bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Logistics by Combined Transport: Barriers to Market Entry and Strategies of Main Suppliers
Authors: Bukold Steffen
Published: May 2006

In the EC, Combined Transport (CT) is generally regarded as the
most promising market for external logistics suppliers. EC deregulation
policy makes market entry a strategic option both for mega carriers and
big shippers. Concentrates on access problems to this market. Shows that
liberalization does not automatically mean lower access barriers. The
semi‐deregulated CT industry presents strong entry barriers due to low
profitability and a high level of control over upstream and downstream
resources by established main actors. Therefore the set of CT main
providers, the “railway‐league” and the
“UIRR‐forwarder‐league”, remains stable. The situation will
probably not change as long as (1) the low price level of trucking is
accepted by environmental and transport policy makers and (2) access to
relevant resources is nationally monopolized. Only a combination of
measures designed to rectify both of these market imperfections, not a
succession of isolated actions, will support further development of CT.
The consequence of its fast liberalization, without higher returns on
capital, could be a serious crisis for the whole industry.
Reducing Commercial Vehicle Road Accident Costs
Authors: McCorry Brian , Murray Will
Published: May 2006

Presents information relating to the scale of road traffic
accidents in the UK involving commercial vehicles. Establishes the
extent of the accident problem and explores some of the main causes of
vehicle accidents including human nature, the role of the driver,
vehicle operators and government road transport strategy. Introduces
some general measures to reduce commercial vehicle accidents such as
improved driving, safety cultures, vehicle improvements and government
policy. Provides a case study of a company which gained many benefits
from reducing vehicle accident levels through the implementation of a
vehicle accident database.
Supply Base Strategies to Maximize Supplier Performance
Authors: Monczka Robert M. , Trent Robert J. , Callahan Thomas J.
Published: May 2006

Competing in the mid‐to‐late 1990s will require world‐class firms
to rely increasingly on their suppliers while at the same time
developing more aggressive and executive supported purchasing, supply
base and sourcing strategies, because suppliers′ performance is not
meeting expectations of purchasers. This finding was one result of a
research effort with over 100 different firms over a five‐year period to
determine the importance of the supply base, current supplier
performance and emerging supply base/sourcing strategies being used by
leading firms to contribute to competitive advantage. It was further
determined that significant opportunities exist to accelerate
development of supplier capabilities and performance. Identifies and
discusses continuous improvement and breakthrough supply base and
sourcing strategies to achieve supply base improvement.
The Multiproduct Warehouse Location Problem: Applying a Decomposition Algorithm
Authors: Lee Choong Y.
Published: May 2006

Suggests that, in recent years, remarkable progress has been made
in the development of the topological design of logistics networks,
especially in the warehouse location problem. Extends the standard
warehouse location problem to a generalization of multiproduct
capacitated warehouse location problem, as opposed to differentiated
variations of a single‐product warehouse location problem, where each
warehouse has a given capacity for carrying each product. Presents an
algorithm based on cross‐decomposition, to reduce the computational
difficulty by incorporating Benders decomposition and Lagrangean
relaxation. Computational results of this algorithm are encouraging.
Building Good Business Relationships: More than Just Partnering or Strategic Alliances?
Authors: Cooper Martha C. , Gardner John T.
Published: May 2006

Suggests that the concepts of partnerships and strategic alliances
are increasingly emphasized in literature and “real life”,
which might lead managers to believe that partnership‐style
relationships, as opposed to arm′s length relationships, are necessary
for a firm to compete successfully. Explores why, how, and when to
establish a wide range of possible business‐to‐business relationships.
The inter‐organizational relationship literature suggests six reasons
for forming relationships: necessity, asymmetry, reciprocity,
efficiency, stability, and legitimacy. Compares this framework with six
partnership characteristics based on the partnership‐building
literature: planning, sharing of benefits and burdens, extendedness,
systematic operational information exchange, operating controls, and
corporate culture bridge building. Suggests that firms should
concentrate on how to develop “good business relationships”,
which may have varying levels of partnership characteristics.
Lot‐sizing Time‐varying Demands: A Spreadsheet Approach
Authors: Rana Krishan , Nandkeolyar Udayan
Published: May 2006

Describes a spreadsheet approach for implementing Wagner‐Whitin
(WW) and Silver‐Meal (SM) methods for lotsizing time‐varying demands.
Suggests that this approach manages the computation and makes tedious
and repetitive tasks more interesting; consequently, the student/user
can concentrate on the concepts. Outlines the methods, which involve the
computation of incremental costs (inventory carrying and replenishment
costs) for several alternatives in each period. Presents a spreadsheet
template to compute the incremental costs for possible alternatives
which is created by using only a small number of spreadsheet formulae
and a series of copy commands. The costs are displayed as a matrix.
Describes a step‐by‐step procedure to determine the period and the
quantity of replenishment.
Third Party Logistics Services: A Comparison of Experienced American and European Manufacturers
Authors: Lieb Robert C. , Millen Robert A. , Van Wassenhove Luk N.
Published: May 2006

Provides a comparison of third‐party logistics services utilization
between large manufacturing firms in the USA and Western Europe. All
these firms had been utilizing third‐party providers for at least three
years, although many had been doing so for five years or longer. The
group of Western European firms is more committed to outsourcing, as
evidenced by the substantially greater percentage of their total
corporate logistics budget allocated to third‐party firms. The strategic
decision to utilize third‐party companies is more often made at the
corporate level and includes input more frequently from other functional
areas in Western European firms. However, many of the findings indicate
that the issues faced by both groups of executives are very similar,
such as their reservations to outsourcing and their experiences with
implementation. Almost all the executives indicated that they are
satisfied with the performance of third‐party providers, and would, at
least moderately, increase their use of such firms.
Improving the Fuel Efficiency of Road Freight Operations
Authors: McKinnon Alan C. , Stirling Iain , Kirkhope Justin
Published: May 2006

Concern about increasing fuel prices and levels of environmental
pollution is forcing firms to improve the fuel efficiency of their
transport operations. Assesses the extent to which British road hauliers
have implemented a range of fuel‐saving measures and examines their
general attitudes to fuel utilization. Good vehicle maintenance and
driver training are believed to offer the greatest potential, with
improved aerodynamics and vehicle replacement policy also considered
important. Operators are sceptical, however, about the value of speed
limiters and driver incentive schemes. Outlines the experience of a
distribution contractor who has implemented a broadly‐based fuel
conservation programme. Overall, the research highlights the importance
of managerial initiatives, particularly in the areas of driver
monitoring and training, and the need to develop a well co‐ordinated
package of fuel efficiency measures.
Changing Role and Relevance of Purchasing: Impact on Organizational Effectiveness
Authors: Wagner William B.
Published: May 2006

Analyses changes taking place within purchasing and its
environment. Interpreting such trends wisely will be necessary to
achieve an optimal relationship between purchasing and other
organizational units. Addresses how changes in purchasing affect profit
generation, securing of new and better suppliers, achieving higher
“real value” in products bought, dealing with new and
emerging forms of sales pressure (including related supplier strategies
and tactics), improving price hike rationale assessment, and determining
effective purchasing strategy relative to prevailing economic
conditions‐all of which are leading to a broadened role and relevance of
purchasing today. Discusses current, significant purchasing trends, how
they will influence future decision making, and the need for purchasing
to help establish and maintain strong cross‐functional ties with all
relevant parties. Directs analysis and discussion towards all
individuals and groups affecting or being affected by the purchasing
function domestically and abroad.
Road Transport Information Systems for European Distribution
Authors: Eibl Peter G.
Published: May 2006

Road transport information systems (RTISs) and their underlying
digitized road networks, which were initially restricted for use in
national operations only, have been enhanced and extended for use in
international operations. Today operators can choose from a wide range
of strategic, tactical and operational RTISs, allowing for the effective
planning of international distribution. Discusses some modelling
considerations behind the design and use of digitized road networks for
planning and managing international distribution, in particular
cross‐border or pan‐European operations. Examines the basic structure of
digitized road networks and considers the benefits and problems of
extending road network databases to cover several countries.
Sourcing from Central and Eastern Europe: Conditions and Implementation
Authors: Pfohl Hans‐Christian , Large Rudolf
Published: May 2006

Describes the country‐specific conditions and developments in
Central and Eastern Europe, the risks and opportunities of sourcing in
this region and the measures necessary to implement supply systems
including eastern suppliers. In order to use the future capabilities of
eastern companies, it will be necessary to shape long‐running,
cooperative relations. Four major tasks of implementing procurement
systems involving suppliers from Central and Eastern Europe can be
distinguished: the establishment of an appropriate internal organization
to facilitate sourcing in Central and Eastern Europe; the
identification, assessment, and selection of eastern suppliers; the
development of suppliers′ capabilities and performance; and the
implementation of logistical and legal relationships between the buyer
and the supplier necessary for the operation of the procurement system.
Therefore, not only the purchase prices have to be considered in
procurement decisions, but also any other related costs. Higher
logistics costs and higher transaction costs are the prices which have
to be paid for realizing large arbitrages caused by lower labour costs.
Accordingly, the efficiency of sourcing from Central and Eastern Europe
crucially depends on the ability of the western procurement managers to
recognize specific conditions and to shape appropriate procurement
systems. Then logistics and transaction costs will be endurable.
An Assessment of Supplier Selection: Chinese Purchasing Managers′ Criteria and Their Implications for Western Marketers
Authors: Chao Chiang‐nan , Scheuing Eberhard E. , Dubas Khalid M. , Mummalaneni Venkatapparao
Published: May 2006

China′s foreign trade and investment policies have appeared more
attractive to Western marketers in recent years. China presents an
opportunity for huge market potential and rapid growth for American
multinational firms. However, Western marketers have only limited
knowledge about Chinese purchasing decision making, particularly the
supplier selection and evaluation criteria of Chinese purchasing
managers. Highlights six key criteria of supplier selection and
describes the responses of a sample of Chinese purchasing managers.
Segments the respondents into three clusters, based on similarities in
their supplier evaluation processes and differentiates these clusters in
terms of whether the managers emphasize reliable deliveries, price/cost
considerations, or product quality. While these findings are of a
preliminary nature, they reveal that service/responsiveness of a
supplier is not a high priority as opposed to purchasing managers in
Western industrialized countries. As China moves rapidly towards a
market economy, many Chinese purchasing managers will require suppliers
to improve their responsiveness, given comparable levels of price and
quality. An understanding of this transition will help Western marketers
to enhance their market positions in China.
An Empirical Analysis of Foreign Exchange Management Strategies in International Sourcing
Authors: Vickery Shawnee K. , Carter Joseph R. , D’Itri Michael P.
Published: May 2006

Examines the cost performance of various strategies for managing
foreign exchange risk in international sourcing. The strategies
represent a broad spectrum of approaches to exchange risk, ranging from
naïve to active. Of particular interest is the comparison of those
strategies which use exchange rate forecasts with those which do not.
Focuses on movements in the German mark/US dollar exchange rate for the
period January 1986 through December 1990. Employs a historical
simulation methodology to compare the performance of various strategies
over this time frame. The results suggest that active approaches to
exchange rate management warrant further attention.
Purchasing Logistics Services in a Transborder Situation: Logistics Outsourcing in US‐Mexico Coproduction
Authors: Maltz Arnold , Riley Linda , Boberg Kevin
Published: May 2006

One strategy for dealing with the increasing problem of
cross‐border movement is to involve third‐party specialists. Reports on
an investigation of third‐party use in maquiladora or twin‐plant
logistics across the US‐Mexico border. A mail survey of 250 companies
operating in the El Paso‐Juarex area was carried out. Results showed
that the surveyed firms used third parties more than US firms in
general.
Soliciting quality
Authors: Simpkin A.
Published: May 2006

Traces how solicitors Pannone March Pearson became the first firm to be accredited BS5750 Part 2 certification, through an interview with one of the firm′s corporate divisional partners. Describes the implementation process and the main problems encountered, as well as the benefits arising from implementation.
Matching needs
Authors: George‐Jones S.
Published: May 2006

Looks at the range of tests developed by Manpower and used to assess the abilities and aptitudes that temporary staff have to offer before they are placed with an employer. Describes the continuous quality assessment programme and continual feedback system used to evaluate employees′ progress and clients′ satisfaction. The aim is to deliver a quality of service based on customer requirements. Shows that Manpower then went on to gain BS5750 registration of its main offices.
Articulating quality
Authors: Greenwood M.
Published: May 2006

Describes how a large transport operator, BRS, is facing the challenge of moving from BS5750 to total quality, joining forces with two of its sister companies to create one national organization and thereby improve internal and external communication. Consists of an interview with the company′s director of quality assurance, outlining BRS′s launch into BS5750, the advantages and disadvantages it faced, and how it will take the next step.
Different approaches
Authors: Marsh J.
Published: May 2006

Examines various approaches to implementing TQM in the service industry, specifically within the Avon Training and Enterprise Council. Explains how management commitment to TQM can be achieved and maintained in service organizations. Details the key differences and similarities between service and manufacturing organizations. Outlines different methods of measuring TQM progress in the organization.
Viewpoint Great opportunities for improvement
Authors: Seath I.
Published: May 2006

Describes the way in which a service provider can identify opportunities for improvement, and target such opportunities within a framework of improvement action.
Closing the gap
Authors: Diffin Murray
Published: May 2006

Outlines the situation regarding European management technology, comparing current systems in Europe with contemporary businesses in Japan and the USA. Discusses in brief the development of management technology in Europe, Japan and America since the end of the Second World War, and stresses the urgency behind the European need to close the gap. Describes some Japanese management practices and explains why Europeans are further behind than the Americans. Suggests that the problem has two faces: corporate required development and self‐development and concludes that European managers must learn to act on their own initiative to increase their managerial know‐how.
A successful attitude
Authors: Seddon John
Published: May 2006

Discusses the concept of “attitude” as the reason why some quality initiatives fail and some succeed and states that successful change requires both passion and systems. Outlines the analysis of people′s behaviour in organizations, highlighting the necessity of demonstrating a relationship between behaviour and performance. Details three general approaches to change in service organizations, calling them “customer fizz”, “education for all” and “procedures”. Relates the impact of leadership on quality and service programmes, concentrating on the shift from attention to output to attention process. Looks at statements of mission, inter‐unit relations, structure and systems and procedure. Suggests that intelligent leadership requires action as a result of analysis.
A taxing situation
Authors: Delsanter Judith
Published: May 2006

Outlines the procedures implemented by the US Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to reduce the potential for errors in the paperwork and alleviate the “feast or famine” nature of the job. Discusses the background to taxpayer/IRS relations in the USA and the problems in 1985 caused by insufficient time to train employees and get to grips with newly purchased computer technology. Details the work of the 54 quality improvement teams formed since 1986, highlighting the large savings made and the organization particularly in tackling the problem of high error rates on tax examiner correspondence to the taxpayers. Reviews the rise in employee empowerment and explains how taxpayers have benefited from the changes.
Service with a smile
Authors: Wells Miller Bettye
Published: May 2006

Discusses the practices of the family‐owned Nordstrum company, an American firm which maintains the philosophy of customer service through its sales associates, offering the best service, selection, quality and value. Outlines the company history and structure and details its policy towards employees.
The balancing act
Authors: Armistead Colin , Clark Graham
Published: May 2006

Discusses a survey mailed to some 3,000 managers to ascertain how service managers approach the management of resource capacity to satisfy the demand for their type of business, and how this process impacts on their ability to maintain a constant delivery of the most important features of service quality. Reviews the results in respect of important features of service quality, management of service delivery process recovery from mistakes and the and the management of service quality.
Viewpoint Is middle management a quality anachronism?
Authors: Clutterbuck David , Wynne Bernard
Published: May 2006

Discusses the role of middle management in the implementation of TQM, exploring the possibilities for both harm and good that they represent.
Sustaining commitment
Authors: Koch Hugh
Published: May 2006

Explores the Total Quality programme adopted by the National Health Service, highlighting the issues which make sustaining the commitment of all staff to quality improvement processes possible. Discusses the tension created by linking quality improvement to reducing quality costs of health care. Outlines the timetabling of strategy development and implementation, and the management of he timetabled process. Reviews key milestones in staff awareness, looking at co‐ordination and management of quality improvement activities; understanding of the design/conformance/corrective action cycle; understanding of the relationship between quality improvement and costs; and sustaining involvement of staff. Suggests that despite concerns from clinicians and managers alike, regarding the pressures involved with implementing TQM, a successful team should improve service to the patient.
Viewpoint Training ‐ a waste of effort?
Authors: Seath Ian
Published: May 2006

Raises questions about the effectiveness of education and training for service quality. Suggests that the effectiveness of training can be enhanced by using facilitators to help transfer new skills into the workplace.
Viewpoint Have British managers ignored the quality message again?
Authors: Lawson David
Published: May 2006

Explores the findings of a recent survey which suggests that British managers have the wrong priorities when setting targets for quality management. Compares British business with Japanese in respect of customer service.
Putting customer quality first
Authors: Barrett Chris
Published: May 2006

Outlines the process by which Wessex Water intends to become the benchmark other service organizations will look to as an example of quality and service, highlighting attitudes towards employees and customers. Discusses the way in which the company monitors performance, concentrating on the use of customer surveys in collecting useful feedback.
Just what the doctor ordered!
Authors: Steedman George , Babbage Kathleen
Published: May 2006

Outlines the two year TQM programme implemented by Barnsley District General Hospital′s Catering Services department, which resulted in its being accredited to BS5750 Part 2 in October 1991.
Getting the right focus
Authors: Davis Richard
Published: May 2006

Discusses teamwork as an effective force for TQM, highlighting the need to be correctly focused to enable it to become a way of life in the organization. Explores the concept of teams in respect of improving processes, and looks at the “work” team, the “system” team and the “process managers” in specific detail. Suggests that the three types of team outlined in the article represent a complete alternative to hierarchical thinking about structure.
Getting into shape
Authors: Parker Glenn
Published: May 2006

Explores the way in which to create a team‐based organization which will successfully support service quality. Reviews the process of change in insurance companies, the pharmaceutical industry, the service industry and in consulting firms. Provides a step‐by‐step guide as to how to create a team‐based organization, and explains training methods, practices and outcomes of the process.
Customer obsession
Authors: Newton Sue
Published: May 2006

Discusses the Total Quality culture of Harvester restaurants, concentrating on training to achieve the company′s mission of delivering a high quality service to its guests. Outlines the importance of teamwork in the programme, and provides a case study of the executive team, showing how the system works in practice.
Viewpoint It′s simple but not easy
Authors: Hillman Peter
Published: May 2006

Discusses the importance of recognising people′s contribution as an integral part of TQM, suggesting that it is recognition, and perhaps reward, for individual and team contributions, that helps to maintain both enthusiasm for and momentum of TQM.
From engineer to grocer′s daughter
Authors: Lunn Terry
Published: May 2006

Discusses performance‐related pay schemes, highlighting their importance in stimulating individuals to higher levels of achievement. Explores how the engineer, the academic, the politician and the grocer′s daughter have all contributed to the present attitude towards reward and motivation. Outlines what exactly is rewarded and how, company‐wide profit share schemes are designed to promote greater acceptance of the profit motive and a climate of co‐operating and working together. Reviews six principles of reward and concludes with the views of the critics.
Celebrating success
Authors: Gryna Derek
Published: May 2006

Explores the concept of developing an organizational reward and recognition process for superior customer service. Discusses organizational goals in the light of ensuring the reward recognition programme is directing the department the right way; of ensuring that words and actions are not contradictory; and directing people towards common goals. Outlines management support, highlighting customer focus, quality, teamwork, training and communication networks. Suggests that even if the return on other investments is minimal, employee satisfaction will be greatly improved.
Addressing the issues
Authors: Ward Naomi , Broadhurst Jonathan
Published: May 2006

Describes the approach developed by the authors in using total quality management philosophies and techniques to address the issues and problems arising from IT service provision. Outlines IT service quality issues and discusses MARQUIS (Managing Requirements and Quality in Services), which can be used to specify users′ requirements and develop service products to fulfil these requirements. Provides a Service Code of Practice (SCOP), and suggests that both it and MARQUIS will be of great benefit to the IT industry and its customers in years to come.
Plan of attack
Authors: O′Neill David
Published: May 2006

Outlines the TQM programme introduced by Trafford Health Authority management by initiating a series of workshops emphasizing the importance of top‐down commitment, in respect of government reforms within health‐care.
Tuning into Ritz philosophy
Authors: Henderson C.
Published: May 2006

Shows how Ritz‐Carlton Hotels have created a customer‐sensitive service. Argues that this has arisen through an appreciation of consistent service, based on the concept that employee satisfaction is directly related to customer satisfaction. Reviews the employee selection process adopted by the Ritz‐Carlton management and the policy of employee empowerment.
The achieving school
Authors: Williams M.
Published: May 2006

Examines a local education authority′s involvement in a quality improvement process known as GRASP (Getting Results and Solving Problems) which focuses on achievement and results. Outlines the GRASP process and the selection of objectives and criteria for success. Considers the role of partnership among parents, teachers and children, and finally looks at the LEA′s attempts to win BS 5750 approval.
Banking on good service
Authors: Miller B.W.
Published: May 2006

Discusses how the First Interstate Bank of Oregon has devised a successful incentive and reward scheme for employees, based on their own view of customer service quality. Reflects on some of management′s main concerns in developing a restructured recognition programme. Shows the programme′s positive results.
Challenge those recession blues
Authors: Hollingworth P.
Published: May 2006

Critically reviews total quality practices and misunderstanding of the concept of empowerment. Berates the fact that many organisations are managed by objectives rather than for objectives, that often employees have been told that they have been empowered to improve, but have not been given the capability to introduce change. Argues that successful quality management, applied wisely, creates opportunity but requires commitment, understanding and an ability to act instinctively for quality; once these principles are practised progression is simply a matter of course.
Spirals of change
Authors: Foster M. , Whittle S.
Published: May 2006

Considers the requirements for making organisational change. Contends that those companies that have made the transition have done so by changing the way in which management thinks. Goes on to detail one of the most prevalent assumptions in manufacturing management, the service factory, and ways in which thinking around this concept can be changed for the benefit of manufacturing strategy.
Winning the customer service war
Authors: Bielenberg C.
Published: May 2006

Examines the problems that companies face as they seek cost‐effective ways of attracting new customers and ensuring the loyalty of existing ones. Considers ways in which companies can differentiate themselves without becoming slaves to price wars, technology hype or the latest marketing gimmicks. Argues that success in maturing markets will increasingly depend on every aspect of an organisation contributing to service quality.
Monitoring initiatives
Authors: Harkness J.
Published: May 2006

Looks at some methods for measuring the effectiveness of quality management initiatives. Considers internal and external assessments, and the need to continuously track customer perceptions. Offers some useful advice for ensuring a successful monitor.
Positive interaction
Authors: Kelly B.
Published: May 2006

Looks at the communications event as an effective opportunity to launch an organisation initiative aimed at involving everybody in the task of improving quality. Outlines the elements involved in such events, the programme objectives, and finally methods for addressing and presenting data to staff and management alike.
CHANGING MEN AND CHANGING MANAGEMENTS: A REVIEW OF ISSUES
AND ACTIONS
Authors: Hearn Jeff
Published: May 2006

Concerns the relationships between the problem of men, the problem
of management, and the management of change, which are considered in
terms of the mutuality of men′s power and the power of management: men′s
behaviour in management may be oppressive, men numerically dominate
management, and men′s domination of the structure of organizations and
management. Outlines some of the ways in which men have attempted to
change in response to feminism and describes ways in which management
can be changed, including reducing the number of men in management,
changing men′s behaviour, issues of sexuality and violence, and
challenging men in management to clarify where they stand in relation to
sexism and feminism.
TRENDS AND DIRECTIONS IN DUAL‐CAREER FAMILY RESEARCH
Authors: Smith Catherine R.
Published: May 2006

Describes trends in the dual‐career research literature, which
shows that conflicting demands of home and work are exacerbated when
both partners strive for upward career progression, disadvantaging women
more than men, and adversely affecting their work performance.
Directions for future work in the area are indicated, including more
studies of women managers. Employers have a key role to play in
enhancing both organizational and individual benefits, by acknowledging
the interrelationship between home and work, and the conflicting demands
and loyalties facing dual‐career couples, and adopting innovative and
flexible work options.
WOMEN IN TRANSPORT DESIGN
Authors: Hann Jennifer
Published: May 2006

Discusses a report by Hann and Williams from Coventry Polytechnic
Department of Industrial Design. The aim of the report was to assess the
problems facing a male‐oriented course, when attempting to attract
female applicants. The research took the form of two questionnaires
– one questioned girls in schools, the other questioned women who
had studied or who were currently studying industrial design, and showed
that many factors contribute to the non‐participation of women in
industrial design, specifically automotive design. Perceptions of course
titles were an important factor. The research concluded that women
express little interest in car design, preferring to design domestic
consumer products. However, women expressed interest in the management
of design projects. Concludes that there is an important role for women
in transport design.
REJECTION AND RESOLUTION
Authors: Lowden Hamish
Published: May 2006

Considers the effects on women of rejection by business and
society. Recommends changes both in personal outlooks and in business
society cultures. Male dominance that prevents progress for women in
organizations can lead to their taking up business ownership in their
own right. Discontinuous changes are foreseen: successful accomplishment
in this environment requires that positive learning attitudes are
adopted alongside appropriate training to cope with new circumstances.
Provides examples and case studies illustrating how women acquire
confidence to make their way in a manmade world. Discusses future work
patterns and their effects on business and society. Suggests changing
roles for the sexes with emphasis on women′s and men′s joint
contribution to an improved culture and economy.
UNDERSTANDING AND DEALING WITH THE PROBLEM OF SEXUAL
HARASSMENT IN THE WORKPLACE
Authors: Cabrera Nora , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: May 2006

Argues that sexual harassment is no longer just a personal matter,
as the increase in lawsuits against firms in the USA shows; employers
have an obligation to provide a safe environment, or they will suffer
the consequences, whether they are aware of the harassment or not.
Recommends that employers should first gain a clear understanding of the
definition of sexual harassment, of its forms and origins, of who is
most commonly harassed and who the harassers are, before going on to why
it occurs, and how to handle it. Further suggests that employers design
a strong policy against sexual harassment, communicate it to all
employees, and train employees – workers must realize that their
own views and values are not those of their co‐workers and that they
must respect one another.
WOMAN EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATOR: NO LONGER A CONTRADICTION
IN TERMS
Authors: Wade Everett Linda , Vaughn Courtney Ann , Aagaard Lola
Published: May 2006

Deals with women at the level of educational administrators and
outlines interviews with 17 women, both black and white, pointing up
aspects of colour, sexism, prejudice, discrimination, female
stereotyping and male chauvinism, and incidentally exposing the
degradation common to a large number of schools in the US. Highlights
the responsibility of women administrators for the welfare of their
students as opposed to that of incompetent teachers and assails the
hitherto impregnable bastions of the traditional male leader.
ACADEMIC ATTAINMENT, ASSIMILATION AND FEMINISM IN CANADIAN
SCHOOLS OF BUSINESS
Authors: Orser Barbara
Published: May 2006

Investigates employment discrimination in Canadian Schools of
Business. A review of Statistics Canada data on student (1971, 1978) and
faculty composition (1980, 1985, 1989) demonstrates that the number of
females as a percentage of undergraduate and graduate students of
business has increased significantly as has the total percentage of
female faculty. Females are, however, significantly under‐represented in
senior academic positions of associate and full professors with little
change over the study period. Discusses barriers to academic attainment
and the consequences to feminist research in the administrative
sciences.
MAKING THEIR WAY IN THE ORGANIZATION: WOMEN MANAGERS IN
QUEBEC
Authors: Lépine Irène
Published: May 2006

Examines the career patterns of a sample of 49 francophone women
who graduated between 1974 and 1981 from an undergraduate programme in
business administration. A typology of career paths is established.
Analyses these career paths taking into account some of the features of
organizational environments, the events in individuals′ personal lives
and the decisions that are the outcome of the interactions between these
sets of variables.
SOCIAL‐SEXUAL BEHAVIOURS AT WORK: EXPERIENCES OF MANAGERIAL
AND PROFESSIONAL WOMEN
Authors: Burke Ronald J. , McKeen Carol A.
Published: May 2006

Reports on a study which examined the incidence, antecedents and
consequences of social‐sexual behaviours at work. These include any
non‐work related behaviour having a sexual component, such as
harassment, flirting, posters and pin‐ups, and sexual jokes. Data were
collected from 267 Canadian managerial and professional women using
questionnaires completed anonymously. Women experiencing more harassing
and non‐harassing social‐sexual behaviours at work were less satisfied
and less committed to their organizations and reported poorer emotional
wellbeing. Few demographic characteristics were related to social‐sexual
behaviours experienced. Work environment characteristics, however, were
more strongly related to experienced social‐sexual behaviours at work.
Managerial and professional women reported experiencing harassing and
non‐harassing social‐sexual behaviours with the same frequency as
working women in general.
POSITIVE ACTION: TOWARDS A STRATEGIC APPROACH
Authors: Chater Robin E.J. , Chater Catherine V.
Published: May 2006

Positive action is a difficult and often misunderstood concept
which covers a wide range of individual measures to improve the position
of disadvantaged groups. Seeks to clarify the concept, outline its
development and put forward a number of practical strategies for those
working in the equal opportunities field. Its principal focus is the
European Community, with particular attention given to the UK.
DEVELOPING AUTHENTICITY IN MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMMES
Authors: Tanton Morgan
Published: May 2006

The ethnographic data obtained from in‐depth evaluations carried
out in three leading European business schools were used to study
women′s experience of management education. There were several
structural differences between the three programmes, one of which was
the number of women present. For example, one was an all‐male programme;
the second was predominantly attended by males and the third programme
had equal numbers of males and females. The findings precipitated the
development of a model which suggests that only when equal numbers of
women and men attend programmes for management development will women
(and men?) feel able to express their authenticity in these settings.
NEW SOLUTIONS TO THE SAME OLD GLASS CEILING
Authors: Morrison Ann M.
Published: May 2006

Examines the equal opportunities problems associated in the US,
particularly, with regard to women and the coloured community and
promotion to management jobs. Shows that white males still dominate and,
while their involvement in choosing possible successors is still strong,
the prevention of others to entry will continue. Differing types of
solution are discussed and the conclusion is that the “glass
ceiling”, while not being broken, is at least showing signs of
cracking.
BREAKING THE GLASS CEILING: ANOTHER PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Still Leonie V.
Published: May 2006

Women′s progress up the corporate ladder is still limited by a
“glass ceiling” despite the myriad of Government policies
and programmes which have been introduced to ensure that their talents
and skills are recognised. Reviews the reasons for this existence of the
“glass ceiling” and the role managerial women may have
played (consciously or unconsciously) in sustaining it by having
inappropriate qualifications and experience for the top positions. Women
can help themselves to overcome this career hurdle by: acquiring
appropriate business skills and know how; taking up line‐management
positions rather than management service roles; gaining the necessary
experience through “apprenticeship” and “acting
positions”; seeking career counselling; volunteering for
leadership and executive positions; and acquiring the ability to measure
their operating effectiveness in the workplace. Women also need to be
aware of the emergence of new barriers to their progress. The current
socio‐economic situation is creating different “glass
ceilings” in the form of the downsizing of organizations, new
differentiated and self‐directed career paths, the advent of the
contractual worker, and the care of aged parents.
CAREER PATHS IN TRADITIONAL WOMEN’S JOBS: A COMPARISON OF
SECRETARIAL PROMOTION PROSPECTS IN ENGLAND, FRANCE AND GERMANY
Authors: Truss Catherine , Goffee Robert , Jones Gareth
Published: May 2006

It has been argued that gender segregation within the labour market
leads to women being overrepresented in a narrow range of jobs that
offer limited promotion prospects. Presents the results of a
questionnaire and interview study of women working in one such
occupation, secretarial work, in England, France and Germany, and in the
sectors of management consultancy and publishing. The results confirmed
that secretaries in all three countries experience poor and unsystematic
promotion prospects, despite the fact that many secretaries aspire to
leave secretarial work. Sectoral differences are not as great as had
been anticipated, and barriers to promotion were found to be especially
acute in France and Germany. Promotion within secretarial work itself is
shown to lack real value, and the implications of this for organizations
are discussed.
SUPPORTING THE CAREER ASPIRATIONS OF MANAGERIAL WOMEN:
DESIRED DEVELOPMENTAL OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: McKeen Carol A. , Burke Ronald J.
Published: May 2006

Examines the desirability of 21 different career development
opportunities for managerial and professional women. Data were collected
from 245 women in early career stages using questionnaires. There was
considerable variety in their desired developmental opportunities; women
with family responsibilities were less desirous of career development
activities and geographic moves and more desirous of flexible working
hours and working fewer hours; managerial and professional women
desirous of flexible work hours or working fewer hours reported less
work satisfaction and poorer psychological wellbeing. Offers
implications for organizations and managerial women (and men).
WORK AND FAMILY: ISSUES FOR THE 1990S
Authors: Young Lisa , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: May 2006

As an increasing number of women enter the workforce, the
traditional boundaries between work and family become less defined. The
two important directions for dealing with this new phenomenon are
further research and development of family‐oriented policies by
government and corporations. New research involves the use of
longitudinal studies and more refined definitions of work and family
variables. The focus of the policies, in response to the issues of work
and family, revolves around family leave, child and dependent care
programmes, flexible work schedules and other assistance. Though there
has been some momentum by governments and corporations, much progress is
needed in the 1990s to develop more effective policies and to overcome
attitudes as the impact of women in the workforce becomes more
prominent.
LITERACY PROBLEMS AND EMPLOYMENT
Authors: Atkinson John
Published: May 2006

Reports on research conducted for the Employment Service into the
problems faced by people with literacy difficulties in getting a job
– even an unskilled job which would require few or no literacy
skills to perform it.
OPPORTUNITY 2000: A CULTURE CHANGE APPROACH TO EQUAL
OPPORTUNITY
Authors: Hammond Val
Published: May 2006

Describes approach of Opportunity 2000, the UK business‐led
campaign, which aims to rebalance the workforce so that women are
employed, especially in management, in a way that reflects their
abilities. The campaign is underpinned by research in the UK, USA and
elsewhere. Compares models of organizational culture change and
implementation of equal opportunities and develops a new model of
change. Gives examples of the business case for equal opportunity.
MISMANAGING SEXUAL HARASSMENT: PROTECTING THE PERPETRATOR
AND BLAMING THE VICTIM
Authors: Collinson David L. , Collinson Margaret
Published: May 2006

The EC has recently ratified a code of practice on sexual
harassment in the workplace. Drawing on case study material, argues that
initiatives designed to formalize the procedures for dealing with sexual
harassment are necessary but by no means sufficient for its effective
management. Presents case studies which outline how sexual harassment
can be mismanaged both by professional managers and by trade union
representatives.
Flood Disasters in Britain: Lessons from Flood Hazard
Research
Authors: Parker Dennis J.
Published: May 2006

Focuses on issues emerging from extensive research conducted by the
Flood Hazard Research Centre in Britain. Although the total flood loss
potential is rising, there is no indication that local authorities and
the emergency services are responding to the increased risk. The flood
warning dissemination process is inadequate and problems exist within
the town and country planning process. Local authorities should, with
support from central government, be capable of doing more to avoid the
creation and build‐up of flood disaster potential through more
restrictive and sensitive control of development.
Proposed Disaster Scale and Associated Model for
Calculating Return Periods for Disasters of Given Magnitude
Authors: Keller A.Z. , Wilson H.C. , Al‐Madhari A.
Published: May 2006

Describes the Bradford Disaster Scale (BDS) classification system.
Designed to compare disasters arising from different sources, BDS is
logarithmic in nature and is based on the number of fatalities involved
in the occurrence of a disaster. Provides examples of a general nature
to which the model is applied, including natural and man‐made disasters
both worldwide and European. More specifically, applies the model to the
total number of disasters occurring during the period 1970‐87 within the
chemical and allied industries. Outlines recommendations, including
preliminary hazard assessment for using, improving and extending the
model.
The Role of the European Community in Civil and
Environmental Emergencies
Authors: Hayward Peter
Published: May 2006

Provides a broad overview of the European Community′s activities in
the field of civil and environmental emergencies, and within the context
of current and recent political developments in Europe, projects the
Commission′s future role in its response to ecological disasters.
Stresses that the Community has a vital role to play, particularly in
such areas as co‐ordination of response, training and the provision of
expertise. The Community can provide an added value over and above the
capacities of individual member states. Close co‐operation with
competent authorities in member states is advocated.
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation: Some Prerequisites
Authors: Tiedemann Herbert
Published: May 2006

Disaster prevention and mitigation must be based on a detailed
knowledge of event probability distributions of all essential hazards
and on the damage probability functions of the different classes of
element at risk. Discusses the most important shortcomings in general
risk analysis and shows which parameters must be considered in the
evaluation of disaster potentials related to floods, windstorms,
earthquakes, and industrial risks.
The Role of Public Health Services in Disaster Prevention
Authors: Costanzo Santa
Published: May 2006

Public health authorities have a crucial role to play in disaster
prevention. They must identify the source of danger and ensure that it
is kept at a level of simple risk bringing into play every preventive
measure to guarantee a minimum level of safety. Outlines the importance
of impact studies – the potential catastrophic agent is identified
and examined with an eye to its reliability and “intrinsic
safety”. A second instrument available to public health
authorities is vulnerability analysis, namely the relationship between
the environment and the population. Stresses the role of education as a
“social” intervention in encouraging knowledge and the
adoption of a behaviour which will diminish the hazard factors and
increase the protection factors.
Handling the Legal Consequences of Aviation Disasters:
Passenger Compensation
Authors: Awford Ian
Published: May 2006

Concentrates on the anomalous passenger legal liability position of
the carrier, the unfairness of the current liability regime with regard
to passengers in the context of the special legal protection the carrier
currently enjoys.