bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hobbes on Miracles (and God)
Authors: Bertman Martin
Published: March 2012

Hobbes accepts only one proof for God's existence: God as first cause of nature. Thus, the laws of nature express God's will, nothing else is knowable about God. The state projects God's will because it responds to the deepest natural -- security and prosperity -- by opposing anti-social tendencies. Thus, the sovereign, by right reason, is the public measurer of religion. In private, religion is a matter of faith. Christianity is based on the sole proposition that salvation comes by Christ. That scriptural message was attested to by miracles in the Apostolic era but is now a matter of faith. The contemporary assertion of miracles is suspect; especially, when it is institutionalized and endangers the power of the sovereign.
Mercy Corps in China: Combining Global Experience with Successful Chinese Models
Authors: Hart Paul Dudley
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Mercy Corps’ collaborative work with Chinese organizations demonstrates an emerging paradigm of global humanitarian partnership where a connection between regional wisdom and international expertise is applied to address local poverty. Mercy Corps, a global relief and development agency known for innovative programming, implements disaster management capacity building projects, migrant youth trainings, exchange programs, and young leader development activities in China through partnerships with institutions and NPOs including the China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation and the All China Youth Federation. These joint activities have illustrated how much organizations like Mercy Corps can learn from the Chinese approach to development, which has been inspired and made possible by enormous Chinese-led efforts toward poverty alleviation over the past three decades and also supported by the emergence of socially innovative ideas and leaders. Through these partnerships, Mercy Corps’ deep level of global technical expertise and track record of impact-focused programming has served as a necessary ingredient to further support and enhance China’s development goals. This article explores the history and values of Mercy Corps’ work in China; China’s unique perspective and influence as a humanitarian development player; and the opportunity that international NPOs have to work with China to jointly address the most urgent humanitarian challenges around the world.
Venture Philanthropy, A New Model for Cultivating NPOs: The Case of the Shanghai Community Venture Philanthropy Competition
Authors: Qihai Cai
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Venture philanthropy (VP) traces its roots back to the United States in the 1990s. In 2009, the Shanghai municipal government launched a “Shanghai Community Venture Philanthropy Competition”, the first large-scale venture philanthropy experiment organized by a governmental body in China. This article uses on-site surveying and quantitative analysis to address this mechanism for VP. A comparison of VP abroad and VP in Shanghai reveals that Shanghai’s VP resembles a hybrid model: it borrows basic ideas from VP as practiced abroad, yet retains features of traditional charitable grantmaking. As a new model for cultivating NPOs, VP introduces strong elements of efficiency and accountability and has the potential to transform the third sector as we know it. Finally, the article presents several problems facing venture philanthropy in Shanghai and offers some thoughts on possible policy solutions.
Voluntary Failure in Village Culture-Building: The Case of the Qu Yuan Village Library
Authors: Wenqi Dong
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Villages were once viewed as the base of individual and clan-centered human life. Against the waves of modernization and globalization, however, village culture has withered, gradually lost its original cultural sprit, and become a cultural desert. With the central government pursuing its “three rurals” campaign, developing agriculture and advancing new village-building, people across all sectors of society have paid increasing attention to the lag in culture-building in China’s villages. The Qu Yuan Village Library is the result of volunteer activities associated with the new focus on villages. This article takes the library as its example. This analysis of its formation, operations and challenges affords us a unique view into village-level volunteerism. The piece demonstrates how much village-level culture-building depends on the participation of elites from outside villages who donate much like “donating blood” or “giving alms”. Though these elites, rich in social resources and volunteer spirit, may be able to increase provision of cultural public goods in the short-run, because they lack long-term mechanisms for resource mobilization and sustained local participation, their efforts often result in “voluntary failure”. Resolving this issue will require “multi-centric” entities such as governments, markets and volunteer organizations to coordinate in order to ensure full expression of their functions.
Crafting Piety for Success: Gülşeniye Literature and Culture in the Sixteenth Century*
Authors: Emre Side
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Today, scholarship on Islamic mysticism mostly prioritizes the poetry and mystical teachings of famous Sufi masters, with limited efforts to historically contextualize them. One of the sub-branches of the Halvetī order, the Gülşeniye, while being an influential participant in early modern Ottoman politics and society, presents the historian of Sufism with a rare opportunity to approach this gap. Despite offering a wide range of untapped literary, hagiographical, and historical sources, studies on the Gülşeniye remain in the margins. Through Gülşeniye literary production, including poetry and hagio-biographies by dervish-authors, this article explores the mystical thought and piety of İbrāhīm-i Gülşeni (d. 940/1534), the founder of the Gülşenī order of dervishes in Egypt. Close textual analysis of sources reveals that Gülşenī’s inspirations formed the contours of the order’s early literature and culture. I argue that the Gülşeniye literary corpus, and the culture formed alongside it, was a product of changing socio-political environments, not a replica of the doctrines of the order’s founder. The shifts in the corpus unveil the order’s changing practical priorities and shed light on how the Gülşeniye secured a stable niche for itself in Ottoman Egypt in the sixteenth century.
The Queer World of Sergei Diaghilev
Authors: Scheijen Sjeng
Published: March 2012

Sergei Diaghilev is considered to be one of Europe’s first public gay men. This article describes Diaghilev’s evolution from a covert homosexual with an intent to marry, to the assertive homosexual he was in his later years, and frames it in the larger sociological and political context of the day.
Sergei Diaghilev and the “VII Esposizione Internazionale d’arte di Venezia,” 1907
Authors: Bertelé Matteo
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Based on previously unpublished archive material, the text details the troubled organization of the Russian Hall commissioned by Sergei Diaghilev for the Venice Biennale of Fine Arts in 1907. Its focus is on the correspondence between the “Esposizione”’s Secretary General, Antonio Fradeletto, and Diaghilev, a discourse saturated by national stereotypes and mutual ignorance, which, because of mistrust and deep incompatibilities, ends up relying on a wide network of mediators, among which figure international diplomats and socialites.
One or Two Voices? Dance and Music in the Ballets Russes
Authors: Jordan Stephanie
Published: March 2012

Abstract

One of the most important aesthetic innovations of Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes was its shifting relations between music and dance. At first, the guiding principle was synaesthesia, linked to the Wagnerian concept of Gesamtkunstwerk but at the same time there were moves towards independence between the two media. Ballets by Fokine, Nijinsky and Massine are discussed here, followed by a range of examples from Nijinska’s Les Noces (Stravinsky, 1923) that demonstrate the new contrapuntal developments with the highest degree of sophistication
“Engulfed in a Whirlwind”: Diaghilev’s Dancers in the Postwar Ballets Russes
Authors: Genné Beth
Published: March 2012

Abstract

During Worl War I and the postwar period, the Ballets Russes bacame a truly international company, forced to absorb and adapt to the very latest trends in contemporary Western culture. This article describes the challenges facing dancers in the post-war period.
Michel Fokine
Authors: Macaulay Alastair
Published: March 2012

Abstract

A survey of Michel Fokine’s historic importance and stylistic diversity as a modernist choreographer. This paper attends in particular to Fokine’s treatment of gender, his stylistic multiculturalism, and his diverse novelty in terms of choreographic musicality.
Sergei Diaghilev’s Example: The Case of George Balanchine
Authors: Reynolds Nancy
Published: March 2012

Abstract

In 1925 George Balanchine joined the Ballets Russes, the ballet company directed by Sergei Diaghilev, when he was just twenty years old. Many of the elements of his mature art can be traced to his time with the mesmerizing Diaghilev, who controlled virtually every aspect of his troupe’s activities.
“Socialist Turnips”
Authors: Leopold David
Published: March 2012

This article examines Friedrich Engels’s little noticed communitarian sympathies, especially as expressed in his 1844 article ‘kommunistischen Ansiedlungen’. These sympathies are in conflict with the considered and more critical view of communitarian socialism that he subsequently came to share with Karl Marx. I have four ambitions in the article: first, to provide some characterisation of this ‘communitarian moment’ in Engels’s early intellectual evolution; second, to raise a number of worries about the argument of this particular article; third, to illuminate some of the interesting variety in nineteenth-century communitarianism; and fourth, to insist on the complexity of questions about ‘feasibility’. I maintain that Engels underestimates the variety of contemporary communitarianism, and that his appeal to the existence of intentional communities in America and Britain as proof of the feasibility of communism is unsuccessful.
Congruence between preferred and actual place of care and death among Danish cancer patients
Authors: Brogaard Trine , Neergaard Mette A , Sokolowski Ineta , Olesen Frede , Jensen Anders B
Published: March 2012

Background:

Meeting patient’s preferences is an important outcome in palliative care. No Scandinavian study has reported systematically collected preferences from patients regarding place of care (POC) and place of death (POD). The extent of possible incongruence between patients’ preferences and reality remains unknown.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to describe patients’ preferred POC and POD and changes in preferences over time and to evaluate congruence between preferences and reality. Furthermore, the aim was to search for predictive factors regarding patients’ wishes and fulfilment of these.

Method:

This is a prospective interview and questionnaire study.

Setting/participants:

The study was conducted in the former Aarhus County, Denmark and 96 end-stage cancer patients participated.

Results:

Of the patients, who stated a preference, 84% preferred home care and 71% preferred home death. A positive association between living with a partner and both wishing for home care and home death was observed (prevalence ratio (PR): 1.66 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.07, 2.58), p = 0.02 and PR: 2.33 (95% CI: 1.14, 4.77), p = 0.02, respectively). Marked changes in preferences were observed. Overall, preferences were met for approximately half of the patients, although kappa values were low ( κ=0.132 for POC and κ=0.034 for POD).We found a significant association between being cared for in the preferred place and having contact with a palliative care team (PR: 2.01 (95% CI: 1.02, 3.98), p = 0.045).

Conclusion:

Regular discussions with patients on this subject are needed. Social and professional support is of importance in meeting patients’ preferences. Larger scaled studies and research focusing on meeting patients’ preferences are needed.
Theorist of Subaltern Subjectivity: Antonio Gramsci, Popular Beliefs, Political Passion, and Reciprocal Learning
Authors: Reed Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2012

Some recent positions on Antonio Gramsci portray him as a vanguardist who outright rejects common sense and popular culture as playing a role in counter-hegemony or political resistance. This manuscript seeks to provide a corrective to these recent portrayals. It does so by accurately evaluating Gramsci’s position on the dialectical relationship subaltern (popular) beliefs have to counter-hegemony; by considering his bottom-up stance on the relationship organic intellectuals have to the subaltern; by focusing on his cutting edge position on ideological articulation; and in light of his articulations regarding the role of subaltern passion and subaltern-centered pedagogy for counter-hegemony. As a way to illustrate the significance of the subaltern for counter-hegemony, the potential of popular religion for counter-hegemony is explored.
Do Economic Equality and Generalized Trust Inhibit Academic Dishonesty? Evidence From State-Level Search-Engine Queries
Authors: Neville Lukas
Published: March 2012

What effect does economic inequality have on academic integrity? Using data from search-engine queries made between 2003 and 2011 on Google and state-level measures of income inequality and generalized trust, I found that academically dishonest searches (queries seeking term-paper mills and help with cheating) were more likely to come from states with higher income inequality and lower levels of generalized trust. These relations persisted even when controlling for contextual variables, such as average income and the number of colleges per capita. The relation between income inequality and academic dishonesty was fully mediated by generalized trust. When there is higher economic inequality, people are less likely to view one another as trustworthy. This lower generalized trust, in turn, is associated with a greater prevalence of academic dishonesty. These results might explain previous findings on the effectiveness of honor codes.
The Effect of Narrative News Format on Empathy for Stigmatized Groups
Authors: Oliver Mary Beth , Dillard James Price , Bae Keunmin , Tamul Daniel J.
Published: March 2012

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the extent to which news story format (narrative vs. non-narrative) can initiate empathic processes that produce more favorable evaluations of stigmatized groups. Participants ( N = 399) read one of two versions of a story that described health care–related dilemmas for either immigrants, prisoners, or the elderly. Narrative-formatted stories produce more compassion toward the individuals in the story, more favorable attitudes toward the group, more beneficial behavioral intentions, and more information-seeking behavior.
Warning labels formulated as questions positively influence smoking-related risk perception
Authors: Glock Sabine , Müller Barbara CN , Ritter Simone M
Published: March 2012

Research on warning labels printed on cigarette packages has shown that fear inducing health warnings might provoke defensive responses. This study investigated whether reformulating statements into questions could avoid defensive reactions. Smokers were presented with either warning labels formulated as questions, textual warning labels, graphic warning labels, or no warning labels. Participants’ smoking-related risk perception was higher after exposure to warning labels formulated as questions or no warning labels than after exposure to textual or graphic warning labels. These results indicate that reformulating statements into questions can avoid defensive responses elicited by textual- and graphic warning labels.
The effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system gene polymorphisms on insulin resistance in hypertensive families
Authors: Hsiao Chin-Fu , Sheu Wayne WH , Hung Yi-Jen , Lin Ming-Wei , Curb David , Ranadex Koustubh , Quertermous Thomas , Chen Yue-Ming , Chen Ida Yi-Der , Wu Kwan-Dun
Published: March 2012

Introduction:

The hereditability of insulin resistance has been demonstrated in both familial and twin studies. The effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system gene polymorphisms on insulin resistance remain inconclusive.

Methods:

This is a sibling-based association study. Polymorphisms of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes were examined in 1113 hypertension and 676 normotension siblings from Chinese and Japanese hypertensive families. The generalized estimation equations method was used to compare the differences in metabolic variables between hypertension and normotensive siblings.

Results:

For the G-6A polymorphism of AGT, GG siblings had lower 2-h insulin than siblings carrying the A allele ( p=0.006). Siblings with different variants of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C had no difference in metabolic variables. Siblings carrying the D allele of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene had higher levels of fasting glucose, fasting insulin, area under the curve of insulin levels and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance than II siblings (all p<0.05). Lower levels of fasting glucose and 2-h glucose were observed in siblings with the T allele than their CC homozygotes for the C-344T polymorphism of CYP11B2 ( p<0.05). Siblings carrying three high-risk genotypes of the angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensinogen and CYP11B2 had higher fasting glucose level than siblings carrying no high-risk genotypes ( p=0.011).

Conclusion:

Our comprehensive analysis of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system gene polymorphisms demonstrates that the angiotensin converting enzyme and CYP11B2 gene polymorphisms are associated with insulin resistance in hypertensive families.
MUC2polymorphisms are associated with endometriosis development and infertility: a case-control study
Authors: Chang Cherry Yin-Yi , Chen Yi , Lin Wu-Chou , Chen Chih-Mei , Chen Chih-Ping , Lee Shan-Chih , Sheu Jim Jinn-Chyuan , Tsai Fuu-Jen
Published: March 2012

Background

Mucins are highly glycosylated proteins protecting and lubricating epithelial surface of respiratory, gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts. Members of the mucin protein family have been suggested to play an important role in development of endometriosis and infertility. This study investigates genetic association of mucin2 (MUC2) with the risk of endometriosis and endometriosis-related infertility.

Methods

This case-control study was conducted at China Medical University Hospital, with 195 endometriosis patients and 196 healthy controls enrolled. Genotyping of six SNPs (rs2856111, rs11245936, rs10794288, rs10902088, rs7103978 and rs11245954) withinMUC2gene were performed by usingTaqmangenotyping assay; individual SNP and haplotype associations with endometriosis and endometriosis-related infertility were assessed byχ2test.

Results

Endometriosis patients exhibit significantly lower frequency of the rs10794288 C allele, the rs10902088 T allele and the rs7103978 G allele (P= 0.030, 0.013 and 0.040, respectively). In addition, the rs10794288 C allele and the rs10902088 T allele were also less abundant in patients with infertility versus fertile ones (P= 0.015 and 0.024, respectively). Haplotype analysis of the endometriosis associated SNPs inMUC2also showed significantly association between the most common haplotypes and endometriosis or endometriosis-related infertility.

Conclusions

MUC2polymorphisms, especially rs10794288 and rs10902088, are associated with endometriosis as well as endometriosis-related infertility. Our data present MUC2 as a new candidate involved in development of endometriosis and related infertility in Taiwanese Han women.
CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration is an independent favorable prognostic indicator in basal-like breast cancer
Authors: Liu Shuzhen , Lachapelle Jonathan , Leung Samuel , Gao Dongxia , Foulkes William D , Nielsen Torsten O
Published: March 2012

Introduction

Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes may indicate an immune response to cancer development, but their significance remains controversial in breast cancer. We conducted this study to assess CD8+ (cytotoxic T) lymphocyte infiltration in a large cohort of invasive early stage breast cancers, and to evaluate its prognostic effect in different breast cancer intrinsic subtypes.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry for CD8 staining was performed on tissue microarrays from 3992 breast cancer patients. CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were counted as intratumoral when in direct contact with tumor cells, and as stromal in adjacent locations. Kaplan-Meier functions and Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to examine the associations between tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and breast cancer specific survival.

Results

Among 3403 cases for which immunohistochemical results were obtained, CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were identified in an intratumoral pattern in 32% and stromal pattern in 61% of the cases. In the whole cohort, the presence of intratumoral tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was significantly correlated with young age, high grade, estrogen receptor negativity, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positivity and core basal intrinsic subtype, and was associated with superior breast cancer specific survival. Multivariate analysis indicated that the favorable prognostic effect of CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes was significant only in the core basal intrinsic subgroup (Hazard ratio, HR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.23-0.54). No association with improved survival was present in those triple negative breast cancers that lack expression of basal markers (HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.48-2.04) nor in the other intrinsic subtypes.

Conclusions

CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes are an independent prognostic factor associated with better patient survival in basal-like breast cancer, but not in non-basal triple negative breast cancers nor in other intrinsic molecular subtypes.
James Fenimore Cooper and the Invention of the Passing Novel
Authors: Sanborn Geoffrey
Published: March 2012

Sanborn's essay seeks to demonstrate that The Headsman, an overlooked 1833 novel by James Fenimore Cooper, is an allegory of racial passing. After showing that the dominant aim of this melodrama about a Swiss executioner's family is to critique white American prejudice against African Americans, and that it does so by dramatizing the consequences of passing for three members of that family, Sanborn considers the implications of the fact that the end of the novel seems to reverse, or at least neutralize, that critique. Although Cooper is quite serious about the antiracist message of the novel, the involutions of its ending suggest that by impersonating characters whom he thinks of as light-skinned black people passing as white, Cooper seeks imaginative pleasures just as much as, if not more than, he advances political aims. It is worth considering, Sanborn concludes, whether the same may be said of other passing novels—whether the painful secret keeping of literary passers is, for writers and readers alike, more pleasurable than we have imagined.
The Ordering Power of Disorder: Henry Adams and the Return of the Darwinian Era
Authors: Fleissner Jennifer L.
Published: March 2012

Fleissner's essay explores a possible response to the recent return of what Cynthia Russett called “the intellectual imperium of the Darwinian era” through the writings of Henry Adams. Considering Adams's work—particularly The Education (1907), Mont St.-Micheland Chartres (1904), and his “Letter to American Teachers of History” (1910)—in relation to the philosophical writings of Hans Blumenberg and Hans Jonas on the status of nature in modernity, Fleissner argues that recent Darwinisms, including those adopted by “Darwinist literary criticism,” conceive of an “ordering power of disorder” that makes them more similar to the poststructuralism they imagine themselves most strenuously to oppose than they are to the thinkers discussed here. For Adams in particular, the advent of modernity entailed a revelation of chaos at the heart of things that could never be folded back into an orderly meaningfulness.
“He Fell Just Short of Being News”: Gatsby's Tabloid Shadows
Authors: Wilson Christopher P.
Published: March 2012

Wilson's essay examines The Great Gatsby's depiction, displacement, and appropriation of the urban tabloid journalism of its day. By offering a direct look at the rhetorical forms and visual cues of the tabloids surrounding F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel—and in particular the “intermedial” strategies that were designed to mobilize readers to engage news stories and insert themselves in such tales—this essay argues that Fitzgerald's reenvisioning of tabloid culture permeates both his aesthetic technique and Nick Carraway's attempts to provide an account of the scandalous “death car” crime at the heart of the book. Rather than competing with the novel's modernist form, mass culture therefore helps to constitute it: suffusing Fitzgerald's account of popular reading, shaping the text's experimental use of background and foreground, and ultimately complicating the portrait of Jay Gatsby's criminality. In the end, these tabloid shadows allow us to challenge the recent revisionist arguments about the corporate and Fordist character of Gatsby's gangsterhood, and to reassess Fitzgerald's contribution to the form of vernacular modernism we now call American noir.
Revolution and Counterrevolution in Tunisia: The Forty Days That Shook the Country
Authors: Saidani Mounir
Published: March 2012

We cannot yet know what the outcome will be of the Tunisian Revolution. Its beginning, on December 17, 2010, with Mohamed Bouazizi’s self-immolation, gave birth to a genuine process of jumps, jerks, pauses, stops, starts, restarts, and waves of highs and lows. The resulting dialectic of conflict and appeasement highlights this as a process of making, unmaking, and remaking that is being driven by an intense ongoing struggle between emergent social forces and established political formations. We indeed find ourselves in the midst of “events and practices” warranting apprehension as significant expressions in the “constructive work of bold sociological analysis.” There is a fairly high risk that what we experience will be lost forever to a forgetfulness that is hopelessly closed off from the flow of life. The objective in this essay is to offer a preliminary provisional account of what has transpired during the initial phase of the Tunisian Revolution. The basis for this account is direct observation as a participant in the events, augmented by a documentation of dates, numbers, names, and other material garnered from newspaper and television reportage, Facebook pages, as well as information and analyses from blogs. It follows rather classical sociohistorical criteria for evaluating the occurrence of revolutions, symbolized by the various more or less violent clashes between the involved conflicting forces, and, in accordance with the fundamentals of historiography and maintaining a modicum of methodological rigor, the account is restricted to the first forty days of the revolution.
Symposium on Youth of the Revolution of Dignity and Democracy, Thursday, February 17, 2011
Authors: Temimi Abdeljelil
Published: March 2012

In the interest of defending the Revolution of Dignity and Democracy, the Temimi Foundation organized a series of symposia on the revolution, producing a full audio-video record of the dialogue and discussions of dozens of the revolution’s leading activists, which have been transcribed and will first be published in Arabic, to be followed by French and English translations, with the aim of recording in detail the Revolution of Dignity and Democracy as it was occurring. Pending the publication of this book, which documents the impulses, aspirations, and hopes of the youth of the revolution, along with critical interventions from prominent personages representing various intellectual convictions and currents of civil society, we offer here the transcribed text of the symposium devoted to the youth of the revolution, held on Thursday, February 17, 2011, where a number of those who contributed directly to the revolution were given the occasion to communicate the background motivations that caused them to inaugurate the revolution, as well as those fundamental demands to which they are unwaveringly dedicated. The Tunisian public will discover from this faithful transcript of the Temimi Foundation’s Youth of the Revolution Symposium the extent to which the political class has failed to recognize the significance of the youth’s essential role in the revolution. Many of Tunisia’s politicians, legislators, and journalists have not communicated with these young people, some of them going so far as to state that the revolution lacks leadership.
Sumoylation is tumor-suppressive and confers proliferative quiescence to hematopoietic progenitors inDrosophila melanogasterlarvae
Authors: Kalamarz Marta E. , Paddibhatla Indira , Nadar Christina , Govind Shubha
Published: March 2012

How cell-intrinsic regulation of the cell cycle and the extrinsic influence of the niche converge to provide proliferative quiescence, safeguard tissue integrity, and provide avenues to stop stem cells from giving rise to tumors is a major challenge in gene therapy and tissue engineering. We explore this question in sumoylation-deficient mutants of Drosophila. In wild type third instar larval lymph glands, a group of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells acquires quiescence; a multicellular niche supports their undifferentiated state. However, how proliferative quiescence is instilled in this population is not understood. We show that Ubc9 protein is nuclear in this population. Loss of the SUMO-activating E1 enzyme, Aos1/Uba2, the conjugating E2 enzyme, Ubc9, or the E3 SUMO ligase, PIAS, results in a failure of progenitors to quiesce; progenitors become hyperplastic, misdifferentiate, and develop into microtumors that eventually detach from the dorsal vessel. Significantly, dysplasia and lethality of Ubc9 mutants are rescued when Ubc9wt is provided specifically in the progenitor populations, but not when it is provided in the niche or in the differentiated cortex. While normal progenitors express high levels of the Drosophila cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 homolog, Dacapo, the corresponding overgrown mutant population exhibits a marked reduction in Dacapo. Forced expression of either Dacapo or human p21 in progenitors shrinks this population. The selective expression of either protein in mutant progenitor cells, but not in other hematopoietic populations, limits overgrowth, blocks tumorogenesis, and restores organ integrity. We discuss an essential and complex role for sumoylation in preserving the hematopoietic progenitor states for stress response and in the context of normal development of the fly.
The perils of relying on anti-hepatitis B total core antibody in screening individuals infected with HIV
Authors: Thng C , Babiker Z O E , Brown B , Babu C
Published: March 2012

Co-infection with HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) has serious long-term consequences. We describe a case of an HIV-infected heterosexual black African man with a delayed diagnosis of HBV infection. Baseline HBV screening was performed using a sequential testing algorithm starting with a total core antibody (anti-HBc) test, which was negative. He had no evidence of immunity against HBV and subsequently received three unsuccessful courses of HBV vaccination. He had mild but persistent elevation of liver enzymes over a five-year period despite maintaining full suppression of HIV replication on efavirenz, lamivudine and zidovudine; the latter was changed to abacavir due to lipoatrophy. Further testing revealed e-antibody positive chronic HBV infection with undetectable anti-HBc reactivity. High-grade HBV viraemia associated with L180M and M240V drug-resistance mutations was confirmed. He was subsequently switched to a tenofovir-based regimen, which achieved HBV suppression. Adopting effective HBV screening strategies in HIV-infected patients is recommended.
Comparison of the underestimation rate in cases with ductal carcinoma in situ at ultrasound-guided core biopsy: 14-gauge automated core-needle biopsy vs 8- or 11-gauge vacuum-assisted biopsy
Authors: Suh Y J , Kim M J , Kim E-K , Moon H J , Kwak J Y , Koo H R , Yoon J H
Published: March 2012

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the underestimation rate of invasive carcinoma in cases with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) at percutaneous ultrasound-guided core biopsies of breast lesions between 14-gauge automated core-needle biopsy (ACNB) and 8- or 11-gauge vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB), and to determine the relationship between the lesion type (mass or microcalcification on radiological findings) and the DCIS underestimation rate.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed imaging-guided biopsies of breast lesions performed from February 2003 to August 2008. 194 lesions were diagnosed as DCIS at ultrasound-guided core biopsy: 138 lesions in 132 patients by 14-gauge ACNB, and 56 lesions in 56 patients by 8- or 11-gauge VAB. The histological results of the core biopsy samples were correlated with surgical specimens. The clinical and radiological findings were also reviewed. The histological DCIS underestimation rates were compared between the two groups and were analysed for differences according to the clinical and radiological characteristics of the lesions.

Results: The DCIS underestimation rate was 47.8% (66/138) for 14-gauge ACNB and 16.1% (9/56) for VAB (p<0.001). According to the lesion type on sonography, DCIS underestimation was 43.4% (63/145) in masses (47.6% using ACNB and 15.8% using VAB; p=0.012) and 24.5% (12/49) in microcalcifications (50.0% using ACNB and 16.2% using VAB; p=0.047).

Conclusion: The underestimation rate of invasive carcinoma in cases with DCIS at ultrasound-guided core biopsies was significantly higher for ACNB than for VAB. Furthermore, this difference does not change according to the lesion type on ultrasound. Therefore, ultrasound-guided VAB can be a useful method for the diagnosis of DCIS lesions presented as either mass or microcalcification.
Verständliche Sprache im Zeitalter automatischer Texterzeugung?
Authors: Stetter Christian
Published: March 2012

Beschrieben wird hier, was "Textverständlichkeit" eigentlich heißt und wie sie sich in komplexen medialen Strukturen großer Unternehmen oder anderer Institutionen organisieren lässt. Dabei wird eine Reihe von verbreiteten Irrtümern über sprachliche Kommunikation wie über Mittel und Medien korrigiert. Dies ist Grundlage dafür, die Pflege von Textverständlichkeit als eine strategische, nur längerfristig zu lösende Unternehmensaufgabe zu begreifen. Insbesondere geht es darum, zu verstehen, dass die sprachlichlogischen und die technisch-medialen Fragen erst zusammen das Problem bilden, das wohl für jedes größere Unternehmen, aber auch für komplexe Institutionen anderer Art zu lösen ist. Denn gelingende interne wie externe Kommunikation ist die Basis für jedes weitere unternehmerische wie institutionelle Handeln.
Grønlands havalger
Authors: Athanasiadis Athanasios
Published: March 2012

No abstract available
Relação entre a cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família e o diagnóstico de sífilis na gestação e sífilis congênita
Authors: Saraceni Valéria , Miranda Angélica Espinosa
Published: March 2012

Este estudo procurou correlacionar as informações disponíveis em sistemas nacionais de informação em saúde sobre notificações de sífilis em gestante, sífilis congênita e cobertura populacional da Estratégia Saúde da Família (FHS). As estimativas de notificação foram calculadas de acordo com o Estudo Sentinela Parturiente de 2004 do Ministério da Saúde e os dados observados foram obtidos na Internet, nas páginas da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e da Secretaria de Atenção em Saúde, para o ano de 2008. As razões observadas sobre estimadas para sífilis em gestante e sífilis congênita e a cobertura populacional da FHS por macrorregião brasileira não apresentaram correlação (r = -0,28 e r = -0,40, respectivamente). A FHS se apresenta como local privilegiado para realização do pré-natal e, logicamente, fonte da notificação compulsória de sífilis em gestante. Acoplando diagnóstico com o tratamento adequado da sífilis na gestante e no parceiro, a FHS é instrumento primordial para a eliminação da sífilis congênita no Brasil. Expansão da cobertura e cuidado de qualidade são essenciais para o alcance da meta.
Articulação da indústria farmacêutica brasileira com o exterior: há evidências de especialização regressiva?
Authors: Mota Fábio Batista , Cassiolato José Eduardo , Gadelha Carlos Augusto Grabois
Published: March 2012

Em caráter exploratório, o objetivo deste artigo é investigar se há indícios de especialização regressiva no padrão de comércio exterior da indústria farmacêutica brasileira, a partir da liberalização comercial dos anos 1990. Para tanto, foi realizada uma análise estatística descritiva valendo-se de dados de comércio exterior de produtos farmacêuticos e químicos orgânicos, disponíveis no sistema ALICEweb, do Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior, abrangendo os períodos 1989-1995 e 1996-2008. Os resultados, sobretudo a evolução do padrão de comércio com países desenvolvidos, sugerem indícios de especialização regressiva.
A associação entre a proximidade a equipamentos desportivos e a prática de atividade desportiva em adolescentes de 13 anos de idade do Município do Porto, Portugal
Authors: Autran Roseanne Gomes , Ramos Elisabete , Pina Maria de Fátima de , Santos Maria Paula
Published: March 2012

O ambiente construído pode influenciar a prática desportiva. O objetivo foi examinar a associação entre a proximidade (500m) de equipamentos desportivos e a participação em atividades desportivas. Foram avaliados 1.175 (54% meninas) estudantes de 13 anos de idade matriculados em escolas públicas e privadas do Município do Porto, Portugal. A atividade desportiva foi avaliada utilizando um questionário autoaplicável. As residências dos participantes e os equipamentos públicos foram georreferenciados. Foi calculada uma matriz de distância da residência de cada participante até os equipamentos. A maioria dos adolescentes (87%) reside na proximidade de, pelo menos, um equipamento desportivo. Não foram encontradas diferenças na prática desportiva relacionadas com a proximidade aos equipamentos (< 500m vs. > 500m), sendo as proporções 44% vs. 38%, p = 0.414 (meninas) e 72% vs. 61%, p = 0.094 (meninos). A proximidade de equipamentos não estava associada com a prática do desporto.
Concentração de sódio e glicose em soro de reidratação oral preparado por Agentes Comunitários de Saúde
Authors: Carmo Liliane Fernandes do , Pereira Lilian Maciel Rosa , Silva Camilo Adalton Mariano da , Cunha Aureliano Claret da , Quintaes Kesia Diego
Published: March 2012

A diarreia infantil é importante causa de morbimortalidade, sendo indicativo para terapia de reidratação oral (TRO). Este estudo objetivou avaliar o teor de sódio e glicose em soro de reidratação oral preparado por Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) que atuam em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS), caracterizando o perfil e o conhecimento destes sobre a TRO. Após responderem questionário com informações profissionais e sobre a TRO, os ACS a prepararam por três métodos. O teor de glicose e de sódio das TRO foi determinado e comparado ao proposto pela OMS. Na análise estatística foram utilizados ANOVA, Tukey e odds ratio. Participaram do estudo 52 ACS, majoritariamente mulheres e com ensino médio completo (90,4%). A adequação da TRO foi de 3,9; 9,8 e 28,9% para a colher caseira, colher medida e punhado pitada, respectivamente. O preparo da TRO com a colher caseira resultou em 88,0% das amostras com teor de sódio perigoso à saúde (>101 mmol/L). Entre os ACS, 38,5% tinham menos de 2 anos de trabalho, com risco 4,8 vezes maior de preparar TRO inadequada em sódio. Os ACS referiram indicar a TRO no tratamento da diarreia infantil, desconhecendo efeitos colaterais do preparo inadequado. A composição da TRO produzida pelos ACS foi inadequada em todos os métodos. É recomendável treinamento dos ACS no preparo da TRO.
Culturally Responsive Suicide Prevention in Indigenous Communities: Unexamined Assumptions and New Possibilities
Authors: Wexler Lisa M. , Gone Joseph P.
Published: March 2012

Indigenous communities have significantly higher rates of suicide than non-Native communities in North America. Prevention and intervention efforts have failed to redress this disparity. One explanation is that these efforts are culturally incongruent for Native communities. Four prevalent assumptions that underpin professional suicide prevention may conflict with local indigenous understandings about suicide. Our experiences in indigenous communities led us to question assumptions that are routinely endorsed and promoted in suicide prevention programs and interventions. By raising questions about the universal relevance of these assumptions, we hope to stimulate exchange and inquiry into the character of this devastating public health challenge and to aid the development of culturally appropriate interventions in cross-cultural contexts.
The relation and development of expenditure inequality and income inequality of Czech households
Authors: Malá Zdeňka , Cervená Gabriela
Published: March 2012

The paper focuses on an analysis of income inequality and expenditure
inequality of households in the Czech Republic for the period 2001 - 2009,
based on data from the Statistics of Family Accounts. The basic
methodological tool is the Gini coefficient and its decomposition according
to individual categories of consumer expenditure. The conducted research
reaches the conclusion that income inequality is higher than inequality in
consumer expenditure, and income inequality for the analyzed period is
growing at a higher rate than expenditure inequality. Tax-transfer tools
effectively eliminate income inequality, but nevertheless inequality of
disposable income exceeds the inequality of net monetary expenditure. As
regards the mutual relationship of income inequality and expenditure
inequality, expenditure inequality within a period of economic growth and
boom copied the course of income inequality, while within a period of
economic decline and recession both inequalities showed a completely
different development. The main determinant affecting income inequality may
be considered to be non-consumer expenditure, particularly expenditure for
the acquisition of real estate.
Deletion of the Androgen Receptor in Adipose Tissue in Male Mice Elevates Retinol Binding Protein 4 and Reveals Independent Effects on Visceral Fat Mass and on Glucose Homeostasis
Authors: McInnes Kerry J. , Smith Lee B. , Hunger Nicole I. , Saunders Philippa T.K. , Andrew Ruth , Walker Brian R.
Published: March 2012

Testosterone deficiency is epidemic in obese ageing males with type 2 diabetes, but the direction of causality remains unclear. Testosterone-deficient males and global androgen receptor (AR) knockout mice are insulin resistant with increased fat, but it is unclear whether AR signaling in adipose tissue mediates body fat redistribution and alters glucose homoeostasis. To investigate this, mice with selective knockdown of AR in adipocytes (fARKO) were generated. Male fARKO mice on normal diet had reduced perigonadal fat but were hyperinsulinemic and by age 12 months, were insulin deficient in the absence of obesity. On high-fat diet, fARKO mice had impaired compensatory insulin secretion and hyperglycemia, with increased susceptibility to visceral obesity. Adipokine screening in fARKO mice revealed a selective increase in plasma and intra-adipose retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) that preceded obesity. AR activation in murine 3T3 adipocytes downregulated RBP4 mRNA. We conclude that AR signaling in adipocytes not only protects against high-fat diet–induced visceral obesity but also regulates insulin action and glucose homeostasis, independently of adiposity. Androgen deficiency in adipocytes in mice resembles human type 2 diabetes, with early insulin resistance and evolving insulin deficiency.
Myogenic Tumors in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Parham David M. , Alaggio Rita , Coffin Cheryl M.
Published: March 2012

Neoplasms of striated and smooth muscle in children are a diverse group of neoplasms that have some unique aspects in contrast to these tumors in adults. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of infancy and childhood and is relatively common in adolescents. In contrast, smooth muscle tumors are relatively rare, and the various types of rhabdomyoma and smooth and skeletal muscle hamartomas are very uncommon. In recent years, the understanding of the pathologic and genetic aspects of rhabdomyosarcoma has been enhanced by adjunct techniques, such as immunohistochemistry and cytogenetic or molecular genetic analysis. The current classification of rhabdomyosarcoma emphasizes the histologic-prognostic correlations. This article reviews the clinicopathologic features of striated and smooth muscle tumors with an emphasis on the unique aspects of these neoplasms in children and adolescents and the differential diagnosis.
Fibrohistiocytic Tumors and Related Neoplasms in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Black Jennifer , Coffin Cheryl M. , Dehner Louis P.
Published: March 2012

Fibrohistiocytic tumors (FHTs) in children and adolescents range from the benign fibrous histiocytoma, or dermatofibroma, to a variety of intermediate and malignant neoplasms, such as dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans and high-grade undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (malignant fibrous histiocytoma). Those tumors as a group are comprised of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and histiocytes-dendritic cells with a variably prominent inflammatory infiltrate consisting of lymphocytes and eosinophils. Dendritic cells are also a major constituent of another group of neoplasms that include Langerhans cell histiocytosis, follicular and interdigitating cell sarcomas, and juvenile xanthogranuloma. These latter tumors are considered in this discussion for the sake of differential diagnosis and their possible histogenetic relationship to FHTs. Recent studies have suggested that the relationship between the fibroblast and histiocyte in the FHTs may reflect the intrinsic capacity to transdifferentiate from one to the other morphologic and functional state. The so-called “facultative fibroblast,” as a cell with fibroblastic and histiocytic properties, was discussed in the context of the fibrous xanthoma 50 years ago. Possibly the entire histogenetic concept of FHTs should be reconsidered in light of current studies.