bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polymerase chain reaction and real-time PCR for diagnosing of Leishmania infantum chagasi in dogs
Authors: Ramos Rafael Antonio do Nascimento , Ramos Carlos Alberto do Nascimento , Jusi Márcia Mariza Gomes , Araújo Flábio Ribeiro de , Machado Rosangela Zacarias , Faustino Maria Aparecida da Glória , Alves Leucio Câmara
Published: October 2012

The importance of dogs as a reservoir for Leishmania infantumchagasi in urban environments has stimulated numerous studies assessing diagnostic techniques. When performed properly, such procedures are an important step in preventing leishmaniasis in humans. Molecular methods have become prominent for this purpose. The aim of the present study was to determine the performance of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR (qPCR) for diagnosing of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) using different biological samples. For this, 35 dogs from an area endemic for CVL were used. Bone marrow aspirate and lymph node and spleen fragments from these dogs were used for the molecular diagnosis. In the present study, qPCR was able to detect a greater number of positive animals than seen with PCR. Among the different biological samples used, there was no significant difference in L. infantumchagasi DNA detection between PCR and qPCR. However, considering that lymph nodes are easy to acquire, these can be considered to be the best samples for making molecular diagnoses of L. infantum chagasi infection.
Principal component analysis on the perceptions of milk producers about Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus control in Minas Gerais
Authors: Rocha Christiane Maria Barcellos Magalhães da , Bruhn Fábio Raphael Pascoti , Leite Romário Cerqueira , Guimarães Antônio Marcos , Sampaio Ivan Barbosa , Oliveira Paulo Roberto de
Published: October 2012

Milk producers in Lavras, Passos and Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, were interviewed with the aim of evaluating their perceptions and attitudes regarding control over Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Multivariate correlation between the variables was done by means of principal component analysis. The producers' perceptions and attitudes regarding R. (B.) microplus were similar: most of them did not have any basic knowledge of tick biology or control, and they applied acaricide products through backpack spraying, without any defined technical criteria. Some of the results obtained were: I. a negative correlation between schooling level and the frequency of spraying cattle with acaricides; II. a positive correlation between milk production, quality of equipment for acaricide application and technological level of the farm; III. farm properties with greater production and technification tended to keep the intervals between acaricide applications constant over the course of the year. After applying principal component analysis, a positive correlation was observed between schooling level, technological level of the farm and perceptions regarding R. (B.) microplus, but without any correlation with attitudes towards controlling this tick. It was concluded that higher technological level and schooling level improved the producers' perceptions relating to the biology of the tick R. (B.) microplus, but did not achieve effectiveness with regard to using controls more rationally.
Experimental infection with Neospora caninum in pregnant bitches
Authors: Cavalcante Guacyara Tenorio , Soares Rodrigo Martins , Nishi Sandra Mayumi , Hagen Stéfano Carlo Filippo , Vannucchi Camila Infantoni , Maiorka Paulo Cesar , Paixão Anaiá Sevá , Gennari Solange Maria
Published: October 2012

In this study, transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum in bitches at different stages of pregnancy was evaluated. Three bitches were inoculated in the 3rd week and three in the 6th week of gestation with 10(8) tachyzoites of N. caninum (Nc-1 strain). All the infected bitches and at least one of their offspring presented anti-N. caninum antibodies according to the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT > 400). The pups and their mothers were sacrificed and tissues from the central nervous system (CNS), popliteal lymph nodes, skeletal muscle, brain, lungs, heart and liver were analyzed for the presence of N. caninum using the nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The parasite was found in the pups in lymph node, CNS, heart and liver tissues using nested PCR. There was no difference in perinatal mortality between the offspring from bitches infected in the 3rd week of gestation (60%) and in the 6th week (53.8%).
Rangelia vitalii: changes in the enzymes ALT, CK and AST during the acute phase of experimental infection in dogs
Authors: Costa Márcio Machado , França Raqueli Teresinha , Da Silva Aleksandro Schafer , Paim Carlos Breno , Paim Francine , Amaral Carlos Henrique do , Dornelles Guilherme Lopes , Cunha João Paulo Monteiro Carvalho Mori da , Soares João Fabio , Labruna Marcelo Bahia , Mazzanti Cinthia Melazzo Andrade , Monteiro Silvia Gonzalez , Lopes Sonia Terezinha dos Anjos
Published: October 2012

Rangelia vitalii is a protozoon that causes diseases in dogs, and anemia is the most common laboratory finding. However, few studies on the biochemical changes in dogs infected with this protozoon exist. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the biochemical changes in dogs experimentally infected with R. vitalii, during the acute phase of the infection. For this study, 12 female dogs (aged 6-12 months and weighing between 4 and 7 kg) were used, divided in two groups. Group A was composed of healthy dogs (n = 5); and group B consisted of infected animals (n = 7). Blood samples were collected on days 0, 10, 20 and 30 after infection, using tubes without anticoagulant to obtain serum and analyze the biochemical parameters. An increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) on day 20 (P < 0.05) was observed. Also, increased creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were observed throughout the experimental period (P < 0.05). No changes in the serum gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea and creatinine levels were observed. Thus, is possible to conclude that experimental infection with R. vitalii in dogs causes changes to the biochemical profile, with increased ALT, AST and CK enzyme levels.
Recovery of gastrointestinal swine parasites in anaerobic biodigester systems
Authors: Cañon-Franco William Alberto , Henao-Agudelo Ricardo Andrés , Pérez-Bedoya José Leandro
Published: October 2012

Solid and liquid wastes from livestock operations represent important challenges for animal production regarding their impact in the environment and public health. Parasitological tests performed on 80 samples of affluent and effluent waters from three anaerobic biodigestors with flexible structure from swine farms of Caldas - Colombia, showed the presence of Isospora suis (45%), Eimeria suis (42.5%), E. espinosa (35%), Strongyloides ransomi (28.8%), E. perminuta (12.5%), E. cerdonis (3.8%), and E. porci (2.5%). The additional finding of eggs of Taenia spp. in 10% of the samples was probably caused by a connection between the human sewage system and the biodigester. Although we observed a mean decrease of 65.6% of parasites, these levels were insufficient to meet the minimum requirement set by Engelberg's guidelines regarding water quality. This study demonstrates the serious environmental impact that an inadequately treated animal wastewater represents, and has important implications for water resources and human health.
Marine leech Ozobranchus margoi parasitizing loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Rodenbusch Carla Rosane , Marks Fernanda Simone , Canal Cláudio Wageck , Reck José
Published: October 2012

This paper reports the finding of several Ozobranchus margoi (Annelida: Hirudinea) parasitizing a loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) that was found in the municipality of Tavares, state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Since this parasite is considered to be a vector of chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV-5), the leeches collected were tested for the presence of this virus. All the specimens were negative on PCR analysis. Although O. margoi is considered to be a common sea turtle parasite, this is the first official record describing collection of this parasite from a loggerhead turtle in southern Brazil, within the country's subtropical zone. This finding draws attention to the presence of this parasite and to the risk of leech-borne infectious diseases among turtles found along the coast of southern Brazil.
Pathologies of Oligacanthorhynchus pardalis (Acanthocephala, Oligacanthorhynchidae) in Leopardus tigrinus (Carnivora, Felidae) in Southern Brazil
Authors: Gallas Moisés , Silvera Eliane Fraga da
Published: October 2012

In Brazil, Oligacanthorhynchus pardalis (Westrumb, 1821) Schmidt, 1972 has been observed in five species of wild felines. In the present study, five roadkilled oncillas (Leopardus tigrinus Schreber, 1775) were collected in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Chronic lesions caused by O. pardalis were observed in the small intestine of one of the specimens. Histological examination identified a well-defined leukocyte infiltration and an area of collagenous fibrosis. Only males parasites (n = 5) were found, with a prevalence of 20%. The life cycle of Oligacanthorhynchus species is poorly known, although arthropods may be their intermediate hosts. The low prevalence encountered may be related to the small number of hosts examined, and the reduced ingestion of arthropods infected by larvae of O. pardalis. This is the first report of O. pardalis parasitizing L. tigrinus in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul.
Ticks on buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Corrêa Fabíola do Nascimento , Cunha Nathalie Costa da , Rangel Charles Passos , Fonseca Adivaldo Henrique da
Published: October 2012

Some tick species have been described parasitizing buffaloes, but reports from Brazil are rare. This study aimed to ascertain the species of ticks that parasitize buffaloes in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Seventeen farm properties were visited between June 2008 and December 2009, and buffaloes were inspected in relation to infestation. The ticks were identified and a semi-structured questionnaire on parasitism and treatment against ticks was filled out through interviews with the owners. The species identified were Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Dermacentornitens and Amblyommacajennense. It was noted that 82.3% (14/17) of the properties visited presented animals infested with ticks, although 76.5% (13/17) had been administering acaricide treatment. Buffaloes in the state of Rio de Janeiro are often parasitized by ticks, especially in the larval and nymph stages.
Infestation by Haematopinus quadripertusus on cattle in São Domingos do Capim, state of Pará, Brazil
Authors: Scofield Alessandra , Campos Karinny Ferreira , Silva Aryane Maximina Melo da , Oliveira Cairo Henrique Sousa , Barbosa José Diomedes , Góes-Cavalcante Gustavo
Published: October 2012

Severe infestation with lice was observed on crossbred cattle (Bos taurus indicus ×Bos taurus taurus) in the municipality of São Domingos do Capim, state of Pará, Brazil. Sixty-five animals were inspected and the lice were manually collected, preserved in 70% alcohol and taken to the Animal Parasitology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Brazil, for identification. The adult lice were identified as Haematopinus quadripertusus, and all the cattle examined were infested by at least one development stage of this ectoparasite. The specimens collected were located only on the tail in 80% (52/65) of the cattle, while they were around the eyes as well as on the ears and tail in 20% (13/65). Nits, nymphs and adults of the parasite were respectively collected from 98.46% (64/65), 38.46% (25/65) and 23.08% (15/65) of the animals examined. This is the first report of bovine pediculosis caused by H. quadripertusus in the state of Pará, Brazil. Further studies should be conducted to determine the occurrence pattern of this species in Brazil and its importance to livestock production.
Contamination of public parks in Presidente Prudente (São Paulo, Brazil) by Toxocara spp. eggs
Authors: Santarém Vamilton Alvares , Pereira Vanessa Cristina , Alegre Beatriz Cristina Porto
Published: October 2012

This study aims to evaluate soil contamination by Toxocara spp. eggs in public parks in Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil. Soil samples (500 g) were collected every month over a 12-month period, from 25 parks in different parts of the city (northern, southern, eastern, western and central areas). Two 10-g aliquots of the material collected from each park were subjected to the centrifuge-flotation method to recover Toxocara spp. eggs. Twenty-four out of the 25 squares studied (96.0%) were contaminated and the number of eggs recovered ranged from 1 to 398 per sample. Eggs were recovered all over the year. Despite the number being greater in autumn (p < 0.001), there was no correlation between number egg number and average monthly temperature (r = -0.492; p = 0.148) or between egg number and monthly rainfall (r = -0.299; p = 0.402). Park localization does not influence egg presence (p = 0.7116). Because of the high level of contamination of the parks by Toxocara spp. eggs, prevention of contamination of public areas by larva migrans agents is indicated.
A survey of ectoparasite infestation in dogs in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Jamshidi Shahram , Maazi Nadi , Ranjbar-Bahadori Shahrokh , Rezaei Mahdiyeh , Morakabsaz Pedram , Hosseininejad Morteza
Published: October 2012

This survey was conducted to identify and estimate the frequencies of ectoparasites of dogs in Tehran, Iran. A total of 143 dogs attended at the Small Animal Hospital of the Veterinary School, the University of Tehran, were examined for the presence of ectoparasites and dermatological lesions. Ectoparasite specimens and blood samples were sent to parasitology and hematology laboratories, respectively. Ticks were the most frequent ectoparasite (36.4%, 52/143), followed by fleas (29.4%, 42/143), mites (25.9%, 37/143), and lice (8.4%, 12/143). Mixed infestations with two or more ectoparasites were detected in eight dogs. Rhipicephalus bursa was the most frequent ectoparasite in spring and summer. Ectoparasitic infestations were recorded mainly in large breeds and juvenile animals. Eosinophilia was more observed in dogs infested with Sarcoptes scabiei. The most common clinical sign, skin pruritus, was associated with mite and lice infestations. These results indicate that the tick R. bursa was the most prominent species of ectoparasite found in the evaluated group, followed by Ctenocephalides canis and S. scabiei var canis.
Assembly Movements and the Deregulation of the Political
Authors: Gourgouris Stathis
Published: October 2012

I remember the devastating irony of a new york times frontpage photograph on thanksgiving day 2011 depicting a row of people who had pitched tents outside a Best Buy department store in Mesquite, Texas. Alas, the campers were not staging an Occupy Best Buy but positioning themselves at the head of Black Friday's mad rush. At any other time, the photograph would have been unremarkable, perhaps not even newsworthy. This itself shows how extensively consumerist desire is internalized in the American psyche. Black Friday (what a cynical name!) is so ingrained in American life that it occupies its own slot in society's calendar. Some years ago a person died on Black Friday, trampled in the mad storming of a Walmart palace in New Jersey. I argued then that charges should be brought against President George W. Bush for instigating a homicide, since on the day after 9/11 he had commanded the American people to respond to the catastrophe by going shopping.
“Education Is Our Occupation”
Authors: Langan Celeste
Published: October 2012

When my berkeley colleague the poet robert hass wrote for the new york times an account of the occupy cal event of 9 november 2011, he described the “strange contingencies” that struck his mind (even as the police baton struck his body). Since that day, when I was arrested (the police used a technique they call a hair-pull takedown) for linking arms with students to protect tents erected in solidarity with Occupy and in defiance of the campus's no-tents policy, I too have felt those contingencies. My decision to participate was no accident; I wanted to resist the conceptual and practical attenuation of the ideal of education as a res publica. But at the time of my arrest I had not yet recognized how much Occupy resonates with issues I have made the center of my scholarly life: vagrancy, mobility, freedom. This brief essay considers the new inflection Occupy has given to my understanding of the work of education. To exercise freedom of thought is not merely to engage heterodox ideas; it is to make thinking take place and take its time. It is to refuse attempts to constrain, by regulations concerning time, place, and manner, the public exercise of thinking.
The Labors of Michael Jackson: Virtuosity, Deindustrialization, and Dancing Work
Authors: Hamera Judith
Published: October 2012

Michael Jackson, arguably the most notable popular-culture virtuoso of the late twentieth century, cannot be understood outside the economic moment that produced him. This essay examines relations between his virtuosity as a dancer and the trajectory of American deindustrialization in the period 1983–88. Through the trope of the human motor, Jackson's virtuosity produces nostalgia for a vanishing industrial past, while barely containing the contradictions and exclusions endemic to the industrial modernist project, especially those involving race. This trope is activated by the intersection of his movement vocabulary and his recurring invocations of hard work. Jackson's dancing in this period reveals a neglected aspect of virtuosity in dance more generally. As an allegorical presentation of idealized relations between the body and work abandoned by the relentless motility of capital, Jackson's virtuosity allows audiences to view these disappearing modes with a romantic backward glance.
On a Horse
Authors: Steedman Carolyn
Published: October 2012

Labor was an analytic category in the long english eighteenth century, but was work equally so? Is there any point in discovering a difference between the two? Lawyers and high-court judges, philosophers, physiologists, and prelates worked hard at the business of defining labor, over many years. Their formulations provided the legal and conceptual underpinnings of a new form of society born of the era of revolutions (political, philosophical, industrial; American, Atlantic, French). Here was a template for social knowledge in an emerging class society. Society was divided into propertied and propertyless; the propertyless were compelled by material need to put their labor at the disposal of the propertied. The labor of the poor was a country's natural resource, like its soil and seas and mines; it fell to the propertied to deploy this resource for the national benefit. British philosophers and physicists analyzed labor as a form of energy, often drawing an analogy between it and another great resource of the nation, its horses. Working men and women and horses were bound together in the deep structure of political thinking about labor and the social order. For eighteenth-century theorists, legislators, and farmers, the horse was the immanent measure of labor power and labor time. A horse was a measure of labor itself. There were perhaps a million horses in England and Wales in the late eighteenth century, about half of them workhorses in farming. The contribution of their dung to cereal-crop yield is attested to by economic and agricultural historians (Wrigley,Continuity35–46; Gerhold; Turner). Horses were one reason the nation was, by and large, able to feed an increased population out of its own natural resources and sources of labor power, unlike other European countries in the period 1660–1820 (Wrigley,Poverty44–67). The importance of the horse to agricultural productivity seems assured, though some contemporary economists, in the face of harvest failures in the 1790s and ongoing crises of dearth, complained of too many horses and of the vast amount of grain and labor spent in foddering and caring for them (Crafts; Brooke 1–34).
It's a Living: Hit Men in the Mexican Narco War
Authors: Biron Rebecca E.
Published: October 2012

Because hit men in the twenty-first-century Mexican drug war engage in paid labor at the extreme end of dehumanizing economic relations, they expose the shifting notions of work, life, and ethics that support contemporary global capitalism. Hannah Arendt's distinctions between labor, work, and action structure this comparative analysis of two 2010 narratives featuring Mexican hit men: a testimonial text titled El Sicario: The Autobiography of a Mexican Assassin and a feature film titled El infierno. These texts explore the subject-producing as well as the destructive effects of murder for hire. Alain Badiou's Ethics illuminates how when professional killing becomes a way of life, it provocatively complicates concepts of the good and the human.
“Work and Wait Unwearying”: Dunbar's Georgics
Authors: Ronda Margaret
Published: October 2012

This essay argues that the georgic poems of Paul Laurence Dunbar offer his most incisive representations of the hardships faced by African Americans after Reconstruction. Written in the context of Jim Crow laws, vagrancy statutes, and other coercive means of restricting the mobility of southern blacks and extracting compulsory labor from them, these poems present the hard agrarian work characteristic of the rural Black Belt. They confront the pervasive rhetoric of racial uplift through labor, popularized by Booker T. Washington, that dominates American social discourse on race in the late nineteeth and early twentieth centuries, by revealing the negative freedom of black agrarian labor. At the same time, these poems assert the humanity and blamelessness of African Americans in the face of institutional racism. The essay aims to recast Dunbar's legacy by turning attention from his dialect poetry toward his georgic analyses of the uneven modernization of racialized labor.
Industry in Idealized Form: The Work of Movies in Film's First One Hundred Years
Authors: Davidson John E.
Published: October 2012

Martin scorsese's big-budget, 3-d extravaganzahugo, which opens with images of Paris as a huge timekeeping mechanism, undertakes a dual rescue mission. It reclaims Georges Méliès's early cinematic fantasies from the violence of time and progress and saves a young, industrious boy from the violence of a society that has no room for children who fend for themselves outside a family. In doing so,Hugoassures the viewer that the technological wonder of future filmmaking is rooted in a romanticized image of a thoroughly bourgeois past. The movie's threats are embedded in a mise-en-scène full of iconic imagery of modern industry made fantastic. The giant clocks and gears located above and in the walls of Paris's largest train station, which are voluntarily tended by a lone child laborer, evoke neither wonder nor laughter as much as a sense of menace in connection with the young protagonist scurrying around in them. While Scorsese's film situates the origins of movies in fin-de-siècle Paris asthemodern industrial city, it also takes pains to make Méliès's products seem like dreams, cultivated in a greenhouse of industrial activity to become larger-than-life projections obscuring modern industry. Tater I will consider the consequences of the film's arc taking this precocious lad from the world dominated by fanciful dangers into a home: for the moment it will suffice to remember that Hugo evokes work as the source from which humans and an automaton derive their purpose and that the film means this to be self-evident to the audience. At the same time it sets in motion a narrative that aims to remove the protagonist from the world dominated by signs of modern industrial work and from the labor that seems such a distressing burden on him at the film's outset. This essay explores that apparent contradiction in the broader history of cinema.
The Slave's Work: Reading Slavery through Hegel's Master-Slave Dialectic
Authors: Aching Gerard
Published: October 2012

Inphenomenology of spirit(1807), G. W. F. Hegel employs the figures of the “lord” and “bondsman” to explain the struggle between an independent and a dependent self-consciousness in the aftermath of what he calls the “trial by death” or “life-and-death struggle.” Commonly cited today as the “master-slave dialectic,” this complex, foundational theory of the subject relies on metaphors that compel us to ask whether consciousness can be represented through language. Hegel's recourse to these metaphors has produced two broad tendencies in the understanding of and approach to “master” and “slave” in the philosopher's theory. Many current interpreters of the dialectic practice a phylogenetic reading, in which both figures are taken as historical subjects whose documented interpersonal relations provide empirical proof of slavery's practices. By contrast, most Continental philosophers perform an ontogenetic reading, in which they consider the relations between master and slave to be intrapersonal and regard these figures as metaphors that can be used to explain precise moments in the speculative processes of consciousness. Deciding to read the master-slave dialectic as either a struggle between two individuals or a struggle between two forms of consciousness within the subject has important theoretical and methodological consequences that I would like to describe and examine, especially as they pertain to the meanings of work in slavery. Whereas the slave's work has traditionally and accurately been understood as physical labor externally enforced by the master, less critical attention has been paid to reading the slave's work ontogenetically, as an internal struggle for the freedom of self-mastery. Such an ontogenetic reading provides valuable insights into ubiquitous but less frequently studied forms of resistance from within slavery.
The Prehistory of Possessive Individualism
Authors: Greeson Jennifer Rae
Published: October 2012

One of the central tenets of liberal individualism holds that property rights and citizenship rights are based in self-possession, which is often defined as an original ownership of one's own labor potential. In this short essay I propose that the concept of self-possession rests on a prior assumption that selves are possessable objects—an assumption that was generated, before and alongside liberal political theory, in the practice of Atlantic slave capitalism. I will first consider how John Locke formulates the theory of possessive individualism in one of the most-cited passages of hisSecond Treatise of Government(1690). To shed light on that theory's implications, I will turn toA Narrative of the Life and Adventures ofventure, a Native of Africa(1798), which recounts how Venture Smith, an eighteenth-century man enslaved as a child, came to possess himself, quite literally, by purchasing himself. Smith's account illuminates the tacit precondition of Locke's self-possessing individual: to be owned, the self must first be alienated, entered into the market, “thingified.” Juxtaposing Locke and Smith provides a snapshot of a larger project, in which I argue that Enlightenment thought was founded on—not merely proximal to—the Atlantic imperial context out of which it arose.
Of Work and Leisure: Digital World's Fairs and the Active Fairgoer
Authors: Coletta Cristina Della
Published: October 2012

Since the publication of simulacres et simulation (1981), Jean Baudrillard's analyses of technologically advanced societies as existing in a state of hyperreality—a condition marked by the alleged inability of our collective consciousness to differentiate reality from the simulation of reality—have inspired both caustic criticism and zealous support. One of Baudrillard's most famous dicta, the assertion that shopping malls, theme parks, and video games have produced “sublimations” of a real without origin or density, suspended in a condition of “hallucinatory resemblance” to itself, generated apocalyptic conclusions: we, postmodern denizens of the hyperreal, have become inept at experiencing and interpreting the world, which has been emptied of meaning (Simulations 23). In Travels in Hyperreality, Umberto Eco mirrored Baudrillard's posture but avoided the caustic pessimism Baudrillard displayed when, for example, he argued that the replicas of settings in the United States at Disneyland are more real than their real-world counterparts, with the consequence that America has become “more and more like Disneyland” (Best and Kellner, Postmodern Theory 119). In Europe as well as the United States, we were told that we lived in a world doomed to inertia and entropy, where all distinct hermeneutical systems and stable theories of knowledge had dissolved into a vaporous vacuum without substance and depth.
The Work of Criticism in Journal Refereeing
Authors: Saldívar Ramón
Published: October 2012

Whenever i have occasion to pause in the course of my chock-full schedule as a professor of english and comparative literature to consider the nature of the work I do beyond research and classroom teaching, journal refereeing is not at the top of my list of things that fill my day or fulfill me. Beyond research and teaching, my efforts in assisting students, friends, and colleagues as they attend to their own research and teaching usually take priority over journal refereeing. I suspect this is true for many of us—except, of course, for journal editors. In the academy, when we scholar-teachers are not doing scholarship and teaching, we are likely shaping the conditions that allow others to do research, teach, and learn.
Directing and Teaching in a Summer Intensive Program in Portuguese
Authors: Albuquerque Severino J.
Published: October 2012

Early in my probationary period at the university of wisconsin, madison, long before my department (spanish and portuguese) began assigning mentors to junior faculty members, I found myself in a work situation that would shape my career profoundly.
Work-Work Balance, Metrics, and Resetting the Balance
Authors: Woodward Kathleen
Published: October 2012

In 1982, a year after i was appointed director of the center for twentieth century studies at the university of wisconsin, milwaukee (I had just received tenure), I met with a program officer at the National Endowment for the Humanities in Washington, DC. “Aren't you a little young to be the director of a humanities center?” he asked. Notwithstanding the inappropriateness of the question, my point is that thirty years later I'm still in the same position, albeit at the Simpson Center for the Humanities at the University of Washington, Seattle. In a sense I haven't moved. I have consistently chosen to remain at this level in university administration, refusing the hierarchical ladder (chair, associate dean, dean, provost, president) in order to stay close to faculty and graduate student research, including my own, and relying on building networks across the campus and the country in order to have influence at my university and beyond. Two anecdotes—I think of them as short stories—illustrate why.
The plastic limit of clays
Authors: HAIGH S.K. , VARDANEGA P.J. , BOLTON M.D.
Published: October 2012

The plastic limit of soils was first described by Atterberg in 1911. The thread-rolling test was standardised at the US Public Roads Bureau in the 1920s and 1930s, and has subsequently become one of the standard tests of soil mechanics. This paper reviews the original definitions of plastic limit as proposed by Atterberg, and proposes that the brittle failure observed in the plastic limit test is caused by either air entry or cavitation in the clay. Critical state soil mechanics is used to show that the observed range of undrained shear strengths of soils at plastic limit is consistent with this hypothesis. The fallacy that strength at plastic limit is a constant is highlighted, and the implications for geotechnical practice are discussed.
The Golder Archive: further insights into the birth of Géotechnique
Authors: BROWN S.F.
Published: October 2012

Information and records presented in previous papers describing the creation and early life of Géotechnique have been augmented by documents recently discovered in archives created by the late Hugh Golder, one of the journal's founding fathers. Correspondence with members of the European geotechnical community and with Karl Terzaghi in the 1940s and 1950s presents some new insights into the birth of Géotechnique and the characters involved, notably Hugh Golder himself. This paper summarises the principal information, and reproduces some of the interesting documents in the archive. It is presented within the context of earlier papers on the subject by the founding fathers of Géotechnique and by the author.
“Pyogenic Granuloma - Hyperplastic Lesion of the Gingiva: Case Reports”
Authors: Verma Pushpendra Kumar , Srivastava Ruchi , Baranwal HC , Chaturvedi TP , Gautam Anju , Singh Amit
Published: October 2012

Pyogenic granuloma is a reactive hyperplasia of connective tissue in response to local irritants. It is a tumourlike
growth of the oral cavity, frequently located surrounding the anterior teeth or skin that is considered to be neoplastic
in nature. It usually arises in response to various stimuli such as low-grade local irritation, traumatic injury, hormonal factors,
or certain kinds of drugs. Histologically, the surface epithelium may be intact, or may show foci of ulcerations or
even exhibiting hyperkeratosis. It overlies a mass of dense connective tissue composed of significant amounts of mature
collagen. Gingiva is the most common site affected followed by buccal mucosa, tongue and lips. Pyogenic granuloma in
general, does not occur when excised along with the base and its causative factors. This paper presents some cases of a
pyogenic granuloma managed by surgical intervention.
Postextraction Implant Placement with Immediate Provisionalisation and Finalisation, Using a Simplified Technique: Technical Notes and a Case Report
Authors: Scala Rudy , Ghensi Paolo , Cucchi Alessandro , Pistoia Enrico
Published: October 2012

Trauma of maxillary teeth is a common accident. In most cases, the result is a root or crown fracture requiring
tooth extraction and implant placement. Immediate postextraction implants are considered an effective option for restoring
missing teeth in order to achieve successful aesthetic and functional outcomes. The aim of this article is to describe a
clinical case in which a fractured maxillary canine was replaced by an osseointegrated implant using a simplified technique
in a patient who was a smoker and presented poor oral hygiene. The technique adopted permits a reduction of the
number of implant components and consequently a lower cost of treatment, while at the same time maintaining acceptable
aesthetic and functional outcomes.
Developing a Web-Based HIV Behavioral Surveillance Pilot Project Among Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Sanchez Travis , Smith Amanda , Denson Damian , DiNenno Elizabeth , Lansky Amy
Published: October 2012

Background:

A web-based HIV behavioral surveillance system (WHBS) has potential to collect behavioral data from men who have sex with men (MSM) not reached through traditional sampling methods. Six U.S. cities conducted a WHBS pilot in 2005-2007 to determine the feasibility to conduct a behavioral surveillance project entirely on the internet.

Methods:

Three sampling methods of adult MSM on the internet were explored: direct marketing (DM) using banner advertisements; respondent-driven sampling (RDS) using peer recruitment; and venue-based sampling (VBS) using internet venues.

Results:

A total of 8,434 complete MSM surveys were obtained: 8,109 through DM, 130 through RDS, and 195 through VBS. By methods, enrollment rates ranged from 70-90%; completion rates ranged from 67-95%. DM obtained the largest proportions of racial/ethnic minority MSM (36%) and MSM 18-20 years (19%).

Conclusions:

Only the DM method achieved a substantial number of complete MSM surveys. Successful implementation of an internet-based systematic sampling method may be problematic, but a convenience sample of MSM using banner advertisements is feasible and may produce useful and timely behavioral information from a large number of MSM.
Expression of CCR5, CXCR4 and DC-SIGN in Cervix of HIV-1 Heterosexually Infected Mexican Women
Authors: Rivera-Morales Lydia Guadalupe , Lopez-Guillen Paulo , Vazquez-Guillen Jose Manuel , Palacios-Saucedo Gerardo C , Rosas-Taraco Adrian G , Ramirez-Pineda Antonio , Amaya-Garcia Patricia Irene , Rodriguez-Padilla Cristina
Published: October 2012

Background:

A number of studies have demonstrated that receptor and co-receptor expression levels which may affect viral entry, promoting cervical HIV infection. The aim was to evaluate the expression levels of CCR5, CXCR4and DC-SIGN mRNA in a sample of heterosexually HIV infected Mexican women.

Methods:

We enrolled twenty-six HIV heterosexual infected women attending a local infectious diseases medical unit.RNA was isolated from the cervix and gene expression analysis was performed using real-time PCR.

Results:

Expression rates for mRNA of CCR5 (median 1.82; range 0.003–2934) were higher than those observed for CXCR4 (0.79; 0.0061–3312) and DC-SIGN (0.33; 0.006–532) receptors (p < 0.05). A high correlation was found between the mRNA expression levels of these three receptors (rs = 0.52 to 0.85, p < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Levels of expression of the tested chemokine receptors in the cervix are different from each other and alsovary from woman to woman, and seem to support the suggestion that chemokine receptor expression in genital tissues may be playing a role in the HIV transmission.
Humoral immunity in puppies of immune bitches vaccinated with an attenuated and inactivated
Authors: Bacic Dragan , Obrenovic Sonja , Valcic Miroslav , Trailovic Dragisa , Dobric Djordje
Published: October 2012

In order to examine the humoral immune response to a vaccine against canine parvoviruses in puppies of immune bitches, vaccinated during gravidity, an experiment was performed on a total of 56 puppies from 10 litters, which were vaccinated three times, on the 7th, 11th, and 17th weeks of life. One group of puppies was vaccinated with an attenuated vaccine, while another was vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine. The titer of maternal antibodies and the vaccine - induced titer of specific antibodies were examined using the IHA test. The titer of maternal antibodies in puppies before the first vaccination ranged from <20 to 1:80. Following vaccination, we established an expected increase in the titer of specific antibodies, over 1:160 without more significant differences between the two types of vaccines.
Quality and content of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in complete fodder mixture in region of Kraljevo
Authors: Vukasinovic Marija , Mihajlovic Randjel , Pavlicevic Nina , Pavlicevic Arandjel , Popovic Petar
Published: October 2012

We followed the quality and content of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in maize fodder and complete fodder mixture (CFM) for fattened bullocks in the region of Kraljevo. Quality analyses included 10 samples of CFM for bullocks under 250 kg, and 11 samples of CFM for bullocks over 250 kg, while 28 samples were analysed for content of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb. Samples were prepared from ash for microelement content analysis and microelements were determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) method. The quality of CFM was determined by standard methods. We also determined dry matter content, so we expressed the content of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in dry matter and air-dried hay. The average content of water in CFM for bullocks under 250 kg was 10.67% ashes 4.58%, crude fibre 5.10%, proteins 14.55 %, Ca 0.83% and P 0.50 %. The average content of water in CFM for bullocks over 250 kg was 10.78%, ashes 4.44 %, crude fibre 5.26 %, proteins 13.40 %, Ca 0.85 % and P 0.51 %. The average content of Cu in maize fodder on farm A was 7.86 mg/kg, Zn 24.01 mg/kg, while Cd and Pb were not detected. Content of Cu in CFM on farm B was 7.53 mg/kg, farm C 21.30 mg/kg and farm D 75.51 mg/kg, and of Zn 40.34 mg/kg, 88.87 mg/kg and 115.61 mg/kg, respectively. The content of Cd and Pb in CFM was under maximum permitted concentrations on all farms.
Use of nuclear medicine imaging: Scintigraphy in diagnosis of equine orthopedic disease
Authors: Kovac Milomir , Nowak Michael , Petzoldt S. , Tambur Zoran
Published: October 2012

This study describes techniques, indications and findings of nuclear medicine imaging ? scintigraphy of 42 horses with acute and chronic lameness of unknown origin. Most horses showed increased uptake of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate in the tarsal joint (linked to the osteoarthritis and distal tarsal synovitis), the distal sesamoid bones (linked to the navicular disease), proximal attaches of the musculus interoseus medius on the palmar/plantar region of the metacarpus or metatarsus (linked to the insertations desmopathie) and in the dorsal processes of thoracic vertebrae (linked to the kissing spine syndrome). The interpretation of scintigraphy appeared to be a more reliable and sensitive diagnostic method than radiography in diagnosing these equine orthopedic disease.
Standard language in the contemporary social context and the phenomenon of the so-called language destandardization
Authors: Stojiljkovic Vukasin
Published: October 2012

The standardization of the contemporary European languages was triggered by
the process of social centralization which began as the Middle Ages drew to
an end. It got its momentum during the period of nation-building, the age
that saw the emergence of dozens of European standard languages. In the
contemporary context, a phenomenon called language destandardization is
observed. In this paper we take it under scrutiny and argue that it can be
interpreted in different manners depending on the perspective applied. We
conclude that socially conditioned linguistic variation within standard
languages is a consequence of their spread through the population and, as
such, inevitable.
Financial Statement Disaggregation Decisions and Auditors' Tolerance for Misstatement
Authors: Libby Robert , Brown Timothy
Published: October 2012

Current IFRS requires significant disaggregation of income statement numbers while such disaggregation is voluntary and much less common under U.S. GAAP. We examine whether voluntary disaggregation of income statement numbers increases the reliability of income statement subtotals because auditors permit less misstatement in the disaggregated numbers. In our experiment, experienced auditors require correction of smaller errors in disaggregated numbers. Auditors also believe that greater disaggregation will increase SEC scrutiny of uncorrected financial statement errors in the disaggregated numbers. However, the effects are substantially reduced if the disaggregated numbers are presented in the notes. Furthermore, there is significant disagreement among participants on whether disaggregated numbers are relevant materiality benchmarks, and on what current auditing guidance requires. These results suggest a potential deficiency in current audit guidance, which traditionally has been aimed at promoting consensus in practice among auditors. The results also suggest an unintended positive consequence of voluntary disaggregation for the reliability of income statement subtotals. Possible effects of management behavior and required disaggregation resulting from U.S. adoption of IFRS or the recommendations of the joint FASB/IASB financial statement presentation project are also discussed.

Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.
The Internal Audit Function in Information Technology Governance: A Holistic Perspective
Authors: Héroux Sylvie , Fortin Anne
Published: October 2012

The internal audit function's (IAF) role has evolved from traditional (accounting and financial control) to more strategic (governance). The business environment has changed as well, and nowadays relies considerably on information technology (IT). Only a few studies have investigated IT governance from a holistic perspective. Further, no study has closely examined IAF involvement in IT governance as a whole. This study uses a holistic approach to describe IAF involvement in IT governance and to explore the influence of IAF characteristics on this involvement. Survey results indicate that IAF involvement in IT governance structures, processes, and relational capabilities has not fully expanded. Also, IAF resources and IT audit experience, IT personnel and IT training/certification, and interaction between the IAF and board of directors committees influence IAF involvement in overall IT governance. These IAF characteristics influence each dimension of IAF involvement in IT governance differently. The overall results should be useful to internal auditors, senior executives, and board members seeking to enhance, assess, or make changes to their organization's IT governance.
Studies of Transformational Leadership in the Consumer Service Workgroup: Cooperative Conflict Resolution and the Mediating Roles of Job Satisfaction and Change Commitment
Authors: Yang Yi-Feng
Published: October 2012

The present paper evaluates the effect of transformational leadership on job satisfaction and change commitment along with their interconnected effects (mediation) on cooperative conflict resolution (management) in customer service activities in Taiwan. The multi-source samples consist of data from personnel serving at customer centers (workgroups), such as phone service personnel, customer representatives, financial specialists, and front-line salespeople. An empirical study was carried out using a multiple mediation procedure incorporating bootstrapping techniques and PRODCLIN2 with structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. The results indicate that the main effect of the leadership style on cooperative conflict resolution is mediated by change commitment and job satisfaction.
Verbal Interactions in Taiwanese Group Counseling Process: A Cross-Cultural Perspective
Authors: Der Pan Peter Jen , Deng Liang-Yu F. , Fan Ai Churn , Yuan Jenny S. S.
Published: October 2012

Although group verbal behaviors have been extensively studied, little research has examined how the types and frequencies of interactions vary across cultures. The purpose of this study was to examine verbal interactions in the Taiwanese group counseling process from a cultural perspective. 58 students were recruited from seven colleges of a comprehensive university in Taiwan. They were randomly assigned to one of the following: the Family Reconstruction group, Transactional Analysis group, or Growth group, as well as three Counseling groups. By using the Hill Interaction Matrix-SS (HIM-SS), participants' verbal interactions in the three groups were coded. Personal and Relationship Content verbal interactions were frequently used and the Confrontative and Assertive Work verbal interactions were least used in the group process. Personal, Relationship, Conventional, and Speculative verbal interactions were ranked high, but those of Group, Topics, Confrontative, and Assertive were much less used by both leaders and members. The differences of the verbal interactions and Silence responses between leaders and members in counseling groups were examined; there were no significant differences between the leaders' and members' verbal interactions and Silence. Specific types of verbal interactions influenced by cultural issues were discussed.