bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Націонал-легіонерська держава в Румунії 1940-1941 рр.: спроба реалізації програми ґардистів та її наслідки для руху
Authors: Пушкарьов Володимир , Піддубний Ігор
Published: September 2024

Прихід до влади І. Антонеску та представників Легіонерського руху в Румунії став результатом кризи у Південно-Східній Європі в умовах початкового етапу Другої світової війни і мав на меті порятунок незалежності королівства шляхом усунення від влади англофілів. Проте він супроводжувався діями, що не стільки трансформували політичну структуру країни, але призвели до виникнення певного хаосу всередині країни. Домовленості між І. Антонеску як голови уряду та Г. Сіма як представника політичної організації, що претендувала на владу, не привели до влагодження внутрішньополітичної ситуації. Спроба захоплення влади у січні 1941 р. стала результатом поглиблення протистояння між І. Антонеску та керівництвом Легіонерського руху. Розгром ґардистів владою призвів до вимушеної втечі багатьох з них до Німеччини, продовження діяльності в умовах переслідування владою. Спроби розгорнути активну діяльність відбувались і з початком вступу Румунії у війну на боці країн Осі, однак владі вдавалося контролювати ґардистів та своєчасно реагувати на загрозливі прояви діяльності, що не допустило повторних спроб легіонерського керівництва здобути контроль над країною. Помітною була діяльність поліційних органів у повернутих регіонах, де ґардисти намагалися організувати свою діяльність, однак при цьому залишалися постійно під наглядом поліції та жандармів.
RESEARCH OF MODERN DIGITAL MARKETING TRENDS
Authors: CHUKURNA Оlena , TARDASKINA Tetіana , GORDEYEVA Yelena , BAZYKA Serhii
Published: September 2024

Today's digital marketing is undergoing significant changes due to digital transformation. The article explores the key trends shaping the modern digital marketing paradigm, including process automation, content personalization, the use of big data, as well as the latest digital technologies such as VR and AR, artificial intelligence. The article pays special attention to the challenges and opportunities that companies face in the process of adapting to the digital environment. The article analyzes modern digital marketing tools. Today's digital marketing tools are essential for any business because they allow you to reach your target audience through a variety of digital channels. They provide effective interaction with customers, including personalization of communications and offers. During the study, the practical aspects of the integration of digital technologies into marketing activity with the aim of increasing its efficiency and effectiveness were determined. Modern digital marketing trends play a primary role in the development of a company's digital marketing strategy. A digital marketing strategy allows you to respond more quickly to changes in the market and adapt to new conditions, which ensures the sustainable development of the company in the conditions of the digital economy. In today's world, where digital transformation is transforming business processes and consumer habits, digital marketing is becoming a necessity for businesses in all sectors of the digital economy. An analysis of modern digital marketing trends demonstrates that automation strategies, the use of big data, personalization of content and the introduction of the latest technologies are critical for successful competition and attracting the modern consumer. Modern digital marketing tools are analyzed, the advantages of the development of digital tools in the context of digital marketing are determined and substantiated, practical aspects of the integration of the latest technologies in marketing activities are proposed to increase their effectiveness and efficiency. The integration of digital technologies and tools allows companies to quickly adapt to changing market conditions and remain competitive. This contributes to the creation of more flexible, adaptive and personalized marketing strategies that meet the modern needs of consumers. The results of the conducted studies emphasize the importance of constant improvement of marketing strategies and adaptation to rapidly changing market conditions to effectively use the potential of digital tools in marketing activities.
ANALISIS BIAYA PRODUKSI, PENDAPATAN, DAN R/C PADA USAHATANI JAGUNG DAN PADI : STUDI KASUS DI DESA SELAAWI KECAMATAN SELAAWI KABUPATEN GARUT
Authors: Rayhan Muhammad , Fahrudin Tora , Sukawati Renny , Hardiansyah Hendri
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan mengidentifikasi: (1) Total biaya, penerimaan, serta pendapatan usahatani jagung dan padi di Desa Selaawi Kec, Selaawi Kab, Garut selama satu kali musim tanam; serta (2) Tingkat efisiensi R/C dari usahatani jagung dan padi di di Desa Selaawi Kecamatan Selaawi Kab, Garut di satu kali musim tanam. Metode survei dipakai di penelitian ini mengambil sampel dari 50 petani secara acak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Biaya usahatani untuk jagung mencapai Rp 14.695.000, sementara untuk padi mencapai Rp 17.535.000. Penerimaan dari jagung sebesar Rp 31.500.000 dan dari padi sebesar Rp 39.900.000. Pendapatan dari usahatani jagung adalah Rp 16.805.000 dan dari padi sebesar Rp 22.365.000. Selanjutnya, (2) Tingkat efisiensi R/C untuk jagung yakni 2,14, untuk padi adalah 2,27. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa usahatani jagung dan padi di wilayah tersebut layak untuk dilanjutkan. Dan jika dilihat dari R/C, padi lebih menguntungkan daripada jagung.
KARAKTERISTIK KEMISKINAN MASYARAKAT NELAYAN DAN PROGRAM PENANGGULANGANNYA DI DESA TENGKU DACING KABUPATEN TANA TIDUNG
Authors: Nur Adi Aspian , Wahyuni Rina Sri
Published: September 2024

Berdasarkan Peraturan Bupati Tana Tidung Nomor 20 Tahun 2020 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Peraturan Bupati Tana Tidung Nomor 45 Tahun 2019 Tentang Tata Cara Pembagian dan penetapan Rincian Dana Desa Setiap Desa Tahun Anggaran 2020 menjelaskan bahwa desa Tengku Dacing termasuk wilayah desa tertinggal.  Menurut Undang-Undang No. 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa, dalam pembangunan desa meliputi pemenuhan 4 aspek, yaitu: (1) kebutuhan dasar, (2) pelayanan dasar, (3) lingkungan, dan (4) kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat desa. Desa Tertinggal adalah desa yang mempunyai ketersediaan dan akses terhadap pelayanan dasar, infrastruktur, aksesibilitas/transportasi pelayanan umum, dan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang masih minim. Desa Tengku dacing merupakan desa yang terletak di sebelah utara pulau Mandul dan termasuk di dalam wilayah kecamatan Tana Lia Kabupaten tana Tidung Provinsi Kalimantan Utara. Tujuan penelitian adalah (1) Mengidentifikasi/menginventarisasi karakteristik/ faktor penyebab kemiskinan masyarakat di wilayah pesisir khususnya masyarakat nelayan desa Tengku Dacing; (2) Menganalisis karakteristik utama/faktor penyebab kemiskinan masyarakat di wilayah pesisir khususnya masyarakat nelayan desa Tengku Dacing; (3) Menyusun program dan rencana kegiatan penanggulangan dan pengentasan kemiskinan masyarakat di wilayah pesisir khususnya masyarakat nelayan desa Tengku Dacing. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan cara Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dan perhitungan Indeks Rasio Gini. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa karakteristik kemiskinan di desa Tengku Dacing adalah pendapatan masyarakat yang rendah. Sehingga kesulitan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup. Selanjutnya adalah tingkat pendidikan kebanyakan adalah lulusan SD serta tingkat kemiskinan masyarakat wilayah pesisir desa Tengku Dacing berdasdarkan hasil indeks rasio gini adalah tinggi.
Slow Release of Hydrogen Sulfide in CA1 Hippocampal Neurons Rescues Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity and Associativity in an Amyloid-β Induced Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Manakkadan Anoop , Krishnan Dolly , Rui Xia Ang Sheila , Sajikumar Sreedharan
Published: September 2024

Background: Impairment of synaptic plasticity along with the formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau-protein neurofibrillary tangles have been associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Earlier studies with rat and mouse hippocampal slices have revealed the association of AD with the absence of synthesis of memory related proteins leading to impairment in cognitive functions. The role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous neurotransmitter, has been gaining attention as a neuroprotective agent. However, its role in AD-like conditions has not been studied so far. Objective: To study the neuroprotective role of H2S in AD conditions using rat hippocampal slices and the organic molecule GYY4137, a slow releasing H2S donor. Methods: Electrophysiological recordings were carried out in rat hippocampal slices to look into the impairment of LTP, a cellular correlate of memory. The Aβ42 peptide was bath-applied to mimic AD-like conditions and checked for both late-LTP and synaptic tagging and capture (STC) mechanisms of the synapses. GYY4137 was applied to look into its neuroprotective role at different stages during the recording of fEPSP. Results: There has been a steady decline in the plasticity properties of the synapses, in the form of late-LTP and STC, after the application of Aβ42 peptide in the hippocampal slices. However, application of GYY4137 rescued these conditions in vitro. Conclusions: GYY4137, with its slow release of H2S, could possibly act as a therapeutic agent in cognitive dysfunctions of the brain, mainly AD.
Prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease: Global Cognition, Cue Efficiency, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Values Predict Short-Term Conversion to Dementia
Authors: Méndez-Barrio Carlota , Medina-Rodríguez Manuel , Mendoza-Vázquez Gonzalo , García-Roldán Ernesto , Rodrigo-Herrero Silvia , Luque-Tirado Andrea , Almodóvar-Sierra Ángela , Franco-Macías Emilio
Published: September 2024

Background: Predicting which patients with prodromal AD (pAD) will imminently convert to dementia may be paramount in a memory clinical setting, especially with potential disease-modifying therapies on the horizon. Objective: To explore a practical tool for this prediction, combining cognitive tests and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. Methods: We designed a longitudinal prospective, observational, and multicenter study, enrolling patients with pAD. Inclusion criteria comprised memory complaints, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of≥22, memory impairment as indicated by the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test with Immediate Recall (FCSRT + IR) and/or TMA-93, Clinical Dementia Rating-Global Score (CDR-GS) of 0.5, and positive CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (<0.095, Euroimmun). The primary outcome was the conversion to dementia (CDR-GS≥1) within the first year of follow-up, referred to as “short-term conversion”. A multiple regression logistic model was adopted to design the “Predict Short-Term Conversion” (PSTC) score. Results: Between 2020 and 2022, 83 patients were recruited. The median age was 74, with 49.4% being women. Twenty-five (30.1%) patients were classified as short-term converters. The PSTC score incorporated baseline scores on MMSE ( ≤24 = 3, >24 = 0) and FCSRT + IR Total Recall ( ≤14 = 4, >14 = 0), and CSF neurofilament light chains (NfLs) concentrations (β=0.001299). The PSTC score demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.67-0.90, p < 0.001), with a cutoff value of 5.14 presenting 76% sensitivity and 80% specificity. Conclusions: The PSTC score, comprising two relatively brief cognitive test scores and NfLs CSF concentrations, could be useful for predicting short-term converters among patients diagnosed with pAD.
15 Years of Inclusive Employment in a Down Syndrome Clinic
Authors: Reynders Sydney S. , Lombardo Angela M. , Davidson Emily J. , Guan Jennifer L. , Pawlowski Katherine G. , Simons Nathan Z. , Baumer Nicole T.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: Adults with intellectual disabilities have high rates of unemployment and underemployment. Despite benefits to employers and employees, some groups may be hesitant to implement inclusive employment programs due to lack of knowledge, absence of well-defined strategies, and limited exposure to successful examples. OBJECTIVE: To address this gap, the Down Syndrome Program (DSP) in a New England tertiary pediatric hospital established an inclusive employment program that supports and trains young adults with Down syndrome in the development of foundational job skills within a hospital-based clinic. METHODS: This case study examines strategies and lessons learned from the employment program’s implementation and evolution. RESULTS: Successful implementation required iterative, tailored approaches to meet diverse needs. CONCLUSION: The DSP developed a framework and collection of best practices for other organizations to adopt for successful employment of individuals with disabilities under an inclusive employment model.
Bismarck a mezinárodní politika po roce 1871
Authors: Jelínek Petr
Published: September 2024

František Bauer: Bismarck v mezinárodní politice po prusko-francouzské válce /1871-1890/. Martin Kučera /ed./. 1. vydání. Praha: Historický ústav AV ČR, 2001, 223 s., ISBN 80-7286-025-9.
Česko-ruské vztahy v souvislosti s rozšiřováním Evropské unie
Authors: Cibulková Petra
Published: September 2024

Volker Weichsel: Westintegration und Russlandpolitik der Tschechischen Republik. Studien zu Konflikt und Kooperation im Osten, Band 9. 1. Aufl. Münster: LIT Verlag, 2000, 129 s., ISBN 3-8258-4833-7.)
The elite media framing the emerging markets : a textual analysis of Mongolian case in the Wall Street Journal
Authors:   , Erdenekhuyag Erdenetungalag
Published: September 2024

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] This textual analysis addresses how The Wall Street Journal framed Mongolian economic and political image in the global capital market from 2012 to 2017. Three main frames were identified: sovereignty, resource nationalism, and supranationalism. Among them, The Journal constructed the salient frame that embraced the international control over Mongolian credibility by questioning both the foundation and the regulation of the Mongolian government. This framing was accomplished through The Journal's predominant reliance on elite sources. The study found that the international elite sources built up 76 percent of total sources in the coverage. The practical implications of this study suggest that The Journal could balance its source selection and the Mongolian government could provide more access to The Journal. In a broader sense, this analysis defines The Journal as an example of the elite media and considers the newspaper's process of constructing the news as a way to understand how emerging markets are framed by the media within a globalization.
The experimental origins of NPR
Authors:   , Leland Andrew
Published: September 2024

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Today National Public Radio is a well-established mainstream news organization with an even, consistent voice that is characterized by an earnest, serious tone. But in the years after its founding in 1971, NPR's sound was radically different. Stories would blur the line between fact and fiction, deploy the tools of radio drama, and take risks with narrative form. Through interviews with producers whose work appeared on NPR's flagship news-magazine, All Things-Considered, during this formative period, as well as through textual analysis of broadcasts from the NPR archive, this study seeks to examine and explore the experimental origins of NPR, to better understand why the institution's voice changed so radically over the years, when and how that change occurred, and to investigate the tensions and resonances between news on the one-hand, and imaginative documentary forms on the other.
Study on single and double layers micro-perforated panel absorbers and optimal design by genetic algorithm
Authors:   , Yang Huijun
Published: September 2024

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Base on Maa's general theory of micro-perforated panel absorber, the acoustic absorption performance of single and double layers MPP absorbers are investigated. The analytical formula for calculating the absorption coefficient of single and double layers micro-perforated panel are derived by the equivalent circuit method. Meanwhile, sound absorption characteristics of MPP absorber is determined by its structure parameters such as orifice diameter, panel thickness, the perforation ratio, and the depth of the backed air cavity. The influence rule of the variation of the structure parameters on the absorption performance has been studied through numerical simulation with Matlab software. Compared with single structure, the double layers MPP absorber improve the absorption frequency bandwidth effectively. Finally, optimize the double layers MPP absorber's structure parameters by genetic algorithm method. The optimization result improved the average absorption coefficient, and broad frequency absorption bandwidth remarkably at the same time.
Asymptotic properties of deep water solitary waves with compactly supported vorticity
Authors:   , Sinambela Daniel
Published: September 2024

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] In this thesis, we consider two-and three-dimensional gravity and capillary-gravity solitary waves propagating along the surface of a body of water with infinite depth. The waves are acted upon by gravity and we allow the effect of surface tension but do not require it. In addition, we assume that the flow is only rotational on some compact set inscribed in the domain of the fluid. Under some decay assumptions, we show that the velocity potential behaves like a dipole at infinity and obtain asymptotics form of the velocity potential and the free surface. We manage to rule out waves of pure elevation and depression. We also exhibit an equation relating the total momentum in the Cauchy principal value-sense with the dipole moment. This equation combined with the theorem on angular-momentum tells us that finite angular momentum implies zero total momentum in the Cauchy principal value sense. Moreover, if the horizontal component of the velocity field of a wave is non-zero, then such wave has an in finite angular momentum.
Carbon nanotube forests: synthesis, patterning, milling, mechanics, and applications
Authors:   , Davis Benjamin F.
Published: September 2024

Carbon nanotube (CNT) forests are a nano-structured material consisting of vertically oriented carbon nanotubes. The material has many exceptional and unique physical properties that have motivated considerable research in the past 10 years. CNT forests hold promise for diverse applications in the fields of thermal interfaces, mechanical interfaces, electrical interconnects, molecular sensors, battery cathodes, energy storage devices, and low reflectance coatings. This thesis seeks to introduce the reader to nanotechnology and nano-carbon materials, and explain several processes for creating, patterning, shaping, modifying physical properties, testing, and using carbon nanotube forests in novel applications. The thesis is organized so that each chapter describes an individual project or publication and is independent of other chapters.
Remembering Ali : a study of print media's framing of Muhammad Ali's death
Authors:   , Holton Brooks
Published: September 2024

Did the Louisville Courier-Journal and The New York Times do Muhammad Ali's legacy justice in their obituary and memorial coverage during the week after his June 3, 2016, death, or were the contextual complexities surrounding Ali's narrative simplified to continue a narrative that hinders future attempts to understand what exactly "The Louisville Lip" meant to the world? This study uses framing theory to examine how The Greatest was portrayed by print and digital news publications at both local and national levels after his 1967 refusal to be inducted into the U.S. Army during the Vietnam War and after he died at age 74 and argues that both newspapers perpetuated a sanitized frame of the boxer as a universally loved iconic athlete-hero role model in 2016 instead of the controversial mouthpiece he was at the height of criticism against him in 1967. The study demonstrates how the re-examination of lives can result in the problematic erasing of historical complexities and the inviting of an oversimplified version of subjects. Analyzing Ali's development as an athlete-hero in print and digital media from the 1960s through his 2016 death allows society to understand how his image was used and changed to serve as a model for understanding wider changes in American attitudes toward issues of race and religion.
Grasshopper and bee communities on Missouri prairies : comparing reconstructions and remnants
Authors:   , LaRose Joseph P.
Published: September 2024

Tallgrass prairies once occupied a large swath of central North America, but now face the combined challenges of habitat loss and fragmentation. In Missouri, where less than 1 percent the historical prairie remains, prairies are being reconstructed from agricultural or wooded land. The success of reconstructed grasslands is often assessed based on the extent to which native prairie plants have reestablished. Invertebrates, which make up a large portion of prairie biodiversity, are often assumed to colonize reconstructions if native vegetation returns. However, the limited mobility of many invertebrates, the isolation of many tallgrass remnants, and the difficulty in establishing prairie plants raises serious questions as to whether invertebrate communities on reconstructed prairies are and will be equivalent to those found on remnant prairies. To evaluate the effectiveness of prairie reconstructions in restoring grassland invertebrate communities, we sampled two guilds of terrestrial invertebrates: native bees (Anthophila) and grasshoppers (Acrididae). The first objective of this project was to compare grasshopper and bee communities on reconstructions to those on remnants by evaluating species richness, diversity, and community composition. We sought to identify species or functional groups associated with remnants or reconstructions that could be used to monitor invertebrate communities on reconstructions and remnants in the future. The second objective was to evaluate the effects of prairie reconstruction age on grasshopper and bee communities to determine if communities on reconstructions are converging with remnants.
Optimizing omni-channel grocery shopping : marketing communications strategies for independent grocery retailers
Authors:   , Mahon Cara
Published: September 2024

This study tests which incentives or messaging (if any) motivates consumers to start online grocery shopping with independent grocery retailers by applying the diffusion theory. Online grocery shopping is important to study because it has not been adopted as quickly as shopping online for other goods; however, the practice is expected by industry professionals, researchers, and grocers to grow quickly. Independent grocery retailers need to be studied because they compete in a crowded marketplace of traditional and non-traditional grocers like Amazon, Whole Foods Market, Walmart, and more; however, often are left out of research. By marketing an omni-channel retail strategy that includes online shopping with smart messaging and incentives, it is predicted that independent grocery retailers can continue to be successful instead of becoming a relic. This study asks the research question: Which marketing messaging, incentives, or combination of messaging and incentives delivered through email have the greatest effect on consumers' decision to try online grocery shopping? This study answers this research question utilizing the diffusion theory through the testing of seven hypotheses. The testing consisted of an experiment using email marketing messages sent to an independent grocery retailer's customer email list. Following the completion of the email experiment, the participating customers received an additional email with a follow-up survey to further analyze the customers' attitudes towards online grocery shopping adoption. The expected outcome predicted that emails with a combination of positive marketing messages and incentives will have a greater effect on adoption than emails without these marketing communication tactics, and that the combination of online customer reviews and free online grocery shopping service incentive will have the greatest effect on adoption. Discovering which incentives and messaging are most successful in persuading consumers to try online grocery shopping is important to study because it can save grocers marketing time and money. This is especially true for independent grocery retailers who typically have less marketing resources in comparison to their larger counterparts.
And the dynamo
Authors:   , Nutt Zachary C.
Published: September 2024

The artworks within & The Dynamo combine the visual histories of cartography, landscape painting, infographics and systems based abstraction to evaluate the industrial complexes and infrastructure that make up the contemporary human landscape. It is a landscape truly reflective of ourselves, though no human being is seen within any of the works. It is the landscape of the mechanical Dynamo, operating in silent invisibility, seemingly through its own accord as unseen workers carry out societies thirst for resources and convenience. Abstract in large scale, mundane in the smallness of the every day, and total in its spread over the face of the Earth.
From research to relationship : towards affinity-based scholarship and indigenous community empowerment
Authors:   , Reece David
Published: September 2024

Decades of technocratic development projects have been shown to mostly fail at reducing poverty. In response, decentralizing initiatives focused on community and local empowerment have become a strong trend. However, analysis of pros and cons discussed in community-related literature demonstrates a claim for the necessity of government hierarchical structures to assist with development. In this study, I contend that there could be another way for communities to access the resources they need without resorting to the vertical linkages of government assistance, drawing from an anarchist theoretical tradition. My alternative model suggests that institutions of knowledge could serve as facilitators of both resources and horizontal connections. To examine this possibility, I have looked at the world of universities and the researchers who work for them. My focus has also been narrowed to Indigenous communities and professors who are associated with these marginalized groups. Specifically, I discuss Drs. Hobbs and Larsen and their experiences with their respective groups, as well as the Maori people and several Indigenous scholars, including Dr. Palmer. In addition to exploring the potential embedded in these situations, I also interrogate the barriers that may hinder this potential, for the institutions, the communities, and the individuals. My research suggests some interesting possibilities, though not exactly the ones I imagined, and some further application of anarchist theories.
Controlling the kinematics of the left ventricle to treat resistant hypertension
Authors:   , Scott Matthew A.
Published: September 2024

The intention of this thesis is to present a novel controller design that eliminates hypertension in patients who suffer from resistant hypertension. The controller is designed by first translating the functionality of the left ventricle (LV) from a biological system to a system of dynamic equations, which is accomplished by defining pressure-rise-rate equations for the LV and aorta. The result is a dynamic model completely describing these pressures in terms of cardiovascular parameters associated with the LV. Using this model, the LV volume is controlled by implementing a first-order dynamic model for the LV. This produces a controller design capable of reducing systolic and diastolic aortic pressures to values that the physician desires; moreover, by defining hypertensive pressures within the cardiovascular system, the controller presented in this thesis demonstrates the effectiveness that controlling LV volume has in reducing aortic pressures to desired values.
Determination of the scale of fluctuation of cone penetration test data obtained from an alluvial site in Missouri
Authors:   , Sutton Laura
Published: September 2024

To account for uncertainty in geotechnical projects, knowledge of the uncertainties should be understood. Many sources of uncertainties can be reduced with increased sampling and good practices, but due to the nature of geomaterials, inherent uncertainties cannot be eliminated. Inherent uncertainties can be quantified by a statistical analysis. While some statistical descriptors, such as mean and standard deviation are common, the scale of fluctuation is less studied as it requires a large amount of data. The scale of fluctuation indicates the thickness of a soil layer which has correlated properties. Large quantities of data can be obtained from the cone penetration test (CPT). The CPT was used for a site investigation for a coal combustion residual landfill, providing ideal measurements to investigate the variability of the alluvial site on the Missouri River. The goal of Sutton's thesis is to determine if side resistance measurements, reported as the friction ratio, of cone penetration testing are less correlated than cone tip resistance measurements as previous research indicates. The results of this analysis agree with earlier analyses that the variability of the cone tip resistance is less than the skin friction. The average vertical scale of fluctuation for the cone tip resistance was 1.3 feet and 1.5 feet for sand and gravelly sand, respectively. The average vertical scale of fluctuation for the friction ratio was 0.7 feet and 0.8 feet for the sand and gravelly sand, respectively. As increased computing power allows more complex modelling to become readily available, the shift to probabilistic analyses of such models allows for a more realistic assessment of the variability and correlation of subsurface properties. Several examples are discussed with show the effect of correlation and illustrate the need for both typical and site specific probabilistic parameters.
Antecedents and motives for smoking in borderline personality disorder
Authors:   , Valadka Jaclyn S.
Published: September 2024

Though borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with higher rates of substance use, including cigarette smoking (Carpenter, Wood, & Trull, 2016; Rohde, Lewinsohn, Brown, Gau, & Kahler, 2003; Trull, Jahng, Tomko, Wood, & Sher, 2010), relatively little is known about motives for smoking among those with BPD. The current study examined contextual and subjective triggers of smoking as well as self-monitored motives for smoking in borderlines (n = 29) and healthy controls (n = 13). Data were collected via ecological momentary assessment (EMA) over a three-week period. Analyses using a "case-crossover" analytic strategy identified a number of unique antecedents of smoking but did not indicate any group differences in smoking triggers. Notably, negative affect was not found to be an antecedent to smoking events. Analyses of self-monitored motives for smoking individual cigarettes indicate that craving, habit, and boredom were the most highly endorsed motives for smoking and that coping with negative affect and enhancing positive affect were more highly endorsed by those in the BPD group than controls. Supplementary analyses examined smoking motives assessed by self-report questionnaire and diary-reported consequences of smoking events. BPD patients tended to endorse most motives on the questionnaire more highly than controls, but these differences were not statistically significant in this small sample. Participants reported that smoking events were highly pleasurable, modestly relieving, and rarely punishing. Relative to controls, BPD individuals reported stronger acute relief from smoking. Overall, the findings tend to indicate that negative affect is an uncommon smoking trigger, but support the hypothesis that smoking among borderlines may be especially driven by attempts to manage affect.
Helium segregation and migration behavior near symmetric tilt grain boundaries in tungsten
Authors:   , Yang Zhuocen
Published: September 2024

Tungsten, one of the most important divertor materials in nuclear fusion devices, will be subject to high-flux helium plasma, which can lead to unexpected structural defects and irregular microstructure such as fuzz and blistering. Helium transport in tungsten is affected by grain boundary (GB) defects in the metal. To improve the lifetime and long-term performance of plasma-facing tungsten, it is important to have a better understanding of helium behavior near GBs. In the first part of this thesis, helium cluster transport near symmetric tilt GBs is studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. We find that helium cluster diffusion is significantly impeded, compared to its bulk diffusion rate, near various symmetric tilt GBs with different tilt angles and [sigma] values. Secondly, various cluster-GB interactions and the resulting drift forces for helium cluster transport near GBs are quantified by molecular statics (MS) simulations and continuum elastic inclusion theory. We conclude that the GB sink strength for helium cluster segregation increases with cluster size and depends strongly on various GB properties. The third part of this thesis focuses on analyzing small helium cluster migration on symmetric tilt GBs. We find that small helium clusters show much higher migration energies when bound to the GB than in the bulk. Helium cluster migration is highly affected by the size of helium cluster and the structure of the GB. Vacancy migration energies are relatively low compared to the bulk, and are also much lower than helium cluster migration energies on the GB plane. This suggests that helium cluster migration on grain boundaries is actually governed by the rate of vacancy migration.
Between-row mower design for weed control in organically grown no-till soybeans
Authors:   , Abdulai Gabriel Ayichim Zulkarini
Published: September 2024

Weeds are a major challenge in organic no-till soybean production. They impair crop growth and result in yield loss. Innovative weed control methods need to be developed and experimented with in organic no-till agriculture to reduce weed density and improve organic yield. In 2017, mowing between crop rows was compared to cultivation in two central Missouri locations (Herman and Bradford Research Center). Cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) was used as a cover crop in some mowing treatments. Treatments included 1) pre-plant tillage + cultivation; 2) pre-plant tillage + mowing for weed control; 3) organic no-till using cover crops + mowing for weed control; and 4) organic no-till using cover crops + no subsequent weed control. Weed control treatments were conducted when seedlings were 4 in (10.2 cm) and repeated as needed until canopy closure. Broadleaf and grass biomass was collected between-row and in the row of organic soybeans to evaluate the efficacy of the weed treatment. Weed biomass was not significantly different at either testing locations. Yield from mowing with cover crop was 22 percent higher than cultivation treatments in both locations. Mowing between rows and cultivation has high potential for crop damage during operations. Between-row mowing with cover crops has great potential for weed control in organic soybean production and can be utilized in organic no-till.
An optimization model for the World Food Programme's "protracted relief and recovery operations" in Chad
Authors:   , Bisen Trapti
Published: September 2024

This thesis presents an optimization model for the World Food Programme's policy in Chad-Protracted Relief and Recovery Operations (PRRO). Chad is a landlocked country in Central Africa and around 87 percent of population lives below the poverty line. The World Food Programme(WFP) runs several operations in Chad to help refugees, displaced people, and other poor communities. The goal of PRRO policy is to build resilience, protect livelihoods and reduce malnutrition of refugee, returnees and other vulnerable people. The PRRO policy aims to enhance the capacity of the vulnerable population to respond to shocks more efficiently by supporting the development and integration of local markets -- using a food voucher program. This thesis analyzes the WFP's PRRO policy and builds a mathematical model using mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) techniques. It is a location-allocation (LA) problem. The model determines the optimal number of facilities to be placed such that the distance between beneficiaries and warehouses is minimized. Moreover, this model also determines what portion of the PRRO budget should be allocated for food supplies, food voucher, warehouse operational cost, and transportation cost, whilst minimizing the total cost.
An investigation into thermoelectric coolers
Authors:   , Franklin Eli David
Published: September 2024

A thermoelectric cooler (TEC) is a type of cooler that uses the electricity between the junction of two materials to cause a temperature drop. These coolers operate using the Peltier effect. Effectively, a TEC uses electrical energy to pump heat from one area to another. An understanding of the science of how TECs operate as well as their design will be investigated and finally, a unique design for a TEC with a high efficiency is presented. Current TECs do not operate at high efficiency and cannot generate as much cooling as desired. This report creates a design of a high efficiency cooler that operates at a high coefficient of performance. The design will also include phase change material that will differentiate it from its competition and allow for superior cooling and efficiency. The design will also feature vacuum-sealed chambers that will provide very good insulation and allow for optimal cooling for long periods. This report presents a thermal model of a TEC that will investigate the different thermal systems acting on the cooler and provide a better understanding of the cooler at equilibrium once it reaches its coolest position. A unique heat sink is designed to optimally dissipate the heat that is removed by the TECs. The model can also examine the variables that affect the thermal system that are controllable in the design of the cooler. Given the new design, the cooler in this report was able to cool up 14 cans of soda from 25[degrees]C to 12[degrees]C in approximately 86 minutes given a constant 12 V power supply. The theoretical analysis concludes that this design is sufficient at creating a cooler with a high efficiency that can cool to the desired low temperature.
Exploring behavior on Facebook during the 2016 presidential election
Authors:   , Holdren Wendy
Published: September 2024

This research explores behaviors on Facebook during the 2016 presidential election. Rooted in selective exposure theory, the study builds on established quantitative research. Prior research has shown social media users are unfollowing, unfriending and blocking other users and content with which they do not agree. This research builds on the missing qualitative element -- why do users engage in these behaviors? Sixteen participants were recruited for this study. Participants were asked a series of semi-structured questions to better understand their behaviors on Facebook in the months leading up to, during and directly after the election. Overall, the researcher found this was a time of "pruning" friends from social media. Most selective exposure was not due to disagreements about candidates or policy, but due to differences in personal values. Users also indicated a hierarchy of selective behavior, as well as a set of online behavioral norms which guided their decision making. Ultimately, the researcher found that many respondents wanted to spend their time on Facebook in a leisurely way, rather than engaged in political debates.
Selective area synthesis of 3-D carbon nanotube forest microsctructures
Authors:   , Hines Ryan Patrick
Published: September 2024

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are solid carbon allotropes that feature high strength and high transport capabilities. When large populations of CNTs are synthesized simultaneously, they self-assemble into vertically oriented CNT forests (also called CNT arrays or CNT turfs). In the current work, three-dimensional CNT forest microstructures are engineered by selectively activating CNT growth on specific regions of a patterned substrate. The process is realized using a combination of two distinct chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes in concert with silicon substrates independently patterned with regions of alumina, iron, or alumina and iron. The CVD process of both techniques require a catalyst nanoparticle to facilitate CNT growth and a hydrocarbon gaseous precursor. Floating catalyst CVD, a process in which CNT catalyst is delivered to a substrate in the vapor state, is compatible with oxide-coated substrates and not compatible with bare silicon surfaces. Fixed catalyst CVD utilizes a static iron film catalyst layer to support CNT synthesis. Regions of alumina support selective CNT forest growth with floating catalyst CVD, while regions of layered Al2O3/Fe support both fixed and floating catalyst growth when the fixed catalyst is activated first. By selectively and sequentially activating specific regions of a lithographically-defined substrate using the various CVD processes, complex 3D microstructures are demonstrated. The resultant CNT forest microstructures are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nanoindentation. Atomic force microscopy is used to analyze the behavior of the fixed iron catalyst during the high temperatures required for CVD processing.
Evaluation of a solid-liquid manure separation operation
Authors:   , Brown Joshua Tyler
Published: September 2024

Field monitoring and laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and practicality of a solid-liquid separation barn for finishing pigs. The solid-liquid separation system included a mechanical scraper and gravity flow system to separate manure into solid and liquid portions. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the performance of a solid-liquid separation finishing barn in improving manure nutrient management, the potential for nutrient/water recycling based on filtration, and barn construction and operating costs. A full-scale barn in Missouri was closely monitored to perform these objectives. Laboratory scale pretreatments and filtrations were conducted to evaluate the practicality of nutrient/water recycling from the separated liquid manure. The daily liquid manure production averaged 885 gallons, and daily solid manure production averaged 299 gallons. The solid separation system removed an average of 61.7 percent, 41.7 percent, 74.8 percent, and 46.2 percent of nitrogen, ammonium, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively, from the liquid stream. The filtration results indicate that the microfiltration was capable of removing suspended solids, but not the dissolved nutrients. The reverse osmosis process was time and energy intensive, with only minimal nutrient removal, but was probably constrained by the relatively small scale of the operation, small filter surface area, and high dissolved nutrients in the liquid manure. The construction cost of the solid-liquid separation barn in 2010 was $269/pig, which was around 15 percent higher than that for a deep pit barn. Additional electricity cost was $331 per year for daily operation of the scraper and conveyor systems, which equates to $0.28 per headspace per year. The additional maintenance of the scraper system averaged $1,342 per year. The solid-liquid separation barn was shown to have lower ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions when compared with deep-pit barns.
Determining electrofishing response thresholds of smallmouth bass (micropterus dolomieu), flathead catfish (pylodictus olivaris), and blue catfish (ictalurus furcatus)
Authors:   , Morris William Z.
Published: September 2024

We examined the response to electrofishing of three Missouri sportfish: Smallmouth Bass, Blue Catfish, and Flathead Catfish. We had three objectives for this research effort: 1) determine the effective conductivity of each species and whether this value differs from recommended values; 2) determine the effect of waveform, fish size, and water temperature on capture-prone response thresholds of each species; and 3) develop power goals and sampling recommendations for each species. We found that the effective conductivity of Smallmouth Bass was 123[mu]S/cm, which is near the previously used estimate (115[mu]S/cm), so existing goals may be adequate. For Flathead Catfish, we estimated an effective conductivity of 69[mu]S/cm. For Blue Catfish, we estimated an effecective conductivity of 94[mu]S/cm. We recommend using the average of these two estimates to develop power goals. We tested 12 waveforms for each species, using a different set of waveforms for Smallmouth Bass than for catfish. For Smallmouth Bass, waveform had little effect on response thresholds and suggest that current methods using a waveform of 60/25 are appropriate for sampling, assuming the response thresholds are related to conductivity. For catfish, although differences among waveforms were present, we were unable to identify a particular waveform that was more effective, so more research is needed. However, we recommend the use of the current standard waveform, 15/30, as this tended to have a reduced length effect relative to other waveforms.
Design and simulation of automatic tape winding system
Authors:   , Teng Teng
Published: September 2024

Based on two-axis manual tape winding machine, this paper describes and developes 3-axis automatic tape winding system. Beginning with motor analysis, discussion on the relationship between motors torque, angular velocity and winder inertia, calculation of required torque and tape tension, and connecting hardware parameters with estimated physical environment. The second part provides two methods for tension measurement and two methods of tension control, comparing their differences and errors. Then associates with previous calculations, we converted the hardware parts into mathematical model in MATLAB/ Simulink, separated the whole system into control module with PID control algorithm, motor drive and spindle model module. The simulation of the closed-loop tension control winding system is finally realized.
Tweeting while leading : President Trump's Twitter habits from a Washington media perspective
Authors:   , Welsh Meghan K.
Published: September 2024

This research is an in-depth study of how the current President of the United States is tweeting while leading our country and how that has impacted the traditional information gatekeeping role of the news media. By applying agenda setting theory as is central theoretical framework, this study examines how President Trump's penchant for tweeting has perhaps permanently changed the relationship between commander in chief, press, and the public. It finds that while presidents in the past have attempted to control the news cycle, the influential nature of his Twitter account allows President Trump to take the agenda setting reins in a way that no other politican has to date. The findings from a series of in-depth semi-structured interviews with professional journalists covering President Trump chronicle the challenges they face on a daily basis and how they are working smarter and harder in light of the president's "fake news" rhetoric. The research was conducted by an experienced journalist who understands the daily grind of the news coming out of the White House, having written for multiple newspapers, produced for four national television news networks, and covered three different presidential administrations over the course of a fifteen year career in news. Along with benefiting our scholarly understanding, this research has the potential to help news professionals understand the impact President Trump's use of Twitter is having on their work, their newsrooms, and the future of their profession.