bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DeepCAGE: Incorporating Transcription Factors in Genome-Wide Prediction of Chromatin Accessibility
Authors: Liu Qiao , Hua Kui , Zhang Xuegong , Wong Wing Hung , Jiang Rui
Published: March 2022

Although computational approaches have been complementing high-throughput biological experiments for the identification of functional regions in the human genome, it remains a great challenge to systematically decipher interactions between transcription factors (TFs) and regulatory elements to achieve interpretable annotations of chromatin accessibility across diverse cellular contexts. To solve this problem, we propose DeepCAGE, a deep learning framework that integrates sequence information and binding statuses of TFs, for the accurate prediction of chromatin accessible regions at a genome-wide scale in a variety of cell types. DeepCAGE takes advantage of a densely connected deep convolutional neural network architecture to automatically learn sequence signatures of known chromatin accessible regions and then incorporates such features with expression levels and binding activities of human core TFs to predict novel chromatin accessible regions. In a series of systematic comparisons with existing methods, DeepCAGE exhibits superior performance in not only the classification but also the regression of chromatin accessibility signals. In a detailed analysis of TF activities, DeepCAGE successfully extracts novel binding motifs and measures the contribution of a TF to the regulation with respect to a specific locus in a certain cell type. When applied to whole-genome sequencing data analysis, our method successfully prioritizes putative deleterious variants underlying a human complex trait and thus provides insights into the understanding of disease-associated genetic variants. DeepCAGE can be downloaded from https://github.com/kimmo1019/DeepCAGE.
Plant Domestication and the Origins of Agriculture in the Ancient Near East
Authors: Abbo Shahal , Gopher Avi , Bar-Gal Gila Kahila
Published: March 2022

The Agricultural Revolution – including the domestication of plants and animals in the Near East – that occurred 10,500 years ago ended millions of years of human existence in small, mobile, egalitarian communities of hunters-gatherers. This Neolithic transformation led to the formation of sedentary communities that produced crops such as wheat, barley, peas, lentils, chickpeas and flax and domesticated range of livestock, including goats, sheep, cattle and pigs. All of these plants and animals still play a major role in the contemporary global economy and nutrition. This agricultural revolution also stimulated the later development of the first urban centres. This volume examines the origins and development of plant domestication in the Ancient Near East, along with various aspects of the new Man-Nature relationship that characterizes food-producing societies. It demonstrates how the rapid, geographically localized, knowledge-based domestication of plants was a human initiative that eventually gave rise to Western civilizations and the modern human condition.
Monotheism and Existentialism
Authors: Casewell Deborah
Published: March 2022

Existentialism is often seen and at times parodied as the philosophy of individuality, authenticity, despair, and defiance in a godless world. However, it cannot be understood without reference to religion, and in particular the monotheism of Christianity. Even the existentialist slogan, 'existence precedes essence', is formulated in relation to monotheism. This Element will show that monotheism and existentialism are intertwined: they react to each other, and share content and concerns. This Element will set out a genealogy of existentialist thought; explore key atheistic and theistic existentialists; and argue that there are productive conversations to be had as regards key concepts such as freedom and authenticity, relationality, and ethics.
Forgiveness, Repentance, and Diachronic Blameworthiness
Authors: KHOURY ANDREW C.
Published: March 2022

Many theorists have found the notion of forgiveness to be paradoxical, for it is thought that only the blameworthy can be appropriately forgiven but that the blameworthy are appropriately blamed, not forgiven. Some have appealed to the notion of repentance to resolve this tension. But others have objected that such a response is explanatorily inadequate in the sense that it merely stipulates and names a solution leaving the transformative power of repentance unexplained. Worse still, others have objected that such a response cannot succeed because no amount of repentance can render the blameworthy not blameworthy. I argue that this latter objection is based on a mistaken assumption, the acknowledgement of which has the power to resolve the paradox in a way that meets the explanatory adequacy challenge and, more generally, has significant implications with which any full theory of forgiveness must engage.
A Neo-Searlean Theory of Intentionality
Authors: Georgalis Nicholas
Published: March 2022

I present Searle’s theory of intentionality and defend it against some objections. I then significantly extend his theory by exposing and incorporating an ambiguity in the question as to what an intentional state is about as between a subjective and an objective reading of the question. Searle implicitly relies on this ambiguity while applying his theory to a solution to the problem of substitution in propositional attitudes, but his failure to explicitly accommodate the ambiguity undermines his solution. My extension of his theory succeeds. I also indicate how the new theory can be deployed to resolve other outstanding problems.
Characterising englacial R-channels using artificial moulins
Authors: Pohle Annegret , Werder Mauro A. , Gräff Dominik , Farinotti Daniel
Published: March 2022

The englacial and subglacial drainage systems exert key controls on glacier dynamics. However, due to their inaccessibility, they are still only poorly understood and more detailed observations are important, particularly to validate and tune physical models describing their dynamics. By creating artificial glacier moulins – boreholes connected to the subglacial drainage system and supplied with water from surface streams – we present a novel method to monitor the evolution of an englacial hydrological system with high temporal resolution. Here, we use artificial moulins as representations for vertical, pressurised, englacial R-channels. From tracer and pressure measurements, we derive time series of the hydraulic gradient, discharge, flow speed and channel cross-sectional area. Using these, we compute the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor, obtaining values which increase from 0.1 to 13 within five days of channel evolution. Furthermore, we simulate the growth of the cross-sectional area using different temperature gradients. The comparison to our measurements largely supports the common assumption that the temperature follows the pressure melting point. The deviations from this behaviour are analysed using various heat transfer parameterisations to assess their applicability. Finally, we discuss how artificial moulins could be combined with glacier-wide tracer experiments to constrain parameters of subglacial drainage more precisely.
MODEL THEORY OF FIELDS WITH FINITE GROUP SCHEME ACTIONS
Authors: HOFFMANN DANIEL MAX , KOWALSKI PIOTR
Published: March 2022

We study model theory of fields with actions of a fixed finite group scheme. We prove the existence and simplicity of a model companion of the theory of such actions, which generalizes our previous results about truncated iterative Hasse–Schmidt derivations [13] and about Galois actions [14]. As an application of our methods, we obtain a new model complete theory of actions of a finite group on fields of finite imperfection degree.
Antarctic representation in print media during the emergence of COVID-19
Authors: Alexander Karen A. , Marx Katie , Hunt Linda , Zhang Mengzhu
Published: March 2022

Like every other continent in the world, Antarctica has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, in an imagined as well as a practical sense. Antarctica is a mediated experience; that is, most of us experience the place through films, novels, music, visual arts and the media. We present an analysis of media articles from eight countries over three time periods - pre-COVID-19 outbreak (October–December 2019), shortly after the pandemic hit the headlines (March–May 2020) and when the virus was established (October–December 2020) - to discover how COVID-19 may have changed Antarctic discourse. Our study shows that representations of Antarctica have been affected by the pandemic, in some instances reinforcing existing ideas and in other cases bringing new ideas to the fore. Based on our findings, we believe that COVID-19 has begun to change representations of Antarctica, stepping us away from the prevailing Antarctic hero narrative and providing a more contemporary understanding of the Antarctic experience. We argue that this may increase our motivation to engage with Antarctic issues, with associated implications for future global stewardship of the region.
Asymptomatic latent Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome detected during school heart screening: a case Report
Authors: Aoki Hisaaki , Nakamura Yoshihide
Published: March 2022

In latent Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, ventricular pre-excitation is inapparent during sinus rhythm but carries the same possibility of sudden cardiac death and palpitations as overt Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome. It is difficult to diagnose latent Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome when a patient does not have syncope or palpitations. We report the case of an asymptomatic patient with latent Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome detected on school heart screening using subtle electrocardiography findings.
Kant on Common Sense and Empirical Concepts
Authors: Sethi Janum
Published: March 2022

Kant’s notion of common sense (Gemeinsinn) is crucial not only for his account of judgements of beauty, but also for the link he draws between the necessary conditions of such judgements and cognition in general. Contrary to existing interpretations which connect common sense to pleasure, I argue that it should be understood as the capacity to sense the harmony of the cognitive faculties through asui generissensation distinct from pleasure. This sensed harmony of the faculties is not only the ground of judgements of beauty and the basis of pleasure in the beautiful, but is also essential, I argue, for the reflecting judgements through which we acquire empirical concepts.
SET THEORY AND A MODEL OF THE MIND IN PSYCHOLOGY
Authors: TÖRNQUIST ASGER , MAMMEN JENS
Published: March 2022

We investigate the mathematics of a model of the human mind which has been proposed by the psychologist Jens Mammen. Mathematical realizations of this model consists of what the first author (A.T.) has called Mammen spaces, where a Mammen space is a triple
$(U,\mathcal S,\mathcal C)$
, where U is a non-empty set (“the universe”),
$\mathcal S$
is a perfect Hausdorff topology on U, and
$\mathcal C\subseteq \mathcal P(U)$
together with
$\mathcal S$
satisfy certain axioms.

We refute a conjecture put forward by Hoffmann-Jørgensen, who conjectured that the existence of a “complete” Mammen space implies the Axiom of Choice, by showing that in the first Cohen model, in which ZF holds but AC fails, there is a complete Mammen space. We obtain this by proving that in the first Cohen model, every perfect topology can be extended to a maximal perfect topology.

On the other hand, we also show that if all sets are Lebesgue measurable, or all sets are Baire measurable, then there are no complete Mammen spaces with a countable universe.

Further, we investigate two new cardinal invariants
$\mathfrak u_{M}$
and
$\mathfrak u_{T}$
associated with complete Mammen spaces and maximal perfect topologies, and establish some basic inequalities that are provable in ZFC. Then we show
$\mathfrak u_{M}=\mathfrak u_{T}=2^{\aleph _{0}}$
follows from Martin’s Axiom, and, contrastingly, we show that
$\aleph _{1}=\mathfrak u_{M}=\mathfrak u_{T}<2^{\aleph _{0}}=\aleph _{2}$
in the Baumgartner–Laver model.

Finally, consequences for psychology are discussed.
Integrated Reporting in Multidimensional Personality	Questionnaires
Authors: de Raad Boele , Brokken Frank B. , Hendriks A. A. Jolijn , Hofstee Willem K. B.
Published: March 2022

Abstract: In individual applications, in which the client is the primary audience for the outcome of a personality assessment, integrated reporting is needed in communicating the result. With multidimensional questionnaires, the usual reporting in terms of a profile of separate scale scores is insufficient from that communicative point of view. We present a procedure for finding integral characterizations, consisting of a set of markers for the rotated factor defined by the individual’s score vector. For illustrations, we refer to the Five-Factor Personality Inventory (FFPI-III; see Hendriks et al., 2019 ).
The Critical Role of Euro‐Atlantic Blocking in Promoting Snowfall in Central Greenland
Authors: Pettersen Claire , Henderson Stephanie A. , Mattingly Kyle S. , Bennartz Ralf , Breeden Melissa L.
Published: March 2022

The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is losing mass at an increasing rate yet mass gain from snowfall still exceeds the loss attributed to surface melt processes on an annual basis. This work assesses the relationship between persistent atmospheric blocking across the Euro‐Atlantic region and enhanced precipitation processes over the central GrIS during June–August and September–November. Results show that the vast majority of snowfall events in the central GrIS coincide with Euro‐Atlantic blocking. During June–August, snowfall events are produced primarily by mixed‐phase clouds (88%) and are linked to a persistent blocking anticyclone over southern Greenland (84%). The blocking anticyclone slowly advects warm, moist air masses into western and southern Greenland, with positive temperature and water vapor anomalies that intensify over the central GrIS. A zonal integrated water vapor transport pattern south of Greenland indicates a southern shift of the North Atlantic storm track associated with the high‐latitude blocking. In contrast, snowfall events during September–November are largely produced by ice‐phase clouds (85%) and are associated with a blocking anticyclone over the Nordic Seas and blocked flow over northern Europe (78%). The blocking anticyclone deflects the westerly North Atlantic storm track poleward and enables the rapid transport of warm, moist air masses up the steep southeastern edge of the GrIS, with positive temperature and water vapor anomalies to the east and southeast of Greenland. These results emphasize the critical role of Euro‐Atlantic blocking in promoting snowfall processes over the central GrIS and the importance of accurate representation of blocking in climate model projections.
Late Cenozoic Extensional Formation of the Antofalla Depression, Southern Puna Plateau, Argentina: An Effect of Lithospheric Foundering?
Authors: Tye Alexander , McMillan Mitchell , Schoenbohm Lindsay , Zhou Renjie
Published: March 2022

Deformation within orogenic plateaus functions to establish a dynamic equilibrium between tectonic boundary stresses and plateau gravitational potential energy. Temporal changes in deformation kinematics record perturbations to boundary stresses or internal plateau processes, such as lithospheric foundering. We integrate new mapping, field observations, and geochronologic ages with published data to document complex late Cenozoic upper crustal deformation in the region of the Antofalla depression, a ∼125 km long, sublinear basin within the southern Puna orogenic plateau, Argentina. The juxtaposition of stratal ages across the depression requires >900 m vertical offset on a surface‐breaking fault. Regional geologic structure, basin geomorphology, and our observation of a breccia paralleling the depression margin suggest formation of the depression by normal faulting. We interpret published stratigraphic logs to suggest that the depression formed between ca. 16 and 11 Ma following Andean shortening. Folded Late Miocene to Quaternary strata on the eastern depression margin indicate that extension ended and shortening resumed before present, revealing toggling between extensional and contractional kinematic regimes. The kinematic evolution of the Antofalla depression contrasts with the rest of the southern Puna plateau, which underwent shortening until latest Miocene to Quaternary time, followed by extension and strike‐slip deformation. Taken together, the spatial and temporal variations in late Cenozoic deformation of the southern Puna plateau are inconsistent with mechanisms that would affect the entire orogen, such as slowing convergence, but are compatible with lithospheric foundering.
An injectable self-adaptive polymer as a drug carrier for the treatment of nontraumatic early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Kong Ning , Yang Hang , Tian Run , Liu Guanzhi , Li Yiyang , Guan Huanshuai , Wei Qilu , Du Xueshan , Lei Yutian , Li Zhe , Cao Ruomu , Zhao Yiwei , Wang Xiaohui , Wang Kunzheng , Yang Pei
Published: March 2022

Core decompression (CD) with the elimination of osteonecrotic bone is the most common strategy for treating early-stage nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Adjuvant treatments are widely used in combination with CD as suitable methods of therapy. Existing augmentations have to be fabricated in advance. Here, we report a novel injectable glycerin-modified polycaprolactone (GPCL) that can adapt to the shape of the CD cavity. GPCL shows great flowability at 52.6 °C. After solidification, its compressive modulus was 120 kPa at body temperature (37 °C). This excellent characteristic enables the polymer to provide mechanical support in vivo. In addition, GPCL acts as a carrier of the therapeutic agent zoledronic acid (ZA), demonstrating sustained release into the CD region. ZA-loaded GPCL was injected into ONFH lesions to treat early-stage nontraumatic cases. Compared to that in the CD group, CD+ZA-loaded GPCL injection preserved bone density and increased the collagen level in the femoral head. At the interface between the GPCL and CD tunnel wall, osteogenesis was significantly promoted. In addition, morphological evaluations revealed that the femoral heads in the CD+ZA-GPCL group exhibited improved pressure resistance. These results suggest a strategy effective to preserve the bone density of the femoral head, thus decreasing the possibility of femoral head collapse. This novel injectable polymer has, therefore, considerable potential in clinical applications.
Blocking GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells alleviates disease activity in lupus mice
Authors: Luo Guihu , He Yi , Yang Fangyuan , Zhai Zeqing , Han Jiaochan , Xu Wenchao , Zhang Jialin , Zhuang Lili , Zhang Yanan , Li Yehao , Song Rui , Luo Xiaoqing , Liang Jianheng , Sun Erwei
Published: March 2022

An increase in apoptosis and/or defects in the clearance of apoptotic cells resulting in massive secondary necrosis have been recognized as the main causes of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Recent findings have revealed that gasdermin E (GSDME)-mediated pyroptosis is a mechanism associated with secondary necrosis. We aimed to investigate the effects of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis on disease activity in lupus mice. In vivo, high levels of GSDME expression were observed in the renal tubules of pristane-induced lupus (PIL) mice and SLE patients. In lupus mice, GSDME knockout or SP600125 administration effectively ameliorated lupus-like features by inhibiting GSDME-mediated renal tubular epithelial cell pyroptosis. In vitro, treatment with tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plus cycloheximide (CHX) or SLE sera induced HK2 cells to undergo pyroptosis in a caspase-3- and GSDME-dependent manner. Likewise, SP600125 significantly reduced GSDME expression and decreased pyroptosis in HK2 cells. GSDME-mediated pyroptosis may be associated with SLE pathogenesis, and targeting GSDME may be a potential strategy for treating SLE.
HDAC11 promotes both NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD and caspase-3/GSDME pathways causing pyroptosis via ERG in vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Yao Feng , Jin Zhen , Zheng Zihan , Lv Xiaohan , Ren Lingxuan , Yang Jianjun , Chen Danli , Wang Bo , Yang Wei , Chen Lifang , Wang Weirong , Gu Jianli , Lin Rong
Published: March 2022

Histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11), a sole member of the class IV HDAC subfamily, participates in various cardiovascular diseases. Recent evidence showed that pyroptosis was a form of inflammatory programmed cell death and is critical for atherosclerosis (AS). However, little is known about the effect of HDAC11 on endothelial cell pyroptosis in AS. Thus, this study aims to investigate the role of HDAC11 in vascular endothelial cell pyroptosis and its molecular mechanism. Firstly, we found that HDAC11 expression was up-regulated and pyroptosis occurred in the aorta of ApoE−/−mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 or 12 weeks. Then, in vitro study found the treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) resulted in pyroptosis, as evidenced by activation of caspase-1 and caspase-3 activation, cleavage of downstream gasdermin D (GSDMD) and gasdermin E (GSDME/DFNA5), the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-18, as well as elevation of LDH activity and increase of propidium iodide (PI)-positive cells. Besides, TNF-α increased HDAC11 expression and induced pyroptosis via TNFR1 in HUVECs. HDAC11 knockdown mitigated pyroptosis by suppressing both NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD and caspase-3/GSDME pathways in TNF-α-induced HUVECs. Moreover, GSDME knockdown by siRNA significantly decreased pyroptosis and inflammatory response, while treatment with disulfiram or necrosulfonamide (NSA) further augmented the inhibitory effects of GSDME siRNA on pyroptosis and inflammatory response. Further studies found HDAC11 formed a complex with ERG and decreased the acetylation levels of ERG. More importantly, ERG knockdown augmented vascular endothelial cell pyroptosis in TNF-α-induced HUVECs. Taken together, our study suggests that HDAC11 might promote both NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD and caspase-3/GSDME pathways leading to pyroptosis via regulation of ERG acetylation in HUVECs. Modulation of HDAC11 may serve as a potential target for therapeutic strategies of AS.
The distinctive roles played by the superoxide dismutases of the extremophile Acinetobacter sp. Ver3
Authors: Steimbrüch Bruno Alejandro , Sartorio Mariana Gabriela , Cortez Néstor , Albanesi Daniela , Lisa María-Natalia , Repizo Guillermo Daniel
Published: March 2022

Acinetobacter sp. Ver3 is a polyextremophilic strain characterized by a high tolerance to radiation and pro-oxidants. The Ver3 genome comprises the sodB and sodC genes encoding an iron (AV3SodB) and a copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (AV3SodC), respectively; however, the specific role(s) of these genes has remained elusive. We show that the expression of sodB remained unaltered in different oxidative stress conditions whereas sodC was up-regulated in the presence of blue light. Besides, we studied the changes in the in vitro activity of each SOD enzyme in response to diverse agents and solved the crystal structure of AV3SodB at 1.34 Å, one of the highest resolutions achieved for a SOD. Cell fractionation studies interestingly revealed that AV3SodB is located in the cytosol whereas AV3SodC is also found in the periplasm. Consistently, a bioinformatic analysis of the genomes of 53 Acinetobacter species pointed out the presence of at least one SOD type in each compartment, suggesting that these enzymes are separately required to cope with oxidative stress. Surprisingly, AV3SodC was found in an active state also in outer membrane vesicles, probably exerting a protective role. Overall, our multidisciplinary approach highlights the relevance of SOD enzymes when Acinetobacterspp. are confronted with oxidizing agents.
A three-staged framework for measuring water supply resilience in rural China based on PLS-SEM
Authors: Zhou Wenmei , Kalonji Gretchen , Chen Chuan , Zheng Hongyan , Martek Igor
Published: March 2022

China suffers from frequent large-scale earthquakes, posing a significant challenge to the development and integrity of its rural water supply system (RWSS). The earthquake resilience of water supply systems is understood to be a function of multifaceted factors, which are time- and space-dependent. Measuring the seismic-resilience of RWSS in China remains a challenge. This paper proposes a multi-stage comprehensive evaluation framework, focusing on the relationship between multi-dimensional factors and the seismic- resilience of RWSS in rural areas, across three stages: before, during and after earthquake events. This study comprises four steps: (1) Development of a multi-stage evaluation conceptual framework; (2) identification of seismic-resilience factors; (3) verification of the relationships between factors and stages; and (4) formation of the final evaluation framework. The relationship between multi-dimensional factors is confirmed by a method of triangulation through the quantitative analysis of PLS-SEM combined with the qualitative literature analysis, highlighting the causal approach of the resilience of RWSSs, so as to better understand the resilience state of each stage of disaster. Understanding these factors and their influence on the seismic capacity of RWSS will enable local authorities to recognize the existing advantages and disadvantages of these factors, so as to carry out better resilience practice in all stages of disasters.
Quality of life of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 1-year follow-up study
Authors: Ueda Riyo , Okada Takashi , Kita Yosuke , Ukezono Masatoshi , Takada Miki , Ozawa Yuri , Inoue Hisami , Shioda Mutsuki , Kono Yoshimi , Kono Chika , Nakamura Yukiko , Amemiya Kaoru , Ito Ai , Sugiura Nobuko , Matsuoka Yuichiro , Kaiga Chinami , Shiraki Yasuko , Kubota Masaya , Ozawa Hiroshi
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to reveal changes in the quality of life (QOL) of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their parents, and the interaction between their QOL and parental mental state during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Eighty-nine school-aged children and parents participated in surveys in May 2020 (T1) and May 2021 (T2). The parents completed questionnaires that assessed their QOL, depression, parenting stress, and living conditions. Children’s temporary mood status was evaluated using the self-reported visual analog scale (VAS). Children’s QOL and VAS at T2 were higher than their QOL at T1. Parents’ QOL at T2 was lower than their QOL at T1. Severe parental depression at T1 had a synergistic effect on severe parenting stress and severe depressive state at T2. Additionally, children’s high QOL at T1 had a synergistic effect on low parenting stress and children’s high QOL at T2. Furthermore, children’s low VAS scores and parents’ low QOL at T2 were associated with deterioration of family economic status. Children and parents’ QOL changed during the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic. Improvement in children’s QOL was influenced by reduced maternal depressive symptoms. Public support for parental mental health is important to avoid decreasing QOL.
Alteration of physiological and biochemical properties in leaves and fruits of pomegranate in response to gamma irradiation
Authors: Saadati Safoora , Borzouei Azam , Rahemi Mohammad Reza , Naserian Khiabani Behnam
Published: March 2022

Pomegranate breeding to improve the marketability requires the production of large and high quality fruits. Gamma radiation on pomegranate can be used to generate genetic diversity that allows the breeder to screen the mutants for superior quality and quantity. For this purpose, dormant buds on 1-year-old shoots of pomegranate cultivar "Malase Saveh" were subjected to 36 Gy (Gy) of gamma irradiation from a cobalt (60CO) source. Shoot cuttings were taken from the mutated shoots and generate M1V2. The number of 11 mutants were selected from M1V2 plants based on their winter survival and disease resistance. After a period of 3–4 years, leaf and fruit samples were harvested from the M1V5. Results showed that physiological and biochemical parameters of leaves were altered unevenly, some clones showed no alterations from the control, while others revealed considerable differences. Irradiation altered various aspects related to fruit, such as the number and weight of ripe and unripe fruits, number of cracked, sunburn, worm-eaten fruits, and fruit size. In general, mutant clones 5, 8, and 10 had higher fruit sizes and weight of ripe fruits and less number and weight of unripe fruits. The stability of the detected mutants will be evaluated and new commercial field trials using selected materials will be established.
Experiences of maltreatment in childhood and attention to facial emotions in healthy young women
Authors: Hoepfel Dennis , Günther Vivien , Bujanow Anna , Kersting Anette , Bodenschatz Charlott Maria , Suslow Thomas
Published: March 2022

Using reaction-time measures, research on the relationship between childhood maltreatment and biased attention to emotional stimuli in adults has obtained inconsistent results. To help clarify this issue, we conducted an eye-tracking study on the link between childhood maltreatment and allocation of attention to facial emotions analyzing gaze behavior in addition to manual reactions. In contrast to prior investigations, we excluded individuals with tendencies to minimize maltreatment experiences from analyses. Gaze behavior and manual response time of 58 healthy women were examined in a dot-probe task in which pairs of emotional (happy, sad, or disgusted) and neutral faces were presented. In our analyses, participants’ affectivity, level of alexithymia, and intelligence were controlled. Entry time and dwell time on facial expressions were used as indicators of attention allocation. Childhood maltreatment showed no effect on response latencies but was associated with shorter entry times on emotional faces and shorter dwell time on disgusted faces. Experiences of childhood maltreatment seem to be linked to an increased early vigilance to emotional social signals and to an attentional avoidance of hostile facial expressions at a later stage of perception. The present results suggest a vigilance-avoidance pattern of attention allocation associated with childhood maltreatment.
Midpalatal suture maturation staging using cone beam computed tomography in patients aged between 9 to 21 years
Authors: Savoldi Fabio , Wong Ki Kwan , Yeung Andy W. K. , Tsoi James K. H. , Gu Min , Bornstein Michael M.
Published: March 2022

Midpalatal suture was analysed with cone beam computed tomography to identify its maturation with respect to age and maxillary-complex growth in 72 patients 9- to 21-year-old. Maxillary-complex was divided in premaxillary, maxillary, and palatine segment. Interdigitation and ossification of midpalatal suture, its density relative to hard tissues and soft tissues, and midpalatal suture density ratio were measured for each segment. Correlation of each parameter with age and maxillary-complex length was analysed, and classification trees were developed for staging parameters. Midpalatal suture maturation stages (MPSMS, from A to E) were applied to assess relationship with age and maxillary-complex length. Regarding age, ossification increased in maxillary segment of males (rS = 0.39, p = 0.032), while suture density relative to soft tissues increased in maxillary (rS = 0.37, p = 0.042) and palatine segments (rS = 0.41, p = 0.027) of males and in palatine segment of females (rS = 0.32, p = 0.041). In males, suture density relative to soft tissues discriminated two age-stages (p = 0.024), and the same parameter (p = 0.023) paired with ossification (p = 0.027) discriminated two length-stages. MPSMS identified length-differences between stage A and B in females (p = 0.001). Midpalatal-suture ossification and its density relative to soft tissues showed some relationship with age and maxillary-complex length, especially in males. However, challenging staging and limitations in the imaging method may limit clinical applications.
Maximum power point tracking of PEMFC based on hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm with fuzzy control
Authors: Fan Liping , Ma Xianyang
Published: March 2022

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is an effective method to improve the power generation efficiency and power supply quality of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Due to the inherent nonlinear characteristics of PEMFC, conventional MPPT methods are often difficult to achieve a satisfactory control effect. Considering this, artificial bee colony algorithm combining fuzzy control (ABC-fuzzy) was proposed to construct a MPPT control scheme for PEMFC. The global optimization ability of ABC algorithm was used to approach the maximum power point of PEMFC and solve the problem of falling into local optimization, and fuzzy control was used to eliminate the problems of large overshoot and slow convergence speed of ABC algorithm. The testing results show that compared with perturb & observe algorithm, conductance increment and ABC methods, ABC-fuzzy method can make PEMFC obtain greater output power, faster regulation speed, smaller steady-state error, less oscillation and stronger anti-interference ability. The MPPT scheme based on ABC-fuzzy can effectively realize the maximum power output of PEMFC, and plays an important role in improving the service life and power supply efficiency of PEMFC.
Changes in trophic structure of an exploited fish community at the centennial scale are linked to fisheries and climate forces
Authors: Durante Leonardo , Wing Stephen , Ingram Travis , Sabadel Amandine , Shima Jeffrey
Published: March 2022

Understanding how marine food webs are affected by anthropogenic stressors is an important steppingstone toward the improved management of natural resources. Stable isotope analysis of historical and modern samples spanning a century indicated that the niche width of an exploited fish community increased after the expansion of New Zealand fisheries. Since the 2000s most species increased their reliance on food webs supported by pelagic production, compared to coastal production supported by macroalgae, and shifted to a higher trophic level. Overall changes were coincident with ocean warming, climate oscillations, prey abundance and fishing intensity, but their effects were specific to each fish assemblage analyzed. Data derived from historical samples revealed how anthropogenic stressors can drive long-term shifts in the trophic structure of an exploited fish community.
Understanding signatures of positive natural selection in human zinc transporter genes
Authors: Roca-Umbert Ana , Caro-Consuegra Rocio , Londono-Correa Diego , Rodriguez-Lozano Gabriel Felipe , Vicente Ruben , Bosch Elena
Published: March 2022

Zinc is an essential micronutrient with a tightly regulated systemic and cellular homeostasis. In humans, some zinc transporter genes (ZTGs) have been previously reported as candidates for strong geographically restricted selective sweeps. However, since zinc homeostasis is maintained by the joint action of 24 ZTGs, other more subtle modes of selection could have also facilitated human adaptation to zinc availability. Here, we studied whether the complete set of ZTGs are enriched for signals of positive selection in worldwide populations and population groups from South Asia. ZTGs showed higher levels of genetic differentiation between African and non-African populations than would be randomly expected, as well as other signals of polygenic selection outside Africa. Moreover, in several South Asian population groups, ZTGs were significantly enriched for SNPs with unusually extended haplotypes and displayed SNP genotype-environmental correlations when considering zinc deficiency levels in soil in that geographical area. Our study replicated some well-characterized targets for positive selection in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, and proposes new candidates for follow-up in South Asia (SLC39A5) and Africa (SLC39A7). Finally, we identified candidate variants for adaptation in ZTGs that could contribute to different disease susceptibilities and zinc-related human health traits.
Plasma technology for lignocellulosic biomass conversion toward an electrified biorefinery
Authors: Dimitrakellis Panagiotis , Delikonstantis Evangelos , D. Stefanidis Georgios , G. Vlachos Dionisios
Published: March 2022

An overview of plasma technology for the electrified and sustainable conversion of lignocellulosic biomass.
Deposition and facile control over the morphology of phase-pure SnS thin films via the spin-coating route
Authors: Liang Hui , Li Bingchen , Cai Gangri , Xue Song
Published: March 2022

Morphology-controllable SnS films were deposited using a spin-coating route by tailoring ramping rate of thermo-reduction. Further careful analysis indicates different morphology films have the potential for multifarious photoelectronic applications.
Effect of ring stiffness and ambient pressure on the dynamical slowdown in ring polymers
Authors: Roy Projesh Kumar , Chaudhuri Pinaki , Vemparala Satyavani
Published: March 2022

Using extensive molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the slowdown of dynamics in a 3D system of ring polymers by varying the ambient pressure and the stiffness of the rings.
Towards a better understanding of the forming and resistive switching behavior of Ti-doped HfOx RRAM
Authors: Athena Fabia F. , West Matthew P. , Hah Jinho , Hanus Riley , Graham Samuel , Vogel Eric M.
Published: March 2022

Optimum Ti doping provides a trade-off between the forming voltage and the switching window. A physical explanation of the observed forming and resistive switching characteristics has been provided.
Blocking viral infections with lysine-based polymeric nanostructures: a critical review
Authors: Stagi Luigi , de Forni Davide , Innocenzi Plinio
Published: March 2022

Lysine-based polymeric nanostructures are effective antiviral systems against different strains. The different forms of l-lysine compounds are able to inhibit the virus entry reducing or inhibiting the viral infection.
Smart ultra-stable foams stabilized using cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) gels via noncovalent bonding
Authors: Guo Kaidi , Wei Peng , Xie Yahong , Huang Xueli
Published: March 2022

Hydrogen bonding and the electrostatic shielding effect between cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)oleylamine (BOA) enhanced adsorption of surfactant molecules at the gas/water interface and induced gelation within the bulk.
Fluorescence sensing of nitrophenol explosives using a two-dimensional organic–metal chalcogenide fully covered with functional groups
Authors: Pan Yu , Wang Chengpeng , Fu Zhihua , Wang Guang-E , Xu Gang
Published: March 2022

A new fluorescent OMC, few-layered CdClHT, fully and orderly covered with phenol groups shows superb performance toward TNP.
Deactivation and regeneration of a benchmark Pt/C catalyst toward oxygen reduction reaction in the presence of poisonous SO2 and NO
Authors: Liu Yu-Xin , Zhang Wei-Yi , Han Guo-Kang , Zhou Ya-Wei , Li Ling-Feng , Kang Cong , Kong Fan-Peng , Gao Yun-Zhi , Du Chun-Yu , Wang Jia-Jun , Ma Yu-Lin , Du Lei , Cai Wen-Bin , Yin Ge-Ping
Published: March 2022

Adsorbed SO2 on Pt sites can be substituted by NO; adsorbed NO can be completely reduced to NH4+ and removed in a reduction potential range.
Highly hydrophilic covalent organic frameworks as efficient and reusable photocatalysts for oxidative coupling of amines in aqueous solution
Authors: Liu Shufang , Su Qing , Qi Wei , Luo Kexin , Sun Xiaoman , Ren Hao , Wu Qiaolin
Published: March 2022

Highly hydrophilic 2D-COFs, TFB-XX-DMTH, have been successfully constructed by a three-component in situ assembly strategy and exhibited superior photocatalytic performance in oxidative coupling reactions of benzylamines in aqueous solution.
Aggregate dependent electrochromic properties of amino acid appended naphthalene diimides in water
Authors: Randle Rebecca I. , Cavalcanti Leide , Sproules Stephen , Draper Emily R.
Published: March 2022

Naphthalene diimides have electrochromic applications due to their highly stable dark reduced state along with a transparent colourless neutral state. Here we show the morphology of aggregated structures at different pHs has a greater influence on the chromic properties than the chemical structure.
Bis(pyridyl)-disulfonamides: structural comparison with their carboxamidic analogues and the effect of molecular geometry and supramolecular assembly on their photophysical properties
Authors: Das Moyna , Markad Datta , Maity Suvendu , Ghosh Prasanta , Sarkar Madhushree
Published: March 2022

Presence of Sulphur or Carbon atom in amidic group is reciprocated in their solid state structures. AIE or ACQ of disulphonamides is explained on the basis of their crystal packing.
Polybenzimidazoles (PBIs) and state-of-the-art PBI hollow fiber membranes for water, organic solvent and gas separations: a review
Authors: Wang Kai Yu , Weber Martin , Chung Tai-Shung
Published: March 2022

A comprehensive overview of the recent progress toward polybenzimidazole hollow fiber membranes, including material chemistry, molecular structure modification, spinning chemistry and process protocols, is presented with challenges and perspectives.
Natural polysaccharide-based aerogels and their applications in oil–water separations: a review
Authors: Fu Ye , Guo Zhiguang
Published: March 2022

This paper reviews the polysaccharide-based aerogels reported in recent years for oil–water separation, compares their efficiency in the oil–water separation process, and provides ideas for the preparation of green oil–water separation materials.
Understanding the structure–activity relationships of different double atom catalysts from density functional calculations: three general rules for efficient CO oxidation
Authors: Li Qianyu , Zhou Junhui , Li Didi , Ao Zhimin
Published: March 2022

M/UiO-66 is a stable and highly active catalyst for CO oxidation. Three general rules for efficient CO oxidation were proposed.
Investigation of structural and optical properties of MAPbBr3monocrystals under fast electron irradiation
Authors: Ishteev Arthur , Konstantinova Kamilla , Ermolaev Georgy , Kiselev Dmitry , Muratov Dmitry S. , Voronova Marina , Ilina Tatiana , Lagov Peter , Uvarov Oleg , Pavlov Yuri , Letovaltseva Marta , Arsenin Aleksey , Volkov Valentyn , Didenko Sergey , Saranin Danila , Di Carlo Aldo
Published: March 2022

We investigate the changes in structural and optical properties of perovskite crystals induced by e-beam irradiation with high flux (1015electrons per cm2, energy 5 MeV) and an extremely high dose (25 MRAD). The result clearly shows that MAPbBr crystals are stable for high energy applications.
Design and short‐circuit current breaking test verification of a 72.5 kV single‐break fast vacuum circuit breaker
Authors: Guan Chen , Yao Xiaofei , Chen Xinggui , Zhang Luyang , Zhang Ran , Liu Zhiyuan , Wang Jianhua , Geng Yingsan , Ma Hui
Published: March 2022

Fast clearing of a short‐circuit fault is vital to increase the transmission capacity of power grid transmission lines and improve the transient stability of a power system. A fast vacuum circuit breaker (FVCB) is a good candidate to realize quick elimination of a short‐circuit fault. The original contribution of this paper is to present the design of a 72.5 kV single‐break FVCB and its verification of short‐circuit breaking performance. A specially designed 72.5 kV vacuum interrupter, with floating shields and reduced mass of moving components, was developed. An electromagnetic repulsion actuator was used to provide a high initial opening speed, V1, of 5 m/s over half of the full‐contact gap and a relatively low average opening speed, V2, of 1.59 m/s in the full contact gap of 30 mm. The high‐designed V1 and low‐designed V2 were achieved with the aid of a deliberately designed oil buffer. The opening and closing time of the designed 72.5 kV FVCB was 1.2 ± 0.04 ms and 18 ± 0.20 ms respectively. The terminal fault test duty of T100s(b), carried out on the 72.5 kV FVCB, demonstrated both the 40 kArms and 80 kArms short‐circuit current breaking performance. The short‐circuit current breaking arcing time windows of FVCB, including the minimum arcing time, the maximum arcing time, and the middle arcing time, was verified to fulfill the requirement of the international standard, IEC 62271‐100 2017, and the Chinese standard, GB/T 1984–2014, both for the 40 kArms and 80 kArms switching cases, respectively. Further development of the 72.5 kV single‐break FVCB would benefit the development of ultra‐ or extra‐high voltage FVCBs by reducing essential numbers of series‐connected breaking units.
Graph attention network for Car‐Following Model under game between desired and real state
Authors: Xing Han , Liu Yi
Published: March 2022

The Car‐following model plays a major role in the study of traffic flow theories and traffic simulation. Car‐following behaviours can be regarded as a game process between the desired driving state and the real traffic state. By defining the expected car‐following state, this paper expresses the game process with a graph attention neural network, and developed the GATCF car‐following model. Different from other models that apply time series information as input, GATCF only needs instantaneous information as feature input. Two simulation cases, trajectory sequence prediction and multi‐vehicle simulation, are performed with the I‐80 data in the NGSIM project. Compared with other car‐following models such as Gipps model, Optimal Velocity model, and Intelligent Driver model, the GATCF model developed in this paper shows higher accuracy and stability.
Withdraw article: A Survey on Network Intrusion Detection using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Kaissar Antanios , Nassif Ali Bou , Injadat MohammadNoor
Published: March 2022

The above-mentioned article has been accidentally published twice in the same volume. The Publisher and the Editors have therefore decided to remove one of the articles on March 21, 2022.
Solving Intuitionistic Fuzzy Transport Equations by Intuitionistic Fuzzy Laplace Transforms
Authors: Belhallaj Zineb , Melliani Said , Elomari M’hamed , Chadli Lalla Saadia
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we use an intuitionistic fuzzy Laplace transforms for solving intuitionistic fuzzy hyperbolic equations precisely the transport equation with intuitionistic fuzzy data under strongly generalized H-differentiability concept. For this purpose, the intuitionistic fuzzy transport equation is converted to the intuitionistic fuzzy boundary value problem (IFBVP) based on the intuitionistic fuzzy laplace transform. The related theorems and properties are proved in detail. Finally, we solve an example to illustrate this method.