bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensorisches Spannfutter für dünnwandige Werkstücke/Sensory chuck for thin-walled workpieces – How can workpiece deformations be considered for workpiece clamping?
Authors: Denkena Berend , Buhl Henning , Wnendt Eike , Meier Matthias
Published: December 2024

Die Einhaltung enger Fertigungstoleranz stellt bei der Drehbearbeitung dünnwandiger Werkstücke eine Herausforderung dar. Aufgrund der hohen Nachgiebigkeit dünnwandiger Werkstücke können auch bei geringen Spannkräften unzulässig hohe Werkstückverformungen auftreten. Daher wird die Spannkraft derzeit iterativ eingestellt bis die maximal zulässige Werkstückverformung eingehalten wird. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Methode zur Messung von Werkstückverformungen vorgestellt. Die neue Methode erlaubt die Messung von Werkstückverformungen innerhalb eines engen Toleranzbereichs von bis zu ISO 286 IT5.
Multimodale Foundation-Modelle in der Produktion/Possibilities of the Latest AI Models in Production – Multi-Modal Foundation Models in Production
Authors: Behnen Hannes , Woltersmann Jan-Henrik , Wolfschläger Dominik , Schmitt Robert
Published: December 2024

Aktuelle Herausforderungen in der Produktion, etwa der Fachkräftemangel, erhöhen die Notwendigkeit, Prozesse zu automatisieren und die Produktivität zu erhöhen. Multimodale Foundation-Modelle bieten diese Möglichkeit für eine Vielzahl an Anwendungen, indem sie aus heterogenen Informationsquellen Entscheidungen ableiten. Anwendungen um diese Technologie sind zurzeit jedoch rar. Dieser Beitrag gibt daher einen Überblick über die Potenziale und Herausforderungen dieser Modelle in der Produktion.
A new myriacanthid holocephalian from the Early Jurassic of Denmark
Authors:   Earth Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, London, UK, Duffin Christopher J. , Milàn Jesper ,   Natural History Museum of Denmark
Published: December 2024

A new myriacanthid holocephalian is described from the Hasle Formation (probably the Uptonia jamesoni subzone to the Acanthopleuroceras valdani subzone, Early Pliensbachian, Early Jurassic) of Bornholm, Denmark, on the basis of isolated upper posterior (palatine) and lower posterior (mandibular) tooth plates. Oblidens bornholmensis gen. et sp. nov. differs from all other myriacanthids for which the same dental elements are known, in the distribution of the hypermineralised tissue covering the occlusal surfaces of the tooth plates, and the arrangement of the ridges transecting the tooth plate surface and so varying their surface relief. Oblidens is the first myriacanthid holocephalian to be recorded both from the Pliensbachian and from Denmark. The presence of a further, undetermined myriacanthid tooth plate is noted from the same locality.
Pengembangan E-LKPD Berbasis Budidaya dan Pengolahan Kopi untuk Meningkatkan Computational Thinking Siswa SMP pada Pembelajaran IPA
Authors: Afrisya Zahira Niswandia  , Supeno Supeno  , Zainur Rasyid Ridlo
Published: December 2024

Pembelajaran IPA merupakan pembelajaran yang menekankan pada proses dan praktik ilmiah sebagai pengalaman belajar siswa untuk dapat menyelidiki dan menyelesaikan masalah dengan pola pikir sains. Salah satu keterampilan berpikir sains yang dibutuhkan pada pembelajaran IPA abad 21 adalah computational thinking. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji validitas, kepraktisan, serta keefektifan E-LKPD berbasis budidaya dan pengolahan kopi untuk meningkatkan computational thinking siswa SMP dalam pembelajaran IPA pada materi suhu, kalor, dan pemuaian. E-LKPD yang dirancang mengintegrasikan teknologi bertujuan untuk memotivasi siswa untuk belajar, dimana E-LKPD mengaitkan materi pembelajaran dengan fenomena yang dikenal di lingkungan sekitar, yaitu budidaya dan pengolahan kopi. Pengembangan E-LKPD dilakukan menggunakan model penelitian dan pengembangan ADDIE yang meliputi kegiatan analisis, kegiatan desain, kegiatan pengembangan, kegiatan implementasi, dan kegiatan evaluasi. Produk ini diuji pada siswa kelas VII-C di SMPN 7 Jember, dengan hasil yang menunjukkan bahwa E-LKPD berbasis pengolahan kopi tergolong sangat valid dengan rerata 95,4%, sangat praktis dengan rerata 90,89%, dan efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan computational thinking dengan nilai N-gain sebesar 0,70. Respon positif siswa terhadap penggunaan E-LKPD ini juga terpantau sangat baik, dengan persentase 85,7%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa E-LKPD berbasis pengolahan kopi valid, praktis, dan efektif dalam mendukung pembelajaran IPA di SMP.
Pengaruh Model Flipped Classroom terhadap Keterampilan Komunikasi Sains Siswa Kelas VII Tema Aneka Ragam Makhluk Hidup
Authors: Ratu Humairoh  , Liska Berlian  , Vica Dian Aprelia Resti
Published: December 2024

Meningkatkan kemampuan berkomunikasi sains dalam bidang pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam menjadi elemen penting bagi para siswa guna membiasakan diri serta meningkatkan rasa percaya diri dalam menyampaikan temuannya baik secara verbal maupun tertulis. Temuan lapangan yang dihasilkan dari wawancara dengan narasumber guru dan siswa yang termasuk Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Kota Cilegon, dapat disimpulkan jika keterampilan berkomunikasi sains siswa di Indonesia masih perlu lebih ditingkatkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana model pembelajaran Flipped Classroom dapat memengaruhi keterampilan berkomunikasi sains siswa kelas VII dalam topik "Aneka Ragam Makhluk Hidup" di sekolah menengah di Kota Cilegon pada tahun ajaran 2023/2024. Pendekatan yang ada dalam penelitian ini ialah metode eksperimen semu yang menggunakan desain penelitian Nonequivalent Pretest-Postest Control Group Design, dengan subjek 60 siswa, yang terbagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol masing-masing terdiri dari 30 siswa sebagai subjek penelitian. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode tes dan observasi. Hasil kegiatan pengolahan data hasil tes hipotesis Independent Sample T-Test nilai Sig. (2-tailed) 0,014 atau > 0,05 dapat disimpulkan bahwa Flipped Classroom berpengaruh positif pada kemampuan komunikasi sains siswa.
Molecular Identification and Description of the Tadpole of Leptobrachella melanoleuca (Matsui, 2006) (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae)
Authors: Rongchapho Peerasit , Chuaynkern Chantip , Duangjai Sutee , Chalermwong Pornthawat , Chuaynkern Yodchaiy
Published: December 2024

Identifying tadpoles will significantly enhance future studies on life histories, behavior, ecology, and distribution of amphibian species. This study provides a detailed morphological and buccopharyngeal description of Leptobrachella melanoleuca tadpoles, utilizing DNA barcoding for accurate identification. Ten tadpoles, measuring 15.0±1.22 mm (range: 12.0–16.6 mm) in body length, were collected from Khlong Saeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Surat Thani Province, southern Thailand. Mitochondrial gene sequences, including 12S rRNA, tRNA-Val, and 16S rRNA, showed less than 0.1% divergence from adult L. melanoleuca in GenBank and our adult specimens, confirming the identification. Both tadpoles and adults were found in a small rocky stream. The tadpoles exhibit dark brown coloration with brown blotches in life, while preserved specimens show significant fading. The tadpoles’ external morphology includes a translucent abdomen, darkened throat, and dark gray chest. The tail musculature is gray with light brown spots, and the fins are slightly transparent. Buccopharyngeal anatomy revealed a semicircular prenarial arena with knobby projections, narrow choanae, and a densely pustular buccal roof arena. The buccal floor features triangular tongue anlage, trapezoidal prelingual arena, and large buccal floor arena papillae. The Keratodont Row Formula (KRF) is recorded as 1:2–2/0 or 2+2/0, with black jaw sheaths. These findings contribute significantly to our understanding of tadpole morphology in the genus Leptobrachella, providing a crucial reference for future taxonomic and ecological studies of this and related species.
SUSTENTABILIDADE EM FOCO: ESTUDO DOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS DA RODOVIA DF-003
Authors: Martins Sandra Santos , Arana Alba Regina Azevedo , Moris Daniela Vanessa , Tamashiro Jacqueline Roberta , Ribeiro Karina Silva , Favareto Ana Paula Alves , Costa Sérgio Marques , Salge Ana Karina Marques , Silva Debora Tavares de Resende e , Rossi Renata Calciolari
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: O estudo analisa os impactos ambientais da ampliação da rodovia DF-003 (LTC - Ligação Torto Colorado) no Distrito Federal. Ele aborda os principais impactos ambientais das obras rodoviárias, discute a mobilidade urbana e políticas brasileiras, e propõe formas de mitigação desses impactos. O objetivo é fornecer soluções para minimizar as consequências ambientais da obra. Métodos: O trabalho avalia os impactos ambientais da ampliação da rodovia DF-003 no Distrito Federal utilizando pesquisa documental e estudo de caso. Foca na eficiência das medidas mitigadoras previstas no Plano Básico Ambiental, como monitoramento hídrico e proteção da fauna, avaliando seu cumprimento conforme a legislação. A pesquisa também verifica a eficácia das ações para minimizar os impactos físicos, bióticos e socioeconômicos da obra. Resultados: A revisão dos resultados ressalta a importância de práticas que minimizem os impactos ambientais das rodovias, preservando biodiversidade e ecossistemas. Medidas mitigadoras bem implementadas reduzem danos e promovem desenvolvimento sustentável, beneficiando a sociedade a longo prazo. Conclusão: O exame da rodovia DF-003 destacou a perda de biodiversidade, fragmentação de habitats e impactos no ciclo hidrológico. Foram apontadas medidas mitigadoras essenciais, como preservação de áreas remanescentes e monitoramento contínuo. O estudo enfatiza o equilíbrio entre desenvolvimento e conservação ambiental.
Fish Immunity Against Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) Infection: A Review
Authors: Roslan Irfan Hakimi , Abdullah Azila , Mansor Nur Nazifah , Nawi Mohd Firdaus , Abdul Rahim Nur Amalin Sofea , Mohd Khalid Hazreen Nita
Published: December 2024

Fish are unique organisms fitted with a certain degree of immune system that are similarly to mammals, made up of innate and adaptive immunity. Both innate and adaptive immunity mechanisms in fish are crucial as the first line of defense as well as secreting antibodies and memory cells following an infection. Innate immunity comprised of non-specific cellular and the nonspecific humoral components while adaptive immunity consists of specialized systemic cells and mechanisms that are categorized into two main groups: the humoral and cellular components. Prior to Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) infection caused by small (25-30 nm), non-enveloped and icosahedral shaped virus belongs to genus Betanodavirus, both innate and adaptive immunity mechanisms have their own parts to play. As Nervous Necrosis
Virus (NNV) invades fish body, pathogen will be break down through phagocytosis followed by presentation of small protein fragments on MHC class II molecules. This will eventually activate adaptive immunity pathway to stimulates the proliferation and maturation of the B cells. As B cells matured, antibodies will be produced to suppress the pathogen through series of process known as opsonization and neutralization before phagocytosis takes place. Following secondary exposure with the same antigen, B cells will rapidly proliferate, releasing significant number of antibodies to clear the antigen.
ТОПОГРАФИЧЕСКАЯ АНАТОМИЯ И ОПЕРАТИВНАЯ ХИРУРГИЯ ПАХОВЫХ ГРЫЖ
Authors: Лазарян Тигран Рафаелович , Дондуп Ольга Михайловна , Сурков Николай Александрович , Гущин Александр Владимирович , Шаповальянц Сергей Георгиевич , Протасов Андрей Витальевич
Published: December 2024

Пособие содержит систематизированные сведения по топографической анатомии паховой области, включая детальное описание пахового канала, его стенок, колец и других опорных анатомических структур. Особое внимание уделено анатомическим предпосылкам, способствующим формированию паховых грыж, их классификации и механизмам образования. Издание также включает современные подходы к хирургическому лечению паховых грыж с описанием классических и модифицированных методик герниопластики. Описаны основные этапы хирургических вмешательств, особенности выбора методики в зависимости от типа грыжи и состояния тканей пациента, а также меры профилактики осложнений и рецидивов. Для повышения эффективности самоподготовки в пособии авторами предложены тестовые задания и ситуационные задачи с эталонами ответов. Учебное пособие составлено в соответствии с действующими ФГОС и рабочей программой по дисциплине «Топографическая анатомия и оперативная хирургия», что делает его полезным при обучении и подготовке студентов медицинских вузов, ординаторов и практикующих хирургов, стремящихся углубить свои знания в области хирургической анатомии паховых грыж.
Práticas Pedagógicas Inclusivas: Análise das Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais em Curitiba
Authors: Silva Lourival Claudino da
Published: December 2024

Introdução: Este estudo investigou a dinâmica da Educação Especial Inclusiva no âmbito da legislação educacional brasileira e no contexto das Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais no estado do Paraná, destacando a importância de promover a inclusão para garantir o desenvolvimento pleno de todos os discentes. Objetivo: O problema identificado foi a falta de formação adequada dos professores que atuam nas Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais, resultando em desafios na prestação de um atendimento de qualidade. O objetivo geral foi compreender o contexto da educação inclusiva e analisar a formação de professores, além de investigar práticas inclusivas nessas salas. Método: Utilizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter descritivo e exploratório, com a análise da legislação e normativas educacionais vigentes no Brasil. A pesquisa de campo consistiu em um levantamento por meio de questionários realizados em oito escolas no bairro Cajuru, em Curitiba, abrangendo as ações realizadas nos anos de 2022 e 2023. Resultados: Foram identificados desafios específicos, como a avaliação contínua pela equipe da sala, a acessibilidade do ambiente, o envolvimento dos pais e a frequência dos alunos. Os dados coletados evidenciaram a importância da formação continuada dos professores e a necessidade de um profissional capacitado para a gestão das Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais. Conclusões: As considerações finais indicaram que a formação adequada dos educadores é essencial para garantir um atendimento de qualidade e promover práticas pedagógicas inclusivas. Destacou-se a importância do "recurso humano" no Atendimento Educacional Especializado, enfatizando que a negligência nesse aspecto pode comprometer a missão da escola em sua função de ensino-aprendizagem. Foi sugerida a necessidade de estudos futuros para explorar melhores práticas na formação de professores e na gestão das Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais, contribuindo para um ambiente educacional mais inclusivo e igualitário.
O Benefício de prestação continuada e a cidadania financeira : uma abordagem multidimensional
Authors: Firmino Daniel Alvarez , Tupy Igor Santos , Oliveira Ana Maria Hermeto Camilo de
Published: December 2024

Reitera-se, neste artigo, que bancarizar os desbancarizados é apenas uma etapa do processo de cidadania financeira. Ao utilizar-se uma abordagem pautada em contrafactuais, são encontradas evidências de que o Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC) é capaz de promover o acesso a serviços financeiros formais, ou seja, contribui para a bancarização de seus beneficiários. Por sua vez, o programa não consegue impactar positivamente a intensidade de uso, e também não logra êxito em estender a seus beneficiários melhores condições de acesso e uso. Desse modo, comprova-se, aqui, a necessidade de atentar para as condições que regem o relacionamento das famílias brasileiras com o sistema financeiro formal, para que a inclusão financeira não se materialize apenas como concessão e ocorrência de crédito, ou que se confunda com bem-estar, dentro de um contexto caracterizado por fragilização ou suspensão de estruturas de proteção social.
Consolidação fiscal e sustentabilidade da dívida pública: subsídios para um regime fiscal pós-pandemia
Authors: Gadelha Sérgio Ricardo de Brito , Góes Geraldo Sandoval
Published: December 2024

Este estudo tem por objetivo geral reexaminar o processo de consolidação fiscal e seus impactos na sustentabilidade da dívida pública brasileira entre o primeiro trimestre de 2002 e o quarto trimestre de 2021. Foram utilizadas três metodologias: i) análise de estacionariedade, usando testes de raízes unitárias; ii) método de momentos generalizados para estimação de função de reação fiscal, considerando resultado fiscal estrutural (RFE) e inclusão de quebra estrutural; e iii) modelo VAR, visando estimar relações de causalidade e efeitos de choques exógenos de política fiscal. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a dívida pública é sustentável, e que níveis de dívida elevados induzem reações fiscais estruturais estabilizadoras. A análise multivariada aponta a existência de uma relação de bi-causalidade de Granger entre as principais variáveis, e os choques exógenos indicam sustentabilidade fiscal. Portanto, a consolidação fiscal baseada em cortes de despesas tem se mostrado uma estratégia crível para redução da dívida pública e ancoragem de expectativas
Pendularidade por motivo de trabalho e estudo na região metropolitana de Feira de Santana
Authors: Carvalho Ricardo Monteiro de , Queiroz Silvana Nunes de
Published: December 2024

Este artigo se propõe a analisar e comparar as características da mobilidade pendular entre os municípios que compõem a região metropolitana (RM) de Feira de Santana. Para isso, a principal fonte de informações são os microdados da amostra do Censo Demográfico 2010. Como estratégia metodológica, foram utilizadas matrizes para o cálculo do movimento pendular nos fluxos de origem e de destino, e, a partir disso, foi calculado o Índice de Eficácia da Pendularidade (IEP), além de se utilizar o Quociente Locacional (QL) para medir a especialidade dos municípios nos diversos setores produtivos. No tocante às características populacionais e socioeconômicas, observa-se uma disparidade entre o núcleo metropolitano, Feira de Santana, e os demais municípios no entorno da metrópole. Os resultados apontam o núcleo como principal polo de absorção de trabalhadores e estudantes, enquanto São Gonçalo dos Campos é o principal perdedor. No que diz respeito ao mercado de trabalho, a maioria dos pendulares possui um emprego, notadamente com carteira de trabalho assinada e como empregados no setor de serviços. Nesse contexto, é preciso colocar em prática uma das principais justificativas para a criação da RM de Feira de Santana, que seria a interação entre os municípios, para compartilhamento dos serviços e diminuição da concentração das atividades econômicas, do trabalho e do estudo em um só deles: no caso, Feira de Santana.
Towards a communication strategy implementation framework for higher education institutions in Lesotho
Authors: Letlatsa Relebohile
Published: December 2024

This article reports on the findings of a research study of three Higher Education Institutions (HEI) in Lesotho on the communication strategies they use to engage with internal and external stakeholders to implement their institutional strategies. A mixed-method research approach was followed, and a sample of three HEIs and their internal and external stakeholders was identified through a multidimensional sampling strategy. Triangulation included a survey among stakeholders, interviews with senior managers, and a content analysis of strategic plans. Statistical analysis was conducted on quantitative data, thematic analysis on qualitative data from interviews and open-ended survey items, and content analysis on strategic plans. Leximancer software was used for the qualitative data analysis. Results indicate the importance for the institutions to develop communication strategies; align institutional strategies with organisational culture; identify legitimate and strategic stakeholders; and use fitting communication platforms to disseminate information to all stakeholders.
Law clinics at African universities: An overview of the service delivery component with passing references to experiences in South and South-East Asia
Authors: McQuoid-Mason D
Published: December 2024

Modern forms of live client university law clinics developed in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, Tanzania and Uganda during the 1970's, in Botswana and Nigeria in the 19BO's, in Kenya in the 1990's, and in Lesotho, Zambia, Mozambique, Malawi, Rwanda, Somaliland and Sierra Leone during the new millenium. Not all the clinics survived and several have been recently revived. Some law clinics are student-run, several are run by universities on a voluntary basis, and more recently many have been incorporated into the formal law faculty or law school curriculum. Most of the African law clinics are general practice advice clinics, a few engage in specialist or public interest work, and even fewer undertake litigation. The majority operate on university campuses, but some involve farming students out to other agencies, and a few operate off-campus. Many of the clinical programmes also include a legal literacy or Street law component. A component missing from most African law clinic programmes is the South and South East Asian 'community law clinic' concept a model that could be ideally suited to many African countries. These models have been successfully applied in the Philippines, India and Bangladesh and require law students to live with the local people in poor or vulnerable communities - often in rural areas; to identify the legal and social problems faced by the communities; to develop solutions to the community's problems together with the community; and in some instances, to publish the results of their research and proposed solutions. For many middle class law students living and working with disadvantaged or marginalised communities has proved to be a life-changing experience. The socio-economic environment of many South and South East Asian countries mirrors those of most African countries and the 'community law clinic' model is well worth consideration by African law faculties and law schools.
Divorce: Achieving social justice through clinical legal education
Authors: Du Plessis MA
Published: December 2024

In achieving social justice, a law clinic has to strike a balance between teaching of students and service to its clients. Divorce, as a simple service case, proves to be a good learning vehicle for students, whilst affording their clients social justice. The different systems of marriage and divorce, both in the past and present, the different divorce courts and litigation methodology are discussed. Bearing this is mind, the question of whether universities are failing in educating students to become lawyers, is analysed and solutions are sought through clinical legal education, using the model of divorce proceedings.
United in our challenges - Should the model used in clinical legal education be reviewed?
Authors: Mahomed SH
Published: December 2024

The University of the Witwatersrand Law Clinic has used the in-house real-client model of clinical legal education since 1973. Now, 30 years later, the author reflects on the challenges that this model poses, particularly in light of the evolution of clinical teaching in the 21 '' century. This paper considers various models used in clinical teaching, with particular emphasis on the "real-client" model as used in clinical teaching at the University of the Witwatersrand Law Clinic. Various challenges posed by this model are identified and discussed. In conclusion certain recommendations are put forward on how to deal with these challenges.
The balancing act
Authors: MUNYAI ANZANILUFUNO
Published: December 2024

The essence of democracy enables citizens to exercise their freedoms and affords protection of rights and equal opportunities for all. Democracy is a complex system of government and various states exercise it differently. Despite the differences, there are universal features of a democratic system. The emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has transformed democratic societies and economies. Since its inception in the 18th century, the hallmark of the 4IR encompasses increasing technological capabilities, artificial intelligence, increased production, and portable technology. Undoubtedly, the 4IR will enhance people’s quality of life and subsequently afford democratic governments opportunities and challenges. This article argues that, despite the benefits 4IR may yield, there are challenges, which if not addressed will undermine the essence of African democracies. The article concludes by urging African democracies to take part in the technological change, in order to maximise the unparalleled benefits of 4IR to strengthen democratic principles.
Corruption through bribery: A norm in South Africa’s public sector?
Authors: Munyai Anzanilufuno
Published: December 2024

Corruption continues to be a pandemic. Over centuries, it has managed to evolve in its perpetration, spread worldwide and immerse itself within the daily lives of society. Its ability to evolve and take different forms, has made it impossible to encapsulate into one watertight definition. Despite some sentiments that corruption may be acceptable for economic growth, corruption undermines the rule of law, the equal distribution of resources and services, and weakens the state institutions. No country is immune to corruption. In South Africa, corruption perpetrated through bribery has become a way of life. Bribery in the public sector involves members of a society offering valuable and/or monetary gifts to public officials. The continued prevalence of corruption in South Africa is worsened by both members of society and public officials. Through socio-legal perspective, the paper will examine selected sectors wherein bribery is prevalent. These sectors are selected due to exploitation by public officials or the need for service delivery from public officials. The paper will further delineate the overall effects and available anti-corruption mechanisms in South Africa. Lastly, the paper examines whether corruption, perpetrated through bribery, is a national norm. In its concluding remarks, the paper argues that society and public officials are equal duty bearers in the fight against corruption.
Pre-legislative scrutiny during the drafting process:
Authors: Carney Terrence R
Published: December 2024

Several pre-legislative quality-control measures exist to ensure the drafting process delivers necessary and well-written laws. Despite these measures, some bills and acts still contain mistakes that could hinder subsequent statutory interpretation and construction. A few of these mistakes are language based. A case in point is South Africa’s Cannabis for Private Purposes Bill and the way it describes the offence of smoking/consuming cannabis in a vehicle on a public road (sec. 5(5)), in relation to the definitions of the words place and vehicle (sec. 1). The word vehicle can be interpreted as both a place and a transportation device, which obscures the offence in sec. 5(5). A means to try and prevent such semantic anomalies before a bill is published for comment is to apply a linguistic audit as part of the pre-legislative scrutiny stage in the drafting process. A linguistic audit entails the use of various linguistic tools and theories informed by the language challenges in the draft. As an illustration, this article employs the cognitive linguistic “container schema” to better understand the polysemous interpretation of the word vehicle as both a place and a transportation device. In addition, the article proposes four potential linguistic instruments as tools for a linguistic audit, namely componential analysis, functional hyponymy, prototype theory, and limited syntactic analysis. The article starts by reviewing the drafting process, followed by an explanation of the purpose of definitions in legislation. The focus then shifts to a discussion about the potential meaning of vehicle in the Bill, followed by a description of the lexicological approach to drafting. The article concludes that a language audit could assist courts in their continuation of the drafting process through interpretation and construction.
Children’s inalienable rights of access to basic nutrition in South African public schools during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mestry Raj , Du Plessis Pierre
Published: December 2024

The National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) is one of the government’s social justice and equity initiatives to provide learners in poor schools with nutritious meals that will enable them to progress academically. The programme is funded from the Conditional Grant managed by National Treasury. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, schools closed intermittently, and government suspended the NSNP indefinitely. The Minister of Education announced that when schools reopen, the NSNP will be restored. Conditions over time improved and schools reopened. However, the Department of Basic Education (DBE) reneged on their promise to reinstate the NSNP. This sparked public outcry. Interest groups such as Equal Education, Equal Education Law Centre, and SECTION27 took the Minister of Education to court for violating the constitutional and statutory duties. The outcome of this case had dire consequences for all stakeholders. Using qualitative research within an interpretivist paradigm, we critically analyse the court case between Education Law Centre and Others. The Minister of Education. We also undertake an empirical study in Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces. Six school leaders (five principals and one deputy principal) are interviewed to determine their experiences and perceptions of measures taken when NSNP was suspended during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three themes emerge, namely the ramifications of COVID-19 on poor parents and children: the schools’ inability to provide nutritious meals to children, and creative ways to help needy children from malnutrition and starvation. Findings reveal that some schools were unable to feed learners, due to financial constraints and lack of capacity, while others found innovative ways to provide learners with nutritious meals
The Gospel of Jesus Green: Home for All, Not Just for Humans
Authors: Whitehouse Neil J.
Published: December 2024

A search for the sacred confronts us with the human desecration of our common home. We share alienation from one another and nature but a way to reclaim our sense of home can begin with the unity of our body, mind and spirit. The easy movements of bioenergetics can enliven our awareness of being at home in ourselves. The Greek for home,
oikos
, is a root word for three key perspectives: ecology, ecumenical and economics. The Passion story relies on the importance of ‘his Father’s House’. The Gospel of Jesus Green is to trust the multilevel truths of home can offer reconciliation of human systems and activities with the limits of nature. Science and Christian faith agree on how to flourish.
Design study of a Martian rotor blade using a triangular airfoil
Authors: Benai-Dara Ndouba Ange , Chen ZhaoLin , Ouedraogo Boureima , Gutierrez Quino Cinthia Cielo , Aguwa Basil Nzubechi
Published: December 2024

The Martian atmosphere is characterized by a low density and low speed of sound, which result in the low Reynolds number compressible flows. In this regime, conventional airfoils perform poorly due to the boundary layer separation and the formation of shack wave. The current paper investigates the hovering performance and the structure analysis of a Martian rotor blade built with a triangular airfoil using numerical analysis. The airfoil, with a thickness-chord ratio of t / c = 5% at 30% chord, has been shown through experiments to exhibit non-linear lift enhancement due to the roll-up vortex caused by the sharp leading edge at high angles of attack. The designed blade has a pitch axis of 40% chord, close to the airfoil center of gravity. In order to evaluate the blade thickness distribution along the radial station, Carbon Fiber, due to its high strength-to-weight ratio is applied to the blade. It is found that the main source of stress is inertia force rather than aerodynamic loads and that the blade is structurally safe. Finally, the blade reaches a Figure of Merit of FM = 0.73 at the collective pitch angle of 8 deg and the minimum tensile and compressive factor of safety of 2.90 and 1.74 respectively.
Effects of Background Solar Wind and Drag Force on the Propagation of Coronal-mass-ejection-driven Shocks
Authors: Wu Chin-Chun , Liou Kan , Wood Brian E. , Hutting Lynn
Published: December 2024

The propagation of interplanetary shocks, particularly those driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), is still an outstanding question in heliophysics and space weather forecasting. Here, we address the effects of the ambient solar wind on the propagation of two similar CME-driven shocks from the Sun to Earth. The two shock events (CME03, 2010 April 3; CME12, 2012 July 12) have the following properties. Both events (1) were driven by a halo CME (i.e., the source location is near the Sun–Earth line); (2) had a CME source in the southern hemisphere; (3) had a similar transit time (∼2 days) to Earth; (4) occurred in a nonquiet solar period; and (5) led to a severe geomagnetic storm. The initial (near the Sun) propagation speed, as measured by coronagraph images, was slower (by ∼300 km s−1) for CME03 than CME12, but it took about the same amount of traveling time for both events to reach Earth. According to the in situ solar wind observations from the Wind spacecraft, the CME03-driven shock was associated with a faster solar wind upstream of the shock than the CME12-driven shock. This is also demonstrated in our global MHD simulations. Analysis of our simulation result indicates that the drag force indirectly plays an important role in the shock propagation. The present study suggests that in addition to the initial CME propagation speed near the Sun, the shock speed (in the inertial frame) and the ambient solar wind conditions—in particular, the solar wind speed—are key to timing the arrival of CME-driven shock events.
Do Neutron Star Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources Masquerade as Intermediate-mass Black Holes in Radio and X-Ray?
Authors: Panurach Teresa , Dage Kristen C. , Urquhart Ryan , Plotkin Richard M. , Paul Jeremiah D. , Bahramian Arash , Brumback McKinley C. , Galvin Timothy J. , Molina Isabella , Miller-Jones James C. A. , Saikia Payaswini
Published: December 2024

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) were once largely believed to be powered by super-Eddington accretion onto stellar-mass black holes, although in some rare cases, ULXs also serve as potential candidates for (sub-Eddington) intermediate-mass black holes. However, a total of eight ULXs have now been confirmed to be powered by neutron stars, thanks to observed pulsations, and may act as contaminants for the radio/X-ray selection of intermediate-mass black holes. Here, we present the first comprehensive radio study of seven known neutron star ULXs using new and archival data from the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array and the Australia Telescope Compact Array, combined with the literature. Across this sample, there is only one confident radio detection, from the Galactic neutron star ULX Swift J0243.6+6124. The other six objects in our sample are extragalactic, and only one has coincident radio emission, which we conclude is most likely contamination from a background H ii region. We conclude that with current facilities, neutron star ULXs do not produce significant enough radio emission to cause them to be misidentified as radio-/X-ray-selected intermediate-mass black hole candidates. Thus, if background star formation has been properly considered, the current study indicates that a ULX with a compact radio counterpart is not likely to be a neutron star.
Exact Nonlinear Decomposition of Ideal-MHD Waves Using Eigenenergies. II. Fully Analytical Equations and Pseudoadvective Eigenenergies
Authors: Raboonik Abbas , Pontin David I. , Tarr Lucas A.
Published: December 2024

Physical insight into plasma evolution in the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) limit can be revealed by decomposing the evolution according to the characteristic modes of the system. In this paper we explore aspects of the eigenenergy decomposition method (EEDM) introduced in an earlier study (ApJ, 967:80). The EEDM provides an exact decomposition of nonlinear MHD disturbances into their component eigenenergies associated with the slow, Alfvén, and fast eigenmodes, together with two zero-frequency eigenmodes. Here we refine the EEDM by presenting globally analytical expressions for the eigenenergies. We also explore the nature of the zero-frequency “pseudoadvective (PA) modes” in detail. We show that in evolutions with pure advection of magnetic and thermal energy (without propagating waves), a part of the energy is carried by the PA modes. Exact expressions for the error terms associated with these modes—commonly encountered in numerical simulations—are also introduced. The new EEDM equations provide a robust tool for the exact and unique decomposition of nonlinear disturbances governed by homogeneous quasi-linear partial differential equations, even in the presence of local or global degeneracies.
Modeling the Multiwavelength Detection of Protoclusters. I. An Excess of Submillimeter Galaxies in Protocluster Cores
Authors: Araya-Araya Pablo , Cochrane Rachel K. , Hayward Christopher C. , Yates Robert M. , Sodré Laerte , Vicentin Marcelo C. , Rennehan Douglas , Overzier Roderik , van Daalen Marcel
Published: December 2024

Studies of galaxy protoclusters yield insights into galaxy cluster formation complementary to those obtained via “archaeological” studies of present-day galaxy clusters. Submillimeter-selected galaxies (SMGs) are one class of sources used to find high-redshift protoclusters. However, due to the rarity of protoclusters (and thus the large simulation volume required) and the complexity of modeling dust emission from galaxies, the relationship between SMGs and protoclusters has not been adequately addressed in the theoretical literature. In this work, we apply the L-GALAXIES semianalytic model (SAM) to the Millennium
N-body simulation. We assign submillimeter flux densities to the model galaxies using a scaling relation from previous work, in which dust radiative transfer was performed on high-resolution galaxy zoom simulations. We find that the fraction of model galaxies that are submillimeter-bright is higher in protocluster cores than in both protocluster “outskirts” and the field; the fractions for the latter two are similar. This excess is not driven by an enhanced starburst frequency. Instead, the primary reason is that overdense environments have a relative overdensity of high-mass halos and thus “oversample” the high-mass end of the star formation main sequence relative to less-dense environments. The fraction of SMGs that are optically bright is dependent on stellar mass and redshift but independent of the environment. The fraction of galaxies for which the majority of star formation is dust-obscured is higher in protocluster cores, primarily due to the dust-obscured fraction being correlated with stellar mass. Our results can be used to guide and interpret multiwavelength studies of galaxy populations in protoclusters.
Millinovae: A New Class of Transient Supersoft X-Ray Sources without a Classical Nova Eruption
Authors: Mróz Przemek , Król Krzysztof , Szegedi Hélène , Charles Philip , Page Kim L. , Udalski Andrzej , Buckley David A. H. , Dewangan Gulab , Meintjes Pieter , Szymański Michał K. , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Poleski Radosław , Skowron Jan , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Gromadzki Mariusz , Rybicki Krzysztof , Iwanek Patryk , Wrona Marcin , Mróz Mateusz J.
Published: December 2024

Some accreting binary systems containing a white dwarf (such as classical novae or persistent supersoft sources) are seen to emit low-energy X-rays with temperatures of  ∼ 106 K and luminosities exceeding 1035 erg s−1. These X-rays are thought to originate from nuclear burning on the white dwarf surface, either caused by a thermonuclear runaway (classical novae) or a high mass-accretion rate that sustains steady nuclear burning (persistent sources). The discovery of transient supersoft X-rays from ASASSN-16oh challenged these ideas, as no clear signatures of mass ejection indicative of a classical nova eruption were detected, and the origin of these X-rays remains controversial. It was unclear whether this star was one of a kind or representative of a larger, as yet undiscovered, group. Here, we present the discovery of 29 stars located in the direction of the Magellanic Clouds exhibiting long-duration, symmetrical optical outbursts similar to that seen in ASASSN-16oh. We observed one of these objects during an optical outburst and found it to be emitting transient supersoft X-rays, while no signatures of mass ejection (indicative of a classical nova eruption) were detected. We therefore propose that these objects form a homogeneous group of transient supersoft X-ray sources, which we dub “millinovae” because their optical luminosities are approximately a 1000 times fainter than those of ordinary classical novae.
Robust Detection of Hot Intragroup Medium in Optically Selected, Poor Galaxy Groups by eROSITA
Authors: Li Dawei , Fang Taotao , Ge Chong , Liu Teng , He Lin , Li Zhiyuan , Nicastro Fabrizio , Yang Xiaohu , Zhang Xiaoxia , Zheng Yun-Liang
Published: December 2024

Over the last several decades, extensive research has been conducted on the baryon cycles within cosmic structures, encompassing a broad mass range from dwarf galaxies to galaxy clusters. However, a notable gap in understanding the cosmic baryon cycle is the poor galaxy groups with halo masses around 1013
M
⊙. Poor galaxy groups, like our own Local Group, are prevalent throughout the Universe, yet robust detection of their hot, X-ray-emitting intragroup medium (IGrM) has remained elusive. The presence of this hot IGrM is crucial for addressing the long-standing “missing baryons” problem. Previous ROSAT-based studies were limited by a small number of X-ray bright samples, thus restricting the scope of their findings. Here, we show a robust detection of this hot IGrM in a large, optically selected poor groups sample, based on the stacked X-ray images from the eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey. These groups are identified in DESI Legacy Survey with a mass range of log(M
halo/h
−1
M
⊙) = 11.5–13.5 and a redshift range of z = 0.1–0.5. Additionally, our results indicate that despite its presence in virtually groups at all sizes, this gas component is still not sufficient to recover the universal baryon fraction, and hence the “missing baryons” problem still persists in poor galaxy groups.
ViT-DualAtt: An efficient pornographic image classification method based on Vision Transformer with dual attention
Authors: Cai Zengyu , Xu Liusen , Zhang Jianwei , Feng Yuan , Zhu Liang , Liu Fangmei
Published: December 2024

Pornographic images not only pollute the internet environment, but also potentially harm societal values and the mental health of young people. Therefore, accurately classifying and filtering pornographic images is crucial to maintaining the safety of the online community. In this paper, we propose a novel pornographic image classification model named ViT-DualAtt. The model adopts a CNN-Transformer hierarchical structure, combining the strengths of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Transformers to effectively capture and integrate both local and global features, thereby enhancing feature representation accuracy and diversity. Moreover, the model integrates multi-head attention and convolutional block attention mechanisms to further improve classification accuracy. Experiments were conducted using the nsfw_data_scrapper dataset publicly available on GitHub by data scientist Alexander Kim. Our results demonstrated that ViT-DualAtt achieved a classification accuracy of 97.2% ± 0.1% in pornographic image classification tasks, outperforming the current state-of-the-art model (RepVGG-SimAM) by 2.7%. Furthermore, the model achieves a pornographic image miss rate of only 1.6%, significantly reducing the risk of pornographic image dissemination on internet platforms.
Brain dynamics and personality: a preliminary study
Authors: Ciaramella Francesco , Cipriano Lorenzo , Lopez Emahnuel Troisi , Polverino Arianna , Lucidi Fabio , Sorrentino Giuseppe , Mandolesi Laura , Sorrentino Pierpaolo
Published: December 2024

Personality can be considered a system characterized by complex dynamics that are extremely adaptive depending on continuous interactions with the environment and situations. The present preliminary study explores the dynamic interplay between brain flexibility and personality by taking the dynamic approach to personality into account, thereby drawing from Cloninger's psychobiological model. 46 healthy individuals were recruited, and their brain dynamics were assessed using magnetoencephalography (MEG) during the resting state. We identified brain activation patterns and measured brain flexibility by employing the theory of neuronal avalanches. Subsequent correlation analyses revealed a significant positive association between brain flexibility and cooperativeness, thus highlighting the role of brain reconfiguration tendencies in fostering openness, tolerance, and empathy towards others. Additionally, this preliminary finding suggests a neurobiological basis for adaptive social behaviors. Although the results are preliminary, this study provides initial insights into the intricate relationship between brain dynamics and personality, thus laying the groundwork for further research in this emerging field using a dynamic network analysis of the functional activity of the brain.
Špički, špičkarji, kamnarji, zidarji
Authors: Premrl Božidar
Published: December 2024

The author takes an ethnographic look at stone, stonemasonry and stonemasons on the Trnovo and Banjščice Plateau and in the surrounding area. After an overview of the geographical features of the area, he presents the characteristic rocks of the area, paying particular attention to flat and winged stone, which is very suitable for the roofing of listed stone buildings. He places the rural architecture in this geographical and geological context and analyses the stonemasonry work on the rural buildings. In particular, dated examples are comprehensively presented so that the development of the buildings from the 16th to the first half of the 20th century can be traced.
The presentation of the most interesting examples of stone cultural heritage is followed by biographies of stonemasons, quarrymen, bricklayers and other master stonemasons. The most important village was Grgar with the largest number of stonemasons and stone carvers, followed by Sedovec in Ravnica, with Voglarji and Trnovo on the edge of the Trnovo Plateau and Levpa with Seniški Breg on the western edge of the Banjščice Plateau. A special place is occupied by Kanalski Lom with the self-taught artist Andrej Murovec, who left behind a work of magnificent sculptural gravestones. Finally, the foreign stonemasons and bricklayers who built the railroad line in the Soča Valley in 1903-1906 are also presented.
Parlare di donne alle donne – e a tutti. Qualche considerazione su didattica della letteratura e prospettive di genere
Authors: Donnarumma Raffaele
Published: December 2024

Il saggio riflette sull’intersezione, oggi, fra pratica didattica della letteratura e approccio gender oriented e sulla relazione fra chi insegna e chi apprende. In particolare, affronta i temi della definizione correlativa di maschile e femminile, di desiderio, di violenza, in testi del Novecento come quelli di Campana, Pagliarani, Gozzano e soprattutto Saba.
Resistenza agli Studies? Una lettera
Authors: Giglioli Daniele
Published: December 2024

Il saggio esplora motivazioni, fondamenti teorici e punti critici di quella galassia degli Studies che incontrano una notevole resistenza in Europa, resistenza di cui anche l’autore si dichiara affetto. Ci si chiede tuttavia se le aspirazioni di cui gli Studies sono espressione non coincidano almeno in parte con le forme di vita e con le convinzioni delle generazioni più giovani, questione tanto più interessante quando non si tratta di studiosi ma di persone che si occupano di altro.