bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sicalipsis: el onirismo erótico en las comedias de tema grecorromano
Authors: Cano Alonso Pedro L.
Published: December 2023

En ocasión del quinto aniversario de la muerte del profesor Pedro L. Cano publicamos una contribución inédita que presentó bajo el título «Surrealismo erótico en las comedias de tradición griega y latina» en el marco del coloquio Historia Antigua a través del cine. Un Homenaje a Alberto Prieto, organizado por el profesor Borja Antela y celebrado el 9 de mayo de 2012 en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. Mantenemos el texto original con la expresión propia de una intervención oral.
Niñas pobres, pobres niñas. Menores tuteladas en Lugo durante el franquismo (1945-1960)
Authors: Cabana Iglesia Ana , López Fernández Tamara
Published: December 2023

El propósito de este artículo es acercarse a las condiciones de vida de un grupo social definido por su marginalidad. A partir de los expedientes incoados por el Tribunal Tutelar de Menores de Lugo examinamos la situación de la colectividad tutelada en esa provincia en la década de los cincuenta. Daremos cuenta de la actuación de la institución, tanto en su la facultad reformadora como protectora y sobre los menores de ambos sexos, pero analizaremos en detalle las problemáticas suscitadas por las menores. Niñas y muchachas expedientadas son un sujeto histórico que ha permanecido al margen del interés historiográfico que sí han merecido otros colectivos marginados. Las fuentes posibilitan una mirada específica a las menores del medio rural y trazar un perfil sobre las familias enjuiciadas. El resultado de este análisis micro es que los ritmos, rutinas y procedimientos del Tribunal demuestran una enorme continuidad con la década de 1940 y que ninguno de los cambios habidos en los discursos internacionales sobre tutela dejó huella en su actuación diaria.
THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING DIRECTIVE ON FINANCIAL REPORTING
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, Barangă Laurențiu Paul , Ifrim  Elena-Ioana ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
Published: December 2023

"The current concern about moving towards a sustainable environment and facilitating the green transition has led to the development of a new legislative framework, comprising as many companies as possible in the area of applicability, which will take steps to apply the new reporting requirements. The new legislative framework referred to in this article is called Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and will replace the Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD). Thus, the article follows the impact of CSRD on financial reporting, comprising a market study on the companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange and on the way in which the new legislative framework impacts the financial statements elaborated by them."
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE NANOPLATELETS COMPOSITE RESIN FABRICATED BY 3D PRINTING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Pa-art Chanwit , Nuansing Wiwat
Published: December 2023

Vat photopolymerization 3D printing, including LCD 3D printing, is a versatile method for the fabrication of complex structures with numerous applications. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) as an additive for improving the mechanical properties of carbon-filled composite resin for LCD 3D printing. Tensile testing was conducted on the 3D-printed samples using the ASTM D638 type V standard model. The results indicated that adding 0.1% w/w GNP with 20 sec of exposure time increased the elastic modulus of the specimen from 7.31±1.02 MPa to 9.38±0.37 MPa for x-orientation (horizontal) and from 7.62±0.93 MPa to 9.58±0.61 MPa for y-orientation (vertical). Furthermore, the maximum tensile strength increased from 3.87±1.13 MPa to 5.28±0.73 MPa for y-orientation and from 4.06±0.92 MPa to 5.49±0.49 MPa for x-orientation. These results demonstrate the efficacy of GNP as an effective additive for enhancing the mechanical properties of carbon-based composite resin in LCD 3D printing.
Escenarios de educación no formal en Colombia; potencialidades para la enseñanza de la física
Authors: Valderrama Daniel Alejandro , Pedreros Benavides Eliana Yizeth , Garzón Velasco Marlon Damian , Suarez Torres Edilberto
Published: December 2023

This research analyses non-formal education settings as potential environments for teaching Physics. The research was structured in two phases. In the first phase, a bibliometric analysis was carried out using RStudio’s Bibliometrix package and data obtained from the Web of Science database of publications that relate these settings and Physics teaching, making it possible to identify the current state of Physics teaching in non-formal contexts. In the second phase, an exhaustive search and follow-up of information on non-formal education settings in Colombia, such as museums, science centres, planetariums, and astronomical observatories, was carried out. The activities conducted in these places were examined and their potential for Physics education was analysed. This study will contribute to a more complete understanding of Physics teaching in non-formal settings and will identify opportunities for improvement in this area.
Experiencia de construcción para el laboratorio de física: la energía potencial elástica en la motorización de un móvil
Authors: Cyrulies Ernesto , Salomone Horacio
Published: December 2023

A work of design and construction of a prototype for the teaching of physics used in a lab work in teacher training at the National University of General Sarmiento within a subject that promotes the assembly of devices for experimentation is presented. Constructive aspects are detailed that can facilitate replicating it under certain considerations. The prototype was assembled with accessible elements and through basic workshop operations. The results of its implementation are shown with a didactic technical analysis and its testing in a real practice addressing physics content.
DNA barcoding of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from selected states in Nigeria based on mitochondrial DNA sequences
Authors: IYIOLA Oluyinka A. , ODUOLA Adedayo O. , ADEREMI Rahmat D. , ADELAJA Olukayode J. , LATEEF Adebola A. , ALABA Ademola E. , ADEJUWON Seun F. , FULANI Aliu S.
Published: December 2023

Tribolium castaneum also known as red flour beetle is one of the most important pests of stored grain product with a cosmopolitan distribution in Nigeria and all over the world contributing to food spoilage. The aim of this study was to characterize the T. castaneum by morphometric and molecular analyses. Samples of yam flour with evidence of the red flour beetles present inside were obtained from four locations in Kwara, Kogi, Oyo and Ekiti states in Nigeria. Morphological and molecular identifications of T. castaneum were carried out using standard methods. A dissecting microscope was used to identify the beetles and measurements were taken using ImageJ. Genomic DNA was extracted and checked on 1.5% agarose gel to confirm the presence of DNA. Species-specific primers were used to amplify mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene of T. castaneum and the PCR amplicon size was also checked on 1.5% agarose. Morphometric measurements showed that the highest mean number (33.00±4.24 mm) of T. castaneum larvae observed was recorded on day 61 in Ilorin and the lowest was in Iwo, Osun state (4.00±0.00 mm) on the same day. The mean of the total body length of larvae from sampling sites was (1.31±0.37 mm) with minimum and (1.63±1.14 mm) maximum lengths respectively. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the mean length of the larvae collected from the study locations. Aligned cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences of 313bp were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis inferred by maximum likelihood method showed that the T. castaneum sequences analyzed for this study and sequences obtained from GenBank formed a monophyletic group. The molecular and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of a single species of T. castaneum. The results from this study showed low levels of genetic diversity and variability in the studied T. castaneum populations. The observed genetic similarity in T. castaneum could be due to the fact that they were probably from similar origin when compared with those in the GenBank database. However, further studies are needed with more samples to characterize T. castaneum species from stored food grains across Nigeria.
Antimicrobial and mosquito larvicidal activity of iron oxide nanoparticles phytosynthesized from the medicinal plant Andrographis serpyllifolia
Authors: SOUNDARYA Venkatachalam , KARMEGAM Natchimuthu
Published: December 2023

Nanoparticles (NPs) play a significant role in protecting human and environmental health. Worldwide, research is focused on developing new pharmaceuticals and environmentally safe materials. The current research reports the phytosynthesis of NPs from iron oxide (Fe2O3) mediated through ethanolic extracts of Andrographis serpyllifolia leaf (ASL) and their antimicrobial (bacteria and fungi) and mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus) larvicidal activity. ASL was treated with aqueous iron chloride solution to turn into synthesized Fe2O3-NPs. The biosynthesized ASL·Fe2O3-NPs were characterized with spectroscopic, electron microscopic and X-ray analyses. The synthesized ASL·Fe2O3-NPs were characteristically showed triclinic crystal shape in SEM. The purity of synthesized Fe2O3 nanoparticles was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Out of twelve different selective pathogens (4 G+ve bacteria, 4 G-ve bacteria and 4 fungal species) tested with ASL·Fe2O3-NPs, a maximum of 20.3 mm inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus among G+ve bacteria and 19.1 mm inhibition zone against Pseudomonas aeruginosa among G-ve bacteria was observed; while it was 16.9 mm against fungi (Aspergillus niger) at a test concentration of 100 µL. The exposure of 4th instar larvae for 48 h to ASL·Fe2O3-NPs exhibited a significant LC50 value at 12.80 ppm. The study findings reveal that the Fe2O3‑NPs synthesized using A. serpyllifolia leaf extract could be a potential source for antibacterial, antifungal and mosquito larvicidal activities.
Visual discrimination learning in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar normotensive rats: computerized analysis of choice strategies
Authors: Niewiadomska Grażyna , Niewiadomski Wiktor
Published: December 2023

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were found to learn a visual discrimination paradigm better than Wistar normotensive rats (NT). The present analysis of choice strategies used by rats was performed to detect possible correlates between patterns of responding and duration of learning. The following strategies were included into the analysis: perseveration and alternation of choice (response-set hypotheses), win-stay lose-shift and win-shift lose-stay (prediction hypotheses). A computer programme called "The Thinking Rat" was written to analyse rat strategies during the learning. The analysis was applied for two irrelevant dimensions of stimuli, i.e. position and orientation, and for colour as a relevant cue. SHR solved the task using different strategies than the NT rats. All subjects began by responding to position as a cue, but SHR gave up this strategy more quickly than NT rats did and responded earlier to colour. NT rats showed a strong preference to persevere in their choices with respect to stimulus position, whereas SHR used more frequently the prediction hypotheses with respect to colour. The analysis of performance and the analysis of choice strategies could indicate that the discrepancy in learning between SHR and NT rats may be caused by differences in attention.
The effect of vasopressin analogue [d(CH2)5(1),Tyr(Me)2]AVP on memory process in rats with experimental amnesia
Authors: Car Halina , Borawska Maria , Wiśniewski Konstanty
Published: December 2023

We investigated the effect of a single 2 microgram dose of vasopressin (AVP) analogue [d(CH2)5(1),Tyr(Me)2]AVP on the processes of retrieval of conditioned reflexes in rats with experimentally induced amnesia. The models used were: electroconvulsive shock (ECS) and hypoxia. It severely impaired the memory processes. The AVP analogue [d(CH2)5(1),Tyr(Me)2]AVP facilitated retrieval of passive avoidance in all animals.
Survival and maturation of heterotopic fetal brain stem xenografts after treatment with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine and cyclosporine A
Authors: Ryba Mirosław , Grieb Paweł , Janczewski Wiktor , Sawicki Jan , Jagielski Janusz , Andrychowski Jarosław , Mantużyk Jolanta , Janisz Monika
Published: December 2023

Brain stem halves from fetal rabbits were transplanted to the caudate nucleus area of adult rats. The animals were treated postoperatively with cyclosporine A (CsA) and 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (CdA) for three days, and with CdA alone for the next 13 days. The treatment started at the day of implantation, and in some animals it was repeated starting at day 36 after grafting (at the time when signs of a light inflammatory reaction appeared in some grafts). Grafts survived and matured histologically, and no signs of acute rejection were observed up to the 90th day. In some grafts we recorded phasic neuronal activities similar to the respiratory-related neural activities characteristic for the adult brain stem. Immunosuppression with CdA and CsA deserves further evaluation in fetal brain grafting.
Nitric oxide (NO) and central dopamine (DA) D3 receptor reactivity to quinpirole in rats
Authors: Brus Ryszard , Szkilnik Ryszard , Kostrzewa Richard
Published: December 2023

Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in large number of pathologies ad in normal physiological function of the brain. The aim of this study was to recognize the effect of Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester .HCI (NAME) and L-Arginine Ethyl Ester.HCI (ARGININE) on reactivity ofthe central DA D3 receptor to agonist (Quinpirole) in rats. For this reason we have been used specific behavioural procedure such yawning behaviour which is mediated via central DA D3 receptors. Experiments were perform in adult male Wistar rats treated daily with quinpirole (0.05 mglkg IP) or vehicle (0.9% NaCl) for the first 11 days from birth to obtain of the central D3 receptor supersensitivity. NAME and ARGININE in different way modified response of the central DA receptor to quinpirole estimated by means yawning behavioural procedure.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) inhibits vasopressin and oxytocin release from rat hypothalamo- neurohypophysial explants in vitro
Authors: Ciosek Joanna , Stempniak Bożena
Published: December 2023

Incubation of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial explants in Locke's solution containing 28 nM/L thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) resulted in an inhibition of vasopressin and oxytocin secretion during depolarization due to excess potassium. These data suggest the involvement of TRH in the regulatory mechanisms of vasopressin and oxytocin release; the inhibitory effect of TRH cannot be excluded.
Different forms of impairment of the fore-hindlimb coordination after partial spinal lesions in cats
Authors: Górska Teresa , Bem Tiaza , Majczyński Henryk , Zmysłowski Wojciech
Published: December 2023

Effects of large low thoracic (T10–T11) partial spinal lesions involving either the ventral quadrants of the spinal cord and, to a different extent the dorsolateral funiculi, or different extent of the lateral funiculi and/or the dorsal columns, on the fore-hindlimb coordination were examined in cats walking over ground at moderate speeds. In both groups of operated cats, except those in which the lesion was essentially confined to dorsal columns, three different forms of impairment of fore-hindlimb coordination were observed, depending on the extent of lesion: (1) a change of locomotion towards pacing with preservation of the equality of rhythms in the fore- and the hindlimbs; (2) episodes of fore- and hindlimb rhythm dissociation and (3) a permanent dissociation of the fore- and hindlimb rhythms. A comparison of the results obtained in these two groups of operated cats points to the more important role played by the lateral funiculi, than by other parts of the spinal white matter, in controlling the fore-hindlimb coordination in cats.
Spectral analysis in cyclic changes of human sleep evaluation
Authors: Pracka Daria , Pracki Tadeusz
Published: December 2023

In this study cyclic changes of human sleep structure were examined. For whole-night polysomnograms of 35 healthy volunteers of both sexes, manual hypnograms were created and divided into NREM-REM cycles. EEG signals from C3–A2 derivation were analysed by computer using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). For consecutive NREM-REM cycles of individual sleep stages, EEG power density contents for delta, theta, alpha, sigma and beta waves were analysed. For consecutive sleep cycles, a clear decrease in NREM sleep duration, especially slow wave sleep duration, was obtained. In addition, a decrease in power density of delta waves was observed. For consecutive sleep cycles, increases in REM sleep duration and in power density of theta and alpha waves were obtained. In consecutive sleep cycles, high amplitude delta slow waves are replaced by higher frequency and lower amplitude waves. Thus stages of NREM sleep are replaced by stages of REM.
Molecular biology of brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Wisniewski Thomas , Frangione Blas
Published: December 2023

A significant component of the aging process is genetically determined. Numerous theories of aging exist, many of which postulate the existence of "longevity genes." Recent advances in molecular biological and other techniques have allowed a significantly greater understanding of aging and age-related disease. This will be illustrated by four genetic and sporadic diseases: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders, transthyretin dementia, cerebral amyloid angiopathy-Icelandic type and scrapie related diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common of this group, is the leading cause of dementia in Western countries. Recent genetic and biochemical studies have shown the involvement of at least four genes in the pathogenesis of AD. In early-onset familial AD mutations in the BetaPP, S182 (presenilin 1) and STM2 (presenilin 2 or E5-1) genes have been found, while in the more common late-onset AD the presence of the apolipoprotein E4 isotype is a major risk factor. Genetic studies have also helped to elucidate the etiology of rarer cerebral amyloidoses such as the recently described Hungarian amyloidosis that is characterized by meningocerebrovascular amyloid deposition, with resultant dementia. This disease is linked to a mutation in the transthyretin gene. It is hoped that in the near future this increase in knowledge will allow the development of therapeutic approaches to slow the aging process.
Hemispheric asymmetry for visual information processing
Authors: Hellige Joseph
Published: December 2023

The left and right hemispheres of humans do not handle all aspects of visual information processing with equal ability. This is illustrated by a review of research concerning the processing of global versus local stimulus properties, low versus high spatial frequencies, and coordinate versus categorical spatial relationships. In general, the right hemisphere is dominant for processing global aspects of visual stimuli that are carried by low spatial frequencies, for the processing of coordinate spatial relationships and, perhaps, for extracting information from the magnocellular visual pathway. In something of a complementary manner, the left hemisphere is dominant for processing local aspects of visual stimuli that are carried by high spatial frequencies and, perhaps, for processing categorical spatial relationships and for extracting information from the parvocellular visual pathway. Consideration is given to developmental mechanisms that may underlie the emergence of hemispheric asymmetry for these interrelated aspects of visual information processing.
Overlap of sensory representations in rat barrel cortex after neonatal vibrissectomy
Authors: Kossut Małgorzata , Siucińska Ewa
Published: December 2023

Cortical representation of the common fur of mystacial pad is situated outside postero-medial barrel subfield (PMBSF) in rat primary somatosensory cortex. Following neonatal vibrissectomy, stimulation of the common fur activates the neurones in PMBSF. We examined if sparing of one mystacial vibrissa from the neonatal ablation, which results in a very extensive increase of its cortical representation, would prevent the invasion of the common fur inputs into the PMBSF. The cortical representations were mapped with 2-deoxyglucose (2DG). It was found that six weeks after neonatal vibrissectomy sparing C3 vibrissa and common fur inputs were represented in the PMBSF. Their representation shifted from its normal location into the barrel field. This effect was observed in cortical layers II/III, IV and V.
Protein serine/threonine kinases (PKA, PKC and CaMKII) involved in ischemic brain pathology
Authors: Domańska-Janik Krystyna
Published: December 2023

The protein serine/threonine kinases which are highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) are severely affected by brain ischemia. Irrespective of substantial differences among the particular members of this group of kinases, their responses to ischemic stress show a lot of similarities. Initially they are switched on by facilitated interaction with their specific activators/second messengers like cyclic AMP,1,2,-sn-diacylglicerol and particularly Ca2+, then they are translocated to highly specific regions of plasma membranes. After phosphorylation of target proteins, the kinases are deactivated by means of different routes. Activity of PKA is regulated by its direct access to cAMP. In the case of CaMKII, it is probably achieved by its extensive, inhibitory autophosphorylations, while PKC seems to be proteolytic ally degraded. These biphasic changes in serine/threonine kinases activity may play a critical role in the evolution of postischemic brain injury and provide a mechanism for a variety of short- and long-term signalling events.
Surface-view connectivity patterns of area 18 in cats
Authors: Pospichal Marcie , Wimborne Brian , Stępniewska Iwona , Kaas Jon
Published: December 2023

To determine surface-view connectivity patterns of area 18, separate injections of up to six anatomical tracers were delivered to various rostrocaudal locations of area 18 in six normal cats. Subsequently, cortex was separated from subcortical structures, manually flattened, and cut parallel to the surface. Results reveal that ipsilateral cortical connections of area 18 with three regions of cortex are topological. In areas 17 and 19, separate patches of cells labeled with different tracers progressed in a rostrocaudal sequence corresponding to the order of the injections. A similar but less precise pattern of rostrocaudal labeling occurred in more lateral visual cortex, even though several presumptive visual areas were involved. Thus, anteromedial suprasylvian cortex projected to anterior area 18 while more posterolateral suprasylvian cortex projected to posterior area 18. There was no evidence of double-labeled cells projecting to separate regions in area 18. These results are more consistent with the concept of a single suprasylvian area projecting to area 18 cortex than several.
Neuroendocrine response during stress with relation to gender differences
Authors: Jezová Daniela , Juránková Elena , Mosnárová Alena , Kriška Milan , Škultétyová Ivana
Published: December 2023

Neuroendocrine activation belongs to the main characteristics of the stress response. This response is not uniform but depends on the stress stimulus involved and on many other factors including the gender of the individual. In rats, corticosterone and ACTH levels as well as functional activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis are higher in females compared to males under both basal and stress conditions. Marked sex differences were observed in stress-induced changes in posterior pituitary hormone release. In male rats, release of vasopressin is not stimulated during stress conditions without an osmotic component while in female rats a rise in plasma vasopressin levels was observed even after short immobilization. Oxytocin release is enhanced in response to the majority of stress stimuli and it was found to be greater in females than in males. Mentioned gender differences are attributed to the effect of sex steroids, particularly those of estrogens. Not enough information is available on gender differences in the neuroendocrine response during stress in humans. We observed a greater neuroendocrine activation in women than in men in response to heat exposure in sauna with pronounced differences in ACTH and prolactin release and partly also after a cold-pressor test. Understanding of gender differences in neuroendocrine response during stress might contribute to the explanation of the development of some emotional and other disorders with higher incidence in women.
Various strategies of forelimb movement during contact placing reactions elicited by tactile stimulation of the different aspects of a cat's paw
Authors: Czarkowska-Bauch Julita
Published: December 2023

Forelimb trajectory and the activity of eight muscles operating at the elbow, wrist and digit joints were analyzed during contact placing (CP) reactions elicited by tactile stimuli applied to the lateral (L) or medial (M) side of the cat's forepaw to verify whether a common movement strategy was used in these reactions. A tactile stimulus applied to the lateral side of the paw led, most frequently, to a short-latency activation of the elbow flexor muscles and flexor carpi radialis. Stimulation of the medial side of the paw produced either a short-latency activation of the elbow flexors or both the elbow flexor and extensor muscles. At the distal joints it most frequently activated extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis muscles. Different patterns of activation of the muscles during LCP and MCP reactions led to a diverse involvement of elbow flexion and extension movements at the beginning of the reactions. LCP was usually initiated by the elbow flexion movement whereas during MCP reactions the elbow flexion often appeared with a delay due to a brief co-contraction of the elbow flexor and extensor muscles which temporarily locked the elbow joint. The latter reaction was initiated by a backward/upward movement at the proximal joints accompanied by an ulnar deviation and a palmar flexion of the paw. The medio-lateral components of the movement were also clearly different in LCP and MCP reactions, both at the proximal and distal joints. The results indicate that various strategies of movement are used in CP reactions depending on the site of tactile stimulation.
Auditory quality cues are more effective than auditory location cues in a R – no R (go – no go) differentiation: the extension of the rule to primitive mammals (American opossum, Didelphis virginiana)
Authors: Stasiak Maciej , Masterton R.
Published: December 2023

Discrimination learning of instrumental responses to auditory compound stimuli was investigated in opossums using the R – ­no R (go – no go) differentiation. Each compound stimulus consisted of two factors: quality and location. Each correct response performed to the conditioned positive, or "safe" stimulus, was rewarded by food and never punished. Each incorrect response performed to the conditioned negative, or "warning" stimulus, was punished by an electric shock. In subsequent testing, each opossum proved to use only the quality cues to solve the task even though later testing showed them capable of using the location cues. Thus, the rule discovered in higher mammals, that the efficacy of auditory stimuli in differentiation depends on the perceptual ability of the animal as well as the type of the behavioral response with which the animal is confronted, may be extended to neurologically primitive mammals and also to a joint conditioned approach-avoidance method.
Interhemispheric differences of sleep EEG complexity
Authors: Szelenberger Waldemar , Wackermann Jiři , Skalski Michał , Drojewski Jacek , Niemcewicz Szymon
Published: December 2023

Complexity of EEG (omega), a global measure reflecting degree of spatial synchronization, was computed for whole night recordings of sleep EEG of 10 healthy volunteers, 9 males and 1 female (age 21–53) and 6 depressive patients, 5 males and 1 female (age 23–64). Sleep was scored visually in 20 s epochs, omega was calculated in 2.5 s segments and the median from 8 segments (20 s) was calculated. Omega was calculated for the whole field of 21 electrodes and for the left and right hemisphere separately (2 x 8 electrodes). Measure of global power (sigma) and generalized frequency (phi) were also computed for the same data. In healthy subjects the complexity was higher over the right hemisphere during waking, and the difference shifted to higher complexity over the left hemisphere in slow wave sleep (F=5.15, df1=4, df2=6856, P
Age-related differences in performance of stereotype arm movements: movement and posture interaction
Authors: Błaszczyk Janusz , Lowe Deborah , Hansen Paul
Published: December 2023

Postural destabilizations in response to cyclic pull-and-push arm movements were compared in young and elderly subjects, with the goal of determining how age-related differences in postural stability influence strategies of cyclic arm movements made at different speeds, against different loads and while standing on support surfaces of different compliances. The results show that elderly subjects performed the experimental task more slowly with a lower mean movement frequency and a smaller amplitude. Despite of this fact, the elderly's upright posture was destabilized by this movement to a greater extent than in young subjects. The older adults exhibited lower damping of the disturbing torques produced by arm movements as evidenced by a higher amplitude of the center of foot pressure excursions. The results document close reciprocal motor and posture interaction and indicate that parameters of the voluntary movement task such as cyclic arm movements might be used as a sensitive measure of postural stability.
Action of serotonin on the laryngeal airway in anaesthetized cats
Authors: Szereda-Przestaszewska Małgorzata , Kopczyńska Beata
Published: December 2023

The pulmonary chemoreflex induced by an intravenous injection of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) in cats consists of prompt apnoea, bradycardia and hypotension, followed by rapid, shallow breathing. The present study had two purposes (1) to compare the effect of 5HT on ventilation and laryngeal resistance in cats and (2) to assess the role of laryngeal afferents in these responses. The effects of an intravenous injection of serotonin at a dose of 0.05 mg per kg of body weight were studied in eighteen anaesthetized cats, breathing spontaneously via a tracheal cannula. In eleven cats the larynx was isolated in situ to measure laryngeal resistance. In post-serotonin apnoea, the expiratory laryngeal resistance rose four-fold. This coincided with the increased afferent activity of the superior laryngeal nerve. In the initial phase of resumed shallow breathing, the increase in the expiratory laryngeal resistance was coupled with reduced tidal volume. Bilateral section of the superior laryngeal nerve failed to affect laryngeal constriction and the ventilatory response to serotonin. Thus laryngeal afferents running within the superior laryngeal nerve are not essential for the respiratory phenomena induced by serotonin.
Measuring of the postcopulatory departure in male rats
Authors: Beck Józef
Published: December 2023

Spontaneous departure from the female was observed in male rats during testing of instrumental sexual responses. Male rats were tested in an apparatus consisting of two compartments connected by a runway composed of four parallel corridors. The final corridor of the runway and the goal compartment as well as the goal compartment and the start compartment were connected by one-way doors enabling the male to run only in one direction. An incentive female was tethered in the goal compartment. After contact with the female, lasting up to the end of a mount bout, or after exploration of the goal compartment, if the copulatory behaviour was not displayed, the male spontaneously passed to the start compartment and a new run started thereafter. The male thus performed the runs through the apparatus without any intervention from the experimenter.
Nitro-l-arginine attenuates SKF 38393-induced oral activity in neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine­-lesioned rats
Authors: Brus Ryszard , Szkilnik Ryszard , Nowak Przemysław , Kostrzewa Richard
Published: December 2023

Nitric oxide (NO) in brain has been implicated in neuronal regulatory processes and in neuropathologies. Previously we showed that NO modified quinpirole-induced yawning, a behavioral measure of dopamine (DA) D3 receptor activation in rats. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of nitro-L-arginine methyl ester HCl (NAME) and L-arginine HCl on reactivity of rats to the DA D1 receptor agonist SKF 38393 and DA D1 antagonist SCH 23390 in intact and neonata16-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats (134 micrograms of base ICV at 3rd day after birth). L-arginine HCl (300 mg/kg IP) increased the oral activity response in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, like SKF 38393, and induced catalepsy in intact control rats, like SCH 23390. In contrast, NAME had no effect on oral activity or catalepsy, but fully attenuated SKF 38393-induced oral activity. These findings indicate that L-arginine HCl has no apparent effect at the DA D1 receptor, but that NAME is effective in attenuating a DA D1 agonist-induced effect. Consequently NO may be an intracellular second messenger for supersensitized receptors associated with DA D1 agonist-induced oral activity.
Reversal of visual discrimination and visual acute extinction in cats with poor or limited early visual experience
Authors: Żernicki Bogusław
Published: December 2023

Transformation of visual instrumental conditioned reflexes rewarded with food was compared in cats binocularly deprived of pattern vision in the early period of life (BD cats), control cats reared also in the laboratory but with open eyes (C cats) and cats reared in normal environment (N cats). In Expt. I the cats were given 4 sequential reversal trainings of cross vs. disc discrimination and in Expt. II a response to a gate marked with a cross or a disc was submitted to 4 sequential acute extinctions and restorations. The results show that both visual deprivation and rearing in monotonous laboratory environment moderately affect transformation of associations between visual stimuli and hunger drive and instrumental responses. However, in BD cats transformation learning is less impaired than previously studied visual discrimination learning.
Postnatal development of the rat striatum – a study using in situ DNA end labeling technique
Authors: Maciejewska Beata , Lipowska Małgorzata , Kowiański Przemysław , Domaradzka-Pytel Beata , Moryś Janusz
Published: December 2023

We have examined the development of rat striatum for evidence of cells dying in the process of physiological cell death. In present study we have indicated apoptotic cells in sections stained with cresyl violet (cell death characterized by pyknosis) or with DNA end labeling assay (TUNEL method). Our results demonstrated that cell loss during maturation of the rat striatum had the characteristics of apoptosis rather than necrosis. The greatest number of TUNEL - positive and pyknotic cells in the striatum were found during the first postnatal days; after 7th day of postnatal life a rapid decrease of its number was observed. After the second postnatal week no TUNEL-positive cells were observed in the striatum. Our analysis suggests that apoptotic cell death occurring during the development of striatal neuronal population takes place during the first week of postnatal life.
Bicuculline, AP-7 and behavioral activity in rats
Authors: Car Halina , Kuziemka-Łęska Magdalena , Wiśniewski Konstanty
Published: December 2023

The effects of bicuculline (0.25 mg/kg i.p.) and AP-7 (5 nmols icv) on the processes of retrieval, consolidation of conditioned reflexes, object recognition and locomotor activity were tested in rats. Neither AP-7, nor bicuculline nor AP-7 with bicuculline changed locomotor and exploratory activity in the open field test. Co-administration of AP-7 with bicuculline however, facilitated retrieval of passive avoidance in rats, but was without effect on consolidation in this test. Also neither AP-7 nor bicuculline when were given alone had an effect on influenced consolidation. We found no differences in effects of either AP-7 or bicuculline on object recognition regardless whether administered alone or in combination.
Application of Anti-Money Laundering Principles in the Practice of Notary
Authors: Doloksaribu William Andrew Sectionardo
Published: December 2023

Pencucian uang (money laundering) merupakan kejahatan serius yang memiliki dampak negatif pada stabilitas keuangan dan integritas sistem hukum. Dalam praktik kenotariatan, penting untuk menerapkan prinsip Anti-Money Laundering (AML) guna mencegah praktik pencucian uang dan memastikan integritas transaksi yang melibatkan notaris. Penelitian ini membahas dasar hukum penerapan prinsip AML dalam praktik kenotariatan dan menganalisis implementasinya. Pada prinsipnya ketentuan mengenai kewajiban seorang Notaris melaporkan Pengguna Jasa seharusnya diatur dalam suatu Undang-Undang, hal ini agar sesuai dengan penerapan Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris dan prinsip kerahasiaan jabatan Notaris. Melalui pemahaman yang baik tentang dasar hukum dan langkah-langkah yang tepat, praktik kenotariatan dapat berkontribusi dalam mencegah dan mengatasi kejahatan pencucian uang.
O enfoque da andragogia em um curso de engenharia mecânica
Authors: De Oliveira Marco Antônio Moreira , Cordeiro Moisés Nivaldo , Kulman Cristiano
Published: December 2023

Para estudantes adultos de cursos de Engenharia um dos grandes desafios é, com os seus acertos e revezes, criar através de suas experiências uma consciência crítica e seguir na busca mais assertiva de suas condutas perante os procedimentos técnicos e humanos no cotidiano. Estudos dessa natureza, com o objetivo de compreender os processos de ensino e aprendizagem baseados na Andragogia, podem contribuir no desenvolvimento técnico e humano destes adultos durante a sua formação acadêmica; porém, ainda são limitados, comprovando a necessidade de aprofundamento no ensino tecnológico. Tomou-se em um universo restrito, a estratégia com enfoque da Andragogia, com o uso de métodos descritivos de caráter qualitativo e exploratório com revisão bibliográfica. A utilização de questionário, junto a um público-alvo de adultos entre 18 e 30 anos, sendo 51 estudantes dos semestres ímpares (1º ao 9º) do curso de Engenharia Mecânica do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul – IFRS, Campus Ibirubá – RS, possibilitou uma análise do perfil dos estudantes e das concepções sobre o tema. Nesta direção de estruturas de pensamento e ao encontro de respostas e de reflexões, os dados obtidos se deram em virtude da possibilidade de estruturar estratégias educacionais com base na Andragogia. Pretende-se com isso, propor novas relações de ensino-aprendizagem com o uso de metodologias ativas aos adultos de forma significativa.
From a conceptual knowledge framework to a decision supporting system: aligning scientific and startup development
Authors: Carneiro Mônica Ramos , Pacheco Roberto Carlos dos Santos
Published: December 2023

University-industry cooperation has been recognized as a strategic factor to innovation systems. More recently, universities have been pressured not only to cooperate but also to promote and create startups, combining education and research to promote innovation. In this article, we describe a recent case of the alignment between a PhD research challenge and an innovation and business opportunity. The research challenge was to apply the KBUD (knowledge based urban development) framework as the basis to a decision support system, to be used by city managers. The results were fostered into a startup financed by a public innovation call, supported by Ruta-N (Medellin, Colombia). The case of KBUD-DSS system and Heuristics startup illustrates an example of how a PhD project can combine research and business development, attending simultaneously both pathways.
Utilização do extrato hidrossolúvel de castanha do Brasil (Bertolletia excelsa) em biscoitos: uma alternativa alimentar para intolerantes à lactose
Authors: Lopes Pâmela dos Anjos Ferreira , Da Costa Caroline Machado , Da Silva Geane Ferreira , Rocha Iamilys de Souza Braga , Souza Tayanne Marinho , Da Conceição Naiane Silva , Da Mata Mayline Menezes , Santos Ivone Lima
Published: December 2023

A castanha do Brasil (Bertholetia excelsa) é uma fruta nativa da Amazônia e além do consumo in natura das amêndoas, é possível a obtenção de produtos derivados como o extrato hidrossolúvel conhecido popularmente como “leite” de castanha, apresentando-se como uma opção alimentar alternativa ao leite animal promissora. Assim, os objetivos do estudo foram desenvolver a partir do "leite" e farinha da amêndoa de castanha do Brasil, um biscoito como alimento alternativo para intolerantes à lactose, e a partir disso, realizar a caracterização físico-química e análise sensorial do produto. O biscoito obteve os seguintes resultados na análise do pH (6,88±0,01); acidez (2,01±0,11); umidade (13,94±0,72±); carboidrato total (66,72±1,55); lipídeos (8,83±0,03); proteínas (19,72±1,17) e (2,20±0,00) cinzas. O leite de castanha, apresentou pH (5,87±0,06); acidez (1,67±0,00); umidade (58,11±0,49); lipídeos (3,30 ±1,55); proteínas (16,45±0,00) e cinzas (0,60 ± 0,00). A aceitabilidade do biscoito foi satisfatória, uma vez que a maioria dos participantes pontuou de 6 a 9 na escala hedônica, obtendo um grau de aceitabilidade relevante para o produto. Desta forma, o biscoito com “leite” de castanha é uma alternativa de produto aos intolerantes à lactose, agradável ao paladar e de boa qualidade nutricional.
Relações interpessoais e violência: análise dos discursos de ódio
Authors: De Andrade Joyce Karolyne Ribeiro , Maniakas Georgina Carolina de Oliveira Faneco
Published: December 2023

Este estudo objetivou investigar os elementos psicossociais envolvidos na propagação dos discursos de ódio através da perspectiva freudiana da cultura. O corpus selecionado foi o de 9 comentários ofensivos publicados no Facebook acerca de 3 diferentes notícias envolvendo a violação de direitos humanos. Os discursos de ódio são construídos a partir de generalizações sobre grupos sociais específicos. A cultura projeta sobre os indivíduos normas e valores provenientes de determinados momentos históricos e formações ideológicas; então, ao acreditarem expor um ponto de vista particular, apenas o estão reproduzindo. A disseminação dos discursos não necessariamente indica que atualmente exista mais intolerância ou preconceitos contra grupos sociais minoritários, pois estes sempre constituíram parte da estrutura social.  A sociedade passa por um momento histórico em que determinados conteúdos, outrora reprimidos, podem, por meio da internet, aparecer sob a forma de discursos de ódio.
The Conception of Environmental Sovereignty for The Discovery of Just Law in The Field of Environment in Indonesia
Authors: Nasrullah  , Rahmat
Published: December 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the conception of environmental sovereignty for the discovery of just law in the field of environment in Indonesia and analyze the Implementation of the Concept of Environmental Sovereignty in Legislation in the Field of Environment and Natural Resources.
 
Theoretical reference: The theoretical framework for this research will draw upon concepts of environmental sovereignty, legal pluralism, socio-ecological systems theory, environmental justice, international environmental law, and indigenous rights. It will also integrate perspectives from scholars specializing in environmental law, policy studies, anthropology, and environmental ethics.
 
Method: The method of approach used in the research is a normative approach in this case analyze, the level of legal synchronization both vertically and horizontally related to environmental sovereignty for the discovery of fair law in the field of environment.
 
Results and Conclusion: The results of this research show that The conception of environmental sovereignty for the discovery of just law in the field of environment in Indonesia is to form a harmonious, just, democratic and sustainable environmental law, then the conception of environmental sovereignty in the sense of creating a balance of rights between humans and nature, with a legal pluralism approach to realizing environmental justice and the Implementation of the Concept of Environmental Sovereignty in Legislation in the Field of Environment and Natural Resources is to form norms in laws and regulations governing the management of natural resources and the environment.
 
Implications of research: The research findings will have significant implications for policymakers, environmental organizations, indigenous communities, and scholars working in the field of environmental law and policy. It will provide insights into the strengths and weaknesses of current legal frameworks, offer recommendations for enhancing environmental governance, and suggest ways to balance sovereignty with global environmental responsibilities.
 
Originality/Value: This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing a comprehensive analysis of the interplay between environmental sovereignty and the development of just laws in Indonesia. It offers original insights into how the concept of sovereignty influences environmental decision-making and its impact on environmental justice, policy implementation, and sustainable development in a diverse and ecologically rich country like Indonesia.
Taliban İslam Emirliği’nin Düşünce Temellerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: AİMAQ Mohammad Zameer
Published: December 2023

Afganistan, tarihi boyunca pek çok köklü değişim yaşamış ve olaylara tanık olmuş bir ülkedir. Bu ülkedeki en büyük olaylardan biri, Sovyetler Birliği'nin çekilmesi ve 90'lı yıllarda iç savaşın başlamasıyla birlikte, din öğrenciler anlamına gelen “Taliban İslami Hareketi” adlı bir siyasi-askeri grubun Afganistan siyaset sahnesine girmesi oldu. Bu grup, "İslami Şeriat'ın Uygulanması" sloganı ile güvensizlik ve yolsuzlukla mücadele faaliyetine başladı ve 1996'dan 2001'e kadar Afganistan'ı yönettiler. 11 Eylül olayı ve ABD'nin Afganistan'a saldırmasıyla Taliban hükümeti çöktü; 2001'den 2021'e kadar Afganistan'da Taliban rejimi yerine İslam Cumhuriyeti düzeni hüküm sürdü. Ancak 2021'de Amerikalıların Afganistan'dan çekilmesiyle, cumhuriyetçi sistemin çökmesinin ardından Taliban yeniden iktidara gelmiştir. Dini açısından karmaşık bir düşünce yapısına dayalı olan Taliban hareketinin düşüncesinin temellerini hangi değerler ve konular oluşturur? meselesi, çalışmanın asıl sorusunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın sonucu, Taliban ideolojisinin eylem odaklı bir inanç sistemi olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu inanç sistemi, tepesinde inanç, ortasında eylem ve tabanında Afgan toplumunun sloganları ve gelenekleri olan bir piramit gibidir. Mezhepsel açıdan bakıldığında Taliban, İmam Ebu Hanife'nin mezhebinin takipçileri arasındadır. Ayrıca Deobandi okulunun ve Vahhabi düşüncesinin Taliban'ın performansı ve dini inançları üzerinde önemli bir etkisi vardır. Bu makalede, Taliban düşüncesinin temelleri çeşitli boyutlarıyla ve farklı açılardan incelenmeye çalışılmaktadır