bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal variation in translocated Isle Royale wolf diet reflects optimal foraging.
Authors: Sovie Adia , Romanski Mark , Orning Elizabeth , Mareweck David , Nichols Rachel , Moore Seth , Belant Jerrold
Published: August 2022

Wolves (Canis lupus) can exert top-down pressure and shape ecological
communities through selective predation of ungulates and beavers (Castor
Canadensis). Considering their ability to shape communities through
predation, understanding wolf foraging decisions is critical to
predicting their ecosystem level effects. Specifically, if wolves are
optimal foragers, consumers that optimize tradeoffs between cost and
benefits of prey acquisition, changes in these factors may lead to prey
switching or negative-density dependent selection with potential
consequences for community stability. For wolves, factors affecting cost
and benefits include prey vulnerability, risk, reward, and availability
which can vary temporally. We described wolf diet in by frequency of
occurrence and percent biomass and characterized diet in relation to
optimal foraging using prey remains found in wolf scats on Isle Royale
National Park, Michigan, USA during May–October 2019–2020. We used
logistic regression to estimate prey consumption over time. We predicted
prey with temporal variation in cost (vulnerability and/or availability)
such as adult and calf moose (Alces alces) and beaver to vary in wolves’
diet. We analyzed 206 scats and identified 62% of remains as beaver,
26% as and moose, and 12% as other (birds, smaller mammals, and
wolves). Adult moose were more likely to occur in wolf scat in May, when
moose are in poor condition following winter. Similarly, the occurrence
of moose calves peaked June–mid July following parturition but before
their vulnerability declined as they matured. In contrast, beaver
occurrence in wolf scat did not change over time, possibly reflecting
the importance of low handling cost prey items for recently introduced
lone or paired wolves. Our results demonstrate that wolf diet is plastic
and responsive to temporal changes in prey acquisition cost as predicted
by optimal foraging theory. Temporal fluctuation in diet may influence
wolves’ ecological role if prey respond to increased predation risk by
altering their foraging or breeding behavior.
A Novel Technique For The Repair Of Nasal Septal Perforation: A Bipediculated Crescent-Shaped Septal Flap
Authors: Sahin Abdulkadir , Sakat Muhammed Sedat , Kilic Korhan
Published: August 2022

Objective: Nasal septum perforation is an anatomical defect located in
the nasal septal cartilage/bone and mucosa. The most common cause of
nasal septal perforations is septoplasty. Repair of nasal septal
perforations is difficult regardless of the surgical technique due to
its location and health of the surrounding tissues. Currently, no
technique has been defined to be used for closure of all nasal septal
perforations. We aimed to present our bipediculated crescent-shaped
unilateral slide flap technique, which we designed and used as a novel
technique for closure of nasal septal perforations, and its surgical
results. Design: Retrospective study. Settings: Single-center patients
with nasal septum perforation. Participants: 36 patients who underwent
nasal septum perforation repair in our clinic between 2018-2022. All
patients underwent surgical procedure with the same technique by the
same surgeon. Main Outcome Measures: Nasal septum perforation closure
success at 6th month follow-up. Results: Thirty-six patients, including
20 males and 16 females, were included in the study. The mean age of the
patients was 35,58±9,6. The most common cause of nasal septal
perforation was previous septal surgeries. The septal perforation
dimensions of the patients were between 5-23 mm and the mean was
13,86±5,4 mm. Septal perforation closure rate was determined as 94.4%
in the 6 months follow-up results after surgery. Conclusion:
Bipediculated crescent shaped unilateral sliding flap is an effective,
easy and novel technique in the repair of nasal septal perforations.
Managing Complications of Diabetes in Men
Authors: Lau Jennifer , Riley Kaitlyn , Moverley Joy
Published: August 2022

  

Male reproductive disorders are a less-discussed complication of diabetes. These disorders can include balanitis, erectile dysfunction, decreased libido, erectile impotence, and infertility. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, classic presentation, and treatment of balanitis, erectile dysfunction, and sperm dysfunction. 
Mikroakışkan Çiplere Kök Hücre ve Doku Mühendisliği Perspektifinden Bakış
Authors: Torkay Gülşah , Bal Öztürk Ayça
Published: August 2022

Kolayca modifiye edilebilir ve pek çok çalışmaya entegre edilebilir özellikleriyle mikroakışkan sistemler son yıllarda araştırmacıların ilgi odağındadır. Mikroakışkan çipler sayesinde daha az solüsyon ve sürekli perfüzyon ile kontrollü ve optimize hücre kültürü çalışmaları yapılabilmektedir. Son yıllarda özellikle rejeneratif tıbbın ilgisini çeken kök hücrelerin tek başına veya diğer hücrelerle birlikte kültürlenmesi ve kullanılan kök hücrelerin istenilen yönde farklılaştırılması çip sistemlerinde sıklıkla çalışılmaktadır. Bu sistemlere hücreler arası ortam koşullarını taklit edecek hidrojellerin veya hücrelerinden arındırılmış organ matrislerinin de ilave edilmesi in vivo'ya daha yakın sonuçlar vermektedir. Çiplerin üretildiği malzeme, yüzey modifikasyonları, akış hızı, besi yeri içeriği, kullanılan hidrojellerin mekano-kimyasal özellikleri, elektriksel, kimyasal ya da mekanik uyarımlar neticesinde kök hücrelerin farklılaşmaları da dahil tüm davranışlarının oldukça değiştiğini gösteren birçok çalışma mevcuttur. Mikroakışkan çip sistemlerinin ilerleyen zamanlarda kişiselleştirilmiş tıp, ilaç toksisite deneyleri, hasta-yanı hızlı tanı kitleri ve birçok temel bilim araştırmasına yeni bir boyut kazandıracağı, özellikle hayvan deneylerinin yerini alarak daha güvenilir ve ucuz potansiyel yöntemlerin başında geleceği öngörülmektedir. Tüm bu sebepler çip sistemlerini araştırma odağı yapmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; mikroakışkan çip sistemlerinin üretimi, avantajları, dezavantajları ve doku mühendisliği alanındaki uygulamaları tartışılmıştır.
Kondenser Üretim Hattında Arena16.1 Destekli Hat Dengeleme Çalışması Yapılması
Authors: KUĞU Seda , YOLCAN Oguz Ozan , KÖSE Ramazan
Published: August 2022

Üretim ağırlıklı faaliyet gösteren işletmelerde, üretimde yaşanan verimsizlikler büyük kayıplara sebebiyet vermektedir. Hat dengeleme problemleri bunların büyük bir kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Bu problemler; üretim planlarında aksaklıklara, üründe kalitesizliğe, darboğaz noktalarının oluşmasına ve verimsiz çalışma ortamına sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, beyaz eşya sektörü için üretim yapan bir firmada kondenser üretim hattında hat dengeleme problemi irdelenmiş ve iyileştirme için önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Yapılan iyileştirmede, üretim hattında hat yerleşimi ve hat akışını değiştirmeden hat dengelemesi yapılmıştır. İşletmenin önceki ve sonraki durum simülasyonu Arena 16.1 simülasyon programında yapılarak kontrolü sağlanmıştır. Hat dengeleme çalışması sonucunda, tüm çevrim sürelerinde ortalamada 28,5% iyileştirme yapılarak istenen hedefe ulaşılmış ve sonuç olarak 8537,7 saat; 2021 yılı için 554.951,6 TL, 2022 yılı için 725.705,9 TL yıllık kazanım hesaplanmıştır.
Twelve-month Clinical Performance Evaluation of a Glass Carbomer Restorative System
Authors: Kaynar ZB , Dönmez N
Published: August 2022

Objective

The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the clinical one-year follow-up of a silica- and flouroapatite-reinforced glass carbomer filling material as compared to a resin composite restorative material.

Methods and Materials

In this study, a total of 100 restorations were performed. Caries were removed conventionally with diamond burs. Half of the restorations were restored with nanocomposite resin (TEP) (Tokuyama Estelite, Tokuyama Dental, Japan) and the other half were restored with glass carbomer (GC) material (GCP Dental, The Netherlands). Each restorative material was applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Restorations were evaluated with modified USPHS criteria at the end of the first week, 6 months, and 12 months. Data were analyzed using Fisher’s Exact Chi-Square test, Fisher Freeman Halton Test, and Continuity (Yates) Correction. The Wilcoxon sign test was used for intra-group comparisons of the parameters.

Results

When the filling materials were compared with one another, a statistically significant difference was observed in the 12th month on the marginal discoloration. A statistically significant difference was observed between the two materials in the 6th month on the marginal adaptation (p<0.05).

Conclusions

In view of these results, there is a need to improve the physical properties of the GC filling material in further in vivo studies.
Road Sensing with Intelligent Tires for Driving Assistance Applications
Authors: Zhao Tong , Kaliske Michael , Wei Yintao
Published: August 2022

Tires with embedded sensors enable them to be active sensing components. Intelligent tires have increased potential in sensing not only the state of the tire itself but the related properties of the road. This Technical Note briefly describes the application of accelerometer-based intelligent tires in sensing the adhesion level and unevenness of the road. A combined tire longitudinal dynamic model is introduced to estimate the tire-road friction from the waveform features of the acceleration signals. Data-driven methods are adopted to directly classify the road unevenness level from the original signals. Primary analyses and experiments verify the proposed method. Road sensing with intelligent tires contributes to the development of active safety control and driving assistance systems.
Sovjetunionens skendöd. En historia om det moderna Ryssland
Authors: Neumann Iver B.
Published: August 2022

Boken er en personlig beretning om Russland og russere skrevet av en pioneerene innen nordisk østforskning. Bokens hovedtese er at sovjetisk mentalitet aldri døde ut og nå i økende grad tar over, men at de autoritære tendensene tross alt møtes av et annet Russland av intellektuelle, dissidenter og bloggere hvis betydning ikke bør undervurderes.
This book is a personal tour d’horizon written by one of the pioneers and mainstays of Nordic Soviet, Russian and East European studies through the last half century. The main thesis of the book is that Soviet mindsets never died and are in the ascendant to day, but that there also exists another Russia of intellectuals, dissident and bloggers whose impirtance should not be underestimated.
Evapotranspiration Models: Short Review
Authors: MA El-Shirbeny
Published: August 2022

The evapotranspiration (ET) is a combination of evaporation and transpiration. Where the water is lost from the soil surface and from the crop canopy. The evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) occur instantaneously with no distinguishing between theme. During bare soil stage the E is the dominant process while the T is the effective one when the crop coverage is 100%. The ET is affected with weather conditions, crop features, management and environmental features. The ET methods varied based on the complexity of the model. The air temperature (Ta) is the most critical driving factor which has been used in all ET estimation models. Solar radiation (Ra) intensity and period have been involved in most models. Relative humidity (RH) and wind speed (U) are important parameters affecting on vapor pressure deficit (VPD). The VPD gradient is the most limiting factor affecting the ET rate. Remote sensing is a promising technology. It is prepared to be instead of traditional technologies in the future. The NDVI is a good physical indicator for earth’s land cover classes. The surface temperature results are related to the substance’s potential energy. Scientists still search out to find a way of using remote sensing as a stand-alone technology. A short review on ET models and its new trends are the main target of this work.
Molecular Cloning and Abiotic Stress Expression Analysis of Gtpase Era Gene in Mulberry (Morus Alba L.)
Authors: Weiguo Zhao
Published: August 2022

Era (E. coli RAS-like protein) forms a unique family of GTPase, its functions in cell cycle control by coupling cell division with growth rate. In the present paper, a cDNA sequence coding GTPase Era mRNA was cloned from mulberry. Sequence analysis showed that its open reading frame (ORF) is 1275 bp in length encoding a protein of 424 amino acids. The GTPase Era gene had era domain and belonged to the FeoB_N superfamily. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences encoded by the GTPase gene from various species showed that the mulberry was closely related to Morus notabilis, Ipomoea nil, Capsicum annuum, Solanum pennellii, Nicotiana sylvestris and Nicotiana tubacum. The expression patterns of GTPase Era treated under drought, low temperature and salt stresses were examined using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The expression level of the mRNA had a significant change under drought, cold and salt stress treatments compared to the normal growth environment with the maximum expression on third day for drought stress, the sixth day for the low temperature stress and the seventh day for the salt stress. These data provide a better understanding of the molecular basis of signal transduction during stress responses in mulberry trees
The Emission of Greenhouse Gases from Agricultural Farmland in South Africa: A Review
Authors: Xue Zhou
Published: August 2022

Agricultural farmlands and other agro-practices release the greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere which contributes to global warming. The effect of agriculture on greenhouse gases outflows has turned in to a key issue, considering these gases are affected by agricultural development. This review is focused on GHG emission from agricultural farmland in South Africa. The emission is discussed with other countries in aspect of Agricultural, forestry and Land-use practices (AFOLU) sector. Not every country has managed to compile their first and second communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and emissions for almost a decade of data were available for some countries. In this review the GHG inventory and mitigation-policies are also discussed. A few methodologies can be considered to improve the efficiency of the best agricultural farmlands. It is very much perceived that management of practice increase GHG emission in some countries however there are some research gaps and the agricultural sector will face challenges in years to come. A mutual strategy to fill the research gaps for GHG emission data available must consist of collaboration of international systems, implementing new appropriate and improved technologies to provide more knowledge about the emission of greenhouse gas.
Recovery of Cryopreserved Buds of Chinese Yam (Dioscorea Polystachya Turcz.) Observed under Scanning Electron Microscope (Sem)
Authors: Leunufna Semuel
Published: August 2022

Early development of cryopreserved Chinese yams’ (Dioscorea polystachya Turcz) explants were studied under scanning electron microscope (SEM). A combination of vitrification and droplet protocol was implemented with 3 weeks cold acclimation in an alternating temperature of 28°Cday/5°C night and 15% sucrose in the pre-culture medium. Survival in the form of shoot and swelling at the axil or at the near apex of original leaf bud was observed at 3 days after re-culture (rewarming). At 7 days after re-culture, development of new axillary shoot, elongation and enlargement of the surviving green structures as well as addition of new tissues to the previously developed callus at terminal bud were observed. Shoot differentiation from green structures was observed at 16 days after re-culture.
Land Access, Land Use Conflict and Smallholder Commercialization in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: O Alawode Olubunmi
Published: August 2022

This study examined the effect of land access and land use conflict on crop commercialization of smallholder farmers in Southwest Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used in selecting 300 respondents and primary data were collected using structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Land Market Index (LMI), Land Use Conflict Index (LUCI), Crop Commercialization Index (CCI) and Tobit regression model. Majority (95.3%) of the farmers were male, natives (81.3%), and married (97.3%) with an average household size of 9 persons. Also, 69.3% had formal education and an average of 24 years of farming experience. Majority (78.0%) of the farmers had their total landholding through non-market means (inheritance, borrowed and gift), 14.0% acquired their total landholding through market means (purchase, rent and lease), and the mean LMI was 0.16(±0.35), showing farmers had access to 16% of farmlands through market participation. Farmers were coping with conflict on majority (90.4%) of their landholdings and 95.2% of conflicts could be attributed to competition for natural resources, especially farmer-herder clashes (94.2%). The mean LUCI was 0.91(±0.27), implying farmers experienced conflicts on 91% of farmlands. Mean commercialization of maize, cassava and yam were 84.19%(±16.0), 84.01%(±16.67) and 61.42%(±24.83), respectively, indicating that the crops driving commercialization were maize and cassava. Tobit regression results indicated that farm size, presence of local market and LMI significantly (P<0.01) increase commercialization. In conclusion, extent of land market participation significantly increases commercialization while land use conflict reduces crop commercialization, although not significantly. Policy efforts should be intensified with a view to facilitating land access by farming households through market participation, and also reducing or resolving all arable land use and related resource use conflict.
Scoring Central American White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus Nelsoni) Antlers, in Motozintla, Chiapas, México
Authors: Espino-Barros Oscar Agustín Villarreal
Published: August 2022

On July 6th, 2020, a white-tailed deer in Chiapas was captured and rescued by residents from Canoas neighborhood in Motozintla de Mendoza. Chiapas, Mexico. According to local rumors, the specimen was chased by illegal hunters and feral dogs. A few hours after its capture, the white-tailed deer perished due to beats in its hind legs and from a myocardial stroke, caused by stress (capture myopathy). Later, the animal's body was used to measure the antlers set, the Method 17-T Entry Form for white-tailed deer with typical antlers from the Safari Club International (SCI) was used with a measuring tape in inches. The following measurements were taken to the antler set: a) Length of main beam, b) Length of typical tines, c) Circumference of main beam and d) Inside span of main beams. These measures gave a total score of 394/8 SCI points. This score is low, considering that the reported individual was a juvenile male with an age of approximately 2.5 years old, presenting a single point in the antler set. Finally, one of the important events found is that the white-tailed deer showed the detachment of the velvet that covers the antlers, even traces were found that the antlers were recently carved since they presented pieces of leaves adhered to the main branch of the left antler. The event occurred in July (rainy season), and may be due to the genetic characteristics of their parents, the type and quality of the habitat, the quality of forage and the variations of rain and droughts (seasonal), as well as the daylight hours.
Preparing and Implementing the Project ''Setting Up a Blended Learning Program for Sustainable Inclusive Agricultural Value Chain Development in Indonesia (BLVC); Indonesia-Netherlands Joint Project, in Maluku Islands
Authors: Leunufna Semuel
Published: August 2022

The project, setting up a blended learning program for sustainable inclusive agricultural value chain development in Indonesia, was implemented at the Faculty of Agriculture Pattmura University, Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia during 2017 – 2021. The project selected five commodities potential to Maluku islands; nutmeg, clove, coconut, sago and banana, as the focus of education and research attentions. Following the establishment of internet/video conference facilities, two cycles of lecturing in a blended learning system was conducted on the course of Agricultural Value Chain Analysis. Three international seminars/webinars were successfully completed during the implementation presenting keynote speakers from various institutions related to the five selected commodities and attended by participants from government, research and educational institutions, business institutions and community including farmers and farmers group. Despite some challenges faced, the project was able to attain its objectives in strengthening the capacity of beneficiary institution through provision of research equipments, international visitation of its staffs, educating/training of the students and staffs, provision of learning materials etc. Establishment of Innovation platform for nutmeg commodity and inclusion of the agricultural value chain course into the curriculum of the Faculty of Agriculture were part of the efforst to institutionalize the project accomplishment.
A Combination of Wounding, IBA and NAA Resulted in Better Rooting and Shoot Sprouting in White Adriatic Fig (Ficus Carica L.) Stem Cuttings
Authors: Seif El Yazal Mohamed Ahmed
Published: August 2022

This research aimed to study effects of wounding, IBA, NAA and their combinations on rooting ability and shoot sprouting in White Adriatic fig cuttings. Cuttings were collected and treated with (in ppm w/w): 0, wounding, 2000 IBA, 4000 IBA, 500 NAA, 1000 NAA, wounding+2000 IBA, wounding+4000 IBA , wounding+ 500 NAA, wounding+ 1000 NAA, 2000 IBA+500 NAA, 4000 IBA+1000 NAA, wounding+2000 IBA+500 NAA, wounding+4000 IBA+1000 NAA. To record the timing and percentage of rooting, cuttings were treated with wounding, (in ppm w/w) IBA and NAA or without wounding and auxin as control. Total carbohydrates, total and reducing sugar, total indols, total free amino acids, total and conjugated phenols, N, P, K in leaves were determined. The results revealed that, treating cuttings with IBA /or NAA raised the rooting percentages. In addition data mentioned that wounding treatment and quick dipping of cuttings in IBA and NAA gave the highest percentages of rooting and consequently the high survival percentages in comparison to other treatments. Results also showed that the growth parameters of stem, roots and other chemical constituents took the same trend as affected by the previously treatment. The best treatment for rooting and shoot sprouting were (in ppm) wounding plus the highest rate of growth regulators (4000ppm indole butyric acid and 1000ppm of naphthalene acetic acid, either alone or together) 4000 IBA+1000 NAA, since it produced higher root length, better root morphology and higher shoot sprouting.
Expression Pattern of in Vitro Organogenesis-Associated Genes as Transcriptional Marker in Indian Sandalwood (Santalum Album L.)
Authors: Pandey Gareema
Published: August 2022

Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is an expensive wood that requires reproducible method for mass propagation to ensure sustainable use. Organogenesis employs different combinations of the medium;. its suitability is decided based on the explant’s morphological changes. Early prediction of organogenesis in the explant helps reduce the combinations thereby saving time and resources. We initially developed an efficient protocol for the direct and indirect organogenesis (up to shooting development phase) of sandalwood in the present investigation. Woody Plant Media (WPM) supplemented with various concentrations of 6-Bezylaminopurine (BAP) and 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were tested for direct organogenesis, while different treatments consisting of various levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), NAA, BAP, Adenine sulphate (ADS), glycine and potassium nitrate were tested for indirect organogenesis.Three stages of leaf development were selected viz., the leaf just after inoculation in WPM media, initial stage of callus formation from leaf and shoot formation for expression pattern analysis. The targeted genes were Alternative oxidase (ao), Late embryogenesis abundant (lea), Cytochrome P450 (cyt-p450), ABC transporter (abct), and Serine-threonine phosphatase (stp) which are associated with in vitro organogenesis. The expression patterns were evaluated to identify a transcription marker. During the initial stages of organogenesis, ao, cyt-p450 and abct showed no/little change in expression in thedirect pathway but up-regulation of ao and abct and downregulation of cyt-p450 were observed in the indirect pathway. Expression of lea was increased up to 70-fold during direct and dropped to half during indirect organogenesis.
Quantification of Forage Evapotranspiration Dynamics Cultivated in the Southern Amazon with SIMDualKc Model
Authors: Souza Maria Luciano de
Published: August 2022

Studies of the dynamics of water in the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere system have been constantly studied, as they directly contribute to the increase in production and the rational use of water for the most diverse cultures. In this approach, the aim of the study was to assess the water demand in forage Urochloa decumbens, with application of the SIMDualKC model. The meteorological variables used in the paper were obtained by an automatic INMET station. And to estimate forage production, cuts were made at a height of 15 cm, then removing it, simulating cattle grazing. Each cut was determined to accumulate degree-days and the base and cut temperatures were 10°C and 30°C, respectively. For the dynamics of crop water demand, the SIMDualKc model was used, in a daily time interval to estimate the basal crop coefficient (Kcb), evaporation coefficient (Ke), crop evapotranspiration (ET), in addition to Kc and the water available in the soil in the forage growing cycle. Kcb and Ke had an inverse relationship, which means that when Kcb increased, Ke showed a decreasing trend. The Kc values did not change until the 3rd cut, but in the 4th cut there were changes with a reduction in rainfall and water availability in the system. It is observed that the model showed good ability to estimate the amount of water available in the soil, in addition to the physiological attributes of the forage, being a great option in the study of water dynamics for the forage.
Response of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties to Blended Fertilizer Rates on Quality Attributes and Economic Advantages
Authors: Duga Rut
Published: August 2022

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) quality is an important component of the crop productivity as it improves both food security and income sources for farmers. However, its grain quality and economic yields are mainly constrained by poor soil fertility and lack of site specific fertilizer recommendation in the study area for specific variety. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in Tiyo district of Arsi Zone, Ethiopia, on farmer's field in 2018 main cropping season in response of bread wheat varieties to blended fertilizer rates on quality attributes and its economic advantages. Factorial combination of two improved bread wheat varieties (Wane and Kingbird) and seven fertilizer treatments [Control, Recommended NP (150 kg ha-1 TSP (69%P2O5 ) + 158.7 kg ha-1 Urea (73 N)), 100 kg NPSB + recommended urea (46 kg N) , 150 kg NPSB + recommended urea, 200 kg NPSB + recommended urea, 250 kg NPSB + recommended urea, 300 kg NPSB + recommended urea.] were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that grain protein content and hectoliter weight were significantly affected by the main effect of varieties and fertilizer rates with highest grain quality obtained from Wane variety at 200 kg NPSB + 100 kg Urea ha-1 , and recommended NP fertilizer application. The partial budget analysis results revealed that the application of 200 kg NPSB ha1 + 100 kg Urea ha-1 on Wane and Kingbird varieties gave maximum marginal rates of return of 992.8% and 546.3% with highest net benefits respectively. Therefore, application of NPSB at the rate of 200 kg NPSB ha-1 + 100 kg Urea ha-1 in the production of Wane and Kingbird varieties produced better bread wheat quality and economic advantages for the experimental area of wheat production.
The Impact of Hydrosphere on Climate Change
Authors: Abayechaw Desta
Published: August 2022

The hydrosphere is the sum of all water on Earth and the water cycle that distributes it around the planet. Earth is unique in the solar system for its abundant surface waters. The hydrosphere comprises the combined mass of water that occurs on or near Earth’s surface. It includes oceans, lakes, rivers, and streams. Because it covers about 71 percent of Earth’s surface area, the hydrosphere plays a vital role in sustaining communities of water-inhabiting plants and animals. Many researchers stated that the human contributions to greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are warming the earth's surface a process that is projected to increase the evaporation of surface water and accelerate the hydrologic cycle. In turn, a warmer atmosphere can hold more water vapor. When the water body of the earth evaporates, the surroundings become cooled, as it condenses, water releases energy and warms its surroundings, it hydrates life on the planet and plays a role in the transfer of energy from terrestrial to aquatic systems. Therefore, according to the review, different authors from many countries analyzed that the main source of future global change is the warming of the hydrosphere.
MINI-REVIEW: GREEN ROOF AS A GREENERY SOLUTION IN URBANIZED SETTLEMENTS AND ENERGY SAVING IN BUILDINGS
Authors: Efendi Rustam , Indriyani Yohanna Anisa
Published: August 2022

Dense population and limited land for greenery are major problems in urban areas. Air pollutions and uncomfortable temperature of rooms are also problems in urban areas. Utilization of air conditioning for cooling the room in fact requires a lot of energy and also triggers other environmental problems, such as global warming. One of the efforts can be done is to green the roof, called green roof. Green roof is a method of planting on the roof, serves to isolation the heat and help maintaining plant biodiversity. Plants generally grown on green roof are ornamental plants and some species of plants that have large roots. The selection of plants must receive great consideration because they are adjusted to the ability of the roof on each building. Green roofs are also a step towards green energy, to reduce excessive use of energy and minimize environmental problems. This paper reviews the development of green roofs, where green roofs have been considered as solution to environmental and energy problems.
APPLICATION OF TORQUE EXPANSION CHAMBER (TEC) AND NOZZLE ON EXHAUST MANIFOLD HONDA SUPRA X 125
Authors: Purbaningrum Sanurya Putri , Nazih Ammar Fakhrurozi , Putro Sartono
Published: August 2022

Gasoline motorcycles are a means of transportation that is currently the most in-demand by the people of Indonesia. Most of the youth are waiting for gasoline-fueled motorbikes with superior performance so many lovers from the automotive sector, researchers and industry make modifications to improve the performance of these vehicles. This study aims to improve the performance of the gasoline engine. The research method used is to modify the exhaust manifold on the combustion engine. Modifications are made by adding a Torque Expansion Chamber (TEC) 1 tube 2 channels and variations of nozzles 40, 50, and 60. The next step is to test torque, power, and specific fuel consumption. The results show that the use of 1 tube 2 channel TEC and variations of nozzles 40, 50, and 60 can increase torque, increase power and reduce specific fuel consumption. The highest torque of 9.94 Nm was obtained at 5500 rpm using 1 tube 2 channel TEC and 50 nozzle variations. The highest power of 8.03 HP was obtained at 6250 rpm using 1 tube 2 channel TEC and 50 nozzle variations. Minimum specific fuel consumption with a value of 0.14145 kg/kWh was obtained by using TEC 1 tube 2 channel and nozzle variation 40. Increasing torque by using modified TEC 1 tube 2 channel and nozzle variation 40, 50, and 60 is due to back pressure so that heat that comes out with the exhaust gases is not completely removed by the environment. The increase in power is caused because the power is directly proportional to the torque, while the decrease in specific fuel consumption is caused because the specific fuel consumption is inversely proportional to the power.
DESIGN AND BUILD A CHILDREN'S TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM USING THE MLX90614 TEMPERATURE SENSOR AND NODEMCU ESP-12E BASED ON ANDROID
Authors: Abdullah Zidny Sholehan
Published: August 2022

The degree of children's health reflects the nation's health status, because children as the nation's next generation have abilities that can be developed in continuing the nation's development. The limited parental monitoring of children, so the authors make a child temperature monitoring device that can make it easier for parents to monitor their child's temperature in real time. This study uses a sensor temperature of the infrared MLX90614, NodeMCU ESP-12E as a controller programmed with the Arduino software idea later in the show via the LCD and the application blynk. This system was developed based on the needs of the children's monitoring system. The results of this research are that a child temperature monitoring system has been realized that can monitor the condition of a child's body in real time. Metode used isto compare data between Thermometer Gun with sensor systems ML X90614, then obtained an average difference of 0.0190 C and an average error of 0.053%.

 

Keywords: Infrared sensor, MLX90614, real time, monitoring
Utilization of Natural Zeolites and Fly Ash (Coal) Mixture Physically Activated Using Furnace As A Pellet - shaped Air Filter To Increase Engine Torque, Tecumseh TD110. 4-Stroke Petrol Motor
Authors: Risano Yudi
Published: August 2022

An air filter made from a mixture of natural zeolite and coal fly ash can be used to remove nitrogen (N2) and moisture (H2O) in the air. This filter can produce oxygen-rich air (O2) flowing into the combustion chamber to increase the quality of the combustion process so that complete combustion occurs and improve engine torque. In this research the filter was made from a physically activated mixture of natural zeolite and fly ash through heating in a furnace for 1 hour with temperature variations (200oC, 250oC, 300oC, 350oC), mass variations (50%, 75%, 100%) and variations in the composition of Z100%:F0%, Z75%:F25%, Z50%:F50%, Z25%:F75%, Z0%:F100%. Tests were carried out using a 4-stroke gasoline engine of Tecumseh TD110 located in the Motor Bakar and Propulsion Laboratory of the Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Lampung. Test results show that the biggest improvement in torque occurs in using a filter composition of Z50%:F50%, namely by 28.41%. The followed filter of the composition of Z75%:F25% is as big as 28.31%. The activation temperature of 350oC can improve the torque by 35.08%.
Electrical design of a smart control and monitoring system for small horizontal-axis wind turbines
Authors: J. Vilà  , N. Luo  , L. Pacheco  , T. Pujol  , J.R. Gonzalez  , I. Ferrer  , A. Massaguer  , E. Massaguer
Published: August 2022

The popularity of small wind turbines would rise in future, because of electricity prices are still growing. Next generation of small wind-turbines can have higher efficiency values. Under wind gusts and turbulences, the system should be very sensitive to wind conditions. In this work, it is presented a control system that can improve the performance of commercial small-scale wind turbines by including active pitch and load control. We show the electrical design of a smart active pitch control to increase the energy generation of micro-wind turbines (< 5 kWp). The electrical design controls a simple mechanism that allows the rotation of the blades by using an actuator that moves the blades according to the energy desired. The load control is also shown. These two control strategies maximise the power output at all wind conditions, and can increase the performance of small wind turbines. Moreover, important signals that allow safety actions and feedback data are monitored. The electro-mechanical design is robust and economical compare to the traditional hydraulic solution, which will increase its potential adoptability by users.
A photovoltaic light electric vehicle for project-based education in engineering
Authors: D. Rosas-Cervantes  , J. Fernández-Ramos  , A. Gago-Calderón
Published: August 2022

This article presents a project for the design, manufacture and evaluation of a light electric vehicle prototype whose only source of energy comes from a photovoltaic generator integrated in it, that is, it does not have batteries for energy storage. In its approach and development, a project-based learning model (PBL) has been followed, for which a group of students from different degrees of the Escuela de Ingenierías of the Universidad de Málaga has been formed, who have developed all the tasks involved in the realization of the prototype. The purpose of this prototype is to serve as a model for defining a new concept of student races on energy efficiency in mobility. To evaluate the performance of the prototype, tests have been carried out to characterize the energy consumption in different drive cycles and irradiance conditions and to obtain characteristics as limits of speed, acceleration and rising slope. Another long-term objective and, therefore, not included in this article is the evaluation of the technical training and complementary skills acquired by the students.
Influence of LiBr concentration in the generation of superheated vapor for a Hygroscopic Cycle
Authors: R. Martínez-Pérez  , F.J. Rubio-Serrano  , A. Meana-Fernández  , A.J. Gutiérrez-Trashorras
Published: August 2022

The novel proprietary Hygroscopic Cycle Technology (HCT) is a power cycle distinguished for using hygroscopic compounds water mixtures as the working fluid to optimize the condensation process of the turbine exhaust steam by absorption phenomena. Previous works focused on the performance of the condensation/cooling section of the cycle as well as in the main improvements achieved by HCT in comparison to traditional thermal power generation cycles in terms of efficiency and profitability. Nevertheless, the thermodynamic characteristics of the steam generated from hygroscopic-water mixtures in the HCT boiler are yet to be studied. In this article, a theoretical analysis of temperature and pressure conditions of pure water steam generated from different concentrations of LiBr-water mixtures is carried out by using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. Results show that LiBr-H2O mixtures display higher saturation temperatures than pure water, which enables the cycle to directly generate superheated vapor with no need for superheating equipment inside the boiler. This fact further improves the economic advantages previously shown by HCT, since erection, operation and maintenance costs related to the superheating process are avoided.
Decentralized Operation of an Isolated Microgrid with Storage Systems Using Multipliers with Alternating Directions
Authors: J. Barco-Jiménez  , G. Obando  , A. Pantoja  , E. Caicedo  , J. Aguado
Published: August 2022

In view of the challenging task of the operation of microgrids, this work presents a distributed strategy to manage an isolated system by the optimal dispatch of active and reactive power. The ADMM (alternating directions method of multipliers) is adapted to solve two optimization problems, finding power profiles along the day for generators and storage systems, taking into account the power flow and demand coverage constraints. The joint dispatch allows the solution to minimize the generation cost and provide ancillary services such as voltage regulation and losses reduction. The method is tested in a study case with batteries and renewable sources to quantify the effects of the proposed strategy and compare with a centralized optimization.
Energy Management of Grid Connected Hybrid Solar/Wind/Battery System using Golden Eagle Optimization with Incremental Conductance
Authors: Prasad Kumar Bandahalli Mallappa  , Guillermo Velasco-Quesada  , Herminio Martínez-García
Published: August 2022

Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are currently being used on a much larger scale to support and satisfy the higher energy demands caused by industrialization and population growth. Due to this rise in the number of consumers of power systems and the unpredictable nature of the electric load, the vast power demand proves to be a tough challenge for electric utilities and system operators. So, power demands have occurred over many periods and become a threat to the system's functionality. Therefore, an effective Energy Management System (EMS) name called Golden Eagle Optimization with Incremental Conductance (GEO-INC) is proposed to meet the load demand. Three different systems, namely: RES Photovoltaic (PV) module, wind turbine, and battery create an effective EMS. The proposed method extracts more power from the PV panel and effectively controls the switching between the wind turbine and the battery storage system. The proposed method achieves 1.98 % distortion from the results, which is less than the existing methods.
Comparative Analysis of a DC-microgrid Incorporating Hybrid Battery/Supercapacitor Storage System Addressing Pulse Load
Authors: Hossam S. Salama  , Kotb M. Kotb  , Istvan Vokony  , Dan Andras
Published: August 2022

Renewable energy sources (RESs) have become the primary power source of microgrids with many merits. However, RESs depend on the climate (i.e., wind speed and solar irradiance), leading to intermittent power generation. Moreover, some of the particular loads, such as the pulse load, severely impact the microgrid performance. Therefore, energy storage systems (ESSs) are considered a vital solution to improve microgrid performance and overcome microgrid challenges. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the performance of a DC-microgrid incorporating a battery storage system (BSS) and a hybrid battery/supercapacitors storage system (B-SCSS). The study addressed the fluctuations of solar radiation and wind velocity on the system performance in the presence of both energy storage technologies. In addition, the sudden load disturbance is also investigated with particular attention to the pulse load. The overall microgrid components are designed and controlled based on the PI controller to enhance the system's stability. The photovoltaic and wind energy are utilized with maximum power tracking (MPPT) to get the full benefits from RESs. The B-SCSS is proposed to maintain the DC-bus voltage, load power, and frequency constant during various disturbance events. The obtained results using Matlab software prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Procedure of the design of photovoltaic systems applied to ornamental lighting
Authors: X. Serrano-Guerrero  , C. Ochoa-Malhaber  , I. Ortega-Romero
Published: August 2022

Photovoltaic systems have the advantage of reducing atmospheric pollution, avoiding CO2 emissions. Another advantage is the energy savings they produce and that in the long term they can return the investment made. PV systems off grids are applied in remote and rural areas, where there is no electricity distribution network. The use of PV systems off grids can be included in ornamental lighting, as they have low levels of luminous efficiency due to the use of old technologies. Therefore, this study presents a procedure for the design of PV systems applied to ornamental lighting, starting from obtaining adjusted values of solar irradiance, based on estimated solar irradiance data from NASA in the city of Cuenca (Ecuador) and measured data. The critical month (maximum consumption and minimum irradiance) is selected, which corresponds to June with a value of 3,76kWh/m2. The results indicate that these systems are feasible to be implemented, due to the fact that the total investment cost is around $10.450,00 compared to a 5,2 km grid extension system that costs around $44.512,00. Finally, the responses of the PV systems off grid applied to ornamental lighting are tested in MATLAB/Simulink.
Effect of Demand Forecast Error on Imbalance Cost in Residential Micro Grid
Authors: Kohei Nozaki  , Teruhisa Kumano
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we conduct electric power simulation by forecasting electricity demand in general households with PV power generation based on the current electricity supply and demand system in Japan. Specifically, forecast errors for electricity demand ingeneral households are taken into account, and machine learning is used to forecast the output of residential photovoltaic power generation. The actual electricity demand, which is the difference between the electricity demand in general households and the PV output, is then calculated, and the degree of contribution of the assumed model to the electricity system is evaluated using an index called imbalance cost from the perspective of a retail electricityprovider.
Review of IoT and Robotics application (Special case Study in Iraq and Kurdistan Region)
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, A. Nahi Abdullah , Flaih Laith ,   Department of Computer Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Jasim Khalid ,   Department of Computer Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Hossian Rajan ,   UTM
Published: August 2022

Currently, IoT (web of things) applications ending up being trending in all around the world and also yet also in the inadequate income nations there is some applications related to IoT at least in colleges to study, so a lot of the academic individuals and federal governments are aware of it is advantages to the area as well as teaching to create a generation that can handle modern technology systems as well as obtain benefits from it to decrease the use of power and also save the setting, this paper will certainly go over the trends application in Iraq as well as the feasible technologies and also possibilities in the near future.
Information Systems Governance and Green Information Technologies
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, R. Flaih Laith
Published: August 2022

Information systems governance and green information technology are included in this review. More precisely, organizational activities. Every day, an increasing amount of organizations around the world adopt modern Green IT activities. However, though, it has little to do with corporate management and governance. A new structure for implementing Green IT governance is needed for this. Concerning these elements, Environmental sensitivity trends are pushing companies to take a new solution to this issue. Implementing green strategies has been a challenge for organizations that wish to remain ahead of the curve regarding social and environmental consciousness. The field of information technology, rather than any other, has proved to be a valuable tool and future friend of the environment (IT). Green IT and governance IT conducts in this region promote sustainability in and by IT. Organizations, however - owing to a lack of clear green IT principles and practices, helping them to perform some sustainable action - are at a major disadvantage in this respect. This research aims to show the researchers' findings of the value of Green IT and governance information systems in industry and organizations and the benefits of using them. The findings of this multi-count analysis illustrate the present state of Green IT organizations, their IT method of government, and problem-solving in a particular situation in their researchers.