bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological Treatments for Personality Disorders
Authors: Crits-Christoph Paul , Barber Jacques P.
Published: January 2015

A Type 2 randomized clinical trial (RCT) of psychosocial treatment for avoidant personality disorder compared three group-administered behavioral interventions (graded exposure, standard social skills training, intimacy-focused social skills training) with a wait-list control; although all three treatments were more efficacious than the control condition, no differences among the treatments were identified either after the 10-week treatment or at follow-up. For the treatment of borderline personality disorder, a Type 1 RCT randomized 101 women with recent suicidal and self-injurious behaviors and borderline personality disorder to either dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) or community-treatment-by-experts psychotherapists (CTBE). Over the 2-year treatment and follow-up period, DBT was superior to CTBE on rates of suicide attempt, hospi-talization for suicide ideation, and overall medical risk (combining suicide attempts and self-injurious acts). Patients in the DBT group were also less likely to drop out of treatment and had fewer psychiatric emergency room visits and fewer psychiatric hospitalizations. There were no significant group differences on measures of depression, reasons for living, and suicide ideation, with patients in both treatment groups improving significantly on these measures. Four additional Type 2 and Type 3 studies support the efficacy of DBT as a treatment for borderline personality disorder with or without comorbid substance abuse or dependence. No RCTs of psychological treatment for other personality disorders have been reported. Several review articles have found a consistent adverse impact of personality disorders on outcomes of treatment for a wide range of Axis I disorders.
Session 2: Creating a Symptom Hierarchy/Psychoeducation
Authors: Piacentini John , Langley Audra , Roblek Tami
Published: January 2015

The second session of treatment introduces the use of the OCD thermometerand symptom hierarchy to monitor symptom progress. The impact of the child's OCD on individual and family functioning is discussed.
Session 6: Reviewing Progress/Child’s Responsibility for Treatment
Authors: Piacentini John , Langley Audra , Roblek Tami
Published: January 2015

Session six continues reviewing progress and performing exposures. The family session discusses behavioral management issues and continuing disengagement from the child's OCD behaviors.
Session 12: Graduation
Authors: Piacentini John , Langley Audra , Roblek Tami
Published: January 2015

Session twelve is the final session of this treatment program. Relapse prevention is discussed, and the child's effort and hard work throughout the program is acknowleged.
Hybrid Power
Authors: Thomas Jay C.
Published: January 2015

Chapter 1 discusses the history of organizational and business consulting psychology (OBCP), and how it is a hybrid specialty composed of multiple sets of traditions. It also covers competencies and outcomes, how the services provided are intended to achieve objectives, typically more than one objective, how science and art are used to design assessments and interventions to achieve these goals; and how this can be termed a ‘technology’.
Legal and Professional Standards Related to Assessment and Personnel Decisions
Authors: Thomas Jay C.
Published: January 2015

No other area of practice in organizational and business consulting psychology is as contentious as the development, validation, and collection of information used in personnel decisions. The competent OBC psychologist working in this arena must be cognizant of laws, regulations, court cases, and professional standards. This chapter outlines this area of knowledge but does not attempt to provide a definitive presentation of all these areas.
Business and Consulting Skills
Authors: Thomas Jay C.
Published: January 2015

Chapter 10 discusses how a number of competencies needed for success in organizational and business consulting psychology are not specific to the field, and can include psychology, personnel and human resources, education and training and mathematics, English language, customer and personal service, administration and management, communications and media, and clerical. It also covers the characteristics needed for forensic work, personal qualities in demand by consulting firms, and business skills.
Individual and Cultural Diversity
Authors: Thomas Jay C.
Published: January 2015

Chapter 12 presents some of the critical issues and competencies related to diversity in OBC, and how the requisite competencies depend on the nature and scope of the psychologist–s practice.
Interpersonal Interactions
Authors: Thomas Jay C.
Published: January 2015

Chapter 13 covers some areas of interpersonal competence that are not often recognized in the OBC psychology literature, including maintaining appropriate role boundaries with clients and their families, working with and supervising new psychologists, working with professionals from other disciplines, competency in working with individuals and groups over long distances using a variety of technologies (internet, etc.), travel, and practice organization.
Professional Identity
Authors: Thomas Jay C.
Published: January 2015

Chapter 14 discusses the profession identity of the OBC psychologist, including professional affiliations, and licensure and certification.
Interpersonal Psychotherapy and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Authors: Hinrichsen Gregory A.
Published: January 2015

Chapter 5 reviews two psychotherapeutic approaches that have been adapted or developed for use with older adults: interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) and psychodynamic psychotherapy. It also discusses the elements of these psychotherapeutic interventions, needed adaptations for older adults, and evidence of their efficacy, and is mindful of competencies outlined in the Pikes Peak Model.
Applying the Pikes Peak Model of Treatment Competency to the Use of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies with Older Adults
Authors: Scogin Forrest , Presnell Andrew
Published: January 2015

Chapter 6 examines specifically the application of Beck’s cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and problem-solving therapy (PST), an adaptation of cognitive-behavioral techniques, with the older adult population. It also uses the Pikes Peak Model to identify the focal areas needed for competent delivery of these treatments with older adults. It also covers the Pikes Peak Model, which outlines six areas to be considered in the competent application of treatment: applying interventions with appropriate modifications, using evidence-based treatments, developing appropriate treatments when there is a lack of evidence available, proficiently employing common late-life intervention, using interventions to enhance the health of diverse elderly persons, and intervening across settings.
Individual and Cultural Diversity Considerations in Geropsychology
Authors: Tazeau Yvette N.
Published: January 2015

Chapter 8 discusses individual and cultural diversity considerations in geropsychology, including how diversity is a broader concept when considered at the individual and cultural levels. It addresses how diversity encompasses ethnicity and race as well as age, gender, income, education, location of residence, national origin (US-born, foreign-born, immigrant status), language, family composition, disability (physical, cognitive, emotional), religion/spirituality, and sexual orientation. It covers the need for the conceptualization of geropsychology to encompass diversity as a foundational competence, and to provide for the ability to meet the needs of today’s changing demographic, of committing the profession to social responsibility, and of ensuring that core practices of assessment, intervention, and consultation will remain innovative and relevant for the needs of older adults.
Assessment Strategies II
Authors: Flanagan Rosemary , Miller Jeff A.
Published: January 2015

Chapter 4 defines and discusses the problem-solving methodology for academic and behavioral problems, explains these research-driven behavioral methods, their link to intervention, and the implications for case conceptualization and reflective practice, explores assessment that meets the demand characteristics of the referral question and the implications for case conceptualization and reflective practice, and provides information on curriculum-based assessment and functional behavioral assessment, as these types of assessment are applications of the problem-solving model.
Consultation
Authors: Flanagan Rosemary , Miller Jeff A.
Published: January 2015

Chapter 7 examines consultation as a professional activity, and addresses the role of consultation specific to school psychology both outside and within schools. It reviews current models of consultation, and discusses consultee-centered consultation, a more complex and sophisticated conceptualization, because of its connection to the competencies in professional psychology. It considers non-treatment variables, which are not a way in which the school psychology literature has addressed practice, as well as other issues of importance, such as diversity, research and evaluation.
Teaching
Authors: Flanagan Rosemary , Miller Jeff A.
Published: January 2015

Chapter 9 discusses the educational levels at which school psychologists are trained, the similarities and differences between the levels of training, the complexities involved in training at two educational levels, and specific issues in training that promote and develop competency and reflective practice, irrespective of educational attainment.
Individual and Cultural Diversity Considerations
Authors: Flanagan Rosemary , Miller Jeff A.
Published: January 2015

Chapter 11 discusses individual and cultural diversity considerations in school psychology, and addresses educational influences and limitations, including linguistic diversity, bilingual education, special education, and gifted youth, physical and other health limitations, ethnic/cultural background, sexual orientation, and spirituality/religion. It also discusses the considerable variability and some overlap among and within these groupings.
Professional Identification
Authors: Flanagan Rosemary , Miller Jeff A.
Published: January 2015

Chapter 12 covers the professional identification and affiliations of school psychologists, as well as matters highly related to professional identification including job satisfaction, the current demographic status of the specialty, and future challenges related to maintaining an adequate base of professionals in the specialty. It also describes the wide variety of professional organizations that maintain control over school psychology by setting standards for self-governance of the profession. Finally, it presents the responsibility and mechanisms for continued professional development of school psychology professionals.
Introduction
Authors: Cox David R. , Cox Richard H. , Caplan Bruce
Published: January 2015

Chapter 1 discusses the roots of rehabilitation psychology, which are found in the assessment and treatment of persons with a disability, whether congenital or acquired, and how the growth and development of the field can be traced in large part to care provided to returning veterans. It covers the establishment of Division 22 of the American Psychological Association (APA) and of a specialty competency examination board, the American Board of Rehabilitation Psychology (ABRP), which were significant historical milestones. Lastly, it addresses how Rehabilitation Psychology continues to refine standards of education, training and experience, delineating a route toward board certification as well as continuing education offerings to enable maintenance of competence by practicing clinicians.
Ethical and Legal Issues
Authors: Cox David R. , Cox Richard H. , Caplan Bruce
Published: January 2015

Chapter 2 discusses how psychologists are expected to practice in accordance with a code of conduct and ethical standards, typically those adopted by the APA, and how several areas of law (including, but not limited to, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), and Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)) are relevant to rehabilitation psychology in that they specifically address issues pertinent to persons with disabilities. It also covers cases where matters of competency, capacity, disability, accessibility to services and environments, and sensitivity regarding the treatment of individuals with disabilities are at issue, and how both ethical and legal matters frequently require consultation both within and outside of the provision of direct clinical care. Lastly it stresses how those treating patients must be cognizant of the ethical, legal and clinical implications for the practice of the specialty, respect and adhere to those in their daily activities, and seek consultation when appropriate.
Assessment
Authors: Cox David R. , Cox Richard H. , Caplan Bruce
Published: January 2015

Chapter 6 discusses the broad individual differences in presentation of impairment, handicap and/or disability, and how these necessitate versatility and flexibility in the use of assessment and evaluation tools, as well as how accommodations may need to be provided to adequately assess the individual’s strengths and weaknesses, often requiring skill in nonstandard assessment techniques. It covers how determining the ecological validity of the assessment tools and describing the implications of the findings for treatment planning are key components in reporting the results of rehabilitation psychology assessment. It also touches on how the extrapolation of assessment findings to anticipated impact on functional activities for the rehabilitation patient, including the likelihood of amelioration or remediation of deficits, is a unique contribution provided by the competent RP.
Consultation
Authors: Cox David R. , Cox Richard H. , Caplan Bruce
Published: January 2015

Chapter 7 discusses the various ways in which the RP may perform their role in a consultatory fashion, which may include serving as a core member of a treatment team, conferring with other healthcare professionals in a more autonomous fashion, consulting with attorneys or the court system in legal proceedings, advising businesses or schools about job site or educational accommodations, and evaluating the individual with reference to impairment/disability issues. It also discusses how, in this role, the RP may encounter different treatment team models across organizations; the interdisciplinary team, multidisciplinary team, and transdisciplinary team, and how issues of behavioural difficulties and/or compliance with treatment may often prompt psychological consultation. It also covers the importance of possessing the ability and willingness to respond to specific referral questions, alongside timeliness, competency, facility in establishing rapport, usefulness of reporting and recommendations, and diagnostic and treatment planning acumen.
Consumer Protection
Authors: Cox David R. , Cox Richard H. , Caplan Bruce
Published: January 2015

Chapter 7 discusses the expectation of the RP to act as advocate for and protect the interests of persons with disability and other consumers of rehabilitation psychology services, historically a major focus of the specialty area. It covers how the ABRP expects that candidates demonstrate competency in consumer protection through effective advocacy about laws related to and including the ADA; sensitivity to multicultural and diversity factors, including participation in consumer groups; activity in professional organizations on local, state and national levels; earning board certification in the specialty; and provision of public education services. It also discusses services and community supports for the patients RPs treat, focusing on the patient’s ability to engage maximally in independent living and on increasing patients’ quality of life.
Intervention
Authors: Cox David R. , Cox Richard H. , Caplan Bruce
Published: January 2015

Chapter 9 discusses the role of the RP in interventions, which are fundamental and essential activities that increase the functioning of individuals with disabilities, enhance their quality of life, and help restore them to satisfying and productive lives, and how the RP must ascertain and implement appropriate intervention(s) for given individuals as well as monitor their progress, and modifying treatments as needed. It covers how intervention may be provided on an individual level or with couples and/or families, and how it may address psychological issues (e.g., coping, denial, depression, interpersonal relationships), physical issues (e.g., movement disorders), or cognitive dysfunction (e.g., impaired attention; executive dysfunction). Lastly, it covers the wide array of interventions may be utilized including accommodations, assistive technology, cognitive rehabilitation techniques, medication and behavioral programs, and how some interventions are general and adaptable to a variety of functional states, while others are more condition-specific (e.g., constraint-induced movement therapy for movement disorders; use of the PLISSIT model in treating sexual dysfunction).
Science Base and Knowledge
Authors: Cox David R. , Cox Richard H. , Caplan Bruce
Published: January 2015

Chapter 10 discusses the increased demand on all disciplines for provision of evidence-based (or supported) treatment, and the empirical evidence for the efficacy and cost-efficiency of their work; RPs have needed to demonstrate 'change' in treated patients through measurement of functional outcome, and assessment and measurement of function with attention to the ecological validity of the process. Many Rehabilitation Psychologists and rehabilitation facilities have become accustomed to the requirement that they demonstrate improved outcomes in order to be paid for services. Paid-for services are often recommended following formal assessment using measures that may be repeated (or similar, equivalent measures may be used) to assess progress and/or outcomes, and RPs must demonstrate improved outcomes in exchange for this payment. Also covers is how this has helped to establish a science base for Rehabilitation Psychology techniques that, while chronologically young, is growing and is a fundamental component of the specialty.
Supervision, Teaching, and Management
Authors: Cox David R. , Cox Richard H. , Caplan Bruce
Published: January 2015

Chapter 11 discusses how supervision, teaching and/or management are important aspects of the specialty, and while these roles are typically not primary ones, and may be entirely foreign to some Rehabilitation Psychologists, the ABRP has designated them as complementary to the required competency areas and does not require demonstration of competency. It also covers the several styles of supervision, teaching and managing that exist, how some perhaps are better-suited for one setting over another, and how the RP engaged in these activities must be competent in using the tools of each to foster growth in those being supervised, taught or managed. Lastly, it covers that, although training in supervision has not always been included in psychology curriculum, it has been receiving increased attention.
Treatment for Hoarding Disorder
Authors: Steketee Gail , Frost Randy O.
Published: January 2015

This online Second Edition of Treatment for Hoarding Disorder is the culmination of more than 20 years of research on understanding hoarding and building an effective intervention to address its myriad components. Thoroughly updated and reflective of changes made to the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5), this online client workbook outlines an empirically supported and effective CBT program for treating hoarding disorder. It helps to guide clients through their treatment for hoarding disorder with their clinician. It includes homework, forms, exercises, and behavioral experiments to test personal beliefs about possessions, develop an organization plan and filing system, and sort and organize items room by room. A major goal of the treatment is to recapture the positive role of possessions in the lives of people with hoarding problems, and strategies are outlined for sustaining gains and making further progress, as well as for managing stressful life events that can provoke problematic acquiring and difficulty discarding.
Introduction
Authors: Steketee Gail , Frost Randy O.
Published: January 2015

Chapter 1 summarizes hoarding symptoms, including problems processing information, patterns of thinking about possessions comorbidity, and why hoarding persists even when it causes serious problems. The chapter describes treatment for hoarding and how to use this workbook. Hoarding disorder (HD) refers to excessive urges to save objects, with accompanying difficulty discarding or removing them from the home and clutter that impairs functioning and is often distressing. Hoarding is often accompanied by excessive acquiring behaviors.
Assessing Hoarding Problems
Authors: Steketee Gail , Frost Randy O.
Published: January 2015

Chapter 2 guides clients in how to measure hoarding symptoms and related problems. Standard forms and scoring instructions in the chapter allow clients to determine the severity and impact of their hoarding and acquiring behaviors, as well as thoughts about hoarding, daily living activities, and home safety. Clients begin to record information from each session on their own personal session form. A home visit helps plan the treatment. Options to work with a coach are considered, along with simple homework that will be useful for the next session.
Skills Training
Authors: Steketee Gail , Frost Randy O.
Published: January 2015

Chapter 6 encourages clients to learn problem-solving skills and task reminders to help remove impediments that can interfere with progress on hoarding. They also learn to sort and organize items they want to keep or remove using a personal organizing form that guides decisions. This includes a plan for where to keep objects and papers and guidelines for how long to keep certain papers. Preparation for organizing includes assembling materials needed for filing and storing items. Several forms for clients to use help guide the process.
Maintaining Your Gains
Authors: Steketee Gail , Frost Randy O.
Published: January 2015

Chapter 9 includes forms to assist clients in re-evaluating their hoarding and acquiring to determine progress during therapy. Clients review their hoarding model and initial therapy goals, as well as all of the treatment methods used so they can decide which ones worked best and they should continue to use. Clients try to anticipate potential problems that might occur in the coming months to decide on strategies for continuing to work on their hoarding and whether to schedule booster sessions..
Is This Treatment Right for You?
Authors: Barlow David H. , Ellard Kristen K. , Fairholme Christopher P. , Farchione Todd J. , Boisseau Christina L. , Allen Laura B. , Ehrenreich-May Jill
Published: January 2015

Chapter 2 explores if this treatment program is right for you, and provides an outline of the treatment program, using this treatment program alongside other treatments, the benefits of the program, and the costs of the program.
Maintaining Motivation and Setting Goals for Treatment
Authors: Barlow David H. , Ellard Kristen K. , Fairholme Christopher P. , Farchione Todd J. , Boisseau Christina L. , Allen Laura B. , Ehrenreich-May Jill
Published: January 2015

Chapter 4 discusses how to maintain motivation and set goals for the treatment program. An exercise in decisional balance is outlined, as well as the process of setting manageable goals for treatment.
Recognizing and Tracking Your Emotional Responses
Authors: Barlow David H. , Ellard Kristen K. , Fairholme Christopher P. , Farchione Todd J. , Boisseau Christina L. , Allen Laura B. , Ehrenreich-May Jill
Published: January 2015

Chapter 6 encourages the client to recognise and track their emotional responses, using the ARC model to monitor emotional experiences. Learned behaviors are also explored.
Learning to Observe Your Emotions and Your Reactions to Your Emotions
Authors: Barlow David H. , Ellard Kristen K. , Fairholme Christopher P. , Farchione Todd J. , Boisseau Christina L. , Allen Laura B. , Ehrenreich-May Jill
Published: January 2015

Chapter 7 discusses learning to observe your emotions, your reactions to your emotions, and emotional awareness. Nonjudgmental emotional awareness is explored, along with distinguishing emotions from reactions to emotions, the importance of focusing on the present, practicing present-focused, nonjudgmental awareness, and excercises to practice anchoring in the present.
Understanding Thoughts: Thinking the Worst and Overestimating the Risk
Authors: Barlow David H. , Ellard Kristen K. , Fairholme Christopher P. , Farchione Todd J. , Boisseau Christina L. , Allen Laura B. , Ehrenreich-May Jill
Published: January 2015

Chapter 8 explores how to understand thoughts and perform cognitive appraisals with the use of an ambiguous picture exercise. Automatic appraisals are discussed, along with how to identify core automatic appraisals. Thinking traps (probability overestimation, catastrophizing) and cognitive reappraisal are also explored.
Understanding Behaviors 1: Avoiding Your Emotions
Authors: Barlow David H. , Ellard Kristen K. , Fairholme Christopher P. , Farchione Todd J. , Boisseau Christina L. , Allen Laura B. , Ehrenreich-May Jill
Published: January 2015

Chapter 9 discusses how to understand behaviors of emotion avoidance. Emotion avoidance is introduced, followed by types of emotion avoidance strategies (subtle behavioral avoidance, cognitive avoidance strategies, the use of safety signals) and a demonstration exercise of emotion avoidance strategies.
Understanding Behaviors 2: Emotion-Driven Behaviors
Authors: Barlow David H. , Ellard Kristen K. , Fairholme Christopher P. , Farchione Todd J. , Boisseau Christina L. , Allen Laura B. , Ehrenreich-May Jill
Published: January 2015

Chapter 10 outlines how to understand emotion-driven behaviors (EDBs), including what EDBs are, examples of EDBs, how EDBs maintain the emotional response, and methods of countering patterns of avoidance and EDBs (adopting patterns of approach as opposed to avoidance, the power of alternative action)
Putting It into Practice: Facing Your Emotions in the Situations in which They Occur
Authors: Barlow David H. , Ellard Kristen K. , Fairholme Christopher P. , Farchione Todd J. , Boisseau Christina L. , Allen Laura B. , Ehrenreich-May Jill
Published: January 2015

Chapter 12 discusses methods of putting what has been learned throughout the therapy sessions into practice and facing your emotions in the situations in which they occur. Emotion exposures are introduced (situationally-based, imaginal, and physical sensation exposures) along with methods for practicing emotion exposures, and key pointers to remember about exposure practice.
Moving On From Here—Recognizing Your Accomplishments and Looking to Your Future
Authors: Barlow David H. , Ellard Kristen K. , Fairholme Christopher P. , Farchione Todd J. , Boisseau Christina L. , Allen Laura B. , Ehrenreich-May Jill
Published: January 2015

Chapter 14 concludes the treatment program and reviews the key concepts and skills that have been learned. The progress that has been made is evaluated, and suggestions for developing a practice plan, being your own therapist, forming long-term goals, maintaining progress and managing setbacks are made.
Solitary Mastocytoma of the Eyelid in an Adult Patient With Prolidase Deficiency
Authors: Ma Shirley P. , Hardy Thomas G.
Published: January 2015

Prolidase deficiency and solitary mastocytoma of the eyelid are both exceedingly rare. Prolidase deficiency is an inherited connective tissue disorder that has systemic sequelae, such as intractable skin ulceration, poor wound healing, recurrent infections, and intellectual impairment. Cutaneous mastocytoma is an isolated, aberrant cutaneous aggregation of mast cells. A case of an adult with severe prolidase deficiency who developed cutaneous mastocytoma of the eyelid was presented. To the authors’ knowledge, adult-onset solitary mastocytoma of the eyelid has never been reported previously.
Primate pelvic anatomy and implications for birth
Authors: Trevathan Wenda
Published: January 2015

The pelvis performs two major functions for terrestrial mammals. It provides somewhat rigid support for muscles engaged in locomotion and, for females, it serves as the birth canal. The result for many species, and especially for encephalized primates, is an ‘obstetric dilemma’ whereby the neonate often has to negotiate a tight squeeze in order to be born. On top of what was probably a baseline of challenging birth, locomotor changes in the evolution of bipedalism in the human lineage resulted in an even more complex birth process. Negotiation of the bipedal pelvis requires a series of rotations, the end of which has the infant emerging from the birth canal facing the opposite direction from the mother. This pattern, strikingly different from what is typically seen in monkeys and apes, places a premium on having assistance at delivery. Recently reported observations of births in monkeys and apes are used to compare the process in human and non-human primates, highlighting similarities and differences. These include presentation (face, occiput anterior or posterior), internal and external rotation, use of the hands by mothers and infants, reliance on assistance, and the developmental state of the neonate.
The role and interaction of imprinted genes in human fetal growth
Authors: Moore Gudrun E. , Ishida Miho , Demetriou Charalambos , Al-Olabi Lara , Leon Lydia J. , Thomas Anna C. , Abu-Amero Sayeda , Frost Jennifer M. , Stafford Jaime L. , Chaoqun Yao , Duncan Andrew J. , Baigel Rachel , Brimioulle Marina , Iglesias-Platas Isabel , Apostolidou Sophia , Aggarwal Reena , Whittaker John C. , Syngelaki Argyro , Nicolaides Kypros H. , Regan Lesley , Monk David , Stanier Philip
Published: January 2015

Identifying the genetic input for fetal growth will help to understand common, serious complications of pregnancy such as fetal growth restriction. Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic process that silences one parental allele, resulting in monoallelic expression. Imprinted genes are important in mammalian fetal growth and development. Evidence has emerged showing that genes that are paternally expressed promote fetal growth, whereas maternally expressed genes suppress growth. We have assessed whether the expression levels of key imprinted genes correlate with fetal growth parameters during pregnancy, either early in gestation, using chorionic villus samples (CVS), or in term placenta. We have found that the expression of paternally expressing insulin-like growth factor 2 (
IGF2
), its receptor
IGF2R
, and the
IGF2
/
IGF1R
ratio in CVS tissues significantly correlate with crown–rump length and birthweight, whereas term placenta expression shows no correlation. For the maternally expressing pleckstrin homology-like domain family A, member 2 (
PHLDA2
), there is no correlation early in pregnancy in CVS but a highly significant negative relationship in term placenta. Analysis of the control of imprinted expression of
PHLDA2
gave rise to a maternally and compounded grand-maternally controlled genetic effect with a birthweight increase of 93/155 g, respectively, when one copy of the
PHLDA2
promoter variant is inherited. Expression of the growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (
GRB10
) in term placenta is significantly negatively correlated with head circumference. Analysis of the paternally expressing delta-like 1 homologue (
DLK1
) shows that the paternal transmission of type 1 diabetes protective G allele of rs941576 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) results in significantly reduced birth weight (−132 g). In conclusion, we have found that the expression of key imprinted genes show a strong correlation with fetal growth and that for both genetic and genomics data analyses, it is important not to overlook parent-of-origin effects.
Purchase, storage, and preparation of eggs and poultry in selected European countries
Authors: Koppel Kadri , Timberg Loreida , Shalimov Roman , Vázquez-Araújo Laura , Carbonell-Barracchina Angel A. , Di Donfrancesco Brizio , Chambers IV Edgar
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– Foodborne illnesses are often related to raw and cooked poultry and meat, eggs, and their products. Consumer practices related to these foods have been studied in many countries, however, little comparison has been made among different countries. The purpose of this paper is to characterize consumers’ purchase, storage, handling, and preparation of poultry products and eggs in four European countries: Russia, Estonia, Italy, and Spain.

Design/methodology/approach

– Approximately 100 selected consumers in each location completed a questionnaire that included sections about poultry products and eggs purchase temperatures and locations, storage locations such as refrigerator, freezer, or cabinet, and preparation such as washing eggs and poultry before cooking, and the use of cutting boards.

Findings

– Although educating consumers in European countries is common, some food safety aspects may need to be additionally addressed. The results indicated differences in purchase and storage practices of raw eggs. In Russia and Estonia consumers who participated in the study purchased both refrigerated and room temperature eggs whereas in Italy (84 percent) and Spain (87 percent) eggs typically were purchased at room temperature. However, almost all consumers in all countries stored eggs in the refrigerator. In Russia 70 percent of the consumers who participated in the study immediately froze raw meat, poultry, or seafood after purchase; while in other countries about a quarter of the consumers froze the raw meat.

Research limitations/implications

– This research was limited by the number of respondents in each country that does not allow extrapolation of results.

Originality/value

– Food preparation practices revealed behavior that supports cross-contamination during cooking, such as washing raw poultry and eggs. A uniform approach to food safety practices related research, such as presented in this study, would help define overlapping critical points in consumer behavior and create educational messages based on the information gathered.
Price strategies for sustainable food products
Authors: Ingenbleek Paul T.M.
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– Sustainable products often suffer a competitive disadvantage compared with mainstream products because they must cover ecological and social costs that their competitors leave to future generations. The purpose of this paper is to identify price strategies for sustainable products that minimize this efficiency disadvantage.

Design/methodology/approach

– The strategies and their determinants from the pricing environment are derived from an inductive sequential case study of certified food products, such as organic and fair trade products. Data are collected through desk research and interviews.

Findings

– The results reveal six different strategies that build on three basic mechanisms: cost-based pricing in combination with price fairness, increasing willingness to pay through perceptions of quality and/or price, and price stability in which costs are compensated for by scale and/or learning effects.

Research limitations/implications

– The framework can help companies that offer sustainable products strengthen their market positions and it can help policy makers that partly rely on markets to achieve sustainability objectives.

Originality/value

– The existing pricing literature on sustainability predominantly takes a consumer approach. This study breaks new ground by extending this work with a strategic marketing approach offering a choice set of strategies for managers.
Does seafood knowledge relate to more sustainable consumption?
Authors: Almeida Cheila , Altintzoglou Themistoklis , Cabral Henrique , Vaz Sofia
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– Portugal is a country with one of the highest seafood consumption per capita in the world. The purpose of this paper is to understand the Portuguese knowledge and attitudes towards seafood and relate it to consumers’ environmental conscious.

Design/methodology/approach

– Using an internet-based survey the authors investigated the relation of socio-demographic variables to consumption frequency and how knowledge about seafood is associated with interest in different information when purchasing seafood products.

Findings

– Results demonstrate consumption of a high diversity of species. Tuna and cod are the top species related to convenience and food traditions. There is a preference to consume seafood mostly at home and prepared grilled. Differences between higher and lower knowledgeable consumers’ related to seafood, show that the first ones have a more diversified use of species and high prevalence of small pelagic fish.

Research limitations/implications

– The findings are influenced by the sample obtained, which over-represents well-educated and higher income people. Moreover the self-reported consumption can be biased by individuals own perceptions and different seafood products. Better estimations of consumption frequency could result from asking more detailed information, as such as by species or meal occasions.

Practical implications

– Portuguese consumers have high knowledge about seafood but it is not necessarily related to sustainable choices. To help in sustainable seafood choices it might be more effective to promote existing habits based on Portuguese traditions that still are good alternatives for the marine environment.

Originality/value

– A higher consumer’s knowledge does not necessarily mean more sustainability.
The need for reassurance and modern food consumption
Authors: Yangui Wejdene , Hajtaïeb El Aoud Nibrass
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore the determinants of the need for reassurance, while emphasizing the role of perceived traceability.

Design/methodology/approach

– Data were collected through individual interviews, and analyzed by thematic analysis.

Findings

– Results showed that the traceability of modern foods is low perceived by the consumers. This indirectly influences the need for reassurance toward the modern foods by reducing the confidence in these products and strengthening the feeling about the risk associated to their consumption.

Research limitations/implications

– The major limits of this paper concern the development of the research model through the means of an exploratory study. This can affect the possibility to generalize results since the described hypotheses are not quantitatively validated. Another limit is concerned by the non-investigation of moderating factors, which can be the object of future researches.

Originality/value

– This paper is one of the few efforts integrating the need for reassurance in a theoretical model of consumer behavior, and explaining its origins. This justifies the use of a qualitative methodology.
Simulation modelling
Authors: Troy Amy-Jane , Bogue Joe
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to utilise market-oriented methodologies and simulation analysis to generate information regarding consumers’ attitudes, opinions and preferences towards novel β-glucan-enriched breads.

Design/methodology/approach

– Focus Groups and In-depth interviews were used to generate consumer information on potentially suitable attributes that would maximise consumer acceptance. The approach involved the creation of a set of realistic product concepts from a combination of attribute levels and the presentation of these product concepts to consumers. A fractional factorial design generated an orthogonal array of 22 hypothetical products that were presented to consumers for rating while K-means cluster analysis was used to segment consumers into four specific consumer segments. The simulation analysis then identified β-glucan-enriched bread concepts targeted specifically at these four market segments.

Findings

– The simulation analysis identified β-glucan-enriched bread concepts targeted specifically at these four market segments.

Originality/value

– This research can assist manufacturers who wish to optimally design foods with novel ingredients and aid in the development of product concepts which maximise consumer acceptance and increase the likelihood of product success.
Factors affecting farmers’ participation in China’s group guarantee lending program
Authors: Kong Rong , Turvey Calum Greig , Channa Hira , Peng Yanling
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– Based on a survey of 897 farm households, the purpose of this paper is to build a framework using cluster analysis to explain how farmers make decisions on joining group guarantee, and analyzes factors influencing their decisions using multinomial and binary Logit regressions.

Design/methodology/approach

– The approach of combining cluster analysis with Logit regression is an innovative approach to survey assessment. In addition, by design the authors have identified the four mutually exclusive groups of borrowers combining Group Guarantee membership and actual formal borrowing.

Findings

– An extremely important observation according to the data is that most farmers appear to be part of group guarantees only because they have to in order to get access to formal credit products. 87.21 percent of the people who belong to groups and utilize the formal credit products belong to this category because their lenders have made participation in groups compulsory for access to credit. This may ration farmers’ willingness to even apply for credit. It also indicates a preference on the part of older and more risk-averse respondents to avoid participation in group guarantees. Out of financial characteristics the total loan holdings appears to be the only significant indicator of participation in group guarantees. Furthermore the results indicate that informal and formal credit appear to be replaceable for farmers.

Research limitations/implications

– The survey is confined only to the counties investigated. China is very diverse in its agricultural economies and many RCCs operate under different guidance and rules from those investigated here. Hence, while the authors can claim that the results are indicative, the authors cannot claim that they will hold generally.

Practical implications

– Based on group guarantee loan mechanism and survey data analysis of 897 farm households, this paper analyzes influencing factors affecting farmers’ participation in group guarantees from microcosmic level, so as to provide some reference to further perfect micro credit operation mode and mechanism.

Social implications

– The results indicate that the Group Guarantee mechanism, while beneficial to some, may not hold global appeal for Chinese farmers. In the future RCCs may want to consider alternative approaches to loan security than placing the burden of guarantee on farmers’ family and friends.

Originality/value

– The approach of combining cluster analysis with Logit regression is an innovative approach to survey assessment. In addition, by design the authors have identified the four mutually exclusive groups of borrowers combining Group Guarantee membership and actual formal borrowing.
Balancing between organizations and society: exploring Chinese organizations’ legitimacy efforts
Authors: Yao Shuo , Brummette John , Luo Yi
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– Based on the literature on organizational legitimacy, organizations must adhere to the value-driven standards inherent in the cultures in which they operate. Organizations’ Web sites help increase the public’s awareness and understanding of their values and culture. The purpose of this paper is to examine the strategic legitimation efforts of Chinese organizations through their Web content.

Design/methodology/approach

– To identify the core values and cultures communicated by Chinese organizations, a systematic content analysis was conducted on the Web contents of ChineseFortune 500companies (n=500) as listed by the 2010 ChineseFortune 500online magazine.

Findings

– The major findings included the following: over half (i.e. 62.2 percent) of the ChineseFortune 500companies communicated their organizational values on their Web sites; this study identified some key value clusters (e.g. such as trustworthiness, propriety, benevolence, or self-regulation) for Chinese organizations’ legitimacy; Confucianism exerted a strong influence on these Chinese organizations’ values; and Chinese organizations relied on cooperation and coordination to achieve harmonic relationships with others.

Research limitations/implications

– The current study only focussed on the most profitable and successful Chinese organizations. Future studies could extend this analysis to examine differences between the values communicated by privately owned and non-profit organizations in China. Since the current study adopted a strategic organizational legitimacy framework, future research should use an institutional legitimacy framework by actively assessing the relational networks of Chinese consumers to identify the societal standards that make up organizational legitimacy from the consumer perspective. Focus groups or in-depth interviews with various consumers and employees would help identify these expectations and their corresponding values and provide an in-depth examination of how these standards are created.

Practical implications

– This study suggested two key implications. First, Chinese organizations believe that the values (e.g. harmony, truth-seeking, or unity) held by employees have formed the foundation of organizational behavior or image. Second, individual and cultural values have guiding roles in the standards that constituents establish for organizations. Global communication practitioners must counsel managers conducting business with Chinese organizations to recognize the cultural influence on how Chinese companies conduct business.

Originality/value

– This study represents a pioneering study in a series of studies focussed on conceptualizing organizational legitimacy in Chinese cultures.
Understanding control in nonprofit organisations: moving governance research forward?
Authors: Byers Terri , Anagnostopoulos Christos , Brooke-Holmes Georgina
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of organisational control and both its importance and utility for understanding nonprofit organisations.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper uses a critical realist (CR) methodology to discuss the concept of control and its utility to research on governance of nonprofit organisations.

Findings

– The current study offers a conceptual framework that presents a holistic view of control, relevant for analysing nonprofit organisations, and a methodological lens (CR) through which this framework can be implemented.

Research limitations/implications

– This paper suggests that studies of governance should consider different levels of analysis, as suggested by examining the concept of control using a CR framework. This notion has yet to be tested empirically and a framework for examining governance from a CR perspective of control is suggested. Context is highly relevant to understanding control, and thus, this model requires testing in a wide diversity of nonprofit sectors, sizes of organisations and time periods.

Originality/value

– The literature on organisational control provides useful insights to advance our understanding of nonprofit organisations beyond the notion of governance, and this paper proposes both conceptual and methodological underpinnings to facilitate future research.