bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor promotes an aggressive phenotype of colon and breast cancer cells with biochemical changes investigated by single-cell Raman microspectroscopy and machine learning analysis
Authors: Zhang Wei , Karagiannidis Ioannis , Van Vliet Eliane De Santana , Yao Ruoxin , Beswick Ellen J. , Zhou Anhong
Published: September 2021

Raman spectra acquired from a single living cell were analyzed by a machine learning based algorithm and transformed into aggressiveness score, and further paired with gene expression data for correlation analysis.
Trace detection of organophosphorus pesticides in vegetables via enrichment by magnetic zirconia and temperature-assisted ambient micro-fabricated glow discharge plasma desorption ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Yuhan , Li Yuting , Huang Zhijun , Tian Yonghui , Qian Cheng , Duan Yixiang
Published: September 2021

The use of Fe3O4/ZrO2 eliminates the steps of centrifugation and cleanup. The introduction of TCS improves the problem of low desorption efficiency in MFGDP-MS. This method has been proved to be a good pesticide residue detection method.
Enhancing Li-ion conduction in composite polymer electrolytes using Li0.33La0.56TiO3 nanotubes
Authors: Xu Lei , Zhang Lifeng , Hu Yubing , Luo Langli
Published: September 2021

The LLTO nanotube fillers provide large interface area for fast Li-ion conduction combined with PVDF polymer electrolytes to reach a high Li-ion conductivity of > 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature and show good electrochemical performance.
Constructing an interspace in MnO@NC microspheres for superior lithium ion battery anodes
Authors: Chen Feiran , Liu Zheng , Yu Nan , Sun Hongxia , Geng Baoyou
Published: September 2021

In this work, silica nanospheres were introduced into nitrogen–carbon (NC) coated MnO microspheres and filled the gap between NC and MnO.
Self-photoreduced Ag0-doped Ag(i)–organic frameworks with efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance
Authors: Liu Bo , Lv Mengying , Jiang Wei , Gao Baihui , Li Yuxin , Zhou Shi , Wang Dandan , Liu Chunbo , Che Guangbo
Published: September 2021

A series of Ag0-doped Ag(i)organic frameworks have been constructed via a facile self-photoreduction strategy and can be applied as efficient photocatalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange.
A computational approach on the stereoselective binding of peptides from aqueous medium with endo-functionalized molecular tubes
Authors: Paul Rabindranath , Mitra Aritra , Paul Sandip
Published: September 2021

Differential binding of chiral amino acids by endo-functionalized molecular tubes.
Singlet to triplet conversion in molecular hydrogen and its role in parahydrogen induced polarization
Authors: Markelov Danil A. , Kozinenko Vitaly P. , Knecht Stephan , Kiryutin Alexey S. , Yurkovskaya Alexandra V. , Ivanov Konstantin L.
Published: September 2021

In SABRE experiments at a high magnetic field, the spin order of molecular hydrogen is not just the singlet order, but a combination of singlet and central triplet ones. Additional proton pulse in some cases increases enhancement more than 10-fold.
Glycerol in energy transportation: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Zhang Tianjian , Liu Changhui , Gu Yanlong , Jérôme François
Published: September 2021

Glycerol-containing fluid was used as a novel and functional energy transport medium.
Dynamic phase control with printing and fluidic materials' interaction by inkjet printing an RF sensor directly on a stereolithographic 3D printed microfluidic structure
Authors: Park Eiyong , Lim Sungjoon
Published: September 2021

RF electronics is inkjet-printed directly onto a 3D printed microfluidic structure using surface modification for the high conductivity, high resolution, and enhanced the interaction between a RF part and a fluid material.
Development of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and lateral flow immunoassay for the rapid detection of dapsone in milk
Authors: Guo Xin , Lin Lu , Song Shanshan , Wu Aihong , Liu Liqiang , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai
Published: September 2021

High-throughput rapid detection of dapsone in milk without pretreatment.
Electro-catalytic oxidation of HMF to FDCA over RuO2/MnO2/CNT catalysts in base-free solution
Authors: Wang Tianci , Song Yu , Zhao Wanna , Zhou Chunmei , Jin Yuguang , Wan Xiaoyue , Dai Yihu , Yang Yanhui
Published: September 2021

Up to 72% yield of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid was achieved in a neutral electrolyte through the electro-oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over a ruthenium–manganese mixed oxide catalyst.
Sulfur-containing amino acid-derived ionic liquid as a halogen-free catalyst for CO2 mild transformation into cyclic carbonates
Authors: Gong Yanxi , Li Yifan , Hu Jiayin , Wang Zheng , Deng Tianlong
Published: September 2021

A novel [DBUH]2[Cys] IL containing–S− anion was synthesized and used to catalyze the reactions of CO2 and epoxides under mild conditions.
Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8/graphene oxide/magnetic chitosan nanocomposites for efficient removal of Congo red from aqueous solution
Authors: Tong Xuefeng , Zhang Jingjing , Chen Qibin , Liu Honglai
Published: September 2021

A novel bio-adsorbent toward Congo red with large adsorption capacity.
Synthesis and luminescence properties of two cross-linkable Ir(iii) complexes
Authors: Liu Xiaoxiao , Wu Shaoguang , Wang Youjia , Li Yanmei , Wang Ruidong , Yu Tianzhi , Su Wenming , Zhao Yuling , Zhang Di
Published: September 2021

The EL performances of the vacuum- and solution-processed devices of two cross-linkable iridium(iii) complexes were investigated.
Modification of polybutadiene with trifluoromethyl and clickable azide groups in one shot
Authors: Wang Shengfei , Zhang Sen , Feng Chun , Lu Guolin , Theato Patrick , Huang Xiaoyu
Published: September 2021

We report copper-catalyzed intermolecular azide-trifluoromethylation of the alkenyls of PB without any chain degradation and crosslinking.
Amphiphilic diblock copolymers of poly(glycidol) with biodegradable polyester/polycarbonate. organocatalytic one-pot ROP and self-assembling property
Authors: He Tingyu , Narumi Atsushi , Wang Yanqiu , Xu Liang , Sato Shin-ichiro , Shen Xiande , Kakuchi Toyoji
Published: September 2021

Poly(glycidol)-based block copolymers with excellent micelle formation properties were prepared via organocatalytic one-pot ROP.
Conversion of fatty acid methyl esters into dibasic esters by metathesis and their lubricant properties
Authors: Dubois Jean-Luc , Couturier Jean-Luc , Asadauskas Svajus Joseph , Labanauskas Linas , Bražinskienė Dalia , Blaauw Rolf
Published: September 2021

Monounsaturated dibasic esters were obtained by FAME metathesis and tested for viscosity, extreme temperature and other lubricant properties. Their 2EH derivatives can produce 100% bio-derived basestocks for widespread heavy duty hydraulic fluids.
Copper-exchanged large-port and small-port mordenite (MOR) for methane-to-methanol conversion
Authors: Knorpp Amy J. , Pinar Ana B. , Newton Mark A. , Li Teng , Calbry-Muzyka Adelaide , van Bokhoven Jeroen A.
Published: September 2021

The synthesis and selection of large-port mordenite is critical for optimizing productivity for the direct conversion of methane to methanol.
Cancer antigen 125 assessment using carbon quantum dots for optical biosensing for the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer
Authors: Omer Walaa E. , Abdelbar Mostafa F. , El-Kemary Nesma M. , Fukata Naoki , El-Kemary Maged A.
Published: September 2021

Fluorometric quantification of biological molecules is a key feature used in many biosensing studies.
Welding partially reduced graphene oxides by MOFs into micro–mesoporous hybrids for high-performance oil absorption
Authors: Sun Lu , Tang Jun
Published: September 2021

PRGOs were interlocked by UiO-66-NH2 nanoparticles into PRGO@UiO-66-NH2, in which MOFs provide micropores and PRGOs skeletons provide mesopores. The PRGO@UiO-66-NH2-laden MFs exhibit the high absorption selectivity of oil over water.
Isolation of HLA-G+ cells using MEM-G/9 antibody-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles for prenatal screening: a reliable, fast and efficient method
Authors: Emadi Elaheh , Bordbar Abdol-Khalegh , Nadri Hamid , Shams Ali , Taheri-Kafrani Asghar , Kalantar Seyed Mehdi
Published: September 2021

Selective isolation of HLA-G+ cells from HLA-G− cells with MEM-G/9-MNPs. It is an efficient tool for the isolation of fetal cells from the endocervical sample for prenatal screening.
When water becomes an integral part of carbon – combining theory and experiment to understand the zeolite-like water adsorption properties of porous C2N materials
Authors: Heske Julian , Walczak Ralf , Epping Jan D. , Youk Sol , Sahoo Sudhir K. , Antonietti Markus , Kühne Thomas D. , Oschatz Martin
Published: September 2021

The origin of strong interactions between water molecules and porous C2N surfaces is investigated by using a combination of model materials, volumetric physisorption measurements, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations.
Efficient chemical fixation of CO2 from direct air under environment-friendly co-catalyst and solvent-free ambient conditions
Authors: Das Rajesh , Ezhil Thirumavalavan , Palakkal Athulya S. , Muthukumar D. , Pillai Renjith S. , Nagaraja C. M.
Published: September 2021

This work demonstrates an efficient capture and conversion of CO2 from direct air into value-added cyclic carbonates under eco-friendly co-catalyst and solvent-free mild conditions by utilizing a bifunctional Mg-MOF.
Multi-stimuli-responsive composite fibers based on luminescent ceramics for UV/heat detection and anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Shen Xiuyu , Hu Qian , Akbarzadeh Abdolhamid , Shi Chen , Pang Zengyuan , Ge Mingqiao
Published: September 2021

Multi-stimuli-responsive persistent luminescent fibers coupled with the facile preparation process make the composite fibers a potential candidate for anti-counterfeiting and UV and heat detection applications.
Non‐destructive inspection for FRPM pipeline using periodic pattern of microwave guided‐modes on cylindrical dielectric waveguide
Authors: Matsukawa Sayaka , Yoshida Kosuke , Okuda Tadahiro , Hazama Masaya , Kurokawa Satoru , Murata Hiroshi
Published: September 2021

The authors propose a new non‐destructive inspection method for underground fiberglass‐reinforced plastic mortar pipelines utilizing the periodic patterns of microwave guided‐modes on a hollow cylindrical dielectric waveguide. By the spatial synthesis of the microwaves utilizing the periodicity in the circumferential direction of a pipe, the authors found that a periodic pattern of the microwaves such as the Talbot effect with producing self‐images at the Talbot distance, was observed over the pipe‐wall. Further, adjusting the phase relationship between adjoining antenna elements changed the positions of the peak and null in the periodic pattern on the pipe‐wall. Additionally, when an unwanted foreign object was attached to the pipe, the periodic pattern of the microwaves can be disturbed according to the size and position of the object, and it is possible to inspect the pipeline using narrow‐band microwave signals. This paper experimentally demonstrated the successful detection of a foreign object on the pipe‐wall by scanning Talbot‐like patterns with a sensor along the pipe‐wall. This technique enables the non‐destructive inspection of pipelines using only narrow‐band, licence‐free microwave signals.
Angular‐flexible network for light field image super‐resolution
Authors: Liang Zhengyu , Wang Yingqian , Wang Longguang , Yang Jungang , Zhou Shilin
Published: September 2021

Light field (LF) cameras capture scenes from multiple views and provide additional angular information for image super‐resolution (SR). Existing CNN‐based LF image SR methods commonly develop specific models for different angular resolutions. However, since the angular resolution can vary significantly with different LF devices, these methods have limited flexibility for real‐world applications. Here, an angular‐flexible network to use a single model to super‐resolve LF images of arbitrary angular resolution is proposed. In this method, spatial and angular feature extractors are designed to achieve angular‐flexible feature extraction, and develop a decouple‐and‐fuse module for SR reconstruction. Moreover, a mixed‐angular‐resolution training strategy is proposed to further enhance the angular flexibility. Experimental results on five public datasets demonstrate the state‐of‐the‐art performance of the method. Source codes are available at https://github.com/ZhengyuLiang24/LF‐AFnet. Here, an angular‐flexible network for light field image super‐resolution is proposed. The network can handle LFs captured by different kinds of devices with arbitrary angular resolutions. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superior performance of the method.
Parallel connected GaN E‐HEMT VSI‐based servo drives for PMSMs
Authors: Yuruk Huseyin , Keysan Ozan
Published: September 2021

The operation of parallel‐connected servo drives has the advantages of increasing the torque (hence the power) capacity, reliability, redundancy and modularity. However, smaller discrepancies of the system clocks of the independent microcontrollers, asynchronous pulse width modulation (PWM) carrier signals and hardware differences can make the output voltages of the parallel modules non‐identical, which results in circulating currents. These circulating currents limit the parallel operation, introduce additional power dissipation, cause unbalanced power distribution and degrade the control performance. To eliminate the circulating currents separated DC supplies, coupled inductors (CIs), PWM techniques, modified control techniques etc. are proposed in the literature. In this study, a fault‐tolerant parallel‐connected gallium nitride enhancement‐mode high electron mobility transistor voltage source inverter‐based servo drive scheme that eliminates the need for CIs and separate DC supplies and also enables the use of a standard proportional‐integral current control and a standard space vector PWM approach is proposed and tested. To evaluate the performances of the proposed scheme, up to six servo drives (limit‐6 × 7 Arms) are connected in parallel and tested under various conditions with a 24 V permanent magnet synchronous motor (nominal‐61.9 Arms). The results show that the parallel operation not only increases the torque capacity of the system but also increases modularity, flexibility, reliability and also redundancy.
Trident‐YOLO: Improving the precision and speed of mobile device object detection
Authors: Wang Guanbo , Ding, Hongwei , Li Bo , Nie Rencan , Zhao Yifan
Published: September 2021

This paper introduce an efficient object detection network named Trident‐You Only Look Once (YOLO), which is designed for mobile devices with limited computing power. The new architecture is improved based on YOLO v4‐tiny. The authors redesign the network structure and propose a trident feature pyramid network (Trident‐FPN), which can improve the precision and recall of lightweight object detection. Specifically, Trident‐FPN increases the computational complexity by only a small amount of floating point operations per second (FLOPs) and obtains a multi‐scale feature map of the model, which significantly lightweight object detection performance. To enlarge the receptive field of the network with the fewest FLOPs, this paper redesign the receptive field block (RFB) and spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) layer and propose tinier cross‐stage partial RFBs and smaller cross‐stage partial SPPs. This paper present extensive experiments, and Trident‐YOLO shows strong performance compared to that of other popular models on the PASCAL VOC and MS COCO. On the MS COCO and PASCAL VOC 2007 test sets, the mean average precision (mAP) of Trident‐YOLO improved by 4.5% and 5.0%, respectively. Trident‐YOLO also reduce the network size by more than 54.4% compared to YOLO v4‐tiny. With a 23.7% FLOP reduction, the FPS is improved by 1.9 on an Nvidia Jetson Xavier NX.
AGN feeding and feedback in Fornax A
Authors: Maccagni F. M. , Serra P. , Gaspari M. , Kleiner D. , Morokuma-Matsui K. , Oosterloo T. A. , Onodera M. , Kamphuis P. , Loi F. , Thorat K. , Ramatsoku M. , Smirnov O. , White S. V.
Published: September 2021

We present a multi-wavelength study of the gaseous medium surrounding the nearby active galactic nucleus (AGN), Fornax A. Using MeerKAT, ALMA, and MUSE observations, we reveal a complex distribution of the atomic (H I), molecular (CO), and ionised gas in its centre and along the radio jets. By studying the multi-scale kinematics of the multi-phase gas, we reveal the presence of concurrent AGN feeding and feedback phenomena. Several clouds and an extended 3 kpc filament – perpendicular to the radio jets and the inner disk (r ≲ 4.5 kpc) – show highly-turbulent kinematics, which likely induces non-linear condensation and subsequent chaotic cold accretion (CCA) onto the AGN. In the wake of the radio jets and in an external (r ≳ 4.5 kpc) ring, we identify an entrained massive (∼107M⊙) multi-phase outflow (vOUT ∼ 2000 km s−1). The rapid flickering of the nuclear activity of Fornax A (∼3 Myr) and the gas experiencing turbulent condensation raining onto the AGN provide quantitative evidence that a recurrent, tight feeding and feedback cycle may be self-regulating the activity of Fornax A, in agreement with CCA simulations. To date, this is one of the most in-depth probes of such a mechanism, paving the way to apply these precise diagnostics to a larger sample of nearby AGN hosts and their multi-phase inter stellar medium.
Rare isotope beams in astrophysics
Authors: Tumino A. , Jose J. , La Cognata M.
Published: September 2021

Unstable isotopes govern the late evolution of stars and their explosive phenomena, such as novae, supernovae, x-ray bursters and neutron star mergers. Most of them are still out of reach of terrestrial experiments. Upcoming facilities will allow scientists to produce/observe them and shed light on fundamental questions about our universe.
Virtual mentoring of young foreign language teachers in the organization of extracurricular activities
Authors: Glumova Elena Petrovna , Kolodina Ekaterina Olegovna , Korableva Elizaveta Denisovna , Chelovskaya Alena Sergeevna
Published: September 2021

Modern students belonging to generations A and Z cannot imagine their life without the virtual world, so there is a need to use innovative approaches to organizing lessons and extracurricular activities in foreign languages. Digital technology plays an important role in this process, but not all teachers can quickly adapt to work in the new format. The issue is especially relevant for beginning foreign language teachers who do not have sufficient experience to effectively organize extracurricular work as an integral form of teaching foreign languages. This paper aims to consider virtual mentoring as a form of adaptation of teachers to modern digital technologies for organizing extracurricular activities of students belonging to generations A and Z. The analysis of scientific and methodological literature on this topic allowed the authors to identify a description of particular cases of the use of digital educational systems in teaching various aspects of a foreign language in the classroom and the need for the formation of digital literacy of the student. The paper clarifies how extracurricular activities can improve the students’ progress in a foreign language, proposes a form of virtual mentoring as a modern and convenient model of interaction that can increase the virtual competence of foreign language teachers, highlights and describes the features of children of generation A and Z, based on the study of which it was established the need to introduce a large number of digital technologies and the transition to a distance learning format when organizing extracurricular activities.
The ways to achieve happiness
Authors: Sorokoumova Galina Veniaminovna
Published: September 2021

The paper examines the definitions of happiness in psychology, analyzes the components of happiness, describes various methods of achieving happiness: volunteering or working for a good cause, positive thinking, methods of expressive therapy such as music and art therapy. Particular attention is paid to the description of neuro acoustics (sound therapy) and special psychological methods like the Key method developed by H. Aliev, the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing method developed by F. Shapiro, and the wing wave method developed by C. Besser-Siegmund and H. Siegmund; psychological training and psychotherapeutic technologies such as the Be Set Free Fast technique. To prove our hypothesis that modern psychological methods affect the psychological correction of students’ personal anxiety and make a person happier, we conducted a study to look at the influence of modern psychological methods on the psychological correction of students’ anxiety. At the summative and control stages of the study, we used the adapted version of R. Phillips’ anxiety test (for students). At the formative stage of the study, we used the developed and tested program of psychological correction for personal anxiety. Group methods were used as key methods of psychological correction, including brain gymnastics by P. Dennison and G. Dennison, the Key method by H. Aliyev; individual lessons with certified psychologists using the eye movement desensitization, and reprocessing method by F. Shapiro, and wing wave method by C. Besser-Siegmund and H. Siegmund. The university psychologist taught students the Be Set Free Fast protocol, and students also listened to neuro acoustic programs at home. The results of the experimental study proved that the program, based on modern psychological methods, contributed not only to the psycho-correction of students’ personal anxiety but also to improving the mental health of students and their perception of a happier life. The program can be recommended for psychological correctional work with first-year university students during the period of adaptation to university studies and for work with all students who have an increased level of anxiety and stress.
The Realistic Problems of Basic Education Teachers’ Professional Salary and Solutions
Authors: Feng Dong , Wang Xue , Guo Xia
Published: September 2021

Good policy treatment is an important guarantee to improve the quality of primary and secondary school teachers. China’s policies clearly put forward that it’s necessary to continuously improve the status and treatment of teachers in basic education, so that teachers can truly become an enviable career. At present, the professional treatment situation of basic education teachers in China is not optimistic, which is far from the policy ideal. There are many problems, such as the lack of occupational attraction, the overall salary level is relatively low, and the implementation of subsidies and welfare policies is not in place.By further increasing the salary level of teachers, balancing the treatment of different groups of teachers, improving the implementation of subsidies and welfare policies, implementing the provincial overall treatment of basic education teachers, increasing the implementation of inspection of professional treatment of teachers and other measures to enhance the vocational attraction of basic education teachers,the high-quality development of China’s basic education can be ensured.
The high unemployment rate in Britain during the interwar period
Authors: Liu Yifei
Published: September 2021

World War I (WWI) causes irreversible consequences on the British economy, and Britain has experienced the most severe economic crisis in the 1920s. This paper aims to explain the causes of unemployment in Britain in the years between the wars and why that problem persisted for much of that period. This paper will describe the causes of unemployment by analyzing how World War I affected the British exports market. Then this essay will move on by exploring how the economic policy of Britain after World War II(WWII) damages the exports market and creates high unemployment. In addition, this paper will also discuss the relationship between the change in the labour market in World War I and the unemployment problem. Finally, this paper will illustrate why the unemployment problem persists by exploring regional and industrial unemployment issues.
Multi-layer endoscopic suturing: a novel method of gastric fistula closure
Authors: Jovani Manol , Zhang Linda , Huang Yuting , Kumbhari Vivek
Published: September 2021

Background and study aims Current endoscopic methods of treating gastric fistulas are either too complex or have high rates of recurrence. We aimed to provide a novel endoscopic method for robust fistula closure.

Patients and methods This was a single-center, retrospective study of five patients who underwent multi-layer endoscopic suturing for closing of a chronic fistula (> 4 weeks). Devitalization of the fistula tract was achieved with argon plasma coagulation, followed by endoscopic suturing of the fistula. Then, endoscopic suturing of the gastric wall surrounding the fistula was performed, creating an overlay of healthy gastric mucosa around the fistula.

Results Technical success (fistula closure on the day of the procedure) was achieved in all five patients, with no complications. After a median follow up of 5 months (range 2–23 months), there was a 100 % clinical success rate (no fistula recurrence).

Conclusions Our single-operator method of multi-layer endoscopic suturing provides a robust fistula closure with minimal to no risk of recurrence. In light of limitations of current fistula closure methods, further investigations are warranted to better define long-term outcomes with it compared to alternative methods.
Clinical and endoscopic characteristics of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancers detected within 10 years after a previous negative examination
Authors: Kodama Kenta , Miyachi Hideyuki , Kudo Shin-ei , Wakamura Kunihiko , Maeda Yasuharu , Ichimasa Katsuro , Ogawa Yushi , Kouyama Yuta , Abe Masahiro , Ogura Yohei , Okumura Taishi , Mochizuki Kenichi , Minegishi Yosuke , Ishiyama Misaki , Mori Yuichi , Misawa Masashi , Kudo Toyoki , Hayashi Takemasa , Ishida Fumio , Watanabe Daisuke
Published: September 2021

Background and study aims We sometimes encounter colorectal cancer (CRC) that is discovered during the time interval between initial colonoscopy and the recommended follow-up examination. Although several studies reported such cases of CRC, most were based on registry data, which implied that the endoscopic quality was not consistent or guaranteed. We aimed to clarify these clinical and endoscopic characteristics at our high-volume center where a retrospective survey could be precisely performed.

Patients and methods We retrospectively analyzed patients with CRC who underwent endoscopic resection or surgery from April 2002 to December 2010, categorizing them into two groups: a “study group” of patients with a negative colonoscopy during the previous 10 years, and a “control group” of patients without a previous colonoscopy or with a previous colonoscopy more than 10 years prior.

Results A total of 2042 patients had CRC, among which 55 patients were classified into the study group and the remaining 1989 into the control group. The CRC cases in the study group showed a significant association with smaller (< 30 mm) tumor size (odds ratio [OR] 2.3; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.3–4.0) and proximal tumor site (OR 1.7; 95 %CI 0.9–2.9). In addition, right-sided and depressed-type T1 CRCs were significantly more common in the study group.

Conclusions Tumor size and location were associated with CRCs detected within 10 years after the negative examination. In addition, depressed-type T1 CRCs were more common. Therefore, we should pay more attention to small, right-sided, or depressed-type tumors in daily colonoscopy.
Possibility of new shielding device for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Kikuchi Daisuke , Ariyoshi Daiki , Suzuki Yugo , Ochiai Yorinari , Odagiri Hiroyuki , Hayasaka Junnosuke , Tanaka Masami , Morishima Tetsuya , Kimura Keita , Ezawa Hiroshi , Iwamoto Risa , Matsuwaki Yoshinori , Hoteya Shu
Published: September 2021

Background and study aims Infection control is essential when performing endoscopic procedures, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we have developed a new shielding device called STEP for infection control in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Patients and methods STEP consists of a mask worn by the patient and a drape that is connected to the mask and covers the endoscope. A suction tube attached to the mask prevents aerosols from spreading. The endoscopist operates the endoscope through the drape. Three endoscopists performed a total of 18 examinations using an upper endoscopy training model with and without STEP. Endoscopic images were evaluated by three other endoscopists, using a visual analog scale. We also simulated contact, droplet, and aerosol infection and evaluated the utility of STEP.

Results All examinations were conducted without a problem. Mean procedure time was 126.3 ± 11.6 seconds with STEP and 122.3 ± 10.0 seconds without STEP. The mean visual analog score was 90.7 ± 10.1 with STEP and 90.4 ± 10.0 without STEP. In the contact model, adherence of simulated contaminants was 4.9 ± 1.4 % without STEP and 0 % with STEP. In the droplet model, the number of simulated contaminants attached to the paper was 338 273 ± 90 735 pixels without STEP and 0 with STEP. In the aerosol model, the total number of particles was 346 837 ± 9485 without STEP and was significantly reduced to 222 ± 174 with STEP.

Conclusions No effect on examination time or endoscopic image quality was observed when using STEP in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Using STEP reduced the diffusion of simulated contaminants in all three infection models.
Feasibility of resection and plication “RAP” technique for management of medically refractory GERD in patients with altered gastric anatomy
Authors: Walsh Patrick R. , Lamba Mehul , Benias Petros , Lafta Abdulnasser , Hopkins George
Published: September 2021

Background and study aims Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is common, especially in patients after gastric surgery. Medical management of GERD is ineffective in up to 30 % patients and revisional gastric surgery for management of GERD is associated with higher morbidity. We aimed to assess the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of a novel endoscopic resection and plication (RAP) anti-reflux procedure for management of medically refractory GERD in patients with altered gastric anatomy.

Patients and methods The RAP procedure involves endoscopic mucosal resection and full-thickness plication over the right posterior-medial axis extending 15 mm above and 20 to 30 mm below the squamocolumnar junction. Adverse events, technical feasibility, GERD health-related quality-of-life (GERD-HRQL) scores, and medication use were prospectively recorded.

Results Twenty consecutive patients with previous gastric surgery underwent RAP between September 2018 and August 2020 with a median follow-up of 5.7 months. The median procedure duration was 66 minutes (IQR 53.8–89.5). RAP was technically successful in 19 patients. One patient developed gastric hemorrhage from suture dehiscence, which was managed endoscopically, and four patients developed esophageal stricture requiring endoscopic dilation. Following the RAP procedure, significant improvement in GERD-HRQL score was observed (mean 26.9, 95 %CI 23.36–30.55, P < 0.01). Fourteen of 19 patients reported > 50 % improvement in GERD-HRQL scores. Sixteen of 18 patients reported reduction in requirement for or cessation of antacid therapy.

Conclusions Patients with refractory GERD after gastric surgery have limited therapeutic options. We have demonstrated that the RAP procedure is feasible, safe, and clinically effective at short-term follow-up. It provides a potential alternative to revisional surgery in patients with altered gastric anatomy.
Undetected Long-Term Hypothyroidism Caused by Hashimoto’s
Thyroiditis with Severe Cardiac Complications – An Unusual Case of Child
Neglect
Authors: Otto Schneider Karl
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Neglect in childhood may often be undetected for a long time. Parents of patients of
handicapped children are often unable to cope with multiple medical and
psychological problems that exist with such patients despite support by the health
services [Jacobi G, Dettmeyer R, Banaschak S, Brosig B et al. Child abuse and
neglect: diagnosis and management. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2010; 107: 231–240].
This is especially true for patients with trisomy 21 because they frequently suffer
from complex congenital heart disease, feeding difficulties and behaviour anomalies.
Additionally, various degrees of hypothyroidism are very frequent in Down syndrome
but rarely lead – as in our case – to a life threatening
disease.
Clinical Value and Role of miR-129-5p in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver
Disease
Authors: Wang Yuan , Feng Yujia , Li Hong , Zhang Han , Niu Qinghui , Liang Kun , Bian Cheng
Published: September 2021

This study was to evaluate the expression of miR-129–5p in non-alcoholic
fatty liver (NAFLD) patients and its clinical value and explore its regulatory
effect on insulin resistance (IR). A total of 117 NAFLD patients and 110 healthy
controls were included. The levels of miR-129-5p were detected by qRT-PCR. To
assess the diagnostic value of miR-129-5p for NAFLD, the receiver operating
characteristic curve (ROC) was established. C57Bl/6 mice were supplied
with high-fat diet to establish NAFLD model. Intraperitoneal insulin tolerance
test (IPITT) was carried out to evaluate the effect of miR-129-5p on IR in NAFLD
animal model. miR-129-5p was highly expressed in the serum of NAFLD patients,
and patients with HOMA-IR ≥2.5 had higher level of miR-129-5p than those
with HOMA-IR <2.5. miR-129-5p had the ability to differentiate NAFLD
patients from healthy individuals and might be associated with the development
of IR. Serum miR-129-5p was positively correlated with the levels of HOMA-IR,
BMI, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in NAFLD patients.
Downregulation of miR-129-5p regulates lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity
in NAFLD mice model. MiR-129-5p was upregulated in NAFLD patients and might be a
potential diagnostic biomarker. The regulatory effect of miR-129-5p on NAFLD may
function by regulating lipid accumulation and insulin sensitivity.
A Comprehensive PCOS Research and Guideline Translation Program to Improve Practice
Authors: Ramasamy Vijayanand A. , Garad Rhonda M. , Boyle Jacqueline A.
Published: September 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex endocrinopathy affecting reproductive-age women with a reported prevalence of 8 to 13%. To address the knowledge, practice, consumer satisfaction, and research gaps, an international research collaboration was formed to develop the first “International Evidence-Based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (2018).” This article describes an effective research translation program to disseminate the guideline internationally to women and health providers. To date, this had led to 75,197 views and almost 36,000 downloads of the PCOS guideline, and 43,000 views and 10,600 downloads of a suite of PCOS resources. AskPCOS app, the first freely accessible, evidence-based PCOS app, has 9,910 users (between 400 and 800 users per month), 23,447 sessions, and 87,801 screen viewings. Fifty-four percent of returning users are from across 137 countries, with the most users in Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and India. Extensive global uptake of the PCOS guideline and compendium of resources was augmented by extensive formative consumer and health professional consultation, end-user engagement across the evidence-creation spectrum, co-design, and quality improvement.
Ganglioglioma Arising from the Septum Pellucidum
Authors: Shrestha Bishal , Gurung Pritam , Dhakal Sudan , Rajbhandari Pravesh , Basnet Ranga Bahadur , Pant Basant
Published: September 2021

A 24-year-old gentleman presented to us with complaints of occasional headache for 2 years. Magnetic resonance imaging showed enhancing supra sellar mass with nonenhancing cystic components, extending superiorly up to the body of bilateral lateral ventricle, laterally displacing septum pellucidum, and compressing the third ventricle with obstructive hydrocephalus. Hormone profile depicted adrenocorticotropic hormone <5.00 pg/mL, growth hormone 1.32 ng/mL, insulin-like growth factor-1 <3.0 ng/mL. The patient underwent surgical resection. Histological finding was suggestive of ganglioglioma World Health Organization grade I. Customized immunohistochemistry panel was advised and revealed positive CD 56, NSE, and GFAP immunohistochemical stains. Gangliogliomas are less frequent neoplastic lesions confined to only a handful of case reports and studies. Accounting less than 2% of intracranial neoplasms, these lesions primarily affect those in the first 3 decades of their life. As ubiquitous it is in nature, we hereby present a case of ganglioglioma in a young adult male arising from septum pellucidum.
Bigger Bust No Longer on Trend: Malaysians Prefer Moderation in Ideal Female Breast Augmentation
Authors: Hamzan Muhammad Izzuddin , Sulaiman Wan Azman Wan , Ismail Nur Nadia
Published: September 2021

Background It is important to correctly determine the ideal female breast anatomy and aesthetic proportions in order to prepare for surgery and establish its goals. Leaving the preference to the operating surgeons alone might leave unsatisfactory results, which especially leads to reoperation, quite often in the aspect of breast dimension.

Methods This study was conducted using an online graphic questionnaire. We attempted to seek male and female perspectives toward their preferred ideal female breast size for breast augmentation, in order to provide up-to-date data to assist breast surgeons in attaining satisfactory surgical results.

Results Sixty males and 67 females participated in the study comprising Asian major ethnicities of Malay, Chinese, and Indian. Universally, 46.6% of men and 53.5% of women preferred 30 mm diameter for the most ideal nipple-areola complex (NAC) size. For the perfect bust, they generally favored size C and D cup (37.8% and 38.5%, respectively).

Conclusion The majority of women seek natural breast beauty and the longing for an oversized look appears to have infiltrated practice but these assumptions have finally been challenged by these findings.
Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing a Novel Motion-Assistive Device to Standard Physical Therapy for Initial Management of Knee Range of Motion after Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Cook James L. , Rucinski Kylee , Crecelius Cory R. , Cunningham Suzin , Guess Trent M.
Published: September 2021

This prospective randomized clinical trial assessed a novel device for initial management of knee range of motion (ROM), pain, and function after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Primary TKA patients with preoperative ROM of at least 5° to 115° were randomized to initial knee motion management: Mizzou BioJoint Flex—novel motion-assistive device with prescribed physical therapy or standard physical therapy—prescribed physical therapy. ROM, pain score, and knee injury and osteoarthritis score for joint replacement (KOOSjr) were obtained preoperatively and 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months postoperatively. Patient satisfaction for both cohorts and subjective assessments of the MBF device were assessed at 3 months. Readmissions, reoperations, and complications were assessed through 1 year. Nineteen patients were randomized to each cohort, with no significant preoperative differences in demographics, pain score, KOOSjr score, or ROM. Six SPT (31.6%) and 3 MBF (15.8%) patients failed to regain preoperative ROM (p = 0.044). One SPT (5.3%) and eight MBF (42%) patients exceeded 125° ROM (p = 0.019) by 3 months. Total ROM (p = 0.039), pain (p = 0.0068), and function (p = 0.0027) were significantly better for MBF at 3 months. MBF patients reported significantly higher satisfaction (mean, 9.4 ± 1.1 vs. 8.0 ± 1.8, respectively; p = 0.0084). One patient in each group underwent manipulation under anesthesia. No other readmissions, reoperations, or complications were reported. A novel durable medical equipment device can provide a safe and effective patient-controlled method for initial management of knee ROM, pain, and function after primary TKA with potential clinically meaningful advantages over physical therapy alone. In conjunction with physical therapy, management with this novel knee flexion device more effectively restored knee ROM and early patient function when compared with therapy alone and was associated with higher proportions of patients regaining minimum (115°) and desired (125°) levels of knee ROM and clinically meaningful differences in pain scores, knee function, and patient satisfaction. This is a Level 1, prospective trial study.
Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Oztenekecioglu Bugsem , Mavis Merdiye , Osum Meryem , Kalkan Rasime
Published: September 2021

It is extremely important to understand the causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) which is a neurodevelopmental disease. Treatment and lifelong support of autism are also important to improve the patient's life quality. In this article, several findings were explained to understand the possible causes of ASD. We draw, outline, and describe ASD and its relation with the epigenetic mechanisms. Here, we discuss, several different factors leading to ASD such as environmental, epigenetic, and genetic factors.
Ab initio calculations for electronic and optical properties of ErW defects in single-layer tungsten disulfide
Authors: Khan M. A. , Leuenberger Michael N.
Published: September 2021

Ab initio calculations for the electronic and optical properties of single-layer (SL) tungsten disulfide (SL WS2) in the presence of substitutional Erbium defects (ErW) are presented, where the W atom is replaced by an Er atom. Although Er is much larger than W, we show that Er:SL WS2 is stable using density functional theory. In order to understand defect related optical transitions, odd states, which are usually neglected for pristine cases, need to be considered in addition to even states. We use group theory to derive strict selection rules for the optical transitions, which are in excellent agreement with the absorption spectrum calculated by means of the Kubo–Greenwood formula using the Kohn–Sham orbitals. Defects usually play an important role in tailoring electronic and optical properties of semiconductors. We show that neutral and negatively charged ErW defects lead to localized defect states in the band structure due to the f-orbital states of Er, which in turn give rise to sharp optical transitions in in-plane and out-of-plane components of the susceptibility tensor Imχ∥ and Imχ⊥, respectively. We identify the optical transitions at 5.3 μm, 1.5 μm, 1.2 μm, 920 nm, 780 nm, 660 nm, and 550 nm to originate from ErW defect states. Our results for the optical spectra are in good agreement with experimental data.
Effect of carbon, oxygen, and intrinsic defects on hydrogen-related donor concentration in proton irradiated n-type silicon
Authors: Kiyoi Akira , Kawabata Naoyuki , Nakamura Katsumi , Fujiwara Yasufumi
Published: September 2021

We investigated the effect of the concentration of carbon, oxygen, and irradiation-induced intrinsic defects on hydrogen-related donor (HD) concentration. Several n-type silicon wafers having different carbon and oxygen concentrations were irradiated with 2 MeV protons, subsequently annealed at 300–400 °C, and analyzed by spreading resistance profiling. The HD concentration had no correlation with carbon and oxygen concentration. Additionally, the HD concentration showed a strong increasing linear dependence with proton-irradiation dose at 350 and 400 °C and a square root dependence at 300 °C. In the decay process of HD concentration at 400 °C, fast- and slow-decay components were observed regardless of wafer type. Our results show that the HD formation is based on the interactive process of irradiation-induced intrinsic defects and hydrogen, rather than hydrogen-catalyzed thermal double donor formation. Magnetic-field-applied Czochralski (m:Cz) wafers with 300 mm diameter, which are critical for the production scaling of power devices, have a relatively higher oxygen concentration than conventional floating-zone wafers. Our results further suggest that controlling the intrinsic defect formation, rather than oxygen impurity concentration, is more important in realizing designed doping profiles with high accuracy and reproducibility for next-generation power devices using large-diameter m:Cz wafers as a standard starting material.
Design of experiment optimization of aligned polymer thermoelectrics doped by ion-exchange
Authors: Huang Yuxuan , Lukito Tjhe Dionisius Hardjo , Jacobs Ian E. , Jiao Xuechen , He Qiao , Statz Martin , Ren Xinglong , Huang Xinyi , McCulloch Iain , Heeney Martin , McNeill Christopher , Sirringhaus Henning
Published: September 2021

Organic thermoelectrics offer the potential to deliver flexible, low-cost devices that can directly convert heat to electricity. Previous studies have reported high conductivity and thermoelectric power factor in the conjugated polymer poly[2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene] (PBTTT). Here, we investigate the thermoelectric properties of PBTTT films in which the polymer chains were aligned uniaxially by mechanical rubbing, and the films were doped by a recently developed ion exchange technique that provides a choice over the counterions incorporated into the film, allowing for more optimized morphology and better stability than conventional charge transfer doping. To optimize the polymer alignment process, we took advantage of two Design of Experiment (DOE) techniques: regular two-level factorial design and central composite design. Rubbing temperature Trub and post-alignment annealing temperature Tanneal were the two factors that were most strongly correlated with conductivity. We were able to achieve high polymer alignment with a dichroic ratio >15 and high electrical conductivities of up to 4345 S/cm for transport parallel to the polymer chains, demonstrating that the ion exchange method can achieve conductivities comparable/higher than conventional charge transfer doping. While the conductivity of aligned films increased by a factor of 4 compared to unaligned films, the Seebeck coefficient (S) remained nearly unchanged. The combination of DOE methodology, high-temperature rubbing, and ion exchange doping provides a systematic, controllable strategy to tune structure–thermoelectric property relationships in semiconducting polymers.
Extracting free energies of counterion binding to polyelectrolytes by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Tian Wen-de , Ghasemi Mohsen , Larson Ronald G.
Published: September 2021

We use all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to extract ΔGeff, the free energy of binding of potassium ions K+ to the partially charged polyelectrolyte poly(acrylic acid), or PAA, in dilute regimes. Upon increasing the charge fraction of PAA, the chains adopt more extended conformations, and simultaneously, potassium ions bind more strongly (i.e., with more negative ΔGeff) to the highly charged chains to relieve electrostatic repulsions between charged monomers along the chains. We compare the simulation results with the predictions of a model that describes potassium binding to PAA chains as a reversible reaction whose binding free energy (ΔGeff) is adjusted from its intrinsic value (ΔG) by electrostatic correlations, captured by a random phase approximation. The bare or intrinsic binding free energy ΔG, which is an input in the model, depends on the binding species and is obtained from the radial distribution function of K+ around the charged monomer of a singly charged, short PAA chain in dilute solutions. We find that the model yields semi-quantitative predictions for ΔGeff and the degree of potassium binding to PAA chains, α, as a function of PAA charge fraction without using fitting parameters.