bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Une approche de la latérale du portugais du Brésil parlé par les pêcheurs de Florianopolis (S.C.) ; conséquences pour l'enseignement /apprentissage de la langue maternelle
Authors: De Moraes-Brenner R
Published: June 2014

La latérale du portugais du Brésil parlé par les pêcheurs de Florianopolis (S.C.) présente une variation très riche. Divers processus phonologiques touchent l'attaque de la syllabe, mais la plus grande variation se rencontre dans la position de coda syllabique, position marquée. Pour analyser ce phénomène, on s'appuie sur la théorie multilinéaire. Le professeur de langue maternelle est confronté aux problèmes que posent ces variations, en elles-mêmes complexes, et qui introduisent des différences avec le parler "standard". Le registre est largement répandu dans la région ; l'école, néanmoins emploie officiellement le portugais "standard". Il faut comprendre les difficultés que l'utilisation de ce registre apporte au processus d'éducation dans le premier degré scolaire et envisager différentes solutions pour que l'enseignement/ apprentissage de la langue maternelle soit efficace et atteigne, par conséquent, son but. On propose une solution "intermédiaire" où le professeur, tout en introduisant le portugais "standard", utilise et respecte les caractéristiques linguistiques et culturelles de la région. En outre, on envisage un renouvellement dans le plan politique /éducatif du pays, par la mise à profit des progrès de la linguistique et, par conséquent de la linguistique appliquée.
Destin lacanien de la discordance et de la forclusion
Authors: Arrivé Michel
Published: June 2014

Damourette and Pichon daim that negation does not exist in the combination of French "thought-language". The French language has invented a dose equivalent of negation by combining two elements : The "Discordantial" ne and the "Fordusives" set, pas, point, jamais, personne, rien, etc. "Discordance" provoked by ne occurs between "two ideas or two facts" as considered from the subject's point of view. "Fordusion" expressed by "Fordusives" is an operation consisting of putting the notion affected by them aside reality ("forclore"). Lacan has borrowed the two notions from Damourette and Pichon, he has nevertheless considerably altered them. In his opinion, "Discordance" occurs between statement and "enunciation". He has already described the latter in his theory of "the inconscious structured in a form of a language". "Forclusion" is a part of the description of psychosis and is the lacanian equivalent to Freud's verwerfung.
Aspects du comportement pragmatique de la négation
Authors: Hamm Albert
Published: June 2014

La négation apparaît comme un opérateur syntactico-sémantique complexe. En témoignent en particulier les contraintes distributionnelles très fortes qui accompagnent sa présence, et le statut présupositionnel particulier des énoncés négatifs. Elle fonctionne également comme un opérateur de mise en relation entre explicite et implicite bien au-delà, par exemple, du fonctionnement qu'assigne O. Ducrot à un type de négation 'polémique' L'étude de quelques exemples particuliers vise à illustrer la difficulté d'une analyse du fonctionnement pragmatique de la négation.
De quelques sigles
Authors: Eskenazi André
Published: June 2014

Our introduction, which différenciâtes abbreviation from sigla, already identifies sigla as a remake of the explicite designation (1). The examination of contextual situations where both actualizations are to be found together shows that the latter has the property to carac- terize the referent as a known entity. In some cases, the former is even evacuated, above all when the sigla is équivoque -not chosen by chance as anyone, but on a mnemonic purpose- or lower-case. Functioning in an autonomous way, the sigla can become a naming (2-3). We then examine the processes allowing the sigla to be elaborated from the explicite designation ; the autonomous character already evocated is all the more obvious : very often, it is the analytical designation which adapts itself to the synthetical one, considered as a purpose (4). The partition from the basis is made evident when we examine the linguistic combinations which can't accept the basis -for instance "une grosse PME" , "logement HLM"- and the cases when the basis has less meaningful efficiency than the sigla itself, which by itself conveys the meaning -a "SDF" is not a "Sans Domicile Fixe"- (5). We finally examine the way in which commercial tradings are designated ; the sign is no more a sigla, not even a naming ; it becomes the trade-mark itself (6).
Règles de transcription graphème-phonème pour la prononciation automatique de sigles
Authors: Yvon F
Published: June 2014

We present in this article some remarks regarding the way acronyms are read. It is well known that acronyms are pronounced principally in two manners : they can be either spelled aloud or read. Less work has been devoted to study the phonological rules that apply when the latter pronounciation is prefered.

We will first show, by carefully studying some tedious aspects of French phonology, that acronyms are not subject to the very same rules as common words. We will then try to construct a numerical criterion that will help to justify the specific phonological treatment of acronyms. Using this criterion, we will also make some predictions regarding the pronounciations of ambiguous graphemes sequences that do not appear in our corpus.
Un ou deux graphèmes ?
Authors: Eskenazi André
Published: June 2014

The letters of the alphabet necessarily count as graphemes. To this we may add /ç/, as well as those vowels that bear a diacritic sign — all in all this amounts to 39 items. But as soon as orthographic doublets, which, at least in principle, have the same articulation (e.g. "lote"~ "lotte") are examined, it becomes difficult to decide that "digraphs" are undividable units : linguistic criteria lead us to reject the hypothesis of a correspondance between the written and the spoken form. The study of possible combinations leads "graphographematics" to reject most of the so called digraphs isolated by "phonographematics", and, in spite of formal problems, to accept only /ch/, /ph/, /rh/ and /th/ as units.
Invention et acquisition de l'écriture : éléments d'une "linguistique génétique"
Authors: Jaffré Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2014

This article presents the epistemological foundations of a genetic linguistics of writing arisen from the coexistence of two fields of research. The first one is the concern of morphogenesis and deals with the emergence of scripts in ancient societies ; the second one is a matter for ontogenesis and focuses on the acquisition of writing. Beyond a rapid presentation, we particularly want to explore the idea according to which graphic marks of the first writers just as well the ones of the beginning writers give us information on the "homo scribens" cognitive skills.
Genre textuel, surlignages et marques linguistiques d'importance
Authors: Malrieu Denise
Published: June 2014

L'étude vise à dégager les corrélats linguistiques des surlignages en partant d'hypothèses qui voudraient articuler la nature procédurale du texte scientifique et la linguistique textuelle. L'analyse des surlignages de deux textes sociologiques, contrastés par leur genre et leur superstructure (l'un descriptif, l'autre définitoire) montre que la localisation d'énoncés importants s'appuie d'une part sur les marqueurs métadiscursifs de la superstructure et d'autre part sur les marqueurs linguistiques qui vont varier i) avec le genre textuel (dans le texte définitoire sans superstructure, ce sont les formes énonciatives de la définition et les énoncés légaux qui servent de repérage) et les surlignages portent sur des clauses entières, alors que, pour le texte descriptif, les surlignages portent plus facilement sur des lexies isolées) ; ii) à l'intérieur du texte, le surlignage varie en quantité et en nature avec les séquences de la macrostructure et les parties du discours surlignées varient avec les formes de la prédication propres aux séquences.
Or, opérateur de rupture
Authors: Oilier Marie-Louise
Published: June 2014

Cet article vise à proposer une hypothèse du fonctionnement du français or telle qu'elle puisse rendre compte de la diversité de ses emplois dans l'ancienne langue autant que de son comportement dans la moderne. Il s'agit de montrer, dans une perspective culiolienne, que or est le marqueur d'une opération effectuée hic et nunc par le sujet énonciateur So. Opération, c'est-à-dire processus dynamique, qui ne peut se réduire à une opposition directement repérable dans les énoncés. Ce processus est à reconstruire dans un double mouvement de continuité et de rupture entre deux termes El et E2 : So construit une suite p à El pour l'écarter au profit de son contraire p\ l'opposition p/p' en To, le moment même de renonciation P en E2.
Approche diachronique des adverbiaux contextuels
Authors: Combettes Bernard
Published: June 2014

En s'appuyant sur l'analyse de quelques locutions prépositionnelles (de toutes façons, en principe, à la rigueur, au fond), on essayera de tester la validité des hypothèses avancées par E. Traugott sur le changement linguistique. La succession des trois valeurs (valeur propositionnelle, valeur textuelle, valeur pragmatique) apparaît comme bien établie, l'une des deux dernières étapes pouvant être absente du processus. Un des points les plus intéressants semble donc le rôle joué par le niveau textuel : c'est par l'insertion dans des configurations discursives particulières que l'adverbial (modalisateur ou connecteur) recevra du contexte, par une sorte de transfert, des valeurs supplémentaires qui lui permettront d'être utilisé dans le domaine pragmatique.
Le physiologique dans le langage
Authors: Weill Isabelle
Published: June 2014

I consider in this paper the linguistic expressions (as le coeur me manque I my heart is missing a bit) where the physiological takes a prominent part. These configurations - always endowed with a detrimental value - are strongly constrained : the order of the words (with a part of the body occupying thematic position) which has not changed since the middle age, the use of the definite article, the part of the pronoum in the dative (no suppressible), the use of a symmetric verb are notable ; they are preceded by a temporal dependent clause expressing a perception of the human agent (previously the grammatical subject). These structures represent a variant of the middle voice and show that old french (as english) possessed much more stative verbs than modern french. We can also explain these forms (living now only in the oral language) by the phenomenon of empathy.
Une nouvelle poétique du discours direct : le Tristan et Yseut de Thomas
Authors: Marchello-Nizia Christiane
Published: June 2014

In Thomas's Tristan et Yseut (Xllth century), the precursor of the modern romantic novel, almost half the text that has come down to us consists of direct speech.

In a significant episode of the text, the "Salle aux images" (Hall of Statues), none of the lengthy monologues which Tristan addresses to the statue of Yseut appears as direct speech. Is this accidental, or is it the result of a conscious stylistic choice ? In other words, is Thomas representing speech in a new way, and thereby creating a new poetics ? Two phenomena point to the latter conclusion. First, in what remains of the poem, none of the direct speech constitutes straight forward communication ; rather, it is devious or ambiguous. The link between truthfulness and communicative function is broken. Secundly, a recently discovered fragment confirms our earlier hypothesis that Thomas invented a new rhetorical form, the "lover's dialogue", in which two lovers reveal their passion for one another.

This paper suggests that Thomas's Tristan et Yseut is a laboratory in which the author experiments with new poetic devices linked to the representation of speech.
Les contacts de langues dans les situations de francophonie
Authors: Gueunier Nicole
Published: June 2014

Typological approaches of francophonie patterns show that several types of contacts between French and other systems may be distinguished. Complex cases involve more types of contact rather than more contacts. Recent developments in the study of plurilingualism provide an interesting contribution to this field of research.
Nef des Fous ou radeau de la Méduse ? Les conflits linguistiques en Belgique
Authors: Francard Michel
Published: June 2014

Depuis la création de l'État belge en 1830, les deux principales communautés qui composent cet état - les Flamands et les Wallons - s'affrontent sur des problèmes linguistiques.

Cette contribution, après une brève description du puzzle institutionnel qu'est la Belgique fédérale, présente quelques éléments saillants du contentieux linguistique belge : la frontière linguistique, l'opposition entre les principes du "droit du sol" et du "droit des gens", la francisation de certaines communes flamandes à la périphérie de Bruxelles, etc. Enfin, l'identité linguistique de chaque communauté est abordée d'un point de vue sociolinguistique.
Une si proche étrangère (quelques remarques à propos de la genèse du sous-système des pronoms personnels du créole d'Haïti)
Authors: Fattier Dominique
Published: June 2014

Cette étude est une contribution au débat sur la genèse du créole d'Haïti. La démonstration est centrée sur les pronoms personnels. Le créole d'Haïti a construit son système pronominal à partir de la série forte des pronoms français. Une comparaison des caractéristiques linguistiques des systèmes haïtien et français permet de repérer les ressemblances et les différences.
Bibliographie de Jean Dubois
Authors: Colin Jean-Paul
Published: June 2014

List of the books and articles published by Jean Dubois from 1960 to 1995.
Jean Dubois et l'avènement de la neurolinguistique
Authors: Marcie Jean
Published: June 2014

J. Dubois was involved in the research group devoted to the study of aphasia and kindred disorders of language in the Sainte-Anne Neurosurgical Center in Paris under the direction of Dr. Henry Hécaen. His contribution was important to associate Linguistics and Neurology in setting up Neurolinguistics as a new scientific field. He was concerned by the study of "pure" agraphia, conduction aphasia, oral language disturbances in sensory aphasia, methodological issues in this new field of knowledge. He was at the spring for creative works carried up in the study of language in demented patients and in the study of the reading deficits in aphasie patients. He did participate with simplicity and efficiency to any tasks in the course of scientific work.
Peut-on, en français, reconnaître automatiquement un support de péjoration ?
Authors: Ibrahim Amr Helmy
Published: June 2014

In French, a few syntactical structures lead, regardless of their lexical content, to a pejorative interpretation. At the same time, in French, Italian and Spanish, somme suffixes, mainly -ard, -asse and -ouiller bring a high percentage of pejorative items but derivation rules do not account regularly for the interpretation of derived items unless they are associated, positively or negatively, to a set of defining matrixes built up with support items (verbs as well as nouns). Although not thoroughly automatic, this association allows the recognition of a pejoration support in French.
"Pressoir à/pour olives" et "ventilateur à/avec hélice", deux indices interprétatifs pour les NI à N2 noms d'instruments
Authors: Gasiglia N
Published: June 2014

Après avoir évoqué l'enjeu d'une telle entreprise, nous exposons ici deux pistes pour l'interprétation automatique de noms d'instruments poly lexicaux de structure NI à N2. Les deux interprétations de la préposition " à " (section 1) permettent d'établir des schémas interprétatifs pour ces séquences : NI à/avec N2_partie_de ; NI à/pour ( V a c t i o n //N1 ) N2_objet>entrée ; NI à/pour (Vproduction//N1)N2_objet>sortie ; pour V//m_objet>sortie=proce$sus. Une proportion inversée nous invite à exploiter (section 2) la relation entre les suffixes -eur et -oir portés par les NI déverbaux et les rôles remplis par les N2 les accompagnant. Ainsi, présentant le lexique et l'application des règles de combinaison de sens (section 3), nous analyserons quatre séquences et obtiendrons préférentiellement les interprétations suivantes :

ventilateur à hélice NI -ventilateur à/avec N2_partie_de-hélice pressoir à olives Nl=pressoir à/pour Vactionum-presser

N2_objet>entrée=olives pressoir à huile NI = p r e s s oir à I p o u r

Vproduction//m=extraire_par_pression

N2_objet>sortie=huile

ventilateur aNl-ventilateur al avec

aspiration N2_partie_de=aspiration

ou NI -ventilât eur à / p o u r

V//N2_objet>sortie=processus=aSPirer
Attributs du sujet et verbes attributifs
Authors: Leeman Danielle
Published: June 2014

La notion d' "attribut du sujet" recouvre pour certaines grammaires deux paradigmes qui n'ont pas les mêmes propriétés, selon que le verbe introducteur est ou non être (ou un verbe du même type). Nous montrons que les arguments avancés pour parler d'attributs pour le second paradigme ne sont pas recevables et que les propriétés définies pour le premier paradigme permettent de découvrir des emplois attributifs pour des verbes qu'aucun dictionnaire ni aucune grammaire ne signalent comme tels.
Les alternances prépositionnelles : des substitutions très contraintes
Authors: Marque Pucheu Christiane
Published: June 2014

Semi-fixed adverbial groups show alternate structures which could have similar semantics. Unlike English, the preposition cannot, in French, be studied without considering the noun group and strong constraints apply on this group. Several syntactic parameters should be taken into account : correlation of prepositions in the Prepi Art C Prep2 AH2 N structure or compatibility rules between verb related preposition and adverbs related preposition. Lexical or pragmatic constraints could also apply. We can conclude that free interchange is an exception and that no underlying semantics of the preposition could explain these properties.
À propos de que comparatif
Authors: Muller Claude
Published: June 2014

Cet article vise à montrer qu'il existe en français, à côté de la conjonction que, deux pronoms comparatifs antonymes que, l'un dérivé de comme, l'autre également mais ayant incorporé une négation : que... ne. Ces pronoms sont basiquement des marqueurs de conformité /disparité, avec ou sans un index de degré ou de quantité.
Une base de connaissances lexicale et sémantique des verbes psychologiques
Authors: Yannick-Mathieu Y
Published: June 2014

The aim of this paper is the description of a lexical, syntactic and semantic knowledge base of French psychological verbs. These verbs (480) occur in the structure No V N\ where the object Ni = Nhum is the experiencer and the subject No is the cause of emotion. We have built 33 semantic classes. The members of a semantic class are verbs with a close meaning. The knowledge base contains syntactic properties and deductive rules. Given a sentence, these dynamic rules allow to generate paraphrases and semantic inferences.
Réseaux de neurones et syllabation du français
Authors: Laks Bernard
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we present a connectionist approach to french syllabic phonology. We show that a process like syllabification, which in a symbolic framework is generally thought of as being the outcome of some kind of parsing by a dedicated algorithm, can be accounted for in a pure dynamic way. In this approach, syllables and syllabic constituency are by no means primitives and the labeling of syllable parts is not axiomatic. They are the by-product of the linear integration process of segments. In other words, syllables are not the building parts of words. On the contrary, in as much as words are made of sounds, given the dynamic properties of those sounds and in particular their tendency to interact in a continuous manner, our model predicts that the aggregation of sounds will give rise to self-organized processes from which syllables and syllabic constituents finally emerge. The universality of syllabic organisation in human languages is thus given a materialistic, quasi-phonetic grounding.
Problèmes de métalangue - au-delà de la grammaire
Authors: Charnock R
Published: June 2014

Pour des raisons épistémologiques, les problèmes liés à l'emploi de 1 a métalangue grammaticale semblent inéliminables, qu'il s'agisse d'une métalangue théorique ou d'un métalexique utilisé en milieu pédagogique. Il faut donc examiner la possibilité de remplacer l'enseignement de certains aspects de la grammaire par un enseignement portant sur : la lexicologie, pour encourager la mise en relation des mots ; la sémantique et la pragmatique, pour permettre la construction de phrases complètes ; et certains aspects de la rhétorique argumentative, pour développer la construction de paragraphes cohérents. Mais la présentation en milieu pédagogique de ces concepts apparemment peu familiers soulève de nouveaux problèmes métalinguistiques.
Les exercices de passage dans l'enseignement des Humanités au XIXème siècle
Authors: Savatovsky Dan
Published: June 2014

This paper concerns the mutations which affected two of the exercices practised in the French classical secondary teaching during the XIX th century : latin them and version. These mutations are examined by the light of a change of paradigm : exercises which require the preliminary adjustement of a metalinguistic apparatus replace, little by little, the exercises of "composition", still prevailing up to 1840, which supposse direct writing in French or Latin.
"Question de formes" ou pour un apprentissage intégré de la morphologie verbale du français et du néerlandais en Belgique néerlandophone
Authors: Flament-Boistrancourt Danièle , Gevaert Raymond
Published: June 2014

Au fur et à mesure que les grammaires scolaires et descriptives du néerlandais ont rompu avec une présentation de leur matière coulée dans le moule de la grammaire latine, les professeurs de français des lycées d'enseignement général de Belgique néerlandophone ont remarqué que, pour conjuguer les verbes du français, leurs élèves recouraient de façon de plus en plus fréquente à des traductions du néerlandais. À partir d'un corpus constitué par les manuels de français et de néerlandais utilisés en classe, nous avons donc entrepris une analyse des métadiscours grammaticaux auxquels l'élève flamand était exposé, tant pour le néerlandais que pour le français. Cette communication montre à partir de deux exemples précis (l'enseignement du futur et celui du conditionnel) que le légitime abandon pour décrire le néerlandais du modèle latin a amené la mise en place de deux cadres conceptuels trop différents pour que l'élève puisse s'y retrouver. Abolir la cloison étanche qui, dans l'enseignement, existe entre langue maternelle et langues étrangères est donc nécessaire, d'autant plus qu'il n'existe pas, dans le cas précis de la métalangue de la morphologie verbale, de véritables universaux entre français et néerlandais.
Statut de la métalangue et enseignement/ apprentissage intégré des langues 1 et 2 dans le système scolaire
Authors: Chaves da Cunha JC
Published: June 2014

Le statut de la métalangue grammaticale dans le système scolaire brésilien est, semble-t-il, l'une des causes de l'échec de l'enseignement du Portugais Langue Maternelle (PLM). C'est pourquoi cet article tente de voir dans quelle mesure et comment une approche, pragmatique, intégrée du PLM et du Français Langue Etrangère peut favoriser un changement radical du statut de la métalangue dans les cours de PLM (en le ramenant à celui de moyen et non de but de l'enseignement/ apprentissage), tout en faisant jouer à la métalangue et à la réflexion métalinguistique un rôle positif dans le processus éducatif.
Genèse des représentations métalinguistiques de la langue écrite
Authors: de Gaulmyn Marie-Madeleine , Luis Marie-Hélène
Published: June 2014

Cette recherche montre comment des enfants de 9 ans (classe de CE2) utilisent le métalangage grammatical enseigné à l'école pour justifier leurs choix graphiques. Aux représentations pratiques déjà acquises fondées sur la correspondance grapho-phonémique et la mémorisation des morphogrammes, ils substituent une représentation morphographique à base d'un système partiel de règles qu'ils tentent, avec logique, de généraliser.
Structuration métaphorique dans la métalangue d'apprenants avancés ; exemple de la détermination nominale et aspectuelle
Authors: Osborne J
Published: June 2014

The contradictions that are apparent in the metalanguage of even quite advanced learners seem to be the result of a metaphorical structuring (in Lakoff's sense) in which meaning is viewed as an object, of variable size, contained within a word. Determination is then seen to consist in reducing the object in question, so that it can be accompanied by a grammatical operator. When metaphors get out of control, they may cause learners to lose sight of the independent characteristics of the target domain, and thus reduce grammar to a manipulation of objects.
Analyse des lettres des consommateurs : une application de la linguistique
Authors: Krazem Mustapha
Published: June 2014

Depuis quelques années, les grandes entreprises développent leur services consommateurs. Une des missions de ceux-ci consiste à traiter les litiges exposés dans les courriers des clients mécontents. Cette étude, réalisée à Sony France, explore deux directions où les descriptions linguistiques peuvent être utiles :

- la stratégie de communication choisie par les clients

- l'image de l'entreprise.
WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR ACCESSIBILITY UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION
Authors: Kryvobokov Marko , Bouzouina Louafi
Published: June 2014

The hypothesis that different income groups have different willingness to pay for accessibility to the city centre is based on the standard monocentric model. This hypothesis is empirically tested with accessibility attributes in a hedonic model of apartment prices in the suburbs of the city of Lyon, France. The conditions of residential segregation are described, and apartment prices in the poor and the rich suburbs are analysed with regression techniques. Travel times to two urban centres are accounted for, as well as centrality and accessibility integral indexes. We found that in the selected areas the hypothesis is true. Spatial differences between the estimates for accessibility measures are significant. In more socially problematic areas, the willingness to pay for better accessibility is higher.
EVALUATION OF COMMERCIAL PROPERTY MARKET MATURITY: A CASE OF LITHUANIA
Authors: Cohen Viktorija , Galinienė Birutė
Published: June 2014

Property market maturity level is one of the influential factors affecting competitiveness of a country in a global arena. Local economies of Central and Eastern Europe may have reacted differently to the economic globalisation process, but property markets in these countries became very much dependent on global trends in terms of market development, evolution and adaption of practices. This article analyzes scientific observations and aspects of property market evolution, suggests a model of property market evolution and adapts the property market maturity concept, applying it in the case of the Lithuanian commercial property market. This article also presents the results of a survey among the commercial property market actors, which mainly suggests the level of property market maturity. The results indicate that although the overall market degree of maturity still needs to be improved, the elements of professional services, the actors’ activity, the investment market environment and the flow of information ranked better maturity, compared to the other elements used in the study.
DO EUROPEAN REAL ESTATE STOCKS HEDGE INFLATION? EVIDENCE FROM DEVELOPED AND EMERGING MARKETS
Authors: Lee Chyi Lin , Lee Ming-Long
Published: June 2014

This study examines the inflation-hedging properties of European real estate stocks in developed and emerging markets over 1990 to 2011. The Fama and Schwert model and a dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) regression were employed to study the inflation-hedging characteristics of European real estate stocks over the short run and long run. The empirical results show little inflationhedging ability of European real estate stocks over the short run. Over the long run, developed real estate stocks provide a positive inflation hedge against expected inflation, while no similar evidence is found in the emerging markets. The findings suggest that the inflation-hedging properties of real estate stocks are related to the institutional involvement in the real estate stock markets. The finding could have profound implications to institutional investors.
Exclus des politiques de santé publique
Authors: Veisse Arnaud , d’Adler Marie-Ange
Published: June 2014

Ses activités, à la fois de soins, d’accompagnement, d’information et de formation, ont fait du Comité pour la santé des exilés (Comede) un témoin privilégié des dysfonctionnements des dispositifs de santé des exilés et des étrangers en situation précaire en France. Créée en 1979, l’association a redéfini en 2013 son objet : «  agir en faveur de la santé des exilés et défendre leurs droits  », cette évolution traduisant l’importance de l’aspect juridique dans les dimensions sociale, médicale et psychologique de la santé des exilés, et dans les actions de plaidoyer.
Effect of Pre-Fatigue Deformation under Humid Environment on Impact Tensile Properties in 7075 Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Tsurudome Masaki , Yamada Hiroyuki , Ogasawara Nagahisa , Horikawa Keitaro
Published: June 2014

The effect of pre-fatigue deformation in a humid environment on the impact tensile properties of 7075 aluminum alloys was investigated. An impact tensile test of the pre-fatigue deformed specimens was performed by means of the Split Hopkinson pressure bar method. Within the author’s set of experiments, the flow stress was unaffected by the pre-fatigue deformation. On the other hand, it was shown that the ductility of the pre-fatigue specimen was slightly lower than that of the non-fatigue specimen in the impact test. Additionally, the pre-fatigue specimen in a high-humidity environment had a lower ductility than in a low-humidity environment. It is thought that the decrease in ductility occurred due to changes in the microstructure, such as dislocations caused by the presence of hydrogen in the specimen due to pre-fatigue deformation in a high-humidity environment.
Dynamic and Quasi-Static Compressive Deformation Behaviour of Polyimide Foam at Various Elevated Temperature
Authors: Yosimoto A. , Kobayashi Hidetoshi , Horikawa Keitaro , Watanabe Keiko , Ogawa Kinya
Published: June 2014

In order to clarify the effect of strain rate and test temperature on the compressive strength and energy absorption of polyimide foam, a series of compression tests for the polyimide foam with two different densities were carried out. By using three testing devices, i.e. universal testing machine, dropping weight machine and sprit Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus, we performed a series of compression tests at various strain rates (10-3~103s-1) and at several test temperatures in the range of room temperature to 280 ̊C. At over 100 s-1, the remarkable increase of flow stress was observed. The negative temperature dependence of strength was also observed.
Improving Rebound Models in 3D Rockfall Simulation Codes Used for the Design of Protection Embankments
Authors: Toe David , Lambert Stéphane , Bourrier Franck , Berger Frédéric
Published: June 2014

Rockfall propagation simulation models are widely used for assessing rockfall hazards as well as for the design of rockfall protection structures. This research work investigates the relevance of rockfall propagation models to assess rockfall hazard in the vicinity of embankments. In this article, particular focus is placed on the development of engineering oriented rebound models taking into account the shape of the block. Two different block impact modelling approaches are considered and compared. Small scale experiments involving blocks with different shapes impacting a small-scale embankment were conducted to provide data for calibrating the models. The trajectory of the blocks was tracked using a high speed camera (1000 fps) and an image processing algorithm was developed to extract the experimental trajectories. The two different approaches considered for modelling the impact of the block in the embankment vicinity were a probabilistic block impact model and a deterministic approach accounting for the block shape. In this latter case, the impact was calculated using an elasto-plastic contact model between the block and the slope surface. Both approaches succeed in simulating experimental results. Nevertheless the probabilistic model is limited by the introduction of the block shape parameter in the calculation while the deterministic approach seems to be limited in terms of computational efficiency.
Energy Absorption Property of CFRP under Impact Loadings
Authors: Chen Ding Ding , Matsumoto Ryo , Arakawa Kazuo , Yoon Sangjae
Published: June 2014

Because of high stiffness, high strength and low density, etc., polymeric composite materials are widely used in high technology area, such as aeronautic and aerospace engineering where impact is one of the most common loadings. In this paper, impact energy absorption properties of a carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) plate, which was made through vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process, were tested though Charpy impact tests with single-edge notched specimens. In the experiments, the effects of impact directions and notch length on the energy absorption property were considered. The results show different impact directions lead to different Charpy impact strength and different fracture modes. When the angle between the fiber and the impact direction is large, fiber break mode dominates the break, exhibiting higher Charpy impact strength. When the impact direction-fiber angle is small, delamination is the main fracture mode, showing lower Charpy impact strength. Depending on different fracture modes, the enhancement of the resin due to a post curing process has totally opposite effects on the Charpy impact strength. For the delamination mode, the enhancement of resin increases the Charpy impact strength of the CFRP specimen. However, for the fiber break mode, it decreases the impact strength. This phenomenon can be attributed to the effect of voids. The impact strength calculated from the typical formula is also affected by the initial notch length significantly, because the fracture surface in this experiment is no longer a plane.
Impact Fracture of Jointed Steel Plates of Bolted Joint of Cars
Authors: Ambarita H. , Daimaruya M. , Fujiki H.
Published: June 2014

The present study is concerned with the development of a fracture criterion for the impact fracture of jointed steel plates of a lap bolted joint used in the suspension parts of a car body. For the accurate prediction of crash characteristics of car bodies by computer-aided engineering (CAE), it is also necessary to examine the behaviour and fracture of the jointed steel plates subjected to impact loads. Although the actual impact fracture of jointed steel plates of a lap bolted joint in cars is complicated, for simplifying it is classified into the shear fracture and the extractive fracture of jointed steel plates. Three kinds of steel plates, i.e., common steel with the tensile strength of 270 MPa and two high tensile strength steels with the tensile strength of 440 and 590 MPa level used for vehicles, are examined. In the impact shear test, the specimens are made of two plates and jointed by a bolt, and in the impact extractive test the specimens are made of a plate and drilled in the centre for a bolt. The impact shear test of jointed steel plates of lap bolted joints is performed using a modified split Hopkinson bar apparatus, while the impact extractive one is performed using one-bar method. Numerical simulations by a FEM code LS-DYNA are also carried out in order to understand the mechanism of shearing and extractive fractures process of jointed steel plates. The obtained results suggest that a stress-based fracture criterion may be developed for the impact shearing and extractive fractures of jointed steel plates of lap bolted joints used in a car body.
Proton Bombardment in Mercury Target for Neutron Production - Impact Dynamics on Interface between Liquid and Solid Metals
Authors: Futakawa Masatoshi
Published: June 2014

Innovative researches using neutrons are being performed at the Materials & Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) in the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), in which a mercury target system is installed as MW-class pulse spallation neutron sources. In order to produce neutrons by the spallation reaction, proton beams are injected into the mercury target. At the moment when the intense proton beam hits the target, pressure waves are generated in mercury because of abrupt heat deposition. The pressure waves interact with the target vessel leading to negative pressure that may cause cavitation along the vessel wall, i.e. the interface between liquid and solid metals. Localized impacts by microjets and/or shock waves that are caused by cavitation bubble collapse impose pitting damage on the vessel wall. The pitting damage that degrades the structural integrity of the target vessel is a crucial issue for the high power mercury targets. Therefore, the mitigation techniques for the pitting damages and cavitation are needed to reach the MW-class pulsed spallation neutron sources.
Characterization of the Loading Rate Dependent Fracture Behavior over a Wide Loading Rate Range Using Charpy Specimens
Authors: Major Zoltan , Reiter Martin
Published: June 2014

The fracture behavior of engineering polymers is usually characterized at high loading rates using Charpy specimens. However, due to the presence of dynamic effects the conventional force based analysis for determining fracture toughness values is applicable only up to 1 m/s using tree point bending test configurations. This difficulty can be overcome in principle, by applying dynamic analysis methods (e.g. dynamic key curve (DKC) analysis) or by applying tensile loading fracture configurations. The applicability of pre-cracked Charpy specimens for determining fracture toughness values for polymeric materials over a wide loading rate range is investigated in this study.
Pressure Measurement of Non-Ideal Detonation in Ammonium Nitrate Based High Energetic Material
Authors: Yamamoto Yuuki , Kubota Shiro , Saburi Tei , Wada Yuji , Miyake Atsumi
Published: June 2014

In order to know accurate information on the non-ideal detonation pressure, steel tube test was carried out on ammonium nitrate (AN) and activated carbon (AC) mixtures. In this test, detonation velocity and pressure were measured simultaneously by varying thickness of PMMA placed between AN/AC and pressure gauge. The length and the diameter of the steel tube were 350 mm and 35.5 mm. The results showed that shock pressure attenuation in PMMA was not observed for this experimental condition (PMMA gap; 3-5 mm). The averaged measured peak pressure and detonation velocity were 3.4 GPa and 3.2 km/s.
Dynamic Behavior of Liquid Mercury Droplets Colliding with a Solid Surface
Authors: Naoe Takashi , Futakawa Masatoshi
Published: June 2014

The dynamic behavior of liquid mercury and water droplets colliding with a solid surface were precisely examined as part of a fundamental study for investigating the behavior of a liquid microjet emitted as a result of a cavitation bubble collapse in mercury. Liquid droplets were collided with a quartz plate by the free-fall method, and the colliding and spreading behaviors of the liquids were observed using a high-speed video camera. In the case of mercury droplets, the spreading, recoiling, and jump-up phenomena resulting from the high surface tension of mercury were observed. The ratio of the maximum spreading diameter,Dmax, to the initial droplet diameter,D0, was investigated by parametrically changing the colliding velocity and tilt-angle of the quartz plate. The result showed that the ratioDmax/D0was well correlated with the Weber number, which is defined as a function of the colliding velocity and surface tension, independent of the liquid considered.
Rubber Ball Impacts on Composite Plates Investigation by 3D Correlation
Authors: Guégan P. , Othman R. , Pasco F. , Swiergiel N. , Thévenet P. , Guimard J.M.
Published: June 2014

Aircraft structures and wings should endure tyre debris impacts. Therefore, numerical simulations which are able to predict such phenomena are highly appreciated for the aircraft structures design. However these simulations have to be developed, tuned and validated by means of experimental data. Nowadays, full-scale tests are widely used. However, they include too complex mechanisms, which are difficult to consider in a process of model development. Besides, these experiments are extremely expensive. In this work, we are dealing with a simplified experimental set-up with elementary boundary conditions. Namely, we are experimentally investigating rubber balls’ impact on composites panels. The main novelty is the use of 3D-stereo correlation technique.
Propagation of Underwater Shock Wave and Gas Bubble Behavior Induced by Electrical Discharge in Water
Authors: Hamashima Hideki , Iwasa Seisaku , Maehara Hironori , Itoh Shigeru , Hokamoto Kazuyuki
Published: June 2014

The basic behavior during underwater electrical discharge up to 10 kJ stored energy is investigated through both numerical analysis and optical-observation experiments. Since the authors have been investigating the use of underwater exploding phenomena for food processing and other applications, it is necessary to know the whole process which may affect the quality of the samples recovered. In the present investigation, the propagation of underwater shock wave was measured using a high-speed camera and compared with the numerically simulated results using LS-DYNA. Also, the motion of gas bubble, which is induced quite after the propagation of the shock wave, was measured and compared with the numerical simulation using the same code. The pressure of the bubble is not such high as the shock wave, but it is known that the impulse is not possible to be ignored due to its relatively long duration of the pressurization. Through a series of optical-observation experiments, it is confirmed that the numerical simulation is potentially possible to predict the whole phenomena for processing foods and other materials.
A Study on the Evaluation of Intelligent Headlamp Interworking with Camera and Navigation
Authors: Shin Wae Gyeong , Seo Dong Hyun , Kim Dong Hoon , Han Deok Gu
Published: June 2014

Technologies have been developed actively to enhance safe driving in the intelligent automobile technology field and the headlamp technology is taking an important part of the development. Currently, adaptive front lighting system integrated with camera or navigation is under development, and it provides the beam pattern actively optimized according to various road conditions to give a wider view to enhance safe driving, and this study intends to develop an optimized method for evaluating the system which integrates the camera technology and navigation technology with the headlamp technology. An environment capable of evaluating headlamp technology with navigation and camera was developed in a simple actuator control technology oriented evaluation environment by using the vehicle simulator and GPS radiation system.
Transient Phenomena in Wave Propagation around a Large Suspended Particle in a Water-Filled Tube
Authors: Hori Tatsuro , Inaba Kazuaki , Takahashi Kosuke , Kishimoto Kikuo
Published: June 2014

Our study focuses on the response of a water-filled polycarbonate tube under axial impact loading to the presence of a single large suspended particle. The particles, composed of steel, aluminum, and polycarbonate, were individually suspended by elastic string along the centerline of the tube. The impact of a free-fall piston initiated pressure waves in the water, called water hammer, and stress waves in the tube, especially at the level of the particle. Hoop strains were measured as impact responses; their distribution indicated that the maximum strains occurred around the particle. These maximum strains are narrowly confined and independent of particle composition. From measurements, hoop strain above the level of the particle become larger with increasing particle mass. We propose a theoretical model that assumes the particle to be a rigid body, and estimate tube responses from the change in area due to the particle’s presence rather than a dependence on particle material. With similar conditions as in experiments, numerical simulations, performed using the software AUTODYN, revealed that the particle motion initiated a reflected pressure wave and created another pressure wave underneath the particle. The transients propagating around the particle are independent of particle material, but composition does affect the attenuation of the reflected pressure wave above the particle.
Oblique Impact Analysis of a Golf Ball
Authors: Arakawa Kazuo
Published: June 2014

The oblique impact of a golf ball with a rigid steel target was studied using a high-speed video camera. The video images during the impact were employed to measure the compressional displacement of the ball normal to the target and to determine the normal velocity and acceleration of the ball as a function of time. The rotation angle of the ball was also measured to evaluate the angular velocity during the impact. The results showed that the angular velocity increased and then decreased during the impact. To study the velocity change, we introduced an analytical model and suggested that the ball deformation can play an important role to understand the friction effect during the impact.
Felled Trees as a Rockfall Protection System, Experimental Study for Numerical Models Calibration
Authors: Olmedo I. , Bourrier Franck , Bertrand D. , Berger Frédéric , Limam Ali
Published: June 2014

In mountain areas, natural hazards, such as snow avalanches, landslides and rockfall threat towns, communication routes and people. It is known that forests have a major capacity to dissipate rockfall energy. Forest maintenance or storms can reduce forest’s protective capacity; after such a reduction, felled trees can be strategically left on the slopes in order to replace live trees. The efficacy of these devices and their optimal position can be analyzed by developing a numerical model describing the rock-wooden device interaction. To develop a relevant model of these wooden devices when impacted, the research was focused, in one hand, on a rigorous characterization of the fresh wood mechanical properties to recreate the real dynamic response of stems after the impact. In the other hand, the local impactor-wood stem interaction at the contact point was analyzed. Laboratory experiments using Charpy pendulum, presented in this text, have been carried out to assess the calibration of the numerical model. Experimental results of the impact force and their relation with stems mass and the impact energy level were treated and commented. A second serie of experiments has enabled to characterize the law describing the contact between the stem and the impactor.