancements in both crystalline melting temperatures and percent crystallinities of matrix polymers. Furthermore, according to XRD results, a and b parameters increased significantly at low percentages of the graft units, while the parameter c decreased in all products in consistence with the content. As for the mechanical characterization, the grafting led to remarkable improvements in modulus, tensile and impact strength of the products. SEM micrographs indicated that the samples were completely homogeneous without any phase separation and the products exhibited brittle nature with some ductility.
Rapid hemostasis by nanofibers of polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate/polyglycerol sebacic acid: An in vitro / in vivo study
Authors: Varshosaz Jaleh , Choopannejad Zahra , Minaiyan Mohsen , Kharazi Anousheh Zargar
Published: August 2020

Porous nanofibers were prepared from a combination of polyglycerol sebacate (PGS) and polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate (PHEMA) and loaded with tranexamic acid (TA) using the electrospinning method. The nanofibers were optimized for their morphology, diameter size, porosity, TA loading, release profile and mechanical behavior. Their cytotoxicity was studied based on 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay on L929 cells. The hemostasis control on a tail‐cut model in rats was investigated. The best formulation contained 35% of the total polymers, 20% PGS and 10% TA in proportion to the total polymer quantity. These nanofibers had 64% porosity, 8.59% water sorption and 1.47% weight loss after 28 days with no cytotoxicity on the L929 cells. TA loaded nanofibers showed significantly less bleeding volume compared to the other groups, but no significant difference in bleeding time was seen with the blank nanofibers. In other words, the blank nanofibers alone had a hemostatic effect. TA loaded nanofibers were effective in bleeding control and hemorrhagic situations by reducing bleeding time and volume.
How geometry, size, and surface properties of tailor‐made particles control the efficiency of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate)/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites
Authors: Sadat‐Shojai Mehdi , Moghaddas Hassanali
Published: August 2020

Bioactive calcium phosphate nanoparticles as reinforcing filler have widely been used to produce polymer nanocomposite scaffolds suitable for application in bone tissue engineering; however, no study has investigated the effect of geometry, size, and surface properties of these nanoparticles on physical and mechanical behavior of scaffolds. This study was therefore devoted to determine how the critical features of the reinforcing nanoparticles could tailor the efficiency of polymeric nanocomposites. For this, we developed fibrous nanocomposite systems in which poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate), PHBV, was combined with hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles having different sizes, geometries, surface chemical groups, and concentrations. The results showed that critical properties could be controlled by incorporating appropriate amounts of nanoparticles with a specific geometry and surface properties. It was also seen that the tensile modulus of fibrous nanocomposite increased from 77 MPa for neat PHBV to about 161 MPa for the nanocomposites containing 15 wt% surface‐modified nanoparticles with elongated morphology.
Using the teaching interaction procedure to train interventionists to implement the Cool versus Not CoolTM procedure
Authors: Ferguson Julia L. , Milne Christine M. , Cihon Joseph H. , Leaf Justin B. , McEachin John , Leaf Ronald
Published: August 2020

The teaching interaction procedure is a behavior analytic procedure that has been used to target the development of social skills. The teaching interaction procedure consists of labeling the target skill, providing a meaningful rationale, describing the steps of the target skill, modeling the skill, role‐play, and providing feedback throughout the interaction. Although the teaching interaction procedure has been used to teach a variety of social skills for individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it has only been used to train staff in two studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of the teaching interaction procedure to teach three interventionists to implement the Cool versus Not Cool™ procedure to target the development of social skills for children diagnosed with ASD. The results of a multiple baseline design demonstrated that the teaching interaction procedure was effective for all three interventionists. Results of the child participants' skill acquisition are also provided.