bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Readiness for Change in the State Civil Apparatus: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Bagus Indra Narotama Ida , Nyoman Dian Sudewi Ni
Published: April 2024

Readiness for change in the State Civil Apparatus is a necessity in the midst of a world situation full of turmoil, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity. This readiness also has a central role in achieving success in implementing development and bureaucratic reform. The current reality is that readiness for change in the State Civil Apparatus is still low. The State Civil Apparatus has not been fully able to adapt and implement the expected changes and is still stuck with old work patterns. The aim of this research is to analyze and explain the factors that influence readiness for change in the State Civil Apparatus. This research is a systematic literature review using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Literature Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The sample from this research is secondary data obtained through searching journals in the Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar databases. The journals found were then selected using inclusion criteria and quality assessment, resulting in three research literatures. The research results show that there are three factors or components that can influence the readiness for change in the State Civil Apparatus, namely: perceived organizational support, work engagement and leader-member exchange
Epidemioclinical and Histological Profile of Malignant Ocular Tumors at University Hospital Center of Bouake
Authors: BILE Philippe EFK
Published: April 2024

Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and histopathological aspects of malignant tumors in the Gbêkê region.

Materials and methods: Retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the ophthalmology department of the Bouake University Hospital over a 5-year period [January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2022]. It involved patients seen in consultation for malignant ocular tumors confirmed after clinical and paraclinical examination.

Results: Prevalence was 0.19%. The mean age was 31.52 years, with extremes of 4 months and 72 years. Reasons for consultation were dominated by exophthalmos (41.67%). Most patients (77.08%) had a consultation delay of over 12 months. The conjunctiva was the preferred site of ocular malignancies (41.67%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common tumour of all ages, accounting for 41.66%. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignancy in adults, with 55.56%. In children, retinoblastoma remains the most common tumor (58.33%).
ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL GASTRIC CANCER TYPES
Authors: Diomidova Valentina N. , Efimova Oksana A.
Published: April 2024

Malignant neoplasms occupy the leading places in the structure of morbidity and mortality of the world's population. Stomach cancer is one of the five most common cancer types in Russia in terms of morbidity and is among the top three in terms of mortality from malignant neoplasms. The aim of the study is to study the morphological gastric cancer types depending on the stage, localization of the tumor process in the stomach and the age of the patient. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of data on 412 stomach cancer patients for 2022–2023, examined on the basis of the AI "Republican Clinical Oncology Dispensary" under the Health Ministry of Chuvashia, among whom there were 256 (62.1%) men and 156 (37.9%) women, was carried out. The average age of the patients was 65.6±12 years. All cases have morphological verification. Research results. The most frequently diagnosed morphological types of gastric cancer were identified: adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (57.3%), colloid cancer (17.2%), less often – gastrointestinal stromal tumor (6.7%) squamous cell non-keratinizing carcinoma (4.1%). The remaining tumor types in gastric cancer were verified less frequently (0.2–3.0%). It was found that the most common morphological types of gastric cancer were detected in most cases in the elderly (over 60 years old) and males. Depending on the tumor localization in the stomach departments, it was verified: if the body of the stomach is affected, almost all types of stomach cancer are observed (the same with affection to the antrum), such types as tubular, micropapillary, neuroendocrine, scyrrhous and mixed were not found in the cardiac department of the stomach. In subtotal and total affection of all stomach parts, the morphological types of gastric cancer corresponded in most cases to not otherwise specified adenocarcinoma and colloid carcinoma. Such morphological type of gastric cancer as not otherwise specified adenocarcinoma which made up the bulk of all types of malignant gastric cancers, was mainly (in 52.1%) detected at stages III and IV of the disease and only in 16.9% of patients – at the early I stage of the disease. Other morphological types of gastric cancer identified in the late stages of the tumor process included colloid carcinoma, non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and carcinoma simplex. Conclusions. The analysis of morphological gastric cancer types the predominance of adenocarcinomas and colloid cancer, identified more often in the late stages of the tumor process. The predominant localization of various morphological types of gastric cancer with body damage was established. The most common morphological types of gastric cancer are found in the elderly, more often in men.
FEATURES OF THE T-IMMUNE SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH GLOMERULONEPHRITISES WITH NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
Authors: Sergei Kudryashov I. , Stenina Marina A. , Karzakova Luiza M. , Grigorieva Irina M. , Autonomova Olga I. , Shestipalova Maria V.
Published: April 2024

The study of issues related to glomerulonephritises with nephrotic syndrome is one of the urgent problems of medicine due to their prevalence worldwide, mainly in the young age group. Medical workers distinguish primary (idiopathic) nephrotic syndrome, which occurs in 80–90% of cases, and secondary nephrotic syndrome, mainly associated with systemic autoimmune diseases, diabetes mellitus and neoplasms. Glomerulonephritises, manifested by nephrotic syndrome (membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, nephropathy with minimal changes), are known to be autoimmune diseases. To date, the immunological mechanisms of the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritises with nephrotic syndrome associated with the T-system of adaptive immunity remain unexplored. The aim of the study was to study the role of the T–immune system in the pathogenesis of primary nephrotic syndrome based on the study of immunoregulatory, activated T-cell subsets in patients with this pathology. Material and methods. 136 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome were selected for the study. The assessment of the T-immune system included determination of the lymphocyte phenotype of immunoregulatory T-cell subsets (T-helper/inducers, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes), various subpopulations of activated T-cells (activated T-lymphocytes; activated T-lymphocytes expressing CD25–alpha chain of IL-2 receptor; activated cytotoxic T-lymphocytes expressing HLA-DR and CD38) and regulatory T-cells (Treg cells). Study results. In the patients of the examined cohort, an increase in the number of T-lymphocytes and T-helper cells, as well as activated T-lymphocytes expressing HLA-DR antigens, was found. At this, the content of cytotoxic T-cells and the number of activated T-cells expressing the IL-2 – CD25 receptor did not differ from similar indicators in healthy individuals. The levels of Treg cells and activated cytotoxic T-lymphocytes with the CD3+CD8brightCD38+ phenotype were reduced. The immunoregulatory index (T-helpers/cytotoxic T-lymphocytes) was increased, due to an increase in the number of T-helper cells against the background of an unchanged number of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the main features of the T-system of the immune response in primary nephrotic syndrome are imbalance in the ratio of the content of immunoregulatory cells due to predominance of T-helper cells and a decrease in the number of Treg cells.
BORDERLINE OVARIAN TUMORS. MEDICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL REHABILITATION
Authors: Gozman Elena S.
Published: April 2024

Ovarian tumors are the most common diseases of the female reproductive system that require comprehensive treatment. Any tumor diseases often cause negative consequences for mental health. In order to prevent undesirable mental reactions in patients who have suffered from such a disease, it is necessary to apply rehabilitation measures. Restorative treatment methods accelerate regeneration of body functions, reduce the frequency of complications, thereby improving the prognosis of the disease. The aim of the study is to study the impact of medical and psychological rehabilitation on the quality of life in patients who have suffered a borderline ovarian tumor. Materials and methods. Medical and psychological rehabilitation, which consists of a set of measures, is important in the recovery of patients with borderline ovarian tumors. These methods help to cope faster with unpleasant and adverse symptoms caused by the disease. In this work, medical and psychological monitoring of 30 patients was carried out, the average age was 28 years, and all patients were diagnosed with borderline ovarian tumor. Research results. It was found that in patients with borderline ovarian tumors who underwent complex rehabilitation measures, the risk of mental disorders decreased. For the first time, a questionnaire entitled "Scale for assessing the severity of the risk for dependent behavior development in patients with borderline ovarian tumor" was used to evaluate the results. Conclusions. Patients who suffered a borderline ovarian tumor and underwent a course of medical and psychological rehabilitation are better adapted to all areas of daily life. Various techniques designed to work with stress significantly improve the quality of life in patients. After carrying out the complex of rehabilitation measures, the risk of mental disorders is minimal. Such patients did not have symptoms of anxiety and depression.
THE USE OF A POLYVALENT KLEBSIELLA BACTERIOPHAGE IN INFECTION AFTER RECONSTRUCTIVE PLASTIC SURGERY ON THE SPINE IN A CHILD (A CLINICAL CASE)
Authors: Lyubimova Lyudmila V. , Pavlova Svetlana I. , Pchelova Nadezhda N. , Lyubimov Evgeniy A.
Published: April 2024

The incidence of infection after reconstructive plastic surgery on the spine (in particular, spondylodesis) in children remains at a fairly high level and ranges from 0.4% to 8.7%. These complications are often caused by polyresistant bacterial pathogens; this accentuates the need for new effective therapeutic approaches. Bacteriophage preparations in combination with antibiotics can optimize existing strategies for the treatment of infectious diseases, since they are able to selectively destroy bacteria, including biofilm-forming ones. The aim of the study was to draw the attention of practitioners to modern problems of treating polyresistant infections on the example of a case of purulent complication after spinal surgery in a child. Materials and methods. On the basis of the FSBI "Federal Center for Traumatology, Orthopedics and Endoprosthetics" under the Health Ministry of the Russian Federation (the town of Cheboksary) a retrospective analysis of a clinical case of treating early infection after reconstructive plastic surgery on the spine caused by a polyresistant strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae was conducted. Research results. Patient P., 2.2 years old, with congenital pathology of the musculoskeletal system, who repeatedly received medical care in various medical organizations, underwent surgical spine stabilization. In the early postoperative period, an infectious complication developed caused by a polyresistant strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae (a producer of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases). Along with surgical debridement of the postoperative wound, a combined etiotropic antibacterial therapy was performed (12 weeks). However, complete healing of the postoperative wound was achieved in combination with the administration of a polyvalent klebsiella bacteriophage (10 weeks). Conclusions. This clinical case demonstrates that the use of a polyvalent klebsiella bacteriophage can increase the effectiveness of antibacterial pharmacotherapy in surgical treatment with preservation of metal structures.
THE FOCUS ON INCREASED RISK OF FRACTURES IN THEIR PROLONGED USE
Authors: Trukhan Dmitry I. , Tarasova Larisa V. , Stepashina Tatyana E.
Published: April 2024

Proton pump inhibitors are the most effective drugs for the treatment of acid-dependent diseases. For a long time, proton pump inhibitors have been considered to be completely safe drugs both for short-term and long-term use. A number of modern clinical studies note that when prescribing proton pump inhibitors in high doses for a long time, the possibility of side effects should be taken into account. The purpose of the review is to study the effect of prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors on the condition of bone tissue and the risk of osteoporotic fractures. Materials and methods. A search was conducted in the PubMed and Scopus information databases for publications on the safety of using proton pump inhibitors, including sources published before December 1, 2023, with an emphasis on the influence of proton pump inhibitors on bone tissue and the possible risk of fractures. Results. According to numerous studies, prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors is associated with an increased risk of fractures of the hip, vertebrae and the wrist. An increased risk of fractures may be associated with hypergastrinemia and hypochlorhydria (due to inhibition of acid secretion by proton pump inhibitors), and electrolyte disorders (hypocalcemia). Conclusions. All the pros and cons of prescribing proton pump inhibitors in patients with a history of fractures associated with osteoporosis should be carefully considered. In the curation of comorbid/multimorbid patients, proton pump inhibitors should be used if medically required for as short duration as possible and at the minimum effective dose to relieve symptoms.
LEGAL GOALS AND PRIORITIES OF STRATEGIC PLANNING IN THE FIELD OF PUBLIC SAFETY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Avdeev Vadim A. , Avdeeva Olga A.
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the priority areas of strategic planning in the field of public safety in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to solve modern problems of ensuring public security in the context of globalization of international life through strategic planning of countermeasures. Materials and methods. The goal of the study was achieved taking into account general scientific and special scientific research methods. The assessment of the effectiveness of the measures taken is based on statistical and sociological research methods. Results. The formation of universal and regional measures of crimes against public security at the international and national levels, which is recognized as one of the priority areas of crime prevention, leads to the accumulation of knowledge in the field of doctrinal comprehension and the development of proposals in order to optimize measures for the individual, general and special prevention of crimes against public security. Proposals have been developed to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of new directions in criminal policy focused on the modernization of criminal law and the quality of law enforcement. Findings. It is concluded that in the course of consistent activities to ensure public safety, further modernization of the priority areas of the legal framework for strategic planning is required. It is found that in the process of developing legal means of countering crimes against public security, attention should be paid to the consolidation and coordination at the federal and regional levels of administrative, regulatory, informational, organizational and practical resources that ensure the implementation of general and special preventive measures.
THE USE OF MESSENGER CHATS IN STATE AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF LEGAL REGULATION
Authors: Kuznetsov Anton K.
Published: April 2024

Currently, communication technologies play a key role in public administration. With the development of mobile devices and messengers, the use of chats is becoming an increasingly popular tool for information exchange and coordination of activities. The purpose of the study is to consider some problematic aspects of the use of digital methods of communication by public authorities on the example of messenger chats. Materials and methods. The research was based on general scientific methods of cognition: observation, analysis, synthesis, description, generalization, comparison and others. On the basis of content analysis, comparative and systematic approaches, the use of chats in state and municipal management was investigated. The work also used system-wide scientific methods of theoretical and empirical research, as well as specific methods that made it possible to substantiate the results obtained. Sociological methods were used to study the opinions of chat users, as well as of experts and scientists. Private scientific methods, such as comparative-legal, formal-legal, statistical and structural-functional ones, were used for the study. This made it possible to identify trends, to formulate conclusions, and to offer recommendations for solving a number of issues in problem areas. Results. The obvious advantages of using messenger chats have led to their widespread use in the practice of state and municipal administration: speeding up decision-making processes, simplifying coordination, improving coordination of actions within the department and in interdepartmental interaction, increasing the quality of feedback between the state and citizens, etc. Despite the significant prospects of using messengers to improve the efficiency of communication and the quality of public and municipal services provided, to promote the development of the digital state, it is necessary to take into account the risks and problems: the use of personal mobile devices by employees; identification of the administrator and users; the possibility of deleting messages completely; legal consequences of messages sent via chat; protection of personal data; security and the integrity of messages transmitted via chat, etc. Conclusions. Some of the issues related to the use of messenger chats in the practice of state and municipal administration can be resolved by the adoption of departmental or local acts regulating the rules for the use of such chats, message monitoring, administrator powers, business etiquette, etc. In modern realities, it is important to conceptually revise approaches to document management, document flow and the concept of "document", taking into account the introduction and widespread use of digital innovations.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Pemberian Imunisasi Pada Bayi Usia 0-12 Bulan di Kelurahan Mangga Kecamatan Medan Tuntungan
Authors: Tampubolon Emelia Apriani , Bakara Rizky Andriani
Published: April 2024

Immunization is the provision of immunity against a disease and will only provide immunity or resistance to that disease, so if you need to avoid various diseases, other immunizations are needed. Immunization is very effective in preventing infectious diseases, through immunization our bodies will not be susceptible to infectious diseases (Faisal, 2021). There are two types of immunization, namely active immunization and passive immunization. National immunization programs include BCG, Hepatitis B, DTP, Polio, Hib and measles.The subjects in the service activities are mothers who have babies aged 0-12 months in Mangga Village, Ladang Bambu District, as many as 12 people. In the initial stage, an approach was made to the residents to deliver counseling material using the lecture method, immunization implementation assisted by the village midwife and followed by a question and answer session.  Community service activities with the title "Community Empowerment in Improving Mothers' Knowledge about Immunization for Infants 0-12 Months of Age in Mangga Village, Medan Tuntungan District in 2022" were carried out on Friday, February 11, 2022 at 09.00 WIB until completion. When the activity began, residents came to register, then heard counseling material about increasing maternal knowledge about immunization in infants aged 0-12 months, weighing the baby's weight and TB, and carrying out immunizations assisted by village midwives. It is hoped that health workers will conduct health counseling to mothers who have babies aged 0-12 months, and mothers know the benefits of immunization which can reduce the incidence of disease, disability, and loss of life of a baby caused by infectious diseases.
The Impact of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction of BPJS Employment at The Mojokerto Branch Office
Authors:   Master of Management, Postgraduate, Universitas Gajayana Malang, Ardiart S Sari , Hadiyati Ernani ,   Postgraduate lecturer, Universitas Gajayana Malang, Mulyono Sugeng ,   Postgraduate lecturer, Universitas Gajayana Malang
Published: April 2024

The quality of public services needs to be optimized in order to meet the expectations of service users and strengthen public trust in government institutions. Several indicators to measure the quality of public services include: tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. The aim of the research is to examine in depth the quality of public services which have an impact on community satisfaction through a qualitative approach. This research was conducted at BPJS Employment Mojokerto branch office, East Java Province, Indonesia. Research sampling used snowball sampling where existing subjects provided references to recruit the required samples. In this technique an individual subject provides information about only one other subject and then the chain continues with only one reference from one subject. This pattern is continued until the subjects available as samples are deemed to have met the requirements. The research subjects are customers who intensively use BPJS Employment services. The results of this research conclude that the quality of service at BPJS Employment, including the dimensions of tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy, its implementation is in line with the expectations of service users so that they feel satisfied with the services provided by BPJS Employment Mojokerto.
Evaluation of antimicrobial properties in coatings for operating room surfaces
Authors: Coza Halit
Published: April 2024

This article highlights the crucial significance of upholding sterility in operating rooms (ORs) to minimize infection risks and uphold patient safety. Putting a spotlight on the pivotal role of antimicrobial coatings, the research delves into the examination of four frequently used coatings—polyurethane, acrylic, alkyd, and epoxy—across various surfaces within ORs. The study evaluates the antimicrobial properties of these coatings against 20 contaminant bacte- ria, uncovering diverse impacts on different strains. While these coatings may not inherently possess antimicrobial characteristics, formulations enriched with agents like 1,2-benzisothi- azol-3(2H)-one (BIT) and 2-octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (OIT) demonstrate active resistance against bacterial growth. The results highlight the efficacy of acrylic and epoxy coatings, spe- cifically in impeding bacterial proliferation. These findings affirm the practical utility of anti- microbial coatings in vital healthcare settings, providing valuable insights into their potential to elevate hygiene, safety, and efficiency in ORs. The study advocates for ongoing exploration of innovative coatings and antimicrobial agents, underscoring the importance of adhering to cleaning protocols and healthcare regulations for optimal effectiveness.
Traumatic Papillary Muscle Rupture Mimicking Infective Endocarditis
Authors: İştar Hande , Harmandar Buğra
Published: April 2024

Blunt trauma due to motor vehicle accident may result in severe cardiac valve injury. The most part of lesions are about aortic and mitral valves. Acute on-set cardiac valve insufficiency may cause severe dyspnea or cardiac failure. Tricuspid valve injury due to blunt trauma is extremely rare and clinical manifestation is silent in majority of all cases. In case of echocardiographic evaluation, patient can be diagnosed easily with cardiac valve injury. Here we introduce a 46 year-old male patient suffering tricupid papillary muscle rupture and its successful surgical repair. Fever and a mass on the valve caused by multitrauma may mimic infective endocarditis.
Hyperhomocysteinemia Transcriptionally Regulates Expression of a Set of Ion Channels in Brain and Heart Tissues in Mice
Authors: Önalan Ebru , Buran Kavuran İlay , Tektemur Ahmet , Öz Esin , Özaydın Seda , Etem Akağaç Arzu , Bal Ramazan
Published: April 2024

The alterations of ion channel gene expressions in brain and heart tissues in HHcy have not been previously reported. We investigated the mRNA expression levels in brain and heart tissues of the HHcy mice compared to the control mice to characterize distinct expression of 36 ion channels. C57BL/6 J. mice were divided into two groups of 15 animals each: (1) control group and (2) HHcy group. The HHcy was induced by methionine administiration. The mRNA levels of ion channels were analyzed using qRT-PCR. TUNEL staining and MDA assay were used for verification of the negative side effects of HHcy in heart and brain tissues. RT-PCR revealed the upregulation of Hcn4, Trpc3, Trpm2 and the downregulation of Abbc8, Cacna1b, Cacna1c, Cacna1e, Cacna1h, Hcn1, Kcnc3, Kcnh7, Kcnj8, Trpc4, Trpc5, Trpc6, Trpm3, Trpm4, Trpv4, Trpv6 in brain tissues of the HHcy group compared to the control. The upregulation of ion channel expressions in heart tissues were not detected, but we found only the downregulation of Accn1, Accn2, Accn3, Hcn1, Kcnc4 and Trpv6 ion channels. Apoptozis and MDA level were significantly increased in brain and heart tissues of the HHcy group compared to the control. Brain tissues compared to heart tissues exhibit a very considerable and diverse ion channel gene expression pattern in mice with HHcy than control. Clarifying the roles of ion channels in HHcy could shed light on the development of novel therapeutic strategies and ultimately improve HHcy side effects.
Prolidase Enzyme Activity in Endometrial Polyps and Its Relationship with Oxidative Stress
Authors: Hajıbayli Farida , Kıncı Mehmet Ferdi , Sezgin Burak , Kasap Burcu , Saruhan Ercan , Sivaslıoğlu Ahmet Akın
Published: April 2024

Endometrial polyp (EP) is a condition that is often encountered in obstetrics and gynecology clinic practices. In our study, we aimed to reveal the relationship between prolidase enzyme activity (PEA) and Oxidative Stress (OS) in patients with endometrial polyps. Thirty-five patients who were histopathologically diagnosed with EP and 35 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) without pathology as a result of endometrial sampling were included in the control group. Serum TOS, OSI, tissue PEA, and endometrial thickness values were found to be statistically significantly higher in the EP group compared to the control group. We believe that our study, when supported by studies with larger patient groups, may be a useful marker for a more detailed understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical follow-up of patients.
The Use of Gore-Tex Surgical Membrane in Preventing Spinal Epidural Fibrosis (Experimental Study)
Authors: Sevin Ertan , Bozdağ Selin , Sucu Hasan Kamil , Bezircioğlu Hamdi
Published: April 2024

Dural grafts are sometimes necessary for repairing spinal dural defects. The search for an ideal material for duraplasty remains a controversial topic. Twenty-six adult male Wistar-Albino rats, weighing 260-380 g, were used. The rats were divided into three groups: Control (n=10), Fascia (n=6), and Gore-Tex (polytetrafluoroethylene) Surgical Membrane group (n=10). After laminectomy was performed on the rats, a dural defect was created. Then, one of the procedures 'leaving the defect open,' 'duraplasty with fascia,' and 'duraplasty with Gore-Tex surgical membrane' was performed. On the 60th day after surgery, the rats were euthanized, and histological investigations were conducted to examine the granulation tissue and adhesions in the operative area. It was observed that granulation tissue filled the defect area in all three groups. In the fascia group, it was observed that the fascia formed a barrier between the dura mater and neural tissue and the granulation tissue, but it was filled with dense granulation tissue and there was adhesion. It was found that the granulation tissue did not adhere to the Gore-Tex surgical membrane in the Gore-Tex surgical membrane group, and the Gore-Tex surgical membrane created an excellent physical barrier preventing adhesion between the dura mater and neural and the granulation tissues.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Return to Sports: A Comprehensive Guide
Authors:   Department of Physical Therapy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi  Arabia, Ahsan Mohammad
Published: April 2024

The article also examines the factors that may affect an athlete’s ability to return to sports following ACL reconstruction. The factors contributing to this phenomenon include surgical intervention, common complications of ACL reconstruction, and rehabilitation. The article examines the significance of implementing a thorough rehabilitation program that encompasses activities aimed at enhancing strength, flexibility, and balance.
Neovaginal Healing after Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty with Full-Thickness Skin Grafting in Transwomen: A Descriptive Study
Authors:   Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic surgery, UZ Gent, Belgium, Sam Brondeel , Stijn Rommers ,   Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic surgery, UZ Gent, Belgium, Laure Ruyssinck ,   Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic surgery, UZ Gent, Belgium, Anouk De Gelder ,   Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic surgery, UZ Gent, Belgium, Julien Colle ,   Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic surgery, UZ Gent, Belgium, Stan Monstrey ,   Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic surgery, UZ Gent, Belgium, Marlon Buncamper ,   Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic surgery, UZ Gent, Belgium, Karel Claes ,   Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic surgery, UZ Gent, Belgium
Published: April 2024

In 1956, Dr. Georges Burou independently developed the anteriorly pedicled penile skin inversion vaginoplasty, a technique that would later become the gold standard
The Mathematics-Language Proficiency: The Learners’ Perspecctive
Authors: Otuma Vincent Nick , Kati Robert
Published: April 2024

Mathematics is considered a difficult school subject by majority of learners. For many learners, mathematics is a series of hurdles and challenges-a task made with continued failure and seeming irrelevance in spite of the value that mathematics plays in society. The effect of this has been unwilling class participation, disinterestedness, haphazard solving of mathematical tasks, plus low achievements and failure to communicate mathematics. The latter effect is important in application of mathematics in occupations such as building, construction, engineering and accounting. This state of affairs propagated the topic of the paper: “The Mathematics-Language Proficiency: The Learners’ Perspective”. The objective was to find out the nature of the relationship between proficiency in mathematics vocabulary and conceptual understanding of mathematics. The study drew on Vygotskian Socio-Cultural Theory (SCT) and used a multiple-case study design. The sample size of the study was 1353 participants comprising of 1339 form three learners and 14 mathematics teachers drawn from Sub-County Schools (SCS), County Schools (CS) and Extra-County Schools (ECS) in Bungoma South Sub- County. Data were collected by questionnaires, classroom observations and interviews. Analysis was done using Pearson correlation with two tailed tests for all the tests with a level of significance of 0.01. The study found out that there exists a strong positive relationship between mathematics vocabulary and conceptual understanding across all cases, that is, 0.798, 0.778 and 0.709 in SCS, CS and ECS respectively. Further learners were unable to interpret the meaning of some mathematics solutions after solving the question correctly. The study concluded that proficiency in mathematics vocabulary is necessary but not sufficient for conceptual understanding of mathematics. The study recommends learners to be supported in communicating mathematics ideas both verbally and in writing during mathematics lessons to broaden their conceptual understanding of mathematics.
Speech and Speech Science – Subject Matter and Scientific Description
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavski University of Shumen, Popov Dimitar
Published: April 2024

Speech as a gift of nature acquired by homo sapiens (‘wise man’ in Latin) in the process of communicative interaction is an indisputable phenomenon of paramount importance, which in turn justifies the interest of scientists in this type of homo loquens’ (speaking man) activity as a behavioral manifestation of personality. Oral speech offers a vast amount of information for describing communication since it signals discrete sequences of ‘digital’ information on the one hand, while providing additional ‘analogue’ information about the speaking person, on the other. This means that everyday speech in its real use contains speech features related to various speakers who take part in the process of communication. Speech is the material substance which explicates the concrete representation of discourse as it happens in real time, and exists as discourse special dimension in relation to human mind. Human speech can be characterised as a complex set of elements of prosody, which could be divided into the following main groups related to the sound and its time, pitch, force and timbre. The acoustic and perceptual-auditory continuity of speech has become a cornerstone for describing the process of speech in time when solving many practical tasks, since the sounding oral message represents a continuous flow of air waves separated by pauses. The wave-like nature of speech makes it possible to recognise in the structure of the spoken message simultaneous components, just like in a musical cord one can recognise the simultaneous tones of which it is composed. Therefore, the task of developing a special separate research area, called speech science, becomes logical and necessary.
Variation in the Realization of Bulgarian Intonation
Authors:   Saarland University,  Germany, Andreeva Bistra , Dimitrova Snezhina ,   Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski
Published: April 2024

The study presents the intonational phonology of Contemporary Standard Bulgarian (CSB) and the BG_ToBI annotation system. CSB uses the following pitch accents: L*, L*+H, L+H*, H*, H+!H*; phrase accents: L-, H-, and !H-; and boundary tones: %H, L%, H%, !H%. In the realization of the pitch accents, there is often variable alignment between the tonal target and the boundaries of the lexically stressed syllable. This variability is due to both speaker-specific speech strategies and the position of the stressed syllable within the utterance. For example, when the H* pitch accent is near the beginning of the utterance, the high target is usually reached towards the end of the stressed syllable. When it is near the end of the utterance, the high target is reached towards the beginning of the stressed syllable. In rising accents (L*+H and L+H*), the high tone can be delayed up to three syllables after its original target. In signaling the information structure of the utterance, there is no one-to-one correspondence between the type of focus and the choice of pitch accent: the same type of focus can be ex-pressed with different accent types, and the same accent can signal different types of focus. For example, H* can signal broad focus, narrow focus, and contrastive focus; L+H* can signal narrow focus and contrastive focus. Thematic material is not necessarily deaccented. From a pragmatic and functional perspective, four different tunes associated with the various vocative types in Bulgarian are presented: neutral vocative (L+H* L-%), insistent vocative (L+<H* L-% [+long]), challenging chant (L* H-L% [+long]), and vocative chant (L+H* !H-% [+long]). When the final syllable is lengthened, the vowel in it is not fully reduced, which contradicts the phonological pattern of vowel reduction in CSB.
Cognitive Aspects of Metaphors in Contemporary Bulgarian Political Speeches
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavski University of Shumen, Andreeva Zhaneta
Published: April 2024

The development follows two sides of the manifestation of cognitive metaphors as a communicative mechanism in contemporary Bulgarian political discourse: the rhetorical aspects of Bulgarian political communication; the linguistic-communicative features of cognitive metaphors in political speech, through which they function as a mechanism for interaction between the parties of political discourse. An important direction in the course of the study is to clarify the mechanisms by which the interaction between the parties in communication is realized. In this regard, several specific features of the national political discourse can be identified: the authority of the speaker and his ability to control all levels in the structure of the context of the political message; the dominant role of individual discourse; aggressive linguistic presence in communication; the dominant presence of conversational speech at the expense of the official; manipulation of objectivity; low level of informative ness. The cognitive and semantic aspects of metaphors in contemporary Bulgarian political discourse impose the following differentiation of their features: specificity of archetypal metaphors - the possibility of the basic metaphor to be reproduced as a stable cognitive core in the contemporary political communicative act; specificity of variant metaphors - the cognitive projection of the archetypal metaphor and its inscription in a new metaphorical perspective (cognitive range of metaphors path and body); cognitive links between the source sphere, the conceptual sphere and the target sphere - the associative link between the target and the source is the specificity of the cognitive metaphor, and all variant projections between them make up the volume of the conceptual sphere. The summary affects the function of cognitive metaphorical models in Bulgarian political discourse.
On Some Childhood Language Disorders: Early Childhood Autism, Developmental Verbal Dyspraxia and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Authors:   KJF Klinik Josefinum, Augsburg, Grigorova Evelina
Published: April 2024

The main function of speech is the communicative one, i.e. the transmission of comprehensive information from the speaker to his interlocutor and vice versa. The communicative chain model has long been known in linguistics and its simplified form includes addressee (encoding)→ message/noise→ (decoding)→ addressee. It can be seen that interference could occur on both sides of the communication chain. In this paper, we will briefly describe some problems in communication due to pervasive developmental disorders such as early childhood autism as well as developmental verbal dyspraxia, and fetal alcohol syndrome. A relationship between neural patterns and the disorders under consideration will be outlined in general terms.
ENFERMAGEM DO TRABALHO: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA ACERCA DA ATIVIDADE PROFISSIONAL DO ENFERMEIRO NO PERÍODO PANDÊMICO
Authors: Barros Braga Renan , De Sousa Ribeiro Gilberto , Braga Alves José Willian , Dos Santos Gurgel Samilly , Coutinho da Luz André Luiz , Silva Verner Paula , Silva Palaver Renata , Carneiro Barros Alexandra
Published: April 2024

Os enfermeiros do trabalho desempenham um  papel fundamental na identificação de riscos ocupacionais, na realização de exames de saúde e na educação dos trabalhadores sobre medidas preventivas. Eles também contribuem para a análise de riscos ambientais, prevenção de acidentes, promoção da saúde mental e adequação ergonômica. Durante a pandemia de Covid-19, a enfermagem do trabalho tem sido crucial na implementação de medidas de educação, prevenção e controle. Objetivo: descrever as evidências científicas disponíveis na literatura nacional e internacional acerca da atividade profissional do Enfermeiro do Trabalho durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Métodos: O método adotado baseou-se em uma ampla pesquisa em bases de dados acadêmicas, como PubMed, Scopus e Google Scholar, utilizando palavras-chave relevantes relacionadas à enfermagem do trabalho, saúde ocupacional e segurança no trabalho. Resultados: A enfermagem do trabalho desempenha um papel crucial na prevenção de doenças ocupacionais por meio da identificação e controle dos riscos presentes nos ambientes de trabalho, promoção e segurança dos trabalhadores. Discussão: Observou-se os desafios enfrentados pela enfermagem do trabalho, como a falta de recursos adequados para realizar suas atividades de forma eficaz, de equipamentos de proteção individual, acesso limitado a exames complementares e infraestrutura inadequada nos locais de trabalho. E a necessidade de integração entre a enfermagem do trabalho e os demais seguimentos da saúde ocupacional. Conclusão: A enfermagem ocupacional exerce um papel primordial na promoção e preservação da saúde dos colaboradores, assim como na prevenção de patologias laborais.
Controlling Planning Budgets in Banking Institutions Using The CAMELS Indicators Model - Research On a Sample of Private Iraqi Banks
Authors: Abdulwahid Luaibi Ali , Kamoun Abdelmawla Aida
Published: April 2024

Planning budgets are one of the most important means adopted by banking institutions as an indicator to measure the efficiency and effectiveness of banks through the optimal use of available resources and achieving the goals that banks seek, which are achieving the highest profits with the lowest costs and risks. This study sought to demonstrate the impact of planning budgets on control and planning in Iraqi banking institutions. The Camels model was used to monitor banking performance and evaluate the level of performance. This model is one of the tools used by the Central Bank and the regulatory and inspection authorities to evaluate the financial situation of banks. Our current study covered a sample of Iraqi commercial banks, which amounted to (14) banks out of (32) listed banks. And traded in the Iraqi Stock Exchange, and for the purpose of achieving the objectives of the study, the researcher relied on two methods, the first represented by presenting a theoretical study on the subject by using sources, references, and scientific and academic studies that are related to the subject of the research, and the second method represented by relying on field research in what was presented in The theoretical aspect is through the financial statements of the banks in the study sample, extracting the ratios of the six elements of the system to the Camels and aggregate elements, and proving the hypothesis of the study, which states (the CAMELS indicators approved by the Central Bank of Iraq contribute to activating the budget’s supervisory role). The main one of them was proven according to the application of the Camels indicators on the study sample. The study concluded that the difficulties and problems facing the preparation and implementation of budgets in banking institutions can be addressed by using the outputs of the Camels system to address deviations in the level of implementation of budgets and reconsider lofty future plans
Deformations and Transformations: Understanding Body Image and Identity in Individuals with Acquired Motor Disability Through the Rorschach
Authors: Soumaya Driouèche Aicha
Published: April 2024

Body image is of crucial importance in every person's life, often defining their self-perception, identity, and relationship with the surrounding world. In individuals with an acquired motor disability, this image undergoes significant alterations. Prior to the serious road accident, these individuals had a certain understanding of themselves, based on their physical ability and interaction with the world. However, when this ability is impaired, an identity crisis can occur. The Rorschach test, as a projective tool, often reveals responses that illustrate these alterations and convey the struggle to redefine identity. Distorted or fragmented body images in the responses can indicate identity fragmentation, while images of transformation reflect the constant quest to integrate this new reality into their sense of self. By revealing these dynamics, the Rorschach provides valuable insight into how these individuals perceive and redefine their body image and identity. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding these deformations and transformations of body image and identity in twelve people with acquired motor disabilities. A thorough understanding of these aspects can help improve the psychological and social support offered to these individuals, thus helping them to better adapt to their new reality and redefine their identity in a more positive way
Forms of Communication Practices in Traditional Algerian Society “Ceremonial Practices as Model
Authors: Bacha Nawal
Published: April 2024

Algerian society exercised the communication process in its oral form to pass the communication message through traditional institutions and social spaces whose function was to preserve the cultural heritage and national cultural identity. These practices were accompanied by symbolic rituals produced by the traditional society that were and continue to be entrenched in social memory and characterized by the social character of a particular region.
The Reality of Oil Wealth in Iraq, and the Challenges of Investing in Developing the Productive Sector
Authors: jassim Mohammed Asmma , jawammer Maikhan Nahla
Published: April 2024

Excessive reliance on oil wealth in Iraq in financing the general budget and development programs has made the country's economy characterized by rentierism and instability, just as economic failures are not limited to dependence on oil as a main focus for the rest of the other sectors only, but extend to include the basic failure of the rentier Iraqi state that was linked to It has always maintained its economic behavior, which extended since the years preceding 2003 AD and beyond as well, in addition to the misuse of oil resources in various investments. As for the non-oil productive sectors, they witnessed a small percentage of their contribution to the gross domestic product, in addition to the dominance of the service pattern, which led to the predominance of a state of distortion in the real productive structure of Iraq, which is one of the most prominent challenges that the Iraqi economy suffers from.