bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fragmentation in Seagrass Canopies Can Alter Hydrodynamics and Sediment Deposition Rates
Authors: Serra Teresa , Gracias Nuno , Hendriks Iris E.
Published: December 2020

Seagrasses are valuable coastal ecosystems that protect the seabed from waves and currents. They are threatened by predominately anthropogenic activities which are causing their decline in many regions, often converting large continuous meadows into highly fragmented ones with gaps or bare sand interspersed within the meadows. To evaluate the impact fragmentation is having on the meadows’ capacity to attenuate waves, the hydrodynamics in four meadows with different fragmentation were studied by measuring wave velocity and turbulent kinetic energy. In our study area, as gap size increases, both the turbulent kinetic energy and wave velocity increase in the center of the gaps. However, although wave attenuation varied between the different fragmentation levels, no clear trend was found for wave attenuation or the level of fragmentation. Simply put, neither wave velocity nor turbulent kinetic energy presented significant trends with the fragmentation levels of the canopy on larger scales. Therefore, within the spatial and temporal limitation of this study, fragmentation on a landscape scale did not affect the hydrodynamics within the gaps. Furthermore, as with hydrodynamics, sedimentation rates also increased with gap size, but did not show differences at the landscape level with the fragmentation levels of the meadows.
Distributions of Groundwater Age under Climate Change of Thailand’s Lower Chao Phraya Basin
Authors: Tanachaichoksirikun Pinit , Seeboonruang Uma
Published: December 2020

Groundwater is important for daily life, because it is the largest freshwater source for domestic use and industrial consumption. Sustainable groundwater depends on many parameters: climate change is one factor, which leads to floods and droughts. Distribution of groundwater age indicates groundwater velocity, recharge rate and risk assessment. We developed transient 3D mathematical models, i.e., MODFLOW and MODPATH, to measure the distributions of groundwater age, impacted by climate change (IPSL-CM5A-MR), based on representative concentration pathways, defined in terms of atmospheric CO2 concentration, e.g., 2.6 to 8.5, for the periods 2020 to 2099. The distributions of groundwater age varied from 100 to 100,000 years, with the mean groundwater age ~11,000 years, generated by climate led change in recharge to and pumping from the groundwater. Interestingly, under increasing recharge scenarios, the mean age, in the groundwater age distribution, decreased slightly in the shallow aquifers, but increased in deep aquifers, indicating that the new water was in shallow aquifers. On the other hand, under decreasing recharge scenarios, groundwater age increased significantly, both shallow and deep aquifers, because the decrease in recharge caused longer residence times and lower velocity flows. However, the overall mean groundwater age gradually increased, because the groundwater mixed in both shallow and deep aquifers. Decreased recharge, in simulation, led to increased groundwater age; thus groundwater may become a nonrenewable groundwater. Nonrenewable groundwater should be carefully managed, because, if old groundwater is pumped, it cannot be restored, with a detriment to human life.
A constitucionalidade da extração compulsória de material genético para fins de prova na persecução penal
Authors: Danielski Chrystopher Augusto
Published: December 2020

Nos feitos de natureza penal, é comum que a autoridade policial venha a se deparar com vestígios biológicos capazes de apontar a autoria do delito. A título exemplificativo, podem-se citar sêmen em crimes sexuais, células do agressor sob as unhas da vítima ou mesmo sangue do delinquente ao tentar se evadir pela vidraça de uma moradia. Contudo, diante de um alargamento interpretativo, extremado do princípio da presunção de inocência, há grande dificuldade em se proceder ao cotejo entre eventual material genético encontrado e a pessoa do investigado, tudo sob a justificativa da proteção que lhe é dada em não produzir prova contra si, revestindo-o com um escudo de impunidade. Em tal cenário, busca-se estabelecer diferenciação entre a produção de prova autoincriminatória e a tolerância de prova, esta última, entende-se, contornada pelos limites constitucionais.
O reconhecimento da agravante da reincidência quando não alegada no plenário do Tribunal do Júri
Authors: Da Silva Paulo Henrique Lorenzetti
Published: December 2020

A Lei n. 11.689/2008, que alterou o rito do Tribunal do Júri, no que tange à prolação da sentença, após os debates no plenário, trouxe nova redação ao artigo 492 do Código de Processo Penal, nos seguintes termos: “Em seguida, o presidente proferirá sentença que: I – no caso de condenação: [...] b) considerará as circunstâncias agravantes ou atenuantes alegadas nos debates”. Todavia, na fase de preparação do processo para o julgamento em plenário (art. 422 do Código de Processo Penal), a acusação e a defesa, no prazo de cinco dias, podem requerer diligências. Nessa etapa processual, via de regra, o Ministério Público requer a certificação dos antecedentes criminais do réu, a fim de demonstrar nos autos a reincidência. Já em plenário, durante a fase de debates, a acusação, representada pelo Ministério Público, expõe aos jurados as provas relativas à materialidade e à autoria do fato, além de refutar as teses defensivas e demonstrar a existência, quando for o caso, das qualificadoras do crime. Dessa forma, este trabalho analisa a possibilidade ou não de aplicação da agravante da reincidência, caso tal circunstância não tenha sido alegada durante os debates. A questão é controversa na jurisprudência catarinense, razão pela qual é necessário debater o tema.
As inovações jurisprudenciais advindas do dano moral coletivo: uma análise sobre sua aplicação no direito brasileiro
Authors: Penzo Betti Neto Alexandre
Published: December 2020

Os anseios da sociedade contemporânea desencadearam uma evolução no instituto do dano moral e ampliaram sua incidência, a fim de tutelar situações que envolvam direitos difusos e coletivos. Assim, surgiu o que a doutrina denomina de dano moral coletivo. É a partir da efetivação do conceito desse novel instituto – ainda em construção, que o presente estudo se insere. O artigo se propõe a realizar uma averiguação acerca do papel do dano moral coletivo no ordenamento jurídico, tendo em vista as particularidades inerentes aos direitos metaindividuais, analisando-se o seu reconhecimento e aplicação nos precedentes do Superior Tribunal de Justiça.
ADVANCED DISTANCE EMPLOYMENT AS A TREND: PROBLEMS, SOLUTIONS, PROSPECTS
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Voronezh Institute of High Technologies, Voronezh, Russia, Kolesnikova O.A. , A.A. Strebkov A.A. ,   Voronezh Institute of High Technologies, Voronezh, Russia
Published: December 2020

The object of the research is the modern domestic labor market. The aim of the work is to determine the prospects for distance employment considering overcoming potential risks and threats. The methods employed are statistical analysis, analysis of scientific literature, analysis of the results of sociological research and Internet sources. The study result shows the change in the structure of employment due to emerging and fast distribution of its non-standard forms, specific to the information and post-industrial society. The authors proved that this process has both pronounced positive consequences (first of all, an increase in employment efficiency) and negative (instability of employment, precarization of the able-bodied economically active population, etc.). The authors highlight the current features of the modern Russian labor market, which determine distributing of distance employment and show that advanced distance employment is based on a simultaneous change in communication technologies and motivations of professional and labor behavior of the population. The conclusion is that the development of distance employment is determined by a complex of factors, including not only technological, but also economic, social, psychological, institutional ones. To expand distance employment, both objective (state of the economy) and subjective (attitude of employers) prerequisites. The study results may be of use for managing labor resources and the labor market in general, considering overcoming potential risks and threats, as well as based on the most promising forms of employment in modern conditions.
Resident Macrophages in Cystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Li Zhang , Zimmerman Kurt A. , Yoder Bradley K.
Published: December 2020

Interstitial inflammation is an important feature of cystic kidney disease. Renal macrophages are the most well-studied inflammatory cell in the kidney, and their involvement in cyst formation has been reported in different animal models and patients with cystic kidney disease. Originally, it was believed that renal macrophages were maintained from a constant supply of bone marrow–derived circulating monocytes, and could be recruited to the kidney in response to local inflammation. However, this idea has been challenged using fate-mapping methods, by showing that at least two distinct developmental origins of macrophages are present in the adult mouse kidney. The first type, infiltrating macrophages, are recruited from circulating monocytes and gradually develop macrophage properties on entering the kidney. The second, resident macrophages, predominantly originate from embryonic precursors, colonize the kidney during its development, and proliferate in situ to maintain their population throughout adulthood. Infiltrating and resident macrophages work together to maintain homeostasis and properly respond to pathologic conditions, such as AKI, cystic kidney disease, or infection. This review will briefly summarize current knowledge of resident macrophages in cystic kidney disease.
Kur’an-ı Kerim’in Kürtçe Tercümeleri ve Zazaca İlk Kur’an-ı Kerim Tercümesinin Dilbilimsel Analizi
Authors: KIRKAN Ahmet
Published: December 2020

Kur’an Müslümanların kutsal kitabı olmasından dolayı, İslamiyet’in farklı milletlerin arasında yayılmaya başlamasından sonra yoğun bir şekilde tercüme edilmeye başlanmıştır. Dünyanın birçok diline tercüme edilen Kur’an, kısa süre önce de Zazacaya tercüme edilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı Zazaca Kur’an tercümesinin dilbilim kriterleri açısından incelenmesidir. Çalışmada kutsal kitap tercümelerinin genel bir çerçevesi çizilmiş, Kürtçe tercümelerin değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Zazaca tercüme, çeviri bilim ve genel dilbilim kuralları açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Eldeki Kur’an tercümesi Zazaca ilk tercüme olmasından dolayı önemlidir. Klasik edebiyatta bazı ayetler fragman olarak çevrilmişse de Kur’an’ın tamamı Zazacaya tercüme edilmemiştir. Yapılacak değerlendirme, yapılacak tercümelerin önüne açmaya ve geliştirmeye yöneliktir.
Estimated EEDI versus calculated EEDI using S/P trials for a chemical oil tanker
Authors: Bosoanca Ioan
Published: December 2020

"A cleaner environment to prevent dramatic climate changes is
the goal of nowadays. Efforts to achieve this goal in marine field
have been made by designers, shipbuilders, stakeholders, charterers and owners. Regarding the latest requirements, in the revised edition of ISO 15016 - 2015, see [2], has been shown the Marine Environment Protection Committee by IMO Resolution MEPC 214 (63) delivered a mandatory Guideline for ships, applied for survey and certification of attained EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) for every new ships. Romanian designers and shipbuilders made special efforts to update this ship to the new rules of MEPC, having the goal to reduce marine pollution even this type of ship is in disadvantage regarding container vessels, where reducing speed is very easy with slow steamer technology. The paper presents the estimation of the attained EEDI onboard a new 40500 dwt Chemical Oil Tanker versus EEDI calculated on the basis of S/P trials."
Noise report onboard of cargo vessel
Authors: Hulea Elena Gabriela , Mocanu Costel Iulian
Published: December 2020

"Regarding the increasing demands for a low noise environment
onboard ships, the classification societies introduced the measurement of noise levels onboard every ship not only for the first ship, no matter the type and size above 1600 gross tonnage. That why is necessary a good collaboration of all the parties involved in the construction of ships from designers, shipbuilders, till owners. This article describes the measurements technique used for obtaining the noise levels onboard a cargo vessel, to obtain the approval of Classification society-"
Hydrodynamics characteristics of the small ships rudders
Authors: Obreja Dan
Published: December 2020

The estimation of the hydrodynamics characteristics of the small ships rudders is an important issue in the initial design process. The manoeuvring performance depends on the type and geometry of the rudder. The control forces and moments generated by the rudder deflection can be calculated on the basis of the hydrodynamics characteristics of the rudder. A short description of the Mordvinov theoretical model is presented in this paper, in order to determine the hydrodynamics characteristics of a small ship rudder, with the propeller and hull influences. On the basis of the control forces and moments, the optimum position of the rudder stock and the selection of the steering gear can be performed. Using the Mordvinov method, the computer code PHP NM-MAN-HC was develop at the Research Centre of the Naval Architecture Faculty of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. This computer code is integrated in the software platform PHP (Preliminary Hydrodynamics Performance) and is used for didactic applications and practical research activities in the small ship design process
Verification and validation study for a hydrofoil mounted on a plate
Authors: Ungureanu Costel , Mocanu Costel Iulian
Published: December 2020

"The junction flow between an hydrofoil and a plate is manifested by
the generation of vortex structures as a result of the interaction between the boundary layer on the plate and the boundary layer on the profile. Two benchmark tests have been identified in the literature: one for the flat plate, and the other for the NACA 0012 profile. The Verification and Validation study for both hydrofoil and flat plate was performed by testing all turbulence model implemented in Ansys Fluent and results are compared with the experimental ones."
organizaciones de derecha y la violencia paraestatal en la Argentina. Un siglo de relaciones, afinidades y complicidades con el Estado
Authors: Besoky Juan Luis , López Cantera Mercedes
Published: December 2020

Distintos intereses han marcado la orientación de los estudios dedicados al desarrollo de las derechas en el siglo XX argentino. Tradiciones intelectuales, redes, organizaciones, vínculos transnacionales y la articulación con diversos actores y agencias, han permitido reconstruir al conjunto de protagonistas que hemos de ubicar dentro del amplio abanico de valores e ideas que asociamos con las identidades políticas que engloba esa clasificación. Esta reconstrucción contribuyó tanto a la caracterización del objeto derechas en sí mismo, como a la comprensión de otros procesos o fenómenos donde las mismas se encontraron involucradas. El Estado fue uno de los interlocutores con el que las derechas establecieron vínculos que, en la mayoría de los casos estudiados, expresaron coincidencias en el desarrollo de proyectos y objetivos políticos. Uno de los elementos destacados que conformó esa intersección ha sido la represión, y dentro de la misma, la violencia paraestatal y cómo la derecha ha confluido en su desarrollo, emergen como aquellas preocupaciones que constituyen el punto de partida de este dossier.
Liga Patriótica en el territorio pampeano. Notas sobre el accionar y el discurso represivos contra la clase trabajadora (1919-1922)
Authors: Gómez Magalí , Salvarredi Federico
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo analiza los mecanismos represivos y los dispositivos discursivos e ideológicos utilizados por la Liga Patriótica en el Territorio Nacional de La Pampa, con el propósito de realizar un aporte a la historiografía que, desde diversos enfoques, ha estudiado el accionar de esta organización. Buscamos hacer una aproximación a las formas que tomaron las prácticas represivas paraestatales contra los trabajadores movilizados durante el período 1919-1922. Para ello indagamos en la relación existente entre la Liga, las elites y las instituciones estatales, como la policía y el poder judicial del Territorio. Con este objetivo, estudiamos los casos de la represión contra los estibadores en las localidades pampeanas de Vértiz, en 1919, y Alpachiri, en 1921. Sostenemos que la Liga Patriótica, para instrumentar su represión, recurrió a la policía y al poder judicial territorial, quienes aplicaron en varias oportunidades, la ley de Defensa Social, dentro de la política represiva antimaximalista. Para realizar tal estudio acudimos a diversas fuentes (legislativas, periodísticas, prensas obreras, documentos policiales y judiciales), y analizamos los ideologemas con que se justificaba la represión, así como los mecanismos policiales y judiciales con que se efectivizó la misma.
Servicios de Información, represión política, y violencia paraestatal durante el primer peronismo
Authors: Bartolucci Mónica Inés
Published: December 2020

Con el fin de repensar a la violencia política en procesos de mediana duración, el presente trabajo atiende a las prácticas de control estatal y paraestatal y la recuperación de la experiencia de esa represión en la voz de los denunciantes, durante el primer peronismo. Enmarcado en el enfrentamiento entre peronismo y antiperonismo y de la radicalización y la implantación de un contexto de violencia política en el país, a partir del decreto de estado de guerra interno en 1951, revisaremos los organismos estatales creados durante el primer peronismo para controlar a un enemigo definido inicialmente como “comunistas” y, posteriormente, como “antiperonistas”, identidad adjudicada a radicales, socialistas y conservadores. Con ese objetivo, se atiende a las denuncias contra el gobierno democrático en el recinto de la cámara de diputados respecto de la vulneración de los derechos humanos y a una de las figuras claves de las restricciones a los opositores, en un franco ascenso de control represivo, como el del Mayor Jorge Osinde. Su accionar como jefe de Coordinación Federal muestra los límites difusos que existieron entre represión ideológica, servicios de inteligencia, vínculos con fuerzas de choque y viejas y asentadas prácticas de tormentos policiales, analizadas aquí durante la década del cincuenta, pero que pervivieron en la cultura política argentina.
AZERBAIJAN
Authors: Etirmishli G. , Abdullaeva R. , Ismailova S. , Kazymova S.
Published: December 2020

In 2014, a network of 35 digital seismic stations of Azerbaijan continued to operate unchanged, while significant changes occurred in the work of analog stations – they were completely stopped in May 2014. The set of parameters determined for estimation of the earthquake magnitude decreased – determination of MPVA magnitude and KP energy class ceased. Only the local magnitude ML Azr is measured, which is converted then into energy class K. The total number of earthquakes recorded by Azerbaijan network of seismic stations amounted to 5754, but the Azerbaijan earthquake catalog published in the Appendix to this article contains 135 of them with ML Azr3.0 only. An increase in seismic activity in the study area was noted. This is expressed in increase in 2014 of number of representative earthquakes (K≥9) compared with both their number in 2013 and the average annual value for 1993–2013. The seismic energy released in 2014, after its reduced values in 2013, approached the background level. In 2014, the most significant seismic event on the territory of the Republic was the February 10 earthquake with ML Azr=5.7 and intensity in the epicenter of I0=6.
SAKHALIN
Authors: Fokina T. , Safonov D. , Kostylev D. , Mikhaylov V.
Published: December 2020

A review of the Sakhalin seismicity in 2014 based on the data of regional network is given. The network included four stationary and ten temporary digital seismic stations. This network was supported by ten stations of local network operating in the south of Sakhalin. Parameters of 450 seismic events, including 25 explosions, and focal mechanisms for 4 events are determined. 22 earthquakes had a macroseismic effect. The map of earthquake completeness and the map of epicenters are given. The distribution of crust and deep earthquakes on magnitude and their summarized energy for seven seismoactive areas in comparison with average parameters for 2001–2013 are presented. For each area and the region as a whole, an analysis of the seismic regime parameters in 2014 in comparison with long-term parameters is given, tangible and strong earthquakes are described. The seismicity of the Sakhalin region in 2014 can be characterized as a moderate one. Somewhat increased seismic activity was recorded in the East Sakhalin and Southeastern areas.
KURIL-OKHOTSK REGION
Authors: Fokina T. , Safonov D. , Doroshkevich E. , Kostylev D.
Published: December 2020

The review of the Kuril-Okhotsk region seismicity in 2014 is presented. Earthquake parameters were obtained on the basis of the data of the seismic stations of Sakhalin branch GS RAS and the data of neighboring seismological Russian and foreign agencies. 83.6 % of earthquakes are located within the depth interval of h80 km, 13.5 %  within the intermediate layer h=81–300 km, 2.9 % of earthquakes have depths h>300 km; the maximum depth of the hypocenter was h=559 km. The analysis of the seismic situation in 2014 in comparison with the data for 2001–2013 is carried out, a description of the seismic situation in seismically active regions is given. For 30 earthquakes information was obtained on the macroseismic effect in Russia, the maximum intensity did not exceed Ii=5; for 50 earthquakes there was information on the intensity in the territory of the Japanese Islands, the maximum value was Ii =67 by the MSK-64 scale. The strongest earthquake in the region occurred in the central part of the Sea of Okhotsk on September 18 at 04h17m with h=529 km and MSH=6.2. Its focal mechanism is classified as an incision with a small right-lateral strike-slip component along a subvertical plane of north-eastern strike. The seismicity of the region in 2014 can be considered as a moderate, the number of earthquakes with a magnitude MP≥4.5 and their total seismic energy do not exceed the average values over a 13-year period, the level of seismicity of the region according to the SOUS’09 method is classified as а “background average”. The distribution of earthquake hypocenters and their focal mechanisms show that most of the earthquakes in the Kuril-Okhotsk region relate to the process of the subduction of the Pacific lithospheric plate under the Okhotsk Sea plate.
KAMCHATKA AND COMMANDER ISLANDS
Authors: Chebrov D. , Chebrova A. , Abubakirov I. , Matveenko E. , Mityushkina S. , Pavlov V. , Saltikov V. , Voropaev P. , Droznina S.
Published: December 2020

The seismicity review of Kamchatka and surrounding territories for 2014 is given. In Kamchatka earthquake catalogue minimum local magnitude of completeness is MLmin=3.5, and for earthquakes under the Okhotsk sea with h≥350 kmMLmin=3.6. The Kamchatka earthquake catalogue for 2014 with ML3.5, published in the Appendix to this annual, includes 1114 events. 86 earthquakes of the catalogue with ML=3.35–6.2 were felt in Kamchatka and surrounding areas with seismic intensity I ranged from 2 to 5 according the MSK-64 scale. For all events with ML5.0 occurred in the area of responsibility of the KB GS RAS in 2014, an attempt to calculate the seismic moment tensor (SMT) was made. There are 40 such events in the regional catalogue. For 36 earthquakes, the SMT and depth h of the equivalent point source were calculated successfully. The calcu-lations were performed for the SMT double-couple model using a nonlinear algorithm. In 2014, a typical location of the earthquake epicenters was observed in the Kamchatka zone. In 2014, the seismicity level in all selected zones and in the region as a whole corresponded to the background one according to the “SESL’09” scale. The number of recorded events with ML3.6 and strong earthquakes with ML5.1 is close to the average annual value. Anomalous and outstanding events were not recorded.
NORTH-EAST OF RUSSIA
Authors: Alyeshina E. , Kurtkin S. , Karpenko L.
Published: December 2020

The results of seismic monitoring of Magadan region, Chukotka Autonomous Area and adjacent sea shelf (Okhotsk, Chukchi, Bering and East Siberian seas) are given. The information about 12 digital seismic stations and monitoring equipment types and parameters is given. Maps of earthquake energy representativeness, seismic stations and epiсenters are presented. The distribution of earthquake number by energy classes and total seismic energy by six regions of North-East of Russia is given. The information about 234 events with energy classes КР=6.0–12.8 is included in the catalog. All hypocenters are located within the Earth's crust. Earthquake epicenters in Kolyma area are plotted on the tectonic zoning scheme. The strongest earthquake in 2014 with MPSP=4.5 (КР=12.8) occurred on July 4 in Kolyma area and was called Elgenskoe II. It was sensible with intensity I=4. Monitoring in 2014 showed decrease of seismic activity in Okhotsk sea area and its increase in the Kolyma. Spatially, all the earthquakes of the North-East of Russia are traditionally concentrated within the large seismogenic zones: the Chersky, the North Okhotsk and the Trans-Bering Sea.
URALS and WESTERN SIBERIA
Authors: Malovichko A. , Dyagilev R. , Verkholantsev F. , Golubeva I. , Zlobina T. , Noskova N.
Published: December 2020

The article shows currentlayout ofseismic network in the Urals and Western Siberia, data processing technique and results of brief analysis of seismic activity in the region in 2014. Ability of the network adjusted to new boundaries of the territory under control that now includes the Urals and Western Siberia is shown. About 80% of registered events are the technological explosions in mines and open pits, 46 events are related to natural or induced seismicity. For the strongest events of the last group the options of determination of focal parameters received by other agencies are given.
KAJI-SAIEARTHQUAKEonNovember 14, 2014 withКР=13.7, Mw=5.4, I0=7 (Kyrgyzstan, SouthernIssyk-Kul’)
Authors: Grebennikova V. , Frolova A. , Bagmanova N. , Berezina A. , Pershina A. , Moldobekova S.
Published: December 2020

Information on the earthquake with Mw=5.4 that occurred on the southern coast of the Issyk-Kul lake on the southwestern slope of the Tegerek mountains (Kyrgyzstan) on November 14, 2014 is given. The epicenter is located in the Jumgalo-Terskey zone, identified as the Tonsky block, in which felt earthquakes with intensity up to 7 have occurred repeatedly. 231 aftershocks were recorded in the first day, in the second day – 13 aftershocks, then seismic activity decreased. Most of the aftershocks are localized in the depth range of 17–21 km, close to the depth of the main shock (h=20 km). The earthquake had the reverse fault type. Macroseismic survey was fulfilled only in the epicentral zone due to the complex weather conditions (late autumn, highlands). The theoretical isoseismal map was created for receiving the more complete picture of the earthquake impact outside of its epicentral zone.
Defining Traits of the Soviet National Policy in the Belarussian and Russian Soviet Republics in the mid-late 1930’s
Authors: Альховик Н.К.
Published: December 2020

В статье выявлена эволюция национальной политики в БССР и РСФСР в 1933–1939 гг., определены ее этапы, направления и особенности. Раскрыты основные причины пересмотра концепции национального строительства в СССР в середине-конце 1930-х гг. Установлено, что процесс сужения сферы использования и функций белорусского языка, отказ от сохранения доминирующего положения белорусской советской культуры создавали опасность ассимиляции белорусского населения. Одновременно с отходом от белорусизации была свернута политика, направленная на обеспечение национальных потребностей титульного населения в автономных республиках и областях РСФСР.
Выявлено, что в центре внимания партийно-государственных работников находилось усиление позиций русского языка и культуры в БССР: проводились мероприятия, направленные на расширение русской печати, сети русских школ и культурных заведений. В 1933–1937 гг. советская власть балансировала в выборе генеральной стратегии относительно национальных меньшинств БССР и РСФСР, потому ликвидация их учреждений и организаций не имела всеобъемлющего масштаба и сопровождалась мероприятиями в поддержку их национальной идентичности. С 1937–1939 гг. власти придерживались курса на ликвидацию институтов национальных меньшинств БССР и РСФСР как очагов антигосударственной работы. Конечной целью государственной политики являлась их ассимиляция.

The article defines the evolution of the national policy in the BSSR and the RSFSR in 1933–1939, its stages, directions and features. The main reasons for the revision of the concept of national construction in the USSR in the mid-late 1930s are revealed. It is established that the process of narrowing the scope of use and functions of the Belarusian language, the refusal to maintain the dominant position of the Belarusian Soviet culture created a danger of assimilation of the Belarusian population. Simultaneously with the abandonment of Belarusization policies aimed at ensuring the national needs of the titular population in the autonomous republics and regions of the RSFSR was curtailed.
Strengthening the position of the Russian language and culture in the BSSR was the major focus of the party and state workers: activities aimed at expanding the Russian press, the network of Russian schools and cultural institutions were carried out. In 1933–1937, the Soviet power balanced in the choice of the general strategy concerning national minorities of the BSSR and the RSFSR, therefore, the liquidation of their institutions and organizations was not total and it was accompanied by activities in support of their national identity. From 1937–1939 the authorities followed the course of eliminating the institutions of national minorities in the BSSR and the RSFSR as hotbeds of anti-state work. The ultimate goal of state policy was their assimilation.
Philosophy of Culture and European Identity
Authors: Słomski Wojciech
Published: December 2020

The problem of identity at least these days, is not a directly philosophical problem, but rather the subject of disputes in the well-known newspapers. Identity is rarely the subject of modern famous thinkers' speeches. This is because in the present process of uniting Europe, the main debate centres around the economic and political aspects of the process, whilst the cultural aspects are put to one side. It is worth mentioning here C. Adenauer's assertion: „The ground of European unity is an idea of Christian community, culture and European civilization." In this context we can also mention the previous chairman of the European Commission, J . Dolors, who states: „If Europe does not have its own soul, it will not define itself as cultural, it will not be Europe. But if it is only a political or economical community, it will not absolutely fulfil its task." It is not difficult to notice the difference between these two statements; the first highlights the problem of cultural unity, formulated as a postulate, a kind of program which must be carried out in the future. We can interpret Dolors' thought as a kind of warning against neglecting the problem of cultural identity.
Cross-linking gelation of isomaltodextrin for the chromatographic separation of semiconducting carbon nanotubes
Authors: Matsunaga Yuki , Hirotani Jun , Ohno Yutaka , Omachi Haruka
Published: December 2020

The gel column chromatographic separation technique is one of the most rapid and reliable methods to prepare high-purity semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). However, the use of the expensive dextran-based gels limits the utility and scalability of this technique. Herein, we report the cross-linking gelation of a cost-efficient polysaccharide isomaltodextrin (IMD) for the high-purity separation of s-SWCNTs by column chromatography. The cross-linking reaction with epichlorohydrin under precisely controlled basic conditions gave the sub-micrometer porous IMD gels, which was important for achieving gel chromatographic SWCNT separation. Furthermore, the thin-film transistors prepared from the separated s-SWCNTs exhibited excellent on/off ratios.
Transfer Pengetahuan Melalui Pelatihan E-Commerce Dalam Pemberdayaan UKM Dewi-Dewi Di Kecamatan Singosari Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Ismail Nova Risdiyanto , Wardhani Arie Restu
Published: December 2020

Abstrak. Perkembangan UKM dan Industri rumah tangga di Indonesia sedemikian pesatnya mengingat sebagian besar lingkup bisnis berada pada sektor ini. Namun perkembangan UKM tersebut belum disertai dengan perkembangan infrastruktur, tata kelola, pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang baik, sehingga peningkatan kinerja bisnis UKM tersebut cenderung stagnan. Selain itu, perubahan pola konsumsi masyarakat di era industri 4.0 menyebabkan terjadinya pergeseran gaya hidup berbelanja dari masyarakat yang berbelanja secara langsung pada outlet dan mall, menjadi masyarakat yang lebih menyukai berbelanja secara online. Jika UKM tidak menangkap peluang ini, maka eksistensinya akan tergerus oleh perkembangan zaman. Oleh karena itu, UKM harus mampu proaktif dan meningkatkan kemampuan daya saingnya dengan menguasai teknologi ICT. Teknologi ini seperti sosial media (Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, dll) berperan penting dalam usaha promosi dan pemasaran. Tujuan utama dari artikel ini adalah untuk menunjukkan dampak transfer pengetahuan antara universitas (tutor) dan UKM Dewi-dewi (sebagai peserta pelatihan). Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan membandingkan proporsi dari jawaban peserta sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan pemahaman mengenai E-commerce, yaitu sebesar 80% sampai dengan 96% atau dua kali lipat daripada sebelum diadakan pelatihan. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya pendampingan selanjutnya agar kemanfaatan dari pelatihan E-commerce dapat dirasakan.Kata Kunci: UKM Dewi-dewi, Pelatihan, E-commerceAbstract. The development of SMEs and home industries in Indonesia is so rapid, considering that most of the business scope is in this sector. However, the development of these SMEs has not been accompanied by progress in infrastructure, good governance, knowledge, and skills, so that the improvement in the business performance of these SMEs tends to be stagnant. Besides, changes in people's consumption patterns in the industrial era 4.0 caused a shift in the shopping lifestyle from people who shop directly at outlets and malls, to people who prefer the online shop. If UKM does not seize this opportunity, then its existence will be eroded by the times. Therefore, SMEs must be able to be proactive and improve its competitiveness by mastering ICT technology. This technology, such as social media (Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, etc.) plays an essential role in the promotion and marketing efforts. The primary purpose is to show the impact of knowledge transfer between universities (tutors) and UKM Dewi-Dewi (as trainees). The method used is to compare the proportions of participants' answers before and after the training. The results obtained indicate an increase in understanding of E-commerce, which is 80% to 96% or double that before training was held. Therefore, there is a need for further assistance so that the benefits of E-commerce training can be felt.Keywords: Dewi-Dewi UKM, Training, E-Commerce
PENGARUH SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR TERHADAP PENINGKATAN MUTU BELAJAR MELALUI KEMAMPUAN INOVASI DI BIMBINGAN BELAJAR AMSTERDAM INSTITUTE KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Musfirah A. , Ruslan Muhlis , Abduh Thamrin
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji, menganalisis menginterpretasi sistem informasi manajemen dan motivasi belajar terhadap peningkatan mutu belajar melalui kemampuan inovasi. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriftip analisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Data diperoleh dari bimbingan Amsterdam dan responden (siswa bimbingan belajar Amsterdam). Hasil penelitian ini dapat menemukan beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi peningkatan mutu belajar di bimbingan Amsterdam. Antara lain sistem informasi manajemen dan motivasi belajar dan kemampuan inovasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap peningkatan mutu belajar di bimbingan belajar Amsterdam. Sistem informasi manajemen berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemampuan motivasi. Motivasi belajar berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemampuan motivasi. Kemampuan motivasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap peningkatan mutu belajar. Sistem informasi manajemen berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap peningkatan mutu belajar melalui kemampuan inovasi. Pengaruh motivasi belajar berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap peningkatan mutu belajar melalui kemampuan inovasi.

 

This study aims to examine, analyze the interpretation of management information systems and learning motivation towards improving the quality of learning through the ability of innovation. This research is a descriptive analysis using a quantitative approach and a qualitative approach. And the analytical method used is a quantitative approach. Data obtained from the guidance of Amsterdam and respondents (Amsterdam tutoring students). The results of this study can find several factors that influence the improvement of the quality of learning in the guidance of Amsterdam. Among other things, management information systems and learning motivation and innovation ability have a positive and significant effect on improving the quality of learning in Amsterdam tutoring. Management information systems have a positive and significant effect on motivation ability. Learning motivation has a positive and significant effect on the ability of motivation. The ability of motivation has a positive and significant effect on improving the quality of learning. Management information systems have a positive and significant effect on improving the quality of learning through innovation capabilities. The influence of learning motivation has a positive and significant effect on improving the quality of learning through the ability of innovation.
ANALISIS PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN KEDISIPLINAN TERHADAP PRESTASI KERJA PEGAWAI MELALUI PERILAKU KERJA PADA DKIPS PROVINSI SULAWESI BARAT
Authors: Patonangi Arnas A.M , Cahyono Cahyono , Ruslan Muhlis
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah motivasi, kedisiplinan berpengaruh terhadap perilaku kerja, apakah motivasi dan kedisiplinan berpengaruh terhadap prestasi kerja, apakah perilaku kerja berpengaruh terhadap prestasi kerja, apakah motivasi berpengaruh terhadap prestasi kerja pegawai melalui perilaku kerja, serta apakah kedisiplinan berpengaruh terhadap prestasi kerja pegawai melalui perilaku kerja pada DKIPS Provinsi Sulawesi Barat. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, interview dan dokumentasi serta kuesioner. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistic deskriptif, statistik infe-rensial, PLS (Partial Least Square), pengujian hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa motivasi kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku kerja, Kedisiplinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku kerja, Motivasi kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap prestasi kerja, Kedisiplinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap prestasi kerja pegawai, Perilaku kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap prestasi kerja pegawai, hasil uji mediasi menunjukkan bahwa perilaku kerja dapat memediasi motivasi kerja terhadap prestasi kerja pegawai pada DKIPS Provinsi Sulawesi Barat, serta hasil uji mediasi menunjukkan bahwa perilaku kerja dapat memediasi disiplin kerja terhadap prestasi kerja pegawai pada DKIPS Provinsi Sulawesi Barat.

This study aims to determine whether motivation, discipline affect work behavior, do motivation and discipline affect work performance, does work behavior affect work performance, does motivation affect employee performance through work behavior, and does discipline affect work performance through work behavior in West Sulawesi Province DKIPS. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation and questionnaires. While the data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis, inferential statistics, PLS (Partial Least Square), hypothesis testing. The results found that work motivation has a positive and significant effect on work behavior, the discipline has a positive and significant effect on work behavior, work motivation has a positive and significant effect on work performance, the discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee work performance, work behavior has a positive and significant effect on employee work performance, mediation test results indicate that work behavior can mediate work motivation on employee work performance in DKIPS Province of West Sulawesi, and mediation test results indicate that work behavior can mediate work discipline towards employee work performance at DKIPS Province of West Sulawesi.
PENGARUH BAURAN PEMASARAN DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KOMITMEN KONSUMEN MELALUI KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN ROTI CONSES MAKASSAR
Authors: Wally Afyar Ady , Herminawati Herminawati , Ruslan Muhlis
Published: December 2020

Afyar Ady Wally. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh bauran pemasaran dan kualitas layanan terhadap komitmen konsumen melalui keputusan pembelian roti conses Makassar. Metode penelitian ini yaitu kuantitatif. Data penelitian ini diperoleh dari kuesioner (primer) dengan mengambil responden sebanyak 173. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis dua jalur  dengan menggunakan SPSS 22.0. Pada hasil uji validitas dan reliabilitas, semua pernyataan yang ada di dalam kuesioner dinyatakan valid dan reliabel sehingga layak untuk dimasukkan dalam pengujian selanjutnya. Hasil uji T (parsial) dan uji F (Simultan) diperoleh hasil bahwa bauran pemasaran dan kualitas layanan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap komitmen konsumen. Dan pada hasil uji dua jalur diperoleh bauran pemasaran dan kualitas layanan berpengaruh juga secara tidak langsung terhadap komitmen konsumen melalui keputusan pembelian.
PENGARUH KOMPENSASI, DISIPLIN KERJA DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA PUSAT PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA REGIONAL MAKASSAR
Authors: Fajar Auliyah , Remmang Hasanuddin , Menne Firman
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh kompensasi, disiplin kerja dan lingkungan kerja ter-hadap kinerja pegawai pada Pusat Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Regional Makassar. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampling jenuh (sensus) terhadap seluruh pegawai yang berjumlah 49 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner dan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda dengan SPSS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kompensasi berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai, disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai dan Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai PPSDM Regional Makassar.

 

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of compensation, work discipline and work environment on employee performance at the Makassar Regional Human Resources Development Center. The sampling method uses saturated sampling (census) of all 49 employees. The data collection technique used was a questionnaire and the data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression with SPSS. The results of this study indicate that compensation has a positive and not significant effect on employee performance, work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance and The work environment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance PPSDM Regional Makassar.
ANALYSIS OF THE TRAINING LOAD AND FITNESS LEVEL OF RUSSIAN NATIONAL ROWING TEAM IN THE 2014-2015 SEASON
Authors: Shliakov Shliakov Sergey , Nabatov Aleksey , Gogolin Vladimir , Lazutkin Viktor
Published: December 2020

The relatively low level of Russian rowing teams’ performance at international rowing competitions reflects certain mistakes in the training process of these teams. Basing on the analysis of the best training practices, we tried to identify possible mistakes in the training process that had caused poor results of the Russian national team in the 2014-15 season.

Research methods and organization. Comparative analysis of the training volume and intensity practiced by the world leading teams and the Russian rowing team in the 2014-15 season; analysis of the special fitness level of teams on the basis of literature resources and proceedings of the coach conferences of the World Rowing Federation (FISA).

Results and Discussion. Analysis of the completed training loads in the 2014-15 season revealed that the Russian national rowing team executed about 57% of the water exercises and 66% of the Rowing Ergometer exercises in the 3rd and 4th zones of intensity. Rowers did not experience the loads for the development of power qualities by means of general physical training.

Conclusion. The system of training of the Russian rowing team in 2014-2015 looks less effective in comparison with the system of training of world-leading national teams. The method of training of the Russian rowing national team employed in the 2014-15 season was totally different from the world standards. The above mentioned factors caused the low level of the team performance in that season due to the premature achievement of the sport fitness peak by the Russian athletes.
Klasyfikacja i analiza elementów utrzymania infrastruktury kolejowej w celu minimalizacji kosztów
Authors: Butor Anna , Labisz Krzysztof , Batko Michał , Okamer Tomasz
Published: December 2020

Utrzymanie infrastruktury kolejowej w stanie zapewniającym bezpieczny ruch kolejowy jest podstawowym obowiązkiem zarządców infrastruktury kolejowej wynikającym z ustawy o transporcie kolejowym. Elementy infrastruktury kolejowej są poddane trudnym warunkom atmosferycznym, a także zmieniającym się obciążeniom dynamicznym wynikającym z eksploatacji danej części infrastruktury. Brak właściwego utrzymania torów niekorzystnie wpływa na ich eksploatację, powodując: obniżenie dopuszczalnej prędkości jazdy, zmniejszenie spokojności jazdy, spadek bezpieczeństwa prowadzenia ruchu kolejowego, wzrost degradacji kruszywa i podtorza kolejowego oraz zwiększony wpływ oddziaływań dynamicznych na otaczającą zabudowę. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia analizę zadań utrzymaniowych wykonywanych w pięciu różnych lokalizacjach. Na potrzeby artykułu, w latach 2016−2018 zebrano dane z odcinków toru długości 100 km, przygotowane w dziennych raportach wykonywanych przez wykwalifikowanych toromistrzów zarządzających brygadami utrzymaniowymi. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników zebranych danych, analiza najczęściej występujących zadań utrzymaniowych, ustalenie przyczyn źródłowych powodujących konieczność wykonywania danych zadań oraz zaproponowanie środków zaradczych. Celem badań było uzyskanie konkurencyjności rynkowej przez minimalizację kosztów, ponieważ wykonywanie obowiązków związanych z utrzymaniem infrastruktury kolejowej charakteryzuje się bardzo wysokim kosztem związanym z dużym nakładem pracy, technologią naprawy, koniecznością użycia wyspecjalizowanego sprzętu, a także z czasowym wyłączeniem fragmentu linii z ruchu. Badania przeprowadzono w firmie będącej zarządcą infrastruktury kolejowej. Słowa kluczowe: utrzymanie, infrastruktura kolejowa, zarządca infrastruktury kolejowej, minimalizacja kosztów