bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumo sustentável & economia solidária: alguns conceitos e contribuições da Psicologia
Authors: Kanan Lilia Aparecida
Published: January 2012

O artigo sistematiza brevemente os consumos alienante, solidário e sustentável e dá visibilidade à proposta renovadora das relações econômicas estabelecidas na sociedade, representada pelos empreendimentos da economia solidária. Por meio do entendimento de alguns autores e pesquisadores verifica-se que as contribuições da Psicologia dadas ao tema assentam-se na problematização das práticas de consumo e suas significativas diferenças entre classes sociais, no questionamento dos novos modelos de economia e de organizações de trabalho sob a ótica das relações que entre eles se processam e na emergência de intervenções que contribuam para tornar autônomos os sujeitos que protagonizam essas novas propostas.
Influence of different bonding agents on marginal sealing quality of amalgam restorations
Authors: Jakovljevic Ankica , Pesic Dragana , Popovic Milica , Melih Irena
Published: January 2012

Introduction. Although advanced adhesive systems are in use, marginal
microleakage is one of the greatest problems of contemporary restorative
dentistry. Objective. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the
influence of different bonding agents on the marginal sealing quality of
class II amalgam restorations. Methods. Forty freshly extracted human
premolar and molar teeth were divided into four groups with 10 teeth in each
one. Class II preparations were prepared and different adhesives were applied
as follows: group I - Amalgam Liner? (Voco); group II - ONE-STEP? PLUS
(Bisco); group III - PQ 1 (Ultradent). Group IV was used as a control,
without any bonding agent. Amalgam (Cavex Non Gamma 2, Cavex) was
hand-condensed into each preparation. Specimens were thermocycled 200 times
at the following temperatures: 5-7?C, 37?C and 57-59?C, and were then
immersed into 1% solution of gentian violet for 72 hours. The teeth were
sectioned longitudinally and microleakage was graded in the area of the
gingival and occlusal quantity rim using a binocular magnifying glass with 25
times magnification. Results. The highest microleakage was recorded in the
Amalgam Liner group; 1526.0 ?m at the gingival wall and 694.5 ?m at the
occlusal cavity wall. The lowest dye penetration was observed in the PQ1
group; 589.5 ?m at the gingival wall, and 599.9 ?m at the occlusal wall of
the restoration. ANOVA test showed that there was a statistically significant
difference of dye penetration values at the gingival wall among all
examination groups (p<0.01). No statistically significant differences were
found comparing microleakage values at the occlusal wall. Conclusion. Results
of this study showed that the best marginal sealing was accomplished by using
the PQ1 bonding agent.
Allergic complications of L-asparaginase therapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Konstantinidis Nada , Kolarovic Jovanka , Kacanski Natasa , Vijatov-Djuric Gordana , Konstantinidis Georgios
Published: January 2012

Introduction. L-asparaginase (L-ASP) is one of the most effective medications
for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in children, and
allergic reactions to the therapy are considered the most significant side
effects. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and
type of allergic reactions, as well as to identify potential risk factors for
the development of allergic reactions during L-ASP therapy in children with
ALL. Methods. The study encompassed 70 patients under 18 years of age, who
were treated at the Institute for Child and Youth Healthcare of Vojvodina,
Novi Sad in the period January 2000 - June 2009. We analyzed the frequency
and type of allergic reactions during the administration of L-ASP, the onset
of allergic reaction in relation to the phase of therapy of underlying
disease, as well as the prevalence of allergic reactions in relation to drug
administration method. Results. Allergic reaction manifested in 17 patients
(24%). In 14 patients (82%) allergic reaction to L-ASP manifested as
urticaria, bronchospasm or anaphylaxis, whereas a mild local reaction was
observed in only three patients (18%). In a group treated, according to the
high-risk protocol, the prevalence of allergic reactions was statistically
significantly higher in the intermediate-risk group of patients (p<0.01),
i.e. statistically significantly more frequent, as compared to the
standard-risk group of patients (p<0.05). The majority of patients (11; 65%)
developed allergic reactions to the 9th dose of L-ASP, i.e. the first dose
during the reinduction phase. The time interval between the last L-ASP dose
in the induction phase and the 1st dose in the reinduction phase was at least
four weeks. With respect to administration method, the majority of patients
(16; 94%) developed allergic reaction after intravenous application of L-ASP.
Conclusion. Potential risk factors for the development of allergic reaction
to L-ASP are a high-risk therapy group, intravenous administration route and
repeated application of the drug after at least four-week cessation period.
Prognostic significance of new biological markers in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Lekovic Danijela , Mihaljevic Biljana , Kraguljac-Kurtovic Nada , Perunicic-Jovanovic Maja , Bogdanovic Andrija , Colovic Milica , Gotic Mirjana
Published: January 2012

Introduction. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is a disease with heterogeneous
clinical course and outcome. Some patients have a progressive course of the
disease and require therapy immediately after the diagnosis, while others
have a stable form without the need for treatment. Recently, two new
biological markers, the expression of CD38 antigen and ZAP-70 have shown
independent significance in the prognosis in CLL patients. Objective. The aim
of our study was to evaluate the clinical value of CD38 antigen and ZAP-70
expression as predictors of the disease progression and to analyze the
correlation of these markers with other B-CLL prognostic markers. Methods. We
assessed the expression of CD38 antigens by flow cytometry on peripheral
blood samples and the expression of ZAP-70 by immunohistochemistry on
formalin-fixed bone marrow (BM) biopsies in 40 newly diagnosed B-CLL
patients. Disease progression was defined by the period elapsed from
diagnosis to the time to first treatment (TFT). Results. Expression of CD38
antigen correlated positively with ZAP-70 expression (Pearson, r=0.476;
p=0.002). Also, correlation analysis results showed that a positive
expression of CD38 and ZAP-70 statistically significantly correlated with
unfavourable classical prognostic parameters, such as advanced Binet stage C,
diffuse BM infiltration, increased lactate-dehydrogenase and beta-2
microglobulin serum levels. Patients with positive expression of CD38 antigen
and ZAP-70 had a shorter TFT (log rank, 0.003 vs. 0.049). Conclusion. Both
new biological markers were shown to have an exceptional significance in the
prediction of prognosis in CLL patients.
Characteristics of neuromuscular block after administration of rocuronium bromide in patients with end-stage renal failure
Authors: Kalezic Nevena , Krivic Biljana , Zivaljevic Vladan , Ugrinovic Djordje , Jovanovic Dijana , Markovic Dejan , Velickovic Jelena , Ladjevic Nebojsa
Published: January 2012

Introduction. Anaesthesia affects kidney function by reducing the renal blood
flow and glomerular filtration rate. As chronic renal failure (CRF)
significantly influences drug metabolism and elimination, we studied the
effects of rocuronium bromide (RB) in patients with CRF. Objective. The aim
of the study was to examine whether, when using RB in patients with CFR,
there are differences regarding the onset time of neuromuscular block (NMB)
development, duration time, speed of recovery and cumulative effects of RB.
Methods. Prospective study included 60 patients who underwent urologic
surgery procedures. The patients were divided into 3 groups: the first group
(G1) - 20 patients with CRF and residual dieresis, the second group (G2) - 20
patients with CRF and without dieresis, and third group (G3) - 20 patients
with normal renal function (control group). During surgery RB was
administrated for muscle paralysis in all patients. Train-of-four (TOF) Guard
acceleromyography was used for NMB monitoring. Results. Onset time in three
groups was 132.3 s; 139.5 s and 113.2 s (r<0.01). Duration of intubation dose
was the same in G1 and G2 (28.9 minutes), while in the third group it was
27.2 minutes (r>0.05). The number of RB repeated doses was 3-8, 3-7 and 4-8
(r>0.05). The duration time until spontaneous recovery was 31.8, 31.6 and
29.8 minutes (r>0.01). The recovery index was 16.8, 16.7 and 10.6 minutes
(r<0.001). The duration time from the last dose of RB to extubation was 74.5,
74.8 and 58.9 minutes (r<0.001). Conclusion. In patients with CRF the
cumulative effect of the drug was registered, with a prolonged recovery time
from NMB in relation to the patients with normal renal function.
Prospective clinical study of once monthly ibandronate in the treatment of osteoporosis and prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women: Orpheum study
Authors: Bumbasirevic Marko , Lesic Aleksandar , Denic-Markovic Ljiljana , Zivkovic Kristina , ORPHEUM Studijska
Published: January 2012

Introduction. Osteoporosis is a serious problem, since about 50% of women
over the age of 50 suffer at least one osteoporotic fracture. Objective. The
aim of this study was to evaluate compliance as well as the efficiency and
safety of ibandronate treatment over a 6-month period in reducing the risk of
subsequent fracture in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods. A
multicenter, prospective, observational study was conducted during one year
in thirteen medical centres in Serbia. In the first part of the study the
participants received ibandronate tablets (150 mg) once a month for six
months. In the second part, the patients were under clinical follow-up.
Results. The mean age of the 184 menopausal women included in the study was
66.2?9.4 years. In 40.2% of the subjects the disease had been clinically
manifest during the five preceding years. The mean T-score value at the onset
of our investigation was -3.1?0.84 in 160 (87%) patients who were diagnosed
osteoporosis. Compression vertebral fractures alone were noted in 24% of the
women, spontaneous nonvertebral fractures in 49.4% and both in 4.9%. A
history of osteoporotic fractures was much more common in patients with three
or four risk factors (p=0.001). Out of 39 adverse events during therapy with
once monthly bisphosphonates only 2 (3.3%) were classified as severe. During
the treatment, spontaneous fractures occurred in 13 (7.1%) patients.
Conclusion. Ibadronate treatment once a month for 6 months was shown to be
very safe, tolerated well and without more serious side effects.
An unusual case of ascariasis of the appendix
Authors: Sforza Marcos , Andjelkov Katarina , Zaccheddu Renato , Ivanov Dejan , Krstic Slobodan , Paganelli Arnaldo
Published: January 2012

Introduction. Amongst various causes responsible for the obstruction of
digestive tract, intestinal ascariasis is certainly one of the least
frequent. Case Outline. We report an extremely rare case of a 5-year-old male
patient operated on for appendicitis due to adult Ascaris Lumbricoides worms
intraoperatively detected in the appendiceal lumen. Conclusion. On
examination patient?s clinical features indicated acute appendicitis.
Therefore, the treatment-of-choice could only be surgical. Classic
appendectomy was performed and the postoperative course was uneventful, with
full recovery.
Pancreatic tail pseudocyst of type II treated with resection of the tail of the pancreas and splenectomy
Authors: Colovic Radoje , Kaitovic Marko , Latincic Stojan
Published: January 2012

Introduction. Pancreatic pseudocysts of type II are postnecrotic cysts that
appear during an acute-on-chronic pancreatitis. In case that surgical
treatment is necessary, as a rule it is performed using internal drainage
operations. Pancreatic resections are rarely indicated. Case Outline. The
authors present a 34 year-old man with a long-lasting history of moderate
alcohol consumption in whom an episode of drinking caused an acute-on-chronic
pancreatitis so that a 7 cm in diameter cyst was developed inside the tail of
the pancreas causing left subcostal pain, mild pleural effusion and pain in
the left shoulder. At operation almost entirely inside the tail of the
pancreas a cyst of type II unsuitable for internal drainage operation was
found so that a spared resection of the tail of the pancreas and splenectomy
were carried out. The post-operative recovery was prolonged due to recurrent
left pleural effusion requiring punctions, mild suppurative secretion from
the splenic fossa and transient postsplenectomy thrombocytosis. Six months
after surgery the patient is in good condition and with normal findings.
Conclusion. Although rare, pancreatic cysts of type II may be unsuitable for
internal drainage operations so that resection of the effected part of the
pancreas could be a much better solution than external drainage.
Application of a hormonal intrauterine device causing uterine perforation: A case report
Authors: Berisavac Milica , Sparic Radmila , Argirovic Rajka , Hudelist Gernot , Zizic Vojislav
Published: January 2012

Introduction. The last decade of the usage of intrauterine contraception has
been marked by the application of levonorgestrel-releasing hormonal devices.
A hormonal intrauterine device (IUD) releases a certain amount of
progestogen, whose effect on endometrium is such that, apart from preventing
unwanted pregnancy, also regulates the menstrual bleeding by reducing the
quantity and the duration of haemorrhage. This effect of hormonal IUDs has
led to their additional indications and use, so that nowadays these IUDs are
used not only as contraceptives but for therapeutic purposes as well. Case
Outline. After examination and treatment in an out-patient department, a
38-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to suspected spontaneous
uterine perforation caused by hormonal IUD (Mirena?) one month after its
application. Clinical and sonographic examinations were unable to determine
the uterine perforation or the exact IUD location. Radiographic examination
confirmed the presence of the IUD in the abdomen, so it was decided to
operate on the patient. Perforation in the isthmus of the uterus and to the
right was identified intraoperatively. By exploration of the genital organs
and the abdominal cavity, the IUD was finally located in the omentum.
Conclusion. Even in cases of adequate indications for hormonal IUD
application, the doctor?s experience and complying with all the principles of
appropriate insertion, we should always consider the possibility of the
occurrence of serious complications, which sometimes may even require
surgery. The extragenital position of IUD, as in this case, may create
serious difficulties in the detection of location. A possible development of
asymptomatic complications additionally emphasizes the necessity of regular
check-ups of all IUD users.
Fatal exsanguination due to ruptured vericose vein of the lower leg: Case report
Authors: Nikolic Slobodan , Zivkovic Vladimir
Published: January 2012

Introduction. Lethal exanguination due to haemorrhage from ruptured
peripheral varicose veins of the lower leg usually in the elderly are
exceptionally rare in clinical, and particularly in forensic medicine. In
persons with varicosities there are two types of lower leg ulcers (acute
perforated and chronic) that can be associated with spontaneous bleeding.
Ulcer exanguination can occur spontaneously or after a minor injury. Injuries
in the ulcer region are rarer. Case Outline. We present a case of fatal
exsanguination due to a ruptured varicose vein in a 77-year-old woman. The
body was found on the porch floor, beside a sink, lying on the back, with
bent knees, so that the lower legs were almost in the standing position, with
the feet in a pool of blood. The entire interior of the house floor was
covered with various bloodstains; blood-drops in form of spilling and
spattering, foot-prints, as well as larger pools of blood. Death was
attributed to massive external haemorrhage due to the acute perforated ulcer
of the right lower leg with the rupture of the varicose vein wall surface
along the entire depth. Conclusion. Although death due to haemorrhage from
ruptured peripheral varicose veins is an uncommon complication of this
disease, it should be taken into consideration by the forensic medicine
examiner. In such cases autopsy should determine both the origin of bleeding
(varicosities and venous wall damage) and other underlying conditions,
primarily ischemic cardiac disease. To resolve such cases, full cooperation
with investigators and police is necessary.
The efficacy of lamivudine in the treatment of reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in patients on immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Popovic Natasa , Stojkovic-Svirtlih Neda , Simonovic-Babic Jasmina , Boricic Ivan , Tomanovic Nada , Mitrovic Nikola , Delic Dragan
Published: January 2012

Introduction. Reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection often
occurs in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive patients undergoing
immunosuppressive or chemotherapy, but can also occur in HBsAg negative,
anti-HB core positive patients. Treatment of HBV reactivation with lamivudin
results in favourable outcome in the majority of patients. The aim of the
authors was to show the effect of lamivudin therapy to HBV reactivation
caused by immunosuppressive therapy. Outline of Cases. The first patient was
a 35-year-old woman with chronic hepatitis B virus infection who underwent
prednisolone therapy for pulmonal sarcoidosis. Four months after the
beginning of the therapy she presented with jaundice and a significant
increase in serum aminotransferase level. Liver biopsy showed chronic viral B
hepatitis of strong activity in the stage of rapidly developed cirrhosis. The
patient was treated with lamivudine with slow reduction of prednisolone
doses, which resulted in full clinical and biochemical recovery. The second
patient was a 40-year-old HBsAg negative female with a previous history of
resolved acute B hepatitis who received chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin
lymphoma. After the third cycle of chemotherapy a significant increase in
aminotransferase level occurred, chemotherapy was discontinued, but
aminotransferase level still increased. At that moment she was found to be
HBsAg positive, and PCR analysis detected a high viral load. Lamivudine
treatment resulted in the patient?s recovery and allowed further
chemotherapy. Conclusion. In case of the reactivation of chronic HBV
infection during immunosuppressive therapy, it should be stopped and
antiviral therapy should be immediately initiated. The use of lamivudine
results in rapid suppression of serum HBV DNA, improves the outcome and
enables the continuation of immunosuppressive and chemotherapy.
Social cognition in schizophrenia
Authors: Totic-Poznanovic Sanja , Pavlovic Dragan , Djordjevic Jelena , Pavlovic Aleksandra , Marinkovic Dragan
Published: January 2012

Patients with schizophrenia display alterations in social cognition, as well
as in the realm of neurocognition. It is still unclear to what extent these
two cognitive domains represent two separate dimensions or different
expressions of a unified deficit. Tasks used to assess social cognition
subcomponents cover basic social cognition, such as mentalisation, data
collection and making conclusions, source monitoring and characteristics of
life-styles. The variety of findings of various studies is probably related
to the fact that most studies considered social cognition as one-dimensional
construct represented, for example, by unique measurements of emotional
recognition. Research results dealing with social cognition suggest that the
impairment of social cognition is the characteristic feature of schizophrenia
and have important implications for the development, course and outcome of
this disorder.
The Effect of the Strictness of Consultation Requirements on Fraud Consultation
Authors: Gold Anna , Knechel W. Robert , Wallage Philip
Published: January 2012

We investigate how the strictness of a requirement to consult on potential client fraud affects auditors' propensity to consult with firm experts. We consider two specific forms of guidance about fraud consultations: (1) strict, i.e., mandatory and binding; and (2) lenient, i.e., advisory and non-binding. We predict that a strict consultation requirement will lead to greater propensity to consult, particularly under certain client- and engagement-related conditions. Results from two experiments with 163 Dutch audit managers and partners demonstrate that consultation propensity is higher under a strict consultation requirement, but only when underlying fraud risk is high. The strictness effect is also greater under tight versus relaxed time pressure. Further, a strict standard increases auditors' perceived probability that a fraud indicator exists. Overall, we demonstrate that the formulation of a standard can have the desired effect on the judgments of auditors while also creating unexpected incentives that may influence auditor judgments.

Data Availability: The data used in this study are available upon request from the authors.
How Do Cross-Country Differences in Corporate Tax Rates Affect Firm Value?
Authors: Bryant-Kutcher Lisa A. , Guenther David A. , Jackson Mark
Published: January 2012

We examine how differences in corporate tax rates across countries affect firm value for U.S. multinationals. Although competition for tax benefits may increase non-tax costs, in an international setting, transaction costs and other frictions may prevent tax differences from being completely competed away. We find that firm value, as measured by Tobin's q, is negatively related to foreign effective tax rates. This result is robust to the presence of growth and risk proxies and other control variables in the model. Our results provide empirical evidence that (1) differences in corporate tax rates are not completely offset by non-tax costs, and (2) the differences in tax costs are reflected in higher firm value for the low tax rate firms.
A Cross-Cultural Study of the Influence of Country of Origin, Justice, Power Distance, and Gender on Ethical Decision Making
Authors: Curtis Mary B. , Conover Teresa L. , Chui Lawrence C.
Published: January 2012

This study examines the impact of national culture on ethical decision making. We theorize and test a mediation model where country of origin influences perceptions of justice and power distance, which in turn influence behavioral intentions in regard to ethical dilemmas.

Our sample includes accounting students from four countries: China, Japan, Mexico, and the U.S. We find that country of origin, justice perceptions, power distance perception, and gender are all related to ethical decision making. We investigate these relationships with two different ethical scenarios, and find that these relationships differ between the two contexts. Additionally, power distance and justice partially mediate the relationship between country of origin and ethical decision making. We find that gender is significantly related to ethical decision making in one of the two scenarios, and explore gender differences in all of the measured constructs across countries.

Finally, we contrast the various measures of justice, power distance, and agreement with behavioral intentions in the two ethical scenarios between countries. We find that the two eastern countries (China and Japan) and the two western countries (U.S. and Mexico) demonstrate expected East-West patterns in power distance. However, this East-versus-West pattern is not supported when considering between-country differences in justice, agreement with the layoff decision, and agreement with whistleblowing.
The Cross-Country Comparability of IFRS Earnings and Book Values: Evidence from France and Germany
Authors: Liao Qing , Sellhorn Thorsten , Skaife Hollis A.
Published: January 2012

Beginning in 2005, the EU began requiring consolidated financial reports of publicly traded firms to be prepared in accordance with EU-endorsed International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in an effort to increase the comparability of financial information across EU Member States. While some expect IFRS reporting to increase the comparability of financial information across the EU, others argue that comparability is unlikely because IFRS implementation will vary conditional on national institutions and culture. We investigate the cross-country comparability of IFRS earnings and book values of French and German firms because these two EU states have well-developed equity markets and use the same currency, while having social-economic and cultural differences that can affect managers' IFRS implementation choices. Our results indicate that French and German IFRS earnings and book values are comparable in the year subsequent to IFRS adoption, but become less comparable in the years that follow. We document differences in accounting estimates, recognition of special items, and other equity reserves between French and German firms that help explain the decrease in comparability over time. Our study adds to the growing literature on the financial statement effects of mandatory IFRS reporting, and points to possible reasons for a sustained lack of cross-country comparability of financial information under a common accounting regime.

JEL Classifications: G12, G14, G38, K22, M41, M42, M48
Voluntary IFRS Adoption, Analyst Coverage, and Information Quality: International Evidence
Authors: Kim Jeong-Bon , Shi Haina
Published: January 2012

This study investigates whether and how a firm's voluntary adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) affects financial analysts' decisions to follow the firm, and improves the information environment, as reflected in the precision of the analysts' information set. First, this study finds that firms with voluntary IFRS adoptions attract more analysts than non-adopter firms. Second, it finds that the added disclosure via IFRS adoption contributes to the better precision of the analyst information set. Third, this study finds that the improved precision of total analyst information is attributed to not only an increase in the precision of public information common to all analysts, but also an increase in the precision of private information that is idiosyncratic to a particular analyst. This finding suggests a complementary relation with respect to the effect of IFRS adoption on the quality of public and private information. Finally, further analysis reveals that analyst coverage also improves the precision of information. Specifically, this study provides evidence suggesting that voluntary IFRS adoption is associated with more precise public (common) information, while analyst coverage is associated with more precise private (idiosyncratic) information.
Adrenal Cytomegaly is a Frequent Pathologic Finding in Hemoglobin Bart Hydrops Fetalis
Authors: Taweevisit Mana , Shuangshoti Shanop , Thorner Paul S.
Published: January 2012

Adrenocortical cytomegaly (AC) is a relatively uncommon phenomenon but tends to occur in certain situations, including specific congenital anomalies and hydrops due to maternal-fetal Rhesus incompatibility. Because the pathology in the latter condition does not differ greatly from hemoglobin (Hb) Bart hydrops fetalis, we performed a retrospective review of fetal and perinatal autopsy cases with Hb Bart to determine the prevalence of AC in that condition. Over a 10-year period (2001–2010) at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, there were 16 hydropic cases confirmed to have Hb Bart. Adrenocortical cytomegaly was found in 13 cases (81%). For comparison, we determined the occurrence of AC in cases of hydrops fetalis not due to Hb Bart ( n = 33) and a heterogeneous group of congenital anomalies ( n = 34). Adrenocortical cytomegaly was identified in only 1 case of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and 2 cases of anencephaly. Thus, AC is a common finding in cases of Hb Bart, a finding not previously documented. Moreover, our study suggests that Hb Bart is one of the conditions most commonly associated with AC. The reasons for this are not known. The mean Hb levels for the hydrops cases with Hb Bart and those with other forms of anemia showed no significant difference ( P = 0.63), nor was there any significant difference in Hb levels between cases of Hb Bart with and without AC. Nonetheless, the consistency of AC in cases of Hb Bart suggests that further study of this particular group of patients might shed light on the pathogenesis of this poorly understood pathologic finding.
Metabolic and respiratory derangements associated with death in cold-stunned Kemp's ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii): 32 cases (2005–2009)
Authors: Keller Krista A. , Innis Charles J. , Tlusty Michael F. , Kennedy Adam E. , Bean Sarah B. , Cavin Julie M. , Merigo Constance
Published: January 2012

Objective—To assess selected clinicopathologic variables at hospital admission (day 1) for cold-stunned Kemp's ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) that died during the first 3 days after admission (nonsurvivors) and turtles that survived (survivors) and to determine the percentage change of each variable from day 1 to day of death (nonsurvivors) or to day 2 or 3 of hospitalization (survivors).

Design—Retrospective case-control study.

Animals—64 stranded, cold-stunned Kemp's ridley turtles hospitalized from October 2005 through December 2009.

Procedures—Blood gas, pH, Hct, and selected biochemical values in blood samples determined on day 1 and day of death (nonsurvivors; n = 32) or day 2 or 3 of hospitalization (survivors; 32) were obtained from medical records. For each variable, initial values and percentage changes (from initial values to values at the day of death or day 2 or 3 of hospitalization) were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors.

Results—Compared with blood analysis findings for survivors, nonsurvivors initially had significantly higher potassium concentration and Pco2 and significantly lower Po2, pH, and bicarbonate concentration than did survivors. For the first 2 or 3 days of hospitalization, percentage changes in potassium, lactate, and ionized calcium concentrations were significantly higher and percentage changes in pH and plasma glucose and bicarbonate concentrations were significantly lower in nonsurvivors.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—At hospital admission, cold-stunned Kemp's ridley turtles were affected by metabolic and respiratory derangements; severe derangements were associated with death. Evaluation of blood gas, pH, Hct, and selected clinicopathologic variables provided useful clinical and prognostic information during rehabilitation of cold-stunned Kemp's ridley turtles.
Organic Chemistry à la Genevoise
Authors: Mazet Clément , Zumbuehl Andreas , Jeannerat Damien , Mareda Jiri , Alexakis Alexandre , Kündig E. Peter , Lacour Jérôme , Matile Stefan
Published: January 2012

This article describes the situation of Department of Organic Chemistry in the year of the 450th anniversary of the University of Geneva.
Inorganic, Analytical and Applied Chemistry
Authors: Williams Alan F.
Published: January 2012

The recent history and the current activities in the fields of inorganic, analytical and applied chemistry are described briefly.
Marignac and Jørgensen: Two Forgotten Inorganic Explorers
Authors: Williams Alan F.
Published: January 2012

The lives and contributions of Jean-Charles Galissard de Marignac (1817–1894) and Christian Klixbüll Jørgensen (1931–2001) are reviewed briefly.
From Carbenes to Peroxidic Antimalarial Drugs. Highlights from the Scientific Work of Charles William Jefford
Authors: Burger Ulrich
Published: January 2012

A concise biography of C. W. Jefford, Professor of Chemistry in Geneva from 1969 to 1994, is given. A personal tribute by the author is paid to Jefford ' s fundamental work in the field of singlet oxygen, endo-peroxides, and 1,2,4-trioxanes as remedies against malaria.
Work Hard, Play Hard – A Work Ethic Forged in the Group Oppolzer
Authors: Spivey Alan C.
Published: January 2012

The author gives an account of his work as post-doc at the University of Geneva in the group of W. Oppolzer, putting emphasis on scientific rigour and ingenuity.
Enantioselective Chromatography: From its Emergence to its Successful Implementation in the Pharmaceutical Environment
Authors: Francotte Eric
Published: January 2012

The author describes the emergence and development of enantioselective chromatography as a powerful tool for the separation of stereoisomers, on analytical, preparative, and production scale. He summarizes his early contribution to the advance and propagation of this particular technology
at the interface between chemistry, separation sciences, and physics, going back to his growing interest in chirality which was stimulated by a postdoctoral stay at the University of Geneva.
Alumni Profiles
Authors: Nitschke Jonathan R. , Quattropani Anna , Corminboeuf Clémence , Velonia Kelly , Wilkinsoe Kevin J. , Kubel Frank
Published: January 2012

Former PhD students, post-docs and junior researchers of the Section de chimie et biochimie now holding positions at different universities and private companies remember the time they spent in Geneva and give an account of how this has set off and influenced their careers.
Advancing Membrane Electrodes and Optical Ion Sensors
Authors: Bakker Eric , Crespo Gastón , Grygolowicz-Pawlak Ewa , Mistlberger Günter , Pawlak Marcin , Xie Xiaojiang
Published: January 2012

While potentiometric sensors experienced a golden age in the 1970s that drove innovation and implementation in the clinical laboratory as sensors of choice, it has been only fairly recently that a theoretical understanding coupled with modern materials approaches transformed the area
of membrane electrodes from a playful, yet empirical field to one firmly rooted in scientific understanding. This paper summarizes key progress in the field during the past two decades, emphasizing that the key impulses at the time originated from the emerging field of optical ion sensors.
This simplified and transformed the underlying theory of their potentiometric membrane electrode counterparts, where subsequently substantial progress was made, including the realization of ultra-trace detection limits. The better understanding of zero-current ion fluxes and transport processes
in turn allowed the development of approaches utilizing dynamic electrochemistry principles, thereby drastically expanding the field of membrane electrodes and making available a range of new methodologies that would have been difficult to predict only a few years ago. These significant developments
are now starting to come back and influence the field of optical sensors, where the control and triggering of dynamic processes, away from simpler equilibrium principles, are becoming a highly promising field of research.
Organic Synthesis without Stoichiometric Reagents: A Guiding Principle for Reaction Development
Authors: Bode Jeffrey W.
Published: January 2012

A common theme of our research program is the development of new organic transformations that operate under catalytic conditions or as ligation reactions that do not require the addition of any reagents or other additives. Our catalysis program features the transient generation of reactive
species from alpha-functionalized aldehydes via intramolecular redox reactions using N-heterocyclic carbenes as multifunctional catalysts. This approach makes possible the catalytic generation of enolates, homoenolates, and activated carboxylates and their application to diastereo-
and enantioselective transformation. Intermolecular redox couplings are key to a general, highly chemoselective amide-forming ligation reaction and its use for oligopeptide synthesis. The concepts behind these transformation and examples of their use as well as current and future directions
of our research program are presented.
Access to Macrocycles with an endo Aryl Ether and an endo Aryl-Aryl Bond, Development and Application
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping
Published: January 2012

Macrocyclization methodologies allowing access to macrocycles having an endo aryl ether and an endo aryl–aryl bond, especially those based on an intramolecular SNAr reaction and the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, are summarized. Total synthesis of complestatin,
a bis-macrocyclic natural product, featuring these two technologies are presented.
Performances of Three Cotton Varieties Cultivated under Economic Threshold Level Based Insecticide Sprayed and Non-Sprayed Conditions
Authors: Azad H.M.S. , Amin M.R. , Tithi D.A. , Hossain S.M.A.
Published: January 2012

Cotton growers of Bangladesh usually cultivate eleven varieties of cotton and abruptly use chemical insecticides for controlling pests. In this study we evaluated the performances of three extensively cultivated varieties (CB9, CB10 and SR05) under economic threshold level (ETL) based insecticide sprayed and non-sprayed conditions. Results showed that number of bolls per plant and yield of the varieties differ significantly and there was found significant difference between the experimental conditions. Our study showed that the variety SR05 produced significantly higher number of bolls (40.5±6.6 /plant) and yield (2498.3±18.9 kg/ha) compared to CB9 and CB10, whereas CB9 produced higher number of seed (36.9±3.7/boll) and seed index (83.4±0.9 g/100 seed) under ETL based insecticide sprayed condition. The ginning out tern (GOT%) and seed germination percentage of the studied varieties did not differ to a significant level. Overall fitness of the varieties indicated that SR05 possesses comparatively better performances for commercial production of cotton in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v9i1.5728
Does Canopy Height Determine the Pollen Viability and Stigma Receptivity? A Cross-population Observation on Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.
Authors: Bhattacharya A.
Published: January 2012

Pollen viability and stigma receptivity are prerequisite for successful pollination and fruit and/or seed set in flowering plants. The present paper deals with dependence of tree canopy height on pollen viability and stigma receptivity of Shorea robusta in a cultivated mature Dipterocarp forest. Pollen and stigma samples were collected from different canopy height and brought to the laboratory for direct assay. Pollen viability were studied following different stain tests using malachite green, acid fuchsin and TTC respectively and also using in vitro pollen germination in a nutrient medium consisting of sucrose and different salts of boron, calcium, magnesium and potassium. Stigma receptivity was studied by softening the tissues using sodium hydroxide and stained with water soluble aniline blue. The frequency of pollen viability increased steadily from low to high canopy height. The percentage of viable pollen was different for three different assays showing similar trend of increase. The middle and high canopy height did not show much variation in pollen viability compared to low canopies. The percentage of stigma receptivity increased steadily from low to high canopy height showing minor differences between them compared to pollen viability. So the tree canopy height may attain a vital role in determining pollen viability and stigma receptivity, the major factors for new offspring production in natural/cultivated forest settings.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v9i1.5732
Distribution and Encounter Rates of Large Herbivores in Chang Chenmo and Daulat Beg Oldi, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Shawl T. , Takpa J. , Luddin Hila , Namgail T.
Published: January 2012

The Ladakh region of the Indian Trans-Himalaya supports twelve large herbivores, including eight mountain ungulates. Many of the species like the Tibetan antelope are highly endangered with rapidly declining populations. Yet there is little information on their status and distributions, especially in remote, inaccessible areas. We report on the status and distribution of five large herbivores in the Chang Chenmo and the Daulat Beg Oldi (DBO) areas of Ladakh, which remain the least known areas in Ladakh in terms of wildlife populations because they are very remote and politically highly sensitive. During the surveys, we observed 246 Tibetan antelopes and 40 blue sheep in DBO. In Chang Chenmo we observed 40 Tibetan antelopes, 2 wild yaks, 42 Tibetan argalis, 67 Tibetan wild asses and 30 blue sheep. In DBO, the encounter rate was higher for the Tibetan antelope (mean = 2.54, SE = 0.63) than the blue sheep (mean = 0.29, SE = 0.19). In Chang Chenmo the highest encounter rate was for the Tibetan wild ass (mean = 0.48, SE = 0.26), whereas the wild yak had the lowest (mean = 0.02, SE = 0.01). Since Chang Cehnmo and DBO are important areas for rare species in India, and are located right at the border with China, there is an urgent need for international collaboration to protect these threatened animals.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v9i1.5734
Potential and Economic Viability of Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879) Polyculture with Indian Major Carps in Northwestern Bangladesh
Authors: Jasmine S. , Molina M. , Hossain M.Y. , Jewel M.A.S. , Ahamed F. , Fulanda B.
Published: January 2012

This study was conducted to assess the aquaculture potential of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879) with the Indian major carps (Catla, Catla catla; Rui, Labeo rohita and Mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala) and silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in northwestern Bangladesh. Further, the effect of the culture system on overall production and economic feasibility was evaluated. A 3×2 (treatment×replicate) experimental setup was conducted using six earthen ponds measuring 100 m2 each for a culture period of six months from September, 2007 to February, 2008. The treatments were as follows: T1 was stocked with only carps (catla, rohu, mrigal and silver) at the 3000 (catla), 2000 (ruhu), 3000 (mrigal) and 2000 (silver) ha-1; T2 and T3 were stocked with catla and silver carp were 3000 and 2000 ha-1, respectively; and additionally M. rosenbergii (juvenile) was stocked at 15000 and 20000 ha-1 in T2 and T3, respectively. All the ponds were subjected to the same fertilization treatment. Fish were fed twice per day at a rate of 5-12% of the prawn and fish body weight. The net weight gain of catla and silver carp were 69.08±11.63 and 108.67±15.00 g in T1, 61.76±12.58 and 98.80±17.05 g in T2, while 58.11±12.51 and 93.09±14.84 g in T3, respectively. The mean individual weight of harvested prawn was significantly higher in T2 (14.61±02.06 g) than T3 (14.04±01.83 g) (P<0.05). Also the survival rate of prawn was higher in T2 (74.15%) than T3 (69.25%) (P<0.05). The net production of prawn was higher in T3 (1141.28±46.35 kg ha-1) than T2 (964.54±25.53 kg ha-1), but the specific growth rate was significantly higher in T2 (2.07%) than T3 (1.99%) (P<0.05). Higher profit was obtained in T3 (35682.18 Tk ha-1) than T1 (8537.53 Tk ha-1) and T2 (30801.56 Tk ha-1); however, cost-benefit ratio (CBR) was significantly higher in T2 (3.19) where stocking densities of prawn was 15000 ha-1 than T1 (2.92) and T3 (2.47). The results of this experiment indicate that the polyculture of the freshwater prawn with the Indian major and Chinese carp present a more profitable venture which is more economically feasible than the monoculture of the freshwater prawn.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v9i1.5735
Biomass and Net Primary Productivity in three different Aged Butea Forest Ecosystems in Western India, Rajasthan
Authors: Nirmal Kumar J.I. , Sajish P.R. , Kumar R.N. , Patel K.
Published: January 2012

The study was conducted to estimate the biomass and net primary productivity of different age grouped (5, 10 and 15-year-old) Butea monosperma forest ecosystems in western India , Rajasthan (located between 23º49′ to 25º28′N latitudes and 73º0′ to 75º49′E longitudes) from June 2007 to May 2008. The vegetation biomass, forest floor biomass, tree litter fall and net primary productivity (NPP) of trees and shrubs were estimated and it was found that the tree biomass and net primary productivity increased with increasing age of the forest stand, whereas the herb biomass and net primary productivity decreased significantly (P<0.01) with increase in the forest age. The biomass of trees increased with age from 183.7±3.21 to 298.3±3.57 t ha-1 while shrub biomass ranged from 4.9±1.61 to 6.3±1.38 t ha-1 and the herb biomass fluctuated from 1.7±1.64 to 2.1±1.81. The tree layer NPP varied from 17.2 to 29.3 t ha-1 year-1 whereas the NPP of the shrub layer was 0.88 to 1.6 t ha-1 year-1. The productivity of the herb layer fluctuated from 2.3 to 3.1 t ha-1 year-1. All values of biomass and NPP of trees, shrubs and herbs were low in 5-year-old, moderate in 10-year-old and high in 15-year-old forest stands. The total forest biomass increased from 190.7 t ha-1 in the 5-year-old to 306.3 t ha-1 15-year-old forest and net primary productivity from 21.1 t ha-1 year-1 in the 5-year-old to 33.2 t ha-1 year-1 in the 15-year-old forest.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v9i1.5736
Effect of Dedhuwa (Esomus danricus), Mara (Amblypharyngodon mola) and Pothi (Puntius sophore) on Carp Production in Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Gupta M.C. , Rai S.
Published: January 2012

In order to assess the effect of adding Dedhuwa (Esomus danricus), Mara (Amblyparyngodon mola) and Pothi (Puntius sophore) on Carp production, an experiment was carried out in farmers’ pond in Chitwan. The experiment included four treatments in triplicates: T1, (Carp: Silver carp, Hypophthalmychthys molitrix, Bighead carp, Aristichthys nobilis, Rohu, Labeo rohita and Mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala), T2 (Carp+Dedhuwa), T3 (Carp+Mara), and T4 (Carp+Pothi). Fish were fed on dough of rice bran and mustard oil cake (1:1) at the rate of 3% of body weight. Results showed that Dedhuwa, Mara and Pothi did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in terms of production. Production of Silver carp and Bighead carp was found significantly higher (P<0.05) in T3 and T4 than control indicating no niche overlapping among these fish. Based on total production and profit T4 appeared to be best.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v9i1.5741
Mammalian Diversity of Degraded Forest Habitats around Assam University Campus, Cachar, Assam, India, with Notes on Conservation Status
Authors: Mazumdar K. , Soud R. , Gupta A.
Published: January 2012

Barak valley in South Assam remains poorly investigated in terms of faunal diversity, especially mammals. This paper inventories 19 species of mammals belonging to 14 families in the degraded forests of Assam University Campus, Silchar, Assam and those maintained by the tea gardens of this area. Of these, three are in the IUCN endangered (EN) and two in vulnerable (VU) categories. The threats faced and conservation priorities are also discussed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v9i1.5742
Aquatic Plant Resources of Betana Wetland, Morang, Nepal
Authors: Niroula B. , Singh K.L.B
Published: January 2012

A total of 84 aquatic plant species belonging to 71 genera and 41 families were recorded during January 2008 to December 2009 from Betana pond. They were classified into 7 growth forms as helophytes (22), tenagophytes (24), hyperhydates (23), epihydates (2), rosulates (3), vittates (6), and pleustophytes (4). Socio-economically useful plants included: medicinal (28 sp), wild food (19 sp), feed/fodder (28 sp), handicrafts (6 sp), and thatching (5 sp).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v9i1.5745