bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal changes in black carbon footprint on the Antarctic Peninsula due to rising shipborne tourism and forest fires
Authors: Magalhães Newton , Evangelista Heitor , Gonçalves Sérgio J. , Alencar Alexandre S. , do Santos Elaine Alves , Cataldo Márcio , McConnell Joseph R. , Silveira Renata Simões , Mayewski Paul A. , Potocki Mariusz , Simões Jefferson C. , Jaña Ricardo
Published: October 2024

Refractory black carbon (rBC) has great potential to increase melting when deposited on snow and ice surfaces. Previous studies attributed sources and impacts of rBC in the northern Antarctic Peninsula region by investigating long-range atmospheric transport from South Hemisphere biomass burning and industrial regions or by assessing impacts from local tourism and research activities. We used high-resolution measurements of refractory rBC in a firn core collected near the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, as well as atmospheric rBC from Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2, satellite measurements, modeling, burned area data, and tourism statistics, to assess combined impacts of both long-range transported rBC and locally emitted rBC. Our findings suggest that tourism activities have a regional rather than local impact and the increase in rBC concentrations during late spring-summer, influenced by tourism activities and fires in the Southern Hemisphere, can enhance ice melt. This highlights the need for strategies to reduce local and distant rBC emissions.
Ferric iron stabilization at deep magma ocean conditions
Authors: Zhang Hongluo L. , Hirschmann Marc M. , Lord Oliver T. , Rosenthal Anja , Yaroslavtsev Sergey , Cottrell Elizabeth , Chumakov Alexandr I. , Walter Michael J.
Published: October 2024

Fe
2
O
3
produced in a deep magma ocean in equilibrium with core-destined alloy sets the early redox budget and atmospheric composition of terrestrial planets. Previous experiments (≤28 gigapascals) and first-principles calculations indicate that a deep terrestrial magma ocean produces appreciable Fe
3+
but predict Fe
3+
/ΣFe ratios that conflict by an order of magnitude. We present Fe
3+
/ΣFe of glasses quenched from melts equilibrated with Fe alloy at 38 to 71 gigapascals, 3600 to 4400 kelvin, analyzed by synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy. These indicate Fe
3+
/ΣFe of 0.056 to 0.112 in a terrestrial magma ocean with mean alloy-silicate equilibration pressures of 28 to 53 gigapascals, producing sufficient Fe
2
O
3
to account for the modern bulk silicate Earth redox budget and surficial conditions near or more oxidizing than the iron-wüstite buffer, which would stabilize a primitive CO- and H
2
O-rich atmosphere.
Directly monitoring the dynamic in vivo metabolisms of hyperpolarized
13
C-oligopeptides
Authors: Kondo Yohei , Saito Yutaro , Seki Tomohiro , Takakusagi Yoichi , Koyasu Norikazu , Saito Keita , Morimoto Jumpei , Nonaka Hiroshi , Miyanishi Koichiro , Mizukami Wataru , Negoro Makoto , Elhelaly Abdelazim E. , Hyodo Fuminori , Matsuo Masayuki , Raju Natarajan , Swenson Rolf E. , Krishna Murali C. , Yamamoto Kazutoshi , Sando Shinsuke
Published: October 2024

Peptides play essential roles in biological phenomena, and, thus, there is a growing interest in detecting in vivo dynamics of peptide metabolisms. Dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP) is a state-of-the-art technology that can markedly enhance the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), providing metabolic and physiological information in vivo. However, the hyperpolarized state exponentially decays back to the thermal equilibrium, depending on the spin-lattice relaxation time (
T
1
). Because of the limitation in
T
1
, peptide-based DNP NMR molecular probes applicable in vivo have been limited to amino acids or dipeptides. Here, we report the direct detection of in vivo metabolic conversions of hyperpolarized
13
C-oligopeptides. Structure-based
T
1
relaxation analysis suggests that the C-terminal [1-
13
C]Gly-
d
2
residue affords sufficient
T
1
for biological uses, even in relatively large oligopeptides, and allowed us to develop
13
C-β-casomorphin-5 and
13
C-glutathione. It was found that the metabolic response and perfusion of the hyperpolarized
13
C-glutathione in the mouse kidney were significantly altered in a model of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury.
Dynamics of RNA localization to nuclear speckles are connected to splicing efficiency
Authors: Wu Jinjun , Xiao Yu , Liu Yunzheng , Wen Li , Jin Chuanyang , Liu Shun , Paul Sneha , He Chuan , Regev Oded , Fei Jingyi
Published: October 2024

Nuclear speckles are nuclear membraneless organelles in higher eukaryotic cells playing a vital role in gene expression. Using an in situ reverse transcription–based sequencing method, we study nuclear speckle–associated human transcripts. Our data indicate the existence of three gene groups whose transcripts demonstrate different speckle localization properties: stably enriched in nuclear speckles, transiently enriched in speckles at the pre–messenger RNA stage, and not enriched. We find that stably enriched transcripts contain inefficiently excised introns and that disruption of nuclear speckles specifically affects splicing of speckle-enriched transcripts. We further reveal RNA sequence features contributing to transcript speckle localization, indicating a tight interplay between transcript speckle enrichment, genome organization, and splicing efficiency. Collectively, our data highlight a role of nuclear speckles in both co- and posttranscriptional splicing regulation. Last, we show that genes with stably enriched transcripts are over-represented among genes with heat shock–up-regulated intron retention, hinting at a connection between speckle localization and cellular stress response.
Small molecules from antibody pharmacophores (SMAbPs) as a hit identification workflow for immune checkpoints
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Somaya A. , Gabr Moustafa T.
Published: October 2024

Small-molecule modulators of immune checkpoints are poised to revolutionize cancer immunotherapy. However, efficient strategies for hit identification are lacking. We introduce small molecules from antibody pharmacophores (SMAbPs), a workflow leveraging cocrystal structures of checkpoints with antibodies to create pharmacophore maps for virtual screening. Applying SMAbPs to five immune checkpoints yielded hits with submicromolar potency in both cell-free and cellular assays. Notably, SMAbPs identified the most potent T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 and V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) inhibitors reported to date and first-in-class modulators of B and T lymphocyte attenuator, 4-IBB, and CD27. Targeting inhibitory and costimulatory checkpoints with hits identified through SMAbPs demonstrated remarkable in vivo antitumor activity, exemplified by MG-V-53 (VISTA inhibitor) and MG-C-30 (CD27 agonist), which significantly reduced tumor volumes in MC38 and EG7-OVA mouse models, respectively.
Small sharks, big problems: DNA analysis of small fins reveals trade regulation gaps and burgeoning trade in juvenile sharks
Authors: Cardeñosa Diego , Babcock Elizabeth A. , Shea Stanley K. , Zhang Huarong , Feldheim Kevin A. , Gale Stephan W. , Mills DeEtta , Chapman Demian D.
Published: October 2024

Many shark species have been overexploited for international markets, including fins for shark fin soup in Southeast Asia. Previous studies highlighted the value of large, threatened shark species, regulated under CITES Appendix II. However, sampling biases may have overlooked small shark species. Here, we address this by identifying species from ~4000 small shark fins in Hong Kong. These fins included species not recorded in previous surveys, raising the market’s species diversity to 106. Nearly 75% of the small fins came from small shark species and 58.1% of small species were threatened with extinction. We identified an important CITES listing gap: Trade in 19 small, threatened species, especially from the family Triakidae, is unregulated. In addition, a quarter of small fins come from large sharks, indicating that substantial exploitation of juveniles is occurring and may be affecting fisheries sustainability. Enhanced surveillance of small shark fin trade is essential to ensure effective conservation under emerging trade regulations.
High-resolution outdoor videography of insects using Fast Lock-On tracking
Authors: Vo-Doan T. Thang , Titov Victor V. , Harrap Michael J. M. , Lochner Stephan , Straw Andrew D.
Published: October 2024

Insects have important roles globally in ecology, economy, and health, yet our understanding of their behavior remains limited. Bees, for example, use vision and a tiny brain to find flowers and return home, but understanding how they perform these impressive tasks has been hampered by limitations in recording technology. Here, we present Fast Lock-On (FLO) tracking. This method moves an image sensor to remain focused on a retroreflective marker affixed to an insect. Using paraxial infrared illumination, simple image processing can localize the sensor location of the insect in a few milliseconds. When coupled with a feedback system to steer a high-magnification optical system to remain focused on the insect, a high–spatiotemporal resolution trajectory can be gathered over a large region. As the basis for several robotic systems, we show that FLO is a versatile idea that can be used in combination with other components. We demonstrate that the optical path can be split and used for recording high-speed video. Furthermore, by flying an FLO system on a quadcopter drone, we track a flying honey bee and anticipate tracking insects in the wild over kilometer scales. Such systems have the capability to provide higher-resolution information about insects behaving in natural environments and as such will be helpful in revealing the biomechanical and neuroethological mechanisms used by insects in natural settings.
Follistatin drives neuropathic pain in mice through IGF1R signaling in nociceptive neurons
Authors: Jiang Bao-Chun , Ling Yue-Juan , Xu Meng-Lin , Gu Jun , Wu Xiao-Bo , Sha Wei-Lin , Tian Tian , Bai Xue-Hui , Li Nan , Jiang Chang-Yu , Chen Ouyang , Ma Ling-Jie , Zhang Zhi-Jun , Qin Yi-Bin , Zhu Meixuan , Yuan Hong-Jie , Wu Long-Jun , Ji Ru-Rong , Gao Yong-Jing
Published: October 2024

Neuropathic pain is a debilitating chronic condition that lacks effective treatment. The role of cytokine- and chemokine-mediated neuroinflammation in its pathogenesis has been well documented. Follistatin (FST) is a secreted protein known to antagonize the biological activity of cytokines in the transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) superfamily. The involvement of FST in neuropathic pain and the underlying mechanism remain largely unknown. Here, we report that FST was up-regulated in A-fiber sensory neurons after spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in mice. Inhibition or deletion of FST alleviated neuropathic pain and reduced the nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability induced by SNL. Conversely, intrathecal or intraplantar injection of recombinant FST, or overexpression of FST in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, induced pain hypersensitivity. Furthermore, exogenous FST increased neuronal excitability in nociceptive neurons. The biolayer interferometry (BLI) assay and coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) demonstrated direct binding of FST to the insulin-like growth factor–1 receptor (IGF1R), and IGF1R inhibition reduced FST-induced activation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (AKT), as well as neuronal hyperexcitability. Further co-IP analysis revealed that the N-terminal domain of FST exhibits the highest affinity for IGF1R, and blocking this interaction with a peptide derived from FST attenuated Nav1.7-mediated neuronal hyperexcitability and neuropathic pain after SNL. In addition, FST enhanced neuronal excitability in human DRG neurons through IGF1R. Collectively, our findings suggest that FST, released from A-fiber neurons, enhances Nav1.7-mediated hyperexcitability of nociceptive neurons by binding to IGF1R, making it a potential target for neuropathic pain treatment.
High-fidelity PAMless base editing of hematopoietic stem cells to treat chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: Bzhilyanskaya Vera , Ma Linyuan , Liu Siyuan , Fox Lauren R. , Whittaker Madelynn N. , Meis Ronald J. , Choi Uimook , Lawson Amanda , Ma Michelle , Theobald Narda , Burkett Sandra , Sweeney Colin L. , Lazzarotto Cicera R. , Tsai Shengdar Q. , Lack Justin B. , Wu Xiaolin , Dahl Gary A. , Malech Harry L. , Kleinstiver Benjamin P. , De Ravin Suk See
Published: October 2024

X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD) is an inborn error of immunity (IEI) resulting from genetic mutations in the cytochrome b-245 beta chain (
CYBB
) gene. The applicability of base editors (BEs) to correct mutations that cause X-CGD is constrained by the requirement of Cas enzymes to recognize specific protospacer adjacent motifs (PAMs). Our recently engineered PAMless Cas enzyme, SpRY, can overcome the PAM limitation. However, the efficiency, specificity, and applicability of SpRY-based BEs to correct mutations in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) have not been thoroughly examined. Here, we demonstrated that the adenine BE ABE8e-SpRY can access a range of target sites in HSPCs to correct mutations causative of X-CGD. For the prototypical X-CGD mutation
CYBB
c.676C>T, ABE8e-SpRY achieved up to 70% correction, reaching efficiencies greater than three-and-one-half times higher than previous CRISPR nuclease and donor template approaches. We profiled potential off-target DNA edits, transcriptome-wide RNA edits, and chromosomal perturbations in base-edited HSPCs, which together revealed minimal off-target or bystander edits. Edited alleles persisted after transplantation of the base-edited HSPCs into immunodeficient mice. Together, these investigational new drug–enabling studies demonstrated efficient and precise correction of an X-CGD mutation with PAMless BEs, supporting a first-in-human clinical trial (NCT06325709) and providing a potential blueprint for treatment of other IEI mutations.
Human OX40L–CAR-T
regs
target activated antigen-presenting cells and control T cell alloreactivity
Authors: Rui Xianliang , Alvarez Calderon Francesca , Wobma Holly , Gerdemann Ulrike , Albanese Alexandre , Cagnin Lorenzo , McGuckin Connor , Michaelis Katherine A. , Naqvi Kisa , Blazar Bruce R. , Tkachev Victor , Kean Leslie S.
Published: October 2024

Regulatory T cells (T
regs
) make major contributions to immune homeostasis. Because T
reg
dysfunction can lead to both allo- and autoimmunity, there is interest in correcting these disorders through T
reg
adoptive transfer. Two of the central challenges in clinically deploying T
reg
cellular therapies are ensuring phenotypic stability and maximizing potency. Here, we describe an approach to address both issues through the creation of OX40 ligand (OX40L)–specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–T
regs
under the control of a synthetic forkhead box P3 (
FOXP3
) promoter. The creation of these CAR-T
regs
enabled selective T
reg
stimulation by engagement of OX40L, a key activation antigen in alloimmunity, including both graft-versus-host disease and solid organ transplant rejection, and autoimmunity, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. We demonstrated that OX40L–CAR-T
regs
were robustly activated in the presence of OX40L-expressing cells, leading to up-regulation of T
reg
suppressive proteins without induction of proinflammatory cytokine production. Compared with control T
regs
, OX40L–CAR-T
regs
more potently suppressed alloreactive T cell proliferation in vitro and were directly inhibitory toward activated monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). We identified trogocytosis as one of the central mechanisms by which these CAR-T
regs
effectively decrease extracellular display of OX40L, resulting in decreased DC stimulatory capacity. OX40L–CAR-T
regs
demonstrated an enhanced ability to control xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease compared with control T
regs
without abolishing the graft-versus-leukemia effect. These results suggest that OX40L–CAR-T
regs
may have wide applicability as a potent cellular therapy to control both allo- and autoimmune diseases.
Supplemental Material: The Cambrian of the Grand Canyon: Refinement of a Classic Stratigraphic Model
Authors: Dehler Carola E. , Sundberg Frederick , Karlstrom Karl , Crossey Laura , Schmitz Mark , Rowland Stephen , Hagadorn James W.
Published: October 2024

Figures S1 and S2: Maps of measured sections and disconformity images. Tables S1–S3: Facies, fossil localities, and C-isotope data tables.
Research on Intelligent Mining Algorithm of English Translation Text Big Data Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Xuan Hanjing
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the translation of English texts by a deep learning algorithm, which aims to intelligently extract relevant records from a large corpus of English-translated texts, especially its shortcomings in processing difficult texts and dealing with long-term dependencies. This research integrates the modern long short-term memory (LSTM) network framework, with the aim of improving the accuracy and processing efficiency of the translation. Using a large number of experimental facts, these LSTM models are comprehensively learned and rigorously optimized. The traditional approach is to adapt the style to the language-specific properties of the translated text, and then use a bunch of evaluation metrics to evaluate the overall performance of the model across a large number of text types. The results of this study show that the method significantly speeds up the extraction and processing of information while maintaining the integrity at the translation level. In addition, the study reveals deep learning models’ ability to recognize complex contextual nuances and subtle formulations of language expression. The results of this research are multifaceted, bringing great improvements to device translation structures and facilitating the development of state-of-the-art text content analysis tools. These advances apply primarily to sectors of considerable statistical volume and complexity, including the criminal, scientific, and technological fields. Therefore, this study lays a foundation for future exploration of improving device understanding of language and automation of translation methods in various professional fields.
Route Planning Method of UAV Patrol Based on High Precision Tower Model
Authors: Sun Junjie , Wu Bing , Yuan Xiang , Chen Keji
Published: October 2024

The high-precision positioning technology of industrial Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) plays a vital role in intelligent trajectory planning in power inspection. First, the information on power facilities is collected and processed to form a planning grid to optimize the flight path and correct the trajectory of UAV. However, the preparatory work is more complex, and the algorithm model which needs more detailed and complex terrain database data is not universal enough. To improve the safety of UAV and the efficiency of path planning, we establish a three-dimensional model of the power tower, calculate the coordinate position of the inspection work according to the information of the high-voltage transmission tower, and then determine the corresponding relationship between the inspection point and the flight trajectory combined with the safe distance. Based on the set of random interference semaphores and model rasterization, the discrete error strategy and Euler method are introduced to improve the performance. In each iteration, the best solution is first updated using the execution strategy. We continue to calculate the spatial coordinates of all reference points and provide the coordinate position distribution for the flight mission. The solution of equipment inspection trajectory optimization is realized by using dynamic obstacle perception. The proposed discrete measurement error self-correction algorithm is deployed on the flight platform to guide UAV inspection tasks according to the point cloud coordinate model of transmission equipment in the power system and to correct the flight route in time. To verify the research results, the Algorithm Artemisinin optimization and Whale Optimization Algorithm test verify that the ability of the proposed algorithm to get rid of local optimization is improved by 8.94% and, 12.42% respectively compared with other optimization algorithms. The convergence accuracy is 12.4% and 7.9% higher than other schemes, and it has a better effect in solving numerical problems. The research results using the embedded system to complete the task deployment and unloading provide a reference for trajectory planning and task design in different application scenarios.
The exact analytical solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional extended Korteweg–de Vries equation using bilinear neural network method and bilinear residual network method
Authors: Ma Zhimin , Liu Yuanlin , Wang Yongli
Published: October 2024

The [Formula: see text]-dimensional extended Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation is predominantly utilized to elucidate the propagation of waves that exhibit both dispersive and nonlinear characteristics within the domain of nonlinear physics. This paper employs the bilinear neural network method (BNNM) to derive the exact analytical solutions of the equation. By constructing various bilinear neural network models, we obtain lump solution, breather solution and periodic interaction solution of the equation. The bilinear residual network method (BRNM) is an extension of BNNM. We apply BRNM under specific constraints to obtain breather solution of the equation, thereby offering a broader conceptual framework. Subsequently, various 3D plots, contour plots, density plots and x-curves are used to illustrate the physical properties and dynamic behaviors of these waves.
Influence of magnetohydrodynamics and chemical reactions on oscillatory free convective flow through a vertical channel in a rotating system with variable permeability
Authors: Sharma Pawan K. , Sharma Bhupendra K. , Sharma Madhu , Almohsen Bandar , Laroze David , Saluja Rajesh Kumar
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the impact of variable permeability as well as chemical reactions on the oscillatory free convective flow that passes parallel porous flat plates with fluctuating temperature and concentration in the presence of a magnetic field. A vertical channel is assumed to be rotating at an angular velocity [Formula: see text]. Periodic free stream velocity causes oscillations in one plate, while periodic suction velocity causes oscillations in the other plate. Complex variable notations are used to solve the governing equations. The perturbation technique is used to derive analytical expressions for the temperature, concentration, and velocity fields. In this study, various parameters were investigated in relation to mean velocity, mean temperature, mean concentration, amplitude, and phase difference. The study also examines the impact on secondary velocity, primary velocity, temperature, concentration, and heat transfer rate during transients. The outcomes are presented graphically for the physical parameters of the problem. The findings contribute to optimizing systems and improving efficiency in heat transfer, fluid dynamics, and environmental remediation.
H‐Type Indices With Applications in Chemometrics: h‐Accuracy Index for Evaluating and Comparing Errors in Analytical Chemistry
Authors: Xu Lu , Bian Xihui , Yang Qin
Published: October 2024

Inspired by the popular h‐index in bibliometrics, the h‐accuracy index (HAI) was suggested as a new indicator to evaluate and compare errors in analytical chemistry. The HAI simultaneously considers the “trueness” of analytical measurements and the frequency of measurements with high “trueness”. The HAI was defined as if the “trueness” of at most M% of the total measurements is no less than M%, the value of HAI will be M%, where a specific definition of “trueness” was given to compute the HAI. The range of the HAI was between zero and one. The HAI was applied to two examples as a new error index: (1) to evaluate and compare the analytical results by different methods/labs and (2) to evaluate and compare the prediction performances of different multivariate calibration models. Data analysis indicated that the HAI was a reasonable, robust, easy‐to‐compute, and comprehensive index for evaluating and comparing errors in analytical chemistry. Moreover, the HAI could provide the information about how many measurements are good.
Miniaturize Dual‐Band Open‐Loop Resonator‐Based MIMO Antenna With Wide Bandwidth and High Gain
Authors: Chung Ming-An , Lin Chia-Wei , Yang Chih-Wei
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes and analyzes a 2 × 2 multi‐input multioutput antenna based on an open‐loop resonator structure and an inverted L structure. The top layer of the antenna uses symmetric inverted hook‐shaped and inverted L branches and is connected to the bottom layer of the dual‐feed port and the ground plane using the VIAs, respectively. The open‐loop resonator structure at the bottom of the antenna and the top layer of the branched circuit are resonated to provide wide‐bandwidth and dual‐frequency characteristics. The substrate uses FR4 with an area of 40 × 30 × 0.8 mm3. Although the two antenna feed ports are very close to each other, using via to connect the defective bottom ground structure and the top inverted L‐shaped branch, the isolation still achieves an excellent performance of 15 dB. The antenna has multiband application characteristics, and the bands include 2.29–5.51, 6.14–10.26, 2.29–5.33, 5.19–6.64, and 6.78–10.16 GHz. In pattern and MIMO transmission efficiency measurement, the peak radiation efficiency is 89%, the peak gain is 8.5 dBi, and the ECC is less than 0.034. In the transmission efficiency measurement mode using 64‐QAM, watching the error vector magnitude at 2.56 and 5.11 GHz, the demodulation effect is very good, and the respective throughput results are 100% and 79.2%. The broadband characteristics of the antenna have a variety of applications, and it is simulated at the specific absorption rate, which meets the standards set by the Federal Communications Commission and is very suitable for use in wearable devices. The antenna can be applied to the X‐band, n77, n79, Sub‐6 GHz, WiMax, DSRC, WiFi 6, WiFi 6E, WiFi 7, C‐V2X, and C‐band.
The Role of Gut Microbiota Modification in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Treatment Strategies
Authors: Yaghmaei Hessam , Bahanesteh Amirhossein , Soltanipur Masood , Takaloo Sobhan , Rezaei Mahdi , Siadat Seyed Davar
Published: October 2024

One of the most common chronic liver diseases is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which affects many people around the world. Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis seems to be an influential factor in the pathophysiology of NAFLD because changes in GM lead to fundamental changes in host metabolism. Therefore, the study of the effect of dysbiosis on the pathogenicity of NAFLD is important. European clinical guidelines state that the best advice for people with NAFLD is to lose weight and improve their lifestyle, but only 40% of people can achieve this goal. Accordingly, it is necessary to provide new treatment approaches for prevention and treatment. In addition to dietary interventions and lifestyle modifications, GM modification‐based therapies are of interest. These therapies include probiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and next‐generation probiotics. All of these treatments have had promising results in animal studies, and it can be imagined that acceptable results will be obtained in human studies as well. However, further investigations are required to generalize the outcomes of animal studies to humans.
Undetected Ocular Mass as a Critical Alert for Identifying Uveal Metastasis
Authors: Štrbac Tea , Kuzmanović Elabjer Biljana , Koprivanac Antun , Bušić Mladen
Published: October 2024

Purpose: We report our experience of diagnosing and managing metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lungs with primary manifestation to the iris and the ciliary body with the purpose to raise clinical suspicion for systemic malignancy in the presence of undetected ocular mass along with other ocular manifestations.

Observations: An 82‐year‐old male presented with a deterioration of vision and intense pain in the right eye since the day before. With his right eye, he suddenly discerned hand movements only. Intraocular pressure in the right eye was increased. Slit–lamp biomicroscopy revealed a ciliary injection and hemorrhagic mass overlying the temporal half of the iris. The L‐9 ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) scan documented the tumor completely infiltrating the iris and the ciliary body. We suspected a metastatic eye lesion. CT chest imaging showed a solid expansive formation of the right lung. At the Oncology Department, a fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed under the control of MSCT, which confirmed lung adenocarcinoma.

Conclusions and Importance: Although very rarely, pathological changes in the uvea may indicate a metastatic occurrence that needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis. It is important to undergo a wide ophthalmological examination, which in this case included a standardized A‐scan echography and UBM, which confirmed the suspicion of a tumor lesion, followed by cooperation with other medical professionals in order to discover a primary diagnosis.
Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Impact of Psychological Resilience on Psychosocial Stress Responses
Authors: Zhang Danying , Wang Xin , Sun Xiaoqiang , Fang Shulin , Xiong Ge , Cheng Chang , Gu Meiling , Yao Shuqiao , Dong Daifeng , Wang Xiang
Published: October 2024

Background: High psychological resilience (HR) could protect individuals from psychosocial stress and thereby make individuals less vulnerable to depression and anxiety; however, the underlying neural mechanism remains to be investigated.

Methods: The Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST) was administered to participants of 59 healthy individuals with HR and 56 individuals with low psychological resilience (LR) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. Cortisol concentrations and subjective stress levels were collected across the MIST. Repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted to measure the group differences in subjective and cortisol stress responses. Two‐sample t‐tests were conducted to detect the group differences in stress‐related brain activation and functional connectivity (FC).

Results: The LR group exhibited an increase in cortisol concentration after the MIST, whereas the HR group exhibited a decrease in cortisol concentration after the MIST. The LR group exhibited higher activation in the left anterior insula and lower FC between the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the right temporal pole (TP) (all pFWE < 0.05). Mediation analyses revealed that the left anterior insula mediates the relationship between psychological resilience and depression and the left OFC–right TP FC mediates the relationship between psychological resilience and anxiety.

Conclusions: Findings highlight that the anterior insula and OFC–TP FC could be the critical neural mechanism underlying the interaction between psychological resilience and psychosocial stress. Moreover, higher anterior insula activation and lower OFC–TP FC could be the crucial neural mechanism of individuals with low psychological resilience developing into depression/anxiety when experiencing daily psychosocial stressors.
The Sublingual Gland Flap for Oral Reconstruction: Insights From a Single Institutional Experience
Authors: Wieczorkiewicz Agata , Kuczera Joanna , Hramyka Andrei , Śliwiński Krzysztof , Bargiel Jakub , Wyszyńska-Pawelec Grażyna , Gontarz Michał
Published: October 2024

Background: Following ablative surgery, the reconstruction of oral cavity defects is essential to ensure optimal function and aesthetically acceptable outcomes. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze the effectiveness and complication rates of the sublingual gland flap (SGF) in oral soft tissue reconstruction. The procedure for harvesting SGF and the strengths and limitations of the flap are discussed.

Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 13 patients suffering from oncological diseases who underwent soft tissue reconstruction with SGF. The patient’s medical charts were evaluated based on histopathological aspects, postoperative complications, and outcomes. Reconstruction of the floor of the mouth was performed in 8 patients (61.5%) and lower gingiva in 5 patients (38.5%), respectively.

Results: Complete epithelialization with closure of the defect was achieved within an average of 2 weeks. The observation period ranged from 1 to 33 months, with an average duration of 11.5 months. Partial flap necrosis and ranula occurred in one patient (7.7%). Furthermore, postoperative bleeding was observed in one patient (7.7%), and wound dehiscence and abscess formation were noted in another (7.7%). Locoregional recurrence of the cancer was observed in one case (7.7%).

Conclusions: The SGF is effective for achieving successful reconstruction of small‐ and medium‐sized defects in the lower gingiva and floor of the mouth. The complication rate is relatively low.
Recurrent Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis Secondary to Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Remission of Kidney Disease with Ibrutinib
Authors: Shah Rafeea , Vydianath Bindu , Pratt Guy , Pinney Jennifer
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Fibrillary glomerulonephritis (FGN) is a rare form of glomerular disease that accounts for less than 1 percent of all renal biopsies. It is characterized by pathognomonic electron microscopy findings of fibrillar deposits in the mesangium and glomerular capillary walls. FGN was initially considered to be an idiopathic disorder. However, approximately 30–50 percent of patients have a secondary cause, including a history of malignancy in up to 23% of cases. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a rare cause of FGN, with limited data and poor prognosis. Case Presentation: In this report, we present the case of a 69-year-old male who was diagnosed with CLL in 2013 and was initially managed conservatively. In 2016, he developed nephrotic syndrome and renal impairment. Renal biopsy showed FGN, and treatment was targeted to the CLL with bendamustine and rituximab, which led to partial remission of nephrotic syndrome and improvement in renal function. After 3 years of clinical remission, the nephrotic syndrome relapsed, and he underwent a repeat renal biopsy confirming ongoing FGN. A bone marrow biopsy confirmed CLL relapse, and the patient was treated with ibrutinib (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor). The patient achieved a significant organ response and sustained remission. Conclusion: This case highlights the success of treating a potentially identifiable cause of FGN and highlights that even at relapse, treatment can confer benefits and help prevent end-stage renal failure.
Characterizing Depth Electrode Coverage in Stereoelectroencephalography on Seizure Onset Zone Localization and Seizure Outcomes
Authors: Jha Rohan , Warren Aaron E.L. , Nawabi Noah L.A. , Salami Pariya , Paulk Angelique C. , Cash Sydney S. , Rolston John D.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The number of intracranial depth electrodes implanted in stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) investigations is primarily driven by the preimplantation hypothesis about SOZ location. Targeting is not standardized and highly variable between centers. Whether some of these electrodes may prove redundant, or target low-yield areas too frequently, is uncertain. Methods: We identified a retrospective multi-institutional cohort implanted with depth electrodes for iEEG monitoring between 2003 and 2022. We collected preoperative clinical features and iEEG investigation parameters, including the number of depth electrodes and contacts implanted. We built a propensity-matched cohort with respect to these covariates and evaluated outcomes, which included (1) the likelihood of SOZ localization, (2) complications, and (3) seizure-free outcomes as a function of electrode contact coverage. In addition, we aimed to identify brain regions commonly explored in conjunction with each other and identify the likelihood of a region being implicated in initial electroclinical seizure onset. Results: One hundred and sixty-seven patients were followed for a median of 3.8 (range 2, 18) years after SEEG. Propensity-matched cohorts demonstrated that a higher number of implanted contacts were associated with a greater likelihood of proceeding to treatment, but were not associated with SOZ localization, seizure freedom (Engel I), favorable seizure outcomes (Engel I/II), or complications, per Bayes factor analysis. Lateral orbitofrontal, supramarginal, posterior cingulate, inferior parietal, and inferior temporal areas were least likely to be implicated in initial electrographic onset, whereas hippocampus, caudal middle frontal, pericalcarine, and parahippocampal areas were most likely when controlling for electrode coverage. Conclusions: SEEG effectively localizes the SOZ in both lesional and non-lesional etiologies, and clinicians are generally optimizing the electrode coverage for hypothetical SOZ localization, leading to further therapeutic surgeries that may confer seizure freedom. Nevertheless, several areas are possibly being explored despite low likelihood (<2.5%) of participation within the SOZ.
Inflammatory Breast Cancer and Transient Complete Radiographic Response to Chemoimmunotherapy: A Case Report
Authors: Amin Adina , Sirikanjanapong Sasis , Kalsi Amardeep , Taiwo Evelyn
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare and aggressive subtype, with high breast cancer mortality. Compared to noninflammatory breast cancer, even after treatment and response to standard-of-care breast cancer chemotherapy, it has a high propensity for lymph node involvement, high rates of distant metastasis, and shorter survival. The immune checkpoint inhibitor, pembrolizumab, in combination with chemotherapy is now approved for early triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and for advanced disease if positive for the programmed cell death ligand 1 protein (PD-L1). The response and survival of metastatic inflammatory TNBC to immunotherapy is largely unreported and we present a case of a young woman with metastatic triple negative inflammatory breast cancer, treated with pembrolizumab, carboplatin, and paclitaxel. Case Presentation: A 46-year-old female presented with de novo metastatic inflammatory TNBC with metastasis to lymph nodes, lung, and bones. She was treated with pembrolizumab, carboplatin, and paclitaxel leading to rapid and complete radiographic response. The response was however short lived, and the patient presented with diffuse disease progression in the lungs with pleural effusions, causing death from respiratory distress. Conclusion: Treatment for metastatic triple negative inflammatory breast cancer mirrors treatment of metastatic TNBC. In PD-L1 positive disease, treatment with chemotherapy and pembrolizumab is first line and in this case led to robust but short-lived response. Inflammatory breast cancer remains a poorly understood breast cancer subtype, and even in the presence of good treatment response, prognosis and survival remain poor. Further studies are warranted to better understand and treat the disease.
ВИВЧЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ДІЇ S-ГЕТЕРИЛСУКЦИНАТІВ НА МІКРОКЛОНАЛЬНЕ РОЗМНОЖЕННЯ ДЕКОРАТИВНИХ РОСЛИН
Authors: Zavhorodnii M. P. , Derevianko N. P. , Shkopynska Т. E. , Brazhko O. A. , Kornet M. M. , Gencheva V. I. , Luchkevych E. R. , Shupenyuk V. I.
Published: October 2024

Мета роботи. Дослідження впливу нових похідних S-гетерилсукцинатів на мікроклональне розмноження декоративних рослин: клону 112 павловнії повстистої (Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud.) і троянди рожевої (Rosa damascena Mill.) сорту Лада; визначення ліпофільності, як одного з важливих факторів, що впливає на прояв біологічної активності.
Матеріали і методи. Для синтезованих сполук було проведено in silico скринінг токсичності за допомогою онлайн-сервісів TEST і GUSAR та експериментально досліджено за функціональним станом сперматозоїдів чоловіків in vitro. Для виконання окремих етапів розрахунків фізико-хімічних характеристик сполук застосовано АСD-I-Labs. Для оцінки біологічної дії сполук на ризогенез використовували технологію мікроклонального розмноження на живильному середовищі Мураcіге – Скуга. Досліджувані сполуки додавали перед стерилізацією живильного середовища. Контролем слугувало живильне середовище без регуляторів росту.
Результати й обговорення. S-гетерилсукцинати, які були попередньо синтезовані за реакцією нуклеофільного заміщення на основі 4-хлорохінолінів та 4-хлоропіридину і залишку меркаптосукцинатної кислоти (структура синтезованих сполук була підтверджена спектрами 1H, 13C NMR), показали низький токсичний профіль і високу ростостимулювальну активність при мікроклональному розмноженні клону 112 павловнії повстистої (Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud.) і троянди рожевої (Rosa damascena Mill.) сорту Лада. Досліджені сполуки не потребують складного хімічного синтезу, є малотоксичними і стимулюють ризогенез при низьких концентраціях – 10-5–10-7 моль/л, що робить їх екологічно та економічно добрими кандидатами у групу регуляторів росту. Висока росторегулювальна активність дозволяє рекомендувати їх до подальшого поглибленого вивчення в інших технологіях розмноження і вирощування рослин.
Висновки. Додавання сполуки 2-((7-хлорохінолін-4-іл)тіо)сукцинатної кислоти (QS-3) у живильне середовище достовірно збільшувало кількість та довжину коренів у рослин із максимальним відсотком частоти ризогенезу 92 % у павловнії повстистої та 84 % в троянди рожевої, що на 16 та 12 % більше ніж у препарату порівняння. Отримані результати дають змогу рекомендувати цю сполуку до практичного використання і можуть стати платформою для подальшої структурної оптимізації при розробці сучасних регуляторів росту для вегетативного розмноження рослин.
Manifestações dermatológicas da Monkeypox
Authors: Kasecker Fernanda Gugelmin , Borges Ana Flávia , Abreu Marilda Aparecida Milanez Morgado de
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aimed to identify the primary mucocutaneous manifestations secondary toMonkeypox infection and determine the prevalence of coinfection with other sexually transmittedinfections (STIs). Methods: Searches were conducted in the PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Cochrane Library, andVirtual Health Library databases using the descriptors “monkeypox,” “dermatological,” “dermatology,”“cutaneous,” “skin,” and “mucocutaneous,” combined with the Boolean operators “and” and “or.” All articles published between January 2017 and October 2022 that addressed mucocutaneous manifestations secondary to Monkeypox infection, regardless of language, wereincluded. Technical notes from the Brazilian Ministry of Health and World Health Organization recommendations were also incorporated. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. Data were independently evaluated by three reviewers. Exclusion criteria included the absence of photographic records of the lesions, lack of laboratory confirmation of infection, “letter to the editor” publications, duplicates, and articles primarily focused on systemic manifestations without association with the integumentary system. Results: A total of 22 publications were included in this study. The most frequently affected anatomical sites were the genital and perianal regions, though lesions were also reported on the torso, face, oropharynx, limbs, palms, and soles. There is a possibility that the infection may present nonspecifically as a maculopapular rash. Lesions are typically multiple, with either localized orwidespread distribution. In the latter case, the progression is centrifugal, beginning on the face.The most prevalent characteristic of the elementary lesion is central umbilication, which eventuallydevelops a crusted appearance. Umbilicated papules are often associated with pain, which gradually transitions to varying degrees of pruritus. Coinfection with HIV and other STIs was particularly notable among men who have sex with other men and/or have multiple partners and who use condoms inconsistently.Conclusions: Monkeypox can present with various cutaneous manifestations, none of which arepathognomonic of the disease. The chronological evolution of the elementary lesions (papule, vesicle,pustule, crust) is not always precise, with multiple stages potentially coexisting in the same area of the body. The primary behavioral factor associated with infection is unprotected sexual activity, especially among men who have sex with other men. Coinfections with HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and/or herpes were observed in the majority of cases.
Temporal trend and epidemiological profile of accidents involving venomous animals in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2012-2021)
Authors: Fernandes Gabriela Henriques , Lorencini Sara Sabadine , McBenedict Billy , Fonseca Sandra Costa , Martins Ezequias Batista
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Accidents involving venomous animals have significant clinical implications. In Brazil, accidents caused by scorpions (59%), spiders (13.6%), and snakes (10.9%) are the mostfrequently reported, although proportions vary by region. This study describes the temporal trends and epidemiological characteristics of accidents involving venomous animals in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Methods: This is an ecological (time series) study of accidents caused by venomous animals over the last 10 years (2012 to 2021) in Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System. We estimated incidence rates and analyzed time series using Joinpoint regression, according to geographical region, age, and type of animal. Results: From 2012 to 2021, 17,891 accidents involving venomous animals were reported, with rates increasing from 8.4 to 10.7 per 100,000 inhabitants. Snakes were responsible for the highest number of cases (33.4%), followed by scorpions (27.2%) and spiders (27.0%). Snakebite cases remained stable, while cases of arachnidism and scorpion envenomation increased, marking them as the main types of accidents. The regions with the highest rates were Centro-Sul (65.5 per 100,000 inhabitants), Baía da Ilha Grande (62.3), Médio Paraíba (45.3), and Serrana (43.5). Males and the 40 to 59 age group predominated, but all age groups showed an increase, with a more pronounced rise among children and adolescents. Most accidents were classified asmild, although 51 deaths were recorded.Conclusions: Rio de Janeiro has relatively low rates of accidents involving venomous animals,but some regions have values higher than the national average. Snakebite accidents remainedstable, except in the adolescent group. Accidents involving scorpions and spiders showed anupward trend.