bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection and Investigation of Some Properties of the Regulators of Antibiotic Biosynthesis Produced by Streptomyces Strains S. sp. AN26 and S. sp. B35
Authors:   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Matselyukh B.P.
Published: December 2021

The aim of this work was the isolation, purification and some properties investigation of two regulators of antibiotic biosynthesis of streptomycetes. Methods includes extraction of regulators from agar cultures and their concentration by vacuum rotary evaporator, thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometry. Results. Two strains of streptomycetes AN26 and B35 isolated from soils of different regions of Ukraine produce the regulators restoring the landomycin E biosynthesis and sporulation in mutant strain Streptomyces globispoprus 1912-B2. Both regulators were purified by thin layer chromatography and have the same Rf 0.69. Absorption curves of regulators were established by means of spectrophotometry. Maxima of absorption of regulators were 232.5 nm. The next study of the isolated regulators by means of NMR will give the possibility to elucidate their molecular structures. Conclusions. It is shown that two strains of streptomycetes isolated from the soils of Askania Nova and Brovary produce transcriptional regulators such as signaling molecules, which, like A-factor, restore the biosynthesis of antibiotics landomycin E and streptomycin in test strains S. globisporus 1912-B2 and S. griseis 1439, respectively. In terms of absorption maxima, they are similar and differ from similar indicators of known regulators of streptomycetes. It is possible that these compounds belong to new, not yet described signaling molecules, and the answer to this question will give future studies of their molecular structure by NMR spectroscopy.
Inhibitors of Corrosion Induced by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria
Authors:   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Purish L.M. , Abdulina D.R. ,   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Iutynska G.O. ,   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine
Published: December 2021

Currently, a lot of researcher’s attention is devoted to the problem of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), since it causes huge damages to the economy, initiating the destruction of oil and gas pipelines and other underground constructions. To protect industrial materials from MIC effects an organic chemical inhibitors are massively used. However, the problem of their use is associated with toxicity, dangerous for the environment that caused the need for development the alternative methods of MIC repression. At the review, the data about different types of inhibitors-biocides usage has provided. The chemical inhibitors features are given and the mechanisms of their protective action are considered. The screening results and use of alternative and eco-friendly methods for managing the effect of corrosion caused by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are highlighted. Methods of joint application of chemical inhibitors and enhancers, such as chelators, biosurfactants, which contribute to reducing the concentration of chemical inhibitors, are discussed. The possibility of disruption of the quorum sensing interaction in the bacterial community to prevent the biofilm formation is considered. The information about the use of natural plant extracts, food waste, as well as by-products of agro-industrial production to combat MIC is provided. The development of biological corrosion control methods (to combat MIC) is of great importance for creating the best alternative and eco-friendly approaches to managing the effect of corrosion caused by SRB. The analysis of the literature data indicates the need to find the best alternatives and environmentally friendly solutions.
ПОЛІПШЕННЯ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЙНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК СИНТЕТИЧНИХ АЛМАЗІВ ДЛЯ ВИСОКОПРЕЦИЗІЙНОГО АЛМАЗНОГО ПРАВЛЯЧОГО ІНСТРУМЕНТУ
Authors: Лавріненко Валерій Іванович , Ільницька Галина Дмитрівна , Шейко Максим Миколайович , Доброскок Володимир Ленінмирович , Островерх Євген Володимирович , Солод Володимир Юрійович
Published: December 2021

Вступ. Підприємствам машинобудування України, особливо двигунобудівним та авіаційним, потрібен прецизійнийалмазний правлячий інструмент. Для його ефективного використання необхідним є застосування в них порошків синтетичного алмаза високої якості з контрольованими характеристиками показників міцності та термостійкості, а також геометричних розмірів зерен.Проблематика. Синтетичні алмази синтезуються в різних ростових системах, тому суттєво різняться за наявністю в них внутрішньокристалічних домішок і включень, а відтак і за різними властивостями.Мета. Дослідження можливостей поліпшення фізико-механічних властивостей алмазних шліфпорошків шляхом ефективного сортування за дефектністю поверхні зерен шліфпорошків.Матеріали і методи. В алмазних порошках АС65–АС250 визначали фізико-механічні характеристики: міцність при статичному стисненні, коефіцієнт однорідності за міцністю, термостійкість та питому магнітну сприйнятливість. Елементний склад домішок і включень у порошках визначали рентгенофлуоресцентним інтегральним аналізом за допомогою растрового електронного мікроскопу «BS-340» та енергодисперсійного аналізатора рентгенівських спектрів «Link-860».Результати. Показано, що розділення алмазів в магнітному полі різної напруженості сприяє отриманню шліф порошків, які різняться між собою за вмістом в них домішок і включень, а відтак і змінюються їхні фізико-механічніхарактеристики. Загалом кристали алмазів всіх систем, що містять меншу кількість домішок і включень, мають вищу міцність. Для досягнення цього здійснюється спеціальне сортування шліфпорошків алмаза. Для цього удос коналено спосіб адгезійно-магнітного сортування алмазних шліфпорошків, де передбачено обробку поверхні зереншліфпорошків шляхом нанесення електропровідних тонкодисперсних частинок і адгезійного закріплення їх на поверхні зерен алмаза для створення набутих електричних властивостей.Висновки. Застосування в інструменті таких спрямовано поліпшених алмазних шліфпорошків дозволяє під вищити ефективність алмазного правлячого інструменту.
«ІННОВАЦІЙНЕ» МІСТО ЯК РЕЗУЛЬТАТ ЕВОЛЮЦІЇ ПРОСТОРОВОЇ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ МІСТА «РОЗУМНОГО»
Authors: Плешкановська Алла
Published: December 2021

Вступ. Початок третього тисячоліття ознаменовано потужним впровадженням IT-технологій в усі сфери життє діяльності суспільства, зокрема й на перетворення просторової організації міста в цілому.Проблематика. Функціональна та соціально-планувальна організація території міст, що склалася в період індустріалізації та повоєнного відновлення, все глибше входить в протиріччя із загально-світовими тенденціями формування комфортного середовища існування сучасної людини та потребує реформування.Мета. Визначення тенденцій формування функціонально-планувальної організації міського простору в постіндустріальний період розвитку суспільства; встановлення напрямів трансформації території і забудови сформованого міста в місто інноваційне.Матеріали й методи. Систематизація результатів дослідження наукових публікацій, законодавчо-нормативної бази та інформаційних джерел проєктування міст; графоаналітичний метод аналізу проєктно-планувальної документації; структурне та логічне моделювання.Результати. Охарактеризовано еволюційні етапи трансформації парадигми «ідеального» міста від міст епохи Відродження до «розумних» та «інноваційних» міст. Виявлено концептуальні відмінності просторової організації «розумного» і «інноваційного» міста; сформульовано особливості «горизонтальної» й «вертикальної» поліфункціоналізації міського простору. Розроблено принципи та рекомендації щодо можливої трансформації території вітчизняних міст.Висновки. Принципи формування комфортного і безпечного середовища еволюціонують відповідно до технікотех нологічного й соціального базису розвитку суспільства. Активне впровадження ІТ-технологій на сучасному етапі викликає необхідність трансформації міського простору від монофункціонального використання територій до горизонтальної та вертикальної поліфункціоналізаціі. Такі тенденції вимагають свого обов’язкового закріплення в законодавчо-нормативній базі містобудівного проєктування для подальшого впровадження в практику комплексної реконструкції вітчизняних міст.
Features of Strain Hardening of Heterogeneous Aluminium Alloys to Enhance the Fatigue Durability
Authors: Zasimchuk O. E. , Chausov M. G. , Mordyuk B. M. , Baskova O. I. , Zasimchuk V. I. , Turchak T. V. , Gatsenko O. S.
Published: December 2021

Heterogeneous aluminium alloys are in demand in the aviation industry, where the ability of the material to withstand fatigue loads is important. The topic of the article is the search for the most experimentally available methods of deformation effect on such materials in order to increase fatigue life. Unfortunately, previous studies were ambiguous due to the large number of factors influencing the fatigue of metal materials under the same type of mechanical load; so, we chose a dynamic load with pulse loading. It turned out that for heterogeneous 2024-T351 and D16CzATW alloys, shock–vibration loading (SVL) applied during static straining prolongs their further fatigue life at a certain magnitude of the deformation during the action of the pulse. For example, for the 2024-T351 alloy at the maximum stress of alternating load σmax = 400 MPa, the longest fatigue life should be expected at deformations εimp = 2–4%; and at the maximum stress of alternating (fatigue) loading of 440 MPa, it is at εimp = 3–5%. In comparison with the average values of fatigue life of the D16CzAT alloy in the initial state, fatigue life after processing increases at σmax = 340 MPa alloy by 11.6%, at a stress of σmax = 370 MPa, by 18.4%, at a stress of σmax = 400 MPa, by 21.2%. The positive effect of long-term exposure after treatment on fatigue life was also noted. The influence of the strengthening phases, such as the nanosize Θ-Al2Cu and S-CuAl2Mg particles, on the separate stages of pre-treatment of alloys and the effects of their quantities on total fatigue durability is investigated by statistical methods of transmission electron microscopy. The great attention is paid to the mechanism of formation of fatigue fracture embryos in the near-surface areas of the samples, for which analytical calculations and the experimental method of ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT) are used. It is shown that the use of UIT after SVL does not affect the fatigue life of the 2024-T351 alloy at a fatigue load frequency of 15 Hz, while the single UIT increases fatigue life of the alloy. It is concluded that the use of complex deformation loads accelerates the relaxation processes, which shorten fatigue life.
Praktek Al-‘Urf: Istinbat Hukum Dalam Transaksi Ekonomi Kontemporer
Authors: Rahman Muh Fudhail
Published: December 2021

Praktek ekonomi saat ini seakan tidak ada kata henti untuk terus menerus dikembangkan. Baik dalam ranah wacana, regulasi serta pemahaman dalam mindset kaum muslimin dan masyarakat. Salah satunya adalah kebiasaan dan tradisi yang terkait dengan praktek akad dan produk ekonomi syariah, yang dikenal dengan ‘urf atau adat. Tulisan berikut memarparkan tentang bahasan urf dan adat dari aspek defenisi, wacana yang diperdebatkan oleh para ulama dan cendekiawan, hingga pada implementasi dalam kehidupan saat ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan berikut adalah deskriptif analisis. Tulisan ini mendukung dan menguatkan bahwa kajian ‘urf dan adat dalam wacana istibath hukum Islam, termasuk dalam kajian perkembangan ekonomi syariah memiliki peran yang tidak bisa diabaikan. Kedua sumber hukum Islam legal dan absah sebagai salah satu metode memutuskan hukum Islam.
DEVELOPMENT A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR RESEARCHING DYNAMIC PROCESSES IN THE LABYRINTH SEAL OF CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR STAGE
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Mikryukov Anton , Modorskii Vladimir ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Cherepanov Ivan ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: December 2021

Research of dynamic processes occurring under real operating conditions of centrifugal compressors often require the use of interdisciplinary approaches. This is determined by the character of the processes, which significantly affect each other during the compressor operation. However, when using interdisciplinary approaches, there are difficulties in the numerical implementation. They are associated with the need to take into account all the geometric and physical features of the processes under research, which leads to significant time and computational costs. At this article discusses issues related to the causes of oscillatory processes in the centrifugal compressor stage, in particular, in the labyrinth seal channel. In the article using 2FSI approach allowing to take into account the bilateral interaction of physical process on another. The article discusses issues related to the causes of oscillatory processes in the centrifugal compressor stage, in particular, in the labyrinth seal channel. The computational domain of research is presented, conceptual and mathematical statements are performed, which allow describing, among other things, self-oscillatory processes using the 2FSI approach.
Assessment of the Thermal Performance of Vertical Green Walls Using Overall Thermal Transfer Value Based BIM Simulation Method: Case Study of Residential Buildings in Sub-Tropics
Authors:   School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia, Bahdad Ali Ahmed Salem ,   Department of Architectural Engineering & Environmental Planning, College of Engineering and Petroleum, Hadhramout University (HU), Mukalla, Yemen, Fadzil Sharifah Fairuz Syed ,   School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia, Onubi Hilary Omatule ,   School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
Published: December 2021

Construction of multifunctional building envelopes using vertical greenery walls (VGW) has emerged as a sustainable green technology to improving cooling efficiency. To attaining the desired level of building cooling performance, VGW and overall thermal transfer value (OTTV) of the walls are useful design factors. The study aims to revise the current VGW evaluation, considering the decreased heat flux due to thermal efficiency of wall construction based on OTTV values. To achieve this, OTTV based Building Information Modelling (BIM) simulation method was proposed using Autodesk-Revit and DesignBuilder simulation based on EnergyPlus. Six wall compositions with various OTTV values of south facade for residential buildings located in sub-tropical in cooling season, were evaluated. The findings demonstrate that in the presence of a green system, a good OTTV value of the exterior walls is required for optimal performance, to keep the space within set point of cooling for long time during the cooling season. The comparisons between the bare walls and the VGW have demonstrated a great variation due to the different OTTV reached up to 6.57% and 18.44% reduction in indoor air temperature. The best combination of VGW resulted a maximum of 1.2°C reduction in indoor air temperature, with number of hours (within 28°C or less) were higher by 2506h, representing 85.59% of the overall number of hours (2928h). Overall cooling energy saving is found as 103.3kwh, representing 13.63% of the total of energy saving, and decreased the heat gained by 38.82%, representing 61.51kwh reduction during cooling season compared to base wall.
Synthesis of New Pyrazole Compounds via Diketonic Michael Adducts
Authors: ÇINAR Seda , EREN Aslı
Published: December 2021

Pyrazole ring containing heterocyclic molecules have been known to show biological activity. In this work, by realizing the cyclization reactions of diketonic Michael adducts, synthesis of new pyrazole compounds was accomplished. Diketonic Michael adducts were prepared in low-good yields by the addition reactions of acetylacetone to nitrovinyl arene compounds in the presence of piperidine. Pyrazole compounds were obtained in high yields via the cyclization reactions of these molecules. Structures of all the addition and the cyclization products were clarified by using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS techniques.
Results of the Research on the Allelopathic Effect Between the Neophyte Species, Iva Xanthiifolia Nutt. (“Ierboaia”) and Some Agricultural Crops
Authors: HODIŞAN Nicolae
Published: December 2021

Iva xanthiifolia Nutt., popularly known as “ierboaie”, is a neophyte invasive species notorious for being an allergenic weed, identified in the west of Romania, in two locations near Oradea, in Bihor County, near the border with Hungary. This species belongs to the allergenic weeds, being considered by some even more dangerous than Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., the two representing in summer the primary source of allergies, or diseases like hay fever, due to the pollen released in the atmosphere.The research is about the results of the allelophatic effect upon the germination and growth of plants, immediately after springing, viewed as the interaction between the species of Iva xanthiifolia and five other crop plants: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rape (Brassica napus L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa).

The experiments that were performed consisted in applying treatments with aqueous extracts obtained from different vegetative organs (roots, leaves, stems and seeds) harvested from Iva xanthiifolia plants. In all cases, the results indicate a rather large inhibitor effect, no matter if the aqueous extracts were obtained from green plants or dehydrated ones.
Experimental Research Concerning the Cleaning System of Various Cereals Harvesting Combines
Authors: ILEA Radu , TONEA Cornelia , TONEA Elena
Published: December 2021

The separation of seeds from the heap is effected thanks to the vibration of the flat sieves. The efficiency of the cleaning process of the sieves from the cleaning system depends on the following factors: the inclination of the sieves, the sieves size and mainly of the character of the relative movements of the seeds on the sieve, respectively the cinematic regime of the sieves.

This paper presents a comparative study regarding the different types of cereals harvesting combines with a view to work techniques.
Mechanized Application of the Microbial Inoculants at Vegetable Plants Sowing
Authors: MANEA Dragoş , MARIN Eugen , SORICĂ Cristian , NEDELCU Ancuţa
Published: December 2021

Agroinoculants are alternative products for the agrochemical products, their use reduces environmental pollution and contamination of food. The equipment for microbial inoculants application is designed to the modern technology of sowing and inoculating hoeing plants and vegetables, being used to apply a targeted suspension of bacteria inoculated in the best area for rhizosphere colonization for improve plants nutrition, protection, stimulation and soil structure. This paper presents the results obtained at the tests accomplished in laboratory conditions of the equipment for microbial inoculants application INOC, which has been designed, realized and tested at INMA Bucharest. Performing the laboratory tests it have been determined following qualitative working index: pump debit, nozzles debit, substance norms, stirring system efficiency.
Experimental Researches Regarding Determination of Soil Cone Index in a Soil-Tyre Interaction Process
Authors: MOLNAR Adrian , ROŞ Victor , DROCAŞ Ioan , RANTA Ovidiu , STĂNILĂ Sorin , MARIAN Ovidiu
Published: December 2021

Soil compaction mainly occurs in occasions related with agricultural traffic, when the soil is subjected to various applied loads by different types of agricultural implements. Soil surface compaction and deep soil compaction occurs because of soil-tyre interaction process that will modify the initial stress state. This will alter the initial soil physical properties, so it is possible to evaluate the soil compaction by measuring their variation. This paper presents a tool and a method for experimental determination, in laboratory conditions, of soil cone index at soil-tyre interface layer and on soil profile, being focused only on data related with soil cone index influenced by wheel load and number of passes.

The analysis of measured data showed that the analyzed method for experimental determination of soil cone index can be used also in field conditions, for studies related with spatial variation of soil cone index due to agricultural traffic.
Influence of Disc Kinematic Regime Used in No Tillage Technology, on Germinative Bed Cone Index
Authors: RANTA Ovidiu , DROCAŞ Ioan , STANILA Sorin , MOLNAR Adrian , MARIAN Ovidiu
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the disc velocity influence on soil cone index during no-tillage process. The practical research was done in laboratory conditions (soil bin) at the Hohenheim University, Stuttgart, Germany with three different coulters disc for no till.
Systemic Evaluation of Energy Production from Biomass in a Life Cycle Perspective
Authors: ROŞ Victor , ROŞ Olimpia
Published: December 2021

The study is aimed at evaluating the potential of biomass energy production as an alternative to fossil fuel depletion and to analyse the environmental benefits and drawbacks of using biomass. Synthetic data related to Romanian case are presented and a method of biomass potential assessment is developed. A life cycle assessment methodology is presented in order to evaluate the environmental impacts. The paper concludes by summarizing the biomass energy production potential and suggests steps for identifying and utilisation of biomass for energy.
Adjustment of Distribution Uniformity for Atom-300 Sprayer in Order to Reduce Environmental Pollution
Authors: STĂNILĂ Sorin , DROCAŞ Ioan , MARIAN Ovidiu , MOLNAR Adrian , RANTA Ovidiu
Published: December 2021

In this paper we show how to adjust distribution uniformity for ATOM 300 sprayer used for orchards and vineyards for reducing of the environment pollution (earth, water) through rational use of the chemical substances used at plant protection treatment. The main objective is the exact measurement of the outflow of all nozzles at a certain pressure or at different pressure.
Researches on the Influence of Fertilization on the Yield and Its Quality with the Corn Cropped in Portaresti – Segarcea, Dolj
Authors: STEFAN M. , CONSTANTINESCU Emilia , RADU V.
Published: December 2021

The experiment has researched the influence of the climatic condition and the fertilizers on the level and the quality of the yields. In this manner, the grain yields have ranged between 8,040 and 10,260 kg/ha, the grain output for 1 kg of fertilizer being between 10.7 and 16.8 kg and the protein content in function of the fertilization was of 12.4 – 12.7%.
Prevalence of Some Severe Diseases Diagnosed to 0-7 Years Old Children, in the Baia Mare Region
Authors: JELEA Stela-Gabriela , JELEA Marian
Published: December 2021

This study monitored the prevalence of some severe conditions diagnosed among children, for ages comprised between 0 and 7, during the period 2000-2005.
Lactic Bacteria as Protective Starters
Authors: THONART P , KOUAKOU P , COULIBALY Dora I , YAO A , GHALFI H , DIOP M , AGUILAR A , DELVIGNE F , DESTAIN J
Published: December 2021

Lactic acid bacteria isolated by screening method from traditional food products of African countries were tested for their ability to produce bacteriocin an antimicrobial substances acting against other bacteria. Some of these bacteriocins allow the inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes, a food-bome pathogen responsible for human listeriosis.

However, food ingredients caused an inefficient action of bacteriocins produced by several lactic acid bacteria against Listeria monocytogenes achieving the phenomenon of Listeria growth rebound in bacteriocin-supplemented food models. Recently, new starter cultures of lactic acid bacteria with an industrially important functionality are being developed.

The latter can contribute to inhibit the rebounding phenomenon of Listeria and offer one or more organoleptic, technological, nutritional, or health advantages.
Researches Regarding the Species Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Le Conte in Sibiu County
Authors: ANTONIE Iuliana , SPANU Simona , ILIU Adriana
Published: December 2021

From the very beginning of the recording of its appearance in Europe as well as in

our country the published material emphasized the harmful potential of the pest Diabrotica virgifera

virgifera also drawing the attention to the scientific world and to the farmers as well upon this factor

of reduction of the production of corn.

In Sibiu County this species was first recorded in 2001, coming from West, at the border with

Alba County. The first gatherings were done in Miercurea Sibiului. The investigation was done during

2001–2009 concerning in: monitoring the adults and the larvae, the identification of the attacked

plants, the way of harming both for the adults and larvae. The gathering area was extended to 37

localities in Sibiu County. The researches were done in the field in single corn cultures occupying

surfaces larger then 2 hectares where put pheromone traps were “Atravirg” and yellow traps (panels).

There was gathered a total number of 2,149 adults. In the lab there were analyzed plants presenting the

so called swan neck as well as healthy plants. Their roots were weighed. The localities in the Sibiu

County that were most affected by the attack of the pest were Agnita and Ocna Sibiului. The large

share cultivated with corn, the single culture of corn as well as the climate brought their contribution

to the spreading of this pest in the territory of Sibiu County.
Researches Regarding Plant Growth Biology of Chrysanthemum Cinerariaefolium (Trev.) Vis. in Its First Year of Vegetation
Authors: ARDELEAN Anca Eva , MORAR Gavrilă
Published: December 2021

Starting a pyrethrum crop through seedling requires knowledge of the necessary time to produce it and of the leaves number dynamic per plant up to a growth stage that allows field transplantation.

By monitoring leaves on plants elected in a seedbed, from early phases of development, it was observed that emergence period of the optimal leaves number for planting, extends to one and a half months. Plants and their average number of leaves have a very low rhythm of growth.
Opportunities for Solid Waste Energy Recovery in Rural Transylvania
Authors: BORZA Gheorghe Vasile , ROS Victor , DEAC Teodora
Published: December 2021

The socio-economic conditions facing the world today, both globally and nationally, recovering energy from solid waste is required as a necessity. Getting heat to contribute to the heating and domestic hot water is beneficial not only in terms of increased living standards and the use of alternative energy sources, but also in terms of creating jobs in the processing waste-producing industries and the development of necessary technologies conversion. Also, accessing specific EU funds will lead to an accelerated rural development in the spirit of sustainable development concepts and strategy of the society.

In this context, the paper aims to identify the main types of solid waste available in rural areas of Transylvania and their energy potential. It also addresses opportunities for energy recovery and the correlation can be done between physical and chemical characteristics and solid waste conversion technologies to obtain solid biofuels as a source of heat and conversion technologies used for this purpose.
Study Regarding the Air Speed Created by the Axial Fan of the Orchard Spraying Machines
Authors: DROCAŞ Ioan , MARIAN Ovidiu , RANTA Ovidiu , MOLNAR Adrian , STĂNILĂ Sorin , MUNTEAN Mircea
Published: December 2021

The paper has studied how the speed of air is changed at different distances from the circumference of the fan and at various heights at the distance between rows of 3 m, using ATOM 1000 orchard sprayer machine. Experimental tests have shown that airflow speed changes along the circumference of the fan depending on the distance and position. The direction of rotation of the fan in a clockwise direction influences the airflow speed, being higher on the right side.

When measuring vertical airflow velocity (3m distance between rows), there can be observed a slowing of the airflow speed along winth height, maximum speed is at 1 m above ground. Also here can be observed that the speed of airflow in the right side is higher on all points measured
Spatial Soil Temperature and Moisture Monitoring Across the Transylvanian Plain in Romania
Authors: HAGGARD Beatrix , RUSU Teodor , WEINDORF David , CACOVEAN Horea , MORARU Paula , Mara SOPTEREAN
Published: December 2021

The Transylvanian Plain, Romania is an important region for agronomic productivity. However, limited soils data and adoption of best management practices hinder land productivity. Soil temperatures of the Transylvanian Plain were evaluated using a set of twenty datalogging stations positioned throughout the plain. Soil temperatures were monitored at the surface and at 10, 30, and 50 cm depths, and soil moisture was monitored at 10 cm. Preliminary results indicate that most soils of the Transylvanian Plain will have a mesic temperature regime. However, differences in seasonal warming and cooling trends across the plain were noted. These have important implications for planting recommendations.

Growing degree days (GDDs) are preferred over maturity ratings, because they can account for temperature anomalies. The crop being considered for this study was corn. The base temperature (BT) was set at 10oC, and the upper threshold was 30oC. Two methods were used to calculate GDDs; 1) minimum and maximum daily temperatures, and 2) 24 h of averaged temperature data. Growing degree days were run from 110-199 day of year (DOY) to represent approximate planting date to tasseling. The DOY that 694 accumulated growing degree days (AGDDs) was reached at each site was then analyzed to identify differences across the TP. Three sites failed to reach 694 AGDDs by DOY 199, and were excluded from comparisons to other results. Averaged values were used to create spline interpolation maps with ArcMap 9.2 (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA). The southeastern portion of the TP was found to tassel a month earlier assuming a planting date of 109 DOY. Four DeKalb® corn hybrids were then selected based on GDDs to tasseling, drydown, drought tolerance, and insect resistance. With a better understanding of the GDD trends across the TP, more effective planting and harvesting could be accomplished by Romanian farmers to maximize agronomic production.
Partial Last Square “NIR-CP” Model for Forages from Hill Permanent Grassland
Authors: HĂRMĂNESCU Monica , MOISUC Alexandru , SĂRĂŢEANU Veronica , BOROZAN Aurica , GERGEN Iosif
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to perform a NIR calibration model for crude protein prediction of forages harvested in June 2009 from hill permanent grassland (Gradinari, Caras-Severin District) organized in ten experimental trials fertilized organic, mineral, and organo-mineral. The soil was Calcic Luvisol and the annual average temperature around 10.4oC. The floristic composition was determined gravimetrically. From Poaceae were present Festuca rupicola and Calamagrostis epigejos. Fabaceae family was represented by Trifolium repens and Lathyrus pratensis. From other botanical family: Rosa canina, Filipendula vulgaris, Galium verum and Inula britanica.

Like input data was used the results for this parameter by Kjeldahl chemical method and the reflectance values from NIR spectra for analysed samples. Partial last square (PLS) regression was selected to perform the multivariate analysis to obtain the “NIR-CP” model, implemented in Panorama program (version 3, LabCognition, 2009).

The statistical parameters (R2=0.8630; RMSEC=1.2844) and the differences between references and predicted values situated in range 0.03 - 1.73 % shows that it is promising to use this calibration model to evaluate the quality of forages from grassland in this period of year.
Average Trends Over Millennia of Evolution Supervised by Genetic Algorithms. Analysis of Phenotypes
Authors: JÄNTSCH Lorentz , BOLBOACĂ Sorana , DIUDEA Mircea , SESTRAŞ Radu
Published: December 2021

A genetic algorithm (GA) had been developed and implemented in order to identify the optimal solution in term of determination coefficient and estimation power of a multiple linear regression approach on structure-activity relationships. The Molecular Descriptors Family was used for structure characterization of a sample of 206 polychlorinated biphenyls with measured octanol-water partition coefficients as case study. The research aimed to analyze the degree of association between the number of viable genotypes in cultivar in generations when the evolution occurred and the selection and survival strategies. The GA was run by 46 times and the Anderson-Darling test was used to compared the distribution laws of populations occurred by using different pairs of survival and selection strategies. The records of genotypes number were analyzed and the conclusions were highlighted.
Experimental Researches Regarding Determination of Soil Deformations for Applied Studies Related with Soil Compaction
Authors: MOLNAR Adrian , ROŞ Victor , DROCAŞ Ioan , RANTA Ovidiu , STĂNILĂ Sorin , MARIAN Ovidiu
Published: December 2021

Soil compaction mainly occurs when the soil is subjected to various applied loads by different types of agricultural implements because of a soil-tyre interaction process influenced by several factors (some factors being related with implements technical characteristics and other factors being related with soil physical and mechanical properties). In general, the agricultural traffic will modify the initial stress state in the soil and it’s one of the main causes for soil soil surface compaction and deep soil compaction. This paper presents a tool and a method for experimental determination, in laboratory conditions, of soil deformations at soil-tyre interface layer and on soil profile.

The analysis of measured data showed that the analyzed method for experimental determination of soil deformations can be used also in field conditions, e.g. for studies related with spatial studies on traffic intensity on agricultural fields.
Research on Lead Levels in Water and Meat Products Produced in the Town of Baia Mare
Authors: BUSECAN Ioana Aurelia , LASLO Cornel
Published: December 2021

Samples were processed by atomic absorption spectrometry method, with air acetylene flame and graphite furnace using AAS UNICAM 939 with solar program and ASA 50 PLUS VARIAN, wet digestion method, according to the manual issued by the Romanian Institute for Standardization Bucharest. Values were compared between groups nr.975/1998 then Ministry of Health, Statistical interpretation was performed by Student T-test in Excel program.
Contributions for Producing Biodegradabile Shock Absorbent Packaging
Authors: CIOICA Nicolae , TOMOAIA-COTIŞEL Maria , NAGY Mihaela , HOROVITZ Ossi , COŢA Constantin
Published: December 2021

Making biodegradable plastics is a concern of recent years, research in this field from universities, research institutes and enterprises are continuously developing. Biodegradable loose fill shock absorbent packaging are also part of the large class of biodegradable plastics and it is necessary for them to ensure, besides biodegradability, a number of technical requirements deriving from their utilization purposes: protection of breakable products during handling and transport. Packaging properties depends on both the type and proportion of materials that are part of the formula and the technology used in its manufacture, process characterized by certain technological parameters.

This paper presents some results obtained making a biodegradable loose fill packaging by corn-starch extrusion in the presence of plasticizers.
Contribution to Development and Modernization
Authors: NEDELCU Ancuta , CIUPERCA Radu , POPA Lucreţia
Published: December 2021

The cattle nourishing has a specific structure based on two principal stages producing high quality fodder in large quantities and fodder handling and distribution in order to ensure: animal’s rations; preservation of fodder nourishing qualities; losses and physical effort elimination. In order to modernize and develop the machine system designed at foddering process, two machines constructively conceived have been manufactured; they are able to perform several activities wither the technology of fodder preparing and supplying to cattle.

This article comparatively presents the technical performances and the working time structure obtained as a result of experimental researches in a stock-raising farm on a group of 100 milking cows and for similar working conditions.
Convective and Microwaves Dehydration Kinetics of Blackberry Fruit (Ribes nigrum L.)
Authors: JIANU Calin , COCAN Ileana , ALEXA Ersilia , DOGARU Diana , BUJANCA Gabriel
Published: December 2021

This work present the principal results of convective, microwave, and combined convective-microwave dehydration of blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum) grown and harvested (2009) in the geographic area Caraş-Severin (western Romania).
Use RAPD Technique for Characterization of Genotypical Variability of Maize Germplasm from SCDA Turda
Authors: POP Rodica , PAMFIL Doru , HÂRŢA Monica , HAŞ Ioan , POP Iulia
Published: December 2021

Genetic analysis with RAPD markers has been extensively used to determine diversity among maize genotypes. The aim of the present study was to estimate genetic relationships among 70 genotypes, provided from SCDA Turda Cluj germplasm collection. RAPD analysis was performed with 14 decamer primers.

These primers generated, among the studied genotypes, a number of polymorphic bands comprised between 13 bands (OPA 04) and 7 bands (OPAL 20). The highest numbers of polymorphic bands were obtained with primer OPA 04, respectively 13 bands, following by OPO 12 (12 polymorphic bands), OPAB 11 and OPA 17 (11 polymorphic bands). Lowest number was obtained with primer OPAL 20, respectively 7 polymorphic bands. Genetic distances were established using Nei-Li coefficient and UPGMA dendrogram was constructed with RAPDistance 1.04 software. The built dendrogram shows phylogenetic relationships between genotypes analyzed.
Researches on Amaranthus sp. Seed and Biomass Production in Pedoclimatic Conditions of Somesan Plateau, Romania
Authors: RUSU Teodor , MARIN Doru Ioan , CIONTU Costica , MIHALACHE Mircea , MORARU Paula Ioana , SOPTEREAN Mara Lucia , POP Adrian Ioan , POP Lavinia Ioana
Published: December 2021

The Amaranthus genotype species are cultivated as „pseudo cereals” because of their high content of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, comparable or even superior to cereals themselves. The experience aims to test the vegetative development of Amaranthus sp., in order to integrate it in the agricultural technologies, adaptated to climatic conditions from Somesan Plateau. Varieties tested are: Alegria, Amont, Pleisman, Golden, Mercado, Burgundi, Hopi Red Dye, Chihuahn, Opopeo, MT3, Plenitude and Intense Purpure.

Results obtained in seeds production of Amaranthus sp. shows very significant positive production of variants with densities of 100,000 plants/ha. Interaction of the variety of Amaranthus sp. upon density is much more diversified on the yields obtained and shows in case of density 70,000 plants/ha superiority of the variants: Alegria, Amont, Golden and Plenitude, and in case of 100,000 plants/ha variants: Amont, Golden, Hopi Red Dye, Plenitude and Intense Purpure. Influence of variety of Amaranthus sp. on biomass production shows the variants with the highest productivity as it follows: Plenitude, Alegria, Amont, Intense Purpure. Influence of density on biomass productivity of Amaranthus sp. is similar with the seeds productivity, namely 100,000 plants/ha provides very significant positive production compared with the average of the variants.
Approaches and Developments Regarding the Recognition and Evaluation af Property, Plant and Equipment. The Impairment Test
Authors: SIMTION Daniela , LUCA Roxana
Published: December 2021

The general accounting IASB framework for preparing and presenting financial statements sets the reference accounting model based on the recoverable historical cost and on the concept of nominal financial capital maintenance.

Going back to the regulations of the IAS, after recognition, a tangible asset can be measured and recorded in the accounts by choosing between two models – the model for determining the cost, and the revaluation model – following the permissiveness of the IAS.

Accounting must be at the same time normative (regulatory), meaning what must be (see the norms), positive, meaning what is (see the specific practices) and constructive, what isn’t (see synchronic and diachronic).

Standards are necessary to bring more uniformity in the accounting records. A global accounting requires rigid standards.
Setting up a Sustainable Training Center for Agricultural Consultancy in the North West and Central Region of Romania
Authors: ŞTEFĂNESCU Sorin Liviu , VIDICAN Roxana , MĂRGHITAŞ Liviu , SCHROEDER Ekkehardt , STERIU Simona
Published: December 2021

The Modernizing of Agricultural Knowledge and Information System (MAKIS) Project, financed through the World Bank Loan no. 4758-Ro, had through the component “Support for Advisory and Information Systems” (Official Monitor, 2005), the objective to set up Training and Information Centers in the main regions in Romania. A functional TIC for agriculture for the North-West and Central Region of Romania (counties Alba, Bistriţa, Cluj, Harghita, Maramureş, Mureş, Satu Mare, Sălaj), was set, fully integrated to and hosted by the USAMV Cluj.

It was planned as a permanent training and information center with wider and structured curricula as well as information providers for topics of regional importance that are readily accessible and applicable for the agricultural/rural population. Its main tasks are to: i) gather knowledge on agricultural technologies from within the country and abroad in order to meet both the farmers needs as well as EU requirements, ii) develop relevant extension packages and training modules for selected topics for each agro-farming area; iii) train trainers and providers of agricultural extension and advisory services and provide them accreditation, iv) train trainers and inspectors within the food safety system and provide them accreditation and v) train researchers on how to develop research proposals and integrate within the European Research area.

The training activity started in October 2008 and is ongoing. Overall there were trained: 80 food safety inspectors, 40 researchers and 400 extension staff. Each training session was organized for 20 participants and lasted between 1 (for researchers) to 4 weeks (for consultants).
The Importance of Humidity on Agricultural and Forestry Biomass in the Process of Pellets and Agri-Pellets Production
Authors: VLĂDUŢ Valentin , CHIŢOIU Mihai , DANCIU Aurel , MILITARU Mirela , LEHR Carol
Published: December 2021

Renewable energy represents a major interest field in the sustainable development of the energies reserve. Agri-pellets are an efficient version of the average pellet, both in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and in reducing energy costs. Agri-pellets are obtained through mixtures of vegetal and forestry waste, being an alternative to the usual pellets because the material that is used in the process can be easily found, especially in the case of farms.

Agricultural and forestry biomass represent the raw material for pellets and agri-pellets processing, a product that is used as an alternative energy source to classic versions (wood). The mixtures humidity is very important because it has a major impact on product quality. Determining the ideal humidity for each type of pellets/agri-pellets is important in order to establish optimal mixtures, this paper presenting research results on determining the humidity influence on pellet and agri-pellet recipes.
The Varietal Classification of Hops Products by Chemometrics Method
Authors: MUDURA Elena , BRATFALEAN Dorina , TOFANA Maria , SOCACI Sonia , PAUCEAN Adriana , TRUTA Delia Mihaela , MUDURA Valentin
Published: December 2021

The varietal clasification of hop products according with Romanian and European regulations is done in several groups according with their use in the brewing industry as aroma and bitter hops. The clasification is done according with some chemical parameters, but these do not garantee that the product is a pure variety or is a blanding. Using chemometric method as cluster analysis, clasification according with chemical description of hop products the clasification can be predicted more precisely.
Food Safety Procedures and Food Law Principles in European Union
Authors: NEACSU Ana Laura , TOFANA Maria
Published: December 2021

With a view to adopting a comprehensive, integrated "farm to table" approach, legislation must cover all aspects of the food production chain: primary production, processing, transport, distribution through to the sale or supply of food and feed. At all stages of this chain, the legal responsibility for ensuring the safety of foodstuffs rests with the operator and a similar system should apply to feed business operators.

The White Paper on Food Safety emphasizes the need for a policy underpinned by a sound scientific basis and up-to-date legislation. The EU legislation is designed to restore consumer confidence in the wake of recent food-related crises, with all the interested parties having a part to play: the general public, non-governmental organizations, professional associations, trading partners and international trade organizations.

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) enhances the current scientific and technical support system and its main task is to provide assistance and independent scientific advice, and to create a network geared to close cooperation with similar bodies in the Member States.

The recent food crises have shown that it is necessary to improve the procedures relating to food safety. For this reason, the scope of the rapid alert system was extended to cover animal feed and to identify measures to be taken in emergencies and for crisis management. A Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health is also being set up to replace the existing committees
Correlation of Some Substrate Parameters in Growing Lactobacillus acidophilus on Vegetable and Fruit Cocktail Juices
Authors: NICOLESCU Carmen Leane , BURULEANU Lavinia Claudia
Published: December 2021

Using Lactobacillus acidophilus stains is a challenge in producing lactic acid fermented vegetable and fruit juices. There were analysed the correlation between the most important physico-chemical parameters of the substrate and the bacterial biomass accumulation in two vegetable and fruit juices. The data were collected during a 48 hour lactic acid fermentation using usually chemical and microbiological methods. There was analysed the correlation between the reducing sugar content and the lactic acid production, the correlation between the pH and lactic acid production, the correlation between the reducing sugar of the substrate and the microbial biomass accumulation and also between the lactic acid production and biomass accumulation. These correlations were analysed using simple regression on scatter plots. They were best fitted by the polynomial equation where the highest R2 were calculated. The two last correlations had large differences between the two experimental batches so that regression is not satisfactory to describe them. If all parameters were considered using the multiple regression, the correlation had a medium value because the cell multiplication of the bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus in vegetable and fruit juices is influenced by many other environmental parameters. These had a large influence because juices are not the natural medium for this kind of lactic acid bacteria.
Researches Regarding the Dynamics of Some Lipolytic Changes in Beef and Pork During the Storage in Refrigerated or Frozen Form
Authors: POP Codrean , LASLO Cornel
Published: December 2021

The lipolytic changes in beef and pork during the storage in refrigerated or frozen form have been monitored in order to optimize the storage time and temperatures in storage rooms.