bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Carbon Synthesis of Peat using ZnCl2 and H3PO4 for Heavy Metal Adsorption in Oilfield Produced Water
Authors: Agbozu Iwekumo E. , Wategire Omatosan P.
Published: September 2023

Oilfield Produced Water is one of the amplest wastes resulting from oil and gas operations and it’s of great industrial concern due to its quantity, concentration, and cost of treatment; thus, it needs cheaper and more available options. Peat being an option is a renewable brown deposit resembling soil, formed as a result of an accumulation of organic matter, also known to have a rich carbon content. This research work aims to comparatively synthesize peat soil with ZnCl2 and H3PO4, carbonize, characterize, and determine the efficiency of heavy metal adsorption in Oilfield Produced Water. The peat samples were collected from Warri City commonly referred to as Oil City in southern Nigeria and were impregnated with ZnCl2 (PAC-ZC); H3PO4 (PAC-HP); ZnCl2 and H3PO4 at a ratio of 1:1 (PAC-ZC+HP) and with De-ionized water as control (PAC-D). After activation, peat was carbonized at 400oC for 1 hour. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis showed all five samples have a strong silicate ion peak between 998.9 - 1028.7cm-1, the presence of Vincy C-H group at 909.5cm-1, broad shaped polar O-H bond between 369.5 – 3623.0cm-1 and an adsorption peak between 2929.7 – 2012.8cm-1 which disappeared after activation and carbonization. Scanning Electron Microscopy micrograph shows a surface enhancement after activation and carbonization. The heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn & Fe) level in the Oilfield Produced Water was analyzed before and after treatment with  Peat Activated Carbon using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Four dosages (1,2,3, and 4g) of each Peat Activated Carbon were used to treat 100ml of Oilfield Produced Water.  PAC-ZC and PAC-ZC+HP showed 100% efficiency in the removal of turbidity, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Fe. However, the overall efficiency trend of the adsorption capacity of the Peat Activated Carbon was PAC-ZC > PAC-ZC+HP > PAC-HP > PAC-D. With the experimental result, PAC-ZC and PAC-ZC+HP can be used as treatment options for Oilfield Produced Water.
Improved Uncertainty Distribution of Single Expert Data
Authors: Lv Gang , Zhu Yuanguo
Published: September 2023

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Effects of Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield Performance of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) c.v. Japanese White
Authors: Patel Kuldeep Singh , Lal Bankey , Upadhyay Ashutosh , Singh Ram Batuk , Singh Pranjal , Singh Diwakar
Published: September 2023

A Field experiment was carried out during Kharif season of 2018 at the research farm in Udai Pratap (Autonomous) College; Varanasi (U.P.), India. The site was adjoining to the Department of Horticulture of the college. The experiment consisted of Six treatments comprising of combinations of recommended doses of organic and inorganic manures (FYM, Vermicompost and poultry manures). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RBD) with six treatment combinations (T0– Control, T1 -Conventional practices- recommended FYM + fertilizer + PPI with chemicals, T2 -100% RDF through Vermicompost T3 (100% RDF through FYM), T4 -50% RDF through Vermicompost  +50% RDF through poultry manure and T5 -50% RDF through FYM + 50% RDF through poultry manure. The applications of 50% RDF through Vermicompost at 7.5 ton/ha + 50% RDF through poultry manures at 5 ton/ha (T4) resulted in maximum value of growth and yield attributes viz. maximum growth (leaf length), yield parameters (root length, root weight, root diameter, root yield/ plot) and root yield q/ha. It is revealed from the data obtained that the significantly maximum root yield/ha of radish was recorded with the application of 50% RDF(Recommended dose of Fertilizer) through Vermicompost + 50% RDF through poultry manures (PPI-Pre plant Incorporation with organic methods) (T4) along with maximum net return of and maximum benefit cost ratio.
KARAKTERISTIK DAN FAKTOR PENDORONG WIRAUSAHA WANITA ETNIS TIONGHOA DI KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI
Authors: Widyantari Shinta
Published: September 2023

Wanita seringkali terbatas pada pekerjaan rumah tangga menyebabkan memiliki lebih sedikit kesempatan untuk menjadi wirausaha. Meskipun demikian, wanita juga memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan perekonomian sebagai wirausaha. Saat ini, kita bisa melihat tidak hanya laki-laki yang menjadi wirausaha, tetapi juga wanita mulai mengambil peran kewirausahaan. Penulis ingin mengetahui karakteristik wirausaha wanita etnis Tionghoa dan faktor pendorong wirausaha wanita etnis Tionghoa. Penulis memilih Kabupaten Banyuwangi sebagai lokasi penelitian, karena Banyuwangi merupakan kota wisata, dan merupakan peluang yang baik untuk membuka restoran. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Dalam hal metode sampling, penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Metode wawancara yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara semi terstruktur. Hasil analisis dari penelitian ini adalah perpaduan antara ketegasan dan kelembutan menjadi ciri khas wirausaha wanita etnis Tionghoa. Sedangkan faktor pendorong wirausaha wanita etnis Tionghoa yaitu karena keinginannya sendiri.             Kata kunci: wirausaha wanita etnis Tionghoa, karakteristik, faktor pendorong
Behind the Canvas: A Novel Exploring Childhood Verbal Abuse’s Effects on Adolescents’ Behavioral Development
Authors: Agatha Olivia , Setiawan Dwi
Published: September 2023

The number of child abuse, particularly verbal abuse, has been increasing over the past decades. The increase happens because of some people’s rationalization toward verbal abuse, especially because they believe that verbal abuse is an effective discipline method for their children. Reflecting on this reality, this creative work highlights the issues of childhood verbal abuse on the victims’ behavioral development by displaying the types, the consequences, and the healing steps of childhood verbal abuse. The exploration of the aforementioned issues is supported by Rohner’s Parental Acceptance-Rejection Theory and Bowlby’s Attachment Theory. The form of this creative work is a bildungsroman novel about the journey of a boy named Elliot who suffers from verbal abuse from his mother due to his birth origin.
Melanie: A Novel Exploring How Trauma Affects a Teenager’s Mental Health
Authors: Adelina Jessie Tricia Evelyn Sherrie , Limanta Liem Satya
Published: September 2023

When a teenager accidentally commits a killing in self-defense, such an experience will have a tremendous effect on her psychological condition. From the accidental killing, she suffers from a post-traumatic stress disorder, which negatively affects her mental health. She will then use a variety of defense mechanisms to cope. This work applies the theory of traumatic stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, and defense mechanisms. This creative thesis is written in the form of a novel to showcase the effects of a self-defense killing on a person’s psyche, and how she uses defense mechanisms to deal with the effects. The novel shows how Melanie, the main character, suffers from the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, such as strong emotions, overreaction, disturbed sleeping patterns, withdrawal from family and friends, depression, pessimistic outlook on life, and feelings of hopelessness, and she utilizes avoidance, acting out, repression and denial as defense mechanisms to deal with the stress.
Language Style Used in the Business Articles of Suitmedia’s Website
Authors: Patricia Jessica , Harsono Ivonne Muliawati
Published: September 2023

The objective of the study was to identify the different types of language style that were used in two business articles. The writer analyzed the language style used in the strategy and creative article published on the Suitmedia website in October 2022. The study used Keraf's (2010) theory of language style based on diction, which utilizes three indicators: vocabulary, sentence length, and sentence structure. Moeliono et al.'s (2017) theory of inversion and Chaer's (2014) theory of syntax were also used as supporting theories. This study was conducted using a descriptive qualitative approach. The data analysis showed that the strategy article used the formal language style, and the creative article used the informal language style. The research findings indicated three differences in language style between strategy and creative articles, which are vocabulary, sentence structure, and sentence length.
See You on the Other Side: A Novel Exploring Dissociative Identity Disorder
Authors: Richard Laurensius
Published: September 2023

Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a disease in which people experience multiple separate personalities and function independently of one another and autonomously from one another. DID is a rare disease found in only 1.5% of people worldwide, so I want to find out what the cause of people having DID and how they recover from DID. The method that I will use is to create a creative work in the form of a novel. The story will involve family dysfunction and post-traumatic avoidance as the causes of DID and three approaches, which are safety and stability, work on traumatic memories, and re-integration into life, to weaken the DID effects. Narrative-wise, this creative fiction novel is set in 2022's America, where this story will highlight Ethan's daily life as the person that has DID, which creates a new identity, Elliot. The finding is that Ethan's DID effect cannot be cured, but it can be recovered with the help of Maydeline using the three approaches of DID treatment.
NON-LINEAR DISPERSION EFFECTS IN NEARSHORE WAVES: PERSPECTIVES FOR DEPTH-INVERSION APPLICATIONS
Authors: Martins Kévin , Bonneton Philippe , Viron Olivier de , Turner Ian , Harley Mitchell , Splinter Kristen
Published: September 2023

Remote-sensing technology, combined with depth-inversion algorithms, presents a promising opportunity to quantify the morphological evolution of sandy beaches during storms. Current depth-inversion algorithms such as cBathy rely on the linear wave dispersion relation to invert depth from remotely-sensed dispersion properties. In the surf zone, however, non-linear amplitude dispersion effects become important and significant deviations from the linear dispersion are expected (Martins et al., 2021). Optical imagery also suffers from other technical limitations when dealing with breaking waves (e.g., saturated pixels and phase shifts), which affects the stability and accuracy of remotely-sensed wave dispersive properties. These limitations explain the poor accuracy reached with common approaches in the surf zone (typically 100 percent error). This contribution paves the way to new depth-inversion algorithms suited to the surf zone, based on remotely-sensed free surface elevation data (e.g., by lidar scanners). We here report on the first efforts to account for non-linear amplitude dispersion effects.
HOW BEACH STATE INFLUENCES WAVE RUNUP ON A PERCHED BEACH IN SOUTHWESTERN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Portch Carly , Cuttler Michael , Buckley Mark , Hansen Jeff , Lowe Ryan
Published: September 2023

Approximately 20 to 30 percent of the world’s coastlines are fronted by shallowly buried or outcropping shore platforms overlain by perched beaches (Kirk, 1977; Marshall and Stephenson, 2011; Trenhaile, 2002). Seasonal erosion of perched sediment can shift the beach state from ‘accreted’ to ‘exposed’ (Gallop et al., 2011), and the effect this has on wave-induced flood risk (known as wave runup) is unknown. As sea levels rise and storm severity increases, understanding how beach state influences wave runup is crucial for minimising coastal hazard risk and managing perched beach coastlines. In this work, idealised numerical modelling and field observations along a perched beach in southwestern Australia were used to quantify the influence of beach state on wave runup, setup, and swash processes.
INVESTIGATIONS OF BORE-BORE CAPTURE ON A MACROTIDAL BEACH
Authors: Hart Rosanne , Power Hannah E. , Stringari Caio E. , Blenkinsopp Chris
Published: September 2023

The aim of better understanding the mechanisms of extreme runup events has led to increasing interest into bore-bore capture statistics and drivers. Bore-bore capture occurs when a broken wave (bore) travels over the front of another broken wave on approach to the shore. A similar but distinct process is shoreline capture which is where a broken wave travels over an uprush swash lens (therefore located in the swash zone), Bore-bore capture events occur in the surf and outer swash zones and have been shown to greatly influence runup statistics on natural beaches (Stringari and Power, 2020). Garcia-Medina et al. (2017) investigated bore-bore capture on a dissipative beach using numerical modelling and found that bore-bore capture was correlated to the largest runup events. Stringari and Power (2020) expanded on this by investigating bore-bore capture on 7 different beaches and found that bore-bore capture was responsible for over 97 percent of extreme shoreline maximas. The exact mechanisms behind bore-bore capture which result in extreme runup events in the form of energy transfer, however, are yet to be investigated. Whilst the relationship between infragravity energy at the shoreline and the probability of bore capture has been identified (Stringari and Power, 2020), the influence of infragravity energy on runup elevations resulting from captured and non-captured waves is yet to be fully quantified.
A PATH TOWARDS HOLISTIC COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN TEXAS LEVERAGING SIGNIFICANT INVESTMENTS IN DATA COLLECTION, PLANNING, AND IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Maglio Coraggio , Green David , Frenzel Kevin , Williams Tony , Kartman Carla , Brooks Kelly , McCutcheon Melissa , Oyer Joshua , Payne Tyler , Burkes-Copes Kelly , Kerr Patrick Corbitt , Das Himangshu , Thies Jason , Mallindine Jessica , Figlus Jens , Goff John
Published: September 2023

The Gulf of Mexico shorelines of Texas are in a largely regressive state due to an amalgamation of factors including but not limited to: sea level rise, subsidence, littoral drift, and riverine supply disruptions. In some areas the erosion rate is several meters annually, leading to significant loss of coastal barrier island area. The bulk of the coastal barrier systems in Texas is undeveloped. However, barrier island loss is no longer able to go unnoticed as there is ever-growing recognition of their intrinsic value to coastal habitat and economies and their role in coastal storm resilience. Projects with significant merit and sediment needs are being identified for funding, which could result in a firstcome- first-serve extraction of the easily available and less costly sediment resources. Without proper management, the complexity and cost of future projects will naturally escalate, leading to a reduction in investments due to lower returns. The following questions need to be addressed: how can lower returns be avoided to incentivize investment and maximize coastal restoration efforts in Texas? And what can be done to galvanize support for beneficial use (BU) placement of beach-quality dredge material to minimize its removal from the littoral system? What can be done now to inform and leverage the existing and future knowledge so that management decisions lead to better outcomes for the environment and Texas constituents? A well thought out and executed plan maximizing returns and coastal resilience will enable other regions to more easily replicate the success.
IDENTIFYING TRENDS IN RESPONSES TO HURRICANE AND CLIMATE CHANGE COMMUNICATION TOOLS
Authors: Cass Evan , Shao Wanyun , Hao Feng , Moradkhani Hamid , Yeates Elissa
Published: September 2023

The southeastern United States has been identified as a region with high physical and social vulnerability to climate change and coastal hazards such as hurricanes and floods (Emrich and Cutter, 2011). The effects of these hazards are only expected to increase over time under climate change, so it is vital that the risk information is adequately communicated to the public so that they can make effective, informed decisions to mitigate these risks (Shao et al. 2017). In finding those aspects of information such as warning messages and graphics that the public responds most to, those methods can be utilized when communicating vital information to vulnerable coastal populations in the future. Three surveys were distributed to members of the public in Mobile, Alabama, Savannah, Georgia, and Houston, Texas in the summer of 2021. These surveys focused on hurricane risk perceptions and behaviors, with each survey including an experimental section regarding a topic unique to each survey.
INTERPRETABLE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR RIP CURRENT DETECTION AND LOCALIZATION
Authors: Rampal Neelesh , Rautenbach Christo , Shand Tom
Published: September 2023

A rip current is a strong, localized current of water which moves along and away from the shore. Identification of rip currents is important for both surf lifesavers/lifeguards when making decisions on where to designate safe swimming areas and for the general public when deciding on where to swim when lifeguards are on patrol. Our motivation is to enable better real-time detection of rip-currents to assist and improve decision-making and reduce the potential for loss of life. Our approach is to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm that both identifies whether a rip-current exists in a video or image, but also localizes where that rip-current occurs.
INFLUENCE OF EBB-DELTA DYNAMICS ON EVOLUTION OF INLET-INTERRUPTED COASTS
Authors: Bamunawala Janaka , Ranasinghe Roshanka , Larson Magnus
Published: September 2023

Shoreline variation along inlet-interrupted coasts in macro-time scales can be addressed as a sediment budget-related process, and it was first presented by Ranasinghe et al. (2013) as the Scale-aggregated Model for Inlet-interrupted Coasts (i.e., SMIC). This was further developed as the Generalised Scale-aggregated Model for Inlet-interrupted Coasts (i.e., G-SMIC) by Bamunawala et al. (2020a, 2020b, 2021). The G-SMIC is a fully probabilistic, generically applicable model that simulates the evolution of inlet-interrupted coasts under climate-change impacts and anthropogenic activities. However, G-SMIC does not consider any ebb-deltas in the vicinity of inlet-estuary systems. Thus, this study aims to include the ebb-delta dynamics into the G-SMIC so that its generic applicability would further increase.
A MIXED METHOD TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE STUDY OF COASTAL FACTOR CORRELATION TO DECLINING SEA ICE IN RESOLUTE BAY, NUNAVUT
Authors: Forsythe Alexandra , Nistor Ioan
Published: September 2023

Canadian Arctic environments suffer severe consequences from global climate change. As sea surface and air temperatures rise, sea ice extent and thickness continue to decline, resulting in longer ice-free seasons. Due to the remote nature of Canadian Arctic communities, there are limited quantitative data available for calibration of predictions. However, local Inuit hunters, trappers, and elders hold a plethora of knowledge on the sea ice and coastal environment within their communities. This study seeks to answer the question, can coastal factors be correlated to declining sea ice through scientific and traditional knowledge methods. The present study examined (1) historical trends in, (2) lived experience and traditional knowledge of, and (3) correlation between, sea ice and the coastal environment in Resolute Bay, Nunavut Canada.
COASTAL ‘OMNI-LINE’: MULTI-SCALE DATA SYNTHESIS, TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP
Authors: McCarroll R. Jak , Ierodiaconou Daniel , Kennedy David M. , Pucino Nicolas , Allan Blake , Liu Jin , Meucci Alberto , Young Ian , Tran Huy Quang , Carvalho Rafael , Bishop-Taylor Robbi
Published: September 2023

Debate exists on use of large-scale, simplified models for predicting shoreline change, e.g., IPCC AR6, as opposed to local-scale ‘compartment-based’ studies. An alternative is to act both top-down and bottom-up, integrating multi-scale data. We outline a prototype ‘Omni-Line’ coastal database, spanning Victoria, Australia (2500 km coastline), part of the Victorian Coastal Monitoring Program (VCMP). The database framework comprises 30-m alongshore-spaced transects from Digital Earth Australia Coastlines (DEAC; Geoscience Australia; 1988 - 2020), with all datasets interpolated to the same framework. Cross-sections are extracted from the Victorian Coastal DEM (2021). Morphology is from ‘SmartLine’. Divisions are by Coastal Compartments (Coastal Sediment Compartment Project). Coastal structures are from the Coastal Asset Management System (CAMS). Wave and water level statistics are interpolated from regional models (Tran et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2022). Aerial imagery shorelines (1930 onward) are extracted at selected locations. Observational data are from VCMP wave buoys (n = 13); and drone surveys (n = 38 sites).
3D NUMERICAL STUDY OF HYDROYNAMICS AROUND A MONOPILE FOUNDATION UNDER COMBINED WAVE CURRENT EFFECT
Authors: Purkayastha Subhrangshu , Dutta Debasish , Afzal Mohammad Saud , Bihs Hans
Published: September 2023

A numerical investigation of hydrodynamics around a monopile foundation is presented in the paper. An open-source CFD program REEF3D is used for the present study. The REEF3D model solves the Reynolds-averaged Naiver-Stokes equation with k-w turbulence closure to obtain the flow hydrodynamics. The code utilizes a staggered cartesian grid system. Also, Message Passing Interface (MPI) based parallelization is used for domain decomposition. In order to ensure the precision of the flow field, the model is first validated for four different combined wave-current scenarios, where the currents and waves are following each other. The results obtained from the validation studies exhibit good agreement with the already reported experimental results. Initially, a grid convergence study has been performed to ensure that the Numerical wave tank is independent of the mesh size. Finally, numerical experiments corresponding to four different combined wave-current cases for different wave steepness are simulated using the code.
TYPHOON HAZARD ANALYSIS OF THE CEBU-CORDOVA LINK EXPRESSWAY ACROSS MACTAN CHANNEL
Authors: Cruz Eric C. , Andal Maria Deandra C. , Rizabal Karl Derrick S. , Inocencio Ismael Aragorn D , II Edgardo P. Kasilag
Published: September 2023

The Cebu-Cordova Link Expressway (CCLEX) is an inter-island bridge that links Cebu City to Mactan Island through the municipality of Cordova. The 8.9-km-long structure spans from the Cebu South Coastal Road (CSCR), crosses the Mactan Channel and Mactan Reef Flat, then connects to a causeway in Barangay Pilipog in Cordova. It is the longest and tallest bridge in the Philippines as of 2022. The channel is approximately 12-km-long strait bound to the northwest by Cebu Island and to the southeast by Mactan Island. Both ends of the channel are approximately 0.5 km wide. Adjacent to the southwest end of the channel is the Mactan Reef Flat. It is a 3,000-hectare expanse of mangroves, corals, and seagrass. CCLEX, with its local features, consisting of causeways, viaducts, pylons with pile foundations, piers, bridges, tidal inlets, and a toll plaza, is found to have affected the wave climate within the Mactan Channel and Mactan Reef Flat during extreme typhoons. This paper presents the analyses and synthesis of the effects of the CCLEX substructure on the extreme hazards of storm tide and typhoon waves of typhoons that tracked Mactan Channel.
COASTAL VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF THE FRENCH MEDITERRANEAN COASTS TO STORMS FLOODING AND EROSION PHENOMENA, AND MORPHODYNAMIC MODELING UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECTIONS
Authors: Valentini Nico , Balouin Yann
Published: September 2023

Storm events on sandy coastal environments already weakened by a sediment deficit can generate a strong erosion of the beach-dune system, accentuating the phenomena of marine flooding and damage to infrastructures. In order to assess this risk of coastal flooding under stormy conditions and taking into account climate change and the new IPCC projection (IPCC, 2021), modeling approaches nowadays provide a robust tool. In this study, a modeling chain is used to simulate present-day and future coastal hazards on the Mediterranean French coastline, taking into account the complex interaction of hydrodynamic and morphodynamic phenomena. In order to build a regional strategy for the evaluation of the coastal hazards under storm events, a methodology is proposed to evaluate the reality of a potential increase of coastal flooding following dune/beach erosion and to identify the concerned coastal regions for prioritizing regional coastal zone management actions.
NEARSHORE SCALAR TRANSPORT MODEL WITH VIRTUAL REALITY ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Hwang Sooncheol , Lynett Patrick J. , Son Sangyoung
Published: September 2023

The importance of public awareness in disaster preparation has been emphasized in recent studies (Burningham et al., 2008; Sermet and Demir, 2019). Advances in virtual reality (VR) technology and graphical processor units (GPU) enables simulation of real-world physics and simultaneous visualization within affordable costs. Owing to VR’s high immersiveness, it has been utilized in various fields such as medical sciences, fire dynamics and even disaster experience on the purpose of education and training (Cha et al., 2012; Pottle, 2019). VR-based numerical simulation with various scenarios can provide real-time training on water-related disasters (e.g., storm surge, tsunami, and flood) and invisible risks such as pollutants while ensuring human safety. This study aims to develop a scalar transport model governed by shallow flows using a VR environment.
QUANTIFYING THE BELGIAN COAST’S RESILIENCE AGAINST SEA LEVEL RISE (USING XBEACH and SWASH MODELLING)
Authors: Roo Sieglien De , Suzuki Tomohiro , Thoon Daphné
Published: September 2023

To maintain however a safe and climate resilient coast, it is utterly important to bridge the knowledge gap between its current safety level and its safety level under sea level rise. That’s why this year’s safety assessment includes also 3 mean sea level rise scenario’s: +0.3, +0.8 and +1.5m. It allows us to quantify the strength of the sea defense under changing hydraulic conditions and, possibly, identify its tipping point. Applying joint probability analysis and extreme value statistics on long time series of field data (monitored on the Belgian continental shelf) results in combinations of wind, water level and significant wave height having a specific (higher) return period. These combinations are then transformed from offshore to nearshore (just outside the surf zone) using SWAN. The Belgian coast is subdivided in alongshore coastal areas having similar median grain sizes. For every area, a 2DH XBeach model is set up, making use of a digital elevation model (DEM) of the present situation (February 2022).
HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING OF AN INLET WITH ESTUARINE SHORELINE PROTECTION
Authors: Wargula Anna , Velasquez-Montoya Liliana , Nangle Jessica , Sciaudone Elizabeth , Smyre Elizabeth , Tomiczek Tori
Published: September 2023

Tidal inlets are dynamic systems, leading to engineering challenges in maintaining navigability and protecting infrastructure on adjacent shorelines. Interventions to stabilize tidal inlets are commonly used worldwide. It is known that many inlet stabilization techniques may lead to changes in the circulation and morphology of the inlet and adjacent shorelines (Toso et al., 2019). Most studies have focused on the implications for ocean-side dynamics; changes in the hydrodynamics on the estuarine side of the inlet are less understood. Oregon Inlet, located on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, USA, separates the Atlantic Ocean from the Albemarle-Pamlico Sound. This paper will discuss the effects of the different erosion mitigation alternatives on the hydrodynamics across the flood delta and the inlet’s main channel.
CHARACTERIZING TRAILING WAVES FROM CARGO SHIP WAKE
Authors: Haas Kevin , Muscalus Alexandra
Published: September 2023

Low-frequency (LF) cargo ship wake is a major source of hydrodynamic energy in shipping channels, where it has increasingly been linked to shoreline erosion. The LF wake consists of a drawdown called the “Bernoulli depression,” a return surge, and finally a series of trailing waves that may persist longer than 30 minutes after the vessel passage. While the Bernoulli depression and surge are well-explained by conservation principles, we presently lack a robust explanation of the trailing waves. They are a ubiquitous feature observed at many locations (e.g. Garrel, Lopez, and Collins, 2008), and have frequently been attributed to cross-channel seiching; however, field measurements from the Savannah River, GA, USA suggested that some of the waves may have alongshore progressive characteristics, which contradicts this assumption.
ASSESSMENT OF UNCERTAINTY IN ESTIMATING FUTURE EXTREME STORM SURGE EVENTS IN OSAKA BAY USING LARGE ENSEMBLE TYPHOON DATA
Authors: Nakajo Sota , Sooyoul Kim , Mori Nobuhito , Adrean Webb , Yasuda Tomohiro
Published: September 2023

Risk assessment of low-frequency catastrophic events requires observation/simulation data of a large number of disaster events. When we consider the risk of storm surge, high waves, and strong wind caused by tropical cyclone, the way of stochastic tropical cyclone model approach has been conducted. The stochastic model can create a lot of synthetic tropical cyclone track data which has same statistic characteristics with historical data got in short period. In addition, climate change impact assessment requires comparison of many ensemble results (models and scenarios) in order to consider the uncertainty of future projections. However, there are few proposals for stochastic models that can predict the future climate change effects. Even if a large amount of tropical cyclone track data is produced, it is practically impossible to simulate disasters for all of them. For this reason, methods for calculating storm surge and storm waves using ANN models and regression models have been proposed, but the validity of data screening using such simplified methods needs to be further investigated. This study examines the valid ity of the newly developed regression model and its applicability to the screening of hazardous storm surge events. Future changes in storm surge risk in Osaka Bay are analyzed by combining the regression model results with detailed numerical methods.
MAPPING COASTAL TYPOLOGY USING PUBLICLY AVAILABLE EARTH OBSERVATION DATA AND DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Calkoen Floris , Luijendijk Arjen , Rodenas Antonio Moreno , Aarninkhof Stefan
Published: September 2023

Given the urgent need for a high-resolution geomorphological characterization of the coast, we developed an innovative method to classify large amounts of thumbnail images, extracted from publicly available Earth Observation data, into an erosion-dedicated coastal typology. The dataset is an valuable asset for coastal managers who aim for sustainable use of the coastal zone.
PROBABILISTIC APPROACH FOR PREDICTING THE DRIFT OF BODIES BY TSUNAMIS
Authors: Haga Keisuke , Arikawa Taro
Published: September 2023

The Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 triggered a massive tsunami, and most of the dead and missing were killed by the tsunami. About 12 years after the disaster, search activities for missing persons are still ongoing. So far, the drift behavior of drifting debris (Nistor et al., 2017) has been studied. However, the human body's drift behavior and area due to tsunamis have not been studied. It is important to establish a prediction method for the drift behavior of the human body in order to quickly rescue people who are drowned by tsunamis. On the other hand, according to Mateus et al.(2020), probabilistic and statistical approaches are important. Therefore, in this study, it is clarified that the drifting behavior of the human body based on the results of the interview survey in Otsuchi Town, Iwate Prefecture, and performs reproduction calculations to verify the validity of the method and to examine the influence of the initial configuration of the drifting position of the human body.
AUCKLAND COUNCIL’S PROGRESS ON SUSTAINABLE SHORELINE ADAPTATION PLANS
Authors: Carpenter Natasha , Vernall Sage , Rivers Matt , Morriss Jo , Reinen-Hamill Richard , Baines Nancy , Singh Emma , Robison Josie
Published: September 2023

Auckland Council is currently developing shoreline adaptation plans across the Auckland region to support the sustainable management of public assets into the future with increasing coastal hazard risks. These build upon the Coastal Management Framework (Carpenter et al. 2017) and are being developed as 20 phased plans. At the time of writing the ‘Whangaparāoa’ and ‘Beachlands and East’ Shoreline Adaptation Plans (SAP) have been completed. The ‘Āwhitu Peninsula’ and ‘Manukau South’ SAPs are well underway, and the remaining SAPs are programmed to be completed over the next 4 years. To inform the development of the adaptation strategies numerous datasets were required. Coastal erosion and coastal flooding predictions have been mapped for the Auckland region to assess the evolving coastal hazards. Up-to-date coastal asset information was gathered through hundreds of coastal asset inspections for each SAP area. This asset data fed into adaptation strategy decisions as well as being incorporated into a regional risk assessment to assess the relative risk across Auckland’s SAP units.
AUSSEABED: A NATIONAL PROGRAM OF COLLABORATION TO MAXIMISE AUSTRALIA’S SEABED MAPPING EFFORTS
Authors: Townsend Nigel , Baldry Kimberley , Crossman David , Cullen Richard , Doubell Mark , Ingleton Tim , Mackay Kevin , McNeil Mardi , Nichol Scott , Parnum Iain , Picard Kim , Samson Cath , Talbot-Smith Ralph , Tunwell Martin , Young Mary
Published: September 2023

High quality seabed data are fundamental to a wide range of engineering, management and science research applications stretching from shallow-water coastal environments, across the shelf and out on to the abyssal sea floor. Coastal applications require high-resolution, quality bathymetry data to support models for understanding currents and waves, sediment transport and erosion, hazard and risk assessment as well as ensuring safe navigation and informing development associated with infrastructure and commercial projects. Combined with other seabed data types, the information supports research around changing climate and marine biodiversity and provides development opportunities associated with energy and food production in support of the Blue Economy.
WAVE CHARACTERISTICS CAUSING COASTAL DAMAGE AROUND THE TYPHOON STORM ZONE: ANALYSIS AT OSATO COAST FOR TYPHOON NO. 19, 2019
Authors: Nakagawa Kosuke , Yamanaka Ryoichi , Okegawa Hironori , Kozuki Yasunori
Published: September 2023

The Osato Coast is located on the southeastern part of Tokushima Prefecture, and is a natural coastline of sand and gravel with a total length of approximately 4 km facing the Pacific Ocean. An artificial pine forest located behind the coastline is used for disaster prevention and recreation. Typhoon No. 19, which passed through eastern Japan from October 12 to 13, 2019, caused river flooding and strong wind damage in various parts of Japan. On the Osato Coast, waves caused inundation damage to pine forests and large-scale beach deformation. This is the largest damage recorded in history, and the pine forest in the inundation area died. The objective of this study is to evaluate the wave characteristics and damage generation process during the damage.
UTILISING GEOSCIENTIFIC INSIGHTS INTO PAST COASTAL HAZARD EVENTS FOR COASTAL ENGINEERING
Authors: Switzer Adam D.
Published: September 2023

People, infrastructure and ecological systems at the coast are vulnerable to several coastal hazards, most of which have, or will, become more serious with changing climate. Climate change is likely to affect rainfall and climate patterns, potentially intensifying and changing seasonal patterns and frequency of storms. Sea-level rise associated with climate change will also impact much of the coastal zone. Despite the threat of coastal disasters, and the projections of increasing hazards under a changing climate, coastal engineering development must continue unabated, leaving many communities at risk of catastrophic losses. For most cities historical events indicate a considerable risk and all coastal communities must live with a certain risk of coastal hazards, but informed coastal engineering can minimize the potential for fatalities and economic loss, and therefore must be undertaken. Here I investigate storms and tsunamis and 1. address the options for obtaining longer records of events and 2. examine the need for incorporating uncertainties of future changes in climate, sea level and and coastal environments.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF WAVE RUNUP TO COASTAL FLOODING AT NORFOLK (VA, USA) DURING EXTREME EVENTS
Authors: Lashley Christopher , Puleo Jack , Shi Fengyan
Published: September 2023

Coastal flooding occurs when the total water level (TWL) elevation exceeds that of the natural (e.g. dune) or built (e.g. levee) coastal defense. Operational models that estimate the TWL typically consider the combined effect of mean sea level (MSL), high tide, and storm surge. However, the extent to which storm waves run up the beach or structure is often neglected, as either computationally demanding numerical or site-specific empirical models are required to accurately resolve the components of wave runup. These components include a time-averaged surface elevation at the shoreline (wave setup) and time-varying fluctuations about that mean (swash), which may be further divided into high-frequency (sea and swell, SS) and low-frequency (infragravity, IG) motions. Therefore, any prediction tool used to estimate wave runup must account for breaking waves, which drives wave setup and infragravity motions. While neglecting wave runup allows for rapid hazard assessment on a large scale, studies have shown that its exclusion can lead to a significant underestimation in the TWL (Serafin et al., 2017). In this study, we assess the contribution of the individual components of wave runup (wave setup, SS and IG wave motions) to the TWL at the Norfolk Naval Station and its surrounding region (VA, USA) — a mesotidal area characterized by a mild continental shelf and exposed to hurricanes and nor’easters.
MODELING CORAL REEF RESTORATION TO REDUCE COASTAL HAZARDS FROM SCALES OF CENTIMETERS TO KILOMETERS
Authors: Storlazzi Curt , Norris Ben , Pomeroy Andrew , Roelvink Floortje , Dongeren Ap van , Reguero Borja , Beck Michael
Published: September 2023

Coral reefs are effective natural barriers that protect adjacent coastal communities from hazards such as erosion and storm-induced flooding. However, the degradation of coral reefs compromises their efficacy to protect against these hazards, making degraded reefs a target for restoration. At present, there is little guidance on how and where to restore coral reefs for coastal hazard risk reduction. Here we present modeling at a series of scales to provide such guidance.
MORPHODYNAMICS OF TWO RIVERINE ESTUARIES IN NSW
Authors: Broadfoot Madelaine SS. , Doyle Tom B. , Burke Annette C. , Power Hannah E.
Published: September 2023

Australian communities place a very high value on coastal environments and this is reflected with 85 percent of the population living within 50 km of the coast (Clark and Johnston 2016). Estuaries make up a large portion of the coastal environment so it is important to understand how such settings may respond to future pressures. It is generally accepted that estuaries will undergo significant alteration due to climate change related impacts such as sea level rise (SLR) and changes in the frequency and magnitude of storm events (Passeri et al. 2016). Most previous research in southeast Australia has focused on coastal lake estuary types (e.g. Young et al. 2014 and Hart et al. 2019), yet our understanding of how riverine estuary systems (i.e., more mature and infilled systems) will respond to future SLR is much less certain. To increase our understanding of how the morphodynamics of riverine estuaries may change with climate change, this study has investigated the tidal hydrodynamics, water level records, and inlet morphologies of two riverine estuaries in NSW: Boambee Creek (around 500 km north of Sydney) and Camden Haven Inlet (around 350 km north of Sydney).
THREE-DIMENSIONAL PHISICAL MODELING OF LANDSLIDE-GENERATED TSUNAMIS
Authors: Takabatake Tomoyuki , Han Dawn Chenxi , Esteban Miguel , Shibayama Tomoya
Published: September 2023

Massive landslides can generate significant tsunamis and endanger coastal communities, as shown by recent catastrophic events such as the 2018 Palu Tsunami and 2018 Sunda Strait Tsunami (e.g., Heidarzadeh et al. 2018; Takabatake et al. 2019). While a number of experimental studies have been conducted to investigate landslide generated tsunamis, most were performed using two dimensional (2D) wave flumes (e.g., Fritz et al. 2004; Takabatake et al. 2020). Thus, the present study conducted three-dimensional (3D) experiments to clarify the characteristics of landslide-generated tsunamis, and to develop empirical equations that can predict the generated wave heights and periods.
LONG-TERM PROJECTION OF EXTREME STORM SURGE IN JAPAN USING MAXIMUM POTENTIAL STORM SURGE HEIGHT MODEL BASED ON HIGHRESMIP EXPERIMENT
Authors: Ito Shun , Mori Nobuhito , Shimura Tomoya , Miyashita Takuya
Published: September 2023

The recent IPCC report indicated that the ratio of strong tropical cyclones (TCs) can increase due to climate change, and there is concern that the intensified TCs would increase the risk of storm surges. However, a storm surge is an extreme event with a lower frequency compared to strong winds and heavy precipitation. Thus, it is difficult to estimate storm surge risk under climate change considering future changes in intensity, path, and speed of TCs. This study estimates future changes in the worst class of TCs using the MPI (Maximum Potential Intensity) theory and future changes in the worst class of storm surge height along major bays in Japan using the MPS (Maximum Potential Storm surge height) model.
XBEACH IMPLEMENTATION IN THE NEW NATIONAL COASTAL FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK FOR THE DUTCH COAST
Authors: Wilmink Rinse , McCall Robert , Santen Robbin Van , Kuik Niels van , Pluis Stefan , Bakker Anouk de , Steetzel Henk
Published: September 2023

Dunes and beaches protect large stretches of the Dutch coast against flooding from the sea. As prescribed by the Dutch Water Law, the Dutch dune coast is periodically assessed to ensure an acceptable level of flood risk in the hinterland. This safety assessment methodology is currently being renewed within the framework of the BOI program (Assessment and Design Instruments for flood defenses) to utilize the process-based storm impact model XBeach as replacement of the empirical dune erosion model DUROS+. The project consists of six steps: 1. XBeach model formulation improvements and model robustness, 2. XBeach calibration, 3. XBeach validation, 4. derivation of semi-probabilistic model input for the Dutch coast, 5. derivation of a failure definition and 6. implementing XBeach in a renewed flood risk assessment framework (Wilmink et al., 2020). The main goal of the project is to increase the accuracy of the flood risk assessment of dunes in the Netherlands by implementing XBeach as dune erosion model and develop a user-friendly GUI and guideline for the assessment framework.
AN EFFICIENT HYBRID IMPACT SWELL INUNDATION SYSTEM FOR SMALL ISLANDS
Authors: Cagigal Laura , Pérez-Díaz Beatriz , Ricondo Alba , Zornoza Manuel , Rueda Ana , Castanedo Sonia , Cofiño Antonio S. , Méndez Fernando
Published: September 2023

Coastal flooding events generated by the combination of different simultaneous Meteorological and Oceanographic processes that occur at different spatial and temporal scales, are a big concern for Pacific nations. Although for many applications, the full wave directional spectra aggregated into its bulk parameters (i.e., significant wave height, peak period and mean or peak direction) is used, this is especially unsuitable for islands located in large ocean basins where concurrent seas and swells approaching from every direction are common and including the directional complexity of the full spectrum becomes crucial. Moreover, when attempting to assess coastal flooding, it is imperative to analyze the setup and the energy released by infragravity waves at the coast in a high spatial and temporal resolution in order to generate the adequate conditions to force a flooding model. However, dynamically simulating the propagation of wave spectral energy to the coast in order to obtain setup and infragravity waves to feed a flooding model is a very computationally expensive task, particularly for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) where computational resources are often limited. For this reason, we propose the use of metamodels that combine statistical and numerical modeling to efficiently downscale waves and obtain the flooding extents needed to assess the impact associated to a particular event.
WAVE DRAG COEFFICIENT USEFUL FOR NATURE: SEAGRASS-BASED COASTAL PROTECTION DESIGN IN ESTUARIES
Authors: Twomey Alice , O'Brien Katherine , Callaghan David , Saunders Megan
Published: September 2023

Wave attenuation provided by coastal ecosystems, including seagrass, mangroves, and saltmarsh, has been well studied in coastal engineering literature, but results are often not comparable due to differences in experimental methods, reporting units and a lack of complete published datasets. Many coastal ecology and conservation studies aim to qualitatively quantify the value of these ecosystems for coastal protection. However, without data reported in a comparable format, quantitative values are not finding their way into the ecology literature, contributing to the misconception that ‘rules of thumb’ exist for predicting coastal protection. To alleviate the challenges of non-comparable data and incomplete datasets, the drag coefficient (CD) is a useful tool to quantify and compare wave attenuation provided by different ecosystems. Using seagrass as a case study, we conducted a meta-analysis of 119 seagrass-wave attenuation studies both in the field and in laboratory experiments, of which 11 were eligible for inclusion in our study (Twomey et al., 2020).
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF HYBRID SOLUTIONS FOR COASTAL PROTECTION
Authors: Maza Maria , Roldán Mariana , Lara Javier L. , Losada Iñigo J.
Published: September 2023

Among the newest strategies are nature-based solutions based on coastal ecosystems (Spalding et al., 2014; Jongman 2018). Such solutions have several co-benefits, such as habitat creation, increased water quality or carbon sequestration. However, these solutions may not be effective on their own in high-risk areas or in areas where there is not enough space for their implementation. In these cases, the union of conventional engineering with these nature-based solutions, the so-called hybrid solutions, can represent an optimal solution that provides the necessary risk reduction while reporting the cobenefits associated with natural solutions (Sutton-Grier et al., 2015; Vuik et al., 2016). This makes hybrid solutions a highly attractive option in which there is a growing interest. However, their relatively novel character, the few real cases implemented and the need for a strong integration of knowledge linking different disciplines pose a series of gaps in knowledge. To this end, an experimental campaign is proposed to study different typologies of hybrid solutions. The interaction between the ecosystem and the hard structure is studied to better understand the coastal protection service provided by the joint solution. To compare the performance of the different hybrid solutions, wave run-up over the rigid structure is analyzed and it is compared to the run-up obtained for the traditional rigid solution.