bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
lenguaje humano: ¿una estructura más un código o un sistema dinámico, multimodal y semióticamente heterogéneo?
Authors: Scotto Silvia Carolina
Published: December 2020

Los estudios comparados del lenguaje humano y los sistemas de comunicación animal, así como el campo de investigación sobre la evolución del lenguaje, estimularon una reflexión específica acerca de los rasgos distintivos del lenguaje humano. Me propongo examinar el modelo de los rasgos de diseño propuesto por Charles Hockett, cuya influencia en las dos áreas mencionadas ha sido notable. Mi objetivo es poner en evidencia cómo los presupuestos en los que se asienta: la preeminencia de la estructura sobre la función y de los rasgos del código sobre las habilidades cognitivas de sus usuarios, comunes a otros enfoques formales dominantes en la lingüística, lo convierten en una herramienta teóricamente ineficaz para ambas áreas de investigación. En particular, objetaré el papel que asigna a los dos primeros rasgos de diseño: el canal vocal-auditivo y la arbitrariedad. Finalmente, lo contrastaré con los enfoques basados en el uso, asentados en los presupuestos contrarios. Estos enfoques caracterizan al lenguaje como un “mosaico” de habilidades cognitivas, individuales y sociales, que se manifiestan en una variedad de vehículos y modalidades, por lo cual proporcionan herramientas teóricas más adecuadas para explicar la evolución del lenguaje así como sus diferencias y semejanzas con los sistemas de comunicación animal.
¿Por qué solo nosotros?
Authors: Mendívil Giró José Luis
Published: December 2020

En este trabajo se presenta una caracterización del lenguaje humano y de su evolución desde el punto de vista biolingüístico. Según este punto de vista, el lenguaje es una propiedad biológica de la especie humana (un instinto) y, por tanto, el resultado de la evolución natural. A pesar de ello, se defiende que hay una discontinuidad evolutiva entre el lenguaje humano y el de otras especies, aunque también se argumenta que la discontinuidad cognitiva no implica una discontinuidad biológica. La idea esencial es que el lenguaje humano es singular porque no es un sistema de comunicación (que habría evolucionado de otros sistemas de comunicación ancestrales), sino un sistema de pensamiento que, adicionalmente, se emplea para la interacción social (incluyendo la comunicación). Según este planteamiento, se puede concluir, especulativamente, que la evolución de los aspectos específicos del lenguaje humano fue relativamente repentina y reciente en la historia de nuestra especie.
Lenguaje y Resguardo Social
Authors: Fernández Castro Víctor
Published: December 2020

De acuerdo con algunas posiciones en ciencia cognitiva y filosofía, la capacidad humana de invocar estados mentales para predecir y explicar la conducta humana es un producto de la evolución cultural; es decir, su aparición no se debe a la selección de estructuras heredadas genéticamente sino frutos de la variación hereditaria mediante mecanismos de aprendizaje social.  El objetivo de este artículo es proponer un modelo de la teoría de la mente como mecanismo lingüístico de resguardo social y promoción de la reputación dentro del marco de la evolución cultural. Esta posición, que denominaré El Modelo de Resguardo Social, se presenta y defiende en contraposición a otras tres posiciones que se evaluarán críticamente. Finalmente, se defenderá el modelo de dos posibles objeciones
De los conceptos a las palabras
Authors: Vicente Agustín , Ormazabal Javier
Published: December 2020

En este artículo proponemos que existe un problema de traducción del sistema representacional conceptual al lingüístico que tradicionalmente no se ha tenido en cuenta. Tal problema ha pasado desapercibido posiblemente porque se ha echado mano de un sistema representacional intermedio adaptado a las necesidades expresivas del lenguaje. Sin embargo, explicamos que, lejos de resolver el problema, postular este sistema intermedio hace que el problema de traducción sea más difícil de resolver. En consecuencia, proponemos un modelo de producción lingüística que no recurre al nivel de representación conocido como “pensar para hablar” (Slobin, 1996).
El retorno desde el exilio republicano español. Una revisión bibliográfica (1977-2018)
Authors: Aguirre Herráinz Pablo
Published: December 2020

Resumen 

El presente artículo realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre la cuestión del retorno en el contexto de los estudios acerca del exilio republicano de la Guerra Civil española. Este repaso, ofrecido en clave cronológica, aborda también reflexiones metodológicas y observaciones archivísticas en torno a dicha investigación. Asimismo, se tratan cuestiones relativas a la especificidad propia de este campo de trabajo y sus principales subtemas. La conclusión que se extrae es que si bien el estudio del retorno ha conocido un tempo y una trayectoria coherente dentro del contexto general de los estudios sobre el exilio republicano, todavía subsisten vertientes del regreso poco estudiadas, lo que a la postre genera un campo de estudio desigualmente conocido.

Palabras clave 

Exilio republicano español, repaso bibliográfico, repatriación y retorno. 

Abstract

The present article provides a bibliographical review on the question of return among the general studies of the Spanish Civil War republican exile. This review, organized in a chronological format, tackles too methodological reflections and primary sources remarks. Likewise, issues relating to the distinctive nature of return from exile and its principal subthemes are also addressed. The general conclusion is that whereas the study of return processes is consistently integrated into the main pace and tempo of the studies on the Spanish Civil War republican exile, there are still several missing aspects, which ultimately generates an area of study unevenly known. 

Key Words 

Spanish republican exile, bibliographic summary, repatriation and return migration.
Autoridades indígenas en el discurso sahaguntino. Construcción y usos discursivos sobre el Otro
Authors: López Óscar
Published: December 2020

Este artículo reflexiona sobre la acción de fray Bernardino de Sahagún como parte de una larga trayectoria occidental cuyo propósito ha sido el de (d)escribir al Otro; un fenómeno que ha intentado contar con participación de las élites vencidas para mostrar finalmente la superioridad cristiana. Aquí defendemos la hipótesis de que en Sahagún el trabajo sobre la alteridad se basa justamente en ejercicio intelectual de incorporar el Otro al esquema occidental por medio de un juego de espejos. Los Coloquios y la Historia general de las cosas de las Nueva España han sido las dos fuentes principales en este estudio.

Palabras clave

 Otredad, Discurso colonial, Acción discursiva, Franciscanos
La temporalidad del canon y su construcción en la historia del arte a través del museo de copias en el siglo XIX
Authors: Gallipoli Milena
Published: December 2020

En el siglo XIX se asistió a una importante institucionalización de las artes gracias a la fundación de los museos de copias de obras maestras en yeso. Este trabajo examina de qué modo el museo de reproducciones artísticas ha visibilizado, construido y activado el relato canónico del arte. En este artículo defendemos la hipótesis de que fue este un lugar idóneo para el nacimiento de una historia que se basó en la combinación de la idea de historia magistra vitae y del moderno concepto de progreso. A través de la historia de los conceptos de canon y clásico se examina la aplicación de tales categorías a la esfera de la formación artística.

Palabras claves

Historia del arte, museo, calcos escultóricos, canon, clásico, pasado histórico-artístico.
Silence, Sound, and Affect
Authors: Ferens Dominika
Published: December 2020

The present paper offers a subjective overview of approaches to affect. Research on affect accelerated in the last two decades within several disciplines, in response to different concerns and research questions, energized by new research in psychology and, more recently, neuroscience. But while affect studies scholars agree that emotions, amplified by the media, course through all social relations and electrify our entire bodies, scholars attracted to specific clusters of theories have little to say to each other. To remedy this situation, I attempt to bridge several seemingly incompatible strands of research on affects in psychology, cultural studies, and media studies, in order to bring out commonalities and patterns that may prove useful for reading literature and other cultural artifacts. Defining affects, I refer to the practice of tuning musical instruments to a specific pitch as an analogy for the way affects resonate from the macro to the micro levels of social life.
The Rhetoric of Silence in Contemporary Autopathography: Susan Gubar and Eve Ensler on Gynecological Cancer
Authors: Fernández-Morales Marta
Published: December 2020

Despite Mary Deshazer’s affirmation that “living with cancer has become the topic of our times” (2005, 1), some cancers are still covered by a blanket of secrecy. This paper discusses Susan Gubar’s and Eve Ensler’s autopathographies about gynecological cancer in relation to silence. It explores their discussion of the possibility of finding words for their illness and their reflection about the unspeakability of the sick female body, concluding that they construct silence as undesirable and ineffective.
It is More than a Bunch of Numbers: Trauma, Voicing and Identity in Jennifer Chow’s The 228 Legacy
Authors: Ni Pi-hua
Published: December 2020

This paper explores how Jennifer Chow’s The 228 Legacy (2013) recaptures the buried hi/stories of the 228 Massacre with a trauma narrative about Silk’s deep-kept secrets. It first delineates the evolution of trauma theory and trauma fiction highlighting the significance of articulating trauma and its relevance in healing, hi/storytelling and identity construction. This demarcation shall frame a critical lens to illustrate how Chow innovates distinct insulated narratives on the protagonists to mimic intergenerational ramifications of trauma in the Lu family, to represent their psychological healing and to express the association between silence-breaking, remembering and identity construction. This critical endeavor will also demonstrate that Silk’ story of survival promises the survival of hi/story. Thus, the novel proper not only portrays the traumatic impact, a nightmarish “legacy,” of 228 but also renders Silk’s trauma narrative as the “legacy” to connect with Taiwanese heritage and construct Taiwanese American identities. Given Chow’s innovative form and unique themes about trauma and Taiwanese American diaspora, the article situates her novel in the emerging Taiwanese American literature, Asian American literature, contemporary American diasporic literature and trauma fiction.
COFFEE AND COTTON BULK PURCHASE IN TANZANIA, 1939 – 1954
Authors: Seimu Somo M.L.
Published: December 2020

This paper examines bulk purchase of coffee and cotton during the war and post- Second World War period under the long-term contract arrangements as provided under the Defence Ordinance and Orders of 1939, 1940 and 1943 as well as review of various Colonial policies, annual reports, meeting minutes, memoranda and circulars on coffee and production and marketing. Evidence for this topic have been extracted from Tanzania National Archive (TNA) primary sources. It analyses the consequences in employment of administrative machinery, such as the marketing boards, traders and co-operatives in execution the contracts agents on behalf of the British Ministry of Food and Supplies to growers.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND PERFORMANCE OF PV SYSTEM AND PEDAL POWER WITH GRID
Authors: Verma Priyanka Suman , Sharma A.K.
Published: December 2020

A solar cell is essential a PN junction with a large surface area. The N-type material is kept thin to allow light to pass through to the PN junction.Light travels in packets of energy called photons. The generation of electric current happens inside the depletion zone of the PN junction. The depletion region as explained previously with the diode is the area around the PN junction where the electrons from the N-type silicon, have diffused into the holes of the P-type material. 3.2.3- Pedal power-

Some applications include pedal powered laptops, pedal powered grinders and pedal powered water wells. Some third world development projects currently transform used bicycles into pedal powered tools for sustainable development. The articles on this page are about the many wonderful applications for pedal power technology
ATTITUDE OF TEACHER EDUCATORS TOWARDS ICT
Authors: Ganesan P. , Krishnakumar R.
Published: December 2020

Realizing the attitude of teacher educators towards ICT is essential to incorporate its betterments in teacher preparation programmes. This study examined the difference between teacher educators’ attitude towards ICT and their level of attitude; whether it is favourable or unfavourable? The participants were the teacher educators of Colleges of Education in Coimbatore, South India. Cluster Sampling was adopted. Results indicated significant difference in their attitude with respect to their locality of home. Majority of teacher educators have favourable attitude.
A STUDY ON STRESS MANAGEMENT OF SECURITY GUARDS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TRIVANDRUM DISTRICT
Authors: M Suginraj
Published: December 2020

Stress refers to the strain from the conflict between our external environment and us, leading to emotional and physical pressure. In our fast paced world, it is impossible to live without stress. This study analyzed the stress level of security guards who are working in public and private sectors as employees. Randomly selected 100 samples from Trivandrum district and conducted descriptive cum diagnostic research to analyze the causes and outcomes of stress. This study has been found that 80% of security guards suffer from depression at their work place, 55% of security guards feels that they do not have time to enjoy their personal life, back pain and head ache are the major symptoms of stress, financial motivation is being a more preferred method to control the stress and subsequently changes in work load and spending time with family are to be best methods to control the stress among the security guards.
A STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MULTIMEDIA IN TEACHING COMPUTER SCIENCE AMONG XI STANDARD STUDENTS IN KARUR DISTRICT
Authors: Subashini V.K.
Published: December 2020

This study attempted to find out the effect of using multimedia in teaching Computer Science among XI students. Sample of 62 students was selected for the study in Karur District. Two groups pretest and posttest experimental design was used. Data were analyzed. It is found that there is a significant means score difference between pretest and posttest among the selected higher secondary school novice students. It is proved that Multimedia supported teaching is one of the appropriate and effective methods for teaching Computer Science to higher secondary school students.
TRADE, COMMERCE AND ECONOMICS:INDIAN PERSPECTIVES VERSUS WESTERN THOUGHTS, DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES
Authors: Kamath Preetham G
Published: December 2020

Commerce, this has been an essential aspect of every individual’s life. The history of commerce dates back to the evolution of the human race on planet earth. It all started with a barter system where give and take was the policy. As and when the human race started to evolve loopholes in the system started to grow, and slowly but steadily, complexities started growing. Commercial aspects started gaining much relevance in peoples lives. People started dividing themselves geographically and started exchanging between two distinct geographies, as and when the divisions were made, there started differences in the thoughts as to how commercial activities are ought to be conducted. While few conflicted with each other, few were drawn on similar lines to ensure smooth commercial activities. Such commercial activities slowly started forming economies of the geographies, economists who defined the way economies have to be run with their theories grew in number. This paper draws differences and similarities between thoughts that arose between Indian and western country’s economists on commerce and economic activities over various time frames.
Teaching semantic considerations of ablative and locative cases in Turkish-to-English translated texts
Authors: Demir Cüneyt
Published: December 2020

Translation aims to transmit the original tone of the source text both syntactically and semantically accurate without losing the intent of a message. However, some syntactic considerations such as cases may pose a problem particularly if the source and target texts belong to different language typologies. Accordingly, this study investigated the translation of ablative and locative cases in Turkish-to-English studies to find out and analyse erroneous samples. The population of the study is composed of 131 students at the department of translation and the 360 pages data were gathered through different translation activities. Taxonomy with three categorizations was constructed for the identification and classification of the data, which are inaccurate cases, redundant cases, and case-missing. Results showed that ablative and locative cases had a similar number of errors in translation from Turkish to English, and inaccurate cases made up of the large proportion of these errors. This study concluded that there are a few considerations regarding ablative and locative cases that need to be taken into account while rendering a text. At last, some pedagogical implications aiming at lowering students’ errors of translation relating to ablative and locative cases were suggested.
Wine Nutrition Value: Comparative Analysis
Authors: Anikina Nadezhda , Cherviak Sofia , Gnilomedova Nonna
Published: December 2020

Consumers awareness of the energy value of wines leads to a more conscious approach to the wine products choice, considering the rational nutrition principles. Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages can pose a threat to the human health. The purpose of the research carried out by the authors was to determine the energy value of different types of wines by an interna- tional method developed by the International Association of official analytical chemists. A man determined physical and chemical parameters in the wines: the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol, the mass concentration of the reduced extract and sugars. The wine condition is a determining energy value factor: for table wines, this indicator is 59-158 kcal and increases from dry to sweet, while the contribution of ethyl alcohol to the value of the indicator can reach 93.0 %; the energy value of liqueur wines varies in the range of 79-208 kcal. Carbohydrates, represented by simple sugars, provide up to 45.0 % of the caloric content; differences in the indicator for dry wines of the two groups range from 20.0 to 50.0 %. The researchers carried out the systematization of liqueur wines depending on the type in order to increase energy value: Sherry → Marsala → Madeira → Port wine → Сahors wine → Tokay → Muscat → Malaga.
Antioxidant Properties Research of Various Types of Coffee
Authors: Ignatova Dinara , Makarova Nadezhda
Published: December 2020

The article presents results of antioxidant compounds determination (total amount of phenolic compounds, total amount of flavonoids) and parameters of the antiradical activity (by the DPPH method) and reducing power (by the FRAP method) in different types of coffee beans depending on roasting degree (weak, medium, strong), coffee variety (Robusta and Arabica) and the importing country. The researchers used the products presented in the retail chains of Samara. The study purpose was to reveal a universal and most common source of functional substances with an antioxidant effect for the human body and use it both in its pure form and in combination with other products (BAS). According to the research results, Robusta coffee (Coffea Canephora) of medium roasting from Brazil has high indicators for all the conducted analyses and can be used as an additional source of antioxidant substances, and as a raw material for obtaining BAS. Coffee Arabica (Coffea Arabica) of medium roasting of Indonesian origin has the highest restoring power, and the highest content of phenols and flavonoids. Coffee Arabica (Coffea Arabica) of a strong degree of roasting from India has the lowest rates. All other types of coffee have average, slightly different results.
Development of Drinking Yoghurt Enriched in Magnesium
Authors: Slozhenkina Marina , Gorlov Ivan , Kryuchkova Vera , Evlushin Dmitry , Tekuchev Semyon
Published: December 2020

The article describes the process of developing drinking yogurt enriched with magnesium. To enrich yogurt the researchers used magnesium citrate, obtained by reacting magnesium metal in the form of crushed chips with a thickness of about 1 mm and a particle mass of 0.1–0.5 g with a 10 % aqueous solution of citric acid at a gradual dosage of the chips at a temperature of 18 to 45 °C, with the pH of the reaction mixture controlled for 3.5-4 hours until the hydrogen release, chips separation and evaporation of the resulting solution for 2-3 hours to the dry residue and drying to a constant mass. A man produced yogurt using traditional technology. The authors added the technological stage of yogurt fortification with magnesium citrate – 550 mg per 100 g of yogurt. The magnesium citrate amount added to yogurt can bring the magnesium content to 63.5 mg/100 g. The researchers studied organoleptic, physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of yogurt enriched with magnesium after production and after 5, 7 and 10 days of storage at a temperature of 4 ± 2 °C. They proved that the magnesium citrate introduction did not adversely affect the quality and safety of the finished product. According to the results of the research, all indicators meet the requirements of the GOST 31981-2013 and the Technical regulations of the Customs Union “On the Safety of Milk and Dairy Products”. A man defined regulated quality indicators, as well as the storage period and mode – 7 days at a temperature of 4 ± 2 °C. The recommended single serving of yogurt provides at least 16.0 % of the daily intake, and the maximum magnesium content in yogurt does not exceed the upper safe consumption level.
A comunicação como aventura solipsística: sobre a “nova teoria” de Ciro Marcondes Filho
Authors: Rüdiger Francisco
Published: December 2020

Ciro Marcondes Filho gabaritou-se para propor uma “nova teoria” e, assim, tentar refundar os estudos de comunicação com trajetória de significativas contribuições à análise dos fenômenos de mídia. O presente estudo relata e examina em atitude ao mesmo tempo sistemática e crítica sua iniciativa. A conclusão é a de que, em vez de oferecer à teoria da comunicação um arcabouço conceitual para melhor esclarecer e, talvez, ajudar a desenvolver a pesquisa, seu empreendimento filosófico se esgota na pregação de uma doutrina de forte acento solipsístico.
Booktubers: Elogio da Materialidade e do Compartilhamento
Authors: Da Silva Thaís Costa , De Almeida Maria Isabel Mendes , Gomes Lilian Alves
Published: December 2020

Booktubers são leitores majoritariamente jovens que se dedicam a fazer considerações sobre exemplares literários em canais do YouTube. Por meio da análise de seus vídeos, da promoção de um encontro de booktubers e da participação em outros eventos, observamos como é pungente o apreço pelos livros em papel. A ênfase em aspectos materiais dos exemplares (cores, texturas, acabamento etc.) nos possibilita percorrer dimensões do relacionamento entre livro e leitor que flertam com os trejeitos do colecionador benjaminiano. Diferentemente deste, contudo, os booktubers não constituem suas coleções como trincheiras e sim como janelas que nos permitem relativizar a estereotipia do jovem fechado em seu quarto.
Effect of substrate type on structure of TiO2 thin film deposited by atomic layer deposition technique
Authors: Pessoa R. S. , Pereira F. P. , Testoni G. E. , Chiappim W. , Maciel H. S. , Santos L. V.
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses about the effect of substrate type on structure of titanium dioxide thin film deposited by atomic layer deposition technique using titanium tetrachloride and deionized water as precursors. The substrates investigated are silicon (100), cover glass and titanium, and the depositions were performed at temperatures ranging from 300ºC to 450 ºC. We observed through Rutherford backscattering spectrometry that the TiO2 thin films grown on both substrates are stoichiometric. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction showed that rutile phase could be obtained in almost pure phase at temperature of 450 ºC, however only for glass and titanium substrates. For the case of silicon (100) substrate, the anatase phase was preponderant for process temperatures investigated.
12 dBm OCP1dB Millimeter-wave 28 nm CMOS Power Amplifier using Integrated Transformers
Authors: Leite Bernardo , Kerhervé Eric , Belot Didier
Published: December 2020

This paper describes the design of mm-wave integrated transformers and their application within a power amplifier (PA) in a 28 nm CMOS technology. The PA presents a 2-stage common-source differential topology and uses one transformer at the input and another at the output to perform single-ended to differential conversion, as well as another transformer to perform interstage matching. The baluns are sized to provide low insertion losses and high common-mode rejection rate (CMRR) as well as integrating the input and output matching networks. The designed baluns achieve minimum insertion losses better than 0.8 dB and CMRR superior to 27 dB. The output-stage transistors have a measured 1 dB output compression point (OCP1dB) of 10.2 dBm, 10.1 dB gain and peak power added efficiency (PAE) as high as 35%. Thanks to the transformers, the PA presents a compact implementation, occupying only 0.037 mm² on silicon. The fabricated PA achieves 12 dBm OCP1dB, 15.3 dB gain and peak PAE better than 20%.
A Compact Eight-terminal Piezotransducer for Stress Measurements in Silicon
Authors: Ramirez Jose L. , Fruett Fabiano
Published: December 2020

Deformations in the crystalline structure have an important impact in electric characteristics of the semiconductors, like carrier mobility and concentration. Since mechanical stress and strain are related, an induced stress in silicon chips compromise the performance and structural integrity of Integrated Circuits (ICs). Reason why stress sensing devices are becoming important tools to detect and correct stress related problems, improving the performance and yield of ICs. This work shows the design and characterization of an Eight Terminals Silicon Piezotransduzer (8TSP), a stress sensor device based on the piezoresistive effect and designed to estimate the stress state over the (100) silicon surface. The multi-terminal device integrates a resistor rosette in a single octagonal plate, allowing to change the bias direction and to take measure in different orientations, the relationship between those observations can be used to estimate both direction and magnitude of the stress in a certain area. In order to characterize the device, a four-point-bending apparatus using a circular substrate has to be designed to have control of both magnitude and direction of the applied uniaxial stress. The device was attached to a disk and stress was applied in the main crystallographic directions to observe the piezoresistance characteristics and calibrate the sensor. We applied stress in some other directions and the stress behavior fit the predicted by the theory. Those results confirm that the 8TPS can be used to find the stress state over the surface of a silicon chip.
Reconfigurable Patterns of Photovoltaic Cells to Reduce Power Loss due to Detrimental Shading Conditions
Authors: Eick Alexander , De Faria Joao Paulo Hanke , Monteiro Davies William de Lima
Published: December 2020

Poorly illuminated or defective photovoltaic cells (PV cells) affect the performance of the whole panel. In this work, we propose a methodology to discover the best connection pattern among cells in a panel under unfavorable shading conditions. It is, therefore, assumed that the target PV module allows internal disconnection and reconnection of neighboring cells. In order to manage the reconfiguration of the cells on the array, the developed algorithm searches for the connection pattern that yields the least power loss, taking into account the cell model in silicon and the effect of shading. Three progressive shading schemes have been applied to mimic possible hard shading on a 36-cell panel. For each case, the algorithm analyzed the IV-characteristics of the panel and suggested the best cell-connection pattern to achieve the highest power output under each condition. When less than 15 of the 36 PV cells were affected by shading, the algorithm was able to  present up to 30% reduction in power loss when compared to the standard configuration, and up to 20% reduction when compared to complex fixed connection patterns. For shading patterns where 15 or more PV cells were affected, reconnection of the cells did not result in a reduction of power loss. However, if the PV panel is properly installed, only marginal hard shading should be expected and the algorithm would represent a promising tool to be deployed dynamically by means of switches and a management unit coupled to the panel.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hough Transform as Tool for Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) with Sparse and Noisy Sensors
Authors: Sousa Stephanie Kamarry , Freire Raimundo Carlos , Carvalho Elyson Adan , Molina Lucas , Freire Eduardo Oliveira
Published: December 2020

This work proposes a method of handling the difficulties generated by sparse and noisy sensorial output from a small quantity of ultrasonic sensors in order to develop a low cost SLAM system. A pre processing step of detecting faulty sensors was implemented by applying PCA on the available data in order to extract more reliable baseline features through the Hough Transform. Furthermore, we analyze the influence of odometry errors and failures in the localization of a differential driven mobile robot. This method is suitable for indoor and orthogonal shaped environments, especially for medium and short term tasks, such as exploration, rescue and inspection. The experimental results demonstrate the accuracy and robustness to noise and sensorial failures.
Design of Transfer-Gated CMOS Active Pixels Deploying Conventional PN-Junction Photodiodes
Authors: Costa Lidiane Campos , Souza Rubens A. , Monteiro Davies W. de Lima , Salles Luciana P.
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a comparative study of six active pixel sensor (APS) schemes by means of simulations and experiments. The optical sensor used was a silicon photodiode with integrated electronics in a standard 0.35 µm CMOS technology. We analyzed how the transistor characteristics, such as channel resistance and leakage current, among others, can influence the APS response. Furthermore, we demonstrated how the choice of APS model affects sensor parameters such as output swing and fill factor, among others. The results presented and the understanding of the operational cycle of the CMOS transfer-gated APS aims at guiding better choices for different applications and the better transistor type in the project.
A Non-Intrusive System to Classify the Severity of Damages Caused by Internal Corrosion Using the Potential Drop Technique and Electrical Image Mapping
Authors: Dos Santos Pinto George Leandro , Amaral Jorge , Vieira Pinheiro Gil Roberto , Gomes Silva Victor , Ponciano Gomes José Antônio
Published: December 2020

This work presents a non-intrusive method to obtain information about damages caused by internal corrosion in a stainless-steel plate and classify them according to their severity. The Potential Drop technique provides an electric potential gradient map, which is analyzed by the application of image processing techniques, such as morphological analysis and segmentation. Some corrosion forms can be detected by this method, like cracks and pitting corrosion; the last one is discussed in this paper. Finite Element Modeling simulations were performed to get examples of defective plates (with two classes of damages) The image processing in the simulations acts as a feature extractor that feeds a binary classifier based on Logistic Regression, which accuracy was 99.24%.
Framework-based Arithmetic Datapath Generation to Explore Parallel Binary Multipliers
Authors: Rocha Leandro Mateus Giacomini , Paim Guilherme , Santana Gustavo Madeira , Costa Eduardo Antônio César da , Bampi Sergio
Published: December 2020

Arithmetic modules usually have a significant impact on performance, circuit area, energy, and power in digital circuits of DSP (Digital Signal Processing). Exploring implementation trade-offs in these circuits is of utmost importance in low-power and low-cost devices such as sensors in IoT devices which often have stringent requirements. Multipliers are of particular concern due to their ubiquitous use in DSP algorithms and their inherent implementation complexity. This work proposes a framework to efficiently generalize and explore different compositions of arithmetic operators with an emphasis on parallel binary multipliers, guiding the designer through the micro-architecture development. Several partial product encoders were combined with multiple compression trees to generate multipliers that were synthesized in a commercial 65 nm to obtain area, power, and timing results.
High Level Estimation of Power Consumption in Point-to-Point Interconnect Architectures
Authors: García-Ortiz A. , Murgan T. , Indrusiak L. , Kabulepa L. , Glesner M.
Published: December 2020

As technology shrinks, the importance of the communication architecture in the overall system performance and power consumption increases dramatically. In this work, a framework is developed to estimate the consumption in point-to-point interconnect structures at high levels of abstraction. To model the effect of cross coupled capacitances, the spatial correlationbetween adjacent wire lines is considered together with the transition activity, and both are efficiently estimated using word-level statistics. Based on a set of increasing complexity stochastic data models, an analytical estimation procedure is proposed and validated with both synthetic and real data sets. Extensive bit level simulations have been carried out to show the accuracy of the proposed models.
Core Communication Interface for FPGAs
Authors: Palma José Carlos , De Mello Aline Vieira , Möller Leandro , Moraes Fernando , Calazans Ney
Published: December 2020

The use of pre-designed and pre-verified hardware modules, also called IP cores, is an important part of the effort to design and implement complex systems. However, many aspects of IP core manipulation are still to be developed. This paper presents an approach to solve problems related to the dynamic interconnection of hard IP cores. The approach targets system-on-a-chip designs build in a single FPGA device. The paper proposes a communication interface that allows IP cores replacement during the FPGA normal operation. The same interface also allows the communication among distinct IP cores to take place.
Supporting Collaboration in Distributed Design Environments using a Shared Object Space Infrastructure
Authors: Sawicki Sandro , Brisolara Lisane , Indrusiak Leandro Soares , Reis Ricardo , Glesner Manfred
Published: December 2020

This paper adress the problem of supporting collaboration among designers in a distributed design environment. Our goal is to allow designers to work synchronously even though they are geographically dispersed. The collaboration support is based on shared object spaces as technological infrastructure and its methodology is based on Pair Programming. It was implemented using Jini/Javaspaces and it was incorporated in the Cave2 CAD framework. The implemented collaboration support is availabre as a servicee that ca be requested by the design tolls and it allows design data sharing and facilitates the experience sharing among designers. The proposed approach was validated with a case stufy on a diagram editor.
Study of Power Balance in Electronegative Capacitively Coupled Plasmas
Authors: Swart Laura , Verdonck Patrick , Moshkalev Stanislav A.
Published: December 2020

The balance of power model is a relatively simple model, which determines the power dissipated both in the plasma bulk and in the plasma sheath, as well as the ion flux and the average energy lost by an electron in the plasma bulk. It requires only the measurement of the total power and the self bias voltage. The original model does not take into account the effect of the plasma potential on the energy of incoming ions, because for most plasmas, the plasma potential is negligible compared with the self bias voltage. In this work, the plasma potential was taken into account. For pure SF6 plasmas, the modification had a significant effect on the ion flux, which increased by more than a factor 2, when compared with the original model. Besides, there are strong indications that the silicon etching with SF6 was mostly determined by the plasma bulk power, but the contribution from ion bombardment was considerable, too. For less electronegative plasmas, the influence of the plasma potential may be neglected.
Analysis of Defects Generated by the Reflow Soldering in SMT (Surface Mount Technology) Assembly Applying the Six Sigma Method
Authors: Bueno Ana C. , Shiki Maíra P. , De Lima Valdemir R. , Brandão Luis G. , Oka Maurício M.
Published: December 2020

The Six Sigma method using the DMAIC methodology is being applied for analyzing the reflow soldering process in an SMT assembly line. The Define phase (D) and Measure phase (M) were concluded, the Analysis (A) phase is being implemented, and the Improve (I) and Control (C) phases will be the next ones. Defects generated during the reflow process were classified and measured both on assembled memory modules and on virgin laminates that were passed through the oven during the reflow of these modules. Spots of solder and flux were found on the edge connector of the modules and also on the surface of the virgin laminates. It was found that these defects are generated inside the reflow oven, indicating that the oven is contaminated. Two solder pastes were analyzed and consequently, two temperature profiles were used. The amount of defects generated by the oven was found to be independent on the temperature profile. On the other hand the amount of defects depends on the solder paste that is used. The FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) was also accomplished. As a result, the main failure modes of the reflow process were determined, namely, the heating rate, the soak temperature, the conveyor velocity, the reflow temperature, the reflow time, and the cooling rate.
Study of the Drain Leakage Current Behavior in Graded-Channel SOI nMOSFETs Operating at High Temperatures
Authors: Bellodi Marcello , Martino João Antonio
Published: December 2020

The theoretical and experimental study of drain leakage current behavior in Graded-Channel ( GC ) SOI nMOSFETs operating at high-temperatures ( up to 300oC ) is analyzed and discussed here. Through the studies it was noticed that drain leakage current depends strongly on the ratio between the length of the lowly doped region and the mask channel length. Also, it was observed that the drain leakage behavior is similar to the conventional SOI nMOSFETs which effective channel length being equal in both structures when the GC SOI nMOSFETs has the same channel doping level in the higher doped region. Numerical bidimensional simulations and experimental data were used in order to compare and discuss all the results.
Table of contents and Foreword
Authors: Martino João Antonio , Carro Luigi
Published: December 2020

This issue of Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems (JICS) includes 6 papers on design, test and CAD. These papers have been selected from the presentations given at SBCCI2006 (Symposium on Integrated Circuits and Systems Design), which was organized in Ouro Preto, Brazil in 2006. Among the contributions presented at SBCCI2006 conference, only a few were selected by the Technical Committee for this issue. These papers have been submitted to usual reviewing process with the help of external experts. We would like to thank the authors for their effort in preparing these high quality papers, as well as the reviewers for their help on paper selection which guarantees the scientic level of this issue.We sincerely hope that JICS readers will enjoy these contributions, as we have enjoyed listening to them at the SBCCI2006 conference. 

The Editors.
Table of contents and Foreword
Authors: Martino João Antonio , Carro Luigi
Published: December 2020

This issue of Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems (JICS) includes 8 papers on process, materials, devices, and modeling. These papers have been selected from the presentations given at SBMicro2006 (Symposium on Microelectronics Technology and Devices), which was organized in Ouro Preto, Brazil in 2006. Among the contributions presented at SBMicro2006 conference, only a few were selected by the Technical Committee for this issue. These papers have been submitted to usual reviewing process with the help of external experts. We would like to thank the authors for their effort in preparing these high quality papers, as well as the reviewers for their help on paper selection which guarantees the scientic level of this issue.We sincerely hope that JICS readers will enjoy these contributions, as we have enjoyed listening to them at the SBMicro2006 conference.The Editors.
Effect of Nucleation Parameters of Ge Quantum Dots Grown over Silicon Oxide by LPCVD
Authors: Mestanza S. N. M. , Doi I. , Frateschi N. C.
Published: December 2020

Germanium quantum dots (Ge-QD) were grown by Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (LPCVD) on Si nucleus previously grown on 3 nm thick SiO2 ultra thin film. Samples were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). We report the analysis of the influence of the nucleation parameters on size and spatial distribution of Ge-QD. AFM images show a Ge-QD density of around 3.6x1010 cm-2, with an 11 nm mean size and 2.9 nm height. Finally, HRTEM investigation shows that the Ge-QD have a crystalline structure, i.e., they are nanocrystals.
Fabrication of Ti-Si-Ti Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Photodetectors Using Low Temperature Rapid Thermal Annealing
Authors: Ohta Ricardo L. , Viana Carlos E. , Morimoto Nilton I. , Borges Ben-Hur V.
Published: December 2020

The electrical properties of Ti-Si-Ti Metal-Semiconductor-Metal (MSM) photodetector were studied as a function of annealing temperature, using Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) process. Low temperatures were used at the RTA (200-350°C) in order to avoid the formation of silicides.We observed a decrease in the dark current on samples annealed between 200 and 300°C. The lowest dark current was obtained in the sample annealed at 250°C (4.8 nA), which is one order of magnitude lower than as-deposited sample (53.5 nA). The sample annealed at 350°C had an increase in dark current (82.9 nA). This behavior of the dark current can be explained by the increase in the barrier height at 200-300°C annealing temperature range, due to increase of the thickness of the amorphous interdiffused Ti-Si interfacial layer, and decrease in the barrier value at sample annealed at 350°C, due to pre formation of C49 TiSi2.
Charge-Based Continuous Equations for the Transconductance and Output Conductance of Graded-Channel SOI MOSFET’s
Authors: De Souza Michelly , Pavanello Marcelo A.
Published: December 2020

This paper presents charge-based continuous equations for the transconductance and output conductance of submicrometer Graded-Channel (GC) Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) nMOSFET. The effects of carrier velocity saturation, channel length modulation and drain-induced barrier lowering were taken into account in the proposed equations. Experimental results were used to test the validity of the equations by comparing not only the transconductance and the output conductance, but also the Early voltage and the open-loop voltage gain, showing a good agreement in a wide range of bias.
Model Driven Engineering for MPSoC Design Space Exploration
Authors: Oliveira Marcio F. da S. , Brião Eduardo W. , Nascimento Francisco A. , Wagner Flávio R.
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a Model Driven Engineering approach for MPSoC Design Space Exploration (DSE) to deal with the ever-growing challenge of designing complex embedded systems. This approach allows the designer to automatically select the most adequate modeling solution for application, platform, and mapping between application and platform, in an integrated and simultaneous way and at a very early design stage, before system synthesis and code generation have been performed. The exploration is based on high-level estimates of physical characteristics of each candidate solution. In an experimental setting, the DSE tool automatically performs four design activities: it selects the number of processors, maps tasks to processors, allocates processors to bus segments, and sets the voltage of each processor. Experimental results, extracted from a DSE scenario for a real application, show that the proposed estimation and exploration approach may find a suitable solution regarding the design requirements and constraints in a very short time, with an acceptable accuracy, without relying on costly synthesis-and-simulation cycles.
A New Router Architecture for High-Performance Intrachip Networks
Authors: Carara Everton , Calazans Ney , Moraes Fernando
Published: December 2020

For almost a decade now, Network on Chip (NoC) concepts have evolved to provide an interesting alternative to more traditional intrachip communication architectures (e.g. shared busses) for the design of complex Systems on Chip (SoCs). A considerable number of NoC proposals are available, focusing on different sets of optimization aspects, related to specific classes of applications. Each such application employs a NoC as part of its underlying implementation infrastructure. Many of the mentioned optimization aspects target results such as Quality of Service (QoS) achievement and/or power consumption reduction. On the other hand, the use of NoCs brings about the solution of new design problems, such to the choice of synchronization method to employ between NoC routers and application modules mapping. Although the availability of NoC structures is already rather ample, some design choices are at base of many, if not most, NoC proposals. These include the use of wormhole packet switching and virtual channels. This work pledges against this practice. It discusses trade-offs of using circuit or packet switching, arguing in favor the use of the former with fixed size packets (cells). Quantitative data supports the argumentation. Also, the work proposes and justifies replacing the use of virtual channels by replicated channels, based on the abundance of wires in current and expected deep sub-micron technologies. Finally, the work proposes a transmission method coupling the use of session layer structures to circuit switching to better support application implementation. The main reported result is the availability of a router with reduced latency and area, a communication architecture adapted for high-performance applications.