bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Randomised study for the Optimal Treatment of symptomatic patients with low-gradient severe Aortic valve Stenosis and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (ROTAS trial)
Authors: Galli Elena , Le Ven Florent , Coisne Augustin , Sportouch Catherine , Le Tourneau Thierry , Lavie-Badie Yoan , Bernard Anne , Eicher Jean-Christophe , Dreyfus Julien , Ternacle Julien , Baleynaud Serge , Auffret Vincent , Le Pabic Estelle , Pibarot Philippe , Oger Emmanuel , Donal Erwan
Published: August 2024

Background

The best management of symptomatic patients with low-gradient (LG) severe aortic stenosis (AS) and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) has not been established. The Randomised study for the Optimal Treatment of symptomatic patients with low-gradient severe Aortic valve Stenosis (ROTAS) trial aimed to assess the superiority of aortic valve replacement (AVR) versus medical treatment (MT) in this specific group of AS patients.

Methods

Patients with symptomatic LG severe AS and preserved LVEF (>50%) underwent dobutamine stress echocardiography and/or CT-aortic calcium score to confirm AS severity and were then randomised 1:1 to AVR or MT. The primary endpoint was a composite of overall death and/or cardiovascular hospitalisation.

Results

The ROTAS study was stopped early because of insufficient recruitment. In the end, only 52 patients (age 79±7 years; women 54%; NYHA III-IV 27%; median STS score 3.3%) were included in the study. During follow-up (mean: 14±7 months), the primary endpoint occurred in 12 (23%) patients. Compared with MT, AVR was not associated with a significant prognostic benefit (events: 5/26 (19%) vs 7/26 (27%) (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.24 to 2.39, p=0.63). During follow-up, 11 (42%) patients in the MT group developed class I criteria for AVR or severe symptoms justifying a cross-over to the AVR group.

Conclusions

Because of the small number of included patients and short follow-up the ROTAS trial was underpowered and unable to demonstrate a difference in the study endpoint between treatment arms. In patients in the MT arm, a regular echocardiographic and clinical assessment might be useful to disclose those developing class I indications of AVR or severe AS-related symptoms.

Trial registration number

NCT01835028.
Adenovirus vaccine targeting kinases induces potent antitumor immunity in solid tumors
Authors: Zhu Fei , Lu Zheng , Tang Wenjing , Zhao Guangya , Shao Yingxiang , Lu Bowen , Ding Jiage , Zheng Yanyan , Fang Lin , Li Huizhong , Wang Gang , Chen Renjin , Zheng Junnian , Chai Dafei
Published: August 2024

Background

Targeting kinases presents a potential strategy for treating solid tumors; however, the therapeutic potential of vaccines targeting kinases remains uncertain.

Methods

Adenovirus (Ad) vaccines encoding Aurora kinase A (AURKA) or cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) were developed, and their therapeutic potentials were investigated by various methods including western blot, flow cytometry, cytotoxic T lymphocyte assay, and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot), in mouse and humanized solid tumor models.

Results

Co-immunization with Ad-AURKA/CDK7 effectively prevented subcutaneous tumor growth in the Renca, RM-1, MC38, and Hepa1-6 tumor models. In therapeutic tumor models, Ad-AURKA/CDK7 treatment impeded tumor growth and increased immune cell infiltration. Administration of Ad-AURKA/CDK7 promoted the induction and maturation of dendritic cell subsets and augmented multifunctional CD8+T-cell antitumor immunity. Furthermore, the vaccine induced a long-lasting antitumor effect by promoting the generation of memory CD8+T cells. Tumor recovery on CD8+T-cell depletion underscored the indispensable role of these cells in the observed therapeutic effects. The potent efficacy of the Ad-AURKA/CDK7 vaccine was consistently demonstrated in lung metastasis, orthotopic, and humanized tumor models by inducing multifunctional CD8+T-cell antitumor immune responses.

Conclusions

Our findings illustrate that the Ad-AURKA/CDK7 vaccine targeting dual kinases AURKA and CDK7 emerges as a promising and effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of solid tumors.
Providing medically assisted dying in Canada: a qualitative study of emotional and moral impact
Authors: Winters Janine Penfield , Jaye Chrystal , Pickering Neil John , Walker Simon
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Medical assistance in dying (MAiD) in Canada places the medical provider at the centre of the process. The MAiD provider holds primary responsibility for determining eligibility and becomes acquainted with patients’ inner desires and expressions of suffering. This is followed by the MAiD procedure of administering the lethal agent and being present at the death of eligible patients. We report participants’ perceptions of the emotional and moral impacts of this role.

Methodology

Two years after MAiD was legalised in Canada, 22 early-adopting physician providers were interviewed. Data were examined using both phenomenological analysis and a novel ChatGPT-enhanced analysis of an anonymised subset of interview excerpts.

Findings

Participants described MAiD as emotionally provocative with both challenges and rewards. Providers expressed a positive moral impact when helping to optimise a patient’s autonomy and moral comfort with their role in relieving suffering. Providers experienced tensions around professional duty and balancing self with service to others. Personal choice and patient gratitude enhanced the provider experience, while uncertainty and conflict added difficulty.

Conclusions

Participants described MAiD provision as strongly aligned with a patient-centred ethos of practice. This study suggests that, despite challenges, providing MAiD can be a meaningful and satisfying practice for physicians. Understanding the emotional and moral impact and factors that enhance or detract from the providers’ experience allows future stakeholders to design and regulate assisted dying in ways congruent with the interests of patients, providers, families and society.
Venous sinus stenting versus ventriculoperitoneal shunting: comparing clinical outcomes for idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Hilvert Austin Michael , Gauhar Fatima , Longo Michael , Grimaudo Heather , Dugan John , Mummareddy Nishit , Chitale Rohan , Froehler Michael T , Fusco Matthew R
Published: August 2024

Background

Venous sinus stenting (VSS) has been shown to reduce intracranial venous pressures and improve symptoms in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). However, long-term follow-up data are limited, raising concerns about sustained symptom improvement. We aimed to assess long-term outcomes of VSS compared with ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS).

Methods

A retrospective case-control study assessed 87 patients with IIH who met inclusion criteria and underwent either VSS (n=27) or VPS (n=60) between 2017 and 2022. Descriptive statistics for baseline characteristics and outcomes were calculated, followed by multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with headache recurrence.

Results

Baseline characteristics were similar between VSS and VPS groups, including age (p=0.58), sex (p=0.74), body mass index (p=0.47), and preoperative lumbar puncture opening pressure (p=0.62). Preoperative symptoms of headaches (p=0.42), papilledema (p=0.35), and pulsatile tinnitus (p=0.56) were also similar. Initial headache improvement was comparable (96% vs 91%, p=0.42). However, headache recurrence was less common in the VSS group (31% vs 60%, p=0.015) at the last follow-up, averaging over 1 year. Multivariate analysis showed VSS was independently associated with reduced odds of headache recurrence (OR 0.24, p=0.015). Longer follow-up was associated with increased odds of headache recurrence in both groups (OR 1.01, p=0.032).

Conclusion

VSS was independently associated with reduced odds of headache recurrence compared with VPS in multivariate analysis. Longer follow-up was significantly associated with headache recurrence in both groups. This suggests that VSS may lead to better outcomes for continued headache relief, but headache recurrence may increase with longer follow-up regardless of treatment modality.
Rupture risk assessment in cerebral arteriovenous malformations: an ensemble model using hemodynamic and morphological features
Authors: Zhu Haoyu , Liu Lian , Liang Shikai , Ma Chao , Chang Yuzhou , Zhang Longhui , Fu Xiguang , Song Yuqi , Zhang Jiarui , Zhang Yupeng , Jiang Chuhan
Published: August 2024

Background

Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a cerebrovascular disorder posing a risk for intracranial hemorrhage. However, there are few reliable quantitative indices to predict hemorrhage risk accurately. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers for hemorrhage risk by quantitatively analyzing the hemodynamic and morphological features within the AVM nidus.

Methods

This study included three datasets comprising consecutive patients with untreated AVMs between January 2008 to December 2023. Training and test datasets were used to train and evaluate the model. An independent validation dataset of patients receiving conservative treatment was used to evaluate the model performance in predicting subsequent hemorrhage during follow-up. Hemodynamic and morphological features were quantitatively extracted based on digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Individual models using various machine learning algorithms and an ensemble model were constructed on the training dataset. Model performance was assessed using the confusion matrix-related metrics.

Results

This study included 844 patients with AVMs, distributed across the training (n=597), test (n=149), and validation (n=98) datasets. Five hemodynamic and 14 morphological features were quantitatively extracted for each patient. The ensemble model, constructed based on five individual machine-learning models, achieved an area under the curve of 0.880 (0.824–0.937) on the test dataset and 0.864 (0.769–0.959) on the independent validation dataset.

Conclusion

Quantitative hemodynamic and morphological features extracted from DSA data serve as potential indicators for assessing the rupture risk of AVM. The ensemble model effectively integrated multidimensional features, demonstrating favorable performance in predicting subsequent rupture of AVM.
Clothing and individual equipment for the female soldier: developing a framework to improve the evidence base which informs future design and evaluation
Authors: Armstrong Nicola C , Rodrigues SA , Gruevski KM , Mitchell KB , Fogarty A , Saunders S , Bossi L
Published: August 2024

The development of inclusive equipment and clothing is a priority across national defence departments that are part of The Technical Cooperation Programme. As such, a collaborative effort has been established to inform the development of clothing and equipment for women. This invited review provides an overview of an ongoing collaborative project presented at the sixth International Congress on Soldiers Physical Performance. The purpose of this review was to summarise the outputs of scoping work conducted to inform the direction of future research programmes. The scoping work has recommended a framework, which includes improved objective metrics for assessment, standardised methods to characterise study participants and improved methods for characterising the system being evaluated. The longer-term research project aims to implement the framework so that the design of future equipment and clothing is optimised for all end users.
Fascicular injury is rare following needle transfixion: a study on median and ulnar isolated human nerves
Authors: Varela Victor , Mejia Jorge , Ruíz Carlos , Reina Miguel A , Sala-Blanch Xavier
Published: August 2024

Background

Needle trauma has been associated with peripheral nerve injury and neurological dysfunction. However, inadvertent needle puncture is frequent while postblock dysfunction is rare. We conducted a cadaveric study to evaluate the association between needle puncture and fascicular injury.

Methods

Five median and five ulnar (isolated) nerves were obtained from fresh human cadavers. Four different needles were used for the transfixing punctures: A 30° beveled (22G) nerve block needle, and 15° beveled (22G, 25G and 27G) Quincke spinal block needles. 10 transfixing punctures were made with each needle type on each nerve (40 punctures per nerve). Samples were then immersed in 5% formaldehyde solution for 30 days. Perpendicular cross-sections of the punctured segments were obtained. Samples were embedded in paraffin and analyzed under light microscopy with H&E staining. On each slice, the following variables were obtained: ratio of fascicular/epineurial tissue, the number of fascicles per nerve and the number of injured fascicles.

Results

A total of 400 punctures were made (200 median and 200 ulnar) and 144 histological nerve sections analyzed (74 median and 70 ulnar). The median number of fascicles per section was 16 (range 7–23) and 17 (range 8–27) with a fascicular/epineural tissue ratio of 45% (range 35%–52%) and 44% (range 39%–54%) for median and ulnar, respectively. Three fascicular injuries were identified: one in ulnar and two in median. All injuries were caused by a 15° beveled needle, the ulnar with a 22G and the median with a 22G and a 27G.

Conclusions

Fascicular injury is rare following needle transfixion. Needle injury alone is unlikely to explain postblock neurological dysfunction.
Fcγ-receptor-IIIA bioactivity of circulating and synovial immune complexes in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Andreeva Ivana , Kolb Philipp , Rodon Lea , Blank Norbert , Lorenz Hanns-Martin , Merkt Wolfgang
Published: August 2024

Objective

Previous technical limitations prevented the proof of Fcγ-receptor (FcγR)-activation by soluble immune complexes (sICs) in patients. FcγRIIIa (CD16) is a risk factor in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed at determining the presence of CD16-activating sICs in RA and control diseases.

Methods

Sera from an exploratory cohort (n=50 patients with RA) and a validation cohort (n=106 patients with RA, 20 patients with psoriasis arthritis (PsA), 22 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 31 healthy controls) were analysed using a new reporter cell assay. Additionally, 26 synovial fluid samples were analysed, including paired serum/synovial samples.

Results

For the first time using a reliable and sensitive functional assay, the presence of sICs in RA sera was confirmed. sICs possess an intrinsic capacity to activate CD16 and can be found in both synovial fluid and in blood. In low experimental dilutions, circulating sICs were also detected in a subset of healthy people and in PsA. However, we report a significantly increased frequency of bioactive circulating sICs in RA. While the bioactivity of circulating sICs was low and did not correlate with clinical parameters, synovial sICs were highly bioactive and correlated with serum autoantibody levels. Receiver operator curves indicated that sICs bioactivity in synovial fluid could be used to discriminate immune complex-associated arthritis from non-associated forms. Finally, circulating sICs were more frequently found in SLE than in RA. The degree of CD16 bioactivity showed strong donor-dependent differences, especially in SLE.

Conclusions

RA is characterised by the presence of circulating and synovial sICs that can engage and activate CD16.
Quantifying the jet energy loss in Pb+Pb collisions at LHC
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Shukla Prashant
Published: August 2024

In this work, we give a method to study the energy loss of jets in the medium using a variety of jet energy loss observables such as nuclear modification factor and transverse momentum asymmetry in dijets and $$\gamma $$
γ
-jets in heavy ion collisions. The energy loss of jets in the medium depends mainly on the size and the properties of medium viz. temperature and is a function of energy of the jets as predicted by various models. A Monte Carlo (MC) method is employed to generate the transverse momentum and path-lengths of the initial jets that undergo energy loss. Using different scenarios of energy loss, the transverse momentum and system size dependence of nuclear modification factors and different measures of dijet momentum imbalance at energies $$\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}$$

s
NN

= 2.76 TeV and 5.02 TeV and $$\gamma $$
γ
-jet asymmetry at $$\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}$$

s
NN

=2.76 TeV in Pb+Pb collisions are simulated. The results are compared with the measurements by ATLAS and CMS experiments as a function of transverse momentum and centrality. The study demonstrates how the system size and energy dependence of jet energy loss can be quantified using various experimental observables.
An innovative model for coupled fermion-antifermion pairs
Authors: Guvendi Abdullah , Mustafa Omar
Published: August 2024

Understanding the behavior of fermion-antifermion ($$f\overline{f}$$

f

f
¯

) pairs is crucial in modern physics. These systems, governed by fundamental forces, exhibit complex interactions essential for particle physics, high-energy physics, nuclear physics, and solid-state physics. This study introduces a novel theoretical model using the many-body Dirac equation for $$f\overline{f}$$

f

f
¯

pairs with an effective position-dependent mass (i.e., $$m \rightarrow m + \mathcal {S}(r)$$

m
→
m
+
S
(
r
)

) under the influence of an external magnetic field. To validate our model, we show that by modifying the mass with a Coulomb-like potential, $$m(r) = m - \alpha /r$$

m
(
r
)
=
m
-
α
/
r

, where $$-\alpha /r$$

-
α
/
r

is the Lorentz scalar potential $$\mathcal {S}(r)$$

S
(
r
)

, our results match the well-established energy eigenvalues for $$f\overline{f}$$

f

f
¯

pairs interacting through the Coulomb potential, without approximation. By applying adjustments based on the Cornell potential (i.e., $$\mathcal {S}(r) = kr - \alpha /r$$

S
(
r
)
=
k
r
-
α
/
r

), we derive a closed-form energy expression. We believe this unique model offers significant insights into the dynamics of $$f\overline{f}$$

f

f
¯

pairs under various interaction potentials, with potential applications in particle physics. Additionally, it could be extended to various $$f\overline{f}$$

f

f
¯

systems, such as positronium, relativistic Landau levels for neutral mesons, excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, and Weyl pairs in monolayer graphene sheets.
Homogeneous–Heterogeneous reactions on Darcy–Forchheimer flow of SWCNTs/MWCNTs over a bidirectional Riga plate with nonlinear radiation and non-uniform heat source/sink
Authors: Senthilvadivu K. , Eswaramoorthi S. , Loganathan K. , Ali Rifaqat
Published: August 2024

The flow of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via the Riga plate has a substantial influence, and it is used in the industrial sector, like fluid stirring, thermal reactors, semiconductors, tissue regeneration, gene delivery to organs, etc. However, the 3D Darcy–Forchheimer flow (DFF) of CNTs through the Riga plate with nonlinear thermal radiation and a non-uniform heat sink/source has not been investigated. As a consequence of this, the objective of this paper is to explore the impact of the nonlinear radiative DFF of water-based CNTs past a heated Riga plate with a non-uniform heat sink/source and homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions. In addition, the energy equation is constructed using the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux concept. By making use of appropriate variables, the governing flow models are mutated into a system of ordinary differential equations. These reduced equations are analytically and numerically computed by homotopy analysis method (HAM) and the bvp4c scheme. The brief discussion and visual depiction of the dominance of different factors on x- and y-direction velocities, thermal, nanoparticle concentration (NPC), surface drag coefficients, and local Nusselt number are presented in tables and figures. The growth of the Forchheimer number leads to a noticeable enrichment in the velocity profile in both directions. When the nanoparticle’s volume fraction and space-dependent heat source/sink parameters are increased, the thermal profile gets better. The NPC profile exhibits suppression as the intensity of both heterogeneous and homogeneous responses rises.
Order-Induced Bifurcation Analysis for a Three-Species Prey–Predator Model with Fear Effect under Fractional PD Control
Authors: Wang Yangling , Huang Chengdai , Cao Jinde
Published: August 2024

This paper aims to investigate the stability and Hopf bifurcation for a three-species prey–predator model with Holling type-II and type-III functional responses under fractional Proportional–Derivative (PD) control. The prey’s fear of the middle predator and the super predator as well as gestation delay is also incorporated in our proposed model for its wider applicability. Based on the stability theorem of linear system, Hopf bifurcation theorem and implicit function array solution method, some sufficient order-induced bifurcation conditions are given. The application and effectiveness of the presented theoretical results are illustrated through a simulation example. Especially, the impact of the feedback control gains as well as the fear effect on the stability and Hopf bifurcation is explored.
Polarization effects on PPLN waveguide: Supercontinuum, second harmonic, and dispersive wave generations
Authors: Wang Lingfang , Gao Rui , Zhai Mingyue , Tang Tianyou , Hu Zhefeng , Lu Juanjuan
Published: August 2024

Periodically poled thin film lithium niobate waveguide-based supercontinuum generation was measured to be sensitively dependent on input polarization orientation, which has not been much explored. Experimentally more than two octaves supercontinuum was generated, and the effects of pump power and polarization on supercontinuum generation, second harmonic generation and short-wavelength dispersive wave were mapped from 450–1,750[Formula: see text]nm. Specifically, we identify parameters for the simultaneous second-harmonic and dispersive wave generation near 780[Formula: see text]nm and 1,000[Formula: see text]nm, which allows for the [Formula: see text] detection, and shows promises for the optical atomic clock and optical frequency referencing.
Interaction of solitons with inhomogeneous defects in nonlocal nonlinear media
Authors: Al-Marzoug S. M.
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we investigated the scattering behavior of solitons in nonlocal, nonlinear Kerr media with inhomogeneous defects by combining a variational approach with numerical simulations. Our extensive numerical simulations confirm the predictions made using the variational approach and demonstrate the robustness of the analytical model, allowing further exploration of soliton dynamics in complex media. The model correctly considers the key physics of defect–soliton interactions and exposes the conditions under which soliton trapping, reflection and transmission can be controlled for applications such as optical data processing and information transmission. Our results provide a new, in-depth understanding of soliton dynamics in general.
Quantification and Sensitivity Analysis of the Model Uncertainty in the Projectile-Barrel Coupled Artillery Dynamics System Based on Random Matrix Theory
Authors: Guo Chengyuan , Wang Liqun , Yang Guolai , Wu Qingle , Wang Zongfan
Published: August 2024

Simplifications in the engineering of artillery firing dynamics modeling introduce model uncertainty, which seriously affects the model’s predictive performance. To this end, a typical variable-section hollow cylindrical cantilever beam structure in artillery firing dynamics is investigated in this paper. The statistical approximation methods quantify parameter and model uncertainty separately, and their respective confidence intervals were calculated and compared. The results show that the traditional parameter uncertainty approach overestimates the parameter uncertainty ranges, and introducing the model uncertainty approach dramatically improves the model prediction performance. Additionally, a projectile-barrel coupled artillery dynamics model considering model uncertainty is established, and its effectiveness is validated through the actual launch experiments. The sensitivity of the dynamic responses to the system matrix, namely model uncertainty, is further analyzed. This paper provides theoretical references for the study of uncertainty in artillery launch dynamics and proposes effective methods to enhance the predictability of computational models for complex structural systems.
Inhomogeneous Hopf bifurcation and stability in a two-competing-prey and one-predator model with cross-diffusion
Authors: Tian Qiaoyu
Published: August 2024

Spatial and temporal pattern formations of interacting species in ecological and chemical systems have become a central object of research in recent decades. We consider a two-competing-prey and one-predator Lotka–Volterra reaction–diffusion model. We first establish the sufficient conditions for the global attractivity of positive constant equilibrium solution. Then by taking cross-diffusion coefficients as the bifurcation parameter, we show that our model undergoes an inhomogeneous Hopf bifurcation around the positive constant equilibrium solution when the bifurcation parameter is varied through critical values. Furthermore, we prove that these inhomogeneous bifurcating periodic solutions are stable when diffusion coefficients lie in suitable ranges. A common feature in the most existing research work is that the bifurcation factor that induces Hopf bifurcation appears in the reaction terms rather than diffusion terms. We show that the inhomogeneous Hopf bifurcation can be triggered by the effect of cross-diffusion factors. Our results demonstrate that cross-diffusion plays a crucial role in the formation of spatially inhomogeneous periodic oscillatory patterns.
Electrical Stimulation: Enhancing Axonal Growth following Peripheral Nerve Injury
Authors: HOROWITZ Roy S. , RANDALL Zachary D. , DY Christopher J.
Published: August 2024

Electrical stimulation has been integrated in recent decades into rehabilitation protocols following neuromuscular injuries. Existing literature supports the utilisation of prolonged or continuous stimulation generated by implantable or transcutaneous devices for chronic pain subsidence and muscle trophism maintenance, which improve outcomes following microsurgical interventions. Newer uses include brief electrical stimulation for peripheral nerve injury. Brief electrical stimulation has shown promise in expediting regeneration of both torn and crushed nerve axons in the murine model and has been incorporated into a limited number of clinical studies. Augmentation of the natural response of an injured peripheral nerve by electrical stimulation has the potential to accelerate regeneration, presumably leading to improved function and clinical outcomes. We review the existing literature on intraoperative utilisation of electrical stimulation to enhance regeneration, such as neural mechanisms of action and their microscopic effect in animal models, as well as results from initial human studies.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
DELM: Deep Ensemble Learning Model for Anomaly Detection in Malicious Network Traffic-based Adaptive Feature Aggregation and Network Optimization
Authors: Ahmed Mukhtar , Chen Jinfu , Akpaku Ernest , Sosu Rexford Nii Ayitey , Latif Ajmal
Published: August 2024

With the rapid advancements in internet technology, the complexity and sophistication of network traffic attacks are increasing, making it challenging for traditional anomaly detection systems to analyze and detect malicious network attacks. The increasing advancedness of cyber threats calls for innovative approaches to identify malicious patterns within network traffic precisely. The primary issue lies in the fact that these approaches do not focus on the essential adaptive features of network traffic. We proposed an effective anomaly detection system for malicious network traffic attacks called the Deep Ensemble Learning Model (DELM). We leverage the structure of the Feedforward Deep Neural Network (FDNN), and Deep Belief Network (DBN), incorporating multiple hidden layers with non-linear activation functions. Integrating Adaptive Feature Aggregation (AFA) with the FDNN algorithm dynamically adjusts the feature aggregation process based on incoming traffic characteristics to improve adaptability. The Conditional Generative Network was employed to enhance DELM for generating data for minority classes. To improve the model’s accuracy, we applied batch normalization and data augmentation techniques for preprocessing, utilized n-gram, one-hot encoding, and feature aggregation methods for effective feature extraction. This study significantly contributes to network security by enhancing systems for detecting malicious network traffic. With its interpretability and adaptability, our proposed model shows promise in addressing the evolving cyber threat and fortifying critical network infrastructure. The experimental results demonstrate that our model performs with higher stability than the existing state-of-the-art detection approaches, as reflected by its higher accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC-ROC.
An Efficient Approach for Improving Message Acceptance Rate and Link Utilization in Time-Sensitive Networking
Authors: Jiang Junqiang , Jin Shengjie , Sun Zhifang , Duan Jinxue , Liu Lizhi , Pan Li , Peng Zebo
Published: August 2024

Time-sensitive networking (TSN) is an emerging technology widely used in real-time systems for its high bandwidth and deterministic timing properties. To ensure the deterministic transmission of Time-triggered (TT) messages, a guard band mechanism is employed to prevent interference from other messages, such as Audio-Video Bridging (AVB) and Best-effort (BE) messages, before transmitting the TT messages in TSN. However, this mechanism introduces transmission delays for non-TT messages and bandwidth wastes for the physical links. Another challenge arises from the default First-in-first-out (FIFO) order of incoming messages, resulting in a relatively low acceptance rate for non-TT messages. To address these issues, a hybrid scheduling algorithm based on the min-heap structure (HSMH) is proposed. For AVB messages, HSMH sorts them in ascending style on the basis of deadlines, guaranteeing the earliest deadline message to be sent first. For BE messages, a threshold is designed to diverge them into two queues: a FIFO queue and a STF (shortest-time-first) queue. The former outputs the messages in a FIFO style, while the latter outputs messages in a STF style. All the output order of AVB messages and STF-queue messages are arranged in a min-heap structure. The algorithm can efficiently improve the transmission rate of AVB messages, the sending rate of BE messages, and the overall link utilization. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing approaches in all these three aspects.
A Deep Learning Model for Cross-Domain Serendipity Recommendations
Authors: Fu Zhe , Niu Xi , Wu Xiangcheng , Rahman Ruhani
Published: August 2024

Serendipity means unexpected discoveries that are valuable, with positive outcomes ranging from personal benefits to scientific breakthroughs. This study proposes a cross-domain recommendation model, called
SerenCDR
, to model serendipity.
SerenCDR
leverages the knowledge beyond one domain as well as mitigates the inherent data sparsity problem in serendipity recommendations. The novelty of
SerenCDR
lies in the fact that it is the first deep learning-based cross-domain model for a serendipity task. More importantly, it does not rely on any overlapping users or overlapping items across different domains, which especially fits for the task of recommending serendipity, because serendipity in a single domain tends to be sparse; finding overlapping users or overlapping items in other domains are nearly impossible. To train and test
SerenCDR
, we have collected a two-domain ground truth dataset on serendipity, called
SerenCDRLens
. In addition, since we found that serendipity is sparse in
SerenCDRLens
, we designed an auxiliary loss function to supplement the main loss function to enhance serendipity learning. Through a series of experiments, we have harvested positive performance in recommending serendipity, empowering users with increased chances of bumping into unexpected but valuable discoveries.
Nutritional Mechanisms of Cancer Cachexia
Authors: Compton Stephanie L.E. , Heymsfield Steven B. , Brown Justin C.
Published: August 2024

Cancer cachexia is a complex systemic wasting syndrome. Nutritional mechanisms that span energy intake, nutrient metabolism, body composition, and energy balance may be impacted by, and may contribute to, the development of cachexia. To date, clinical management of cachexia remains elusive. Leaning on discoveries and novel methodologies from other fields of research may bolster new breakthroughs that improve nutritional management and clinical outcomes. Characteristics that compare and contrast cachexia and obesity may reveal opportunities for cachexia research to adopt methodology from the well-established field of obesity research. This review outlines the known nutritional mechanisms and gaps in the knowledge surrounding cancer cachexia. In parallel, we present how obesity may be a different side of the same coin and how obesity research has tackled similar research questions. We present insights into how cachexia research may utilize nutritional methodology to expand our understanding of cachexia to improve definitions and clinical care in future directions for the field.
New Electrochemical Approach for Synthesis of Nanoporous Silver
Authors: Lei Zhen , Mull Ksenya , Dimitrov Nikolay
Published: August 2024

Cu-Ag alloy films were electrodeposited on Au substrates to serve as precursor alloys for synthesizing finely-structured nanoporous Ag (NPS) structures. Two innovative approaches, surface limited redox replacement (SLRR) and defect mediated growth (DMG) along with overpotential deposition (OPD), were comparatively utilized to fabricate Cu-Ag alloy films. The electrolyte for these novel approaches contained Pb2+ ions to serve either as a sacrificial metal to be replaced by the co-depositing Cu and Ag (in SLRR) or as mediating metal to facilitate the 2D growth of both alloy constituents (in DMG). The resulting alloy films from both approaches displayed superior uniformity and miscibility compared to the OPD alloy, as evidenced by electrochemical scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction characterization routines. In a subsequent step, NPS structures were generated through the de-alloying of as-deposited Cu-Ag alloys, as illustrated by SEM imaging that revealed ligament and pore sizes with a thickness in the ballpark of 40 nm. Also, surface area measurements done by a Pb underpotential deposition assay suggested a surface enhancement ratio nearly five times higher than that of flat Ag. Furthermore, various de-alloying potentials were assessed to determine the optimal de-alloying potential for the best outcome of the de-alloying process.
Oxygen-Controlled Electrocatalysis for Selective Dechlorination of 2-Chloro-5-Trichloromethyl Pyridine on Activated Ag Electrode
Authors: Zhao Zhefei , Zhang Linlin , Chen Minghao , Yu Ruopeng , Yao Xuyao , Xu Yinghua , Chu Youqun , Mao Xinbiao , Zheng Huajun
Published: August 2024

Electrochemical selective dechlorination can be regarded as one of the most promising strategies for generating high-valued chemicals. In the electrochemical dechlorination process of 2-chloro-5-trichloromethylpyridine (TCMP), except the anticipated dechlorination products involving 2-chloro-5-dichloromethylpyridine (DCMP), 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine (CCMP), and 2-chloro-5-methylpyridine (CMP), some unexpected oxygen-incorporated products (6-chloronicotinic acid (CNA) and 6-chloronicotinoyl methyl ester (MCN)) can be obtained. Consequently, understanding the electrochemical dechlorination behavior of TCMP is crucial. Our research revealed that the activated Ag electrodes in halide ion solution exhibit enhanced electrochemical activities for electrochemical dechlorination of TCMP, compared with the pure Ag owing to the increased active specific surface areas and charge transfer. Second, oxygen participation in the reaction is a necessary condition for the formation of oxygen-incorporated products. A 100% selectivity of oxygen-incorporated products can be obtained at the potential of −0.6 V vs Ag/AgCl. Conversely, insufficient oxygen may lead to the potential becoming the determining condition that affects the reaction pathways. A more negative potential (−1.2 V vs Ag/AgCl) is conducive to the formation of dechlorination products with 94.2% conversion and 100% selectivity. This study, for the first time, elucidates the electrocatalyst, atmosphere, and potential-dependent activity and selectivity for the two dechlorination pathways of TCMP.
A novel method for determining ventilatory and gas exchange dynamics during exercise: the “chirp” waveform
Authors: Girardi Michele , Roman Michael A. , Porszasz Janos , Stringer William W. , Rennard Stephen , Ferguson Carrie , Rossiter Harry B. , Casaburi Richard
Published: August 2024

We investigated the ability of a novel waveform to extract exercise ventilatory and gas exchange dynamics. In the chirp waveform, work rate fluctuates sinusoidally with constant amplitude as sinusoidal period decreases progressively over 30 min of exercise. In a study of 31 healthy individuals and patients with COPD, comparison of exercise dynamics derived from chirp to those from stepwise waveforms suggests that the chirp waveform is a promising method for derivation of exercise response dynamics.
China Crude Oil Futures Volatility Forecasting Using LSTM Model with Optimal Noise Decomposition
Authors: Jiang Wei , Tang Wanqing , Liu Huizhi , Zhou Yilin , Liu Xiao
Published: August 2024

The long short‐term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network algorithm in deep learning has demonstrated significant superiority in predicting the realized volatility (RV) of crude oil prices. However, there is no robust and consistent conclusion regarding the handling of microstructural noise from high‐frequency data during the prediction process. Therefore, this study utilizes six commonly used data decomposition methods, as documented in the literature, to address the issue of noise handling and decompose the RV series of Chinese crude oil futures. Subsequently, LSTM is integrated with the decomposed data to model and forecast RV. The empirical findings provide compelling evidence that the LSTM model based on neural networks outperforms traditional econometric models in out‐of‐sample forecasting. Furthermore, the LSTM model with data noise decomposition consistently exhibits superior out‐of‐sample prediction performance compared to the model without noise decomposition. Among the various data noise decomposition models examined, this study highlights the significant out‐of‐sample predictive power of variational mode decomposition (VMD), a nonrecursive signal decomposition method, that outperforms other methods. In the scenario of predicting one step ahead, the VMD‐LSTM model demonstrates MAE, MSE, and HMAE values of 7.5 × 10 − 2,  1.10 × 10 − 4, and 0.423, respectively.
A Study of an Anomaly Detection System for Small Hydropower Data considering Multivariate Time Series
Authors: Yang Bo , Lyu Zhongliang , Wei Hua
Published: August 2024

Data anomaly detection in small hydropower stations is an important research area because it positively affects the reliability of optimal scheduling and subsequent analytical studies of small hydropower station clusters. Although many anomaly detection algorithms have been introduced in the data preprocessing stage in various research areas, there is still little research on effective and highly reliable anomaly detection systems for practical applications in small hydropower stations. Therefore, this paper proposes a real‐time data anomaly detection system for small hydropower clusters (RDADS‐SHC) considering multiple time series. It addresses the difficulties of timely detection, alerting, and management of real‐time data anomalies (errors, omissions, and so on) in existing small hydropower stations. It proposes a real‐time data anomaly detection algorithm for small hydropower stations integrated with the Z‐score and dynamic time warping, which can detect and process abnormal information more accurately and efficiently, thereby improving the stability and reliability of data sampling. The paper proposes a Keepalived‐based hot‐standby RDADS‐SHC deployment model with m (m ≥ 2) units. It can automatically remove and restart faulty services and switch to their standbys, which significantly improve the reliability of the proposed system, ensuring the safe and stable operation of related functional services. This paper can detect anomalous data more accurately, and the system is more stable and reliable in a cluster detection environment. The actual operation has shown that compared with existing anomaly detection systems, the architecture and algorithms proposed in this paper can detect anomalous data more accurately, and the system is more stable and reliable in the small hydropower cluster detection environment. It solves abnormal data management in small hydropower stations and provides reliable support for subsequent analysis and decision‐making.
Finite Element Assessment of a Novel Patient‐Specific Mandibular Implant for Severely Atrophic Ridge
Authors: Parhiz Alireza , Nourishirazi Reza , Asadi Amirali , Karimpour Morad
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Dental reconstruction for patients diagnosed with severe mandibular bone atrophy using common dental implants is a challenging process. In such cases, surgeons may encounter challenges such as insufficient available bone, soft tissue, damage to the inferior alveolar nerve, and even the risk of bone fracture. In this study, a new design concept of mandibular patient‐specific implants for severely atrophic ridges followed by finite element evaluation was presented to investigate the mechanical functionality of the concept.

Method: The implant is comprised of two modular parts including an inferior border cover and a horseshoe‐shaped structure. This horseshoe segment fits into the cover and is then screwed to it using two screws on each side. A 1 mm deflection was applied to a reference point located between the two anterior posts to extract the resulting Von Mises stress distribution in each part and the reaction force on the reference point which corresponds to the chewing force that the patient must apply to deform the horseshoe. This 1 mm gap is a design consideration and critical distance that horseshoe contacts the gingiva and disturbs the alveolar nerve.

Results: The results revealed that load was transmitted from the horseshoe to the cover, and there were no stress contours on the body of the mandible. However, stress concentration was observed in screw locations in the mandible, the amount of which was decreased by increasing the number of used screws. In horseshoe, stress concentration values were around 350 MPa, and the measured reaction force on the reference point was just under 200 N.

Conclusion: The finite element analysis results showed that this concept would be functional as the minimum load would be transmitted to the mandibular ridge, and since the patients diagnosed with atrophic ridge are not able to apply load to an amount near 200 N, the horseshoe would not contact the gingiva. Also, it is concluded that increasing the number of bone screw fixations would decrease the risk of long‐term screw loosening.
Supplementary Table 1 from Evaluating the Impact of Race and Ethnicity on Health-Related Quality of Life Disparities in Patients with Esophageal Cancer: A SEER-MHOS National Database Study
Authors: Wu Trudy C. , Farrell Matthew J. , Karimi-Mostowfi Nicki , Chaballout Basil H. , Akingbemi Wisdom O. , Grogan Tristan R. , Raldow Ann C.
Published: August 2024

Multivariate Results comparing Individual Scales from the SF-36®/VR-12 in the Pre-Diagnosis Cohort
Exploiting WEE1 Kinase Activity as FUS::DDIT3-Dependent Therapeutic Vulnerability in Myxoid Liposarcoma
Authors: Heinst Lorena , Lee Kwang Seok , Berthold Ruth , Isfort Ilka , Wosnig Svenja , Kuntze Anna , Hafner Susanne , Altvater Bianca , Rossig Claudia , Åman Pierre , Wardelmann Eva , Scholl Claudia , Hartmann Wolfgang , Fröhling Stefan , Trautmann Marcel
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

The pathognomonic FUS::DDIT3 fusion protein drives myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) tumorigenesis via aberrant transcriptional activation of oncogenic signaling. As FUS::DDIT3 has so far not been pharmacologically tractable to selectively target MLS cells, this study investigated the functional role of the cell cycle regulator WEE1 as novel FUS::DDIT3-dependent therapeutic vulnerability in MLS.

Experimental Design:

Immunohistochemical evaluation of the cell cycle regulator WEE1 was performed in a large cohort of MLS specimens. FUS::DDIT3 dependency and biological function of the G1/S cell cycle checkpoint were analyzed in a mesenchymal stem cell model and liposarcoma cell lines in vitro. WEE1 activity was modulated by RNAi-mediated knockdown and the small molecule inhibitor MK-1775 (adavosertib). An established MLS cell line–based chicken chorioallantoic membrane model was employed for in vivo confirmation.

Results:

We demonstrate that enhanced WEE1 pathway activity represents a hallmark of FUS::DDIT3-expressing cell lines as well as MLS tissue specimens and that WEE1 is required for MLS cellular survival in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacologic inhibition of WEE1 activity results in DNA damage accumulation and cell cycle progression forcing cells to undergo apoptotic cell death. In addition, our results uncover FUS::DDIT3-dependent WEE1 expression as an oncogenic survival mechanism to tolerate high proliferation and resulting replication stress in MLS. Fusion protein–driven G1/S cell cycle checkpoint deregulation via overactive Cyclin E/CDK2 complexes thereby contributes to enhanced WEE1 inhibitor sensitivity in MLS.

Conclusions:

Our preclinical study identifies WEE1-mediated replication stress tolerance as molecular vulnerability in FUS::DDIT3-driven MLS tumorigenesis that could represent a novel target for therapeutic intervention.
Update on Pediatric Cancer Surveillance Recommendations for Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1, Noonan Syndrome, CBL Syndrome, Costello Syndrome, and Related RASopathies
Authors: Perrino Melissa R. , Das Anirban , Scollon Sarah R. , Mitchell Sarah G. , Greer Mary-Louise C. , Yohe Marielle E. , Hansford Jordan R. , Kalish Jennifer M. , Schultz Kris Ann P. , MacFarland Suzanne P. , Kohlmann Wendy K. , Lupo Philip J. , Maxwell Kara N. , Pfister Stefan M. , Weksberg Rosanna , Michaeli Orli , Jongmans Marjolijn C.J. , Tomlinson Gail E. , Brzezinski Jack , Tabori Uri , Ney Gina M. , Gripp Karen W. , Gross Andrea M. , Widemann Brigitte C. , Stewart Douglas R. , Woodward Emma R. , Kratz Christian P.
Published: August 2024

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), Noonan syndrome, and related syndromes, grouped as RASopathies, result from dysregulation of the RAS-MAPK pathway and demonstrate varied multisystemic clinical phenotypes. Together, RASopathies are among the more prevalent genetic cancer predisposition syndromes and require nuanced clinical management. When compared with the general population, children with RASopathies are at significantly increased risk of benign and malignant neoplasms. In the past decade, clinical trials have shown that targeted therapies can improve outcomes for low-grade and benign neoplastic lesions but have their own challenges, highlighting the multidisciplinary care needed for such individuals, specifically those with NF1. This perspective, which originated from the 2023 American Association for Cancer Research Childhood Cancer Predisposition Workshop, serves to update pediatric oncologists, neurologists, geneticists, counselors, and other health care professionals on revised diagnostic criteria, review previously published surveillance guidelines, and harmonize updated surveillance recommendations for patients with NF1 or RASopathies.