bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Relaaax, I remember the recession in the early 1980s …”: Organizational storytelling as a crisis management tool
Authors: Kopp David M. , Nikolovska Irena , Desiderio Katie P. , Guterman Jeffrey T.
Published: September 2011

In this conceptual paper, we consider organizational storytelling as a communications tool in which stories are used to reduce the stress and anxiety of organizational members during a crisis. While there is much consensus among organizational scholars detailing storytelling's active role in such processes as organizational learning and performance (Boje, 1991; Czarniawska, 1998), knowledge sharing and knowledge management (Denning, 2000), management development (Morgan & Dennehy, 1997), and normative organizational behavior (Poulton, 2005), the literature is still evolving on how the act of storytelling could facilitate not only how organizational members make sense of a crisis, but also how they adapt to the inevitable organizational changes following a crisis. In particular, storytelling—with its narrative process—can be utilized to manage how the organizational members react to the crisis by absorbing what Patriotta (2003) called “the discordance by constructing a plot around a disruptive occurrence” (p. 163). Indeed, making sense of a crisis follows Weick's (1995) disruption‐transformation‐solution framework. We argue that storytelling should be part of an organization's crisis‐management program, per se. As human resource development and organizational crisis‐management disciplines share great commonality and concerns in areas dealing with organizational behavior during crises, we propose that storytelling can be used as HRD's toolkit in leveraging human capital pre‐, during, and post‐crises.
Influences of formal learning, personal learning orientation, and supportive learning environment on informal learning
Authors: Choi Woojae , Jacobs Ronald L.
Published: September 2011

While workplace learning includes formal and informal learning, the relationship between the two has been overlooked, because they have been viewed as separate entities. This study investigated the effects of formal learning, personal learning orientation, and supportive learning environment on informal learning among 203 middle managers in Korean commercial banks. To control the common method biases, the predictor and criterion variables were measured at different points in time with two separate sets of questionnaires. The results from using structural equation modeling showed that the proposed model indicated a better fit to the data than alternative models. It was found that formal learning and personal learning orientation have significant and positive impacts on informal learning. Although a supportive learning environment did not have a direct effect on informal learning, it had a modest but significant indirect effect on informal learning through formal learning. Implications for future research and practices are also discussed.
Proposed methods for potential evapotranspiration calculation of the Red River basin (North Vietnam)
Authors: Le Thi Phuong Quynh , Seidler Christina , Kändler Matthias , Tran Thi Bich Nga
Published: September 2011

Potential evapotranspiration (ETP) is an important part of a climatic water balance and a crucial variable in many kinds of models in computing actual evapotranspiration. The objective of this study was to find a reasonable approach of ETP calculation for a height‐differentiated landscape in subtropical climate. From the pool of diverse approaches, six common methods [Hamon, Priestley–Taylor, Thornthwaite, Blaney–Criddle, Turc and Food and Agricultural Organization Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56 (FAO‐56)] were selected. With the meteorological data for long‐term period (1964–2008), the calculation of ETP values was performed for 12 different meteorological stations in the Red River basin. Among the applied ETP calculation methods, the Turc and the FAO‐56 methods agreed well at most stations and represent best the expectations for the ETP values of the Thao and Da subbasins. The findings of our investigations indicate that in highly structured (land use and elevation) regions, not all methods provide satisfying results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum IGF1, IGF2 and IGFBP3 and risk of advanced colorectal adenoma
Authors: Gao Ying , Katki Hormuzd , Graubard Barry , Pollak Michael , Martin Michael , Tao Yuzhen , Schoen Robert E. , Church Timothy , Hayes Richard B. , Greene Mark H. , Berndt Sonja I.
Published: September 2011

The insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Elevated serum IGF1 levels have been associated with increased colorectal cancer risk; however, studies of this association with colorectal adenoma are inconclusive. We examined serum IGF1, IGF2 and IGFBP3 levels in relation to risk of advanced colorectal adenoma in a case‐control study within the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer screening trial. A total of 764 advanced, left‐sided colorectal adenoma cases and 775 controls frequency‐matched on gender and ethnicity, without evidence of a left‐sided polyp on sigmoidoscopy were included in the current study. Serum levels of IGF1, IGF2 and IGFBP3 were measured using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in serum samples collected at baseline. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations adjusting for age, race, sex, year of blood draw, body mass index, smoking and education. Higher IGF1 levels were associated with increased adenoma risk: ORs = 1.58 (95% CI = 1.16–2.16), 1.42 (95% CI = 1.04–1.93), and 1.80 (95% CI = 1.30–2.47) for the second, third and fourth quartiles, respectively (ptrend = 0.002). Elevated IGF2 levels were also associated with increased adenoma risk (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.05–1.96 for the fourth vs. first quartile, ptrend = 0.02), but the association was no longer significant after adjustment for IGF1 (ptrend = 0.28). IGFBP3 levels were not associated with adenoma risk. Our analysis showed a significant positive association between circulating IGF1 levels and risk of advanced colorectal adenoma, suggesting that IGF1 is associated with the pivotal precursor to colorectal cancer.
ASSESSING IRRIGATION PERFORMANCE FROM THE FARMERS' PERSPECTIVE: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Yakubov Murat
Published: September 2011

Irrigation performance assessments are important tools that irrigation service providers at various levels of the water management hierarchy can use for monitoring, benchmarking and self‐improvement. Despite the recognition that irrigation performance can and should be assessed from a variety of perspectives, the perspectives of the users, farmers, have received surprising little attention. This is even more apparent given the widespread context of irrigation management transfer reforms throughout the world aiming at effective user empowerment through farmer‐owned and driven water users associations. This paper attempts to partially fill this gap by exploring and sensitizing farmers' views about irrigation service and related performance dimensions using qualitative research methods. Based on focus group discussions with a purposive sample of farmers from a range of water users' associations in Central Asia and a grounded theory approach the study lays a conceptual foundation for future practical applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Height loss starting in middle age predicts increased mortality in the elderly
Authors: Masunari Naomi , Fujiwara Saeko , Kasagi Fumiyoshi , Takahashi Ikuno , Yamada Michiko , Nakamura Toshitaka
Published: September 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the mortality risk among Japanese men and women with height loss starting in middle age, taking into account lifestyle and physical factors.

A total of 2498 subjects (755 men and 1743 women) aged 47 to 91 years old underwent physical examinations during the period 1994 to 1995. Those individuals were followed for mortality status through 2003. Mortality risk was estimated using an age-stratified Cox proportional hazards model. In addition to sex, adjustment factors such as radiation dose, lifestyle, and physical factors measured at the baseline—including smoking status, alcohol intake, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and diagnosed diseases—were used for analysis of total mortality and mortality from each cause of death.

There were a total of 302 all-cause deaths, 46 coronary heart disease and stroke deaths, 58 respiratory deaths including 45 pneumonia deaths, and 132 cancer deaths during the follow-up period. Participants were followed for 20,787 person-years after baseline. Prior history of vertebral deformity and hip fracture were not associated with mortality risk. However, more than 2 cm of height loss starting in middle age showed a significant association with all-cause mortality among the study participants (HR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.31 to 2.38, p = 0.0002), after adjustment was made for sex, attained age, atomic-bomb radiation exposure, and lifestyle and physical factors. Such height loss also was significantly associated with death due to coronary heart disease or stroke (HR = 3.35, 95% CI 1.63 to 6.86, p = 0.0010), as well as respiratory-disease death (HR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.25 to 5.22, p = 0.0130), but not cancer death. Continuous HL also was associated with all-cause mortality and CHD- or stroke-caused mortality. Association between height loss and mortality was still significant, even after excluding persons with vertebral deformity.

Height loss of more than 2 cm starting in middle age was an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and respiratory-disease mortality among the elderly, even after adjusting for potential risk factors. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Differential gene expression in motor and sensory Schwann cells in the rat femoral nerve
Authors: Jesuraj Nithya J. , Nguyen Peter K. , Wood Matthew D. , Moore Amy M. , Borschel Gregory H. , Mackinnon Susan E. , Sakiyama‐Elbert Shelly E.
Published: September 2011

Phenotypic differences in Schwann cells (SCs) may help to guide axonal regeneration down motor or sensory specific pathways following peripheral nerve injury. The goal of this study was to identify phenotypic markers for SCs harvested from the cutaneous (sensory) and quadriceps (motor) branches of the rat femoral nerve and to study the effects of expansion culture on the expression patterns of these motor or sensory phenotypic markers. RNA was extracted from SCs harvested from the motor and sensory branches of the rat femoral nerve and analyzed using Affymetrix Gene Chips (Rat Genome 230 v2.0 Array A). Genes that were upregulated in motor SCs compared with the sensory SCs or vice versa were identified, and the results were verified for a subset of genes using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The expression levels of the “phenotype‐specific” genes were then evaluated in SC expansion cultures at various time points over 30 days by qRT‐PCR to determine the effect of expansion on SC phenotype. Expression levels of the phenotype‐specific genes were significantly altered after expansion culture for both the motor and the sensory markers compared with fresh nerve tissue. These results indicate that both motor and sensory SC gene expression patterns are disrupted during expansion in vitro and may affect the ability of SCs to express phenotype‐specific genes after transplantation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High phosphorylated 4E‐binding protein 1 expression after chemoradiotherapy is a predictor for locoregional recurrence and worse survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Chao Yin‐Kai , Chuang Wen‐Yu , Yeh Chi‐Ju , Chang Yu‐Sun , Wu Yi‐Cheng , Kuo Shao‐Yun , Hsieh Ming‐Ju , Hsueh Chuen
Published: September 2011

Background

As a well‐known pivotal factor of 4E‐binding protein 1 (4E‐BP1) in controlling cancer proliferation, high expression of its phosphorylated form (p‐4E‐BP1) has been reported to be associated with poor outcome in various human cancers without pretreated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT). However, no data is available regarding the implication of p‐4E‐BP1 expression after CRT. Therefore, we conducted this study.

Methods

The expression of p‐4E‐BP1 was semiquantitatively examined with immunohistochemical staining in 60 ypT1T2 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients and verified by western blot analysis in representative cases. The impact of p‐4E‐BP1 expression intensity on cancer recurrence and survival was assessed in combination with clinical and pathological descriptors.

Result

The 5‐year disease specific survival (DSS) rate of patients with high p‐4E‐BP1 expression was significantly lower than that of patients with lower p‐4E‐BP1 expression (5 year DSS: 58% vs. 8.6%, P = 0.00064). Furthermore, in a multivariate analysis by Cox regression model, high p‐4E‐BP1 expression was confirmed to be an independent prognostic factor (HR: 2.269; unfavorable, P = 0.024) for DSS, while lymph node (HR: 3.016; unfavorable, P = 0.005) was also significant prognostic factor. High p‐4E‐BP1 expression was specifically associated with locoregional recurrence (LR; P < 0.05). The locoregional control rate reached 97.1% in low p‐4E‐BP1 tumors.

Conclusion

High p‐4E‐BP1 expression after CRT is a predictor for LR and worse survival in esophageal SCC patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:288–292. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quality makes the difference
Authors: Reinl Steffen , Horn Wolfgang
Published: September 2011

The beam quality‐range that used to be reserved for lamp‐pumped solid‐state lasers is now covered by fiber‐coupled diode lasers. Accordingly, the diode laser is more and more displacing the lamppumped solid‐state lasers in different application fields, among these being laserbased plastics welding. End‐users have gained confidence in this process, thus, product acceptance, particularly in the automotive and automotive suppliers industry is at a high level. Also within medical device manufacturing, this method continuously takes over different applications. Especially in this field, laser plastics welding is advantageous since high weld qualities are required.
The role of process gases in laser welding
Authors: Herrmann Johann
Published: September 2011

Using process gases can be rather difficult for some laser welding applications and give the user or the plant engineer some headaches. The currently very popular remote welding with lasers of high beam quality is such an application. Here, the laser beam is directed using scanner mirrors and can be positioned and moved nearly without inertia. Since these fast movements cannot be followed with process gas nozzles, the temptation is large to simply do away with the process gas. In this article, it is shown why process gases are necessary for welding metals and which risks are incurred, when one omits them.
Understanding fiber amplifiers and lasers
Authors: Paschotta Rüdiger
Published: September 2011

A trial‐and‐error approach in developing fiber amplifiers or lasers is often inefficient, because the operation details are substantially more complicated than for bulk devices. Numerical modeling is shown to generate vital insight and is thus an essential tool for developing such devices much more efficiently and with better performance.
Patient Decision Making About Organ Quality in Liver Transplantation†
Authors: Volk Michael L. , Tocco Rachel S. , Pelletier Shawn J. , Zikmund-Fisher Brian J. , Lok Anna S. F.
Published: September 2011

It is challenging to discuss the use of high-risk organs with patients, in part because of the lack of information about how patients view this topic. This study was designed to determine how patients think about organ quality and to test formats for risk communication. Semistructured interviews of 10 patients on the waiting list revealed limited understanding about the spectrum of organ quality and a reluctance to consider anything but the best organs. A computerized quantitative survey was then conducted with an interactive graph to elicit the risk of graft failure that patients would accept. Fifty-eight percent of the 95 wait-listed patients who completed the survey would accept only organs with a risk of graft failure of 25% or less at 3 years, whereas 18% would accept only organs with the lowest risk possible (19% at 3 years). Risk tolerance was increased when the organ quality was presented relative to average organs rather than the best organs and when feedback was provided about the implications for organ availability. More than three-quarters of the patients reported that they wanted an equal or dominant role in organ acceptance decisions. Men tended to prefer lower risk organs (mean acceptable risk = 29%) in comparison with women (mean acceptable risk = 35%, P = 0.04), but risk tolerance was not associated with other demographic or clinical characteristics (eg, the severity of liver disease). In summary, patients want to be involved in decisions about organ quality. Patients' risk tolerance varies widely, and their acceptance of high-risk organs can be facilitated if we present the risks of graft failure with respect to average organs and provide feedback about the implications for organ availability. Liver Transpl, 2011. © 2011 AASLD.
Direct Fabrication of Porous Isotactic Poly‐1‐Butene With Form I From the Melt Using CO2
Authors: Li Lei , Liu Tao , Zhao Ling
Published: September 2011

The deformation of isotactic poly‐1‐butene (iPB‐1) matrix, during the CO2‐assisted foaming process, makes the iPB‐1 melt crystallize into form I rather than form I′, which crystallizes after annealing under high‐pressure CO2 without foaming. The result provides a new strategy to directly obtain porous iPB‐1 with stable form I from iPB‐1 melt.
Synthesis of Dendrigraft Poly(ϵ‐Caprolactone)s Using Side Hydroxyl Groups for the Grafting of Branch Chains
Authors: Cheng Juan , Ling Xiujun , Zhong Zhenlin , Zhuo Renxi
Published: September 2011

Dendrigraft poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)s with high molecular weight and narrow polydispersity are synthesized via a convenient generation‐growth approach. Copolymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone (CL) and 4‐(2‐benzoxyethoxy)‐ϵ‐caprolactone (BECL) with stannous octanoate as a catalyst affords a functionalized poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) with benzyl‐protected hydroxyl side groups. After removal of benzyl groups by palladium‐catalyzed hydrogenolysis, the graft copolymerization of CL and BECL onto the hydroxyl‐bearing linear polyester (zero‐generation) affords the first‐generation graft polyester. Further deprotection and graft polymerization cycles led to dendrigraft polyesters. Molecular weights are multiplied in each graft copolymerization. The second‐generation dendrigraft poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) has an Mw of 236 000 g·mol−1 and Mw/Mn of 1.53.
Intrinsically Microporous Polyesters From Betulin – Toward Renewable Materials for Gas Separation Made From Birch Bark
Authors: Jeromenok Jekaterina , Böhlmann Winfried , Antonietti Markus , Weber Jens
Published: September 2011

Betulin, an abundant triterpene, can be extracted from birch bark and can be used as a renewable monomer in the synthesis of microporous polyesters. Cross‐linked networks and hyperbranched polymers are accessible by an A2 + B3 reaction, with betulin being the A2 monomer and B3 being a trifunctional acid chloride. Reaction of betulin with a diacid dichloride results in linear, soluble polyesters. The present communication proves that the polyreaction follows the classic schemes of polycondensation reactions. The resulting polymers are analyzed with regard to their micro‐porosity by gas sorption, NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray scattering methods. The polymers feature intrinsic microporosity, having ultrasmall pores, which makes them candidates for gas separation membranes, e.g., for the separation of CO2 from N2.
Tetrahydrocurcumin, a major metabolite of curcumin, induced autophagic cell death through coordinative modulation of PI3K/Akt‐mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways in human leukemia HL‐60 cells
Authors: Wu Jia‐Ching , Lai Ching‐Shu , Badmaev Vladimir , Nagabhushanam Kalyanam , Ho Chi‐Tang , Pan Min‐Hsiung
Published: September 2011

Scope: Autophagy (type II programmed cell death) is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Several autophagy‐deficient or knockout studies indicate that autophagy is a tumor suppressor. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), a major metabolite of curcumin, has been demonstrated with anti‐colon carcinogenesis and antioxidation in vivo.

Methods and results: In the present study, we found that treatment with THC induced autophagic cell death in human HL‐60 promyelocytic leukemia cells by increasing autophage marker acidic vascular organelle (AVO) formation. Flow cytometry also confirmed that THC treatment did not increase sub‐G1 cell population whereas curcumin did with strong apoptosis‐inducing activity. At the molecular levels, the results from Western blot analysis showed that THC significantly down‐regulated phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B and mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalings including decreasing the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin, glycogen synthase kinase 3β and p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase. Further molecular analysis exhibited that the pretreatment of 3‐methyladenine (an autophagy inhibitor) also significantly reduced acidic vascular organelle production in THC‐treated cells.

Conclusion: Taken together, these results demonstrated the anticancer efficacy of THC by inducing autophagy as well as provided a potential application for the prevention of human leukemia.
Deception tactics for network interdiction: A multiobjective approach
Authors: Salmerón Javier
Published: September 2011

This article develops defender‐attacker network interdiction models with deception. Here, deception refers to a preemptive and intelligent use of concealed interdiction assets and decoys by the defender, in addition to transparent assets commonly employed in modeling defender‐attacker problems. These models can help security planners to locate a limited number of checkpoints and sensors of various types to, for example, detect the smuggling of illegal products. The problem is complex, in part, because the objective functions of the defender and the attacker are different, and because the latter (which represents the attacker's behavior) is difficult to predict by the defender. First, we use duality theory and a generalized network flow model to devise an equivalent mixed‐integer programming formulation, and develop its Benders decomposition. We extend this formulation with a multiobjective approach to account for several behaviors simultaneously. The computational effort to solve these models is considerable, as exemplified by our testing on a variety of cases for a medium‐sized, notional network. Published 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2012
Consequences of the discontinuation of the International Protein Index (IPI) database and its substitution by the UniProtKB “complete proteome” sets
Authors: Griss Johannes , Martín María , O'Donovan Claire , Apweiler Rolf , Hermjakob Henning , Vizcaíno Juan Antonio
Published: September 2011

The International Protein Index (IPI) database has been one of the most widely used protein databases in MS proteomics approaches. Recently, the closure of IPI in September 2011 was announced. Its recommended replacement is the new UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB) “complete proteome” sets, launched in May 2011. Here, we analyze the consequences of IPI's discontinuation for human and mouse data, and the effect of its substitution with UniProtKB on two levels: (i) data already produced and (ii) newly performed experiments. To estimate the effect on existing data, we investigated how well IPI identifiers map to UniProtKB accessions. We found that 21% of human and 10% of mouse identifiers do not map to UniProtKB and would thus be “lost.” To investigate the impact on new experiments, we compared the theoretical search space (i.e. the tryptic peptides) of both resources and found that it is decreased by 14.0% for human and 8.9% for mouse data through IPI's closure. An analysis on the experimental evidence for these “lost” peptides showed that the vast majority has not been identified in experiments available in the major proteomics repositories. It thus seems likely that the search space provided by UniProtKB is of higher quality than the one currently provided by IPI.
Titanium complexes based on aminodiol ligands for the ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone, rac‐β‐butyrolactone, and trimethylene carbonate
Authors: Dakshinamoorthy Deivasagayam , Peruch Frédéric
Published: September 2011

Several titanium complexes based on aminodiol ligands were tested as initiators for the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ε‐caprolactone under solution and bulk conditions. All complexes were found to be efficient under both conditions. For bulk polymerization at 70 °C, high activities were observed (113.3–156.2 gpoly mmolcat−1 h−1) together with controlled molar mass distribution. Kinetic studies revealed controlled polymerization, and the chain propagation was first order with respect to monomer conversion. One complex was also tested for the ROP of rac‐β‐butyrolactone and the end‐group analysis suggested that ring opening occurs through acyl‐oxygen bond cleavage via coordination–insertion mechanism. The microstructure analysis of polymer by 13C NMR indicates atactic polymer. Another complex was also found to be efficient initiator for the ROP of trimethylene carbonate under solution and bulk conditions. Again, end‐group analysis suggests coordination–insertion mechanism. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
The configurational energy gap between amorphous and crystalline silicon
Authors: Kail F. , Farjas J. , Roura P. , Secouard C. , Nos O. , Bertomeu J. , Cabarrocas P. Roca i
Published: September 2011

The crystallization enthalpy of pure amorphous silicon (a‐Si) and hydrogenated a‐Si was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for a large set of materials deposited from the vapour phase by different techniques. Although the values cover a wide range (200–480 J/g), the minimum value is common to all the deposition techniques used and close to the predicted minimum strain energy of relaxed a‐Si (240 ± 25 J/g). This result gives a reliable value for the configurational energy gap between a‐Si and crystalline silicon. An excess of enthalpy above this minimum value can be ascribed to coordination defects. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Strong magnetoelectric coupling in highly oriented ZnO films deposited on Metglas substrates
Authors: Viswan Ravindranath , Gray David , Wang Yaojin , Li Yanxi , Berry David , Li Jiefang , Viehland D.
Published: September 2011

We have studied the magnetoelectric coupling in ZnO films deposited on Metglas substrates. Highly c‐axis oriented ZnO films were successfully deposited using pulsed laser deposition at a low temperature of 300 °C. High quality films with low surface roughness of 2.82 nm and thicknesses of about 2 μm were obtained. A large converse magnetoelectric coef‐ ficient of 3 × 10–6 s/m and a direct magnetoelectric coefficient of 47 mV/cm Oe at a low dc bias field of 17 Oe and frequency of 1 kHz were obtained by dynamic converse and direct magnetoelectric measurements, respectively. Our results demonstrate a significant magnetoelectric coupling in these layers. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Learning to critique and adapt science curriculum materials: Examining the development of preservice elementary teachers' pedagogical content knowledge
Authors: Beyer Carrie J. , Davis Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2011

Teachers often engage in curricular planning by critiquing and adapting existing curriculum materials to contextualize lessons and compensate for their deficiencies. Designing instruction for students is shaped by teachers' ability to apply a variety of personal resources, including their pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). This study investigated a criterion‐based approach to lesson plan analysis as one way to help preservice elementary teachers develop and use their PCK to plan instruction for students. Results show that the preservice teachers demonstrated a range of strengths and weaknesses in applying their knowledge of science assessment, science curriculum materials, and instructional strategies for teaching science. This range was influenced, in part, by the presence of alternative ideas about science teaching, the extent to which the original curriculum materials aligned with reform‐based standards and practices, and the presence of prompts to use criteria in their analyses. Despite these factors, preservice teachers' PCK improved significantly over time when they had multiple opportunities to practice applying the same criterion in their analyses. Insights into science teacher knowledge and implications for science teacher education are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Sci Ed96:130–157, 2012
Group influence activities and the performance of strategic initiatives
Authors: Lechner Christoph , Floyd Steven W.
Published: September 2011

This study examines relationships between group influence activities and the performance of strategic initiatives. Theory suggests that the strength of these relationships is contingent upon the degree of exploration inherent in an initiative's goals. An analysis of 96 initiatives in three large firms supports the moderating role of exploration for the use of formal authority and coalition building, demonstrating that these group influence activities are more important to performance in more exploratory initiatives. Although the direct relationship between rational justification and initiative performance is significant, there is no evidence of the moderating effect for this form of influence. The results show how groups associated with strategic initiatives use different forms of influence to reduce the investment and political uncertainties that limit initiative performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diameter thresholds for distinguishing between red wolf and other canid scat
Authors: Dellinger Justin A. , Mcvey Justin M. , Cobb David T. , Moorman Christopher E.
Published: September 2011

Differentiation between scats of sympatric canid species is important for determining species‐specific presence and movements, but distinction in the field is difficult. We calculated upper and lower thresholds of scat diameters to distinguish between scats of red wolves (Canis rufus) and scats of coyotes (C. latrans) and coyote–wolf hybrids in the field, in North Carolina, USA, from February 2009 to March 2010. We used DNA genotyping to identify scats collected in the field and took diameter measurements of those scats. Based on normal‐distribution probability functions of scat diameters, scats ≥29 mm in diameter were ≥95% certain to be of red wolf origin. Conversely, scats ≤14 mm in diameter were 95% certain to be of coyote or hybrid origin. Scats >14 mm and <29 mm in diameter could not be identified by diameter alone. We suggest these upper and lower thresholds of scat diameters be used in concert with other methods (e.g., DNA genotyping) to monitor for red wolf, coyote, and hybrid activity to help conserve a lone, free‐ranging population of wild red wolves. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Envisioning the future of wildlife in a changing climate: Collaborative learning for adaptation planning
Authors: Ledee Olivia E. , Karasov William H. , Martin Karl J. , Meyer Michael W. , Ribic Christine A. , Van Deelen Timothy R.
Published: September 2011

Natural resource managers are tasked with assessing the impacts of climate change on conservation targets and developing adaptation strategies to meet agency goals. The complex, transboundary nature of climate change demands the collaboration of scientists, managers, and stakeholders in this effort. To share, integrate, and apply knowledge from these diverse perspectives, we must engage in social learning. In 2009, we initiated a process to engage university researchers and agency scientists and managers in collaborative learning to assess the impacts of climate change on terrestrial fauna in the state of Wisconsin, USA. We constructed conceptual Bayesian networks to depict the influence of climate change, key biotic and abiotic factors, and existing stressors on the distribution and abundance of 3 species: greater prairie‐chicken (Tympanuchus cupido), wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus), and Karner blue butterfly (Plebejus melissa samuelis). For each species, we completed a 2‐stage expert review that elicited dialogue on information gaps, management opportunities, and research priorities. From our experience, collaborative network modeling proved to be a powerful tool to develop a common vision of the potential impacts of climate change on conservation targets. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
HfSb2–xTex: The Second New Compound on the Quasi‐Binary Section HfSb2‐HfTe2 with Different Sb–Sb Interactions
Authors: Kleinke Katja M. , Assoud Abdeljalil , Kleinke Holger
Published: September 2011

Thus far, three different ribbons and layers of antimony atoms with various Sb–Sb bonds were found in Hf5Sb9, HfSb2 and HfSbTe. We uncovered a new variant when trying to dope Hf5Sb9 with tellurium atoms, namely HfSb2–xTex, with 0.4 ≤ x ≤ 0.7. HfSb2–xTex adopts the monoclinic OsGe2 type, space group C2/m, a = 10.5216(8) Å, b = 3.7142(3) Å, c = 8.5924(7) Å, β = 11.571(1), V = 292.05(4) Å3 (Z = 4) when x = 0.5. This structure is composed of a layer of puckered six‐membered rings of antimony atoms, with Sb–Sb distances of 2.82 and 3.12 Å. The different antimony atom substructures are compared in this article. Independent of the exact Sb/Te ratio, monoclinic HfSb2–xTex is predicted to be metallic, as are Hf5Sb9, HfSb2 and orthorhombic HfSbTe.
Factors Affecting the Outcome of Artificial Insemination Using Cryopreserved Spermatozoa in the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
Authors: Huang Yan , Li Desheng , Zhou Yingmin , Zhou Qiang , Li Rengui , Wang Chengdong , Huang Zhi , Hull Vanessa , Zhang Hemin
Published: September 2011

Artificial insemination (AI) is an important component of captive breeding programs for endangered species, such as the giant panda. The panda has been the subject of increasingly successful captive breeding programs involving a compilation of assisted breeding techniques, including AI using cryopreserved spermatozoa. AI implementation is currently hampered by a lack of understanding of the factors that may cause failure. We investigated factors influencing the probability of success of AI for 14 giant panda females housed at the China Center for Research and Conservation of the Giant Panda (CCRCGP) inseminated in a total of 20 instances using cryopreserved spermatozoa from 11 males currently residing in 6 different captive breeding institutions. One of the pandas was the oldest giant panda female to ever successfully conceive from AI (20.5 years old). The success of AI was significantly affected by the timing of AI in relationship to both timing of peak urinary estrogen of the female and percent decline in urinary estrogen between the peak level and the first AI attempt. Our results suggest that the window for successful AI in giant pandas may be narrower than previously suspected, although individual differences in rates of decline in urinary estrogen may reflect some degree of variation in this crucial window across females. Our results are consistent with recent research on pandas and other species that demonstrates the efficacy of cryopreserved spermatozoa for AI and highlights the need for more in‐depth analysis of factors related to female physiology that may influence its success. Zoo Biol 31:561‐573, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental study of three-scalar mixing in a turbulent coaxial jet
Authors: Cai J. , Dinger M. J. , Li W. , Carter C. D. , Ryan M. D. , Tong C.
Published: September 2011

In the present study we investigate three-scalar mixing in a turbulent coaxial jet. In this flow a centre jet and an annular flow, consisting of acetone-doped air and ethylene respectively, are mixed with the co-flow air. A unique aspect of this study compared to previous studies of three-scalar mixing is that two of the scalars (the centre jet and air) are separated by the third (annular flow); therefore, this flow better approximates the mixing process in a non-premixed turbulent reactive flow. Planar laser-induced fluorescence and Rayleigh scattering are employed to measure the mass fractions of the acetone-doped air and ethylene. The results show that the most unique aspects of the three-scalar mixing occur in the near field of the flow. The mixing process in this part of the flow are analysed in detail using the scalar means, variances, correlation coefficient, joint probability density function (JPDF), conditional diffusion, conditional dissipation rates and conditional cross-dissipation rate. The diffusion velocity streamlines in scalar space representing the conditional diffusion generally converge quickly to a manifold along which they continue at a lower rate. A widely used mixing model, interaction through exchange with mean, does not exhibit such a trend. The approach to the manifold is generally in the direction of the ethylene mass fraction. The difference in the magnitudes of the diffusion velocity components for the two scalars cannot be accounted for by the difference in their dissipation time scales. The mixing processes during the approach to the manifold, therefore, cannot be modelled by using different dissipation time scales alone. While the three scalars in this flow have similar distances in scalar space, mixing between two of the scalars can occur only through the third, forcing a detour of the manifold (mixing path) in scalar space. This mixing path presents a challenging test for mixing models since most mixing models use only scalar-space variables and do not take into account the spatial (physical-space) scalar structure. The scalar JPDF and the conditional dissipation rates obtained in the present study have similarities to those of mixture fraction and temperature in turbulent flames. The results in the present study provide a basis for understanding and modelling multiscalar mixing in reactive flows.
Henry Ryder and the Bath CMS: Evangelical and High Church Controversy in the Later Hanoverian Church
Authors: SMITH MARK
Published: September 2011

The early nineteenth century saw a turn in Anglican Evangelicalism towards respectability and regularity. The same period paradoxically saw renewed controversy with some High Churchmen while others were more inclined to cooperate with the Evangelical movement. A case study of the early episcopal career of Henry Ryder illuminates this phenomenon, showing that while there were important divisions in doctrine between Evangelicals and High Churchmen, Evangelical innovations in practice proved more radical and controversial and provoked a divided response among their High Church brethren.
The Manuscript Sermons of Archbishop John Williams
Authors: HAMPTON STEPHEN
Published: September 2011

Most of Archbishop Williams's manuscript remains were destroyed in a fire in 1695. However, the Pepys Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, contains a volume of manuscript sermons and sermon notes that have not been significantly studied. On closer examination, the sermons can all be dated to the 1640s, and several were delivered on significant occasions. They show that Williams was a far more committed preacher than has generally been acknowledged, and demonstrate his explicit and consistent adherence to Reformed theology. They therefore help in explaining his close links with godly communities and so his significance during the Long Parliament.
From eco-catastrophe to zero deforestation? Interdisciplinarities, politics, environmentalisms and reduced clearing in Amazonia
Authors: HECHT SUSANNA B.
Published: September 2011

Brazil's rate of deforestation has declined by more than 70% since 2004, a dynamic unimaginable even a decade ago. Even the worst drought in more than 100 years (2010) produced a flat clearing profile from 2009–2010, an unexpected result, since dry periods usually have clearing spikes. While deforestation continues throughout the tropics (and Amazonia), and the recent change in Brazil's Forest Code has produced a modest increase in deforestation, there are significant processes that are slowing clearing and fostering woodland recovery. This paper outlines the multiplicities and interdisciplinarities of political ecologies, policies, politics scientific approaches and technologies that have moderated forest conversion and shaped Amazonia's unusual, and unusually effective development and conservation conjunctures in Brazil's post-authoritarian period. New institutional framings, ideologies, political decentralization, globalizations and an expanded arena for new social movements and civil society provided the context for this transformation. Changing environmental institutions, discourses and the relatively redistributive social pact that underpinned President Ignacio (Lula) da Silva's administration had a significant role in promoting more resilient land uses, monitoring, compliance and new markets, while regional social movements and national and international commodity boycotts affected more damaging ones. Finally, other forms of payment for environmental services, such as REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation) and REDD+ are changing the value of standing forests. This paper describes how complex interdisciplinarities shaped the politics, policies and practices that slowed forest clearing. However, Amazonia's politics are extremely dynamic: destabilizing processes, violence and indifferent national leadership could still reverse this remarkable turnaround.
Lenses, fibrations and universal translations
Authors: JOHNSON MICHAEL , ROSEBRUGH ROBERT , WOOD R. J.
Published: September 2011

This paper extends the ‘lens’ concept for view updating in Computer Science beyond the categories of sets and ordered sets. It is first shown that a constant complement view updating strategy also corresponds to a lens for a categorical database model. A variation on the lens concept called a c-lens is introduced, and shown to correspond to the categorical notion of Grothendieck opfibration. This variant guarantees a universal solution to the view update problem for functorial update processes.
Comprehensive Examination of Frontal Regions in Boys and Girls with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Mahone E. Mark , Ranta Marin E. , Crocetti Deana , O'Brien Jessica , Kaufmann Walter E. , Denckla Martha B. , Mostofsky Stewart H.
Published: September 2011

The current study examined regional frontal lobe volumes based on functionally relevant subdivisions in contemporaneously recruited samples of boys and girls with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Forty-four boys (21 ADHD, 23 control) and 42 girls (21 ADHD, 21 control), ages 8–13 years, participated. Sulcal–gyral landmarks were used to manually delimit functionally relevant regions within the frontal lobe: primary motor cortex, anterior cingulate, deep white matter, premotor regions [supplementary motor complex (SMC), frontal eye field, lateral premotor cortex (LPM)], and prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions [medial PFC, dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), inferior PFC, lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and medial OFC]. Compared to sex-matched controls, boys and girls with ADHD showed reduced volumes (gray and white matter) in the left SMC. Conversely, girls (but not boys) with ADHD showed reduced gray matter volume in left LPM; while boys (but not girls) with ADHD showed reduced white matter volume in left medial PFC. Reduced left SMC gray matter volumes predicted increased go/no–go commission rate in children with ADHD. Reduced left LPM gray matter volumes predicted increased go/no–go variability, but only among girls with ADHD. Results highlight different patterns of anomalous frontal lobe development among boys and girls with ADHD beyond that detected by measuring whole lobar volumes. (JINS, 2011, 17, 1047–1057)
Memory Complaints with and without Memory Impairment: The Impact of Leukoaraiosis on Cognition
Authors: Lamar Melissa , Dannhauser Thomas M. , Walker Zuzana , Rodda Joanne E. , Cutinha Darren J. , Shergill Sukhwinder S.
Published: September 2011

White matter alterations, leukoaraiosis (LA) on structural MRI, are associated with cognitive deficits and increased risk of dementia. LA may also impact on subjective memory complaints in otherwise healthy older adults. Little is known about the interplay between LA memory complaints and cognition. We investigated cognitive phenotypes associated with LA in 42 non-demented older adults categorized as having subjective cognitive complaints with no objective cognitive impairment—the subjective cognitive impairment group (SCI;n= 12), amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI;n= 20), or healthy controls (HC;n= 11). We measured LA severity on MRI with a 40-point visual rating scale. Controlling for age and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, analyses revealed multiple between-group differences. Follow-up linear regression models investigating the underlying contributors to each clinic group's cognitive profile indicated that LA contributed to learning slope variance (after accounting for age and MMSE) but only for the SCI group. Although the SCI group showed a significantly steeper learning slope when compared to HC and aMCI, increasing LA severity negatively impacted this group's rate of learning. This, in conjunction with the significant contribution of age on SCI learning slope performance variance suggests that greater LA burden at a younger age may contribute to subtle changes in learning for individuals with subjective cognitive complaints. (JINS, 2011,17, 1104–1112)
Free will and the obesity epidemic
Authors: Levitsky David A , Pacanowski Carly R
Published: September 2011

The increase in body weight in the USA over the past several decades is now commonly referred to as the ‘obesity epidemic’. An empirical analysis of the literature suggests that the increased weight can be accounted for by an increase in food intake. The solution to the obesity epidemic, therefore, must centre on a reduction in food consumption, a position well accepted by the American population who think that they, as individuals, are responsible for their adiposity by holding the belief that the decision as to what and how much to eat is determined by their own free will. The evidence demonstrates, however, that this is not true. Variables such as portion size, variety of foods offered, fat content of the diet, the number of people eating, the location where eating occurs and even watching food advertisements act as ‘food primes’ causing individuals to increase their energy intake. Despite the plethora of diets, weight-loss clubs, drugs and mechanical devices available to facilitate weight loss, once treatment is terminated and people return to the ‘free’ environment, their weight returns to pre-treatment levels. Only when individuals are protected from environmental variables by gastric surgery or limited to consume only portion-controlled meals can they successfully maintain a reduced weight. Combining the technique of daily weight monitoring with accepting that our eating behaviour is not determined totally by our free choice, we may be able to curb the obesity epidemic.
PARADOXES OF INTENSIONALITY
Authors: TUCKER DUSTIN , THOMASON RICHMOND H.
Published: September 2011

We identify a class of paradoxes that is neither set-theoretical nor semantical, but that seems to depend on intensionality. In particular, these paradoxes arise out of plausible properties of propositional attitudes and their objects. We try to explain why logicians have neglected these paradoxes, and to show that, like the Russell Paradox and the direct discourse Liar Paradox, these intensional paradoxes are recalcitrant and challenge logical analysis. Indeed, when we take these paradoxes seriously, we may need to rethink the commonly accepted methods for dealing with the logical paradoxes.