bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychometric properties and validation of the metacognitive self-assessment scale (MSAS) in a Turkish sample
Authors: Yılmazer Eda , Hamamcı Zeynep , Türk Fulya
Published: December 2024

Objective

Metacognition, a multifaceted psychological construct, encompasses recognising and explaining one’s cognitive processes and those of others. Notably, deficits in metacognitive abilities are linked with diminished social performance, reduced quality of life, and increased severity of Personality Disorders (PD). While there are other assessment tools available in Turkish for evaluating metacognition, none offer the same combination of speed, simplicity, flexibility, and multidimensionality for screening metacognitive abilities as the Metacognition Self-Assessment Scale (MSAS).The Metacognitive Self-Assessment Scale (MSAS) was designed to evaluate various metacognitive functions—namely, Monitoring, Integration, Differentiation, and Disintegration—as described by the Metacognitive Multifunction Model. This study aims to translate and validate the MSAS for Turkish culture.

Method

To check the factor structure’s suitability for the Turkish population, 467 non-clinical participants (67.7% female, ranged from 18 to 31, mean 24.18; ±3.25) were included.

Results

Initial analyses confirm that the scale is a valid and dependable instrument for Turkish culture. Construct validity, represented by the 18 items and four subscales, was confirmed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and criterion validity assessments. As well as the test–retest reliability of the scale was confirmed. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the scale is valid and reliable for use in Turkey. The model aligns well with empirical data, highlighting its strong construct validity and indicating good reliability of the scale.

Conclusion

The Turkish version of the MSAS, developed to measure metacognition and its associated components, has proven to be a credible and reliable tool, especially in non-clinical settings.
The impact of college students’ parent–child attachment on bullying behavior: the mediating role of external expression of anger
Authors: Wang Ruixin , Chen Yiwen , Zhao Zhenyu , Zhao Mengmeng , Wang Ziying , Luo Hongge , Li Lina
Published: December 2024

Purpose

(1) To investigate the relationship between college students’ parent–child attachment, external expression of anger, and bullying behavior; (2) To explore the mediating role of external expression of anger between parent–child attachment and bullying behavior.

Methods

The Parent–Child Attachment Scale, State–Trait Anger Expression Inventory, and Bullying Participation Behavior Questionnaire were administered to 306 college students. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 for common method bias tests, descriptive analysis, and correlation analysis. The mediation model was tested using the PROCESS macro program.

Results

Parent–child attachment was significantly negatively correlated with external expression of anger and bullying behavior, while external expression of anger was positively correlated with bullying behavior. Additionally, the external expression of anger partially mediated the impact of parent–child attachment on bullying behavior.

Conclusion

This study clarifies the relationship between parent–child attachment, external expression of anger, and bullying, emphasizing the indirect effect of parent–child attachment on individual bullying behavior through the external expression of anger. It provides data support for the further development of innovative methods to effectively reduce bullying behavior.
Developmental origins of natural sound perception
Authors: Polver Silvia , Miller-Viacava Nicole , Fraticelli Matthieu , Gervain Judit , Lorenzi Christian
Published: December 2024

Infants are exposed to a myriad of sounds early in life, including caregivers' speech, songs, human-made and natural (non-anthropogenic) environmental sounds. While decades of research have established that infants have sophisticated perceptual abilities to process speech, less is known about how they perceive natural environmental sounds. This review synthesizes current findings about the perception of natural environmental sounds in the first years of life, emphasizing their role in auditory development and describing how these studies contribute to the emerging field of human auditory ecology. Some of the existing studies explore infants' responses to animal vocalizations and water sounds. Infants demonstrate an initial broad sensitivity to primate vocalizations, which narrows to human speech through experience. They also show early recognition of water sounds, with preferences for natural over artificial water sounds already at birth, indicating an evolutionary ancient sensitivity. However, this ability undergoes refinement with age and experience. The few studies available suggest that infants' auditory processing of natural sounds is complex and influenced by both genetic predispositions and exposure. Building on these existing results, this review highlights the need for ecologically valid experimental paradigms that better represent the natural auditory environments humans evolved in. Understanding how children process natural soundscapes not only deepens our understanding of auditory development but also offers practical insights for advancing environmental awareness, improving auditory interventions for children with hearing loss, and promoting wellbeing through exposure to natural sounds.
Relationships between daily emotional experiences and smartphone addiction among college students: moderated mediating role of gender and mental health problems
Authors: Cheng Qiuping , Zhou Ying , Zhu Hongying , Wang Qunlong , Peng Wei
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The theoretical model of smartphone addiction highlights the role of emotional factors in fostering addictive behaviors. However, most research has focused on long-term emotional states and pathologies, often overlooking the immediate effects of daily emotional fluctuations on smartphone usage and their mechanisms.

Methods

Our study employed an online survey and a moderated parallel mediation model to explore how daily emotional experiences influence smartphone addiction among college students. We analyzed the mediating roles of anxiety, stress, and depression, and the moderating effect of gender.

Results

Our findings indicate that daily negative emotional experiences were positively correlated with smartphone addiction, with stress serving as a significant mediator in the relationship between both positive and negative emotional experiences and addiction. Interestingly, positive emotional experiences directly increased smartphone addiction risk among female students, but they also significantly reduced stress and depression, especially pronounced in women. Further analysis indicated that positive emotions primarily mitigate addiction through reducing stress, a pathway especially significant in females.

Discussion

The study not only confirms the substantial impact of emotional experiences on addiction but also deepens our understanding of their mechanisms, underlining the importance of considering the nature of emotional experiences and gender-specific effects in devising prevention and intervention strategies.
Study on the impact of learning engagement on the subjective wellbeing of empty nesters in rural China
Authors: Zeng Ruirang , Shi Huiqin , Wu Huiqi , Sun Lixin
Published: December 2024

With the rapid development of China's socio-economic landscape and shifts in population structure, rural empty nesters have increasingly become a focal point of social concern. Compared to their urban counterparts, rural empty nesters face more life challenges and psychological stress, making their subjective wellbeing a significant issue. This study explores the impact of learning engagement on the subjective wellbeing of rural empty nesters in China, aiming to provide theoretical support and policy recommendations to enhance their wellbeing. Using a random sampling method, the study focused on elderly learners aged 50 and above from counties within Z Province, N City, where elderly learning is relatively concentrated. Data were processed using SPSS 27.0 software. The findings indicate that there is a significant difference in subjective wellbeing between rural empty nesters and rural non-empty nesters, with rural empty nesters exhibiting lower subjective wellbeing and more passive involvement in learning activities. Learning engagement has a significant effect on improving the subjective wellbeing of rural empty nesters, with a notable positive correlation between learning engagement dimensions and subjective wellbeing. Compared to rural non-empty nesters, learning engagement has a more pronounced positive effect on the subjective wellbeing of rural empty nesters.
COVID-19 outbreaks caused by different SARS-CoV-2 variants: a descriptive, comparative study from China
Authors: Chen Cao , Feng Yenan , Yin Zeyuan , Pang Mingfan , Shi Qi , Ma Xuejun , Dong Xiao-Ping
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To understand the epidemic characteristics of various SARS-CoV-2 variants, we mainly focus on analyzing general epidemic profiles, viral mutation, and evolution of COVID-19 outbreaks caused by different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) in China as of August 2022.

Methods

We systematically sorted out the general epidemic profiles of outbreaks caused by various SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in China, compared the differences of outbreaks caused by Delta and Omicron VOCs, and analyzed the mutational changes of subvariants between the same outbreak and different outbreaks.

Findings

By 15 August 2022, a total of 2, 33, and 124 COVID-19 outbreaks caused by Alpha, Delta, and Omicron VOCs, respectively, were reported in different regions of China. In terms of the number of outbreaks, the extent of affected areas, and the total number of confirmed cases, Omicron VOCs were more widespread than the other variants. The most frequently circulating PANGO lineages in China were B.1.617.2 and AY.122 in Delta VOCs, and BA.2.2.1, BA.2, BA.2.2, and BA.5 for Omicron VOCs. Additional mutations in the genome of the SARS-CoV-2 strain were frequently observed in outbreaks with longer duration and higher numbers of infections.

Conclusion

Through the comprehensive analysis of the COVID-19 outbreaks, the influences, and the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 variants in China, we found differences between outbreaks caused by Delta and Omicron VOCs. The genome of SARS-CoV-2 continued to evolve within the same outbreak and across outbreaks occurring in different locations or at different times. These findings suggest that rapidly containing an Omicron virus outbreak can not only reduce the spread of the virus but also delay the virus’s mutation frequency.
Division of childcare policy actors under health-oriented goals: thematic analysis of China’s policy texts from the social constructionist perspective
Authors: Li Linan , Li Junyu
Published: December 2024

Background

Ensuring child health, as a key objective of global childcare policies, requires coordinated efforts between the government, social organizations and communities, institutions, and families. Despite China’s progress in comprehensive childcare policy development, rapid economic growth, and urbanization, challenges persist, such as urban–rural disparities and unequal resource distribution, highlighting the need for effective collaboration between policy actors.

Methods

To collect textual data, this study searched for prefectural-level childcare policy texts issued since 2019 on government websites and legal databases, ultimately identifying 224 documents for analysis. This study reviewed the literature on the impact of childcare policies on child health and identified the enhancement of childcare quality as a current research focus. This study then conducted a content analysis using Nvivo12 Plus software and coded and analyzed the childcare policy content. Finally, it applied social construction theory to interpret the policy documents.

Results

Childcare policies were centered around child health and formed a responsibility and accountability framework between the government, social organizations and communities, institutions, and families, whose action shares accounted for 38.9, 22.89, 29.05, and 9.16%, respectively. The development of childcare institutions was a key aspect of the defamilialization trend. Compared to other policy actors, institutions played a larger role in child health policy aspects such as safety management (12.97%), health and hygiene (8.56%), and scientific parenting (10.93%).

Conclusion

Within China’s health-oriented framework, the refamilialization and defamilialization processes coexist in terms of childcare policies, and limited community-based childcare resources extend beyond the family. The participation of diverse policy actors in China’s childcare system is expected to persist, underscoring the increased need to enhance the policy actors’ negotiation skills and bolster community-based childcare services in the future.
Age-dependent pathogenic profiles of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea in Bangladesh
Authors: Akhtar Marjahan , Begum Yasmin Ara , Isfat Ara Rahman Sadia , Afrad Mokibul Hassan , Parvin Nasrin , Akter Afroza , Tauheed Imam , Amin Mohammad Ashraful , Ryan Edward T. , Khan Ashraful Islam , Chowdhury Fahima , Bhuiyan Taufiqur Rahman , Qadri Firdausi
Published: December 2024

Background

Age plays a significant role in susceptibility to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections, yet the distribution of ETEC virulence factors across age groups remains understudied. This study investigated the differential pathogenic profiles ETEC across various age groups, emphasizing the importance of selecting potential ETEC antigens tailored to infection patterns in infants and adults in Bangladesh.

Methods

This study utilized the icddr,b’s 2% systematic hospital surveillance data of diarrheal patients (n = 14,515) from 2017 to 2022 to examine the age-specific pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of ETEC infections.

Results

In total ETEC was identified in 1,371 (9.4%) of surveillance samples. ETEC-associated diarrhea was higher in children aged 0–2 years and decreased significantly in the 3–17 years age group. Among all ETEC cases, 56% were adults (p = 0.0079) with severe dehydration. Distinct age-specific distribution of ETEC toxin types and colonization factors (CFs) were observed: heat labile toxin (LT)-associated ETEC infections decreased with age (p < 0.0001), while heat stable toxin (ST)-associated-ETEC was prevalent across all ages. Adults exhibited significantly higher rates of ETEC diarrhea with strains secreting both types of toxins. A high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among ETEC strains, particularly in pediatric cases, with significant resistance observed against commonly used antibiotics such as azithromycin and in line with similar age specific toxin profiles. The most common CFs were CFA/I, CS3, CS5, CS6, and CS21. CFA/I positive ETEC infection was more common in children (p < 0.001), while CS5 and CS6 were more common in adults (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The findings provide valuable insights into ETEC epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations. These observations imply that age-related differences in host-pathogen interactions exist for ETEC infections and this may influence the development of targeted vaccines or therapeutics and use in specific populations.
Revolutionizing the construction industry by cutting edge artificial intelligence approaches: a review
Authors: Gill Eliezer Zahid , Cardone Daniela , Amelio Alessia
Published: December 2024

The construction industry is rapidly adopting Industry 4.0 technologies, creating new opportunities to address persistent environmental and operational challenges. This review focuses on how Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) are being leveraged to tackle these issues. It specifically explores AI’s role in predicting air pollution, improving material quality, monitoring worker health and safety, and enhancing Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) for construction. This study evaluates various AI and ML models, including Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Support Vector Machines SVMs, as well as optimization techniques like whale and moth flame optimization. These tools are assessed for their ability to predict air pollutant levels, improve concrete quality, and monitor worker safety in real time. Research papers were also reviewed to understand AI’s application in predicting the compressive strength of materials like cement mortar, fly ash, and stabilized clay soil. The performance of these models is measured using metrics such as coefficient of determination (R2), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). Furthermore, AI has shown promise in predicting and reducing emissions of air pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO, SO2, and O3. In addition, it improves construction material quality and ensures worker safety by monitoring health indicators like standing postures, electrocardiogram, and galvanic skin response. It is also concluded that AI technologies, including Explainable AI and Petri Nets, are also making advancements in CPS for the construction industry. The models’ performance metrics indicate they are well-suited for real-time construction operations. The study highlights the adaptability and effectiveness of these technologies in meeting current and future construction needs. However, gaps remain in certain areas of research, such as broader AI integration across diverse construction environments and the need for further validation of models in real-world applications. Finally, this research underscores the potential of AI and ML to revolutionize the construction industry by promoting sustainable practices, improving operational efficiency, and addressing safety concerns. It also provides a roadmap for future research, offering valuable insights for industry stakeholders interested in adopting AI technologies.
Ruxolitinib and pegylated interferon in Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia due to a pathogenic CSF3R germline variant: a case report
Authors: Grano Selene , Bonuomo Valentina , Carli Diana , Peri Veronica , Farinasso Loredana , Ramenghi Ugo , Cilloni Daniela , Fava Carmen
Published: December 2024

Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by CSF3R mutations. Here, we report the first case of a CNL patient positive for a de-novo germline CSF3R T618I variant effectively treated with ruxolitinib and pegylated interferon (peg-IFN), obtaining normalization of blood counts and maintaining good disease control for over 8 years. In addition, the RUNX1 L56S variant was detected at diagnosis and confirmed in subsequent next-generation sequencing (variant allele frequency of 50.4%). Although this variant has been debated, it is now widely recognized as a benign polymorphism and current evidence shows it does not modify prognosis. Our report adds to the growing body of evidence confirming the importance of a good evaluation of the mutational status of driver mutations in the setting of germline variants.
Internal and marginal fits of 3D-printed provisional prostheses: comparative effect of different printing parameters
Authors: Al-Dulaijan Yousif A. , Aldamanhori Rand , Algaoud Hadeel , Alshubaili Rand , Alkhateeb Reem , Alalawi Haidar , Abualsaud Reem , Alqarawi Firas K. , Al-Qarni Faisal D. , Gad Mohammed M.
Published: December 2024

Objectives

The influence of printing parameters on the marginal and internal fit of three-dimensional (3D) printed interim fixed partial dentures (IFPDs) has been understudied. This investigation sought to elucidate the impact of printing orientation and post-curing time on these critical factors.

Methods

A total of 260 3-Unit IFDPs were printed using two different resins (130/NextDent C&B MFH and 130/ASIGA DentaTOOTH). For each material, specimens were printed with three different angulations (0-, 45-, and 90-degree in relation to the z-axis). Each was further divided into 4 groups (n = 10) according to post-curing time (30-, 60-, 90-, and 120 min), while the green state (GS) group at 0-degree remained without post-curing as a control. Each specimen was scanned and then superimposed on the original CAD file. The marginal and internal fit of premolar and molar restorations were evaluated using the silicone replica technique. Digital scanning of the master die, both with and without a fit checker, was followed by data superimposition to compare the master die with the fit checker of each sample. 3D comparisons were conducted using initial and best-fit alignment methods, and the root mean square error (RMS) was calculated to quantify marginal and internal fit at each abutment and for the overall restoration. Statistical analysis was performed using JMP® software (JMP®, Version 16, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA, 1989–2022) with a significance level 0.05 for all tests.

Results

For the ASIGA group, 0-degree orientation generally exhibited better fit than 45- and 90-degree orientations, with some variations based on post-cure time. For marginal fit, ASIGA crowns typically showed better results with 90-degree orientation, while NextDent crowns demonstrated consistent performance across orientations. Post-curing time also influenced marginal fit, with longer durations generally resulting in improved outcomes.

Conclusion

With different printing orientations and post-curing times, ASIGA and NextDent resins can produce IFDPs with acceptable internal and marginal fit. However, NextDent resin consistently outperformed ASIGA in terms of overall fit. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term clinical performance of these materials.
Configurational Field Analysis: a new approach to global field dynamics
Authors: Jong Abbas
Published: December 2024

This paper advances the theory of Configurational Field Analysis (CFA) as a reconfiguration of Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory, aiming to address the limitations of Global Field Theory in analyzing the complexities of global and transnational phenomena. While the concept of the Global Field extended Bourdieu’s ideas to transnational and global arenas, it has been critiqued for its structural determinism, Eurocentrism, and its inability to fully capture the fluid, indeterminate, and contingent nature of global social dynamics. In response, this paper introduces social configurations as dynamic, relational constructs that emerge from specific historical and contextual conditions, rather than as fixed and universal structures. By integrating the concept of social configurations into field theory, CFA reconceptualizes social spaces as fluid and contested arenas where power, capital, and influence are continually negotiated. The paper proceeds by revisiting the foundations and critiques of Global Field Theory, followed by the introduction of social configurations and their theoretical advantages. Finally, it presents Configurational Field Analysis as a comprehensive framework, detailing its analytical steps and demonstrating its applicability to contemporary global issues. This framework not only addresses the methodological and analytical gaps in Global Field Theory but also offers a more adaptable and context-sensitive approach for understanding the complexities of global interactions.
Socio-economic characterization, identification and prioritization of major constraints in Dhumuga learning watershed, Ambo, Ethiopia
Authors: Soboka Diriba Megersa , Dibaba Regasa
Published: December 2024

Understanding the socioeconomic profile of a particular watershed is essential for effective project planning prior to intervention. This study aimed to gather baseline information, record the existing socioeconomic conditions, and identify key constraints within the Dhumuga learning watershed located in the West Shewa zone of Ethiopia. The information was collected through a household survey and focus group discussions. Through focused group discussions, issues like deforestation, water erosion, restricted access to enhanced crop varieties, insufficient irrigation water, and the decline in soil fertility were recognized and prioritized. The survey findings revealed that 82% of households were headed by males, with 40% of household heads possessing basic literacy skills (able to read and write), while 54% were enrolled in primary school (Grades 1–8). Crop production generated 912.08 USD per household per year on average as of 2023 Ethiopian foreign exchange rates to USD, while livestock production generated 2,612.39 US dollar per household per year. In relation to food security, 36% of households have occasionally faced food shortages caused by natural issues during the kiremt season. The research also highlighted challenges such as land degradation from water erosion (46%), improper tillage practices (34%), and deforestation (20%). Additionally, 78% of households rely on firewood for cooking, with 98% of this firewood sourced from local forests and trees, posing a significant threat to forest resources and their sustainable management. For effective management and oversight of the Dhumuga learning watershed, it is recommended to implement forest resource conservation initiatives, promote the use of energy-efficient stoves, enhance soil fertility strategies, establish soil erosion control methods, and introduce innovations for community livelihood improvement, along with raising awareness about various natural resource management activities.
Factors affecting the adoption of drones in the food supply chain
Authors: Undre Haaliema Bibi , Jokonya Osden
Published: December 2024

The fourth industrial revolution’s digital transformation has profoundly altered how we view the food supply chain. The technological advancements associated with the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) have witnessed an upsurge in emerging technologies adoption such as drones in the food supply chain. However, research on the factors affecting the adoption of drones in the food supply chain is limited. This study therefore addresses the research gap. The study’s main objective is to explore factors affecting the adoption of drones in the food supply chain. The study conducted a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed articles. This quantitative study adopted the Technology-Organizational-Environmental (TOE) framework as the theoretical lens to explore the factors influencing drone adoption. The study indicates that technological factors (cost, relative advantage, and perceived usefulness), organizational factors (strategic objectives), and environmental factors (market structure) affect the adoption of drones in the food supply chain. Despite the study’s limitations, such as secondary data rather than empirical data, the study contributes to the body of knowledge on the factors influencing the adoption of drones in the food supply chain.
Exploring the nexus between social and environmental sustainability within EU organic agriculture: a systematic literature review
Authors: Magnano Giulia , Falasconi Luca , Giordano Claudia
Published: December 2024

The European Union’s Farm-to-Fork Strategy and Green Deal underscore organic farming’s critical role in promoting sustainability and addressing socio-economic issues, including precarious, seasonal, and undeclared labor. The EU’s objective to have at least 25% of the agricultural land dedicated to organic farming by 2030 highlights the need for research into the social implications of organic practices, particularly concerning labor conditions, which remains largely unexplored. While existing literature often focuses on organic agriculture’s job creation potential, the specifics of labor conditions within this sector remain insufficiently examined. Limited attention has been paid to how private certification schemes shape labour processes, or to the effects of increased preventive measures on organic farmworkers’ workloads. This study conducts a systematic review of 41 articles to assess how labor issues are framed within the organic farming sector, identifying three main themes: 1. regulatory frameworks; 2. production practices; 3. farmworkers’ employment conditions. These themes are contextualized within the global agri-food value chain, demonstrating how organic agriculture is embedded in a globalized industry. The findings suggest that the social role of organic agriculture is often framed as an economic opportunity for farmers and rural communities or as a means of promoting rural development and increasing revenues through job creation. However, such perspectives risk overlooking the sector’s potential to improve labor conditions. The review reveals an urgent need for qualitative studies that explore the experiences of marginalized groups, including migrant and female workers, in organic farming. It advocates for future research that incorporates labor issues into policy discourse, aiming to enhance labor standards within organic certification schemes. Empirical research is therefore essential to deepening our understanding of the intersection between social and environmental sustainability, particularly in relation to the varied labor regimes present in organic agriculture. This work offers a foundational basis for future studies on the evolving relationship between organic agriculture and social sustainability in the context of the green transition.
Chemical-functional characterization of Ascophyllum nodosum and Phymatolithon calcareum and dietary supplementation in post-weaning pigs
Authors: Frazzini Sara , Reggi Serena , Dell’Anno Matteo , Fifi Anna Paola , Scaglia Elena , Ferri Irene , Rossi Luciana
Published: December 2024

Introduction

As the livestock industry grapples with the need for sustainable land, maintaining production systems, and reducing antimicrobial resistance, the application of functional nutrition emerges as a potential solution.

Aim

In line with the One Health principles, this study aims to evaluate functional properties of Ascophyllum nodosum and Phymatolithon calcareum, and assess the effects of their dietary supplementation on piglets’ health.

Materials and methods

A chemical-functional characterization was conducted before and after in vitro digestion. Total Polyphenols Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) were determined through colorimetric assays, while antioxidant activity was determined using ABTS assay, and the microdilution method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial capacity. For the in vivo trial twenty-four post-weaning pigs (28 ± 2 days, 6.89 ± 0.820 Kg) were enrolled in two homogeneous groups (n = 12/group): control group (CTRL) fed a commercial diet, and treated group (ALGAE) fed commercial diet with the addition of 1.5% of A. nodosum and 0.5% of P. calcareum for 27 days. Weekly, zootechnical performances were assessed monitoring the body weight and the individual feed intake. Fecal samples were collected to evaluate the abundance of total, lactic acid and coliform bacteria through plate counting. Serum were obtained at day 0 and day 27 to assess the antioxidant barrier.

Results and discussion

The chemical characterization discloses that the minerals’ level remains below the maximum thresholds defined for their use in piglets nutrition. TPC was 330.42 ± 21.372 mg TAE/g of the sample and 11.45 ± 0.521 mg TAE/g of the sample for A. nodosum and P. calcareum, respectively, and a similar trend was found in the TFC evaluation (213.85 ± 20.557 and 2.71 ± 0.900 mg CE/g of sample, respectively). Our results also highlighted that polyphenols and flavonoid compounds persisted after in vitro digestion as well as the functional properties. The administration of algae in piglets diet, although it slightly affected feed efficiency in the first period of the trial, did not affect the animal growth in terms of weight and average daily gain. Microbiological analysis of feces showed similar values between the two experimental groups over 27 days. A significantly higher serum antioxidant barrier was registered in ALGAE compared to CTRL group at day 27 (363.26 ± 16.241 vs. 230.69 ± 32.078 HClO/mL, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

In conclusion, the supplementation with A. nodosum and P. calcareum could be considered a promising dietary strategy to enhance the oxidative barrier in weaned piglets.
Estimating the quantity of substandard and falsified medical products purchased online
Authors: Vajda Péter , Ábrahám Eszter , Bodrogi Zsolt , Dergez Tímea , Fittler András , Vida Róbert György , Botz Lajos
Published: December 2024

Background: The increasing distribution of Substandard and Falsified Medical Products is a well-known health risk. The quantity of these medicines sent to consumers is not known, and it can only be accurately estimated with a specific sample collection study. These consignments ordered via mail from illegal online sources pose a great health risk on the population.

Methods: We used an observation-based cross-sectional study in order to obtain accurate data regarding the number of medicinal shipments from dubious origin. We collected data on-site to assess the number of Substandard and Falsified Medical Products arrived in Hungary via postal services in 2020.

Results: The therapeutic category (according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC) system of the WHO) of the most frequently shipped products contained active ingredients for treating erectile dysfunction. These substances were sildenafil (G04BE03), tadalafil (G04BE08), and other analgesics and antipyretics, such as anilides (N02BE). In 2020 we estimated that the real Defined Daily Dose of SFMP was 1.2 DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day. This value is equivalent to one third of Hungary’s opioid analgesic use. We also calculated that the average exposure was approximately 4 ampoules per day and 40 oral preparations per day (without DDD value) for 1000 people in Hungary.

Conclusions: This study accurately estimates the number of consignments received by post containing Substandard and Falsified Medical Products, and determines the quantity per 1000 persons per day expressed in DDD. This parameter may be used as a benchmark that helps more detailed research in the future.
Attitudes toward mask wearing in Malaysia during the COVID pandemic
Authors: Pitol Najmus Sayadat , Sapir Ana Shakirah
Published: December 2024

The rapid dispersion of COVID-19 occurred after the two large religious gatherings in Malaysia. To restrain the transmission of COVID-19 the government of Malaysia recommended using face masks with physical distancing, using hand wash and executing several confinement periods. This study aimed to assess the changing mindset of Malaysians about face masks through a hypothetico-deductive technique with the combination of the theory of Planned Behavior. We also used five-point-Likert scale ranging 1-5. The majority of respondents firmly concurred that it was a good idea (mean = 4.80) to start wearing a face mask. Additionally, they have a tendency to wear masks (mean = 4.84) and request that their loved ones (mean = 4.74), family members (mean = 4.79) and friends (mean = 4.76) do the same. Respondents believe that they have a moral obligation to wear a face mask when they go out. The majority understood the advantages of wearing face masks (mean = 4.70), had a favorable opinion (mean = 4.69) and felt morally obligated (mean = 4.69) to do so. This statement was supported by our inter-item correlation. The respondents thought wearing a face mask during the COVID-19 confinement period was beneficial and reduce the possibility of COVID-19 infection; it increased their positive perception (61.6%) and their tendency (56.9%) to wear a face mask while their moral obligation to wear a mask (53.9%) also increased. The outcomes of this study may support health policymakers to formulate a suitable guideline on what to do if such a pandemic occurs again in the future.
Nanodiamonds: Advanced carriers for anticancer drug delivery
Authors: Mukherjee Pritam , Singh Indu
Published: December 2024

Diamond nanoparticles discovery and extensive applications in modern biosciences. Because of its excellent biocompatibility, it serves as useful platforms that can be implanted within polymer-based microfilm devices. Nano-diamonds complex with a chemotherapeutic show sustained release of the drug for a month, with a significant amount of drug in reserve. It serves the potential for highly localized drug release as a complementary and potent form of treatment with systemic injection towards the reduction of continuous dose, and as such, attenuation of the often-powerful side effects of chemotherapy. Nano-diamonds are very economical, allowing the wide impact of these devices for a range of physiological disorders like supporting as a local chemotherapeutic patch, or as a pericardial device to suppress inflammation after open heart surgery. Nano-diamond patch could be used to treat a localized region where residual cancer cells might remain after a tumour is removed. Nano-diamonds may be used to discover a wide range of therapeutic classes, including small molecules, proteins, therapeutic antibodies, RNAi.
Relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) use with outcome and cardiovascular involvement in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Kazemi Erfan , Daliri Salman , Chaman Reza , Rohani-Rasaf Marzieh , Binesh Ehsan , Sheibani Hossein
Published: December 2024

CoViD-19 used the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors for cell entry. ACE inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin ii receptor type 2 blockers (Arbs) are one of the medications used in CoViD-19 patients. Some studies suggested that both of them may increase the virulence of CoViD-19.Objectives: The study aimed to determine whether the clinical condition of ACEI/ARB users is significantly different from non-ACEi/Arb users or not. Methods: in this cross-sectional study, 671 patients who were recognized by rT-PCr participated in the study. ACEis/Arb users in these positive participants were 175 (26%). All of them had been using ACEs/Arbs before got CoViD-19. Demographic, clinical, and paraclinical data were collected through medical records and laboratory results.Results: Our analysis demonstrated that both groups did not differ significantly interms of death (p value=0.12). The prevalence of severe clinical course was significantly higher than non-ACEIs/ARBs users. However, we matched both groups in terms of gender and age. Surprisingly, it represented ACEis/Arb users had no more chance to experience a severe clinical course [p=0.35, OR=1.22, CI (0.79, 1.87)]. Moreover, the mean ejection fraction (EF) was higher in them (51.6 ± 8.3, p<0.001). Also, the frequency of CRP-positive patients was higher in them (73.1%, p=0.09). Other laboratory results (leukocytes and lymphocyte counts, LDH) were not significant.Conclusions: We could not find evidence that ACEI/ARBs treatment could be a risk factor for the severity of COVID-19. Thus, their treatment regime should not be altered for CoViD-19.
Lanostane Triterpenes with Antimicrobial Activity: A Study of the Pholiol Series from the Hungarian Edible Mushroom Pholiota populnea
Authors: Yazdani Morteza , Kincses Annamária , Hohmann Judit
Published: December 2024

Aims: Pholiota populnea is an edible macrofungus, distributed worldwide wherever cottonwood occurs. This study aimed to explore the potential antimicrobial properties of isolated lanostane triterpenes from P. populnea, namely pholiols A-D, E, G, H, J, L, and Q.

Methods: A diverse range of microorganisms, including Gram-negative, and Gram-positive bacterial and fungal strains were employed to assess the antimicrobial activity of these natural triterpenes.

Results: Among the investigated compounds, pholiol C [3β-acetoxy-2α-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyloxy)-12β,25-dihydroxylanosta-8-en-24-one] exhibited significant activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 100 µM against Streptococcus agalactiae, and 200 µM against Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus MRSA, S. epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus subtilis. Additionally, pholiols G and E displayed notable inhibitory properties against the S. agalactiae strain, both exhibiting a MIC value of 200 µM.

Conclusion: These findings underscore the potential of the mushroom P. populnea as a noteworthy source of triterpenes possessing antimicrobial activity.
Genome-Wide Association Analysis Identifies Loci and Candidate Genes for 100-Kernel Weight in Maize
Authors: Wang Meixia , Cheng Danyang , Ren Haojie , Li Haoyang , Wang Ruiyu , Dong Chunlin , Chang Jianzhong
Published: December 2024

Maize is an important food crop, and 100-kernel weight (HKW) is one of the three key components of yield. In this study, 200 maize inbred lines were used as the material, and HKW was evaluated over three consecutive years in two environments. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using the Blink and FarmCPU models with 44,935 SNP markers evenly distributed across the maize genome. A total of 25 SNPs significantly associated with HKW were identified, with three SNPs detected in both models. Six significant SNPs were located within previously mapped QTL bins associated with grain weight. In the linkage disequilibrium (LD) regions of the significant SNP loci, 198 candidate genes were identified, of which 74 had annotation information. Further analysis revealed 21 candidate genes related to HKW, such as GRMZM2G010555 (alternative oxidase), GRMZM2G102471 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), GRMZM2G060669 (histone deacetylase), GRMZM2G090156 (methyltransferase), GRMZM2G002075 (BZIP transcription factor), and GRMZM2G138454 (bHLH transcription factor). The SNP loci and candidate genes identified in this study provide important references for marker-assisted selection, fine mapping, and gene cloning related to HKW in maize.
Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Steroid-Induced Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head by Modulating Cellular Autophagy
Authors: Zhong Changheng , Xu Hanzhe , Chen Junwen , Cai Wenxiang , Zhou Jianlin , Peng Hao
Published: December 2024

Background: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are critical regulatory molecules in the body, commonly utilized in clinical practice for their potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. However, prolonged, high-dose GC therapy is frequently associated with femoral head necrosis, a condition known as glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (GC-ONFH). Emerging evidence suggests that enhanced autophagy may mitigate apoptosis, thereby protecting osteoblasts from GC-induced damage and delaying the progression of ONFH. This study aims to evaluate whether human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) can alleviate GC-induced osteoblast injury through autophagy modulation. Methods: In vitro, osteoblasts were exposed to GCs for 48 h, followed by co-culture with hUCMSCs for an additional 12 h before further analysis. The osteoblasts were categorized into four experimental groups: (A) control group, (B) Dex group, (C) Dex + hUCMSC group, and (D) Dex + hUCMSC + 3-MA group. In vivo, rabbits were assigned to one of four groups: Con, MPS, core decompression (CD), and CD + hUCMSC (n = 12 per group), and subsequently subjected to CT imaging and HE staining. Results: In vitro results demonstrate that hUCMSC treatment mitigated GC-induced osteoblast apoptosis and preserved osteogenic activity through autophagy modulation. In vivo, infusion of hUCMSCs enhanced trabecular thickness in the femoral head and improved the femoral head microenvironment. Conclusions: These findings suggest that hUCMSCs protect osteoblasts from GC-induced damage by regulating autophagy, offering new insights into the potential therapeutic use of hUCMSCs for treating ONFH via autophagy enhancement.
Study on Microstructure and Electrochemical Properties of Mg1.6Ni1-xTi0.4Mnx (x = 0~0.3) Alloy
Authors: Wang Jiangang , Liang Yibo , Wang Feilong , Li Jingwei , Ju Dongying , Feng Jiangsong , Zhang Xin , Ma Jing
Published: December 2024

Mg2Ni hydrogen storage alloy has the advantages of large hydrogen storage per unit mass, low price, and abundant resources, but there are shortcomings such as activation difficulties and poor kinetic performance. This paper improves the performance of Mg2Ni hydrogen storage alloy by adding Ti and Mn alloying elements. Mg1.6Ni1-xTi0.4Mnx (x = 0~0.3) hydrogen storage alloys with different Mn contents were prepared by the solid phase diffusion method. The physical structure and microscopic morphology of the prepared alloys were characterized using XRD and SEM techniques, and their charge/discharge and electrochemical properties were tested using a battery tester and an electrochemical workstation. The results show that the solid phase diffusion reaction of the prepared alloys resulted in the formation of the Mg phase with a layered structure, a Mg2Ni hydrogen storage phase, and intermetallic compounds Ni3Ti and Mg3MnNi2 phases. The presence of Ni3Ti and Mg3MnNi2 phases improved the activation properties and discharge capacity of the alloys. The alloys with Mn addition all reached the maximum discharge capacity at the first cycle. The maximum discharge capacity increased from 50.45 mAh/g without Mn addition to 96.67 mAh/g at x = 0.3. The maximum discharge capacity of the alloy increased to 165.52 mAh/g at 323 K. The maximum discharge capacity of the alloy increased from 50.45 mAh/g without Mn addition to 96.67 mAh/g. And its corrosion current density was reduced from 0.96 mA/g without Mn addition to 0.3 mA/g.
Cloud Computing and High Performance Computing (HPC) Advances for Next Generation Internet
Authors: Chou Jerry , Chung Wu-Chun
Published: December 2024

Cloud computing and High-Performance Computing (HPC) have become emerging paradigms that drive innovation and reshape the landscape of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) [...]
Media Influence and Public Opinion on Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Projects in Myanmar: A First-Level Agenda-Setting Analysis
Authors: Oo Zeyar , Dai Yonghong
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the relationship between news media and public opinion on Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) projects in Myanmar since media liberalization in 2011, using first-level agenda-setting theory. A mixed-method approach was employed: a quantitative content analysis of 217 articles from ELEVEN and The Irrawaddy, identifying 1436 distinct frames on ten BRI-related issues, and a survey of 385 respondents to assess public opinion. Spearman’s rank-order correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between media coverage and public opinion. A strong positive correlation (rho = 0.87, p < 0.05) was found between increased media coverage and public opinion alignment regarding BRI-related issues. The findings highlight the significant influence of the media on the public perception of BRI projects in Myanmar, and contribute to media effects and agenda-setting theory, offering insights for stakeholders investigating the interplay between the media, public opinion, and international development. Further research is needed to explore the media’s agenda-setting role in BRI project policy decisions in Myanmar.
Deformation Properties of Thermally Aged E308L Stainless Steel During Tensile Test with Carbide Effects
Authors: Han Yongming , Cao Xinyuan , Lu Yonghao , Shoji Tetsuo
Published: December 2024

Microstructure and deformation properties of both unaged and aged cladding material were studied at 400 °C for 10,000 h. The results indicated that carbide formation occurred in the cladding material, while thermal aging treatment resulted in spinodal decomposition and G-phase formation in the aged ferrite phase. Furthermore, intensive straight slip bands formed in both unaged and aged austenite phases. Continual straight slip bands formed in the unaged ferrite phase, while curvilinear slip bands formed in the aged ferrite phase during the plastic deformation process. Microcracks preferred to nucleate at the points of interaction between phase boundaries and carbides, while the aged ferrite phase experienced lowered microcrack formation along the carbide/ferrite phase boundary. Microcracks propagated along the straight slip bands in the unaged ferrite phases and curvilinear slip bands in the aged ferrite phases.