bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Back to the Basics of SARS-CoV-2 Biochemistry: Microvascular Occlusive Glycan Bindings Govern its Morbidities and Inform Therapeutic Responses. ADDENDUM
Authors: Scheim David , Parry Peter I. , Rabbolini David J. , Aldous Colleen , Yagisawa Morimasa , Clancy Robert , Borody Thomas J. , Hoy Wendy E.
Published: April 2024

Consistent with the biochemistry of coronaviruses as well established over decades, SARS-CoV-2 makes its initial attachment to host cells through the binding of its spike protein (SP) to sialylated glycans (containing the monosaccharide sialic acid) on the cell surface. The virus can then slide over and enter via ACE2. SARS-CoV-2 SP attaches particularly tightly to the trillions of red blood cells (RBCs), platelets and endothelial cells in the human body, each cell very densely coated with sialic acid surface molecules but having no ACE2 or minimal ACE2. These interlaced attachments trigger the blood cell aggregation, microvascular occlusion and vascular damage that underlie the hypox-ia, blood clotting and related morbidities of severe COVID-19. Notably, the two human betacoro-naviruses that express a sialic acid-cleaving enzyme are benign, while the other three—SARS, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS—are virulent. RBC aggregation experimentally induced in several animal species using an injected polysaccharide caused most of the same morbidities of severe COVID-19. This glycan biochemistry is key to disentangling controversies that have arisen over the efficacy of certain generic COVID-19 treatment agents and the safety of SP-based COVID-19 vaccines. More broadly, disregard for the active physiological role of RBCs yields unreliable or erroneous report-ing of pharmacokinetic parameters as routinely obtained for most drugs and other bioactive agents using detection in plasma, with whole-blood levels being up to 30-fold higher. Appreciation of the active role of RBCs can elucidate the microvascular underpinnings of other health conditions, in-cluding cardiovascular disease, and therapeutic opportunities to address them. [This preprint is an addendum to the published paper with the same title and abstract above, and it covers issues of science policy and integrity not directly related to the biochemical focus of the published paper. The formatting used in this preprint was applied to be consistent with the published paper.]
Protocol: Abortion and mental health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Littell Julia H. , Young Sarah , Pigott Terri , Biggs Antonia , Munk-Olsen Trine , Steinberg Julia
Published: April 2024

This is a peer-reviewed protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of research on mental health outcomes of abortion. Does abortion increase the risk of adverse mental health outcomes? That is the central question for this systematic review and meta-analysis. Our review aims to inform policy and practice, by locating, critically appraising, and synthesizing empirical evidence on associations between abortion and subsequent mental health outcomes. Given the controversies surrounding this topic and the complex social, political, legal, and ideological contexts in which research and reviews on abortion are conducted, it is especially important to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis with rigorous, unbiased, and transparent methods. We will include a variety of study designs to enhance understanding of studies' methodological strengths and weaknesses and to identify potential explanations for conflicting results.
An Intervention to Reshape Parental Social Media Perspectives through Common Ground
Authors: Zhang Qiyang
Published: April 2024

Parents’ increasing concern about the negative impacts of social media motivates the adoption of restrictive measures, which risks children losing out on the benefits of social media use. A balanced view of social media’s benefits and harms is essential. This study employed the theory of common ground to help parents achieve this balance. Participants (N = 160) were pre-selected US parents who think that social media is more harmful for children. To establish common ground, treatment parents viewed a video addressing the harms of social media before presenting evidence of its benefits. The control group only received the second half of the video focusing on the benefits of social media. Parents assigned to the treatment condition (N = 81) have lower perceived agency in their abilities to control their social media habits (Cohen’s d = -0.41; p = .021); significantly higher perceived fairness of the presenter of the arguments (Cohen’s d = 1.29; p < .0001); significantly higher perceived similarity with the presenter (Cohen’s d = 0.30; p = .019) as compared to parents in the control condition. This is a preliminary experiment on changing parents’ attitudes and social media mindset. Despite changing three outcomes, the experiment failed to change eight other outcomes. Future researchers could explore other theories and alternative treatments to nudge parents to adopt a more balanced social media mindset.
Phishing Emails Detection in Cyber Security
Authors: Sharma Sunil , Sharma Rahul , Sharma Mohit
Published: April 2024

As digital communication becomes increasingly integral to personal and corporate activities,phishing attacks have emerged as a prevalent threat, ingeniously mimicking legitimatesources to illicitly acquire sensitive information. This research paper details the developmentof a sophisticated phishing detection application utilizing the DistilBERT-based model, finetuned on a diverse array of email datasets. The application significantly enhances theprecision of phishing detection mechanisms, adeptly reducing the incidence of successfulphishing attacks. Initial tests have demonstrated a precision rate of over 95% in detectingphishing emails, outperforming traditional rule-based filters substantially. The applicationexhibits robust defences against zero-day phishing attacks through its advanced machinelearning framework, which dynamically adapts to emerging phishing strategies. This paperexplores the methodology of developing the DistilBERT model, evaluates its efficacy againstexisting solutions, and discusses its implications for future cybersecurity practices. Thestudy’s findings underscore the potential of AI-driven tools in transforming cybersecuritymeasures, offering a proactive approach to thwarting phishing attempts and safeguardingsensitive data.
Carbon isotope fractionation between CO2 and carbon in silicate melts at high temperature
Authors: Lee Hyun Joo , Moussallam Yves , Aubaud Cyril , Iacono-Marziano Giada , Hammond Keiji , Ebel Denton
Published: April 2024

The isotopic fractionation of carbon between CO2 gas and silicate melts is a crucial parameter to understand the carbon cycle at the planetary scale that requires accurate quantification. In this study, we conducted experiments to determine the carbon isotope fractionation between CO2 gas and carbon dissolved in silicate melt at 350-420 MPa and 1160-1225°C, across a range of melt compositions. A linear relationship emerges between the fractionation coefficient and the degree of polymerization of the melt (NBO/T; non-bridging oxygens per tetrahedral cation) with the fractionation coefficient increasing for depolymerized melts (e.g., basalt) and decreasing for polymerized melts (e.g., rhyolite): 1000lnαgas-melt=2.847×NBO/T+0.068 (R2=0.74) or 1000ln
Exploring Predictors of Facial Impressions: An Integrated Approach Utilizing VAE, Grad-CAM, and GPT-4V
Authors: Sano Takanori , Kawabata Hideaki
Published: April 2024

In recent years, the relationship between human facial features and the impressions they produce has been modelled computationally using geometric morphometrics and deep learning methods. However, appropriately labeled face image datasets often contain too few samples to train deep learning models. Additionally, predictor analyses of these models remains subjective. We combined geometric morphometrics with a variational autoencoder (VAE) to generate facial images corresponding to impressions of attractiveness, dominance, and sexual dimorphism. The resulting models can contribute to the understanding of critical facial features that are difficult to verify using psychological experiments alone. Furthermore, we combined gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) and a large language model (GPT-4V) to explain the model predictors in words. The proposed approach combining a large language model with explainable artificial intelligence (VAE for the input values; Grad-CAM) has affective engineering applications in facial editing, beautification, and makeup recommendations.
Role of MRI in the diagnosis of Actinomycosis: A Case Report
Authors: Yadav Aalok Kumar , Yadav Shreelal , Kayastha Prakash , Poudel Sharma , Regmi Pradeep Raj
Published: April 2024

Actinomycosis is caused by non-spore-forming, anaerobic, gram-positive bacteria called actinomyces. Its wide range of manifestations and non-specific symptoms cause complications by delaying diagnosis. We here present a case of a 34-year-old female with a history of recurrent discharging sinus and skin rashes in the posterior chest wall for 1 year and 6 months. Initially, it was suspected of malignancy with secondary infection. The patient was advised for MRI which shows suspicion of actinomyces. Later on, it was confirmed with a biopsy of the posterior chest wall. Here we present a case to describe the role of MRI in the diagnosis of actinomycosis.
Ekológia kultúry a ekológia prírody v románe Andreja Bitova Puškinov dom
Authors: Lizoň Martin
Published: April 2024

W artykule analizie poddano fragment powieści Andrieja Bitowa Puškinskij dom [Dom Puszkina] (rozdział Otec otca [Ojciec ojca]) jako przykład fikcyjnej narracji w obrębie dyskursu ekologicznego w literaturze rosyjskiej. Podstawę pedagogicznej interpretacji tekstu stanowi analiza literacka utworu Bitowa, którą autor artykułu poleca do wykorzystania na zajęciach/seminariach z literatury. Przedstawione w powieści Bitowa problemy ekologiczne oceniane są jako skutki zmian społecznych spowodowanych przez władzę radziecką. W powieści ukazane są analogie między ekologią środowiska naturalnego a ekologią kulturową, gdyż wspólnym mianownikiem obu jest konsumpcyjny (bezkrytyczny, wyzyskujący) stosunek do przyrody/kultury oraz (nie)świadome dążenie do likwidacji naturalnej hierarchii. Interpretację tekstu oparto na dekodowaniu jego poszczególnych elementów na poziomie intertekstualnym i metatekstowym oraz analizie wybranych elementów poetyki tekstu. Starano się zrozumieć specyfikę chronotopu wybranego fragmentu badanego tekstu i przyczyny takiego wyboru, a także zdekodować znaczenia typologii postaci.
Theme of pandemics in literature: From The Plagueby Albert Camus to Vietnamese novels in the early 21st century
Authors:   Hue University of Education, 34 Le Loi Street, Phu Hoi Ward, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam, Trang Nguyen Thuy
Published: April 2024

Since ancient times, humanity has experienced many horrifying pandemics. The anxiety about the casualties, death, and suffering of the pandemics has been boldly imprinted and reflected in literature. From 1947, Albert Camus’s warnings in the novel The Plague and the novel still have practical significance today. His prophetic insight into the absurd world of humanity has come to fruition as we face the dangerous global COVID-19 pandemic. In recent years, theme of pandemics has received more attention from writers. Some novels published in Vietnam, such as Quarantine Days (B.Q. Thang), Nalis Drifted to The Shore of Destiny(T. Ha), and Sadness is Sowing The Seeds of Kindness (I. Le), all share the same theme of a pandemic. It shows the agility and timeliness of literature in the face of life’s radiation. The article provides a comparative view of A. Camus’s The Plague with some Vietnamese novels of the early 21st century. Connecting the topic of pandemics from traditional to modern, the article focuses on pointing out the exciting and unique points between this east-west literary intersection. The pandemics of the 20th century in Camus’s The Plague and the 21st century in Vietnamese novels have exciting implications.
Analysing Shrinkflation in FMCG Industry with Special Reference to Food Packaging Industry
Authors: Milan Ram , Singh Shivangi
Published: April 2024

The behavior of customers and their purchasing decisions are greatly influenced by the food packaging sector. In recent years, the food sector has seen a phenomena known as "shrinkflation," wherein food manufacturers reduce the quantity or volume of products while keeping the same prices. worries regarding this practice's impact on the environment, especially in light of sustainability. This comprehensive investigation looks at the relationship between shrinkflation and sustainability in the food packaging industry. The study begins by examining the underlying factors that contribute to shrinkflation, including cost-cutting measures, changes in consumer preferences, and financial concerns. The study assesses how shrinkflation will affect a brand's reputation over time. The investigation delves into industry norms concerning packaging, sustainability, and regulatory frameworks, emphasizing the advantages and disadvantages that food makers face as a result. The study examines the prevalence of shrinkflation in several food categories and the reasons behind this practice by using a thorough investigation of the body of literature currently in publication, industry reports, and market data. It also examines how shrinkflation affects sustainability, with a particular emphasis on how to lower resource consumption, waste production, and carbon emissions in the food packaging supply chain. The intricate relationships between shrinkflation and sustainability in the food packaging industry are made clearer by this in-depth analysis. The ultimate goal of the paper is to encourage informed decision-making among stakeholders and increase understanding of the ramifications of shrinkflation in order to promote a more ethically and sustainably conscious food business.
Occupational Segmentation and Cohesion: Examining the Linkages
Authors: Kumar P.M.Suresh
Published: April 2024

Essentially occupation is a productive endeavor. It expresses man’s desire to pursue work to further his life. Remaining productive makes life meaningful. It earns him a return that makes it possible to care for all needs within limits it may permit. Occupation therefore is any activity that is the prime means of livelihood for which a considerable part of time is spent in a day. Ever since man began organized living, he used to engage in occupations. It has become the basis for collective life. They complement each other in functional dependence to satisfy the plethora of human needs. The occupation performed by each individual depends on their health, intellect, knowledge, skill, and attitude. Some may not be sufficiently healthy to take on arduous tasks, some may not have sufficient intellect when compared with others and hence thrive on mechanical, or routine activities, and some may not have a proper attitude at all to utilize knowledge or skill desirably. Whatever it be occupations develop functional dependence and serve to connect through their mutual interactions. It forms the basis of social cohesion. By Involving individuals in productive tasks, occupations contribute to establishing social order thereby minimizing conflict. Therefore, occupational specializations are not sources of conflict. On the contrary, they act as instruments of unity. The advent of technology has resulted in newer forms of occupational stratification leading to the formation of classes within social class. As a result, occupational attributes have substituted the key features for class composition. Classes today are occupational classes. They signify wealth, status, power, authority, and lifestyle which are the main attributes of class. This paper discusses occupational segmentation as a basis of social cohesion.
Analisa Keandalan Suplai Listrik Dampak Pemasangan Gardu Hubung dan Pecah Beban pada Jaringan Distribusi PLN UP3 Semarang Guna Meningkatkan Keandalan Sistem Kelistrikan
Authors: Ryandityo Stephanus , Setiadji Julius Sentosa , Hosea Emmy
Published: April 2024

Tingkat keandalan dari suatu sistem distribusi adalah sangat penting guna menjamin kontinuitas supply tenaga listrik kepada konsumen. Semakin meningkatnya tuntutan dan kebutuhan pelanggan terhadap suplai daya listrik di daerah Unit Layanan Pelanggan (ULP) Semarang Barat dan Kendal, menuntut PLN UP3 Semarang untuk mampu mencapai target keandalan jaringan yang telah ditetapkan oleh PT. PLN (Persero). Penilitian dilakukan di ULP Semarang Barat dan Kendal sebelum dan sesudah pembangunan gardu hubung Mangkang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan data terkait frekuensi dan durasi gangguan yang terjadi pada November tahun 2021 sampai dengan Oktober 2022, kemudian data dianalisis sehingga didapatkan keandalan jaringan distribusi tenaga listrik sebelum dan sesudah dibangunnya gardu hubung Mangkang di ULP Semarang Barat dan Kendal. Indeks keandalan sebelum pembangunan gardu hubung yang memiliki nilai rata-rata SAIDI 1,157 jam/pelanggan/tahun dan rata-rata SAIFI yakni 1,085 kali/pelanggan/tahun, sedangkan sesudah pembangunan nilai rata-rata SAIDI yaitu 0,377 jam/pelanggan/tahun dan rata-rata SAIFI 0,377 kali/pelanggan/tahun.
The Performance of Machine Learning Model Bernoulli Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine, and Logistic Regression on COVID-19 in Indonesia using Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Dirgantara Wahyu , Fairuz Iqbal Maulana  , Subairi  , Rahman Arifuddin
Published: April 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted Indonesia, necessitating a deeper understanding of public sentiment towards the crisis. This study investigates the performance of three prominent machine learning models: Bernoulli Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Logistic Regression, in analyzing sentiments related to COVID-19 in Indonesia. Utilizing a dataset comprising social media posts, the research aims to classify sentiments into positive, and negative categories, providing insights into the public's perception of the pandemic and associated measures. Sentiment analysis serves as a powerful tool to capture the collective emotions and opinions of the populace, which are pivotal in shaping public health responses and policies. The accuracy of LR and SVM is 99%, whereas Bayesian has an accuracy of 98%. We conclude that Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machine are the best model for the above dataset. This research evaluates these models' accuracy and reliability in the context of the Indonesian language, which influence sentiment interpretation. The findings of this study will contribute to the fields of natural language processing and public health by highlighting the efficacy of machine learning models in sentiment analysis during a health crisis. Moreover, the results will assist policymakers and health officials in understanding public sentiment, enabling them to tailor communication and interventions more effectively.
INTERMEDIALITY IN THE AZERBAIJANI NOVEL: NOTES ON THE TOPIC
Authors: Osmanova Malahat Nasim
Published: April 2024

The article talks about intermediality, which determines the intertextual connection, based on the imagery of different types of art. Rauf Farhadov’s “Amorphia. Overdose” and Hafiz Mirza’s novels “The End and the Beginning” are studied at the level of problems of intermediality. The mentioned novels open against the background of musical works, clarifying the mutual referentiality of literature and music. The transformation of music into words is based on bringing different languages together in intermediality. All mentioned ideas are clearly manifested in the novels “Amorphia Overdose” and “The End and the Beginning”.
RATIONALIZATION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN PUBLIC BUS TRANSPORTATION - CASE OF THE CENTER OF OUM AL-BOUGHI CITY
Authors: Gherabi Nedjla  , Ketfi Soltana  , Bousmaha Hadjer
Published: April 2024

The city of Oum El-Bouaghi has great importance due to its good and strategic location, which has given it a prominent place in the economic movement. It is considered a transit zone between the north and the south via National Road No. 10 and National Road No. 32. All these advantages can help the city to move the wheel of sustainable development forward. Public urban transportation is a vital artery in the urban system, as it plays a fundamental role in structuring the urban area and circulating daily movement with all its various activities. Accordingly, it is necessary to activate a traffic system that relies on energy conservation techniques to mitigate the problems that negatively affect the activity of individuals and hinder the functional movement of cities, in addition to other problems that are harmful to health due to air pollution. This can be done by encouraging the clean public urban transportation sector within the urban environment. On this basis, the topic of our research revolves around the rationalization of energy consumption in public transportation in the city of Oum El-Bouaghi by buses. It is a means to confront the many challenges facing the latter, such as the continuous increase in population density and the increase in the rate of daily movements, which results in many traffic problems. The phenomenon of traffic congestion is at the top of these problems, as well as the noise resulting from heavy traffic, and the excessive consumption of fuel. Therefore, it is necessary to work hard to ensure the operation of sustainable public urban transportation.
النظام القانوني لحماية المستهلك الإلكتروني الأردني في عقود التجارة الإلكترونية
Authors: العطين سلطان ابراهيم , العمارين عماد محمد , البقور كريمة جلال
Published: April 2024

الأهداف: تكمن أهمية الحماية القانونية في تأمين مصلحة المستهلك، الذي يعد الطرف الأضعف في عمليات التفاوض والتعاقد الإلكتروني. وبالتالي، يُعَدُّ توفير الحماية القانونية خلال مراحل التفاوض والتنفيذ أمرًا ذا أهمية خاصة. فقد كان للعديد من التغيرات في طريقة التجارة والتسوق أثر كبير على حماية حقوق المستهلك الأردني بطريقة مباشرة. المنهجية: ينتهج البحث المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي والمقارن من خلال تحليل النصوص القانونية المتعلقة بحماية المستهلك الإلكتروني في القانون المدني الأردني وقانون المعاملات الإلكتروني وقانون حماية المستهلك، وأحكام قانون الاونسترال النموذجي بشأن التجارة الإلكترونية. النتائج: أظهرت نتائج البحث أن القواعد القانونية التقليدية المنصوص عليها في أحكام القانون المدني وحماية المستهلك وقانون المعاملات الإلكتروني غير قادرة على توفير الحماية الكافية للمستهلك الذي يتعاقد إلكترونيًا. الخلاصة: لم ينظم المشرع الأردني عقود التجارة الإلكترونية بشكل مفصل واكتفى بالإحالة إلى أحكام القانون المدني وحماية المستهلك وقانون المعاملات الإلكتروني والتي تتناقض بشكل صارخ مع طبيعة العقود الإلكترونية التي تبرم ما بين غائبين. وتأسيسًا على ذلك، تثور مشكلة الدراسة في بيان مدى الحماية التي توفرها القواعد القانونية لحماية المستهلك الأردني المتناثرة في التشريع الأردني مع الطبيعة القانونية الخاصة التي تفرضها عقود التجارة الإلكترونية التي تتم ما بين غائبين في مواقع جغرافية مختلفة.
العمل للخدمة المجتمعية إحدى بدائل العقوبة السالبـة للحرية قصيـرة المــدة (دراسـة مقارنــة)
Authors: الشامسي محمد عبدالله بن سيفـان
Published: April 2024

الأهداف: يهدف هذا البحث إلى تحقيق الردع الخاص من خلال المعاملة العقابية الحديثة والتركيز على تأهيل المحكوم عليهم. يسعى البحث إلى استفادة من الفترة التي يفقد فيها المحكومون حريتهم من أجل تنفيذ برنامج إصلاحي يساهم في تحقيق التحول المعنوي لهم وتعزيز وعيهم بمسؤولياتهم تجاه أنفسهم والمجتمع. المنهجية: سنتبع في هذه الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وأسلوب المقارنة باستخدام المنهج الوصفي لتسليط الضوء على التشريعات وأنواع الجرائم. كذلك فإن المنهج التحليلي سيكون سبيل البحث للوصول لنتائج إثر تحليل النصوص القانونية ومقارنتها ومقاربتها بغية إيجاد بدائل نظرية وعملية تتماشى مع أهداف البحث. النتائج: توصلت الدراسة إلى أن نظام الخدمة المجتمعية يهدف إلى تحقيق الأغراض العقابية والتأهيلية والتي تشتمل على تعزيز مجموعة البدائل المقيدة للحرية والمساهمة في عملية الإصلاح والتأهيل للجاني والحد من ازدحام المؤسسات العقابية (السجون). الخلاصة: نخلص من ذلك أن العمل للخدمة المجتمعية كبديل للعقوبة السالبة للحرية قصيرة المدة يعد خير وسيلة يمكن من خلالها إصلاح المحكوم عليه بأدائها دون سلب حريته، لاسيما مع تطور الدراسات الجنائية استنادًا إلى المواثيق الدولية والدساتير المكتوبة نحو إضفاء الإنسانية على العقاب، حيث أصبح احترام الكرامة الإنسانية جزءًا من القوانين الوضعية العقابية.
Analisis User Interface Dengan Metode User Centered Design Pada Aplikasi Sukun
Authors: Pelealu Cynthia Gloria , Mukhayaroh Anna
Published: April 2024

As the times progress, technology advances so that a media or hardware device is created to communicate and search for news information such as computers, mobile phones or smartphones, and others. Then he also made a software to make it easier for us to find information and communicate. One form of software is an application. There are several kinds of applications that provide various services and features, such as game applications (games), social media applications, and other application services. But in addition to the many applications there are still many that are lacking in terms of interface, so many users find it difficult to use the application. One of them is the Sukun application. This application is used by hundreds of congregations at the Indonesian Bible Mission Fellowship Church (GPMII). But because this application is still in the development stage so there are still many shortcomings in displaying the user interface, therefore in this study the authors apply the User Centered Design (UCD) method to this application to display an increasingly better interface.
Урок як провідна дидактична одиниця структурування змісту методичної підготовки майбутніх учителів біології та основ здоровʹя в умовах змішаного навчання
Authors: Цуруль Ольга
Published: April 2024

The realities of school practice put forward new requirements for the quality of methodical training of future teachers of biology and the basics of health. A combination of various forms of organization of the educational process, transitional stage of implementation of model training programs, completion of studies according to the State Standard of basic and full general secondary education are the main ones. Updating the content of methodical training, its structuring and design are the important conditions for ensuring high quality.This study aimed to investigate the features of structuring the content of methodical training of future teachers of biology and the basics of health in the conditions of blended learning. Research methods were used: a comprehensive analysis of scientific and methodological sources, an analysis of the school practice of teaching biology and the practice of training future teachers of biology and the basics of health in higher education institutions, synthesis, comparison, abstraction. This structuring is based on the select of the leading didactic unit – the lesson. Analysis of the experience of training future teachers makes it possible to state that the use of blended learning technologies is developing both in the process of professional and methodical training. The main task of the teacher in blended learning is methodical design of the educational component as a result of action and experience gained during its mastery.The select of didactic units of content structuring and further design of the methodical training process are the basic theoretical basis for the development of a modern system of methodical training of future teachers of biology and the basics of health. Methodical skills in designing and conducting lessons are main skills of a teacher. In our opinion, the leading didactic unit of structuring is the lesson as the main form of teaching biology. The peculiarities of structuring the content of laboratory classes on the methodology of teaching biology and human health in the conditions of blended learning were described.
Використання хімічного експерименту при формуванні хімічних знань у підготовці майбутніх учителів трудового навчання та технологій
Authors: Безносюк Наталія
Published: April 2024

Мета статті полягає в обґрунтуванні використання хімічного експерименту при формуванні хімічних знань у майбутніх учителів трудового навчання та технологій під час вивчення навчальної дисципліни «Хімія (за професійним спрямуванням)», адже хімічний експеримент є ефективним методом і засобом формування усвідомлених знань та практичних умінь, сприяє розвитку інтересу і мотивації студентів до вивчення хімії, як непрофільної дисципліни.Використано загальнонаукові (теоретичні та емпіричні) методи: аналіз методичної та педагогічної літератури, системно-структурний аналіз для встановлення міжпредметних зв’язків, виділення хімічної складової професійної підготовки майбутніх учителів трудового навчання та технологій.У ході виконання дослідження проведено порівняльний аналіз різних видів хімічного експерименту та визначено його основні завдання в навчально- виховному процесі. Провідними дидактичними принципами побудови змісту хімічного експерименту є професійне спрямування та інтегрування із фаховими дисциплінами. З метою реалізації професійно орієнтованого навчання хімії майбутніх учителів трудового навчання та технологій застосовували хімічний експеримент під час проведення лекційних та лабораторних занять. Встановлено, що лекційний хімічний експеримент виступає важливим чинником формування позитивної мотивації в студентів до вивчення хімії та підвищує їх когнітивний рівень, а хімічний експеримент, який включався до лабораторних занять, забезпечує експериментальне підтвердження сутності теоретичних положень, встановлення властивостей речовин, їх кількісну та якісну характеристику.Для забезпечення дидактичних цілей хімічного експерименту, який демонструє хімічні властивості та одержання речовин, що вивчаються, запропоновано використання професійно орієнтованих завдань, що були розроблені в результаті узгодження змісту і структури навчальної дисципліни «Хімія (за професійним спрямуванням)» з дисциплінами циклу професійної та практичної підготовки.
DREAMS MADE SMALL
Authors: Munro Jenny
Published: April 2024

For the last five decades, the Dani of the central highlands of West Papua, along with other Papuans, have struggled with the oppressive conditions of Indonesian rule. Formal education holds the promise of escape from stigmatization and violence. Dreams Made Small offers an in-depth, ethnographic look at journeys of education among young Dani men and women, asking us to think differently about education as a trajectory for transformation and belonging, and ultimately revealing how dreams of equality are shaped and reshaped in the face of multiple constraints.
UNEARTHING THE PAST TO FORGE THE FUTURE
Authors: Wolffhardt Tobias
Published: April 2024

For much of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the British East India Company consolidated its rule over India, evolving from a trading venture to a colonial administrative force. Yet its territorial gains far outpaced its understanding of the region and the people who lived there, and its desperate efforts to gain knowledge of the area led to the 1815 appointment of army officer Colin Mackenzie as the first Surveyor General of India. This volume carefully reconstructs the life and career of Mackenzie, showing how the massive survey of India that he undertook became one of the most spectacular and wide-ranging knowledge production initiatives in British colonial history.
THE VOICE OF PROPHECY
Authors: Ardener Edwin
Published: April 2024

Edwin Ardener - a new expanded edition of the collected works of one of the most important social anthroplogists in Britian of his time. Ardener worked on social, economic, demographic and political problems, and was particularly influential in his sustained effort to bring together social anthropology and linguistics in a highly original attempt to reconcile scientific and humanistic approaches to the study of society. This volume offers a theoretically and conceptually coherent body of work by this innovative and profound thinker, which will continue to excite and stimulate new generations of students and researchers as it has in the past.
THE SOUTHEAST ASIA CONNECTION
Authors: Chew Sing C.
Published: April 2024

The contribution of Southeast Asia to the world economy (during the late prehistoric and early historic periods) has not received much attention. It has often been viewed as a region of peripheral entrepôts, especially in the early centuries of the current era. Recent archaeological evidence revealed the existence of established and productive polities in Southeast Asia in the early parts of the historic period and earlier. This book recalibrates these interactions of Southeast Asia with other parts of the world economy, and gives the region its due instead of treating it as little more than of marginal interest.
ARCHAEOGAMING
Authors: Reinhard Andrew
Published: April 2024

Video games exemplify contemporary material objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture. Video games also serve as archaeological sites in the traditional sense as a place, in which evidence of past activity is preserved and has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology, and which represents a part of the archaeological record.
FRONTIERS OF CIVIL SOCIETY
Authors: Mikuš Marek
Published: April 2024

In Serbia, as elsewhere in postsocialist Europe, the rise of “civil society” was expected to support a smooth transformation to Western models of liberal democracy and capitalism. More than twenty years after the Yugoslav wars, these expectations appear largely unmet. Frontiers of Civil Society asks why, exploring the roles of multiple civil society forces in a set of government “reforms” of society and individuals in the early 2010s, and examining them in the broader context of social struggles over neoliberal restructuring and transnational integration.
Industry payments to academic neurosurgeons in 2021: an open payments cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Debs Luca H. , Mansouri Seena , Ledford W. Luke , Woodall William , Vale Fernando L.
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE

The Open Payments Program (OPP) was a database started in 2013 by the US government to report payments made by the medical device and pharmaceutical industry to physicians. Neurosurgery is a technologically advanced field that relies heavily on the latest innovations for complex treatment of its patient population. This study sought to explore the financial relationship between academic neurosurgeons and the industry.

METHODS

OPP data were reviewed for the year 2021 of all faculty neurosurgeons affiliated with a neurosurgery residency program. Trends related to general payments, research payments, associated research funding, ownership and investment interest, name of the companies making payments, monetary amount of payments per company, and number of payments per company were analyzed.

RESULTS

Industry payments to 1151 US academic neurosurgeons were reviewed. These neurosurgeons received $121.4 million in payments. Three hundred thirty-two companies made 18,466 payments. The average payment per neurosurgeon was approximately six-fold higher than that of all other physicians. Vascular and spine subspecialties received the highest payments. A higher proportion of research money was allocated to the Pacific division, while all other categories (including total amount) were higher in the Eastern US. Most financial contributions were made by a small number of companies.

CONCLUSIONS

Neurosurgery has been rated by many as a field fueled by research, innovation, and technology. In 2021, academic neurosurgeons had a strong relationship with the medical device and pharmaceutical industry as reflected in the OPP data. While the true impact on patient care cannot be directly measured, the advancement of the field relies heavily on these collaborations.
Bilateral spheno-orbital meningiomas: surgical management, progression, and recurrence
Authors: Planty-Bonjour Alexia , Terrier Louis-Marie , Cognacq Gabrielle , Aggad Mourad , Bernard Florian , Lopez Camille , Tabourel Gaston , Dannhoff Guillaume , Bako Frederic , Kerdiles Gaëlle , Francois Patrick , Amelot Aymeric
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE

Bilateral spheno-orbital meningiomas (bSOMs) are a rare entity among meningiomas. These tumors are benign and predominantly affect women. They represent 4% of spheno-orbital meningiomas (SOMs) and are poorly described in the literature. This study aimed to describe the characteristics, risk factors, evolution, and management of bSOMs.

METHODS

Twenty patients with bSOMs were enrolled in a multicentric descriptive study including 15 neurosurgical departments.

RESULTS

In this study, the authors found that bSOMs affected exclusively women, with a mean age of 50 years. Approximately 65% of patients were on progestin therapy. The mean follow-up in this series was 55 months. Clinically, visual symptoms were predominant: proptosis was present in 17 of 20 patients (85%; 7 unilateral, 10 bilateral), and a decrease in visual acuity was observed in 11 of 20 patients (55%; 6/10 to 9/10 in 6 patients, 3/10 to 5/10 in 1 patient, and < 3/10 in 4 patients). Contrary to unilateral SOMs, the authors identified that intracranial hypertension was a common presentation (25%) of bSOMs. Surgical management with gross-total resection was the gold standard treatment. Recurrences only occurred following subtotal resection in 36% to 60% of patients, with a median time of 50 to 54 months after surgery. Visual improvement or stability was observed in 75% of cases postoperatively. Progesterone receptor expression levels were 70% to 100% in 10 of 11 (91%) cases.

CONCLUSIONS

Bilateral SOMs are usually found in female patients and are strongly associated with hormone replacement therapy. Early surgical management with gross-total resection is the most effective treatment in terms of recurrence and improves visual acuity. Given the slow progressive nature of bSOMs and their time to recurrence, which can be up to 10 years, long-term follow-up of patients is essential.
Improvement of diffusion tensor imaging–based tractography by free-water correction in nonedematous gliomas: assessment with brain mapping
Authors: Almairac Fabien , Parker Drew , Mondot Lydiane , Isan Petru , Onno Marie , Papadopoulo Théodore , Fontaine Denys , Verma Ragini
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE

The free-water correction algorithm (Freewater Estimator Using Interpolated Initialization [FERNET]) can be applied to standard diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography to improve visualization of subcortical bundles in the peritumoral area of highly edematous brain tumors. Interest in its use for presurgical planning in purely infiltrative gliomas without peritumoral edema has never been evaluated. Using subcortical maps obtained with direct electrostimulation (DES) in awake surgery as a reference standard, the authors sought to 1) assess the accuracy of preoperative DTI-based tractography with FERNET in a series of nonedematous glioma patients, and 2) determine its potential usefulness in presurgical planning.

METHODS

Based on DES-induced functional disturbances and tumor topography, the authors retrospectively reconstructed the putatively stimulated bundles and the peritumoral tracts of interest (various associative and projection pathways) of 12 patients. The tractography data obtained with and without FERNET were compared.

RESULTS

The authors identified 21 putative tracts from 24 stimulation sites and reconstituted 49 tracts of interest. The number of streamlines of the putative tracts crossing the DES area was 26.8% higher (96.04 vs 75.75, p = 0.016) and their volume 20.4% higher (13.99 cm3 vs 11.62 cm3, p < 0.0001) with FERNET than with standard DTI. Additionally, the volume of the tracts of interest was 22.1% higher (9.69 cm3 vs 7.93 cm3, p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

Free-water correction significantly increased the anatomical plausibility of the stimulated fascicles and the volume of tracts of interest in the peritumoral area of purely infiltrative nonedematous gliomas. Because of the functional importance of the peritumoral zone, applying FERNET to DTI could have potential implications on surgical planning and the safety of glioma resection.
Assessing consequences of global trade wars for world economies: Tools and forecasts
Authors: Машкова А.Л. , Бахтизин А.Р.
Published: April 2024

В условиях нарастающего напряжения в мировой политике и введения торговых барьеров актуальной задачей становится разработка новых инструментов для оценки их последствий. В данной работе представлена агент-ориентированная модель торговых войн, описывающая взаимодействие организаций в различных странах, созданная на основе детализированной статистики по отраслям. В процессе динамического моделирования воспроизводятся изменения в выпуске и поставках организаций под действием торговых ограничений. Представлены результаты расчетов на разработанной модели и сравнение прогнозов различных модельных комплексов с реальными последствиями торговых войн между США и Китаем в 2018 г., блока западных стран против России в 2022 г. В рамках расчетов были рассмотрены четыре сценария: 1) базовый, 2) новые ограничения между США и Китаем, 3) более серьезные санкции против Китая и России со стороны ЕС и США, 4) глобальная торговая война. Во втором сценарии отклонение ВВП США и Китая от базового прогноза не превосходит 0,5%. В третьем сценарии число вовлеченных стран увеличивается и падение ВВП в них относительно базового прогноза ожидается на уровне 0,7–1,0%. В четвертом сценарии вся мировая экономика испытывает серьезное замедление. С наиболее тяжелыми последствиями сталкивается Евросоюз, и экономики этих стран уходят в рецессию.

In the context of growing global political tension and establishing the world trade barriers, the urgent task is to develop the new tools for assessing their consequences. In this paper we present the agent-based model of trade wars, considering organizations in different countries generated using initial statistical data of the countries’ industries. Simulation determines changes in output and supplies of organizations under trade restrictions. Results of calculations on the developed model and comparison of various model complexes’ forecasts with real consequences of trade wars between the USA and China in 2018 and Western countries against Russia in 2022 are presented. Four scenarios were considered: (1) baseline, (2) new mutual restrictions between China and the USA, (3) more serious sanctions against China and Russia by the USA and the EU, (4) global trade war. In the second scenario deviation GDP of the USA and China from the baseline scenario does not exceed 0.5%. In the third scenario, the number of countries involved is expanding, and the fall in their GDP is expected at the level of 0.7–1.0%. In the fourth scenario, the entire world economy experiences a serious slowdown, and the EU countries are facing the most severe consequences, going into recession.
Будет ли самый быстрый последним? Стратегический выбор очередности спортсменов в эстафетах
Authors: Avkhimovich N.S.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we analyse the strategic order of athletes in sports relays. It is generally believed that the strongest athlete should perform the last. In sports, ‘choking under pressure’ is a major phenomenon that manifests in athletes’ performance decrement when faced the stressful conditions. We focus on the pressure the athletes experience when their team is lagging behind the competitor in accuracy-based relays. In theoretical models, we found that choking under pressure has an impact on strategic decisions on team formation when teams consist of players with differentiated skills. Without ‘choking under pressure’, teams are indifferent to athletes’ order. If all athletes experience the same magnitude of performance decrements, the strictly dominant strategy is: a stronger athlete starts and a weaker athlete finishes the race. For the case of differentiated performance decrements, we find the optimal strategy as a function of those decrements. The conventional wisdom strategy “Weaker to start, stronger to finish” is strictly dominant only when the resilience of a strong player is high enough and the performance decrement is much lower than a weak player’s.

В данной работе рассматривается стратегический выбор очередности спортсменов в эстафетных гонках. Считается, что самый сильный участник должен выступать на заключительном этапе гонки. В спорте эффект "choking under pressure" (например, когда в эстафетных гонках соперник «дышит в спину») приводит к снижению продуктивности атлета в стрессовых условиях — например, когда спортсмен отстает от соперника. С помощью теоретических моделей мы обнаружили, что эффект "choking under pressure" влияет на стратегический выбор очередности спортсменов с различным уровнем навыков. Например, без эффекта "choking under pressure" команда безразлична к очередности спортсменов. Если у всех игроков наблюдается одинаковое снижение производительности под давлением, то строго доминирующей стратегией будет последовательность «сильный – слабый», когда более сильный спортсмен начинает гонку, а более слабый заканчивает. В случае дифференцированных параметров снижения производительности спортсменов под давлением мы определяем оптимальную стратегию команд как функцию этих параметров. Распространенная стратегия «слабый – сильный» является строго доминирующей только в тех случаях, когда стрессоустойчивость сильного игрока выше, чем стрессоустойчивость слабого игрока.
Stochastic Simulation and Development of the Ground Motion Prediction Equation for the Baikal Rift Zone
Authors: Pavlenko V. A. , Pavlenko O. V.
Published: April 2024

To obtain realistic and correct estimates of seismic effects in the Baikal Rift Zone (BRZ), a ground motion prediction equation has been developed based on the records of local earthquakes (magnitudes mb ~ 3.4–5.5, hypocentral distances R ~ 15–220 km) obtained by Ulan-Ude and Severomuisk seismic stations. At the first step, in our previous works, using stochastic simulation of the accelerograms of the recorded local earthquakes we estimated the regional parameters of radiation and propagation of seismic waves (stress drop in an earthquake source, quality function of the medium, geometrical spreading, wave attenuation at high frequencies, local site amplification, etc. These parameters were then used to generate a set of earthquake accelerograms over a wide range of magnitudes (Mw ~ 4.0–8.0) and distances (R ~ 1–200 km) on a rock site, and a ground motion prediction equation (GMPE) describing the dependence of peak ground accelerations (PGA) and peak ground velocities (PGV) on magnitude and distance are constructed. The obtained PGA estimates are compared with those estimated from GMPE recommended for BRZ by the international Global Earthquake Model (GEM) project. The scatter of the estimates obtained based on GEM GMPE indicates the relevance of developing the own GMPEs for Russian regions based on the records of local earthquakes. The GMPE derived in this work can be used for seismic hazard assessment in the BRZ eastern part and will be updated as new data are acquired.
Gravitational Instability in the Earth's Viscoelastic Crust
Authors: Birger B. I.
Published: April 2024

This paper studies instability of a heavy inclusion in the Earth's upper layers by the linear theory method for small perturbations. The existence of such inclusions with increased density is associated with chemical inhomogeneity or phase transitions. The viscoelasticity of the geomaterial is described by the Maxwell rheological model. Two layouts of the inclusion with increased density are considered. The heavy inclusion in the cold upper elastic layer of the crust does not change its location under small perturbations, i.e., it is stable according to the linear theory. The heavy inclusion which is located in the hot viscous crustal layer underlying the upper cold layer, is unstable (slowly sinking into the underlying viscous mantle layers).