bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical analysis and numerical study of natural convection inside combined solar chimney
Authors: Cui Huimin , Han Mengjiao , Zhang Jitao , Han Zhiming , Xu Feng , Liu Qingkuan
Published: April 2024

Solar chimneys may induce natural ventilation through solar radiation. However, sufficient theoretical studies are needed as a basis to fully exploit passive design in practical green building design. In this work, we investigate the heat transfer properties of turbulent natural convective flows in a combined solar chimney with a thermal flux at the absorption wall by means of theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. Two different flow patterns have been found, one with a clear thermal boundary layer flow pattern and the other without, based on high Rayleigh numbers. For flow development in these two flow regimes, the transient scaling analysis is performed separately and the control mechanism for each phase is presented. Some new scale relationships are established to characterize the ventilation performance of solar chimneys, including thermal boundary layer thickness δT, velocity vT, mass flow m, and so on. For the distinct thermal boundary layers, δT,s ~ HΓ2/5/Bo1/5κ2/5, vT,s ~ Bo2/5κ4/5Γ1/5/H, m ~ ρBo1/5κ2/5Γ3/5. For nonobvious thermal boundary layers, vT,f ~ Bo1/3κ/H2/3W1/3, m ~ ρBo1/3κ/A2/3. The important scale relationships are validated using corresponding numerical simulation data, such as the mass flow rate scale M ~ (Γ/κ)3/5Bo1/5 in the distinct thermal boundary layer flow state, and so on. The air changes per hour and heat exchange efficiencies are calculated for a solar chimney with a fixed height‐to‐width ratio to provide a basis for the design of a solar chimney.
Theabrownin alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting the intestinal farnesoid X receptor–ceramide axis
Authors: Wang Jieyi , Zheng Dan , Ge Kun , Huang Fengjie , Li Yang , Zheng Xiaojiao , Jia Wei , Zhao Aihua
Published: April 2024

Theabrownin (TB), which is derived from Pu‐erh tea and previously recognized as an intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonist, is known to have favorable effects on metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia and obesity. However, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of TB in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) require further exploration. This study aimed to use an NAFLD mouse model to evaluate changes in hepatic steatosis via the intestinal FXR–ceramide (Cer) axis following treatment with TB. The results indicated that TB alleviated hepatic steatosis and reduced total Cer levels in NAFLD mice. In particular, the levels of Cer(d18:1/16:0) in the intestine and liver were significantly reduced, which is considered to play a vital role in aggravating NAFLD. Furthermore, the transcriptional expression of Cer synthetase was markedly downregulated following treatment with TB or FXR antagonist, but this expression was reversed following treatment with a specific intestinal FXR agonist. These results indicate that TB alleviates NAFLD by reducing Cer levels via the inhibition of the intestinal FXR–Cer synthetase pathway.
Multi‐omic analysis reveals genes and proteins integral to bioactivity of Echinochrome A isolated from the waste stream of the sea urchin industry in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Hammond Joseph , Das Isabella M. , Paenga Ruihana , Caddie Manu , Skinner Damian , Sheridan Jeffrey P. , Miller Matthew R. , Munkacsi Andrew B.
Published: April 2024

Evechinus chloroticus (commonly known as kina) is a sea urchin species endemic to New Zealand. Its roe is a culinary delicacy to the indigenous Māori and a globally exported food product. Echinochrome A (Ech A) is a bioactive compound isolated from the waste product of kina shells and spines; however, the molecular mechanisms of Ech A bioactivity are not well understood, partly due to Ech A never being studied using unbiased genome‐wide analysis. To explore the high‐value pharmaceutical potential of kina food waste, we obtained unbiased functional genomic and proteomic profiles of yeast cells treated with Echinochrome A. Abundance was measured for 4100 proteins every 30 min for four hours using fluorescent microscopy, resulting in the identification of 92 proteins with significant alterations in protein abundance caused by Ech A treatment that were over‐represented with specific changes in DNA replication, repair and RNA binding after 30 min, followed by specific changes in the metabolism of metal ions (specifically iron and copper) from 60–240 min. Further analysis indicated that Ech A chelated iron, and that iron supplementation negated the growth inhibition caused by Ech A. Via a growth‐based genome‐wide analysis of 4800 gene deletion strains, 20 gene deletion strains were sensitive to Ech A in an iron‐dependent manner. These genes were over‐represented in the cellular response to oxidative stress, suggesting that Ech A suppressed growth inhibition caused by oxidative stress. Unexpectedly, genes integral to cardiolipin and inositol phosphate biosynthesis were required for Ech A bioactivity. Overall, these results identify genes, proteins, and cellular processes mediating the bioactivity of Ech A. Moreover, we demonstrate unbiased genomic and proteomic methodology that will be useful for characterizing bioactive compounds in food and food waste.
Ultra‐Processed food intake and risk of Helicobacter pylori infection: A case–control study
Authors: Ebrahimi Zohreh , Shateri Zainab , Nouri Mehran , Sikaroudi Masoumeh Khalighi , Masoodi Mohsen , Shidfar Farzad , Hejazi Mahdi
Published: April 2024

The components in our food are known as one of the important risk factors for the development of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. A balanced diet, rich in fruits and vegetables, and free of fat, sugar, and salt, might protect people from the consequences of H. pylori infection. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between ultra‐processed foods (UPFs) intake and the risk of H. pylori infection. The case–control study was conducted to assess the intake of UPFs in patients with H. pylori infection compared with healthy individuals. The dietary data of the contributors were collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). To estimate the UPFs intake, the classification of the NOVA food group was utilized. The associations of intake UPFs with H. pylori infection were assessed using binary logistic regression. Finally, dietary data of 150 cases and 302 controls (mean age: 39.5 ± 10.95 years) were analyzed. UPFs intake was associated with higher risk of H. pylori infection (odds ratio (OR) = 1.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05, 2.79). The association remained constant after adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), sex, energy intake, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol status (OR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.22, 3.86). Our data declare that UPFs consumption could have a role in increasing the likelihood of the risk of H. pylori infection. To confirm the current findings, prospective studies are suggested.
Telemedicine‐enabled biofeedback electropalatography rehabilitation (TEBER): A pilot study for patients treated with surgery for oral cavity carcinoma
Authors: Chepeha Douglas B. , Barbon Carly E. A. , Esemezie Alex O. , Al Mardini Majd , Philteos Justine , Spector Matthew E. , Bressmann Tim , Martino Rosemary , Bratman Scott V. , Cho John B. C. , Hope Andrew J. , Hosni Ali Abdalati , Kim John J. H. , Ringash Jolie G. , Waldron John N. , Brown Dale H. , de Almeida John R. , Gilbert Ralph W. , Goldstein David P. , Gullane Patrick J. , Irish Jonathan C. , Monteiro Eric A. , Yao Christopher M. K. L.
Published: April 2024

Background

To address the rehabilitative barriers to frequency and precision of care, we conducted a pilot study of a biofeedback electropalatography (EPG) device paired with telemedicine for patients who underwent primary surgery +/− adjuvant radiation for oral cavity carcinoma. We hypothesized that lingual optimization followed by telemedicine‐enabled biofeedback electropalatography rehabilitation (TEBER) would further improve speech and swallowing outcomes after “standard‐of‐care” SOC rehabilitation.

Method

Pilot prospective 8‐week (TEBER) program following 8 weeks of (SOC) rehabilitation.

Results

Twenty‐seven patients were included and 11 completed the protocol. When examining the benefit of TEBER independent of standard of care, “range‐of‐liquids” improved by +0.36 [95% CI, 0.02–0.70, p = 0.05] and “range‐of‐solids” improved by +0.73 [95% CI, 0.12–1.34, p = 0.03]. There was a positive trend toward better oral cavity obliteration; residual volume decreased by −1.2 [95% CI, −2.45 to 0.053, p = 0.06], and “nutritional‐mode” increased by +0.55 [95% CI, −0.15 to 1.24, p = 0.08].

Conclusion

This pilot suggests that TEBER bolsters oral rehabilitation after 8 weeks of SOC lingual range of motion.
Relationship among weather variation, agricultural production, and migration: A systematic methodological review
Authors: Sarker Bishwajit , Alam Masud , Uddin Md. Jamal
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims

Two main problems the globe currently facing are migration and weather variation. Weather change has a significant impact on the agricultural industry, which affects the majority of poor people. There is a dearth of adequate methodological documentation when examining the relationship between weather variation, agricultural output, and migration. We aimed to identify methodological reporting difficulties by reviewing the quantitative literature on weather‐related migration through agricultural channels.

Methods

A systematic evaluation was conducted using papers published between January 2010 and June 2022, indexed in the SCOPUS, PUBMED, and Google Scholar databases. Using inclusion/exclusion criteria, we selected 22 original research articles out of 18,929 distinct articles for review, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. We extracted data from each study to understand how various concepts, research designs, and investigative techniques influence our understanding of migration patterns related to weather in the agricultural sector.

Results

The majority (64%) of the study's data consisted of time series data. In 50% of the studies, secondary data were used. Additionally, 55% of these studies did not state the sample size. In 40% of the studies, model assumptions were fully adhered to, whereas in 36% of the studies, they were not followed at all. The majority of the articles used the Ordinary Least Squares technique, while about 41% applied the Two‐Stage Least Squares technique. Various tests were conducted across these studies, such as robustness checks (59.1%), endogeneity tests (31.8%), omitted variable bias tests (22.7%), sensitivity analyses (22.7%), and weak instrument tests (13.6%), to name a few. In the research we selected, the methodology section had various shortcomings and lacked organization. Furthermore, the justifications for deviations from model assumptions were unclear, potentially affecting the study outcomes.

Conclusion

This study has important indications for researchers in studying climatic (weather) migration through agricultural channels besides for policymakers by giving a thorough review of the methods and techniques.
Clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease in patients with breast cancer treated with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor following chemotherapy: Triangulation of evidence using population‐based cohort and Mendelian randomization analyses
Authors: Wang Yali , Cai Weifeng , He Peng , Cai Qindong , Huang Jinhua , Liu Shougui , Chen Minyan , Chen Lili , Lin Yuxiang , Hou Jialin , Li Jing , Fu Chengbin , Han Zhonghua , Han Hui , Lin Shunguo , Xu Chunsen , Fu Fangmeng , Wang Chuan
Published: April 2024

Recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) administration in patients with cancer and coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) remains controversial. Concerns exist that it may worsen COVID‐19 outcomes by triggering an inflammatory cytokine storm, despite its common use for managing chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia (CIN) or febrile neutropenia post‐chemotherapy. Here, we determined whether prophylactic or therapeutic G‐CSF administration following chemotherapy exacerbates COVID‐19 progression to severe/critical conditions in breast cancer patients with COVID‐19. Between December 2022 and February 2023, all 503 enrolled breast cancer patients had concurrent COVID‐19 and received G‐CSF post‐chemotherapy, with most being vaccinated pre‐chemotherapy. We prospectively observed COVID‐19‐related adverse outcomes, conducted association analyses, and subsequently performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to validate the causal effect of genetically predicted G‐CSF or its associated granulocyte traits on COVID‐19 adverse outcomes. Only 0.99% (5/503) of breast cancer patients experienced COVID‐19‐related hospitalization following prophylactic or therapeutic G‐CSF administration after chemotherapy. No mortality or progression to severe/critical COVID‐19 occurred after G‐CSF administration. Notably, no significant associations were observed between the application, dosage, or response to G‐CSF and COVID‐19‐related hospitalization (all p >.05). Similarly, the MR analyses showed no evidence of causality of genetically predicted G‐CSF or related granulocyte traits on COVID‐19‐related hospitalization or COVID‐19 severity (all p >.05). There is insufficient evidence to substantiate the notion that the prophylactic or therapeutic administration of G‐CSF after chemotherapy for managing CIN in patients with breast cancer and COVID‐19 would worsen COVID‐19 outcomes, leading to severe or critical conditions, or even death, especially considering the context of COVID‐19 vaccination.
Validation of the Revised Impact of Miscarriage Scale in the Republic of Burundi: A cross‐sectional multicenter study
Authors: Lundqvist‐Jansson Caroline , Igiraneza Patrick , Bazikamwe Sylvestre
Published: April 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to translate and validate the Revised Impact of Miscarriage Scale (RIMS) into Kirundi for use among women and men in Burundi. Additionally, the study aimed to compare the experience and personal meaning of miscarriage between women and men.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional multicentered study. The RIMS was translated into Kirundi. Cronbach coefficient alpha and its internal consistency were measured for both genders. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to determine the underlying factors and the shared variance. Both women and men completed the RIMS questionnaire, while women completed sociodemographic, reproductive and mental health questions.

Results

In all, 79 couples completed the RIMS. The original factor structure was retained after the EFA, with 68% of the shared variance explained in the three‐factor solution with 16 questions. Isolation/guilt, Loss of baby, and Devastating event. The internal consistency for women and men combined was α = 0.928. Although women scored higher on the factors of Isolation/guilt and Loss of baby, there were no significant differences in the Devastating event factor between women and men. Couples scores were positively correlated. Women who had experienced a previous miscarriage were more significantly impacted by all three factors compared to women experiencing their first miscarriage.

Conclusions

The Kirundi translation of the RIMS retained the original factor structure and demonstrated excellent internal consistency α = 0.928 in women and men combined. The RIMS could be a tool for caregivers to identify individuals who require additional support after a miscarriage.
Fake news detection in the Hindi language using multi‐modality via transfer and ensemble learning
Authors: Garg Sonal , Sharma Dilip Kumar
Published: April 2024

Fake news classification emerged as an exciting topic for machine learning and artificial intelligence researchers. Most of the existing literature on fake news detection is based on the English language. Hence, it needs more usability. Fake news detection in low‐resource scare languages is still challenging due to the absence of large annotated datasets and tools. In this work, we propose a large‐scale Indian news dataset for the Hindi language. This dataset is constructed by scraping different reliable fact‐checking websites. The LDA approach is adopted to assign the category to news statements. Various machine‐learning and transfer learning approaches are applied to verify the authenticity of the dataset. Ensemble learning is also applied based on the low false‐positive rate of machine‐learning classifiers. A multi‐modal approach is adopted by combining LSTM with VGG‐16 and VGG‐19 classifiers. LSTM is used for textual features, while VGG‐16 and VGG‐19 are applied for image analysis. Our proposed dataset has achieved satisfactory performance.
Identification and forecasting of bull and bear markets using multivariate returns
Authors: Liu Jia , Maheu John M. , Song Yong
Published: April 2024

Bull and bear market identification generally focuses on a broad index of returns through a univariate analysis. This paper proposes a new approach to identify and forecast bull and bear markets through multivariate returns. The model assumes that all assets are directed by a common discrete state variable from a hierarchical Markov switching model. The hierarchical specification allows the cross‐section of state‐specific means and variances to differ over bull and bear markets. We investigate several empirically realistic specifications that permit feasible estimation even with 100 assets. Our results show that the multivariate framework provides competitive bull and bear regime identification and improves portfolio performance and density prediction compared with several benchmark models including univariate Markov switching models.
Non‐enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on palladium‐decorated poly(thionine) modified glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Sönmez Çelebi Mutlu , Kırlak Kara Songül
Published: April 2024

Glassy carbon electrode was modified with palladium‐decorated conducting poly(thionine) film to develop a simple, cost‐effective, and fast amperometric sensor for the detection of H2O2. Conducting PTH film served as a porous and stable support matrix for even distribution of the Pd nanomaterials. In order to get the maximum performance from the modified electrode system, experimental conditions were optimized using chronoamperometry. The Pd/PTH@GCE electrode showed maximum performance in buffer solution at pH = 7.5 meaning it is suitable for the detection of H2O2 at physiological pH (7.4). Scanning Electron Microscopy was performed for physical characterization of the modified electrodes using pencil graphite electrodes. The active surface area for Pd/PTH‐modified GCE was calculated as 1.103 cm2. The linear concentration range was determined as 0.2–7.0 mM and its sensitivity was determined as 40.0 μA mM−1. The detection limit (LOD) of the sensor was calculated as 12.3 μM with a signal/noise ratio of 3.
Effect of liraglutide on thigh muscle fat and muscle composition in adults with overweight or obesity: Results from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Pandey Ambarish , Patel Kershaw V. , Segar Matthew W. , Ayers Colby , Linge Jennifer , Leinhard Olof D. , Anker Stefan D. , Butler Javed , Verma Subodh , Joshi Parag H. , Neeland Ian J.
Published: April 2024

Background

Excess muscle fat is observed in obesity and associated with greater burden of cardiovascular risk factors and higher risk of mortality. Liraglutide reduces total body weight and visceral fat but its effect on muscle fat and adverse muscle composition is unknown.

Methods

This is a pre‐specified secondary analysis of a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial that examined the effects of liraglutide plus a lifestyle intervention on visceral adipose tissue and ectopic fat among adults without diabetes with body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 or ≥27 kg/m2 and metabolic syndrome. Participants were randomly assigned to a once‐daily subcutaneous injection of liraglutide (target dose 3.0 mg) or matching placebo for 40 weeks. Body fat distribution and muscle composition was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and 40‐week follow‐up. Muscle composition was described by the combination of thigh muscle fat and muscle volume. Treatment difference (95% confidence intervals [CI]) was calculated by least‐square means adjusted for baseline thigh muscle fat. The association between changes in thigh muscle fat and changes in body weight were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients. The effect of liraglutide versus placebo on adverse muscle composition, denoted by high thigh muscle fat and low thigh muscle volume, was explored.

Results

Among the 128 participants with follow‐up imaging (92.2% women, 36.7% Black), median muscle fat at baseline was 7.8%. The mean percent change in thigh muscle fat over median follow‐up of 36 weeks was −2.87% among participants randomized to liraglutide (n = 73) and 0.05% in the placebo group (absolute change: −0.23% vs. 0.01%). The estimated treatment difference adjusted for baseline thigh muscle fat was −0.24% (95% CI, −0.41 to −0.06, P‐value 0.009). Longitudinal change in thigh muscle fat was significantly associated with change in body weight in the placebo group but not the liraglutide group. The proportion of participants with adverse muscle composition decreased from 11.0% to 8.2% over follow‐up with liraglutide, but there was no change with placebo.

Conclusions

In a cohort of predominantly women with overweight or obesity in the absence of diabetes, once‐daily subcutaneous liraglutide was associated with a reduction in thigh muscle fat and adverse muscle composition compared with placebo. The contribution of muscle fat improvement to the cardiometabolic benefits of liraglutide requires further study.
Prenatal ultrasound findings and prenatal diagnosis of fetal skeletal dysplasia
Authors: Li Lili , Jin Xiaofei , Liu Suna , Fan Hui
Published: April 2024

Objective

To analyze the value of prenatal ultrasound and molecular testing in diagnosing fetal skeletal dysplasia (SD).

Methods

Clinical data, prenatal ultrasound data, and molecular results of pregnant women with fetal SD were collected in the ultrasound department of our clinic from May 2019 to December 2021.

Results

A total of 40 pregnant women with fetal SD were included, with 82.5% exhibiting short limb deformity, followed by 25.0% with central nervous system malformations, 17.50% with facial malformations, 15% with cardiac malformations, and 12.5% with urinary system malformations. The genetic testing positive rate was 70.0% (28/40), with 92.8% (26/28) being single‐gene disorders due to mutations in FGFR3, COL1A1, COL1A2, EVC2, FLNB, LBR, and TRPV4 genes. The most common SD subtypes were osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), thanatophoric dysplasia (TD), and achondroplasia (ACH). The gestational age (GA) at initial diagnosis for TD, OI, and ACH was 16.6, 20.9, and 28.3 weeks, respectively (p < 0.05), with no significant difference in femoral shortening between the three groups (p > 0.05). Of the OI cases, 5 out of 12 had a family history.

Conclusion

Short limb deformity is the most prevalent phenotype of SD. When fetal SD is suspected, detailed ultrasound screening should be conducted, combined with GA at initial diagnosis, family history, and molecular evidence, to facilitate more accurate diagnosis and enhance prenatal counseling and perinatal management.
Caroli's disease misdiagnosed as bile duct cystadenoma: A case report
Authors: Su Dai , Lan Yuxia , Wang Baibing , Ma Qiang
Published: April 2024

Caroli's disease is also known as Congenital intrahepatic bile duct dilatation, and previously known as a congenital intrahepatic bile duct cyst; it is characterized by single or multiple intrahepatic cystic dilatations. In this article, we report a case of Caroli's disease (CT size 21.2 × 16.9 × 19.8 cm). Preoperative abdominal ultrasound and enhanced CT were misdiagnosed as biliary cystadenoma or hepatic echinococcosis, and finally diagnosed as Caroli's disease by postoperative histopathological examinations. Most of the disease is single or multiple cystic dilatation of small bile duct. Giant Caroli disease, cystic dilations with diameter >20 cm is very rarely seen in the clinic. The lack of experience of diagnosing giant cystic dilatation makes it difficult to make accurate diagnosis. Therefore, we analyze the causes of imaging misdiagnosis through this case report, and summarize the imaging diagnostic skills of the disease combined with relevant imaging diagnosis experience. The purpose of this study is to deepen the understanding of giant Caroli disease among imaging doctors so as to reduce the misdiagnosis of the disease in the future.
Outcomes after newborn screening for propionic and methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinurias
Authors: Reischl‐Hajiabadi Anna T. , Schnabel Elena , Gleich Florian , Mengler Katharina , Lindner Martin , Burgard Peter , Posset Roland , Lommer‐Steinhoff Svenja , Grünert Sarah C. , Thimm Eva , Freisinger Peter , Hennermann Julia B. , Krämer Johannes , Gramer Gwendolyn , Lenz Dominic , Christ Stine , Hörster Friederike , Hoffmann Georg F. , Garbade Sven F. , Kölker Stefan , Mütze Ulrike
Published: April 2024

The current German newborn screening (NBS) panel includes 13 inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs). In addition, a NBS pilot study in Southwest Germany identifies individuals with propionic acidemia (PA), methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), combined and isolated remethylation disorders (e.g., cobalamin [cbl] C and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR] deficiency), cystathionine β‐synthase (CBS) deficiency, and neonatal cbl deficiency through one multiple‐tier algorithm. The long‐term health benefits of screened individuals are evaluated in a multicenter observational study. Twenty seven screened individuals with IMDs (PA [N = 13], MMA [N = 6], cblC deficiency [N = 5], MTHFR deficiency [N = 2] and CBS deficiency [N = 1]), and 42 with neonatal cbl deficiency were followed for a median of 3.6 years. Seventeen screened IMD patients (63%) experienced at least one metabolic decompensation, 14 of them neonatally and six even before the NBS report (PA, cbl‐nonresponsive MMA). Three PA patients died despite NBS and immediate treatment. Fifteen individuals (79%) with PA or MMA and all with cblC deficiency developed permanent, mostly neurological symptoms, while individuals with MTHFR, CBS, and neonatal cbl deficiency had a favorable clinical outcome. Utilizing a combined multiple‐tier algorithm, we demonstrate that NBS and specialized metabolic care result in substantial benefits for individuals with MTHFR deficiency, CBS deficiency, neonatal cbl deficiency, and to some extent, cbl‐responsive MMA and cblC deficiency. However, its advantage is less evident for individuals with PA and cbl‐nonresponsive MMA.

Synopsis

Early detection through newborn screening and subsequent specialized metabolic care improve clinical outcomes and survival in individuals with MTHFR deficiency and cystathionine‐β‐synthase deficiency, and to some extent in cobalamin‐responsive methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) and cblC deficiency while the benefit for individuals with propionic acidemia and cobalamin‐nonresponsive MMA is less evident due to the high (neonatal) decompensation rate, mortality, and long‐term complications.
Laurencia johnstonii extract reverses early lesions in the K14E7HPV16 murine cervical carcinogenesis model
Authors: Arvizu‐Hernandez Erandi , Hernandez‐Guerrero Claudia Judith , Alvarez‐Rios Elizabeth , Gariglio Patricio , Cornejo‐Garrido Jorge , Ocadiz‐Delgado Rodolfo
Published: April 2024

Persistent infection with high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) is a well‐established risk factor to the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), a condition that can progress to cervical cancer (CC) a major health problem worldwide. Recently, there has been growing interest in exploring alternative therapies utilizing natural products, among which is the algae species Laurencia johnstonii Setchell & Gardner, 1924 (L. johnstonii), proposed for the management of precancerous lesions. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of an organic extract from L. johnstonii (ELj) in early cervical lesions (CIN 1). These CIN 1 lesions were generated in a murine model expressing the HR‐HPV16 E7 oncoprotein (K14E7HPV transgenic mice) with a single exogenous hormonal stimulus using 17β‐estradiol. The histopathological studies, the determination of cell proliferation and of the apoptotic levels in cervical tissue, showed that, seven doses of ELj (30 mg/kg weight per day diluted in a DMSO‐saline solution [1:7]) lead to recovery the architecture of cervical epithelium. Accordingly, in the transgenic mice it was observed a statistically significant decrease of the PCNA expression levels, a marker of cell proliferation, and a statistically significant increase in the apoptosis levels using Caspase 3 as a marker. In addition, we determined the expression levels of the tumor suppressor miR‐218 and the oncomiRNA miR‐21. Interestingly, our results may suggest that ELj treatment tended to restore the normal expression of both miRNAs as compared with controls being more evident in the non‐transgenic induced mice. Differences of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant through the whole study. Based on these results, we propose that the use of ELj could be an alternative for the treatment of cervical early lesions.
Investigation of the effects of pentoxifylline and alpha tocopherol treatment on recovery in rats with Achilles tendon rupture
Authors: Toker Mustafa , Karaduman Zekeriya Okan , Arıcan Mehmet , Turhan Yalçın , Coşkun Sinem Kantarcıoğlu , Dalaslan Raşit Emin , Çelik Mücahit , Uludağ Veysel
Published: April 2024

Although the Achilles tendon is the largest and strongest tendon in the body, healing of the Achilles tendon is the most common injury, and this process is difficult due to poor tendon circulation; moreover, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline and alpha‐tocopherol administered separately or in combination on rats with Achilles tendon injury. Forty‐eight male Wistar rats weighing 230 ± 30 g were used in the study. The rats were randomly divided into eight groups of six animals each. Tendons were evaluated histopathologically and biomechanically. According to the statistical analysis, the vascularity density in the pentoxifylline group on day 14 was significantly greater than that in the other groups (p < 0.05). The collagen arrangement in the pentoxifylline and alpha‐tocopherol groups on day 14 was found to be firmer and smoother than that in the control group (p < 0.05). The collagen arrangement in the pentoxifylline group on day 28 was greater than that in the other groups (p < 0.05). The biomechanical results were significantly greater in all groups (p < 0.05). Pentoxifylline contributed to tendon healing both through neovascularization in the early period and by improving collagen orientation in the late period, while alpha‐tocopherol had a positive effect on collagen orientation in the early period. No beneficial effects were observed when pentoxifylline and alpha‐tocopherol were used together. We believe that further research is needed to understand the effects of this combination therapy on tendon healing.
3.0T magnetic resonance imaging‐based hip bone models for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome are equivalent to computed tomography‐based models
Authors: Newhouse Alexander C. , Alter Thomas D. , Handoklow Lyla A. , Espinoza Orías Alejandro A. , Inoue Nozomu , Nho Shane J.
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to compare three‐dimensional (3D) proximal femoral and acetabular surface models generated from 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the clinical gold standard of computed tomography (CT). Ten intact fresh‐frozen cadaveric hips underwent CT and 3.0T MRI scans. The CT‐ and MRI‐based segmented models were superimposed using a validated 3D–3D registration volume‐merge method to compare them. The least surface‐to‐surface distance between the models was calculated by a point‐to‐surface calculation algorithm using a custom‐written program. The variables of interest were the signed and absolute surface‐to‐surface distance between the paired bone models. One‐sample t‐tests were performed using a signed and absolute test value of 0.16 mm and 0.37 mm, respectively, based on a previous study that validated 1.5T MRI bone models by comparison with CT bone models. For the femur, the average signed and absolute surface‐to‐surface distance was 0.18 ± 0.09 mm and 0.30 ± 0.06 mm, respectively. There was no difference in the signed surface‐to‐surface distance and the 0.16 mm test value (t = 0.650, p = 0.532). However, the absolute surface‐to‐surface difference was less than the 0.37 mm test value (t = −4.025, p = 0.003). For the acetabulum, the average signed and absolute surface‐to‐surface distance was −0.06 ± 0.06 mm and 0.26 ± 0.04 mm, respectively. The signed (t = −12.569, p < 0.001) and absolute (t = −8.688, p < 0.001) surface‐to‐surface difference were less than the 0.16 mm and 0.37 mm test values, respectively. Our data shows that 3.0T MRI bone models are more similar to CT bone models than previously validated 1.5T MRI bone models. This is likely due to the higher resolution of the 3T data.
Eosinophilic esophagitis: Does age matter?
Authors: O'Sullivan Donnchadh , Camila Cardenas Maria , Ricaurte Luisa , Moreira Roger , Weaver Amy L. , Hopson Puanani , Absah Imad
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is often diagnosed in school‐age children between 6‐ and 9‐year‐old. There is less known about those who are diagnosed with EoE that are younger than 6 years old. The objective of this study is to compare clinical presentation, comorbidities, and outcomes based on age at diagnosis of EoE.

Methods

Single‐center retrospective chart review of children (<18 years) diagnosed with EoE between 2005 and 2020. We recorded demographics, clinical presentation, family history, past medical history, treatment, and endoscopic findings. Children in this cohort were classified based on age into three age groups: <2 years, 2−<6 years, and 6−<18 years.

Results

We identified 256 children with EoE, the mean age (SD) at the time of diagnosis was 9 (5.2) years and 184 (72%) were male. We had 164 (64%) patients with available follow‐up esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGDs) data (495 EGDs in total) of those 99/164 (60%) reached mucosal remission. In the very young children (<2 years) vomiting was the most common presentation, while poor weight gain was seen more in the 2−<6‐year group in comparison to the >6‐years. Food impaction and abdominal pain were most likely to present in older children 6−18 years. Combination therapy, as opposed to a single therapy, induced remission at a higher frequency in the <6‐year group in comparison to the 6−<18‐year group (85% vs. 66%).

Conclusion

EoE should be considered in younger children presenting with feeding difficulty and poor weight gain. Combination therapy seems to be more effective in younger children with EoE, but further studies with bigger sample size are needed to study the efficacy of the different combination therapies.
In vitro and in vivo digestibility of prebiotic galactooligosacharides synthesized by β‐galactosidase from Lactobacillus delbruecki subsp. bulgaricusCRL450
Authors: Fara Agustina , Hernández Hernández Oswaldo , Palacios Jorge , Montilla Antonia , Zárate Gabriela
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

The general assumption that prebiotics reach the colon without any alterations has been challenged. Some in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that ‘non‐digestible’ oligosaccharides are digested to different degrees depending on their structural composition. In the present study, we compared different methods aiming to assess the digestibility of oligosaccharides synthesized by β‐galactosidase (β‐gal) of Lactobacillus delbruecki subsp. bulgaricus CRL450 (CRL450‐β‐gal) from lactose, lactulose and lactitol.

RESULTS

In the simulated gastrointestinal fluid method, no changes were observed. However, the oligosaccharides synthesized by CRL450‐β‐gal were partially hydrolyzed in vitro, depending on their structure and composition, with rat small intestinal extract (RSIE) and small intestinal brush‐border membrane vesicles (BBMV) from pig. Digestion of some oligosaccharides increased when mixtures were fed to C57BL/6 mice used as in vivo model; however, lactulose‐oligosaccharides were the most resistant to the physiological conditions of mice. In general β (1→6) linked products showed higher resistance compared to β (1→3) oligosaccharides.

CONCLUSION

In vitro digestion methods, without disaccharidases, may underestimate the importance of carbohydrates hydrolysis in the small intestine. Although BVMM and RSIE digestion assays are appropriate in vitro methods for these studies, in vivo studies remain the most reliable for understanding what actually happens in the digestion of oligosaccharides. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Shallow trochlear groove and narrow medial trochlear width at the proximal trochlea in patients with trochlear dysplasia: A three‐dimensional computed tomography analysis
Authors: Lee Joon Young , Kim Sung Eun , Kwon Oh Hyo , Kim Youngjun , Son Tae‐geun , Han Hyuk‐Soo , Ro Du Hyun
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Although the Dejour classification is the primary classification system for evaluating trochlear dysplasia, concerns have been raised about its reliability owing to its qualitative criteria and challenges associated with obtaining accurate radiographs. This study aimed to quantify trochlear dysplasia using three‐dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) reconstruction with novel parameters related to the transepicondylar axis (TEA).

Methods

Sixty patients were enrolled, including 20 with trochlear dysplasia and 40 healthy controls. The 3D CT model was generated using the Materialise Interactive Medical Image Control System software. The following six parameters were measured in eight consecutive planes at 15° intervals (planes 0–105): the distance from the TEA to the most cortical point of the lateral condyle (‘LP‐TEA’, where LP stands for lateral peak), medial condyle (‘MP‐TEA’, MP for medial peak) and deepest point of the trochlea (‘TG‐TEA’, TG for trochlear groove). The distances from the medial epicondyle (MEC) to the corresponding TEA points were measured (‘LP‐MEC’, ‘MP‐MEC’ and ‘TG‐MEC’).

Results

In the dysplasia group, TG‐TEA (planes 0, 15 and 30) and MP‐MEC (planes 0, 15 and 30) were significantly greater than those in the control group (all p < 0.05 for planes of TG‐TEA and MP‐MEC). For type A dysplasia, LP‐MEC (plane 0) was greater than that in the control group. For type B dysplasia, the MP‐MEC (planes 0 and 15) and TG‐TEA (planes 0 and 15) were greater than those of the control group. For type D dysplasia, MP‐MEC (planes 0, 15 and 30) and TG‐TEA (planes 0 and 15) were elevated.

Conclusion

The 3D CT reconstruction analysis established a reproducible method for quantifying osseous trochlear morphology. Patients with trochlear dysplasia had a shallow TG and narrow medial trochlear width at tracking angles of 0°–30°. This finding corroborates the clinical manifestations of recurrent patellar instability that occur during early flexion.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
The asymmetric effect of corporate reputation communication on flagship and non‐flagship product evaluations
Authors: Chen Zengxiang , Mao Huifang , Tu Tu , Wang Haizhong
Published: April 2024

This research investigates how corporate reputation communications, specifically, those that focus on corporate ability (CA) versus corporate social responsibility (CSR), impact consumer evaluations of flagship products and non‐flagship products. Across five studies utilizing different research methods (survey, eye‐tracking, and experiments), we demonstrate an asymmetric effect of corporate reputation communication on product evaluations, dependent on the product's flagship status in its company's product portfolio (i.e., all products owned and marketed by a company). Specifically, while CSR is more conducive to consumer evaluations of flagship products, CA is more beneficial for evaluations of non‐flagship products. Such effects are more prominent when consumers lack detailed product attribute information. Given the strategic importance of flagship products to a company, this work adds to the emerging body of research on CSR communication by highlighting its advantage in bolstering consumer evaluations of flagship products.
Atypical mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly diagnosed through the identification of a novel pathogenic mutation in EFTUD2
Authors: Chen Ying , Yang Run , Chen Xin , Lin Naier , Li Chenlong , Fu Yaoyao , He Aijuan , Wang Yimin , Zhang Tianyu , Ma Jing
Published: April 2024

Background

Mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly (MFDM, OMIM# 610536) is a rare monogenic disease that is caused by a mutation in the elongation factor Tu GTP binding domain containing 2 gene (EFTUD2, OMIM* 603892). It is characterized by mandibulofacial dysplasia, microcephaly, malformed ears, cleft palate, growth and intellectual disability. MFDM can be easily misdiagnosed due to its phenotypic overlap with other craniofacial dysostosis syndromes. The clinical presentation of MFDM is highly variable among patients.

Methods

A patient with craniofacial anomalies was enrolled and evaluated by a multidisciplinary team. To make a definitive diagnosis, whole‐exome sequencing was performed, followed by validation by Sanger sequencing.

Results

The patient presented with extensive facial bone dysostosis, upward slanting palpebral fissures, outer and middle ear malformation, a previously unreported orbit anomaly, and spina bifida occulta. A novel, pathogenic insertion mutation (c.215_216insT: p.Tyr73Valfs*4) in EFTUD2 was identified as the likely cause of the disease.

Conclusions

We diagnosed this atypical case of MFDM by the detection of a novel pathogenetic mutation in EFTUD2. We also observed previously unreported features. These findings enrich both the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of MFDM.
Genetic control of MRI contrast using the manganese transporter Zip14
Authors: Rallapalli Harikrishna , McCall Eleanor C. , Koretsky Alan P.
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Gene‐expression reporter systems, such as green fluorescent protein, have been instrumental to understanding biological processes in living organisms at organ system, tissue, cell, and molecular scales. More than 30 years of work on developing MRI‐visible gene‐expression reporter systems has resulted in a variety of clever application‐specific methods. However, these techniques have not yet been widely adopted, so a general‐purpose expression reporter is still required. Here, we demonstrate that the manganese ion transporter Zip14 is an in vivo MRI‐visible, flexible, and robust gene‐expression reporter to meet this need.

Methods

Plasmid constructs consisting of a cell type–specific promoter, gene coding for human Zip14, and a histology‐visible tag were packaged into adeno‐associated viruses. These viruses were intracranially injected into the mouse brain. Serial in vivo MRI was performed using a vendor‐supplied 3D‐MPRAGE sequence. No additional contrast agents were administered. Animals were sacrificed after the last imaging timepoint for immunohistological validation.

Results

Neuron‐specific overexpression of Zip14 produced substantial and long‐lasting changes in MRI contrast. Using appropriate viruses enabled both anterograde and retrograde neural tracing. Expression of Zip14 in astrocytes also enabled MRI of glia populations in the living mammalian brain.

Conclusions

The flexibility of this system as an MRI‐visible gene‐expression reporter will enable many applications of serial, high‐resolution imaging of gene expression for basic science and therapy development.
Fiber‐reinforced sustainable biomimetic Bouligand structures for hot and humid environments
Authors: Liu Qi , Tang Xin , Bai Zhongyang , Li Lijuan , Hu Yingcheng
Published: April 2024

The mechanical properties of existing materials can be improved with the Bouligand structure. However, most current studies mainly focus on improving material properties with Bouligand structure in ambient temperature environments and neglect the weakening of the properties in hot and humid environments. Thus, we chose bamboo, which is highly hydrophilic with a natural unidirectional structure, as the raw material to prepare bamboo composite laminates with the Bouligand structure. The effect of humid and hot environments on the mechanical properties of laminated materials with the Bouligand structure was investigated. The results showed that the Bouligand structure was greatly affected by the humid–hot environment, and the smaller the laying angle of the spiral, the lesser the effect of the humid–hot environment on the mechanical properties. Additionally, in the hot and humid environment, the bending strength and impact strength of the laminated materials decreased by 11.45% and 11.57%, respectively, at a layup angle of 10° compared with those at room temperature, indicating that the spiral layup angle greatly impacted the mechanical properties in hot and humid environments. This study provides insight into the application of the Bouligand structure in improving material properties in hot and humid environments.

Highlights

Exploring the performance changes in the bionic Bouligand structure in hot and humid environments.

Exploring the optimal angular mechanical properties of the Bouligand structure by changing the helical layup angle in both wet and dry environments.

Developing a novel green biomass material with a biomimetic Bouligand structure using the unique natural unidirectional structure of bamboo, expanding the application fields of biomaterials.
Effects of routine repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the sleep duration of patients with treatment‐resistant depression: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Sadeghniiat Khosro , Zebardast Jayran , Parsaei Mohammadamin , Seyedmirzaei Homa , Arbabi Mohammad , Noorbala Ahmad Ali , Ansari Sahar
Published: April 2024

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the short‐term and long‐term effects of routine repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the sleep duration, depressive symptoms, and quality of life of patients with treatment‐resistant depression (TRD).

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, 25 participants with TRD were assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and four sleep duration components of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Depression severity was measured with Hamilton's Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI‐II), and patient‐perceived quality of life with the 36‐Item Short‐Form Survey (SF‐36). All of these measures were evaluated at baseline (T0), and immediately (T1), 6 weeks (T2), and 12 weeks (T3) after the end of intervention.

Results

At T1 endpoint, HDRS, BDI, SF‐36, ISI, and three PSQI items (time to wake up, time taken to fall asleep, and Real Sleep Time) significantly improved, though these gains were reduced at follow‐up endpoints (T2 and T3). Adjusting for confounders (age, sex, occupational status, BMI, and hypnotic medication) revealed that only improvements in HDRS, BDI, and time taken to fall asleep at T1 remained statistically significant. Linear regression analyses showed no significant association between reduced time taken to fall asleep and depression symptoms, suggesting rTMS can independently enhance this parameter, irrespective of depression resolution.

Conclusion

Routine rTMS therapy can potentially enhance sleep duration in TRD individuals, alongside improved depressive symptoms and quality of life. However, these benefits tend to decrease over long‐term follow‐up, emphasizing a more pronounced short‐term efficacy of rTMS.