bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exosomes mediate Coxsackievirus B3 transmission and expand the viral tropism
Authors: Fu Yuxuan , Xiong Sidong
Published: January 2023

Specific virus-receptor interactions are important determinants in viral host range, tropism and pathogenesis, influencing the location and initiation of primary infection as well as viral spread to other target organs/tissues in the postviremic phase. Coxsackieviruses of Group B (CVB) and its six serotypes (CVB1-6) specifically interact with two receptor proteins, coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) and decay-accelerating factor (DAF), and cause various lesions in most permissive tissues. However, our previous data and other studies revealed that virus receptor-negative cells or tissues can be infected with CVB type 3 (CVB3), which can also effectively replicate. To study this interesting finding, we explored the possibility that exosomes are involved in CVB3 tropism and that exosomes functionally enhance CVB3 transmission. We found that exosomes carried and delivered CVB3 virions, resulting in efficient infection in receptor-negative host cells. We also found that delivery of CVB3 virions attached to exosomes depended on the virus receptor CAR. Importantly, exosomes carrying CVB3 virions exhibited greater infection efficiency than free virions because they accessed various entry routes, overcoming restrictions to viral tropism.In vivoexperiments demonstrated that inhibition of exosome coupling with virions attenuated CVB3-induced immunological system dysfunction and reduced mortality. Our study describes a new mechanism in which exosomes contribute to viral tropism, spread, and pathogenesis.
Remapping Brazilian Film Culture in the Twenty-first Century, Stephanie Dennison (2019)
Authors: Bayman Louis
Published: January 2023

Review of: Remapping Brazilian Film Culture in the Twenty-first Century, Stephanie Dennison (2019)

Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 220 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-13811-992-5, p/bk, £27.99
Film Festivals: Cinema and Cultural Exchange, Mar Diestro-Dópido (2021)
Authors: Meneses Jara Fernández
Published: January 2023

Review of: Film Festivals: Cinema and Cultural Exchange, Mar Diestro-Dópido (2021)

Oxford: Legenda, 240 pp.,

ISBN 1781887055, h/bk, £75.00
Perpausa
Authors: Goenaga Patxi
Published: January 2023

Perpausa da gramatikaren aztergai nagusia. Azken batean, perpausak ‘sortzeko’ tresna bat da gramatika. Alde honetatik, hizkuntza perpaus multzo bat litzateke, azkenik gabea. Gramatikaren eginkizuna multzo azkengabe honetako perpausen berri ematea da, multzo honetakoak ez diren perpaus okerrak edo ez-gramatikalak albora utziz.

Perpausa adizki batez (erosiko nuke, etorriko naiz, goazen... ) eta bere inguruan, hurbilago edo urrunago, kokatzen diren zenbait osagaiz eratua dago. Adizkiaren inguruko osagaiak askotarikoak izan daitezke: egiturazko kasua duten determinatzaile sintagmak izango ditugu batetik (ni-k, liburu hau, deno-i...), bestetik postposizio bat buru duten postposizo sintagmak (denda-n, zure ondora, hemendik, lagunentzat... ), mendeko perpausak (zerbait erostera...), izen predikatuak (neska alaia...)… etab.

Adizki deitzen diegu inflexioa duten aditzei. Baina azken batean inflexio marka hauek aditzak ‘bere gain’ hartzen baditu ere, inflexio hori, egiazki, perpaus osoari dagokio. Horrenbestez, perpausaren ardatza inflexioa dela esan beharko genuke.

Atal honetan perpausa nola egituratua dagoen erakutsiko dugu, osagaiak eite desberdinekoak baitira eta modu antolatuan kokatuak baitaude. Aurrerago aztertuko dira egitura horren xehetasunak.
Izena eta izen sintagma
Authors: Goenaga Patxi
Published: January 2023

Izena buru duen sintagmari deitzen diogu izen sintagma. Oinarrizko egitura dugu hau. Izenak, buru den aldetik bere osagarriak eta adjunktuak izango ditu, modu jakinean egituratuak.

Kapitulu honetan, izen motak bereiziko dira lehenbizi, bai morfologiaren aldetik eta bai adieraren eta onartzen dituzten testuinguruen arabera.

Ondoren, izenak bere inguruan dituen osagaiekin batera zer nolako egiturak osatzen dituen aztertuko dugu. Izenaren osagarriak bereiziko dira alde batetik, hots, izenak berak hautatzen dituenak. Bestetik, adjuntuak izangoditugu: adjektibo sintagmak, perpaus erlatiboak eta adposizio sintagmak izango dira.
Izen predikatua
Authors: Goenaga Patxi
Published: January 2023

Perpausa aditzaz eta honen inguruko zenbait osagaiz taxututako egitura bat da. Baina aditzen artean bi mota nagusi bereizten dira:

a) Aditz predikatiboak. Eduki semantiko betea dute, berak dira predikazioaren gune nagusi. Argumentuz inguratuak agertzen dira eta denak batera, funtzio proposizional bat osatzen dute: aitak amari gona gorria ekarri dio bezalakoak.

b) Lotura aditzak. Bestelako aditz batzuk dira, perpausa osatzeko nahitaezko direnak, baina, berez, oso eduki semantiko gutxi dutenak. Hauen lana, funtsean, aditz ez diren bestelako predikatu batzuei bide ematea da. Gona oso polita da diogunean, da adizkiak ez du eduki handirik. Ez du, adibidez, Gerra bada perpausean duena hainbatekoa. Perpausean, hala ere, pisu handiena duena oso polita predikatua da. Hau adjektibo sintagma bat da, baina subjektu bati buruz predikatu ahal izateko eta horrela perpausa osatzeko, aditz baten premia dago, izan-ena, hain zuzen. Izan/egon bezalako aditzei lotura aditz edo aditz kopulatibo deitzen diegu eta subjektu baten eta aditzezko ez den predikatu baten arteko lotura gauzatzea da beren lana.

c) Eta badira beste perpaus batzuk non ‘bigarren mailako predikazioa’ egiten den. Holakoetan bere eduki propioa duen aditz bat izango dugu: ikusi, adibidez (Anek Jon ikusten du). Hemen perpaus osoa dugu, predikazioa ere osoa da. Baina predikazio oso honetan beste bigarren predikazio bat ere txerta dezakegu. Adibidez: Anek Jon ondo ikusten du. Hemen, lehenaz gain, ondo predikatua txertatu dugu. Honen interpretazioa bi modutakoa izango litzateke, hala ere: bata arrunta, non Anek Jon ikustea nolakoa den esaten zaigun, Anek Jon ikusteko ikusmen arazorik ez duela adieraziz bezala. Baina ondo hori perpauseko objektuari ere egotz dakioke. Honako honen antzeko zerbait esango bagenu bezala: Anek Jon ikusten du eta Jon ondo dago. Hemen kontua ez da Aneren ikusmena nolakoa den, baizik Jonen egoera zein den.

Holako esamoldeak ditu aztergai atal honek.
La internacionalización de la Investigación española en Comunicación a través del Programa Horizonte 2020
Authors: Méndez-Majuelos Inés , Olivares-García Francisco-J. , Román-San-Miguel Aránzazu
Published: January 2023

Introducción. Este trabajo analiza la participación de los investigadores españoles que desarrollan su trabajo en el ámbito de la Comunicación, en el programa de investigación europea, Horizonte 2020. Metodología. Se procede a un estudio cualitativo y cuantitativo de los datos accesibles en la web de la Comisión Europea, CORDIS para el programa Horizonte 2020. Para alcanzar este fin se han tratado los datos con los recursos que ofrece la gestión de datos de Excel, así como el análisis de datos del programa Tableau. Resultados. Los datos muestran cómo los investigadores españoles empiezan a tener una significativa presencia internacional tanto en programas dirigidos a las áreas de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, como en otros más orientados a la ciencia básica y aplicada. Se observa que esta participación es tanto como coordinadores de las propuestas, como participantes o socios de un consorcio. Conclusiones. Las conclusiones obtenidas constatan la capacidad de internacionalización a lo largo de los últimos siete años de, en primer lugar, los estudios sobre Comunicación y, en segundo, de los investigadores españoles en esta área de conocimiento.
Comunicación radical: despatriarcalizar, decolonizar y ecologizar la cultura mediática [Reseña]
Authors: Barrera-Jerez Laura
Published: January 2023

“Comunicación radical: despatriarcalizar, decolonizar y ecologizar la cultura mediática” (Editorial Gedisa, 2022) es el libro más reciente de Susana de Andrés del Campo y Manuel Chaparro Escudero. La obra invita a repensar/regenerar el modelo de comunicación actual y su papel en la transformación ecosocial que necesitamos. Conceptos como decolonialidad, feminismo, pacifismo y ecología son centrales para liberarnos de la dominación cultural, social, económica y ambiental. En este sentido, el libro traza rutas de pensamiento y acción.
Revisión de la representación trans en la ficción televisiva española. Análisis de la serie de televisión Todo lo otro (HBO Max, 2021-)
Authors: Higueras-Ruiz María-José
Published: January 2023

Este artículo tiene el objetivo de determinar la evolución de la representación trans en la ficción televisiva española y, concretamente, en la serie Todo lo otro (HBO Max, 2021) creada por Abril Zamora. Desde una metodología cualitativa se realiza la revisión de la bibliografía relacionada, y el análisis textual del personaje de Dafne, protagonista de la citada ficción, como persona, rol y actante, junto con otras categorías relacionadas con la identidad de género. Además, se examinan los parámetros audiovisuales de las escenas de presentación y sexo. Los resultados muestran un incremento progresivo en la calidad e inclusión de personajes trans en el audiovisual español. En Todo lo otro (HBO Max, 2021) la narrativa no se caracteriza de forma exclusiva por la realidad trans de Dafne, que se incluye en las tramas de forma orgánica y complementaria a otras características que definen a la protagonista. Dicha serie de televisión se configura como un referente en la representación del colectivo trans en la ficción, contribuyendo a su atención política y social, y a la lucha contra la transfobia. Por ello, su estudio supone una aportación original desde los estudios televisivos y la teoría queer, motivando futuras investigaciones dirigidas a otras ficciones televisivas.
Ambulatory pH-Impedance Findings Confirm That Grade B Esophagitis Provides Objective Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Visaggi Pierfrancesco , Del Corso Giulio , Gyawali C. Prakash , Ghisa Matteo , Baiano Svizzero Federica , Stefani Donati Delio , Venturini Arianna , Savarino Vincenzo , Penagini Roberto , Zeki Sebastian , Bellini Massimo , Savarino Edoardo V. , de Bortoli Nicola
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION:

The Lyon Consensus designates Los Angeles (LA) grade C/D esophagitis or acid exposure time (AET) >6% on impedance-pH monitoring (MII-pH) as conclusive for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We aimed to evaluate proportions with objective GERD among symptomatic patients with LA grade A, B, and C esophagitis on endoscopy.

METHODS:

Demographics, clinical data, endoscopy findings, and objective proton-pump inhibitor response were collected from symptomatic prospectively enrolled patients from 2 referral centers. Off-therapy MII-pH parameters included AET, number of reflux episodes, mean nocturnal baseline impedance, and postreflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave index. Objective GERD evidence was compared between LA grades.

RESULTS:

Of 155 patients (LA grade A: 74 patients, B: 61 patients, and C: 20 patients), demographics and presentation were similar across LA grades. AET >6% was seen in 1.4%, 52.5%, and 75%, respectively, in LA grades A, B, and C. Using additional MII-pH metrics, an additional 16.2% with LA grade A and 47.5% with LA grade B esophagitis had AET 4%–6% with low mean nocturnal baseline impedance and postreflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave index; there were no additional gains using the number of reflux episodes or symptom-reflux association metrics. Compared with LA grade C (100% conclusive GERD based on endoscopic findings), 100% of LA grade B esophagitis also had objective GERD but only 17.6% with LA grade A esophagitis (P < 0.001 compared with each). Proton-pump inhibitor response was comparable between LA grades B and C (74% and 70%, respectively) but low in LA grade A (39%, P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:

Grade B esophagitis indicates an objective diagnosis of GERD.
EROSION OF THE PRODUCT DURING ELECTROLYTE-PLASMA POLISHING
Authors: Smirnov A. S. , Galinovsky A. L. , Martysyuk D. A.
Published: January 2023

It is well known that electrolyte-plasma polishing is one of the promising methods of finishing parts, which allows to increase the roughness class several times. At the same time, the geometric complexity of the treated surface is practically unlimited, which is extremely important due to the trends in the use of parts of complex spatial configuration obtained by additive manufacturing methods. The presented article in this regard is devoted to the study of the possibilities, potential and prospects of using the method of electrolyte-plasma polishing. The paper argues that it is necessary to carefully approach the choice of processing parameters, since an unreasonable choice of a number of values of technological parameters can lead not only to the absence of a decrease in roughness, but also to a change in the properties of the material, as well as damage and rejection of the product. The article presents the results of experiments to identify the defect of electrolyte-plasma polishing in the form of erosion of the surface of the material of the processed product. In the conclusion of the article, based on experimental data, the processing parameters at which such defects occur are established. The assumptions about the possible causes of this phenomenon are presented, as well as the prospects for continuing research and the most relevant areas of application of the results are considered.
INNOVATIVE BORING TOOL ADJUSTMENTS
Authors: Maslov A. R. , Smolkin E. M. , Tivirev E. G.
Published: January 2023

On the example of boring tool adjustments (BTA), the principles of creating modular tool adjustments to ensure complex modular technologies in modern digital machine-building industries are outlined. The description of innovative designs of modules for creation of tool systems is given.
Rancang Bangun Mesin Refrigerant Recovery untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi R-22 pada Praktikum Sistem Refrigerasi
Authors: Fathurahman F , Djati Isworo , Mujiraharjo M
Published: January 2023

Vocational Colege required a lot of practice. The practice of Refrigeration System, one of practice is charging refrigerant and vacuuming the refrigeration system. Because it was carried out by several groups, what happened was that the refrigerant that had been put into the system was wasted during the process of vacuuming the other groups. This causes an impact on the environment and the health and safety of the practitioner. The type of refrigerant used by the practitioner is the type of HCFC-22 or R-22, which has begun to be limited in use because it is less friendly to the environment and causes damage to the ozone layer on earth. One of the efforts to overcome the large amount of refrigerant that is released into the environment is to manufacture a refrigerant recovery device. This tool is used to take refrigerant from the system into the recovery tube prior to the practice of vacuuming, so as to minimize the wasting of refrigerant into the surrounding air. This study aims to determine how efficient the use of refrigerant is in the Refrigeration System practicum using a refrigerant recovery device. The method used is to compare the amount of refrigerant that enters and leaves during the vacuum process, with and without a refrigerant recovery device. From the results of the research, the efficiency values of refrigerant saving for practice using refrigerant recovery tools were 65.22%; 65.00%; 66.67%; 77.78% and 88.24%. So it can be concluded that the use of refrigerant recovery is able to save the use of refrigerant in the practice of the Refrigeration System.
Does Governance in MENA Countries Attract Migrants' Remittances?
Authors: Elorabi Khaled , Ishak Suryati , Nor Norashidah Mohamed , Ibrahim Saifuzzaman
Published: January 2023

Over the past years, international remittance of migrants to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has increased dramatically and become more resilient external financing sources than other capital flows, such as FDI, portfolio investment, and foreign aid. Nevertheless, the magnitude of remittances flowing into that region is less than expected. The research, hence, attempts to analyze the impact of governance on the volume of remittances in receiving economies in MENA from 1996 until 2020 by using the pooled mean group, mean group, and dynamic fixed effect methods. The results show that poor governance in MENA stimulates migrants to remit more to support and assist their relatives with their deplorable living conditions. Consequently, policymakers in the MENA region must strive to identify the underlying causes of weak governance and provide applicable solutions, as migrants' remittances cannot entirely eradicate the damage caused by the poor quality of governance. They also should provide an attractive environment for international remittances by applying policies pushing migrants to remit more, such as accelerating administrative procedures for business and increasing the interest rate on foreign currency deposits.
Comparison of ANA testing by indirect immunofluorescence or solid-phase assays in a low pre-test probability population for systemic autoimmune disease: the Camargo Cohort
Authors: Martinez-Revuelta Daniel , Irure-Ventura Juan , López-Hoyos Marcos , Olmos José Manuel , Pariente Emilio , Martín-Millán Marta , Nan Daniel , Comins-Boo Alejandra , Martínez-Taboada Víctor Manuel , Hernández José Luis
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Autoantibodies and, specifically antinuclear antibodies (ANA), are the hallmark of systemic autoimmune diseases (AID). In the last decades, there has been great technical development to detect these autoantibodies along with an increased request for this test by clinicians, while the overall pre-test probability has decreased. In this study, we compare the diagnostic performance of three different methods for ANA screening (indirect immunofluorescence [IIF], addressable laser bead immunoassay [ALBIA], and fluorescence enzyme immunoassay [FEIA]).

Methods

Serum samples at baseline visit from 2,997 participants from the Camargo Cohort, a population with an overall low pre-test probability for systemic AID, were analyzed with the three methods. Participants have a minimum follow-up of 10 years and the development of autoimmune diseases was collected from clinical records.

Results

The highest frequency of positive ANA was observed by IIF assay. However, ALBIA showed high sensitivity for AID. Likewise, solid phase assays (SPA) presented higher specificity than IIF for AID. ANA prevalence with any method was significantly higher in females and overall increased with age. Triple positivity for ANA was significantly related to the presence of anti-dsDNA–SSA/Ro60, Ro52, SSB/La, RNP, Scl-70, and centromere–specificities. No association was found for anti-Sm – RNP68, or ribosomal P – specificities. Noteworthy, triple positivity for ANA screening was associated with diagnosis of systemic AID both at baseline visit and follow-up.

Conclusions

ANA detection by IIF may be better when the pre-test probability is high, whereas SPA techniques are more useful in populations with an overall low pre-test probability for systemic AID.
Diagnostic accuracy of Siemens SARS-CoV-2 Antigen (CoV2Ag) chemiluminescent immunoassay for diagnosing acute SARS-CoV-2 infection: a pooled analysis
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Henry Brandon M. , Plebani Mario
Published: January 2023

Background

This article provides a critical literature review and pooled analysis of diagnostic accuracy of the fully-automated Siemens SARS-CoV-2 Antigen (CoV2Ag) chemiluminescent immunoassay for diagnosis of acute SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Methods

An electronic search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed and medRxiv using the keywords [“Siemens AND CoV2Ag”] OR [“Siemens AND SARS-CoV-2 AND antigen”] for capturing studies that investigated the accuracy of Siemens CoV2Ag for diagnosing acute SARS-CoV-2 infection against a reference SARS-CoV-2 molecular test. The retrieved information was used for constructing a 2 × 2 table and for calculating pooled diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (SROC) and Agreement. This study followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) reporting checklist.

Results

Four studies totalling 1,310 respiratory samples (612 with high viral load) were finally included in our analysis. The cumulative area under the curve, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, were 0.964 (95% CI, 0.957–0.971), 86.9% (95% CI, 84.9–88.7%), 0.79 (95% CI, 0.76–0.82) and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.96–0.99), respectively. The negative (NPV) and positive (PPV) predictive values were 0.77 (0.74–0.79) and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.96–99), respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity in samples with high viral load (i.e., Ct<29–30) was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.93–0.97).

Conclusions

The Siemens CoV2Ag fully-automated and high-throughput immunoassay approximates the minimum performance criteria for general SARS-CoV-2 antigen testing and displays excellent performance in samples with high viral load, thus representing a valuable screening solution for risk assessment in COVID-19 and for limiting viral spread.
Understanding the student’s experience of community health nursing simulations
Authors: Matsuda Yui , Prather Susan L. , Reaves Regine P. , McEwing Evan M. , Iriarte Evelyn , Everett-Thomas Ruth
Published: January 2023

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to explore nursing students’ experiences after completing community health nursing simulation encounters.

Methods

The study used a descriptive qualitative design. Through conventional content analysis, the research team analyzed the experiences of 73 nursing students after participating in community health nursing simulation encounters. The data come from nursing students’ responses to three post-simulation qualitative questions.

Results

Nursing students identified both positive aspects (simulation as a great learning method, useful in understanding community health nurses’ roles, faculty’s role in facilitating an effective learning environment) and opportunities for improvement (needing for clear objectives, expectations, and roles).

Conclusions

Community health nursing simulation encounters can be a powerful educational method to help students experience and understand the roles of community health nurses.

Implications for international audience

Augmentation of the pre-brief component will further improve students’ simulation experiences.
Anti-ageing effects of FDA-approved medicines: a focused review
Authors: Thanapairoje Koranit , Junsiritrakhoon Supanut , Wichaiyo Surasak , Osman Mohd Azuraidi , Supharattanasitthi Wasu
Published: January 2023

Ageing is the process generated by senescent cells, free radicals, inflammation and other relevant factors. Ageing contributes to age-related diseases that affect the quality of life. People are interested in anti-ageing intervention and many scientists attempt to search for anti-ageing medicines. This review focused on describing in vivo anti-ageing activity of US-FDA-approved drugs and found that alogliptin, canagliflozin and metformin might produce anti-ageing activity via AMPK activation. Rapamycin and canagliflozin are capable to inhibit mTOR to promote lifespan. Atracurium, carnitine and statins act as DAF-16 activators, which potentially contribute to anti-ageing activity. Hydralazine, lisinopril, rosiglitazone and zidovudine may help stabilize genomic integrity to prolong life expectancy. Other indirect mechanisms, including insulin-lowering effect by acarbose and calcium channel blocking activity by verapamil may also promote longevity. Interestingly, some drugs (i.e., canagliflozin, metformin, rapamycin and acarbose) are likely to demonstrate a lifespan-promoting effect predominantly in male animals. These pre-clinical data might provide mechanistic and phenotypic perspectives to better understand the targets of anti-ageing interventions.
Sex in the Stacks: Examining the Treatment of Explicit Materials in American Libraries
Authors: Greenhaus Rachel
Published: January 2023

Questions about whether and how American libraries should collect, describe, and share sexually explicit materials are a perennial source of discussion both within the profession and in the wider national public forum. This ever-present debate has led to book challenges and bans as well as legal action, and it remains a hot topic through the present day for those looking to critique the role and function of libraries in American society. By examining elements of this history and how these questions have been addressed in both public and academic library settings, we can start to uncover some of the deeper cultural biases at play in the American LIS profession’s failures to fully embrace sexually explicit materials as a meaningful part of our collections and, relatedly, our larger philosophical failures to treat our patrons holistically as human beings whose physical lives are inextricably linked to their intellectual ones. A critical reconsideration of the place of pleasure and embodiment in our libraries has deep implications for how we work with and for our communities.
Admissible congruences on type B semigroups
Authors: Li Chunhua , Meng Lingxiang , Fang Jieying , Xu Baogen
Published: January 2023

The main aim of this article is to study admissible congruences on a type B semigroup. First, we give characterizations of the minimum admissible congruence whose trace is a normal congruence on a type B semigroup. After obtaining some properties of admissible congruences with the same trace on a type B semigroup, we introduce the notion of a normal subsemigroup and give characterizations of the minimum and maximum admissible congruences whose kernels are normal subsemigroups. Finally, the concept of a congruence pair of a type B semigroup is given, and two congruences associated with the congruence pair are obtained.
Perspective on 3D vertically-integrated photonic neural networks based on VCSEL arrays
Authors: Gu Min , Dong Yibo , Yu Haoyi , Luan Haitao , Zhang Qiming
Published: January 2023

The rapid development of artificial intelligence has stimulated the interest in the novel designs of photonic neural networks. As three-dimensional (3D) neural networks, the diffractive neural networks (DNNs) relying on the diffractive phenomena of light, has demonstrated their superb performance in the direct parallel processing of two-dimensional (2D) optical data at the speed of light. Despite the outstanding achievements, DNNs utilize centimeter-scale devices to generate the input data passively, making the miniaturization and on-chip integration of DNNs a challenging task. Here, we provide our perspective on utilizing addressable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays as a promising data input device and integrated platform to achieve compact, active DNNs for next-generation on-chip vertical-stacked photonic neural networks. Based on the VCSEL array, micron-scale 3D photonic chip with a modulation bandwidth at tens of GHz can be available. The possible future directions and challenges of the 3D photonic chip are analyzed.
Colloidal self-assembly based ultrathin metasurface for perfect absorption across the entire visible spectrum
Authors: Jiang Jiayi , Cao Yan , Zhou Xin , Xu Haixia , Ning Kexin , Xiao Xuan , Lu Yanxin , Ding Cairong , Chen Yihang , Dong Jianwen
Published: January 2023

Perfect absorption over the entire visible spectrum can create a dark background for acquiring images with high contrast and improved resolution, which is crucial for various applications such as medical imaging, biological detection, and industrial non-destructive testing. The broadband absorption is desired to be achieved in an ultrathin structure for low noise as well as high integration. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a metasurface broadband perfect absorber with an ultrathin thickness of 148 nm and a large area of ∼10 cm2. Such a metasurface, with more than 97% absorption in the wavelength range from 400 to 800 nm, is composed of chromium nanodisk hexagonal array deposited on a chromium substrate with a silica spacer. A self-assembly based colloidal lithography nanofabrication method is developed for the scalable fabrication of the proposed nanostructure. We attribute the broadband absorption to the spectrally overlapped Fabry–Perot resonance, surface plasmon polariton, and localized surface plasmon resonances. Our results offer a novel approach to wafer-scale and low-cost manufacturing of absorption-based devices for applications such as high-contrast imaging and optical modulation.
A study of acromegaly-associated headache with somatostatin analgesia
Authors: Kaniuka-Jakubowska Sonia , Levy Miles J , Pal Aparna , Abeyaratne Dayakshi , Drake William M , Kyriakakis Nikolaos , Murray Robert D , Orme Steve M , Gohil Shailesh , Brooke Antonia , Leese Graham P , Korbonits Márta , Wass John AH
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study is to characterise somatostatin analogue-responsive headache in acromegaly, hitherto not systematically documented in a significant cohort. Using the UK pituitary network, we have clinically characterised a cohort of 18 patients suffering from acromegaly-related headache with a clear response to somatostatin analogues. The majority of patients had chronic migraine (78%) as defined by the International Headache Society diagnostic criteria. Headache was present at the time of acromegaly presentation and clearly associated temporally with disease activity in all cases. Short-acting somatostatin analogues uniquely resolved pain within minutes and the mean duration of analgesia was 1–6 h. Patients on long-acting analogues required less short-acting injections (mean: 3.7 vs 10.4 injections per day, P = 0.005). 94% used somatostatin analogues to control ongoing headache pain. All patients presented with macroadenoma, most had incomplete resection (94%) and headache was ipsilateral to remnant tissue (94%). Although biochemical control was achieved in 78% of patients, headache remained in 71% of them. Patients selected for this study had ongoing headache post-treatment (mean duration: 16 years after diagnosis); only four patients reached headache remission 26 years (mean range: 14–33) after the diagnosis. Headache in acromegaly patients can be persistent, severe, unrelieved by surgery, long-lasting and uncoupled from biochemical control. We show here that long-acting analogues allow a decrease in the number of short-acting analogue injections for headache relief. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms, markers and tumour tissue characteristics of acromegaly-related headache. Until then, this publication serves to provide the clinical characteristics as a reference point for further study.
Maternal high-fat diet changes DNA methylation in the early embryo by disrupting the TCA cycle intermediary alpha ketoglutarate
Authors: Penn Alexander , McPherson Nicole , Fullston Tod , Arman Bridget , Zander-Fox Deirdre
Published: January 2023

In brief

Maternal obesity can impair metabolism in the embryo and the resulting offspring. This study shows that metabolic disruptions through α-ketoglutarate may link altered metabolism with epigenetic changes in embryos.

Maternal obesity can impair offspring metabolic health; however, the precise mechanism underpinning programming is unknown. Ten-Eleven translocase (TET) enzymes demethylate DNA using the TCA cycle intermediary α-ketoglutarate and may be involved in programming offspring health. Whether TETs are disrupted by maternal obesity is unknown. Five to six week-old C57Bl/6 female mice were fed a control diet (CD; 6% fat, n = 175) or a high-fat diet (HFD; 21% fat, n = 158) for 6 weeks. After superovulation, oocytes were collected for metabolic assessment, or females were mated and zygotes were cultured for embryo development, fetal growth, and assessment of global DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine (5mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxycytosine (5caC)) in the two-cell embryo. Zygotes collected from superovulated CBAF1 females were cultured in media containing α-ketoglutarate (0, 1.4, 3.5, or 14.0 mM) or with 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) (0 or 20 mM), a competitive inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate, with methylation and blastocyst differentiation assessed. After HFD, oocytes showed increased pyruvate oxidation and intracellular ROS, with no changes in Tet3 expression, while two-cell embryo global 5hmC DNA methylation was reduced and 5fC increased. Embryos cultured with 1.4 mM α-ketoglutarate had decreased two-cell 5mC, while 14.0 mM α-ketoglutarate increased the 5hmC:5mC ratio. In contrast, supplementation with 20 mM 2HG increased 5mC and decreased 5fC:5mC and 5caC:5mC ratios. α-ketoglutarate up to 3.5 mM did not alter embryo development, while culturing in 14.0 mM α-ketoglutarate blocked development at the two-cell. Culture with 2HG delayed embryo development past the four-cell and decreased blastocyst total cell number. In conclusion, disruptions in metabolic intermediates in the preimplantation embryo may provide a link between maternal obesity and programming offspring for ill health.
Phytochemical screening of Leucaena leucocephala leaf essential oil and its antibacterial potentials
Authors: Umaru Isaac John , Samling Benedict , Umaru Hauwa A
Published: January 2023

Objective: The study aimed to identify the phytochemical composition of Leucaena leococephala leaf and evaluate the antimicrobial potential of the essential oil from the leaf. Material and Methods: The sample was subjected to Clevenger apparatus to extract the oil. The essential oil was characterized by chromatography method (GC-MS). The GC-MS was performed on Perkin Elmer gas chromatography model Clarus 680 equipped with HP-5 fused capillary column (5%) phenylmethyl polysiloxane stationary phase with 30m length, 0.25µm of film thickness and 0.25oc and 280oc respectively. Antibacterial activity using Agar Disc Method. Result: The result obtained from the GC-MS presented thirty phytochemicals of which Neophytadiene (9.48%), Octadecane (3.15%), 1-Octadecyne (3.85%), Phytol (52.51%) and Hexacosane (7.26%) are major. The antibacterial potential activities were observed in various ways with zone of inhibition diameters ranging from 0.70±0.00mm to1.27±0.06mm for staphylococcus aureus and Klebsielia pneumonia respectively among the six-concentration selected (25, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000ppm). Conclusion: It is investigated in this present studies that Leucaena leococephala essential oil can be utilized against the management of antibacterial diseases particularly Klebsielia pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureusas well as used in the Pharmaceutical and Cosmetics industry.
Freezing techniques as fertility preservation strategies: a narrative review
Authors: Ciarmatori Silvia Inés , Gaston Rey Valzacchi
Published: January 2023

Advances in the development of new chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimens have significantly improved the survival of cancer patients but many of these treatments have detrimental effects on gonadal function. These treatments may cause premature ovarian failure in females and azoospermia in males. Non-oncological conditions may also require therapies that put women's and men´s reproductive potential at risk. Moreover, an increasing number of women today decide to postpone maternity beyond the age of 35 due to social reasons with a possible affectation of future fertility due to the effect of age. The development and evolution of assisted reproductive techniques offer these patients new alternatives to preserve their fertility. The objective of this review is to describe the different options of fertility preservation. Oocyte vitrification for female and sperm banking for male are the first line for fertility preservation at the present time. Other techniques such as ovarian and testis tissue preservation, in vitro maturation of gametes, pharmacological protection (GnRH agonists and antiapoptotic agents) and surgical treatments (oophoropexy, selective radical trachelectomy) will be described. One of the most important steps in optimizing the results of these fertility preservation procedures in cancer patients is the need for prompt and timely referral to reproductive medicine specialists. Fertility preservation should be integrated as part of the oncological healthcare. Optimal counselling from healthcare professionals should always be present.
The Thought of Sangharakshita: A Critical Assessment
Authors: Ellis Robert M.
Published: January 2023

Sangharakshita (1925-2018) was a Buddhist writer and teacher, founder of the Triratna Buddhist Order and Community (previously FWBO). Apart from his practical achievements, Sangharakshita was an original thinker on the adaptation of Buddhism to modern conditions, an autodidact whose intellectual creativity was stimulated by both cross-cultural experience and practical contingency. His thinking is little known or appreciated outside the movement he founded, but over-dominant within it. This means that there is a shortage of balanced critical discussion of his work that finds any middle way between hagiography and dismissal. Sangharakshita has also been an object of controversy in recent years, but his more controversial views and actions need to be seen in proportion to the whole of his thinking. This book surveys Sangharakshita’s most important and original ideas with an eye that combines appreciation and critical awareness in equal measure. It celebrates Sangharakshita’s pioneering syntheses of Buddhist and Western ideas, but warns against the inconsistencies and dogmas that are also found in Sangharakshita’s work – dogmas whose negative practical effects can also be traced.
Creating a Stable Financial System to Strengthen the Aggregate Power of the State (On the example of China)
Authors:   Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, Chi Jimin , Zheng Chongyang ,   Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, Tang Haoxiang ,   Queen’s University, Goodes Hall, Kingston, Canada
Published: January 2023

The authors have attempted to promote the conceptual views of Wang Yongli, a Chinese academic economist with extensive and authoritative practical experience, to the Russian audience of experts in the international monetary and financial sphere. The theoretical summary of the successful practice of China’s financial industry and the justification of the importance of urgent reform of the international monetary and financial system, presented in Wang Yongli’s book “China’s Choice in the Global Financial Turbulence” became the basis for this article. An informative translation of the book’s fragments dedicated to the reforms of the international monetary system highlights two areas, i.e. social positioning of monetary finance and reform of the international monetary system. The article analyzes the main issues identified as a result of China’s rapid financial development and determines possible ways to solve them. The purpose of financial development is to serve the real economy, and promote economic development for creating greater economic and social value through the examination of the relationship between the real economy and the virtual economy, the relationship between currency finance and real economy. The authors introduce a model of interaction of aggregate power and international influence of the country: the international influence of the country’s currency finances and its status in the international monetary and financial system. An appeal to various concepts explaining the global expansion of the US dollar leads to the conclusion that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) needs a deep reconstruction. A detailed analysis of the history of the formation, management and reform of the IMF is given, revealing its inconsistency with global development trends. The article shows the role of China after the 2008 financial crisis and the significance of the yuan in the currency basket. The study represents the author’s position on the transformation of special drawing rights (SDRs) into a super-sovereign world currency. By highlighting the issues Wang Yongli has foreseen many situations and events that are now taking place in the global monetary and financial system.
Development of Independent Financial Advice to Private Investors: Analysis of Russian and Foreign Experience
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Russian Federation, Dekanova Ksenia
Published: January 2023

Attracting household finances to the country’s economy and competent management of personal finances are among the tasks of the state. The issues of rational financial planning and minimizing the risks of loss of personal wealth are acute for private investors. Independent Wealth Management Advisory is an intermediary activity between financial institutions and households. Independent advice to private investors is one of the tools in solving the problems of the state and investors’ issues. As a result of the analysis of the activities of an investment adviser in Russia and abroad, using the example of the United States and Great Britain, it was revealed that experience is adopted from other countries, but in Russia it is not fully implemented. In Russia, the main part of independent advisers is in the ‘gray zone’, their activities are not regulated at the level of law and self-regulatory organizations in the financial sector. Therefore, the author’s approach is to propose to separate the activities of investment advisers, which are enshrined in law and independent financial advisers, who currently operate without any regulation. The regulatory and training function for independent financial advisers should be entrusted to SROs. Firstly, separating the activities of independent financial advisors allows them to provide educational services to a wide range of people and the provision of consulting services in private without providing investment recommendations, but with the definition of the risk profile of the investor. Introduce licensing for various types of activities. Secondly, it is key to determine the principles for charging the services of independent financial advisors. The proposed steps will make the provision of independent household financial advisory services transparent and understandable to regulators, investors and those who operate or plan to choose as a future profession. This will serve to attract private capital to the financial market, reduce the risk of loss of wealth, move the existing advisers out of the ‘gray zone’, and make personal finance advisers an integral part of the financial market infrastructure.
Institutional Transformations and Development Projects in the Arctic and the North: Expertise of Human Development Project Examination by Ethnosociologists of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Erokhina Elena
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the scientific expertise of human development projects in the North in the late Soviet and early post-Soviet periods of the institutional transformation of Russian society. Despite the fact that its official goal was the further development of the Soviet project among the peoples of the North, in essence, the researchers, in alliance with the authorities, searched for a balance between the mobilization (planned) and market strategies for the development of the Arctic and the North. The purpose of the article is to introduce into wide scientific circulation the results of research in the circumpolar zone of the RSFSR, carried out by ethnosociologists of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center (NSC) from 1982 to 1991 and later. The relevance of this work is brought to life by the desire of the state that emerged in 2010 to use market institutions in the implementation of plans for the development of the polar zone of the Russian Federation. This paper presents materials on the activities of the Regional Interdepartmental Commission for the Coordination of Comprehensive Socio-Economic, Medical, Biological and Linguistic Research on the Problems of the Development of the Peoples of the North, established in 1981 on the basis of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The tasks and functions of the Commission are described in detail. Among the key issues of its activities were the problems of labor and employment of the peoples of Siberia, the preservation of the traditional economy and native language, mass education and access to social benefits, the development of transport infrastructure and quality housing. Although the focus of the Commission’s work remained the study of the situation of the indigenous peoples of the North and Siberia, these problems were considered in a wide range of issues of developing the national economy, gaining access to the social benefits of late socialism in the paradigm of ‘the flourishing and rapprochement of nations’. With the liquidation of the Commission in the early post-Soviet period, researchers focused on studying the consequences of radical market reforms in the interethnic communities of the North of Siberia: the archaization of everyday practices, the decline in the living standards of the population, and the revitalization of ethnic self-organization structures. It is concluded that in future ‘northern’ projects, it is necessary to combine the mobilization and market strategies for the development of the Arctic.
The Surface Area of Plane Figures in Textbooks throughout Elementary School
Authors: Santana Imafuku Danila Brígida , Esteves Lopes Galvão Maria Elisa , Da Fontoura Garcia Silva Angélica
Published: January 2023

Background: The studies emphasise the importance of a kind of teaching that contributes to understanding the concept and the calculus of the area of plane figures, considering the textbooks that are often the main resource teachers use to prepare classes. Objective: To investigate how the topic area of flat figures is introduced and guided in elementary school textbooks and to verify the potential and limitations of the proposals to mobilise the figural apprehensions and acquire knowledge. Design: This is a documentary research with a methodology based on the content analysis proposed by Bardin. Setting and participants: Four collections approved by the PNLD in 2019 and 2020 were selected. Data collection and analysis: In these collections, the volumes and units that addressed the topic in question were identified. The data analysis, carried out in light of Duval’s figural apprehensions and the four stages suggested by Clements and Stephan for constructing the concept of plane figure areas, seeks to identify whether the mathematical skills described by the BNCC can be favoured. Results: the proposals of the collections show the importance of using the grid for introducing the concept and calculation of the area of plane figures at the different levels of education; however, few activities mobilise reconfiguration processes. Conclusions: It is essential to propose activities that allow students to understand the area equivalence between the modified figures and lead them to understand the rectangular configuration and the formulas for area calculation.