bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 and tinnitus—a tertiary care Centre experience
Authors: Saraf Aditiya , Manhas Monika , Kalsotra Parmod , Ahmad Raies
Published: May 2022

Background

COVID-19 outbreak was declared a global pandemic in March 2020 by WHO. Due to person-to-person transmission of this infection, majority of countries of world introduced lockdown to ensure people stay at home. A complex bidirectional interaction exists between tinnitus and emotional distress, as they can exacerbate one another. Also, COVID-19 infection can cause damage to outer hair cells. The aim of this study is to find out relationship between COVID-19 and initiation or exacerbation of tinnitus.

Methods

The present retrospective study, after approval by Institutional Ethics Committee, was conducted in Department of ENT, GMC Jammu, from June 2020 to March 2021 on 90 patients with primary complaint of tinnitus. All 90 patients were asked to complete the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Also, all patients were asked COVID-19-related questions (history of contracting virus/history of grief/anxiety/depression/stress/nervousness/financial status/ physical exercise/sleep routine/ social interactions).

Results

Out of 90 patients, 72 patients (80%) had chronic longstanding tinnitus and 18 patients (20%) experienced tinnitus during pandemic. Out of 72 patients who gave history of longstanding tinnitus, 41 patients (56.9%) reported tinnitus to be stable during COVID-19 pandemic, 26 patients (36.1%) reported it to become more bothersome and 5 patients (6.9%) reported that tinnitus was improved. Out of 90 patients, 21 patients (23.3%) were diagnosed as COVID-19 positive. Of these 21 patients experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, 16 patients (76.2%) gave history of exacerbation of tinnitus, 4 patients (19%) gave history of tinnitus remaining stable and 1 patient (4.7%) said that tinnitus was improved. Out of 90 patients, history of negative psychological impact due to COVID-19 restrictions was seen in 65 patients (72.2%).

Conclusion

With our study, we concluded that ENT specialists should be fully aware that not only pre-existing tinnitus may be exaggerated due to COVID-19 infection, but also, there can be development of new-onset tinnitus due to COVID-19 infection and the negative psychological impact due to COVID-19 pandemic.
Pro-Con Debate: Monitored Anesthesia Care Versus General Endotracheal Anesthesia for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Janik Luke S. , Stamper Samantha , Vender Jeffery S. , Troianos Christopher A.
Published: May 2022

Over the past several decades, anesthesia has experienced a significant growth in nonoperating room anesthesia. Gastrointestinal suites represent the largest volume location for off-site anesthesia procedures, which include complex endoscopy procedures like endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). These challenging patients and procedures necessitate a shared airway and are typically performed in the prone or semiprone position on a dedicated procedural table. In this Pro-Con commentary article, the Pro side supports the use of monitored anesthesia care (MAC), citing fewer hemodynamic perturbations, decreased side effects from inhalational agents, faster cognitive recovery, and quicker procedural times leading to improved center efficiency (ie, quicker time to discharge). Meanwhile, the Con side favors general endotracheal anesthesia (GEA) to reduce the infrequent, but well-recognized, critical events due to impaired oxygenation and/or ventilation known to occur during MAC in this setting. They also argue that procedural interruptions are more frequent during MAC as anesthesia professionals need to rescue patients from apnea with various airway maneuvers. Thus, the risk of hypoxemic episodes is minimized using GEA for ERCP. Unfortunately, neither position is supported by large randomized controlled trials. The consensus opinion of the authors is that anesthesia for ERCP should be provided by a qualified anesthesia professional who weighs the risks and benefits of each technique for a given patient and clinical circumstance. This Pro-Con article highlights the many challenges anesthesia professionals face during ERCPs and encourages thoughtful, individualized anesthetic plans over knee-jerk decisions. Both sides agree that an anesthetic technique administered by a qualified anesthesia professional is favored over an endoscopist-directed sedation approach.
RuralCovidLife: A new resource for the impact of the pandemic on rural Scotland.
Authors: Stevenson Anna J , Huggins Charlotte F , Forbes Alison , Hume Jim , Fulton Grant , Thirlwall Claire , Miles Janet , Fawns-Ritchie Chloe , Campbell Archie , Nangle Clifford , Dawson Rebecca , Edwards Rachel , Flaig Robin , Hartley Louise , Levein Christie , McCartney Daniel L , Deary Ian J , Hayward Caroline , Marioni Riccardo E , McIntosh Andrew M , Sudlow Cathie , Porteous David J
Published: May 2022

RuralCovidLife is part of Generation Scotland’s CovidLife project, investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation measures on people in Scotland. The RuralCovidLife project focuses on Scotland’s rural communities, and how they have been impacted by the pandemic.

During survey development, Generation Scotland consulted with people living or working in rural communities, and collaborated with a patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) group composed of rural community leaders. Through this consultation work, the RuralCovidLife survey was developed to assess the issues most pertinent to people in rural communities, such as mental health, employment, transport, connectivity, and local communities.

Between 14th October and 30th November 2020, 3,365 participants from rural areas in Scotland took part in the survey. Participant ages ranged from 16 to 96 (mean = 58.4, standard deviation [SD] = 13.3), and the majority of the participants were female (70.5%). Over half (51.3%) had taken part in the original CovidLife survey.

RuralCovidLife includes a subsample (n = 523) of participants from the Generation Scotland cohort. Pre-pandemic data on health and lifestyle, as well as biological samples, are available for these participants. These participants’ data can also be linked to past and future healthcare records, allowing analysis of retrospective and prospective health outcomes.

Like Generation Scotland, RuralCovidLife is designed as a resource for researchers. RuralCovidLife data, as well as the linked Generation Scotland data, is available for use by external researchers following approval from the Generation Scotland Access Committee. RuralCovidLife can be used to investigate mental health, well-being, and behaviour in participants living in rural areas during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as comparisons with non-rural samples. Moreover, the sub-sample with full Generation Scotland data and linkage can be used to investigate the long-term health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in rural communities.
MOTIVATION FOR OBTAINING HIGHER EDUCATION BY FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS
Authors: Maltseva Svetlana M. , Voronkova Anna A. , Orinchuk Vyacheslav A. , Syabitova Kseniya S.
Published: May 2022

Relevance. The process of forming a student’s readiness for future professional activity requires a developed motivational sphere of personality. Professional motivation is the leading driving factor of successful learning. The actual needs of the individual here should have a close connection with their satisfaction through the solution of educational tasks related to the chosen field of activity. However, the authors note that the motives of admission to university for first-year students do not sufficiently coincide with the motives of learning a particular profession.

The aim of the work was to pose the problem of insufficient use of the axiological approach in teaching as a condition for professional development.

The research methodology is related to the substantiation of a value-based approach to choosing and obtaining a profession.

Results. Analysis of the data obtained during the survey of 310 students showed that for the vast majority of them, higher education is an important factor for getting a high-paying job, but many also believe that even without higher education, a person is able to get a good job in life and get a prestigious profession. It is characteristic that respondents mostly consider their choice to be independent, positively affecting a person’s personal growth, however, almost a third of them prefer not to think about the fact that they will need to work according to the chosen profile. Such a choice cannot be called fully conscious. As a result, the motivation to learn and the quality of the educational result decreases. The authors come to the conclusion that the axiological approach in the learning process already in the first years allows them to direct their value orientations towards showing more interest in the chosen profession.
COVID-19 Myopericarditis in a Young Healthy Male
Authors: Bandeira Matilde , Serrazina Juliana , Santos Carolina António , Jacinto Nuno , Pais de Lacerda António
Published: May 2022

SARS-CoV-2 infection can present in different clinical forms, most commonly as bilateral pneumonia, but also with pericardial/myocardial involvement. Cardiac involvement in COVID-19 is associated with worse outcomes. The authors report a case of myopericarditis as the primary manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a 20-year-old male patient with no known cardiovascular (CV) disorders or risk factors.  The patient presented with pleuritic chest pain and high fever, with no respiratory symptoms. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram changes were consistent with pericarditis; concomitant elevation of cardiac enzymes revealed myocardial involvement. The patient had a slow but favourable evolution with no apparent impact on cardiac function. Other causes of myopericarditis were excluded and SARS-CoV-2 admitted as the most likely aetiological agent.  This case highlights possible cardiac involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection with little or no pulmonary disease in a young healthy patient. Such systemic and potentially troublesome manifestations of COVID-19 are increasingly being described.
Bulbar Symptoms as an Unusual Presentation of Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Report
Authors: Kai Martine , Matta Christian , Jalkh Georges , Abdallah Youmna , Haddad Fady , Abboud Halim
Published: May 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex multifactorial disease with different clinical manifestations. Bulbar symptoms such as dysarthria and dysphagia are common in MS patients with advanced secondary progressive disease. However, they are not common at disease onset. We present the case of a 17-year-old male who initially presented with vomiting, dysarthria, and dysphagia. The investigations led to the diagnosis of MS, with an active lesion in the brainstem, more specifically in the area postrema region. Differential diagnoses were eliminated. The patient received intravenous methylprednisolone resulting in amelioration of symptoms. Treatment with fingolimod was started after discharge. The recognition of MS with atypical onsets is important to make an early accurate diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment for a disease known to be one of the most common causes of neurologic disability in young adults.
The Virtual Laboratory Based on Problem Based Learning to Improve Students' Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Noris Muhammed , Saputro Sulistyo , Muzazzinah Muzazzinah
Published: May 2022

The ability to think critically is a basic competency that must be possessed by students. This study aims to determine the level of critical thinking skills of junior high school students in Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Various studies have been carried out that explain how important students' critical thinking skills are, but there have not been too many studies on efforts to develop and empower students' critical thinking skills in a practical way. In this thesis, we introduce the technique of empowering students' critical thinking skills by developing a virtual laboratory media based on problem based learning on the material of the human excretory system. In this development, use software construct2 to develop a device which is then integrated with a problem based learning model. It is proven that a virtual laboratory based on problem based learning can improve the critical thinking skills of junior high school students in Belo Kaputen Bima District. We hope that the development of PBL-based virtual laboratory media can improve dramatically, such as the use of 3-dimensional and 4-dimensional software to improve students' understanding of critical and constructive thinking without losing quality.
Thinking of Europe and Beyond
Authors: Larres Klaus
Published: May 2022

This chapter recounts how Richard Nixon became depressed when surveying the left-leaning governments that held power in a number of European countries in March 1973. It details how Nixon angrily unburdened himself in a memorandum to Henry Kissinger, his national security adviser and alter ego. Nixon's interest largely concerned the geopolitics of the European continent, Cold War matters, the manifold problems with the Soviet Union, and allied relations within NATO. The chapter mentions that Nixon and Henry Kissinger thought relations with Europe were still largely conducted within a traditional bilateral framework with the individual European countries. By the late 1960s and early 1970s, the United States had begun to lose interest in guiding and actively helping to shape the future of western Europe and the European integration process as Washington had done for the past decade and a half.
Turning Point
Authors: Larres Klaus
Published: May 2022

This chapter describes Lieutenant Colonel George Rowland Stanley Baring, who was the epitome of a gentleman of the declining British Empire. It considers how Baring personified the financially secure, aristocratic aloofness of bygone times and the savvy, business-oriented era of a hands-on postwar generation that had come of age during World War II or shortly thereafter. In 1970, Prime Minister Edward Heath appointed Baring ambassador to the United States, at a time when the UK reorientated its foreign policy toward the European Commission. The chapter discusses that the appointment of Baring to the ambassadorship in Washington reflected the crisis of identity and belonging that the UK and the entire European continent found themselves in. The continental Europeans were attempting to push for a united continent and greater independence from the United States.
Moral Agency in Israelite Perspective: Three Case Studies
Authors: Newsom Carol A.
Published: May 2022

In preexilic ancient Israel moral failure was typically analyzed in relation to three interrelated areas: cognitive failure, misdirected desire, and failure to submit to appropriate authority. The failures are typically construed in social terms (“I-You” relationships) rather than as intra-personal failures (“I-Me” problems), though intra-personal issues will become significant in Second Temple sources. Proverbs illustrates how formation cognitively, affectively, and volitionally was imaged in social terms, even when the issue was internalizing norms and values. Deuteronomy shows how the concern for national moral agency was framed rhetorically as an issue in distributed agency across the population. It motivates good agency through highly affective means, emphasizing values of authority, reciprocity, and loyalty. As a product of the national crisis of the early sixth century, Ezekiel indicts the people for radical failure of moral agency, concluding that the problem lay not just with exercise of agency but with defects in the moral organs. His solution, a radical transformation of the people, provides imagery that is extensively developed in Second Temple literature.
Rational Agency and the Birth of the Human: Genesis 2–3 and Its Early Interpretation
Authors: Newsom Carol A.
Published: May 2022

Although Genesis 2-3 looms large in Christian anthropology, it was probably composed only in the Persian Period and did not seem to have much cultural impact until the Hellenistic Period. It sees full human agency, including moral agency, as something of an accident in creation, albeit an inevitable accident. In the context of Genesis 1-11 human agency is judged to be fatally flawed, with the problem not solved by the flood. This perception, so at odds with earlier Israelite notions of moral agency, was resisted through creative ways of interpreting Gen 2-3 in Sirach and other texts, which wished to argue that God granted humans “knowledge of good and evil.” Thus even in early Jewish tradition, arguments about moral agency engaged Gen 2-3, though in ways that drew strikingly different conclusions about its significance.
Introduction
Authors: Deluermoz Quentin , Singaravélou Pierre
Published: May 2022

This chapter provides a self-conscious reflection on the plethora of national traditions, which are being constantly renewed, not only in North America and Britain but also across the European continent as well as India and Latin America. The chapter attempts to grasp the diversity of uses of counterfactual reasoning and their extensions or applications from the soberest to the most fantastic. It covers a phase of deciphering or decoding that focuses on methodological issues that come to terms with the specific problems they pose and their pertinence for historical study. The chapter mainly addresses historiographical questions, methodological issues, the problem of sources, and the writing of history. It reviews cases that may serve as a reminder that laughter, play, the superficial, and the absurd can and undoubtedly should have a place in the production of history and its teaching.
Trade Talks
Authors: Shovlin John
Published: May 2022

This chapter recounts the adoption of the French and British governments of trade prohibitions and high duties in the second half of the seventeenth century, especially during the two great wars that followed the Glorious Revolution, which greatly restricted licit commerce between the two countries. It details how French wine producers lost much of what had been their largest export market, priced out by Portuguese and Spanish wines admitted to Britain at a lower duty. Conversely, England's staple woollen manufacture found French markets closed. The chapter talks about the trade barriers that became quasi-permanent parts of the political-economic armature of the French and British states. Commercial competition mediated by political means is a structural feature of a capitalist order where commerce is entwined with, and made to serve, the interests of contending sovereigns.
To Keep the European Peace
Authors: Shovlin John
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines the ensuing expansion of trade that enlarged the money stock of all nations, but the commercial states benefited more than the rest, and by this means greatly augmented their power. The chapter describes the second break, which was the adoption by the Dutch and the British of modern institutions of public credit and what scholars now refer to as the financial revolution. Governments began to market long-term funded debt to a broad investing public, to borrow cheaply through proxies such as the East India Company and the Bank of England, and to consolidate unfunded debt by converting it into share capital in specially designed joint-stock ventures. The chapter looks at the development of European public finance that exemplifies the way interstate competition was entwined with the evolution of capitalism. The new financial practices allowed England — later Britain — to expand its capacity to borrow and service debt.
Preparing for War, 1937–41
Authors: Boughton James M.
Published: May 2022

This chapter describes that the international role of the U.S. Treasury had expanded greatly during Harry White's tenure there. It traces the chaos of international finance after the collapse of the international gold standard, which forced the Treasury to devise new policies and techniques to stabilize currency values and preserve international trade. At the same time, many U.S. trading partners and allies were threatened by the increasingly aggressive behavior of Germany, Japan, and other members of the Axis. The chapter mentions that the State Department, led by Secretary Cordell Hull, viewed dealing with the issue as its own turf, but Henry Morgenthau was able to draw on his close friendship with President Roosevelt to ensure an important role for the Treasury. Morgenthau recognized and acknowledged Harry's uncommon abilities and relied heavily on him to develop the strategies and tactics for aiding allied countries financially.
The Treasury Goes to War, 1941–43
Authors: Boughton James M.
Published: May 2022

This chapter details how Henry Morgenthau elevated Harry White to the post of assistant to the secretary and assigned him full responsibility for international economic policy when the United States finally entered World War II. Although Harry had earlier shown substantial interest in domestic economic policies, by the time of World War II he was focusing entirely on international financial issues. The chapter cites a magazine profile that describes Harry as a practical, somewhat conservative economist, rather than a theorist. It highlights Harry's career, noting one characteristic on which everyone could agree was that he was extremely hardworking. After a full day at the office, he routinely took large batches of papers home to work on through the evening.
The Power in the West
Authors: Lander Brian
Published: May 2022

This chapter traces the six-hundred-year history of the state of Qin as it rose from irrelevance to hegemony, implying that the Qin's history is the history of the Eastern Zhou period, a time of inter-state competition. Over the centuries, wars became longer and more expensive, forcing governments to find new sources of revenue. The chapter talks about how Qin arose as a minor polity breeding horses for the Zhou, but after the Zhou kings fled the fertile Guanzhong Basin, Qin moved in and gradually built its power. The chapter highlights that the Qin's rise to pre-eminence began with state-strengthening reforms initiated in the fourth century BCE by its ambitious kings and its famous chancellor Shang. The kings established a system of ranks that commoners could obtain through military service.
Faith in Reason
Authors: Richards Joan L.
Published: May 2022

This chapter focuses on a conversation between well-established Anglican rector of Richmond and archdeacon of Cleveland, Francis Blackburne, and the rising young minister Theophilus Lindsey. Both men were educated at Cambridge University, where they learned of reason through the writings of John Locke. Following the literalist view of reason they took from Locke into the Bible, left the two men struggling to reconcile the religion Jesus preached with doctrines set out in the Thirty-nine Articles of the Anglican Church. Over the course of a very difficult year the two of them arrived at a delicate truce that allowed both of them to keep their jobs in the Anglican Church. At the chapter’s end, their agreement was cemented when Lindsey married Blackburne’s stepdaughter, Hannah Elsworth.
Trials in Cambridge
Authors: Richards Joan L.
Published: May 2022

As politics in France continued to churn, the political mood in England became ever darker. In 1793, Frend published a pamphlet Peace and Union Recommended to the Associated Bodies of Republicans and Anti-Republicans in hopes of finding common, calming ground. As he was writing it the French beheaded their king, Louis XVI, and monarchical England declared war. In response, Frend wrote an appendix, “The Effect of the War on the Poor.” His intent was to highlight the miseries that would attend an all-out war, but his work was read as seditious libel, that is an incitement to riot. Within weeks Frend was rusticated from Jesus College. He then faced a trial in the Senate House of Cambridge University. Frend’s major adversary was the Evangelical vice-chancellor of the university and master of Queens College Isaac Milner. Over the course of several weeks Milner presided over a chaotic trial, which resulted in Frend being banished from Cambridge. Therefore, in September 1793, Frend moved to London
Reasoning in Uneasy Times
Authors: Richards Joan L.
Published: May 2022

As taking stands in either religion or in politics became ever more dangerous William Frend wrote an elementary textbook in hopes of teaching schoolboys to reason through algebra, which was subsidized by the Unitarian sympathiser and wealthy Baron of the Exchequer Francis Maseres. The identifying mark of literalist reason in Frend’s and Maseres’s algebra is the elimination of negative numbers, because they do not have clear numerical interpretations. The Principles of Algebra they published together was not a success.
Frend was more successful with a guide to the night skies that he began publishing annually in 1804. In Evening Amusements Frend’s idea of reasoned religion expanded to include natural theology.
As Napoleon was rampaging Europe Frend’s political perspectives were in flux. In 1808 he began reporting on politics in a monthly column for the Unitarian Monthly Repository of Theology and General Libertature Sometimes he was impressed by the Frenchman’s enlightened ideas, at others appalled by the tragedies of war. In the difficult years when it seemed Napoleon might overwhelm England as well as Europe, Frend found comfort in the emphatically not reasoned, prophetic books of the Bible.
Laying the Groundwork
Authors: Richards Joan L.
Published: May 2022

After finishing Cambridge, De Morgan moved to London to study law. However, he was soon drawn into, and far more interested in the newly forming Astronomical Society. There he joined a group of committed mathematical astronomical thinkers, including William Stratford, Francis Baily, John Herschel, and Charles Babbage, who were struggling against the Royal Society for control of the Nautical Almanac. William Frend was an enthusiastic supporter of the group, who invited De Morgan to his home. Frend also supported the young man’s successful application to be Mathematics Professor at the newly formed London University. In an introductory lecture delivered before the first day of classes, De Morgan explained how learning reason through the study of mathematics would support the intellectual, and moral development of students.
Gentleman of Reason
Authors: Richards Joan L.
Published: May 2022

In the early 1830s, Augustus De Morgan was deeply affected by the revolutionary changes that took place in the French political world and the English scientific one. In the summer of 1831 he resigned his position at the University of London, because he did not think the professoriate was being treated as gentlemen. He then turned his attention to educating his countrymen in reason by publishing with the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (SDUK) that had been established by Henry Brougham. As he was beginning to organize his ideas for publication in the Penny Cyclopædia he was converted to a radically new interpretation of the implications of the Literalist view of reason in mathematics. To Frend’s chagrin he followed the lead of his former tutor, George Peacock, and accepted the legitimacy of negative numbers in algebra.
Population density survey of white-bearded gibbons (Hylobates albibarbis) in high conservation value forest area of palm oil plantation company, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: NURVIANTO SANDY , ADRIYANTI DWI T. , HAMDAN FAUZI , TRIYANTO JOKO , DARMANTO AGUS
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Nurvianto S, Adrianti DT, Hamdan F, Triyanto J, Darmanto A. 2022. Population density survey of white-bearded gibbons (Hylobates albibarbis) in high conservation value forest area of palm oil plantation company, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2245-2254. Bornean white-bearded gibbon (Hylobates albibarbis Lyon, 1911) or Bornean agile gibbon or southern gibbon is an endemic primate of Borneo and its distribution is limited to the forest areas in Central Kalimantan and West Kalimantan, Indonesia. However, its habitat is not restricted to the natural and undisturbed forest because this species also utilizes some forest blocks around rubber and palm oil plantation as habitats. This study aimed to estimate this species' population density and distribution in the five conservation blocks of PT Sawit Sumbermas Sarana (PT SSS), Indonesia and identify factors affecting its distribution. A field survey was conducted in five high conservation value forest areas inside the PT SSS management area, namely Pondok Duku Block, East Bravo Rangda Block, West Bravo Rangda Block, Tanjung Biru Block, and forest blocks around Kenambui Lake. Data was collected from April to May 2019 using the auditory sampling method through predetermined fixed Listening Posts (LP) to record population data. In addition, the protocol sampling technique was employed to systematically record the habitat features within the research site by establishing 0.04 ha plots systematically with a distance between plots of 400 m. Factors affecting gibbon distribution were identified using binary logistic regression. From the field survey, we identified that the southern gibbon was only found in East Bravo Rangda Block and Tanjung Biru Block with a population density of 4.26 ± 0.12 group/km² or 8.53 ± 0.34 individual/km² and 4.26 ± 0.12 group/km² or 8.53 ± 0.34 individual/km², respectively. Gibbon distribution was significantly associated with the number of seedlings (0.024±0.010, P=0.015), saplings (0.128±0.042, P=0.002), and trees (0.225±0.110, P=0.042. This result showed that vegetation condition strongly influences the presence of gibbon in an area.
Diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid species in rice cultivation and their correlation with environmental factors in tidal swamp land
Authors: Ikhsan Zahlul
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Ikhsan Z. 2022. Diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid species in rice cultivation and their correlation with environmental factors in tidal swamp land. Biodiversitas 23: 2262-2269. Environmental factors can affect biodiversity in a landscape. Differences in microclimate conditions can affect the presence of parasitic Hymenoptera in rice cultivation. This study investigated: (i) Landscape structure and microclimate on tidal swamp rice; (ii) Diversity and abundance of parasitic Hymenoptera; (iii) Correlation of parasitic Hymenoptera with their landscapes and microclimate. Determination of sample plots was made using the line transect method in rice cultivation in four tidal swampland landscapes. Data analysis was performed by calculating the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), the Margalef species richness index (D), and the Pielou species evenness index. The relationship between parasitic Hymenoptera and environmental factors was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and canonical correlation analysis. Based on the diversity index (H'), three rice fields in complex landscapes had a higher diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid species than simple landscapes. The presence of Parasitic Hymenoptera on tidal swamp rice can be affected by the landscape's structure and microclimates. Humidity is the microclimate variable that most influences the abundance of Parasitic Hymenoptera in the tidal swamp landscape. Good microclimate management is needed to increase the presence of Parasitic Hymenoptera in tidal swamp rice.
The potential of Lactobacillus buchneri isolated from spontaneous rabbit meat fermented - bekasam against Salmonella typhimurium by in vivo evaluation
Authors: WULANDARI EKA , YURMIATI HUSMY , SUBROTO TOTO , WISMANDANU OKTA , KHAIRANI SHAFIA
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Wulandari E, Yurmiati H, Subroto T, Wismandanu O, Khairani S. 2022. The potential of Lactobacillus buchneri isolated from spontaneous rabbit meat fermented - bekasam against Salmonella typhimurium by in vivo evaluation. Biodiversitas 23: 2304-2310. Rabbit meat bekasam is a traditional fermented food and is considered a healthy and functional food due to its nutrient content and microorganism. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was dominant microorganism and Lactobacillus buchneri E3 is one of LAB isolated during fermentation of the bekasam. Lactobacillus buchneri E3 has antimicrobial activity against pathogen bacteria. The present study aimed to investigate in vivo assessment of antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhimurium using BALB/c mice. Oral administrations of three doses of L. buchneri E3(108, 109, and 1010 CFU/day/mouse) were performed for seven consecutive days. On the 8th day, each animal was inoculated with a single S. typhimurium, and on the 13th day, the mice were sacrificed for observation. The result showed that oral administration of L. buchneri E3 significantly increased the total population of LAB, significantly decreased S. typhimurium populations in the intestines, liver, and spleen, while increasing beneficial bacterial population and maintaining the normal hematology in the mice. The probiotic also maintained the histological examination of spleen and liver. These suggest that L. buchneri E3 is safe and could be used as the starter for fermentation products.
Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene as an accurate DNA barcode for identification of macroscopic fungus in Aceh
Authors: HARNELLY ESSY , KUSUMA HENDRIX INDRA , THOMY ZAIRIN , SAMINGAN SAMINGAN
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Harnelly E, Kusuma HI, Thomy Z, Samingan. 2022. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene as an accurate DNA barcode for identification of macroscopic fungus in Aceh. Biodiversitas 23: 2369-2378. Fungal identification is crucial in determining the fungal’s role and benefits and is usually carried out by morphological observation. However, this technique takes a long time and depends on the accuracy of an expert. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the accuracy of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene to identify macroscopic fungi from Aceh, Indonesia. 23 samples were collected from the Pocut Meurah Intan Grand Forest Park in Aceh, Indonesia. Samples were extracted, amplified, electrophoresed, and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of the amplified products was analyzed by using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). 7 out of the 11 samples with good and regular peaks were continued until further analyzed using BLAST. The results showed that samples aga2, aga4, aga5, aga6, aga9, rus, and pol were identified as Pleurocollybia sp., Pleurotus djamour, Filoboletus manipularis, Schyzophillum commune, Gymnopilus lepidotus,Auriscalpium vulgare, and Gyrodontium sacchari, respectively. The study findings indicate that the use of the ITS gene as a barcode effectively separates up to the species level from the type. This is very helpful in the identification process, especially when distinguishing cryptic species clearly because of their similarity, which is difficult to distinguish morphologically.
Farmers' lives and adaptation strategies toward the forest and peatland fires in Indonesia: Evidence from Central and South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: ROZAKI ZUHUD , NOPEMBERENI ETI DEWI , RAHAYU LESTARI , RAHMAWATI NUR , MURHIDAYAH MAHARANI LULU , REJEKI TRISTYA MEIRANI , ARIFFIN AHMAD SHABUDIN , AZIZAH SOFA NUR , TJALE MALOSE MOSES
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Rozaki Z, Nopembereni ED, Rahayu L, Rahmawati N, Murhidayah ML, Rejeki TM, Ariffin AS, Azizah SN, Tjale MM. 2022. Farmers' lives and adaptation strategies toward the forest and peatland fires in Indonesia: Evidence from Central and South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2379-2388. The frequency of forest and peatland fires in Kalimantan is high yearly, impacting many farmers’ agricultural activities and the environment, especially in the dry season. Farmers conduct agricultural activities in this vulnerable area. This study aimed to analyze farmers’ livelihood and adaptation strategies in Central and South Kalimantan, an area prone to forest and peatland fires. The sample comprised 200 farmers as respondents while the data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and rank spearman analysis. The results showed that the willingness to adapt, community resilience, and government support play important roles in dealing with forest and peatland fires. Therefore, inter-stakeholder coordination should be conducted appropriately for effective risk management to benefit farmers and all impacted parties.
Genetic diversity of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) from several locations in North Sumatra, Indonesia based on RAPD markers
Authors: HASANAH YAYA , MAWARNI LISA , HANUM HAMIDAH , LESTAMI ANGGRIA
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Hasanah Y, Mawarni L, Hanu, H, Lestami A. 2022. Genetic diversity of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) from several locations in North Sumatra, Indonesia based on RAPD markers. Biodiversitas 23: 2405-2410. Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is one of the leading horticultural and spice commodities in Indonesia. Assembling shallot varieties to get a good seed quality requires a high genetic diversity which can be analyzed using molecular markers. This study aims to identify the genetic diversity of shallots from several locations in North Sumatra, Indonesia based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. This research was conducted at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan from September to October 2021. A total of 11 shallot varieties from several locations in North Sumatra were genetically analyzed based on RAPD markers with OPA-13, OPB-07, OPD-20, OPM-01 primers. The results showed that 11 shallot varieties originating from several locations in North Sumatra had a high genetic diversity with the presence of two main groups at a dissimilarity coefficient of 76%. These beneficial results can be used as a complement to morphological markers in the genetic study of shallots for breeders to decide what genotypes will be crossed to make new genetic combinations in the development of shallots. This study reports the success of the shallot varieties’ fingerprints using RAPD markers.
Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) diversity conservation by in vitro culture with IAA and yeast extract
Authors: Samanhudi Samanhudi , SAKYA AMALIA TETRANI , SETYAWATI ANDRIYANA , MUAWANAH MUMTAZ
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Samanhudi, Sakya AT, Setyawati A, Muawanah M. 2022. Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) diversity conservation by in vitro culture with IAA and yeast extract. Biodiversitas 23: 2457-2463. Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) is a scare plant with high economic value and many benefits. Tissue culture is an effective way of producing plants in large quantities, in a short time with uniform results. This study aims to get the proper concentration of IAA and yeast extract for agarwood growth in vitro. The research was conducted in December 2019-June 2020 at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta. The design used is Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in 2 factors: first factor was IAA concentration with 4 level: 0; 0,5; 1; 1.5 mgL-1 and second factor was yeast extract concentration with 4 levels: 0; 200; 400; 800 mgL-1. Obtained 16 combinations of treatments repeated 3 times so that there are 48 units of experiments. Observed variables: the time of appearance of shoots, the number of shoots, the height of shoots, the number of leaves, and the number of roots. Root count data is described and data other than root count is analyzed ANOVA, if real influence is further tested DMRT 5%. The IAA affects the height of shoots and the number of agarwood leaves in vitro rooted plantlets has 5 plantlets.
Community structure of dragonflies (Odonata) in Gunung Bromo’s Forest Area with Special Purpose (FASP), Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: ASTUTI AYU , NAYASILANA IKE NURJUITA , SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO , BUDIHARJO AGUNG
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Astuti A, Nayasilana IN, Sugiyarto, Budiharjo A. 2022. Community structure of dragonflies (Odonata) in Gunung Bromo’s Forest Area with Special Purpose (FASP), Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2493-2501. Dragonflies are one component of biodiversity in Indonesia, which function both as predators and bioindicators of water quality. Dragonfly habitat is widespread ranging from highland forest areas, lowland forests, reservoirs, lakes, rivers, swamps, and rice fields to settlements. One location that becomes dragonfly habitat is in the Gunung Bromo’s Forest Area with Special Purpose (FASP), Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia. This study aims to determine the community structure and habitat preferences of dragonflies in Gunung Bromo’s FASP. Data resulting from this study is expected used as a database for Gunung Bromo’s FASP managing. The study was conducted along the Bamban river which is located in the Gunung Bromo’s FASP area, in June-July 2019. Dragonflies were collected in 14 observation stations. At each observation, station transects were 100 m in length and 10 m in width. Data collection included the dragonflies species, the individual numbers, and environmental factors both abiotic and biotic factors. Data analysis included the diversity, evenness, dominance and similarity of dragonfly species. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to determine the dragonfly abundance pattern and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was applied to determine the relationship between dragonflies and their environmental factors. The results showed there were 23 species of dragonflies in the Gunung Bromo’s FASP with a diversity index of 1.96. PCA results indicate the abundance of dragonflies is not much different in each species. Meanwhile, CCA results show almost of the dragonflies in the Gunung Bromo’s FASP are influenced by abiotic and biotic factors, except on Orthetrum sabina and Copera marginipes. They are assumed have unspecific habitat preferences.
Short Communication: Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Casuarina equisetifolia in saline sandy environment, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: DELVIAN DELVIAN , HARTANTO ADRIAN
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Delvian, Hartanto A. 2022. Short Communication: Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Casuarina equisetifolia in saline sandy environment, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2520-2525. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a mutualistic association with plant roots to cope in the extreme environments including the saline and sandy soils in the coastal areas. In this study, the occurrence of AMF associated with Casuarina equisetifolia that has been planted for coastal rehabilitation located at Cermin Beach, North Sumatra was investigated including its abiotic-biotic interactions from topsoils (0-20 cm) to subsoils (20-80 cm). A total of 10 AM fungal morphotypes were documented with Glomeraceae as the dominant AM fungal taxa (9 morphotypes) and a Glomoid morphotype exists in all soil depths. The number of AMF spores decreased as soil depth increased following other environmental conditions such as pH, soil P availability and soil moisture based on the result of Pearson’s correlation test. The results showed a moderate-to-low level of biodiversity of AMF based on Shannon’s diversity index. The findings revealed the vertical distribution of AMF in a saline environment and supported the planting of C. equisetifolia which successfully recruited the indigenous AMF to form a symbiosis to thrive in the stressful environment.
Short Communication: Morphological characterization of five species of Dendrobium native to Indonesia for parent selection
Authors: HARTATI SRI , SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI , CAHYONO ONGKO
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Hartati S, Samanhudi, Cahyono O. 2022. Short Communication: Morphological characterization of five species of Dendrobium native to Indonesia for parent selection. Biodiversitas 23: 2648-2654. As one of the most plentiful orchid genera, Dendrobium has a potential genetic resource for crossing programs. Morphological characterization is an important step in determining genetic relationships among orchid species in the same genus. The research aims to identify the morphological characteristics of five species of Indonesian Dendrobium in order to assess the potential cross elder candidates. The materials used in this study were D. mirbelianum Gaudich., D. lamellatum (Blume) Lindl., and D. anosmum obtained from Bogor Botanic Gardens; and D.bracteosum Rchb.f. and D. purpureum obtained from Klaten Speci Gardens. This study recorded 30 morphological characters of Dendrobium studied. There were 23 out of the 30 identified morphological characters (76.67%) that showed varying characters in flowers, leaves, pseudobulbs, and roots. Based on the cluster analysis, five species of Dendrobium are separated into two clusters and cluster division does not correlate with the section of Dendrobium. The species with the highest similarity coefficient has the potential to be used as parental in crosses. Dendrobium lamellatum and D. anosmum have the highest similarity coefficient of 0.80 and are the most potential as parental species for crossing, followed by D. bracteosum and D. purpureum with a similarity coefficient of 0.70.
Ginger family from Bueng Kan Province, Thailand: Diversity, conservation status, and traditional uses
Authors: RAGSASILP AREERAT , SAENSOUK PIYAPORN , SAENSOUK SURAPON
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Ragsasilp A, Saensouk P, Saensouk S. 2022. Ginger family from Bueng Kan Province, Thailand: Diversity, conservation status, and traditional uses. Biodiversitas 23: 2739-2753. The objective of this study was to determine the diversity, conservation status, and traditional uses of Zingiberaceae in Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. The family Zingiberaceae was collected during field surveys in Bueng Kan Province, northeastern Thailand between January and December 2021. Three tribes, 13 genera, and 67 species of Zingiberaceae were found. The genera with the highest diversity were Curcuma (12 species), Zingiber (11 species), Globba (10 species), Alpinia (eight species), Kaempferia (seven species), Amomum (six species), Caulokaempferia (four species), Boesenbergia (three species), Gagnepainia (two species), Etlingera (one species), Hedychium (one species), Meistera (one species) and Wurfbainia (one species). Bung Khla district was found to have the most diverse species in this family with 64 species. The family was discovered in five ecosystem types, deciduous dipterocarp forest (20 species), mixed deciduous forest (21 species), dry evergreen forest (20 species), river basin (two species), and cultivated in home gardens (24 species). There were 41 native species found (62.68%), while 16 species (23.88%) were recognized as being cultivated in home gardens. The highest phenology rate was recorded from March to September. Thirty-eight species were reported to have the conservation status as rare species. Twenty-eight species were recognized as common species. Nine species, namely Alpinia macrostaminodia, Amomum biphyllum, A. wandokthong, Globba laeta, Boesenbergia baimaii, Caulokaempferia jirawongsei, Ca. Phutonkensis, Ca. phuwoaensis and Ca. phulangkaensis were recorded as endemic species to Thailand. Moreover, A. macrostaminodia, A. biphyllum, A. monophyllum, C. jirawongsei, Ca. phutokensis, Ca. phuwoaensis and Curcuma pygmaea, were found only in Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. This study reported nine species to be rare plants in Bueng Kan Province. Twenty-nine species of the family Zingiberaceae from Bueng Kan Province were presented in IUCN (2022): CR (1 species), DD (9 species), EN (2 species) LC (16 species), NT (1 species). The Zingiberaceae in Bueng Kan Province had popular uses as food, spice, rituals, and ornamentals. For the medicinal use of Zingiberaceae in this study, they were in relation to flatulence, laxative, diuretic, stomachache, treatment of inguinal hernia, uterine involution, antipruritic, cosmetic, skin disease, carminative, antiflatulent, intoxication, and tonic. In Thailand, 42 species of Zingiberaceae are reported for the first time to have traditional uses. Therefore, the information on the diversity, conservation status, and traditional uses are important as biological resources of the Zingiberaceae in Bueng Kan Province, Thailand.