bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in authorship demographics for manuscripts published in endocrine journals - A 70-year analysis
Authors: Jain Arpit , Madan Hritik , Singh Kamaldeep , Agarwal Yash , Midha Bharat , Gulati Shreya , Batra Priyanka , Batra Ankur , Jain Priyanshu , Arora Ipsa , Prabhu Madhav , Arya Shreyas , Chugh Yashasvi , Piplani Shobhit
Published: July 2022

Background 

Over the previous few decades, demographics, gender, and the number of papers published have all changed considerably. One of the fields of medicine that has yet to be extensively investigated is endocrinology. 

 Methods

Journal of Endocrinology and General & Comparative Endocrinology are two landmark journals that publish articles from around the world. Each decade during the 70-year period from 1961 to 2021 has been examined in this study. Funding source, first author – last author gender, their demographics and proportion of papers with at least one female author were the parameters considered while studying each publication. It was predicted that the number of female authors per paper would increase with time, as would the range of degrees held by the authors, demographical variations in authorship, and the funding source. The aim was also to determine the distribution of female first authors and senior authors in endocrinology journals over a 70-year period, as well as to check the gender combinations using the Punnett square.  

Results 

Female initial authors rose from 7% to 29.6% (p<0.0006) between 1961 and 2021, whereas female senior authors rose from 15.6% to 22.2%. Despite women's small contributions to first and senior authors, female participation rose from 17.48% (25/143) to 70% (170/250) between 1961 and 2021. Male-Female and Female-Male combinations rose with Chi-Square = 124.6, (p<0.0001). Europe and the Americas had the most female academic medical contributors (p<0.0001) Regardless of author status, female participation rose from 17.48% in 1961 to 68% in 2021. 

Conclusion  

In papers published in endocrinology journals, there was a rising trend in female contributions to academic medicine. Even with the large growth of female endocrinologists, there is still a disparity in why the increase in female authors is comparably fewer.
A retrospective cohort study on effects of antenatal steroids on respiratory morbidity for term elective caesarean sections in South Asian women
Authors: Jayawardane Madura , Piyadigama Indunil , Chandradeva Uthpala
Published: July 2022

Background

Respiratory distress (RD) is higher among newborns born by caesarean section (CS) compared to vaginal delivery. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists recommend steroid administration for CS prior to 39 weeks. Effectiveness of steroids for neonatal RD at term is inconclusive. The racial differences are yet to be studied.

Methods

A single center retrospective cohort study was conducted in Colombo, Sri Lanka from December 2016 to February 2019. All mothers delivered by CS between 37+0 and 38+6 weeks were included. Mothers with severe maternal hypertension, fetal rhesus sensitization, intrauterine infection, multiple pregnancies and who received steroids at a prior gestation were excluded. Cohort was subdivided according to administration of intramuscular dexamethasone prior to CS. Primary outcomes measured were RD, admissions to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and special care baby unit (SCBU). Neonatal infections and maternal duration of hospital stay were recorded as secondary outcome measures.

Results

560 patients were included. 23.2% of patients received antenatal corticosteroids. Incidence of RD, NICU admissions and SCBU admissions in the study cohort was 10%, 0.9%, and 2.7% respectively. Relative risk for developing RD in the steroid group compared to non-steroid group was 2.67 (95CI 1.64-4.35). 4.6% of the steroid group and 3.3% of the non-steroid group needed to be admitted to the NICU/SCBU (p=0.464). A significantly higher number of babies in the steroid group needed IV antibiotics. The average number of days the mothers were admitted to the hospital was 2.45 days (SD+/- 1.424) for steroid group and 1.4 days (SD+/- 0.856) for the non-steroid group (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

There is a significant increase in the respiratory morbidity in the dexamethasone administered south Asian mothers at term prior to CS. However, this effect has no clinical significance since the admissions to NICU and SCBU were not significantly different.
Bibliometric analysis of the global research trends of Klebsiella studies from 2000-2019
Authors: Idamokoro Emrobowansan Monday , Hosu Yiseyon Sunday
Published: July 2022

Background: Klebsiella are major opportunistic bacteria pathogens known to cause a series of severe nosocomial infections. This study reports the global research outputs of Klebsiella research studies and explores the key areas within Klebsiella research studies.  

Methods: Data in published articles on Klebsiella research studies from 2000 to 2019 were recovered from a scientific data bank known as Web of Science (WoS). Bibliometric tools together with Microsoft Excel 2016 were employed to analyse the top ranked journals, trend topics, title word occurrences, global cited documents, most relevant authors, most relevant countries by corresponding authors, most cited countries, country collaboration networks, title word occurrence, trend topics, most relevant affiliations, and conceptual structural map.  

Results: An aggregate of 6,047 published papers were retreived from Web of Science (WoS) and the analyses showed that Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy was the top journal in research on Klebsiella with an aggregate of 441 published research documents, followed by Jong G, 2009 as the major global cited article with a total of 1339 citations, Li J as the most relevant author with 72 publications, China as the most relevant country by corresponding author with a total of 1,303 articles and the USA as the most cited country with a total of 33,882 citations. Furthermore, the results from the analyses also showed that China was the major country with the highest collaboration network followed by Zhejiang University as the major relevant university with 243 affiliations, Klebsiella as the highest title word with 32% and Enteriobacteriaceae as the major trend topic on Klebsiella research outputs between 2000-2019. 

Conclusion: This current analysis provides qualitative and quantitative assessments of title word occurrences, the foremost ranked journals, utmost cited research articles, and most significant researchers in Klebsiella research for the studied period (2000-2019).
The Bristol Self Harm Register (BSHR) dataset: Linked self-harm register records of the children in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)
Authors: Mummé Mark , Redaniel Theresa , Boyd Andy , Jackson Joni , Mars Becky , Macleod John
Published: July 2022

This data note describes the linking of records of the Bristol Self Harm Register with the cohort of the index children of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC – also known as ‘Children of the 90s’). These records were obtained from the computerised data base maintained by the Bristol Self Harm Register (BSHR). The BSHR is operated out of the two largest NHS trusts in the ALSPAC study catchment area, North Bristol NHS Trust (NBT) based at Southmead Hospital (SMH) in Bristol and the University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust (UHBWT) based at Bristol Royal Infirmary (BRI), also in Bristol. The BSHR database was designed to be populated by staff after an encounter with a patient attending with an indication of self-harm. Some of the information in the BSHR database was self-reported by the patient and was unable to be independently verified. Software syntax was written using STATA (StataCorp LLC, version 17) to convert the original files into a single consistent format in a data base which was reviewed for its potential use in future research. The cleaned BSHR records provide a contemporaneous record of a subset of the ALSPAC cohort over a period of the ALSPAC study in an easily accessible format, which is valuable when other sources of data may be missing.
Musculoskeletal symptoms related to work environment - a report based on survey conducted among computer professionals
Authors: Żyga Justyna
Published: July 2022

Introduction 

Nowadays the computer has become an essential tool used at work in many vocations. Health effects resulting from sitting working are associated with taking the same position for a few hours every day. Although musculoskeletal disorders are widespread worldwide, they are typical for office jobs. Work related musculoskeletal disorders among the IT professionals are a common area of concern.

Aim 

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of various musculoskeletal symptoms among computer workers.

Results and Conclusions 

The survey was completed by 78 participants - 57 men (73,1%) and 21 women. Most participants (42,3%) were aged below 30 years. The musculoskeletal symptoms varied according to affected body area. Within the 7 days preceding the study, a substantial proportion of the participants reported lower back (44,9%), neck (43,6%), or shoulder (33,3%) symptoms. Almost one-quarter (23,1%) of the participants had upper back pain during the same period. Similarly, the same regions were the four most frequently affected in the 12 months preceding the study. Musculoskeletal symptoms were highly prevalent in the current sample. Prevention of the appearance and deterioration of symptoms is possible by following the rules of ergonomics at work with feedback regarding correct posture, frequently changing the position of the body with stretching exercises and taking active breaks.
L’État et les mobilisations de 2011 au Maroc
Authors: Harrami Noureddine , Arfaoui Asmae El
Published: July 2022

La présente étude s’intéresse à la gestion des mobilisations de 2011 au Maroc par l’État. Après une chronologie de ces mobilisations, l’étude expose les principales actions menées par le pouvoir pour contenir ces mobilisations. Elle procède par la suite à une analyse des ressources mobilisées par l’État face au mouvement de contestation de 2011.
Coup d’État vs. Revolution: The Scopes of Regime Change Legitimacy in Ukraine during and after the Euromaidan and before the Annexation of Crimea
Authors: Khumaryan Vahe
Published: July 2022

In this paper a certain theoretical framework of regime change which is considered applicable to the Ukrainian case, will be presented. Then some key interpretations of the Ukrainian regime change, which vary from a legitimate democratic manifestation of the public will to a coup d’état will be evaluated. Finally, the following question will be answered: what kind of different perceptions produce the diverse attitudes to the events in Ukraine? In this part, the Author is going to use discourse analysis and a broader constructivist approach to the problem.
A Subsampling Line-Search Method with Second-Order Results
Authors: Bergou El Houcine , Diouane Youssef , Kunc Vladimir , Kungurtsev Vyacheslav , Royer Clément W.
Published: July 2022

In many contemporary optimization problems such as those arising in machine learning, it can be computationally challenging or even infeasible to evaluate an entire function or its derivatives. This motivates the use of stochastic algorithms that sample problem data, which can jeopardize the guarantees obtained through classical globalization techniques in optimization, such as a line search. Using subsampled function values is particularly challenging for the latter strategy, which relies upon multiple evaluations. For nonconvex data-related problems, such as training deep learning models, one aims at developing methods that converge to second-order stationary points quickly, that is, escape saddle points efficiently. This is particularly difficult to ensure when one only accesses subsampled approximations of the objective and its derivatives. In this paper, we describe a stochastic algorithm based on negative curvature and Newton-type directions that are computed for a subsampling model of the objective. A line-search technique is used to enforce suitable decrease for this model; for a sufficiently large sample, a similar amount of reduction holds for the true objective. We then present worst-case complexity guarantees for a notion of stationarity tailored to the subsampling context. Our analysis encompasses the deterministic regime and allows us to identify sampling requirements for second-order line-search paradigms. As we illustrate through real data experiments, these worst-case estimates need not be satisfied for our method to be competitive with first-order strategies in practice.
Price Frictions and the Success of New Products
Authors: Aparicio Diego , Simester Duncan
Published: July 2022

Price frictions reduce the success of new products and impact retailers’ product assortments.
Personalized Pricing and Distribution Strategies
Authors: Jullien Bruno , Reisinger Markus , Rey Patrick
Published: July 2022

The availability of consumer data is inducing a growing number of firms to adopt more personalized pricing policies. This affects both the performance of, and the competition between, alternative distribution channels, which in turn has implications for firms’ distribution strategies. We develop a formal model to examine a brand manufacturer’s choice between mono distribution (selling only through its own direct channel) or dual distribution (selling through an independent retailer as well). We consider different demand patterns, covering both horizontal and vertical differentiation and different pricing regimes, with the manufacturer and retailer each charging personalized prices or a uniform price. We show that dual distribution is optimal for a large number of cases. In particular, this is always the case when the channels are horizontally differentiated, regardless of the pricing regime; moreover, if both firms charge personalized prices, a well-designed wholesale tariff allows them to extract the entire consumer surplus. These insights obtained here for the case of intrabrand competition between vertically related firms are thus in stark contrast to those obtained for interbrand competition, where personalized pricing dissipates industry profit. With vertical differentiation, dual distribution remains optimal if the manufacturer charges a uniform price. By contrast, under personalized pricing, mono distribution can be optimal when the retailer does not expand demand sufficiently. Interestingly, the industry profit may be largest in a hybrid pricing regime, in which the manufacturer forgoes the use of personalized pricing and only the retailer charges personalized prices.

This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.

Funding: The financial support of the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [Grant Agreement 670494] and of the Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR) [Grant ANITI (ANR Grant 3IA)] and [Grant CHESS ANR-17-EURE-0010] (Investissements d’Avenir program) is gratefully acknowledged.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4437 .
Stable Bounds on the Duality Gap of Separable Nonconvex Optimization Problems
Authors: Kerdreux Thomas , Colin Igor , d’Aspremont Alexandre
Published: July 2022

The Shapley-Folkman theorem shows that Minkowski averages of uniformly bounded sets tend to be convex when the number of terms in the sum becomes much larger than the ambient dimension. In optimization, Aubin and Ekeland show that this produces an a priori bound on the duality gap of separable nonconvex optimization problems involving finite sums. This bound is highly conservative and depends on unstable quantities; we relax it in several directions to show that nonconvexity can have a much milder impact on finite sum minimization problems, such as empirical risk minimization and multitask classification. As a byproduct, we show a new version of Maurey’s classical approximate Carathéodory lemma where we sample a significant fraction of the coefficients, without replacement, as well as a result on sampling constraints using an approximate Helly theorem, both of independent interest.

Funding: A. d’Aspremont acknowledges support from the French government under management of Agence Nationale de la Recherche as part of the “Investissements d’avenir” program [Grant ANR-19-P3IA-0001] (PRAIRIE 3IA Institute), the Machine Learning and Optimisation Joint Research Initiative with the Fonds AXA pour la Recherche and Kamet Ventures, as well as a Google focused award.
Structural Causal Modeling of Managerial Interventions: What If Managers Had Not Intervened by Doing This?
Authors: Lee Gwendolyn K. , Bettis Rich
Published: July 2022

Establishing causality beyond association, influence, or correlation is key to informed managerial decisions and interventions. What-if questions such as “What will happen to firm performance if managers intervene by doing this?” and “What if managers had not done this?” can now be formulated and answered by using the tools of structural causal modeling (SCM). SCM tools contribute a systematic methodology for designing and evaluating managerial interventions. Powered by SCM, researchers can increase the precision in theorizing mechanisms and develop the research designs that facilitate causal identification. As a demonstration of how to apply SCM for advancing theory and research design in strategic management, we study why and how the effect of governance mode on firm performance is transmitted through a reduction in the deviation of managerial decision from theory-based prescription. For example, managers may switch to a governance mode that is consistent with the governance mode prescribed according to transaction cost economics (TCE). The insights arising from SCM inform whether switching governance mode for the purpose of aligning with TCE prescription will improve performance, and, if yes, by how much. Beyond TCE, we point to theory-based prescriptions in strategic management that could benefit from using SCM to probe what-if questions.

Funding: G. K. Lee acknowledges funding from the National Science Foundation, Division of Social and Economic Sciences, Science of Organizations Program [Grant SES1743044].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2022.0169 .
Early Diagnosis of Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma by Random Skin Biopsy
Authors: Sakaguchi Kota , Watari Takashi
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Delayed diagnosis of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is associated with a poor prognosis, making early diagnosis and treatment essential. However, early diagnosis remains challenging.  Case description: Here we present the case of a 75-year-old man with fever of unknown origin, in whom random skin biopsy (RSB) allowed early diagnosis of IVLBCL. Discussion: The usefulness of RSB, which involves incisional skin biopsies of three or more sites that contain subcutaneous fatty tissue, such as the thighs, abdomen and upper arms, has been debated. In cases of suspected IVLBCL, RSB is less invasive than a biopsy of the internal organs.  Conclusion: We suggest that combining RSB with bone marrow examination may facilitate the diagnosis of IVLBCL.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Covre-Sussai Maira , Andrade Fabiana De
Published: July 2022

Apresentação do Dossiê Desafiando Retrocessos: gênero como pauta de enfrentamentos
O CORPO-TERRITÓRIO: FEMINISMOS DECOLONIAIS, SAÚDE E ESTRATÉGIAS DOS MOVIMENTOS DE MULHERES INDÍGENAS NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Santos Fabiane Vinente dos Santos , Ferreira Maria Assunta
Published: July 2022

Este artigo empreende uma análise do movimento de mulheres indígenas, com foco no estado Amazonas, Brasil, e na questão da saúde como bandeira de luta, entre o início do anos 2000 até 2021, a partir das transformações em alguns aspectos metodológicos do movimento, identificando a construção de novas transversalidades e alianças políticas a partir da orientação dos feminismos decoloniais e tecendo reflexões sobre as formas como o movimento de mulheres indígenas tem reformulado suas estratégias para o enfrentamento da agenda de ataque aos povos indígenas em execução pelo governo federal do Brasil. A noção de “corpo-território”, nascida do movimento de mulheres indígenas, é tomada como ponto focal dos debates sobre a indissociação entre as principais ordens de luta das mulheres indígenas: terra e saúde.
pedagogical immediacy, listening, and silent meaning: essayistic exercises in philosophy and literature for early childhood educators
Authors: Johansson Viktor Magne
Published: July 2022

This essay concentrates on philosophizing that happens outside and in addition to planned philosophical discussions, philosophizing that comes alive in practice, that is intensified in children’s encounters with the world, with others, with language, in play. It contemplates how adults, educators and parents encounter children and are affected by children’s philosophical explorations. What is the role of the adult in children’s philosophical questioning? How can we respond to children’s philosophizing? What does it mean to do so? The essay explores philosophical exercises for early childhood educators in a range of examples from literature – memoirs, autobiographies, fiction and works that play in between those. By thinking through these literary examples, it investigates how educators can prepare for philosophical encounters with children through exercises of reading and thinking. In doing so the essay experiments with a form of writing that itself becomes a philosophical exercise. Through the examples and exercises the essay suggests how early childhood educators can train for a pedagogical immediacy that involves listening to the philosophical and existential questioning in children’s play, tantrums, and silences.  The investigations and readings of the examples are not meant to lead to conclusions that can be directly applied in pedagogical practices; neither do they work as arguments for listening or listening in a particular way to children. What we get, and what I am looking for, is rather the experience of working and thinking through these examples.
Memória e história oral: as interações a história escrita e a história vivida
Authors: Flores Rodrigo Musto
Published: July 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo tecer um breve, porém efetivo, diálogo entre a temática da memória e a sua relação com a metodologia da história oral. Dessa forma, a memória é entendida aqui como uma representação do passado e um dos principais substratos da identidade, o que lhe garante um estatuto singular, sendo, portanto, objeto de disputas, construções e reconstruções. Na primeira parte, o texto coloca o conceito de memória em uma perspectiva histórica, refletindo sobre os limites e as possibilidades entre a narrativa de um indivíduo e a representação de uma experiência coletiva. Na segunda parte, buscarei responder qual é o material de trabalho da história oral, bem como o que uma fonte obtida através da aplicação desta metodologia pode documentar, pontuando seus usos e atribuições.
Desmarginalizando o pensamento feminista negro: possibilidades para uma educação emancipadora
Authors: Sousa Mariana Alves de
Published: July 2022

Este artigo visa apresentar uma discussão sobre como a construção do sujeito universal e a colonialidade dos saberes marginaliza o pensamento de intelectuais negras e elas próprias e, em um processo dialético, mobiliza expressões criativas que elaboram e afirmam o potencial teórico e político de suas produções. Por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, foram elencados referenciais teóricos que versam sobre a realidade social das mulheres negras, considerando seus aspectos materiais e históricos que permitem desvelar os efeitos que a interação entre duas ou mais formas de opressões podem produzir em determinados contextos. Deste modo, objetivamos enunciar possibilidades para que os paradigmas produzidos por intelectuais negras tenham suas potencialidades reconhecidas no campo da Educação, tendo em vista que registrar suas contribuições implica questionamentos de paradigmas hegemônicos e corrobora o processo de construção de uma educação emancipadora.
PERCEÇÕES DOS TRADUTORES TIMORENSES SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO DE TRADUÇÃO EM TIMOR-LESTE
Authors: Henriques Paulo , Ramos Rui
Published: July 2022

Após a restauração da independência de Timor-Leste, em 2002, o Estado avançou imediatamente com a política de restauração da identidade linguística do povo timorense abalada e/ou quase perdida ao longo de 24 anos pela ocupação indonésia e pela expansão do bahasa indonesia no território. Esta política ganhou relevo na agenda do desenvolvimento e levou o Estado a escolher o português e o tétum como línguas oficiais e da identidade timorense, reconhecendo simultaneamente o inglês e o indonésio como línguas de trabalho e de contactos internacionais, e reconhecendo igualmente a existência de um conjunto alargado de línguas locais que caraterizam as diversas regiões do país. A consciência da diversidade linguística timorense levou à criação de serviços de tradução nos organismos do Estado, originando assim um pequeno grupo de profissionais com trabalho discreto mas de importância capital para a democratização do acesso dos cidadãos ao sistema político, à comunicação social e à justiça, por exemplo.Esta investigação surge com o objetivo de questionar a perceção dos tradutores timorenses sobre o serviço de tradução em Timor-Leste. Para o efeito, recolhemos perceções e opiniões de tradutores, sobre a sua ação e sobre a formação inicial adquirida, assim como sobre a sua visão das necessidades de formação contínua ou pós-graduada.
Teleatendimento terapêutico para pessoas com deficiência no período da pandemia de COVID-19: revisão integrativa
Authors: Heinzen Crislaine Ramos Gueber , Possolli Gabriela Eyng
Published: July 2022

Visando compreender o teleatendimento à pessoa com deficiência no âmbito terapêutico da fisioterapia, fonoaudiologia e psicologia, a questão norteadora dessa revisão foi: Sobre o que tratam as publicações referente ao teleatendimento terapêutico em fisioterapia, fonoaudiologia e psicologia para a pessoa com deficiência? Diante disso, foi realizada uma busca em bases de dados obtendo 203 resultados em português e inglês com ano de publicação de 2014 a 2020. Após aplicar critérios de inclusão e exclusão e a leitura na íntegra de 35 pesquisas, teve como resultados 13 estudos que apresentaram contribuição para a temática. Esta revisão integrativa é composta por 5 fases (questão norteadora, amostragem de literatura, coleta de dados, análise crítica e discussão), sendo desenvolvidas conforme referencial de Souza, Silva e Carvalho (2010).  Ao mapear as pesquisas da revisão integrativa foram definidas quatro categorias de análise dos estudos: 1- Teleatendimento: definição, ferramentas de TI e critérios terapêuticos, 2- Teleatendimento para pessoa com deficiência e relação com a família/cuidador, 3- Teleatendimento em Fonoaudiologia e Fisioterapia, 4- Psicoterapia online. Como resultados para contribuição no período de pandemia da Covid-19, tem entendimento que o teleatendimento abrange: tecnologias digitais empregadas e seu uso remoto, adaptações técnicas com relação ao atendimento presencial, presença fundamental do cuidador-familiar na relação terapêutica online, entre outras sub-temáticas. A Fonoaudiologia, Fisioterapia e Psicologia são profissões essenciais  na reabilitação de pessoas com deficiência, mantendo suas qualidades de vida, sendo assim, em tempos de pandemia o teleatendimento é imprescindível. Além disso, o teleatendimento também é fundamental para estabelecer protocolos para outras situações, como pacientes acamados, pós-cirúrgico, situações de impedimento de deslocamento ou outras doenças infecto-contagiosas em âmbito local.
Estratégias metodológicas tradicionais nos Cadernos do Aluno: Uma análise dos conteúdos de Educação Física relacionados com a saúde na Rede Estadual de Ensino Público de São Paulo
Authors: Garcia Alessandro Barreta , Ferraz Almir De França , Monteiro Rui Anderson Costa , Andrade Erinaldo Luiz de , Figueira Junior Aylton
Published: July 2022

Atualmente, muito se tem discutido a respeito das estratégias metodológicas tradicionais baseadas em evidências. O que se sabe é que o ensino explícito, um seguimento da educação tradicional, se divide em preparação, interação e consolidação dos aprendizados. Na preparação, os objetivos são fundamentais, pois definem o que deve ser aprendido pelo aluno com base no currículo escolar. Da interação, esperam-se revisões, apresentações explícitas dos conteúdos, prática guiada e diversas revisões ao longo do processo educacional. Por fim, na consolidação, a lição de casa ou em sala de aula, resumos e anotações são imprescindíveis para o aprimoramento dos alunos. Com base nesses pressupostos: Quais dessas estratégias metodológicas estão presentes no material didático pedagógico da proposta curricular de Educação Física do Governo Estadual de São Paulo? O presente estudo visa identificar nos Cadernos do Aluno as estratégias de ensino sobre saúde direcionada ao Ensino Médio. Realizou-se a revisão documental de oito fontes, a partir da categoria: eixo temático: corpo saúde e beleza. A análise ocorreu em função dos tipos de estratégias metodológicas utilizadas nos Cadernos do Aluno. Com isso, foi possível chegar aos seguintes resultados das práticas com os alunos: interpretação de texto (perguntas fechadas e abertas), pesquisa em grupo, pesquisa individual, pesquisa em grupo (como pesquisa de campo), lição de casa e redação. Concluí-se que as estratégias metodológicas propostas nas fontes analisadas estão de acordo com as evidencias científicas.
Proposta didática de modelo de admissão, evolução de rotina e de curativo para acadêmicos de enfermagem
Authors: Da Silva Patrick Leonardo Nogueira
Published: July 2022

O presente relato é resultado de uma proposta de um modelo didático e padrão para a realização da evolução de enfermagem com relação à admissão do paciente, bem como o seu acompanhamento diário e evolução de curativo em caso de portador de lesão cutânea. Foi elaborado, essencialmente, a partir da experiência prática do autor como supervisor de ensino clínico e usado como piloto por um grupo de acadêmicos de um curso técnico em enfermagem de uma universidade pública do norte de Minas Gerais, no primeiro semestre de 2019. Objetiva ser uma ferramenta padrão para o ensino didático do discente em enfermagem e para o acompanhamento profissional, bem como para facilitar o diagnóstico e o prognóstico clínico e ofertar uma atenção integral, humanizada e qualificada resultando na recuperação clínica do paciente. Ainda, uma evolução bem redigida, com o máximo de variáveis clínicas descritas, minimiza as chances de um eventual processo ético advindo da prestação dos cuidados. Sugere-se que o modelo de evoluções seja adotado por acadêmicos, tanto de cursos técnico quanto de cursos de graduação, bem como por professores e profissionais já formados no intuito de aprimorar a escrita da evolução de modo a fornecer o máximo de dados possíveis e também para ofertar um cuidado de qualidade.
Mitos, descobertas geocientíficas e os primórdios da história da Biogeografia
Authors: De Figueiredo Francisco José , Da Silva Valéria Gallo , Absolon Bruno Araujo
Published: July 2022

Uma vez que biogeografia é a ponte entre biologia e geologia, o espaço geográfico é o cenário no qual a dinâmica da biota atua na dimensão espacial da evolução. Consequentemente, muitos conceitos se sobrepõem nas ciências correlatas e grande parte deles deriva de mitos produzidos por culturas na aurora da humanidade. Por esta razão, descobertas da geografia e geologia estão associadas à história inicial da biogeografia. Infelizmente, rígidas barreiras interdisciplinares foram construídas, separando ciências afins. Embora aprisionadas no cul-de-sac da história, em conjunto e em uma perspectiva pluralista, essas ciências podem positivamente dizer algo sobre origens. Se mitos e lendas produziram cenários nos quais conceitos foram delineados, recuperar essa história nos permite entender as razões epistemológicas e os pontos de partida de modernas correntes de pensamento e metodologias da biogeografia analítica. Ainda, explorar conceitos-chave e identificar suas origens contribuem para o conteúdo dessas disciplinas, explicando o que foi anteriormente assumido como realidade objetiva sobre o espaço geográfico. O objetivo desse artigo é integrar a história inicial da biogeografia com as primeiras descobertas da geologia e geografia, destacando-se seletos eventos, mitos e antigos protagonistas, e discutindo influências e implicações. Concluímos que insights originais sobre espécies, fósseis, extinção, endemismo e transformismo já estavam presentes entre os antigos gregos e romanos, mas foram distorcidos para se ajustar às correntes obscuras de pensamento ao longo da história da cultura ocidental.
Advances in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: management of exacerbations
Authors: Jeyachandran Varun , Hurst John R
Published: July 2022

Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are important events to people living with this condition and a common cause of emergency hospital admission. In the absence of a confirmatory biomarker, an exacerbation remains a clinical diagnosis of exclusion and clinicians must be alert to alternative diagnoses. Most exacerbations are caused by airway infection, particularly with respiratory viruses. The mainstay of exacerbation treatment is an increase in the dose and/or frequency of short-acting beta-agonists, with short-course oral corticosteroids and/or antibiotics. Although there have been no new interventions to treat exacerbations in many years, there is still much variation in care and opportunity to improve outcomes. There has been a new focus on both the management of comorbidities and the optimisation of future care to reduce the risk of further events. This review summarises advances in managing exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, focusing on hospitalised patients.
CNN-based neural network model for amplified laser pulse temporal shape prediction with dynamic requirement in high-power laser facility
Authors: Zou Lu , Geng Yuanchao , Liu Bingguo , Chen Fengdong , Zhou Wei , Peng Zhitao , Hu Dongxia , Yuan Qiang , Liu Guodong , Liu Lanqin
Published: July 2022

The temporal shape of laser pulses is one of the essential performances in the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) facility. Due to the complexity and instability of the laser propagation system, it is hard to predict the pulse shapes precisely by pure analytic methods based on the physical model [Frantz-Nodvik (F-N) equation]. Here, we present a data-driven model based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) for precise prediction. The neural network model introduces sixteen parameters neglected in the F-N equation based models to expand the representation dimension. The sensitivity analysis of the experimental results confirms that these parameters have different degrees of influence on the temporal output shapes and cannot be ignored. The network characterizes the whole physical process with commonality and specificity features to improve the description ability. The prediction accuracy evaluated by a root mean square of the proposed model is 7.93%, which is better compared to three optimized physical models. This study explores a nonanalytic methodology of combining prior physical knowledge with data-driven models to map the complex physical process by numerical models, which has strong representation capability and great potential to model other measurable processes in physical science.
Ultra-high resolution particle size measurement based on scattering spectrum analysis—simulation and experiment
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Liu Tianyuan , Yu Xinna , Kong Lili , Huang Meizhen
Published: July 2022

This paper focuses on the properties of light scattering spectra from a spherical particle and their application for particle size measurement. The influence of particle size and scattering angle on the scattering spectra are investigated and simulated. An ultra-resolution particle dimension measurement method was proposed based on detecting the peak of scattering spectra. An accurate spectral peak location strategy based on the spectral shape features is adopted to reduce the spectra peak positioning error caused by dispersion. The size of smaller particle is measured by locating a wide scattering spectral peak at a larger scattering angle to achieve higher measurement sensitivity, while the size of larger particle is measured by locating a narrow scattering spectral peak at a smaller angle to achieve a larger measurement range. If the spectral resolution of the spectrometer is 0.8 nm, the particle size resolution of 1.1 nm and 8.3 nm are achieved for measured particles with sizes ranging from 0.25µm to 1µm and measured particles with sizes ranging from 1µm to 10µm, respectively. And if the spectrometer with picometer resolution is used, the particle size resolution is expected to be on the order of picometers.
Analysis of assembly tolerance compensation in microscope objectives with a free-form element at the aperture stop
Authors: Dorn Alex , Zappe Hans , Ataman Çağlar
Published: July 2022

We analyze the feasibility of using refractive free-form phase plates at the aperture stop of microscope objectives as an alternative to active alignment to compensate for assembly tolerances. The method involves the determination of misalignment-induced aberrations at the exit pupil, and transferring them to the aperture stop while taking pupil aberrations into consideration. We demonstrate that despite being able to correct only for field-independent aberrations, this method can restore near-diffraction-limited imaging performance of passively aligned systems with practical tolerances, given that the as-designed system is highly corrected. We confirm the results via numerical simulations for two different commercial objective designs.
Microwave photonic filter with a sub-kHz bandwidth based on a double ring Brillouin fiber laser
Authors: Wang Linyi , Liu Yi , You Yajun , He Wenjun , Xu Xin , Feng Liuyan , Geng Wenping , Chou Xiujian
Published: July 2022

A scheme to achieve a sub-kHz bandwidth microwave photonic filter (MPF) based on a double-ring Brillouin fiber laser (DR-BFL) is proposed and experimentally verified in this study. The stimulated Brillouin scattering gain spectrum can be efficiently narrowed by the DR-BFL, which comprises a main-ring cavity with a 100-m single-mode fiber (SMF) and a sub-ring cavity with a 10-m SMF. A single passband narrow bandwidth MPF is accomplished by the DR-BFL with a single longitudinal mode laser output using the Vernier effect. The bandwidth of the MPF at the center frequency of 10.735 GHz is 114 Hz, and the corresponding Q-factor is 9.42 × 107, which is the highest Q value to the best of our knowledge. Since the measured linewidth of the DR-BFL is 1.2 Hz at the −20-dB power point, the theoretical bandwidth of the DR-BFL-based MPF is 0.16 Hz. This design provides a new idea for realizing high-precision signal extraction in future communication or sensing systems.
Unraveling the genomic regions controlling the seed vigour index, root growth parameters and germination per cent in rice
Authors: Barik Saumya Ranjan , Pandit Elssa , Sanghamitra Priyadarshini , Mohanty Shakti Prakash , Behera Abhisarika , Mishra Jyotirmayee , Nayak Deepak Kumar , Bastia Ramakrushna , Moharana Arpita , Sahoo Auromira , Pradhan Sharat Kumar
Published: July 2022

High seed vigour ensures good quality seed and higher productivity. Early seedling growth parameters indicate seed vigour in rice. Seed vigour via physiological growth parameters is a complex trait controlled by many quantitative trait loci. A panel was prepared representing a population of 274 rice landraces by including genotypes from all the phenotypic groups of sixseedling stage physiological parameters including germination % for association mapping. Wide variations for the six studiedtraits were observed in the population. The population was classified into 3 genetic groups. Fixation indices indicated the presence of linkage disequilibrium in the population. The population was classified into subpopulations and each subpopulation showed correspondence with the 6 physiological traits. A total of 5 reported QTLs viz., qGP8.1 for germination % (GP); qSVII2.1, qSVII6.1 and qSVII6.2 for seed vigour index II (SVII), and qRSR11.1 for root-shoot ratio (RSR) were validated in this mapping population. In addition, 13 QTLs regulating the physiological parameters such as qSVI 11.1 for seed vigour index I; qSVI11.1 and qSVI12.1 for seed vigour index II; qRRG10.1, qRRG8.1, qRRG8.2, qRRG6.1 and qRRG4.1 for rate of root growth (RRG); qRSR2.1, qRSR3.1 and qRSR5.1 for root-shoot ratio (RSR) while qGP6.2 and qGP6.3 for germination %were identified. Additionally, co-localization or co-inheritance of QTLs, qGP8.1 and qSVI8.1 for GP and SVI-1; qGP6.2 and qRRG6.1 for GP and RRG, and qSVI11.1 and qRSR11.1 for SVI and RSR were detected. The QTLs identified in this study will be useful for improvement of seed vigour trait in rice.
The role of solar and geomagnetic activity in endothelial activation and inflammation in the NAS cohort
Authors: Schiff Jessica E. , Vieira Carolina L. Z. , Garshick Eric , Wang Veronica , Blomberg Annelise , Gold Diane R. , Schwartz Joel , Tracy Samantha M. , Vokonas Pantel , Koutrakis Petros
Published: July 2022

This study investigated the associations between solar and geomagnetic activity and circulating biomarkers of systemic inflammation and endothelial activation in the Normative Aging Study (NAS) cohort. Mixed effects models with moving day averages from day 0 to day 28 were used to study the associations between solar activity (sunspot number (SSN), interplanetary magnetic field (IMF)), geomagnetic activity (planetary K index (Kpindex), and various inflammatory and endothelial markers. Biomarkers included intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen. After adjusting for demographic and meteorological variables, we observed significant positive associations between sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 concentrations and solar and geomagnetic activity parameters: IMF, SSN, and Kp. Additionally, a negative association was observed between fibrinogen and Kpindex and a positive association was observed for CRP and SSN. These results demonstrate that solar and geomagnetic activity might be upregulating endothelial activation and inflammation.
Efficacy analysis of new copper complex for visible light (455, 530 nm) radical/cationic photopolymerization: The synergic effects and catalytic cycle
Authors: Lin Jui-Teng , Lalevee Jacques , Cheng Da-Chuan
Published: July 2022

The kinetics and the conversion features of two 3-component systems (A/B/N), based on the proposed new kinetic schemes of Mokbel and Mau et al, in which a visible LED is used to excite a copper complex to its excited triplet state (G*). The coupling of G* with iodonium salt and ethyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (EDB) produces both free radical polymerization (FRP) of acrylates and the free radical promoted cationic polymerization (CP) of epoxides using various new copper complex as the initiator. Higher FRP and CP conversion can be achieved by co-additive of [B] and N, via the dual function of (i) regeneration [A], and (ii) generation of extra radicals. The interpenetrated polymer network (IPN) capable of initiating both FRP and CP in a blend of TMPTA and EPOX. The synergic effects due to CP include: (i) CP can increase viscosity limiting the diffusional oxygen replenishment; (ii) the cation also acts as a diluting agent for the IPN network, and (iii) the exothermic property of the CP. The catalytic cycle, synergic effects, and the oxygen inhibition are theoretically confirmed to support the experimental hypothesis. The measured results of Mokbel and Mau et al are well analyzed and matching the predicted features of our modeling.
Restriction on antimicrobial dispensing without prescription on a national level: Impact on the overall antimicrobial utilization in the community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Jedai Ahmed Hamdan , Almogbel Yasser , Eljaaly Khalid , Alqahtani Nasser M. , Almudaiheem Hajer Yousef , Awad Nancy , Alissa Dema Abdulrahman , Assiri Abdullah , Alaama Tareef
Published: July 2022

Background

High rates of non-prescription dispensing of antimicrobials have led to a significant increase in the antimicrobial overuse and misuse in Saudi Arabia (SA). The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial utilization following the enforcement of a new prescription-only antimicrobial dispensing policy in the community pharmacy setting in SA.

Methods

Data were extracted from the IQVIA database between May 2017 and May 2019. The antimicrobial utilization rates, based on sales, defined daily dose in grams (DDD), DDD/1000 inhabitants/day (DID), and antimicrobial-claims for the pre-policy (May 2017 to April 2018) and post-policy (June 2018 to May 2019) periods were assessed.

Results

Overall antimicrobial utilization declined slightly (~9–10%) in the post-policy versus pre-policy period (sales, 31,334 versus 34,492 thousand units; DDD, 183,134 versus 202,936), with higher claims (~16%) after policy implementation. There was a sudden drop in the utilization rate immediately after policy enforcement; however, the values increased subsequently, closely matching the pre-policy values. Utilization patterns were similar in both periods; penicillin was the most used antimicrobial (sales: 11,648–14,700–thousand units; DDD: 71,038–91,227; DID: 2.88–3.78). For both periods, the highest dip in utilization was observed in July (sales: 1,027–1,559 thousand units; DDD: 6,194–9,399), while the highest spike was in March/October (sales: 3,346–3,884 thousand units; DDD: 22,329–19,453).

Conclusion

Non-prescription antimicrobial utilization reduced minimally following policy implementation in the community pharmacies across SA. Effective implementation of prescription-only regulations is necessary.
Non-invasive skin sampling detects systemically administered drugs in humans
Authors: Panitchpakdi Morgan , Weldon Kelly C. , Jarmusch Alan K. , Gentry Emily C. , Choi Arianna , Sepulveda Yadira , Aguirre Shaden , Sun Kunyang , Momper Jeremiah D. , Dorrestein Pieter C. , Tsunoda Shirley M.
Published: July 2022

Clinical testing typically relies on invasive blood draws and biopsies. Alternative methods of sample collection are continually being developed to improve patient experience; swabbing the skin is one of the least invasive sampling methods possible. To show that skin swabs in combination with untargeted mass spectrometry (metabolomics) can be used for non-invasive monitoring of an oral drug, we report the kinetics and metabolism of diphenhydramine in healthy volunteers (n = 10) over the course of 24 hours in blood and three regions of the skin. Diphenhydramine and its metabolites were observed on the skin after peak plasma levels, varying by compound and skin location, and is an illustrative example of how systemically administered molecules can be detected on the skin surface. The observation of diphenhydramine directly from the skin supports the hypothesis that both parent drug and metabolites can be qualitatively measured from a simple non-invasive swab of the skin surface. The mechanism of the drug and metabolites pathway to the skin’s surface remains unknown.