bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Smartphone Systems to Improve Quality of Life for People With Substance Use Disorder: Interim Report on a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gustafson Sr David , Horst Julie , Boss Deanne , Fleddermann Kathryn , Jacobson Nora , Roosa Mathew , Ross J Charles , Gicquelais Rachel , Vjorn Olivia , Siegler Tracy , Molfenter Todd
Published: May 2022

Background

Researchers have conducted numerous studies seeking to understand how to improve the implementation of changes in health care organizations, but less focus has been given to applying lessons already learned from implementation science. Finding innovative ways to apply these findings efficiently and consistently will improve current research on implementation strategies and allow organizations utilizing these techniques to make changes more effectively.

Objective

This research aims to compare a practical implementation approach that uses principles from prior implementation studies to more traditional ways of implementing change.

Methods

A total of 43 addiction treatment sites in Iowa were randomly assigned to 2 different implementation strategies in a randomized comparative effectiveness trial studying the implementation of an eHealth substance use disorder treatment technology. One strategy used an adaptation of the Network for the Improvement of Addiction Treatment (NIATx) improvement approach, while the other used a traditional product training model. This paper discusses lessons learned about implementation.

Results

This midterm report indicates that use of the NIATx approach appears to be leading to improved outcomes on several measures, including initial and sustained use of new technology by both counselors and patients. Additionally, this research indicates that seamlessly integrating organizational changes into existing workflows and using coaching to overcome hurdles and assess progress are important to improve implementation projects.

Conclusions

At this interim point in the study, it appears that the use of the NIATx improvement process leads to better outcomes in implementation of changes within health care organizations. Moreover, some strategies used in this improvement process are particularly useful and should be drawn on more heavily in future implementation efforts.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03954184; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03954184
The Effect of Fear of Infection and Sufficient Vaccine Reservation Information on Rapid COVID-19 Vaccination in Japan: Evidence From a Retrospective Twitter Analysis
Authors: Niu Qian , Liu Junyu , Kato Masaya , Nagai-Tanima Momoko , Aoyama Tomoki
Published: May 2022

Background

The global public health and socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have been substantial, rendering herd immunity by COVID-19 vaccination an important factor for protecting people and retrieving the economy. Among all the countries, Japan became one of the countries with the highest COVID-19 vaccination rates in several months, although vaccine confidence in Japan is the lowest worldwide.

Objective

We attempted to find the reasons for rapid COVID-19 vaccination in Japan given its lowest vaccine confidence levels worldwide, through Twitter analysis. 

Methods

We downloaded COVID-19–related Japanese tweets from a large-scale public COVID-19 Twitter chatter data set within the timeline of February 1 and September 30, 2021. The daily number of vaccination cases was collected from the official website of the Prime Minister’s Office of Japan. After preprocessing, we applied unigram and bigram token analysis and then calculated the cross-correlation and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between the term frequency and daily vaccination cases. We then identified vaccine sentiments and emotions of tweets and used the topic modeling to look deeper into the dominant emotions. 

Results

We selected 190,697 vaccine-related tweets after filtering. Through n-gram token analysis, we discovered the top unigrams and bigrams over the whole period. In all the combinations of the top 6 unigrams, tweets with both keywords “reserve” and “venue” showed the largest correlation with daily vaccination cases (r=0.912; P<.001). On sentiment analysis, negative sentiment overwhelmed positive sentiment, and fear was the dominant emotion across the period. For the latent Dirichlet allocation model on tweets with fear emotion, the two topics were identified as “infect” and “vaccine confidence.” The expectation of the number of tweets generated from topic “infect” was larger than that generated from topic “vaccine confidence.”

Conclusions

Our work indicates that awareness of the danger of COVID-19 might increase the willingness to get vaccinated. With a sufficient vaccine supply, effective delivery of vaccine reservation information may be an important factor for people to get vaccinated. We did not find evidence for increased vaccine confidence in Japan during the period of our study. We recommend policy makers to share accurate and prompt information about the infectious diseases and vaccination and to make efforts on smoother delivery of vaccine reservation information.
Incorporating Consumers’ Needs in Nutrition Apps to Promote and Maintain Use: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: van der Haar Sandra , Raaijmakers Ireen , Verain Muriel C D , Meijboom Saskia
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Nutrition apps seem to be promising tools for supporting consumers toward healthier eating habits. There is a wide variety of nutrition apps available; however, users often discontinue app use at an early stage before a permanent change in dietary behavior can be achieved.

OBJECTIVE

The main objective of this study was to identify, from both a user and nonuser perspective, which functionalities should be included in nutrition apps to increase intentions to start and maintain use of these apps. A secondary objective was to gain insight into reasons to quit using nutrition apps at an early stage.

METHODS

This study used a mixed methods approach and included a qualitative and a quantitative study. The qualitative study (n=40) consisted of a home-use test with 6 commercially available nutrition apps, followed by 6 focus group discussions (FGDs) to investigate user experiences. The quantitative study was a large-scale survey (n=1420), which was performed in a representative sample of the Dutch population to quantify the FGDs’ results. In the survey, several app functionalities were rated on 7-point Likert scales ranging from 1 (very unimportant) to 7 (very important).

RESULTS

A total of 3 different phases of app use, subdivided into 10 user-centric app aspects and 46 associated app functionalities, were identified as relevant nutrition app elements in the FGDs. Relevance was confirmed in the survey, as all user-centric aspects and almost all app functionalities were rated as important to include in a nutrition app. In the starting phase, a clear introduction (mean 5.45, SD 1.32), purpose (mean 5.40, SD 1.40), and flexible food tracking options (mean 5.33, SD 1.45) were the most important functionalities. In the use phase, a complete and reliable food product database (mean 5.58, SD 1.41), easy navigation (mean 5.56, SD 1.36), and limited advertisements (mean 5.53, SD 1.51) were the most important functionalities. In the end phase, the possibility of setting realistic goals (mean 5.23, SD 1.44), new personal goals (mean 5.13, SD 1.45), and continuously offering new information (mean 4.88, SD 1.44) were the most important functionalities. No large differences between users, former users, and nonusers were found. The main reason for quitting a nutrition app in the survey was the high time investment (14/38, 37%). This was also identified as a barrier in the FGDs.

CONCLUSIONS

Nutrition apps should be supportive in all 3 phases of use (start, use, and end) to increase consumers’ intentions to start and maintain the use of these apps and achieve a change in dietary behavior. Each phase includes several key app functionalities that require specific attention from app developers. High time investment is an important reason to quit nutrition app use at an early stage.
Statewide Assessment of North Carolina Nurse Practitioners' Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Suicide Awareness and Prevention: Protocol for a Statewide Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Whitaker-Brown Charlene , Cornelius Judith Bacchus , Smoot Jaleesa , Khadka Anjala , Patil Arundhati
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Suicide is a major public health problem, which affects people of all ages and ethnicities. Despite being preventable, the rates of suicide have steadily climbed (more than a third) over the past 2 decades.

OBJECTIVE

Nurse practitioners (NPs) must be responsible for recognizing suicide risk and providing appropriate treatment referrals in addition to having an important role in suicide prevention. The reasons why NPs may not pursue suicide prevention training are their lack of suicide awareness and prevention, limited experiences with suicidal patients, and the stigma associated with mental illness. Before we begin to address the gaps within suicide awareness and prevention skills, we need to first examine NPs’ knowledge of and attitudes (stigma) toward suicide prevention.

METHODS

This study will comprise a mixed methods approach. First, quantitative data will be collected using the Suicide Knowledge and Skills Questionnaire and the Suicide Stigma Scale (Brief version) questionnaire. An email will be sent to the NPs explaining the purpose of the study. If they consent, they will click on a link to access the surveys on a secure site. In our previous research with this sample, email reminders to nonresponders after 2 and 4 weeks were sent. The quantitative component will be used to inform the qualitative interviews of this study. The Suicide Knowledge and Skills Questionnaire is a 13-item questionnaire comprising 2 subscales: suicide knowledge and suicide skills. All questions are rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1=completely disagree to 5=completely agree). The survey has been shown to differentiate between those with suicide training and those without and has a Cronbach α score of .84. The Suicide Stigma Scale (Brief version) is a 16-item survey that assesses stigma regarding suicide. The items are measured on a 5-point Likert scale (1: strongly disagree to 5: strongly agree) and have a Cronbach α of .98.

RESULTS

This study was funded by the Faculty Research Grants program through the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Economic Development at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Institutional review board approval was obtained in April 2022. Recruitment occurred between summer and winter 2022. Interview conduction began in December 2022 and will conclude in March 2023. Data will be analyzed during spring and summer 2023.

CONCLUSIONS

The study results will add to the literature on NPs’ knowledge of and attitudes (stigma) toward suicide prevention. It represents a first step in addressing gaps within suicide awareness and prevention skills, among NPs in their respective practice settings.

CLINICALTRIAL

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/39675
Variation in Peritoneal Dialysis Time on Therapy by Country
Authors: Lambie Mark , Zhao Junhui , McCullough Keith , Davies Simon J. , Kawanishi Hideki , Johnson David W. , Sloand James A. , Sanabria Mauricio , Kanjanabuch Talerngsak , Kim Yong-Lim , Shen Jenny I. , Pisoni Ronald L. , Robinson Bruce M. , Perl Jeffrey ,   the PDOPPS Steering Committee
Published: May 2022

Background and objectives

Quantifying contemporary peritoneal dialysis time on therapy is important for patients and providers. We describe time on peritoneal dialysis in the context of outcomes of hemodialysis transfer, death, and kidney transplantation on the basis of the multinational, observational Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (PDOPPS) from 2014 to 2017.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Among 218 randomly selected peritoneal dialysis facilities (7121 patients) in the PDOPPS from Australia/New Zealand, Canada, Japan, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, we calculated the cumulative incidence from peritoneal dialysis start to hemodialysis transfer, death, or kidney transplantation over 5 years and adjusted hazard ratios for patient and facility factors associated with death and hemodialysis transfer.

Results

Median time on peritoneal dialysis ranged from 1.7 (interquartile range, 0.8–2.9; the United Kingdom) to 3.2 (interquartile range, 1.5–6.0; Japan) years and was longer with lower kidney transplantation rates (range: 32% [the United Kingdom] to 2% [Japan and Thailand] over 3 years). Adjusted hemodialysis transfer risk was lowest in Thailand, but death risk was higher in Thailand and the United States compared with most countries. Infection was the leading cause of hemodialysis transfer, with higher hemodialysis transfer risks seen in patients having psychiatric disorder history or elevated body mass index. The proportion of patients with total weekly Kt/V ≥1.7 at a facility was not associated with death or hemodialysis transfer.

Conclusions

Countries in the PDOPPS with higher rates of kidney transplantation tended to have shorter median times on peritoneal dialysis. Identification of infection as a leading cause of hemodialysis transfer and patient and facility factors associated with the risk of hemodialysis transfer can facilitate interventions to reduce these events.

Podcast

This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2022_05_31_CJN16341221.mp3
Ensuring Risk-Free Digital-Banking in US-Economy: Application of Akim’s Model
Authors: Rahman Akim M. , Islam Saadi
Published: May 2022

Humankind today lives with technology-driven lifestyles where services are carried-out in a competitive manner in economy country-wise such as the United States. In this progression, banking services are no different. It has resulted digital-banking in US-economy where few banks do not have physical branches. Under Bank Laws, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) has been protecting bank deposits. However, e-banking is characterized by evolving many factors that are often unpredictable. It faces serious pitfalls being it riskiness in digital banking – bank-led and mobile-led digitals. These weaknesses cause abuses. Customers face perceived risks. It undermines growth-trends of e-banking. Dealing with the challenges in US-economy, application of Akim’s model-Voluntary Insurance (VI)—a proposed product in today’s e-banking, can be impetus for policy-design, which can boost number of users. Welfare Analyses have guided setting insurance-price ensuring customer’s efficiency-cost so that VI becomes appealing. It can present cash-less society sooner than delaying.
ASSESSMENT OF TREND AND EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON OUTPUT OF PALM OIL IN NIGERIA (1975–2018)
Authors: NO ARUOCHA , GC NNAMERENWA
Published: May 2022

The broad objective of this study was to analyze the impact of climatic change on palm oil output in Nigeria (1975–2018) and identify the trend and factors that influenced output performance of palm oil. The study covered 1975–2018 periods. Secondary data were used for the study. The data were analyzed by the use of econometric methods. Findings showed that climatic parameters of rainfall, temperature, radiation, relative humidity, and sunshine exhibited significant positive trends during the 1975–2018 periods; while palm oil output exhibited a significant negative trend during the 1975–2018 periods. Palm oil output had a compound rate of growth of −1.67% per annum; while the climatic parameters of temperature, rainfall, radiation, sunshine, and relative humidity had a compound rate of growth of 0.1%, 0.7%, 0.9%, 1.5%, and 0.8% per annum, respectively. Palm oil output decelerated in growth; rainfall, sunshine, radiation, and relative humidity accelerated in growth; while, temperature stagnated in growth during the period under study. There were no significant differences in the average rate of growth of palm oil and each pair of the selected climatic parameters considered. In the long run, palm oil output was influenced by current values of area harvested of palm oil, rainfall, temperature, sunshine, and time variable; while, in the short run, palm oil output was influenced by 1 year lag values of area harvested of oil palm, palm oil output, rainfall, sunshine, and temperature based on the specified model. There was a fast adjustment to long run equilibrium among the short run independent variables that estimated the response of palm oil output to climatic change. The conclusion of this study is that climatic change affected the production of palm oil in Nigeria within the periods under study. It is, therefore, recommended that farmers should be educated by government and other stake holders in Nigerian agriculture on possible strategies for mitigating the impact of climate change on cash crop production as well as supported financially to cope with the impact of climatic change.
Professional Integration between Public Health and Social Assistance Systems: Challenges and Possibilities
Authors: Santos Adriana Lima dos , Oliveira Lucia Marisy Souza Ribeirode
Published: May 2022

In Brazil, social public policies were inscribed in the Federal Constitution of 1988, under the aegis of social rights. Because they are of universal and egalitarian scope, they provide the exercise of citizenship to Brazilians and, in this context, are the Unified Health System (SUS) and the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS). This study aims to understand the inter-professional integration between these two public policies, whose qualitative approach took the Municipal Health and Social Assistance Departments of the municipality of Senhor do Bonfim - Bahia as the locus of research. The results point to the obstacles that health professionals face in the municipality to provide quality care to the population, however, there is an understanding on their part of the importance of improving the management of these public policies, from the perspective of intersectoriality and integrality of care. and social protection to the population that uses these services.
Química IV
Authors:   Dirección General del Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Espinosa Pérez Areli , Martínez Cuatepotzo Berenice ,   Dirección General del Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Méndez Vargas Nadia Teresa ,   Dirección General del Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades
Published: May 2022

La presente antología tiene el propósito de apoyar con material didáctico a los docentes que imparten la asignatura de Química IV. Atiende una necesidad, ya que en el año 2016 el Colegio aprobó las actualizaciones a los Programas de Estudio de Química I a la IV y por tanto se tienen pocos materiales disponibles.
Temas selectos de Filosofía I
Authors: Mendoza González Mónica Adriana ,   Dirección General del Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Alonso Salas Ángel ,   Dirección General del Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Camacho Crispin Marco Antonio ,   Dirección General del Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Cruz Sánchez Paola María del Consuelo ,   Dirección General del Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Hernández Otañez Joel ,   Dirección General del Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Zamora Borge Paola Elizabeth de la Concepción ,   Dirección General del Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades
Published: May 2022

La presente Antología de Temas Selectos de Filosofía I comprende ocho textos inéditos y un texto seleccionado, escritos por docentes del Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades; la cual se constituye como un recurso teórico-didáctico que abre la posibilidad de promover aproximaciones teóricas y de trabajo en el aula. A través de los diversos artículos se abordan problemáticas y planteamientos desde autores clásicos en el terreno de la epistemología y teoría del conocimiento, hasta los autores y temáticas de emergencia contemporánea. Se encuentran entre otros, abordajes al respecto de la relación entre el sujeto, las posibilidades y límites del conocimiento, las creencias, la ciencia, la hermenéutica, la era digital y la sociofobia o la verdad; sin dejar de lado los temas de importancia actual como la tecnociencia y el transhumanismo.
Química III y IV
Authors: Pérez Pérez María del Consuelo ,   Dirección General del Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Crisóstomo Lucas Carmela ,   Dirección General del Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades
Published: May 2022

La antología didáctica que se presenta es producto del trabajo colegiado de profesores de las áreas de Ciencias Experimentales y Talleres de Lenguaje y Comunicación, pertenecientes a la Escuela Nacional Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades (ENCCH) plantel Sur, fue elaborada como parte de un proyecto Infocab (Iniciativa para Fortalecer la Carrera Académica en el Bachillerato) durante el ciclo escolar 2018-2019. Su propósito es proporcionar a los profesores que imparten las asignaturas de Química III y IV una compilación de estrategias educativas, basadas en la lectura, el análisis y la problematización de textos divulgativos, tendientes al desarrollo y fomento del pensamiento crítico en el alumnado.
Filosofía I
Authors:   Dirección General del Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Figueroa Torres Blanca Estela , González Santana Ricardo ,   Dirección General del Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Ochoa Solís David ,   Dirección General del Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades
Published: May 2022

Una antología puede servir a diferentes propósitos. Una antología de poesía, por ejemplo, deja usualmente a sus lectores seguir su propio camino. Con la filosofía las cosas son diferentes. Con frecuencia, los argumentos de los grandes filósofos descansan en un complejo arreglo de presuposiciones y premisas implícitas, por lo que se necesita una guía cuidadosa para no abrumar al lector. Los textos incluidos en este volumen, y las presentaciones que los acompañan, ofrecen una secuencia que hace posible dilucidar los complejos razonamientos que contienen.
Les influences familiales et culturelles de Charles Baudelaire, instigateur de la Modernité
Authors: Landais Choimet Monique
Published: May 2022

A fin de celebrar el bicentenario del nacimiento de Charles Baudelaire, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo reconstruir el universo familiar y social del vate parisino a fin de percibir mejor, a través de los encuentros nodales experimentados durante su corta vida, las singularidades de su obra poética. De hecho, ciertas personas influyeron definitivamente en el poeta y crítico de arte para que éste revolucionara la visión poética decimonónica. Un padrastro que llega de manera abrupta para romper la armonía familiar impregnada del amor al arte profesado antes por el padre; la belleza negra africana descubierta durante un viaje por el hemisferio sur y sublimada desde entonces como una de las figuras femeninas más inspiradoras; las amistades parisinas tanto poetas como pintores o hasta críticos, quienes marcaron con un sello único y distintivo los constantes intercambios con el poeta maldito; las relaciones amorosas personificadas por la musa ideal dotada de una triple faceta: mujer, hermana e hija. Asimismo, este breve recorrido acaba con un encuentro crucial, aunque efímero, por fungir como síntesis del ars poética baudelairiana, A una transeúnte.
Use of the Combined Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method and EDTA-modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Detection of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Causing Ventilator-associated Respiratory Infections
Authors: Koul Nupur , Kakati Barnali , Agarwal Sonika
Published: May 2022

There is an alarming rise in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) causing nosocomial infections such as ventilator-associated respiratory infections (VARIs). The use of rapid phenotypic methods for the detection and differentiation of carbapenemases elaborated by these CRE would be helpful in providing timely empirical therapeutic options for management of these infections and preventing spread of these CRE strains in hospital settings. Hence, this study aimed to detect CRE among pathogens isolated from the endotracheal secretions recieved from suspected cases of VARIs and differentiate carbapenemases elaborated by these CRE using combined phenotypic methods, such as the modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) and EDTA modified CIM (eCIM). This observational study was conducted over a period of 1 year in the Department of Microbiology and the intensive care unit of a tertiary care center. Carbapenem resistance was found in 75% of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and 50% of Escherichia coli isolates, of which 58.4% were metallo-β-lactamases and 41.6% were serine carbapenemase producers. In conclusion, the combination of the mCIM and eCIM could be useful as an epidemiological tool and be considered essential in deciding the initial antibiotic therapy, help reduce morbidity and mortality associated with VARIs, and guide hospital infection control practices.
Application of Machine Learning in Internet of Things (IoTs)
Authors: Kumar Yoginder
Published: May 2022

Abstract: Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence in which machines learn through real data rather than being explicitly taught to do so. With the growing number of devices on business networks, IT teams are finding it difficult to design adequate security procedures. IoT security is crucial for corporate survival and success, but it comes with its own set of issues. Some of these issues can be addressed using a machine learning (ML) strategy to IoT security. It eliminates the problem of recognizing unknown devices on a network, ensures that they are included in the current security framework, and simplifies IoT management for busy IT teams. In this paper, application of the Machine Learning algorithms in IoT sectors are explored. Keywords: Machine Learning; Internet of Things (IoT); Algorithms; Applications
Validez y confiabilidad de la Escala Breve de Resiliencia Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC 10) en estudiantes universitarios de Lima Metropolitana
Authors: Bernaola Ugarte Alejandro David , Garcia Garcia Miguel , Martinez Campos Noemi , Ocampos Madrid Marks , Livia José
Published: May 2022

La investigación tuvo como propósito analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala Breve de Resiliencia Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC 10). La muestra constó de 345 universitarios de ambos sexos de una universidad privada, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 a 50 años provenientes de Lima Metropolitana (Perú). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la escala breve de resiliencia CD-RISC 10, la Escala de Estrés Percibido (EEP-10) y la Escala de Autoeficacia General (EAG). Para analizar la validez de constructo se realizó un análisis factorial que demostró que el modelo unifactorial explica el 47 % la varianza total acumulada, posteriormente se pasó a corroborar el modelo propuesto a través del análisis factorial confirmatorio que arrojó valores óptimos de ajuste. Se estudió la validez convergente con las variables autoeficacia general (r = .664, p = .000) y una validez divergente con estrés percibido (r = -.402, p = .000). La confiabilidad se estableció a través de los coeficientes de alfa de Cronbach (α = .827) y Omega de McDonald (Ω = .827). Los resultados permiten concluir que el instrumento presenta evidencias de validez y que sus puntuaciones son consistentes.
Fantologías. A propósito de Espectros de Marx
Authors: Gómez-Chacón Avilés José Javier
Published: May 2022

A través de Espectros de Marx el siguiente artículo procura, por rodeos que acogen huéspedes inesperados (Freud, Schopenhauer, Descartes, Calderón de la Barca o Shakespeare), dar cuenta de la condición espectral del marxismo tras la desaparición de la URSS. Pretende de este modo reivindicar la versatilidad de su espíritu, mostrando mediante la desconstrucción, la necesidad de hacer valer, en primer lugar, la dimensión teórica del marxismo a la hora de diagnosticar, analizar y reconocer las prácticas políticas y económicas propias de esta época neoliberal, como por ejemplo las deudas financieras que secuestran la soberanía de los Estados. Pero también, en segundo lugar, su capacidad a la hora de sugerir, de inspirar prácticas políticas subversivas que consigan minar el dominio exacerbado del capital.
Design, Analysis, and Modeling of Curved Photovoltaic Surfaces Using Composite Materials
Authors: Espitia-Mesa Gabriel , Hernández-Pedraza Efraín , Molina-Tamayo Santiago , Mejía-Gutiérrez Ricardo
Published: May 2022

Currently, the use of photovoltaic solar energy has increased considerably due to the development of new materials and the ease to produce them, which has significantly reduced its acquisition costs. Most commercial photovoltaic modules have a flat geometry and are manufactured using metal reinforcement plates and glass sheets, which limits their use in irregular surfaces such as roofs and facades (BIPV) and the transportation sector (VIPV). The purpose of this study is to analyze the design implications of curved photovoltaic surfaces using composite materials. Considering operation and maintenance requirements, the most suitable reinforcement and encapsulation materials are selected based on references and experimental tests. It was found that the maximum radius of curvature that a polycrystalline silicon cell with the dimensions of a SunPower C60 model can achieve is 6.51 m for a failure probability lower than 5 %, which allows us to define the maximum curvature that this photovoltaic surface can reach. Additionally, an analytical model of the reinforcement was implemented using macromechanical models in Matlab™, which was validated by the finite element method employing the composite materials module in Ansys®. Therefore, this paper presents a detailed analysis of the shear stresses between the layers and of the deformations generated in the curved solar panel reinforcement. Finally, under the operating conditions assumed here, carbon fiber presents the best structural behavior in the reinforcement material, while epoxy resin exhibits a better performance in the encapsulation material. These results can facilitate the manufacturing of curved photovoltaic surfaces.
Regulatory effect of exogenous melatonin on the expression of enzyme genes in the AsA-GSH cycle and nitrogen metabolism in rice seedlings under NaCl stress
Authors: Xiang Jing , Huang LunXiao , Ju ChunYan , Huang Qian , Han JiaJia , Jiang Fei , Peng ChunLin , Wei HongYu , Chen YunChe , Zhao ZhengWu
Published: May 2022

In this study, the regulatory effect of exogenous melatonin on the
expression of genes related to the AsA-GSH cycle and nitrogen metabolism
in seedlings under NaCl stress was determined; the homology between
enzyme genes and similar genes in other species was analyzed by applying
different concentrations of exogenous melatonin to rice seedlings under
NaCl stress; and the morphology and physiological indicators of
seedlings were determined. Exogenous melatonin was found to upregulate
the expression of OsGR3, OsGPX1, OsNR2,
OsGS1, and OsGOGAT1 in seedlings under NaCl stress, which
enhanced the enzyme activities of the AsA-GSH cycle and nitrogen
metabolism, ultimately reducing the content of reactive oxygen species
(ROS) and improving the photosynthetic rate and nitrogen efficiency. A
high homology was found when rice OsGR3, OsGPX1,
OsNR2, OsGS1, and OsGOGAT1 were compared with
similar genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, Hordeum vulgare,
Zea mays, and Sorghum bicolor. Further, the location of
the gene on the chromosome, the similar gene structure, GO annotation,
and KEGG metabolic pathways were explained by the functions and
metabolic processes of OsGR3, OsGPX1, OsNR2,
OsGS1, and OsGOGAT1. Overall, our findings indicate that
exogenous melatonin participates in the regulation of enzyme gene
expression during the AsA-GSH cycle and nitrogen metabolism, ultimately
affecting the activities of related enzymes and alleviating the
oxidative damage induced by ROS in seedlings.
An In-vitro Study on Post-surgical Breast Wound Healing Activity by Zinc Oxide Dots and its Optimization using Box Behnken Design
Authors: R Mary Nancy Flora , S Palani , V Renuka , M Chamundeeswari
Published: May 2022

In spite of the discovery of various medicines to heal post-surgical
malignant wounds caused by the recurrence of breast cancer cells after
chemotherapy, still it’s a serious problem to heal malignant wounds
completely for surgeons and this has to be cured in order to avoid
further risk of wound issues. This study is one such attempt taken to
give a solution to heal surgical breast wounds for the future analysts.
For this purpose, we have synthesized a novel bio-compatible fluorescent
quantum dot using curcumin-loaded Zinc oxide bionanocomposite
(Cur-ZnOBC). The ZnOBC is composed of neem essential oil-Aloe-vera gel
complex which acted as a nanoconjugate for the formation of
Cur-ZnOBC.Then it is converted into curcumin-based quantum dots
(Cur-ZnOQDs) using microwave-assisted method in order to improve the
drug delivery purpose. The resulting Cur-ZnOQDs was treated in the
malignant wounds of breast cancer cells post-surgery for wound healing
activity. The synthesized Cur-ZnOQDs was characterized to confirm its
size and morphology. Thus, prepared Cur-ZnOQDs showed low cytotoxicity
(IC50 0.17 µg/mL) to human breast cancer cells. Cell death was noticed
at a very low concentration of 0. 6mg/mL itself. It was also found that
wound closure area was increased from 22.3% at 24 h to 44.2% at 48 h
which was 20 times greater cell migration when compared to control
(untreated cells) and at a very low concentration of Cur-ZnOQDs
(0.1mg/mL). Hence, Cur-ZnOQDs act as bio-enhancers assisting in the
improvement of outcomes associated with breast cancer and, ultimately,
improving the survival rate.
10-OR: Combination Therapy with Anti-CD3 Antibody and Harmine plus Exendin-4 Enhances Remission from Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes.
Authors: LU GEMING , KANG RANDY , LI YANSUI , WANG PENG , ROSSELOT CAROLINA , DEVITA ROBERT J. , STEWART ANDREW F. , GARCIA-OCANA ADOLFO
Published: May 2022

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from loss of both immune tolerance and functional β-cells. Administration of harmine (H) plus exendin-4 (E) markedly induces human β-cell expansion. Anti-CD3 antibody treatment reduces C-peptide loss in T1D patients. Here, we tested whether combination therapy with anti-CD3 antibody and H+E enhances T1D remission in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. First, we tested whether H+E protects human β-cells against inflammation and ER stress. We found that H+E, but not the drugs alone, significantly reduced both thapsigargin- and cytokine-induced human β-cell apoptosis. Single-cell RNAseq of human islets treated with cytokines and H+E showed reduced IL1β and IFNγ signaling in β-cells. Apoptosis genes such as CYLD and RIPK1 were downregulated and prosurvival genes such as HIF1A and VEGFA were upregulated in β-cells of H+E-treated islets. Next, treatment of early-onset diabetic NOD mice with H+E (daily ip) for 8 weeks improved glucose homeostasis but failed to induce long-lasting immune tolerance and T1D remission. Therefore, we next treated early-onset diabetic NOD mice with low-dose anti-CD3 antibody daily for 3 days (40µg/day) followed by 8 weeks treatment with H+E or vehicle (V) (Alzet pumps) . Treatment with anti-CD3 and H+E eliminated hyperglycemia in 100% of the mice vs. only 20% remission in anti-CD3 and V-treated mice. CD3+ T cell numbers were significantly and similarly reduced (∼50%) in mice treated with H+E or V. Preliminary results indicate that activated T cells in pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs) and islet insulitis were significantly reduced, and T regulatory cells in spleen and PLNs were increased in H+E-treated mice. TUNEL+ β-cells were decreased and Ki67+ β-cells were increased in the pancreas of H+E-treated mice. Collectively, these results indicate that combination therapy with low-dose anti-CD3 antibody and H+E enhances T1D remission in diabetic NOD mice by increasing β-cell viability and favoring immune tolerance.

Disclosure

G.Lu: None. R.Kang: None. Y.Li: None. P.Wang: None. C.Rosselot: None. R.J.Devita: None. A.F.Stewart: None. A.Garcia-ocana: Consultant; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

Funding

NIH DK105015
1064-P: Use of the inControl Algorithm for Automated Insulin Delivery during Childbirth: A Case Series
Authors: DONOVAN LOIS E. , MCKEEN JULIE , FEIG DENICE
Published: May 2022

Background: Automated Insulin Delivery systems (AIDs) can improve glucose control in people with type 1 diabetes but study of their use during childbirth is limited. Some commercially available AIDs use the inControl algorithm (iCa) to automate insulin dosing. Tight glycemic control during labor and childbirth is believed to reduce the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia. Immediately postpartum insulin resistance drops leading to large reductions in insulin requirements.

Aim: To examine the performance of the iCa at time of childbirth and develop guidance for pump setting adjustments to maintain euglycemia during labor and childbirth and to prevent hypoglycemia postpartum. Cases: Five women chose to use iCa during childbirth. Two had scheduled caesarean births (CS) . One had a CS after a failed induction of labour. Two had vaginal births. All switched to lower basal rates (at least two-thirds less than their prepregnancy dose) and higher insulin sensitivity factors at least 1 hour prior to childbirth. Sleep activity (SA) was maintained prior to and during CS. Those with vaginal births switched from SA to exercise activity (EA) at time of pushing. iCa stops insulin delivery when glucose is predicted to go below 70 mmol/L in SA or 80 mmol/L in EA in the next 30 minutes.

Results: Hypoglycemia during childbirth and early postpartum was avoided in all five cases despite substantial reduction in insulin need following childbirth. Glucose levels increased after the insulin adjustments were made prior to childbirth, but rose especially after childbirth. There were larger glucose increments among those who changed from SA to EA.

Conclusion: Early adopters of iCa safely used iCa during childbirth. Precautionary reductions in insulin doses made prior to childbirth prevented hypoglycemia at time of childbirth and early postpartum. Mild hyperglycemia resulted in some. Further study is required to assess if these precautionary pump setting adjustments are necessary during labor and childbirth when using the iCa.

Disclosure

L.E.Donovan: Other Relationship; Dexcom, Inc., Inner Analytics, Medtronic, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. J.Mckeen: None. D.Feig: Advisory Panel; Novo Nordisk, Research Support; Apotex.
1073-P: Accelerometer-Derived Movement Patterns in Older People with Diabetes and Varying Functional Status
Authors: YAHALOM-PERI TAL , KODESH EINAT , BASSON-SHLEYMOVICH YAMIT , AZMON MICHAL , BOGINA VERONIKA , KUFLIK TSVI , CUKIERMAN-YAFFE TALI
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is associated with reduced muscle mass, strength and function leading to frailty and disability. Little is known regarding the continuous movement patterns and glucose fluctuation in these functional states. Aims: To identify differences in movement patterns and glucose levels in elderly people with diabetes with ranging functional status.

Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study, amongst people with diabetes over the age of 60. Participants were provided with a blinded Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) system (iPro™ professional CGM, Medtronic) and an activity monitoring device (ActiGraph® GT9X) for 1 week. In order to evaluate their physical functionality, participants underwent elaborate physical-function (PF) tests which were conducted in the beginning and at the end of the week. Participants (n=103) were classified into 3 groups: Low PF (LPF; n=20) , reduced PF (RPF; n=37) and normal PF (NPF; n=46) by using the Fried frailty scale; aerobic, strength and balance score. Movement and glucose indices differences between the groups were determined using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn post-hoc statistical tests.

Results: LPF group had lower average X (Medio-lateral - side to side) and Y (Vertical - up down) axes movements and higher variability expressed by root mean square of the X, Y, Z (Antero-posterior - forwards backwards) axes. In addition, LPF group spent less time performing moderate to vigorous physical activity and had fewer daily steps compared to RPF and NPF groups. CGM data revealed that the LPF group had higher mean glucose levels and they spent less time in target glucose range (70-180 mg/dl) and more time above range (>180 mg/dl) compared to the other groups. All findings were statistically significant (p<0.05) .

Conclusion: In this study of older people with diabetes, participants in the LPF group demonstrated lower stability, lower activity levels and higher glucose rates compared to those in the NPF group.

Disclosure

T.Yahalom-peri: None. E.Kodesh: None. Y.Basson-shleymovich: None. M.Azmon: n/a. V.Bogina: None. T.Kuflik: None. T.Cukierman-yaffe: Research Support; European Association for the Study of Diabetes, Medtronic, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk, Speaker's Bureau; AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk, Sanofi.

Funding

EFSD & an Investigator Initiated Study Medtronic
1085-P: Exploring Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Arterial Stiffness in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: SAUDER KATHERINE A. , GLUECK DEBORAH H. , HARRALL KYLIE K. , DAGOSTINO RALPH , DOLAN LAWRENCE M. , LANE-CORDOVA ABBI , LIESE ANGELA D. , LUSTIGOVA EVA , MALIK FAISAL , MARCOVINA SANTICA M. , MAYER-DAVIS ELIZABETH J. , MOTTL AMY K. , PIHOKER CATHERINE , REYNOLDS KRISTI , SHAH AMY S. , URBINA ELAINE M. , WAGENKNECHT LYNNE E. , DANIELS STEPHEN R. , DABELEA DANA
Published: May 2022

We studied arterial stiffness in youth and young adults with T1D and potential longitudinal mediators of racial and ethnic disparities. SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study participants (n=2317; 14% Hispanic, 12% non-Hispanic Black, 74% non-Hispanic White) had CV risk factors (body size, lipid profile, blood pressure, A1c, urinary creatinine, pulse) measured 2-6 times from ∼9 months up to ˜years after T1D diagnosis. Arterial stiffness was measured with pulse wave velocity (PWV) at ˜years T1D duration (˜18 years of age) . For each risk factor, we summarized the longitudinal data as mean, max, slope, and area-under-the-curve (AUC) . Using split test/replication datasets, we a) identified the summary statistic for each risk factor most associated with PWV using flipped multivariate general linear models, and b) used the resulting statistics to construct a risk score predicting PWV with a stepwise general linear model. The final score included AUC for BMI, triglycerides and creatinine; heart rate slope; max mean arterial pressure; and age and T1D duration at PWV measurement, explaining 35% of variability in PWV at 18 years. PWV varied by race and ethnicity (Figure - left) . Adjustment for the risk score partially attenuated this disparity (Figure - right) . These data suggest CV risk factors from T1D diagnosis onward are related to racial and ethnic disparities in arterial stiffness, but other factors are likely involved.

Disclosure

K.A.Sauder: None. S.M.Marcovina: None. E.J.Mayer-davis: None. A.K.Mottl: Advisory Panel; Bayer AG, Board Member; Bayer AG, Research Support; Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Aurinia, Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Pfizer Inc. C.Pihoker: None. K.Reynolds: Research Support; Amgen Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. A.S.Shah: None. E.M.Urbina: Advisory Panel; Astellas Pharma Inc. L.E.Wagenknecht: None. S.R.Daniels: None. D.Dabelea: None. D.H.Glueck: None. K.K.Harrall: None. R.Dagostino: Consultant; Aetion, Inc., AstraZeneca, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Daiichi Sankyo, Merck & Co., Inc. L.M.Dolan: None. A.Lane-cordova: None. A.D.Liese: None. E.Lustigova: None. F.Malik: n/a.

Funding

National Institutes of Health
1088-P: Racial, Socioeconomic, and Geographical Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) among Medicare Beneficiaries with Diabetes (DM)
Authors: PARK JOOHYUN , ZHOU XILIN , ZHANG PING
Published: May 2022

Despite a high prevalence of DM and CVD in older adults in the US, relatively little is known about how CVD prevalence varies by sociodemographic factors in older adults with DM. Using the 2017-20Medicare Current Beneficiaries Survey, we examined the prevalence of self-reported myocardial infarction (MI) , heart failure (HF) , and stroke by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and others) , poverty (income-to-poverty ratio: ≤100%, <100%─≤120%, <120%─≤135%, <135%─≤200%, and >200%) , educational level (high school) , and urbanicity of residence among Medicare beneficiaries with DM aged ≥65 years. We estimated weighted adjusted prevalence of CVDs using multivariable logistic regression, controlling for age and sex. Compared to non-Hispanic White persons, non-Hispanic Black persons had a higher prevalence of HF and Hispanic persons had a lower prevalence (Figure) ; rural residents had a higher prevalence of MI, HF, and stroke than urban residents; the lowest income group (≤100%) had a higher prevalence of MI, HF, and stroke than the highest income group (>200%) ; and those with high school education (P<0.for all) . CVDs disproportionately affected older adults with DM who live in rural areas and have lower socioeconomic status.

Disclosure

J.Park: None. X.Zhou: None. P.Zhang: None.
1096-P: The LDL-C/apoB Ratio Predicts Future Cardiovascular Events in Cardiovascular Disease Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease as Well as in Those without Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: MAECHLER MAXIMILIAN , SPRENGER LUKAS , MADER ARTHUR , LARCHER BARBARA , VONBANK ALEXANDER , LEIHERER ANDREAS , MUENDLEIN AXEL , DREXEL HEINZ , SAELY CHRISTOPH H.
Published: May 2022

A low LDL-C / apoB ratio reflects small LDL particle size and is associated with insulin resistance. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD) is an important feature of the insulin resistance syndrome and confers an increased cardiovascular risk. The impact of the LDL-C / apoB ratio on the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with NAFLD is unclear and is addressed in the present study. We enrolled a large high risk cohohort of 1515 patients with established cardiovascular disease (1272 patients with angiographically proven stable CAD and 243 patients with sonographically proven peripheral artery disease) . NAFLD was diagnosed using the validated fatty liver index. Prospectively, cardiovascular events were recorded over a mean follow-up period of 7.6±4.9 years. At baseline, the LDL-C / apoB ratio was significantly lower in patients with NAFLD (n=709) than in subjects who did not have NAFLD (1.34±0.29 vs. 1.39±0.26 mg/dl; p=0.001) . During follow-up, 755 patients suffered cardiovascular events. The event rate was higher in patients with than in those without NAFLD (53.6 vs. 47.6%; p=0.020) . The LDL-C/ApoB ratio significantly predicted cardiovascular events in the total study cohort, with a standardized adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.86 [0.80-0.94]; p<0.0 and both in patients with NAFLD (HR 0.87 [0.78-0.97]; p=0.013) and in subjects who did not have NAFLD (HR 0.87 [0.77-0.97]; p=0.013, respectively) . We conclude that in subjects with established cardiovascular disease the LDL-C / apoB ratio predicts cardiovascular events both among patients with NAFLD and in those who do not have NAFLD.

Disclosure

M.Maechler: None. L.Sprenger: None. A.Mader: None. B.Larcher: None. A.Vonbank: None. A.Leiherer: None. A.Muendlein: None. H.Drexel: None. C.H.Saely: None.