bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building Meaning: Meta‐analysis of Component Skills Supporting Reading Comprehension in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Sorenson Duncan Tamara , Karkada Manasi , Deacon S. Hélène , Smith Isabel M.
Published: February 2021

The ability to understand what one reads, or reading comprehension, is central to academic success. For many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), reading comprehension is a noted area of challenge. For children with typical development, it is well established that successful reading comprehension requires two broad skills: word reading and oral language. For children with ASD, word reading is often believed to be relatively intact, even in the face of poor reading comprehension, suggesting that deficits in oral language, more than in word reading, underlie reading comprehension deficits. Yet, extant research has suggested the importance of both skills. To clarify the role of these skills in the reading comprehension of children with ASD, we conducted a meta‐analysis. ERIC, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Proquest Dissertation & Theses were searched for studies of reading comprehension in children with ASD, published up to May 2019. We identified 26 relevant studies about children with ASD (aged 6–18 years) that included both a measure of word reading and reading comprehension. Hunt‐Schmidt Random Effects Models showed similar mean correlations between reading comprehension and the component skills of word reading (M r = 0.65 [0.27–1.03]) and oral language (M r = 0.61 [0.33–0.88]). These findings demonstrate that these skills are essential for reading comprehension in children with ASD, making contributions of similar size. This study advances our understanding of the mechanisms by which children with ASD understand what they read, providing a foundation on which to build programmatic research into each of these mechanisms.

Lay Summary

Academic progress is closely tied to children's ability to understand what they read. Yet reading comprehension is difficult for many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We used a statistical method to summarize existing research on the skills that children with ASD use to understand what they read. We found that the reading comprehension of children with ASD was related to a similar extent to both their ability to read individual words and their oral language skills. These findings suggest that both areas should be assessed in order to determine appropriate interventions to support reading comprehension for children with ASD. Autism Res 2021, 14: 840–858. © 2021 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Relationship between US and Brazilian ethanol prices: new evidence based on fractal regressions
Authors: Quintino Derick David , Cantarinha Ana , Ferreira Paulo Jorge Silveira
Published: February 2021

Two different fractal regression methodologies were employed with the aim of understanding the relationship between prices of ethanol produced in the USA and Brazil, the most important producers of ethanol. These methodologies, which have the advantage of giving us information about the relationships between different timescales, could also provide interesting and important information about this particular market. Our results suggest, first, some differences in the basic price in these markets, and second, a positive relationship between prices (as expected) but not a one‐to‐one relationship. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 beta: A perspective in cancer
Authors: Chandra Shubhra , Srinivasan Srilakshmi , Batra Jyotsna
Published: February 2021

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 beta (HNF1 β/B) exists as a homeobox transcription factor having a vital role in the embryonic development of organs mainly liver, kidney and pancreas. Initially described as a gene causing maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (MODY), HNF1β expression deregulation and single nucleotide polymorphisms in HNF1β have now been associated with several tumours including endometrial, prostate, ovarian, hepatocellular, renal and colorectal cancers. Its function has been studied either as homodimer or heterodimer with HNF1α. In this review, the role of HNF1B in different cancers will be discussed along with the role of its splice variants, and its emerging role as a potential biomarker in cancer.
Female therapists’ experiences of working with male clients who are sexually attracted to them—An exploratory study using a free association narrative interview method
Authors: Lukac‐Greenwood Jasenka , van Rijn Biljana
Published: February 2021

Sexual attraction between human beings is a pervasive phenomenon, impacting the process of psychotherapy, as well as other areas of social engagement. However, within ethical psychotherapy practice the experience of attraction could not lead to enactment without ethical misconduct or premature therapeutic termination. This qualitative study focused on female therapists' experiences of working with male clients who were sexually attracted to them. It employed Hollway and Jefferson's (2008) hybrid method ‘free association narrative interview’, which involved multiple unstructured interviews with five female participants. The results of the study suggested that participants’ experience differed depending on whether they felt reciprocal sexual attraction. On occasions when therapists were not attracted towards their clients, they struggled with unwanted sexual attraction because they feared having to reject their client and the retaliation this may entail. On such occasions, therapists expressed a sense of vulnerability, discomfort with power inequality and a sense of being at fault. Conversely, when therapists felt sexually attracted to their clients, they managed the dynamic by framing it within a context of loving as opposed to purely erotic feelings. The study suggests that working directly with sexual feelings is a challenge for female therapists, requiring personal development work, supervision and institutional support to address the complex interplay of individual, clinical and societal issues, which appear to play a part in this difficulty.
‘Educate, Empower and Inspire’: An Evaluation of a Preventative Service for Young People at Risk of Sexual Exploitation
Authors: Unwin Peter , Jones Alexandra
Published: February 2021

Key Practitioner Messages

Young people at risk of child sexual exploitation (CSE) value peer mentoring and will respond to services that they regard as authentic, consistent and tailored to their needs.

Practitioners should always endeavour to prioritise the voices of young people - they are articulate about CSE.

Arts‐based projects should be given fuller consideration as a potentially effective vehicle for building resilience and combatting the CSE threat.
(+/−)‐Alashanoid N, Two Enantiomeric Sesquiterpenes from Syringa pinnatifolia
Authors: Huang Meiwen , Jiao Shungang , Ge Fuxing , Shana Wuken , Li Anni , Zhou Xiaochun , Liu Changxin , Tu Pengfei , Chai Xingyun
Published: February 2021

Two enantiomeric humulane sesquiterpenes, namely (+)‐alashanoid N (1a) and (−)‐alashanoid N (1b), along with two known analogs ((2R,3R,5R)‐2,3‐epoxy‐6,9‐humuladien‐5‐ol‐8‐one (2) and (2R,3S,5R)‐2,3‐epoxy‐6,9‐humuladien‐5‐ol‐8‐one (3)), were described from the peeled stems of a folk Mongolian herbal medicine Syringa pinnatifolia. Their structures were characterized based on UV, IR, NMR, and HR‐ESI‐MS data analyses, and the absolute configurations were determined by data analysis of X‐ray diffraction and quantum chemical calculations. (+/−)‐Alashanoid N showed inhibition against NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells with IC50 values of 90.1 μM and 71.7 μM, and protective effect against oxygen‐glucose deprivation injury to H9c2 cells at a concentration of 20 μM and 5 μM, respectively.
Valve‐in‐valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement versus redo surgical valve replacement for degenerated bioprosthetic aortic valve: An updated meta‐analysis comparing midterm outcomes
Authors: Thandra Abhishek , Abusnina Waiel , Jhand Aravdeep , Shaikh Kashif , Bansal Raahat , Pajjuru Venkata S. , Al‐Abdouh Ahmad , Kanmanthareddy Arun , Alla Venkata M.
Published: February 2021

Background

Redo surgical aortic valve replacement (redo SAVR) and valve‐in‐valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement (ViV TAVR) are the two treatment strategies available for patients with severe symptomatic bioprosthetic aortic valve dysfunction. Herein, we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis comparing both early and mid‐term outcomes of ViV TAVR versus redo SAVR in patients with bioprosthetic aortic valve disease.

Methods

PubMed, Cochrane reviews, and Google scholar electronic databases were searched and studies comparing ViV TAVR versus redo SAVR were included. The primary outcome of interest was mid‐term (1–5 years) and 1‐year all‐cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included were 30‐day all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction, pacemaker implantation, stroke, acute kidney injury, major or life‐threatening bleeding, and postprocedural aortic valve gradients. Pooled risk ratios (RR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for all outcomes using the DerSimonian–Laird random‐effects model.

Results

Nine observational studies with a total of 2,891 individuals and mean follow‐up of 26 months met the inclusion criteria. There is no significant difference in mid‐term and 1‐year mortality between ViV‐TAVR and redo SAVR groups with RR of 1.15 (95% CI 0.99–1.32; p = .06) and 1.06 (95% CI 0.69–1.61; p = .8). 30‐day mortality rate was significantly lower in ViV‐TAVR group with RR of 0.65 (95% CI 0.45–0.93; p = .02). ViV‐TAVR group had lower 30‐day bleeding, length of stay, and higher postoperative gradients.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates a lower 30‐day mortality and similar 1‐year and mid‐term mortality for ViV TAVR compared to redo SAVR despite a higher baseline risk. Given these findings and the ongoing advances in the transcatheter therapeutics, VIV TAVR should be preferred over redo SAVR particularly in those at intermediate‐high surgical risk.
Left atrial appendage occlusion in chicken‐wing anatomies: Imaging assessment, procedural, and clinical outcomes of the “sandwich technique”
Authors: Freixa Xavier , Tzikas Apostolos , Aminian Adel , Flores‐Umanzor Eduardo , De Backer Ole , Korsholm Kasper , Ben Yedder Mohamed , Gonzalez‐Ferreiro Rocío , Agudelo‐Montañez Victor , Gilhofer Thomas , Simon François , Samaras Athanasios , Regueiro Ander , Sondergaard Lars , Cruz‐Gonzalez Ignacio , Arzamendi Dabit , Saw Jacqueline , Ibrahim Reda , Nielsen‐Kudsk Jens Erik
Published: February 2021

Objectives

To describe imaging assessment, procedural and follow‐up outcome of patients undergoing left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion (LAAO) using a “sandwich” technique.

Background

The presence of a LAA with chicken wing morphology constitutes a challenge that sometimes requires specific occlusion strategies like the “sandwich” technique. However, procedural and follow‐up data focusing on this implanting strategy is scarce.

Methods

This multicenter study collected individual data from eight centers between 2012 and 2019. Consecutive patients with chicken‐wing LAAs defined as an early (<20 mm from the ostium) and severe bend (>90°) who underwent LAAO with Amplatzer devices and using the “sandwich” technique were included in the analysis.

Results

Overall, 190 subjects were enrolled in the study. Procedures were done with the Amulet device (85%) and the Amplatzer Cardiac Plug (15%). Successful implantation was achieved in 99.5% with ≤1 partial recapture in 80% of cases. Single (46.2%) and dual antiplatelet therapy (39.4%) were the most used antithrombotic therapies after LAAO. In‐hospital major adverse events rate was 1.5% with no deaths. One patient (0.5%) had cardiac tamponade requiring percutaneous drainage. With a mean follow‐up of 19.6 ± 14.8 months, the mortality and stroke rates were 7.7%/year and 2.5%/year, respectively. Follow‐up transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) at 2–3 months showed device‐related thrombosis in 2.8% and peri‐device leak ≥3 mm in 1.2% of patients.

Conclusions

In a large series of patients with chicken wing LAA anatomies undergoing LAAO, the use of the “sandwich” technique was feasible and safe. Preprocedural imaging was a key‐factor to determine specific measurements.
Patient with Down syndrome and relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia with sustained remission despite only partial R3 chemotherapy
Authors: Hu Zhongbo , VanHeyst Kristen A. , Dalal Jignesh , Hackney Lisa
Published: February 2021

DS‐ALL has a higher rate of relapse and treatment‐related mortality. The newer immunotherapies are potentially better options. Relapsed ALL with positive MRD has a poor prognosis. Transient long‐term remission after ALL relapse due to partial chemotherapy combined severe infection is rare.
The great pretender—Bell’s palsy secondary to SARS‐CoV‐2?
Authors: Neo Wei Li , Ng Jeremy Chung Fai , Iyer N. Gopalakrishna
Published: February 2021

This case series highlights a possible association between isolated facial nerve palsy and SARS‐CoV‐2. Caution should be exercised in the use of steroids in patients with COVID‐19 as its impact is still not well established.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Soluble N‐Doped Rubicenes via Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenative Benzannulation
Authors: Shuler William G. , Parvathaneni Sai P. , Rodriguez Jacob B. , Lewis Taylor N. , Berges Adam J. , Bardeen Christopher J. , Krische Michael J.
Published: February 2021

Ruthenium‐catalyzed butadiene‐mediated benzannulation enabled the first synthesis of 3,10‐(di‐tert‐butyl)rubicene and its N‐doped derivatives as well as preliminary studies on their photophysical properties. Unlike the parent rubicene and 3,10‐(di‐tert‐butyl)rubicene, which adopt classical herringbone‐type packing motifs in the solid state, the N‐doped congener 7 b displayed columnar packing with an alternating co‐facial arrangement of aromatic and heteroaromatic substructures.
Molten Salt Storage for Power Generation
Authors: Bauer Thomas , Odenthal Christian , Bonk Alexander
Published: February 2021

Storage of electrical energy is a key technology for a future climate‐neutral energy supply with volatile photovoltaic and wind generation. Besides the well‐known technologies of pumped hydro, power‐to‐gas‐to‐power and batteries, the contribution of thermal energy storage is rather unknown. At the end of 2019 the worldwide power generation capacity from molten salt storage in concentrating solar power (CSP) plants was 21 GWhel. This article gives an overview of molten salt storage in CSP and new potential fields for decarbonization such as industrial processes, conventional power plants and electrical energy storage.
Kinetic Resolution of 2‐Substituted 1,2‐Dihydroquinolines by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroarylation†
Authors: Cai Baohua , Yang Qingjing , Meng Ling , Wang Jun Joelle
Published: February 2021

Main observation and conclusion

A highly efficient kinetic resolution of racemic 2‐substituted 1,2‐dihydroquinolines via Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric hydroarylation has been described for the first time. A variety of arylboronic acids coupled with 2‐substituted 1,2‐dihydroquinolines under mild reaction condition. The transformations into the enantio‐enriched 2,3‐diaryl‐tetrahydroquinolines as well as the recovered chiral 2‐aryl‐dihydroquinolines were obtained with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (86%—99% ee, s factor up to 1057).
Outcomes of sublobar resection vs lobectomy for invasive clinical stage T1N0 non‐small‐cell lung cancer: A propensity‐match analysis
Authors: Wald Ori , Sadeh Bar Moshe , Bdolah‐Abram Tali , Erez Eldad , Shapira Oz Moshe , Izhar Uzi
Published: February 2021

Background

The role of sub lobar resection (SLR; either segmentectomy or wedge resection) vs lobectomy (LBCT) for invasive clinical stage T1N0 non‐small‐cell‐lung‐cancer (NSCLC) has not been fully established yet.

Aim

We aimed to characterize the preoperative parameters leading to selecting SLR and compare the overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) of these two surgical approaches.

Methods

Clinical data on 162 patients (LBCT‐107; SLR‐55) were prospectively entered in our departmental database. Preoperative parameters associated with the performance of SLR were identified using univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to compute OS and DFS. Comparison between LBCT and SLR groups and 32 propensity‐matched groups was performed using Log‐rank test.

Results

Median follow‐up time for the LBCT and SLR groups was 4.76 (Inter‐quartile range [IQR] 2.96 to 8.23) and 3.38 (IQR 2.9 to 6.19) years respectively. OS and DFS rates were similar between the two groups in the entire cohort (OS‐LBCT vs SLR P = .853, DSF‐LBCT vs SLR P = .653) and after propensity matching (OS‐LBCT vs SLR P = .563 DSF‐LBCT vs SLR P = .632). Specifically, Two‐ and five‐year OS rates for LBCT and SLR were 90.6.% vs 92.7%, 71.8% vs 75.9% respectively. Independent predictors of selecting for SLR included older age (P < .001), reduced FEV1% (P = .026), smaller tumor size (P = .025), smaller invasive component (P = .021) and higher American Society of Anesthesiology scores (P = .014).

Conclusions

In 162 consecutive and 32 matched cases, SLR and lobar resection had similar overall and disease‐free survival rates. SLR may be considered as a reasonable oncological procedure in carefully selected T1N0 NSCLC patients that present with multiple comorbidities and relatively small tumors.
Isoperimetry, Scalar Curvature, and Mass in Asymptotically Flat Riemannian 3‐Manifolds
Authors: Chodosh Otis , Eichmair Michael , Shi Yuguang , Yu Haobin
Published: February 2021

Let (M, g) be an asymptotically flat Riemannian 3‐manifold with nonnegative scalar curvature and positive mass. We show that each leaf of the canonical foliation of the end of (M, g) through stable constant mean curvature spheres encloses more volume than any other surface of the same area.

Unlike all previous characterizations of large solutions of the isoperimetric problem, we need no asymptotic symmetry assumptions beyond the optimal conditions for the positive mass theorem. This generality includes examples where global uniqueness of the leaves of the canonical foliation as stable constant mean curvature spheres fails dramatically.

Our results here resolve a question of G. Huisken on the isoperimetric content of the positive mass theorem. © 2021 The Authors. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Survey on radio resource allocation in long‐term evolution‐vehicle
Authors: Allouch Mariem , Kallel Sondes , Soua Ahmed , Shagdar Oyunchimeg , Tohme Samir
Published: February 2021

The main goal behind radio resource management (RRM), in any conventional wireless networks, is to efficiently utilize the available resources. Critical and safety communications have very stringent quality of service requirements on reliability and availability. Consequently, the efficient use of resources becomes more compelling when it deals with this type of application. In this context, cellular vehicle‐to‐everything (C‐V2X) communications, enabled by cellular device‐to‐device (D2D), have recently drawn much attention. This is due to their applicability to road safety and traffic efficiency applications, which require information exchange among road users and road‐side entities. This emerging technology, referred hereinafter as LTE‐V or C‐V2X, supports two different communication modes: 3 and 4. Both of the two modes enable direct vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) communications via PC5 interface. However, they differ on how the radio resources are allocated. Several approaches and algorithms are proposed in the literature to address the resource allocation issue. In this paper, a state of the art of the radio resource allocation strategies was made for LTE‐V technology and a qualitative description was carried out of these different schemes. We proposed a classification of these strategies into different categories. This classification identified the different strengths and weaknesses of each proposal. Up to our knowledge, several surveys concerning resource allocation are published in the context of LTE but very few of them focuses on both RRM and vehicular networks.
Effect of Atomic Oxygen and Electron Irradiation on the Electronic Structure of KTiOPO4 Crystal
Authors: Liu Jian , Lu Yan , Hao Junying
Published: February 2021

KTiOPO4 (KTP) crystals are prepared by the top‐seeded solution growth method. Effects of space irradiation on KTP crystal structure have been investigated using Space Tribology in‐situ Analysis System: KTP crystal (001) surfaces were irradiated by atomic oxygen (AO) and electron (EL), and the electronic structure was analyzed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The AO has strong oxidizing property which results in decreases in the intensity of C 1s peak. The content of P increases after AO/EL irradiation, while the content of Ti decreases after AO irradiation. The reduced ΔBE (O─P) shows stronger ionicity of P─O bonds after AO/EL irradiation compared with pristine KTP crystal. The deconvolution of O 1s photoemission line reveals that peaks at 530.8–531.0 and 530.1 eV are assigned to O─P and O─Ti bonds, respectively. Additionally, variations in the trend of O─P bond and O─Ti bond contents are resembled to that of P and Ti after AO/EL irradiation.
Recyclable Oxofluorovanadate‐Catalyzed Formylation of Amines by Reductive Functionalization of CO2 with Hydrosilanes
Authors: Wu Shanxuan , Huang Zijun , Jiang Xiaolin , Yan Fachao , Li Yuehui , Du Chen‐Xia
Published: February 2021

An efficient method has been developed for the reductive amination of CO2 by using readily available and recyclable oxofluorovanadates as catalysts. Various amines are transformed into the desired N‐formylated products in moderate to excellent yields at room temperature in the presence of phenylsilane. Mechanistic studies based on in situ infrared spectroscopy suggest a reaction pathway initiated through F−Si interactions. The activated phenylsilane allows for CO2 insertion to produce phenylsilyl formate, which undergoes attack by the amine to generate the target product.
Treating acne with the tetracycline class of antibiotics: A review
Authors: Graber Emmy M.
Published: February 2021

Acne, one of the most common dermatologic conditions seen by dermatologists, is frequently treated with oral antibiotics. As such, dermatologists prescribe more antibiotics than any other specialty, the majority of which are of the tetracycline class. This family of antibiotics includes tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, and sarecycline. Although linked by a similar mechanism of action, each agent has unique characteristics that should be considered carefully. Sarecycline, recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, is a narrow‐spectrum antibiotic and acts primarily on cutaneous bacteria such as Cutibacterium acnes. In contrast, tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline are broad‐spectrum antibiotics—indiscriminately inhibiting bacteria in both the skin and gastrointestinal tract. Rising concerns about antibiotic resistance and the need for antibiotic stewardship may make a narrow‐spectrum antibiotic a more attractive therapeutic choice for the acne patient. It is vital that the clinician understand the pros and cons of each tetracycline agent so as to optimally serve our acne population.
Trajectories of internalizing symptoms in early childhood: Associations with maternal internalizing symptoms and child physiology
Authors: Zhou Anna M. , Buss Kristin A.
Published: February 2021

Research has shown that children's internalizing symptom development during early childhood are shaped by biopsychosocial processes including physiology and parental symptoms. However, associations between maternal internalizing symptoms, child physiology and trajectories of child internalizing symptoms are not well understood. We used growth curve models to examine how maternal internalizing symptoms, child physiology and the interaction between maternal internalizing symptoms and child physiology may be associated with trajectories of internalizing symptoms during early childhood. Mothers reported their children's internalizing symptoms when children were 3, 4, 5 and 6 years of age, and mothers self‐reported their own internalizing symptoms when children were 3. Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) was collected when children were 3.5‐years‐old. Results showed that there is a non‐linear, quadratic trajectory across all participants from age 3 to 6. Maternal internalizing symptoms were not associated with children's internalizing symptoms at age 6, but were associated with both linear and quadratic change. Lower resting RSA was associated with greater increases in children's internalizing symptoms over time. Interactions between maternal internalizing symptoms and RSA were not associated with children's internalizing symptom development. The findings demonstrate that maternal internalizing symptoms and child physiology are independently associated with internalizing symptom development during early childhood.
Microglia regulate synaptic development and plasticity
Authors: Andoh Megumi , Koyama Ryuta
Published: February 2021

Synapses are fundamental structures of neural circuits that transmit information between neurons. Thus, the process of neural circuit formation via proper synaptic connections shapes the basis of brain functions and animal behavior. Synapses continuously undergo repeated formation and elimination throughout the lifetime of an organism, reflecting the dynamics of neural circuit function. The structural transformation of synapses has been described mainly in relation to neural activity‐dependent strengthening and weakening of synaptic functions, that is, functional plasticity of synapses. An increasing number of studies have unveiled the roles of microglia, brain‐resident immune cells that survey the brain parenchyma with highly motile processes, in synapse formation and elimination as well as in regulating synaptic function. Over the past 15 years, the molecular mechanisms underlying microglia‐dependent regulation of synaptic plasticity have been thoroughly studied, and researchers have reported that the disruption of microglia‐dependent regulation causes synaptic dysfunction that leads to brain diseases. In this review, we will broadly introduce studies that report the roles of microglia in synaptic plasticity and the possible underlying molecular mechanisms.
Understanding cornea epithelial stem cells and stem cell deficiency: Lessons learned using vertebrate model systems
Authors: Adil Mohd Tayyab , Henry Jonathan J.
Published: February 2021

Animal models have contributed greatly to our understanding of human diseases. Here, we focus on cornea epithelial stem cell (CESC) deficiency (commonly called limbal stem cell deficiency, LSCD). Corneal development, homeostasis and wound healing are supported by specific stem cells, that include the CESCs. Damage to or loss of these cells results in blindness and other debilitating ocular conditions. Here we describe the contributions from several vertebrate models toward understanding CESCs and LSCD treatments. These include both mammalian models, as well as two aquatic models, Zebrafish and the amphibian, Xenopus. Pioneering developments have been made using stem cell transplants to restore normal vision in patients with LSCD, but questions still remain about the basic biology of CESCs, including their precise cell lineages and behavior in the cornea. We describe various cell lineage tracing studies to follow their patterns of division, and the fates of their progeny during development, homeostasis, and wound healing. In addition, we present some preliminary results using the Xenopus model system. Ultimately, a more thorough understanding of these cornea cells will advance our knowledge of stem cell biology and lead to better cornea disease therapeutics.
Design of search space for improving the steady current control performance of PMSM current control system based on model predictive control
Authors: Shimaoka Masahiro , Doki Shinji
Published: February 2021

This paper proposes a method to design the search space of Model Predictive Control (MPC) for improving the steady current control performance of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) current control system. A current control system based on MPC predicts the future current behaviors for considerable input voltage and determines the optimum input voltage by evaluating these behaviors. However, the basic MPC has inferior steady current control performance depending on the operating points. This is because the search space of basic MPC represented by voltage vectors is not suitable appropriate for PMSM current control. To overcome this problem, we consider difference of search space of basic MPC and current vector control with a modulator such as Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) or Space Vector Modulation (SVM) and clarify the necessary search space for improving the steady current control performance. Then, we propose a design method for the search space, and through experimentation, we show that proposed design method can improve the steady current control performance.
Iron loss characteristics of motors fed by fast switching GaN‐FET inverters
Authors: Naitoh Haruo , Sugimoto Takaya , Fujisaki Keisuke
Published: February 2021

Iron losses generated in a motor made of nonoriented electrical steel and driven by an inverter consisting of fast switching power semiconductor devices, GaN‐FETs were studied. The rectangular voltage pulses from the pulse width modulation applied to the motor generate not only a fundamental current but also harmonic currents. One of them increases considerably at the resonant frequency of the L, R, and C components in the motor. The phenomenon is called ringing. The ringing current, as well as the other currents, result in their respective iron losses. This study experimentally confirms that ringing occurs in the motor and quantitatively evaluates the iron loss related to it. The proportional dependence of the loss on the carrier frequency of PWM is found out.
Rapid fabrication of ZnO film by electrochemical deposition method from aqueous solution
Authors: Haga Hironori , Jinnai Motoyasu , Ogawa Shunpei , Kuroda Tatsuya , Kato Yasuyuki , Ishizaki Hiroki
Published: February 2021

Recently, ZnO film paid much attention, for many application such as transparent conductive film and photo devise. In order to use as transparent conductive film, ZnO films need be obtained at high growth rate. Fabrication of oxide films by electrochemical deposition from aqueous solutions is possible to fabrication at low temperature. And thickness and electric characteristics of ZnO film can be easily controlled by electrochemical parameters. Mentioned above, this electrochemical deposition is optimal technique for manufacturing technique for transparent conductive film. We will support that the adjustment of the alkaline electrolyte for ZnO film gives the rapidly growth of ZnO films at low temperature. In this investigation, the influence of the electrical and optical properties for ZnO films with the deposition temperature will be investigated. For optical and electrical results, the growth rate and the carrier concentration of ZnO films increase with an increase in the deposition temperature. And the optical bandgap energy is constant at about 3.37 eV. Thus, the electric property and deposition rate of ZnO film will be controlled by the deposition temperature.
Fluid overload in patients undergoing TAVR: what we can learn from the nephrologists
Authors: Nitsche Christian , Kammerlander Andreas A. , Koschutnik Matthias , Sinnhuber Leah , Forutan Nabila , Eidenberger Anna , Donà Carolina , Schartmueller Florian , Dannenberg Varius , Winter Max‐Paul , Siller‐Matula Jolanta , Anvari‐Pirsch Anahit , Goliasch Georg , Hengstenberg Christian , Mascherbauer Julia
Published: February 2021

Aims

Fluid overload (FO) puts aortic stenosis (AS) patients at risk for heart failure (HF) and death. However, conventional FO assessment, including rapid weight gain, peripheral oedema, or chest radiography, is inaccurate. Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) allows objective and reproducible FO quantification, particularly if clinically unapparent. It is used in dialysis patients to establish dry weight goals. BIS has not been tested for prognostication in AS. This study aimed to evaluate whether BIS adds prognostic information in stable patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Methods and results

Consecutive patients scheduled for TAVR underwent BIS in addition to echocardiographic, clinical, and laboratory assessment. On BIS, mild FO was defined as >1.0 L and severe as >3.0 L. Combined HF hospitalization and/or all‐cause death was defined as primary endpoint. Three hundred forty‐four patients (81.5 ± 7.2 years old, 47.4% female) were prospectively included. FO by BIS was associated with clinical congestion signs, higher serum markers of cardiac injury, poorer left ventricular function, higher pulmonary pressures, and more severe tricuspid regurgitation (all P < 0.05). Yet, clinical examination was unremarkable in >30% in mild FO, only detected by BIS. During 12.1 ± 5.5 months, 67 (19.5%) events were recorded (40 deaths, 15 HF hospitalizations, and 12 both). Quantitatively, every 1 L increase in FO was associated with a 24% (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.13–1.35, P < 0.001) increase in event hazard. This association persisted after adjustment for STS/EuroSCORE‐II, NT‐proBNP, left ventricular ejection fraction, and renal function.

Conclusions

In patients undergoing TAVR, FO by BIS is strongly associated with adverse outcomes. BIS measurement conveys prognostic information not represented in any currently used AS/TAVR risk assessments.
High neutralizing potency of swine glyco‐humanized polyclonal antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Vanhove Bernard , Duvaux Odile , Rousse Juliette , Royer Pierre‐Joseph , Evanno Gwénaëlle , Ciron Carine , Lheriteau Elsa , Vacher Laurent , Gervois Nadine , Oger Romain , Jacques Yannick , Conchon Sophie , Salama Apolline , Duchi Roberto , Lagutina Irina , Perota Andrea , Delahaut Philippe , Ledure Matthieu , Paulus Melody , So Ray T. , Mok Chris Ka‐Pun , Bruzzone Roberto , Bouillet Marc , Brouard Sophie , Cozzi Emanuele , Galli Cesare , Blanchard Dominique , Bach Jean‐Marie , Soulillou Jean‐Paul
Published: February 2021

Heterologous polyclonal antibodies might represent an alternative to the use of convalescent plasma or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) by targeting multiple antigen epitopes. However, heterologous antibodies trigger human natural xenogeneic antibody responses particularly directed against animal‐type carbohydrates, mainly the N‐glycolyl form of the neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and the α1,3‐galactose, potentially leading to serum sickness or allergy. Here, we immunized cytidine monophosphate‐N‐acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase and α1,3‐galactosyl‐transferase (GGTA1) double KO pigs with the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike receptor binding domain to produce glyco‐humanized polyclonal neutralizing antibodies lacking Neu5Gc and α1,3‐galactose epitopes. Animals rapidly developed a hyperimmune response with anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 end‐titers binding dilutions over one to a million and end‐titers neutralizing dilutions of 1:10 000. The IgG fraction purified and formulated following clinical Good Manufacturing Practices, named XAV‐19, neutralized spike/angiotensin converting enzyme‐2 interaction at a concentration <1 μg/mL, and inhibited infection of human cells by SARS‐CoV‐2 in cytopathic assays. We also found that pig GH‐pAb Fc domains fail to interact with human Fc receptors, thereby avoiding macrophage‐dependent exacerbated inflammatory responses and a possible antibody‐dependent enhancement. These data and the accumulating safety advantages of using GH‐pAbs in humans warrant clinical assessment of XAV‐19 against COVID‐19.
Catalytic Asymmetric Carbene Insertion Reactions into B−H Bonds Using a Ru(II)‐Pheox Complex
Authors: Otog Nansalmaa , Chanthamath Soda , Fujisawa Ikuhide , Iwasa Seiji
Published: February 2021

The Ru(II)‐Pheox catalyzed B−H bond insertion reactions of α‐methyl diazoesters with phosphine‐ and amine‐borane adducts were successfully developed. A unique α‐methyl diazoester (dinaphthylenyl diazopropionate) with triphenylphosphine‐borane afforded the highest enantioselectivity (up to 98 % ee). Moreover, a unique dinaphthylenyl diazophenylacetate was newly synthesized, leading to improved yield and enantioselectivity of the carbene transfer B−H insertion reaction.
Syntheses, Structural Characterization, and Kinetic Investigations of Metalla[3]triangulanes: Isoelectronic Nickel(0) and Copper(I) Complexes with Bicyclopropylidene (bcp) and Dicyclopropylacetylene (dcpa) as Ligands
Authors: Ritz Florian J. , Valentin Lars , Henss Anja , Würtele Christian , Walter Olaf , Kozhushkov Sergei I. , de Meijere Armin , Schindler Siegfried
Published: February 2021

The kinetics of the reactions between [Ni(bipy)(COD)] and bicyclopropylidene (bcp), dicyclopropylacetylene (dcpa) and 1,4‐dimethoxy‐2‐butyne (dmbu) were investigated using stopped‐flow techniques. Similar to previous studies the results support an associative mechanism (activation parameters for bcp: ΔH#=46±2 kJ ⋅ mol−1 and ΔS#=−69±8 J ⋅ mol−1 ⋅ K−1) and therefore allowed to postulate a more general reaction mechanism for the reaction pathway. The products, the nickel(0) complexes [Ni(bipy)(bcp)] and [Ni(bipy)(dcpa)], could be structurally characterized and the molecular structures are presented. In addition, the corresponding copper(I) complexes [Cu(bipy)(bcp)]PF6 and [Cu(bipy)(dcpa)]PF6 were also structurally characterized and their reactivity towards dioxygen was investigated. A detailed discussion of the structural properties and comparisons to similar literature‐known olefinic complexes with transition metals are presented.
Improved Electrical Performance of Perovskite Photovoltaic Mini‐Modules through Controlled PbI2 Formation Using Nanosecond Laser Pulses for P3 Patterning
Authors: Fenske Markus , Schultz Christof , Dagar Janardan , Kosasih Felix Utama , Zeiser Andreas , Junghans Cornelia , Bartelt Andreas , Ducati Caterina , Schlatmann Rutger , Unger Eva , Stegemann Bert
Published: February 2021

The upscaling of perovskite solar cells to modules requires the patterning of the layer stack in individual cells that are monolithically interconnected in series. This interconnection scheme is composed of three lines, P1–P3, which are scribed using a pulsed laser beam. The P3 scribe is intended to isolate the back contact layer of neighboring cells, but is often affected by undesired effects such as back contact delamination, flaking, and poor electrical isolation. Herein, the influence of the laser pulse duration on the electrical and compositional properties of P3 scribe lines is investigated. The results show that both nanosecond and picosecond laser pulses are suitable for P3 patterning, with the nanosecond pulses leading to a higher open circuit voltage, a higher fill factor, and a higher power conversion efficiency. It is found that the longer pulse duration resultes in a larger amount of PbI2 formed within the P3 line and a thin Br‐rich interfacial layer which both effectively passivate defects at the scribe line edges and block charge carrier in its vicinity. Thus, nanosecond laser pulses are preferable for P3 patterning as they promote the formation of beneficial chemical phases, resulting in an improved photovoltaic performance.
Leaf venation ofOcoteaspecies (Lauraceae) from the Reserva Natural Vale, Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brazil
Authors: Moraes Pedro Luís Rodrigues de , Cruz Isabel Cristina Lima da , Coan Alessandra Ike , Tomazello Filho Mario
Published: February 2021

With the aim of recognizing and identifying both fertile and sterile specimens ofOcoteafrom the Reserva Natural Vale, Linhares, we analyzed the leaf venation pattern of 31 species, 13 of them being described and illustrated for the first time. A dichotomous identification key was built from a matrix of 12 venation characters and 36 states, which allowed to distinguish the taxa.
Ecofriendly nonchemical/nonthermal methods for disinfestation and control of pest/fungal infestation during storage of major important cereal grains: A review
Authors: Srivastava Shubhangi , Mishra Hari Niwas
Published: February 2021

In this review, numerous control methods for stored grain insects are discussed in detail with emphasis on the nonchemical/nonthermal methods. Grain infestation by insects and molds is one of the major problems that need attention as these pests deteriorate the quality of food grains and their products. A number of modern nonchemical methods have been found to be effective against insect pests, such as microwave and infrared heating. Besides those, nonthermal methods, such as ozone treatment and ultraviolet heating, are also gaining importance, as they prove to be much safer tools for the management of pests and molds. In a nutshell, these nonchemical/nonthermal methods have emerged as a plausible alternative to chemical fumigants which may have a deleterious effect on the food product quality from a nutritional point of view. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore the published research works on different control approaches applied on grains for protection against stored insect pests and molds. Three nutritionally and economically important cereal grains, wheat, rice, and maize, which contribute to the world economy in terms of production, are covered in the review. Also, the emphasis is given to the best physical nonchemical methods/nonthermal methods of disinfestation/disinfection of insects and molds: microwave, infrared, and ultraviolet heating as well as ozone treatment. Of all the nonchemical/nonthermal methods, microwave and ozone heating could be possible alternatives for achieving 100% mortality of insects and molds and 50–80% in the case of infrared and ultraviolet provided the grains are at the initial stage of infestation.
Pectic hydrocolloids from steam‐exploded lime pectin peel: Effect of temperature and time on macromolecular and functional properties
Authors: Cameron Randall G. , Branca Elena , Dorado Christina , Kim Yang
Published: February 2021

Previously, we showed the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and intrinsic viscosity ([ƞ]) of pectic hydrocolloids recovered from steam‐exploded citrus peel were low, suggesting fragmentation due to process temperature and/or time‐at‐temperature. We have tested this hypothesis on a commercial lime pectin peel, washed to remove soluble sugars and dried for stabilization, using a static steam explosion system. We examined temperatures of 120–150°C at 1–3 min hold times. Galacturonic acid recovery and Mw ranged from 22% to 82% and 142–214 kDa, respectively. Recovery of most major pectic sugars increased concomitantly with galacturonic acid as temperature and time‐at‐temperature increased. [ƞ] ranged from 1.75 to 6.83 dl/g. The degree of methylesterification ranged from 66.5% to 72.1%. Tan (δ) (Loss modulus/Storage modulus; G″/G′) values of sugar–acid gels for 120–140°C treatments were <1.0. Ideal optimization analysis, where time, [ƞ], and percent recovery were maximized, identified processing conditions that favor either increased [ƞ] or percent recovery. The results presented here support our hypothesis that temperature and time‐at‐temperature affect Mw and [η] of the recovered pectic hydrocolloids. These results also demonstrate that manipulating either temperature or time‐at‐temperature enables the production of structurally varied populations of pectic hydrocolloids. Based on optimization analysis, commercially viable values of [ƞ] can be obtained while recovering approximately 50% of the pectic hydrocolloids.
Identification of tumors with NRG1 rearrangement, including a novel putative pathogenic UNC5D‐NRG1 gene fusion in prostate cancer by data‐drilling a de‐identified tumor database
Authors: Ptáková Nikola , Martínek Petr , Holubec Luboš , Janovský Václav , Vančurová Jana , Grossmann Petr , Navarro Paloma Alcaraz , Rodriguez Moreno Juan F. , Alaghehbandan Reza , Hes Ondřej , Májek Ondřej , Pešek Miloš , Michal Michal , Ondič Ondrej
Published: February 2021

The fusion genes containing neuregulin‐1 (NRG1) are newly described potentially actionable oncogenic drivers. Initial clinical trials have shown a positive response to targeted treatment in some cases of NRG1 rearranged lung adenocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and pancreatic carcinoma. The cost‐effective large scale identification of NRG1 rearranged tumors is an open question. We have tested a data‐drilling approach by performing a retrospective assessment of a de‐identified molecular profiling database of 3263 tumors submitted for fusion testing. Gene fusion detection was performed by RNA‐based targeted next‐generation sequencing using the Archer Fusion Plex kits for Illumina (ArcherDX Inc., Boulder, CO). Novel fusion transcripts were confirmed by a custom‐designed RT‐PCR. Also, the aberrant expression of CK20 was studied immunohistochemically. The frequency of NRG1 rearranged tumors was 0.2% (7/3263). The most common histologic type was lung adenocarcinoma (n = 5). Also, renal carcinoma (n = 1) and prostatic adenocarcinoma (n = 1) were found. Identified fusion partners were of a wide range (CD74, SDC4, TNC, VAMP2, UNC5D), with CD74, SDC4 being found twice. The UNC5D is a novel fusion partner identified in prostate adenocarcinoma. There was no co‐occurrence with the other tested fusions nor KRAS, BRAF, and the other gene mutations specified in the applied gene panels. Immunohistochemically, the focal expression of CK20 was present in 2 lung adenocarcinomas. We believe it should be considered as an incidental finding. In conclusion, the overall frequency of tumors with NRG1 fusion was 0.2%. All tumors were carcinomas. We confirm (invasive mucinous) lung adenocarcinoma as being the most frequent tumor presenting NRG1 fusion. Herein novel putative pathogenic gene fusion UNC5D‐NRG1 is described. The potential role of immunohistochemistry in tumor identification should be further addressed.
Evaluating narratives of ecocide with the stratigraphic record at Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, Illinois, USA
Authors: Rankin Caitlin G. , Barrier Casey R. , Horsley Timothy J.
Published: February 2021

Narratives of ecocide, when a society fails due to self‐inflicted ecologic disaster, have been broadly applied to many major archaeological sites based on the expected environmental consequences of known land‐use practices of people in the past. Ecocide narratives often become accepted in a discourse, despite a lack of direct evidence that the hypothesized environmental consequences of land‐use practices occurred. Cahokia Mounds, located in a floodplain of the central Mississippi River Valley, is one such major archaeological site where untested narratives of ecocide have persisted. The wood‐overuse hypothesis suggests that tree clearance in the uplands surrounding Cahokia led to erosion, causing increasingly frequent and unpredictable floods of the local creek drainages in the floodplain where Cahokia Mounds was constructed. Recent archaeological excavations conducted around a Mississippian Period (AD 1050–1400) of earthen mound in the Cahokia Creek floodplain shows that the Ab horizon on which the mound was constructed remained stable until industrial development. The presence of a stable ground surface (Ab horizon) from Mississippian occupation to the mid‐1800s does not support the expectations of the wood‐overuse hypothesis. Ultimately, this research demonstrates that pre‐Colombian ecological change does not inherently cause geomorphic change, and narratives of ecocide related to geomorphic change need to be validated with the stratigraphic record.