bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
iSS-PseDNC: Identifying Splicing Sites Using Pseudo Dinucleotide Composition
Authors: Chen Wei , Feng Peng-Mian , Lin Hao , Chou Kuo-Chen
Published: May 2014

In eukaryotic genes, exons are generally interrupted by introns. Accurately removing introns and joining exons together are essential processes in eukaryotic gene expression. With the avalanche of genome sequences generated in the postgenomic age, it is highly desired to develop automated methods for rapid and effective detection of splice sites that play important roles in gene structure annotation and even in RNA splicing. Although a series of computational methods were proposed for splice site identification, most of them neglected the intrinsic local structural properties. In the present study, a predictor called “iSS-PseDNC” was developed for identifying splice sites. In the new predictor, the sequences were formulated by a novel feature-vector called “pseudo dinucleotide composition” (PseDNC) into which six DNA local structural properties were incorporated. It was observed by the rigorous cross-validation tests on two benchmark datasets that the overall success rates achieved by iSS-PseDNC in identifying splice donor site and splice acceptor site were 85.45% and 87.73%, respectively. It is anticipated that iSS-PseDNC may become a useful tool for identifying splice sites and that the six DNA local structural properties described in this paper may provide novel insights for in-depth investigations into the mechanism of RNA splicing.
The H∞ Control for Bilinear Systems with Poisson Jumps
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Weihai , Lin Xiangyun
Published: May 2014

This paper discusses the state feedback H∞ control problem for a class of bilinear stochastic systems driven by both Brownian motion and Poisson jumps. By completing square method, we obtain the H∞ control by solutions of the corresponding Hamilton‐Jacobi equations (HJE). By the tensor power series method, we also shift such HJEs into a kind of Riccati equations, and the H∞ control is represented with the form of tensor power series.
Origin of Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity of Ag3AsO4from First-Principles Calculation
Authors: Gong Yan , Yu Hongtao , Quan Xie
Published: May 2014

Recently a novel sliver oxide Ag3AsO4has been found to be an excellent photocatalyst with strong oxidation capability for pollutant degradation under visible light. But the origin of its high visible light photocatalytic activity was unclear which hindered further research of Ag3AsO4. For clarifying that, the electronic structure and optical properties of Ag3AsO4have been analyzed by the hybrid density functional method. The results reveal that the Ag3AsO4presents a narrow band gap with strong oxidation ability of the valence bands maximum edge and the highly delocalized charge distribution of the conduction bands minimum is beneficial for the carriers transfer to surface to participate in the photocatalytic reaction. These results provide clear explanations of the excellent visible light photocatalytic performance of the Ag3AsO4from microscopic aspect. And it is significant to design novel materials with high photocatalytic performance.
Production and Enhancement of Omega-3 Fatty Acid fromMortierella alpinaCFR-GV15: Its Food and Therapeutic Application
Authors: Vadivelan Ganesan , Venkateswaran Govindarajulu
Published: May 2014

Mortierellasp. has been known to produce polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as GLA and AA under normal growth medium conditions. Similarly, under the stress condition, this fungus produces EPA and DHA in their mycelial biomass. Among the 67 soil samples screened from the Western Ghats of India, 11Mortierellaisolates showed the presence of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid, mainly GLA, AA, EPA, and DHA in starch, yeast-extract medium. Nile red and TTC strains were used for screening their qualitative oleaginesity. Among the representative isolates, whenMortierellasp. is grown in a fat-producing basal medium, a maximum lipid content of 42.0 ± 1.32% in its mycelia, 6.72 ± 0.5% EPA, and 4.09 ± 0.1% DHA was obtained. To understand theMortierellasp. CFR-GV15, to the species level, its morphology was seen under the light microscope and scanning electron microscope, respectively. These microscopic observations showed that isolateMortierellasp. CFR-GV15 produced coenocytic hyphae. Later on, its 18S rRNA and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were cloned, sequenced, and analyzed phylogenetically to 18S rRNA and ITS1 and ITS4 sequences of related fungi. This newly isolatedMortierella alpinaCFR-GV15 was found to be promising culture for the development of an economical method for commercial production of omega-3 fatty acid for food and therapeutical application.
Dynamic Sliding Mode Evolution PWM Controller for a Novel High-Gain Interleaved DC-DC Converter in PV System
Authors: Bei Taizhou , Wang Ping , Yang Liu , Zhou Zhe
Published: May 2014

Considering the disadvantages of the traditional high-gain DC-DC converter such as big size, high voltage stress of switches, and large input current ripple, a novel high-gain interleaved boost converter with coupled-inductor and switched-capacitor was proposed correspondingly and the operation principle together with the steady-state analysis of this converter was also described. Besides, a new control approach-dynamic sliding mode evolution PWM controller (DSME PWM) for the novel topological converter based on both dynamic evolution and sliding mode control was also presented. From the simulation results and experimental validation the proposed converter can fulfill high-gain boost, low ripple of both the input current and the output voltage. Furthermore, MPPT technique can be also achieved in a short time by simulation. The efficiency and stability of the converter proposed in this paper can be improved.
Perceived Stigma and Associated Factors among People with Schizophrenia at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Institution Based Study
Authors: Bifftu Berhanu Boru , Dachew Berihun Assefa
Published: May 2014

Background. While effective treatments are available for people with schizophrenia, presence of perceived stigma prevents them from accessing and receiving the help they need to get.Objectives. To assess the prevalence and associated factors of perceived stigma among people with schizophrenia attending the Outpatient Department of Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods. Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 411 subjects using an Amharic version of the perceived devaluation and discrimination scale. Single population proportion formula was used to calculate sample size. Subjects were selected by systematic sampling techniques. Binary logistic regression and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were used to identify the association factors of outcome variables.Results. A total of 411 subjects participated in the study giving a response rate of 97.4%. The prevalence of perceived stigma was found to be 83.5%. Education status (not able to read and write) (AOR=2.64, 95% CI: 1.118, 6.227), difficulties of adherence to antipsychotic drug (AOR=4.49, 95% CI: 2.309, 8.732), and duration of illness less than one year (AOR=3.48, 95% CI: 2.238, 5.422) were factors associated with perceived stigma.Conclusion. Overall, the prevalence of perceived stigma was found to be high. Education status (not able to read and write), difficulties of adherence to antipsychotic medication, and duration of illness were factors associated with perceived stigma. Adherence to antipsychotic medication particularly during the early stage of the illness and strengthening the educational status of the participants were suggested in the clinical care setting.
Observer-Based Robust Control for Spacecraft Rendezvous with Thrust Saturation
Authors: Wan Neng , Liu Ming , Karimi Hamid Reza
Published: May 2014

This paper proposes an observer-based robust guaranteed cost control method for thrust-limited rendezvous in near-circular orbits. Treating the noncircularity of the target orbit as a parametric uncertainty, a linearized motion model derived from the two-body problem is adopted as the controlled plant. Based on this model, a robust guaranteed cost observer-controller is synthesized with a less conservative saturation control law, and sufficient condition for the existence of this observer-based rendezvous controller is derived. Finally, an illustrative example with immeasurable velocity states is presented to demonstrate the advantages and effectiveness of the control scheme.
Evaluation of Prognostic Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells Detection in Rectal Cancer Patients Treated with Preoperative Radiotherapy: Prospectively Collected Material Data
Authors: Nesteruk Dominika , Rutkowski Andrzej , Fabisiewicz Stanisław , Pawlak Jacek , Siedlecki Janusz A. , Fabisiewicz Anna
Published: May 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in nonmetastatic rectal cancer patients treated with short-term preoperative radiotherapy. In this single-center trial, 162 patients with rectal cancer after preoperative short-term radiotherapy (5×5 Gy) were recruited from January, 2008 to September, 2011. Clearance of CTC was determined in 91 patients enrolled in the molecular analysis. CTC presence was evaluated with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay (qPCR) based on the expression of three tumor genetic markers: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 20 (CK20), and/or cancer stem cells marker CD133 (CEA/CK20/CD133). We found that CTC detection 7 days after surgery was of prognostic significance for the local recurrence (Pvalue = 0.006). CTC detected preoperatively and 24 hours after resection had no prognostic value in cancer recurrence; however, there was a significant relationship between CTC prevalence 24 hours after surgery and lymph node metastasis (pN1-2). We also confirmed a significant clearance of CTC in peripheral blood (PB) 24 hours after surgery. Preoperative sampling is not significant for prognosis in rectal cancer patients treated with short-term radiotherapy. Detection of CTC in PB 7 days after surgery is an independent factor predicting local recurrence in this group of patients.
Modified PEHPS Medium as an Alternative for theIn VitroCulture ofGiardia lamblia
Authors: Vargas-Villarreal Javier , Mata-Cárdenas Benito D. , Hernández-García Magda E. , Garza-González Jesús N. , De La Garza-Salinas Laura H. , González-Salazar Francisco
Published: May 2014

Commercial culture media present interlot variations in biological activity. We have previously designed a homemade and economic culture medium, PEHPS medium, for the axenic cultivation ofEntamoeba histolyticaandTrichomonas vaginalis. Trophozoites of amoebae and trichomonads grow well in this medium. Furthermore, the medium is stable for several months when stored frozen or refrigerated. The objective of this work was to modify PEHPS medium to support thein vitrogrowth ofGiardia lamblia. Inocula of 5 × 103trophozoites/mL ofG. lambliawere incubated at 36.5°C in modified PEHPS or TYI-S-33 medium. Then, the growths of the threeGiardiastrains in both media were compared. The logarithmic growth phase lasted 72 h; the mean yield of the strains ranged from 10.06 to 11.43 × 105Giardiatrophozoites/mL, and the range of duplication time in the three strains was from 5.67 to 6.06 in modified PEHPS medium. These growth characteristics were not significantly different from those obtained with TYI-S-33 medium. We conclude that modified PEHPS medium might be used for the axenic cultivation ofG. lamblia.
LocalCrStability for Iterative Roots of Orientation-Preserving Self-Mappings on the Interval
Authors: Zeng Yingying
Published: May 2014

Stability of iterative roots is important in their numerical computation. It is known that under some conditions iterative roots of orientation-preserving self-mappings are both globallyC0stable and locallyC1stable but globallyC1unstable. Although the globalC1instability implies the general globalCr(r≥2) instability, the localC1stability does not guarantee the localCr(r≥2) stability. In this paper we generally prove the localCr(r≥2) stability for iterative roots. For this purpose we need a uniform estimate for the approximation to the conjugation inCrlinearization, which is given by improving the method used for theC1case.
KLL Dielectronic Recombination of Highly Charged Sulfur and Silicon Ions
Authors: Ali Safdar
Published: May 2014

Dielectronic recombination measurements for highly charged ions were performed at the Stockholm refrigerated electron beam
ion trap. We have obtained KLL DR resonance strengths for highly charged H- and He-like sulfur and silicon ions. The experimental results are compared with the theoretical data obtained from GRASP II code. Both the experimental and calculated results agree well within the experimental error bars. Moreover, the dielectronic recombination resonance strengths are used to obtain the new scaling parameters by incorporating our results with the previous measurements and to check the behaviour of scaling formula for H- and He-like isoelectronic sequences.
Experimental Study of Diffusion Coefficients of Water through the Collagen: Apatite Porosity in Human Trabecular Bone Tissue
Authors: Marinozzi Franco , Bini Fabiano , Quintino Alessandro , Corcione Massimo , Marinozzi Andrea
Published: May 2014

We firstly measured the swelling of single trabeculae from human femur heads during water imbibition. Since the swelling is caused by water diffusing from external surfaces to the core of the sample, by measuring the sample swelling over time, we obtained direct information about the transport of fluids through the intimate constituents of bone, where the mineralization process takes place. We developed an apparatus to measure the free expansion of the tissue during the imbibition. In particular, we measured the swelling along three natural axes (lengthL, widthW, and thicknessT) of plate-like trabeculae. For this aim, we developed a 3D analytical model of the water uptake by the sample that was performed according to Fickian transport mechanism. The results were then utilized to predict the swelling over time along the three sample directions (L,W,T) and the apparent diffusion coefficientsDT,DW, andDL.
Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis and Low Disease Activity because of Anti-TNF-Alpha Therapy Have Higher TRAIL Levels Than Controls: A Potential Compensatory Effect
Authors: Genre Fernanda , López-Mejías Raquel , Rueda-Gotor Javier , Miranda-Filloy José A. , Ubilla Begoña , Carnero-López Beatriz , Palmou-Fontana Natalia , Gómez-Acebo Inés , Blanco Ricardo , Pina Trinitario , Ochoa Rodrigo , González-Juanatey Carlos , Llorca Javier , González-Gay Miguel A.
Published: May 2014

Objective. TRAIL is a potential biomarker of cardiovascular (CV) disease. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with metabolic syndrome (MeS) and accelerated atherosclerosis. We assessed whether disease activity, systemic inflammation, and MeS features were associated with circulating TRAIL levels in AS patients undergoing TNF-αantagonist infliximab therapy and if infliximab infusion modified TRAIL levels.Methods. We measured TRAIL serum levels in 30 nondiabetic AS patients without CV disease undergoing anti-TNF-αtherapy, immediately before and after an infliximab infusion, and in 48 matched controls. Correlations of TRAIL levels with disease activity, systemic inflammation and MeS features, adipokines, and biomarkers of endothelial activation were evaluated. Changes in TRAIL levels following anti-TNF-αinfusion were analyzed.Results. TRAIL levels were higher in AS patients than controls. TRAIL levels displayed an inverse correlation with total and LDL cholesterol. We observed an inverse correlation with QUICKI and a marginal association with HOMA-IR. We also found an inverse correlation with resistin and a marginal association with apelin and OPN. Anti-TNF-αinfusion did not change TRAIL levels after 120′.Conclusion. Elevated TRAIL levels in AS patients may be the result of a compensatory mechanism to reduce CV risk in these patients.
Blind Identification of Convolutional Encoder Parameters
Authors: Su Shaojing , Zhou Jing , Huang Zhiping , Liu Chunwu , Zhang Yimeng
Published: May 2014

This paper gives a solution to the blind parameter identification of a convolutional encoder. The problem can be addressed in the context of the noncooperative communications or adaptive coding and modulations (ACM) for cognitive radio networks. We consider an intelligent communication receiver which can blindly recognize the coding parameters of the received data stream. The only knowledge is that the stream is encoded using binary convolutional codes, while the coding parameters are unknown. Some previous literatures have significant contributions for the recognition of convolutional encoder parameters in hard-decision situations. However, soft-decision systems are applied more and more as the improvement of signal processing techniques. In this paper we propose a method to utilize the soft information to improve the recognition performances in soft-decision communication systems. Besides, we propose a new recognition method based on correlation attack to meet low signal-to-noise ratio situations. Finally we give the simulation results to show the efficiency of the proposed methods.
Traffic Information Acquisition System with Ultrasonic Sensors in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Jo Youngtae , Choi Jinsup , Jung Inbum
Published: May 2014

Existing systems for traffic information acquisition have high costs and low scalability owing to their characteristics such as large size, wired power supplies, and wired communication. To achieve low costs and high scalability, the use of traffic information acquisition systems based on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has been suggested. However, WSN-based systems have important issues, such as low computing power, limited battery capacity, and high transmission delay. Existing studies on WSN-based acquisition systems have not considered all three of these problems together. Moreover, most studies have focused on theoretical problems rather than practical ones. Therefore, we propose a new system that considers all three limitations of WSN-based systems. In our experiments, we installed our system on real roads for an accurate evaluation. The results show that our system has a high detection accuracy, low power consumption, and low transmission delay.
Photonic Material Selection of Scintillation Crystals Using Monte Carlo Method for X-Ray Detection in Industrial Computed Tomography
Authors: He Peng , Wei Biao , Zhou Mi , Feng Peng , Chen Mianyi
Published: May 2014

Currently industrial X-CT system is designed according to characteristics of test objects, and test objects determine industrial X-CT system structure, X-ray detector/sensor property, scanning mode, and so forth. So there are no uniform standards for the geometry size of scintillation crystals of detector. Moreover, scintillation crystals are usually mixed with some highly toxic impurity elements, such as Tl and Cd. Thus, it is indispensable for establishing guidelines of engineering practice to simulate X-ray detection performances of different scintillation crystals. This paper focuses on how to achieve high efficient X-ray detection in industrial X-CT system which used Monte Carlo (MC) method to study X-ray energy straggling characteristics, full energy peak efficiency, and conversion efficiency of some scintillation crystals (e.g., CsI(Tl), NaI(Tl), and CdWO4) after X-ray interacted with these scintillation crystals. Our experimental results demonstrate that CsI(Tl) scintillation crystal has the advantages of conversion efficiency, spectral matching, manufacturing process, and full energy peak efficiency; it is an ideal choice for high efficient X-ray detection in industrial X-CT system.
Biolimus-Eluting Stents With Biodegradable Polymer Versus Bare-Metal Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Räber Lorenz , Kelbæk Henning , Taniwaki Masanori , Ostojic Miodrag , Heg Dik , Baumbach Andreas , von Birgelen Clemens , Roffi Marco , Tüller David , Engstrøm Thomas , Moschovitis Aris , Pedrazzini Giovanni , Wenaweser Peter , Kornowski Ran , Weber Klaus , Lüscher Thomas F. , Matter Christian M. , Meier Bernhard , Jüni Peter , Windecker Stephan
Published: May 2014

Background—

This study sought to determine whether the 1-year differences in major adverse cardiac event between a stent eluting biolimus from a biodegradable polymer and bare-metal stents (BMSs) in the COMFORTABLE trial (Comparison of Biolimus Eluted From an Erodible Stent Coating With Bare Metal Stents in Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) were sustained during long-term follow-up.

Methods and Results—

A total of 1161 patients were randomly assigned to biolimus-eluting stent (BES) and BMS at 11 centers, and follow-up rates at 2 years were 96.3%. A subgroup of 103 patients underwent angiography at 13 months. At 2 years, differences in the primary end point of cardiac death, target-vessel myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization continued to diverge in favor of BES-treated patients (5.8%) compared with BMS-treated patients (11.9%; hazard ratio=0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.31–0.72;
P
<0.001) with a significant risk reduction during the second year of follow-up (hazard ratio 1–2 years=0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.20–1.00;
P
=0.049). Differences in the primary end point were driven by a reduction in target lesion revascularization (3.1% versus 8.2%;
P
<0.001) and target-vessel reinfarction (1.3% versus 3.4%;
P
=0.023). The composite of death, any reinfarction and revascularization (14.5% versus 19.3%;
P
=0.03), and cardiac death or target-vessel myocardial infarction (4.2% versus 7.2%;
P
=0.036) were less frequent among BES-treated patients compared with BMS-treated patients. The 13-month angiographic in-stent percent diameter stenosis amounted to 12.0±7.2 in BES- and 39.6±25.2 in BMS-treated lesions (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—

Among patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, BES continued to improve cardiovascular events compared with BMS beyond 1 year.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NTC00962416.
Effect of Genetic Variants Associated With Plasma Homocysteine Levels on Stroke Risk
Authors: Cotlarciuc Ioana , Malik Rainer , Holliday Elizabeth G. , Ahmadi Kourosh R. , Paré Guillaume , Psaty Bruce M. , Fornage Myriam , Hasan Nazeeha , Rinne Paul E. , Ikram M. Arfan , Markus Hugh S. , Rosand Jonathan , Mitchell Braxton D. , Kittner Steven J. , Meschia James F. , van Meurs Joyce B.J. , Uitterlinden Andre G. , Worrall Bradford B. , Dichgans Martin , Sharma Pankaj
Published: May 2014

Background and Purpose—

Elevated total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) levels are known to be associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke (IS). Given that both tHcy and IS are heritable traits, we investigated a potential genetic relationship between homocysteine levels and stroke risk by assessing 18 polymorphisms previously associated with tHcy levels for their association with IS and its subtypes.

Methods—

Previous meta-analysis results from an international stroke collaborative network, METASTROKE, were used to assess association of the 18 tHcy-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 12 389 IS cases and 62 004 controls. We also investigated the associations in regions located within 50 kb from the 18 tHcy-related SNPs and the association of a genetic risk score, including the 18 SNPs.

Results—

One SNP located in the
RASIP1
gene and a cluster of 3 SNPs located at and near
SLC17A3
were significantly associated with IS (
P
<0.0003) after correcting for multiple testing. For stroke subtypes, the sentinel SNP located upstream of
MUT
was significantly associated with small-vessel disease (
P
=0.0022), whereas 1 SNP located in
MTHFR
was significantly associated with large-vessel disease (
P
=0.00019). A genetic risk score, including the 18 SNPs, did not show significant association with IS or its subtypes.

Conclusions—

This study found several potential associations with IS and its subtypes: an association of an
MUT
variant with small-vessel disease, an
MTHFR
variant with large-vessel disease, and associations of
RASIP1
and
SLC17A3
variants with overall IS.
Religious Discourse in Nineteenth-century Ontario
Authors: Kassam Meenaz
Published: May 2014

Max Weber’s ethos of work was not an integral part of the pre-industrial culture of Ontario. It had to be inculcated to encourage the formation of a culture conducive to the industrial era. This article examines the formative role of religious discourse in fostering just such a work ethic by considering sermons, diaries, manuscripts, and other publications preserved in the archives of Anglican, Presbyterian, and United (Methodist) churches. It also analyzes denominational literature, which played an important role in shaping the popular culture in an industrializing Ontario (1885–1910). Alternative voices, which challenged the nascent ethos of industrialization, are also examined. This article finds that values promoting an emerging industrial order were prominent in sermons of the era, which often dealt with issues of social control, justification of social inequities, and the development of an appropriate work ethic.
Effect of Fluoridated Sealants on Adjacent Tooth Surfaces
Authors: Cagetti M.G. , Carta G. , Cocco F. , Sale S. , Congiu G. , Mura A. , Strohmenger L. , Lingström P. , Campus G. ,   Italian Experimental Group on Oral Health, Bossù M. , Campus G. , Cagetti M.G. , Caria G.P. , Carta G. , Cocco F. , Congiu G. , Conti G. , Corridone D. , Lingström P. , Mastroberardino S. , Mura A. , Polimeni A. , Sale S. , Sanna G. , Strohmenger L.
Published: May 2014

A double-blind randomized clinical trial was performed in 6- to 7-yr-old schoolchildren to evaluate, in a 30-mo period, whether the caries increment on the distal surface of the second primary molars adjacent to permanent first molars sealed with fluoride release compounds would be lower with respect to those adjacent to permanent first molars sealed with a nonfluoridated sealant. In sum, 2,776 subjects were enrolled and randomly divided into 3 groups receiving sealants on sound first molars: high-viscosity glass ionomer cement (GIC group); resin-based sealant with fluoride (fluoride-RB group); and a resin-based sealant without fluoride (RB group). Caries (D1 – D3 level) was recorded on the distal surface of the second primary molar, considered the unit of analysis including only sound surfaces at the baseline. At baseline, no differences in caries prevalence were recorded in the 3 groups regarding the considered surfaces. At follow-up, the prevalence of an affected unit of analysis was statistically lower ( p = .03) in the GIC and fluoride-RB groups ( p = .04). In the GIC group, fewer new caries were observed in the unit of analysis respect to the other 2 groups. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were 0.70 (95% confidence interval: 0.50, 0.68; p < .01) for GIC vs. RB and 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.53, 1.04; p = .005) for fluoride-RB vs. RB. Caries incidence was significantly associated with low socioeconomic status (IRR = 1.18; 95% confidence interval: 1.10, 1.42; p = .05). Dental sealant high-viscosity GIC and fluoride-RB demonstrated protection against dental caries, and there was evidence that these materials afforded additional protection for the tooth nearest to the sealed tooth (clinical trial registration NCT01588210).
Sudden natural death masquerading as accidental death – a case report
Authors: Praveen S , Kamath Sulatha , Usha M , Akshith
Published: May 2014

Things are not always what they seem at first sight. One should always be on the watch for more than presents itself as the main issue in the investigation of crime. Whenever a person dies at the scene of accident, it is inferred that the accident caused the death. But that does not mean that the inference is correct. A person who was suspected to have met with a road traffic accident after autopsy turned out to be a case of sudden natural death due to acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis. The case is reported as it is of medico-legal interest because a natural death appeared to be due to a traffic accident.
Strip-tract revascularization as a source of recurrent venous reflux following high saphenous tie and stripping: results at 5–8 years after surgery
Authors: Ostler Alexandra E , Holdstock Judy M , Harrison Charmaine C , Price Barrie A , Whiteley Mark S
Published: May 2014

Objective

We have previously reported strip-tract revascularization 1 year following high saphenous ligation and inversion stripping. This study reports the 5–8 year results in the same cohort.

Methods

Between 2000 and 2003, 72 patients presented with primary varicose veins and had undergone high saphenous ligation and inversion stripping plus phlebectomies with or without subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery. Of the 64 patients who had attended for follow-up at 1 year, 35 patients (male:female, 16:19; 39 legs) underwent duplex ultrasonography 5–8 years after surgery (response rate 55%). Duplex ultrasonography was performed and all strip-tract revascularization and reflux and groin neovascularization was documented.

Results

Eighty-two percent of legs of patients showed some evidence of strip-tract revascularization and reflux. Full and partial strip-tract revascularization and reflux was seen in 12.8% and 59% of limbs of patients, respectively, and 10.2% limbs of patients had neovascularization only at the saphenofemoral junction only. Seven limbs of patients showed no revascularization.

Conclusion

Five to eight years after high saphenous tie and stripping, 82% of legs of patients showed some strip-tract revascularization and reflux and 12% showed total revascularization and reflux of the stripped great saphenous vein.
Linking rural assets to market demand: Wealth creation value chains in rural America
Authors: Ratner Shanna , Markley Deborah
Published: May 2014

Rural regions across the United States have struggled to implement economic development strategies that build local assets and create wealth that contributes to sustained prosperity. This article describes a systems framework that enables rural areas to build multiple forms of wealth and provides expanded demand-driven opportunities for economically isolated individuals, businesses and communities. The characteristics of wealth creation value chains and the early results from the implementation of the framework in two regions in the United States are shared.
Patterns of dignity-related distress at the end of life: A cross-sectional study of patients with advanced cancer and care home residents
Authors: Hall Sue , Davies Joanna M , Gao Wei , Higginson Irene J
Published: May 2014

Background:

To provide effective palliative care in different settings, it is important to understand and identify the sources of dignity-related distress experienced by people nearing the end of life.

Aim:

To describe and compare the sources of dignity-related distress reported by cancer patients and care home residents.

Design:

Secondary analysis of merged data. Participants completed the Patient Dignity Inventory (assessing 25 sources of dignity-related distress) and measures of quality of life and depression.

Setting/participants:

A total of 45 adult patients with advanced cancer referred to hospital-based palliative care teams in London, United Kingdom, and 60 residents living in one of 15 care homes in London.

Results:

Care home residents were older and had poorer functioning. Both groups reported a wide range of dignity-related problems. Although the number or problems reported on the Patient Dignity Inventory was similar for the two groups (mean (standard deviation): 5.9 (5.5) for cancer patients and 4.1 (4.3) for care home residents, p = 0.07), there was a tendency for more cancer patients to report some existential problems. Experiencing physically distressing symptoms and functional limitations were prevalent problems for both groups. Patient Dignity Inventory problems were associated with poorer performance status and functioning for residents, with age and cognitive impairment for cancer patients and with poorer quality of life and depression for both groups.

Conclusion:

Although characteristics of the samples differed, similarities in the dignity-related problems reported by cancer patients and care home residents support research suggesting a common pathway towards death for malignant and non-malignant disease. A wider understanding of the sources of dignity-related distress would help clinicians provide more effective end-of-life care.
A State-Level Examination of Bureaucratic Policymaking
Authors: Terman Jessica
Published: May 2014

Bureaucrats have considerable formal policymaking authority. Yet policymaking discussions often overlook the role that bureaucrats play in the policy process. Current theories suggest that bureaucratic policymaking outputs are shaped largely by political signals sent by elected officials. While these external influences are crucial, current theories understate the role of internal organizational dynamics. This study builds on the bureaucratic response and organizational attention literatures to differentiate internally organized attention from externally organized attention in public agencies. It then conceptualizes two ways that public managers can internally organize agency attention to influence formal bureaucratic policymaking in the context of contracting and procurement. This study adds to the public management literature by showing how internal managerial strategies and activities can influence bureaucratic outputs.
A geometric index to differentiate abnormal from normal septal wall motion on cardiac MRI
Authors: Secchi Francesco , Resta Elda Chiara , Giardino Antonello , Di Leo Giovanni , Bandera Francesco , Guazzi Marco , Sardanelli Francesco
Published: May 2014

Background

The definition of abnormal septal wall motion (SWM) is usually performed on a subjective visual assessment with cardiac MR (CMR).

Purpose

To quantify SWM using a geometric index and to compare this index to the visual inspection in patients with or without abnormal SWM.

Material and Methods

Cine CMR images of 100 consecutive patients were retrospectively assessed for visual evaluation of SWM and calculation of a convexity septal index (CSI) on mid-ventricular short-axis images, defined as b/ a ( a = minimal distance from anterior to posterior ventricular junctions; b = maximal distance from septum to a), obtained in end-systole (ES) and end-diastole (ED). Cohen κ, Bland-Altman method, Kruskall-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, Jonckheere-Terpstra, and Spearman statistics were used to compare the two methods.

Results

At visual evaluation, 73 patients had normal SWM (group A), nine abnormal SWM at ES (group B), and 18 at ES and ED (group C). Median CSI for group A was significantly higher (ES = 0.23, ED = 0.25) than those for group B and C (0.10–0.15) ( P < 0.001). Inter-reader reproducibility of visual evaluation was high (κ = 0.841, P < 0.001) while that for CSI was 77%. Average time for visual analysis was 3 min, for quantitative analysis 4 min.

Conclusion

CSI is a simple and reproducible way to quantify SWM. ED CSI seems to be sensitive in detecting abnormal SWM in patients with apparently normal SWM at visual evaluation.
Reference Ranges of Fetal Cisterna Magna Length and Area Measurements by 3-Dimensional Ultrasonography Using the Multiplanar Mode
Authors: Passos Ana Paula , Araujo Júnior Edward , Bruns Rafael Frederico , Nardozza Luciano Marcondes Machado , Moron Antonio Fernandes
Published: May 2014

This study aimed to establish reference values for the length and area of the fetal cisterna magna using the multiplanar mode of 3-dimensional ultrasonography. A cross-sectional study including 224 normal pregnant women between 17 weeks 0 days and 29 weeks 6 days of gestation was carried out. The area and length of the fetal cisterna magna were measured in the axial plane at the level of the cerebellar transverse diameter. Reliability was determined by intraclass correlation coefficient. The mean length and area of the fetal cisterna magna ranged from 0.50 ± 0.10 to 0.79 ± 0.18 cm and 0.95 ± 0.18 to 3.09 ± 0.62 cm2, respectively. Intraobserver reliability for the length and area (intraclass coefficients: 0.86 and 0.91, respectively) and interobserver reliability (intraclass coefficients: 0.64 and 0.82, respectively) were good. Three-dimensional ultrasonography using the multiplanar mode is a reliable method for the determination of reference values for the length and area of the fetal cisterna magna.
Postcesarean Section Skin-to-Skin Contact of Mother and Child
Authors: de Alba-Romero Concepción , Camaño-Gutiérrez Isabel , López-Hernández Paloma , de Castro-Fernández Javier , Barbero-Casado Patricia , Salcedo-Vázquez Maria Luisa , Sánchez-López Dolores , Cantero-Arribas Pilar , Moral-Pumarega Maria Teresa , Pallás-Alonso Carmen Rosa
Published: May 2014

The first hour postpartum is critical for long-term, healthy development. At 12 de Octubre Hospital, Madrid, Spain, we developed and implemented a multidisciplinary strategy based on a consensual, participatory protocol for all health care professionals involved in cesarean deliveries. Our aims were 2-fold: the initiation of skin-to-skin (StS) contact with the newborn immediately after birth, regardless of the feeding method chosen, and the recognition of the importance of a companion present for support during the cesarean section (father or other designated by the mother). The objective of this article is to describe a policy developed to ensure timely postcesarean StS contact. Our protocol for neonatal StS contact with the mother is based on reported benefits found in literature, the World Health Organization’s international recommendations, and deep respect for a process that is both natural and instinctive. We call it “humanizing the cesarean.”
Statistical methods for the analysis of clinical trials data containing many zeros: An application in vaccine development
Authors: Callegaro Andrea , Kassapian Marie , Zahaf Toufik , Tibaldi Fabián
Published: May 2014

In recent years, many vaccines have been developed for the prevention of a variety of diseases. Many of these vaccines, like the one for herpes zoster, are supposed to act in a multilevel way. Ideally, they completely prevent expression of the virus, but failing that they help to reduce the severity of the disease. A simple approach to analyze these data is the so-called burden-of-illness test. The method assigns a score, say W, equal to 0 for the uninfected and a post-infection outcome X > 0 for the infected individuals. One of the limitations of this test is the potential low power when the vaccine efficacy is close to 0. To overcome this limitation, we propose a Fisher adjusted test where we combine a statistic for infection with a statistic for post-infection outcome adjusted for selection bias. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods proposed in the literature are discussed. We compared the methods via simulations in herpes zoster, HIV, and malaria vaccine trial settings. In addition, we applied these methods to published data on HIV vaccine. The paper ends with some recommendations and conclusions.
A unified viscoplastic constitutive model with damage for multi-axial creep–fatigue loading
Authors: Wang WZ , Buhl P , Klenk A
Published: May 2014

A unified viscoplastic constitutive model with damage is presented to describe creep–fatigue deformation behavior. The primary improvement on the existing models is to introduce creep and fatigue damage variables into the constitutive equations of adapted complexity. The material model, which is developed from the thermodynamic framework, combines nonlinear isotropic and kinematic hardening variables, and is implemented using a user-defined subroutine. A standard specimen and a hollow cylinder are used to carry out uniaxial and multi-axial creep–fatigue tests to validate the material model. Good agreement is obtained between the simulation and the measurement under various thermo-mechanical loading paths.
Cross-Cultural Attachment, Internationalization, and Systems Theory
Authors: Moro Regina R. , Scherer Rebecca G.
Published: May 2014

In this article, Regina R. Moro and Rebecca G. Scherer interview Dr. Kok-Mun Ng on the topics of cross-cultural attachment, the internationalization of the counseling profession, and the importance of systems theory.
Between Consensus and Denial
Authors: Brüggemann Michael , Engesser Sven
Published: May 2014

This study focuses on climate journalists as key mediators between science and the public sphere. It surveys journalists from five countries and five types of leading news outlets. Despite their different contexts, journalists form an interpretive community sharing the scientific consensus on anthropogenic climate change and agreeing on how to handle climate change skeptics. This consensus is particularly strong among a core of prolific writers while climate change skepticism persists among a periphery of occasional writers. The journalists’ attitudes toward climate change are connected to their usage of sources, indicating that interpretive communities include journalists and scientists.
Nonlinear random response and fatigue life estimation of curved panels to non-uniform temperature field and acoustic loadings
Authors: Sha Yun-dong , Zhu Lin , Jie Xiao-bo , Luan Xiao-chi , Feng Fei-fei
Published: May 2014

Nonlinear random response and fatigue life estimation of the skin panels of hypersonic flight vehicles at elevated temperatures and high intensity acoustic loadings have become a matter of considerable importance in recent years. Finite element equations are presented for the prediction of nonlinear responses of curved panels under combined thermo-acoustic loadings. Thermal loading with a non-uniform temperature field is considered, and band limited Gaussian white noise is chosen as random acoustic loading. A numerical integration is applied to determine random response. Thermal buckling temperature and thermal buckling deflections are obtained to explain the snap-through phenomenon. The modal frequency of the vibration about the thermally buckled equilibrium position is studied, which shows great difference between the primary and secondary buckled equilibrium position of curved panels. Displacement and stress response obtained show nonlinear characteristics of curved panels under thermo-acoustic loadings. Stress-life (S-N) curves and rainflow counting method are combined by means of damage accumulation theory and mean stress model to predict curved panel fatigue life. The results show that the fatigue life estimation of the curved panel by using the Smith-Watson-Topper model is more conservative.
First passion: Wonder in organizational inquiry
Authors: Carlsen Arne , Sandelands Lloyd
Published: May 2014

Wonder is the first passion in all inquiry and our reason to know, yet a phenomenon that is largely neglected in organizational research. Taking a relational and process approach, we develop a theory for the role of wonder in organizational inquiry. We propose that wonder in inquiry unfolds as a twofold movement between receptive appreciation and self-transcendent search, and we chart wonder’s course in four stages or “moments” of arousal, expansion, immersion, and explanation. Examples from generative experiences in qualitative research, hydrocarbon exploration, and feature journalism are used to illustrate and qualify this theory. At last, we emphasize main implications for organization studies in the importance of wondering together, of upholding the mysteries of wonder, and of keeping wonder alive in our conversations.
The role of satisfaction with social support in perceived burden and stress of parents of six-month-old infants with a congenital anomaly
Authors: Fonseca Ana , Nazaré Bárbara , Canavarro Maria Cristina
Published: May 2014

This exploratory study examined the role of satisfaction with support from family and friends on the burden and stress of parents of infants with a congenital anomaly (CA). The effects of social support were examined within the couple (actor and partner effects). A total of 36 couples whose six-month-old infant has a CA participated in this study. The parents completed questionnaires regarding satisfaction with support, burden (Impact on Family Scale – Revised), and parenting stress (Parenting Stress Index). The results showed that fathers directly benefited from the support they received from friends in reducing their burden, while mothers only indirectly benefited from it through the father’s adjustment. The pattern was different for stress: mothers directly benefited from the support they received from their family in reducing their stress levels, while fathers benefited both directly from the support they received from friends and indirectly from the support that their partners received from family. These results highlight that (1) the different support needs of mothers and fathers (due to their different roles during transition to parenthood) and (2) the diffusion of benefits of social support within the couple should be taken into account when developing strategies to promote support to families of six-month-old infants with a CA.
Individual choice and social values: Choice in the agrifood sector
Authors: Busch Lawrence
Published: May 2014

In his celebrated 1951 work, Social Choice and Individual Values, economist Kenneth Arrow asked how the values of individuals might be aggregated into a social choice. Today, we live in a world in which choice is celebrated as a virtually undiluted good. Indeed, in the agrifood sector in much of the world, there is considerable evidence that the range of choices has increased markedly in the last 30 years. In much of the world today, we can choose from a vast array of items in the local supermarket, as well as from a range of restaurants that differ on price, quality, and ethnic or regional specialties. Consumer choice is also seen as a means of promoting fair trade, animal welfare, geographically specific food and agricultural products such as wines and cheeses, and fair labor practices, as well as protecting the environment and biodiversity, among other things. In short, choice is seen as both “revealing preferences” of consumers as well as their ethical stances with respect to various issues facing the world today. But all this assumes that choices are individual. It not only accepts the methodological individualism common to mainstream economics and psychology as a research strategy, but assumes that it provides an adequate means of understanding and organizing the world. However, if we reject that individualism as both research strategy and social project, and grant that humans are social beings, then appropriate food choices are learned through a complex process of interaction. One might say that the Arrow points the other way: individual choices are and must be based on socially held, shared values. Governing this process requires rethinking and revisioning the future of agriculture and food.