bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electroosmotic and Gyrotactic Microorganisms Effects on MHD Al2O3-Cu/Blood Hybrid Nanofluid Flow through Multi-Stenosed Bifurcated Artery
Authors: Khanduri Umesh , Sharma Bhupendra Kumar , Almohsen Bandar , Bhatti Muhammad Mubashir
Published: March 2024

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the electroosmotic flow of a hybrid nanofluid (Al2O3-Cu/Blood) with gyrotactic microorganisms through a bifurcated artery with mild stenosis in both parent and daughter arteries. The flow is subjected to a uniform magnetic field, viscous dissipation, and a heat source. Methods: The governing equations undergo the non-dimensional transformation and coordinate conversion to regularize irregular boundaries, then solve the resulting system using the Crank-Nicolson method. Results: In both sections of the bifurcated artery (parent and daughter artery), the wall shear stress (WSS) profile decreases with increasing stenotic depth. Nusselt profile increases with an increase in the heat source parameter. Conclusions: The present endeavour can be beneficial for designing better biomedical devices and gaining insight into the hemodynamic flow for therapeutic applications in the biomedical sciences.
An Integrated Machine Learning Framework Identifies Prognostic Gene Pair Biomarkers Associated with Programmed Cell Death Modalities in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Bohong , Zhou Mingguo , Guo Li , Huang Haoxiang , Sun Xinyue , Peng Zihe , Wu Dapeng , Chen Wei
Published: March 2024

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common and lethal urological malignancy for which there are no effective personalized therapeutic strategies. Programmed cell death (PCD) patterns have emerged as critical determinants of clinical prognosis and immunotherapy responses. However, the actual clinical relevance of PCD processes in ccRCC is still poorly understood. Methods: We screened for PCD-related gene pairs through single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), consensus cluster analysis, and univariate Cox regression analysis. A novel machine learning framework incorporating 12 algorithms and 113 unique combinations were used to develop the cell death-related gene pair score (CDRGPS). Additionally, a radiomic score (Rad_Score) derived from computed tomography (CT) image features was used to classify the CDRGPS status as high or low. Finally, we conclusively verified the function of PRSS23 in ccRCC. Results: The CDRGPS was developed through an integrated machine learning approach that leveraged 113 algorithm combinations. CDRGPS represents an independent prognostic biomarker for overall survival and demonstrated consistent performance between training and external validation cohorts. Moreover, CDRGPS showed better prognostic accuracy compared to seven previously published cell death-related signatures. In addition, patients classified as high-risk by CDRGPS exhibited increased responsiveness to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, and immunotherapy. The Rad_Score demonstrated excellent discrimination for predicting high versus low CDRGPS status, with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.813 in the Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) database. PRSS23 was identified as a significant factor in the metastasis and immune response of ccRCC, thereby validating experimental in vitro results. Conclusions: CDRGPS is a robust and non-invasive tool that has the potential to improve clinical outcomes and enable personalized medicine in ccRCC patients.
Identification of Down-Expressed CRNN Associated with Cancer Progression and Poor Prognosis in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hong Feilong , Wan Xuemei , Bai Yundan
Published: March 2024

Background: The prevalence of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is increasing, and it poses a significant threat to human health; therefore, identifying specific targets for LSCC remains crucial. Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was used to compare the different expression genes expressed in LSCC. Immunohistochemical assay and western blotting were used to analysis protein expression. Cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide)((4,5 Dimethyl thiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide)4,5 Dimethyl thiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) and 5-ethynyl 2′-deoxyuridine (Edu) assay. Flow cytometry was used to measure the cell cycle. Cell migration was measured by wound healing assay and transwell assay. Results: Our analysis revealed 36 upregulated and 65 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) when comparing LSCC tumors to adjacent tissues, with cornulin (CRNN) identified as a key hub gene connecting these DEGs. We observed a consistent downregulation of CRNN expression in LSCC cell lines and tissues and was associated with poor patient survival and the tumor microenvironment. CRNN overexpression was found to significantly inhibit cell growth, cell cycle progression, migration and invasion, while CRNN knockdown had the opposite effects. Additionally, in vivo experiments demonstrated that CRNN overexpression suppressed tumor growth in nude mice. Conclusions: CRNN functions as a potential tumor suppressor and regulates important aspects of LSCC, providing valuable insights into the role of CRNN in LSCC pathogenesis and potential for targeted therapeutic interventions.
Epigenetic Modifications in Genome Help Remembering the Stress Tolerance Strategy Adopted by the Plant
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Mohapatra Trilochan
Published: March 2024

Genetic information in eukaryotic organisms is stored, replicated, transcribed, and inherited through the nucleus of a cell. Epigenetic modifications in the genetic material, including DNA methylation, histone modification, changes in non-coding RNA (ncRNA) biogenesis, and chromatin architecture play important roles in determining the genomic landscape and regulating gene expression. Genome architecture (structural features of chromatin, affected by epigenetic modifications) is a major driver of genomic functions/activities. Segregation of euchromatin (transcriptionally active) from heterochromatin (transcriptionally repressed chromosome) and positioning of genes in specific nuclear space in eukaryotic cells emphasise non-randomness in the organization of the genetic information. Not only does the base sequence of a gene carry the genetic information but the covalent modifications of bases, three-dimensional positioning of the genome, and chromatin loops are vital for switching on/off the gene and regulating its expression during growth/environmental stress. The epigenetic dynamics depend on the activities of writers and erasers under changing environmental conditions. The discovery of non-coding RNAs (one of the players in de novo methylation of DNA), increased DNA methylation protein (guide for the DNA demethylase), and methylation monitoring sequence (that helps keep a balance between DNA demethylation and methylation) have been some of the new developments in the era of epigenomics. To respond to environmental stimuli, plants depend on modulating gene expression through different mechanisms including biochemical, molecular, genetic, and epigenetic alterations. Studies on plants might provide better insights into epigenetic stress memory and molecular bases of adaptability to enable (epi)genome editing of crops for climate resilience and sustainable agriculture in the present era of multifaceted climate change.
Optogenetic Inhibition of the Cortical Efferents to the Locus Ceruleus Region of Pontine Tegmentum Causes Cognitive Deficits
Authors: Dimitrov Eugene
Published: March 2024

Background: The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is synaptically coupled to locus ceruleus (LC) located in the pontine tegmentum. The LC supplies norepinephrine (NE) to most of the central nervous system (CNS) via an elaborate efferent network. NE release in the cortex and various limbic structures regulates arousal, memory processes, adaptive behavior and cognitive control. Methods: The study investigated the role of the mPFC-LC circuit in the cognitive behavior of mice. The mPFC efferents were inhibited optogenetically at the level of dorso-rostral pons by virally delivered ArchT opsin. The mice were implanted bilaterally with optic fibers transmitting yellow light and tested for anxiety-like behavior on Elevated O-maze (EOM), for long-term memory with Novel Object Recognition test (NOR), for problem-solving ability with Puzzle test and for learning with Cued Fear Conditioning (FC). In addition, we used anterograde transsynaptic viral tracing to map a possible anatomical circuit allowing the mPFC to modulate the activity of LC neurons, which supply NE to the main limbic structures with a functional role in cognitive behavior. Results: The application of yellow light did not affect the anxiety-like behavior of the mice but impaired their ability to recognize a novel object and solve a problem. Optogenetic inhibition of mPFC to LC, in either acquisition or recall phase of FC similarly decreased freezing. The viral tracing identified the following tripartite circuits: mPFC-LC-dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (DG), mPFC-LC-amygdala (Amy), and mPFC-LC-mPFC. Conclusions: Our results reveal essential long-range regulatory circuits from the mPFC to LC and from LC to the limbic system that serves to optimize cognitive performance.
Mechanism of Dendrobium Nobile Polysaccharide Inhibition of Ferroptosis in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Huang Jian , Luo Jianghong , Huang Ying , Wang Linghong , Zhu Haibing , Li Zhengnan , Chen Jianping
Published: March 2024

Background: It has been reported that ferroptosis participates in the pathophysiological mechanism of spinal cord injury (SCI). Our preliminary experiments verified that dendrobium nobile polysaccharide (DNP) improved the behavioral function of SCI rats. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the role of DNP on ferroptosis and its neuroprotective mechanism in SCI rats. Methods: Adult female sprague dawley (SD) rats were exposed to SCI by Allen’s method, followed by an intragastric injection of 100 mg/kg DNP per day for 2 weeks. Behavioral features were verified by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scale and footprint evaluation. Iron content and glutathione (GSH) were assessed spectrophotometrically. Mitochondrial morphology was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of ferroptosis-related genes, including System Xc- light chain (xCT), G-rich RNA sequence binding Factor 1 (GRSF1) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot. The spinal cavity was defined using hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining, and neuronal modifications were detected by immunofluorescence. Results: Compared with the SCI group, the BBB score of rats in the DNP group increased at 7 d, 14 d, 21 d, and 28 d. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant. At 12 h post-injury the iron content began to decrease. At 24 h post-injury the iron content decreased significantly in the DNP group. The morphological changes of the mitochondrial crest and membrane in the DNP group were ameliorated within 24 h. Compared with the sham group, the expression of xCT, GSH, Gpx4, and GRSF1 were significantly reduced after SCI. After DNP treatment, the expression of xCT, Gpx4, and GSH were higher. The tissue cavity area was significantly reduced and the amount of NeuN+ cells was increased in the DNP group at 14 d and 28 d after SCI. Conclusions: DNP facilitated the post-injury recovery in SCI rats via the inhibition of ferroptosis.
EFEKTIFITAS DANA BAGI HASIL CUKAI HASIL TEMBAKAU (DBH CHT) DALAM MENGATASI DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Ade Pratiwi Ifana , Alvina Nuril Hidayah Siti , Nadiyah Nafis Violinita Laili
Published: March 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keefektifan Dana Bagi Hasil Cukai Hasil Tembakau (DBH CHT) dalam mengatasi dampak pandemi Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah intervensi pemerintah terlihat pada alokasi porsi kesejahteraan masyarakat yang lebih besar dibanding bidang yang lainnya. Peran DBH CHT pada bidang kesejahteraan masyarakat memiliki andil yang besar dalam membantu perekonomian para buruh tani temabakau dan para uruh pabrik rokok. Peran DBH CHT pada bidang kesehatan memiliki andil dalam pembelian alat-alat ksehatan dalam rangka penanganan Covid-19. DBH CHT belum bisa dikatakan efektif pada bidang kesejahteraan masyarakat. Karena kurang adanya informasi dalam penyaluran, siapa saja yang menerima bantuan, berapa besar uang yang dberikan per KK dan lainnya. DBH CHT di bidang kesehatan masih kurang efektif, ketika terjadi lonjakan kasus covid yang seharusnya fasilitas kesehatan sudah siap, akan tetapi banyak RS penuh, banyak pasien yang tidak mendapat penanganan, dan akhirnya kasus meninggal meningkat.
ANALISIS DINAMIS DAMPAK DESENTRALISASI FISKAL TERHADAP EFISIENSI BELANJA KESEHATAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN: STUDI KASUS KABUPATEN/KOTA DI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Azwar Azwar
Published: March 2024

This study aims to analyze: (i) the level of spending efficiency of health function; (ii) the impact of fiscal decentralization on the the level of spending efficiency of health function in the region; and (iii) the impact of the level of spending efficiency of health function on the level of welfare in the region. The research used quantitative approach with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Dinamic Generalized Method of Moment (DGMM) analysis techniques. The results showed that the realization and utilization of health function expenditures in the aggregate in South Sulawesi Province is quite good, although the expenditure is still more allocated to government bureaucracy spending. However, the results of efficiency testing with DEA method showed that in most regencies/cities in South Sulawesi Province, the realization and utilization of spending is relatively less efficient. From the results of dynamic panel data testing (DGMM), it was found that fiscal centralization in the form of policies on Regional Native Income has a negative and significant impact on the efficiency level of health function expenditures, while fiscal decentralization policies in the form of Balance Funds, also has a negative but insignificant effect. The increase in the efficiency of health spending will be significantly followed by an increase in the welfare of the community. Meanwhile, fiscal decentralization policy in the form of Regional Native Income and Balance Fund, also positively affects welfare, but is limited (insignificant). To improve the efficiency and quality of public service delivery, the district / city government in South Sulawesi Province must meet the mandatory spending of the health budget in each drafting of the Budget.
PELAKSANAAN RESTRUKTURISASI DAN PENDEBITAN REKENING PENGELUARAN KAS NEGARA PADA KANTOR PELAYANAN PERBENDAHARAAN NEGARA KEDIRI
Authors: Muwaffaq Faris Azhar , Akhmadi Muhammad Heru
Published: March 2024

Pengelolaan kas negara yang efektif dan efisien merupakan hal yang penting pada era perkembangan teknologi informasi saat ini. Digitalisasi pada rekening atas pengeluaran kas negara melalui kebijakan restrukturisasi rekening pengeluaran menerapkan rekening virtual pada tingkat satuan kerja. Pendebitan rekening virtual pada tingkat satuan dapat dilakukan melalui CMS (Cash Management System), kartu debit, serta penarikan tunai pada teller bank. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan tinjauan atas mekanisme pendebitan rekening virtual Kantor Pelayanan Perbendaharaan Negara Kediri dan kendala yang dihadapi dari penerapannya. Metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan ialah menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif deskrpitif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CMS merupakan metode pendebitan yang paling sering digunakan karena paling efektif dan efisien tetapi penggunaannya hanya terbatas pada transaksi nontunai saja. Selanjutnya, metode kartu debit memiliki fleksibilitas transaksi tunai dan nontunai namun paling jarang digunakan akibat tingginya risiko  kerugian biaya tambahan yang harus ditanggung oleh bendahara pengeluaran.  Metode penarikan tunai melalui teller bank digunakan untuk melakukan pembayaran transaksi tunai dalam rangka menutupi kekurangan metode CMS. Bendahara pengeluaran memiliki fleksibilitas untuk melakukan pendebitan rekening melalui mekanisme yang dirasa paling efektif dan efisien sesuai dengan karakteristik penyedia.
Analisis Pengaruh Pengembangan Kawasan Transit Oriented Development terhadap Nilai Tanah
Authors: Benito Obed Juan , Riandoko Riko
Published: March 2024

Aksesibilitas adalah salah satu karakteristik penting yang dapat memengaruhi nilai tanah. Semakin baik aksesibilitas suatu bidang tanah, semakin tinggi pula nilainya. Salah satu faktor yang mendukung tingkat aksesibilitas suatu tanah adalah jarak tanah terhadap sarana transportasi publik. Penelitian ini membahas dan menguji dampak keberadaan salah satu sarana transportasi publik di Jakarta terhadap nilai tanah di sekitarnya. Studi kasus dilakukan pada kawasan Transit Oriented Development Fatmawati, Jakarta Selatan. Kawasan ini berpusat pada stasiun MRT Fatmawati. Data-data di dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan dan metode studi lapangan. Analisis data dilakukan melalui pembentukan model dengan metode Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) dan Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) untuk prediksi data. Hasil prediksi setiap model diolah dengan metode interpolasi dan teknik Kriging untuk memperoleh gambaran geografis dari sebaran nilai tanah pada area penelitian. Penelitian ini memperoleh kesimpulan bahwa kawasan Transit Oriented Development Fatmawati memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap nilai tanah di sekitarnya.
INDONESIAN TAX REFORMS POLICY ALTERNATIVES FOR HANDLING SHADOW ECONOMY
Authors: Al-Firdaus Farid
Published: March 2024

Indonesian Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) has been running the tax reform covering human resource development, Information and Technology (IT), process business renewal, and policy reforms since 2016 to solve tax avoidance as a shadow economy activity. To make the process efficient, DGT needs to do prioritizing. The author analyzed the best tax reforms policy by assessing the symptoms covering the system burden from 2002 to 2017, including 15x taxpayers, 2x employees, and 3.5x offices. Then, the author argued to frame the DGTâ€™s case as mainly about government failures related to representative government and bureaucratic supply, also determining the goals, including improving taxpayersâ€™ trust and compliance, tax administration, and tax officersâ€™ integrity. There are criteria for assessing the achievement of the plans: service, easiness, modernness, and professionality. The policy alternatives are mutually exclusive, covering tax officersâ€™ training, tax-administration IT system updates, Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) improvement, and regulations creation. The author found that the tax-administration IT system updates got the most significant points through a multi-goal analysis framework. However, the author suggests considering another policy, SOP improvement, which can be an alternative for solving the limited resources but not removing the better quality of taxpayersâ€™ services.
IMPLEMENTASI PERENCANAAN LABA PADA UMKM (STUDI KASUS UMKM TAKE ONE THAI TEA)
Authors: Aprilia Rachma , Sofyan Mifta
Published: March 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan tinjauan atas implementasi perencanaan laba dengan menggunakan analisis Cost Volume Profit (CVP) pada UMKM. Perencanaan laba berpengaruh positif terhadap pencapaian laba operasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan objek UMKM Take One Thai Tea. UMKM Take One Thai Tea melakukan pembukuan sederhana dengan basis kas dan belum pernah menyusun laporan keuangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan analisis CVP, UMKM dapat menentukan target penjualan dalam rupiah maupun unit sehingga dapat dijadikan indikator kinerja bagi pegawainya dan juga sebagai dasar pemberian bonus yang dapat memotivasi pegawai. Selain itu, UMKM dapat memahami informasi biaya yang dikeluarkan dengan lebih detil sehingga memudahkan dalam pengendalian biaya.
ScholarOne - The Anger Parameters Scale: Theoretical constructs, factorial validity, and composite reliability
Authors: Fernandez Ephrem , Woldgabreal Yilma
Published: March 2024

The Anger Parameters Scale (APS) is a 30-item self-report questionnaire
designed to assess anger much like a signal with spatio-temporal
properties. These properties correspond to five APS subscales:
frequency, duration, intensity, latency, and threshold. In this
psychometric study, 311 young adult students completed the APS.
Confirmatory factor analysis supported the theoretically-postulated
five-factor structure and a second-order factor underpinning the five
dimensions. Composite reliability estimates exceeded the conventional
.70 cutoff for reliability, thus providing evidence of internal
consistency in the factor structure of the APS. In deconstructing anger,
the instrument allows signal properties of an individual’s anger to be
measured separately and also plotted as a profile for configural
analysis. This allows particular aspects of anger dysfunction to be
identified. in emerging adults. The specificity thus obtained can help
corroborate clinical diagnoses (e.g., Intermittent Explosive Disorder)
that are distinctive in terms of intensity, duration, frequency, and
other parameters.
ScholarOne - Interactive contextualized and personalized math word problem generation in authentic contexts using GPT and its influences on geometry learning
Authors: Utami Ika , Hwang Wu-Yuin , Hariyanti Uun
Published: March 2024

Automatic question generation (AQG) has been researched extensively for
educational purposes. This study proposed an automatic system for
generating contextualized and personalized mathematic word problems
(MWP) in authentic contexts using the Generative Pre-trained
Transformers (GPT). It comprises (1) authentic contextual information
acquisition through image recognition by TensorFlow and augmented
reality (AR) measurement by AR Core, (2) a personalized mechanism based
on instructional prompts to generate three difficulty levels for
learner’s different needs, and (3) MWP generation through GPT. A
quasi-experiment was conducted using 52 fifth-grade students to evaluate
the effectiveness of the proposed AQG on their geometry learning
performances. The learning behaviors were analyzed concerning authentic
context, mathematics, and reflective behavior aspects. The results
revealed that students who learned with the proposed AQG outperformed
students who learned with a decontextualized way on geometry learning
performances. Moreover, it was found that learning behavior related to
authentic context (i.e., problem context understanding and identifying
contextual information) and mathematics (i.e., applying math concepts
and the total number of the correct solution for medium-level MWP)
significantly improved geometry learning performances. Meanwhile,
learners showed positive perceptions toward the proposed AQG. Therefore,
our proposed AQG is useful to promote geometry problem-solving activity
in an authentic context.
Innovative Applications of Large Language Models for Medical Record Access Audits
Authors: 陳文意  , 黃兆明
Published: March 2024

This study explores the application of Mistral 8x7b, a state-of-the-art Large Language Model (LLM) with a mixture of experts architecture, in auditing access to medical records. By conducting a comprehensive evaluation, including both quantitative and qualitative analyses, we demonstrate that Mistral 8x7b significantly outperforms traditional audit methods in detecting unauthorized access, showcasing superior accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score metrics. Additionally, our findings reveal notable improvements in computational efficiency, indicating the model's potential to enhance the privacy and security of healthcare data systems significantly. The research addresses the broader implications for healthcare privacy, AI ethics, and the responsible integration of AI technologies in sensitive domains. Despite acknowledging certain limitations and the necessity for further validation in real-world settings, this study underscores the transformative potential of advanced AI models like Mistral 8x7b in improving data security protocols and contributing to the safeguarding of patient information in an increasingly digital healthcare landscape.
The past, present, and future of internal communication in public relations: A computational review of the emerging literature
Authors: Yue Cen April , Zhou Alvin , Page Tyler G. , Morehouse Jordan , Capizzo Luke W. , Toth Elizabeth L.
Published: March 2024

Utilizing a full-text 15,926,460-word database of all peer-reviewed articles published in six public relations journals between 2012 and 2022 (N=2,675), we employ a variety of computational methods to investigate the past, present, and future of internal communication in public relations. We first situate internal communication studies in the wider public relations literature, document its growth, identify a set of “internal-communication papers” (N=407), and conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. Next, we investigate the theoretical, empirical, and epistemological origins of internal communication by analyzing all identified internal communication papers’ reference lists and providing core readings for the research community. Finally, we compare internal communication papers with non-internal-communication counterparts, quantify literature gaps, and illuminate promising research directions to guide the future of internal communication studies.
Relativistic Doppler Effect explaining photon pair entanglement and QKD failure
Authors: Geurdes Han
Published: March 2024

Recently it was demonstrated that the famous experiment of Aspect et al employed a flawed statistical methodology. This result refuted the demonstration of nonlocality as the sole explanation of entanglement. Therefore, there is still room for an Einsteinian local extra parameter explanation of entanglement of photons. In this paper we ask the question what kind of extra local hidden parameter explanation of entanglement would fit Einstein’s ideas. We study a primitive clock with 12 o’clock ∝ ”spin up” and 6 o’clock ∝ ”spin down” as a local extra parameter. The Relativisitc Doppler Effect (RDE) is subsequently supposed to represent the entanglement of two photons ”carrying” the clocks. This relativistic representation of entanglement can be applied to the study of quantum key distribution (QKD). When there is no nonlocal connectivity between the measurements at respectively Alice’s and at Bob’s spin measurement instrument, a desynchronisation of a clock in one arm will not be noted in the other arm of the experiment.
Navigating uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of future tropical cyclone risk estimates
Authors: Meiler Simona , Kropf Chahan , McCaughey Jamie , Lee Chia-Ying , Camargo Suzana , Sobel Adam , Bloemendaal Nadia , Emanuel Kerry , Bresch David
Published: March 2024

Future tropical cyclone risks will evolve depending on climate change and socio-economic development, entailing significant uncertainties. An uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of future tropical cyclone risks is thus vital for robust decision-making and model improvement. However, the outcomes of such uncertainty and sensitivity analyses are tied to the chosen model setup, warranting caution in interpretation and extrapolation. Our study investigates how four distinct tropical cyclone hazard models and alternate representations of socio-economic development influence future tropical cyclone risk. We find that average tropical cyclone risk will increase 1-5 % by 2050 across all models and global study regions. The estimated maximum risk increases by 2100, in contrast, ranging from 10-400 % depending on the hazard model choice. The dominant source of uncertainty in these risk estimates changes with the specific risk model setup. Finally, we differentiate between aleatory, epistemic, and normative uncertainties, offering guidance to reduce these uncertainties and provide better-informed decision-making.
Preventing Sexual Violence —A Behavioral Problem Without a Behaviorally-Informed Solution
Authors: Porat Roni , Gantman Ana P. , Green Seth Ariel , Pezzuto John-Henry , Paluck Elizabeth Levy
Published: March 2024

What solutions can we find in the research literature for preventing sexual violence, and what psychological theories have guided these efforts? We gather all primary prevention efforts to reduce sexual violence from 1985-2018 and provide a birds-eye view of the literature. We first review predominant theoretical approaches to sexual violence perpetration prevention by highlighting three interventions that exemplify the zeitgeist of primary prevention efforts at various points during this time period. We find a throughline in primary prevention interventions: They aim to change attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge (i.e. ideas) in order to reduce sexual violence perpetration and victimization. Our meta-analysis of these studies tests the efficacy of this approach directly, and finds that while many interventions are successful at changing ideas, behavior change does not follow. There is little to no relationship between changing attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge and reducing victimization or perpetration. We also observe trends over time, including a shift from targeting a reduction in perpetration to targeting an increase in bystander intervention. We conclude by highlighting promising new strategies for measuring victimization and perpetration and calling for interventions that are informed by theories of behavior change and that center sexually violent behavior as the key outcome of interest.
"Free of politics and human error”: The imaginative values of cryptocurrency in algorithmically curated YouTube content
Authors: De Keere Kobe , Trans Martin Broholt , Milan Stefania
Published: March 2024

In less than two decades, cryptocurrency has transformed from being an object of interest for an obscure online community to becoming a globally desired digital asset. By acknowledging the importance of fictional expectations in the creation of economic value, this study delves into the various imaginative values that are being attributed to cryptocurrency. Through quantitative-qualitative coding of YouTube video transcripts (N: 1929), combined with Exploratory Factor Analysis, this article maps out which imaginaries on crypto are being disseminated by the YouTube algorithm. The latter is conceived not as a passive source of information but as a performative market device, steering consumer behavior. This study identifies four distinct imaginaries to which cryptocurrency consumers are exposed: investment, utility, digital metallism, and infrastructural mutualism imaginary. These shed light on the potential value consumers attribute to cryptocurrencies while opening new research avenues towards a better understanding of the different positions within the market.
Past, present and future of agricultural science in the Omsk Near-Irtysh region
Authors:   Omsk Agrarian Research Center, Chekusov M.S. , Boyko V.S. ,   Omsk Agrarian Research Center
Published: March 2024

The article examines the historical path of Siberian agricultural science in the Omsk region. The bicentennial anniversary of the Omsk region historically coincides with the development of agricultural science in the region. The article describes briefly the stages of agricultural science in the region, starting with the establishment of an experimental farm in the 19th century and then continuing in 1933 with the Siberian Research Institute of Grain Farming, followed in 1956 by the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and in 2018 by the integration project establishing the Omsk Agrarian Research Center, uniting agricultural research organizations of the region.
Career Goal Setting Knowledge and Practices among Mid-West University Students
Authors: Shahi Sushil Kumar
Published: March 2024

This study examines Mid-West University student's career goal setting knowledge and practices among Mid-West University students. Main objective of the research is to assess and describe MU student's knowledge and real life practices in the course of their career goal setting efforts and getting desired success. Thematic analysis associated with qualitative approach was used to analyze qualitative data derived from students studying at Mid-West University School of Management (MUSOM), Central Campus of Education and Central Campus of Humanities and Social Sciences. To explore and describe the ways students perceive career goal setting process, experience faculty member's teaching, view linkage between courses and career, importance of hearing parents, conducting internship, ideological influence, pressure, and network in terms of shaping career path. 220 graduates were asked questions related to career goal setting and practices via email and group interview. Six themes were generated from the data collected through the purposive sampling. 20 students were provided the list of questions for collection of more comprehensive information and 200 students were provided just list of activities they could use when developing career goal. The interpreted data offers the conclusion that graduates lacked analytical skill to contextualize their understanding. But they clearly understood different activities such as seminar, presentation, workshop, research, networking, planning and developing communication and leadership skills, and continued reading for making them aware of developing relevant career goal and achieving practical outcomes.
Estimation and Projection of Fertility in Nepal
Authors: Devkota Bijaya Mani
Published: March 2024

The text discusses the importance of indirect estimation techniques in understanding population dynamics, particularly in countries with limited or flawed data like Nepal. Indirect methods offer valuable insights into fertility and mortality rates when direct measures are unavailable or unreliable. Techniques like Brass P/F ratio and the logistic curve function are explored for estimating fertility trends and projecting Total Fertility Rates (TFR). These methods involve meticulous analysis and adjustment for data inconsistencies. Indirect estimation plays a crucial role in bridging data gaps and informing demographic analysis and planning, especially in regions undergoing demographic transition. Through these techniques, researchers gain valuable insights into fertility dynamics, contributing to a better understanding of population trends. The text explores fertility estimation in Nepal using Arriaga's method, analyzing data from the 2011 and 2021 censuses. It reveals disparities in lifetime fertility indices, particularly after age 20, with higher rates among women aged 20-24 and 25-34, tapering towards the end of the reproductive span. Arriaga's adjustments address issues like misreporting of children's ages, aiming to rectify discrepancies and estimate the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) for both years. Additionally, the study discusses fertility projections for 2026 and 2031, highlighting the importance of trend extrapolation models and the logistic curve for accurate estimation. The findings underscore the significance of meticulous adjustments and reliable methodologies in understanding fertility dynamics in Nepal.
Heritage Tourism and its Impact on Livelihood: A Study on Heritage Site
Authors: Duwadi Pampha
Published: March 2024

This study aims to investigate the complex relationship between heritage tourism and its impacts on social, cultural, and economic aspects of people's livelihood in the study area. This research is conducted in Changunarayan 4, Bhaktapur. The nature of the study is qualitative. Using Purposive Sampling method, research process is carried out in total 40 households involving in tourism business. This study unveiled positive impacts, including cultural revitalization and preservation, social identity development, and unity. However, it also identified negative effects such as cultural standardization, commercialization, and challenges like cultural clash and littering.
Overview of the CODEX-b experiment
Authors: Wilkinson Michael
Published: March 2024

We present the motivation and use-case for the proposed CODEX-b detector, as well as its description. We also describe the design and status of a smaller demonstrator detector, CODEX-beta, as of the time of the conference associated with these proceedings.
Dark sector of a Higgs portal with Q4 symmetric matter
Authors: Cárcamo Hernández Antonio Enrique , Espinoza Hernández María Catalina , Gómez-Izquierdo Juan Carlos , Mondragón Myriam
Published: March 2024

We describe the phenomenology of the scalar and dark matter sectors of a BSM theory with Q4 symmetry among the SM fermions. The model features a Higgs portal to a dark sector comprised of heavy right handed neutrinos. We discuss relic abundance as well as direct detection constraints on the DM candidate.
An Investigation on Structure Stability of Advanced Austenitic Heat-Resisting Steels and Ni-Base Superalloys for 600–700 °C A-USC Power Plant Application
Authors: Xie Xishan , Chi Chengyu , Yu Qiuying , Yao Zhihao , Zhang Maichang , Hu Yaohe , Dong Jianxin , Yu Hongyao , Zhao Shuangqun , Lin Fusheng , Liu Xia , Mei Linbo , Yang Huachun , Li Mingyang
Published: March 2024

This overview paper contains a part of structure stability study on advanced austenitic heat-resisting steels (TP347H, Super304H and HR3C) and Ni-base superalloys (Nimonic80A, Waspaloy and Inconel740/740H) for 600-700°C A-USC fossil power plant application from a long-term joint project among companies, research institutes and university in China. The long time structure stability of these advanced austenitic steel TP347H, Super304H, HR3C in the temperature range of 650-700 °C and Ni-base superalloys Nimonic80A, Waspaloy and Inconel740/740H in the temperature range of 600-800°C till 10,000h have been detailed studied in this paper.
Creep-Rupture Behavior of Precipitation-Strengthened Ni-Based Alloys Under Advanced Ultrasupercritical Steam Conditions
Authors: Tortorelli P.F. , Unocic K.A. , Wang H. , Santella M.L. , Shingledecker J.P
Published: March 2024

To achieve the necessary creep-rupture lifetimes at the temperatures and pressures associated with advanced ultrasupercritical (A-USC) steam conditions (100,000 h at 100 MPa and 760°C), precipitation-strengthened nickel-based alloys are required for the superheater and reheater tubing in A-USC boilers. Two alloys were considered to have potential for this application: Inconel 740 and Haynes 282 alloy. In support of this application, creep-rupture testing of several heats of Inconel 740 was conducted over a range of temperatures and stresses to develop confidence in qualitatively predicting creep lifetimes under conditions relevant to A-USC steam conditions, with the longest rupture times exceeding 30,000 h. For comparison, the creep-rupture behavior of Haynes 282 alloy was mapped as a function of temperature and stress, but with a significantly smaller dataset. Only a small difference in creep-rupture results between Inconel 740 and Inconel 740H was found although the latter alloy showed significantly greater resistance to η phase formation during testing. Little effect of prior aging treatments (for setting the γ′ precipitate structure) on creep-rupture behavior was observed. Results from a modified power law analysis showed that, while both Inconel 740 and Haynes 282 are projected to meet the A-USC lifetime requirements, the latter offered the potential for better long-term creep resistance.
Cyclic Properties of 50Ni-24Cr-20Co-0.6Mo-1Al-1.6Ti-2Nb Alloy at Advanced USC Steam Temperature
Authors: Gururaja U V , Patra A , Mukhopadhyay P , Narayana Rao M
Published: March 2024

Significant development is being carried out worldwide for establishing advanced ultra supercritical power plant technology which aims enhancement of plant efficiency and reduction of emissions, through increased inlet steam temperature of 750°C and pressure of 350 bar. Nickel base superalloy, 50Ni-24Cr-20Co-0.6Mo-1Al-1.6Ti-2Nb alloy, is being considered as a promising material for superheater tubes and turbine rotors operating at ultra supercritical steam conditions. Thermal fluctuations impose low cycle fatigue loading in creep regime of this material and there is limited published fatigue and creep-fatigue characteristics data available. The scope of the present study includes behavior of the alloy under cyclic loading at operating temperature. Strain controlled low cycle fatigue tests, carried out within the strain range of 0.2%-1%, indicate substantial hardening at all temperatures. It becomes more evident with increasing strain amplitude which is attributed to the cumulative effects of increased dislocation density and immobilization of dislocation by γ′ precipitates. Deformation mechanism which influences fatigue life at 750°C as a function of strain rate is identified. Hold times up to 500 seconds are introduced at 750°C to evaluate the effect of creep fatigue interaction on fatigue crack growth, considered as one of the primary damage mode. The macroscopic performance is correlated with microscopic deformation characteristics.
Manufacturing of Trial Rotor Forging of 9%Cr Steel Containing Co and B (X13CrMoCoVNbNB9-2-1) for Ultrasupercritical Steam Turbines
Authors: Nakano M. , Kawano K. , Mikami M.
Published: March 2024

A 9% Cr steel containing cobalt and boron, X13CrMoCoVNbNB9-2-1, has been manufactured by electroslag remelting (ESR) to evaluate its performance and to compare its creep strength and microstructure to a forging made from electroslag hot-topping ingot. The evaluation results confirm that it is possible to produce rotor forgings with homogeneous composition and good properties by the ESR process. The results of creep rupture tests up to 5000 h indicate that the creep strength of the forging made from ESR ingot is similar to that of the forging produced by the electroslag hot-topping process. Martensitic lath microstructures with high density dislocations and the precipitations of M23C6, VX, NbX and M2X are observed after the quality heat treatments at the center portion of both forgings. There is no large difference in the martensitic lath widths, distributions, and sizes of those particles between both trial forgings.
Tribolayer Formation by Strain-Induced Transformations in Hardfacing Alloys
Authors: Smith Ryan , Siefert J. , Gandy D. , Babu S. S.
Published: March 2024

Hardfacing alloys are commonly used for wear- and galling-resistant surfaces for mechanical parts under high loads, such as valve seats. Cobalt-based Stellite, as well as, stainless-steel-based Norem02 and Tristelle 5183 alloys show similar microstructural features that correlate with good galling resistance. These microstructures contain hard carbides surrounded by a metastable austenite (fcc) phase that transform displacively to martensite (hcp or bcc or bct) under deformation. As a result, the transformed wear surface forms a hard layer that resists transition to a galling wear mechanism. However, at elevated temperature (350°C), the stainless steel hardfacing alloys do not show acceptable galling behavior, unlike Stellite. This effect is consistent with the loss of fcc to bcc/bct phase transformation and the increase in depth of the heavily deformed surface layer. Retention of high hardness and low depth of plastic strain in the surface tribolayer is critical for retaining galling resistance at high temperature.
Advances in Nickel Alloy Casting Production for +700 °C Applications
Authors: Birks S. , Roberts S. , Leese R.
Published: March 2024

The drive for reduced carbon dioxide emissions and improved efficiency in coal fire power plant has led to much work being carried out around the world with regards to material development to enable 700+°C steam temperature operation. At these elevated temperatures and pressures steels just don’t have enough strength, and typically have a temperature limit of around 620°C (possibly up to 650°C in the near future) in the HP environment. Therefore, material development has focused on nickel alloys. European programs such as AD700, COMTES, European 50+ and more recently, NextGen Power and Macplus, have investigated the use of nickel alloys in the steam turbine. Large castings have an important role within the steam turbine, because valves bodies and turbine casings are nearly always produced from a cast component. The geometry of these components is often complex, and therefore, the advantage of using castings for such items is that near net shapes can be produced with minimal machining. This is important, as nickel alloys are expensive, and machining is difficult, so castings offer an attractive cost benefit. Cast shapes can be more efficiently designed with regards to stress management. For example, contouring of fillet regions can help to reduce stress concentrations leads to reduced plant maintenance and casting complex shapes reduces the number of onsite fabrication welds to inspect during outage regimes.
Fracture of Gr. 91 Steel Longitudinal Welded Pipe under Internal Pressure Creep Condition
Authors: Yaguchi Masatsugu , Sakai Takayuki , Ogata Takashi , Matsumura Takuaki
Published: March 2024

An internal pressure creep test has been carried out on a Gr. 91 steel longitudinal welded pipe at 650°C to examine the type IV failure behavior of actual pipes, using a large-scale experiment facility “BIPress”, which can load internal pressure and bending force on large diameter pipes at high temperatures. The creep test was also interrupted three times to measure hardness and voids density in the HAZ region of the outer surface of the test pipe. Results of the measurement of the hardness and voids density at the interruption did not indicate creep damage accumulation. The welded pipe suddenly ruptured with large deformation, which caused crushing damage to the surrounding facility. Type IV cracking occurred in the longitudinal welded portion of the test pipe, and the length of the crack reached 5000mm. SEM observation was carried out at the cross section of the welded portion of the test pipe and voids density was measured along the thickness direction in the HAZ region. To clarify the stress/strain distribution in the welded portion, creep analysis was conducted on the test pipe, where the materials are assumed to consist of base metal, weld metal and HAZ. After stress redistribution due to creep deformation, stress and strain concentrations were observed inside the HAZ region. Then, the authors' creep life prediction model was applied to the creep test result to examine its validity to actual size pipes. It was demonstrated that the life prediction model can evaluate damage of the Gr. 91 steel longitudinal welded pipe with sound accuracy.
Creep Damage Evaluation of High Cr Ferritic Steel Based on Change in Hydrogen Desorption Characteristics
Authors: Komazaki Shin-ichi , Yamashita Hayato , Yonemura Mitsuharu , Igarashi Masaaki
Published: March 2024

The change in hydrogen desorption characteristic due to creep was investigated to examine the possibility of hydrogen as tracer for detecting and evaluating the creep damage accumulated in high Cr ferritic boiler steel, Gr.91. Hydrogen charging into the creep specimen was conducted by means of cathodic electrolysis. Next, the thermal desorption analyses (TDA) were carried out at temperature range from room temperature to 270°C for measuring the hydrogen evolution curve. The experimental results revealed that the amount of hydrogen desorbed during analysis, CH, increased with increasing creep life fraction, although the trend of increase in CH was strongly dependent on the stress level. Moreover, there was an almost linear correlation between the logarithm of CH measured on the creep ruptured specimen and the Larson-Miller parameter (LMP), which was approximated by “log CH = 0.39 LMP – 13.4”. This can be a criterion for creep rupture and means that as far as the CH does not reach the line, the rupture never occurs.