bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surmonter les paradoxes de l’innovation collective
Authors: Blandin Christelle , Deroo Marie-Noëlle , Frugier Dominique , Gaujard Chrystelle , Gisselbrecht Alain , Michel Dominique-Anne , Poste Stéphanie
Published: March 2017

Dans quelles conditions et dans quel cadre peut-on enclencher une dynamique d’innovation collective ? Rien de tel qu’une expérimentation in vivo , à petite échelle, pour éclairer concrètement la question et en tirer des leçons recyclables dans l’action. Cet article est la mise en commun et en récit de deux exercices successifs de créativité et de co-production intellectuelle, réalisés à un an d’intervalle. Une première séquence d’expérimentation ludique a permis de faire émerger les principales interrogations autour du sujet, à partir d’un vécu commun. Avec un an de recul, ces questionnements ont été explorés et approfondis par certains des participants au cours d’un exercice de co-conception qui a permis de bâtir la structure du présent article.
Il n’est jamais trop tard pour devenir employeur
Authors: Meuret-Campfort Eve
Published: March 2017

Être à la fois dépendant et employeur paraît a priori difficile. Pourtant, de nombreuses personnes âgées emploient directement l’assistante de vie qui intervient à leur domicile. L’enquête auprès de cette population montre la diversité des configurations possibles selon la modalité d’emploi adoptée (emploi direct ou mandataire), les ressources individuelles que les personnes âgées peuvent reconvertir dans cette fonction et le degré d’isolement dans lequel ils et elles se trouvent. Le rapport de ces particuliers employeurs âgés à leur rôle d’employeur révèle en creux leur expérience de l’entrée en dépendance ; se dessinent alors des stratégies variables visant toutes à « garder la face » vis-à-vis d’une situation déstabilisante.
Un crime de grand chemin et la maréchaussée du Lyonnais au début du XVIII e siècle
Authors: Bernard Pauline
Published: March 2017

À la suite du renouvellement des études sur la justice d’Ancien Régime, l’article propose une analyse en détail d’un crime de grand chemin et de son traitement par la maréchaussée, la principale force de police de la monarchie dans le Lyonnais des années 1720. Il se propose, à travers un cas d’étude, d’illustrer un aspect particulier de la justice d’Ancien Régime : la fragmentation des juridictions, l’instabilité de leurs hiérarchies et de leurs concurrences, ainsi que l’éventail des possibles que cela ouvre pour les acteurs. Il souligne l’importance de prendre en compte dans l’analyse l’environnement institutionnel, le territoire et les justiciables, dans une démarche attentive à ne réifier ni les juridictions ni les agents de ces justices.
Le pourboire et la classe
Authors: Beaumont Amélie
Published: March 2017

L’article prend pour point d’entrée l’argent des pourboires obtenus par les employés de l’hôtellerie de luxe afin de situer ce groupe professionnel dans l’espace social. A partir d’une enquête ethnographique de la loge d’un palace parisien, les pourboires sont étudiés à la fois au travail, par le biais des tactiques d’obtention dont ils font l’objet, et hors travail, en analysant les manières dont ils sont dépensés. Ces deux aspects pris conjointement permettent de montrer les conditions de possibilité d’une ascension sociale par l’argent favorisée par le contexte de travail.
L’exploration coloniale en ses langues
Authors: Van den Avenne Cécile
Published: March 2017

L’article propose une analyse des carnets de routes du capitaine Louis-Gustave Binger, rédigés entre 1887 et 1889, lors d’une expédition d’exploration, entre Bamako au Soudan (actuel Mali) et Grand Bassam, sur la côte de l’actuelle Côte-d’Ivoire. La grande particularité de ces carnets est leur multilinguisme. Ils nous permettent d’appréhender le contact culturel que suppose la rencontre coloniale, à travers le médium premier de ce contact, à savoir les langues en jeu et leurs usages dans des interactions.
Droit, confession et sociétés villageoises au XVIII e siècle
Authors: Demont Vincent
Published: March 2017

(À propos de : La frontière au village. Une identité catholique allemande au temps des Lumières , Christophe Duhamelle, Éd. de l’EHESS, 2010)
La gauche et la diversité : une occasion manquée, de nouveau
Authors: Tiberj Vincent
Published: March 2017

La gauche continue de voir la diversité avec des œillères qui l’empêche de répondre aux enjeux d’une société française multiculturelle. L’intégration, au sens classique du terme, est faite. L’opinion, si souvent invoquée, plus ouverte que les politiques, en a pris acte. Les récents attentats terroristes n’ont pas inversé la tendance. Vincent Tiberj explique que ce sont nos politiques publiques qu’il faut changer, en sortant enfin d’un modèle républicain daté et inégalitaire.
Paysage féministe après la bataille
Authors: Achin Catherine , Albenga Viviane , Andro Armelle , Jami Irène , Ouardi Samira , Rennes Juliette , Zappi Sylvia
Published: March 2017

Cet article collectif revient sur le bilan du quinquennat Hollande en matière d’égalité des sexes et des sexualités. Il s’applique à rappeler, certes, les débuts ambitieux et des avancées législatives incontestables, mais pointe aussi les renoncements et les contournements. La prise en charge de questions soi-disant « culturelles » ne saurait compenser les choix de politique économique et sécuritaire. Le raidissement du gouvernement socialiste sur l’égalité « républicaine » masque l’emprise du sexisme et du racisme sur les champs politique et médiatique et nie la pluralité des mouvements féministes contemporains.
Prácticas de mejora continua, con enfoque Kaizen, en empresas del distrito metropolitano de Quito: Un estudio exploratorio
Authors: Alvarado Ramírez Karla , Pumisacho Álvaro Víctor
Published: March 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the practice of continuous improvement in medium and large manufacturing companies and services of the Metropolitan District of Quito (DMQ); examine the benefits and difficulties in sustaining continuous improvement; and, to study the participation of the different hierarchical organizational levels in the practice of continuous improvement.Design/methodology/approach: An exploratory study was conducted. They were selected, medium and large companies, both manufacturing and services of the DMQ. Qualitative methods used to obtain the data were: direct observation, document analysis and interviews with semi-structured depth.Findings: The results show a preference for the use of simpler techniques to identify and solve problems such as the seven basic quality tools. Within this article describes in detail the enhancers and barriers that are presented in the maintenance of continuous improvement.Research limitations/implications: This article uses a qualitative methodology, so their results cannot be generalized, can only be referenced using the specific context of the companies studied.Practical implications: The study aims to have an analytical contribution. The results show economic benefits and for the human resource, considering mainly the minimization of unnecessary processes and the opportunity of professional development that is offered to the personnel, important data for those people involved in projects of continuous improvement in DMQ companies.Social implications: The conclusions have important implications for research. Continuous improvement should take into account not only economic benefits but also human factors, same that can influence the quality of life of workers.Originality/value: The paper presents empirical contributions for the literature by exposing of the implementation of the Kaizen concept in the Latin American context, Quito - Ecuador.
Los listados de ciudades globales. Desde la práctica investigadora a su utilización como argumento en la planificación urbana neoliberal
Authors: Gago García Cándida , Córdoba Ordóñez Juan , Díez Pisonero Roberto
Published: March 2017

El trabajo constituye una reflexión teórica sobre la metodología empleada y el significado otorgado a los listados o clasificaciones de ciudades mundiales. Existe una dilatada literatura académica, ligada al papel que tienen algunas ciudades en procesos territoriales globales, ligada al concepto de ciudad mundial. A esta producción se añaden contribuciones del mundo de la publicidad, la consultoría y los medios de comunicación. Recientemente se han incluido en todos ellos indicadores que reflejan el importante papel económico que adquieren los servicios culturales. Sin embargo, en un contexto de implantación de políticas neoliberales, los ránquines están siendo utilizados, con una narrativa que enfatiza el puesto que ocupa la ciudad, como forma de promoción urbana; al tiempo que la búsqueda y adquisición de un determinado puesto o rango favorece tales prácticas. Este hecho, que consideramos una utilización ideológica de los ránquines, justifica una necesaria reflexión que ahonde en su significado.
Dependence of Tensile Bending Strength of Rammed Earth on Used Clay Composition and Amount of Mixture Water
Authors: Otcovská Tereza , Padevět Pavel
Published: March 2017

Clay is a traditional construction material which has got to background with introduction of modern materials to building practice. There is not proper material available for clay constructions design due to a lack of proper examination of its mechanical properties. This article focuses on tensile bending strength of rammed earth. The mechanical properties depend on the amount of mixture water and on the amount and type of clay minerals. The clay minerals play role of the binder similarly like a cement in concrete. This paper is focused on the tensile bending strength and its dependence on the composition and quantity of clay mineral and its dependence on the amount of mixture water. Five earth mixtures were tested. Mechanical properties were examined on small test bodies made of these mixtures. The mechanical properties of the five mixtures are compared at the end of the paper.
Cutting Edge: Fetal/Placental Type I IFN Can Affect Maternal Survival and Fetal Viral Load during Viral Infection
Authors: Racicot Karen , Aldo Paulomi , El-Guindy Ayman , Kwon Ja-Young , Romero Roberto , Mor Gil
Published: March 2017

Pregnant women have greater mortality and complications associated with viral infections compared with the general population, but the reason for the increased susceptibility is not well defined. Placenta type I IFN is an important immune modulator and protects the pregnancy. We hypothesized that loss of placental IFN affects the regulation of the maternal immune system, resulting in the differential response to infections observed in pregnancy. Pregnant mice lacking the IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR) became viremic and had higher mortality compared with nonpregnant animals. Notably, an embryo with functional IFN signaling alone was sufficient to rescue the pregnant IFNAR−/− dam from virus-associated demise. Placental IFN was also an important regulator of viral replication in placental tissue and significantly affected viral transmission to the fetus. These findings highlight the role of fetal/placental IFN in the modulation of viral infection in the mother and fetus.
RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR BAR-CODED VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER LABEL
Authors:   VIN - WMI Technical Committee
Published: March 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice describes the basic content requirements, bar code specifications, and functional test specifications of the vehicle identification number (VIN) label. On the vehicle, the VIN label is to be mounted in a readily accessible location for use of a bar-code scanning device.
A Legacy of Peaceful Coexistence: Historico-Political and Economic Perspectives of Nigeria-Benin Relations
Authors: Isyaku Shuaibu Shittu
Published: March 2017

Long before colonization of Africa, there were extensive contacts and mutual interactions between various African peoples and societies. Colonialism and colonial domination in such societies affected their interactions due to the creation of international borders and boundaries by colonial powers. Thus, heterogeneous and homogenous societies and communities were forcibly divided into various European countries’ spheres of influence. The people at this period had many things in common and were linked together by internal trade route, geographical influence and thus simply lived in peace with one another. This paper examined the relations between Nigeria and Benin Republic in various aspects of life before and after colonialism. The paper discovered that historical, cultural and economic relations between the two countries predate colonialism and this is due to the belief by the people that they are one and belong to same ancestor. The paper put forward some recommendations as a means of enhancing the age long relationship between the two countries, which include establishment of joint institutions in the area of education, health, economic and culture to sustain not only the relationship but also to preserve the rich culture of the people.
Theories of Smallholder Agribusiness Entrepreneurship in the African Context: A Critical Review
Authors: Mudiwa Benjamin
Published: March 2017

There have been changes in the political systems of several African countries which were under colonial rule. Consequently, more than 32 African countries launched “land to the tiller” reforms between 1990s and 2000s alone. Land reform programs gave rise to the new breed of farmers, the smallholder farmers. This new breed of farmers is faced with market challenges yet they are key to Africa’s development. This desk study reviews theories of entrepreneurship that could explain how smallholder farmers in Africa engage in markets. Classical theories, neoclassical theories, and neo Austrian theories, and the Schumpeterian approach to entrepreneurship are reviewed. The paper revealed the weaknesses of these theories and concluded that they do not sufficiently explain how smallholder farmers in Africa engage in markets. The theories’ limited insight to the African context gave rise to the concept of collective entrepreneurship which is centered on entrepreneurial behavior and skills of farmer organizations or farmer groups. The review has also found out that although collective entrepreneurship is considered as an appropriate tool for rural development, there are potential problems which can undermine its effectiveness. The paper recommended the concept of collective entrepreneurship to be developed into a theory using evidence from Africa.Key words: Collective Entrepreneurship, Smallholder farmers, Theories of Entrepreneurship
The Prevalence of HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Anambra State, Nigeria: Exploring Gender, Cultural and Socio-Religious Perspectives
Authors: Anwuluorah Ogugua Patricia
Published: March 2017

The study examined gender, culture and socio-religious issues with regard to HIV/AID prevalence in Anambra State, Nigeria. Since the discovery of Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) over three decades ago, it has plundered the global populations with impunity, resulting in the death of millions of people. The sub-Saharan Africa seems to be the centre of the epidemic, as it records the highest prevalence rates in the world with roughly 25 million people living with HIV in 2012. It also accounted for an estimated 70% of all the people living with HIV and 70% of AIDS deaths in 2011. As a result, the epidemic has had widespread social and economic consequences, not only in the health sector but also in education industry and the wider economy. In 2012 AVERT’S HIV/AIDS statistics records Nigeria as the second largest number of people living with HIV/AID (PLWHA) in Africa. Furthermore, the disease seems to be rearing its ugly head in Anambra state, Nigeria with 8.7% above the national prevalence average rate of 4.5 per cent. Both face to face oral and telephone interviews were employed in collecting the primary data from randomly sampled 14 respondents. A total of 15 itemed questions were administered on 30 Doctors and 230 Nurses making up 260 respondents. Reliability coefficient using Cronbach Alpha is 0.843 which shows that the instrument is internally consistent. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and t-tests. Results revealed among others that: biological issues, poverty, female sexual passivity, domestic violence etc. are gender related factors that exacerbate prevalence of HIV. Findings also show that concubinage or extra marital relations, harmful widowhood practices, patriarchal cultural system, stigma and discrimination are some of the culture induced factors. Furthermore, inadequate information/education about HIV/AIDS, HIV/AIDS denial based on religious beliefs, false claim about cure of HIV/AIDS, false religious assurances against HIV/AIDS, and traditional birth practices are the socio-religious related factors. The work impacts on the urgency for radical advocacy about human dignity, rights and responsibility of all stakeholders in eradicating HIV/AIDS prevalence in the state and wider society.Key Words: Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV), Gender, Culture, Religion, human Dignity
Evaluation of essential oils from Boswellia sacra and Teucrium mascatense against acetyl cholinesterase enzyme and urease enzyme
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Albroumi Muhammad Abdullah , Rehman Najeeb Ur , Hussain Hidayat , Al-Harrasi Ahmed Sulaiman
Published: March 2017

Enzyme inhibition is one of the most important areas of pharmaceutical research which resulted in the discoveries of several useful drugs. The prime aim of this study is to identify effective natural inhibitors against pharmacologically important enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase enzyme and urease enzyme. In present study, we evaluated the essential oils extracted from medicinally important plants including Boswellia sacra Flückiger (frankincense) and Teucrium mascatense Boiss. Two major constituents of frankincense essential oil including (+)-α-pinene and (R)-+-limonene were also investigated against these enzymes. The essential oils were extracted from Boswellia sacra and Teucrium mascatense which are native plants to the southern and northern areas of Oman, respectively. In this study, the essential oil of frankincense exhibited significant inhibition with IC50 value of 0.043±0.02 mg/mL, against acetylcholinesterase enzyme while against urease enzyme it has shown good inhibition with IC50 value of 0.17 ± 0.05 mg/mL. The essential oil obtained from the Teucrium mascatense was found to be in active against both the enzymes. On acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition assay, the (+)-α- pinene exhibited significant inhibition (IC50 = 0.094±0.01 mg/mL) while (R)-+- limonene was found to be inactive on this assay. Against urease enzyme (+)-α- pinene and (R)-+- limonene showed moderate activity 40.06±1.03 % and 19.5±1.00 %, respectively. Interestingly, the mixture of equal concentration of (+)-α- pinene and (R)-+- limonene exhibited 70% inhibition with IC50 value of (0.195 ± 0.10 mg/mL) which shows the synergistic relationship between them. Promising inhibitory potential of frankincense essential oil and (+)-α-pinene, against acetylcholinesterase enzyme and urease enzyme indicated their potential therapeutic role to manage Alzheimer’s disease and stomach ulcers, respectively.
Ameliorative Effect of Chlorophyllin on Oxidative Stress in Experimental Model of Diabetes
Authors: Patar Abani K , Bhan Surya , Syiem Donkupar , Sharma Anupama
Published: March 2017

The aim of this present study was to investigate the effect of chlorophyllin (CHL) on oxidative stress in Streptozotocine (STZ) induced diabetic mice. For the study, mice were divided into Group A: normal control, Group B: diabetic control, Group C: diabetic mice treated with the ascorbic acid, and Group D: diabetic mice treated with CHL. Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl, superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD &Mn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were examined in kidney and heart tissues of different experimental groups. Histological and ultrastructuralstudies were also carried out to evaluate any changes in tissues as well as sub-cellular organelles. ROS, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl levels have been significantly decreased with concomitant increased of CuZn SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR activity in CHLtreated diabetic mice. The histological and ultrastructural studies showed that CHL attenuates the detrimental effect of oxidative stress and alleviated tissue injuries in STZ induced diabetic mice. These results suggested that CHL possesses antioxidative activity and has the potential to amelioratediabetes-associated oxidative stress in mice.
Causes of interannual variability over the southern hemispheric tropospheric ozone maximum
Authors: Liu Junhua , Rodriguez Jose M. , Steenrod Stephen D. , Douglass Anne R. , Logan Jennifer A. , Olsen Mark A. , Wargan Krzysztof , Ziemke Jerald R.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. We examine the relative contribution of processes controlling the interannual variability (IAV) of tropospheric ozone over four sub-regions of the southern hemispheric tropospheric ozone maximum (SHTOM) over a 20-year period. Our study is based on hindcast simulations from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Global Modeling Initiative chemistry transport model (NASA GMI-CTM) of tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry, driven by assimilated Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) meteorological fields. Our analysis shows that over SHTOM region, the IAV of the stratospheric contribution is the most important factor driving the IAV of upper tropospheric ozone (270 hPa), where ozone has a strong radiative effect. Over the South Atlantic region, the contribution from surface emissions to the IAV of ozone exceeds that from stratospheric input at and below 430 hPa. Over the South Indian Ocean, the IAV of stratospheric ozone makes the largest contribution to the IAV of ozone with little or no influence from surface emissions at 270 and 430 hPa in austral winter. Over the tropical South Atlantic region, the contribution from IAV of stratospheric input dominates in austral winter at 270 hPa and drops to less than half but is still significant at 430 hPa. Emission contributions are not significant at these two levels. The IAV of lightning over this region also contributes to the IAV of ozone in September and December. Over the tropical southeastern Pacific, the contribution of the IAV of stratospheric input is significant at 270 and 430 hPa in austral winter, and emissions have little influence.
Joint retrieval of surface reflectance and aerosol properties with continuous variations of the state variables in the solution space: Part 1: theoretical concept
Authors: Govaerts Yves , Luffarelli Marta
Published: March 2017

Abstract. This paper presents a new algorithm for the joint retrieval of surface reflectance and aerosol properties with continuous variations of the state variables in the solution space. This algorithm, named CISAR (Combined Inversion of Surface and AeRosol), relies on a simple atmospheric vertical structure composed of two layers and an underlying surface. Surface anisotropic reflectance effects are taken into account and radiatively coupled with atmospheric scattering. For this purpose, a fast radiative transfer model has been explicitly developed, which includes acceleration techniques to solve the radiative transfer equation and to calculate the Jacobians. The inversion is performed within an optimal estimation framework including prior information on the state variable magnitude and regularization constraints on their spectral and temporal variability. In each processed wavelength, the algorithm retrieves the parameters of the surface reflectance model, the aerosol total column optical thickness and single scattering properties. The CISAR algorithm functioning is illustrated with a series of simple experiments.
A comparison of ground-based hydroxyl airglow temperatures with SABER/TIMED measurements over 23° N, India
Authors: Parihar Navin , Singh Dupinder , Gurubaran Subramanian
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Ground-based observations of OH (6, 2) Meinel band nightglow were carried out at Ranchi (23.3° N, 85.3° E), India, during January–March 2011, December 2011–May 2012 and December 2012–March 2013 using an all-sky imaging system. Near the mesopause, OH temperatures were derived from the OH (6, 2) Meinel band intensity information. A limited comparison of OH temperatures (TOH) with SABER/TIMED measurements in 30 cases was performed by defining almost coincident criterion of ±1.5° latitude–longitude and ±3 min of the ground-based observations. Using SABER OH 1.6 and 2.0 µm volume emission rate profiles as the weighing function, two sets of OH-equivalent temperature (T1. 6 and T2. 0 respectively) were estimated from its kinetic temperature profile for comparison with OH nightglow measurements. Overall, fair agreement existed between ground-based and SABER measurements in the majority of events within the limits of experimental errors. Overall, the mean value of OH-derived temperatures and SABER OH-equivalent temperatures were 197.3 ± 4.6, 192.0 ± 10.8 and 192.7 ± 10.3 K, and the ground-based temperatures were 4–5 K warmer than SABER values. A difference of 8 K or more is noted between two measurements when the peak of the OH emission layer lies in the vicinity of large temperature inversions. A comparison of OH temperatures derived using different sets of Einstein transition probabilities and SABER measurements was also performed; however, OH temperatures derived using Langhoff et al. (1986) transition probabilities were found to compare well.
Modelled estimates of spatial variability of iron stress in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Ryan-Keogh Thomas J. , Thomalla Sandy J. , Mtshali Thato N. , Little Hazel
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean is characterized by markedly different frontal zones with specific seasonal and sub-seasonal dynamics. Demonstrated here is the effect of iron on the potential maximum productivity rates of the phytoplankton community. A series of iron addition productivity versus irradiance (PE) experiments utilising a unique experimental design that allowed for 24 hour incubations were performed within the austral summer of 2015/16. The addition of iron can result in the doubling of the photosynthetic parameters αB and PBmax, with subsequent changes in Ek. Mean values for each parameter under iron replete conditions were 1.46 ± 0.55 (μg (μg Chl a)−1 h−1 (μM photons m−2 s−1)−1), 72.55 ± 27.97 (μg (μg Chl a)−1 h−1) and 50.84 ± 11.89 (μM photons m−2 s−1); whereas mean values under the control conditions were 1.25 ± 0.92 (μg (μg Chl a)−1 h−1 (μM photons m−2 s−1)−1), 62.44 ± 36.96 (μg (μg Chl a)−1 h−1) and 55.81 ± 19.60 (μM photons m−2 s−1). There were no clear spatial patterns in either the absolute values or the absolute differences between the treatments at the experimental locations. When these parameters are integrated into a standard depth-integrated primary production model across a latitudinal transect, the effect of iron addition shows higher levels of primary production south of 50° S, with very little difference observed in the sub-Antarctic and Polar Frontal zone. These results emphasize the need for better parameterisation of photosynthetic parameters in biogeochemical models around sensitivities in their response to iron supply. Future biogeochemical models will need to consider the combined and individual effects of iron and light to better resolve the natural background in primary production and predict its response under a changing climate.
HESS Opinions: A Planetary Boundary on Freshwater Use is Misleading
Authors: Heistermann Maik
Published: March 2017

Abstract. In 2009, a group of prominent earth scientists introduced the planetary boundaries (PB) framework: They suggested nine global control variables, and defined corresponding thresholds which, if crossed, could generate unacceptable environmental change. The concept builds on systems theory, and views Earth as a complex adaptive system in which anthropogenic disturbances may trigger non-linear, abrupt and irreversible changes at the global scale, and push the Earth system outside the stable environmental state of the Holocene. While the idea has been remarkably successful in both science and policy circles, it has also raised fundamental concerns, as the majority of suggested processes and their corresponding planetary boundaries do not operate at the global scale, and thus apparently lack the potential to trigger abrupt planetary changes. This paper picks up the debate with specific regard to the planetary boundary on “global freshwater use”. While the bio-physical impacts of excessive water consumption are typically confined to the river basin scale, the PB proponents argue that water-induced environmental disasters could build up to planetary scale feedbacks and system failures. So far, however, no evidence has been presented to corroborate this hypothesis. Furthermore, no coherent approach has been presented to what extent a planetary threshold value could reflect the risk of regional environmental disaster. To be sure, the PB framework was revised in 2015, extending the planetary freshwater boundary with a set of basin-level boundaries inferred from environmental water flow assumptions. Yet, no new evidence was presented, neither with respect to the ability of those basin-level boundaries to reflect the risk of regional regime shifts, nor with regard to a potential mechanism linking river basins to the planetary scale. So while the idea of a planetary boundary on “global freshwater use” appears intriguing, the line of arguments presented so far remains speculative and implicatory. As long as Earth system science does not present compelling evidence, the exercise of assigning actual numbers to such a boundary is arbitrary, premature and misleading. Taken as a basis for water-related policy and management decisions, though, the idea transforms from misleading to dangerous, as it implies that we can globally offset water-related environmental impacts. A planetary boundary on freshwater use should thus be disapproved and actively refuted by the hydrological and water resources community.
An examination of land use impacts of flooding induced by sea level rise
Authors: Song Jie , Fu Xinyu , Gu Yue , Deng Yujun , Peng Zhong-Ren
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Coastal regions become unprecedentedly vulnerable to coastal hazards that are associated with sea level rise. The purpose of this paper is therefore to simulate prospective urban exposure to changing sea levels. This article first applied the cellular-automaton-based SLEUTH model (Project Gigalopolis, 2016) to calibrate historical urban dynamics in Bay County, Florida (USA) – a region that is greatly threatened by rising sea levels. This paper estimated five urban growth parameters by multiple-calibration procedures that used different Monte Carlo iterations to account for modeling uncertainties. It then employed the calibrated model to predict three scenarios of urban growth up to 2080 – historical trend, urban sprawl, and compact development. We also assessed land use impacts of four policies: no regulations; flood mitigation plans based on the whole study region and on those areas that are prone to experience growth; and the protection of conservational lands. This study lastly overlaid projected urban areas in 2030 and 2080 with 500-year flooding maps that were developed under 0, 0.2, and 0.9 m sea level rise. The calibration results that a substantial number of built-up regions extend from established coastal settlements. The predictions suggest that total flooded area of new urbanized regions in 2080 would be more than 25 times that under the flood mitigation policy, if the urbanization progresses with few policy interventions. The joint model generates new knowledge in the domain between land use modeling and sea level rise. It contributes to coastal spatial planning by helping develop hazard mitigation schemes and can be employed in other international communities that face combined pressure of urban growth and climate change.
Brinquedos do Carnaval Pernambucano: Um “Campo de Lutas” Cultural entre Maracatu Rural e Ursos na Perspectiva da Construção Social Bourdiesiana
Authors: Pereira Roberta De Albuquerque
Published: March 2017

Inseridos em um cenário onde as relações de produção e trocas orientam a vida social contemporânea, vive-se, constantemente, disputando espaço e reconhecimento. No que diz respeito a cultura, essa perspectiva não é diferente, estando-se inseridos em uma lógica mercantil, que levam as pessoas a buscar distinção por meio de uma dinâmica de poder. Nesse sentido, a fim de conhecer com maior profundidade as características desse fenômeno, no presente artigo1 se propõe a analisar como estava ocorrendo o processo de distinção entre Maracatu Rural e Ursos, através de uma análise comparativa entre estes, para identificar o que levaria um brinquedo a ser mais reconhecido que outro. Para dar suporte a compreensão desse fenômeno, utilizou-se a teoria Sociológica Econômica de Pierre Bourdieu (2001), uma vez que possibilita entender a estrutura da sociedade dentro de uma dinâmica econômica. O problema de pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo, com caráter interpretativista e etnográfico. Como resultado, identificou-se a distinção do Maracatu Rural sobre os Ursos devido as influências políticas, sociais, econômicas e simbólicas. Esta pesquisa foi realizada no carnaval de 2013 e 2014, das cidades do Recife (PE), Nazaré da Mata (PE) e Aliança (PE).
Um estudo de caso sobre o Turismo Cultural em Porto Nacional, Tocantins (Brasil)
Authors: Nascimento Núbia Nogueira do , Guilherme Ordália Dias da Silva
Published: March 2017

Nesse estudo se propõe discutir as ações que embasam a prática e a existência do Turismo Cultural na cidade de Porto Nacional no estado do Tocantins (Brasil). Discute-se a prática do desenvolvimento do turismo cultural urbano com o fim de facilitar a promoção das atividades turísticas na cidade. A metodologia consistiu na aplicação de um questionário1 aos turistas que visitaram a Catedral Nossa Senhora das Mercês e o Museu Histórico e Cultural no período referente ao mês de julho e dezembro de 2013, com objetivo de conhecer o símbolo mais representativo considerado ponto turístico e/ou histórico para os turistas. Ao segundo grupo, os moradores do centro histórico da cidade de Porto Nacional, Tocantins, em especifico, a área tombada, foram feitas entrevistas2. Para esse grupo, foram realizadas entrevistas a respeito da participação dos moradores no processo de patrimonialização do Centro Histórico da cidade de Porto Nacional–TO e a opinião sobre a prática do turismo cultural na cidade. No decorrer da análise chegou-se conclusão do ponto de vista dos turistas quanto a existência do turismo cultural na cidade e o ponto de vista dos moradores quanto a participação do processo de tombamento e a existência do turismo cultural.
A importância da revitalização da Rua 14 de Julho para o fortalecimento da identidade cultural de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul/MS, Brasil
Authors: Sottili Garcia Daniela , Reis Josiane Agostini de Almeida , Silva Luciana De Jesus Rabêlo
Published: March 2017

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a proposta de revitalização da Rua 14 de Julho, principal rua comercial do centro urbano de Campo Grande – Mato Grosso do Sul/MS (Brasil), no intuito de contribuir para o fortalecimento da identidade cultural da cidade e incentivar o desenvolvimento do Turismo Cultural. Como objetivos específicos, propôs-se averiguar por meio de fontes bibliográficas e documentais, como ocorreu o processo de formação da cidade e como se planejou a revitalização de seu centro urbano; e por fim, analisar a revitalização da Rua 14 de Julho, comparando-a com os exemplos das cidades de Curitiba – Paraná/PR (Brasil) e Florianópolis – Santa Catarina/SC (Brasil), que tiveram algumas ruas ou o centro revitalizado. Para esta pesquisa foram utilizados o método comparativo e observação in loco, além de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Por meio deste estudo, desenvolvido no ano de 2014, foi possível afirmar que a revitalização atingirá o objetivo proposto caso sejam devidamente seguidas às diretrizes e estratégias propostas no Plano de Revitalização (2010), pois, entre outros benefícios, a realização desta revitalização na íntegra, poderá contribuir com o desenvolvimento do Turismo nesta cidade, fortalecendo, sobretudo, a identidade cultural do campo-grandense e por meio disso, incentivar o desenvolvimento do Turismo Cultural.
Inclusão social para pessoas com Síndrome de Down: Análise de uma visita guiada pelo Congresso Nacional (Brasília, Brasil)
Authors: Augusti Carolina , Junqueira Luiz Daniel Muniz
Published: March 2017

Realizou-se esse estudo com a intenção de identificar a contribuição de um passeio de lazer, e por vezes turístico, no desenvolvimento intelectual e social de pessoas com síndrome de Down, considerando suas características físicas e psicológicas. A pesquisa teve abordagem qualitativa com técnicas bibliográfica, documental e de levantamento, sendo realizada durante uma visita guiada em maio de 2012 no Congresso Nacional (Brasília, Brasil) por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas aplicadas aos pais e responsáveis e às pessoas com síndrome de Down. Entrevistou-se, ainda, o coordenador de Educação Inclusiva do Distrito Federal para compreender as políticas de inclusão desse grupo social. Na pesquisa se observou o comportamento dos jovens com síndrome de Down durante a visita guiada no Congresso Nacional. Como resultado, foi possível verificar que as atividades de lazer e turísticas podem ser ferramentas no desenvolvimento educacional e fator de maior inclusão social.
Endoscopic management of esophageal perforation caused by calibrating bougie during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Martines Gennaro , Digennaro Rosa , De Fazio Michele , Capuano Palma
Published: March 2017

Background: Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) is one of the most used surgical techniques for the treatment of morbid obesity. The esophageal perforation (EP) secondary to the use of calibrating bougie is a rare complication.Case presentation: A 43-year-old woman with a body mass index (BMI) of 54 kg/m2 underwent LSG. During the use of a calibrating bougie, a distal EP occurred, but it became evident only during the second day after the surgery. The patient was hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit because of respiratory failure and her clinical conditions did not permit a safe surgical treatment. The EP was treated successfully by endoscopic conservative approach with a double-covered self-expanding endoprosthesis (SEMS).Results: The esophageal calibrating bougie, often placed by an anaesthesiologist, is undoubtedly useful during the learning curve of the surgeon to ensure a correct sleeve size; however, it may result in severe and difficult-to-treat iatrogenic lesions.Conclusions: Managing the complications through conservative endoscopy is possible, but in order to support these patients, the immediate availability of an intensive care unit is essential. We underline the importance of a dedicated team of surgeons and anaesthesiologists and a multidisciplinary team to treat major complications in bariatric surgery.
Investigating Knowledge, Attitude and Health Care Waste Management by Health Workers in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution
Authors: Uchechukwu E. Ezeoke , Babatunde I. Omotowo , Anne C. Ndu
Published: March 2017

INTRODUCTION: Inadequate knowledge and practice of health care waste management by health workers may have serious health consequences and a significant impact on the environment.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to ascertain the knowledge, attitude and practice of hospital waste management among health workers in Enugu.METHODS: A cross sectional descriptive survey was carried out among 115 health workers at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire, and was analysed using SPSS version 21. Statistical significance of association between variables was assessed using Chi-square test at p<0.05. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of UNTHRESULTS: All 115 respondents returned the completed questionnaires. Sixty (52.2%) were females and fifty five (47.8%) were males. The mean age of respondents was 31.7 ±11.8 years. Ninety three (80.9%) had heard of hospital waste management, 95 (83%) were aware that hospital waste is classified into hazardous and non-hazardous waste. Ninety nine (86.1%) were aware of waste segregation, only 25(21.7%) dispose medical waste in specified color coded container always. Majority 90 (78.3%) use latex gloves when handling waste.CONCLUSION: Most of the respondents knew what health care waste management means (HCWM), but very few practiced appropriate health care waste management. Health education and training is recommended for the health care workers periodically and regularly.
TTIP tentatief in lokaal perspectief
Authors: Stout Helen
Published: March 2017

TTIP tentative in local perspective

Last year the first Dutch municipalities declared themselves TTIP-free and the list is growing. The count now stands at 27 Dutch municipalities, three Dutch provinces and two Dutch water boards. TTIP means that foreign companies can be confident that investments in a host country are secure and cannot simply be eliminated or nullified. But what if investments are at odds or will be become at odds with measures a government has taken or intends to take, for example to protect the environment? Does the government still have that freedom under TTIP? Or is it only if it is prepared to pay large amounts of money? Comparable practices show that it may involve significant amounts of money. What can we expect from TTIP in this respect? The question central in this essay is if and, if so to what extent, does the investment protection that TTIP offers, in combination with the arbitration that is foreseen in the treaty, impede local authorities in taking decisions in the general interest.
Assessment of stun quality after gunshot used on cattle: a pilot study on effects of diverse ammunition on physical signs displayed after the shot, brain tissue damage and brain haemorrhages
Authors: Schiffer KJ , Retz SK , Algers B , Hensel O
Published: March 2017

Moving the slaughter process from the abattoir to the animals’ familiar environment has the potential to reduce pre-mortal stressors to a minimum and contribute considerably to improved animal welfare at slaughter. On-farm stunning and killing of free-range cattle via gunshot became legal in Germany in November 2011, including for commercial sale of the meat. As an effective stun is essential for maintaining animal welfare until the animal dies, the goal of this study was to assess the feasibility of delivering an instantaneous and deep stun by an accurate frontal gunshot at cattle. Thirty free-range cattle (Galloway, German Angus) were shot with five different combinations of rifles and bullets. A stun-quality protocol was developed to assess musculoskeletal, optical and respiratory signs displayed after the shot. Key signs, such as failure to collapse, corneal reflex, spontaneous blinking, eyeball rotation or eyeball movement, distinct vocalisation and rhythmic breathing were not evident in 29 of the 30 cattle. Dissections of the heads were used to detect penetration depth of the projectile as well as evaluate brain tissue damage and brain haemorrhage caused by the shot. Tissue damage was marginal and not related to the ascertained level of stun quality. Brain haemorrhages assumed to be sufficient for causing a deep stun were detected in 25 out of 30 cattle. Accurate shot placement turned out to be more important than the application of a certain calibre. However, it was considered crucial for safety reasons that the projectile should remain within the cranial cavity. As long as there are high levels of accuracy, gunshot was considered to be an effective stunning method with the potential of maintaining high standards of animal welfare until death occurs.
So how would you translate that? PORTAL - Professional ORal Translation in Adult Learners
Authors: Mondahl Margrethe , Svendsen Lisbet Pals
Published: March 2017

No abstract.
Bananas - on names and definitions in translation studies
Authors: Chesterman Andrew , Dam Helle V. , Engberg Jan , Schjoldager Anne
Published: March 2017

No abstract.
Caracterização do consumo de leite em idosos
Authors: Passanha Adriana , Garcia Heloisa De Souza , Cervato-Mancuso Ana Maria , Andrade Samantha Caesar de , Vieira Viviane Laudelino
Published: March 2017

O idoso está exposto a modificações em seu equilíbrio nutricional devido a fatores fisiológicos e socioeconômicos, uso de fármacos, doenças, e/ou dificuldades na obtenção de alimentos, bem como sua forma de preparo. Isso pode tornar a ingestão alimentar inadequada, levando ao consumo insatisfatório de diversos alimentos, inclusive o leite. O objetivo é caracterizar aspectos relacionados à ingestão de leite por idosos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com idosos voluntários de ambos os sexos, vacinados em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde. Os participantes foram questionados sobre a quantidade consumida diariamente de leite. Realizou-se descrição das variáveis por meio de frequências, desvio padrão e média; utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado, com significância indicada por p
Autocrine regulation of stomatal differentiation potential by EPF1 and ERECTA-LIKE1 ligand-receptor signaling
Authors: Qi Xingyun , Han Soon-Ki , Dang Jonathan H , Garrick Jacqueline M , Ito Masaki , Hofstetter Alex K , Torii Keiko U
Published: March 2017

Development of stomata, valves on the plant epidermis for optimal gas exchange and water control, is fine-tuned by multiple signaling peptides with unique, overlapping, or antagonistic activities. EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR1 (EPF1) is a founding member of the secreted peptide ligands enforcing stomatal patterning. Yet, its exact role remains unclear. Here, we report that EPF1 and its primary receptor ERECTA-LIKE1 (ERL1) target MUTE, a transcription factor specifying the proliferation-to-differentiation switch within the stomatal cell lineages. In turn, MUTE directly induces ERL1. The absolute co-expression of ERL1 and MUTE, with the co-presence of EPF1, triggers autocrine inhibition of stomatal fate. During normal stomatal development, this autocrine inhibition prevents extra symmetric divisions of stomatal precursors likely owing to excessive MUTE activity. Our study reveals the unexpected role of self-inhibition as a mechanism for ensuring proper stomatal development and suggests an intricate signal buffering mechanism underlying plant tissue patterning.
The challenges faced by living stock collections in the USA
Authors: McCluskey Kevin , Boundy-Mills Kyria , Dye Greg , Ehmke Erin , Gunnell Gregg F , Kiaris Hippokratis , Polihronakis Richmond Maxi , Yoder Anne D , Zeigler Daniel R , Zehr Sarah , Grotewold Erich
Published: March 2017

Many discoveries in the life sciences have been made using material from living stock collections. These collections provide a uniform and stable supply of living organisms and related materials that enhance the reproducibility of research and minimize the need for repetitive calibration. While collections differ in many ways, they all require expertise in maintaining living organisms and good logistical systems for keeping track of stocks and fulfilling requests for specimens. Here, we review some of the contributions made by living stock collections to research across all branches of the tree of life, and outline the challenges they face.