bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gold–carbonyl group interactions in the electrochemistry of anthraquinone thiols self-assembled on Au(111)-surfaces
Authors: Wagner Michal , Qvortrup Katrine , Grier Katja E. , Ottosen Mikkel R. , Petersen Jonas O. , Tanner David , Ulstrup Jens , Zhang Jingdong
Published: March 2019

The significance of gold–carbonyl group interactions in the electrochemistry of anthraquinone thiol derivatives disclosed via specific proximity to gold surfaces.
Synthesis of stimuli-responsive nanosized ring-like colloids and cyclic polymers via a dual-template approach
Authors: Peng Jinlei , Zuo Cai , Xiao Qi , Deng Kaicheng , Meng Chao , Liu Yuping , Zhang Miao , Ma Liwei , Pun Suzie H. , Wei Hua
Published: March 2019

A dual-template approach was developed for the first time to prepare stimuli-responsive nanosized ring-like colloids and cyclic polymers.
Superior lithium-storage properties derived from a high pseudocapacitance behavior for a peony-like holey Co3O4 anode
Authors: Duan Huanhuan , Du Li , Zhang Shenkui , Chen Zhuowen , Wu Songping
Published: March 2019

A unique Co3O4 material, with a peony-like architecture assembled with ultrathin porous nanosheets, could display unprecedented rate capabilities when acting as the anode for lithium-ion batteries.
High-performance hierarchical ultrathin sheet-based CoOOH hollow nanospheres with rich oxygen vacancies for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Huan , Feng Er-ming , Liu Yan-ming , Zhang Chun-yang
Published: March 2019

We demonstrate the synthesis of hierarchical ultrathin sheet-based CoOOH hollow nanospheres with rich oxygen vacancies for the oxygen evolution reaction.
Empirical estimates of the Na–O anti-correlation in 95 Galactic globular clusters
Authors: Carretta Eugenio
Published: March 2019

Large star-to-star abundance variations are direct evidence of multiple stellar populations in Galactic globular clusters (GCs). The main and most widespread chemical signature is the anti-correlation of the stellar Na and O abundances. The interquartile range (IQR) of the [O/Na] ratio is well suited to quantifying the extent of the anti-correlation and to probe its links to global cluster parameters. However, since it is quite time consuming to obtain precise abundances from spectroscopy for large samples of stars in GCs, here we show empirical calibrations of IQR[O/Na] based on the O, Na abundances homogeneously derived from more than 2000 red giants in 22 GCs in our FLAMES survey. We find a statistically robust bivariate correlation of IQR as a function of the total luminosity (a proxy for mass) and cluster concentration c. Calibrated and observed values lie along the identity line when a term accounting for the horizontal branch (HB) morphology is added to the calibration, from which we obtained empirical values for 95 GCs. Spreads in proton-capture elements O and Na are found for all GCs in the luminosity range from MV = −3.76 to MV = −9.98. This calibration reproduces in a self-consistent picture the link of abundance variations in light elements with the He enhancements and its effect on the stellar distribution on the HB. We show that the spreads in light elements seem already to be dependent on the initial GC masses. The dependence of IQR on structural parameters stems from the well known correlation between c and MV, which is likely to be of primordial origin. Empirical estimates can be used to extend our investigation of multiple stellar populations to GCs in external galaxies, up to M 31, where even integrated light spectroscopy may currently provide only a hint of such a phenomenon.
One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of Pyrrolidin-2-ones via a Sequential Wittig/Nucleophilic Addition/Cyclization Reaction
Authors: Guan Zhi-Rong , Liu Shuai , Liu Zi-Ming , Ding Ming-Wu
Published: March 2019

A new efficient synthesis of pyrrolidin-2-ones via sequential Wittig reaction/nucleophilic addition/cyclization was developed. The Wittig reaction of the phosphoranes with isocyanates produced ketenimine intermediates that were then treated with primary amines to give amidines, which were treated with catalytic sodium alkoxide to give 2-imino-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylates in good yields.
Evaluation of Patients with Lung Cancer Treated with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor
Authors: Wulandari Laksmi , Febriani Anna , Fatmawati Farah , Soegiarto Gatot
Published: March 2019

Epidermal growth factor receptor–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) is currently the standard therapy for EGFR-mutated non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Gefitinib is the first EGFR-TKI marketed in Indonesia and has been used since 2012 in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Although the drug had shown some positive results, the overall treatment outcome for Indonesian patients has not been reported yet. The aim of the study is to evaluate the progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and subjective response of gefitinib as first-line treatment in advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. This retrospective study includes all eligible patients treated from 2013 to 2016. Demographic data, performance status, tumor histopathologic types, treatment response, and adverse effects (AEs) during the treatment course were collected from patient's medical records. Objective response was based on RECIST 1.1. Quality of life was assessed using Eq. 5D questionnaire. From evaluable data of 63 patients, median PFS was 8.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI: 6.50–10.2) with median OS of 16 months (95% CI: 11.9–20.2). Eq. 5D scores were decreased in 21 (33.3%) patients, stable in 22 (34.9%), and increased in 20 (31.7%). The most common side effects were itchy skin rash in 52 (82%) patients and diarrhea in 29 (46%). Gefitinib as first-line therapy provides a good objective response and is generally well tolerated in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital.
Prospective Randomized Study Comparing Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy Using Three Weekly Cisplatin and Biweekly 5-Fluorouracil versus Weekly Paclitaxel in Locally Advanced Carcinoma Cervix
Authors: Marcus Sapna , Kaur Jasmeet , Yadav Hanuman Prasad
Published: March 2019

India being the second most populous country in the world accounted for 25% of cervical cancer death according to GLOBOCAN 2012. Although there are many agents available, the need for a model chemotherapy regimen that is effective and at the same time less toxic and has easy affordability is the current unmet need. We devised a study with the most commonly available and affordable drugs such as Cisplatin, 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), and Paclitaxel. The main objective was to study the efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in treatment of carcinoma cervix, using two different regimens in terms of clinical response evidenced clinically as well as on imaging. Secondary objectives were to assess the progression-free and overall survival. It was clearly evident that the response rate could be appreciated clinically in arm B over A; however, this difference could not be justified by statistical methods. Toxicities observed in both the arms was comparable, and in terms of progression-free and overall survival, the differences were not significant suggesting that the both the options could be considered in the treatment. Although the outcome looks promising prompting exploration of more such combinations that are easily available in the rural hospitals, but because of smaller sample size and smaller follow-up, a multi-institutional study with a larger sample size and a longer follow-up is definitely required to set the ball rolling in favor of combination chemotherapy, including cisplatin and 5FU.
Histopathological Changes in Breast Cancers Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Implications for Assessment of Therapy-Induced Cytological and Stromal Changes for Better Clinical Outcome and Effective Patient care
Authors: Sheereen Shazima , Lobo Flora , Kumar Barun , S. Manoj , G. Santosh , Patel Waseemoddin , Nayyar Abhishek
Published: March 2019

The histopathological interpretation of a tumor still remains the gold standard for diagnosis and deciding the type of therapy. Furthermore, in the context of chemo-radio-therapies often leading to prominent cytological and stromal changes in the tumor, histopathological interpretation during treatment, thus, becomes all the more important in correctly diagnosing and grading the tumor for an effective and planned regimen of the therapy increasing prognosis and chances of survival of the affected patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate such cytological and stromal changes rendered by the therapy during treatment in breast cancer cases. The present study was conducted over a period of 4 years from January 2014 to June 2017 at Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India wherein the clinical and histopathological details were collected for a total of 39 breast carcinoma cases during and post-therapy. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS statistics 17 (Chicago, USA). Various morphological features were analyzed for their frequency and were compared with the final diagnosis using Chi-square value (χ2), paired t-test and Fischer's test. p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The results of the present study revealed that 32 of the 39 breast carcinoma cases changed their grades during the course of therapy (p-value < 0.05). The fundamental manifestation of the effect of therapy was an obvious decrease in tumor cellularity. Intracellular changes commonly noted after chemotherapy included nuclear enlargement, hyperchromasia and an increased N:C ratio which were found in upto 85% of the cases followed by presence of prominent nucleoli and karyorrhexis/karyolysis. The predominant stromal changes seen post-therapy included necrosis (74.4%), fibrosis (64.1%), desmoplasia (59%) and degenerative changes (33.3%). Breast cancer therapy causes morphological alterations in the cancerous as well as the surrounding healthy tissue. The histopathological interpretation in such cases, thus, requires a thorough knowledge of the cytological and stromal changes rendered by the therapy.
Endoscopic Resection of a Cerebellopontine Angle Epidermoid Cyst via a Retrosigmoid Approach
Authors: Hitti Frederick Luke , Lee John Y.K.
Published: March 2019

A variety of lesions may arise within the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). Schwannomas and meningiomas are most commonly found in this location; however epidermoid cysts may also be found in this area. Here, we present the case of a 31-year-old man with severe right facial pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a right CPA mass that had heterogenous intensity on T2-weighted imagining and restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted imaging. The patient was offered resection of the mass for treatment of his facial pain via an endoscopic retrosigmoid approach. We provide a video that illustrates the steps taken to resect this mass endoscopically. The mass was white and friable. The tumor was resected using a combination of sharp dissection with the microscissors and round knife and aspiration. As the tumor was removed, the 5th nerve was visualized deep to the tumor. The tumor was freed from any adhesions and was resected piecemeal. The round knife was used to free the tumor from surrounding venous structures. The brainstem and origin of the trigeminal nerve were visualized with further tumor debulking. We moved inferiorly to resect the remainder of the tumor. We worked around the surrounding vasculature to resect the tumor. Advancing the endoscope farther, we visualized Meckel's cave. The wound was irrigated and closed in standard fashion. Tissue pathology confirmed a diagnosis of epidermoid cyst. The vast majority of the mass was removed and the patient had resolution of his facial pain postoperatively.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/fSw5sw8xQz0.
A novel 3D printed radial collimator for x-ray diffraction
Authors: Kowarik S. , Bogula L. , Boitano S. , Carlà F. , Pithan H. , Schäfer P. , Wilming H. , Zykov A. , Pithan L.
Published: March 2019

We demonstrate the use of a 3D printed radial collimator in X-ray powder diffraction and surface sensitive grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. We find a significant improvement in the overall signal to background ratio of up to 100 and a suppression of more than a factor 3 · 105 for undesirable Bragg reflections generated by the X-ray “transparent” windows of the sample environment. The background reduction and the removal of the high intensity signals from the windows, which limit the detector’s dynamic range, enable significantly higher sensitivity in experiments within sample environments such as vacuum chambers and gas- or liquid-cells. Details of the additively manufactured steel collimator geometry, alignment strategies using X-ray fluorescence, and data analysis are also briefly discussed. The flexibility and affordability of 3D prints enable designs optimized for specific detectors and sample environments, without compromising the degrees of freedom of the diffractometer.
Two mode coupling of the ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities
Authors: Xin J. , Yan R. , Wan Z.-H. , Sun D.-J. , Zheng J. , Zhang H. , Aluie H. , Betti R.
Published: March 2019

The coupling and evolution of two-mode ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability (ARTI) in two-dimensional geometry are studied via numerical simulations. We focus primarily on two scenarios: Coupling and bubble competition of a long and a short wavelength mode and of two short-wavelength modes. It is found that the long-wavelength modes tend to dominate in the nonlinear phase of the long-short coupling cases. The presence of the short-wavelength mode in the long-short cases enhances the total ARTI bubble vertex velocity. However, due to the formation of enclosed bubbles, this enhancement does not increase monotonically with the initial short-wavelength amplitude. Coupling of two short-wavelength modes forms a long-wavelength component which grows faster than each individual short-wavelength mode.
The early transient dynamics reaction of KDP surface during nanosecond laser breakdown
Authors: Liu Zhichao , Geng Feng , Wang Xiangfeng , Li Yaguo , Zheng Yi , Lei Xiangyang , Wang Jian , Xu Qiao
Published: March 2019

The early kinetics of KDP surface after nanosecond laser induced breakdown was studied via time resolved pump and probe method. The plasma absorption region appears at the bottom of the pump laser’s rise edge, and expands continuously in the laser duration and fades after several nanoseconds. The shockwave, propagating in the air side, appears at the top of the rise edge. Its maximum velocity is in direct proportion to laser energy, achieving near the pulse peak and then decreasing rapidly. The propagation of shockwave in the free decaying phase matches well with the point explosion model.
The time-dependent Schrödinger equation in three dimensions under geometric constraints
Authors: Petreska Irina , de Castro Antonio S. M. , Sandev Trifce , Lenzi Ervin K.
Published: March 2019

We consider a quantum motion governed by the time-dependent Schrödinger equation on a three dimensional comb structure. We derive the corresponding fractional Schrödinger equations for the reduced probability density functions by projection of the three dimensional comb dynamics in the two- and one-dimensional configuration space. This represents another physical example of a system where fractional calculus emerges. We give closed-form solutions of the corresponding equations for the reduced probability density functions in terms of the Fox H-function, by using the Green’s function approach.
Electron collisions with X(CH3)4 molecules (X = C, Si, Ge)
Authors: Stefanowska-Tur Sylwia , Możejko Paweł , Ptasińska-Denga Elżbieta , Szmytkowski Czesław
Published: March 2019

Absolute grand-total cross sections (TCSs) for electron scattering from tetramethylmethane [C(CH3)4], tetramethylsilane [Si(CH3)4], and tetramethylgermane [Ge(CH3)4] molecules have been measured at electron-impact energies extending from around 0.5 to 300 eV in the linear electron-transmission experiment. The measured TCS energy dependences show very pronounced broad enhancement, peaking near 5.5 eV for Si(CH3)4 and Ge(CH3)4 molecules and around 6.5 eV for C(CH3)4. Additional weak structures are also located at higher electron energies. We attributed the TCS features to the resonant processes involved in the electron–molecule scattering. To examine the role of permethylation in the scattering, the measured TCS energy functions for X(CH3)4 compounds (X = C, Si, Ge) have been compared to the TCS curves for XH4 molecules. Additionally, the integral elastic cross section (ECS) and ionization cross section (ICS) have been calculated from intermediate to high electron-impact energies using model methods. At energies above 50 eV, the sum of ECS and ICS for the investigated targets is in satisfactory agreement with the respective measured TCS. The computed ECS+ICS values can be used as rough estimation of TCS at energies above 300 eV.
Magnetoelectric effect induced by eddy current generated vibration in permanent magnets/PZT composites
Authors: Zuo Z. J. , Zhu M. G. , Dong S. Z. , Fang Y. K. , Zhou M. G. , Li W.
Published: March 2019

This letter proposed a series of magnetoelectric (ME) composites consisting of permanent magnets (PM) and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3(PZT) ceramic plate. The Magneto-mechanical system based on the interaction between eddy currents and PM was utilized to replace the magnetostrictive material in conventional ME composites. The ME voltage coefficients of PM/PZT ME composites along the thickness direction were measured, which were equivalent to that of Terfenol-D based ME composites along the length direction. The ME effect of π-type, L-type and Z-type PM/PZT ME composites were investigated and showed that the ME voltage coefficients can be tuned by the properties of PM and the structure of ME composites with different magnetic circuit configurations.
The discrete noise of magnons
Authors: Rumyantsev S. , Balinskiy M. , Kargar F. , Khitun A. , Balandin A. A.
Published: March 2019

We report experimental results, which show that the low-frequency noise of magnonic devices is dominated by the random telegraph signal noise rather than 1/f noise—a striking contrast to many electronic devices (f  is a frequency). It was also found that the noise level of surface magnons depends strongly on the power level, increasing sharply at the on-set of nonlinear dissipation. The presence of the random telegraph signal noise suggests that the current fluctuations involve random discrete macro events caused by an individual macro-scale fluctuator. We anticipate that our results will help in developing the next generation of magnonic devices for information processing and sensing.
Notch signalling regulates steroidogenesis in mouse ovarian granulosa cells
Authors: Wang Yishu , Lu Enhang , Bao Riqiang , Xu Ping , Feng Fen , Wen Weihui , Dong Qiming , Hu Chuan , Xiao Li , Tang Min , Li Gang , Wang Jing , Zhang Chunping
Published: March 2019

The Notch signalling pathway in the mammalian ovary regulates granulosa cell proliferation. However, the effects of Notch signalling on steroidogenesis are unclear. In this study we cultured mouse ovarian granulosa cells from preantral follicles invitro and observed the effect of Notch signalling on steroidogenesis through overexpression, knockdown and inhibition of Notch signalling. Activation of Notch signalling decreased progesterone and oestrogen secretion. In contrast, inhibition of Notch signalling increased the production of progesterone and oestrogen. Expression of the genes for steroidogenic-related enzymes, including 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, p450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme and aromatase, was repressed after stimulation of Notch signalling. The expression of upstream transcription factors, including steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), Wilms’ tumour 1 (Wt1), GATA-binding protein 4 (Gata4) and Gata6, was also inhibited after stimulation of Notch signalling. Production of interleukin (IL)-6 was positively correlated with Notch signalling and negatively correlated with the expression of these transcription factors and enzymes. In conclusion, Notch signalling regulated progesterone and oestrogen secretion by affecting the expression of upstream transcription factors SF1, Wt1, Gata4 and Gata6, as well as downstream steroidogenic-related enzymes. IL-6, which may be regulated directly by Notch signalling, may contribute to this process. Our findings add to the understanding of the diverse functions of Notch signalling in the mammalian ovary.
The Moyjil site, south-west Victoria, Australia: shells as evidence of the deposit’s origin
Authors: Sherwood John E. , McNiven Ian J. , Laurenson Laurie
Published: March 2019

Characteristics of marine shellfish and other species found in a Last Interglacial (LIG) shell deposit at Point Ritchie (Moyjil) at Warrnambool in south-western Victoria have been compared to those from modern and LIG natural beach deposits, Holocene Aboriginal middens and modern Pacific Gull (Larus pacificus) middens. The research was aimed at determining whether properties such as shell speciation, size or taphonomy could identify the mechanism responsible for formation of the Moyjil deposit. Marine species found in the Moyjil deposit resemble those found in both Aboriginal and Pacific Gull middens and are non-discriminatory for the two types. Taphonomic properties such as wear and breakage pattern of opercula of the dominant species, Lunella undulata (syn. Turbo undulatus), are non-diagnostic because of post-depositional erosion and transport effects in the available specimens. The size of L. undulata opercula show clear bias toward larger individuals, in common with Aboriginal and seabird middens, when compared to natural shell deposits. Statistical analysis (ANOVA)
of the size distributions shows a greater similarity of the Moyjil deposit to the two seabird middens than the two Aboriginal middens. Small individuals (operculum L. undulata as well as smaller shellfish species are absent from the seabird middens studied, but they are present in Aboriginal middens and in the Moyjil deposit. Overall, we conclude that shell properties alone are not sufficient to distinguish which predator collected the shellfish occurring in the deposit.
A single application of fertiliser or manure to a cropping field has limited long-term effects on soil microbial communities
Authors: Celestina C. , Sale P. W. G. , Hunt J. R. , Tang C. , Franks A. E.
Published: March 2019

A large-scale field experiment was used to investigate the long-term effects of a single application of manure or inorganic fertiliser on microbial communities in the topsoil and subsoil of a cropping field in south-west Victoria. Poultry litter (20 t ha–1) and fertiliser (with equivalent total nutrients to the manure) was either surface broadcast or deep ripped into the subsoil before sowing in 2014. Soil samples were collected from the 0–10 and 25–40cm horizons in each treatment immediately after harvest of the third successive crop in January 2017. Next-generation sequencing of the 16S and ITS rRNA genes was used to characterise the bacterial and fungal communities in the soil. Amendment type and method of placement had a limited effect on soil microbial community structure and diversity, three years after treatments were applied. Fungal communities exhibited weak responses to the poultry litter and fertiliser in comparison to a nil control, but none of the treatments had any detectable effect on bacterial communities. Differences in structure and diversity of microbial communities were overwhelmingly due to their vertical distribution in the soil profile, and not the application of different amendments to the soil by deep ripping or surface broadcasting. The strength and timing of the soil disturbance, plant selection effects and farm management history likely contributed to the lack of measurable response in the soil microbial community.
“Like us you mean?”
Authors: Williams Valerie
Published: March 2019

This chapter is about research in Disability Studies, where co-production, inclusivity and peer research are central (Barton 2005; Walmsley and Johnson 2003; Williams 1999, 2011, 2016). For instance, Williams (1999), which I will refer to as Project 1 involves disabled people and their organisations, both as researchers and researched. In emancipatory models (Oliver 1992; Zarb 1992; Barnes 2003), the notion is that disabled people are in control of the research agenda, not necessarily carrying out the research. Nevertheless, one of the arguments for the value of peer research is that a disabled researcher will be able to identify with disabled participants, and thereby produce richer data (Nind and Vinha 2014). However, as illustrated by Roulston (this volume), when interviewer and interviewee share a knowledge domain, the production of data in the interview can be problematic. This chapter adds to the notions of relative epistemic domains, by exploring the ways in which interviewer and interviewee not only attend to epistemics, but also to each other’s wider identities.
Epistemic shifts
Authors: Shelton Stephanie Anne
Published: March 2019

This chapter examines epistemic shifts over the course of one year of interviews with “Bailey,” specifically in relation to the interviewer’s tendency to praise Bailey. Initially, Bailey sought the researcher and interviewer’s advice, establishing herself as having a knowledge deficit (K-) and the interviewer as an expert (K+). In this analysis, the researcher examines the epistemic shifts partially demonstrated through Bailey’s self-praise, which established Bailey as knowledgeable and an advisor to others (K+). In this chapter, the author shows how Bailey’s K+ self-descriptors contradict conversation norms, in that individuals typically downgrade their accomplishments and abilities in talk with others. In reexamining the data, the author finds that Bailey’s self-praise was in response to the interviewer’s talk, as she actively praised Bailey and Bailey’s teaching practice throughout the data. This discussion is valuable to interview-based research both because it explores the ways that an interviewer’s interactions shape a participant’s responses and the ways that, over multiple interviews, those interactions might influence epistemic shifts in interviewer/interviewee exchanges.
Continuers in research interviews
Authors: Pope Elizabeth M.
Published: March 2019

Richards (2011) discussed the importance of understanding the role that continuers (Schegloff 1982) play in research interviews, proposing that understanding how talk is organized has been overlooked in researcher training. This paper draws from ethnomethodology and conversation analysis to explore the researcher’s use of “mm hm” as a response token in a set of three interviews conducted with one participant during a qualitative case study. Specifically, it focuses on how the use of “mm hm” as a continuer, an acknowledgement token used as a way to give attention to participant accounting, and the use of silence might contribute to the interactional accomplishment of establishing rapport. Finally, the researcher reflects on the usefulness of examining response tokens in research interviews ethnomethodologically, the implications for developing interviewing expertise, and offers suggestions for future research.
Analytic solutions to the Maxwell–London equations and levitation force for a superconducting sphere in a quadrupole field
Authors: Hofer J , Aspelmeyer M
Published: March 2019

Recent proposals suggest using magnetically trapped superconducting spheres in the Meissner state to create low-loss mechanical oscillators with long coherence times. In these proposals the derivation of the force on the superconducting sphere and the coupling to the sphere typically relies on a vanishing penetration depth λ as well as a specific symmetry (i.e. restricting the position of the sphere to one axis) or heuristic methods (e.g. assigning an equivalent point magnetic dipole moment to the sphere). In this paper we analytically solve the Maxwell–London equations with appropriate boundary conditions for a superconducting sphere in a quadrupole field. The analytic solutions provide the full field distribution for arbitrary λ and for an arbitrary sphere position as well as the distribution of shielding currents within the sphere. We furthermore calculate the force acting on the sphere and the maximum field over the volume of the sphere. We show that for a certain range of λ the maximum field experienced by the superconducting sphere is actually lower than it is for a non-magnetic sphere.
An LC-Circuit Model for Dynamics of In-Building Heat Transfer across Atrium Space
Authors: Masaki I , Susuki Y , Mezic I , Ishigame A
Published: March 2019

We develop a novel mathematical model to represent the dynamics of heat transfer across atrium space, that is, a large open space inside a building. This modeling is established by a combination of an equivalent electric-circuit equation of thermal mass and measurement data. A novel point of it is to introduce not only resistance and capacitance but also inductance to the circuit model, which is different from traditional models of thermal mass and induces the second-order equation of heat balance. We propose to use the so-called Koopman mode decomposition to estimate the values of circuit parameters from measublack time-series data. Effectiveness of the circuit model is established with a numerical simulation incorporated with geometry, structure, and time-series data on a practically-used building in Japan.
Insect Food Products in the Western World: Assessing the Potential of a New ‘Green’ Market
Authors: Collins C Matilda , Vaskou Pauline , Kountouris Yiannis
Published: March 2019

Although two billion people already eat insects in the world and the benefits of edible insects are well known, these ‘green’ sources of protein are neither treated as conventional food products nor widely incorporated into Western diets. Using a school-based investigation surveying 161 children, aged 6–15, and 114 of their parents in London, and an online consumer survey with mainly British and French consumers (N = 1,020), this research provides insights into the potential of the insect market in the West. This work supports the idea that incorporating insect food into our diets makes not only environmental but also business sense. A nonnegligible segment of the population surveyed is willing to pay for mealworm minced meat and young children and pre-teens could represent a substantial market segment, as yet unexplored. This analysis points to multiple marketing strategies, such as early exposure, education, reducing the visibility of insect parts, celebrity endorsement, or peer-to-peer marketing, all of which could facilitate the adoption of insect food in the ‘mainstream’ arena, according to the consumer segment being targeted. Generalizations from these results are restricted to an educated and youthful subset of the potential consumer pool and further work remains to understand the patterns of Western consumer acceptance for the range of insect foods.
Albumin In Situ Hybridization Can Be Positive in Adenocarcinomas and Other Tumors From Diverse Sites
Authors: Nasir Aqsa , Lehrke Heidi D , Mounajjed Taofic , Said Samar , Zhang Lizhi , Yasir Saba , Shah Sejal S , Chandan Vishal S , Smyrk Thomas C , Moreira Roger K , Boland Froemming Jennifer M , Herrera Hernandez Loren P , Wu Tsung-Teh , Graham Rondell P
Published: March 2019

Objectives

Albumin messenger RNA (mRNA) expression is a marker of hepatocellular differentiation. Most published data are from review of tissue microarrays, and albumin in situ hybridization (ISH) expression across several tumor types is incompletely characterized.

Methods

Sections from 221 tumors were evaluated for albumin mRNA. Immunohistochemistry was used to confirm diagnoses. Albumin ISH was performed according to manufacturer-provided instructions. Fifty-nine cases were evaluated with both commercial ISH assays.

Results

Albumin mRNA was detected in all hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and 81% of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. Lung (20%), gallbladder (39%), hepatoid pancreatic (n = 1 of 1) adenocarcinoma, breast invasive ductal carcinoma (18%), yolk sac tumor (25%), and acinar cell carcinoma (29%) showed expression. Both assays were concordant in 93% of cases.

Conclusions

Albumin ISH was expressed in all HCCs studied. It was also positive in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and patchy positive in gallbladder adenocarcinoma and a subset of other neoplasms, which can be a potential pitfall.
Clannishness: Jewett, Zitkala-Ša, and the Secularization of Kinship
Authors: Bentley Nancy
Published: March 2019

Scholarly critiques of the racial and imperial dimensions of domesticity have overlooked a deeper biopolitics of kinship that is tied to the secularization process. For late nineteenth-century reformers, “clannishness” names a sociological problem common to recalcitrant populations, from “uncivilized” Indians to “degenerate” Yankees and “mountain whites of the South.” But writers like Sarah Orne Jewett and Zitkala-Ša use literary resources to evade what Talal Asad calls the “grammar” of subjectivity in secular discourses. Their experiments with first-person voice uncover a transpersonal understanding of kinship that is illegible in domestic and reformist discourse.
Comparison of 1-week and 2-week recall periods for caregiver-reported diarrhoeal illness in children, using nationally representative household surveys
Authors: Overbey Katie N , Schwab Kellogg J , Exum Natalie G
Published: March 2019

Background

Diarrhoeal outcomes in children are often ascertained using caregiver-reported symptoms, which are subject to a variety of biases and methodological challenges. One source of bias is the time window used for reporting diarrhoeal illness and the ability of caregivers to accurately recall episodes in children.

Methods

Diarrhoea period prevalence in children under five was determined using two similarly administered, nationally representative household surveys: Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 (PMA2020) (1-week recall, N = 14 603) and Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) (2-week recall, N = 66 717). Countries included in the analysis were the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya and Uganda. Diarrhoea period prevalence estimates were compared and water, sanitation and hygiene risk factors were analysed.

Results

Childhood diarrhoea prevalence using 1-week recall (PMA2020) pooled across countries was 21.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 19.9%, 22.9%] versus 16.0% using 2-week recall (DHS) (95% CI: 15.4%, 16.5%). In stratified analyses for all five countries, the number of diarrhoea cases detected was consistently higher using 1-week recall versus 2-week recall. The key risk factors identified in the PMA2020 data that were not associated with diarrhoeal episodes or were attenuated in the DHS data included: the main sanitation classifications for households, disposal method used for child faeces, number of household members and wealth quintiles.

Conclusions

For nationally representative household surveys assessing childhood diarrhoea period prevalence, a 2-week recall period may underestimate diarrhoea prevalence compared with a 1-week period. The household sanitation facility and practices remain key risk factors for diarrhoeal disease in children under five.
The Delta Square Conjecture
Authors: D’Adderio Michele , Iraci Alessandro , Vanden Wyngaerd Anna
Published: March 2019

We conjecture a formula for the symmetric function $\frac{[n-k]_t}{[n]_t}\Delta _{h_m}\Delta _{e_{n-k}}\omega (p_n)$ in terms of decorated partially labelled square paths. This can be seen as a generalization of the square conjecture of Loehr and Warrington [23], recently proved by Sergel [28] after the breakthrough of Carlsson and Mellit [4]. Moreover, it extends to the square case the combinatorics of the generalized Delta conjecture of Haglund, Remmel, and Wilson [17], answering one of their questions. We support our conjecture by proving the specialization $m=q=0$, reducing it to the same case of the Delta conjecture, and the Schröder case, that is, the case $\langle \cdot ,e_{n-d}h_d\rangle $. The latter provides a broad generalization of the $q,t$-square theorem of Can and Loehr [3]. We give also a combinatorial involution, which allows to establish a linear relation among our conjectures (as well as the generalized Delta conjectures) with fixed $m$ and $n$. Finally, in the appendix, we give a new proof of the Delta conjecture at $q=0$.
Citron kinase interacts with LATS2 and inhibits its activity by occluding its hydrophobic phosphorylation motif
Authors: Tran Thi Hai Yen , Yang Dae-Wook , Kim Minchul , Lee Da-Hye , Gai Marta , Di Cunto Ferdinando , Choi Kwang-Wook , Lim Dae-Sik
Published: March 2019

The inhibitory effect of large tumor suppressor kinase (LATS1/2) on the activity of the oncoprotein yes-associated protein (YAP) is crucial to maintain tissue homeostasis. Proteomic studies have identified several new regulators of this process. Recently, citron kinase (CIT) was listed as a potential binding candidate of Hippo-related components, suggesting a new connection between CIT and the Hippo pathway. Aside from CIT’s role in cytokinesis, the molecular crosstalk between CIT and the Hippo pathway is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate a role for CIT as a scaffold protein linking LATS2 and YAP. More importantly, CIT interacts with LATS2 to directly suppress LATS2 phosphorylation at the hydrophobic motif—targeted by MST1, leading to LATS2 inactivation and YAP activation. By studying their genetic interactions, we found that Sticky, the CIT homolog in Drosophila melanogaster, functions with Warts to control Drosophila eye development. Together, our study confirms citron kinase as a novel regulator of the Hippo pathway.
First cosmology results using Type IA supernovae from the dark energy survey: effects of chromatic corrections to supernova photometry on measurements of cosmological parameters
Authors: Lasker J , Kessler R , Scolnic D , Brout D , Burke D L , D’Andrea C B , Davis T M , Hinton S R , Kim A G , Li T S , Lidman C , Macaulay E , Möller A , Rykoff E S , Sako M , Smith M , Sullivan M , Swann E , Tucker B E , Wester W , Bassett B A , Abbott T M C , Allam S , Annis J , Avila S , Bechtol K , Bertin E , Brooks D , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Castander F J , Calcino J , Carollo D , da Costa L N , Davis C , De Vicente J , Diehl H T , Doel P , Drlica-Wagner A , Flaugher B , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gaztanaga E , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , Hoormann J K , James D J , Kent S , Krause E , Kron R , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Lima M , Maia M A G , Marshall J L , Martini P , Menanteau F , Miller C J , Miquel R , Plazas A A , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith R C , Soares-Santos M , Sobreira F , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Tucker D L , Walker A R ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: March 2019

Calibration uncertainties have been the leading systematic uncertainty in recent analyses using Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) to measure cosmological parameters. To improve the calibration, we present the application of spectral energy distribution-dependent ‘chromatic corrections’ to the SN light-curve photometry from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). These corrections depend on the combined atmospheric and instrumental transmission function for each exposure, and they affect photometry at the 0.01 mag (1 per cent) level, comparable to systematic uncertainties in calibration and photometry. Fitting our combined DES and low-z SN Ia sample with baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) and cosmic microwave background (CMB) priors for the cosmological parameters Ωm (the fraction of the critical density of the universe comprised of matter) and w (the dark energy equation of state parameter), we compare those parameters before and after applying the corrections. We find the change in w and Ωm due to not including chromatic corrections is −0.002 and 0.000, respectively, for the DES-SN3YR sample with BAO and CMB priors, consistent with a larger DES-SN3YR-like simulation, which has a w-change of 0.0005 with an uncertainty of 0.008 and an Ωm change of 0.000 with an uncertainty of 0.002. However, when considering samples on individual CCDs we find large redshift-dependent biases (∼0.02 in distance modulus) for SN distances.
Substructured Population Growth in the Ashkenazi Jews Inferred with Approximate Bayesian Computation
Authors: Gladstein Ariella L , Hammer Michael F
Published: March 2019

The Ashkenazi Jews (AJ) are a population isolate sharing ancestry with both European and Middle Eastern populations that has likely resided in Central Europe since at least the tenth century. Between the 11th and 16th centuries, the AJ population expanded eastward leading to two culturally distinct communities in Western/Central and Eastern Europe. Our aim was to determine whether the western and eastern groups are genetically distinct, and if so, what demographic processes contributed to population differentiation. We used Approximate Bayesian Computation to choose among models of AJ history and to infer demographic parameter values, including divergence times, effective population sizes, and levels of gene flow. For the ABC analysis, we used allele frequency spectrum and identical by descent-based statistics to capture information on a wide timescale. We also mitigated the effects of ascertainment bias when performing ABC on SNP array data by jointly modeling and inferring SNP discovery. We found that the most likely model was population differentiation between Eastern and Western AJ ∼400 years ago. The differentiation between the Eastern and Western AJ could be attributed to more extreme population growth in the Eastern AJ (0.250 per generation) than the Western AJ (0.069 per generation).
Somatostatin in renal physiology and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Messchendorp A Lianne , Casteleijn Niek F , Meijer Esther , Gansevoort Ron T
Published: March 2019

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by progressive cyst formation, leading to growth in kidney volume and renal function decline. Although therapies have emerged, there is still an important unmet need for slowing the rate of disease progression in ADPKD. High intracellular levels of adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) are involved in cell proliferation and fluid secretion, resulting in cyst formation. Somatostatin (SST), a hormone that is involved in many cell processes, has the ability to inhibit intracellular cAMP production. However, SST itself has limited therapeutic potential since it is rapidly eliminated in vivo. Therefore analogues have been synthesized, which have a longer half-life and may be promising agents in the treatment of ADPKD. This review provides an overview of the complex physiological effects of SST, in particular renal, and the potential therapeutic role of SST analogues in ADPKD.
The Impact of Surgical Amputation and Valproic Acid on Pain and Functional Trajectory: Results from the Veterans Integrated Pain Evaluation Research (VIPER) Randomized, Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Buchheit Thomas , Hsia Hung-Lun John , Cooter Mary , Shortell Cynthia , Kent Michael , McDuffie Mary , Shaw Andrew , Buckenmaier Chester “Trip” , Van de Ven Thomas
Published: March 2019

Objective

To determine if the perioperative administration of valproic acid reduces the incidence of chronic pain three months after amputation or revision surgery.

Design

Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Setting

Academic, military, and veteran medical centers.

Subjects

One hundred twenty-eight patients undergoing amputation or amputation revision surgery at Duke University Hospital, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, or the Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center for either medical disease or trauma.

Methods

Patients were randomized to placebo or valproic acid for the duration of hospitalization and treated with multimodal analgesic care, including regional anesthetic blockade. Primary outcome was the proportion of patients with chronic pain at three months (average numeric pain score intensity of 3/10 or greater). Secondary outcomes included functional trajectories (assessed with the Brief Pain Inventory short form and the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale).

Results

The overall rate of chronic pain was 68.2% in the 107 patients who completed the end point assessment. There was no significant effect of perioperative valproic acid administration, with a rate of 65.45% (N = 36) in the treatment group and a rate of 71.15% (N = 37) in the placebo group. Overall, pain scores decreased from baseline to follow-up (median = –2 on the numeric pain scale). Patients additionally experienced improvements in self-perceived function.

Conclusions

The rate of chronic pain after amputation surgery is not significantly improved with the perioperative administration of valproic acid. In this cohort treated with multimodal perioperative analgesia and regional anesthetic blockade, we observed improvements in both pain severity and function.
Diffusionless (chemically partitionless) crystallization and subsequent decomposition of supersaturated solid solutions in Sn–Bi eutectic alloy
Authors: Gusakova Olga V. , Galenko Peter K. , Shepelevich Vasiliy G. , Alexandrov Dmitri V. , Rettenmayr Markus
Published: March 2019

Results of a study on microstructural evolution of eutectic Sn-57 wt.% Bi processed with cooling rates of 10−2, 1 K s−1and approximately 105 K s−1are presented. In order to distinguish different mechanisms of microstructure formation, a comparison with microstructures of different hypoeutectic alloys with compositions down to below the maximum solubility of Bi in Sn–Bi is undertaken. It is found that at the cooling rates of 10−2and 1 K s−1, coupled eutectic growth occurs, leading to lamellar structures with different length scales. At the rapid quenching rates of approximately 105 K s−1, structure formation in the eutectic alloy is qualitatively different. Partitionless solidification resulting in a supersaturated solid solution with the initial composition is observed in both eutectic and hypoeutectic alloys. It is shown that the observed microstructure of the rapidly solidified alloys forms by the decomposition of the supersaturated solid solution.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Heterogeneous materials: metastable and non-ergodic internal structures’.
Experimental and modelling studies for solidification of undercooled Ni–Fe–Si alloys
Authors: Mohan Dasari , Phanikumar Gandham
Published: March 2019

We present experimental results, analytical calculations and phase-field simulations for undercooled Ni–Fe–Si alloy system. Undercooling experiments are performed using flux encapsulation along with
in situ
measurement of recalescence speed using a high-speed camera followed by microstructural characterization. Dendrite growth calculations are performed using a modified Boettinger, Coriell and Trivedi theory to incorporate constitutional undercooling due to multiple segregating elements and a modified kinetic undercooling term. Phase-field simulations are performed using a multi-component phase-field model to generate dendrites in this alloy. High growth velocities are observed and the analytical calculations are in good agreement with experiments. The microstructure evolution from the phase-field simulations indicates that there is a difference in solute segregation during growth of dendrites.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Heterogeneous materials: metastable and non-ergodic internal structures’.