bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural and Functional Insights into UDGs
Authors: Roy Shreya , Azhar Md Khabeer , Gupta Vibha
Published: December 2024

Endogenous or exogenous DNA damage needs to be repaired, therefore, cells in all the
three domains have repair pathways to maintain the integrity of their genetic material. Uracil
DNA glycosylases (UDGs), also known as UNGs (uracil-DNA N-glycosylases), are part of the
base-excision repair (BER) pathway. These enzymes specifically remove uracil from DNA
molecules by cleaving the glycosidic bond between the uracil base and the deoxyribose sugar.
UDGs can be broadly classified into six families, and each of them share conserved motifs that are
critical for substrate recognition and catalysis. Recently, an unconventional UDG known as
UDGX has been identified from the species Mycobacterium smegmatis, which is different from
other UDG members in forming an irreversible and extremely stable complex with DNA that is resistant
to even harsh denaturants such as SDS, NaOH, and heat. This suicide inactivation mechanism
prevents uracil excision and might play a protective role in maintaining genome integrity,
as bacterial survival under hypoxic conditions is reduced due to the overexpression of MsmUDGX.
Additionally, due to the importance of UDGs, the number of structures has been resolved.
Moreover, high-resolution 3D structures of apo MsmUDGX, as well as uracil and DNAbound
forms, are available in PDB. This review aims to provide insights into the specific structural-
functional aspects of each UDG family member for theragnostic applications.
Theoretical Study of Methylaluminoxane Formation
Authors: Masliy Alexey N. , Akhmetov Ildar G. , Kuznetsov Andrey M.
Published: December 2024

This work is devoted to the theoretical study of methylaluminoxanes formed by the interaction of
trimethylaluminum with water. The main goal of this work is to identify the most likely molecular form of
methylaluminoxane formed in the reaction mixture. Quantum chemical calculations were carried out within the
framework of density functional theory, at the PBE0/def2-TZVP level. The work analyzes the thermodynamic
parameters of the reactions of the formation of various structures of methylaluminoxanes. On the base of the
obtained results, it was concluded that the most probable structure formed in the reaction mixture under real
synthesis conditions should be considered Al2O(CH3)4.
Microthrombosis at the Ultra-early Stages after Experimental Subarachnoid
Hemorrhage Results in Early Brain Injury
Authors: Kumagai Masaki , Egashira Yusuke , Sasaki Nozomi , Nakamura Shinsuke , Kuse Yoshiki , Matsubara Hirohumi , Enomoto Yukiko , Izumo Tsuyoshi , Hara Hideaki , Shimazawa Masamitsu
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Early Brain Injury (EBI) significantly contributes to poor neurological
outcomes and death following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The mechanisms underlying
EBI post-SAH remain unclear. This study explores the relationship between serial cerebral blood
flow (CBF) changes and neurological symptoms, as well as the mechanisms driving CBF changes
in the ultra-early stages after experimental SAH in mice.

Methods:

SAH was induced by endovascular perforation in male ddY mice. Mice were sacrificed
at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after behavioral tests using the modified neurological score and grid
walking test, and CBF was measured via Laser Speckle Flow Imaging (LSFI). Neurofunctional
evaluation, CBF analysis, and Western blotting were used to assess SAH-induced damage.

Results:

Neurological symptoms were significantly worse at 12 h post-SAH compared to sham
(9.5 ± 1.7 vs. 25.6 ± 0.63, respectively; p < 0.0001). CBF was significantly reduced at 12 h post-
SAH compared to sham (35.34 ± 8.611 vs. 91.06 ± 12.45, respectively; p < 0.0001). Western
blotting revealed significantly elevated thrombin and matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels 12 h
post-SAH (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that microthrombus formation peaked at 12 h post-SAH, potentially
causing EBI and worsening neurological symptoms. Microthrombus formation in the ultraearly
stages may represent a novel therapeutic target for managing EBI.
Development, Optimization, Characterization, and In-vitro Assessment of
PEG-coated Docetaxel-loaded Proliposomes for Delivery to Breast Cancer
Cells
Authors: Barkat Md. Abul
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

To address the issues of liposomal instability and enhance the delivery of
docetaxel (DTX) to breast cancer cells, the development of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated proliposomes
was proposed, utilizing a thin film hydration technique followed by lyophilization with an
appropriate cryoprotectant. Various compositions of phospholipid, cholesterol, and docetaxel were
optimized, and the PEG was used in a 1.3:1 ratio of the phospholipid.

Method:

The liposomes were converted to proliposomes using a lyophilizer. The optimized formulation
possesses a particle size of 117.0 ± 9.78 nm, with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.265 ±
0.094, drug entrapment (DE) of 96.0± 6.14 %, and drug loading (DL) of 9.20 ± 3.17 %. In-vitro
study demonstrated a controlled release pattern consistent with the Higuchi model, alongside significantly
lower protein binding relative to free DTX, indicating a potential reduction in side effects.

Results:

Cell viability study demonstrated increased cytotoxicity of PEG-DTX proliposomes (PEGDTX
PL) against MDA-MB-231 cells, evidenced by a lower IC50 (4.677 μg/mL) relative to free
DTX, underscoring the promise of this nanocarrier for targeted therapy.

Conclusion:

The findings are promising as a simple and scalable carrier comprising general and
biocompatible materials that can provide a safe surfactant free nanosystem with improved efficacy
and performance.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Diabetes and Diabetic Renal Fibrosis by Modulating the Inflammatory Factor IL-11
Authors: Huang Li-Lan , Yang Ji , Hou Yue-Yuan , Bai Yi-Hua , Jiang Hong-Ying
Published: December 2024

Objective:

This study aims to explore the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem
cells (MSC) in treating diabetic nephropathy (DN) by investigating their effect on IL-11 modulation
in a mouse model.

Methods:

The effects of MSC therapy on DN were examined both in vivo and in vitro. Sixty adult
male C57BL/6 mice were divided into the streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes (T1D) and the high-fat diet
diabetes (T2D) models, with both groups receiving MSC treatment or saline for 4 or 8 weeks.
Blood glucose, serum urea, interleukin-11 (IL-11), and kidney fibrosis markers were measured.
Additionally, western blotting was used to assess levels of Type I and III collagen, E-Cadherin, α-
smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Vimentin, and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP-1).

Results:

MSC-treated T1D and T2D mice showed reduced blood glucose, serum urea, IL-11,
TGF-β, and fibrosis markers (type I and III collagen, α-SMA, Vimentin, FSP-1), alongside increased
E-Cadherin expression. Similar effects were observed in vitro using mouse glomerular
epithelial cells, confirming MSC-mediated suppression of fibrosis pathways.

Conclusion:

MSC therapy improves nephropathy, likely by inhibiting IL-11 and reducing fibrosis-
related markers, making it a promising treatment for DN.
Toxicity and anti-inflammatory effects of Eleutherine bulbosa (Miller) Urb, ethanolic extract, in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Ferreira Dionisia P. , Holanda Fabrício H. , Borges Swanny F. , Ramos Ryan da S. , Shinkai Victoria Mae. T. , De Souza Gisele C. , carvalho José Carlos T. , Pimenta Raphael S. , Do Nascimento José Luiz M. , Ferreira Irlon M.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Eleutherine bulbosa (Miller) Urb, popularly known as “marupa-zinho”, is frequently used in traditional medicine for treating various diseases, including hypertension, ulcers, constipation, and intestinal infection. However, there is little scientific knowledge available regarding the pharmacological effects of this species. Thus in vivo and in silico phytochemical studies are required to establish whether this plant has these effects. Further tests were necessary to evaluate the pharmacological activity of the compounds found in this plant, and demonstrate results related to the anti-inflammatory process, which will serve as the basis for future research in this area.

Methods:

Therefore, our study aimed to determine the acute toxicity levels of the hexanoic fraction of the ethanolic extract of Eleutherine bulbosa (referred to as ExtHF) using adult zebrafish, with the determination of the LD50, behavioral and histopathological evaluations, as well as the anti-inflammatory potential of ExtHF, at different doses, in abdominal edema induced by carrageenan. The acute toxicity study and histopathological analysis in zebrafish showed that ExtHF has a high toxic potential, with an LD50 of 346.74 mg/kg. However, ExtHF showed an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting abdominal edema at all doses tested.

Results:

The inhibition rate of 66.2% and 62.4%, respectively, was observed with the 2.5 mg/kg dose, respectively, indicating that ExtHF is safe in terms of acute toxicity based on behavioral changes, mortality rate, and histopathological examination. Therefore, ExtHF has an acceptable level of safety for acute toxicity, defined by the analysis of behavioral changes, mortality, and histopathology, showing a significant anti-inflammatory effect in zebrafish at all doses, showing that ExtHF was very efficient in preventing the formation of edema, in addition, it was also revealed that ExtHF has a great effect in reversing the edema which is already installed.

Conclusion:

Molecular docking studies revealed that the eleutherol molecule isolated from E. bulbosa has a dual inhibition profile against cyclooxygenase-1 and 2.
Web-based Vulnerability Analysis and Detection
Authors: Yadav Narendra Singh , Rounak Ritek , Sharma Prakash Chandra
Published: December 2024

Background:

In today’s digital world, web-based applications are widely used across organizations,
making them a primary target for breaches, hacking attempts, data theft, and unauthorized
access. Ensuring robust security through vulnerability analysis and detection is critical to mitigate
emerging threats and prevent potential exploits.

Objective:

This research aims to develop and demonstrate a novel approach to web-based vulnerability
assessment by combining advanced automated scanning tools with human expertise. The
study introduces a modular, flexible, and efficient scanning tool capable of detecting critical vulnerabilities
in web applications.

Methods:

The proposed tool is built using Python and Selenium and employs a modular architecture
with regular expression-based detection techniques. The scanner identifies vulnerabilities such
as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), file inclusions, command injection, and more. A ranking
framework is introduced to prioritize fixes based on exploiting potential, severity, and patch
availability. The tool's performance was evaluated on real-world web applications to assess its accuracy,
detection speed, and effectiveness compared to traditional methods.

Results:

Experimental results highlight significant improvements in vulnerability detection accuracy
and scanning speed. The tool successfully identified a broad range of vulnerabilities, including
complex and dynamic ones, outperforming traditional scanning techniques. The modular design and
automation enabled faster and more flexible vulnerability detection across diverse web platforms.

Conclusion:

This research provides a holistic and practical approach to web-based vulnerability assessment,
combining advanced automated scanning with human analysis for optimal results. The
introduced tool offers a reliable solution for detecting and prioritizing vulnerabilities, empowering
organizations to enhance their cybersecurity defenses. By improving detection accuracy and efficiency,
this study contributes to advancing web security practices and provides actionable insights
for organizations navigating the evolving digital landscape.
Farmers’ Willingness To Pay For Certified Rice Seeds In Madura Island Indonesia
Authors: Aisya Siti , Wijayanti Dian Eswin
Published: December 2024

The utilization of high-quality seeds has a positive impact on increasing agricultural production. However, price factors hinder the willingness to pay among rice farmers in Madura Island, Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the willingness to pay (WTP) of rice farmers in Madura Island for certified rice seeds and the factors influencing it. The research was conducted on Madura Island through a survey of 95 rice farmers. We used the contingent valuation method to analyze the farmers' WTP and binary logistic regression to identify the factors influencing their willingness to pay. The results indicate that the WTP of rice farmers in Madura Island for certified rice seeds is Rp145,125 per 10 kg. This willingness to pay is significantly influenced by factors such as age, education, experience, and participation in farmer groups. Based on these findings, we hope that more farmers will use certified rice seeds, seed producers will set prices that do not exceed the farmers' payment capacity, and the local government will optimize the role of farmer groups.
PERTUMBUHAN POPULASI DAN PERKEMBANGAN Cadra cautella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) PADA BERBAGAI JENIS BERAS
Authors: Abadi Dany Prasetyo , Astuti Ludji Pantja
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pertumbuhan populasi dan perkembangan Cadra cautella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) pada berbagai jenis beras. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret hingga Juli 2023 di Laboratorium Hama Tumbuhan, Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Penelitian ini terdiri dari enam perlakuan (beras giling, beras merah, beras hitam, beras pecah kulit, beras ketan putih, dan beras ketan hitam) diulang sebanyak tujuh kali. Penelitian ini diatur dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Pelaksanaan penelitian pertumbuhan dilakukan dengan menginfestasikan 200 butir telur C. cautella ke dalam vial yang berisi pakan 10 g. Variabel pengamatan terdiri dari jumlah larva dan pupa, imago baru (F1), perhitungan nisbah kelamin (sex ratio), dan penurunan berat pakan. Pelaksanaan penelitian perkembangan dilakukan dengan mengambil satu butir telur C. cautella dari hasil pengamatan pertumbuhan kemudian dipindahkan ke dalam vial yang sudah berisi pakan ±2 g sesuai perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak sepuluh kali. Variabel pengamatan terdiri dari fase telur, larva, dan pupa; praoviposisi; oviposisi; pascaoviposisi; siklus hidup; fekunditas; dan lama hidup imago (longevity). Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA 5% dan dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) 5%. Perangkat lunak yang digunakan yaitu R. Statistic versi 4.2.1. Pertumbuhan C. cautella paling cepat terdapat pada beras ketan hitam dengan jumlah larva 75,71; pupa 32,00; dan imago 31,71. Siklus hidup C. cautella paling cepat terdapat pada beras ketan hitam yaitu 41,42 hari. Sedangkan kehilangan hasil pada beras ketan hitam mencapai 16%.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS CAMPURAN EKSTRAK DAUN PEPAYA DAN DAUN MENGKUDU DALAM PENGENDALIAN Plutella xylostella Linnaeus (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDAE)
Authors: Putra Heri Julistiyan Bima , Himawan Toto , Choliq Fery Abdul
Published: December 2024

Plutella xylostella merupakan organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT) yang menyebabkan kerusakan berat pada tanaman kubis. Penggunaan pestisida sintetis secara terus menerus dapat menyebabkan resistensi hama, musnahnya musuh alami, dan residu kimia yang berbahaya. Salah satu pengendalian yang dapat diterapkan dengan menggunakan pestisida nabati dari daun pepaya (Carica papaya) dan daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas ekstrak daun papaya, ekstrak daun mengkudu secara tunggal dan campuran serta mengetahui sinergisme daya racun ekstrak daun pepaya dan daun mengkudu terhadap larva P. xylostella. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Toksikologi Pestisida Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang pada bulan Maret sampai Oktober 2021. Metode aplikasi yang digunakan adalah metode celup daun (pakan). Data yang diperoleh dikonversikan kedalam persentase mortalitas. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa EDP dan EDM secara tunggal dan campuran dengan rentang konsentrasi 10.000 – 40.000 ppm pada tiap perlakuan memiliki pengaruh terhadap mortalitas larva P. xylostella. Sinergisme campuran insektisida EDP dan EDM menunjukkan hasil yang sinergis dengan meningkatkan efikasi sebesar 7,77 kali lipat pada perlakuan EDP dan 3,93 kali lipat pada perlakuan EDM dibandingkan aplikasi insektisida EDP dan EDM secara tunggal.
KEANEKARAGAMAN LABA-LABA PADA PERTANAMAN PADI DI KABUPATEN MALANG, JAWA TIMUR : PENGARUH KOMPOSISI LANSKAP
Authors: Rahmawati Gita Eka , Rizali Akhmad
Published: December 2024

Laba-laba merupakan salah satu predator pengendali bagi hama yang menyerang tanaman padi. Keberadaan laba-laba pada pertanaman padi dianggap penting sehingga perlu untuk dilakukan penelitian terkait keanekaragaman dan kelimpahannya. Pada ekosistem sawah, struktur komunitas laba-laba dapat berbeda dibanding dengan komunitas laba-laba pada penggunaan lahan lainnya. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman dan populasi laba-laba (Arachnida: Araneae) dengan pengaruh komposisi lanskap. Penelitian dilakukan di berbagai lokasi pertanaman padi yang telah ditentukan. Lokasi penelitian berada pada 12 titik pengamatan di Kabupaten Malang yaitu Kecamatan Karangploso, Lawang, Kepanjen, dan Tumpang, pada masing-masing kecamatan tersebut ditentukan 3 titik lokasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai dari bulan November sampai bulan Maret 2023. Penentuan lokasi penelitian berdasarkan hasil survei lapang yang telah dilakukan dengan kriteria lahan berupa luasan lahan minimal 500 m dan setiap titik minimal berjarak 1 km. Lalu dilakukan Pemetaan kondisi lanskap diawali dengan melakukan ground survey berupa identifikasi penggunaan lahan atau tutupan lahan. Data titik lokasi penelitian tersebut kemudian digunakan dalam pembuatan delineasi dan digitasi peta. Metode pengambilan sampel serangga menggunakan metode yellow pan trap dan pitfall trap. Perangkap yellow pan trap dan pitfall trap dipasang berjumlah 2 perangkap pada setiap sub plot. Sampel yang diperoleh kemudian disaring dan disimpan dalam fial berisi alcohol. Kemudian mengamati morfologi spesimen untuk menentukan morfospesies menggunakan mikroskop. Seluruh data yang telah didapatkan kemudian diinput di dalam database pada Microsoft Excel dan Spreadsheet, lalu dianalisis menggunakan Rstudio. Karakteristik lanskap pada 12 lokasi penelitian sangat bervariasi, setiap lokasi memiliki perbedaan tipe penggunaan lahan yang beragam. Keragaman spesies laba-laba pada 12 lokasi penelitian ditemukan sebanyak 9 famili, 29 morfospesies, dan 814 individu. Adapun famili yang mempunyai keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan tertinggi adalah famili Lycosidae dan Salticidae. Faktor cara budidaya tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman spesies dan kelimpahan individu laba-laba. Pada faktor komposisi lanskap, hanya Class Area sawah yang memengaruhi keanekaragaman laba-laba.
Reading Prosody: The Role of Automaticity and Motivational Variables
Authors: Cruz Joana , Brito Diana , Pinho Maria Catarina , Rodrigues Bruna , Cadime Irene
Published: December 2024

Proficient reading goes beyond the automatic recognition of words; it involves the ability to read a text effortlessly, with expressiveness, intonation, appropriate pauses, and accuracy. Several studies support the idea that prosody is the most prominent skill in reading fluency due to its strong connection with reading comprehension. The present study sought to expand knowledge on the association of prosody with motivational variables, such as self-concept and reading enjoyment, over and above reading speed and accuracy. The study involved 189 third grade students from public schools in the North, Center, and South of Portugal. The results indicate that motivational variables, particularly self-concept, are associated to prosody performance. However, when reading speed and accuracy are included in the model, the motivational variables are no longer predictors of prosody performance. The results are discussed, allowing for reflection on possible implications for practice in the context of early elementary education.
Combining Antibodies, COVID-19, and Neuroscience: Review Study
Authors: Shaban Dimah , Al-Ani Muzhir Shaban , Kahwachi Wasfi
Published: December 2024

Emphasis on neuroscience, this research examines antibodies in Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19). We used neuroscience as a foundational field to begin our investigation. On February 10, 2024, this search was conducted using the ScienceDirect database. 552,211 papers with the keyword “neuroscience” were found. Next, we found 309,196 papers using the COVID-19 keyword and 106,473 publications using the antibodies keyword. Furthermore, we got 9039 papers by combining COVID-19 and neuroscience, and 3576 publications by combining antibodies and COVID-19. Last but not least, the investigation will concentrate on the 243 papers; we acquired by integrating antibodies, COVID-19, and neuroscience. Two hundred and forty-three publications make it through many filtering stages, ultimately yielding 41 publications.
Prioritizing Trust in Podiatrists’ Preference for AI in Supportive Roles Over Diagnostic Roles in Health Care: Qualitative Interview and Focus Group Study
Authors: Tahtali Mohammed A , Snijders Chris C P , Dirne Corné W G M , Le Blanc Pascale M
Published: December 2024

Background

As artificial intelligence (AI) evolves, its roles have expanded from helping out with routine tasks to making complex decisions, once the exclusive domain of human experts. This shift is pronounced in health care, where AI aids in tasks ranging from image recognition in radiology to personalized treatment plans, demonstrating the potential to, at times, surpass human accuracy and efficiency. Despite AI’s accuracy in some critical tasks, the adoption of AI in health care is a challenge, in part because of skepticism about being able to rely on AI decisions.

Objective

This study aimed to identify and delve into more effective and acceptable ways of integrating AI into a broader spectrum of health care tasks.

Methods

We included 2 qualitative phases to explore podiatrists’ views on AI in health care. Initially, we interviewed 9 podiatrists (7 women and 2 men) with a mean age of 41 (SD 12) years and aimed to capture their sentiments regarding the use and role of AI in their work. Subsequently, a focus group with 5 podiatrists (4 women and 1 man) with a mean age of 54 (SD 10) years delved into AI’s supportive and diagnostic roles on the basis of the interviews. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using Atlas.ti and QDA-Miner, using both thematic analysis for broad patterns and framework analysis for structured insights per established guidelines.

Results

Our research unveiled 9 themes and 3 subthemes, clarifying podiatrists’ nuanced views on AI in health care. Key overlapping insights in the 2 phases included a preference for using AI in supportive roles, such as triage, because of its efficiency and process optimization capabilities. There is a discernible hesitancy toward leveraging AI for diagnostic purposes, driven by concerns regarding its accuracy and the essential nature of human expertise. The need for transparency and explainability in AI systems emerged as a critical factor for fostering trust in both phases.

Conclusions

The findings highlight a complex view from podiatrists on AI, showing openness to its application in supportive roles while exercising caution with diagnostic use. This result is consistent with a careful introduction of AI into health care in roles, such as triage, in which there is initial trust, as opposed to roles that ask the AI for a complete diagnosis. Such strategic adoption can mitigate initial resistance, gradually building the confidence to explore AI’s capabilities in more nuanced tasks, including diagnostics, where skepticism is currently more pronounced. Adopting AI stepwise could thus enhance trust and acceptance across a broader range of health care tasks, aligning technology integration with professional comfort and patient care standards.
Perceptions in 3.6 Million Web-Based Posts of Online Communities on the Use of Cancer Immunotherapy: Data Mining Using BERTopic
Authors: Wu Xingyue , Lam Chun Sing , Hui Ka Ho , Loong Herbert Ho-fung , Zhou Keary Rui , Ngan Chun-Kit , Cheung Yin Ting
Published: December 2024

Background

Immunotherapy has become a game changer in cancer treatment. The internet has been used by patients as a platform to share personal experiences and seek medical guidance. Despite the increased utilization of immunotherapy in clinical practice, few studies have investigated the perceptions about its use by analyzing social media data.

Objective

This study aims to use BERTopic (a topic modeling technique that is an extension of the Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers machine learning model) to explore the perceptions of online cancer communities regarding immunotherapy.

Methods

A total of 4.9 million posts were extracted from Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, and 16 online cancer-related forums. The textual data were preprocessed by natural language processing. BERTopic modeling was performed to identify topics from the posts. The effectiveness of isolating topics from the posts was evaluated using 3 metrics: topic diversity, coherence, and quality. Sentiment analysis was performed to determine the polarity of each topic and categorize them as positive or negative. Based on the topics generated through topic modeling, thematic analysis was conducted to identify themes associated with immunotherapy.

Results

After data cleaning, 3.6 million posts remained for modeling. The highest overall topic quality achieved by BERTopic was 70.47% (topic diversity: 87.86%; topic coherence: 80.21%). BERTopic generated 14 topics related to the perceptions of immunotherapy. The sentiment score of around 0.3 across the 14 topics suggested generally positive sentiments toward immunotherapy within the online communities. Six themes were identified, primarily covering (1) hopeful prospects offered by immunotherapy, (2) perceived effectiveness of immunotherapy, (3) complementary therapies or self-treatments, (4) financial and mental impact of undergoing immunotherapy, (5) impact on lifestyle and time schedules, and (6) side effects due to treatment.

Conclusions

This study provides an overview of the multifaceted considerations essential for the application of immunotherapy as a therapeutic intervention. The topics and themes identified can serve as supporting information to facilitate physician-patient communication and the decision-making process. Furthermore, this study also demonstrates the effectiveness of BERTopic in analyzing large amounts of data to identify perceptions underlying social media and online communities.
Allied Health Professionals’ Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence in the Clinical Setting: Cross-Sectional Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Hoffman Jane , Hattingh Laetitia , Shinners Lucy , Angus Rebecca L , Richards Brent , Hughes Ian , Wenke Rachel
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to address growing logistical and economic pressures on the health care system by reducing risk, increasing productivity, and improving patient safety; however, implementing digital health technologies can be disruptive. Workforce perception is a powerful indicator of technology use and acceptance, however, there is little research available on the perceptions of allied health professionals (AHPs) toward AI in health care.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore AHP perceptions of AI and the opportunities and challenges for its use in health care delivery.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey was conducted at a health service in, Queensland, Australia, using the Shinners Artificial Intelligence Perception tool.

RESULTS

A total of 231 (22.1%) participants from 11 AHPs responded to the survey. Participants were mostly younger than 40 years (157/231, 67.9%), female (189/231, 81.8%), working in a clinical role (196/231, 84.8%) with a median of 10 years’ experience in their profession. Most participants had not used AI (185/231, 80.1%), had little to no knowledge about AI (201/231, 87%), and reported workforce knowledge and skill as the greatest challenges to incorporating AI in health care (178/231, 77.1%). Age (P=.01), profession (P=.009), and AI knowledge (P=.02) were strong predictors of the perceived professional impact of AI. AHPs generally felt unprepared for the implementation of AI in health care, with concerns about a lack of workforce knowledge on AI and losing valued tasks to AI. Prior use of AI (P=.02) and years of experience as a health care professional (P=.02) were significant predictors of perceived preparedness for AI. Most participants had not received education on AI (190/231, 82.3%) and desired training (170/231, 73.6%) and believed AI would improve health care. Ideas and opportunities suggested for the use of AI within the allied health setting were predominantly nonclinical, administrative, and to support patient assessment tasks, with a view to improving efficiencies and increasing clinical time for direct patient care.

CONCLUSIONS

Education and experience with AI are needed in health care to support its implementation across allied health, the second largest workforce in health. Industry and academic partnerships with clinicians should not be limited to AHPs with high AI literacy as clinicians across all knowledge levels can identify many opportunities for AI in health care.
Cerina- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy based mobile application for managing GAD symptoms among university students: results from a pilot feasibility randomised controlled trial (Preprint)
Authors: Eylem-van Bergeijk Ozlem , Robinson Tony , Manktelow Matthew , Olympios Michail , Poulter Siobhan , Prasannajeet Mane Prasannajeet , Condell Joan , Leavey Gerard
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is common among university students due to academic pressure and financial uncertainty among other challenges. Despite the need, the receipt of available psychological services is often low.

OBJECTIVE

The present study investigates the feasibility of a digital unguided Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)-based mobile application-Cerina, and it examines the likely effects of this intervention in reducing GAD symptoms compared to the wait-list control group.

METHODS

Eligible students (N=158) with mild to moderate GAD symptoms were self-assessed through online questionnaires and were randomly allocated to the intervention group (N=79) or to the wait-list control group (N=79) following their informed consent. The intervention group had direct access to Cerina and followed CBT-based interactive sessions for 6 weeks. The wait-list control group participants had access to optional on-campus wellbeing services and they were given access to Cerina 6 weeks after their randomisation. Participants in both conditions completed baseline, mid-assessment and post-test online questionnaires on usability, generalised anxiety, depression, worry and functional impairment. Additionally, upon completing the intervention, participants in both conditions were invited to an online interview to understand the implementation of the intervention in more depth.

RESULTS

On average (N=10/79, 13%) intervention group participants dropped out and (N=36/69, 61 %) completed the core clinical content (2 sessions) and (N=7/69, 12%) completed desired number of sessions (6 and/or 7 sessions). The completers analyses revealed significant group differences in generalised anxiety (p=.03) (d=-0.7) and worry symptoms (p=.02 ) (d=-0.8) as well as functional impairment (p=.04) (d=-0.6) in favour of the intervention group at post-test with medium to large effect sizes. There was also potential impact of the intervention on depression symptoms among completers with medium effect sizes (p=.12) (d=-0.5). The intention-to-treat analyses confirmed significant group differences in generalised anxiety symptoms (p=.03) (d=-0.4), and there were marginally non-significant group differences in worry symptoms (p=.05) (d=-0.3) in favour of the intervention group at post-test with medium effect sizes.

CONCLUSIONS

The Cerina app showed promising results in reducing GAD symptoms among students. The usability issues highlight the importance of refining the intervention iteratively with feedback and testing the long-term effects of engagement features in mitigating such issues.

CLINICALTRIAL

https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06146530

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083554
Factors Influencing the Profitability of Agricultural Cooperative Members: Case of Tuzamurane Cyeza Cooperative, Muhanga District, Rwanda
Authors: Nzamurambaho Felicien , Ekowati Titik , Gayatri Siwi
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to examine the influential factors that lead to the profitability of Tuzamurane Cyeza Cooperative members in Muhanga District, Rwanda. The assessment was carried out with a survey method using 120 respondents who were selected using purposive sampling. The respondents comprised 60 cooperative members and 60 non-cooperative members who were maize farmers, while 6 local leaders and staff of Tuzamurane Cyeza Cooperative were used as key informants. Data were then collected using questionnaires and interviews, followed by assessment using profitability calculation and multiple regression analysis. The assessment was carried out to analyze the effect of the independent variables (price of maize seeds, price of fertilizers, price of pesticides, wage of labor, maize production, and land lease price) on the dependent variable (the profitability of cooperative members of Tuzamurane Cyeza). The results showed that the profitability of 60 members was 13.8%, while a value of 4.9% was obtained for non-cooperative members. The value of the F-Critical (2.26) was less than the F-calculated (7.200) and the P-value (0.009) was below the significant level (0.05). This showed that the model developed in this study could be used in predicting the contribution of independent variables to the dependent variable. This study also showed that 1 coefficient (maize production) had a positive relationship with Tuzamurane Cyeza Cooperative members, while 5 coefficients (price of maize seeds, price of fertilizers, price of pesticides, wages of labor, land lease price) had an inverse association. Based on the results, all independent variables had an impact on the profitability.
Sweet corn windbreaker’s effect on microweather changes and increases growth and yield of water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) on the Samas coastal sandy land
Authors: Ulfah Fajarani , Indradewa Didik , Respatie Dyah Weny
Published: December 2024

High wind speed is one of the limiting factors for plant cultivation in coastal sandy land. To mitigate this, sweet corn, an annual plant, can be cultivated as a windbreaker. Water spinach is one of the short-lived plants cultivated by farmers in coastal sandy land. The study aimed to figure out the microweather change, growth, and yield of water spinach protected by sweet corn as windbreaker in various planting locations in Samas coastal sandy land. The research had been conducted in Samas coastal sandy land, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region, from October to November 2022. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design non-factorial, containing five treatment levels and four repetitions. The treatment of the planting location of sweet corn as a windbreaker is without sweet corn, sweet corn positioned on the “east”, sweet corn on the “east and west”, sweet corn on the “south”, and sweet corn on the “south and north”. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and if the difference was marked, the data analysis was proceeded to Tukey HSD with α = 5%. The results showed that sweet corn windbreaker placed on the “east” was the most effective in decreasing wind speed, thereby modifying the microweather of water spinach plot by lowering air temperature and increasing air humidity and soil moisture content during November on the Samas coastal sandy land. Growth, dry matter accumulation, and water spinach yield increased, although the dry harvest index and fresh harvest index did not show any improvement.
Analysis of sweet corn growth and yield with the use of organic cow manure fertilizer
Authors: Nurmalasari Aprilia Ike , Supriyono Supriyono , Linda Franciska , Sukaya Sukaya
Published: December 2024

Sweet corn is a horticultural crop that is widely cultivated and consumed by Indonesian people. Meeting the demand for sweet corn is still reliant on imports; therefore, increasing production by improving soil properties through proper fertilization. Cow manure with a content of N 2.33%, P 0.61%, and K 1.58% is able to add nutrients to the soil. This research aimed to obtain an optimum dose of organic fertilizer for sweet corn growth and yield. The doses of cow manure consisting of 5 levels: control, 10, 20, 30, and 40 tons ha⁻¹ were assigned in the randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Data analysis deployed analysis of variance (Anova) at 5% level, and if there were significant differences, it would be proceeded to Duncan Multiple Range Test  5% and orthogonal polynomial. The results showed that a dose of 20 tons ha⁻¹ was able to increase growth in plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves by 12.92%, 26.29%, and 15.67%, respectively, compared to the control. A dose of 35 tons ha⁻¹ can produce a weight of cob-husk and cob without-husk per plot, respectively, 4.38 kg plot⁻¹ and 2.64 kg plot⁻¹, and a productivity of cob-husk of 5.30 tons ha⁻¹. A dose of 38 tons ha⁻¹ can produce a cob without-husk productivity of 3.29 tons ha⁻¹.
Dissemination of Organic Waste Crushing Machine Technology to Accelerate The Competitiveness of Zero Waste-Based Farming Businesses
Authors: NURROHKAYATI ANIS SITI
Published: December 2024

Straw is a waste from the rice harvest left over from farming activities that can be used as animal feed and organic fertilizer. Rice straw as an animal feed can be supplemented with probiotics to increase feed nutrition. Rice straw has a high potassium content which is beneficial for the fertility of agricultural land soil. The purpose of this community service activity is to increase the knowledge of the Sri Warga farmer group regarding the benefits of rice straw and the application of organic waste shredding machine technology. The physical process of shredding rice straw can improve the quality of animal feed and can accelerate the composting process of organic fertilizer. The results of the community service activity show the enthusiasm of the farmer group members in the application of organic waste shredding machine technology and the use of rice straw. There is an increase in the understanding of the knowledge of the farmer group members regarding the benefits of rice straw as an animal feed and as an organic fertilizer to improve soil quality.
Building Capacity of Conservation Area Stakeholders in Managing Invasive Species
Authors: Poedjirahajoe Erny , Mahayani Ni Putu Diana , Wardhani Frita Kusuma , Satria Ryan Adi , Pahlevi Muhammad Reza
Published: December 2024

One of the ecological challenges in managing conservation areas is the colonization and establishment of alien and/or native plant species, especially after forest disturbances. The capacity stakeholders to determine the invasiveness risk of these plant species groups and then management strategies to monitor changes in vegetation structure and species composition is critical. The community engagement program aims to improve the capacity of conservation area stakeholders to identify plant species, including invasive species, and assess the risk of invasive species. Focus group discussion (FGD) were conducted online and offline and targeted stakeholders of the Natural Resources Conservation Agency (Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam–BKSDA) of Central Java Province. Three FGD sessions were held on the topics: (1) forest monitoring and invasion ecology, (2) plant species identification and invasive species monitoring techniques, and (3) vegetation and invasiveness risk analysis. During the discussion, target groups shared ideas and lessons learned related to managing invasive species in the field. The results showed a significant increase in the capacity of the target group (p=4.546e-09), as the average pre-test score was 56.25 ± 13.68 compared to the average post-test score of 75.70 ± 20.27. The target group understands the definition of an invasive (alien) species, the factors that determine the success of this species invasion, and the positive and negative contributions alien species to the newly established ecosystem. Some gaps that need to be addressed relate to methods and criteria for identifying species invasiveness in invasive species risk analysis. As a follow-up, a practical training on invasive (alien) species risk analysis was conducted at different occasion and funding sources.
The “Benderang Sentosa” Waste Management Program Increase The Community Knowledge In Managing Waste To Achieve A Healthy Environment
Authors: Sulistyono R Endro , Artiani Nanda Ayu , Bezariani Calista Safa
Published: December 2024

Background: Waste management is still become important issue related to environmental health. Lack of knowledge in waste management can cause negative impacts on the environment, such as soil, water and air pollution, and can also be a source of disease. This community services aims to implementing the The “Benderang Sentosa” Waste Management Program in increasing community knowledge in managing waste. Method: The program was health education and training conducted in three times during three weeks. The participants was 60 school-age children and 50 health cadres. The community knowledge was measure using questionnaire that had been developed. The analysis was compare the descriptive data between pre and post intervention. Main results: The level of knowledge of cadres about waste management was increased to 76%. Similarly, most school-age children improved to 75% demonstrating a good understanding of waste management. Conclusion: The “Benderang Sentosa” Waste Management Program can increase community knowledge about waste management.
Social Media's Influence on Political Participation: Insights from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Indonesian Psychology
Authors: Kurniawan Wawan , Arham Muhammad , Muluk Hamdi
Published: December 2024

This systematic review and meta-analysis examine the impact of social media on political participation. It explores whether social media functions merely as an echo chamber for pre-existing beliefs or as a dynamic tool for political engagement. Sixteen studies, involving 33,257 participants, were selected and synthesized after applying inclusion criteria and conducting multiple filtering stages. The findings reveal that, while social media can enhance political participation, its effectiveness is highly context-dependent, and its overall impact is moderate. This suggests that social media is not transformative but rather supports existing political behaviors. For Indonesian psychological research, these insights highlight the importance of considering local socio-political contexts when analyzing social media's role. Future studies should investigate the socio-cultural moderators affecting this relationship in Indonesia to inform the development of more effective political communication strategies through social media. This study contributes to the discourse on digital platforms' role in political dynamics, particularly in diverse democratic settings like Indonesia.
The Indonesian Version of the Online Learning Motivated Attention and Regulatory Strategies (OL-MARS v.2) Scale
Authors: Gani Suriati Abdul , Murwani F. Danardana , Hitipeuw Imanuel , Radjah Carolina L.
Published: December 2024

The increasing use of ICT and the tendency for media multitasking among students have raised concerns about their negative impact on attention and the challenges they pose to regulation strategies. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Indonesian version of the Online Learning Motivated Attention and Regulatory Strategies (OL-MARS v.2) scale among undergraduate university students. The OL-MARS v.2 is a 24-item scale measuring two main constructs: perceived attention problems (PAP) and self-regulatory strategies (SRS). PAP includes three subscales: perceived attention discontinuity (PAD), lingering thoughts (LT), and social media notifications (SMN), while SRS comprises behavioral strategies (BS) and outcome appraisal (OA). The scale was administered to 1,360 undergraduate students at a private university in Indonesia. Alpha coefficients for the total scores ranged from 0.463 to 0.800, indicating overall good to acceptable reliability, although the LT subscale showed the lowest alpha (0.463), which was acceptable but not ideal. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to evaluate the model fit. The OL-MARS v.2 shows potential as a valuable tool for assessing students' attention states and self-regulation strategies in online learning environments.
Evaluation of WWTF COVID-19 Rapid Response Call
Authors:   Technopolis Group | Austria, Warta Katharina , Dudenbostel Tobias , Pöschko Mona
Published: December 2024

The Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) has commissioned Technopolis Austria to evaluate the COVID-19 Rapid Response Call. The evaluation looks at the process, implementation, results, and impact of the Call and formulates formative conclusions and recommendations, in particular on the extent to which lessons can be drawn from the experience with the COVID-19 Rapid Response Call for other programmes and processes of the WWTF or other funding organisations. The evaluation was conducted between April 2023 and November 2023 and is based on document analysis, in particular coded project final reports, a self-assessment report by the WWTF, a network analysis of collaborations, a focus group with representatives of funded projects, as well as interviews with applicants, jury members, and various stakeholders. We also provide an overview of international experience with comparable programmes.