bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do standard carotid artery endarterectomy and primary closure technique cause early restenosis in diabetic patients?
Authors: Kanber Eyup Murat , Ugurlucan Murat , Sahin Mazlum , Saribal Devrim , Alpagut Ufuk
Published: January 2018

Introduction: We aimed to investigate carotid restenosis in 2-year follow-up in diabetic and nondiabetic patients who underwent standard carotid endarterectomy with primary carotid closure and determine whether diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for early stenosis for this surgical procedure.

Material and methods: We retrospectively assessed the data of patients who underwent standard carotid endarterectomy with primary carotid closure from the hospital registry and outpatient clinic follow-up between January 2006 and January 2012. The study included 25 diabetics and 25 nondiabetics, in total 50 patients. The control carotid Doppler ultrasonographies and/or computed tomography angiographies of the patients at postoperative 1, 6, 12, and 24 months were examined and a stenosis rate between 70% and 99% was regarded as significant carotid restenosis.

Results: When the diabetic and nondiabetic group patients were compared for early carotid restenosis at 2 years, there were 3 (12%) patients in the diabetic group and 4 (16%) patients in the nondiabetic group with restenosis. A statistically significant difference in early carotid restenosis was not observed between the two groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusions: Standard carotid endarterectomy and primary closure of the artery is a successfully performed surgical procedure in diabetic patients. We concluded that diabetes mellitus is not a risk factor for early restenosis in the diabetic patient population according to the results of our research.
Relationship between different livestock managements and stress response in dairy ewes
Authors: Carcangiu Vincenzo , Arfuso Francesca , Luridiana Sebastiano , Giannetto Claudia , Rizzo Maria , Bini Pier Paolo , Piccione Giuseppe
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The gradual diffusion of intensive and semi-intensive production systems, especially in dairy sheep breeds, has led to the growing concern of consumers about the life conditions of farmed animals. Space allowance and structures of sheep houses are described as the main potential sources of discomfort for housed flocks, together with inappropriate milking procedures and human–animal interactions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the structure relative to milking room could represent a stressor in Sarda dairy ewes. Animals were divided into two groups according to their farm of origin. Group A (n=40) was from a farm whose milking room was an old warehouse with a waiting area limited and located outdoors and at a different level with respect to the milking room. The passageway of the entrance in the milking room was narrow and perpendicular to the milking positioning so the animal must bend 90∘ to enter in the room. Group B (n=40) was from a farm whose milking room was wide and modern with a large waiting area located at the same level. From all animals blood samples were collected at T0 (2 h before milking procedure at 06:00), at T1 (immediately after the animals entered the milking room, about 08:00) and at T2 (after milking procedure). In addition plasma cortisol and glucose values were evaluated. Statistical analysis showed significant effect of milking room (P<0.001) and of sampling time (P<0.05) on cortisol and glucose levels. The results obtained in the present study suggest that, in addition to milking, the characteristics of the room where this procedure occurs represent stressful stimuli that could influence negatively the productivity and welfare of dairy ewes.
Enhanced ice nucleation efficiency of microcline immersed in dilute NH3 and NH4+-containing solutions
Authors: Kumar Anand , Marcolli Claudia , Luo Beiping , Peter Thomas
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Potassium containing feldspars (K-feldspars) have been considered key mineral dusts for ice nucleation (IN) in mixed-phase clouds. To investigate the effect of solutes on their IN efficiency, we performed immersion freezing experiments with the K-feldspar microcline, which is highly IN active. Freezing of emulsified droplets with microcline suspended in aqueous solutions of NH3, (NH4)2SO4, NH4HSO4, NH4NO3, NH4Cl, Na2SO4, H2SO4, K2SO4 and KCl, with solute concentrations corresponding to water activities aw = 0.9–1.0, were investigated by means of a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The measured heterogeneous ice nucleation onset temperatures, Thet (aw) deviate strongly from Thet∆awhet (aw), the values calculated from the water-activity-based approach (where Thet∆awhet (aw) = Tmelt (aw + ∆awhet) with a constant offset ∆awhet with respect to the ice melting point curve). Surprisingly, for very dilute solutions of NH3 and NH4+-salts (molalities  ~ 0.96), we find IN temperatures raised by up to 4.5 K above the onset freezing temperature of microcline in pure water (Thet (aw = 1)) and 5.5 K above Thet∆awhet (aw), revealing NH3 and NH4+ to significantly enhance the IN of the microcline surface. Conversely, more concentrated NH3 and NH4+ solutions show a depression of the onset temperature below Thet∆awhet (aw) by as much as 13.5 K caused by a decline in IN ability accompanied with a reduction in the volume fraction of water frozen heterogeneously. All salt solutions not containing NH4+ as cation exhibit nucleation temperatures Thet (aw)  ~ 0.96) at warm (252–257 K) and NH3/NH4+-rich conditions.
Hotplate precipitation gauge calibrations and field measurements
Authors: Zelasko Nicholas , Wettlaufer Adam , Borkhuu Bujidmaa , Burkhart Matthew , Campbell Leah S. , Steenburgh W. James , Snider Jefferson R.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. First introduced in 2003, approximately 70 Yankee Environmental Systems (YES) hotplate precipitation gauges have been purchased by researchers and operational meteorologists. A version of the YES hotplate is described in Rasmussen et al. (2011; R11). Presented here is testing of a newer version of the hotplate; this device is equipped with longwave and shortwave radiation sensors. Hotplate surface temperature, coefficients describing natural and forced convective sensible energy transfer, and radiative properties (longwave emissivity and shortwave reflectance) are reported for two of the new-version YES hotplates. These parameters are applied in a new algorithm and are used to derive liquid-equivalent accumulations (snowfall and rainfall), and these accumulations are compared to values derived by the internal algorithm used in the YES hotplates (hotplate-derived accumulations). In contrast with R11, the new algorithm accounts for radiative terms in a hotplate's energy budget, applies an energy conversion factor which does not differ from a theoretical energy conversion factor, and applies a surface area that is correct for the YES hotplate. Radiative effects are shown to be relatively unimportant for the precipitation events analyzed. In addition, this work documents a 10 % difference between the hotplate-derived and new-algorithm-derived accumulations. This difference seems consistent with R11's application of a hotplate surface area that deviates from the actual surface area of the YES hotplate and with R11's recommendation for an energy conversion factor that differs from that calculated using thermodynamic theory.
Validation of the IASI FORLI/Eumetsat ozone products using
satellite (GOME-2), ground-based (Brewer-Dobson, SAOZ) and
ozonesonde measurements
Authors: Boynard Anne , Hurtmans Daniel , Garane Katerina , Goutail Florence , Hadji-Lazaro Juliette , Koukouli Maria Elissavet , Wespes Catherine , Keppens Arno , Pommereau Jean-Pierre , Pazmino Andrea , Balis Dimitris , Loyola Diego , Valks Pieter , Coheur Pierre-François , Clerbaux Cathy
Published: January 2018

Abstract. This paper assesses the quality of IASI/Metop-A (IASI-A) and IASI/Metop-B (IASI-B) ozone (O3) products (total and partial O3 columns) retrieved with the Fast Optimal Retrievals on Layers for IASI Ozone (FORLI-O3) v20151001 software for nine years (2008–2017) through an extensive inter-comparison and validation exercise using independent observations (satellite, ground-based and ozonesonde). IASI-A and IASI-B Total O3 Columns (TOCs) are generally consistent, with a global mean difference less than 0.3 % for both day- and nighttime measurements, IASI-A being slightly higher than IASI-B. A global difference less than 2.4 % is found for the tropospheric (TROPO) O3 column product (IASI-A being lower than IASI-B), which is partly due to a temporary issue related to IASI-A viewing angle in 2015. Our validation shows that IASI-A and IASI-B TOCs are consistent with GOME-2, Dobson, Brewer and SAOZ retrieved ones, with global mean differences in the range 0.1–2 % depending on the instruments. The IASI-A and ground-based TOC comparison for the period 2008–July 2017 shows good long-term stability (negative trends within 3 % decade−1). The comparison results between IASI-A and IASI-B against smoothed ozonesonde partial O3 columns vary in altitude and latitude, with maximum standard deviation for the 300–150 hPa column (20–40 %) due to strong ozone variability and a priori uncertainty. The worst agreement with the ozonesondes and with UV-vis retrieved TOC [satellite and ground] is found at the southern high latitudes. Compared to ozonesonde data, IASI-A and IASI-B O3 products overestimate the O3 abundance in the stratosphere (up to 20 % for the 150–25 hPa column) and underestimates the O3 abundance in the troposphere (within 10 % for the mid-latitudes and ~ 18 % for the tropics). Based on the period 2011–2016, non-significant drift is found for the northern hemispheric tropospheric columns while a small drift prevails for the period before 2011.
Airborne wind lidar observations over the North Atlantic in 2016 for the pre-launch validation of the satellite mission Aeolus
Authors: Lux Oliver , Lemmerz Christian , Weiler Fabian , Marksteiner Uwe , Witschas Benjamin , Rahm Stephan , Schäfler Andreas , Reitebuch Oliver
Published: January 2018

Abstract. In preparation of the satellite mission Aeolus carried out by the European Space Agency, airborne wind lidar observations have been performed in the frame of the North Atlantic Waveguide and Downstream Impact Experiment (NAWDEX), employing the prototype of the satellite instrument, the ALADIN Airborne Demonstrator (A2D). The direct-detection Doppler wind lidar system is composed of a frequency-stabilised Nd:YAG laser operating at 355 nm, a Cassegrain telescope and a dual-channel receiver. The latter incorporates a Fizeau 10 interferometer and two sequential Fabry-Pérot interferometers to measure line-of-sight (LOS) wind speeds by analysing both Mie and Rayleigh backscatter signals. The benefit of the complementary design is demonstrated by airborne observations of strong wind shear related to the jet stream over the North Atlantic on 27 September and 4 October 2016, yielding high data coverage in diverse atmospheric conditions. The paper also highlights the relevance of accurate ground detection for the Rayleigh and Mie response calibration and wind retrieval. Using a 15 detection scheme developed for the NAWDEX campaign, the obtained ground return signals are exploited for the correction of systematic wind errors. Validation of the instrument performance and retrieval algorithms was conducted by comparison with DLR’s coherent wind lidar which was operated in parallel, showing a systematic error of the A2D LOS winds of less than 0.5 m s−1 and random errors from 1.5 m s−1 (Mie) to 2.7 m s−1 (Rayleigh).
Historic carbon burial spike in an Amazon floodplain lake linked to riparian deforestation near Santarém, Brazil
Authors: Sanders Luciana M. , Taffs Kathryn , Stokes Debra , Sanders Christian J. , Enrich-Prast Alex , Amora-Nogueira Leonardo , Marotta Humberto
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Forests along the Amazon Basin produce significant quantities of organic
material, a portion of which is deposited in floodplain lakes. Deforestation
in the watershed may then have potentially important effects on the carbon
fluxes. In this study, a sediment core was extracted from an Amazon
floodplain lake to examine the relationship between carbon burial and
changing land cover and land use. Historical records from the 1930s and satellite
data from the 1970s were used to calculate deforestation rates between 1930
to 1970 and 1970 to 2010 in four zones with different distances from the
margins of the lake and its tributaries (100, 500, 1000 and 6000 m
buffers). A sediment accumulation rate of ∼4 mm yr−1 for
the previous ∼120 years was determined from the 240+239Pu
signatures and the excess 210Pb method. The carbon burial rates
ranged between 85 and 298 gCm-2yr-1, with pulses of high
carbon burial in the 1950s, originating from the forest vegetation as
indicated by δ13C and δ15N signatures. Our
results revealed a potentially important spatial dependence of the organic carbon (OC) burial
in Amazon lacustrine sediments in relation to deforestation rates in the
catchment. These deforestation rates were more intense in the riparian
vegetation (100 m buffer) during the period 1930 to 1970 and the
larger open water areas (500, 1000 and 6000 m buffer) during 1970 to
2010. The continued removal of vegetation from the interior of the forest was
not related to the peak of OC burial in the lake, but only the riparian
deforestation which peaked during the 1950s. Therefore, this supports the
conservation priority of riparian forests as an important management practice
for Amazon flooded areas. Our findings suggest the importance of abrupt and
temporary events in which some of the biomass released by deforestation,
especially restricted to areas along open water edges, might reach the
depositional environments in the floodplain of the Amazon Basin.
A conceptual prediction model for seasonal drought processes using atmospheric and oceanic standardized anomalies: application to regional drought processes in China
Authors: Liu Zhenchen , Lu Guihua , He Hai , Wu Zhiyong , He Jian
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Reliable drought prediction is fundamental for water resource managers to
develop and implement drought mitigation measures. Considering that drought
development is closely related to the spatial–temporal evolution of
large-scale circulation patterns, we developed a conceptual prediction model
of seasonal drought processes based on atmospheric and oceanic standardized
anomalies (SAs). Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is first
applied to drought-related SAs at 200 and 500 hPa geopotential height (HGT)
and sea surface temperature (SST). Subsequently, SA-based predictors are
built based on the spatial pattern of the first EOF modes. This drought
prediction model is essentially the synchronous statistical relationship
between 90-day-accumulated atmospheric–oceanic SA-based predictors and SPI3
(3-month standardized precipitation index), calibrated using a simple
stepwise regression method. Predictor computation is based on forecast
atmospheric–oceanic products retrieved from the NCEP Climate Forecast System
Version 2 (CFSv2), indicating the lead time of the model depends on that of
CFSv2. The model can make seamless drought predictions for operational use
after a year-to-year calibration. Model application to four recent severe
regional drought processes in China indicates its good performance in
predicting seasonal drought development, despite its weakness in predicting
drought severity. Overall, the model can be a worthy reference for seasonal
water resource management in China.
Comparing thixotropic and Herschel–Bulkley parameterizations for continuum models of avalanches and subaqueous debris flows
Authors: Jeon Chan-Hoo , Hodges Ben R.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Avalanches and subaqueous debris flows are two cases of a wide
range of natural hazards that have been previously modeled with non-Newtonian
fluid mechanics approximating the interplay of forces associated with gravity
flows of granular and solid–liquid mixtures. The complex behaviors of such
flows at unsteady flow initiation (i.e., destruction of structural jamming)
and flow stalling (restructuralization) imply that the representative
viscosity–stress relationships should include hysteresis: there is no reason
to expect the timescale of microstructure destruction is the same as the
timescale of restructuralization. The non-Newtonian Herschel–Bulkley
relationship that has been previously used in such models implies complete
reversibility of the stress–strain relationship and thus cannot correctly
represent unsteady phases. In contrast, a thixotropic non-Newtonian model
allows representation of initial structural jamming and aging effects that
provide hysteresis in the stress–strain relationship. In this study, a
thixotropic model and a Herschel–Bulkley model are compared to each other and
to prior laboratory experiments that are representative of an avalanche and a
subaqueous debris flow. A numerical solver using a multi-material level-set
method is applied to track multiple interfaces simultaneously in the
simulations. The numerical results are validated with analytical solutions
and available experimental data using parameters selected based on the
experimental setup and without post hoc calibration. The thixotropic
(time-dependent) fluid model shows reasonable agreement with all the
experimental data. For most of the experimental conditions, the
Herschel–Bulkley (time-independent) model results were similar to the
thixotropic model, a critical exception being conditions with a high yield
stress where the Herschel–Bulkley model did not initiate flow. These results
indicate that the thixotropic relationship is promising for modeling unsteady
phases of debris flows and avalanches, but there is a need for better
understanding of the correct material parameters and parameters for the
initial structural jamming and characteristic time of aging, which requires
more detailed experimental data than presently available.
UAV-based mapping, back analysis and trajectory modeling of a coseismic rockfall in Lefkada island, Greece
Authors: Saroglou Charalampos , Asteriou Pavlos , Zekkos Dimitrios , Tsiambaos George , Clark Marin , Manousakis John
Published: January 2018

Abstract. We present field evidence and a kinematic study of a rock
block mobilized in the Ponti area by a Mw = 6.5 earthquake near the island of
Lefkada on 17 November 2015. A detailed survey was conducted using an
unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with an ultrahigh definition (UHD) camera,
which produced a high-resolution orthophoto and a digital terrain model (DTM).
The sequence of impact marks from the rock trajectory on the ground
surface was identified from the orthophoto and field verified. Earthquake
characteristics were used to estimate the acceleration of the rock slope and
the initial condition of the detached block. Using the impact points from
the measured rockfall trajectory, an analytical reconstruction of the
trajectory was undertaken, which led to insights on the coefficients of
restitution (CORs). The measured trajectory was compared with modeled rockfall
trajectories using recommended parameters. However, the actual trajectory
could not be accurately predicted, revealing limitations of existing
rockfall analysis software used in engineering practice.
Spatiotemporal variability of snow depth across the Eurasian continent from 1966 to 2012
Authors: Zhong Xinyue , Zhang Tingjun , Kang Shichang , Wang Kang , Zheng Lei , Hu Yuantao , Wang Huijuan
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Snow depth is one of the key physical parameters for understanding land surface energy balance, soil thermal regime, water cycle, and assessing water resources from local community to regional industrial water supply. Previous studies by using in situ data are mostly site specific; data from satellite remote sensing may cover a large area or global scale, but uncertainties remain large. The primary objective of this study is to investigate spatial variability and temporal change in snow depth across the Eurasian continent. Data used include long-term (1966–2012) ground-based measurements from 1814 stations. Spatially, long-term (1971–2000) mean annual snow depths of >20 cm were recorded in northeastern European Russia, the Yenisei River basin, Kamchatka Peninsula, and Sakhalin. Annual mean and maximum snow depth increased by 0.2 and 0.6 cm decade−1 from 1966 through 2012. Seasonally, monthly mean snow depth decreased in autumn and increased in winter and spring over the study period. Regionally, snow depth significantly increased in areas north of 50° N. Compared with air temperature, snowfall had greater influence on snow depth during November through March across the former Soviet Union. This study provides a baseline for snow depth climatology and changes across the Eurasian continent, which would significantly help to better understanding climate system and climate changes on regional, hemispheric, or even global scales.
THE RATIONALE OF HIGH VASCULAR LIGATION IN SURGERY FOR
LEFT SIDED COLON CANCER
Authors: Samalavičius Narimantas Evaldas , Dulskas Audrius , Ūselis Simonas , Smolskas Edgaras
Published: January 2018

Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate the
safety and adequacy of high vascular ligation while
performing surgery for left-sided colon cancer. We
performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively
collected data of patients operated laparoscopically
for sigmoid or descending colon cancer in a single
tertiary care institution over a period of 10 years.
Patients and methods. Between January 2007 and
December 2016 hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery
(HALS) was performed on 228 patients due to invasive
and histologically verified descending or sigmoid
colon cancer with high ligation of inferior mesenteric
artery and vein. Patients who had carcinoma in situ
were excluded. The following variables were collected
and prospectively studied: age, sex, cancer localization,
cancer stage, type of surgery, operative time,
lymph node harvest, intraoperative complications,
conversions, duration of hospital and postoperative
stay, postoperative complications occurring within
30 days. Complications were assessed by Clavien-
Dindo classification.
Results. Patient mean age was 64±10 years (range,
40 - 86). There were 112 females (49.1 %) and 116
males (50.9 %). A total of 149 (65.5 %) sigmoid colectomies
and 79 (34.5 %) left hemicolectomies have
been performed. There were total of 71 (31 %) patients
with stage I disease, 67 (29.7 %) – stage II, 65
(28.4 %) stage III and 25 (10.9 %) stage IV. Aerage
operative time was 105±39 minutes (range, 45-270).
Average harvested lymph node count was 16.5±10
(range, 10 - 90). Length of postoperative stay was
6.3±3.2 days (range, 1-30). Eleven (4.82 %) patients
had complications, three of them (1,3%) were reoperated.
There was no anastomotic leakage detected
in this group of patients.
Conclusions. Our data support the opinion, that high
vascular ligation while performing surgery for left
sided colon cancer is safe. Recorded lymphnode
harvest confirms oncological adequacy of such an
approach.
NAUJAS POŽIŪRIS Į SKUBIOS MEDICINOS PAGALBOS
KATEGORIJAS
Authors: Virketis Gintautas , Matutytė Veronika
Published: January 2018

Priėmimo ir skubios pagalbos skyrius yra ta vieta, į
kurią pirmiausia greitoji medicinos pagalba ar patys
pacientai kreipiasi dėl skubios medicinos pagalbos.
Šiuose skyriuose yra gyvybiškai svarbus tinkamas
paciento priskyrimas tam tikrai skubios medicinos pagalbos
kategorijai. Šiuo metu naudojamos 4 skubios
medicinos pagalbos kategorijos neatitinka praktinių
poreikių. Tyrimo rezultatai patvirtina, jog siekiant
efektyvesnio priėmimo ir skubios pagalbos skyrių
darbo, adekvataus pacientų pirminio sveikatos būklės
vertinimo bei nuo to priklausančio tolimesnio ištyrimo
ir gydymo, tikslinga pereiti nuo 4 iki 5 skubios
medicinos pagalbos kategorijų naudojimo.
Atliktas kiekybinis tyrimas anketinės apklausos metodu,
duomenų statistinė analizė, teorinis apibendrinimas.
Respondentai ‒ stacionarinių asmens sveikatos
priežiūros įstaigų ir greitosios medicinos pagalbos
įstaigų vadovai, reanimacijos ir intensyviosios terapijos
bei priėmimo ir skubios pagalbos skyrių vedėjai.
71% respondentų mano, jog paciento kritinės būklės
sąvoką atitinka tik 1 ir 2 skubios medicinos pagalbos
(SMP) kategorijose įvardintos klinikinės būklės.
68,1 proc. tyrime dalyvavusių respondentų pritaria
ar visiškai pritaria, kad vietoj 4 būtų 5 SMP kategorijos.
SMP kategorijoms apibūdinti respondentai
iš 9 pavadinimų išskyrė šiuos: kritinės būklės, labai
skubūs, skubūs, neskubūs, ambulatoriniai. 82,9 proc.
respondentų pritaria nuomonei, kad GMP lape būtų
žymimos SMP kategorijos.
Gyvybiškai būtina (gyvybei gelbėti ir išsaugoti) medicinos
pagalba nėra tas pats, kas medicinos pagalba
sveikatai gelbėti ir išsaugoti. 1 ir 2 SMP kategorijų
klinikinės būklės galėtų būti taikomos „gyvybei gelbėti
ir išsaugoti“ sąvokos apibūdinimui. Šiuo metu
naudojamos 4 skubios medicinos pagalbos kategorijos
nepritaikytos ambulatorinės skubios medicinos
pagalbos atvejams. Siūloma 5 SMP kategorijas su
atitinkamais pavadinimais ir pagalbos teikimo laiko
intervalais: kritinė būklė – nedelsiant (per 10 min.),
labai skubūs – 10-30 min., skubūs – nuo 30 min. iki
1 val., neskubūs – 1-2,5 val., ambulatoriniai – nuo 2,5
val. iki 4 val. Vienodas 5 SMP kategorijų taikymas
GMP ir PSPS sumažintų transportuojamų pacientų
srautus į PSPS.
FENOLINIŲ JUNGINIŲ KIEKIS IR ANTIRADIKALINIS AKTYVUMAS PRIESKONIUOSE OCIMUM BASILICUM (L.), ORIGANUM VULGARE (L.) IR ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS (L.)
Authors: Barragan Ferrer Diana , Barragan Ferrer Jesus Manuel , Drulytė Rugilė
Published: January 2018

Prieskoniniai (aromatiniai) augalai yra svarbus natūralių medžiagų šaltinis, juose yra daug antioksidantų – polifenolių, kurie svarbūs žmogaus organizmui: neutralizuoja žalingas reaktyvias deguonies ir azoto formas, sustiprina ląstelės antioksidantinės apsaugos sistemas bei padeda atkurti pažeistas struktūras. Per paskutinį dešimtmetį populiarėja prieskoninių augalų naudojimas ne tik kulinarijoje, bet ir medicinoje - gydymo tikslais. Tačiau prieskoniniuose augaluose esantys natūralūs junginiai, kurie pasižymi antioksidacinėmis savybėmis, gali skirtis nuo daugelio faktorių. Užsienio mokslininkų darbuose pateikti rezultatai tai ir atspindi. Norint išsiaiškinti prieskonių naudingumą, svarbu palyginti skirtingų rūšių ir kilmių biologines ypatybes, nes joms įtakos gali turėti skirtingos klimato sąlygos, augimo vietovė, prieskonių džiovinimo/paruošimo būdas ir ekstrakcijos laikas. Šio tyrimo tikslas nustatyti skirtingų kilmingumų, kvapiojo baziliko (Ocimum basilicum L.), paprastojo raudonėlio (Origanum vulgare L.) ir kvapiojo rozmarino (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) kokybę pagal bendrą fenolinių junginių kiekį ir antiradikalinį aktyvumą. Tyrimui buvo pasirinkti trijų rūšių prieskoniai iš skirtingų šalių: paprastasis raudonėlis (Lietuva, Ispanija, Gruzija, Kipras), kvapusis bazilikas (Lietuva, Ispanija, Gruzija, Egiptas), kvapusis rozmarinas (Lietuva, Ispanija, Sirija, Marokas). Iš gautų rezultatų nustatyta, kad didžiausias fenolinių junginių kiekis yra kilusio iš Gruzijos paprastojo raudonėlio augale ir kvapiojo baziliko, kurio kilmės šalis yra Egiptas. Stipriausias antiradikalinis aktyvumas modelinėje DPPH sistemoje nustatytas paprastojo raudonėlio ekstrakte, o mažiausias kvapiojo baziliko, kurių kilmės šalis Lietuva.
Authors: Piščalkienė Viktorija , Juozapavičienė Rasa , Smaidžiūnienė Dalė , Nemčiauskienė Diana , Rastenienė Vilma
Published: January 2018

Labai svarbu analizuoti problemas, kurios yra susijusios ne tik su sunkiai sergančių asmenų gerove, bet ir su jų artimųjų gyvenimo kokybės pokyčiais, kuriuos sąlygoja artimojo liga ir nuolatinė, dažnai reikalaujanti didelių resursų, priežiūra. Tyrimo tikslas - atskleisti šeimos globėjų, prižiūrinčių negalę turinčius asmenis, gyvenimo pokyčius ir pagalbos galimybes. Tiriamieji. Iš viso tyrime dalyvavo 75 asmenys, kurių amžius siekė nuo 20 iki 80 metų (amžiaus vidurkis – 55 metai). Globojamų asmenų amžius siekė nuo 26 iki 96 metų (amžiaus vidurkis 76 metai). Tyrimo metodai. Tyrimas buvo atliekamas vykdant pusiau struktūruotą interviu, kuriuo buvo siekiama išsiaiškinti gyvenimo pokyčius: darbinės veiklos, dalyvavimo visuomeniniame gyvenime, bendravimo, pomėgių pokyčių, egzistuojančių sunkumų, pagalbos poreikio ir konkrečių priemonių atžvilgiais. Tyrimo duomenys analizuojami taikant turinio (Content) analizės metodą. Rezultatai. Šeimos globėjai patiria vienokius ar kitokius gyvenimo pasikeitimus, kurie dažnai siejasi su profesine veikla: sumažinamas darbo krūvis, atsisako darbo, pablogėja jų darbo kokybė, reorganizuoja savo darbinę veiklą arba derina darbą su artimojo slauga. Kas antram tyrime dalyvavusiam šeimos globėjui bendravimas tapo ribotu: bendravimui tenka skirti mažiau laiko, pasikeitė bendravimo formos ir žmonės, su kuriais bendraujama, rečiau susitikinėjama su draugais. Artimojo globa pakeičia pomėgius, o kartais iš viso tenka jų atsisakyti. Artimieji susiduria su psichologinio, fizinio ir socialinio pobūdžio sunkumais. Tyrimo metu išryškėjo ir kita aktuali problema – slaugos ir socialinių paslaugų trūkumas. Dažnas namiškis įvardijo psichologinio pobūdžio sunkumus, tokius kaip sunku susitaikyti su neįgaliojo funkciniais ar asmenybiniais pokyčiais, jaučia artimojo netekties baimę, bejėgiškumą ir emocinį išsekimą. Pasitaiko atvejų, jog pastebi neigiamas aplinkinių reakcijas į neįgalų asmenį. Globėjai susiduria su sveikatos problemomis, ribotai dalyvauja socialiniame gyvenime.
NON - PHARMACOLOGICAL PAIN MANAGEMENT IN POSTOPERATIVE CARE OF SCHOOL - AGE CHILDREN
Authors: Goštautaitė Svajūnė , Piščalkienė Viktorija , Laanterä Sari , Uosukainen Leena
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate children‘s postoperative pain assessment and management methods applied in practice by nurses from Lithuania and Finland. Methods. Individual in - depth semi - structured interviews by non - probabilic snowball (network) and purposive sampling, data content analysis. 20 nurses in Lithuania and 5 nurses in Finland, who work at pediatric surgical and pediatric wards, where children after surgeries are treated. Results. The research has shown differences between postoperative school - age children‘s pain management practise by Lithuanian and Finnish nurses. Lithuanian nurses use smaller variety of these methods than nurses from Finland. All nurses agree that non - pharmacological children pain management is effective and useful. Conclusions. The usage of subjective and objective pain assessment methods by Finnish and Lithuanian nurses is similar, just Lithuanians mostly trust subjective verbal and objective behavioral, appearance pain assessment methods, whereas Finnish combine and use all the subjective pain assessment methods like verbal, parental assessment and using scales as well as objective behavioural assessment. There is a difference between pain management practise by Finnish and Lithuanian nurses. Finnish nurses evenly use all of non - pharmacological methods, whereas Lithuanian nurses mostly trust on physical and rehabilitation methods as well as communication.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SOCIAL ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND
TRAUMA DISCLOSURE
Authors: Kazlauskas Evaldas , Želvienė Paulina , Eimontas Jonas , Gegieckaitė Goda
Published: January 2018

Trauma disclosure can facilitate trauma recovery. However,
survivors might be reluctant to talk about their
traumatic experiences if they perceive that their experiences
are not acknowledged. We aimed to explore
how social acknowledgment is associated with trauma
disclosure in a sample of Lithuanian trauma survivors.
In total 189 survivors exposed to various traumatic
experiences participated in the study. Regression
analysis revealed that trauma survivors were
more willing to disclose their traumatic experiences
when they perceived more social recognition and less
disapproval from others. We conclude that our study
indicates the importance of social acknowledgment
for trauma disclosure among trauma survivors.
JUDĖJIMO NEGALIĄ TURINČIŲ ASMENŲ PSICHOLOGINIŲ RESURSŲ REIKŠMĖ PRISITAIKYMUI PRIE NEGALIOS
Authors: Alčiauskaitė Laura , Šinkariova Liuda
Published: January 2018

Pastaraisiais metais didėja susidomėjimas judėjimo negalią turinčių asmenų psichologiniais resursais, tačiau neretai šie tyrimai apsiriboja pavienio konstrukto analize. Kiekvienas tyrimas išskiria vis naujus neįgaliajam svarbius resursus, o tokia reiškinių gausa ne palengvina, o apsunkina vidinių resursų supratimą, suvokimą ir matavimą. Tad šio darbo tikslas – išskirti psichologinius resursus, reikšmingus judėjimo negalią turinčių asmenų prisitaikymui prie negalios. Šio tyrimo metu atrinkti 45 moksliniai darbai, kuriuose buvo analizuojamos judėjimo negalią turinčių asmenų psichologinių resursų ir prisitaikymo prie negalios aspektų tarpusavio sąsajos. Dažniausiai nagrinėjami psichologiniai resursai – suvokiama socialinė parama, saviveiksmingumas, streso įveikos strategijos ir savivertė, iš kurių visi, išskyrus savivertę, siejasi su fiziniais, psichologiniais bei socialiniais prisitaikymo prie negalios aspektais.
ATRANKINĖS MAMOGRAFINĖS PATIKROS VYKDYMO PATIRTIS
NACIONALINIAME VĖŽIO INSTITUTE
Authors: Steponavičienė Laura , Briedienė Rūta , Šenbergė Sigutė , Gudavičienė Daiva , Smailytė Giedrė
Published: January 2018

Atrankinės mamografinės patikros tikslas – nustatyti
krūties vėžį anksti, kol jis dar nesukelia simptomų ir
kai specifinis gydymas gali būti maksimaliai efektyvus.
Nustatyta, kad mirtingumas vykdant atrankinę
mamografinę patikrą gali sumažėti 20–35 %. Nors pagal
atrankinę patikros programą atliktų mamogramų
nauda yra akivaizdi, ne mažiau svarbu nuolatinė atrankinės
mamografinės patikros programos (AMPP)
vykdymo priežiūra nuo pat jos įdiegimo pradžios.
Iki šiol nebuvo atlikta išsamių darbų, kuriuose būtų
vertinama Lietuvoje vykdomos AMPP eiga bei efektyvumo
rodikliai. Šio straipsnio tikslas apibendrinti
AMPP vykdymo patirtį Nacionaliniame vėžio institute
(NVI), kaip viename didžiausių pagal AMPP atliekančių
mamogramas ir jų vertinimo paslaugas teikiančių
centrų, bei apibūdinti pagrindinius šiuo metu
vykdomos AMPP rodiklius, identifikuoti dažniausiai
pasitaikančias problemas. Šio tyrimo metu atlikta retrospektyvinė
duomenų analizė. Vertinti 2006–2016
metais NVI pagal AMPP atliktų mamogramų duomenys.
Tyrimo metu vertinta mamogramų atlikimo
ir vertinimo dinamika, atliktų papildomų tyrimų skaičius,
nustatytų piktybinių navikų skaičius, pasiskirstymas
pagal stadiją. Atskirai analizuoti intervaliniai
navikai. Mūsų atlikta NVI sukauptų duomenų analizė
parodė, kad atrankinė mamografinė patikra ne visada
naudojama pagal paskirtį – pasitikrinti pagal AMPP
neretai siųstos gydytos dėl krūties vėžio ar akivaizdžių
krūties simptomų turinčios moterys. Vykdant
programą NVI net 19 % navikų nustatyti pažengusios
stadijos ir tik 46 % pirmos stadijos, kas neatitinka
programos vykdymo rekomendacijų.
SLAUGYTOJŲ ŽINIOS APIE VAIKŲ SKAUSMO VERTINIMĄ
Authors: Kostyliovienė Silva , Žiobaitė Gintarė , Urbonavičiūtė-Mikelkevičienė Laura , Vaškelytė Alina , Grinkevičiūtė Dovilė
Published: January 2018

Skausmas yra vienas iš dažniausių simptomų, su kuriuo
susiduria slaugytojai, slaugydami vaikus ligoninėse.
Slaugytojams reikia turėti kompetencijos nuspręsti,
kokį skausmo vertinimo instrumentą taikyti, į
kokius aspektus atsižvelgti skausmo vertinimo metu.
Mokslinių tyrimų rezultatai rodo, kad slaugytojų žinios
apie vaikų skausmo vertinimą yra nepakankamos.
Šio tyrimo tikslas buvo išanalizuoti slaugytojų
žinias apie vaikų skausmo vertinimą. Anketinė apklausa
atlikta 2016 m. vienoje iš didžiausių Lietuvos
ligoninių vaikų chirurgijos (v. ch.) ir dviejuose vaikų
ligų (v. l.) skyriuose. Tyrime dalyvavo 61 slaugytojas.
Rezultatai. Buvo nustatyta, kad didesnė dalis respondentų,
dirbančių I v. l. sk. (87,5 proc.) ir II v.
l. sk. (66,7 proc.), teigė, jog skausmo intensyvumą
tiksliausia įvardins pats pacientas, tačiau taip nurodė
apie pusę (54,5 proc.) v. ch. sk. dirbančių respondentų
(p=0,042). Dauguma (70,0 proc.) respondentų, dirbančių
I v. l. sk. nurodė skausmo vertinimui naudojantys
skales, tuo tarpu arti pusės (44,0 proc.) II v. l.
sk. ir arti trečdalio (36,0 proc.) v. ch. sk. dirbančių
respondentų skausmo skales naudojo reikalui esant
(p=0,003). Didesnė dalis respondentų, dirbančių II v.
l. sk. (80,0 proc.) ir v. ch. sk. (63,6 proc.), naudojo
žodinę skausmo skalę, tuo tarpu tik apie pusė (45,8
proc.) I v. l. sk. dirbančių respondentų nurodė naudojantys
šią skausmo skalę. Wong - Bakker veidelių
išraiškos skalę skausmo vertinimui naudojo reikšmingai
didesnė dalis respondentų, dirbančių I v. l. sk.
(70,8 proc.) ir v. ch. sk. (54,5 proc.), lyginant su II v.
l. sk. (13,3 proc.) dirbančiaisiais (p=0,003).
A Study of Work Satisfaction, Burnout and other Work-Related Variables Among Hungarian Educators
Authors: Pikó Bettina F. , Mihálka Mária
Published: January 2018

The main goal of the present study was to investigate, based on the Job Demands-Resources Model, a set of work-related variables as possible correlates (either as job demands or resources) of work satisfaction in a sample of Hungarian educators (N = 2,068, aged between 23-74 years, mean = 48.1 and S.D. = 8.9; 83% females). Results report that in this sample of Hungarian educators, their work satisfaction is closely related to the presence of burnout (particularly emotional exhaustion) and it is also influenced by role conflicts and role ambiguity in their workplace; whereas work-family conflict and work time demands do not play a role. On the other hand, educators- work satisfaction may be protected by certain job resources such as satisfaction with professional prestige, work social support and work involvement. Satisfaction with salary and work policy was not significant. Findings suggest that interventions at both individual and organisational level should be necessary, e.g. learning effective coping techniques to prevent burnout and increase work satisfaction well before the start of an educator-s career. The organisational interventions should strengthen job resources and eliminate/decrease job demands.
Conservation and Reconstruction in the Tomb of Karakhamun, 2012-141
Authors: Pischikova Elena , Hussein Ahmed Ali , Phillips Afaf Fathallah , Ali Abdelrazk Mohamed
Published: January 2018

This chapter describes the conservation and reconstruction work carried out in the tomb of Karakhamun during the period 2012–2014. Full reconstruction of the tomb of Karakhamun in the South Asasif necropolis was carried out continuously following the excavation of the damaged areas. So far, one pillar and two pilasters, featuring the text of the Book of the Dead chapters (BD) 58, 72, 82, 92, 94, 106, and 119 and the Tenth–Twelfth Hours of the Day were reconstructed in the western section of the First Pillared Hall. The chapter also discusses the reconstruction of the area of the Tornische, the architectural and decorative features of the Second Pillared Hall in the tomb, and the conservation of the burial chamber and vestibule in the same tomb.
The Discovery of the Papyri from Tura at Dayr al-Qusayr (Dayr Arsaniyus) and Its Legacy
Authors: Schroeder Caroline T.
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the significant papyri find in the ancient St. Arsenius monastery in Tura, which yielded a wealth of writings in Greek from one of the most prominent heads of the Theological School of Alexandria, Didymus the Blind. Didymus has rarely received the scholarly attention one would expect for someone with such a high reputation in antiquity and with such a prodigious output of texts to study. His legacy in historiography has been affected by the perception that he is either an unoriginal thinker or a heretic. In both his commentaries and his treatises, Didymus defends Christianity and his definition of orthodoxy in debates with pagan philosophers and “heretics.” However, the ideas he developed in defending Christianity (such as allegorical exegesis) were the very things by which his ideas were judged heresy after his death by the Greek and Roman churches.
Nitria
Authors: Sheridan Mark
Published: January 2018

This chapter surveys the history of monasticism in the region of Nitria based on the literary sources available. The principal literary sources for the monastic settlement of Nitria include Rufinus' continuation of Eusebius' Ecclesiastical History up to the death of Theodosius (401–403), the Historia monachorum in Aegypto (395?) in Greek and Rufinus' Latin translation of the same work (404), and the Lausiac Historyof Palladius some twenty years later (420?). There are earlier briefer notices, such as Antony's vision of the death of Ammoun recorded in the Life of Antony, ch. 60 (357?) and Jerome's mention of Macarius, Isidore, and Pambo in his Letter 22 written in 384.
Yuhanna al-Samannudi, the Founder of National Coptic Philology in the Middle Ages
Authors: Sidarus Adel
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines Yuhanna al-Samannudi's pioneering contribution to Coptic philology, which documented the fundamentals of the Coptic language to preserve it for generations to come. Nothing definite is known about this bishop of Samannud before his consecration by Patriarch Kyrillos III Ibn Laqlaq on June 29, 1235, at St. Mercurius/Abu Sayfayn Church in Old Cairo. Considering the crystallized form “Yuhanna al-Samannudi”—or simply “al-Samannudi”—which prevailed among his contemporary and coreligionist writers and philologists, it may be assumed he had published his grammar known as al-Muqaddima al-samannudiya, together with his Sullam kana'si, sometimes named al-Sullam al-samannudi, before his consecration as bishop.
The Veneration of Anba Hadid and the Nile Delta in the Thirteenth Century
Authors: Tsuji Asuka
Published: January 2018

This chapter discusses the life of a little-known saint, Hadid, who resided in the Nile Delta in the thirteenth century, and some aspects of the Christian demography of the northwestern part of Lower Egypt during his life. Anba Hadid was born in Sinjar on Lake Burullus and spent most of his life as a priest in the village of Nutubis al-Rumman, located north of Fuwwa on the Rashidi branch of the Nile. He died in 1286. The seemingly unremarkable character of Hadid's life and miracles suggests that there were other local saints like him during the Islamic period whose stories are not recorded.
Kellia and Monastic Epigraphy
Authors: van der Vliet Jacques
Published: January 2018

Since the 1960s, hundreds of Greek and Coptic graffiti and dipinti of varying length, contents, and interest that have been discovered by French and Swiss missions at the various monastic settlements in and near Kellia. Instead of focusing on the more or less interesting contents of the inscriptions, This chapter proposes a reading of the Kellia inscriptions as monastic epigraphy, that is, as witnesses to monastic life and practices. It first briefly sketches the characteristics of what could be called the “monastic revolution” in epigraphy. It then presents three examples from the Kellia corpus of mural inscriptions to illustrate specific aspects of monastic epigraphy as it was part of the cultural practices of northern Egyptian monasticism. It ends with some conclusions that will not confirm the interpretation of the Kellia graffti as acts of vandalism.
Abusir of Sons of the Sun
Authors: Verner Miroslav
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the influence of the town of Heliopolis—the center of the sun cult in Egypt—on the foundation and development of the royal cemetery in Abusir. It begins with an overview of the history and meaning of the sun cult in ancient Egypt, showing that sun worship in the Nile Valley can be traced to prehistory. It then describes some pyramid complexes built in ancient Heliopolis, including the pyramid complex of Sahure, and the decline of the Abusir necropolis. It also discusses the decline of the Fourth Dynasty and the rise of the Fifth Dynasty; the mystery surrounding three royal mothers, all named Khentkaus; the papyri as fragmentary records of the Abusir pyramid temple administration and economy; Ptashshepses, the vizier and son-in-law of Nyuserre; and the funerary cult of the kings buried at Abusir. The chapter concludes with an assessment of sun temples of the Fifth Dynasty kings.
South Abusir
Authors: Verner Miroslav
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on South Abusir, the southern section of the Czech archaeological concession in the Memphite necropolis. It first describes the Valley of Abusir, which is supposed to have been the easiest access way to the Saqqara cemetery, and how the North Saqqara escarpment and the Lake of Abusir not only dominated but also helped shape the archaeological landscape of South Abusir. It then looks at the Lake of Abusir and its surroundings in the Early Dynastic Period and Old Kingdom, along with the mastabas of Fifth Dynasty officials such as Kaaper and Neferinpu. It also discusses tombs found in South Abusir, including the tomb of Fetekti, the tomb of Meryheryshefpepy, and the tomb complex of Qar.
A Love of Learning
Authors: Simaika Samir , Henein Nevine
Published: January 2018

This chapter describes Marcus Simaika's early education. Marcus began his education at the Coptic Patriarchal School, founded by Patriarch Cyril IV and entirely maintained by the Coptic patriarchate. At school, Marcus studied the Bible and learned Coptic, Greek, and Arabic. His father forbade him to learn any European languages, believing that they would distract Marcus from ecclesiastic studies and interfere with his plan of consecrating him to the service of the Church. In his memoirs, Marcus recollects most of his teachers, including Sheikh Muhammad al-Kinawi, his Arabic language teacher, and Mikhail Effendi Abd al-Sayed, his English teacher. The chapter also discusses Marcus's time at the Collège des frères des écoles chrétiennes, where he studied the French language.
The Awakening of the Coptic Church
Authors: Simaika Samir , Henein Nevine
Published: January 2018

This chapter discusses Marcus Simaika's role in the reformist movement within the Coptic Orthodox Church. To understand the position of the Copts in Egypt during Simaika's lifetime, it is important to revisit the year 1854, when Said Pasha, son of Muhammad Ali Pasha, became wali (viceroy) of Egypt. In that same year, Cyril IV ascended to the patriarchal throne as the 110th successor to Saint Mark. Two years later, the Hatt-i Humayon, the most important Turkish reform edict of the nineteenth century, was decreed by Sultan Abd al-Mejid I. This edict established community councils for Christian and other non-Muslim communities. Simaika became a member of the community council, or majlis milli, in 1889 and became involved in the campaign for church reform. The chapter examines Cyril V's banishment and triumphant return and the subsequent defeat of the reformist movement within the Coptic Church.
Recognition
Authors: Simaika Samir , Henein Nevine
Published: January 2018

This chapter discusses the recognition of Marcus Simaika's work both at home and abroad. Among other accolades, Simaika was made an Honorary Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London, a Fellow of the British Society of Archaeologists, and a Member of the British Royal Geographic Society in 1917. In 1923, M. Georges Foucart, the Ministère de l'instruction publique et des cultes of France, presented to the library of the Coptic Museum all their publications on Coptic studies. Similar donations were made by the authorities of the British Museum. Furthermore, Simaika was invited to lecture at Cambridge University in 1924 on Coptic art and archaeology and at the University of Stockholm on Coptic art. On February 20, 1947, three years after Simaika's death, a ceremony was held at the Coptic Museum to inaugurate a new hall and to unveil the bust of Marcus Pasha Simaika.