bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jak daleko psycholożce do psychologa?
Authors: Grajek Eliza , Ratka Julia
Published: August 2021

Abstrakt  

Wokół feminatywów od wielu lat toczy się burzliwa dyskusja, zarówno w polityce jak i innych dziedzinach życia społecznego. Argumentami za i przeciw używaniu takich form wymieniają się obydwie strony barykady. Natomiast badań poruszających tę tematykę nie zostało przeprowadzonych w Polsce wystarczająco wiele. Celem badania eksperymentalnego (N=140) było sprawdzenie wpływu „żeńskiej końcówki” na ocenę kompetencji zawodowych kobiet, które za pomocą owego feminatywu się tytułowały. Stworzono dwie wersje kwestionariusza z sześcioma kandydatkami, które w tytule zawodowym w jednej wersji kwestionariusza stosowały żeńską końcówkę, w drugiej wersji- nie. W przypadku jednej z kandydatek wprowadzono fikcyjną nazwę zawodu, aby sprawdzić, czy osoby badane w obliczu nazwy im obcej będą dewaluować kandydatkę z żeńską końcówką. Badanie wykazało, iż kompetencje kandydatek używających w swoim samoopisie tytułów zawodowych: “architektka” oraz “adwokatka”, zostały istotnie statystycznie niżej ocenione, niż u kobiet tytułujących się jako architekt i adwokat. W pozostałych przypadkach nie wykryto istotnych statystycznie różnic. Moderatorem sprawdzanym w badaniu były poglądy seksistowskie mierzone za pomocą The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory Petera Glick’a i Susan Fiske, w polskim tłumaczeniu Małgorzaty Mikołajczak i Janiny Pietrzak pod nazwą: Skala Ambiwalencji Wobec Kobiet. Wykazano, iż zarówno osoby osiągające wyniki średnie i wysokie w tym kwestionariuszu oceniały kandydatkę z żeńską końcówką istotnie niżej, niż osoby osiągające wyniki niskie. W przypadku nazw zawodów bez feminatywów, wyniki ocen były zbliżone, niezależnie od poziomu przejawianego seksizmu. 

 Słowa klucze: feminatyw, kompetencje kobiet, ambiwalentny seksizm, tendencje do zatrudnienia, dyskryminacja płciowa
Quantitative analysis of the berry size in grapevine cultivar ‘Italia’ •
Authors: Somogyi E. , Kun Á. , Lázár J. , Bodor-Pesti P. , Nyitrainé Sárdy D. Á.
Published: August 2021

Quantitative evaluation of the horticultural crops has high importance to identify cultivars, describe the effect of the growing location and cultivation technology or define consumer's preference regarding the size and shape. Fruit traits of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) are mainly described by the bunch and berry morphology notably bunch and berry size, weight and shape. Ampelographers particularly evaluate the berry based on the seed number as it influences size and consumers' decision. In this study, berry morphological traits of the grapevine cultivar ‘Italia’ was investigated based on digital image analysis. Samples were collected from two vineyards in Hungary with different ecological and cultivation circumstances. Altogether 12 traits were investigated: weight, seed number, size and shape attributes. Results showed that berry morphological traits – except from the shape attributes – are not differing between the two sampling locations. In accordance with previous studies, seed number – ranging from 0 to 4 – had noticeable effect on the size attributes.
Comparison of nursing workload in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit estimated by three instruments
Authors: Velozo Kelly Dayane Stochero , Costa Caroline Abud Drumond , Tonial Cristian Tedesco , Crestani Francielly , Andrades Gabriela Rupp Hanzen , Garcia Pedro Celiny Ramos
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the nursing workload using the Nursing Activities Score (NAS), Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System-28 (TISS-28) and Nine Equivalents of Nursing Manpower Use Score (NEMS) instruments in children admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in a university hospital. Method: A prospective cohort study performed in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, with a sample formed of all children hospitalized during the study period. Nursing workload was evaluated using the TISS-28, NEMS and NAS instruments, and further divided into two groups: Group 1 forming a category of basic activities items and Group 2 forming a category of other support and intervention activities. Results: The sample consisted of 490 Pediatric Intensive Care Unit admissions, totaling 4617 observations. NAS presented the best estimate of total working hours. TISS-28 and NEMS showed better agreement and the results showed strong correlations between NAS and TISS-28 and between NEMS and TISS-28. In Group 1 (basic activities), NAS(1) and TISS-28(1) showed moderate correlation, in Group 2 (specialized activities) the three instruments showed strong correlations. Conclusion: NAS stood out in the evaluation of nursing workload and showed good correlation and agreement with the TISS-28.
HEALTH VULNERABILITIES OF TRANSGENDER SEX WORKERS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Santana Alef Diogo da Silva , Araújo Ednaldo Cavalcante de , Abreu Paula Daniella de , Lyra Jorge , Lima Marcos Soares de , Moura Jefferson Wildes da Silva
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the health vulnerabilities of transgender sex workers. Method: an integrative review conducted in July 2020 in the PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, CINAHL, IBECS and LILACS databases, with no language or time restrictions. The following descriptors indexed in DeCS and MESH and their respective synonyms were used: “Transgender persons”, “Sex workers” and “Health vulnerability”. The data were analyzed based on thematic analysis. Results: a total of 547 articles were retrieved and, after the selection and analysis process, 34 were included in this review. Four thematic classes emerged: “Knowledge, prevention and exposure to STIs in sex work”; “Use (and abuse) of illegal substances and alcohol”; “The social and structural dimension of vulnerabilities: from weakened support networks to violence reproduced against dissident bodies”; and “Psychosocial diseases, discrimination and challenges of transgender sex workers”. Conclusion: the health vulnerabilities experienced by transgender sex workers are marked by discrimination, social exclusion, stigma, incarceration contexts, physical, psychological and sexual violence and use of illegal substances and alcohol, in addition to difficulties in accessing essential services such as health, education and leisure.
A imprensa e a reabertura do tráfico transatlântico de africanos para o Brasil, 1831-1840
Authors: Youssef Alain
Published: August 2021

Resumo: A partir da análise de artigos de jornais do Rio de Janeiro e de sua leitura à luz dos processos políticos, econômicos e sociais vivenciados no Império do Brasil e no espaço Atlântico, o presente artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar que a imprensa foi um elemento central para o sucesso da política do contrabando negreiro implementada pelo Regresso na segunda metade da década de 1830. Atuando em colaboração com senhores de escravos da região Centro-Sul, os regressistas (núcleo do futuro Partido Conservador) fizeram amplo uso dos periódicos fluminenses para silenciar os discursos antiescravistas predominantes na primeira metade da Regência e anular as políticas antitráfico levadas a cabo pelos moderados. Com isso, garantiram a reabertura sistêmica do contrabando transatlântico de africanos, tornando letra morta a lei de 7 de novembro de 1831.
Sobre trabajadores, Estado y desempleo en las actas de sesiones “secretas” de la Junta Militar - Chile, 1973-1976
Authors: Llanos Claudio , González José Antonio
Published: August 2021

Resumen: Este artículo se concentra en dos elementos del pensamiento y proyecto neoliberal que se hicieron presentes en Chile entre 1973 y 1976, es decir los primeros años de la dictadura militar, con colaboración civil, dirigida por el general Augusto Pinochet. Estos elementos fueron, las ideas en torno al número de trabajadores públicos y la responsabilidad que se le asignó a los trabajadores en los problemas económicos como la inflación. Sus fuentes centrales son las Actas de las Sesiones “secretas” de la Junta Militar. Se presenta la temprana presencia del proyecto neoliberal dentro de las discusiones de la Junta Militar, revelándose que aspectos radicales de las reformas económicas impuestas por el régimen, particularmente en relación a los trabajadores eran seriamente considerados, antes de que éstas tomaran mayor posición en la discusión pública.
Desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças expostas à infecção congênita pelo Zika vírus
Authors: Lima e Souza Lopes Anna Karolyne Kaimmi , Akiko Takano Olga , Ilídio da Silva Juliana , Ferreira do Nascimento Vagner , De Souza Andrade Amanda Cristina , Pereira Terças-Trettel Ana Claudia
Published: August 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: A comprovação da associação de microcefalia no Brasil com a infecção congênita pelo Zika vírus, leva a necessidade de estudos sobre a repercussão no desenvolvimento das crianças decorrentes do comprometimento do sistema nervoso central (SNC). OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor (DNPM) de crianças expostas à infecção congênita pelo Zika vírus e sua associação com características e diagnósticos pré natais, neonatais e pós natais da mãe/criança. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com crianças de zero a três anos, nascidas entre 2015 e 2018, classificadas com infecção congênita pelo Zika vírus. Na coleta das características clínicas e sócio demográficas, utilizou-se um questionário semiestruturado e na avaliação do DNPM o Teste de Triagem de Denver II. Na associação, utilizou-se o teste exato de Fisher (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Avaliou-se 30 crianças, 46,67% apresentavam alterações do DNPM, os maiores foram na linguagem (46,67%) e motricidade fina (43,33%). 23,33% tinham mais que 24 meses, idade que associou-se a alterações do DNPM (p<0,012). A infecção predominou entre 4 e 12 semanas de gestação e obteve associação com os atrasos do DNPM (p<0,002). 46,67% das crianças apresentaram microcefalia e 40% calcificações cerebrais, ambos com associação a atrasos no DNPM (p<0,001). Em exame físico 36,7% apresentaram alterações de postura e persistência de reflexos primitivos, 40% hiperirritabilidade, 33,33% disfagia e deformidades articulares, todas com associação importante com as alterações no DNPM (p<0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Crianças expostas à infecção congênita pelo Zika vírus apresentaram atrasos no DNPM e quanto mais precoce a infecção na gravidez, maior o envolvimento do sistema nervoso central.
A qualidade de sono de fisioterapeutas de um hospital público durante a pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Santos Jueline da Silva , Lima Camila de Araújo , Moreira Whelen de Sousa , Monteiro Paulo Nixon Cardoso , Sales Mylena Cardoso , Lima Jaíne de Sousa , Vieira Carlos Eduardo Nunes , FERREIRA LUANA GABRIELLE FRANÇA
Published: August 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: A pandemia de covid-19 tornou necessário estudos sobre o impacto da pandemia e das novas rotinas de trabalho impostas ao trabalhador no estado de saúde de profissionais de saúde, em especial os fisioterapeutas hospitalares. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de sono e sonolência diurna de profissionais de fisioterapia hospitalar durante o período de pandemia do covid-19. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Pesquisa observacional, transversal, prospectiva em um hospital público do nordeste brasileiro. A pesquisa teve como público-alvo fisioterapeutas hospitalares atuantes ou não em setores covid durante a pandemia de covid-19. Foram aplicados os instrumentos Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP), Escala de Sonolência de Epworth (ESE) e questionários com características demográficas, trabalho, saúde e percepção de estresse. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 45 fisioterapeutas e foi observado que 62,2% eram do sexo feminino, 66,7% relataram trabalhar 60h por semana e 55,6% trabalharam em setor covid e não covid. Observou-se elevada frequência de má qualidade do sono (68,9%) independente de carga horária ou setor de trabalho. Houve maior prevalência de sonolência diurna excessiva (43,3%) entre os fisioterapeutas que trabalhavam 60h por semana. CONCLUSÃO: Os fisioterapeutas hospitalares de uma instituição pública têm má qualidade do sono e aqueles que trabalham com maior carga horária apresentam maior prevalência de sonolência diurna excessiva.
Reprodutibilidade intraobservador do teste Timed Up and Go para pacientes com DPOC
Authors: Costa Henrique da Conceição , Do Santos Barbara Silva , Dos Santos Natasha Cordeiro , Barbosa Taís Santana , Miranda Aline Gonçalves , Camelier Aquiles Assunção , Camelier Fernanda Warken Rosa
Published: August 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: O Timed UP and Go Test (TUG) é um importante teste utilizado para a avaliação de desfechos funcionais na DPOC, como mobilidade, equilíbrio dinâmico e risco de queda. No cenário clínico prático, a aplicação repetida do TUG é realizada muitas vezes pelo mesmo observador, no objetivo de avaliar diversas intervenções aplicadas na DPOC. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o grau de reprodutibilidade intraobservador do TUG em indivíduos com DPOC.  METODOLOGIA: Estudo descritivo, de corte transversal, realizado com indivíduos com DPOC, atendidos ambulatorialmente na cidade de Salvador-Bahia. Foram verificadas características sociodemográficas e clínicas como a espirometria (VEF1/CVF), como também duas práticas do Teste TUG no mesmo dia. A reprodutibilidade do TUG foi avaliada pelo Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (CCI), CAAE número 38143214.0.0000.0057. RESULTADOS: Trinta e um pacientes voluntários foram avaliados; destes, 24 (77,4%) homens, média da idade de 68,6 ± 9,8 anos, com relação VEF1/CVF pós-broncodilatador de 59,0 ± 10,8 %.  Na análise da reprodutibilidade intraobservador do TUG pelo CCI, obteve-se ? = 0,897 (CI 95%: 0,786; 0,950; p < 0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: O teste TUG possui excelente reprodutibilidade intraobservador e uma pequena variabilidade quando aplicados duas vezes em pacientes com DPOC, sendo a aplicação para avaliação da mobilidade, na prática do cuidado em saúde considerada factível.
From SARS to COVID-19: lessons we should have learned (but we did not)
Authors: Lopes Luciano Rodrigo , Campos João Henrique , Chaves Alison Felipe Alencar
Published: August 2021

In 2002, a severe acute respiratory (SARS) epidemic, caused by a coronavirus (SARS-CoV), affected a significant number of countries and was interrupted after one year, approximately. Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been a concern for the whole world, and the end of the pandemic does not appear near. In this article, we briefly discussed the lessons learned by the countries which fought the SARS epidemic and which had succeeded in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. We also discussed some of the main points that resulted in failures to handle the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In the Brazilian context, we observed that the federal government delayed the necessary measures to be taken, has been less transparent to disclose health data, neglected the facemask usage mandates and refused the COVID-19 vaccine offerings. Despite the previous coronavirus outbreaks, we are suffering during the COVID-19 pandemic because we did not learn with SARS.
HyDrop Bead Generation & PCR Barcoding v1.0 v8
Authors: De Rop Florian , Poovathingal Suresh , Aerts Stein
Published: August 2021

Protocol for producing dissolvable barcoded hydrogel beads used in HyDrop experiments.
Physico-chemical investigation of wastewater from the Sebdou-Tlemcen textile complex North-West Algeria
Authors: Sefaoui Asma Khelassi- , Khechekhouche Abderrahmane , Daouadji Manel Zaoui-Djelloul , Idrici Hamza
Published: August 2021

Wastewater treatment is a process used in several countries, particularly in Algeria. A study on Earth for one month was carried out at the sewage plant of the Sebdou textile complex, Tlemcen, north-west of Algeria. Regular samples gave average values at the outlet such that the water temperature is 22 ° C, the ph 7.43, the biochemical oxygen demand BOD5 is 36.5 mg / l, the chemical oxygen demand COD vary between 100 and 200 mg / l at the exit of the WWTP mg / l and finally suspended solids SS is of the order of 36.2 mg / l. All these values conform with the standards and therefore the treatment plant operates within Algerian standards.
Study on the correlation between Vitamin D and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of General Medicine, SVMCH&RC, Pondicherry, India, Ponnambalam Dr. A , Arun Dr. M ,   Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, SVMCH&RC, Pondicherry, India, Prabhu Dr. G. ,   Professor, Department of General Medicine, SVMCH&RC, Pondicherry, India
Published: August 2021

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with increased morbidity and mortalitydue to the development of complications, especially due to poor glycemic control. Besides its role incalcium homeostasis, Vitamin D has been involved in the pathophysiology as well as glycemiccontrol of type 2 DM. Methods: 100 patients diagnosed with type 2 DM were included. Vitamin Dlevels along with glycosylated haemoglobin were measured in all the individuals. Results: Vitamin Ddeficiency was observed in 48% of the patients. Vitamin D levels were not associated with markersof glycemic control (HbA1c). Conclusions: Hypovitaminosis D was observed nearly in half of thepatients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting a potential for vitamin D supplementation in type 2 DMpatients.
Short-term effects of carrying a school bag on the distribution of force and plantar pressure during walking of children of different levels of physical activity
Authors: Laštro Dijana , Muftić Mirsad , Ponorac Nenad , Talic Goran , Janković Slavica
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Carrying a school bag is a dominant activity that a child performs during daily productive activities. The aim of the research is to examine how carrying a school bag of different weights affects the distribution of force and plantar pressure during normal walking on the flat terrain of children of varying levels of physical activity.Methods: The pilot study included 124 students aged 11-12 from Banja Luka. According to the protocol, each group of respondents was treated with an intervention-customized school bag and a comparator-school bag that the child only opted for. For the research, the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children, measurement of anthropometric parameters, school bag weight, and Zebris tape (Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) were used for gait analysis.Results: Inactive children achieved the lowest and active children’s highest walking speed during normal walking without a bag, with their customized school bag. When carrying a custom school bag: The highest maximum force is projected on the left heel 330.72 N in inactive children, and the lowest 265.93 N in moderately active children, the highest maximum pressure on the left heel is registered in inactive children, 27.60 N/cm2, and the lowest 21.85 N/cm2 in moderately active children. The maximum force-time of % of standing time on the left foot in the middle part lasted the longest in inactive children, and the shortest active children carried their school bag 40.31% and a custom school bag 39.76%.Conclusion: High physical activity and individual adjustment to distribute the burden well allow the child to adequately respond to the loads carried by the weight of the school bag.
Determination of Formaldehyde from Disposal of Formaldehyde Fixed Biological Specimen Buried in Soil
Authors: Jani Musfiroh Binti , Mohammad Zakaria Shafiqah Shahirah
Published: August 2021

Biomedical waste specifically anatomical specimens and body parts will be incinerated by a local incineration facility. However, the incineration of formaldehyde fixed specimen from hospitals poses hazardous effect to human and environment due to an exposure of highly toxic gases such as dioxins and furans. In addition, this practise is considered as non-shariah compliance by Muslim community. Thus, a safer and shariah-compliance option to dispose anatomical specimens through deep burial has been introduced. The concern has been raised on the side effect of the formaldehyde treated specimen to the environment. Formaldehyde is used widely for preservation of surgical and anatomical specimens. The formaldehyde toxicity specifically on the soil, soil water, soil animals and plants should be considered after the burial of the anotamical specimens. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the side effect of formaldehyde on soil after the burial of formalin fixed specimen on the environment. In this study, the amount of soil elemental distribution and formaldehyde concentration of pre-burial and post-burial of biological specimen were evaluated by using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer instrument, respectively. For EDXRF analysis at Point C, soil elemental distribution after burial of dead biological specimens has higher concentration compared to before the burial. The concentration of formaldehyde at Point C was higher after the burial of dead biological specimen compared to before burial, which exceeds the tolerable concentration recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO).
Preparation of Alpinia galangaStem Based Activated Carbon via Single-step Microwave Irradiation for Cationic Dye Removal
Authors: Ahammad N.A. , Yusop M.F.M. , Mohd Din A.T. , Ahmad M.A.
Published: August 2021

The focal point of this study is to synthesis Alpinia galanga Stem-based activated carbon (AGSAC) by using single-step microwave irradiation and testing it for the removal of cationic dye, methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. AGSAC was prepared under the flow of carbon dioxide (CO2) for the gasification effect. The factors of contact time (from 0 to 24 h) and initial concentration (25-300 mg/L) on the adsorption performance of AGSAC were studied. With the aid of response surface methodology (RSM) via face-centered composite design (FCD), optimum preparation conditions for AGSAC were found to be 400 W for radiation power and 4 min for activation time, respectively, which resulted in 95.67% of MB dye removal. The optimized AGSAC has a Bruneaur-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area of 172.19 m2/g, mesopore surface area of 103.32 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.1077 cm3/g, and fixed carbon content of 47.63%. The pore diameter of AGSAC was found to be a mesoporous type with a pore diameter of 2.50 nm. Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order were found as the best-fitted model for MB adsorption equilibrium and kinetic respectively onto prepared AGSAC. Intraparticle diffusion was found to be the rate-limiting step.
Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) based on Rubber Seed Oil Synthesized via Low-Pressured Carbonization Reaction
Authors: Hambali R.A. , Faiza M.A. , Zuliahani A.
Published: August 2021

Epoxidised rubber seed oil (ERSO) was successfully synthesized into non-isocyanate polyurethane via carboxylation method whereas peroxoformic acid was formed by in-situ reaction for epoxidation. The effects of temperature and ratio of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid to rubber seed oil carboxylation were studied. The optimum temperature for the epoxidation reaction was found at 50 °C to avoid ring opening reaction of epoxy whilst the optimum ratio of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid is equal molar of double bond: formic acid at 1:2 and 1:1, respectively. At a lower concentration of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid, the oxirane ring was stable due to the lower hydrolysis (oxirane cleavage) of an epoxide. The effect of using low content of formic acid tends to minimize unwanted epoxide ring opening to occur and make the epoxidation rate increased with increasing of oxirane number. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral displayed the presence of an epoxy functional group at 822 cm-1 and the disappearance of double bond peak at 3011 cm-1 corresponding to epoxidised oil and carbonyl group confirmed the epoxidation reaction had taken place. 1H-NMR was used to confirm the formation of carboxylate functionality after the reaction of epoxy at δ 4.83 and 4.61 ppm. In conclusion, ERSO has great potential to be used as a precursor in producing environmentally friendly non-isocyanate polyurethane.
Perceptions, Resentment, Economic Distress, and Support for Right-Wing Populist Parties in Europe
Authors: Ferrari Diogo
Published: August 2021

Research has demonstrated that resentful emotions toward the politics and perceptions of being culturally and economically threatened by immigration increase support for populist parties in some European countries, and that macro-level economic conditions engender those perceptions and emotions and increase populist support. This article reveals that household-level economic conditions also affect perceptions of cultural and economic threat by immigrants. Low- and middle-income populations are more vulnerable to suffer economic distress due to macro-level factors such as import shock, which can increase their resentment toward democracy, and their perceptions that immigration is a cultural and economic threat, therefore increasing the likelihood to vote for populist parties. A mediation analysis using the European Social Survey data from 2002 to 2018 provides evidence for the argument.
The high-frequency shape of the source spectrum for earthquakes in eastern and western Canada
Authors: Atkinson Gail M.
Published: August 2021

The high-frequency shape of the earthquake spectrum strongly influences the amplitude of the peak ground acceleration and of the response spectrum at frequencies of 10 Hz and greater. A key parameter for the description of high-frequency ground motions is “kappa,” which is the decay slope of the Fourier spectrum of acceleration at near-source distances (Anderson and Hough, 1984; note Anderson and Hough originally referred to this parameter as kappa (0)). Kappa may be attributed to site effects (fmax; Hanks, 1982), source processes (Papageorgiou and Aki, 1983), or both.

Seismographic data place weak but significant constraints on kappa values. On average, there is no resolved kappa effect on spectra recorded at rock sites in eastern Canada, in the frequency range f ≦ 30 Hz. Four firm-soil sites in southwestern Ontario also show no kappa effect. An implied upper bound for kappa is 0.004 (or lower bound of 30 Hz for fmax). By contrast, source spectra from earthquakes in the Cascadia region, recorded on hard-rock sites in southwestern British Columbia (B.C.), appear to be well described by a kappa of 0.011 ± 0.002. The B.C. spectra are thus intermediate to the eastern case, with zero apparent kappa, and the typical California case, for which kappa is about 0.04.
Signal detection using multi-channel seismic data
Authors: Wagner Gregory S. , Owens Thomas J.
Published: August 2021

We outline a simple signal detection approach for multi-channel seismic data. Our approach is based on the premise that the wave-field spatial coherence increases when a signal is present. A measure of spatial coherence is provided by the largest eigenvalue of the multi-channel data's sample covariance matrix. The primary advantages of this approach are its speed and simplicity. For three-component data, this approach provides a more robust statistic than particle motion polarization. For array data, this approach provides beamforming-like signal detection results without the need to form beams. This approach allows several options for the use of three-component array data. Detection statistics for three-component, vertical-component array, and three different three-component array approaches are compared to conventional and minimum-variance vertical-component beamforming. Problems inherent in principal-component analysis (PCA) in general and PCA of high-frequency seismic data in particular are also discussed. Multi-channel beamforming and the differences between principal component and factor analysis are discussed in the appendix.
Source process of the Chiapas, Mexico, intermediate-depth earthquake (Mw= 7.2) of 21 October 1995
Authors: Rebollar Cecilio J. , Quintanar Luis , Yamamoto Jaime , Uribe Antonio
Published: August 2021

On 21 October 1995, we recorded with a local array an earthquake that occurred at a depth of 165 km in the subduction zone of Chiapas. The Harvard focal mechanism solution indicates a normal fault responding to the down-dip tension of the subducted oceanic crust. This is the first intermediate-depth earthquake well recorded with accelerographs and seismometers in Southeastern Mexico. Peak ground accelerations (PGA) range from 21 to 436 cm/sec2 at hypocentral distances of 174 to 256 km, respectively. The recorded PGAs are larger than those of the Copala, Guerrero, earthquake of 14 September 1995, which was a shallow (16 km) thrust fault with a similar magnitude (Mw = 7.4). The large PGA generated by the Chiapas earthquake are probably due to an enhancement of the signals produced by the up-ward intraslab propagation of energy and are similar to those observed from other intermediate-depth earthquakes in the subduction zone of Japan (Molas and Yamazaki, 1995).

The duration of the strongest shaking increases from about 10 sec in the southeast at the town of San Vicente (close to the Tacaná volcano) to nearly 20 sec in the northwest, in the city of Tuxtla Gutierrez located near the epicenter. Teleseismic P-wave inversion using the Harvard focal mechanism solution indicates that the seismic moment was released in three events with a total duration of about 20 sec. The results of the inversion indicate that the rupture propagated from the northwest to the southeast along a 30-km distance. From spectral analysis, we calculate a total seismic moment release of 5.2 ± 0.5 × 1019 N-m equivalent to an Mw = 7.1 magnitude event. Using three sources with an average depth of 150 km, we were able to reach a reasonable match of the first 40 sec of the displacement records recorded at the broadband seismic stations of Huatulco (HUIG) and Pinotepa Nacional (PNIG). For the station located in Tuxtla Gutierrez (TUXD), we used two sources, since only the first 5 sec were modeled.

The amplitude spectrum at teleseismic distances follows a typical Brune's (1970) θ−2 model. We obtained a corner frequency of 0.045 Hz from the spectra, which is equivalent to a source radius of 15 km and a stress drop of 65 bars assuming a circular fault.
Source comparisons between nuclear and chemical explosions detonated at Rainier Mesa, Nevada Test Site
Authors: Stump Brian W. , Pearson D. Craig , Reinke Robert E.
Published: August 2021

A series of nuclear [MINERAL QUARRY (MQ), HUNTERS TROPHY (HT)] and chemical [NON-PROLIFERATION EXPERIMENT (NPE) and NPECAL] explosions were detonated in the same geological material at Rainier Mesa, Nevada Test Site. These sources were extensively instrumented with the same near-source, free-surface instrumentation array. The data from these explosions allow the establishment of empirical source scaling relations as well as investigation of possible chemical and nuclear source differences. Even in the near-source region at common receivers, the data display propagation path effects resulting from slight differences in source locations. These effects are effectively taken into account by smoothing the source comparisons across the different stations in the receiver array. As many as 30 individual waveforms from each source are used in this smoothing process. Comparison of HT and NPE at near-source distances indicates that within the bandwidth of the data (0.36 to 100 Hz), there is no apparent spectral difference between the nuclear and single-fired chemical source. The smoothed spectral ratio between the NPE and NPE CAL is consistent with the long-period source spectral difference (104), corner frequencies (2 to 3 Hz/NPE and 40 to 60 Hz/NPE CAL), and high-frequency decay (ƒ−2) similar to the Mueller-Murphy source model for wet tuff after modifying the cavity radius to scale as the cube root of yield. Comparison of the two nuclear sources, HT and MQ, indicates that at long periods, the HT/MQ ratio is 0.4 to 0.6 with the spectra from the two explosions merging above 5 Hz, which is consistent with the 0.3 magnitude difference observed for the two sources. In all the source comparisons, the spectral ratios of the transverse components of motion are indistinguishable from those produced by either the vertical or radial components. This fact argues that the transverse component of motion from an explosion is generated at very close-in distances, in this case on the order of 1 to 2 km. These observations are in agreement with some type of linear scattering mechanism.
Seismic signals and noise recorded on a seafloor vertical hydrophone array and a colocated OBS during the LFASE experiment
Authors: Riedesel Mark A. , Orcutt John A. , Adams J. Andrew
Published: August 2021

During the LFASE experiment conducted in the summer of 1989, a vertical hydrophone array (VHA) was deployed at the site of DSDP Hole 534b in the Blake-Bahama basin. The VHA consisted of 16 hydrophones spaced 30 m apart rising vertically above the seafloor with the bottom of the array anchored to a digital recording package located on the seafloor. The main purpose of the experiment was to record seismic signals and noise above, on, and beneath the seafloor at the same site; the VHA recorded data from above the seafloor, an ocean-bottom seismograph (OBS) was on the seafloor, and a borehole geophone array (BHA) was in a borehole beneath the seafloor. Signal-to-noise measurements of P waves made for airgun shots recorded simultaneously by the VHA and the OBS show that the OBS has a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) 5 to 10 dB greater than that of a single hydrophone, but P-wave stacks of the VHA data have SNRs for body waves 10 to 15 dB greater than the OBS. This implies that a vertical array is capable of recording distinct body waves out to significantly greater ranges than is a single receiver and so might be a useful tool in seismic refraction experiments. Other stacks of the VHA data revealed S waves not visible on the data from a single hydrophone or geophone. The VHA was also used to construct images of the wavefronts arriving from a distant source and to determine the vertical direction of the source. This array processing capability shows the potential of VHAs for use in 3D seismic reflection surveys, particularly in cases where it is not convenient to use a multi-channel streamer.
Test of two methods for faulting in finite-difference calculations
Authors: Andrews D. J.
Published: August 2021

Tests of two fault boundary conditions show that each converges with second order accuracy as the finite-difference grid is refined. The first method uses split nodes so that there are disjoint grids that interact via surface traction. The 3D version described here is a generalization of a method I have used extensively in 2D; it is as accurate as the 2D version. The second method represents fault slip as inelastic strain in a fault zone. Offset of stress from its elastic value is seismic moment density. Implementation of this method is quite simple in a finite-difference scheme using velocity and stress as dependent variables.
Application of Mwp to deep and teleseismic earthquakes
Authors: Tsuboi Seiji , Whitmore Paul M. , Sokolowski Thomas J.
Published: August 2021

The broadband moment magnitude Mwp (Tsuboi, et al., 1995) allows for the effective determination of earthquake magnitude by using broadband P waveforms. It was developed to determine moment magnitude of shallow earthquakes around the Japanese Islands for early tsunami warnings. Tsuboi et al. (1995) demonstrated that Mwp shows good agreement with the Mw from Harvard centroid moment tensor (CMT) solutions. In the present study, we show that Mwp is also applicable to deep earthquakes and earthquakes recorded at teleseismic distances. The Mwp proves to be useful for quick, accurate size estimates of earthquakes recorded at both regional and teleseismic distances occurring at any depth.
Phase cross-correlations: Design, comparisons, and applications
Authors: Schimmel Martin
Published: August 2021

We present a new coherence functional to evaluate quantitatively the goodness of waveform fit between two time series as function of lag time. The proposed coherence measure is called phase cross-correlation (PCC) because it is based on the similarity of instantaneous phases. No amplitudes are explicitly involved, and PCC is therefore an amplitude unbiased measure, which equally weights every sample in the correlation window. As consequence PCC enables to discriminate between closely similar waveforms and is suited to detect weak arrivals that are concealed in larger amplitude signals. Besides, for signal recognition PCC can be applied for arrival time picking, as a misfit function, or it can be used in combination with stacking techniques. The performance of PCC is illustrated and discussed in comparison with the conventional cross-correlation normalized with the geometric mean energy. Both measures are based on different concepts, and the differences in their performance can be significant. The choice of the proper coherence measure depends on the data and application. We show in a data example the ability of PCC to detect weak P-to-s conversions in the P-wave coda of teleseismic events. With this example we give confirming evidence for a crust that is thicker than the global average and for the existence of the 410-km and 660-km discontinuities underneath SE Brazil. In addition, we observe hints of a 510-km discontinuity.
A possible stress interaction between large thrust and normal faulting earthquakes in the Mexican subduction zone
Authors: Mikumo Takeshi , Singh Shri Krishna , Santoyo Miguel A.
Published: August 2021

A large, nearly vertical, normal-faulting earthquake (Mw = 7.1) took place in 1997 in the subducting Cocos plate just beneath the ruptured fault zone of the 1985 Michoacan, Mexico, earthquake (Mw = 8.1). We investigate the possibility of stress interaction between the two large events through a 3D analysis of coseismic-stress change that was due to the first event, taking into consideration the postseismic change and the dynamic rupture process of the second event. In the middle portion of the subducting plate at depths below 30 km, the calculated coseismic increase in the vertical-shear stress and in the Coulomb-failure stress beneath the high stress-drop zones of the 1985 earthquake is in the order of 0.4 to 0.8 MPa. It was also found that the 1997 earthquake took place in the zone of maximum coseismic-stress increase. Possible postseismic-stress changes due to the subduction process or to the loading of the overriding continental lithosphere and from aseismic slip would enhance the coseismic-stress change and hence the possibility of occurrence of a normal-faulting earthquake in the subducting plate. The dynamic rupture pattern of the 1997 event seems to be consistent with the inferred stress interactions.
Pharmacovigilance in Neuroscience
Authors: Sánchez-de-Paz María-Pilar , Da-Prat-de-Magalhaes Gustavo , Isa Santiago , Aldinio Victoria , Norberto-Latella Andres , Mabel-Gatto Emilia , Rojas Galeno J.
Published: August 2021

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have a high impact on morbidity and mortality of the population, becoming a public health issue. Studying and publishing about these is referred as pharmacovigilance.Objective: To describe and compare the adverse reactions produced by drugs of nervous system action (CNS-D) and neurological ADRs produced by drugs of systemic action (Sys-D). To further develop the need of reporting adverse reactions. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study performed on a database of neurological consultations which took place at the Neurology department. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and divided into two groups: Sys-D and CNS-D. Demographic and neurological variables were analyzed. Parametric and non-parametric statistics were used according to distribution. The Naranjo Algorithm (NA) was used to define causality.Results: 71 ADRs were described, from which 63.38% (n=45) were produced by CNS-D, especially antiepileptics by 47% (n=21) and psycholeptics by 44%. Of the total, 36.62% (n=26) were caused by Sys-D, such as antineoplastics (n=9) and antibiotics (n=9), being Cefepime the most frequent. The diagnosis of ADRs caused by a Sys-D was delayed prolonging hospitalization (p 0.05) due to a lower NA score (p 0.003) compared to the CNS-D group.Conclusion: Multiple frequently used drugs of systemic action, such as antineoplastics and antibiotics, generate neurological adverse effects. From our analysis, it was presumed that the suspicion of a neurological ADR caused by these drugs was scarce, thus causing a higher morbidity for the patient.
A Case Study for the Use of Technology Supported Graphical Organizers in Preschool Children’s Problem Solving
Authors: ÇETİN Ekmel , ÖZDEMİR Doç. Dr. Selçuk
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to integrate preschool children into problem-solving activities, which include graphical organizers such as fishbone diagram, brainstorming and flowchart as cognitive tools in an information technology supported environment. Accordingly, a specific software that prepared based on problem-solving and algorithmic thinking in preschool education was used. Case study method was employed in order to state children’s use of graphical organizers, their participation to the classroom interaction and their problem-solving cases. 28 preschool children participated in this study from a public school in Ankara/Turkey. Classroom interaction video records, and flowcharts prepared by children are data collection tools. The results revealed that, problem-solving activities prepared with graphical organizers and ICT-supported environment are appropriate for preschool children. Children actively participated to the activities of understanding the problem, examining the cause-effect relations, producing alternative solutions to problem activities, and they expressed their thoughts.
A Time for Change: The Argument for National Pharmacare
Authors: Sharma Rahul
Published: August 2021

Come this year I will be celebrating a milestone birthday, 25 years old. There are many significant milestones associated with that age; however, there is one milestone that I have been taking for granted… It is the age in which my parents’ employers drug plan will stop covering my medications. The realization that “free” medications were soon going to be a luxury of the past gave me a moment of pause, I asked myself, how does a country who prides itself on national healthcare still have people budgeting to buy life sustaining medications? The reality of that answer being the healthcare system we are so proud of is seemingly flawed.
Loneliness Under Lockdown: Caring for Mental Health in the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Zhou Zier
Published: August 2021

Social interaction is critical for maintaining mental health, but constant lockdowns in response to COVID-19 inevitably make this difficult. Technology use is widespread and at the core of many interventions that allow people to stay connected. This commentary aims to explore the positive and negative effects of online spaces like social media, how crisis hotlines and peer support groups help those who are dealing with individual mental health challenges, and when in-person gatherings may be reasonable for certain age demographics including children and seniors.
Physician Assessment of Social Determinants of Health: A Necessary Component in Improving Care of Patients
Authors: Chaudry Emaan
Published: August 2021

The importance of building a therapeutic relationship between a physician and a patient is taught early on in a medical student's training, specifically through the practice of obtaining a patient history. This process consists of gathering information in four main categories: the history of the present illness, personal social history, past medical history, and family history. Each piece of information obtained within these categories is vital in ensuring a patient receives appropriate and effective care. Specifically, a social history consists of asking about a patient's relationship status, support system, home environment, interests, exercise, nutritional habits, substance use, and sexual history. To complete a successful and full social history, one should try to address the social determinants of health. As per the Government of Canada’s website, social determinants of health “refer to a specific group of social and economic factors within the broader determinants of health. These relate to an individual’s place in society such as income, education or employment” [1]. Consequently, a critical component of a complete social history interview should be investigating a patients socioeconomic status. Low socioeconomic status (LSES) has been found to play a role in incidence and susceptibility to a variety of health conditions. As such, I believe that screening for and asking questions pertaining to the socioeconomic status of a patient should be considered a vital and essential component of every patient assessment.
Sheltered-In-Place: Domestic Violence during COVID-19
Authors: Feliciano Juliane
Published: August 2021

March 2020 marked the closure of thousands of workplaces, schools and other services to comply with government-issued lockdowns to prevent the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) across the Canadian population. While the intent of the stay-at-home orders was to provide safety for the surrounding communities from the pandemic, many victims of domestic abuse soon found themselves confined to the root of their trauma for the sake of public health. Dubbed the “pandemic within a pandemic” by the media, 54% of responding victim services have reported an increase in the number of served domestic violence victims between mid-March and early July of 2020 [1,2], and police-reported calls for domestic disturbances have also increased 12%, according to data compiled from 17 police services across Canada [3].
Le pouvoir de la langue
Authors: Elhafid Melanie
Published: August 2021

Récemment, pendant un stage à l'hôpital, j'ai traité une patiente âgée (Mme C) qui avait eu un accident vasculaire cérébrale (AVC). Elle parlait dans une langue anglaise si brisée qu'il était difficile de la comprendre et de faire un diagnostic approprié. Mme C m’a informé que son voisin était à l’extérieur lorsqu’elle avait eu son AVC, et il a appelé les Services Médicaux d'Urgence (SMU) car elle ne pouvait pas se lever par elle-même, mais surtout parce qu’elle était sûre que les SMU n’auraient pas compris son accent Français épais au téléphone. Étant moi-même bilingue, je lui ai immédiatement demandé si c’était préférable de continuer la consultation en français.  Sans aucune hésitation, elle a répondu avec enthousiasme « Oui, oui, ça me ferait si contente ».  Vers la fin de la consultation, Mme C a pris mes deux mains entre les siens et m’a profondément remercié d’avoir fait l’effort supplémentaire d’effectuer son évaluation en Français. Elle m’a informé que c’était la première fois depuis qu’elle avait immigré au Canada, il y a plus de trois décades, qu’elle recevait des soins de santé en Français et qu’elle espérait que ce ne serait pas la dernière. Cette expérience avec Mme C m’a poussé à me demander combien d’autres patients ont enduré ou endureront une situation pareille? Quel est l’ampleur du problème? Comment remédier à cette situation? Quel est l’impact sur la qualité des soins reçus quand le Docteur et le patient ne parlent pas la même langue? Pour répondre à toutes ces questions, j’ai effectué une étude bibliographique approfondie dont les résultats les plus saillants sont mis en relief dans ce qui suit.