bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Domestic Violence during Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis Approach
Authors: Javed Noorulain , Ahmad Saleem , Nargus Shumaila , Azizullah Muhammad
Published: February 2023

Background: Domestic violence is of various types and is associated with various health risks. This also effects fetal health. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of domestic violence during pregnancy in Pakistan and other international settings. Methods: Material was taken through several search engines such as Google scholar, Medline and web search. Data is collected mostly from those studies which are carried out after year 2000. It includes observational studies reporting estimates of prevalence and its risk factors among pregnant women of age more than 15 years. For this purpose 6431 papers were screened and 41 papers met inclusion criteria. Results: Total 115506 participants from all over the world were represented in the data. Meta-analysis produced pooled prevalence estimates of lifetime exposure to any type of domestic violence (DV) of 46.546 % (95% CI 46.258-46.834) by fixed effect and by applying random effect prevalence of domestic violence is 35.349 % (95%CI 28.972-42.000). Conclusion: Domestic violence is common among females with low education. In this meta-analysis, lowest prevalence of domestic violence in pregnant females is come out in Japan and highest in third world countries like Ethiopia, Africa. Keywords: Domestic violence, intimate partner violence, prevalence, Pregnancy, Pakistan
Common Indications of Exchange Transfusion in Neonates with Jaundice Presenting to a Tertiary Care Health Facility
Authors: Ashfaq Muhammad , Bai Shabeeta , Nisa Bader-U-, , Sial Quratulain , Ahmed Syed Habib
Published: February 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of common indications of exchange transfusion in neonates with jaundice presenting to a tertiary care health facility. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: Department of Paediatrics, National Institute of Child Health, Karachi Pakistan, from January 2022 to June 2022. Methodology: All neonates up to 28 days of either gender presenting with jaundice were included. Details about gender, ethnicity, blood group, feeding practices and indications of exchange transfusion were noted. Results: The mean age of the patients was 10.71±9.68 days. There were 66 (50.4%) males and 65 (49.6%) females. The Mean weight and gestational age were found to be 3.39±0.37 kg and 39.34±1.07 weeks respectively. Feeding practice among majority (n=78, 59.5%) of the mother was mixed (n=78, 59.5%). ABO incompatibility was observed in 31 (23.7%), Rh incompatibility in 24 (18.3%) and unidentified cause in 11 (8.4%) neonates. Practical Implications: For hyperbilirubinemia in neonates, ABO incompatibility was found to be the most frequent causative factor behind exchange transfusion. Conclusion: ABO incompatibility was found to be the most common indications of exchange transfusion followed by Rh incompatibility in neonates with jaundice presenting to tertiary care facility. Keywords: ABO incompatibility, exchange transfusion, jaundice, Rh incompatibility, neonates.
Investigation of Thermal Insulation Performance at Different Coating Thicknesses by Using Finite Volume Method
Authors: YÜCE Bahadır Erman , ÖZEL Serkan
Published: February 2023

In this study, the effect of coating thickness and thermal property on the temperature distribution of an internal combustion diesel piston was investigated numerically. A piston was modelled in three-dimensional, and then a grid independency test was performed. The optimum element number was selected without losing computational accuracy. The thickness values were considered as 250, 500, and 750 μm. Tungsten Carbide (WC) and Zirconia (ZrO2) were used as coating material. Convective heat loads were applied as boundary conditions. Temperature values in different locations were used to evaluate the thermal performance of the coating layer. The numerical results showed that WC doesn’t have a significant effect by the mean of thermal insulation and WC-coated piston top surface temperature is like uncoated temperature even with the higher thickness values. However, ZrO2 has a better performance as thermal insulation material, and its effectiveness increases with higher thickness values.
Special case of bilateral postaxial longitudinal deficiency in a 3-year-old child
Authors: Abourak Chaimae , Lahfidi Amal , El Hasbaoui Brahim , Oukassem Siham , Elmenaoui Wouadie , El Fenni Jamal , Edderai Meryem
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Considering the variety of their clinical, radiological, and etiological manifestations, congenital abnormalities of the upper limbs represent complex diseases. They can be separated into brachydactyly, duplication, differentiation failure, and training failure. Ulnar longitudinal deficiency, a deformity that belongs to the first group and is uncommon, manifests differently in the forearm and the hand. Postaxial longitudinal deficiency and unilateral radial humerus synostosis are common diagnoses.

Case Report: We present a case of a 3-year-old boy who had radio-humeral synostosis on the right side along with a typical congenital failure of longitudinal bilateral ulnar development.

Conclusion: While traditional radiography still plays a significant role in diagnosis and prognosis, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will soon be valuable diagnostic tools. Each case is different, and the treatments and the time of surgery are specific, the optimal treatment remains the prosthetic door; however, the placement of a prosthetic on a sensitive member requires early intervention of the patient and his family.
FUNGICIDAL FORMULATION BASED ON ESSENTIAL OILS OF CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS, LIPPIA MULTIFLORA AND NATURAL CLAY IN CONTROLLING SORGHUM SEED-BORNE FUNGI
Authors: DOSSA Komivi , BONZI S. , MILLOGO Y. , SORGHO B. , SOMDA I.
Published: February 2023

The fungicidal properties of formulation based on essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Lippia multiflora and swelling clayey powder containing montmorillonite (26 wt.%), iolites (21 wt.%), kaolinite (7 wt.%), orthoclase (20 wt.%), quartz (15 wt.%), goethite (2 wt.%) and hematite (4 wt.%) with specific surface area of 34.68 m2/g have been tested against sorghum seed-borne fungi, on two varieties (Framida and Kapelga). Aromatized powders were applied at 100 g and 800 g for 5 kg of seeds and the infection levels were evaluated after 7 days of incubation compared with untreated seeds and seeds treated with synthetic fungicide. The aromatized powders exhibited moderate to strong antifungal activity against the fungi Fusarium moniliforme and Phoma sorghina in both varieties. The mass formulation of 800 g for 5 kg of seeds showed the best antifungal activity. Clay-C. citratus oil  formulation was the most potent as compared to the synthetic fungicide in the two varieties. It reduced P. sorghina infection by 87.50% and 92.85% in Framida and Kapelga respectively. F. moniliforme infection was reduced by 40.74% and 74.15% respectively in Kapelga and Framida. The findings suggest that formulation based on essential oils adsorbed on swelling clayey material can be considered as alternative to synthetic fungicide for use in controlling sorghum seedborne fungi.
MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSES FOR AIR QUALITY CONDITION IN A STEEL PLANT IN KAOHSIUNG CITY, TAIWAN
Authors: Kuo Shu-Lung , Wu Edward Ming-Yang
Published: February 2023

Air pollution in Taiwan is mainly created domestically (by factories and power plants) or sent by other countries. Air quality is notably worse in the south compared to other areas due to the establishment of industrial areas and the northeast monsoon bringing pollutants that are not only slow to sediment, but can also result in the deterioration via air pollution. Also, it is not common to evaluate the characteristics and classification via air pollution in a region by the level of pollutants in Taiwan. Therefore, this study uses seven representative air quality variables from five air quality monitoring stations at a steel plant in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and applies multivariate statistical analysis to discuss the actual situation of, while reflecting the differences in, air quality among the five stations. It then applies the results to the classification of air quality in Southern Taiwan. Through factor analysis under multivariate statistics, the eight air quality variables can be simplified and categorized into three main factors: photochemical polluting factors, organic polluting factors, and fuel factors. These three are the main factors that affect air quality in regions near the steel plant. Moreover, through cluster analysis, air quality in this particular area can be categorized into four clusters, with each cluster representing different characteristics and levels of pollution in the area. The results of this research can provide a reference for government agencies to propose and verify new air quality assessment models, formulate testing models of allowed increment limits of air pollutants, and determine the effectiveness of air quality improvement schemes.
EVALUATION OF THE RESISTANCE OF SORGHUM VARIETIES AGAINST PHOMA SORGHINA IN FIELD CONDITIONS IN BURKINA FASO
Authors: DOSSA Komivi , MALGOUBRI T. Rachelle , OUEDRAOGO Noufou , SOMDA Irénée
Published: February 2023

Phoma sorghina, one of mold pathogen agents, is commonly and abundantly found on sorghum seed. In order to contribute to the improvement of grain quality, we undertook to evaluate the resistance of sorghum varieties in field. P. sorghina was assessed on vegetative organs and on the harvested grains using Blotter method according to ISTA 1999. The results revealed that P. sorghina is present at variable frequencies depending on the organ and the variety of sorghum tested. On harvested grains, low infection rates have been noted from protected panicles in comparison with unprotected ones with relatively high rates infection. With regards to P. sorghina infection, we have identified that Gnonfing is susceptible and in opposite Sariaso 08 is resistant to infection by P. sorghina. The results of this activity can be used by sorghum breeders in order to improve the resistance of the most commonly varieties of sorghum against P. sorghina.
THE PERFORMANCE OF FILTERS PLANTED WITH TYPHA LATIFOLIA IN THE REMOVAL OF AMMONIUM AND PHOSPHATES PRESENT IN DOMESTIC WASTEWATER
Authors: Seghairi Nora , Badache Sara , Guerrouf Nawel , Youcef Sara , Mimeche Leila
Published: February 2023

Systems for the purification of waste water by aquatic plants, functioning as biological assimilators by eliminating both biodegradable and non-biodegradable compounds as well as nutrients and metals. Several works have proven their ability to efficiently exploit municipal wastewater and industrial effluents. It is in this perspective that the aim of this study, which is to highlight the potentialities of a filter planted with Typha Latifolia to eliminate nitrates and ammonium present in domestic wastewater, is included. This work consists in controlling the purifying power of this plant during the passage of polluted water through this filter. The results obtained show that the elimination percentages are of the order of 90.38% and 91.65% respectively for ammonium and phosphates for a period of 10 days whereas the non-planted filters showed an elimination ranging from 68.65% and 78.11%.
OF GLAMOUR AND WISDOM
Authors: DIBAKAR
Published: February 2023

Creative writing is based more on manifestation rather than on expression. It does not inform rather it reveals, so it bears no reference. The present article is the outcome of creative writing meant for lay readers. As such free style is the methodology adopted so that the pleasure of reading can be enjoyed by the common people. As you know well that Francis Bacon (1561-1626), the immortal writer, wrote many essays, and notably “Of Love”, “Of Friendship”, “Of Ambition”, “Of Studies”, etc. The myriad-minded genius rightly pointed out that all the words of the dictionary can be the themes of essays one can write. But little has been done, in this regard since his death, in order to finish his unfinished monumental works. In fact Bacon's way of presentation and his unique style kindled imagination and inspired me to write essays, in the light of creative writing, thus to get relief through catharsis.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SOURCES FOR THE FUTURE: A NEW GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP SYSTEM FOR THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Omer Abdeen Mustafa
Published: February 2023

In the recent attempts to stimulate alternative energy sources for heating and cooling of buildings, emphasise has been put on utilisation of the ambient energy from ground source heat pump systems (GSHPs) and other renewable energy sources. Exploitation of renewable energy sources and particularly ground heat in buildings can significantly contribute towards reducing dependency on fossil fuels. Geothermal heat pumps (GSHPs), or direct expansion (DX) ground source heat pumps, are a highly efficient renewable energy technology, which uses the earth, groundwater or surface water as a heat source when operating in heating mode or as a heat sink when operating in a cooling mode. It is receiving increasing interest because of its potential to reduce primary energy consumption and thus reduce emissions of the greenhouse gases (GHGs). The main concept of this technology is that it utilises the lower temperature of the ground (approximately <32°C), which remains relatively stable throughout the year, to provide space heating, cooling and domestic hot water inside the building area. The main goal of this study is to stimulate the uptake of the GSHPs. Recent attempts to stimulate alternative energy sources for heating and cooling of buildings has emphasised the utilisation of the ambient energy from ground source and other renewable energy sources. The purpose of this study, however, is to examine the means of reduction of energy consumption in buildings, identify GSHPs as an environmental friendly technology able to provide efficient utilisation of energy in the buildings sector, promote using GSHPs applications as an optimum means of heating and cooling, and to present typical applications and recent advances of the DX GSHPs. The study highlighted the potential energy saving that could be achieved through the use of ground energy sources. It also focuses on the optimisation and improvement of the operation conditions of the heat cycle and performance of the DX GSHP. It is concluded that the direct expansion of the GSHP, combined with the ground heat exchanger in foundation piles and the seasonal thermal energy storage from solar thermal collectors, is extendable to more comprehensive applications.
THE ROLE OF GREEN ENERGY SYSTEMS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Omer Abdeen Mustafa
Published: February 2023

People are relying upon oil for primary energy and this will continue for a few more decades. Other conventional sources may be more enduring, but are not without serious disadvantages. The renewable energy resources are particularly suited for the provision of rural power supplies and a major advantage is that equipment such as flat plate solar driers, wind machines, etc., can be constructed using local resources. Without the advantage results from the feasibility of local maintenance and the general encouragement such local manufacture gives to the buildup of small-scale rural based industry. This communication comprises a comprehensive review of energy sources, the environment and sustainable development. It includes the renewable energy technologies, energy efficiency systems, energy conservation scenarios, energy savings in greenhouses environment and other mitigation measures necessary to reduce climate change. This study gives some examples of small-scale energy converters, nevertheless it should be noted that small conventional, i.e., engines are currently the major source of power in rural areas and will continue to be so for a long time to come. There is a need for some further development to suit local conditions, to minimise spares holdings, to maximise the interchangeability of the engine parts, and of the engine applications. Emphasis should be placed on full local manufacture. It is concluded that renewable environmentally friendly energy must be encouraged, promoted, implemented and demonstrated by a fullscale plant (device) especially for use in remote rural areas.
HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM REDUCTION POTENTIAL OF CHROMIUM RESISTANT TANNERY EFFLUENT BACTERIA AND THEIR CONSORTIA
Authors: Chakraborty Arindam , Bhakat Kiron , Basak Nilendu , Karmakar ,Mriganka Munshi , Islam Ekramul
Published: February 2023

Seventeen bacterial isolates from tannery effluent was tested for their ability to resist chromium (Cr) and reduce hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)). Reduction study was carried out by individual isolates and also by their consortia. All the isolates could resist 25 mg L-1 chromium. Some isolate was found to resist >90 mg L-1 chromium. It was evident that isolates those were more resistant to chromium were not necessarily reduce more chromium. Some of these isolates were identified by their 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In general tested isolates showed more reduction potential when Cr added at the starting point of culture propagation than Cr addition after passing exponential phase. Micrococcus sp. showed maximum Cr (VI) reduction ability in both condition. For construction of consortia bacteria were chosen according to their antagonistic and synergistic property. Those isolates exhibiting antagonistic activity to other isolates were excluded from consortia preparation. Two types of consortia were prepared by mixing well grown isolates in equal proportion. Type 1 consortia that was prepared by mixing six most chromium reducing bacteria showed lesser chromium reduction ability than type 2 consortia which was prepared by mixing isolates able to reduce >1500 μg Cr(VI) g-1 dry cell biomass. It has been observed that, although isolate Micrococcus sp. individually reduce more chromium, consortia including this isolate did not performed well. Other combination of isolates including Micrococcus sp. might be able to reduce more chromium and could be studied further.
PURIFICATION OF DISTILLERY SPENT WASH BY USING ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
Authors: Kumar Bharat , Gola Divyanshu , Singh Gagandeep , Singh Bisht Rajat
Published: February 2023

Purification of distillery spent wash using activated charcoal has great potential as a sustainable method as it is cost effective method. The purpose of this investigation is to study the activated charcoal purification method for purification of distillery spent wash. For this, the study encompassing evaluation of reduction of various physical chemical parameters (pH, COD, TS, TDS, Ca, Mg, Na and K) of distillery spent wash was done by passing it through the activated charcoal column. The distillery spent wash was acidic (pH 4.7) and dark brown in color which often cause psychological fear in farmers for its utilization. Activated charcoal purification of distillery spent wash exhibited maximum reduction in COD (48.98%), TS (64%), TDS (55.26%), Mg (78.03%), Na (60%), Ca (80.91%), K (75.30%) and increase in pH toward pH 7. Purified distillery spent wash showed a good growth of wheat seeds.
PLANCK CONSTANT
Authors: Leonidovich Sokolnikov Mikhail , Lerunovich Akhmetov Alexey
Published: February 2023

The connection to the Planck constant with Wien's displacement law and Kepler's third law. The exact value of Planck's constant for the liquid or solid state of aggregation of matter equals to h = 4*10-34 J*s.

The formula that combines four physical constants - the speed of light - c, Wien's displacement constant - в, Planck constant - h and the Boltzmann constant - k 3kв = hс
AN EXPERIMENTAL PREPARATION OF FUEL CELL QUATERNARY POLYVINYL BENZYL CHLORIDE (QPVBCL) ALKALINE ANION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS CONDUCTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: C. N Onyedim, , Scott K
Published: February 2023

There are different methods of preparing Quaternary polyvinyl benzyl chloride (qPVBCl) alkaline anion exchange membrane. The method which was chosen in this project is simple, relatively cheap and less time-consuming compared to the other methods. This membrane was prepared from a new polymer compound; polyvinyl benzyl chloride (PVBCl). The final membrane is a pale yellow and transparent solid, odourless, flat and smooth with the absence of air bubbles. Through-plane conductivity measurement was performed on qPVBCl alkaline anion exchange membrane and the result showed that the membrane’s conductivity rose from 1.35 x 10-2 S/cm to 1.57 x 10-2 S/cm as temperature increased from 21oC to 61oC. It also showed that the conductivity of the membrane was virtually constant at different periods of time at 61oC. The conductivity was found to be excellent in the fully hydrated condition at optimum temperature 61oC. These results give evidence that the ultimate qPVBCl Alkaline Anion Exchange membrane has enormous potentials for use in alkaline fuel cell.
THE FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF TOROIDAL CURRENT STRUCTURES.
Authors: Aleksandrovich Grigor’ev Eugene
Published: February 2023

In January 2000, made a scientific discovery - the first time in electrodynamics numerically calculated and experimentally measured external magnetic field (MF) elektroprovodnoi toroidal structures with a poloidal current (Fig.1). Earlier, in classical electrodynamics, it was considered impossible. The history of the discovery and its implications can be found on the websites http://thermonuclear.narod.ru and http://thermonuclear.ru Arrows labelled i, shows the vectors of the elements of the current. The Torah was considered with a ratio R / r ≈ 1 and R / r ≈ 2. The calculation results are displayed in graphs Cantor. The lines on the charts show the cross section of surfaces of equal tension of the MF. The graphs – in relative units The direction of the intensity vector, MF is perpendicular to the image plane, as lines of force MF are purely azimuthal (or tangential or tangent to the circle that lies in the XY-plane and centered on the Z-axis) component.  Initially, MF was calculated within the Torah.
SENSORLESS SELF-STARTING AND CONTROL STRATEGY OF RUSHLESS DC MOTOR
Authors: Yongbing Li
Published: February 2023

Brushless DC motor with sensors have problems, such as theirs large sizes, high costs, limited applications and so on.In order to solve them,based on STM32F103 MCU and taking it as the core,this essay uses  position sensorless control based on square-wave drive,it realizes the switching of zero speed to the motor closed-loop state through three-step start technique,it checks rotor position and speed by back-EMF method.At last,it makes the motor run normally. The effectiveness and feasibility of the control scheme proposed are verified through experiments.
POROUS SILICON FABRICATION PROCESS FOR OPTICAL REFLECTORS
Authors: Yue Ying , Zhen Nian
Published: February 2023

We describe the use of porous silicon fabrication technique for fabricating non-manhattan structures in silicon using wet etching. The fabrication method is simple to set up, economical and produces smooth etched surface. A solid source diffusion of N++ in a P type wafer with low stress thermally grown silicon nitride is used as a masking layer. Comparison of porous silicon etches with wafers solid source diffusion and implanted diffusion is presented. The result show that areas where a solid source diffusion is used form an etch angle of 70-80°, however using an implanted diffusion the etch angle is closer to 90°. The selectivity of the etch during porous silicon fabrication using any of the above two as masking layer results in fabrication of high aspect ratio non-manhattan structures. These structures since are wet etched do not have surface roughness and can be used for optical applications.
THE IMPACT OF SOME FEED ADDITIVES ON BEHAVIOR, WELFARE AND PERFORMANCE OF HEAT-STRESSED PIGEON SQUABS.
Authors: D. El Shoukary Ramadan , A. Mousa Mohamed
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to assessment the impact of supplementing pigeon squab’s diets with different feed additives on behavior, performance and some blood parameters during heat stress. One hundred and forty four, 4 wk-old age, unsexed pigeon squabs were used and divided in two groups. Thermonatural group squabs (TG) reared in 22 ºC, were fed basal diet, while heat-stress group reared in 34 ºC, and subdivided into 5 groups; heat-stress group was allotted to basal diet (HG) and four groups allotted to basal diet supplemented with different feed additives as natural feed additives (Moringaolifera(H1G) or fenugreek seeds (H2G)) and chemical feed additives (premix (H3G) or yeast(H4G)). Results showed that, Fenugreed seeds group (H2G) had more potent effect to alleviate the negative effects of heat stress on squab behaviors, performance,biochemical parameters and growth hormone, whereas the Moringaolifera, yeast and premix groups also have beneficial impactin alleviation the negative effect of heat stress, but less than Fenugreed seeds.In conclusion we could recommended the usage of 2 % Fenugreed seeds as feed additives to improve pigeon squab behavior, performance, welfare and biochemical parameters during heat stress condition.
ATOMIC COSMOGONY: OVAL DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATION SUB-ATOM AND ATOM
Authors: Sun Chunwu
Published: February 2023

According to  French scientist  Laplace, we must regard the current state of the universe as the result  of  its  previous  state  and  the  causation  of  later  development;  if  there  is  a  wisdom  to comprehend  the  location  of  each  entity,  and  even  to  analyze  these  things,  it  can  outlines  the movement of cosmic inventory with a single formula, from maximal celestial body to minimal atom, so that the future can be clearly presented just as the past. Keywords: Oval Diagram and Formulas; Diffuse Gases, Centripetal Force, Atom and Sub-atom, Red Giant Star; Internal Movement Description of Red Giant Star and Atom.
WHITE MATTER AT VARIOUS STAGES OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: Vania Karami  , Giulio Nittari  , Francesco Amenta
Published: February 2023

Background: To determine whether the brain’s white matter (WM) volume condition provides an accurate insight into the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Objective: Using an automatic system to measure WM from MR images in order to check the potential of WM atrophy to affect the progression of the AD and whether it can be used as a good biomarker.

Methods: We used the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS) database. The method consists of a series of morphological operations on the binary images to extract WM volume and calculation of volume and the statistical characteristic of segmented WM.  

Result: There is a significant negative correlation between WM volume and CDR (r=-0.432, p<0.05). The correlation between WM volume and CDR indicates that the severity of the current state of disease is associated with the loss of WM volume. While the AD has mostly been considered as a GM disease, this study approved that AD is characterized by the relevant involvement of the WM, and WM is a cognitive change in the AD.

Conclusion: Our results confirmed that WM volume significantly contributes to the prediction of the AD. A robust and accurate segmentation of WM lesions from MR images can provide importantly information about the disease status and progression
SHIP BOILER STEAM PRESSURE CONTROL SYSTEM BASED ON BP-PID CONTROL
Authors: LU Jiaqi  , YOU Qianliang  , ZhangMingming  , JIANG Xiaoqi  , GUJiaxin
Published: February 2023

The control of steam’s pressure is the key link of boiler power plant, its control performances influence the rotate speed of steam turbine directly. Boiler steam’s pressure has the characteristics of time-varying, nonlinearity, large inertia and large hysteresis. The traditional PID control method does not have the ability of self-adaptability, and it is difficult to meet the system’s requirements. In order to solve the problem, this paper design a boiler steam pressure control system based on BP-PID control. A second-order mathematical model with time delay of boiler steam’s pressure is used as the controlled object, the PID controller and the PID controller based on BP neural network are used to control it.The whole process is simulated by MATLAB software.The simulation results show that when the PID controller based on BP neural network is adopted, the response curve has no oscillation, no overshoot and short transition time, the control effect is better than traditional PID controller.
HIGH INTEGRATION BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR CONTROL SCHEME FOR NEW ENERGY VEHICLES
Authors: YOU Qianliang  , GU Jiaxin  , Zhang Mingming  , JIANG Xiaoqi  , Lu Jiaqi
Published: February 2023

With the factory to power consumption, efficiency, noise, electromagnetic compatibility requirements gradually increasing, brushless dc motor will be more and more widely applied in the new energy electric cars. The paper propose the improvement of the freescale to provide a high level of integration solutions - S12ZVM mixed-signal MCU series and introduce the detail sensorless brushless dc motor control scheme implementation. Based on the freescale semiconductor MC9S12ZVML128 dedicated to auto motor control chip, combining with the FreeMASTER monitoring software user interface, build high integration brushless dc motor control experimental platform. The experimental results show the applicability and advantage of S12ZVM series control scheme on the new energy automobile motor control.
INVESTIGATION OF GEOMETRIC AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURES OF HEUSLER ALLOYS: CUBIC AND TETRAGONAL LATTICES
Authors: Breczko T. , Barkaline V. , Tamuliene J.
Published: February 2023

Ni2MnGa and Co2MnGa compounds were investigated by using state-of-the-art computational ab-initio methods. The total energy calculations for the cubic and the tetrahedral structures, band structure together with suspensibility investigations were performed. The results of our investigations exhibited the dependence of magnetic properties of the compounds on their geometrical structure. The influence of Co and Ni on the magnetic properties of the compounds was disclosed, too.
PHYTOTOXICITY AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF CAPPARIS SPINOSA L.
Authors: El-Bakkosh Ali M , M Shaieb Farag , M Idrs Aya
Published: February 2023

In laboratory bioassays, this study evaluated the phytotoxic potential of Capparis spinosa organs (leaves, fruits and roots) aqueous extracts on germination and seedlings growth of Triticum aestavium and Raphanus sativus. The results suggested that C. spinosa leaf, fruit and roots aqueous extract appeared to have phytotoxic effect on the recipient species compared to control. The germination percentage and all growth parameters of T. aestavium and R. sativus were significantly reduced gradually with the increase of aqueous extract concentration levels. However the reduction was varied and could be parts of the donor species and extract concentration dependent. This study also investigated the antifungal activities of three different solvents (ethanol, methanol and acetone) extracts of C. spinosa organs, these extracts were tested for their toxicity in vitro against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma viride at concentrations 10% (w/v).  All C. spinosa organs extracts had different degrees of antifungal activity against the tested fungi, the highest antifungal activity was recorded for fruit ethanolic extract against  Trichoderma whereas, acetone extract was the least effective extract against the tested fungi. Generally, tested fungi Trichoderma and Aspergillus were found to be more sensitive to C. spinosa organs extracts while Penicillium showed high resistance. The C. spinosa fruit ethanolic extract may be recommended as a potent bio-fungicide. Extensive studies should be undertaken for the ethanolic extract of C. spinosa organs as a strong antifungal agent against fungal plant diseases.
TAILORING THE PORE STRUCTURE OF MESOPOROUS SILICA BY USINGAMPHIPHILIC BLOCK COPOLYMER AND CONTROLOF AGING TEMPERATURE
Authors: Emhalha Wafia M. , M. Hota Farid
Published: February 2023

Synthesis of mesoporous silica materials has been studied using Pluronic triblock copolymer F127 nonionic amphiphilic triblock copolymer (EO106 PO70 EO106) as high molecular weight structure-directing agent and TEOS as a silica source. The mesostructure of the silica material obtained, as determined by High Resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm. Changing the amount of surfactant has effect on the porosity of the material, where increasing the amount of surfactant has effect on the hydrophobic surface curvature of the micelle and correspondingly the particle morphology. The particle morphology has changed from hexagonal to cubic Fm3m symmetry, with different pore sizes. Some samples with the same molar ratio have different unit cell size according to the change in aging temperature. HRTEM-ED shows cubic and cage structure of pores under optimum conditions of synthesis. The structural transformation is limited.
IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION THE PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND FATTY ACIDS OF LEAVES AND FRUITS OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS (JUNIPERUS PHOENICEA AND ARBUTUS PAVARII) GROWING AT AL - JABAL AL - AKHDER REGION (LIBYA)
Authors: Mohamed Aisha. A. , M. Hasan Hamad. , M. Abdel –Hadi Nevein.
Published: February 2023

Phenolics and fatty acids of some medicinal plants (Juniperus phoenicea and Arbutus pavarii) growing at Al - Jabal Al - Akhder region (Libya) was carried out on the fruits and leaves. The analysis were applied on selected plants. The data showed high content of phenolic compounds in most of  the studied leaves comparing with fruits ones, the higher levels were recorded for the compound of 3,5,Di caffeoly guinic acid in the A.pavarii leaves (0.1325 mg/g). The contents of saturated fatty acids recorded high levels in leaves of J. phoenicea (0.157mg/g), while the low levels were recorded in leaves of A.pavarii (0.079 mg/g), for the mono un saturated fatty acids the high concentrations recorded in leaves of A.pavarii (0.065mg/g), on the other side the low concentration was recorded in leaves of J. phoenicea (0.025mg/g). Whereas fruits of A.pavarii don't contain on mono un-saturated fatty acids. While the high contents of poly un-saturated fatty acids were recorded in fruits of J. phoenicea (0.045mg/g) and the low contents recorded in leaves of J. phoenicea (0.014mg/g). Whereas fruits of A.pavarii don't contain on poly un-saturated fatty acids. Generally the olic acid recorded high values of un-saturated fatty acids in leaves of A.pavarii (0.065mg/g).
ISOLATION AND FULL CHARACTERISATION OF TWO STEROL GLUCOSIDES FROM TEUCRIUM BARBEYANUM ASCHERS
Authors: A.A. Alwahsh Mohamed , A. Elhadi Aboubaker , Khairuddean Melati
Published: February 2023

The genus Teucrium is used in folk medicine for a long time as hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agents, and showed a wide spectrum of interesting biological activities. In this study, the aerial parts of Teucrium barbeyanum which collected from Ras El-Hilal, Libya were subject of extraction with different organic solvents, followed by extensive columns chromatography and crystallization using various solvent systems in order to isolate compounds. Dichloromethane extract afforded two sterol glucosides which successfully identified as sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside and the rare compound, clerosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside. The protons, carbons and OHgroups were fully assigned by means of spectroscopic techniques including NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT-135, 90 and Q, COSY, HSQC and HMBC) and IR, and Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF SODIUM BENZOATE IN SOME SOFT DRINKS COLLECTED FROM SOME LOCAL MARKETS IN EL-BIEDA CITY - LIBYA
Authors: Elmanfe Galal M.
Published: February 2023

Sodium benzoate is often used as a preservative of food and beverages. The aim of this work is to determine the content levels of sodium benzoate in different samples of soft drinks commercially available in local markets in El-Beida city-Libya by rapid and simple UV spectrophotometric methods. Samples under study was divided into two part: Libyan products and imported. The results obtained from this study indicated that the quantity levels of sodium benzoate in the analyzed samples were in the range of 131.9269 – 278.8285 ppm for the Libyan products samples. Whereas its concentrations in the imported samples were in the range of 230.7044 - 357.3124 ppm. The minimum sodium benzoate level was observed in the Sabaa/Benghazi- Libya sample (131.9269 ppm), while the Mirinda/Dubai - United Arab Emirates sample showed the highest sodium benzoate content (357.3124 ppm). The sodium benzoate content in all the samples analyzed in this study are below the allowable limits according to international standards and specifications of the World Health Organization (WHO).
EFFECT OF THE U.V RADIATION ON THE ABSORBANCE OF SOME INDICATORS (ALIZARIN RED AND BROMOTHYMOL BLUE AND AT DIFFERENT TIMES)
Authors: M.Idres.Hasan Hamad. , .M.Ali.Idres Ahalm
Published: February 2023

The effect of irradiation period on the λmax and absorbance of some indicator including (Alizarin red and Bromothymol blue) was carried out. The main target of study is to evaluate the optimum time of irradiation which give high absorbance. The measurements were carried out by used U.V lamp in the range of (200-400 nm). The spectra of U.V was obtained by scanning the studied indicators by (spectrophotometer DU 800). The results showed that the absorbance value was increased according to the increasing the concentrations. On the other side the absorbance values showed variations of each period of U.V irradiation.
INVESTIGATION OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY VARIATIONS ALONG WADI NAJRAN, NAJRAN, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Mokhtar Ahmed Abdelatif , K.Abd El Aal Ahmed.
Published: February 2023

This paper aims to determine the groundwater quality at Najran town and nearby villages, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Physical and chemical analyses have been carried out for seven groundwater samples collected from Najran area. This study indicates that the groundwater quality in the study area is fit for human purposes except at the Al Uraisa bore hole, which contain high amounts of total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) above the permissible limits of the World Health Organization standards. The groundwater is also fit for irrigation purpose and agricultural use.
USED EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS TO COMPRESS THE IMAGE
Authors: Abdlrazg Bassma
Published: February 2023

The article’s main aim is to point out the significant applications of the linear algebra in the medical engineering field. Hence, the eigenvectors and eigenvalues which represent the core of linear algebra are discussed in details in order to show how they can be used in many engineering applications. The principal components analysis is one of the most important compression and feature extraction algorithms used in the engineering field (1). It mainly depends on the calculation and extraction of eigenvalues and eigenvectors that then used to represent an input; whether it's the image or a simple matrix. In this article, the use of principal component analysis for medical image compression is an important and novel application of linear algebra (2).
APPLYING FACTOR ANALYSIS TO STUDY THE MOST LIKELY FACTORS LEAD TO THE OSTEOPOROSIS DISEASE
Authors: Algezeri Salem M.
Published: February 2023

The application of Biostatistics in biological and medical fields has shown a great contribution extremely benefit in analyzing different types of datasets. The developed statistical principles and techniques in the analysis have helped the researchers in the biology and medicine fields to reach to impressive results and beneficial conclusions. Recently, the Osteoporosis disease has taken a considerable interest from the medical and biological researchers. In this paper, a medical dataset related to this disease is analyzed using Factor Analysis via Principle Component approach. This statistical technique works to make a reduction of the insignificant explanatory variables and gives just main effected factories on the Osteoporosisdisease. The dataset used in this paper represent 180 real records selected randomly from the Osteoporosis patient files in Benghazi Central Hospital. The considered main variable in the statistical analysis is a rank variable represent the diagnosis patient state. The results achieved after this analysis show the main most likely factors lead to Osteoporosisdisease. The Vitamin D deficiency and patient gender have been found the most likely factors lead to this disease.
CORRELATION FUNCTIONS FOR LOTKA-VOLTERRA MODEL
Authors: A. A. Abu-harbid Suzan. , El-samman Abdulrahman. A. , abu-amra Safaa. S.M.
Published: February 2023

This work is about studying biological system interactions which founded in two types. Also it is one of modeling topics that based on the use of non-linear ordinary differential equations. Consequently, the mutual affect between the interactive groups is estimated. In addition the elements of the same group to chronological correlation functions are of second order form. Therefore, the reflection of mutual affects is due to the existence of the set of solutions. First we choose a simple model of single species of biological system, where we can get the solutions of the governing equations. And then calculate the correlation functions related to the solutions. After that we study the evolution of the lotka-volterra interacting model, then we get the solutions of nonlinear system by approximated method, and evaluate the correlation functions.
PREVALENCE OF ENTAMOEBA GINGIVALIS AND TRICHOMONAS TENAX AMONG HEALTHY AND PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN BENGHAZI – LIBYA.
Authors: Younis Eman Z , Elamami Adela H
Published: February 2023

The oral cavity of human is colonized by many microorganisms among these Trichomonas tenax and Entamoeba gingivalis, is known as common parasite of oral cavity and sub maxillary glands especially with poor oral hygiene and presence of periodontal disease. This paper describes the prevalence and patterns of Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomona stenaxin person with and without periodontitis in Benghazi, Libya, emphasizing on the gender, age, pH of the saliva, smoking habit. Methods Bio film and saliva samples were taken from 70 patients with periodontitis and 30 healthy individuals. They were spread on sterile swab sample, diluted with saline and examined with a light microscope. Descriptive statistic and chi-square test were used. The overall prevalence of oral parasitic infections among individuals of the sample participant was 24\100 (24%), the prevalence of Trichomonastenax (31.6%) and Entamoeba gingivalis (68.4%) among individuals with periodontal disease, while Trichomonas tenax recorded (20% )  and  Entamoeba gingivalis (80%) among  healthy gingival individuals there was a high significant difference between   periodontal disease compared to healthy gingival group (P=0.000) in the rate of harboring these parasitic infections. Prevalence of oral parasitic infections among individuals of the sample participant was 24\100 (24%). However, further studies are needed to determine the relationship between these species and periodontitis.
OCCURRENCE OF BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION IN OPERATION THEATER AND RELATED TO SURGICAL SITE INFECTION IN MEDICAL BENGHAZI CENTRE
Authors: Alramli Asma S. , akarem Abdurrhman A , R.Agouri Siham , Gwirif Salha F. Ben
Published: February 2023

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitals. Both the antimicrobial resistance and SSIs are the worst complications that directly affect a patient health and safety. The present investigation aimed to study bacterial contamination in operation rooms in Benghazi Medical Centre (BMC).Ninety seven swabs were collected from several parts of the operation theatre. The specimens were collected during the period from 2017 – 2018. Bacterial isolates were identified, and tested against common used antimicrobial agents the results revealed that the spread of bacterial contamination in operation room was 67%. All isolates from operation room were sensitive to imepenem ,azithromycin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin (100%) followed tobramycin,ceftazidime, gentamycin(66.67%) whereas, all isolates were resistant to cefexim, tetracyclin, carbencillin, septrin, cephalexin, augmentin, cefoxtin, cefuroxime sodium by  (100%), on other hand, the rate of infection in surgical site  was (75%), the most  prevalent pathogens  was Klebsiella pneumonia(16%) followed by  Acinetobacter bummannii, Pseudomonas aerginosa and Staph aurues (12%) Protues mirablis (10%) Enterococus spp (8%) followed Enterobacter aerogenes (4%) Yersinia enterocolitica (2%). Obtained results showed that most of the isolates from surgical site were multidrug resistant to common used antimicrobials as well as suggest the importance of environmental and surface contamination control to prevent SSI.
ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT ANTISEPTICS AVAILABLE IN BENGHAZI-LIBYA HOSPITALS AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Authors: Boulifa Amal. A. , Ben-Gweirif Salha. F.
Published: February 2023

All over the world, nosocomial infection is a recognized public health problem. They are an essential part of infection control practices and aid in the prevention of nosocomial infections. But a common problem is the selection of antiseptics because different   pathogens vary in their response to different antiseptics. Hence the present study was designed to evaluate susceptibility of bacteria isolates from some Benghazi hospitals to five types of antiseptics used in hospitals using the Kirby-Bauer method of disc diffusion method. Data was gathered through a questionnaire. Antiseptics used were Hydrogen Peroxide, povidone- Iodine, Alcoholic Gel, Sterillium (Alcohol 70%), Neo Sterixidina Soap. Bacteria used were Gram positive: Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus acidominimus. Gram negative : Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabills  and  Acinetobacter  baumannii, in addition  American Type Culture Collection  (Staphylococcus  aureus   ATCC  29213,   Escherichia coliATCC  25922  and  Pseudomonas  aeruginosaATCC  27853)  were used as control. The Disc diffusion method technique is a routine, economical and easy screening method used to determine the susceptibility or resistance of a bacterial strain to antibacterial agents. Hydrogen Peroxide 6% and Neo Sterixidina Soap produce the largest zone of inhibition in descending order. The comparative assessment of the zones of inhibition of the diluted antiseptics indicated that Alcoholic Gel, and Sterillium were least effective. While povidone- Iodine 10% the susceptibility was intermediate. This study emphasizes that there was a need to test the quality of antiseptics routinely supplied to the laboratory or hospital to ensure proper control of infections by using right antiseptics in right concentration for a right contact time to reduce the risk of contamination.