bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring Changes in Movement Skills with Infants and Young Children with Handicaps
Authors: Campbell Philippa H. , Stewart Barbara
Published: November 2015

Posture and movement abilities are typically measured by assessments of achievements of motor milestone skills. Performance of a skill within appropriate chronological age limits is one dimension of posture and movement. Qualitative dimensions, including postural tone and the pattern of coordinated movement used in performance, are equally important with young children. This article describes a programmatic approach for measuring qualitative dimensions and performance of functional movement. Features of the approach include: (a) selection of intervention targets, (b) baseline assessment, (c) intervention sequences, (d) measurement, and (e) interpretation and decision making. Data that were collected, using this approach, with infants and young children enrolled in an early intervention program are presented to illustrate measurement and interpretation.
Effects of Integrated Therapy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Giangreco Michael F.
Published: November 2015

This study compared the effectiveness of direct/isolated versus indirect/integrated approaches to the provision of occupational and physical therapy services in a school-based program for a learner with profound and multiple handicapping conditions. Within the context of a return-to-baseline design, the learner displayed significantly improved performance on the functional activity of activating an adapted microswitch when therapeutic techniques were specifically referenced to and incorporated in the teaching plan and implementation. Implications for delivering team-oriented services are discussed as well as considerations related to programming for persons with profound handicaps.
A National Network of University Affiliated Facilities for Interdisciplinary Training, Exemplary Service, Dissemination, and Research for Persons with Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Semmel Melvyn I. , Elder Jean K.
Published: November 2015

The unique character and history of the University Affiliated Facilities (UAF) grant program, monitored by the Administration on Developmental Disabilities (ADD), necessitates a comprehensive evaluation system designed for continuous quality assurance. The current ADD peer review system which led to the invitations to the UAFs represented in this issue of JASH is described. Each UAF received a 3-year ADD grant award after being judged exemplary in one or more programmatic facets of the federally mandated Developmental Disabilities Act of 1984 (P.L. 98-527). The article discusses the current status of UAF programs and considers selective, pressing issues confronting the network resulting from contemporary social, legal, and professional expectations related to the needs and rights of persons with developmental disabilities.
The Evolution of Augmentative Communication at a Regional Center: Three Follow-Up Assessment Models
Authors: Carter Sara C. , Porter Patricia B.
Published: November 2015

This article describes three follow-up assessment models explored by an interdisciplinary augmentative communication team located at a regional center. It also addresses the relationship between the team's experiences with the models and the evolution of team expertise in making recommendations for augmentative communication techniques. The three models are characterized in Table 1 in terms of services offered, training provided, cost, advantages, and disadvantages. Perspectives on assessment and team development are discussed, with case studies included to illustrate major points. We conclude that all three models were beneficial to the process of developing sound assessment techniques.
Utah State University Developmental Center for Handicapped Persons
Authors: Fifield Marvin , Casto Glendon
Published: November 2015

Historically, the Utah State University Affiliated Facility, administered through a college of education, has had an emphasis on behavioral science rather than medical science research. Projects and activities of the Developmental Center for Handicapped Persons are described, including (a) use of applied technology in preschool, academic, and social curricula for persons with severe disabilities; (b) the use of artificial intelligence “expert systems” for consultation and decision making in the field of special education; (c) study of the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of early intervention, as well as longitudinal impacts; and (d) description of an interdisciplinary training progam in the area of developmental disabilities.
Generalization with Precision: The Role of Negative Teaching Examples in the Instruction of Generalized Grocery Item Selection
Authors: Horner Robert H. , Albin Richard W. , Ralph Ginevera
Published: November 2015

For generalization to be functional, it must occur with a precision that results in acquired responses occurring under appropriate, nontrained conditions, and acquired responses not occurring under inappropriate, nontrained conditions. This study examines the effect of differing types of negative teaching examples on the precision with which generalized grocery item selection is learned. Within a split-multiple baseline design, six young adults identified as mildly, moderately, or severely mentally retarded were trained to select or to reject grocery items using picture cards as cues. The dependent variables were correct selection of 10 trained “positive” grocery items and the correct rejection of 20 nontrained “negative” grocery items in a nontrained grocery store. Participants were trained in a grocery store to select 10 positive grocery examples matching their picture cards and to reject either (a) a set of negative examples that were maximally different from the positive examples, or (b) a set of negative examples that were minimally different from the positive examples. Both training sets resulted in participants correctly selecting the 10 positive items in a nontrained store. Training with the “minimally different” negative examples was functionally related to improved rejection of nontrained negative items in the nontrained store. The implications of teaching with minimally different, negative examples are discussed.
Opportunities to Express Preferences and Make Choices among Students with Severe Disabilities in Classroom Settings
Authors: Houghton Joan , Bronicki G. J. Buzz , Guess Doug
Published: November 2015

Classroom observations were made on staff and students with severe disabilities to record opportunities to express preferences and make choices. Included in the study were 48 staff members and 37 students located in public schools, institutions, and university demonstration sites. An observational code was used to record staff- and student-initiated expressions of preference and choice in structured and nonstructured classroom activities. Results indicated that, regardless of age level or setting, classroom staff responded at very low rates to student-initiated expressions of choice or preference and that staff-initiated opportunities for student expressions of choice or preference were significantly higher in the 0 to 5 age range. Additional findings indicated that staff and students used distinctly different response modalities to communicate. Results are discussed in relation to the development of communication and social skills, with implications for current educational practices, personnel training, and further research.
Teaching Language in the Natural Environment: An Analysis of Spontaneity
Authors: Halle James W.
Published: November 2015

A rationale for the importance of analyzing spontaneous language use by persons with severe disabilities is offered. Definition represents the first barrier. A continuum of cues that occasion language responses is recommended to resolve definitional ambiguities. The same continuum can be invoked for training purposes. Three recent studies representing state-of-the-art procedures for teaching spontaneous language use are reviewed. Finally, future directions for conceptualizing, analyzing, and teaching spontaneous language use are discussed.
Generalized Reduction of Disruptive Behavior in Unsupervised Settings through Specific Toy Training
Authors: Santarcangelo Suzanne , Dyer Kathleen , Luce Stephen C.
Published: November 2015

This study was designed to achieve a reduction of disruptive behaviors in unsupervised settings through reinforcement of appropriate play behaviors in students with autism. In Experiment 1, two students were exposed to training consisting of differential reinforcement of appropriate play, verbal feedback and prompts for inappropriate play or disruptive behaviors, and a specific toy training condition which involved extrinsic reinforcement of specific components of toy play. This training resulted in decreases in disruptive behaviors accompanied by generalization and maintenance of appropriate play in an unsupervised setting. In a second experiment, two additional children exposed to the specific toy training procedure showed similar decreases in disruptive behaviors accompanied by generalization and maintenance of play skills. The results show that reinforcement of appropriate toy play is an effective means of reducing disruptive behaviors in unsupervised settings in children with autism.
Payment Mechanisms for Community Employment: Realities and Recommendations
Authors: Hagner David , Nisbet Jan , Callahan Michael , Moseley Chas
Published: November 2015

This article describes the payment mechanisms currently available to reimburse workers with severe disabilities for work performed. The advantages and disadvantages of competitive employment at or above minimum wage, competitive employment below minimum wage, contracted employment through a rehabilitation agency, and self-employment are discussed. In addition, suggestions for utilization and regulatory reform are addressed.
Extended School Year Services for Students with Severe Handicaps: A National Survey
Authors: Alper Sandra , Noie Dennis R.
Published: November 2015

A national survey was conducted in order to examine extended school year services for students with severe handicaps. A six-item questionnaire was mailed to all 50 State Directors of Special Education in order to ascertain the number of states currently providing extended year services, eligibility criteria, and information on duration and funding. This article examines legal and educational bases in support of extended school year programming and presents the results of a survey that showed wide discrepancies between states in how these services are provided. These results are discussed relative to the need for empirically based guidelines to determine student eligibility, optimal program length, and cost-efficient funding patterns.
Progress in Educating Students with the Most Severe Disabilities: Is There Any?
Authors: Sailor Wayne , Gee Kathy , Goetz Lori , Graham Nan
Published: November 2015

This article examines the issue of who are the most severely disabled students and clients and how they have or have not benefited from educational and postschool professional services to date. A loosely structured working definition of this subpopulation is offered. The existing base of literature is analyzed based on a tripartite body of work encompassing intervention studies (primarily independent variable focused); mediating considerations, standing between, but affecting both treatments and outcomes (intervening variables); and outcome-focused studies (dependent variable studies). Because the existing literature base is, for the most part, ambiguous as to the exact parameters of the population studied, a brief review of both published work that clearly applies to the most severely disabled subpopulation and a selection of very recent unpublished studies which seem to fit the same criterion is presented. This article concludes with a set of recommendations, including the need for a “zero exclusion” policy, the need for increased focus on social and behavioral development, the need for further analysis of quality educational outcomes, and the need for continued integration and inclusion of these individuals in supported work and community living.
Implications of Biobehavioral States for the Education and Treatment of Students with the Most Profoundly Handicapping Conditions
Authors: Guess Doug , Mulligan-Ault Marilyn , Roberts Sally , Struth John , Siegel-Causey Ellin , Thompson Barbara , Bronicki G. J. Buzz , Guy Barbara
Published: November 2015

Implications of biobehavioral state measures for the assessment of students with profoundly handicapping conditions are discussed in relation to similar behaviors observed in infants and among persons recovering from severe head trauma. Data are presented showing different profiles in biobehavioral states among students with severe and profound disabilities. These profiles are compared with similar descriptions of physical and psychological functioning described in the head-trauma literature, with a discussion of similar education and intervention problems and the need for more exchange of information between special education and rehabilitation therapy for persons with severe neurological impairments. Additionally, biobehavioral state measures among persons with severe and profound disabilities are offered as a potentially valuable assessment tool with important implications for improved intervention strategies and future research directions.
Public Integration of Students with Handicaps: Where It's Been, Where It's Going, and How It's Getting There
Authors: Gent Pamela J. , Mulhauser Mary Beth
Published: November 2015

This article addresses integrated public school education for students with disabilities from both a legal and an educational perspective. Variables critical to public integration, including the influence of the media, the need for increased dissemination of legal and educational findings, the need for well-developed IEPs, and a critical examination of the existing data base are discussed.
Job Satisfaction Research: Implications for Supported Employment
Authors: Moseley Charles R.
Published: November 2015

Increased emphasis is being placed on providing integrated and normalizing work experiences for people with severe disabilities through supported employment. As more individuals are offered training in nonsheltered situations, it is important to consider the nature of the typical environments they will be moving into and the elements of work that make it a meaningful and satisfying experience for typical workers. The literature on supported employment has been primarily concerned with outcome studies of demonstration projects, the efficacy of training strategies, and the development of administrative structures and funding systems. In contrast, studies of work for nondisabled individuals have focused on job satisfaction and what the experience means to the worker, and for the most part have ignored those who have disabilities. This review examines supported employment in light of the literature on the experience of work by nondisabled people, with particular reference to the meaning of work in the lives of persons with disabilities. There is discussion of worker satisfaction, the meaning of pay, the effect of the task itself, and the role of the culture of the workplace on the behavior of the workers. Implications for the establishment of supported employment opportunities in typical businesses are presented.
Extended School Year Services: A Consumer Perspective on Implementation
Authors: Wilds Thomas F. , Liacopoulos George N.
Published: November 2015

The status of extended school year (ESY) services was assessed through a national survey of the chapters of the National Society for Children and Adults with Autism (NSAC). The results of the 66 NSAC chapters that responded were compared with previous research that surveyed state and local education agencies about ESY implementation. Although the availability of ESY programs appears to be increasing, public officials and consumers differ in their perceptions of the methods and criteria employed by states to implement ESY services. Differences among states were evident with regard to the operationalization of various aspects of ESY such as eligibility criteria and length of programs.
Parent/Professional Partnerships in Advocacy: Developing Integrated Options within Resistive Systems
Authors: Hamre-Nietupski Susan , Krajewski Lynn , Nietupski John , Ostercamp Donna , Sensor Karen , Opheim Barbara
Published: November 2015

The lack of integrated educational options in many communities suggests the need for continued advocacy efforts with local school districts. The case is made here that parents and professionals working in concert can form a more effective advocacy partnership, particularly when districts present resistance to integrated options. Strategies for obtaining integrated options through advocacy partnerships are suggested, with examples provided. The strategies are drawn from direct experience as well as from recommendations in the professional literature.
Comparison of Parental Involvement in Regular and Special Education
Authors: Salisbury Christine , Evans Ian M.
Published: November 2015

The importance of parental participation in the educational process has been recognized in both regular and special education. However, most of what is known about parent involvement in special education has been garnered through studies at the elementary age level and with families of students with mild disabilities. In this study, mothers of students with severe disabilities were compared with mothers of nondisabled students and students with mild to moderate disabilities regarding their perceptions of school involvement. A total of 117 mothers were interviewed. The results indicated that in comparison to the parents of students in regular education, parents of students with disabilities were offered more opportunities to be involved, were more satisfied with their involvement, and felt more able to influence their children's education. This was true over the school age span. No significant differences were related to the severity of the children's disability. Types of activities in which the mothers were involved suggest that some of the parental involvement mechanisms developed in special education might profitably be extended to regular education.
Teacher Use of Student Performance Data to Make Instructional Decisions: Practices in Programs for Students with Moderate to Profound Disabilities
Authors: Farlow Leslie J. , Snell Martha E.
Published: November 2015

Best practices in programs for students with moderate to profound disabilities include the regular collection and use of direct observational data on student performance. Unfortunately, research indicates that teachers who have training in data collection and analysis often do not apply these skills. This study sought to examine the actual decision-making practices of skilled teachers who regularly collected observational data on their students with severe disabilities. A questionnaire was completed by 57 teachers who averaged 6 years' teaching experience. The respondents had been recommended by teacher trainers, program administrators, and researchers in special education as having training and experience in data collection and education of students with severe disabilities. The results of participants' responses to this questionnaire yielded a favorable portrait of experienced teachers trained to use data for program monitoring with students with severe disabilities. The respondents did collect and examine data frequently but did not agree on how to utilize the data. The majority of teachers reported having rules for the types of decisions included in the questionnaire, but there was lack of consensus about how the evaluation of data guided instructional decision making. The aspects of their practices having clear implications for teacher trainers and future research on instructional decisions are discussed.
Reinforcer Assessment I: Using Problem Behavior to Select Reinforcers
Authors: Durand V. Mark , Crimmins Daniel B. , Caulfield Marie , Taylor Jill
Published: November 2015

We tested the hypothesis that knowledge of the variables controlling problem behavior could be used to select reinforcers. Students with severe developmental disabilities who exhibited frequent aggression, self-injury, and/or tantrums participated in the study. One group (N = 7) was assessed to engage in problem behavior maintained by social attention, and the second group (N = 7) was assessed to engage in problem behavior maintained by escape from unpleasant situations. A combined multiple baseline and alternating treatments design demonstrated that (a) praise was a reinforcer for the group with attention-maintained behavior and appeared to serve as a punisher for the students with escape-maintained behavior, (b) a procedural “time-out” was a reinforcer for the latter group, and (c) problem behavior was lowest when students with attention-maintained problem behavior were praised and students with escape-maintained problem behavior received the procedural time-out. This study suggests that stimuli that are functionally related to problem behavior (e.g., social attention, escape from tasks) can be used effectively as reinforcers. These findings further emphasize the need to individually select reinforcers because, for some individuals, a presumably positive consequence such as social praise can serve as a punisher.
An in Vivo Evaluation of the Use of Data-Based Rules to Guide Instructional Decisions
Authors: Browder Diane , Demchak Mary Ann , Heller Meredith , King Diane
Published: November 2015

A program evaluation of the benefits of utilizing systematic procedures for data review to make instructional decisions was conducted with teachers in two university-affiliated programs who had been using a standard method of data summary and evaluation with school-aged children and with adults for 1 to 2 years prior to our study. During a 6-month period, the teachers' ongoing decision making was evaluated through measures of decisions to change or continue instruction that were based on rules for various data patterns and the effect of these decisions on subsequent student progress. Some support was found for the benefit of rule following on student progress. Suggestions for designing research to further evaluate the benefits of systematic data-based decisions are described.
Factors associated with pharmacists’ perceptions of their working conditions and safety and effectiveness of patient care
Authors: Tsao Nicole W. , Lynd Larry D. , Gastonguay Louise , Li Kathy , Nakagawa Bob , Marra Carlo A.
Published: November 2015

Background:

In recent years, the role of pharmacists has changed, as have various provincial legislations, which now allow pharmacists to provide additional health services to patients. With these changes comes growing concern about how well the current pharmacy working environment is adapting and whether it may also be creating work-related stress that may contribute to potentially unsafe practices of patient care.

Methods:

To characterize the current working conditions of pharmacists in British Columbia, an online survey was developed and distributed to all College of Pharmacists of BC (CPBC) registrants by email. The survey consisted of questions on pharmacists’ demographics, practice setting and perceptions of workplace conditions. Responses were collected from October 1 to November 10, 2013. All data were summarized using descriptive statistics, and regression models were constructed to assess the association between various factors and pharmacists’ self-reported working conditions.

Results:

Twenty-three percent (1241/5300) of pharmacists registered with the CPBC responded, with 78% working in the community pharmacy setting (58% chain, 19% independent). Pharmacists mostly disagreed with the statements that they had enough time for breaks or lunches or to do their jobs, as well as enough staffing support. Pharmacists’ perceptions of their workplace environment were negatively associated with workplace-imposed advanced service quotas (for medication reviews, immunizations and prescription adaptations); being employed at chain store pharmacies, compared to independent pharmacies or hospitals/long-term care settings; and higher prescription volume.

Discussion:

Pharmacists working in chain community pharmacies who are required to meet monthly quotas for expanded services reported a substantial negative impact on their working conditions and perceived safety of patient care. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2016;149:xx-xx.
Surface modification of pure titanium to improve its anti-inflammatory function
Authors: Sun Hanwen , Zhang Yancong , Dou Linbo , Song Xinfeng , Sun Chunyan
Published: November 2015

Objective:

Surface-modified titanium material was prepared to explore its corrosion resistance and microbial adhesion.

Methods:

Atmospheric pressure plasma was used to modify the surface of pure titanium. The surface morphology and adhesion morphology of P. gingivalis (Porphyromonas gingivalis) were observed through morphology scanning electron microscopy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was detected using a fluorescence spectrophotometer. Electrochemical corrosion properties of the material were detected using simulated fluids and SAGF artificial saliva as electrolyte. Bacteria suspension absorbance was tested using an enzyme standard.

Results:

After plasma modification, the material surface exhibited numerous ROS formations and improved wettability. Compared with the control group, corrosion potential was higher but corrosion current was lower in simulated body fluids and artificial saliva. Bacterial-suspension absorbance was significantly lower than that in the control group on days 3 and 5 ( P <0.05).

Conclusion:

The electrochemical and microbial corrosion performance of titanium can be improved by atmospheric pressure plasma. Therefore, this method can thus be used for the surface modification of oral and bone implant materials.
Oxymatrine and cancer therapy
Authors: Lu WW , Zhang R , Zhu JS , Xia LQ , Zhang J
Published: November 2015

Oxymatrine is a kind of alkaloid extracted from traditional Chinese herb Sophora flavescens Ait. It has been proved to exert various biological activities such as anti-angiogenesis, proliferation-inhibiting, apoptosis-promoting, analgesic-strengthening, and anti-metastasis. The biological activities are related with inhibition of angiogenesis-associated factors, regulation of related signaling pathway and protein expression, synergistic effects with chemotherapy drug, cell cycle arrest and inhibition of voltage-activated K+ channel. In this review, we summarize the recent investigations of oxymatrine in cancer therapy so as to provide references for further study and clinical therapy.
Perspectives: Managing professional boundaries and staying safe in digital spaces
Authors: Cooper Anne , Inglehearn Alison
Published: November 2015

Healthcare professionals who engage in social media face new challenges in maintaining boundaries in online platforms. The online environment has the potential to threaten and subvert these boundaries, in particular the boundary between the personal and the professional. Using DoH Guidance ‘See, Think, Act' provides a useful template for maintaining boundaries. Understanding the potential risks in social media is a key competency for social media healthcare professionals. Knowing how to act in situations which may be risky is a critical skill for those who engage in innovative social media practice.
Applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour to understand nurse intention to follow recommendations related to a preventive clinical practice
Authors: Gagnon Marie-Pierre , Cassista Julianne , Payne-Gagnon Julie , Martel Brigitte
Published: November 2015

The use of filter needles reduces the number of particles found in parenteral solutions after the opening of glass ampoules and has been recommended by many authors. Even so, nurses do not use filter needles unilaterally in their practice. In order to understand the psychosocial determinants of nurse intention to follow recommendations related to the use of filter needles in the preparation of parenteral medication, we conducted a cross-sectional study in a large university medical centre in the province of Quebec (Canada). We developed a questionnaire based on Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour and distributed it to all nurses ( n = 364) from eight care units. A total of 242 questionnaires were completed and returned (response rate of 66.5%). Attitude towards the behaviour and perceived behavioural control predicted nurse intention to use filter needles according to recommendations. Three specific beliefs related to these variables – ease of use, enjoyment and reason – explained 50.3% of the variance in nurse intention to use filter needles. The results of this study support the use of the Theory of Planned Behaviour as a theoretical basis that can help identify important avenues to inform behaviour change strategies regarding healthcare professional adoption of guidelines to improve patient safety.
Nurse acceptance of electronic health record technology: a literature review
Authors: Strudwick Gillian , McGillis Hall Linda
Published: November 2015

Electronic health records are now being installed globally in healthcare organisations in an effort to provide a more efficient and safer healthcare environment. Regardless of the tremendous amount of attention paid to this area now, the benefits of the technology are often not fully realised. This may be the result of healthcare administrators not being able to implement electronic health records effectively due to inadequate user acceptance of the technology by the largest group of healthcare professionals – nurses. Using the technology acceptance model and the DeLone and McLean model for information system success, the authors have reviewed the published studies that have applied these models to both nurses and electronic health records. Results of the literature review suggest that a modification of the models may provide a better explanation of nurses’ acceptance of electronic health records.
Genome-wide transcriptome induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS supports the notion of host-derived periodontal destruction and its association with systemic diseases
Authors: Gölz Lina , Buerfent Benedikt C , Hofmann Andrea , Hübner Marc P , Rühl Heiko , Fricker Nadine , Schmidt David , Johannes Oldenburg , Jepsen Søren , Deschner James , Hoerauf Achim , Nöthen Markus M , Schumacher Johannes , Jäger Andreas
Published: November 2015

Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a prevalent pathogen-associated inflammatory disorder characterized by the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, and linked to several systemic diseases. Both the periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis ( Pg), and the genetically determined host immune response, are hypothesized to play a crucial role in this association. To identify new target genes for CP and its associated systemic diseases, we investigated the transcriptome induced by Pg in human monocytes using a genome-wide approach. Monocytes were isolated from healthy male volunteers of European origin and challenged with the Pg virulence factor LPS . Array-based gene expression analysis comprising >47,000 transcripts was performed followed by pathway analyses. Transcriptional data were validated by protein and cell surface markers. LPS Pg challenge led to the significant induction of 902 transcripts. Besides known periodontitis-associated targets, several new candidates were identified (CCL23↑, INDO↑, GBP 1/4↑, CFB↑, ISG20↑, MIR155HG↑, DHRS9↓). Moreover, various transcripts correspond to the host immune response, and have been linked to cancer, atherosclerosis and arthritis, thus highlighting the systemic impact of CP. Protein data of immunological markers validated our results. The present findings expand understanding of Pg elicited immune responses, and indicate new target genes and pathways of relevance to diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Journey through the clinics – The experience of a woman with BRCA2
Authors: Abernethy Kathy
Published: November 2015

Being told that you carry the gene abnormality for breast cancer is hard enough, then being told that you need surgery that will render you menopausal at a young age makes life even harder. Trying to navigate through the NHS, the genetics service, the gynaecology clinics, the gynaecology surgery, primary care services and finally menopause clinics has highlighted the need for cohesive and consistent advice for such women. This woman reports on her personal, generally positive, experience of this journey.
New minerals with a modular structure derived from hatrurite from the pyrometamorphic Hatrurim Complex. Part I. Nabimusaite, KCa12(SiO4)4(SO4)2O2F, from larnite rocks of Jabel Harmun, Palestinian Autonomy, Israel
Authors: Galuskin E. V. , Gfeller F. , Armbruster T. , Galuskina I. O. , Vapnik Y. , Murashko M. , Włodyka R. , Dzierżanowski P.
Published: November 2015

The new mineral nabimusaite, KCa12(SiO4)4(SO4)2O2F (R3m, a = 7.1905(4), c = 41.251(3) Å, V = 1847.1(2) Å3, Z = 3), has been discovered in larnite-ye' elimite nodules of pyrometamorphic rocks of the Hatrurim Complex. Nabimusaite is colourless, transparent with a white streak, has a vitreous lustre and does not show luminescence. It is brittle, but shows pronounced parting and imperfect cleavage along (001). Nabimusaite is uniaxial (–), ω = 1.644(2), ε = 1.640(2) (589 nm), nonpleochroic, Mohs' hardness is ∼5 and the calculated density is 3.119 g cm–3. The crystal structure has been solved and refined to R1 = 0.0416. Its artificial analogue is known. The nabimusaite structure may be derived from that of hatrurite, also known as the clinker phase 'alite' (C3S = Ca3SiO5), and is built up by an intercalation of three positively charged hatrurite-like modules of composition [Ca12(SiO4)4O2F]3+ with inserted modules of [K(SO4)2]3–. The hatrurite-like modules in nabimusaite are characterized by octahedrally coordinated anion sites and tetrahedrally coordinated cation sites. The structure is representative of the intercalated antiperovskite type. In contrast to its synthetic analogue, nabimusaite is P-bearing. The shortened bond T–O lengths for one tetrahedral site indicates P preference at the Si2 site, located at the border of the hatrurite-like modules. Significant variations of isomorphous substitutions in nabimusaite suggest the possibility of other isostructural minerals occurring in Nature. It also seems likely that nabimusaite could serve as a prototype for new advanced synthetic materials, given the discovery of two other new minerals in the Hatrurim Complex with related modular structures, placed in the nabimusaite group. These are zadovite and aradite, as described in a companion paper (Galuskin et al., 2015a).

The mineral assemblage and paragenesis of nabimusaite suggests that nabimusaite formed as a result of the reaction of potassium-enriched, sulfate-bearing melt with larnite and ellestadite. This contradicts the isochemical model that pyrometamorphic rocks of the Hatrurim Complex formed relatively fast in a practically dry system.
Ralphcannonite, AgZn2TlAs2S6, a new mineral of the routhierite isotypic series from Lengenbach, Binn Valley, Switzerland
Authors: Bindi Luca , Biagioni Cristian , Raber Thomas , Roth Philippe , Nestola Fabrizio
Published: November 2015

The new mineral species ralphcannonite, AgZn2TlAs2S6, was discovered in the Lengenbach quarry, Binn Valley, Wallis, Switzerland. It occurs as metallic black equant, isometric to prismatic crystals, up to 50 μm, associated with dufrénoysite, hatchite, realgar and baryte. Minimum and maximum reflectance data for COM wavelengths in air are [λ (nm): R (%)]: 471.1: 25.8/27.1; 548.3: 25.2/26.6; 586.6: 24.6/25.8; 652.3: 23.9/24.8. Electron microprobe analyses give (wt.%): Cu 2.01(6), Ag 8.50(16), Zn 10.94(20), Fe 3.25(8), Hg 7.92(12), Tl 24.58(26), As 18.36(19), Sb 0.17(4), S 24.03(21), total 99.76(71). On the basis of 12 atoms per formula unit, the chemical formula of ralphcannonite is Ag0.63(2)Cu0.25(2)Zn1.35(5)Fe0.47(1)Hg0.32(2)Tl0.97(3)[As1.97(6)Sb0.01(1)]Σ1.98(5)S6.03(8). The new mineral is tetragonal, space group I42m, with a = 9.861 (2), c = 11.125(3) Å, V = 1081.8(4) Å3, Z = 4. The main diffraction lines of the calculated powder diagram are [d (in Å), intensity, hkl]: 4.100, 85, 211; 3.471, 40, 103; 2.954, 100, 222; 2.465, 24, 400; 2.460, 39, 303. The crystal structure of ralphcannonite has been refined by X-ray single-crystal data to a final R1 = 0.030, on the basis of 140 observed reflections [Fo > 4σ(Fo)]. It shows a three dimensional framework of (Ag,Zn)-centred tetrahedra (1 M1 + 2 M2), with channels parallel to [001] hosting TlS6 and (As,Sb)S3 disymmetric polyhedra. Ralphcannonite is derived from its isotype routhierite M1CuM2Hg2TlAs2S6 through the double heterovalent substitution M1Cu+ + M2Hg2+ → M1Zn2+ + M2Ag+. This substitution obeys a steric constraint, with Ag+, the largest cation relative to Zn2+ and Cu+, entering the largest M2 site, as observed in arsiccioite. The ideal crystal-chemical formula of ralphcannonite is M1ZnM2(Zn0.5Ag0.5)2TlAs2S6.
Antipinite, KNa3Cu2(C2O4)4, a new mineral species from a guano deposit at Pabellón de Pica, Chile
Authors: Chukanov Nikita V. , Aksenov Sergey M. , Rastsvetaeva Ramiza K. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Belakovskiy Dmitriy I. , Färber Gunnar , Möhn Gerhard , Van Konstantin V.
Published: November 2015

The new oxalate mineral antipinite is found in a guano deposit located on the Pabellón de Pica Mountain, Iquique Province, Tarapacá Region, Chile. Associated minerals are halite, salammoniac, chanabayaite, joanneumite and clays. Antipinite occurs as blue, imperfect, short prismatic crystals up to 0.1 mm × 0.1 mm × 0.15 mm in size, as well as their clusters and random aggregates. The mineral is brittle. Mohs hardness is 2; Dmeas = 2.53(3), Dcalc = 2.549 g cm–3. The infrared spectrum shows the presence of oxalate anions and the absence of absorptions associated with H2O molecules, C–H bonds, CO32–, NO3– and OH– ions. Antipinite is optically biaxial (+), α = 1.432(3), β = 1.530(1), γ = 1.698(5), 2Vmeas = 75(10)°, 2Vcalc = 82°. The chemical composition (electron-microprobe data, C measured by gas chromatography of products of ignition at 1200°C, wt.%) is Na2O 15.95, K2O 5.65, CuO 27.34, C2O3 48.64, total 99.58. The empirical formula is K0.96Na3.04Cu2.03(C2.00O4)4 and the idealized formula is KNa3Cu2(C2O4)4. The crystal structure was solved and refined to R = 0.033 based upon 4085 unique reflections with I > 2σ(I). Antipinite is triclinic, space group P1, a = 7.1574(5), b = 10.7099(8), c = 11.1320(8) Å, α = 113.093(1), β = 101.294(1), γ = 90.335 (1)°, V = 766.51(3) Å3, Z = 2. The strongest reflections of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I,%) (hkl)] are 5.22 (40) (111), 3.47 (100) (032), 3.39 (80) (210), 3.01 (30) (033, 220), 2.543 (40) (122, 034, 104), 2.481 (30) (213), 2.315 (30) (143, 310), 1.629 (30) (146, 414, 243, 160).
Minjiangite, BaBe2(PO4)2, a new mineral from Nanping No. 31 pegmatite, Fujian Province, southeastern China
Authors: Rao C. , Hatert F. , Wang R. C. , Gu X. P. , Bo F. Dal , Dong C. W.
Published: November 2015

Minjiangite, ideally BaBe2(PO4)2, is a new mineral species which has been found in the Nanping No. 31 pegmatite, Fujian Province, southeastern China. It occurs in the fractures of montebrasite from pegmatite zone IV, and is associated with quartz, muscovite, hydroxylapatite and palermoite. Minjiangite forms subhedral to euhedral white crystals from 5 to 200 μm long, transparent to translucent, with a vitreous lustre. The estimated Mohs hardness is ∼6, the tenacity is brittle and no cleavage was observed. The calculated density is 3.49 g/cm3. Optically, minjiangite is uniaxial (+), with ω = 1.587(3), ε = 1.602(2) (λ = 589 nm). Electron-microprobe analyses (average of 8) give P2O5 40.16, BaO 43.01, BeO 14.06 (measured by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry), SiO2 0.17, CaO 0.17, SrO 0.08, FeO 0.03, MgO 0.01, TiO2 0.07, K2O 0.05, Na2O 0.11, total 97.92 wt.%. The empirical formula, calculated on the basis of 8 O a.p.f.u., is (Ba0.99Ca0.01Na0.01)Σ1.01Be1.98(P1.99Si0.01)Σ2.00O8. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of minjiangite perfectly fits that of synthetic BaBe2(PO4)2; the strongest eight lines of the powder XRD pattern of the natural phosphate [d in Å (I)(hkl)] are: 3.763(100)(101); 2.836(81.3)(102); 2.515(32.3)(110); 2.178(25.6)(200); 2.1620(19)(103); 2.090(63.9)(201); 1.770(16.2)(113); 1.507(25.4)(212). Unit-cell parameters, refined from the powder XRD pattern of natural minjiangite, are a = 5.030(8), c = 7.467 (2) Å, V = 163.96(3) Å3. These unit-cell parameters confirm that minjiangite is the natural analogue of synthetic BaBe2(PO4)2(P6/mmm, a = 5.029(1), c = 7.466 (1) Å, V = 163.52(1) Å3, Z = 1); its crystal structure is topologically similar to that of dmisteinbergite, CaAl2Si2O8, a hexagonal polymorph of anorthite. The formation of minjiangite is related to the hydrothermal alteration of montebrasite by late Ba- and Be-rich fluids.
Yeomanite, Pb2O(OH)Cl, a new chain-structured Pb oxychloride from Merehead Quarry, Somerset, England
Authors: Turner R. W. , Siidra O. I. , Rumsey M. S. , Polekhovsky Y. S. , Kretser Y. L. , Krivovichev S. V. , Spratt J. , Stanley C. J.
Published: November 2015

Yeomanite, Pb2O(OH)Cl, is a new Pb-oxychloride found in the manganese pod mineral assemblage at Merehead (Torr Works) Quarry, near Cranmore, Somerset, England. Yeomanite is named in joint recognition of Mrs Angela Yeoman (1931–) and her company, Foster Yeoman, who operated Merehead Quarry for aggregate until 2006. The mineral is normally white, occasionally grey, with a white streak and a vitreous to transparent lustre. Invariably intimately associated with mendipite, yeomanite appears to be formed of small, twisted, rope-like fibres growing from the end of columnar mendipite masses, forming loose mats and strands resembling asbestos. Individual fibres are generally <8 mm long, but exceptionally may reach up to 15 mm. There is a perfect cleavage parallel to the long axis of the fibres but this is masked by the fibrous nature, especially as individual fibres break easily. The Dcalc for the ideal formula is 7.303 g/cm3. The mean RI in air at 589 nm is 2.27. The eight strongest reflections in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [(d in Å) (Intensity) (hkl)] are: 2.880(100)(113); 2.802(78)(006); 3.293(61)(200); 3.770(32)(011); 2.166(22)(206); 1.662(19)(119); 2.050(18)(303); 3.054(17)(105) Yeomanite is orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 6.585(10), b = 3.855(6), c = 17.26(1) Å, V = 438(1) Å3, Z = 4. Yeomanite is a new example of the growing family of lead oxychloride minerals that have a structure based upon oxocentred OPb4 tetrahedra, which, in this mineral, jointly with OHPb3 triangles, form [O(OH)Pb2]+ chains similar to those observed in synthetic Pb2O(OH)I. Yeomanite is structurally related to sidpietersite, penfieldite and laurionite.
Thrombin and fibrinogen γ′ impact clot structure by marked effects on intrafibrillar structure and protofibril packing
Authors: Domingues Marco M. , Macrae Fraser L. , Duval Cédric , McPherson Helen R. , Bridge Katherine I. , Ajjan Ramzi A. , Ridger Victoria C. , Connell Simon D. , Philippou Helen , Ariëns Robert A. S.
Published: November 2015

Key Points

Thrombin and fibrinogen γ′ regulate protofibril packing within fibrin fibers and thereby influence clot stiffness. Fibrin analysis after dehydration (e.g. electron microscopy) overestimates changes in fiber size due to effects on protofibril packing.
3D structured illumination microscopy of mammalian embryos and spermatozoa
Authors: Popken Jens , Dahlhoff Maik , Guengoer Tuna , Wolf Eckhard , Zakhartchenko Valeri
Published: November 2015

Background

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy performed via 3D structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM) is well established on flat, adherent cells. However, blastomeres of mammalian embryos are non-adherent, round and large. Scanning whole mount mammalian embryos with 3D-SIM is prone to failure due to the movement during scanning and the large distance to the cover glass.

Results

Here we present a highly detailed protocol that allows performing 3D-SIM on blastomeres of mammalian embryos with an image quality comparable to scans in adherent cells. This protocol was successfully tested on mouse, rabbit and cattle embryos and on rabbit spermatozoa.

Conclusions

Our protocol provides detailed instructions on embryo staining, blastomere isolation, blastomere attachment, embedding, correct oil predictions, scanning conditions, and oil correction choices after the first scan. Finally, the most common problems are documented and solutions are suggested. To our knowledge, this protocol presents for the first time a highly detailed and practical way to perform 3D-SIM on mammalian embryos and spermatozoa.
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of intravenously injected adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells in dogs with acute spinal cord injury
Authors: Kim Yongsun , Jo Sung-ho , Kim Wan Hee , Kweon Oh-Kyeong
Published: November 2015

Introduction

Mesenchymal stem cells can potentially be used in therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI). Methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) has been used as a scavenging agent in acute SCI treatment, but its use no longer recommended. This study aimed to identify ways to reduce the usage and risk of high doses of glucocorticoid steroids, and determine whether AD-MSCs could be used as an early alternative treatment modality for acute SCI.

Methods

Sixteen adult beagle dogs with SCI were assigned to four treatment groups: control, MPSS, AD-MSCs, and AD-MSCs + MPSS. Additionally, one dog was used to evaluate the distribution of AD-MSCs in the body after injection. AD-MSCs (1 × 107cells) were injected intravenously once a day for 3 days beginning at 6 hours post-SCI. MPSS was also injected intravenously according to the standard protocol for acute SCI. A revised Tarlov scale was used to evaluate hindlimb functional recovery. The levels of markers for oxidative metabolism (3-nitrotyrosine, 4-hydroxynonenal, and protein carbonyl) and inflammation (cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) were also measured.

Results

At 7 days post-treatment, hindlimb movement had improved in the AD-MSCs and AD-MSCs + MPSS groups; however, subjects in the groups treated with MPSS exhibited gastrointestinal hemorrhages. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed fewer hemorrhages and lesser microglial infiltration in the AD-MSCs group. The green fluorescent protein-expressing AD-MSCs were clearly detected in the lung, spleen, and injured spinal cord; however, these cells were not detected in the liver and un-injured spinal cord. Levels of 3-nitrotyrosine were decreased in the MPSS and AD-MSCs + MPSS groups; 4-hydroxynenonal and cyclooxygenase-2 levels were decreased in all treatment groups; and interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and phosphorylated-signal transducer and activator transcription 3 levels were decreased in the AD-MSCs and AD-MSCs + MPSS groups.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that early intravenous injection of AD-MSCs after acute SCI may prevent further damage through enhancement of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, without inducing adverse effects. Additionally, this treatment could also be used as an alternative intravenous treatment modality for acute SCI.