bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Family Structure and Parents’ Educational Levels as Correlates of Lower Primary School Pupils’ Academic Achievement in Social Studies in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Agbola Olayinka Jerry , Okewole Johnson Oludele
Published: December 2023

The paper investigated the educational backgrounds of parents of elementary students in Osun state, Nigeria. It aimed to analyze the connection between parents' educational attainment and the educational performance of elementary pupils in the subject of Social Studies. Additionally, the work explored the relationship between family state and the educational achievement of elementary pupils. The investigation employed a descriptive correlational survey research design. The target study comprised pupils aged 5-8 years old and their parents residing in Osun State. The sample population consisted of 300 students and 300 parents, selected through a multistage selection technique. From every selected school, twenty (20) children were chosen using a simple random selection procedure, and all parents of the chosen pupils were purposefully employed for the study, comprising 300 pupils and 300 parents who comprised the study's sample. The two research instruments were “Questionnaire on Family Structure and Parents' Educational Levels” (QFSPEL) and “Pupils' Previous Terms Results in Social Studies” (PPTRSS). The data collected were analyzed statistically using frequency, percentage, and “Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) methods” The research findings shows that the degree of lower primary school children' family structure is very high in Osun State, at 78.5%. The findings found that the level of education of lower primary school children’s parents was high in Osun State, at 58.1% in the study results, a significant and positive correlation (r = 0.885; p < 0.05) between parents' educational levels and the academic achievement of lower primary school students in Social Studies within the study area. On the other hand, the study did not find a significant correlation between family settings and the educational abilities of lower elementary children of study area in Social Studies (r = 1.978; p > 0.05).
Knowledge and Attitude of Mothers towards Nutritional Benefits of Exclusive Breast Feed in Rural Communities of Igabi LGA, Kaduna State
Authors: Ahmad Bello , Osheku Zakari Isiaka
Published: December 2023

Children's growth, health, and development depend on proper nutrition in infancy and early childhood. Worldwide, nursing is advantageous for both mother and child since breast milk is the best source of baby nourishment. This study examined mothers' knowledge and attitude about exclusive breast feeding’s nutritional benefits. A cross-sectional survey of 384 mothers was conducted in rural Igabi LGA. The data was acquired using structured questionnaires. SPSS 21 was used to enter and evaluate data. Chi-square determined categorical data associations. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. By knowledge score, 13.80% of mothers had adequate knowledge, 51.04% intermediate, and 35.15% deficient. Attitude score: 63.80% of mothers were positive. Most mothers (52.5%) reported breast problems as major issues. A local language campaign to educate women about the nutritional benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and renewing the Baby-Friendly Hospital Policy can reduce child mortality, according to the study.
Terrorism and Global Security: A Comparative Analysis of Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State (IS)
Authors: Vincent Elemanya A.
Published: December 2023

The transformation of terrorism from Al-Qaeda to the Islamic State (IS) has created new security challenges. This article examines the threats posed by these two groups by discussing their ideologies, structures and capabilities. Unlike local terrorist groups like the Afghan Taliban, the Islamic State and Al-Qaeda pose a global threat. The work looked at the origin of Al- Qaeda which cannot be separated from the soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, and the objective of Al- Qaeda which main purpose is unifying and leading the jihad movement and providing its purpose and direction. The organization of Al- Qaeda was also discuss in this work, which is divided into four levels, which include, core Al- Qaeda, affiliated groups, allied groups and motivated persons and network. This work also assessed the impact of Al- Qaeda in global security, where some scholars argued that the group is not viable enough to pose global threat while others argued against it. On the other hand this work examined the origin of IS which started as a result of U.S military intervention in Iraq in 2003. It also examines resource base of IS and its objectives which is the destruction of the asymmetry status- quo existing for a long between Muslim countries and the Western allies. The impact and threat assessment of Al- Qaeda and IS on global security which we found out is that IS initially was fighting the near enemy in Iraqi and Syrian regimes, but latter changed its strategy by equally focusing on the “far enemy” as well, and manifested in its high profile attacks in Europe and other places beyond the Middle East. Lastly the researcher look at the differences between Al- Qaeda and IS in terms of their structure, brutality, popularity, conceptual difference etc. At the end, this paper recommends that a comprehensive global strategy is required to eradicate this growing menace of organized terrorism.
Hausa in the 21st Century Internet Environment: From Easy Access to Documentation
Authors: Sani Abu-Ubaida , Bakura Adamu Rabi’u
Published: December 2023

The research is geared towards investigation on one hand the extent to which Hausa is found on the internet, and utilizing the internet for documenting Hausa materials on the other. The most active internet search engines (i.e. AOL, Ask, Baidu, Bing, DuckDuckGo, Google, Internet Archive, WolframAlpha, Yandex. and Yahoo) were utilized to determine the number of existing and functioning Hausa websites. The activities and contents of the websites were studied to ascertain if they help matters by providing the needed materials for the ‘Hausa academic world’. The areas and forms of weaknesses of the sites were studied accordingly. It has been observed that the Hausa websites are dominated by several challenges ranging from socio-political to environmental. Finally, suggestions are offered as panaceas for the observed problems, one of which is the need for a collaborative effort between departments and centers for the studies in the Hausa language and the enthusiastic Hausa bloggers for the attainment of common documentation and improvement goals.
Functional Assessment of MGO Nanoparticle Supplementation in an Acute Liver Injury Rat Model
Authors: Mansha Muhammad Tamoor , Maqbool Ayesha , Nadir Nabeela , Mallhi Ali Imran , Arshad Sehar , Munir Maira , Nadeem Fahad Ali , Ahmad Mubashir , Hussain Aftab
Published: December 2023

Magnesium supplements have been effective for modulating process of bile resistance, decrease oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. Current study was designed to functionally evaluate the MgO nanoparticle supplementation in an acute liver injury rat model. The animals were randomly divided into five groups. All groups were administrated with CCl4 to induce hepatic injury except of negative control group which received only vehicle. CCl4 administration is followed by MgO nanoparticles in the concentration of 150 and 300 mg/kg in low dose and high dose treated group respectively except of standard control group. After 21 days of treatment, the animals were sacrificed to collect blood and liver samples. Serum levels of bilirubin, AST, ALT and ALP were determined. Liver sample was also subjected to RNA isolation by Trizol method followed by the cDNA synthesis and Real Time PCR. In addition, lipid profile was also assessed. The data obtained was analyzed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that levels of bilirubin, AST, ALT and ALP were significantly elevated in positive control group while MgO treated groups, somehow, had normal ranges of these enzymes. Furthermore, the qPCR results showed that the expression of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), transcriptional regulator of the bile salt export pump (BSEP) and sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), is reduced in positive control group, while nanoparticles treated groups had normal expression of these genes. In conclusion, our data showed that MgO nanoparticles possess hepatoprotective activity against hepatic injury.
Zerumbone (ZER), a Potential Anticancer for Breast Mediates Cancer Cell Death Through Targeting β-catenin Signaling Pathway in MCF-7 Cell Line
Authors: Arbab Ismail Adam , Adan Abdirahman Hussein , Haroon Dalia Younis Adam , Abdlrazig Salah Eldeen H. , Bakr Mohamed A. , Mohamud Ahmed Isse , Ali Fath Elrahman Abaid Alla , Mohammed Daralsalalam Essmael , Holy Awad Salim Ibrahim
Published: December 2023

Background: Zerumbone is a sesquiterpene which was found to delay progression of breast cancer through apoptosis induction via up-regulating Bax protein and down-regulating Bcl2 protein. Purpose: In this study, we aimed to investigate Zerumbone, a natural compound of medicinal herbal plant isolated from Zingiber zerumbet, for anti-cancer activity against MCF-7 cell line. Methods: Human cancer cell lines of breast MCF-7 cells were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). ON target plus smart pool siRNA, the most efficient method is used for preparation of β-catenin siRNA. Cyclophilin B siRNA is considered as positive control. Zrumbone is an ethanol-soluble compound isolated from Zingiber zerumbet, extracted by the hydro-distillation (steam distillation) method. Purification of ZER was examined using HPLC. The MCF-7 cells transfected with 100 µM human β-catenin (CTNNB1) siRNA or cyclophilin B siRNA positive control. After transfection, the cells were harvested at 48hrs for mRNA analysis or 48 – 72 hrs for protein analysis. IC50 for ZER was determined using MTT assay. MCF-7 transfected with β-catenin siRNA were then treated with ZER IC50. The mRNA expression was analyzed using real-time to ensure the knock down of β-catenin. TUNNEL assay was used to confirm apoptosis and flow cytometry was applied for quantification of apoptotic cells. Western blot analysis was done to evaluate the effect of ZER and β-catenin (CTNNB1) siRNA on the expression of β-catenin and its functional impact on the proliferation and survival of MCF-7 cells. Results: ZER decreased β-catenin protein expression in breast cancer cell lines. ZER downregulated β-catenin mRNA level in breast cancer cell lines. Depletion of β-catenin by β-catenin siRNA and ZER induce cell apoptosis. Apoptosis caused by ZER was confirmed/examined using by annexin V (annexin V was used as a marker for drug action). Conclusion: Zerumbone possesses anti-breast cancer activity, which could be attributed to the reduction of β-catenin protein expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines, downregulation of β-catenin mRNA level in breast cancer cell lines and through annexin V.
The Effectiveness of a Health Promotion Program Based on Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM) for Students with Chronic Illnesses
Authors: Assiri Zohour Ali , Alqurishah Ali Meshal Hassan , AlDohan Dohan Mahdi , AlQurayshah Mohammed Meshal , Al Salaim Mohammed Mosfer , duways Saleh Mohammed hadi Al , Lslom Abdurahman Hussain , Lsloo Manasser Ali , Sulaiman Motared Ali Al , Majrashi Amna Yahya , Yami Meshari Hassan Al , Alslaim Abdullah Mahdi , Alyami Mahdi Ali Mohammed , Alyami Yousef Saleh Sablan , Besher Ali Abdullah Hamad Al
Published: December 2023

Background: Nursing students often struggle to maintain their health due to the rigorous demands of their curriculum, which frequently involves long hours of clinical work and exposure to stressful environments. Objective: This research study sought to investigate the effectiveness of a health promotion program based on Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM) for nursing students with chronic illnesses. Methods: The study utilized a quasi-experimental design, including 105 nursing students from several institutions—55 participants belonging to an experimental group and 50 in the control group. To determine the students' quality of well-being prior- and post-treatment/phases, researchers monitored their health behaviors utilizing the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II) survey tool. The program included educational activities designed around coping with chronic diseases such as nutritional counseling or exercise planning also practical tools like stress management protocols/particulars along with peer support constructs/frameworks as key components in addressing adverse effects associated with such conditions. Results: Based on the results of the paired t-tests, a significant increase in HPLP-II scores was identified after the intervention in those assigned to the experimental group. Furthermore, an independent t-test highlighted that a significant difference existed between the average HPLP-II score for experimental and control groups. Discussion: These findings were scrutinized within Pender's Health Promotion Model framework to identify which aspects of the intervention contributed most efficiently to improved health behaviors and resultant outcomes. Conclusion: This research study established compelling evidence which supports the utilization of Pender's Health Promotion Model in improving health-promoting behaviors among nursing learners with chronic ailments. This finding could help nursing educators and healthcare professionals to outline interventions for this particular demographic group.
A Systematic Review about the Consequences of Diabetes on Peri-Implant Therapy
Authors: Bakri Hamed Mousa H. , Hakami Shaker , Dira Mohammed Al , Dira Hajar Al , Naseeb Weaam , Maadi Marwan , Mobarki Khalid , Madkhali Rehaf , Hakami Thamer Mohammed , Sultana Fatima
Published: December 2023

Diabetes is a common chronic metabolic disease that has attracted a lot of attention in the dental community because of its possible effects on peri-implant therapy. Dental implant procedures have grown in popularity as a means of replacing lost teeth. This systematic review aims to investigate the ways in which diabetes impacts different peri-implant therapy aspects. Up until February 2023, electronic databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase were thoroughly searched. Eleven studies in total that complied with the inclusion criteria were included in the final analysis. These studies used both prospective and retrospective designs to investigate the impact of diabetes on implant outcomes. An overview of the impact of diabetes on the outcomes of peri-implant therapy, such as implant success, survival, and tissue health around the implants, is given in this abstract. Numerous studies repeatedly show that diabetes adversely affects these crucial facets of implant therapy. Diabetes affects soft tissue health around dental implants, lowers implant survival rates, and increases the risk of peri-implantitis.
Analysis of the Effect of System Quality and Information Quality on Net Benefits through User Satisfaction of the Basic Education Data Information System (DAPODIK) in all junior high schools in Manggarai Regency
Authors: Lisa Novita , Ardianto Yusaq Tomo
Published: December 2023

Through user satisfaction of the primary education data information system (DAPODIK) in junior high schools in the Manggarai district, this study seeks to characterize the impact of system quality and information quality on net benefits. The sampling technique uses the census method. The population in this study were all operators at junior high schools in Manggarai district, totaling 81 people. Samples were taken using a census so that 81 operators became the object of research. The process of collecting research data uses a questionnaire or questionnaire which is distributed using a Google form sent via WhatsApp with a Lickert scale. The technique used for testing the hypothesis is path analysis and the tool used in data processing is SPSS 26 Software. Based on the path analysis of this study found that there are 4 hypotheses that have a positive and significant influence, that is, the relationship between information quality and net benefits, the relationship between system quality and user satisfaction, and the relationship between user satisfaction and net benefits. The system quality on net benefits, information quality on user satisfaction, and information quality on net benefits through user satisfaction were the hypotheses that were disproved in this study.
Assessment of Cardiovascular Indices in Obese Women Resident in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: A Tamuno-Opubo , Dede Siyeofori Belema , Stanley Rosemary Oluchi , Dienye Zosa Ugbana , Wihioka Joy Tonye
Published: December 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are often thought to be a “man’s” challenge, are now recorded as the primary cause of death for women globally. Consequently, the present study set out to assess the cardiovascular indices in obese women resident in Rivers State, Nigeria. Utilizing the Leslie Fischer's formula; exactly 334 obese and non-obese women within their 18 and 65 years of age with no obvious health condition and resident in Upland and Riverine areas of Rivers State were recruited by the present study. The multistage sampling technique was used, and subjects were drawn across the upland and riverine locations of the State. Consenting subjects were randomly surveyed from the multi-ethnic residents of the state. Anthropometric (body mass index-BMI) data and auscultatory blood pressure measurement were done using Seca weight/height scale and mercury sphygmomanometer and stethoscope respectively. Electrocardiographic (ECG) features were recorded using the standard resting 12 – lead ECG. Numerical data obtained were subjected to statistical analyses using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test with a p< 0.05 considered statistically significant were determined. The BMI values were generally higher in the RVR subjects when compared to their UPL counterparts, but only that of obese class II were significant (P<0.05) of the aforementioned increases. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) of all subjects indicated graded increases from obese class I to obese class III and these increases were seen to be significant (P<0.05) when compared to that of the non-obese and down the successive groups. The ECG features in the non-obese and obese class I subgroups indicated higher prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in the UPL residents than the RVR residents. The study thus found that there was a significantly raised prevalence of obesity in younger RVR .......
Video Assisted Thoracoscopy Talc Pleurodesis in the Management of Metastatic Pleural Effusion
Authors: K Ghebouli , K Bendjoudi , H Larkem , MA Kecir , M Belbekri
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Metastatic pleural effusion complicates many cancers and impairs patients' quality of life. In a palliative situation, the decision between thoracoscopy talc pleurodesis, tube chest, iterative punctures or abstention is difficult and often operator dependent. Materials and methods: We report a study of 87 patients with metastatic pleural effusion treated by video assisted thoracoscopy talc pleurodesis. Results: Breast cancer constitutes the primary site causing metastatic pleural effusion in approximately half of cases, followed by bronchopulmonary cancers and finally digestive cancers. The complete response rate in the short and medium term is very satisfactory. We did not report any complications apart from one case of empyema. Conclusion: video assisted thoracoscopy talc pleurodesis constitutes an interesting treatment for recurrence of metastatic pleural effusion.
Surgical Management of Oro-Facial Clefts at a Tertiary Care Hospital in a Resource-Limited Setting: A Tanzanian Experience
Authors: Ephraim Samson K. , Protas Cecilia , Tegete Francis
Published: December 2023

Background: Orofacial clefts are the most common craniofacial anomalies in most parts of the world and its management remains a challenge to otorhinolaryngology, plastic/reconstructive, oral and maxillofacial surgeons practicing in resource limited countries. There is limited data on surgical management of these birth defects in Tanzania and Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) in particular. This study aimed to describe our own experience regarding the surgical management of orofacial clefts at BMC, a tertiary care hospital in Tanzania. Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving all children with orofacial clefts that were treated at BMC between February 2019 and June 2019. Results: A total of 98 patients with orofacial clefts were recruited. Males outnumbered males by a male to female ratio of 1.7:1. The majority of patients (64.3%) were within 12 months at presentation. The median ages at surgery in patients with cleft lip and those with cleft palate were 3 [IQR, 2 to 8] and 11(IQR, 7 to 18) months, respectively. Orofacial clefts in association with congenital anomalies were recorded in 5(5.1%) patients. More than half of patients (55.1%) had combined cleft lip and palate. Unilateral clefts, 77(78.5%) were more common and showed left side preponderance in 52(53.1%) patients. All patients underwent cleft surgery under general anesthesia. Millard rotation advancement flap repair and von-Langenbeck were the most common techniques of cleft lip and palate repair performed in 42(52.5%) and 30 (41.7%) patients, respectively. The overall complication rate was 14.3% and the most common postoperative complications were bleeding, palatal fistula, wound dehiscence and surgical site infections in 6(31.6%), 4(21.1%) and 3(15.8%) each respectively. No death was recorded in this study. Among the 98 patients operated, 79 were treated successfully giving an overall success rate of 80.6%. The success rate was significantly influenced by nutrition status (p= 0.010), co-existing con
Effects of 0.01% Atropine Eye Drops on Controlling Myopia Progression in School Age Children in Ophthalmology Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Chaudhry Rabia Khawar , Aziz Tariq , Khan Nasar Qamar , Khan Mahwash , Dad Mehboob
Published: December 2023

Purpose:  To determine the effects of 0.01% atropine eye drops in controlling myopia progression in school age children presenting to Ophthalmology Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital.
Study Design:  Quasi experimental study.
Place & Duration of Study:  Department of ophthalmology Jinnah postgraduate Medical Center, JPMC Karachi and Advance Eye Clinic Karachi, Pakistan from July 2018 to July 2020.
Methods:  One hundred myopic patients (myopia of 0.5D to 13.0D) with age range of 6 – 14 years were recruited. Patients with astigmatism <-2.0D, other ocular or medical disease and history of laser or ocular surgery were excluded. Atropine group was instructed to instill Atropine 0.01% once at night time. Control group did not receive any treatment. Refraction was performed at all examinations with and without Cycloplegia along with fundoscopy and axial length measurements. The follow up frequency was at 3 monthly intervals. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22. To compare quantitative data between groups, t-test was used while for qualitative data Chi-square test was used.
Results:  Mean age was 9.21 ± 2.45 years. Out of 100, 57 were males. There was no statistical difference between atropine group vs control group in terms of baseline SER (spherical equivalent refraction), (p = 0.407) and baseline axial length (p = 0.892). Mean difference in SER from baseline to after completion of study two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Mean difference in AL from baseline to end of study between two groups was also statistically significant (p < 0.001).
Conclusion:  Low concentration atropine 0.01% can be helpful in halting myopia progression.
Effectiveness of Silicone Oil Tamponade with Pars Plana Vitrectomy in Isolated Cases of Vitreous Hemorrhage with Advanced Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Shaikh Kaleemullah , Kazi Umar , Memon Nasir , Zia Ali , Aziz Zunair
Published: December 2023

Purpose:  To assess the effectiveness and safety of silicone oil as tamponade in vitrectomy performed for isolated cases of vitreous hemorrhage in patients with advanced diabetic retinopathy.
Study Design:  Quasi experimental.
Place and Duration of Study:  Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital, Karachi from October 2022 to March 2023.
Methods:  Forty two cases of advanced diabetic retinopathy (either sex), with developing vitreous hemorrhage (active bleeding) were enrolled through convenient sampling. Demographic characteristics and pre-operative examination of eyes including Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), indirect ophthalmoscopy, gonioscopy and ultrasonography (in cases where fundus was not visible) were performed. All the patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP). Silicone oil was used as tamponade. Post-operative follow up was at first week after surgery and repeated at 3rd month and 6th month. Effect of silicon oil tamponade on re-bleeding after surgery was specifically observed. Anatomical outcome and side effects were also noted during the study period.
Results:  Out of 42 cases, re-bleed occurred in 2 cases (4.76 %). However, intraocular pressure (IOP) was raised in 3cases (7.1%) and cataract formed in 2 cases (4.76%). No other side effect was observed throughout the study period.
Conclusion:  Use of silicone oil as tamponade effectively decreases re-bleeding in patients of advanced diabetic retinopathy after vitrectomy. However, few complications such as increased intraocular pressure and cataract can occur that are manageable both medically and surgically.
Change in Biometric Parameters after Deep Vitrectomy with Silicon Oil Tamponade
Authors: Gohari Mohsen , Babaei Esmaeil , Attar Alireza , Shiravani Mohammad , Salehi Laleh
Published: December 2023

Purpose:  To determine change in biometric parameters after PPV with silicon oil tamponade.
Study Design:  Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study:  Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, from 2021 to 2023.
Method:  This study included 50 patients of 50 to 85 years with vitreous hemorrhage and proliferative diabetic retinopathy who were referred to Yazd hospital for PPV. The study evaluated all patients before and three months after PPV with Silicon oil (SO) injection in terms of anterior segment biometric parameters including lens thickness (LT), axial length AL, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and mean of keratometry.  The IBM SPSS version 16.0 processor software was used to analyze the data. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was employed to evaluate the normality of the data distribution. The paired t-test was performed to evaluate the mean differences between datasets. The P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results:  The study consisted of 50 participants, of which 28% (n = 14) were females. Mean age was 65.92 ± 9.58 years. Vitreous hemorrhage was present in 34% (n = 17) participants and proliferative diabetic retinopathy was seen in 66% (n = 33). Mean of each parameter was as follows after surgery: AL: 23.88 ± 1.48, LT: 4.32 ± 0.39, CCT: 527.63 ± 39.38, ACD: 3.17 ± 0.59, and keratometry: 44.0 ± 1.32.
Conclusion:  SO increased the axial length of the eye and caused a myopic shift in patients who underwent vitrectomy surgery with SO tamponade.
Role of Intrasilicon Oil Methotrexate Injection to Prevent Development of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Jamil Ahmad Zeeshan , Muhammad Hannan Jamil  , Abdullah Muaz  , Hina Nazir  , Muhammad Nauraiz Zubair Chawla
Published: December 2023

Purpose: To determine the role of intra-silicon oil methotrexate injection to prevent Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy.
Study Design:  Quasi experimental Study.
Place and Duration:  Ophthalmology department of Sahiwal Teaching Hospital, Sahiwal from February 2022 to August 2022.
Methods:  Study included patients of either gender, older than 19 years with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) grade B or less. There were two groups and each group had fifty-one patients. All patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy and silicon oil tamponade. Group 1 was control group. Group 2 had intravitreal injections of methotrexate 500mg at the end of surgery. We repeated the injections at 1st, 2nd, and 4th week postoperatively.
Results:  There were 56 (54.9%) male and 46 (45.1%) female patients. Postoperatively visual acuity improved in thirty cases (58.82%) in group 1 and in forty-two cases (82.35%) in group 2. Postoperatively PVR developed in 11 (21.57%) patients in group 1 while in group 2 no patient had PVR. Recurrent Retinal detachment occurred in 9 (19.61%) patients in group 1 and 3 (5.88%) patients in group 2. Chi square test demonstrated statistically significant difference in the frequency of development of PVR and re-detachment of retina between two groups, p<0.05.
Conclusion:  Methotrexate is an effective adjuvant used in Pars plana Vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair. It prevents Proliferative vitreoretinopathy resulting in better surgical and functional outcome.
Lucidis 124m Edof Iol; Experience from Two Tertiary Care Centers and Quality of Life Study
Authors: Mazhry Zia ul , Hassan Faiza , Abdullah Muhammad , Asif Laiba
Published: December 2023

Purpose:  To determine visual outcomes and post-operative complications after Lucidis 124M EDOF IOL implantation after phacoemulsification and to see the effect of these lenses on Quality of life of the patients.
Study Design:  Mixed study design (Quasi Experimentaland qualitative analysis).
Place and Duration of Study:  WAPDA Teaching Hospital and Acuity Eye Centre, Lahore, from November 2017 to October 2022.
Methods:  Hundred eyes of seventy five patients underwent Lucidis EDOF IOL implantation after phacoemulsification using 2.75 mm clear posterior corneal incisions. Criteria used to document visual outcomes were uncorrected and corrected distance and near vision measurements. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed by interviewing the patients at least 6 months postoperatively using google forms.
Results:  Hundred eyes of 75 patients were enrolled. There were 39 (52%) males and 36 (48%) females. Mean age was 1.48 ± 0.50 years. Meanbaseline un-corrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 2.83 ± 1.48. Eighty two percent eyes had corrected vision of 6/6 and 75 eyes achieved N.6 for near. Fifty patients out of 75 responded to the questionnaire regarding QoL. Sixteen percent patients had glare, 85% reported no difficulties during night driving and 68% had no problem in watching TV without glasses. Sixty eight percent did not experience any itching, watering, or discomfort and 90% responded that their QoL had improved. None of the patients had lens deposits, discoloration or decentration. One had endophthalmitis.
Conclusion:  Lucidis EDOF IOL are safe and effective lenses in terms of visual outcomes and spectacle independence resulting in better quality of life.
Etiologies and Demographic Distribution of Uveitis in a Referral Center in Iraq
Authors: Alshalchi Abeer Abdulrazzaq Hadi , Bananzada Ameer A. , Kadhim Ahmed Abbas , Alhasseny Khitam Fakhir
Published: December 2023

Purpose:  To determine the etiologies and demographic distribution of uveitis in a referral center in Baghdad, Iraq, and to compare the results with a similar study done in the same center in 2014.
Study Design:  Descriptive observational study.
Place and Duration of Study:  Ibn Al-Haitham Teaching Eye Hospital, Iraq, from January 2019 to June 2022.
Patients and Methods:  Two hundred and fourteen patients with uveitis were included. They underwent complete ocular and relevant systemic examination. Data was collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Comparison was done with the data retrieved from 2014.
Results:  Out of 264 patients, only 214 (81%) completed follow up. Others did not show up again due to Corona virus Pandemic. There were 122 (57%) females, 95 (44.3%) were unilateral, 62 (28.9%) were granulomatous, 62 (28.9%) were anterior, 42 (19.6%) were intermediate, 4 (1.8%) were posterior and 106 (49.7%) were panuveitis cases. Cause was identified in 161 (75.3%) patients while 53 (24.7%) were considered idiopathic. Out of 214 patients, 84 (39.2%) were due to infectious causes like tuberculosis, herpes (herpes zoster or simplex viruses), and toxoplasmosis. On the other hand, 130 (60.7%) cases were non-infectious for example, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, Behcet disease, connective tissue diseases such as Ankylosing Spondylitis, or idiopathic.
Conclusion:  A minor change was found from the 2014 study to 2023. Tuberculosis is now the most common cause of infectious uveitis instead of Toxoplasmosis. Furthermore, Idiopathic, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada, and Behcet disease are the commonest causes of non-infectious uveitis.
Pengaruh Pelatihan dan Pengembangan Karir Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di PT Catur Mitra Sejati Sentosa
Authors: Ramdhan Muhammad
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan dan pengembangan karir terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Catur Mitra Sejati Sentosa di PT Catur Mitra Sejati Sentosa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kausalitas yaitu penelitian yang disusun untuk meneliti kemungkinan adanya hubungan sebab akibat antar variabel. Teknik penentuan sampel menggunakan sampel jenuh yang berjumlah 59 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan dan pengembangan karir berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Catur Mitra Sejati Sentosa dengan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 62% sedangkan sisanya sebesar 38% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini. Dari hasil uji hipotesis yang dihasilnya menunjukan nilai Fhitung sebesar 45,708 lebih besar dari Ftabel sebesar 3,16 dengan tingkat signifikan 0,000 lebih kecil dari 0,05. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara bersama-sama pelatihan dan pengembangan karir berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Catur Mitra Sejati Sentosa.
For citation: Professor John Stewart Cameron
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: December 2023

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Avaliação do potencial carcinogênico do adesivo dentário em um modelo experimental de Drosophilas melanogaster
Authors: Amorim Maria Luiza Alves , Matias Gabriel Henrique , Santos Leryk Henrique , Pereira Leonardo Bíscaro , Júnior Helvécio Marangon
Published: December 2023

A Odontologia Adesiva surgiu com o intuito de minimizar infiltrações, deslocamentos e desgastes dentários desnecessários. Atualmente muito se sabe sobre propriedades físicas e químicas dos sistemas adesivos, porém ainda são necessários mais estudos a respeito de suas propriedades e efeitos biológicos. Os adesivos dentários possuem dois componentes que merecem atenção, o BIS-GMA e o bisfenol A (PMA), devido ao potencial danoso que possuem já relatado na literatura. Dessa forma, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar o potencial carcinogênico do adesivo dentário, utilizando como modelo experimental Drosophilas Melanogaster a partir do ETT (Epithelial Tumor Test). As Drosophilas melanogaster foram expostas à seis diferentes concentrações do adesivo AdperMR Single Bond 2 (3M do Brasil – Sumaré – São Paulo), sendo elas: 1:20, 1:40, 1:80, 1:160, 1:320 e 1:640, utilizando como solvente água de osmose reversa, além do controle positivo com Cloridrato de Doxorrubicina (DXR) e do controle negativo com água de osmose reversa. Foi realizada comparação dos resultados obtidos com os grupos controles e foi possível observar que existe uma diminuição da atividade carcinogênica a medida que há um aumento das diluições do adesivo. No entanto, mais pesquisas são necessárias para afirmar sua carcinogenicidade.
Application of machine learning algorithms for detecting anomalies in big data streams of sensor readings
Authors:   Severnov V.V. Severnov B.V.
Published: December 2023

An overview of the basic anomaly detection algorithms and their implementation in the applied problem for big data streams processing of sensor readings is considered. New approaches for detecting anomalies based on various architectures of neural network autoencoders are proposed and their comparative analysis is considered.

Keywords
anomaly detection, machine learning, neural networks, recurrent neural network, encoder, decoder, fully connected layer, latent vector
Review of intelligent control methods for manipulators with rigid links
Authors:   Alvardat M.YA. Mbolo O.E.-L. CHernenkaya L.V. Kochneva O.V. Al-Araji H.M.
Published: December 2023

Robotic manipulators, which are mechanical devices with electronic control and several links, used to perform specific tasks under certain circumstances are considered. A detailed review of intelligent control methods implemented in robotic manipulator systems is presented.

Keywords
systems, control, robotics, automation, neural network, fuzzy logic, intelligent control
Performance of DIO Suppression attack in RPL based IoT networks
Authors: Sindhu Vikas
Published: December 2023

Wireless sensor networks are very important in many uses, but they can be attacked, which can make the network less secure and less effective. The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy “Networks (RPL) is the target of the DIO silencing attack. The goal of this study is to figure out how the DIO suppression attack affects RPL and how well the NLBGNDO algorithm stops the attack. To reach this goal, an accurate model of the RPL protocol and the DIO silence attack are built into a modelling code. The modelling code includes the NLBGNDO routing algorithm, which is a suggested safe and effective routing method for RPL. Key measures, like the number of packets delivered, the length of the path, and the amount of power used, are recorded and analysed both when the network is working normally and when it is under attack. The results of the study show how vulnerable RPL is to the DIO suppression attack and how well the NLBGNDO algorithm works to protect against its effects. The packet delivery ratio shows how the attack affects the network's ability to send data, and the route stretch measure shows how well the routing method works when under attack.
INFLATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS IN GHANA
Authors: Mmieh Kwakye Raphael  , Ofori Charles  , Takyi Kwabena Nsiah  , Chikwanda Kampamba
Published: December 2023

This study analyzes the relationship between inflation and unemployment in the Ghanaian economy, which is characterized by abundant natural resources but hindered by low per capita income, high unemployment, and escalating inflation. The study employs the ARDL model to conduct a meticulous econometric analysis, revealing macroeconomic indicators intricate impacts on economic growth and social welfare. The study reveals a consistent gap between government policies and economic difficulties, indicating an immediate requirement to adjust policy creation and execution. This study examines the societal implications of current economic conditions, specifically the potential for societal unrest and the erosion of families purchasing power. Effective remedial action is imperative. The CUSUM and Sensitivity tests were employed to enhance our research, confirming the strength and dependability of our model and results. Based on our findings, we suggest practical policy measures to address these economic obstacles. The research aims to contribute to the critical discourse on Ghanas economic development, with a focus on achieving economic robustness and social equity in the future. This paper provides valuable insights for policymakers, economists, and researchers seeking to comprehend the intricacies of inflation and unemployment in developing economies, specifically those in contexts similar to Ghana.
DYNAMICS OF MICROCIRCULATORY CHANGES IN THE RETINA OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Umida F. Mavlyanova  , Azamat F. Yusupov
Published: December 2023

Objective: This study aimed to assess microvascular changes in the retina over time in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) following kidney transplantation.
Methods: A total sample of 54 CKD patients (108 eyes) was prospectively observed for 2 years to evaluate the dynamics of microvascular parameters. Two study groups were formed: Group 1 comprised 36 patients (72 eyes) who underwent kidney transplantation, and Group 2 comprised 18 patients (36 eyes) receiving hemodialysis and conservative treatment. Patients were examined before the operation, within 2 months post-operation (early postoperative period), and at 12 months post-operation (late postoperative period).
Results: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) results demonstrated that retinal parameters, including area, perimeter, and circularity index of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), showed recovery over the 12-month observation period after kidney transplantation, indicating a positive trend in the macular region. Similar trends were observed for overall vessel density, perfusion, and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) parameters. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.05) between the groups in terms of FAZ area and CVI.
Conclusion: The primary microvascular changes in the retinas of patients with end-stage CKD involve reduced vessel density and perfusion volume in the superficial capillary layer.
KEYWORDS: chronic kidney disease; kidney transplantation; microvascular changes; optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).
Implementasi Sosialisasi Pasar Modal Syariah untuk Meningkatkan Minat Investor Muda dalam Berinvestasi
Authors: Siregar Zulia Almaida , Nasution Zulaini Masruro , Kirana Ika Okta , Nasution Asmarani , Rizki Fitri
Published: December 2023

Investments are mu'amalah activities that are highly recommended in Islam, therefore the sharia capital market is present as a means of investment for Muslims who want to invest in accordance with sharia principles. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the implementation of socialization carried out by related parties in influencing the interest of young people in this case students at STIKOM Tunas Bangsa Pematangsiantar to invest in the sharia capital market. This type of research is field research (field research) and the nature of the research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection techniques used are interviews and documentation and data analysis techniques using inductive thinking. The results showed that the implementation of syrai'ah capital market socialization among young people greatly influenced interest and increased motivation to invest in the sharia capital market. The implication is that they invest in shares in the sharia capital market, this is influenced by the perceptions they have about an established future, a person who has good financial intuition, a firm attitude in making decisions in building individual economies in the future, strong motivation to invest for personal welfare and service.
Analysis of Challenges and Difficulties in Implementing Information Systems Audit: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Soraya Nurhaflah , Muda Iskandar , Sampetoding Eliyah A M
Published: December 2023

Information Systems Audit has a main role in the value of any organization from developing countries such as integrity, reliability, security, and privacy. Many researchers are interested in the topic of information systems audit due to the large number of recent business failures. Some research focuses on the current cases from developing countries so this research will give a comprehensive overview of information systems audit. Research gap in the existing literature raised the following research question: What are the difficulties and challenges experienced by developing countries in terms of Information Systems Auditing? The narrative literature review for information systems research was undertaken in line with the theory approach to systematic review. This research analyzed a number of categories that aligned with the grand theories related to difficulties and challenges in the implementation of the Information Systems Audit. In conclusion, this literature review shows that the countries face various challenges and difficulties regarding Information Systems Audit which consists of legislation and policies, culture, education, and human resources.
Pengaruh Tarif Pajak, Keadilan Pajak dan Sanksi Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor pada Pemerintah Daerah Kota Kupang
Authors: Oktariyana Made Denny , Reu Fransiskus Marlon , Latumahina Olivia
Published: December 2023

This research aims to determine the effect of Tariffs, Tax Justice and Tax Sanctions on taxpayer compliance. This research uses a quantitative approach, this research was conducted at the Kupang City Regional Government. The Regional Government of Kupang City has a problem related to the number of motor vehicle tax arrears which is increasing every year, in 2022 it will record arrears of 114,571, namely 44% of the total 258,824 registered vehicles. This is due to a lack of taxpayer awareness which causes regional income revenues to not be absorbed optimally. The sampling method used the incidental sampling method, so that a sample of 100 respondents was obtained. This research data was collected using a questionnaire which was then processed using multiple linear regression analysis tests with the help of SPSS version 22. The results of the research stated that Partial Tax Rates had a positive and significant effect on Motor Vehicle Taxpayer Compliance. Tax rates partially have a positive and significant effect on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance. Tax sanctions partially have a positive and insignificant effect on Motor Vehicle Taxpayer Compliance.
The verses of Laylat al-Qadr in surah al-Qadr and al-Dukhan: A linguistic and semantic study
Authors: ALMATHHAN PROF. SALEH FLAYEH ZA'AL
Published: December 2023

The researcher demonstrates the connotations of the expressions and linguistic structures in Surat Al-Qadr, and the verses that talk about the Night of Power in the beginning of Surat Al-Dukhan, guided by the sayings of commentators, linguists, grammarians and the authentic hadiths of the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him. Explain its significance, and the effect of the morphological and grammatical form in connotation on the meaning.
The researcher studied the audio clips and their impact on the textual cohesion in the noble verses, morphological formulas and grammatical structure and their impact on the significance of the noble verses, to present a linguistic study on the verses of Laylat al-Qadr in the Suras Al-Qadr and Ad-Dukhan.
Key words: Al-Qadr, Blessed Night, Laylat al-Qadr.
EVALUASI PROGRAM BERDASARKAN PENDEKATAN KONSUMEN (PENDEKATAN BERDASARKAN KONSUMEN)
Authors: Rusman Z Abidin  , Nurul Anriani
Published: December 2023

Evaluasi program adalah komponen penting dalam menentukan seberapa efektif dan efisien program pendidikan dan pelatihan. Dalam evaluasi, pendekatan orientasi konsumen (Consumer-Oriented Approach) menjadi penting karena fokus pada persepsi, kepuasan, dan hasil peserta sebagai layanan konsumen . Makalah ini membahas langkah-langkah dalam evaluasi program yang berorientasi pada konsumen, kelebihan dan kekurangannya, serta aplikasinya dalam dunia pendidikan dan pelatihan. Pendekatan evaluasi yang berorientasi pada konsumen penting karena fokus pada persepsi, kepuasan, dan hasil yang dirasakan oleh peserta sebagai konsumen jasa. Tulisan ini membahas langkah-langkah yang diperlukan untuk program evaluasi yang berorientasi pada konsumen, kelebihan dan kekurangannya, serta implementasinya dalam pendidikan dan pelatihan. Evaluasi Awal.