bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Release of TGF-β3 from Surface-Modified PCL Fiber Mats Triggers a Dose-Dependent Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Berten-Schunk Leonie , Roger Yvonne , Bunjes Heike , Hoffmann Andrea
Published: April 2023

The design of implants for tissue transitions remains a major scientific challenge. This is due to gradients in characteristics that need to be restored. The rotator cuff in the shoulder, with its direct osteo-tendinous junction (enthesis), is a prime example of such a transition. Our approach towards an optimized implant for entheses is based on electrospun fiber mats of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) as biodegradable scaffold material, loaded with biologically active factors. Chitosan/tripolyphosphate (CS/TPP) nanoparticles were used to load transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) with increasing loading concentrations for the regeneration of the cartilage zone within direct entheses. Release experiments were performed, and the concentration of TGF-β3 in the release medium was determined by ELISA. Chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) was analyzed in the presence of released TGF-β3. The amount of released TGF-β3 increased with the use of higher loading concentrations. This correlated with larger cell pellets and an increase in chondrogenic marker genes (SOX9, COL2A1, COMP). These data were further supported by an increase in the glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-to-DNA ratio of the cell pellets. The results demonstrate an increase in the total release of TGF-β3 by loading higher concentrations to the implant, which led to the desired biological effect.
Stability of Oral Liquid Dosage Forms in Pediatric Cardiology: A Prerequisite for Patient’s Safety—A Narrative Review
Authors: Jîtcă Carmen-Maria , Jîtcă George , Ősz Bianca-Eugenia , Pușcaș Amalia , Imre Silvia
Published: April 2023

The development of safe and effective pediatric formulations is essential, especially in therapeutic areas such as pediatric cardiology, where the treatment requires multiple dosing or outpatient care. Although liquid oral dosage forms are considered the formulation of choice given the dose flexibility and acceptability, the compounding practices are not endorsed by the health authorities, and achieving stability can be problematic. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the stability of liquid oral dosage forms used in pediatric cardiology. An extensive review of the literature has been performed, with a particular focus on cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, by consulting the current studies indexed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, PLoS One, and Google Scholar databases. Regulations and guidelines have been considered against the studies found in the literature. Overall, the stability study is well-designed, and the critical quality attributes (CQAs) have been selected for testing. Several approaches have been identified as innovative in order to optimize stability, but opportunities to improve have been also identified, such as in-use studies and achieving dose standardization. Consequently, the information gathering and the results of the studies can be translated into clinical practice in order to achieve the desired stability of liquid oral dosage forms.
Cerium End-Deposited Gold Nanorods-Based Photoimmunotherapy for Boosting Tumor Immunogenicity
Authors: Feng Yanlin , Xu Yumei , Wen Zhaoyang , Ning Xin , Wang Jianlin , Wang Deping , Cao Jimin , Zhou Xin
Published: April 2023

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) was closely related to high metastatic risk and mortality and has not yet found a targeted receptor for targeted therapy. Cancer immunotherapy, especially photoimmunotherapy, shows promising potential in TNBC treatment because of great spatiotemporal controllability and non-trauma. However, the therapeutic effectiveness was limited by insufficient tumor antigen generation and the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Methods: We report on the design of cerium oxide (CeO2) end-deposited gold nanorods (CEG) to achieve excellent near-infrared photoimmunotherapy. CEG was synthesized through hydrolyzing of ceria precursor (cerium acetate, Ce(AC)3) on the surface of Au nanorods (NRs) for cancer therapy. The therapeutic response was first verified in murine mammary carcinoma (4T1) cells and then monitored by analysis of the anti-tumor effect in xenograft mouse models. Results: Under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, CEG can efficiently generate hot electrons and avoid hot-electron recombination to release heat and form reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering immunogenic cell death (ICD) and activating part of the immune response. Simultaneously, combining with PD-1 antibody could further enhance cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration. Conclusions: Compared with CBG NRs, CEG NRs showed strong photothermal and photodynamic effects to destroy tumors and activate a part of the immune response. Combining with PD-1 antibody could reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment and thoroughly activate the immune response. This platform demonstrates the superiority of combination therapy of photoimmunotherapy and PD-1 blockade in TNBC therapy.
Local Delivery and Controlled Release Drugs Systems: A New Approach for the Clinical Treatment of Periodontitis Therapy
Authors: Amato Mariacristina , Santonocito Simona , Polizzi Alessandro , Tartaglia Gianluca Martino , Ronsivalle Vincenzo , Viglianisi Gaia , Grippaudo Cristina , Isola Gaetano
Published: April 2023

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the gums characterized by the degeneration of periodontal ligaments, the formation of periodontal pockets, and the resorption of the alveolar bone, which results in the destruction of the teeth’s supporting structure. Periodontitis is caused by the growth of diverse microflora (particularly anaerobes) in the pockets, releasing toxins and enzymes and stimulating the immune system. Various approaches, both local and systemic, have been used to treat periodontitis effectively. Successful treatment depends on reducing bacterial biofilm, bleeding on probing (BOP), and reducing or eliminating pockets. Currently, the use of local drug delivery systems (LDDSs) as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing (SRP) in periodontitis is a promising strategy, resulting in greater efficacy and fewer adverse effects by controlling drug release. Selecting an appropriate bioactive agent and route of administration is the cornerstone of a successful periodontitis treatment plan. In this context, this review focuses on applications of LDDSs with varying properties in treating periodontitis with or without systemic diseases to identify current challenges and future research directions.
From Identity to Ambugity: Exploring Interprofessional Collaboration Opportunities for Pharmacists in Rural and Remote Australia
Authors: Taylor Selina , Franich Alannah , Jones Sophie , Glass Beverley D.
Published: April 2023

Rural and remote populations are predisposed to poorer health outcomes, largely associated with limited access to health services and health professionals. This disparity provides an opportunity for health professionals to work collaboratively in interdisciplinary teams to deliver improved health outcomes for rural and remote communities. This study aims to explore exercise physiologist and podiatrist perceptions of interprofessional practice opportunities with pharmacists. Role theory provided a framework for this qualitative study. Interviews were conducted, recorded, transcribed, and thematically analysed according to the constructs of role theory (role identity, role sufficiency, role overload, role conflict, and role ambiguity). The perceptions of participants varied, largely due to the lack of understanding of the role and scope of the practice of a pharmacist. Participants acknowledged and adopted a flexible approach to the way in which they delivered health services to meet the needs of the community. They also described a more “generalist” approach to care, owing to the high prevalence of disease and disease complexity, along with a lack of staffing and resources. The potential for increased interprofessional collaboration was supported and identified as a strategy to manage significant workloads and provide improved patient healthcare. The application of role theory to this qualitative study provides insight into perceptions of interprofessional practice that may inform future development of remote practice models of care.
Pharmacists’ Perceptions on Nutritional Counseling of Oral Nutritional Supplements in the Community Pharmacy: An Exploratory Qualitative Study
Authors: Gregório João , Tavares Patricia , Alves Emilia
Published: April 2023

Malnutrition has important health impacts, especially in the elderly. Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) are effective strategies to help balance the nutritional needs of malnourished persons. Multiple ONS are available at community pharmacies, enabling pharmacists to have the possibility to implement strategies for prevention and monitoring of malnourished patients. The aim of this study was to characterize the experience of community pharmacists with the counseling and follow-up of users of ONS. A sample of 19 pharmacists from 19 different community pharmacies were interviewed. Apart from dispensing ONS to support patients that are preparing for diagnostic tests, the most frequently mentioned clinical condition for ONS counseling was malnutrition and dysphagia. When pharmacists consider dispensing ONS, three themes emerge: patient care, related to counselling tailored ONS to each patient’s needs; interprofessional collaboration, with a special focus in the collaboration with registered dietitians; and training and education on ONS, looking to improve their knowledge and skills in ONS counselling and follow-up. Future studies exploring new forms of interaction between pharmacists and dietitians in this context should be developed, aiming to determine the workflow of an interdisciplinary service addressing the needs of community dwelling malnourished patients.
Systematic Analysis of a Modified Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photodiode under High-Power Operating Conditions
Authors: Xiong Wanshu , Peng Zhangwan , Yao Ruoyun , Guo Qianwen , Chi Chaodan , Ji Chen
Published: April 2023

We theoretically analyzed the detailed carrier transport process based on the drift-diffusion model in the InGaAs/InP modified Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photodiode (MUTC-PD) under high optical input power conditions. A high-speed MUTC-PD design was simulated in depth using the commercial simulation software APSYS. The complex interplay between photo-electron and hole transport processes was quantitatively analyzed. The slowdown of hole transit time due to E field reduction in the undoped InGaAs absorber layer dominated the response speed of MUTC-PDs at a high optical power level. The optimized MUTC-PD design has a relatively strong dependence on optical power level. Based on an optimized design, an O–E conversion responsivity around 0.15 A/W and the intrinsic 3 dB bandwidth of 172 GHz were demonstrated when the input optical power density reached 20 mW/μm2. Our simulation analysis results presented here can be utilized for designing broadband MUTC-PDs in future sub-Terahertz free-space data link applications.
High Performance Dual-Core D-Shaped PCF Refractive Index Sensor Coated with Gold Grating
Authors: Ying Yu , Xia You , Cheng Siyu , Shan Dan , Gao Zhijun , Si Guangyuan , Tian Xiaoxi
Published: April 2023

In this study, a dual−core D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) surface plasmon resonance sensor coated with gold grating is designed and analyzed using the finite-element method (FEM). The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect between the fiber core modes and surface plasmon polariton (Spp) modes is used to measure the analyte refractive index. The effects of the PCF structure parameters (polishing depths, large holes, and small holes) and grating parameters (grating heights, grating periods, and grating duty) are discussed, and a two-feature interrogation method that combines wavelength and intensity interrogations is introduced to enhance the resolution. The results show that the grating and dual-core play important roles in enhancing the sensor properties. The proposed sensor achieves an average wavelength sensitivity of 994.5 nm/RIU when the analyte refractive index increases from 1.33 to 1.37. Furthermore, a maximum amplitude sensitivity of 181.049 RIU−1 is obtained. The two-feature interrogation is determined to have a resolution of 2.03 × 10−6 RIU, which is better than the wavelength and amplitude interrogations. The proposed sensor has a good sensing performance and is highly suitable for practical applications.
Measurement of the Temperature Dependence of Polarization Switching in Gain-Switched VCSELs for Quantum Random Number Generation
Authors: Rivero Iván , Lázaro del Pozo Alfonso , Valle-Miñón Marcos , Quirce Ana , Valle Angel
Published: April 2023

We report an experimental study of the effect of the temperature of the VCSEL on the probability of excitation of a linearly polarized mode when gain-switching the device. We consider different modulation frequencies and amplitudes. We show that the probability of excitation of a linearly polarized mode significantly changes with the value of the temperature of the device. We also show that for low values of the temperature the probability of excitation saturates to a constant value as the amplitude of the modulation increases. This extends our previous results obtained at larger temperatures for which that saturation was not observed. We identify situations in which the distributions of the linearly polarized signals at a sampling time are approximately uniform. For these cases we evaluate the quality of the random numbers by using statistical test.
Beam Properties of a Partially Coherent Beam Propagating Horizontally in Atmospheric Turbulence
Authors: Wu Zengyan , Feng Zhejun , Ye Shubing , Song Baoming , Wei Runxi , Yu Chaoran
Published: April 2023

This study explored the impact of atmospheric turbulence on partially coherent light propagation. Atmospheric turbulence causes random modulation of the intensity and phase of light, resulting in a speckle pattern in the far field. This study focused on partially coherent Gaussian Schell model beams and derived an analytical expression of the cross-spectral density function for their transmission through atmospheric turbulence, based on the generalized Huygens–Fresnel principle and the Tatarski spectrum model. Numerical simulations were used to investigate the effects of the source parameters and turbulence strength on the intensity distribution, beam width, and coherence length of partially coherent light in horizontal atmospheric transmission. The results demonstrate that diffraction-induced broadening primarily affects the intensity distribution of light in free-space transmission. Short transmission distances in atmospheric turbulence have comparable characteristics to those in a vacuum; however, as the turbulence intensity and transmission distance increase, the beam broadening effect amplifies, and the coherence length is reduced. The findings are relevant to the design of acquisition, pointing, and tracking systems for wireless laser communication systems and offer insights into the optimization of optical systems for atmospheric conditions.
Assessment the Impacts of Sea-Level Changes on Mangroves of Ceará-Mirim Estuary, Northeastern Brazil, during the Holocene and Anthropocene
Authors: Nunes Sérgio. P. D. Q. , França Marlon C. , Cohen Marcelo C. L. , Pessenda Luiz C. R. , Rodrigues Erika S. F. , Magalhães Evandro A. S. , Silva Fernando A. B.
Published: April 2023

Predictions of the effects of modern Relative Sea-Level (RSL) rise on mangroves should be based on decadal-millennial mangrove dynamics and the particularities of each depositional environment under past RSL changes. This work identified inland and seaward mangrove migrations along the Ceará-Mirim estuary (Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil) during the mid–late Holocene and Anthropocene based on sedimentary features, palynological, and geochemical (δ13C, δ15N, C/N) data integrated with spatial-temporal analysis based on satellite images. The data indicated three phases for the mangrove development: (1°) mangrove expansion on tidal flats with estuarine organic matter between >4420 and ~2870 cal yrs BP, under the influence of the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand; (2°) mangrove contraction with an increased contribution of C3 terrestrial plants between ~2870 and ~84 cal yrs BP due to an RSL fall, and (3°) mangrove expansion onto the highest tidal flats since ~84 cal yr BP due to a relative sea-level rise. However, significant mangrove areas were converted to fish farming before 1984 CE. Spatial-temporal analysis also indicated a mangrove expansion since 1984 CE due to mangrove recolonization of shrimp farming areas previously deforested for pisciculture. This work mainly evidenced a trend of mangrove expansion due to RSL rise preceding the effects of anthropogenic emissions of CO2 in the atmosphere and the resilience of these forests in the face of anthropogenic interventions.
Studies on the Application of Polyimidobenzimidazole Based Nanofiber Material as the Separation Membrane of Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Lu Yu-Hsiang , Huang Yu-Chang , Wang Yen-Zen , Ho Ko-Shan
Published: April 2023

Aromatic polyimide has good mechanical properties and high-temperature resistance. Based on this, benzimidazole is introduced into the main chain, and its intermolecular (internal) hydrogen bond can increase mechanical and thermal properties and electrolyte wettability. Aromatic dianhydride 4,4′-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) and benzimidazole-containing diamine 6,6′-bis [2-(4-aminophenyl)benzimidazole] (BAPBI) were synthesized by means of a two-step method. Imidazole polyimide (BI-PI) was used to make a nanofiber membrane separator (NFMS) by electrospinning process, using its high porosity and continuous pore characteristics to reduce the ion diffusion resistance of the NFMS, enhancing the rapid charge and discharge performance. BI-PI has good thermal properties, with a Td5% of 527 °C and a dynamic mechanical analysis Tg of 395 °C. The tensile strength of the NFMS increased from 10.92MPa to 51.15MPa after being hot-pressed. BI-PI has good miscibility with LIB electrolyte, the porosity of the film is 73%, and the electrolyte absorption rate reaches 1454%. That explains the higher ion conductivity (2.02 mS cm−1) of NFMS than commercial one (0.105 mS cm−1). When applied to LIB, it is found that it has high cyclic stability and excellent rate performance at high current density (2 C). BI-PI (120 Ω) has a lower charge transfer resistance than the commercial separator Celgard H1612 (143 Ω).
A Combined Experimental and Computational (DFT, RDF, MC and MD) Investigation of Epoxy Resin as a Potential Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in a 0.5 M H2SO4 Environment
Authors: Hsissou Rachid , Dahmani Khadija , El Magri Anouar , Hmada Abdelfettah , Safi Zaki , Dkhireche Nadia , Galai Mouhsine , Wazzan Nuha , Berisha Avni
Published: April 2023

In this work, a tetrafunctional epoxy resin entitled 2,3,4,5-tetraglycidyloxy pentanal (TGP) was tested and investigated as a potential corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (MS) in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The corrosion inhibition process for mild steel was employed alongside various techniques, such as potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), temperature effect (TE), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and theoretical approaches (DFT, MC, RDF and MD). Further, the corrosion efficacies obtained at the optimum concentration (10−3 M of the TGP) were 85.5% (EIS) and 88.6% (PDP), respectively. The PDP results indicated that the TGP tetrafunctional epoxy resin acted the same as an anodic inhibitor type in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. SEM and EDS analyses found that the protective layer formed on the MS electrode surface in the presence of TGP could prevent the attack of the sulfur ions. The DFT calculation provided more information regarding the reactivity, geometric properties and the active centers of the corrosion inhibitory efficiency of the tested epoxy resin. RDF, MC and MD simulations showed that the investigated inhibitory resin have a maximum inhibition efficiency in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution.
Substantial Copper (Cu2+) Uptake by Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer and Its Resistance to Acid Leaching and Ion Exchange
Authors: Grba Nenad , Grengg Cyrill , Petronijević Mirjana , Dietzel Martin , Baldermann Andre
Published: April 2023

Geopolymers are inorganic, chemically resistant aluminosilicate-based binding agents, which remove hazardous metal ions from exposed aqueous media. However, the removal efficiency of a given metal ion and the potential ion remobilization have to be assessed for individual geopolymers. Therefore, copper ions (Cu2+) were removed by a granulated, metakaolin-based geopolymer (GP) in water matrices. Subsequent ion exchange and leaching tests were used to determine the mineralogical and chemical properties as well as the resistance of the Cu2+-bearing GPs to corrosive aquatic environments. Experimental results indicate the pH of the reacted solutions to have a significant impact on the Cu2+ uptake systematics: the removal efficiency ranged from 34–91% at pH 4.1–5.7 up to ~100% at pH 11.1–12.4. This is equivalent to Cu2+ uptake capacities of up to 193 mg/g and 560 mg/g in acidic versus alkaline media. The uptake mechanism was governed by Cu2+-substitution for alkalis in exchangeable GP sites and by co-precipitation of gerhardtite (Cu2(NO3)(OH)3) or tenorite (CuO) and spertiniite (Cu(OH)2). All Cu-GPs showed excellent resistance to ion exchange (Cu2+ release: 0–2.4%) and acid leaching (Cu2+ release: 0.2–0.7%), suggesting that tailored GPs have a high potential to immobilize Cu2+ ions from aquatic media.
Valorization of Waste from Argan Seeds for Polyhydroxybutyrate Production Using Bacterial Strains Isolated from Argan Soils
Authors: Aragosa Amina , Specchia Valeria , Frigione Mariaenrica
Published: April 2023

The aim of this work was to study the valorization of argan seed pulp, a waste material obtained from argan oil extraction, for the biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). A new species that showed the metabolic capacity for the conversion of argan waste into the bio-based polymer was isolated from an argan crop located in Teroudant, a southwestern region of Morocco, where the arid soil is exploited for goat grazing. The PHB accumulation efficiency of this new species was compared to the previously identified species 1B belonging to the genus Sphingomonas, and results were reported as dry cell weight residual biomass and PHB final yield measured. Temperature, incubation time, pH, NaCl concentration, nitrogen sources, residue concentrations, and culture medium volumes were analyzed with the aim of obtaining a maximum accumulation of PHB. UV-visible spectrophotometry and FTIR analysis confirmed that PHB was present in the material extracted from the bacterial culture. The results of this wide investigation indicated that the new isolated species 2D1 had a higher efficiency in PHB production compared to the previously identified strain 1B, which was isolated from a contaminated argan soil in Teroudant. PHB final yield of the two bacterial species, i.e., the new isolated and 1B, cultivated under optimal culture conditions, in 500 mL MSM enriched with 3% argan waste, were 21.40% (5.91 ± 0.16 g/L) and 8.16% (1.92 ± 0.23 g/L), respectively. For the new isolated strain, the result of the UV-visible spectrum indicates the absorbance at 248 nm, while the FTIR spectrum showed peaks at 1726 cm−1 and 1270 cm−1: these characteristic peaks indicated the presence of PHB in the extract. The data from the species 1B UV-visible and FTIR spectra were previously reported and were used in this study for a correlation analysis. Furthermore, additional peaks, uncharacteristic of standard PHB, suggest the presence of impurities (e.g., cell debris, solvent residues, biomass residues) that persisted after extraction. Therefore, a further enhancement of the sample purification during extraction is recommended for more accuracy in the chemical characterization. If 470,000 tons of argan fruit waste can be produced annually, and 3% of waste is consumed in 500 mL culture by 2D1 to produce 5.91 g/L (21.40%) of the bio-based polymer PHB, it can be estimated that the amount of putative PHB that can be extracted annually from the total argan fruit waste is about 2300 tons.
Enhanced Activation of Peroxymonosulfate via Sulfate Radicals and Singlet Oxygen by SrCoxMn1−xO3 Perovskites for the Degradation of Rhodamine B
Authors: Shao Penghui , Yin Xiping , Yu Chenyu , Han Shuai , Zhao Baohuai , Li Kezhi , Li Xiang , Yang Zhenyu , Yuan Zhiwei , Shi Qinzhi , Ren Jing , Hu Haiqiang , Cui Kai , Li Tengfei , Jiang Jun
Published: April 2023

Perovskite is of burgeoning interest in catalysis, principally due to such material having high thermal stability, modifiable variability, ferromagnetism, and excellent catalytic performance in peroxomonosulfate (PMS) activation. In this study, the SrCoxMn1−xO3 perovskites with different Mn doping were synthesized by a facile sol-gel method for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to degrade Rhodamine B. The obtained SrCo0.5Mn0.5O3 perovskite exhibited the best catalytic efficiency, as Rhodamine B (40 mg/L) was removed completely within 30 min. In the system of SrCo0.5Mn0.5O3–PMS, several reactive species were produced, among which sulfate radicals and the singlet oxygen mainly contributed to Rhodamine B degradation. The relatively high catalytic performance could be attributed to the coupled redox cycle between Mn and Co, and the abundant oxygen vacancies. Moreover, the SrCo0.5Mn0.5O3 catalyst showed excellent stability and reusability, maintaining a high catalytic activity after several cycling tests. This study demonstrated that the Mn doping of SrCoO3 could not only enhance the B-site activation in SrCo0.5Mn0.5O3 but also enrich the oxygen vacancies, thus improving the efficiency of PMS activation.
Review of Motion Simulation of Particulate Matter in the Respiratory System and Further CFD Simulations on COVID-19
Authors: Zhu Di , Gires Ezanee , Dong Huizhen , Chen Aolin , Ahmad Kamarul Arifin
Published: April 2023

Respirable particulate matter (RSP) is currently very harmful to the human body, potentially causing pulmonary silicosis, allergic rhinitis, acute bronchitis, and pulmonary heart disease. Therefore, the study of the deposition pattern of RSP in the human respiratory system is key in the prevention, treatment, and research of related diseases, whereby the main methods are computer simulation, in vitro solid models, and theoretical analysis. This paper summarizes and analyzes past deposition of RSP in the respiratory tract and also describes them in specific case studies such as COPD and COVID-19 patients, based on the review of the evidence, direction, and focus of future research focusing on simulation, experimentation, and related applications of RSP deposition in the respiratory tract.
Saturation Determination and Fluid Identification in Carbonate Rocks Based on Well Logging Data: A Middle Eastern Case Study
Authors: Guo Jianhong , Ling Zongfa , Xu Xiaori , Zhao Yufang , Yang Chunding , Wei Beilei , Zhang Zhansong , Zhang Chong , Tang Xiao , Chen Tao , Li Gang , Zhao Qing
Published: April 2023

In the Middle East, there remain many technical challenges in the water saturation evaluation of carbonate rocks and the effective identification of reservoir fluid properties. The traditional Archie equation is not applicable to carbonate reservoirs with complex pore structures and varying reservoir space distribution, as there are obvious “non-Archie” phenomena. In this paper, by analyzing the experimental data on the rock resistivity of the target formation in the study area and analyzing the relationship between stratigraphic factors and porosity, the previous fitting method was modified as a result of using the actual data while avoiding the cementation index as a way to improve Archie’s formula to evaluate the water saturation. Based on the improved Archie formula, the mathematical differential operation of water saturation and porosity was carried out using the formation resistivity. The calculation results of irreducible water saturation were used to calibrate the oil layer, and the water layer was calibrated when the water saturation was 100%, allowing for a novel reservoir fluid property identification method. This total differential method can effectively identify the oil-down-to (ODT) and water-up-to (WUT) levels in an oil–water system and then accurately divide the transition zone of the oil–water layer. When this method was applied, the identification results were in good agreement with production conclusions and test data with an accuracy rate of 89.95%. Although the use of geophysical logging data from open-hole wells combined with the total differential method is only applicable to wells with similar logging time and production time, it is possible to compare geophysical logging data from different periods to construct oil–water profiles to observe the changes in ODT over time to guide development and adjust production plans. The proposed reservoir fluid property identification method and the improved water saturation calculation formula can meet the requirements of water saturation evaluation in the target block with low calculation cost and easy implementation, which provides a new method for water saturation evaluation and rapid identification of reservoir fluid properties.
Using the Fuzzy Best Worst Method for Evaluating Strategic Planning Models
Authors: Ajripour Iman , Hanne Thomas
Published: April 2023

During the last few decades, various strategic planning models have been suggested in the literature. It is difficult for a company to decide which of these models is most useful to adopt, as each of them shows different strengths and weaknesses. We consider this problem a multicriteria decision problem and investigate the evaluation of six strategic planning models in the context of smaller and medium-sized manufacturing companies in Iran. We consider a methodology that supports the analysis of the input from several decision-makers based on multiple criteria and assume vagueness in the input data elicited from them. For the purpose considered, the fuzzy best worst method (FBWM) appears appropriate. Based on a literature review, six evaluation criteria for strategic management models are considered: formality, clarity, measurability, objectivity, coverage, and consistency. These criteria are evaluated based on the input provided by thirteen managers using linguistic variables. FBWM is used to provide criteria weights that are used to determine fuzzy scores for the six considered strategic planning models. Finally, a defuzzification of the scores indicates the model by Wright is best suited for the application purpose. A consistency analysis included in FBWM shows that the input provided by the managers is sufficiently consistent.
Studies of Niobium Sorption from Chloride Solutions with the Use of Anion-Exchange Resins
Authors: Ultarakova Almagul , Karshyga Zaure , Lokhova Nina , Yessengaziyev Azamat , Kassymzhanov Kaisar , Mukangaliyeva Arailym
Published: April 2023

This paper presents the results of studies for niobium sorption from chloride solutions with the use of anion-exchange organic sorbents: Amberlite IRA-67, Purolite A-100, AB-17-8, and AN-2FN. Niobium sorption was performed from model niobium-containing solutions. Data on comparative sorption characteristics of the studied sorbents were obtained, and the static exchange capacity of the sorbents, values of distribution coefficients, and extraction degree during the niobium sorption from chloride solutions were calculated. The Purolite A-100 anion-exchange resin exhibited the highest affinity for niobium ions under the conditions studied. Its distribution coefficient was 184 mL/g; the niobium extraction degree was 41.5%. To study the equilibrium sorption of niobium from solution on the Purolite A-100 anionite, three well-known models of isotherms were applied: Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich. The data obtained confirm the good agreement of the Langmuir model with the results of experiments and indicate that the process takes place in a monomolecular layer on the adsorbent having homogeneous adsorption centers. The optimum conditions of niobium sorption by the Purolite A-100 anion-exchange resin were determined as follows: hydrochloric acid concentration—5–10 wt.%, process temperature—35–40 °C, and duration—40–50 min. The calculated activation energy values for niobium sorption from hydrochloric acid solution in the temperature range of 20–50 °C were 25.32 kJ/mol, which corresponds to the intermediate region corresponding to the transition from the diffusion to the kinetic mode.
A Peptide Potential Based on a Bond Dipole Representation of Electrostatics
Authors: Li Yan-Min , Zheng Xiao-Han , Li Chao-Ming , Liu Qi , Wang Lei , Hao Qiang , Wang Chang-Sheng
Published: April 2023

A potential based on a bond dipole representation of electrostatics is reported for peptides. Different from those popular force fields using atom-centered point-charge or point-multipole to express the electrostatics, our peptide potential uses the chemical bond dipole–dipole interactions to express the electrostatic interactions. The parameters for permanent and induced bond dipoles are derived from fitting to the MP2 three-body interaction energy curves. The parameters for van der Waals are taken from AMBER99sb and further refined from fitting to the MP2 stacking interaction energy curve. The parameters for bonded terms are taken from AMBER99sb without any modification. The scale factors for intramolecular dipole–dipole interactions are determined from reproducing the highly qualified ab initio conformational energies of dipeptides and tetrapeptides. The resulting potential is validated by use to evaluate the conformational energies of polypeptides containing up to 15 amino acid residues. The calculation results show that our peptide potential produces the conformational energies much closer to the famous density functional theory M06-2X/cc-pVTZ results than the famous AMBER99sb and AMOEBAbio18 force fields. Our potential also produces accurate intermolecular interaction energies for hydrogen-bonded and stacked dimers. We anticipate the peptide potential proposed here could be helpful in computer simulations of polypeptides and proteins.
Coil High Voltage Spark Plug Boots Insulators Material Selection Using MCDM, Simulation, and Experimental Validation
Authors: Martínez-Gómez Javier , Portilla Jaime Eduardo
Published: April 2023

The examination and choice of an alternate composite material for the high-voltage circuit of Otto cycle internal combustion engines—more commonly known as gasoline engines—are presented in the research that follows. To do this, multicriteria selection procedures are employed, and the outcomes are validated through the use of thermal character simulation software and standard laboratory tests. Nylon is the recommended material for Coils on Plug (COP) high-voltage insulators. Four of the six multicriteria selection techniques utilized in this study were found to be effective. It was discovered through the virtual simulation process that, even in the same environment with the same edge circumstances, the thermal behavior of the materials differs dramatically because the quadrants exhibit different behavior depending on the material. Given that nylon has a lower elasticity modulus than silicone, it was determined that the dimensions are crucial for the nylon Spark Plug Boot (SPB) to comply with the dielectric isolation process. It must have a minimal clearance in order to be related to the geometry of the spark plug and perform the perfect insulation in this manner.
Application of a Full-Scale Horizontal Anaerobic Digester for the Co-Digestion of Pig Manure, Food Waste, Excretion, and Thickened Sewage Sludge
Authors: Park Yongwoon , Khim Jeehyeong , Kim Jong Doo
Published: April 2023

Many laboratory- and pilot-scale studies on anaerobic co-digestion have been conducted in Republic of Korea; however, studies on full-scale demonstration facilities are lacking. This study aimed to present a successful case of a large-scale anaerobic co-digestion facility in Republic of Korea for biogas generation from four organic wastes (pig manure, food waste, excretion, and thickened sewage sludge) using a horizontal anaerobic digester. A preliminary biochemical methane potential test was performed for the individual and mixed organic waste to design a treatment facility for 320 m3/day of organic waste generated in Seosan City. Subsequently, a horizontal anaerobic digester with a 35 day-retention time (based on 320 m3/day input) was constructed. Each organic waste was placed in an anaerobic reactor after pretreatment. The input was gradually increased after the first seeding, and the operation continued for 158 days. Total and volatile solids made up 4.1% and 3.3%, respectively. Throughout the operating period, the digester temperature was maintained at 35–40 °C for mesophilic digestion, and the pH was maintained at 7–8. The average organic matter removal efficiency (volatile solids basis) was 64% and the methane gas production rates were 0.35, 0.6, 0.26, 0.28, and 0.39 Nm3CH4/kg vs. for pig manure, food waste, excretion, thickened sewage sludge, and mixed waste, respectively, resulting in an average methane content of the biogas 68.8%.
Computational Models That Use a Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Approach Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Matsuzaka Yasunari , Uesawa Yoshihiro
Published: April 2023

In the toxicological testing of new small-molecule compounds, it is desirable to establish in silico test methods to predict toxicity instead of relying on animal testing. Since quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) can predict the biological activity from structural information for small-molecule compounds, QSAR applications for in silico toxicity prediction have been studied for a long time. However, in recent years, the remarkable predictive performance of deep learning has attracted attention for practical applications. In this review, we summarize the application of deep learning to QSAR for constructing prediction models, including a discussion of parameter optimization for deep learning.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fiaschè Federica , Kotzalidis Georgios D. , Alcibiade Alessandro , Del Casale Antonio
Published: April 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic was followed by lifestyle changes worldwide [...]
The Laplace Method for Energy Eigenvalue Problems in Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Canfield Jeremy , Galler Anna , Freericks James K.
Published: April 2023

Quantum mechanics has about a dozen exactly solvable potentials. Normally, the time-independent Schrödinger equation for them is solved by using a generalized series solution for the bound states (using the Fröbenius method) and then an analytic continuation for the continuum states (if present). In this work, we present an alternative way to solve these problems, based on the Laplace method. This technique uses a similar procedure for the bound states and for the continuum states. It was originally used by Schrödinger when he solved the wave functions of hydrogen. Dirac advocated using this method too. We discuss why it is a powerful approach to solve all problems whose wave functions are represented in terms of confluent hypergeometric functions, especially for the continuum solutions, which can be determined by an easy-to-program contour integral.
Environmental Analysis of the Incorporation of Sugarcane Bagasse in Medium Density Particleboard Panels through Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Cangussu Nara , Vieira Maria Luiza C. , Maia Lino
Published: April 2023

The growth of civil construction and agroindustry, resulting from population growth, caused an increase in the demand for non-renewable resources and for the exploitation of natural resources. Consequently, it caused a greater generation of waste, causing the current scenario to require alternatives for the reuse of these materials. Particleboard panels, for example, used in civil construction, can add value to waste or materials of low acceptance, such as thinning wood, mechanical wood processing waste or agro-industrial waste. Thus, this study proposed to analyse the life cycle of the sugarcane bagasse, considering the stages of extraction of materials and energy resources until their final disposal. This study aimed to compare impacts generated by the production of particleboards panels produced with wood from plantations (pine) and with the sugarcane bagasse. As a result, a better environmental performance was obtained from the panel composed of sugarcane bagasse, as it generated lower environmental impacts in all impact categories studied. The benefits range from the reduction in waste disposed of in landfills, which increase its useful life, the lower demand for reforestation, with steps that generate atmospheric emissions and degrade the soil.
An Incremental Inverse Reinforcement Learning Approach for Motion Planning with Separated Path and Velocity Preferences
Authors: Avaei Armin , van der Spaa Linda , Peternel Luka , Kober Jens
Published: April 2023

Humans often demonstrate diverse behaviors due to their personal preferences, for instance, related to their individual execution style or personal margin for safety. In this paper, we consider the problem of integrating both path and velocity preferences into trajectory planning for robotic manipulators. We first learn reward functions that represent the user path and velocity preferences from kinesthetic demonstration. We then optimize the trajectory in two steps, first the path and then the velocity, to produce trajectories that adhere to both task requirements and user preferences. We design a set of parameterized features that capture the fundamental preferences in a pick-and-place type of object transportation task, both in the shape and timing of the motion. We demonstrate that our method is capable of generalizing such preferences to new scenarios. We implement our algorithm on a Franka Emika 7-DoF robot arm and validate the functionality and flexibility of our approach in a user study. The results show that non-expert users are able to teach the robot their preferences with just a few iterations of feedback.
Backscattering Characteristics of SAR Images in Damaged Buildings Due to the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake
Authors: Cho Shinki , Xiu Haoyi , Matsuoka Masashi
Published: April 2023

Most research on the extraction of earthquake-caused building damage using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images used building damage certification assessments and the EMS-98-based evaluation as ground truth. However, these methods do not accurately assess the damage characteristics. The buildings identified as Major damage in the Japanese damage certification survey contain damage with various characteristics. If Major damage is treated as a single class, the parameters of SAR images will vary greatly, and the relationship between building damage and SAR images would not be properly evaluated. Therefore, it is necessary to divide Major damage buildings into more detailed classes. In this study, the Major damage buildings were newly classified into five damage classes, to correctly evaluate the relationship between building damage characteristics and SAR imagery. The proposed damage classification is based on Japanese damage assessment data and field photographs, and is classified according to the dominant damage characteristics of the building, such as collapse and damage to walls and roofs. We then analyzed the backscattering characteristics of SAR images for each classified damage class. We used ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 images observed before and after the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in Mashiki Town, where many buildings were damaged by the earthquake. Then, we performed the analysis using two indices, the correlation coefficient R and the coherence differential value γdif, and the damage class. The results indicate that the backscattering characteristics of SAR images show different trends in each damage class. The R tended to decrease for large deformations such as collapsed buildings. The γdif was likely to be sensitive not only to collapsed buildings but also to damage with relatively small deformation, such as distortion and tilting. In addition, it was suggested that the ground displacement near the earthquake fault affected the coherence values.
Temporal Synchrony in Satellite-Derived Ocean Parameters in the Inner Sea of Chiloé, Northern Patagonia, Chile
Authors: Muñoz Richard , Lara Carlos , Arteaga Johny , Vásquez Sebastián I. , Saldías Gonzalo S. , Flores Raúl P. , He Junyu , Broitman Bernardo R. , Cazelles Bernard
Published: April 2023

Spatial synchrony occurs when geographically separated time series exhibit correlated temporal variability. Studies of synchrony between different environmental variables within marine ecosystems worldwide have highlighted the extent of system responses to exogenous large-scale forcing. However, these spatial connections remain largely unstudied in marine systems, particularly complex coastlines, where a paucity of field observations precludes the analysis of time series. Here, we used time-frequency analyses based on wavelet and wavelet coherence (WC) analysis to quantify the synchrony (co-variations) between environmental time series derived from MODIS (moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) in the topographically complex inner sea of Chiloé (ISC, 41–44°S) for the 2003–2022 period. We find that the strength of the synchrony between chlorophyll a (Chla) and turbid river plumes (for which we use remote sensing reflectance at 645 nm, Rrs645) varies between the northern and southern areas of the ISC; higher synchrony, measured as the WC between these variables, is observed along the northern basin where water and particle exchanges with the Pacific Ocean are reduced. The WC analysis showed higher synchrony between these variables, with dominant periodicities of 0.5 and 1 year resulting from the hydrological regime of the freshwater input in the area that persisted throughout the 2004–2018 period. Our results suggest that the strong and significant spatial synchrony at the regional scale is likely related to the phases of large-scale climatic oscillations, as inferred through the partial wavelet coherence analysis. Potential mechanisms driving spatial synchrony are discussed in the context of climate and oceanographic regimes in the area.
Multi-Scale Encoding (MSE) Method with Spectral Shape Information (SSI) for Detecting Marine Oil-Gas Leakages
Authors: Zhao Dong , Tan Bin
Published: April 2023

Remote sensing technologies are suitable for detecting marine oil-gas leakages on a large scale. It is important to structure an accurate method for detecting marine oil-gas leakages in varied remote sensing images. However, traditional spectral indexes have limited applicability. Machine learning methods need plenty of training and testing samples to establish the optimized models, which is too rigorous for satellite images. Thus, we proposed a multi-scale encoding (MSE) method with spectral shape information (SSI) to detect the oil-gas leakages in multi-source remote sensing data. First, the spectral amplitude information (SAI) and SSI of the original spectra were encoded into a series of code words according to the scales. Then, the differential code words of the marine oil-gas leakage objects were extracted from the SAI and SSI code words. Finally, the pixels of the encoded hyperspectral image (HSI) and multispectral image (MSI) would be determined by the differential code words. Seven images captured by different platforms/sensors (Landsat 7, Landsat 8, MODIS, Sentinel 2, Zhuhai-1, and AVIRIS) were used to validate the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results indicated that the MSE method with SSI was convergent and could detect the oil-gas leakages accurately in different images using a small set of samples.