bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fall prediction in neurological gait disorders: differential contributions from clinical assessment, gait analysis, and daily-life mobility monitoring
Authors: Schniepp Roman , Huppert Anna , Decker Julian , Schenkel Fabian , Schlick Cornelia , Rasoul Atal , Dieterich Marianne , Brandt Thomas , Jahn Klaus , Wuehr Max
Published: March 2021

Objective

To evaluate the predictive validity of multimodal clinical assessment outcomes and quantitative measures of in- and off-laboratory mobility for fall-risk estimation in patients with different forms of neurological gait disorders.

Methods

The occurrence, severity, and consequences of falls were prospectively assessed for 6 months in 333 patients with early stage gait disorders due to vestibular, cerebellar, hypokinetic, vascular, functional, or other neurological diseases and 63 healthy controls. At inclusion, participants completed a comprehensive multimodal clinical and functional fall-risk assessment, an in-laboratory gait examination, and an inertial-sensor-based daily mobility monitoring for 14 days. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify explanatory characteristics for predicting the (1) the fall status (non-faller vs. faller), (2) the fall frequency (occasional vs. frequent falls), and (3) the fall severity (benign vs. injurious fall) of patients.

Results

40% of patients experienced one or frequent falls and 21% severe fall-related injuries during prospective fall assessment. Fall status and frequency could be reliably predicted (accuracy of 78 and 91%, respectively) primarily based on patients' retrospective fall status. Instrumented-based gait and mobility measures further improved prediction and provided independent, unique information for predicting the severity of fall-related consequences.

Interpretation

Falls- and fall-related injuries are a relevant health problem already in early stage neurological gait disorders. Multivariate regression analysis encourages a stepwise approach for fall assessment in these patients: fall history taking readily informs the clinician about patients' general fall risk. In patients at risk of falling, instrument-based measures of gait and mobility provide critical information on the likelihood of severe fall-related injuries.
Impact of residual stress evoked by pyramidal embossing on the magnetic material properties of non-oriented electrical steel
Authors: Gilch Ines , Neuwirth Tobias , Schauerte Benedikt , Leuning Nora , Sebold Simon , Hameyer Kay , Schulz Michael , Volk Wolfram
Published: March 2021

Targeted magnetic flux guidance in the rotor cross section of rotational electrical machines is crucial for the machine’s efficiency. Cutouts in the electrical steel sheets are integrated in the rotor sheets for magnetic flux guidance. These cutouts create thin structures in the rotor sheets which limit the maximum achievable rotational speed under centrifugal forces and the maximum energy density of the rotating electrical machine. In this paper, embossing-induced residual stress, employing the magneto-mechanical Villari effect, is studied as an innovative and alternative flux barrier design with negligible mechanical material deterioration. The overall objective is to replace cutouts by embossings, increasing the mechanical strength of the rotor. The identification of suitable embossing geometries, distributions and methodologies for the local introduction of residual stress is a major challenge. This paper examines finely distributed pyramidal embossings and their effect on the magnetic material behavior. The study is based on simulation and measurements of specimen with a single line of twenty embossing points performed with different punch forces. The magnetic material behavior is analyzed using neutron grating interferometry and a single sheet tester. Numerical examinations using finite element analysis and microhardness measurements provide a more detailed understanding of the interaction of residual stress distribution and magnetic material properties. The results reveal that residual stress induced by embossing affects magnetic material properties. Process parameters can be applied to adjust the magnetic material deterioration and the effect of magnetic flux guidance.
Begriffe und Modelle der Überflutungsanalyse
Authors: Maier Roman , Reinstaller Stefan , Muschalla Dirk
Published: March 2021

Niederschlagsinduzierte Überflutungen auf einer lokalen Skala erfahren in den letzten Jahren eine vermehrte Aufmerksamkeit. Vor allem im urbanen Raum ist in den letzten Jahren eine Vielzahl von Ereignissen mit erheblichen Schadenssummen aufgetreten. In der Fachdiskussion wird durch Klimawandel und Urbanisierung eine weitere Zunahme bezüglich Häufigkeit und Ausmaß dieser Ereignisse prognostiziert. Im deutschsprachigen Raum werden unterschiedliche Begriffe, teilweise in Abhängigkeit von den beteiligten Prozessen, benutzt. Neben der kurzen Darstellung der geläufigsten Fachbegriffe wird eine mögliche Klassifizierung vorgeschlagen. Für eine Überflutungsanalyse steht mittlerweile eine Vielzahl an ausgereiften Werkzeugen zur Verfügung. Eine hierarchische Darstellung der Modellansätze erlaubt eine der jeweiligen Aufgabe und dem jeweiligen Untersuchungsgebiet angepasste Auswahl der Modellansätze und eventuelle Kombination dieser. Dabei wird auf GIS-basierte Methoden zur Bestimmung der Fließwege an der Oberfläche, Zelluläre Automaten zur Bestimmung von Überflutungsflächen, 1D-hydrodynamische Kanalnetzmodelle, 2D-hydrodynamische Oberflächenabflussmodelle und gekoppelte 1D-2D-Überflutungsmodelle eingegangen.
The impact of parental risk factors on the risk of stroke in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ylinen Anni , Hägg-Holmberg Stefanie , Eriksson Marika I. , Forsblom Carol , Harjutsalo Valma , Putaala Jukka , Groop Per-Henrik , Thorn Lena M. ,   on behalf of the FinnDiane Study Group
Published: March 2021

Background

Individuals with type 1 diabetes have a markedly increased risk of stroke. In the general population, genetic predisposition has been linked to increased risk of stroke, but this has not been assessed in type 1 diabetes. Our aim was, therefore, to study how parental risk factors affect the risk of stroke in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Methods

This study represents an observational follow-up of 4011 individuals from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study, mean age at baseline 37.6 ± 11.9 years. All strokes during follow-up were verified from medical records or death certificates. The strokes were classified as either ischemic or hemorrhagic. All individuals filled out questionnaires concerning their parents’ medical history of hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and/or myocardial infarction.

Results

During a median follow-up of 12.4 (10.9–14.2) years, 188 individuals (4.6%) were diagnosed with their first ever stroke; 134 were ischemic and 54 hemorrhagic. In Cox regression analysis, a history of maternal stroke increased the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, hazard ratio 2.86 (95% confidence interval 1.27–6.44, p = 0.011) after adjustment for sex, age, BMI, retinal photocoagulation, and diabetic kidney disease. There was, however, no association between maternal stroke and ischemic stroke. No other associations between parental risk factors and ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke were observed.

Conclusion

A history of maternal stroke increases the risk of hemorrhagic stroke in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Other parental risk factors seem to have limited impact on the risk of stroke.
Geboren im falschen Körper?
Authors: Fuchs Martin
Published: March 2021

Kinder und Jugendliche, deren Geschlechtsempfinden von dem bei der Geburt festgelegten Zuweisungsgeschlecht abweicht und die unter ihren als nicht stimmig empfundenen Geschlechtsmerkmalen leiden, sind heute in der Öffentlichkeit, aber auch im medizinisch-therapeutischen Versorgungssystem wesentlich präsenter als noch vor einigen Jahren. Aufgrund sich daraus ergebender ethischer, rechtlicher, therapeutischer und nicht zuletzt auch medizinischer Herausforderungen wurden Behandlungsrichtlinien und Best-Practice-Modelle entwickelt. Diese kurze Übersichtsarbeit entstand anlässlich eines Vortrags im Rahmen der 3. Österreichischen Jahrestagung für Pädiatrische Psychosomatik am 04.10.2019 in Wien. Neben Begriffsdefinitionen sowie Möglichkeiten zur Klassifikation wird auf Daten zur Prävalenz eingegangen; abschließend werden verfügbare internationale sowie österreichische Behandlungsrichtlinien besprochen.
Vulvovaginal candidiasis and current perspectives: new risk factors and laboratory diagnosis by using MALDI TOF for identifying species in primary infection and recurrence
Authors: Pereira Lívia Custódio , Correia Amabel Fernandes , da Silva Zita Dinis Lopes , de Resende Ceres Nunes , Brandão Fabiana , Almeida Rosane Mansan , de Medeiros Nóbrega Yanna Karla
Published: March 2021

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), considered the second cause of genital infection among women, has pathogenic mechanisms still to be elucidated and unknown risk factors. Prevalence studies with laboratory diagnosis (at first diagnosis and recurrence) are uncommon, especially using MALDI TOF, used in this clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory study for evaluating candidiasis, and identifying unknown risk factors. To obtain clinical and epidemiological data, patients were questioned, and there was material collection. Samples collected were identified by using phenotypic and presumptive methods and confirmed by MALDI TOF. This study analyzed 278 patients, divided into symptomatic (n= 173) and asymptomatic (n= 105) groups. Regarding the main candidiasis symptoms (discharge, itching, and burning), only 50.3% of patients described these concomitant symptoms, showing a positive predictive value of 67.8%. Regarding the risk factors investigated, there was a statistical correlation between candidiasis and dairy products, gut transit, contraceptive use, respiratory allergy, and panty liners, describing new risk factors related to intestinal and vaginal dysbiosis. AfterCandidaspecies analysis and confirmation, the primary prevalence was 80.9% (Candida albicans), 15.2% (non-albicans), 1% (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa), and 1.9% (unidentified species). In recurrence, the prevalence was 66.7% (C.albicans) and 33.3% (non-albicans). The presence of symptoms has low positive predictive value for the diagnosis of candidiasis, even when considering the classic triad of symptoms. Laboratory identification of yeast species is essential for correct treatment, preventing the resistance to antifungals and the high recurrence. In addition, dairy products and bowel habits, both related to intestinal and vaginal dysbiosis, may be associated with VVC.
The prevalence of secondary neoplasms in acromegalic patients: possible preventive and/or protective role of metformin
Authors: Costa Denise , Ceccato Filippo , Lauretta Rosa , Mercuri Valeria , D’Amico Tania , De Vito Corrado , Scaroni Carla , Appetecchia Marialuisa , Gargiulo Patrizia
Published: March 2021

Background

Acromegaly is a rare disease due to chronic growth hormone (GH) excess and the consequent increase in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels. Both GH and IGF-1 play a role in intermediate metabolism affecting glucose homeostasis. The association between hyperinsulinemia/impaired glucose tolerance and an increased risk of cancer has been clarified. Insulin has a mitogenic effect through its interaction with the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) that also binds IGF-1. On the other hand, metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic drug that decreases serum levels of insulin and IGF-1, could have a protective role in the treatment of endocrine tumors.

Methods

A retrospective, observational, multicenter study in 197 acromegalic patients, receiving/not receiving metformin, was performed to assess whether the prevalence of neoplasms might be correlated with insulin resistance and could eventually be modified by metformin treatment.

Results

In general, the occurrence of secondary neoplasia among our patients was significantly (pV = 0.035) associated with a positive family history of malignancy and with disease duration; a trend towards significance was observed in patients aged > 50 years. Acromegalic subjects who had undergone surgery showed a lower probability of developing a malignant tumor, whereas a higher prevalence of malignancies was observed in obese patients. No significant statistical difference was found when comparing metformin-treated or -untreated subjects for the presence of a second tumor. More interestingly, a trend towards statistical significance (pV = 0.065) was demonstrated in the metformin-treated group for the onset of a benign neoplasm.

Conclusion

Metformin could act directly on tumor cell metabolism and may have an adjuvant role in benign lesion progression.
Genomic insights advance the fight against black rot of crucifers
Authors: Dubrow Zoë E. , Bogdanove Adam J.
Published: March 2021

Xanthomonas campestrispv. campestris, the causal agent of black rot of crucifers, was one of the first bacterial plant pathogens ever identified. Over 130 years later, black rot remains a threat to cabbage, cauliflower, and otherBrassicacrops around the world. Recent genomic and genetic data are informing our understanding ofX. campestristaxonomy, dissemination, inoculum sources, and virulence factors. This new knowledge promises to positively impact resistance breeding ofBrassicavarieties and management of inoculum sources.
Foliar application of defoliants after winter chill accumulation changes phytohormone dynamics and improves budbreak in blackberry under subtropical climatic conditions
Authors: Lin Syuan-You , Agehara Shinsuke
Published: March 2021

Inadequate winter chill causes poor budbreak in blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson), limiting the commercial production in the subtropics. In ‘Natchez’ blackberry, our previous study found that, under inadequate chilling conditions, urea and lime sulfur (LS) applied as defoliants before chill accumulation advanced budbreak but did not improve final budbreak. In this study, we applied the two defoliants at the end of chill accumulation and examined their effectiveness in breaking dormancy, with a hypothesis that it can be enhanced with increased exposure to chilling. Field experiments were conducted over two growing seasons under subtropical climatic conditions. ‘Natchez’ blackberry was sprayed with urea or LS at 10%. Both defoliants were effective in both advancing and maximizing budbreak. Final budbreak reached 42.6% to 76.8% in the defoliant treatments, compared with 27.1% to 31.6% in the control. Advanced budbreak by defoliants increased early season yield by 35% to 88%. Although not statistically significant, defoliants increased total-season yield by 19% to 56%, compared with the control. Phytohormone profiling revealed no changes in abscisic acid and gibberellic acid 4, but increasing trends in jasmonic acid and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) during budbreak. The LS treatment increased IAA accumulation by up to 377% compared with the control. These results suggest that urea and LS are highly effective dormancy-breaking agents for blackberry when applied after winter chill accumulation. These defoliants could be an important adaptation tool for subtropical blackberry production. Furthermore, increased IAA accumulation appears to be, at least in part, the mode of action for LS-induced budbreak.
Intercessory Rote Prayer, Life Longevity and the Mortality of Roman Catholic Bishops: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Banasik-Jemielniak Natalia , Jemielniak Dariusz , Pędzich Wojciech
Published: March 2021

Based on a computational analysis of a large dataset, this study explores if there is a significant longevity effect of intercessory prayer for a named individual’s well-being, if he receives a very high number of prayers per annum for an extended period. We relied on an observational cohort study, based on data from 1988 to 2018, including 857 Roman Catholic bishops, 500 Catholic priests, and 3038 male academics from six countries. We measured the covariance of the mean length of life, controlled for nationality. It was found that there is a main effect for occupation F(2, 4391) = 4.07, p = 0.017, ηp2 = 0.002, with pairwise comparisons indicating significant differences between the mean life duration of bishops (M = 30,489) and of priests (M = 29,894), but none between the academic teachers (M = 30,147) and either of the other groups. A comparison analysis between bishops from the largest and the smallest dioceses showed no significant difference t(67.31) = 1.61, p = 0.11. The first analysis proved that bishops live longer than priests, but due to a marginal effect size this result should be treated with caution. No difference was found between the mean length of life of bishops from the largest and the smallest dioceses.
Assessing the quality of the excess chemical potential flux scheme for degenerate semiconductor device simulation
Authors: Abdel Dilara , Farrell Patricio , Fuhrmann Jürgen
Published: March 2021

The van Roosbroeck system models current flows in (non-)degenerate semiconductor devices. Focusing on the stationary model, we compare the excess chemical potential discretization scheme, a flux approximation which is based on a modification of the drift term in the current densities, with another state-of-the-art Scharfetter–Gummel scheme, namely the diffusion-enhanced scheme. Physically, the diffusion-enhanced scheme can be interpreted as a flux approximation which modifies the thermal voltage. As a reference solution we consider an implicitly defined integral flux, using Blakemore statistics. The integral flux refers to the exact solution of a local two point boundary value problem for the continuous current density and can be interpreted as a generalized Scharfetter–Gummel scheme. All numerical discretization schemes can be used within a Voronoi finite volume method to simulate charge transport in (non-)degenerate semiconductor devices. The investigation includes the analysis of Taylor expansions, a derivation of error estimates and a visualization of errors in local flux approximations to extend previous discussions. Additionally, drift-diffusion simulations of a p–i–n device are performed.
Valuation of the EQ-5D-3L in Russia
Authors: Omelyanovskiy Vitaly , Musina Nuriya , Ratushnyak Svetlana , Bezdenezhnykh Tatiana , Fediaeva Vlada , Roudijk Bram , Purba Fredrick Dermawan
Published: March 2021

Purpose

The most widely used generic questionnaire to estimate the quality of life for yielding quality-adjusted life years in economic evaluations is EQ-5D. Country-specific population value sets are required to use EQ-5D in economic evaluations. The aim of this study was to establish an EQ-5D-3L value set for Russia.

Methods

A representative sample aged 18+ years was recruited from the Russia`s general population. Computer-assisted face–to–face interviews were conducted based on the standardized valuation protocol using EQ-Portable Valuation Technology. Population preferences were elicited utilizing both composite time trade-off (cTTO) and discrete choice experiment (DCE) techniques. To estimate the value set, a hybrid regression model combining cTTO and DCE data was used.

Results

A total of 300 respondents who successfully completed the interview were included in the primary analysis. 120 (40.0%) respondents reported no health problems of any dimension, and 56 (18.7%) reported moderate health problems in one dimension of the EQ‐5D‐3L. Median self-rated health using EQ‐VAS was 80 with IQR 70–90. Comparing cTTO and DCE-predicted values for 243 health states resulted in a similar pattern. This supports the use of hybrid models. The predicted value based on the preferred model for the worst health state “33333” was −0.503. Mobility dimension had the most significant impact on the utility decrement, and anxiety/depression had the lowest decrement.

Conclusion

Determining a Russian national value set may be considered the first step towards promoting cost-utility analysis use to increase comparability among studies and improve the transferability of healthcare decision-making in Russia.
Populism and the double liberalism: exploring the links
Authors: Joppke Christian
Published: March 2021

The rise of populism in the West is often depicted as opposition to a “double liberalism”, which is economic and cultural in tandem. In this optic, neoliberalism and multiculturalism are allied under a common liberal regime that prescribes “openness”, while populism rallies against both under the flag of “closure”. This paper questions the central assumptions of this scenario: first, that neoliberalism and multiculturalism are allies; and, secondly, that populism is equally opposed to neoliberalism and to multiculturalism. With respect to the alliance hypothesis, it is argued that only a diluted version of multiculturalism, in terms of diversity and antidiscrimination, is compatible with neoliberalism, which also needs to be sharply distinguished from liberalism. With respect to the dual opposition hypothesis, it is argued that the economic inequalities generated by neoliberalism may objectively condition populist revolts, but that these inequalities are not centrally apprehended and addressed in their programs; furthermore, it is argued that the rejection of multiculturalism indeed is central to populist mobilization, but that the two have important things in common, not least that both are variants of identity politics, if incompatible ones.
Who benefits from SMEs’ radical innovations?—empirical evidence from German biotechnology
Authors: Shkolnykova Mariia , Kudic Muhamed
Published: March 2021

We analyze transfer channels of radical innovations launched by small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) using an ego network approach. Based on a unique longitudinal dataset covering the observation period 1996–2016, we identify and trace back radical innovations of SMEs in German Biotech in order to analyze the extent to which SMEs themselves—or eventually also other organizations in their direct cooperation surrounding—benefit from radical innovations in terms of subsequent innovation performance. Results from negative binomial panel regressions indicate that direct cooperation partners of radical innovators show higher innovative performance than partners of the control group, i.e., statistical twin firms without radical innovations. Our results confirm that radical innovations initiate a positive impulse for innovation through direct cooperative relationships. Interestingly, geographical proximity does not play a role, and especially technologically different partners benefit from direct cooperation with radical innovators.

Plain English Summary Radical innovations are rare but have a great importance for the economy. Our study shows that not only radically innovating biotech SMEs themselves but also various types of directly linked cooperation partners benefit significantly. We investigate whether directly linked cooperation partners of radically innovating firms benefit from knowledge spillover transferred through formal cooperation. A radical innovation represents a novel and often complex combination of already existing knowledge. Thus, knowledge transfer process differs for radical and non-radical innovations. Project-based formal cooperation can support the transfer of radical knowledge. In this context geographical and technological factors matter. Using the example of German small and medium-sized biotechnology firms, we show that collaboration with radical firms is positively related to innovation performance of directly linked project partners. Interestingly, this effect is higher for partners located in other regions as well as for technologically distant partners. Our study extends the research on knowledge transfer by emphasizing the role of formal collaboration projects, especially in knowledge intensive high-tech industries.
Prevalence of Problem Gambling Among Women Using Shelter and Drop-in Services
Authors: Matheson Flora I. , Dastoori Parisa , Hahmann Tara , Woodhall-Melnik Julia , Guilcher Sara J. T. , Hamilton-Wright Sarah
Published: March 2021

People experiencing poverty/homelessness have higher rates of problematic gambling than the general population. Yet, research on gambling among this population is sparse, notably among women. This study examined prevalence of problematic gambling among women using shelter and drop-in services in Ontario, Canada. The NORC Diagnostic Screen for Disorders was administered to women during visits to 15 sites using time/location methodology. Within a sample of 162 women, the prevalence of at-risk (6.2%), problem (9.3%), and pathological gambling (19.1%) was higher than the general population. Among women who scored at-risk or higher, 55.4% met criteria for pathological gambling. The findings suggest that women seeking shelter and drop-in services are vulnerable to problematic gambling. Creating awareness of this vulnerability within the shelter and drop-in service sector is an important first step to support women with gambling problems who face financial and housing precarity.
Was hält Frauen von beruflichen Positionen fern? Ein faktorieller Survey zum Einfluss der Gestaltung einer Stellenausschreibung auf deren Attraktivitätseinschätzung
Authors: Damelang Andreas , Rückel Ann-Katrin
Published: March 2021

Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation produziert und reproduziert soziale Ungleichheit zwischen den Geschlechtern. Vor diesem Hintergrund steht in diesem Artikel die Wahrnehmung von Stellenausschreibungen im Fokus. Wenn Frauen einzelne Merkmale einer Stellenausschreibung für mehr oder weniger attraktiv halten, kann dies zur beruflichen Geschlechtersegregation beitragen. Wir fragen, wie sowohl die sprachliche Gestaltung einer Stellenausschreibung als auch die im Rahmen einer Stellenausschreibung genannten Merkmale einer Arbeitsstelle die Attraktivitätseinschätzung dieser Stelle für Frauen beeinflussen. Im Rahmen eines faktoriellen Surveys werden 224 weiblichen Erwerbstätigen im Alter von 25–40 Jahren hypothetische Stellenausschreibungen vorgelegt, welche sich hinsichtlich verschiedener Dimensionen unterscheiden und auf ihre Attraktivität hin eingeschätzt werden sollen. Die kausalen Effekte der Vignettendimensionen werden in einem Mehrebenenmodell geschätzt und zeigen, dass flexible Arbeitszeiten die bedeutsamste Größe sind. Des Weiteren üben stereotyp weibliche Formulierungen und gendersensible Positionsbezeichnungen im Vergleich zu rein maskuliner Ansprache einen positiven Einfluss auf die Bewertung einer Stellenausschreibung aus. Zudem sind weibliche Rollenvorbilder relevant.
The Most Common Mistake in Laryngeal Pathology and How to Avoid it
Authors: Heidarian Amin , Wenig Bruce M.
Published: March 2021

Upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) spindle cell squamous carcinoma (SCSC), also known as sarcomatoid carcinoma, is a high-grade subtype of conventional squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that is histologically characterized by a combination of differentiated SCC in the form of intraepithelial dysplasia and/or invasive differentiated SCC, and the presence of an invasive (submucosal) undifferentiated malignant spindle-shaped and pleomorphic (epithelioid) cell component. Typically, SCSC presents as a superficial polypoid mass not infrequently with surface ulceration precluding identification of an intraepithelial dysplasia. Further, in many cases an invasive differentiated SCC is not identified. Adding to the complexity in such cases, is that immunohistochemical staining in a significant minority of cases is negative for epithelial-related markers but often the cells express mesenchymal-related markers. In such cases, differentiating SCSC from a reactive (benign) spindle cell proliferation or a mucosal-based sarcoma can be problematic, with treatment implications. Herein, we detail the clinical and pathologic features of laryngeal SCSC and discuss the rationale for diagnosing a carcinoma and avoiding a diagnosis of sarcoma. In our experience, such cases represent one of the more common mistakes made in laryngeal pathology. Yet, virtually all such lesions are SCSCs. The treatment and prognosis relies on the accuracy of this distinction.
Forgotten publications by Alfred William Bennett and their effect on the nomenclature of some Asian Simaroubaceae species
Authors: Turner I. M.
Published: March 2021

Attention is drawn to some forgotten papers published by Alfred William Bennett relevant to the taxonomy of Asian angiosperms. Three binomials in Simaroubaceae, were published by Bennett in a paper in thePharmaceutical Journal and Transactionsearlier than in current listings. Lectotypes are designated forBrucea mollis,Eurycoma apiculata,Picrasma javanicaandP. andamanica.
Physiological Impact of Afterload Reduction on Cardiac Mechanics and Coronary Hemodynamics Following Isosorbide Dinitrate Administration in Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Patterson Tiffany , Rivolo Simone , Burkhoff Daniel , Schreuder Jan , Briceno Natalia , Allen Christopher , Williams Rupert , Arri Satpal , Asrress Kaleab N. , Joseph Jubin , McConkey Hannah Z. R. , Ellis Howard , Pavlidis Antonis , Clapp Brian , Perera Divaka , Lee Jack , Marber Michael S. , Redwood Simon R.
Published: March 2021

Understanding the cardiac-coronary interaction is fundamental to developing treatment strategies for ischemic heart disease. We sought to examine the impact of afterload reduction following isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) administration on LV properties and coronary hemodynamics to further our understanding of the cardiac-coronary interaction. Novel methodology enabled real-time simultaneous acquisition and analysis of coronary and LV hemodynamics in vivo using coronary pressure-flow wires (used to derive coronary wave energies) and LV pressure-volume loop assessment. ISDN administration resulted in afterload reduction, reduced myocardial demand, and increased mechanical efficiency (all P<0.01). Correlations were demonstrated between the forward compression wave (FCW) and arterial elastance (r=0.6) following ISDN. In the presence of minimal microvascular resistance, coronary blood flow velocity exhibited an inverse relationship with LV elastance. In summary this study demonstrated a reduction in myocardial demand with ISDN, an inverse relationship between coronary blood flow velocity and LV contraction-relaxation and a direct correlation between FCW and arterial elastance.

Graphical abstract

The pressure volume-loop and corresponding parameters b The pressure volume loop before (solid line) and after (broken line) Isosorbide dintrate
Choosing how to discriminate: navigating ethical trade-offs in fair algorithmic design for the insurance sector
Authors: Loi Michele , Christen Markus
Published: March 2021

Here, we provide an ethical analysis of discrimination in private insurance to guide the application of non-discriminatory algorithms for risk prediction in the insurance context. This addresses the need for ethical guidance of data-science experts, business managers, and regulators, proposing a framework of moral reasoning behind the choice of fairness goals for prediction-based decisions in the insurance domain. The reference to private insurance as a business practice is essential in our approach, because the consequences of discrimination and predictive inaccuracy in underwriting are different from those of using predictive algorithms in other sectors (e.g., medical diagnosis, sentencing). Here we focus on the trade-off in the extent to which one can pursue indirect non-discrimination versus predictive accuracy. The moral assessment of this trade-off is related to the context of application—to the consequences of inaccurate risk predictions in the insurance domain.
Correction to: Sharing the Power of White Privilege to Catalyze Positive Change in Academic Medicine
Authors: Rodríguez José E. , Tumin Dmitry , Campbell Kendall M.
Published: March 2021

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-021-01002-x
Correction to: Orbit insertion strategy of Hayabusa2’s rover with large release uncertainty around the asteroid Ryugu
Authors: Oki Yusuke , Yoshikawa Kent , Takeuchi Hiroshi , Kikuchi Shota , Ikeda Hitosi , Scheeres Daniel J. , McMahon Jay W. , Kawaguchi Junichiro , Takei Yuto , Mimasu Yuya , Ogawa Naoko , Ono Go , Terui Fuyuto , Yamada Manabu , Kouyama Toru , Kameda Shingo , Yoshida Kazuya , Nagaoka Kenji , Yoshimitsu Tetsuo , Saiki Takanao , Tsuda Yuichi
Published: March 2021

The article “Orbit insertion strategy of Hayabusa2’s rover with large release uncertainty around the asteroid Ryugu” written by Yusuke Oki, Kent Yoshikawa, Hiroshi Takeuchi et al., was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 05 November 2020 without open access. After publication in Volume 4, Issue 4, page 309–329, the author(s) decided to opt for Open Choice and to make the article an open access publication. Therefore, the copyright of the article has been changed to © The Author(s) 2020 and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Addressing physical health in mental illness: the urgent need to translate evidence-based interventions into routine clinical practice
Authors: O’Donoghue B.
Published: March 2021

People affected by severe mental health disorders have a greatly reduced life expectancy compared to their non-affected peers. Cardiovascular disease is the main contributor to this early mortality, caused by higher rates of smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, sleep disturbance, excessive alcohol use or substance abuse and medication side effects. Therefore, we need to take a preventative approach and translate effective interventions for physical health into routine clinical practice. These interventions should be delivered across all stages of mental health disorders and could also have the added benefit of leading to improvements in mental health. Furthermore, we need to advocate to ensure that people affected by severe mental health disorders receive the appropriate medical assessments and treatments when indicated. This themed issue highlights that physical health is now an urgent priority for funding and development in mental health services. The widespread implementation of evidence-based interventions into routine clinical practice is an essential need for consideration by clinicians and policymakers.
Development and validation of the preschool peer bullying scale-teacher form
Authors: Besnili Zeynep Nur , Tanrikulu Ibrahim
Published: March 2021

Based on labelling theory, the Preschool Peer Bullying Scale-Teacher Form (PPBS-Teacher Form) was developed, and its validity and reliability were tested in this current study. There were 279 Turkish preschool teachers (96% females) in the preliminary study sample. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted with the data from the preliminary study sample, revealing 14 items with two factors, named as physical-relational bullying and verbal bullying. There were 247 Turkish preschool teachers (97% females) in the cross-validation study sample. Confirmatory factor analyses were carried out with the data from the cross-validation study sample, revealing adequate fit to the data. The internal consistency coefficients were high for the two study samples. Hence, the PPBS-Teacher Form is a valid and reliable measurement instrument to assess preschool peer bullying without labelling students as bullies or victims. The PPBS-Teacher Form aims to contribute to the extant research on early childhood bullying by attracting attention to the risks of labelling preschool students as bullies or victims. Practical implications are discussed for school counsellors and psychologists, parents and researchers.
Changes in food intake from 1999 to 2012 among Mexican children and women
Authors: Reyes-Garcia Alan , Stern Dalia , Rivera-Dommarco Juan , Batis Carolina
Published: March 2021

Previous studies have shown that intake of sugary drinks in Mexico has increased, while intake of whole milk has decreased. Yet, in-depth analyses of the changes in solid foods, overall and in specific generations and urban/rural subpopulation, are scarce. We aimed to analyse changes in solid foods intake in Mexican children, adolescent girls and adult women through a single 24-h dietary recall from the Mexican Nutrition Survey 1999 (n 5627) and 2012 (n 6712). Foods were classified into twenty-two healthy and unhealthy food groups without considering beverages. We estimated the crude and adjusted change in the energy contribution of solid foods by age group and birth cohort and tested if the changes differed by urban/rural area. The contribution of fruits, vegetables and unsweetened dairy increased, while sweet bread from bakery decreased. However, the total contribution of healthy food groups (67–70 % kj in 1999) decreased −4·3 and −7·2 percentage points (pp) (P < 0·05) among children and adolescents, respectively, but only −1·7 pp (P > 0·05) among adult women. Likewise, those born in 1980–1984 changed little in comparison with those born in 1993–1997, and there were greater increases in unhealthy foods in urban compared with rural areas. In conclusion, from 1999 to 2012, there were negative changes in the intake of foods, specifically healthy foods, which mainly affected Mexican youth. These findings, along with previous reports on the increased intake of sugary drinks in the same population, that emphasise the need to reinforce strategies aimed at improving dietary intake of the Mexican population need to be reinforced.
Relationship between seaweeds consumption and hyperuricaemia in general adults: a Population-based study from the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) cohort study
Authors: Zhang Tingjing , Wang Yawen , Gu Yeqing , Meng Ge , Zhang Qing , Liu Li , Wu Hongmei , Zhang Shunming , Wang Xuena , Sun Shaomei , Wang Xing , Zhou Ming , Jiao Huanli , Jia Qiyu , Song Kun , Wu Yuntang , Wu Xiao-Hui , Niu Kaijun
Published: March 2021

Seaweeds have numerous biologically active ingredients, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols and carotenoids, that are beneficial to human health. Although these benefits might be related to the synthesis, secretion or reabsorption of uric acid, no studies have explored the relationship between seaweeds consumption and hyperuricaemia (HUA) in the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate whether seaweeds consumption is related to HUA in a large-scale adult population. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 32 365 adults (17 328 men and 15 037 women) in Tianjin, People’s Republic of China. Frequency of seaweeds consumption was assessed by a validated self-administered FFQ. HUA was defined as serum uric acid levels >420 μmol/L in men and >350 μmol/L in women. The association between seaweeds consumption and HUA was assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Restricted cubic spline functions were used for non-linearity tests. The prevalence of HUA in men and women was 21·17 % and 5·93 %, respectively. After adjustments for potential confounding factors, the OR (95 % CI) for HUA across seaweed consumption (g/1000 kcal per d) were 1·00 (reference) for level 1, 0·91 (95 % CI 0·81, 1·02) for level 2; 0·90 (95 % CI 0·81, 1·01) for level 3; 0·86 (95 % CI 0·78, 0·97) for level 4 in men and 0·90 (95 % CI 0·73, 1·10) for level 2; 0·82 (95 % CI 0·67, 1·00) for level 3; 0·84 (95 % CI 0·68, 1·03) for level 4 in women, respectively. A negative correlation between seaweeds consumption and HUA in males but not in females was observed. Further studies are needed to explore the causal relationship.
The politics of the Hajj organisation in Senegal: security, legitimation and clientelism
Authors: Jourde Cédric , Brossier Marie , Gomez-Perez Muriel
Published: March 2021

This article analyses how the state in Senegal has managed the hajj since the liberalisation era in the early 2000s. Although the essence of the hajj is religious, it is also deeply political and requires that the state manages complex relations with pilgrims, religious leaders, private travel agencies, politicians and Saudi authorities. This article argues that three inter-related imperatives structure the conduct of the Senegalese state: a security imperative, a legitimation imperative, and a clientelistic imperative. Security concerns lead the state to monitor and control pilgrims travelling to Mecca. Legitimation is seen in the collaborative relations with Sûfi orders and in the framing of the hajj organisation as a ‘public service’. Finally, given the magnitude of financial and symbolic resources attached to the hajj, clientelistic relations are constitutive of state officials’ actions. Overall, despite the post-2000 liberalisation of the hajj, the state has maintained its role as a gatekeeper, regulator and supervisor.
Unravelling the adoption of youth quotas in African hybrid regimes: evidence from Morocco
Authors: de Paredes Marta Garcia , Desrues Thierry
Published: March 2021

Parliamentary youth quotas have been adopted by nine countries, mainly African autocracies. They have also attracted the attention of international organisations, which consider them indicators of democratic progress. Why were these quotas adopted? This article challenges the long-standing regime survival thesis by explaining quota adoption as the result of the convergent strategies of actors placed inside and outside the regime. It also provides new theoretical arguments that point to the transformation of representative linkages in hybrid regimes and shows how this is justified in the light of empirical evidence grounded on qualitative methodology and extensive fieldwork. By connecting the broader historical and socio-political context where youth quotas emerged – Africa – to the micro-level processes of quota adoption – based on the Moroccan case – this article provides a dynamic picture of how political representation is claimed and mobilised in contemporary Africa while shedding some light on the inclusive limits of quota policies.
Karl Barth's ontology of holy scripture revisited
Authors: Xu Ximian
Published: March 2021

This paper seeks to examine Barth's ontology of holy scripture by appropriating the latest nomenclatural analysis of Barth's usage of Wesen and Sein. Given the difference between the Wesen and the Sein of the Bible, and the claim that the Sein-in-becoming of the Bible is determined by its Wesen-in-act, it follows that for Barth the Bible is ontologically the Word of God in the sense of Wesen, which underlies the Bible's becoming the Word of God in the sense of Sein. In short, the Bible ontologically becomes the Word of God in the sense of Sein because the Bible is the Word of God in the sense of Wesen.
Between God and the world: a critical appraisal of the sophiology of Sergius Bulgakov
Authors: May Richard
Published: March 2021

The sophiology of Sergius Bulgakov has exerted a significant amount of influence over Anglophone theology over the last decade. Theological figures as significant as Rowan Williams, John Milbank and Paul Fiddes, to name but a few, have positively engaged with and utilised Bulgakov's sophiology within their own theological contributions. Thus, for many, Bulgakov's sophiology has proven to be a fecund source of theological inspiration, especially when articulating the relationship between God and the world. However, historically, Bulgakov's sophiology has been criticised by many Orthodox theologians, who argue that Bulgakov's proposals are theologically flawed and challenge traditional orthodox readings of Christian doctrine. Despite the controversy surrounding Bulgakov's use of Sophia, very few comprehensive, critical studies of Bulgakov's sophiology, spanning its historical development, exist. This article seeks to fill this void at a time when Bulgakov's sophiology is enthusiastically adopted by many without an accompanying critical lens.
Short-Term Health Policy Responses to Crisis and Uncertainty
Authors: HORNUNG JOHANNA , BANDELOW NILS C.
Published: March 2021

The onset of the economic crisis more than a decade ago posed extreme challenges to health care systems that may now be repeated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The resulting policies produced a wide range of (in some cases, even opposite) outcomes: increased or decreased public expenditures for health care. Curiously, however, countries that were considered particularly hard hit by the economic crisis showed different extremes of policy outcomes. Investigating these developments requires a dynamic view and identifying explanations for government action in one direction or the other. Using the lenses of several theoretical perspectives in public policy research, this article analyses the conditions under which public health expenditures changed in European Union member states after the financial crisis. Why did certain countries, at first sight similarly affected, show opposite outcomes? A Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) confirms that left-wing governments and coordinated market economies, in combination and alone, tended to increase public health expenditures in the short term, whereas countries where neither of these conditions was present decreased public health expenditures.
The Republic at the Table, with Decolonisation on the Agenda: The United Nations Security Council and the Question of Indonesian Representation, 1946–1947
Authors: Foray Jennifer L.
Published: March 2021

This article examines a formative episode in the history of both the United Nations Security Council and Indonesian decolonisation. In August of 1947, Council members authorised an ad hoc delegation from the Republic of Indonesia to participate in its discussions concerning the ongoing Dutch–Indonesian conflict. Focusing on the series of developments that led to the Indonesians taking their seats at the table, this article reveals how Security Council procedures and practices could be used to facilitate the decolonisation process. The Council's involvement in the Dutch–Indonesian conflict—and, in particular, the decision to allow the Indonesians to present their case in this international arena—demonstrates that Europeans’ claims of “domestic jurisdiction” over their colonial territories remained subject to negotiation, and that non-European actors could successfully contest these claims in Council chambers.
Early Modern English Borders: Homogeneity and Heterogeneity
Authors: Chen Boyi
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the process of English border-formation in Wales, Ireland, Scotland and around the Channel Islands, including efforts of the English government in border formation, and the local identities of borderlands. I evaluate political considerations, as well as examining social and cultural resonances to show that the English historical border was formed as part of the consolidation of state and nation in terms of Wales, Scotland, Ireland and the Channel Islands. I argue that border ‘building’ was not always smooth, or to be taken for granted in terms of state-building. The borderlands of the English state have manifested both a homogeneity and heterogeneity in the four regions, each with four particular forms or tendencies in their deep structures: homogeneity, from homogeneity to heterogeneity, from heterogeneity to homogeneity, and heterogeneity. In the article, I use homogeneity to refer to the status of the acculturational tendency, while using heterogeneity to refer to a deviation of the interaction between the English state and other states or nations. This article touches upon a topic not restricted to the British case, but relevant worldwide: the construction of borders in the context of the fundamental conflict between a ‘nation’, which is to say a culturally and often linguistically distinctive entity, and a ‘state’.