bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prototyping a Chatbot for Student Supervision in a Pre-Registration Process
Authors: Krisnawati Lucia Dwi , Butar-Butar Bill Edward , Virginia Gloria
Published: February 2019

Developing a chatbot becomes a challenging task when it is built from scratch and independent of any Software as a Service (SaaS). Inspired by the idea of freeing lecturers from the burden of answering the same questions repetitively during the pre-registration process, this research has succeeded in building a textbased chatbot system. Further, this research has proved that the combination of keyword spotting technique for the Language Understanding component, Finite-State Transducer (FST) for the Dialogue Management, rulebased keyword matching for language generation, and the system-in-the-loop paradigm for system validation can produce an efficient chatbot. The chatbot efficiency is high enough as its score on Concept Efficiency (CE) reaches 0.946. It shows that users do not need to repeat their utterances several times to be understood. The chatbot performance on recognizing new concepts introduced by users is also more than satisfactory which is presented by its Query Density (QD) score of 0.80.
Factors Affecting Users’ Acceptance of E-Billing System in Surakarta Tax Office
Authors: Nugroho Rino Ardhian , Susilowati Arlyn Dewi , Ambarwati Okki Chandra , Pratiwi Arum
Published: February 2019

This research aimed to analyze factors that affected the acceptance of e-billing system of Surakarta tax office with Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. The survey was done on electronic billing (e-billing) system users in Surakarta. Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLSSEM) was used to analyze the users’ intention in adopting e-billing system. The result indicates that two UTAUT variables (performance expectancy and social influence) affect the system usage significantly. Meanwhile, the other variables like effort expectancy and facilitating conditions do not affect e-billing system adoption in Indonesia.
Conversational Code-Switching among Bilinguals in Junior High School Reunion Event
Authors: Lestari Firnantia Lara
Published: February 2019

The goal of this research was to find out the types of code-switching, and the reason of the participants performs code-switching in the conversation. Research used a qualitative approach. The result shows that three types of code-switching occurs in the conversation among bilingual in the junior high school reunion, they are intra-sentential mixing, intra-lexical code mixing, involving a change of pronunciation. The functions of codeswitching usage are as the marker of changing topic, to show their closeness as an old friend, and to show the close relationship among others. The close relationship between the speakers makes the feel free to switch from one language to another. Furthermore, the switching code also has another function as repetition is used to clarify the utterances of by the speakers. Moreover, the code-switching in the conversation are able to declare the excitement feeling towards a particular topic (the interesting topic) that they are talking about.
Representation of Science, Technology, and Memory of Postwar Japan in Japanese Anime
Authors: Budianto Firman
Published: February 2019

This research discussed the debates over the development of science and technology in postwar Japan portrayed in Tetsujin 28 anime. Most of the notable anime produced in Japan during 1940s to 1980s were closely related with the memory of wartime, as well as the development of science-and-technology. Tetsujin 28, as one of the anime engaged with the memory of postwar Japan, however, had an interesting storyline representing the debates over development of new technology at the period. By using John Fiske’s semiotics analysis, this qualitative research discussed the way Tetsujin 28 initially created by Mitsuteru Yokoyama (1934-2004) represented postwar Japan, as well as the interface between human and new technology developed during the period. The finding shows that postwar Japan represented in this anime is filled with a great sense of optimism in the middle of modernization. Japan is facing the prosperity era whose development is based on science and technology. Furthermore, the existence of Tetsujin 28 and other robotics technology can be seen as a representation of risk following the development of science and technology. On the other hand, the interface between the robot and human being depicted in this anime, in turn, will pave the way for new forms of life and hope for the prosperous nation.
Cina-Surabaya Dialect Spoken to Younger, Same Age, and Older Addressees in Surabaya
Authors: Fadillah Khalis
Published: February 2019

This research focused on the way Tionghoa ethnic people used Cina-Surabaya as the dialect produced by them to speak to a younger, same age, and older addressee. Looking at the differences on how Cina-Surabaya dialect used for the different age gap, the problems of the research were differences in how Tionghoa ethnic people used Cina-Surabaya dialect and how Tionghoa ethnic people used Cina-Surabaya dialect to speak for different age gap. In this research, the researcher applied the descriptive qualitative method with four steps; they were recording the data, organizing the data, transcribing the data, and summarizing or interpreting the findings. The result shows that their dialect has a different pattern in their utterances based on the addressee they are talking. On the linguistics features, they add some prefix and suffixes from the original Javanese language and take it as their language in expressing several words.
The Impact of Translation Techniques on Shifting Meaning of Ordering Speech Act
Authors: Aloojaha Agustina , Nababan M. R. , Djatmika Djatmika
Published: February 2019

This research was a follow-up research from some previous research which had discussed some imperative speech act, but it had not deeply discussed ordering speech act. The research aimed to find out the impact of translation techniques on shifting the meaning of ordering speech. The data were sentences which accommodate ordering speech act taken from the novel “Christ the Lord out of Egypt” and its translation in Indonesian taken from the novel “Kristus Tuhan Meninggalkan Mesir”. The data collected through document analysis, questionnaire, and forum group discussion (FGD). From the findings, there were 15 types of translation techniques which were used in translating, namely, established equivalent, variation, addition, implicit, explicit, adaptation, modulation, pure borrowing, generalization, particularization, transposition, reduction, paraphrase, discursive creation, and naturalized borrowing. The result indicates that the translation techniques that cause shifting meaning of ordering speech act are the addition, reduction, and discursive creation.
Error Analysis on the Use of Affixation in Indonesian Paper Written By Thai Student
Authors: Kalee Susrina , Rasyid Yumna , Muliastuti Liliana
Published: February 2019

This research aimed to describe the form of errors in using affixation in Indonesian Language paper written by Thai students. The data were words and sentences that contained errors. The research was qualitative research using content analysis method. This research used interactive model data analysis through three steps. Those were data reduction, presentation of data, as well as conclusion and verification. The results show that there are some errors; 72 errors in using affixation: 21 or 29% errors in prefix, 9 or 13% errors in suffix, 9 or 13% errors in confix, and 33 or 46% errors klofiks (combination of affixes). The error is caused by two factors; 7% of interlingual errors and intralingual factor including 7% of overgeneralization and 86% of ignorance of rule restriction. However, the results also show that Thai students have not mastered or understood the structure of Indonesian language. The results can be used to develop the techniques of teaching Indonesian structure, especially the use of affixation. Therefore, the Thai students can improve the ability to use Indonesian language by channeling it in academic writing.
A conceptual evaluation framework for the water and sanitation for health facility improvement tool (WASH FIT)
Authors: Weber Nicole , Patrick Molly , Hayter Arabella , Martinsen Andrea L. , Gelting Rick
Published: February 2019

Healthcare facilities (HCFs) in low- and middle-income countries frequently lack water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services that are adequate to implement infection prevention and control (IPC) practices, decrease healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance, and provide quality healthcare. The Water and Sanitation for Health Facility Improvement Tool (WASH FIT), initially published in 2017 and updated in 2018, is a risk-based, continuous improvement framework. The tool aims to improve WASH and related facility management and may contribute to quality of care (QoC) efforts. To date, there is no guidance available on how to monitor and evaluate the use of this tool nor is there rigorous evidence on its effectiveness. We developed a conceptual WASH FIT evaluation framework by drawing from the broader WASH, health systems strengthening, and QoC evidence base. This framework provides a common basis to plan, implement, monitor, and evaluate potential inputs, outputs, outcomes, and impacts from applying WASH FIT. Routine use of the tool, coupled with WASH infrastructure improvements as guided by the tool, can lead to better IPC practices, and may support improvements in occupational safety, QoC, global health security, and ultimately progress towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation).
Heterogeneous sonocatalytic degradation of Bisphenol-A and the influence of the reaction parameters and ultrasonic frequency
Authors: Dükkancı Meral
Published: February 2019

In the present study, the sonocatalytic oxidation of Bisphenol-A (BPA) was investigated in the presence of a LaFeO3 perovskite catalyst. The effects of the reaction temperature, initial pH, catalyst loading, presence of inorganic anions and sonication source (power and frequency) on the removal of BPA using heterogeneous sonocatalytic process were investigated. Under the studied temperature range of 288–318 K, 308 K was selected as the optimum temperature and the highest BPA removal and total oxygen demand (TOC) reduction of, 95.8% and 30.4% were achieved at that temperature. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated in the studied temperature range of 288–308 K. It was seen that an acidic pH of 3.0 was favorable for the BPA oxidation with the highest BPA removal and TOC reduction of 95.4% and 31.5%, respectively. Doubling the catalyst amount from 0.25 g/L to 0.5 g/L increased the BPA removal degree from 81.6% to 90.8%. However, further increase in catalyst amount has no remarkable positive effect on the removal of BPA. The removal of BPA was described by the first order kinetics with an activation energy of 14.9 kJ/mol. The results obtained from this study showed that the LaFeO3 perovskite catalyst was a good sonocatalyst giving high oxidation rates of BPA.
Long-term evaluation of membrane bioreactor inoculated with commercial baker's yeast treating landfill leachate: pollutant removal, microorganism dynamic and membrane fouling
Authors: Brito Gabriela C. B. , Lange Liséte C. , Santos Vera L. , Amaral Míriam C. S. , Moravia Wagner G.
Published: February 2019

In this study, commercial baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was employed as a novel inoculum for a membrane bioreactor (MBRy). It was applied to landfill leachate (LFL) treatment to remove recalcitrant organic compounds as well as for the assimilation of recalcitrant compounds, since yeasts have a high ability to break such compounds down. The MBR was inoculated with 10 g L−1 of commercial baker's yeast and was operated at a hydraulic retention time of 48 h and pH of 3.5. The specific air demand based on the membrane area (SADm) was maintained at 0.6 m3 h−1 m−2. The MBRy achieved chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, NH3, and humic substances removal of 68, 79, 68, and 50%, respectively. Furthermore, the MBRy showed lower fouling potential, which can be attributed to the low extracellular polymeric substances production, as the formation of a cake layer was the major mechanism of membrane fouling. The work demonstrated that novel MBR is a promising technology for treating recalcitrant landfill leachate.
Nanocrystals: An Overview of Fabrication, Characterization and Therapeutic Applications in Drug Delivery
Authors: Pardhi Vishwas P. , Verma Tejesh , Flora S.J.S. , Chandasana Hardik , Shukla Rahul
Published: February 2019

Approximately 40 % drugs in the market are having poor aqueous solubility related problems and 70
% molecules in discovery pipeline are being practically insoluble in water. Nanocrystals is a prominent tool to
solve the issue related to poor aqueous solubility and helps in improving the bioavailability of many drugs as
reported in the literature. Nanocrystals can be prepared by top down methods, bottom up methods and combination
methods. Many patented products such as Nanocrystals®, DissoCubes®, NANOEDGE® and SmartCrystals
®, etc., are available, which are based on these three preparation methodologies. The particle size reduction
resulted into unstable nanocrystalline system and the phenomenon of Ostawald ripening occurs. This instability
issue could be resolved by using an appropriate stabilizers or combination of stabilizers. The nanosuspensions
could be transformed to the solid state to prevent particle aggregation in liquid state by employing various unit
operations such as lyophilisation, spray drying, granulation and pelletisation. These techniques are well known
for their scalability and continuous nanocrystal formation advantages. Nanocrystals can be characterized by using
scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, differential scanning
calorimetry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powdered x- ray diffraction and photon correlation spectroscopy.
The downscaling of nanocrystals will enable rapid optimization of nanosuspension formulation in parallel
screening design of preclinical developmental stage drug moieties. One of the most acceptable advantages of
nanocrystals is their wide range of applicability such as oral delivery, ophthalmic delivery, pulmonary delivery,
transdermal delivery, intravenous delivery and targeting (brain and tumor targeting). The enhancement in market
value of nanocrystals as well as the amount of nanocrystal products in the market is gaining attention to be used
as an approach in order to get commercial benefits.
The Relationship Between Prostate Cancer and Metformin Consumption: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Study
Authors: Ghiasi Bahareh , Sarokhani Diana , Najafi Farid , Motedayen Morteza , Dehkordi Ali Hasanpour
Published: February 2019

Introduction:

Prostate cancer is the most common malignant cancer in men worldwide and after lung
cancer, it is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in men. The purpose of this study was to investigate the
relationship between prostate cancer and metformin consumption in men.

Methods:

The current study is a systematic and meta-analysis review based on the PRISMA statement. To access
the studies of domestic and foreign databases, Iran Medex, SID, Magiran, Iran Doc, Medlib, ProQuest, Science
Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and the Google Scholar search engine were searched during the 2009-
2018 period for related keywords. In order to evaluate the heterogeneity of the studies, Q test and I2 indicator
were used. The data were analyzed using the STATA 15.1 software.

Results:

In 11 studies with a sample size of 877058, the odds ratio of metformin consumption for reducing prostate
cancer was estimated at 0.89 (95%CI: 0.67-1.17). Meta-regression also showed there was no significant relationship
between the odds ratio and the publication year of the study. However, there was a significant relationship
between the odds ratio and the number of research samples.

Conclusion:

Using metformin in men reduces the risk of prostate cancer but it is not statistically significant.
About TFE: Old and New Findings
Authors: Vincenzi Marian , Mercurio Flavia A. , Leone Marilisa
Published: February 2019

The fluorinated alcohol 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol (TFE) has been implemented for many decades now in conformational studies of proteins and peptides. In peptides, which are often disordered in aqueous solutions, TFE acts as secondary structure stabilizer and primarily induces an α -helical conformation. The exact mechanism through which TFE plays its stabilizing roles is still debated and direct and indirect routes, relying either on straight interaction between TFE and molecules or indirect pathways based on perturbation of solvation sphere, have been proposed. Another still unanswered question is the capacity of TFE to favor in peptides a bioactive or a native-like conformation rather than simply stimulate the raise of secondary structure elements that reflect only the inherent propensity of a specific amino-acid sequence. In protein studies, TFE destroys unique protein tertiary structure and often leads to the formation of non-native secondary structure elements, but, interestingly, gives some hints about early folding intermediates. In this review, we will summarize proposed mechanisms of TFE actions. We will also describe several examples, in which TFE has been successfully used to reveal structural properties of different molecular systems, including antimicrobial and aggregation-prone peptides, as well as globular folded and intrinsically disordered proteins.
Targeting Water in the Brain: Role of Aquaporin-4 in Ischemic Brain Edema
Authors: Mamtilahun Muyassar , Tang Guanghui , Zhang Zhijun , Wang Yongting , Tang Yaohui , Yang Guo-Yuan
Published: February 2019

Brain edema primarily occurs as a consequence of various cerebral injuries including ischemic stroke. Excessive accumulation of brain water content causes a gradual expansion of brain parenchyma, decreased blood flow and increased intracranial pressure and, ultimately, cerebral herniation and death. Current clinical treatment for ischemic edema is very limited, therefore, it is urgent to develop novel treatment strategies. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that AQP4, a water channel protein, is closely correlated with brain edema and could be an optimal therapeutic target for the reduction of ischemic brain edema. AQP4 is prevalently distributed in the central nervous system, and mainly regulates water flux in brain cells under normal and pathological conditions. This review focuses on the underlying mechanisms of AQP4 related to its dual role in edema formation and elimination.
Anticancer Activity of Aminoacid Linked Novel 4-Methylumbelliferone Derivatives
Authors: Sinha Manish , Kaur Baljeet , Kaur Amandeep , Kuletha Shruti , Singh Karanveer , Bhatia Rohit
Published: February 2019

Background:

Cancer is a disease of high mortality. The therapeutic agents currently available
are insufficient to cure it and are associated with serious side effects. 4-methylumbelliferone is a natural
product containing benzo-α-pyrones as a central nucleus. Benzo-α-pyrone is a privileged moiety having
multifarious biological activities including anticancer activity. A series of compounds were synthesized
taking 4-methylumbelliferone as a core nucleus and screened for their anticancer activity against HeLa
cancer cell line.

Methods:

The 4-methylumbelliferone was linked with aminoacids using chloroacetyl chloride or ethyl
chloroacetate as linker. The N-methylmorpholine and isobutylchloroformate protocol was used for amidic
coupling. The final compounds were tested against the HeLa cancer cell lines using SRB assay protocol.

Results:

Three compounds have shown significant anticancer activity viz 9a, 12f and 15l having GI50
(µg/ml) value of, 56.1, 30.9 and 50.9, respectively. Other compound 9f and 13 showed weak anticancer
activity having GI50 (µg/ml) value of 97.2 and 71.1, respectively.

Conclusion:

It has been found that the synthesized derivatives have inhibitory effect on the growth of
cancer cell line. Compound 12f has been found as the most active compound of the synthesized series.
Nanocarriers For Vaginal Drug Delivery
Authors: Iqbal Zeenat , Dilnawaz Fahima
Published: February 2019

Background:

Vaginal drug delivery approach represents one of the imperative strategies for local and systemic delivery of drugs. The peculiar dense vascular networks, mucus permeability, and range of physiological characteristics of the vaginal cavity have been exploited for therapeutic benefit. Furthermore, the vaginal drug delivery has been curtailed due to the influence of different physiological factors like acidic pH, constant cervical secretion, microflora, cyclic changes during periods along with turnover of mucus of varying thickness.

Objective:

This review highlights advancement of nanomedicine and its prospective progress towards the clinic.

Methods:

Relevant literature reports and patents related to topics are retrieved and used. Result: The extensive literature search and patent revealed that nanocarriers are efficacious over conventional treatment approaches.

Results:

The extensive literature search and patent revealed that nanocarriers are efficacious over conventional treatment approaches.

Conclusion:

Recently, nanotechnology based drug delivery approach has promised better therapeutic outcomes by providing enhanced permeation and sustained drug release activity. Different nanoplatforms based on drugs, peptides, proteins, antigens, hormones, nucleic material, and microbicides are gaining momentum for vaginal therapeutics.
New Insights in Cannabinoid Receptor Structure and Signaling
Authors: Ye Lingyan , Cao Zheng , Wang Weiwei , Zhou Naiming
Published: February 2019

Background:

Cannabinoid has long been used for medicinal purposes. Cannabinoid signaling has been considered the therapeutic target for treating pain, addiction, obesity, inflammation, and other diseases. Recent studies have suggested that in addition to CB1 and CB2, there are non-CB1 and non-CB2 cannabinoid-related orphan GPCRs including GPR18, GPR55, and GPR119. In addition, CB1 and CB2 display allosteric binding and biased signaling, revealing correlations between biased signaling and functional outcomes. Interestingly, new investigations have indicated that CB1 is functionally present within the mitochondria of striated and heart muscles directly regulating intramitochondrial signaling and respiration.

Conclusion:

In this review, we summarize the recent progress in cannabinoid-related orphan GPCRs, CB1/CB2 structure, Gi/Gs coupling, allosteric ligands and biased signaling, and mitochondria-localized CB1, and discuss the future promise of this research.
Targeting Chromatin Remodeling for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Kaur Jasmine , Daoud Abdelkader , Eblen Scott T.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Epigenetic alterations comprise key regulatory events that dynamically alter gene expression and their deregulation is commonly linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer. Unlike DNA mutations, epigenetic alterations involve modifications to proteins and nucleic acids that regulate chromatin structure without affecting the underlying DNA sequence, altering the accessibility of the transcriptional machinery to the DNA, thus modulating gene expression. In cancer cells, this often involves the silencing of tumor suppressor genes or the increased expression of genes involved in oncogenesis. Advances in laboratory medicine have made it possible to map critical epigenetic events, including histone modifications and DNA methylation, on a genome-wide scale. Like the identification of genetic mutations, mapping of changes to the epigenetic landscape has increased our understanding of cancer progression. However, in contrast to irreversible genetic mutations, epigenetic modifications are flexible and dynamic, thereby making them promising therapeutic targets. Ongoing studies are evaluating the use of epigenetic drugs in chemotherapy sensitization and immune system modulation. With the preclinical success of drugs that modify epigenetics, along with the FDA approval of epigenetic drugs including the DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibitor 5-azacitidine and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor vorinostat, there has been a rise in the number of drugs that target epigenetic modulators over recent years.

Conclusion:

We provide an overview of epigenetic modulations, particularly those involved in cancer, and discuss the recent advances in drug development that target these chromatin-modifying events, primarily focusing on novel strategies to regulate the epigenome.
Inflammatory Biomarkers, Depressive Symptoms and Falls Among the elderly in Panama
Authors: Britton Gabrielle B. , O'Bryant Sid E. , Johnson Leigh A. , Hall James R. , Villarreal Alcibiades E. , Oviedo Diana C. , Pérez-Lao Ambar R. , Carreira María B.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Falls are common among elderly adults, and are predictors of hospitalization,
institutionalization and mortality.

Objective:

The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between blood-based
markers of inflammation and fall events in a sample of elderly Hispanic adults.

Method:

Data were collected from 190 participants enrolled in the Panama Aging Research Initiative
study who completed baseline clinical and cognitive assessments. A non-fasting blood sample
was obtained. Self-reported falls were classified as no falls, single falls or recurrent (two or more)
falls reported in the 12 months prior to baseline evaluations. Serum levels of C Reactive Protein
(CRP), T-lymphocyte secreting protein (I-309), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin
7 (IL-7) were measured. Global cognition was assessed with the Mini Mental State Examination
and depressive symptoms were assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30).
Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the link between inflammation and fall events.

Results:

Depressive symptoms, limitations in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), IL-7
and I-309 were significantly related to fall events. Elevated levels of IL-7 increased the likelihood
of single and recurrent falls, while increased levels of I-309 were associated only with recurrent
falls. Greater IADL limitations and depressive symptoms were associated with an increased likelihood
of recurrent falls.

Conclusion:

There is a lack of research investigating the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers
and fall events. These results provide evidence of risk factors for falls in Hispanic older
adults, and could serve to guide public health professionals to establish clinical guidelines to reduce
fall risks.
Penetapan Kadar Pati Pada Buah Mangga Muda ( Mangifera Indica L ) Menggunakan Metode Luff Schoorl
Authors: Ifmaily Ifmaily
Published: February 2019

Amylum atau pati merupakan salah satu zat penting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan gizi, sebagai sumber energi manusia di dunia, ini diperkirakan 80% bersumber dari pati. Di dunia saat ini, industri bahan makanan memproduksi pati berkisar 50 juta ton per tahun, dan laju pertumbuhan 7,7 % per tahun, dan perkembangan produksi pati dunia oleh industri makanan modern sudah merangsang berbagai pihak untuk mengidentifikasi polisakarida ini dari sumber baru. Selain beras, jagung, kacang, yang mengandung pati, buah-buahan juga mengandung pati, salah satunya buah mangga muda. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar pati pada buah mangga muda ( Mangifera indica L ) dan mengidentifikasi bentuk patinya. Pati merupakan bahan dasar di industri makanan atau bahan tambahan untuk pembuatan tablet di industri farmasi. Penetapan kadar dilakukan menggunakan metode Luff Schoorl. Hasil penelitian diperoleh rendemen 5,021 % dari ekstrak, kadar air pada buah mangga muda sebesar 0,42 %, kadar abu pada buah mangga muda sebesar 0,27%. Filtrat dari pati buah mangga muda direaksikan dengan larutan Luff Schoorl lalu dilakukan pemanasan menggunakan pendingin tegak lalu dititrasi dengan Na2S2O3. Hasil dari penetapan kadar pati yang diperoleh dari buah mangga muda yaitu sebesar 65,67%, dengan bentuk pati bulat dan bulirnya tidak rapat.
Investigation of Stadium Performance: Case of NCAA Division I Football Stadiums as Non-Sporting Event Venues
Authors: Hammond Andrew , Lee Seungbum , Juravich Matthew , Kornspan Alan
Published: February 2019

Traditionally, sport facility performance has been overlooked in the scholarly literature. However, in recent years, as the sport industry has become more revenue-driven, non-game day sport facility performance has begun to receive increasing attention. In intercollegiate athletics in the United States, one way that university athletic departments have begun to generate revenue is through the utilization of football stadiums as non-sporting event venues (Lee, Kim, & Parrish, 2015). However, little research has examined how intercollegiate athletic departments strategically utilize football stadiums as non-sporting event venues. Using a mixed methods approach, including qualitative content analysis and open-ended questions, the present study assessed how National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I athletic departments utilize their football stadium as a non-sporting event venue. Results showed that more than half of NCAA Division I athletic departments provided information as to the availability of their football stadium as a non-sporting event venue. Specifically, almost 70% of Power Five schools provided such information versus only 35% of non-Power Five schools. Also, findings revealed that some athletic departments do not provide this information on their website because they either prefer to keep stadium rental information internal or they are in a transitional stage in which they are working toward providing information about using their football stadium as a non-sporting event venue in the near future. Additionally, the results demonstrate that a majority of the users of football stadiums as non-sporting event venues were from local businesses or organizations. A discussion of the implications of these findings as well as opportunities for future research conclude this study.
Thulium Laser Vaporization versus Vapoenucleation (without morcellation) Technique for BPH: Do We Have a Winner?
Authors: Sarma Debanga , Singh Yashasvi , Baruah Saumar Jyoti , Rajeev T.P. , Barua Sasanka Kumar , Bagchi Puskal Kumar , Phukan Mandeep , Kashyap Manash Pratim
Published: February 2019

Background and Objective

The thulium laser surgery is a relatively new approach in which a wavelength of approximately 2 μm is emitted in continuous-wave mode, thus enabling the precise incision of tissue by using a wavelength that matches the water absorption peak of 1.92 μm in tissue. However, no published multinational study or other evidence definitively declares the superiority of thulium vaporization (ThuVAP) over thulium vapoenucle-ation (ThuVEP) without morcellator for better management of bothersome benign prostatic hyperplasia. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of vaporization and vapoenucleation (without a morcellator) in thulium laser prostatectomy for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 82 patients who underwent thulium laser prostatectomy between February 2017 and January 2018 with ThuVAP and ThuVEP techniques was done and outcome measures analyzed were International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality-of-life score (QoL), maximum ﬂow rate (Q max), post-void residual (PVRU), total operating time, laser time and resected tissue weight.

Results

No significant differences were noted between ThuVAP and ThuVEP in terms of post-operative prostate volume (22.4 vs. 21.7 mL) and post-operative prostate specific antigen (PSA) (2.54 vs. 1.85 ng/mL). Nonetheless, there were differences between the groups in total lasing time (56.5 vs. 44.8 min, p = 0.001) and total operative time (88.5 vs. 71.5 min, p= 0.001). There was also a significant difference in IPSS, QoL score, Q max, and PVRU at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 9 months after surgery.

Conclusion

ThuVEP provides a superior reduction of prostate volume and better short-term clinical outcomes than ThuVAP in the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Furthermore, ThuVEP results in significantly lower urethral discomfort rates with significant improvement in IPSS as compared to ThuVAP which is maintained over time. The hospital stay and catheter indwelling time are shorter in the ThuVEP group and the complications associated with it appear to be lower than ThuVAP group.
Analisis Kadar Kalsium (Ca) dan Besi (Fe) dalam Kangkung Air (Ipomeae aquatica forsk) dan Kangkung Darat (Ipomeae reptan forsk) Asal Palu
Authors: Suryaningsih Suryaningsih , Said Irwan , Rahman Nurdin
Published: February 2019

Kangkong, or water spinach is a well-known leaf vegetable because it is delicious cheap and easily obtained. There is two types of water spinach that most consumed, water-water spinach grown in the wet and watery and land-water spinach grown in dry place or moor. Kangkong can be consumed in various type of foods, in addition, it’s also rich in vitamins, protein, carotene, amino acids, phosphorus, sitosterol and mineral materials, especially iron and calcium. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) in water-water spinach (ipomeae aquatica forsk) and land-water spinach (ipomeae reptan forsk) from palu. The research was conducted using alkaline digestion using nitric acid with the SSA instrument. The data showed that the concentration of Ca in stems and leaves of water-kangkong was 15.375 mg/kg and 12.833 mg/kg, and land–kangkong was 74.666 mg/kg and 31.000 mg/kg, while the concentration of Fe in stems and leaves of water-water spinach was 301.166 mg/kg and 232.500 mg/kg, and land-water spinach was 458.000 mg/kg and 238.750 mg/kg.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ragi Tape (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) terhadap Kadar Bioetanol Pada Proses Fermentasi Biji Alpukat (Persea Americana Mill)
Authors: Rizwan Mohd. , Diah Anang Wahid M. , Ratman Ratman
Published: February 2019

Avocado seed contains high level of starch and it can be used as one of the raw materials for bioethanol. This study aimed to determine the influence of variation concentration of tape starter toward bioethanol level in the fermentation process of avocado (persea americana Mill.) seed. Some process on this research were delignification with 4% NaOH, hydrolysis with 12% HCl, and fermentation with various concentrations of yeast tape (saccharomyces cerevisiae) ie 10%, 20% and 30% of substrate volume for 5 days. Bioethanol level was determined by using alcoholmeter. The highest bioethanol level was obtained in the addition of yeast tape as much as 30% of substrate that was an equal to 32.65% with density of 1.0029 g/mL.
The Effect of an Auditor Identity Disclosure Requirement on Audit Quality: An Experimental Examination Incorporating the Incremental Effect of a Signature Requirement
Authors: Blay Allen D. , Gooden Eric S. , Mellon Mark J. , Stevens Douglas E.
Published: February 2019

After considering a proposal to require the engagement partner's signature on the audit report (PCAOB 2009), the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board chose instead to only require the disclosure of the engagement partner's name (PCAOB 2015). We make predictions regarding the effects of the two proposed requirements using insights from social norm theory, and test those predictions using an experimental audit market setting found in the literature. We find that both requirements reduce misreporting when compared to a control setting with neither requirement present. We also document that the signature requirement generates an incremental reduction in misreporting when added to the disclosure requirement. Finally, we provide evidence that these effects are driven by participants with higher sensitivity to social norms. This theory and evidence supports the new identity disclosure requirement at the PCAOB and helps explain the existence of signature requirements in many non-U.S. countries.

Data Availability: Experimental data are available from the authors upon request.
Public Accountants, Senior Accounting Students, and Non-Accounting Senior Business Majors: Comparing their Perception of Corporate Ethics and Social Responsibility
Authors: Maiga Adam
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze data collected from public accountants and students to assess differences in their perceived stakeholder and stockholder views. Paired-sample t-tests indicated that both public accountants and senior accounting students had a propensity to support the stakeholder view whereas non-accounting senior business students' perception of the stakeholder view was not significantly different from their perception of the stockholder view. One-way ANOVA results indicated that public accountants' perception of the stakeholder view was significantly higher than that of senior accounting students and both groups had significantly higher perceptions of the stakeholder view than non-accounting senior business students. On the other hand, non-accounting senior business students' perception of the stockholder view was significantly higher than that of both public accountants and senior accounting students. Furthermore, senior accounting students' perception of the stockholder view was significantly higher than that of public accountants.
Glucose Metabolism Is Required for Platelet Hyperactivation in a Murine Model of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Fidler Trevor P. , Marti Alex , Gerth Katelyn , Middleton Elizabeth A. , Campbell Robert A. , Rondina Matthew T. , Weyrich Andrew S. , Abel E. Dale
Published: February 2019

Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have increased thrombosis and platelet activation. The mechanisms for platelet hyperactivation in diabetes are incompletely understood. T1DM is accompanied by hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and increased inflammation in addition to an altered hormonal milieu. In vitro analysis of platelets revealed that normal glucose reduces platelet activation whereas hyperglycemic conditions increase platelet activation. We therefore hypothesized that hyperglycemia increases platelet glucose utilization, which increases platelet activation to promote thrombosis. Glucose uptake and glycolysis were increased in platelets isolated from mice given streptozotocin (STZ) to induce T1DM in concert with induction of GLUT3. Platelets from STZ-induced diabetic mice exhibited increased activation after administration of protease-activated receptor 4 peptide and convulxin. In contrast, platelets isolated from GLUT1 and GLUT3 double-knockout (DKO) mice, which lack the ability to use glucose, failed to increase activation in hyperglycemic mice. Diabetic mice displayed decreased survival in a collagen/epinephrine-induced pulmonary embolism model of in vivo platelet activation relative to nondiabetic controls. Survival after pulmonary embolism was increased in diabetic DKO mice relative to nondiabetic controls. These data reveal that increased platelet glucose metabolism in vivo contributes to increased platelet activation and thrombosis in a model of T1DM.
Diagnostic Accuracy of a Device for the Automated Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy in a Primary Care Setting
Authors: Verbraak Frank D. , Abramoff Michael D. , Bausch Gonny C.F. , Klaver Caroline , Nijpels Giel , Schlingemann Reinier O. , van der Heijden Amber A.
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE

To determine the diagnostic accuracy in a real-world primary care setting of a deep learning–enhanced device for automated detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Retinal images of people with type 2 diabetes visiting a primary care screening program were graded by a hybrid deep learning–enhanced device (IDx-DR-EU-2.1; IDx, Amsterdam, the Netherlands), and its classification of retinopathy (vision-threatening [vt]DR, more than mild [mtm]DR, and mild or more [mom]DR) was compared with a reference standard. This reference standard consisted of grading according to the International Clinical Classification of DR by the Rotterdam Study reading center. We determined the diagnostic accuracy of the hybrid deep learning–enhanced device (IDx-DR-EU-2.1) against the reference standard.

RESULTS

A total of 1,616 people with type 2 diabetes were imaged. The hybrid deep learning–enhanced device’s sensitivity/specificity against the reference standard was, respectively, for vtDR 100% (95% CI 77.1–100)/97.8% (95% CI 96.8–98.5) and for mtmDR 79.4% (95% CI 66.5–87.9)/93.8% (95% CI 92.1–94.9).

CONCLUSIONS

The hybrid deep learning–enhanced device had high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of both vtDR (although the number of vtDR cases was low) and mtmDR in a primary care setting against an independent reading center. This allows its’ safe use in a primary care setting.
Overall Quality of Care Predicts the Variability of Key Risk Factors for Complications in Type 2 Diabetes: An Observational, Longitudinal Retrospective Study
Authors: Ceriello Antonio , Rossi Maria Chiara , De Cosmo Salvatore , Lucisano Giuseppe , Pontremoli Roberto , Fioretto Paola , Giorda Carlo , Pacilli Antonio , Viazzi Francesca , Russo Giuseppina , Nicolucci Antonio
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE

An association between variability in clinical parameters (HbA1c, blood pressure, cholesterol, and uric acid) and risk of complications in type 2 diabetes has been reported. In this analysis, we investigated to what extent such variability is associated with overall quality of care.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The quality of care summary score (Q-score) represents a validated, overall quality of care indicator ranging between 0 and 40; the higher the score, the better the quality of care provided by the diabetes center. We identified patients with five or more measurements of clinical parameters after the assessment of the Q-score. Multiple linear regression analyses assessed the role of the Q-score in predicting the variability of the different parameters.

RESULTS

Overall, 273,888 patients were analyzed. The variability of all the parameters systematically increased with decreasing Q-score values. At multivariate linear regression analysis, compared with a Q-score >25, a score <15 was associated with a significantly larger variation in HbA1c, blood pressure, uric acid, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol and a lower variation in HDL cholesterol. The analysis of standardized β coefficients show that the Q-score has a larger impact on the variability of HbA1c (0.34; P < 0.0001), systolic blood pressure (0.21; P < 0.0001), total cholesterol (0.21; P < 0.0001), and LDL cholesterol (0.20; P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

The variability of risk factors for diabetic complications is associated with quality of care. Quality of care improvement initiatives should be targeted to increase the achievement of the recommended target while reducing such variability.
Comparative Effects of Proximal and Distal Small Intestinal Glucose Exposure on Glycemia, Incretin Hormone Secretion, and the Incretin Effect in Health and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Young Richard L. , Bound Michelle , Hu Sanyuan , Jones Karen L. , Horowitz Michael , Rayner Christopher K. , Wu Tongzhi
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE

Cells releasing glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are distributed predominately in the proximal and distal gut, respectively. Hence, the region of gut exposed to nutrients may influence GIP and GLP-1 secretion and impact on the incretin effect and gastrointestinal-mediated glucose disposal (GIGD). We evaluated glycemic and incretin responses to glucose administered into the proximal or distal small intestine and quantified the corresponding incretin effect and GIGD in health and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Ten healthy subjects and 10 patients with T2DM were each studied on four occasions. On two days, a transnasal catheter was positioned with infusion ports opening 13 cm and 190 cm beyond the pylorus, and 30 g glucose with 3 g 3-O-methylglucose (a marker of glucose absorption) was infused into either site and 0.9% saline into the alternate site over 60 min. Matching intravenous isoglycemic clamp studies were performed on the other two days. Blood glucose, serum 3-O-methylglucose, and plasma hormones were evaluated over 180 min.

RESULTS

In both groups, blood glucose and serum 3-O-methylglucose concentrations were higher after proximal than distal glucose infusion (all P < 0.001). Plasma GLP-1 increased minimally after proximal, but substantially after distal, glucose infusion, whereas GIP increased promptly after both infusions, with concentrations initially greater, but less sustained, with proximal versus distal infusion (all P < 0.001). Both the incretin effect and GIGD were less with proximal than distal glucose infusion (both P ≤ 0.009).

CONCLUSIONS

The distal, as opposed to proximal, small intestine is superior in modulating postprandial glucose metabolism in both health and T2DM.
The American Diabetes Association in the Era of Health Care Transformation
Authors: Hill-Briggs Felicia
Published: February 2019

This address was delivered by Felicia Hill-Briggs, PhD, ABPP, President, Health Care & Education of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) at the ADA’s 78th Scientific Sessions in Orlando, Fla., on 23 June 2018. Diabetes has become a high-priority condition in the current era of health care transformation due to diabetes and prediabetes prevalence rates, suboptimal diabetes outcomes at the health care system and population levels, and high health care and public health costs attributed to diabetes. Population health is the path forward for the ADA to facilitate diabetes health care and public health improvement nationally. Population health management initiatives underway at the ADA include Diabetes INSIDE for health care systems and a Mental Health Provider Training Program and referral directory. Population health improvement initiatives include the prediabetes Risk Test Campaign, National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) dissemination in underserved states and populations, a DPP Express information technology platform, and a social determinants of health scientific review and recommendations. Dr. Hill-Briggs is a professor of medicine; physical medicine and rehabilitation; health, behavior, and society; and acute and chronic care at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Md. She is a core faculty member of the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology & Clinical Research and co-lead of behavioral, social, and systems science for the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research. Dr. Hill-Briggs has been elected to the National Academy of Medicine of The National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine and is the 2018 recipient of the Rachmiel Levine Medal for Leadership from the ADA.
Universitetslärares skrivande om och för sin undervisning
Authors: Fjellström Mona , Wester Maria
Published: February 2019

Syftet med denna artikel är att diskutera förutsättningarna för universitetslärares skrivande om och för sin undervisning. I policydokument och regelverk på såväl nationell som lokal nivå uttrycks förväntningar om att lärare ska problematisera, utforska och dokumentera sin undervisning; förväntningar om ett akademiskt lärarskap.
I denna artikel utgår vi från ett case där ett antal lärare beskriver sina tankar om och erfarenheter av att skriva om undervisning. Via enkäter, fokusgruppsintervjuer och kursutvärderingar har vi inhämtat kvantitativa och kvalitativa data från 30 deltagare i en högskolepedagogisk kurs med fokus på skrivande om och för undervisning. Våra data har analyserats innehållsligt utifrån en förståelseinriktad ansats.
Resultaten visar att skrivande om och för undervisning försiggår ensamt, osett och i tystnad samtidigt som lärarna upplever stor osäkerhet inför det de upplever som annorlunda skrivande. Baserat på våra resultat presenterar vi förslag på hur högskolelärares skrivande om och för undervisning kan stödjas.