bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental effects of Deccan volcanism on biotic transformations and attendant Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary mass extinction in the Indian subcontinent: Organo-molecular evidence
Authors: Pal Sucharita , Srivastava Surabhi , Shrivastava* J.P.
Published: January 2020

Deccan volcanism likely triggered environmental stress that controlled biotic transformations and Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary mass extinction in the Indian subcontinent, but these revelations still remain inconclusive. Thus, we conducted high-resolution organo-molecular studies on a marine Um-Sohryngkew River K/Pg boundary succession. The results were used as standard reference for comparison with biotic attributes of the brackish water (Jhilmili) to freshwater (Anjar) intertrappean sediments and bole beds of the Deccan Traps. Organo-molecular compounds of the former section show strong correlation with the global stratotype section and point. High amounts of short-chain n-fatty acids and n-alkanes derived from autochthonous marine algal remains were observed in this section. However, the dominance of mid- and long-chain n-alkanes over short-chain n-alkanes in the Jhilmili intertrappean and intravolcanic bole beds of the eastern Deccan volcanic province suggested a terrestrial origin from higher plants under semiarid climatic conditions. The prolific abundance of n-alkanes in the Um-Sohryngkew River succession implies a mixture of terrestrial input from emergent and submerged/floating aquatic macrophytes. Low-molecular-weight aromatic hydrocarbon markers peak in biozone CF2 of the Um-Sohryngkew River succession. Possibly, this corresponds to greenhouse effects linked to the second phase of Deccan volcanism in the latest Maastrichtian, chron 29r. Abundant n-fatty acids found in the eastern Deccan bole beds suggest an origin from bacteria developed in a terrestrial environment. Depleted δ13Cbulk values recorded from Jhilmili intertrappean and eastern Deccan bole beds are indicative of low primary productivity and burning of terrestrial biomass. Total organic carbon (TOC) maxima observed in the lowermost Danian P1a foraminiferal biozone of the Um-Sohryngkew River succession are also linked to late Deccan phase-two eruptions. The presence of three low-molecular-weight aromatic hydrocarbon markers in the eastern Deccan bole bed implies incomplete combustion of organic compounds in a terrestrial environment. Moreover, the dominance of high-molecular-weight aromatic hydrocarbon markers in biozone CF3 of the Um-Sohryngkew River succession is akin to that reported from other well-established K/Pg boundary successions, suggestive of their possible derivation from regional fire induced by the heat supplied by Deccan volcanism, which has been linked to the K/Pg boundary transition. Thus, regional wildfire played a significant role and affected the ecosystem, which perhaps accounts for the mass extinction.
High energy photoionization of bound systems
Authors: Drukarev E. G. , Mikhailov A. I.
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate how the nonrelativistic high energy asymptotics for the photoionization cross sections of systems bound by a central field can be obtained without solving the wave equations. The earlier analysis carried out for s bound states is extended for p states. We show that the physically expected asymptotics for ionization of fullerenes is not reproduced by the model potentials employed nowadays.
An iterated local search algorithm for community detection in complex networks
Authors: Liu Chao , Kang Qinma , Kong Hanzhang , Li Wenquan , Kang Yunfan
Published: January 2020

Community detection is one of the most challenging problems in complex network analysis. This problem attracts an amount of interest from various scientific fields such as biology, social network and physics. In the past few decades, numerous heuristics and exact algorithms have been designed to address the problem. However, most of them are not suitable for large networks, since they require considerable computing time. Contrary to the recent trend in the community detection literature, where complex nature-inspired methods are often proposed, we present a simple metaheuristic approach based on the Iterated Local Search (ILS) algorithm which has been applied with great success to the related problems. Extensive comparative evaluations are carried out against the state-of-the-art techniques for the problem in the literature. The computational results show that ILS can detect communities with high quality and stability.
Investigations of Interactions Between Altretamine and Model Membranes: Spectroscopic and Calorimetric Analysis
Authors: Bilge D. , Civelek N. , Özçelik Çetinel Z.
Published: January 2020

Altretamine (ALT) is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved antineoplastic drug particularly used for ovarian cancer. This study examined, at a molecular level, the interactions of the drug with model membranes composed of phospholipids with different acyl chain lengths and head group charges at varied ALT concentrations based on temperature. For this purpose, spectroscopic studies of the liposomes in multilamellar vesicles form were conducted by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and their calorimetric studies were carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. The results of the study showed that ALT clearly interacted with lipids and that these interactions were more significant in multilamellar vesicles made up of short chain phospholipids. Moreover, the results suggested that ALT settled into the tail group region, in particular the region that formed the hydrophobic part of lipids, and this effects the whole section of the membranes including glycerol backbones and head groups. This study is expected to contribute, on molecular level, to the studies on the knowledge of the mechanism in cancer, which is still very much a dangerous disease, and its related treatment.
Acute Effects of Triathlon Race on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
Authors: Mrakic-Sposta Simona , Gussoni Maristella , Vezzoli Alessandra , Dellanoce Cinzia , Comassi Mario , Giardini Guido , Bruno Rosa Maria , Montorsi Michela , Corciu Anca , Greco Fulvia , Pratali Lorenza
Published: January 2020

The response to strenuous exercise was investigated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative damage, thiol redox status, and inflammation assessments in 32 enrolled triathlon athletes (41.9±7.9 yrs) during Ironman® (IR), or half Ironman® (HIR) competition. In biological samples, inflammatory cytokines, aminothiols (glutathione (GSH), homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys), and cysteinylglycine (CysGly)), creatinine and neopterin, oxidative stress (OxS) biomarkers (protein carbonyl (PC), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)), and ROS were assessed. Thirteen HIR and fourteen IR athletes finished the race. Postrace, ROS (HIR +20%; IR +28%; p<0.0001), TBARS (HIR +57%; IR +101%), PC (HIR +101%; IR +130%) and urinary neopterin (HIR +19%, IR +27%) significantly (range p<0.05-0.0001) increased. Moreover, HIR showed an increase in total Cys +28%, while IR showed total aminothiols, Cys, Hcy, CysGly, and GSH increase by +48, +30, +58, and +158%, respectively (range p<0.05-0.0001). ROS production was significantly correlated with TBARS and PC (R2=0.38 and R2=0.40; p<0.0001) and aminothiols levels (range R2=0.17-0.47; range p<0.01-0.0001). In particular, ROS was directly correlated with the athletes’ age (R2=0.19; p<0.05), with ultraendurance years of training (R2=0.18; p<0.05) and the days/week training activity (R2=0.16; p<0.05). Finally, the days/week training activity (hours/in the last 2 weeks) was found inversely correlated with the IL-6 postrace (R2=‐0.21; p<0.01). A strenuous performance, the Ironman® distance triathlon competition, alters the oxidant/antioxidant balance through a great OxS response that is directly correlated to the inflammatory parameters; furthermore, the obtained data suggest that an appropriate training time has to be selected in order to achieve the lowest ROS production and IL-6 concentration at the same time.
Tracheal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Presented with Chronic Asthma Diagnosed by Bronchial Washing Cytology
Authors: Mohammadnia Maryam , Hosseinzadeh Massood , Kumar Perikala Vijayananda , Mohammadzadeh Sahand
Published: January 2020

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a tumor that mainly arises from salivary glands and is present rarely in airways with nonspecific symptoms. Diagnosis based on bronchial washing cytology is rarely reported because this tumor is usually lined by normal mucosa. A 35-year-old woman was referred to our center as a case of unresponsive asthma and hemoptysis for the past year. CT scan showed tracheal mass. Bronchoscopy was done followed by bronchial washing cytology and biopsy. Cytology smears revealed sheets and three-dimensional clusters of small cells, and some of them arranged around hyaline mucoid globules. Cell block and biopsy showed classic pathological findings of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the airways can be manifested with nonspecific symptoms and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of airway diseases and asthma. This tumor is rarely seen in the bronchial washing specimen. Characteristic cytological findings and using cell block preparation differentiate adenoid cystic carcinoma from other tumors.
MYC Instructs and Maintains Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Phenotype
Authors: Sodir Nicole M. , Kortlever Roderik M. , Barthet Valentin J.A. , Campos Tania , Pellegrinet Luca , Kupczak Steven , Anastasiou Panayiotis , Swigart Lamorna Brown , Soucek Laura , Arends Mark J. , Littlewood Trevor D. , Evan Gerard I.
Published: January 2020

The signature features of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are its fibroinflammatory stroma, poor immune activity, and dismal prognosis. We show that acute activation of Myc in indolent pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm (PanIN) epithelial cells in vivo is, alone, sufficient to trigger immediate release of instructive signals that together coordinate changes in multiple stromal and immune-cell types and drive transition to pancreatic adenocarcinomas that share all the characteristic stromal features of their spontaneous human counterpart. We also demonstrate that this Myc-driven PDAC switch is completely and immediately reversible: Myc deactivation/inhibition triggers meticulous disassembly of advanced PDAC tumor and stroma and concomitant death of tumor cells. Hence, both the formation and deconstruction of the complex PDAC phenotype are continuously dependent on a single, reversible Myc switch.

Significance:

We show that Myc activation in indolent KrasG12D-induced PanIN epithelium acts as an immediate pleiotropic switch, triggering tissue-specific signals that instruct all the diverse signature stromal features of spontaneous human PDAC. Subsequent Myc deactivation or inhibition immediately triggers a program that coordinately disassembles PDAC back to PanIN.

See related commentary by English and Sears, p. 495.
Changes in Antimicrobial Resistance of Urinary Tract Infections in Adult Patients over a 5-Year Period
Authors: Caskurlu Hulya , Culpan Meftun , Erol Bulent , Turan Turgay , Vahaboglu Haluk , Caskurlu Turhan
Published: January 2020

Objectives: We aimed to determine the most common bacteria that cause urinary tract infections (UTIs), the rate of antibiotic resistance of these uropathogens, and the changes in resistance rates over the years for adult patients diagnosed with UTIs. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed urine cultures and antibiotic susceptibility results of patients >17 years of age from our outpatient clinic between 2014 and 2018. The most common uropathogens and their antibiotic resistance rates were identified in different age groups (18–39, 40–59, and ≥60 years) and with respect to gender and date of admission. In addition, the change in antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli between 2014 and 2018 was also examined. Results: A total of 9,556 positive urine cultures were included. The most common uropathogen was E. coli, and its prevalence was higher in females than males (70.6 vs. 53.4%, respectively). The majority of isolates were from patients ≥60 years of age. E. coli resistance was most pronounced for ampicillin (61.56%), followed by trimeth­oprim-sulfamethoxazole (49.80%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (34.69%), and cefazolin (30.72%). E. coli resistance to ampicillin, nitrofurantoin, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid increased significantly with time (all p = 0.001). For E. coli, resistance to ciprofloxacin, one of the most commonly used antibiotics for UTI, increased from 17 to 43% from 2014 to 2018. Conclusion: Most of the uropathogens displayed high resistance to ampicillin, tri­methoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and were susceptible to meropenem, ertapenem, and imipenem. Fosfomycin and cefepime were useful in the empirical treatment of community-acquired UTIs. A surprisingly high increase was observed in the resistance of E. coli to antimicrobial agents from 2014 to 2018.
Dieulafoy Lesion: Predictive Factors of Early Relapse and Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Massinha Paulo , Cunha Inês , Tomé Luís
Published: January 2020

Introduction: The Dieulafoy lesion (DL) is a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. Advances in the endoscopy field have allowed an increased rate of detection and therapeutic efficacy. However, doubts remain about the most effective hemostatic approach, the affecting variables of therapeutic failure, and early relapse, as well as in the long-term follow-up. Aims: To assess the efficacy of endoscopic treatment of DL and to identify possible risk factors for early relapse and long-term results. Methods: All patients with DL admitted to a tertiary hospital between 01/01/2007 and 12/31/2018 were evaluated. The form of presentation, associated pathologies, chronic medication, therapeutic approach, and eventual relapse were determined. A telephone interview was conducted for all patients to find out the long-term results. Results: We identified 73 patients with DL, 45 (61.6%) males, with a mean age of 74 ± 15 years. Thirty-nine patients presented the DL in the stomach, 15 in the duodenum, 2 in the small bowel, 3 in the colon, and 11 in the rectum. The median number of endoscopic examinations required for diagnosis was 2. Median Rockall was 4 (range 2–7). After endoscopic treatment, in 95% of the cases, no active bleeding was evident. Only 2 patients required interventional radiology procedures and 1 needed surgery. Fourteen patients (19%) had a rebleeding, 12 during hospitalization and 2 after a median time of 51 months (range 1–117). There was no difference between the groups with and without early relapse in relation to age, gender, hemoglobin values at presentation, presence of shock, associated pathologies, and anticoagulation. Antiplatelet agents intake had a statistically significant relationship with early relapse (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Endoscopic therapy is safe and effective in DL. Patients under antiplatelet therapy are more likely to have an early relapse. The long-term prognosis is excellent, even in patients only treated with endoscopic methods.
Analysis of Factors Related to Cerebral Infarction after Direct Bypass Surgery in Adults with Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Qian Yun , Huang Bin , Hu Zongmin , Wang Jian , Zhao Peng , Li Xingang
Published: January 2020

Objective: High-risk factors of the patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) were analyzed to provide the basis for prediction and management of cerebral infarction after direct bypass surgery in adult MMD. Methods: 1. Retrospective analysis of clinical data was collected from adult MMD patients (n = 250) following superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass surgery performed in our hospital from July 2013 to December 2017. Of the 250 patients, all underwent hemispherical bypass surgery, and bilateral surgery was performed on 14 patients. 2. Clinical data were analyzed based on sex, age, hypertension, diabetes, smoking history, history of alcohol use, presurgery cerebral infarction, transient ischemic attack, classification of clinical manifestations, clinical typing, Suzuki stage of surgical side, Suzuki stage of nonoperative side, preoperative Modified Rankin Scale (MRS), and lesions of the postoperative cycle or not. Results: 1. There were significant differences in classification of clinical manifestations, preoperative infarction, clinical typing, and Suzuki stage of nonoperative side (p < 0.05). 2. Logistic regression analysis showed that the independent factors affecting postoperative cerebral infarction were preoperative infarction and the Suzuki stage of nonoperative side (p < 0.05). The preoperative infarction (B 1.431, OR 4.184, 95% CI 1.217–14.382) and the Suzuki stage of nonoperative side (B 0.495, OR 1.640, 95% CI 1.207–2.227) were both risk factors. Conclusion: The possibility of a new cerebral infarction in postoperative patients with a history of cerebral infarction was greater. The Suzuki stages (I–VI) of the nonoperative side was higher and associated with an increased probability of cerebral infarction after surgery.
Risk of Stroke, Bleeding, and Death in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Arnson Yoav , Hoshen Moshe , Berliner-Sendrey Adi , Reges Orna , Balicer Ran , Leibowitz Morton , Avgil Tsadok Meytal , Haim Moti
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are both associated with increased risk of stroke, and CKD carries a higher bleeding risk. Oral anticoagulation (OAC) treatment is used to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with nonvalvular AF (NVAF); however, the risk versus benefit of OAC for advanced CKD is continuously debated. We aim to assess the management and outcomes of NVAF patients with impaired renal function within a population-based cohort. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study using ICD-9 healthcare coding. Patients with incident NVAF between 2004 and 2015 were identified stratified by CKD stage. We compared treatment strategies and estimated risks of stroke, death, or any major bleeding based on CKD stages and OAC treatment. Results: We identified 85,116 patients with incident NVAF. Patients with impaired renal function were older and had more comorbidities. OAC was most common among stage 2 CKD patients (49%) and least in stages 4–5 CKD patients (27.6%). Higher CKD stages were associated with worse outcomes. Stroke rates increased from 1.04 events per 100 person-years (PY) in stage 1 CKD to 3.72 in stages 4–5 CKD. Mortality increased from 3.42 to 32.95 events/100 PY, and bleeding rates increased from 0.89 to 4.91 events/100 PY. OAC was associated with reduced stroke and intracranial bleeding risk regardless of CKD stage, and with a reduced mortality risk in stages 1–3 CKD. Conclusion: Among NVAF patients, advanced renal failure is associated with higher risk of stroke, death, and bleeding. OAC was associated with reduced stroke and intracranial bleeding risk, and with improved survival in stages 1–3 CKD.
Доопераційна діагностика синдрому Міріззі
Authors: Rusyn V. I. , Rumiantsev K. E. , Pavuk F. M.
Published: January 2020

Мета роботи: визначення ефективності різних методів доопераційної діагностики синдрому Міріззі (СМ). Матеріали і методи. Проведений аналіз результатів обстеження 8100 пацієнтів із жовчнокам’яною хворобою. Частота спонтанних внутрішніх біліарних нориць (СВБН) склала 2,5 % (202 пацієнти). Із СМ І типу діагностовано 80 (39,6 %) пацієнтів, а із СМ ІІ (ІІ–V) типу 128 (60,4 %) пацієнтів. Чоловіків було 66 (31,7 %), жінок – 136 (68,3 %). Вік пацієнтів коливався в межах від 37 до 80 років (в середньому – 66,4 років). Всі хворі були обстежені за допомогою таких сучасних методів діагностики, як УЗД черевної порожнини, на апараті Voluson 730 Pro rus; спіральна КТ черевної порожнини на Somatom Emotion «Siemens»; ЕРХПГ; магнітно-резонансна томографія (МРТ) черевної порожнини і МРХПГ. Під час представлення результатів клініко-лабораторних досліджень виконували визначення діагностичної специфічності, чутливості та ефективності методу діагностики. Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Наявність ускладнених клінічних форм у пацієнтів із СМ було підставою до проведення комплексного обстеження за допомогою різних методів доопераційної діагностики. Згідно з отриманими результатами найефективнішим методом доопераційної діагностики синдрому Міріззі І та ІІ типу є магнітно-резонансна холангіопанкреатографія з ефективністю 84 % (СМ І) та 90 % (СМ ІІ–V). На другому місці за ефективністю діагностики є ендоскопічна ретроградна холангіопанкреатографія, де ефективність для СМ І типу становить 75,6 %, а для СМ ІІ типу 81 %. Ефективність ультразвукового методу дослідження для пацієнтів із СМ І типу склала 55 % та 68,8 % для хворих із СМ ІІ типу. Встановлено, що найменш ефективним методом доопераційної діагностики СМ є компʼютерна томографія з ефективністю 30 % та 61 % відповідно.
Обґрунтування термінів виконання лапароскопічної холецистектомії на основі темпу декомпресії жовчних шляхів при обтураційній жовтяниці, зумовленій холецистохоледохолітіазом
Authors: Nychytailo M. Yu. , Dziubanovskyi O. I.
Published: January 2020

Мета роботи: обґрунтувати оптимальні терміни виконання лапароскопічної холецистектомії після попереднього ендоскопічного транспапілярного втручання у хворих з обтураційною жовтяницею, зумовленою холецистохоледохолітіазом, шляхом визначення темпу декомпресії жовчних шляхів та динаміки відновлення показників функціонального стану печінки. Матеріали та методи. У 59 (33,34 %) пацієнтів апробовано двохетапну методику (трансбіліарне ендоскопічне дренування+ лапароскопічна холецистектомія) з визначенням оптимальних термінів виконання радикальної операції на основі динаміки білірубіну та темпу декомпресії після ендоскопічного втручання. Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Темп відповіді жовтяниці при проведенні транспапілярної біліарної декомпресії при легкому ступені жовтяниці на 1–3 добу після операції був помірним (В=14,3). Тоді як на 4–6 добу темп відповіді відповідав затяжному (В=9,62). Дослідження у групі хворих із середнім ступенем тяжкості жовтяниці показало, що темп відповіді жовтяниці на транспапілярну декомпресію у пацієнтів на 1–3 добу становив (B=19,8), що відповідає швидкому темпу, а на 4–6 добу після декомпресії відмічено трансформацію швидкого темпу в помірний (B=11,14). У пацієнтів з тяжким ступенем жовтяниці спостерігали на 1–3 добу після операції затяжний темп (B=9,66), тоді як на 4–6 добу після декомпресії темп відповіді жовтяниці трансформувався в швидкий (B=20,66). У хворих із легким ступенем жовтяниці при помірно-затяжному темпі декомпресії другий етап операції доцільно виконувати в перші три доби після декомпресійного періоду; при середньому ступені і при помірному темпі декомпресії – на 4–6 доби після попередньої операції; при тяжкому ступені і при швидкому темпі на 4–6 добу після декомпресії – з 14 доби після декомпресійного періоду або лікування завершується першим етапом.
Дренування рідинних скупчень заочеревинного простору при лікуванні гострого некротичного панкреатиту
Authors: Smachylo I. I. , Bedenyuk A. D. , Smachylo I. V. , Dobrorodniy V. B. , Futujma Yu. M.
Published: January 2020

Гострий панкреатит – одне з найтяжчих ургентних хірургічних захворювань. У близько чверті хворих розвиваються його некротичні форми з високим рівнем летальності. Тому нашою метою було покращення результатів хірургічного лікування хворих із гнійно-септичними ускладненнями некротичного панкреатиту шляхом застосування мініінвазивних (щадних) операційних втручань. Проведено аналіз комплексного лікування 37 хворих на гострий некротичний панкреатит у період гнійно-септичних ускладнень із поширенням гнійних періпанкреатичних запливів у заочеревинний простір. Після верифікації локалізації поширення запливу під контролем ультразвукового апарата методом “вільної руки” вводили троакар. Відстань до вогнища складала від 4 до 12 см. Виконували дренування рідинного утвору, гнійника з введенням у його порожнину дренажної трубки “нелотон” діаметром 12 Fr. При неефективності дренажної функції даного діаметра в 17 (46 %) пацієнтів вводили дренаж діаметром 20 Fr. При використанні даної методики спостерігали покращення її евакуаторної спроможності з відходженням секвестрів великого розміру. Це дозволило зменшити прояви інтоксикаційного синдрому, синдрому системної запальної відповіді та запобігти повторним лапаротомним операційним втручанням.
El agronecio de la soja en Paraguay
Authors: Pereira Lorena Izá
Published: January 2020

América Latina se configura como la principal región productora de soja, especialmente la llamada "La República Unida de la Soja", regionalización propuesta por la transnacional Syngenta en 2003. La soja es un cultivo geopolítico estratégico para la región, pues la inserta en una nueva orden mundial multipolar (OLIVEIRA, 2016). Sin embargo, la soja promueve un modelo de desarrollo basado en el neoextrativismo, un monocultivo orientado hacia el mercado externo, donde hay la exploración y el control sobre los recursos [incluyendo un control del acceso], con bajo retorno a la población. Paraguay es actualmente el país de América Latina que presenta la mayor tasa de crecimiento económico al mismo tiempo que posee la más alta concentración de tierras, con un índice de Gini de 0,94. Así, el objetivo de este artículo es exponer acerca del agronegocio de la soja en Paraguay, evidenciando las contradicciones e impactos del considerado motor de desarrollo económico del país.
La criminalización brasileña de mano de obra inmigrante latinoamericana en casas de apuestas clandestinas
Authors: Costa Lucas Fernandes da , Rodríguez Víctor Gabriel de Oliveira
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de este estudio es investigar la protección penal brasileña de la mano de obra inmigrante en casas de apuestas clandestinas, considerando los flujos migratorios latinoamericanos. Con este fin, primeramente se analiza el tema de la inmigración internacional en el contexto de Latinoamérica, con Brasil como uno de los principales destinos, destacando su principal motivación en términos socioeconómicos y su propósito correlacionado. A continuación, se cudia de la criminalización de las casas de juegos en Brasil, en términos dogmáticos. Por fin, se cuestiona cómo se trata al inmigrante como una fuerza laboral en el escenario de la exploración de la actividad económica del juego como un mercado ilícito , así como la tutela penal que le ofrece el país.
Impact of Valvulo-Arterial Impedance on Long-Term Quality of Life and Exercise Performance After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Nuis Rutger-Jan , Goudzwaard Jeannette A. , de Ronde-Tillmans Marjo J.A.G. , Kroon Herbert , Ooms Joris F. , van Wiechen Maarten P. , Geleijnse Marcel L. , Zijlstra Felix , Daemen Joost , Van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Mattace-Raso Francesco U.S. , Lenzen Mattie J. , de Jaegere Peter P.T.
Published: January 2020

Background:

In aortic stenosis, valvulo-arterial impedance (Zva) estimates the overall left ventricular afterload (valve and arterial component). We investigated the association of Zva (≥5 versus <5 mm Hg mL
−1
m
−2
) on quality of life (QOL) and exercise performance (EP) ≥1 year after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Methods:

The study population consists of 250 TAVR patients in whom baseline Zva and follow-up QOL was prospectively assessed using EuroQOL-5-dimensions instruments; EP was assessed in 192 patients who survived ≥1 year after TAVR using questionnaires related to daily activities. In 124 patients, Zva at 1-year was also available and was used to study the change in Zva (baseline to 1 year) on QOL/EP.

Results:

Elevated baseline Zva was present in 125 patients (50%). At a median of 28 (IQR, 17–40) months, patients with elevated baseline Zva were more limited in mobility (88% versus 71%;
P
=0.004), self-care (40% versus 25%;
P
=0.019), and independent daily activities (taking a shower: 53% versus 38%,
P
=0.030; walking 100 meter: 76% versus 54%,
P
=0.001; and walking stairs: 74% versus 54%,
P
=0.011). By multivariable analysis, elevated Zva predicted unfavorable QOL (lower EuroQOL-5-dimensions-Utility Index, odds ratio, 1.98; CI, 1.15–3.41) and unfavorable EP (any limitation in ≥3 daily activities, odds ratio, 2.55; CI, 1.41–4.62). After TAVR, the proportion of patients with elevated Zva fell from 50% to 21% and remained 21% at 1 year and was found to be associated with more limitations in mobility, self-care, and daily activities compared with patients with Zva <5 mm Hg mL
−1
m
−2
.

Conclusions:

Elevated Zva was seen in half of patients and predicted unfavorable long-term QOL and EP. At 1 year after TAVR, the prevalence of elevated Zva was 21% but remained associated with poor QOL/EP.
Absence of Long-Term Benefit of Revascularization in Patients With Intermittent Claudication
Authors: Djerf Henrik , Millinger Johan , Falkenberg Mårten , Jivegård Lennart , Svensson Mikael , Nordanstig Joakim
Published: January 2020

Background:

The long-term benefit of revascularization for intermittent claudication is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness compared with a noninvasive approach.

Methods:

The IRONIC trial (Invasive Revascularization or Not in Intermittent Claudication) randomized patients with mild-to-severe intermittent claudication to either revascularization + best medical therapy + structured exercise therapy (the revascularization group) or best medical therapy + structured exercise therapy (the nonrevascularization group). The health-related quality of life short form 36 questionnaire was primary outcome and disease-specific health-related quality of life (vascular quality of life questionnaire) and treadmill walking distances were secondary end points. Health-related quality of life has previously been reported superior in the revascularization group at 1- and 2-year follow-up. In this study, the 5-year results were determined. The cost-effectiveness of the treatment options was analyzed from a payer/healthcare standpoint.

Results:

Altogether, 158 patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio. Regarding the primary end point, no intergroup differences were observed for the short form 36 sum or domain scores from baseline to 5 years, except for the short form 36 role emotional domain score, with greater improvement in the nonrevascularization group (n=116,
P
=0.007). No intergroup differences were observed in the vascular quality of life questionnaire total and domain scores (n=116, NS) or in treadmill walking distances (n=91, NS). A revascularization strategy resulted in almost twice the cost per patient compared with a noninvasive treatment approach ($13 098 versus $6965,
P
=0.02).

Conclusions:

After 5 years of follow-up, a revascularization strategy had lost its early benefit and did not result in any long-term improvement in health-related quality of life or walking capacity compared to a noninvasive treatment strategy. Revascularization was not a cost-effective treatment option from a payer/healthcare point of view.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01219842.
Incidence and Predictors of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Established Atherosclerotic Disease or Multiple Risk Factors
Authors: Miao Benjamin , Hernandez Adrian V. , Alberts Mark J. , Mangiafico Nicholas , Roman Yuani M. , Coleman Craig I.
Published: January 2020

Background

There is a paucity of contemporary data estimating the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (
MACE
) in patients with established atherosclerotic disease or multiple risk factors managed in routine practice. We estimated 1‐ and 4‐year incidences of
MACE
and the association between
MACE
and vascular beds affected in these patients.

Methods and Results

Using
US IBM
MarketScan data from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017, we identified patients ≥45 years old with established coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease, or the presence of ≥3 risk factors for atherosclerosis during 2013 with a minimum of 4 years of follow‐up. We calculated 1‐ and 4‐year incidences of
MACE
(cardiovascular death or hospitalization for myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke). A Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusted for age and sex was used to evaluate the association between vascular bed number/location(s) affected and
MACE
. We identified 1 302 856 patients with established atherosclerotic disease or risk factors for atherosclerosis. Coronary artery disease was present in 16.9% of patients, cerebrovascular disease in 7.6%, peripheral artery disease in 13.6%, and risk factors for atherosclerosis only in 66.0%. The 1‐ and 4‐year incidences of
MACE
were 1.4% and 6.9%, respectively. At 4 years,
MACE
was more frequent in patients with atherosclerotic disease in a single (hazard ratio=1.51, 95%
CI
=1.48–1.55), 2‐(hazard ratio=2.35, 95%
CI
=2.27–2.44), or all 3 vascular beds (hazard ratio=3.30, 95%
CI
=2.97–3.68) compared with having risk factors for atherosclerosis.

Conclusions

Patients with established atherosclerotic disease or who have multiple risk factors and are treated in contemporary, routine practice carry a substantial risk for
MACE
at 1‐ and 4‐ years of follow‐up.
MACE
risk was shown to vary based on the number and location of vascular beds involved.
Taxonomic revision of the genus Flemingia (Leguminosae) from Indo-Chinese floristic region

Authors: DO TRUONG VAN , GAO XIN-FEN
Published: January 2020

In present research, we revised the taxonomy of Flemingia for the whole Indochinese floristic region, which consist of 24 species and one variety. China was the most diversified country with 18 species of Flemingia and one variety, followed by Myanmar (16 species), Thailand (13 species and one variety), Vietnam (12 species and one variety), Laos (12 species and one variety), and Cambodia (5 species). Flemingia weii is newly described from China, F. sootepensis and F. nana are new records for China, F. kerrii and F. mengpengensis are new records for Myanmar, and F. semialata is a new record for Vietnam and China. Based on the identity of morphological characters, we synonymized F. ferruginea var. eglandulosa, F. yunnanensis, F. kradungensis, F. tiliaceae under F. kerrii, F. macrophylla, F. kweichowensis, F. strobilifera, respectively. Furthermore, the lectotype of F. ferruginea var. eglandulosa and F. lineata var. hirtella are designated here. For each species, accepted names, literature, synonyms, type specimens, full description, iconography citation, ecology, phenology, distribution and taxonomic notes with morphologically characters have been studied in detials. In order to facilitate species identification and delimitation, a dichotomous key to the known species of Flemingia within the Indochinese floristic region was provided. Additionally, some doubtful species were also discussed.
New morphological and anatomical data on the genus Fuernrohria (Apiaceae)

Authors: BANİ BARIŞ , MAVİ İDMAN DUDU ÖZLEM
Published: January 2020

In this study, morphological and anatomical data (including fruit micromorphological characters) of the genus Fuernrohria were studied and compared with the related genera Grammosciadium, Caropodium and Vinogradovia. The morphological description of Fuernrohria setifolia, which is the only known species in the genus, is expanded. Photos of inflorescences, infructescences and leaves of the species taken from the wild are provided. Leaf segment and mericarps are illustrated, and also the distribution area of the genus is mapped. Anatomical features of root, stem, leaf sheath, leaf segment and fruit are presented with photographs of cross sections for each of them. Vegetative anatomical characteristics of the species and micromorphological description of fruit are given and exhibited for the first time in the present study. The results show that two important diagnostic characters for Fuernrohria are determined for the first time as “shape and size of commissural vittae in mericarps” and “number of vascular bundles in leaf cross section”.
3. Academic Publishing
Authors: Edmond Jennifer , Romary Laurent
Published: January 2020

In this chapter, Edmond and Romary examine the complex interaction between production and consumption of scholarly literature. First, they explore the strengths and appeals of print publishing as opposed to electronic counterparts, highlighting an interesting tension in reader response – that readers prefer the long, written form of the monograph despite research evidence that suggests readers no longer read sources from start to finish. Next, they identify a disconnect between the needs and choices of the writer as well as the reader, and consider issues of formality and informality in relation to new and traditional methods of research outputs. In turn, they highlight the challenge of supplementing traditional forms with smaller units of scholarly production in a way that is verifiable, in-depth, sustains argument, and does not simply mimic monographs. The issue of evaluation in scholarship is then discussed, and institutional and cultural barriers to change are identified in terms of protection and authority. Edmond and Romary ultimately argue that it is not technology that has to change for alternative methods to emerge, become normalised and accepted; but that the culture of the institutions and disciplines needs to stretch to accommodate these possibilities.
5. Violins in the Subway
Authors: Eve Martin Paul
Published: January 2020

Eve begins this chapter with a question: how good are we at independently judging research work, devoid of its enframing apparatus? Using the analogy of hearing a world-famous violinist play in a subway, Eve draws our attention to the current circularity of incentives that exist in both authorship and peer-reviewing practices that not only skew our ability to determine quality but are also severely restricting advances in how scholarly literature are assessed. He argues that all systems of evaluation, from peer-review to aggregation, are economic in character and examines how digital humanities pose a set of challenges to the three elements of academic evaluative cultures: the desired scarcity correlation between the research artefact and the position, a frame for evaluation that denotes scarcity, and a set of disciplinary norms about which frames best denote comparable scarcity. Among the strategies for changing cultures suggested by Eve in this chapter are disciplinary segregation, print simulation, and direct economics.
6. 'Black Boxes' and True Colour — A Rhetoric of Scholarly Code
Authors: Van Zundert Joris , Antonijević Smiljana , Andrews Tara
Published: January 2020

Van Zundert, Antonijević, and Andrews begin by highlighting the important role coding plays in digital humanities research, how it is easily overlooked, as well as the detrimental and undetectable effects this can have on the research outcomes itself. Using Latour’s concept of the ‘black box’, and drawing parallels between codework and rhetorical arguments, the authors argue that code is a social construct that inadvertently embeds social and ideological beliefs upon research; furthermore, they highlight the current lack of monitoring, crediting and critiquing of codework. They use an analytical autoethnography method to examine the experiences of digital humanities scholars proficient in both humanities research and coding, grouping their observations into categories inspired by ‘the five canons of rhetoric’. Their findings illustrate that while code and codework increasingly shape research, they are rarely part of disciplinary discussions and the consequences include: limitations to the integration of digital scholarship into the humanities, softwares becoming reduced to merely user interfaces, and the loss of recognition for hybrid scholars who function as digital humanities programmers. They conclude that interdependence of code and text should become an established trajectory in the humanities as well as the development of methods for documenting, analysing and evaluating codework.
10. The Risk of Losing the Thick Description
Authors: Tóth-Czifra Erzsébet
Published: January 2020

This chapter explores some of the aspects underlying the domain-specific, epistemic processes that pose challenges to the FAIRification of knowledge creation in arts and humanities. Tóth-Czifra argues that the FAIR principles (findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) have been designed according to underlying assumptions about how knowledge creation operates and communicates. This causes issues in productive reuse of digitised cultural heritage resources and legal barriers can prevent institutions from sharing metadata online, which can further skew research towards what is easily available and free to find online. However, standardisation of shared metadata can also have epistemological challenges and affect the systems of discovery and knowledge creation — a price which Tóth-Czifra argues is too high. She argues that in order to be truly reusable, data should achieve autonomy from their curator, and by bringing scholarly communication, data sharing and academic publishing together, we can reach a more sustainable research data management ecosystem. Relying on domain-relevant community standards as well as increasing the social life of data is critical to avoid having deposited datasets being buried in isolated ‘data tombs’.
Climate Model State Estimation Using Variants of EnKF Coupled Data Assimilation
Authors: Sandery Paul A. , O’Kane Terence J. , Kitsios Vassili , Sakov Pavel
Published: January 2020

Data assimilation (DA) experiments are performed to assess impacts of observations in climate model state estimation through the cross-domain ocean–atmosphere forecast error covariances (cross covariances). Specifically, we explore strongly and weakly coupled DA variants using the Climate Analysis Forecast Ensemble (CAFE) system. This comprises 96 ensemble members of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) CM2.1 climate model assimilating observational data from the ocean, atmosphere, and sea ice realms with the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). Sequences of atmospheric synoptic time-scale coupled forecasts (7 days) are carried out with model consistent initialization. Unassimilated forward-independent observations are used to quantify forecast innovation error-growth rates. The results show benefit for the slow components of the atmosphere and ocean subsurface when strongly coupling ocean observations to the atmosphere. In the present system, projecting fast atmospheric observations onto the ocean subsurface through the cross covariances benefits the oceanic and atmospheric near-surface layers; however, this leads to deterioration in the ocean subsurface. Particular variants of coupled DA are able to constrain the ocean and atmosphere. The forecasts initialized with these variants have predictability at intraseasonal time scales. Errors associated with the dominant intraseasonal mode of variability, the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), are decomposed into normal mode functions. Consistent with recent studies showing large MJO events are concurrent with rapid error growth associated with nonlinear interactions, we find a clear relationship between the strength of a given MJO event and the related forecast innovations. Our results demonstrate consistent system behavior in relation to capturing real-world disturbances that affect climate predictability.
Synoptic Climatology of Rain-on-Snow Events in Alaska
Authors: Crawford Alex D. , Alley Karen E. , Cooke Anna M. , Serreze Mark C.
Published: January 2020

Rain-on-snow (ROS) events can have adverse impacts on high-latitude ungulate populations when rain freezes in the snowpack, forming ice layers that block access to winter forage. In extreme cases, ROS events have led to mass die-offs. ROS events are linked to advection of warm and moist air, associated with extratropical cyclones. However, these conditions are common to many winter precipitation events, challenging our understanding of the particular conditions under which ROS events occur. This study uses the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2) to differentiate ROS events in Alaska from precipitation events in which only snow falls on a preexisting snowpack [snow-on-snow (SOS)]. Over the North Slope and Kotzebue Sound, no clear difference exists between the tracks of ROS-producing and SOS-producing storms. However, in the interior, southwest, and Anchorage, tracks of ROS-producing storms tend to be farther north and west than for SOS-producing storms. The northwest shift of ROS-producing storms is linked to the position of upper-tropospheric anticyclones in the eastern Gulf of Alaska during ROS events. ROS-producing storms are no more intense than SOS-producing storms, but their association with atmospheric blocking leads to stronger pressure gradients on the east side of storms and thereby stronger advection of positive anomalies in temperature and precipitable water. For several sites, sea level pressure in the eastern Gulf of Alaska is also significantly higher a few days prior to ROS events than prior to SOS events, further implicating atmospheric blocking as a facilitator and potential predictor of ROS events.
The Semiperipheral States in the Twenty-first Century: Measuring the Structural Position of Regional Powers and Secondary Regional States
Authors: Morales Ruvalcaba Daniel
Published: January 2020

The notion of semiperiphery refers to specific, delimited, observable and geographically referenced spaces: the semiperipheries fulfil a complex structural function and are not common in the world system. In this way, what countries have transited through these ascending/descending mobilities and now make up the semiperiphery? This article not only presents an extensive theoretical review of the concept of semiperiphery but also demonstrates the coexistence of two groups of states in the semiperiphery: the first, the high or strong, semiperiphery, is composed of the so-called regional powers; the second, the low or weak, semiperiphery, is made up of a group that has been little studied so far and that can be named as secondary regional states. Due to an increase in their material and immaterial capacities, the regional powers entered into a dynamic of rise in the first decade of the twenty-first century and, with this, they strengthened their position in the international structure; secondary regional states did not stand out due to their emergence, but they significantly increased their semi-material capacities, which places them on the path of development. However, none of the cases have overcome their situation and semiperipheral nature.