bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of the energy expenditure, sources, and loss of water among young adults
Authors: Zhang Na , He Hairong , Zhang Jianfen , Ma Guansheng
Published: May 2022

Background

Few studies on measuring human energy expenditure with the doubly labeled water method has been conducted in China. The sources and loss of water among human body have never been systematically evaluated. Less data can be available for the development of the recommendation on energy expenditure and water intake. The objective of this study was to determine the energy expenditure, water sources, and loss among young adults.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 25 participants were recruited. Double-labeled water was used to determine their energy expenditure. Water loss through skin evaporation and respiration of the lungs and water sources from metabolic water were calculated using corresponding formula, respectively. Water loss through excretion of urine was recorded and evaluated using “3-day, 24-h, real-time urine excretion record” method. All urine samples were collected and weighed in the 3 days. Water loss through excretion of feces was evaluated using “3-day, 24-h, real-time fecal-excretion record” method. All fecal samples were collected and tested by the direct drying method. Water sources from fluid intake were recorded by “7-day, 24-h, real-time fluid intake record” method. Water intake from food was calculated and tested by the weighing method combined with the duplicate portion method and the direct drying method in the 3 days.

Results

The energy expenditure of males was 2187 kcal/d, and that of females was 1987 kcal/d. The median fluid intake, water intake from food, and metabolic water were 887, 1173 and 246 mL, respectively, which accounted for 38.8%, 50.3%, and 11.2% of total water sources. There was a gender difference in the percentage of metabolic water (Z = − 2.135, P = 0.033). The water loss through urine excretion, skin evaporation, respiration, and feces excretion was 1295, 172, 149 and 64 mL, respectively, which accounted for 76.5%, 10.3%, 9.5%, and 3.6% of the total water losses. Gender differences in the amount of water loss through respiration and skin evaporation were found (Z = − 4.125, P < 0.001; Z = − 3.723, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Energy expenditure of male was higher than that of female. The first major water sources was water intake from food in this study, and the first major water loss was urine excretion.

Trial registration The study was registered on the website of Chinese clinical trial registry, and the code of identification is ChiCTR1900028746.
Knowledge attitudes and practice of breastmilk expression and storage among working mothers with infants under six months of age in Kenya
Authors: Edemba Priscillah Wanini , Irimu Grace , Musoke Rachel
Published: May 2022

Background

Expression and storage of breastmilk is a strategy that ensures continued breast milk consumption in the event of temporary separation of an infant from the mother. However, many studies show that working mothers are unable to exclusively breastfeed for six months successfully. Working mothers are forced to wean early because of minimal support at the workplace, lack of knowledge on breast milk expression and lack of storage facilities. The 2017 Kenya Health Act mandates employers to provide lactation rooms for facilitation of breast milk expression in support of the lactating mother. This study analyses the knowledge attitude and practice of breast milk expression among working women in Kenya.

Methods

This was a cross sectional study done between December 2018 and February 2019. Study participants were 395 working women with infants aged six months and below, attending well baby clinics in two large public hospitals in Nairobi Kenya. A structured questionnaire with open and closed ended questions was used to establish the knowledge and practice while a Likert scale was used to explore attitudes of the mothers towards expression and storage of breast milk.

Results

Overall satisfactory knowledge on breast milk expression and storage was attained by only 34% of working mothers. Eighty four percent positively agreed that expression and storage of breast milk would help them achieve six months of exclusive breastfeeding. Challenges experienced were breast pain and cumbersome nature of expressing milk. Only 41% (161) were expressing breast milk either regularly or occasionally. The most common reason (24.7%) for expressing milk was to enable someone else feed the baby when they were at work. Most mothers (77%) expressed at home as the workplace did not seem to provide adequate equipment to facilitate breastmilk expression and storage.

Conclusions

There is a substantial knowledge gap on expression and storage of breast milk. Working mothers have a good attitude towards attainment of exclusive breast milk feeding through expression of breast milk. The workplace does not have adequate facilities to support expression and storage of breast milk.
New neurons in old brains: implications of age in the analysis of neurogenesis in post-mortem tissue
Authors: Terstege Dylan J. , Addo-Osafo Kwaku , Campbell Teskey G. , Epp Jonathan R.
Published: May 2022

Adult neurogenesis, the proliferation and integration of newly generated neurons, has been observed in the adult mammalian hippocampus of many species. Numerous studies have also found adult neurogenesis in the human hippocampus, but several recent high-profile studies have suggested that this process is considerably reduced in humans, occurring in children but not in adults. In comparison, rodent studies also show age-related decline but a greater degree of proliferation of new neurons in adult animals. These differences may represent biological species differences or could alternatively be explained by methodological differences in tissue handling and fixation. Here, we examine whether differences in the post-mortem interval between death and tissue fixation might impact subsequent detection of adult neurogenesis due to increased tissue degradation. Because there are fewer new neurons present in older subjects to begin with we hypothesized that, subject age might interact significantly with post-mortem interval in the detection of adult neurogenesis. We analyzed neurogenesis in the hippocampus of rats that were either perfusion-fixed or the brains extracted and immersion-fixed at various post-mortem intervals. We observed an interaction between animal age and the time delay between death and tissue fixation. While similar levels of neurogenesis were observed in young rats regardless of fixation, older rats had significantly fewer labeled neurons when fixation was not immediate. Furthermore, the morphological detail of the labeled neurons was significantly reduced in the delayed fixation conditions at all ages. This study highlights critical concerns that must be considered when using post-mortem tissue to quantify adult neurogenesis.
miR-600 promotes ovarian cancer cells stemness, proliferation and metastasis via targeting KLF9
Authors: Shan Lili , Song Pingping , Zhao Yangyang , An Na , Xia Yanqiu , Qi Yue , Zhao Hongyan , Ge Jing
Published: May 2022

Previous studies have revealed that miRNAs participate in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer; however, whether miR-600 is also involved remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigated the role of miR-600 in ovarian cancer progression. Here, miR-600 expression was significantly upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues and stem cells. Functional studies showed that miR-600 promoted ovarian cancer cell stemness, proliferation and metastasis. Mechanistic studies revealed that Kruppel like factor 9 (KLF9) was indicated as the target of miR-600. The luciferase reporter assay suggested that miR-600 directly bound to the 3′-untranslated region of KLF9. Additionally, miR-600 expression was negatively associated with KLF9 expression in human ovarian cancer tissues. Si-KLF9 partially abolished the discrepancy of self-renewal, growth and metastasis capacity between miR-600 knockdown ovarian cancer cells and control cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that miR-600 promotes ovarian cancer cell stemness, proliferation and metastasis via directly downregulating KLF9, and impairing miR-600 levels may be a new treatment strategy for ovarian cancer in the future.
Direct conversion of cellulose to l-lactic acid by a novel thermophilic Caldicellulosiruptor strain
Authors: Svetlitchnyi Vitali A. , Svetlichnaya Tatiana P. , Falkenhan Doris A. , Swinnen Steve , Knopp Daniela , Läufer Albrecht
Published: May 2022

Background

Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) of lignocellulosic biomass to l-lactic acid using thermophilic cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic bacteria provides a promising solution for efficient lignocellulose conversion without the need for additional cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic enzymes. Most studies on the mesophilic and thermophilic CBP of lignocellulose to lactic acid concentrate on cultivation of non-cellulolytic mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria at temperatures of 30–55 °C with external addition of cellulases/hemicellulases for saccharification of substrates.

Results

l-Lactic acid was generated by fermenting microcrystalline cellulose or lignocellulosic substrates with a novel thermophilic anaerobic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor sp. DIB 104C without adding externally produced cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic enzymes. Selection of this novel bacterium strain for lactic acid production is described as well as the adaptive evolution towards increasing the l-lactic acid concentration from 6 to 70 g/l on microcrystalline cellulose. The evolved strains grown on microcrystalline cellulose show a maximum lactic acid production rate of 1.0 g/l*h and a lactic acid ratio in the total organic fermentation products of 96 wt%. The enantiomeric purity of the l-lactic acid generated is 99.4%. In addition, the lactic acid production by these strains on several other types of cellulose and lignocellulosic feedstocks is also reported.

Conclusions

The evolved strains originating from Caldicellulosiruptor sp. DIB 104C were capable of producing unexpectedly large amounts of l-lactic acid from microcrystalline cellulose in fermenters. These strains produce l-lactic acid also from lignocellulosic feedstocks and thus represent an ideal starting point for development of a highly integrated commercial l-lactic acid production process from such feedstocks.
The pyruvate decarboxylase activity of IpdC is a limitation for isobutanol production by Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Shu Lin , Gu Jinjie , Wang Qinghui , Sun Shaoqi , Cui Youtian , Fell Jason , Mak Wai Shun , Siegel Justin B. , Shi Jiping , Lye Gary J. , Baganz Frank , Hao Jian
Published: May 2022

Background

Klebsiella pneumoniae contains an endogenous isobutanol synthesis pathway. The ipdC gene annotated as an indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase (Kp-IpdC), was identified to catalyze the formation of isobutyraldehyde from 2-ketoisovalerate.

Results

Compared with 2-ketoisovalerate decarboxylase from Lactococcus lactis (KivD), a decarboxylase commonly used in artificial isobutanol synthesis pathways, Kp-IpdC has an 2.8-fold lower Km for 2-ketoisovalerate, leading to higher isobutanol production without induction. However, expression of ipdC by IPTG induction resulted in a low isobutanol titer. In vitro enzymatic reactions showed that Kp-IpdC exhibits promiscuous pyruvate decarboxylase activity, which adversely consume the available pyruvate precursor for isobutanol synthesis. To address this, we have engineered Kp-IpdC to reduce pyruvate decarboxylase activity. From computational modeling, we identified 10 amino acid residues surrounding the active site for mutagenesis. Ten designs consisting of eight single-point mutants and two double-point mutants were selected for exploration. Mutants L546W and T290L that showed only 5.1% and 22.1% of catalytic efficiency on pyruvate compared to Kp-IpdC, were then expressed in K. pneumoniae for in vivo testing. Isobutanol production by K. pneumoniae T290L was 25% higher than that of the control strain, and a final titer of 5.5 g/L isobutanol was obtained with a substrate conversion ratio of 0.16 mol/mol glucose.

Conclusions

This research provides a new way to improve the efficiency of the biological route of isobutanol production.
Injuries in alpine summer sports - types, frequency and prevention: a systematic review
Authors: Bigdon Sebastian Frederick , Hecht Verena , Fairhurst Paul Gilbert , Deml Moritz C. , Exadaktylos Aristomenis K. , Albers Christoph E.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Summer alpine sports, including mountain biking, hiking and airborne pursuits, have experienced a recent surge in popularity. Accordingly, trauma associated with these activities has increased. There is a scarcity of literature exploring clinical aspects surrounding injuries. Specifically, no single article provides a general overview, as individual studies tend to focus on one particular sport. In the present study, we performed a systematic literature review to summarize existing knowledge and explore the potential for prevention and clinical decision making in this group.

Method

Literature searches were performed using the PubMed and Scopus database for the most commonly ventured sports associated with injury: mountain biking, climbing, airborne sports, paragliding, and base jumping. From this search, studies were identified for qualitative and quantitative analyses. These searches were done according to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. Studies were then analyzed regarding epidemiology of injuries, relevant anatomical considerations and prevention strategies were discussed.

Results

A broad spectrum of injury sites and mechanisms are seen in mountain biking, climbing or airborne sports. Mountain biking related injuries commonly involve the upper extremity, with fractures of the clavicle being the most common injury, followed by fractures of the hand and wrist. Scaphoid fractures remain of paramount importance in a differential diagnosis, given their often subtle clinical and radiological appearance. Paragliding, skydiving, and base jumping particularly affect transition areas of the spine, such as the thoracolumbar and the spinopelvic regions. Lower limb injuries were seen in equal frequency to spinal injuries. Regarding relative risk, mountain biking has the lowest risk for injuries, followed by climbing and airborne sports. Male alpinists are reported to be more susceptible to injuries than female alpinists. Generally, the literature surrounding hiking and water-related mountain sports is insufficient, and further work is required to elucidate injury mechanisms and effective preventative measures. A helmet seems to decrease the likelihood of face and head injuries in mountain sports and be a meaningful preventive measurement.
Diversity of epiphytic bacterial communities on male and female Porphyra haitanensis
Authors: Yang Zhibo , Chen Jun , Shang Shuai , Wang Jing , Xue Song , Tang Xuexi , Xiao Hui
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To study the structure of the epiphytic bacterial community of the male and female Porphyra haitanensis, in order to explore the similarities and differences of epiphytic bacterial community structure between dioecious macroalgae.

Methods

Collection of male and female Porphyra haitanensis from the intertidal zone of Niushan Island, Fujian, China. Epiphytic bacteria were collected and studied, and the community composition and diversity of epiphytic bacteria were explored using high-throughput sequencing technology.

Results

There was no significant difference between male and female Porphyra haitanensis on α-diversity and β-diversity. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the core microbiota in male and female Porphyra haitanensis. Bacteria from the Maribacter (male 14.87%, female 1.66%) and the Tenacibaculum (male 1.44%, female 25.78%) were the most indicative epiphytic bacterial taxa on male and female Porphyra haitanensis.

Conclusions

Sex differences have some influence on the construction of epiphytic bacterial communities in Porphyra haitanensis, but they are not the decisive factors affecting the construction of epiphytic bacterial communities in Porphyra haitanensis.
Stand development stages and recruitment patterns influence fine-scale spatial genetic structure in two Patagonian Nothofagus species
Authors: Sola Georgina , Marchelli Paula , Gallo Leonardo , Chauchard Luis , El Mujtar Verónica
Published: May 2022

Key message

Nothofagus alpina (Poepp. et Endl.) Oerst. and Nothofagus obliqua (Mirb.) Oerst forests have strong fine-scale spatial genetic structures. The intensity of genetic structure patterns differed according to species, stand development stages, life stages, and spatial arrangement of regeneration groups. This data becomes useful for forest management as it provides an understanding of how populations evolve as well as of the consequences of disturbances and enables the establishment of sampling strategies.

Context

The understanding of fine-scale spatial genetic structure in natural populations is useful for forest management. Although Nothofagus alpina (Poepp. et Endl.) Oerst. and N. obliqua (Mirb.) are important species of the Patagonian forest, little is known about the genetic structure of their populations.

Aims

The main objectives were to investigate the differences in fine-scale spatial genetic structure among mature tree populations of both species considering two stands at different development stages. Genetic structure was also evaluated among life stages and spatial distribution groups of regeneration within the old-growth stand.

Methods

Genetic structure was examined by microsatellite DNA analysis of regeneration and mature tree populations of both species (around 1300 individuals). Gene dispersal distance was additionally estimated.

Results

In both stands and species, strong fine-scale spatial genetic structure and short dispersal distance were found. This pattern was stronger in the early successional forest, in N. obliqua populations, in earlier life stages, and in scattered regeneration.

Conclusion

Stand development stages and recruitment patterns influence the fine-scale spatial genetic structure of both Nothofagus species. However, the genetic structure also differs between species.
Empirical Equation for Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Concrete Developed Using Bottom Ash Aggregates
Authors: Lee Hye-Jin , Kim Sanghee , Kim Hak-Young , Mun Ju-Hyun , Yang Keun-Hyeok
Published: May 2022

The mechanical properties of lightweight aggregate concrete developed with the use of bottom ash aggregate (LWAC-BA) as a partial or full replacement of lightweight aggregate differ from those of general lightweight concrete made using natural fine and/or coarse aggregates. The mechanical properties of LWAC-BA are difficult to predict using the existing equations proposed by codes or researchers. Therefore, in this study, empirical equations using nonlinear regression analysis are proposed to predict the mechanical properties of lightweight concrete mixed with bottom ash aggregate, based on the collected measured values from other studies (Yang "Development of replacement technology for ready mixed concrete with bottom ash aggregates", 2020; Kim et al. Appl Sci, 10: e8016, 2020; Constr Build Mater 273: e121998, 2021). The collected data include density, compressive strength, elastic modulus, modulus of rupture, splitting tensile strength, and stress–strain relation of LWAC-BA featuring varying amounts of bottom ash fine aggregate and/or coarse aggregate. The proposed empirical equations for each mechanical characteristic are developed considering the replacement volume of bottom ash fine/coarse aggregates. The mean values of the ratios of the measured to predicted values obtained using the proposed equation range from 1.00 to 1.05, with a standard deviation ranging from 0.002 to 0.013, indicating a reasonably positive agreement.
Abnormal shadow contrast imaging for optimal objective lens condition in transmission electron microscope
Authors: Kwon Yong-Eun , Han Cheolsu , Lee Sang-Chul , Jeung Jong-Man , Lee Gaehang , Lee Tae-Yeoung , Kim Jin-Gyu
Published: May 2022

Background

In a transmission electron microscope (TEM), the objective lens (OL) is the most important component because the first image and diffraction pattern for a specimen are formed by applying a specific OL current and specimen height (SH). In TEM, the focal length of the OL should be controlled independently of the specimen position. Therefore, the initial conditions for OL should be determined by selecting the optimum imaging condition of the specimen based on the OL current and the specimen position. We would like to present a method for finding the optimal imaging condition for OL that can be applied to conventional or low-resolution TEM where high-resolution (HR) imaging is impossible.

Findings

We conducted an abnormal contrast imaging experiment using Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). Abnormal contrast imaging was obtained by artificially controlling the mechanical alignment of OL P/Ps. Abnormal contrasts (shadow contrasts) of AuNPs were observed in all images obtained for various SH and OL currents. It was confirmed that these shadow contrasts of AuNPs result from the parasitic aberration caused by imperfect mechanical alignment of the OL P/Ps. From the quantitative analysis of the images, it was found that the effects of parasitic aberration in the TEM images decreased as SH approached the optimal position in the OL P/P.

Conclusion

We examined the relationship of SH and OL current using the abnormal contrast imaging technique. The standard OL current and optimal SH were determined with OL condition minimizing the shadow contrast of images. The experimentally determined optimal SH at standard OL current in our specially designed OL system differed from that of the well-known asymmetry OL system. Therefore, it is essential to examine the optimum conditions from a practical perspective. Consequently, our abnormal contrast imaging method, which can be analyzed even in conventional imaging without HR-TEM performance, can help optimize the OL conditions during the manufacturing stage of the TEM instrument.
Measuring gun violence in police data sources: transitioning to NIBRS
Authors: Parker Susan T.
Published: May 2022

Background

The majority of gun violence in the United States does not result in physical injury and therefore cannot be completely measured using hospital data. To measure the full scope of gun violence, the nation’s crime reporting systems that collect police reports of crimes committed with a firearm are vital. However, crime data reporting conventions may underestimate gun violence in the U.S. This paper compares crime data sources to assess underestimation of gun violence.

Findings

The Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Summary Reporting System (SRS) and National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) measures of gun violence were compared in 2019 for states comprehensively reporting data to both systems. Gun violence is underestimated in the SRS compared to NIBRS. Within the sample, 18.8% more aggravated assaults with a firearm are recorded and 2.1% more robberies with a firearm are recorded in NIBRS. The proportion of assaults and robberies committed with a firearm measured in both sources did not differ. If the additional gun violence events recorded in the NIBRS sample are consistent with national crime reporting, the number of additional gun violence events per year captured using NIBRS totals approximately 65,071 additional events, or an additional 178 gun violence events per day. Of the additional gun violence events, approximately 31% are due to omitted crime categories, with the remaining variation driven mostly by aggravated assaults with a firearm.

Conclusions

Police data are important data sources for estimating the full scope of gun violence. Comparisons between police data sources suggest that the proportion of crimes committed with a firearm is unchanged. Due to crime reporting conventions, however, the number of gun violence events may be substantially understated. Despite advantages in measuring gun violence, agency participation in NIBRS is alarmingly low and jeopardizes accurate and reliable national crime data.
Postpartum dysgalactia syndrome in sows: effects on behavior of sows and piglets
Authors: Kaiser Marianne , Herskin Mette S. , Jacobsen Stine , Andersen Pia H. , Nielsen Mai Britt Friis , Bækbo Poul , Jacobson Magdalena
Published: May 2022

Background

To investigate if specific sow and piglet behavioral characteristics could be used diagnostically, this case-cohort study of the behavior of sows and piglets during the periparturient period (from 24 h before the birth of first piglet to 24 h after the birth of last piglet) was conducted. Data included 32 sows diagnosed with PDS (PDS+) vs. 37 healthy matched controls (PDS−) and their litters.

Results

A significant change from active behavior with many postural changes to a more passive behavior was noted in connection with parturition. Sow nesting behavior was less frequent in PDS+ sows compared to PDS− sows during (p = 0.04) and after parturition (p = 0.0004). No difference was found between PDS+ and PDS− in the number of postural changes, interval from last time standing to the birth of the first piglet, interval from last time eating/drinking to the birth of the first piglet, interval from the birth of the first piglet to the sow standing after farrowing, interval from the birth of the last piglet until eating/drinking, occurrence of bar biting, or frequency or duration of eating/drinking during the observation period. Piglets of PDS+ sows stayed outside the creep areas more often than piglets of PDS− sows (p < 0.0001), but there was no difference in the mean number of piglets observed massaging the udder every 10 min.

Conclusion

These results confirm that sow behavior changes from active before parturition to more passive after parturition. Being diagnosed with PDS affected the periparturient behavior of sows as well as their piglets. The observed reduction in nesting behavior in PDS+ sows may suggest that a highly motivated piglet-oriented behavior was affected. However, classical sickness behaviors like lethargy and passivity seem to be poor markers for PDS.
The tie that binds? A comparison of ethnicity-based party ties among emigrated and resident citizens
Authors: Himmelroos Staffan , Vento Isak
Published: May 2022

Recent decades have seen a trend toward enfranchising emigrated citizens in home country elections. Political parties have also become increasingly interested in connecting with emigrant voters. That said, we still know little of what voters think of the parties in the home country and how party preferences may change because of migration. On the one hand, research shows that the experience of migration and the context of the host country have a significant impact on the political behavior of migrants. On the other hand, party ties are known to be resistant to change. In this paper, we study how what is generally assumed to be the strongest of party ties, namely ties to an ethnic party, is affected by migration. Utilizing two highly comparable surveys of resident and non-resident citizens, we study how identifying with an ethnic minority party among Finland-Swedes in Finland, where they constitute a linguistic minority, compares with emigrated Finland-Swedes in Sweden, where they speak the majority language. We find that party ties, even with an ethnic party, tend to be weaker for emigrated citizens. However, the difference is relatively small and only materializes after an extended stay abroad.
A critical survey of technologies of large offshore wind farm integration: summary, advances, and perspectives
Authors: Yang Bo , Liu Bingqiang , Zhou Hongyu , Wang Jingbo , Yao Wei , Wu Shaocong , Shu Hongchun , Ren Yaxing
Published: May 2022

Offshore wind farms (OWFs) have received widespread attention for their abundant unexploited wind energy potential and convenient locations conditions. They are rapidly developing towards having large capacity and being located further away from shore. It is thus necessary to explore effective power transmission technologies to connect large OWFs to onshore grids. At present, three types of power transmission technologies have been proposed for large OWF integration. They are: high voltage alternating current (HVAC) transmission, high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission, and low-frequency alternating current (LFAC) or fractional frequency alternating current transmission. This work undertakes a comprehensive review of grid connection technologies for large OWF integration. Compared with previous reviews, a more exhaustive summary is provided to elaborate HVAC, LFAC, and five HVDC topologies, consisting of line-commutated converter HVDC, voltage source converter HVDC, hybrid-HVDC, diode rectifier-based HVDC, and all DC transmission systems. The fault ride-through technologies of the grid connection schemes are also presented in detail to provide research references and guidelines for researchers. In addition, a comprehensive evaluation of the seven grid connection technologies for large OWFs is proposed based on eight specific indicators. Finally, eight conclusions and six perspectives are outlined for future research in integrating large OWFs.
Review of vortex methods for rotor aerodynamics and wake dynamics
Authors: Lee H. , Sengupta B. , Araghizadeh M. S. , Myong R. S.
Published: May 2022

Electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft with multiple lifting rotors or prop-rotors have received significant attention in recent years due to their great potential for next-generation urban air mobility (UAM). Numerical models have been developed and validated as predictive tools to analyze rotor aerodynamics and wake dynamics. Among various numerical approaches, the vortex method is one of the most suitable because it can provide accurate solutions with an affordable computational cost and can represent vorticity fields downstream without numerical dissipation error. This paper presents a brief review of the progress of vortex methods, along with their principles, advantages, and shortcomings. Applications of the vortex methods for modeling the rotor aerodynamics and wake dynamics are also described. However, the vortex methods suffer from the problem that it cannot deal with the nonlinear aerodynamic characteristics associated with the viscous effects and the flow behaviors in the post-stall regime. To overcome the intrinsic drawbacks of the vortex methods, recent progress in a numerical method proposed by the authors is introduced, and model validation against experimental data is discussed in detail. The validation works show that nonlinear vortex lattice method (NVLM) coupled with vortex particle method (VPM) can predict the unsteady aerodynamic forces and complex evolution of the rotor wake.
Introduction to this special section: Engineering geophysics
Authors: Grobbe Niels , Tosti Fabio
Published: May 2022

In the context of our growing population, new paradigms are required for, e.g., the monitoring and management of infrastructure and buildings and the use of the subsurface and its resources. Increasing energy demands entail continuous improvement of imaging techniques to better understand subsurface resources and to maximize production in an environmentally safe manner. Climate change, in combination with rapid population growth, puts increasing pressure on freshwater resources, groundwater systems, and urban living environments. Many subdisciplines and areas within geophysics, including engineering geophysics, are increasingly involved in tackling these global challenges.
An airborne micro-TEM and physics deep learning solution to near-surface corrections in sand-covered areas
Authors: Colombo Daniele , Türkoğlu Ersan , Sandoval-Curiel Ernesto
Published: May 2022

Sand-covered areas, such as desert environments, pose challenges to seismic imaging for resource exploration and monitoring. Aeolian sand dunes provide extreme variations of elastic parameters causing, among other effects, nonlinear velocity gradients proportional to compaction. Description and correction for sand velocities is typically performed through empirically derived sand curve functions. Shallow drilling with uphole traveltime measurements represents another established technique for characterizing the thickness of the sand layer. This defines a basal depositional surface across the investigated area to apply the sand correction for seismic processing operations. The accurate definition of the unconformable base of sand is crucial for the application of robust near-surface corrections. An airborne transient electromagnetic solution is proposed, where the acquisition instrumentation, acquisition parameters, and inversion strategies are tuned to the ultra-shallow depth of the target (2–20 m). The data inversion component makes extensive use of a recently introduced physics-driven DL inversion scheme. It enables boosted depth resolution in the resistivity model using all of the available data while achieving an acceptable data misfit to honor the propagation of the electromagnetic radiation. The imaged resistivity boundary provides an excellent match to the existing uphole data and indicates the presence of long-wavelength mismatch from the previously interpreted base of sand.
Fast and efficient void detection in carbonates by combined ERT and borehole data: A case study from Chania Airport in Greece
Authors: Economou Nikos , Kritikakis George , Manoutsoglou Emmanouil , Vafidis Antonis
Published: May 2022

A typical approach for karstic carbonate risk assessment is to utilize integrated geophysical research and calibrate the data with either pre- or postmeasurement acquisition borehole information. Here, we present a case study of a time-demanding investigation on the detection of subsurface areas prone to new building foundation stability at a site rich in karstic structures belonging to the Trypali Unit (Triassic-Jurassic). During excavation and construction to expand the airport in Chania, Crete, Greece, a large karstic void was revealed, which triggered an alert that led to an immediate work stoppage and the demand for an investigation of the subsurface of the whole area. The scope was to detect weak zones or voids larger than 0.5 m with a fast and timely approach because the costs of a long project stop are high. To meet the time demands with an efficient approach, we utilized the electrical resistivity tomography method, which guided a fast postacquisition borehole program and was supplemented by in-borehole video recordings, aiding in the direct detection of karstic structures. The 3D inversion of the electrical data provided electrical resistivity tomography images of the subsurface, which characterized the area as highly karstified and fractured and detected voids with sizes ranging from 0.5 to 6 m.
A field experiment of a temperature-tolerant distributed acoustic sensor in deep geothermal reservoir prospecting
Authors: Kasahara Junzo , Hasada Yoko , Kuzume Haruyasu , Ohnuma Hiroshi , Mikada Hitoshi , Fujise Yoshihiro
Published: May 2022

Seismic exploration technologies with distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) are investigated to acquire seismic waves in high-temperature environments and locate supercritical geothermal reservoirs deeper than the brittle-ductile transition boundary in Japan. We conducted a seismic reflection survey in the Mori-Nigorikawa geothermal field in the Nigorikawa caldera basin. An optical fiber system and an array of geophones were installed to 2100 m depth in F-01, a little-deviated high-temperature geothermal production well, and along a road for about 1.2 km on the surface. Numerous reflectors appear to gather at a depth between 2000 and 3000 m, corresponding to the production zone of the well. Although the production zone is located mainly within the Nigorikawa volcanic conduit estimated in the past geothermal analysis, the reflectors are also distributed outside the conduit. The DAS waveforms show distinct traveltime discontinuity at 1060 m depth. Our traveltime tomography and forward-simulated synthetic DAS waveforms could indicate the existence of a water layer 250 m long and 50 m thick at 1060 m depth. The Mori Geothermal Power Plant reinjects wastewater at this depth through a reducing well. The use of high-temperature-tolerant fiber enables the deployment of seismic sensors much closer to the deep target and may investigate effective fluid circulation through production and reducing wells.
Multidimensional EMD with marginal Hilbert-Huang spectrum applications for engineering geophysics — Technical tutorial and field example
Authors: Chen Chih-Sung , Jeng Yih
Published: May 2022

Spectral analysis is vital in solving various engineering problems. Conventional methods like fast Fourier transform and wavelet transform are effective, but they have difficulties dealing with the nonlinear and nonstationary data frequently encountered in engineering geophysics. A newer methodology, Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), has been developed as a remedy. In this article, a systematic review and technical tutorial on the evolving advanced data processing method, multimarginal HHT spectral analysis, which is derived from HHT, will be the main theme. A field example to indicate the possible application to engineering geophysics follows. Basic but important issues related to conventional methods are also discussed.
Electronic Health Interventions for Patients With Breast Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Singleton Anna C. , Raeside Rebecca , Hyun Karice K. , Partridge Stephanie R. , Di Tanna Gian Luca , Hafiz Nashid , Tu Qiang , Tat-Ko Justin , Sum Stephanie Che Mun , Sherman Kerry A. , Elder Elisabeth , Redfern Julie
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE

Ongoing supportive care using electronic health (eHealth) interventions has the potential to provide remote support and improve health outcomes for patients with breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of eHealth interventions on patient-reported outcomes (quality of life [QOL], self-efficacy, and mental or physical health) for patients during and after breast cancer treatment and patient-reported experience measures (acceptability and engagement).

METHODS

Systematic review with meta-analyses (random-effects model) of randomized controlled trials was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Nine databases were searched using a prespecified search strategy. Patient-directed eHealth interventions for adult patients during or after active breast cancer treatment measuring QOL, self-efficacy, and mental (depressive, anxiety, and distress symptoms) or physical (physical activity, nutrition, and fatigue) health outcomes were included. Data from eligible full-text articles were independently extracted by six observers.

RESULTS

Thirty-two unique studies (4,790 patients) were included. All were health self-management interventions, and most were multicomponent (videos, forums, and electronic reminder systems) websites. Meta-analyses revealed a significant effect of eHealth interventions on QOL (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.20 [95% CI, 0.03 to 0.36]), self-efficacy (SMD, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.24 to 0.65]), distress (SMD, –0.41 [95% CI,–0.63 to –0.20]), and fatigue (SMD, –0.37 [95% CI, –0.61 to –0.13]). Twenty-five studies (78.1%) measured patient-reported experience measures. Acceptability (n = 9) was high, with high ratings for satisfaction (range, 71%-100%), usefulness (range, 71%-95%), and ease-of-use (range, 73%-92%). Engagement (n = 25) decreased over time, but disease-focused information and interactive support were most engaging.

CONCLUSION

eHealth interventions may provide an acceptable and effective strategy for improving QOL, distress, self-efficacy, and fatigue among patients with breast cancer.
CZYNNIKI KSZTAŁTUJĄCE LOJALNOŚĆ KLIENTÓW NA PRZYKŁADZIE DROGERII
Authors: Aksamit Olga , Bogalecka Daria , Krygier Jessica , Piaścik Eliza
Published: May 2022

Dynamiczne zmiany na rynkach, które zdeterminowane są m.in. przez przemiany społeczno-gospodarcze, czy też nieustanny rozwój technologii, stawiają współczesnym firmom wiele wyzwań. Kluczowym zadaniem firm jest nie tylko pozyskanie klienta, ale również jego utrzymanie oraz budowanie jego lojalności.

W pierwszej części artykułu zaprezentowano problematykę utraty klientów, zdefiniowano lojalność klientów oraz kształtujące ją czynniki. Kolejna część zawiera interpretację wyników pozyskanych podczas przeprowadzonego badania. Celem wspomnianego badania była identyfikacja kluczowych czynników decydujących o lojalności klientów indywidualnych (na przykładzie wybranych drogerii, działających stacjonarnie na terenie Polski). Hipoteza badawcza zakładała, iż kluczowe w budowaniu lojalności klientów są zachęty materialne i przesłanki racjonalne.
Jak filozofia może stać się bardziej powszechna i użyteczna dla dobra ludu?
Authors: Herder Johann Gottfried , Michalski Rafał
Published: May 2022

Przekład i opracowanie:

Rafał Michalski,

Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu

E-mail: Rafal.Michalski@umk.pl

ORCID: 0000-0002-9587-5074
Dasein jako „Oswajanie”. Komplementarna alternatywa translatorska
Authors: Hoły-Łuczaj Magdalena
Published: May 2022

W artykule proponuję przekład pojęcia Dasein w filozofii Martina Heideggera jako „Oswajania”. Takie rozwiązanie oparte jest o semantykę swoistości, która odgrywa wiodącą rolę w Heideggerowskiej koncepcji bycia. Nawiązując do klasycznych i nowszych przekładów, pokazuję, że „Oswajanie” – wraz z jego późniejszym wariantem, „O-swajeniem” (Da-sein) – uwypukla napięcie między nierozporządzalnością bycia przez człowieka i ich wzajemną bliskością. W tym znaczeniu może stanowić komplementarną, nieliteralną alternatywę dla istniejących przekładów w języku polskim.
Scheduling Vehicles with Spatial Conflicts
Authors: Kloster Oddvar , Mannino Carlo , Riise Atle , Schittekat Patrick
Published: May 2022

When scheduling the movement of individual vehicles on a traffic network, one must ensure that they never get too close to one another. This is normally modelled by segmenting the network and forbidding two vehicles to occupy the same segment at the same time. This approximation is often insufficient or too restraining. This study develops and systematises the use of conflict regions to model spatial proximity constraints. By extending the classical disjunctive programming approach to job-shop scheduling problems, we demonstrate how conflict regions can be exploited to efficiently schedule the collective movements of a set of vehicles, in this case aircraft moving on an airport ground network. We also show how conflict regions can be used in the short-term control of vehicle speeds to avoid collisions and deadlocks. The overall approach was implemented in a software system for air traffic management at airports and successfully evaluated for scheduling and guiding airplanes during an extensive human in the loop simulation exercise for the Budapest airport. Through simulations, we also provide numerical results to assess the computational efficiency of our scheduling algorithm.
Platelet-rich plasma: how safe is it, and can it cause irreversible blindness?
Authors: McGloin Claudia
Published: May 2022

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is not a new treatment. It has been around for a long time, but it is still very much misunderstood and there are many unanswered questions about it. It is known that it is autologous, meaning that it comes from the patient's own body, and, therefore, allergic reactions cannot occur to one's own blood and the body will not reject it. Despite this, questions still remain around whether it is completely safe. There are several articles that briefly touch on the safety of PRP, but they do not delve into the topic deep enough. As clinicians already know from other medical aesthetic procedures, none are 100% safe and they all come with potential risks and complications. Therefore, it is worth asking whether PRP is any different.

In this article, the author discusses PRP from a safety perspective and dissects three clinical papers that highlight that there have been six reported cases of blindness from this treatment.
Dynamic muscle discord in the context of non-surgical lip enhancement
Authors: Rhobaye Dean
Published: May 2022

Dynamic muscle discord (DMD) is a fundamental concept in facial soft tissue augmentation with dermal fillers, particularly in perioral rejuvenation and lip enhancement. It is frequently observed in patients with facial skeletal and soft tissue deficiencies. The lack of adequate structural support may result in compensatory muscle hypertonicity or confer a mechanical advantage in certain muscle groups over their antagonistic counterparts. This discord in activity between the various muscle groups can affect the posture and profile of mobile facial features both at rest and during facial expression. Unfortunately, despite being a condition that commonly presents to varying degrees in patients seeking lip enhancement, DMD is often poorly diagnosed and undertreated. The author describes the causes, consequences and treatment of this condition in relation to the perioral region, as illustrated by a case study discussion.
RESEARCH ROUNDUP
Authors: McGloin Claudia
Published: May 2022

In this regular feature, aesthetic nurse Claudia McGloin presents a brief synopsis of a range of recently published articles on medical aesthetics. Research roundup aims to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary and critique, of the papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided at the end of each study summary
An exciting year for medical aesthetics
Authors: Feliz Lisa
Published: May 2022

Lisa Feliz provides this issue's update from the British Association of Cosmetic Nurses and discusses the updated professional duty of candour guidance from the Nursing and Midwifery Council and General Medical Council
Ethnomedicinal uses, Pharmacological and Phytochemical Studies of Bambusa arundinaceae Retz (A Review)
Authors: Nazreen Syed
Published: May 2022

Medicinal plants are a source of different types of natural products which are used in different illness. Bambusa arundinacea, commonly known as Bamboo belongs to family Poaceae (Gramineae). In folk medicine, it has been utilized for various inflammatory disorder, strangury, wounds, piles, dislodgement of worms, cirrhosis, hard tumour and diabetes mellitus. This plant possess antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antiglycation, laxative, antifertility, antihelmintic, insecticidal, antiarthritic and neuroprotective activities. B. arundinacea extract has also been utilized in the synthesis of nanoparticles which have enhanced the biological activities such as anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial and antiglycation. The phytochemical analysis of this plant has afforded important classes of natural products such as terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, phenols and glycosides, etc. These natural products have been reported for various pharmacological activities which may be responsible for the different biological activities of this plant. Although, this plant has not been explored much scientifically, very few reports are available on this plant. However, this plant is gaining interest in nanomedicine field as the nanoparticles synthesized using this plant extract have shown enhancement in antidiabetic, anticancer and antimicrobial activities. The present review article will help the readers to explore more on this plant in various filed of nanotechnology, biotechnology and phytochemistry as it contains promising bioactive molecules. Moreover, some phytoconstituents especially flavonoids may be used for semisynthetic modification for development of lead molecules.