bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sejenak Memikirkan Seyyed Hossein Nasr
Authors: Silalahi U. P. Charles
Published: December 2022

Nasr adalah salah satu filosof muslim terbesar yang masih hidup, beberapa sarjana filsafat barat menyandingkan namanya sebagai penerus filosof abad pertengahan seperti Al Farabi, Ibnu Sina, Ibn Rusyd. Otensitas pemikirannya tidak diragukan, ekstensi wawasannya begitu luas dalam melihat spektrum masalah yang beragam. Seyyed Hossein Nasr dilahirkan pada tanggal 7 april 1933 di Teheran, lahir dari keluarga dokter terkenal di Teheran. Ayah dan ibunya mewakili untaian budaya Persia yang beragam dan kaya keunikan (Hans, 2001:3). Nasr adalah anak pertama dari Seyyed Valiallah yang menikah di usia 60 tahun, merupakan tokoh transformasi pendidikan modern di Teheran, seorang professor kedokteran yang khusus mempelajari tradisi pengobatan Islam kuno dari Ibnu Sina (Avicena). Salah satu leluhurnya, Mulla Seyyed Mohammad Taqi Posht-Mashhadi, adalah orang suci Kashan yang terkenal, dan mausoleumnya terletak di sebelah makam raja Safawi Shah 'Abbas, masih dikunjungi peziarah sampai dengan hari ini. Selama beberapa generasi secara turun temurun keluarganya terlibat dalam sufisme (Islamic mysticism) (Hans, 2001:4). Seperti pada umumnya keluarga muslim kelas menengah di Teheran, Nasr dilahirkan dari gabungan modernitas barat dengan tradisionalisme budaya Teheran yang beragam, dikemudian hari Nasr menulis tentang Knowledge and Sacred dilatarbelakangi oleh keadaan keluarga nya yang mengadopsi dua pandangan antara tradisionalisme sufisme (Islamic mysticism) dan modernitas pendidikan Barat (western well-educated).
STABILITAS SISTEM KEUANGAN ( SSK ) DAN STABILITAS MONETER
Authors: Sugiatni Evi
Published: December 2022

SSK merupakan sebuah sistem yang di berkasai oleh BI dan juga Bank Syariah. Sehingga dalam hal ini apabila Bank Syariah berjalan sesuai Syariah yang telah ditetapkan dengan cara menggunakan dan memanfaatkan akad tabarru’ dan tijarah maka SSK dapat menjaga stabilitas keuangan. Dan jika Lembaga Keuangan mampu dalam mengelolah uang atau dananya dengan baik dan tepat, maka dapat menumbuh kembangkan sektor rill yang lebih produktif. Sehingga ketika Lembaga Keuangan seperti Perbankan Syariah tidak dapat mengelolah uangnya dengan baik maka akan membuat suatu lembaga itu tidak likuid. Baik itu Bank Konvensional Maupun Bank Syariah ketika ada nasabah yang akan mengajukan sebuah pembiayaan maka harus memenuhi beberapa persyaratan yaitu berupa memberikan jaminan dan memberikan Laporan Keuangannya yang minimal dua tahun terakhir. Dengan begitu mereka dapat menentukan pembiayaan yang akan diberikan. Sistem Keuangan akan lebih berkembanag dengan cepat melebihi perkembangan di bidang sektor rill. Hal ini dikarenakan penggunaan sistem yang di pakai adalah sistem konvensional sehingga ketika sektor rill mengajukan dana maka sistem keuangan akan memiliki keuntungan yang dua kali lipat dari keuntungan atau Profit yang di dapatkan oleh sektor rill itu sendiri.
PPT PENANAMAN NILAI ANTI KORUPSI DI KALANGAN GENERASI MUDA SEBAGAI AGEN PEMBAWA PERUBAHAN
Authors: Adiba Vara
Published: December 2022

Dengan pendidikan dan pemahaman yang tepat tentang nilai-nilai moral, etika, dan hukum, generasi muda dapat dipimpin untuk menjadi agen pembaruan bagi masyarakat. Penting untuk memberikan nilai-nilai yang dapat diterapkan pada generasi muda agar mereka lebih anti korupsi. Tujuan dari pembuatan artikel ini adalah memberi edukasi kepada masyarakat khususnya para generasi muda untuk menjauhi segala tindakan korupsi dengan menanamkan nilai-nilai anti korupsi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penyusunan artikel ini adalah telaah literatur review, sumber data pustaka diperoleh dari google schoolar. Hasil telaah literatur review menunjukkan bahwa penanaman nilai kejujuran, peduli, kemandirian, disiplin, tanggung jawab, kerja keras, kesederhanaan dan keadilan dapat mengurangi tindakan korupsi. Ke depannya hasil telaah ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengedukasi para generasi muda sebagai ahen pembawa perubahan agar dapat menjauhi segala bentuk tindakan korupsi serta dapat diimplikasikan di bidang pendidikan karakter.
Mitigating catches of endangered sharks species in small-scale fisheries: a case study on pelagic thresher sharks (Alopias pelagicus Nakamura, 1935) in the eastern Indian Ocean
Authors: Ichsan Muhammad , Ula Shoimatul , Booth Hollie , Herman  , Dharmadi
Published: December 2022

Many shark species (Class Chondrichthyes) are threatened with extinction due to overfishing. Of the >1,000 described Chondrichthyan species, the pelagic thresher sharks (Alopias pelagicus) are of particular conservation priority since they are evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered. As the world’s largest shark fishing nation, with particularly high catch rates of thresher sharks, the impact of Indonesian fisheries has become a global priority for thresher shark conservation. Therefore, baseline data is needed to inform management and implement international environmental agreements such as the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES). This research provides data and management recommendations for small-scale targeted shark fishing in Western Indonesia, where thresher sharks are regularly caught. Yet, fisheries are data-poor, with limited information on catch rates and limited regulation in place. Daily landings data was recorded from June 2019 to December 2020 in two sites in Southwest Aceh, and analysed to explore catch patterns, risk factors for thresher sharks, and potential mitigation options. The results show that 25 wooden vessels of <30 Gross Tonnage (GT) use bottom longlines to target sharks in the Indian Ocean. A total of 109 pelagic thresher individuals were recorded during the study period, with a female-skewed sex ratio (1 Female vs 0.39 Male), presumably impacting the population's reproductive potential. Based on this data, we offer some potential management measures to reduce fisheries impacts on pelagic thresher sharks by applying a simple mitigation hierarchy framework. These results offer fisheries management recommendations, including effort limits and gear modifications. Overall, the data we present could contribute to understanding the stock status and exploitation rate of thresher sharks in the Indian Ocean and support CITES implementation in Indonesia. At the same time, the mitigation hierarchy approach and recommendations could be applied to other similar small-scale fisheries in Indonesia and globally
Boosting self-regulated learning with mobile interventions: Planning and prompting help children maintain a regular study routine
Authors: Breitwieser Jasmin , Nobbe Lea , Biedermann Daniel , Brod Garvin
Published: December 2022

Mobile technologies offer new opportunities for encouraging self-regulated learning (SRL) in children. In this pre-registered study, we tested what kind of mobile intervention helps children maintain a regular study routine for vocabulary learning. Study behavior was measured objectively and with high ecological validity using logfiles of a vocabulary app that the children used. The mobile intervention was delivered via a separate study app and combined two critical components: planning and prompting. Children (N = 130, mean age = 10.75 years) first received a digital instruction on the benefits of distributed practice. Children in the full intervention group also formulated a plan for when and where to learn vocabulary. On about half of the next 36 days (within-subject manipulation), they received prompts reminding them of the instruction and the plan. The comparison groups lacked either the prompting or planning intervention component (between-person manipulation). The results revealed that the reminder prompts increased the likelihood of studying on the day they were given. Planning, in contrast, had a more long-term impact in that it helped children maintain a high frequency of learning over time. Overall, our findings show that mobile interventions can be highly effective in supporting SRL in children. We discuss the results in light of theoretical assumptions about the different mechanisms underlying planning and prompting effects, and highlight the practical importance of finding the optimal frequency of prompting.
Differential expression of histone cluster 2, H2ab in triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2022

Women diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer can benefit neither from endocrine therapy nor from HER2-targeted therapies (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with triple negative breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding histone cluster 2, H2ab, HIST2H2AB, when comparing the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer to normal mammary ductal cells (2). HIST2H2AB was also differentially expressed in bulk tumor in human breast cancer (3). HIST2H2AB mRNA was present at significantly increased quantities in TNBC tumor cells relative to normal mammary ductal cells. HIST2H2AB may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of triple negative breast cancers.
Yoga Uphanisad: Pendekatan Nondualis Vedantik Metafisika Terhadap Tuhan, Alam Dan Sesama
Authors: Silalahi U. P. Charles
Published: December 2022

Yoga adalah kata Sansekerta yang berarti persatuan, mengukuh, atau bergabung, penggabungan yang dimaksud adalah penyatuan unsur mikrokosmos keberadaan di tubuh kita dengan makrokosmos, totalitas alam semesta. Di Barat, yoga sering disebut sebagai teknik pikiran-tubuh dari Asia, biasanya dikategorikan sebagai meditasi dan yoga yang mencakup latihan gerakan dan partisipasi aktif tubuh (Alejandro, 2010:144). Kata Upanishad biasanya diartikan sebagai "duduk di samping". Kata Sansekerta ini dapat dipecah menjadi tiga bagian dan diterjemahkan sebagai "upa" yang berarti dekat, "ni" sebagai turun dan "shad" untuk duduk. Dengan demikian, makna kata tersebut menganugerahkan maksud teks-teks ini untuk secara langsung mentransfer pengetahuan dan kebenaran dari guru kepada siswa. Kumpulan teks Sansekerta yang dikenal sebagai Upanishad dianggap sebagai ajaran langsung yang diterima di kaki para Resi India kuno (yogabasic.com). Isi pokok Upanisad mengkaji banyak konsepsi tentang Tuhan (Brahman), manusia dan atman, awal dan akhir semesta, kematian, karma dan reinkarnasi, juga mimpi. Namun secara umum, isi pokok Upanisad merefleksikan tentang sraddha, dan filsafat Hindu (Segara, 2016, 136).Tradisi yoga berasal dari garis panjang ajaran tertulis yang rumit namun kuat. Sementara Veda dianggap sebagai teks spiritual India yang paling sakral dan berharga, Upanishadlah yang mentransfer kebijaksanaan dasar Weda ke dalam ajaran praktis dan pribadi. Cerita dan pelajaran dalam Upanishad mungkin tampak jauh dan tidak jelas, itu penting bagi seorang yogi yang berdedikasi untuk belajar dan memahami. Ada empat ajaran utama yang membentuk kerangka dan landasan filosofi yoga (yogabasic.com)
Manufacturing system has 5 different facilities could supply both domestic and international orders for jelly beans
Authors: Zhao Ricardo
Published: December 2022

We take the total production time and the total transportation time as generalized costs, and take the efficiency of each unit of production in each factory as the weight to allocate the total order demand among the factories.Then we construct network flow of the whole manufacturing specific process, establish corresponding linear program and solve this problem as Project Management. After calculating linear program in AMPL four times for four location factories, the factory with the longest manufacturing time could be identified and would become the minimum manufacturing time of all locations. Manufacturing cost equals to the sum of the products of one location’s demand and one factory process time.Based on our solving method, the answer of question 2 could be got simultaneously.As for question 3, in order to optimize the time arrangement of all classifier operation of all locations, we manage to minimize classifier time of one location which has longest finish time. Thus, the core of this question is to distribute manufacturing beans with constraints of satisfying orders and lower or equal to the raw materials.After re-allocating demand of question 4, it could be solved with the same methodology of question 1.
PRESENTASI BISNIS DI PERBANKAN SYARIAH
Authors: Nurbaiti
Published: December 2022

Presentasi adalah suatu kegiatan berbicara di hadapan banyak hadirin atau salah satu bentuk komunikasi. Presentasi juga adalah penyampaian suatu materi atau masalah kepada pendengar dan khalayak yang mengikuti presentasi. Pada dasarnya, komunikasi dilakukan haruslah komunikasi yang berjalan secara efektif. Suatu proses dapat dikatakan komunikasi yang efektif apabila informasi yang disampaikan oleh komunikator tidak hanya menambah ilmu pengetahuan penerima, namun juga memberi pengaruh dan melakukan apa yang dikehendaki komunikator. Presentasi bisnis adalah penyampaian informasi mengenal kegiatan bisnis(pengembangan produk, perluasan pasar, pengajuan usul proyek baru dan lain-lain) oleh pembicara kepada audiens yang hadir dalam suatu forum bisnis. Presentasi ini berfungsi untuk menyampaikan informasi dan mempengaruhi dalam pengambilan keputusan bisnis. Presentasi bisnis yang baik akan memberikan dampak yang baik pula bagi lembaga atau instansi yang melakukan presentasi. Oleh karena itu, dalam melakukan presentasi bisnis harus dilakukan persiapan secara matang sehingga tujuan presentasi bisnis yang efektif dan efisien dapat tercapai. Presentasi bisnis sangat penting dalam membantu mengembankan usaha, karena melalui presentasi bisnis kita dapat menjaring para investor. dan menginformasikan pesan pesan bisnis yang akan dilakukan, menyentuh emosi audience atau klien sehingga mereka tertarik dengan produk perusahaan kita atau setidaknya aware dengan adanya perusahaan tersebut
PENANAMAN NILAI ANTI KORUPSI DI KALANGAN GENERASI MUDA SEBAGAI AGEN PEMBAWA PERUBAHAN
Authors: Adiba Vara
Published: December 2022

Dengan pendidikan dan pemahaman yang tepat tentang nilai-nilai moral, etika, dan hukum, generasi muda dapat dipimpin untuk menjadi agen pembaruan bagi masyarakat. Penting untuk memberikan nilai-nilai yang dapat diterapkan pada generasi muda agar mereka lebih anti korupsi. Tujuan dari pembuatan artikel ini adalah memberi edukasi kepada masyarakat khususnya para generasi muda untuk menjauhi segala tindakan korupsi dengan menanamkan nilai-nilai anti korupsi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penyusunan artikel ini adalah telaah literatur review, sumber data pustaka diperoleh dari google schoolar. Hasil telaah literatur review menunjukkan bahwa penanaman nilai kejujuran, peduli, kemandirian, disiplin, tanggung jawab, kerja keras, kesederhanaan dan keadilan dapat mengurangi tindakan korupsi. Ke depannya hasil telaah ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengedukasi para generasi muda sebagai ahen pembawa perubahan agar dapat menjauhi segala bentuk tindakan korupsi serta dapat diimplikasikan di bidang pendidikan karakter.
Computer science and technology : historiography IX (4)
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: December 2022

Wired early articles, 1994-95 (part nine)
Impacts of biomass burning on ecosystem services
Authors: Dinesh G K , Sharma D K , Sinduja Murugaiyan , Sathya Velusamy , Karthika Sangilidurai , Kiruthiga Sangilidurai , Sivasakthivelan Paneerselvam
Published: December 2022

Burning biomass poses a severe concern and is currently a hot topic. In India, about 85–90% of biomass is burned in the field. Burning agricultural crop residue also contributes to the release of various pollutants that are harmful to human health. It also has a negative effect on the many ecosystem services, including those that are regulating, providing, sustaining, and cultural. It impacts pollinators, reduces soil fertility, changes soil structure, and influences how naturally pests and diseases are controlled. It lessens nematode, microbe, earthworm, insect, and pathogen biodiversity. Burning biomass removes nutrients, which has a significant impact on the ecology. Biomass burning removed around 2400, 35, 3.2, 21 and 2.7 kg of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, and sulphur from the soil. The cost to add those nutrients back to the soil using the replacement cost technique is Rs. 30834. The economic benefits of biomass include its usage as a source of energy, biofuel, compost, gasification, and bio-methanation. The effects of burning biomass and the uses of biomass must be understood by all parties involved.
PASAR MONOPOLI
Authors: FADHILAH AISYAH
Published: December 2022

Pasar Monopoli Berasal dari Bahasa Yunani : Monos yaitu satu dan polein yaitu menjual. Pasar monopoli adalah suatu bentuk pasar dimana hanya terdapat satu penjual yang menguasai pasar. Atau bisa juga didefinisikan bahwa pasar monopoli adalah suatu bentuk interaksi antara permintaan dan penawaran yang ditandai oleh adanya satu penjual/produsen dipasar berhadapan dengan permintaan seorang pembeli atau konsumen.
Computer science and technology : historiography IX (5 - 2)
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: December 2022

Wired early issues, 1994-97. / part twelve
Energy, sex and gender: protocols for investigating the research nexus
Authors: Jatkar Harshavardhan , Cedano Karla , Hamilton Ian , Kennard Harry , Fernandez Manuel Martínez , Ricalde Karla , Thomson Harriet , Tomei Julia
Published: December 2022

In response to the scholarly call to do gender in energy policy, practice and research, the purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the existing literature at the nexus of subject areas of energy, sex and gender. We begin this project with the premise that incorporating gender is more than identifying sex-based identities, data, and needs. Moreover, to integrate transversal research beyond silos, we take the first steps towards including literature across multiple disciplines that work with the topics of energy, sex and gender. This systematic literature review aims to provide evidence of the existing knowledge base on the subject, investigate various thematic areas already explored, and identify potential avenues for further research.
Tindakan pemberantasan korupsi seiring kemajuanan teknologi informasi
Authors: IRWANTO JAKA
Published: December 2022

Dalam pemberantasan korupsi terkandung makna penindakan dan pencegahan korupsi, serta ruang untuk peran serta masyarakat - yang seharusnya dapat lebih ditingkatkan dengan adanya perbaikan akses masyarakat terhadap informasi. Teknologi informasi dapat dimanfaatkan untuk perbaikan pelayanan publik sebagai salah satu cara melakukan pencegahan korupsi. Sedangkan di sisi penindakan, (tanpa bermaksud mengesampingkan pro kontra yang terjadi) undang-undang memberi ruang bagi para penegak hukum yaitu Kepolisian, Kejaksaan, dan Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi untuk mendapatkan dan menggunakan informasi elektronik guna memperkuat pembuktian kasus korupsi. Saat ini kita tengah menanti kehadiran Peraturan Pemerintah yang akan mengatur lebih lanjut intersepsi dalam rangka penegakan hukum, sesuai amanah undang-undang.
The Real Value Of Gravity Force
Authors: Singh Pushpendra Pal
Published: December 2022

In the present research it has been found that our traditional method of measurement of gravity force are theoretically and mathematically incomplete , we are using wrong value of gravity force in present time .Force of one kg weight on earth’s surface is not 9.80 Newton as consider today it is 0.0654 N .Newton equation of gravity force work only in one condition in some special condition this equation can not calculate gravity force precisely, Cavendish used wrong methods to determine gravity constant and Earth mass . It is also discovered that gravity frequency is approximately 150 per second.
Citizen and Machine Learning-aided High-resolution mapping of urban heat exposure and stress
Authors: Wang Xuewei , Hsu Angel , Chakraborty TC
Published: December 2022

Through conversion of land cover to more built-up, impervious surfaces, cities are creating hotter environments for urban residents. Existing measurements of heat and heat stress, however, are often insufficient to capture intra-urban variability of exposure. This study provides a replicable method for modeling air temperature, humidity, and heat stress over an urban area, engaging citizens in collecting high-temporal and spatially-resolved air temperature and humidity measurements. We use low-cost, consumer-grade sensors combined with satellite remote sensing data and machine learning to map urban air temperature and humidity over various land-cover classes to understand intra-urban spatial variability of heat at a relatively high resolution (10 meters). Our findings show that individuals may be exposed to higher levels of heat and heat stress than weather station data suggest, and this heat varies according to land cover type, with tree-covered land the coolest and built-up areas the warmest, and time of day, with higher temperatures observed during the early afternoon. Combining our resulting dataset with sociodemographic data, we find an inverse relationship between income and our heat metrics, although the sensitivity of this relationship varies depending on which metric is used. Policymakers and urban planners can use this data to identify areas exposed to high heat and heat stress as a first step to design effective mitigation measures.
Ready to help, no matter what you did: responsibility attribution does not influence compassion in expert Buddhist practitioners
Authors: Fucci Enrico , Abdoun Oussama , Baquedano Constanza , Lutz Antoine
Published: December 2022

Within western social psychology and neuroscience, compassion is described as being conditioned by cost-benefit appraisals, such as the attribution of responsibility for the causes of suffering. Buddhist traditions maintain the possibility of cultivating and embodying unconditioned and universal forms of compassion. Whereas a growing body of empirical literature suggest that Buddhist-inspired compassion-based programs foster prosociality and well-being in healthy and clinical populations, there is no evidence that such compassionate disposition toward others can become unconditioned from moral judgement. To address this question, we collected and integrated self-report and behavioural data from expert Buddhist practitioners and trained novices using a previously validated within-subject experiment that manipulates contextual information to influence moral judgement towards suffering scenarios, and a newly designed approach-avoidance task. We found that context manipulation impacted responsibility and blame attribution in both groups and that experts’ reported willingness to help was higher and less influenced by context, compared to novices. Partial correlation networks highlighted a negative relationship between blame attribution and willingness to help in novices, but not in expert practitioners. Self-reported willingness to help was correlated to reaction times when approaching suffering stimuli. Approach behaviour was modulated by context in novice, but not in experts. This study provides initial evidence of a dissociation between moral attributions and prosocial attitude in expert Buddhist practitioners and challenges established evolutionary accounts of compassion in western psychology.
Representations within the intraparietal sulcus distinguish numerical tasks and formats
Authors: Koch Griffin , Libertus Melissa , Fiez Julie , Coutanche Marc N
Published: December 2022

How does our brain understand the number five when it is written as an Arabic numeral, and when presented as five fingers held up? Four facets have been implicated in adult numerical processing: semantic, visual, manual, and phonological/verbal. Here, we ask how the brain represents each, using a combination of tasks and stimuli. We collected functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from adult participants while they completed our novel “four number code” (4NC) paradigm. In this paradigm, participants viewed one of two stimulus types to tap into the visual and manual number codes, respectively. Concurrently, they completed one of two tasks to tap into the semantic and phonological/verbal number codes, respectively. Classification analyses revealed that neural codes representing distinctions between the number comparison and phonological tasks were generalizable across format (e.g., Arabic numerals to hands) within IPS, AG, and precentral gyrus. Neural codes representing distinctions between formats were generalizable across tasks within visual areas such as fusiform gyrus and calcarine sulcus, as well as within IPS. Our results identify the neural facets of numerical processing within a single paradigm, and suggest that IPS is sensitive to distinctions between semantic and phonological/verbal, as well as visual and manual, facets of number representations.
Application of facial Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (fNMES) in psychophysiological research – practical recommendations based on a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Efthimiou Themis Nikolas , Perusquía-Hernández Monica , Elsenaar Arthur , Mehu Marc , Korb Sebastian
Published: December 2022

Facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation (fNMES), which allows for the non-invasive and physiologically sound activation of facial muscles, has great potential for investigating fundamental questions in psychology and neuroscience, such as the role of proprioceptive facial feedback in emotion induction and emotion recognition, as well as for clinical applications, such as alleviating depression symptoms. However, despite illustrious origins in 19th century work of Duchenne de Boulogne, the practical application of fNMES remains largely unknown to researchers in psychology and human physiology. In addition, published studies vary dramatically in use and reporting of parameters, such as stimulation frequency, amplitude, duration, and electrode size. Because fNMES parameters impact the comfort and safety of volunteers, as well as its physiological (and psychological) effects, it is of paramount importance to establish recommendations of good practice. Here, we provide an introduction to fNMES, a systematic review of the existing literature focusing on stimulation parameters used, and we offer recommendations on how to safely and reliably deliver fNMES. In addition, we provide a free webpage, allowing to easily verify and compare the safety of fNMES parameters based on current density. As an example of a potential application, we focus on the use of fNMES for the investigation of the facial feedback hypothesis.
Neuroimaging the effects of smartphone (over-)use on brain function and structure – a review on the current state of MRI-based findings and roadmap for future research
Authors: Becker Benjamin , Montag Christian
Published: December 2022

The smartphone represents a transformative device which dramatically changed our daily lives, including how we communicate, work, entertain us, and navigate through unknown territory. Given its ubiquitous availability and impact on nearly every aspect of life, debates on the potential impact of smartphone (over-)use on the brain and if smartphone use can be “addictive” have increased over the last years. During the last years the number of studies that employed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to characterize associations between individual differences in excessive smartphone use and variations in brain structure and function has strongly increased and it is now an opportune time to summarize and critically reflect upon the available studies. Following this overview, we present a roadmap for future research to improve our understanding of how excessive smartphone use can impact upon the brain, mental health, and cognitive and affective functions. Keywords: smartphone, smartphone use disorder, problematic smartphone use, smartphone addiction, internet, internet addiction, MRI, review, brain, fMRI, mental health
Development of prosocial behavior and inhibitory control in late childhood: A longitudinal exploration of sex differences and reciprocal relations
Authors: Ferschmann Lia , Overweg Ingrid , Dégeilh Fanny , Bekkhus Mona , Havdahl Alexandra , von Soest Tilmann , Tamnes Christian K.
Published: December 2022

This study examined longitudinal development of prosocial behavior, assessed by the parent-reported Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire, and inhibitory control, measured by the Opposite Worlds Task, in a sample aged 9 and 12 years (n=9468, 49,9% girls, 85.8% White) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. The goal was to assess whether the level of prosocial behavior at age 9 relates to change in inhibitory control, and vice versa. Sex differences were also explored. Latent change score models showed that low inhibitory control in boys at age 9 was associated with more decreases in prosocial behavior from 9 to 12 years of age. This may suggest that interventions targeting inhibitory control in boys may also foster their social competence.
Negative Expressions are Shared more on Twitter for Public Figures than for Ordinary Users
Authors: Schöne Jonas , Garcia David , Parkinson Brian , Goldenberg Amit
Published: December 2022

Social media users tend to produce content that contains more positive than negative emotional language. However, negative emotional language is more likely to be shared. To understand why, research has thus far focused on psychological processes associated with the content of tweets. In the current study, we investigate if the content producer influences the extent to which their negative content is shared. More specifically, we focus on a group of users that are central to the diffusion of content on social media – public figures. We found that an increase in negativity was associated with a stronger increase in sharing for public figures compared to ordinary users. This effect was explained by two user characteristics, the number of followers (and strength of ties), and proportion of political tweets. The results shed light on whose negativity is most viral, allowing future research to develop interventions aimed to mitigate overexposure to negative content.
ClusterCirc: Finding item clusters for circumplex instruments
Authors: Weide Anneke Cleopatra , Kuhl Tobias , Beauducel André
Published: December 2022

We introduce ClusterCirc, a new method that finds item clusters for circumplex instruments as an alternative to conventional cluster analysis. When developing circumplex instruments, sorting items into subscales can be difficult because of the intended conceptual overlap of subscales in the circular model. ClusterCirc provides a statistical solution for sorting items into subscales by finding item clusters with optimal circumplex spacing of both items and clusters. In a simulation study, we found that ClusterCirc outperformed conventional cluster analysis in revealing circumplex clusters, especially for large within-cluster distances between items. Sorting accuracy was greater, and effects of data complexity and sample size were more stable in ClusterCirc than in conventional cluster analysis. We also found strong support for ClusterCirc in empirical circumplex data. ClusterCirc sorting resulted in subscales with good scale properties and greater circumplex fit than the original subscales and subscales based on cluster analysis. We recommend a sample size between n = 500 and 1,000 to ensure high sorting accuracy of ClusterCirc. We provide an R package for ClusterCirc (https://github.com/ancleo/ClusterCirc) with two main functions: ClusterCirc-Data (cc_data) performs ClusterCirc on empirical data. ClusterCirc-Simu (cc_simu) performs a tailored simulation study with the specifications of the data under the assumption of perfect circumplex spacing to assess circumplex fit of the data. We also provide the corresponding SPSS codes for ClusterCirc (https://github.com/ancleo/ClusterCirc_SPSS).
Does dispositional preference for solitude predict better psychological outcomes during times of social distancing? Beliefs and reality
Authors: Ren Dongning , Stavrova Olga , Evans Anthony M
Published: December 2022

Objective. People value solitude for themselves. Yet little is known about how people perceive dispositional preference for solitude in others. Does dispositional preference for solitude represent a protective factor from psychological distress during times of social distancing? And do laypeople have accurate beliefs about the role of preference for solitude? Method. To answer these questions, we conducted four studies (three preregistered, Ntotal = 1,418) at the early and a later stage of the COVID-19 pandemic using experimental, longitudinal, and experience sampling designs. Results. People expected targets with a higher solitude preference to be more resilient (e.g., less lonely, more satisfied with life) during social distancing, and consequently prioritize them less when allocating supportive resources for maintaining social connections (Studies 1 & 2). Compared to these beliefs, the actual difference between individuals with higher versus lower solitude preference was smaller (Study 2) or even negligible (Study 3). Did people form more calibrated beliefs two years into the pandemic? Study 4 suggested no. Conclusions. Together, these studies show that people overestimate the role of preference for solitude in predicting others’ psychological experience. As a result, solitude seeking individuals may miss out on supportive resources, leading to higher risks for mental health issues.
Transecting security: The role of state peripheries through the lens of the oligopoly of violence
Authors: Toubol Benjamin
Published: December 2022

This article introduces the oligopoly of violence, a growing niche in which non-state armed actors venture into fragile states to seek and maintain legitimacy and to protect their constituency. This review asserts that in response to the risk of post-conflict fragmentation, regimes voluntarily sacrifice their monopoly by developing a controlled oligopoly. It links critical security studies and theories of legitimacy to theorize the relationship between the state and its peripheries to identify some of the principles of inquiry that would inform a new framework of state violence. The Weberian concept of the monopoly on legitimate violence remains through the perceived issues of state-building and legitimacy. The monopoly of violence and state-building processes is informed by various conceptions entrenched in colonial durabilities that produce Eurocentric ideas about how and by whom the state should take its legitimacy. This review presents a conceptual proposal for the challenge of the monopoly of legitimate violence by the superposition of an oligopoly of legitimate violence carried out by peripheral actors. In addition to the small number of researchers from non-Western regions, the topic of oligopoly is either a matter of curiosity or a misconception of post-conflict areas.
Ensuring Decent Work in the Domestic Work Sector: A Gender-Responsive Evaluation of the Maids' Company
Authors: ISST  , Tankha Rukmini
Published: December 2022

The Maids’ Company was set up by Gauri Singh in 2011 in Gurgaon as a social enterprise with the motto ‘service, not servants’, aimed at providing capable and reliable domestic housekeeping services, while attempting a paradigm shift towards ‘professionalisation’ of the labour of domestic workers. Departing from other domestic worker agencies that primarily act as brokers to ensure labour supply of domestic workers for prospective household employers, The Maids’ Company sought to: i. Ensure basic rights, minimum wages and workplace-related benefits for the women domestic workers recruited, trained and placed by them ii. Shift attitudes and behaviours of clients towards providing decent work for domestic workersThe company adopted a number of innovations and gender-responsive strategies during different phases of its operation, with an attempt being made to keep in mind the realities of women workers. For instance, a woman community-based social mobiliser was appointed in the target area of intervention, helping to build trust and expand recruitment among local women by an ‘insider’. During trainings and skilling, besides imparting know-how of technical skills (cooking, cleaning) and soft skills, women were taught to remain alert and report to the Company any instances of sexual harassment/ abuse. The format and facilitation of trainings was conducted to ensure proximity of the training venue to the living settlement of women workers, flexible hours and female trainers. Recognising constraints on women’s time and mobility to attend long, classroom-based trainings, innovations such as ‘Dekho Seekho’—a digital skill-learning platform—was developed by The Maids’ Company that contained videos on cooking, housekeeping and soft skills, and was accessible to workers on their phones at any location. During placement, the Company ensured shuttle service/ travel allowance that covered women workers’ commute to client households; besides insisting on finite duration of shifts not extending into late night hours, the provision of drinking water and safe toilet facilities for women at work. Women community-based supervisors were appointed to handhold newly appointed maids; and attempts were made to place the most vulnerable women
Unbreakable: A beliefs-based theory of rule-breaking in the entrepreneurial context
Authors: Zhang Senlin , O'Connor Peter , Gardiner Elliroma
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTAcademic research largely supports the popular notion that successful entrepreneurs are rule-breakers; that is, individuals who do not follow society's rules and often create their own. However, despite an abundance of research on “rule-breakers”, little is known about the nature of rule-breaking in the entrepreneurial context. What, for example, is rule-breaking in the entrepreneurial context, what causes it, and how does it benefit entrepreneurs? Drawing heavily from theories in cognitive and moral psychology, we develop a conceptual model of rule-breaking in the entrepreneurial context that centres around a novel psychological cognitive construct that we term constructive rule beliefs. We argue that individuals high in constructive rule beliefs are more open than those low in constructive rule beliefs to breaking rules in the presence of various contextual rule-breaking triggers. We also argue that rule-breaking can benefit entrepreneurs and suggest that entrepreneurs with a paradox mindset (i.e., the tendency to accept and embrace competing demands) will reliably benefit from rule-breaking. We discuss the necessity for rule-breaking in the entrepreneurial context and outline several implications of our model for entrepreneurs and policymakers.
Sindroma do Túnel Cárpico em trabalhadora de posto de abastecimento de combustível- um caso clínico
Authors: Pimenta Silvia , Amador Susana , Martinho Teresa , Costa Maria , Pinote Alexandre
Published: December 2022

Introduction Gas stations present several workplace hazards of physical, chemical, ergonomic, biological and psychosocial nature. Repetitive movements, lifting heavy items and poor posture are among the ergonomic hazards, which can lead to various pathologies in the short and long term. Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common work-related diseases, contributing to loss of quality of life and decrease labor productivity. Clinical Case Report The authors describe the case of a 54-year-old female worker, a gas station operator, who developed pain and paresthesia in her right hand. She was observed in Occupational Health medical exam and the diagnostic hypothesis of carpal tunnel syndrome was proposed. After the orthopedic examination, the diagnosis was confirmed with surgery indication, which occurred without complications. Upon returning to work, the occupational disease was participated, being recognized afterwards because the linkage between her pathology and professional activity was confirmed. Discussion/Conclusion With this article we intend to alert to the need of notifying occupational diseases whenever there is an association between the activity and the pathology presented, as well as to emphasize the multiplicity of risk factors existing in gas stations, being essential the implementation of surveillance programs to promote workers’ health. KEYWORDS: Carpal tunnel syndrome, Musculoskeletal diseases, Filling station, Occupational health, Occupational disease.
Influence of ambient relative humidity on horizontal visibility in the two cities of western Nepal having contrasting urban-cum-industrial backgrounds and study of long-term variation
Authors: Kathayat Bhogendra , Chapagain Narayan Prasad , Lamsal Yash Raj
Published: December 2022

Atmospheric visibility, a measure of horizontal distance one can distinctly see with unaided eye, is affected by the scattering and absorption of visible light by the tiny particles (aerosols), or different gases present in the atmosphere. Thus, visibility is commonly considered a proxy for ambient air quality. The long-term trend of visibility may reflect the change in the air quality of a place over the period. In our study, we have analyzed historic climatological data (1977-2020) from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) global hourly archive, for the two cities of west Nepal, namely, Bhairahawa (BWA, 27.506 °N, 83.416 °E) and Surkhet (SKH, 28.6 °N, and 81.617 °E). We have found that both of the synoptic stations exhibited persistent degraded visibility. BWA had poorer visibility conditions (poor air quality) than that of SKH since the beginning of the study period. Since 2014, the ‘annual good day’ (V ≥ 10 km ) at BWA is steadily near 0%, and the ‘annual bad day’ (V < 5 km) is ≈ 60%, suggesting a degraded air quality. Similarly, we observed a notable decline in the 50th percentile of visibility in the mid-1980s at SKH, and a sharp decline of ‘good day’ since 2011. Meteorology modifies the optical properties of aerosol/ gaseous in the atmosphere, thereby, resulting in a change in visibility. In our study, we have investigated the influence of relative humidity (RH) on prevailing visibility. Although the relationship between them exists in both of the stations, it is more distinctly visible at BWA. We observed lower visibility conditions (V ≤ 3 km) occurring at an RH level as low as 50% at BWA. This indicates an abundance of specific hygroscopic aerosols, whose light extinction thresholds are as low. At BWA, the impact of RH is evident during the dry season. In contrast, the threshold value of RH is quite high (80%) at SKH and the relationship is prominent during the wet season. This alarmingly poor air quality at both stations requires a serious concern because of its adverse impact on various sectors like aviation, tourism, and public health.
Distribution of Dust Color Temperature, Planck’s Function, and Dust Mass around PSR J1240-4124
Authors: Chaudhary Ashok , Thapa Bikash , Sodari Tapendra , Chaudhary Keshab , Upadhyay Devendra Raj
Published: December 2022

The dust properties in the interstellar medium play an important role in structure formation and extinction of highenergy radiation. This study performed an investigation of the physical properties like distribution of dust color temperature, Planck’s function, and dust mass of the cavity around the pulsar PSR J1240-4124 in the IRIS and the AKARI surveys. In our study, the dust color temperature in the IRIS survey is found to be in the range of 23.607 ± 0.012 K to 24.342 ± 0.012 K with an offset of 0.735 K. Such low offset temperature indicates that the isolated cavities are in thermal equilibrium. In the case of the AKARI survey, the dust temperature was found to be in the range of 16.123 ± 0.017 K to 18.802 ± 0.017 K with an offset of 2.679 K. The average dust mass in IRIS survey is found to be 2.1 × 10−4 M⊙ and that of the AKARI is 8.1× 10−4 M⊙. The size of the structure in the IRIS map is 14.62 pc × 6.24 pc and that of the AKARI map is 5.80 pc × 0.17 pc. The angle of inclination for the selected cavity region is found to be 73.330° in IRIS and that of AKARI is 110.260° . We have tried to present the relationship among the different physical parameters and compare the results in the IRIS and the AKARI surveys. Our findings are similar to those obtained in previous studies of other cavity structures around pulsars. This confirms the validity of the existing results for a new cavity around PSR J1240-4124.
Editorial Vol.8(1)
Authors: Adhikari Binod
Published: December 2022

No abstract available.
Editorial: Why Free Speech?
Authors: Patel Pragna , Wemyss Georgie , Assiter Alison
Published: December 2022

Many of us struggle to make sense of what is without doubt a deepening global socio-economic and political crisis, and at the heart of this crisis lies an unprecedented and multi-directional assault on freedom of speech. But what is free speech? How should it be exercised and to what ends? These are more difficult questions to navigate in contexts of growing divisions in society, the crises of state governabilities, people’s governmentalities and disparities in power and wealth. Debates about freedom of speech are not new; however, the form they take now seems particularly vindictive and violent. Across the world, we are witness to disturbing moves to curtail free speech in liberal democracies and totalitarian states alike and among left wing as well as right wing movements. As recent events show, free speech is the first casualty of all forms of authoritarianism including religious fundamentalism. And from this flow a range of other crackdowns on civil society and serious human rights violations that cannot be challenged. This is why the debate on freedom of speech has become increasingly urgent.
Disciplining Speech, Violating Rights
Authors: Donmez Pinar E.
Published: December 2022

The article proposes a historical account of the evolution of struggles and debates surrounding freedom of speech in the context of Turkey. The main argument is that violations of freedom of speech cannot be assessed in a manner isolated from the comprehensive remakings of politics, economy and society in the country that configure and reconfigure the contours of ‘(un)acceptability’ and ‘(un)desirability’ of speech in historically specific ways. Therefore, the article challenges mainstream approaches that treat freedom of speech within the allegedly autonomous, abstract and individualised domain of intellect divorced from its material context and situates it within the deep-seated societal transformations that both influence and are influenced by continuously contested governing strategies. After outlining key terms of the debate, the second section provides a historical overview of the evolution of controversies in this field before Justice and Development Party or Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi (AKP) rule. The final section focuses on the specific evolution of the AKP-era governing strategy in its continuities and ruptures from the historically prevalent freedom of speech issues in three domains: labour rights, cultural and political rights, and gender and sexuality.
Women and Online Harassment
Authors: Tripathi Salil
Published: December 2022

The promise of social media platforms on the internet was the creation of a level playing field that would enable users equal access to express themselves online. However, the experience of women journalists and human rights defenders has shown that while they are able to use the medium, they are attacked for expressing unpopular views and threatened with physical violence. This paper looks at cases from the UK, the Philippines, Bangladesh, Pakistan and India, and examines other instances where organised groups have attempted to intimidate women into silence by forcing some to leave social media platforms, and in certain cases to leave the countries where they live. The paper also notes research by Amnesty International and other civil society groups that have shown how toxic the online environment has become. There is also a continuum between online threats and offline violence. Women are also being driven away from other kinds of activity on the internet, including gaming. The paper concludes with a call on social media platforms to regulate the platforms more effectively so that the medium does what it was intended to do – offer space to all voices.