bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TÜKETİCİ HAKLARI VE ESNAF DENETİMİ -HUKUK TARİHİMİZDEN ÖRNEKLER-
Authors: SOFUOĞLU Hadi
Published: December 2021

Tarih boyunca toplumların ticaret hayatında tüketicinin korunması meselesi, güncelliğini hiçbir zaman kaybetmemiş bir konudur. Bu süreçte tüketiciyi korumak için geliştirilen yöntemlerin başında hiç kuşkusuz üretimde standardizasyonun ve kalitenin sağlanması, ölçü ve tartı kontrolü, çarşı ve pazarların düzenlenmesi ve denetlenmesi yer almaktadır. İslâm hukuku kaynakları açısından baktığımızda, tüketicilerin aldatılmaması ve haklarının korunması için muhayyerlik müessesesinin geliştirildiğini görüyoruz. İslam’ın ilk dönemlerinden beri kusurlu mal ve hizmetlere karşı tüketicilerin korunmasına yönelik birtakım tedbirler alınmış ve tüketicilere böyle bir durumla karşı karşıya kaldıklarında akdi bozma hakkı tanınmıştır. Alıcı ve satıcı arasındaki ihtilafları çözmek, hakları teminat altına almak, mal ve hizmet standardını korumak için Hz. Peygamber’den bugüne kadar bir takım kurum ve kuruluşlar da bulunmaktadır.

İşte bu tebliğde İslam tarihi boyunca tüketici ve tüketici hakları ile ilgili ortaya konmuş hukuki tedbirlerden, özellikle Osmanlı uygulamasında karşımıza çıkan esnaf örgütleri ve esnaf denetleme faaliyetlerinden hareketle üretici ve tüketici arasındaki uyuşmazlıkların çözümünde takip edilen çeşitli metotlardan bahsedilecektir.
FIKH’IN BELİRLEDİĞİ İKTİSÂDÎ YAŞAMI AHÎLİK TEŞKİLATININ TOPLUMA YERLEŞTİRMESİNİ GÜNÜMÜZ TOPLUMU İÇİN YENİDEN KIYMETLENDİRME
Authors: GÜLER Mehmet Nuri
Published: December 2021

Makalenin amacı, “Fıkhı’nın Belirlediği İktisâdî Yaşamı Ahîlik Teşkilâtının Topluma Yerleştirmesini Günümüz Toplumu İçin Yeniden Kıymetlendirme” olmaktadır. Ekonomi’ye, “biçimselci”, ve “özselci”, iki türlü bakılmaktadır. Bu farklı iki bakış, iki değişik insan tipi ve iki toplum modeli ile temsil edilmektedir: Birincisi, Kapitalist Toplum ve ikinci de İslâm Toplumu’dur. Kapitalist toplum “Piyasa Ekonomisi”, diğer bir ad ile “Kapitalist Ekonomi”yi; İslâm Toplumu da, “İslâm Fıkıh Ekonomisi/Ma’âyişi”ni ortaya çıkarmıştır. İslâm’da, ekonomik hak ve özgürlükleri, devletin ekonomik hak ve yetkilerini düzenleyen farz, vâcib, mendûb, harâm, mekrûh ve mubâh gibi fıkhî hükümler olduğundan, bunlar, İslâm’da Ekonomi’yi/Ma’âyiş’i de belirlemektedirler. Ahîlik, İslâm Fıkıh Ma’âyişi’ni Anadolu Selçuklu ve Osmanlı Devleti’nde topluma yerleştirmiştir. Ahîliğin nizamnâmeleri, kaynağı İslâm dîni olan Fütüvvetnâmeler’dir. Günümüzde toplumu belirleyen ekonominin uygulanması neticesinde yaşanan sorunların çözümünde Ahîlik bir imdat kuruluştur. Makalenin önemi, Fıkh’ın belirlediği iktisâdî yaşamı Ahîlik teşkilâtının topluma yerleştirmesini ortaya koymasıdır. Araştırmanın kaynakları, Kur’ân, Sünnet, Ekonomi ve Fıkıh alanındaki kitaplar ile bu alanlarda yayınlanmış makale, bildiri gibi çalışmalar ve yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans, doktora tezleridir. Araştırmanın yöntemi olarak, veriler “tarama metodu” ile toplanmış, “analitik yöntem” ile belirlenmiş ve araştırma amacı doğrultusunda sistematize edilmiştir. Araştırmanın anahatları, makalenin konusu, araştırmanın amacı, önemi, kaynakları, yöntemi ve anahatların açıklandığı Giriş; “Fıkhı’nın Belirlediği İktisâd”ın işlendiği birinci; “Toplumda Fıkıh İktisâdı’nın Ahîlik Teşkilatı ile Yaşanması”nın incelendiği ikinci ve “Günümüz Piyasa Ekonomisinin Tahribatına Çözüm Yolu: Ahîlik”in ele alındığı üçüncü kısım ile Araştırmanın, değerlendirilmesinin yapıldığı Sonuç’tan meydana gelmektedir..
AHİLİK TEŞKİLATININ TÜRK KÜLTÜRÜNÜN AKTARIMINDAKİ ROLÜ
Authors: ÇANDIR Muzaffer , AYDIN Yusuf
Published: December 2021

Kültür, toplumun kimliğidir. Bu kimlik oluşurken birçok unsurun etkisi altında kalır. 13. yüzyılda ortaya çıkan ve toplum arasında benimsenerek kısa sürede yayılan ahilik teşkilatı da toplum kimliğinin oluşmasına önemli katkılarda bulunmuştur. Teşkilat, ticarette önemli bir unsur olmuş ve Anadolu'daki Türk zanaatkarları ayakta tutmak için çeşitli uygulamalarda bulunmuştur. Özellikle usta-çırak ilişkisi ile eğitime önem verilmiştir. Usta-çırak eğitimi ile mesleklerin devamlılığı sağlanmış, geleneksel yapılar korunmuş, sosyal hayattaki uygulamaların gelecek nesillere aktarımı gerçekleşmiş ve localardaki eğitimlerle öğrencilerin; dini, meslekî ve askerî gelişimleri sağlanmıştır.

Bu çalışmada; Ahi Evran’ın öncülüğünde başlayan ve Anadolu’da önemli bir yeri olan ahilik teşkilatının, Türk kültürünün gelecek nesillere aktarılması hususundaki etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda ahilik teşkilatının Anadolu’da uyguladığı ve kültürel özelliği olan çalışmalar tespit edilerek incelenmiştir. İnceleme sonunda ahilik teşkilatının, zanaatkârları ve sanatkârları desteklediği, eğitim ile bilinçli ve bilinçdışı olarak kültüre katkıda bulunduğu belirlenmiştir.
SOSYAL POLİTİKA AÇISINDAN İŞ VE MESLEK AHLÂKININ AHÎLİKTEKİ TEMELLERİ OLARAK FÜTÜVVET ANLAYIŞI -SÜLEMÎ’NİN KİTÂBÜ’L-FÜTÜVVET’İ ÖRNEĞİNDE-
Authors: AKALIN İsa
Published: December 2021

Geniş manadaki sosyal politikanın, önemi gittikçe artan bir konusu olarak iş ve meslek ahlakı, Türk – İslâm medeniyetinde Ahîlik müessesesi içinde neşvünema bulmuştur. İş ahlakı, işveren ile işgören, mal ve hizmet üreten ile bunları alanlar arasındaki, üretimden tüketime uyulması gereken kuralları düzenleyen ahlak alanı olarak; meslek ahlakı ise genel ahlak ilkelerin söz konusu meslek özelinde o mesleğe bağlı olanların uyması gereken ahlaki ilkeler diye tanımlanmaktadır.

Fütüvvet, sözlük anlamı itibariyle gençlik, yiğitlik, mertlik, adamlık demektir. Tasavvufta ise bu anlamlara ilave olarak fedakârlık, diğerkâmlık, başkalarının hak ve menfaatini kendininkinden önde tutmak; herhangi bir karşılık beklemeden başkalarına yardım ve iyilik yapmak; toplumun ve fertlerin kurtuluşu ve mutluluğu için kendini feda etmek; başkalarını kendinden daha önemli ve daha saygıdeğer görmek demektir. Sûfîler, İslam tarihinde daha sonraları bir teşkilata dönüşen fütüvveti, önceden ahlâkî bir kavram olarak kullanmışlar, onu manevi makamlar arasında saymışlar, ona zengin bir içerik kazandırmışlar ve hakkında müstakil eserler yazmışlardır. Fütüvvet anlayışı Anadolu’da Türkler arasında zamanla iktisadî hayatı yönlendiren bir düşünce ve yaşam şekline dönüşmüş ve Ahîlik olarak müesseseleşmiştir.

Ebû Abdirrahman es-Sülemî (412/1021), bilinen en eski fütüvvet kitabı yazarıdır. es-Sülemî, “Kitâbü’l-Fütüvve” adlı eserinde yiğitlik, mertlik, delikanlılık, fedakârlık, diğergâmlık olarak fütüvvet ahlâkını ele almıştır. es-Sülemî, “Ve mine’l-fütüvveti: yiğitliktendir ki …” diye başladığı her bir fütüvvet ahlâkı ilkesini âyet, hadîs ve sûfî sözleriyle açıklamıştır.
ESNAF GELENEĞİNDE, DÜKKÂNLARI ANLAMLANDIRAN YAZILARDAN ÖRNEKLER
Authors: MAKTAL ERBAŞ Aynur
Published: December 2021

Medeniyetimizde yazı, coğrafya, alfabe farklılığı gözetmeksizin, daima ehemmiyetini korumuş; tarih içinde meydana getirilen yazı temelli eserlerle de kültür tarihimizin geniş bir yelpazesinde yerini almıştır. Geçmişten günümüze yazının, mana-mekân ilişkisi içinde en abidevi yapılardan en küçük yüzeye kadar hemen her alanda amacına paralel kullanıldığını görürüz. Selçuklu ve Osmanlı Dönemi Anadolu topraklarında oluşturulan kültür hazinelerinin merkezinde de yazı temelli Hat Sanatı örnekleri yer alır.

Tasavvuf anlayışında aşk ı yaşamanın icra halinin ahlak olduğu anlayışı hakimdir. Bu anlayış hat sanatı kimliğindeki mesajlarla, Anadolu kültüründe tarih boyunca yaşatılmıştır. Hat sanatında ‘kelâm-ı kibâr’ (hikmetli söz) olarak tasnif edilen mesajlar, saraydan esnaf dükkânına kadar toplumun her kesiminde geniş kabul bulmuştur. Anadolu coğrafyasında tasavvuf kültürünün toplum hayatındaki yansımasından bir kesiti oluşturan ‘kelâm-ı kibârlar’, esnaf geleneğinde de onların ekmek teknesi olarak gördükleri mekânlarını anlamlandıran yazılar olma özelliği taşırlar. Bir çeşit sürrealist resim olarak kabul gören hat çeşitleriyle ahlaki ve edebi dilde yazılmış olan bu mesajlar, içinde yer aldığı esnaf dükkânları aracılığıyla toplumun kılcal damarlarına kadar nüfuz etmiştir.

Bu çalışmada, Anadolu coğrafyasındaki tasavvuf kültürünün topluma yansımasının önemli göstergelerinden biri olarak yakın geçmişimizdeki esnaf dükkânlarına asılması gelenek haline gelmiş olan levha örnekleri sunulmuştur. Yazının mana değerinin ön plana çıkartıldığı, en ibretlik mesajın dahi, gayet edebi veya nüktedan bir üslupla verildiği bu örneklerde ortak özelliğin, toplum vicdanını ihya edici, pozitif bakışın teşvik edildiği dikkati çekmektedir.
Bijaše jednom, kako nikad prije nije bilo
Authors: Utasi Anikó
Published: December 2021

Grimmove bajke vjerojatno su najpoznatije i najomiljenije priče na svijetu. One su nadahnule ne samo mnoge druge autore bajki nego su vječita inspiracija i ostalim umjetnostima. Postoji mnoštvo književnih adaptacija Grimmovih bajki; tako je Aliz Mosonyi, mađarska književnica za djecu, nanovo ispričala tri bajke: Csipkerózsika [Trnoružica] (2007.), Jancsi és Juliska [Ivica i Marica] (2007.) i Piroska és a farkas [Crvenkapica] (2008.). Zatim je prepričala još nekoliko Grimmovih bajki u knjizi Egyszer volt, ahogy még sose volt – tizenkét és fél Grimm mese [Bijaše jednom, kako nikad prije nije bilo – dvanaest i pol Grimmovih priča] (2014.). U ovom se radu analiziraju navedene reinterpretacije klasičnih Grimmovih bajki uspoređujući ih s izvornim Grimmovim tekstovima te se istražuje kako ilustracije u tim knjigama vizualno prikazuju svježe dosjetke, fin humor i moderan jezik Aliz Mosonyi, pri čem se promatra i intermedijalni odnos crteža i teksta u spomenutim knjigama, uočavajući pritom razlike između suvremenih ilustracija i onih kanonskih.
Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO): Production, Advantages, and Potential Utilization in Various Food Products
Authors: Mela Ervina , Bintang Dhenadya Savira
Published: December 2021

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is coconut oil that is processed in a simple way without involving synthetic chemicals. Production methods that are commonly carried out on a household scale or micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) include the methods of induced, salting, centrifugation, and fermentation. This process causes the lauric acid content of VCO to be the highest compared to the other 2 oils, which is 53.70-54.06 %, while ordinary coconut oil is 2.81% and palm oil is 0.45%. The high content of lauric acid makes VCO beneficial for health, including increasing endurance and accelerating the healing process of disease. In national and global and markets, until the 1990s VCO developed very slowly. But in 2020 the VCO market began to grow because people use this product as an antivirus against Covid-19. This paper explores the advantages, manufacturing technology, and trade of local and global VCO. Research results that apply VCO to food products and VCO-based food products that have the potential to be developed on the MSME scale are presented. Based on market potential, technology, and business capital, the most potential VCO-based product to be developed is chocolate bar.

Keywords: Virgin coconut oil, trade, food products

 

Abstrak

VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO): PEMBUATAN, KEUNGGULAN, PEMASARAN DAN POTENSI PEMANFAATAN PADA BERBAGAI PRODUK PANGAN

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) adalah minyak kelapa yang diproses dengan cara sederhana tanpa melibatkan zat-zat kimia sintetis. Metode produksi yang umum dilakukan pada skala rumah tangga atau usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM) meliputi metode pancingan, penggaraman, sentrifugasi, dan fermentasi. Proses ini menyebabkan kandungan asam laurat VCO menjadi yang tertinggi dibanding 2 minyak lainnya, yaitu sebesar 53.70-54.06 %, sementara minyak kelapa biasa sebesar 2.81 % dan minyak sawit sebesar 0.45%. Tingginya kandungan asam laurat menjadikan VCO bermanfaaat untuk kesehatan, diantaranya meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh dan mempercepat proses penyembuhan penyakit. Pada pasar lokal dan global, hingga tahun 1990-an VCO berkembang sangat lambat. Namun pada tahun 2020 pasar VCO mulai menggeliat karena masyarakat menggunakan produk ini sebagai antivirus melawan Covid-19. Naskah ini menggali keunggulan, teknologi pembuatan, dan perdagangan VCO lokal dan global. Selain itu juga ditampilkan hasil-hasil penelitian yang mengaplikasikan VCO pada produk pangan dan dilengkapi dengan produk-produk pangan berbasis VCO yang berpotensi dikembangkan pada skala UMKM. Berdasarkan potensi pasar, teknologi, dan modal usaha maka produk berbasis VCO yang paling potensial dikembangkan ialah cokelat batang.

Kata kunci: Virgin coconut oil, pemasaran, produk pangan

 
Discursos arqueológicos y sus consecuencias: una aproximación a través del caso peruano
Authors: Accinelli Aldo
Published: December 2021

En el presente artículo se discutirá cómo la arqueología  ha venido moldeando los discursos sobre el pasado huma no, al pasar de ideas que simplificaban el desarrollo cultu ral a comprender la diversidad de los procesos culturales  en el mundo. Sin embargo, los discursos arqueológicos  que tuvieron su origen en el colonialismo y en el racismo  perduran en la actualidad. En el Perú estos discursos tie nen como su mayor representante a la idea nacionalista  de «civilización madre» o «cultura matriz», que tiene como  consecuencia la sobrevaloración de la monumentalidad  de los sitios arqueológicos. De esta manera, se explicará  sobre cómo estas nociones surgidas de la colonialidad  crean escalas de valor sobre los sitios arqueológicos y el  pasado en sí mismo. Finalmente, se verá cómo estas ideas  siguen siendo perpetuadas por el Estado peruano a través  de los textos escolares.
Leistungsoptimierung von Schülerinnen und Schülern durch schulbezogene Erklärvideonutzung auf YouTube
Authors: Wolf Karsten D. , Cwielong Ilona Andrea , Kommer Sven , Klieme Katrin Ellen
Published: December 2021

Die schulbezogene Nutzung von Erklärvideos insbesondere auf YouTube hat sich zunehmend im Medienrepertoire von Schülerinnen und Schülern etabliert. Gegenstand des Beitrags ist die Beschreibung und Analyse der ausserschulischen Nutzung von Erklärvideos in verschiedenen Schulfächern als Form schulbezogener Leistungsoptimierungsstrategien. Von Interesse ist, welche Fächer geschaut werden, welche Nutzungsanlässe und motivationalen Gründe es zur Rezeption gibt sowie welche Lernstrategien dabei genutzt werden. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der Analyse, wie sich die schulbezogene Erklärvideonutzung von Schülerinnen und Schülern auf unterschiedlichen Notenniveaus unterscheiden. Die Datenbasis bildet eine standardisierte Befragung (n = 1.392) von Schülerinnen und Schülern der 8. bis 13. Klasse in den Regionen Bremen und Aachen an allgemeinbildenden Schulen. Als Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass insbesondere Erklärvideos für die Schulfächer Mathematik, Geschichte sowie Biologie rezipiert werden. Schülerinnen und Schüler mit schlechteren Noten schauen überproportional viele Erklärvideos in den Nachhilfe relevanten Fächern Mathematik, Deutsch sowie Englisch und geben mehr fremdbestimmte Gründe für das Schauen von Erklärvideos an. Schülerinnen und Schüler mit besseren Noten nutzen Erklärvideos eher selbstbestimmt und nutzen verstärkt verstehensorientierte Lernstrategien. Abschliessend wird herausgearbeitet, dass die Nutzung durch die Schülerinnen und Schüler als eine leistungs- bzw. effizienzoptimierende Selbsthilfestrategie zu verstehen ist. Obwohl die Bereitstellung und breite Rezeption von Erklärvideos ein Indiz für eine zunehmende Entschulungsstrategie darstellt, zeigt die Analyse, dass das curriculare Hegemonial der Schule in Bezug auf die Inhalte schulbezogener Erklärvideos weiter besteht.
INSULINOMA AND METABOLIC URGENCY CASE REPORT
Authors:   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolics Diseases, Universitary Hospital Mohammed VI Marrakech., Bifoume Ndong Charlene-Ludwine , Anguezomo Assoumou Gladys ,   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolics Diseases, Universitary Hospital Mohammed VI Marrakech., Rafi Sana ,   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolics Diseases, Universitary Hospital Mohammed VI Marrakech., Rabbani Khalid ,   Visceral Surgery Department, Universitary Hospital Mohammed VI Marrakech., Rais Hanane ,   Anatomy-Pathology Department, Universitary Hospital Mohammed VI Marrakech., El Mghari Tabib Ghizlane ,   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolics Diseases, Universitary Hospital Mohammed VI Marrakech., El Ansari Nawal ,   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolics Diseases, Universitary Hospital Mohammed VI Marrakech.
Published: December 2021

Insulinoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor, occurring almost exclusively in the pancreas. Most often unique and benign in 90% of cases. Usually sporadic, 10% of lesions become part of type 1 multiple endocrine neoplasia. The main manifestation of insulinoma is hypoglycemia, which is a life-threatening metabolic emergency. The hypoglycemia occurring in this context are particularly serious and frequent with sometimes harmful cerebral consequences. Topographic diagnosis remains difficult due to the small size of the lesions justifying the importance of the preoperative imaging required for the location of the tumor. Enucleation is the surgical indication of choice in the presence of a sporadic insulinoma that is presumably benign. Pathological and immunohistochemical examination confirms the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor. Our observation is particular by the circumstances of discovery of the insulinoma, the severe nature of the symptoms.
Peculiarities of introduction of Lavandula vera D.C. into the culture in the Central Polissia of Ukraine
Authors: Kotyuk L.A. , Trofimova A. V.
Published: December 2021

Purpose. Determining the assessment of the prospects and success of Lavandula vera D.C. introduction in the Central Polissia of Ukraine.
Methods. General scientific and special: morphological and descriptive, biometric, laboratory, field, biochemical.
Results. Based on the analysis of literary sources and experimental studies, the issues of distribution, onthomorphogenetic features, biochemical composition of plant materials and components of essential oils of the non-traditional aromatic plant L. vera were studied. During the individual development of L. vera plants, three periods (latent, pregenerative, and generative) and 6 age states of plants were noted: seeds, seedlings, juvenile, immature, virginal, and generative. It was revealed that seedling and vegetative propagation of lavender (separation of individual plants into parts) has advantages over seeds due to low field germination of seeds (5–10%). Plant raw materials of lavender, grown in the conditions of Ukrainian Polissia, are a source of organic substances, tannins, vitamins and macroelements.
Conclusions. Information on distribution, onthomorphogenetic and biochemical characteristics of the non-traditional aromatic plant L. vera indicates the prospects for its cultivation in the conditions of the Central Polissia of Ukraine as an aromatic, flavoring, essential oil, medicinal, melliferous, phytoncidal, and ornamental plant.
Ecological plasticity of lettuce varieties (Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana Irish) in the Western Forest-steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Leshchuk N. V. , Bashkatova O. P. , Symonenko N. V. , Dydiv O.Y.
Published: December 2021

Purpose. To reveal the adaptive potential of stem lettuce varieties (Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana Irish) accor­ding to the parameters of yield, ecological plasticity, stability and adaptability in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. The stability and plasticity of stem lettuce yield was evaluated according to S. A. Eberhart and W. A. Rassel method. Soil and climatic conditions of the research area were generally favorable for lettuce growth and development. Research methods: field, laboratory and statistical.
Results. Stem lettuce varieties showed different duration of the interfacial period of germination – technical ripeness: for ‘Pogonych’ variety it was 35 days, which made it possible to collect marketable products 6 days earlier than in the control. ‘Cobra’ variety showed the largest leaf area (13 109.12 m2). The value of the yield index of the rosette of leaves and stems over the years of research was in the range of 53.2–57.0 t/ha. Variety ‘Pogonych’ showed the highest rates of Yp.p. and Yd. – 74.0 and 7.8 t/ha, respectively. The stem lettuce varieties had a high coefficient of agronomic stability > 70%. ‘Tseltus’ variety showed the highest value of the index of environmental conditions (bi = 1.07), which indicates its high sensitivity in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. ‘Pogonych’ variety demonstrated ecological plasticity.
Conclusions. ‘Pogonych’ stem lettuce variety showed ecological plasticity, stability and tolerance to stressful environmental conditions in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, but it was less adaptive to the constant limits of soil and climatic parameters of environmental factors. High homeostaticity was inherent in all studied varie­ties, which had a higher, than 70% coefficient of agronomic stability, namely: ‘Pogonych’, ‘Cobra’ and ‘Tseltus’.
EFFECTS OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL THERAPY ON FUNCTION AND MUSCLE ULTRASOUND PARAMETERS IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY
Authors: ATASOY Ülkü , BUDAK Miray , TARAKCI Devrim
Published: December 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of neurodevelopmental therapy (NDT) for improving lower extremity functions, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), popliteal angle, medial gastrocnemius (GCM) muscle thickness (MT), and functionality of lower extremity on children with hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy (CP). Methods: Eighteen children with hemiparetic CP aged between 6-15 years were included in the study. Structured NDT (s-NDT) was applied 40 minutes per session, three times a week over 12 weeks. Children were evaluated with Gross Motor Function Measurement-88 (GMFM-88) for motor function level; with goniometer for ankle dorsiflexion ROM and popliteal angle; with ultrasound for medial GCM MT, and with ultrasound Lower Extremity Function Test (LEFT) for the functionality of lower extremity. Children were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: After the treatment, statistically significant differences were obtained in mean values of GMFM-88, ankle dorsiflexion ROM, medial GCM MT, and LEFT (p0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, it was observed that s-NDT might be effective on motor function level, ankle dorsiflexion, medial GCM MT, and lower extremity functionality in children with hemiparetic CP. These improvements will make significant positive contributions to the mobility of children.
Future climate change and impacts on water resources in the Upper Blue Nile basin
Authors: Takele Gebiyaw Sitotaw , Gebrie Geremew Sahilu , Gebremariam Azage Gebreyohannes , Engida Agizew Nigussie
Published: December 2021

This study aims to assess the impact of climate change on the water resources of the Upper Blue Nile basin using an integrated climate and hydrological model. The impact of climate change on water resources is being assessed using the regional climate model (RCM) under the representative concentration pathway (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model. Future climate scenarios have been developed for the 2030s (2021–2040) and the 2050s (2041–2060). The study found that the projected rainfall shows a decreasing trend and is not statistically significant, while the temperature shows an increasing trend and is statistically significant. Due to the sharp rise in temperature, the annual evapotranspiration increased by about 10.4%. This and the declining trend of rainfall will reduce streamflow up to 54%, surface runoff up to 31%, and water yield up to 31%. Climate change causes seasonal and annual fluctuations in the water balance components. However, the projected seasonal changes are much greater than the annual changes. Therefore, the results of this study will be useful to basin planners, policymakers, and water resources managers in developing adaptation strategies to offset the adverse effects of climate change in the Upper Blue Nile basin.
An effective evapotranspiration estimation scheme based on statistical indicators for sustainable environments in humid and semi-arid area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Gul Sajid , Ren Jingli , Xiong Neal , Fawad Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is critical for irrigation design and water management in rainfed and irrigated agriculture. The Penman-Monteith (FAO-56(PM)) equation was demonstrated to be the most reliable and adaptive to a wide range of humid to semi-arid climates. However, it requires several environmental parameters (e.g., wind speed, solar radiation), rarely available in developing countries. Therefore, numerous temperature-based formulas have been designed to address this issue for various environments. Their calibration and validation against the local climate frequently lead to increases in performance. We revised the Hargreaves exponent (EH) and substituted a value of (0.16) for the original value (0.5). The modified Hargreaves formula enhances the ETo predictions with a mean absolute error ranging from (0.791) mm per day for Balakot to (2.36) mm per day in Risalpur, averaging (3.797) mm per day, as compared to the Hargreaves-Samani (16.827) mm per day. In general, all the selected models showed high accuracy. However, the modified Hargreaves equation appeared to give the most promising results. It ranked first in (50%) of the whole area based on the standard error of estimate for estimating ETo in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Additional research must be conducted to determine the study's relevance to other regions.
As contribuições da Tecnologia Assistiva Dosvox para professores em formação inicial: intermediando práticas tecnológicas inclusivas
Authors: Alvaristo Eliziane de Fátima , Santinello Jamile
Published: December 2021

O estudo tem como objetivo contribuir com a formação inicial de professores de um curso de Pedagogia por meio da Tecnologia Assistiva – Dosvox, tendo em vista a concepção de ensino e aprendizagem inclusiva para estudantes com deficiência visual. Utilizou-se da abordagem qualitativa de natureza aplicada, tendo como estratégia de pesquisa o estudo de caso. Foi realizado em uma Instituição Pública de ensino Superior, localizada no interior do estado do Paraná, e, traz como participantes vinte e cinco professores em formação inicial de um curso de Pedagogia e um professor cego. Os instrumentos utilizados para a análise dos dados foram: gravações em áudio e vídeo, fotos e intervenção prática sobre o uso da Tecnologia Assistiva – Dosvox. Os dados foram analisados a partir da teoria Histórico-Cultural. Os resultados revelam que as intervenções realizadas pelo professor cego aos professores em formação inicial de um curso de Pedagogia contribuíram com a aquisição de novas concepções sobre o processo de ensino e aprendizagem inclusivo da Tecnologia Assistiva – Dosvox, possibilitando aos professores reconhecerem-se e autoavaliarem-se pedagogicamente no processo de ensino inclusivo às pessoas com deficiência visual, dentre eles, no modo de ensinar e aprender com um professor cego.
Tecnologias assistivas no ensino e aprendizagem de matemática para estudante cego: investigando a presença do desenho universal e do desenho universal para aprendizagem
Authors: Jeremias Sandra Maria Ferreira , Góes Anderson Roges Teixeira , Haracemiv Sonia Maria Chaves
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo apresenta análises de pesquisas stricto sensu que abordam as tecnologias assistivas no ensino e aprendizagem de matemática voltada ao estudante cego. Com isso, verifica-se se esses recursos são concebidos na perspectiva do Desenho Universal (DU) e, ainda, se as metodologias indicadas nas pesquisas possuem abordagem do Desenho Universal para Aprendizagem (DUA). A metodologia da pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, constituindo-se como revisão sistemática e integrativa em diferentes locais de buscas, como o Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Os resultados demonstram a existência de poucas pesquisas na abordagem DUA. No entanto, as práticas que fazem uso do DUA possibilitam ao estudante cego a participação efetiva, com equidade, nos processos educacionais inclusivos no ambiente de sala de aula.
Representações Sociais Docentes acerca dos conceitos de Deficiência e Tecnologia Assistiva
Authors: Moro Tatiele Bolson , Correa Ygor , Marcolla Valdinei , Welter Cristiane Backes
Published: December 2021

Investigou-se, com base na Teoria das Representações Sociais (TRS), os tipos de deficiências declaradas pelos alunos do IFRS campus Caxias do Sul e os tipos de Tecnologia Assistiva (TA) disponibilizadas pela instituição. Esta pesquisa entrevistou oito professores e analisou suas narrativas, enquanto representações sociais, sobre Deficiência e TA. Além disso, 36 fichas de matrícula foram analisadas, revelando 16 tipos de deficiências. Assim, como 43 tipos de TA foram catalogadas na instituição. Então, a partir da TRS e da Análise de Conteúdo, constatou-se que os professores foram consensuais ao atribuir ao conceito de deficiência relação ao Modelo Médico e não ao Pós-Social. Pouca menção à utilização das TA foi constatada, porém os professores conheciam a relação dessas com as deficiências.
Profissional de apoio como mediador da tecnologia assistiva no ambiente escolar
Authors: Queiroz Fernanda Matrigani Mercado Gutierres de , Melo Márcia Helena da Silva
Published: December 2021

Todos os estudantes têm potencialidades a desenvolver e para a educação inclusiva são necessários apoios para que a escolarização ocorra com qualidade. O profissional de apoio ou cuidador integra a equipe escolar para cuidar da alimentação, higiene e locomoção de estudantes com deficiências múltiplas ou que apresentam um perfil de comprometimento maior. O objetivo desta pesquisa qualitativa descritiva é discutir acerca das possibilidades de atuação do cuidador de estudantes com deficiências, enquanto mediador da Tecnologia Assistiva (TA) no contexto escolar. Aplicou-se um questionário em 46 cuidadores que atuavam em escolas do ensino fundamental, sendo realizada observação participante em duas escolas e entrevistas com os cuidadores. Ao final, foi realizado um grupo focal, com 13 participantes. Os dados foram analisados pela análise de conteúdo da qual emergiram cinco categorias: Mediação da TA em atividades de alimentação, Mediação da TA em situações de locomoção e atenção ao posicionamento dos estudantes para participar das atividades escolares, Mediação da TA em atividades de higiene, Mediação da TA em interações comunicativas e TA potencializadora do desenvolvimento humano: estratégias e aplicações práticas da TA em parceria colaborativa com os professores e outros profissionais.
O Soroban Dourado como instrumento mediador para a apropriação conceitual na deficiência intelectual
Authors: Mamcasz-Viginheski Lucia Virginia , Shimazaki Elsa Midori , Silva Sani de Carvalho Rutz da
Published: December 2021

Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir a utilização do material didático Soroban Dourado, desenvolvido como produção técnica de uma pesquisa de doutorado, como ferramenta auxiliar no ensino do uso do Soroban para estudantes com deficiência intelectual. A validação desse material deu-se por meio da pesquisa qualitativa, sendo utilizada como estratégia a pesquisa ação. O material foi utilizado por oito estudantes com deficiência intelectual que frequentavam o programa Educação de Jovens e Adultos de uma escola de educação especial. Os resultados revelaram que o uso do Soroban Dourado no processo de ensino promoveu a compreensão dos estudantes sobre a estrutura do Soroban, o entendimento dos princípios do sistema de numeração decimal como o valor posicional, agrupamentos de dez em dez e a aprendizagem dos conceitos matemáticos relacionados aos números e operações. Esses resultados evidenciam a importância de um ensino que considere as capacidades dos estudantes com essa deficiência e não suas limitações, assim como o fato de que todas as pessoas, independentemente, de qualquer condição, podem aprender e se desenvolver, desde que lhes sejam dadas as condições necessárias para isso no processo de ensino.
Green Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Degradation of Toxic Organic Compounds
Authors: Susan Md. Abu Bin Hasan , Ahmed Saika , Ara Gulshan
Published: December 2021

In recent years, nanomaterials as photocatalysts have gained much popularity for the removal of organic pollutants from tainted water using photodegradation, since the available chemical, physical, and biological methods are often time consuming, involve high cost and dumping complications, some-times posing serious threat to both human health and environmental elements. The use of nanomaterials is less expensive and does not, in general, form aggregated macromolecules. In addition, nanotechnology for waste-water treatment demolishes or alters the risky chemical wastes to harmless end products like H2O and CO2. Nanomaterials synthesized from natural resources or prepared using green synthetic routes are receiving a surge of interest as our consciousness of the ecological environment and safety rises. ‘Green’ materials of this kind might also show unique strength features and exceptional biodegradability, along with their other notable advantageous properties like a minimum threat to the environment, efficient recyclability and low cost compared to synthetic nanomaterials. Such green nanomaterials can also serve as nanocatalysts to treat toxic organic pollutants in a safer way, including photodegradation to less or non-toxic products. This article reviews the latest developments on the synthesis of some promising green nanomaterials aiming towards their efficient uses as photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollu-tants. Strategies to find new green materials as photocatalysts through the modification of technologies and the development of novel methodologies for the safer treatment of organic pollutants will also be discussed.
Distinguishment of Weak Interactions of Hydrogen Atoms Bound to Carbon
Atoms: X-Ray Crystal Structural and Hirshfeld Surface Analyses of 2-
Hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)naphthalene with the 2-
Methoxylated Homologue
Authors: Iida Kikuko , Muto Toyokazu , Kobayashi Miyuki , Iitsuka Hiroaki , Li Kun , Yonezawa Noriyuki , Okamoto Akiko
Published: December 2021

X-ray crystal and Hirshfeld surface analyses of 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(2,4,6-
trimethylbenzoyl)naphthalene and its 2-methoxylated homologue show quantitatively and visually
distinct molecular contacts in crystals and minute differences in the weak intermolecular interactions.
The title compound has a helical tubular packing, where molecules are piled in a two-folded
head-to-tail fashion. The homologue has a tight zigzag molecular string lined up behind each other
via nonclassical intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl oxygen atom and the hydrogen
atom of the naphthalene ring. The dnorm index obtained from the Hirshfeld surface analysis
quantitatively demonstrates stronger molecular contacts in the homologue, an ethereal compound,
than in the title compound, an alcohol, which is consistent with the higher melting temperature of
the former than the latter. Stabilization through the significantly weak intermolecular nonclassical
hydrogen bonding interactions in the homologue surpasses the stability imparted by the intramolecular
C=O…H–O classical hydrogen bonds in the title compound. The classical hydrogen
bond places the six-membered ring in the concave of the title molecule. The hydroxy group opposingly
disturbs the molecular aggregation of the title compound, as demonstrated by the distorted
H…H interactions covering the molecular surface, owing to the rigid molecular conformation. The
position of effective interactions predominate over the strength of the classical/nonclassical hydrogen
bonds in the two compounds.
Pharmacophore Modelling and Virtual Screening Studies for the Discovery of Potential Natural Products Based PDE1B Inhibitor Lead Compounds
Authors: Shy Teng Woei , Gaurav Anand
Published: December 2021

Aim:

The aim of the present study was to apply pharmacophore based virtual screening to a
natural product database to identify potential PDE1B inhibitor lead compounds for neurodegenerative
and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Background:

Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders are a major health burden globally.
The existing therapies do not provide optimal relief and are associated with substantial adverse effects.
This has resulted in a huge unmet medical need for newer and more effective therapies for these disorders. Phosphodiesterase (PDEs) enzymes have been identified as potential targets of drugs for neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, and one of the subtypes, i.e., PDE1B, accounts for
more than 90 % of total brain PDE activity associated with learning and memory process, making it an
interesting drug target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.

Objectives:

The present study has been conducted to identify potential PDE1B inhibitor lead compounds from the natural product database.

Methods:

Ligand-based pharmacophore models were generated and validated; they were then employed for virtual screening of Universal Natural Products Database (UNPD) followed by docking
with PDE1B to identify the best hit compound.

Results:

Virtual screening led to the identification of 85 compounds which were then docked into the
active site of PDE1B. Out of the 85 compounds, six showed a higher affinity for PDE1B than the
standard PDE1B inhibitors. The top scoring compound was identified as Cedreprenone.

Conclusion:

Virtual screening of UNPD using Ligand based pharmacophore led to the identification
of Cedreprenone, a potential new natural PDE1B inhibitor lead compound.
Effect of Die Materials on Marginal and Internal Adaptation of Zirconia Copings: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Al-Mussawi Raja M. , Farid Farzaneh , Haider Julfikar
Published: December 2021

Aim:

Close adaptation of cemented CAD/CAM restorations to their abutments is highly dependent on precise impressions and accurate replicas of teeth and adjacent oral tissues. This in-vitro study compared the effect of two die materials, as physical replicas of prepared teeth, on internal and marginal adaptations of zirconia copings to their corresponding abutments.

Materials and Methods:

A virtual model simulating a prepared premolar was designed and used for the milling of thirty identical metal models. Impression was taken of all models by Polyvinyl siloxane material. Fifteen impressions were poured in with Type IV stone and the other fifteen with polyurethane resin to make dies. All dies were scanned, and for each of them, zirconia coping was designed and milled. The copings were cemented to their corresponding metal models. Marginal gap between each coping and its metal model was measured at 20 points with a stereomicroscope (×60). Then the specimens were sectioned into two halves, and the internal gap was measured at seven points, including right and left cervico-axial, mid-axial, occluso-axial, and mid-occlusal. The data were analyzed with an independent T-test and repeated measure ANOVA at a 95% confidence level (p<0.05).

Results:

Mean value of marginal gap for Type IV stone and Exakto-Form groups were 54.31 ± 4.11 μm and 56.25 ± 4.24 μm, respectively. Mean values of the internal gaps for both groups ranged from 48 μm to 120 μm.

Conclusion:

Based on the results of this study, an internal and marginal adaptation of zirconia copings designed on digitized polyurethane and Type IV stone dies are clinically acceptable.
Evaluation of the Effect of Cold Plasma Treatment on the Microshear Bond Strength of Composite Resin Restorations to Dentin using Different Adhesive Systems and the Effect of Thermocycling
Authors: Valizadeh Sara , Farhadi Elham , Moradi Aida , Hashemikamangar Sedighe S.
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Currently, non-thermal plasma is used to modify the enamel and dentin surfaces to improve the bonding surface to dental composite resins. Non-thermal plasma creates a hydrophilic surface, decreases the contact angle, and improves the bonding quality. The present study aimed to evaluate the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of composite resins to dentin using different adhesive systems.

Materials and Methods:

Bovine incisor teeth were randomly assigned to three groups of G-Premio, Clearfil SE Bond, and Adper Single Bond adhesive groups after preparation. Each group was divided into two subgroups in terms of argon plasma surface preparation, and each subgroup was divided into two groups in terms of thermocycling (n=12). The microshear bond strength of the samples was determined using a universal testing machine. Three-way ANOVA was used to analyze the effect of the adhesive, plasma preparation, and thermocycling. Post hoc Tukey tests were used for two-by-two comparisons of µSBS. Statistical significance was set at P <0.05.

Results:

The results of the µSBS test showed that the application of plasma resulted in a significant increase in the mean µSBS in the G-Premio group, with no significant increase in the Clearfil SE bond and Adper Single groups. The effect of thermocycling after plasma application was significant only in the Adper Single group.

Conclusion:

The application of plasma might increase the bond strength of composite resins to dentin. However, further studies are necessary.
theoretical framework for impact assessment of the labor code on enterprises
Authors: Diep Dao Mong , Khanh Nguyen Dao Mai , Dong Dao The , Nhung Nguyen Van
Published: December 2021

Labor law plays an important role in regulating the relationship between employees and employers. The Labor Code has made more effective adjustments to enterprises to ensure the interests of employers. However, some regulations still do not meet the requirements set out at the current stage. The article researches the theoretical framework to assess the impact of the Labor Code on enterprises to reflect between the legal theory and the actual law implementation. On that basis, the article will propose solutions to improve the provisions of the Labor Code for enterprises to establish a solid legal corridor to ensure the development of enterprises in the current period.
Vietnamese English teachers’ views on formative assessment management and suggestions to improve student motivation
Authors: Hai Nguyen Van
Published: December 2021

Student performance assessments play an important role in the training process. They reflect how well students performed their learning activities. The goals of assessment are multiple according to their functions. Among assessment forms currently applied at higher education institutions, the formative assessment shows its strength over others by offering great contributions to the innovation of teaching and learning activities. Appropriate use of this form of assessment leads to a successful teaching and learning process, and a much better result and quality of training. This paper focuses on the view of formative assessment management from teachers’ lenses in order to help adjust teaching/learning methods and curriculums. To learn more about the reality of formative assessment for English majors and how it is managed by various stakeholders, a questionnaire and interviews were used. The investigation's findings reveal a substantial lack of teacher knowledge of the nature and strengths of formative assessment. These findings also point to new ways to increase student motivation through the use of formative assessment.
Determination of moisture diffusivity and activation energy on fixed bed drying of red pepper (Capsicum annum) on convective solar drying
Authors: Asmaniyah Mardiyani Siti , Hadi Sumarlan Sumardi , Dwi Argo Bambang , Setyo Leksono Amin
Published: December 2021

Moisture diffusivity and activation energy are two important variables in a drying process to understand a certain product's drying behavior. This study aimed to determine the value of effective moisture diffusivity and the activation energy of red pepper in a conventional forced convective drying based on electricity (conventional convective drying/CCD) and forced convective drying based on solar energy (convective solar drying/CSD). The value of effective moisture diffusivity was determined using the equation, which refers to Fick’s second law. The Arrhenius equation determines the activation energy value as a model of the relationship of inverse temperature and the normal logarithmic value of effective moisture diffusivity. The results showed that the values of effective moisture diffusivity of CCD 70 °C were the highest. The regression analysis between the drying layers (X), and effective moisture diffusivity (Y) showed a polynomial pattern with a coefficient determination R2 value of 0.85 (CCD 70 °C), 0.81 (CCD 60 °C), 0.88 (CCD 50 °C), and 0.48 (CSD). (R2) The higher moisture diffusivity values in CCD indicated that the drying systems are more stable than CSD. The drying activation energy calculation showed that the value of CCD's activation energy was 36.36 kJ/mol.K, while the value of CSD's activation energy was 31.28 kJ/mol.K. Those results were consistent with the results of the previous studies.
The valorization of neem leaves infused coconut oil at various concentrations for the production of natural liquid shampoo
Authors: Nurul Fauziyah Rini , Widyasanti Asri
Published: December 2021

The liquid shampoo is a product that is generally used to clean hair and scalp. The additional active ingredient used in the liquid shampoo is neem leaves which contain polyphenols that have antibacterial effects. Neem leaves extract was made by hot infusion method with coconut oil as a solvent. The purposes of this research were to find the best concentration of neem leaves infused oil for liquid shampoo material and compare the qualities of liquid shampoo with Indonesian National Standard (SNI) of Shampoo 06-2692-1992. The method of this research was a laboratory experiment with descriptive analysis. This research was conducted in five treatments. Concentration neem leaves infused oil for liquid shampoo materials were ratio between coconut oil and neem leaves in sample A = 720:0 (w/w); B = 720:22,5 (w/w); C = 720:30 (w/w); D = 720:45 (w/w); and E = 720:90 (w/w). The result showed that all of the shampoos met the SNI of Shampoo 06-2692-1992 according to organoleptic, moisture content, and pH. The best shampoo based on organoleptic observation was shampoo C (720:30 (w/w)) with a hedonic percentage of 40%, moisture content of 69.89%, pH 7.03, and specific gravity of 1.0223 g/g. The highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus was shampoo E (720:90 (w/w)) with an inhibition zone diameter was 9.5 mm. Shampoo with the highest antibacterial activity resulted from the highest addition of coconut oils infused Neem leaves. It proved that neem leaves were effective as an additive in making shampoo to boost its antimicrobial properties.