bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Objective response after immune checkpoint inhibitors in a chemotherapy-refractory pMMR/MSS metastatic rectal cancer patient primed with experimental AlloStim® immunotherapy
Authors: Hirschfeld Ariel , Gurell Daniel , Har-Noy Michael
Published: May 2024

Background

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy is most effective in immune effector cell infiltrated ‘hot’ tumor lesions, such as occurs in deficient mismatch repair, microsatellite instability high (dMMR/MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC). However, most all metastatic CRC tumors are mismatch repair proficient/microsatellite stable (pMMR/MSS) ‘cold’ lesions, without significant immune cell infiltration, and are unresponsive to ICI. AlloStim®, is an experimental, allogeneic immunomodulatory cell therapy designed to convert ‘cold’ metastatic tumor lesions to ‘hot’ inflamed lesions. After AlloStim® immunotherapy, this cold to hot inflammatory mechanism can make it difficult to distinguish between pseudoprogression and actual progression on restaging CT scans, as inflamed metastatic lesions can appear larger and occult disease can appear as new small lesions.

Methods

To explore whether radiological progression after AlloStim® immunotherapy is due to immune-flare or disease progression, we administered a short course of a combination ICI therapy to a pMMR/MSS chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer patient enrolled in the StimVax Phase IIb clinical study that presented with radiological progression after AlloStim® immunotherapy. Our rationale was that an accelerated response to ICI should occur if the lesions were inflamed, while if the enlarged lesions were due to disease progression there would not be a response.

Results

Here we report a rapid, significant reduction in tumor burden in response to ICI administration in an AlloStim® primed pMMR/MSS mCRC patient with retroperitoneal and lung metastases.

Conclusion

This rare objective response to ICIs in a pMMR/MSS mCRC patient supports further evaluation of the combination of AlloStim® with ICI immunotherapy in MSS mCRC and other cold or ICI refractory tumors.

Trial registration

National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Registered 22 June 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04444622.
Understanding reliability of the observer-reported communication ability measure within Angelman syndrome through the lens of generalizability theory
Authors: Chen Dandan , Zigler Christina K. , Lin Li , Lucas Nicole , McFatrich Molly , Panagoulias Jennifer , Berent Allyson , Reeve Bryce B.
Published: May 2024

Aims

Caregivers rate improved communication ability as one of the most desired outcomes for successful interventions for individuals with Angelman syndrome (AS). When measuring communication ability in clinical trials, the reliability of such measures is critical for detecting significant changes over time. This study examined the reliability of the Observed-Reported Communication Ability (ORCA) measure completed by caregivers of individuals with AS.

Methods

The ORCA measure was completed by 249 caregivers with 170 caregivers completing the ORCA measure again after 5–12 days. Generalizability theory was used to examine the following sources of measurement error in ORCA scores: concepts, subdomains, assessment points, and the interactions among those facets and the object of measurement: communication ability. Three generalizability studies were conducted to understand the reliability of the ORCA measure for different measurement designs. Decision studies were carried out to demonstrate the optimization of measurement procedures of the ORCA measure.

Results

G and Phi coefficients of the original measurement design exceeded the 0.80 threshold considered sufficiently reliable to make relative and absolute decisions about the communication ability of individuals with AS based on their caregivers’ observed scores. The optimization procedures indicated that increasing the number of communication concepts and/or assessment points leads to more reliable estimates of communication.

Conclusion

The ORCA measure was able to reliably distinguish different levels of communication ability among individuals with AS. Multiple assessment points and or more concepts would provide more precise estimates of an individual’s communication ability but at the cost of survey fatigue.
Concerns regarding SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 mutations should be raised
Authors: Roney Miah , Huq A. K. M. Moyeenul , Aluwi Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd
Published: May 2024

JN.1 is a new variant of SARS-CoV-2 which is a subvariant of Omicron (BA.2.86) was first discovered in the USA in September 2023. The virus’s capacity to spread and elude the immune system may be impacted by a single alteration in the spike protein, which serves as its distinguishing feature. JN.1 has been classified as an interesting variety by the World Health Organisation. JN.1 might lead to a rise in infections, or its possible influence on public health is yet premature. Current immunisations, examinations, and therapies are still anticipated to combat JN.1.
Early-life factors shaping the gut microbiota of Common buzzard nestlings
Authors: Pereira Hugo , Chakarov Nayden , Hoffman Joseph I. , Rinaud Tony , Ottensmann Meinolf , Gladow Kai-Philipp , Tobias Busche , Caspers Barbara A. , Maraci Öncü , Krüger Oliver
Published: May 2024

Background

Exploring the dynamics of gut microbiome colonisation during early-life stages is important for understanding the potential impact of microbes on host development and fitness. Evidence from model organisms suggests a crucial early-life phase when shifts in gut microbiota can lead to immune dysregulation and reduced host condition. However, our understanding of gut microbiota colonisation in long-lived vertebrates, especially during early development, remains limited. We therefore used a wild population of common buzzard nestlings (Buteo buteo) to investigate connections between the early-life gut microbiota colonisation, environmental and host factors.

Results

We targeted both bacterial and eukaryotic microbiota using the 16S and 28S rRNA genes. We sampled the individuals during early developmental stages in a longitudinal design. Our data revealed that age significantly affected microbial diversity and composition. Nest environment was a notable predictor of microbiota composition, with particularly eukaryotic communities differing between habitats occupied by the hosts. Nestling condition and infection with the blood parasite Leucocytozoon predicted microbial community composition.

Conclusion

Our findings emphasise the importance of studying microbiome dynamics to capture changes occurring during ontogeny. They highlight the role of microbial communities in reflecting host health and the importance of the nest environment for the developing nestling microbiome. Overall, this study contributes to understanding the complex interplay between microbial communities, host factors, and environmental variables, and sheds light on the ecological processes governing gut microbial colonisation during early-life stages.
A taste of wilderness: supplementary feeding of red deer (Cervus elaphus) increases individual bacterial microbiota diversity but lowers abundance of important gut symbionts
Authors: Víquez-R Luis , Henrich Maik , Riegel Vanessa , Bader Marvin , Wilhelm Kerstin , Heurich Marco , Sommer Simone
Published: May 2024

The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the health and well-being of animals. It is especially critical for ruminants that depend on this bacterial community for digesting their food. In this study, we investigated the effects of management conditions and supplemental feeding on the gut bacterial microbiota of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany. Fecal samples were collected from free-ranging deer, deer within winter enclosures, and deer in permanent enclosures. The samples were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene. The results showed that the gut bacterial microbiota differed in diversity, abundance, and heterogeneity within and between the various management groups. Free-ranging deer exhibited lower alpha diversity compared with deer in enclosures, probably because of the food supplementation available to the animals within the enclosures. Free-living individuals also showed the highest beta diversity, indicating greater variability in foraging grounds and plant species selection. Moreover, free-ranging deer had the lowest abundance of potentially pathogenic bacterial taxa, suggesting a healthier gut microbiome. Winter-gated deer, which spent some time in enclosures, exhibited intermediate characteristics between free-ranging and all-year-gated deer. These findings suggest that the winter enclosure management strategy, including supplementary feeding with processed plants and crops, has a significant impact on the gut microbiome composition of red deer. Overall, this study provides important insights into the effects of management conditions, particularly winter enclosure practices, on the gut microbiome of red deer. Understanding these effects is crucial for assessing the potential health implications of management strategies and highlights the value of microbiota investigations as health marker.
Lensless fiber endomicroscopy in biomedicine
Authors: Sun Jiawei , Kuschmierz Robert , Katz Ori , Koukourakis Nektarios , Czarske Juergen W.
Published: May 2024

Lensless fiber endomicroscopy, an emergent paradigm shift for minimally-invasive microscopic optical imaging and targeted light delivery, holds transformative potential, especially in biomedicine. Leveraging holographic detection and physical or computational wavefront correction, it enables three-dimensional imaging in an unprecedentedly small footprint, which is crucial for various applications such as brain surgery. This perspective reviews the recent breakthroughs, highlighting potential emerging applications, and pinpointing gaps between innovation and real-world applications. As the research in this realm accelerates, the novel breakthroughs and existing frontiers highlighted in this perspective can be used as guidelines for researchers joining this exciting domain.
Use of metal-tagged environmentally representative micro- and nanoplastic particles to investigate transport and retention through porous media using single particle ICP-MS
Authors: Tran Emily Lena , Bevers Shaun , Smith Casey , Brown Stephanie , Malone Nathan , Fairbrother D. Howard , Ranville James F.
Published: May 2024

Microplastics and nanoplastics (collectively, MNPs) are increasingly entering soils, with potential adverse impacts to agriculture and groundwater. Environmental detection, characterization, and quantification of MNPs is difficult and subject to artifacts, often requiring labor-intensive separation from environmental matrices. These analytical challenges make it difficult to conduct experiments investigating specific MNP characteristics influencing their transport and fate, particularly when examining multiple plastic types at low concentrations. By synthesizing a suite of metal-tagged polymers, which are cryomilled to create polydisperse fragmented particle suspensions, single particle ICP-MS (spICP-MS) can be used to quantify MNP particle size and concentration in controlled fate and transport studies. Use of unique metal-polymer pairs enables accurate, simultaneous analysis of multiple MNP types which can be used to track total particle transport and retention within a variety of environmental matrices. This was demonstrated using saturated sand column transport experiments to quantify the movement of two plastics having different properties: tin-tagged polystyrene (Sn-PS) and tantalum-tagged polyvinylpyrrolidone (Ta-PVP). The behavior of these polydisperse, fragmented MNPs was compared to that of fluorescent, carboxylated monodisperse PS spherical microspheres (Fl-PS). Mobility of all MNP types increased with decreasing particle size, and hydrophilic Ta-PVP particles migrated more effectively than the hydrophobic Sn-PS particles. Furthermore, the addition of humic acid (HA) to the carrier solution increased the colloidal stability of both metal-tagged MNP suspensions, resulting in much greater elution from the column than in HA-free deionized water or moderately- hard water (ionic strength = 5mM). This combination of particle synthesis and spICP-MS analysis provides insights into the transport of MNP having physical properties that are representative of environmental MNPs and opens up a broad range of applications for study of MNP environmental fate and transport.
Factors Associated with Fatigue in COVID-19 ICU Survivors
Authors: KENNOUCHE DJAHID , FOSCHIA CLÉMENT , BROWNSTEIN CALLUM G. , LAPOLE THOMAS , RIMAUD DIANA , ROYER NICOLAS , LE MAT FRANCK , THIERY GUILLAUME , GAUTHIER VINCENT , GIRAUX PASCAL , OUJAMAA LYDIA , SORG MARINE , VERGES SAMUEL , DOUTRELEAU STÉPHANE , MARILLIER MATHIEU , PRUDENT MÉLANIE , BITKER LAURENT , FÉASSON LÉONARD , GERGELÉ LAURENT , STAUFFER EMERIC , GUICHON CÉLINE , GONDIN JULIEN , MOREL JÉRÔME , MILLET GUILLAUME Y.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Approximately 30% of people infected with COVID-19 require hospitalization, and 20% of them are admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). Most of these patients experience symptoms of fatigue weeks post-ICU, so understanding the factors associated with fatigue in this population is crucial.

Methods

Fifty-nine patients (38–78 yr) hospitalized in ICU for COVID-19 infection for 32 (6–80) d, including 23 (3–57) d of mechanical ventilation, visited the laboratory on two separate occasions. The first visit occurred 52 ± 15 d after discharge and was dedicated to questionnaires, blood sampling, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing, whereas measurements of the knee extensors neuromuscular function and performance fatigability were performed in the second visit 7 ± 2 d later.

Results

Using the FACIT-F questionnaire, 56% of patients were classified as fatigued. Fatigued patients had worse lung function score than non-fatigued (i.e., 2.9 ± 0.8 L vs 3.6 ± 0.8 L; 2.4 ± 0.7 L vs 3.0 ± 0.7 L for forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s, respectively), and forced vital capacity was identified as a predictor of being fatigued. Maximal voluntary activation was lower in fatigued patients than non-fatigued patients (82% ± 14% vs 91% ± 3%) and was the only neuromuscular variable that discriminated between fatigued and non-fatigued patients. Patient-reported outcomes also showed differences between fatigued and non-fatigued patients for sleep, physical activity, depression, and quality of life (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

COVID-19 survivors showed altered respiratory function 4 to 8 wk after discharge, which was further deteriorated in fatigued patients. Fatigue was also associated with lower voluntary activation and patient-reported impairments (i.e., sleep satisfaction, quality of life, or depressive state). The present study reinforces the importance of exercise intervention and rehabilitation to counteract cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular impairments of COVID-19 patients admitted in ICU, especially individuals experiencing fatigue.
Como se orientar diante dos dilemas na carreira: do estado da arte a uma ferramenta prática
Authors: Kuga Livia , Caldas Miguel
Published: May 2024

Com base em revisão sistemática da literatura, o artigo apresenta ferramenta para ajudar a enfrentar os impasses crescentes natrajetória profissional
Os desafios sistêmicos dos vieses de gênero
Authors: Meinhard Vera Regina , Silveira Claudio
Published: May 2024

Pesquisa mostra como ex-alunas da FGV EAESP percebem o impacto em suas carreiras das questões sexistas enraizadas na sociedade
Até onde vai o seu desejo de inclusão?
Authors: Fernandez Gabriela Torquato
Published: May 2024

Provocações para lideranças inovadoras sobre como se pensa a inserção de pessoas com deficiência no mercado de trabalho
Seroprevalence and levels of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies among medical students
Authors: Mara Silva Coelho Tania , Ana Luiza Rabelo Saldanha Ana , Rita Máximo Julião Maria , Fontelles Brasil Lívia , Montenegro de Carvalho Araújo Fernanda , Helena Gambim Fonseca Marcela , Francilene Souza Silva Maria , Dinelly Pinto Ana Carolina , Rodrigues Carvalho Maria Raquel , Henrique Alencar Carlos , Bezerra Perdigão Anne Carolinne , Santos de Oliveira Nayara , Lima de Carvalho Rocha José , Goberlânio Barros Silva Paulo , Vieira Perdigão Neto Lauro , Pamplona de Goes Cavalcanti Luciano
Published: May 2024

Objective: we evaluated the seroprevalence and levels of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies among medical students and the possible associated factors. Methods: a survey was conducted using the data collected in November 2020 and February 2022 in Fortaleza, Northeast Brazil. A questionnaire was administered, and blood and nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected. The Abbott test was used for the assessment of humoral response to the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. The total antibodies were detected using a SARS-CoV-2 antibody test (Wodfo). Swab samples were subjected to qualitative detection of viral RNA. Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS and GraphPad Prism. Results: the seroprevalence rate in 2020 was 6.22% (40/643), and no difference in prevalence was observed between the semesters (p=0.520). The seroconversion rate was 51.1%. The seropositivity rates were 48.9% for N antibodies and 100% for S antibodies. The antibody response to N protein was higher in 2022 (p<0.001). Loss of smell was the most prevalent positive symptom (p=0.032). The adherence rate to protection measures was >75%. Most students reported a decrease in family income (63.7%), an increase in anxiety (82.6%), and a negative impact on their mental health (85.7%) regardless of the seroconversion status. The worst indicators of mental health quality were observed in students who attended classes up to the eighth semester (p<0.001). Conclusion: students showed lower immune response than the general population, with excellent adherence to the preventive and control measures. Medical schools played an important role in the formation but not transmission.
Μελέτη της χρήσης παραγώγων αίματος μετά από ενδοσκοπική χειρουργική παραρρινίων κόλπων
Authors: Δινάκη Κωνσταντίνα
Published: May 2024

Σκοπός: Η χρόνια παραρρινοκολπίτιδα (ΧΠ) αποτελεί μία νόσο με μεγάλο επιπολασμό σε παγκόσμια κλίμακα. Η ενδοσκοπική χειρουργική παραρρινίων κόλπων θεωρείται θεραπεία εκλογής, όταν η νόσος δεν ανταποκρίνεται στη συντηρητική φαρμακευτική αγωγή. Η ανάγκη ή μη για επανεπέμβαση πολλές φορές καθορίζεται από τη μετεγχειρητική επούλωση. Η χρήση πλάσματος πλούσιου σε αιμοπετάλια (platelet- rich plasma, PRP) για την επούλωση των ιστών έχει μελετηθεί εκτενώς σε άλλους κλάδους της ιατρικής. Μέθοδοι: Η συγκεκριμένη προοπτική μελέτη περιλαμβάνει τριάντα ασθενείς με χρόνια παραρρινοκολπίτιδα με ρινικούς πολύποδες (ΧΠμΡΠ), που υπεβλήθησαν σε ενδοσκοπική χειρουργική παραρρινίων κόλπων (endoscopic sinus surgery, ESS). 15 ασθενείς συμπεριλήφθησαν στην ομάδα παρέμβασης όπου έγινε χρήση PRP και 15 στην ομάδα ελέγχου. Η μετεγχειρητική παρακολούθηση έλαβε χώρα την 1η, 2η, 3η, 4, 8η, 12η και 24η μετεγχειρητική εβδομάδα. Αξιολογήθηκε ο σχηματισμός συμφύσεων, κρουστών, η αιμορραγία, ο σχηματισμός κοκκιωματώδους ιστού και η φλεγμονή χρησιμοποιώντας οπτική αναλογική κλίμακα. Οι ασθενείς συμπλήρωναν και το ερωτηματολόγιο SNOT- 22 και επιπλέον αξιολογούνταν η όσφρησή τους με χρήση sniffin sticks. Αποτελέσματα: Στην παρούσα μελέτη βρέθηκαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές μεταξύ των δύο γκρουπ όσον αφορά την αιμορραγία, το σχηματισμό κρουστών και κοκκιωματώδους ιστού στην άμεση μετεγχειρητική περίοδο. Όμως, στην απώτερη μετεγχειρητική περίοδο δεν παρατηρήθηκε καμία στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά μεταξύ των δύο ομάδων. Συμπέρασμα: το PRP φαίνεται να έχει ευεργετική επίδραση στη μετεγχειρητική επούλωση στα πρώτα της στάδια στους ασθενείς που υπεβλήθησαν σε ESS. Η τεχνική είναι ελάχιστα επεμβατική, χωρίς ανεπιθύμητες ενέργειες και συμβάλει στην επίτευξη ενός καλού μετεγχειρητικού αποτελέσματος.
La contribución del asesoramiento pedagógico en la enseñanza secundaria de idiomas de adolescentes con trastornos del espectro autista y sus familias
Authors: Κώτση Δέσποινα
Published: May 2024

Η Διαταραχή Αυτιστικού Φάσματος (ΔΑΦ) ως μια δια βίου νευροαναπτυξιακή διαταραχή, με περιορισμένη κοινωνική αλληλεπίδραση, επικοινωνία, ενδιαφέροντα και επαναλαμβανόμενες συμπεριφορές, επιβαρύνει σημαντικά την οικογένεια ενός ατόμου με ΔΑΦ. Η συνειδητοποίηση ότι η πρόοδος είναι δυνατή είναι μια κρίσιμη καμπή για την ανάπτυξη, τη μελέτη και την ενσωμάτωση αποτελεσματικών προσεγγίσεων σε εκπαιδευτικά προγράμματα για την υποστήριξη των ατόμων με ΔΑΦ και των οικογενειών τους καθ' όλη τη διάρκεια της ζωής τους. Συγκεκριμένα, κατά τη διάρκεια της δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης, όταν ο εγκέφαλος αναδιοργανώνεται, η γλωσσική εκμάθηση αποτελεί μια πρόκληση για τους μαθητές με ΔΑΦ και τους γονείς τους. Χρησιμοποιώντας αυτό ως βάση, ο κύριος στόχος της τρέχουσας έρευνας είναι να διαλευκάνει την οπτική που έχουν οι γονείς με έφηβους με ΔΑΦ σχετικά με τη χρήση της Παιδαγωγικής Συμβουλευτικής (ΠΣ) στη γλωσσική διδασκαλία της ελληνικής γλώσσας στους εφήβους τους. Μέσα από μια περιγραφική ποιοτική μελέτη, με μια ημι-δομημένη συνέντευξη 32 ερωτήσεων (n=30 γονείς) και με εις βάθος ανάλυση, διερευνάται αυτός ο στόχος. Το βασικό συμπέρασμα, ως κατάληξη, είναι ότι οι συμμετέχοντες-γονείς εφήβων με ΔΑΦ επικροτούν την εφαρμογή της ΠΣ στη γλωσσική διδασκαλία των εφήβων με ΔΑΦ, καθώς τους οδηγεί στην επίτευξη καλύτερων γλωσσικών ικανοτήτων. Παράλληλα, οι γονείς χρειάζονται τη συνεχή παροχή ΠΣ από τα δημόσια σχολεία και το ελληνικό Κράτος, χωρίς κόστοςκαι με επαρκή διαθεσιμότητα εξειδικευμένου προσωπικού και πόρων, ώστε να διαχειριστούν τη διαδικασία της γλωσσικής εκμάθησης στους εφήβους τους με μεγαλύτερη ευκολία και ευελιξία.
Wypalenie akademickie. Właściwości psychometryczne polskiej wersji Oldenburskiego Kwestionariusza Wypalenia – wersja dla studentów (OLBI-S). Badania wstępne
Authors: Strzelecki Dominik D.
Published: May 2024

Zjawisko wypalenia akademickiego staje się coraz bardziej zauważalne i przyciąga wzmożone zainteresowanie badaczy na całym świecie. Pomimo rosnącej liczby rozpraw poświęconych temu problemowi niewiele uwagi zwrócono na kwestię rozwijania narzędzi pomiarowych do oceny wypalenia akademickiego, zwłaszcza na gruncie polskim. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie wy-ników badań pilotażowych (wstępnych) polskiej adaptacji Oldenburskiego Kwestionariusza Wypalenia w wersji dla studentów (OLBI-S). Badanie obejmowało 204 uczestników (M = 20,8; SD = 21,00). Wyniki wstępnych prac nad polską wersją OLBI-S, przedstawione w artykule, wskazują, że narzędzie to spełnia podstawo- we kryteria psychometryczne dla badań naukowych. Obie podskale wykazują za- dowalające wskaźniki rzetelności (wyczerpanie: α = 0,83; brak zaangażowania: α = 0,77). Trafność została potwierdzona poprzez korelacje wyników OLBI-S z innym narzędziem do pomiaru wypalenia oraz kwestionariuszem do badania zaangażowania w działania znaczące.
Bioinert ceramic inserts with zirconium oxide: manufacturing technology and clinical application
Authors: Ryaboshapko O. , Grizodub V.
Published: May 2024

The aim of the study. Experimental studies on the degree of influence on the surrounding tissues during implantation of samples of the main materials used for the manufacture of bioinert ceramic inserts in the clinic. In order to improve the method of manufacturing dental prostheses based on frameless ceramics, research was conducted on improving the edge fit, increasing the strength of the connection of the facing layer, which are the main direction in improving the inertness, strength and aesthetics of inlays during prosthetics. The conducted studies showed that there is also a need to study the bioinertness of the inlay material, which significantly distinguishes ceramic inlays from other designs that can be applied in similar clinical situations. Research materials and methods. A morphological study of the skin of white Wistar rats was carried out after intradermal implantation of Weron 99, Wirocer, Wirobond, IPS e.max Press ceramics. During the experiment, the animals were kept in the conditions and on the diet of the vivarium in accordance with the prescribed normative data. Experiments with animals were conducted according to established rules for working with them. Scientific novelty. The conducted research was aimed at improving the technique of manufacturing hip ceramic inserts using frameless ceramics. Studies have shown that unidirectional dystrophic changes in the epithelium and dermis of the skin of experimental animals during intradermal implantation of alloys: Weron 99, Werocer, Wirobond and IPS e.max Press ceramics are expressed to a lesser extent, which indicates a more significant bioinertness of ceramics when implanted in the tissues of the oral cavity . The result of experimental and bench research was an improved method of manufacturing a hip pressed insert. Conclusions. The conducted studies showed high inertness and structural strength of the material of the tabs, which gives grounds for their use in clinical practice.
Magnesium as a potential complementary treatment for ADHD - a review of recent literature
Authors: Smykiewicz Karolina , Michalczewska Aneta , Wierzejska Natalia , Pach Magdalena , Nowak Agnieszka , Fugas Agnieszka , Chmielowiec Zuzanna , Partyka Alicja , Dziedzic Mariola , Dobrzańska Justyna
Published: May 2024

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a relatively common neurodevelopmental mental disorder affecting an estimated 7.2% of children and adolescents, and 2.5% of adults. It manifests primarily through inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Multimodal treatment approaches are recommended, addressing the psychological, behavioral, vocational, and educational needs of patients and their families. Conventional therapies include pharmacologic interventions (e.g., psychostimulants) and non-pharmacologic strategies (e.g., psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy). The ongoing search for novel treatment options focuses on improving cognitive function, psychological well-being, and ADHD symptomatology. Nutritional interventions with vitamins and minerals are emerging as potential complementary or adjunctive therapies.  
This review summarizes recent literature (past 5 years) on the relationship between magnesium and ADHD, encompassing observational studies, interventional trials, and meta-analyses.  Evidence from recent publications suggests that children with ADHD have reduced magnesium levels and that magnesium supplementation improves symptoms. However, these studies do not definitively establish the exact cause-and-effect relationship between magnesium and ADHD. Current data are insufficient to recommend magnesium for routine ADHD treatment. High-quality, large-scale, and long-term studies are necessary to definitively understand the magnesium-ADHD link and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of magnesium supplementation as an adjunct therapy. These studies should define optimal doses, forms, and duration of supplementation for safe and effective clinical use.
How eating sweets affects the skin – the impact of high glycemic index diet on acne formation: A review
Authors: Rękas Barbara , Stradczuk Monika , Mazurek Wojciech , Mazurek Łukasz , Piętak Mateusz , Kruczyk Barbara , Gniot Marcelina
Published: May 2024

Introduction and purpose
Acne is one of the most common dermatological conditions, especially in adolescents. The etiology of acne is complex, and many factors influence the formation of lesions. Local inflammation, a proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes, hormonal influences with particular importance of androgens, hyperkeratinization, and excessive sebum production are essential in the pathogenesis. The factors stimulating these processes are complex and not always clear. Therefore, in our work, we focused on investigating the connection between a high-glycemic diet and the formation of acne lesions.
The state of knowledge
The link between diet and acne has been only mentioned in the literature for many years. However, the development of science has made it possible to understand the exact pathogenesis of acne and the relationship of acne lesions to specific dietary components. Of all the diet products, a high glycemic index diet stands out as the one with the most significant impact. Foods with a high glycemic index, i.e. those with a high amount of simple sugars, through an increase in the expression of factors such as insulin, IGF-1 cause excessive sebum production in the sebaceous glands and even an increase in inflammatory infiltration, which further exacerbates acne lesions. In the following review paper, we have looked at the metabolic pathways and hormonal changes that link the consumption of high glycemic index foods to the formation of acne lesions and described several original papers that unequivocally demonstrate the critical role of this diet on acne formation.
Summary
Based on the literature, we emphasize that in acne treatment, it is necessary not only to focus on medications but, above all, to look at the patient holistically, modifying the lifestyle with particular importance on modifying the patient's diet by lowering its glycemic index.
'Fintech' en Colombia: la apuesta por tecnologías financieras al alcance de todos
Authors: Rincón Cárdenas Erick Richard Alexis
Published: May 2024

Hacer transferencias mediante dispositivos electrónicos, solicitar créditos e incluso invertir en proyectos de financiamiento colaborativo se han convertido en prácticas digitales comunes y suponen una disrupción tecnológica. Sin embargo, ¿existe un marco jurídico que regule la actividad de las empresas que ofrecen estos servicios? Claves para comprender el desarrollo normativo del ecosistema fintech nacional.
Coordinated Inattention and Disclosure Complexity
Authors: Qu Hong , Williams Jared , Zhao Ran , Kwasnica Anthony
Published: May 2024

We examine a beauty contest game with an option to analyze an additional disclosure. We analytically prove that in some scenarios, coordination incentives cause sophisticated players who can comprehend disclosures to choose not to analyze them to match unsophisticated players’ actions, a phenomenon we call “coordinated inattention.” Laboratory experiments provide support for the coordinated inattention mechanism: Coordination incentives reduce sophisticated subjects’ propensity to analyze disclosures, especially when they believe others are unlikely to comprehend them. We further find that psychological biases help reduce coordinated inattention. Subjects are overconfident, sophisticated subjects overestimate others’ ability to comprehend disclosures, and both biases are associated with a higher tendency to analyze disclosures. Our analysis suggests that unsophisticated decision makers’ inability to comprehend complex disclosures has a negative spillover effect by reducing sophisticated decision makers’ attention to disclosures. Our results highlight the importance of the recent efforts of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) to make disclosures easier to comprehend.

This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.

Funding: This study involved no funding except the payments made to the experimental subjects; these funds were provided by Penn State University.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and electronic companion are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.01029 .
Explicit and Implicit Belief-Based Gender Discrimination: A Hiring Experiment
Authors: Barron Kai , Ditlmann Ruth , Gehrig Stefan , Schweighofer-Kodritsch Sebastian
Published: May 2024

This paper studies a key element of discrimination, namely, when stereotypes translate into discriminatory actions. Using a hiring experiment, we rule out taste-based discrimination by design and test for the presence of two types of belief-based gender discrimination. We document evidence of explicit discriminators—individuals who are willing to discriminate even when their hiring choices are highly revealing of their gender-biased beliefs. Crucially, we also identify implicit discriminators—individuals who do not discriminate against women when taking a discriminatory action is highly revealing of their biased beliefs, but do discriminate against women when their biased motive is obscured. Our analysis highlights the central role played by features of the choice environment in determining whether and how discrimination will manifest. We conclude by discussing the implications for policy design.

This paper was accepted by Marie Claire Villeval, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: K. Barron and S. Schweighofer-Kodritsch gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through CRC TRR 190 [Grant 280092119].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01229 .
Model-Free Nonstationary Reinforcement Learning: Near-Optimal Regret and Applications in Multiagent Reinforcement Learning and Inventory Control
Authors: Mao Weichao , Zhang Kaiqing , Zhu Ruihao , Simchi-Levi David , Başar Tamer
Published: May 2024

We consider model-free reinforcement learning (RL) in nonstationary Markov decision processes. Both the reward functions and the state transition functions are allowed to vary arbitrarily over time as long as their cumulative variations do not exceed certain variation budgets. We propose Restarted Q-Learning with Upper Confidence Bounds (RestartQ-UCB), the first model-free algorithm for nonstationary RL, and show that it outperforms existing solutions in terms of dynamic regret. Specifically, RestartQ-UCB with Freedman-type bonus terms achieves a dynamic regret bound of [Formula: see text], where S and A are the numbers of states and actions, respectively, [Formula: see text] is the variation budget, H is the number of time steps per episode, and T is the total number of time steps. We further present a parameter-free algorithm named Double-Restart Q-UCB that does not require prior knowledge of the variation budget. We show that our algorithms are nearly optimal by establishing an information-theoretical lower bound of [Formula: see text], the first lower bound in nonstationary RL. Numerical experiments validate the advantages of RestartQ-UCB in terms of both cumulative rewards and computational efficiency. We demonstrate the power of our results in examples of multiagent RL and inventory control across related products.

This paper was accepted by Omar Besbes, revenue management and market analytics.

Funding: The research of D. Simchi-Levi and R. Zhu was supported by the MIT Data Science Laboratory. The research of W. Mao, K. Zhang, and T. Başar was supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Cooperative Agreement W911NF-17-2-0196, in part by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) [MURI Grant N00014-16-1-2710], and in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [Grant FA9550-19-1-0353]. K. Zhang also acknowledges support from U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) [Grant W911NF-24-1-0085].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02533 .
Investor Sentiment and the Pricing of Macro Risks for Hedge Funds
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Lu Andrea , Zhu Xiaoquan
Published: May 2024

Hedge funds with larger macroeconomic-risk betas do not earn higher returns, in contrast to the theoretically predicted risk-return trade-off. Meanwhile, high macro-beta funds deliver higher returns than low macro-beta funds following a low-sentiment period, whereas the risk-return relation is flat following a high-sentiment period. We show that the sophisticated management of hedge funds explains this pattern. The relation between funds’ macro-risk betas and the timing abilities/investor flows is sentiment dependent, and such variation likely drives the contrasting beta-return trade-offs after high- and low-sentiment periods. A similar pattern is also observed in mutual funds.

This paper was accepted by Lin William Cong, finance.

Funding: X. Zhu acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72203035] and the Ministry of Education Project of Humanities and Social Sciences [Grant 22YJC790194]. Z. Chen acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72222004] and Tsinghua University [Grant 20225080020].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02792 .
Can Lawyers’ Facial Attractiveness Increase the Popularity or Customer Satisfaction? An Example of Expert Q&A Services
Authors: Chiu Ya-Ling , Wang Jying-Nan , Hsu Yuan-Teng
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of facial attractiveness on popularity and customer satisfaction. We conducted an empirical analysis using 7,525 professional experts’ photographs provided by a well-known expert question-and-answer (Q&A) platform in China. The findings showed that, although experts’ facial attractiveness positively affected their popularity, it negatively impacted their customer satisfaction. However, these relationships were moderated by gender. Facial attractiveness had a stronger positive effect on popularity for female experts than for male experts. By contrast, facial attractiveness negatively impacted satisfaction for female experts but had no significant effect for male experts. This study discusses the managerial implications of the findings and avenues for future research.

Funding: Y.-T. Hsu was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [Grant 2023M732269].
Fios da memória: “desenlear e re-enrolar” o novelo mnemônico em "Outros cantos"
Authors: Lobo Isabela Rodrigues
Published: May 2024

Este artigo é uma leitura mnemônica do romance contemporâneo Outros cantos (2017), de Maria Valéria Rezende, a partir da analogia do bordado – a trama e a urdidura correspondem à memória e ao esquecimento. A protagonista Maria, por meio de rememorações, confronta uma imagem remota do sertão nordestino, no contexto do pós-golpe de 1964, à imagem contemporânea, que é percebida dentro de um ônibus, em 2014, durante uma viagem de retorno aos vilarejos do semiárido. Partindo destes dois contextos surgem diversos desdobramentos da memória – individual, afetiva, coletiva e cultural –, chave de leitura do romance. Para respaldar este debate serão contemplados aspectos sublinhados, especialmente, pelos estudiosos Walter Benjamin, Maurice Halbwachs, Aleida Assmann e Jan Assmann.
“Ainda há muitos brutos para admirarmos”: a parcialidade da voz narrativa em "Carvão Animal", de Ana Paula Maia
Authors: Ferreira Letícia Vital
Published: May 2024

O presente artigo apresenta uma leitura da obra Carvão animal (2011), de Ana Paula Maia, a partir da posição do narrador no romance. É considerado que a autora, autointitulada naturalista, atualiza o narrador ideal do século XIX ao desenvolver uma voz narrativa correspondente às contradições e exageros narrados. O artigo, a partir de excertos do livro, defende que Carvão animal apresenta um narrador subjetivo a partir do momento em que realiza seleções baseadas na defesa da tese de redução do trabalhador ao trabalho que executa. Também leva-se em conta que há inserções de opiniões particulares da voz narrativa que muitas vezes não encontram correspondência no retrato da individualidade das personagens. Esse movimento, por sua vez, ocorre desde a Apresentação, o que possibilita a leitura desse texto enquanto parte da narrativa.
Uma narrativa de esquina: "Os sonhos não envelhecem", de Márcio Borges
Authors: Julião Rafael Barbosa
Published: May 2024

Em 1996, Márcio Borges publicou Os sonhos não envelhecem: Histórias do Clube da Esquina, que conta a história do movimento musical surgido em Minas Gerais nos anos 1960 e desenvolvido ao longo da década seguinte. O livro pertence a um gênero textual híbrido, no limite entre a autobiografia, as memórias, o romance de formação e o romance geracional. O prefácio, de Caetano Veloso, reflete sobre a inserção do Clube da Esquina na história da canção popular do Brasil. O objetivo deste artigo é, analisar o livro de Borges, em suas dimensões formais e contextuais, a narrativa que propõe sobre a cultura brasileira do período, a relação que se estabelece entre obra memorialística e obra cancional e, por fim, a relação entre seu relato e o prefácio do artista-pensador do tropicalismo musical.
Cantar a infância, viver a morte, narrar o pesadelo: as memórias da ditadura militar brasileira nas narrativas e na canção de Caetano Veloso
Authors: Perdigão Hêmille Raquel Santos
Published: May 2024

Em seu livro Verdade Tropical e em textos publicados no jornal O Pasquim, o músico Caetano Veloso narra sua experiência com a ditadura militar brasileira, desde a primeira vez que viu tanques de guerra pelas ruas até a sua prisão e posterior exílio. O artista destaca como, naquele período, a dificuldade de comunicar seus sentimentos diante da experiência traumática fê-lo se sentir ora infantil, ora morto. Empregando a metodologia de contrastar a canção It’s a long way com os relatos de Caetano Veloso em alguns excertos dos seus textos narrativos, este trabalho propõe uma discussão de como o gênero canção facilitou a expressão das sensações de infância, pesadelo e morte experimentadas pelo músico durante a ditadura militar brasileira, narradas claramente em 1997, mas já cantadas em 1972.
Ser ou não ser poeta? Reflexões sobre o lugar da poesia na produção de Roberto Bolaño
Authors: Corgozinho Rubens
Published: May 2024

O presente trabalho propõe-se a uma investigação do lugar da poesia no interior da obra do escritor chileno Roberto Bolaño. Este, um dos mais relevantes prosadores latino-americanos de sua geração, insiste em afirmar-se, ao longo de sua produção e em entrevistas, como poeta, embora suas publicações em verso sejam muito menos numerosas e prestigiadas do que seu trabalho no campo da narrativa. Em razão disso, cabe pensar as razões que podem levar a essa insistência, apesar do desequilíbrio entre as duas formas literárias, bem como no lugar da poesia em si no campo da cultura como um todo, enquanto artefato marginal e de menor prestígio comercial. Para o desenvolvimento do artigo, são mobilizados críticos da obra do escritor e pensadores, poetas e filósofos que tomam a poesia como ponto de interesse.
Um corpo entre a palavra e a imagem: literatura e artes plásticas no diário íntimo de Frida Kahlo
Authors: Santos Erika da Silva
Published: May 2024

O presente artigo adota por objeto de análise o diário íntimo produzido pela pintora mexicana Frida Kahlo, durante as décadas de 40 e 50. Buscaremos identificar e analisar elementos constitutivos de seu corpo-textual inerentes tanto a arte literária, quanto as artes plásticas. Tal encontro interartístico, cabe ressaltar, decorre da subversão do gênero diário, sobre a qual também discorreremos. Além do mais, procuraremos demonstrar como tal produção corresponde a um registro não apenas da mulher que fora Frida, mas também da artista.
“À maneira de um palimpsesto” – Os diários de Virginia Woolf: uma entrevista com Ana Carolina Mesquita
Authors: Mesquita Ana Carolina , Fráguas Márcia Cristina , Silva Vinícius Rangel Bertho da
Published: May 2024

Nesta entrevista, concedida virtualmente a Márcia Cristina Fráguas e Vinícius Rangel Bertho da Silva (organizadores deste número da Palimpsesto), Ana Carolina Mesquita relata como tem sido a experiência da tradução dos diários de Virginia Woolf, além da importância do diário como gênero para a vida e a obra da autora de As Ondas, visto que foi por meio desse tipo de escrita que Woolf se consagrou como uma das maiores mulheres e artistas de seu tempo. Graças ao consistente trabalho de pesquisa de Mesquita, os leitores poderão compreender a importância de Leonard Woolf, Quentin Bell, Anne Olivier Bell e Andrew McNeille no processo de tornar os Diários acessíveis aos leitores.
Management and classification of the fracture of lateral process of talus: An overview and literature update
Authors: Wang Chao-Qun , Stöckle Ulrich , Dong Sheng-Nan , Li Xu-Gui , Ling Ze-Xi
Published: May 2024

Fracture of the lateral process of the talus (FLPT) is uncommon in clinical practice and can be easily missed or misdiagnosed. In recent years, as researchers from all over the world have further deepened their research on FLPT, there has been a breakthrough in the classification, and the methods and principles of clinical management have changed accordingly; however, there is still no standardized guideline for the diagnosis and management of FLPT, and there have been few relevant literature review articles related to this kind of fracture in the past at least 5 years. In this article, we review the clinical classification, classification-based therapeutic recommendations, and prognosis of FLPT, with the aim of providing a reference for the clinical diagnosis and management of this infrequent fracture.
Retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Malik Abdul , Naseer Qais Ahmad , Iqbal Muhammad Asad , Han Shi-Ya , Dang Sheng-Chun
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Bronchogenic cysts are rare developmental anomalies that belong to the category of congenital enterogenous cysts. They arise from lung buds and are present at birth. The embryonic foregut is their origin. Typically, they are located within the chest cavity, particularly in the cavum mediastinale of the thoracic cavity or lodged in the pulmonary parenchyma, and are considered a type of lung bud malformation.

CASE SUMMARY

A 49-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital due to the detection of a retroperitoneal mass during a physical examination. Two weeks before admission, the patient underwent a physical examination and routine laboratory tests, which revealed a space-occupying mass in the retroperitoneal region. The patient did not report any symptoms (such as abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, high fever, or chills). The computed tomography (CT) revealed a retroperitoneal space-occupying lesion with minimal enhancement and a CT value of approximately 36 Hounsfield units. The lesion was not delineated from the boundary of the pancreatic body and was closely related to the retroperitoneum locally.

CONCLUSION

Following a series of tests, an abdominal mass was identified, prompting the implementation of a laparoscopic retroperitoneal mass excision procedure. During the investigation, an 8 cm × 7 cm cystic round-shaped mass with a distinct demarcation was identified in the upper posterior region of the pancreas. Subsequently, full resection of the mass was performed. Postoperative pathological examination reveled a cystic mass characterized by a smooth inner wall. The cystic mass was found to contain a white, viscous liquid within its capsule.
Pituitary metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Wang Qing , Liu Xiao-Wei , Chen Ke-Yu
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Pituitary gland metastasis is an unusual event, and pituitary metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma is extremely rare and associated with poor prognosis. To date, approximately 15 cases have been reported.

CASE SUMMARY

Here, we present the case of a 64-year-old woman with pituitary metastasis derived from lung adenocarcinoma, which was difficult to distinguish from other sellar tumors. The patient presented to the neurosurgery clinic with blurred vision and intermittent headache. During hospitalization, brain computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pituitary macroadenoma. Chest CT revealed irregular nodules in the basal segment of the lower lobe of the left lung, which were likely lung cancer. Positron emission tomography-CT revealed a carbohydrate metabolism tumor in the lungs and sellar region, which was considered malignant. Postoperative pathological examination of the sellar tumor revealed lung adenocarcinoma.

CONCLUSION

Excision of pituitary metastases combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be a priority treatment for patients with pituitary metastasis.