bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E-Nose Technology for Mycotoxin Detection in Feed: Ready for a Real Context in Field Application or Still an Emerging Technology?
Authors: Cheli Federica , Ottoboni Matteo , Fumagalli Francesca , Mazzoleni Sharon , Ferrari Luca , Pinotti Luciano
Published: February 2023

Mycotoxin risk in the feed supply chain poses a concern to animal and human health, economy, and international trade of agri-food commodities. Mycotoxin contamination in feed and food is unavoidable and unpredictable. Therefore, monitoring and control are the critical points. Effective and rapid methods for mycotoxin detection, at the levels set by the regulations, are needed for an efficient mycotoxin management. This review provides an overview of the use of the electronic nose (e-nose) as an effective tool for rapid mycotoxin detection and management of the mycotoxin risk at feed business level. E-nose has a high discrimination accuracy between non-contaminated and single-mycotoxin-contaminated grain. However, the predictive accuracy of e-nose is still limited and unsuitable for in-field application, where mycotoxin co-contamination occurs. Further research needs to be focused on the sensor materials, data analysis, pattern recognition systems, and a better understanding of the needs of the feed industry for a safety and quality management of the feed supply chain. A universal e-nose for mycotoxin detection is not realistic; a unique e-nose must be designed for each specific application. Robust and suitable e-nose method and advancements in signal processing algorithms must be validated for specific needs.
Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin B in Focal Hyperhidrosis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Campanati Anna , Diotallevi Federico , Radi Giulia , Martina Emanuela , Marconi Barbara , Bobyr Ivan , Offidani Annamaria
Published: February 2023

Botulinum toxin type B (BoNT-B), known as Myobloc® in the United States and as Neurobloc® in Europe, is a new therapeutically available serotype among the botulinum toxin family. During the last years several data have been reported in literature investigating its efficacy and safety, as well as defining the dosing and application regiments of BoNT-B in the treatment of hyperhidrosis. Moreover, recent studies have been examining its safety profile, which may be different from those known about BoNT-A. The aim of this review is to provide information about what is currently known about BoNT-B in regards to the treatment of focal hyperhidrosis.
Multi-Mycotoxin Method Development Using Ultra-High Liquid Chromatography with Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Detection in Breakfast Cereals from the Campania Region, Italy
Authors: Narváez Alfonso , Izzo Luana , Castaldo Luigi , Lombardi Sonia , Rodríguez-Carrasco Yelko , Ritieni Alberto
Published: February 2023

Breakfast cereals have been reported as one of the most susceptible cereal-based products to mycotoxin contamination. These products pose an even more concerning risk to human health since they are marketed as a ready-to-eat product and one of its main population targets is children. Therefore, the main goal of the present study was to conduct a monitoring study of multiple mycotoxins contained in breakfast cereals samples marketed in Italy through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution Q-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. An acetonitrile-based methodology was validated for quantifying 24 mycotoxins in breakfast cereals. The results showed that 93% of the samples contained at least one mycotoxin. Beauvericin was the most prevalent toxin (86% of samples; mean concentration: 30.66 µg/kg), although the main enniatins, zearalenone-derived forms and fumonisins B1 and B2 were also detected. Co-occurrence was observed in 73% of the positive samples with up to five mycotoxins simultaneously occurring, mainly due to the combination of beauvericin and enniatins. These results provided more evidence about the high impact of non-regulated mycotoxins, such as the emerging Fusarium toxins, in breakfast cereals, and encourages the development of analytical methodologies including these and zearalenone-derived forms that could be going unnoticed with current methodologies.
Using Molecular Spectroscopic Techniques (NIR and ATR-FT/MIR) Coupling with Various Chemometrics to Test Possibility to Reveal Chemical and Molecular Response of Cool-Season Adapted Wheat Grain to Ergot Alkaloids
Authors: Shi Haitao , Yu Peiqiang
Published: February 2023

The objectives of this study were to explore the possibility of using near infrared (NIR) and Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy—attenuated total reflectance (ATR-FT/MIR) molecular spectroscopic techniques as non-invasive and rapid methods for the quantification of six major ergot alkaloids (EAs) in cool-season wheat. In total, 107 wheat grain samples were collected, and the concentration of six major EAs was analyzed using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique. The mean content of the total EAs—ergotamine, ergosine, ergometrine, ergocryptine, ergocristine, and ergocornine—was 1099.3, 337.5, 56.9, 150.6, 142.1, 743.3, and 97.45 μg/kg, respectively. The NIR spectra were taken from 680 to 2500 nm, and the MIR spectra were recorded from 4000–700 cm−1. The spectral data were transformed by various preprocessing techniques (which included: FD: first derivative; SNV: standard normal variate; FD-SNV: first derivative + SNV; MSC: multiplicative scattering correction; SNV-Detrending: SNV + detrending; SD-SNV: second derivative + SNV; SNV-SD: SNV + first derivative); and sensitive wavelengths were selected. The partial least squares (PLS) regression models were developed for EA validation statistics. Results showed that the constructed models obtained weak calibration and cross-validation parameters, and none of the models was able to accurately predict external samples. The relatively low levels of EAs in the contaminated wheat samples might be lower than the detection limits of the NIR and ATR-FT/MIR spectroscopies. More research is needed to determine the limitations of the ATR-FT/MIR and NIR techniques for quantifying EAs in various sample matrices and to develop acceptable models.
Mixtures of Mycotoxins, Phytoestrogens, and Other Secondary Metabolites in Whole-Plant Corn Silages and Total Mixed Rations of Dairy Farms in Central and Northern Mexico
Authors: Penagos-Tabares Felipe , Sulyok Michael , Artavia Juan-Ignacio , Flores-Quiroz Samanta-Irais , Garzón-Pérez César , Castillo-Lopez Ezequías , Zavala Luis , Orozco Juan-David , Faas Johannes , Krska Rudolf , Zebeli Qendrim
Published: February 2023

Mycotoxins and endocrine disruptors such as phytoestrogens can affect cattle health, reproduction, and productivity. Most studies of mycotoxins in dairy feeds in Mexico and worldwide have been focused on a few (regulated) mycotoxins. In contrast, less known fungal toxins, phytoestrogens, and other metabolites have been neglected and underestimated. This study analyzed a broad spectrum (>800) of mycotoxins, phytoestrogens, and fungal, plant, and unspecific secondary metabolites in whole-plant corn silages (WPCSs) and total mixed rations (TMRs) collected from 19 Mexican dairy farms. A validated multi-metabolite liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometric (LC/ESI–MS/MS) method was used. Our results revealed 125 of >800 tested (potentially toxic) secondary metabolites. WPCSs/TMRs in Mexico presented ubiquitous contamination with mycotoxins, phytoestrogens, and other metabolites. The average number of mycotoxins per TMR was 24, ranging from 9 to 31. Fusarium-derived secondary metabolites showed the highest frequencies, concentrations, and diversity among the detected fungal compounds. The most frequently detected mycotoxins in TMRs were zearalenone (ZEN) (100%), fumonisin B1 (FB1) (84%), and deoxynivalenol (84%). Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA), previously reported in Mexico, were not detected. All TMR samples tested positive for phytoestrogens. Among the investigated dietary ingredients, corn stover, sorghum silage, and concentrate proportions were the most correlated with levels of total mycotoxins, fumonisins (Fs), and ergot alkaloids, respectively.
Women Living with HIV in Italian Prison Settings: Results from the Gender-Specific ROSE Network
Authors: Rastrelli Elena , Fiore Vito , Ranieri Roberto , Pontali Emanuele , Prestileo Tullio , Barbarini Giorgio , Ialungo Anna Maria , Dell’Isola Serena , De Vito Andrea , Bolcato Matteo , Madeddu Giordano , Di Mizio Giulio , Starnini Giulio , Babudieri Sergio
Published: February 2023

Background: Incarcerated women are a minority in the Italian prison population. The lack of prevention and awareness of HIV infection and the lack of access to treatment make the treatment path difficult. Methods: we conducted a multi-center study including incarcerated women living with HIV (WLWH). Results: The study included 85 WLWH with a mean age of 41.7 ± 8.7 years, and 58.8% (50/85) of them were Italian. Principally, HIV transmission was related to sexual intercourse, 47% of all patients were PWIDs, and 62.5% of them were on opioid substitution therapy (OST). Overall, 56.4% of the included patients had a CD4+ cell count of >500 cells/mmc. Among the participants, 92.9% were on antiretroviral therapy, 87.3% had treatment before incarceration, and 83.5% were virologically suppressed. Among the 13 non-virally-suppressed patients, 53.8% were unaware of their serological status before incarceration and had started HAART but were still not virologically suppressed; 46.2% (6/13) had a lack of compliance or had suspended the treatment before incarceration and restarted it after admission. All patients with chronic hepatitis C underwent treatment with direct-acting antivirals and reached a sustained virological response. Conclusions: the detention of these women could represent an occasion for the patients’ healthcare provision and use, and the creation of a gender-specific network can be an effective strategy for reaching this population.
Impact of COVID-19 on Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Vosko Ivan , Zirlik Andreas , Bugger Heiko
Published: February 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection with the novel severe acute respiratory distress syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Until now, more than 670 million people have suffered from COVID-19 worldwide, and roughly 7 million death cases were attributed to COVID-19. Recent evidence suggests an interplay between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease (CVD). COVID-19 may serve as a yet underappreciated CVD risk modifier, including risk factors such as diabetes mellitus or arterial hypertension. In addition, recent data suggest that previous COVID-19 may increase the risk for many entities of CVD to an extent similarly observed for traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. Furthermore, increased CVD incidence and worse clinical outcomes in individuals with preexisting CVD have been observed for myocarditis, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure (HF), thromboembolic complications, and arrhythmias. Direct and indirect mechanisms have been proposed by which COVID-19 may impact CVD and CV risk, including viral entry into CV tissue or by the induction of a massive systemic inflammatory response. In the current review, we provide an overview of the literature reporting an interaction between COVID-19 and CVD, review potential mechanisms underlying this interaction, and discuss preventive and treatment strategies and their interference with CVD that were evaluated since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Viral Diseases in Dermatology
Authors: Goldust Mohamad
Published: February 2023

Viral skin infections are some of the most common skin diseases in medical dermatology [...]
The Synergy of Chicken Anemia Virus and Gyrovirus Homsa 1 in Chickens
Authors: Yang Mengzan , Yang Qi , Bi Xiaoqing , Shi Hengyang , Yang Jianhao , Cheng Xiangyu , Yan Tianxing , Zhang Honghai , Cheng Ziqiang
Published: February 2023

Chicken anemia virus (CAV) and Gyrovirus homsa 1 (GyH1) are members of the Gyrovirus genus. The two viruses cause similar clinical manifestations in chickens, aplastic anemia and immunosuppression. Our previous investigation displays that CAV and GyH1 often co-infect chickens. However, whether they have synergistic pathogenicity in chickens remains elusive. Here, we established a co-infection model of CAV and GyH1 in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens to explore the synergy between CAV and GyH1. We discovered that CAV and GyH1 significantly inhibited weight gain, increased mortality, and hindered erythropoiesis in co-infected chickens. Co-infected chickens exhibited severe immune organ atrophy and lymphocyte exhaustion. The proventriculus and gizzard had severe hemorrhagic necrosis and inflammation. We also discovered that the viral loads and shedding levels were higher and lasted longer in CAV and GyH1 co-infected chickens than in mono-infected chickens. Our results demonstrate that CAV and GyH1 synergistically promote immunosuppression, pathogenicity, and viral replication in co-infected chicken, highlighting the interaction between CAV and GyH1 in the disease process and increasing potential health risk in the poultry breeding industry, and needs further attention.
Correlates of Healthy Aging in Geriatric HIV (CHANGE HIV)—CTN 314
Authors: Zhabokritsky Alice , Clarke Rosemarie , Rosenes Ron , Smith Graham , Loutfy Mona , Andany Nisha , Falutz Julian , Klein Marina , Harris Marianne , Guillemi Silvia , Tan Darrell H. S. , Arbess Gordon , Walmsley Sharon
Published: February 2023

The Correlates of Healthy Aging in Geriatric HIV (CHANGE HIV) study, CTN 314, is the first Canadian cohort of people living with HIV aged 65 years and older. The cohort was established with the purpose of characterizing the multidimensional health status of this population and identifying factors influencing healthy aging. The study builds on the World Health Organization (WHO) Aging and Health conceptual framework, generating a comprehensive profile of health domains (physical, social, mental health, cognitive function, and quality of life), health determinants (biologic, personal, and environmental), and HIV-specific factors that may interact with and influence health in people aging with HIV. The data for the first 353 participants are presented, focusing on sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, coinfections, frailty, cognitive function, loneliness, and resilience using a sex/gender stratified analysis. The cohort thus far is 91% men and the median age is 70 years (range from 65 to 85). Several vulnerabilities were observed, including a high prevalence of comorbidities and frailty. Women especially faced financial insecurity and precarious social structures; a large proportion live alone and only 6% are married or in steady relationships. Identifying strategies to address these vulnerabilities will empower people aging with HIV to optimize their health, quality of life, and independence.
Statistical Modelling of the Annual Rainfall Pattern in Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Authors: Altman Rachel MacKay , Harari Ofir , Moisseeva Nadya , Steyn Douw
Published: February 2023

Rainfall in Guanacaste, Costa Rica, has marked wet/dry phases: the rainy season is punctuated by a short midsummer drought, and the dry season frequently has months of no rain. In this region, spring and summer rainfall peaks are important for local rain-fed agriculture and annual total for groundwater recharge and hydroelectricity production. We propose a novel model of rainfall in this region, the double-Gaussian model, which uses monthly total rainfall data collected from 1980 to 2020 from two meteorological observation stations. Our model provides an intuitive way of describing the seasonality of rainfall, the inter-annual variability of the cycle, and variability due to the monthly Oceanic Niño Index, ONI. We also consider two alternative models, a regression model with ARMA errors and a Tweedie model, as a means of assessing the robustness of our conclusions to violations of the assumptions of the double-Gaussian model. We found that the data provide strong evidence of an increase/decrease in rainfall in both temporal maxima during La Niña/El Niño (negative/positive ONI) conditions but no evidence of a decade-scale trend after accounting for ONI effects. Finally, we investigated the problem of forecasting future rainfall based on our three models. We found that when ONI is incorporated as a predictor variable, our models can produce substantial gains in prediction accuracy of spring, summer, and annual totals over naive methods based on monthly sample means or medians.
Design and Experimental Studies on a Single Slope Solar Still for Water Desalination
Authors: Al-Mezeini Saif Salim Saif , Siddiqui Mohd Asim , Shariq Mohammad , Althagafi Talal M. , Ahmed Inas A. , Asif Mohammad , Alsufyani Sultan J. , Algarni Saud A. , Ahamed M.B. Niyaz , Elamin Khalda M. A. , Alaghaz Abdel-Nasser M. A. , Gomaa Mohammed M.
Published: February 2023

Gulf countries experience an imbalance between water supply and demand, which leads to a dramatic decline in the amount of groundwater. Solar energy for water desalination is an attractive option in this region, where the climate is sunny all year. A very basic solar device called a single basin solar still is commonly used to convert available seawater into drinkable water. The issue of producing drinking water may be resolved by using this technique, but because of its low productivity, it is rarely used. The experiments were carried out on a south-facing, single slope solar still with a 23-degree inclination of the condensing cover from October to November 2022, on different days for different water depths. According to the findings, the solar still with 4 cm of depth (as compared to 5, 6, and 7 cm) exhibited the maximum water productivity (2.680 L/day) with an efficiency of 30%. When the solar still was equipped with an external mirror, the temperature in the basin was raised, and water productivity increased to 3.075 L/day with an improved efficiency of 35%. Further, the effects of wind velocity, ambient temperature, inner glass temperature, and intensity of solar radiation on daily productivity have been studied.
Concept and Implementation of Solutions Improving Water Relations in the Area of the Flooded Opencast Lignite Mine Kazimierz Północ in the East Wielkopolska Region (Central-West Poland)
Authors: Nowak Bogumił , Szadek Paweł , Szymański Krzysztof , Lawniczak-Malińska Agnieszka
Published: February 2023

Over a period of 30 years, the surface water level in the north-west of Konin, in the east of the Wielkopolska region, decreased by almost 6 m, resulting in a reduction of the surface area of the majority of nearby lakes, the disappearance of smaller water bodies and wetlands, and the drying out of streams draining the area. The causes of the decrease in the surface and groundwater level in the region are complex. They include both natural and anthropogenic factors, among others broad-scale mining activity. Based on knowledge of the hydrostructural composition of the analysed region and the functioning drainage system of opencast lignite mines, a concept was developed of a change in water supply to the flooded opencast lignite mine, Kazimierz Północ. The task of redirecting waters from the drainage of a nearby opencast mine, Jóźwin IIB, was implemented in 2020. Current observations and forecasts suggest that, owing to the applied solutions, the analysed opencast mine will be flooded in 2023, and not, as previously assumed, at the end of 2021. As a result, groundwater levels in the vicinity of the opencast mine as well as in lakes and rivers within the range of impact of the related depression cone will be restored faster, particularly in the Lake Powidzkie catchment. The objective of the study is to present stages of flooding of the former opencast lignite mine Kazimierz Północ, identify factors determining the process, and describe solutions accelerating it, with a simultaneous environmental impact assessment of the undertaken activities.
Used Filter Cartridges as Potential Adsorbents of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Szymańska Martyna , Nowicki Piotr
Published: February 2023

The main objective of this study was to assess the usefulness of exhausted activated carbon-based filter cartridges for the removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solutions using the example of two model pollutants: synthetic dyes with different particle sizes, i.e., methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG). In order to determine the organic dyes’ adsorption mechanism, the effects of phase contact time, initial dye concentration, pH, and temperature of the system were investigated. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were employed to analyze the experimental data. Additionally, all adsorbents were characterized in terms of the ash content, type of porous structure, presence of surface functional groups, pH value, and iodine adsorption number—which is one of the quality control parameters of activated carbons. Adsorption tests have shown that carbonaceous materials from bottle filters and filter jugs can be successfully used for the removal of organic dyes from the liquid phase. The maximum sorption capacity of this type of adsorbent towards methylene blue was 333.06 mg/g, while in the case of malachite green it was 308.75 mg/g. For all carbonaceous materials, a better fit to the experimental data was achieved with a Langmuir isotherm than a Freundlich one. It has also been shown that the efficiency of MB and MG adsorption from aqueous solutions decreases with increasing temperature of the system—the best results were obtained at 25 °C. A better fit of the kinetics data was achieved using the pseudo-second order model.
Climate Change and Reproductive Biocomplexity in Fishes: Innovative Management Approaches towards Sustainability of Fisheries and Aquaculture
Authors: Mitra Anisa , Abdel-Gawad Fagr Kh. , Bassem Samah , Barua Prabal , Assisi Loredana , Parisi Costantino , Temraz Tarek A. , Vangone Rubina , Kajbaf Kimia , Kumar Vikas , Guerriero Giulia
Published: February 2023

The ongoing rapid climate change, combined with the disturbance of fish breeding grounds, may impact reproduction by endangering successful breeding and survival, and thus affect the viable sustainability in aquaculture systems as well as in the sea. In this study we focus on the biocomplexity of fish reproduction in response to climate change. Further, we propose adaptive strategies, including technological advancements, using a noninvasive and non-lethal approach, and we outline an assisted reproduction and nutrigenomics approach to mitigating fish reproductive risks posed by climate change. This was done in an effort to monitor fish aquaculture and ensure that, as a livelihood, it may provide a useful source of nutrition for our society.
Spatial Variations of Fabric and Microstructure of Blue Ice Cores at the Shear Margin of Dalk Glacier, Antarctica
Authors: Lu Siyu , Zhang Nan , Wang Danhe , Shi Guitao , Ma Tianming , Ma Hongmei , An Chunlei , Li Yuansheng
Published: February 2023

The study of the fabric and microstructure of ice at the shear margin of the Antarctic ice sheet is of great significance for understanding the ice flow and its contributions to sea level rise. In this study, twenty-three one-meter-long ice cores were drilled from blue ice areas at the shear margin of the Dalk Glacier, Antarctica. The ice fabric and microstructure of these ice cores are analyzed using a G50 fabric analyzer. This study shows that the shallow ice cores in this region present a cluster fabric as a consequence of shear stress. The grain size decreases following the direction of the ice flow towards the exposed bedrock at the end of the glacier, due to the blocking and squeezing by the bedrock. The formation mechanism of the shallow ice layers is that the ice from the original accumulation area flows here, lifted by the bedrock and shaped by the summer ablation and denudation. The basal ice at the shear margin of the Dalk Glacier is strongly rubbed by the bedrock and demonstrates a cluster fabric. The analysis of stable water isotopes shows a weak negative correlation between shallow ice fabric and stable water isotopes with depth. Bedrock topography and shear stress have a greater influence on grain microstructure among different ice cores over long distances at shear margins.
Effect of Varying Zinc Concentrations on the Biomethane Potential of Sewage Sludge
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Matassa Silvio , Bianco Francesco , Oliva Armando , Papirio Stefano , Pirozzi Francesco , De Paola Francesco , Esposito Giovanni
Published: February 2023

The anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge is highly sensitive to high zinc concentrations. Although sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) activity can negatively affect methanogenesis, SRB-mediated metal sulfide precipitation can alleviate zinc toxicity. A series of mesophilic anaerobic batch experiments was performed for the biomethane potential of three different sewage sludge samples for 74 days using the background sludge zinc content, alone or in combination with the external addition of 200, 300 and 400 mg Zn/L. The highest biomethane production was 165 ± 1 mL CH4/g VS using activated sludge (AS) with a background concentration of 93 mg Zn/L. A slight decrease in the biomethane yield (i.e., 157 ± 1, 158 ± 1 and 159 ± 1 mL CH4/g VS) was obtained in the presence of 293, 393 and 493 mg Zn/L, respectively. The potential reason for the high methanogenic activity at high inlet Zn concentrations could be that the AS used in this study was already acclimated to those conditions. Zinc was likely removed from the system by sulfide precipitation, and a removal efficiency above 99% was achieved under all zinc concentrations. A sulfate reduction efficiency of 99% was also obtained. Overall, this study details the potential utilization of biogenic sulfide as a metal detoxifying agent without detrimental effects on methane production from sewage sludge.
How to Statistically Disentangle the Effects of Environmental Factors and Human Disturbances: A Review
Authors: Cao Yong , Wang Lizhu
Published: February 2023

Contemporary biological assemblage composition and biodiversity are often shaped by a range of natural environmental factors, human disturbances, and their interactions. It is critical to disentangle the effects of individual natural variables and human stressors in data analysis to support management decision-making. Many statistical approaches have been proposed and used to estimate the biological effects of individual predictors, which often correlated and interacted with one another. In this article, we review nine of those approaches in terms of their strengths, limitations, and related r packages. Among those are hierarchical partitioning, propensity score, the sum of AIC weights, structural equation modeling, and tree-based machine learning algorithms. As no approach is perfect, we offer two suggestions: (1) reducing the number of predictors as low as possible by carefully screening all candidate predictors based on biological and statistical considerations; (2) selecting two or more approaches based on the characteristics of the given dataset and specific research goals of a study, and using them in parallel or sequence. Our review could help ecologists to navigate through this challenging process.
The latest Environment Agency Guidance for Noise and Vibration Management of Environmental Permits
Authors: Clayton Tony , Tofts Jon , Brown Gillian , Smyrnowa Julija
Published: February 2023

Environmental permits have conditions that require operators to control pollution - this includes controlling noise and vibration. The Environment Agency (EA), Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), Natural Resources Wales (NRW) and Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA)
produced and published new guidance for Management of Noise for Permitted Processes in 2021, to help holders and potential holders of permits apply for, vary, and comply with their permits. The guidance is common to all four regulators. This guidance replaced the original Horizontal guidance
for noise usually referred to as H3. The paper will cover the development, authoring and publishing of the guidance. It will also cover some of the reasoning behind and the major clarifications which are contained within the new guidance. Issues with noise impact assessments and demonstrations
of Best Available Techniques and Appropriate Measures will also be covered. The guidance was developed to be consistent with the noise policies of all four devolved governments. The paper will briefly cover requirements of both operators and their consultants under legislation and the published
guidance.
The response of a conical flame to a dual-frequency excitation
Authors: Zheng jianyi , Li Lei , Wang Guoqing , Xu Liangliang , Wang Sirui , Xia Xi , Qi Fei
Published: February 2023

This work investigates the response of a conical premixed flame to a dual-frequency excitation, based on the integrated CH* signal collected from a photomultiplier tube (PMT), the upstream velocity disturbance measured by a hotwire, and the chemiluminescence signal captured by high-speed
imaging. The results show that, in addition to the excitation frequencies, a notable flame response can also be observed at the difference frequency, where the corresponding velocity fluctuation is relatively small. This result means that, at the difference frequency, the velocity fluctuation
contributes little to the flame response. Such interacted response generally occurs at intermediate excitation frequencies but tends to disappear as either excitation frequency is below the cut-off frequency. And it increases linearly with the excitation amplitude, with nearly zero dependence
on the phase difference. Furthermore, the flame front is extracted based on the chemiluminescence images to analyze the flame area fluctuation. The resultant phase response implies that the fluctuation of the difference frequency propagates downstream convectively, similar to that of the excitation
frequencies. Interestingly, the flame area fluctuation at the difference frequency shows significant response and a low-pass characteristic, whereas the CH* fluctuation approaches zero at those low frequencies.
A Study on Multimodal Behaviour of Plate Absorbers
Authors: Özer Mehmet Sait , Beyer Friedrich , Merchel Sebastian , Altınsoy Ercan
Published: February 2023

Membrane absorbers, which are commonly used types of resonance absorbers, convert sound energy into thermal energy by exploiting vibrations that occur on oscillating panels. Those types of absorbers are generally tuned to be efficient in a very narrow frequency range. However, if plates
are used as the front panel, it is possible to broaden the effective absorbing frequency bandwidth by exciting multiple modes. This study is devoted to investigating the multimodal behaviour of plate absorbers with closed back volumes in low-frequency range. In the numerical part of the study,
the box-shaped plate absorbers are modelled using a combined BEM/FEM approach. The results are validated with measurements conducted in an anechoic chamber. In addition, the sound absorption characteristics of the plate absorbers are obtained from an experimental study conducted in a reverberation
chamber. The obtained results reveal that the plate absorbers can be effective in wider frequency ranges.
"Eyes don't say it all" - Communication challenges while wearing facemasks in class
Authors: Paunovic Katarina , Vukašinović Danka , Đurđević Katarina , Jovanović Ana , Miloradović Maja
Published: February 2023

Facemasks are personal protective equipment worn to reduce the risk of the transmission of Covid-19. University students and teachers/lecturers in Serbia are required to wear facemasks in class at all times. However, such practice may cause challenges in student-teacher communication.
We present students' experiences regarding speech intelligibility in the educational setting. We distributed an anonymous online questionnaire among students from various universities. Speaking with a facemask in class creates communication challenges for teachers and students alike. Students
claim that teachers often have difficulties understanding students who speak wearing masks; teachers often ask students to repeat the sentence, and teachers often ask students to speak louder. Similarly, when teachers talk with their facemasks, students often report not hearing or understanding
teachers back. In turn, students would ask teachers to repeat the sentence and raise voices. Students pay more attention to teachers' facial expressions, hand gestures, body language, and tone of voice. Students tend to engage their non-verbal interaction skills more often to facilitate communication.
We further discuss the differences regarding students' gender and the type of facemask typically worn. We express concern that the inability to communicate clearly may cause annoyance and frustration in the academic setting.
Relationship between the shape of amplitude envelope and the hearing sensation of fluctuation on the simulated exhaust sound of motorbikes
Authors: Yasui Nozomiko
Published: February 2023

Previous study showed that procedure for estimating Fluctuation Strength (FS) observing both constant fluctuation and deviation for time and amplitude approximately estimated the hearing sensation of fluctuation from tremolo played on the mandolin. Moreover, another one presented another
procedure for estimating FS from exhaust sound of various motorbikes by proposing new indexes about the shape of amplitude envelope. However, the procedure was targeted only the recorded exhaust sound of those motorbikes, wasn't clarified the relationship between the shape and sensation hearing
of fluctuation yet. Here, this paper explores acoustic characteristics represent the shape of amplitude envelope and investigates relationship between those characteristics and sensation hearing of fluctuation. Investigations were carried out by using amplitude-fluctuated white noise which
were designed to have various acoustic characteristics for the shape. Those white noise have characteristics of amplitude fluctuations in motorbikes. Then, the hearing sensation of fluctuation on those sounds were assessed, investigated relationship between those characteristics and sensation
hearing of fluctuation. Concretely, multiple regression analysis was conducted using subjective evaluation results and those characteristics, where slope for rising and falling, duration for rising and falling were calculated. Results showed that those characteristics, especially slope for
rising, influences the hearing sensation of fluctuation.
On the vibro-acoustic modeling of panels excited by diffuse acoustic field (DAF)
Authors: Allah Tavakoli Yahya , Marquis-Favre Catherine , Ichchou Mohamed , Hamzaoui Nacer
Published: February 2023

Composite materials along with isotropic materials possess abundant applications to various engineering disciplines like aerospace and mechanical issues. The design optimization of composite materials such as sandwich panels essentially needs an accurate vibro-acoustic modeling. Such
a modeling of these materials and a sound synthesis can lead to a design approach based on relevant psychoacoustic analyses. In this research, the mathematical/numerical and experimental steps required by the vibro-acoustic modeling of composite and isotropic plates excited by a diffuse acoustic
field (DAF) are discussed. Herein, the analytical modeling was performed by 4th and 6th order problems adapted for the composite and isotropic plates, and moreover, the numerical modeling was carried out via the Finite Element Method (FEM). The experimental observations were also performed
by means of an acoustic test cabin used for ideally generating a diffuse acoustic field (DAF). The various types of analytical and numerical simulations including synthesized sounds required by future psycho-acoustic analyses, as well as experimental observations including recorded sounds
were investigated and compared. Finally, based on the various analyses, the research illustrates how such investigations and comparisons are necessary for designing and enhancing the mechanical and vibro-acoustic properties of materials.
Study on the ground attenuation of engine run-up and APU noise for developing the airport noise model in Japan
Authors: Yokota Takatoshi , Makino Koichi , Nakazawa Toshiyasu , Sugawara Masayuki , Shinohara Naoaki , Hanaka Kazuyuki
Published: February 2023

The correction for ground effect around airports is modeled based on the results of numerical analysis in order to make it possible to estimate the propagation of noise caused by ground operations in airports such as engine run-ups and APU to the vicinity of airports. The excess attenuation
due to ground effects on sound caused by engine run-ups and APU is calculated using a PE method for typical jet aircraft and propeller aircraft, respectively. On the assumption that the ground around an airport consists of asphalt-paved surface and grass-covered surface in a certain ratio,
the excess attenuation for the mixed impedance ground is calculated with the Fresnel-zone method using the results of PE calculation. The composition ratio of ground surface is assumed based on the composition ratio of asphalt-paved surface and grass-covered surface along the propagation path
from the engine run-up spot to the airport site boundary of six major airports in Japan. In this paper, we introduce the excess attenuation calculated with the PE method and the correction model for ground effects on noise of engine run-ups and APU is discussed to implement it in the airport
noise prediction model used in Japan.
Quantifying non-linear effects in acoustic source localization
Authors: Deleu Samuel , Gojon Romain , Gressier Jérémie
Published: February 2023

Whenever acoustic source localization is considered, the assumed central hypothesis is the linearity of the acoustic wave. This hypothesis allows direct and inverse problems to be solved faster using the linearized Euler Equations or ray-tracing, for example. However, when considering
high amplitude waves - acoustic shockwaves generated from a sniper shot, for instance - such simplification induces errors in the localization process. In the literature, acoustic source localization results relying on the linear hypothesis are considered to be acceptable without knowing how
much error is made. This paper focuses on quantifying the errors due to non-linear effects on the source localization when the linear hypothesis is assumed. The proposed methodology consists of quantifying the accuracy of the sound source position by solving the Euler equations with a spectral
difference scheme of order 3 for different configurations. First, a reference case in the linear regime is carefully computed. Then, the wave topologies are modified to resemble typical acoustical shockwaves: cylindrical N-wave signals from direct propagation and wall interaction are considered.
The assessment is performed on multiple wave strengths and reflection angles to get a wide range of configurations from which errors due to the non-linear reflection will be thoroughly analysed.
Vibroacoustic metamaterials as add-on solution for noise reduction in existing housing structures
Authors: Bopp Manuel , Albers Albert
Published: February 2023

Vibroacoustic metamaterials (VAMM) have the potential to reduce unwanted noise components in a very targeted and narrow-band frequency range. Many VAMM concepts are based on mechanical resonators that act as vibration absorbers in their natural frequency and thus absorb energy that
would otherwise be radiated in the form of airborne sound and perceived as noise. Often, during the design phase, it is not yet possible to adequately assess which surfaces will be acoustically problematic and in which frequency ranges disturbing noise components are going to be. In addition,
many VAMM concepts can only be manufactured using additive manufacturing (AM) processes, due to their complex geometry. However, AM parts often have strongly anisotropic material behavior, depending on the manufacturing process, which makes a prediction of the vibroacoustic behavior even more
difficult. Direct integration into casing structures during the design phase is therefore not practical and economically feasible in most cases. This paper therefore investigates the extent to which retrofitted resonators can be effectively used in existing casing structures. For this purpose,
FDM-printed bending resonators made of ABS and PLA are used, which have already been measured with regard to their natural frequencies in a previous publication. Different variants are attached to a demonstrator housing and the surface vibration velocity is measured using a 3D laser scanning
vibrometer, and compared with the basic variant without resonators. The radiated airborne sound is also measured. Furthermore, a comparison is made with a dynamic FEM simulation in order to be able to evaluate its prediction quality, in particular with regard to the additively manufactured
resonators.
Effect of spatial masking release on perception of vehicle's approaching sound in headphone music listening
Authors: Takakura Reika , Miura Masanobu
Published: February 2023

Since music listening with headphones or earphones disturbs auditory information necessary for safety, pedestrians, for example, have a high risk of causing a severe accident. When listening to music and walking on the road with earphones or headphones, a person may fail to notice approaching
vehicles from behind. It is because of the masking by the music played through headphones, which makes it difficult to perceive the sound of approaching vehicles. To improve such situations, the authors aim to actualize a listening environment where pedestrians enjoy listening to music with
headphones with perceiving their ambient sounds. As a process, this report deals with a possible methodology to preserve auditory information for safety using sound localization of music. Authors investigate the effect of the music localization played through headphones on the perceptibility
of the vehicle's approaching sound. The approaching sound of several types of cars are presented to listeners, who are asked to answer when the cars arrive at their places. The timing when the car reach is measured. The author will demonstrate the result of the investigation at the conference.
Towards bridging nano- and macroscale acoustics of porous solids
Authors: Sam Alan , Barbagero Marina , Venegas Rodolfo , Coasne Benoit
Published: February 2023

This work presents results towards the bridging of nano- and macroscale acoustics of porous solids. We use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to estimate the mechanical parameters of a nanoporous solid. These simulations consist in applying tensile and shear deformation to a zeolite
material and calculate the mechanical properties from the linear regime of the stress-strain curve. The specific outcome of the simulations are phase velocities and mechanical parameters that can be used as inputs in meso/macroscopic models. To further exemplify the proposed nano-macroscale
modelling strategy, wave propagation in a tube with an array of zeolite-made plates is studied, thereby providing a novel approach to the acoustic modelling of multiscale metamaterials.
Acoustic performance of a heat exchange silencer for marine diesel engine
Authors: Meng Lianghu
Published: February 2023

For the noise contribution of a marine diesel engine, exhaust noise plays an important role, especially considering its low frequency characteristics. The marine exhaust silencer is an effective device to attenuate the engine exhaust noise. Expansion chamber or resonators have been
the backbone of almost all marine exhaust silencers, but issue of bulkiness remains. It is well known that the passband for an expansion chamber is related to its geometric length. For a fixed firing frequency, if the exhaust gas is cooled, then the wavelength of the firing frequency can be
reduced. Inspired by this principle, the heat exchanger and silencer are combined to improve the low frequency effect of the device. Various reactive configurations are tried to get a well-balanced silencing effect. The effectiveness-number of transfer unit method and acoustic finite element
method are adopted to calculate the noise reduction effect with or without exhaust gas cooling. It is concluded that that the heat exchange silencer has satisfactory cooling effect on the exhaust gas, but its contribution to noise attenuation is very limited. Since the reduction of the exhaust
gas temperature, low-frequency performance of the silencer is enhanced.
Quantifying the annoyance caused by flat tops on the wheels of railway vehicles
Authors: Liepert Manfred , Huth Christine , Forstreuter Melissa
Published: February 2023

As part of a research project by the Federal Environment Agency measurements of the pass-by noise of railway vehicles with and without flat spots on the wheels were conducted. The aim of the project was to define an acoustic maintenance criterion for the wheels. To do so listening tests
were carried out to quantify the annoyance the noise caused by a flat spot. In order to determine the level adjustment equivalent to the increased annoyance caused by the flat spot, the following method of adjustment was used. The test subjects were each presented a pair of sounds consisting
of a vehicle passing with and a vehicle passing without a flat spot. By raising or lowering the level of the signal without a flat spot, the test subjects were able to adjust the two signals individually to "equal annoyance". Furthermore different noise levels and psychoacoustic
indices were tested in order to describe the impact of the flat spot on the caused annoyance.
A simulation study on the influence of aircraft panel thickness on the cabin sound quality
Authors: Miao Zhenjing , Huang Yu
Published: February 2023

Currently, noise control aims to optimise the psychoacoustic characteristics of aircraft interior noise to improve comfort and security during a flight. This study investigates the influence of transmission loss of aircraft panels on the sound quality of the cabin. We established an
aircraft cabin acoustic model based on the statistical energy analysis method. The psychoacoustic parameters (i.e., loudness, sharpness, roughness, psychoacoustic annoyance, and articulation index) were simulated with the varying thickness of the aluminium alloy layer. Results showed that
loudness and roughness significantly reduced, whereas sharpness increased with increasing thickness. The noise annoyance also declined as the thickness increased. However, the articulation index appeared a sudden drop when the thickness increased.