bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An exploration of the variability of physiological responses to soil drying in relation with C/N balance across three species of the under‐utilized genus Vigna
Authors: Guiguitant Julie , Marrou Hélène , Vile Denis , Sinclair Thomas R. , Pradhan Deepti , Ramirez Martha , Ghanem Michel Edmond
Published: October 2020

The genus Vigna (Fabaceae) is an agriculturally important taxon, which includes several crop species such as cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), mung bean (Vigna radiata) and azuki bean (Vigna angularis). Most studies have focused on cowpea (V. unguiculata (L.) as a drought‐resistant crop, although insights on the mechanisms that confer this species the ability to grow in dry environment are still not fully resolved. The diversity of this rich genus has been overlooked in many physiological studies. This study explores the physiological mechanisms of response to soil drying (N2 fixation, transpiration rate and changes in C and N allocation) across three species of the Vigna genus: V. radiata, V. unguiculata, V. vexillata (tuber cowpea). A significant variability among the studied Vigna accessions was found for the threshold in decline of N2 fixation with soil drying. Less variability was observed in the transpiration threshold. Through the analysis of leaf traits variation under well‐watered and water‐deficit conditions, we were able to relate the variability in N2 fixation and transpiration response to C/N metabolism modifications resulting in different allocation of carbon and nitrogen to leaves under water deficit.
Identification of the novel HLA‐DQB1, allele DQB1*06:02:44 by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Ananeva Anastasiia , Osipova Nailia , Andryushkina Anna , Shagimardanova Elena
Published: October 2020

Identification of the novel HLA‐DQB1*06:02:44 allele that differs from HLA‐DQB1*06:02:01 at one position in exon 2.
MENTAL HEALTH AND THE GOSPEL: A RESPONSE TO CHRISTOPHER COOK
Authors: Watts Fraser
Published: October 2020

It is sometimes assumed that when the gospels talk about demon possession they are just using different terminology for what would now be called psychosis or epilepsy. However, these terms come from different discourses that need to be distinguished, but do not need to be kept completely separate. The nature of the relationship between religion and mental health is complex. There is usually a positive correlation, but it is more difficult to be confident about the nature of the causal connection. Poor mental health can become intertwined with religion in a way that drags both down. It is a consistent feature of Jesus' interactions that he encourages people to believe that more is possible than might have been imagined. His impact on the mental health of those around him seems to have been largely a matter of what might now be called positive psychology.
A new species of Clathrosperchonella Lundblad 1937 (Acariformes: Hydrachnidiae: Hydryphantoidea: Rhynchohydracaridae) from Brazil, with descriptions of the female, male and larva

Authors: Castro Luiz A. S. De , Proctor Heather C. , Lofego Antonio C.
Published: October 2020

We describe a new species of the genus Clathrosperchonella, C. olovi sp. nov. from Brazil, including complete information for female, male and larva. This brings the number of named species in the Rhynchohydracaridae to thirteen. In addition, we provide a key to named species of Clathrosperchonella.
REVIEWS OF ACOUSTICAL PATENTS
Authors: Fulop Sean A.
Published: October 2020

The purpose of these acoustical patent reviews is to provide enough information for a Journal reader to decide whether to seek more information from the patent itself. Any opinions expressed here are those of the reviewers as individuals and are not legal opinions. Patents are available via the internet at the USPTO website and also using Google Patents.
Taking the lead towards healthy performance: the requirement of leadership to elevate the health and performance teams in elite sports
Authors: Verhagen Evert , Mellette Jay , Konin Jeff , Scott Reggie , Brito João , McCall Alan
Published: October 2020

Where not too long ago we serviced athletes; nowadays, we have the responsibility to lead a multidisciplinary team that is mandated to protect the athletes’ health, ensure competition availability and ability to compete at peak performance. In essence, our roles have shifted from being a service provider to a health and performance manager who steers a multidisciplinary team of specialists. In this viewpoint, we question whether we really have the skills to lead a ‘team’ like this effectively. We provide a potential definition of leadership and discuss the importance of leadership for health and performance teams with recent literature. Finally, we share our baseline ‘leadership’ pearls that allow you to elevate collaboration through leadership.
An evolutionary life history approach to understanding mental health
Authors: Han Wen , Chen Bin-Bin
Published: October 2020

In recent years, evolutionary life history theory has been used as a heuristic framework to understand mental health. This article reviews the life history theory and its integration with mental disorders and then introduces representative research methods and related empirical studies in the field of evolutionary psychopathology. In the end, this article concludes with future directions for further research examining and developing the evolutionary psychopathological framework.
Screening and eradication ofHelicobacter pylorifor gastric cancer prevention: the Taipei global consensus
Authors: Liou Jyh-Ming , Malfertheiner Peter , Lee Yi-Chia , Sheu Bor-Shyang , Sugano Kentaro , Cheng Hsiu-Chi , Yeoh Khay-Guan , Hsu Ping-I , Goh Khean-Lee , Mahachai Varocha , Gotoda Takuji , Chang Wei-Lun , Chen Mei-Jyh , Chiang Tsung-Hsien , Chen Chieh-Chang , Wu Chun-Ying , Leow Alex Hwong-Ruey , Wu Jeng-Yih , Wu Deng-Chyang , Hong Tzu-Chan , Lu Hong , Yamaoka Yoshio , Megraud Francis , Chan Francis K L , Sung Joseph JY , Lin Jaw-Town , Graham David Y , Wu Ming-Shiang , El-Omar Emad M
Published: October 2020

Objective

A global consensus meeting was held to review current evidence and knowledge gaps and propose collaborative studies on population-wide screening and eradication ofHelicobacter pylorifor prevention of gastric cancer (GC).

Methods

28 experts from 11 countries reviewed the evidence and modified the statements using the Delphi method, with consensus level predefined as ≥80% of agreement on each statement. The Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was followed.

Results

Consensus was reached in 26 statements. At an individual level, eradication ofH. pylorireduces the risk of GC in asymptomatic subjects and is recommended unless there are competing considerations. In cohorts of vulnerable subjects (eg, first-degree relatives of patients with GC), a screen-and-treat strategy is also beneficial.H. pylorieradication in patients with early GC after curative endoscopic resection reduces the risk of metachronous cancer and calls for a re-examination on the hypothesis of ‘the point of no return’. At the general population level, the strategy of screen-and-treat forH. pyloriinfection is most cost-effective in young adults in regions with a high incidence of GC and is recommended preferably before the development of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. However, such a strategy may still be effective in people aged over 50, and may be integrated or included into national healthcare priorities, such as colorectal cancer screening programmes, to optimise the resources. Reliable locally effective regimens based on the principles of antibiotic stewardship are recommended. Subjects at higher risk of GC, such as those with advanced gastric atrophy or intestinal metaplasia, should receive surveillance endoscopy after eradication ofH. pylori.

Conclusion

Evidence supports the proposal that eradication therapy should be offered to all individuals infected withH. pylori. Vulnerable subjects should be tested, and treated if the test is positive. Mass screening and eradication ofH. pylorishould be considered in populations at higher risk of GC.
Sociodemographic profiles, educational attainment and physical activity associated with The Daily Mile™ registration in primary schools in England: a national cross-sectional linkage study
Authors: Venkatraman Tishya , Honeyford Kate , Costelloe Céire E , Bina Ram , M F van Sluijs Esther , Viner Russell M , Saxena Sonia
Published: October 2020

Objective

To examine primary school and local authority characteristics associated with registration for The Daily Mile (TDM), an active mile initiative aimed at increasing physical activity in children.

Design

A cross-sectional linkage study using routinely collected data.

Setting

All state-funded primary schools in England from 2012 to 2018 (n=15,815).

Results

3,502 of all 15,815 (22.1%) state-funded primary schools in England were registered to do TDM, ranging from 16% in the East Midlands region to 31% in Inner London. Primary schools registered for TDM had larger mean pupil numbers compared with schools that had not registered (300 vs 269, respectively). There was a higher proportion of TDM-registered schools in urban areas compared with non-urban areas. There was local authority variation in the likelihood of school registration (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.094). After adjusting for school and local authority characteristics, schools located in a major urban conurbation (OR 1.46 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.71) urban vs rural) and schools with a higher proportion of disadvantaged pupils had higher odds of being registered for TDM (OR 1.16 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.33)). Area-based physical activity and schools’ educational attainment were not significantly associated with registration to TDM.

Conclusion

One in five primary schools in England has registered for TDM since 2012. TDM appears to be a wide-reaching school-based physical activity intervention that is reaching more disadvantaged primary school populations in urban areas where obesity prevalence is highest. TDM-registered schools include those with both high and low educational attainment and are in areas with high and low physical activity.
SARS-CoV-2 infection in London, England: changes to community point prevalence around lockdown time, March–May 2020
Authors: Edelstein Michael , Obi Chinelo , Chand Meera , Hopkins Susan , Brown Kevin , Ramsay Mary
Published: October 2020

Background

The UK has been one of the European countries most affected by COVID-19 pandemic. The UK implemented a lockdown in March 2020, when testing policy at the time was focusing on hospitalised cases. Limited information is therefore available on the impact of the lockdown on point prevalence in the community. We assessed COVID-19 point prevalence in London between early April and early May 2020, which approximately reflect infection around the time of the lockdown and 3–5 weeks into lockdown.

Methods

We tested 1064 participants of a community surveillance cohort for acute COVID-19 infection using PCR in London in April and May 2020 and described positivity as well as characteristics and symptoms of the participants.

Results

Point prevalence decreased from 2.2% (95% CI 1.4 to 3.5) in early April to 0.2% (95% CI 0.03 to 1.6) in early May. 22% of those who tested positive in April were asymptomatic. Extrapolation from reports of confirmed cases suggest that 5–7.6% of total infections were confirmed by testing during this period.

Conclusion

COVID-19 point prevalence in the community sharply decreased after lockdown was implemented. This study is based on a small sample and regular seroprevalence studies are needed to better characterise population-level immunity.
Peripheral blood lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio as a screening marker for influenza infection
Authors: Patel Bijal , Oye Monique , Norez Daniel , Isache Carmen
Published: October 2020

Influenza outbreaks occur annually and account for significant morbidity and mortality. The overall burden of influenza infections, in the USA, for the 2017–2018 season, was an estimated 45 million cases, 810 000 hospitalizations and 61 000 deaths. Literature suggests that leukocyte count and differential, particularly lymphopenia and/or monocytosis, can provide diagnostic value for influenza infection. However, studies regarding these findings are limited in the adult population, particularly in the USA. The objective of this study was to determine if lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (L:M)<2 can be used as a screening marker for influenza infection. We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients who presented to University of Florida Health, Jacksonville, a university-affiliated tertiary care center in Jacksonville, Florida, between January 2017 and December 2018, with ‘influenza-like’ symptoms and who were subsequently admitted to the hospital. Patients were divided into two cohorts, based on whether they had laboratory-confirmed influenza versus another confirmed upper respiratory tract viral infection (influenza-like illness (ILI)). L:M was compared between the two groups and was found to be lower in the influenza group compared with the ILI group (p<0.0001). Results of this study demonstrate that a L:M<2 has significant diagnostic value in the acute phase of influenza and can be used for earlier detection and management of this disease, in order to improve clinical outcomes.
High-Impact RCTs without Prospective Informed Consent: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dhamanaskar Roma , Merz Jon F
Published: October 2020

The prevalence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed without fully informed prospective consent from subjects is unknown. We performed this study to estimate the prevalence of high-impact RCTs performed without informed consent from all subjects and examine whether such trials are becoming more prevalent. We performed a systematic review of English-language RCTs published from 2014 through 2018 identified in Scopus and sorted to identify the top 100 most highly cited RCTs each year. Text search of title and abstract included terms randomized controlled or clinical trial and spelling variants thereof, and excluded metaanalyses and systematic reviews. We independently identified the most highly cited RCTs based on predefined criteria and negotiated to agreement, then independently performed keyword searches, read, abstracted and coded information regarding informed consent from each paper and again negotiated to agreement. No quality indicators were assessed. We planned descriptive qualitative analysis and appropriate quantitative analysis to examine the prevalence and characteristics of trials enrolling subjects with other than fully informed prospective consent. We find that 44 (8.8%, binomial exact 95% CI 6.5% to 11.6%) of 500 high-impact RCTs did not secure informed consent from at least some subjects. The prevalence of such trials did not change over the 5 years (OR=1.09, z=0.78, p=0.44). A majority (66%) of the trials involved emergency situations, and 40 of 44 (90.9%) of the trials involved emergency interventions, pragmatic designs, were cluster randomized, or a combination of these factors. A qualitative analysis explores the methods of and justifications for waiving informed consent in our sample of RCTs.
Evolution of cystic airspaces lung lesions on immune checkpoint inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Parisi Claudia , Lamberti Giuseppe , Zompatori Maurizio , Gelsomino Francesco , Salvagni Stefania , Sperandi Francesca , Ardizzoni Andrea
Published: October 2020

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can be associated with pulmonary cystic airspaces (pCAs). pCAs are radiologically classified into four types based on whether the nodule or mass extrudes the wall of the pCAs. In most cases, response evaluation of these lesions by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) V.1.1 is challenging. Based on the observation of a case of morphological evolution of pCAs associated with NSCLC in a patient receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), we reviewed retrospectively imaging scans of 92 consecutive advanced patients with NSCLC treated at our institution. Overall, three cases of pCAs associated with NSCLC obtained a remarkable change following ICI. Of note, these changes were not always seen in the context of a clear radiological objective response. The morphological changes observed may reflect a novel pattern of response to immunotherapy agents that clinicians should be aware of. This pattern of response, not reported before, warrants further investigation and, if confirmed, we believe that it should be considered in future version of immune RECIST.
Risk of immunotherapy-related narcolepsy in genetically predisposed patients: a case report of narcolepsy after administration of pembrolizumab
Authors: Natori Yutaka , Sasaki Eisaku , Soeda Shu , Furukawa Shigenori , Azami Yusuke , Tokuda Emi , Kanbayashi Takashi , Saji Shigehira
Published: October 2020

Background

Immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint therapy cause autoimmune disease-like symptoms. People who carry specific genotypes or haplotypes of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) are known to be predisposed to develop autoimmune diseases including narcolepsy. Immunotherapy could be a trigger to develop narcolepsy in predisposing HLA positive patients.

Case presentation

A 66-year-old woman with stage IVB endometrial carcinosarcoma experienced daytime sleepiness and temporary muscle weakness 14 days after the administration of an immune checkpoint inhibitor, pembrolizumab. These were consistent with the main symptoms of narcolepsy with cataplexy. This patient carried a highly predisposing HLA haplotype for narcolepsy; HLA-DQB1*06:02, DRB1*15:01, DQA1*01:02 and DRB5*01:01:01. A hypocretin-1/orexin-A concentration in the patient’s cerebrospinal fluid was low at 9.6 pg/mL in ELISA, and 155.5 pg/mL in radioimmunoassay that was below the normal level of 200 pg/mL. Therefore, she was diagnosed with narcolepsy tentatively according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, third edition diagnostic criteria for narcolepsy. The onset of narcolepsy in the 60s is very rare, and narcoleptic symptoms in our patient were likely to be caused by pembrolizumab.

Conclusions

This case suggests that treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors potentially causes narcolepsy in genetically predisposed patients.
Mortality from suicide among agricultural, fishery, forestry and hunting workers in Italy and the contribution of work-related factors
Authors: Alicandro Gianfranco , Grande Enrico , Sebastiani Gabriella , Violante Francesco Saverio , La Vecchia Carlo , Frova Luisa
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Excess risk of suicide has been reported among workers in agriculture, fishery, forestry and hunting (AFFH). However, there is still uncertainty in the quantification of the risk and in the contribution of work-related factors. We aimed to quantify the suicide mortality risk among these workers in Italy.

Methods

We carried out a historical cohort study based on record linkage between the 2011 Italian census and the mortality archives for years 2012–2017. The mortality rate ratio (MRR) was used as a measure of risk. MRR was estimated through quasi-Poisson regression models using workers in other sectors as reference category. Models were adjusted for age, citizenship, marital status, area of residence, education, employment status and hours worked per week.

Results

The cohort included 1 004 655 workers employed in the AFFH sector and 15 269 181 workers in other sectors. During the 6-year follow-up, 559 deaths from suicide (500 men and 59 women) occurred among AFFH workers and 5917 (4935 men and 982 women) among workers in other sectors. The MRR for suicide was 1.36 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.55) among men and 1.18 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.60) among women. The excess risk was remarkably high for casual and fixed-term contract workers (3.01, 95% CI 1.50 to 6.04).

Conclusions

Male workers in AFFH are at high risk of suicide mortality, and casual and fixed-term contract workers are at exceedingly high risk. Our study also suggests a higher risk among single, highly educated and long-hours workers. Female workers in AFFH do not have an appreciably increased risk.
Variation in pediatric local anesthetic dosing for peripheral nerve blocks: an analysis from the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network (PRAN)
Authors: Taenzer Andreas H , Herrick Michael , Hoyt Matthew , Ramamurthi R J , Walker Benjamin , Flack Sean H , Bosenberg Adrian , Franklin Andrew , Polaner David M
Published: October 2020

Background

Variation of local anesthetic dosing has been reported for adult peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) and infant caudal blocks. As higher doses of local anesthetics (LA) are potentially associated with increased risk of complications (eg, local anesthetic systemic toxicity), it is important to understand the source of LA dose variation. Using the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network (PRAN) database, we aimed to determine if variation in dosing exists in pediatric single-injection PNBs, and what factors influence that variation.

The primary aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with dosing for the 10 most commonly performed PNBs, with the secondary aim of exploring possible factors for variation such as number of blocks performed versus geographic location.

Methods

The PRAN database was used to determine the 10 most common pediatric PNBs, excluding neuraxial regional anesthetics. The 10 most common pediatric PNBs in the PRAN database were analyzed for variation of LA dose and causes for variation.

Results

In a cohort of 34 514 children receiving PNBs, the mean age was 10.38 (+/-5.23) years, average weight was 44.88 (+/-26.66) kg and 61.8% were men. The mean bupivacaine equivalent (BE) dose was 0.86 (+/-0.5) mg kg
−1
and ropivacaine was used in 65.4% of blocks. Dose decreases with age (estimate −0.016 (−0.017, –0.015; p<0.001)). In all blocks for all age groups, the range of doses that make up the central 80% of all doses exceeds the mean BE dose for the block. Variation is not related to the number blocks performed at an institution (p=0.33 (CI −0.42 to 0.15)). The dose administered for a PNB is driven in order of impact by the institution where the block was performed (Cohen’s ƒ=0.45), then by weight (0.31), type of block (0.27), LA used (0.15) and age (0.03).

Conclusions

Considerable variation in dosing exists in all age groups and in all block types. The most impactful driver of local anesthetic dose is the institution where the block was performed, indicating the dosing of a potentially lethal drug is more based on local culture than on evidence.
Carcinoma arising from an oesophageal duplication cyst in an adult cat
Authors: Agut Amalia , Carrillo Juana , Soler Marta , Gómez Miguel Angel , Fernandez Maria Josefa
Published: October 2020

A 17‐year‐old female Siamese cat was referred for a history of progressive dyspnoea, depression and anorexia. The cat was tachypnoeic, dyspnoeic and the thoracic auscultation revealed muffled cardiac and respiratory sounds. Radiographs of the thorax demonstrated pleural effusion and a well‐circumscribed soft tissue mass in the caudodorsal aspect of the mediastinum, most likely consistent with an oesophageal mass. CT findings demonstrated a cystic‐like mass in the caudal mediastinum, which was located in the right wall of the oesophagus, pleural effusion and subpleural nodules. Microscopic examination revealed that the wall of the cystic‐like mass had an inner mucosal layer lined by squamous epithelium and contained two muscle layers, consistent with an oesophageal duplication cyst (ODC). A carcinoma was found in the ODC as well as pleural carcinomatosis. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case of a neoplastic ODC.
Analytical method for calculating atomic structures based on the variational method for many-electron atomic structure in plasmas
Authors: Ma Kun , Chen Zhanbin
Published: October 2020

Within the framework of the Hartree–Fock method and the irreducible tensor theory, we have proposed an analytic formula for calculating the nonrelativistic energies of many-electron atoms. The relativistic mass, the one- and two-body Darwin, the spin–spin contact interaction, and the orbit–orbit interaction corrections to the energies are considered to make the results more precise. The angular interactions and spin sums involved in the formula are worked out explicitly using the irreducible theory. A program based on the variational method is developed to calculate the wave functions and atomic structure properties. The energies of the 1sns 1,3S (n = 1–4) and 1snp 1,3P (n = 2–4) states of the exemplary ions Ar16+, Fe24+, and Kr34+ in both Debye plasma and quantum plasma environments are given. Moreover, we analyzed the evolution of plasma screening parameters and provided some rules for practical and rapid evaluation in plasma applications.
Generation and molecular marker and cytological characterization of wheat – Secale strictum subsp. anatolicum derivatives
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Zhang Peng , Dong Chongmei , Li Jianbo , Singh Smriti , Trethowan Richard , Sharp Peter
Published: October 2020

Cereal rye and its wild forms are important sources of genetic diversity for wheat breeding due to their resistances to biotic and abiotic stresses. Secale strictum subsp. anatolicum (Boiss.) K. Hammer (SSA) is a weedy relative of cultivated rye, S. cereale. Meiotic chromosome pairing in F1 hybrids of SSA and S. cereale reveals strong genomic affinity between the two genomes. A study of the transferability of S. cereale sequence-based markers to SSA and hexaploid triticale demonstrated their applicability for tracing SSA chromatin in wheat. The transferability of the markers was over 80% from homoeologous groups 1, 2, and 3, and greater than 70% from groups 4 to 7. This study focused on the generation and molecular and cytogenetic characterization of wheat–SSA alien derivatives. Twelve were identified using combinations of non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH), genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and molecular marker analysis. All SSA chromosomes, except 3Ra and 6Ra, were transferred to wheat either in the form of monosomic additions (MA), mono-telosomic additions (MtA), double-mono-telosomic additions (dMtA), or double-monosomic additions (dMA). The germplasm developed in this study will help to enhance the genetic base of wheat and facilitate molecular breeding of wheat and triticale.
The Effect of Low Magnesium Concentration on Ictal Discharges In A Non-Synaptic Model
Authors: Rodrigues Antônio Márcio , Silva Delmo Benedito , Miranda Maísa Ferreira , Braga da Silva Silvia Cristina , Canton Santos Luiz Eduardo , Scorza Fulvio Alexandre , Scorza Carla Alessandra , Moret Marcelo A. , Guimarães de Almeida Antônio-Carlos
Published: October 2020

Magnesium (Mg[Formula: see text] is an essential mineral for several cellular functions. The concentration of this ion below the physiological concentration induces recurrent neuronal discharges both in slices of the hippocampus and in neuronal cultures. These epileptiform discharges are initially sensitive to the application of [Formula: see text]-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, but these antagonists may lose their effectiveness with prolonged exposure to low [Mg[Formula: see text]], when extracellular Ca[Formula: see text] reduction occurs, typical of ictal periods, indicating the absence of synaptic connections. The study herein presented aimed at investigating the effect of reducing the [Mg[Formula: see text]] during the induction of Nonsynaptic Epileptiform Activities (NSEA). As an experimental protocol, NSEA were induced in rat hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), using a bath solution containing high-K[Formula: see text] and zero-added-Ca[Formula: see text]. Additionally, computer simulations were performed using a mathematical model that represents electrochemical characteristics of the tissue of the DG granular layer. The experimental results show that the reduction of [Mg[Formula: see text]] causes an increase in the duration of the ictal period and a reduction in the interictal period, intensifying epileptiform discharges. The computer simulations suggest that the reduction of the Mg[Formula: see text] level intensifies the epileptiform discharges by a joint effect of reducing the surface charge screening and reducing the activity of the Na/K pump.
Interior polynomial for signed bipartite graphs and the HOMFLY polynomial
Authors: Kato Keiju
Published: October 2020

The interior polynomial is a Tutte-type invariant of bipartite graphs, and a part of the HOMFLY polynomial of a special alternating link coincides with the interior polynomial of the Seifert graph of the link. We extend the interior polynomial to signed bipartite graphs, and we show that, in the planar case, it is equal to the maximal [Formula: see text]-degree part of the HOMFLY polynomial of a naturally associated link. Note that the latter can be any oriented link. This result fits into a program aimed at deriving the HOMFLY polynomial from Floer homology.

We also establish some other, more basic properties of the signed interior polynomial. For example, the HOMFLY polynomial of the mirror image of [Formula: see text] is given by [Formula: see text]. This implies a mirroring formula for the signed interior polynomial in the planar case. We prove that the same property holds for any bipartite graph and the same graph with all signs reversed. The proof relies on Ehrhart reciprocity applied to the so-called root polytope. We also establish formulas for the signed interior polynomial inspired by the knot theoretical notions of flyping and mutation. This leads to new identities for the original unsigned interior polynomial.
Automatic realization of Hopf Galois structures
Authors: Crespo Teresa
Published: October 2020

We consider Hopf Galois structures on a separable field extension [Formula: see text] of degree [Formula: see text], for [Formula: see text] an odd prime number, [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text], we prove that [Formula: see text] has at most one abelian type of Hopf Galois structures. For a nonabelian group [Formula: see text] of order [Formula: see text], with commutator subgroup of order [Formula: see text], we prove that if [Formula: see text] has a Hopf Galois structure of type [Formula: see text], then it has a Hopf Galois structure of type [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is an abelian group of order [Formula: see text] and having the same number of elements of order [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text], for [Formula: see text].
On the global operator and Fueter mapping theorem for slice polyanalytic functions
Authors: Alpay Daniel , Diki Kamal , Sabadini Irene
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we prove that slice polyanalytic functions on quaternions can be considered as solutions of a power of some special global operator with nonconstant coefficients as it happens in the case of slice hyperholomorphic functions. We investigate also an extension version of the Fueter mapping theorem in this polyanalytic setting. In particular, we show that under axially symmetric conditions it is always possible to construct Fueter regular and poly-Fueter regular functions through slice polyanalytic ones using what we call the poly-Fueter mappings. We study also some integral representations of these results on the quaternionic unit ball.
An innovative method for the selection of inhibitors of the viral spike-glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV
Authors: Koshlan T. V. , Kulikov K. G.
Published: October 2020

This paper has developed and described a detailed method for selecting inhibitors based on modified natural peptides for the SARS-CoV BJ01 spike-glycoprotein. The selection of inhibitors is carried out by increasing the affinity of the peptide to the active center of the protein. This paper also provides a step-by-step algorithm for analyzing the affinity of protein interactions and presents an analysis of energy interactions between the active center of a protein and the wild-type peptide interacting with it, taking into account modifications of the latter. A description of the software package that implements the presented algorithm is given on the website https://binomlabs.com/covid19.
Pattern dynamics of a reaction-diffusion predator-prey system with both refuge and harvesting
Authors: Guin Lakshmi Narayan , Pal Sudipta , Chakravarty Santabrata , Djilali Salih
Published: October 2020

We are concerned with a reaction-diffusion predator–prey model under homogeneous Neumann boundary condition incorporating prey refuge (proportion of both the species) and harvesting of prey species in this contribution. Criteria for asymptotic stability (local and global) and bifurcation of the subsequent temporal model system are thoroughly analyzed around the unique positive interior equilibrium point. For partial differential equation (PDE), the conditions of diffusion-driven instability and the Turing bifurcation region in two-parameter space are investigated. The results around the unique interior feasible equilibrium point specify that the effect of refuge and harvesting cooperation is an important part of the control of spatial pattern formation of the species. A series of computer simulations reveal that the typical dynamics of population density variation are the formation of isolated groups within the Turing space, that is, spots, stripe-spot mixtures, labyrinthine, holes, stripe-hole mixtures and stripes replication. Finally, we discuss spatiotemporal dynamics of the system for a number of different momentous parameters via numerical simulations.
Interspecific density-dependent model of predator–prey relationship in the chemostat
Authors: Mtar Tahani , Fekih-Salem Radhouane , Sari Tewfik
Published: October 2020

The objective of this study is to analyze a model of competition for one resource in the chemostat with general interspecific density-dependent growth rates, taking into account the predator–prey relationship. This relationship is characterized by the fact that the prey species promotes the growth of the predator species which in turn inhibits the growth of the first species. The model is a three-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations. With the same dilution rates, the model can be reduced to a planar system where the two models have the same local and even global behavior. The existence and stability conditions of all steady states of the reduced model in the plane are determined according to the operating parameters. Using the nullcline method, we present a geometric characterization of the existence and stability of all equilibria showing the multiplicity of coexistence steady states. The bifurcation diagrams illustrate that the steady states can appear or disappear only through saddle-node or transcritical bifurcations. Moreover, the operating diagrams describe the asymptotic behavior of this system by varying the control parameters and show the effect of the inhibition of predation on the emergence of the bistability region and the reduction until the disappearance of the coexistence region by increasing this inhibition parameter.
Accounting and Characteristics Analysis of CO2 Emissions in Chinese Cities
Authors: WANG Xingmin , WU Jing , WANG Zheng , JIA Xiaoting , BAI Bing
Published: October 2020

Accurate estimation of CO2 emissions is a prerequisite for scientific low-carbon emission policymaking. Based on 20 types of energy consumption data at the prefecture level in China, this paper re-estimates the CO2 emissions of 198 prefecture-level cities in 2016 by using the method of carbon emission coefficient. The spatial pattern and scale characteristics are analyzed, and the conclusions are as follows: (1) Overall, China’s urban CO2 emissions show a certain degree of spatial separation in terms of the total amount, per capita emissions, and emission intensity. Cities with the highest CO2 emissions in China are mainly concentrated in North China, East China and Chongqing, while cities with the highest per capita CO2 emissions and emission intensity are mainly concentrated in Northwest and North China. (2) Different types of cities have different CO2 emission characteristics. Resource-based cities have a higher total amount and emission intensity; tourism and underdeveloped cities both have lower values; while super-large-sized cities and many very-large-sized cities have higher CO2 emissions, but their emission intensities are usually lower; and no obvious rules are found in other cities. (3) Spatial analysis shows that cities with higher CO2 emissions are clustered. The Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta region, Shandong Province, and Shanxi–Henan–Anhui resource-producing areas are the agglomeration areas of high-emission cities. (4) Scale analysis shows that the characteristics of CO2 emissions at different scales are different. Provincial-level research can help to identify the environmental impact and total effect of carbon emissions, while urban-scale research is helpful to explore the diversity and phases of cities. Finally, based on the main conclusions of this study, the corresponding urban low-carbon policy implications are drawn.
Mechanistic Framework for Understanding pH-Induced Electrode Potential Control of AA2024-T351 by Protective Mg-Based Pigmented Coatings
Authors: Santucci R. J. , Scully J. R.
Published: October 2020

The performance of Mg-based coatings for the corrosion protection of AA2024-T351 is a topic of great interest. Findings indicate beneficial corrosion inhibition of AA2024-T351 via dissolution of Mg-based pigments. This functionality is largely source independent, as Mg2+ and OH− can be supplied from either Mg- or MgO-based coatings. The isolated effects of Mg2+ in the form of aqueous ion (

M

g

a
q

2
+

) and Mg(II) corrosion products (MgO, Mg(OH)2, and MgCO3) on the corrosion of AA2024-T351 was subsequently assessed. AA2024-T351, Al2CuMg S-phase, Al-4Cu “matrix phase,” and pure Al were investigated in a variety of Mg2+-affected solution chemistries. A mechanism is proposed which describes how Mg and Mg-based compounds (MgO, Mg(OH)2, MgCO3) may protect the AA2024-T351 substrate by alteration of the solution chemistry (by increasing [Mg2+] and [OH−] during Mg-based dissolution) and subsequent chemical deposition of a Mg(OH)2 film on reactive cathodic corrosion sites triggered by site alkalinity. A framework is developed for exploring the critical pH (9.86) above which the OCP of AA2024-T351 is shifted to more negative values well below the pitting, repassivation, and other critical potentials of various intermetallic phases.
Geographical ancestry affects normal hemoglobin values in high-altitude residents
Authors: Mairbäurl Heimo , Gassmann Max , Muckenthaler Martina U.
Published: October 2020

Increasing the hemoglobin (Hb) concentration is a major mechanism adjusting arterial oxygen content to decreased oxygen partial pressure of inspired air at high altitude. Approximately 5% of the world’s population living at altitudes higher than 1,500 m shows this adaptive mechanism. Notably, there is a wide variation in the extent of increase in Hb concentration among different populations. This short review summarizes available information on Hb concentrations of high-altitude residents living at comparable altitudes (3,500–4,500 m) in different regions of the world. An increased Hb concentration is found in all high-altitude populations. The highest mean Hb concentration was found in adult male Andean residents and in Han Chinese living at high altitude, whereas it was lowest in Ethiopians, Tibetans, and Sherpas. A lower plasma volume in Andean high-altitude natives may offer a partial explanation. Indeed, male Andean high-altitude natives have a lower plasma volume than Tibetans and Ethiopians. Moreover, Hb values were lower in adult, nonpregnant females than in males; differences between populations of different ancestry were less pronounced. Various genetic polymorphisms were detected in high-altitude residents thought to favor life in a hypoxic environment, some of which correlate with the relatively low Hb concentration in the Tibetans and Ethiopians, whereas differences in angiotensin-converting enzyme allele distribution may be related to elevated Hb in the Andeans. Taken together, these results indicate different sensitivity of oxygen dependent control of erythropoiesis or plasma volume among populations of different geographical ancestry, offering explanations for differences in the Hb concentration at high altitude.
Multiplication Operators on Weighted Nakano (sss)
Authors: Bakery Awad A. , Abou Elmatty Afaf R. , Mohamed OM Kalthum S. K.
Published: October 2020

In this article, we investigate the sufficient conditions on weighted Nakano sequence space to be premodular Banach (sss). We examine some topological and geometrical structures of the multiplication operators defined on weighted Nakano prequasi-normed (sss).
Validating the Use of Slag Binder with 91 Percent Blast Furnace Slag for Mine Backfilling
Authors: Yang Xiaobing , Xiao Bolin , Gao Qian
Published: October 2020

The use of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is environmentally sustainable and prevalent in the cement industry, but the original alkali‐activated slag binder cannot be used for mine backfilling. Few reports have studied slag binders with high slag proportions (>90%) and low‐cost activators (solid waste is used) that have higher performance than cement for backfilling. To increase the utilization of slag in the mining industry, this work presents a new slag binder (SB) comprised of 91% slag powder and 9% activator (3% clinker, 5% desulfurized gypsum, and 1% mirabilite). Its performance was evaluated by testing its strength, yield stress, and viscosity, which are three key properties for backfilling. We also investigated its microstructure using SEM, XRD and thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG). The results showed that the SB composites have a slightly lower early‐age (<3 d) strength but a higher long‐term strength (>28 d). Although the SB backfilling composites had a twofold higher yield stress and nearly the same viscosity as Portland cement, the pressure drop in a pipe was only slightly higher through friction factor modeling. The proposed SB may provide a sustainable binder for the mining industry with better performance and lower cost.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Self-Medication among Pregnant Women on Antenatal Care Follow-Up at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sema Faisel Dula , Addis Deres Gezahegn , Melese Eshetie Azezew , Nassa Demeke Dana , Kifle Zemene Demelash
Published: October 2020

Background. Self-medication is being prevalent throughout the globe. Although pregnant women are among the most vulnerable group of the population for drug-induced adverse effects on their fetus and themselves, many pregnant women use self-medication without adequate safety precautions. Objective. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated factors of self-medication among pregnant women on antenatal care follow-up at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Methods. A cross-sectional study was employed among 400 pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital between February 01 and May 30, 2019. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS® (IBM Corporation) version 22. Descriptive statistics were presented using frequency and proportion. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with self-medication with a 95% confidence level and p value of 0.05. Results. Among 400 respondents, the prevalence of self-medication during the current pregnancy was 44.8% (95% CI=40.5-50). Among all respondents (400), 38.0% (95% CI=33.3-42.8) and 12.5% (95% CI=9.5-15) used herbal and conventional medicine, respectively. Self-medication showed a significant association with a previous history of self-medication and monthly income. Conclusions. The prevalence of self-medication among pregnant women is considerably high. The previous history of self-medication and monthly income showed a significant association with self-medication. Awareness creation should be done for reproductive-age women on the potential risks of self-medication.
Analysis on the Impact of Data Augmentation on Target Recognition for UAV-Based Transmission Line Inspection
Authors: Song Chunhe , Xu Wenxiang , Wang Zhongfeng , Yu Shimao , Zeng Peng , Ju Zhaojie
Published: October 2020

Target recognition is one of the core tasks of transmission line inspection based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), and at present plenty of deep learning-based methods have been developed for it. To enhance the generalization ability of the recognition models, a huge number of training samples are needed to cover most of all possible situations. However, due to the complexity of the environmental conditions and targets, and the limitations of images’ collection and annotation, the samples usually are insufficient when training a deep learning model for target recognition, which is one of the main factors reducing the performance of the model. To overcome this issue, some data augmentation methods have been developed to generate additional samples for model training. Although these methods have been widely used, currently there is no quantitative study on the impact of the data augmentation methods on target recognition. In this paper, taking insulator strings as the target, the impact of a series of widely used data augmentation methods on the accuracy of target recognition is studied, including histogram equalization, Gaussian blur, random translation, scaling, cutout, and rotation. Extensive tests are carried out to verify the impact of the augmented samples in the training set, the test set, or the both. Experimental results show that data augmentation plays an important role in improving the accuracy of recognition models, in which the impacts of the data augmentation methods such as Gaussian blur, scaling, and rotation are significant.
Granulomatous Dermatitis and Systemic Disease: An Association to Consider
Authors: Corrà Alberto , Quintarelli Lavinia , Verdelli Alice , Portelli Francesca , Massi Daniela , Caproni Marzia
Published: October 2020

Granuloma annulare (GA) and interstitial granulomatous dermatitis (IGD) are granulomatous dermatoses with variable clinical appearances. GA is associated with diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, chronic infections, and malignancies, while two Japanese reports described unusual cases of interstitial‐type GA in setting of Sjogren syndrome. IGD was associated with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and autoantibodies. We report a case series of six patients with GA or IGD. Half of the patients were diagnosed with Sjogren syndrome, while all of them presented ANA positivity and the majority reported arthralgia. In many cases, GA showed interstitial‐type histology, arising challenges in differential diagnosis with IGD. The overlap of clinical and histological features of GA and IGD can be explained considering them as a broad disease spectrum, including also the other forms of reactive granulomatous dermatitis. These conditions should be considered as an indicator of possible systemic disorders or other immunological dyscrasias, for which patients must be screened. Sjogren syndrome may be associated to GA also in Caucasians.