bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Table S2 from Efficacy and Safety of Adagrasib plus Cetuximab in Patients with KRASG12C-Mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yaeger Rona , Uboha Nataliya V. , Pelster Meredith S. , Bekaii-Saab Tanios S. , Barve Minal , Saltzman Joel , Sabari Joshua K. , Peguero Julio A. , Paulson Andrew Scott , Jänne Pasi A. , Cruz-Correa Marcia , Anderes Kenna , Velastegui Karen , Yan Xiaohong , Der-Torossian Hirak , Klempner Samuel J. , Kopetz Scott E.
Published: August 2024

Table S2. Demographics and baseline characteristics of patients with KRASG12C-mutated unresectable or metastatic CRC receiving adagrasib monotherapy.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Efficacy and Safety of Adagrasib plus Cetuximab in Patients with KRASG12C-Mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yaeger Rona , Uboha Nataliya V. , Pelster Meredith S. , Bekaii-Saab Tanios S. , Barve Minal , Saltzman Joel , Sabari Joshua K. , Peguero Julio A. , Paulson Andrew Scott , Jänne Pasi A. , Cruz-Correa Marcia , Anderes Kenna , Velastegui Karen , Yan Xiaohong , Der-Torossian Hirak , Klempner Samuel J. , Kopetz Scott E.
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Figure S1. Changes from baseline in sum of target lesion diameters over time for patients continuing treatment after progression, either with adagrasib plus cetuximab (n = 38), adagrasib only (n = 10), or cetuximab only (n = 1). Only patients with available post-progression scans are included in the plot (n = 33 for adagrasib plus cetuximab; n = 1 for adagrasib only).
Repurposing NAMPT Inhibitors for Germinal Center B Cell–Like Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Scuoppo Claudio , Cai Bowen , Ofori Kenneth , Scholze Hanna , Kumar Rahul , D’Alessandro Angelo , Basso Katia , Pasqualucci Laura , Dalla-Favera Riccardo
Published: August 2024

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) includes the activated B cell–like (ABC) and germinal center B cell–like (GCB) subtypes, which differ in cell of origin, genetics, and clinical response. By screening the subtype-specific activity of 211 drugs approved or in active clinical development for other diseases, we identified inhibitors of nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPTi) as active in a subset of GCB-DLBCL in vitro and in vivo. We validated three chemically distinct NAMPTis for their on-target activity based on biochemical and genetic rescue approaches and found the ratio between NAMPT and PARP1 RNA levels was predictive of NAMPTi sensitivity across DLBCL subtypes. Notably, the NAMPT:PARP1 transcript ratio predicts higher antitumor activity in BCL2-translocated GCB-DLBCL. Accordingly, pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of BCL2 was potently synergistic with NAMPT blockade. These data support the inhibition of NAMPT as a therapeutically relevant strategy for BCL2-translocated DLBCLs.

Significance: Targeted therapies have emerged for the ABC subtype of DLBCL, but not for the GCB subtype, despite the evidence of a significant subset of high-risk cases. We identify a drug that specifically targets a subset of GCB-DLBCL and provide preclinical evidence for BCL2 translocations as biomarkers for their identification.
ANGPTL4 Suppresses Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma via Inhibition of Lysosomal Acid Lipase
Authors: Jin Zeng , De Umasankar , Tithi Tanzia Islam , Kleberg Jeremy , Nataraj Akhila , Jolley Elena , Carelock Madison E. , Davies Brandon S. , Zhang Weizhou , Kolb Ryan
Published: August 2024

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most common form of kidney cancer, is a heterogeneous disease with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) being the most prevalent and aggressive subtype. While most ccRCC tumors have elevated expression of angiopoietin-like4 (ANGPTL4), in our study we identified a significant subset of patients whose cancers show no increase in ANGPTL4 expression. These patients have a worse prognosis compared to the patients with high expression of ANGPTL4. These ANGPTL4-low cancers are characterized by the increased frequency of wild-type Von Hippel-Lindau(WT VHL), a gene that is commonly mutated in ccRCC, and an enrichment for genes associated with lipid metabolism. Using RCC tumor models with WT VHL, we demonstrate that ANGPTL4 behaves as a tumor suppressor. The loss of ANGPTL4 in ccRCC cell lines results in increased tumor growth and colony formation in a lysosomal acid lipase (LAL)-dependent manner, a phenotype rescued by the expression of N-terminus ANGPTL4. At the mechanistic level, the loss of ANGPTL4 increases LAL activity in ccRCC cells. These data suggest that ANGPTL4 enacts its tumor-suppressive effects in ccRCC by regulating LAL activity. Importantly, the identified patient cohort with low ANGPTL4 expression may exhibit increased reliance on lipid metabolism, which can be a point of target for future therapy.

Significance:

Our data indicate angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) acts as a tumor suppressor in clear cell renal cell carcinoma via regulating lipid metabolism and identifies a cohort of patients with lower expression of ANGPTL4 that are correlated with shorter survival.
SSc-ILD: Frau oder Mann erkrankt – macht es einen Unterschied?
Authors: Polke Markus
Published: August 2024

Objective: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. We aimed to investigate the impact of sex on SSc-ILD. Methods: EUSTAR SSc patients with radiologically confirmed ILD and available percentage predicted forced vital capacity (%pFVC) were included. Demographics and disease features were recorded. A change in %pFVC over 12 months (S.D. 6) (cohort 1) was classified into stable (≤4%), mild (5–9%) and large progression (≥10%). In those with 2-year longitudinal %pFVC (cohort 2), the %pFVC change at each 12-month (S.D. 6) interval was calculated. Logistic regression analyses [odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI] and Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age and %pFVC were applied. Results: A total of 1136 male and 5253 female SSc-ILD patients were identified. Males were significantly younger, had a shorter disease duration, had a higher prevalence of CRP elevation and frequently had diffuse cutaneous involvement. In cohort 1 (1655 females and 390 males), a higher percentage of males had stable ILD (74.4% vs 69.4%, P = 0.056). In multivariable analysis, disease duration and %pFVC [OR 0.99 (95% CI 0.98, 0.99) and OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.95, 0.99), respectively] in males and age, %pFVC and anti-centromere [OR 1.02 (95% CI 1.00, 1.04), OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.96, 0.98) and OR 0.39 (95% CI 0.245, 0.63), respectively] in females were associated with large progression. The 1-year mortality rate was higher in males (5.1% vs 2.5%, P = 0.013). In cohort 2 (849 females and 209 males), a higher percentage of females showed periods of large progression (11.7% vs 7.7%, P = 0.023), the percentage of patients with none, one or two periods of worsening was not different. The overall death rate was 30.9% for males and 20.4% in females (P < 0.001). In the survival analysis, male sex was a predictor of mortality [OR 1.95 (95% CI 1.66, 2.28)]. Conclusions: Male SSc-ILD patients have a poorer prognosis and sex-specific predictors exist in SSc-ILD.
Human Visual Pathways for Action Recognition versus Deep Convolutional Neural Networks: Representation Correspondence in Late but Not Early Layers
Authors: Peng Yujia , Gong Xizi , Lu Hongjing , Fang Fang
Published: August 2024

Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have attained human-level performance for object categorization and exhibited representation alignment between network layers and brain regions. Does such representation alignment naturally extend to other visual tasks beyond recognizing objects in static images? In this study, we expanded the exploration to the recognition of human actions from videos and assessed the representation capabilities and alignment of two-stream DCNNs in comparison with brain regions situated along ventral and dorsal pathways. Using decoding analysis and representational similarity analysis, we show that DCNN models do not show hierarchical representation alignment to human brain across visual regions when processing action videos. Instead, later layers of DCNN models demonstrate greater representation similarities to the human visual cortex. These findings were revealed for two display formats: photorealistic avatars with full-body information and simplified stimuli in the point-light display. The discrepancies in representation alignment suggest fundamental differences in how DCNNs and the human brain represent dynamic visual information related to actions.
The serotonergic psychedelic N,N-dipropyltryptamine alters information-processing dynamics in in vitro cortical neural circuits
Authors: Varley Thomas F. , Havert Daniel , Fosque Leandro , Alipour Abolfazl , Weerawongphrom Naruepon , Naganobori Hiroki , O’Shea Lily , Pope Maria , Beggs John
Published: August 2024

Most of the recent work in psychedelic neuroscience has been done using noninvasive neuroimaging, with data recorded from the brains of adult volunteers under the influence of a variety of drugs. While these data provide holistic insights into the effects of psychedelics on whole-brain dynamics, the effects of psychedelics on the mesoscale dynamics of neuronal circuits remain much less explored. Here, we report the effects of the serotonergic psychedelic N,N-diproptyltryptamine (DPT) on information-processing dynamics in a sample of in vitro organotypic cultures of cortical tissue from postnatal rats. Three hours of spontaneous activity were recorded: an hour of predrug control, an hour of exposure to 10-μM DPT solution, and a final hour of washout, once again under control conditions. We found that DPT reversibly alters information dynamics in multiple ways: First, the DPT condition was associated with a higher entropy of spontaneous firing activity and reduced the amount of time information was stored in individual neurons. Second, DPT also reduced the reversibility of neural activity, increasing the entropy produced and suggesting a drive away from equilibrium. Third, DPT altered the structure of neuronal circuits, decreasing the overall information flow coming into each neuron, but increasing the number of weak connections, creating a dynamic that combines elements of integration and disintegration. Finally, DPT decreased the higher order statistical synergy present in sets of three neurons. Collectively, these results paint a complex picture of how psychedelics regulate information processing in mesoscale neuronal networks in cortical tissue. Implications for existing hypotheses of psychedelic action, such as the entropic brain hypothesis, are discussed.
Dynamic patterns of the disruptive and consolidating knowledge flows in Nobel-winning scientific breakthroughs
Authors: Yang Alex J. , Deng Sanhong
Published: August 2024

Scientific breakthroughs possess the transformative potential to reshape research trajectories and scientific paradigms. However, there is limited systematic evidence on how these breakthroughs influence the evolution of scientific knowledge. Building on the concepts of disruption and consolidation in science, we categorize forward-citing papers into two distinct categories: Disruptive Citing Papers (DCP) and Consolidating Citing Papers (CCP). Analyzing the dynamic patterns of DCP and CCP in Nobel Prize–winning papers, we find that in the early postpublication phase, scientific breakthroughs generate more consolidating citations than disruptive citations. Additionally, CCP in this early phase demonstrate higher scientific impact. However, in the long-term phase, scientific breakthroughs generate more disruptive citations, with DCP often involving larger and more diverse teams. Linguistic analysis also uncovers nuanced differences between CCP and DCP. Furthermore, the dynamic patterns of knowledge flow in scientific breakthroughs differ significantly from control groups. Collectively, our results reveal that scientific breakthroughs initially consolidate knowledge before disrupting it in later phases, offering profound insights into the mechanisms driving scientific progress.
In vitro nematicidal efficacy of brassica-derived isothiocyanates against the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans
Authors: Chekanai Vongai , Neilson Roy , Roberts David , Edwards Simon , Back Matthew
Published: August 2024

Brassica plants naturally produce glucosinolates as secondary metabolites hydrolysed to biocidal isothiocyanates (ITCs). As such, they have the potential for nematode management through a strategy known as biofumigation. Pratylenchus penetrans causes significant yield losses in many important crops. Understanding the relative impact of different ITCs on the motility and mortality of this nematode species could provide some insights into the selection of relevant brassica biofumigants. The effects of 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 μg ml−1 of pure Allyl, 2-Phenylethyl and Benzyl ITCs on the motility and mortality of P. penetrans were evaluated in laboratory in vitro assays. Motility was assessed after incubating the nematodes in ITCs for 24, 48 and 72 h with distilled water as a negative control. Motile and non-motile nematodes were counted. After motility assessment at 72 h, nematodes were rinsed and incubated in water for 48 h, after which live and dead nematodes were counted. Nematodes were considered dead if they remained non-motile after probing with a picking needle. Nematode motility and mortality were significantly affected by the type of ITC, concentration and time of exposure. The number of non-motile nematodes increased with increasing concentration and time of exposure across all tested ITCs. The ED50 values (concentration required to cause 50% non-motility) of Allyl, 2-Phenylethyl and Benzyl were 37.4, 12.8 and 8.6 μg ml−1 after 24 h exposure. The ITC with potentially the greatest nematicidal effect was Benzyl (LD50 = 3.2 μg ml−1), followed by 2-Phenylethyl (LD50 = 5.2 μg ml−1), and Allyl (LD50 = 9.9 μg ml−1). The LD50 of all ITCs were not different from the ED50 after 72 h, meaning the effects of ITCs could be considered irreversible. This study suggests that brassica biofumigants that produce Benzyl, Allyl and 2-Phenylethyl ITCs are promising candidates for biofumigation of P. penetrans.
Film Programming in the ussr: A Case Study of Moscow Cinemas (1946–1955)
Authors: Tanis Kristina , Balykova Anastasia , Karnaukhov Ivan
Published: August 2024

This article presents a database on film programming in Moscow cinemas between 1946 and 1955. It outlines the place of this research at the intersection of new cinema history and academic debates on film distribution in the field of Soviet history. The article describes the data collection, the coding to present the data, and the structure of the database, which consists of the three datasets on Moscow film programming (1946–1955), Moscow cinemas (1946–1955), and the 1952 film calendar. Concluding remarks summarize the knowledge obtained from the database and introduce the Soviet case into the international context of digital data collections for historical cinema studies.
Hydromagnetic Thermosolutal Instability of an Oldroyd Nanofluid in a Porous Medium
Authors: Kumar Devendra , Kumar Tyagi Vipin
Published: August 2024

The onset of double-diffusive convection of an Oldroyd nanofluid fluid saturated in a porous medium, heated and soluted from below, is examined both analytically and numerically under the linear stability analysis in the presence of a horizontal magnetic field and physically realistic
boundary condition on the volume fraction of nanoparticles. The resulting eigenvalue problem is solved numerically by employing Galerkin method. We recover the important works of Umavathi and Prathap Kumar (J. C. Umavathi and J. Prathap Kumar, J. Heat Transfer 139, 012401 (2017)),
Jaimala et al. (R. Jaimala, Singh, and V. K. Tyagi, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 111, 451 (2017); Jaimala, R. Singh, and V. K. Tyagi, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 125, 290 (2018)) and Kuznetsov and Nield (A. V. Kuznetsov and D. A. Nield, International Journal of
Thermal Sciences 77, 126 (2014)) as special cases. The important findings include: (i) the independence of thermal Rayleigh-Darcy number for stationary convection upon relaxation and retardation parameters, (ii) the parameters Rn, Rs, Le, NA
and λ1 (absent in case of stationary convection) enhance both the stationary and oscillatory convections and the parameter Q, ε and λ2 (absent in case of stationary convection) delay the occurrence of both convections, (iii)
instability first sets in as oscillatory convection and (iv) a number of sufficient conditions for the existence and also for the non-existence of oscillatory convection are obtained analytically but only stated (without proof).
Numerical Computational of Chemically Reactive Hybrid Nanofluids with Melting Phenomena Passing Through a Disk: Comparative Study
Authors: Farooq Umar , Basem Ali , Imran Muhammad , Fatima Nahid , Tahir Madeeha , Waqas Hassan , Ibrahim Aqsa
Published: August 2024

This paper aims to investigate the solutions for the axisymmetric flow and heat transfer coming from a permeable disk in hybrid nanofluids. The nanofluids are under the influence of thermal radiation and contain magnetohydrodynamics and melting phenomena. For this, the momentum and
temperature mathematical model is developed to investigate the axisymmetric flow of two-dimensional hybrid nanofluids, containing nanoparticles and a base fluid. Using appropriate similarity variables, nonlinear partial differential equations have been transformed into ordinary differential
equations. These are further solved using the function bvp4c, which is built into MATLAB software. The physical behavior of parameters is discussed for the values on the basis of visuals and tables. The analysis further shows an increase in the local Nusselt number and skin frictional coefficient
due to nonlinear thermal radiation and magnetic parameters. The results may be promising for the applications of hybrid nanofluids in heat transfer and cooling systems of all modern industries. The authors have confidence in their study due to the novelty of the results and underline the numerous
practical utilities of hybrid nanofluids.
Sowing Hate, Cultivating Loyalists: Mobilizing Repressive Nationalist Diasporas for Transnational Repression by the People’s Republic of China Regime
Authors: Wong Kennedy Chi-Pan
Published: August 2024

Pundits, advocates, and scholars have increasingly focused on the strategies of transnational repression employed by autocratic states to deter opposition and control the voices of emigrants abroad. Typically, transnational repression is understood as various forms of state-directed tactics executed by institutional actors who are deployed, trained, and organized by the state. Yet, the tactic of inciting hatred and division among emigrants to undermine dissidents—part of a nationalist strategy that mobilizes non-state actors for repression—has not been thoroughly explored. This article reveals a unique form of diaspora actorhood: the repressive nationalist diasporas, which consist of culturally driven migrants who support their authoritarian homelands and exert significant influence in various aspects of transnational migrants’ civic life, including student groups, ethnic associations, and grassroots organizations. Through these networks, diaspora migrants provide autocrats with the means to extend their repressive reach internationally. This paper examines the People’s Republic of China (PRC) as a case study, demonstrating how the state leverages nationalist sentiments to alienate dissidents and fuel enmity among its loyalists overseas. The consequences are extensive, involving surveillance, harassment, and assaults on dissidents such as Hong Kongers, Tibetans, Uyghurs, Taiwanese, and mainland Chinese—aiming to silence those who criticize the PRC regime. Ethnographic research, interviews, and publicly available data are used to reveal, describe, and analyze the role and global reach of the repressive nationalist diaspora in the transnational repression mechanism as part of modern autocratic statecraft.
Periodontitis and Diabetes Complications: A Danish Population-Based Study
Authors: Bitencourt F.V. , Andersen A. , Bjerg L. , Sandbæk A. , Li H. , Nascimento G.G. , Spin-Neto R. , Peres M.A. , Leite F.R.M.
Published: August 2024

Conflicting evidence suggests a link between diabetes-related microvascular complications and periodontitis. Reliable estimates have been hindered by small sample sizes and residual confounding. Moreover, the combined effects of microvascular complications and dyslipidemia on periodontitis have not been explored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between individual and combined diabetic microvascular complications (i.e., neuropathy and retinopathy) and moderate/severe periodontitis in a Danish population-based study. In addition, we assessed whether dyslipidemia modified these associations. This study comprised 15,922 participants with type 2 diabetes from the Health in Central Denmark study. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for individual and joint microvascular diabetes complications. The models adjusted for potential confounders, including sociodemographic factors, lifestyle behaviors, and health conditions. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) balanced measured confounders between periodontitis and nonperiodontitis participants. Sensitivity analyses tested the findings’ robustness by estimating E-values for unmeasured confounding and varying microvascular complication definitions. After IPTW, adjusted models revealed that diabetic neuropathy (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.63) and retinopathy (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.43) were significantly associated with moderate/severe periodontitis. Moreover, the coexistence of microvascular complications increased the odds 1.5-fold for moderate/severe periodontitis (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.85). An effect modification of dyslipidemia on an additive scale was found, indicated by a positive relative excess risk due to interaction of 0.24 for neuropathy, 0.11 for retinopathy, and 0.44 for both complications. Sensitivity analysis ruled out unmeasured confounders and microvascular complication definitions as explanatory factors. Diabetic neuropathy and retinopathy, individually and combined, were associated with moderate/severe periodontitis. In addition, dyslipidemia had an additive positive effect modification on diabetic microvascular complications, elevating the odds of moderate/severe periodontitis. These findings may aid in identifying at-risk subgroups for diabetes-related microvascular complications and periodontitis, optimizing efforts to mitigate disease burden.
Why are union members more willing to strike and protest than nonunion members? Evidence from Argentina and Chile
Authors: Pérez-Ahumada Pablo , Astorga-Pinto Charo
Published: August 2024

Empirical studies have shown that union members are more likely to participate in collective actions than nonunion members. However, we still know little about the mechanisms that explain why this occurs. In this article, we aim to fill this gap in the literature. Using data from the World Values Survey for Argentina and Chile (2006–2018), we employed the Karlson–Holm–Breen mediation analysis to analyze the degree to which the relationship between union membership and participation in demonstrations and strikes is explained by union members’ higher levels of politicization and stronger left-wing orientation, as hypothesized in previous studies. We found that in the two countries these two mediators explain more than 30% of the relationship between union membership and participation in demonstrations. We also found that these two mediators explain around 20% of the relationship between union membership and strike participation in Argentina, and nearly 40% of such relationship in Chile. At the end of the article, we offer some explanations for these findings and show how they contribute to the literature on trade unions, class politics, and industrial relations.
Searching for adoption of electric vehicles to our modern life: a discrete event simulation analysis
Authors: Erdeş Hakan , Kesen Saadettin Erhan
Published: August 2024

Considering a massive stride in improving decarbonization and eventually in reaching net zero emission goal, electrification has spread through all types of industries. Prominently, in the transportation sector, the shift from fossil fuel toward electric vehicles (EVs) has been intensely realized and the past several years have seen the proliferation of EVs on the roads. Although influx of EVs is a fact, the literature suffers to provide valuable insights related to full-scale adoption of EVs. This paper proposes a novel and comprehensive variant of charging infrastructure in which there are noncommercial, commercial, and contracted commercial EVs depending on the offered business model. EVs can request alternating current (AC) charging, direct current (DC) charging, and battery swapping, and these requests are fulfilled by fixed and mobile chargers. Having developed a discrete event simulation model of the problem at hand, we implement full factorial experimental design, through which impacts of several factors involving business model, service type, arrival rate of EVs, waiting threshold, and the number of mobile chargers are detected on critical measures ranging from queuing times to the rate and mean time of EVs exceeding waiting threshold and from total revenue to service rate and utilization rate of mobile chargers. Significant statistical findings along with possible explanations are discussed.
Book review: Paul Hockings (Ed.), The Nilgiri Hills: A Kaleidoscope of People, Culture, and Nature
Authors: Devarapalli Jesurathnam
Published: August 2024

Paul Hockings (Ed.), The Nilgiri Hills: A Kaleidoscope of People, Culture, and Nature. Orient BlackSwan, 2023, 264 pp., ₹975 (paperback). ISBN: 9789354423963.
Maternal Health Indicators Across States and UTs of India
Authors: Deb Surajit
Published: August 2024

The present contribution makes the 21st part of the Social Change Indicators series. We have considered specific social and economic issues in the preceding editions, which included vulnerable households across social classes, poverty, migration, living conditions, social protection, displacement of labour, old-age health and morbidity conditions, women’s time use patterns, intimate partner violence, household assets/indebtedness, and aspects of higher education. In this part, we provide a comparison of maternal health indicators across major states and UTs of India.
Perceptions of the Future and Health Behavior in Adulthood
Authors: Allemand Mathias , Hill Kyrsten C. , Hill Patrick L.
Published: August 2024

Engagement in healthier lifestyle behaviors often is motivated by a focus on the future. However, there is limited research on the associations between health behavior and future time perspective, defined as people's tendency to perceive their future as expansive or as limited. Data came from a survey of U.S. adults ( N = 805, 49.3% female; M = 50 years, range: 19 to 85 years). Participants completed measures of perceptions of future opportunities and time and health behavior. Opportunities and time factors were uniquely associated with health behavior. While the perceived opportunities factor was strongly associated with better health behavior, the time factor was associated with poorer health behavior. However, this latter association was dependent on individual demographic and health status differences. These findings suggest that perceptions of future opportunities can play an important role in health behavior engagement and thus represent an important target for health promotion.
Relationship Between Nostalgia Proneness, Generativity, and Ego Integrity
Authors: Toyoshima Aya , Kusumi Takashi
Published: August 2024

This study examined the effect of nostalgia proneness on the level of achievement of developmental tasks during the later stages of adulthood (generativity and ego integrity) and the indirect effect of nostalgia on ego integrity. The level of nostalgia proneness changes with age and contributes to subjective well-being in old age. We assumed that nostalgia proneness affects generativity and ego integrity. To confirm the causal relationship between nostalgia proneness and achievement of developmental tasks, a longitudinal study was conducted. We conducted an Internet survey twice with 600 Japanese adults (aged 20–87). The first and second surveys (T1 and T2) were conducted in March 2021 and March 2022, respectively. The questionnaire comprised the Inventory of Psychosocial Balance scale, positive/negative nostalgia proneness scale, and state functions of the nostalgia scale. An autoregressive path model indicated that high and low levels of positive and negative proneness, respectively, predicted ego integrity. The results of the mediation analysis suggested that social connections have an indirect effect on ego integrity and that people who tend to feel positive emotions are less likely to feel negative emotions when they remember nostalgic memories, which leads to a sense of social connection and the acquisition of ego integrity. The findings provide an understanding of the processes through which developmental tasks are facilitated in later adulthood and elucidate the efficacy of psychosocial interventions in older adults.
Students’ Perspectives of Competency-based Medical Education in Undergraduate Psychiatry Clinical Training: A Qualitative Evaluation
Authors: Sethuraman Bhuvaneshwari , Chari Uttara , Perugu Shalini , Salazar Luke Joshua , Sreedaran Priya
Published: August 2024

Background:

Undergraduate (UG) medical students are one of the stakeholders and ultimate beneficiaries of the competency-based medical education (CBME) curriculum introduced in 2019 by the National Medical Commission (NMC). There is a dearth of literature on student perspectives on CBME Psychiatry clinical posting in India.

Methods:

Second professional students who attended the psychiatry clinical posting were invited to participate in the qualitative study. They were asked to give perspectives about the training during clinical posting based on a semi-structured questionnaire.

Results:

Written feedback forms were obtained from 44 students. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results showed the perceived impact of posting (change in knowledge, skills, and attitude), barriers to learning (student factors, patient factors, interaction factors, structural factors), and feedback on training during clinical posting (structural factors, practice over theory).

Conclusion:

UG students perceived improvement in their knowledge, attitude, and clinical skills during their posting in Psychiatry. They reported several barriers to learning at variouslevels. Their feedback to improve the posting focused on demonstrating skills using patients rather than theory classes.
A pilot cluster randomised controlled trial, of an IMPlicit learning approach versus standard care, on recovery of mobility following stroke (IMPS)
Authors: Johnson Louise , Burridge Jane , Ewings Sean , Demain Sara
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the delivery of rehabilitation using implicit motor learning principles in an acute stroke setting.

Design

Pilot, assessor-blind, cluster randomised controlled trial with nested qualitative evaluation.

Setting

Eight inpatient stroke units, UK.

Participants

People within 14 days of stroke onset, presenting with lower limb hemiplegia.

Interventions

Participants at control clusters received usual care. Participants at intervention clusters received rehabilitation using an Implicit Learning Approach (ILA); primarily consisting of reduced frequency instructions/feedback, and promotion of an external focus of attention. Video recording was used to understand the ability of intervention site therapists to adhere to the implicit learning principles, and to compare differences between groups.

Measures

Ability to recruit and retain clusters/participants; suitability and acceptability of data collection processes; appropriateness of fidelity monitoring methods; and appropriateness of chosen outcome measures.

Results

Eight stroke units participated, with four assigned to each group (intervention/control). Fifty-one participants were enrolled (intervention group 21; control group 30). Mean time since stroke was 6 days (SD 3.42; 0–14); mean age was 73 years (SD 14, 25–94). Of those approached to take part, 72% agreed. We found clear differences between groups with respect to the frequency and type of instructional statement. The ILA was acceptable to both patients and therapists.

Conclusion

It is feasible to evaluate the application and effectiveness of motor learning principles within acute stroke rehabilitation, using a cluster randomised design. A larger study is required to evaluate the benefits of each approach; we provide a range of sample size estimates required for this.
The Dynamics of Ego-Resilience Trajectories: Exploring the Roles of Individual, Family, and School Factors Among Multicultural Early Adolescents in South Korea
Authors: Yoo Changmin
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to identify the patterns of ego-resilience trajectories among multicultural early adolescents in South Korea. A total of 1635 participants (50.8% female students; mean ages 9.98–13.97 years) were analyzed, and five latent classes were identified: mid increasing, mid decreasing, low maintaining, mid maintaining, and high increasing. Individual, family, and school factors were examined to identify their associations with ego-resilience trajectory patterns. Results showed that being male, having high self-esteem, and experiencing high levels of acculturation were associated with higher ego-resilience. In addition, the absence of neglect and higher income were related to higher ego-resilience. Support from family, peers, and teachers was found to be positively associated with ego-resilience development. These results indicate that interventions to develop ego-resilience among multicultural early adolescents should consider the individual, family, and school factors associated with the different trajectory patterns of ego-resilience.
Extending the research agenda for supply chain management in the age of disruption: The multifaceted role and implications of dynamic capabilities
Authors: Roh Taewoo , Xiao Shufeng
Published: August 2024

Fueled by disruptive occurrences and innovative technologies, the world’s increasing complexity and uncertainty have presented challenges to supply chain management (SCM). To remain competitive and resilient, firms must adopt dynamic capabilities (DCs) that enable quick responses to environmental changes. By reviewing existing research on SCM and DCs, this study aims to explore the relationship between DCs and SCM in the age of disruption from multiple aspects and examine both the moderating and mediating roles of DCs on firm performance. Moreover, we explore the interplay between dynamic and digital capabilities (i.e., disruptions and innovative technologies), including blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT), and how they can interactively address SCM challenges. Our findings will not only provide opportunities for further research into the intersection between DCs and the SCM field but also offer practical insights for firms navigating the unpredictable landscape of contemporary business environments.
Real-Time Estimation of Origin–Destination Matrices Using a Deep Neural Network for Digital Twins
Authors: Min Donggyu , Yun Hyunsoo , Ham Seung Woo , Kim Dong-Kyu
Published: August 2024

The digital twin, a real-time replica of physical systems, has garnered attention as a promising tool to strategize and evaluate solutions for complex real-world issues. However, developing digital twins in the field of transportation faces significant challenges related to the real-time estimation of dynamic origin–destination (OD) matrices constrained by computation time. To bridge this gap, microscopic traffic simulations with real-time synchronization are being researched. Nonetheless, the computational issue persists, emphasizing the need for more efficient OD estimation methods. In this regard, our objective is to reduce computation time in simulation-based methods by developing a data-driven metamodel using a deep neural network. The proposed model serves to map the correlation between the OD matrix and detector data. This model simplifies the computational process using hidden layers, rather than calculating complex interactions between vehicles in the traffic simulation. Compared to conventional methods, we evaluate the capability to estimate a reasonable OD matrix within a restricted time and validate our approach using detector data from Daejeon City, South Korea. The findings indicate that by combining our data-driven metamodel with the simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation, it becomes feasible to estimate a reasonable OD matrix within a stipulated time frame, compared to the conventional method. Given a 1-min time frame, the proposed method outperforms the conventional simulation-based method by improving the calibration performance of traffic flow by 44.5 percentage points. This paper proposes a practical and versatile approach for real-time OD estimation, laying the foundation for extending microscopic traffic simulation into the digital twin.
Simplified Analysis Method of Seismic and Static Stability for Embankments Supported with Concrete Piles in Soft Ground
Authors: Xiao Shiguo , Dai Tianyi , Li Shaohong
Published: August 2024

A simplified analytical method is provided for the overall seismic and static stability of embankments supported with concrete piles in soft soil according to the pseudo-static approach. Mobilized shear forces on the piles intersected by the slip surface are involved in the proposed method. This method was originally established on four aspects: the circular slip surface assumption, pile bending–tension failure mechanism, simplified Bishop’s assumption, and elastic-beam-on-foundation model. The proposed method innovatively obtained the overall safety factor and critical slip surface of the piled-embankment system as well as the bending moment and shear force profiles of the piles. Moreover, it reproduced the progressive failure process of the system with the piles fracturing gradually. This method was verified by centrifugal tests and numerical simulations, and their safety factor relative errors were within 5%. Examples showed the safety factor decreased nonlinearly by 33% as the horizontal seismic coefficient increased from 0 to 0.2. The piles fractured progressively toward the interior of the system after the first one failed at the embankment toe. As the pile spacing in the two directions respectively increased from 3 to 5 times the pile diameter, the shear force of the critical pile at the slip surface increased slightly. Reinforcements in the embankment cushion may deepen the pile failure positions. This work provides a significant design reference for piled embankments under seismic conditions, including aspects such as overall stability, internal forces, and the progressive fracture of piles.
Disfiguration: Civilized violence, Reformation and the witches
Authors: Weegmann Martin
Published: August 2024

The European Reformation saw a dramatic rise of new confessional groups, sects and schisms, accompanied by widespread group hostility and violence. In a critical discussion of Elias’ ‘civilizing process’, the key changes ushered by the Reformation, from the government of state, church, and souls, are considered. As society sought to expunge its ‘ultimate enemies’, the era of reform was a time of widespread witchcraft trials, trials that are examples of horrific social disfiguration, with continued relevance to understanding modern social and group violence. Several examples of the latter are considered.
Violence on the horizon: Horizography and serendipity in the ethnographer’s Zimbabwean field
Authors: Nhemachena Artwell
Published: August 2024

Horizons are notoriously difficult places to carry out research because they keep on shifting and thus deny researchers the necessary immersion to do participant observation, or even to gain access to such horizons for fieldwork. Drawing on fieldwork in southeastern Zimbabwe, this article critically discusses several horizons in a context of witchcraft-related violence and interparty political violence. Arguing that methodologies which focus on the past and present are not sufficient to research what is still on the horizons, that is, what is emergent and has not yet settled in the field for traditional fieldwork, the article postulates a methodology called horizography as suitable for researching what is still on the horizons. Put differently, horizography is partly premised on insights from the emergent quantum anthropology which is based on ongoing discoveries in quantum mechanics which recognize action at a distance in a world where there are entanglements between empirical reality and nonempirical reality, and, of course, different worlds. Besides, drawing on the emergent areas of foresight studies, anthropology of the futures and anthropology of anticipation, the article contends that there is need for innovative methodologies which focus on emergent futures.
Does It Spark Joy? Reworking Macroeconomics in a Principles of Economics Course
Authors: Solis-Garcia Mario
Published: August 2024

Macroeconomics has a tough job in Principles of Economics. Instructors must not only fit the microeconomics part, but a lot of definitional macroeconomic material that’s prerequisite for even the most basic macroeconomic model. Coming from microeconomics—where students do a lot with supply and demand—this is a bad change of pace. Moreover, instructors usually prolong the microeconomics section more than needed, so the macroeconomics part ends up rushed and students believe that the end-all of the discipline is, at best, a collection of boring concepts that don’t go anywhere. Can we do something to correct this disservice to the discipline? I say yes. In this paper, I discuss solutions from the point of view of a macroeconomist in a (mostly) applied microeconomics department.
Reduced nephrotoxicity of epichlorohydrin-crosslinked β-cyclodextrin nanoparticles (βCDNPs) and its enhanced binding with hydrophobic compounds
Authors: Doan Anh Thi Ngoc , Kojima Natsuki , Sakurai Kazuo
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the development and characterization of epichlorohydrin-crosslinked β-cyclodextrin nanoparticles (βCDNPs) for drug delivery, focusing on their interaction with hydrophobic drugs and biocompatibility. We synthesized βCDNPs using β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and epichlorohydrin (ECH). Our study assessed the biocompatibility and safety of βCDNPs, particularly in avoiding nephrotoxicity commonly associated with βCD, by examining their interaction with cholesterol and conducting survival analyses in mice at various dosing concentrations. Additionally, we highlight the advantages of using diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) to determine the enhanced binding constants of βCDNPs with hydrophobic compounds, in comparison with the solubility method, Job plot analysis, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). We demonstrated the enhanced binding capacity of βCDNPs compared to βCD alone and established the polymerization of βCD as a significant factor in this enhancement. Our findings suggest that βCDNPs show promise as drug delivery systems due to their improved solubility, stability, and safety profiles.
Patterns and Outcomes of Opioid Use Before and After Hospitalization for Critical Illness: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Henry Nicole R. , Warner Matthew A. , Hanson Andrew C. , Schulte Phillip J. , Warner Nafisseh S.
Published: August 2024

Background: Hospitalization represents a major access point for prescription opioids, yet little is known regarding patterns and outcomes of opioid exposures before and after hospitalization for critical illness. Methods: This is an observational, population-based cohort study of adults (≥18 years) hospitalized for critical illness from 2010 to 2019. Multivariable models assess associations between opioid exposures prior to hospitalization, classified according to the Consortium to Study Opioid Risks and Trends, and posthospitalization opioid exposures and clinical outcomes through 1-year posthospitalization. Results: Of 11 496 patients, 6318 (55%) were men with a median age of 66 (51, 79) years and 40% (n = 4623) surgical admissions. Prehospitalization opioid availability included 8449 (73%) none, 2117 (18%) short-term, 471 (4%) episodic, and 459 (4%) long-term. Thirty-nine percent (4144/10 708) of hospital survivors were discharged with opioids, with higher prescribing rates for surgical admissions (55%). Greater preadmission opioid exposures were associated with higher prevalent opioid availability at 1 year (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 24.1 [18.3-31.8], 9.42 [7.18-12.3], and 2.55 [2.08-3.12] for long-term, episodic, and short-term exposures, respectively, vs none, P < .001). Greater preadmission opioid exposures were associated with longer hospitalizations (1.13 [1.04-1.23], 1.15 [1.06-1.25], and 1.08 [1.04-1.13] multiplicative increase in geometric mean, P < .001), more readmissions (hazard ratio [HR] 2.08 [1.74-2.49], 1.88 [1.56-2.26], and 1.48 [1.33-1.64], P < .001), and higher 1-year mortality (HR 1.59 [1.28-1.98], 1.75 [1.41-2.18], and 1.49 [1.32-1.69], P < .001). Similar associations were observed across surgical and nonsurgical admissions. Conclusions: Prehospitalization opioid exposures in survivors of critical illness are associated with clinical outcomes through 1 year and may serve as important prognostic markers.
Self-Concealment and Career Counseling Help-Seeking in South Korean College Students: A Moderated Mediation Analysis
Authors: Nam Suk Kyung
Published: August 2024

Identifying factors influencing career counseling services and providing interventions to increase utilization is crucial because only a few individuals facing career problems use these services. Utilizing the moderated mediation effect of career decision-making autonomy on the mediated model of self-concealment, career stress, and attitudes toward career counseling, this study analyzed 307 college students in South Korea. This study investigated whether career stress mediates the relationship between self-concealment and attitudes toward career counseling. Additionally, it examined whether career decision-making autonomy moderates this mediated model. The results suggest that career decision-making autonomy is crucial in seeking career counseling services to cope with stress. Implications for further research, limitations of this study, and interventions for increasing using career counseling are discussed.