bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associated Factories and Time to Occurrence of Tuberculosis Among Children on HIV/AIDS Care in Assosa and Pawe General Hospitals North West Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study 2020
Authors: Bizuneh Fassikaw kebede , Daba Tadese Tollosa , Mitike Belayneh Mengist , Fikretsion Tamrat sheawno , Negese Belete Negese
Published: December 2020

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) incidence in peadtrics and children living with human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) is an emerging global concern. Although, the incidence of TB among adult HIV patients is exhaustively studied in Ethiopia, but among children on HIV/AIDS care is overlooked. Knowledge of the time when TB develops during successive follow up could be helpful for time relevant intervention strategies.Methods: health institution based retrospective cohort study conducted among 421 children on HIV/AIDS from 2009-2018. Time to develop TB was defined as time from enrollment for ART care until development of TB among children on ART. Proportional hazard assumption was checked for each variable and no variable was found with Schoenfeld test <0.05. Variables with P-value <0.25 at bivariate Cox regression analysis were entered into multivariable Cox model. Multivariable Cox regression model with 95%CI and AHR was used to identify significant predictor variables to develop TB at P< 0.05.Result: Totally 421 children were followed for a total of 662.5 Person Years of observation (PYO). The maximum and minimum follow up time on ART was 0.37 and 4.49 years, respectively. The median age of the children on ART at enrollment was 8 years (IQR=2-15). The Overall incidence density of tuberculosis in HIV infected children was 9.6/ 100 PYOs 95%CI (8.06-10.3). Tuberculosis occurrence among HIV infected children was significantly associated within TB history of contact AHR=3.7, 95%CI (2.89-7.2), not started on cotrimoxazole(CPT) AHR=2.4: 95%CI (1.84-4.74), incomplete vaccination AHR=2.4, 95%CI (1.32-4.5), sever stunting AHR =2.99:95%CI (1.2-7.81), having hemoglobin (Hgb) ≤10 mg/dl AHR = 4.02, 95%CI (2.01-8.1).Conclusion: More than 80% of TB incidences occurred during two years of follow up after ART started. So intensified screening of CPT& therapeutic feeding is highly recommended for all children.
Physiological crosstalk between the Mel1a and Mel1c pathways modulates melatonin-mediated, monochromatic light combination-induced bursa B-lymphocyte proliferation in chickens
Authors: Zhang Yijia , Wang Zixu , Cao Jing , Dong Yulan , Chen Yaoxing
Published: December 2020

Background: Our previous study demonstrated that a combination of green and blue light (G→B or B→G) can improve the antibody titer in chickens compared with single monochromatic light, and melatonin is a critical signaling in the coordination between external light stimulation and the cellular response in the body. This study further clarifies the role of melatonin receptors in monochromatic lights combinations-induced bursa B-lymphocyte proliferation in chickens. Results: A total of 192 chickens were exposed to single monochromatic light (red [R], green [G], blue [B] or white [W] lights) or various monochromatic light combinations (B→G, G→B, R→B) from post-hatching day (P) 0 to P42. With consistency in the upregulation in melatonin level of plasma and melatonin receptors Mel1a, Mel1b and Mel1c expression of bursa, we observed increases in organ index, follicle area, lymphocyte density, B-lymphocyte proliferation, PCNA-positive cells and cyclin D1 expression in bursa of the G→B and B→G group compared with other light-treated groups. Melatonin bound to Mel1a and Mel1c and upregulated p-PKC, p-ERK and p-AKT expression, thereby activating PI3K/AKT and PKC/ERK signaling and inducing B-lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: These findings suggested that melatonin modulates a combination of green and blue light-induced B-lymphocyte proliferation in chickens via the Mel1a/PI3K/AKT and Mel1c/PKC/ERK pathways.
Exploring the Caring Incorporating Yoga Program in Promoting Physical Recovery of Stroke Patients in Acute Phase
Authors: Aryal Kalpana Paudel , Hatthakit Urai , Boonyoung Nongnut
Published: December 2020

Background: Caring science integrating cultural practices has become an important health resource to get positive health outcomes for hospitalized acutely ill patients. Yoga, a cultural practice, has the power to bring multiple physical improvements among chronic stroke patients. The purpose of the study is to analyze the experiences of participants by focusing on their roles and perceptions of the power of caring incorporating yoga to promote physical recovery among stroke patients during the acute phase. Methods: The study is part of an action research entitled "Development of a Caring Model Incorporating Yoga for Promoting Physical Recovery and Wisdom of People Living with Stroke" conducted in a neurology unit of a university hospital in Nepal. Purposeful sample was used to select participants consisting of 16 nurses, 16 stroke patients and their family caregivers. Data was collected using semi-structured interview guidelines and was continued until data saturation. An inductive content analysis approach was used for data analysis.Results: Three main themes and nine sub-themes emerged from the qualitative data in terms of experiences of the participants of the program. The three main themes were "caring as a tool to establish trusting relationship in acute phase"; "yoga as a practical and powerful tool for physical recovery from stroke during acute phase"; and "perceived physical recovery as a result of the caring incorporating yoga program". Conclusions: The findings of the study showed that nurses can successfully facilitate early physical recovery of stroke patients using caring incorporating yoga during acute phase. As yoga is well accepted by Hindu stroke patients due to it being culturally congruent with their sociocultural background, it may be effective for physical recovery and healing of the whole person.
Trichoderma asperellum as a promising mycofungicide for managing the dieback disease of tea (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: kumhar kishor , Babu Azariah , Arulmarianathan John Peter , Deka Bhabesh , Bordoloi Mitali , Rajbongshi Hirakjyoti , Dey Pritam
Published: December 2020

Background: The dieback disease of tea caused by Fusarium solani is one of the major constraints in determining its production and quality. Genus Trichoderma is a promising biocontrol agent to control the dieback without any residual effect and is the most suitable option for integrated disease management approach. A few local Trichoderma spp were isolated from tea rhizosphere of the Dooars zone and preliminary identified. Based on dual culture bioassay, the most efficient isolate got re-identified from well reputed national institutes and its liquid formulation (2% Aqueous Suspension) was prepared. Different concentrations of this formulation, T. harzianum and Hexaconazole were evaluated for the control of dieback disease and other parameters for two seasons in three zones under field conditions.Results: The fungal antagonist (KBN-29) was identified as T. asperellum based on characteristics such as regular mycelial branching, typically paired conidiophores with straight phialides and globose to sub-globose shaped conidia. It had the maximum control of dieback pathogen in lab experiment. Plots sprayed with T. asperellum formulation at 1000 and 1200ml/ha concentration conferred better disease control and enhanced the yield of green leaves. The formulation was safe to non-target beneficial insects in all three zones without any phytotoxicity to tea leaves at 4, 8, and 16ml/L concentrations.Conclusions: The present study confirms that T. asperellum 2% AS formulation was significantly superior in managing the dieback disease of tea plantations in Darjeeling, Dooars, and Assam zones at concentration of 1200 followed by 1000 ml / ha during both seasons. The maximum made tea yield was achieved in plots treated with T. asperellum at 1200 followed 1000 ml/ha. This formulation was safe to beneficial insects viz., C. carnea, O. javanus, and S. gilvifrons, furthermore it was not phytotoxic to tea leaves at 4 to 16ml/L concentrations.
Ungraded Educational Оrganizations in Rural Areas: History and Modernity
Authors:   nstitute for the Development of Education Transbaikal Region, Olga Yu. Levchenko
Published: December 2020

In the national educational system, the rural school has traditionally been given a significant role, which is reflected in numerous studies published in different years. The analysis of historical and pedagogical sources revealed the main stages of the origin and development of rural schools in Russia. At the beginning of the XXI century rural ungraded educational organizations have not lost their significance and are widely represented in the educational space of the country. In modern conditions, the activities of educational organizations have a significant impact on the socio-cultural and economic condition of the village, being a key condition for the existence or revival of settlements.Appealing to regulatory documents dated from different periods made it possible to analyze the interpretation of the term “ungraded educational organization” in a historical retrospective. The study of historical and pedagogical sources and modern researches indicates the existence of certain features in the implementation of educational activities in ungraded educational organizations.Inherent organizational and pedagogical characteristics have an impact on the organization of foreign languageteaching. The problem of improving the quality of foreign language education in ungraded educational organizations located in rural areas continues to remain relevant. It requires its comprehensive study and search for more effective and methodically appropriate teaching methods, techniques and technologies, taking into account the existing historical experience. Achievement of the results of studying the subject area “Foreign languages” established in regulatory documents is possible only with teaching staff, having a higher level of subject-methodological training.
Actual Problems and Debatable Aspects in the Practice of Training Speech Therapists
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Elena V Zvoleyko
Published: December 2020

The process of professional training of future speech therapy teachers is closely related to the state of General and special education systems, focused on achievements in the development of the theory of speech therapy and the realities of practical speech therapy. All the factors the authors have noted make adjustments to the process of training speech therapists, often exposing the problems of their professionalization, generating discussion points in the course of professional training. The article discusses a number of problems that arise in the process of professionalization of future speech therapists. The first problem is related to the insufficient level of linguistic readiness of those who entered the training in the “Speech Therapy” profile. Another problem concerns the teaching of debatable aspects of speech therapy theory and practice-the unification of the categorical apparatus of speech therapy, the application of a scientifically based ratio of nosological and symptomological approaches in speech therapy theory and practice (when preparing speech therapy conclusions), the implementation of a comprehensive approach to the identification and correction of speech disorders, improving the differential diagnosis of various forms of speech disorders. The third problem of professional training of speech therapists is related to their future work with children with disabilities in the widespread practice of inclusive education. All the identified problems significantly affect the quality of speech therapists training, and therefore require discussion.
Organization of Environmental Education of the Younger Generation in the Process of Implementing a Social Project on Solid Municipal Waste Management
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Lyubov V. Kopylova , Dolgorma Ts. Anudarieva ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: December 2020

The problem of introducing environmental values into the educational process is of great social significance. The basis for the formation of a person aimed at realizing the responsibility for ensuring their future and further development of the biosphere is environmental education and education in the process, which requires the creation of a set of conditions that contribute to the acquisition of positive personal experience, including everyone in active activities. The article discusses conditions of organization of ecological-educational activities in the framework of the social project, implemented by the teachers and students, Transbaikal State University aimed at implementation of ecological education of the younger generation and the formation of their ecological culture in the field of municipal solid waste management, and the development of environmental competence of students through their participation in activities of volunteer groups of the University. The project provides for the creation of an environmental educational environment, which includes a set of measures aimed at environmental education and education of students and the population of Chita. A versatile and comprehensive impact on the environmental consciousness and attitude to the environmental problems of their region among students should certainly lead to an understanding of the need for and direct participation in the preservation of the environment for our future. The main target audience of the project are students of preschool educational institutions, students of secondary schools, students of colleges, technical schools and vocational schools, as well as students of higher educational institutions in the city of Chita. The implementation of this project will change the attitude of the younger generation to the environmental problems of localities; increase their level of environmental culture, environmental awareness and environmental responsibility for the problem of separate garbage collection.
Organization of Environmental Education of Preschoolers in the Conditions of the Natural and Socio-Cultural Environment of the Kindergarten
Authors:   Transbaikal State University of Russia, Nina G. Lavrentyeva
Published: December 2020

Currently, there is a need to improve the theory and practice of environmental education of preschool children in kindergarten and to transit to education for sustainable development. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the organization of environmental education of preschool children in kindergarten aimed at understanding the natural and socio-cultural ecosystems. Ecological systems are the universal units of the structure of the surrounding world. The focus of pedagogical activity on the organization of children’s cognitive and research activities in the ecosystems of the nearest natural and socio-cultural environment in the area of the nearest development of preschool age children allows enriching the subjective experience of children with ecological content – the basis of future ecological intuition. Ecological-system approach to the modeling of the educational process allows uniting all forms of organization of life and types of children’s activity in an educational institution into a single succession system. The basis for organizing the cognitive and research activity of preschoolers is the interest, cognitive needs and cognitive activity of children. The process of environmental l education fulfills the role of a systemic mechanism for reflecting and modeling the pictures of the surrounding world in the process of cognitive-research and creative activity in the areas of the nearest development and self-development of children. As a result of testing this organization system in practice of kindergartens activities, teachers note its convenience, effectiveness and positive results in the development of children.
«School» Everyday Life of the Early Twentieth Century: Based on the Materials of M. N. Khangalov’s Diaries
Authors:   D. Banzarov Buryat State University, Elizaveta N. Palkhaeva , Nataliy E. Zhukova ,   D. Banzarov Buryat State University, Tatiana V Palikova ,   D. Banzarov Buryat State University
Published: December 2020

The relevance of the research is determined by the enduring significance of a talented scientist M. N. Khangalov for the Buryat people, whose legacy is huge and still not fully studied. The diaries of Matvey Nikolaevich of the beginning of the XX century are of great scientific interest. The diaries also allow to judge his pedagogical activity, which has become for the scientist-ethnographer not only the main income, but also the manifestation of concern for the Buryat people. For a partial analysis of school daily life of Irkutsk governorate Bilchir district presented in diary entries, attention should be paid to the importance of the demonstration historical processes through the prism of personal perception and the need of using cross-cultural methods and methods of research of memoirs, in particular logical and textual analysis with a clear adherence to general historical principles. M. N. Khangalov in his diaries devoted special attention to certain problems of the educational process, the main of which was the problem of pedagogical staff such as the predominance of Russian teachers in the school who do not know the Buryat language and some of them do not perform their duties in good faith. The physical punishment of children and the need to expand classrooms because of the number pupils’ growth also reflected an awareness of the need for education and the growing confidence in schools, as well as an increase in Buryat teaching staff. As Director of the school, M. N. Khangalov recorded the complexity of school conditions in the national region, its material and organizational instability because of schools were kept at the expense of Steppe Duma and Russian teachers were not interested in coming to Buryat schools, as well as their hesitation in making decisions with moral and ethical considerations. In General, the diaries under study are an important document, which significantly complements, expands and clarifies the published heritage, and points to the need for further study of this ego source.
Study of the effect of various ingredients on the organoleptic and functional-technological properties of beef heart
Authors:   Gorbatov Research Center for Food Systems, V.V. Nasonova , E.V. Levina ,   Gorbatov Research Center for Food Systems, M.P. Artamonova ,   Moscow state University of food production
Published: December 2020

Offals are of interest to both factures of meat products and consumers. At the same time, the ambiguity of the organoleptic properties of offals and the lasted of their processing create barriers to the growth of their consumption. The studies carried out allowed us to demonstrate the most effective approaches to obtain the necessary organoleptic properties of a product with high functional -technological characteristics. The most effective approach to improve the properties of products from beef heart is using of lactic acid starter culture and citric acid.
Analysis of consumer preferences of buyers
Authors:   Gorbatov Research Center for Food Systems, D.N. Osyanin , I.V. Petrunina ,   Gorbatov Research Center for Food Systems
Published: December 2020

The paper presents statistical data that reflect pork production in the Russian Federation. It is noted that the main production growth in this meat type in agricultural organizations is conditioned by the high level of state support in the regions, modernization of existing pig complexes and construction of new ones. Moreover, according to our data, a drop in population’s income (more than by 5 %) is expected at the end of 2020 that would be a record since 2014. Therefore, as representatives of the largest companies notice, measures to support consumer demand for meat and meat products should be taken, and the assortment of the manufactured products should be optimized. These measures will allow enterprises to increase sales of meat and meat products and improve profitability. The study is aimed at obtaining topical information about pork consumers. The results of the study will be of current interest both for pork producers and for companies engaged in distribution, wholesale and retail trade.
What is biodegradable packaging in Russia?
Authors:   Gorbatov Research Center for Food Systems, N.M. Revutskaya , V.V. Nasonova ,   Gorbatov Research Center for Food Systems
Published: December 2020

Biodegradable packaging is widely discussed in the world due to the excessive pollution of the ecosystem with plastic waste. This problem causes the global public concern because of the risk of an environmental disaster, which stimulates the world community to take radical measures aimed, including, at resource-saving and environmentally safe handling of packaging and its waste. Once in the focus of global attention, biodegradable packaging becomes the subject of numerous discussions due to controversies in terms of its production, safety and further utilization. The most actual issues related to the current state and future prospects of production and use of biodegradable materials in Russia are considered
Influence of xanthane on carraginan gel syneresis
Authors:   Gorbatov Research Center for Food Systems, E.K. Tunieva , K.I. Spiridonov ,   Gorbatov Research Center for Food Systems
Published: December 2020

The combined use of polysaccharide have a positive effect on reducing syneresis of gels. The article presents the results of determining the syneresis of carrageenan gel in the presence of different concentrations of xanthan gum. The dependence of the increase in the syneresis of the carrageenan gel during storage on the dosage of the polysaccharide was revealed. It was found that the use of a mixture of carrageenan: xanthan in a ratio of 1: 1 led to reduce syneresis by more than 70 % in comparison with carrageenan gel without gum.
Holonomic implementation of CNOT gate on topological Majorana qubits
Authors: Calzona Alessio , Bauer Nicolas , Trauzettel Björn
Published: December 2020

The CNOT gate is a two-qubit gate which is essential for universal quantum computation. A well-established approach to implement it within Majorana-based qubits relies on subsequent measurement of (joint) Majorana parities. We propose an alternative scheme which operates a protected CNOT gate via the holonomic control of a handful of system parameters, without requiring any measurement. We show how the adiabatic tuning of pair-wise couplings between Majoranas can robustly lead to the full entanglement of two qubits, insensitive with respect to small variations in the control of the parameters.
Neomodernisme dan Reformasi Makna Al-Ushuliyah Islamiyah (Analisis Pemikiran Fazlur Rahman dan Abdurrahman Wahid)
Authors: Sabriana Nanda Dwi
Published: December 2020

Generasi muda Muslim yang hidup di Era revolusi industri nampaknya mengalami perubahan orientasi berfikir dalam proses implementasi nilai-nilai keislaman. Hal tersebut dapat terlihat dengan terbaginya generasi muslim menjadi dua kelompok tertentu. Kelompok pertama merupakan kelompok yang menolak segala perubahan dan stimulan kemodernan, hingga mengakibatkan maraknya diskriminasi HAM atas nama agama. Sedangkan kelompok muslim yang lain memiliki semangat perubahan tanpa Arah dan menjadikan Barat sebagai kiblat atas segala problematika kehidupan. Berkaca dari fenomena yang demikian penulis mencoba memberi respon dengan menjabarkan dua pemikiran tokoh Islam yakni, Abdurrahman Wahid dengan gagasan “Pesantren sebagai subkultur”, dan Fazlur Rahman dengan “Konsep Neomodernisme”. Kemudian, Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian korelasional antara kedua gagasan tersebut, di mana gagasan Pesantren sebagai subkultur milik Abdurrahman wahid mengacu pada konsep islam tradisional autentik, dan nilai keislaman yang mampu menciptakan stimulan keislaman fleksibel. Sedangkan konsep neomodernisme yang diprakarsai oleh Fazlur Rahman mengacu pada stimulan pergerakan islam modern, namun tetap mempertahankan nalar kritis dalam setiap perubahan dan ideologi yang digencarkan. Dengan konklusi akhir, kedua gagasan tersebut diharapkan mampu memberikan refleksi terhadap islam rahmatan lil’alamin serta menangkal segala isu kemanusiaan dan modernisasi atas nama agama, namun tetap mempertahankan Hukum Islam secara universal.
Developing methodical approaches to substantiating average annual maximum permissible concentrations of hazardous substances in ambient air in settlements as per acceptable health risk
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Zaitseva N.V. , Shur P.Z. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Chetverkina K.V. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Khasanova A.A. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

A methodological basis for providing chemical safety for population is obtained via fixing safe concentrations of hazardous substances, including those in ambient air, as it allows absence of unacceptable risks for people’s life and health. In the Russian Federation average daily maximum permissible concentrations (MPC av.d.) are applied to prevent chronic effects on human health produced by hazardous substances that are present in ambient air. But in world practice it is conventional to apply average annual concentrations when assessing chronic exposure to hazardous substances as it allows applying existing acceptable health risks as assessment criteria. We propose an algorithm for substantiating average annual MPC of chemicals in ambient air as per health risks criteria; the algorithm is harmonized with international approaches and takes into accounts research results taken from previous research works that have been published in relevant scientific sources. The algorithm also involves accomplishing toxicological and/or epidemiologic examinations solely aimed at obtaining missing data. The proposed algorithm envisages selecting starting points for substantiating a hygienic standard and uncertaintyfactors. Proposed methodical approaches have a distinctive feature that is verification of obtained standards as per acceptable (permissible) carcinogenic risk criteria and assessment of safety under exposure equal to MPC av.an. during the whole life span. Development and implementation of average annual maximum permissible concentrations of hazardous substances in ambient air will promote harmonization of the domestic regulatory base with hygienic standards and norms accepted in world practice.
Consumption of unregulated food items (false morels) and risk for neurodegenerative disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
Authors:   Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA, Spencer P.S.
Published: December 2020

Unknown environmental factors are thought to contribute to the etiology of sporadic forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Strong evidence supporting this view is found in the post-World War decline and disappearance of highincidence ALS in three Western Pacific populations that formerly utilized neurotoxic cycad seed as a traditional source of food and/or medicine. The principal toxins in cycads (cycasin) and in False Morel mushrooms (gyromitrin) generate methyl free radicals that damage DNA and cause mutation and uncontrolled division of cycling cells and degeneration of late-/postmitotic neurons. Since False Morels are scavenged for food in Finland, Russia, Spain, and USA, research studies are underway in Western Europe and USA to determine if the practice is associated with sporadic ALS.
Assessing probability of comorbid diseases of the CNS and digestive organs in children under combined exposure to chemical factors and factors related to educational process
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Kol'dibekova Yu.V. , Zemlyanova M.A. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Tsinker M.Yu. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Hygienic assessment of combined effects produced by heterogeneous factors on comorbid diseases in the nervous system and digestive organs in children is vital for early detection and prevention of health disorders given existing risks and threats. Our research goal was to estimate probability of comorbid diseases in the nervous system and digestive organs in children attending primary schools under combined exposure to chemical factors and factors related to the educational process. Our research objects were factors related to the educational process that produced their effects on children aged 7–10 who attended primary schools with different educational programs; chemicals contents in ambient air and air inside classrooms as well as in children’s blood; biochemical parameters of negative effects; models showing cause-and-effect relations. Our research results allowed us to identify priority influencing factors and their share contributions into negative effects development in case there was comorbidity with nervous system diseases and digestive organs diseases; to give grounds for biological markers of negative effects applied for early diagnostics and development of activities aimed at preventing comorbid disorders for schoolchildren. Implementation of an algorithm for calculating and estimating probability of comorbid diseases in the nervous system and digestive organs under combined exposure to heterogeneous factors involves determining additional comorbidity cases among children who attend schools with more comprehensive educational programs in comparison with children attending ordinary schools. Timely and adequate correction of detected influencing factors and development of activities aimed at preventing comorbid health disorders will allow minimizing risks of comorbid diseases in the nervous system and digestive organs in school children under combined exposure to chemical factors existing in the environment and inside classroom and factors related to the educational process.
Hygienic assessment of contribution made by cooling meteorological factors into occupational risks of health disorders for workers who have to work outdoors in cold season
Authors:   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 41 Kirochnaya Str., Saint Petersburg, 195067, Russian Federation, Polyakova E.M. ,   North-West Scientific Center for Hygiene and Public Health, 4 2 Sovetskaya Str., Saint Petersburg, 191036, Russian Federation, Mel'tser A.V. ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 41 Kirochnaya Str., Saint Petersburg, 195067, Russian Federation, Chashchin V.P. ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 41 Kirochnaya Str., Saint Petersburg, 195067, Russian Federation,   North-West Scientific Center for Hygiene and Public Health, 4 2 Sovetskaya Str., Saint Petersburg, 191036, Russian Federation, Erastova N.V. ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 41 Kirochnaya Str., Saint Petersburg, 195067, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Effects produced by hazardous occupational factors on workers employed in oil extraction often occur under low temperatures when workers have to perform their tasks outdoors. Our research goal was to assess a contribution made by cooling meteorological factors into health risks for workers performing their job tasks outdoors during a cold season in order to substantiate priority prevention activities. The research was performed on workers employed by a large oil extracting company who spent different amount of time outdoors during a cold season. A posteriori group risk was assessed according to the Guide as per results obtained via periodical medical examinations in 2017–2018. Working conditions were assessed basing on a report obtained via special assessment of working conditions and industrial control results. Cooling microclimate was assessed according to G 2.2.2006-05. Basing on the results of a priori group risk assessment, work places were ranked as per health disorders probability. It was shown that in-plant noise was the leading factor causing health risks. Besides, when working experience exceeded 20 years, cooling meteorological conditions also made a substantial contribution into risks occurrence. Obtained results indicate that it is necessary to develop medical and prevention activities for workers who have to spend a lot of time outdoors in areas with cold climatic conditions.
Complex approach to assessing risks and preventing various somatic diseases in workers (employed at furniture production)
Authors:   Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Saratov Region office, 7 Vol'skaya Str., Saratov, 410028, Russian Federation, Merkulova N.A. , Eliseev Yu.Yu. ,   Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky, 112 Bol'shaya Kazach'ya Str., Saratov, 410012, Russian Federation, Kozhanova O.I. ,   Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Saratov Region office, 7 Vol'skaya Str., Saratov, 410028, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

At present a number of contemporary furniture production enterprises is growing fast in Saratov region. And simultaneously there is a growth in number of working places that require adequate sanitary-hygienic assessment of their safety. Our research goal was to perform complex assessment of somatic diseases risks for workers employed at furniture production. We examined 323 workers employed at «Maria» furniture factory. To perform assessment, we applied sanitary-hygienic, laboratory-instrumental, and statistic research techniques. It was established that 23 % workers had to work under hazardous working conditions (hazard category 3.2); 37 % workers had to work under conditions belonging to hazard category 3.1; 39 % examined workers had optimal and acceptable conditions at their workplaces (category 1–2). Having examined workers’ age groups, we revealed that workers aged 21–30 prevailed among the examined ones and average working experience amounted to 5.4 years for people of this age. The second in number were workers aged 31–40 with their working experience being equal to 8.5 years. At the next stage in our research we examined morbidity among workers employed at furniture production. Thus, it was established that diseases of the nervous system were the most frequent among the examined workers (33.3 %); they were followed by respiratory diseases (20.4 %), cardiovascular diseases (12.1 %), and digestive organs diseases (10.2 %). The third stage involved examining hereditary burdens on morbidity among workers employed at furniture production. Thus, 108 workers were established to have various diseases and 79.6 % of them had hereditary predisposition. At the final stage in our research we examined retrospect data on changes in workers’ life quality over 2015. The obtained data were compared with occurrence or absence of new diseases cases over the next three years.
Analysis of individual occupational health risks for workers with basic occupations typical for oil processing enterprises
Authors:   The Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Str., Orenburg, 460000, Russian Federation, Setko N.P. , Movergoz S.V. ,   The Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Str., Orenburg, 460000, Russian Federation, Bulycheva E.V. ,   The Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Str., Orenburg, 460000, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

At present a systemic approach based on occupational risk assessment methodology is a key to adequate detection of cause-and-effect relations between a disease and working conditions. Our research goal was to calculate and assess individual occupational health risks for operators and drivers employed at an oil processing enterprise. Our research object were parameters revealed via special assessment of working conditions and data obtained via periodical medical examinations performed on 198 operators and 160 drivers employed at an oil processing enterprise. A procedure for calculating individual occupational health risks took into account working conditions, individual health, working experience, and workers’ age. Influence exerted by working experience duration on health of workers from the examined occupational groups was estimated in three groups: working experience shorter or equal to 5 years; working experience equal to 6–10 years; working experience being longer than 10 years. Integral assessment of working conditions was obtained taking into account impacts exerted by occupational factors with different hazard categories, assessed risks of injuries and assessment of workers’ protection with individual protection means. We calculated integral parameters of working conditions assessment, hazard parameters at workplaces, and one-number integral values of individual occupational risks. We determined that 91 % drivers and 34.9 % operators ran high and extremely high occupational risks of diseases; those risks changed individually depending on hazard occupational factors at workplaces, age, working experience, and a worker’s health. It was shown that high individual occupational risks were much more frequent among drivers and operators with long working experience (6–10 years and longer) who had III–IV health groups and worked under hazardous conditions.
Isolation and characterization of staphylococcus aureus from two large-scale food poisoning outbreaks in Vietnam
Authors:   Vietnam Food Administration, 1135 Pho Nui Truc, Giang Vo, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam, Hung Lam Quoc , Nguyen Huong Minh ,   Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, CauGiay, Hanoi, Vietnam, Yen Ta Thi ,   National Institute for food control, NIFC-Vietnam, 65 Pham Than Duat, Hanoi, Vietnam, Hoa Le Vinh ,   National Institute for food control, NIFC-Vietnam, 65 Pham Than Duat, Hanoi, Vietnam, Ba Tran Hong ,   National Institute for food control, NIFC-Vietnam, 65 Pham Than Duat, Hanoi, Vietnam, Quyen Pham Le ,   National Institute for food control, NIFC-Vietnam, 65 Pham Than Duat, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Quang Binh Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, USA, Huong Do Thi Thu ,   National Agro-Forestry Fisheries Quality Assurance Department, 10 Nguyen Kong Hoan, Ba Đình, Hanoi, Vietnam, Trung Nguyen Thanh ,   National Institute for food control, NIFC-Vietnam, 65 Pham Than Duat, Hanoi, Vietnam, Hao Le Thi Hong ,   National Institute for food control, NIFC-Vietnam, 65 Pham Than Duat, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: December 2020

In Vietnam and around the world, Staphylococcus aureus remains a major hazard of food safety and food poisoning. S. aureus is present in many places and easily contaminates food production during processing chains. In this study, we successfully isolated S. aureus strains from suspected samples of two food borne poisoning outbreaks in Ha Giang and Vinh Phuc in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The collected samples were examined for presence of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) by using 3MTMTECRATM Staph Enterotoxin kit, from there all the samples were positive with SEs. Different strains of S. aureus were isolated and then confirmed by MALDI-TOF technique. Those strains then were stored in Brain heart solution with 15% glycerol until further analysis. Our results identified three STs, ST96, ST88 (spa type t7558), and ST72 (spa type t3092), were responsible for two outbreaks. Two virulence genes detected from the above strains were sea and sec. Furthermore, these strains are test for antibiotic resistance susceptibility with commonly antibiotics. Penicillin are found to be resisted by all three STs, in particularly, ST96 and ST88 are both resistant to erythromycin while ST72 is resistant to gentamicin. Taken together, our study highlights the usefulness of molecular characterization to study and monitor bacterial pathogens associated with food poisoning outbreaks in Vietnam.
Assessing risks of developing myeloproliferative diseases complications with laser doppler flowmetry
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, 49 Leningradskii Ave., 125993, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bogomolov A.I. , Davydkin I.L. ,   Samara State Medical University, 89 Chapaevskaya Str., Samara, 443099, Russian Federation, Savinov E.A. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, 49 Leningradskii Ave., 125993, Moscow, Russian Federation, Popel'nyuk N.S. ,   Samara State Medical University, 89 Chapaevskaya Str., Samara, 443099, Russian Federation, Naumova K.V. ,   Samara State Medical University, 89 Chapaevskaya Str., Samara, 443099, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Public healthcare in Russia faces many challenges; meeting them requires non-standard and innovative approaches. The set tasks are being solved within the «Public healthcare development» State program. A sub-program within it is called «Development and implementation of innovative diagnostics, prevention, and treatment procedures as well as basics of personified medicine». This sub-program involves wide use of information and digital technologies. Personified medicine envisages developing such methods that would allow early detection of a probable disease even at a preliminary stage in examining a patient; this detection is to be based on a simple and relatively cheap diagnostic technology and to provide a medical center with reliable data on detected signs of a disease for a further diagnosis. Mass use of such technologies also requires truly reliable mathematic procedures and models for putting a preliminary diagnosis. At present cardiovascular diseases are still the leading cause of death all over the world; they develop due to variable factors including influence exerted by malignant neoplasms and also due to chemotherapy. The paper contains data collected by contemporary medical experts on case histories and complications of myeloproliferative diseases caused by vascular system pathology that holds the first rank place as per mortality worldwide. It was detected that both pathological cellular mass and medications applied to treat myeloproliferative neoplasms could produce adverse effects on vascular endothelium damage to which plays the leading role in cardiovascular continuum. To assess risks of myeloproliferative diseases complications, we examined patients using Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF). The results were processed with a logistic regression model. As per ROC-analysis results the obtained diagnostic criterion has sensitivity (1 – β) and specificity, (1 – α) that are equal to 0.87 and 0.96 accordingly, and it means diagnostics is high-quality. The procedure and the mode can be applied in digital medicine.
Pojęcie supozycji sądu w poglądach polskich filozofów
Authors: Panek Marek
Published: December 2020

The concept of „supposition" has already been brought in by the scholastics (suppositio) for describing different relations between objects and names, which refer to these objects. In the XX century, the problem of supposition, understood som ew hat different than by the scholastics, was taken up by A. Meinong. His intention was taking notice of judgment existence, which does not express even the involvement of belief. Such a concept of supposition has been taken up and developed by many Polish philosophers (inter alia W. Witwicki, T. Czeżowski, K. Pasenkiewicz, K. Ajdukiewicz, H. Mehlberg, B. Gawęcki, and L. Kołakowski). They emphasized both subjective aspect - lack of belief moment, and objective aspect - non-verifiability.
XIST: A Meaningful Long Noncoding RNA in NSCLC Process
Authors: Shen Yujie , Lin Yexiang , Liu Kai , Chen Jinlan , Zhong Juanjuan , Gao Yisong , Yuan Chengfu
Published: December 2020

Background:

A number of studies have proposed that lncRNA XIST plays a role in the development
and chemosensitivity of NSCLC. Besides, XIST may become a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC patients.
The aim of this review is to reveal the biological functions and exact mechanisms of XIST in NSCLC.

Methods:

In this review, relevant researches involving the relationship between XIST and NSCLC are collected
through systematic retrieval of PubMed.

Results:

XIST is an oncogene in NSCLC and is abnormally upregulated in NSCLC tissues. Considerable evidence
has shown that XIST plays a critical role in the proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis and chemosensitivity
of NSCLC cells. XIST mainly functions as a ceRNA in the NSCLC process, while XIST also functions
at transcriptional levels.

Conclusion:

LncRNA XIST has the potential to become a novel biomolecular marker of NSCLC and a therapeutic
target for NSCLC.
Remdesivir (GS-5734) in COVID-19 Therapy: The Fourth Chance
Authors: Moirangthem Dinesh S. , Surbala Laishram
Published: December 2020

Background:

Since its initial start in December 2019 at Wuhan, China, the coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been rapidly spreading and labelled as a pandemic by the World
Health Organization. The rate of human to human transmission of COVID-19 is far higher than severe
acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
(MERS). With no drugs or vaccines approved for the treatment of the disease, physicians have been
using pre-existing drugs to curb the disease. One potential anti-viral agent currently undergoing
numerous clinical trials is remdesivir, a nucleotide analog that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Objective:

In this mini-review, we provide an overview of remdesivir’s journey, mechanism of action,
pharmacokinetics, used in patients with COVID-19 under compassionate use principle and
clinical trials to understand the effect of remdesivir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.

Conclusion:

Initially, remdesivir was granted an emergency use authorization (EUA) by the U.S.
Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of COVID-19 with severe disease. But now,
remdesivir has been granted for use under EUA to treat all hospitalized COVID-19 patients, irrespective
of their severity of disease.
The Development of Hyaluronic Acids Used for Skin Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Li Jiankang , Guan Shuaimeng , Su Jingjing , Liang Jiaheng , Cui Longlong , Zhang Kun
Published: December 2020

Burns, mechanical injuries, skin defects, poor wound healing and scars caused by chronic
diseases are serious clinical issues that affect millions of people around the world. Hyaluronic
acid (HA) is one of the main components of extracellular matrix, which is widely distributed in human
body. Because of its unique physical and chemical properties and diversity of physiological
functions, hyaluronic acid is widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This paper
reviews the application of HA and HA based scaffolds in the regeneration and repair of skin tissue,
as well as the application of HA in the fields of skin filler, wound healing, beauty, etc.