bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Negative Stigma Against the Bajo Tribe and its Impact on Local Culture: Study of the Bajo Tribe in Bungin Village of South Konawe
Authors: Basri La Ode Ali , Mudana I Wayan , Rahman Abdul
Published: August 2017

This study aims to examine and analyze the negative stigma of Bajo tribe and its impact on the existence of the local culture of Bajo tribe. Data collection techniques are conducted through in-depth interviews, document studies and focused discussions. Data analysis is done through data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results show that the Bajo tribe is still regarded as an underdeveloped tribe, always viewed as a wild, unruly, rough, stubborn and introvert. Bajo tribe is also viewed as part of society that is still paternalisitic and pragmatic, alienated, isolated, and left behind, has a low civilization that must be initiated with various empowerment programs. Bajo tribe is often also imaged as a prototype of willful society, because they reject development, even in the past Bajo tribe in Bungin was once accused of being the next generation of Darul Islam / Tentara Islam Indonesia (DI / TII). The bias of negative imagery results the change in mentality and cultural values of the local Bajo tribe into marginal positions. The mentality of Bajo society is now transformed into a consumptive society and false capitalism. Currently, there are many local wisdom of Bajo tribe who experienced weakening, even the oral tradition began to experience extinction. While the older generation who understand the culture of Bajo also diminish due to the age factor, and many younger generations of Bajo who no longer know and understand the local culture of Bajo, due to the weakness of inheritance system and cultural transformation of the older generation to the younger generation.
Impact of Corporate Governance on the Effectiveness of Accounting Information System in Jordanian Industrial Companies
Authors: Kasasbeh Feras Izzat Oqlah
Published: August 2017

In this study, the impact of corporate governance factors on the effectiveness of accounting information system has been investigated considering Jordanian Industrial Companies. Authors considered the influence of corporate governance factors such as organisational vision, and goal translation, data-driven decision making, expertise and experience of governing committee, KPI based performance evaluation and effective collaboration between leaders and departments on the effectiveness of accounting information system. The effectiveness of accounting information system has been measured by the ease of use, security, storage, it's usability for delivery and decision making. The secondary data was collected using a questionnaire from 30 accounting firms in Jordan. Specialised software called Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) has been used to analyse the data gathered and draw conclusions. Authors found that AIS is an effective tool for decision making and performance evaluation when management adopts the data-driven approach. However, for an effective AIS, it must be governed by subject matter experts who have expertise and experience is financial and accounting methodologies. Authors emphasised on the role of the leadership team in creating a clear vision and ASMART goals so that the AIS system can be aligned and help the departments to deliver on targets. It was observed that effective communication, collaboration among the leaders and departments significantly influence the effectiveness of AIS structure and it's ability to deliver results.
Relaying the Foundations of Depression Economics for the Technology Age: Reintroduction of the Austrian School of Thought
Authors: Pallegar Abhith
Published: August 2017

Structural changes in the modern economy have diminished the impact of traditional monetary and fiscal policies. For the past 90 years, the field of depression economics has been dominated by the Keynesian school of thought, which advocated the judicious use of monetary and fiscal policies by governments to artificially create aggregate demand to bring the economy roaring back from a recession. Today, economies are more diversified entities and large sections of these economies cannot be stimulated by monetary and fiscal policies. This paper discusses future of fiscal and monetary policy in an age of rapid technological change. The current scenario calls for the reintroduction of the Austrian School to the mainstream thought process for effectively managing future business cycles.
Study Power of Supreme Leader in Iran Judicial System
Authors: Habibi Abdollah , Al Taha Seyed Hossein , Sayah Rahim
Published: August 2017

After the Islamic Revolution, the issue of the powers of the supreme leader was only considered in terms of scientific attention. However, the importance of this issue was more obvious, when was brought from the scientific scope to the practice scope. Should adopt religious support of these principles in the Constitution of the Islamic sources, especially traditions, with the Islamic Revolution and the rule of the supreme leader at the helm of the Islamic Republic of Iran and his authority in the Constitution. In addition, investigate the opinions of jurists, especially those who opposed or believed to limitations in supreme leader’s authority to come closer to what is right. In this study, two titles of supreme leader authority and judgment included, that both have high importance In Shi'a jurisprudence.Certainly, there are differences in the powers of the Plenipotentiary, and this case flows in the exercising sovereignty towards the general judicial policies. Since the judges permitted by Plenipotentiary, and in most cases are not religious jurisprudence, so the position and value of judgments rendered by them are evaluated, and even religious jurisprudential judges and above all Head of the Judiciary, all in the application of laws are obliged to comply with the Plenipotentiary. The main goals of this thesis are studying the power of plenipotentiary within the scope of form rules and establishing special courts and the substantive rules as retribution, amnesty and repent, that all show the extent of the powers of the Plenipotentiary in the judicial system. Judgments rendered can be very efficient, especially in cases of conflict between judgments rendered and his ratings and comments in the benefit observance of society and Islam.
Political Marketing in the Lack of Political Market
Authors: Manshadi Morteza
Published: August 2017

Political marketing is an inter-disciplinary study. Goods which are produced in politics is a power. In marketing, power is presented in various classifications (promises) via politician signs (brand/mark) to political market. In a political market, the advertisement is considered as the basic element due to powerful controls dominating on public media is subjected to suspicion. As power realizing needs attention to internal funds of human experience, and individuals communicate through interchanging signs in harmful relationships, it is necessary to pay attention toward creation process and applying signs and meaning in every social relationship. The author believes that political marketing could result in a better choice merely in an abstract competitive market, while when there is no competitive market, marketing techniques makes a cheat on people. Therefore, how it is possible to prevent from tempting in a non-competitive market? The author believes that rival producers can prevent from marketing monopolized through focusing on the lifestyle of voters. This hypothesis will be tested in the realized sociology framework.
Renewable Energy Sources in Iran: Policy and Regulation
Authors: Safari Mohsen , Safari Fariborz
Published: August 2017

According to the Fifth Five Year Development Plan, in Iran, renewable resources, under the green horizon scenarios, must provide 5,000 MW of electricity. Among different types of renewable source of energy, there is no shortage of information in Iran, which is located near to zero line (earth’s equator), with about 300 clear sunny days in a year, about setting policies promoting solar energy. Taking into account the availability and benefits of solar energy for Iran, this paper has focused on solar energy.Recent statistics show that, if the current development plans proceed, the capacity of the installed renewable energy systems would reach 2.8GW by 2030. This requires more than 2800 million US dollar investment in 20 years, i.e., 2010 to 2030. Despite the advantages of using solar energy, such as reducing greenhouse gases, it is important to note that solar power is 2.5 to 5 times as expensive as electricity from existing conventional power sources, such as coal and other sources. In order to encourage people to use solar power, there is a need to change our laws and establish an integrated energy regulation, involving tax policy mechanisms to support the deployment of solar energy in Iran. As Iran is dependent upon its fossil fuels, the transition from fossil fuels to renewable, which is a worldwide goal to reduce GHG or CO2 emissions, requires the adoption of a comprehensive policy and integrated regulation nationwide, taking a multidisciplinary approach. This paper exemplifies and considers the 2005 Energy Policy Act and Investment Tax Credit (ICT) for residential energy property, illustrating how solar-energy-regulation could contribute to the sustained development of solar energy. The main purpose is to help the development of sustainable solar energy regulation in Iran.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Politics and Law, Vol. 10, No. 4
Authors: Sheng Vivian
Published: August 2017

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Politics and Law, Vol. 10, No. 4, 2017.
The End of the ANC Era: An Analysis of Corruption and Inequality in South Africa
Authors: Lannegren Olivia , Ito Hiroshi
Published: August 2017

ANC would always rule in South Africa, the African National Congress (ANC), which has been governing the country since the end of apartheid in 1994, received the worst results ever recorded. The ANC with president Jacob Zuma received 54 percent of the votes, which is a considerable decrease from 62 percent in 2011. This election was a clear sign that the ANC is in trouble towards the 2019 elections. The party seriously needs to rethink its strategies and investigates why the votes are decreasing. Given South Africa being a key player in global governance and in particular a strong leader among the African countries, it is significant to understand this political turmoil, as it may influence the political directions of other countries in that area. With reviews of relevant literature, therefore, this paper analyzes the current political situation in South Africa, focusing on corruption and inequality. The paper suggests connections between corruption, Jacob Zuma, and the potential end of the ANC era. The issues of inequality describes more the difficult situation that South Africans are facing and can be connected to the desire for change. It would be interesting to further analyze whether South Africa would be ready for a multiparty democracy with a peaceful transition of power after the national elections in 2019.
Endodontic Management of a Three Rooted Mandibular Third Molar with a Dilacerated Distal Root and Close Approximation to the Inferior Alveolar Canal: A Case Report
Authors: Sharawy Wael Waheed , Ahmed Hany Mohamed Aly
Published: August 2017

Aim: A thorough understanding of root and canal anatomical variations is essential for achieving successful endodontic treatment. Literature continues to demonstrate complex root and canal anatomical variations in mandibular third molars which are sometimes in close approximation to the inferior alveolar canal.

Methodology: A 26-year-old male patient was referred for endodontic treatment of a three-rooted mandibular third molar with a dilacerated distal root and close approximation to the inferior alveolar canal. A cone beam computed tomography was performed to assess the root and canal anatomical variations together with the inferior alveolar canal. Conventional endodontic treatment was performed using a rotary nickel-titanium file system, and the canals were then obturated using a cold lateral condensation technique.

Results: The endodontic treatment procedures were performed successfully and in the follow-up visit, the tooth was asymptomatic.

Conclusions: Despite limited accessibility and challenges during root canal treatment procedures, retaining every functional component of the dental arch, including mandibular third molars, is an essential goal of contemporary dental practice. 

How to cite this article: Sharawy WW, Ahmed HMA. Endodontic management of a three rooted mandibular third molar with a dilacerated distal root and close approximation to the inferior alveolar canal: A case report. Int Dent Res 2017;7:42-45.
Selection of an Optimal Network-Ranking Model to Achieve the Optimal Production Line Value Chain: a Case Study in the Textile Industry
Authors: Aboumasoudi Abbas
Published: September 2017

Fulfilling needs and organisational resources with the least cost and highest quality is the main reason to achieve the optimal value chain. Application of most of the current techniques has merely been intended to choose the best scenario. However, industrial units need to build an ideal scenario as a value chain which focuses on intangible interstitial and hidden factors: good (good nature), bad (bad nature), fixed (obligatory nature) and free (not identifying their nature) and creates value. Therefore the model presented in this article answers this issue. First of all, we present a model based on the network approach of data envelopment analysis, then assess and rank the stages based on the scenarios for the stages forming the value chain, and finally the ideal decision unit is presented. For this reason, the general efficiency is designed with two natures; 1. input-centered (concentration on the costs) and 2. output-centered (concentration on the incomes).
Parameter Description of the Surface Metal Fiber Arrangement of Electromagnetic Shielding Fabric
Authors: Liu Zhe , Su Ying , Pan Zhen , Li Yaping , Wang Xiuchen , Zhou Zhong
Published: September 2017

The influence of the surface metal fiber (SMF) arrangement on the shielding effectiveness (SE) of electromagnetic shielding fabric (EMSF) is important, but there is no reasonable description method for it at present, making the further exploration of the relationship between SMF and SE difficult. In order to scientifically describe the SMF arrangement of EMSF, this paper constructs a binary feature matrix of SMF based on a previous study of SMF region recognition. According to the feature matrix, three parameters of the exposure ratio, the discrete mean and disorder degree are proposed and the calculation equations for the three parameters given. Experiments were designed and testing samples determined to test the SE, and the exposure ratio, discrete mean and disorder degree of each sample are calculated. The relationship between the three parameters and the SE is analysed for effectiveness validation of the three parameters. Results show that the exposure ratio, discrete mean and disorder degree can describe three aspects of the SMF arrangement: the percentage content, porosity and orientation, which are positively correlated, negatively correlated and positively correlated to the SE, respectively. The research in this paper provides a basis for the study of the shielding mechanism, the transmission model, the shielding rule and the rapid non-destructive evaluation of the EMSF, and puts forward a new idea for the study of shielding theory and the application of the EMSF.
COMPOSIÇÃO E ESTRUTURA FLORÍSTICA EM BOSQUES DE MANGUEZAIS PARAENSES, BRASIL
Authors: Carvalho Elena Almeida de , Jardim Mário Augusto Gonçalves
Published: August 2017

Este estudo objetivou caracterizar a composição florística e a estrutura em bosques de manguezais nos municípios de Soure, Maracanã e Salinopólis no estado do Pará. Em cada município foram delimitadas três parcelas de 10 x 50 m totalizando 0,15 ha, registrando-se as espécies e medindo-se o DAP e altura. Foram calculadas a densidade, frequência e do­minância relativas, índice de valor de cobertura e de importân­cia. As espécies típicas encontradas foram Rhizophora mangle L., Rhizophora racemosa G.F.W. Meyer, Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn. e Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. Rhizophora racemosa foi encontrada somente em Soure e, Laguncularia racemosa apenas em Salinópolis. O bosque de Soure apresentou maior valor médio em diâmetro e altura. Nos três municípios Avicennia germinans obteve maior diâmetro e altura. A maior área basal para indivíduos vivos ocorreu em Soure e Salinas, e para indivíduos mortos, em Maracanã, ambos para a classe > 10,0 cm de DAP. Em Soure não foram registrados indivíduos mortos. Os bosques apresentaram alto grau de desenvolvimento estrutural e ajustado ao padrão encontrado na costa norte brasileira. Informações conjuntas acerca da composição florística, abundância, densidade e parâmetros que demonstrem o grau de estrutura dos mesmos, além do registro e análise de indivíduos mortos, são bons indicadores do estado de conservação desse ecossistema. Conclui-se que os manguezais estão em bom estado de conservação. Entretanto, ações preventivas de manejo e conservação são fundamentais para garantir a manutenção de seus recursos.
SEASONAL PATTERNS OF PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE ACTIVITY AND TOTAL PHENOL AND TANNIN CONTENTS IN Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville
Authors: Castro Ana Hortência Fonsêca , Alvarenga Amauri Alves de , Barbo João Paulo Rodrigues Alves Delfino , Mansur Thaís de Oliveira Fontes , Paula Ana Cardoso Clemente Filha Ferreira de
Published: August 2017

We performed analyses of the leaves and stem bark of Stryphnodendron adstringens, a Brazilian Cerrado plant, to examine the seasonal patterns of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and total phenol and tannin contents in 16 adult individuals under field conditions. The measurements of gas exchange parameters, including net photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance, as well as the photosynthetic photon flux density, leaf temperature, vapor pressure deficit and leaf water potential were also performed. The results were subjected to a principal component analysis. The values obtained for stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, transpiration, water use efficiency, minimum water potential and photosynthetic photon flux density were higher in the rainy season, while the maximum water potential and vapor pressure deficit in the atmosphere were similar between seasons. The seasonal variations in gas exchange characteristics were influenced by changing weather conditions and were positively correlated with higher air temperatures, rainfall amounts and relative air humidity and negatively correlated with increased insolation. There was no correlation between the maximum leaf water potential and any of the weather variables. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity was similar in the dry and rainy seasons, and higher levels of total phenols and tannins were observed in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and total phenol contents were negatively influenced by temperature and rainfall in the dry season, and the total tannin contents were mainly correlated with higher temperatures and a lower influence of rainfall in the rainy season.
21st Century Pharmacovigilance: Intuition, Science, and the Role of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Pitts Peter J.
Published: August 2017

In an environment of real world evidence, patient reported outcomes, expanding expedited and conditional review pathways for the treatment not only for cancers, but for a broad spectrum of serious and life-threatening diseases, we must care more than ever about pharmacovigilance via more regular and creative risk management plans to be sure, but also through a more diligent effort to understand just what “safety and surveillance” is about in the 21st century. At least part of the solution lies with something called “Artificial Intelligence.”
A cross-continental study on children's drawings of football players: Implications for understanding key issues and controversies in human figure drawings
Authors: Baluch Bahman , Duffy Linda J. , Badami Rokhsareh , Pereira Elisangela C. Ap
Published: August 2017

Professionals examine various aspects of girls’ and boys’ drawings as a way of understanding their intelligence, personality and emotional state. However, the extent to which such measures could be universally generalised or attributed to a specific cultural norm is still a debatable issue. In the present study five key features of children’s drawings namely: the size (height) of the drawings, profile or full face, figure in action or static, shaded or non-shaded and the nature of additional details were examined from a cross-cultural perspective, and by providing a topic (football) for which children’s drawing of a human figure could provide opportunities for the latter indices to manifest and flourish. Children from three countries; England, Iran and Brazil, representing three continents took part in this study. The participants were asked to draw a football player from their own country and from the other participating countries. The results showed that Brazilian children differ from Iranian and English children by drawing significantly smaller figures and putting more football action in the drawings. Shading of the figure drawn was more prevalent amongst English children. Such findings have implications for the interpretation of key aspects of children's drawings in educational, clinical and therapeutic settings and from a universal vs. culturally-specific viewpoint.
Criteria for the transition to adulthood, developmental features of emerging adulthood, and views of the future among Greek studying youth
Authors: Galanaki Evangelia , Leontopoulou Sophie
Published: August 2017

This study investigated emerging adulthood and transition to adulthood in Greece, a highly underresearched issue in this country. Participants were 784 university students aged 17.5-27.5 years. Criteria for the transition to adulthood, developmental features of emerging adulthood, perceived adult status, views of the future (optimism), and sociodemographic variables were assessed. The results support the existence of emerging adulthood as a distinct life period in Greece. More than two thirds of the sample were self-perceived emerging adults. Most prevalent criteria were Norm compliance and Family capacities. Developmental features of emerging adulthood ranked high, especially Identity exploration, Experimentation/possibilities, and Feeling “in-between”. Statistically significant variations emerged as a function of gender, age, living arrangement, job experience, and perceived adult status. Views of the future were cautiously optimistic. Similarities with existing data and differences related to the specific characteristics of the Southern European context are discussed.
There is an ‘unconscious,’ but it may well be conscious
Authors: Kastrup Bernardo
Published: August 2017

Depth psychology finds empirical validation today in a variety of observations that suggest the presence of causally effective mental processes outside conscious experience. I submit that this is due to misinterpretation of the observations: the subset of consciousness called “meta-consciousness” in the literature is often mistaken for consciousness proper, thereby artificially creating space for an “unconscious.” The implied hypothesis is that all mental processes may in fact be conscious, the appearance of unconsciousness arising from our dependence on self-reflective introspection for gauging awareness. After re-interpreting the empirical data according to a philosophically rigorous definition of consciousness, I show that two well-known phenomena corroborate this hypothesis: (a) experiences that, despite being conscious, aren’t re-represented during introspection; and (b) dissociated experiences inaccessible to the executive ego. If consciousness is inherent to all mentation, it may be fundamental in nature, as opposed to a product of particular types of brain function.
Operators Share Successes, Wisdom, and Challenges
Authors: Garner Steven
Published: August 2017

What does an operator require to do his or her job effectively? An informal survey sampled operators across North America for their perspectives on operator needs and challenges.
Operational Control Practices Optimize Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Martin Barb
Published: August 2017

Operational control is essential to optimization. Data generated through sample collection and analysis provide information to help plant operators assess performance, recognize process issues, and make adjustments to improve performance.
Le retour au travail d’immigrants ayant subi une lésion professionnelle : les embûches
de la rencontre interculturelle et la précarité du lien d’emploi
Authors: Gravel Sylvie , Dubé Jessica , Côté Daniel , White Bob W. , Gratton Danielle
Published: August 2017

Cet article rapporte une partie des résultats d'une étude exploratoire sur le
processus de réadaptation et de retour au travail en contexte de relations interculturelles.
Cette étude avait deux objectifs : identifier les stratégies mises de l'avant par les
différents acteurs pour faciliter le processus de réadaptation et de retour au travail des
travailleurs immigrants et décrire les contraintes, les obstacles et les aides au processus
selon la perspective des différents acteurs. Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont ainsi été
menées auprès de 47 répondants : cliniciens, agents d'indemnisation et conseillers en
réadaptation de la CNESST, employeurs et travailleurs immigrants victimes d'une lésion
reconnue et indemnisée. Au-delà des barrières linguistiques et culturelles, deux facteurs
nuisent au retour en emploi des travailleurs immigrants : d'une part, la précarité du lien
d'emploi freine leurs efforts et mine leur volonté de consolider leur état de santé et,
d'autre part, la menace ou la perte réelle du lien d'emploi amène une rupture symbolique
dans leur processus d'intégration. Cette rupture est importante pour ceux qui sont
surqualifiés pour leur poste, surtout si leur emploi est un passage obligé pour acquérir une
expérience de travail au Canada et viser ensuite un emploi à la hauteur de leurs
compétences. Le processus de réadaptation peut soit se transformer en un « parcours
déshonorant », soit fournir une occasion d'améliorer sa situation sur un marché du travail
discriminant. Adapter les programmes à la réalité de ces travailleurs immigrants est
possible, mais pose un dilemme moral et éthique : comment motiver les travailleurs à se
rétablir tout en explorant un autre créneau d'emploi si leur lien d'emploi risque d'être
rompu, alors que les règles relatives au droit de retour au travail prévoient la
réintégration de l'emploi prélésionnel ou tout autre poste jugé équivalent?
Des-escolarizando a catequese
Authors: Dos Santos Alex Cristiano , Do Carmo Solange Maria
Published: September 2017

A catequese contemporânea tem apresentado sinais de falência. Os resultados dos esforços catequéticos têm sido poucos ou quase nulos: não conseguimos contagiar os catequizandos com a proposta do evangelho a ponto de fazê-los prosseguir no discipulado do Mestre de Nazaré. Diante de tal fenômeno, perguntamo-nos: o evangelho de Jesus Cristo perdeu sua força e, por isso, não possui mais significância para a vida dos contemporâneos ou é nossa catequese que não consegue propiciar a experiência do Ressuscitado, capaz de transformar a vida dos catequizandos? Nós cremos que a pessoa de Jesus Cristo e seu evangelho não tiveram sua significância reduzida e também sabemos que o tempo atual não é menos apto à fé cristã que outros (pois toda sociedade e todo tempo são capazes de Deus). O que nos parece mais provável é a inadequação do paradigma catequético em relação à sociedade secularizada que se implantou, especialmente da pedagogia catequética. A pedagogia ensino-aprendizagem, pilar do ato catequético desde tempos na Igreja, é extremamente escolarizada, preocupada com a transmissão da doutrina ou com a construção do conhecimento. Ela não inicia no mistério pascal, mistério central da fé cristã. É preciso substituir a pedagogia ensino/aprendizagem, cujos recursos para a comunicação da experiência cristã de Deus se mostram esgotados, pela pedagogia iniciática, capaz de proporcionar a experiência com o Ressuscitado. É preciso des-escolarizar a catequese, transformando as “aulas de catecismo” ou “aulas de catequese” em momentos de encontro pessoal com Deus, plenamente revelado em Jesus Cristo, pela ação do Espírito.
The significance of Luther for the crises of today: On the occasion of the 500 years of the Reformation
Authors: Westhelle Vítor
Published: September 2017

The 500 anniversary of the event that marks the beginning of the Reformation is an opportunity to revisit some of its radical claims. Among them is that liberation and salvation are related but distinct. As long as we honor the distinction, honored will be the shape Luther’s figure is transfigured into the mold of contemporary crises. It is about presence, regardless of the fact whether Luther is named or not. At the break of the 21st century, the most significant social phenomenon is arguably migration. The Reformer viewed migration in two diametrically different ways. This difference pertains to the two perspectives that inform Luther’s theology. One pertains to our relationship to God and detachment from the entrapments of the world. The other refers to our lifein the world, particularly as it concerns the economy. About a century and a half ago, in the high of industrial capitalism, Karl Marx found in Luther the basic clue to analyze the emergence of capital. This article presents thus an analysis of a treatise of Luther on usury that Marx discusses at length in the first volume of Das Kapital. As it was for Marx, Luther’s transfiguration happens in the voices of protest and resistance today.
Reconciliação como “superação de inimizade pela amizade”: desenvolvimento e desdobramentos brasileiros de uma ênfase soteriológica metodista
Authors: Renders Helmut
Published: September 2017

O artigo apresenta três fases do desdobramento da teologia da reconciliação naIgreja Metodista, entendida como superação da inimizade humana pela amizade divina. Primeiro, explora-se textos de John Wesley do século 18, depois textos da Igreja Metodista no Brasil do fim do século 19 e por último do século 20. Evidencia-se a centralidade da teologia da reconciliação como superação da inimizade humana pela amizade divina em momentos centrais da história do metodismo brasileiro e sugere-se como horizonte do seu futuro desdobramento a integração maior dos conceitos da hospitalidade como filoxenia e da convivência como abertura para o mundo em busca da superação de inimizades.
"An Eyesore among Eyesores" : The Significance of Physical Setting in Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily"
Authors: Khrais Sura M.
Published: September 2017

It is the purpose of this paper to study the significance of the physical setting of Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily". The two main geographical settings are Jefferson Town and the Grierson's house . The researcher will show how Faulkner's treatment of the details of the house (the microcosmic geographical settings) which include the upstairs bridal chamber, the crayon portrait, the front door, and window frame leads to a better understanding of Miss Emily's motivations and actions, and gives us insight to her lonely isolated life. At a certain point, Emily's decaying smelly house is refuge from the modernised outside world to which she does not belong. Furthermore, the house is the source of Miss Emily's power. Inside the walls of the  house, she is a strong woman, a killer; yet a woman falling in love. Nevertheless, Faulkner presents another horrifying image of Emily's house. It harbours death and decay. In this sense, the house is closer to dark setting we read about in Gothic Romance. On the other hand, the town is the macrocosmic setting. It is a fallen legacy as it becomes a symbol for the fall of the old South which Emily's house still harbours.
The Impact of ESA Elements on Motivation of EFL Learners to Speak: A Case of Iranian EFL Learners
Authors: Khoshsima Hooshang , Shokri Hadi
Published: September 2017

Implementing a best course of action to boost English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ motivation to speak has been a controversial issue among EFL instructors. The present study aims to investigate the probable impact of Harmer’s ESA (Engagement, Study, and Activate) elements implementation on motivation of EFL learners to speak. To meet this objective, first, the pre-treatment questionnaire was delivered to 15 EFL learners at the beginning of the term to measure ‘input motivation’. After collecting information from the pre-treatment questionnaire, the students were taught for nearly two months by applying ESA elements, and then the post-treatment questionnaire was given to the same students to gather information of students’ motivation changes, students’ attitudes towards techniques and activities applied by teachers and their preferences. Additionally, to triangulate the results, a Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was run to see if there is any relationship between the learners’ speaking performance and their motivation to speak. In sum, the results of the questionnaires and correlation analysis proved that the treatment of the learners via ESA approach was quite influential in boosting EFL learners’ motivation to speak. It is expected that the findings of the study may significantly contribute to work of EFL teachers, EFL learners, policy makers, supervisors and researchers.
Apology Strategies Used by EFL Undergraduate Students in Indonesia
Authors: Cedar Payung
Published: September 2017

Interlanguage speakers, regardless of proficiency level, often experience problems in communication due to their limited knowledge of how speech acts are commonly performed in the target language. The current study attempted to investigate the effects of English proficiency level on the apology strategy use by Indonesian EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners from two English proficiency levels. The study employed a DCT (Discourse Completion Task) questionnaire and involved 21 A2 students and 21 B1 students majoring in English in their first-year period from an Indonesian university. Utilizing the apology strategy framework from Olshtain & Cohen (1983) and Blum-Kulka, House & Kasper (1989), the findings demonstrated no significant difference between the two subject groups in the overall use of apology strategies, whereas differences were noted at an individual strategy level. Nonetheless, the B1 group made more frequent use and a wider range of apology strategies than the A2 group. In addition, the study found two forms of pragmatic transfer made by the subjects and a new apology strategy.
Between Languages and Cultures: Arabic into English Transliteration in English Travel Literature
Authors: Adel Almahameed Nusaiba , Abbadi Renad Mohammad , Almahameed Atef Adel
Published: September 2017

This essay aspires to examine the use of transliteration of some words and phrases from Arabic to English in travel literature books. This has been conducted by exploring the transliterated Arabic words and phrases, and comparing the different transliterations of the same words and phrases by different writers. It investigates the way that the travel writers employ in making plural nouns, the use of the definite article (Al) (ال), and Al-tashdid (the duplication of a letter). The conclusion drawn is that travel literature writers resort to transliteration for three reasons; one of the main reasons is that sometimes there is no one-to-one correspondence; the second main reason suggests that transliteration avoids the loss of meaning; and the third one stems from the fact that transliteration helps to find transculturation between cultures. The contributions of this essay would be of concern to scholars, who are interested in Arabic into English transliteration, specifically in English travel literature. According to the researchers’ knowledge, this essay can be considered a leading pioneer study in the field that deals with transliteration from Arabic into English in English travel literature.
Do Task Complexity Demands Influence the Learners’ Perception of Task Difficulty?
Authors: Sanajou Nasrin , Zohali Leila , Zabihi Fateme
Published: September 2017

This study investigates the effects of cognitive task complexity on EFL learners’ perception of task difficulty. Learners’ perception of task difficulty is measured by a five-item task difficulty questionnaire (as in Robinson, 2001a). The participants were 76 intermediate learners which were divided into two groups. One group performed a simple task (single task) and the other group performed a complex task (dual task). Having performed the tasks, the participants completed the task difficulty questionnaire. In order to see how the participants evaluated task difficulty, their ratings for each question of the questionnaire in the simple and complex tasks was compared using Mann-Whitney U. The results indicate that the complex task significantly affected learners’ perception of task difficulty in three items of difficulty, stress and interest. The results of task difficulty studies can help language educators in designing and employing more effective language teaching materials.
Religiøse spiseforskrifter i barnehagen. En kvalitativ undersøkelse om barnehagers strategier for tilpasning i møte med islamske spiseforskrifter
Authors: Øvrebø Else Marie , Andreassen Bengt Ove
Published: August 2017

Artikkelen baserer seg på kvalitative forskningsintervjuer med styrere og pedagogiske ledere om hvordan barnehager imøtekommer muslimske foreldres ønsker om tilpasning til islamske spiseforskrifter. Resultatet viser at barnehagen baserer seg på to hovedstrategier i sin tilpasning – enten å servere mat som alle kan spise, eller ulike typer mat der muslimske barn kan spise ett av alternativene. Artikkelen drøfter strategiene barnehagen velger i forhold til samarbeid med foreldre og hvordan begrunnelser dels er pragmatiske og dels er pedagogisk forankretThis article is based on qualitative research interviews with staff in Norwegian kindergartens and has a particular focus on how kindergartens meet Muslim parents’ wish that the kindergartens adapts meals to Islam’s regulations on food. The result shows that the kindergarten’s strategies can be divided in two main strategies: Either to serve food that everyone can eat (also Muslim children), or to serve different types of food where Muslim children can eat one of the options. The article discusses strategies kindergartens choose in relation to cooperation with parents and how arguments are partly pragmatic and partly educational anchored.
Parodi og det imaginære Afrika i en lesning av Rumpemelk fra Afrika
Authors: Alfheim Ingvild , Fodstad Cecilie Dyrkorn
Published: August 2017

Denne artikkelen analyserer Erlend Loe og Alice Bjerknes Lima de Farias bildebok Rumpemelk fra Afrika (2012). Her foretar vi en tematisk analyse av det imaginære Afrika som presenteres gjennom hovedpersonens Afrika-reise. Reisen er en jakt etter det som blir betegnet som «rumpemelk». Bildeboka er postmoderne og plasserer seg i en tradisjon etter fabelen, der fantasi, lek og besjelte dyr er sentrale element, men parodi og intertekstualitet spiller også en sentral rolle i hvordan det imaginære Afrika gestaltes. Målet med artikkelen er å foreta en tematisk lesning som undersøker hvordan bildebokas intertekstuelle og parodiske dialog med tidligere Afrika-forestillinger i barnelitteraturen danner grunnlaget for det imaginære Afrika som presenteres i denne spesifikke boka. This article on Erlend Loe og Alice Bjerknes Lima de Faria’s picture book Rumpemelk fra Afrika (2012) is a thematic analysis of the imaginary Africa which is portrayed through the protagonist’s journey to Africa in search of what is termed “milk from the bum.” The picture book is a postmodern picture book, and can be placed in the tradition of the fable, where play and fantasy and animated animals are central ingredients, but parody and intertextuality also play a central role in how the imaginary Africa is rendered. This article’s intention is to analyse the way in which this picture book forms an intertextual and parodic dialogue with previous myths and pretexts of the tales of Africa in children’s literature in the creation of the specific imaginary Africa of this book.
Práticas Governança em Organizações Sociais de Saúde no Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Mattos Bernard Mothé , Sauerbronn Fernanda Filgueiras , Cruz Claudia Ferreira
Published: August 2017

No Brasil, o modelo de OSS foi criado visando a publicização dos serviços públicos e o alcance de eficiência e menor custo, apesar de ter criado novas relações de governança. Estudos recentes têm se debruçado sobre a análise da eficiência e da acessibilidade em saúde pública, entretanto, poucos estudos têm se dedicado ao estudo da governança destes serviços sob a ótica da governança corporativa aplicada ao setor público. Neste contexto, o presente artigo tem o objetivo de diagnosticar as práticas de gestão das Organizações Sociais de Saúde [OSS], do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, à luz das recomendações do Estudo 13 do PSC/IFAC. Foi desenvolvido um questionário (escala Likert) adaptado ao contexto das OSS, e aplicado junto aos profissionais de gestão das OSS e aos servidores da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde [SES]. Por meio da análise do Ranking Médio foi possível identificar as diferenças nas percepções dos dois grupos. Os profissionais das OSS percebem satisfatoriamente as práticas de governança, discordando dos servidores da SES em diversas dimensões de análise. Adicionalmente, uma analise documental apontou a existência de espaços para melhorias em relação às praticas sugeridas pelo IFAC. Por fim, são discutidos os achados do estudo, bem como seus reflexos sobre a governança pública em saúde e suas implicações junto à sociedade.
Spatial Patterns of Summer Speedup on South Central Alaska Glaciers
Authors: Armstrong William H. , Anderson Robert S. , Fahnestock Mark A.
Published: August 2017

Seasonal changes in glacier basal motion are attributable to variations in subglacial hydrology and cause variations in both ice discharge and glacier erosion. We develop a novel workflow based upon Landsat 8 feature tracking to document differences between spatial patterns of summer and winter glacier surface speed, which reflect changes in the distribution of basal motion. We identify and characterize summer speedups on 13 of 19 land‐terminating glaciers in Alaska's Wrangell‐St Elias Ranges. The speedups are relatively uniform over much of the ablation zones, and the speedup magnitudes vary by only a factor of ~2 between glaciers whose velocities span an order of magnitude. Summer speedups extend up to ~30 km up glacier from termini and often end at the bases of icefalls. These data provide systematic observation of the spatial pattern of enhanced summer glacier basal motion and suggest the possibility of its parameterization in glacier models.
Twentieth century correlations between extratropical SST variability and ITCZ shifts
Authors: Green Brian , Marshall John , Donohoe Aaron
Published: August 2017

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a global‐scale band of tropical precipitation lying, in the annual mean, just north of the equator. Its position can be tied to the atmosphere's energy balance: the Northern Hemisphere is heated more strongly than the Southern Hemisphere, biasing the atmosphere's circulation and ITCZ north of the equator. In the context of this energy balance framework, we examine multidecadal connections between variations in the position of the global ITCZ and indices of extratropical sea surface temperature (SST) variability over the twentieth century. We find that the ITCZ and atmospheric circulation are shifted farther to the north during periods when North Atlantic and North Pacific SSTs are anomalously warm. Additionally, a warmer North Atlantic is correlated with a relatively warm Northern Hemisphere atmosphere. Our results suggest an important role for the ocean circulation in modulating ITCZ migrations on decade‐and‐longer timescales.
Volumetric‐modulated arc therapy and intensity‐modulated radiation therapy treatment planning for prostate cancer with flattened beam and flattening filter free linear accelerators
Authors: Treutwein Marius , Hipp Matthias , Koelbl Oliver , Dobler Barbara
Published: August 2017

This study on patients with localized prostate cancer was set up to investigate valuable differences using flattened beam (FB) and flattening filter free (FFF) mode in the application of intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT). For ten patients, four different plans were calculated with Oncentra planning system of Elekta, using Synergy machines: IMRT and VMAT, with and without flattening filter. Homogeneity and conformity indexes, dose to the organs at risk, and measurements of peripheral dose and dosimetric plan verification including record of the delivery times were analyzed and statistically evaluated. The indexes for homogeneity and conformity (CTV and PTV) are either advantageous or not significantly different for FFF compared to FB with one minor exception. Regarding the doses to the organs at risk and the measured peripheral dose, equivalent or lower doses were delivered for FFF than with FB. Furthermore, the delivery times were significantly shorter for FFF. VMAT compared to IMRT reveals benefits or at least equivalent values. VMAT‐FFF combines the most advantageous plan quality parameters with the shortest delivery times and reduced peripheral dose and is therefore recommended for the given equipment and cancer localization.
The Effects of Programme Context on Memory for Humorous Television Commercials
Authors: Han Da Eun , McClelland Alastair , Furnham Adrian
Published: August 2017

This study investigated the effects of programme context on memory for humorous television advertisements in South Korean participants. Humorous and nonhumorous Korean advertisements were embedded within two programme contexts: humorous and nonhumorous. When the programme ratings of humour, enjoyment and involvement were higher, unaided recall was poorer. In addition, unaided recall of the advertisements was better when they were embedded within a nonhumorous programme. However, there was no significant programme‐advertisement interaction effect. Overall, both free and cued recall were higher for humorous advertisements than for the nonhumorous advertisements. The findings are discussed in terms of cultural differences and changes in television programmes and advertising over time.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Magnetoresistance Induced by a Nonzero Berry Phase in GeTe/Sb2Te3 Chalcogenide Superlattices
Authors: Tominaga Junji , Saito Yuta , Mitrofanov Kirill , Inoue Nobuki , Fons Paul , Kolobov Alexander V. , Nakamura Hisao , Miyata Noriyuki
Published: August 2017

The chalcogenide alloy Ge–Sb–Te (GST) has not only been used in rewritable digital versatile discs, but also in nonvolatile electrical phase change memory as a key recording material. Although GST has been believed for a long time not to show magnetic properties unless doped with magnetic impurities, it has recently been reported that superlattices (SLs) with the structure [(GeTe)L(Sb2Te3)M]N (where L, M, and N are usually integers) have a large magnetoresistance at room temperature for particular combinations of L and M. Here it is reported that when [(GeTe)L(Sb2Te3)M]N chalcogenide SL films are thermally annealed at 470 K and cooled down to room temperature under an external magnetic field accompanied by current pulse injections, a large magnetoresistance change (>2500 Ω) is induced. This study shows that the phenomenon has a strong correlation with the GeTe thickness and the periodic structure of the SL films, and that it is induced by the structural phase transition between electrically nonpolar and polar phases in the GeTe layers in the SLs. This study proposes that the relationship between the polar (ferroelectric) phase and the Berry curvature in the SLs is responsible for the magnetoresistance change.