bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization and Application of BioBased Plasticizers in Quality Improvement of Nitrocellulose Surface Coatings
Authors: D. Mendis S. Sameera , Nilmini A.H.L.R
Published: November 2022

Plant oils are one of popular starting raw materials of alkyd resin manufacturing and castor oil is well known plasticizer in coating industry. Coconut oil-based alkyd resins and blend of coconut and castor oil-based alkyd resins were synthesized as Bio-based plasticizers to evaluate their properties as plasticizers for nitrocellulose (nc) paint. During synthesis of those resins, variation of acid value, viscosity, oil length and generated water amount was evaluated. Series of nitrocellulose surface coatings (ncscs) were prepared using one alkyd resin at a time according to a dilution series and followed the same procedure for other alkyd resins and commercially available plasticizers (caps). All ncscs were tested for specific gravity, apparent viscosity, reduced viscosity, dry film thickness, dry film gloss, impact resistance, mandrel bending, Erichsen cupping, drying time, pencil hardness. According to the results it was proven that alkyd resins incorporated ncscs are better in viscosity, low drying time, film hardness. Ncscs with commercially available plasticizer (cap) is better in flexibility, impact resistance, dry film thickness, gloss
FIRM SPECIFIC DETERMINANTS AND ITS IMPLICATION ON LISTED OIL AND GAS FIRMS PROFITABILITY IN NIGERIA
Authors: EHIEDU, Victor C Ph.D  , Imoagwu Chika Priscilla2 (Ph.D)
Published: November 2022

The study examined the analysis of firm specific determinants of profitability (PROF) of listed Oil & Gas firms in Nigeria between the periods of 2011-2020. The study made used of secondary data which was sourced from the annual reports and accounts of the various 10 Oil and Gas Firms for the measures of firm specific determinants [Firm Size (FS), Firm Age (FA), Liquidity (LIQ), Leverage (LEV), Sales Growth (SG) and Operating Expenses (OE)] in relation to profitability proxy with Return on Assets (ROA). Descriptive statistics and the correlation analysis were used to determine the nature of relationship between the independent and dependent variables. In view of the hypothesis formulated for this research, the method of data analysis chosen was a multiple regression analysis using E-VIEW 9.0 computer software. The findings revealed that LIQ, LEV and OE have significant relationship on ROA while FS, FA and SG does not have significant relationship on ROA relationship with ROA. Hence, the study concluded that there is a significant relationship between firm specific determinants and the PROF of listed Oil & Gas firms in Nigeria. This study recommended among others that Listed Oil and Gas Firms should increase their FS so as to increase the return on assets of their firms.

Keywords: Profitability, Liquidity, Leverage, Firm Size and Return on Asset.
KANCHNAR TWAK, SHUNTHI CHURNA AND NIMB TAIL NASYA IN HYPOTHYROIDISM- A REVIEW
Authors: Ajay Gupta Ajay Kumar , Yadav Pratima
Published: November 2022

Today’s era hypothyroidism is one of the most common and challenging disease in our society. Thyroid is the second most prevailing disorder in daily OPD. In endocrine system thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone so it’s called Hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine is the most efficacious hormone replacement treatment and this thyroxin therapy starting from 25mcg/day for hypothyroidism. The female-male ratio is approximately 6:1. Ayurveda has not mentioned endocrine disorders, instead for treatment of unspecified syndromes, it emphasizes on careful observation of symptoms and pathophysiology. In Ayurveda it can be co-related with the actions of “AGNI”.  The sign and symptoms of hypothyroidism are similar to those of Kapha vriddhi (increases in kapha), Rasa Dushti, Medas dushti, Medas dhatwagni mandya(slow metabolism at adipose tissue level), and Kapha Avaran janya Dhatwagni Mandya (slow metabolism due to blockage of kapha). In ayurvedic text there is no direct reference of hypothyroidism but Galganda and Gandamala frequently used in the text. According to Charaka a swelling that is caused when a vitiated kapha affects the throat from the outside, and gradually produces swelling, is called galagand. Galgand is explained classically in all the Ayurvedic texts, including Shushruta and Astang hruday, since Galgand is the most untouched topic in Ayurveda and since Hypothyroidism is becoming one of the common problems in day-to-day practice. By using modern medicine many side effects occurs but through ayurwedic drugs hypothyroidism can be managed easily. This article discusses efficacy of Kanchnar twak kwath with shunthi churna and nimb tail Nasya in Hypothyroidism.
Prevalence of diarrheageanic E. coli isolated from diarrheal stool from Children under 5 years of age at Kanti Children’s Hospital
Authors: Gautam Dr. Kirtika
Published: November 2022

Background: Diarrhea caused by diarrheagenic E.coli are major health problem of developing countries including Nepal.Though precise data on childhood diarrhea by diarrheagenic E.coli in Nepal is not available. It has been estimated that approximately 25% of  child death are associated with diarrhea.This study was thus carried out to evaluate the  incidence of diarrhea by diarrheagenic E.coli in children under 5 years of age. The study was conducted at  Kanti Children’s hospital (KCH), Maharajgunj.  A total of 200 samples were enrolled between March 2018 to August 2018. Methods: All the diarrheal stool samples were cultured on Mac Conkey agar plate. After 24 hours of incubation at 37  degree celcius. If it produce Lactose Fermenting (LF) pink coloured colonies  further confirmatory test was done by different biochemical test. Whether it was E. coli or not.If it was E.coli then further sub cultured on Mac Conkey Sorbitol (MSA) agar to isolate diarrheagenic E. coli. Next day if there seen Non Sorbitol Formenting (NSF) colonies, it was identified as diarrheagenic E. Coli. because most other E.coli strains and other Enterobacteria ferment sorbitol but diarrheagenic E.coli do not ferment Sorbitol and is non sorbitol fermenting colourless colonies. Results: Out of total enrolled cases, 20 (10%) were diarrheagenic E. coli. Gentamycin, Chloramphenicol and third generation Cephalosporin showed 100% efficacy against diarrheagenic  E.coli . Conclusion: The incidence of disease  was more prevalent in children below 2 years. Diarrheagenic E. coli were found to be a significant cause of diarrhea under 5 years of age. Awareness of improving hygiene reduce the episode of diarrhea.
Fabriquer des cartes pour combattre des politiques migratoires injustes
Authors: CLOCHARD Olivier
Published: November 2022

Ce chapitre décrit la production de cartes, graphiques et dessins au sein du réseau Migreurop. Il s’intéresse également aux façons dont ces iconographies participent à la critique des politiques migratoires européennes, tout en apportant des connaissances sur les effets de ces dispositifs sur les parcours des migrants.
Du Web à l’observable complexe : approches sémio-discursives
Authors: BARATS Christine , BONACCORSI Julia
Published: November 2022

Les auteurs mettent en relief les points de vigilance et les apories à affronter lorsque l’on interprète les énoncés issus des sites web, où l’abondance et l’hétérogénéité des contenus et des données numériques invitent à questionner leurs production et circulation sur le Web, mais aussi les modalités et conditions de leur collecte par les chercheurs.
A differentiable ecosystem modeling framework for large-scale inverse problems: demonstration with photosynthesis simulations
Authors: Aboelyazeed Doaa , Xu Chonggang , Hoffman Forrest M. , Jones Alex W. , Rackauckas Chris , Lawson Kathryn E. , Shen Chaopeng
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Photosynthesis plays an important role in carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles. Ecosystem models for photosynthesis are characterized by many parameters that are obtained from limited in-situ measurements and applied to the same plant types. Previous site-by-site calibration approaches could not leverage big data and faced issues like overfitting or parameter non-uniqueness. Here we developed a programmatically differentiable (meaning gradients of outputs to variables used in the model can be obtained efficiently and accurately) version of the photosynthesis process representation within the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES) model. This model is coupled to neural networks that learn parameterization from observations of photosynthesis rates. We first demonstrated that the framework was able to recover multiple assumed parameter values concurrently using synthetic training data. Then, using a real-world dataset consisting of many different plant functional types, we learned parameters that performed substantially better and dramatically reduced biases compared to literature values. Further, the framework allowed us to gain insights at a large scale. Our results showed that the carboxylation rate at 25 °C (Vc,max25), was more impactful than a factor representing water limitation, although tuning both was helpful in addressing biases with the default values. This framework could potentially enable a substantial improvement in our capability to learn parameters and reduce biases for ecosystem modeling at large scales.
Biochar promotes soil aggregate stability and associated organic carbon sequestration, and regulates microbial community structures in Mollisols from Northeast China
Authors: Sun Jing , Lu Xinrui , Chen Guoshuang , Luo Nana , Zhang Qilin , Li Xiujun
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Since the 1950s, heavy plowing of Mollisols, combined with a lack of organic matter intake, has resulted in severe soil degradation in Northeast China. The use of biochar in combination with fertilizer is a sustainable method of improving soil quality. In this paper, we conducted field experiments to explore the response of the stability mechanism of the soil aggregates, the dynamic properties of organic carbon, and changes in the microbial community structure to biochar. The biochar input levels were C1, C2, and C3 (9.8, 19.6, and 29.4 Mg·ha-1, respectively), while the nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates were N1/2 (300 kg·ha-1) and N (600 kg·ha-1). The field test showed that the C2N treatment increased the aggregate contents of the > 2 mm and 0.25–2 mm fractions by 56.59 and 23.41 %, respectively. The mean weight diameter increased by 41.53 %, while the geometric mean diameter increased by 21.62 %. The organic carbon content of large aggregates shows a greater increase, with an average of 28.14 %. The phospholipid fatty acids analysis revealed that bacteria (B) were the most prevalent organisms in the soil, followed by fungi (F). The C3N treatment increased the F / B ratio by 36.46 %, whereas the C3 treatment increased the gram-positive (Gm+)/gram-negative (Gm−) ratio by 19.67 %. We concluded that the response of Mollisols to biochar is primarily determined by the interplay of aggregates, organic carbon, and microorganisms. Based on the sequestration of SOC and the sustainability and stability of the ecosystem, we selected the optimal ratio for biochar and N fertilizer application and provide a scientific basis for the sustainable utilization of Mollisols resources.
Using a deep neural network to detect methane point sources and quantify emissions from PRISMA hyperspectral satellite images
Authors: Joyce Peter , Ruiz Villena Cristina , Huang Yahui , Webb Alex , Gloor Manuel , Wagner Fabien Hubert , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Barrio Guilló Rocío , Wilson Chris , Boesch Hartmut
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Anthropogenic emissions of methane (CH4) make up a considerable contribution towards the Earth’s radiative budget since pre-industrial times. This is because large amounts of methane are emitted from human activities and the global warming potential of methane is high. The majority of anthropogenic fossil methane emissions to the atmosphere originate from a large number of small (point) sources. Thus, detection and accurate, rapid quantification of such emissions is vital to enable the reduction of emissions to help mitigate future climate change. There exist a number of instruments on satellites that measure radiation at methane-absorbing wavelengths, which have sufficiently high spatial resolution that can be used for detecting highly spatially localised methane 'point sources' (areas on the order of km2). Searching for methane plumes in methane sensitive satellite images using classical methods, such as thresholding and clustering, can be useful but are time-consuming and often inaccurate. Here, we develop a deep neural network to identify and quantify methane point source emissions from hyperspectral imagery from the PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA) satellite with 30-m spatial resolution. The moderately high spectral and spatial resolution as well as considerable global coverage and free access to data make PRISMA a good candidate for methane plume detection. The neural network was trained with simulated synthetic methane plumes generated with the Large Eddy Simulation extension of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-LES), which we embedded into PRISMA images. The deep neural network was successful at locating plumes with F1-score, precision and recall of 0.95, 0.96 and 0.92, respectively, and was able to quantify emission rates with a mean error of 24 %. The neural network was furthermore able to locate several plumes in real-world images. We have thus demonstrated that our method can be effective in locating and quantifying methane point source emissions in near real time from 30-m resolution satellite data which can aid us in mitigating future climate change.
THE ROLE AND ACTIVITY OF NATIONAL PARTS IN THE HISTORY OF MILITARY STRUCTURE OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   KGUTI after Sh. Esenova, Aktau, Kazakhstan, Erezhepova R.G. , Kalmenova B.T. ,   Astana Medical University, Nursultan city. Kazakhstan, Zhakhanova Z.A. ,   KGUTI after Sh. Esenova, Aktau, Kazakhstan
Published: November 2022

The article examines national structures, their composition, location, review of hostilities, documentary collections on the organization of national units of the Red Army. The article describes the history of the formation of the military structure of Kazakhstan during the years of Soviet power, including the 20-30s of the twentieth century, and also examines the influence and stages of the political demagogy of the Bolsheviks on the formation of the military structure of Kazakhstan.Іn this regard, the views of the Kazakh intelligentsia of T. Ryskulov and A. Baitursynov on the national military concept of national military structures are taken into account.The influence of the totalitarian regime on social and political life lies in the emergence of the centralized Armed Forces of the Union republics, the totalitarian regime classifies the Turkic population of the Turkestan region by classes and creates permanent national military units of the Red Army.
THE INFO RELATED TO KAZAKH KHANATE FROM “TARIKH-I ABBASI” (“RUZNAMA-YE MOLLA JALAL”) COMPOSITION
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Kambarbekova G.
Published: November 2022

This article examines the Persian source of the late 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century, which hasn’t previously studied by domestic researchers. This source contains information about the Kazakh Khanate. The major purpose of the article is to study information from a Persian source on the history of the Kazakh Khanate, to analyse and introduce into scientific circulation. The major task of the article is to study the original source, translate information on the history of the Kazakh Khanate, and give readers information about the source. In the article, the author worked with a Persian source and applied source methods. To define the historicity and objectivity of this source, the known sources of the period below the review studied, and it carried out comparative analyses. According to the results of the study, it revealed there was a tradition to write several historical works in the same period. The author analyses the similarities, and differences between the two sources and reveals that the sources of one period complement each other, but they also have differences. The article explores the differences between the two sources based on specific examples. Summing up, the author compares the information of an unexplored source with the information included in the scientific circulation and reveals previously unknown facts on the history of the Kazakh Khanate.
«BIRLIK TUY» AS AN IMPORTANT HISTORICAL SOURCE IN THE HISTORY OF THE TURKESTAN REGION
Authors:   AUPET named after Gumarbek Daukeev. Kazakhstan, Almaty, Baidildina F.S.H. , Rajapov A.U. ,   AUPET named after Gumarbek Daukeev. Kazakhstan, Almaty
Published: November 2022

A significant role in the study of the everyday life of the Kazakh people, traditional life of the Kazakh village, political situation that developed in the Kazakh region at the beginning of the XXth century belongs to the periodicals published in Kazakh language, among which the newspaper “Birlik tuy”.Valuable information about the social political and social-economic situation of the region, the daily life of the population of the Syrdarya and Zhetysu regions of the Turkestan region were reflected on the pages of the newspaper. In addition, the newspaper “Birlik tuy” constantly informed the residents of the region about the most important events that took place in the region and activitiesof local authorities.Despite its short-term publishing activity, the newspaper “Birlik tuy” is one of those periodicals, whose materials widely covered the life and everyday life of the Kazakh people, difficulties and hardships of those years, hopes and dreams that they lived after the February and October revolutions, that, undoubtedly contributed to the growth of their self-consciousness and the expansion of political horizons.
KAZAKH FAMINE REFUGEES OF THE EARLY 1930S IN WESTERN SIBERIA: PROBLEMS OF ADAPTATION AND HABITATION
Authors:   Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology. Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kozybayeva M.M. , Bekenova A.A. ,   Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology. Kazakhstan, Almaty
Published: November 2022

The authors in the article study the features of migration processes, adaptation and socio-economic situation of Kazakh nomads in Western Siberia during the period of collectivization and mass famine in the early 1930s. In Kazakhstan. In particular, on the example of the Tyumen, Omsk and Novosibirsk regions of Western Siberia, a characteristic was given of the migration movement of Kazakhs during the period of mass famine in the early 1930s, the sources of migration and forms of adaptation to local forms of economy were analyzed using the example of the formation of Kazakh auls, as well as the sphere of employment of Kazakh migrants in heavy industry enterprises. The authors come to the conclusion that the famine refugees from Kazakhstan during the famine of the early 1930s significantly increased the number of the Kazakh population of Western Siberia. Forced to seek a livelihood in new places of settlement, they settled mainly in cities where industrial enterprises were located, were in a difficult and even distressful situation in comparison with the local population.
SOVIET NATIONAL POLICY IN KAZAKH SSR IN 1946-1991: HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE PROBLEM
Authors:   E. A. Buketov Karaganda University of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Saktaganova Z.G. , Korovushkin D.G. ,   Siberian University of Consumer Cooperation, Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Baigozhina G.M. ,   E. A. Buketov Karaganda University of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda
Published: November 2022

The process of theoretical study of national policy in Kazakhstan, as well as in the USSR as a whole, has passed a difficult path from various prohibitions to works with new, fundamentally different conceptual approaches and methodology. The authors analyze the conceptual approaches of representatives of foreign historiography, dividing it into two groups: Anglo-American and Russian, historiography of the Soviet period, as well as the works of modern Kazakh researchers to the implementation of national policy in Kazakhstan. Significant number of works during the study period allows authors to trace how the approaches, methods and conclusions on the identified problems changed. The study of extensive literature on national issues allows determining the level of influence of ideology on historical science, to consider the differences between studies of the Soviet period from foreign and modern ones.
ACTIVITIES OF THE «TURKESTAN NATIONAL UNION» IN EUROPE
Authors:   Ch.   Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology, Almaty, Kazakhs, Kokebayeva G.K.
Published: November 2022

The article discusses the history of the “Turkestan National Union” in Europe. This organization was created by the Turkic emigrants consisting of the most educated and cultural layers of the Turkic nations of the former Russian empire. They contributed greatly to developing the ideological basis for the national liberation struggle of the Turkic nations in the USSR. The political activity of emigrants from the Soviet Union in Europe was carried out mainly within the framework of the “Prometheus” League. “Prometheus” was a political club that united a number of independent national organizations of the former colonial regions of the Russian Empire. The sources for the study - are documents and materials from the European archives. The main ideas and goals of the “Turkestan National Union” are viewed as an alternative to the creation of Soviet republics in Turkestan.
THE COMPOSITION OF M.KH. DULATI «TARI H-I-RA SHI DI» AS A SOURCE ON THE HISTORY OF MOGULSTAN(SECOND HALF OF THE XIV TH CENTURY – THE FIRST HALF OF THE XVI TH CENTURY)
Authors:   Institute of History and Ethnology named after Ch.Ch. Valikhanova, Almaty, Kaxakhstan, Shashaev A.K. , Maksutova A.A. ,   Taraz Regional University named after M.Kh. Dulati, Taraz., Kazakhstan, Tleubayev S.B. ,   Institute of History and Ethnology named after Ch.Ch. Valikhanova, Almaty, Kaxakhstan, Мamraimov S.D. ,   Central Asian Innovation Universitity, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
Published: November 2022

This article analyzes the works of M.Kh. Dulati «Tarikh-i Rashidi» as a historiographic source of the history of Moghulistan in the second half of the 14th-17th centuries and its role in historical research. According to Muhammad Haydar, at that time, the Mogul khans began to move away from the conquered lands, from state administration and power, so their history was not recorded in chronicles. «Tarikh-i Rashidi» is a valuable work containing information about historical events that took place from the XIV-th to the XVI-th century. Mirza Haydar in his «Tarikh-i Rashidi» not only refers to events and their eyewitnesses, but also widely uses the works of famous scientists-historians, geographers and even Sufi treatises. Based on the foregoing, the main goal of our article is to analyze the historical research of this work by M.Kh. Dulati, which mission was to keep the history of the Moguls from extinction.
ROLE OF KAZAKH SULTANS IN THE LIFE OF SOCIETY IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XVIII CENTURY (BASED ON NEW RUSSIAN SOURCES)
Authors:   Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Kabuldinov Z.E. , Tleubayev S.B. ,   Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Tylakhmetova A.S. ,   Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Absadyk A.A. ,   A. Baitursynov Kostanay State University, Kostanay, Kazakhstan
Published: November 2022

In this article, on the basis of new archival materials, some problems of the life and activities of the Kazakh sultans of the Middle Zhuz (Military and sociopolitical tribal structure of the Kazakhs-author)are analyzed in relation to the second half of the XVIII century. The author dwells in detail on the activities of the descendants of Genghis Khan, mainly in the area of the Irtysh (Ertis River-kaz.) border line. These are such sultans as: Sultanmamet, Urus, Khudaymendy, Abulfis, Chingis, Uali, Tauke, Menkush, Zholbarys, Batay, Daiyr, Sadyk, etc. Also some issues of the transition of the sultans and their subjects to the right bank of the Irtysh are analyzed. The author cites the correspondence of the sultans with the military administration about the stolen cattle, the escape of slaves, and so on. This article also discusses issues related to the sending of the deputation of the sultans to the capital of the Russian Empire, as well as their acceptance of Russian citizenship. The issues of building houses for the sultans at the expense of the state treasury stand apart. The relationship of the sultans to the Russian interpreters and mullahs, who received salaries from the treasury and served the empire, is described in a very interesting way.Archival materials are mainly taken from the Historical Archives of the Omsk Region.
THE COLONIAL POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN RELATION TO THE KAZAKHS OF THE WEST SIBERIAN GOVERNORSHIPIN ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS (II HALF OF XIX C.)
Authors:   Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey, Kuanbay O.
Published: November 2022

This article describes the dynamics of the policy of colonization of the Kazakhs under the West Siberian General-Governorship in the first decade and the second half of the XIX century. The events in the lives of the local population, the policy of arbitrariness in the implementation of normative legislation in the Kazakh steppes is presented in archival reports, letters, and another documents with substantiated historical accuracy. Some aspects of the colonial policy of the Russian Empire in the Kazakh steppes are conveyed by these specific archival documents. The structure of the West Siberian General-Governorship itself was the anchor of the colonial rope in the Kazakh steppes. The article describes in detail all the targeted colonial policy and social activities of the West Siberian General-Governorship. The article also clearly reflects the political interests of the Russian Empire in the Kazakh steppes. Since the article is written entirely on the basis of archival documents, it accurately conveys the image of that era. The main purpose of the article is to reveal the political and social secrets of colonial policy on the basis of these archives.
THE PHENOMENON OF SEDENTARY CULTURE IN A NOMADIC ENVIRONMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE GOLDEN HORDE SETTLEMENT OF AKTOBE)
Authors:   Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology of the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the RK, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Uzhkenov E.M. , Shotanova G.A. ,   Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology of the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the RK, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Moryakova M.T. ,   Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology of the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the RK, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: November 2022

This article explores the relationship between nomadic and sedentary agricultural cultures on the territory of Western Kazakhstan in the Golden Horde period. For a long time, the existence of cities was regarded, as an exceptional phenomenon, where the main primate was the sedentary population, and nomads acted as a kind of historical background. However, the new data highlights, that it was the nomadic culture, that was the main one, and the products of the nomadic economy were the main source of the very existence of urban life. Since the very topic of the relationship between the Steppe and the City within the framework of Russian historical science is relatively poorly studied, and also taking into account the latest achievements of domestic and world scientists, it is necessary to pay special attention to the little-known aspects of the relationship between nomadic and sedentary cultures.Further research of the relationship between nomadic and sedentary farms is the cornerstone in understanding the problems of domestic medieval studies, and serves as a basis for the subsequent reconstruction of the system of relations between nomads and sedentary residents. For the current level of study of history, and consequently, various aspects of the functioning of settled settlements, it is necessary to attract new, including interdisciplinary methods that can help recreate the medieval historical reality.
SULTAN URAZ-MUKHAMMED AND KAZAKH-RUSSIAN AMBASSADOR RELATIONS AT THE END OF THE XVI CENTURY (ACCORDING TO RGADA MATERIALS)
Authors:   Institute of History of the State CS MES RK, Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan, Lapin N.S.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the article is to study the place and role of the future Kasimov Khan Uraz-Muhammad during the Kazakh-Russian negotiations in 1595. The source base for the article was materials identified by the author in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (Moscow, Russia). These materials verified with copies available in the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty) and the Scientific Archive of the Republic State Enterprise “Gylym Ordasy” (Almaty). In addition, all documents published on the problem systematized and studied.An analysis of the sources clearly shows that the Kazakh sultan and the future Khan Kasimov, Uraz-Muhammed, played a significant role and directly related to the establishment of embassy contacts of the Kazakh Khanate and the Russian state. Uraz-Muhammad, as shown by archival documents, held not one meeting as previously thought, but not less than three meetings with the Kazakh ambassador Kul-Muhammed. It was during these meetings that the positions of the Kazakh side were voiced, those goals that prompted Khan Tavakkul to send his embassy to Moscow. In addition, Uraz-Mohammed directly facilitated Kazakh-Iranian embassy relations.
FORMATION OF MILITARY UNITS FROM SOVIET PRISONERS OF WAR IN GERMANY
Authors:   Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Kokebayeva G.K. , Stamshalov E.I. ,   Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: November 2022

There are problems in the history of World War II that at certain periods of modern history have been a stumbling block for researchers seeking impartial study and objective interpretation of historical events and phenomena. Someof these problems, in particular the history of the creation of military units from Soviet prisoners of war, served as a pretext for political repression during the Stalinist period. In Soviet historiography, the initiative to create military formations from Soviet POWs was prescribed to emigrants who had left for European countries in the early years of the establishment of Soviet power in the former Russian Empire. In reality, a variety of historical factors influenced the creation of volunteer formations from POWs.
HISTORIOGRAPHY OF YER YEDIGE EPIC IN 2ND HALF OF 19 – 1ST HALF OF 20 CC.
Authors:   Eurasian University named after L.N. Gumilyov, Kazakhstan, Astana, Kushkumbayev A.K. , Ualiyev T.A. ,   Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau University, Kazakhstan, Kokshetau
Published: November 2022

From the 2nd half of the 19 century to the 1st half of the 20 century the articleanalyses and highlights the main stages in the study of the heroic epic Yer Yedige. The destiny of Yer Yedige epic, as well as the heroes of the epic, turned out to be full of adventures and dramatic plotlines. It is arguable that to the extent that the researchers changed the image of the hero by studying the epos and adapting it to the Soviet reality and ideology, the epos changed the fate of the scholars themselves. Due to ideological pressure, which started after the Resolution of Central Committee of All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in 1944, scientists radically changed their scientific career and gave up the theme of Yedige epos (A.Margulan changed from philology to archeology), which in its turn had a negative impact on Yedige studies, reducing its scientific and cognitive potential up to 80s of the 20 century. In this context, the article attempts to review the history of Yedige epic studies within conceptualist and anthropological research models used in historiographical studies. In this view, for the first period of the study of the epic of Yedige (from the 2nd half of the 19 century to the pre-revolutionary period) it is more producible to be considered within a conceptualist model of historiographical research, and for the second period (next quarter of 20 cen.) within an anthropological model of research.
A BOW AS A TRADITIONAL WEAPON IN THE HEROIC EPICS OF THE KAZAKHS
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Agatay O.M.
Published: November 2022

The article introduces information about heroic epics of the Kazakhs, containing facts about a ranged weapon – a bow of the nomads of the Great Steppe of the Middle Ages and New Age. Before this information was not an aim of special scientific research and was not translated into other languages. Based on a comprehensive analysis of folklore, artefacts and written sources, there was an attempt to find out the original names of the bows of the Turkic warriors of the Middle Ages and New Age as well as their construction features. The basic terms used in the heroic epics of the Kazakhs were identified and attributed to denote a ranged weapon of the nomads of the abovementioned period on the basis of the research of collected, systematized and analyzed facts. In addition, in particular, it was found out that in the Middle Ages and New Age, a ranged weapon of nomadic warriors of Kazakhstan and adjacent lands was differently named: jaq, jai, saadaq, sarja, buharja, adyrna. Here, we see, a name of a ranged weapon – a bow (jaq, jai) of the Turkic warriors known in the ancient times and early Middle Ages, changed and a few various names became applicable, largely as a result of metonymic transition, that is, a name of a separate part of the structure of the bow was applied to the whole item, which then entered the military vocabulary of the Kazakhs. Thus, for instance, the name limb – adyrna and baіenek made of bone, horns, and wood, featuring the basic functional structure of the bow, was applied to the common name of a traditional bow of the nomads. And known as a bow case of a bow – saadaq entered later military vocabulary of the Kazakhs to denote the bow. When comparing the description of a ranged weapon in the heroic epics of the Kazakhs with its genuine samples from archaeological monuments and traits of written sources, a high level of correlation between folklore and artefacts is noticeable.
Leadership on Trial : A Manifesto for Leadership Development
Authors:   Richard Ivey School of Business, Western University, Crossan Mary , Seijts Gerard ,   Richard Ivey School of Business, Western University, Gandz Jeffrey ,   Richard Ivey School of Business, Western University, Stephenson Carol ,   Richard Ivey School of Business, Western University
Published: November 2022

Recent books and articles have analyzed the causes of the global financial and economic crisis of 2007-09. Yet little attention has been paid to the quality of leadership in organizations that were at the epicentre of the storm, were victims of it, avoided it or even prospered from it. In the summer of 2009 a multi-disciplinary group of Ivey faculty decided to look at the leadership dimensions of the recent financial and economic crisis. We started by writing a working paper that laid out our preliminary views. We then engaged more than 300 business, public sector and not-for-profit leaders in small and large groups, as individuals and collectives, to get their reaction to this paper and, more generally, to discuss te role that organizational leadership played before, during and after the crisis. We examined leadership not just in the financial sector but also in many other public and private sector organizations that were affected by the crisis. In a sense, we were putting leadership on trial. Our aim in doing this was not to identify and assign blame. Rather, we examined leadership during this critical period in recent history to learn what we could, and use the learning to improve practice in leadership today and the development of next generation leaders. As we analyzed the role of leadership in this crisis we were faced with one major question: "Would better leadership have made a difference?" Our answer is unequivocal: "Yes!" We recognize that many people could argue it is unfair to criticize leaders whose decisions were based on their knowledge of the situation at the time and which only eventually, with the aid of 20/20 hindsight proved bad. We respect this view but we disagree with it. Some business and public sector leaders predicted better than others the bursting of the housing bubble and financial markets turmoil, positioned their organizations to avoid problems, and coped with them skillfully. Their organizations were not badly damaged by the crisis and some even prospered. Some governments and regulatory agencies' control and monitoring systems were superior to those in the U.S., the U.K., Ireland, Spain, Iceland and other countries that had to bail out their banks and other industries. Our evidence supports the conclusion that these companies, these agencies, these governments and these countries had better leadership. Good leadership mattered then and good leadership will matter in the future. We are presenting our conclusions about what good leadership involves in the form of a public statement of principles - a manifesto that addresses what good leaders do, who they are, and how they can be developed in organizations.
THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW BEFORE INVESTING
Authors: TIWARI DIVYANSHU
Published: November 2022

DIVYANSHU TIWARI; 2Mr. MANISH SHARMA
PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF A MOON SHAPE SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR TRIPLE BAND 5G WIRELESS APPLICATIONS
Authors: YADAV JANUPAM KUMAR
Published: November 2022

JANUPAM KUMAR YADAV, SUMAN LATA , SANDEEP KUMAR SINGH
DIFFERENT APPROACH TO THE MECHANISM OF ADHESION OF SURFACE TREATED WITH TRICHLOROISOCYANURIC ACID SOLUTION RUBBER AND POLYURETHANE ADHESIVE JOINTS
Authors: Pascual-Sánchez Verónica , Martín-Martínez José Miguel
Published: November 2022

Although the effects produced by the surface treatment of rubber with organic solvent solutions of trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCI) leading to improved adhesion to polyurethane (PU) adhesive have been established, the mechanism of adhesion involved is still unclear. In this study, the reaction of TCI species on the rubber surface with the PU adhesive leading to the formation of chemical bonds was proposed as the relevant mechanism of adhesion. As a model, TCI was added to polyurethane adhesive (PU + TCI), and a polyurethane film was immersed in TCI solution (PU − TCI), their surface, structural, and viscoelastic properties were monitored for different times. The formation of chemical bonds between the polyurethane chains and TCI species derived from the solid TCI crystals on the rubber surface during bonding formation, and the crosslinking/hardening of the PU surface were evidenced. The reaction with TCI species increased the surface energy on the PU, mainly the polar component, similar surface energies were obtained in both PU + TCI and PU − TCI after 7 days. The enhanced surface energies on the PU that reacted with TCI were ascribed to the creation of new C–Cl and C=O species, their percentages were higher on PU + TCI than on PU − TCI surface. On the other hand, new N–H stretching and carbonyl species were produced; this indicated that TCI species interacted with the hard segments. Furthermore, the crystallization peaks in PU + TCI and PU − TCI at higher temperatures and lower enthalpies than in PU indicated the disruption of the interactions between the soft segments. Therefore, the structural changes in the PU caused by reaction with TCI species affected their degree of phase separation and viscoelastic properties. The addition of solid TCI to the PU caused a noticeable degradation and hardening, the extent of degradation was more marked by increasing the time, this led to lower mechanical properties.
Interexpert Agreement Between Emergency Neuroradiologists with Different Levels of Experience in the Rating of ASPECTS
Authors: Andropova P. L. , Gavrilov P. V. , Kazantseva I. P. , Kochanova N. I. , Narkevich A. N. , Trofimova T. N.
Published: November 2022

Fifteen radiologists independently evaluated fifty non-contrast brain computed tomography of patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke. Within-group agreement was either negligible or moderate, and the best inter-expert agreement was observed between neuroradiologists with 1 to 3 years of experience. Our study allows us to conclude that ASPECTS is not an ideal tool for standardizing the diagnosis of MCA stroke, therefore, it is necessary to develop new models of standardization systems, as well as the use of hydride diagnostics, including automatic analysis.
Computed Tomography of the Lungs as a Means of Predicting Lethal Outcome in Cancer Patients with Pneumonia Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Virus
Authors: Parshin V. V. , Lezhnev D. A. , Berezhnaia E. E. , Mishina A. V.
Published: November 2022

The global scientific community has recognized the high importance of lung CT as a diagnostic method. The objective of this study is to prove the significance of lung CT as a means of predicting fatal outcomes of COVID–19 viral pneumonia in patients with a severe and extremely severe course of the disease. The volume of lung damage was retrospectively estimated in postmortem studies of 26 patients with the burden of cancer and in 78 patients without any cancer history (the control group). Lung CT was performed on the day of death and maximum 3 days before it. We concluded that the patients with cancer died with a lesion volume two times smaller than those without cancer, 32.38 ± 17.41% and 69.21 ± 11.63%, respectively. Thus, lung CT is not only a diagnostic tool, but it can also predict the fatal outcome of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (COVID-19) in patients with a severe and extremely severe course of the disease.
Prevalence of Helminth Parasites of Swine in three Selected Local Government Areas of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: P.O. Ojo , M.P. Ojo
Published: November 2022

Background: Helminth infections of swine are common, but reports on the economic losses are not available. Though they cause a reduction in weight gain by interfering with food digestion, absorption, and feed conversion efficiency, there has been an increase in feeding cost complicated by helminth parasite infections. The losses are difficult to substantiate due to the chronic nature of helminth infections. This study sought to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of swine helminth infections in three local government areas of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. A simple random sampling technique was applied to selected pig farms and animals from three local government areas in Ibadan for participation. 10 grams of freshly voided faeces were collected from a total of 246 pigs into a sterile labelled bottle containing 10% formalin until processed. Faecal samples were examined in the Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan. Oral interviews were made to assess the daily routine activities and health status of the pigs from farm owners. Results: The overall prevalence of helminth parasites of swine in this study was 34.2% while the species prevalence of four helminth parasites obtained in this study included: A. suum 35 (14.26%), T. suis 23 (9.3%), Oesophagostomum spp 17 (6.9%), and Strongyloides spp 9 (3.6%). Also the overall single and mixed helminth infections were 70.2% and 29.8% in the three local government areas respectively; helminth parasitic load was highest in grower pigs (48.4%), followed by piglets (31.6%), and lowest in adult pigs (22.5%) without significant difference (p>0.05). Female pigs demonstrated a higher parasite burden (37.6%) than male pigs (30.6%) with no significant difference (p>0.05). Semi-intensively managed farms had a higher parasite load (71%) than those under the intensive system (24%) while farms that administered anthelmintic recorded a lower prevalence (15%), and those without had a higher (63%) significance (p<0.05). Pigs in Ona-Ara and Akinyele local government areas voided low (EPG≤100) to moderate (EPG≥100<500) amount of helminth eggs while pigs in Egbeda local government area excreted high (EPG≥500≤1000). Conclusion: The risk factors for helminth infections in pigs are age, sex, farm management practice, and anthelminthic administration.
Entrepreneurship as a Potential Solution to High Unemployment: A Systematic Review of Growing Research and Lessons For Ghana
Authors: P. Abigail , M. Alhassan
Published: November 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic coupled with perennial natural disasters, wars, population increase and urbanization have rendered many people jobless and new job seekers with little or no opportunity for employment. In line with these challenges, this paper sought to review extant literature on the successes of entrepreneurship as an approach to solving unemployment across the globe. The study sought to specifically identify whether entrepreneurship alone is sufficient to achieve unemployment reduction or it must be used in tandem with other approaches, and the necessary conditions for entrepreneurship as an unemployment reducer. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach was used to search for relevant journal articles from Scopus, Emerald Insight and Google Scholar search engines. The search criteria were limited to unemployment and entrepreneurship nexus globally, a period of 1970 to 2020 and journal articles. Using the SLR technique, a total of 32 articles were identified out of which 19 were relevant to the research topic. The review identified that entrepreneurship alone decreases unemployment conditionally, but when combined with innovation produces a powerful force capable of revolutionizing every economy unconditionally. Another finding indicates that unemployment reduction through entrepreneurship is not instantaneous and thus requires a minimum of five years to be evident. Further findings show that entrepreneurship in the construction, transportation and utilities, financial activities, professional and business services sectors have the most impactful reduction on unemployment. Again, it was identified that provision of funds, credit facilities, training and tax reductions as well as new ideas, knowledge-based economic activities and self-reliant activity programs are key entrepreneurial recipes to halt unemployment. Thus, on the whole, entrepreneurship reduces unemployment but its true strength manifests when it is combined with innovation, and stakeholders are committed to making entrepreneurial conditions readily available. Ghana can then benefit massively by incorporating innovation with its entrepreneurship interventions.