bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quorum Sensing from Two Engineers’ Perspectives
Authors: Stephens Kristina , Bentley William E.
Published: January 2023

Quorum sensing, a bacterial process for coordinating community behavior, has inspired scientists to engineer cell‐cell communication for diverse applications. Fundamental knowledge of the molecular underpinnings of quorum sensing systems enabled engineers to rewire quorum sensing circuits in order to alter quorum sensing processes, program control of bacterial populations, and engineer cell‐cell communication. Further, scientific advancements from diverse engineering disciplines have contributed to the design of devices enabling new modes of manipulating or communicating with biological cells. This perspective reviews early and current developments in engineering cell‐cell communication and its applications. Influence of the quorum sensing field on the authors, both engineers, is briefly discussed.
Age‐dependent treatment effect of vocal fold steroid injection for benign vocal fold lesions
Authors: Nozawa Miki , Kanazawa Takeharu , Kurakami Kazuya , Kashima Kazutaka , Okui Ayako , Hasegawa Tomohiro , Hirosaki Mayu , Kamitomai Manami , Igarashi Takeshi , Ito Makoto , Watanabe Yusuke
Published: January 2023

Objective

Benign vocal fold lesions (BVFLs) cause voice disorders and impair social life. Recently, office‐based vocal fold steroid injection (VFSI) has gained attention as a minimally invasive treatment for BVFLs. This study aimed to analyze the age‐dependent treatment effect of VFSI and to clarify the indications for treatment.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 83 patients with BVFLs were treated with a similar regimen of VFSI. Three or four months after the injection, age‐dependent phonological functions were evaluated. The differences between pre‐ and post‐treatment findings were analyzed using the Wilcoxon matched‐pair signed‐rank test, and the correlation between patient age and improvement rates were determined by Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results

Improvement in voice handicap index (VHI), which was the primary endpoint, was observed. Subjective and objective voice quality measurements also showed significant improvements. Subgroup analyses revealed that there was no age‐related difference in the improvement of voice quality and that there was no improvement in aerodynamic effect in patients over 45 years of age.

Conclusion

This study clarified the age‐dependent treatment effect of VFSI and provided the important suggestion of establishing indication criteria for BVFLs. The study results provided clarity on the indication criteria of VFSI and served as an important indicator for tailoring treatment to patients' needs.

Level of Evidence

4
Monolithically Integrating III‐Nitride Quantum Structure for Full‐Spectrum White LED via Bandgap Engineering Heteroepitaxial Growth
Authors: Fan Benjie , Zhao Xiaoyu , Zhang Jingqiong , Sun Yuechang , Yang Hongzhi , Guo L. Jay , Zhou Shengjun
Published: January 2023

Great progress made by heteroepitaxial growth technology encourages rapid development of III‐nitride heteroepitaxial structures and their applications in extensive fields. Particularly, innate bandgap tunability of III‐nitride materials renders them attractive for white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) that are considered as next‐generation solid‐state lighting sources. However, commercial phosphor‐converted WLEDs suffer from poor color rendering index (CRI) and intense blue component, hard to fulfill demanding requirements simultaneously for energy efficiency and healthy lighting. Here, an efficient full‐spectrum WLED excited by monolithically integrated III‐nitride quantum structure is reported, in which trichromatic InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells are constructed by bandgap engineering heteroepitaxy growth allowing flexible regulation of indium composition and quantum barrier thickness to manipulate carrier transport behavior. Furthermore, relationship between structural parameters and emission characteristics as well as their impact on white light performance is systematically demonstrated. Combined with commonly used green‐red phosphor mixture, the fabricated full‐spectrum warm/cold WLEDs can emit broadband and continuous spectra with low‐ratio blue component, first exhibiting superior CRI (> 97/98), color fidelity (97/97), saturation (100/99), and luminous efficacy (>120/140 lm W−1). This work demonstrates the advantages of bandgap‐engineered quantum structure applied in excitation source, and opens up new avenues for the exploration of high‐quality solid‐state lighting.
Investigation of the Second Harmonic Generation at the Water–Vacuum Interface by Using Multi‐Scale Modeling Methods
Authors: Ramos Tárcius N. , Champagne Benoît
Published: January 2023

Invited for this month′s cover picture are Dr. Tárcius N. Ramos and Prof. Benoît Champagne at the University of Namur (Belgium). The cover picture shows the interfacial selectivity of second harmonic generation at the water‐vacuum interface, which is targeted in this work. In more details, the molecular first hyperpolarizability responses have been calculated by combining classical molecular dynamics and quantum chemistry simulations, and our model was able to distinguish between the bulk and the interfacial contributions. Read the full text of their Research Article at 10.1002/open.202200045.
Asserting integrity in Mexico's civic sector
Authors: Lean Sharon F. , Bitzarakis Evan
Published: January 2023

In societies where civic space is closing, integrity in the civic sector is critical for its sustainability. Where state regulatory frameworks are inadequate, or worse, manipulative, self‐regulation can help defend the sector's integrity and strengthen the ability of civic associations to serve the public and contribute to democracy. This paper describes the strategic role in self‐regulation of a particular type of third sector actor in Mexico, the coordinating body or civic network. A case study of the Mexican Center for Philanthropy (CEMEFI) and its Accreditation in Institutionalization and Transparency project illustrates the contribution of NGO networks in service to the sector, and their key role in diffusion of norms of transparency and accountability within the civic sector and beyond.
Metal‐Free Catalytic Functionalization of Second −Csp2−H Bond of 1‐Methyl Pyrrole Using Bishomocubane‐Derived Aminoborane Frustrated Lewis Pairs: A Computational Study
Authors: Patel Tulsi R. , Ganguly Bishwajit
Published: January 2023

Bishomocubane, as a molecular scaffold, has been designed to functionalize the −Csp2−H bond of 1‐methyl pyrrole. The newly designed molecular scaffold showed noteworthy improvements in the reaction energetics than the phenylene scaffold. The DFT (ωB97XD/6‐31+G(d,p)) calculations revealed that the dimethyl amine (A) and piperidine (B) analogues of bishomocubane frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) can catalyze the first −Csp2−H functionalization much more easily than that of the phenylene FLP. The previous results showed that the second −Csp2−H functionalization was found to be energetically difficult. The DFT calculations suggest that the piperidine analogue of bishomocubane, 1‐Pip‐2‐BH2‐C10H10 (B), can lead the second −Csp2−H functionalization facile than the reported FLPs. The rate‐determining step of the second −Csp2−H functionalization is significantly lower with the catalyst (B) by ∼9.0 kcal/mol compared to the phenylene catalyst (II). The improved reactivity of bishomocubane FLPs has been examined with molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) analysis and the conceptual density functional theory (CDFT) calculations. The hyperconjugative stabilization interaction (n→σ*) and the strain relief between the Lewis pairs play a crucial role in the stability of rate‐determining transition states. This study reveals that saturated hydrocarbon scaffolds are promising candidates as FLP catalysts in such reactions.
Pyrolysis of Trifluoroacetic Acid and Trifluoroacetic Anhydride Studied with Mass Spectrometry and Synchrotron Radiation: Decomposition and Free Radical Formation
Authors: Cardona Alejandro L. , Salas Juana , Lesniak Lukas , Mommers A. A. , Mayer Paul M. , Burgos Paci Maxi A.
Published: January 2023

The remediation strategies for accumulated polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a subject of great concern in environmental science. In this study, the thermal decomposition of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAN), taken as models of PFAS, were explored. Imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence (iPEPICO) spectroscopy was used to detect pyrolysis products from room temperature to 1000 °C under dilute conditions. The observed pyrolysis products of each molecule were CO, CO2, CF2, and CF2O (and CF3 for TFAN), with some species reflecting unimolecular rearrangement prior to dissociation. Electronic structure calculations using density functional theory and the SVECV‐F12 composite method were employed to evaluate the energy of the different decomposition channels. The results show the advantage of exploring the pyrolysis under dilute conditions to catch the first stages of unimolecular dissociation of these molecules for the first time.
Electrochemical Crystallization for Phosphate Recovery in the Form of Vivianite by a Two‐Chamber Electrolysis Cell Using Sacrificial Iron Anodes
Authors: Song Xingfu , Chen Tengshu , Xing Mengyao
Published: January 2023

A sequencing batch two chamber electrolysis cell was set up to recover phosphate(P) from synthetic wastewater containing KH2PO4 with different gradients.In the cell, ferrous iron goes into the liquor from iron‐anode to precipitate soluble P and form vivianite.The two‐chamber electrolytic cell provides a suitable pH range for the formation of vivianite without adding acid and alkali, which saves costs and avoids waste of resources. After repeated experiments with different gradients, the minimum phosphorus(P) removal efficiency was stably achieved at 97.17 %. After long‐term operation, the P removal effect was not affected despite the fouling of the proton exchange membrane(PEM). Further analysis by XRD, FITR and SEM illustrated that the P recovery precipitated was vivianite.
Bacteria‐Assisted Synthesis of Fe‐Co‐Ni‐S/Hollow Carbon Spheres as High‐Performance Supercapacitor Electrode Materials
Authors: Sun Yue , Li Shiqi , Yang Xinran , Zhang Yutang , Liao Bangzheng , Zhu Chengxing , Yang Jiajun , Xu Bingrong , Cao Fu , Guo Xingmei , Zhang Junhao
Published: January 2023

Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) as an important type of pseudocapacitive material face the problems of low conductivity and limited morphology, when applying as supercapacitor electrodes. To address the above issues, bacterium streptococcus thermophilus is chosen as template to synthesize Fe‐Co‐Ni‐S/hollow carbon submicron sphere (Fe‐Co‐Ni‐S/HCSS) composites. Benefiting from the active Fe‐Co‐Ni‐S providing multiple redox sites and hollow spherical carbon substrate ensuring fast electron/mass transport, the optimum composite delivers a high specific capacitance of 1029.5 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. When the current density increases to 10 A g−1, the capacitance is still up to 927.2 F g−1 and retains 88 % of the initial value after 3000 cycles, showing excellent rate capability and stability. This work provides a facile method to synthesize sulfide/carbon composites with elaborate microorganism morphologies for promoting supercapacitor performance. Considering the big structural diversity of bacteria, this method is extendable to other microstructures and compositions, which is of high value for developing advanced electrode materials in new energy fields.
Chemical Modification of Acidic Residues of Cytochrome c with Safranin: pH Effect on Structure and Function of the Modified Protein
Authors: Hashemnia Sedigheh , Karmand Zahra , Mokhtari Zaynab
Published: January 2023

Utilizing cytochrome c (Cyt c), we studied the covalent attachment of safranin O to a protein could affect the protein properties. The effect of covalent attachment of safranin to Cyt c was explored using spectroscopic techniques, which revealed changes in the secondary and tertiary structure of the protein. Using Trp 59 fluorescence emission (λem=355 nm) and safranin fluorescence profile (λem=587 nm), we investigated the changes in the structure of the heme moiety and the binding of safranin molecules to the Cyt c protein. Far‐UV CD spectroscopy results showed that modification significantly reduced the α‐helix content. Studies showed that the modification causes the prevention of thermal aggregation of the protein at 65 °C and decreases in the peroxidase activity of the protein. Investigating of the pH effect revealed that although the Cyt c modification reduced peroxidase activity, the pH shift to pH 6.0 could increase the peroxidase activity.
Synthesis of N‐(2‐(tert‐Butylamino)‐2‐oxoethyl)‐2,2‐dichloro‐N‐aryl(alkyl)acetamides as Anticancer Agents: Molecular Modeling and Biological Evaluations
Authors: Zare Somayeh , Ramezani Zahra , Ghadiri Ata A. , Fereidoonnezhad Masood
Published: January 2023

Dichloroacetate (DCA) is considered as a highly bioavailable and small anticancer agent which reduces tumor growth through inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases. Various DCA derivatives were designed, synthesized and eluated by FT‐IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and Mass spectrum. Biological evaluations of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against three human cancer cell lines, A549 (lung), MCF‐7 (breast), and MDA‐MB‐231 (breast), as well as a non‐tumorigenic breast cell line (MCF‐10A). Among synthesized compounds, N‐(2‐(tert‐butylamino)‐1‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐oxoethyl)‐2,2‐dichloro‐N‐(2‐fluorophenyl)acetamide (A5) had a promising cytotoxic effect with IC50 values of 11.94, 15.57, and 16.54 μM against MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231, and A549 cells, respectively. It can also induce apoptosis in MCF‐7 cell line. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies were also carried out show binding sites and energies to the PDKs isoenzymes. All of the compounds demonstrated appropriate selectivity between cancerous and non‐cancerous cell lines. These results provide valuable insight for the additional development of novel dichloroacetate‐containing compounds.
A Planar‐Chiral Palladium Complex Derived from a Weak Oxygen Donor N,N‐Diisopropyl Ferrocenecarboxamide Ligand
Authors: Thorat Raviraj Ananda , Mandhar Yogesh , Parganiha Devendra , Patil Khushbu Bindesh , Singh Vikram , Shakir Batul , Raju Saravanan , Kumar Sangit
Published: January 2023

The reaction of chiral 2‐iodoferrocenecarboxamide, palladium(II) acetate, and triphenylphosphine ligand in acetonitrile has been resulted in the formation of an air‐stable chiral (Sp)‐2‐(N,N‐diisopropyl ferrocenecarboxamide) triphenylphosphine palladium(II) iodide complex. The isolated chiral palladium complex was thoroughly characterized by multi‐nuclear (1H, 13C, 31P) NMR, IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, polarimetry, CHN analysis, cyclic voltammetry and single crystal X‐ray crystallography (XRD). The single‐crystal XRD analysis reveals a square planar geometry around the palladium atom with a strong amide oxygen‐Pd bond [2.095(6) Å]. The palladium complex crystallized in the C2‐chiral space group having a Flack parameter value of 0.011(14), which is close to 0 and indicative of the enantiomeric purity of the palladium complex. The electrochemical study reveals a two‐electron redox couple due to the ferrocenyl Fe(II) atom and the palladacyclic Pd(II) center. In differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), two peaks were observed at 450 mV and 590 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. Further, the synthesized chiral palladacyle has also been explored in Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reaction as a substrate and as a catalyst for Tsuji‐Trost coupling and phosphonation reactions.
Synthesis and Characterization of New o‐Carboranes‐Based Aggregation‐Induced Emission Molecules with Ultra‐Large Stokes Shift
Authors: Wang Li , Zhou Cheng‐Sheng , Dai Yu‐Han , Hou Yu‐Liang , Yan Jian‐Feng , Li Yuan‐Ming , Yuan Yao‐Feng
Published: January 2023

Four o‐carborane‐based aggregation‐induced emission molecules with ultra‐large Stokes shifts were designed and synthesized. To explore the origin of the ultra‐large Stokes shifts (Δλ ≈ 268–294 nm) of the four target molecules, a new molecule named CZ‐Ph‐PO was synthesized by replacing the o‐carborane unit in CZ‐CB‐PO with a benzene ring. It was found that the ultra‐large Stokes shift was the result of the combined action of diphenylphosphinyl and o‐carborane, in which o‐carborane was the key group. In addition, combined with the single crystal structure analysis, the effect of halogens on molecular photophysical properties was investigated. Our work provides a reference for the design and synthesis of o‐carborane‐based fluorescent molecules with ultra‐large Stokes shifts.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3′,5′‐d2‐Cannabidiol
Authors: Jiang Fan , Wu Ping , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2023

Cannabidiol (CBD) is the primary active pharmacologic component in Cannabis sativa l., which is non‐psychoactive. CBD shows anti‐tumor, anti‐inflammatory, sedative and many other activities, thus demonstrating potential therapeutic utilities in neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, cancer and other diseases. There have been numerous pharmacokinetic studies of CBD, which indicate the main metabolic sites are 6‐ and 7‐position of monoterpene and alkyl chain of the olivetol. While only few studies are available for the metabolic sites of the benzene ring. In this paper, the aromatic hydrogen on the benzene ring was deuterated, and the antitumor activity, hERG potassium channel activity and liver microsome stability of 3′,5′‐d2‐cannabidiol (D2CBD) and CBD were compared. The results show that the antitumor activity and hERG potassium channel activity are slightly improved, whereas liver microsomes stability of D2CBD is not significantly improved.
Exploring the In‐Vitro Antibacterial Activity and Protein (Human Serum Albumin, Human Hemoglobin and Lysozyme) Interaction of Hexagonal Silver Nanoparticle Obtained from Wood Extract of Wild Cherry Shrub
Authors: Shahabadi Nahid , Zendehcheshm Saba , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: January 2023

Here, the silver nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous wood extract of cerasus macrocarpa (wild Cherry) shrub. This green synthesis method was both eco‐friendly and straightforward. The nanoparticles were characterized using FT‐IR, zeta potential, ultraviolet‐visible, TEM, and SEM‐EDX analysis. Green synthesized AgNPs demonstrated effective antibacterial activity against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria (S. aureus and E. coli). Furthermore, fluorometric, circular dichroism and UV‐vis were used to study the interaction of green synthesized AgNPs with Human serum albumin (HSA (, Human hemoglobin (HHb), and Lysozyme (Lys) in simulated physiological conditions. The studies of interaction with HSA, HHb and Lys show good binding affinity for green synthesized silver nanoparticles; the binding affinity was found in the order Lys>HSA>HHb at 298.15 K. The results show that the native conformation of HSA, HHb, and Lys was preserved at the secondary structure level, which is crucial in providing insights into the side effects of newly synthesized drugs on their carriers. The fluorescence data represented that green synthesized AgNPs quench the intrinsic fluorescence of proteins through a static quenching procedure.
A Strong Acid‐Induced DNA Hydrogel Based on pH‐Reconfigurable A‐Motif Duplex
Authors: Hu Yuwei , Ying Jackie Y.
Published: January 2023

Under a pH value lower than the pKa of adenine (3.5), adenine‐rich sequences (A‐strand) form a unique parallel A‐motif duplex due to the protonation of A‐strand. At a pH above 3.5, deprotonation of adenines leads to the dissolution of A‐motif duplex to A‐strand single coil. This pH‐reconfigurable A‐motif duplex has been developed as a novel pH‐responsive DNA hydrogel, termed A‐hydrogel. The hydrogel state is achieved at pH 1.2 by the A‐motif duplex bridging units, which are cross‐linked by both reverse Hoogsteen interaction and electrostatic attraction. Hydrogel‐to‐solution transition is triggered by pH 4.3 due to the deprotonation‐induced separation of A‐motif duplex. The A‐hydrogel system undergoes reversible hydrogel–solution transitions by subjecting the system to cyclic pH shifts between 1.2 and 4.3. An anti‐inflammatory medicine, sulfasalazine (SSZ), which intercalates into A‐motif duplex, is loaded into A‐hydrogel. Its pH‐controlled release from A‐hydrogel is successfully demonstrated. The strong acid‐induced A‐hydrogel may fill the gap that other mild acid‐responsive DNA hydrogels cannot do, such as protection of orally delivered drug in hostile stomach environment against strong acid (pH ~ 1.2) and digestive enzymes.
Clinically Translatable Transcrocetin Delivery Platform for Correction of Tumor Hypoxia and Enhancement of Radiation Therapy Effects
Authors: Diringer Marie‐Charlotte , Coliat Pierre , Mathieu Clélia , Laurent Nina , Mura Carole , Banerjee Mainak , Zhu Chen , Grabowska Anna , Ritchie Alison , Clarke Philip , Bernard Alexandre , Vit Claire , Burckel Hélène , Noel Georges , Harvey Peter , Pivot Xavier , Detappe Alexandre
Published: January 2023

Improving the tumor reoxygenation to sensitize the tumor to radiation therapy is a cornerstone in radiation oncology. Here, the pre‐clinical development of a clinically transferable liposomal formulation encapsulating trans sodium crocetinate (NP TSC) is reported to improve oxygen diffusion through the tumor environment. Early pharmacokinetic analysis of the clinical trial of this molecule performed on 37 patients orient to define the optimal fixed dosage to use in a triple‐negative breast cancer model to validate the therapeutic combination of radiation therapy and NP TSC. Notably, it is reported that this formulation is non‐toxic in both humans and mice at the defined fixed concentration, provides a normalization of the tumor vasculature within 72 h window after systemic injection, leads to a transient increase (50% improvement) in the tumor oxygenation, and significantly improves the efficacy of both mono‐fractionated and fractionated radiation therapy treatment. Together, these findings support the introduction of a first‐in‐class therapeutic construct capable of tumor‐specific reoxygenation without associated toxicities.
Critical Influence of Organic A′‐Site Ligand Structure on 2D Perovskite Crystallization
Authors: Qin Zhaotong , Xue Haibo , Qin Minchao , Li Yuhao , Wu Xiao , Wu Wei‐Ru , Su Chun‐Jen , Brocks Geert , Tao Shuxia , Lu Xinhui
Published: January 2023

Organic A′‐site ligand structure plays a crucial role in the crystal growth of 2D perovskites, but the underlying mechanism has not been adequately understood. This problem is tackled by studying the influence of two isomeric A′‐site ligands, linear‐shaped n‐butylammonium (n‐BA+) and branched iso‐butylammonium (iso‐BA+), on 2D perovskites from precursor to device, with a combination of in situ grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and density functional theory. It is found that branched iso‐BA+, due to the lower aggregation enthalpies, tends to form large‐size clusters in the precursor solution, which can act as pre‐nucleation sites to expedite the crystallization of vertically oriented 2D perovskites. Furthermore, iso‐BA+ is less likely to be incorporated into the MAPbI3 lattice than n‐BA+, suppressing the formation of unwanted multi‐oriented perovskites. These findings well explain the better device performance of 2D perovskite solar cells based on iso‐BA+ and elucidate the fundamental mechanism of ligand structural impact on 2D perovskite crystallization.
Quantifying detection probability of American woodcock (Scolopax minor) on transects sampled with thermal cameras
Authors: Gray Luke F. , McNeil Darin J. , Larkin Jeffery T. , Parker Halie A. , Shaffer Dakotah , Larkin Jeffery L.
Published: January 2023

Developing effective monitoring techniques for sensitive wildlife populations is essential for improving conservation outcomes. The American woodcock (Scolopax minor; hereafter woodcock) is an upland migratory game bird traditionally surveyed by documenting displaying males in spring. Surveys of displaying males are limiting in a variety of important ways such as brief detection window and male‐centric observations. Thermal technology may overcome limitations of traditional monitoring techniques by increasing detections of non‐singing woodcock, however, the efficacy of thermal imaging for detecting woodcock remains unknown. To quantify woodcock detection probability using thermal imaging, we deployed and searched for heat‐emitting woodcock mounts along transects within early‐successional habitats in central Pennsylvania during 2020. We deployed 110 woodcock mounts and successfully detected 63 (57.2%). Detection rate declined as a function of increasing vegetation density and distance from transect. Although detection probability of woodcock was imperfect, thermal cameras may provide a solution for researchers aiming to assess presence or density of woodcock when coupled with analytical methods that account for imperfect detection.
Grenzverletzungen in Lehrtherapien – Was können wir aus Beschwerden über Schweigepflichtverletzungen lernen?
Authors: Trübel Eva , Schleu Andrea , Ehlers Jan P.
Published: January 2023

Hintergrund

Während Grenzverletzungen in Psychotherapien in den letzten Jahren zunehmend in den Fokus gerückt sind, waren die Besonderheiten der Grenzverletzungen in Lehrtherapien und Lehranalysen bislang kaum Gegenstand der wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen.

Ziel

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt spezifische Kontextmerkmale einer Ausbildungssituation, die mit dem Auftreten, dem Verlauf und den Folgen von Schweigepflichtverletzungen verbunden sind.

Methode

Es werden 18 anonymisierte Beratungsdokumentationen des Ethikvereins e. V., in denen Schweigepflichtverletzungen im Rahmen einer Psychotherapie-Ausbildung beobachtet werden, qualitativ im Sinne der „Grounded-theory“-Methodologie, angelehnt an Charmaz, ausgewertet. Dazu wird die Software „MAXQDA“ (von VERBI, Berlin) benutzt.

Ergebnis

Die untersuchten Lehrtherapien hatten schädigende Auswirkungen auf die betroffenen Aus- und Weiterbildungskandidaten und -kandidatinnen (AWT). Die Variablen „Eignungszweifel“, „multiple Rollen des Lehrtherapeuten“ und „institutionelle Verleugnung der Grenzverletzung“ waren bedeutsame ausbildungsspezifische Charakteristika der untersuchten Schweigepflichtverletzungen.

Die Destruktivität der entgleisten dyadischen Beziehung wurde in den ungünstigen Verläufen durch eine Wiederholung der gestörten Beziehung zwischen AWT und dem Institut potenziert.

Schlussfolgerungen

Schweigepflichtverletzungen können schädigende Grenzverletzungen sein, die im Ausbildungskontext auf weitere Grenzverluste in der Dyade und in der Institution hinweisen können. Es werden verschiedene autonomiefördernde Maßnahmen vorgeschlagen, die Ausbildungsteilnehmende vor Grenzverletzungen besser schützen können.
Response of a Canonical Ensemble of Quantum Oscillators to a Random Metric
Authors: Haba Z.
Published: January 2023

We calculate the susceptibility of a canonical ensemble of quantum oscillators to the singular random metric. If the covariance of the metric is $$\vert \textbf{x}-\textbf{x}^{\prime }\vert ^{-4\alpha }$$

|
x
-

x
′

|

-
4
α

($$0<\alpha <\frac{1}{2}$$

0
<
α
<

1
2

)then the expansion of the partition function in powers of the temperature involves non-integer indices.
APC ameliorates idiopathic membranous nephropathy by affecting podocyte apoptosis through the ERK1/2/YB-1/PLA2R1 axis
Authors: Ke Ben , Shen Wen , Liao Yunfei , Hu Jing , Tu Weiping , Fang Xiangdong
Published: January 2023

Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) belongs to an important pathogenic category of adult nephrotic syndrome. PLA2R1 exposure is critical for triggering the pathogenesis of PLA2R1-related IMN. However, the pathogenesis of IMN and the molecular mechanism of treatment remain to be further clarified. The expression changes of activated protein C (APC) and PLA2R1 in IMN patients were quantified by qPCR. A zymosan activated serum (ZAS)-induced IMN podocyte model was established in vitro. Podocyte apoptosis was detected via flow cytometry and caspase‑3 assay. The expression levels of APC, p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, YB-1 and PLA2R1 were detected by western blotting. The regulation relationship between YB-1 and PLA2R1 was detected by dual fluorescent reporter system. In IMN patients, the expression level of PLA2R1 was increased, whereas the expression level of APC was decreased. When APC was added to podocytes in vitro, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was increased, which could promote the translocation of YB-1 to the nucleus that reduces the expression of PLA2R1 at the cellular transcriptional level, thereby inhibiting podocyte apoptosis. Our study is the first to report that APC can improve membranous nephropathy by affecting podocyte apoptosis through the ERK1/2/YB-1/PLA2R1 axis. This study will provide a new targeted therapy for IMN patients with high PLA2R1 expression.
Circuit-Specific Control of Blood Pressure by PNMT-Expressing Nucleus Tractus Solitarii Neurons
Authors: Jun Shirui , Ou Xianhong , Shi Luo , Yu Hongxiao , Deng Tianjiao , Chen Jinting , Nie Xiaojun , Hao Yinchao , Shi Yishuo , Liu Wei , Tian Yanming , Wang Sheng , Yuan Fang
Published: January 2023

The nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) is one of the morphologically and functionally defined centers that engage in the autonomic regulation of cardiovascular activity. Phenotypically-characterized NTS neurons have been implicated in the differential regulation of blood pressure (BP). Here, we investigated whether phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT)-expressing NTS (NTSPNMT) neurons contribute to the control of BP. We demonstrate that photostimulation of NTSPNMT neurons has variable effects on BP. A depressor response was produced during optogenetic stimulation of NTSPNMT neurons projecting to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, lateral parabrachial nucleus, and caudal ventrolateral medulla. Conversely, photostimulation of NTSPNMT neurons projecting to the rostral ventrolateral medulla produced a robust pressor response and bradycardia. In addition, genetic ablation of both NTSPNMT neurons and those projecting to the rostral ventrolateral medulla impaired the arterial baroreflex. Overall, we revealed the neuronal phenotype- and circuit-specific mechanisms underlying the contribution of NTSPNMT neurons to the regulation of BP.
Digitalisation for nuclear waste management: predisposal and disposal
Authors: Kolditz Olaf , Jacques Diederik , Claret Francis , Bertrand Johan , Churakov Sergey V. , Debayle Christophe , Diaconu Daniela , Fuzik Kateryna , Garcia David , Graebling Nico , Grambow Bernd , Holt Erika , Idiart Andrés , Leira Petter , Montoya Vanessa , Niederleithinger Ernst , Olin Markus , Pfingsten Wilfried , Prasianakis Nikolaos I. , Rink Karsten , Samper Javier , Szöke István , Szöke Réka , Theodon Louise , Wendling Jacques
Published: January 2023

Data science (digitalisation and artificial intelligence) became more than an important facilitator for many domains in fundamental and applied sciences as well as industry and is disrupting the way of research already to a large extent. Originally, data sciences were viewed to be well-suited, especially, for data-intensive applications such as image processing, pattern recognition, etc. In the recent past, particularly, data-driven and physics-inspired machine learning methods have been developed to an extent that they accelerate numerical simulations and became directly usable for applications related to the nuclear waste management cycle. In addition to process-based approaches for creating surrogate models, other disciplines such as virtual reality methods and high-performance computing are leveraging the potential of data sciences more and more. The present challenge is utilising the best models, input data and monitoring information to integrate multi-chemical-physical, coupled processes, multi-scale and probabilistic simulations in Digital Twins (DTw) able to mirror or predict the performance of its corresponding physical twins. Therefore, the main target of the Topical Collection is exploring how the development of DTw can benefit the development of safe, efficient solutions for the pre-disposal and disposal of radioactive waste. A particular challenge for DTw in radioactive waste management is the combination of concepts from geological modelling and underground construction which will be addressed by linking structural and multi-physics/chemistry process models to building or tunnel information models. As for technical systems, engineered structures a variety of DTw approaches already exist, the development of DTw concepts for geological systems poses a particular challenge when taking the complexities (structures and processes) and uncertainties at extremely varying time and spatial scales of subsurface environments into account.
The dark side of the cascading compliance model in global value chains
Authors: Soundararajan Vivek
Published: January 2023

In this paper, I discuss the dark side of the cascading compliance model predominantly used by multinationals to improve working conditions in global value chains. Further, I discuss the origins of such dark side. Finally, I argue for the move from cascading compliance to a shared responsibility model for the improvement of working conditions in global value chains.
Molecular characterization and comparisons of potato wart (Synchytrium endobioticum) in historic collections to recent findings in Canada and the Netherlands
Authors: van de Vossenberg Bart T.L.H. , van Gent Marga , Meffert Johan P. , Nguyen Hai D.T. , Smith Donna , van Kempen Thijn , Helderman Carin M. , Rosendahl-Peters Karin C.H.M. , Braak Naomi te , Flath Kerstin , Przetakiewicz Jarosław , Perez Willmer , Çakir Emel , Sikharulidze Zoia V. , van Leeuwen Gerard C.M. , van der Lee Theo A.J.
Published: January 2023

Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc. is a chytrid fungus causing potato wart disease and is one of the most important quarantine diseases on cultivated potato. Infected host tissues develop warts rendering the crop unmarketable. Resting spores, that can remain viable and infectious for decades, are formed in warted tissues and are released into the surrounding soil when host tissue decays.

To better understand the pathogen’s diversity and to potentially uncover pathways of migrations and introduction events, molecular characterization was performed on the historical S. endobioticum resting spore collection of the Dutch National Plant Protection Organization. Mitochondrial genomes were assembled and annotated, and four novel structural variants were identified from these materials with intronic presence-absence variation in cox1 or cob genes and structural variation in the dpoB – TIR region. Several fungal isolates were shown to contain mixtures of structural variants. We analyzed the mitogenomic sequences obtained from recent potato wart disease findings in Canada and the Netherlands in the context of the historical materials and found that fungal isolates from the new Dutch outbreak contained a specific mixture of mitogenomic variants previously not observed in the Netherlands. Based on the mitogenomic profile, pathotype 38(Nevşehir) was suspected which was later verified with the Spieckermann bioassay. To further facilitate dissemination of data and interactive visual analytics we created a public Nextstrain webpage with S. endobioticum mitogenomic sequences and associated metadata on their geographic origin, pathotype identity and (mixture) of mitogenomic variants (https://nextstrain.nrcnvwa.nl/Sendo).
Is there still evolution in the human population?
Authors: Kun Ádám
Published: January 2023

It is often claimed that humanity has stopped evolving because modern medicine erased all selection on survival. Even if that would be true, and it is not, there would be other mechanisms of evolution which could still led to changes in allelic frequencies. Here I show, by applying basic evolutionary genetics knowledge, that we expect humanity to evolve. The results from genome sequencing projects have repeatedly affirmed that there are still recent signs of selection in our genomes. I give some examples of such adaptation. Then I briefly discuss what our evolutionary future has in store for us.
Association of Estimated Pulse Wave Velocity with Abdominal Aortic Calcification: A Large Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Guo Xiaoxu , Xu Chenzhao , Li Yaqiang
Published: January 2023

Objectives

There is evidence that pulse wave velocity (PWV) can predict the occurrence of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), while the association between estimated PWV (ePWV) and AAC has not been reported, so our study aimed to analyze the association between ePWV and AAC.

Methods

The study enrolled 3140 adults between the ages of 40 and 80 who participated in the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, multivariate linear regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the association between ePWV and AAC.

Results

The ePWV was significantly higher in participants with AAC compared with those without AAC. And ePWV had a high correlation with age and AAC (correlation coefficient = 0.906 and 0.332, both P < 0.001). Individuals in high ePWV group had significantly higher percentage of AAC compared to low ePWV group (OR = 2.971, 95% CI 2.529–3.490, P < 0.001) in the crude model. After adjusting for all confounding variables, ePWV was still significantly higher (Model 3, OR = 1.962, 95% CI 1.612–2.389, P < 0.001). While after adjusting for all confounding variables plus age (Model 4), ePWV, when as a categorical variable, was no longer significantly positively associated with AAC. Additionally, the ROC curve indicated that both ePWV and age had some diagnostic value for AAC (AUC = 0.690, P < 0.001; AUC = 0.708, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

In the age range of 40–80 years, ePWV did have an association with AAC but did not have predictive power beyond age.
Converging cultures? A comparative analysis of South Korea and Sweden’s national curricula, 1980–2018
Authors: Boman Björn , Mosesson Marcus
Published: January 2023

Relating to world culture theory, this article aimed to discern similarities and differences between the South Korean national curriculum (1981, 2015) and the Swedish national curriculum (1980, 2018) and a set of complementary documents, both more broadly and with special emphasis on middle school level mathematics education. The findings suggest that the latest curricula accentuate knowledge and skills. However, Sweden’s national curriculum underlines knowledge and values, while the South Korean counterpart stresses character education and a ‘well-rounded personality’. Mathematics education has not changed much since 1980 in both countries. However, cosmopolitan tendencies are more present in the latest Korean curriculum. Overall, an unequivocal converging effect has not been discerned.
A novel molecular classification method for osteosarcoma based on tumor cell differentiation trajectories
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Ting , Gong Haiyi , Jiang Runyi , Zhou Wang , Sun Haitao , Huang Runzhi , Wang Yao , Wu Zhipeng , Xu Wei , Li Zhenxi , Huang Quan , Cai Xiaopan , Lin Zaijun , Hu Jinbo , Jia Qi , Ye Chen , Wei Haifeng , Xiao Jianru
Published: January 2023

Subclassification of tumors based on molecular features may facilitate therapeutic choice and increase the response rate of cancer patients. However, the highly complex cell origin involved in osteosarcoma (OS) limits the utility of traditional bulk RNA sequencing for OS subclassification. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) holds great promise for identifying cell heterogeneity. However, this technique has rarely been used in the study of tumor subclassification. By analyzing scRNA-seq data for six conventional OS and nine cancellous bone (CB) samples, we identified 29 clusters in OS and CB samples and discovered three differentiation trajectories from the cancer stem cell (CSC)-like subset, which allowed us to classify OS samples into three groups. The classification model was further examined using the TARGET dataset. Each subgroup of OS had different prognoses and possible drug sensitivities, and OS cells in the three differentiation branches showed distinct interactions with other clusters in the OS microenvironment. In addition, we verified the classification model through IHC staining in 138 OS samples, revealing a worse prognosis for Group B patients. Furthermore, we describe the novel transcriptional program of CSCs and highlight the activation of EZH2 in CSCs of OS. These findings provide a novel subclassification method based on scRNA-seq and shed new light on the molecular features of CSCs in OS and may serve as valuable references for precision treatment for and therapeutic development in OS.
Genomically mined acoustic reporter genes for real-time in vivo monitoring of tumors and tumor-homing bacteria
Authors: Hurt Robert C. , Buss Marjorie T. , Duan Mengtong , Wong Katie , You Mei Yi , Sawyer Daniel P. , Swift Margaret B. , Dutka Przemysław , Barturen-Larrea Pierina , Mittelstein David R. , Jin Zhiyang , Abedi Mohamad H. , Farhadi Arash , Deshpande Ramya , Shapiro Mikhail G.
Published: January 2023

Ultrasound allows imaging at a much greater depth than optical methods, but existing genetically encoded acoustic reporters for in vivo cellular imaging have been limited by poor sensitivity, specificity and in vivo expression. Here we describe two acoustic reporter genes (ARGs)—one for use in bacteria and one for use in mammalian cells—identified through a phylogenetic screen of candidate gas vesicle gene clusters from diverse bacteria and archaea that provide stronger ultrasound contrast, produce non-linear signals distinguishable from background tissue and have stable long-term expression. Compared to their first-generation counterparts, these improved bacterial and mammalian ARGs produce 9-fold and 38-fold stronger non-linear contrast, respectively. Using these new ARGs, we non-invasively imaged in situ tumor colonization and gene expression in tumor-homing therapeutic bacteria, tracked the progression of tumor gene expression and growth in a mouse model of breast cancer, and performed gene-expression-guided needle biopsies of a genetically mosaic tumor, demonstrating non-invasive access to dynamic biological processes at centimeter depth.
Heritable transgene-free genome editing in plants by grafting of wild-type shoots to transgenic donor rootstocks
Authors: Yang Lei , Machin Frank , Wang Shuangfeng , Saplaoura Eleftheria , Kragler Friedrich
Published: January 2023

Generation of stable gene-edited plant lines using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) requires a lengthy process of outcrossing to eliminate CRISPR–Cas9-associated sequences and produce transgene-free lines. We have addressed this issue by designing fusions of Cas9 and guide RNA transcripts to tRNA-like sequence motifs that move RNAs from transgenic rootstocks to grafted wild-type shoots (scions) and achieve heritable gene editing, as demonstrated in wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa. The graft-mobile gene editing system enables the production of transgene-free offspring in one generation without the need for transgene elimination, culture recovery and selection, or use of viral editing vectors. We anticipate that using graft-mobile editing systems for transgene-free plant production may be applied to a wide range of breeding programs and crop plants.
Demographic recruitment bias of adults in United States randomized clinical trials by disease categories between 2008 to 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Buffenstein Ilana , Kaneakua Bree , Taylor Emily , Matsunaga Masako , Choi So Yung , Carrazana Enrique , Viereck Jason , Liow Kore Kai , Ghaffari-Rafi Arash
Published: January 2023

To promote health equity within the United States (US), randomized clinical trials should strive for unbiased representation. Thus, there is impetus to identify demographic disparities overall and by disease category in US clinical trial recruitment, by trial phase, level of masking, and multi-center status, relative to national demographics. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov, between 01/01/2008 to 12/30/2019. Clinical trials (N = 5,388) were identified based on the following inclusion criteria: study type, location, phase, and participant age. Each clinical trial was independently screened by two researchers. Data was pooled using a random-effects model. Median proportions for gender, race, and ethnicity of each trial were compared to the 2010 US Census proportions, matched by age. A second analysis was performed comparing gender, race, and ethnicity proportions by trial phase, multi-institutional status, quality, masking, and study start year. 2977 trials met inclusion criteria (participants, n = 607,181) for data extraction. 36% of trials reported ethnicity and 53% reported race. Three trials (0.10%) included transgender participants (n = 5). Compared with 2010 US Census data, females (48.3%, 95% CI 47.2–49.3, p < 0.0001), Hispanics (11.6%, 95% CI 10.8–12.4, p < 0.0001), American Indians and Alaskan Natives (AIAN, 0.19%, 95% CI 0.15–0.23, p < 0.0001), Asians (1.27%, 95% CI 1.13–1.42, p < 0.0001), Whites (77.6%, 95% CI 76.4–78.8, p < 0.0001), and multiracial participants (0.25%, 95% CI 0.21–0.31, p < 0.0001) were under-represented, while Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (0.76%, 95% CI 0.71–0.82, p < 0.0001) and Blacks (17.0%, 95% CI 15.9–18.1, p < 0.0001) were over-represented. Inequitable representation was mirrored in analysis by phase, institutional status, quality assessment, and level of masking. Between 2008 to 2019 representation improved for only females and Hispanics. Analysis stratified by 44 disease categories (i.e., psychiatric, obstetric, neurological, etc.) exhibited significant yet varied disparities, with Asians, AIAN, and multiracial individuals the most under-represented. These results demonstrate disparities in US randomized clinical trial recruitment between 2008 to 2019, with the reporting of demographic data and representation of most minorities not having improved over time.
Effect of dialysis modalities on risk of hospitalization for gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Huang Chieh-Hsin , Chao Jo-Yen , Ling Tsai-Chieh , Wu Jia-Ling , Sung Junne-Ming , Sun Chien-Yao , Cheng Ya-Yun , Chang Yu-Tzu
Published: January 2023

Dialysis patients are at risk of both thromboembolic and bleeding events, while thromboembolism prevention and treatment may confer a risk of major bleeding. Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a great concern which can result in high subsequent mortality rates. Our object was to clarify whether hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) confer different incidence of GI bleeding, and further assist individualized decision-making on dialysis modalities. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study which included all incident dialysis patients above 18 years old derived from the National Health Insurance database from 1998 to 2013 in Taiwan. 6296 matched pairs of HD and PD patients were identified. A propensity score matching method was used to minimize the selection bias. The adjusted hazard ratio for GI bleeding was 1.13 times higher in the HD group than in the PD group, and data from the unmatched cohort and the stratified analysis led to similar results. Among subgroup analysis, we found that the use of anticoagulants will induce a much higher incidence of GI bleeding in HD patients as compared to in PD patients. We concluded that PD is associated with a lower GI bleeding risk than HD, and is especially preferred when anticoagulation is needed.