bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВЧЕНИЙ-ЕНТОМОЛОГ А.М. ЧЕРНІЙ
Authors: Krut’ M. V.
Published: May 2021

Черній Фнатолій Мусійович є одним з засновників нового напряму досліджень – управління поведінкою, розвитком й розмноженням комах і обмеження їх чисельності вибірково діючими синтетичними біорегуляторами. Його наукова діяльність протягом більш як 50 років була пов'язана з Інститутом захисту рослин НААН України. Майже 25 років він завідував лабораторією технології застосування біологічно активних речовин, пізніше – відділом екології і технології застосування ентомофагів та БАР. Черній А.М. здійснював екологічну оцінку популяцій яблуневої плодожерки в Україні. Виявив, що побудова програми генетичної боротьби з нею в садах різних кліматичних зон слід проводити з урахуванням репродуктивної здатності популяції шкідника. Він розробив систему феромоного моніторингу популяцій шкідників сільськогосподарських рослин, що дала можливість спостерігати за динамікою їх розвитку і планувати проведення захисних заходів. Крім того, А.М. Черній обґрунтував доцільність застосування регуляторів життєдіяльності комах проти лускокрилих шкідників яблуневого саду; капусти білокачанної проти ряду шкідників (капустяна совка, капустяна і ріпна білянки, капустяна міль). В заходах боротьби проти колорадського жука він рекомендував обробляти картоплю препаратами на основі інгібіторів синтезу хітину. А.М. Черній обґрунтував також концептуальні основи інтегрованого захисту плодового саду в рамках технології управління агроекосистеми.
Desde el Abya Yala hasta Kurdistán. Conciencia opositiva diferencial y articulaciones feministas disidentes descolonizadoras y despatriarcalizadoras
Authors: Maritano Ornella
Published: May 2021

Este artículo analiza el evento denominado plaza de Abya Yala, realizado en el marco del 34° Encuentro Nacional de Mujeres, en la ciudad de La Plata, Argentina en 2019. El análisis se basa en el marco teórico de la descolonialidad y en la crítica planteada por las feministas latinoamericanas a la noción de interseccionalidad. A partir de las características más sobresalientes de dicha actividad –que congregó gran cantidad de corporalidades y subjetividades feminizadas y disidentes– se recuperan las principales enunciaciones que allí tuvieron lugar. Este evento es analizado como una forma de articulación entre los feminismos de carácter plurinacional, indígenas populares y los feminismos disidentes en clave de coalición feminista disidente despatriarcalizadora y descolonizadora. El estudio concluye que la plaza de Abya Yala constituyó el escenario político para el surgimiento de una conciencia crítica de carácter translocal/global feminista disidente, descolonizadora y despatriarcalizadora.
Pre-Heating Effect on the Microhardness and Depth of Cure of Bulk-Fill Composite Resins
Authors: Değirmenci Alperen , Bilgili Can Dilber
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of preheating three bulk-fill and one conventional composite resin on the Vickers microhardness and depth of cure of these composites. METHODS: In this study, three bulk-fill composites-SDR Plus (SDR), Estelite BULK FILL Flow (EST), Admira® Fusion x-tra (AFX), and one conventional composite resin G-ænial POSTERIOR (GP) were used as the control group. The samples were obtained at room temperature (24°C) and at 55°C in T2 mode after being placed in a heating device for 10 minutes. The samples were divided into eight groups (n=10) according to the type of material and heating process that was utilized (preheated and nonheated). All samples were tested with a Vickers microhardness (VHN) tester on the bottom and top surfaces. The first measurements were obtained at baseline; the second set of measurements was performed after the samples were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. The depth of cure was calculated using a bottom/top hardness ratio of measurements. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing the SPSS V23 and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Lastly, the Duncan test was used for multiple comparisons (p<0.05). RESULTS: While the VHN increased after the preheating procedure in bulk-fill composites, it decreased in GP. There was no difference between the baseline and the 24-hour VHN values in SDR and GP. After 24 hours, while the VHN of EST increased, the VHN of AFX decreased. There was no difference between the hardness ratios of the AFX and EST samples (p<0.001) and hardness ratios were greater than GP and SDR. CONCLUSION: When comparing the baseline and the 24-hour values, the VHN depended on the type of materials. Sufficient curing depth was obtained in all groups with a thickness of 2mm.
Outline of a theory of non-translation
Authors: Glynn Dominic
Published: May 2021

Non-translation has not been adequately theorised despite its relevance to conceptualising how texts circulate across linguistic and cultural borders. This article outlines a theory which defines non-translation in three ways: first, in terms of systemic resistance to translation; second, as a set of procedures forming part of an overarching translation strategy; third, as the result of discourse that conceals the process of translation for various purposes. It describes the characteristics of ideological, economic, and poetological resistance to translation, categorising environments as hostile or hospitable depending on the extent to which translation is prevented from happening. Moving beyond a binary opposition between translation and its negative, the article then considers how partial non-translation might be used as a procedure to facilitate the translation of the rest of a text. Finally, the ways in which translational actions are concealed or negated, and thus rendered non-translations, are examined. The overarching aim of the article is to contribute a workable theory of non-translation that will serve as the basis for future studies of translation as a practice, process and product.
A self-efficacy scale for measuring student progress in translation company simulations
Authors: Konttinen Kalle
Published: May 2021

Applying factor analysis on survey data, this paper develops a concise scale of translation service provision self-efficacy aimed for diagnosing learning needs and assessing progress in pedagogical translation company simulations. First, a model of translation service provision activities based on the translation service provision standard ISO 17100 and a business process model of translation service is constructed and operationalized as a draft scale. The draft scale is then tested in an international survey (n = 380) conducted in connection with translation company simulation courses in university-level translator education. Exploratory factor analysis is used to identify dimensions and adequate items for a concise scale that comprises two four-item subscales: a project management self-efficacy subscale and a translation-production self-efficacy subscale. The scale is validated through confirmatory factor analysis. It is expected to be useful as a light-weight measurement instrument for frequent testing or as a compact part of more extensive scales.
Investigating usability in postediting neural machine translation: Evidence from translation trainees' self-perception and performance
Authors: Wang Xiangling , Wang Tingting , Muñoz Martín Ricardo , Jia Yanfang
Published: May 2021

This is a report on an empirical study on the usability for translation trainees of neural machine translation systems when post-editing (mtpe). Sixty Chinese translation trainees completed a questionnaire on their perceptions of mtpe's usability. Fifty of them later performed both a post-editing task and a regular translation task, designed to examine mtpe's usability by comparing their performance in terms of text processing speed, effort, and translation quality. Contrasting data collected by the questionnaire, keylogging, eyetracking and retrospective reports we found that, compared with regular, unaided translation, mtpe's usefulness in performance was remarkable: (1) it increased translation trainees' text processing speed and also improved their translation quality; (2) mtpe's ease of use in performance was partly proved in that it significantly reduced informants' effort as measured by (a) fixation duration and fixation counts; (b) total task time; and (c) the number of insertion keystrokes and total keystrokes. However, (3) translation trainees generally perceived mtpe to be useful to increase productivity, but they were skeptical about its use to improve quality. They were neutral towards the ease of use of mtpe.
An updated list of the ichthyofauna of Ipanema National Forest, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Smith Welber Senteio , Halcsik Leticia , Biagioni Renata Cassemiro , Pinheiro Lúcio Antônio Stefani , Severino Stefani Marta
Published: May 2021

The Ipanema National Forest has been thoroughly studied in the last 25 years, and 50 species of fish species (47 native and three invasive) were reported in 2013. Intensive inventory work carried out by us between 2012 and 2017 found 39 additional species distributed in five orders and 13 families. Our study provides new data which may help efforts to preserve the Ipanema National Forest.
Protective action of priming agents on Urochloa brizantha seeds under water restriction and salinity conditions
Authors: Oliveira Thaísa Fernanda , Santos Heloisa Oliveira dos , Vaz-Tostes Douglas Pelegrini , Cavasin Pedro Yuri , Rocha Debora Kelli , Tirelli Giovani Virgílio
Published: May 2021

Abstract: Analyses of germination of seeds under artificial stress conditions are tools for a better understanding of the survival and adaptation capacity of species under natural stress conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of priming on seed germination, on breaking of dormancy, and on the length of Urochloa brizantha seedlings under water restriction and salt stress conditions. A completely randomized experimental design was used with four replications in a 3 × 6 factorial arrangement consisting of 3 germination conditions (water, water restriction with PEG, and salinity with NaCl) and 6 treatments [five priming solutions (distilled water, potassium nitrate, spermidine, gibberellin, and sodium nitroprusside) and a control (unprimed seeds)]. The following determinations were made: seed moisture content after priming (before drying) and after drying the seeds, germination test at seven and twenty-one days after sowing, germination speed index, viability by the tetrazolium test of the seeds remaining from the germination test, and seedling length. Priming is effective in minimizing the negative effects of water restriction and salinity. Use of sodium nitroprusside as a priming solution results in a lower percentage of dormant seeds and greater germination, vigor, and plant development.
The Effect of Needle Sizes for Sample Adequacy in Thyroid Nodule Fine-Needle Biopsies
Authors: ARSLAN Muhammet , ASLAN Halil , ÇAKMAK Pınar , ALPUA Mehmet , HARKTI Esra , GÖKTAŞ Hatice , YALÇIN Nagihan
Published: May 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic adequacy of thyroid samples obtained
with 22-Gauge and 27-Gauge needles.
Materials and Methods: From January 2019 to December 2019, 860 patients with thyroid nodules who underwent ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsies were included in this retrospective study. The results of the samples taken were classified cytologically according to the Bethesda 2017classification. Sample adequacy rates were calculated for each group and compared using chi-square tests.
Results: Our cytological results were reported as 157 (18,3%) inadequate materials (Bethesda1). There were no statistically significant differences among the adequacy rates achieved with 22- and 27-gauge needles (80.4% and 83.2%, respectively; P>0.05). There was no significant or permanent complication.
Conclusion: There was no difference between 22 and 27-Gauge needle sizes in diagnostic adequate sample. Prospective randomized controlled studies are needed to examine the relationships between nodule, needle, and patient dependent variables.
Seeking New Parameters In Differentiating Child Tuberculosis From Community Acquired Pneumonia- Is It Possible?”
Authors: BOZDEMİR Şefika Elmas
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio(MLR) are useful biomarkers of inflammation used in many diseases to evaluate bacteremia, disease activity, recurrence rate, surveillance and prognosis.
Objective: Aim of this study was to evaluate NLR and MLR in the differential diagnosis of children with pulmonary tuberculosis disease from CAP.
Materials and Methods: I reviewed hospital-records of 50 children with pulmonary tuberculosis disease in the Pediatric Infectious Disease Ward between June 2016 and December 2018, and compared; NLR and MLR with 50 CAP and 50 healthy children. Also; erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) and C-reactive protein(CRP) were compared between the tuberculosis and CAP group.
Results: When 3 groups were compared there was significant difference among NLR and MLR values between 3 groups. In pairwise-comparisons, there was significant difference among NLR and MLR values between tuberculosis versus healthy controls, and CAP versus healthy controls. However, there was no significant difference among NLR, MLR values between tuberculosis versus CAP groups.
Conclusion: This study is unique that evluates NLR and MLR in tuberculosis differentiation. Although NLR and MLR values are useful biomarkers of inflammation in both pulmonary tuberculosis and CAP seperately, they’re not as useful as expected in differentiating tuberculosis from CAP in children.
»Der Kapitalismus ist 2008 zu seinem Ende gekommen«. Interview mit Yanis Varoufakis
Authors: Spiegel Simon
Published: May 2021

Former Greek Minister of Finance Yanis Varoufakis talks about his utopian novel Another Now, the blockchain, and the end of capitalism.
Formation of the Doctrine and Legislation on Legal Regimes of Banking
Authors:   Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Tarasenko O. A.
Published: May 2021

Introduction: the article presents the results of a critical analysis of the current state of theory and legislation on the legal regimes of banking. Objectives: to build a competitive legal framework for the operation of Russian credit institutions in ordinary and extraordinary legal regimes; to increase the availability of banking services in the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol; to develop the theory of legal regimes of entrepreneurial activities and banking. Methods: the methodological framework of this study is a set of scientific methods where the main ones are the methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction and deduction, classification, interpretation, historical, comparative, statistical methods, logical methods of determining the scope and content of concepts; interpretation of law. Results: the author offers ideas contributing to the emerging doctrine of legal regimes of entrepreneurial activities in general and banking in particular: the paper provides arguments in favor of abandoning the category ‘general legal regime of entrepreneurial activities’; it substantiates the differentiation of legal regimes based on their legal properties into ordinary and extraordinary, with their further differentiation by business areas (or business entities), objectives and the initiator of introducing, regime quality completeness, voluntary or compulsory involvement of business entities, the impact on the business legal capacity, the territory of the legal regime and its validity. There are made numerous proposals aiming to improve the regulatory windows of the basic legal regime of banking and superstructural legal regimes – experimental, sanction and high-alert regimes. Conclusions: the theory of banking legal regimes has not yet been developed, which prevents creating an appropriate, efficient legislative system; active theoretical conceptualization and legislative improvement of all banking legal regimes are required.
The Impact of the Covid–19 Pandemic on the Health Behavior of Hungarian Social Worker Students from TransylvaniaTransylvania
Authors: Albert-Lőrincz Enikő , Albert-Lőrincz Csanád
Published: May 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has made it necessary to focus on health care. In our study, we discuss how the curfew has affected the mental health, health status and health behavior of a group of Hungarian social worker students from Transylvania. We are looking at what they have done to protect their health, what protective factors have allowed them to remain resilient, and maintain their good mental and physical health. We point out the values and ways that enabled them to handle the situation. Our goal was to draw attention to the fact that crisis situations can be dealt with awareness, conscious use of techniques and purposeful allocation of resources. Keywords: pandemic, crisis, resilience, protective factors, health behavior
“Typical” Migrant Biographies from Sfântu Gheorghe/Sepsiszentgyörgy
Authors: Sólyom Andrea
Published: May 2021

The analysis on youth migration was developed in the framework of “YOUMIG – Improving institutional capacities and fostering cooperation to tackle the impacts of transnational youth migration” project. The present paper offers a picture about the “typical” biographies of young migrants. In the municipality of Sfântu Gheorghe emigration is the most important migratory trend. Among emigrants one can identify short term migrants – this type is distinctive of Roma migrants, too; long term migrants, most of them aiming to earn a living through their labour migration; while a smaller group studies and works abroad at the same time. There are also return migrants but it is hard to estimate their proportions. During our research both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. The present paper is based on interviews conducted with young migrants. The present study starts with a short summary of the theoretical approaches applied during the analysis, followed by the methodology and a detailed characterization of the interviewees. The chapter presenting the local context concentrates on the demographic and economic indicators of the place of the fieldwork, then a short analysis is provided about the push and pull factors of the town based on the interviews. In order to achieve a detailed analysis three biographies were selected. Firstly, the milestones of their lives will be compared, followed by the analysis of their identitites and of their feelings toward the sending and emigrant (diaspora) communities. Secondly, their migration types and narrative strategies will be identified. Finally, the conclusions will highlight the similarities and differences revealed in the selected biographies. Keywords: migration, youth, biographies, narratives
Health Services and Causes of Death in Transylvania, Romania
Authors: Tóth-Batizán Emese Emőke , Gáspár Szeréna , Csata Zsombor , Barna Gergő
Published: May 2021

The study briefly presents the major changes that have taken place in the Romanian health care system in recent decades, as well as the strategies and legislative reforms that shaped these transformations. We examine time series data with primary relevance for the public health situation in the country. First, we compare national data with those from the other EU countries, then – with a special focus on Transylvania – we will highlight the regional differences within the country. Keywords: health services, healthcare reforms, regional disparities, causes of death, Transylvania – Romania
PARALLEL PANDEMIC: PSYCHOLOGICAL FACILITATION IN MEDICAL ASSISTANCE
Authors:   V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Volkova O.V. , Shesternya P.A. ,   V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University
Published: May 2021

Analysis of current studies in Russia and other countries allows to make a conclusion about the growing pace, developing so-called parallel pandemic, which is formed at the level of psychological health. This situation reveals the urgency to analyze the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic from both clinical psychology and general medical practice points of view. This article attempts to highlight the potentially possible, negative consequences of the pandemic, which affect the psychological state of different categories of the population. In particular the special attention is paid to the difficulties faced by health-care staff at the core of the fight against COVID-19. A comparative analysis of the current situation allowed the authors of this article to draw parallels between the state in which most of the population is now living and the state of the learned helplessness. A scheme for the medical and psychological assistance in the post-pandemic period has been proposed.
Mental Self-Regulatory System of Educational Activities: Metacognitive Approach
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation), Perikova E.I. , Bysova V.M. ,   Saint Petersburg State University (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Published: May 2021

The study was carried out using the integrative approach, in which the human psyche is con-sidered as a self-organizing system. The goal of this study was to describe in a consistent manner the mental self-regulatory system of educational activities in the context of the metacognitive approach. Our objectives were the following: to determine the impact of gender and age on the indicators of metacognitive awareness in educational activities; to describe the factor structure of the mental self-regulatory system of educational activities including metacognitive awareness. To assess the parameters of the self regulatory mental activity we used the following methods: The Self organization of Activity Questionnaire by E. Mandrikova (2010); Тhe dif-ferential reflectivity test by D. Leontiev and E. Osin (2014); The Еmotional Intelligence Questionnaire by D. Lyusin (2004), short version of the questionnaire “Metacognitive Aware-ness Inventory” by G. Schraw and R.S. Dennison, adapted by A. Karpov and I. Skityaeva (2005). The study involved 354 respondents, including 257 women and 97 men aged 18 to 45. The study was conducted on the basis of St. Petersburg University (BA students and occupa-tional re training students). The data was analyzed using means, standard deviations, Student's t test correlation, and factor analysis. During the study we found out that metacognitive awareness indicators were not associated significantly with the age of the general sample or in male and female groups. The male group was characterized by higher indicators of knowledge about cognition, and the female group was characterized by higher indicators of metacogni-tive regulation “Debugging strategies”. We described the factor structure of the mental self regulatory system of educational activities including metacognitive awareness. There are 4 factors: Metacognitive processes, Reflective processes, Planning and realization, and Opera-tional performance temporal perspective. Our research confirms that metacognitive aware-ness, emotional intelligence, and purposefulness are the main characteristics in the mental self regulatory system of educational activities and their development can increase the effec-tiveness of education. Reflection was at second rank in importance in the mental self regulatory process. The third and fourth factors are associated with the processes of realiza-tion and implementation of self regulatory activities. Thus, we recommend the teachers to develop students' metacognitive processes, such as metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation, interpersonal and intrapersonal emotional intelligence, and purposefulness for optimizing their self regulatory system.
APPLICATION THE PERSONAL STATUTE OF A LEGAL ENTITY IN CIVIL CASES
Authors:   Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation (Moscow, Russian Federation), Schukin Andrey I.
Published: May 2021

The decisions and activities of legal persons have consequences in many states, some-times giving rise overseas to disputes arising out of contracts, torts. The foreign element in such cases raises a number of difficult questions related to the legal status of the subjects of these relations: whether a legal entity created under the laws of one state is recognized as such in another state where it is engaged in economic activities; the laws of which state determine the legal capacity of a foreign legal entity? - etc. The answers to these questions may be found by means of the personal statute of a legal entity (lex societatis). The personal statute of a legal entity (lex societatis) is commonly referred to as the law, determined on the basis of a conflict of laws rule, to be applied to the totality of relations related to the legal entity and complicated by a foreign element, or at least to the main part of such relations. The application of the personal statute of a legal entity is relevant in civil cases in which at least one of the parties is a foreign corporation. This statute has to be resorted to in the case of a dispute on the merits, as well as in a number of other cases: determining the legal status of the disputing parties at the stage of initiation of the case and its subsequent resolution, checking the powers of the parties' representatives, etc. The court must examine the legal status of the corporation as a party to the proceeding before deciding on the applicable law. The purpose of this article is to analyze the practice of application by Russian courts the personal statute of a legal entity in resolving a number of procedural issues related to the determination of the legal status of the disputing parties, the verification of the credentials of the parties' representatives. The article provides an analysis of the content of the mentioned conflict of law norm, which is designed to help courts in their activities. The improvement of the investment climate in the state, the attractiveness of the national jurisdiction for economic activity, the stability of the civil turnover in general depend on the effective protection of the rights and legitimate interests of participants in corporate conflicts through justice. The study of features of the judicial form of protection of violated rights and interests in the light of the foreign element is of enduring theoretical and practical importance.
THE PROBLEM OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCAL LAW AND CORPORATE LAW
Authors:   Omsk State University (Omsk, Russian Federation), Kozhevnikov Vladimir V.
Published: May 2021

This research article, as the title suggests, is devoted to the general theoretical problem of the relationship between local legal norms and corporate norms. In the conditional first part of the study, local law norms are analysed, including from a historical perspective. Noting that the problem of local regulation has been the focus of attention of Soviet scientists (N.G. Ale-xandrov, R.I. Kondratyev, S.S. Karinsky, F.M. Leviant, L.I. Antonova), it is emphasized that local acts were originally understood as the result of rulemaking organizations, enterprises, institutions in the field of labour relations. An analysis of modern legal educational literature shows that scientists, when classifying the norms of law, either do not mention the existence of local norms of law at all, or show insufficient attention to their analysis, limiting them-selves to a few phrases. In doing so, authors often unreasonably fail to distinguish between local and departmental legal regulation or local and local legal regulation. Analyzing the types and essential features of local legal acts: their volitional content, intra-organizational character, bylaw nature, dynamism and stability, multiple application, duration of existence, compulsory for the addressees of norms, maintaining by the coercive power of the state, the author rightly states that all local acts arise by direct instruction of law, indicating that on a given issue This assertion is supported by examples of labour law and education law. By focusing on local labour law norms, the necessity of their adoption is justi-fied, and mandatory local law norms are analysed. It is thought that one of the current problems concerning local rules of law is their rela-tionship to corporate rules. It is the fact that many authors unreasonably refer to the norms of individual state organisations, i.e. local norms of law, as corporate norms. The author takes the position that corporate norms are rules of conduct established and provided by non-state organizations (political parties, public organizations, non-state institutions and enterprises, etc.) and apply to their members; they are contained in the statutes, regulations and other regulations of non-state organizations and determine the formation of these organizations, their structure, competence, rights, duties and responsibilities of their members. Moreover, the paper defends the view that corporate norms include, first, non-social cor-porate norms: technical norms; sanitary and hygienic norms; physiological norms; biological norms; second, social corporate norms: corporate customs, traditions, aesthetic, business customs, legal norms. In conclusion, it is argued that, although both local legal norms and corporate norms are intra-organisational in nature, they should be distinguished. Moreover, corporate norms, which have both technical and social aspects, should also be seen as having a legal aspect, implying the presence of corporate law norms.
ADMINISTRATIVE COERCION: PROBLEMS OF THEORY, LEGISLATION AND PRACTICE
Authors:   Moscow State Law University named after O.E. Kutafin (Moscow, Russian Federation), Starostin Sergey A.
Published: May 2021

The paper deals with the mechanism of administrative coercion. The peculiarity of the article content is a system analysis of the problems of theoretical, normative-legal and empirical (law-enforcement) aspects. The author defines the essence of administrative coercion, based on the modern system of legislative regulation and practice of its application, which has developed since March 2020. The article explores various aspects of administrative coercion. It is pointed out that the knowledge of administrative-legal coercion is impossible without its consideration in interre-lation with such categories as freedom, expediency, administrative responsibility.On the basis of the analysis of some coercive measures, applied in the conditions of pandemic, their legal assessment is given. Attention is drawn to the fact that in conditions of pandemic the measures of constraint which, according to their developers, fully conform to the require-ments of the Federal law "About protection of the population and territories against emergen-cies of natural and technogenic character" were and are often taken. It is not so! This Federal Law defines the general organizational and legal norms in the field of population and territory protection from emergencies, its effect covers the relations arising in the process of activity of state authorities of the Russian Federation and subjects of the Russian Federation, local authorities, as well as organizations and population in the field of population and territory protection from emergencies. In the context of the epidemic, the debate about the balance between voluntary submission and coercion in the form of fear of responsibility has intensified. Under conditions of uncer-tainty and unpredictability of the situation, the reality of risks, the legal regulation should be oriented towards protecting the population, excluding compromises and exceptions, blanket norms. But always possible in such conditions situations when the state in order to protect citizens, applies coercive measures not based on the law, when they are forced to be estab-lished by the executive authorities. The author of article used following methods: system analysis, dialectical, logical, com-parative-legal, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. As a result of the study conclusions were drawn that doctrine and practice convincingly prove that measures of administrative coercion should be formalized as much as possible. When the need arises to apply them, there is no time to discuss what measures, when, to what extent to apply. It is necessary to apply what is already there. When the situation returns to normal, the applied measures should be analysed and both the substantive norms and even more carefully the procedural norms should be improved. Provisions on executive authorities should include a mandatory section on "coercive measures applied by these authorities, grounds and procedure for their application".
Epidemiology of Mycotic Infections: Experience From A Tertiary Care Center Of Uttarakhand, India
Authors:   Assistant professor, Department of Microbiology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, Rohilla Dr. Ranjana , Mohanty Dr. Aroop ,   M.D, Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttarakhand, India, Meena Dr. Suneeta ,   M.D, Assistant Professor, Department of Laboratory, Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India, Bora Mamta ,   Student M.Sc, Medical Microbiology, Uttaranchal PG College of Biomedical Sciences and Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India, Singh Anshu ,   Ph.D. scholar, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India, Kaistha Neelam ,   M.D. Professor, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India, Gupta Dr. Pratima ,   M.D. Professor, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The overall changing epidemiology of fungal infections in the current scenario isbecause of an increase in immunocompromised population including cancer patients, Humanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, transplant receipts, and prolonged hospitalizationwith overuse of antimicrobial agents. These infections are challenging to diagnose and subsequentlymanage as their clinical symptomatology often mimics other common diseases like tuberculosis.Rapid diagnosis is limited and culture is often delayed due to slow growth rates of the causativeagents. Objective: This is a retrospective study to know the spectrum and burden of mycoticinfections in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: All samples collected from clinically suspected casesof fungal infections were sent to the Microbiology department over one year. The common specimensreceived were respiratory samples, scrapings from cornea, skin, and nail. All samples were firstobserved under direct microscopy using Potassium hydroxide (KOH) examination for the presence offungal elements and Gram stain for yeasts. India Ink examination was performed for sterile fluids.Fungal culture was done on Sabouraud's dextrose agar. Result: A total of 900 samples from variousdepartments were included, KOH examination was positive for 380 samples (42%) and fungalgrowth was obtained in 144 samples (16%). Rare fungi like Trichosporon dohaense (blood culture),Cladophialophora bantiana (brain abscess), Scedosporium apiospermum and Candida auris (bloodculture) were also isolated. Conclusion: Similar studies are needed to estimate the actual burden ofthe fungal infections in tertiary care health facilities, to help decrease the morbidity and mortalityassociated with underdiagnosed mycotic infections.
URBAN RENEWAL PLANNING IN GERMAN CITIES – A GOVERNANCE ANALYSIS
Authors: NEUGEBAUER Carola
Published: May 2021

The European Union and Germany strive for a “green and just Europe” with a climate-neutral building stock, net zero land consumption and cities of social cohesion and cultural identity. Thus, urban renewal as the protection and cautious re-modelling of socio-material urban fabrics re-gains topicality. Urban renewal is neither a new nor an easy mode of urban development: West Germany experienced the first heydays of urban renewal planning in 1960s and 70s; big constructions works triggered civil protests and spurred institutional changes, namely the introduction of citizen participation in planning. Since then, the planning and local political institutions have continued to change oscillating between neoliberal and ‘citizen democratic reforms’. So far, however, the German planning research has ignored these changes and the evolving experiences of urban renewal.
This paper steps in here: It aims at a critical review of the local practices of renewal planning in German cities today. Starting from the governance concept, the paper reveals key characteristics of and interdependencies among the local stakeholder groups in urban renewal – i.e. planners, politicians, citizens and activists, private entrepreneurs. It shows (1) how the formal political and planning institutions pre-frame the actors’ opportunities and interdependencies, and how they use leeway differently due to specific informal institutions. The paper (2) points at the tight and critical interdependency between the local political bodies and the planning departments, which differs importantly from some Eastern European contexts. Finally, the paper reveal (3) some new challenges that are the un-explored local effects of citizen participation and ppp-cooperation in German renewal planning today: It becomes evident that participatory and cooperative renewal planning is still a demanding learning process in Germany without easy nor final receipts.
PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING PRACTICES AND CIVIC ACTIVISM FOR URBAN SPACE RENOVATION: THE CASE OF KHERSON
Authors: MALCHYKOVA Daria
Published: May 2021

The article presents the results of the participatory budgeting research and urban activism in the renovation of the urban space of Kherson, and analyzes the modern features of urban space transformation.Participatory planning and budgeting today are the guidelines for the development of new, joint and integrated decisions in strategic development of the community. However, the Kherson city case study proved urban activism on issues of participatory budgeting to be small-scale in nature, which means that 2-5% of the city community is involved in budgeting, and the total cost of approved projects is less than 0.5% of the average annual city’s budget. Urban activism is quite sporadic beyond the participatory budgeting, which is the result of “small initiatives” of individual creative groups and entrepreneurs, rather than a strategic plan for spatial development of the community.The participatory budgeting in the Kherson city community development is still pseudo-participatory in its nature, given that much of decisions are aimed at solving the current domestic and communal problems, rather than implementing the agenda or strategic goals of community development.
In the era of actual city deindustrialization, Kherson should not only be positioned as one of the leaders in foreign and domestic tourism, but also restore its status of a comfortable city and a unique recreational and logistics center. The article presents the author’s vision of the planning decisions and urban activism prospects in the urban spaces’ transformation. The key points are the next: 1) renovation and revitalization of urban space should be carried out primarily by creating different types and functional purposes of creative spaces (new formats of recreation, communication, information education, inclusive environment development); 2) creation or renovation of existing public spaces should be carried out only with the involvement of participatory management mechanisms in order to provide the city with the functional content really needed by the community; 3) a particular strategic direction of urban space renovation should aim at the increase of green public spaces and benefiting from the unique Kherson city community location at the mouth of the Dnieper.
Interaction of nomination types in the sphere of perfume and cosmetic naming
Authors: Nikiforova Yevheniia , Biletska Tetiana , Galitska Elizaveta
Published: May 2021

This article deals with the aspect of naming the perfume and make-up goods. Special attention is given to the specifications of goods names in the sphere of interacting with the nomination types. Perfume and cosmetic names are created involving primary and secondary types of nomination and simultaneously describing corresponding features, qualities and individual characteristics of these goods. In the case of a primary nomination, a motivation feature is designated with a word that has the basic meaning containing the indication of the motivation feature. Name meaning correlates with the reality which is denotated and causes the direct reflection of object features. In the case of a secondary nomination, the indication of the distinguished feature is realized through comparison or confrontation with another object having the same features. Perfume and cosmetic naming is realised within the frame of the naming complex. This complex contains two naming components: the individual name and the goods name. Functioning within one common naming complex, these two names influence each other. Perfume goods creating aromatic, fragrant effect have olfactory feature as their basic characteristics. It means that combinations of smell, scent, aroma, fragrance concentrated in aromatic solutions of different substances correspond to the essential requirements to aromatic liquid goods. The goods in the branch of make-up creating visual effect have colour and colouring as their basic characteristics. The process of secondary naming, when perfume and make-up goods obtain individual names, consists of four basic stages: (1) archseme fading; (2) seme displacement; (3) potential seme actualisation; (4) occasional seme formation. At the very end of these transformations, the individual name is turned into a semantic derivative, the product of a secondary nomination. The most frequent semantic derivation for creating perfume and make-up names is metaphorical transferring that is based on the feature resemblance of two objects which are not connected with reality. The semantic structure of individual names of naming frames is the reflection of the relation existing between objects of extralinguistic reality. It also reflects the results of the cognitive activity of a nominator. The process of the name functional adaptation takes place when the individual names create passing from the primary to the secondary nomination.
Generalized tetanus in an 11-year-old boy: A case report
Authors: Kozlov Artem A. , Shevchuk Irina V. , Zavialov Aleksei E. , Emelyanov Anatoly N.
Published: May 2021

The study presents a case report of a generalized form of severe tetanus in an unvaccinated 11-year-old child. Pain and convulsive syndromes, respiratory failure, and damage to the gastrointestinal tract prevailed in the acute period. Antibiotic therapy, anti-tetanus serum, adequate pain relief, and anticonvulsant therapy were the leading treatments of the child. Moreover, the paper discusses literature data on the options for the clinical course and choice of treatment strategies. The lack of planned vaccination in children is unsafe.
It remains only to remember
Authors: Geldt Vadim G.
Published: May 2021

This paper details memories about Igor N. Grigovich, a pediatric surgeon.
Two distinct case reports with foamy cell and differential diagnosis: Xanthomatous meningioma and review of literature
Authors: SAYGIN İsmail , ÇAKIR Emel , EYÜPOĞLU İlker
Published: May 2021

Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumor thought to derived from arachnoidal cap cells in the meningeal coverings of the spinal cord and brain. The current WHO classification, published in 2016, includes nine different subtypes of grade 1 meningiomas, three different subtypes of grade 2 meningiomas, and three different subtypes of grade 3 meningiomas. Metaplastic meningioma is a rare variant which shows focal or diffuse mesenchymal tissue component. Xanthomatous meningioma which has foamy cell changes is a quite rare variant of metaplastic meningioma. Two patients, 54 and 59 years old, who applied to our clinic with similar symptoms, were operated for meningioma. Histopathological examination of their biopsy showed that neoplastic cells had oval-round nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm. In xanthomatous meningioma, some neoplastic cells had clear vacuolated cytoplasm (foamy cells). In microscopic examination of resection material in one of these patients, cells in some areas of the tumor had clear vacuolated cytoplasm (foamy cells). These neoplastic cells were scattered among other meningothelial cells and they were positive for EMA. To the best of our knowledge, until today there have been only 14 reported xanthomatous meningioma cases in English literature. Here, we aimed to discuss the pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of xanthomatous meningioma in two different cases
Relationship between metabolic syndrome and vitamin D level in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: AKALTUN Mazlum Serdar , ALTINDAĞ Özlem , TURAN Neytullah , AYDENİZ Ali , GÜRSOY Savaş , GÜR Ali
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between the level of Vitamin D and the development of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS).

Materials and Methods: 67 AS patients were included in this cross-sectional descriptive study. Socio-demographic data, waist circumference and systolic blood pressure were evaluated. Fasting blood glucose, HDL cholesterol, Triglyceride and Vitamin D values were recorded. Diagnosis of MetS was made according to National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP/ATP III). Disease activity and quality of life were assessed.

Results: In the present study, a significantly negative correlation was detected between Vitamin D levels and MetS in AS patients. HDL levels and Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients with MetS. Multiregression analysis showed that MetS was positively associated with BMI, Triglyceride level, fasting glucose and negatively associated with HDL cholesterol and Vitamin D.

Conclusion: This study shows that vitamin D may have a role in the development of MetS in patients with AS. However, more studies are needed to explain the relationship between vitamin D and metabolic syndrome in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
The effect of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty on lower extremity axis, tibiofemoral subluxation, and lateral knee joint distance
Authors: ASLAN Hakan , DUMAN Evrim , ATLI Osman Yağız , ÇEVİK Hüseyin Bilgehan
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the corrective effect of Oxford phase 3 medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) on the lower extremity axis, tibiofemoral subluxation and lateral joint distance.

Materials and Methods: The study included 105 knees that had undergone UKA. The Oxford Knee Score, EQ-5D-3LD and visual analog scale, and The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score were evaluated. Radiological evaluation was made of the lower extremity axis, tibiofemoral subluxation, and lateral knee joint distance.

Results: The postoperative mean improvement in the mechanical axis was 1.4° and in the tibiofemoral subluxation distance, 1.59 mm compared to preoperative values. The difference between the preoperative and postoperative lateral joint distance values was on average 0.25 mm lateral inner joint distance, 0.08 mm in the lateral middle joint distance and 0.34 mm in the outer joint distance. There was no significant difference in clinical results between the groups.

Conclusion: There were significant improvements in the postoperative period after cemented, cementless, and hybrid medial UKA in the measurements of lower extremity mechanical axis, tibiofemoral subluxation distance and lateral joint distances compared to the preoperative period.