bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
It Takes a Whole School: An Introduction
Authors: Wals Arjen E. J. , Eikeland Ingrid , Bjønness Birgitte , Sinnes Astrid
Published: June 2024

For the last 40–50 years researchers and policymakers have been writing alarming texts pointing at the dismal state people and the entire planet Earth are in. Since then, a growing group of environmental and science educators have worked tirelessly and determinedly towards promoting an education that engages young people in environmental issues, connect them to nature and the outdoors, and even make them more ‘action competent’. Still, arguably, not much progress has been made in developing a more sustainable world. By and large, education has not yet found a way to enrich, engage and empower young people. Rather than optimizing conventional ways of teaching and learning by adding on or even integrating sustainability related topics, this book explores an integrated Whole School Approach as a potentially deep and meaningful response from education to help young people in addressing the grand sustainability challenges of our time. This opening chapter provides an introduction to the book.
Piloting a Self-Assessment Tool for a Whole School Approach to Sustainability in Mongolia
Authors: Shinetsetseg Erdenebayar , Battsetseg Genendorj , Oyuntungalag Orsoo , Temuujin Lundaajantsan , Goswami Mita Nangia
Published: June 2024

This chapter attempts to demonstrate to the readers how Mongolian schools have been introduced to the concept of the Whole School Approach under Education for Sustainable Development pillars within the framework of the financial assistance from the donor-funded project on ESD promotion.

It presents the lessons learned and challenges encountered in this pilot program, which may interest the further strengthening of this approach in school management and planning.
Students’ Deliberation on ‘Greening’ the School’s Energy Supply: A Case Discussed from a Whole School Approach Perspective
Authors: Mathisen Øyvind , Johansen Gerd
Published: June 2024

Deliberative communication can be one way of creating a school culture that supports WSA for sustainability. This chapter is based on a design-based research project that investigates students’ deliberative communication when they work with an inquiry project. The project aimed at enabling ‘green transitions’ by inquiring the school’s energy system and thus strengthening the students’ technology awareness. While handling technology as part of education for sustainable development (ESD), the students are given the opportunity to deliberate through argumentation, listening to and respecting each other as well as reaching consensus about energy technology. The student groups were given a commission by the county municipality to make the school more sustainable regarding energy sources and energy use. The students handed in their proposals to the headmaster. We argue that deliberative communication initiated by inquiry projects concerning technology that focuses on ‘green transitions’ plays a part in supporting schools to become more sustainable.
Exploring a Whole-School Approach at Nonformal Folk High Schools in Norway Through Common Goals and Action Learning
Authors: Phuthi Brita
Published: June 2024

Over the last 9 years, the Norwegian Folk High Schools (FHSs) have engaged in implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through common projects focusing on the school’s operation and teaching. This chapter critically analyses and reflects on two collective FHS initiatives the FHSs have engaged in. To consider the challenges and opportunities of the schools’ sustainability processes, a Whole-School Approach (WSA) flower model by Wals and Mathie (Whole School responses to climate urgency and related sustainability challenges. In: Peters MA, Heraud R (eds) Encyclopedia of educational innovation. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2262-4_263-1, 2022) is employed as an analytical lens. The chapter finds that the FHS pedagogy engages with all six elements of the flower model and when the FHS pedagogy is practiced, it provides living examples of learning sites practicing a WSA to sustainability. The FHSs participating in joint sustainability initiatives, seeing that neighboring schools also make changes, reinforce that the community and common goals of the FHSs matter. The chapter concludes that the FHSs WSA to learning is an ongoing process, involving dialogue and fostering democratic confidence.
A Whole-School Approach to Building Communities of Practice of ESD: A Case Study of Two Japanese High Schools
Authors: Shibakawa Hiroko
Published: June 2024

The study aims to elucidate the structure and requirements of educational strategies that foster Communities of Practice (CoP) for Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). It examines two Japanese high schools that are implementing ESD through a ‘Period of Integrated Studies’. Both schools are located in depopulating mountain areas and are facing closure due to youth migration. High School A redesigned its learning project to prioritise ESD, while High School B initiated ESD as a volunteer project by teachers and introduced an original ‘environment’ subject. The study analyses the transformation of their practices and CoP formations. It highlights the challenges: maintaining the transformative aspect of ESD, adapting to uncertainty, fostering critical perspectives, involving stakeholders and maintaining a consistent approach. Despite the difficulties of local-global linkages, a different perception of practice ‘failure’ proves to be significant. In this chapter, requirements for the establishment of CoPs were outlined, emphasising the interconnectedness of formal, non-formal and information education in a Whole-School Approaches to ESD.
Inferences from Statistics to Causation
Authors: Johansson Lars-Göran , Banitz Thomas , Grimm Volker , Hertz Tilman , Lindkvist Emilie , Martínez Peña Rodrigo , Radosavljevic Sonja , Ylikoski Petri , Schlüter Maja
Published: June 2024

Empirical results often consist of data organised as values of variables.The first question is whether an observed correlation is evidence enough for a correlation in the entire population. If the answer is yes, the next question is whether this correlation reflects a causal connection or not. That need not be the case, there might be a common cause. The main points of this chapter are:

A correlation in an observed sample may not reflect any correlation in the entire population.

There are three possible explanations for a correlation in a population: variable X is one cause of Y, or vice versa, or they have a common cause.

The most reliable way to decide which is the case is to perform experiments.

If experiments are impossible one can sometimes infer a causal relation from a natural experiment.
Causation in Social-Ecological Systems Research
Authors: Johansson Lars-Göran , Banitz Thomas , Grimm Volker , Hertz Tilman , Lindkvist Emilie , Martínez Peña Rodrigo , Radosavljevic Sonja , Ylikoski Petri , Schlüter Maja
Published: June 2024

The book has so far introduced fundamental ideas about causation, i.e., the relation between cause and effect, from philosophy, particularly those ideas that underlie studies of causation based on quantitative data and statistical methods of causal inference (Chaps. 1–7). Knowledge of these concepts, ideas and associated methods is essential as they are often used in sustainability science studies rooted in the natural sciences, economics and other quantitative social sciences. The book has also introduced the notions of causal explanation and causal mechanisms, which are used more broadly in both quantitative and qualitative studies to explain how a cause brings about an effect (Chap. 8). In this last chapter we want to reflect on causal reasoning from a broader angle, to illustrate the diversity of ways in which sustainability researchers reason about causation, and to highlight the many instances within a research process in which researchers engage in causal reasoning.
Hagedorn temperature from the thermal scalar in AdS and pp-wave backgrounds
Authors: Harmark Troels
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We propose a thermal scalar equation of motion (EOM) that takes into account curvature corrections for backgrounds supported by Ramond-Ramond fluxes. This can be used to obtain the Hagedorn temperature for type II string theory on AdS and pp-wave backgrounds. For Ramond-Ramond flux supported pp-waves we show that the proposed thermal scalar EOM reproduces the leading curvature correction in the Hagedorn temperature equation obtained from the type II string theory spectrum. Furthermore, we use the thermal scalar EOM to obtain curvature corrections to the Hagedorn temperature for the AdS5 × S5 and AdS4 × ℂP3 backgrounds. These corrections match with strong coupling results of the integrable dual field theories, recently obtained by the Quantum Spectral Curve technique.
Coupling of branes and twisted self-duality in the Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory
Authors: Malcha Hannes
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We study three approaches to electric-magnetic duality in the 4-dimensional Maxwell theory coupled to a dyonic point charge and in the 5-dimensional Maxwell-Chern-Simons (MCS) theory coupled to an electric point charge and a magnetic string charge. The three approaches have been developed by Dirac, Bunster and Henneaux, and Pasti, Sorokin and Tonin (PST). In Dirac’s formulation, the electric magnetic duality is realized only on the level of the equations of motion. The other two formulations introduce a dual (magnetic) gauge potential to induce manifest twisted self-duality in the action. In particular, we study the relations connecting the three approaches. The main results of this paper are the Bunster-Henneaux and PST formulations of the MCS theory with sources. We compare our result to the PST formulation of 11-dimensional supergravity coupled to the M2- and M5-brane by Bandos, Berkovits, and Sorokin.
Quark production and thermalization of the quark-gluon plasma
Authors: Barrera Cabodevila Sergio , Salgado Carlos A. , Wu Bin
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We first assemble a full set of the Boltzmann Equation in Diffusion Approximation (BEDA) for studying thermalization/hydrodynamization as well as the production of massless quarks and antiquarks in out of equilibrium systems. In the BEDA, the time evolution of a generic system is characterized by the following space-time dependent quantities: the jet quenching parameter, the effective temperature, and two more for each quark flavor that describe the conversion between gluons and quarks/antiquarks via the 2 ↔ 2 processes. Out of the latter two quantities, an effective net quark chemical potential is defined, which equals the net quark chemical potential after thermal equilibration. We then study thermalization and the production of three flavors of massless quarks and antiquarks in spatially homogeneous systems initially filled only with gluons. A parametric understanding of thermalization and quark production is obtained for either initially very dense or dilute systems, which are complemented by detailed numerical simulations for intermediate values of initial gluon occupancy f0. For a wide range of f0, the final equilibration time is determined to be about one order of magnitude longer than that in the corresponding pure gluon systems. Moreover, during the final stage of the thermalization process for f0 ≥ 10−4, gluons are found to thermalize earlier than quarks and antiquarks, undergoing the top-down thermalization.
A Quantum Harmonic Analysis Approach to Segal Algebras
Authors: Berge Eirik , Berge Stine Marie , Fulsche Robert
Published: June 2024

In this article, we study a commutative Banach algebra structure on the space $$L^1(\mathbb {R}^{2n})\oplus {\mathcal {T}}^1$$

L
1

(

R

2
n

)

⊕

T

1

, where the $${\mathcal {T}}^1$$

T

1

denotes the trace class operators on $$L^2(\mathbb {R}^{n})$$

L
2

(

R

n

)

. The product of this space is given by the convolutions in quantum harmonic analysis. Towards this goal, we study the closed ideals of this space, and in particular its Gelfand theory. We additionally develop the concept of quantum Segal algebras as an analogue of Segal algebras. We prove that many of the properties of Segal algebras have transfers to quantum Segal algebras. However, it should be noted that in contrast to Segal algebras, quantum Segal algebras are not ideals of the ambient space. We also give examples of different constructions that yield quantum Segal algebras.
Fujita exponent for non-local parabolic equation involving the Hardy–Leray potential
Authors: Abdellaoui Boumediene , Siclari Giovanni , Primo Ana
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we analyse the existence and non-existence of non-negative solutions to a non-local parabolic equation with a Hardy–Leray-type potential. More precisely, we consider the problem $$\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} (w_t-\Delta w)^s=\frac{\lambda }{|x|^{2s}} w+w^p +f, &{}\quad \text {in }\mathbb {R}^N\times (0,+\infty ),\\ w(x,t)=0, &{}\quad \text {in }\mathbb {R}^N\times (-\infty ,0], \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$

(

w
t

-
Δ
w
)

s

=

λ

|
x
|

2
s

w
+

w
p

+
f
,

in

R

N

×

(
0
,
+
∞
)

,

w
(
x
,
t
)
=
0
,

in

R

N

×

(
-
∞
,
0
]

,

where $$N> 2s$$

N
>
2
s

, $$0<s<1$$

0
<
s
<
1

and $$0<\lambda <\Lambda _{N,s}$$

0
<
λ
<

Λ

N
,
s

, the optimal constant in the fractional Hardy–Leray inequality. In particular, we show the existence of a critical existence exponent $$p_{+}(\lambda , s)$$

p
+

(
λ
,
s
)

and of a Fujita-type exponent $$F(\lambda ,s)$$

F
(
λ
,
s
)

such that the following holds:

Let $$p>p_+(\lambda ,s)$$

p
>

p
+

(
λ
,
s
)

. Then there are not any non-negative supersolutions.

Let $$p<p_+(\lambda ,s)$$

p
<

p
+

(
λ
,
s
)

. Then there exist local solutions, while concerning global solutions we need to distinguish two cases:

Let $$ 1< p\le F(\lambda ,s)$$

1
<
p
≤
F
(
λ
,
s
)

. Here we show that a weighted norm of any positive solution blows up in finite time.

Let $$F(\lambda ,s)<p<p_+(\lambda ,s)$$

F

(
λ
,
s
)

<
p
<

p
+

(
λ
,
s
)

. Here we prove the existence of global solutions under suitable hypotheses.
Hyperglycaemic crises in adults with diabetes: a consensus report
Authors: Umpierrez Guillermo E. , Davis Georgia M. , ElSayed Nuha A. , Fadini Gian Paolo , Galindo Rodolfo J. , Hirsch Irl B. , Klonoff David C. , McCoy Rozalina G. , Misra Shivani , Gabbay Robert A. , Bannuru Raveendhara R. , Dhatariya Ketan K.
Published: June 2024

The American Diabetes Association (ADA), European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care (JBDS), American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) and Diabetes Technology Society (DTS) convened a panel of internists and diabetologists to update the ADA consensus statement on hyperglycaemic crises in adults with diabetes, published in 2001 and last updated in 2009. The objective of this consensus report is to provide up-to-date knowledge about the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) in adults. A systematic examination of publications since 2009 informed new recommendations. The target audience is the full spectrum of diabetes healthcare professionals and individuals with diabetes.
Three-dimensional characterization of abrasive chips using micro-computed tomography
Authors: Fang Shiqi , Fell Jonas , Frank Alexander , Guo Yuebin , Herrmann Hans-Georg , Bähre Dirk
Published: June 2024

Chip formation is considered one important indicator to evaluate machining processes. In particular, geometric features of chips may provide important insights for the assessment of machining stability and productivity. In fixed-abrasive machining processes, such as grinding and honing, chips are simultaneously produced by many of the geometrically undefined cutting edges. Despite being “undefined,” geometric features of abrasive grains can still be statistically characterized or described. Accordingly, it can be assumed that, under stable machining conditions, the geometric features of abrasive chips may also conform to certain statistical patterns. However, statistical characterization of abrasive chips can be very challenging due to their large quantity, irregular shapes, minuscule size, and sometimes tangled condition. In this study, an analysis method combining metallographic preparation and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) has been developed to characterize abrasive chips produced by a honing stone. The results regarding the geometric characteristics of the obtained massive abrasive chips, i.e., their sizes and shapes, were presented and statistically described. It was found most chips had a size around 50 µm and the shape being a slightly elongated and curved cone. Most of the geometric features could meet a positive skewness distribution.
Energy calculations for sodium vs. potassium on a prokaryotic voltage-gated sodium channel: a quantum-chemical study
Authors: Ferrer Juan , San-Fabián Emilio
Published: June 2024

The selectivity of the sodium channel has been the subject of numerous experimental and theoretical studies. In this work, this problem is approached from a theoretical point of view based on a model built from the Selective Filter (SF) of the open structure of the voltage-activated channel of the bacterium Magnetococcus marinus. This approach has allowed us to calculate the interaction energies of the system (cation-water-SF-fragment), both for the sodium cation and the potassium cation. The results have highlighted the importance of differential dehydration of cations, as well as the environment where it occurs. Semi-empirical and ab initio methods have been applied to analyze and quantify the interaction energies when the cations are in the SF of the sodium channel, with the DFT (ab initio) methods giving us the key to the distribution of the interaction energies and therefore how dehydration occurs.
Mass spectrometry coupling of chip-based supercritical fluid chromatography enabled by make-up flow-assisted backpressure regulation
Authors: Weise Chris , Fischer Johannes , Belder Detlev
Published: June 2024

This work introduces a novel microfluidic backpressure pressure control developed for chip-based supercritical fluid chromatography (chipSFC). The presented on-chip pressure control mechanism involves the post-column addition of a viscous make-up stream, which enables pressure regulation within the range of 73 to 130 bar range. In contrast to approaches using mechanical backpressure regulators, this chip-based make-up-assisted pressure regulation offers a wear-free alternative that functions entirely through fluidic means and contributes minimally to extra column volume. It prevents phase separation of the supercritical mobile phase and, therefore, expands the analytical scope of chipSFC to detection systems with an ambient pressure interface. This was demonstrated by a proof-of-principle experiment, where a model mixture was separated within 30 s and detected using atmospheric pressure ionisation mass spectrometry.

Graphical abstract
A case of severe anaphylactic reaction after administration of diagnostic-dose ferumoxytol in a pediatric patient
Authors: Ekladious Fam , Saul David
Published: June 2024

We describe a case of anaphylaxis during administration of intravenous (IV) ferumoxytol as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent in a 4-year-old patient with complicated past medical history including YARS genetic mutation with resultant liver failure and deceased donor liver transplantation, stage IV chronic kidney disease (CKD), and hypertension. The patient was noted to have labored breathing 4 min after initiation of ferumoxytol infusion and was subsequently rapidly intubated and returned to the intensive care unit (ICU) for monitoring. Anaphylactic reactions to therapeutic doses of ferumoxytol led to issuance of a black box warning by the FDA in 2015. Adverse reactions to lower-dose ferumoxytol used in diagnostic imaging, however, are rare and there has been a paucity of documented anaphylactic reactions in the literature.
Modeling the mid-piacenzian warm climate using the water isotope-enabled Community Earth System Model (iCESM1.2-ITPCAS)
Authors: Sun Yong , Ding Lin , Su Baohuang , Dowsett Harry , Wu Haibin , Hu Jun , Stepanek Christian , Xiong Zhongyu , Yuan Xiayu , Ramstein Gilles
Published: June 2024

The mid-Piacenzian Warm Period (MPWP, ~ 3.264–3.025 Ma) is the most recent example of a persistently warmer climate in equilibrium with atmospheric CO2 concentrations similar to today. Towards studying patterns and dynamics of a warming climate the MPWP is often compared to today. Following the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 2 (PlioMIP2) protocol we prepare a water isotope-enabled Community Earth System Model (iCESM1.2) simulation that is warmer and wetter than the PlioMIP2 multi-model ensemble (MME). While our simulation resembles PlioMIP2 MME in many aspects we find added insights. (1) Considerable warmth at high latitudes exceeds previous simulations. Polar amplification (PA) is comparable to proxies, enabled by iCESM1.2’s high climate sensitivity and a distinct method of ocean initialization. (2) Major driver of warmth is the downward component of clear-sky surface long-wave radiation ($$\varDelta T_{\text{rlds}\_\text{clearsky}}$$

Δ

T

rlds
_
clearsky

). (3) In iCESM1.2 modulated dominance of dynamic (δDY) processes causes different low-latitude (~ 30 S°–10°N) precipitation response than the PlioMIP2 MME, where thermodynamic processes (δTH) dominate. (4) Modulated local condensation leads to lower δ18Op across tropical Indian Ocean and surrounding Asian-African-Australian monsoon regions. (5) We find contrasting changes in tropical atmospheric circulations (Hadley and Walker cells). Anomalous regional meridional (zonal) circulation, forced by changes in tropical-subtropical (tropical) diabatic processes, presents a more comprehensive perspective than explaining weakened and expanded Hadley circulation (strengthened and westward-shifted Walker circulation) via static stability. (6) Enhanced Atlantic meridional overturning circulation owes to a closed Bering Strait.
Ferroptosis inhibitor improves outcome after early and delayed treatment in mild spinal cord injury
Authors: Ryan Fari , Blex Christian , Ngo The Dung , Kopp Marcel A. , Michalke Bernhard , Venkataramani Vivek , Curran Laura , Schwab Jan M. , Ruprecht Klemens , Otto Carolin , Jhelum Priya , Kroner Antje , David Samuel
Published: June 2024

We show that redox active iron can induce a regulated form of non-apoptotic cell death and tissue damage called ferroptosis that can contribute to secondary damage and functional loss in the acute and chronic periods after spinal cord injury (SCI) in young, adult, female mice. Phagocytosis of red blood cells at sites of hemorrhage is the main source of iron derived from hemoglobin after SCI. Expression of hemeoxygenase-1 that induces release of iron from heme, is increased in spinal cord macrophages 7 days after injury. While iron is stored safely in ferritin in the injured spinal cord, it can, however, be released by NCOA4-mediated shuttling of ferritin to autophagosomes for degradation (ferritinophagy). This leads to the release of redox active iron that can cause free radical damage. Expression of NCOA4 is increased after SCI, mainly in macrophages. Increase in the ratio of redox active ferrous (Fe2+) to ferric iron (Fe3+) is also detected after SCI by capillary electrophoresis inductively coupled mass spectrometry. These changes are accompanied by other hallmarks of ferroptosis, i.e., deficiency in various elements of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) pathway. We also detect increases in enzymes that repair membrane lipids (ACSL4 and LPCAT3) and thus promote on-going ferroptosis. These changes are associated with increased levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a toxic lipid peroxidation product. Mice with mild SCI (30 kdyne force) treated with the ferroptosis inhibitor (UAMC-3203-HCL) either early or delayed times after injury showed improvement in locomotor recovery and secondary damage. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples from human SCI cases show evidence of increased iron storage (ferritin), and other iron related molecules, and reduction in GSH. Collectively, these data suggest that ferroptosis contributes to secondary damage after SCI and highlights the possible use of ferroptosis inhibitors to treat SCI.
De novo variants in immune regulatory genes in Down syndrome regression disorder
Authors: Jafarpour Saba , Banerjee Abhik K. , Khoshnood Mellad M. , Vogel Benjamin N. , Boyd Natalie K. , Nguyen Lina , Partridge Rebecca , Santoro Stephanie L. , Gombolay Grace Y. , Fisher Kristen S. , de Asua Diego Real , del Ortega Maria Carmen , Franklin Cathy , Rafii Michael S. , Santoro Jonathan D.
Published: June 2024

Background

Down Syndrome Regression Disorder (DSRD) is a rare and poorly understood disorder of the central nervous system, characterized by acute or subacute neuropsychiatric symptoms in previously healthy individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Many patients exhibit immunotherapy-responsiveness, indicative of immune dysregulation as a potential underlying etiology. While hypotheses are emerging regarding the role of interferon signaling in DSRD and other autoimmune conditions associated with DS, it is unclear why a small subset of individuals with DS develop DSRD. The aim of this study was to investigate genes of immune regulation in persons with DSRD.

Methods

This study included individuals with DSRD aged 10–30 years with trio exome sequencing performed during the diagnostic work up. Descriptive statistics and univariate analysis (Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test) were used to describe and compare the characteristics of individuals with and without variants.

Results

Forty-one individuals with DSRD had trio exome sequencing results. Eight (20%) had heterozygous de novo variants of immune regulatory genes, with four variants being pathogenic or likely pathogenic (UNC13D, XIAP, RNASEH2A, and DNASE1L3). All genes harboring pathogenic variants were associated with interferon type-1 inflammatory response. Individuals harboring variants were more likely to have a preceding trigger (p = 0.03, 95% CI 1.21–97.06), rapid clinical decline in less than 1 month (p = 0.01, 95% CI 1.67–52.06), and MRI abnormalities (p < 0.001, 95% CI 4.89–527.71).

Discussion

A distinct subset of individuals with DSRD exhibited pathogenic variants in immune regulation genes associated with interferon-mediated inflammatory response, coinciding with previously established links between these genes and interferonopathies such as Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome. Our observations suggest that these variants might potentially contribute to the development of DSRD in individuals with DS.
Atypical lateralization of visuospatial attention can be associated with better or worse performance on line bisection
Authors: Villar-Rodríguez Esteban , Davydova Tatiana , Marin-Marin Lidón , Avila César
Published: June 2024

The causal and statistical hypotheses diverge in determining whether the lateralization of language function in one cerebral hemisphere entails the lateralization of visuospatial function in the opposite hemisphere. Additionally, it remains unclear if the atypical segregation of these functions could influence cognitive performance. This study addresses these questions by examining the hemispheric lateralization of visuospatial attention during a line bisection judgement (landmark) task in three groups of healthy non-right-handed individuals with different language production segregations: left (typical), ambilateral (atypical), and right (atypical). Consistent with the causal hypothesis, results indicate that the groups with left and right language lateralization primarily utilize the opposite hemisphere for visuospatial attention. The ambilateral group, however, displays a pattern compatible with an independent segregation, supporting the statistical hypothesis. Behavioral analyses reveal that atypical lateralization of visuospatial attention (non-right) can lead to either better or worse performance during the landmark task, depending on the specific pattern. Bilateral organization is associated with reduced overall accuracy, whereas the left segregation results in improved performance during the most challenging trials. These findings suggest the existence of diverse pathways to lateralization, akin to either the causal or statistical hypothesis, which can result in cognitive advantages or disadvantages.
Global well-posedness of the 2D nonlinear Schrödinger equation with multiplicative spatial white noise on the full space
Authors: Debussche Arnaud , Liu Ruoyuan , Tzvetkov Nikolay , Visciglia Nicola
Published: June 2024

We consider the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with multiplicative spatial white noise and an arbitrary polynomial nonlinearity on the two-dimensional full space domain. We prove global well-posedness by using a gauge-transform introduced by Hairer and Labbé (Electron Commun Probab 20(43):11, 2015) and constructing the solution as a limit of solutions to a family of approximating equations. This paper extends a previous result by Debussche and Martin (Nonlinearity 32(4):1147–1174, 2019) with a sub-quadratic nonlinearity.
Restoration of posterior teeth by narrow diameter implants in hyperglycemic and normoglycemic patients – 4-year results of a case-control study
Authors: Diehl Daniel , Bespalov Angelina , Yildiz Mehmet Selim , Friedmann Anton
Published: June 2024

Objectives

To investigate the four-year clinical outcome and marginal bone loss around narrow-diameter implants in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) and normo-glycemic individuals.

Materials and methods

In 11 T2DM patients with a concentration of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) > 6.5% (test group) and 15 normoglycemic patients (HbA1C < 6.0%; control group), one narrow-diameter tissue level implant, placed in the posterior maxilla or mandible, was investigated. The clinical parameters probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), attachment loss (CAL), recession, and papilla bleeding index (PBI) were assessed manually after 24 and 48 months of function. The paired digital periapical radiographs were analyzed regarding the change in marginal bone level (MBL) from baseline to 48 months post-op. The technical complications were recorded.

Results

In the T2DM group, 11 patients were available for follow-ups. The overall implant survival rate after 48 months was 100%. The differences in means for the clinical parameters and the MBL between the T2DM and normo-glycemic patients for the observation period were statistically non-significant. No technical complications were recorded.

Conclusions

The study demonstrated an encouraging clinical outcome with ND implants in patients with uncontrolled T2DM compared to non-diabetics after 48 months’ post loading.

Clinical relevance

Patients with HbA1C > 6.5% may benefit from the treatment with narrow-diameter implants by avoiding complex surgical interventions with augmentation procedures.

Registration number (clinicaltrials.gov)

NCT04630691
Effects of the recycled coarse aggregate mixing ratio on the characteristics of concrete with different design strengths
Authors: Yoon Sanghyuck , Choi Wonyoung , Jeon Chansoo
Published: June 2024

In this study, the characteristics of recycled aggregate concrete according to the mixing ratio of recycled coarse aggregate(RCA) were analyzed for different design strengths to explore the use of recycled materials in the production of ready-mixed concrete. The results show that, depending on the ratio of recycled aggregate, the compressive strength is similar to that of normal concrete and does not deteriorate. Therefore, it is possible to achieve a target design strength. Furthermore, if the ratio of recycled coarse aggregate for concrete is up to 25% of the total aggregate amount (50% of the total coarse aggregate), slump does not cause problems. Our findings show that the higher the design standard strength, the greater the amount of powder, and the more stringent the management of slump reduction, unit quantity, and performance necessary. The obtained results show that recycled aggregate can be used to produce ready-mixed concrete after adjusting its mixing ratio and concrete mix proportions.
What Should Personalised Mental Health Support Involve? Views of Young People with Lived Experience and Professionals from Eight Countries
Authors: Sheikh Ayesha , Jacob Jenna , Vostanis Panos , Ruby Florence , Spuerck Inga , Stankovic Milos , Morgan Nicholas , Mota Catarina Pinheiro , Ferreira Rúben , Eruyar Şeyda , Yılmaz Elmas Aybike , Fatima Syeda Zeenat , Edbrooke-Childs Julian
Published: June 2024

Research demonstrates that young people value mental health support that is tailored to their needs and preferences, rather than a “one size fits all” offer, which is often not equitably accessible (National Children’s Bureau, 2021). Understanding young people’s lived experiences across different sociocultural contexts is important. The aim of this research was to conduct an international qualitative study on the views of young people with lived experience and professionals, on proposed aspects of personalised support for anxiety and/or depression. Participatory action focus groups were conducted with N = 120 young people with lived experience of anxiety and/or depression (14–24 years) and with N = 63 professionals in Brazil, India, Kenya, Pakistan, Portugal, South Africa, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. Data were analysed using the rigorous and accelerated data reduction (RADaR) technique. Overall, although some country-specific differences were found in terms of what aspects of support young people found to be most important, individual preferences were considered stronger, furthering the view that support should be personalised to the needs of the individual young person. Young people experiencing anxiety and/or depression should be able to choose for themselves which aspects of support they would prefer in their own care and support plans, with families and mental health professionals providing guidance where appropriate, rather than removing the young person from the decision-making process altogether. It should also be ensured that the aspects of personalised support can be understood by young people and professionals from different contexts, including marginalised and minoritised groups and communities.
PCSK9 and Lipid Metabolism: Genetic Variants, Current Therapies, and Cardiovascular Outcomes
Authors: Grejtakova Daniela , Boronova Iveta , Bernasovska Jarmila , Bellosta Stefano
Published: June 2024

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a crucial role in the modulation of lipid metabolism as a critical negative regulator of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) levels and circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) clearance. Numerous gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in PCSK9 have been identified as causing familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) by reducing LDLR levels, and loss-of-function (LOF) mutations associated with a hypercholesterolemia phenotype protective against atherosclerosis. PCSK9 represents an example of successful translational research resulting in the identification of PCSK9 as a major drug target for a lipid-lowering therapy. To explore the genetic constitution of PCSK9 and its biologic role, in this review, we summarize the current evidence of clinically significant PCSK9 genetic variants involved in lipid metabolism as well as emphasize the importance of PCSK9 inhibition for the improvement of cardiovascular outcomes by conducting a meta-analysis of the available data on the incidence of cardiovascular disease events.
Effectiveness of artificial intelligence integration in design-based learning on design thinking mindset, creative and reflective thinking skills: An experimental study
Authors: Saritepeci Mustafa , Yildiz Durak Hatice
Published: June 2024

Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into learning activities is an essential opportunity to develop students' varied thinking skills. On the other hand, design-based learning (DBL) can more effectively foster creative design processes with AI technologies to overcome real-world challenges. In this context, AI-supported DBL activities have a significant potential for teaching and developing thinking skills. However, there is a lack of experimental interventions in the literature examining the effects of integrating AI into learner-centered methods on active engagement and thinking skills. The current study aims to explore the effectiveness of AI integration as a guidance and collaboration tool in a DBL process. In this context, the effect of the experimental application on the participants’ design thinking mindset, creative self-efficacy (CSE), and reflective thinking (RT) self-efficacy levels and the relationship between them were examined. The participants used ChatGPT and Midjourney in the digital story development process as part of the experimental treatment. The only difference between the control and experimental groups in the digital storytelling process is the AI applications used in the experimental treatment (ChatGPT and Midjourney). In this quasi-experimental method study, participants were randomly assigned to treatment, an AI integration intervention, at the departmental level. 87 participants (undergraduate students) in the experimental group and 99 (undergraduate students) in the control group. The implementation process lasted five weeks. Partial Least Squares (PLS), Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), and Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) were made according to the measurements made at the T0 point before the experiment and at the T1 point after the experiment. According to the research result, the intervention in both groups contributed to the creative self-efficacy, critical reflection, and reflection development of the participants. On the other hand, the design thinking mindset levels of both groups did not show a significant difference in the comparison of the T0 point and the T1 point.
On the value of booking data for upsell decision-making in revenue management
Authors: Rauhaus Davina , Gönsch Jochen , Steinhardt Claudius
Published: June 2024

In passenger aviation and many other areas of transportation, it is common practice to offer customers who have booked a ticket for a lower compartment free seats in higher compartments at a discount before departure, a practice known as upselling. For example, economy class customers are offered a seat in business class for a small surcharge a few days before take-off. Obviously, it matters to whom to offer an upsell and at what price. In this paper, we address this decision problem in a generic fashion for revenue management settings. We assume that the company has disaggregated booking data about the customer’s initial choice of a product from a provided offer set. This data contains information about individual customers’ preferences and may be leveraged to decide on upsell prices. To this end, we propose an optimization approach based on an expectation model, in which customers’ response probability is represented as a conditional probability formally consistent with their initial buying decision in a multinomial logit model. We present variants of the approach based on different levels of exploitable customer-specific booking data. In a numerical study, we investigate the value of this data usage and upselling in general to the company. Upselling in conjunction with knowledge of the customers’ original offer sets and customer segments, substantially increases revenues. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the proposed approach can lead to larger revenue benefits than a naive benchmark approach which statistically decouples the customers’ upgrade acceptance decision from their original choice during the purchasing process.
Linking Vegetation Characteristics of Madagascar’s Spiny Forest to Habitat Occupancy of Lepilemur petteri
Authors: Ratovonamana Yedidya R. , Apel Celina , Hajanantenaina Davidson H. , Foley William J. , Kübler Daniel , Nevermann Stella , Rakotondranary S. Jacques , Stalenberg Eleanor M. , Ganzhorn Jörg U.
Published: June 2024

Climatic changes with unpredictable weather conditions have negative effects on many primates. With several lemur species reaching their ecological limits in the dry and hypervariable spiny forest, Madagascar might provide an example for understanding adaptations of primates to unpredictable conditions. Here, we aimed to identify vegetation characteristics that allow Lepilemur petteri to persist in an environment at the limit of its ecological niche. For this, we linked the patchy distribution of the species to vegetation characteristics described on the ground and by remote sensing reflecting primary production (Enhanced Vegetation Index from MODIS) for 17 sites in nine regions, spread over 100 km along Tsimanampetsotse NP. We verified the results on a smaller scale by radio-tracking and vegetation analyses related to home ranges of 13 L. petteri. Remote sensing indicated that L. petteri is more likely to occur in forests where the variation of the annual primary production and the interannual variability of the month with the lowest primary production are low.

Lepilemur petteri was more likely to occur with increasing densities of large trees, large food tree species (diameter ≥ 10 cm) and octopus trees (Alluaudia procera). Alluaudia procera provide food year-round and shelter in the spiny forest where large trees with holes are absent. High tree species diversity might buffer food availability against failure of certain tree species to produce food. These findings illustrate limiting constraints of climatic hypervariability for lemurs and indicate benefits of forest restoration with high numbers of tree species for biodiversity conservation.
A black-box attack on fixed-unitary quantum encryption schemes
Authors: Pilaszewicz Cezary , Muth Lea R. , Margraf Marian
Published: June 2024

We show how fixed-unitary quantum encryption schemes can be attacked in a black-box setting. We use an efficient technique to invert a unitary transformation on a quantum computer to retrieve an encrypted secret quantum state $${|{\psi }\rangle }$$

|
ψ
⟩

. This attack has a success rate of 100% and can be executed in constant time. We name a vulnerable scheme which security is fully broken by our attack and suggest how to improve the scheme to invalidate this attack. The proposed attack highlights the importance of carefully designing quantum encryption schemes to ensure their security against quantum adversaries, even in a black-box setting. We point to the faulty assumption and name a criterion for future quantum cipher design to prevent similar vulnerabilities.
Relationship Between Obesity and Intellectual/Developmental Disability in an Ohio Telepsychiatry Clinic: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Shameem Sana , Luft Megan , Harrington Michael , Nahhas Ramzi W. , Hatesohl Michael , Gentile Julie , Gainer Danielle
Published: June 2024

Co-occurring intellectual/developmental disability (IDD) and overweight/obesity (OW/OB) is an important consideration of IDD psychiatric care. The relationship between OW/OB and comorbid diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and/or IDD remains inadequately described in existing literature. The purpose of this study is to explore these co-occurring diagnoses. Improved understanding of associated comorbidities can guide clinicians toward interventions to minimize complications associated with OW/OB. We conducted a retrospective review of adult patients of a telepsychiatry clinic with IDD or ASD defined by DSM-5. ICD-10 diagnosis of IDD or ASD, demographics, BMI, comorbidities, and current medications were recorded. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate associations between each predictor and the outcomes overweight (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Prevalence of obesity in these 412 adults was 52.4% (95% CI 47.5, 57.3). There was a significant inverse relationship between IDD severity and the odds of each outcome (p < .001). 80.3% of patients were being actively treated with an antidepressant. Patients taking an antidepressant had twice the odds of obesity (adjusted OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.23, 3.41, p = .006). These findings provide a sense of urgency for prevention of OW/OB and its associated medical sequelae. Prevalence of obesity was higher in this sample compared to the general population. The inverse relationship between IDD severity and OW/OB warrants further research examining age, caregiver involvement, and access to care as potential modifiers.
Return to Work Trajectories of Swedish Employees on Sick-Leave Due to Common Mental Disorders
Authors: Toropova Anna , Björk Brämberg Elisabeth , Bergström Gunnar
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Recent research has emphasized that return to work (RTW) is a dynamic, gradual and often uneven process with a great degree of individual variation. This study aimed to identify RTW trajectories of Swedish employees on sick-leave due to common mental disorders (CMDs). The second aim was to explore which demographic, employment, health-related and work environment characteristics predicted RTW trajectory membership.

Methods

Data comes from two 2-armed cluster-randomized controlled trials (RCT) with a 12-month follow-up. A participative problem-solving intervention aimed to reduce sick-leave was compared to care as usual (CAU) involving any kind of work-directed interventions. Participants on sick-leave due to CMDs at baseline (N = 197) formed the study sample. Latent growth mixture modeling and logistic regression were the main analytical approaches.

Results

Five distinct RTW trajectories of Swedish employees were identified: Early RTW (N = 65), Delayed RTW (N = 50), Late RTW (N = 39), Struggling RTW (N = 21) and No RTW (N = 22). RTW trajectories differed consistently with regard to previous sick-leave duration and social support at work. More unique predictors of RTW trajectories included gender, rewards at work, work performance impairment due to health problems, home-to-work interference and stress-related exhaustion disorder.

Conclusion

The study may have important clinical implications for identifying patients belonging to a particular RTW trajectory. Knowledge on the modifiable work environment factors that differentiated between the RTW trajectories could be useful for designing effective workplace interventions, tailored to particular needs of employees with CMDs. However, in a first step, the results need to be replicated.
Personalizing human avatars based on realistic 3D facial reconstruction
Authors: Ding Yueming , He Honghong , Mok P. Y.
Published: June 2024

Personalized 3D human avatars have aroused a great deal of interest because it is attractive to most people, particularly generation Z, to have the digital twins in their own appearance to live, work, interact, and shop in the metaverse. Nevertheless, personalized avatars are rarely used in practice because of the computational cost and hardware restrictions in the creation process. This has resulted in avatars of diverse topologies being used on different platforms/systems for various applications, which further hinders the utilization of personalized avatars. This paper reports on a new method for personalizing human avatars, which includes the reconstruction of personalized face models from single images and transferring the reconstructed 3D facial shape and appearance to avatars with varying topologies. This newly developed method is compared with state-of-the-art face reconstruction and personalized avatar reconstruction methods. Based upon the results obtained, it was concluded that the new method created more realistic and true-to-life avatars. This method has been applied in an augmented reality (AR) mobile application, enabling users to engage in virtual try-on experience of fashion. The code will be released once the paper is published.