bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medicinal Utility of Some Schiff Bases and their Complexes with First Transition Series Metals: A Review
Authors: Khan Tahmeena , Zehra Saima , Alvi Almas , Fatima Umama , J. Lawrence Alfred
Published: November 2021

Schiff based ligands and their complexes have emerged as potential drug candidates. Owing to their excellent chelating tendency, they easily coordinate with transition metals which have vacant orbitals. Transition metal complexes have several advantages because of their better acceptability and low toxicity in biological systems. These metals also serve as micronutrients and as co-factors of various metallo-enzymes which justifies the need of their designing and synthesis. Many modifications have been suggested in the ligand moiety for the purpose of activity enhancement and some of them have been described in the present review. These modifications have enhanced better potency against a number of diseases and resulting in low toxicity and better solubility in vivo. The transition metal complexes with Schiff based complexes have exhibited an array of activities including anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial. Their analytical applications have also been reported. The present review summarizes some of the recent advances in the field of synthesis and designing of new Schiff based complexes particularly with first transition series metals and their medicinal applications.
Screen Printing Strategy for Investigation of Spectrophotometric Properties of Modified Thick Films of Zirconium Oxide (ZrO2): Tin Oxide (SnO2) Composites
Authors: Nikam R. M. , Patil A. P. , Kapadnis K. H. , Ahirrao A. D. , Borse R.Y.
Published: November 2021

There are numerous methods has been investigated and developed for the preparation of thin and thick films. Thick film technology is utilized for the production of electronic devices like surface mount devices, in the preparation of hybrid integrated circuit, in the formulation of heating elements, in the construction of integrated passive devices and sensors. Pure tin oxide (SnO2) and composite 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 9 % zirconium oxide (ZrO2) thick films of dimensions 2 cm×1 cm incorporated into pure tin oxide (SnO2) were prepared with standard screen printing method. All samples were fabricated on glass support. The thick films were subjected to drying and firing at 5000C at 5 hours in muffle furnace. Thick films of tin oxide (SnO2) and composite 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 9 % zirconium oxide (ZrO2) incorporated into pure tin oxide (SnO2) were checked for Scanning Electron Microscopy (S.E.M), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (E.D.A.X), X-ray diffraction (X.R.D), Fourier Transform infra-Red (F.T.I.R) and Ultra-Violet-Visible spectroscopy (U.V) for surface morphology, elemental analysis, crystalline phases of films, vibrational and spectrophotometric study respectively. In this research paper the spectrophotometric parameters such as absorbance and absorption coefficient with pure and compositional thick films were a part of investigation and surveillance.
Interpretasi Tingkat Kekerasan Batuan Bawah Permukaan di Daerah Rawan Gempa Bumi Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Hadi Arif Ismul , Refrizon Refrizon , Halauddin Halauddin , Lidiawati Liza , Edo Paisal
Published: November 2021

Bengkulu City is located in the subduction zone of the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates, so it is prone to earthquake. To anticipate the impact of earthquake, disaster mitigation can be carried out, one of which is a study of the level of rock hardness in the area. This study aims to determine the level of rock hardness based on seismic wave velocity in several rock formations and to determine which rock formations have the potential to cause vulnerability to earthquakes. Field data acquisition uses the seismic refraction method with time-term inversion technique. The data obtained in the field are processed to obtain a 2-D cross-section of the subsurface seismic wave velocity values. The study results show that the level of rock hardness depends on the type of rock formation. The Andesite Rock Formation Unit (Tpan) has the highest level of hardness, while the transitional area between the Alluvium Rock Formation Unit (Qa) and the Swamp Sedimentary Rock Formation Unit (Qs) has the lowest level of hardness.
Erbium-doped circular photonic crystal fiber design for the amplification of 20 OAM modes
Authors: Mehta Aditi , Rehan Mohd , Rastogi Vipul
Published: November 2021

We propose a fiber design consisting of ring-shaped erbium-doped core surrounded by circularly arranged holes of varying radius in fused silica glass to amplify higher-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. We numerically demonstrate simultaneous amplification of 20 OAM modes (

l
=

5

, 6, 7, 8, 9) with more than 20 dB gain at 1550 nm wavelength while having differential modal gain of 0.12 dB. We also demonstrate amplification of modes over the C-band with gain excursion of less than 2 dB, differential modal gain of less than 0.2 dB, and noise figure less than 4.2 dB. The proposed erbium-doped fiber amplifier would be useful in high-data-rate space-division multiplexing optical-communication systems.
Large mode area double-clad ytterbium-doped spun tapered fiber
Authors: Fedotov Andrei , Ustimchik Vasilii , Rissanen Joona , Noronen Teppo , Gumenyuk Regina , Kolosovskii Alexander , Voloshin Victor , Vorob’ev Igor , Chamorovskii Yuri , Filippov Valery
Published: November 2021

We performed a comparative study of Yb-doped double-clad large mode area (

M
F
D

=

31

µ

m

) spun tapered fibers with different pitch lengths. A novel type of spun tapered fibers with constant pitch lengths of 7.5, 15, and 30 mm, internal birefringence as low as

∼

10

−
8

, and perfect output beam quality (

M

2

<

1.2

) has been manufactured and investigated. We demonstrated the efficient direct amplification of a picosecond pulsed signal (95 ps/100 MHz, 1064 nm) in the spun active tapered fiber with optimized geometry providing an average output power of 71 W (gain 32 dB, 74% slope efficiency). Efficient green light generation (

λ
=

532

n
m

) with 17 W average power (1.7 µJ) and 80 pm linewidth was demonstrated using the developed master oscillator power amplifier system.
Neuronal HSF-1 coordinates the propagation of fat desaturation across tissues to enable adaptation to high temperatures in C. elegans
Authors: Chauve Laetitia , Hodge Francesca , Murdoch Sharlene , Masoudzadeh Fatemeh , Mann Harry-Jack , Lopez-Clavijo Andrea F. , Okkenhaug Hanneke , West Greg , Sousa Bebiana C. , Segonds-Pichon Anne , Li Cheryl , Wingett Steven W. , Kienberger Hermine , Kleigrewe Karin , de Bono Mario , Wakelam Michael J. O. , Casanueva Olivia
Published: November 2021

To survive elevated temperatures, ectotherms adjust the fluidity of membranes by fine-tuning lipid desaturation levels in a process previously described to be cell autonomous. We have discovered that, inCaenorhabditis elegans, neuronal heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1), the conserved master regulator of the heat shock response (HSR), causes extensive fat remodeling in peripheral tissues. These changes include a decrease in fat desaturase and acid lipase expression in the intestine and a global shift in the saturation levels of plasma membrane’s phospholipids. The observed remodeling of plasma membrane is in line with ectothermic adaptive responses and gives worms a cumulative advantage to warm temperatures. We have determined that at least 6 TAX-2/TAX-4 cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) gated channel expressing sensory neurons, and transforming growth factor ß (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) are required for signaling across tissues to modulate fat desaturation. We also find neuronalhsf-1is not only sufficient but also partially necessary to control the fat remodeling response and for survival at warm temperatures. This is the first study to show that a thermostat-based mechanism can cell nonautonomously coordinate membrane saturation and composition across tissues in a multicellular animal.
How the spleen reshapes and retains young and old red blood cells: A computational investigation
Authors: Li He , Liu Zixiang Leonardo , Lu Lu , Buffet Pierre , Karniadakis George Em
Published: November 2021

The spleen, the largest secondary lymphoid organ in humans, not only fulfils a broad range of immune functions, but also plays an important role in red blood cell’s (RBC) life cycle. Although much progress has been made to elucidate the critical biological processes involved in the maturation of young RBCs (reticulocytes) as well as removal of senescent RBCs in the spleen, the underlying mechanisms driving these processes are still obscure. Herein, we perform a computational study to simulate the passage of RBCs through interendothelial slits (IES) in the spleen at different stages of their lifespan and investigate the role of the spleen in facilitating the maturation of reticulocytes and in clearing the senescent RBCs. Our simulations reveal that at the beginning of the RBC life cycle, intracellular non-deformable particles in reticulocytes can be biomechanically expelled from the cell upon passage through IES, an insightful explanation of why this peculiar “pitting” process is spleen-specific. Our results also show that immature RBCs shed surface area by releasing vesicles after crossing IES and progressively acquire the biconcave shape of mature RBCs. These findings likely explain why RBCs from splenectomized patients are significantly larger than those from nonsplenectomized subjects. Finally, we show that at the end of their life span, senescent RBCs are not only retained by IES due to reduced deformability but also become susceptible to mechanical lysis under shear stress. This finding supports the recent hypothesis that transformation into a hemolyzed ghost is a prerequisite for phagocytosis of senescent RBCs. Altogether, our computational investigation illustrates critical biological processes in the spleen that cannot be observed in vivo or in vitro and offer insights into the role of the spleen in the RBC physiology.
Mathematical modelling of human P2X-mediated plasma membrane electrophysiology and calcium dynamics in microglia
Authors: Poshtkohi Alireza , Wade John , McDaid Liam , Liu Junxiu , Dallas Mark , Bithell Angela
Published: November 2021

Regulation of cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) dynamics is fundamental to microglial function. Temporal and spatial Ca2+ fluxes are induced from a complicated signal transduction pathway linked to brain ionic homeostasis. In this paper, we develop a novel biophysical model of Ca2+ and sodium (Na+) dynamics in human microglia and evaluate the contribution of purinergic receptors (P2XRs) to both intracellular Ca2+ and Na+ levels in response to agonist/ATP binding. This is the first comprehensive model that integrates P2XRs to predict intricate Ca2+ and Na+ transient responses in microglia. Specifically, a novel compact biophysical model is proposed for the capture of whole-cell patch-clamp currents associated with P2X4 and P2X7 receptors, which is composed of only four state variables. The entire model shows that intricate intracellular ion dynamics arise from the coupled interaction between P2X4 and P2X7 receptors, the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), Ca2+ extrusion by the plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA), and Ca2+ and Na+ leak channels. Both P2XRs are modelled as two separate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) gated Ca2+ and Na+ conductance channels, where the stoichiometry is the removal of one Ca2+ for the hydrolysis of one ATP molecule. Two unique sets of model parameters were determined using an evolutionary algorithm to optimise fitting to experimental data for each of the receptors. This allows the proposed model to capture both human P2X7 and P2X4 data (hP2X7 and hP2X4). The model architecture enables a high degree of simplicity, accuracy and predictability of Ca2+ and Na+ dynamics thus providing quantitative insights into different behaviours of intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ which will guide future experimental research. Understanding the interactions between these receptors and other membrane-bound transporters provides a step forward in resolving the qualitative link between purinergic receptors and microglial physiology and their contribution to brain pathology.
Engines of change: Transposable element mutation rates are high and variable within Daphnia magna
Authors: Ho Eddie K. H. , Bellis Emily S. , Calkins Jaclyn , Adrion Jeffrey R. , Latta IV Leigh C. , Schaack Sarah
Published: November 2021

Transposable elements (TEs) represent a major portion of most eukaryotic genomes, yet little is known about their mutation rates or how their activity is shaped by other evolutionary forces. Here, we compare short- and long-term patterns of genome-wide mutation accumulation (MA) of TEs among 9 genotypes from three populations of Daphnia magna from across a latitudinal gradient. While the overall proportion of the genome comprised of TEs is highly similar among genotypes from Finland, Germany, and Israel, populations are distinguishable based on patterns of insertion site polymorphism. Our direct rate estimates indicate TE movement is highly variable (net rates ranging from -11.98 to 12.79 x 10−5 per copy per generation among genotypes), differing both among populations and TE families. Although gains outnumber losses when selection is minimized, both types of events appear to be highly deleterious based on their low frequency in control lines where propagation is not limited to random, single-progeny descent. With rate estimates 4 orders of magnitude higher than base substitutions, TEs clearly represent a highly mutagenic force in the genome. Quantifying patterns of intra- and interspecific variation in TE mobility with and without selection provides insight into a powerful mechanism generating genetic variation in the genome.
FOXR1 regulates stress response pathways and is necessary for proper brain development
Authors: Mota Andressa , Waxman Hannah K. , Hong Rui , Lagani Gavin D. , Niu Sheng-Yong , Bertherat Féodora L. , Wolfe Lynne , Malicdan Christine May , Markello Thomas C. , Adams David R. , Gahl William A. , Cheng Christine S. , Beffert Uwe , Ho Angela
Published: November 2021

The forkhead box (Fox) family of transcription factors are highly conserved and play essential roles in a wide range of cellular and developmental processes. We report an individual with severe neurological symptoms including postnatal microcephaly, progressive brain atrophy and global developmental delay associated with ade novomissense variant (M280L) in theFOXR1gene. At the protein level, M280L impaired FOXR1 expression and induced a nuclear aggregate phenotype due to protein misfolding and proteolysis. RNAseq and pathway analysis showed that FOXR1 acts as a transcriptional activator and repressor with central roles in heat shock response, chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding and cellular response to stress pathways. Indeed, FOXR1 expression is increased in response to cellular stress, a process in which it directly controlsHSPA6,HSPA1AandDHRS2transcripts. The M280L mutant compromises FOXR1’s ability to respond to stress, in part due to impaired regulation of downstream target genes that are involved in the stress response pathway. Quantitative PCR of mouse embryo tissues showFoxr1expression in the embryonic brain. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, we found that deletion of mouseFoxr1leads to a severe survival deficit while surviving newbornFoxr1knockout mice have reduced body weight. Further examination of newbornFoxr1knockout brains revealed a decrease in cortical thickness and enlarged ventricles compared to littermate wild-type mice, suggesting that loss ofFoxr1leads to atypical brain development. Combined, these results suggest FOXR1 plays a role in cellular stress response pathways and is necessary for normal brain development.
Remission, relapse, and risk of major cardiovascular events after metabolic surgery in persons with hypertension: A Swedish nationwide registry-based cohort study
Authors: Stenberg Erik , Marsk Richard , Sundbom Magnus , Ottosson Johan , Jernberg Tomas , Näslund Ingmar , Näslund Erik
Published: November 2021

Background

Several studies have shown that metabolic surgery is associated with remission of diabetes and hypertension. In terms of diabetes, factors such as duration, insulin use, weight loss, and age have been shown to contribute to the likelihood of remission. Such factors have not been determined for hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors associated with the remission and relapse of hypertension after metabolic surgery, as well as the risk for major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and mortality in patients with and without remission.

Methods and findings

All adults who underwent metabolic surgery between January 2007 and June 2016 were identified in the nationwide Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg). Through cross-linkage with the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, Patient Register, and Statistics Sweden, individual data on prescriptions, inpatient and outpatient diagnoses, and mortality were retrieved. Of the 15,984 patients with pharmacologically treated hypertension, 6,286 (39.3%) were in remission at 2 years. High weight loss and male sex were associated with higher chance of remission, while duration, number of antihypertensive drugs, age, body mass index (BMI), cardiovascular disease, and dyslipidemia were associated with lower chance. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, comorbidities, and education, the cumulative probabilities of MACEs (2.8% versus 5.7%, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47 to 0.77, p < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (4.0% versus 8.0%, adjusted OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.88, p = 0.002) were lower for patients being in remission at 2 years compared with patients not in remission, despite relapse of hypertension in 2,089 patients (cumulative probability 56.3%) during 10-year follow-up. The main limitations of the study were missing information on nonpharmacological treatment for hypertension and the observational study design.

Conclusions

In this study, we observed an association between high postoperative weight loss and male sex with better chance of remission, while we observed a lower chance of remission depending on disease severity and presence of other metabolic comorbidities. Patients who achieved remission had a halved risk of MACE and death compared with those who did not. The results suggest that in patients with severe obesity and hypertension, metabolic surgery should not be delayed.
Picture semantic similarity search based on bipartite network of picture-tag type
Authors: Zhang Mingxi , Yang Liuqian , Dong Yipeng , Wang Jinhua , Zhang Qinghan
Published: November 2021

Searching similar pictures for a given picture is an important task in numerous applications, including image recommendation system, image classification and image retrieval. Previous studies mainly focused on the similarities of content, which measures similarities based on visual features, such as color and shape, and few of them pay enough attention to semantics. In this paper, we propose a link-based semantic similarity search method, namely PictureSim, for effectively searching similar pictures by building a picture-tag network. The picture-tag network is built by “description” relationships between pictures and tags, in which tags and pictures are treated as nodes, and relationships between pictures and tags are regarded as edges. Then we design a TF-IDF-based model to removes the noisy links, so the traverses of these links can be reduced. We observe that “similar pictures contain similar tags, and similar tags describe similar pictures”, which is consistent with the intuition of the SimRank. Consequently, we utilize the SimRank algorithm to compute the similarity scores between pictures. Compared with content-based methods, PictureSim could effectively search similar pictures semantically. Extensive experiments on real datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the PictureSim.
The impact of environmental regulation on green total factor productivity: An empirical analysis
Authors: He Qin , Han Yaowu , Wang Lei
Published: November 2021

The transformation of China’s economy from extensive growth to high-quality development is essentially an increase in green total factor productivity (GTFP). China currently has a range of environmental regulation tools, and the question of whether environmental regulation can promote improvement in China’s GTFP requires theoretical and empirical analysis. This article first divides environmental regulation into three types: administrative, market-based and information-based. It then builds an empirical model of the effect of environmental regulation on GTFP. Slacks based measure-data envelope analysis (SBM-DEA) and the Malmquist index are used to measure the GTFP of 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2018, and a measurement model of the impact of environmental regulation on GTFP is established. The results show that: (1) there are significant differences in GTFP in eastern, central and western China; (2) there is a non-linear relationship between environmental regulations and GTFP.
Rv0180c contributes to Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell shape and to infectivity in mice and macrophages
Authors: Payros Delphine , Alonso Henar , Malaga Wladimir , Volle Arnaud , Mazères Serge , Déjean Sébastien , Valière Sophie , Moreau Flavie , Balor Stéphanie , Stella Alexandre , Combes-Soia Lucie , Burlet-Schiltz Odile , Bouchez Olivier , Nigou Jérôme , Astarie-Dequeker Catherine , Guilhot Christophe
Published: November 2021

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the main causative agent of human tuberculosis, is transmitted from person to person via small droplets containing very few bacteria. Optimizing the chance to seed in the lungs is therefore a major adaptation to favor survival and dissemination in the human population. Here we used TnSeq to identify genes important for the early events leading to bacterial seeding in the lungs. Beside several genes encoding known virulence factors, we found three new candidates not previously described: rv0180c, rv1779c and rv1592c. We focused on the gene, rv0180c, of unknown function. First, we found that deletion of rv0180c in M. tuberculosis substantially reduced the initiation of infection in the lungs of mice. Next, we established that Rv0180c enhances entry into macrophages through the use of complement-receptor 3 (CR3), a major phagocytic receptor for M. tuberculosis. Silencing CR3 or blocking the CR3 lectin site abolished the difference in entry between the wild-type parental strain and the Δrv0180c::km mutant. However, we detected no difference in the production of both CR3-known carbohydrate ligands (glucan, arabinomannan, mannan), CR3-modulating lipids (phthiocerol dimycocerosate), or proteins in the capsule of the Δrv0180c::km mutant in comparison to the wild-type or complemented strains. By contrast, we established that Rv0180c contributes to the functionality of the bacterial cell envelope regarding resistance to toxic molecule attack and cell shape. This alteration of bacterial shape could impair the engagement of membrane receptors that M. tuberculosis uses to invade host cells, and open a new perspective on the modulation of bacterial infectivity.
ECONOMIC PLURALISM AND THE PROCESS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL PLURALISM IN COMMUNITARIAN TOURISM ACTIVITIES DEVELOPED BY THE BELA VISTA DO JARAQUI COMMUNITY - MANAUS - AM
Authors: Chaves Paula Cristina Pereira Rodrigues , Anjos Francisco Antônio dos , Coutinho Helen Rita Menezes
Published: November 2021

This study seeks to contribute to discussions related to other economic and entrepreneurial realities existing in Brazil, excluded because they do not fit the globalizing reality, but which contribute, in a way, to the improvement of life in lower social classes, adding in sociocultural aspects, feeding both collective labor forces and the formal economy of many capitalist companies, in which tourism is also inserted. That said, the aim of this article proposes to verify the entrepreneurial pluralism based on the economic pluralism of Zaoual (2006), identifying different entrepreneurial forms related to communitarian tourism developed in the Bela Vista do Jaraqui community, in Manaus-Amazonas. From the perspective of the dialectic of qualitative approach, we conducted field and participant research with the community with the intention of interviewing and observing the entrepreneurial practices related to communitarian tourism. The results point to the presence of entrepreneurial forms, which appear as: Bezamat's turner entrepreneurship (2017), Zaoual's situated entrepreneurship (2006), and Mandrysz's social entrepreneurship (2020). In addition, the studies found some weaknesses in relation to community and institutional arrangements.
THE TOURISM ETHNIC SPACE AND ITS SYMBOLIC INTERFACES
Authors: Santos Danielle Marian Araujo dos , Anjos Francisco Antônio dos , Carvalho Joelma Monteiro de , Tricarico Luciano Torres
Published: November 2021

This article discusses the touristic ethnic space in an indigenous community located in the metropolitan region of Manaus. The study is based on the ethnic perspective, as a historical construction of the identity of a specific group of people, a social group that has a different way of life from the urban world. The research purpose was to analyze the absolute, relative and relational space of a touristic indigenous community, pointing out the territorialities that were built from the touristic activity. The methodology was based on an exploratory study, and the geographic constituency was the Sahu-Apé community, in which it was possible to identify not only the functional dimension, but also its symbolic dimension within the space formed by a set of unique symbols of the ethnic group, compared to other groups. For Haesbaert (2004), these mastery constitute the identity and establish the ways in which relationships are built in indigenous societies based on their ancestors. As main results, it was found that the identity of the Sateré people is configured in its most important object in the tourist activity, and the physical and symbolic space is the tourist product that has been built over time.
Government School Principals Style and Its Effect on Academic Achievement in Ethiopia
Authors: Jibril Mustefa
Published: November 2021

This research was conducted at 15 government schools in Addis Ababa. The objectives of this research are to identify principal style and its effect on academic achievement. The “Leader Behaviour Description Questionnaire” (LBDQ) formed by Halpin (1966) was used. Meanwhile Academic achievement was measured using the “School Certificate Examination Results from 2017-2020. A total of 191 teachers and 15 principals from government school in Addis Ababa were randomly chosen. Pearson correlation was used to analyse the data. To support data obtained from questionnaire given 10 teachers were interviewed. The results showed that most of the school leaders adopt a democratic style of leadership. There was a significant correlation between the structure of task-oriented leadership style and students’ performance in the examinations. Correlation analysis also showed that principals practice task- oriented structure and consideration-oriented structure in relation to their work responsiblities. Furthermore, findings also showed that majority of the principals are more likely to practice consideration-oriented leadership style compared to structure-oriented leadership style.
Percepção dos usuários hipertensos e diabéticos sobre consulta de enfermagem na estratégia saúde da família
Authors: Campos Janaína Farias , Costa Alice Marias Gonçalves , Gomes Ramon Martins , Varela Leilany Dantas , Martins Rosa Maria Granjeiro , Rocha Regina Petrola Bastos , Alves Dailon De Araujo
Published: November 2021

Objetivos: Conhecer a percepção dos hipertensos e diabéticos acerca da consulta de enfermagem. Método: Estudo qualitativo, com 12 usuários hipertensos e diabéticos, assistidos pela Estratégia Saúde da Família, em um município cearense. Utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada, com posterior analise e categorização segundo os pressupostos da Análise Temática. A pesquisa foi submetida ao comitê de ética recebendo o parecer favorável nº 4.199.675. Resultados: Emergiram quatro categorias temáticas: Conhecimento dos usuários sobre as doenças crônicas; Hiperdia: Frequência, tratamento e acompanhamento dos hipertensos e diabéticos; Percepção da consulta de enfermagem na visão dos hipertensos e diabéticos; Motivos pela busca da consulta de enfermagem. Conclusão: A visão dos usuários foi satisfatória em relação a consulta de enfermagem, contudo revelam-se consultas centradas principalmente na renovação de receitas. Os achados reforçam temas como autocuidado e mudanças de estilo de vida, garantindo maior qualidade e eficácia durante o tratamento.
O sentido do trabalho: um estudo de caso com docentes argentinos / The Sense of Work: a Case Study with Professors from Argentina
Authors: Gai Maria Julia Pegoraro , Costa Vânia Medianeira Flores , Lopes Luis Felipe Dias , Meinerz Daniele Letícia , Sales Synara Sepúlveda
Published: November 2021

O trabalho docente passa por mudanças quanto a demanda e organização do trabalho, que acabam exercendo influência na vivência em sua função. Tendo isso em vista, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o sentido do trabalho de docentes de uma instituição de ensino superior pública argentina. Utilizou-se a Escala del Trabajo con Sentido para coleta de dados quantitativos com 200 docentes, analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, tabelas de frequências e padronização das escalas. Coletou-se os dados qualitativos com entrevistas com 8 docentes, analisadas por análise de conteúdo. Identificou-se que os docentes têm uma percepção positiva quanto ao sentido do seu trabalho, pois todos os fatores foram classificados como alto, o que foi corroborado pelos dados qualitativos.
Distribuição de óbitos por causas externas entre crianças menores de um ano, 2004-2019 / Distribution of deaths from external causes among children under one year during the period of 2004-2019
Authors: Silva Nathalia Mendes da , Silva Esther Rohem Costa , Nascimento Maria Isabel do
Published: November 2021

Resumo: O objetivo foi analisar a distribuição de óbitos por acidentes e violências em crianças menores de 1 ano. Métodos: o número de óbitos foi obtido no site do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde considerando o período de 2004-2019. Resultados: No período ocorreram 16.274 mortes de bebês devido aos acidentes (n=12.984) e violências (n=3.290), configurando a quinta causa de morte no primeiro ano de vida. A maior parte dos óbitos por acidentes foi devida a “outras causas de traumatismos acidentais” (n=11.300), e mais de 75% deles foi devido à aspiração de objeto, alimento, conteúdo gástrico. As agressões (n=1450) apresentaram tendência de aumento no período de estudo. Conclusão: Os acidentes e violências ocupam a quinta causa de morte de crianças menores de 1 ano. Tendo em vista a evitabilidade desses óbitos é crucial a proposição de intervenções que antecedam o nascimento da criança, preferencialmente envolvendo a atenção pré-natal. Abstract:The objective was to analyze the distribution of deaths due to accidents and violence in children under 1 year of age. Methods: the number of deaths was obtained from the website of the Informatics Department of the Unified Health System considering the period 2004-2019. Results: In the period there were 16,274 deaths of babies due to accidents (n=12,984) and violence (n=3,290), making up the fifth cause of death in the first year of life. Most of the deaths from accidents were due to “other causes of accidental trauma” (n=11,300), and more than 75% of them were due to aspiration of objects, food, gastric contents. Aggression (n=1450) tended to increase during the study period. Conclusion: Accidents and violence are the fifth leading cause of death for children under 1 year of age. In view of the preventability of these deaths, it is crucial to propose interventions that precede the child's birth, preferably involving prenatal care.Keywords: Children. External Causes. Accidents. Violence. Mortality. Child mortality.
Notes from the Editors, November 2021
Authors: The Editors -
Published: November 2021

buy this issue

There is an urgent need to transcend the deep chasm in historical materialism, extending back to the 1920s, between the Western Marxist philosophical tradition and the Marxism of the Second and Third Internationals. This division has been closely associated with so-called Western Marxism’s rejection of the dialectics of nature.
The Present in History, 2021
Authors: Tabb William K.
Published: November 2021

The job of socialists is to engage with public policy from a class perspective, informed by a Marxist understanding of contemporary capitalism—not to reform it, but to abolish it.
The nexus between human resources practices, intrapreneurship and organizational innovation
Authors: Peyravi Bahman , Jakubavicius Arturas , Bickauskas Rytis , Mazur Kateryna , Piven Alyona
Published: November 2021

In today’s world, the impact of strategic human resources management on innovation activities plays key role in organizational development and change management. The aim of this research is to determine the impact of human resource management on intrapreneurship and organizational innovation. It is emphasized by many significant authors in last decades that the entrepreneurial activity is at the heart of competitiveness, productivity growth, innovation, economic growth and job creation. The research based on literature review and personal interpretation on the topic. Theoretical analysis on relevant researches on nexus between human resources management, organizational innovation and intrapreneurship, presentation of conceptual framework, presentation of the research findings are the objectives of the research. This study has potential limitations such as data collection process and access to the relevant literature. Research results emphasize on the impact of job selection process, training process, reward and motivational techniques on organizational innovation and intrapreneurship.
Balanced Enhancements of Synaptic Excitation and Inhibition Underlie Developmental Maturation of Receptive Fields in the Mouse Visual Cortex
Authors: Fang Qi , Li Ya-tang , Peng Bo , Li Zhong , Zhang Li I. , Tao Huizhong W.
Published: November 2021

Neurons in the developing visual cortex undergo progressive functional maturation as indicated by the refinement of their visual feature selectivity. However, changes of the synaptic architecture underlying the maturation of spatial visual receptive fields (RFs) per se remain largely unclear. Here, loose-patch as well as single-unit recordings in layer 4 of mouse primary visual cortex (V1) of both sexes revealed that RF development following an eye-opening period is marked by an increased proportion of cortical neurons with spatially defined RFs, together with the increased signal-to-noise ratio of spiking responses. By exploring excitatory and inhibitory synaptic RFs with whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings, we observed a balanced enhancement of both synaptic excitation and inhibition, and while the excitatory subfield size remains relatively constant during development, the inhibitory subfield is broadened. This balanced developmental strengthening of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs results in enhanced visual responses, and with a reduction of spontaneous firing rate, contributes to the maturation of visual cortical RFs. Visual deprivation by dark rearing impedes the normal strengthening of excitatory inputs but leaves the apparently normal enhancement of inhibition while preventing the broadening of the inhibitory subfield, leading to weakened RF responses and a reduced fraction of neurons exhibiting a clear RF, compared with normally reared animals. Our data demonstrate that an experience-dependent and coordinated maturation of excitatory and inhibitory circuits underlie the functional development of visual cortical RFs.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe organization of synaptic RFs is a fundamental determinant of feature selectivity functions in the cortex. However, how changes of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs lead to the functional maturation of visual RFs during cortical development remains not well understood. In layer 4 of mouse V1, we show that a coordinated, balanced enhancement of synaptic excitation and inhibition contributes to the developmental maturation of spatially defined visual RFs. Visual deprivation by dark rearing partially interferes with this process, resulting in a relatively more dominant inhibitory tone and a reduced fraction of neurons exhibiting clear RFs at the spike level. These data provide an unprecedented understanding of the functional development of visual cortical RFs at the synaptic level.
The use of control theory methods in neural networks’ trainingbased on a handwritten text
Authors: Smorodin Andrii V.
Published: November 2021

The paper shows the importance of reducing the neural networks’ training time at present stage and the role of new optimization methods in neural networks’ training. The paper researches a modification of stochastic gradient descent, which is based on the idea of gradient descent representation as a discrete dynamical system. The connection between the extreme points, to which the gradient descent iterations tend, and the stationary points of the corresponding discrete dynamical system is a consequence of this representation. The further applied stabilizing scheme with predictive control, for which a theoretical apparatus was developed bymeans of geometric complex analysis together with solving optimization tasks in a set of polynomials with real coefficients, was able to train a multilevel perceptron for recognizing handwritten numbers many times faster. The new algorithm software implementation used the PyTorch library, created for researches in the field of neural networks. All experiments were run on NVidia graphical processing unit to check the processing unit’s resource consumption. The numerical experiments did not reveal any deviation in training time. There was a slight increase in the used video memory, which was expected asthe new algorithm retains one additional copy of perceptron internal parameters. The importance of this result is associated with the growth in the useof deep neural network technology, which has grown three hundred thousand times from 2012 till 2018, and the associated resource consumption. This situation forces the industry to consider training optimization issues as well as their accuracy. Therefore, any training process acceleration that reduces the time or resources of the clusters is a desirable andimportant result, which was achieved in this article. The results obtained discover a new area of theoretical and practical research, since the stabilization usedis only one ofthe methods of stabilization and search for cycles in control theory. Such good practical results confirm the need to add the lagging control and the additional experiments with both predictive and lagging control elements.
The multilayer distributed intelligence system model foremergency area scanning
Authors: Tsariuk Andrey O. , Malakhov Eugene V.
Published: November 2021

Emergency situations have a huge impact on various important areas of human life. Every year there are many situations, the elimination of which requires a lot of financial and human resources. Therefore, the ability to reduce the impact of the consequences and increase the speed of their elimination is extremely important. In this article, a multi-level model of a system was proposed that provides support for performing operational tasks in emergency situations in open areas. The most important elements, areas of their responsibility, and interconnection were identified and described in architectural style. The idea of the work is to design asystem that should use Swarm intelligence under the hood to provide continuous support in emergency situations. The system consists of 4 main parts: Cloud, Swarm, Swarm operator, and Swarm Node. The Cloud (Swarm Wamb) is the main decision-maker that provides ETL data pipelines and operates under strategicallytasks. In accordance with the idea, Swarm womb should be a cloud service-like system with the ability to scale over the world. The Swarm is a combined set of multiple Swarm Nodes and only one Swarm Operator. The main task of the Swarm is to provide support in local operational tasks where SN is responsible for the execution and SOis for control. Rescue and search operation after any natural disaster is a target to show the system’s purpose. In practice, the cloud system (Swarm Wamb) receives requests to perform an operation, calculates resources effort first, anddelegates a task to the Swarm. When the swarm reaches the location, it starts executing. Operator with nodes tries to find survivors and collect as much important information as they can. Video, images, recognized objects are continuously sending to the Cloud for additional analysis in real-time. Any information in an emergency situation can help save more humans lives and reduce risks. In this article, the multilayer distributed intelligence system architecture for emergency area scanning was designed and described. The set of terminology was proposed as well. This architecture covers different levels of tactical and operational tasks.
Novel Drug Screening Platform: Tumor Organoid
Authors: Maeng Ju Eun , Seo Ha-Young , Kim Soon-Chan , Ku Ja-Lok
Published: November 2021

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is known to be one of the most lethal cancers among all cancer types, with a relative 5-year survival rate of less than 8%. Currently, surgery is the only probable curative treatment for PDAC which is available for only 10-15% of the patients diagnosed with the cancer. Organoids resemble the original tissue in morphology and function with self-organizing capacity. Organoids can be cultured with high effectiveness from individual patient derived tumor tissue which makes them an extremely fitting model for translational uses and the improvement of personalized cancer medicine. Before personalized medicine based on organoids can be applied in the clinic, the improvement of drug screening platforms in terms of sensitivity and robustness is necessary.
Defensa y administración militar del reino de Granada en época de Felipe III: permanencias y cambios en una frontera mediterránea
Authors: Estrella Antonio Jiménez
Published: November 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el modo en que se articuló la defensa de la frontera marítima del Reino de Granada en época de Felipe III, una etapa de profundas transformaciones sociales y económicas, tras la expulsión de los moriscos del territorio. Para ello, se presta especial atención a los cambios y permanencias que hubo en la administración militar y los problemas estructurales de coordinación, financiación y funcionamiento del sistema defensivo. Asimismo, el estudio se sitúa en el contexto de la estructura defensiva peninsular y de la activa política mediterránea y norteafricana llevada a cabo por Monarquía Hispánica en este período, así como las consecuencias que ésta y el incremento de los ataques corsarios en toda el área mediterránea tuvieron sobre las costas del reino
Cañones y remos. Las galeras de Federico Spínola en la estrategia naval española, 1593-1603
Authors: Retortillo Asunción
Published: November 2021

Tras el desastre de 1588, la política española contra Inglaterra se centró en poner en marcha diferentes planes destinados a frenar sus actividades por mar. Uno de estos proyectos fue el que Federico Spínola presentó en Bruselas a Esteban de Ibarra en 1593 proponiendo navegar por el Canal de la Mancha hostigando a los barcos holandeses e ingleses. En los memoriales presentados por el genovés, éste se comprometía a utilizar galeras para la defensa de los Países Bajos y para estorbar la navegación de los barcos ingleses y de las Provincias Unidas en la zona, cortando, de paso, el comercio entre ambas. Sin embargo, las necesidades estratégicas de Felipe II en el canal después de los ataques de la armada inglesa de 1596 le llevaron a negociar con Spínola un nuevo plan consistente en tomar un puerto inglés para frenar los ataques navales de la reina Isabel I.
Relationship between Sleep Time and Hand Grip Strength on Weekday and Weekend
Authors: Lee Ji Hoon , Lee Kayoung
Published: November 2021

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the association between sleep duration and handgrip strength (HGS) with the consideration for sex and age groups.Methods: Among 10,783 individuals of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2017, the associations of weekend and weekdays sleep duration with HGS were analyzed using logistic regression analysis after adjusting for income, education, smoking·alcohol use, weight status, presence of metabolic syndrome and chronic illness according to sex and age (19-40, 41-60, ≥61).Results: With respect to the weekdays sleep duration, the odds ratios for low HGS in men and women aged ≥61 years with >8 hours sleep duration were 1.8 and 1.7, while the odds ratio (OR) was 1.4 in women aged ≥61 years with <6 hours compared to reference group. With respect to the weekend sleep duration, the ORs for low HGS in men 41-60 years with 7-8 hours or >8 hours sleep were 2.7 and 4.9, while the OR in men ≥61 years with >8 hours sleep was 2.1. In women, the OR was 1.5 for those 19-40 years with >8 hours sleep duration; 1.4, 1.4, and 2.0 for those ≥61 years with <6 hours sleep, 7-8 hours sleep, and >8 hours sleep.Conclusions: Higher risk for low HGS was associated with >8 hours sleep duration in weekdays and weekend in older men and women, <6 hours sleep duration in weekdays or weekend in older women, and >8 hours weekend sleep duration in younger men and women.
Prevalence of Sleep Disturbance in Korean University Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hwang Eunhee , Shin Sujin
Published: November 2021

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at investigating the current status and prevalence of sleep disturbance in Korean university students and provide evidence to develop appropriate strategies for improving sleep disturbance.Methods: Pooled prevalence of sleep disturbance in Korean university students was assessed using PubMed, CINAHL, Research Information Sharing Service, National Assembly Library, Korean studies Information Service System, and Korea Citation Index databases. A total of 1,843 studies were retrieved from the literature search, and 14 studies were included in the analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using comprehensive meta-analysis software.Results: The overall pooled prevalence was 48.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 41.6-56.3%). Subgroup analyses revealed that the pooled prevalence rates were 59.2% (95% CI, 38.8-50.7%) in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)-based and 26.0% (95% CI, 19.5-33.9%) in non-PSQI-based studies, 23.2% (95% CI, 15.6-33.1%) in low-quality and 56.9% (95% CI, 49.3-64.2%) in moderate-quality studies, 35.6% (95% CI, 33.4-37.8%) in studies published before 2010 and 51.4% (95% CI, 42.9-59.8%) in studies published since 2011.Conclusions: The prevalence of sleep disturbance is higher in university students. Therefore, further studies are needed to identify sleep problems of university students and gain future-oriented insights to develop mediation strategies.