bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Adverse Event Associated with Olaparib Therapy in a Patient with Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Wheelden Megan , Cream Leah , Sivik Jeffrey , Robson Mark
Published: June 2018

Olaparib was first FDA approved for use in women with advanced ovarian cancer and germline BRCA mutations. Based on the results of subsequent research, the use of this drug has been expanded to patients with metastatic breast cancer with germline BRCA mutation. With the use of a relatively new medication and a larger patient population eligible for therapy, monitoring for novel adverse events associated with therapy is important. This case represents a patient with metastatic breast cancer and germline BRCA2 mutation who developed erythema nodosum after initiation of therapy with olaparib capsules. Her characteristic rash appeared shortly after starting olaparib and recurred after restarting olaparib an additional two times. She was treated with short courses of prednisone therapy with or without holding olaparib with resolution of her rash. The patient was later restarted on olaparib capsules 200 mg twice daily, and she more recently has been maintained on olaparib tablets 300 mg twice daily. On both regimens, the patient experienced only attenuated episodes of erythema nodosum that have not required cessation of therapy or steroid therapy.
Therapeutic Immune Modulation against Solid Cancers with Intratumoral Poly-ICLC: A Pilot Trial
Authors: Kyi Chrisann , Roudko Vladimir , Sabado Rachel , Saenger Yvonne , Loging William , Mandeli John , Thin Tin Htwe , Lehrer Deborah , Donovan Michael , Posner Marshall , Misiukiewicz Krzysztof , Greenbaum Benjamin , Salazar Andres , Friedlander Philip , Bhardwaj Nina
Published: June 2018

Purpose: Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-poly-l-lysine carboxymethylcellulose (poly-ICLC), a synthetic double-stranded RNA complex, is a ligand for toll-like receptor-3 and MDA-5 that can activate immune cells, such as dendritic cells, and trigger natural killer cells to kill tumor cells.

Patients and Methods: In this pilot study, eligible patients included those with recurrent metastatic disease in whom prior systemic therapy (head and neck squamous cell cancer and melanoma) failed. Patients received 2 treatment cycles, each cycle consisting of 1 mg poly-ICLC 3× weekly intratumorally (IT) for 2 weeks followed by intramuscular (IM) boosters biweekly for 7 weeks, with a 1-week rest period. Immune response was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in tumor and blood.

Results: Two patients completed 2 cycles of IT treatments, and 1 achieved clinical benefit (stable disease, progression-free survival 6 months), whereas the remainder had progressive disease. Poly-ICLC was well tolerated, with principal side effects of fatigue and inflammation at injection site (<grade 2). In the patient with clinical benefit, IHC analysis of tumor showed increased CD4, CD8, PD1, and PD-L1 levels compared with patients with progressive disease. RNA-seq analysis of the same patient's tumor and peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed dramatic changes in response to poly-ICLC treatment, including upregulation of genes associated with chemokine activity, T-cell activation, and antigen presentation.

Conclusions: Poly-ICLC was well tolerated in patients with solid cancer and generated local and systemic immune responses, as evident in the patient achieving clinical benefit. These results warrant further investigation and are currently being explored in a multicenter phase II clinical trial (NCT02423863). Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 4937–48. ©2018 AACR.
The Role of Adding Somatostatin Analogues to Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy as a Combination and Maintenance Therapy
Authors: Yordanova Anna , Wicharz Marcel M. , Mayer Karin , Brossart Peter , Gonzalez-Carmona Maria A. , Strassburg Christian P. , Fimmers Rolf , Essler Markus , Ahmadzadehfar Hojjat
Published: June 2018

Purpose: Although somatostatin analogues (SSA) and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) are validated therapies in patients with advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET), it remains unclear whether SSA combined with PRRT or as maintenance therapy can provide prolonged survival compared with patients treated with PRRT alone. In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate whether there is a survival benefit to adding SSA to PRRT as a combination therapy and/or maintenance therapy.

Patients and Methods: The investigation included 168 patients with unresectable GEP-NETs treated at the University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany. The patients were divided into two main groups: PRRT monotherapy (N = 81, group 1) and PRRT plus SSA (N = 87, group 2) as combined therapy with PRRT and/or as maintenance therapy after PRRT.

Results: Data for overall survival (OS) were available from 168 patients, of whom 160 had data for progression-free survival (PFS). The median PFS was 27 months in group 1 versus 48 months in group 2 (P = 0.012). The median OS rates were 47 months in group 1 and 91 months in group 2 (P < 0.001). The death-event rates were lower in group 2 (26%) than in group 1 (63%). SSA as a combination therapy with PRRT and/or as a maintenance therapy showed a clinical benefit rate (objective response or stable disease) of 95%, which was significantly higher than group 1 (79%).

Conclusions: SSA as a combination therapy and/or maintenance therapy may play a significant role in tumor control in patients with GEP-NET who underwent a PRRT. Clin Cancer Res; 24(19); 4672–9. ©2018 AACR.
Patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stages B and C Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Time for a Subclassification
Authors: Golfieri Rita , Bargellini Irene , Spreafico Carlo , Trevisani Franco
Published: June 2018

Background: The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) intermediate and advanced stages (BCLC B and C) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) both include heterogeneous populations. Patients classified as BCLC stage B present with different tumour burdens, and the recommended treatment is transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). A similar heterogeneity of tumour burden and liver function can be found among patients classified as BCLC stage C, which includes diverse clinical features (performance status [PS] 1–2), macrovascular invasion (MVI) including portal vein tumour (PVT) thrombosis, and/or extra-hepatic spread. Nonetheless, the anti-tumoural treatment formally recommended by Western guidelines is systemic therapy with sorafenib. Summary: Several proposals of subclassification for both these stages have been suggested in recent years, differentiating the more appropriate treatments for each substage. In particular, for BCLC stage C patients with PVT, therapeutic indications, clinical outcomes, and response to locoregional therapy are notably different in the presence of subsegmental, segmental or main PVT. Accordingly, liver resection and transarterial therapies, such as TACE or transarterial embolization (TAE) and 90Y-radioembolization (TARE), can be performed in locally advanced HCC with intrahepatic MVI according to its extent. In fact, surgery and TACE/TAE/TARE have no contraindications in the presence of PVT limited to the subsegmental or segmental branches in Child-Pugh class A patients, whereas only TARE should be utilized when there is lobar branch involvement. The presence of PS 1 should not be sufficient to allocate patients to the advanced stage since this would preclude any potential treatment for HCC. Patients should be properly classified as BCLC C only in cases of main portal trunk PVT, and treated according to the guidelines, provided that they belong to Child-Pugh class A. Key Messages: Subclassifications of BCLC B and C stages are urgently needed and require validation in order to guide clinicians towards the most effective treatment option.
Fournier’s Gangrene: Literature Review and Clinical Cases
Authors: Chernyadyev Sergey A. , Ufimtseva Marina A. , Vishnevskaya Irina F. , Bochkarev Yuri M. , Ushakov Alexey A. , Beresneva Tatiana A. , Galimzyanov Farid V. , Khodakov Valery V.
Published: June 2018

Background: Fornier gangrene is an extremely rare disease of the genitals. This disease is a result of the urogenital tract, anorectal area, and genital skin infections, appearing usually in immunocompromised patients with diabetes, obesity, and malignant neoplasms. The basic treatment of Fournier gangrene includes an emergency surgical intervention combined with antibiotic therapy and detoxification. Methods: A review of recent papers comprising studies and reviews published in 2005–2016 was performed. The clinical cases were studied at the Department of Purulent Surgery Central Clinical Hospital No. 1, where 7 patients were diagnosed and treated. Results: The etiology, pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of Fournier gangrene are described in this article. The authors have described several clinical cases of patients with Fournier gangrene and with necrotic cellulitis and fasciomyositis of anterior abdominal wall, which is a manifestation of Fournier gangrene. Making allowance for the unfavorable epidemiological situation of syphilis in Russia, the increase in the incidence of complicated, atypical chancre, and therefore, the need for differentiation of Fournier gangrene with such manifestations of syphilis as necrotizing, esthiomenous chancre, indurative edema, the appropriate clinical examples are well explained in this article.
Effect of P450 Oxidoreductase Polymorphisms on the Metabolic Activities of Ten Cytochrome P450s Varied by Polymorphic CYP Genotypes in Human Liver Microsomes
Authors: Fang Yan , Gao Na , Tian Xin , Zhou Jun , Zhang Hai-Feng , Gao Jie , He Xiao-Pei , Wen Qiang , Jia Lin-Jing , Jin Han , Qiao Hai-Ling
Published: June 2018

Background/ Aims: Little is known about the effect of P450 oxidoreductase (POR) gene polymorphisms on the activities of CYPs with multiple genotypes. Methods: We genotyped 102 human livers for 18 known POR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with allelic frequencies greater than 1% as well as for 27 known SNPs in 10 CYPs. CYP enzyme activities in microsomes prepared from these livers were determined by measuring probe substrate metabolism by high performance liquid chromatograph. Results: We found that the effects of the 18 POR SNPs on 10 CYP activities were CYP genotype-dependent. The POR mutations were significantly associated with decreased overall Km for CYP2B6 and 2E1, and specific genotypes within CYP1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2D6 and 2E1 were identified as being affected by these POR SNPs. Notably, the effect of a specific POR mutation on the activity of a CYP genotype could not be predicted from other CYP genotypes of even the same CYP. When combining one POR SNP with other POR SNPs, a hitherto unrecognized effect of multiple-site POR gene polymorphisms (MSGP) on CYP activity was uncovered, which was not necessarily consistent with the effect of either single POR SNP. Conclusions: The effects of POR SNPs on CYP activities were not only CYP-dependent, but more importantly, CYP genotype-dependent. Moreover, the effect of a POR SNP alone and in combination with other POR SNPs (MSGP) was not always consistent, nor predictable. Understanding the impact of POR gene polymorphisms on drug metabolism necessitates knowing the complete SNP complement of POR and the genotype of the relevant CYPs.
Sodium Butyrate Attenuates Diarrhea in Weaned Piglets and Promotes Tight Junction Protein Expression in Colon in a GPR109A-Dependent Manner
Authors: Feng Wenqian , Wu Yancheng , Chen Guangxin , Fu Shoupeng , Li Bai , Huang Bingxu , Wang Dali , Wang Wei , Liu Juxiong
Published: June 2018

Background/Aims: Butyric acid plays an important role in maintaining intestinal health. Butyric acid has received special attention as a short-chain fatty acid, but its role in protecting the intestinal barrier is poorly characterized. Butyric acid not only provides energy for epithelial cells but also acts as a histone deacetylase inhibitor; it is also a natural ligand for G protein-coupled receptor 109A (GPR109A). A GPR109A analog was expressed in Sus scrofa and mediated the anti-inflammatory effects of beta-hydroxybutyric acid. This study investigated the effects of butyrate on growth performance, diarrhea symptoms, and tight junction protein levels in 21-day-old weaned piglets. We also studied the mechanism by which butyric acid regulates intestinal permeability. Methods: Twenty-four piglets that had been weaned at an age of 21 days were divided randomly into 2 equal groups: basal diet group and sodium butyrate + basal diet group. Diarrhea rate, growth performance during 3 weeks of feeding on these diets were observed, the lactulose-mannitol ratio in urine were detected by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, the expression levels of tight junction proteins in the intestinal tract and related signaling molecules, such as GPR109A and Akt, in the colon were examined by quantitative real-time PCR or western blot analyses on day 21. Caco-2 cells were used as a colon cell model and cultured with or without sodium butyrate to assess the expression of tight junction proteins and the activation of related signaling molecules. GPR109A-short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and specific antagonists of Akt and ERK1/2 were used as signaling pathway inhibitors to elucidate the mechanism by which butyric acid regulates the expression of tight junction proteins and the colonic epithelial barrier. Results: The sodium butyrate diet alleviated diarrhea symptoms and decreased intestinal permeability without affecting the growth of early weaned piglets. The expression levels of the tight junction proteins Claudin-3, Occludin, and zonula occludens 1 were up-regulated by sodium butyrate in the colon and Caco-2 cells. GPR109A knockdown using shRNA or blockade of the Akt signaling pathway in Caco-2 cells suppressed sodium butyrate-induced Claudin-3 expression. Conclusions: Sodium butyrate acts on the Akt signaling pathway to facilitate Claudin-3 expression in the colon in a GPR109A-dependent manner.
Supplementation of Vitamin E Protects Chickens from Newcastle Disease Virus-Mediated Exacerbation of Intestinal Oxidative Stress and Tissue Damage
Authors: Rehman Zaib Ur , Che Luping , Ren Shanhui , Liao Ying , Qiu Xusheng , Yu Shengqing , Sun Yingjie , Tan Lei , Song Cuiping , Liu Weiwei , Ding Zhuang , Munir Muhammad , Nair Venugopal , Meng Chunchun , Ding Chan
Published: June 2018

Background/Aims: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes a highly devastating and contagious disease in poultry, which is mainly attributed to extensive tissue damages in the digestive, respiratory and nervous systems. However, nature and dynamics of NDV-induced oxidative stresses in the intestine of chickens remain elusive. Methods: In this study, we examined the magnitude of intestinal oxidative stress and histopathological changes caused by the virulent NDV infection, and explored the protective roles of vitamin E (vit. E) in ameliorating these pathological changes. For these purposes, chickens were divided into four groups namely i) non supplemented and non-challenged (negative control, CON); ii) no supplementation of vit. E but challenged with ZJ1 (positive control, NS+CHA); iii) vit. E supplementation at the dose of 50 IU/day/Kg body weight and ZJ1 challenge (VE50+CHA); and 4) vit. E supplementation at the dose of 100 IU/day/Kg body weight and ZJ1 challenge (VE100+CHA). In all groups, we analyzed concentrations of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) using biochemical methods. The virus loads were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and antibody titers by hemagglutination inhibition assays. We also examined the histopathological changes in the duodenal and jejunal mucosa at 3 and 5-day post infection (dpi) with NDV. Results: A significant elevation in the NO level was observed in NDV challenged chickens compared to the CON chickens at 2 dpi. The MDA contents were significantly increased whereas GSH was significantly decreased in NDV-challenged chickens compared to control. Furthermore, activities of GST, CAT, SOD, as well as the TOAC were markedly decreased in challenged chickens in comparison with control. Virus copy numbers were higher in NDV infected NS+CHA group compared to other groups. Severe histopathological changes including inflammation, degeneration and broken villi were observed in the intestine of NDV challenged chickens. However, all these malfunctions of antioxidant system and pathological changes in the intestine were partially or completely reversed by the vit. E supplementation. Conclusions: Our results suggest that NDV infection causes oxidative stress and histopathological changes in the duodenum and jejunum of chickens, which can be partially or fully ameliorated by supplementation of vit. E. Additionally, these findings suggest that oxidative stress contributes to the intestinal damages in NDV infected chickens. These findings will help to understand the pathogenesis of NDV and further investigation of therapeutic agents for control of Newcastle disease.
Pathway Analysis Hints Towards Beneficial Effects of Long-Term Vibration on Human Chondrocytes
Authors: Lützenberg Ronald , Solano Kendrick , Buken Christoph , Sahana Jayashree , Riwaldt Stefan , Kopp Sascha , Krüger Marcus , Schulz Herbert , Saar Kathrin , Huebner Norbert , Hemmersbach Ruth , Bauer Johann , Infanger Manfred , Grimm Daniela , Wehland Markus
Published: June 2018

Background/Aims: Spaceflight negatively influences the function of cartilage tissue in vivo. In vitro human chondrocytes exhibit an altered gene expression of inflammation markers after a two-hour exposure to vibration. Little is known about the impact of long-term vibration on chondrocytes. Methods: Human cartilage cells were exposed for up to 24 h (VIB) on a specialised vibration platform (Vibraplex) simulating the vibration profile which occurs during parabolic flights and compared to static control conditions (CON). Afterwards, they were investigated by phase-contrast microscopy, rhodamine phalloidin staining, microarray analysis, qPCR and western blot analysis. Results: Morphological investigations revealed no changes between CON and VIB chondrocytes. F-Actin staining showed no alterations of the cytoskeleton in VIB compared with CON cells. DAPI and TUNEL staining did not identify apoptotic cells. ICAM-1 was elevated and vimentin, beta-tubulin and osteopontin proteins were significantly reduced in VIB compared to CON cells. qPCR of cytoskeletal genes, ITGB1, SOX3, SOX5, SOX9 did not reveal differential regulations. Microarray analysis detected 13 differentially expressed genes, mostly indicating unspecific stimulations. Pathway analyses demonstrated interactions of PSMD4 and CNOT7 with ICAM. Conclusions: Long-term vibration did not damage human chondrocytes in vitro. The reduction of osteopontin protein and the down-regulation of PSMD4 and TBX15 gene expression suggest that in vitro long-term vibration might even positively influence cultured chondrocytes.
The Role of Progesterone in Feto-Maternal Immunological Cross Talk
Authors: Szekeres-Bartho Julia
Published: June 2018

This review aims to provide a brief historical overview of the feto-maternal immunological relationship, which profoundly influences the outcome of pregnancy. The initial question posed in the 1950s by Medawar [Symp Soc Exp Biol. 1953; 7: 320–338] was based on the assumption that the maternal immune system recognizes the fetus as an allograft. Indeed, based on the association between HLA-matching and spontaneous miscarriage, it became obvious that immunological recognition of pregnancy is required for a successful gestation. The restricted expression of polymorphic HLA antigens on the trophoblast, together with the presence of nonpolymorphic MHC products, excludes recognition by both T and NK cells of trophoblast-presented antigens; however, γδ T cells, which constitute the majority of decidual T cells, are likely candidates. Indeed, a high number of activated, progesterone receptor-expressing γδ T cells are present in the peripheral blood of healthy pregnant women and, in the presence of progesterone, these cells secrete an immunomodulatory protein called progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF). As early as in the peri-implantation period, the embryo communicates with the maternal immune system via PIBF containing extracellular vesicles. PIBF contributes to the dominance of Th2-type reactivity which characterizes normal pregnancy by inducing increased production of Th2 cytokines. The high expression of this molecule in the decidua might be one of the reasons for the low cytotoxic activity of decidual NK cells.
Effects of swimming and walking on aspects related to the health of police officers
Authors: Silva Franciele Cascaes da , Arancibia Beatriz Angélica Valdivia , Ferreira Elizandra Gonçalves , Lima Ricardo Moreno , Gutierres Filho Paulo José Barbosa , Silva Rudney Da
Published: June 2018

O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar os efeitos da natação e caminhada após 24 semanas de treinamento sobre os indicadores antropométricos de obesidade, atividade física, risco coronariano e com qualidade de vida relacionada á saúde entre os policiais militares do estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. A amostra incluiu 51 policiais militares (sexo masculino) que tinham média de idade de 35,53 ± 7,63 anos, com amplitude de 22 a 49 anos, e que preencheram os critérios de inclusão do estudo realizado entre os meses de junho-dezembro de 2012. Os sujeitos foram entrevistados e coletados os dados demográficos e ocupacionais, antropometria, nível de atividade física e saúde. Os voluntários foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com a sua preferência: Grupo Experimental de Natação (n = 24); Grupo Experimental de Caminhada (n = 24); e Grupo Controle (n = 24). As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando análise descritiva e Anova One-Way e Anova Two-Way seguido pelo post hoc de Bonferroni, teste t de Student, teste de Kruskal-Wallis e o teste U de Mann-Whitney seguido pela correção de Bonferroni, o teste de Wilcoxon, e teste d de Cohen. Houve uma diferença significativa na perimetria da cintura, índice de conicidade e relação cintura-estatura, atividade física no trabalho, atividades vigorosas e risco coronariano no grupo natação e no grupo de caminhada, houve uma diferença significativa no percentual de gordura, massa magra e massa gorda após 24 semanas de treinamento. O programa de natação contribuiu para reduções significativas na circunferência da perimetria da cintura, índice de conicidade e relação cintura-estatura e risco coronariano e no aumento dos níveis de atividade física no trabalho e atividades vigorosas. Além disso, um programa de caminhada contribuiu para reduções significativas na gordura corporal relativa e massa gorda e no aumento da massa magra entre os policiais militares.
Influência da gordura corporal no desempenho do salto com contramovimento em judocas de diferentes categorias de peso
Authors: Athayde Marina Saldanha da Silva , Detanico Daniele , Kons Rafael Lima
Published: June 2018

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influência da gordura corporal nos parâmetros cinéticos do salto vertical em judocas de diferentes categorias. Participaram deste estudo 48 judocas do sexo masculino agrupados por categorias: 55-60 kg/60-66 kg (ligeiro/meio-leve), 66-73 kg/73-81 kg (leve/meio-médio) e 81-90 kg/90-100 kg (médio/meio-pesado). Os judocas realizaram saltos verticais countermovement jump (CMJ) sobre uma plataforma de força, sendo analisadas as variáveis de desempenho (altura do salto e potência), força máxima e pico de velocidade. Para análise dos dados foi utilizada análise de variância (ANOVA) e análise de covariância (ANCOVA) com o percentual de gordura como covariável. Para todos os testes foi utilizado p < 0,05. Os principais resultados mostraram que os atletas de categorias mais pesadas (81-90 kg/90-100 kg) apresentaram maior percentual de gordura (p < 0,05) e somatório de dobras (p < 0,05) quando comparado às demais categorias (55-60 kg/60-66 kg e 66-73 kg/73-81 kg). Foi encontrado menor desempenho nos judocas mais pesados em quase todas as variáveis do CMJ quando comparados com judocas de categorias mais leves, com destaque para altura do salto (55-60 kg/60-66 kg = 46,78 ± 6,05 cm; 66-73 kg/73-81 kg = 47,42 ± 4,39 cm; 81-90 kg/90-100 kg = 42,11 ± 4,11; p < 0,05). Porém, quando retirada a influência do percentual de gordura as diferenças desapareceram para a maioria das variáveis (p > 0,05). Pode-se concluir que judocas de categorias mais leves apresentaram valores superiores na maioria das variáveis do CMJ (altura do salto, potência e velocidade) quando comparados com atletas de categorias mais pesadas. Esses resultados parecem ser influenciados pelo menor percentual de gordura dos judocas mais leves.
High-level female volleyball: analysis of the attack on Superleague Female
Authors: Costa Gustavo De Conti Teixeira , Freire Auro Barreiros
Published: June 2018

O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de analisar a relação entre o tempo e tipo de ataque com o efeito do ataque (eficácia) na Superliga Feminina. Para tal, recorreu-se à análise e observação de 11 jogos, obtendo um total de 1831 ações de ataque. As variáveis investigadas foram o tipo de ataque realizado, o tempo de ataque e o efeito do ataque. A apreciação da análise inferencial dos dados recolhidos, por meio do quiquadrado, constatou que existiu uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre o tipo de ataque e o efeito do ataque (X 2 =577,967; p=0,000), bem como entre o tempo de ataque e o efeito do ataque (X 2 =26,606; p=0,003). A associação entre o tipo de ataque e o efeito do ataque permitiu verificar que o ataque na diagonal foi o mais recorrente e que o ataque colocado permitiu que ocorresse mais do que o esperado a continuidade do jogo. Com relação ao tempo de ataque observou-se que, embora o ataque de 3º tempo ter sido o mais recorrente, houve associação do ponto com o ataque de 1º tempo. Assim o presente estudo permitiu concluir que, para a população analisada, o ataque potente mostrou-se mais recorrente. Além disso, a predominância de um jogo mais lento (3º tempo) favoreceu a continuidade do jogo, entretanto, quando o mesmo foi efetuado com mais velocidade verificou-se o aumento da possibilidade de sucesso no ataque.
Knowledge and attitudes of dentists regarding the treatment of renal transplant patients
Authors: Caliento Rubens , Shibutani Patrícia P. , Souza Amábile O. , Gallottini Marina
Published: June 2018

Objectives: the objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of dentists towards the dental treatment of renal transplant patients through questionnaires. Methods: a total of 416 dentists were interviewed and respon­ded 10 multiple-choice questions. Results: most participants (214/416; 51.4%) felt uncomfortable extracting teeth in renal transplant patients. The great majority (354/416, 85%) would prescribe prophylactic antibiotics before simple dental extraction, whereas 43% would prescribe antibiotics, even before non-invasive procedures. Conclusions: our data showed that the interviewed dentists are unfamiliar with the management of renal transplant patients and most of them would prescribe prophylactic antibiotics inappropriately, despite the inexistence of scientific evidence supporting this practice.
Genetic Regulation of Fibroblast Activation and Proliferation in Cardiac Fibrosis
Authors: Park Shuin , Ranjbarvaziri Sara , Lay Fides D. , Zhao Peng , Miller Mark J. , Dhaliwal Jasmeet S. , Huertas-Vazquez Adriana , Wu Xiuju , Qiao Rong , Soffer Justin M. , Rau Christoph , Wang Yibin , Mikkola Hanna K.A. , Lusis Aldons J. , Ardehali Reza
Published: June 2018

Background:

Genetic diversity and the heterogeneous nature of cardiac fibroblasts (CFbs) have hindered characterization of the molecular mechanisms that regulate cardiac fibrosis. The Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel offers a valuable tool to examine genetically diverse cardiac fibroblasts and their role in fibrosis.

Methods:

Three strains of mice (C57BL/6J, C3H/HeJ, and KK/HlJ) were selected from the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel and treated with either isoproterenol (ISO) or saline by an intraperitoneally implanted osmotic pump. After 21 days, cardiac function and levels of fibrosis were measured by echocardiography and trichrome staining, respectively. Activation and proliferation of CFbs were measured by in vitro and in vivo assays under normal and injury conditions. RNA sequencing was done on isolated CFbs from each strain. Results were analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and validated by reverse transcription-qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA.

Results:

ISO treatment in C57BL/6J, C3H/HeJ, and KK/HlJ mice resulted in minimal, moderate, and extensive levels of fibrosis, respectively (n=7–8 hearts per condition). Isolated CFbs treated with ISO exhibited strain-specific increases in the levels of activation but showed comparable levels of proliferation. Similar results were found in vivo, with fibroblast activation, and not proliferation, correlating with the differential levels of cardiac fibrosis after ISO treatment. RNA sequencing revealed that CFbs from each strain exhibit unique gene expression changes in response to ISO. We identified
Ltbp2
as a commonly upregulated gene after ISO treatment. Expression of LTBP2 was elevated and specifically localized in the fibrotic regions of the myocardium after injury in mice and in human heart failure patients.

Conclusions:

This study highlights the importance of genetic variation in cardiac fibrosis by using multiple inbred mouse strains to characterize CFbs and their response to ISO treatment. Our data suggest that, although fibroblast activation is a response that parallels the extent of scar formation, proliferation may not necessarily correlate with levels of fibrosis. In addition, by comparing CFbs from multiple strains, we identified pathways as potential therapeutic targets and LTBP2 as a marker for fibrosis, with relevance to patients with underlying myocardial fibrosis.
ASIC Implementation of a Nonlinear Dynamical Model for Hippocampal Prosthesis
Authors: Qiao Zhitong , Han Yan , Han Xiaoxia , Xu Han , Li Will X. Y. , Song Dong , Berger Theodore W. , Cheung Ray C. C.
Published: June 2018

A hippocampal prosthesis is a very large scale integration (VLSI) biochip that needs to be implanted in the biological brain to solve a cognitive dysfunction. In this letter, we propose a novel low-complexity, small-area, and low-power programmable hippocampal neural network application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for a hippocampal prosthesis. It is based on the nonlinear dynamical model of the hippocampus: namely multi-input, multi-output (MIMO)–generalized Laguerre-Volterra model (GLVM). It can realize the real-time prediction of hippocampal neural activity. New hardware architecture, a storage space configuration scheme, low-power convolution, and gaussian random number generator modules are proposed. The ASIC is fabricated in 40 nm technology with a core area of 0.122 mm[Formula: see text] and test power of 84.4 [Formula: see text]W. Compared with the design based on the traditional architecture, experimental results show that the core area of the chip is reduced by 84.94% and the core power is reduced by 24.30%.
A New Foreperiod Effect on Intertrial Phase Coherence. Part I: Existence and Behavioral Relevance
Authors: Rapela Joaquin , Westerfield Marissa , Townsend Jeanne
Published: June 2018

This letter makes scientific and methodological contributions. Scientifically, it demonstrates a new and behaviorally relevant effect of temporal expectation on the phase coherence of the electroencephalogram (EEG). Methodologically, it introduces novel methods to characterize EEG recordings at the single-trial level. Expecting events in time can lead to more efficient behavior. A remarkable finding in the study of temporal expectation is the foreperiod effect on reaction time, that is, the influence on reaction time of the delay between a warning signal and a succeeding imperative stimulus to which subjects are instructed to respond as quickly as possible. Here we study a new foreperiod effect in an audiovisual attention-shifting oddball task in which attention-shift cues directed the attention of subjects to impendent deviant stimuli of a given modality and therefore acted as warning signals for these deviants. Standard stimuli, to which subjects did not respond, were interspersed between warning signals and deviants. We hypothesized that foreperiod durations modulated intertrial phase coherence (ITPC, the degree of phase alignment across multiple trials) evoked by behaviorally irrelevant standards and that these modulations are behaviorally meaningful. Using averaged data, we first observed that ITPC evoked by standards closer to the warning signal was significantly different from that evoked by standards further away from it, establishing a new foreperiod effect on ITPC evoked by standards. We call this effect the standard foreperiod (SFP) effect on ITPC. We reasoned that if the SFP influences ITPC evoked by standards, it should be possible to decode the former from the latter on a trial-by-trial basis. We were able to do so showing that this effect can be observed in single trials. We demonstrated the behavioral relevance of the SFP effect on ITPC by showing significant correlations between its strength and subjects' behavioral performance.
What is Protestant Art
Authors: Coates Andrew T.
Published: June 2018

What is Protestant Art?offers a brief introduction to the field of Protestant visual culture. It argues that the diversity of images and visual practices throughout Protestant history might better be described by the term ‘visual culture’ than the term ‘art.’ Examining images from the Reformation to the twentieth century, this review essay showcases the breadth of ways Protestants have put images to work in their religious practices. Containing dozens of illustrations,What is Protestant Art?provides the reader with an overview of current research on Protestant visual culture, as well as discussions of representative examples from five hundred years of Protestant imagery.
Cryptic diversity of stygobiotic shrimp genus Xiphocaridinella Sadowsky, 1930 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae): the first case of species co-occurrence in the same cave system in the Western Caucasus
Authors: MARIN IVAN
Published: June 2018

DNA barcoding of stygobiotic shrimps of the genus Xiphocaridinella Sadowsky, 1930 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) collected in underground streams flowing inside two neighboring large karst caves (Otap and Abrskil сaves) revealed the presence of two distinct genetic lineages representing the first case of species co-occurrence in the Western Caucasus. The paper presents the complete morphological re-description of stygobiotic atyid shrimp Xiphocaridinella ablaskiri (Birštein, 1939) and the description of a new species using genetic and morphological analysis. Other known cases of co-occurrence of several stygobiotic shrimp species in the same cave system as well as new genetic data (COI mtDNA) on Western Caucasian species of the genus Xiphocaridinella are discussed in the paper.
Taxonomy of the genus Doryllium Cobb, 1920 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) with description of two new and a known species
Authors: AHMAD WASIM , AHAD SUMAYA , ISLAM MD. NIRAUL , STURHAN DIETER
Published: June 2018

Two new and a known species of the genus Doryllium Cobb, 1920 are described and illustrated. Doryllium enigmatum n. sp. is characterized by a body length of 0.40–0.52 mm; continuous lip region; rounded lips; asymmetrical odontostyle, 5–6 µm long, and flanged odontophore 9–11 µm in length; pharynx with slender anterior part which expands into a slightly constricted pyriform basal bulb, occupying about 16–18% of total neck length; mono-opisthodelphic female genital system; 7–9 μm long anterior uterine sac; transverse vulva and rounded-hemispheroid tail. Doryllium asymmetricum n. sp. is characterized by its 0.52–0.63 mm long body; cap-like, slightly offset lip region; asymmetrical odontostyle, 6 µm in length and 9–11 µm long odontophore with weak flanges; pharynx with slender anterior part which expands gradually into pear-shaped basal bulb, occupying about 16.4–18.5% of total neck length; mono-opisthodelphic female genital system; anterior uterine sac 17–30 μm in length, filled with sperms; transverse vulva and rounded-hemispheroid tail. D. minor is redescribed based on specimens collected from several localities in India and Germany. The diagnosis of the genus Doryllium is emended and a valid list of species with their synonymies and a diagnostic compendium of all the known species is provided.
Agalma clausi (Bedot, 1888) (Siphonophora: Physonectae)—complementary description with notes on species distribution and ecology
Authors: MAŃKO MACIEJ K. , PUGH PHILIP R.
Published: June 2018

Siphonophores are colonial hydrozoans, which in spite of often growing to great lengths are an inconspicuous and understudied component of pelagic ecosystems. Although they are widely distributed, many species have rarely been collected, or often been misidentified so their taxonomy still requires some clarification. Here we redescribe one such species, Agalma clausi Bedot, 1888, supplementing information on its morphology, ecology and distribution based on the material collected in the tropical sector of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas. We also provide comments on the probable status of another Agalma species, A. haeckeli Bigelow, 1911.
Technology Use Typologies and Psychological Adjustment During Adolescence
Authors: Ohannessian Christine M. , Vannucci Anna
Published: June 2018

The primary purpose of this study was to identify subgroups of adolescents based on their reported use of technology. Secondary aims were to examine whether technology use typologies differ by gender and to explore whether technology use typologies are linked to psychological adjustment. The sample included 1,003 10th and 11th grade students from U.S. high schools. Participating adolescents completed a survey in school. Latent class analysis (LCA) revealed three subgroups for adolescent girls and boys. Both girls and boys were characterized by a HIGH overall use subgroup and a LOW overall use subgroup. For the third subgroup, girls were characterized by high social-entertainment device use (SOC-ENT), whereas boys were characterized by high video game and computer use (VG-COMP). These subgroups were differentially related to self-competence and internalizing symptoms (depression and anxiety). Findings from this study highlight the importance of examining typologies of technology use by gender during adolescence.
Matching Services to Criminogenic Needs Following Comprehensive Risk Assessment Implementation in Juvenile Probation
Authors: Nelson Rebecca J. , Vincent Gina M.
Published: June 2018

One emphasis of juvenile justice reform has been implementation of risk assessment instruments to improve case planning. This study examined the ability of juvenile probation departments to apply the risk-needs-responsivity (RNR) framework into case planning following a comprehensive implementation protocol. Data were collected on 385 adolescent offenders across three probation departments following implementation of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk for Youth (SAVRY) and an RNR-related case planning policy. As expected, as risk levels of youth increased, probation departments assigned more services and addressed more criminogenic need areas in their case plans. Most case plans (86%) adhered to the policy to limit the number of needs addressed at one time. The quality of service-to-need matching varied by criminogenic need area, risk level, and site. Implications to juvenile courts’ and probation officers’ case planning and the challenges of research on service-to-need matching are discussed.
Positive Health Benefits of Peer Support and Connections for College Students With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Saylor Jennifer , Lee Sara , Ness Michelle , Ambrosino Jodie M. , Ike Emily , Ziegler Melissa , Roth Christina L. , Calamaro Christina
Published: June 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics and health outcomes of college students with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) as it relates to membership in a local university-based diabetes student organization.

Methods

This descriptive, correlational research design is a secondary analysis of data. The sample consisted of nationally representative young adults in college (n = 317) between 18 and 30 years of age who were diagnosed with T1DM. Data were collected during April 2017 using a secure electronic diabetes management survey to inquire about self-reported barriers to diabetes management, hypoglycemia, and diabetic ketoacidosis of members of a diabetes organization.

Results

Students were evenly distributed from freshman to senior year of college with a slight decrease at the graduate level. Students who were affiliated members of a student-led diabetes student organization were less likely to report increased levels of isolation, depressive symptoms, and anxiety related to their diabetes than were general members.

Conclusion

Participation in a university-based diabetes student organization on campus and connecting with other college students with diabetes may have health benefits. In conclusion, the current study underscores the potential importance of peer-led, diabetes-specific support for adolescents emerging into adulthood.
Who Is Most Likely to Wear Rose-Colored Glasses? How Regulatory Mode Moderates Self-Flattery
Authors: Komissarouk Svetlana , Chernikova Marina , Kruglanski Arie W. , Higgins E. Tory
Published: June 2018

In general, people prefer to view themselves positively. But some individuals are more prone to self-flattery than others, that is, holding an unjustifiably high opinion of oneself. Applying regulatory mode theory, we identify motivational factors that predict which individuals are and are not prone to self-flattery. In four studies, using both chronic (Studies 1-3) and experimental (Study 4) conditions, we found that those with high locomotion concerns about effecting change (control) are more inclined to flatter themselves, whereas those with high assessment concerns about making the right choices (truth) are less inclined to flatter themselves. The relation between stronger locomotion and greater self-flattery, and stronger assessment and lesser self-flattery, was mediated by locomotors’ low self-criticism and assessors’ high self-criticism. These results shed light on how locomotion and assessment differ in the motivation to flatter oneself.
Long-term survival after R0 resection of thymoma
Authors: Koçer Bulent , Kaplan Tevfik , Günal Nesimi , Koçer Bilge Gönenli , Akkaş Yucel , Yazkan Rasih , Dural Koray , Kulaçoğlu Sezer , Han Serdar
Published: June 2018

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of R0 resection of thymoma to identify prognostic factors for long-term outcomes.

Methods

Data of 62 patients (28 male, 34 female) with a mean age of 47.26 ± 14.42 years, who underwent R0 resection for thymoma and were followed-up between February 2004 and March 2016, were analyzed retrospectively.

Results

Eight patients had a video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy and 54 had a transsternal extended thymectomy. During a mean follow-up of 128.67 ± 7.95 months, regional recurrence of thymoma was observed in 9 (14.5%) patients. Overall 5- and 10-year survival rates were 85.36% and 78.20%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year survival rates in patients aged < 50 years were significantly better than in those aged ≥ 50 years (92% and 72% vs. 88% and 39%, p < 0.0001). The 10-year overall survival of patients in Masaoka stage I and II was better than those in stage III (88.9%, 78.4%, 69.8%, respectively, log-rank p < 0.001). The 10-year survival of patients with World Health Organization histological type A, AB, and B1 thymomas was better than those with type B2 and B3 (log-rank test p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, age < 50 years ( p = 0.001), Masaoka stage ( p = 0.006), histological type ( p = 0.001), and recurrence ( p = 0.04) were independent prognostic factors for survival.

Conclusion

Our study indicates that age < 50 years, Masaoka stage, histological type, and recurrence are the determinants of survival in surgically resected cases of thymoma.
Fate of the tributaries of sapheno femoral junction following endovenous thermal ablation of incompetent axial vein – A review article
Authors: Anwar Muzaffar A , Idrees Madeeha , Aswini Misro , Theivacumar Nadarajah S
Published: June 2018

Sapheno femoral junctional tributaries are usually left untreated at the time of endovenous ablation of axial vein. The long-term clinical significance of these untreated tributaries remains elusive and there is very little research done into this area. This article reviews the fate of untreated tributaries at sapheno femoral junction following ablation of incompetent axial vein. A literature search and analysis of evidence reveal that the junctional tributaries are one of the commonest (ranges between 8% and 31%) cause for recurrence following endovenous ablation of the axial veins. Follow up of this subset of patients after their axial vein treatment should be considered to identify neoreflux in side branches at sapheno femoral junction and plan treatment.
Effect of water glass coating of tricalcium phosphate on in vitro cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation
Authors: Ryu Seung Min , Kim Suk Young , Song In Hwan , Ahn Myun Whan , Lee Chan Hee , Jeon Jae Hui , Sae Ahn Hyo
Published: June 2018

Background

In this study, the properties of the water glass (WG, sodium-silicate glass) were utilized to control the biodegradability of the beta tricalcium phosphate materials by the WG coating on the tricalcium phosphate disc surface with various coating thickness, chemistry, and heat-treatment.

Methods

Four types of disc specimens were prepared. A sample group A consisted of pure hydroxyapatite (HA) as a negative resorption control; a sample group B consisted of pure beta tricalcium phosphate as a positive resorption control; a sample group C consisted of beta tricalcium phosphate coated with WG as an early resorption model; and a sample group D consisted beta tricalcium phosphate coated with WG and heat-treated at 500°C as a delayed resorption model. Using human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells, for the analysis of cellular attachment and proliferative activity, 4–6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole fluorescence technique was used. For the analysis of osteteogenic differentiation, alkaline phospastase (ALP) activity was measured.

Results

The mean z-scores of four groups (A, B, C, and D) in cellular attachment at 4 h after seeding were −1.21, −0.15, 0.42, and 0.94, respectively, and statistically significantly different in all groups respectively. Seven days after seeding, the mean z-scores of cellular proliferation were 1.97, 0.71, 1.48, and 1.83 in the four groups, respectively. The mean z-scores of the ALP activity per the mean z-scores of cell numbers of respective groups on the seventh day were 0.40, −1.51, 0.12, and 0.06, respectively, in four groups.

Conclusion

Initial cellular attachment is better on beta tricalcium phosphate than on HA and is enhanced by WG coating, especially with sintering at the high temperature. Cellular proliferation is considered to be increased by maintaining its attachment site through reduced dissolution of beta tricalcium phosphate by WG coating. Osteogenic differentiation in in-vitro study on the WG-coated beta tricalcium phosphate is thought to be as the result of increased silicon ion release from the WG.