bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the International Sustainable Practice of the Taiwanese Food and Agricultural Education Law under the Current Global Food Security Challenges
Authors: Huang Chih-Cheng , Li Shang-Pin , Lai Jiin-Chyuan Mark , Chan Yung-Kuan , Hsieh Ming Yuan
Published: July 2023

On 19 April 2022, in order to overcome a succession of recent global food health and agriculture safety (FHAS) incidents, the Taiwanese government instituted and announced 20 comprehensive Articles under the Taiwanese Food and Agricultural Education Law (TFAEL) for regulating the Taiwanese FHAS in order to completely construct the international strategies under the current global food security challenges of the FAHS. As a result, this research study firstly employs the learning community model (LCM) of the learning theory to measure the implementing depth of the international sustainability practice of the 20 Articles of the Taiwanese FHASE from a learning performance analytical perspective. Then, the social learning theory (SLT) of the educational theory is applied to consolidate the individual behaviors of the relative stakeholders, the organizational management of the relative industries and the socialized consent of the multilateral organization performance assessment network (MOPAN) of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN). After completing quantitative and qualitative analyses, the two most valuable conclusions and findings were as follows: (1) Not only Article 12, but also Articles 3, 4 and 5 of the new law can empirically facilitate strategic management for supporting and promoting the Taiwanese FHAS educational policy dialogue at a global, regional and country scale in order to effectively advance the international sustainable compatibility of the TFAEL. (2) Articles 6, 11 and 16 of the new law can completely construct operational management for building normative and standard-setting Taiwanese FHAS educational works in order to efficiently advance the international sustainable compatibility of the TFAEL. Therefore, beyond the analytical results of this research, the international sustainable compatibility of the TFAEL provides a direction for the development of sustainable food systems, food policies, agricultural food markets and food chains in order to overcome the various contemporary global food security challenges.
Branched Chain Amino Acid Content and Antioxidant Activity of Mung Bean Tempeh Powder for Developing Oral Nutrition Supplements
Authors: Yanti  , Violina Vanessa , Putri Caecilia Eka , Lay Bibiana Widiyati
Published: July 2023

Mung bean (Vigna radiata), a non-soybean legume, is known as one of the vegetable protein sources with 27% protein content. Mung bean also has a high content of essential amino acids, including branched chain amino acids (BCAAs). The use of mung bean for tempeh production presumably increases its nutritional value and functional efficacy, most significantly in protein and BCAA content. This tempeh is further applied for developing modern functional foods such as oral nutrition supplements (ONS). ONS can be used as a substitute for food and emergency food due to its complete nutritional content, as well as to treat malnourished patients. This study was aimed to produce mung bean tempeh powder, to formulate a mung bean tempeh one shot ONS high in BCAA content, and to determine its proximate analysis, antioxidant activity, and sensory characterization. Mung bean tempeh powder was successfully obtained with a yield of 37.50%, protein 39.19%, total amino acids 286.21 mg/g, essential amino acids 117.97 mg/g, and BCAAs 54.14 mg/g. There were 6 ONS formulas that were made with the combination of mung bean tempeh powder, palm sugar or honey, olive oil, and addition of an emulsifier. The selected formulas (F1 and F4) as well as commercial mung bean juice were sensory analyzed by applying an appropriate hedonic test. The results showed that the panelists both liked ONS F1 and F4 (p > 0.05). In addition, both ONS F1 and F4 at 5% demonstrated a significant antioxidant capacity, 92.79% and 82.57% of ascorbic acid, respectively. These data suggest that mung bean tempeh containing high branched amino acids could be recommended as a functional ingredient that gives health promotion for ONS development.
Preparation of an Aminated Lignin/Fe(III)/Polyvinyl Alcohol Film: A Packaging Material with UV Resistance and Slow-Release Function
Authors: Gao Shushan , Zhu Chonghao , Ma Liangfei , Liu Chenghai , Zhang Hongqiong , Zhang Shengming
Published: July 2023

To reduce the usage of petroleum-based plastic products, a lignin-based film material named aminated lignin/Fe(III)/PVA was developed. The mixture of 8 g lignin, 12 mL diethylenetriamine, 200 mL NaOH solution (0.4 mol·L−1), and 8 mL formaldehyde was heated at 85 °C for 4 h; after the aminated lignin was impregnated in the Fe(NO3)3 solution, a mixture of 3 g aminated lignin/Fe(III), 7 g PVA, and 200 mL NaOH solution (pH 8) was heated at 85 °C for 60 min; after 2 mL of glycerin was added, the mixture was spread on a glass plate to obtain the aminated lignin/Fe(III)/PVA film. This film demonstrated hydrophobicity, an UV-blocking function, and a good slow-release performance. Due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of lignin and PVA, the tensile strength, the elongation at break, and the fracture resistance of the film were 9.1%, 107.8%, and 21.9% higher than that of pure PVA film, respectively. The iron content of aminated lignin/Fe(III)/PVA was 1.06 wt%, which mainly existed in a trivalent form. The aminated lignin/Fe(III)/PVA film has the potential to be used as a food packaging material with anti-ultraviolet light function and can also be developed as other packaging materials, such as seedling bowls, pots for transplanting, and coating films during transport.
Screening and Metabolomic Analysis of Lactic Acid Bacteria-Antagonizing Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Li Jianzhou , Chen Xiaohua , Xie Ziyan , Liang Lin , Li Anping , Zhao Chao , Wen Yuxi , Lou Zaixiang
Published: July 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a conditional Gram-negative pathogen that produces extracellular virulence factors that can lead to bloodstream invasion, severely harm tissues, and disseminate bacteria, ultimately leading to various diseases. In this study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with strong antagonistic ability against P. aeruginosa were screened, and the regulatory mechanism of LAB against P. aeruginosa was evaluated. The results showed that the three selected LAB strains had strong inhibition ability on the growth, biofilm formation, and pyocyanin expression of P. aeruginosa and a promoting effect on the expression of autoinducer-2. Among them, Lactipantibacillus plantarum (Lp. plantarum) LPyang is capable of affecting the metabolic processes of P. aeruginosa by influencing metabolic substances, such as LysoPC, oxidized glutathione, betaine, etc. These results indicate that LPyang reduces the infectivity of P. aeruginosa through inhibition of its growth, biofilm formation, pyocyanin expression, and regulation of its metabolome. This study provides new insights into the antagonistic activity of Lp. plantarum LPyang against P. aeruginosa.
Access to Information, and Concerns, Myths and Truths about Food Safety during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Overview of the Portuguese Population
Authors: Lemos Marcela , Maia Rui Leandro , Teixeira Paula
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic raised questions and concerns about the possibility of the virus being transmitted through food, as the virus was found in sewage, shrimps and packages of frozen food. During the first wave of COVID-19, concerns about the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through food arose. As the number of cases began to increase rapidly, so did the availability of information regarding the virus and ways to prevent infection. A significant portion of this information was disseminated by the media and the general public. Identifying and understanding the main doubts and concerns about food hygiene and safety raised by the Portuguese population during the first wave of COVID-19 is important in order to understand whether these issues have influenced their practices and what lessons can be learnt for food safety and hygiene education. The aims of this work were (1) to understand the doubts and concerns of the Portuguese population regarding food safety and hygiene during the first wave of COVID-19, and how these issues were clarified, (2) to analyze the population’s opinion on food/hygiene myths and truths related to the transmission and prevention of the infection, and (3) to understand how the first wave of COVID-19 may have influenced the population’s practices linked to food handling and consumption. The main doubts of the respondents were related to food handling (41.6%) and the possibility of transmission of COVID-19 through food (17%). Television was the main source of information used to clarify these doubts (32.9%), followed by a guideline issued by the Directorate-General of Health (30.7%). However, most respondents (50.9%) said that they had only found answers to some of their questions. Most respondents reported washing and disinfecting hands before (85% and 63.4%, respectively) and after (73.8% and 57.3%, respectively) the handling and organization of food purchases. Most respondents did not believe the myths about COVID-19 and food safety, but this depended on their level of education. Some practices may have changed as a result of the pandemic, particularly with regard to washing and disinfecting hands and food, as well as kitchen hygiene.
Special Issue “Strategies to Develop High-Quality Gluten-Free Products Welcomed by Consumers”
Authors: Yano Hiroyuki
Published: July 2023

Extensive and long-term efforts on wheat breeding [...]
Gel Polymer Electrolytes: Advancing Solid-State Batteries for High-Performance Applications
Authors: Aruchamy Kanakaraj , Ramasundaram Subramaniyan , Divya Sivasubramani , Chandran Murugesan , Yun Kyusik , Oh Tae Hwan
Published: July 2023

Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) hold tremendous potential for advancing high-energy-density and safe rechargeable solid-state batteries, making them a transformative technology for advancing electric vehicles. GPEs offer high ionic conductivity and mechanical stability, enabling their use in quasi-solid-state batteries that combine solid-state interfaces with liquid-like behavior. Various GPEs based on different materials, including flame-retardant GPEs, dendrite-free polymer gel electrolytes, hybrid solid-state batteries, and 3D printable GPEs, have been developed. Significant efforts have also been directed toward improving the interface between GPEs and electrodes. The integration of gel-based electrolytes into solid-state electrochemical devices has the potential to revolutionize energy storage solutions by offering improved efficiency and reliability. These advancements find applications across diverse industries, particularly in electric vehicles and renewable energy. This review comprehensively discusses the potential of GPEs as solid-state electrolytes for diverse battery systems, such as lithium-ion batteries (LiBs), lithium metal batteries (LMBs), lithium–oxygen batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, zinc-based batteries, sodium–ion batteries, and dual-ion batteries. This review highlights the materials being explored for GPE development, including polymers, inorganic compounds, and ionic liquids. Furthermore, it underscores the transformative impact of GPEs on solid-state batteries and their role in enhancing the performance and safety of energy storage devices.
Development and Comparative Evaluation of Ciprofloxacin Nanoemulsion-Loaded Bigels Prepared Using Different Ratios of Oleogel to Hydrogels
Authors: Hamed Rania , Abu Alata Wala’a , Abu-Sini Mohammad , Abulebdah Dina H. , Hammad Alaa M. , Aburayya Rafa
Published: July 2023

Nanoemulsions and bigels are biphasic delivery systems that can be used for topical applications. The aim of this study was to incorporate an oil-in-water ciprofloxacin hydrochloride nanoemulsion (CIP.HCl NE) into two types of bigels, Type I (oleogel (OL)-in-hydrogel (WH)) and Type II (WH-in-OL) to enhance drug penetration into skin and treat topical bacterial infections. Bigels were prepared at various ratios of OL and WH (1:1, 1:2, and 1:4). Initially, CIP.HCl NE was prepared and characterized in terms of droplet size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, morphology, and thermodynamic and chemical stability. Then CIP.HCl NE was dispersed into the OL or WH phase of the bigel. The primary physical stability studies showed that Type I bigels were physically stable, showing no phase separation. Whereas Type II bigels were physically unstable, hence excluded from the study. Type I bigels were subjected to microstructural, rheological, in vitro release, antimicrobial, and stability studies. The microscopic images showed a highly structured bigel network with nanoemulsion droplets dispersed within the bigel network. Additionally, bigels exhibited pseudoplastic flow and viscoelastic properties. A complete drug release was achieved after 4–5 h. The in vitro and ex vivo antimicrobial studies revealed that bigels exhibited antimicrobial activity against different bacterial strains. Moreover, stability studies showed that the rheological properties and physical and chemical stability varied based on the bigel composition over three months. Therefore, the physicochemical and rheological properties, drug release rate, and antimicrobial activity of Type I bigels could be modified by altering the OL to WH ratio and the phase in which the nanoemulsion dispersed in.
Two New Mitogenomes of Bibionidae and Their Comparison within the Infraorder Bibionomorpha (Diptera)
Authors: Xiao Mei-Ling , Yuan Huan , Li Ting-Jing , Chen Bin
Published: July 2023

Despite the worldwide distribution and rich diversity of the infraorder Bibionomorpha in Diptera, the characteristics of mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are still little-known, and the phylogenetics and evolution of the infraorder remains controversial. In the present study, we report complete and annotated mitogenome sequences of Penthetria simplioipes and Plecia hardyi representing Bibionidae. This is the first report of the complete mitogenomes for the superfamily Bibionoidea. There are 37 genes in each of the complete mitogenomes of all 20 studied species from eight families of four superfamilies within infraorder Bibionomorpha. The Ka/Ks analysis suggests that all 13 PCGs have undergone purifying selection. The gene rearrangement events exist in some families (Keroplatidae, Sciaridae, and Cecidomyiidae) but not in Mycetophilidae in Sciaroidea and also in Scatopsoidea, Anisopodoidea, and Bibionoidea, which suggests that these rearrangement events are derived in the late period in the evolution of the Bibionomorpha. The phylogenetic analysis suggests the phylogenetic relationships of Scatopsoidea + (Anisopodoidea + (Bibionoidea + Sciaroidea)) in Bibionomorpha. The divergence time analysis suggests that Bibionomorpha originated in the Triassic, Scatopsoidea and Anisopodoidea in the late Triassic, Bibionoidea in the Jurassic, and Sciaroidea in the Jurassic to the Cretaceous. The work lays a base for the study of mitogenomes in Bibionomorpha but further work and broader taxon sampling are necessary for a better understanding of the phylogenetics and evolution of the infraorder.
Investigating the Migratory Behavior of Soybean Looper, a Major Pest of Soybean, through Comparisons with the Corn Pest Fall Armyworm Using Mitochondrial Haplotypes and a Sex-Linked Marker
Authors: Nagoshi Rodney N. , Davis Jeffrey A. , Meagher Robert L. , Musser Fred R. , Head Graham P. , Portillo Hector , Teran Henry
Published: July 2023

The Noctuid moth soybean looper (SBL), Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), is an economically important pest of soybean (Glycine max (Linnaeus) Merrill). Because it is not known to survive freezing winters, permanent populations in the United States are believed to be limited to the southern regions of Texas and Florida, yet its geographical range of infestations annually extend to Canada. This indicates annual migrations of thousands of kilometers during the spring and summer growing season. This behavior is like that of the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), also a Noctuid that is a major global pest of corn. SBL and FAW are projected to have very similar distributions of permanent populations in North America based on climate suitability modeling and the overlap in the distribution of their preferred host plants (corn and soybean). It therefore seems likely that the two species will display similar migratory behavior in the United States. This was tested by identifying genetic markers in SBL analogous to those successfully used to delineate FAW migratory pathways and comparing the distribution patterns of the markers from the two species. Contrary to expectations, the results indicate substantial differences in migratory behavior that appear to be related to differences in the timing of corn and soybean plantings. These findings underscore the importance of agricultural practices in influencing pest migration patterns, in particular the timing of host availability relative to mean seasonal air transport patterns.
Genetic Ancestry Estimates within Dutch Family Units and Across Genotyping Arrays: Insights from Empirical Analysis Using Two Estimation Methods
Authors: Beck Jeffrey J. , Ahmed Talitha , Finnicum Casey T. , Zwinderman Koos , Ehli Erik A. , Boomsma Dorret I. , Hottenga Jouke Jan
Published: July 2023

Accurate inference of genetic ancestry is crucial for population-based association studies, accounting for population heterogeneity and structure. This study analyzes genome-wide SNP data from the Netherlands Twin Register to compare genetic ancestry estimates. The focus is on the comparison of ancestry estimates between family members and individuals genotyped on multiple arrays (Affymetrix 6.0, Affymetrix Axiom, and Illumina GSA). Two conventional methods, principal component analysis and ADMIXTURE, were implemented to estimate ancestry, each serving its specific purpose, rather than for direct comparison. The results reveal that as the degree of genetic relatedness decreases, the Euclidean distances of genetic ancestry estimates between family members significantly increase (empirical p < 0.001), regardless of the estimation method and genotyping array. Ancestry estimates among individuals genotyped on multiple arrays also show statistically significant differences (empirical p < 0.001). Additionally, this study investigates the relationship between the ancestry estimates of non-identical twin offspring with ancestrally diverse parents and those with ancestrally similar parents. The results indicate a statistically significant weak correlation between the variation in ancestry estimates among offspring and differences in ancestry estimates among parents (Spearman’s rho: 0.07, p = 0.005). This study highlights the utility of current methods in inferring genetic ancestry, emphasizing the importance of reference population composition in determining ancestry estimates.
Neutral Forces and Balancing Selection Interplay to Shape the Major Histocompatibility Complex Spatial Patterns in the Striped Hamster in Inner Mongolia: Suggestive of Broad-Scale Local Adaptation
Authors: Liu Pengbo , Li Guichang , Zhao Ning , Song Xiuping , Wang Jun , Shi Xinfei , Wang Bin , Zhang Lu , Dong Li , Li Qingduo , Liu Qiyong , Lu Liang
Published: July 2023

Background: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a key role in the adaptive immune response to pathogens due to its extraordinary polymorphism. However, the spatial patterns of MHC variation in the striped hamster remain unclear, particularly regarding the relative contribution of the balancing selection in shaping MHC spatial variation and diversity compared to neutral forces. Methods: In this study, we investigated the immunogenic variation of the striped hamster in four wild populations in Inner Mongolia which experience a heterogeneous parasitic burden. Our goal was to identify local adaptation by comparing the genetic structure at the MHC with that at seven microsatellite loci, taking into account neutral processes. Results: We observed significant variation in parasite pressure among sites, with parasite burden showing a correlation with temperature and precipitation. Molecular analysis revealed a similar co-structure between MHC and microsatellite loci. We observed lower genetic differentiation at MHC loci compared to microsatellite loci, and no correlation was found between the two. Conclusions: Overall, these results suggest a complex interplay between neutral evolutionary forces and balancing selection in shaping the spatial patterns of MHC variation. Local adaptation was not detected on a small scale but may be applicable on a larger scale.
The Ratio of cf-mtDNA vs. cf-nDNA in the Follicular Fluid of Women Undergoing IVF Is Positively Correlated with Age
Authors: Tsirka Georgia , Zikopoulos Athanasios , Papageorgiou Kyriaki , Kostoulas Charilaos , Tsigkas Ioannis , Moustakli Efthalia , Kaltsas Aris , Sarafi Eleftheria , Michaelidis Theologos M. , Georgiou Ioannis
Published: July 2023

Age-related mitochondrial markers may facilitate the prognosis of artificial reproductive technology outcomes. In this report, we present our study concerning the ratio of cf-mtDNA/cf-nDNA, namely the amount of cell-free mitochondrial DNA relative to cell-free nuclear DNA, in the follicular fluid (FF) of women undergoing IVF, aiming to generate a molecular fingerprint of oocyte quality. The values of this ratio were measured and compared among three groups of women (101 in total): (A) 31 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), (B) 34 women younger than 36 years, and (C) 36 women older than 35 years of age. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed to quantify the ratio by using nuclear- and mitochondrial-specific primers and analyzed for potential correlation with age and pregnancy rate. Our analysis showed that the level of FF-cf-mtDNA was lower in the group of advanced-age women than in the groups of PCOS and non-PCOS women. Moreover, a significant positive correlation between FF-cf-mtDNA and the number of mature (MII) oocytes was observed. Collectively, the data show that the relative ratio of cf- mtDNA to cf-nDNA content in human FF can be an effective predictor for assessing the corresponding oocyte’s age-related performance in IVF.
APC-Related Phenotypes and Intellectual Disability in 5q Interstitial Deletions: A New Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Privitera Flavia , Piccini Flavia , Recalcati Maria Paola , Presi Silvia , Mazzola Silvia , Carrera Paola
Published: July 2023

The 5q deletion syndrome is a relatively rare condition caused by the monoallelic interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5. Patients described in literature usually present variable dysmorphic features, behavioral disturbance, and intellectual disability (ID); moreover, the involvement of the APC gene (5q22.2) in the deletion predisposes them to tumoral syndromes (Familial Adenomatous Polyposis and Gardner syndrome). Although the development of gastrointestinal tract malignancies has been extensively described, the genetic causes underlying neurologic manifestations have never been investigated. In this study, we described a new patient with a 19.85 Mb interstitial deletion identified by array-CGH and compared the deletions and the phenotypes reported in other patients already described in the literature and the Decipher database. Overlapping deletions allowed us to highlight a common region in 5q22.1q23.1, identifying KCNN2 (5q22.3) as the most likely candidate gene contributing to the neurologic phenotype.
The Combination of Updated Geotechnical, Seismotectonic and Isoseismal Maps of the Ionian Islands (Greece)
Authors: Alexopoulos John D. , Dilalos Spyridon , Giannopoulos Ioannis-Konstantinos , Filis Christos , Vassilakis Emmanuel , Voulgaris Nikolaos
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we present a systematic GIS-based approach for producing updated, upscaled, unified and reevaluated maps for the Ionian Islands of Greece, which is an area of great geological interest. In particular, Cephalonia and Lefkada are two islands with an increased and intense seismicity. Therefore, a common GIS geodatabase was produced for handling the geoinformation of the area. New upscaled (scale 1:50,000) geotechnical and seismotectonic maps of these islands were produced based on older ones. On the other hand, the corresponding maps of the islands, based on the categories of the Greek antiseismic code and Eurocode 8, were produced in an effort to correlate them. Beyond that, all the available isoseismal maps of the earthquakes that hit the Ionian Islands were gathered in an effort to evaluate them and to find possible correlations with the other types of maps. Based on the correlation results, the consideration of the Vs30 parameter in the Greek antiseismic code is proposed for a better categorization of the geological formations.
Risk of Sarcopenia and Associated Factors in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Massimino Elena , Izzo Anna , Castaldo Carmen , Ferretti Erica , Rivellese Angela Albarosa , Della Pepa Giuseppe
Published: July 2023

Background: Evidence on the risk of sarcopenia and associated factors in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is lacking. We evaluate (1) the proportion of patients at risk of sarcopenia in older adults with T2D; and (2) the factors associated with the risk of sarcopenia. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on T2D patients over 65 years referred to our outpatient clinic and who carried out the yearly complication assessment visit. Eligible patients were administered questionnaires during phone interviews for the risk evaluation of sarcopenia (SARC-F), the risk evaluation of malnutrition (Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA®-SF)), the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MEDI-quest), and the evaluation of physical activity (the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form). Results: A total of 138 patients were included in the study, and 12 patients (8.7% (95% CI 4.6–14.7)) were at risk of sarcopenia. The mean SARC-F score was significantly higher in women compared with men (2.1 ± 1.8 vs. 0.9 ± 1.4, respectively; p < 0.001). The majority of patients identified at risk of sarcopenia compared with those not at risk were women (75% vs. 30%, respectively; p = 0.003), had a higher proportion of neuropathy (50% vs. 19%, respectively; p = 0.027), a lower mean MNA®-SF score (11.6 ± 1.5 vs. 13.0 ± 1.4, respectively; p = 0.001), a lower mean MEDI-quest score (5.2 ± 1.5 vs. 5.9 ± 1, respectively; p = 0.037), and were more inactive (92% vs. 61%, respectively; p = 0.032). Conclusions: In a sample of older adults with T2D, the risk of sarcopenia was identified in 8.7% (95% CI: 4.6–14.7) of the sample, and the main factors associated were female gender, neuropathy, a lower MNA®-SF score, low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and low physical activity.
Cost Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography in Cardiology: A Case Study of a University Hospital Complex in the Euro Region
Authors: Reyes-Santias Francisco , García-García Carlos , Aibar-Guzmán Beatriz , García-Campos Ana , Cordova-Arevalo Octavio , Mendoza-Pintos Margarita , Cinza-Sanjurjo Sergio , Portela-Romero Manuel , Mazón-Ramos Pilar , Gonzalez-Juanatey Jose Ramon
Published: July 2023

Introduction: In recent years, several hospitals have incorporated MRI equipment managed directly by their cardiology departments. The aim of our work is to determine the total cost per test of both CT and MRI in the setting of a Cardiology Department of a tertiary hospital. Materials and Methods: The process followed for estimating the costs of CT and MRI tests consists of three phases: (1) Identification of the phases of the testing process; (2) Identification of the resources consumed in carrying out the tests; (3) Quantification and assessment of inputs. Results: MRI involves higher personnel (EUR 66.03 vs. EUR 49.17) and equipment (EUR 89.98 vs. EUR 33.73) costs, while CT consumes higher expenditures in consumables (EUR 93.28 vs. EUR 22.95) and overheads (EUR 1.64 vs. EUR 1.55). The total cost of performing each test is higher in MRI (EUR 180.60 vs. EUR 177.73). Conclusions: We can conclude that the unit cost of each CT and MRI performed in that unit are EUR 177.73 and EUR 180.60, respectively, attributable to consumables in the case of CT and to amortization of equipment and staff time in the case of MRI.
Predicting Quality of Life in Women with Breast Cancer Who Engage in Physical Exercise: The Role of Psychological Variables
Authors: Fresno-Alba Santiago , Leyton-Román Marta , Mesquita da Silva Sara , Jiménez-Castuera Ruth
Published: July 2023

In this study, we aimed to conduct a descriptive analysis of the primary physiological and psychological factors influencing the quality of life in women with breast cancer who engage in physical exercise. The study examined the key psychological variables predicting patients’ quality of life, perceived support from family and friends, and the perception of physical condition. The sample consisted of 46 women from Cáceres (Spain) aged between 30 and 75 years undergoing breast cancer treatment. The Functional Evaluation Scale in Cancer Therapy (FACT-B+4) was used to measure quality of life; the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale was used to measure autonomy, competence, and social relationships; the Behavior Regulation Questionnaire in Exercise (BREQ-3) was used to measure the types of self-determined motivation for sports participation; the General Evaluation of Self-Esteem Scale was used to measure self-esteem; the International Fitness Scale (IFIS) was used to measure perceived physical condition; and the Perceived Autonomy Support Scale for Exercise Settings (PASSES) was used to measure the perceived autonomy support from family and friends. A multiple regression analysis revealed that perceived physical condition and self-esteem were significant positive predictors of a variance in quality of life, while intrinsic motivation did not significantly predict it. The findings underscore the importance of promoting autonomous motivation in patients to enhance their physical and psychological well-being through physical activity.
Human Skin Pigmentation: From a Biological Feature to a Social Determinant
Authors: Mosca Sarah , Morrone Aldo
Published: July 2023

Skin pigmentation is the most variable human characteristic that can be observed and has been used throughout history to classify humans into distinct groups. Many factors influence skin colour, but the melanin pigment is considered the most important because its type and quantity can determine variations in pigmentation shades. The evolution of skin pigmentation started around 1.6–2 million years ago. As a result of migratory phenomena to places with less ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and other seasonal regimes, the selection of depigmented skin and different tanning capabilities occurred over time. Thus, genetic adaptation to new environmental conditions gradually led to changes in skin pigmentation. Despite the biological importance of pigmentation, variation in skin colour has led to social and health inequalities. Since Linnaeus, skin colour classifications have been used to describe different human groups, encouraging the misuse of a biological characteristic. This review examines the characterisation of pigmentation and its evolution through history and society. The unequal perception of pigmentation diversity has led to an incomplete state of dermatological training and issues in medical approach in dermatology. The consciousness of all these aspects increases the need to address and overcome dermatologic and social health disparities related to skin pigmentation.
Persistent Pain as an Early Indicator for Operative Carpal Tunnel Revision after Primary Release: A Retrospective Analysis of Recurrent and Persistent Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Gmainer Daniel Georg , Hecker Andrzej , Brinskelle Petra , Draschl Alexander , Reinbacher Patrick , Kamolz Lars-Peter , Lumenta David Benjamin
Published: July 2023

Background: Prolonged symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) after primary carpal tunnel release (CTR) can reduce the quality of life and lead to multiple referrals across specialties. The following study aimed to identify differences in symptoms, signs, and intraoperative findings between recurrent and persistent CTS cases to avoid undesired outcomes after primary CTR. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on revision CTRs performed between 2005 and 2015 using literature-based definitions for recurrent (a relapse of symptoms occurs following a symptom-free period of ≥3 months) and persistent (symptoms persisting longer than three months after surgical release) CTS. The parameters assessed were symptoms, clinical signs, and intraoperative findings. Results: Out of 53 cases, 85% (n = 45) were external referrals, whereby our own revision rate was 0.67% (n = 8/1199). Paresthesia and numbness were frequent in both groups; however, abnormal postoperative pain was reported more often in persistent cases (86%; n = 30/35) in comparison to recurrent cases (50%; n = 9/18; p = 0.009). Scarring around the median nerve was observed in almost all recurrent cases (94%; n = 17/18) and in 40% (n = 14/35) of persistent cases (p < 0.001). Incomplete division of the palmar ligament was the primary cause for revision in the persistent cohort (49%; n = 17/35). Conclusions: For patients experiencing symptoms for more than three months after CTR, primarily presenting as pain, it is advisable to consider referring the patient to a certified hand clinic for additional evaluation.
Effect of Red Visible Lighting on Postharvest Ripening of Bananas via the Regulation of Energy Metabolism
Authors: Zhou Xinqun , Cheng Jianhu , Sun Jing , Guo Shuzhen , Guo Xuexia , Chen Quan , Wang Xiaomei , Zhu Xuan , Liu Bangdi
Published: July 2023

The mechanism by which LED red light irradiation regulates postharvest banana ripening was evaluated in this study by the continuous irradiation of banana fruits at the mature-green stage. In this study, a self-developed LED banana fresh-keeping container lid was used to continuously irradiate the immature banana fruit. The light wavelength was 655.0 ± 1.0 nm, the light intensity was 800.0 ± 10.0 LX, and the height between the LED lamp and the fruit was 15.0 ± 0.5 cm. Bananas stored under dark conditions were used as the negative control group, and bananas stored under dark conditions after spraying with 500.0 mg/L ethephon diluent were used as the positive control group. Changes in physiological parameters related to postharvest banana ripening, such as the respiration rate, ethylene release, texture, color, carotenoid content, chlorophyll content, adenosine triphosphate content, and energy metabolism-related enzyme activities, were measured during 8 days of storage at 20.0 ± 0.1 °C to analyze the key factors determining postharvest banana ripening in response to red light. The red light-irradiated bananas had higher total color differences and higher rates of chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid synthesis than those of the ethephon-treated group during the storage period. Red light irradiation promoted banana fruit ripening and senescence mainly by promoting carotenoid synthesis, capturing absorbed light energy, accelerating energy metabolism, effectively enhancing the activities of the respiratory and energy metabolism-related enzymes H+ adenosine triphosphatase, Ca2+ adenosine triphosphatase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome C oxidase, and malic enzyme, and promoting organic acid degradation. In conclusion, LED red light can be used as a new physical ripening technology for bananas, with a similar effect to that of traditional ethephon treatment.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Menstrual Hygiene among Girls in Ghizer, Gilgit, Pakistan
Authors: Shah Sanober Fazal , Punjani Neelam Saleem , Rizvi Syeda Naghma , Sheikh Sana Sadiq , Jan Rafat
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Menstrual hygiene is a critical issue encountered by women and girls of reproductive age that negatively affects their health and empowerment. It is still deemed a taboo subject in several parts of the world, and girls hesitate to discuss menstruation with their family members, friends, or schoolteachers, which creates hurdles when they experience their menarche. Girls residing in rural areas encounter more problems, since they lack proper resources and knowledge to manage their menstruation in school as well as at home. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the menstrual hygiene of girls residing in rural areas of Gilgit, Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to assess the study questions. The consecutive sampling technique was applied to recruit 300 female participants from remote areas of Gilgit, Pakistan, who were 13 to 22 years old. A pre-tested questionnaire was utilized to collect the data, and SPSS version 21.0 was used to analyze them. Results: The study found that more than half of the participants had a poor level of knowledge and practices and negative attitudes towards menstrual hygiene. This could be due to many cultural and social factors associated with menstrual hygiene. Conclusions: The study concluded that the study participants were not knowledgeable about menstrual hygiene. They had poor practices and attitudes regarding menstrual hygiene. Hence, it is recommended that frequent sessions should be conducted by healthcare workers to enhance the knowledge of parents, teachers, and young girls, to increase their positive attitudes and practices regarding menstrual hygiene.
A New eHealth Investment Appraisal Framework for Africa: Validation
Authors: Broomhead Sean C. , Mars Maurice , Scott Richard E.
Published: July 2023

(1) Background: Decisions to use eHealth are complex and involve addressing a large opportunity cost. Sound choices are essential. Weighing up investment options is challenging in resource-constrained settings where there are frequently insufficient economics data and expertise to conduct adequate appraisals. To address this, a new eHealth Investment Appraisal Framework (eHIAF) for Africa has been designed and developed. The aim of this paper was to validate the new framework to consider whether it is fit for purpose and to refine it as needed. (2) Methods: An online survey of purposively selected eHealth experts was used to conduct a desktop validation of the proposed eHIAF for Africa. The survey covered the framework development process, structure, content, completeness, and utility. Expert opinions were charted, and a reflective and iterative process used to assess the tool and extract recommendations for refinement. (3) Results: Eleven eHealth experts who completed the survey had experience in African countries and elsewhere. The majority agreed with the eHIAF for Africa development approach and output. They provided valuable suggestions for minor refinements and felt that with these amendments, the eHIAF for Africa would be ‘fit for purpose’. (4) Conclusions: The eHIAF for Africa is considered appropriate for use by policy- and decision-makers working in resource-constrained settings who face the task of selecting optimal eHealth investments. It has the potential for applicability beyond Africa and the framework should now be tested in African countries.
A Market of Lived Experience—User Involvement and the Commodification of Personal Experiences of Mental Illness
Authors: Eriksson Erik
Published: July 2023

Working actively to engage service users in participatory practices is both a policy expectation and a moral imperative for mental health social workers in contemporary Western mental health care. Recent research suggests that such practices of service user involvement are becoming increasingly individualised and driven by market logic. Based on an ethnographic study within a Swedish public psychiatric organisation, this article applies the concept of commodification to examine this trend. By showing how the practice of user involvement takes the form of a market where personal narratives and experiences of mental health problems are bought and sold as commodities, the analysis illuminates how market logic permeates the everyday practice of user involvement. One consequence of this commodification is that user organisations, as well as individual service users, are restricted in their role as independent actors pursuing their own agenda, and instead increasingly act on behalf of the public and as providers of personal experiences. While it is vital that service user perspectives are heard and recognised within mental health services, mental health social workers need to be aware of the risks of commodifying lived experience. When attention is directed to individual experiences and narratives, there is a risk that opportunities to advocate on behalf of the user collective as a whole and speak from a more principled and socio-political standpoint are lost. In addition, the commodification of personal experience tends to rationalise and privilege user narratives that conform to the dominant institutional logic of the mental health organisation, while excluding more uncomfortable and challenging voices, thereby undermining the ability of service users to raise critical issues that do not align with the interests of the mental health organisation.
Microplastic Pollution Prevention: The Need for Robust Policy Interventions to Close the Loopholes in Current Waste Management Practices
Authors: Hettiarachchi Hiroshan , Meegoda Jay N.
Published: July 2023

Plastic materials that are less than 5 mm in size are defined as Microplastics (MPs). MPs that are intentionally produced are called primary MPs; however, the most abundant type in the environment consists of the remainder created by the fragmentation of large plastic debris through physical, chemical, and oxidative processes, which are called secondary MPs. Due to their abundance in the environment, poor degradability, toxicological properties, and negative impact on aquatic and terrestrial organisms, including humans, MP pollution has become a global environmental issue. Combatting MP pollution requires both remediation and preventive measures. Although remediation is a must, considering where the technology stands today, it may take long time to make it happen. Prevention, on the other hand, can be and should be done now. However, the effectiveness of preventive measures depends heavily on how well MP escape routes are researched and understood. In this research, we argue that such escape routes (rather, loopholes) exist not only due to mismanaged plastic waste, but also due to cracks in the current waste management systems. One known MP loophole is facilitated by wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The inability of existing WWTP to retain finer MPs, which are finally released to water bodies together with the treated wastewater, along with the return of captured larger MPs back to landfills and their release into the environment through land applications, are a few examples. Organic waste composting and upcycling of waste incineration ash provide other MP escape pathways. In addition, it is important to understand that the plastics that are in current circulation (active use as well as idling) are responsible for producing MPs through regular wear and tear. Closing these loopholes may be best attempted through policy interventions.
A New Algorithm for Large-Scale Geographically Weighted Regression with K-Nearest Neighbors
Authors: Yang Xiaoyue , Yang Yi , Xu Shenghua , Han Jiakuan , Chai Zhengyuan , Yang Gang
Published: July 2023

Geographically weighted regression (GWR) is a classical method for estimating nonstationary relationships. Notwithstanding the great potential of the model for processing geographic data, its large-scale application still faces the challenge of high computational costs. To solve this problem, we proposed a computationally efficient GWR method, called K-Nearest Neighbors Geographically weighted regression (KNN-GWR). First, it utilizes a k-dimensional tree (KD tree) strategy to improve the speed of finding observations around the regression points, and, to optimize the memory complexity, the submatrices of neighbors are extracted from the matrix of the sample dataset. Next, the optimal bandwidth is found by referring to the spatial clustering relationship explained by K-means. Finally, the performance and accuracy of the proposed KNN-GWR method was evaluated using a simulated dataset and a Chinese house price dataset. The results demonstrated that the KNN-GWR method achieved computational efficiency thousands of times faster than existing GWR algorithms, while ensuring accuracy and significantly improving memory optimization. To the best of our knowledge, this method was able to run hundreds of thousands or millions of data on a standard computer, which can inform improvement in the efficiency of local regression models.
Tailoring the Morphology of Monodisperse Mesoporous Silica Particles Using Different Alkoxysilanes as Silica Precursors
Authors: Fait Fabio , Wagner Stefanie , Steinbach Julia C. , Kandelbauer Andreas , Mayer Hermann A.
Published: July 2023

The hard template method for the preparation of monodisperse mesoporous silica microspheres (MPSMs) has been established in recent years. In this process, in situ-generated silica nanoparticles (SNPs) enter the porous organic template and control the size and pore parameters of the final MPSMs. Here, the sizes of the deposited SNPs are determined by the hydrolysis and condensation rates of different alkoxysilanes in a base catalyzed sol–gel process. Thus, tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), tetrapropyl orthosilicate (TPOS) and tetrabutyl orthosilicate (TBOS) were sol–gel processed in the presence of amino-functionalized poly (glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (p(GMA-co-EDMA)) templates. The size of the final MPSMs covers a broad range of 0.5–7.3 µm and a median pore size distribution from 4.0 to 24.9 nm. Moreover, the specific surface area can be adjusted between 271 and 637 m2 g−1. Also, the properties and morphology of the MPSMs differ according to the SNPs. Furthermore, the combination of different alkoxysilanes allows the individual design of the morphology and pore parameters of the silica particles. Selected MPSMs were packed into columns and successfully applied as stationary phases in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the separation of various water-soluble vitamins.