bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Illustrated Introduction to the Infosphere
Authors: Van der Veer Martens Betsy
Published: April 2015

This introduction to Luciano Floridi’s philosophy of information (PI) provides a short overview of Floridi’s work and its reception by the library and information studies (LIS) community, brief definitions of some important PI concepts, and illustrations of Floridi’s three suggested applications of PI to library and information studies. It suggests that LIS may just be as important to PI as PI is to LIS in terms of deepening our mutual understanding of information ontologies, the dynamics of informational domains, and the variety of evolving relationships among information organisms and information objects.
A Pluralistic Approach to the Philosophy of Classification
Authors: Szostak Rick
Published: April 2015

Any classification system should be evaluated with respect to a variety of philosophical and practical concerns. This paper explores several distinct issues: the nature of a work, the value of a statement, the contribution of information science to philosophy, the nature of hierarchy, ethical evaluation, pre- versus postcoordination, the lived experience of librarians, and formalization versus natural language. It evaluates a particular approach to classification in terms of each of these but draws general lessons for philosophical evaluation. That approach to classification emphasizes the free combination of basic concepts representing both real things in the world and the relationships among these; works are also classified in terms of theories, methods, and perspectives applied.
FRBR, Information, and Intertextuality
Authors: Rafferty Pauline
Published: April 2015

Following from approaches that view information as documentary forms of specific communicative practices, this paper uses theoretical concepts derived from cultural theory to examine the concept of work in Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) in relation to authorship, the ur-text, and intertextuality. Historically, the practice of librarianship has existed on a foundation of standards, and among the earliest of the standards is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR). The basis of this set of standards is materialist: the object of scrutiny is the document, and the document, whatever its specific form, is considered to possess materiality. This paper argues that unlike the AACR, FRBR lays bare its own ideological underpinnings, and in so doing, it dematerializes the text and mystifies the creative process. At the same time, it has really been with the development of FRBR and linked-data models that library and information science has considered intertextual analysis at the level of the document rather than at a more abstract level. The idealism that underpins FRBR’s notion of work points to intertextuality, with all its potential for rich analysis, but at the same time embeds deep in its system the logocentrism of the ideal signified—another example of disciplining epistemology. The paper will examine these two interlinked themes through discussion of FRBR and the strange case of the vanishing text, the ur-text, and intertextuality.
Information Science Is Neither
Authors: Furner Jonathan
Published: April 2015

Information science is not a science, nor is it primarily about information. In this paper, an argument is developed in support of the latter claim. A working definition of information is proposed, and doubts are raised about the extent to which each of five core subfields of information science/studies (information behavior, information retrieval, infometrics, information organization, and information ethics) has to do with information as defined. Several alternative candidates for the primary phenomenon of interest shared by those working in all five subfields are considered: these include data studies; knowledge studies; metadata studies; representation studies; relevance studies; and (as a branch of cultural studies) collection, preservation, and access studies. A prime candidate is identified, and some implications of such a reading for the application of philosophical approaches to information science/studies are highlighted.
Literacies, Hermeneutics, and Literature
Authors: Suominen Vesa , Tuomi Pirjo
Published: April 2015

With the development of new information and communication technologies, new concepts of extending the concept of literacy have emerged, such as media literacy, computer literacy, and information literacy. This paper addresses literary literacy as a form of extended literacies. The notion of literary here comprehends widely various fields of literature, with artistic literature as one, although in a sense paradigmatic, instance. The aspects of reading and literacy emphasized in this paper will have particular educational significance in contexts of general school education. Hermeneutics is a classical discipline of how we should read. It emphasizes aspects of appropriative, or Bildung -oriented, reading that we can oppose to the instrumental use of what one reads. Within hermeneutics, and particularly the sociological studies of literature, the paper also finds foundations for critical reading. There would be, however, a tension between the fundamentally hermeneutical appropriative literacy and critical questioning, and the notion of literary literacy should contain a dialect between them. The paper emphasizes the significance of literary literacy, since there is a danger that it disappears behind more instrumentally emphasized notions of literacy. Similarly, there is a risk that the everyday plausibility of the demand of being critical suffocates the appropriative aspects of literacy and reading.
The Fallacy of the Cognitive Free Fall in Communication Metaphor: A Semiotic Analysis
Authors: Thellefsen Martin , Thellefsen Torkild , Sørensen Bent
Published: April 2015

This paper is a theoretical analysis of the cognitive free-fall metaphor, used within the cognitive view, as a model for explaining the communication process between a generator and a receiver of a message. Its aim is to demonstrate that the idea of a cognitive free fall taking place within this communication process leads to apparent theoretical paradoxes, partly fostered by unclear definitions of key information-science concepts—namely, tokens, signs, information, and knowledge and their interrelatedness—and a naïve theoretical framework. The paper promotes a semiotically inspired model of communication that demonstrates that what takes place in communication is not a cognitive free fall, but rather a fall from a pragmatic level of knowing or knowledge to a level of representation or information. The paper further argues that the communication process more ideally can be expressed as a complex interrelation of emotion, information, and cognition.
Practical and Philosophical Considerations for Defining Information as Well-formed, Meaningful Data in the Information Sciences
Authors: Dinneen Jesse David , Brauner Christian
Published: April 2015

This paper demonstrates the practical and philosophical strengths of adopting Luciano Floridi’s “general definition of information” (GDI) for use in the information sciences (IS). Many definitions of information have been proposed, but little work has been done to determine which definitions are most coherent or useful. Consequently, doubts have been cast on the necessity and possibility of finding a definition. In response to these doubts, the paper shows how items and events central to IS are adequately described by Floridi’s conception of information, and demonstrates how it helps clarify the muddy theoretical framework resulting from the many previous definitions. To this end, it analyzes definitions, popular in IS, that conceive of information as energy, processes, knowledge, and physical objects. The paper finds that each of these definitions produces problematic or counterintuitive implications that the GDI suitably accounts for. It discusses the role of truth in IS, notes why the GDI is preferable to its truth-requiring variant, and ends with comments about the import of such a theory for IS research and practice.
What Is Disinformation?
Authors: Fallis Don
Published: April 2015

Prototypical instances of disinformation include deceptive advertising (in business and in politics), government propaganda, doctored photographs, forged documents, fake maps, internet frauds, fake websites, and manipulated Wikipedia entries. Disinformation can cause significant harm if people are misled by it. In order to address this critical threat to information quality, we first need to understand exactly what disinformation is. This paper surveys the various analyses of this concept that have been proposed by information scientists and philosophers (most notably, Luciano Floridi). It argues that these analyses are either too broad (that is, that they include things that are not disinformation), or too narrow (they exclude things that are disinformation), or both. Indeed, several of these analyses exclude important forms of disinformation, such as true disinformation, visual disinformation, side-effect disinformation, and adaptive disinformation. After considering the shortcomings of these analyses, the paper argues that disinformation is misleading information that has the function of misleading. Finally, in addition to responding to Floridi’s claim that such a precise analysis of disinformation is not necessary, it briefly discusses how this analysis can help us develop techniques for detecting disinformation and policies for deterring its spread.
Distilling Abstractions: Genre Redefining Essence versus Context
Authors: Zhang Lei , Olson Hope A.
Published: April 2015

The construction of concepts achieved by the apparently incompatible ideas of essence and context is examined through genre. Essence is defined by essential characteristics: innate, immutable, independent of context. Unlike essences, contexts are fluid, changing with time and location. Genre has the stability of the essential characteristics that define essence and the fluidity of differing circumstances that define context, thus making it effective for the exploration of essence and context. Controlled vocabularies reveal diachronically and synchronically the stable/fluid ambivalence of genre classes. The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC1, DDC13, DDC23) exhibits stability (and modest fluidity) in the Divisions, the primary reflection of academic disciplines one hierarchical step below the main classes and the development of the standard subdivisions as a slow multi-edition evolution. Genre serves as a lens for us to better understand essences, contexts, and concepts and their manifestations, classes. Rather than being incompatible opposites, essences and contexts complement each other in the definition of concepts. How these abstractions relate to classification is a question both theoretical and practical to our efforts to further knowledge organization.
Ética y “modernidad líquida”: Fricción de Eloy Urroz y Lodo de Guillermo Fadanelli
Authors: Jaimes Héctor
Published: April 2015

México ha participado de una manera prominente en el proceso de la globalización mundial, como productor de mercancías y como país receptor de inversiones extranjeras. Como consecuencia directa de estas relaciones económicas, se han transformado las formas de socialización de los individuos y la ética que los guía. Este artículo examina precisamente estas nuevas formas de socialización y cómo la ambigüedad moral aparece representada a través de los personajes de dos novelas mexicanas contemporáneas: Fricción (2008) de Eloy Urroz y Lodo (2008) de Guillermo Fadanelli. El artículo se apoya en el análisis que hace el filósofo Zygmunt Bauman al articular las nociones de “modernidad líquida” y “crisis moral” en relación a las formas de socialización en las sociedades postmodernas. Por último, aunque ninguno de estos autores establece un código ético bajo el cual la sociedad o los personajes deban regirse, sí exponen la relación de la ética con la literatura. Para Urroz esta relación queda circunscrita a la búsqueda que hace el autor al explorar nuevas formas literarias, es decir, es una relación estrictamente formal, mientras que para Fadanelli esta relación es intrínseca.
The Power of Images in Guillén de Castro’s Progne y Filomena
Authors: García-Bryce Ariadna
Published: April 2015

Inspirada en Ovidio, Progne y Filomena presenta la historia de una princesa mítica que recurre a las imágenes para hacer pública su dolencia, tras haber sido brutalmente silenciada por un tirano. La comedia de Guillén de Castro reflexiona, entonces, sobre dos temas de suma importancia para su época: la carga afectiva de las imágenes y el poder de las mujeres. Tanto a través de la presentación de los personajes femeninos en las tablas como a través de sus reflexiones meta-pictóricas, la comedia enfatiza la sensorialidad de la representación artística. Mientras que los argumentos académicos formulados en los tratados sobre la pintura ponen en primer plano el elevado estatus social e intelectual del arte, el dramaturgo opone visión y pensamiento, imagen y palabra, al asociar las imágenes con la emoción excesiva. Al subvertirse la función civilizadora del arte, las figuras femeninas adquieren un notable protagonismo social y político. Tanto en su rol inicial como objeto artístico que desencadena fuertes pasiones, como en su papel posterior como artista que rompe con el modelo de la feminidad sumisa, Filomena emblematiza el trastorno del decoro cívico. Así, mientras que la comedia por un lado ratifica la identificación acostumbrada entre la mujer y la irracionalidad primitiva, por el otro se aleja de la concepción del patos femenino como esencialmente pre-político, al demostrar que Filomena y Progne desempeñan un papel instrumental en la restauración monárquica.
Mario Bellatin: Literature and the Data Imaginary
Authors: Epplin Craig
Published: April 2015

Este ensayo se centra en la serie de estrategias conceptuales que pueblan la obra del escritor mexicano Mario Bellatin: la construcción de arquitecturas vacías, el plagio y la proliferación de textos ya publicados. Se analizan estas estrategias como intervenciones frente a un imaginario social marcado por la acumulación masiva de datos digitales. Tomando como punto de partida el énfasis constante, en los textos de Bellatin, en las técnicas de producción estética, se propone que estas estrategias imitan ciertas características formales típicas del imaginario de los datos. Se lee este acto de mimesis como una instancia de lo que Gilles Deleuze llamaba “simulacro”, concepto que contrastaba con la idea de la “copia”. De esta forma, los textos de Bellatin establecen una relación crítica con el imaginario social de los datos digitales: sus textos imitan este imaginario a nivel formal a la vez que incluyen, frecuentemente, algún elemento heterodoxo que sirve para complicar la mimesis. En última instancia, Bellatin señala el desfase entre el mundo que habitamos y la representación de este mundo en términos de datos digitales
The Poetics and Politics of Computer Code in Latin America: Codework, Code Art, and Live Coding
Authors: Ledesma Eduardo
Published: April 2015

Código es el mecanismo invisible y virtual que subyace al software , las instrucciones que lo ejecutan. En ciertos casos el código aflora a la superficie y se vuelve el objeto de la representación, como ocurre con la poesía en código ( codework ), un subgénero ubicado en la intersección entre la tecnología digital y la poesía experimental. Cabe preguntar, ¿qué aporta el uso de código a la escritura poética? ¿Nos hallamos ante un signo de la desintegración de la cultura en la era posmoderna, o ante la irrupción de una nueva vanguardia política y estética? En este ensayo examino la reciente aparición del fenómeno en América Latina, para elucidar las conexiones entre la innovación formal y la ideología en poesía de código. Arguyo que los artistas Latinoamericanos están utilizando esta nueva forma poética como crítica contra el capitalismo post-industrial, incluyendo su vertiente virtual, el e-capitalismo. La poesía y el arte de código interrumpen la creciente hegemonía de las megacorporaciones mediante una ética que enfatiza lo colectivo y las prácticas relacionadas con el hacktivismo. Específicamente analizo el trabajo de tres artistas representativos de la emergente estética del código en la cibercultura Latinoamericana: Giselle Beiguelman (Brasil), Antonio Mendoza (Cuba) y Mitzi Olvera (México).
Páginas libres : Inclusion and Representation in Early Argentine Cinematic Practices
Authors: Tucker Lara
Published: April 2015

Este artículo examina un cambio de paradigma en las esferas estéticas y sociales de la Argentina del cambio del siglo XIX al XX. Las élites de la nación del fin de siglo inicialmente dominaban los nuevos medios como las revistas ilustradas y el cine, pero rápidamente se vieron desplazadas por estrellas locales e internacionales y por concursos que comunicaban mejor las aspiraciones y deseos de un público que, de esta manera, iba adquiriendo una visibilidad sin precedentes. En este trabajo sostengo que los medios emergentes de la cultura de masas, y específicamente el cine y sus derivados, proveían foros dentro de los cuales los residentes del país, todavía privados de muchos derechos civiles, podían ensayar otras formas de ciudadanía que anticipaban formas de participación sociales y políticas por venir.
Contagious Invasions: The 1833 Cholera Epidemic in Havana
Authors: Zander J. Selene
Published: April 2015

Este artículo explora las maneras en que el lenguaje moralista de la higiene es usado para criticar prácticas y cuerpos racial y sexualmente marginados en la Cuba del siglo XIX. El principal suceso que estimula la producción del discurso moral es el brote de cólera en la Habana de 1833. El cólera fue descrito en un lenguaje que apoyaba la teoría prevalente que relacionaba la enfermedad individual del cuerpo con el cuerpo aquejado de la sociedad. Mientras que la epidemia aterrorizaba a los residentes urbanos, también proveía una oportunidad única para lograr una reforma urbana. Empleando lo que Naomi Klein llamaría técnicas de “shock doctrine,” las autoridades de la ciudad rápidamente implementaron nuevos reglamentos en un intento de controlar la epidemia de modo racional. La reforma urbana se convirtió en un vehículo de implementación para la discriminación social y racial. Además, el lenguaje utilizado en el intento de describir, contener y erradicar la plaga—que apareció primero en documentos médicos y municipales—se manifestó después en otras esferas.
Improvement of the chilling tolerance of ‘Monika’ cucumber seedlings by short-term temperature and seed conditioning with plant growth regulators
Authors: Górnik Krzysztof
Published: April 2015

The aim of the present study was to improve the chilling tolerance of cucumber seedlings. The conditioned seeds in solutions of salicylic or jasmonic acid in concentrations of 10-2, 10-3 or 10-4 M or brassinolide in concentrations of 10-6, 10-8 or 10-10 M were subjected to temperature shock of 0, 2.5, 5, 35, 40 or 45°C for 1, 2 or 4 hours. Seedlings with 3 mm roots were chilled at 0°C for three days. The chilling susceptibility was evaluated by measurements of roots lengths, electrolyte leakage and total dehydrogenase activity.

The obtained results indicated that cucumber tolerance to chilling conditions depended on the plant growth regulators used during seed imbibition and its concentration as well as the temperature initiating thermal shock and its duration. The highest tolerance to chilling, expressed by the subsequent growth of roots, was observed after seed conditioning in salicylic acid solutions in a concentration of 10-4 M for 16 h at 25°C, then exposed for 4 h to a shock temperature of 5°C. The length of seedling roots after such treatment was over 12 times longer than the control (imbibed in distilled water and not subjected to short-term temperature impact). An increased chilling tolerance of cucumber seedlings may result from enhanced membrane integrity and total dehydrogenase activity. Further research is needed to explain the mechanism of the positive effects of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid or brassinolide application to reduce the injurious effects of chilling on cucumber seedlings.
Elucidation of RNA binding regions of gonadotropin-regulated testicular RNA helicase (GRTH/DDX25) to transcripts of a chromatin remodeling protein essential for spermatogenesis
Authors: Yang Ruifeng , Tsai-Morris Chon-Hwa , Kang Jung Hoon , Dufau Maria L.
Published: April 2015

Background: Gonadotropin-regulated testicular RNA helicase (GRTH) is a testis-specific member of the DEAD-box family of RNA helicases present in Leydig and germ cells. It is a transport protein of mRNAs from nucleus to cytoplasmic sites and is essential for posttranscriptional regulation and completion of spermatogenesis. Transition protein 2 (Tp2), which associates with GRTH and is required for spermatid elongation, failed to express in GRTH null mice with impaired mRNA nuclear export. The present study determines GRTH binding motifs/regions that associate with Tp2 mRNA transcripts.

Materials and methods: RNA-protein interaction was analyzed using biotin-labeled electrophoretic mobility gel shift assays (EMSA). 3′-biotin-labeled RNA (Tp2) was incubated with mGRTH protein (full length/sequential deletion of specific and conserved RNA helicase motifs of GRTH) expressed from in vitro TNT coupled reticulocyte lysate system. Binding specificity was further elucidated by mutagenesis and antibody supershift analysis.

Results: RNA-EMSA revealed that the 3′ UTR of Tp2 RNA (127 nt from TGA) was retarded in presence of full length GRTH. Nucleotide sequences downstream of TGA of the Tp2 transcript (1–47 and 78–127 nt) are important for binding to GRTH. Sequential deletions/point mutations in GRTH revealed region(s) of conserved binding motifs of RNA helicases (Ia and V) essential for GRTH binding to Tp2 mRNA.

Conclusions: Our studies provide insights into the association of Tp2 expression via binding to the conserved RNA binding motifs of GRTH protein and the basis for understanding GRTH in the regulation of the genes essential for germ cell elongation and completion of spermatogenesis.
The glucocorticoid receptor in inflammatory processes: transrepression is not enough
Authors: Hübner Sabine , Dejager Lien , Libert Claude , Tuckermann Jan P.
Published: April 2015

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most commonly used anti-inflammatory agents to treat inflammatory and immune diseases. However, steroid therapies are accompanied by severe side-effects during long-term treatment. The dogma that transrepression of genes, by tethering of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to DNA-bound pro-inflammatory transcription factors, is the main anti-inflammatory mechanism, is now challenged. Recent discoveries using conditional GR mutant mice and genomic approaches reveal that transactivation of anti-inflammatory acting genes is essential to suppress many inflammatory disease models. This novel view radically changes the concept to design selective acting GR ligands with a reduced side-effect profile.
Harmonic Mitigation in a Coreless Double-Wound Flywheel Machine: Experimental Verification
Authors: de Oliveira Janaína Goncalves , de Santiago Juan , de Almeida Pedro Machado
Published: April 2015

This paper aims at analyzing harmonics and interharmonics present in a flywheel-based driveline developed at Uppsala University. The flywheel machine is a permanent magnet synchronous machine with two sets of windings in the stator, with a Wye–Wye connection as standard. Different sources of harmonic distortion have been evaluated. Flywheel machine simulations are performed in finite element method (FEM) (Comsol) and experimental verifications are presented. Several methods for harmonic mitigation have been evaluated. The driveline suffers almost exclusively from second-order harmonics but the THD (total harmonic distortion) seldom exceeds 5%. Very little interharmonics are present. A Delta–Wye connection of the flywheel eliminates most of the harmonics but at the expense of a high-phase current through the Delta connection. Grounding the neutral conductor in Wye connections increases the distortion.
Development of an in-vivo sensor for monitoring of water content in skin
Authors: Schütz Rijk , Shchatsinin Ihar , Bindig Uwe , Reble Carina , Helfmann Jürgen
Published: April 2015

A change in the water distribution of the human body, such as water retention in the skin, can be a symptom of a pathological condition including heart failure. Therefore, a sensor for the non-invasive quantification of the water content of the skin could be useful where continuous monitoring of patients is required to detect and avoid life threatening conditions. As water is a major absorber of tissue in the near-infrared wavelength range, the water content can be determined based on reflectance measurements. Measuring the diffuse reflectance at multiple distances from the point of illumination allows the determination of absorption in scattering media such as skin. The aim of this project was to develop a small and portable sensor based on light emitting diodes and photodiodes. Evaluation of the first functional sensor design has showed that the water content of tissue phantoms can be predicted with a prediction error of 1%. Further developments towards a sensor that can be applied in a future field study are ongoing.
Political Institutions and State Sales Tax Base Erosion
Authors: Propheter Geoffrey
Published: April 2015

The sales tax has long been hailed a workhouse of state and local public finance, but its future looks grim due in no small part to the continued proliferation of exemptions. While scholars have noted the role politics plays in eroding the sales tax base, no study has empirically investigated the matter. Using a panel of 44 states from 1980 to 2010, this study addresses this gap by exploring if states’ political institutions predict variations in the level and rate of sales tax base erosion. The models show that political institutions do not systematically determine base erosion in general; though, some factors such as gubernatorial election years and political competition are found to exert some influence. The implications of the study’s abundance of null findings are also discussed.
Engaging in mobile phone-based activities for learning vocabulary: An investigation in Japan and Taiwan
Authors: Stockwell Glenn , Liu Yi Chun
Published: April 2015

Studies investigating the use of mobile technologies when other options are available are still relatively rare in the literature, with the majority of studies requiring that learners use a particular technology, either using their own devices or devices provided by the institution. One exception to this was a study by Stockwell (2010) that examined how learners in Japan perceived the use of mobile phones for language learning and how willing they were to engage in the activities. This study, however, was conducted prior to the spread of smart phones and it focused exclusively on learners in Japan. Thus, the purpose of the current study was conducted in two parts. The first part was run in essentially the same environment as the original study but where the majority of learners owned smart phones. The second part used the same system but was conducted with learners studying English at a university in Taiwan. Data were collected through server logs, post-treatment questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The results are discussed in terms of the ways in which learners engaged in the activities on their mobile phones, and the effect of the mobile platform on the time taken to complete the activities over the course of the semester. These results were correlated with those from the original 2010 study to identify the potential effect of the smart phone.
INITIAL STUDY ON FISH FAUNA IN THE THU BON ESTUARY OF QUANG NAM PROVINCE
Authors: Vi Nguyen Thi Tuong , Thao Le Thi Thu , No Bui Thi Ngoc , Quang Vo Van
Published: April 2015

This report presents the result of four surveys in 2013 at 12 sampling stations on fish composition of fish fauna in the Thu Bon estuary of Quang Nam province (the central Vietnam) and a total of 139 species of fishes were identified belonging to 110 genera, 63 families and 17 orders. Analysis of community structure of fish fauna showed that the order Perciformes was the most popular, making up 56.1%; Cypriniformes (8.6%); Pleuronectiformes (6.5%); Clupeiformes and Siluriformes (4.3%); Anguilliformes, Tetraodontiformes (3.6%); Mugiliformes (2.9%); ... The family Gobiidae was the most abundant with 12 species, making up 8.6% of the total number of species; Cyprinidae (10 species, 7.2%); Leiognathidae, Carangidae had the same number of species (6 species, 4.3%); Clupeidae, Lutjanidae: 5 species (3.6%); Serranidae, Mugilidae, Soleidae, Gerreidae, Ambassidae, Tetraodontidae: 4 species (2.9%); In addition, 4 families had 3 species, 12 families had 2 species and 35 families had 1 species. Cluster analysis based on the Bray - Curtis similarity index of nine fish faunas (Bach Dang, Thai Binh, Bu Lu, Son Tra peninsula, Thu Bon, coastal wetlands of Quang Nam, Nha Phu - Binh Cang, Ben Tre and Tra Vinh) showed that fish composition of the coastal - estuaries of Tra Vinh and Ben Tre had the highest similarity (78%), subsequently fish faunas of Thu Bon had similarity with that of Quang Nam (47%), Quang Nam and Nha Phu - Binh Cang (41%), Bu Lu and Thu Bon (38%). The result was also classified into three distinct groups of 9 fish faunas: group 1- Tra Vinh, Ben Tre and Thai Binh; group 2- Quang Nam, Thu Bon, Nha Phu - Binh Cang, Son Tra and Bu Lu; group 3- Bach Đang. The species richness (Margalef’s index) of Thu Bon (28.0) was less abundant than that of other areas: the highest species richness belonging to Tra Vinh (39.4), Thai Binh (38.6), Nha Phu - Binh Cang (35.9), Son Tra (31.8), Bu Lu (29.7), … The diversity of species composition according to the taxa in each region showed the characteristic of each fish fauna. The fish fauna is evidently typical of characteristics of the estuarine waters and coastal lagoons. There are 4 threatened species which are listed in the Vietnam’s Red Data Book (2007) at ex-tremely vulnerable levels.
Inorganic and organic trace mineral supplementation in weanling pig diets
Authors: THOMAZ MARIA C. , WATANABE PEDRO H. , PASCOAL LEONARDO A.F. , ASSIS MURILO M. , RUIZ URBANO S. , AMORIM ALESSANDRO B. , SILVA SUSANA Z. , ALMEIDA VIVIAN V. , MELO GABRIEL M.P. , ROBLES-HUAYNATE RIZAL A.
Published: April 2015

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inorganic and organic trace minerals in two levels of supplementation regarding performance, diarrhea occurrence, hematological parameters, fecal mineral excretion and mineral retention in metacarpals and liver of weanling pigs. Seventy piglets weaned at 21 days of age with an average initial body weight of 6.70 ± 0.38 kg were allotted in five treatments: control diet (no added trace mineral premix); 50% ITMP (control diet with inorganic trace mineral premix supplying only 50% of trace mineral requirements); 50% OTMP (control diet with organic trace mineral premix supplying only 50% of trace mineral requirements); 100% ITMP (control diet with inorganic trace mineral premix supplying 100% of trace mineral requirements); and 100% OTMP (control diet with organic trace mineral premix supplying 100% of trace mineral requirements). Feed intake and daily weight gain were not affected by treatments, however, piglets supplemented by trace minerals presented better gain:feed ratio. No differences were observed at calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sodium and sulfur excreted in feces per kilogram of feed intake. Treatments did not affect calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur and iron content in metacarpals. Trace mineral supplementation, regardless of level and source, improved the performance of piglets.
AMPLIAÇÃO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL NA REGIÃO SUL DO BRASIL: PONTOS E CONTRAPONTOS DA PROPOSTA CURRICULAR
Authors: Durli Zenilde , Schneider Marilda Pasqual
Published: April 2015

Este texto procura contribuir com o debate sobre a necessária revisão dos currículos escolares no contexto de ampliação do Ensino Fundamental. São apresentados resultados de um levantamento das especificidades do processo de implantação do Ensino Fundamental de nove anos na rede estadual dos três Estados que compõem a região Sul do Brasil, considerando aspectos normativos implicados na proposta de adequação dos currículos escolares. Destaca, por um lado, o caráter pouco expressivo das orientações emanadas pelas instâncias de regulação intermediária (Conselho Estadual e Secretaria de Educação dos Estados) no processo instituído e, por outro, a atribuição de responsabilidade de revisão curricular aos professores da educação básica, evidenciando (in) congruências nas ações encampadas pelos Estados sulinos
Sistemas de avaliação profissional e contratualização da gestão na Atenção Primária à Saúde em Portugal
Authors: Ney Márcia Silveira , Pierantoni Celia Regina , Lapão Luís Velez
Published: April 2015

Apresenta-se um estudo de caso realizado em Portugal sobre sistemas de avaliação profissional para atenção primária. Os objetivos foram analisar a trajetória de implantação, a estrutura organizacional e as ferramentas de gestão utilizadas, bem como discutir sobre os processos que vêm sendo instituídos no Brasil com o Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, com investigação bibliográfica de abordagem qualitativa. Os resultados indicam uma estrutura de coordenação, com descentralização dos serviços, que requer maior autonomia dos gestores de saúde e regulamentação do processo avaliativo, contribuindo para a obtenção de melhores resultados.
O trabalho do Cirurgião-Dentista na Atenção Primária à Saúde: entre o prescrito e o real
Authors: Reis Wagner Gomes , Scherer Magda Duarte dos Anjos , Carcereri Daniela Lemos
Published: April 2015

No cenário mundial, o Cirurgião-Dentista atua, sobretudo, no setor privado. No Brasil, esta realidade começa a mudar com a inclusão desse profissional na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Este estudo de caso realizado no Centro-Oeste do Brasil busca compreender o trabalho do dentista nesse contexto, através de análise documental, observação do trabalho e entrevistas. Da análise temática de conteúdo emergiram duas categorias: condições para o trabalho na ESF e modo de trabalho na ESF. A influência histórica do modelo de atenção individual, o contexto adverso do trabalho, as concepções de ESF dos profissionais e a autonomia que lhes é conferida restringem sua atuação.
A "nova classe média": repercussões psicossociais em famílias brasileiras
Authors: Saraiva Luís Fernando de Oliveira , Rezende Joyce Cristina de Oliveira , Reis João Victor de Souza , Inácio Márcio Dionizio , Schucman Lia Vainer
Published: April 2015

O presente artigo, em uma abordagem ensaística, tem como objetivo analisar efeitos psicossociais na constituição de modos de subjetivação e em famílias a partir da emergência daquilo que vem sendo nomeado de a "nova classe média brasileira". Para isto, primeiramente foi feita revisão bibliográfica de como a sociologia, economia e antropologia vem conceituando e caracterizando esta nova classe social, considerando que não há estudos acerca desse tema na Psicologia. A partir do diálogo com fontes midiáticas, buscou-se pensar como vem sendo operada a construção de um "estilo de vida" marcado pela tentativa de planejamento do futuro, consumo e meritocracia. Tais características mostram-se importantes formas de aproximação com a classe média tradicional. Por fim, buscou-se entender como famílias vêm vivenciando tais mudanças em seu cotidiano, organização e relações.
Trends in risk factors chronic diseases, according of health insurance, Brazil, 2008-2013
Authors: Malta Deborah Carvalho , Bernal Regina Tomie Ivata , Oliveira Martha
Published: April 2015

This article aims to compare the trends for risk and protective factors for NCD in the population with and without health insurance. Analysis of temporal trends of the Vigitel phone survey, collected annually in adult population. Were used analyzed the temporal series of variables referent to risk and protective factors for NCD, from 2008 to 2013. Variables were compared according to the possession or not of health insurance using simple linear regression model. There was a reduction in the prevalence of smoking in the population with and without health insurance, in 0.72% and 0,69% per year respectively. The consumption of fruits and vegetables grew 0,8% and 0.72% per year respectively among the population with and without health insurance. Physical activity in leisure time increased 1.17% and 1.01% per year among population with and without health insurance. Excess weight increased in 1.03% and obesity in 0.74% p.y in the population with health insurance and 1.53% and 0.95% p.y without health insurance. Mammography increased 2.4% in the population without health insurance. Vigitel monitoring showed improvement in the indicators in the population with and without health insurance.
Identification of diagnostic maneuvers positive for arterial compression in symptomatic or asymptomatic individuals who engage in regular weight training
Authors: Lamônica Andreza , Engelhorn Carlos Alberto , Balbino Nehru Barcos , Engelhorn Ana Luiza Dias Valiente
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUND: Arterial compression syndromes can be identified in asymptomatic individuals using specific diagnostic maneuvers involving palpation of peripheral pulses. OBJECTIVE: To identify diagnostic maneuvers positive for extrinsic compression in the upper and lower limbs of people who exercise regularly. METHODS: The sample consisted of people over 18 years old who had been attending a gym for a minimum of 1 hour per week and for at least 1 month. A data collection instrument comprising 20 questions was administered to the study participants, covering personal characteristics, the types of exercises engaged in and possible symptoms. The Adson, Hyperabduction and Costoclavicular maneuvers and also tests to reveal popliteal artery entrapment were performed. Data from the questionnaires and the maneuver results were analyzed using SPSS v.20.0. RESULTS: The study enrolled 202 volunteers who attended the gyms investigated, comprising 98 women and 104 men aged 18 to 63 (mean of 27 years). One hundred and seventy (84.2%) subjects were asymptomatic and 32 (15.8%) people reported some type of discomfort such as pain, paresthesia or a cool sensation. Ninety of the 202 individuals analyzed (44.6%) exhibited at least one positive maneuver. Total numbers of compressions per subject were as follows: two people (1%) had four positive maneuvers; 19 (9.4%) had three positive maneuvers; 31 (15.3%) had two positive maneuvers, 38 (18.8%) exhibited one positive maneuver and 112 (55 4%) people were positive for none of the maneuvers. The hyperabduction maneuver was the most prevalent maneuver. CONCLUSION: Diagnostic maneuvers positive for extrinsic arterial compression were identified in 44.6% of the asymptomatic individuals analyzed.
Surgical repair of an extracranial carotid aneurysm
Authors: Argenta Rodrigo , Braun Stela Karine
Published: April 2015

Aneurysms of the supra-aortic trunks are rare conditions that can cause peripheral neurological conditions or embolization resulting in stroke. The upper airways can even be affected and rupture is potentially fatal. We present a case of a patient with an aneurysm of the carotid bifurcation who was treated conventionally with reconstruction of the carotid bifurcation using a venous patch. Surgical treatment enabled accurate histopathological diagnosis and anatomic correction of the carotid bifurcation.
CAPITALISMO E ONTOLOGIA DA BIOÉTICA: O PROCESSO DE TRABALHO DE MÉDICOS DE FAMÍLIA NA ITÁLIA
Authors: Lima Rita de Cássia Gabrielli Souza , Verdi Marta Inez Machado
Published: April 2015

O artigo examina as fragilidades que permeiam as inter-relações estabelecidas no processo de trabalho de médicos de família italianos para conhecer possíveis conflitos éticos. Trata-se de um estudo de campo, de abordagem qualitativa e caráter explora-tório-descritivo, realizado em 2007, na província de Roma, região do Lácio, Itália, com médicos de família italianos conveniados ao Serviço Sanitário Nacional. Analisados à luz da bioética cotidiana, os resultados mostram conflitos éticos gerados diretamente pelo modelo de organização de atenção em saúde do Serviço Sanitário Nacional e pelo mercado da indústria farmacêutica e indiretamente pela sociedade, tendo como pano de fundo o capitalismo em sua face neoliberal.
Gill dimensions in near-term embryos of Amazonian freshwater stingrays (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae) and their relationship to the lifestyle and habitat of neonatal pups
Authors: Duncan Wallice Paxiúba , Silva Maria Isabel da , Fernandes Marisa Narciso
Published: April 2015

This comparative study of gill morphometrics in near-term embryos of freshwater stingray potamotrygonids examines gill dimensions in relation to neonatal lifestyle and habitat. In embryos of the potamotrygonids Paratrygon aiereba, Plesiotrygon iwamae, Potamotrygon motoro, Potamotrygon orbignyi, and cururu ray Potamotrygon sp. the number and length of filaments, total gill surface area, mass-specific surface area, water-blood diffusion distance, and anatomical diffusion factor were analysed. In all potamotrygonids, the 3rd branchial arch possessed a larger respiratory surface than the other gill arches. Larger embryos had more gill surface area and large spiracles, which are necessary to maintain the high oxygen uptake needed due to their larger body size. However, the higher mass-specific gill surface area observed in near-term embryos may be advantageous because neonates can use hypoxic environments as refuges against predators, as well as catch small prey that inhabit the same environment. As expected from their benthic mode of life, freshwater stingrays are sluggish animals compared to pelagic fishes. However, based on gill respiratory morphometry (such as gill area, mass-specific gill area, the water-blood diffusion barrier, anatomical diffusion factor, and relative opening of the spiracle), subtypes of lifestyles can be observed corresponding to: active, intermediate, and sluggish species according to Gray's scale.
TOXOPLASMOSIS IN MEXICO: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION IN HUMANS AND ANIMALS
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ-CORTAZAR Ivonne , ACOSTA-VIANA Karla Y. , ORTEGA-PACHECO Antonio , GUZMAN-MARIN Eugenia del S. , AGUILAR-CABALLERO Armando J. , JIMÉNEZ-COELLO Matilde
Published: April 2015

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease widely distributed throughout the world, infecting a wide variety of animal species including humans. In Mexico, this parasite has been detected in different parts of the country, particularly in the tropical areas where the parasite can remain infective for long periods of time due to the environmental conditions (i.e. high temperature and humidity over the whole year). Several epidemiological studies have been conducted in both human and animal populations, but despite the wide distribution of the agent in the country, there is a significant lack of knowledge on the parasite transmission, treatment alternatives and control measures. The lack of feral cat populations and control measures in sites of meat production for human consumption are playing a role that has led to the wide spread of the disease in the country, particularly in tropical areas of Southeastern Mexico. For these reasons, this manuscript aims to review the published information on relevant epidemiological aspects of infection with T. gondii in humans and animals from Mexico.
Rickettsia typhi IN RODENTS AND R. felis IN FLEAS IN YUCATÁN AS A POSSIBLE CAUSAL AGENT OF UNDEFINED FEBRILE CASES
Authors: PENICHE-LARA Gaspar , DZUL-ROSADO Karla , PÉREZ-OSORIO Carlos , ZAVALA-CASTRO Jorge
Published: April 2015

Rickettsia typhi is the causal agent of murine typhus; a worldwide zoonotic and vector-borne infectious disease, commonly associated with the presence of domestic and wild rodents. Human cases of murine typhus in the state of Yucatán are frequent. However, there is no evidence of the presence of Rickettsia typhi in mammals or vectors in Yucatán. The presence of Rickettsia in rodents and their ectoparasites was evaluated in a small municipality of Yucatán using the conventional polymerase chain reaction technique and sequencing. The study only identified the presence of Rickettsia typhi in blood samples obtained from Rattus rattus and it reported, for the first time, the presence of R. felis in the flea Polygenis odiosus collected from Ototylomys phyllotis rodent. Additionally, Rickettsia felis was detected in the ectoparasite Ctenocephalides felis fleas parasitizing the wild rodent Peromyscus yucatanicus. This study’s results contributed to a better knowledge of Rickettsia epidemiology in Yucatán.
IDENTIFICATION OF Leishmania infantum IN PUERTO IGUAZÚ, MISIONES, ARGENTINA
Authors: ACOSTA Lucrecia , DÍAZ Ricardo , TORRES Pedro , SILVA Gustavo , RAMOS Marina , FATTORE Gladys , DESCHUTTER Enrique J. , BORNAY-LLINARES Fernando J.
Published: April 2015

The emergence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) in Latin America is a growing public health problem. The urbanization of ZVL has been observed in different countries around the world, and there are a growing number of reports drawing attention to the emergence of this infection in new locations, as well as its increase in previously established areas of endemicity. In the city of Posadas, Misiones province, Northeastern Argentina, the transmission of ZVL associated with canines and Lutzomyia longipalpis was first reported in 2006. In the city of Puerto Iguazú, also in Misiones province, the first human case of ZVL was reported in February 2014. From 209 surveyed dogs, 15 (7.17%) were identified as positive by serological and/or parasitological methods. Amplification was observed in 14 samples and in all cases the species implicated was Leishmania infantum. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first molecular characterization of L. infantum from dogs in this area.
The burden of abdominal obesity with physical inactivity on health expenditure in Brazil
Authors: Codogno Jamile S. , Turi Bruna C. , Sarti Flávia M. , Fernandes Rômulo A. , Monteiro Henrique L.
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between the clustering of physical inactivity with abdominal obesity and public health care expenditure in Brazilian adults. The sample was composed of 963 patients of both genders, randomly selected in the Brazilian Public Health care System during 2010. Entire health care expenditures during the last year were computed and stratified into: medical consultations, medication dispensing, laboratory tests and overall expenditure. Waist circumference was used to diagnose abdominal obesity and physical activity was assessed by previously validated questionnaire. Sedentary and abdominally obese patients (OR= 3.01 [OR95%CI= 1.81-4.99]) had higher likelihood be inserted in the group of higher expenditures than only abdominally obese patients (OR= 1.66 [OR95%CI= 1.07-2.59]). There is a synergic effect between abdominal obesity and physical inactivity on overall health care expenditures.