bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geographic Internet domains
Authors: Forrest Heather Ann
Published: February 2025

Geographic names have posed challenges for Internet domain name policy makers since the earliest days of the Domain Name System (or ‘DNS’, as it is most commonly known). As the DNS develops with the addition of hundreds of new top-level domains and the challenges posed by geographic domains are addressed only on an ad hoc basis, DNS policy on these names reduces coherency, thus reducing confidence in the DNS and its controlling authority, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The broad range of issues currently and foreseeably raised by the use of geographic names in the DNS means that all Internet stakeholders are affected, not simply those claiming rights or interests in such names. This article offers insight into why geographic domain names remain problematic more than two decades after these issues first arose, identifies trends in DNS policy respecting geographic names and highlights the impact on various Internet stakeholders of current policy and decisions.
TransACT’s foundation and initial rollout
Authors: Eckermann Robin
Published: February 2025

TransACT (2000- ) introduced Australia’s first VDSL network, offering a ‘triple play’ of voice, data (e.g. Internet access), broadcast and video-on-demand services in Australia’s capital city, Canberra, in competition with the incumbent carrier Telstra. TransACT’s founding Chief Architect, Robin Eckermann, reminisces on the founding of TransACT and some of the lessons to be learned from this fore-runner of the National Broadband Network (NBN).
160 years of Australian telecommunications
Authors: Gerrand Peter
Published: February 2025

The Australian telecommunications industry has reached its 160th anniversary this year measured from the completion of its first electrical telegraph network on 3 March 1854, linking Melbourne to Williamstown. The back story to the implementation of that first network suggests that Lieutenant Governor Charles La Trobe and the colony’s first General-Superintendent of Telegraphy, Samuel McGowan, should be celebrated as the founders of Australian telecommunications: the visionary and his appointee, the entrepreneurial project manager. A brief overview is given of how the Australian telecommunications industry has evolved to the present day, including the evolution of the Telecommunications Society of Australia (now TelSoc), a society of volunteers supporting the industry since 1874, i.e. for 140 years of the industry’s 160 years.
Virtualisation of Network Functions and the SDN
Authors: Iyer Sundar
Published: February 2025

A 'telco' or telecommunications service provider’s network is both the source of its high cost base and source of differentiation. Telcos incur the high capital and operational costs of customised, vendor-proprietary hardware as they seek differentiation through network capacity addition, service quality and coverage improvement. These decisions to invest in the network are motivated by supply-side competition and demand particularly cross-segment demand for data services, much of which is for ‘over-the-top’ social networking and video streaming services that the telco can only partially monetise. This has created a dichotomy of margin erosion a high cost to serve with diminishing returns on additional capacity investments. However, an approach that blends IT, networking and data centre technologies promises to improve this equation, as evidenced by primary research, surveys and proof-of-concepts by Hewlett Packard. Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) offers to immediately lower the capital and operational cost base by implementing a growing set of previously closed network platforms and functions on standard IT hardware. This will set the scene in the next few years for faster software-defined network (SDN) additions which will improve utilisation of network assets and allow lower-cost experiments to flex and scale capacity to improve network services and introduce new innovations. This article provides an introductory view of these emergent developments.
Convergence in Action
Authors: Campbell Leith
Published: February 2025

This article describes the key events leading up to the formation in 1960 of the Computer Society of South Australia, the first State-based computer society in Australia. It proposes that an understanding of the convergence of requirements (between administration, academia, industry and to some extent the military) was important in identifying the opportunity and bringing the main contributors together. It suggests that such an approach may be useful in similar circumstances today. The key role played by Professor Ren Potts of the University of Adelaide is emphasised. Some of Professor Potts’s other activities of relevance to telecommunications are outlined.
New Ideas for digital affordability
Authors: Goggin Gerard
Published: February 2025

Affordability is an important and recurrent issue in telecommunications and the digital economy. With the rise of the Internet and mobiles, there have emerged a range of new ideas about addressing long-standing affordability issues. Yet it has been difficult for the interested policy actors to forge such ideas into a new paradigm, and even harder to gain a new consensus and public support. Accordingly, this paper considers this policy impasse, analyses leading directions, and argues for the importance of arriving at a new carefully coordinated and unified approach to affordability.
S-MANAGE Protocol for Provisioning IoT Applications on Demand
Authors: Nguyen Chau , Hoang Doan
Published: February 2025

Internet of Things (IoT)-based services have started making an impact in various domains, such as agriculture, smart farming, smart cities, personal health, and critical infrastructures. Sensor/IoT devices have become one of the indispensable elements in these IoT systems and services. However, their development is restricted by the rigidity of the current network infrastructure, which accommodates heterogeneous physical devices. Software-Defined Networking-Network Functions Virtualization (SDN-NFV) has emerged as a service-enabling solution, supporting network and network function programmability. Provisioning IoT applications on demand is a natural application of programmability. However, these technologies cannot be directly deployed in the sensing/monitoring domain due to the differences in the functionality of SDN network devices and sensor/IoT devices, as well as the limitation of resources in IoT devices. This paper proposes an S-MANAGE protocol that preserves the SDN-NFV paradigm but provides a practical solution in controlling and managing IoT resources for provisioning IoT applications on demand. S-MANAGE is proposed as a new southbound protocol between the software-defined IoT controller and its IoT elements. The paper presents the design of S-MANAGE and demonstrates its use in provisioning IoT services dynamically.
President's Report 2024 Executive Summary
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: February 2025

From Resolutions to Solutions: A Year of Transformation Under IDBImpact+: President Ilan Goldfajn's second year at the IDB began with the most consequential annual meetings in over a decade. Our governors approved three transformational reforms to build an IDB with greater impact and scale.
Mapping Soft Skills in the Job Market: A Case Study from France
Authors: Kic-Drgas Joanna , Kılıçkaya Ferit , Evain Christine , Kelleher William , Spedaliere Monica , Shakhovska Nataliya
Published: February 2025

Soft skills are increasingly vital in the professional market due to growing specialization across industries, as well as trends in migration and globalization. Despite employers’ clear expectations regarding soft skills, these expectations are rarely assessed through systematic surveys. This study addresses this gap by providing an international perspective on current needs, with a focus on France, a partner in the Erasmus+ KA220-HED-9C51598F project, “Gamification Assets for Multisensorial Educative Tools in Language Learning using Co-Creation for Addressing Needs and Desires of Students Starting”. An online survey conducted between November 2022 and January 2023 explored the soft skills required in companies and challenges related to language use in professional contexts. The survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative coding for open-ended responses. The findings highlight evolving labor market demands for soft skills and offer insights into the educational landscape in France. This paper discusses the implications of these results for curriculum development and the design of targeted, effective language-learning programs tailored to contemporary workforce needs.
The Development of the Online Collaboration Competency in a MOOC of Teaching French as a Foreign Language: a Case Study in a Moroccan School of Business and Management
Authors: Elomari Driss
Published: February 2025

Since the advent of the university reform in Morocco, the debate around soft skills has given rise to a large part of the debates involving the actors of the higher education system. At the institutional level, the framework law called for an optimal exploration of pedagogical avenues with the aim of making university training profitable in the short and long term. In this regard, several scientific research works have focused on course descriptions, implementation contexts, analyses of inventories, but few times on instruments. Indeed, the health situation has required a massive use of distance learning devices generating multifaceted experiences. As a result, the concern was to harmonize these digital experiences towards an instrumental approach around sustainable and efficient solutions, and to measure their impact on learners. It is from this perspective that the present research is based. This is the design and implementation of a MOOC aimed at strengthening the teaching of transversal skills, in particular the competence of collaboration. On the technological side, content scripting has made it possible to put grains of content online according to an instructional design model called (ADDIE). The objective was to measure the impact of the online collaboration skill in the teaching of French as a foreign language in an institution with limited access, in this case the School of Business and Management in Fez, Morocco. Through this pedagogical path, the student and the teacher had the opportunity to interact in the framework of an active pedagogy based on feedback and the automation of online tasks that was transformed into an online collaboration to a hybrid collaboration at the end of the learning journey.
The Problem of Making Errors and their Correction in Foreign Language Teaching
Authors: Babushkina Larisa E. , Zaitsev Aleksei A. , Kadi Svetlana V.
Published: February 2025

This research aims to the problem of making errors by students in foreign language teaching which is one of the most important ones in the foreign languages teaching methodology. The purpose of the research is to describe the different concepts of error in the foreign languages teaching methodology and to propose the recommendations for eliminating and correcting them. It presents a brief history of the formation of the errors theory and various definitions of the concept of error in the context of the foreign language teaching methodology, considers and analyzes the main causes of errors in the process of foreign language learning, their main classifications according to various criteria presented in Russian and foreign literature. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time on the empirical basis of the research the structure of the concept of error in the foreign languages teaching methodology has been revealed. The theoretical significance of the research is associated with the possible use of the proposed recommendations and methods for eliminating and correcting errors. The practical value can be determined by the possible use of materials and research results in the practice of foreign languages teaching. The analysis of the concept of error disclosed in the article can be used as the basis for elective disciplines in the field of foreign languages teaching methodology. The conclusions of this work can serve as a basis for drawing up guidelines for eliminating and correcting errors in foreign language teaching. It can be useful for both the student and the teacher. They help the student to analyze new material and use it in the right way. The teacher is helped to assess how much the material has been mastered and what kind of help students need at this stage of learning.
Attitudes Toward Errors in Learning French as a Foreign Language: The Case of Slovenian Learners from Different Age Groups
Authors: Lah Meta
Published: February 2025

The objective of this article was to study attitudes toward errors in three age groups: young people (high school students), young adults (young teachers or future teachers of French as a foreign language), and seniors. We formulated three hypotheses: seniors would be less accepting of errors than younger learners; attitudes toward errors and the preferred method of correction would vary depending on the age group; and (future) teachers would distinguish more clearly between errors and mistakes compared to the other two groups. The analysis of the questionnaires confirmed the second and third hypotheses, while the first was not confirmed, which is surprising.
In conclusion, we emphasize the essential role of the method of error correction and stress the importance of not dramatizing errors if we want them to become a constructive part of foreign language teaching.
The Implicit in Children's Illustrated Literature - a Study of Hooray for Saudi Coffee comic strip
Authors: Zemni Bahia , Beji Jihene , Chaouch Zoubeir , Alshehri Fawziah
Published: February 2025

What's the advantage of an illustrated text? Firstly, it's clearer, and secondly, it requires less effort to interpret than a text (since the words are accompanied by images). And when aimed at children, it's a valuable teaching tool. In this case, the purpose of the illustrated text is to transmit knowledge about a cultural fact (the cultivation and preparation of coffee in Saudi Arabia). At the same time, we need to look at the form, the writing. Linguistic tools, such as signs, are used to convey this knowledge. Moreover, by being semantically structured, and therefore acceptable, the text calls on semantics; furthermore, by its presentation, in the form of a conversation involving several speakers, the text calls on pragmatics; viewed from this angle, the reader is then led to question the author's aim and the purpose of the text.
The Flipped Classroom, a Vector for the Development of Digital Competence among Language Learners/Students
Authors: Toro Elona , Kisi Anida , Robja Greta
Published: February 2025

This article explores the integration of the flipped classroom in language teaching to develop learners' digital competence. It highlights the autonomy, collaboration and creativity favored by this approach, as well as its impact on linguistic mastery. The article also presents a project of the Faculty of Foreign Languages of the University of Tirana, aimed at evaluating the use of the flipped classroom and improving the digital skills of teachers and students. The survey questionnaires made it possible to collect valuable data on the use of digital tools and the perception of the flipped classroom. Finally, the project includes training and the creation of an online module to strengthen digital skills and promote the flipped classroom.
Translating the Untranslatable: a Reality, a Myth ?
Authors: Kamberi Nerimane , Luma Krenare
Published: February 2025

La Place de l'étoile, translated from French into Albanian Vendi i Yllit (Modiano, 2016 ) is the first novel by French nobelist Patrick Modiano, in which he lays the foundations of his work, whose center is Paris and the theme of virtually all his work, identity, memory, Judaism. Focusing on the translation of this novel, this paper will take a closer look at literary translation, and more specifically at untranslatability, which according to some theorists is a myth, since everything is translatable, and for others, a reality, since in certain cases of translations of literary works, poetry or prose, the translator will find it impossible to render the text as it is, from one language to another. We're going to analyze the translator's choice of title, look at the difficulties he might have encountered, and try to understand the strategy he used to overcome this difficulty and propose variants. Along with Modiano, other authors as Ismail Kadare and examples of translation will be examined in this contribution.
Prosodic Characteristics of Poetic Text in the Kazakh Language
Authors: Bazarbayeva Zeinep Muslimovna , Srailova Akmaral , Amanbayeva Aisaule , Zhumabayeva Zhanar , Ospangaziyeva Nazgul
Published: February 2025

This article describes the prosodic features of the Kazakh poetic text. The prosodic nature of poetic speech finds its expression in poetic rhythm, which gives it a certain coloring. The basic unit of poetic rhythm is the line. Kazakh verse is defined as syllabic, with the same number of syllables in a poetic line. Maintaining a certain number of syllables in each poetic line is necessary for implementing rhythm. It is possible to identify rhythmic groups and syntagmas within a long line. In small poetic forms, the rhythmic group, syntagm and line coincide in volume; in large poetic forms, a line, as a rule, consists of several rhythmic groups.
The rhythmic division of Kazakh speech, which is conveyed using rhythmic stress, plays an important role in conveying the meaning of a statement, and the meaning of the transmitted information depends on its correct placement. As shown by experimental phonetic data, the main prosodic components of emphasis in the Kazakh language are duration and partly melody. Kazakh poetic works consist of seven-eight-syllable and eleven-syllable verses. This form of verse construction creates a light, dynamic rhythm and carries with it great expressive possibilities. The combination of rhythmic parts in a line, equal in number of syllables, contributes to the fact that poetic speech takes on a rhythmically smooth flow, distinguished by its regularity. As a result of the analysis of poetic texts, it was revealed that Kazakh versification is based on the syllabic structure.
Each line, consisting of two or three rhythmic groups, constitutes an independent syntagm, representing a semantic-prosodic whole with a final rhyme accentuated by tonal, temporal and dynamic parameters. Syntagms are characterized by ascending and descending tonal contours with a drop in the melodic curve at the junctions of lines, together they form a wave-like rhythmic-prosodic unity with a long final pause, while the syntagma corresponds to certain intonemes, which combine not only prosodic, but also semantic-syntactic properties.
Plurilingual Practices and Sociolinguistic Reconfigurations Through Advertising Posters in Algiers
Authors: Bedjaoui Wafa , Dautbaeva Kuralai
Published: February 2025

This study focuses on the sociolinguistic characteristics of advertisements displayed in public spaces in the city of Algiers, the capital of Algeria. It examines the weight of languages and the strategies used to put into discourse the sociolinguistic richness of idioms. The study also examines the situation of the Tamazight language in Algeria after its officialization as well as the methods of integration of this language through advertisements. This involves the analysis of sociolinguistic reconfigurations in a changing multilingual context. The results of the field survey indicate that the Algerian advertising landscape is characterized by the presence of the standard Arabic language, the French language in public and private institutions, the English language as well as the Tamazight language with its varieties.
The Olympic Games 2024 in French Online Media Discourse
Authors: Ilinca Elena-Cristina , Tomescu Ana-Marina , Sournin Sophie Dufossé
Published: February 2025

This article aims to analyse the discursive construction around The 2024 Summer Olympics event in online media using an approach that brings together analysis elements used in linguistics, pragmatics, discourse analysis, argumentation, and rhetoric. First, we will attempt to clarify the meaning of a few key terms used in the study: media, mediatisation, media discourse, public space, media event construction. Then, we offer an analysis of some online texts dealing with the Olympic Torch Relay by highlighting the discursive mechanisms capable of establishing it at the media level as an event of major significance for the public.
The University Environment as a Contextual Instrument in Learning Professional French
Authors: Samorodova Ekaterina A. , Merzouk Samira
Published: February 2025

The linguistic landscape of the university environment is an interesting object for study in the field of linguodidactics. The territory of international universities or universities with a large number of foreign students usually represents a special linguistic educational and ecological space. The functions of the linguistic landscape, according to researchers-theorists, depends on the educational context and changes according it. Being the part of the academic environment, as educative programs, the linguistic landscape is also aimed at formation of desired linguistic knowledge of students. As it was noted by several researchers the linguistic landscape is the semiotic space of the language in which communication is carried out and where the language works and is being perceived by the participants in communication. Students, immersed in the linguistic landscape of the university, learn the language faster and more effectively, as the present study shows. This is especially efficient for professional vocabulary. Visual perception of public written texts develops students' visual memory, enriches their vocabulary and expands their range of knowledge in the professional field.
Improving Distributed Cloud Data Engineering with AI-Powered Failure Prediction Systems
Authors: Pentyala Dillep Kumar
Published: February 2025

The exponential adoption of distributed cloud systems has imposed heretofore unseen demands as to data dependability, redundancy, and process performance. The conventional failure detection techniques can only provide a partial solution to the dynamic nature of the Distributed Cloud Environment that requires substantial time and consumes valuable resources. This paper introduces a novel framework that applies AI failure prediction systems to the decentralized cloud data engineering processes. The proposed solutions involve integrating state-of-art machine learning and deep learning techniques with on real-time system analysis and prognostication of potential failures a priori.
By following the procedure of combining the system logs with performance parameters and analyzing the patterns of anomaly detection, the framework provides high accuracy and scalability. The evaluation outcome also shows positive developments such as a seventy percent reduction in the downtime, improvement on the data credibility, and efficiency of the resource usage. The previous section presented quantifiable results to back the applicability of the framework and can prove to be a solution for real-world distributed cloud systems in accomplishing optimal cloud data engineering operations with minimum failure effect.

In view of this, this research forms a strong background to enhance failure prediction methods in the distributed cloud systems to enhance development of more dependable and efficient cloud environments. Further studies will investigate the integration of hybrid AI models together with the increase in the range of scenarios, which will drive new issues in the distributed cloud environment.
Enhancing Supply Chain Management in The Oil and Gas Industry Through Digital Transformation of ERP Systems
Authors: Pentyala Dillep Kumar
Published: February 2025

The oil and gas industry operate within a highly complex and volatile supply chain environment, demanding efficient management practices to ensure operational reliability and cost-effectiveness. Traditional Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, while foundational, often fall short in addressing modern supply chain challenges such as real-time data integration, process optimization, and regulatory compliance. This study explores how digital transformation technologies—such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, and cloud computing—can revolutionize ERP systems to enhance supply chain management (SCM) in the oil and gas sector. By leveraging a mixed-methods approach, including industry surveys, expert interviews, and case studies, the research identifies key benefits of digital ERP systems, including increased operational efficiency, cost reduction, and improved decision-making capabilities. The study also addresses implementation challenges, such as organizational resistance and integration complexities, offering a framework for successful digital ERP transformation. These findings have significant implications for advancing supply chain resilience, sustainability, and competitive advantage in the oil and gas industry..
Ensuring Data Integrity in Cloud Computing Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Pentyala Dillep Kumar
Published: February 2025

In the digital era, cloud computing has become integral to modern data storage and processing, offering scalability and cost-effectiveness. However, ensuring data integrity—defined as the accuracy, consistency, and reliability of data—remains a critical challenge. Breaches or corruption can lead to severe operational, financial, and reputational damage.
This research explores the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to strengthen data integrity in cloud environments. Leveraging machine learning for anomaly detection, deep learning for pattern recognition, and AI-based automation for real-time monitoring, the study proposes a robust framework to address data integrity threats. It examines prevalent issues like unauthorized access and data tampering, highlighting the limitations of traditional methods such as cryptography and manual audits.
By integrating AI into cloud infrastructure, this research emphasizes a proactive approach to anticipating and mitigating threats. Through case studies and experimental results, the study demonstrates the potential of AI-driven solutions to enhance trust and reliability in cloud computing, paving the way for future innovations in this critical domain.
Condições de saúde e demandas assistenciais de residentes de instituições de longa permanência: panorama regional
Authors: Oliveira Janine Melo , Duarte Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira , Watanabe Helena Akemi Wada
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: analisar as condições de saúde e as demandas assistenciais de pessoas idosas residentes em Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos. Método: transversal, descritivo, quantitativo, realizado com residentes em instituições cadastradas no Sistema Único de Assistência Social, das cinco regiões brasileiras. Os dados foram coletados in loco, no período de agosto de 2015 a 2018, com questionário específico para capacidade cognitiva, avaliação funcional, condição de saúde e escala de depressão. A análise foi descritiva, com auxílio do software Stata®, versão 15. Resultados: as 4.250 pessoas idosas representaram as cinco regiões brasileiras e eram, na maioria, do sexo masculino, 80 anos ou mais, com presença de declínio cognitivo, multimorbidade e fazendo uso de polifarmácia (regiões Sul e Sudeste), com comprometimento funcional para atividades de vida diária. Não apresentaram quedas e realizaram pelo menos uma consulta médica nos 12 meses que antecederam a coleta, sendo a maioria na própria instituição. Conclusão: a maioria das pessoas idosas institucionalizadas têm comprometimento funcional e de saúde significativos, alteração cognitiva, multimorbidade, fazem uso de medicação diária, requerendo assistência especializada para o atendimento de suas necessidades, mesmo a instituição de longa permanência não sendo uma instituição de saúde.
Comparison of hypothermic and normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Amaç Bişar , Engin Mesut , As Ahmet Kağan , Abanoz Mustafa , Yavuz Şenol
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery operations accompanied by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are the most prominent treatment options. One of the basic application principles of the CPB system is the protection of vital organs by reducing metabolic rate and oxygen consumption with hypothermia. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of normothermia and hypothermia applications on clinical outcomes in CABG operations performed with CPB.
Methods: This single-center study was planned retrospectively. Patients who underwent isolated CABG operation with CPB at Şanlıurfa Mehmet Akif İnan Training and Research Hospital between January 01, 2020, and January 01, 2022, were included. A total of 120 patients, 60 of whom underwent hypothermic and 60 normothermic cardiac bypass, were included in the study after applying the exclusion criteria.
Results: There was no difference between the groups in terms of age, gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, left ventricular ejection fraction, and body surface area characteristics (P>0.05). In the normothermia group, urea, creatinine, direct bilirubin, and lactate levels were significantly higher in the first postoperative day blood values (P=0.003, P=0.04, P=0.028, P=0.005, and P<0.001, respectively). Positive inotropic agent requirement and defibrillation requirement after cross-clamping were significantly higher in the hypothermia group (P=0.006 and P=0.045, respectively).
Conclusions: In CABB operations performed with CPB, normothermia and hypothermia applications may have beneficial effects on different clinical situations.
Historicizing the Bard of Avon: Shakeshifting Shakespeare and the Constitution of Guarati Literary Culture
Authors: Ashwinkumar Hemang
Published: February 2025

In a century and a half of his continuous presence in India, Shakespeare has shapeshifted into manifold textual and performative “avatars,” from an agent of moral edification transforming into a subversive stick with which to beat the imperial culture. The “Bard” adapted to his immediate environs like a chameleon on the one hand, while standing tall on his native stage, on the other, asserting the imperial will and throwing the native cultural background in sharp relief. The Gujarati theatre and literary histories have borne witness to this ceaseless transformation. The present paper traces the high points in the histories of the “Bard’s” localization—from Shakespeare to Sheikh Pir—as well as his “non-localizations,” examining in the process how they reflect the evolution of the Gujarati literary culture along the caste, ethnic, and communal lines. An attempt is made in the paper to understand the role these histories could have played in engendering the essentialized, elitist, and monolithic ideas and identities that Gujarati literary culture still suffers from. Finally, the paper also points to the possible directions the translation and staging of Shakespeare’s plays can take in the postcolonial era.
Shakespeare Engraved: Frontispiece and Bardolatry
Authors: Sasaki Kazuki
Published: February 2025

The term Bardolatry has been used for over a century to describe the adoration of an Elizabethan playwright, Shakespeare, but the causes of this phenomenon have not been fully elucidated. The study explores the nature of this worship produced and disseminated by various theatrical cultures during the long eighteenth century. To understand the formation of the phenomenon, this paper examines the shifts in the engraved frontispieces, taking The Tempest as an example.
Greece Reinvented: Shakespeare’s “Greek Plays” as a Subgenre
Authors: Yarong Wu , Tianhu Hao
Published: February 2025

This article justifies the addition of “Greek Plays” as a subgenre to classify Shakespeare’s works. The six plays (A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Timon of Athens, Two Noble Kinsmen, The Comedy of Errors, Pericles, Prince of Tyre, and Troilus and Cressida) in this subgenre are defined as adaptations of ancient Greek literature, staged in Greek or closely related settings, and featuring characters from Greek mythology and history. Through a review of the research history of Shakespeare’s Greek plays and an exploration of interactions between Englishmen and Greeks, the authors provide a brief but comprehensive reading of his Greek plays and argue that Shakespeare juxtaposes ancient Greece with its early modern counterpart—a territory of difference and the Other—on the very edge of Europe, penetrated by the alien East and Islamic cultures. Greece is a land of ambiguity, reinvented by Shakespeare as a liminal space, and characterized by a mixture of humanist admiration for the grandeur of ancient Greek civilization, cautious respect for and alertness to its pagan origins, a profound desire for economic benefits in the Eastern Mediterranean, and Christian apprehensions and anxieties in Englishmen’s encounters with the Turks. By introducing “Greek Plays” as a subgenre, this paper not only helps to enrich our understanding of Shakespeare’s portrayal of “a world elsewhere” from multifaceted cultural perspectives but also attempts to expand the existing territory of Shakespearean studies.
Impact of Biofertilizers and Organic Manures on the Nutritional Content and Fruit Yield of Strawberries (Fragaria ananassa Duch.)
Authors:   Department of Agriculture, Bhai Gurdas Degree College, Sangrur, Punjab, India, Kaur Manjot
Published: February 2025

The experiment was carried out at the Bhai Gurdas Degree College's Agriculture Research Centre in Sangrur, Punjab, India, between 2023 and 2024. Chandler is the cultivar that was applied in the study. RBD was used to set up the experiment, which consisted of ten treatments and three replications. In the experiment, organic manure and biofertilizers were utilized in ten treatments: T1 (FYM + Azospirillum), T2 (FYM + PSB), T3 (FYM + Azotobacter), T4 (Vermicompost + Azospirillum), T5 (Vermicompost + PSB), T6 (Vermicompost + Azotobacter), T7 (Poultry manure + Azospirillum), T8 (Poultry manure + PSB), T9 (Poultry manure + Azotobacter), and T10 (Control). Under T5 (Vermicompost + PSB) treatments, the following data were recorded: highest plant height (24.060 cm), number of leaves (12.760), number of main branches (11.150), number of secondary branches (28.167), number of flowers (15.773), number of fruits per plant (8.623), fruit yield (207.230 gm), and fruit yield (59.230 q/ha).
Impact of Fertilizer and Bio Fertilizer on Different Growth Parameters of Gladiolus cv. American Beauty
Authors:   Department of Agriculture, Bhai Gurdas Degree College, Sangrur, Punjab, India, Singh Krishan Kumar
Published: February 2025

A field study was performed in 2023 and 2024 during the course of the two seasons in the practical filed of Bhai Gurdas Degree College, Sangrur, Punjab, India. The aim of this study was Impact of fertilizer and bio fertilizer on different growth parameters of gladiolus CV. American Beauty. The experiment was set up using a Randomized Block Design with Factorial concept (FRBD) with three replications and twenty-four treatment combos. The treatments included six treatments of biofertilizers (T1 Un-inoculated, T2 Azotobacter, T3 Phosphobacteria, T4 Azospirillum, T5 Azospirillum + Phosphobacteria, and T6 (Azotobacter + Phosphobacteria) and four fertilizer treatments (F0 Control (No fertilizer), F1 RDF, F2 85% RDF, and F3 70% RDF). The longest leaf's length, width, number of leaves per hill, maximum plant height, leaf area, leaf area index, minimum days taken to sprouting, sprouting percentage, number of sprouts per hill, and maximum plant height were all registered as T6 (Azotobacter + phosphobacteria).
Integrating Engineering and Technology for Sustainable Food Systems
Authors:   University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan, Ahmad Muhammad
Published: February 2025

The application of engineering to the production of sustainable food systems is examined more closely in this review. It deals with the important trifecta of the food system: issues such as food security, harnessing natural resources, and the catch-22 of sustainable economic development. Thus, it has shown very new innovations in food processing leading to an enhancement in the safety and shelf life of food by methods like high pressure preservation and biopreservation. It also addresses energy efficiency endeavours and disposal mechanisms particularly those revolving on the conversion of waste into energy. New technologies like Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things, and blockchain technology will also be covered as these if properly deployed can significantly reduce inputs because they will help in utilising all available resources in farming and help in providing traceability in the food chain. This review underscores the fact and necessity of technology adoption towards the realization of the sustainable development goals for food security, the environment, and climate change resilience. Combining these technologies the paper concludes that this would make a sustainable global food economy, efficient and capable of addressing some of the most dire contingencies of the future.
Teachers’ attitudes and perspectives towards diglossia in Algerian education
Authors: Rabahi Hanane
Published: February 2025

Diglossia, a sociolinguistic phenomenon, refers to the coexistence of two distinct varieties or dialects within the same language community. This phenomenon is widely observed around the world, with Algeria serving as a prominent example due to the interplay between Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and Algerian Arabic. Despite its significance, limited research has explored the role of diglossia within Algerian academic settings, particularly regarding teachers' attitudes towards its use in the classroom. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the prevalence of diglossia in Algerian secondary schools, with a specific focus on the attitudes of teachers at Moufdi Zakaria Secondary School across both scientific and literary disciplines. A questionnaire was administered to teachers to collect data on their perspectives and practices regarding the incorporation of diglossia in their teaching methods. The findings indicate that the use of diglossia in classrooms presents both advantages and challenges, influencing students' learning outcomes and comprehension abilities. While some teachers view diglossia as a helpful tool for bridging the gap between formal and colloquial language, others recognize potential drawbacks in terms of linguistic purity and academic rigor. This study provides valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and linguists, highlighting the need for a balanced approach to language use in educational contexts.
Keywords: Attitudes; diglossia; secondary education; teachers
Domestic Violence Reporting in Konde.co Media through Fiqh Perspective (Critical Discourse Analysis)
Authors: Farokhah Fiqih Aisyatul
Published: February 2025

This article aims to examine the portrayal of women in Konde.co media, the language utilized by the media to shape perceptions of gender roles, and the Islamic fiqh perspective on cases of domestic violence experienced by women, as depicted in mass media campaigns that perpetuate harmful gender stereotypes and normalize violence against women. The issue of domestic violence, particularly when viewed through an Islamic lens, remains a topic of significant interest to the public. It is crucial to analyze domestic violence cases from a fiqh standpoint, considering how Islamic jurisprudence plays a crucial role in dispelling misconceptions about gender disparities in the context of domestic violence. Fiqh also serves as a mechanism for societal regulation, intersecting with mass media influences. By employing Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis, this study highlights the impact of mass media, such as Konde.co, on shaping public perceptions of domestic violence. The findings suggest that Konde.co perpetuates gender ideologies, as evident in the content of news articles and the platform's name, which connote femininity, as well as the female journalists operating under the guise of Konde.co. Through their work, these female writers strive to challenge gender inequalities by addressing the issue of domestic violence.
Students’ Gains in English as a Second or Foreign Language through Game-Based Learning: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Barrun Jason S. , Gilbas Sherill A.
Published: February 2025

Various digitally aided applications have prompted ESL/EFL teachers to adopt them in their classrooms for games and experiments; hence, the concept of play in pedagogical settings has grown and become more modern, modifying the structures of Game-based Learning (GBL). This study, therefore, aims to analyze the effectiveness of GBL through meta-analysis. Following the set of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 studies in East Asia, Middle East Asia, and South America conducted from 2018 to 2023 have qualified for this study with 14 studies on tertiary level (n=822); 1 on secondary (n=56); and 1 on primary (n=46). Studies were obtained from Google Scholar, OpenAlex, Scopus, and Crossref. Further, the researchers used Harzing’s Publish or Perish software to exhaust the search process. Sample size, mean, and standard deviation were analyzed using the Jamovi software version 2.4 to determine the effect sizes (Hedge's g) and the results of moderator analysis, forest plot, funnel plot, and Classic Fail-Safe N test. Findings have shown that GBL, as an approach to teaching English, had a significant and positive effect (ES=1.19) on students' achievement in different language domains. Educational levels and the type of game-based learning employed as moderators were also proven to be factors that may affect learning outcomes. Hence, more studies testing the subgroups mentioned above should be conducted to facilitate more comprehensive comparative educational research in the future.
The effect of hydrogen addition to traditional petrol engine fuel in a hybrid power plant on its environmental performance and fuel efficiency
Authors: Depczyński Wojciech Paweł , Marchenko Andrii , Mishchenko Svitlana , Mishchenko Mykyta
Published: February 2025

The article is concerned with studying the impact of hydrogen additive to the traditional fuel of a petrol internal combustion engine (ICE) as part of a hybrid power plant on key indicators of its efficiency and environmental friendliness. The main attention is paid to the assessment of fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions within the NEDC driving cycle.
The paper develops a mathematical model of the internal combustion engine's working process, which takes into account the addition of hydrogen to the fuel mixture, and creates a model for determining the parameters of a hybrid powertrain in the NEDC cycle modes. The results of the study showed that every 2% addition of hydrogen to petrol reduces the specific effective fuel consumption by 2.8-3.5%, depending on the speed mode. It was found that the hybrid system provides effective energy recovery during braking, which contributes to the overall efficiency of the system.
The study confirms the prospects of using hydrogen as an additive to traditional fuels to improve the environmental friendliness and efficiency of transport, reduce CO₂ emissions and decarbonise the transport sector. The developed calculation methodology can be used for further research and implementation of new technologies in the field of hybrid powertrains.
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF WORK ON CULVERT UNDERPASS BOX STRUCTURES USING THE LEAN SIX SIGMA METHOD
Authors: Darmawan Rian , Susetyo Budi
Published: February 2025

Underpass is an infrastructure built by the government below the ground level to alleviate traffic congestion in large cities. The box culvert system serves as the construction for underpasses. The selection of this system has a significant impact on quality as it will affect the quality of work. The BSD underpass project on the Serpong - Balaraja toll road (Interchance Legok Area STA 9+800) needs to improve its quality because the results of the work do not meet the required standards. The aim of this research is to determine the most influential factors in the quality of underpasses and the implementation of lean six sigma. The research utilizes the Relative Importance Index (RII) method and the Lean Six Sigma method. From the research results, it was found that the most influential factor is ensuring that every incoming material meets the desired quality standards in the quality control variable. In addition, the analysis using Lean Six Sigma in Box Culvert work resulted in a DPMO value of 6058 per one million or equivalent to 4.133 sigma with a yield of 99.39%, thus requiring evaluation through the the DMAIC method Define – Measure – Analyze – Improvement – Control) to reduce defects and improve quality.
RISK MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS IN SPALD-T PROJECTS
Authors: Hasan Nining Ardiyanti , Hidayat Acep , Amin Mawardi
Published: February 2025

The Centralized Domestic Wastewater Management System (SPALD-T) projects play a crucial role in improving urban sanitation but face various risks that can affect project performance. This study aims to analyze the influence of risk factors on SPALD-T project performance in DKI Jakarta. Using a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design, data were collected through a survey of 125 members of the SPALD-T project team. The questionnaire used has undergone validity and reliability tests to ensure accurate measurement of variables. Multiple regression analysis was employed to test the relationship between risk factors and project performance. The results indicate that waste management risk has a significant and positive influence on project performance, with a regression coefficient of 0.188 and a p-value of 0.001. Meanwhile, technical risk shows a positive trend but is not statistically significant, with a regression coefficient of 0.104 and a p-value of 0.078. These findings emphasize the importance of a comprehensive risk management approach, especially in waste management aspects, to improve SPALD-T project performance. This research contributes to the development of more effective risk mitigation strategies in the context of sanitation infrastructure projects in Indonesia and highlights the need for further research on the interaction between various types of risks in influencing project performance.
COMMUNITY RESPONSE (CRM)-BASED PRIORITY SCALE SYSTEM FOR TRANSJAKARTA ROUTE REPAIR in DKI JAKARTA PROVINCE
Authors: Hairrudin  , Suroso Agus
Published: February 2025

This research aims to develop a priority scale system (PSS-TJ) based on Quick Community Response (QCR) for effective and efficient improvements to the TransJakarta route. Using aqualitative approaches with a case study in DKI Jakarta over 6 months, this research involved in- depth interviews with key stakeholders, fields observations of infrastructure conditions, and secondary data analysis from 13 official complaints channels. The research results identified six main criteria for priorities repairs, with the highest weights being the type of crack (0.25) and the width of the crack (0.20). The Road Damage Index (RDI) mathematical model was developed for an objectives assessment of the level of road damage, with Corridor 13 having the highest Road Damage Index (RDI) score (15), indicating the most urgent repairs needs. The integration of CRM data in decision making has been proven to increase the accuracy and responsiveness of TransJakarta infrastructure management. This system has the potential to significantly improve the quality of TransJakarta services, with a projected increase in travel time efficiency of up to 15% and user satisfaction of 20%. Furthermore, this Community Response (QCR) based priority scale system (PSS-TJ) can be an innovative model for Transjakarta road improvement systems in other cities in Indonesia, enabling resources optimization and increasing public participation in urban transportation infrastructure management.