bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conquering the Idols: English Iconoclasm in Ireland, 1649–1660
Authors: Redmond Joan
Published: December 2022

The English Parliament's conquest of Ireland in the mid-seventeenth century left memories of violence that persist even in modern Ireland. This article considers one important but neglected dimension to the English campaign and subsequent rule: the attack on Irish Catholic devotional objects, including statues, images, vestments. The damage to the physical fabric of Irish Catholicism coincided with the wider effort to suppress all its public rituals and structures and must be considered as a key element to Parliament's campaign to punish, reform, and convert the Irish. Reconsidering both older and recently published sources allows for significant new insights and contextual questions surrounding parliamentarian iconoclasm, its Irish manifestations, and indeed early modern iconoclasm more widely. In particular, it is argued here that this is not and cannot be an Irish story alone: while previous accounts have emphasized Ireland's tragedy in these years, there are wider English and British contexts that must be brought to bear. Irish iconoclasm can be placed into a chronology of English violence since the late 1630s and points to a wider British preoccupation with popish plots and idolatry, in which the Irish were central characters. The iconoclasm unleashed in Cromwellian Ireland underlines the braided nature of conflict across the mid-seventeenth century.
Mobilizing the Spiritual Resources of the Nation: The 1918 United War Work Campaign
Authors: Petit Jeanne
Published: December 2022

On September 3, 1918, President Woodrow Wilson released a letter praising organizations that had provided services for soldiers, including the Young Men's Christian Association, the National Catholic War Council, and the Jewish Welfare Board. Through the work of these groups, the president declared, “the moral and spiritual resources of the nation have been mobilized.” Wilson then asked that, instead of the individual fundraising drives they were planning, the groups instead have single drive during the week of November 11, 1918, what he called a “united war work campaign.”

The United War Work Campaign provides a window into understanding how a more pluralistic United States emerged through a process that involved competition and sacrifice as well as cooperation. The YMCA leadership fought to have a separate campaign, but they were forced into accommodating the changing religious dynamics of the nation. The Catholic and Jewish groups confronted Protestant establishment assumptions as they offered their own takes on how to appeal to a diverse American public. All the religious groups found themselves in situations where they had to downplay their faith commitments to ensure the campaign's success, and this led to tensions within the organizations and struggles with their co-religionists. Overall, the United War Work revealed the challenges of church-state collaboration and the compromises that were necessary for the emergence of a tri-faith nation.
Radio-frequency sheath excitation at the extremities of scrape-off layer plasma filaments, mediated by resonant high harmonic fast wave scattering
Authors: Colas Laurent , Tierens W. , Myra J.R. , Bilato R.
Published: December 2022

Resonant filament-assisted mode conversion (FAMC) scattering of high harmonic fast waves (HHFW) by cylindrical field-aligned density inhomogeneities can efficiently redirect a fraction of the launched HHFW power flux into the parallel direction. Within a simplified analytic approach, this contribution compares the parallel propagation, reflection and dissipation of nearly resonant FAMC modes for three magnetic field line geometries in the scrape-off layer, in the presence of radio-frequency (RF) sheaths at field line extremities and phenomenological wave damping in the plasma volume. When a FAMC mode, excited at the HHFW antenna parallel location and guided along the open magnetic field lines, impinges onto a boundary at normal incidence, we show that it can excite sheath RF oscillations, even toroidally far away from the HHFW launcher. The RF sheaths then dissipate part of the power flux carried by the incident mode, while another part reflects into the FAMC mode with the opposite wave vector parallel to the magnetic field. The reflected FAMC mode in turn propagates and can possibly interact with the sheath at the opposite field line boundary. The two counter-propagating modes then form in the bounded magnetic flux tube a lossy cavity excited by the HHFW scattering. We investigate how the presence of field line boundaries affects the total HHFW power redirected into the filament, and its splitting between sheath and volume losses, as a function of relevant parameters in the model.
On Moral Nose
Authors: Turoldo Fabrizio
Published: December 2022

There are many authors who consider the so-called “moral nose” a valid epistemological tool in the field of morality. The expression was used by George Orwell, following in Friedrich Nietzsche’s footsteps and was very clearly described by Leo Tolstoy. It has also been employed by authors such as Elisabeth Anscombe, Bernard Williams, Noam Chomsky, Stuart Hampshire, Mary Warnock, and Leon Kass. This article examines John Harris’ detailed criticism of what he ironically calls the “olfactory school of moral philosophy.” Harris’ criticism is contrasted with Jonathan Glover’s defense of the moral nose. Glover draws some useful distinctions between the various meanings that the notion of moral nose can assume. Finally, the notion of moral nose is compared with classic notions such as Aristotelian phronesis, Heideggerian aletheia, and the concept of “sentiment” proposed by the philosopher Thomas Reid. The conclusion reached is that morality cannot be based only on reason, or—as David Hume would have it—only on feelings.
Pressure Points Technique for Traumatic Proximal Axillary Artery Hemorrhage: A Case Report
Authors: Avital Guy , Greenberger Chaim , Kedar Asaf , Pikman-Gavriely Regina , Bez Maxim , Almog Ofer , Benov Avi
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

While the pressure points technique for proximal hemorrhage control is long known, it is not recommended in standard prehospital guidelines based on a study showing the inability to maintain occlusion for over two minutes.

Main Symptom:

This report details a gunshot wound to the left axillary area with complete transection of the axillary artery, leading to profuse junctional hemorrhage and profound hemorrhagic shock.

Therapeutic Intervention:

Proximal pressure of the subclavian artery was applied against the first rib (the pressure points technique) and maintained for 28 minutes.

Outcomes:

Cessation of apparent bleeding and excellent, enduring physiologic response to blood transfusion were observed.

Conclusion:

The pressure points technique can be life-saving in junctional arterial hemorrhage and should be reconsidered in prehospital guidelines.
Validation of the Short Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale	(CIPS-10)
Authors: Wang Bo , Andrews Wendy , Bechtoldt Myriam N. , Rohrmann Sonja , de Vries Reinout E.
Published: December 2022

Abstract: We readdressed the multidimensionality of the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) by reanalyzing Rohrmann et al.’s (2016) dataset, which led to the development of an improved 10-item CIPS (CIPS-10). The validity of the CIPS-10 was further examined by correlating it with HEXACO personality traits and work-related outcomes in a newly collected working adult sample ( N = 294). Factor analyses, reliability coefficients, and validity coefficients indicated that reporting and interpreting the total scores of both the CIPS and CIPS-10 was sufficient. We found the CIPS-10 to be positively related to Emotionality, job stress, turnover intention, and negatively related to Conscientiousness, Honesty-Humility, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and job satisfaction. The findings offer support for the validity of the CIPS-10.
Social interaction following prepubertal stress alters prefrontal gene expression associated with cell signalling and oligodendrocytes
Authors: Moon Anna L. , Clifton Nicholas E. , Wellard Natalie , Thomas Kerrie L. , Hall Jeremy , Brydges Nichola M.
Published: December 2022

Early-life adversity is associated with an increased risk of psychopathology, including mood disorders, later in life. Early-life stress affects several physiological systems, however, the exact mechanisms underlying pathological risk are not fully understood. This knowledge is crucial in developing appropriate therapeutic interventions. The prepubertal period is documented as a key developmental period for the maturation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain region involved in higher cognitive functions, including social function. In this study, we performed RNA sequencing on the PFC of adult rats who had experienced prepubertal stress (PPS) and controls to investigate the genome-wide consequences of this stress. PPS alters social behaviour in adulthood, therefore we also performed RNA sequencing on PPS and control rats following a social interaction test to determine social activity-dependent gene changes. At a baseline state (1 week following a social interaction test), no genes were differentially expressed in the PPS group. However, 1603 genes were differentially expressed in PPS rats compared to controls following a social interaction. These genes were enriched in biological pathways associated with cell signalling and axon myelination dynamics. Cell enrichment analysis showed these genes were associated with oligodendrocytes, and a comparison with an existing early-life stress sequencing dataset showed that pathways linked to oligodendrocyte morphology are impacted in a range of models of early-life stress in rodents. In conclusion, we identify pathways, including those involved in axon myelination, that are differentially activated in the adult in response to social stimulation following PPS. These differential responses may contribute to vulnerability to psychiatric pathology.
Minimally invasive endodontics: a new era for pulpotomy in mature permanent teeth
Authors: Philip Nebu , Suneja Bharat
Published: December 2022

Emerging clinical and histologic evidence is challenging the long-established dogma that root canal treatment (RCTx) is the only therapeutic option for preservation of vital mature permanent teeth diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis or carious pulp exposure. Vital pulp therapy procedures like pulpotomy are not only technically simpler and more economical, but also afford patients a host of other benefits over conventional RCTx. This narrative review provides an update on the contemporary understanding of pulp pathophysiology and defence mechanisms, the proposed new diagnostic terminologies for pulpal inflammation, and how the biological characteristics of hydrophilic calcium silicate cements have enabled consistent successful outcomes for pulpotomy-treated mature teeth. The paper also details the evidence base from clinical trials and systematic reviews conducted over the past decade and outlines the practical treatment considerations for pulpotomy in mature permanent teeth.
Safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine MVC-COV1901 in Taiwanese adolescents: a randomized phase 2 trial
Authors: Liu Luke Tzu-Chi , Chiu Cheng-Hsun , Chiu Nan-Chang , Tan Boon-Fatt , Lin Chien-Yu , Cheng Hao-Yuan , Lin Meei-Yun , Lien Chia-En , Chen Charles , Huang Li-Min
Published: December 2022

Adolescents and children play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 transmission and epidemiology. MVC-COV1901 is a subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on stabilized spike protein adjuvanted with CpG 1018 and aluminum hydroxide that has received emergency use approval (EUA) for adults in Taiwan. In this study, we have investigated the safety and immunogenicity of two doses of MVC-COV1901 in adolescents. Healthy adolescents from the age of 12–17 years were randomly assigned to receive two intramuscular doses of either MVC-COV1901 or placebo at 28 days apart. Adverse events were mostly mild and were similar in MVC-COV1901 and placebo groups, with the most commonly reported adverse events being pain/tenderness and malaise/fatigue. All immunogenicity endpoints in the adolescent group were non-inferior to the endpoints seen in the young adult and placebo groups. The results here advocate the use of MVC-COV1901 in adolescents in the ongoing efforts to control the pandemic.

ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04951388.
Reproductive performance and sex ratio adjustment of the wild boar (Sus scrofa) in South Korea
Authors: Lee Seong-Min
Published: December 2022

The wild boar (Sus scrofa), a polygynous species, rapidly expanded its geographical range and increased its population size in South Korea following the extinction of large carnivores and changes to rural environments. Understanding wild boar reproductive traits and strategies is essential for their effective management; however, studies in this area are lacking. Using samples collected from hunting bags, the relationships between 1) litter size and female weight and 2) fetal sex ratio and female body condition were examined to understand wild boar life-history strategies. Wild boars showed a seasonal breeding pattern that maximized reproduction. Litter size (mean = 5.7 ± 1.7) was correlated with female weight, whereas fetal sex ratio was not explained by female body condition. However, the heaviest ranked fetuses within the litters were male-biased. Wild boars aged three years or less accounted for 90% of the total population, and sexual dimorphism developed from two years of age. Considering that their reproductive strategy is more effective (i.e., early gestation and large litter size) than that of other polygynous species, the Trivers–Willard model was not supported for the wild boars in this study. Instead, females adjusted the sex of the heaviest fetus in the litter to maximize lifetime reproductive success.
Evaluation of two molecular detection platforms for gastroenteritis pathogens in treated sewage water in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Wohaib Fawaz A. , Al-Sharif Ibtihaj , Al-Zain Hassan , Murad Donna , Al-Harbi Layla , Al-Mozaini Maha
Published: December 2022

The ability to screen environmental water samples for gastroenteritis pathogens, particularly viruses remains challenging. Here, we investigated the presence of enteric viruses in treated sewage effluent water samples collected from a cooling tower in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (SA) from 2018 to 2019. Our ultimate aim was to determine the optimal handling and processing conditions for the water samples and the most sensitive detection method for the assessment of viral contamination. Sewage was collected before and after treatment at three defined zones. Samples were concentrated by ultracentrifugation and analyzed using a multiplexed bead-based assay system (Luminex technology) or multiplex PCR (QIAstat-Dx). The efficiency of these modalities to accurately detect virus contamination were subsequently compared. In total, 64 samples (16 controls and four treated samples per-control) were analyzed for 26 enteric pathogens. Of the samples, 98.7% were negative for viruses following treatment. Detection rates were higher for the multiplex PCR (QIAstat-Dx) system compared to the hybridization method, highlighting its higher sensitivity. The current water sewage treatment protocols in KSA could efficiently eradicate viral pathogens, minimizing their potential for waterborne transmission. We provide the first systematic analysis of two molecular detection methods for the assessment of gastroenteritis-associated pathogens from environmental samples in KSA. We conclude that the multiplex PCR (QIAstat-Dx) system outperforms the Luminex technology for the detection of virus pathogens in treated water samples.
Toward a general and interpretable umami taste predictor using a multi-objective machine learning approach
Authors: Pallante Lorenzo , Korfiati Aigli , Androutsos Lampros , Stojceski Filip , Bompotas Agorakis , Giannikos Ioannis , Raftopoulos Christos , Malavolta Marta , Grasso Gianvito , Mavroudi Seferina , Kalogeras Athanasios , Martos Vanessa , Amoroso Daria , Piga Dario , Theofilatos Konstantinos , Deriu Marco A.
Published: December 2022

The umami taste is one of the five basic taste modalities normally linked to the protein content in food. The implementation of fast and cost-effective tools for the prediction of the umami taste of a molecule remains extremely interesting to understand the molecular basis of this taste and to effectively rationalise the production and consumption of specific foods and ingredients. However, the only examples of umami predictors available in the literature rely on the amino acid sequence of the analysed peptides, limiting the applicability of the models. In the present study, we developed a novel ML-based algorithm, named VirtuousUmami, able to predict the umami taste of a query compound starting from its SMILES representation, thus opening up the possibility of potentially using such a model on any database through a standard and more general molecular description. Herein, we have tested our model on five databases related to foods or natural compounds. The proposed tool will pave the way toward the rationalisation of the molecular features underlying the umami taste and toward the design of specific peptide-inspired compounds with specific taste properties.
Radial diffusivity reflects general decline rather than specific cognitive deterioration in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Baijot Johan , Van Laethem Delphine , Denissen Stijn , Costers Lars , Cambron Melissa , D’Haeseleer Miguel , D’hooghe Marie B. , Vanbinst Anne-Marie , De Mey Johan , Nagels Guy , Van Schependom Jeroen
Published: December 2022

Advanced structural brain imaging techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), have been used to study the relationship between DTI-parameters and cognitive scores in multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we assessed cognitive function in 61 individuals with MS and a control group of 35 healthy individuals with the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, the California Verbal Learning Test-II, the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, the Controlled Oral Word Association Test, and Stroop-test. We also acquired diffusion-weighted images (b = 1000; 32 directions), which were processed to obtain the following DTI scalars: fractional anisotropy, mean, axial, and radial diffusivity. The relation between DTI scalars and cognitive parameters was assessed through permutations. Although fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity did not correlate with any of the cognitive tests, mean and radial diffusivity were negatively correlated with all of these tests. However, this effect was not specific to any specific white matter tract or cognitive test and demonstrated a general effect with only low to moderate individual voxel-based correlations of <0.6. Similarly, lesion and white matter volume show a general effect with medium to high voxel-based correlations of 0.5-0.8. In conclusion, radial diffusivity is strongly related to cognitive impairment in MS. However, the strong associations of radial diffusivity with both cognition and whole brain lesion volume suggest that it is a surrogate marker for general decline in MS, rather than a marker for specific cognitive functions.
Simultaneous analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells density, tumor budding status, and presence of lymphoid follicles in CRC tissue
Authors: Markowski Adam R. , Markowska Anna J. , Ustymowicz Wiktoria , Pryczynicz Anna , Guzińska-Ustymowicz Katarzyna
Published: December 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) affects more than 1,000,000 people worldwide each year. Recently, the number of young patients with early-onset colorectal cancer has increased, and right-sided colorectal cancer is still often diagnosed only in advanced stages. The TNM classification is not perfect for CRC staging. This study aimed to perform, for the first time, simultaneous analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cell density, presence of lymphoid follicles, and budding status in CRC tissue. Intraoperative samples of neoplastic tissue were collected from 195 consecutive patients who were admitted to the surgical ward for elective colorectal surgery. Histological parameters were assessed in the tissue samples: tumor budding foci, poorly differentiated clusters and areas of poorly differentiated components. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (tumor-associated neutrophils and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes) were detected in five randomly chosen, areas at the tumor center and at the invasive front. Additionally, the presence of lymphoid follicles in CRC tissue was assessed. Tumor budding parameters were positively correlated with colorectal cancer advancement or histologic (mucinous) type of CRC. The number of poorly differentiated clusters was higher in younger patients. Lower densities of CD3 and CD4 lymphocytes were seen in CRC with a greater depth of tumor invasion. Lower densities of CD3 and CD8 lymphocytes were found in CRC with metastases to the surrounding lymph nodes. The lower density of CD8 lymphocytes was observed in CRC with distant metastases. Lower densities of tumor-associated neutrophils and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD3 and CD8) were revealed in CRC without lymphoid follicles. The number of lymphoid follicles was higher in patients with less advanced CRCs. Three histopathology markers, such as high tumor budding, scanty lymphocyte infiltration, and the poverty of lymphoid follicles, complement each other, appear to be reliable indicators of colorectal cancer progression, and could be useful in everyday medical practice, but their widespread use requires further research. We propose to take into account these markers, in the assessment of colorectal cancer advancement, in addition to the TNM classification.
Cephalometric assessment regarding craniocervical posture in orthodontic patients
Authors: Alexa Vlad Tiberiu , Fratila Aurora Doris , Szuhanek Camelia , Jumanca Daniela , Lalescu Dacian , Galuscan Atena
Published: December 2022

A major factor that contributes to dental malocclusions is represented by the positioning of the mandible. Considering the existing interconnections between the craniocervical and craniomandibular systems it is interesting to assess how changes in one system can influence the other, thus establishing a pattern in terms of certain cephalometric landmarks that orthodontists could consider when diagnosing and evaluating an orthodontic case. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the connections between cervical posture, head position, hyoid bone position in orthodontic patients with different skeletal patterns. 45 lateral cephalometric radiographs were analyzed. Skeletal class and vertical growth were the main elements that were considered when classifying patients. Craniofacial and Cervical landmarks were determined on the cephalograms, from which lines and angles resulted which were considered relevant in our study. Correlations between cephalometric variables of the patients were determined. there were some statistically significant changes identified concerning craniocervical posture and hyoid bone position between the patients in the following parameters: H-Rgn, OPT/HOR, CVT/HOR, OPT/SN, CVT/SN, H-SN. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that there were some differences at the skeletal level of the sample of patients studied. The findings are indicating that there is a close relationship between, mandible position, cervical- and head posture and the hyoid bone. The information obtained in this study could help to better understand the development of malocclusions, and to improve the orthodontic diagnostic and treatment plan.
Development and validation of a metabolite index for obstructive sleep apnea across race/ethnicities
Authors: Zhang Ying , Ngo Debby , Yu Bing , Shah Neomi A. , Chen Han , Ramos Alberto R. , Zee Phyllis C. , Tracy Russell , Durda Peter , Kaplan Robert , Daviglus Martha L. , Rich Stephen S. , Rotter Jerome I. , Cai Jianwen , Clish Clary , Gerszten Robert , Kristal Bruce S. , Gharib Sina A. , Redline Susan , Sofer Tamar
Published: December 2022

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep resulting in oxygen desaturation and sleep fragmentation, and associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes. Metabolites are being increasingly used for biomarker discovery and evaluation of disease processes and progression. Studying metabolomic associations with OSA in a diverse community-based cohort may provide insights into the pathophysiology of OSA. We aimed to develop and replicate a metabolite index for OSA and identify individual metabolites associated with OSA. We studied 219 metabolites and their associations with the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and with moderate-severe OSA (AHI ≥ 15) in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) (n = 3507) using two methods: (1) association analysis of individual metabolites, and (2) least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to identify a subset of metabolites jointly associated with OSA, which was used to develop a metabolite index for OSA. Results were validated in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) (n = 475). When assessing the associations with individual metabolites, we identified seven metabolites significantly positively associated with OSA in HCHS/SOL (FDRp < 0.05), of which four associations—glutamate, oleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (18:1/18:2), linoleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (18:2/18:2) and phenylalanine, were replicated in MESA (one sided-p < 0.05). The OSA metabolite index, composed of 14 metabolites, was associated with a 50% increased risk for moderate-severe OSA (OR = 1.50 [95% CI 1.21–1.85] per 1 SD of OSA metabolite index,p < 0.001) in HCHS/SOL and 55% increased risk (OR = 1.55 [95% CI 1.10–2.20] per 1 SD of OSA metabolite index,p = 0.013) in MESA, both adjusted for demographics, lifestyle, and comorbidities. Similar albeit less significant associations were observed for AHI. Replication of the metabolite index in an independent multi-ethnic dataset demonstrates the robustness of metabolomic-based OSA index to population heterogeneity. Replicated metabolite associations may provide insights into OSA-related molecular and metabolic mechanisms.
Optimization of wavefront reconstruction accuracy for conjugate shift differential absolute testing
Authors: Zhu Xueliang , Wang Dasen , Zhang Mengyao , Liu Bingcai , Tian Ailing , Jin Guiying , Zheng Xianfeng
Published: December 2022

The conjugate shift differential method, based on Fourier transforms, is critical for surface error testing of high-precision optical elements. However, this common approach is also prone to periodic spectrum loss. As such, this paper proposes conjugate double shift differential (CDSD) absolute testing, which can effectively compensate for spectrum loss and achieve accurate wavefront reconstructions. Spectrum loss in the single shift differential method is analyzed through a study of the Fourier reconstruction process. A calculation model for the proposed CDSD method is then established and constraint conditions for shift quantities are provided by analyzing double shear effects observed in transverse shear interference. Finally, the reconstruction accuracies of various spectrum compensation methods are compared. Results showed that spectrum loss became more evident with increasing shift amounts. However, the CDSD method produced the smallest measurement error compared with conventional direct zero filling and adjacent point averaging, suggesting our approach could effectively improve absolute shape measurement accuracy for planar optical elements.
Comprehensive analysis of hypoxia-related genes for prognosis, immune features, and drugs treatment strategy in gastric cancer using bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing
Authors: Tao Guoqiang , Jiao Chengwen , Wang Yong , Zhou Qi
Published: December 2022

Hypoxia is one of the malignant characteristics of solid tumors and is related to the multiple malignant characteristics of the tumor. No study has not yet reported a systematical analysis of the characteristics of hypoxia from single-cell resolution in gastric cancer. In our research, we investigated the hypoxia features of various types of cells in single-cell resolution, identified hypoxia-related genes by the weighted gene co-expression network analysis method. Through the hypoxia-related genes from single-cell levels, we screened out 13 genes and established a prognostic model. This model performs well in the training dataset and multiple independent verification data sets. We thought that tumor hypoxia might affect the DNA methylation of cells and promote the transcription of genes associated with malignant features, thereby promoting tumor progression. We found that the more tumor associated genes in the high-risk group showed hypomethylation and high hypoxia-risk score group have more tumor-related genes, more immunosuppressive immune cells and more enrichment of cancer -related pathways. The lower risk group is more sensitive to three chemotherapy drugs for gastric cancer. Our study illustrates the crucial role of hypoxia in gastric cancer. Hypoxia-related gene prognostic model has been established and has good performance. Hypoxia-related risk score can also be used to guide a patient’s drug treatment strategy.
A robust and resilience machine learning for forecasting agri-food production
Authors: Lotfi Reza , Gholamrezaei Amin , Kadłubek Marta , Afshar Mohamad , Ali Sadia Samar , Kheiri Kiana
Published: December 2022

This research proposes a new framework for agri-food capacity production by considering resiliency and robustness and paying attention to disruption and risk for the first time. It is applied robust stochastic optimization by adding robustness to the constraint's objective function and resiliency situation. This research minimizes the mean absolute deviation and coefficient of standard deviation errors by linear function in the agri-food capacity production. This study suggests agri-food managers and decision-makers use this mathematical method to forecast and improve production management. The results of this research lead to better decision-making and are compared with other sine functions. The main model's Robust and Resiliency Mean Absolute Deviation (RRMAD) value is 1.28% lower than other sine-type functions. The conservativity coefficient, confidence level, weight factor, resiliency coefficient, and probability of the scenario vary. The main model's RRMAD value is 1.28% lower than other sine-type functions. Growing the weight factor will result in an increase in RRMAD and a smooth decline inR-squared. Additionally, as the resilience coefficient rises, the RRMAD function increases while theR-squareddeclines. By altering the probability of the scenario, the RRMAD function drops, and theR-squaredgoes up.
COVID-19 plasma exosomes promote proinflammatory immune responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Chen Lechuang , Chen Rui , Yao Min , Feng Zhimin , Yuan Guoxiang , Ye Fengchun , Nguyen Kien , Karn Jonathan , McComsey Grace A. , McIntyre Thomas M. , Jin Ge
Published: December 2022

Elevated serum cytokine production in COVID-19 patients is associated with disease progression and severity. However, the stimuli that initiate cytokine production in patients remain to be fully revealed. Virus-infected cells release virus-associated exosomes, extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin, into the blood to deliver viral cargoes able to regulate immune responses. Here, we report that plasma exosomes of COVID-19 patients contain SARS-CoV-2 double stranded RNA (dsRNA) and stimulate robust production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and other inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by human peripheral mononuclear cells. Exosome depletion abolished these stimulated responses. COVID-19 plasma exosomes induced proinflammatory responses in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD14+ monocytes but not significantly in regulatory T cells, Th17 T cells, or central memory T cells. COVID-19 plasma exosomes protect the SARS-CoV-2 dsRNA cargo from RNase and deliver the dsRNA into recipient cells. These exosomes significantly increase expression of endosomal toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 in peripheral T cells and monocytes. A pharmacological inhibitor of TLR3 considerably reduced cytokine and chemokine production by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells but not by CD14+ monocytes, highlighting divergent signaling pathways of immune cells in response to COVID-19 plasma exosomes. Our results identify a novel model of intercellular crosstalk following SARS-CoV-2 infection that evoke immune responses positioned to contribute to elevated cytokine production associated with COVID-19 progression, severity, and long-haul symptoms.
Vaximap: route optimisation for housebound vaccination
Authors: Kirk Thomas F. , Barker Adam J. , Bodossian Armen , Staruch Robert
Published: December 2022

During the United Kingdom’s Covid-19 vaccination campaign, general practitioners (GPs) have held responsibility for vaccinating housebound patients. This presented them with a large, complex and unfamiliar logistical challenge, namely determining the most time-efficient route to visit multiple patients at their home address. In response to a lack of existing solutions tailored specifically to vaccination, and in light of overwhelming demand, Vaximap (https://www.vaximap.org) was created in January 2021 to automate the process of route planning. It is free of charge for all users and has been used to-date to plan vaccinations for over 470,000 patients. This article analyses usage data to estimate the time savings (3 work years) and financial savings (£110,000) the service has yielded for GP surgeries, thus demonstrating that it helped to accelerate the UK’s Covid-19 vaccination campaign at critical moments.
S-Doped carbonized polymer dots inhibit early myocardial fibrosis by regulating mitochondrial function
Authors: Wang Yiran , Yang Mingxi , Zhang Jiayi , Ren Jingyan , Liu Ning , Liu Bin , Lu Laijin , Yang Bai
Published: December 2022

S-CPDs significantly increased the heart function under oxidative stress and inhibited the ISO induced cardiac hypertrophy of through improving the content of mitochondria related proteins.
Enhanced enzyme stability and gas utilization by microbubble aeration applying microporous aerators
Authors: Thomas Benjamin , Ohde Daniel , Matthes Simon , Bubenheim Paul , Terasaka Koichi , Schlüter Michael , Liese Andreas
Published: December 2022

One of the key elements in stirred tank reactor set-ups is the submersed aeration system. Aeration with microbubbles provides high gas utility coupled with prolonged enzyme stability by lowering the interfacial area renewing rate depending on the aeration mode.
Lipid profile variability in children at different ages measured in dried blood spots
Authors: Ferreira Helena Beatriz , Melo Tânia , Rocha Hugo , Paiva Artur , Domingues Pedro , Domingues M. Rosário
Published: December 2022

Dried blood spots (DBS) are a suitable replacement of venipuncture sampling. DBS lipidomic analysis reveals different lipid profile of children in different pediatric ages.
Reversible colorimetric sensing of volatile analytes by wicking in close proximity to a photonic film
Authors: Palinski Timothy J. , Guan Bin , Bradshaw-Hajek Bronwyn H. , Lienhard Michael A. , Priest Craig , Miranda Félix A.
Published: December 2022

Isolation of volatile analytes from fluid samples is a rate-determining step that can delay sensor response time. An optofluidic sensing platform capable of rapidly detecting gas-phase analytes from flowing micro-volume fluid samples is reported.
Aminophosphine-based continuous liquid-phase synthesis of InP and InP/ZnS quantum dots in a customized tubular flow reactor
Authors: Wang Zhuang , Segets Doris
Published: December 2022

Continuous flow synthesis of InP QDs and InP/ZnS core/shell QDs using a premixed precursor solution and a customized tubular flow reactor setup.
Operation strategies for a flexible megawatt scale electrolysis system for synthesis gas and hydrogen production with direct air capture of carbon dioxide
Authors: Tomberg Marius , Heddrich Marc P. , Ansar S. Asif , Friedrich K. Andreas
Published: December 2022

An in-depth investigation of operation strategies for hydrogen and synthesis gas production using reactors with solid oxide cells.
Ferroelectric nematic droplets in their isotropic melt
Authors: Perera Kelum , Saha Rony , Nepal Pawan , Dharmarathna Rohan , Hossain Md Sakhawat , Mostafa Md , Adaka Alex , Waroquet Ronan , Twieg Robert J. , Jákli Antal
Published: December 2022

Pancake-like ferroelectric nematic droplets in their isotropic melt in horizontal electric fields showing defect motion and shape deformation of the droplets. White arrows show the polarization field.
Shapeshifting proteins: the role of structural disorder and conformational plasticity in physiology and disease
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Samrat
Published: December 2022

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) defy the conventional structure–function paradigm and do not autonomously fold up into unique 3D structures for carrying out functions. They exist as rapidly interconverting conformational ensembles and are thought to expand the functional repertoire of proteins. Such shapeshifting proteins are associated with a multitude of biological functions and a wide range of human diseases. The thematic issue on ‘Shapeshifting Proteins’ in Essays in Biochemistry includes some exciting and emerging aspects of this class of proteins. Articles in this issue provide current trends and contemporary views on various intriguing features of these proteins involving their unique structural and dynamical characteristics, misfolding and aggregation behavior, and their phase transitions into biomolecular condensates. I hope that this thematic issue will be of considerable interest to the practitioners in protein biochemistry and biophysics as well as to the researchers in other allied areas involving cell and molecular biology, neuroscience, virology, pathophysiology, and so forth.
Teaching Caregivers to Support Social Communication: Results From a Randomized Clinical Trial of Autistic Toddlers
Authors: Roberts Megan Y. , Stern Yael S. , Grauzer Jeffrey , Nietfeld Jennifer , Thompson Suzanne , Jones Maranda , Kaat Aaron J. , Kaiser Ann P.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Studies of early caregiver-mediated interventions targeting social communication of young autistic children have yielded variable child outcomes. This study examined the effects of combining two caregiver-mediated interventions on caregiver strategy use and child social communication and language outcomes.

Method:

This was a multisite parallel randomized controlled trial. Participants included 120 caregivers and their autistic children between 24 and 36 months of age. Dyads were randomly assigned to receive a hybrid intervention that combined Enhanced Milieu Teaching (EMT) and Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement, and Regulation (JASPER) or to a behavior management control condition, each delivered over 6 months. Caregivers in the JASP-EMT group received twice-weekly, in-home, and hour-long sessions. Outcomes were measured at baseline, the end of intervention (T1), and 6 months later (T2) and included a naturalistic language sample procedure, standardized measures, and caregiver report measures. This trial was registered at
clinicaltrials.gov
(NCT02595697).

Results:

Child outcomes did not differ between conditions at T1 or T2 for child primary (social communication) or secondary (language, play, and autism symptoms) outcomes. Relative to control group caregivers, intervention group caregivers demonstrated significantly higher use of JASP-EMT strategies at T1 and T2, with the exception of two strategies (Responsiveness and Matched Responsiveness), which were used significantly more by control group caregivers. Neither autism severity nor baseline caregiver responsiveness moderated outcomes. Post hoc analyses revealed significant correlations between specific strategies and all child outcomes.

Conclusions:

Twice-weekly caregiver-mediated intervention that taught caregivers of autistic children to use social communication support strategies did not yield significant child outcomes. Future studies should examine possible sources for the lack of main effects including unexpected differences in linguistic features of caregiver input, changes in control group caregiver behavior, and insufficient intervention dosage.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21714278
Stock Prediction and Analysis based on RNN Neural Network
Authors: Lin Lei
Published: December 2022

The greater the investment, the greater the risk, and building a stock prediction model with high accuracy is of great theoretical significance and practical application for financial investors. It has become a trend to apply artificial neural network to stock prediction. In this paper, we select the Shanghai Composite Index to predict and analyze the stock price. A three-layer neural network is built and the convergence rate is analyzed, and it is obtained that the fitting effect will be more accurate when the selected data is reasonable and has good properties, and finally the change of the stock in a short period of time is obtained. The neural network is feasible and reasonable for stock price prediction, which in turn helps to improve the profitability of stockholders.
Impact of Key Audit Matters on Accounting Information Management by REA Model
Authors: Du Na
Published: December 2022

High-quality accounting information can help enterprises improve their operating conditions and provide useful information for other stakeholders in the market to make decisions. It plays an important role in optimizing the efficiency of the capital market. Firstly, the relevant literature on key audit matters and accounting information quality is sorted out. Then, the Resource, Event, Agent (REA) model is constructed to analyze the relationship between key audit events and the quality of accounting information. Based on the text characteristics and specific types of key audit items, this paper deeply analyzes the impact on the quality of accounting information. The empirical results show that the key audit disclosure helps improve accounting information management. The improvement effect on accounting information management is more significant in enterprises with high earnings management and analyst concerns. In addition, from the perspective of text characteristics, the more key audit events are disclosed, the more detailed the description and response paragraphs are, and the more significant the improvement effect on the quality of accounting information is. The disclosure of asset impairment types is helpful for the quality of accounting information management. The type of fair value measurement is not conducive to improving the quality of accounting information management. Based on the REA model, the implementation effect of key audit items is verified, which has positive significance for deepening the reform of audit standards and improving the efficiency of the capital market.
The Impact of Human Capital on Enterprise Management
Authors: Chen Boyu
Published: December 2022

China is the country with the largest population in the world. It has abundant human resources, but it is very scarce in terms of human capital, which is lower than that of the most developed countries. The scarcity of human capital directly affects the enterprise growth. Human capital plays a key role in the operation and development of enterprises. Giving internal employees of businesses full credit for the value of their human capital may act as a powerful engine for their growth. Human capital indicates the market’s demand for labor and the value that labor may provide to the economy, whereas human resources reflect the number and caliber of laborers in a nation. It has to do with how supply and demand on the market are changing. Investment in human resources produces human capital. This paper discussed an all-encompassing notion of human capital, as well as it’s required conditions of transformation of human resources into human capital. It also emphasizes the integration of human capital within a dynamic multi-loop nexus of social capital, learning, and knowledge management. In addition, the characteristics of human capital management in modern enterprises and the feasibility of human resource transforming into human capital were also discussed. The transformation of human resources into human capital shows that labor has played its own role in the production system. The employee is not only an important condition for enterprise growth, but it can also promote the progress of science and technology and increase the efficiency of the productivity.
Study on the Impact of Digital Finance on the Upgrading of China’s Industrial Structure
Authors: Chen Yan
Published: December 2022

Digital finance has become an important development strategy in China and plays an irreplaceable role in the upgrading of China’s industrial structure. This paper uses panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020 to study the impact of digital finance on industrial structure. The study finds that the impact of digital finance on industrial structure shows a U-shaped relationship. The development of digital finance will promote the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure when it reaches a certain stage. The results of the sub-dimension show that the coverage breadth and depth of use of digital finance also have a U-shaped relationship with the industrial structure. The impact of digital finance on industrial structure has regional heterogeneity. Finally, the impact of digital finance on different industries also varies.
Analysis of Enterprise Business Strategy Based on Business Ecosystem
Authors: He Zhiteng
Published: December 2022

From the perspective of the future development trend of strategic management theory, business ecosystem (BET), commercial Mode and dynamic capability of enterprises are the mainstream trends of the future development of strategic management theory. At the same time, it indicates that there are some internal relations and inevitable laws among them that deserve scholars’ attention. The structure of BET can be examined from two perspectives. According to the closeness and importance of members in the system, BET can be divided into four subsystems: core ecosystem, competition system, support system, society and natural environment system. According to the different roles played in their respective business networks, enterprises can be divided into four types: network core type, dominant type, profit-taking type and gap type. The research on the evolution from leading enterprises to BET is a relatively new research field, but with the development of economic society, it is the only way for enterprises to survive and develop that enterprises and their stakeholders form a BET with competitive advantages through loose confluence. It is hoped that it can give reference to enterprises in the complex business environment and help them achieve long-term development.