bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of fractional composition of fuel on engine performance
Authors: Apazhev A K , Shekikhachev Y A , Batyrov V I , Bolotokov A L , Shekikhacheva L Z
Published: March 2021

The fractional composition of the fuel is associated with the operational characteristics of engines, in particular, the temperature regime and start-up, the tendency to form steam locks in the fuel system, and fuel costs. In the case of using fuel with an octane number lower than that required for this engine, knocking occurs. Therefore, the fuel must be knock-resistant, i.e. the ability to burn in the engine at rated speed without explosions. The chemical stability of the fuel is also important - the ability to resist the formation of tar and oxidation during a certain (induction) period at a temperature of 100° C. The physical stability of the fuel is characterized by the absence of light fractions that evaporate during storage and transportation of gasoline. Fuel contamination is caused by the ingress of various mechanical impurities or water into its composition during storage and transportation. The presence of these impurities affects the performance of the fuel system, clogs it, as a result of which it fails, and in winter can lead to its freezing. Thus, the fractional composition of the fuel should be such that a good start of the engine and rapid acceleration of the power plant, low specific fuel consumption, uniform qualitative and quantitative distribution of the combustible mixture over the engine cylinders, minimal wear of pistons and cylinders are ensured, which confirms the relevance of studies aimed at study of the influence of the fractional composition of fuel on the performance of the engine.
Influence of fertilizer system on the dynamics of nitrogen content and balance on newly developed lands
Authors: Shevchenko V A , Soloviev A M , Bondareva G I , Popova N P
Published: March 2021

Under the conditions of the North-West region, the influence of fertilizer systems and precursors on the dynamics of the accumulation of easily hydrolysable nitrogen and the balance of its total content during the development of unproductive sod-podzolic soils of light granulometric composition was studied. For an eight-year research period, the mineral fertilizer system in the cultivation of barley at the planned yield (40 kg/ha) does not compensate for the loss of easily hydrolysable nitrogen. The organo-mineral system (40 t/ha of organic fertilizers or 100 m3/ha of liquid wastewater from livestock complexes) contributes to an increase in the content of easily hydrolysable nitrogen in the arable soil layer by 2.5 … 5.1 and 2.1 … 5.2 mg/kg of soil, compared to control. Stabilization of the balance of the total nitrogen content occurs with an annual application of 6.9 … 7.2 t/ha of solid fraction of manure or 35 … 37 m3/ha of liquid effluents and expanded reproduction of soil fertility is ensured with the incorporation of 9.7 … 11.0 t/ha solid fraction or 49 … 52 m3/ha of liquid waste. The most intensive accumulation of easily hydrolysable nitrogen is observed when using spring rape as a precursor, on the background of which the highest yield of barley was also obtained.
Technical solutions for cleaning drainage water from irrigated areas
Authors: Drovovozova T I , Mariach S A , Panenko N N
Published: March 2021

In recent years, there has been an increasing shortage of fresh water suitable for irrigation, which does not subsequently cause soil salinization. To solve the above problem, it is necessary to reconstruct the collector-drainage system into a circulation system. Using the example of open collectors, the dynamics of the chemical composition during the growing season was studied, which showed its dependence on the intensity of irrigation, the salinity of irrigation water, and the seasonal amount of precipitation. A comprehensive assessment of the suitability of water from open collectors for irrigation in terms of salinity, chloride salinity, sodium and magnesium alkalinization and soda formation has been carried out. The necessity of additional treatment of drainage and waste waters to exclude soil salinization has been established. Technical solutions for the purification of the drainage runoff in the stream and with the help of a mobile treatment plant are proposed. A diagram of a removable filter cassette operating in a honeycomb type for water purification in a stream is presented.
Use and development of technology for producing porous composite sorbents based on man-made raw materials
Authors: Tepina M S , Gorlenko N V , Murzin M A
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper was to study the characteristics of porous composite materials based on man-made waste from aluminum and silicon industries. Using chemical and X-ray diffraction methods of analysis, it was found that the dust of silicon production consisted, on average, of 86% silica, and the remaining harmful impurities, due to their low content in the samples, were not recorded by the device, which indicated the potential use of this man-made material as a basis for the development of sorption material. Also, the dust of electrostatic precipitators from aluminum production was used in the samples. Liquid glass was used as a binder for the above-described components. This substance has adhesive properties; in addition, it is known that the interaction of NaOH, which is part of liquid glass, and fine-crystalline silicon is accompanied by active release of hydrogen following an exothermic reaction. Therefore, fine-crystalline silicon was used as a reagent for imparting a porous structure to the sorbent. The increased content of fine man-made waste near metallurgical enterprises proves the need for their use in various industries. Furthermore, studies have shown that the studied industrial materials can be used as raw materials for the production of sorbents.
Ecological plasticity of spring wheat varieties in the Krasnoyarsk region
Authors: Keler V V , Martynova O V , Mozgovoy S S
Published: March 2021

The aim of the work was to study the ecological plasticity of soft spring wheat. To achieve this goal the following tasks were defined: to evaluate varieties of soft spring wheat by yield, elements of environmental plasticity and stability, using the principle of ranking varieties, to evaluate their adaptability to environmental conditions. Varieties of soft spring wheat «Altaiskaya 70», «Kanskaya», «Novosibirskaya 15», «Novosibirskaya 29», «Novosibirskaya 31», «Novosibirskaya 41», «Omskaya 32» and «Vavenkov’s memory» were the objects of research. The parameters of ecological plasticity and stability (bi, σ) were calculated using the method of S. A. Eberhart and W. A. Russell, the homeostatic index (Hom) was calculated using the formula of V. V. Khangildin, and stability parameters of spring wheat were calculated using the method of E. D. Nettevich. The varieties «Kanskaya», «Omskaya 32», «Altaiskaya 70»realized their yield potential in the conditions of the variety testing area to a greater extent. Comparison of different methods for evaluating varieties for stability and plasticity showed that their resolution was not the same. The most complete information is provided by the use of several methods, while it is more convenient to use the principle of ranking varieties by all parameters and to evaluate them by the sum of points. Under contrasting growing onditions, the varieties showed different adaptive properties in terms of yield. It responded to improvements in growing conditions well and reduced yields in adverse conditions to a lesser extent.
Integration and implementation of quality systems at melioration enterprises
Authors: Bondareva G I , Leonov O A , Shkaruba N Zh , Karpuzov V V
Published: March 2021

The introduction of an integrated management system at the enterprises of the reclamation profile in the form of a merger of three basic systems - a quality management system, a health and safety management system has substantiated. The features of the application of a complex of interrelated standards at an enterprise with a melioration profile have described. The advantages, the construction algorithm, the main stages, the procedure for organizing activities for the development and implementation of an integrated management system at a land reclamation enterprise have given.
Demethanization of coal seams in the Karaganda basin
Authors: Kenetayeva A A , Usupayev Sh E , Kryazheva T V , Rabatuly M , Salkeyeva A K , Sembayeva G N
Published: March 2021

The role of various geological factors in the formation of the demethanization zone is considered in a number of works. The main factors that determine the depth of distribution of the zone of gas weathering are noted - the history of the geological development of the basin, the angle of incidence of the coal-bearing strata, the presence, thickness and nature of the covering deposits; hydrogeological conditions.
On the content of total sulfur in raw coals of various grades
Authors: Koval’ Yu N
Published: March 2021

The environmental safety of using coals and their combustion efficiency depends on the total sulfur content. The author analysed the sulfur content of the coals of the Irsha-Borodinsky, Altai, Irkutsk and Kuznetsk deposits. Gravimetric analysis was used as analytical methods. The results of the study showed that the coals taken from the boiler houses contain from 2.7% to 3.9% of total sulfur and belong to the sulphurous group. These coals are noticeably inferior to the high-quality coals of the world market in terms of their sulfur content. This means that the fuel does not meet the high requirements for environmental friendliness when burning and can harm the ecosystem.
Research of interaction process of shanks of concave disc springs of tillage machines
Authors: Vyhovskyi A Yu , Rogovskii I L , Voinash S A , Galimov R R , Maksimovich K Yu , Timofeev E V , Erk A F
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of new solution of the applied research task that consists in mathematical modelling of the interaction process of concave disk spring shanks and a soil medium, taking into account the random nature of soil response, in the form of a non-linear dynamic movement model. It has allowed for determining the optimal dynamic characteristics and the design parameters of the spring shanks of a disk operating element: rigidity, reduced mass, frequency and amplitude of oscillations. A structural diagram of the interaction process of a concave disk and the soil, where oscillations of an operating element on a spring shank with a certain amplitude and frequency create a feedback in the system “soil – disk – spring shank”, has been suggested. A mathematical model has been developed and a theoretical investigation on the change in the drag forces of a disk operating element on a spring shank has been conducted. The dynamic characteristics of a spring shank in the course of unit operation have been determined within the range of the rigidity variation limits from 20 kN/m to 40 kN/m, the reduced mass limits from 100 N to 300 N, the draft force variation limits from 200 N дo 2000 N.
Design and rationale for parametres of the seed-fertilizer seeder coulter for subsoil broadcast seeding
Authors: Nukeshev S O , Kakabaev N A , Romanyuk N N , Troyanovskaya I P , Smelik V A , Voinash S A
Published: March 2021

For sowing grain crops on stubble, stubble seeders with tine coulters are used, which perform technological operations in one pass. However, they do not meet the requirements of the agricultural machinery to ensure an even distribution of seeds in the sub-spear space. The subsoil no-drill planting creates the most favorable conditions for growth and development of cultivated crops and at the same time, grain crop yields are increased on average by 10…30%. Using no-drill planting, seeders equipped with spear coulters with spreaders for no-drill subsoil seeding provide the best quality and distribute the seeds evenly over the field. The article proposes the original design of the seed drill coulter for no-drill planting, which provides an even seed distribution over the feeding area. As a result of the theoretical researches the optimal parameters of the diffuser for the grain drill coulter are determined and the dependence between the unevenness on the test parameters of the diffuser and the height of the pendulum spreader, the base diameter are obtained. The purpose of this research is to develop the design and rationale of parameters of the grain drill for subsoil no-drill planting, the use of which will reduce the uneven distribution of grain crops seeds or mineral fertilizer granules.
Study of the process of processing felling residues in the conditions of logging operations
Authors: Zyryanov M A , Medvedev S O , Vititnev A U , Shvecov V U , Milyaeva I G
Published: March 2021

Until recently, only the trunk was recognized as valuable in the forestry industry, and everything else, including the crown, was considered waste that cluttered the areas of cutting areas, and was also considered a dangerous raw material in the event of possible fires. Currently, only about 700 thousand tons of wood waste is used, which is no more than 4% of the resulting amount of potential raw materials that could be used at wood processing enterprises. Analysis of the processes of formation and use of felling waste showed that today coniferous greenery has found its application as a raw material for the production of coniferous flour, which is produced directly at the cutting area. After the needles are separated, branches remain in the cutting area that have not found further use. One of the promising areas for the use of logging waste after the separation of needles is the production of wood flour, which has found its wide application in many industries. In the course of research, a design of a mobile device for processing felling residues in a felling area into wood floor was proposed and a laboratory prototype was made. In the course of the analysis of the results of experimental studies, the influence of the design and technological parameters of the device for obtaining wood flour from felling residues on the quality indicators of the finished marketable product was revealed. Statistical and mathematical equations and graphical dependencies have been obtained, which make it possible to predict the qualitative characteristics of wood floor for given design and technological parameters.
Removal of oils from water surfaces with modified Linden sawdust
Authors: Sippel I Ya , Akhmetgaleeva G A , Magdin K A
Published: March 2021

The paper investigated the possibility of using modified woodworking waste to remove heavy oil products from the water surface by sorption. Sawdust of a heart-shaped linden tree (Tília cordáta) was used as sorption materials and used diesel engine oil was used as a sorbate. In order to improve the sorption capacity and increase the sorption capacity of wood waste, they were treated with ultrasound at a frequency of 35000 Hz in an aqueous medium for 4 hours. The physical and mechanical characteristics of modified sawdust have been determined: bulk density, ash content, buoyancy. Experiments on modeling engine oil spills on the water surface have shown that linden sawdust, subjected to ultrasonic action, are effective sorption materials in relation to used diesel engine oil. The degree of water purification under static adsorption conditions reaches 99%.
Technology for biological treatment of urban wastewater and sludge treatment with deep removal of nitrogen and phosphorus
Authors: Solovieva E A
Published: March 2021

This article is dedicated to increasing of removing of nitrogen and phosphorus in DENIFO technology, and the removing of phosphorus by reagents. Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from municipal wastewater prevents eutrophication of open water, which has become a global problem. A list of conditions that provide maximum efficiency of the processes of wastewater treatment and sludge treatment is completed. Functions of primary settlers, air tanks (based on technology DENIFO), and secondary settlers is reviewed. Pre-denitrification of the returned active sludge with the partial flow of waste water improves anaerobiosis in the anaerobic zone of biological block, and promotes intensive dephosphorization. The work was made under normal conditions of wastewater treatment plant. Unfavorable periods (snowmelt, torrential rains, floods) are not taken into consideration. Mathematical equations are made for the average flow of wastewater during dry weather. Combined dehydratation of the sludge and sediments (the long stay in the tank) leads to rapid displacement phosphorus phosphate to drain water, and a corresponded increase the content of phosphorus in the treated water. Also recommendations for changing the operating mode of the block of sludge treatment given. The important results included in article was taken on the really functioned wastewater treatment plants of Saint Petersburg. This work is aimed at a comprehensive assessment, development and improvement of technology of removing nitrogen and phosphorus from municipal wastewater, including from secondary pollution coming from the return flow from the sludge treatment units.
Seed-potatoes production using biotechnology methods under the conditions of East Kazakhstan
Authors: Nikolaeva V N , Zharkova S V , Gefke I V , Dolanbayeva G T
Published: March 2021

The production of potato varieties for a long period of time largely contributes to a decrease in the initial productivity and quality indicators of potato tubers, this is the result of a progressive accumulation of viral, viroid, fungal and bacterial pathogens during plant reproduction. The system of virus-free seed production, based on the improvement of varieties and accelerated multiplication of the original seed material in conditions that exclude reinfection, successfully solves many problems of potato seed production. Biotechnological methods play a key role in this process. Micropropagation method allows for the rapid propagation of healthy seed material. We in 2016-2019. Investigations were carried out to obtain seed material of potato varieties of different ripeness groups using the in vitro method in the conditions of East Kazakhstan. After analyzing the conditions for the selection of seed production schemes, data on soil and climatic conditions, phytopathogenic conditions in the zone of potato production, we have selected a four-year seed production scheme in the methodology of original and elite seed production introduced in Ulan Zhemis LLP. Adaptation to production conditions was carried out in 2018-2019. All varieties by the method of accelerated in vitro reproduction were cloned by microcutting in four repetitions in the offspring in the laboratory of plant biology and biotechnology of the V. S. Amanzholova. All tested varieties, cut and adapted to soil and climatic conditions, were planted in a closed area from May 15 to June 1. As a result, the most productive varieties using the in vitro method were identified: Gulliver (Russia), Juvel (Germany), Colomba (Holland), Queen Anna (Germany), Rodrigo (Germany), Riviera (Holland), Darenka (Russia), Luck (Russia), Artemis (Holland), Red Lady (Germany).
Combined cotton picker with interchangeable devices
Authors: Matchanov R , Rizayev A , Astanakulov K , Tolibaev A , Karimov N
Published: March 2021

Weather conditions in the risky cotton growing area largely determine readiness of the agricultural background of the cotton field for machine harvesting of cotton. A combined cotton picker with replaceable horizontal spindle and vertical spindle devices was invented. At full (85-90%) opening of cotton bolls, an option of a cotton picker with horizontal spindle is applied, and at incomplete (55-60%) opening – an option with vertical spindle devices is applied. Field trials of a cotton picker with removable devices were carried out. The estimated parameters were completeness of cotton harvest, residue on bushes, losses to the ground, debris and moisture of harvested cotton. Use of a combined cotton picker allows to harvest cotton selectively at full and incomplete opening cotton bolls. Productivity and cotton-picking quality has increased.
Determining the carbon footprint of Russian residents depending on their food and movement patterns
Authors: Abdullina Leila , Podolskiy Aleksandr , Deeva Margarita , Gorovko Margarita , Shulepova Yuliya
Published: March 2021

Due to climate change, all the inhabitants of the Earth are increasingly observing various natural anomalies. The consequences of global warming are particularly noticeable for Russia, where it is about 2.5 times faster than in the rest of the world (the Russian Federation almost does not experience the softening influence of the ocean due to geographical features, so the climate is particularly sensitive). In order to successfully forecast climate change and develop an adequate adaptation program, it is necessary to assess the volume of emissions of the main greenhouse gas CO2 in a timely manner. Since the final carbon footprint of the Russian Federation largely depends on the environmental awareness of the young generation and its contribution to the existing climate change problem, the subject of this article was the average carbon footprint of young people (18-25 years old) in the Russian Federation.
On the issue of land misuse
Authors: Shcheblyakov E S , Kurbatova S M , Farafontova E L , Rahinsky D V , Masharova J T
Published: March 2021

In the article, the author examines some of the issues of improper land use. In the modern Russian state, the problem of misuse, mismanagement and irrational use of lands of various categories is one of the urgent problems, since it leads to the loss of useful properties of land use and especially valuable categories of land. A particularly valuable category of land includes agricultural land, the number of which is constantly decreasing. At the same time, the most urgent problem is the choice of effective and targeted forms of agricultural land use as a special environmental object. An urgent problem is the problem of applying effective forms of land use in the production and economic activities of economic entities. This problem is not only national, but also international. It is necessary to analyze the norms of the current legislation in order to highlight the main problems and possible forms aimed at the targeted use of land.
Investigation of sewage sludge for the purpose of their secondary use as agricultural fertilizer
Authors: Kravtsova M V , Volkov D A , Melnikova D A , Kravtsov M V , Guschina T P
Published: March 2021

Substantiated the possibility of using an optimized technology for processing sewage sludge in the production of agricultural fertilizers. The researches have been experimentally tested on a pyrolysis plant -a physical model assembled under laboratory conditions. Selected, calculated and experimentally confirmed the optimal composition of agricultural fertilizer based on sewage sludge. The suggestions allow to increase the production of mineral fertilizers and reduce the accumulation of sewage sludge in the sludge fields of treatment facilities of industrial enterprises.
Environmental spatial survey of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden
Authors: Oznamets V V , Belokonev G V
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of environmental survey of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden. The research introduces the concept of territorial environmental model. The article recommends to introduce the term of spatial ecology, which refers to the issues of structural territorial analysis and spatial layout. Spatial ecology studies legal issues. The tasks of spatial ecology are solved by surveyors within the framework of geodetic support. The article shows that such survey is based on the methods of geodesy, photogrammetry, cadastre, remote sensing data and geoinformatics data. The research identified inconsistencies and violations.
Processing modes influence on the sensory profile of various types of coffee
Authors: Pereira L L , Cherkasova E , Golinitskiy P , Toygambaev S , Mutovkina E
Published: March 2021

Technological modes of coffee beans processing are constantly developing and improving, which raise the quality of the second most consumed drink in the world after water and meeting an increasingly demand. This paper describes various processing modes and their effect on the organoleptic properties of the coffee drink. The interrelation of climatic features of the raw material growing region, coffee processing and roasting modes, and storage conditions makes it possible to obtain a product with an individual taste profile.
Development of eco-friendly mechanized rotary parking lots with a flywheel energy storage device
Authors: Abdullina Leila , Smirnov Vladislav , Alimova Anna , Kalistratova Alina , Kravets Alexander
Published: March 2021

Perspective type of mechanized parkings is a multi-storey rotary parking system. It is the most efficiency type, but it costs relatively high per unit of parking space. Lower speed of transportation of cars in comparison with other parking types slightly influences on productivity, because an efficiency of work of the device is firstly defined by duration of stages of loading and unloading of cars. The main disadvantage of multi-storey car parks compared to conventional parking lots - is the need for increasing costs for the operation of the lifting device. One of the methods of improving the energy efficiency of lifting and transport machines is the development of structures with energy recuperation. It allows the kinetic energy of the moving parts at the stage of braking to be accumulated in the battery, and to get used for acceleration when performing the next movement. The article describes the mechanism of a rotary-type parking lot with a flywheel energy storage device, and its principle of operation. The characteristics of a flywheel energy accumulator are well suited to the task. In terms of the specific energy reserve per unit of weight, the flywheel battery effectively competes with the electric one, differing from it by a higher working life. Also, its properties do not deteriorate at low operating temperatures. The justification of the choice of the required parameters of the flywheel, the analysis of its shape and the choice of material from which the flywheel can be made.
Infrared spectroscopy of liposomes obtained by different variants of the injection method
Authors: Mosyagin V V , Ryzhkova G F , Belyaev A G , Kanunnikova T V , Lebedeva N V
Published: March 2021

The study by infrared spectroscopy of the structure of liposomes used in veterinary medicine as nanocontainers for the targeted delivery of medicinal substances to the cells of body tissues is a very important area of research. In the process of obtaining liposomes and liposomal preparations, processes of phospholipid modification occur. At present, the method of IR spectroscopy is used to control the deposition of substances on the surface of a liposome in order to study the delivery of drugs, etc. The comparative study of liposomes obtained by different versions of the injection method was first carried out by infrared spectroscopy. According to the results of medium-wave spectroscopy, the peaks of absorption of IR radiation in various wavelength ranges for these liposomes were revealed. This indicates the presence in liposomes of groups of atoms -CH3, -CH2-, primary and secondary alcohols, cis- and trans-isomers HRC = CR´H, groups –OH, groups C=O, solid fatty acids. The results of the study can be used as reference identification IR spectra for the express identification of liposomes obtained by the injection method, and the use of the Fourier IR spectroscopy method for studying the structure of liposomes with encapsulated potassium orotate can be of wide practical importance as a method of express analysis.
Investigation of the main mechanical characteristics of plastics for three-dimensional printing of machine parts models
Authors: Dorodov P V , Kasatkin V V , Kasatkina N Y , Petrov V A , Litvinyuk A A
Published: March 2021

Today, new methods of manufacturing complex parts using three-dimensional printing are being introduced in engineering, including in the mechanical engineering of agricultural machinery. This technique is also used in the design of agricultural machinery at the stage of physical modeling of their structures to determine certain properties of the product as a whole and its individual parts (details) on the corresponding models. Physical modeling is used when it is difficult to perform full-scale tests of the product, as well as for economic reasons. The necessary conditions for physical modeling are the geometric and physical similarity of the model and kind. The presence of such proportionality allows us to recalculate the experimental results obtained for the model in kind by multiplying each of the determined values by a constant multiplier for all values of this dimension – the similarity coefficient. However, to study the physical characteristics of a product, it is necessary to take into account the mechanical properties of the material of its model. From various sources, you can find the main mechanical characteristics of plastic threads or samples made on a 3-D printer. Their values vary greatly depending on the model manufacturing technology. The paper presents the results of a study of the physical and mechanical properties of polylactide (PLA) and polyethylene tereflatate (PET-G), which are used in the manufacture of parts by three-dimensional printing. The specific strength of polymers was respectively: for PLA 65.6…12.2 kPa·m3/kg, for PET-G 36.7…95.4 kPa·m3/kg. Specific plasticity for PLA is equal to 60.,3 %· cm3/kg, for PET-G – 468.2 %· cm3/kg. The specific plasticity for PLA is 608.3 %· cm3/kg, for PET-G – 468.2 %· cm3/kg. Mechanical properties are investigated and the obtained mechanical characteristics must be taken into account when calculating and physically modeling plastic products for three-dimensional printing.
The improvement in the methods for estimating the nature of the working process of an internal combusting
Authors: Plotnikov S A , Buzikov S V , Lanskikh Y V , Kartashevich A N
Published: March 2021

The urgency of mathematical simulation and electronic processing of obtained experimental data for estimating the working process increases by the day. The solution of real-world problems requires high-speed computer programs that enable us to reliably simulate complex processes occurring in engines and to simplify a considerable part of research effort. In connection with these considerations, the aim of our investigation is the improvement in the methods for estimating the nature of the working process of an internal combustion engine by applying CNIDI techniques for processing indicator diagrams by designing a hardware and software package. The package is able to present the obtained design data of heat-generation law values in a readable form of a digital model that enables us to produce their subsequent export into other software products for further research. The novelty of our work lies in developing a program for personal computers which is able to process experimental indicator diagram obtained in any form and by any technique for acquisition of heat-generation values. The main purposes of our investigation are the analysis of existing CNIDI techniques of processing indicator diagrams, the algorithm design of computer software operation and the verification of data obtained by programmed methods with design data. We found that applying the technique of processing experimental indicator diagrams is one of the methods most reliably describing the processes occurring in diesel cylinders. We analyzed the theoretical basics of a fuel combustion process by using experimental indicator diagrams, examined taking into account imprecision of source data, and validated ways of updating the data. We upgraded the computer program aimed at the methods of heat-generation data calculation under combustion according to specified diagrams. The use of introduced CNIDI techniques and the appropriate program of indicator diagram analysis provide the required quality of results in investigating the influence of various factors on fuel combustion process in an engine.
Studies of thermal resistance of heated flogopite
Authors: Fedorova S V
Published: March 2021

Research on thermal stability of mineralogical types of micas deals with materials with high thermal stability. At high temperatures, as a result of water release, mica loses its transparency, swells, stratifies and becomes mechanically unstable. Due to these changes, the properties of mica worsen. Phlogopites can vary in their quality. Therefore, when phlogopite is used in materials and devices operating at very high temperatures, it is necessary to use the type of mica whose thermal resistance meets the operating conditions.
The effectiveness of the introduction of new test equipment taking into account the use of the PLP-01M microwave laboratory system
Authors: Chuprakova A M , Anichkina O A , Vorobyev D I , Ovsyannikova A V , Petuhova E P
Published: March 2021

The introduction of the PLP-01M microwave laboratory system introduces a limitation on the number of studies per year, which reduces the capabilities of the measuring device, in cases both for the simultaneously introduced atomic absorption spectrometer “Kvant-2AT” and for the already used atomic absorption spectrometer “Kvant-AFA ”. The introduction of the PLP-01M microwave laboratory system will be beneficial if the productivity of the new equipment meets the laboratory’s needs in the number of studies. The use of the PLP-01M microwave laboratory system will make it possible to implement one of two options for the pricing policy of the laboratory management: when the estimated price per unit of research is established, the competitiveness in the market for the services provided significantly increases; the establishment of the market price allows increasing revenue by 1.2 times, which will amount to 883 thousand rubles. additional income.
The effectiveness of the introduction of new equipment in the test laboratory center
Authors: Petuhova E P , Bogonosova I A , Vorobeva A V , Sagina O A , Hodak S E
Published: March 2021

Improving the quality of the services provided by updating the laboratory base is considered as one of the most important ways to increase competitiveness, achieve competitive advantages, which, in turn, helps to increase the economic efficiency of the testing laboratory center. The introduction of new equipment at the TLC will contribute to an increase in the possible number of studies being carried out, a decrease in random errors, and the achievement of the best indicators of internal laboratory control. The introduction of the PLP-01M microwave laboratory system will significantly reduce the time for preparing a sample for analysis by reducing the decomposition time of the sample by 19.5 times. Upgrading the equipment used from Kvant-AFA to Kvant-2AT with the simultaneous introduction of the PLP-01M microwave laboratory system will not only improve the used measuring instrument, but also the entire sample preparation system as a whole.
Methods of modeling the performance of gas pipeline facilities
Authors: Savicheva Yu N , Shishkina A D , Valiullina G N , Gamazin V A
Published: March 2021

Control systems and parameter monitoring systems are currently being implemented in technical systems and, thereby, are improving them. As a result, in production, in the process of management, there is a need for special mathematical methods that allow making scientifically sound decisions. This is especially relevant in pipeline transport, and in particular in the gas industry, when solving the problems of mathematical modeling of processes and optimizing gas transportation modes. Simulation of equipment operation modes has already been put into practice and is an integral part of the operational control of the gas transportation system
Results of comparative research methods for arsenic content in meat samples of broiler chickens
Authors: Rebezov M B , Shariati M A , Shinkarev Ia K , Tarasova A A , Zubkova E S
Published: March 2021

The development of effective algorithms for optimizing the laboratory equipment base is one of the urgent tasks. Arsenic is classified as a toxicant of the highest hazard group; it is a highly toxic cumulative poison with a broad spectrum of action. The paper considers an assessment of the method for researching the content of arsenic in meat and meat products. The results of investigations (by the methods of photoelectric colorimetry and stripping voltammetry) on the operational control of the error using the method of additions and the assessment of precision were recognized as satisfactory. Comparative analysis of two methods of photoelectric colorimetry and stripping voltammetry in assessing the content of arsenic in samples of broiler chicken meat showed their relevance in the development of laboratory practice. 45.2%) over other ranges. The least registered sample results (1.1%) with the range of obtained data - 0.1-1.0 mg/kg.
Internal audit of compliance with requirements of industrial safety, labor and environmental protection and its impact on safety of oil companies
Authors: Kinghabaeva G N , Savicheva Yu N
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the oil industry in Russia. In particular, the monitoring of the system for ensuring the industrial and environmental safety of oil enterprises is being studied in order to reduce the risks of accidents and unforeseen situations. Audit was selected as one of the monitoring tools. The audit process was considered at example of diesel hydrotreating unit of L-24-7 fuel located on the territory of the PJSC Bashneft Bashneft - UNPZ refinery. Based on the analysis, a block diagram of the audit process was compiled and an approximate form of the audit report at the diesel hydrotreatment plant was presented. Based on the results of the study conducted on system monitoring for compliance with the requirements of industrial safety, labor protection and the environment, it was concluded that it is necessary to conduct an audit of this plant in a timely and regular manner. This, in turn, will increase the likelihood of identifying weaknesses and corresponding risks in the early stages of the development of the problem.
Comparative analysis of methods of photoelectric colorimetry and stripping voltammetry in assessing the content of arsenic in sea bass samples
Authors: Rebezov M B , Shariati M A , Artyukhova S I , Kolosovskaya I I , Trofimova E I
Published: March 2021

The development of effective algorithms for optimizing the laboratory equipment base is one of the urgent tasks. Arsenic is classified as a toxicant of the highest hazard group; it is a highly toxic cumulative poison with a broad spectrum of action. The paper considers an assessment of the method for investigating the content of arsenic in sea bass. The research results (by the methods of photoelectric colorimetry and stripping voltammetry) on the operational control of the error using the method of additions and the assessment of the precision were found to be satisfactory. The monitoring results are presented, namely the results indicate that in the range from 0.02 to 0.05 mg of arsenic per 1 kg of sea bass, k prevails (28.1%) over other ranges. The least registered sample results (20.8%) with a range of obtained data are less than 0.02 mg/kg.
Kinetics of carbonation of light lanthanides
Authors: Kashurin R R , Gerasev S A , Svakhina Ya A , Litvinova T E
Published: March 2021

The article provides the problem of extracting rare earth metals from technogenic raw materials. The analysis showed that there is no effective technology. It is required to consider the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the carbonization process. The process of carbonization of sediments of light lanthanides is considered. The work determines the effect of temperature and degree of mixing on the extraction process. The activation energy of the process was calculated. The equation for the dependence of the reaction rate on temperature is given It was shown that the process of carbonization of light lanthanides proceeds in the diffusion region.
Bioindication of toxicity and mutagenicity of the environment
Authors: Vasilevskaya N V , Sikalyuk A I
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of studying the impact of industrial emissions of enterprises of the city of Murmansk on the fertility of pollen of Sorbus gorodkovii Pojark (Gorodkov’s rowan) – an endemic species of East Fennoscandia. A low level of pollen fertility (35 – 52%) was revealed, especially in the vicinity of the local heating plants, operating on fuel oil. In the samples from all sites, a high proportion of sterile pollen grains was noted (48 – 65%). A significant increase of the proportion of sterile pollen of rowan in the vicinity of industrial enterprises of the city of Murmansk indicates the mutagenic effect of their emissions on the male generative system of S. gorodkovii and the process of gamete formation.
Seasonal changes in the woody plants development in an urbanized environment
Authors: Tokareva T G
Published: March 2021

The features of the phenological development of woody plants in green urban plantations in the dry steppe zone have been studied. The phenological phases of woody plants and shrubs are described and analysed: the beginning of bud swelling, the beginning of bud opening, the beginning of leaf opening, the beginning of flowering, the end of flowering, the beginning of fruit ripening, and mass loss of mature fruits. The onset of phenological seasons for the steppe zone has been determined. Formed groups of plants according to the terms of leafing and flowering. The calendar dates of the onset of phenological phases of trees and shrubs in an industrial urban environment are analysed. The sum of effective temperatures for the main phenological phases of woody plants in the steppe zone has been determined. Decorative dendrological groups have been developed for phenological phases of leafing and flowering of woody plants for urban landscaping in the dry steppe zone. Practical recommendations are given for grouping plants by flowering time for landscape construction.
Parameters of Cantharellus cibarius Fr. ecological range fragment and resilience to human impact in taiga and sub taiga forest communities
Authors: Luginina E A , Sorokina A A
Published: March 2021

The paper present results of analyses of plant communities with Cantharellus cibarius Fr. in southern taiga and sub-taiga forests within Kirov region. Golden chanterelle occurs mostly in pure pine forests and pine forests mixed with spruce and birch, of green-moss, lichen and cowberry types; in young to maturing stands; crown density low or medium. Species richness of herbaceous-shrub storey in the studied communities varied from 5 to 29. Ecological preferences of C. cibarius habitat fragment, defined with Ellenberg’s (1974) scales, allow to characterise the species as the following: temperate climate species, shade-resistant, rarely found in conditions of total shading; mesophyte regarding soil humidity, prefers acidic soils with low nitrogen, but, as an exception, marked on neutral soils rich in nitrogen. Differences in the species ecological preferences in conditions of southern taiga and sub-taiga are insignificant. Hemeroby index varied from 0.05 to 0.33 for studied communities. Average share of species tolerant to human impact was 13.23%, and the share of anthropo-phobic species – 86.77%. These data characterise C. cibarius as the species capable of tolerating moderate human impact in southern taiga subzone, but being less tolerant to human impact in sub-taiga areas and coniferous-broadleaved forests.
The current stage of botanical research in L M Cherepnin Herbarium
Authors: Antipova E M , Tupitzina N N , Atschisova N V
Published: March 2021

The modern stages of the vegetation cover research of Krasnoyarsk region by botanists of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev is characterized by floristic and geobotanical research of the areas of the southern part of Krasnoyarsk region, including Khakassia, which were understudied in the past, such as northern forest-steppe, southern steppes, subtaiga territories, mountain communities, with the compilation of sketches and classifications of vegetation. In the north, the Angara-Chuna interstream (Boguchansk region) was explored; the fieldwork was carried out in Evenkia in the Podkamennaya Tunguska area. A new direction of research in the region is the study of urban flora in Krasnoyarsk, Sosnovoborsk, Zheleznogorsk, Divnogorsk, and Abakan (Khakassia). Infective species of Krasnoyarsk region were identified, presented by the staff of the Department of Biology, Chemistry and Ecology in the publication of the “Black Book of Siberian Flora”. Systematic research, which began with the work on the Flora of Siberia project, continue with a description of new species. We participated in the study of natural protected areas of the region and rare species in the Red Book species, in the preparation and reprint of the Red Book of Krasnoyarsk region (2012).
Reference intervals of essential and toxic elements concentrations in mane hair and blood serum of Arabian purebred horses
Authors: Kalashnikov V V , Zaitsev A M , Atroshchenko M M , Miroshnikov S A , Zavyalov O A , Frolov A N , Kurilkina M Ya
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of studies on the establishment of reference intervals of concentrations of the main essential and toxic elements in mane hair and blood serum of Arabian purebred horse stallions, calculated by Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) and Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods. For mane hair, these values are Ca 81,28-1875; K 57,2-2134; Mg 93,92-1154; Na 16,76-542; P 47,1-827,3; Co 0,008-0,201; Cr 0,022-1,35; Cu 0,936-9,73; Fe 18,55-363; I 0,006-0,367; Mn 0,407-8,34; Se 0,039-0,625; Zn 14,49-201; B 0,311-25,66; Li 0,027-0,82; Ni 0,05-0,712; Si 0,809-34; V 0,018-0,594; Al 5,98-208; As 0,009-0,116; Cd 0,001-0,021; Hg 0,002-0,008; Pb 0,02-0,571; Sn 0,001-0,097; Sr 0,311-5,94. For blood serum, these values are Ca 106,2-161,3; K 89,19-187,1; Mg 18,16-27,05; P 78,32-153,1; Co 0,0003-0,0015; Cr 0,0003-0,0101; Cu 0,7-1,46; Fe 1,35-3,51; Mn 0,0005-0,0043; I 0,007-0,019; Se 0,118-0,208; Zn 0,502-0,952; Al 0,01-0,028; As 0,001-0,004; Cd 0-0,0001; Hg 0,0002-0,0009; Pb 0,0001-0,0026; Sn 0-0,0001; Sr 0,14-0,367. It was found that the chemical elements concentration in hair is significantly higher (1.4-2707 times) compared to blood serum; it makes this biosubstrate more informative for the elemental status evaluation. The results of the correlation analysis indicate the absence of a reliable correlation between the content of the studied elements in hair and blood serum.
Comparison of blood biochemical parameters of stallions of different age groups
Authors: Atroshchenko M M , Shitikova A M , Engalycheva M G , Borodkina E Yu
Published: March 2021

The analysis of biochemical parameters of blood serum of stallions of different age groups (n = 86) is carried out. It was found that with age there is an increase in the concentration of total protein, fibrinogen, direct and indirect bilirubin, while the group of young stallions aged 3-5 years is characterized by a higher value of alkaline phosphatase activity compared to the group of 6-10 years (p = 0.002) and a lower value calcium concentration compared with the group of stallions aged 16-22 years (p = 0.012).