bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La «presidencia imperial» y su evolución en la estructura constitucional de los Estados Unidos de América
Authors: Mendieta David , Calderón-Valencia Felipe
Published: April 2019

Este artículo analiza el concepto de «presidencia imperial» en el derecho constitucional de los Estados Unidos de América desde una perspectiva histórico-institucional. Este análisis se plantea, primero, desde los fundamentos jus-filosóficos del constitucionalismo norteamericano y, segundo, desde el devenir del gobierno presidencial. La bipartición responde la pregunta sobre los límites, institucionales y reales tiene la Presidencia. Se observa que estos no son suficientes, pues las órdenes ejecutivas promueven el protagonismo del Presidente, permitiendo a aquel país transformarse en una gran potencia. Se concluye que la «presidencia imperial» se opone a la república moderada de los Padres Fundadores; la desestructuración de los límites al poder ejecutivo siempre se ajusta a los hechos y avatares del poder político.
Prove It to Me!
Authors: Boaler Jo
Published: April 2019

Engage your learners through tasks proven to significantly promote reasoning and problem solving, which touch on many of the Mathematics Teaching Practices in Principles to Actions: Ensuring Mathematical Success for All. These tasks are discussed in this article, another installment in the series.
GIS analysis of geological surfaces orientations: the qgSurf plugin for QGIS
Authors: Alberti Mauro
Published: April 2019

GIS techniques enable the quantitative analysis of geological structures. In particular, topographic traces of geological lineaments can be compared with the theoretical ones for geological planes, to determine the best fitting theoretical planes. qgSurf, a Python plugin for QGIS, implements this kind of processing, in addition to the determination of the best-fit plane to a set of topographic points, the calculation of the distances between topographic traces and geological planes and also basic stereonet plottings. By applying these tools to a case study of a Cenozoic thrust lineament in the Southern Apennines (Calabria, Southern Italy), we deduce the approximate orientations of the lineament in different fault-delimited sectors and calculate the misfits between the theoretical orientations and the actual topographic traces.
Preceptoria: perspectivas e desafios na Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde
Authors: Souza Sanay Vitorino de , Ferreira Beatriz Jansen
Published: April 2019

Introdução: Os preceptores são profissionais do serviço/assistência que, aliado a um conhecimento pedagógico, acompanham o desenvolvimento profissional de futuros profissionais de saúde. Objetivo: Analisar a percepção sobre a atividade de preceptoria quanto aos desafios e perspectivas no Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde (PRMS). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo quanti-qualitativo baseado na construção e validação de uma escala Atitudinal do tipo Likert. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos foram organizados em quatro dimensões: (D1) Preceptoria como fator contributivo para o processo de formação em saúde; (D2) Formação do preceptor e as competências para o exercício da preceptoria; (D3) A articulação da teoria/prática na atividade de preceptoria no programa de residência multiprofissional em saúde e (D4) Características do preceptor ideal. Conclusão: Constatou-se que o preceptor ao ampliar seu repertório técnico/profissional e pedagógico, estará favorecendo também a articulação da teoria com a prática.
Alta frequência dos fatores de risco à oclusão dentária entre escolares no município de Petrópolis: um estudo transversal
Authors: Fonseca Claudia Salvini Barbosa Martins da , March Maria de Fátima Pombo , Costa Lilian Teresinha , Sant’Anna Clemax Couto
Published: April 2019

Introdução: A má oclusão dentária tem origem multifatorial, logo é difícil definir estratégicas específicas de como preveni-la. A respiração bucal e certos hábitos de sucção, se persistir por mais de 36 meses, podem influenciar de forma negativa. Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco à oclusão dentária como: respiração bucal e hábitos de sucção em escolares de 8 a 10 anos de idade em Petrópolis, RJ. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, de caráter descritivo. Incluídos escolares de ambos os sexos, 8 a 10 anos, matriculados em sete escolas municipais de Petrópolis. Distribuído aos escolares o protocolo para a identificação da criança respiradora bucal e o questionário sobre hábitos de sucção (mamadeira, chupeta e dedo). Resultados: Foram avaliados 377 protocolos para a identificação de criança respiradora bucal e 377 questionários sobre hábitos de sucção. Nos protocolos foram referidos sintomas como: dormir de boca aberta em 193 (51,2%), babar no travesseiro em 172 (45,6%), roncos em 131 (34,7%) e obstrução nasal diária em 118 (31,2%). Ao aplicar os critérios de Abreu, constatou-se uma frequência de 243 (64%) respiradores bucais e 134 (36%) respiradores nasais. Ao avaliar os 377 questionários sobre os hábitos de sucção encontraram-se: 276 (73%) crianças com hábitos de sucção e 101 (27%) sem tais hábitos. Dos 276 escolares que tiveram hábitos de sucção, houve persistência destes hábitos acima de três anos e 11 meses em 149 crianças (54%). Conclusão: Encontrada uma alta frequência de respiradores bucais e de crianças com hábitos de sucção.
Tropical Pyomyositis: diabetes facilitating the onset of an uncommon disease
Authors: Lima Sylvia Rannyelle Teixeira , Lima João Kennedy Teixeira , Macedo Indira Ravena Pereira Alves Fernandes , Peixoto Jaíne Dantas , Ribeiro Débora Laésia Sariava , Barbosa Maria Mirelle Ferreira Leite , Aquino Márcia Meyrilane De Alencar , Lima Júnior Antonio Leonel De
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Tropical pyomyositis is an infectious disease that affects skeletal muscle and may appear as a diffuse inflammation or a rapidly progressive myonecrotic process. The predisposition of this disease in diabetics is already mentioned in several studies. The pathogenesis is possibly related to changes in neutrophils and the reversal of the immune response pattern that occurs in situations such as parasitic diseases. "Staphylococcus aureus" is the most common microorganism, accounting for 90% of cases of tropical pyomyositis. The diagnosis is sometimes late because patients usually do not seek care by the first symptoms, and because it is a rare disease and physicians are not very familiar with it. Case report: A 42-year-old male patient with diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hypoalbuminemia developed tropical pyomyositis with multiple muscle abscesses in quadriceps, soleus and anterior tibial, triceps and biceps brachialis and pronator round, requiring prolonged antibiotic therapy and surgical drainage. Conclusion: Pyomyositis is a little known disease and if not diagnosed early can be fatal.
Educação permanente em equipe multidisciplinar de um programa gerontológico: concepções, desafios e possibilidades
Authors: Meneses Irinéa Gomes , Alves Junior Edmundo De Drummond , Santos Angela Brêtas Gomes dos , Pereira Audrey Vidal , Domingos Ana Maria , Corvino Marcos Paulo Fonseca
Published: April 2019

Introdução: O aumento progressivo da população idosa e das enfermidades crônicas torna cada vez mais prioritário a educação permanente dos profissionais de saúde visando o atendimento das necessidades dos idosos. Objetivo: Conhecer as concepções da equipe multiprofissional e de gestores sobre Educação Permanente de um Programa de Assistência Integral à Pessoa Idosa. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. O cenário foi um Programa Gerontológico desenvolvido em um Instituto de Atenção à Saúde de uma Universidade Pública, no município do Rio de Janeiro. Os participantes foram 10 profissionais de saúde incluindo os gestores do referido programa. Foi utilizado como técnica de coleta de dados o grupo focal, cujas reflexões ocorreram a partir de análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados: A pesquisa permitiu a construção de duas categorias: 1) Educação Permanente como movimento de atualização profissional e 2) Educação Permanente: aproximando o interesse pessoal, iniciativa institucional e necessidades dos usuários. Pode-se observar que a educação permanente ocorre a partir da identificação de problemas cotidianos e necessidades dos serviços e usuários do sistema de saúde, que se envolve com a responsabilidade de melhorar as condições de saúde da população de idosos atendida. Conclusão: O estudo contribuiu para uma reflexão que se traduza na organização do processo de trabalho e na busca pelo aprimoramento da prática assistencial qualificada e resolutiva, com vistas à operacionalização futura de processos de Educação Permanente.
CULTURE AND THE MODERN INDIVIDUAL IN JUDE DIBIA’S A LIFE IN FULL AND MOLARA WOOD’S INDIGO
Authors: MBA Onwukah B. ORJI- , NWIYI Joy I.
Published: April 2019

The modern individual in Nigeria, a creation of western education and culture, is constantly in a struggle with the hegemonic indigenous culture, causing him/her to grapple with the prescriptions of the western lifestyle and the stringent demands of Nigerian culture. Jude Dibia‟s “A Life in Full” and Molara Wood‟s “Indigo” contain ancient and modern cultural practices and the challenges they present to the educated young people, whose exposure to foreign culture and education intensifies their struggle with the status quo. This paper uses the postmodernist argument to examine this conflict between the centre (indigenous culture) and the periphery (the modern individual), as the latter is on a mission to decentre Culture in order to establish itself as a centred subject in the two short stories. It analyses the psychological struggle by the educated Nigerians to challenge the grand narratives of culture. The paper reveals that, whereas in “A Life in Full” the individual topples the centre, in “Indigo” it is the hegemonic centre that overwhelms and suppresses the educated individual. The paper concludes that the educated Nigerian is constantly in a conflict between Self and Other from which s/he emerges redefined.
KERIS AS A CULTURE TEXT: HERMENEUTICS REVIEW OF PUSAKA KERIS MAGAZINE
Authors: Wijayanto Eko
Published: April 2019

Keris production has now passed its golden age in the kingdom. Keris is no longer understood as a stab weapon, but a symbol of social status. The owner of a keris is usually limited to the court environment and collectors. This is why the existence of the keris as an artifact and cultural heritage has shifted. The interpretation of the meaning of keris as a national cultural heritage that has aesthetic value and a symbol of social status has become an interesting object of study. This paper is the result of research that criticizes the paradigm that only views keris as a mystical object. This research examines the understanding of the keris in Pusaka Keris magazine by using the hermeneutic method in an effort to reconstruct and reproduce the meaning of keris in the interpretation circle.
Alcoholism gender differences in brain responsivity to emotional stimuli
Authors: Sawyer Kayle S , Maleki Nasim , Urban Trinity , Marinkovic Ksenija , Karson Steven , Ruiz Susan M , Harris Gordon J , Oscar-Berman Marlene
Published: April 2019

Men and women may use alcohol to regulate emotions differently, with corresponding differences in neural responses. We explored how the viewing of different types of emotionally salient stimuli impacted brain activity observed through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) from 42 long-term abstinent alcoholic (25 women) and 46 nonalcoholic (24 women) participants. Analyses revealed blunted brain responsivity in alcoholic compared to nonalcoholic groups, as well as gender differences in those activation patterns. Brain activation in alcoholic men (ALCM) was significantly lower than in nonalcoholic men (NCM) in regions including rostral middle and superior frontal cortex, precentral gyrus, and inferior parietal cortex, whereas activation was higher in alcoholic women (ALCW) than in nonalcoholic women (NCW) in superior frontal and supramarginal cortical regions. The reduced brain reactivity of ALCM, and increases for ALCW, highlighted divergent brain regions and gender effects, suggesting possible differences in the underlying basis for development of alcohol use disorders.
The impact of bilateral ongoing activity on evoked responses in mouse cortex
Authors: Shimaoka Daisuke , Steinmetz Nicholas A , Harris Kenneth D , Carandini Matteo
Published: April 2019

In the absence of external stimuli or overt behavior, the activity of the left and right cortical hemispheres shows fluctuations that are largely bilateral. Here, we show that these fluctuations are largely responsible for the variability observed in cortical responses to sensory stimuli. Using widefield imaging of voltage and calcium signals, we measured activity in the cortex of mice performing a visual detection task. Bilateral fluctuations invested all areas, particularly those closest to the midline. Activity was less bilateral in the monocular region of primary visual cortex and, especially during task engagement, in secondary motor cortex. Ongoing bilateral fluctuations dominated unilateral visual responses, and interacted additively with them, explaining much of the variance in trial-by-trial activity. Even though these fluctuations occurred in regions necessary for the task, they did not affect detection behavior. We conclude that bilateral ongoing activity continues during visual stimulation and has a powerful additive impact on visual responses.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: a population-based analysis
Authors: Yuan Guangda , Zhan Cheng , Huang Yiwei , Zhu Donglin , Xie Hongya , Wei Tengteng , Lu Tao , Wang Qun , Yang Yong , Zhu Yimeng
Published: April 2019

Background

This study analyzed the clinical features and prognosis of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (BSC), and constructed a nomogram to predict the prognoses of patients.

Methods

The information of pure BSC patients was obtained in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2004 and 2015. Then, it was evaluated, and compared with the data of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), lung large cell carcinoma (LCC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) patients. Subsequently, we used univariate and multivariate analyses to investigate the independent factors related to the prognoses of patients with BSC and constructed a nomogram to verify the prognoses.

Results

A total of 425 patients diagnosed with BSC were enrolled. Compared with patients with SCC, LCC and LAC, the mean survival time of BSC patients was better than all of them. Compared with SCC, there were significant differences between the characteristics of grade (P < 0.001), total stage (P < 0.001), T stage (P < 0.001), N stage (P < 0.001), M stage (P < 0.001), surgery (P < 0.001), radiotherapy (P < 0.001), and chemotherapy (P < 0.001), while BSC also had significantly different clinical characteristics from LCC and LAC. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses showed that age (P < 0.001), T stage (P < 0.001), N stage (P = 0.009), M stage (P < 0.001), and surgery (P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors of BSC. The survival of patients undergoing lobectomy was significantly better than sublobar resection, with an OR of 0.389 (0.263–0.578). We constructed a nomogram with a C-index of 0.750 (95% confidence interval) based on the results of multivariate analysis. The calibration curves based on nomogram scores indicated that the nomogram could accurately predict the prognosis of patients.

Conclusions

BSC had unique clinical and prognostic features. T stage, N stage, M stage, age, and surgery were independently associated with overall survival (OS). Lobectomy was a relative ideal choice for patients with BSC. The nomogram effectively predicted the OS at 1-, 3-, and 5-years.
A Review of the Application of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in Wild Terrestrial Vertebrate Research
Authors: Arumugam Ramitha , Uli Joey Ee , Annavi Geetha
Published: April 2019

In era of sequencing revolution, scientists seek for knowledge about the ever-expanding field of technology, Next Generation Sequence (NGS) to be applied in their research due to its high reliability and rate of discovery. What is NGS? To obtain a detailed understanding about NGS, it is required to look back the history of sequencing and how the NGS stepped into life science. This review paper gives an overview of NGS projects in wild terrestrial vertebrate including applications such as whole genome sequencing and metagenomics.
Solution‐Phase Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Films on 2D Material Flakes for High‐Performance Solar Cells
Authors: Tang Guanqi , You Peng , Tai Qidong , Yang Anneng , Cao Jiupeng , Zheng Fangyuan , Zhou Zhiwen , Zhao Jiong , Chan Paddy Kwok Leung , Yan Feng
Published: April 2019

The quality of perovskite films is critical to the performance of perovskite solar cells. However, it is challenging to control the crystallinity and orientation of solution‐processed perovskite films. Here, solution‐phase van der Waals epitaxy growth of MAPbI3 perovskite films on MoS2 flakes is reported. Under transmission electron microscopy, in‐plane coupling between the perovskite and the MoS2 crystal lattices is observed, leading to perovskite films with larger grain size, lower trap density, and preferential growth orientation along (110) normal to the MoS2 surface. In perovskite solar cells, when perovskite active layers are grown on MoS2 flakes coated on hole‐transport layers, the power conversion efficiency is substantially enhanced for 15%, relatively, due to the increased crystallinity of the perovskite layer and the improved hole extraction and transfer rate at the interface. This work paves a way for preparing high‐performance perovskite solar cells and other optoelectronic devices by introducing 2D materials as interfacial layers.
Spatial Mapping of Hot‐Spots at Lateral Heterogeneities in Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Yasaei Poya , Murthy Akshay A. , Xu Yaobin , dos Reis Roberto , Shekhawat Gajendra S. , Dravid Vinayak P.
Published: April 2019

Lateral heterogeneities in atomically thin 2D materials such as in‐plane heterojunctions and grain boundaries (GBs) provide an extrinsic knob for manipulating the properties of nano‐ and optoelectronic devices and harvesting novel functionalities. However, these heterogeneities have the potential to adversely affect the performance and reliability of the 2D devices through the formation of nanoscopic hot‐spots. In this report, scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) is utilized to map the spatial distribution of the temperature rise within monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) devices upon dissipating a high electrical power through a lateral interface. The results directly demonstrate that lateral heterojunctions between MoS2 and WS2 do not largely impact the distribution of heat dissipation, while GBs of MoS2 appreciably localize heating in the device. High‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals that the atomic structure is nearly flawless around heterojunctions but can be quite defective near GBs. The results suggest that the interfacial atomic structure plays a crucial role in enabling uniform charge transport without inducing localized heating. Establishing such structure–property‐processing correlation provides a better understanding of lateral heterogeneities in 2D TMD systems which is crucial in the design of future all‐2D electronic circuitry with enhanced functionalities, lifetime, and performance.
Catalyst‐Selective Growth of Single‐Orientation Hexagonal Boron Nitride toward High‐Performance Atomically Thin Electric Barriers
Authors: Wang Shengnan , Dearle Alice E. , Maruyama Mina , Ogawa Yui , Okada Susumu , Hibino Hiroki , Taniyasu Yoshitaka
Published: April 2019

The ability to control the crystal orientation of 2D van der Waals (vdW) layered materials grown on large‐scale substrates is crucial for tailoring their electrical properties, as well as for integration of functional 2D devices. In general, multiple orientations, i.e., two or four orientations, appear through the crystal rotational symmetry matching between the material and its substrate. Here, it is reported that hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), an ideal electric barrier in the family of 2D materials, has a single orientation on inclined Cu (1 0 1) surfaces, where the Cu planes are tilted from the (1 0 1) facet around specific in‐plane axes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation indicates that this is a manifestation of only one favored h‐BN orientation with the minimum vdW energy on the inclined Cu (1 0 1) surface. Moreover, thanks to the high interfacial strength with the underlying Cu, the single‐orientation h‐BN is free of thermal wrinkles, and exhibits a spatially homogeneous morphology and tunnel conductance. The findings point to a feasible approach to direct growth of single‐orientation, wrinkle‐free h‐BN thin film for high‐performance 2D electrical devices, and will be of benefit for controllable synthesis of other vdW materials.
Demonstration of a White Laser with V2C MXene‐Based Quantum Dots
Authors: Huang Dapeng , Xie Ying , Lu Dazhi , Wang Zeyan , Wang Jiyang , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin
Published: April 2019

Multicolor photoluminescence over the full visible color spectrum is critical in many modern science and techniques, such as full‐color lighting, displays, biological and chemical monitoring, multiband communication, etc., but the ultimate white lasing especially on the nanoscale is still a challenge due to its exacting requirements in the balance of the gain and optical feedback at different wavelengths. Recently, 2D transition metal carbides (MXenes) have emerged, with some superior chemical, physical, and environmental properties distinguishing them from traditional 2D materials. Here, a white laser with V2C MXene quantum dots (MQDs) is originally demonstrated by constructing a broadband nonlinear random scattering system with enhanced gain. The excitation‐dependent photoluminescence of V2C MQDs is enhanced by passivation and characterized, and their localized nonlinear random scattering is realized by the generation of excitation‐power‐dependent solvent bubbles. With the optimized excitation, the blue, green, yellow, and red light is amplified and simultaneously lased. This work not only provides a kind of promising material for white lasers, but also a design strategy of novel photonics for further applications.
Responsive Amorphous Photonic Structures of Spherical/Polyhedral Colloidal Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Bai Ling , He Yuheng , Zhou Jiajing , Lim Yun , Mai Van Cuong , Chen Yonghao , Hou Shuai , Zhao Yue , Zhang Jun , Duan Hongwei
Published: April 2019

Amorphous photonic structures (APSs) with isotropic structural colors are of great promise for creating reflective full‐color displays or responsive colorimetric devices. However, there is a lack of guiding principles in developing stimuli‐responsive functional APSs, and the building blocks of APSs are still limited to spherical particles despite the increasing emergence of anisotropic functional particles. Moreover, current production of APSs, in particular high‐resolution APS patterns, is not fundamentally compatible with industrial manufacturing technologies, forming a major barrier toward their applications. Presented here is a proof‐of‐concept study on scalable fabrication of responsive APSs by colloidal assembly of spherical/polyhedral metal‐organic framework (MOF) particles on liquid‐permeable substrates. It is shown that infiltration assisted Mayer rod coating allows for rapid production of customized multicolored structural color patterns of MOF APSs by controlling liquid wetting/infiltration on the substrate with printed wax coatings. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering and optical measurements reveal the structural parameters of MOF APSs such as average nearest interscattering spacing and particle packing density, theoretically relating the optical properties and responsive color shifts of MOF APSs to factors affecting their scattering profile, which provides the guideline for the development of smart APS photonic devices via a wide spectrum of colloidal particles for diverse applications.
Efficient Access to 2‐Pyrones via Carbene‐Catalyzed Oxidative [3+3] Reactions between Enals and Nitrogen Ylides
Authors: Zheng Pengcheng , Li Chengcheng , Mou Chengli , Pan Dingwu , Wu Shuquan , Xue Wei , Jin Zhichao , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: April 2019

Pyrones are important structural units in natural products and synthetic functional molecules. Here, we report a carbene‐catalyzed oxidative [3+3] cycloaddition reaction between enals and nitrogen ylides for quick access to 2‐pyrones. Inexpensive and easily prepared 2′‐pyridinium acetophenone bromide salts are used as precursors of pyridinium ylides to react with enals in our catalytic reactions.
Rapid and visual detection of berberine hydrochloride based on a water‐soluble pyrene derivative
Authors: Guo Mingwei , Li Weijie , Sun Yanan , Xu Huimin , Fan Yiling , Ma Liyan , Huang Kunlun , Yao Zhiyi
Published: April 2019

In this study, a rapid method for the detection of berberine hydrochloride (BRH) was developed based on a water‐soluble pyrenyl probe, 8‐hydroxypyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonic acid (HPTS). This method features low cost, good selectivity, high sensitivity and a fast response. The sensing mechanism of this probe is attributed to the formation of a complex between HPTS and BRH induced by electrostatic interaction and π–π stacking. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first fluorescent sensor for BRH based on organic materials that has low cost and a visual response. The detection limit of this method was as low as 1.24 μM and the linear response range is 2–50 μM. This method also allowed rapid detection of BRH real samples.
HBV mutations in EnhII/BCP/PC region contribute to the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ge Zijun , Tian Ting , Meng Lijuan , Song Ci , Yu Chengxiao , Xu Xin , Liu Jibin , Dai Juncheng , Hu Zhibin
Published: April 2019

Background

Accompanied by HBV infection, HBV mutations gradually occur because HBV polymerase appears proofread deficiencies. In our previous study, we have identified that EnhII/BCP/PC mutations and genotype C of HBV DNA were associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. In this study, we extend our research to explore HCC prognosis associated genotype and mutations in EnhII/BCP/PC regions.

Methods

We designed a case‐cohort study of 331 HCC patients to evaluate the effects of the HBV genotypes and mutations on HCC survival. Log‐rank test and Cox proportional hazard models were used for the analyses.

Results

Results showed that genotype C, which was more frequent in HBV‐related HCC (77.4%), presented a negative signal with HCC survival. Interestingly, we detected a significant association between EnhII/BCP/PC mutation nt1753 and HCC prognosis (Log‐rank P = 0.034). Subgroup analysis revealed that this risk effect was more pronounced in non‐B genotype (P = 0.090 for heterogeneity test). We also detected a borderline multiplicative interaction between genotypes of nt1753 and HBV genotype on HCC survival (P for interaction = 0.069).

Conclusions

These findings indicated that, in Chinese population, nt1753 in EnhII/BCP/PC region might be a novel marker for HCC prognosis.
Development of Highly Selective Support for CO Hydrogenation to Light Olefins with Partially Passivated Iron Catalysts
Authors: Xing Yu , Jia Gaopeng , Liu Zhenxin , Fang Shaoming , Zhao Chenxi , Guo Xuehui , Suib Steven L.
Published: April 2019

To rule out disturbances from water‐soluble efficient promoters (e. g., K2O or combination of S/Na), a simplified iron/support catalyst system was employed to investigate novel supports for the catalytic conversion of syngas (CO+H2) to light olefins (FTO). A series of supports with nominal compositions of ZnAl2O4 ⋅ xAl2O3 (x=1, 2, 3) were prepared by coprecipitation and subsequent high temperature calcination at 1200 °C for 24 h to generate partially passivated ZnAl2O4 and Al2O3 phases, through which each formed component of a catalyst may minimize interactions among them and exhibit unique activity. Iron catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness of iron salts over these supports. At a total pressure of ca. 20 bar and a CO conversion of 35 %, a catalyst with a nominal composition of 15 %Fe/85 %(ZnAl2O4 ⋅ 3Al2O3) exhibits a surprising C2=‐C4= hydrocarbon distribution of 58 %, which reaches a huge increase by almost 100 % in comparison with iron catalysts over regular supports (e. g., carbon, gamma‐Al2O3, etc.). This catalyst demonstrates the 1200 °C passivated ZnAl2O4 ⋅ 3Al2O3 as probably the most selective support material for iron‐based FTO catalysts. At CO conversion of 35 %, the contents of ethylene in C2, propylene in C3, and butylene in C4 products achieve extraordinary values of 82 %, 92 %, and 91 %, respectively.
Ni/La2O3 Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane: Insights into the Factors Improving the Catalytic Performance
Authors: Xu Luoji , Liu Wenming , Zhang Xin , Tao Lele , Xia Lianghui , Xu Xianglan , Song Junwei , Zhou Wufeng , Fang Xiuzhong , Wang Xiang
Published: April 2019

To understand the structure‐reactivity relationship of Ni/La2O3, and eventually get more applicable catalysts for DRM, glycine nitrate combustion (GNC), precipitation (PP) and thermal decomposition (TD) methods have been used to prepare La2O3 supports. Although all the supports possess a hexagonal La2O3 phase, their bulk and surface properties are significantly changed. By using them as supports, the interactions between NiO/Ni and La2O3 are varied, thus achieving Ni/La2O3 catalysts with different activity, stability and anti‐coking ability, which follow the order of 5Ni/La2O3‐GNC>5Ni/La2O3‐PP>5Ni/La2O3‐TD. On La2O3 having a higher surface area, a catalyst with a higher active metallic Ni surface area can be achieved. Therefore, the interfaces between Ni and La2O2CO3 can be enlarged, which effectively facilitates the reaction between carbon deposits and the La2O2CO3 formed during the DRM, thus preventing the accumulation of both and keeping the catalyst surface clean, active and stable. In addition, the amount of surface alkaline and active oxygen sites of the reduced catalysts obey the order of 5Ni/La2O3‐GNC>5Ni/La2O3‐PP>5Ni/La2O3‐TD, which is well consistent with the reaction performance. Therefore, these two factors are also believed to be critical to decide the reaction performance. It is concluded that Ni/La2O3 catalysts with high activity, stability and potent anti‐coking ability for DRM can be achieved by preparing catalysts with high Ni dispersion.
A Reusable Cobalt Catalyst for Reversible Acceptorless Dehydrogenation and Hydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Jaiswal Garima , Subaramanian Murugan , Sahoo Manoj K. , Balaraman Ekambaram
Published: April 2019

The development of robust catalytic systems based on base‐metals for reversible acceptorless dehydrogenation (ADH) and hydrogenation of feedstock chemicals is very important in the context of ‘hydrogen storage’. Herein, we report a highly efficient reusable cobalt‐based heterogeneous catalyst for reversible dehydrogenation and hydrogenation of N‐heterocycles. Both the ADH and the hydrogenation processes operate under mild, benign conditions.
N‐Methylation of N‐Methylaniline with Carbon Dioxide and Molecular Hydrogen over a Heterogeneous Non‐Noble Metal Cu/TiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Liu Ke , Zhao Zhenbo , Lin Weiwei , Liu Qiang , Wu Qifan , Shi Ruhui , Zhang Chao , Cheng Haiyang , Arai Masahiko , Zhao Fengyu
Published: April 2019

A non‐noble heterogeneous catalyst of Cu/TiO2 was prepared for N‐methylation of N‐methylaniline (MA) with CO2 and H2. 5 wt.–% Cu loaded TiO2 (P25) catalyst exhibited a high performance, with 82 % MA conversion and 98 % N,N‐dimethylaniline (DMA) selectivity under the reaction conditions used (4 MPa H2, 2 MPa CO2, 180 °C, 36 h). The Cu/TiO2 catalyst was more effective with respective to the total conversion and the DMA selectivity as compared to 5 wt.–% Cu loaded catalysts on CeO2, ZnO and activated carbon materials. The possible active species of Cu/TiO2 catalyst should be both Cu+ and Cu0 which contributed to the high activity as the reaction conversion increased linearly with them exposed on the surface of catalyst. Moreover, the reaction pathways involved were studied; it was likely that the reaction took place via an intermediate of formaldehyde that was formed from CO2 and H2, as confirmed by in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, then it reacted with MA to give N‐methylformanilide (MFA), and finally MFA was hydrogenated to DMA.
Ferroelectric Oxides for Solar Energy Conversion, Multi‐Source Energy Harvesting/Sensing, and Opto‐Ferroelectric Applications
Authors: Bai Yang , Jantunen Heli , Juuti Jari
Published: April 2019

Photoferroelectrics belong to a unique material family that exhibits both photovoltaic and ferroelectric effects simultaneously. The photovoltaic effect is the only known direct method of converting light into electricity and is the basis of solar cells. The ferroelectric effect can induce piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects, which are the working principles of widely used kinetic and thermal sensors, transducers, actuators, and energy harvesters. For a long time, photoferroelectric research was restricted to theoretical investigations only because of either the wide band gap (Eg), which is not able to effectively absorb visible light, or to the weak ferroelectricity caused by a narrow Eg. Recent scientific breakthroughs, however, have opened doors for the development of practical applications. In this article, emerging concepts of creating balanced photovoltaic and ferroelectric properties for photoferroelectrics, as well as those of novel applications in future devices, are presented.
Monitoring the eradication of the highly invasive topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) using a novel eDNA assay
Authors: Robinson Chloe Victoria , Garcia de Leaniz Carlos , Rolla Matteo , Consuegra Sofia
Published: April 2019

Aquatic invasive species (AIS) represent an important threat for Biodiversity and are one of the factors determining the ecological integrity of water bodies under the Water Framework Directive. Eradication is one of the most effective tools for the management of invasive species but has important economic and ecological trade‐offs and its success needs to be carefully monitored. We assessed the eradication success of the topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva), an invasive fish that poses significant risks to endemic aquatic fauna, in four ponds previously treated with the piscicide Rotenone using a novel qPCR‐based environmental DNA (eDNA) assay. We validated the assay through successfully detecting DNA from topmouth gudgeon in two reservoirs with physically confirmed topmouth gudgeon populations. Topmouth gudgeon were detected in all four treated ponds using 750 ml water samples and in three of the ponds using 15 ml samples, despite the eradication treatment and lack of successful detection using conventional trapping methods. Our results highlight the difficulties of eradicating invasive fish and the need to incorporate reliable monitoring methods as part of a risk management strategy under the water framework directive (WFD).
Diabetes alters immune response patterns to acute melioidosis in humans
Authors: Kronsteiner Barbara , Chaichana Panjaporn , Sumonwiriya Manutsanun , Jenjaroen Kemajitra , Chowdhury Fazle Rabbi , Chumseng Suchintana , Teparrukkul Prapit , Limmathurotsakul Direk , Day Nicholas P.J. , Klenerman Paul , Dunachie Susanna J.
Published: April 2019

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious global health problem currently affecting over 450 million people worldwide. Defining its interaction with major global infections is an international public health priority. Melioidosis is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, an exemplar pathogen for studying intracellular bacterial infection in the context of DM due to the 12‐fold increased risk in this group. We characterized immune correlates of survival in peripheral blood of acute melioidosis patients with and without DM and highlight different immune response patterns. We demonstrate the importance of circulating NK cells and show that CX3CR1 expression on lymphocytes is a novel correlate of survival from acute melioidosis. Furthermore, excessive serum levels of IL‐15 and IL‐18BP contribute to poor outcome independent of DM comorbidity. CD8+ T cells and granzyme B expression in NK cells are important for survival of non‐DM patients, whereas high antibody titers against B. pseudomallei and double‐negative T cells are linked to survival of DM patients. Recall responses support a role of γδ T‐cell‐derived IFN‐γ in the establishment of protective immunity in the DM group. Defining the hallmarks of protection in people with DM is crucial for the design of new therapies and vaccines targeting this rapidly expanding risk group.
Sustainable Development Goal Integration, Interdependence, and Implementation: the Environment–Economic–Health Nexus and Universal Health Coverage
Authors: Cerf Marlon E.
Published: April 2019

The sustainable development goals (SDGs) are interdependent and integrated. The SDGs aim to impact all levels of society, reach across all sectors, embrace equity, inclusion, and universality, and operate in an ecosystem. SDG 3 strives to improve health outcomes by reducing mortality, ending epidemics, preventing diseases, and implementing universal health coverage (UHC) for accessible, affordable, quality, and equitable healthcare. The available infrastructure (environment) should be supportive and sustained by a stable, growing economy (economy) to ensure the timely and reliable delivery of quality healthcare (health). A general framework is presented for the implementation of the SDGs with a focus on SDG 3 and one of its targets, UHC. The robustly aligned environment–economic–health nexus is a key determinant for the successful implementation of UHC (and the SDGs). SDG implementation presents multiple convoluted challenges at national, regional, continental, and global levels but will ultimately yield rewards. To advance UHC, a global effort is required where timely information is shared and nations partner to achieve this important global health target. Especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), the learning and sharing of experiences and knowledge are essential throughout the course of implementation. This will ensure that no nation is left behind.
Splenectomy reduces lung metastases and tumoral and metastatic niche inflammation
Authors: Stöth Manuel , Freire Valls Aida , Chen Mingyi , Hidding Sarah , Knipper Karl , Shen Ying , Klose Johannes , Ulrich Alexis , Ruiz de Almodovar Carmen , Schneider Martin , Schmidt Thomas
Published: April 2019

The immune microenvironment plays a crucial role in supporting tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) and neutrophils (TANs) are essential components of this microenvironment and affect tumor growth and progression in almost all solid neoplasms. Furthermore, TAMs, TANs and tumor‐infiltrating dendritic cells (TIDCs) are found to infiltrate specific distant organs to prepare them as a site for metastatic cell seeding, forming the pre‐metastatic niche. The spleen was identified as a major reservoir and source of circulating and tumor infiltrating immune cells. However, discrepancies about its role in supporting tumor growth exist. Thus, here we investigated the role of splenectomy in primary tumor and metastatic growth, and in the formation of an inflammatory niche. In a murine 4T1 and E0771 breast and Panc02 pancreatic cancer model, our results show that while splenectomy reduces the number of infiltrating TAMs, TANs and TIDCs within primary tumors, it does not affect its growth. In line, fewer TAMs, TANs and TIDCs accumulate in the metastatic microenvironment after splenectomy. Interestingly though, this affected metastatic growth depending on the metastatic route/site. The number of hematogenous breast cancer lung metastases was reduced after splenectomy but no effect was observed in breast or pancreatic lymph node metastases. Moreover, we observed that the immune composition of the pre‐metastatic niche in lungs of breast cancer bearing mice was altered, and that this could cause the reduction of metastases. Altogether, our results highlight that splenectomy affects the immune microenvironment not only of primary tumors but also of pre‐metastatic and metastatic sites.
Combination of agricultural waste compost and biofertilizer improves yield and enhances the sustainability of a pepper field
Authors: Yu Yi-Yang , Li Shi-Mo , Qiu Jing-Ping , Li Jian-Gang , Luo Yu-Ming , Guo Jian-Hua
Published: April 2019

Application of plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been considered as an environmentally friendly method for crop yield promotion as well as plant disease management. Efforts have been devoted to unraveling mechanisms involved in bacteria–plant and bacteria–pathogen interactions. However, little is known on the effect of the interaction among PGPR, soil, and plant. We compared growth and yield promotion capacity of biofertilizer Ning Shield, a consortium of bacterial preparation used as a biofertilizer (BF), and its mixture with compost of agricultural waste including spent substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus (SSP)/Volvariella volvacea (SSV), chicken manure (CM), and inorganic fertilizer (IOF) in a pepper field, respectively. The disease control efficacy, pepper fruit preservation time, and nutrients were also determined. Soil nutrient parameters including organic matter and available NPK of treatments were assayed before and after one growth season. All of the mixture of BF+organic compost treatment significantly enhanced the yield and quality of pepper fruit. Moreover, disease control capacity was promoted by the mixture of BF+organic compost, with BF+SSV reaching the highest control efficacy of 81% on 60th day after transplanting, and remaining 76% at the 105th day. The BF+SSV treatment showed soil fertility retention ability with higher soil nutrient contents after one growth season of pepper. This study provides evidence that, when combined with organic fertilizers such as spent mushroom substrate compost, beneficial microbes have the ability to promote plant growth and yield as well as suppress plant disease by sustaining soil fertility through complex bacteria–soil–plant interaction.
Linking Land Use to Atlantic Salmon Production to Guide Recovery Planning
Authors: Bowlby Heather D. , Gibson A. Jamie F.
Published: April 2019

Quantifying functional relationships between abundance and land use is critical during recovery planning for endangered freshwater and diadromous fishes. However, there is little practical guidance on how much abundance might be expected to change from specific types or magnitudes of land use, making it difficult to identify specific sites for restoration or to prioritize among remediation actions. To address these needs for endangered Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar inhabiting the Southern Upland region of Nova Scotia, Canada, we developed a suite of hierarchical models to evaluate the functional form and magnitude of response of populations to land use at two spatial scales. Juvenile distribution patterns showed a strong longitudinal gradient throughout the stream network, with higher densities occurring in headwaters, which suggests that maintaining connectivity as well as unmodified landscapes in the upper reaches of rivers should be prioritized to aid recovery. Relative to threats, there was no single type of land use that was primarily associated with changes in juvenile abundance. Instead, responses to the combined suite of land-use types were nonlinear and did not appear dependent on spatial scale. When the proportion of natural forest cover was high, populations appeared to benefit from low levels of anthropogenic land use, declining with increasing human activity only once the average proportion of natural forest cover was low. To use threat relationships in recovery planning, we propose a simple quantitative index based on the extent of development in the vicinity of rivers to identify sites for remediation or protection. To aid future monitoring, we demonstrate why site-specific electrofishing catchability must be estimated when evaluating population responses to landscape change.
Kinetics Studies on a Multicomponent Knoevenagel−Michael Domino Reaction by an Automated Flow Reactor
Authors: Haas Christian P. , Tallarek Ulrich
Published: April 2019

The optimization of complex chemical reaction systems is often a troublesome and time‐consuming process. The application of modern technologies, including automated reactors and analytics, opens the avenue for generating large data sets on chemical reaction processes in a short period of time. In this work, an automated flow reactor is used to present detailed kinetics and mechanistic studies about an amine‐catalyzed Knoevenagel−Michael domino reaction to yield tetrahydrochromene derivatives. High‐performance monoliths as catalyst supports and online coupled HPLC analysis allow for time‐efficient data generation. We show that the two‐step multicomponent domino reaction does not follow the kinetics of consecutive reaction steps proceeding independently from each other. Instead, the starting materials of both individual reactions compete for the active sites on the heterogeneous catalyst, which lowers the rate constants of both steps. This knowledge was used to implement a more efficient experimental setup which increased the turnover numbers of the catalyst, without adjusting common reaction parameters like temperature, reaction time, and concentrations.
Gambogic acid impairs tumor angiogenesis by targeting YAP/STAT3 signaling axis
Authors: Wan Li , Zhang Qun , Wang Sheng , Gao Yong , Chen Xiaofei , Zhao Yang , Qian Xiaoping
Published: April 2019

Angiogenesis is central to a wide range of physiological and pathological processes including wound healing, macular degeneration, and cancer. Excessive or inappropriate vascular supply of tumors is one of the main targets for cancer therapy. Recently, critical and selective transcriptional factors such as yes‐associated protein (YAP) that control the expression of angiogenesis factors have gained increasing attention in antiangiogenic therapy. In this study, we have identified and characterized a novel inhibitor of YAP, gambogic acid (GA), which exerted striking antiangiogenic effects both in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that GA remarkably inhibited a variety of vascular endothelial growth factor‐induced angiogenesis processes including proliferation, migration, sprouting, and tube formation of endothelial cells in vitro. In addition, GA resulted in decreased neo‐vessel formation in Matrigel plugs of mice and chick chorioallantoic membrane. More importantly, we showed that GA limited tumor growth via preventing tumor angiogenesis and vascular maturation. Further mechanistic studies illustrated that GA directly targeted YAP/STAT3 signaling axis, which is critical for the transcriptional regulation of a series of angiogenic factors. Taken together, these preclinical findings suggest that GA significantly repressed tumor angiogenesis and may serve as a promising drug candidate against cancer.