bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE POLICY ON OUTPATIENT VISIT IN MALUKU AND PAPUA: LOGIT MODEL
Authors: Martaliza Rira Wahdani , Pujiyanto Pujiyanto
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe National Health Insurance (JKN) is one manifestation of the National Social Security System program which aims to provide benefits for health care and protection. This study uses secondary data from the 2017 National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) which aims to prove that JKN ownership has an influence on outpatient visits. The research respondents were all people who were registered as JKN participants in the Maluku and Papua Islands regions as many as 77.307 people. This study uses the econometric approach with the Logit regression model. The results showed that JKN was positively associated with outpatient visits, with coefficients of PBI (0,713) and Non PBI (0,807). The results also showed that age had a positive effect on outpatient visits with a coeficent value (0,406), gender had a positive effect on outpatient visits with a coefficient (0,146), employment status negatively affected outpatient visits with a coefficient value (-0,198) likewise the health status has a positive effect on outpatient visits with a coefficient (3,914). JKN ownership has an important role for the community in fulfilling the utilization of health facilities when suffering from health complaints, one of which is the use of outpatient visits.AbstrakJaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) merupakan salah satu wujud dari program Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional yang bertujuan untuk memberikan manfaat pemeliharaan dan perlindungan kesehatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) tahun 2017 yang bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa kepemilikan JKN memberikan pengaruh terhadap kunjungan rawat jalan. Responden penelitian adalah seluruh masyarakat yang berada di wilayah Kepulauan Maluku dan Papua yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 77.307 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan ekonometrika dengan model regresi Logit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa JKN berhubungan positif dengan kunjungan rawat jalan, dengan nilai koefisien PBI (0,713) dan Non PBI (0,807). Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa umur berpengaruh positif terhadap kunjungan rawat jalan dengan nilai koefisin (0,406), jenis kelamin berpengaruh positif terhadap kunjungan rawat jalan dengan nilai koefisien (0,146), status pekerjaan berpengaruh negatif terhadap kunjungan rawat jalan dengan nilai koefisien (-0,198), begitu juga dengan status kesehatan berpengaruh positif terhadap kunjungan rawat jalan dengan koefisien (3,914). Kepemilikan JKN memiliki peranan penting bagi masyarakat dalam memenuhi pemanfaatan fasilitas kesehatan ketika menderita keluhan kesehatan, salah satunya dengan pemanfaatan kunjungan rawat jalan.
The Poliarnaia Kochegarka Newspaper as a Source on the Soviet Mining on Spitsbergen in the 1930–1980s
Authors: Portsel Aleksandr
Published: February 2020

Copies of the Poliarnaia kochegarkanewspaper, published by the Russian/Soviet mining trust Arktikugol and stored in the State Archive of the Murmansk Region (GAMO), contain a wealth of material which emerged after a systematic coverage, for nearly half a century, of various aspects of the development of the Svalbard (Spitsbergen) archipelago, from Stalin’s times to the late Soviet period. In the newspaper, one can find a wide range of topics and genres, from the official publications both at the state and the local levels to sketches of polar dwellers’ everyday life. Poliarnaia kochegarka’s articles help readers to trace the development of Arktikugol’s capacities and the formation of normal living conditions in the Soviet Arctic settlements on the archipelago. Poliarnaia kochegarkaalso contains many observations on the Norwegian mines on Svalbard. Its particular interest, however, consists in various historical surveys and the information about the international contacts on the archipelago.
Svalbard on the (Post-)Soviet Screen
Authors: Rogatchevski Andrei
Published: February 2020

A selection of Soviet/Russian and Norwegian documentary and feature films about Svalbard is analysed to account for the recurrent issues raised in cinematic representations of the archipelago. Such issues primarily include Svalbard’s ownership and demilitarization, as well as the role that women – and Russia – play in the region. The subject of these representations’ verisimilitude is also discussed. The article concludes that both film groups show a mutually observed parallel reality.
Svalbard's Haunted Landscapes
Authors: Kinossian Nadir
Published: February 2020

Cultural landscapes represent social structures, interests, and values. At the same time, the observer can derive, interpret, reinterpret, and inscribe new meanings to the landscape. Landscapes that are saturated with ideologically charged symbols dictate to the viewer what can and cannot be seen and derived from them. On the other hand, landscapes that are abandoned, ruined, partly erased, and deprived of actors, activities, and political context present a different sort of setting. What can be derived from them? What or whom do they represent? Can the current conceptualisations help to capture their meanings? This paper attempts to expand the debate on cultural landscapes, by exploring the linkages to the concepts of haunting and ghosts. It uses the Russian settlements of Barentsburg, Pyramiden and Grumant, located in Svalbard (Norway), as an example. The paper argues that ruined and abandoned landscapes are ‘haunted’, and that the viewer can engage with a haunted landscape through interactions with ‘ghosts’ – fictitious agents that fulfil two roles: i) allowing the viewer to associate with the ghost, and ii) reminding the viewer of the bygone actors, forces, and contexts that shaped the landscape.
Svalbard as a Motif and a Place of Artistic Exploration
Authors: Berg Jan Martin
Published: February 2020

The article outlines the history of artists’ exploration of Svalbard as a motif, and then proceeds to describe a number of more recent art practices by the artists relating to Svalbard in the new millennium. The article traces the artists’ development from being supporters of research by providing visual material, to becoming researchers in their own right.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the protein degradation system in ophthalmic diseases
Authors: Song Jing-Yao , Wang Xue-Guang , Zhang Zi-Yuan , Che Lin , Fan Bin , Li Guang-Yu
Published: February 2020

Objective

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in the pathogenesis of various ophthalmic diseases, and ER stress-mediated degradation systems play an important role in maintaining ER homeostasis during ER stress. The purpose of this review is to explore the potential relationship between them and to find their equilibrium sites.

Design

This review illustrates the important role of reasonable regulation of the protein degradation system in ER stress-mediated ophthalmic diseases. There were 128 articles chosen for review in this study, and the keywords used for article research are ER stress, autophagy, UPS, ophthalmic disease, and ocular.

Data sources

The data are from Web of Science, PubMed, with no language restrictions from inception until 2019 Jul.

Results

The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are important degradation systems in ER stress. They can restore ER homeostasis, but if ER stress cannot be relieved in time, cell death may occur. However, they are not independent of each other, and the relationship between them is complementary. Therefore, we propose that ER stability can be achieved by adjusting the balance between them.

Conclusion

The degradation system of ER stress, UPS and autophagy are interrelated. Because an imbalance between the UPS and autophagy can cause cell death, regulating that balance may suppress ER stress and protect cells against pathological stress damage.
Determination of the Effects of Eruca sativa Oil, Sodium Carbonate, Lavender Oil and Aloe vera Oil on Lipid Profile and Breast Tumour Markers in Breast Cancer-induced Doxorubicin Treated Female Albino Rats
Authors: Ahmed Diaa Farrag Ibrahim
Published: February 2020

Background: Lavender oil, Eruca sativa oil and Aloe vera oil contain different types of fatty acids in addition to minerals, vitamins and other compounds which have anti-tumour action and antioxidant properties also it has cure properties against many other diseases. Sodium carbonate is alkaline material that affecting tissue PH and somewhat affecting on breast cancer through changing PH of the tissue making the medium not appropriate for breast cancer induction.

Aim: Is studying the effect of Eruca sativa oil, Sodium carbonate, Lavender oil and Aloe vera oil on lipid profile, Tumor markers of breast cancer and thyroid hormones.

Materials and Methods: Six groups of animals, five rats in each were used for this experiment and divided into negative control, positive control, sodium carbonate group, Eruca sativa oil group, lavender oil group and Aloe vera oil group. We induced cancer in all rats by MCF7 breast cancer cell line except negative control. Then all groups (Except positive and negative controls) were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with 2 mg /rat of adryadox (adryamycin chemotherapy), the remaining three groups except sodium carbonate group are supplemented with 1 ml. of the oil.  Then rats are sacrificed and blood is centrifuged to obtain serum and analysis of lipid profile and breast cancer tumour markers.

Results: Eruca sativa oil and Aloe vera decrease cholesterol and triglycerides, where Eruca s. oil, Lavender oil and Aloe vera oil increase HDL more than sodium carbonate, Erucas. oil, Lavender oil and Aloe vera oil decrease LDL. Eruca s. oil decrease VLDL, sodium carbonate decreases alpha-fetoprotein and Ca15-3. 

Conclusion and Recommendation: Based on the findings of this study, we recommend the use of lavender oil, Eruca sativa oil, Aloe vera oil and sodium carbonate administered at low doses as a helper in cure chemotherapy in treatment of breast cancer because it has useful effect in decreasing tumor markers and lipids and improve heart properties.
Constraints Perceived by Employed Women of Government Sectors in Their Empowerment
Authors: . Priyanka , Tigga A. S. , Patil Shridhar , Kumar Dhananjay
Published: February 2020

The main objective of this study is to trace out the constraints perceived by married women employed in government sector. The employed women face various challenges at workplace and at home as well. They deal with home and family issues as well as job stress daily. In this study, a sample of 100 employed married women was selected randomly from Sabour block of Bhagalpur district in Bihar – India, and data were collected using face to face interview.

It was found that major constraints perceived by employed women lack the facility of playschool/crèche, frequent job transfers, inability to pay attention to health and spend time on fitness, non-availability of conveyance in case of any emergency, role conflict and inability to give time for household activities, inability to spend time with family members, feeling of gender bias and under-utilization as compare to their male counterparts at workplace. Finding shows that being employed, women still face problems. For curbing their problems attitudes of the employers, policy makers, family members and relatives and the public at large needs to be changed. The study also suggests policy makers to implement the policy of reducing working hours for the employed women, providing day care/crèche facilities for employed mothers so that they can spend time with their children, elders and take care of their health.
Evaluation and Modeling of Corrosion Rate of Selected Roofing Sheets Using Tetraoxosulphate (vi) Acid and Trioxonitrate (v) Acid as Simulated Acid Rain
Authors: Oji Akuma , Okon Akpan, Ifreke
Published: February 2020

The study focuses on the evaluation of the impact of acid rain on some common roofing sheets, including; Stone Coated, Galvanized, 0.55 m and 0.45 mm Long Span , Aluminum/Zinc sheet  using simulated acid rain. The simulated acid rain was from four different molar concentrated H2SO4 and HNO3. The parameter used for the evaluation was a weight loss of the roofing sheet over the study period. Gravimetric analysis technique was adopted for the study. At the end of the study, the result obtained showed that for 1 mole solution H2SO4, 0.45 mm long Span recorded the lowest weight loss of 0.43 g, followed by Cameroon zinc with loss of 0.46 g while 0.55 mm long Span recorded 0.63 g. Stone-coated and galvanized sheet melted up before the end of the experiment. 1 mole solution of HNO3 recorded a similar trend with 0.46 g, 0.36 g, 0.47 g and 3.95 g weight loss for 0.55 mm long Span, Cameroon Zinc, 0.45 mm Long Span and stone Coated sheet respectively while Galvanized sheet melted up before the experiment ends. Stone Coated and Galvanized sheet melted up before the end of the experiment in 0.5 mole H2SO4 while 0.45 mm Long Span, 0.55 mm long span and Cameroon Zinc recorded 0.47 g, 0.5 g and 0.35 g weight loss respectively. Only Galvanized sheet melted up in 0.5 mole of HNO3, 3.5 g, 0.28 g, 0.38 g and 0.3 g weight loss was recorded for stone coated sheet, 0.45 mm long Span, 0.55 mm long Span and Cameroon Zinc respectively. Polynomial model of the fourth order show the best fit for the data. The models obtained for the weight loss and rate of corrosion showed a good fit with R2's ranging from 0.9 and above except for stone coated and galvanized sheets in 1 mole solution of H2SO4 with R2 of 0.782 and 0.8142. It is worthy to note from all the results obtained from the research that high percentage Aluminum base roofing sheet is the best for H2SO4 and HNO3 polluted environment.
Standardization and Stabilization of Millet Milk by Enzyme and Its Physicochemical Evaluation
Authors: Shunmugapriya K. , Kanchana S. , Maheswari T. Uma , Kumar R. Saravana , Vanniarajan C.
Published: February 2020

Millets are nutritionally rich and occupy an important place in the diet of people in many regions of the world.  Although millets are nutritionally  superior  to  cereals, their  utilization  as  a  food  is   mostly confined  to  the traditional consumers. So, the present study was undertaken to standardize millet milk from barnyard millet, little millet, kodo millet and finger millet by enzymatic extraction method. Aqueous extract of millet milk was treated with α amylase and pasteurized at 75ºC for 15 minutes. The pasteurized millet milk was evaluated for physical and nutritional parameters. Results showed that the physical properties of developed millet milk have met the requirement of plant-based milk in terms of viscosity (2.32±0.02 to 2.82±0.03). Protein content of millet milk varied from 1.38±.0.03 to 1.12±.0.02 g. Total polyphenols (205.72±0.13 mg/100 ml) and total antioxidant activity (81.64±1.77%) were high for finger millet milk and total flavonoid content was high for barnyard millet milk (96.25±1.88 mg/100 ml). Enzymatic treatment significantly reduced the anti-nutritional factor (phytic acid, tannin and trypsin inhibitor activity) content in millet milk. The enzymatically developed product had high In vitro protein (69.28±0.28 to 85.57±1.39%) and starch digestibility (69.75±0.56 to 63.36±0.12 mg maltose/g). From the results, it was concluded that the current approach provides a convenient way for the production of nutritionally sound millet milk at the household and industrial level.
Effectiveness of Azospirillum brasilense Inoculants to Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Micro-region of Curitibanos (SC)
Authors: Balbinot William Gilberto , Gordechuk André Luis , Eutrópio Géssica Rogaleski , Medeiros Cibele , Botelho Glória Regina
Published: February 2020

Aims: This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of A. brasilense inoculants to the development of wheat at the southern part of Brazil.

Study Design: The experimental design was randomized block with twelve treatments, containing two liquid inoculants with the A. brasilense strains Ab-V5 and Ab-V6, with or without nitrogen fertilization and five replicates. The plot area was 4m per 6m and thirty-two rows. The seeds inoculation was performed according to the manufacturer's recommendation, and manual sowing. The top-dressing N fertilization was Urea (Super N- 45%N) at 20 days after emergence (DAE), at 120 kg ha-1 (full dosage) or 60 kg ha-1 (half dosage).

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was performed in a farm in Curitibanos county in Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The experiment was carried out on July to November 2016.

Methodology: At 45 DAE, it was performed flag leaves N content Tedesco, et al. [1]. At 115 DAE, it was performed dry shoot weight, plant height, ear sizes, grain N contents and grain yield. The results were submitted to variance analysis (ANOVA) and media compared by Scott-Knot's test at 5% of significance.

Results: There was no statistical difference for shoot dry weight, plant height, ear size and yield. The N leaf content was greater with Ab-V5 inoculation and half N dosage (HC5 - 109% higher than the control). The N grain content was greater with the two strains (inoculant B) without, half and full N dosage (WC56 - 51%, HCB56 - 76% and CB56 - 65%, respectively).

Conclusion: A. brasilense strains had the ability to increase wheat N accumulation with lower N fertilizing, suggesting their potential as growth inducers, emphasizing the importance of further studies to confirm and understand the mechanisms involved.
Study on Rice Residue Management Options on Growth Parameters and Growth Indices of Rice Crop
Authors: Vijayaprabhakar A. , Durairaj S. Nalliah , Hemalatha M. , Joseph M.
Published: February 2020

The research was conducted to study the effect of management options for combine harvested rice residue and its effect on succeeding rice crop growth responses. The experiment was laid out in field using a randomized block design with nine treatments and replicated three times. The computed biometric data were subjected to statistical scrutiny.  Incorporation of combine harvested rice residue with 25 kg additional N ha-1 as basal + bio-mineralizer (2 kg t-1 of rice residue) and cow dung slurry (5%) recorded higher plant height, number of tillers, dry matter production (DMP), leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and relative growth rate (RGR) of the succeeding rice irrespective of the growth stages. It was closely followed by straw incorporation with 25 kg additional N ha-1 as basal + cow dung slurry (5%). Incorporation of straw alone and removal of straw negatively influenced the rice growth and growth indices. Hence, it is advisable to incorporation of rice residue with additives for better growth and growth indices of rice crop.
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Yield and Yield Components in Late Maturing Pro-vitamin A Synthetic Maize (Zea mays L.) Breeding Lines
Authors: Olawamide David Oluwagbenga , Fayeun Lawrence Stephen
Published: February 2020

This study was conducted in a rainforest ecology of Southwestern Nigeria during 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons under rainfed conditions to estimate character association and path coefficient of grain yield (t ha-1) and its component characters, to identify characters whose selection could be used in improving maize grain yield (t ha-1). Fourteen late-maturing pro-vitamin A maize (PVAM) synthetics were conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The following agronomic characters were recorded: plant stands per plot, days to 50% tasselling, days to 50% silking, anthesis-silking interval, plant height (cm), ear height (cm), number of ears harvested, field weight (kg), and grain yield (t ha-1). In both 2016 and 2017, plant stands per plot, the number of ears harvested and field weight (kg) correlated positively and significantly with grain yield (t ha-1) at the phenotypic and genotypic levels. Also, in both years, positive and significant phenotypic and genotypic correlations were found for plant stands per plot with number of ears harvested and field weight (kg), days to 50% tasselling with days to 50% silking, plant height (cm) with ear height (cm) and number of ears harvested with field weight (kg). Path analysis for both years at the phenotypic and genotypic levels identified field weight (kg) and the number of ears harvested to have a positive direct effect on grain yield (t ha-1), an indication that optimum plant population per plot is paramount to increasing grain yield (t ha-1). Hence, the number of ears harvested and field weight (kg) are characters that could be considered in the improvement of maize grain yield (t ha-1).
Exploring E-leadership Behaviour of Sri Lankan Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Sumanasiri E. A. G.
Published: February 2020

This paper explores the e-leadership behaviours of Sri Lankan Small and Medium Entreprises and the barriers to e-leadership in SME sector. To explore these research objectives a qualitative method was used with 23 semi-structured face-to-face interviews with owners of fast-growing SMEs in Sri Lanka. To understand the effective e-leadership behaviours the study used Gary Yukl’s Hierarchical Taxonomy of Leadership Behaviours model. Findings confirmed that most SME leaders use ‘Internet of things’ in performing their leadership roles. Among the four effective e-leadership behaviours described by Gary Yukl, most SME leaders use e-leadership for change-oriented decision making while relationship-oriented leadership behaviours became the least important. Theoretical contributions, limitations and future research directions are discussed in the concluding section of the paper.
Nonswelling, Ultralow Content Inverse Electron‐Demand Diels–Alder Hyaluronan Hydrogels with Tunable Gelation Time: Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Delplace Vianney , Nickerson Philip E. B. , Ortin‐Martinez Arturo , Baker Alexander E. G. , Wallace Valerie A. , Shoichet Molly S.
Published: February 2020

Hyaluronan (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix and is particularly attractive for cell‐based assays; yet, common crosslinking strategies of HA hydrogels are not fully tunable and bioorthogonal, and result in gels subject to swelling, which affects their physicochemical properties. To overcome these limitations, HA hydrogels based on the inverse electron‐demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) “click” reaction are designed. By crosslinking two modified HA components together, as opposed to using telechelic components, tunable gelation times as fast as 4.4 ± 0.4 min and as slow as 46.2 ± 1.8 min are achieved for facile use. By optimizing HA molar mass, ultralow polymer content hydrogels of 0.5% (w/v), resulting in minimal (<3–5% mass variation) to nonswelling (<1%), transparent and biodegradable hydrogels are synthesized. To demonstrate their versatility, the newly designed hydrogels are tested as matrices for 3D cell culture and retinal explant imaging where transparency is important. IEDDA hydrogels are cytocompatible with primary photoreceptors and enable multiphoton imaging of embedded retinal explants for double the time (>38 h) than agarose thermogels (<20 h). IEDDA HA hydrogels constitute a new hydrogel platform. They have low polymer content, tunable gelation time, and are stable, thereby making them suitable for a diversity of applications.
Cell‐Derived Extracellular Matrix‐Rich Biomimetic Substrate Supports Podocyte Proliferation, Differentiation, and Maintenance of Native Phenotype
Authors: Satyam Abhigyan , Tsokos Maria G. , Tresback Jason S. , Zeugolis Dimitrios I. , Tsokos George C.
Published: February 2020

Current technologies and available scaffold materials do not support long‐term cell viability, differentiation, and maintenance of podocytes, the ultra‐specialized kidney resident cells that are responsible for the filtration of the blood. A new platform which imitates the native kidney microenvironment by decellularizing fibroblasts grown on surfaces with macromolecular crowding is developed. Human immortalized podocytes cultured on this platform display superior viability and metabolic activity up to 28 days compared to podocytes cultured on tissue culture plastic surfaces. The new platform displays a softer surface and an abundance of growth factors and associated molecules. More importantly, it enables podocytes to display molecules responsible for their structure and function and a superior development of intercellular connections/interdigitations, consistent with maturation. The new platform can be used to study podocyte biology, test drug toxicity, and determine whether sera from patients with podocytopathies are involved in the expression of glomerular pathology.
Electronic Redistribution: Construction and Modulation of Interface Engineering on CoP for Enhancing Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Yang Lei , Liu Ruiming , Jiao Lifang
Published: February 2020

Modulating and constructing interface engineering is an efficient strategy to enhance catalytic activity for water splitting. Herein, a hybrid nanoarray structure of V‐CoP@a‐CeO2, where “a” represents amorphous, integrated into carbon cloth is fabricated for water splitting. The synergy effect between V and CeO2 can increase the electron density of Co atoms at active sites, further optimizing the Gibbs free energy of H* adsorption energy (ΔGH*). Besides, V‐CoP@a‐CeO2 possesses lower water adsorption/dissociation energies, enabling accelerated reaction kinetics in alkaline media. As expected, the V‐CoP@a‐CeO2 exhibits superior performance toward the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction. More importantly, a two‐electrode electrolyzer combined with an electrocatalyst of V‐CoP@ a‐CeO2 only demands that voltages of electrolytic cell are 1.56 and 1.71 V to achieve the current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. This work provides guidance for the design or optimization of materials for water electrolysis and beyond.
Boosting Performance of Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells by 2D g‐C3N4 Doped PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Yang Qing , Yu Shuwen , Fu Ping , Yu Wei , Liu Yong , Liu Xuan , Feng Zhaochi , Guo Xin , Li Can
Published: February 2020

The power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of single‐junction organic solar cells (OSCs) has exceeded 16% thanks to the development of non‐fullerene acceptor materials and morphological optimization of active layer. In addition, interfacial engineering always plays a crucial role in further improving the performance of OSCs based on a well‐established active‐layer system. Doping of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) into poly(3,4‐ethylene‐dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as a hole transport layer (HTL) for PM6:Y6‐based OSCs is reported, boosting the PCE to almost 16.4%. After being added into the PEDOT:PSS, the g‐C3N4 as a Bronsted base can be protonated, weakening the shield effect of insulating PSS on conductive PEDOT, which enables exposures of more PEDOT chains on the surface of PEDOT:PSS core‐shell structure, and thus increasing the conductivity. Therefore, at the interface between g‐C3N4 doped HTL and PM6:Y6 layer, the charge transport is improved and the charge recombination is suppressed, leading to the increases of fill factor and short‐circuit current density of devices. This work demonstrates that doping g‐C3N4 into PEDOT:PSS is an efficient strategy to increase the conductivity of HTL, resulting in higher OSC performance.
Accommodation of Silicon in an Interconnected Copper Network for Robust Li‐Ion Storage
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Sun Minghao , Yuan Yifei , Wu Qiang , Wang Hongxun , He Yi , Lin Zhan , Zhou Fengli , Ling Min , Qian Chao , Liang Chengdu , Lu Jun
Published: February 2020

Silicon (Si)‐based materials are one of the most promising anodes to be applied in rechargeable lithium ion batteries. However, the active Si/electrolyte interface causes continuous side reactions and poor conductivity, which significantly decreases the cycling stability. Cu is the only metallic current collector that has been known to promote electron conduction and lithium‐ion transfer without alloying reaction occurrence. However, to the best current knowledge, scalable interface engineering incorporating Cu has not been reported. Herein, this conductive Cu interface (CCI) is constructed through a self‐assembly carbothermic reduction method to achieve efficient protection of Si/electrolyte interfaces while allowing for fast Li+ diffusion. The energy barrier of lithium‐ion diffusion through Cu is calculated to be 0.1965 eV, which is much lower than that through Au, Fe, and Ni films. Benefiting from the enhanced interfacial protection and kinetics of Si with CCI, a fading rate of only 0.068% is maintained for 1000 cycles and an aerial capacity of 4.78 mAh cm−2 is achieved after 280 cycles, which is comparable to the industry standards required for practical application.
An Asymmetric Iron‐Based Redox‐Active System for Electrochemical Separation of Ions in Aqueous Media
Authors: Tan Kai‐Jher , Su Xiao , Hatton T. Alan
Published: February 2020

Electrochemically mediated redox‐active processes are gaining momentum as a promising liquid‐phase separation technology. Compared to conventional systems, they offer potential benefits, such as smaller energy footprints, nondestructive operation, reversibility, and tunability for specific analyte removal, with clear applications to societal and industrial challenges like water treatment and chemical synthesis. An asymmetric Faradaic cell heterogeneously functionalized with a metallopolymer at the anode and a hexacyanoferrate material at the cathode is presented for the first time. The redox‐active species' iron centers enhance the electrosorption of heavy metal oxyanions with up to 98% removal in the ppb range, and offer tunable operating windows as low as ≈0.1 V at ≈1 A m−2. By avoiding water splitting, the hexacyanoferrate cathode imparts additional advantages, namely a four‐fold reduction in adsorption energy requirements, full suppression of solution pH increase, and the ability to capture redox‐active catalytic anions such as polyoxometalates without altering their bulk oxidation state. This hybrid framework of a polymeric ferrocene anode and crystalline hexacyanoferrate cathode allows for simultaneous and synergistic uptake of anions and cations, respectively, creating a new asymmetric scheme for water‐based separations, with foreseeable future extension to fields such as ion‐sensing, energy storage, and electrocatalysis.
Simultaneously Realizing Rapid Electron Transfer and Mass Transport in Jellyfish‐Like Mott–Schottky Nanoreactors for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Sun Zehui , Wang Yuankun , Zhang Libo , Wu Hu , Jin Yachao , Li Yuhan , Shi Yuchuan , Zhu Tianxiang , Mao Heng , Liu Jiamei , Xiao Chunhui , Ding Shujiang
Published: February 2020

Fundamental understanding of constructing elevated catalysts to realize fast electron transfer and rapid mass transport in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) chemistry by interface regulation and structure design is important but still ambiguous. Herein, a novel jellyfish‐like Mott–Schottky‐type electrocatalyst is developed to realize fast electron transfer and decipher the structure–mass transport connection during ORR process. Both spectroscopy techniques and density functional theory calculation demonstrate electrons spontaneously transfer from Fe to N‐doped graphited carbon at the heterojunction interface, thus accelerating electron transfer from electrode to reactant. Dynamic analysis indicates unique structure can significantly improve mass transport of oxygen‐species due to two factors: one is electrolyte streaming effect caused by tentacle‐like carbon nanotubes; the other is effective collision probability in the semi‐closed cavity. Therefore, this Mott–Schottky‐type catalyst delievers superior ORR performance with high onset potential, positive half wave potential, and large current density. It also exhibits low overpotential when serving as an air cathode in Zn–air batteries. This work deepens understanding of the two key factors—electron transfer and mass transport—on determining the kinetic reaction of ORR process and offers a new avenue in constructing efficient Mott–Schottky electrocatalysts.
Autocatalytic Delivery of Brain Tumor–Targeting, Size‐Shrinkable Nanoparticles for Treatment of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases
Authors: Zhang Shenqi , Deng Gang , Liu Fuyao , Peng Bin , Bao Youmei , Du Fengyi , Chen Ann T. , Liu Jun , Chen Zeming , Ma Junning , Tang Xiangjun , Chen Qianxue , Zhou Jiangbing
Published: February 2020

Breast cancer brain metastases (BCBMs) represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with breast cancer. Chemotherapy, which is widely used to treat tumors outside of the brain, is often ineffective on BCBMs due to its inability to efficiently cross the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). Although the BBB is partially disrupted in tumor lesions, it remains intact enough to prevent most therapeutics from entering the brain. Here, a nanotechnology approach is reported that can overcome the BBB through synthesis of lexiscan‐loaded, AMD3100‐conjugated, shrinkable nanoparticles (NPs), or LANPs. LANPs respond to neutrophil elastase–enriched tumor microenvironment by shrinking in size and disrupt the BBB in tumors through lexiscan‐mediated modulation. LANPs recognize tumor cells through the interaction between AMD3100 and CXCR4, which are expressed in metastatic tumor cells. The integration of tumor responsiveness, tumor targeting, and BBB penetration that enables LANPs to penetrate metastatic lesions in the brain with high efficiency is demonstrated and, when doxorubicin is encapsulated, LANPs effectively inhibit tumor growth and prolong the survival of tumor‐bearing mice. Due to their high efficiency in penetrating the BBB for BCBMs treatment, LANPs have the potential to be translated into clinical applications for improved treatment of patients with BCBMs.
Droplet‐Based Self‐Propelled Miniboat
Authors: Song Jinlong , Guan Fusheng , Pan Weihao , Liu Ziai , Sun Jing , Ling Siying , Deng Xu , Sun Yuwen
Published: February 2020

Self‐propelled autonomous devices have huge application prospects in the field of environmental protection and energy. Nonetheless, the requirement of special chemicals or external electric and thermal energy limits their practical application. Here, a green self‐propelling method based on Laplace pressure originated from water droplets is reported. First, a triangle‐shaped miniboat composed of a superhydrophobic plate with an inclined superhydrophilic pore is fabricated. Water droplets put on superhydrophilic pore pass through the pore and form a jellyfish‐like jet, which further propels the miniboat to move spontaneously and directionally. The propelling distance, propelling time, and instantaneous propelling velocity of the miniboat is greatly affected by the pore size and the initial water droplet volume. Then, two types of devices are designed and installed on the miniboat to successively provide small water droplets from the reservoir or rain to realize the continuous and long‐distance self‐propelled motion. Moreover, a spindle‐shaped miniboat with two or four symmetrical and inclined pores is designed. Under propelling by the torque, the spontaneous and continuous rotation motion is also achieved. This finding will open a new avenue for a wide range of applications ranging from a detecting minirobot on the water surface to a power generation device from rain.
Amine‐Functionalized Boron Nitride Nanosheets: A New Functional Additive for Robust, Flexible Ion Gel Electrolyte with High Lithium‐Ion Transference Number
Authors: Kim Donggun , Liu Xin , Yu Baozhi , Mateti Srikanth , O'Dell Luke A. , Rong Qiangzhou , Chen Ying (Ian)
Published: February 2020

Ion gel electrolytes show great potential in solid‐state batteries attributed to their outstanding characteristics. However, because of the strong ionic nature of ionic liquids, ion gel electrolytes generally exhibit low lithium‐ion transference number, limiting its practical application. Amine‐functionalized boron nitride (BN) nanosheets (AFBNNSs) are used as an additive into ion gel electrolytes for improving their ion transport properties. The AFBNNSs‐ion gel shows much improved mechanical strength and thermal stability. The lithium‐ion transference number is increased from 0.12 to 0.23 due to AFBNNS addition. More importantly, for the first time, nuclear magnetic resonance analysis reveals that the amine groups on the BN nanosheets have strong interaction with the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anions, which significantly reduces the anion mobility and consequently increases lithium‐ion mobility. Battery cells using the optimized AFBNNSs‐ion gel electrolyte exhibit stable lithium deposition and excellent electrochemical performance. A LiFePO4|Li cell retains 92.2% of its initial specific capacity after the 60th cycle while the cell without AFBNNSs‐gel electrolyte only retains 53.5%. The results not only demonstrate a new strategy to improve lithium‐ion transference number in ionic liquid electrolytes, but also open up a potential avenue to achieve solid‐state lithium metal batteries with improved performance.
Universal Surfactant‐Free Strategy for Self‐Standing 3D Tremella‐Like Pd–M (M = Ag, Pb, and Au) Nanosheets for Superior Alcohols Electrocatalysis
Authors: Gao Fei , Zhang Yangping , Ren Fangfang , Shiraishi Yukihide , Du Yukou
Published: February 2020

Pd‐based nanosheet materials have emerged as efficient catalysts for monobasic and polyhydric alcohol oxidation reactions. However, most reported synthetic methods of Pd‐based nanosheets (NSs) are nonuniversal and surfactant‐involved, leading to residue‐covered surfaces with drastically damaged electrocatalytic properties. Herein, a universal, surfactant‐free, simple one‐pot route is developed for the precise synthesis of a kind of novel self‐standing Pd–M (M = Ag, Pb, Au, Ga, Cu, Pt, etc.) NSs with tremella‐like superstructures are assembled using ultrathin two‐dimensional (2D) NSs. Benefiting from the universal surfactant‐free methods, the obtained Pd–M NSs exhibit clean surfaces and stable three‐dimensional (3D) self‐standing structures that overcome the difficulty of normal close packing and overlapping 2D NSs. The Pd–M (M = Ag, Pb, and Au) NSs with tremella‐like structures all show excellent ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) and ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR) properties. In particular, with the optimal superstructure, better electronic effect, and promoted toxicity tolerance, the EOR/EGOR mass activities of Pd7Ag NSs, Pd7Pb NSs, and Pd7Au NSs are 8.2/7.3, 7.2/5.7, and 5.3/4.4 times higher than that of commercial Pd/C catalysts. This advanced 3D construction also endows Pd–M NSs with more favorable stability than Pd/C. This study may be extended to Pd–M (M = other metals) NSs and open up more opportunities for broad catalytic applications.
Achieving Ultrahigh‐Rate and High‐Safety Li+ Storage Based on Interconnected Tunnel Structure in Micro‐Size Niobium Tungsten Oxides
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhu He , Xiao Jinfei , Geng Hongbo , Zhang Yufei , Zhao Jinbao , Li Gen , Wang Xun‐Li , Li Cheng Chao , Liu Qi
Published: February 2020

Developing advanced high‐rate electrode materials has been a crucial aspect for next‐generation lithium ion batteries (LIBs). A conventional nanoarchitecturing strategy is suggested to improve the rate performance of materials but inevitably brings about compromise in volumetric energy density, cost, safety, and so on. Here, micro‐size Nb14W3O44 is synthesized as a durable high‐rate anode material based on a facile and scalable solution combustion method. Aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals the existence of open and interconnected tunnels in the highly crystalline Nb14W3O44, which ensures facile Li+ diffusion even within micro‐size particles. In situ high‐energy synchrotron XRD and XANES combined with Raman spectroscopy and computational simulations clearly reveal a single‐phase solid‐solution reaction with reversible cationic redox process occurring in the NWO framework due to the low‐barrier Li+ intercalation. Therefore, the micro‐size Nb14W3O44 exhibits durable and ultrahigh rate capability, i.e., ≈130 mAh g−1 at 10 C, after 4000 cycles. Most importantly, the micro‐size Nb14W3O44 anode proves its highest practical applicability by the fabrication of a full cell incorporating with a high‐safety LiFePO4 cathode. Such a battery shows a long calendar life of over 1000 cycles and an enhanced thermal stability, which is superior than the current commercial anodes such as Li4Ti5O12.
Reconfigurable Plasmonic Chirality: Fundamentals and Applications
Authors: Neubrech Frank , Hentschel Mario , Liu Na
Published: February 2020

Molecular chirality is a geometric property that is of great importance in chemistry, biology, and medicine. Recently, plasmonic nanostructures that exhibit distinct chiroptical responses have attracted tremendous interest, given their ability to emulate the properties of chiral molecules with tailored and pronounced optical characteristics. However, the optical chirality of such human‐made structures is in general static and cannot be manipulated postfabrication. Herein, different concepts to reconfigure the chiroptical responses of plasmonic nano‐ and micro‐objects are outlined. Depending on the utilized strategies and stimuli, the chiroptical signature, the 3D structural conformation, or both can be reconfigured. Optical devices based on plasmonic nanostructures with reconfigurable chirality possess great potential in practical applications, ranging from polarization conversion elements to enantioselective analysis, chiral sensing, and catalysis.
High‐Resolution Crystal Truncation Rod Scattering: Application to Ultrathin Layers and Buried Interfaces
Authors: Disa Ankit S. , Walker Frederick J. , Ahn Charles H.
Published: February 2020

In crystalline materials, the presence of surfaces or interfaces gives rise to crystal truncation rods (CTRs) in their X‐ray diffraction patterns. While structural properties related to the bulk of a crystal are contained in the intensity and position of Bragg peaks in X‐ray diffraction, CTRs carry detailed information about the atomic structure at the interface. Developments in synchrotron X‐ray sources, instrumentation, and analysis procedures have made CTR measurements into extremely powerful tools to study atomic reconstructions and relaxations occurring in a wide variety of interfacial systems, with relevance to chemical and electronic functionalities. In this review, an overview of the use of CTRs in the study of atomic structure at interfaces is provided. The basic theory, measurement, and analysis of CTRs are covered and applications from the literature are highlighted. Illustrative examples include studies of complex oxide thin films and multilayers.
Selective Formation of 2‐(2‐Aminophenyl)benzothiazoles via Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic C−C Bond Cleavage of Isatins
Authors: Wang Hongfen , Xu Zhenhua , Deng Guo‐Jun , Huang Huawen
Published: February 2020

Herein, two kinds of structurally significant 2‐(2‐aminophenyl)benzothiazoles were selectively generated by the copper‐catalyzed aerobic C−C bond cleavage of isatins. Morpholine served not only as a reactant but a promoter in the three‐component assembly of 2‐(2‐aminophenyl)benzothiazoles. Also it proved to be an efficient additive for the formation of free amino 2‐(2‐aminophenyl)benzothiazoles. This protocol represents a step‐economic entry to the title compounds with a range of compatible functionalities.

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Enantioselective One‐pot Synthesis of 3‐Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes via Allylic Substitution and Oxidative Cyclization
Authors: Chaki Bijan Mohon , Takenaka Kazuhiro , Zhu Linpeng , Tsujihara Tetsuya , Takizawa Shinobu , Sasai Hiroaki
Published: February 2020

An enantioselective one‐pot synthesis of 3‐azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes from allyl carbonates and propargyl amines is reported. An amine catalyst promoted the allylic substitution to form intermediary N‐allyl propargylamines, which underwent enantioselective Pd(II)/Pd(IV)‐mediated oxidative cyclization in situ. The chiral ligand (P,R,R)‐i‐Pr‐SPRIX is crucial to the cyclization, producing the desired bicyclic compounds in up to 92% yield and 90% ee.

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Dissolvable Polyacrylamide Beads for High‐Throughput Droplet DNA Barcoding
Authors: Wang Yongcheng , Cao Ting , Ko Jina , Shen Yinan , Zong Will , Sheng Kuanwei , Cao Wenjian , Sun Sijie , Cai Liheng , Zhou Ying‐Lin , Zhang Xin‐Xiang , Zong Chenghang , Weissleder Ralph , Weitz David
Published: February 2020

Droplet‐based single cell sequencing technologies, such as inDrop, Drop‐seq, and 10X Genomics, are catalyzing a revolution in the understanding of biology. Barcoding beads are key components for these technologies. What is limiting today are barcoding beads that are easy to fabricate, can efficiently deliver primers into drops, and thus achieve high detection efficiency. Here, this work reports an approach to fabricate dissolvable polyacrylamide beads, by crosslinking acrylamide with disulfide bridges that can be cleaved with dithiothreitol. The beads can be rapidly dissolved in drops and release DNA barcode primers. The dissolvable beads are easy to synthesize, and the primer cost for the beads is significantly lower than that for the previous barcoding beads. Furthermore, the dissolvable beads can be loaded into drops with >95% loading efficiency of a single bead per drop and the dissolution of beads does not influence reverse transcription or the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in drops. Based on this approach, the dissolvable beads are used for single cell RNA and protein analysis.
Flexible Lead‐Free Perovskite Oxide Multilayer Film Capacitor Based on (Na0.8K0.2)0.5Bi0.5TiO3/Ba0.5Sr0.5(Ti0.97Mn0.03)O3for High‐Performance Dielectric Energy Storage
Authors: Lv Panpan , Yang Changhong , Qian Jin , Wu Haitao , Huang Shifeng , Cheng Xin , Cheng Zhenxiang
Published: February 2020

Flexible thin film dielectric capacitors with high energy storage density and a fast charging–discharging rate have attracted increasing attention as the development of microelectronics progresses toward flexibility and miniaturization. In this work, an all‐inorganic thin film dielectric capacitor with a multilayer structure based on (Na0.8K0.2)0.5Bi0.5TiO3and Ba0.5Sr0.5(Ti0.97Mn0.03)O3is designed and synthesized on a mica substrate. By optimizing the periodic number (N), concomitantly enhanced breakdown strength and large polarization difference are achieved in the film withN= 6, which contributes to the large energy density (Wrec) of 91 J cm−3, high efficiency (η) of 68%, and fast discharging rate of 47.6 µs. The obtained energy density is the highest value up to now in flexible dielectric capacitors, including lead‐free and lead‐based inorganic films as well as organic dielectric films. Moreover, no obvious deterioration of the energy storage performance is observed in the wide ranges of working temperature (−50–200 °C), operating frequency (500 Hz to 30 kHz), and fatigue cycles (1–108). Besides, theWrecand η are ultra‐stable under various bending radii (R= 12–2 mm) and even after 104bending cycles atR= 4 mm, demonstrating an outstanding mechanical bending endurance. This excellent performance will allow the capacitor thrive in flexible microenergy storage systems.