bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Пролежні м’яких тканин у хворих на цукровий діабет 2-го типу: клінічні стратегії, показники інсулінорезистентності та аспекти комплексного лікування
Authors: Vergun A.R. , Krasnyi M.R. , Chulovsky Ya.B. , Vergun O.M. , Moshchynska O.M.
Published: October 2016

Вступ. Причинами виникнення пролежневих трофічних виразок є ішемія та нейротрофічні зміни тканин, викликані їх тривалою хронічною компресією, постійним патологічним зволоженням та зсувом тканин, що детермінує виникнення локальної ішемії. Мета роботи: дослідити клінічні варіанти та гнійні ускладнення пролежнів у хворих на цукровий діабет (ЦД) 2-го типу з позицій наявності інсулінорезистентності (ІР) у контексті оптимізації комплексного лікування. Матеріали і методи. Загальну вибірку ретро- та проспективного аналізу становили результати комплексного лікування 112 пацієнтів. Наявність ЦД 2-го типу пiдтверджено в 37 пацієнтів, 27 пацієнтів iз пролежнями без ускладнень (І–ІІІ стадії) та ЦД становили І групу порівняння, iз пролежнями IV стадії — ІІ групу порівняння, інші 75 осiб — групу контролю. Результати. У хворих на ЦД 2-го типу (І група порівняння) спостерігалося вірогідно значуще зменшення НОМА-індексу функції β-клітин та збільшення НОМА-індексу ІР (8,31 ± 0,02, р < 0,01). У хворих на ЦД 2-го типу з наявністю ускладнених пролежнів (ІІ група порівняння) зареєстровано більш значне підвищення показників циркулюючого інсуліну (p2 < 0,01), НОМА-індексу ІР (p2 < 0,05) та значне зменшення НОМА-індексу функції β-клітин (р < 0,05). При проведенні кореляційного аналізу показникiв НОМА-ІР та концентрації елементів у крові кореляційний зв’язок був встановлений тільки у хворих на ЦД 2-го типу (І та ІІ групи порівняння): між показником НОМА-ІР та вмістом Mg2+ в еритроцитах виявлено негативний сильний кореляційний зв’язок (r = –0,72; Р < 0,01), між НОМА-ІР та концентрацією Zn2+ у сироватці крові — негативний зв’язок середньої сили (r = –0,66; p < 0,01) та між НОМА-ІР й рівнем Cr3+ у сироватці крові — негативний кореляційний (r = –0,69; p < 0,01). Висновки. Перевагою запропонованої класифікації пролежнів м’яких тканин та послідовності комплексного лікування є врахування особливостей патогенезу, морфогенезу та клінічного перебігу пролежнів з ускладненнями, які мають вплив на перебіг загоєння та потребують адекватних стратегій лікування гнійних ран — TIME і DOMINATE, що, на нашу думку, детермінує можливість впровадження в клінічну практику відділень паліативної допомоги, інших стаціонарних та амбулаторних закладів охорони здоров’я.
Вплив призначення вітаміну D на рівень антитіл до тиреоїдної пероксидази у хворих на гіпотиреоз автоімунного генезу
Authors: Pan’kiv I.V.
Published: October 2016

Незважаючи на вивчення взаємозв’язків між дефіцитом і недостатністю вітаміну D з автоімунною тиреоїдною патологією, вплив додаткового призначення препаратів цього вітаміну при такій патології не з’ясований. Метою дослідження було вивчення впливу вітаміну D на вміст антитіл до тиреоїдної пероксидази (ТПО) у хворих на вперше виявлений гіпотиреоз на ґрунті автоімунного тиреоїдиту (АІТ). Матеріали та методи. Під спостереженням перебували 52 пацієнти із вперше виявленим гіпотиреозом на ґрунті АІТ, які були рандомізовані на дві групи. Хворі першої групи додатково отримували холекальциферол у дозі 2000 МО/добу (14 000 МО/тижд) і препарати кальцію в дозі 1000 мг/добу протягом 12 тижнів. Хворим другої групи було призначено на тлі левотироксину лише препарати кальцію в дозі 1000 мг/добу протягом 12 тижнів. Позитивним результатом лікування вважали зниження титру антитіл до ТПО принаймні на 25 %. Результати. У 94,2 % хворих на гіпотиреоз установлено дефіцит і недостатність вітаміну D. У хворих на гіпотиреоз відзначається вірогідна негативна кореляція між рівнем 25(ОН)D і титром антитіл до ТПО (r = –0,172; р = 0,046). Додаткове призначення вітаміну D призвело до вірогідного зниження рівня антитіл до ТПО (–48,1 %) у хворих на гіпотиреоз. Загалом зменшення рівня антитіл до ТПО на 25 % і більше досягнуто в 73,1 % хворих. Призначення препарату вітаміну D сприяло вірогідному підвищенню вмісту 25(OH)D у сироватці крові з відповідним зниженням концентрації інтактного паратгормону у хворих на гіпотиреоз на ґрунті АІТ. Висновки. Установлено позитивний вплив додаткового призначення вітаміну D на рівень антитіл до ТПО у хворих на гіпотиреоз автоімунного генезу.
Проблеми дефіциту та недостатності вітаміну D в українській та португальській популяціях: основні питання
Authors: Kuprinenko N.
Published: October 2016

В огляді представлені ключові питання, які розглядалися під час робочого засідання з питань дефіциту та недостатності вітаміну D, організованого та проведеного в м. Лісабон (Португалія) спільними зусиллями професора ендокринології Mário Rui Mascarenhas (медичний факультет Університету Лісабону, Santa Maria Hospital), президента Португальського товариства остеопорозу та метаболічних захворювань кісток (SPODOM — Portuguese Society of Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolic Diseases) Ana Paula Barbosa та президента українського підрозділу EVIDAS (European Vitamin D Association Scientific society), президента Української асоціації остеопорозу професора В.В. Поворознюка.
Potencialidade da consorciação de gramíneas e leguminosas forrageiras em pastagens tropicais
Authors: Simioni Tiago Adriano , Gomes Fagner Junior , Teixeira Ubiara Henrique Gomes , Fernandes Geferson Antonio , Botini Leonardo Antonio , Mousquer Claudio Jonasson , Castro Wanderson José Rodrigues de , Hoffmann Alvair
Published: October 2016

Intercropping is the practice of associating in the same area by planting various crops to increase yield, enrich the biological life of the soil and protect against erosion. However, the establishment and management of the consortium should be prioritized, as legumes and tropical grasses exhibit striking morphological and physiological differences, necessitating a consortium with resilience and harmony for the success of the system. Among the benefits of legumes can highlight the biological nitrogen fixation and transfer to grasses, directly or indirectly, increase soil fertility, improvements in animal production and reducing production costs. However, some factors imply limitations to adoption of intercropping, as the availability of adapted germplasm, agronomic and ecophysiological factors, as well as lack of knowledge about the technique and system acceptance. Meanwhile, the outlook for the coming decades, fully justify the investment in research aimed at increasing the production of ruminants in mixed pastures of grasses and legumes, which fits perfectly into the philosophy of intensification of livestock production sustainably, both in the tropics as in temperate countries.
Unpredictability of soft tissue changes after camouflage treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion with maximum anterior retraction using miniscrews
Authors: Kim Kayoung , Choi Sung-Hwan , Choi Eun-Hee , Choi Yoon-Jeong , Hwang Chung-Ju , Cha Jung-Yul
Published: October 2016

Objective: To compare soft and hard tissue responses based on the degree of maxillary incisor retraction using maximum anchorage in patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective study sample was divided into moderate retraction (<8.0 mm; n = 28) and maximum retraction (≥8.0 mm; n = 29) groups based on the amount of maxillary incisor retraction after extraction of the maxillary and mandibular first premolars for camouflage treatment. Pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were analyzed.

Results: There were 2.3 mm and 3.0 mm of upper and lower lip retraction, respectively, in the moderate group; and 4.0 mm and 5.3 mm, respectively, in the maximum group. In the moderate group, the upper lip was most influenced by posterior movement of the cervical point of the maxillary incisor (β = 0.94). The lower lip was most influenced by posterior movement of B-point (β = 0.84) and the cervical point of the mandibular incisor (β = 0.83). Prediction was difficult in the maximum group; no variable showed a significant influence on upper lip changes. The lower lip was highly influenced by posterior movement of the cervical point of the maxillary incisor (β = 0.50), but this correlation was weak in the maximum group.

Conclusions: Posterior movement of the cervical point of the anterior teeth is necessary for increased lip retraction. However, periodic evaluation of the lip profile is needed during maximum retraction of the anterior teeth because of limitations in predicting soft tissue responses.
Effectiveness of HypoAware, a Brief Partly Web-Based Psychoeducational Intervention for Adults With Type 1 and Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes and Problematic Hypoglycemia: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rondags Stefanie M.P.A. , de Wit Maartje , Twisk Jos W. , Snoek Frank J.
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE

To establish the effectiveness of a brief, partly web-based group intervention, HypoAware, in patients with problematic hypoglycemia, in terms of the reduction of severe hypoglycemic episodes, impaired hypoglycemia awareness, and worries.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A two-arm, cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in insulin-treated patients with problematic hypoglycemia in eight Dutch clinics comparing HypoAware with care as usual. Primary outcomes included self-reported severe hypoglycemia, impaired hypoglycemia awareness (Gold score), and worries and distress about hypoglycemia (Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-II/Problem Areas In Diabetes scale hypo-item), assessed at baseline, and at 2, 4, and 6 months of follow-up. We used t tests, nonparametric tests, and intention-to-treat generalized estimation equation (GEE) analyses with linear, logistic, and Poisson or negative binomial models.

RESULTS

We enrolled 137 participants. Adjusted GEE analyses over four time points showed a nonsignificant 33% fewer episodes of severe hypoglycemia in the HypoAware group compared with the control group (relative risk [RR] 0.67 [95% CI 0.39–1.16], P = 0.150); a significant reduced odds of impaired awareness (odds ratio 0.38 [95% CI 0.15–0.95], P = 0.038), a trend toward 20% fewer worries about hypoglycemia (RR 0.80 [95% CI 0.64–1.01], P = 0.059), and a significant 30% less hypo-distress (RR 0.70 [95% CI 0.56–0.88], P = 0.002). Over the 6-month study duration, participants experienced a median of 2.5 events of severe hypoglycemia (interquartile range [IQR] 1–10) in the control condition versus 1 event (IQR 0–6.5) in the HypoAware group (P = 0.030). There was no significant change in HbA1c level within and between both groups.

CONCLUSIONS

HypoAware resulted in fewer severe hypoglycemic episodes, significantly improved hypoglycemia awareness, and less hypo-distress in comparison with usual care, and deserves further dissemination.
Effects of perioperative topical dorzolamide hydrochloride–timolol maleate administration on incidence and severity of postoperative ocular hypertension in dogs undergoing cataract extraction by phacoemulsification
Authors: Matusow Rachel B. , Herring Ian P. , Pickett J. Phillip , Henao-Guerrero Natalia , Werre Stephen R.
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of topically applied 2% dorzolamide hydrochloride–0.5% timolol maleate ophthalmic solution (DHTM) on incidence and severity of postoperative ocular hypertension (POH; ie, intraocular pressure [IOP] > 25 mm Hg) in dogs undergoing cataract extraction by phacoemulsification.

DESIGN Randomized, masked, controlled study.

ANIMALS 103 dogs (180 eyes).

PROCEDURES Pertinent history, signalment, and ophthalmic examination findings were recorded. Dogs received 1 drop of DHTM or sham treatment solution (sterile, buffered, isotonic eye drops) in both eyes 14 hours and 2 hours before anesthetic induction and at the time of corneal incision closure (ie, end of surgery); IOPs were assessed by rebound tonometry 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after surgery and between 7:30 and 8:00 am on the following day. Dogs with IOPs of 26 to 45 mm Hg received 1 drop of 0.005% latanoprost solution topically; the surgeon's treatment of choice was used for dogs with IOPs > 45 mm Hg. Incidence of POH and postoperative IOPs were compared between treatment groups.

RESULTS DHTM treatment resulted in significantly lower incidence of POH than did sham treatment at the level of the dog (18/53 [34%] vs 31/50 [62%]) and the eye (24/94 [26%] vs 42/86 [48%]). Mean IOP did not differ between groups at the time of POH detection. The DHTM-treated eyes that developed POH were significantly more likely to have a 1-hour follow-up IOP < 25 mm Hg after latanoprost administration than were sham-treated eyes (19/25 [76%] vs 18/35 [51%]; OR, 3.87).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Multidose perioperative administration of DHTM in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification reduced the incidence of POH and improved responsiveness of POH to latanoprost treatment.
Primary nodal hemangiosarcoma in four dogs
Authors: Chan Catherine M. , Zwahlen Courtney H. , de Lorimier Louis-Philippe , Yeomans Stephen M. , Hoffmann Karon L. , Moore Antony S.
Published: October 2016

CASE DESCRIPTION 4 dogs with a slow-growing mass in the cervical region were evaluated.

CLINICAL FINDINGS All dogs had no clinical signs at the time of the evaluation. There was no apparent evidence of visceral metastases or other primary tumor based on available CT or MRI data for any dog.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME For each dog, surgery to remove the mass was performed. Histologic examination of the excised tissue revealed a completely excised grade 1 or 2 lymph node hemangiosarcoma. All dogs received adjuvant chemotherapy; 2 dogs underwent curative intent chemotherapy, 1 dog underwent metronomic treatment with cyclophosphamide, and 1 dog underwent metronomic treatment with chlorambucil. The survival time was 259 days in 1 dog; 3 dogs were still alive 615, 399, and 365 days after surgery.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE Primary nodal hemangiosarcoma in dogs is a rare and, to the authors' knowledge, previously undescribed disease that appears to develop in the cervical lymph nodes as a slow-growing mass or masses. Surgical excision and adjunct treatment resulted in long survival times for 3 of the 4 dogs of the present report. Given the aggressive biologic behavior of hemangiosarcomas in other body locations, adjunct chemotherapy should be considered for affected dogs, although its role in the cases described in this report was unclear. Additional clinical information is required to further characterize the biologic behavior of this tumor type and determine the expected survival times and associated risk factors in dogs.
Ten-year survival of Ugandan infants after myelomeningocele closure
Authors: Sims-Williams Helen J. , Sims-Williams Hugh P. , Kabachelor Edith Mbabazi , Fotheringham James , Warf Benjamin C.
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE

Myelomeningocele (MM) is a neural tube defect complicated by neurological deficits below the level of the spinal lesion and, in many cases, hydrocephalus. Long-term survival of infants treated for MM in a low- and middle-income country has never been reported. This retrospective cohort study reports 10-year outcomes and factors affecting survival for infants undergoing MM repair at CURE Children's Hospital of Uganda.

METHODS

Patients were traced by telephone or home visit. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate survival was analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model, investigating the following variables: sex, age at surgery, weight-for-age at surgery, motor level, and presence and management of hydrocephalus.

RESULTS

A total of 145 children underwent MM repair between 2000 and 2004; complete data were available for 133 patients. The probability of 10-year survival was 55%, with 78% of deaths occurring in the first 5 years. Most of the deaths were not directly related to MM; infection and neglect were most commonly described. Lesions at motor level L-2 or above were associated with increased mortality (HR 3.176, 95% CI 1.557–6.476). Compared with repair within 48 hours of birth, surgery at 15–29 days was associated with increased mortality (HR 9.091, 95% CI 1.169–70.698).

CONCLUSIONS

Infants in low- and middle-income countries with MM can have long-term survival with basic surgical intervention. Motor level and age at surgery were significant factors influencing outcome. Education of local health care workers and families to ensure both urgent referral for initial treatment and subsequent access to basic medical care are essential to survival.
Percutaneous transoral clivoplasty and upper cervical vertebroplasties for multifocal skeletal lymphangiomatosis resulting in complete resolution of pain: case report
Authors: Wright Christina Huang , Kusyk Dorian , Rosenberg William S. , Sweet Jennifer A.
Published: October 2016

Lymphangiomatosis is a rare congenital disorder that results in multiorgan system lymphatic invasion. Symptoms due to axial skeletal involvement can range from chronic bone pain to severe deformity resulting in radiculopathy, myelopathy, and even paralysis. The authors present a case of lymphangiomatosis of the clivus, C-1, and C-2, resulting in chronic pain. The patient was successfully treated with percutaneous transoral clivoplasty and vertebroplasty, without disease progression or return of symptoms at 2 years.
Stage dependent nutritional regulation of transgenerational longevity
Authors: Roussou Ilianna G. , Savakis Charalambos , Tavernarakis Nektarios , Metaxakis Athanasios
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND: Statistical analyses in human populations have associated limited food availability during development with increased longevity of next generations. In support, recent findings in Caenorhabditis elegans revealed nutritional effects on transgenerational longevity.

OBJECTIVES: In this study we tested the effect of nutrition on longevity of future generations in Drosophila and whether this is sex-specific.

METHODS: We reared male larvae and adults of Drosophila under different food conditions and performed lifespan analyses in F2 generation.

RESULTS: Grandsons of males which experienced starvation through larval stages were long-lived and grandsons of well fed larvae were short lived, in two Drosophila strains. In one strain, the nutritional effect on transgenerational longevity was transmitted through male line. Interestingly, we find that dietary restriction in adult males is the main nutritional condition affecting lifespan of grandsons.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that nutritional regulation of transgenerational longevity is evolutionarily conserved and developmental stage – dependent in Drosophila.
High-flavonoid intake induces cognitive improvements linked to changes in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor: Two randomised, controlled trials
Authors: Neshatdoust Sara , Saunders Caroline , Castle Sophie M. , Vauzour David , Williams Claire , Butler Laurie , Lovegrove Julie A. , Spencer Jeremy P. E.
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND: Recent clinical studies have indicated the beneficial impact of dietary flavonoid intake on human cognitive performance. Although the mechanisms that mediate such improvements are currently unclear, animal and human trial data suggest that changes in neurotrophin expression, and related signalling apparatus, may be involved.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the link between changes in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and changes in human cognitive performance following flavonoid intake.

METHODS: The relationship between serum levels of BDNF and age, gender, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure and cognition at baseline, and following flavonoid intake, was investigated in two distinct randomised, controlled clinical trials. Trial 1 was conducted in men and women (aged 26–70 y; consuming an average of 3 portions of fruit and vegetables per day) and delivered high-flavonoid (>15 mg/100 g) or low-flavonoid (<5 mg/100 g) fruit and vegetables and increased intake by 2 portions every 6 weeks. The control arm was habitual diet over the same time frame. Trial 2 was conducted in an older males and female cohort (aged 62–75 y) intervening with a high-flavanol cocoa drink (494 mg total flavanols) and a low-flavanol cocoa drink (23 mg total flavanols) for 12 weeks.

RESULTS: Serum BDNF levels increased linearly to the age of 65, after which BDNF levels were found to decrease markedly. All other physiological and anthropometric measurements proved to not be significantly associated with serum BDNF levels ( p > 0.05), although higher levels in males compared to females almost achieved significance ( p = 0.056). At baseline, higher serum BDNF levels were associated with significantly better global cognition scores, relative to individuals with lower serum levels. In addition, following intervention for 18 weeks, high-flavonoid, but not low-flavonoid, fruit and vegetable intake induced significant improvements in cognitive performance and increases in serum BDNF levels ( p = <0.001). Flavanol intervention for 12 weeks also resulted in significant increases in serum BDNF ( p = <0.001), and such increases were correlated with improvements in global cognitive performance.

CONCLUSION: Increases in global cognition induced by high flavonoid fruit and vegetables, and cocoa flavanols were paralleled by concurrent changes in serum BDNF levels, suggesting a role for BDNF in flavonoid-induced cognitive improvements. Furthermore, we provide further data suggesting that serum BDNF levels may represent a biomarker of cognitive function.
When less is more: the changing paradigm in critical care medicine
Authors: Shrestha Gentle Sunder
Published: October 2016

Abstract not availableBangladesh Crit Care J September 2016; 4 (2): 62-64
Bacterial profile and their antibiotic resistance in an ICU of Bangladesh: Comparison of four studies from 2004 to 2011
Authors: Fatema Kaniz , Ahsan ASM Areef , Barai Lovely , Ahmed Fatema , Haq Jalaluddin Ashraful , Faruq Mohammad Omar
Published: October 2016

Antimicrobial resistance plays a vital role in determining the outcome of the critically ill patients with infections in intensive care unit (ICU).Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequencies of isolated pathogens and their resistance pattern in an ICU of Bangladesh. The study also aimed to analyze and compare the trends of bacterial population and their resistance pattern in the same ICU between 2004 and 2011 in four different studies.Materials and Method: A cross sectional study was carried out in a 10 bed adult ICU of a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh over a period of 10-month, from January 2011 to October 2011. Blood, respiratory secretions and urine from patients with clinically suspected infections were included in the study. Findings were compared with previous three studies done in 2004, 20006-07, and 2008-09 in same ICU.Results: In 2011, a total of 1408 samples were analyzed. Six hundred eighty-four micro-organisms were isolated from 597 samples. Maximum growth was obtained from respiratory secretions (71.7%). Organisms isolated were Acinetobacter sp. (46.4%), Pseudomonas sp. (21.4%), Candida sp. (11.5%), Klebsiella sp. (9.9%), Eschericia coli (4.1%) and Staphylococcus aureus (2.9%). Major gram negative organisms were highly resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins (>70%). All Acinetobacter sp. were extremely resistant (>85%) to all antibiotics except colistin. Resistance of isolated Pseudomonas sp. was >65% to ciprofloxacin, >70% to aminoglycosides, and >85% to imipenem. About 72% of the isolated Staphylococcus aureus was methicillin resistant with variable resistant to other antibiotics. Comparing the findings of this study with previous three studies done in same ICU, it has been found that rate of isolation of Acinetobacter sp., was increased significantly (p<0.05) in this ICU population with decrease in rate of Pseudomonas sp., Eschericia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococci sp., and Candida sp. Resistances pattern of two commonest gram negative organisms, eg Acinetobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp., to the available antibiotics showed gradual increase in resistance from 2004 to 2011.Conclusion: It is recommended that strict infection control policies and antibiotic stewardship program must be implemented to solve this emerging drug resistance problem which might cause high morbidity and mortality in ICU patients.Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2016; 4 (2): 79-85
Glimpse on shigellosis from endemic Bangladesh: decades of observation with urban-rural differentials
Authors: Barua Dipesh Kumar , Das Sumon Kumar , Faruque Abu Syed Golam , Sarker Mohammad Habibur Rahman , Das Jui , Ahmed Shahnawaz , Malek Mohammad Abdul , Shahunja KM , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer
Published: October 2016

The Diarrhoeal Disease Surveillence System of icddr,b noted increasing proportion of Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri at urban Dhaka and rural Matlab from 2000 to 2013. Shigella sonnei appeared as emerging serogroup during 2009-13 compared to 2000-04 among individuals aged ? 60 years both in Dhaka and Matlab, while Shigella boydii and Shigella flexneri showed remarkable increase with 400% and 100% respectively in Dhaka, and a moderate increase (55%) both Shigella boydii and Shigella flexneri in Matlab. However, decreased trend of all the Shigella species in both the sites except Shigella dysenteriae in Dhaka was found among under-5 children. Individuals from higher socio-economic status such as those having a monthly family income of >100 USD had protective role against shigellosis in Dhaka during 2009-13. Shigella species and host factors are responsible for changing trend as well as predictors of shigellosis.Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2016; 4 (2): 105-109
Physical Restraint in Adult Intensive Care Unit - Why and how are they used?
Authors: Khanal Sushil , Acharya Subhash Prasad
Published: October 2016

Background: Physical restraint is preferred practice in adult critical care to reduce the risk of injury and ensure patient safety. However, data on the extent of restraint practice intensive care unit is unknown in our setting to develop evidence based guidelines to promote the scientific use of this modalityMethods: This observational study was conducted for determining the prevalence, motives and ongoing practices of physical restraint. Data were collected from direct observation of physically restrained patients, review of patients record and from the nursing staff.Results: The results revealed that physical restraint was commonly used to prevent device dislodgment and to ensure patient safety. The results illustrated a lack of documentation on initiation and monitoring of use physical restraint.Conclusion: For a better care of patients, it is very important to develop a restraint policy for rational use of physical restrain respecting the patient autonomy and freedom.Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2016; 4 (2): 110-113
Ischemic stroke due to protein C deficiency
Authors: Saha Debasish Kumar , Ahsan ASM Areef , Fatema Kaniz , Saha Madhurima , Ahmed Fatema , Asrafuzzaman Md , Morshed MM , Raz Farhana , Hassan Md Rashidul , Ahmed Abdullah Al , Rahman Md Harisur , Rahman Natasha
Published: October 2016

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the common causes of high morbidity and mortality all over the world. Usually stroke occur in elderly, but stroke in younger group (age <45 years) are increasingly common now-a-days. The disease can occur in young patients without any apparent risk factors. It is therefore important to exclude all aetiological causes in order to reduce their chances for a subsequent event.Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2016; 4 (2): 123-124
Atypical cause of stroke in an 18 years old female
Authors: Islam Md Rashedul , Rahman Tanbin , Habib Rumana , Rahman Aminur , Bhowmik Nirmalendu Bikash , Haque Md Amirul
Published: October 2016

Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculous meningitis is a progressive disease that presents in many ways. CNS TB is encountered frequently in areas of high prevalence of tuberculosis and dissemination is common. An 18 year old female presented with complaints of headache, low grade fever & double vision. We found cranial nerve palsy & focal neurological signs during examination. Work up revealed cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) study consistent with acute lymphocytic meningitis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple tuberculomas with gadolinium enhancement & cerebral infarction on basal ganglia. Given the characteristic CSF and MRI finding for Tuberculosis (TB), positive MT & choroidal tubercle on fundoscopy, ischemic stroke due to tubercular meningitis is made. The patient showed significant improvement after anti tuberculosis therapy was begun. CNS TB is a treatable disease but can be fatal if not detected or treated. Clinicians should be aware of key clinical features of TB meningitis, and maintain a high level of suspicion when patients present with focal neurological signs.Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2016; 4 (2): 128-130
Moving Beyond Cancer: Immediate Impact on the Health-Related Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Patients After Mastectomy
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur , Hossain AFM Anwar , Ahsan Abul , Monalisa Nazratun Nayeem , Rahman Khadiza , Azad Sumona Al
Published: October 2016

During the last decade, survival rates for breast cancer have increased as a result of earlier detection and increased use of adjuvant therapy. Limited data exist on the post mastectomy quality of life in the process of transition from health to cancer in its different phases of treatment. The aim of current study was to evaluate the changes of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after mastectomy and to measure their impression about future perspectives in Bangladeshi Breasts cancer patients. A group of 250 women with a diagnosis of primary breast cancer who was admitted in the department of surgical oncology in National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Dhaka were enrolled in this study from January 2012 to March 2013. Two-point interview like pre(M1) and post mastectomy(M2) was taken using the structured questionnaire made by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)- EORTC Q30 and BR23. The mean age of the patients was 44.7±9.87 years, 52.6% were locally advanced. HRQoL scores of breast cancer patients deteriorated after mastectomy, general features like presence of fatigability, nausea, apatite loss, sleeplessness and pain has got tremendous effect on the quality of life(p<.005). Financial difficulties and sleep disorders did not affect much. Four of the Global Health status/QOL parameters like physical functioning, role functioning, emotional functioning, cognitive functioning deteriorated but only physical functioning status affected significantly(p<0.005). Breast symptoms like body image problem, general breast symptoms like pain, arm swelling and sexual feeling affected their (HRQOL) after mastectomy. A diagnosis of cancer and associated treatments affects multiple domains of life. The complicated transitions between health, illness and living with cancer can often be challenged with a preoperative information for the patient confronted with breast cancer should include possible psychological effects of cancer diagnosis, surgery, and other treatment. Breast conservation particularly in the young group may give a better outcome in the treatment protocol of breast cancer patients.
Sociocultural and host factors related to extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in rural Bangladesh: A case control study
Authors: Karim Md Rizwanul , Alam Md. Ashraful , Mamun Shaikh Abdullah Al , Rahman Md. Anisur
Published: October 2016

Bangladesh ranks sixth among higher TB burden countries. Extra-pulmonary TB contributes 12% of all tuberculosis cases in 2008. Risk factors for EPTB in Bangladesh are hypothesized to be different from pulmonary tuberculosis as seen in other high-burden countries. A case control study was conducted to compare the sociodemographic, household condition and lifestyle characteristics between extra pulmonary and pulmonary tuberculosis. This case control study was conducted in thirteen sub districts of Pabna, Shirajgonj and Coxs Bazar districts from January to June 2013. The samples were classified as either extra pulmonary tuberculosis EPTB (cases) or pulmonary tuberculosis PTB (controls). A total of 490 participants including 245 extra pulmonary tuberculosis (cases) and 245 pulmonary tuberculosis (controls), who were being enrolled in DOTS treatment for last six months, were interviewed for epidemiological and clinical information using a standardized questionnaire. Children, adolescent and younger adults had four-time higher risk of being manifested with extra pulmonary tuberculosis [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.97; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.10 to 14.35] and (AOR 4.50; 95% CI 1.48 to 13.72). Respondents, who lived in their own houses showed three times more chance of getting extra pulmonary disease (AOR 3.11; 95% CI 1.15 to 8.39). Extra pulmonary tuberculosis was seven to eight times more likely to occur among those whose resided in bedrooms ventilated with one (p= .001) or more windows (p =.004) and having window shutter made of glasses or wood slit raised the probability of getting extra pulmonary involvement by twenty times. Households using grain husk and leaves as cooking fuel revealed seven times higher chance of being manifested as extra pulmonary tuberculosis (P <.001). Extra pulmonary cases were three times more common among respondents, who had no history of exposure with known tuberculosis cases than those who had frequent exposure history (AOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.24 to 7.34). Extra pulmonary tuberculosis was found 1.5 times more common among BCG vaccinated respondents than pulmonary tuberculosis (AOR 1.66; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.58). Younger age, house ownership, bedroom ventilation, fuel material used for cooking, contact history and BCG vaccination status might be the important risk factors for the extra pulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis relative to pulmonary tuberculosis.
Detection of potential pathogenic aerobic bacteria from egg shell and egg contents of hen collected from poultry
Authors: Fardous Jannatul , Shamsuzzaman S.M
Published: October 2016

This study was done to identify different pathogenic aerobic bacteria from egg shell and egg contents of hen. Egg shells and egg contents of 150 eggs collected from poultry were tested. Of 150 egg shells, 130 (86.67%) yielded growth of bacteria and 60 (40%) Esch. coli, 25 (16.67%) Providencia rettgeri, 5 (3.33%) Providencia alkalifaciens, 20 (13.33%) Citrobacter freundii, 10 (6.67%) Salmonella spp, 10 (6.67%) Enterobacter aerogenes were isolated. No bacteria were isolated from 150 egg contents. Total 14 (9.33%) Salmonella spp. from egg shells and 7 (4.67%) Salmonella spp. from egg contents were identified by PCR. Most of the identified serotypes were Salmonella Enteritidis (42.86% from egg shells and 71.43% from egg contents). All (100%) Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone.
Central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections (CVC-BSI) in patients of clinically suspected septicemia
Authors: Afroz Zeenat , Jobayer Mohammad , Ahmed Sharmeen , Anwar Shaheda , Mia Md Ruhul Amin
Published: October 2016

Central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections (CVC-BSI) are associated with morbidity and mortality especially in critically ill patients. This study was performed to find out the rate of CVC-BSI and CVC colonization, causative organism and their antibiogram in patients of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Department of Nephrology of tertiary care hospitals. A total of 100 patients from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) who had CVC and clinically suspected of septicemia were included in the study. Paired CVC blood and peripheral venous blood (PVB) samples were collected from each patient and were cultured by automated blood culture method. CVC-BSI was diagnosed in 11% and CVC colonization in 43% patients by Differential time to positivity (DTP) method. Rate of CVC-BSI was 8/1000 CVC days and 11/1000 CVC days in BSMMU and DMCH respectively whereas CVC colonization rate was 32/1000 CVC days and 47.5/1000 CVC days in BSMMU and DMCH. The most common bacteria causing CVC-BSI was Klebsiella spp. (36.4%) followed by Acinetobacter spp. (27.3%), Pseudomonas spp. (18.2%) and E. coli (18.2%). Among bacteria isolated from CVC colonization majority were Pseudomonas spp. (30.23%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (30.23%) followed by Acinetobacter spp. (27.91%), Enterococcus spp. (6.98%). Most of the isolated bacteria causing CVC-BSI were resistant to commonly used antibiotics, but showed good sensitivity to imipenem and colistin. Information about CVC-BSI, colonization and antibiogram of this study can help to guide the selection of suitable antibiotics for empirical therapy and to improve infection control measures of the hospital.
The overview of cancer patients attending in a specialized hospital: A cross sectional study
Authors: Paul Tapesh Kumar , Banu Parvin Akhter , Alam M. S. Sarwar , Sharif Rezaul , Rukhsana Naheed , Monower Md Mostafa
Published: October 2016

According to National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital most frequently observed cancers in Bangladeshi population are lungs, breast, cervix, lymph node, esophagus, larynx and stomach. The point of epidemiological background, the rate of incidence and mortality are likely unavailable due to lack of population based cancer registry system in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2003 to 2012 with an aim to describe trends and pattern of cancer cases attended a specialized hospital in Dhaka city. A total of 29,999 cancer cases was enrolled and among them the male and female ratio was 1.2:1. The study revealed that around half of the patients attended from Dhaka division, followed by Chittagong division (22.9%) and Sylhet division (8.8%). According to the organ involvement most frequently reported malignancies in males were lung cancer (24.2%), followed by eight percent larynx cancer and six percent lymph node cancer, whereas in females were breast cancer (27.5%), followed by cervix cancer (19.5%) and five percent lung cancer. It has been found that the system involvement was observed of cancers among males respiratory system (33.5%) followed by the digestive organs (20.0%) and oral cavity (14.2%) whereas in females were reproductive organs (26.3%), followed by fourteen percent digestive organs and eight percent oral cancer. The overall cancer trend showed a gradual rise of cancer cases in both sexes. The rate was higher in females rather than male. Without the availability of population based registries, incidence and mortality figures; studies like the present one may provide useful leads for health planning and future exploration.
Resistive Index of Intrarenal Artery in Evaluation of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Shirin Mahbuba , Sharif Mofazzal , Gurung Ayeshna , Datta Anindita
Published: October 2016

Diabetes mellitus is one of the systemic diseases affecting the kidneys. Diabetic nephropathy is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. It is the most important cause of death in type I diabetic patients, of whom 30%-40% eventually develop end-stage renal failure and 40% of type II diabetics are at risk of developing diabetic nephropathy. So, diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy is paramount for the survivability of the diabetic patients not only because of the consequences of renal progression but also because of the strong association with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. A total number of 53 subjects were enrolled in this present cross sectional study in the department of Radiology and Imaging, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) in collaboration of Nephrology and Medicine of the same institution during two years (2011-13) aim to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of renal resistive index (RI) by duplex Doppler ultrasonography for detection of renal dysfunction in diabetic patients. Clinically diagnosed diabetic patients having diabetic nephropathy referred to the department of Radiology and Imaging in BSMMU for ultrasonography of Kidneys, Ureters and Bladder (KUB) region or whole abdomen were selected as sample. Biochemical reports (Serum creatinine and Urinary albumin) and the RI value of intrarenal artery were correlated and analyzed. Only those patients biochemically were diagnosed as having diabetic nephropathy was included. Those with incomplete data, hydro nephrosis and renal calculus were excluded. Both the kidneys were visualized by commercially available real time scanner (GE Voluson) equipped with a curvilinear transducer operating at 3.5 MHz First Gray scale ultrasonography was done followed by Color Doppler of intra renal artery and then RI was measured. Majority (45.3%) patients were in 6th decade with the mean age was of 52.66±7.4 years and ranging from 38 to 65 years in patients. Male was found to be 54.7% of diabetic patients with male to female ratio 1.2:1. Resistive index of (? 0.7) was found in 73.6% patients with diabetes with the mean resistive index of 0.71±0.04. Positive correction between resistive index with serum creatinine (r=0.581, p<0.01) and albuminuria (r=0.725, p<0.01) were observed. It can be concluded that Resistive Index measured by duplex Doppler ultrasonography is useful diagnostic modality for detection of renal dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy patients. Resistive Index has value in identifying diabetic patients who are developing nephropathy and can be used as an additional diagnostic tool. Also it is well correlated with Serum Creatinine and Albuminuria which are the biochemical parameters to diagnose diabetic nephropathy.
Microarchitectural study of the olfactory organ of Devario regina (Fowler, 1934) using pas technique
Authors: Boonyoung Piyakorn , Senarat Sinlapachai , Kettratad Jes , Yenchum Watiporn , Poolprasert Pisit , Jiraungkoorskul Wannee
Published: October 2016

Context: Microarchitectural observation of the olfactory organ in Devario regina (Fowler, 1934) is still unknown.Objectives: The normal histology and chemical detailed of glycoprotein in D. regina olfactory organ were investigated using histochemical analysis.Materials and Methods: Fishes were collected from the Tapee River, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand and were processed by the standard histological technique.Results: Microarchitecture of olfactory organ revealed that it was a paired olfactory sac. Each sac was composed of the olfactory chamber and many lamellae surrounding by olfactory epithelium. This epithelium contained the differential cell types in both sensory (sensory ciliated cells) and non-sensory olfactory epithelium. The special localization of glycoprotein was intensively detected on the mucous cells.Conclusion: This study provided the basic histology of the fish olfactory organ that will support the investigation regarding the physiological and ultrastructural analysis.J. bio-sci. 22: 41-44, 2014
Efeect of AM fungi with additonal phosphate fertilazation on growth and nutrient uptake in Guizotia abyssinica (L.f) Cass.var, RCR-18
Authors: Gabriel KP , Lakshman HC , Yeasmin Tanzima
Published: October 2016

Context: Arbuscular-Mycorrhizal fungi colonization in roots of many plants promotes the increased nutrient uptake especially the phosphorus from phosphorus deficient soil.Objective: To compare the efficacy of different concentration of recommended dosages of super phosphate fertilizers with inoculation of AM fungi to evaluate growth, nutrients uptake on Niger plant (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f) Cass. var, RCR-18).Materials and Methods: The effect of two Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Scutellospora nigra and Glomus mosseae with 4 different dosage (25%, 50%, 75%, 100% ) of superphosphate (P2O5) was treated on growth yield and nutrient uptake in Niger plant (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f) Cass. var, RCR-18) was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Pots were watered they were harvested once in 30 days intervals. For 90 days the following readings viz., plant height, root length, biomass, grains yield, percent root colonization, spore number macro-micro nutrients contents in shoots and roots were determined.Results: Scutellospora nigra with 50% RDSP/kg showed a significant increase in the plant growth biomass of shoot and root of Guizotia abyssinica (L.f) Cass. var, RCR-18. Percent root colonization, seed number and N, P, K and Zn, Mg uptake in shoot and root.Conclusion: Overall, our results clearly suggest that synergistic and additive mechanisms involved can enhances the plant growth, nutrient uptake and adaptation to unfavorable drought soil conditions.J. bio-sci. 22: 45-51, 2014
In vitro regeneration of Indigofera viscosa lam
Authors: Rajabudeen E , Ganthi A Saravana , Sivasubramanian S , Subramanian M Padma Sorna
Published: October 2016

Context: In vitro propagation or tissue culture of plants offers a rapid means of producing large quality of clonal planting stock and propagation that are difficult to establish conventionally. Biotechnological tools are important for multiplication and genetic enhancement of the plants by adopting techniques such as in vitro regeneration and genetic transformations.Objective: Effect of different plant growth regulators (PGRs) and their concentration on multiple shoot regeneration and callus formation was studied in Indigofera viscosa.Materials and Methods: In vitro plant regeneration was achieved in nodal and shoot tip explants. The explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with BAP and NAA.Results: The nodal explants exhibited a greater number of healthy multiple shoots. The maximum callus induction was observed on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L-1 2,4-D. NAA and BAP combination proved to be the most effective treatment for promoting shoot multiplication. IBA was found to be the best rooting hormone than IAA or NAA. The plantlets showed high survival rate in the soil.Conclusion: The present investigation clearly established and demonstrated the method of obtaining the new plantlets in Indigofera viscosa supported by different hormone concentrationsJ. bio-sci. 22: 53-58, 2014
The influence of moisture conditions on the structure of litter invertebrate communities in shelterbelt and plantation forests in southern Ukraine
Authors: Brygadyrenko Viktor V
Published: October 2016

Context: The distribution of different size groups of litter invertebrates in varying gradations of moisture conditions is therefore of interest for a better understanding of the coordination of the components of the ecological community.Objectives: The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of long-term average moisture conditions on the basic characteristics of the litter macrofauna of plantations in southern Ukraine.Materials and Methods: Invertebrates were collected with pitfall traps annually throughout the vegetational seasons of 20012013 in 176 plantation sites.Results: The average number and the quantity of invertebrate species in the litter decreases with the increase of the moisture content. The indices of biological diversity are maximal in xeromesophilous and mesophilous moisture conditions. Phytophages are distributed evenly in the litter of forest plantations. The number of saprophages is maximal in xeromesophilous (36%) and minimal  in hygromesophilous (3%) conditions. Zoophages increase in relative abundance from 14% in mesoxerophilous to 63% in hygromesophilous conditions. The abundance of polyphages does not change significantly in varying gradations of moisture (2646%). The size structure of communities is dominated by the group ranging from 4 to 7 mm in body length (3152%). The relative abundance of the size group exceeding 20 mm in body length reaches its maximum (16%) in mesoxerophilous conditions, and decreases (410%) in other gradations of moisture. The share of the size group of <4 mm is maximal (28%) in mesophilous conditions. Carabidae, Formicidae and Lycosidae form part of the dominant families in all four of the moisture gradations of artificial forests studied, while other families represent more than 3% only in plantations belonging to three gradations of moisture.Conclusion: Litter moisture is a limiting factor for invertebrate existence in the extreme conditions of forest ecosystems, especially in the south of the steppe zone of Ukraine.J. bio-sci. 22: 77-88, 2014