bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assistência de enfermagem ao pré-natal: Relato de experiência
Authors: Dourado Gisele Gomes , Carvalho Brenda da Rocha , Duarte Iago Araujo , Rocha Taise Rocha , Vieira Nandiara Nunes , Oliveira Marina Matos de , Matos Iandra Gabriela de Almeida , Barbosa Jaciara Profiro , Rocha Giovana Alecrim , Pontes Adelia Matos
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: O acompanhamento pré-natal é um cuidado da saúde de gestantes, e se torna uma poderosa estratégia para reduzir a mortalidade materna e neonatal, nesse sentido o estudo vai descrever a experiência vivida enquanto acadêmica de enfermagem, diante da atuação do enfermeiro na assistência à gestante na unidade básica de saúde em um município do interior da Bahia. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de natureza descritiva tipo relato de experiência acerca da vivência no Estágio Supervisionado, sobre a atuação do Enfermeiro durante o pré-natal no município de Irecê-BA. Resultados: Nesse sentido, foi possível observar a atuação do enfermeiro nas consultas de pré-natal de baixo risco. Onde durante as consultas eram realizados anamnese e exame físico, além de prescrição e interpretação dos exames, prescrição de medicamentos, educação em saúde por meio de orientações gerais sobre a gestação, as consultas eram alternadas entre a enfermeira e o médico. A assistência era prestada de forma humanizada proporcionar a detecção precoce de possíveis problemas que possam ocorrer durante a gestação. Conclusão: É preciso estar atento à consulta de pré-natal de forma completa mediante o grande leque de informação a serem registradas em vários impressos que envolvem essa consulta.
Dentist’s child view and psychological approach
Authors: Takahashi Karine , Araujo Camila Teresinha Nascimento de , Santos Lara Rúbia Miotto Ferreira dos , Crisovam Natani Carla , Alvim Joselene Lopes , Peres Geórgia Rondó , Montes Ana Bheatriz Marangoni , Araujo Heitor Ceolin
Published: July 2021

In the routine care of the child, professional can come across situations in which the child shows aversive, and avoiding personal contact, especially in cases of first appointment. This study aims to analyze the children's perception about dental surgeon through drawings analysis and verbal characterization. The sample consisted of 108 children aged between 5-11 years of both genders, 59 were patients of pediatric dentistry clinic of west Sao Paulo Presidente Prudente, and 49 students of the school of Tertuliano de Area Leão located in the city of Santo Anastacio, SP, Brazil. Children made a drawing expressing their vision about dental surgeon and the dental environment. The collected drawings were interpreted by a psychologist and grouped in Microsoft Office Excel spreadsheet and performed a statistical analysis using Fisher's exact test, logistic regression and regression simple logistics. Through this study it was possible to observe that 57,6% children analyzed in clinic of pediatric dentistry of Unoeste presented pleasant vision results of dental care, while 42,4% showed a hostile result, these being, mostly female children gender. In school, only 24,5% children presented pleasant result and 75,5% showed hostile result, the absence of gender difference. It is concluded that there was a statistically significant difference among the groups, and female gender children showed up more aversive.
Contaminação por patógenos na alimentação de rua: Revisão sistemática
Authors: Fröder Hans , Martins Márcio Lutero Mafalda , Oliveira Wemerson de Castro , Mattia Jaqueline Lidorio de
Published: July 2021

Em uma era globalizada, a falta de tempo, a comodidade, as preferências individuais e o próprio estilo de vida das pessoas, fazem com que, a cada ano, o número de refeições consumidas fora de casa cresça. Embora esse movimento seja uma alternativa econômica, essa praticidade fez com que houvesse um aumento no número de surtos alimentares. Essa revisão de literatura tem por objetivo abordar sobre os principais patógenos e problemas encontrados em alimentos comercializados na rua. Os dados das referências apontam que as contaminações de alimentos de rua são frequentes e um risco à saúde pública. É necessário um plano de intervenções e capacitações dos vendedores ambulantes, quanto a higienização correta de todos os processos de produção, para garantir a segurança alimentar dos consumidores. Além disso, uma estrutura básica adequada para o vendedor é essencial para priorizar a qualidade na oferta dos alimentos.
Avaliação de um sistema de secagem solar para o beneficiamento de caulim: cobertura de policarbonato x cobertura de polipropileno
Authors: Santana Vitor Leão , Grilo Marcelo Bezerra , Fernandes Jonas Fernando de Souza , Costa Nancy Lima , Leite Filha Maria de Sousa , Conceição João André Soares e Sousa da , Gomes Ítalo de Andrade , Lima Wellington Souza , Almeida Arnaldo Bezerra Lopes de
Published: July 2021

Esse trabalho teve o objetivo de contribuir para avaliar um sistema de secagem solar usado na secagem de caulim, que se encontra em desenvolvimento na região da Província Pegmatítica da Borborema (PPB), entre os estados da Paraíba e Rio Grande do Norte. Os experimentos foram realizados em um secador solar de exposição direta e na secagem solar ao ar livre. Foram testados dois protótipos de secadores com diferentes tipos de cobertura, um com cobertura de policarbonato e outro com cobertura de polipropileno, para avaliar a influência da cobertura transparente quanto a eficiência do processo de secagem. Foi realizada uma comparação entre os dois secadores e a secagem solar ao ar livre, sendo avaliado o tempo de secagem do caulim e o rendimento térmicos dos equipamentos. A quantidade de água retirada do caulim por unidade de tempo e o consumo específico de energia foram outros indicadores avaliados para cada processo de secagem, e foram importantes para corroborar a necessidade de utilização de novas tecnologias de secagem na região da PPB que dispõe de elevada intensidade de irradiação solar incidente durante todo o ano, mas que ainda utiliza lenha como energético para realizar a etapa de secagem no beneficiamento do caulim. Os principais resultados experimentais obtidos mostraram que a secagem solar nos secadores reduziu a umidade do caulim de 30% para 5%, deixando-o em condições de seguir para a próxima etapa de beneficiamento, 240 minutos mais rápido em comparação com a secagem solar ao ar livre. Foi possível observar que o secador solar com cobertura de policarbonato se mostrou mais eficiente termicamente em comparação ao secador com cobertura de polipropileno. Novos experimentos estão sendo realizados buscando inserir a energia solar como energético de maior protagonismo, substituindo a lenha e visando melhorar a eficiência do processo de secagem e dar sustentabilidade as ações no beneficiamento do caulim, na região da PPB.
O impacto do isolamento social no desenvolvimento cognitivo e comportamental infantil
Authors: Santos Aline Diniz dos , Silva Júlia Kamers da
Published: July 2021

Este artigo estuda os impactos do isolamento social durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no comportamental e cognitivo de crianças de 0 a 6 anos. Para realizar essa avaliação foi feito um questionário com pais/responsáveis por essas crianças. Em um segundo momento foi feito uma entrevista semiestruturada para aprofundar o conhecimento nas respostas nas informações fornecidas anteriormente. A pesquisa tem como objetivo confirmar ou contraditar os dados levantados no referencial teórico, além isso, o conteúdo abordado aqui poderá ser de grande valia para psicólogos, pedagogos, pais, psiquiatras e pessoas da área da saúde em geral que possam se interessar pelo assunto, pois atualmente há muitos artigos, pesquisas e estudos sobre esse assunto em português. Os resultados desse trabalho mostraram que a grande maioria dos pais/responsáveis estão em extrema sobrecarga e que muitas crianças demonstram alterações tanto comportamentais como cognitivas. Além do aumento do uso de telas e diminuição de atividades físicas e movimentação corporal no geral, há também os prejuízos e benefícios do contato exclusivo com pessoas do núcleo familiar.
Principais fatores relacionados ao risco cardiovascular de Populações Indígenas do Brasil
Authors: Silva Ilton Palmeira , Oliveira João Ricardhis Saturnino de , Santos Bianka Santana dos , Fonseca Caíque Silveira Martins da , Lima Vera Lúcia de Menezes
Published: July 2021

A população brasileira de indígenas vem passando por um processo de mudança no perfil de suas doenças mais prevalentes. As doenças infecto-parasitárias têm perdido o pódio para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Dentre elas, as doenças cardiovasculares são as de maior aumento na prevalência, o que aumenta riscos para eventos que possam comprometer a qualidade de vida e saúde destes grupos étnicos. Pouco se sabe sobre os riscos cardiovasculares que a população indígena brasileira apresenta, pois poucos estudos visam estes grupos. Logo, esta revisão objetivou rastrear os principais fatores reportados. De acordo com a literatura, a urbanização foi o fator desencadeador do aparecimento de doenças cardiovasculares, gerando sedentarismo e mudanças nos hábitos alimentares. Estes foram reportados como principais causas no aumento do número de indivíduos com obesidade, hipertensão e dislipidemias. Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 ainda é pouco frequente em indivíduos sem outras comorbidades, porém a prevalência aumenta em cinco vezes quando há alguma doença associada. Portanto, os grupos étnicos brasileiros necessitam de mais suporte educacional e de saúde para prevenir e tratar doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, e é necessária maior preocupação em acompanhar as incidências destas condições dentro de territórios indígenas.
Concreto em altas temperaturas: um estudo de caso sobre um incêndio em edifício residencial em Minas Gerais
Authors: Campos Jackyel Venâncio Andrade , Reis Elvys Dias , Dias Carlos José , Resende Heron Freitas
Published: July 2021

Este artigo trata de um diagnóstico estrutural realizado no Edifício Residencial Afonso Alves, em Barbacena, Minas Gerais, após a ocorrência de um incêndio que danificou todas as estruturas de concreto armado. Primeiramente, foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o comportamento do concreto quando submetido a altas temperaturas, explanando sobre os principais fenômenos físicos e químicos que ocorrem nessa condição e discorrendo sobre os efeitos observados desde a microestrutura do concreto até uma análise macroscópica. Além disso, discorreu-se sobre as reações que se desencadeiam quando o concreto armado endurecido está sofrendo o processo de aumento da temperatura, alcançando altas temperaturas e também quando ele sofre o processo de resfriamento. Na sequência foram apresentadas as principais patologias encontradas nas estruturas de concreto armado, suas principais causas, efeitos e formas de preveni-las, visando preservar a vida útil prevista na concepção do projeto. Destacou-se ainda a extrema importância do Projeto de Prevenção e Combate a Incêndio e Pânico (PPCI) nas edificações, sejam elas residenciais, comerciais ou industriais. Em seguida foi feita a descrição do edifício estudado, apresentando o diagnóstico estrutural de forma detalhada, indicando as principais estruturas afetadas pelo incêndio, as inspeções visuais em todas as estruturas visíveis e os resultados dos ensaios destrutivos e não destrutivos. Por fim, foram apontadas algumas medidas de recuperação que devem ser adotadas para tratar as patologias que estão comprometendo a estabilidade e durabilidade das estruturas de concreto armado, além de recomendar alguns reforços estruturais, a fim de garantir a segurança do edifício e de seus ocupantes.
Autistic-Like Traits in Laboratory Rodents Exposed to Phthalic Acid Esters During Early Development – an Animal Model of Autism?
Authors: MOROVÁ M , KRŠKOVÁ L
Published: July 2021

Phthalates are chemical substances that are widely used to provide flexibility and durability to plastic materials. They leach from products in which they are mixed and reach living organisms. Results from experimental studies suggest that exposure to phthalates can have a negative impact on an individual’s neuronal system and behavior. In this regard, exposure during early ontogenesis seems to be particularly dangerous due to the extensive growth and development of body structures and functions. Disruption during this critical time can result in alterations of behavior and the emergence of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Various animal models have been used to elucidate the pathogenesis of this disease. They are fundamental for research, and although the translation of results to humans is difficult, new animal models are being developed. The aim of this review is to summarize laboratory rodent studies in which early developmental phthalate exposure resulted in brain alterations and autistic-like behavioral traits. We also discuss the possibility of using early developmental phthalate exposure in rodents to create a new animal model of autism.
Deporte y espectáculo en la narrativa de los 'e-sports': el caso de 'League of Legends'
Authors: Martín Muñoz Diego , Pedrero Esteban Luis Miguel
Published: July 2021

Los deportes electrónicos se han consolidado en el mercado del ocio y entretenimiento digital con cifras de seguidores, facturación y publicidad similares a las de los tradicionales deportes masivos. Además de fomentar la fantasía individual sin limitaciones espacio-temporales como sucede con los videojuegos, los deportes electrónicos se articulan sobre estrategias discursivas y técnicas que amplían el vínculo emocional entre el jugador, el deporte y la audiencia. Este artículo identifica y describe la evolución de los videojuegos a lo largo de su historia, la conversión de muchos de ellos en deportes electrónicos —clarificando los elementos que hacen que una disciplina como un videojuego pueda convertirse en un espectáculo—, y se centra en la propuesta lúdica de los deportes electrónicos a partir de un estudio de caso sobre League of Legends, el título más popular a nivel mundial, cuya singular estrategia narrativa le ha convertido en un híbrido de juego, deporte y espectáculo.
Percepción de 'gamers' universitarios de la UPC sobre el 'in-game advertising' de Adidas en el videojuego 'FIFA20'
Authors: Rodriguez Ramirez Renzo , Arbaiza Rodríguez Francisco , Yalan Dongo Eduardo
Published: July 2021

El in-game advertising o IGA es un tipo de product placement dentro de un videojuego de manera textual, auditiva, visual e interactiva, empleado desde hace décadas y que, con la transformación digital y los cambios en el consumo, ha cobrado mucho protagonismo. Su uso está permitiendo que las plataformas mediáticas lúdicas, que antes no tenían un lugar en la convergencia de los medios, ahora sean empleados con fines publicitarios. Está fórmula está permitiendo que las marcas impacten infinidad de veces en un nutrido conjunto de jugadores a través de los diferentes servicios de streaming. Este alto alcance es complementado con una consistente construcción de valores, experiencias, estilos de vida e identidades a través de la interacción con el producto a través de la narrativa del videojuego. La creciente participación e-sports en las universidades peruanas, a través de torneos de FIFA20 ha permitido lograr un alto nivel de alcance y notoriedad de las marcas presentes en el videojuego en los jóvenes universitarios. La presente investigación ha buscado descubrir cómo el in-game advertising de la marca Adidas en FIFA20 – uno de los juegos más populares en Perú según la última investigación de GFK – es percibido por los gamers universitarios.
'Serious Games' y violencia de género. Un análisis lúdico-narrativo de la trilogía 'The Kite'
Authors: Manzano-Zambruno Laura , Paredes-Otero Guillermo
Published: July 2021

Esta investigación se aproxima a la industria del videojuego en busca de síntomas que la conviertan en aliada para ayudar a combatir la violencia de género. El objeto de estudio es la trilogía conformada por The Kite, Little Kite y Repentant (Anate Studio, 2012-2018); tres títulos que demuestran cómo el videojuego no solo es un formato puramente lúdico, sino que ofrece experiencias con otras finalidades, como la concienciación ante problemas sociales. Partimos de la hipótesis de que, aunque la violencia de género aparezca como tema central en estos juegos, lo hace de forma que perpetúa estereotipos. Como objetivo principal planteamos analizar el modo en que se representa la violencia de género, recurriendo a un análisis lúdico-narrativo, y como secundario reflexionar sobre el potencial de los videojuegos para conceptualizar la violencia de género como un problema social y sensibilizar sobre su importancia. Los resultados demuestran que, si bien esta trilogía es un buen punto de partida para contribuir al cambio social, la visión que ofrece de la violencia de género queda reducida al ámbito doméstico y es asociada al alcoholismo y la marginalidad.
ON SPHERICAL INDICATRICES AND THEIR SPHERICAL IMAGE OF NULL CURVES IN MINKOWSKI 3-SPACE
Authors: ARFAH Arfah
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we investigate the spherical images of null curves and null helixes in Minkowski 3-space. We provide the spherical indicatrices of null curves in Minkowski 3-space with their causal characteristics. We also show the conditions of spherical indicatrices of null curves to be a curve lying on pseudo-sphere in Minkowski 3-space. In addition, we give the properties of spherical indicatrices of null curves satisfying generalized helices and lying on pseudo-sphere in Minkowski 3-space.
ON GENERALIZATIONS OF LOCALLY ARTINIAN SUPPLEMENTED MODULES
Authors: NİŞANCI TÜRKMEN Burcu
Published: July 2021

The aim of this paper is to investigate generalizations of locally artinian supplemented modules in module theory, namely locally artinian radical supplemented modules and strongly locally artinian radical supplemented modules. We have obtained elementary features for them. Also, we have characterized strongly locally artinian radical supplemented modules by left perfect rings. Finally, we have proved that the reduced part of a strongly locally artinian radical supplemented $R$-module has the same property over a Dedekind domain $R$.
STATISTICAL RELATIONS MEASURES
Authors: SÖZEYATARLAR Murat , ŞAHİN Mustafa , YAVUZ Esra
Published: July 2021

In this study, starting with the researches method and studies, which scale used and in accordance with this scale, which data statistical relationship measures to be applicated were given. In accordance with this aim, 18 tests were taken into consideration which consisted of statistical relationship measures tests. Also, data sets which were taken from2148 students from three different high schools in Kahramanmaraş were examined practically on statistical relationship measures. With the aim of this, knowledge that were taken from the students from Science High School and Vocational High School were used.

In the study, the effects of the factors like gender, education status of the father, private room status, number of siblings, computer status, living place,taking private lesson status, age of the student, body weight of the student and the income of the family on the effect of high school type were evaluated with the statistical relationship measures. Parametric test were applied to the data sets which are intermittent scale or proportional scale. And non parametric testa were applied to the data sets which are classifier scale or sequential scale.

As a result, in the thesis study, the effect of factors that were thought to effect the student’s high school type, effect degree and direction were tried to be determined with the relationship measures test.
The Nicolas criterion for the Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: July 2021

For every prime number $p_{n}$, we define the sequence $X_{n} = \prod_{q \leq p_{n}} \frac{q}{q-1} - e^{\gamma} \times \log \theta(p_{n})$, where $\theta(x)$ is the Chebyshev function and $\gamma \approx 0.57721$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant. The Nicolas theorem states that the Riemann hypothesis is true if and only if the $X_{n} > 0$ holds for all prime $p_{n} > 2$. For every prime number $p_{k}$, $X_{k} > 0$ is called the Nicolas inequality. We show if the sequence $X_{n}$ is strictly decreasing for $n$ big enough, then the Riemann hypothesis must be true. For every prime number $p_{n} > 2$, we define the sequence $Y_{n} = \frac{e^{\frac{1}{2 \times \log(p_{n})}}}{(1 - \frac{1}{\log(p_{n})})}$ and show that $Y_{n}$ is strictly decreasing for $p_{n} > 2$. Finally, for all $p_{n} \geq 286$, we demonstrate that the inequality $X_{n} < e^{\gamma} \times \log Y_{n}$ is always satisfied.
Monitoring the Legislation Governing the Procurement of Materials for Research and Development and Assessing Its Effectiveness Based on Surveys of Universities and Research Organizations
Authors: Chechenkina Tatiana , Korepanov Konstantin , Ulanov Egor
Published: July 2021

Introduction. For many research and development organisations, the prompt supply of consumables is a prerequisite for efficient operation. The article presents changes made to the regulations governing the procurement of consumables for research and development, as well as the assessment of these changes provided by universities and scientific organisations. Monitoring Tools. This work utilises analysis, generalisation and interpretation of the rule of law. Stakeholder surveys were conducted to collect information on the effectiveness of rulemaking in the field of procurement. Results. A survey of senior and middle managers in science and higher education institutions showed that regulatory deficiencies are the main obstacle to simplifying the procurement of research and development materials. In recent years, the state has taken a number of consistent steps to adjust the regulatory legal framework in the field of procurement. Despite the measures taken, procurement procedures remain excessively long and laborious. Conclusion. To improve the supply of universities and scientific organisations with consumables, it is necessary to optimise procedures within organisations, further efforts to improve legislation, as well as explanatory work on the part of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia about existing opportunities to improve consumable procurement process efficiency within the framework of current legislation.
Transformation of Endophytic Bipolaris spp. Into Biotrophic Pathogen Under Auxin Cross-Talk With Brassinosteroids and Abscisic Acid
Authors: Yousaf Muhammad Junaid , Hussain Anwar , Hamayun Muhammad , Iqbal Amjad , Irshad Muhammad , Kim Ho-Youn , Lee In-Jung
Published: July 2021

Auxin is the reciprocal signaling molecule, which interferes with other phyto-hormonal and physiological processes during plant–microbes interaction. In this regard, Bipolaris spp., a growth-promoting endophytic fungus was used to inoculate pre-stressed Zea mays seedlings with yucasin (IAA inhibitor). The IAA-deficient host was heavily colonized by the endophyte that subsequently promoted the host growth and elevated the IAA levels with a peak value at 72 h. However, the seedling growth was inhibited later (i.e., at 120 h) due to the high levels of IAA that interfered with the activity of phytoalexins and brassinosteroids. Such interference also modulated the endophytic fungus from symbiotic to biotrophic pathogen that left the host plants defenseless.
Follistatin-Like 3 Enhances Invasion and Metastasis via β-Catenin-Mediated EMT and Aerobic Glycolysis in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Li Yuqiang , Tian Mengxiang , Liu Wenxue , Wang Dan , Zhou Zhongyi , Pei Qian , Huang Yan , Tan Fengbo , Güngör Cenap
Published: July 2021

Previous studies reported that Follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3) is abundantly expressed in several solid tumors and participate in the regulation of cell metabolism. However, the clinico-pathological significance, biological role and molecular mechanism of FSTL3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unclear. Here we report that the expression level of FSTL3 in colon cancer specimens was significantly higher, compared to normal tissue and interestingly, the expression of FSTL3 was related to lymph node metastasis, tumor stage, tumor size, and intravascular emboli (IVE). As an upstream molecular event, we found that transcriptional regulation of FSTL3 was highly dependent on YAP1 de-phosphorylation events and that increased FSTL3 expression readily activated the β-Catenin pathway, which is a well-known signaling hub that promotes EMT processes and aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. We found that elevated FSTL3 expression strongly promotes migration, invasion and metastatic formation of CRC cells by directly activating β-Catenin -mediated EMT and aerobic glycolysis. In the xenograft mouse model, FSTL3 expression was linked to increased metastatic formation of CRC cells. Together, the activation of YAP1 induces FSTL3 expression. FSTL3-mediated β-Catenin pathway activation promotes EMT and aerobic glycolysis and therefore affecting the invasive and metastatic capacity of CRC cells. The abundant FSTL3 expression is a poor prognostic factor and pharmacological targeting of YAP1 can counteract FSTL3 expression, suggesting a promising therapeutic target for anti-metastatic strategies in patients suffering from CRC.
Possible Mechanisms of Tau Spread and Toxicity in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zhang Huiqin , Cao Yu , Ma Lina , Wei Yun , Li Hao
Published: July 2021

Tau is a protein that associates with microtubules (MTs) and promotes their assembly and stability. The protein loses its ability to bind MTs in tauopathies, and detached tau can misfold and induce the pathological changes that characterize Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A growing body of evidence indicates that tauopathies can spread between cells or connected regions. Pathological tau transmission in the brain of patients with AD and other tauopathies is due to the spread of various tau species along neuroanatomically connected regions in a “prion-like” manner. This complex process involves multiple steps of secretion, cellular uptake, transcellular transfer, and/or seeding, but the precise mechanisms of tau pathology propagation remain unclear. This review summarizes the current evidence on the nature of propagative tau species and the possible steps involved in the process of tau pathology spread, including detachment from MTs, degradations, and secretion, and discusses the different mechanisms underlying the spread of tau pathology.
TLR5 Supports Development of Placental Labyrinthine Zone in Mice
Authors: Yiu Jensen H. C. , Cheung Samson W. M. , Cai Jieling , Chan Kam-Suen , Chen Jing , Cheong Lai Yee , Chau Hau-Tak , Xu Aimin , Li Raymond H. W. , Woo Connie W.
Published: July 2021

Toll plays an important role in innate immunity and embryonic development in lower-ranked animals, but in mammals, the homolog toll-like receptors (TLR) are reported to facilitate postnatal development of immunity only. Here, we discovered a role of TLR5 in placental development. Tlr5 was highly transcribed during the placenta-forming and functional phases. TLR5 deletion led to a smaller placental labyrinthine zone and lower embryo weight, and the smaller size of embryo was overcorrected, resulting in a higher postnatal body weight. Examination of TLR5-deficient conceptus revealed a decrease in nuclear cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) abundances in the placenta-forming phase. Non-flagellin-based TLR5 ligands were detected in serum of female mice and the overexpression of TLR5 alone was sufficient to induce CREB nuclear translocation and mTOR transcriptional activation in trophoblasts. Taken together, we uncovered the participation of TLR5 in the early placental formation in mice, unveiling a role of TLR in embryonic development in higher-ranked animals.
Gasdermin D Mediates Inflammation-Induced Defects in Reverse Cholesterol Transport and Promotes Atherosclerosis
Authors: Opoku Emmanuel , Traughber Cynthia Alicia , Zhang David , Iacano Amanda J. , Khan Mariam , Han Juying , Smith Jonathan D. , Gulshan Kailash
Published: July 2021

Activation of inflammasomes, such as Nlrp3 and AIM2, can exacerbate atherosclerosis in mice and humans. Gasdermin D (GsdmD) serves as a final executor of inflammasome activity, by generating membrane pores for the release of mature Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β). Inflammation dampens reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and promotes atherogenesis, while anti-IL-1β antibodies were shown to reduce cardiovascular disease in humans. Though Nlrp3/AIM2 and IL-1β nexus is an emerging atherogenic pathway, the direct role of GsdmD in atherosclerosis is not yet fully clear. Here, we used in vivo Nlrp3 inflammasome activation to show that the GsdmD–/– mice release ∼80% less IL-1β vs. Wild type (WT) mice. The GsdmD–/– macrophages were more resistant to Nlrp3 inflammasome mediated reduction in cholesterol efflux, showing ∼26% decrease vs. ∼60% reduction in WT macrophages. GsdmD expression in macrophages exacerbated foam cell formation in an IL-1β dependent fashion. The GsdmD–/– mice were resistant to Nlrp3 inflammasome mediated defect in RCT, with ∼32% reduction in plasma RCT vs. ∼57% reduction in WT mice, ∼17% reduction in RCT to liver vs. 42% in WT mice, and ∼37% decrease in RCT to feces vs. ∼61% in WT mice. The LDLr antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) induced hyperlipidemic mouse model showed the role of GsdmD in promoting atherosclerosis. The GsdmD–/– mice exhibit ∼42% decreased atherosclerotic lesion area in females and ∼33% decreased lesion area in males vs. WT mice. The atherosclerotic plaque-bearing sections stained positive for the cleaved N-terminal fragment of GsdmD, indicating cleavage of GsdmD in atherosclerotic plaques. Our data show that GsdmD mediates inflammation-induced defects in RCT and promotes atherosclerosis.
miR-344-5p Modulates Cholesterol-Induced β-Cell Apoptosis and Dysfunction Through Regulating Caveolin-1 Expression
Authors: Sun Xulong , Ji Guangnian , Li Pengzhou , Li Weizheng , Li Jun , Zhu Liyong
Published: July 2021

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder induced by the modulation of insulin on glucose metabolism, and the dysfunction and decreased number of islets β-cells are the main causes of T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus). Among multiple factors that might participate in T2DM pathogenesis, the critical roles of miRNAs in T2DM and β-cell dysfunction have been reported. Through bioinformatics analyses and literature review, we found that miR-344 might play a role in the occurrence and progression of diabetes in rats. The expression levels of miR-344-5p were dramatically decreased within cholesterol-stimulated and palmitic acid (PA)-induced rats’ islet β-cells. In cholesterol-stimulated and PA-induced diabetic β-cell model, cholesterol-caused and PA-caused suppression on cell viability, increase in intracellular cholesterol level, decrease in GSIS, and increase in lip droplet deposition were dramatically attenuated via the overexpression of miR-344-5p, whereas aggravated via the inhibition of miR-344-5p. miR-344-5p also inhibited cholesterol-induced β-cell death via affecting the apoptotic caspase 3/Bax signaling. Insulin receptor downstream MPAK/ERK signaling was involved in the protection of miR-344-5p against cholesterol-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Moreover, miR-344-5p directly targeted Cav1; Cav1 silencing could partially reverse the functions of miR-344-5p inhibition upon cholesterol-induced β-cell dysfunction, β-cell apoptosis, the apoptotic caspase 3/Bax signaling, and insulin receptor downstream MPAK/ERK signaling. In conclusion, the miR-344-5p/Cav1 axis modulates cholesterol-induced β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction. The apoptotic caspase 3/Bax signaling and MAPK/ERK signaling might be involved.
A New Method for Standardizing Inland Fish Community Surveys: Characterizing Habitat Associated with Small-Bodied Fish Species, Abundance, and Size Distributions in a Highly Modified Estuary
Authors: Merz Joseph E. , Camp Meghan J. , Simonis Juniper L. , Thorpe Whitney
Published: July 2021

Monitoring fish assemblages in estuary environments is often difficult to standardize due to habitat complexity and gear-specific selectivity. This is further compounded by conventional sampling methods which require fish handling that might cause stress or mortality. To ameliorate these issues, we developed the Single-Platform Aquatic Species and Habitat Sampling System (Platform), an integrated and mobile concentrator net and live box prototype, coupled with a range of physical monitoring equipment. The long-term goal of the Platform is to employ non-invasive sampling techniques such as video and eDNA; however, our aim in this study was to test the Platform’s ability to sample across different habitat types and detect differences in fish assemblages. We investigated the utility of the Platform over a short time period (2 mo) in a relatively small and complex embayment within the highly modified San Francisco Estuary, California. We were able to identify clear physical distinctions among estuary/delta habitat types and detect habitat segregation by ecological groups of sampled fishes with the Platform. The Platform also detected discernable ontogenetic shifts (i.e., size differences) within estuary habitats of commonly observed fish species. These initial results demonstrate the Platform’s ability to contrast fish density, size, and species diversity, which sets the stage to advance more passive monitoring techniques, including video and eDNA methods. The Platform has the potential to fill a methodological gap in non-invasive surveying of small-bodied fish across a range of estuarine habitats, warranting further investigation of potential applications.
Spatial Genetic Structure of the Insect-Vectored Conifer Pathogen Leptographium wageneri Suggests Long Distance Gene Flow Among Douglas-fir Plantations in Western Oregon
Authors: Bennett Patrick I. , Tabima Javier F. , Leon Anna L. , Browning John , Wingfield Michael J. , LeBoldus Jared M.
Published: July 2021

Many fungi in the Ophiostomatales are vectored by bark beetles that introduce these fungi directly into their tree hosts. Most of these fungal associates have little effect on their hosts, but some can cause serious diseases. One such fungus, Leptographium wageneri, causes an economically and ecologically important tree disease known as black stain root disease (BSRD). For this study, 159 full genome sequences of L. wageneri were analyzed using a population genomics approach to investigate the epidemiology, dispersal capabilities, and reproductive biology of this fungus. Analyses were performed with SNP haplotypes from 155 isolates of L. wageneri var. pseudotsugae collected in 16 Douglas-fir stands in Oregon and 4 isolates of L. wageneri var. wageneri collected in pinyon pine stands in southern California. These two host-specific varieties appear to be evolutionarily divergent, likely due a combination of factors such as host differentiation and geographic isolation. We analyzed gene flow and population structure within and among Douglas-fir plantations in western Oregon to infer the relative importance of local vs. long distance dispersal in structuring populations of L. wageneri var. pseudotsugae. Long-distance gene flow has occurred between Douglas-fir plantations, contributing to diversity and population structure within stands, and likely reflecting the behavior of an important insect vector. Genetic clustering analyses revealed the presence of unique local clusters within stands and plantations in addition to those common among multiple stands or plantations. Although populations of L. wageneri var. pseudotsugae are primarily asexual, two mating types were present in many stands, suggesting that recombination is at least possible and may contribute to genetic diversity.
Whole Blood Interferon γ Release Is a More Sensitive Marker of Prior Exposure to Coxiella burnetii Than Are Antibody Responses
Authors: Scholzen Anja , de Vries Margot , Duerr Hans-Peter , Roest Hendrik-Jan , Sluder Ann E. , Poznansky Mark C. , Kouwijzer Milou L. C. E. , Garritsen Anja
Published: July 2021

For the zoonotic disease Q fever, serological analysis plays a dominant role in the diagnosis ofCoxiella burnetiiinfection and in pre-screening for past exposure prior to vaccination. A number of studies suggest that assessment ofC. burnetii-specific T-cell IFNγ responses may be a more sensitive tool to assess past exposure. In this study, we assessed the performance of a whole bloodC. burnetiiIFNγ release assay in comparison to serological detection in an area of high Q fever incidence in 2014, up to seven years after initial exposure during the Dutch Q fever outbreak 2007-2010. In a cohort of >1500 individuals from the Dutch outbreak village of Herpen, approximately 60% had mounted IFNγ responses toC. burnetii. This proportion was independent of theCoxiellastrain used for stimulation and much higher than the proportion of individuals scored sero-positive using the serological gold standard immunofluorescence assay. Moreover,C. burnetii-specific IFNγ responses were found to be more durable than antibody responses in two sub-groups of individuals known to have sero-converted as of 2007 or previously reported to the municipality as notified Q fever cases. A novel ready-to-use version of the IFNγ release assay assessed in a subgroup of pre-exposed individuals in 2021 (10-14 years post exposure) proved again to be more sensitive than serology in detecting past exposure. These data demonstrate thatC. burnetii-induced IFNγ release is indeed a more sensitive and durable marker of exposure toC. burnetiithan are serological responses. In combination with a simplified assay version suitable for implementation in routine diagnostic settings, this makes the assessment of IFNγ responses a valuable tool for exposure screening to obtain epidemiological data, and to identify previously exposed individuals in pre-vaccination screens.
Japan: Diagnosis and Management of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis With Severe Ocular Complications
Authors: Sotozono Chie , Ueta Mayumi , Kinoshita Shigeru
Published: July 2021

In 2005, the “Japanese Research Committee on Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reaction” (J-SCAR) presented the official “Diagnostic Criteria” for SJS/TEN, and the specific ocular findings are included in these very important criteria. In SJS/TEN cases involving ocular disorder, conjunctivitis often occurs prior to the onset of the high fever. In a Japanese survey, ocular involvement was observed in 77% of the cases, and the incidence of ocular sequelae increased depending on the score of the acute ocular severity findings. Pseudo-membrane formation and epithelial defects are considered to be high-risk signs of ocular sequelae. At the chronic stage, limbal stem cell deficiency, visual disturbance, and severe dryness of the ocular surface are the primary disease characteristics. In 2002, we started performing Cultivated Oral Mucosal Epithelial Transplantation (COMET) for the treatment of severe ocular disorders, including SJS/TEN. As an additional treatment method, we developed a new type of rigid contact lens (CL) that is 13 to 14.0-mm in diameter, known as the “Limbal Rigid Contact Lens (Limbal CL).” Our Limbal Rigid CL greatly enhances the postoperative outcome of COMET. The detection rate of ocular surface bacteria is high in SJS/TEN cases. Thus, appropriate use of topical antibiotics reduces the risk of ocular surface inflammation. Moreover, rebamipide is an ophthalmic solution for dry eye that was developed in Japan, and it also has the effect of suppressing ocular surface inflammation. From disease onset until the chronic stage, the control of inflammation and stem cell loss is key to successfully treating eyes afflicted with SJS/TEN.
An Overview of Novel Agents for Cervical Cancer Treatment by Inducing Apoptosis: Emerging Drugs Ongoing Clinical Trials and Preclinical Studies
Authors: Liu Lei , Wang Min , Li Xianping , Yin Sheng , Wang Bingqi
Published: July 2021

As the leading cause of cancer death, cervical cancer ranks fourth for both incidence and mortality. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates have reportedly decreased over the last decades thanks to extensive screening and widespread vaccination against human papilloma virus. However, there have been no major improvements concerning platinum-based chemotherapy on the survival of advanced cervical cancer. Thus, novel agents are urgently needed for the improvement of therapeutic effect. With the development of molecular biology and genomics, targeted therapy research has achieved a breakthrough development, including anti-angiogenesis, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and other treatments that are efficient for treatment of cervical cancer. Apoptosis is a crucial process for tumor progression. Drugs directed at inducing tumor-cell apoptosis are regarded as important treatment modalities. Besides, a number of novel compounds synthesized or derived from plants or microorganisms exhibited prominent anti-cancer activity by changing the apoptotic balance in cervical cancer. In this review, we summarized new target therapy drugs ongoing clinical trials that are used for treatment of cervical cancer. Further, we classified novel agents with a focus on improvement of therapeutic effect pre-clinically. To summarize, we also discussed application prospects of the new uses of old drugs and drug combinations, to provide researchers with new ideas for cervical cancer treatment.
Pre-Pregnancy Diet and Vaginal Environment in Caucasian Pregnant Women: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Dall’Asta Margherita , Laghi Luca , Morselli Sara , Re Maria Carla , Zagonari Sara , Patuelli Giulia , Foschi Claudio , Pedna Maria Federica , Sambri Vittorio , Marangoni Antonella , Danesi Francesca
Published: July 2021

Vaginal microbes and their metabolic products have crucial functions, affecting local immunity development and maternal-fetal health. The composition of the vaginal microbiome can vary in response to various factors, including body mass index (BMI), and diet. In this study we get new insights into the vaginal ecosystem of Caucasian women (n = 24) at the first trimester of pregnancy, assessing whether pre-pregnancy diet can affect the structure of the vaginal environment in terms of bacterial composition and vaginal metabolite concentration. We characterized 1) the vaginal bacterial composition (Nugent score), 2) the vaginal metabolic profiles (1H-NMR spectroscopy), and 3) the dietary nutrient intake by means of a validated food frequency questionnaire. Pre-pregnancy BMI was negatively related to vaginal health status, indicating that women who begin pregnancy overweight/obese have a greater occurrence of vaginal dysbiosis during pregnancy. A lactobacilli-dominated vaginal microbiota was negatively associated with higher pre-pregnancy intake of animal-sourced protein. Conversely, a higher pre-pregnancy consumption of total carbohydrates and sugars seemed to be a protective factor for vaginal health. The vaginal environment of BV-women was characterized by higher levels of biogenic amines and organic acids, whereas higher levels of phenylpropionate and diverse amino acids were fingerprints of a healthy vaginal status. A significant association between a higher pre-pregnancy BMI and several dysbiosis-related vaginal metabolites was also found. Our study shed light on the role of pre-pregnancy BMI and diet on the vaginal environment during pregnancy, underlining the importance of limiting protein intake from animal foods to maintain a healthy lactobacilli-dominated microbiota.
Structural Biology in the Clouds: The WeNMR-EOSC Ecosystem
Authors: Honorato Rodrigo V. , Koukos Panagiotis I. , Jiménez-García Brian , Tsaregorodtsev Andrei , Verlato Marco , Giachetti Andrea , Rosato Antonio , Bonvin Alexandre M. J. J.
Published: July 2021

Structural biology aims at characterizing the structural and dynamic properties of biological macromolecules at atomic details. Gaining insight into three dimensional structures of biomolecules and their interactions is critical for understanding the vast majority of cellular processes, with direct applications in health and food sciences. Since 2010, the WeNMR project (www.wenmr.eu) has implemented numerous web-based services to facilitate the use of advanced computational tools by researchers in the field, using the high throughput computing infrastructure provided by EGI. These services have been further developed in subsequent initiatives under H2020 projects and are now operating as Thematic Services in the European Open Science Cloud portal (www.eosc-portal.eu), sending >12 millions of jobs and using around 4,000 CPU-years per year. Here we review 10 years of successful e-infrastructure solutions serving a large worldwide community of over 23,000 users to date, providing them with user-friendly, web-based solutions that run complex workflows in structural biology. The current set of active WeNMR portals are described, together with the complex backend machinery that allows distributed computing resources to be harvested efficiently.
Immune Microenvironment Signatures as Biomarkers to Predict Early Recurrence of Stage Ia-b Lung Cancer
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zhou Danting , Wu Fang , Liang Qingchun , He Qiongzhi , Peng Muyun , Yao Tianyu , Hu Yan , Qian Banglun , Tang Jingqun , Wang Xiang , Liu Wenliang , Yu Fenglei , Chen Chen
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Approximately 30% of patients diagnosed with stage Ia-b NSCLC die of recurrent disease after surgery. This study aimed to identify immune-related biomarkers that might predict tumor recurrence in stage Ia-b NSCLC within 40 months after curative resection.

Methods

Gene expression data of stage Ia-b NSCLC samples was retrieved from the TCGA database, the GEO databases, and the Second Xiangya hospital (XXEYY) database. 22 types of tumors infiltrating immune cells and the expression of immune-associated genes were investigated using CIBERSORT, immunohistochemical staining, and GSEA analyses in a total of 450 patients (80 in the training cohort and 370 in the validation cohorts). Recurrence-related immune features were selected based on the LASSO Cox regression model.

Results

High density of Tregs, Macrophages M0 and M1 cell could be observed in recurrence group while the memory B cell was more frequently enriched in controls, yet Tregs alone was significantly associated with tumor early recurrence in TCGA cohort, XYEYY cohort and GSE37745 dataset. A handful of immune-related genes were identified in the recurrence group. Based on Lasso regression analysis, the expressions of five immune-related genes, RLTPR, SLFN13, MIR4500HG, HYDIN and TPRG1 were closely correlated with tumor early recurrence. In the training cohort (TCGA), the combination of these five genes has sensitivity and specificity of 85% and 85%, with AUC of 0.91 (95% CI 0.84-0.98) for lung cancer early recurrence prediction, whereas in validation cohorts, the sensitivity and specificity using this panel was 61-89% and 54-82%, with AUC of 0.62-0.84.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that the immune microenvironment signatures were closely related to tumor early recurrence. Compared to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, the expression of five immune-related genes could be robust biomarkers to predict early recurrence of stage Ia-b NSCLC after curative resection.