bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiotherapy for continence and muscle function in prostatectomy: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ouchi Mifuka , Kitta Takeya , Chiba Hiroki , Higuchi Madoka , Abe‐Takahashi Yui , Togo Mio , Kusakabe Naohisa , Murai Sachiyo , Kikuchi Hiroshi , Matsumoto Ryuji , Osawa Takahiro , Abe Takashige , Shinohara Nobuo
Published: April 2024

Objective

To assess the effectiveness of pre‐ and postoperative supervised pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) on the recovery of continence and pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function after robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP).

Patients and Methods

We carried out a single‐blind randomised controlled trial involving 54 male patients scheduled to undergo RARP. The intervention group started supervised PFMT 2 months before RARP and continued for 12 months after surgery with a physiotherapist. The control group was given verbal instructions, a brochure about PFMT, and lifestyle advice. The primary outcome was 24‐h pad weight (g) at 3 months after RARP. The secondary outcomes were continence status (assessed by pad use), PFM function, and the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) score.

Results

Patients who participated in supervised PFMT showed significantly improved postoperative urinary incontinence (UI) compared with the control group (5.0 [0.0–908.0] g vs 21.0 [0.0–750.0] g; effect size: 0.34, P = 0.022) at 3 months after RARP based on 24‐h pad weight. A significant improvement was seen in the intervention compared with the control group (65.2% continence [no pad use] vs 31.6% continence, respectively) at 12 months after surgery (effect size: 0.34, P = 0.030). Peak pressure during a maximum voluntary contraction was higher in the intervention group immediately after catheter removal and at 6 months, and a longer duration of sustained contraction was found in the intervention group compared with the control group. We were unable to demonstrate a difference between groups in EPIC scores.

Conclusion

Supervised PFMT can improve postoperative UI and PFM function after RARP. Further studies are needed to confirm whether intra‐anal pressure reflects PFM function and affects continence status in UI in men who have undergone RARP.
The molecular characteristics of recurrent/metastatic HPV‐positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Flach Susanne , Maniam Pavithran , Hey Shi Ying , Manickavasagam Jaiganesh
Published: April 2024

Objectives

About 17% of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which is mainly comprised of oropharyngeal SCC (OPSCC), will experience disease recurrence, which is often considered incurable when manifested at a metastatic and/or recurrent stage. We conducted a critical qualitative systematic review.

Our objectives were to provide an overview of the molecular landscape of recurrent/metastatic HPV‐positive HNSCC as well as novel molecular biomarkers.

Design

A literature review was conducted to identify studies reporting on the molecular characteristics of recurrent/metastatic HPV‐positive HNSCC, novel molecular biomarkers and treatment options. The reviews of abstracts, full articles, and revision of the included studies, followed by data extraction and quality assessment were performed by three independent assessors. All primary literature, such as retrospective, prospective, and clinical trials as well as basic research studies were considered, and the final search was conducted at the end of February 2023. The level of evidence was rated using the guidelines published by the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐based Medicine and quality was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale criteria.

Results and Conclusions

The literature search resulted in the identification of 1991 articles. A total of 181 full articles were screened, and 66 articles were included in this analysis. Several studies reported that recurrent/metastatic HPV‐positive HNSCC had higher rates of TP53 mutation and were genomically similar to HPV‐negative HNSCC. The detection of circulating tumour tissue‐modified HPV DNA (ctHPVDNA) as a specific biomarker has shown promising results for monitoring treatment response and recurrence in the subset of HPV‐positive HNSCC. In addition, evidence for targeted therapy in recurrent/metastatic HPV‐positive HNSCC has emerged, including agents that inhibit overexpressed EGFR. Studies of combination immunotherapy are also underway.

Our review outlines the latest evidence on the distinct molecular profiles of recurrent/metastatic HPV‐positive HNSCC as well as the clinical potential of ctHPVDNA testing in routine practice. More controlled and longitudinal studies are needed to identify additional molecular targets and to assess the performance and benefits of novel molecular biomarkers in clinical practice.
Exploring local perceptions and drivers of engagement in biodiversity monitoring among participants in payments for ecosystem services schemes in southeastern Mexico
Authors: Izquierdo‐Tort Santiago , Alatorre Andrea , Arroyo‐Gerala Paulina , Shapiro‐Garza Elizabeth , Naime Julia , Dupras Jérôme
Published: April 2024

Payments for ecosystem services (PES) are widely applied incentive‐based instruments with diverse objectives that increasingly include biodiversity conservation. Yet, there is a gap in understanding of how to best assess and monitor programs’ biodiversity outcomes. We examined perceptions and drivers of engagement related to biodiversity monitoring through surveys among current PES participants in 7 communities in Mexico's Selva Lacandona. We conducted workshops among survey participants that included training and field deployment of tools used to monitor biodiversity and land cover, including visual transects, camera traps, acoustic recorders, and forest cover satellite images. We conducted pre‐ and postworkshop surveys in each community to evaluate changes in respondents’ perceptions following exposure to biodiversity monitoring training and related field activities. We also reviewed existing research on participatory environmental management and monitoring approaches. One quarter of current PES participants in the study area participated in our surveys and workshops. The majority stated interest in engaging in diverse activities related to the procedural aspects of biodiversity monitoring (e.g., planning, field data collection, results dissemination) and acknowledged multiple benefits of introducing biodiversity monitoring into PES (e.g., knowledge and capacity building, improved natural resource management, and greater support for conservation). Household economic reliance on PES was positively associated with willingness to engage in monitoring. Technical expertise, time, and monetary constraints were deterrents. Respondents were most interested in monitoring mammals, birds, and plants and using visual transects, camera traps, and forest cover satellite images. Exposure to monitoring enhanced subsequent interest in monitoring by providing respondents with new insights from their communities related to deforestation and species’ abundance and diversity. Respondents identified key strengths and weaknesses of applying different monitoring tools, which suggests that deploying multiple tools simultaneously can increase local engagement and produce complementary findings and data. Overall, our findings support the relevance and usefulness of incorporating participatory biodiversity monitoring into PES.
Welche Faktoren beeinflussen die Teilnahme am gesetzlichen Hautkrebsscreenings in Deutschland?
Authors: Andrees Valerie , Wolf Sandra , Liebers Jan , Augustin Matthias , Girbig Gefion
Published: April 2024

Hintergrund und Ziele

Aufgrund der steigenden Hautkrebsinzidenz wurde in Deutschland im Jahr 2008 ein bundesweites gesetzliches Hautkrebsscreening (gHKS) eingeführt. Die vorliegende Studie zielt darauf ab, (1) zu analysieren, welche patientenseitigen Faktoren mit der Teilnahme am gHKS in Deutschland assoziiert sind und (2) die Gründe für die Nichtteilnahme zu untersuchen.

Patienten und Methodik

Teilnehmer und Nichtteilnehmer von gHKS (≥ 35 Jahre) wurden im Rahmen der Routineversorgung in neun dermatologischen Ambulanzen rekrutiert. Es wurden Gründe für die (Nicht‐)Teilnahme, Wissen über Hautkrebs sowie klinische und sozioökonomische Daten erhoben. Nach Gruppen stratifiziert, wurden deskriptive Analysen und binäre logistische Regressionsanalysen für Zusammenhänge mit der Teilnahme durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

Von den 294 gHKS‐Teilnehmern und 162 Nichtteilnehmern waren 46,5% männlich mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 54,5 ± 12,7 Jahren. Insgesamt hatten 87,1% der Teilnehmer in ihrer Kindheit einen Sonnenbrand und 47,1% hatten bereits Sonnenbanken benutzt. Höheres Alter, weibliches Geschlecht, frühere Nutzung von Sonnenbanken sowie die Sorge um und das Wissen über Hautkrebs standen in signifikantem Zusammenhang mit einer bisherigen Teilnahme an gHKS. Von den Nichtteilnehmern wussten 46% nichts von der Möglichkeit eines kostenlosen gHKS, und 40% begründeten ihre Nichtteilnahme mit dem Gefühl gesund zu sein.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die Gründe für die Nichtteilnahme an gHKS wie soziodemografische Merkmale und Risikoverhalten sollten bekannt sein, damit gHKS‐Programme optimiert werden können.
Managing hypertriglyceridemia for cardiovascular disease prevention: Lessons from the PROMINENT trial
Authors: Yamashita Shizuya , Hirano Tsutomu , Shimano Hitoshi , Tsukamoto Kazuhisa , Yoshida Masayuki , Yoshida Hiroshi
Published: April 2024

Background

Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that hypertriglyceridemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, large clinical studies on triglyceride‐lowering therapy have yielded inconsistent results. In the current review, we reassess the importance of triglyceride‐lowering therapy in preventing CVD based on previous literature and the recently published findings of the PROMINENT trial.

Methods

This narrative review is based on literature and public documents published up to November 2023.

Results

Meta‐analyses of trials on peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α agonists and triglyceride‐lowering therapy, including the PROMINENT trial, have indicated that triglyceride‐lowering therapy can reduce CVD events. Mendelian randomization studies have also indicated that triglyceride is indeed a true risk factor for coronary artery disease, leaving no doubt about its relationship to CVD. Meanwhile, the negative results from the PROMINENT trial were likely due to the insufficient triglyceride‐lowering effect, slight increases in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B, and the inclusion of mostly high‐intensity statin users as target patients. It is unlikely that adverse events counteracted the effectiveness of pemafibrate on outcomes. Additionally, pemafibrate has shown positive effects on non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and peripheral artery disease.

Conclusion

Although the PROMINENT trial did not demonstrate the significance of pemafibrate as a triglyceride‐lowering therapy in a specific population, it does not necessarily negate the potential benefits of treating hypertriglyceridemia in reducing CVD events. It is necessary to explore appropriate populations that could benefit from this therapy, utilize data from the PROMINENT trial and other databases, and validate findings in real‐world settings.
Front‐line and second‐line treatment for mantle cell lymphoma in clinical practice: A multicenter retrospective analysis
Authors: Harmanen Minna , Sorigue Marc , Khan Madiha , Prusila Roosa , Klaavuniemi Tuula , Kari Esa , Jantunen Esa , Sunela Kaisa , Rajamäki Aino , Alanne Erika , Kuitunen Hanne , Jukkola Arja , Sancho Juan‐Manuel , Kuittinen Outi , Rönkä Aino
Published: April 2024

Background

There are few reports of clinical practice treatment patterns and efficacy in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively studied a large, multicenter, cohort of patients with MCL diagnosed between 2000 and 2020 in eight institutions.

Results

536 patients were registered (73% male, median of 70 years). Front‐line treatment was based on high‐dose cytarabine, bendamustine, and anthracyclines in 42%, 12%, and 15%, respectively. The median PFS for all patients was 45 months; 68, 34, and 30 months for those who received high‐dose cytarabine‐based, bendamustine‐based and anthracycline‐based therapy. 204 patients received second‐line. Bendamustine‐based treatment was the most common second‐line regimen (36% of patients). The median second‐line PFS (sPFS) for the entire cohort was 14 months; 19, 24, and 31 for bendamustine‐, platinum‐, and high‐dose cytarabine‐based regimens, with broad confidence intervals for these latter estimates. Patients treated with cytarabine‐based therapies in the front‐line and those with front‐line PFS longer than 24 months had a substantially superior sPFS.

Conclusion

Front‐line treatment in this cohort of MCL was as expected and with a median PFS of over 3.5 years. Second‐line treatment strategies were heterogeneous and the median second‐line PFS was little over 1 year.
Effects of flooding and warming on soil nitrogen fraction transformation under low‐molecular‐weight organic acid inputs
Authors: He Liping , Zhao Yashuai , Lan Bo , Tian Tao , Wen Ming , Tong Bo , Gu Yuhan , Su Dingxin , Yan Wenlian , Wang Longqing
Published: April 2024

Flooding and climate warming lead to the increase of low‐molecular‐weight organic acid (LMWOA) inputs to soil. However, it is unclear what the effects of flooding and climate warming on soil nitrogen fraction transformation under LMWOA input are. Fluvisol was collected in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir to conduct an incubation experiment with the treatments of three LMWOAs at five contents, two hydrological environments and two temperatures. Compared with LMWOA input of 0 mg kg−1, the soil nitrogen in ion exchangeable fraction (IEF‐N), strong oxidant extractable fraction (SOEF‐N) and non‐transformable nitrogen (NTF‐N) were increased by 35.77, 54.71 and 25.49 mg kg−1, respectively, under LMWOA input of 40 mmol kg−1. Soil nitrogen in the weak acid extractable fraction (WAEF‐N) was decreased by 117.41 mg kg−1. Microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) was increased by 25.29 mg kg−1, and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was decreased by 8.03 g kg−1. The contents of IEF‐N, NTF‐N and amorphous iron oxides were higher under the flooding environment than under the drying environment. In contrast, opposite results were observed for soil nitrogen in the strong alkali extractable fraction (SAEF‐N), SOEF‐N and MBN. IEF‐N and NTF‐N contents were higher at 20°C than at 30°C, and the contents of SOEF‐N and MBN were higher at 30°C than at 20°C. WAEF‐N was dissolved by LMWOA through CaCO3 dissolution. The dissolved WAEF‐N was partly transformed into SOEF‐N and NTF‐N by microbial assimilation and humification. Flooding desorbed SAEF‐N through the crystalline transformation of iron oxides. Flooding inhibited the transformation of IEF‐N to SOEF‐N and promoted the formation of NTF‐N, while warming did the opposite. The results provide a perspective of the bound state between soil and nitrogen for understanding the soil nitrogen cycling and help to assess the impacts of climate warming and flooding on soil nitrogen loss from soil to the surrounding water.
Structural insights into α‐(1→6)‐linkage preference of GH97 glucodextranase from Flavobacterium johnsoniae
Authors: Nakamura Shuntaro , Kurata Rikuya , Miyazaki Takatsugu
Published: April 2024

Glycoside hydrolase family 97 (GH97) comprises enzymes like anomer‐inverting α‐glucoside hydrolases (i.e., glucoamylase) and anomer‐retaining α‐galactosidases. In a soil bacterium, Flavobacterium johnsoniae, we previously identified a GH97 enzyme (FjGH97A) within the branched dextran utilization locus. It functions as an α‐glucoside hydrolase, targeting α‐(1→6)‐glucosidic linkages in dextran and isomaltooligosaccharides (i.e., glucodextranase). FjGH97A exhibits a preference for α‐(1→6)‐glucoside linkages over α‐(1→4)‐linkages, while Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron glucoamylase SusB (with 69% sequence identity), which is involved in the starch utilization system, exhibits the highest specificity for α‐(1→4)‐glucosidic linkages. Here, we examined the crystal structures of FjGH97A in complexes with glucose, panose, or isomaltotriose, and analyzed the substrate preferences of its mutants to identify the amino acid residues that determine the substrate specificity for α‐(1→4)‐ and α‐(1→6)‐glucosidic linkages. The overall structure of FjGH97A resembles other GH97 enzymes, with conserved catalytic residues similar to anomer‐inverting GH97 enzymes. A comparison of active sites between FjGH97A and SusB revealed differences in amino acid residues at subsites +1 and +2 (specifically Ala195 and Ile378 in FjGH97A). Among the three mutants (A195S, I378F, and A195S‐I378F), A195S and A195S‐I378F exhibited increased activity toward α‐(1→4)‐glucoside bonds compared to α‐(1→6)‐glucoside bonds. This suggests that Ala195, located on the Gly184‐Thr203 loop (named loop‐N) conserved within the GH97 subgroup, including FjGH97A and SusB, holds significance in determining linkage specificity. The conservation of alanine in the active site of the GH97 enzymes, within the same gene cluster as the putative dextranase, indicates its crucial role in determining the specificity for α‐(1→6)‐glucoside linkage.
Extended ozone depletion and reduced snow and ice cover—Consequences for Antarctic biota
Authors: Robinson Sharon A. , Revell Laura E. , Mackenzie Roy , Ossola Rachele
Published: April 2024

Stratospheric ozone, which has been depleted in recent decades by the release of anthropogenic gases, is critical for shielding the biosphere against ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation. Although the ozone layer is expected to recover before the end of the 21st century, a hole over Antarctica continues to appear each year. Ozone depletion usually peaks between September and October, when fortunately, most Antarctic terrestrial vegetation and soil biota is frozen, dormant and protected under snow cover. Similarly, much marine life is protected by sea ice cover. The ozone hole used to close before the onset of Antarctic summer, meaning that most biota were not exposed to severe springtime UV‐B fluxes. However, in recent years, ozone depletion has persisted into December, which marks the beginning of austral summer. Early summertime ozone depletion is concerning: high incident UV‐B radiation coincident with snowmelt and emergence of vegetation will mean biota is more exposed. The start of summer is also peak breeding season for many animals, thus extreme UV‐B exposure (UV index up to 14) may come at a vulnerable time in their life cycle. Climate change, including changing wind patterns and strength, and particularly declining sea ice, are likely to compound UV‐B exposure of Antarctic organisms, through earlier ice and snowmelt, heatwaves and droughts. Antarctic field research conducted decades ago tended to study UV impacts in isolation and more research that considers multiple climate impacts, and the true magnitude and timing of current UV increases is needed.
Local reflects global: Life stage‐dependent changes in the phenology of coastal habitat use by North Sea herring
Authors: Rademaker Mark , Peck Myron A. , van Leeuwen Anieke
Published: April 2024

Climate warming is affecting the suitability and utilization of coastal habitats by marine fishes around the world. Phenological changes are an important indicator of population responses to climate‐induced changes but remain difficult to detect in marine fish populations. The design of large‐scale monitoring surveys does not allow fine‐grained temporal inference of population responses, while the responses of ecologically and economically important species groups such as small pelagic fish are particularly sensitive to temporal resolution. Here, we use the longest, highest resolution time series of species composition and abundance of marine fishes in northern Europe to detect possible phenological shifts in the small pelagic North Sea herring. We detect a clear forward temporal shift in the phenology of nearshore habitat use by small juvenile North Sea herring. This forward shift might be linked to changes in water temperatures in the North Sea. We next assessed the robustness of the effects we found with respect to monitoring design. We find that reducing the temporal resolution of our data to reflect the resolution typical of larger surveys makes it difficult to detect phenological shifts and drastically reduces the effect sizes of environmental covariates such as seawater temperature. Our study therefore shows how local, long‐term, high‐resolution time series of fish catches are essential to understand the general phenological responses of marine fishes to climate warming and to define ecological indicators of system‐level changes.
Habitat alteration or climate: What drives the densities of an invading ungulate?
Authors: Dickie Melanie , Serrouya Robert , Becker Marcus , DeMars Craig , Noonan Michael J. , Steenweg Robin , Boutin Stan , Ford Adam T.
Published: April 2024

Anthropogenic habitat alteration and climate change are two well‐known contributors to biodiversity loss through changes to species distribution and abundance; yet, disentangling the effects of these two factors is often hindered by their inherent confound across both space and time. We leveraged a contrast in habitat alteration associated with the jurisdictional boundary between two Canadian provinces to evaluate the relative effects of spatial variation in habitat alteration and climate on white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) densities. White‐tailed deer are an invading ungulate across much of North America, whose expansion into Canada's boreal forest is implicated in the decline of boreal caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), a species listed as Threatened in Canada. We estimated white‐tailed deer densities using 300 remote cameras across 12 replicated 50 km2 landscapes over 5 years. White‐tailed deer densities were significantly lower in areas where winter severity was higher. For example, predicted deer densities declined from 1.83 to 0.35 deer/km2 when winter severity increased from the lowest value to the median value. There was a tendency for densities to increase with increasing habitat alteration; however, the magnitude of this effect was approximately half that of climate. Our findings suggest that climate is the primary driver of white‐tailed deer populations; however, understanding the mechanisms underpinning this relationship requires further study of over‐winter survival and fecundity. Long‐term monitoring at the invasion front is needed to evaluate the drivers of abundance over time, particularly given the unpredictability of climate change and increasing prevalence of extreme weather events.
A safe space in a strange place: A case study of the safety mechanisms of CrossFit culture
Authors: Burø Thomas , Christensen Jannick Friis , Petersen Linea Munk
Published: April 2024

Based on a 1‐year ethnographic case study of a Copenhagen‐based CrossFit gym we demonstrate how an organized training place is made physically, psychologically, and socially safe. This we show empirically by analyzing how the local multi‐sited CrossFit gym ‘CHALK’ maintains its safe space through three organizing mechanisms: (1) coach‐led learning progression and practice of the physical craft of CrossFit exercise, intended to prevent injury; (2) a dynamic relation between ‘Rx’ and ’scaling’, that is, setting universal standards for an exercise (Rx) and adjusting to individual levels of competence (scaling), actively preventing the high intensity workout from becoming high risk and from setting idealized norms that only few can live up to, but feel compelled to pursue nonetheless; (3) an egalitarian culture whose practice enables members to participate regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, socio‐economic class, sexual orientation, and prior exercise experience. Our ethnomethodological approach further allows us to discuss how certain signifiers of difference are recognized but either do not become salient or do not matter in respect to the functional training. Rather, we find and argue for the possibility to engage in ‘tomboy‐ish behavior’ that challenges gender and other identity performances in CHALK. In identifying necessary and sufficient conditions for establishing safe space, the article contributes to extant literature, showing how safe space can emerge as an effect of everyday practice, in contrast to being intentional and declared.
Ten steps to transform ideas into product innovations: An interdisciplinary collaboration between nursing and engineering
Authors: Fernández‐Feito Ana , del Rocío Fernández‐Rodríguez María , Cueto‐Cuiñas Marcos , Zurrón‐Madera Paula , Sierra‐Velasco Jose Manuel , Cortizo‐Rodríguez Jose Luis , González‐García María
Published: April 2024

Aims

To describe the development process of a device from the conception of the idea to the first contact with the commercial environment, and to demonstrate its practical application through an interdisciplinary collaboration between nursing and engineering for the design of a protective device for peripheral venous catheters.

Background

Nurses are key agents for identifying unresolved needs or problems related to nursing care. To address these needs, creative ideation processes are often triggered among nurses to seek technological answers to these challenges.

Results

The ten steps to develop a device are presented: (1) detecting an unsatisfied clinical need; (2) searching for preexisting marketed products; (3) searching for patents; (4) maintaining confidentiality throughout the process; (5) obtaining institutional support; (6) forming a multidisciplinary team; (7) developing the idea; (8) applying for a patent; (9) building the prototype; (10) marketing the device. This methodology was applied to design a protective device for peripheral venous catheters in hospitalized patients.

Conclusions

Nurses can play a key role in the promotion of healthcare innovation in their field to improve procedures, thanks to their direct contact with patients, and by providing their insight on devices that can enhance patient care. The successful interdisciplinary collaboration between nurses and engineers can provide a response to relevant clinical problems such as the manipulation or removal of peripheral venous catheters.

Implications for nursing and/or health policy

A hospital policy is required to encourage the participation of nurses in innovative actions. Furthermore, it is important to support nurse leaders who can play a pivotal role in incorporating creativity into work environments and empowering other nurses to innovatively address clinical issues.

No patient or public contribution

This article describes the process for developing a health device.
AI in teacher education: Unlocking new dimensions in teaching support, inclusive learning, and digital literacy
Authors: Zhang Jia , Zhang Zhuo
Published: April 2024

Background

AI can positively influence teaching by offering support for classroom management, creating inclusive learning environments, enhancing digital skills, personalizing teaching methods, and strengthening teacher‐student relationships.

Objectives

This quantitative research study investigates the opportunities, difficulties, and consequences of incorporating AI into teacher education.

Methods

Data were collected through structured questionnaires from 202 college students and 68 staff members. The analysis was conducted using SPSS software.

Results

The study provides a novel contribution by its thorough investigation of the diverse effects of AI on teacher education. It offers beneficial perspectives on the possible benefits and challenges, illuminating the far‐reaching changes that AI could bring to the terrain of learning and instruction and teaching methods in the time yet to come. The research sought to assess the effect of AI adoption in teacher education across five main dimensions: (i) its influence on teaching support and classroom management, (ii) its role in creating inclusive and accessible learning environments, (iii) its contribution to improving teachers' digital literacy and computer skills, and enhancing access to digital teaching resources, (iv) its positive influence on identifying students' learning styles and facilitating the adoption of diverse teaching methods, and (v) its role in strengthening teacher‐student relationships through improved interactions.

Conclusion

The findings elucidate the promising opportunities that AI presents in the field of teacher education, along with the obstacles that require resolution for the effective fusion of AI educational settings.
KIAA0040 enhances glioma growth by controlling the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway
Authors: He Jie , Xue Kaming , Fan Fei , Li Lin , Rao Xinyu , Liu Wei , Nie Chuansheng
Published: April 2024

The role of KIAA0040 role in glioma development is not yet understood despite its connection to nervous system diseases. In this study, KIAA0040 expression levels were evaluated using qRT‐PCR, WB and IHC, and functional assays were conducted to assess its impact on glioma progression, along with animal experiments. Moreover, WB was used to examine the impact of KIAA0040 on the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. Our study found that KIAA0040 was increased in glioma and linked to tumour grade and poor clinical outcomes, serving as an independent prognostic factor. Functional assays showed that KIAA0040 enhances glioma growth, migration and invasion by activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Of course, KIAA0040 enhances glioma growth by preventing tumour cell death and promoting cell cycle advancement. Our findings suggest that targeting KIAA0040 could be an effective treatment for glioma due to its role in promoting aggressive tumour behaviour and poor prognosis.
Childhood behavior problems and adverse economic outcomes: a 30‐year population‐based study of intergenerational income mobility
Authors: Bégin Vincent , Vergunst Francis , Haeck Catherine , Vitaro Frank , Tremblay Richard E. , Côté Sylvana M. , Fontaine Nathalie M.G.
Published: April 2024

Background

The objectives of this study were to (a) assess the associations between early behavioral problems and intergenerational income mobility (i.e., the degree to which income status is transmitted from one generation to the next), (b) verify whether these associations are moderated by child sex, and (c) explore indirect effects of early behavioral problems on income mobility via high school graduation.

Methods

Data were drawn from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children (n = 3,020; 49.17% girls). Participants were followed from age 6 to 37 years. Measures included parents' and teachers' ratings of behavioral problems at age 6 years as well as participants' (ages 30–35 years) and their parents' (when participants were aged 10–19 years) income data obtained from tax return records. Regression models were used to predict upward and downward mobility (i.e., increased or decreased income status from one generation to the next) from attention‐deficit/hyperactivity problems, conduct/opposition problems, depression/anxiety problems, prosociality, and the quality of children's relationship with their caregiver. Two‐way interaction effects between behavioral problems and child sex were examined and indirect effect models including high school graduation as a mediator of these associations were conducted.

Results

Despite their higher educational attainment, females had lower incomes and experienced lower upward (but higher downward) income mobility than males. For both females and males, higher levels of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity and conduct/opposition problems were associated with decreased odds of upward mobility, whereas higher levels of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity were associated with increased odds of downward mobility. Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity problems, conduct/opposition problems as well as low prosociality were associated with lower educational attainment (no high school diploma), which in turn was associated with increased odds of downward mobility.

Conclusions

Results highlight the importance of providing intensive support to children with early behavioral problems as a means of improving educational attainment and intergenerational income mobility.
Financial stress among college students: New data about student loan debt, lack of emergency savings, social and personal resources
Authors: Danahy Rachel , Loibl Cäzilia , Montalto Catherine P. , Lillard Dean
Published: April 2024

We provide updated results about the link between student loan debt and emergency savings with financial stress, and after conditioning for differences in social and personal resources. We use the stress process model framework and data from the 2020 Study on Collegiate Financial Wellness (N = 25,310) to estimate ordered probit regression models. The 2020 data confirm that students report higher levels of stress if they hold more loan debt and have lower emergency savings. Students with higher levels of financial socialization and financial self‐efficacy experience less financial stress and experience more stress when they report both positive and negative financial management behaviors. Among student‐borrowers, the role of social and personal resources is weakened. The data confirm ongoing financial stress among college students and points to the important role of financial socialization through parents and financial skill in students' ability to cope with financial stress.
Law and order? Associations between payday lending prohibition and alternative financial services use by degree of enforcement
Authors: Harvey Melody , Robb Cliff A. , Peterson Christopher L.
Published: April 2024

Sixteen jurisdictions in the United States prohibit payday lending through stringent usury laws or well‐established nonprofitable 36% interest rate caps. Yet over one in 10 consumers residing in these jurisdictions borrowed payday loans in the past 5 years. This raises questions about actual policy implementation and enforcement. We employ data from the 2018 National Financial Capability Study to investigate if associations between payday lending prohibitions and payday borrowing differ by degree of enforcement. We find that nuances in degree of enforcement among restrictive states are not associated with payday borrowing likelihoods. However, these nuances appear when examining payday borrowing frequency, particularly when controlling for consumers' financial circumstances and when conditioning on alternative financial services consumers. We consistently note the highest borrowing behaviors for states sans regulation. Policymakers may consider strengthening enforcement in cases where the primary goal is preventing or reducing payday borrowing.
The association of teamwork and missed nursing care in acute care setting: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Kohanová Dominika , Solgajová Andrea , Cubelo Floro
Published: April 2024

Aim(s)

Teamwork among healthcare professionals is a key aspect of patient safety that influences the prevalence of missed nursing care. The association between teamwork and missed care in acute care hospitals is now well established in the literature. Therefore, this review aimed to synthesise the existing empirical evidence on the association between teamwork and missed care in the acute care setting.

Design

A mixed‐method systematic review study.

Methods

The search was carried out in February 2023 in four scientific databases, PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science and Scopus based on their institutional availability. The search produced 1542 studies. The method of thematic analysis was used in data synthesis.

Results

A total of 18 studies were selected that revealed the relationship between teamwork and missed care. The teamwork score was weak to moderate but significantly associated with the overall score of missed care and was found to be a statistically significant predictor of missed care in an acute care setting. Additionally, teamwork represented an important reason for missed care, primarily in the context of poor communication, lack of trust and cooperation in the nursing team and lack of leadership.

Conclusion

The review findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the intricate dynamics between teamwork and missed care and provide valuable information to healthcare professionals and institutions looking to optimise teamwork and mitigate instances of missed care in the acute care setting.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Recognising how teamwork influences the occurrence of missed care, healthcare organisations can strategically implement targeted interventions to enhance collaboration, address communication gaps, foster trust, and provide effective leadership.

Impact

This review suggests that improving teamwork seems to be one of the most important strategies focused on mitigating missed care in acute care settings.

Reporting Method

The reporting of this review followed the PRISMA 2020 checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Linguistic dissection of nursing handoffs: Implications for patient safety in varied‐acuity hospital settings
Authors: Galatzan Benjamin J. , Johnson Elizabeth , Judson Tonya , Shan Liang
Published: April 2024

Aim

This study examines the intricate language and communication patterns of nurse‐to‐nurse handoffs across three units with varying patient acuity levels and nurse–patient ratios, seeking to identify linguistic factors that may affect the quality of information transfer and patient outcomes.

Design

A mixed‐methods cross‐sectional design.

Methods

This study used the Nurse‐to‐Nurse Transition of Care Communication Model to explore the content and meaning of language in nursing handoffs within a large academic medical centre. Data were collected on three units through digital audio recordings of 20 handoffs between June and September 2022, which were transcribed and analysed using the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count programme. Trustworthiness was established by adhering to COREQ and STROBE guidelines for qualitative and quantitative research, respectively.

Results

Analysis revealed a preference for casual, narrative language across all units, with ICU nurses demonstrating a higher confidence and leadership in communication. Cognitive processes such as insight and causation were found to be underrepresented, indicating a potential area for miscommunication. Communication motives driven by affiliation were more pronounced in ICU settings, suggesting a strong collaborative nature. No significant differences were observed among the units post multiple testing adjustments. Speech dysfluencies were most pronounced in ICU handoffs, reflecting possible stress and cognitive overload.

Conclusion

The study highlights the need for improved communication strategies such as interventions to enhance language clarity and incorporating technological tools into handoff processes to mitigate potential miscommunications and errors. The findings advance nursing science by highlighting the critical role of nuanced language in varied‐acuity hospital settings and the necessity for structured nurse education in handoff communication and standardized handoff procedures.

Implications for the profession and patient care

This study underscores the critical role of language in nurse‐to‐nurse handoffs. It calls for enhanced communication strategies, technology integration and training to reduce medical errors, improving patient outcomes in high‐acuity hospital settings.

Patient or Public Contribution

Nurses only.
Tongue pressure and maxillofacial muscle activities during swallowing in patients with mandibular prognathism
Authors: Nagasaki Tsukasa , Kurihara‐Okawa Kanako , Okawa Jumpei , Nihara Jun , Takahashi Kojiro , Hori Kazuhiro , Fukui Tadao , Ono Takahiro , Saito Isao
Published: April 2024

Background

Coordination among lip, cheek and tongue movements during swallowing in patients with mandibular prognathism remains unclear.

Objectives

This study aimed to identify the temporal sequences of tongue pressure and maxillofacial muscle activities during swallowing in patients with mandibular prognathism and compared characteristics with those of healthy volunteers.

Methods

Seven patients with mandibular prognathism (mandibular prognathism group) and 25 healthy volunteers with individual normal occlusion (control group) were recruited. Tongue pressures and masseter, orbicularis oris, mentalis and supra‐ and infrahyoid muscle activities while swallowing gel were measured simultaneously using a sensor sheet system with five measurement points and surface electromyography, respectively. Onset time, offset time and durations of tongue pressure and muscle activities were analysed.

Results

In the mandibular prognathism group, tongue pressure was often produced first in more peripheral parts of the palate. Offset of tongue pressure in the posteromedian and peripheral parts of the palate and maxillofacial muscle activities except for orbicularis oris were delayed. Duration of tongue pressure in the anteromedian part of the palate was significantly shorter and durations of masseter, mentalis and suprahyoid muscle activities were significantly longer. Times to onset of orbicularis oris and suprahyoid muscle activities based on first onset of tongue pressure were significantly shorter.

Conclusion

These results suggest that patients with mandibular prognathism may exhibit specific patterns of tongue pressure production and maxillofacial muscle activities during swallowing.
Enterprise risk management and corporate tax planning
Authors: Eastman Evan M. , Ehinger Anne C. , Xu Jianren
Published: April 2024

This study examines the impact of enterprise risk management (ERM) programs on corporate tax planning. ERM is a holistic approach to managing an enterprise's entire portfolio of risks. We hand‐collect data on ERM adoption for a sample of Standard & Poor's 500 firms from 1993 to 2016. We empirically document that firms with ERM programs have lower cash effective tax rates than firms without ERM. Additionally, we find that the relation between ERM and tax avoidance is stronger among firms with more business segments. Finally, our results suggest ERM adoption offsets an increase in opacity and tax uncertainty typically associated with tax avoidance strategies. Overall, we provide evidence that ERM allows firms to exploit tax avoidance opportunities through enhanced coordination and communication.
Predator's Prey: Reframing indigenous representation and Hollywood franchise cinema in the age of SVOD
Authors: Albarrán‐Torres César , Lynch Andrew
Published: April 2024

Hulu's Prey (2022), the fifth installment of the Predator franchise, is set in 1719 and features a Comanche female protagonist. The setting is unlike the 1987 Predator and its sequels, with their hardbody machismo and conservative politics. We argue that Prey is a small but significant step in Hollywood, but its inclusivity comes at a price. Though praised as progressive, it perpetuates a worldview in which Native Americans are ‘noble savages’ and processes of colonial dispossession are framed as quasi‐natural occurrences. Prey provides clues on the future of franchises in terms of how minority histories and subjectivities are represented.
Adverse childhood experiences and dental cleaning during pregnancy: Findings from the North and South Dakota PRAMS, 2017–2021
Authors: Testa Alexander , Jackson Dylan B. , Crawford Allison , Mungia Rahma , Ganson Kyle T. , Nagata Jason M.
Published: April 2024

Objective

Research demonstrates that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)—that is, experiences of abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction—are related to lower preventive dental care utilization in childhood and adolescence. However, limited research has explored the connection between ACEs and preventive dental care utilization in adulthood, and no research has examined this relationship during pregnancy. The current study extends existing research by investigating the relationship between ACEs and dental cleaning and dental care utilization during pregnancy among a sample of women who delivered live births in North Dakota and South Dakota.

Methods

Data are from the 2017 to 2021 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) in North Dakota and South Dakota (n = 7391). Multiple logistic regression is used to examine the relationship between the number of ACEs (0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 or more) and dental cleaning during pregnancy.

Results

Relative to respondents with 0 ACEs, those with 4 or more ACEs were significantly less likely to report having dental care during pregnancy (OR = 0.757, 95% CI = 0.638, 0.898). By racial and ethnic background, the results showed that the significant associations are concentrated among White and Native American respondents.

Conclusions

The results suggest that exposure to 4 or more ACEs is associated with a significantly lower likelihood of dental cleaning during pregnancy among women who delivered a live birth in North Dakota and South Dakota. Further investigations are necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying the relationship between ACEs and dental cleaning during pregnancy and replicate the findings in other geographic contexts.
Pulmonary thrombotic pulmonary hypertension managed using antithrombotic and pulmonary vasodilator treatment
Authors: Horikawa Rina , Suzuki Ryohei , Yuchi Yunosuke , Satomi Shuji , Saito Takahiro , Teshima Takahiro , Matsumoto Hirotaka
Published: April 2024

An 8‐year‐old Leonberger receiving immunosuppressive treatment with clinical signs of acute dyspnea, cyanosis, and difficulty standing was referred to our institution (Day 1). Treatment including oxygen, clopidogrel, and low‐molecular‐weight heparin was initiated for suspected pulmonary thrombosis. However, exertional dyspnea persisted until Day 10, and increased tricuspid regurgitation velocity, pulmonary vascular resistance, and McConnell's signs also were observed. Thus, beraprost sodium was administered PO on Day 11 to treat suspected pulmonary hypertension. On Day 13, contrast‐enhanced computed tomography identified extensive contrast defects in the pulmonary arteries, and IV monteplase was administered on Days 14 and 18, with marked improvement in respiratory status and exertional dyspnea on Day 20. Right ventricular function and McConnell signs also improved, and tricuspid regurgitation velocity and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased. On Day 250, echocardiography indicated further improvement in pulmonary hypertension pathophysiology. The patient was still progressing well with antithrombotic and pulmonary vasodilator treatment 400 days later.
Granuloprival cerebellar cortical degeneration in a Yorkshire Terrier and Lagotto Romagnolo dog
Authors: Mignan Thomas , Pumarola Martí , Platt Simon , James Matthew , Pereira Marta , Morey‐Matamalas Antonia , Recio Alfredo
Published: April 2024

Granuloprival degeneration is an uncommon form of cerebellar cortical degeneration (CCD). A 3‐month‐old Yorkshire Terrier and a 7‐month‐old Lagotto Romagnolo dog were presented with a history of progressive cerebellar dysfunction including wide‐based stance, cerebellar ataxia, intention tremors, and loss of menace response despite normal vision. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain identified marked diffuse decrease of the cerebellum size. Euthanasia was performed in both cases because of progression of clinical signs. Histopathological examination identified marked diffuse thinning of the granular cell layer with almost complete loss of the granular cell neurons, providing a definitive diagnosis of granuloprival CCD. Granuloprival CCD should be considered as a differential diagnosis in Yorkshire Terrier and Lagotto Romagnolo dogs with post‐natal progressive clinical signs of cerebellar dysfunction.