bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Servo Drive Positioning Control System Using PID Controller and Fuzzy Logic Controller
Authors:   National Research University of Electronic Technology, Moscow, Russia, Naing Zaw Myo
Published: December 2021

Servo drives are one of the most widely utilized devices in various mechanical systems and industrial applications to provide precise position control. The study of servo driver produc-tiveness and performance index is the important task. In this work, PID controller and fuzzy log-ic controller (FLC) were developed to control the position of a DC servo drive. The MATLAB Simulink program was investigated and implemented to calculate the values of servo drive pa-rameters, and a scheme for simulating the operation of a servo drive using different controllers was presented. A mathematical model of a DC servo drive for a positioning control system has been proposed. The control characteristics of the PID controller, fuzzy logic controller and fuzzy PID controller are compared. The simulation results have shown that the PID controller allows for an overshoot of about 1 % with a settling time of about 4 sec. The use of the fuzzy PID con-troller reduces the maximum overshoot to 1 % and decreases the settling time to 2 sec. As a re-sult, the fuzzy PID controller allows for better performance and efficiency compared to other controllers.
Setting up the Attribute Space of Periodic Time Dependencies for Dynamic Object Diagnostic Systems (Taking the Eye Retina as an Example)
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Aleksandrova Yuliya S. , Balarev Dmitriy A. ,   NRU MPEI, Kolosov Oleg S. ,   NRU MPEI, Ovivyan Anna V. ,   NRU MPEI, Parfenova Olga I. ,   Research Center «Automated Control Systems»
Published: December 2021

The technology of testing dynamically and structurally similar aircraft models for flutter in subsonic wind tunnels using information and The article addresses techniques for setting up the attribute space of informative features of periodic signals recorded at the output of a dynamic object with an unknown structure in response to rectangular testing signals of different frequencies applied to the object input. The attribute space is used in developing expert systems for diagnosing the current state of an operating dynamic object. With a great variety of possible developing faults, the simplest practical techniques involving the use of characteristic points of change in the observed time dependencies yield a limited number of features with large mutual intersection domains. To expand the attribute space, it is proposed to use the expansion of input and output signals into a Fourier series for setting up a base of additional features. The proposed features characterize, depending on the testing conditions, the object’s transferring properties in the frequency domain from changes in its amplitude and phase characteristics. The test pulse frequency and duration serve as such conditions. For the convenience of comparing the object’s frequency responses variation pattern, two special procedures are used. The first procedure allows the observed time dependencies to be reduced to a single pseudo frequency of the test signals. The second procedure uses specially formed windows for subjecting individual fragments of the observed time dependencies to a spectral analysis. It is shown that, depending on the type of the frequency responses being analyzed, the techniques for their polynomial approximation, as well as integral estimates of frequency response individual domains can be useful. The polynomial approximation makes it possible to use the coefficients of the approximating polynomials as additional features, and the integration of individual characteristic domains of the frequency responses makes it possible to introduce dimensionless relative indicators that characterize the degree of change in the frequency responses depending on the experimental conditions. The considered techniques open the possibility to select additional features that can help distinguish both separate groups of faults and individual faults in operating objects. The study results are illustrated by the examples of analyzing the changes in electroretinograms that record changes in the eye retina biopotential in response to light flashes of different frequencies.
Forecasting the Electricity Consumption at Industrial Enterprises Using an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov, Rakhmonov Ikromjon U. , Kurbonov Nurbek Nurullo ugli ,   Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov
Published: December 2021

The problems concerned with forecasting the amount of electricity consumed by industrial enterprises are of utmost importance. An effective way of resolving conflicts between an industrial enterprise and a power supply company and preventing the occurrence of additional costs is to perform maximally accurate prediction of electricity consumption parameters, which can be achieved by reducing them for a contractual settlement period. Electricity consumption forecasting is of importance both from the technological and economical points of view, and its completeness has a direct effect on improving the competitiveness of manufactured products. This, in turn, is determined by a significant fraction of electricity expenditures in the enterprise output net cost. In determining the forecasted indicators of electricity consumption by industrial enterprises, it is advisable to use modern high-precision forecasting methods that ensure the minimum prediction error. The article addresses matters concerned with forecasting the electricity consumption by industrial enterprises with applying the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) method and using the Python 3.9 programming language (with involvement of the following software packages: statsmodels, numpy, pandas, pmdarima, and matplotlib) taking a metallurgical enterprise in the Republic of Uzbekistan as an example. An outline flowchart of electricity consumption prediction algorithm using the autoregressive integrated moving average method has been developed. The electricity consumption value predicted using the developed model is compared with the actual electricity consumption data. The adequacy of the developed models is validated by low absolute and relative errors between the actual and predicted data. An analysis of prediction error values has shown that the low prediction error in percentage terms is due to adequately developed mathematical models of electricity consumption parameters, due to which these can be applied to forecast the electricity consumption parameters at ferrous metallurgy enterprises.
A Study and Optimization of Nuclear Power Facility Control Systems with the Use of Simulation Models
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Zver′kov Vladimir P. , Kuzishchin Viktor F. ,   NRU MPEI, Sabanin Vladimir R. ,   NRU MPEI
Published: December 2021

Matters concerned with development of a fully variable nonlinear simulation model of a double-loop system for automatically controlling the steam pressure in the main steam header (MSH) of a VVER type reactor based NPP power unit’s secondary circuit are considered. A two-stage procedure for optimizing the control system dynamic tuning is described, which uses the linear system frequency analysis method at the first stage and a numerical simulation and optimization method at the second stage, which takes into account the nonlinearities of the control equipment and control object. An evolutionary algorithm of multiparametric optimization with respect to a complex optimality indicator than takes into account the specific requirements for the system is used. The system performance efficiency in a wide range of the power unit outputs has been studied.
Identification of Disturbances for a Room Temperature Conditions Model Using a Neural Network
Authors:   South Ural State University, Basalaev Aleksandr A.
Published: December 2021

The use of IoT devices for building heating systems opens the possibility of collecting a large amount of various data about room temperature conditions. At the level of individual rooms, there are factors that can have a significant effect on the temperature conditions, the measurement of which involves difficulties. As a consequence, the models of room temperature conditions are identified incorrectly. In view of this circumstance, the consideration of unknown disturbances becomes of issue. A method to identify the building room temperature conditions is proposed that allows unknown disturbing inputs in dynamic systems to be taken into account. The unknown disturbance action time is described using indicator functions. The indicator function time characteristics are identified using neural LSTM networks by solving the problem of performing binary classification of whether the measured data sample time tags belong to unknown disturbances. The sequence in which unknown disturbances are taken into account in the model is found by sorting the evaluated degree to which the time tags belong to the onset of a certain unknown disturbance that is obtained by solving the binary classification problem. The application of the proposed approach is illustrated on the temperature conditions identification problem using test data with two samples of unknown disturbances with random action degree and time. The study results demonstrate correctness of the proposed approach, the use of which makes it possible to more accurately identify the static and dynamic parameters of system models under the effect of unknown disturbances.
Determination of Marginal Power Flows Based on an Adaptive Gradual Load Increase Trajectory
Authors:   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Batseva Natalya L. , Sukhorukov Vasiliy A. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study is to develop a technique for searching an adaptive gradual load increase trajectory for power grids with a chain structure and to test this technique on the monitored 500 kV backbone grid sections. The technique for searching an adaptive gradual load increase trajectory was developed proceeding from the theoretical data about the chain structures of power grids and about the specific features of their operation modes. The voltage levels at the 500 kV backbone grid nodes and normalized phase angles across the ties included in the studied section and in the adjacent monitored sections are adopted as criteria for monitoring loss of small-signal aperiodic stability in the section under study. Special attention is paid to active power flows through the monitored adjacent sections with respect to the section under study. The proposed technique was tested on two monitored sections of the backbone 500 kV grid. The numerical analysis results have shown that under certain grid configuration and mode conditions, the marginal active power flow determined according to the proposed technique is either higher than the marginal active power flow determined using the mode change vector with the difference between the values from 54 MW to 319 MW, or lower than the marginal flow, with the difference between the values from 121 MW to 228 MW. It has been established that the difference between the values is caused by higher or lower loading of the monitored adjacent sections with respect to the section under study. Grid configuration and mode conditions has also been found in which the marginal active power flows determined according to the proposed technique and the mode change vector are almost identical with one another with the difference making about 15 MW. The subsequent algorithmic implementation of the procedure and development of the relevant software will make it possible to apply it to a larger number of monitored sections and to study various grid configuration and mode conditions for accumulating statistical data. If the software operation speed requirements in a close-to-real-time mode are satisfied, the software will be adapted to the Stability Margin Monitoring System software package. On the whole, the testing of the proposed technique for chain-shaped grids allowed us to conclude that the procedure can be used for searching an adaptive gradual loading trajectory and determining marginal active power flows in regard of small-signal aperiodic stability using the power system analysis model corresponding to the current grid configuration and mode conditions.
Thermal Characteristics of the Waste Tire Pyrolysis Process
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Popov Stanislav K. , Vaniushkin Vyacheslav D. ,   JSC «Energotsentr», Serilkov Ernest A. ,   NRU MPEI; Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications
Published: December 2021

A significant annual growth in the number of spent car tires creates a serious environmental problem and calls for the need to continue searching for efficient resource-saving methods of their recycling. There is a growing number of efforts aimed at studying waste tire thermochemical conversion processes, including their pyrolysis to obtain valuable products, including a solid fraction (coke residue), liquid hydrocarbon fraction (pyrolysis oil), and noncondensable gaseous fraction (pyrolysis gas). Commercial and pilot pyrolysis plants and reactors are reviewed. A rotating drum reactor, shaft and screw reactors are the most promising solutions for implementing a continuous process. The development of new resource-saving solutions for the pyrolysis of waste tire requires knowledge of the thermal characteristics of this process, including information on the material and heat flows in the pyrolysis reactor. The composition and thermal properties of waste tire, as well as specific outputs, composition and fuel properties of pyrolysis product material flows, including pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and coke residue, are presented. Information on the pyrolysis plant or reactor heat balance structure is either absent or incomplete. Based on the data available in the literature, the heat balance of a commercial pyrolysis plant equipped with screw reactors characterized by a specific thermal destruction heat of 0.640 MJ/(kg of tires) is drawn up and studied. The numerical analysis results correlate with the data published for the commercial-grade plant. Information on the pyrolysis chamber heat balance structure is correct enough for use in engineering practice. It has been found that the specific heat consumption for the pyrolysis process is 2.269 MJ/(kg of tires). This value can be used in numerically analyzing pyrolysis plants equipped with other designs of pyrolysis reactors.
Power Equipment Interaction with Network Devices Supporting Internet Application-level Protocols
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Borisov Ruslan K. , Zhulikov Sergey S. ,   NRU MPEI, Smirnov Maksim N. ,   NRU MPEI, Turchaninova Yuliya S. ,   NRU MPEI, Khrenov Sergey I. ,   NRU MPEI, Besedin Roman P. ,   PJSC IDGC of the North-West, Dubinin Aleksandr V. ,   PJSC IDGC of the North-West
Published: December 2021

The implementation of interaction between high-voltage power equipment with computer network devices in monitoring systems involves the use of proprietary Internet protocols that do not meet the criteria of free software and are not always compatible with the Internet protocols of personal computers. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use an intermediate link between the industrial and computer networks. This link is a network bridge built using the PPP protocol, which unites automatic devices equipped with UART interfaces with a computer network of the 802.11n (Wi-Fi) standard. The article presents several models for organizing bridges: a centralized network bridge on the side of a router and client computer, a distributed bridging system, and a dedicated bridge. Based on the accomplished analysis, it is recommended to use a centralized model for a network that has to comply with more stringent reliability requirements. If there is a need to have simultaneous access to several automation devices and high data exchange rates, a distributed model should be used. A dedicated bridge is used only in special cases, for example, when a high compactness is required in implementing a monitoring system.
Methods for Calculating Thermodynamic Potentials in Estimating the Oxide Layer Composition on Metal Surfaces
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Selivanov Elisey A. , Petrova Tamara I. ,   NRU MPEI
Published: December 2021

To select proper water chemistry at fossil and nuclear power plants, data on the composition of oxide film formed on the metal surface contacting with aqueous coolant are necessary. By using these data, the processes occurring on the metal surface can be estimated. Calculation of Pourbaix diagrams is one of the methods using which the processes that take place on metal surface depending on the redox potential and pH can be established. To calculate these diagrams, it is necessary to have a certain set of thermodynamic data based on which it is possible to estimate the possibility of various chemical reactions to occur in the “aqueous coolant – metal” system. However, not all thermodynamic data are available from the literature, especially at high parameters. The article discusses two new methods for calculating the thermodynamic potentials of metal oxides and hydroxides. The first one, called the relative deviation method, is used for carrying out calculations in the coolant temperature range 25–327°C, and the second method, called the relative variation method, is used for carrying out calculations in the coolant temperature range 327–827°C and can also be used for more exactly determining the data obtained using the first method. Both methods can be used for estimating the most probable region for forming protective oxide films on structural material surfaces contacting with aqueous coolant.
Flux Leakage Reduction in Linear Vernier Generators Using High-Temperature Superconducting Elements
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Drozdov Andrey A. , Kurbatov Pavel A. ,   NRU MPEI, Kurbatova Ekaterina P. ,   NRU MPEI
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of studies aimed at improving the power performance indicators of linear electric generators for wave power plants by reducing the flux leakages using high-temperature superconducting (HTS) inserts placed in between the teeth. The generator design involving application of the Vernier principle for magnetic flux modulation with a translator in the form of a hollow cylinder is considered. Generators of this type are used in float wave power plants driven directly by a reciprocating float, which transmits large forces at a low motion speed. The calculations were carried out using the HTS properties modeling procedure based on representing the currents induced in a superconductor in the form of magnetic moments of these currents, which made it possible to simplify the analysis of the electromagnetic field in the generator without significant additional errors. As a result, the characteristics of the electromagnetic force longitudinal components and phase winding flux linkages versus the translator displacement have been obtained. The use of HTS inserts and a distributed winding in the stator made it possible to reduce the electromagnetic leakage losses and increase the interaction force between the stator and translator. However, since the additional outlays for the cooling system and thermal insulation of the HTS elements are commensurable with the generator cost, the obtained results on improving the power performance parameters do not allow an unambiguous statement to be made about the effectiveness of the considered technical solutions.
A Model of Voltage Distribution and Change of Current in the Network Containing Unaccounted Electricity Consumption
Authors:   Polzunov Altai State Technical University, Kazymov Ivan M. , Kompaneets Boris S. ,   Polzunov Altai State Technical University
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study is control of commercial losses in electrical grids, especially in low voltage grids, which is one of the priority lines of activities conducted by electric network companies. The complexity of solving this problem is stemming from the difficulty of exactly locating the commercial loss occurrence place under the conditions of extensively branched low and medium voltage electrical networks. Various methods are currently used to determine the commercial loss occurrence places. However, no effective methods have been created for determining the fact and place of unaccounted electricity consumption in networks under the conditions of performing remote analysis of networks based on the data from modern electricity meters used in the automated fiscal electricity metering system. These difficulties can be overcome by developing a model of voltage distribution and change of current in distribution networks of the 0.4--35 kV nominal voltage levels. A model of voltage distribution and changes of current for a network containing unaccounted electricity consumption is proposed. The effectiveness of using the proposed model has been theoretically substantiated; its applicability limits are defined, and the accuracy of the obtained results is estimated. Graphical representation of the proposed model, which is one of the electrical network digital imaging forms, can be used to analyze electrical networks for revealing if there is unaccounted electricity consumption in them. By using the proposed model of voltage distribution and change of current in the network, it is possible to represent the electrical network as a set of electrical parameters to analyze electrical networks for the presence of commercial losses.
Use of a protective cover affects ground reaction force measurements obtained from dogs walking on a validated pressure-sensitive walkway
Authors: Kozlovich Thomas E. , Jones Stephen C. , Kieves Nina R.
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether use of a protective cover would affect temporospatial gait or ground reaction force (GRF) measurements obtained from dogs walking on a validated pressure-sensitive walkway (PSW).

ANIMALS

5 healthy dogs.

PROCEDURES

In a crossover study design, all dogs were walked across a calibrated PSW with and without a protective cover in place in random order. Temporospatial gait data and GRFs obtained with and without the cover in place were compared.

RESULTS

No significant differences were identified in temporospatial gait measurements obtained with versus without the cover in place. The bias was low for all variables, and the 95% limits of agreement included 0. In contrast, significant differences were found between measurements obtained with versus without the cover in place for most GRFs, with measurements obtained with the cover in place significantly lower than those obtained without a cover.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results suggested that for dogs walking over a PSW, GRFs, but not temporospatial gait variables, would be significantly lower if a protective cover was placed over the walkway, compared with values obtained without a cover in place.
Complications associated with total hip arthroplasty in four large nondomestic felids
Authors: Kane Lauren P. , Cook James L. , Archibald ; Kate E. , Suedmeyer W. Kirk , Langan Jennifer N. , Adkesson Michael J.
Published: December 2021

CASE DESCRIPTION

A 9-year-old 37-kg sexually intact male snow leopard (Panthera uncia) with no history of lameness but radiographic evidence of right femoral subluxation and flattening of both femoral heads, 2 juvenile (< 1 year old) 25-kg sexually intact male cheetahs (Acinoynx jubatus) with unilateral hind limb lameness resulting from trauma, and an 11-year-old 110-kg sexually intact female Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) with a 2-year history of left hip joint osteoarthritis were examined.

CLINICAL FINDINGS

No clinically relevant clinical findings other than hip joint problems were identified. All 4 felids underwent staged bilateral (snow leopard) or unilateral (cheetahs and tiger [Panthera tigris]) total hip arthroplasty (THA).

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME

In the snow leopard, both femoral THA components were found to be luxated 1 year after surgery. Treatment consisted of autogenous corticocancellous rib graft augmentation of the dorsal acetabular rims and synthetic suture capsulorrhaphies. The snow leopard lived for an additional 4 years with no additional THA-related complications. In the other 3 animals, catastrophic complications (luxation in the cheetahs and femoral fracture in the tiger) occurred shortly after THA. The THA implants were removed, and excision arthroplasty was performed. Long-term outcomes were good in all 3.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Findings underscore the challenges associated with THA in large nondomestic felids. Given the high risk for early catastrophic failure as a result of luxation or fracture, plans must be made and resources must be available in case revision surgery or implant removal with excision arthroplasty becomes necessary.
Коллизионные нормы, регулирующие имущественные отношения супругов в законодательстве иностранных государств
Authors: Лалетина А. С.
Published: December 2021

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Вопросы соотношения международного и европейского права
Authors: Селиверстов С. С.
Published: December 2021

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Кипрская проблема: тенденции к разрешению
Authors: Вахитов И. В.
Published: December 2021

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Мысли вслух о международном праве, и не только
Authors: Ильин Ю. Д.
Published: December 2021

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История и необходимость создания Международного уголовного суда
Authors: Балан О. И.
Published: December 2021

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Европейский Конкурс по правам человека им. Рене Кассена и вопросы защиты прав человека в России
Authors: Юрьев М. Е.
Published: December 2021

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Реабилитация адекватного и пропорционального применения силы
Authors: Малеев Ю. Н.
Published: December 2021

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О налогообложении в зоне действия договора о Шпицбергене
Authors: Орешенков А. М.
Published: December 2021

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Г.М. Вельяминов «Международное экономическое право и процесс. Академический курс»
Authors: Ковалев А. А.
Published: December 2021

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Features of the formation of the architectural and spatial environment of intergenerational centers
Authors: Matveieva M. , Kopeva A. , Maslovskaia O.
Published: December 2021

Необходимость создания межпоколенческих центров (МПЦ) обусловлена глобальными социокультурными изменениями общества, такими как возрастная сегрегация, культурный разрыв между поколениями и возрастная ценностная асимметрия. Изучаемая проблема является актуальной в связи с отсутствием научно проработанных концепций архитектурно-пространственной среды МПЦ в России. Цель данного исследования – выявление особенностей формирования архитектурно-пространственной среды МПЦ. Проведен анализ теоретических концепций и практического опыта проектирования МПЦ, на основе чего сформулированы принципы и приемы формирования архитектурно-пространственной среды МПЦ.
Technical solution for evaluation of contact stiffness and strength of the joint surfaces of injector
Authors: Koteneva N. , Borisova A. , Perfileva N.
Published: December 2021

От работоспособности форсунки зависит качество работы двигателя, его долговечность, соответствие экологическим нормам и требованиям, а от контактной прочности, жесткости и работоспособности ее сопрягаемых поверхностей (различных соединений, которые можно отнести к условно-неподвижным) – нормальная эксплуатация рассматриваемой конструкции в целом. На базе существующей технологии производства форсунок и с использованием физико-математической модели упругопластического контактирования, созданной авторами, предложено техническое решение для оценки контактной жесткости и прочности стыковых поверхностей форсунки для распыления топлива. Авторами установлено, что работа двигателя в целом зависит от характеристик контактирующих поверхностей форсунки, а именно параметров микрогеометрии шероховатого слоя, фактической площади соприкосновения, податливости, физико-механических свойств материалов контактной пары, условий нагружения. На основе проведенных авторами исследований и комплексного анализа при заданных геометрических размерах конструкции форсунки двигателя внутреннего сгорания и условий работы ДВС разработано техническое решение, позволяющее повысить контактную жесткость стыковых сопряжений форсунки для распыления топлива и равномерного его распределения в камере сгорания дизеля в 1,2–1,5 раза. Таким образом, предлагаемое авторами решение показало свою эффективность, и его можно рекомендовать для применения в ДВС, в том числе в судовых двигателях.
Estarão os Doentes com Fibrilhação Auricular Correctamente Anticoagulados? Um Retrato de um Hospital Português do Interior
Authors: C F Lima Joana , Aguiar João Pedro , Paixão-Ferreira Margarida , Calixto Rita , Cesário Vera , Alves da Costa Filipa , Vaz José
Published: December 2021

Introdução: Os anticoagulantes orais (ACOs) demonstraram reduzir o risco de acidente vascular cerebral isquémico em doentes com fibrilhação auricular (FA). Contudo, a proporção de doentes que não está anticoagulada e tem indicação para estar é ainda elevada. O nosso objectivo é avaliar a proporção de doentes com FA que estão sob anticoagulação e avaliar a qualidade da prescrição de ACOs.

Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional retrospectivo no Serviço de Medicina de um hospital do Alentejo (01-04/2019). Foram incluídos doentes com ≥18 anos, com história prévia de FA não-valvular e com CHA₂DS₂-VASc ≥ 2 (homens) ou ≥ 3 (mulheres). Extraiu-se o número de doentes que estava sob ACO e o número de doentes correctamente anticoagulado. Realizou-se análise estatística uni e bi-variada (IBM SPSS v.27.0).

Resultados: Foram incluídos 203 doentes: 51,7% (n = 105) eram mulheres e a idade média foi 80,2 ± 9,4 anos. Cerca de 40% (n = 82) dos doentes não estavam sob ACO. Cinquenta e sete porcento (n = 20) dos doentes que tinham história prévia de eventos cerebrovasculares não estavam sob ACOs. Um quarto da amostra (n = 31) estava incorrectamente anticoagulada. Os doentes sob ACOs tendiam a ser mais novos e estar medicados um maior número de fármacos (p = 0,001 e p = 0,027, respectivamente).

Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que uma elevada proporção de doentes elegíveis para ACOs não estava medicada. Dos doentes medicados, um quarto estava incorrectamente anticoagulado. De forma a melhorar o padrão de prescrição, poder-se-ia considerar a optimização da formação contínua aos profissionais de saúde e o desenvolvimento de novos indicadores relativos à performance do sistema de saúde.
The enzymatic method for the quantitative determination of benzalkonium chloride in the antiseptic solution “CUTASEPT® F”
Authors: Koval’ska Olena V. , Blazheyevskіy Mykola Ye.
Published: December 2021

Aim. To develop an alternative method for the quantitative determination of the benzalkonium chloride content as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in the disinfectant solution “CUTASEPT® F”.Materials and methods. The method is based on the ability of benzalkonium chloride to inhibit the enzymatic hydrolysis of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase. The reaction rate is assessed by the non-hydrolyzed acetylcholine residue, which is determined by the amount of peracetic acid produced during the interaction with the excess of the hydrogen peroxide solution. The indicator reaction is the interaction of p-phenetidine with peracetic acid that leads to the formation of 4,4’-azoxyphenetole with λmax = 358 nm (log10 ε = 4.2).Results and discussion. As a result of the research conducted the linear dependence of the degree of inhibition of the enzymatic hydrolysis of acetylcholine (U, %) on the concentration of benzalkonium chloride was determined in the concentration range of (0.5 – 7.0) × 10–6 mol L-1 with the correlation coefficient of 0.999. The limit of quantitation was 1.9 × 10–6 mol L-1.Conclusions. As a result of the research conducted the kinetic enzymatic method for the quantitative determination of benzalkonium chloride has been developed by its inhibitory effect in the biochemical reaction of acetylcholine hydrolysis. This method is fast, cheap and easy to perform, does not require expensive equipment, and available for use in the field.
Classifications of Iris L. genus at the biological and molecular levels as a basis for modern phylogenetic studies
Authors: Troitskyi Mykhailo O. , Troitska Taisiya B. , Buydin Yurii V. , Miroshnichenko Nikita O. , Mykhailenko Olha O.
Published: December 2021

Aim. To analyze and summarize literature data on the state of classification and taxonomy of Iris genus plants of Iridaceae family.Results and discussion. The genus Iris L. is one of the largest species of Iridaceae Juss family, which includes 1,800 species of 80 genera. Despite the fact that plants are very common as ornamental plants, there is currently no single classification for both horticultural and wild species of Iris genus. Various classifications and systems of irises have been proposed, the main difference between them is related to the understanding of the genus scope. The taxonomy of Iris genus underwent dramatic changes in the last century, especially in recent decades after the introduction of molecular methods. This paper deals with the analysis of current literature data on the existing classifications of Iris genus plants, the correspondence between taxonomic studies and the results of recent molecular studies. The data presented summarize the traditional classifications according to Rodionenko and Matthew, and also describe modern achievements in phylogenetic studies of this genus using functional genomic studies, involving molecular markers in irises. Conclusions. The data analyzed and summarized in the article can be useful for solving issues of taxonomy, phylogeny, genetics and practical problems of selection of plants of Iris genus; in addition, they will contribute to a more appropriate use of the Iris raw material in practical pharmacy.
Pemanfaatan daun jati (Tectona grandis) sebagai pakan ternak: Review
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Jember, Fitriyah Ana , Aglistinova Chrisdina ,   Politeknik Negeri Jember, Rera Nadya Arsa Difa ,   Politeknik Negeri Jember, Pangestu Feby Agung ,   Politeknik Negeri Jember, Habibilah  ,   Politeknik Negeri Jember, Nurfitriani Rizki Amalia ,   Politeknik Negeri Jember, Sadarman  ,   UIN  Sultan  Syarif Kasim Riau
Published: December 2021

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan daun jati (Tectona grandis) sebagai pakan ternak. Pakan memiliki peranan penting bagi ternak yakni untuk pertumbuhan dan produksi ternak. Indonesia memiliki banyak potensi alam yang dapat dijadikan sebagai pakan. Daun jati merupakan bagian dari pohon jati yang memiliki kandungan nutrient cukup baik dan berpotensi sebagai pakan ternak. Daun jati dapat mengantikan limbah pertanian dan hijauan terutama saat musim kemarau serta sebagai feed additive. Akan tetapi, pemberian daun jati tidak bisa diberikan secara langsung karena memiliki zat anti nutrisi tanin, tidak semua ternak dapat tahan terhadap zat anti nutrisi sehingga pemberian daun jati perlu pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Pengolahan daun jati selama ini dapat dilakukan melalui tiga acara yaitu dengan metode ekstraksi, penepungan, dan fermentasi. Hasil dari ketiga metode tersebut berbeda-beda sesuai tujuan pengolahannya. Penggunaan daun jati baik difermentasi, dimanfaatkan sebagai ekstrak dan tepung berpengaruh nyata terhadap produktivitas tenak. Hasil yang diperoleh yakni tepung daun jati pada level 1,2% efektif untuk menggantikan antibiotik sintetis. Fermentasi daun jati dengan dosis 10% efisien mengunakan bakteri Actinobacillus sp. dapat menurunkan kandungan serat kasar dan meningkatkan kandungan protein kasar. Suplementasi fitobiotik ekstrak daun jati dengan pemberian 1,6% mampu meningkatkan profil darah, khususnya trombosit, ayam petelur. Saran yang dapat diberikan untuk keberlanjutan pemanfaatan daun jati yaitu perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk pemanfaatan daun jati pada ternak ruminansia.
Flows of protest control in São Paulo (2013-2014)
Authors: Alves Maciel Débora , Rodriguez de Assis Machado Marta
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the dynamics of protest control in São Paulo, from June 2013 to June 2014, focusing on coalitions between actors, arenas and institutional repertoires. We argue that the police crackdown on June 13 in São Paulo encouraged ordinary citizens to join the demonstrations, as well as spurred changes in local and federal government responses to protests and in repressive repertoires of social control.
Financiamento da saúde e despesas municipais com receitas próprias: fazendo a diferença?
Authors: Angelo Machado José , Quaresma Gonçalves Guilherme , Lúcio Jeronymo Mauro , Emmanuely Leitão Araújo Carmem
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho analisa a evolução das despesas em saúde realizadas com receitas próprias pelos municípios brasileiros após a vigência da Emenda Constitucional 29/2000, com o intuito de verificar se cresceram de forma homogênea nas diferentes regiões do país e se eventuais desigualdades regionais diminuíram, se mantiveram ou aumentaram com o tempo. Utiliza o Índice Global e Local de Moran, buscando padrões de correlação espacial e formação de clusters.
Lendo “O pai da menina morta” durante a quarentena
Authors: Pacheco Ana Paula
Published: December 2021

O ensaio busca analisar o romance O pai da menina morta (2018), de Tiago Ferro, considerando o modo como a pandemia de Covid‑19 modificou o livro, trazendo à tona as relações entre natureza, tragédia e capitalismo. Igualmente, busca repensar os nexos entre vida, ficção e processo social presentes nesse romance.
“A minha geração perdeu”: depoimento inédito de José Arthur Giannotti
Authors: Lima Cecilio Ana , Moura Flávio
Published: December 2021

Em meados de 2017, fomos até a casa de José Arthur Giannotti, no bairro do Morumbi, em São Paulo, para entrevistá-lo. A ideia era fazer um livro autobiográfico a partir de uma série de conversas. Mas Giannotti desistiu do projeto logo depois do segundo encontro. Não gostava do tom coloquial da entrevista e não tinha paciência para escrever sobre si mesmo. Preferia terminar o livro que estava escrevendo (Heidegger/Wittgenstein: confrontos, publicado em 2020 pela Companhia das Letras). […] Ainda assim o breve depoimento abaixo tem valor inestimável. Não apenas pelo ineditismo e pelo impacto de sua morte recente — sentida por gerações e gerações de alunos e colegas que se formaram com ele.
A teoria política da laicidade no Brasil, uma proposta de unificação
Authors: Rudas Sebastián
Published: December 2021

O artigo identifica duas abordagens usuais na análise da laicidade no Brasil. Uma é inclusiva e diz respeito às religiões públicas, enquanto a outra é exclusiva e diz respeito à justificação pública do uso do poder do Estado. Argumenta-se que estas são duas dimensões da laicidade que constituem, de forma coerente, um conceito unificado do significado normativo do Estado laico.
Effect of BMI on Postoperative Outcome, after Off-Pump CABG, A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Khan Musfeq-Us-Saleheen , Gupta Saikat Das , Afza Ambia , Basak Bappy , Hasan MD Kamrul , Talukder MD Quamrul Islam
Published: December 2021

Background: Obesity and its complications are global health concerns with rising interests, and in Bangladesh, the scenario is not different. This study was designed to analyze the effect of BMI on postoperative outcomes in patients who underwent Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass (OPCAB)graft surgery. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from September 2017 to August 2018 in the department of cardiac surgery, NICVD & 90 patients were divided into two groups. 43 patients in group A, with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and 47 patients in group B, with BMI<25 kg/m2. Results: In between groups, homogenous distribution was noted in terms of age and sex. Pre-operative risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and sternal wound infection, harvest site infection along with post-operative AF, were significantly higher in group A in comparison to group B. Conclusion: Obese patients undergoing OPCAB surgery should undergo maximum care. Meticulous tissue handling during OPCAB surgery in obese patients is needed to avoid or minimize sternal, and harvest site wound infection.
Símbolos de masculinidad(es). Investigación para la creación de una propuesta
Authors:   Universidad Complutense de Madrid (España), Laurent Charpentier Claudio Petit
Published: December 2021

"The present text emerges as a process of artistic research that aims to elaborate a visual proposal about the problematic of masculine identity in the current social and cultural context. For this, it is necessary to generate a theoretical framework on the subject of gender, starting with the feminist theories and the studies of masculinity, which will allow to establish the categories of analysis from which the imaginary will arise for the elaboration of the visual proposal. It starts from the notions of the gender understood as social construction, and therefore establishes a visual reference link with the city as a material manifestation of the structures of meaning that delimit the processes of elaboration of identity of the individuals. Finally, on the basis of a semiotic analysis methodology regarding the set of signs and symbols that make up the imaginary built from the categories proposed by the theoretical framework, a visual proposal will be articulated through pictorial language that poses a questioning the rigidity of these structures, alluding to the diversity of masculinities that are experienced today."
Una escultura inédita de san Roque del Círculo de Balduque, recuperada en Tenerife
Authors:   Consejería de Educación y Universidades. Gobierno de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, López Plasencia José Cesáreo
Published: December 2021

"In this paper we study a wood sculpture representing Saint Roch of Montpellier that belongs to the parish church of The Immaculate Conception, in Realejo Bajo, Los Realejos (Tenerife). The religious effigy, which was venerated in the extinct Franciscan Convent of Saint Lucy, in the same town, has recently been restored. Its art features allow us to relate this simulacrum to the art of the well-known Flemish sculptor and woodcarver Roque de Balduque, who worked in Seville from 1534 to 1561 and is one of the most prominent figures in 16th-century Spanish sculpture."
An attempt at a holistic definition of the concept of «environment» in the context of Karl Marx's philosophical anthropology
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy and Law, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Kondrashov P. N.
Published: December 2021

The article attempts a broad (philosophical) definition of the concept of «environment». The relevance of this attempt is due to the fact that in the modern ecological discourse there is a narrow understanding of the environment, which is mainly reduced to the concept of nature. This one-dimensionality leads to the fact that the analysis of environmental problems does not take into account the multilateral dialectical interrelationships between a person and the whole environment in which he exists. Based on the philosophical and anthropological ideas of Karl Marx, the author shows that in the process of carrying out his activity (praxis), a person, entering into metabolic relations with nature (which acts as the «inorganic human body», his life means and an irreparable condition for his existence), transforms this nature (natürliche Welt) and thereby creates its «second nature» — the surrounding cultural environment (Umwelt). But since praxis is always carried out together with Others, relations with them form the world of people — the social environment (Mitwelt), which, being internalized in the psyche of the individual, forms his own world — the existential environment (Eigenwelt). Thus, the environment, understood in such a broad sense, is an integral, internally interconnected system of three worlds: animate and inanimate nature (natürliche Welt), material and spiritual culture (Umwelt) and human society (Mitwelt), through relations with which and there is a man and his own inner existential world (I, Eigenwelt). As a result, the author concludes that for a full-fledged and harmonious existence of a person himself, it is necessary, within the framework of a philosophical and ecological worldview and lifestyle, to treat with thrifty care not only the natural environment, but also human society and human culture, thanks to which a person exists as a person, for all these worlds — nature, society and culture — constitute the home (οἶκος) in which man lives.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE EXPORT POTENTIAL OF GRAIN PRODUCTION IN THE ORENBURG REGIONS
Authors:   Orenburg State Agrarian University, Orenburg, Russia, Larina T. N. , Dobrodomova L. A. ,   Orenburg State Agrarian University, Orenburg, Russia, Tutaeva L. A. ,   Orenburg State Agrarian University, Orenburg, Russia
Published: December 2021

One of the results of the implementation of the «Export of agricultural products» («Eksport produkcii APK») Federal Project was an increase in the supply of domestic products on the world market. During the years 2015–2020 on average, the export of Russian agricultural products was increasing 16% per year. Conditions such as the strengthening of Russia’s position in the global agri-food market, the need to ensure the achievement of the target indicators of the Federal project, impose high requirements on management information for the agro-industrial complex. The article focuses on examining the export potential of grain since it is a key product in the structure of Russian agricultural exports. The goal of the study is to quantify the export potential of grain production. The study was carried out on the materials from the Orenburg region of the years 2015–2019. The authors defined the export potential of grain production as a part of the gross grain harvest intended for export, not exceeding the value of domestic consumption. A change in such a metric should not pose a threat to the food security of the region for each particular type of agricultural product. To characterize the export potential of the industry, calculations were made based on the balance of resources and the use of grain, with the indicator of self-sufficiency in grain and other relative indicators being calculated. Research methods which were used: comparison, balance method, method of relative values, statistical methods of analysis of dynamics and structure, etc. The information which was used as a base of the study comes from the official data of Rosstat and its territorial body in the Orenburg region, as well as from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. The study concluded that the basis for strengthening and increasing the export potential of grain production with stable values of domestic consumption is to increase production by improving agricultural technologies and state policy for the development of agriculture and rural areas. The state should exercise control over the enhancement of export potential. Otherwise, there may be a threat to the food security of the region, as well as of the country as a whole. Scientific novelty of the research: the authors formulated the definition of the concept of «export potential of grain production», the authors also substantiated the system of indicators and performed a comprehensive measurement of the export potential of grain production in the Orenburg region. The significance of the research results for practice is to improve information and analytical support for the management of production and export of agricultural products.