bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Threshing and Grain Separating Mechanism with Differentiate Concave for Intensification of Threshing and Grain Separation
Authors: Klochkov Aleksandr Viktorovich , Gusarov Vladimir Vladimirovich , Kuboń Maciej , Kamiński Jan Radosław
Published: October 2017

The objective of the paper was intensification of the process of threshing and grain separation by a rasp-bar threshing mechanism of a combine harvester with a differentiate concave; substantiation of a regular-style design and differentiate concave parameters as well as threshing and separating mechanism operation modes. Theoretical research has been conducted based on laws of motion, experimental investigation – in accordance with methods devised on the basis of conventional methodologies. Standard computing methods as well as Microsoft Excel and Mathcad application packages have been used for processing experimental data. Measuring and recording equipment has been used in the research process. Experimental investigation has been carried out on specially devised experimental assemblies. The research has enabled: to substantiate the design-manufacturing process of the threshing and separating mechanism with a differentiate concave; to establish analytical dependencies to determine the area of typical influence zones of a threshing drum and concave on threshing mass; to ascertain the regularity of stem deformation under the influence of different forces regulated by changing the distance between concave transverse slats; to figure out the regression equation enabling finding optimal process variables for a threshing and separating mechanism with a differentiate concave. The scientific novelty of the engineering solutions is confirmed by a patent of the Republic of Belarus for the utility model № 6335 « Tresking mechanism». The results of theoretical and experimental research have been used in developing design documentation for the production of a differentiate concave for combine harvesters PA «Gomselmash».
Assessment of Selected Technical Parameters of Soya Seeds Oil Pressing Process
Authors: Panasiewicz Marian , Mazur Jacek , Nadulski Rafał , Sobczak Paweł , Zawiślak Kazimierz , Kobus Zbigniew
Published: October 2017

The objective of the paper was to determine the impact of the value of the oil pressing pressure with the cold pressing method in a screw press on the pressing course and performance. Varied values of pressure were obtained through the use of three replaceable attachments of the pressing unit with a varied diameter of the outlet conduit (ф1
=2 mm, ф2
=4 mm and ф3
=6 mm). The soya oil pressing process performance was determined in relation to the applied attachment and the soya cultivar. Seeds of 7 Polish non-genetically modified soya cultivars constituted research material. It was proved that both variable pressure values and the used soya cultivars have impact on the pressing performance. Based on the analysis of the obtained research results it was proved that varied technical parameters and soya cultivars influence both the process performance and the remaining parameters and pressing conditions.
Cell communication modes and bidirectional mitochondrial exchange in direct and indirect macrophage/hMSC co-culture models
Authors: Tylek Tina , Schlegelmilch Katrin , Ewald Andrea , Rudert Maximilian , Jakob Franz , Groll Jürgen
Published: October 2017

Macrophages are important cells of the innate immune system. They exhibit a high plasticity in phenotypes and play a major role in healing by initiating the early inflammatory reactions via the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype. The anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype is assumed to induce regenerative processes and vascularization in subsequent tissue repair. Especially for regenerative processes, their interplay with multipotent human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) is decisive. Accordingly, in vitro co-culture models of these cell types are an important starting point for unraveling regenerative mechanisms. In our study, we compared direct co-culture, transwell-systems, and the use of conditioned medium to investigate the mitochondria transfer between the two cell types and the influence of hMSCs' presence on the phagocytic activity of macrophages. Using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, we visualized the transfer of mitochondria in both directions: from hMSCs to macrophages and most notably also vice versa. Both cell types release mitochondria and internalize them in direct contact via tunneling nanotubes, as well as in indirect contact due to extracellular vesicles (EVs). Mitochondria were non-directionally released into the medium and could be transferred via conditioned medium. After three hours of direct and indirect co-culture, the majority of the cells showed a mitochondrial uptake. Co-cultivation also led to an increase of phagocytic activity of macrophages, with the highest phagocytic rate after 48 h and most pronounced in direct co-cultivation.
Fabrication of magnetic nanorods and their applications in medicine
Authors: Ramzannezhad Ali , Gill Pooria , Bahari Ali
Published: October 2017

Nanorods in nanotechnology called a specific type of morphology of nanoscale materials that their dimensions range is from 1 to 100 nm. Nanorods can be synthesized from metal or semi-conductive material with a surface to volume ratio of 3–5. One method of making nanorods is direct chemical method. Ligands compounds as a shape control agents cause growth the nanorods and create stretched and extended modes of them. In recent years, magnetic nanorods are one of the nanorods that have been raised in the field of nano medicine [Nath S, Kaittanis C, Ramachandran V, Dalal NS, Perez JM. Synthesis, magnetic characterization, and sensing applications of novel dextran-coated iron oxide nanorods. Chem Mater. 2009;21:1761–7.]. Superparamagnetic properties of magnetic nanorods causes to sensing be done with high accuracy. In addition, other applications of magnetic nanorods are in the field of separation and treatment [Hu B, Wang N, Han L, Chen ML, Wang JH. Magnetic nanohybrids loaded with bimetal core–shell–shell nanorods for bacteria capture, separation, and near-infrared photothermal treatment. Chemistry. 2015;21:6582–9.]. Therefore, in biomedical applications, the nanorods are used usually with biological molecules such as antibodies [Schrittwieser S, Pelaz B, Parak WJ, Lentijo-Mozo S, Soulantica K, Dieckhoff J, et al. Homogeneous protein analysis by magnetic core–shell nanorod probes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2016;8:8893–9.]. For this purpose, in the present work we will try to introduce magnetic nanorods and mention their different methods of synthesis and applications.
Effective Gene Patterned Association Rule Hiding Algorithm for Privacy Preserving Data Mining on Transactional Database
Authors: Gayathiri P. , Poorna B.
Published: October 2017

Association Rule Hiding methodology is a privacy preserving data mining technique that sanitizes the original database by hide sensitive association rules generated from the transactional database. The side effect of association rules hiding technique is to hide certain rules that are not sensitive, failing to hide certain sensitive rules and generating false rules in the resulted database. This affects the privacy of the data and the utility of data mining results. In this paper, a method called Gene Patterned Association Rule Hiding (GPARH) is proposed for preserving privacy of the data and maintaining the data utility, based on data perturbation technique. Using gene selection operation, privacy linked hidden and exposed data items are mapped to the vector data items, thereby obtaining gene based data item. The performance of proposed GPARH is evaluated in terms of metrics such as number of sensitive rules generated, true positive privacy rate and execution time for selecting the sensitive rules by using Abalone and Taxi Service Trajectory datasets.
Non-immune fetal hydrops of metabolic origin: a case report and a review of the literature
Authors: Carvoeiro Ana , Carvalho Filipa , Montenegro Nuno , Matias Alexandra
Published: October 2017

Aim

To propose a diagnostic algorithm for non-immune fetal hydrops (NIFH) of metabolic origin based on a review of the literature and on the workup of a clinical case.

Background

The etiology of NIFH is complex and remains unexplained in 15%–25% of patients. The appropriate work up beyond an initial approach is still not well defined but it should include screening for metabolic conditions. Inborn errors of metabolism comprise a heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive rare inherited disorders, among which lysosomal storage disorder is the most common subtype.

Case description

We report a case of a 30-year-old pregnant, primiparous woman, referred to a tertiary hospital at 22 weeks of gestation because of a fetal hydrops. The second trimester obstetric ultrasound showed a hydrothorax and a large subcutaneous edema. At 30 weeks of gestation, the fetal health status deteriorated and a massive hepatomegaly was detected. The metabolic study of the amniotic fluid supernatant suggested a lysosomal disease. The ominous prognosis of the condition motivated the parents to opt for a termination of pregnancy. The autopsy study confirmed the existence of a metabolic disease.

Conclusion

The incidence of inborn errors of metabolism may be significantly higher in NIHF than reported previously. Consequently, an extensive investigation for the etiology of NIHF including the screening for metabolic disorders seems to be crucial for a definitive diagnosis.

Clinical relevance

Despite the lack of treatment options for the majority of these disorders, it is of great importance to follow an established workup, in order to identify the index case as soon as possible, as pregnancy management decisions and prenatal counselling in future pregnancies will depend on a more precise diagnosis.
The new diagnostic team
Authors: Graber Mark L. , Rusz Diana , Jones Melissa L. , Farm-Franks Diana , Jones Barbara , Cyr Gluck Jeannine , Thomas Dana B. , Gleason Kelly T. , Welte Kathy , Abfalter Jennifer , Dotseth Marie , Westerhaus Kathleen , Smathers Josanne , Adams Ginny , Laposata Michael , Nabatchi Tina , Compton Margaret , Eichbaum Quentin
Published: October 2017

The National Academy of Medicine (NAM) in the recently issued report Improving Diagnosis in Health Care outlined eight major recommendations to improve the quality and safety of diagnosis. The #1 recommendation was to improve teamwork in the diagnostic process. This is a major departure from the classical approach, where the physician is solely responsible for diagnosis. In the new, patient-centric vision, the core team encompasses the patient, the physician and the associated nursing staff, with each playing an active role in the process. The expanded diagnostic team includes pathologists, radiologists, allied health professionals, medical librarians, and others. We review the roles that each of these team members will need to assume, and suggest “first steps” that each new team member can take to achieve this new dynamic.
Wilde Tiere und herrschaftliche Repräsentation in Brandenburg-Preußen im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert
Authors: Rutz Andreas
Published: October 2017

Der Beitrag untersucht den Umgang der drei ersten preußischen Könige mit wilden Tieren. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass das Mensch-Tier-Verhältnis jeweils einem bestimmten Herrschaftsverständnis folgte und dessen Repräsentation auf der europäischen Bühne diente. Friedrich I. nutzte schon vor seiner Krönung zum preußischen König im Jahre 1701 wilde Tiere zur Betonung seiner Gleichrangigkeit mit den europäischen Königshäusern, indem er wie sie Tierkämpfe in antik-römischer Tradition veranstalten ließ. Friedrich Wilhelm I. lehnte das barocke Hofleben und die blutigen Tierspektakel seines Vaters ab. Stattdessen betrieb er Parforcejagden. Die für diese Jagdmethode notwendige Ordnung und Unterwerfung der Natur spiegelte im kleineren Maßstab die Ordnungstätigkeit und Fürsorge des Fürsten für Staat und Bevölkerung insgesamt. Friedrich II. verabscheute die Jagd, wilde Tiere wurden in seiner Regierungszeit zum Wohle des Staates als Schädlinge bekämpft und vielfach ausgerottet. Die Wahrnehmung seines Umgangs mit Tieren ist aber vor allem vom engen Verhältnis des Königs zu seinen Windspielen geprägt. Diese Tierliebhaberei fügt sich in den unkonventionellen, das höfische Zeremoniell ablehnenden Repräsentationsstil Friedrichs ein, bei dem der gezielte Bruch mit höfischen Traditionen Teil der Selbstinszenierung war. Insgesamt zeigt der Beitrag, dass wilde Tiere in unterschiedlicher Weise von den drei preußischen Königen zur Repräsentation von Herrschaft genutzt wurden. Dabei ging es weniger um individuelle Neigungen als jeweils zeitgemäße Formen herrschaftlicher Repräsentation.
Assessment of the antioxidant, thrombolytic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant and anxiolytic activities of leaf extracts and fractions of Tetracera sarmentosa (L.) Vahl
Authors: Uddin Mir Muhammad Nasir , Kabir Mohammad Shah Hafez , Hasan Mahmud , Al Mahmud Zobaer , Alam Bhuiya N. M. Mahmudul , Ahmed Farhan , Hasan Md. Rakibul , Hosen Mohammad Tanvir , Alam Mohammad Shahin
Published: October 2017

Background:

The plant under investigation (Tetracera sarmentosa) is a dicotyledonous flowering plant and belongs to the family Dilleniaceae. The goal of our investigation was to determine whether the leaf extracts of this plant held any significant medicinal properties.

Methods:

Leaves of T. sarmentosa were extracted with pure ethanol (EETS) and methanol (METS), and then methanol extract fractioned with n-hexane (NHFMETS) and chloroform (CHFMETS). The extracts and fractions were tested for antioxidant activity, which was measured by using qualitative and quantitative procedures. Thrombolytic activity was evaluated by the clot lysis test. Analgesic activity was evaluated employing the acidic acid-induced writhing test, the formalin-induced paw licking test and tail immersion on Swiss albino mice. The anti-inflammatory activity test was studied using the paw edema test. Forced swimming, tail suspension, elevated plus maze and hole board model tests were used to evaluate neuropharmacological activity.

Results:

All the extracts and fractions possessed antioxidant effects. All the extracts, fractions and streptokinase exhibited significant (p<0.0001) clot lysis. The extracts and fractions produced significant analgesic effects as evaluated by the acetic acid writhing test, the formalin-induced paw licking test and the tail immersion method. Similarly, carrageenan-induced inflammation was significantly antagonized by the treatments. The extracts and fractions also significantly showed neuropharmacological (antidepressant and anxiolytic) effects.

Conclusions:

The overall results suggested that this plant deserves further investigation to isolate the active compounds which are responsible for these activities and to establish the mechanism of action.
Performance Investigation of 2-D Optical Orthogonal Codes for OCDMA
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Bharti Manisha , Kumar Tanya
Published: October 2017

In this paper, comparative analysis of code performance of dissimilar optical 2-D codes from Optical Orthogonal code family has been studied. Optical 2-D codes considered from OOC family are (n,w,1,2) OOC, SPS/OOC, OCFHC/OOC, EPC/OCS and VWOOC. By utilizing hard limiting error probability (HEP) equations and combinatorial method, code performance of each considered code is evaluated in detail. On the basis of detailed comparative performance analysis, EPC/OCS is concluded as best performing codes among all other optical codes under consideration. EPC/OCS possesses much better correlation properties, along with lower hit probability values which are responsible for its supremacy in performance characteristics to the other OOCs considered.
Experimental demonstration of an optical Feynman gate for reversible logic operation using silicon micro-ring resonators
Authors: Tian Yonghui , Liu Zilong , Ying Tonghe , Xiao Huifu , Meng Yinghao , Deng Lin , Zhao Yongpeng , Guo Anqi , Liao Miaomiao , Liu Guipeng , Yang Jianhong
Published: October 2017

Currently, the reversible logic circuit is a popular research topic in the field of information processing as it is a most effective approach to minimize power consumption, which can achieve the one-to-one mapping function to identify the input signals from its corresponding output signals. In this letter, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an optical Feynman gate for reversible logic operation using silicon micro-ring resonators (MRRs). Two electrical input signals (logic operands) are applied across the micro-heaters above MRRs to determine the switching states of MRRs, and the reversible logic operation results are directed to the output ports in the form of light, respectively. For proof of concept, the thermo-optic modulation scheme is used to achieve MRR’s optical switching function. At last, a Feynman gate for reversible logic operation with the speed of 10 kbps is demonstrated successfully.
What If Quantum Theory Violates All Mathematics?
Authors: Rosinger Elemér Elad
Published: October 2017

It is shown by using a rather elementary argument in Mathematical Logic that if indeed, quantum theory does violate the famous Bell Inequalities, then quantum theory must inevitably also violate all valid mathematical statements, and in particular, such basic algebraic relations like 0 = 0, 1 = 1, 2 = 2, 3 = 3, … and so on …

An interest in that result is due to the following three alternatives which it imposes upon both Physics and Mathematics:

Quantum Theory is inconsistent.

Quantum Theory together with Mathematics are inconsistent.

Mathematics is inconsistent.

In this regard one should recall that, up until now, it is not known whether Mathematics is indeed consistent.
Modeling and Simulation for an 8 kW Three-Phase Grid-Connected Photo-Voltaic Power System
Authors: Cen Zhaohui
Published: October 2017

Gird-connected Photo-Voltaic (PV) systems rated as 5-10 kW level have advantages of scalability and energy-saving, so they are very typical for small-scale household solar applications. In this paper, an 8 kW three-phase grid-connected PV system model is proposed and studied. In this high-fidelity model, some basic PV system components such as solar panels, DC-DC converters, DC-AC inverters and three-phase utility grids are mathematically modelled and organized as a complete simulation model. Also, an overall power controller with Maximum Power Point Control (MPPT) is proposed to achieve both high-efficiency for solar energy harvesting and grid-connection stability. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the PV system model and the proposed controller, and power quality issues are discussed.
Overweight and Obesity in Relation to Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among University Students in Malaysia
Authors: Phing Chee Huei , Hoa Lee Syeh , Hua Tan Xue
Published: October 2017

Background and aims: In light of the urbanization, industrialization and mechanized transportation, cardiovascular risk factors have been predominated. Hence, it is hypothesized that Malaysian students entering the university would not be oblivious to this reality. The study aims to investigate the cardiovascular disease risk factors stratified on genders and body weight status.

Material and Methods: This pilot study had a cross-sectional design. Subjects were assessed for several parameters such as smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary habits, weight, height, physical activity level, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure, pulse rate, glucose, uric acid and cholesterol level. Subjects were students aged 18 years and above who agreed to participate.

Results: Males have higher mean height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio compared to females (p<0.05). In addition, males have higher mean value for systolic blood pressure (p<0.05), diastolic blood pressure, glucose level, uric acid level and cholesterol level, but lower mean value for pulse rate. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure correlated significantly with the three obesity indices, explicitly body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio(p<0.05).

Conclusions: It is crucial to implement intervention programs for those individuals with high risk in developing cardiovascular diseases.
Why Should be the Strategy of Type 2 Diabetes Treatment Radically Changed
Authors: Gmitrov Juraj
Published: October 2017

Insulin resistance is a root cause of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) appearing long time before the outbreak of hyperglycemia. On molecular level, a complex impairment of various biochemical processes occurs, the most important being the failure of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enzymatic chain responsible for activation of glucose transporters and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Therefore, in insulin resistant states the defect of glucose utilization is coupled with NO deficit and vasodilatory impairment, generating a huge body of residual cardiovascular risk. However, majority of drugs administered to treat T2DM (sulfonylureas, high doses of insulin) even amplify this malignant relationship, reflected by aggravated obesity, dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension. Early and tight glycemic control strategy is helpful to prevent cardiovascular complications in younger diabetics and harmful for long lasting diabetes in older patients, dying mostly from macrovascular complications (80%) for which hyperglycemia, responsible primarily for microvascular impairment, is a weak risk factor compared with hypercholesterolemia or high blood pressure. Glucocentric paradigm of T2DM treatment should be therefore revised in favor of pathophysiologic approaches with drugs selected to address multifactorial risk, affecting different components of diabetes pathophysiology, to achieve hypoglycemic goals without worsening obesity, insulin resistance, sympathetic overactivity and NO deficit, for example with dual or triple combinations (with dosage adjusted to glycemia) such as: metformin + SGLT2 inhibitor + GLP-1 agonist or metformin + SGLT2 inhibitor + pyoglitazone. Patients should be strongly advised to enhance physical activity, reduce body weight this being the most effective method to decrease insulin resistance, the key factor of extensive cardiovascular damage.
Microstructure Changes of Steel Materials under Isothermal Heat Treatment in Salt Bath
Authors: Kešner A. , Chotěborský R.
Published: October 2017

To improve the mechanical properties of steel materials such as Vanadis 4extra, Vanadis 10, Vancron 40, and Böhler S600, the isothermal heat treatment procedure using salt bath was used. Samples of the steels were processed at different time of austempering at various temperatures and compared to the samples processed by heat treatment (i.e. quenching in air or quenching in oil and tempering in air) which is most widely used in practice. Hardness properties are determined by the steel microstructure, the size and number of carbide particles in this microstructure. The suitability of heat treatment for improving mechanical properties of different steel materials is assessed.
Der deutsche Krieg im Osten von 1914 bis 1919
Authors: Lieb Peter
Published: October 2017

Vorspann

War die deutsche Kriegführung an der Ostfront des Ersten Weltkriegs so etwas wie das Vorspiel zu Hitlers Vernichtungskrieg gegen die Sowjetunion? Waren beide Kriege von einer spezifischen deutschen Militärkultur geprägt? Peter Lieb untersucht im Lichte dieser aktuellen Forschungsfragen die Ostfront von 1914 bis 1917 sowie die Spätphase des deutschen Ostkriegs 1918/19 in der Ukraine und im Baltikum. Eine ungebrochene Kontinuität zu Hitlers Krieg kann er dabei nicht erkennen.
Zur Frage französischer Kredite für Deutschland 1930/31
Authors: Schirmann Sylvain
Published: October 2017

Vorspann

Hat Reichskanzler Brüning 1930/31 französische Kreditangebote ausgeschlagen und damit aus politischem Kalkül Hilfe in der Weltwirtschaftskrise zurückgewiesen oder waren diese Angebote ohnehin bedeutungslos und war Brünings Kurs somit ohne Alternative? Über diese Frage hat sich 2014/15 in den Vierteljahrsheften für Zeitgeschichte eine lebhafte Debatte zwischen Paul Köppen, Knut Borchardt undRoman Köster entwickelt. Nicht sehr stark beleuchtet wurde dabei allerdings die französische Seite. Sylvain Schirmann, ausgewiesener Kenner der Materie, erweitert nun die Perspektive mit einer Analyse der französischen Kreditpolitik.
Streaming Jeans-Alfvén Instability in Quantum Magnetoplasmas
Authors: Jamil M. , Rasheed A. , Hadi F. , Ali G. , Ayub M.
Published: October 2017

The physical mechanism of magnetosonic perturbations which modifies the Jeans instability in streaming quantum dusty magnetoplasmas is examined. These perturbations are low frequency and electromagnetic in nature that propagate with Alfvén speed. The fluid model consisting of momentum balance equations for quantum plasmas, Poisson’s equation for gravitational potential, and Maxwell’s equations for magnetosonic perturbations is used for the coupled solution. The numerical analysis of the dispersion relation elaborates the significant contribution of streaming speed of plasma species at equilibrium v
0, uniform external magnetic field B
0, electron number density at equilibrium n
0e, and variable dust mass m
d over the Jeans instability. This study helps to understand the possible mechanism responsible for the formation of astrophysical objects.
Die Deregulierung der US-Finanzmärkte als eine Ursache ihrer Krise
Authors: Schiman Stefan
Published: October 2017

Die Finanzmarktreformen nach der Depression in den 1930er-Jahren und die Neuordnung des internationalen Finanzsystems in Bretton Woods 1944 bildeten die Grundlage für eine marktwirtschaftliche Ordnung mit stark regulierten Finanzmärkten, die sich im Westen nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg etablierte. Die Instabilität des Wechselkursregimes aufgrund der asymmetrischen Rolle des Dollars bewirkte den Zusammenbruch dieses Ordnungsrahmens. Starken Wechselkursschwankungen folgten Erdölpreisschocks, die eine Hochzinspolitik auslösten, welche die Regulierung der Finanzmärkte in den USA untergrub. Die durch die Erdölkrise beschädigte nachfrageorientierte Wirtschaftspolitik wurde zudem von einer neoliberalen Doktrin abgelöst, die den Deregulierungsprozess theoretisch fundierte. Der mit dessen kompetitivem Charakter einhergehende Druck auf geschützte Finanzdienstleistungen und auf deren Profitabilität erzeugte eine Welle an Zusammenschlüssen in der Finanzwirtschaft und ermöglichte den dadurch entstandenen Finanzkonglomeraten immer riskantere Geschäfte, die mit dem Einlagen- und Kreditgeschäft eng verzahnt waren. Diese Gemengelage, die an die Ursprünge der Finanzmarktkrise 1929 erinnert, entzündete sich schließlich am Immobilienpreisboom in den USA und mündete in die Finanzmarktkrise 2007/08.
Kontrolle und Autonomie in der selbstorganisierenden Unternehmung: zum Post-Industriellen Strukturwandel des Arbeitsprozesses.
Authors: Ferschli Benjamin
Published: October 2017

Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt eine theoretische wie empirische Anlalyse der „selbtorganisierenden“ Firma, basierend auf der Marx’schen Analyse des Arbeitsprozesses dar. „Selbst-Organisation“ ist in diesem Zusammenhang als die Aufgabe der geschäftsführerisch-hierarchischen Organisation des Arbeitsprozesses zu verstehen. Auf Basis theoretischer Anhaltspunkte aus der Institutionellen Ökonomik, Arbeitsprozesstheorie sowie Konzepten der generellen Arbeits- und Industriesoziologie, wird aus Interviews und einer Fallstudie gewonnenes Datenmaterial analysiert. Eine „Kontrollthese“, abgeleitet aus der Marx’schen Analyse des Arbeitsvertrages, kann dabei nicht falsifziert werden. Abschließend werden Überlegungen zur weiteren Entwicklung des Forschungsgebiets sowie Anmerkungen zu Konsequenzen für Arbeiter_Innenvertretungen und Gewerkschaften diskutiert.
Philanthrokapitalismus: Intransparente Machtausübung durch große U.S. Stiftungen
Authors: Plank Kerstin
Published: October 2017

Dieses Paper behandelt Aspekte des modernen Konzeptes „Philanthrokapitalismus“. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf dem karitativen Engagement nordamerikanischer Milliardäre und den Strategien, durch die diese mithilfe von Stiftungen Macht ausüben können. Der erste Abschnitt beschäftigt sich mit dem derzeitigen Aufstieg des Philanthrokapitalismus. Der zweite Teil zeigt auf, wie Wohltäter und Wohltäterinnen ihre persönlichen und beruflichen Interessen fördern können.
Gene Conversion Facilitates Adaptive Evolution on Rugged Fitness Landscapes
Authors: Bittihn Philip , Tsimring Lev S
Published: October 2017

An important question in evolutionary theory is how adaptation might be hindered on a rugged fitness landscape in the presence of strong selection that..

Gene conversion is a ubiquitous phenomenon that leads to the exchange of genetic information between homologous DNA regions and maintains coevolving multi-gene families in most prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. In this paper, we study its implications for the evolution of a single functional gene with a silenced duplicate, using two different models of evolution on rugged fitness landscapes. Our analytical and numerical results show that, by helping to circumvent valleys of low fitness, gene conversion with a passive duplicate gene can cause a significant speedup of adaptation, which depends nontrivially on the frequency of gene conversion and the structure of the landscape. We find that stochastic effects due to finite population sizes further increase the likelihood of exploiting this evolutionary pathway. A universal feature appearing in both deterministic and stochastic analysis of our models is the existence of an optimal gene conversion rate, which maximizes the speed of adaptation. Our results reveal the potential for duplicate genes to act as a “scratch paper” that frees evolution from being limited to strictly beneficial mutations in strongly selective environments.
La cadena de valor de la panela y el fortalecimiento de la agricultura familiar en Costa Rica
Authors: Arias Ramírez Jessica , Valenciano Salazar Jorge Andrey
Published: October 2017

El artículo presenta una descripción general del funcionamiento de los agentes que componen los eslabones de la cadena de producción y comercialización de la panela (dulce producido del jugo de la caña de azúcar), con el objeto de determinar el efecto socioeconómico y ambiental de esta actividad sobre la zona geográfica donde operan los eslabones agrícola y agroindustrial. Se emplean el enfoque de cadenas globales de mercancías (CGM) y el de desarrollo sostenible, los cuales permiten establecer las interconexiones socioeconómicas entre los diferentes agentes y actores alrededor de un producto, así como los efectos ambientales sobre la zona de influencia. Este estudio logra determinar el efecto de los productores de caña y las industrias familiares procesadoras de panela (trapiches), ubicados en los primeros eslabones de la cadena como dinamizadores del desarrollo sostenible y la agricultura familiar en la comunidad de La Paz de San Ramón, Costa Rica.
XYLOOLIGOSACCHARIDES FROM AGRICULTURAL BY-PRODUCTS: CHARACTERISATION, PRODUCTION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Authors: Kaprelyants L. , Zhurlova O. , Shpyrko T. , Pozhitkova L.
Published: October 2017

The current study is a review of characteristics, production, physiological properties and application of xylooligosaccharides (XOS). XOS are the carbohydrates, their molecules are built from xylose residues linked mainly by в-(1→4)-glycoside bonds. Xylan is important for plant cell walls and is widely spread component in agricultural by-products. XOS are products of xylan hydrolytic degradation, and exhibiting the high prebiotic potential. The XOS preparation of wheat and rye bran stimulated the cells accumulation ‑ 1,4∙1010 CFU/cm3 of L. аcidophilus and 9,2∙1010 CFU/cm3 of В. bifidum. A difference in XOS molecules branching causes a wide range of their physiological properties: antioxidant, immunomodulation, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic. XOS can reduce high cholesterol level and triglycerides in blood plasma. XOS application reviewed in this article opens new perspectives on its potential use for human consumption. The rich sources of xylan are wheat, rye and barley bran, rice husk, wheat straw, corncobs, cotton stalk. Industrial way of XOS production includes chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis with following purification. Chemical methods are based on hydrothermal pretreatment and acidic or alkali extraction. Obtained oligosaccharides have a wide range of polymerization degree (DP) from 2 to 20. Enzymatic methods include fermentation with xylanase that allow controlling the XOS accumulation with certain DP. The different chromatographic purification after hydrolysis is used for analytical purposes. There are anion-exchange, size-exclusion, affinity, size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition, biomethods are preferred for XOS used in food, because such preparations do not contain monosaccharides and furfural as contaminants. XOS are stable in a wide range of temperature and pH, justifying the development of new synbiotics generation. Most widely XOS are used in production of functional products and pharmaceutical preparations. But they are also applied in cosmetic, agricultural and mixed feed industries.
БІОЛОГІЧНА ЦІННІСТЬ ПРІСНОВОДНОЇ РИБИ КРЕМЕНЧУЦЬКОГО ВОДОСХОВИЩА
Authors: Головко М.П. , Головко Т.М. , Крикуненко Л.О.
Published: October 2017

У статті проведено аналіз літературних джерел та проведених власних досліджень щодо показників біологічної цінності прісноводної риби Кременчуцького водосховища. Показано доцільність виористання цієї сировини, для розширення асортименту біологічно цінної харчової продукції.  Дані види риб відрізняються високими репродуктивними можливостями, швидким зростанням, низькими кормовими витратами, що робить їх цінними перспективними об’єктами вирощування та промислової переробки. Наведено результати досліджень хімічного, жирнокислотного, амінокислотного та мінерального складу м’яса коропа, товстолобика та ляща, показники їх безпеки. Проведено порівняльний аналіз харчової цінності коропа, ляща та товстолобика, як одних з перспективних об’єктів промислової переробки. Виявлено відмінності в досліджуваних показниках цих риб. Представлені результати досліджень загального хімічного складу даних видів прісноводних риб вказують на те, що дана сировина характеризується високим вмістом білка та середньо жирна, а білок містить усі незамінні амінокислоти. Наведено результати аналізу масової частки токсичних елементів у досліджуваних видах прісноводних риб. Виявлено, що наявні у товстолобику, коропу та органах і тканинах ляща вміст важких металів є менше встановлених допустимих меж. Це свідчить проте, що обрані для дослідження види прісноводних риб є безпечні у харчовому відношенні та можуть бути використані для подальшої промислової переробки.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЕЛЕКТРОПРИВОДА С ЛИНЕЙНЫМ ДВИГАТЕЛЕМ ДЛЯ ПАКЕТОФОРМИРУЮЩИХ МАШИН
Authors: Кривопляс-Володіна Л.О. , Гавва О.М. , Токачук С.В.
Published: October 2017

В работе рассмотрены и выполнены расчетно-теоретические исследования характеристик линейного асинхронного двигателя (ЛАД) в зависимости от основных технических и конструктивных параметров пакетоформирующих машин. Объектом исследования в работе является электропривод модулей перемещения функциональных систем пакетоформирующей машины с линейным асинхронным электродвигателем. Полученные результаты расчетно-теоретических исследований дают возможность выбрать значения параметров при проектировании функциональных модулей перемещения с линейным асинхронным электродвигателем. Использование в пакетоформирующей машины транспортной системы с электроприводом на базе линейного асинхронного двигателя дает возможность упростить её кинематическую схему и повысить показатели надежности. Полученные результаты могут быть рекомендованы и для других технологических машин и линий в промышленном комплексе.
ANDRÉS BELLO Y JOSÉ VICTORINO LASTARRIA: LA APROPIACIÓN LATINOAMERICANA DEL ROMANTICISMO Y LA ILUSTRACIÓN
Authors: Vrsalovic Stefan
Published: October 2017

El siguiente artículo tiene como propósito indagar en las bases filosóficas que
existen en la llamada “discusión historiográfica” entre Andrés Bello y José Victorino
Lastarria. Básicamente, plantea la plausibilidad de sostener que en el siglo XIX hubo en Chile una apropiación de las ideas filosóficas europeas que permite establecer los inicios de una filosofía propiamente chilena.
EL SACRIFICIO DEL SENTIDO EN TORNO A LA REESCRITURA BATAILLEANA DE HEGEL
Authors: Gómez Germain Francisca
Published: October 2017

Siguiendo muy de cerca la lectura que propone Jacques Derrida de Georges Bataille, en su artículo “De la economía restringida a la economía general. Un hegelianismo sin reserva”, publicado en la Escritura y la diferencia, intentamos mostrar que este último elabora su pensamiento objetando el de Alexandre Kojève, en particular, su conocida tesis sobre la Fenomenología del espíritu. Tomando distancia de su visión antropológica del espíritu, Bataille abrirá su estrecho círculo antropológico.
Digestibility Study and Nutrient Re-evaluation in Clarias gariepinus Fed Blood Meal-Rumen Digesta Blend Diet
Authors: LAWAL Bola M. , ADEWOLE Henry Adefisayo , OLALEYE Victor F.
Published: October 2017

The nutrient utilization and digestibility of blood meal-bovine rumen digesta blend diet (BMBRD) fed to Clarias gariepinus burchell (1822) was assessed using 60 C. gariepinus juveniles with a view to confirming the digestibility and suitability of the BMBRD blend inclusion level in the diet of C. gariepinus for sustainable clariid production. Two set of three iso-nitrogenous experimental diets containing 35% crude protein were formulated with 0%, 25% and 50% BMBRD inclusion level to substitute the fishmeal component which was the primary protein source. The first set of experimental diet was designed to monitor the growth performance and feed utilization was fed fortnightly in duplicate to C. gariepinus juveniles, stocked in glass aquaria (60 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm) at 4% of the body weight in two instalments daily for 10 weeks, while the second experimental diet with 0.5% chromic oxide (Cr2O3) inclusion (as a digestibility marker) was prepared and fed to the fish for 7 days to determine to digestibility of the different BMBRD included diets. The obtained results showed that the fish fed 25% BMBRD included diet had significantly higher (p < 0.05) growth performance and feed utilization indices than the other experimental diets. Similar to observation in the growth performance and feed utilization indices, the fish fed BMBRD included diets had significantly higher (p < 0.05) protein and energy digestibilities than the fish fed 0% BMBRD (control diet) and the study confirmed that fishmeal can be partially replaced up to 25% BMBRD blend in C. gariepinus diet for optimum growth performance and feed utilization.
Morphological, Anatomical and Cytological Studies of some Moss Species from Nigeria
Authors: BOLAJI Abolade Oluremi , FALUYI Julius Olaoye
Published: October 2017

Morphological, anatomical and chromosome studies of Hyophila crenulata C, Mull. Ex Dus, Thuidium gratum (P. Beauv) Jaeg., Barbula lambarenensis P. Vard.. Stereophyllum nitense Mitt. and Bryum coronatum Schwaegr from Nigeria, were carried out with a view to bridging some knowledge gaps that exist in their characterization and providing insightful information that could be useful in elucidating their taxonomic status. The morphological and anatomical studies revealed several gametophytic and sporophytic attributes which have not been previously reported and which were diagnostic for the moss species studied. The chromosome studies revealed the chromosome numbers to be Hyophila crenulata n = 4; Thuidium gratum n = 12 (10 + 2 m); Barbula lambarenensis n = 3; Stereophyllum nitense n = 9; and Bryum coronatum n = 10. The study concluded that the details of the morphological and anatomical descriptions as well as the chromosome numbers being reported for the first time in this study for the moss species studied could be very useful in their identification and taxonomic delimitation.
Veterinarians’ Perception, Knowledge and Practices of Antibiotic Stewardship in Enugu State Southeast, Nigeria
Authors: ANYANWU Madubuike Umunna , KOLADE Oluwatosin Ajoke
Published: October 2017

A cross-sectional survey utilizing structured questionnaires was used to study the veterinarians’ perception, knowledge and practices of antibiotic stewardship (ABS) in Enugu State, Southeastern Nigeria. Data obtained were analyzed using chi-square on SPSS (Version 15.0) at a significance level of P < 0.05 to determine possible associations between variables and perceptions/knowledge about ABS. Out of 280 respondents, 41 (17.1%) had heard about ABS. Minority of the respondents perceived/knew that using antibiotics only when necessary (6.4%, 18), administering antibiotics at the appropriate dose (6.4%, 18) and administering antibiotics for appropriate duration in every case (4.3%, 12) were among the principles of ABS. The study also showed that age, gender, qualification, years of practice and locations did not exert any influence (P > 0.05) on the awareness of respondents about ABS. More than one-third of the respondents wrongly perceived that increasing the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics (35.4%, 99) is one of the goals of ABS, whereas the minority of the respondents rightly perceived/knew that minimizing toxicity and other adverse effects (16.8%, 47) and reducing antibiotic resistance (ABR) (43.2%, 121) are also goals of ABS. Only 21.4% (60) had overall knowledge of ABS. Prescribing antibiotics without seeing/examining the patient, prescribing antibiotics for any case suspected to be infectious, prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics despite availability of narrow-spectrum antibiotics, prescribing different classes/types of antibiotics concurrently to ensure therapeutic efficacy, prescribing overdose of antibiotics to ensure efficacy and non-consultation of the  veterinary formulary/other resources when in doubt during prescription, are some of inappropriate/untoward ABS practices/behaviors/attitudes amongst the respondents. No significant association (P > 0.05) was found between practices of ABS and age, gender, qualification, years of practice and location. In conclusion, the veterinarians’ awareness/perception and practices of ABS is abysmally poor in the study area, thus education of Nigerian veterinarians about ABS and the teaching of the principles and practices of ABS during veterinary schools are recommended.
Physiological and Fluorescence Reaction of Four Rice Genotypes to Exogenous Application of IAA and Kinetin under Drought Stress
Authors: SALEHIFAR Mostafa , RABIEI Babak , AFSHAR MOHAMMADIAN Mansour , ASGHARI Jafar
Published: October 2017

To assess the effects of IAA and Kinetin plant growth regulators in order to improve the drought tolerance in rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.), a factorial experiment was carried out based on complete randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors included different rice genotypes [‘Gharib’, ‘Khazar’, ‘Sepidrood’ and ‘IR83750 -131-1’ (‘IR83750’ )], drought stress from 1 to 4 code of the Vergara coding system and control (normal irrigation) and growth regulators in three levels (IAA and Kinetin through foliar spraying and non-application as control). The results indicated, under normal irrigation condition together with IAA application, ‘IR83750’ rice had the highest number of tillers and leaf greenness, with mean of 18.27 and 49.46, respectively. The highest amount of leaf relative water content) 95.11 percent) was related to ‘Sepidrood’. Under drought stress condition, the highest electrolyte leakage (36.59 percent) was observed in ‘Gharib’. In drought condition, the highest leaf drying score was related to ‘Gharib’ in both years, but the highest score of leaf rolling index (9) was observed in ‘Gharib’ and ‘Khazar’. The present findings showed that drought stress had harmful effects in all examined genotypes and the impact in susceptible genotypes (‘Gharib’ and ‘Khazar’) was more than ‘IR83750’ and ‘Sepidrood’. Application of growth regulators (IAA and Kin) improved conditions for the growth of all genotypes. Therefore, using the tolerant genotypes along with growth regulators can improve the rice growth traits.
Effect of Whole Quail (Coturnix japonica) Egg Consumption on some Reproductive Parameters and Lipid Profile of Male Albino Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: OKOYE Chidozie N. , EKERE Samuel O. , AGINA Onyinyechukwu A. , UDEANI Ikechukwu J. , EZEASOR Chukwunonso K.
Published: October 2017

The present study evaluated the effect of whole egg consumption on the liver, testes, cauda epididymal sperm reserve and lipid profile of male rats. These evaluations were carried out on adult twenty (20) male albino rats, which were randomly selected into four groups of 5 rats each, designated groups A, B, C and D. Group A was the control group and received only equivalent volume of distilled water, while groups B, C and D received 0.25mg/kg, 0.5mg/kg; and 1.0mg/kg body weight of the quail egg respectively. Standard procedures were carried out in the tissue processing, cauda epididymal sperm reserve and in lipid profile determinations. On days 35 and 49, the mean serum total cholesterol value of group D was significantly lower than that of the control group. On day 35, the mean serum low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL cholesterol) values of all the treatment groups were significantly lower and higher than that of the control group, respectively. However, on days 49 and 63, the mean serum very low density lipoprotein (VLDL cholesterol) and triglyceride values of all the treatment groups were significantly higher than that of the control group. A significant increase in cadual epididymal sperm count (CESR) was recorded on day 63 at the mid and high doses. No obvious pathological lesions were observed in the histomorphology of the testes and liver when compared to the control. Therefore, whole quail egg consumption caused an increase in serum triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein concentration, and also improved fertility. In other words, prolonged consumption of quail egg should be done with caution as it may predispose one to cardiovascular disease.
Analysis of Leaf Yield Components in Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook F.) Grown in Derived Savannah Agro-ecology
Authors: CHUKWUDI Uchechukwu Paschal , AGBO Christian U. , ENE Chikezie O. , UBA Charles U. , ENYI Jacob I.
Published: October 2017

High yield has become one of the major objectives of breeders and growers over the recent decades. Eighteen accessions of Telfairia occidentalis were studied in a randomized complete block design experiment replicated three times to determine the relationship among selected traits and their contribution to leaf yield. The following yield traits were studied: length of the longest vine (LLV), number of leaves plant-1 (LP), number of leaves per 40 cm of vine length (LVL), number of vines (NOV), length of the central leaflet (LCL), width of the central leaflet (WCL), vine diameter (VD) and leaf yield by weight. The correlation coefficient was estimated and the values partitioned to show the direct and indirect effects to yield using path coefficient analysis. LP showed the highest positive and significant correlation (r=0.72**) with leaf yield. WCL and LP had the highest direct positive effects on leaf yield. The study revealed that increased number of wide leaves plant-1 with long and higher number of branches will increase the leaf yield of T. occidentalis.