bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internet-Based Prevention Program of Victimization for Youth in Care and Care Leavers (EMPOWER YOUTH): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Wagner Birgit , Reuter Laurence , van Noort Betteke Maria
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

The global estimate of the number of children in institutional care is around 5 million, with around 1 million of these children living in Europe. In Germany, about 75,000 children and adolescents find themselves in the foster care system and about 93,000 additional children and adolescents are living in institutions. Traumatic experiences and neglect in childhood are highly prevalent among these youth in care and are related to severe long-term effects. Childhood maltreatment and abuse can increase the risk of future victimization experiences. Although youth in care are at risk of victimization or revictimization, no specific evidence-based prevention program has been designed to address these specific needs.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a newly developed 6-module internet-based prevention program of victimization for youth in care, named EMPOWER YOUTH.

METHODS

In a randomized controlled trial, the intervention group will be compared to a waiting-list control group with an unblinded 1:1 allocation ratio. Assessments will take place before randomization (baseline) and at follow-up 18 weeks after baseline (ie, 12 weeks after finishing the last module of the program). The primary endpoint is the number of victimization, and online and offline bullying experiences (composite score) at the 18-week follow-up. Secondary endpoints are risk-taking behavior, aggressive tendencies, empathy, prosocial behavior, depressiveness, and loneliness at follow-up. The expected outcome requires a sample size of 156 subjects to achieve a power of 80%. Assuming a 30% dropout rate at follow-up, we require 225 participants to be allocated to the trial. Participants are youth in care, that is, adolescents in foster care, adopted adolescents, or young care leavers aged 14 to 21 years.

RESULTS

Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Medical School Berlin in March 2021 (MSB-2021/55). Recruitment started in September 2021 and is planned until November 2022. The results are expected to be published in January 2023.

CONCLUSIONS

Given the increased likelihood for future victimization experiences among youth in care, there is a strong need for a low-threshold intervention specifically for this high-risk age group. There are no existing nationwide mental health programs exclusively for youth in care in Germany.

CLINICALTRIAL

German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00024749; https://tinyurl.com/tjaahayw

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/34706
A Novel Score for mHealth Apps to Predict and Prevent Mortality: Further Validation and Adaptation to the US Population Using the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data Set (Preprint)
Authors: Elnakib Shatha , Vecino-Ortiz Andres I , Gibson Dustin G , Agarwal Smisha , Trujillo Antonio J , Zhu Yifan , Labrique Alain B
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

The C-Score, which is an individual health score, is based on a predictive model validated in the UK and US populations. It was designed to serve as an individualized point-in-time health assessment tool that could be integrated into clinical counseling or consumer-facing digital health tools to encourage lifestyle modifications that reduce the risk of premature death.

OBJECTIVE

Our study aimed to conduct an external validation of the C-Score in the US population and expand the original score to improve its predictive capabilities in the US population. The C-Score is intended for mobile health apps on wearable devices.

METHODS

We conducted a literature review to identify relevant variables that were missing in the original C-Score. Subsequently, we used data from the 2005 to 2014 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; N=21,015) to test the capacity of the model to predict all-cause mortality. We used NHANES III data from 1988 to 1994 (N=1440) to conduct an external validation of the test. Only participants with complete data were included in this study. Discrimination and calibration tests were conducted to assess the operational characteristics of the adapted C-Score from receiver operating curves and a design-based goodness-of-fit test.

RESULTS

Higher C-Scores were associated with reduced odds of all-cause mortality (odds ratio 0.96, P<.001). We found a good fit of the C-Score for all-cause mortality with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72. Among participants aged between 40 and 69 years, C-Score models had a good fit for all-cause mortality and an AUC >0.72. A sensitivity analysis using NHANES III data (1988-1994) was performed, yielding similar results. The inclusion of sociodemographic and clinical variables in the basic C-Score increased the AUCs from 0.72 (95% CI 0.71-0.73) to 0.87 (95% CI 0.85-0.88).

CONCLUSIONS

Our study shows that this digital biomarker, the C-Score, has good capabilities to predict all-cause mortality in the general US population. An expanded health score can predict 87% of the mortality in the US population. This model can be used as an instrument to assess individual mortality risk and as a counseling tool to motivate behavior changes and lifestyle modifications.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare resource utilization across selected disease areas in the USA
Authors: Engelbrecht Kayla , Roy Srinjoy , Capkun Gorana , Kahler Kristijan , Olson Melvin
Published: June 2022

Aim:
To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on US healthcare resource utilization.
Methods:
Optum claims data were used to compare all-cause healthcare visits and healthcare spending for selected diseases between the prepandemic and pandemic periods. Telemedicine use was only assessed for the pandemic period owing to data availability.
Results:
During the first wave of the pandemic, all-cause healthcare visits across all selected disease areas displayed a rapid decline compared with the prepandemic period, followed by a period of recovery. A reduction in outpatient and home healthcare spending was observed, whereas inpatient and prescription spending increased.
Conclusion:
Changes in healthcare resource utilization trends were observed during the pandemic. The magnitude of these changes can inform subsequent studies that utilize COVID-19-era data.
ПРИВНОСИМАЯ ДЕФЕКТНОСТЬ ПРИ ФОРМИРОВАНИИ НАНОСТРУКТУР В ВАКУУМЕ
Authors: Панфилов Ю.В. , Колесник Л.Л.
Published: June 2022

Проанализированы основные источники привносимой дефектности изделий микро- и наноэлектроники в вакуумном технологическом оборудовании кластерного типа. Рассмотрены механизмы формирования потоков мелкодисперсных частиц в шлюзовых и технологических вакуумных камерах, молекулярных загрязнений и следов металлов в результате изнашивания конструкционных материалов и трибодесорбции.
Teoría del Estado
Authors:   FES Aragón UNAM, Ornelas Garnica Esmeralda
Published: June 2022

Analizar los elementos que conforman al Estado destacando a la población como el componente base para el inicio y desarrollo de las instituciones, y al territorio, que sirve de sustento físico y delimitación jurídica para el poder del gobierno, determinando las bases conceptuales, las características, las funciones y las facultades de la estructura estatal para comprender lo que hace funcional al Estado, así como sus fines, enfocados en satisfacer el interés general y el bien común.
The Effect of Role Playing Technique on Students Speaking Ability
Authors: Swondo Ashari P
Published: June 2022

This study attempted to investigate the effect of role playing technique on student’s speaking ability. The purpose of the study is to find out whether or not there is a significant effect of the technique. The population of this study was 72 students of Potensi Utama University which located at Jl.K.L.Yos Sudarso, Km. 6,5 No. 3A Tanjung Mulia Medan. From this population, two groups were chosen randomly as sample by using lottery system, namely: The control group and experimental group. The total number of sample was 30 students. The instrument used for collecting data was oral test. The scoring system based on a rating system in which a short description on the student’s performance in a scale. In order to see whether or not there is a significant effect between the two techniques, the result of the tests were analyzed tatistically by using the t–test. From the calculation, it is obtained that t–observed is higher than t–critical value. It means that the hypothesis is accepted. In other words, it can be concluded that the role-playing technique significantly influenced the students’ speaking ability in English.
THE EFFECT OF MISCUE ANALYSIS AND INTERACTIVE COMPENSATORY MODEL ON IMPROVING STUDENTS INFERENTIAL READING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Harahap Dina Irmayanti
Published: June 2022

The objectives of this study were to investigate whether (1) Achievement in
THE ANALYSIS OF THE TEXT IN SIBOLGA HISTORY BROCHURE BY USING SISTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTIC
Authors: Andriani Nova
Published: June 2022

This Study deals with textual functions in the text of Sibolga History. The objectives of the study were to: (1) describe the types of themes in the text of Sibolga History brochure and (2) identify the social contexts in the text of Sibolga History brochure. This research applied qualitative descriptive design to describe the data analysis. The qualitative analysis was applied in order to find out theoretically related to the research questions. The source of data was the text of Sibolga History brochure which consists of 22 paragraphs. The source was taken through documents that were written in the text of Sibolga History. The data was analyzed by Miles and Huberman model. The theme focused on Topical theme and there are 103 clauses of theme. The text was analyzed with the reference to the theories of Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL). The finding showed that the proportions are: (1) Marked Simple Theme is 53 %, (2) Marked Multiple Theme is 5%, (3) Unmarked Simple Theme is 41 % and the last (4) Unmarked Multiple Theme wascan not found. It was concluded that the Marked Simple Theme are used in large number and Marked MultipleTheme are used in smaller number. The social context in this text can be seen through the field, tenor and mode of the text of Sibolga History brochure.
THE ANALYSIS OF APPLYING QUESTION-MAKING TASK TO COMPREHEND TOEFL SUBJECTS
Authors: Hasbi Nasution Nur'afifah
Published: June 2022

TOEFL (Test of English as Foreign Language) is widely used to measure one’s ability in English. In fact, learning TOEFL is always by answering questions. Whatever the subjects (listening, structure, error analysis or reading), students will be faced on a lot of questions. In many cases, students were tired and bored of answering questions. They even did not comprehend the subjects. To solve that problem, applying question-making task can be a solution. This study explained how the task improved students’ comprehension on TOEFL subjects. Furthermore, the task would build students’ motivation to involve in teaching-learning process. This study was also focused on exploring the result of applying question-making task as a TOEFL teaching tool. The aim of this study is to introduce TOEFL teaching technique that could enable students to comprehend TOEFL subjects. In addition, by making their own questions would motivate them to be involved in learning process.
THE MAINTENANCE OF MINANG LANGUAGE BY MINANG’S FAMILY IN KOTAMATSUM II MEDAN
Authors: Uswar Yenita
Published: June 2022

The objectives of this qualitative research were (1) to identify the factors that affect the maintenance of Minang language (ML) in Kotamatsum II Medan, (2) to discover the parents’ efforts in maintaining ML in Kotamatsum II Medan and (3) to find out the reason why the speakers have to maintain ML. The population is the Minang’s people in Kotamatsum II Medan. The sample was 10 families including 10 parents and their children. The research sees to investigate the language maintenance both parents and children by Minang’s families in Kotamatsum II Medan. After distributing questionnaire and did some interviews it is found that Minang’s families in Kotamatsum II Medan especially for the third generation (children) had the danger level in ML when they communicated to each other. Meanwhile, the data analysis also showed that both fathers and mothers communicated to each other with ML but when they communicated to their children sometimes they mixed between Indonesia and Minang Language. This condition occurred because of the influence of the environment
RANDAI AS REVITALIZATION OF LOCAL WISDOM VALUES OF MINANGKABAU (Anthropolinguistic Case Study)
Authors: Aprilyanti Aprilyanti
Published: June 2022

Randai is indigeneous oral literature that performed and seen as an interaction medium that has been rooted in Minangkabau society from generation to generation. The purpose of the study was to describe the local wisdom values of Minangkabau in performance of randai. The instrument used for collecting data was written test. The method of the study used library research by Miles Huberman (2014). These data were analysed applying qualitative descriptive method to find out and describe the local wisdom values of Minangkabau in performance of Randai based on antropolinguistics study. The results of the study showed that there can be found the local wisdom values of minangkabau culture from performance of randai. Hence, it was concluded that randai should be revitalised and inventorised not for the Minangkabau society but also for Indonesian culture.
STUDENTS’ ERRORS IN USING MODALS
Authors: Maisaroh Enni
Published: June 2022

This study deals with the students’ errors in using modals of Can, May and Must. There were 25 students chosen as the sample who were asked to write compositions containing the modals. There were errors found in the writings which were categorized into 10 types according to the use of the modals. Type 1 (modal + simple infinitive to) is the dominant errors while Type 5 ( modal + pronoun) is the fewest. In all, there were 52 errors made in 192 modals used. Therefore, the percentage of the errors is 27%. This implies that the students could use the modals quite well. The second most difficult in the compositions is Must (34.92%) while according to their responses in the questionnaire the most difficult modal verb is May (48%) the causes of the errors were that the students lacked the knowledge of the uses; They seldom, practiced the use of the modals in compositions , and applied translation approach to use the modals in their writings. It is suggested that they be taught the pattern modal + simple infinitive to because this is the most common error.
Latvijas Valsts universitātes pētnieku līdzdalība PSRS militārajos pētījumos un izstrādēs 20. gadsimta 60.–80. gados: pēc LVU Pirmās nodaļas materiāliem
Authors:   Latvijas Universitātes Latvijas vēstures institūts, Krēsliņš Uldis
Published: June 2022

Pēc Latvijas inkorporācijas PSRS sastāvā Latvijā sāka izplatīties zinātnes militarizācija un kā nozīmīgs zinātnes un jauno zinātnieku sagatavošanas centrs 60. gadu sākumā militārajos pētījumos tika iesaistīta arī Latvijas Valsts universitāte. Šo pētījumu dokumentāciju un saraksti pārraudzīja īpašs 1946. gadā LVU struktūrā nodibināts slepenās lietvedības institūts – t. s. Pirmā nodaļa –, kuras uzdevums atbilstoši pastāvošajiem likumiem un instrukcijām bija nodrošināt valsts noslēpuma saglabāšanu LVU. Līdzās teorētiskām studijām – studentu slepenu diplomdarbu aizstāvēšanai un atsauksmēm par tādiem no citām augstskolām – LVU pētnieki piedalījās arī militāros lietišķos pētījumos. Daudzveidīgi ar militāriem pētījumiem saistīti aprēķini tika veikti LVU Skaitļošanas centrā, ilggadēju pirotehnisko sastāvu stabilitātes pētījumu programmu īstenoja LVU Ķīmijas fakultāte, bet plašāk zināmais LVU pētnieku sasniegums bija izstrādes kosmiskajā ģeodēzijā.
LU Filoloģijas un filozofijas fakultātes bibliotēkas pirmskara perioda inventāra grāmatas
Authors:   LU Bibliotēkas Krājuma izmantošanas un attīstības departaments, Mantiniece Ilga
Published: June 2022

Latvijas Universitātes (LU) Filoloģijas un filozofijas fakultātes bibliotēkas pirmskara perioda inventāra grāmatas, salīdzinot ar pārējo LU struktūrvienību bibliotēku inventāra grāmatām, sniedz vispilnīgāko vēsturisko informāciju. Tās ne tikai uzskaita fakultātes bibliotēkas krājumu, bet var tikt izmantotas kā pavediens uz savstarpēji saistītu informāciju par starpkaru perioda un Universitātes dzīvi. Fiksētā informācija par iegādes avotiem (pirkšana/ziedošana, iesaistītās personības), grāmatu un periodisko izdevumu uzskaitījumā gadu gaitā vērojamās izmaiņas attiecībā uz tendencēm studiju procesa nodrošināšanas tematikas ziņā vai prioritātēm grūtos apstākļos – tas viss ir bagātīgs vēsturiskās informācijas avots, kas skatāms attiecīgajā kontekstā.
Jānis Arnolds Lūsis – ģenētiķis un zoologs
Authors: Raipulis Jēkabs
Published: June 2022

Ģenētiķis Jānis Arnolds Lūsis (1897–1979) pēc Ļeņingradas Valsts universitātes beigšanas 1923. gadā palika strādāt Padomju Savienībā gan par pasniedzēju vairākās augstskolās, gan par zinātnisko darbinieku PSRS Zinātņu akadēmijas Ģenētikas institūtā un arī vēl vairākās citās zinātniskajās iestādēs. Ģenētikas institūtā viņš vadīja mājdzīvnieku Ģenētikas un evolūcijas nodaļu, kur organizēja mājdzīvnieku resursu un ģenētikas izpēti Vidusāzijas republikās un Kaukāzā, kā arī Mongolijas Tautas republikā. Šai izpētē viņš piedalījās arī pats. Uz šo pētījumu pamata viņš sastādīja programmas mājdzīvnieku turēšanas apstākļu uzlabošanai un selekcijas darbam. J. Lūsis izplānoja unikālu starpsugu savvaļas kalnu auna arhara krustojumu ar mājas aitām selekcijas sistēmu, kuras rezultātā tika iegūta jauna, augstkalnu ap­stākļiem piemērota arharomerīnu aitu šķirne. Pēc ģenētikas aizliegšanas Padomju Savienībā 1948. gadā J. Lūsis palika bez darba. Viņam pēc vairākiem nesekmīgiem mēģinājumiem tomēr izdevās kļūt par Latvijas Valsts universitātes Bioloģijas fakultātes zooloģijas pasniedzēju. Gan Krievijā, gan Latvijā paralēli oficiālajām pētījumu tēmām viņš veica divpunktu mārīšu ģenētikas, ekoloģijas un evolūcijas pētījumus, kuri pazīstami tālu aiz Latvijas robežām. Pēc ģenētikas reabilitācijas 1964. gadā J. Lūsis atjaunoja ģenētikas pasniegšanu Latvijas Valsts universitātē un veica plašu organizatorisko darbu, lai ģenētika atkal ieņemtu tai pienākošos vietu zinātnes apritē. Latvijā viņš izaudzināja veselu zoologu un ģenētiķu paaudzi.
Latvijas Universitātes absolvents Pēteris Ārends – Pieminekļu valdes darbinieks
Authors:   Madonas Novadpētniecības un mākslas muzejs, Zvirgzdiņš Indulis
Published: June 2022

Latvijas Universitātes Arhitektūras fakultātes students Pēteris Ārends (1900–1960) pēc Paula Kundziņa ierosinājuma iesaistījās Pieminekļu valdes darbā un strādāja tajā līdz aizbraukšanai no Latvijas 1944. gada rudenī. Ar viņa līdzdalību veidots Brīvdabas muzejs, viņš piedalījās viduslaiku pilsdrupu saglabāšanā, piļu pārbūvju projektēšanā, gatavoja publikācijas par dažādiem celtniecības, etnogrāfijas pieminekļiem, apkopoja ziņas par būvniecību Latvijas Republikā. Latvijā mūsdienās dabā skatāmi pāris viņa realizēto projektu. Raksta sagatavošanā galvenokārt izmantoti Pieminekļu valdes sēžu protokoli, kas glabājas Latvijas Nacionālajā vēstures muzejā.
Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan Pertambangan Batubara Melalui Program Pengembangan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
Authors: Rahayu Sari , Yetniwati Yetniwati
Published: June 2022

This study aims to identify and analyze the implementation of social responsibility and the constraints faced by coal mining companies through community development and empowerment programs at PT.  Jambi Prima Coal. As for the formulation of the problem to be discussed in this study, namely : (1) How is the implementation of social responsibility for coal mining companies through community development and empowerment programs at PT.  Jambi Prima Coal?. (2) What are the obstacles faced in implementing the social responsibility of coal mining companies through the community empowerment development program at PT.  Jambi Prima Coal?. The research method used in this research is juridical empirical. From the research results it can be concluded that: (1) The implementation of social responsibility for coal mining companies through development and empowerment programs by PT Jambi Prima Coal has not been implemented properly, resulting in the budget as contained in the RKAB is not properly absorbed. (2) The obstacles faced occur due to lack of communication from various parties, including: PT.  Jambi Prima Coal, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, and the community. The settlement efforts made by PT.  Jambi Prima Coal, namely through the need assessment to the local community.
 
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pelaksanaan tanggung jawab sosial serta kendala-kendala yang dihadapi perusahaan pertambangan batubara melalui program pengembangan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat di PT. Jambi Prima Coal. Adapun rumusan masalah yang akan dibahas dalam penelitian ini yaitu: (1) Bagaimana pelaksanaan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan pertambangan batubara melalui program pengembangan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat di PT. Jambi Prima Coal ?, (2) Apa kendala-kendala yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan pertambangan batubara melalui program pengembangan pemberdayaan masyarakat di PT. Jambi Prima Coal ?. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis empiris. Dari hasil penelitian dapat dikemukakan bahwa: (1) Kelaksanaan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan pertambangan batubara melalui program pengembangan dan pemberdayaan oleh PT Jambi Prima Coal belum terlaksana sebagaimana mestinya, sehingga mengakibatkan anggaran biaya sebagaimana termuat dalam RKAB tidak terserap dengan baik.(2) Kendala yang dihadapi terjadi karena kurangnya komunikasi dari berbagai pihak, diantaranya: PT. Jambi Prima Coal, Kementerian ESDM, dan masyarakat. Adapun upaya penyelesaian yang dilakukan oleh PT. Jambi Prima Coal yaitu melalui need assesment (analisis kebutuhan) kepada masyarakat setempat.
Fyodor Dostoevsky’s “A Little Hero” as an Initiatory Text
Authors: Magaril-Iliaeva Tatiana G.
Published: June 2022

The article analyses Dostoevsky’s short story “A Little Hero”, the only literary work written during the author’s imprisonment in the Peter and Paul Fortress. The article shows how the essence of this work is to be an initiatory text, describing the hero’s step-by-step journey to gain his true spiritual nature. The main character of the story starts his path as a child for whom there is no place, with whom anyone can play as if he was a doll, and eventually becomes the one that is recognized as a knight who gained is place in the world, the one who has the power to revive the heart of the main female character, m-me M., and what is more important, the one who as a result of all his deeds has seen into his own true nature. The article demonstrates that through architectonics and carefully chosen details and images Dostoevsky relates his story to several European texts where the path to acquiring man’s spiritual nature is told symbolically, i.e. texts, that are in essence initiatory: Goethe’s novel Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship and Tasso’s poem Jerusalem Delivered. The article also identifies several semantic and symbolic coincidences with Titian’s painting Sacred and Profane Love.
Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment on Foreign Screens: Transformations of the Chronotope
Authors: Saraskina Liudmila I.
Published: June 2022

The paper analyses the only preserved foreign silent screen version and twelve foreign sound film versions and adaptations of Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment, produced in Europe, Asia, both Americas, and Australia from 1923 to 2016 — and defined as “faithful”, “based on”, “associated with”, “with reference to” etc. Specific objects of the analysis are the basic attitudes of cinema makers towards literary sources (originals) and the artistic potentials of the common motto of film directors: “This is how I see it”, applied to the process of translating a book into a film. The contents and quality of various screen versions of Crime and Punishment are here explored from the point of view of the transformations of the chronotope. To what time and place is the plot of the novel transferred, when it does not remain in its original ones? What happens with the plot, the characters, and the meaning of the novel, if the events are transferred to another cultural milieu and/or to another historical period? How is the novel’s epilogue (the perspective of Raskolnikov’s renewal and rebirth in the time after the novel) interpreted? An analysis of the screen versions shows that the fate of Raskolnikov remains a painful moment for the cinema worldwide: the central character of the novel is too deeply connected with the last century, he rhymes too much with its tragic fate.
A Reply to Irina Lvova’s Article “Dostoevsky’s Motifs in William Faulkner’s Short Story Tomorrow”
Authors: Meerson Olga A.
Published: June 2022

The paper contains a short reflection on the article by Irina Lvova “Dostoevsky’s Motifs in Faulkner’s Short Story Tomorrow”, published in the journal Dostoevsky and World Culture. Philological journal, no. 2 (18), 2022, pp. 227–236. The author points out an allusion to the Creed, unnoticed by Lvova, that partially corrects the correlation between the conceptions of Faulkner and Dostoevsky.
Contribution of Vegetation Restoration to Carbon Sequestration Driven by Ex-situ Poverty Alleviation and Relocation in Ecologically Fragile Areas---Taking Guizhou, China as an Case
Authors: Zhu Meng , Zhou Zhongfa , Feng Qing , Wu Xiaopiao , Liu Rongping , Wu Guijie , Zheng Jiajia , Luo Wanlin
Published: June 2022

Vegetation restoration in ecologically fragile areas has a significant
carbon sequestration effect, and the driving factors affecting it are
complex. In particular, it is usually difficult to achieve quantitative
assessment at the regional scale for this part of human activity
intervention in the ecological environment. The Chinese government’s
ex-situ poverty alleviation and relocation project has relocated
approximately 10 million people from areas with a fragile ecological
environment to urban centralized resettlement, which is a typical case
of weakened environmental intervention by human activities. Guizhou
Province, an ecologically fragile region in southwest China, was
selected as the study area, with a relocated population of 1.92 million,
accounting for approximately 20% of the total relocated population in
China. The carbon sequestration (CS) model of vegetation photosynthesis
and spatial analysis of geographic information were used to quantify the
contribution of human activities to the natural restoration of
vegetation carbon sequestration at the regional scale caused by the
weakening of environmental interventions, based on the data of net
primary productivity (NPP) of vegetation from 2000 to 2020. The results
show that the implementation of the ex-situ poverty alleviation and
relocation project acts as an external force to drive vegetation
restoration and carbon sequestration, which increases the slope of the
carbon density change trend (from k=30.9 to k=57.41), resulting in an
overall carbon density increase of 26.51 tCkm . The
results of the regional spatial analysis showed that the correlation
coefficients between carbon density and relocation intensity in the
5-year and 10-year change intervals before and after relocation were
r=0.976 (p<0.01) and r=0.949 (p<0.05), respectively,
indicating a significant positive correlation between vegetation carbon
sequestration and relocation intensity. Based on this, the carbon
sequestration contribution of vegetation in 84 counties (districts) in
Guizhou Province that implemented ex-situ poverty alleviation and
relocation projects was calculated, showing that 79 counties (districts)
contributed positively, accounting for 94%. The average contribution of
carbon sequestration by vegetation restoration in each county (district)
was 0.0556 Tg, and the CO emissions during the
emission reduction period were 0.2059 Tg. The other five counties
(districts) with a negative contribution to carbon sequestration were
distributed in regions with relatively stable ecosystems and mature
forests. This shows that human intervention in the environment changes
significantly in fragile ecological areas.
Discharge and Floods Projected to Increase More Than Precipitation Extremes
Authors: Duque Felipe Quintero , Villarini Gabriele , Prein Andreas , Zhang Wei , Krajewski Witold
Published: June 2022

Floods claim a high toll in fatalities and economic impacts. Despite
their societal relevance, there is much more to learn about the
projected changes in discharge and flooding. Here we force an
operational hydrologic model over the state of Iowa with high-resolution
convection-permitting climate-model precipitation to evaluate the
response of 140 watersheds to climate change. At the end of the century,
under the most aggressive scenario in terms of fossil fuel use, we show
that the transition from snow to rainfall and a ~30%
increase in extreme precipitation rates lead to a doubling of maximum
discharge during the spring and extended the flood season into the fall.
Total discharge volumes are also expected to increase. Our results
suggest that flood projections based on extreme precipitation increases
alone substantially underestimate future risk due to the nonlinearity of
the hydrologic response explained by long-term soil moisture memory and
its feedbacks with precipitation.
Return to work following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Arimaa Anssi , Knifsund Jani , Keskinen Heli , Kivimäki Mika , Aalto Ville , Oksanen Tuula , Mäkelä Keijo , Vahtera Jussi , Lankinen Petteri
Published: June 2022

Background and purpose: Amongst people of working age, the return to work (RTW) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is an important marker of success of surgery. We determined when patients are able to return to work after ACL reconstruction and identified factors that are associated with the timing of RTW.Patients and methods: We used logistic regression analyses to examine patient-related factors that may be associated with the length of RTW (above vs. below the median 59 days) after arthroscopic ACLR in a large cohort of patients working in the public sector in Finland (n = 803; n = 334 male, n = 469 female; mean age 41 years [SD 8.6]).Results: The mean length of RTW was 65 days (SD 41). Higher odds ratios (OR) were observed for age groups 40–49 and ≥ 50 years compared with ≤ 30 years old (OR 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.3–3.1 and 2.0, 1.2–3.4, respectively); for lower level non-manual and manual work compared with higher level non-manual work (3.0, 2.0–4.3 and 4.9, 3.4–7.0, respectively); and for those who had been on sick leave > 30 days in the preceding year (2.0, 1.4–2.9). Sex, comorbid conditions, preceding antidepressant treatment and concomitant procedures were not associated with the length of RTW.Interpretation: Factors associated with prolonged sick leave beyond the median time of 59 days are higher age, lower occupational status, and preoperative sick leaves.
Available methods to enhance regenerative potential of plastic materials for bone defects replacement in orthopedics. Part 2. Use of autologous human platelet lysate
Authors: Fayn A. M. , Vaza A. Yu. , Gnetetskiy S. F. , Skuratovskaya K. I. , Bondarev V. B. , Bogolyubskiy Yu. A. , Titov R. S. , Sergeev A. Yu.
Published: June 2022

In the previous article, we talked about the use of platelet-rich plasma. One of the promising ways to stimulate the processes of repair and regeneration in the tissues of the damaged organ in different types of pathology is the use of platelet-rich plasma lysate. This part of the literature review covers the mechanism of action of platelet-rich plasma lysate, indications and contraindications for its use, describes the results of treatment when platelet-rich plasma lysate is used to stimulate osteogenesis. The preparation technology provides for the removal of all cellular components from the plasma, so it becomes possible to store the obtained graft for a long time. The procedure for the preparation of platelet lysate allows the simultaneous isolation of all growth factors from the cells, since the platelet lysis occurs. Lysate of platelet concentrates can be considered as a preparation that contains a complete set of stimulating growth factors. Under the influence of the lysate, the proliferation of latent osteoblasts is resumed, the signaling pathways of angiogenesis are activated, the secretion of the factors accelerating angiogenesis is stimulated, the differentiation of osteoblasts and the formation of bone tissue are triggered. The aim of this article is to summarize the results of treatment using autologous platelet lysate to improve bone regenerative potential in orthopaedics. In a final article, we shall look at the ways to use autologous red bone marrow.
The trend for transplant medicine development: induction of immune tolerance or regulation of immune response?
Authors: Kildyushevsky A. V. , Moysyuk Ya. G. , Mitina T. A. , Kofiadi I. A. , Chuksina Yu. Yu.
Published: June 2022

One of the greatest medical advances of the last century has been the introduction of organ transplantation. However, despite the considerable potential of transplantation as often the only therapy for severe diseases, the toxicity of immunosuppressive drugs supporting the transplant remains a serious problem for its further development. Modification of immune response in order to form tolerance to the transplanted organ can play an important role on the way to minimize immunosuppression. Successful cases of withdrawal of immunosuppressive drugs for medical reasons in kidney and liver transplantation recorded in the literature, as well as the results obtained in the process of modeling such a situation in the experiment, prove that achieving tolerance in organ transplantation is fundamentally possible.

The aim of this review is to investigate the ways of immunologic suppression and fundamental mechanisms of immunologic tolerance in the field of transplantation and to review the latest clinical achievements in this respect.

The review describes various approaches to the induction of central tolerance in solid organ transplantation implemented in the framework of the original clinical protocols. Special attention is given to a new direction in transplantation medicine – cell technologies providing tolerogenic effect by means of peripheral mechanisms activation, in particular due to activation of suppressor function of regulatory T cells.

We draw the attention to the advantages and disadvantages of these two trends. Which of them is preferable? In which direction will scientific thought be developed for realization of the long-term goal of transplantologists: to avoid allograft rejection without affecting the physiological homeostasis of the body? Possible answers to these questions are discussed in this review.
Cytomegalovirus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: clinical significance and definitions
Authors: Dmitrova A. A. , Drokov M. Yu. , Tupoleva T. A. , Savchenko V. G.
Published: June 2022

Cytomegalovirus infection is one of the critical and life-threatening infectious complications in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The most significant risk factors for the development of cytomegalovirus infection are cytomegalovirus serostatus of the donor and recipient and delayed reconstitution of cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation.

The infection may be asymptomatic or may lead to serious complications such as cytomegalovirus disease, which happens in 10-40% of cases. Cytomegalovirus infection has different impact on patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. For instance, acute and chronic graft versus host disease may also be the risk factors for the development of cytomegalovirus infection. There is also information about the influence of cytomegalovirus infection on a graft failure. We also know that cytomegalovirus replication is associated with lower relapse risk in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia.

Antiviral prophylaxis and preemptive therapy are good strategies to reduce the risk of the cytomegalovirus infection. Despite this, cytomegalovirus infection is still associated with decreased overall survival and increased non-relapse mortality in recipients of allogeneic stem cells.

The aim of this review is to systematize modern concepts used in the management and treatment of cytomegalovirus infections in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Programas de Educación Parental para progenitores con hijos de 5 a 18 años
Authors:   UNED, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, España, Rubio Francisco
Published: June 2022

A systematic review was conducted to investigate the properties of group-based parent education programmes for parents with children aged five to eighteen years. Thirty studies were included. Sixty percent followed a quasi-experimental or pre-experimental design. The continents of North America and Asia published the most studies on the subject. The training actions were mainly carried out in educational, health and socio-community contexts, with a usual number of eight sessions, each lasting 120 minutes and held once a week. Most of the interventions targeted parents with psychosocial risk factors or belonging to racial or ethnic minorities. Seventy per cent had no follow-up evaluations. The most recurrent variables with statistically significant pre-post intervention results were parenting and educational styles and practices. The most common content addressed in parenting education programmes was family conflict, as well as techniques to increase appropriate behaviours and to decrease or eradicate inappropriate behaviours. Evidence has been provided to support the use of these interventions as a training and support resource for families in the process of educating and raising children and adolescents. Updated information has also been provided to guide the design of new parental education training actions or to update existing ones.
Use of vegetable and approximate oil waste
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ludyn А. , Reutskyy V. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: June 2022

Methods of using waste in the processing of vegetable and fusel oils - a solution of glycerin, amyl and isoamyl alcohols in order to obtain ethers based on them, and thus ensure their integrated processing and creating waste-free technology of these processes are proposed. The method of utilization of glycerin solution, which is a waste in the process of hydrolysis of vegetable oil, by its esterification with acetic acid to obtain a valuable ester - triacetin, which is widely used in many sectors of the economy is proposed. The method of utilization of the fusel oil fraction containing amyl and isoamyl alcohols by dehydration to form ethyl isoamyl ether, which is a valuable raw material for the synthesis of high-octane oxygen-containing additives and plasticizers, is also considered.
The study of the composition of chloroform fraction of ficariaverna
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Karpіuk V. , Polish N. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kachmar-Kos N. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Pavlіuk I. ,   JSC “Halychpharm”, Konechna R. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: June 2022

The results of the study of chloroform extract of the herb Ficaria verna, in particular thechemical composition and antioxidant activity are presented in the paper. 38 volatile compounds were identified: higher fatty acids, fatty acid esters, monocyclic and bicyclic monoterpenoids, saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes), etc. Research determined that chloroform extract shows antioxidant activity. In addition, the significant content of biologically active substances in the lipophilic volatile fraction of Ficaria verna. indicates the prospects for further research.
IMPACT OF OIL CONTAMINATION AND HUMATES ON THE GROWTH OF POACEAE
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Dzhura Nataliia , Boretska Iryna ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Podan Iryna ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: June 2022

The article examines the impact of oil contamination and humates (Humifield Forte and Fulvital Plus) on the growth characteristics of Poaceae, such as corn (Zea mays L.) of Dostatok 300 MV hybrid, spring barley of the Karat variety and spring wheat of the Diana variety. Oil contamination has proved to inhibit plant growth and affect a decrease in the amount of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves, which can be explained by oil toxicity and the acquired hydrophobicity of soil. Soaking seeds in humate solution proved the effectiveness of their use for corn (Zea mays L.) of Dostatok 300 MV hybrid and spring barley of the Karat variety: the plants developed well and accumulated biomass actively. The use of humates for spring wheat of the Diana variety did not produce the desired effect: growth characteristics were lower, and the studied plants were weaker. An increase in the number of photosynthetic pigments, especially carotenoids, in the leaves of Poaceae plants indicates the feasibility of using humates to increase the stress resistance of plants in the early stages of growth and development in conditions of oil contamination of soil. A stimulating effect of the combination of oil contamination and Fulvital Plus on the growth of Poaceae was proved. Fulvital Plus is a growth stimulator and deficiency corrector of plant nutrition elements. The results obtained from the research prove the effectiveness of using humates for plants and can be used to increase the stress resistance and yield capacity of Poaceae in man-made conditions and to develop phytoremediation technologies for restoring oil-contaminated areas.
ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE TECHNOLOGY FOR PREPARING METAL OXIDE ANODE
Authors:   A. Podgorny Institute for Mechanical Engineering Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Mykhaylenko Volodymyr , Gil Zinaida ,   A. Podgorny Institute for Mechanical Engineering Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lukianov Yevgeniy ,   A. Podgorny Institute for Mechanical Engineering Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lukianova Olha ,   A. Podgorny Institute for Mechanical Engineering Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Khinevich Oleksandr ,   A. Podgorny Institute for Mechanical Engineering Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Antonov Oleksiy ,   A. Podgorny Institute for Mechanical Engineering Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the development of low - waste environmentally safe technology for the production of combined metal oxide anodes. Low waste is realized due to recycling of nitrogen oxides and heavy metal compounds. It is established that the depth of purification of air from nitrogen oxides with water with neutralization of nitric acid with manganese carbonate exceeds 95%. It was determined that the residual concentrations of heavy metals of lead and copper in treated wastewater do not exceed, respectively, 0.002 and 0.06 mg/m3. The resulting manganese nitrate and lead and copper hydroxides are returned to anode production.
OBTAINING ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY ENCAPSULATED MINERAL FERTILIZERS USING ENCAPSULATED MODIFIED PET
Authors:   Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Lviv Regional State Administration, Grechanik Ruslan , Lutek Wojciech ,   Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Malovanyy Myroslav ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Nagursky Oleg ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Tymchuk Ivan ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Petrushka Kateryna ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Luchyt Liubov ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Storoshchuk Uliana ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the study of the prospects for the use of mineral fertilizers encapsulated in PET for bioremediation. This increases efficiency, prevents environmental pollution from undigested plants with plant nutrients, and minimizes the number of application operations. In addition, it disposes of a significant portion of PET waste, the uncontrolled accumulation of which poses a threat to the environment. The basic technological schemes of preparation of a film-forming composition and encapsulation of fertilizers are offered. The kinetic parameters of the process of release of batteries of granulated ammonium nitrate encapsulated with a film based on modified PET are determined.
A nonlinear fractional partial differential equation for image inpainting
Authors:   University Hassan II of Casablanca, FST Mohammedia, Laboratory of Mathematics, Computer Science and Applications, Gouasnouane O. ,   University Hassan II of Casablanca, Ain-Chock Sciences Faculty, Laboratory of Modelisation, Analysis, Control and Statistics (MACS), Moussaid N. ,   University Hassan II of Casablanca, FST Mohammedia, Laboratory of Mathematics, Computer Science and Applications (LMCSA), Boujena S. ,   University Hassan II of Casablanca, Ain-Chock Sciences Faculty, Laboratory of Modelisation, Analysis, Control and Statistics (MACS), Kabli K. ,   University Hassan II of Casablanca, Ain-Chock Sciences Faculty, Laboratory of Modelisation, Analysis, Control and Statistics (MACS)
Published: June 2022

Image inpainting is an important research area in image processing. Its main purpose is to supplement missing or damaged domains of images using information from surrounding areas. This step can be performed by using nonlinear diffusive filters requiring a resolution of partial differential evolution equations. In this paper, we propose a filter defined by a partial differential nonlinear evolution equation with spatial fractional derivatives. Due to this, we were able to improve the performance obtained by known inpainting models based on partial differential equations and extend certain existing results in image processing. The discretization of the fractional partial differential equation of the proposed model is carried out using the shifted Grünwald–Letnikov formula, which allows us to build stable numerical schemes. The comparative analysis shows that the proposed model produces an improved image quality better or comparable to that obtained by various other efficient models known from the literature.
ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROBLEMS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, PRESERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN BUILDING OBJECTS OF UKRAINIAN CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors:   Department of Architecture and UNESCO World Heritage Sites preservation of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Julianne Balaniuk
Published: June 2022

The article reveals the peculiarities of the coverage of the architectural heritage in Ukraine from the historiographical point of view. The theoretical basis of the paper is the work of national and foreign culturologists, urban planners, geourbanists etc. During the twentieth century the thematic sphere of research of the city as a cultural phenomenon has significantly expanded. If in the XIX century the analysis of the urban way of life (both in the city and in the suburbs) was conducted in general from an economic standpoint, in the last century urban culture has been considered in terms of administrative and economic arrangement, synthesis of social and natural sciences, population of the city center and suburbs. The literature argues that the architectural forms, structures and decorative plasticity of buildings and structures of the centers of modern Ukrainian cities, belonging to the same functional type, can be different depending on the chronological and geographical parameters. Within one functional type, there are can exist different types of architectural form. The architectural form of a building is formed as a set of certain characteristics, depending on the functional program, materials and structures, which can be classified by type, having previously agreed on their terminological characteristics.