bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spirituality as an International Coping Method during Covid-19
Authors: Sabuncu Beren Crim , Kosic Ankica , Ai Amy L.
Published: October 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought forth global challenges in socioeconomic, political, and public health dimensions. For many, spirituality was a powerful source of support during this pandemic experience. The current review provides an apt overview of spirituality as a coping method to mitigate the mental and emotional impact of global turmoil of Covid-19 within the context of Europe. Using select studies from Czechia, Italy, and Turkey which have low, middle, and high religiosity indexes respectively, the potential positive effects of spirituality are examined across differing samples, geographical contexts, and traumatic events. We conclude that while spirituality is not a one-size-fits all method to mitigate the impact of trauma, exploration of potential interventions that also include spirituality might be beneficial for the field at large, and those affected by myriads of different acute or chronic traumatic events.
Technology and Continuous Glucose Monitoring Access, Literacy, and Use Among Patients at the Diabetes Center of an Inner-City Safety-Net Hospital: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Sabben Gaëlle , Telfort Courtney , Morales Marissa , Zhang Wenjia Stella , Espinoza Juan C , Pasquel Francisco J , Winskell Kate
Published: October 2024

Background

Despite the existence of an increasing array of digital technologies and tools for diabetes management, there are disparities in access to and uptake and use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices, particularly for those most at risk of poor diabetes outcomes.

Objective

This study aims to assess communication technology and CGM access, literacy, and use among patients receiving treatment for diabetes at an inner-city safety-net hospital.

Methods

A survey on digital technology ownership and use was self-administered by 75 adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes at the diabetes clinic of Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. In-depth interviews were conducted with 16% (12/75) of these patient participants and 6 health care providers (HCPs) to obtain additional insights into the use of communication technology and CGM to support diabetes self-management.

Results

Most participants were African American (66/75, 88%), over half (39/75, 52%) were unemployed or working part time, and 29% (22/75) had no health insurance coverage, while 61% (46/75) had federal coverage. Smartphone ownership and use were near universal; texting and email use were common (63/75, 84% in both cases). Ownership and use of tablets and computers and use and daily use of various forms of media were more prevalent among younger participants and those with type 1 diabetes, who also rated them as easier to use. Technology use specifically for diabetes and health management was low. Participants were supportive of a potential smartphone app for diabetes management, with a high interest in such an app helping them track blood sugar levels and communicate with their care teams. Younger participants showed higher levels of interest, perceived value, and self-efficacy for using an app with these capabilities. History of CGM use was reported by 56% (42/75) of the participants, although half (20/42, 48%) had discontinued use, above all due to the cost of the device and issues with its adhesive. Nonuse was primarily due to not being offered CGM by their HCP. Reasons given for continued use included convenience, improved blood glucose control, and better tracking of blood glucose. The in-depth interviews (n=18) revealed high levels of satisfaction with CGM by users and supported the survey findings regarding reasons for continued use. They also highlighted the value of CGM data to enhance communication between patients and HCPs.

Conclusions

Smartphone ownership was near universal among patients receiving care at an inner-city hospital. Alongside the need to address barriers to CGM access and continued use, there is an opportunity to leverage increased access to communication technology in combination with CGM to improve diabetes outcomes among underresourced populations.
The Dual Nature of AI in Information Dissemination: Ethical Considerations (Preprint)
Authors: Germani Federico , Spitale Giovanni , Biller-Andorno Nikola
Published: October 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Infodemics pose significant dangers to public health and to the societal fabric, as the spread of misinformation can have far-reaching consequences. While artificial intelligence (AI) systems have the potential to craft compelling and valuable information campaigns with positive repercussions for public health and democracy, concerns have arisen regarding the potential use of AI systems to generate convincing disinformation. The consequences of this dual nature of AI, capable of both illuminating and obscuring the information landscape, are complex and multifaceted. We contend that the rapid integration of AI into society demands a comprehensive understanding of its ethical implications and the development of strategies to harness its potential for the greater good while mitigating harm. Thus, in this paper we explore the ethical dimensions of AI’s role in information dissemination and impact on public health, arguing that potential strategies to deal with AI and disinformation encompass generating regulated and transparent data sets used to train AI models, regulating content outputs, and promoting information literacy.
Auricular Therapy to Control Pain in Women With Breast Cancer: Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Ruela Ludmila Oliveira , Moura Caroline de Castro , Shieu Bianca , Cho Yu-Min , Yeh Chao Hsing , Pimentel Franklin Fernandes , Stefanello Juliana
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

The increased incidence of breast cancer implies the appearance of frequent symptoms associated with disease and treatments, such as pain. For the management of this issue, auricular therapy has been used in a complementary manner, especially for its safety and analgesic action.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review aims to summarize available evidence on the effects of auricular therapy on pain in women undergoing breast cancer treatment.

METHODS

This is a systematic review that includes randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of auricular therapy on pain in women with breast cancer, as compared with other interventions (sham or placebo auricular therapy, other nonpharmacological interventions, and routine pain treatments) during the treatment of the disease. Pain, whether induced or not by cancer treatments, is the main outcome to be evaluated. The search for the studies was performed in the following databases: MEDLINE through PubMed, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, VHL, TCIM Americas Network, CNKI, and Wanfang Data. The reviewers have independently evaluated the full texts, and in the near future, they will extract the data and assess the risk of bias in the included studies. The certainty of the evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE), and a meta-analysis will be carried out to evaluate the intervention, considering the homogeneity of the results, using the Cochran Q test and quantified by the Higgins inconsistency index. The guidelines of the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) have been respected in the elaboration of this protocol.

RESULTS

The records screening stage has been completed, and the synthesis and meta-analysis were conducted in February 2024. We hope to have finished the preparation of the paper for publication by September 2024. Review reporting will follow standard guidelines for reporting systematic reviews. The results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.

CONCLUSIONS

This review will compile the strength of evidence for the use of auricular therapy in the management of pain in women with breast cancer during the treatment of the disease, identifying gaps in the available evidence as well as assisting health professionals in indicating the intervention for clinical practice.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO CRD42022382433; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=382433

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/55792
Effectiveness of mHealth program on blood pressure among prehypertensive young adults: Protocol of a Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Sheilini Melita , Hande H Manjunatha , Ravishankar Nagaraja , M J Akshay , Nayak Jyothi , Chandrababu Ramesh
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of prehypertension may be underreported because of its asymptomatic nature. The study will use a pragmatic mHealth application for delivering the intervention, which is expected to be well-received by the young population.

OBJECTIVE

The study aims to assess the prevalence of prehypertension among young adults and evaluate the effectiveness of a mHealth intervention in enhancing adherence to lifestyle practices, knowledge on prehypertension and hypertension, and blood pressure among participants in the experimental and control groups.

METHODS

The study will be conducted in two phases. Phase I will employ a cross-sectional survey design, and Phase II will include a pragmatic randomized controlled trial with cluster randomization.The protocol was prepared according to the SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) 2013 checklist. The CONSORT 2017 guideline was followed in reporting the protocol. The estimated sample size for Phase I is 762, and the sample size for the Phase II is 85 per group. Both the control and experimental groups will receive education on prehypertension and hypertension, with the experimental group additionally receiving a mHealth app. The experimental group’s adherence to lifestyle practices will be monitored every 15 days, and reminder messages will be sent to non-responders. Both groups will be followed up onsite at 1, 3, and 6 months to assess their knowledge on prehypertension and hypertension, blood pressure, and lifestyle practices.

RESULTS

The primary outcome of the study will be an improvement in blood pressure readings. The secondary outcomes will include adherence to lifestyle practices and knowledge on prehypertension and hypertension. The study is ongoing, and as of July 2024, Phase I is completed with the data collected from 762 sample from 8 randomly selected colleges from Udupi district. Currently, phase 2 is in process. The data will be analyzed using Jamovi 2.3.21.

CONCLUSIONS

Identifying high-risk groups of young adults with prehypertension enables early interventions to prevent future hypertension and related organ damage. The study will contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3, which focuses on ensuring good health and well-being.

CLINICALTRIAL

CTRI/2023/04/051784
Generative LLM Powered Conversational AI Application for Personalized Risk Assessment: A Case Study in COVID-19 (Preprint)
Authors: Roshani Mohammad Amin , Zhou Xiangyu , Qiang Yao , Suresh Srinivasan , Hicks Steve , Sethuraman Usha , Zhu Dongxiao
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities in natural language tasks and are increasingly being integrated into healthcare for tasks like disease risk assessment. Traditional machine learning methods rely on structured data and coding, limiting their flexibility in dynamic clinical environments. This work presents a novel approach to disease risk assessment using generative LLMs via conversational AI, eliminating the need for programming.

OBJECTIVE

This study explores the use of pre-trained generative LLMs, including LLaMA2-7b and Flan-T5-xl, to assess COVID-19 severity in real time. The goal is to compare their performance with traditional classifiers, such as Logistic Regression, XGBoost, and Random Forest, which are trained on structured tabular data.

METHODS

We fine-tuned LLMs using few-shot natural language examples from a dataset of 393 pediatric patients, developing a mobile application that integrates these models to provide real-time, no-code COVID-19 severity risk assessment through clinician-patient interaction. The LLMs were compared with traditional classifiers across different experimental settings, using Area Under the Curve (AUC) as the primary evaluation metric. Feature importance derived from LLM attention layers was also analyzed to enhance interpretability.

RESULTS

Generative LLMs consistently outperformed traditional machine learning models, particularly in low-data settings. In zero-shot scenarios, the T0-3b model achieved an AUC of 0.75, whereas traditional classifiers like Logistic Regression and XGBoost lagged behind, with AUCs of 0.57 and 0.50, respectively. LLMs maintained their lead even as the number of training examples increased, outperforming traditional models up to 32-shot settings. For instance, the Flan-T5-xl model achieved an AUC of 0.70 in 32-shot experiments, further highlighting the LLMs' effectiveness in few-shot learning scenarios. Moreover, the mobile application provided real-time COVID-19 severity assessments and personalized insights through attention-based feature importance, adding value to the clinical interpretation of the results.

CONCLUSIONS

Generative LLMs provide a robust alternative to traditional classifiers, particularly in scenarios with limited labeled data. Their ability to handle unstructured inputs and deliver personalized, real-time assessments without coding makes them highly adaptable to clinical settings. This study underscores the potential of LLM-powered conversational AI in healthcare and encourages further exploration of its use for real-time disease risk assessment and decision-making support.
The Triage and Diagnostic Accuracy of Frontier Large Language Models: Updated Comparison to Physician Performance (Preprint)
Authors: Sorich Michael Joseph , Mangoni Arduino Aleksander , Bacchi Stephen , Menz Bradley Douglas , Hopkins Ashley Mark
Published: October 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

—
The Role of Generative AI Tools in Case-Based Learning and Teaching Evaluation of Medical Biochemistry (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Li Liang , Pan Kejian , Wang Lan , Zuo Luo , Sun Yiran , Peng Quekun
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

With the continuous progress and development of the medical field, medical biochemistry, as an important basic course in medical education, has an increasingly large and complex knowledge system. The traditional teaching mode is often difficult to meet students' in-depth understanding of knowledge and individualized learning needs. Students may feel confused and overwhelmed when facing a large number of biochemical concepts, chemical reactions, molecular structures and other contents.

OBJECTIVE

Generative AI tools are expected to be a powerful assistant in course teaching, while such tools are still rarely applied in biochemistry courses. This study attempts to investigate the important contribution of AI tools to students' knowledge expansion and teaching evaluation in medical biochemistry CBL teaching through a comparative study.

METHODS

In this study, we assessed the important role of AI tools in assisting students' CBL learning by analyzing the specific learning performances of students in the control group (N=40) and the experimental group (N=39) in CBL learning. We also compared and analyzed the data on the evaluation scores of students' work by teachers and AI tools at the same time in an attempt to identify whether AI tools can replace teachers' comprehensive evaluation. In addition, a questionnaire was used to investigate the positive and negative impacts of AI tools on case study to identify whether the AI tool can be used as an important adjunct to medical biochemistry classroom teaching.

RESULTS

The results of the study showed that AI tools in the experimental group significantly shorten the time students spend on assignments in case study and assist students to obtain higher scores in quizzes (P<0.05). In addition, the questionnaire data showed no significant difference between the AI evaluation and the instructor's evaluation scores (P>0.05), but the group using the AI tool scored higher than the control group (P<0.05). And while the majority of students (M=8.5) agreed with the idea that AI tools can provide basic information retrieval and knowledge expansion, more students (M=4.2) also believed that AI tools have flaws in answering complex and logical questions. In addition, students (M=7.17) generally have concerns that the use of AI tools reduces the communication between teachers and students and the tools have limitations in offering innovative and creative knowledge (M=5.5). As a result, such tools are not a complete replacement for existing digital resources and can lead to homogenized learning (M=8.12).

CONCLUSIONS

GAI tools as “smart teaching assistants” can significantly improve students' learning efficiency in medical biochemistry CBL learning and result in better performance (assignments and exam scores).
UNA FORMA DE RELEER A ADAM SMITH
Authors: Valle Baeza Alejandro
Published: October 2024

RESUMEN
Las relecturas que motivan este ensayo son el objeto de la economía política y la medida del valor. Releer a Adam Smith siempre nos lleva a encontrar algo nuevo en la medida que avancemos en alguno de los temas que trata. Mostraré que frecuentemente se vulgariza a Smith en el sentido que le dio Marx al término de economía vulgar: un cuerpo teórico donde la propaganda domina sobre la búsqueda de la verdad. El proceso de vulgarización de la obra de Smith empezó con Walras y continúa hoy en los think tanks que lo presentan como un adalid del mercado omnipotente. El tema de la medición del valor ha seguido dos rutas, una marxista y otra ricardiana. Nuestro análisis muestra las diferencias enormes que hay entre ambas. El planteamiento de Smith es más ricardiano que marxista, aunque se distingue de ambos por su interés práctico. Esto lo ilustramos con una sugerencia del escocés que se ha visto realizada.
 
A WAY TO REREAD ADAM SMITH
ABSTRACT
Revisiting Adam Smith always leads us to find something new as we advance in some of the topics addressed. Here motivations to revisit Smith are twofold, the object of Political Economy and the problem of the measure of value. Smith is often vulgarized in Marx's sense of the term vulgar economics: a body of theory where propaganda dominates over the search for truth. The process of vulgarization of his work began with Walras and continues today with the think tanks that present him as a champion of the omnipotent market. On the other hand, the subject of the measurement of value has followed two routes, one that I call Marxist, and the other Ricardian. The analysis here presented seeks to show the enormous differences between the two. Smith’s approach would be more Ricardian than Marxist, although it differs from both by its practical interest. An example is given to illustrate the practical relevance of the great Scotsman’s argument.
CAREER AND FAMILY. WOMEN´S CENTURY-LONG JOURNEY TOWARD EQUITY, CLAUDIA GOLDIN
Authors: Ortega Valdez María Fernanda
Published: October 2024

En una extensa lista dominada por hombres, Claudia Goldin resultó laureada con el Premio Nobel de Economía de 2023. Goldin es la tercera mujer que recibe este prestigioso premio, la primera fue Elinor Ostrom en 2009, reconocida por su análisis de los bienes comunes, y la segunda fue Esther Duflo en 2019, cuyos aportes se centraron en el estudio de la pobreza. Esta reciente distinción nos permite evidenciar, entender y visibilizar: 1) la contribución académica de las mujeres economistas; Goldin representa a las mujeres investigadoras y académicas que han sido poco reconocidas en el campo de la historia económica; 2) la importancia de la historia y la estadística descriptiva para la generación de conocimiento y el entendimiento de las dinámicas y políticas económicas frente a metodologías cuantitativas dominantes en la teoría económica, y 3) la situación de las mujeres en el mercado laboral actual que permite comprender sus desigualdades e inequidades...
ADAM SMITH ON THE PROCESS OF CIVILIZATION AND THE ROLE OF COUNTERFACTUAL REASONING
Authors: Knell Mark , Kurz Heinz D.
Published: October 2024

This paper examines Adam Smith’s use of counterfactual reasoning in his analysis of the “process of civilization” and its implications for modern economics. Smith, influenced by Isaac Newton, Robert Simson, Francis Hutcheson, and David Hume, employed counterfactual reasoning to critique the Mercantile System by comparing actual economic developments with the “natural course of events.” His physiocratic bias limited his engagement with emerging industrial advancements, yet his methodological contributions remain significant. Smith’s focus on “what if?” questions in policy discussions continues to shape modern economic thought, despite some limitations in fully realizing his theoretical framework.
Pengaruh Kepuasan dan Sarana Fisik Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan
Authors: Romadhon Nuri , Muslikhati Muslikhati , Amalia Rahmi
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze whether the variables of satisfaction and physical facilities affect customer loyalty at the Basmalah store in Malang. This study uses associative quantitative methods with Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis techniques with the help of SmartPLS 4.0 software. The sampling technique used in this research is Accidental Sampling which is part of non-probability sampling. The research data used primary data in the form of questionnaires which were distributed in places with a total sample of 96. The results showed that satisfaction and physical facilities had a positive and significant influence on customer loyalty.
Strategi Pemasaran Dalam Meningkatkan Jumlah Pengunjung Pada Agrowisata Kampung Coklat Blitar
Authors: Lubbabah Amelatul , Hakim Arif Luqman , Aprilianto Fitrian
Published: October 2024

This study aims to analyze the marketing mix marketing strategy used by Kampung Coklat to increase the number of visitors. This research uses a qualitative type of research using a Case Study approach. The data used is in the form of primary and secondary data. The primary data collection method is carried out using observation, interview, and documentation methods, while the secondary data is in the form of books, journals, literature related to the number of visitors in Kampung Coklat. This study uses the technical validity of the triangulation model data. The results showed that in increasing the number of visitors, Kampung Coklat used the 7P marketing mix model marketing strategy or service marketing strategy. The most influential elements in increasing the number of visitors in Kampung Coklat are product, promotion, and physical evidence.
Synthetic and Natural Polymers Enhancing Drug Delivery and Their Treatment: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Saini Lakshit , Dubey Anshita , Pal Rahul , Pandey Prachi , Mandal Raj Kumar
Published: October 2024

Polymers, both synthetic and natural, play a critical role in modern drug delivery systems by enhancing the efficacy, targeting, and release profiles of therapeutic agents. This comprehensive review delves into the various types of synthetic polymers such as poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), as well as natural polymers like chitosan, alginate, and gelatin. These polymers are explored for their potential to improve solubility, bioavailability, and controlled release of drugs. Moreover, their application in targeted drug delivery, particularly for cancer, cardiovascular, and inflammatory diseases, is highlighted. The review also compares the advantages and limitations of synthetic versus natural polymers, discussing their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and regulatory considerations. Advances in polymer-based drug delivery platforms such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, and micelles are also examined, offering insights into future directions in personalized medicine. The highlights of provide in the review article, initially basics of drug delivery, polymer, polymerization with role of polymer in polymerization.  At intermediate, classification, sources of polymer with that some advanced approached in drug delivery and lastly, marketed, recent available products with future challenges and current status in the drug delivery.
Keywords: Biodegradable polymer; natural; compatible; drug delivery; treatment; enhancing; polymers.
Evaluation of the protective effect of Nigella sativa oil’s unsaponifiable fraction in carbon tetrachloride-kidney damage model
Authors: Guergouri Fatima Zohra , Sobhi Widad
Published: October 2024

Background/Aim: Kidney diseases is a global public health problem. This study was conducted to evaluate the renoprotective effect of the total oil’s unsaponifiable fraction (UF) of a medicinal plant called Nigella sativa. 
Methods: The extraction of unsaponifiables from the total seed oil of the medicinal plant Nigella sativa was carried out according to the standardized methods of the European Pharmacopoeia (Edition 5.0). Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is known to induce kidney toxicity. Acute poisoning of Male albino rats with 1:1 (v/v) mixture of CCl4 and olive oil (3 ml/Kg b.w. of rat by subcutaneous injection) induces considerable kidney pain.
Results: Nigella sativa UF is found to be rich in tocopherols, its administration as a curative or preventive treatment to poisoned animals results in a very significant reduction in renal markers (CREA, URE). Histological study shows that kidneys are in better condition than those of intoxicated rats.  
Conclusion: Measurable biological evidence has been given to the use of such extract as effective substance against kidney diseases.
Keywords: CCl4, Renoprotective activity, Nigella sativa, total oil, Unsaponifiable fraction
Huntington's Disease: Pathogenesis, Therapies, and Emerging Technologies
Authors: Moazzen Amir , Çağlar Emre Şefik , Cevher Erdal
Published: October 2024

Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder that is primarily manifested by motor, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms due to an expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene. Currently, most of the therapeutic strategies in HD are largely centered on the pharmacological management of the symptoms. These treatments are linked to some disadvantages such as being partially effective, having adverse effects, and their inability to alter the natural course of the disease. Recent developments in HD research are exploring the use of novel pharmacological agents, nanoparticles, cell therapies, gene therapies, and RNA-based therapies, which have shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies. This literature review explores various aspects of HD, from its pathogenesis and etiology to emerging novel approaches for its treatment.
Keywords: Huntington's Disease, HTT Gene, Nanotechnology, Neurodegeneration, Emerging Therapies, Mutant Huntingtin Protein
Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Healing Properties of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam) Pers of the Togolese Flora
Authors: Gbati Luckman , Djeri Bouraima , Awili Tètouwalla , Antena Manawa , Gbati Mohanmed-Awal , MELILA Mamatchi , Diallo Aboudoulatif , Karou Damintoti Simplice
Published: October 2024

Natural herbal remedies have always been important in the management of skin disorders and the treatment of skin infections due to limited access to pharmaceuticals and the affordable cost of herbal products. K. Pinnata is a plant used as a medicinal herb by almost all traditional medicines in tropical Africa. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the antioxidant and healing properties of K. pinnata (Lam) pers extract from Togolese flora. The hydroethanol extract of K. pinnata (Lam) pers was subjected to in vitro antioxidant activity screening models, such as molybdate reduction, iron reduction assay (FRAP) and DPPH radical scavenging assay. A 1.5 cm diameter excision wound model was also used to assess the plant's healing activity. Wistar rats were treated after excision by topical application of vaseline, vaseline supplemented with 3% (EHKP 3%) and 10% (EHKP 10%) hydroethanol extract of K. pinnata (Lam) pers leaves, sulfadiazine (reference), or no treatment (negative control). Total antioxidant activity by the molybdate reduction method was 0.12 ± 0.01 µg EAA/mg EL, while the iron reduction assay (FRAP) showed an antioxidant capacity of 4.21 ± 0.04 mol Eq FeS04/ g extract and 10.17 ± 0.03 mol Eq FeS04/ g extract respectively for extract concentrations of 100 µg/ml and 200 µg/ml. In addition, the extract showed a dose-dependent ability to trap the DPPH radical. Results showed a significant reduction in wound surface area in animals treated with 10% EHKP. The hydroxyproline assay showed a significant difference in collagen production in animals treated with 10% EHKP, compared with the control group (P < 0.001) and the vaseline group (P < 0.01) on the last day. Histological analysis showed rapid re-epithelialization in animals treated with the extracts.
Keywords: K. pinnata, Antioxidant activity, Healing activity, Hydroxyproline
Advances in Mucoadhesive drug Delivery System: Enhancing Efficacy and Patient Compliance
Authors: Patil Kiran H. , Mobin Salman A.
Published: October 2024

The goal of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems (MDDS) is to improve drug delivery effectiveness by adhering to the body's mucosal tissues. The material used in this approach adheres to mucosal surfaces, including those in the mouth, gastrointestinal system, nasal passages, and vaginal walls. The most important goal is to extend the medication's residence duration at the absorption site in order to improve drug absorption and provide a more regulated and prolonged release. Mucoadhesion refers to the adhesion between two materials, one of which is biological, through interfacial forces over an extended period. This characteristic provides an effective solution to challenges in traditional drug delivery systems, such as avoiding first-pass metabolism and facilitating localized delivery of biomolecules, including proteins, peptides, and oligonucleotides. It holds significant promise for delivering compounds via routes like ocular, nasal, vaginal, and buccal administration This study addresses the introduction, benefits, drawbacks, mechanisms, and theories of mucoadhesion in addition to polymer categorization, mucoadhesive dosage forms, assessment, and factors affecting mucoadhesion and several kinds of mucoadhesive dosage forms.
 Keywords:  Mucoadhesion, Theories, Mucoadhesive Dosage Form, bio adhesion
In vitro Cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity and GC-MS profiling of bioactive compounds in Bauhinia racemosa Lam.
Authors: Yadav Ankit , Vaidya Meenakshi
Published: October 2024

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a common treatment for chronic pain and inflammation. While NSAIDs have been shown to reduce inflammation and pain associated with them, they have an array of side effects. Researchers investigated the COX inhibitory action of NSAIDs. They revealed that there are two distinct COX enzymes: COX-1 and COX2. Developing COX inhibitors has remained critical for producing innovative and safe anti-inflammatory drugs. Bauhinia racemosa Lam belonging to the family Fabaceae has a wide range of medicinal properties. The plant is used to treat various diseases in traditional medicine, but there is less knowledge based on clinical efficacy as an anti-inflammatory agent. In the present study Bauhinia racemosa Lam hydroalcoholic extract were screened for COX inhibition and GC-MS analysis was done to screen phytochemicals. The results obtained were found to inhibit 89% of COX activity significantly as compared to standard drug (Diclofenac sodium). GC-MS analysis revealed a total of ten potent bioactive compounds. The samples were identified by comparing retention time and peak area to literature and interpreting mass spectra. Results observed from the study suggest that the hydroalcoholic extract of Bauhinia racemosa Lam possess anti-inflammatory activity and can be utilized as an alternate source for NSAIDs.
Keywords: COX, Bauhinia racemosa Lam, Anti-inflammatory, NSAIDs.
Concept of Dementia and its Management in Unani System of Medicine: A Review
Authors: Tariq Anam , Khizar Niyazi Abdullah , Salman Md , Fatima Safia , Nayab Mohd , Ansari Abdul Nasir
Published: October 2024

Dementia, derived from Latin meaning “without mind,” is a significant global health concern and the seventh leading cause of death, characterized by the progressive deterioration of cognitive functions, including memory, thinking, and behaviour. As the global population ages, dementia's prevalence is anticipated to rise dramatically, with an estimated 50 million cases currently worldwide, projected to reach 152 million by 2050. The two primary causes are Alzheimer's disease and vascular disorders. In the Unani system of medicine, dementia, referred to as Nisyān, is attributed to the dysfunction of three internal faculties: imagination (Qüwwate Khayal), thought (Qüwwate Fikr), and memory (Qirwwate Zikr), influenced by factors such as abnormal temperament (Sü' Mizāj) and disruptions in structural integrity. Clinical features vary, with early signs including short-term memory loss and disorientation. The condition can be classified into primary (degenerative) and secondary (acquired) dementias. Risk factors include age, family history, and lifestyle choices. Treatment principles in Unani medicine focus on addressing the underlying causes, correcting brain temperament, evacuating morbid matter, and employing dietary, regimental, and pharmacotherapeutic approaches. This holistic framework underscores the importance of traditional medical systems in understanding and managing dementia, advocating for a comprehensive approach to treatment that encompasses both modern and traditional practices.
Keywords: unani system of medicine, Dementia, cognitive decline, Dietotherapy, su’Mizaj
Un Módulo Integrado de Interfaz Humano-Computadora Basada en Gestos
Authors: Rodríguez Copa Graciela , Castro Silvia , Guerrero Roberto
Published: October 2024

Interactuar con la tecnolog´ıa de forma human´ıstica ya no se limita a las pel´ıculas futuristas o a los centros de investigaci´on de alto nivel. Cada vez es m´as habitual que la tecnolog´ıa incorpore el reconocimiento facial, de voz, de gestos y de objetos, ofreciendo a los usuarios diversas formas de interactuar. En particular, los movimientos corporales registrados por sensoreso t´ecnicas de visi´on por ordenador forman parte de un campo predominante de la inform´atica que suele denominarse Interfaz Natural de Usuario (INU). El reconocimiento de gestos es el proceso por el cual los gestos realizados por un usuario se dan a conocer al sistema. Con el paso del tiempo, se han desarrollado diversas aplicaciones con m´ultiples soluciones. Sin embargo,a´un no existe una metodolog´ıa predefinida que permita a los investigadores estandarizar sus sistemas de interfaz natural de usuario, independientemente de la aplicaci´on y el dispositivo de seguimiento utilizados.En este art´ıculo, presentamos una arquitectura unificada dise˜nada para la creaci´on de sistemas INU.Esta arquitectura se centra en un conjunto compartido de gestos de la mano y/o el brazo, y est´a pensada para servir a una amplia gama de prop´ositos generales.Por ´ultimo, se presentan dos prototipos a modo de prueba de concepto que demuestran la viabilidad y las ventajas de la arquitectura INU propuesta.
Estudio Comparativo entre Algoritmos Particionados aplicado en un Modelo de Espacio Vectorial
Authors: Spositto Osvaldo Mario , Bossero Julio César , Ledesma Viviana Alejandra , Matteo Lorena Romina , Quevedo Juan Sebastián
Published: October 2024

El presente trabajo de investigación realiza un análisis comparativo entre dos técnicas de agrupamiento no supervisado con enfoque particional: K-Means y una extensión de este conocido como K-Means++.
El objetivo de estas técnicas consiste en particionar un conjunto de n observaciones en k grupos o clústeres, donde cada observación pertenece al grupo con el centroide más cercano.
Esta comparación se centra en medir la efectividad de la calidad del agrupamiento y su impacto en el rendimiento de estos algoritmos.
Para poder realizar este trabajo, se desarrolló una aplicación en lenguaje C# que permite, configurando diferentes parámetros, generar un modelo de espacio vectorial, que se representa mediante la construcción de matrices de diferentes dimensiones. Estas matrices representan la relación entre términos y documentos, donde cada posición de la matriz (i,j) representa la frecuencia con la que el término j aparece en el documento i.
Para determinar el número óptimo de clústeres (k) en un conjunto de datos, se utilizó el algoritmo del codo (Elbow Method). El método del codo evalúa la suma de las distancias cuadradas dentro del clúster en función del número de clústeres.
La evaluación comparativa entre los métodos se realizó empleando la métrica del coeficiente de silueta (Silhouette).
El uso de un modelo genérico de agrupamiento particional y la estimación de distintos parámetros de inicialización son algunos de los aportes más significativos de esta investigación. Los experimentos se realizan sobre una base de un sistema de recuperación de documentos.
Los resultados indican que ambos algoritmos tienen coeficientes positivos, lo que sugiere una correcta agrupación de los objetos. El método K-Means++ obtuvo un mejor coeficiente para este lote de prueba.
Características clínicas de la linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica en un hospital universitario de tercer nivel en Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Terán-Ibarra Francisco S. , Moreno-Arciniegas Ana M. , Tuta-Quintero Eduardo , Enciso-Olivera Leonardo José , Martin-Arsanios Daniel , Calderón-Vargas Carlos M. , Forero Yenifer , Bastidas-Goyes Alirio Rodrigo
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Analizar las características clínicas de los pacientes diagnosticados con linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica (HLH) en un hospital universitario de Bogotá, Colombia, durante el período comprendido entre 2012 y 2022. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo en pacientes con sospecha de síndrome hemofagocítico, a quienes se les realizó una biopsia de médula ósea, y se aplicaron retrospectivamente los criterios HLH-2004 y el HScore for Reactive Hemophagocytic Syndrome. Resultados: Se identificaron 21 pacientes con diagnóstico de HLH La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 42 años (DE = 16.68) y el 71.4% (15/21) eran hombres.  La fiebre se presentó en el 85,7 % (18/21), seguido de la pérdida de peso no voluntaria se presentó en el 81% (17/21) y diaforesis nocturna en el 57,1 % (12/21). La infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) se presentó en el 57 % (12/21) de la población de estudio. Los pacientes fallecidos tuvieron una carga viral de 556.320,4 copias (DE: 558.295,12) frente a 128.9124,6 copias (DE: 1440545,81) en los pacientes que sobrevivieron.  Conclusión: La mayoría de los pacientes diagnosticados con HLH presentaron infección por VIH como el principal desencadenante, además de estar asociados con infecciones oportunistas virales, como citomegalovirus y virus de Epstein-Barr.
Análisis de sobrevida en Pediatría por COVID-19 en Colombia
Authors: Pinilla Gacharná Diana Liceth , Rojas Hernández Juan Pablo , Lambraño Barrera Rafael , Pacheco Robinson , Mesa Monsalve Juan Gonzalo , Díaz Díaz Alejandro , Gutiérrez Tobar Iván Felipe , Hoyos Orrego Álvaro Darío , Garcés Samudio Carlos Guillermo , Vinasco Sánchez Luis Gabriel , López Cubillos Juan Francisco , Araque Muñoz Paula Andrea , Mejía Rivera Luis Fernando , Calle Giraldo Juan Pablo , López Medina Eduardo , Sarmiento Wilches Patrick Eliana , Sosa Ávila Luis Miguel , Jaramillo Jaramillo Catalina , Chaucanez Bastidas Yamile , Mendoza Rosado Laura , Londoño Ruiz Juan Pablo , Beltrán Arroyave Claudia Patricia , Ortiz Marín Diana Cristina , Hernández Moreno Derly Carolina
Published: October 2024

Introducción: La mortalidad asociada al SARS-CoV-2 en la población pediátrica aún es poco conocida. Esto se debe a que los niños suelen presentar síntomas leves o incluso pueden ser asintomáticos, lo que dificulta la identificación y el seguimiento de los casos graves que puedan llevar a la muerte. Así mismo, la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en la población pediátrica se comporta de manera diferente a como lo hace en los adultos. Esta falta de conocimiento es particularmente preocupante en países de ingresos medios y bajos como Colombia, en donde los sistemas de salud pueden no tener la infraestructura necesaria para recopilar y analizar datos de manera efectiva. Objetivo: Describir la supervivencia por infección por SARS CoV-2/ COVID-19 en población pediátrica diagnosticada en instituciones de salud de atención pediátrica colombianas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo longitudinal con datos retrospectivos en pacientes menores de 17 años que consultaron en 23 instituciones de salud de Colombia entre enero de 2020 y diciembre 2020. Tamaño de la muestra: 23 pacientes. Resultados: Se registraron 23 casos de pacientes fallecidos por COVID-19 en la población pediátrica en Colombia. La mortalidad fue del 1,9%. El 60,9% de los pacientes fueron menores de 5 años. %, el 56,5% de sexo femenino, el 60,8% de los pacientes presentaban una condición clínica de base asociada y de estos  el 17,4% presentaba malnutrición. El uso de antibióticos en casos de coinfección bacteriana se asoció con mayor supervivencia, mientras que el Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria (SDR) aguda y las convulsiones se relacionaron con una menor supervivencia con respecto al desenlace final. Conclusión: La mortalidad por COVID-19 en esta población fue del 1,9%, con una mayor prevalencia en pacientes de sexo femenino menores de 5 años con condición clínica de base asociada, principalmente estado de malnutrición. El síntoma cardinal de presentación fue la dificultad respiratoria y el 100% de los pacientes requirió soporte de oxígeno. El uso de antibióticos en casos de coinfección bacteriana se relacionó con mayor sobrevida, mientras que el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda y las convulsiones contribuyeron a menor tiempo de supervivencia. La variable edad también fue significativa, encontrando mayor riesgo de  llegar al desenlace final en menor tiempo en los pacientes menores de 5 años.
Consenso de expertos sobre las recomendaciones de profilaxis con palivizumab para el Virus Sincitial Respiratorio en niños en Colombia
Authors: Galvis Clara Esperanza , Troncoso Gloria , Agudelo-Pérez Sergio , Romero Héctor , Parra Buitrago Andrea , Gutiérrez Iván Felipe
Published: October 2024

La infección por virus sincitial respiratorio constituye una significativa carga de morbilidad y mortalidad en niños de alto riesgo. La profilaxis con palivizumab es considera la principal estrategia para prevenir las infecciones graves en este grupo poblacional. Con el objetivo de establecer recomendaciones para su uso en Colombia, se llevó a cabo un consenso de expertos siguiendo un proceso basado en las recomendaciones de la National Institutes of Health (NIH). En este proceso participó un panel de seis expertos, quienes revisaron estudios que incluyeron revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis, ensayos clínicos controlados, estudios observacionales y guías clínicas, enfocados en niños menores de dos años tratados con palivizumab. La evaluación de la calidad de la evidencia y la formulación de recomendaciones se realizaron siguiendo las metodologías propuestas por el Centro de Medicina Basada en la Evidencia de Oxford y el sistema GRADE. Se desarrollaron recomendaciones para la profilaxis con palivizumab en subgrupos de pacientes de alto riesgo, incluyendo neonatos prematuros, prematuros moderados-tardíos, pacientes con displasia broncopulmonar, fibrosis quística, síndrome de Down y trastornos innatos de la inmunidad. Este proceso permitió generar recomendaciones clínicamente relevantes y fundamentadas en la evidencia, con el propósito de mejorar la práctica clínica en el país.
Cardiac tamponade in severe dengue: A case report
Authors: Baquero-Tabares Laura , Toro Diana María , Tello-Cajiao María Elena , Medina Jhony Alexander , Revelo Jorge
Published: October 2024

Dengue infection is characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Cardiac involvement may include arrhythmias, myocarditis, or pericardial effusion, which in some cases may be asymptomatic, but can also be fatal. We describe the case of a 45-year-old woman with severe dengue infection. She presented with hypotension refractory to fluid therapy requiring vasopressor support without improvement in vital signs. Decreased voltage on electrocardiographic tracing, enlarge cardiac silhouette in chest radiograph, and point-of-care ultrasound confirmed the presence of cardiac tamponade. Ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis was performed with subsequent correction of clinical parameters. High clinical suspicion and early recognition of this infrequent but important presentation allowed a good outcome in our case.
Health Management of Remote Workers Using Tele-Exercise During The COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan
Authors: Oda Tetsuaki , Oda Chikako , Furui Yuji , Kanegae Yumi
Published: October 2024

Health management is increasingly recognized as a vital business resource aimed at enhancing employee well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced lifestyle habits, underscoring the need for effective health management strategies tailored to thechanging work environment. This study aims to explore the impact of tele-exercise interventions on remote workers group (G1). Itcompares the effects of tele-exercise with those of traditional face-to-face exercise group (G2). Over three months, G1 engaged in a 30-minute weekly exercise program tailored for remote execution, while G2 participated in traditional, in-person sessions. The analysis includedANOVA to assess the differences over time between G1 and G2, Correlation Analysis to examine the relationships among the measuredvariables within each group, and Correspondence Analysis to explore the association patterns between the groups' responses and thevariables of interest. The ANOVA revealed a significant difference in Daily Stress (DS) levels between G1 and G2, with G1 showing higherDS levels. Correlation analysis indicated a strong negative relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Sleep Quality (SQ) in G1, and astrong positive relationship between DS and Satisfaction of Life (SL). Correspondence Analysis showed that that G1 was encompassed in ajob and life satisfaction area, and G2 was encompassed in a sleep and stress for weight control area. This study concluded that both groupsinitially experienced weight gains and increased sleep duration due to remote work. Daily Stress was found to be significantly higher in G1than in G2, possibly due to the isolation of tele-exercise. Correlation analyses highlighted the influence of time on relationship between BMIand SQ, and DS and SL. The study emphasizes stress management and good sleep quality in remote work, with exercise interventionspromoting well-being and productivity.