bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TANGGUNG JAWAB HUKUM DOKTER DALAM PENGHENTIAN TINDAKAN MEDIK TERHADAP PASIEN TERMINAL
Authors: Priyana Puti
Published: November 2019

Tujuan penelitian yang ingin dicapai oleh peneliti adalah untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji tanggung jawab dokter dalam penghentian tindakan medik terhadap pasien terminal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, yaitu suatu metode pendekatan yang beranjak dari dan berfokus kepada semua peraturan hukum yang secara teoretik dianggap relevan dengan masalah tanggung jawab dokter terhadap penghentian tindakan medik terhadap pasien terminal yang selanjutnya diolah dan dianalisi menggunakan metode analisi yuridis-kwalitatif. Hasil Penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tanggung jawab dokter terhadap penghentian tindakan medis pada pasien terminal khususnya dan pasien biasa pada umumnya telah dialihkan kepada yang membatalkan atau mengentikan tindakan medis. Berdasarkan kesimpulan di atas, peneliti merekomendasikan perlu adanya revisi di dalam Undang-Undang Praktik Kedokteran untuk memasukan rumusan tentang penghentian tindakan medis atau informed refusal. Agar terdapat kepastian hukum serta perlu dilakukan sosialisasi mengenai lebih itensif mengenai makna dan batasan dalam melakukan penghentian tindakan medis pada pasien terminal.
PREVENTING OF EARLY MARRIAGE AUDIO CLIP (PEMAC) UNTUK MENCEGAH FENOMENA PERKAWINAN USIA DINI PADA ANAK PEREMPUAN DILINGKUNGAN PONDOK PASANTREN DI MADURA
Authors: Sukendar Astria Yuli Satyarini , Raissa Amanda , Michael Michael
Published: November 2019

Maraknya fenomena perkawinan usia dini yang terjadi di lingkungan pondok pesantren khususnya di daerah Madura, Jawa Timur, merupakan salah satu masalah yang harus segera diselesaikan oleh pemerintah. Presentasi perkawinan usia dini di Kabupaten Bangkalan, angka pasangan yang menikah di bawah usia 20 tahun tercatat sebanyak 23,25%. Di Kabupaten Sumenep tercatat 41,72% yang usia kawin pertamanya kurang dari 20 tahun. Sedangkan di Pamekasan sebesar 19,39%, dan Sampang angkanya sebesar 17,47%. (data BAPPEDA Jawa Timur).Dengan adanya perkawinan usia dini ini akan menyebabkan hilangnya hak anak khususnya pada anak perempuan, atas hak pendidikan, hak untuk hidup bebas dari kekerasan dan pelecehan, hak kesehatan, hak dilindungi dari eksploitasi, dan hak tidak dipisahkan dari orang tua. Resiko anak perempuan yang telah melakukan perkawinan usia dini menyebabkan kondisi anak tersebut akan rawan terjadi gangguan mental seperti down syndrome serta berisiko mendapatkan berbagai masalah kesehatan, emosional, dan sosial jika dibandingkan mereka yang lahir dari pernikahan usia matang dan bahagia. Juga menyebabkan kondisi psikis yaitu dapat menyebabkan trauma dan krisis percaya diri, kemudian emosi tidak berkembang dengan matang. Tujuan utama dari penulisan ini adalah agar berkurangnya keinginan anak perempuan di Pondok Pesantren khususnya wilayah Madura untuk menikah di usia dini. Juga untuk melindungi anak-anak perempuan agar tidak dipaksa untuk melakukan perkawinan usia dini. Serta menciptakan kesadaran terhadap masyarakat mau pun lingkungan agar tidak melakukan perkawina dini karena perkawinan dini memiliki dampak negatif terhadap kedua pasangan terutama perempuan, juga jalannya kehidupan berkeluarganya nanti. Metode pendekatan yang dilakukan oleh penulis adalah metode pendekatan empiris yuridis, yaitu dimana penulis mencari, menggali, dan menemukan fakta-fakta serta kenyataan yang ada di dalam masyarakat dengan melihat situasi dan kondisi yang terjadi.
ANALYSIS OF LICENSING THE BOWELS FOR 2000-2018 IN THE TERRITORY OF EASTERN SIBERIA AND THE SAKH REPUBLIC (YAKUTIA)
Authors: Kuznetsova Elena , Gordeeva Alevtina , Belova Elena , Bobkova Elizaveta , Edinarhova Natalya , Konstantinova Larisa , Marinov Roman , Moiseev Sergey , Fomin Andrey
Published: November 2019

The article discusses the statistics on the fulfillment of license obligations by subsoil users regarding the terms and volumes of geological exploration. An expert assessment of the fulfillment by the subsoil users of the declared obligations on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Irkutsk Region and the SAHA Republic (Yakutia) is given.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERVENTIONS IN THE FIELD OF EXTRACTION AND PROCESSING OF HYDROCARBON RAW MATERIALS IN NOVOSIBIRSK REGION
Authors: Provornaya Irina
Published: November 2019

Based on the multivariate spatial model, the paper shows the relationship between the factors of the oil industry (oil production, oil refining, consumption of basic petroleum products) and the main economic indicator (gross regional product) of the Novosibirsk region. It is revealed that with the increase in the capacity of the MIC-oil and subject to further exploration of oil fields with the use of new technologies, revenues to the regional budget from oil companies in the region can be about 5 %. The measures aimed at increasing the level of social responsibility and improving the quality of the environment at the enterprises of the oil industry of the Novosibirsk region are defined.
REASONS OF MINE ACCIDENT OCCURING WITH DISASTROUS CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Skritsky Vladimir
Published: November 2019

In the work it is proved that methane explosions with disastrous consequences have become after conversion to high-effective mining of extraction pillar during mining flat and steep coal seams at functioning extracting areas. It is established that during high-efficient mining of extracting areas, first combustion and methane explosions happen at worked space, where they are initiated with occurred and non-noticed places of coal self-ignition. From worked space burning methane outbursts by explosion wave from the cove to the working face and near workings where the explosion develops with coal dust presence. Technical solutions for prevention such accidents are proposed.
ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SITUATION IN THE RUSSIAN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
Authors: Dzyuba Yuriy , Mochalov Ruslan
Published: November 2019

This research assesses a comprehensive study of the system of economic and financial indicators, reflecting the work of companies in the oil and gas industry in Russian Federation.
The purpose of this article is a comprehensive assessment of the dynamics of the financial and economic state of the oil and gas industry in Russia. The article analyzes the dynamics and structure of key economic indicators of the oil and gas industry - revenues, tax payments, net profit with detailed information on companies in the industry, as well as integrated to the industry-wide level. The regularities of changes in indicators, as well as features for individual companies. The potential of the oil and gas complex to expand hydrocarbon production has been confirmed, which allows us to conclude that the industry will continue to be the engine of import substitution, financial stability of the budget and the guarantor of the country's international obligations.
ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF OIL AND GAS COMPANIES IN RUSSIA BASED ON SUSTAINABLE GROWTH RATE MODEL (SGR)
Authors: Skobeev Maksim , Zemnukhova Ekaterina
Published: November 2019

The article analyzes the theoretical and methodological basis for assessing the economic growth of a company, identifies the entities and principles that influence it. Based on the study of modern strategic concepts of growth, a computational model was set up - the sustainable growth model SGR. The calculated values are compared with the real growth of the companies of the oil and gas complex of the Russian Federation in a retrospective analysis for 2012–2017. Conclusions about the applicability of the concept when making strategic decisions in the current market conditions. The significance of this model was checked and a vector was set for further study.
RISK REDUCTION ESTIMATION FOR UNDERGROUND MINING OF GAS-CONTAINED COAL SEAMS WHILE USING THE HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
Authors: Serdyukov Sergey , Shilova Tatiana , Rybalkin Leonid
Published: November 2019

In the paper, influence of hydraulic fracturing parameters on filtration resistance of system of parallel holes during preliminary degassing of coal seam loaded with strata pressure is considered. Results of comparative analysis of degassing rates of coal seam while using holes without hydraulic fracturing and holes with non-directed or plural interval hydraulic fracturing of various orientation are represented. Estimation of influence of fracturing of different types on risk reduction of underground mining of gas-contained coal seams is given. Obtained results allow to estimate perspective of application of present modifications of hydraulic fracturing technology at coal mines.
GEOTECHNOLOGY IMPACT ON SEISMIC ACTIVITY OF THE AREA DURING MINING PROTECTIVE PILLAR IN CONDITIONS OF SHEREGESH DEPOSIT
Authors: Filippov Vladimir , Eremenko Andrey , Mokrousov Igor
Published: November 2019

Analysis of blasting works during reserves mining of protective pillar of level-and-room mining and sublevel mining with application of mobile machinery is carried out. It is established that high power explosions, carried out within border of protective pillar, longtime impact on rock solid (up to 2 days and more). Each explosion forms seismic active zone in which shocks occur on the distance up to 400v and more. Converse to technology of sublevel caving with application of mobile machinery has excepted carrying out explosions with large mass of explosive materials (10t and more). Through a month, 20-30 explosions are carried out with mass of explosive material from 800-900kg up to 3000-3500 kg. Increasing of explosion number causes to the explosions produce seismic active zone and Impact to solid condition and near workings. But reduction of mass of explosive materials has caused to low frequent event. Mainly seismic events of 1 and 2 class happen.
CALCULATUION OF DYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF REVERSE CHAMBER OF PNEUMATIC HAMMER WITH MECHANICAL LOCKING OF ELASTIC VALVE
Authors: Chervov Alexander
Published: November 2019

In paper short description of construction and functioning of pneumatic hammer with air distribution system based on application of elastic valve in exhaust line of reverse chamber is carried out. Using specified parameters of pneumatic hammer (percussion energy, percussion speed, ration of chamber squares, form of working chamber, compressed air pressure and etc.) mass of striking pin, working path, diameters of working chamber and cylindrical part of reverse chamber, dimensions of circle elastic valve are calculated. Proposed method of calculation considers change of cross-section of reverse chamber when striking pin moves back. Obtained calculated values have allowed to develop diagram chart of change of air pressure in reverse chamber in dependence on time.
O USO DA LOUSA DIGITAL EM AULAS DE MATEMÁTICA APÓS FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA EM UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA
Authors: Navarro Eloisa Rosotti , Kalinke Marco Aurélio , Mocrosky Luciane Ferreira , Motta Marcelo Souza
Published: November 2019

A inserção de novas tecnologias digitais em processos educacionais é uma ação constante e atual. As lousas digitais se enquadram entre as novidades tecnológicas que estão sendo inseridas nas escolas brasileiras e que precisam ter suas compreensões ampliadas. Para colaborar com esta discussão, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa de mestrado acadêmico na qual foi oferecida formação continuada para professores de uma escola pública e, na sequência, acompanhou-se as aulas dos professores de Matemática, para verificar que tipos de uso destas lousas foram implementados. Foramacompanhadas treze aulas, ministradas por três professores e pôde-se perceber que os usos realizados das lousas digitais podem ser agrupados em três grandes categorias, a saber: apresentação interativa; exploração de atividades interativas e criação de atividades interativas. Percebeu-se, ainda, que é preciso adaptar as estruturas físicas das escolas para o uso da lousa digital nos processos educacionais e que essa tecnologia pode contribuir para a inserção da linguagem digital interativa e de atividades que privilegiem a interação e a interatividade nas aulas de Matemática.
Estimation of Reliability in a Multicomponent Stress–Strength System for the Exponentiated Moment-Based Exponential Distribution
Authors: Rao G. Srinivasa , Bhatti Fiaz Ahmad , Aslam Muhammad , Albassam Mohammed
Published: November 2019

A multicomponent system of k components with independent and identically distributed random strengths X 1 , X 2 , … X k , with each component undergoing random stress, is in working condition if and only if at least s out of k strengths exceed the subjected stress. Reliability is measured while strength and stress are obtained through a process following an exponentiated moment-based exponential distribution with different shape parameters. Reliability is gauged from the samples using maximum likelihood (ML) on the computed distributions of strength and stress. Asymptotic estimates of reliability are compared using Monte Carlo simulation. Application to forest data and to breaking strengths of jute fiber shows the usefulness of the model.
Long-Term Mineral Fertilization Improved the Grain Yield and Phosphorus Use Efficiency by Changing Soil P Fractions in Ferralic Cambisol
Authors: Ahmed Waqas , Liu Kailou , Qaswar Muhammad , Huang Jing , Huang Qinghai , Xu Yongmei , Ali Sehrish , Mehmood Sajid , Ammar Asghar Rana Muhammad , Mahmood Mohsin , Zhang Huimin
Published: November 2019

Elevated mineral fertilization may change the composition and increase the availability of soil phosphorus (P) in subtropical paddy soils and thus affect long-term plant growth. However, an understanding of the response of soil P fractions to long-term nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) additions remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the responses of soil P-fractions and their mobility to different long-term chemical fertilization rates under a double rice cropping system. The rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the low NPK treatment (LNPK) were 90, 45, and 75 kg ha−1 year−1, respectively, and in the high NPK treatment (HNPK), they were 180, 90, and 150 kg ha−1 year−1, respectively. The results showed that the concentrations of soil organic matter (SOM), total P, Olsen P, total N, and mineral N were remarkably increased under HNPK by 17.46%, 162.66%, 721.16%, 104.42%, and 414.46%, respectively, compared with those under control (CT). Compared to the CT P fractions, HNPK increased the labile P fractions (i.e., NaHCO3-Pi and NaHCO3-Po) by 322.25% and 83.53% and the moderately labile P fractions (i.e., NaOH-Pi, NaOH-Po and HCl. dil. Pi) by 163.54%, 183.78%, and 3167.25% respectively, while the non-labile P was decreased by the HNPK addition. P uptake and grain yield were increased by LNPK and HNPK by 10.02% and 35.20%, respectively, compared with CT. P use efficiency indices were also higher under HNPK than under LNPK. There was a strong positive relationship between grain yield and P use efficiency (R2 = 0.97). A redundancy analysis (RDA) showed a strong correlation between soil chemical properties and the labile and moderately labile P pools. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that SOM, mineral N, and available P strongly control the labile P pool. In conclusion, NPK additions under the paddy soils significantly influences the soil P fractions. The soil P dynamics and the mechanisms governing the interactions between plants and soil nutrients are clearly explained in this study.
First Report of Herbicide-Resistant Echinochloa crus-galli in Uruguayan Rice Fields
Authors: Marchesi Claudia , Saldain Nestor
Published: November 2019

Echinochloa crus-galli is the main weed in direct dry-seeded rice systems worldwide and is the target of most herbicide applications. Numerous cases of E. crus-galli biotypes with resistance to herbicides have been reported in different regions of the world; however, to date, no cases have been reported in Uruguay. The purpose of this research is to assess the presence of herbicide-resistant E. crus-galli in the rice fields of Uruguay. More than 40 E. crus-galli biotypes were sampled from eastern to northern regions in different years and assessed following the Herbicide Resistance Action Committee (HRAC) protocols of confirmation, using the herbicides propanil, quinclorac, clomazone, bispyribac–sodium, penoxsulam, imazapyr + imazapic, profoxidim and cyhalofop. Herbicides rates included 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 times the label rate. Most E. crus-galli biotypes (35) resulted as resistant to quinclorac. Furthermore, resistance was confirmed to propanil in at least seven biotypes, 12 to imazapyr + imazapic, and three to penoxsulam. Five biotypes showed multiple resistance to propanil and quinclorac, and one biotype was resistant to quinclorac, penoxsulam and imazapyr + imazapic. No biotype showed confirmed resistance to clomazone, bispyribac-sodium, cyhalofop or profoxidim—herbicides that ensure satisfactory control. The presence of E. crus-galli herbicide resistant-biotypes reduces herbicide options, threatening rice production in Uruguay. In this context, a redesign of the productive systems would represent an opportunity to complement the chemical control, integrating larger-scale cultural and management practices.
Quantification of Cultivar Change in Double Rice Regions under a Warming Climate during 1981–2009 in China
Authors: Qiu Xiaolei , Tang Liang , Zhu Yan , Cao Weixing , Liu Leilei
Published: November 2019

Maintaining high double rice productivity in China is very important for ensuring the food security of China. However, the double rice production system is sensitive to changes in both climate and management practices. Previous studies showed that rice production has been negatively impacted by global warming without considering the changes of cultivars and management practices. However, cultivar improvements and the impact of cultivar change must not be ignored in any assessment. In the current study, we combined data analysis with crop modeling to investigate the impacts of changes in climate and cultivars on rice productivity at three different double rice sites (Nanchang, Hengyang, and Gaoyao) in China. The results showed a warming trend at the study sites during 1981–2009, and the temperature increase rates (maximum, average, and minimum temperatures) in the late rice growing season were larger than in the early rice growing season. Global warming has led to a reduction in the length of the rice growth period. Adopting new rice cultivars may partially mitigate the declining trend of the growing duration and grain yield, but it would not completely compensate for the negative impact observed in double rice regions. In general, the changes in cultivars prolonged the growing duration by increasing the basic vegetative phase and the photoperiod formation phase. The main reasons for yield improvement were the increase in the percentage of filled grains for early rice and the increase in grain number per spike for late rice. In the face of future warming, breeding efforts are necessary for producing new cultivars that are resilient to the negative impacts of future climate change on agriculture.
The Relationship between Uterine, Fecal, Bedding, and Airborne Dust Microbiota from Dairy Cows and Their Environment: A Pilot Study
Authors: Nguyen Thuong T. , Miyake Ayumi , Tran Tu T.M. , Tsuruta Takeshi , Nishino Naoki
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study was to characterize uterine, fecal, bedding, and airborne dust microbiota from postpartum dairy cows and their environment. The cows were managed by the free-stall housing system, and samples for microbiota and serum metabolite assessment were collected during summer and winter when the cows were at one and two months postpartum. Uterine microbiota varied between seasons; the five most prevalent taxa were Enterobacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae during summer, and Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Clostridiaceae during winter. Although Actinomycetaceae and Mycoplasmataceae were detected at high abundance in several uterine samples, the relationship between the uterine microbiota and serum metabolite concentrations was unclear. The fecal microbiota was stable regardless of the season, whereas bedding and airborne dust microbiota varied between summer and winter. With regards to uterine, bedding, and airborne dust microbiota, Enterobacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae were more abundant during summer, and Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Clostridiaceae were more abundant during winter. Canonical analysis of principal coordinates confirmed the relationship between uterine and cowshed microbiota. These results indicated that the uterine microbiota may vary when the microbiota in cowshed environments changes.
Milk Production, Milk Quality, and Behaviour of Dairy Cows Grazing on Swards with Low and High Water-Soluble Carbohydrates Content in Autumn: A Pilot Trial
Authors: Merino Verónica M. , Balocchi Oscar A. , Rivero M. Jordana
Published: November 2019

Grazing ruminant systems can be sustainably intensified by improving efficiency while reducing their environmental impact. The objective of the present study was to examine the potential of pastures differing in water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and crude protein (CP) contents to affect milk production and composition as well as the behaviour of cows grazing perennial ryegrass (PRG) swards. By modifying the nitrogen (N) fertilisation rate (83 and 250 kg/ha per year) and the defoliation frequency (two or three leaves per tiller) in combination with cultivar selection (high-sugar vs. standard cultivars), we obtained two swards differing in WSC and CP contents. The two contrasting swards were each grazed by six dairy cows in nine daily strips in autumn. Pasture samples were collected to determine herbage mass and quality. Cow behaviour was recorded by direct observation. Herbage offered and apparently consumed were similar between swards (averaging 37.3 and 18.2 kg/cow, respectively), although the residual was lower in the high-sugar sward (1735 vs. 2143 kg/ha). Cows spent less time grazing in the high-sugar sward (66.9% v. 71.6%), but the rumination times was similar (14.6%). Milk production and composition were similar between groups, suggesting that high-quality pastures would require a greater difference in nutritional composition to affect animal performance.
Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques for the Study, Conservation and Management of Rock Art
Authors: Bayarri Vicente , Sebastián Miguel A. , Ripoll Sergio
Published: November 2019

Paleolithic rock art is one of the most important cultural phenomena in the history of mankind. It was made by making incisions and/or applying natural pigments mixed with water or organic elements on a rock surface, which for millennia has been subjected to different factors of natural and anthropogenic alteration that have caused its deterioration and/or disappearance. The present paper shows a methodology that employs hyperspectral technology in the range of visible light and the near infrared spectrum, providing a scientific and non-destructive way to study, conserve and manage such a valuable cultural heritage. Recognition of coloring matter, formal recognition of the figures, superposition of forms and documentation of the state of conservation are relevant topics in rock art, and hyperspectral imaging technology is an efficient way to study them. The aim is to establish a method of creating pigment cartography and enhancing the visualization of rock art panels. Illumination sources, spectroradiometry measurements and camera adjustments must be taken into account to generate accurate results that later will be pre-processed to derive reflectance data, and then pigment analysis and enhanced visualization methods are applied. This methodology has allowed us to obtain 76% more figures than using traditional techniques throughout the case study area.
Assessing Relativistic Effects and Electron Correlation in the Actinide Metals Th to Pu
Authors: Sadigh Babak , Kutepov Andrey , Landa Alexander , Söderlind Per
Published: November 2019

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are employed to explore and assess the effects of the relativistic spin–orbit interaction and electron correlations in the actinide elements. Specifically, we address electron correlations in terms of an intra-atomic Coulomb interaction with a Hubbard U parameter (DFT + U). Contrary to recent beliefs, we show that for the ground-state properties of the light actinide elements Th to Pu, the DFT + U makes its best predictions for U = 0. Actually, our modeling suggests that the most popular DFT + U formulation leads to the wrong ground-state phase for plutonium. Instead, extending DFT and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) with orbital–orbital interaction (orbital polarization; OP) is the most accurate approach. We believe the confusion in the literature on the subject mostly originates from incorrectly accounting for the spin–orbit (SO) interaction for the p1/2 state, which is not treated in any of the widely used pseudopotential plane-wave codes. Here, we show that for the actinides it suffices to simply discard the SO coupling for the p states for excellent accuracy. We thus describe a formalism within the projector-augmented-wave (PAW) scheme that allows for spin–orbit coupling, orbital polarization, and non-collinear magnetism, while retaining an efficient calculation of Hellmann–Feynman forces. We present results of the ground-state phases of all the light actinide metals (Th to Pu). Furthermore, we conclude that the contribution from OP is generally small, but substantial in plutonium.
Cyber–Physical Active Distribution Networks Robustness Evaluation against Cross-Domain Cascading Failures
Authors: Sun Pengpeng , Dong Yunwei , Wang Chong , Lv Changchun , War Khursheed Yousuf
Published: November 2019

Active distribution networks (ADNs) are a typical cyber–physical system (CPS), which consist of two kinds of interdependent sub-networks: power networks (PNs) and communication networks (CNs). The combination of typical characteristics of the ADN includes (1) a large number of distributed generators contained in the PN, (2) load redistribution in both the PN and CN, and (3) strong interdependence between the PN and CN, which makes ADNs vulnerable to cross-domain cascading failures (CCFs). In this paper, we focus on the robustness analysis of the ADN against the CCF. Rather than via the rate of the clusters with size greater than a predefined threshold, we evaluate the robustness of the ADN using the rate of the clusters containing generators after the CCF. Firstly, a synchronous probabilistic model is derived to calculate the proportions of remaining normal operational nodes after the CCF. With this model, the propagation of the CCF in the ADN can be described as recursive equations. Secondly, we analyze the relationship between the proportions of remaining normal operational nodes after the CCF and the distribution of distributed generators, unintentional random initial failure rate, the interdependence between the sub-networks, network topology, and tolerance parameters. Some results are revealed which include (1) the more distributed generators the PN contains, the higher ADN robustness is, (2) the robustness of the ADN is negatively correlated with the unintentional random initial failure rate, (3) the robustness of the ADN can be improved by increasing the average control fan in of each node in the PN and the average power fan in of each node in the CN, (4) the robustness of the ADN with Erdos–Renyi (ER) network topological structure is greater than that with Barabasi–Albert (BA) network topological structure under the same average node degree, and (5) the robustness of the ADN is greater, when the tolerance parameters increase. Lastly, some simulation experiments are conducted and experimental results also demonstrate that the conclusions above are effective to improve the robustness of the ADN against the CCF.
A Feasibility Study for Using Fishnet to Protect Offshore Wind Turbine Monopile Foundations from Damage by Scouring
Authors: Yang Bo , Wei Kexiang , Yang Wenxian , Li Tieying , Qin Bo , Ning Liwei
Published: November 2019

Offshore wind turbine monopile foundations are subjected to complex wind, wave, and flow coupling effects, which result in seabed scouring around the monopile. The consequent scour pits threaten the reliability, safety, and load-carrying capacity of the monopile. In order to develop a cost-effective measure to mitigate such an issue, a new countermeasure device, named “fishnet”, is studied in this paper using a combined approach of numerical simulations and experimental tests. In the research, the size of the fishnet, diameter of the fishnet thread, and the installation height of the fishnet were optimized in order to achieve the best protection to the monopile foundation. In the paper, both numerical simulations and laboratory tests proved the effectiveness of the proposed “fishnet” in reducing the scour around the wind turbine monopile foundations. Moreover, its contribution to erosion reduction can be further enhanced via optimization. It was found that, after optimization, the maximum shear force on the seabed could be reduced by 14% in the numerical study, and the maximum depth of the scour pit could be reduced by 38.2% in laboratory tests.
Evaluation of Loading Bay Restrictions for the Installation of Offshore Wind Farms Using a Combination of Mixed-Integer Linear Programming and Model Predictive Control
Authors: Rippel Daniel , Jathe Nicolas , Lütjen Michael , Freitag Michael
Published: November 2019

The installation of offshore wind farms poses particular challenges due to expensive resources and quickly changing weather conditions. Model-based decision-support systems are required to achieve an efficient installation. In the literature, there exist several models for scheduling offshore operations, which focus on vessels but neglect the influence of resource restrictions at the base port and uncertainties involved with weather predictions. This article proposes a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming model for the scheduling of installation activities, which handles several installation vessels as well as restrictions about available cargo bridges at the port. Additionally, the article explains how this model can be combined with a Model Predictive Control scheme to provide decision support for the scheduling of offshore installation operations. The article presents numerical studies of the effects induced by resource restrictions and of different parametrizations for this approach. Results show that even small planning windows, paired with comparably low computational times, achieve reasonably good results. Moreover, the results show that an increase in vessels comes at diminishing returns concerning the installation efficiency. Therefore, the results indicate that available good-weather windows primarily limit efficiency.
Pediatric Endoscopy, Update 2020
Authors: Schreiber-Dietrich Dagmar , Hocke Michael , Braden Barbara , Carrara Silvia , Gottschalk Uwe , Dietrich Christoph F
Published: November 2019

Optimal management of pediatric endoscopy requires a multidisciplinary approach. In most hospitals, endoscopy in pediatric patients is performed by conventional gastroenterologists and only a few centers have specialized pediatric gastroenterologists. This is due to the fact that the number of pediatric gastroenterologists is limited and not all of them are experienced in endoscopic techniques. However, there are also some pediatric centers offering a high-quality and high-volume endoscopy service provided by very experienced pediatric gastroenterologists. Up to now, the literature on pediatric endoscopy is rather sparse. In this article, we describe current knowledge and practice of endoscopic procedures in pediatric patients, which should be relevant for both the adult and pediatric gastroenterologists.
Sentiment Analysis for Social Media
Authors: Iglesias Carlos A. , Moreno Antonio
Published: November 2019

Sentiment analysis has become a key technology to gain insight from social networks. The field has reached a level of maturity that paves the way for its exploitation in many different fields such as marketing, health, banking or politics. The latest technological advancements, such as deep learning techniques, have solved some of the traditional challenges in the area caused by the scarcity of lexical resources. In this Special Issue, different approaches that advance this discipline are presented. The contributed articles belong to two broad groups: technological contributions and applications.
In Vitro Digestion of Microcapsule Carriers for Oral Delivery of Bioactive Compounds for Diabetes Treatment and Their Inhibitory Effect on the DPP-4 Enzyme
Authors: García-Miguel Edwin , C.S.R. Chittepu Veera , Kalhotra Poonam , Proal-Nájera José , Osorio-Revilla Guillermo , Gallardo-Velázquez Tzayhrí
Published: November 2019

Empty microcapsules, originally designed as carriers of bioactive peptides, were prepared by the combined method of a double-emulsion complex with coacervation spray drying and were subjected to an in-vitro digestion process, producing peptides from the whey protein contained in the microcapsule walls. The inhibitory effect of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and modulation of the insulin receptor of hydrolyzed microcapsules were evaluated. The hydrolysate of the microcapsules was subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) analysis, showing the presence of low-molecular-weight peptidic compounds, which apparently were responsible for the DPP-4 inhibitory effect. Fluorescence analysis showed that the effect of the hydrolyzed microcapsules on the insulin receptor was 40% that of insulin. The inhibition of DPP-4 was 54.7%. This work demonstrated that empty microcapsules initially designed as carriers of functional peptides also have the capability to inhibit DPP-4 and modulate insulin receptors by themselves.
Human Factors Analysis of Air Traffic Safety Based on HFACS-BN Model
Authors: Lyu Tao , Song Wenbin , Du Ke
Published: November 2019

Air traffic control (ATC) performance is important to ensure flight safety and the sustainability of aviation growth. To better evaluate the performance of ATC, this paper introduces the HFACS-BN model (HFACS: Human factors analysis and classification system; BN: Bayesian network), which can be combined with the subjective information of relevant experts and the objective data of accident reports to obtain more accurate evaluation results. The human factors of ATC in this paper are derived from screening and analysis of 142 civil and general aviation accidents/incidents related to ATC human factors worldwide from 1980 to 2019, among which the most important 25 HFs are selected to construct the evaluation model. The authors designed and implemented a questionnaire survey based on the HFACS framework and collected valid data from 26 frontline air traffic controllers (ATCO) and experts related to ATC in 2019. Combining the responses with objective data, the noisy MAX model is used to calculate the conditional probability table. The results showed that, among the four levels of human factors, unsafe acts had the greatest influence on ATC Performance (79.4%), while preconditions for safe acts contributed the least (40.3%). The sensitivity analysis indicates the order of major human factors influencing the performance of ATC. Finally, this study contributes to the literature in terms of methodological development and expert empirical analysis, providing data support for human error management intervention of ATC in aviation safety.
Semantic Features Based N-Best Rescoring Methods for Automatic Speech Recognition
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhang Pengyuan , Li Ta , Yan Yonghong
Published: November 2019

In this work, we aim to re-rank the n-best hypotheses of an automatic speech recognition system by punishing the sentences which have words that are semantically different from the context and rewarding the sentences where all words are in semantical harmony. To achieve this, we proposed a topic similarity score that measures the difference between topic distribution of words and the corresponding sentence. We also proposed another word-discourse score that quantifies the likeliness for a word to appear in the sentence by the inner production of word vector and discourse vector. Besides, we used the latent semantic marginal and a variation of log bi-linear model to get the sentence coordination score. In addition we introduce a fallibility weight, which assists the computation of the sentence semantically coordination score by instructing the model to pay more attention to the words that appear less in the hypotheses list and we show how to use the scores and the fallibility weight in hypotheses rescoring. None of the rescoring methods need extra parameters other than the semantic models. Experiments conducted on the Wall Street Journal corpus show that, by using the proposed word-discourse score on 50-dimension word embedding, we can achieve 0.29% and 0.51% absolute word error rate (WER) reductions on the two testsets.
In-Field Emission Measurements from Biogas and Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) Stoves
Authors: Weyant Cheryl L. , Thompson Ryan , Lam Nicholas L. , Upadhyay Basudev , Shrestha Prabin , Maharjan Shovana , Rai Kaushila , Adhikari Chija , Fox Maria C. , Pokhrel Amod K.
Published: November 2019

Household air pollution from solid fuel cooking causes millions of deaths each year and contributes to climate change. These emissions can be reduced if households transition to cleaner cooking fuels such as LPG or biogas, yet emission measurements during actual use are limited. Six LPG and 57 biogas cooking event emissions were measured during typical cooking practices in Nepal. Emission factors are reported for elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), and carbon monoxide (CO) and compared to measurements from wood stoves in the same households. Biogas cooking emission factors were 7.4 ± 10.9 mg MJ − 1 for PM 2.5 and 0.2 ± 0.3 mg MJ − 1 for EC on a fuel energy basis, and were not significantly different from LPG stoves (9.5 ± 6.8 mg MJ − 1 for PM 2.5 and 0.3 ± 0.3 mg MJ − 1 for EC, p > 0.05). Wood stoves emitted 50 times more PM 2.5 than biogas on a fuel energy basis and 230 times more EC. EC emissions were about 3% of total particle emissions from biogas and LPG stoves. Most PM 2.5 emissions from gas stoves were attributed to food frying and stove ignition (90%), not the gas fuel (10%), implying that there is a limit to emission reductions that can be achieved with improved fuels.
A Novel Approach for Water Conservation and Plume Abatement in Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers
Authors: Wang Weishu , Ge Xuewen , Zhao Shifei , Zheng Haonan , Xu Weihui , Lv Jiatong , Zhu Ge
Published: November 2019

While the visible plume from a cooling tower is not a pollutant, it can affect the surrounding environment. Moreover, the accompanied evaporation loss has a great potential for wastewater recovery. In the present study, a novel coupling technology for water conservation and plume abatement was proposed, and its feasibility was verified by using thermodynamic analysis. A surface-type heat exchanger was designed and a thermodynamic calculation model was established. Next, based on the principle of “no plume,” the effect of the number of heat exchanger units (N) and the circulating water volume (G) on the water conservation and plume abatement was evaluated under design condition. Results showed that the optimized parameters for the operation of the cooling towers were N = 8 and G < 3000 m3/h, which have a good effect on water conservation and plume abatement. Furthermore, as per the condensation calculation model, the average water conservation amount was 1.105 kg/s and the annual water conservation amount reached 2.8641 × 107 kg.
Structures and Applications of Thermoresponsive Hydrogels and Nanocomposite-Hydrogels Based on Copolymers with Poly (Ethylene Glycol) and Poly (Lactide-Co-Glycolide) Blocks
Authors: Maeda Tomoki
Published: November 2019

Thermoresponsive hydrogels showing biocompatibility and degradability have been under intense investigation for biomedical applications, especially hydrogels composed of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and hydrophobic poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as first-line materials. Even though various aspects such as gelation behavior, degradation behavior, drug-release behavior, and composition effect have been studied for 20 years since the first report of these hydrogels, there are still many outputs on parameters affecting their gelation, structure, and application. In this review, the current trends of research on linear block copolymers composed of PEG and PLGA during the last 5 years (2014–2019) are summarized. In detail, this review stresses newly found parameters affecting thermoresponsive gelation, findings from structural analysis by simulation, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), etc., progress in biomedical applications including drug delivery systems and regeneration medicine, and nanocomposites composed of block copolymers with PEG and PLGA and nanomaterials (laponite).
Cognitive Mediators of School-Related Socio-Adaptive Behaviors in ASD and Intellectual Disability Pre- and Adolescents: A Pilot-Study in French Special Education Classrooms
Authors: Mazon Cécile , Fage Charles , Consel Charles , Amestoy Anouck , Hesling Isabelle , Bouvard Manuel , Etchegoyhen Kattalin , Sauzéon Hélène
Published: November 2019

The school inclusion of students with autism is still a challenge. To address the cognitive underpinnings of school-related adaptive behaviors, 27 students with autism and 18 students with intellectual and/or severe learning disability, aged from 11 to 17, were recruited. They underwent socio-emotional processing and executive functioning assessments, as well as school-related adaptive behavior and quality of life measurements. Both groups performed equally on socio-emotional and executive assessments, and they reported the same low quality of life. However, students with autism exhibited more limitations than the students with intellectual disabilities on complex school adaptive behaviors (socialization and autonomy) and problem behaviors, but both groups performed equally on more basic adaptive behaviors (school routines, communication). Multiple regression analyses highlighted between-group differences in terms of adaptive functioning profiles, which were linked with different cognitive predictors according to students’ medical conditions. The greater school-related limitations of students with autism were mostly explained by socio-emotional performance, while IQ (intellectual quotient) mostly explained the comparable between-group limitations. The low quality of life of both groups was slightly explained by executive performance. The role of both socio-emotional and executive functioning in students’ adaptive behaviors and quality of life suggests remediation targets for promoting the school inclusion of students with autism.
The Study of Network Community Capacity to be a Subject: Digital Discursive Footprints
Authors: Voronin Anatoly N. , Grebenschikova Taisiya A. , Kubrak Tina A. , Nestik Timofey A. , Pavlova Natalya D.
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the assessment of the network community as a collective subject, as a group of interconnected and interdependent persons performing joint activities. According to the main research hypothesis, various forms of group subjectness, which determine its readiness for joint activities, are manifested in the discourse of the network community. Discourse constitutes a network community, mediates the interaction of its participants, represents ideas about the world, values, relationships, attitudes, sets patterns of behavior. A procedure is proposed for identifying discernible traces of the subjectness of a network community at various levels (lexical, semantic, content-analytical scales, etc.). The subjective structure of the network community is described based on experts’ implicit representations. The revealed components of the subjectness of network communities are compared with the characteristics of the subjectness of offline social groups. It is shown that the structure of the subjectness of network communities for some components is similar to the structure of the characteristics of the subjectness of offline social groups: the discourse of the network community represents a discussion of joint activities, group norms, and values, problems of civic identity. The specificity of network communities’ subjectness is revealed, which is manifested in the positive support of communication within the community, the identification and support of distinction between “us” and “them”. Two models of the relationship between discursive features and the construct “subjectness” are compared: additive-cumulative and additive. The equivalence of models is established based on the discriminativeness and the level of consistency with expert evaluation by external criteria.
Cancer Cell Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles for Cancer Management
Authors: Harris Jenna C. , Scully Mackenzie A. , Day Emily S.
Published: November 2019

Cancer is a global health problem in need of transformative treatment solutions for improved patient outcomes. Many conventional treatments prove ineffective and produce undesirable side effects because they are incapable of targeting only cancer cells within tumors and metastases post administration. There is a desperate need for targeted therapies that can maximize treatment success and minimize toxicity. Nanoparticles (NPs) with tunable physicochemical properties have potential to meet the need for high precision cancer therapies. At the forefront of nanomedicine is biomimetic nanotechnology, which hides NPs from the immune system and provides superior targeting capabilities by cloaking NPs in cell-derived membranes. Cancer cell membranes expressing “markers of self” and “self-recognition molecules” can be removed from cancer cells and wrapped around a variety of NPs, providing homotypic targeting and circumventing the challenge of synthetically replicating natural cell surfaces. Compared to unwrapped NPs, cancer cell membrane-wrapped NPs (CCNPs) provide reduced accumulation in healthy tissues and higher accumulation in tumors and metastases. The unique biointerfacing capabilities of CCNPs enable their use as targeted nanovehicles for enhanced drug delivery, localized phototherapy, intensified imaging, or more potent immunotherapy. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art in CCNP technology and provides insight to the path forward for clinical implementation.