bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bazı Üzüm Çeşitlerinde ve Asma Anaçlarında Yaprak Alanının Belirlenmesi
Authors: Yağcı Adem , Sucu Seda , Yıldız Namık
Published: June 2020

Asma gelişiminin olumsuz etkilenmemesi ve ürün kalitesinin devamı için yaprak miktarı ve alanının optimum düzeyde bulunması gerekmektedir. Çünkü omca için gerekli olan ve çoğunluğu meyve ve odun kısmında depolanan karbonhidratlar, fotosentez sonrası yapraklar aracılığı ile oluşmaktadır. Yaprak alanı ile ilgili bilgiler birçok alanda kullanılabilmektedir. Bunların başında fotosentez kapasitesi ve bitki büyüme oranı gelebilir. Yaprak alanı belirlemede çeşitli aletlerden ve yöntemlerden (planimetre, yaprak alanı ölçer, en-boy çarpımı, ağırlık-alan hesabı, görüntülü işleme programları vb) yararlanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada materyal olarak 3 adet Amerikan asma anacı (5BB, 110 R, 1103 Paulsen ) ile 5 adet üzüm çeşidi (Alphonse Lavallée, Italıa, Mıchele Palıerı ve Narince, Yalova İncisi) kullanılmıştır. Anaç ve çeşitlere ait omcalardan 15-25 boğumlu 20 adet sürgün alınmış ve boğum sırasına göre yaprakların fotokopileri çekilmiştir. Yaprakların gerçek alan değerleri planimetre ile ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca yaprakların yaprak sapı ile ayanın genişlik ve uzunlukları da ölçülmüştür. Yaprak sapı, aya genişliği, aya uzunluğu (L1 damarı), aya genişlik x uzunluk değerleri ve gerçek alan arasında regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Bir sürgün üzerinde en fazla yaprak alanı anaçlardan 5 BB (2484 cm2), çeşitlerden Narince‘de (2126 cm2) meydana gelmiştir. Her üç anaçta da 9.boğumda bulunan yaprak ortalama değeri vermiştir. Çeşitlere göre ortalama değer veren boğum numarası açısından Alphonse Lavallée, Mıchele Palıerı ve Yalova İncisi çeşitlerinde 11.boğum ön plana çıkmıştır. Narince çeşidinde 13., Italia çeşidinde ise 12.boğum ortalamaya en yakın değer vermiştir.
The Canadian Input: The 34th Executive Committee UNHCR Geneva, Oct. 14, 1983
Authors: Beesley J. Alan
Published: June 2020

Ambassador J. Alan Beesley, in the opening address to the UNHCR Executive Committee, genuflected approriately to support the High Commissioner's efforts with respect to the fundamental issue of protection and the need to address the root causes of refugee situations as outlined in the Aga Khan's report. Canada focussed on four issues, and it is not clear whether the ordering is significant: repatriation, local integration in countries of asylum, resettlement in third countries, and utilization of traditional settlement assistance to lessen both the likelihood and the impact of refugee situations. Through the work of the subcommittee on protection, Canada assisted in developing a set of principles for the review of manifestly unfounded claims to refugee status, concurred in an agreement on a trial project for rescue at sea to which Canada makes a contribution, and urged continuing effort to develop a policy on preventing military attacks on refugee camps (on which there was no consensus). Canada also supported the promotion of existing legal instruments for the protection of refugees and urged the development of new, flexible and imaginative protection techniques. The review of specific refugee situations around the world was supportive and diplomatic; it was neither analytic nor critical.
Refugee Week and Refugee Film Festival: Art and Truth in Film -- 4-8 February 1985
Authors: Refuge Editor .
Published: June 2020

Refugee Week and Refugee Film Festival: Art and Truth in Film -- 4-8 February 1985.
Canada - A Country of First Asylum
Authors: Refuge Editor .
Published: June 2020

Editorial.
Refugee or Asylum: A Choice for Canada?
Authors: Refugee Documentation Project .
Published: June 2020

The Refugee Documentation Project of York University will host an international symposium, Refuge or Asylum: A Choice for Canada? at Glendon College, York University, Tuesday through Friday, May 27-30, 1986.
First Report on the Host Program: Pilot Projects in London, Winnipeg and Regina
Authors: Refuge Editor .
Published: June 2020

The objective of the host programme is to enhance the settlement process of those government-assisted refugees and other designated persons who qualify for support under the federal Adjustment Assistance Programme (AAP). This objective is to be achieved by matching these persons or families with host groups. The host groups are expected to assist refugees in settling more quickly. in learning English or French, in obtaining employment as soon as possible, and in providing friendship and emotional support. The Adjustment Assistance Programme currently provides funds to government-assisted refugees including those in the "control" programme. Funding is similar to provincial welfare assistance. Also allowances are paid to acquire basic clothing and furniture. This assistance is available to refugees for a maximum period of one year following arrival in Canada If, at some time during that period, the refugee becomes self-sufficient through employment, AAP funding ceases thereby.
Assessing Refugee Claims In Canada
Authors: \Mennonite Central Committee Canada .
Published: June 2020

A submission to the Parliamentary Committee studying Bill C-55 on Refugee Determination, September 2, 1987.
The Screening Provisions Proposed in Bill C-55 (Rules of the Board, documentation respecting the claim with the adjudicator)
Authors: Government of Canada .
Published: June 2020

The screening provisions proposed in Bill C-55 (Rules of the Board, documentation respecting the claim with the adjudicator).
Refugee Women Workshop Weekend
Authors: Refugee Documentation Project .
Published: June 2020

Overview of the Refugee Women Workshop weekend.
Biostratigraphy of the Endothiodon Assemblage Zone (Beaufort Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa
Authors: Day M.O. , Smith R.M.H.
Published: June 2020

The Endothiodon Assemblage Zone is the third oldest tetrapod biozone of the Beaufort Group (Adelaide Subgroup, Karoo Supergroup). It is situated between the underlying Tapinocephalus and overlying Cistecephalus assemblage zones and in the southwestern part of the basin corresponds to the majority of the Poortjie and Hoedemaker members of the Teekloof Formation. It is characterised by the dicynodont genus Endothiodon, especially in the lower part of assemblage zone, and records early ecosystem recovery from the Capitanian mass extinction. It also contains the lowest occurrence in the Karoo Basin of cynodont therapsids, eutherocephalians, bidentalian dicynodonts, and diapsids. The biozone reaches a maximum thickness of around 250 m in the southwestern part of the basin. We propose a two-fold subdivision into a lower Lycosuchus - Eunotosaurus Subzone (equivalent to the upper two-thirds of the former Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone) and an upper Tropidostoma - Gorgonops Subzone (equivalent to the former Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone), with the contact deﬁned by the ﬁrst appearance of Tropidostoma dubium. The Endothiodon Assemblage Zone is terminated by the ﬁrst appearance of Aulacephalodon bainii.
Biostratigraphy of theDaptocephalusAssemblage Zone (Beaufort Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa
Authors: Viglietti P.A.
Published: June 2020

The name Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone (DaAZ) is re-instated for vertebrate assemblages of the uppermost Permian strata (Balfour, upper Teekloof, and Normandien formations) of South Africa’s main Karoo Basin (MKB). This involved taxonomic revision of the dicynodontoid “Dicynodon” sensu lato, reviving Daptocephalus leoniceps, and revising the stratigraphic ranges of co-occurring index taxa (Theriognathus microps, Procynosuchus delaharpeae) of the Dicynodon Assemblage Zone (DiAZ) as it was known. This work has demonstrated the appearance of index taxa below the stratigraphically defined DiAZ. Moreover, the first appearance of Lystrosaurus maccaigi and Moschorhinus kitchingi in the upper reaches of the biozone calls for the establishment of a two-fold subdivision of the current DaAZ into lower (Dicynodon-Theriognathus) and upper (Lystrosaurus maccaigi-Moschorhinus) subzones. The biostratigraphic utility of Daptocephalus and other South African dicynodontoids outside of the MKB is limited due to basinal endemism at the species level and varying temporal ranges of dicynodontoids globally. Accordingly, their use is recommended only for correlation within the Karoo Basin at this stage.
Penggambaran feminisme seorang ibu dalam membangun kepribadian anaknya di film petualangan menangkap petir
Authors: Rasyid Asysyddiqi Muhammad Iqbal
Published: June 2020

In the Adventure Film Catching Lightning there are several issues and concerns that want to be displayed through audio visual works. One example is about a mother (Beth) who strongly restrains her child and accentuates the feminism of the character of the mother (Beth) by prioritizing the perspective of the mother (Beth) in educating children, which is more prominent in the figure of the mother (Beth) than the father (Mahesa). In feminism itself, women really want to achieve gender equality, and from the observations in this film the perspective of the mother (Beth) is explored deeper, about how she thinks and behaves more prominent than some other adult male characters in the film this. A mother is generally very caring for children and wants to educate their children well, but many deviate from the goals of the mother herself which instead change from educating to obeying, and the figure of Mother (Beth) in this film tries to do that in which feminism here it is shown when Mother (Beth) collides with Father (Mahesa) or Grandfather where Mother (Beth) tries to keep arguing and does not want to obey just because they are Men or husband and tries to convey her mindset in educating children. Keywords: Feminism; Petulangan Menangkap Petir; Film; Film Characters.
Nursing Student Peer Mentorship: The Importance of Professional Relationships
Authors: Seshabela Hlengiwe , Havenga Yolanda , De Swardt Hester Cathrina
Published: June 2020

Nursing students face numerous challenges and stressors related to the dynamics within the academic, psycho-social, and health care environments. Peer mentoring has the potential to support nursing students with these challenges by providing academic and psychosocial support, which may increase retention in the programme and student wellbeing. The focus of this article is on peer mentors’ and mentees’ views of professional relationships as an essential requirement to create and maintain an effective peer mentoring programme. The aim of the study is to support the design and implementation of a peer mentoring programme to enhance students’ academic success in an undergraduate nursing programme. It is thus important to determine students’ views about the relationship that would create a supportive environment for them. A descriptive qualitative research design was used. A purposive sample of 20 participants participated in semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups with peer mentors and mentees in an undergraduate nursing programme. Measures to ensure trustworthiness and ethical research were implemented. The importance of professional relationships as the glue that holds a peer mentoring programme together emerged. In order to establish the professional relationship, participants explained the importance of boundaries in the relationship, commitment toward the programme by all role players, and the qualities required of a mentor. Recommendations were made for training mentors and mentees in establishing and maintaining boundaries, negotiating relationship contracts, and developing the qualities required of mentors.
KIRILGAN BEŞLİ ÜLKELER İÇİN PHILLIPS EĞRİSİ ANALİZİ
Authors: KIRCA Mustafa , CANBAY Şerif
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada enflasyon ile işsizlik arasındaki ilişkilerin araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Kırılgan Beşli ülkeler olarak adlandırılan Brezilya, Endonezya, Hindistan, Güney Afrika ve Türkiye’nin 1991-2019 dönemi verileri kullanılarak enflasyon oranı ile işsizlik oranı arasındaki ilişkiler, Kónya (2006) panel bootsrap nedensellik testi yardımıyla araştırılmaktadır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda Hindistan’da işsizlikten enflasyona doğru negatif nedensellik ilişkisi ve Türkiye’de enflasyondan işsizliğe doğru negatif nedensellik ilişkisi vardır. Diğer ülkelerde ise değişkenler arasında herhangi bir nedensellik ilişkisi yoktur.
Fluorogenic Probe Using a Mislow-Evans Rearrangement for Real-Time Imaging of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Pham Dianne , Basu Upamanyu , Pohorilets Ivanna , Croix Claudette M. St , Watkins Simon , Koide Kazunori
Published: June 2020

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a second messenger that mediates the biology of wound healing, apoptosis, inflammation, aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and more. Its presence has been fluorometrically imaged with protein- or small molecule-based sensors. However, only protein-based sensors have afforded temporal insights with the resolution of seconds. Small molecule-based fluorogenic probes are preferred for various reasons; however, current electrophilic chemosensors react with H2O2 slowly, requiring >20 minutes for a sufficient response. Here, we report a fluorogenic probe that selectively reacts with H2O2 and undergoes a [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement (seleno-Mislow-Evans rearrangement) followed by an acetal hydrolysis to produce a green fluorescent molecule in seconds. The mode of reaction is based on the umpolung of previously developed sensors; the probe acts as a nucleophile rather than an electrophile. The fast kinetics outcompete the reaction between thiols and H2O2, enabling real-time imaging of H2O2 produced inside the subcellular compartments of cells in 8 seconds. Further, the probe was able to recapitulate data previously observed only with a genetically encoded protein-based sensor. The present probe design provides a platform that can match the temporal resolution of protein-based H2O2 detection.
Discovery of Halogenated Benzothiadiazine Derivatives with Anticancer Activity
Authors: Huwaimel Bader , Bhakta Myla , Kulkarni Chaitanya A. , Milliken Alexander S. , Wang Feifei , Peng Aimin , Brookes Paul , Trippier Paul C.
Published: June 2020

Mitochondrial respiratory complex II (CII), also known as succinate dehydrogenase, plays a critical role in mitochondrial metabolism. Known but low potency CII inhibitors are selectively cytotoxic to cancer cells including the benzothiadiazine-based anti-hypoglycemic diazoxide. Herein, we study the structure-activity relationship of benzothiadiazine derivatives for CII inhibition for the first time. A number of more potent derivatives were identified. Cytotoxicity evaluation of the novel derivatives resulted in the identification of compounds with greater anticancer effect than the parent; two benzothiadiazine derivative classes (24a-d and 30a, 30c, 30d) that possess activity to reduce the cell viability of 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells and five novel 7-fluorobenzothiadiazine derivatives which possessed significant cytotoxicity in a cellular model of triple negative breast cancer. No correlation between cytotoxicity and CII inhibition was found, indicating an as yet undefined mechanism of action of this scaffold.
Molecular Docking and Dynamic Simulation of UDP-N-Acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine Reductase (MurB) Obtained from Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Using in Silico Approach
Authors: Alhaji Isa Mustafa , Mohammed Mohammed Mustapha
Published: June 2020

The UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductase (MurB) catalyze the final steps of the UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid (UDPMurNAc) formation in the peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway. The absence of this pathway in mammal made it an attractive target for drug development in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). In this study, the crystal structure of MurB from MTB (PDB Code: 5JZX and resolution of 2.2 Å) bound to FAD and K+ was obtained from Protein Data Bank (PDB). A total of 2157 compounds with best binding conformations obtained from zinc database through virtual screening. These compounds further screened for drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic properties, physicochemical properties (Lipinski rule of five), and molecular docking analysis to obtained compounds with desirable therapeutic properties and good binding energies against MurB. Seven compounds (7) with minimum binding energies ranged between ─11.80 and ─10.39kcal/mol were selected, lower than the binding energy of FAD (─10.06kcal/mol). Four compounds with best binding energies (ZINC19837204 = ─11.80kcal/mol, ZINC11839554 = ─11.47kcal/mol, ZINC14976552 = ─10.77kcal/mol) and ability to interact with the residues (ZINC12242812 = ─10.39kcal/mol) of the substrate binding site further selected for the molecular dynamic (MD) simulation analysis. The result of the MD simulation showed that all the four ligands formed stable complexes in the binding site of the MurB, during the 50ns MD simulation, when compared with the cofactor (FAD). Therefore, these compounds were proposed to be novel inhibitors of MTB after in vivo and in vitro validation.
A Kinetic Description of How Interfaces Accelerate Reactions in Micro-Compartments
Authors: Wilson Kevin , Prophet Alexander , Rovelli Grazia , Willis Megan , Rapf Rebecca , Jacobs Michael
Published: June 2020

A kinetic expression is derived to explain how interfaces alter bulk chemical equilibria and accelerate reactions in micro-compartments. This description, aided by the development of a stochastic model, quantitatively predicts previous experimental observations of accelerated imine synthesis in micron-sized emulsions.
Minimizing Polymorphic Risk Through Cooperative Computational and Experimental Exploration
Authors: Taylor Christopher R. , Mulvee Matthew T. , Perenyi Domonkos S. , Probert Michael R. , Day Graeme , Steed Jonathan
Published: June 2020

We combine state-of-the-art computational crystal structure prediction (CSP) techniques with a wide range of experimental crystallization methods to understand and explore crystal structure in pharmaceuticals and minimize the risk of unanticipated late-appearing polymorphs. Initially, we demonstrate the power of CSP to rationalize the difficulty in obtaining polymorphs of the well-known pharmaceutical isoniazid and show that CSP provides the structure of the recently discovered, but unsolved, Form III of this drug despite there being only a single known form for almost 70 years. More dramatically, our blind CSP study predicts a significant risk of polymorphism for the related iproniazid. Employing a wide variety of experimental techniques, including high-pressure experiments, we experimentally obtained the first three known non-solvated crystal forms of iproniazid, all of which were successfully predicted in the CSP procedure. We demonstrate the power of CSP methods and free energy calculations to rationalize the observed elusiveness of the third form of iproniazid, the success of high-pressure experiments in obtaining it, and the ability of our synergistic computational-experimental approach to “de-risk” solid form landscapes.
Harnessing Chalcogen-bonding Interactions To Establish Conformational Control in Dirhodium(II) Paddlewheel Complexes
Authors: Murai Takuya , Lu Wenjie , Kuribayashi Toshifumi , Morisaki Kazuhiro , Ueda Yoshihiro , Hamada Shohei , Sasamori Takahiro , Tokitoh Norihiro , Kawabata Takeo , Furuta Takumi
Published: June 2020

Novel well-defined D2-symmetric dirhodium(II) carboxylate complexes that bear axially chiral binaphthothiophene delta-amino acid derivatives have been developed. Conformational control was achieved through chalcogen-bonding interactions between sulfur and oxygen atoms in each ligand, providing well-defined and uniform asymmetric environments around the catalytically active Rh(II) centers. These structural properties render such complexes excellent catalysts for the inside-type asymmetric intramolecular C–H insertion into alpha-aryl-alpha-diazoacetates to yield a variety of cis- alpha, beta-diaryl gamma-lactones, as well as the corresponding trans-isomers through epimerization, in high diastereo- and enantioselectivities. Short total syntheses of the naturally occurring gamma-lactones cinnamomumolide, cinncassin A7, and cinnamomulactone were also accomplished using this conformationally controlled catalyst.
A Ligand-Directed Approach to Activity-Based Sensing: Developing Palladacycle Fluorescent Probes that Enable Endogenous Carbon Monoxide Detection
Authors: Morstein Johannes , Höfler Denis , Ueno Kohei , Jurss Jonah , Walvoord Ryan , Bruemmer Kevin , Rezgui Samir , Brewer Thomas , Saitoe Minoru , Michel Brian , Chang Christopher
Published: June 2020

Carbon monoxide (CO) is an emerging gasotransmitter and reactive carbon species with broad anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and neurotransmitter functions along with therapeutic potential for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The study of CO chemistry in biology and medicine relative to other prominent gasotransmitters such as NO and H2S remains challenging, in large part due to limitations in available tools for the direct visualization of this transient and freely diffusing small molecule in complex living systems. Here we report a ligand-directed activity-based sensing (ABS) approach to CO detection through palladium-mediated carbonylation chemistry. Specifically, the design and synthesis of a series of ABS probes with systematic alterations in the palladium-ligand environment (e.g., sp3-S, sp3-N, sp2-N) establish structureactivity relationships for palladacycles to confer selective reactivity with CO under physiological conditions. These fundamental studies led to the development of an optimized probe, termed Carbon Monoxide Probe-3 Ester Pyridine (COP3E-Py), which enables imaging of CO release in live cell and brain settings, including monitoring of endogenous CO production that triggers presynaptic dopamine release in fly brains. This work provides a unique tool for studying CO in living systems and establishes the utility of a synthetic methods approach to activity-based sensing using principles of organometallic chemistry
Computational Design of Potent Inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2’s Main Protease
Authors: Abu-Saleh Abd Al-Aziz A. , Awad Ibrahim , Yadav Arpita , Poirier Raymond A.
Published: June 2020

In silico drug design can play a vital role in identifying promising drug candidates against COVID-19. Herein, we focused on the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 that plays crucial biological functions in the virus. We performed a ligand-based virtual screening followed by a docking screening for testing approved drugs and bioactive compounds listed in the DrugBank and ChEMBL databases. The top 8 docking results were advanced to all-atom MD simulations to study the relative stability of the protein-ligand interactions.Our results suggest several promising approved and bioactive inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.
Modeling the Role of a Flexible Loop and Active Site Side Chains in Hydride Transfer Catalyzed by Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Mhashal Anil Ranu , Romero-Rivera Adrian , Mydy Lisa S. , Cristobal Judith R. , Gulick Andrew M. , Richard John , Kamerlin Shina Caroline Lynn
Published: June 2020

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a biomedically important enzyme that plays a crucial role in lipid biosynthesis. It is activated by a ligand-gated conformational change that is necessary for the enzyme to reach a catalytically competent conformation capable of efficient transition state stabilization. While the human form (hlGPDH) has been the subject of extensive structural and biochemical studies, corresponding computational studies to support and extend the experimental observations have been lacking. We perform here detailed empirical valence bond and Hamiltonian replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations of wild-type hlGPDH and its variants, as well as providing a novel crystal structure of the binary hlGPDH·NAD R269A variant where the enzyme is present in the open conformation. We estimated the activation free energies for the hydride transfer reaction in wild-type and substituted variants of hlGPDH and investigated the effect of mutations on the catalysis from a detailed structural study. Our structural data and simulations also illustrate the critical role of the R269 side chain in facilitating the closure of hlGPDH into a catalytically competent conformation, through modulating the flexibility of a key catalytic loop (292-LNGQKL-297), thus rationalizing a tremendous 41,000-fold decrease experimentally in the turnover number, kcat, upon truncating this residue. Taken together, our data highlight the importance of this ligand-gated conformational change in catalysis, a feature that can be exploited both for protein engineering and for the design of novel allosteric inhibitors targeting this biomedically important enzyme.
Selective, High-Temperature O2 Adsorption in Chemically Reduced, Redox-Active Iron-Pyrazolate Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Jaffe Adam , Ziebel Michael , Halat David M. , Biggins Naomi , Murphy Ryan , Chakarawet Khetpakorn , Reimer Jeffrey A. , Long Jeffrey R.
Published: June 2020

Developing O2-selective adsorbents that can produce high-purity oxygen from air remains a significant challenge. Here, we show that chemically reduced metal–organic framework materials of the type AxFe2(bdp)3 (A = Na+, K+; bdp2− = 1,4-benzenedipyrazolate; 0 < x ≤ 2), which feature coordinatively saturated iron centers, are capable of strong and selective adsorption of O2 over N2 at ambient (25 °C) or even elevated (200 °C) temperature. A combination of gas adsorption analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and a range of spectroscopic methods, including 23Na solid-state NMR, Mössbauer, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, are employed as probes of O2 uptake. Significantly, the results support a selective adsorption mechanism involving outer-sphere electron transfer from the framework to form superoxide species, which are subsequently stabilized by intercalated alkali metal cations that reside in the one-dimensional triangular pores of the structure. We further demonstrate similar O2 uptake behavior to that of AxFe2(bdp)3 in an expanded-pore framework analogue and thereby gain additional insight into the O2 adsorption mechanism. The chemical reduction of a robust metal–organic framework to render it capable of binding O2 through such an outer-sphere electron transfer mechanism represents a promising and underexplored strategy for the design of next-generation O2 adsorbents.
RELASI BAHASA MELAYU RIAU, BUGIS, DAN BANJAR: KAJIAN LINGUISTIK HISTORIS KOMPARATIF
Authors: Afria Rengki Afria , Izar Julisah , Prawolo Ike Selviana , Arezky Baldi
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekerabatan bahasa Melayu Riau, Bugis, dan Banjar: Kajian Linguistik Historis Komparatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode komparatif, leksikostatistik, dan glotokronologi.Berdasarkan analisis komparatif terdapat 16 data yang identik (kognat), 25 data korespondensi fonemis, dan 36 data korespondesi fonetis. Hasil perhitungan leksikostatistik didapatkan persentase kekerabatan Bahasa Melayu Riau (BMR) dan Bahasa Bugis (BBu) 32%, BBu dan bahasa Banjar (BBa) 30%, serta BMR dan BBa 83%. Dari perhitungan tersebut ditentukan status kebahasaan bahwa BMR dan BBa diklasifikasikan bahasa dari subkeluarga, sedangkan BBu diklasifikasikan sebagai bahasa.  Hasil glotokronologi menunjukkan bahwa waktu pisah antara bahasa Melayu Riau (BMR) dan bahasa Bugis (BBu) adalah 699 tahun yang lalu (25-50 abad), BBu dan bahasa Banjar (BBa) adalah 852 tahun yang lalu (25-50 abad), dan BMR dan BBa adalah 1975 tahun yang lalu (0-5 abad). Hasil komparatif dan glotokronologi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa bahasa Melayu Riau (BMR), bahasa Bugis (BBu), dan bahasa Banjar adalah berkerabat.
Relationship of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Pakistan
Authors: Shabana Parveen  , Sohail Farooq  , Habib Elahi Sahibzada  , Hazrat Ali
Published: June 2020

The paper analyzed the fundamental relationship among the uses of energy, uses of electricity and gas,   total consumption of oil, and economic development of Pakistan. This analysis used  time series data for the  sample span of 1972-2017, retrieved from economic survey of Pakistan (ESP, 2018). Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) model is used for analyzing the causal link amongst the variables. Before estimating VAR, Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and  breusch-Godfrey serial correlation LM tests are applied for confirming a stationarity characteristic of every variable, initial with intercept and then, with interrupt along with the linear deterministic trend. The Schwartz Information Criterion (AIC) is applied for the selection of optimal lag.  Johansen Co-integration analysis is adopted for identifying long run association. Result of the VAR model reveals that 1% increase in consumption of natural gas accelerates economic growth by   1.5%.Similarly 1% increase in consumption of petroleum increases economic growth by about 0.2%. Similarl,1% increase in electricity consumption brings about 1.03% increase in economic growth which is statistically insignificant. The findings of the research work propose that policy makers require to plan for environmental issue while making policies regarding the uses of energy and development of economy and also search for cheap and environmental friendly energy sources like construction of dams, provision of solar system and wind mills.
Pengembangan Indeks Penilaian Bank Sampah Skala Kota Studi Kasus Kota Bandung dan Kota Cimahi
Authors: PRANADITYA MEGA , JUWANA IWAN , AINUN SITI
Published: June 2020

AbstrakBank sampah skala kota adalah aplikasi pengelolaan sampah untuk mengurangi sampah suatu kota yang akan dibuang ke TPA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyempurnakan indeks sebelumnya. Dengan meninjau indikator sebelumnya melalui tinjauan pustaka, yang kemudian akan divalidasi dengan metode AHP untuk menentukan pembobotan. Terdapat 4 kategori responden yaitu, professional expert, akademisi, instansi dan pihak bank sampah. Kajian ini menghasilkan tiga komponen, tiga belas indikator dan enam puluh satu sub-indikator teridentifikasi. Berdasarkan hasil AHP, bobot dari masing-masing komponen adalah Sistem Manajemen (40%), Sistem Operasional  (30%) dan Fasilitas Bank Sampah (30%). Jumlah indikator dari masing-masing komponen berkisar 4-5 indikator dengan bobot 15%-35%. Adapun sub indikator memiliki jumlah berkisar 2-8 dengan bobot 10%-50%.  Kata Kunci : Bank Sampah, Indeks, Metode AHP, Komponen, Indikator, Sub-IndikatorAbstractWaste bank is one application of waste management by utilizing waste that is considered having re-sellvalues, which at the end can be used to reduce the waste dumped into landfill. Thus, a tool to assess the readiness of a waste bank to function at a city-scale is needed.This study aims to refine the previous index. This was done by first, reviewing previous indicator through literature review, which was then verified by the application of the AHP method which was usedwas also used to determine the weights for each indicator. The respondents for AHP applications were selected from four categories which were garbage expert, academics, intitutions and management representatives of waste bank. At the end of the study, three components, thirteen indicators and sixty one sub-indicators were identified. The name of the components and their respective weights are Management System (55%), Operating System (25%) and Waste Bank Facility (20%). The number of indicators from each components ranged from 4 to 5 indicators with the weights range from 15% to 35%. As for the sub indicators, they range from 2 to 8 sub indicators with the weights between 10% to 50%.  Kata Kunci : Waste Bank, Index, AHP Method, Components, Indicators, Sub-Indicators
Senyawa Toksik Pencemar Udara: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Authors: HASAN NIA YUNIARTI
Published: June 2020

AbstrakPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) merupakan kelompok senyawa bersifat karsinogenik atau mutagenik, terutama benzo[a]pyrene. PAHs tersebar  melalui proses dispersi atmosfer, sehingga dapat ditemukan di daerah yang jauh dari sumbernya. Sumber PAHs antara lain emisi batu bara, produksi aluminium, pemanas rumah, kegiatan memasak, kendaraan bermotor, kebakaran hutan, pembangkit listrik batubara dan pembakaran sampah. Deposisi kering, deposisi basah dan penguapan dari air serta tanah merupakan  proses pertukaran PAHs udara, air, udara dan tanah. Paparan PAHs pada manusia terjadi melalui pernafasan, mulut dan penyerapan kulit. PAHs pada partikel-partikel udara kurang dari 10 µm (PM10) dapat terhirup dan selanjutnya terakumulasi pada sistem pernapasan manusia, sehingga menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan manusia. Baku mutu udara ambien senyawa toksik PAHs perlu ditetapkan untuk melindungi kesehatan masyarakat.Kata kunci: benzo[a]pyrene, karsinogenik, deposisi AbstractPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of carcinogenic or mutagenic compounds, especially benzo[a]pyrene. PAHs are dispersed by atmospheric processes and found in the receptor area far from their sources. Coal emissions, aluminum production, home heating, cooking activities, motor vehicles, forest fires, coal-fired power plants and waste burning generate PAH emission. Meanwhile, PAHs exchanging process in air, water and soil occurs due to dry deposition, wet deposition and evaporation of water and soil.  PAHs exposure to human body have several pathways  through inhalation, ingestion and skin contact. PAHs in airborne particles of less than 10 µm (PM10) can be inhaled, subsequently accumulated in the human respiratory system, and cause human health problems. Ambient air quality standards for PAHs toxic compounds have to be established to protect public health.Keywords: benzo[a]pyrene, carcinogenic, deposition
Evaluasi Perencanaan Sistem Penyaluran Drainase di Kelurahan Jurumudi Kecamatan Benda Kota Tangerang
Authors: FURQON MULYA MIRZA KHOERUN , WARDHANI EKA , KRAMAWIJAYA AGUNG GHANI
Published: June 2020

AbstrakBerdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Kota Tangerang nomor 6 Tahun 2012 Tentang RTRW, Kelurahan Jurumudi termasuk dalam kawasan rawan banjir. Terdapat dua titik banjir yaitu Jalan Permata Bandara dan Jalan Pergudangan. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan membandingan dimensi saluran eksisting dan rencana. Tahapan perencanaan meliputi analisis CHHM dengan Metode Gumbel, Log Pearson III, dan Iwai Kedoya. Analisis intensitas hujan dilakukan dengan Metode Van Breen, Bell-Tanimoto, dan Hasper der Weduwen melalui pendekatan matematis persamaan Talbot, Sherman, dan Ishiguro. Perhitungan debit rencana dilakukan dengan metode rasional. Perhitungan dimensi saluran dilakukan berdasarkan persamaan Manning. Hasil dari perencanaan dimensi rencana yaitu 50x30 cm – 240x80 cm. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa saluran pada Jalan Permata Bandara dan Jalan Pergudangan tidak memadai karena saluran drainase eksiting kurang dari rencana.Kata kunci: Banjir, Dimensi Saluran, Kelurahan JurumudiAbstractAccording to Tangerang City Regional Regulation number 6 of 2012 about Regional Spatial Planning, Kelurahan Jurumudi is categorized as flood-prone areas. There are two flooding points which are Permata Bandara Street and Pergudangan Street. Evaluation is done by comparing the existing dimensions and dimensions of planning results. The steps include Flood Frequency Analysis with Gumbel, Log Pearson III, and Iwai Kedoya methods. Rain intensity analysis is carried out by the Van Breen, Bell-Tanimoto, and Hasper der Weduwen methods through a mathematical approach of Talbot, Sherman, and Ishiguro equations. Flowrate calculation plan is done with rational method. Calculation of channel dimensions is done based on the Manning equation. The planning result shows 50x30 cm – 240x80 cm of dimensions. The evaluation result shows that the channels on Permata Bandara Street and Pergudangan Street are inadequate because the existing drainage channels are less than what has been planned.Kata kunci: Flood, Channels Dimension, Kelurahan Jurumudi
Pemilihan Alternatif Jaringan Distribusi di Kelurahan Batununggal dan Mengger, Kecamatan Bandung Kidul, Kota Bandung
Authors: HAKASPENO ALYES HAKASPENO , S.DJ RACHMAWATI
Published: June 2020

AbstrakKelurahan Batununggal dan Mengger merupakan daerah cakupan pelayanan PDAM Tirtawening, dengan jumlah penduduk pada tahun 2016 sebanyak 29.190 jiwa. Walaupun tingkat pelayanan jaringan distribusi air minum daerah tersebut sebesar 24%, tetapi pipa eksisting merupakan pipa asbes yang tua. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan perencanaan baru agar daerah tersebut dapat terlayani oleh jaringan PDAM dengan memanfaatkan sumber air dari IPA Cikalong. Periode perencanaan adalah 20 tahun, sampai dengan tahun 2039. Proyeksi total kebutuhan air rata-rata untuk tahun 2039 adalah sebesar 80,13 l/dtk. Perencanaan jaringan distribusi dilakukan dengan membuat 3 alternatif jaringan. Dari ketiga alternatif ini dipilih salah satu alternatif terbaik secara hidrolis dengan menggunakan metode Weight Ranking Technique (WRT). Analisis hidrolis dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi Epanet 2.0, yang mengacu kepada kriteria sesuai dengan Permen PU No.18 Tahun 2007. Alternatif terpilih untuk wilayah perencanaan adalah alternatif ke-3, yaitu yang menggunakan pola gabungan (cabang dan loop). Dari hasil analisis hidrolis diperoleh sisa tekan, kecepatan aliran, dan headloss sebesar berturut-turut 15,89 m – 41,60 m,  0,33 m/dtk – 2,08 m/dtk dan  9,88 m/km. Pipa yang digunakan adalah jenis High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) SDR 17 PN 10. Kata Kunci: Air Minum, Analisis Hidrolis, Jaringan Distribusi.AbstractBatununggal and Mengger Sub-Districts are areas that meet the services of the Tirtawening PDAM, with a total population in 2016 of 29,190 people. Although the service level of the drinking water distribution network is 24%, the existing pipes are old asbestos pipes. Therefore, new planning needs to be done so that it can be served by PDAMs using sources from the Cikalong WTP. The planning period is 20 years, until 2039. The projected total average air demand for 2039 is 80.13 l / sec. Distribution network planning is done by making 3 alternative networks. From one of these alternatives Choose one of the best alternatives using the Weight Ranking Technique (WRT) method. Hydraulic analysis is carried out using the Epanet 2.0 application, which refers to criteria in accordance with Permen PU No.18 of 2007. The alternative chosen for regional planning is the 3rd alternative, which uses a pattern combination (branch and loop). From the results of the hydraulic analysis the remaining compressive pressures, flow velocity, and headloss were agreed at 15.89 m - 41.60 m, 0.33 m / sec - 2.08 m / sec and 9.88 m / km. The pipe used is the type of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) SDR 17 PN 10. Keywords: Drinking Water, Hydraulic Analysis, Distribution Networks.
Penentuan Daerah Prioritas di Wilayah Pelayanan Bandung Utara Berdasarkan Parameter Fungsi dan Nilai Daerah
Authors: SEPTIANI PEPIN , AINUN SITI
Published: June 2020

AbstrakWilayah Pelayanan (WP) Bandung Utara merupakan salah satu wilayah pelayanan sampah di Kota Bandung yang terdiri dari 7 kecamatan dan 31 kelurahan dengan karakteristik yang beragam. Tujuan studi ini menentukan daerah prioritas di WP Bandung Utara berdasarkan parameter fungsi dan nilai daerah pada SNI 19-2454-2002. Studi dilakukan dengan menentukan kriteria penilaian, identifikasi sumber dan jenis data yang tersedia, dan penentuan data yang digunakan, menyusun penilaian penentuan daerah prioritas dengan pembuatan standar kelas penilaian dan skoring, pembobotan nilai akhir dan pembuatan peta daerah prioritas. Daerah prioritas 1 yaitu Kelurahan Pasteur, Sukagalih, Citarum dan Tamansari. Daerah prioritas 2 yaitu Kelurahan Lebak Gede, Sadang Serang, Sekeloa, Gegerkalong, Sarijadi, Sukabungah, Cihaurgeulis, Sukaluyu, Cikutra dan Cihapit, daerah prioritas 3 yaitu Kelurahan Ciumbuleuit, Hegarmanah, Ledeng, Cipaganti, Dago, Lebak Siliwangi, Isola, Sukarasa, Cipedes, Sukawarna, Cigadung, Neglasari, Cicadas Padasuka, Pasirlayung, Sukamaju, dan Sukapada.Kata kunci: Wilayah pelayanan , Fungsi dan nilai daerahAbstractService Area North Bandung is one of the areas of waste management services in Bandung, which consists of 7 districts and includes 31 villages with various characteristics. The purpose of this study was to determine priority areas in North Bandung WP by parameter function and values based on SNI 19-2454-2002. The study was done by determination of the assessment criteria, identification of sources and types of data available, and the determination of the data used, then make assessment determining the priority areas to manufacture class standards of assessment and scoring, weighting the value of the final and mapping areas of priority. The priority area 1 of waste management services were the Village Pasteur, Sukagalih, Citarum and Tamansari. The priority area 2 comprised the Village Lebak Gede, Sadang Serang, Sekeloa, Gegerkalong, Sarijadi, Sukabungah, Cihaurgeulis, Sukaluyu, Cikutra and Cihapit. The priority area 3 consisted of the Village Ciumbuleuit, Hegarmanah, Ledeng, Cipaganti, Dago, Lebak Siliwangi, Isola, Sukarasa, Cipedes, Sukawarna, Cigadung, Neglasari, Cicadas Padasuka, Pasirlayung, Sukamaju, and Sukapada.Keywords: The area of services, functions and value of the area
Inventarisasi Emisi Pencemar Kriteria dan Gas Rumah Kaca dari Sektor Transportasi On-Road di Kota Bandung menggunakan Model International Vehicle Emissions (IVE)
Authors: DEWANTO BILLY YOGA , DIRGAWATI MILA , PERMADI DIDIN AGUSTIAN
Published: June 2020

AbstrakPerkembangan Kota Bandung berimplikasi terhadap pesatnya pertumbuhan aktivitas transportasi. Akibatnya, terjadi peningkatan emisi kendaraan bermotor secara kontinu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi beban emisi pencemar kriteria dan gas rumah kaca dari sektor transportasi on-road di Kota Bandung, khususnya untuk truk. Estimasi beban emisi diperoleh dari hasil simulasi model IVE untuk menghasilkan faktor emisi lokal komposit disertai dengan pembaruan pada jumlah registrasi seluruh jenis kendaraan di Kota Bandung. Beban emisi total tahunan paling dominan yang dihasilkan dari aktivitas transportasi di Kota Bandung tahun 2019 yakni 5.286.612,81 ton/tahun (94,48%) CO2; 254.378,9 ton/tahun (4,55%) CO; dan 35.501,65 ton/tahun (0,63%) NOx dengan kontribusi terbesar berasal dari (98,9%) emisi running. Moda transportasi yang menyumbang proporsi emisi total terbesar berasal dari 43,4% mobil pribadi, 27,8% truk, 17,1% sepeda motor, dan 10,1% berasal dari bus.Kata kunci: Aktivitas Transportasi, Model International Vehicle Emissions (IVE), Beban EmisiAbstractThe development of Bandung city has affected the level of community mobilization needs, which has implications for the rapid growth of transportation activities. As a result, an increase in motor vehicle emissions continues to have an impact on decreasing air quality in Bandung city. This study aims to estimate emission load of criteria pollutant and greenhouse gases from the on-road transportation sector, especially for trucks. Emission load estimates are obtained from the results of the IVE model simulation to generate composite local emission factors accompanied by updates on current registration numbers of vehicles in Bandung city. The most dominant total annual emission load generated from all type of fleets in Bandung city in 2019 was 5,286,612.81 tons/year (94.48%) CO2; 254,378.9 tons/year (4.55%) CO; and 35,501.65 tons/year (0.63%) NOx, with the largest contribution coming from running emissions. Major transportation modes that accounted for the largest proportion of total emissions came from 43.4% of private cars, 27.8% of trucks, 17.1% of motorbikes and 10.1% of buses. Keywords: Transportation Activities, International Vehicle Emissions (IVE) Model, Emission Load
Life cycle and eco-friendly management of Chinese fruit fly (Bactrocera minax) in sweet orange (Citrus sinesis Osbeck) in Nepal
Authors: Sharma Prakriti , Dahal Bhishma Raj
Published: June 2020

Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) is a highly profitable fruit crop of Nepal. However, for the past five years, farmers experienced poor productivity partly attributed to the severe infestation of exotic Chinese fruit fly (Bactorcera minax), particularly in Sindhuli and Ramechhap district of Nepal. In this context, we attempted to review on identification, life cycle, and eco-friendly management of Chinese fruit fly. The review is documented based on a field visit and relevant works of literature from Journal articles, books, pamphlets, etc. The Chinese fruit fly has tremendous ability to take a long-range flight, thus,  migrated from China to Bhutan and crossing the Indo-Nepal eastern border, finally reached to eastern mid-hills of Nepal.  Moderate temperature and low humidity of mid-hills of Nepal are favorable for the exponential growth of the pest. Being sweet orange most preferable commodity, the host range of the fly includes almost all the citrus fruits. The fly has damaged 20-50% of the fruit every year and resulted in a loss of millions of rupees.  Therefore various pest management practices can be deployed for sustainable eco-friendly management of the pest. The Chinese fruit fly can be successfully managed by hydrolase protein baits, regular pruning, augmentation of bio-control agents, and using soft systemic insecticides. Various other options for the management of Chinese fruit fly are also discussed with their biological efficacy for the sustainable and eco-friendly management of pests.
Boron in crop production from soil to plant system: A review
Authors: Singh Anil Kumar , Singh Alok Kumar , Singh Jay Prakash
Published: June 2020

The deficiency of boron is spreading rapidly in Indian soils. Boron deficiency in crops is more widespread than deficiency of any other essential micronutrient. However, imbalanced or excess use of boron fertilizers found to impose negative impact on crops due to very narrow range of boron deficiency and toxicity in soil and plants which increases production cost also. Therefore, optimized boron fertilizer supply in boron deficient soils is important in order to attain normal crop growth, yield and high-quality produce.  It this review the role of boron in crop production, its deficiency in crop plants has been discussed.
Organic farming in Nepal: A viable option for food security and agricultural sustainability
Authors: Parajuli Sovit , Shrestha Jiban , Ghimire Sabita
Published: June 2020

Increasing use of agrochemicals, higher production cost and deterioration of ecosystem health have advocated the need to change the traditional and external input using agriculture towards safe and sustainable organic production. The article reviewed on general overview of organic agriculture in Nepal. The article aims to put light on the current scenario of the dawdling-paced organic agriculture and the options to revive the pesticide dominated conventional agriculture. Promotion of organic agriculture was first appeared as a priority in the10th Five Year Plan of the Government of Nepal. Now it has been embedded in the national agricultural policy. Organic agriculture provides benefits in terms of environmental protection, conservation of nonrenewable resources, improved food quality, improve health status and the reorientation of agriculture towards areas of market demand. Various institutions, individuals and farmers are engaging in organic farming. Nepal is exporting organic products to international markets. The adoption of organic agriculture increases agricultural production and improves soil health and consumer health and seems a better option in countries like ours where fortunately integrated crop-livestock system is still prevalent. It is found to be viable option for better livelihood in the context of Nepal. Because the haphazard pesticide use has marred the conventional agriculture, all these contexts gesture this system to be scrutinize thoroughly and supplanted by organic farming system as a viable option towards food security and agricultural sustainability.