bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Problem-Solving as a Moderator Between the Relationship of Loneliness and Suicidal Behaviors in Older Adults
Authors:   , Himelfarb Aliayah R. , Nezu Arthur M.
Published: July 2022

The rise in suicide risk among older adults is increasingly recognized as a significant public health concern. In response to the current trends, empirical investigation into specific factors that contribute to suicidal behaviors within this demographic remains imperative. Loneliness is a potential motivating phase factor, increasing the likelihood of suicidal ideation developing. Within the older adult population, loneliness and social problem-solving (SPS) ability have been independently linked to suicidality. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between loneliness and suicide ideation, in addition to determining whether SPS moderates this relationship between loneliness and suicide ideation. Self-report data were collected from 135 older adults who completed an online study using a crowdsourcing platform. The study included a demographic questionnaire and the following validated self-report measures: UCLA Loneliness Scale, Social Problem-Solving (SPS) Inventory-Short Form (SPSI-R), Brief Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale (BGSIS), and a brief COVID-19 questionnaire. Validated by the study, loneliness, and SPS were both found to be significantly associated with suicide ideation. Also, as quantified, the results suggest the moderating role of SPS between loneliness and suicide ideation. The findings of this study demonstrate the potential importance of adaptive social problem-solving abilities in decreasing suicidal behaviors in older adults and provides a preliminary rationale for utilizing an Emotion-Centered Problem-Solving Therapy (EC-PST) treatment approach. This study adds to a larger literature base indicating that loneliness confers a unique risk for suicide among older adults that may be attenuated by social problem-solving abilities and may inform suicide prevention and treatment planning efforts.
Should I Stay, or Should I Go?
Authors:   , Francavillo Rachel M. , Yau Pamela
Published: July 2022

This study explores how human resource policies help or hinder the career advancement of leaders who identify as women in nonprofit theater organizations at varying budget sizes in the United States. An anonymous, adaptive survey using the platform Qualtrics collected information from women working in nonprofit theater organizations as department directors and managers or executives, as well as women who have voluntarily left director or executive level jobs since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were asked to provide information including the state in which they are/were employed, the organization's budget size, the benefits offered and accepted through their employer, and human resource policies such as anti-discrimination and sexual harassment. Data collected from the survey were cleaned and analyzed to determine any patterns between women who have left their employer and the benefits that were or were not offered to them during their time of employment. Data were also analyzed to determine which, if any, benefits or policies have contributed to the retention and/or advancement of women still working for their employer. At the end of the study, it became clear that a lack of career advancement opportunities and family-friendly workplace policies and benefits continue to pose an alarming threat to both the advancement and retention of women leaders in the arts.
El referente espacial en la construcción de la identidad personal en habitantes del rural del sur de Honduras:
Authors: Pino García Miguel
Published: July 2022

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo hacer una exploración preliminar del referente espacial en el discurso autobiográfico de varios sujetos procedentes del rural hondureño, a propósito de un proyecto de cooperación para el desarrollo que conlleva un cambio en el tipo de suministro de agua, desde una perspectiva de género. En diversas experiencias en la cooperación para el desarrollo el cambio del suministro de agua ha provocado más reestructuraciones sociales de las esperadas, y que han afectado especialmente al universo femenino. El presente estudio analiza el discurso de dos sujetos, un hombre y una mujer, para analizar si este cambio en el suministro hídrico revela aspectos de interés en la construcción social de los espacios, con el interés que esto conlleva para los proyectos de Derecho Humano al Agua.
La contribución al feminismo de la ilustración artivista en redes sociales: el caso de “Feminista ilustrada”
Authors: Galarza Fernández Emelina , Castro-Martinez Andrea
Published: July 2022

Este estudio de caso aborda el estudio de las ilustraciones en Instagram (IG) de “Feminista ilustrada” en el contexto de la cuarta ola del movimiento feminista desde la perspectiva de análisis de la Teoría Crítica. Se examinan los planteamientos teóricos presentes en su discurso y se caracteriza su estilo visual y narrativo desde un prisma de artivismo feminista. Se emplean la entrevista en profundidad y el análisis de contenido de las 388 publicaciones y 99 stories publicadas en IG desde la apertura del perfil en 2016 hasta septiembre de 2020. En la producción de la autora están presentes las agendas de las cuatro olas con una intencionalidad pedagógica, ya que, mediante un estilo propio y numerosas referencias a la cultura popular, pretende contribuir a la reflexión y el debate feminista. “Feminista ilustrada” constituye así un caso de artivismo y ciberactivismo en redes que contribuye al capital social del feminismo.
High Levels of Empathic Concern in Fibromyalgia Patients
Authors: Leyton-Hernández Deborah , Vales-Motta Lisandro Heber
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome that is characterized by chronic pain, fatigue, and sleep, cognitive and mood disorders. From a clinical standpoint, these patients have excessive concern for others, which is related to their empathic capacity. There are few studies on social cognition in FM.

Materials and Methods: The relationship between FM and empathy was studied in 22 adults with FM. Instruments: Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI).

Results: High scores were observed in all of the domains of empathy. Relationships were found indicating that: 1) the lower the fantasy, the greater the overall impact of FM; 2) the greater the personal distress, the greater the FM symptomatology.

Conclusions: People with FM present high empathic capacity; and empathic concern stands out as a primary dimension of empathy. Fantasy seems to be a buffer in FM. High levels of personal distress are associated with increased symptomatology of Fibromyalgia.
hermenéutica constitucional y la cultura de derechos humanos en tiempos de pandemia COVID-2019
Authors: Chacin-Fuenmayor Ronald
Published: July 2022

La crisis del COVID-2019, sus implicaciones socio jurídicas, se abordan mediante su incidencia en los derechos humanos, consecuencia del Estado de emergencia dictado en Colombia en el año 2020, para el resguardo del derecho a la salud, pero generando a su vez una situación de conflictos entre diversos tipos de derechos. El trabajo constituye una reflexión sustentada en una investigación bibliográfica mediante la indagación documental sobre decisiones del poder ejecutivo y de la corte constitucional que ejercen su control, referentes a la regulación jurídica de la pandemia del COVID-2019 en Colombia, además de la normativa constitucional y legal y la doctrina referida a la temática. El objetivo es demostrar como la hermenéutica constitucional, mediante los principios de proporcionalidad, ponderación y el contenido esencial, es capaz de  fomentar una mayor cultura de los derechos humanos, debido a que estos lineamientos interpretativos  pueden ser comprendidos por la ciudadanía mediante una labor que abarque la educación, con el concurso no solo de  abogados sino también de  maestros, sociólogos, ONGs entre otros.
Actitudes y capacidades frente a la innovación educativa: Desde la percepción de docentes y directivos de establecimientos educativos de la región del Biobío, Chile
Authors: Vera-Sagredo Angelica , Constenla-Núñez Jaime , Jara-Coatt Pilar
Published: July 2022

La innovación en educación es imprescindible para dar respuestas a las nuevas exigencias de la sociedad, que demanda de nuestros profesores competencias deseables para este siglo, esto implica, no solo la utilización de metodologías actualizadas, sino que la integración de nuevos modelos pedagógicos. En este contexto, se han analizado las actitudes y capacidades de los docentes frente a la innovación educativa desde la percepción de profesores y directivos de establecimientos educacionales de la región del Biobío, Chile (N=255). Los estudios comparativos de diferencias de medias se realizaron mediante el análisis de ANOVA, prueba t de Student y las correlaciones a través del coeficiente de Pearson. Los principales resultados señalan que el profesorado percibe que para la innovación en el aula es necesario, dedicar tiempo para la preparación de sus clases, retroalimentar a los estudiantes, trabajar en equipo y una formación constante en metodologías innovadoras. Se evidenció que las TIC son utilizadas para la preparación de material didáctico y las tareas administrativas.
ASSESSING THE METEOROLOGICAL DROUGHT LEVEL IN THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE
Authors: Hoang Luu Thu Thuy , Le Gia Dung , Pham Thi Cuc , Vuong Van Vu , Tran Thi Mui , Tong Phuc Tuan , Le Duc Hanh , Do Thi Van Huong
Published: July 2022

The study aims to assess the degree of drought in Thai Nguyen province by using two indices including (i) the K drought index, and (ii) the Sazonov drought index (Sa.I). According to the value of Kn, the north of the province is sufficiently moist, while the plain region (the center and the south of the province) is dry (Kn= 2.6). The Sa.I index is used to assess the evolution of the drought levels in the region in the period 1961 - 2020. Drought tends to increase throughout the region. The value of Sa.I index fluctuates from -4 to 3 with the year frequency of drought occurrence accounting for 27.5%, of which 12.5% is severe. The assessment results on the degree of meteorological drought in Thai Nguyen province are the scientific basis for the arrangement and restructuring of the crop in agricultural production and making important contributions to the prevention and mitigation of drought natural disasters.
Brazilian Scientific and Technological Production on Carbon Materials: an Exploratory Study (2010–2022)
Authors: Leão Mayara Bitencourt , Züge Gabriele , Jauris Carolina Ferreira de Matos
Published: July 2022

Carbon has been widely studied worldwide, mainly due to its numerous application possibilities. Despite this, no studies statistically report the realization of these studies in Brazil. In this sense, the objective of this work was to carry out a statistical survey of works with carbon materials published by Brazilian authors between 2010 and 2022, using the Web of Science platform. In addition, patents filed with the INPI were evaluated. The results showed that the country is the 15th country globally with the highest number of publications with carbon materials; however, a decrease in the number of publications was observed in the last three years and a great disproportion between the five Brazilian regions.
“Historias urbanas de ciudades intermedias de América Latina”
Authors: Hernández-Ciro Eulalia , Sánchez-Calderón Fabio Vladimir , Martínez-Botero Sebastián
Published: July 2022

“Historias urbanas de ciudades intermedias de América Latina”
Representaciones históricas sobre los orígenes del poblamiento urbano de Bucaramanga, Colombia (1922 – 2022)
Authors: Pérez-Pinzón Luis Rubén
Published: July 2022

Los orígenes urbanos de Bucaramanga están polarizados entre una representación que desde el siglo XIX promueve su actual origen en 1778 al erigirse como parroquia, en contraste con la crónica documental que desde 1914 defiende su fundación al ser congregados los indios del Río del Oro en un pueblo y su resguardo desde 1622. Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión de las causas de esa polarización historiográfica a partir del contraste entre las fuentes primarias consultadas por los cronistas del siglo XIX y la continuidad del discurso fundacional entre las fuentes secundarias consultadas por los académicos del siglo XX. Se concluye que Otero D’Costa reconoció un origen y transición institucional del pueblo de indios a parroquia de blancos, validado por la historiografía profesional regional, pero sus lectores tergiversaron el imaginario fundacional propuesto y aún divulgan que la ciudad es resultado del acto congregacional realizado por un capitán fundador.
Percepción de los empleadores sobre el desempeño del profesional de enfermería de la Universidad Industrial de Santander
Authors: Fajardo-Peña María Teresa , Cardozo-Ortiz Claudia Esperanza , Padilla-García Clara Inés
Published: July 2022

Introducción: realizar procesos de actualización y mejoramiento de los programas en enfermería, que respondan a una realidad social y permitan evaluar el impacto de los graduados en el medio, requiere conocer la percepción que tienen los empleadores sobre su desempeño. Objetivo: analizar la percepción del empleador sobre el desempeño del profesional de enfermería de la Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS). Metodología: estudio transversal analítico llevado a cabo en empleadores de graduados de enfermería UIS. Se diseñó un instrumento para evaluar la percepción del desempeño de los graduados y se aplicó de forma anónima, presencial o virtual, a los empleadores. Resultados: se encuestaron 85 empleadores, en su mayoría procedentes del departamento de Santander (88 %), con rol de coordinador de servicios asistenciales (37,6 %). De los 20 ítems, 19 fueron valorados por encima de 4 puntos sobre 5, se destacó la percepción que tienen los empleadores sobre el desempeño ético y de respeto con puntajes medios por encima de 4,4; igualmente, valoraron mejor la dimensión social (4,41 + 0,55), mientras que el trabajo autónomo (4,09 + 0,93) y la integración de investigación (3,81 + 1) tuvieron la percepción más baja. Conclusiones: los graduados de enfermería UIS, son percibidos por sus empleadores como profesionales con un desempeño ético y respetuoso de los derechos de los demás, con competencias para resolver problemas desde su profesión y con capacidad crítica y autocrítica. Además, al momento de la contratación existe preferencia por los graduados de este programa, en algunos roles o tipos de institución, así mismo, se percibe un adecuado nivel de satisfacción por su desempeño y un alto nivel de recomendación.
Predicting Agent’s Behavior: A Systematic Mapping Review
Authors: Sandoval Gustavo , Imbert Ricardo , Cantuña Karla
Published: July 2022

The agent's capability to acquire, infer, and store the knowledge of other agents is known as agent modeling. Agent modeling addresses the problem of reasoning about an opponent, which is a critical task in competitive situations, or reasoning about a partner, which is important in situations of cooperation, communication, and to enhance social connections. The modeling information is useful to reason about the agent's intentions, to understand its current behavior, and to predict its future behavior. The objective of this work is to carry out a systematic mapping review of the investigations that address this problem in the last 13 years. As a result, the area was categorized in four dimensions, three wide methods, and identified twelve characteristics on the gathered data. The contribution of each investigation has been studied and offer an analysis of each one, as well as a summary of the use cases where the researchers are applying agent modeling. Finally, open problems in the area that could become future lines of research are identified.
A Study on DNA Profiling Techniques and Transnational Exchange of DNA Data from Databank
Authors: Padmanabhan Abhishek Sharma , Sapna S.
Published: July 2022

DNA technology has shown to be a valuable investigative tool in the release of innocent people and the identification of those responsible for serious crimes. In the battle against illegal immigration, cross-border crime, and terrorism, the transnational DNA data interchange from national DNA databanks has become a current trend. The data types that can be shared and the system is managed by a national authority are governed by individual national legislation, which determines the scope of the data exchange. Furthermore, one of the most difficult problems in forensic science is DNA profiling, and it is a hotly debated topic. The number of unknowns in a combination raises the computational difficulty of DNA profiling dramatically. To overcome this issue, various approaches have been designed and implemented. As a result, we examine DNA profiling methodologies and tools in this study, focusing on their computational accuracy and performance. Furthermore, this research examines the available data on DNA exchange and comparison across borders. We hope this review provides more ideas for future research to choose efficient profiling techniques.
Modular Ontology Design: A State-of-Art of Diseases Ontology Modeling and Possible Issue
Authors: Lazarre Warda , Guidedi Kaladzavi , Amaria Samdalle , Kolyang
Published: July 2022

The evolution of ontological engineering leaded authors to use some techniques of software engineering to design ontologies. Are obtained from these techniques the monolithic or modularized Ontologies. When is difficult to reuse some concepts of monolithic ontologies, modularized Ontologies facilitate ontology management, understandability and reuse. This paper aims to survey on ontology modularization techniques and their contribution in biomedical ontologies design. Modularization reposed on appropriated techniques and some challenges related to ontology reused, scalable querying, collaborative authoring, and distributed reasoning. For most of disease ontologies, more especially ontologies which reused IDO, these challenges are not considered, and most of them are implemented with OWL language and the novel mode to construct ontology’s purpose is to facilitate reuse and interoperability of ontologies ensured by modularization.
Surface albedo retrieval based on high spatial resolution data
Authors:   Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics RAS, Nikolaeva O.V.
Published: July 2022

The paper aims to compare the accuracy of three methods of solving the atmospheric correction problem for a Lambertian surface using high spatial resolution remotely sensed data. Three couples of formulas are presented. Each couple contains a formula for expressing the reflectance in a target pixel at the upper boundary of the atmosphere via albedo in target and adjacent pixels of the surface and a formula for the surface albedo in a target pixel via reflectances. The derivation of each couple of formulas is given. Derivation conditions are presented. Formulas of only one couple are found by solving the radiation transport equation in 1D geometry. Formulas of two other couples include values obtained by solving the transport equation in 3D geometry. Results of testing the accuracy of all formulas when solving an atmospheric correction problem on data of high (30 m) spatial resolution are given. Problems with aerosol optical depths from 0.2 to 2 for a wavelength of (lambda)=0.55(mu)m for all possible albedo values (from 0.1 to 0.9) in target and adjacent pixels are considered. It is shown that only one couple of formulas out of the three gives high accuracy under any condition. Formulas of the two other couples give sufficient accuracy (with less than 10 % error) only for a small value of the aerosol optical depth and a small difference of the albedo of the target and adjacent pixels.
A comparative characterization of the properties of biocatalysts containing chemotrypsin immobilized on polysaccharide supports
Authors: Krasnoshtanova A. A. , Besyaeva A. D.
Published: July 2022

In this work, the effect exerted by the type of polysaccharide support for immobilization and encapsulation on the stability of chemotrypsin was studied. The synthesized biocatalysts were compared with respect to their proteolytic activity. The highest proteolytic activity equal to 192 U/g was observed for the cellulose-chitosan composite. It was found that immobilization slightly shifts the temperature and pH optima of chemotrypsin; however, they are substantially expanded toward higher temperatures and alkaline pH values. A relative increase in the activity of immobilized chemotrypsin was most pronounced in the case of cellulose-chitosan composite. After a 24 month storage of cellulose-chitosan and cellulose-alginate composites, a decrease in chemotrypsin activity did not exceed 45–50 %. The study revealed that the optimal support for immobilization of chemotrypsin is the cellulose-chitosan composite.
Erratum
Authors: Arcticle Editorial
Published: July 2022

In the article "Hydrogenation of 1,3-pentadiene on modified Pd-containing catalysts" by the authors L.M. Kustov, A.L. Tarasov, A.L. Kustov, published in the journal Kataliz v promyshlennоsti/Catalysis in Industry, Vol. 22, No. 3, 2022, p. 31–37 (DOI 10.18412/1816-0387-2022-3-31-37) an error was made in the grant number in the acknowledgment, which should be corrected as follows: The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for financial support (project No. 075- 15-2021-978).
Courbe de Laffer de la relation entre la dette publique et la croissance en Afrique : importance de la qualité institutionnelle
Authors: Okombi Idrys Fransmel
Published: July 2022

Plusieurs travaux soutiennent l'idée selon laquelle il existe un niveau d'endettement (point de retournement), au-delà duquel la dette publique commence à réduire la croissance économique. Toutefois, le seuil estimé varie selon les études et donne un aperçu incomplet du niveau d'endettement qui maximise la croissance. Selon l'état de nos connaissances, aucune étude n'a expliqué les causes de cette variation dans le contexte des pays d'Afrique. Cette étude vise à montrer que le seuil de la dette qui maximise la croissance dépend du niveau de la corruption, de la qualité de la démocratie et de l'efficacité du gouvernement. Pour y parvenir, nous avons pris appui sur un échantillon de 45 pays africains, pour la période couvrant 1996-2018. Nos résultats, obtenus par les méthodes d'estimations LSDVC et GMM-SYS suggèrent que les niveaux d'endettement public au-dessus desquels la croissance diminue, varient en fonction de la qualité des institutions. Plus précisément, lorsque la qualité institutionnelle est bonne, l'effet négatif de la dette publique sur la croissance se produit à des taux d'endettement plus élevés.
L'endettement des pays de l'UEMOA à l'égard de la Chine
Authors: Pairault Thierry
Published: July 2022

La conjoncture sanitaire de l'année 2020 a contraint le FMI et la Banque Mondiale à publier des informations qui autrement n'étaient pas rendues publiques pour justifier un allégement de la dette des pays dont l'endettement pourrait être jugé trop dangereux. Dans ces circonstances où tout se dit que ce soit pour louanger ou diaboliser les financements chinois en Afrique, nous tentons juste de rassembler les données disponibles en particulier celles nouvellement publiées, pour nous interroger sur le poids réel de la dette des huit pays de l'UEMOA à l'égard de la Chine, et sur la signification de cet endettement pour les stratégies de développement.
Effect of Parental Involvement on Perceptions of Physical Education
Authors: Paulson Anna , Hodges Kulinna Pamela , van der Mars Hans
Published: July 2022

This study sought to address the large gap in the literature regarding parents’ roles and views about physical education programs. Guided by Epstein’s model of parental involvement, this study investigated the effect of increased parental involvement in a child’s physical education program on parents’ perceptions of that program. Participants included 31 parents (28 female, 3 male) of students enrolled in fifth- through eighth-grade physical education classes at a school in the Southwestern United States. The design employed was a pre–post mixed-methods design. Over 6 weeks, the physical education teacher increased communication with parents through twice-weekly newsletters, weekly emails, family homework assignments, and family physical activities. Parents completed three validated surveys and open-ended questions, while the teacher kept field notes across the intervention. Parents increased their positive views of physical education, communication with teachers, and ideas about the importance of the field as well as their perceptions of their connections with physical education and ability to support their students in developing healthy lifestyle behaviors. Four themes emerged from the data including (a) lifetime physical activity, (b) socialization, (c) immediate benefits of physical education, and (d) parental support. The results of this study suggest that regular, open parent–teacher communication regarding physical education programming plays an important role in promoting the field. Extra effort by teachers in facilitating opportunities for parental engagement led to more positive perceptions and value of the physical education program by parents. This investment of teacher time is essential for maintaining positive parents’ and students’ perceptions of quality physical education programming and creating more partners and advocates for the field.
Jerzy Grobicki (1891–1972). Od Legii Cudzoziemskiej do generała WP. Biografia kawalerzysty
Authors: Dubicki Tadeusz
Published: July 2022

Artykuł omawia postać Jerzego Grobickiego (1891–1972), który służył jako oficer armii cesarsko-królewskiej i został pułkownikiem Wojska Polskiego w II RP. Brał udział w I i II wojnie światowej, a po wojnie wyemigrował do Kanady.
Mit apolityczności sportu w kontekście działań Międzynarodowego Komitetu Olimpijskiego
Authors: Kobierecki Michał M.
Published: July 2022

Artykuł poświęcony jest zagadnieniu apolitycznego charakteru sportu. Badania mają na celu prześledzenie stanowiska Międzynarodowego Komitetu Olimpijskiego wobec upolitycznienia sportu i skonfrontowanie go z faktyczną działalnością MKOl, którą można określić jako polityczną. Badania doprowadziły do wniosku, że apolityczny charakter sportu to tylko mit. Masowa popularność sportu skłoniła wiele państw do prób wykorzystania go do celów politycznych, zmuszając MKOl do zajmowania stanowisk politycznych i przenoszenia sporów politycznych na swoje forum.
Cancer Prevention and Diagnosis Knowledge among Spanish-speaking Older Latino/as Residing in Tampa, Florida
Authors: Carrion Iraida V. , Neelamegam Malinee , Estapé Tania , Doering Tracy , Snynder Olivia , Tollinchi Ebony , Estapé Jorge
Published: July 2022

Objective: Cancer remains the leading cause of death among Latino/as in the United States, and advancing age is a major risk factor for developing most cancer types. Given the growing population of Latino/as immigrants aged ≥60 years and the cur­rent lack of relevant data, this study aims to understand the cancer prevention and perception of cancer diagnosis among older Latinos to ensure that they receive effective prevention, intervention, and psychosocial care.Method: A survey exploring attitudes about cancer was developed and administered in Spanish. Using convenience sampling, 168 individuals identifying as Latino/as were surveyed in Tampa, Florida. Descriptive analysis was conducted to understand study population characteristics. Frequencies were assessed to understand the participants’ responses to cancer-related attitude ques­tions. The effects of age, country of origin, length of stay in the United States, and marital status on the participants’ cancer-related attitudes were assessed using logistic regression.Results: The mean age of the study par­ticipants was 67.9 years, 34.5% were male, and the mean length of stay in the United States was 25.8 years. In total, 29% and 24.4% of the participants knew that breast cancer and prostate cancer, respectively, can be diagnosed early. Individuals with an elementary education were less likely to have sufficient knowledge of cancer preven­tion and diagnosis. Additionally, 93.5% of the population was aware that tobacco use can lead to cancer, and 84.5% knew that exposure to tobacco smoke can affect both the smoker and their family.Conclusion: Older Latino/as possess knowledge about cancer causes yet lack knowledge regarding cancer prevention and diagnosis, potentially creating barriers and causing them to avoid treatment. Focusing on cancer-related health education among older Latino/as is a step toward appropriate and equitable cancer care.Ethn Dis. 2022; 32(3):185-192; doi:10.18865/ed.32.3.185
Race-Ethnic Differences of ST -Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Findings from a New York Health System Registry
Authors: Murray Christopher S. G. , Zamora Cristian , Shitole Sanyog G. , Christa Panagiota , Lee Un Jung , Bortnick Anna E. , Kizer Jorge R. , Rodriguez Carlos J.
Published: July 2022

Background: Race and ethnicity are major considerations in the incidence, manage­ment, and long-term outcome of ST-eleva­tion myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the United States, but there is limited existing comparative data.Methods: We assembled a registry in a health system serving Bronx, NY of STEMI patients from 2008-2014 and analyzed differences in presentation, treatment and mortality between Hispanic/Latino (H/L), non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispan­ic White (NHW). Upon discharge post-treat­ment for STEMI, all patients were followed for a median of 4.4 years (interquartile range 2.5, 6.0). Out of 966 STEMI patients, mean age was 61 years, 46% were H/L and 65% were male. H/Ls and NHBs had a higher prevalence of hypertension and dia­betes mellitus than their NHW counterparts, coinciding with a lower socioeconomic status (SES).Results: The number of critically diseased vessels found at cardiac catheterization and mean troponin levels did not vary by race-ethnicity; neither did the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for death. However, age-sex ad­justed rates of general hospital readmission were higher in NHBs vs NHWs (HR 1.30, P=.03). Age-sex adjusted cardiovascular readmissions rates were higher in H/Ls than NHWs (HR 1.42, P=.03). Age-sex adjusted heart failure readmissions were increased for both H/Ls (HR 2.14, P=.01) and NHBs (HR 2.12, P=.02) over NHWs.Conclusions: Among STEMI patients, a higher prevalence of modifiable cardiovas­cular risk factors and a lower SES was seen among NHBs and H/Ls compared to NHWs. Despite similar coronary disease severity and in-hospital death, NHBs and H/Ls had a greater risk of general, cardiovascular and heart failure readmissions post-STEMI com­pared to NHWs.Ethn Dis. 2022;32(3):193- 202; doi:10.18865/ed.32.3.193
State of evidence and future perspectives in minimally invasive management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Authors: Bell Reginald
Published: July 2022

The future of minimally invasive treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) will be realized through collaborative precision medicine more than any foreseeable new technology. Multidisciplinary foregut societies are fostering the collaboration and expertise needed to provide a personalized treatment of GERD. Patient-centric therapy will consider combination therapies’ clinical successes. Taking a patient uncontrolled on medication to controlled via a combination of medicine and a procedure will replace the historical mutual exclusivity of acid-suppressive medication or surgery as a treatment for GERD. Research directed at precision medicine will focus on subgroup analysis rather than randomized controlled trials. Recognition of the crural diaphragm as a reflux barrier which fails in GERD patients regardless of the presence of an axial hernia has resulted from modalities such as 3-D high-resolution impedance manometry, endoscopic ultrasound, functional luminal impedance planimetry. More precise patient selection for purely endoscopic therapies will be possible.The concept of hernia reduction will be replaced by calibration of the crural repair to restore its sphincteric function. Partnering a surgically calibrated hernia repair partnered with interventional gastrointestinal endoscopic reinforcement of the lower esophageal sphincter will foster physician alliances and offer patient-centric alternatives to traditional fundoplication. As such, laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication will lose its historical primacy and be relegated to the most severe GERD. Magnetic sphincter augmentation (LINX®), varing degrees of partial fundoplication, and endoluminal therapies with or without hiatal hernia repair will become the mainstay of GERD AntiReflux Procedures. Radio Frequency modulation (Stretta®) may be an alternative to neuromodulators in treating the acid-sensitive esophagus. The nascent era of endoscopic robotics will improve precision, reproducibility and revive natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.
A PROPOSAL FOR A MOBILE SYSTEM OF VEHICLE AND RAIL TRACK DIAGNOSTICS
Authors: KOMORSKI Paweł , KOMINOWSKI Julian , MOTYL Mateusz
Published: July 2022

The proper technical condition of a vehicle and rail track in operation is a key aspect in terms of safety and travel comfort. This issue is of particular importance for operators and managers of rolling stock and rail infrastructure. Currently, many diagnostic systems have been developed to monitor the technical condition of selected vehicle systems or rail track from the viewpoints of both the vehicle and track. This article proposes the use of vibration signals in selected quantitative and qualitative analyses as the main diagnostic parameter. For this purpose, over a dozen vibration measurements were carried out during the normal operation of a freight wagon as part of a so-called passive experiment. Measurement points were located on the axle boxes of the wheelsets. The proposed research methodology served as a basis for comparative analyses of the selected operational cases that were investigated. The most important conclusion from the study is that it is possible to monitor the technical condition of vehicles and tracks in real time on the basis of measurements of vibration accelerations at the vehicle level. This directly increases the service life of rolling stock and optimises operating costs by changing the maintenance strategy to one that takes into account the idea of modern on-board technical diagnostics. Another important aspect is the possibility of the varied use of the proposed measurement system, depending on the purpose of the research, which is also associated with the diagnostician’s experience in processing vibroacoustic signals and the utilisation of simple or complex quantitative and qualitative analyses.
MULTICRITERIA TRAIN RUNNING MODEL AND SIMULATOR FOR RAILWAY CAPACITY ASSESSMENT
Authors: WOJNAR Grzegorz , IRLIK Maciej
Published: July 2022

Railway line capacity is growing in importance as a criterion for the assessment of railroad infrastructure performance. This problem is becoming more and more relevant as the demand for rail transport increases, especially considering the transport policy related to the promotion of climate-neutral means of transport. Insufficient capacity affects the stability and reliability of railway traffic operations. The analytical methods used for capacity estimation are typically insufficient to solve problems of a multicriteria nature (i.e. problems which take traffic heterogeneity and human factors into account). Optimisation methods, on the other hand, usually yield the best results if the current timetable for a given line is known. Additionally, they do not strongly consider the impact of the running characteristics of a specific train type and of the system or several systems in operation on the line (e.g. national Class B system and ERTMS/ETCS system). Therefore, this paper proposes a model and a simulation program developed in the Matlab and Simulink environment to be used to simulate on-route train movement, to study railroad capacity with different control systems, as well as for predictive train control to minimise energy losses. The authors described the assumptions adopted for the simulation program and the input parameters configurable against a specific line segment. They also discussed selected results derived from simulations of controlling the departure of trains to a railway line with the purpose of energy loss reduction.
Effect of Flag Leaf Reflectance Index (RGB) on Grain Filling in Some Durum Wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] Cultivars Sowed under Semi-arid Condition
Authors: Oulmi Abdelmalek , Guendouz Ali , Frih Benalia , Benkadja Sarah
Published: July 2022

: Our study aim to test the influence of RGB reflectance and chlorophyll content on grain fill and grain yield of 15 durum wheat cultivars sown under semi-arid conditions. the evolution of chlorophyll content during three stages showed a stability during the heading stage, the chlorophyll content begins at this degradation during grain filling. Boutaleb genotype which was the best yielding genotype was characterized by low values ​​of RGB reflectance and high values ​​of majority of grain filling parameters and thousand kernels weight. Grain filling follows a sigmoid curve. Chlorophyll content was positively correlated with reflectance under the green band and negatively with both Red and Blue bands. A positive correlation was recorded between thousand kernel weight and grain yield, maximum grain dry weight and grain filling duration. The duration of the grain filling was positively influenced by the maximum dry weight of the grain and negatively by the grain filling ratio, the grain filling ratio was positively affected by reflectance at blue band. The principal component analysis separated the cultivars considered into 3 principal components, the absorption/reflectance component, the profitability component and the component of grain filling rate to which the local landrace Boutaleb belongs in terms of grain yield.
Two-factor patterns construction in problems of texts classification
Authors: Voronina Maria Yurievna , Kislitsyn Alexey Alexeevich , Orlov Yurii Nikolaevich
Published: July 2022

Two-factor patterns of empirical distributions of bigram frequencies for machine classification of texts by authors and subject are constructed. Text attributes are recognized by the nearest neighbor method in relation to reference distributions. The proximity between distributions is understood in the sense of the norm in L1. The "author-topic" pair of an unknown text is defined as a nearest neighbor pattern. The problem of recognizing the author regardless of the topic of the text and the topic regardless of the author is analyzed. The possibilities of enlarging and detailing classification features are also being investigated.
Esophageal motility disorder and high CD206 expression in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Paraskevova A.V. , Trukhmanov A.S. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Storonova O.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Ponomarev A.B. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Ivashkin V.T. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2022

Objective. To study the immune response and esophageal motility in patients with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) complicated by intestinal-type cylindrical cell metaplasia (CCM), and Barrett’s esophagus (BE). Patients and methods. The study included 30 patients: 10 patients with NERD, 10 patients with GERD complicated by intestinaltype CCM, and 10 patients with BE. All patients underwent high-resolution esophageal manometry. The expression levels of surface receptors CD25, CD80 (Th1-type immune response) and CD163, CD206 (Th2-type immune response) were analyzed. Results. The analysis revealed high CD206 expression in patients with NERD and GERD complicated by intestinal-type CCM compared to BE (р = 0.011, р = 0.075, respectively). In patients with NERD, median distal contractile integral (DCI) was 920 [178; 2033] mmHg⋅s⋅cm; in patients with GERD complicated by intestinal-type CCM, it was 1046 [223; 3759] mmHg⋅s⋅cm; in patients with BE – 276 [1; 1870] mmHg⋅s⋅cm. Patients with BE had ineffective esophageal motility more often than patients with NERD and GERD complicated by intestinal-type CCM (р = 0.06, р = 0.052, respectively). Lower esophageal sphincter pressure was 22.5 [8; 40] mmHg in patients with NERD, 18.0 [7.0; 36.0] mmHg in patients with GERD complicated by intestinal-type CCM, and 14.5 [1.0; 30.0] mmHg in patients with BE. The positive correlation between high CD206 expression and DCI (r = 0.317, р = 0.077) was determined. Conclusion. The role of esophageal motility disorder and immune response in patients with GERD should be further studied to assess their impact on the course of the disease. Key words: gastroesophageal reflux disease, immune response, high-resolution esophageal manometry, metaplasia
Features of early postoperative period in children with gastrointestinal syndrome against the background of COVID-19
Authors:   Smolensk State Medical University, Smolensk, Russian Federation, Avdeeva T.G. , Ostreykov I.F. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, Usachev R.K. ,   Smolensk State Medical University, Smolensk, Russian Federation,   Smolensk Regional Clinical Hospital, Smolensk, Russian Federation, Moskalenko E.A. ,   Smolensk State Medical University, Smolensk, Russian Federation, Usacheva A.A. ,   Smolensk State Medical University, Smolensk, Russian Federation
Published: July 2022

Objective. To study the features of the development and course of gastrointestinal syndrome against the background of COVID-19 in preschool-aged children hospitalized in the Pediatric Surgery Department with acute abdominal pain. Patients and methods. The study was performed on the basis of the Departments of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesiology and Resuscitation at Smolensk Regional Clinical Hospital between September 1, 2021, and December 30, 2021. Using continuous sampling, we analyzed clinical data of 29 children aged 4 to 7 years with acute abdominal pain against the background of COVID-19. The course of COVID-19 in children who were discharged from the Pediatric Surgery Department after exclusion of acute surgical pathology was studied in dynamics. Results. The disease manifested itself as an acute diffuse abdominal pain and hyperthermia in 100% of children; 65% of children had vomiting, and 56.25% of them had diarrhea. Seven (24%) children required diagnostic laparoscopy, of whom 5 children had no surgical pathology and 2 were diagnosed with adhesions. Laparoscopy revealed mesadenitis in all patients. Conclusion. Acute surgical pathology and gastrointestinal syndrome against the background of COVID-19 have similar manifestations during the acute period in children. Surgical interventions performed against the background of COVID-19 in the acute period provoke complications and prolong the recovery period. Key words: children, COVID-19, gastrointestinal syndrome, acute surgical pathology in children
Role of complementary foods in the development of children’s food preferences and nutritional status
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Bogdanova N.M. , Khavkin A.I. ,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation, Novikova V.P. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Kravtsova K.A. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: July 2022

Objective. To evaluate the influence of different patterns of complementary feeding on the formation of nutritional behavior and nutritional status in children between 6 and 12 months old. Patients and methods. The study included 86 practically healthy children; the duration of observation was 10.65 ± 3.65 weeks. Children in the study group (n = 46) received only commercially produced complementary foods; children in the comparison group (n = 40) received both commercially produced and homemade foods. In the study group, parents accurately followed the recommendations on the order, timing, and amount of introduction of complementary foods. Tolerance and nutritional behavior were assessed using specially designed questionnaires. The dynamics of nutritional status against the background of complementary feeding were evaluated. Results. Most of the children tolerated the introduced complementary food products, both commercially produced and homemade, and had average parameters of physical development and nutritional status. Skin manifestations of food allergy (19.6% in the study group, 17.5% in the comparison group) to the following commercially produced complementary foods were revealed: dairyfree buckwheat porridge and any milk porridge, cauliflower, pumpkin, zucchini; and to homemade foods: fish, strawberries, pumpkin. Dyspepsia in the form of increased/decreased frequency of defecation was detected in 13 and 22.5% of children in the study group and comparison group, respectively. Uncontrolled introduction of complementary foods in the comparison group (early introduction of fruit or berry puree, milk porridge, cottage cheese) was accompanied by a 3.5-fold increase in the number of children with excess body weight during the observation period. Rapid substitution of one product with another when a child refused to eat the complementary food product did not allow a positive attitude towards new foods to be formed. In the study group, 10 (66.6%) out of 15 children with an initially negative attitude towards complementary foods agreed to eat the previously unpreferable product, in the comparison group – 1 child out of 4 (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The timing and order of introducing complementary foods is essential for children to develop proper eating behavior and optimal food preferences. Key words: food preferences, complementary foods, breastfeeding, eating behavior