bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MMS observations of the KHI during southward IMF and comparison to 2D and 3D simulations
Authors: Blasl Kevin Alexander , Nakamura Rumi , Nakamura Takuma , Plaschke Ferdinand
Published: March 2021

The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) is one of the main drivers of plasma transport across Earth’s magnetopause. Statistical studies have shown that it occurs much more frequently during periods of northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Here we present MMS observations of the instability during southward IMF on September 23, 2017.

Two MMS intervals featuring plasma parameters fulfilling the instability criterion for KH waves are studied. A boundary normal vector analysis indicates the presence of linear waves and a magnetosheath side crossing of a vortex in these intervals. Correspondingly, clear signatures of Low Density Faster Than Sheath (LDFTS) plasma, in general located at the magnetosheath side of vortices, are found indicating a rolled-up vortex structure. Specific variations of the ion bulk velocity and the total pressure strengthen the argument for the detection of linear waves. Interestingly, the vortex-like event features a constant total pressure, which is explained by a magnetosheath side crossing of a vortex structure.

The MMS observations are compared to simulation results from 2D and 3D fully kinetic PIC simulations performed using the plasma parameters observed around the two MMS events. A linearity analysis of the fastest growing mode of the 2D simulation results suggests the detection of the vortex-like event in the early nonlinear phase.

The simulation further demonstrates that the secondary instabilities such as the lower-hybrid drift instability (LHDI) and the Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) grow near the edge of the non-linearly developed KH vortex and strongly disturb the vortex structure. The elongated vortex arm due to the RTI together with disturbances of the vortex structure can also lead to the observed constant total pressure in MMS data. Given the above quantitative consistencies of the simulation and the MMS observations in the earlier growth phase of the KHI, these results suggest that the secondary modes may reduce the observation probability of KH wave/vortex structures during southward IMF.
Creation of a representative climatological database for Hungary from 1870 to 2020
Authors: Izsák Beatrix , Lakatos Mónika , Pongrácz Rita , Szentimrey Tamás , Szentes Olivér
Published: March 2021

Climate studies, in particular those related to climate change, require long, high-quality, controlled data sets that are representative both spatially and temporally. Changing the conditions in which the measurements were taken, for example relocating the station, or a change in the frequency and time of measurements, or in the instruments used may result in an fractured time series. To avoid these problems, data errors and inhomogeneities are eliminated for Hungary and data gaps are filled in by using the MASH (Multiple Analysis of Series for Homogenization, Szentimrey) homogenization procedure. Homogenization of the data series raises the problem that how to homogenize long and short data series together within the same process, since the meteorological observation network was upgraded significantly in the last decades. It is possible to solve these problems with the method MASH due to its adequate mathematical principles for such purposes. The solution includes the synchronization of the common parts’ inhomogeneities within three (or more) different MASH processing of the three (or more) datasets with different lengths. Then, the homogenized station data series are interpolated to the whole area of Hungary, to a 0.1 degree regular grid. For this purpose, the MISH (Meteorological Interpolation based on Surface Homogenized Data Basis; Szentimrey and Bihari) program system is used. The MISH procedure was developed specifically for the interpolation of various meteorological elements. Hungarian time series of daily average temperature and precipitation sum for the period 1870-2020 were used in this study, thus providing the longest homogenized, gridded daily data sets in the region with up-to-date information already included.

Supported by the ÚNKP-20-3 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation andTechnology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund.
Yield estimation of the 2020 Beirut explosion using open access waveform and remote sensing data
Authors: Pilger Christoph , Gaebler Peter , Hupe Patrick , Kalia Andre , Schneider Felix , Steinberg Andreas , Sudhaus Henriette , Ceranna Lars
Published: March 2021

We report on a multi-technique analysis using publicly available data for investigating the huge, accidental explosion that struck the city of Beirut, Lebanon, on August 4, 2020. Its devastating shock wave led to thousands of injured with more than two hundred fatalities and caused immense damage to buildings and infrastructure. Our combined analysis of seismological, hydroacoustic, infrasonic and radar remote sensing data allows us to characterize the source as well as to estimate the explosive yield. The latter ranges between 0.8 and 1.1 kt TNT (kilotons of trinitrotoluene) equivalent and is plausible given the reported 2.75 kt of ammonium nitrate as explosive source. Data from the International Monitoring System of the CTBTO are used for infrasound array detections. Seismometer data from GEOFON and IRIS complement the source characterization based on seismic and acoustic signal recordings, which propagated in solid earth, water and air. Copernicus Sentinel data serve for radar remote sensing and damage estimation. As there are strict limitations for an on-site analysis of this catastrophic explosion, our presented approach based on openly accessible data from global station networks and satellite missions is of high scientific and social relevance that furthermore is transferable to other explosions.
A global gridded monthly water withdrawal dataset for multiple sectors from 2015 to 2100 at 0.5° resolution under a range of socioeconomic and climate scenarios
Authors: Khan Zarrar , Graham Neal , Vernon Chris , Wild Thomas , Chen Min , Calvin Katherine
Published: March 2021

Future sector-specific water withdrawals at a temporal resolution capable of representing patterns in seasonality and a commonly used spatial resolution are an important factor to consider for energy, water, land and environmental research.  Projected water withdrawals that are harmonized with assumptions for alternate futures that capture socioeconomic and climatic variation are critical for many modeling studies on future global and regional dynamics. Here we generate a novel global gridded water withdrawals dataset by coupling the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) with a land use spatial downscaling model (Demeter), a global hydrologic framework (Xanthos) and a water withdrawal downscaling model (Tethys) for the five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) scenarios. The dataset provides sectoral monthly data at 0.5° resolution for years 2015 to 2100. The presented dataset will be useful for both global and regional analysis looking at the impacts of socioeconomic, climate and technological futures as well as in characterizing the uncertainties associated with these impacts.
The impact of a 3-D Earth structure on glacial isostatic adjustment following the Little Ice Age in Southeast Alaska
Authors: Marsman Celine , van der Wal Wouter , Riva Riccardo , Freymueller Jeffrey
Published: March 2021

In Southeast Alaska, extreme uplift rates are primarily caused by glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), as a result of ice load changes from the Little Ice Age to the present combined with a low viscosity asthenosphere. Current GIA models adopt a one-dimensional (1-D) stratified Earth structure. However, the actual (3-D) structure is more complex due to the presence of a subduction zone and the transition from a continental to an oceanic plate. A simplified 1-D Earth structure may not be an accurate representation in this region and therefore affect the GIA predictions. In this study we will investigate the effect of 3-D variations in the shallow upper mantle viscosity on GIA in Southeast Alaska. In addition, investigation of 3-D variations also gives new insight into the most suitable 1-D viscosity profile.

We test a number of models using the finite element software ABAQUS. We use shear wave tomography and mineral physics to constrain the shallow upper mantle viscosity structure. We investigate the contribution of thermal effects on seismic velocity anomalies in the upper mantle using an adjustable scaling factor, which determines what fraction of the seismic velocity variations are due to temperature changes, as opposed to non-thermal causes. We search for the combination of the scaling factor and background viscosity that best fits the GPS data. Results show that relatively small lateral variations improve the fit with a best fit background viscosity of 5.0×1019 Pa s, resulting in viscosities at ~80 km depth that range from 1.8×1019 to 4.5×1019 Pa s.
Determining and improving the analytical blank for radiocarbon analyses of small foraminifera samples using MICADAS and the gas interface system
Authors: Mollenhauer Gesine , Grotheer Hendrik , Bonk Elizabeth , Gentz Torben
Published: March 2021

Foraminifera isolated from deep-sea sediments are among the most common materials in AMS radiocarbon analysis. These results are used to determine accurate age models for sediment sequences as well as to detect changes in deep-sea ventilation. Often, only small numbers of (monospecific) foraminifera shells can be isolated, in particular when studying benthic species in sediments from the polar regions. Therefore, these samples are often analyzed as CO2 gas using MICADAS instruments, and the method can typically be used for samples of up to around 40 ka in age. For reliable results, an accurate determination and minimization of processing blanks is required.

Processing blanks for foraminifera samples may in part derive from acid hydrolysis of the carbonates. It has, however, been shown that contamination of the carbonate fossils, mainly from atmospheric CO2 adsorbed on the porous surfaces of foraminifera, is the largest source of blank found in foraminifera samples. The removal of such contamination has been attempted by various leaching methods, which come at the risk of introducing additional contaminations. Alternatively, blank correction of AMS results may be achieved using fossil foraminifera from ancient deposits much beyond the range of the radiocarbon method.

Here we report results of a systematic test comparing the F14C levels obtained for fossil (>130 ka) and sub-modern monospecific planktic and benthic foraminifera samples using different blank correction approaches. Specifically, we compare leaching with dilute hydrochloric acid, blank correction relative to a leached and an un-leached fossil foraminifera standard, and blank correction relative to the IAEA-C1 certified carbonate standard. 
Local-scale uncertainty of seasonal mean and extreme values of in-situ snow depth and snow fall measurements
Authors: Buchmann Moritz , Begert Michael , Brönnimann Stefan , Marty Christoph
Published: March 2021

Measurements of snow depth and snowfall can vary dramatically over small distances. However, it is not clear if this applies to all derived variables and is the same for all seasons.

To analyse the impacts of local-scale variations we compiled a unique set of parallel snow measurements for the Swiss Alps consisting of 30 station pairs with up to 50 years of parallel data. Station pairs are mostly located in the same villages or within close proximity (less than 3km horizontally and 100m vertically).

We calculated a series of snow climate indicators as derived values from the daily snow depth and snowfall measurements for various seasons (DJF, MA, and November-April). Snow climate indicators include average snow depth, max. snow depth, sum of new snow as well as snow onset and disappearance dates. Further, we quantified the return levels of a 10- and 50-year event for max. snow depth and the 3-day new snow sum to investigate the impact of local-scale variations on the estimation of extreme events, which are often used for prevention measures. We computed the relative differences for all these indicators at each station pair to demonstrate the potential uncertainty.
To address the local-scale variations of the measurement sites, we calculated the potential sunshine duration for each known location using GIS and a DEM. However, information from metadata (including the exact coordinates) has to be treated with caution as it can be correct, incomplete, incorrect or simply missing at all.

We found the largest differences for all indicators in spring and the smallest in DJF and Nov-Apr. Furthermore, there is hardly any difference between DJF and Nov-Apr. Surprisingly, median differences of snow disappearance dates are rather small (three days) and similar to the ones found for snow onset dates (two days).
We tried to explain the variations of snow disappearance dates with accumulated potential sunshine duration during March and April, however, no clear relationship could be found. This suggests that the potential sunshine duration is not an appropriate proxy for local-scale variations, mainly because vegetation, buildings and the like are not available in a DEM.
Modelling the influence of high-energy radiation on the atmospheric composition of the hot Jupiter HD 189733b
Authors: Barth Patrick , Helling Christiane , Stüeken Eva E. , Bourrier Vincent , Mayne Nathan , Rimmer Paul B. , Jardine Moira , Vidotto Aline A. , Wheatley Peter J. , Fares Rim
Published: March 2021

Hot Jupiters provide valuable natural laboratories for studying potential contributions of high-energy radiation to prebiotic synthesis in the atmospheres of exoplanets. HD 189733b, a hot Jupiter orbiting a K star, is one of the most studied and best observed exoplanets. We combine XUV observations and 3D climate simulations to model the atmospheric composition and kinetic chemistry with the STAND2019 network. We show how XUV radiation, cosmic rays (CR), and stellar energetic particles (SEP) influence the chemistry of the atmosphere. We explore the effect that the change in the XUV radiation has over time, and we identify key atmospheric signatures of an XUV, CR, and SEP influx. 3D simulations of HD 189733b's atmosphere with the 3D Met Office Unified Model provide a fine grid of pressure-temperature profiles, consistently taking into account kinetic cloud formation. We apply HST and XMM-Newton/Swift observations obtained by the MOVES programmewhich provide combined X-ray and ultraviolet (XUV) spectra of the host star HD 189733 at 4 different points in time. We find that the differences in the radiation field between the irradiated dayside and the shadowed nightside lead to stronger changes in the chemical abundances than the variability of the host star's XUV emission. We identify ammonium (NH4+) and oxonium (H3O+) as fingerprint ions for the ionization of the atmosphere by both galactic cosmic rays and stellar particles. All considered types of high-energy radiation have an enhancing effect on the abundance of key organic molecules such as hydrogen cyanide (HCN), formaldehyde (CH2O), and ethylene (C2H4). The latter two are intermediates in the production pathway of the amino acid glycine (C2H5NO2) and abundant enough to be potentially detectable by JWST. Ultimately, we show that high energy processes potentially play an important role in prebiotic chemistry.

P Barth et al., MOVES IV. Modelling the influence of stellar XUV-flux, cosmic rays, and stellar energetic particles on the atmospheric composition of the hot Jupiter HD 189733b, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, in press, DOI:10.1093/mnras/staa3989
Modelling coral reef connectivity in the SW Indian Ocean
Authors: Vogt-Vincent Noam , Johnson Helen , Burt April
Published: March 2021

Coral larvae can be transported over great distances by ocean currents, establishing ecological and genetic connectivity between distal coral reefs. Understanding these patterns of connectivity and how they vary through time is essential for effective marine spatial planning, particularly in the SW Indian Ocean which is an under-studied region. However, tracking coral larval dispersal directly is generally unfeasible due to their size, necessitating indirect observations or numerical models. We have developed a regional configuration of the Coastal and Regional Ocean Community Model (CROCO) in the SW Indian Ocean at 1/50o, spanning from the East African coast to the Chagos Archipelago, to simulate surface currents and gain insight into likely coral larval dispersal pathways and connectivity. The configuration is forced by the ERA-5 atmospheric reanalysis at the surface, and the 1/12o CMEMS GLORYS12V1 reanalysis and barotropic tides at the lateral ocean boundaries. We will be carrying out a 25-year interannual simulation and a climatological control simulation. Using lagrangian particle tracking, we will estimate patterns of connectivity between reef sites across the region (with a particular focus on connectivity across Seychelles), and how significant and predictable the temporal variability in connectivity is. Early progress towards this goal will be presented. The longer-term ambition of this project is to assess our predicted connectivity against independent connectivity estimates from genetic studies and previous regional simulations at a lower resolution.
Meiobenthos as indicator of gaseous hydrocarbons reservoirs existing under the seabed of the Black Sea
Authors: Yanko Valentina , Kravchuk Anna , Kulakova Irina , Kondariuk Tatiana
Published: March 2021

This presentation represents a case study that reviews research into the relationship between meiobenthos distribution and concentrations of hydrocarbon gases (HG), primarily methane, in the sediments of the northwestern part of the Black Sea, including gases released by mud volcanoes and gas seeps. Evidence forming the basis of this research comes from meiobenthos here represented by 29 species of benthic foraminifers, 7 species of ostracods, and 44 species of nematodes. The potential use of these meiobenthic organisms as indicators of gaseous hydrocarbons reservoirs existing under the seabed is evaluated according to two linked axes, namely the dual analysis of abiotic factors (physical and chemical parameters of the water column, gasmetrical, geochemical, lithological, and mineralogical properties of the sediments) and biotic characteristics (quantitative and taxonomic composition of foraminifers, nematodes, and ostracods). Studies of this kind have been directed toward developing interdisciplinary methods to improve the search for HG accumulations, especially methane, under the seabed. Development of such methods might have substantial socio-economic importance for the economy of Ukraine as well as that of other Black Sea countries, and such methods might also contribute to the sustainable development of Black Sea ecosystems.
Broadening volcanic eruption forecasting using transfer machine learning
Authors: Dempsey David , Cronin Shane , Kempa-Liehr Andreas , Letourneur Martin
Published: March 2021

Sudden steam-driven eruptions at tourist volcanoes were the cause of 63 deaths at Mt Ontake (Japan) in 2014, and 22 deaths at Whakaari (New Zealand) in 2019. Warning systems that can anticipate these eruptions could provide crucial hours for evacuation or sheltering but these require reliable forecasting. Recently, machine learning has been used to extract eruption precursors from observational data and train forecasting models. However, a weakness of this data-driven approach is its reliance on long observational records that span multiple eruptions. As many volcano datasets may only record one or no eruptions, there is a need to extend these techniques to data-poor locales.

Transfer machine learning is one approach for generalising lessons learned at data-rich volcanoes and applying them to data-poor ones. Here, we tackle two problems: (1) generalising time series features between seismic stations at Whakaari to address recording gaps, and (2) training a forecasting model for Mt Ruapehu augmented using data from Whakaari. This required that we standardise data records at different stations for direct comparisons, devise an interpolation scheme to fill in missing eruption data, and combine volcano-specific feature matrices prior to model training.

We trained a forecast model for Whakaari using tremor data from three eruptions recorded at one seismic station (WSRZ) and augmented by data from two other eruptions recorded at a second station (WIZ). First, the training data from both stations were standardised to a unit normal distribution in log space. Then, linear interpolation in feature space was used to infer missing eruption features at WSRZ. Under pseudo-prospective testing, the augmented model had similar forecasting skill to one trained using all five eruptions recorded at a single station (WIZ). However, extending this approach to Ruapehu, we saw reduced performance indicating that more work is needed in standardisation and feature selection.
Axial Seamount: A Wired Submarine Volcano Observatory in the NE Pacific
Authors: Chadwick William W. , Nooner Scott L. , Wilcock William S. D. , Tolstoy Maya , Waldhauser Felix , Kelley Deborah S. , Arnulf Adrien F. , Carbotte Suzanne M. , Beeson Jeff W.
Published: March 2021

Axial Seamount is the most active submarine volcano in the NE Pacific Ocean, and is monitored by instruments connected to a cabled observatory (the US Ocean Observatories Initiative Cabled Array), supplemented by autonomous battery-powered instruments on the seafloor at ~1500 m depth.  Axial Seamount is a basaltic hot spot volcano superimposed on the Juan de Fuca spreading ridge, giving it a robust and apparently continuous magma supply.  It has had three effusive eruptions in the last 23 years in 1998, 2011, and 2015.  Deformation measurements have been conducted at Axial Seamount since the late 1980’s with bottom pressure recorders (BPRs) that can detect vertical movements of the seafloor with a resolution of ~1 cm.  This monitoring has produced a long-term time-series including co-eruption rapid deflation events of 2.5-3.2 meters, separated by continuous gradual inter-eruption inflation at rates that have varied between 15-80 cm/yr.  The overall pattern appears to be inflation-predictable, with eruptions repeatedly triggered at or near a critical level of inflation.  Using this pattern, the 2015 eruption was successfully forecast within a one-year time window, 7 months in advance.  As of January 2021, Axial Seamount has re-inflated ~2.1 m (~83%) of the 2.54 m it deflated during the 2015 eruption, but the rate of inflation has been decreasing since then.  Our current eruption forecast window is between 2022-2026, based on the latest rate of inflation.  Modeling of the seafloor deformation data along with other recent results from ocean bottom seismometers and multichannel seismic surveys inform our interpretation of the subsurface structure of the volcano and the geometry and depth of the shallow magma storage system.
Survey of Jupiter’s Plasma Disk from Juno Observations
Authors: Bagenal Fran , Huscher Ezra , Wilson Robert , Allegrini Frederic , Ebert Robert
Published: March 2021

Using 30 inbound passes through the Jovian system, we combine measurements from the fields and particles instruments on the Juno spacecraft to survey the properties of Jupiter's plasma disk. Juno's orbit is particularly useful for exploring the variation in plasma conditions with latitude as well as radial distance (from ~10 to ~50 RJ). We present basic plasma properties (composition, density, temperature, velocity, magnetic field strength) to make maps of the plasma environment. Also show that on some of the 53-day orbits the plasma sheet has regular structure (density having roughly Gaussian distribution with latitude and decreasing with distance) but there are also highly irregular orbits with low or erratic density distributions.
Separation of Structural and Measurement Uncertainties in Watershed Hydrological Models
Authors: Gupta Abhinav , Mallya Ganeshchandra , Govindaraju Rao
Published: March 2021

A hydrological model incurs three types of uncertainties: measurement, structural and parametric uncertainty. Measurement uncertainty exists due to errors in the measurements of rainfall and streamflow data. Structural uncertainty exists due to errors in the mathematical representation of hydrological processes. Parametric uncertainty is a consequence of limited data available to calibrate the model, and measurement and structural uncertainties.

Recently, separation of structural and measurement uncertainties was identified as one of the twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology. The information about measurement and structural uncertainties is typically available in the form of residual time-series, that is, the difference between observed and simulated streamflow time-series. The residual time-series, however, provides only an aggregate measure of measurement and structural uncertainties. Thus, the measurement and structural uncertainties are inseparable without additional information. In this study, we used random forest (RF) algorithm to gather additional information about measurement uncertainties using hydrological data across several watersheds. Subsequently, the uncertainty bounds obtained by RF were compared against the uncertainty bounds obtained by two other methods: rating-curve analysis and recently proposed runoff-coefficient method. Rating curve analysis yields uncertainty in streamflow measurements only and the runoff-coefficient yields uncertainty in both rainfall and streamflow measurements. The results of the study are promising in terms of using data across different watersheds for the construction of measurement uncertainty bounds. The preliminary results of this study will be presented in the meeting.
Three-dimensional geometry and growth of a basement-involved fault network developed during multiphase extension, Enderby Terrace, North West Shelf of Australia
Authors: Deng Hongdan , McClay Ken
Published: March 2021

Basement fault reactivation, and the growth, interaction, and linkage with new fault segments are fundamentally three-dimensional and critical for understanding the evolution of fault network development in sedimentary basins. This paper analyses the evolution of a complex, basement-involved extensional fault network on the Enderby Terrace on the eastern margin of the Dampier sub-basin, NW Shelf of Australia. A high-resolution, depth-converted, 3D seismic reflection data volume is used to show that multiphase, oblique extensional reactivation of basement-involved faults controlled the development of the fault network in the overlying strata. Oblique reactivation of the pre-existing faults initially led to the formation of overlying, en échelon Late Triassic – Middle Jurassic fault segments that, as WNW–directed rifting progressed on the margin, linked by breaching of relay ramp to form two intersecting fault systems (F1 and F2-F4). Further reactivation in the Latest Jurassic – Early Cretaceous (NNW–SSE extension) produced an additional set of en échelon fault arrays in the cover strata. The final fault network consists of main or principal faults and subordinate or splay faults, together with branch lines that link the various components. Our study shows that breaching of relay ramps and/or vertical linkages produces vertical and horizontal branch lines giving complex final fault geometries. We find that repeated activity of the basement-involved faults tends to form continuous and planar fault architectures that favor displacement transfer between the main constituent segments along strike and with depth.
Analisis Nilai Tambah dan Pemasaran Kelapa di Desa Simau Kecamatan Galela Induk Kabupaten Halmahera Utara
Authors: Muhammad Munawir
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  menganalisis nilai tambah yang diperoleh petani dan menganalisis saluran pemasaran kelapa di Desa Simau Kecamatan Galela Induk Kabupaten Halmahera Utara. Analisis data  yang digunakan  adalah analisis nilai tambah (Metode Hayami). Untuk menganalisis saluran pemasaran kopra di daerah penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Perhitungan nilai tambah diperoleh  keuntungan dalam pengolahan  kelapa di Desa  Simau adalah sebesar Rp 2.985  per kilo gram dengan tingkat keuntungan sebesar 54,2%. Dalam perhitungan nilai tambah juga  berkaitan dengan balas jasa yang terdiri dari marjin, pendapatan tenaga kerja, sumbangan input lain dan keuntungan. Marjin merupakan selisih antara nilai output dengan harga  input  bahan  baku  adalah  sebesar Rp 4.010 per kilogram. Saluran pemasaran kopra di daerah penelitian terdapat 1 saluran tataniaga, mulai dari produsen ke pedagang pengumpul hingga kepada konsumen. Saluran pemasaran ini memiliki tujuan yaitu mendistribusikan kopra sampai ke konsumen. Pada skema saluran pemasaran dapat dijelaskan bahwa Saluran pemasaran kelapa di daerah penelitian terdapat 2 saluran tataniaga, mulai dari produsen ke pedagang pengumpul dan pedagang pengumpul ke konsumen. Saluran pemasaran ini memiliki tujuan yaitu mendistribusikan kopra sampai ke konsumen. Pada skema saluran pemasaran dapat dijelaskan bahwa petani menjual kelapa ke pedagang pengumpul dan pedagang pengumpul kemudian mengolah kelapa menjadi kopra. Kemudian dijual ke konsumen (Pabrik).
Faktor Risiko Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Pada Populasi Asia: A systematic Review
Authors: Salasa Rosfiah A. , Rahman Hamidah , Andiani Andiani
Published: March 2021

Diabetes mellitus adalah penyakit kronis yang ditandai oleh hiperglikemia akibat gangguan produksi insulin, aksi insulin, atau keduanya. Diabetes melitus (DM)  tipe 2 dikenal juga sebagai non-insulin dependent yaitu diabetes yang disebabkan oleh ketidakmampuan tubuh untuk secara efektif menggunakan insulin. Beberapa penelitian telah melaporkan bahwa faktor risiko terjadinya DM tipe 2 yaitu varian genetik (genetic varian), lingkungan (environment) dan oleh interaksi gen-lingkungan (gene-environment interaction). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendata dan mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian DM tipe 2 pada populasi Asia dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian kajian sistematik (systematic review). Publikasi yang dikaji berupa hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari lembaga pengindeks Pubmed dengan batasan waktu publikasi 5 tahun terakhir. Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh sebanyak 561 artikel tentang faktor risiko DM tipe 2 pada populasi Asia yang kemudian disaring dan dieliminasi dengan beberapa alasan hingga diperoleh 72 artikel yang dinilai layak untuk dikaji. Dari hasil kajian ini diketahui bahwa faktor risiko DM tipe 2 pada populasi Asia secara garis besar yaitu karena varian genetik (genetic varian), faktor lingkungan (environment) dan adanya interaksi antara gen-lingkungan (gene-environment interaction). Terdapat 24 varian genetik yang dilaporkan pada populasi Asia sebagai gen yang rentan terhadap DM tipe 2. Terdapat pula beberapa faktor lingkungan sebagai faktor risiko DM tipe 2 antara lain gaya hidup (lifestyle) dan profil antropometri. Interaksi antara gen-lingkungan juga sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya DM tipe 2, sebagai contoh antara lain interaksi antara gen dengan obesitas dan interaksi antara gen dengan merokok. Secara keseluruhan hasil kajian sistematik ini bermanfaat untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian DM tipe 2 yang dapat dimodifikasi sehingga pencegahan kejadian DM tipe 2 dapat dilakukan.
Analisis Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Masyarakat Kelurahan Rum di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Rum Balibunga Kota Tidore Kepulauan
Authors: Abas Risaldi , Marwati Eri , Kurniawan Didik
Published: March 2021

Pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan merupakan faktor penting dalam penentu kesehatan. Pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan paling erat hubungannya dengan kapan seseorang memerlukan pelayanan kesehatan dan seberapa jauh efektifitas pelayanan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan oleh masyarakat Kelurahan Rum di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Rum Balibunga Kota Tidore Kepulauan Tahun 2019. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif, dengan informan sebanyak 6 informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan oleh masyarakat Kelurahan Rum di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Rum Balibunga, meliputi pengetahuan dan persepsi masyarakat akan pelayanan kesehatan sudah baik, perilaku memanfaatkan pengobatan tradisional dibanding pelayanan kesehatan harus di ubah, sikap dan tindakan masyarakat akan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan belum baik, sikap masyarakat biasa saja ketika melihat masyarakat melakukan pengobatan tradisional padahal tindakan petugas kesehatan dalam memberikan pelayanan sudah baik, fasilitas belum lengkap tetapi sudah sesuai standar kesehatan, dimana berpengaruh dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap minat masyarakat untuk berkunjung, petugas kesehatan melakukan kunjungan rumah ke masyarakat. Sosial budaya mempunyai pengaruh dan tidak membatasi minat masyarakat. Bahkan masyarakat tetap percaya dan butuh pelayanan kesehatan, namun ada yang masih melakukan pengobatan tradisional dan berobat ke Dukun. Diharapkan masyarakat agar lebih memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan sebelum melakukan pengobatan tradisional. Puskesmas Rum Balibunga dapat meningkatkan pelayanan dan melengkapi fasilitas yang belum tersedia, kegiatan kunjungan rumah atau pemberian pelayanan di luar gedung.
Pengaruh Pemberian Mulsa Alang-Alang dan Pupuk NPK Phonska Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Assagaf Said AR.
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus – November 2019 di  Desa Namlea, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pemberian musa alang-alang serta NPK Phonska berbagai takaran agar menghasilkan Hasil terbaik dari Tanaman Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK)  yang terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu faktor pemberian Mmulsa alang-alang dan faktor pemberian pupuk NPK ponska. Faktor pertama adalah  mulsa (M) yang terdiri atas 3 taraf perlakuan yaitu M0 = Tanpa mulsa, M1 = Dengan ketebalan 2 cm, M2 = Dengan ketebalan 4 cm. Faktor kedua adalah pupuk Npk ponska (P) yang terdiri atas 4 taraf perlakuan yakni P0 = tanpa pupuk Npk (control), P1 = 200 Kg /Ha setara dengan 5 Gram/Tanaman, P2 = 300 Kg/Hasetara dengan 7,5 Garam/Tanaman. Hasil Penelitian di dapat bahwa pada pemberian mulsa alang dengan ketebalan 4 cm perpetak bepengaruh sangat nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman tomat. Pada Pemberian pupuk NPK Phonska dengan dosis 300 Kg/Ha setara dengan 7,5 Gram/Tanamanberpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman tomat. Interaksi antara mulsa alang dengan ketebalan 4 cm perpetak dan pupuk NPK Phonska dengan dosis P2 = 300 Kg/Ha setara dengan 7,5 Gram/Tanaman berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman tomat.
Indicators of Marital Satisfaction in Married Couples
Authors: Wazir Sehrish , Bashir Saba , Ghaffar Iqra
Published: March 2021

Understanding the factors which are essential for marital satisfaction can help not only married couples to improve their relationship but it is also beneficial for single individuals to get prepared for the future. The current study was conducted to explore the causes of marital satisfaction among couples living in Bahawalpur. A qualitative, cross-sectional research design was used. Only fertile married couples were included in the study using Snowball Sampling. Questions were generated in the light of Dynamic Goal Theory. Out of 12 couples, every participant was interviewed individually. Verbatim Transcription was applied on the audio recorded interviews. Thematic Analysis of the data explained that husbands and wives like each other because of trusting, respecting, praising and shopping for each other. In a good marital relation, husbands trust their wives leaving them alone at home or outside. They both respect each other in making decisions for practical matters. The most liked topic in a couple’s communication was planning the future of kids. Husbands consider marriage as a beautiful phase of life while most wives take marriage in Islamic perspective. Husbands reported that marriage had given them the quality of hard work as compared to wives who got protection. However, both genders reported improved self-confidence after marriage. The results of study are important for premarital counseling and family therapy.
Pengaruh Kecerdasan Emosional Dan Karakteristik Personal Auditor Terhadap Kualitas Audit Pada Kantor Akuntan Publik Di Makassar
Authors: Octaviany Ade , Mas'ud Masdar , Nasaruddin Fadliah
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk Menguji pengaruh kecerdasar emosional dan pengaruh karakteristik personal seseorang, dalam hal ini auditor terhadap kualitas audit yang dihasilkan oleh auditor di Kantor Akuntan Publik di Makassar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah survei, yaitu meode pengumpulan data premier dengan memberikan pernyataan-pernyataan kepada responden, sehingga informasi akan dikumpulkan dari sebagian populasi untuk mewakili seluruh populasi untuk memperoleh bukti empiris atas pengaruh kecerdasan emosional dan karakteristik personal auditor terhadap kualitas audit. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis, ditemukan bahwa kecerdasan emosional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas audit, sedangkan karakteristik personal auditor berpengaruh negati dan tidak signifikan terhadap kualitas audit.
The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of emotional intelligence and the influence of a person's personal characteristics, in this case the auditor on the quality of audits produced by the auditor at the Public Accountant Office in Makassar. The method used in this study is a survey, which is the method of collecting premier data by giving statements to respondents, so that information will be collected from a portion of the population to represent the entire population to obtain empirical evidence of the influence of emotional intelligence and auditor's personal characteristics on audit quality. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, it was found that emotional intelligence has a positive and significant effect on audit quality, while the personal characteristics of the auditor have a negative effect and are not significant on audit quality.
Pengaruh Pengetahuan, Pengalaman, Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kualitas Audit Pada Kanwil DJP Sulawesi Selatan, Barat, Tenggara Dan KPP Madya Makassar
Authors: Kumalasari Iga , Mursalim Mursalim , Su'un Muh.
Published: March 2021

Auditor berwenang melakukan pemeriksaan untuk menguji kepatuhan pemenuhan kewajiban perpajakan Wajib Pajak dan untuk tujuan lain dalam rangka melaksanakan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan perpajakan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analisis. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Kantor Pajak yang ada di kota Makassar yaitu Kantor Wilayah DJP Sulawesi Selatan, Barat, Tenggara dan Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Madya Makassar. Penentuan sampel penelitian berdasarkan metode teknik sensus dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 60. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian merupakan data primer yang dikumpulkan dengan metode kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda untuk hipotesis Pengetahuan, Pengalaman, dan Profesionalisme. Hasil penelitian dengan analisis regresi linier bergandamenunjukkan bahwa Pengetahuan dan Profesionalisme berpengaruh positif terhadap kualitas audit dan Pengalaman tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit.
The auditor has the authority to conduct audits to test compliance and tax obligations of tax payers and for other purposes in implementing the provisions of tax laws and regulations. This research is a quantitative research with a descriptive analytic approach. The population in this research is a Tax Office located in Makassar City which is South, West, Southeast Sulawesi Regional Tax Office of Directorate General of Taxesand Makassar Medium Tax Office. The determination of the research sample was based on the census technique method with a total sample size of 60. Data analysis is using that used in this study is primary data which gathered with questionnaire method. The data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis for the Knowledge, Experience, and Profesionalism hypothesis. The results of the study with multiple linear regression analysis shows that Knowledge and Profesionalism have a positive effect on Audit Quality and Experience have no effect on Audit Quality.
Pengaruh Antara Pengawasan, Kondisi Fisik dan Prosedur Kerja Dengan terjadinya kecelakaan kerja perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Bahagia Makassar Tahun 2020
Authors: Angriai Yayu , Jafar Nurhaedar , Muchlis Nurmiati
Published: March 2021

Latar Belakang: Rumah sakit merupakan salah satu tempat kerja yang berpotensi menimbulkan bahaya bagi pekerjanya. Kasus yang sering terjadi adalah terkilir, tertusuk jarum suntik, tertusuk jarum abocath, terpeleset, tergores tutup ampul, sakit pinggang, tertimpa benda, terkena arus listrik. Rumah Sakit Bahagia Makassar terdapat beberapa kasus kecelakaan kerja pada perawat seperti terkilir, tertusuk jarum suntik, tertusuk jarum abocath, terpeleset, tergores tutup ampul, sakit pinggang. Metode: penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunaka metode deskriptif korelasional melalui pendekatan cross sectional. Analisis data dengan menggunakan uji Regresi Logistik. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah total sampling dengan jumlah sampel 45 perawat pelaksana. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan sebesar 87% perawat mengalami kecelakaan kerja yang terdiri dari terkilir (47%), tertusuk jarum suntik (67%), tertusuk jarum abacoth (56%), terpeleset (62%), tergores tutup ampul (60%), sakit pinggang (58%). Hasil uji statistic dengan menggunakan uji Regresi Logistik didapati bahwa dari ke tiga variabel yaitu pengawasan diperoleh nilai koefisien regresi sebesar 3.163 dengan sig. 0,004 (sig <0,05), kondisi fisik fisik diperoleh nilai koefisien regresi sebesar 2.251 dengan sig. 0,008 (sig<0,05) dan prosedur kerja diperoleh nilai koefisien regresi sebesar 2.588 dengan sig. 0,002 (sig <0,05) memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dengan kecelakaan kerja perawat. Kesimpulan: penelitian ini menunjukan Adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara pengawasan, kondisi Fisik dan Prosedur kerja dengan terjadinya kecelakaan kerja perawat di ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Umum Bahagia Makassar.
Dukungan Keluarga dan Keaktifan Lansia Dalam Mengikuti Program Posyandu Lansia
Authors: Suryaningsih Endang Koni , Rini Sulistio , Wantonoro
Published: March 2021

Latar belakang: Populasi lansia merupakan fenomena global. Posyandu lansia Indonesia dibentuk untuk mempertahankan kesehatan lansia. Budaya dan dukungan keluarga merupakan faktor yang penting dalam kegiatan posyandu lansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatahui hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dan keaktifan lansia dalam mengikuti kegiatan posyandu lansia.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan survey korelasi dengan pendekatan crosectional. 114 responden yang telah diambil menggunakan teknik accidental sampling dan mengikuti penelitian ini. Analisys statistic Chi-scuare digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan keaktifan lansia dalam mengikuti program posyandu lansia.: Sebagian besar lansia dalam penelitian ini telah mendapat dukungan dari keluarga yaitu 72 responden (63.2%), namun terdapat sekitar 78 (68,4%) responden yang tidak aktif berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan posyandu lansia. Secara statistic didapatkan hubungan yang significant antara dukungan keluarga dan keaktifan lansia dalam kegiatan posyandu lansia (p=0.001)
Kesimpulan: Dukungan keluarga diharapkan terus dilakukan untuk dapat memberikan perhatian, motivasi dan dukungan kepada lansia. Keluarga dapat memberikan dukungan dengan mengingatkan dan memberikan fasilitas untuk berpastisipasi dalam kegiatan setiap bulannya. Memberdayakan keluarga dalam mendukung kegiatan lansia menjadi hal yang menarik untuk peneliatian selanjutnya.
Putusan Hakim Terhadap Hak Asuh Anak Akibat Perceraian Di Pengadilan Agama Polewali Mandar
Authors: Yulianti Sry , Hafidz Ma'ruf , Busthami Dachran S
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian menganalisis Efektifitas Putusan Hak Asuh Anak dan Pertimbangan Hakim di Pengadilan Agama Polewali Mandar dalam memberikan hak pemeliharaan atau hak asuh anak kepada salah satu dari orang tuanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian empiris  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) evektifitas putusan hakim terhadap hak asuh anak akibat perceraian di Pengadilan Agama Polewali Mandar No.195/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Plw terlaksana sudah efektif karna dilaksanakan dengan baik dan memenuhi syarat sesuai dengan putusan Pengadilan Agama dalam pemenuhan hak asuh anak; (2)  faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi putusan hakim terhadap hak asuh anak akibat perceraian di Pengadilan Agama Polewali Mandar , yaitu faktor agama dan faktor materi. Pertimbangan hakim dalam menetapkan hak pemeliharaan anak atau hak asuh anak, selain pertimbangan hukum yang dilakukan, hakim juga melihat kepentingan-kepentingan anak, supaya hak pemeliharaan anak atau hak asuh anak tepat kepada siapa di dapatkan. Hakim juga menggunakan hadist Al-Qur’an dalam mempertimbangkan putusan tentang hak asuh anak.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of legal protection against children through diversion The research objective is to analyze the effectiveness of child custody decisions and judges' judgments at the Polewali Mandar Religious Court in providing custody or custody of children to one of the parents. This study uses an empirical research approach. The results show that: (1) the effectiveness of the judge's decision on child custody due to divorce at the Polewali Mandar Religious Court No.195 / Pdt.G / 2020 / PA.Plw has been implemented effectively because it is implemented well and fulfills requirements in accordance with the decision of the Religious Court in fulfilling child custody rights; (2) the factors affecting the judge's decision on child custody due to divorce at the Polewali Mandar Religious Court, namely religious factors and material factors. Judges considerations in determining child care or child custody rights, in addition to the legal considerations made, the judge also looks at the interests of the child, so that the right to care for the child or the right to custody of the child is right to whom it is obtained. The judge also used the hadith from the Qur'an in considering decisions about child custody.
Pengaruh Harga, Promosi Dan Kualitas Layanan Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Mobil Toyota (Studi Kasus Pada PT. Hadji Kalla Cabang Alauddin)
Authors: Riadi Muhammad , Kamase Jeni , Mapparenta M.
Published: March 2021

Tujuan daripada penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah variable harga, promosi, kualitas layanan mobil merek Toyota berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan konsumen pada PT. Hadji Kalla Cabang Alauddin Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif dengan regresi linear sebagai unit analisis datanya. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang diuji pada 52 sample. Hasil pada studi ini menyatakan bahwa harga berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan konsumen, sedangkan promosi dan kualitas layanan tidak berpengaruh positif.