bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fab-Nanolipoprotein Conjugate Causes Vitreous Opacity and Cataracts Following a Single Intravitreal Administration in New Zealand White Rabbits
Authors: Tassew Nardos G. , Laing Steven T. , Shatz Whitney , Crowell Susan R. , Loyet Kelly M. , Schuetz Chris , Blanchette Craig
Published: December 2020

One strategy employed to prolong the ocular half-life of large molecule therapeutics is via covalent attachment to a carrier, resulting in an increase in size thereby slowing their clearance from the eye. Rabbit antigen-binding fragment conjugated to nanolipoprotein (RabFab-NLP) is a novel conjugate intended to prolong ocular half-life through an increase in hydrodynamic radius compared to Fab alone (∼12 vs ∼3 nm). Nanolipoproteins are mimetics of endogenous high-density lipoproteins and consist of lipids and apolipoproteins (ApoE422k), both biologically derived materials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ocular toxicity and toxicokinetics of RabFab-NLP after a single intravitreal administration in New Zealand White rabbits. Serum toxicokinetic data suggested a significant increase in ocular residence time of RabFab-NLP compared to RabFab alone. Ophthalmic examinations showed that RabFab-NLP caused vitreous and lens opacities as early as day 3 and day 8 postdose, respectively, which persisted for the entire study duration to day 30. The RabFab-NLP-related microscopic findings were present in the lens, vitreous cavity, and/or optic nerve head. Based on the observed ocular toxicity, a single intravitreal dose of 1.3 mg/eye RabFab-NLP was not tolerated and caused vitreous opacity and cataracts in rabbit eyes.
Multi-performance blast pressure-duration curves of laminated glass panes
Authors: Eslami Mohammadreza , Mosalam Khalid M , Kodur Venkatesh , Marjanishvili Shalva , Katz Brian , Mahmoud Hussam N
Published: December 2020

The current design procedure for blast resistant glass panes is based on dynamic analysis of idealized SDOF models under simplified triangular impulse loads or code-specified pressure-duration (pressure-impulse) curves. In both cases, the main objective is to prevent failure of the pane with no explicit consideration of other limit states to reach higher performance levels. In this study, multi-performance pressure-duration curves of Laminated Glass (LG) panes are estimated by accurate pre-validated Finite Element (FE) models. Multiple performance criteria including initial cracking, PVB-50% (maximum polyvinyl butyral, i.e. PVB, interlayer strain of 50%), PVB-100% (maximum PVB interlayer strain of 100%), and ultimate failure of the pane are considered and pressure-duration curves are estimated for each of these performance levels. Ultimate failure of the pane can be either due to rupture of the PVB interlayer or pull-out of the pane from its frame. Multi-performance pressure-duration curves are obtained for 18 different LG panes with three different layups, two widths, and three aspect ratios. According to the obtained results, the thickness of the glass layers has more pronounced contribution to the blast resistance of the panes in all limit states compared with the PVB thickness. Moreover, the ultimate failure mode of the LG panes with thicker PVB interlayer is observed to be typically pull-out of the pane rather than PVB rupture. Therefore, these panes require frames with deeper bites to develop their full blast resistance. Finally, the blast performance of the LG panes are compared with that of Thermally Tempered Glass (TTG) panes to shed more light on the superior blast resistance of LG panes.
For a situational analytics: An interpretative methodology for the study of situations in computational settings
Authors: Marres Noortje
Published: December 2020

This article introduces an interpretative approach to the analysis of situations in computational settings called situational analytics. I outline the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of this approach, which is still under development, and show how it can be used to surface situations from large data sets derived from online platforms such as YouTube. Situational analytics extends to computationally-mediated settings a qualitative methodology developed by Adele Clarke, Situational Analysis (2005), which uses data mapping to detect heterogeneous entities in fieldwork data to determine ‘what makes a difference’ in a situation. Situational analytics scales up this methodology to analyse situations latent in computational data sets with semi-automated methods of textual and visual analysis. I discuss how this approach deviates from recent analyses of situations in computational social science, and argue that Clarke’s framework renders tractable a fundamental methodological problem that arises in this area of research: while social researchers turn to computational settings in order to analyse social life, the social processes unfolding in these envirnoments are fundamentally affected by the computational architectures in which they occur. Situational analytics offers a way to address this problematic by making a heterogeneously composed situation – involving social, technical and media elements – the unit of computational analysis. To conclude, I show how situational analytics can be applied in a case study of YouTube videos featuring intelligent vehicles and discuss how situational analysis itself needs to be elaborated if we are to come to terms with computational transformations of the situational fabric of social life.
Resistance to sliding of orthodontic archwires under increasing applied moments
Authors: Youssef Ahmed , Dennis Carson , Beyer John P. , Grünheid Thorsten
Published: December 2020

Background:

Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances involves sliding of brackets along archwires. These movements involve friction, which causes resistance to sliding. In addition, moments cause teeth to tip until binding occurs between the bracket and archwire. The manufacturer of a new TiMolium®Titanium archwire claims material properties superior to β-Titanium, potentially leading to reduced resistance to sliding.

Objective:

To compare TiMolium archwires with β-Titanium and stainless steel archwires as the current gold standard for sliding mechanics under application of an increasing moment.

Materials and methods:

A total of 120 stainless steel (Smartclip, 3M, Monrovia, CA) and ceramic self-ligating 0.022″-slot brackets (Clarity SL, 3M) were divided into six equal-sized groups. Resistance to sliding was tested with 0.019″ × 0.025″ TiMolium (TP Orthodontics, La Porte, IN), β-Titanium (3M), and stainless steel (3M) archwires using a custom-designed apparatus to simulate sliding mechanics and application of moments of 1000, 2000, and 3000 g-mm.

Results:

Using stainless steel brackets, the TiMolium archwires had significantly higher resistance to sliding than stainless steel archwires at all moments tested while there was no difference between TiMolium and β-Titanium. Using ceramic brackets, the resistance to sliding with TiMolium archwires was no different than with stainless steel archwires. Both TiMolium and stainless steel archwires showed significantly lower resistance to sliding than β-Titanium.

Conclusion:

TiMolium archwires have resistance to sliding intermediary to stainless steel and β-Titanium archwires when clinically relevant moments are applied. Used with the stainless steel brackets, they behave like β-Titanium, whereas used with the ceramic brackets, they behave more like stainless steel.
Copper supported on acid-activated vermiculite as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the Biginelli reaction: a green approach
Authors: Torres-Méndez C.E. , López-Mayorga B.
Published: December 2020

The synthesis of copper citrate complex supported on acid-activated vermiculite was investigated with a view to preparing an efficient, mild, robust and recyclable catalyst for the Biginelli reaction. The new catalyst was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Copper citrate supported over activated vermiculite (AAVrm-Cu2) showed good catalytic activity in the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones. The catalyst can be separated easily from the reaction mixture by filtration and retains its catalytic activity for up to five cycles of reaction with no apparent decrease in yield.
Estimating transmission dynamics and serial interval of the first wave of COVID-19 infections under different control measures: a statistical analysis in Tunisia from February 29 to May 5, 2020
Authors: Talmoudi Khouloud , Safer Mouna , Letaief Hejer , Hchaichi Aicha , Harizi Chahida , Dhaouadi Sonia , Derouiche Sondes , Bouaziz Ilhem , Gharbi Donia , Najar Nourhene , Osman Molka , Cherif Ines , Mlallekh Rym , Ben-Ayed Oumaima , Ayedi Yosr , Bouabid Leila , Bougatef Souha , Ben-Alaya Nissaf Bouafif ép , Chahed Mohamed Kouni
Published: December 2020

Background

Describing transmission dynamics of the outbreak and impact of intervention measures are critical to planning responses to future outbreaks and providing timely information to guide policy makers decision. We estimate serial interval (SI) and temporal reproduction number (Rt) of SARS-CoV-2 in Tunisia.

Methods

We collected data of investigations and contact tracing between March 1, 2020 and May 5, 2020 as well as illness onset data during the period February 29–May 5, 2020 from National Observatory of New and Emerging Diseases of Tunisia. Maximum likelihood (ML) approach is used to estimate dynamics of Rt.

Results

Four hundred ninety-one of infector-infectee pairs were involved, with 14.46% reported pre-symptomatic transmission. SI follows Gamma distribution with mean 5.30 days [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 4.66–5.95] and standard deviation 0.26 [95% CI 0.23–0.30]. Also, we estimated large changes in Rt in response to the combined lockdown interventions. The Rt moves from 3.18 [95% Credible Interval (CrI) 2.73–3.69] to 1.77 [95% CrI 1.49–2.08] with curfew prevention measure, and under the epidemic threshold (0.89 [95% CrI 0.84–0.94]) by national lockdown measure.

Conclusions

Overall, our findings highlight contribution of interventions to interrupt transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Tunisia.
Machine learning applied to simulations of collisions between rotating, differentiated planets
Authors: Timpe Miles L. , Han Veiga Maria , Knabenhans Mischa , Stadel Joachim , Marelli Stefano
Published: December 2020

In the late stages of terrestrial planet formation, pairwise collisions between planetary-sized bodies act as the fundamental agent of planet growth. These collisions can lead to either growth or disruption of the bodies involved and are largely responsible for shaping the final characteristics of the planets. Despite their critical role in planet formation, an accurate treatment of collisions has yet to be realized. While semi-analytic methods have been proposed, they remain limited to a narrow set of post-impact properties and have only achieved relatively low accuracies. However, the rise of machine learning and access to increased computing power have enabled novel data-driven approaches. In this work, we show that data-driven emulation techniques are capable of classifying and predicting the outcome of collisions with high accuracy and are generalizable to any quantifiable post-impact quantity. In particular, we focus on the dataset requirements, training pipeline, and classification and regression performance for four distinct data-driven techniques from machine learning (ensemble methods and neural networks) and uncertainty quantification (Gaussian processes and polynomial chaos expansion). We compare these methods to existing analytic and semi-analytic methods. Such data-driven emulators are poised to replace the methods currently used in N-body simulations, while avoiding the cost of direct simulation. This work is based on a new set of 14,856 SPH simulations of pairwise collisions between rotating, differentiated bodies at all possible mutual orientations.
Female filicide perpetrators: challenges facing clinicians and secure services
Authors: Murphy Paula , Lee James , Bisht Vivek , Dodge Liam
Published: December 2020

Much exists in the literature on filicide and the characteristics of perpetrators and their victims but there is little in the way of practical advice on how to manage perpetrators of filicide in secure psychiatric wards. Clinically, these patients can rapidly respond to medical treatment, only to be faced with the reality of what they have done. In the authors' experiences, certain aspects of their management are particularly challenging due to the emotive nature of their offence. These include managing the interpersonal dynamics on a ward, the media interest that surrounds the case and rehabilitation back into the community. In this article we outline a brief background to filicide in the context of mental illness and describe our experiences of managing the practical difficulties outlined above. The approaches used, outcomes and the supporting evidence base are discussed and illustrated through examples.
Βιβλιοπαρουσίαση "Εκπαίδευση για το Περιβάλλον και την Αειφορία"
Authors: Περιβαλλοντική Εκπαίδευση για την Αειφορία ΕΛ.Ε.ΕΤ.Π.Ε.Α.
Published: December 2020

Βιβλιοπαρουσίαση
Know the score: management of patients with a new diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Koomson D'Marieanne , Smith Neil , McPherson Simon , Srivastava Vivek
Published: December 2020

The National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death review into the quality of care provided to UK patients with a new diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism highlights both clinical and organisational changes that should be made to improve patient care and outcomes.
RESEARCH ROUNDUP
Authors: Winter George
Published: December 2020

George Winter provides an overview of recently published articles that are of interest to practice nurses. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
Spectra of products of digraphs
Authors: Catral Minerva , Ciardo Lorenzo , Hogben Leslie , Reinhart Carolyn
Published: December 2020

A unified approach to the determination of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of specific matrices associated with directed graphs is presented. Matrices studied include the new distance matrix, with natural extensions to the distance Laplacian and distance signless Laplacian, in addition to the new adjacency matrix, with natural extensions to the Laplacian and signless Laplacian. Various sums of Kronecker products of nonnegative matrices are introduced to model the Cartesian and lexicographic products of digraphs. The Jordan canonical form is applied extensively to the analysis of spectra and eigenvectors. The analysis shows that Cartesian products provide a method for building infinite families of transmission regular digraphs with few distinct distance eigenvalues.
Language in Action: The Artistry of Process Drama in Second Language Education by Erika Piazzoli (2018)
Authors: Göksel Eva
Published: December 2020

Review of: Language in Action: The Artistry of Process Drama in Second Language Education by Erika Piazzoli (2018)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan/Springer International, 367 pp., €93.59 (Pbk),

ISBN 9 7833 1977 9614, ISBN e-book: 9 7833 1977 9621
Diglossic youth identity: The semiotic negotiations of fandom in North India
Authors: Misra Abir
Published: December 2020

This article looks at the activities of a fan club dedicated to Shah Rukh Khan for the purpose of discerning how young men and women negotiate their identities vis-à-vis a mainstream culture that perpetuates negative stereotypes about fans. The members of the club are upper middle class from New Delhi. The study of fan culture in India is primarily organized around the assumptions that its membership comes from the urban poor youth (men) and that it is a phenomenon restricted to South India. In other words, there is a sense that fan cultures like youth subcultures develop in direct opposition to the mainstream. My contention is that youth culture in neoliberal India exhibits a more complex form of negotiation with the mainstream marked by notions of ‘timepass’ (leisure time as ‘wasteful’), compromise and ‘diglossia’ (language meant to negotiate opposed cultural perceptions and expectations to gain an entry into symbolic capital). This becomes necessary because mainstream culture maintains a consistent approach of being opposed to fan culture.
Individual decision-making by top executives as a valuable resource for strategic management – A resource-based view and dynamic capability approach
Authors: Enriquez de la O José Francisco
Published: December 2020

Strategy is highly important for organisational success and the achievement of competitive advantage. Strategy is dynamic and it depends on accurate individual decision-making from medium and high-level managers and executives. Since managers always formulate strategy, its formulation depends mostly on their assertive decisions. Making good decisions is a complex task, even more in today’s business world where a large quantity of information and a dynamic environment forces people to decide without having complete information. As Shafir, Simonson, & Tversky (1993) point out, "the making of decisions, both big and small, is often difficult because of uncertainty and conflict". In this paper the author will explain a basic theoretical framework about top manager's individual decision-making, showing how complex the process of making high-impact decisions is; then, he will compare this theory with one of the most important streams in strategic management, the Resource-Based View (RBV) of the firm. Finally, within the context of individual decision-making and the RBV stream, the author will show how individual decision makers in top management positions constitute a valuable, rare, non-imitable and non-substitutable resource that provides sustained competitive advantage.
Importância da capacitação dos profissionais de saúde da atenção primária: a doença renal crônica em pauta
Authors: Pereira Daniele Francine , Silva Lucas Saraiva da , Lage Mário Renato Grillo , Silva Luciana Saraiva da , Cotta Rosângela Minardi Mitre
Published: December 2020

A prevalência de doença renal crônica (DRC) vem aumentando mundialmente, tendo como agravante, o fato de ser uma enfermidade desconhecida por muitos portadores. As diretrizes clínicas recomendam identificar os indivíduos de risco, como os portadores de hipertensão arterial (HA) e diabetes mellitus (DM) e avalia-los anualmente quanto à função renal. Os profissionais que atuam na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) possuem papel estratégico no diagnóstico precoce e encaminhamento dos pacientes aos especialistas. No entanto, a DRC tem sido subdiagnosticada e tratada inadequadamente, resultando em maior morbimortalidade, custos ao sistema de saúde e qualidade de vida comprometida.  O objetivo do estudo foi identificar a prevalência de DRC oculta em portadores de HAS, com ênfase no papel estratégico da APS na detecção precoce e no manejo adequado da DRC. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com os portadores de HAS acompanhados pela APS de um município do interior mineiro, em 2012 e 2013. Participaram do estudo 293 indivíduos. Realizaram-se entrevistas, avaliações bioquímica e antropométrica. Para o diagnóstico de DRC, utilizou-se a fórmula CKD-EPI, que é atualmente recomendada pelo Ministério da Saúde. A maioria dos indivíduos avaliados era do sexo feminino, idosos, com baixa renda, baixa escolaridade e excesso de peso. Encontrou-se prevalência de DRC oculta de 38,6% (IC 95%: 33,0-44,2), sendo que, aproximadamente 14% estavam em estágio avançado da doença. Tal resultado evidencia a necessidade de capacitação dos profissionais de saúde para superar a elevada prevalência de DRC e a problemática do diagnóstico precoce da doença em nível de APS. Os resultados sugerem que o atendimento da APS tem falhado, visto a elevada prevalência de DRC oculta nos portadores de HAS, que deveriam ser acompanhados rotineiramente. Enfatiza-se a necessidade de capacitação dos profissionais da APS, especialmente os médicos para solicitação dos exames, análise e prescrição de condutas terapêuticas adequadas, bem como de uma equipe multiprofissional integrada, a fim de manter uma efetiva continuidade do cuidado.
INVENTING URBANITY: URBAN MOVEMENTS IN POLAND
Authors: KUBICKI PAWEŁ
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the process of formation and transformation of urban movements in Poland. Conclusions are based on the data collected during the research project “Urban Social Movements in Poland” supported by the National Science Centre. For the requirements of the project was adopted a method of qualitative research using the techniques of in-depth narrative interviews, participant observations and secondary data analysis. The author conducted 30 in-depth interviews with leaders of urban movements from sixteen cities. The article describes the process of structuralization and the creation of the identity of the Polish urban movement and their role on the local political stage, stressing, in particular, their significant role as creators of a new discourse in Polish cities.
'MEETING OF WATERS'? THE COMPLEX LANDSCAPE OF THE POLISH RIGHT TO THE CITY ACTIVISM
Authors: PLUCIŃSKI PRZEMYSŁAW
Published: December 2020

For over a decade, the explosion of various forms of urban activism has been observed: so- called urban social movements or the right to the city (RTTC) movements actively participate in the realm of non-institutional politics. This trend has been observed both world-wide and in Europe, particularly in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Poland is also a clear example of this tendency. The paper presented aims to achieve two goals. First of all, it is based on desk research and offers a broad literature overview, indicating the main directions and results in urban activism research in Poland of the last 10 years. Recalling and discussing the broadest possible body of literature, with particular emphasis on Polish-language references, should be useful for international readers and researchers. Secondly, the paper attempts to synthesize these current research results, including the authors own research results, identifying the complexity of the field of urban activism. As a result, it points to various entities using the RTTC slogan in their social struggles, consequently identifying two main types of RTTC activism: radical and middle-class (petite bourgeoisie?) movements.
ELSEVIER’S SLAVES: THE WASHINGTON CONSENSUS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES?
Authors: KLEMENTEWICZ TADEUSZ
Published: December 2020

This paper investigates the mechanisms of subordinating the system of science and higher education to the needs of boosting capital in the conditions of a new business model characteristic of neoliberal capitalism. The author uses as a theoretical framework of critical studies of science and higher education systems developed in Poland by Krystian Szadkowski based on political economy (Simon Marginson and Gigi Roggero). The weakness of the recently implemented reform of Polish education, the essence of which is making the status of ‘scientist’ dependent on publication in high-ranking journals belonging to publishing corporations’ oligopoly, is that the natural and technical disciplines have been places on an equal evaluation footing with social sciences and humanities. This practice impoverishes the educational and critical functions of humanities, impoverishes the research questions, impoverishes the research methodology, and consequently, their cognitive values. The assessment of the quality of a social researcher’s work, to be reliable, should include several other components—the presence of an “invisible university” in international networks (e.g. measured by selected citation indicators), but also problematization and interpretative innovation, as well as an original contribution to the achievements of the discipline. Monographs mainly document this. Qualitative expert assessment is required for evaluation. Therefore, the publication of monographs in reputable Polish and foreign publishing houses should become a showcase of the Polish social researcher, rather than contributing journal papers. In the paper, the author synthesizes his various analyses of contemporary capitalism and the role that science and the research and development sector play in accumulating capital.
Asymmetric Impact of Inflation to Financial Development
Authors: Wu Jin-Shun
Published: December 2020

Because of financial frictions and asymmetric information, inflation impacts financial development uncertainly. These findings are empirically tested within a factor-augmented dynamic panel threshold regression model. This study provides a comparative study on the threshold effects of inflation on financial development between advanced countries and underdeveloped countries. The findings of the study indicate evidence of the existence of a robust threshold of inflation in both sample countries, suggesting that low inflation is development enhancing for the sample of developing countries but impedes financial development for the advanced countries to a certain degree. However, inflation above the minimum level is a hinderance to financial development for all countries considered. The study therefore argues inflation suppressing policies should be the focus in monetary policy to develop the financial sector.
Experimental Study on the Viscoelastic Flow Mixing in Microfluidics
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhang Wu , Wang Zihuang , Chen Weiqian
Published: December 2020

Background: The study of blood flow in vessels is always crucial to understand cardiovascular diseases such as arrhythmias, coronary artery disease and deep vein thrombosis. A viscoelastic fluid in a microchannel is modeled for the blood flow study.

Methods: In this paper, we modeled the blood flow through a viscoelastic fluid in a microfluidic channel. The flow properties, especially the flow pattern and transient mixing of two fluid streams in a T-shaped microchannel, are experimentally studied.

Results: It was found that the viscoelastic fluid has a transiently unstable flow pattern compared to the normal Newtonian fluid, and the mixing is also increased due to its elastic property. Similar to the pulsatile blood flow, the fluid is driven under a periodically pulsed stimulus, and the flow pattern and transient mixing are compared at different flow rates and driving period conditions.

Conclusions: The integration of microfluidic technology with the blood flow research could provide a new approach to understand the related disease mechanism, which can also be used to analyze the drug mixing and delivery in the blood flow.
Orthodontic treatment enhanced using PRP: An alternative to Orthognathic surgery?
Authors: R Foltan , J Petr , J Streblov , A Guha
Published: December 2020

Background: The aim was to use an alternative technique to orthognathic surgery with similar functional and aesthetic outcome with the added advantages of being less invasive and comfortable to a patient. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of PRP in the acceleration of Orthodontic treatment using Invisalign to correct a malocclusion of Class III with functional reverse bite in a patient who declined surgery but requested the least visible and time consuming procedure. Methods: PRP was applied three times during the course of the therapy. The orthodontic treatment lasted 10 months. The patient was further provided with restorative care. Protrusion of teeth 11, 21, and 22 by bodily movement, shaping of the upper dental arch and rectification of lower incisors were achieved with no adverse effect to the patient’s dental health. Since we assumed that the pathophysiology of the effect of PRP is the same as for corticotomy, we must assume an effect lasting only three months. The great advantage of our method is the fact that it is a minimally invasive technique and hence we could repeat the procedure thrice. Results: Three applications of PRP significantly shortened the length of orthodontic therapy from 21 months to 10 months. Conclusions: We can conclude that although the technique is perhaps a bit lengthy in terms of time taken to achieve the desired results after surgery but it provides a safe alternative approach for patients who decline surgery or instances where surgery cannot be carried out. Keywords: PRP; corticotomy; orthodontic; aligner; Invisalign;
Atmospheric vorticity sets the basin-scale circulation in Hudson Bay
Authors: Dmitrenko Igor A. , Myers Paul G. , Kirillov Sergei A. , Babb David G. , Volkov Denis L. , Lukovich Jennifer V. , Tao Ran , Ehn Jens K. , Sydor Kevin , Barber David G.
Published: December 2020

Hudson Bay of northern Canada receives upward of 700 km3 of river discharge annually. Cyclonic water circulation in Hudson Bay transports this massive volume of riverine water along the coast toward Hudson Strait and into the Labrador Sea. However, synoptic, seasonal and interannual variability of the freshwater transport in Hudson Bay remains unclear. Using yearlong observations of current velocity profiles, collected from oceanographic moorings deployed in western Hudson Bay from September 2016 to September/October 2017, we examined the role of atmospheric forcing on circulation and freshwater transport in the Bay. Our analysis reveals that the along-shore southeastward current through western Hudson Bay was amplified through the entire water column in response to winds generated by cyclones passing over Hudson Bay toward Baffin Bay and/or the Labrador Sea. An atmospheric vorticity index was used to describe the atmospheric forcing and found to correlate with sea surface height and along-shore currents. We showed that a surface Ekman on-shore transport increases sea surface heights along the coast, producing a cross-slope pressure gradient that drives an along-shore southeastward flow, in the same direction as the wind. Expanding our observations to the bay-wide scale, we confirmed this process of wind-driven water dynamics with (1) satellite altimetry measurements and (2) ocean model simulations. Ultimately, we find that cyclonic wind forcing amplifies cyclonic water circulation in Hudson Bay facilitating the along-shore freshwater transport to Hudson Strait. During periods of positive atmospheric vorticity, this forcing can reduce the residence time of riverine water in Hudson Bay.
Overexpression of the Lias gene attenuates hepatic steatosis in Leprdb/db mice
Authors: Xu Guangcui , Yan Tingting , Peng Qiang , Li Haibin , Wu Weidong , Yi Xianwen , Zhao Yingzheng
Published: December 2020

Oxidative stress is proposed to be involved in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, antioxidant therapy results in controversial outcomes. Therefore, we generated a new antioxidant/NAFLD mouse model, LiasHigh/HighLeprdb/db mice, by crossbreeding Leprdb/db mice, an obesity mouse model, with LiasHigh/High mice, generated by overexpression of lipoic acid synthase gene (Lias) and having increased endogenous antioxidant capacity, to investigate whether the new model could block the development of NAFLD. We have systemically characterized the novel model based on the main features of human NAFLD, determined the impact of enhanced endogenous antioxidant capacity on the retardation of NAFLD and elucidated the underlying mechanisms using various biological and pathological methods. We found that LiasHigh/HighLeprdb/db mice ameliorated many pathological changes of NAFLD compared with the control. In particular, LiasHigh/HighLeprdb/db mice displayed the improved liver mitochondrial function, reflecting the decline of mitochondrial microvesicular steatosis, and reduced oxidative stress, which mainly contributes to the alleviation of pathologic alterations of the NAFLD progression. Our new model shows that mitochondrial dysfunction is a major pathogenesis for liver steatosis. Overexpression of Lias gene effectively reduces oxidative stress and protects mitochondria, and consequently attenuates NAFLD/NASH.
Estado del arte – Scopus Finanzas
Authors: Camilo Alejandro Corchuelo Rodriguez , Cristian Alexander Vega Mosquera , Luz Marina Paez
Published: December 2020

Este informe muestra el estado actual y las tendencias de las publicaciones Scopus relacionadas con el tema “Finanzas”. Se presenta las cifras de las publicaciones, citas, colaboraciones y tendencias entre otros. Este es un insumo para la comunidad académica USTA cuyo objetivo es identificar tendencias mundiales en las publicaciones para articular líneas y grupos de investigación
Estructuras organizacionales de gobiernos universitarios y su máxima autoridad. Estudio comparado Universidad de Guayaquil-Ecuador y Universidad de Concepción-Chile
Authors: Mariol Virgili Lillo , Stefanía Johanna Cedeño Tapia
Published: December 2020

Este estudio pretende realizar una comparación de gobiernos universitarios de dos universidades latinoamericanas, la Universidad de Guayaquil (Universidad Pública del Ecuador) y la Universidad de Concepción (Universidad privada de Chile), poniendo especial énfasis en los aspectos específicos de la figura de la autoridad máxima universitaria (Rector) y la estructura organizacional funcional en el contexto de la conformación del Gobierno de sus Instituciones. La temática abordada no sólo es importante por el incipiente interés que ha despertado en el campo investigativo, sino que además, por ser un tema escasamente investigado en América Latina, ya que sólo países como México, Argentina y Chile, han desarrollado investigaciones orientadas a la autoridad máxima universitaria, pero escasamente relacionados con el tema de las estructuras organizacionales de sus gobiernos corporativos, ya que la mayoría de los estudios existentes se relacionan con el gobierno universitario desde una perspectiva teórica y la reflexión en torno a éste, de elementos como el poder y la legitimidad, entre otros, por lo que los resultados de esta investigación entregarán nuevos conocimientos sobre la materia. Los resultados del Estudio muestran las principales diferencias y similitudes del objeto de estudio de estas dos instituciones.
La ciudad de Istvrgi (Los Villares de Andújar, Jaén) entre oppidum y municipium. Notas y evidencias acerca de un posible encintado poliorcético iberorromano
Authors: Fernández-García Mª Isabel , Peinado Espinosa Mª Victoria , Ruiz Montes Pablo , Moreno Alcaide Manuel
Published: December 2020

La ciudad romana de Isturgi (Los Villares de Andújar) es conocida, fundamentalmente, porque acogió un importante complejo alfarero del que conocemos parte de sus estructuras de producción y comercialización. En los últimos años hemos podido excavar en la propia ciudad proporcionándonos datos muy interesantes sobre su evolución. En la presente aportación incidimos en este aspecto a la par que presentamos una estructura que podría corresponderse con el encintado murario de la ciudad.
La elaboración de aceite de oliva en la Bética romana. Técnicas y procesos
Authors: Peña Cervantes Yolanda
Published: December 2020

Analizamos en el presente trabajo las líneas maestras de la importante producción de aceite de oliva de la Provincia Baetica, destinado mayoritariamente al comercio interprovincial, prestando especial atención a las distintas regiones oleícolas que constatamos en la actualidad. De igual modo, analizamos el proceso de elaboración de este producto, en el que se emplean técnicas específicas de esta región con un alto grado de complejidad tecnológica. Desde el punto de vista técnico las almazaras béticas muestran una gran inversión constructiva, con una intensa mecanización y el uso de originales y complejos sistemas de elaboración. Esta novedosa tecnología oleícola será, posteriormente y en algunos casos, irradiada a otras provincias del Imperio.
Fíbulas de hierro romanas y militares en el centro-norte de Hispania en los inicios del Imperio
Authors: Fernández Ibáñez Carmelo
Published: December 2020

Se lleva a cabo un estudio sobre un pequeño conjunto de dos tipos de fíbulas romanas (Nauheim y Alésia) fabricadas en un metal tan inusual para estos objetos como es el hierro, provenientes de contextos militares del norte de la Península Ibérica, y relacionados la mayoría con la intervención militar que el emperador Augusto emprendió al inicio de su gobierno.
XPS studies of the surface of TiO2:Ag nanopowders
Authors:   Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Korduban O. M. , Kryshchuk T. V. ,   Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kandyba V. O. ,   Elettra – Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA Italy, Trachevskii V. V. ,   Technical Center of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

n-TiO2 and n-TiO2:Ag nanopowders were synthesized by the method of electric explosion of wires (EEW). The doping of nanopowders took place during the explosion of titanium wire, on the surface of which an Ag2O layer of the appropriate mass was applied. The energy of the explosion was equal to Е = 3.1·Еs, where Es is the energy of sublimation of the metal. Based on the synthesized nanopowders, mesoporous n-TiO2 and n-TiO2:Ag films were formed. The phase composition of the surface of several series of n-TiO2 and n-TiO2:Ag samples under different annealing conditions was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The XPS spectra of the Ti2p- and Ag3d- levels were decomposed by the Gauss-Newton method into interconnected components 2p3/2/2p1/2 and 3d5/2/3d3/2 with parameters DЕ = 5.76 eV; I1/I2 = 0.5 and DЕ = 6.0 eV; I1/I2 = 0.66 to take into account the spin-orbit splitting of the pair respectively. The paper presents histograms of the contributions of the components to the Ti2p- and Ag3d- spectra, which vary depending on the degree of doping and annealing conditions for 4 series of samples. According to XPS data, on the surface of EEW nanopowders TiO2 and TiO2:Ag titanium is represented by Ti3+- and Ti4+- states, silver by Ag0-, Ag1+- and Ag2+- states. In all series of samples, the contribution of the Ti3+- state simultaneously increases with an increase in the absolute Ag content, which is a consequence of the lattice distortion through the formation of a surface phase with Ti–O–Ag bonds. Annealing at 300 °C in air leads to an increase in the contribution to the spectra of Ti4+- states of ЕbTi2p3/2 = 458.3 eV and Ag1+ - states. Pretreatment of the samples with hydrogen peroxide before annealing leads to an increase in the contribution of oxide-hydroxide phases of titanium and Ag0- states. Annealing of the samples at 300 °С in argon with pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide leads to an increase in the contribution to the spectra of Ti4+- states with ЕbTi2p3/2 = 458.8 eV, oxide-hydroxide phases of titanium and Ag0. It has been found that the direction of redox processes on the surface of n-TiO2 after the action of H2O2 and subsequent annealing in air depends on the state of hydration of the original nanopowders.
O desafio da educação como conversação no tempo do esquecimento da verdade
Authors: Favero Altair Alberto , Bombassaro Luiz Carlos
Published: December 2020

O presente ensaio tem como tema o desafio da educação como conversação no tempo do esquecimento da verdade. Dentre as questões filosóficas com forte presença na educação, a que trata da verdade talvez seja a mais instigante e desafiadora. Especialmente hoje, quando se propala a entrada na era da pós-verdade e do pós-fático, essa questão revela-se imprescindível para a compreensão e para a realização dos processos formativos. O ensaio está organizado em três momentos: inicialmente, teceremos algumas considerações sobre o problema da educação na era da pós-verdade e do pós-fático; depois, trataremos da conversação na perspectiva filosófica rortiana; por fim, abordaremos a possível relação entre educação e conversação como forma de enfrentar o problema da verdade e a noção de “redescrição” como uma forma alargada de compreender a verdade.
Stability Analysis of Swarm Heterogeneous Robots with Limited Field of View
Authors: Endo Takahiro , Maeda Ryuma , Matsuno Fumitoshi
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a stability analysis of swarm robots, a group of multiple robots. In particular, we focus on robot swarms with heterogeneous abilities, in which each robot has a different sensing range and physical limitations, including maximum velocity and acceleration. In addition, each robot has a unique sensing region with a limited angle field of view. We previously proposed a decentralized navigation method for such heterogeneous swarm robots consisting of one leader and multiple followers. With the decentralized navigation method, a single leader can navigate for followers while maintaining connectivity and satisfying the physical limitations unique to each robot; i.e., each follower has a target robot and follows it without violating its physical limitations. In this paper, we focus on a stability analysis of such swarm robots. When the leader moves at a constant velocity, we mathematically prove that the shape and orientations of all robots eventually converge to the equilibrium state. For this, we must first prove that the equilibrium state exists. Then, we show the convergence of the state to its equilibrium. Finally, we carry out experiments and numerical simulations to confirm the stability analysis, i.e., the convergence of the swarm robots to the equilibrium states.
O Retrato da Exclusão nas Universidades Brasileiras: os limites da inclusão
Authors: Cabral Vinícius Neves de , Orlando Rosimeire Maria , Meletti Silvia Márcia Ferreira
Published: December 2020

Resumo: O artigo objetiva apresentar um panorama do acesso de pessoas com deficiência ao ensino superior no Brasil. Durante décadas, as políticas públicas têm promovido e defendido práticas educacionais inclusivas, mas, apesar de algumas melhorias, o sistema educacional ainda parece ter dificuldades para acomodar alunos com deficiência. Os dados foram extraídos das bases de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP). Os resultados apontam que as medidas governamentais priorizaram a expansão de instituições privadas, enquanto a representação de estudantes com deficiência nas universidades brasileiras continua sendo um cenário de exclusão.
Estratégias Exitosas de Alunos dos Anos Iniciais em Situações de Proporção
Authors: Magina Sandra Maria Pinto , Lautert Sintria Labres , Santos Ernani Martins dos
Published: December 2020

Resumo: O artigo investiga as estratégias bem-sucedidas, mobilizadas pelos alunos do ciclo de alfabetização ao resolverem problemas de proporção simples. Solicitou-se a 483 alunos do 1º ao 3º ano que resolvessem seis problemas de proporção, sendo analisadas as respostas de 182 alunos que tiveram estratégias bem-sucedidas. Quando comparados os anos escolares, há aumento nos acertos de ano para ano, na classe de situações um para muitos, o que não se pode afirmar sobre a classe muito para muitos, que permaneceu estagnada. Pelos resultados obtidos, é possível que a estrutura multiplicativa esteja sendo pouco discutida, nos três primeiros anos do Ensino Fundamental.
Contra Hegemonia e Pluralidade de Saberes na Educação à Luz da Sociopoética
Authors: Santos Monaliza Holanda dos , Cordeiro Eugênia de Paula Benício
Published: December 2020

Resumo: O presente artigo se propõe a apresentar fundamentos metodológicos da pesquisa Sociopoética com interfaces na educação; e mais especificamente, refletir sobre a inter e a transculturalidade em prol da descolonização dos saberes na educação, como também, descrever as cinco orientações básicas da Sociopoética. Nossos estudos apontam que a Sociopoética, ao reconhecer a pluralidade e heterogeneidade de saberes, pode contribuir para que os espaços educativos contemporâneos caracterizados pela diversidade e por indivíduos singulares, ampliem seus horizontes no sentido da transculturalidade, na medida em que acolhe perspectivas e concepções contra hegemônicas na construção do conhecimento.
Inclusión Educativa: aproximación biopolítica en clave de bicentenario
Authors: Echeverri-Alvarez Juan Carlos
Published: December 2020

Resumen: Se pregunta por las relaciones históricas entre educación y sociedad con base en un elemento problemático: la inclusión. Se asume la conmemoración de las independencias americanas para mostrar que las diferentes formas de inclusión educativa del presente deben ser analizadas desde la perspectiva de la forma del poder que las hace posibles y necesarias desde hace ya doscientos años, a saber, el poder liberal. Se recurre teórica y metodológicamente a las nociones de biopolítica y de gubernamentalidad. Se demuestra que la inclusión educativa no es una contingencia altruista del poder sino una condición de posibilidad de su vigencia constante; además, que su inherente obligación de imponer exclusiones y de fomentar inclusiones hace parte de la lógica actual según la cual gobernar también es permitir vivir y facilitar morir.
Evaluation of Residual Al3+ and Fe3+ Concentration in Blended Alum-Ferric Chloride Coagulant Use
Authors: B Gobena , Y Adela , GG Serbessa , E Alemayehu
Published: December 2020

The use of aluminum and iron salts as coagulants in water treatment may cause the rise of aluminum and iron ions concentrations in finished water. Approximately drinking water is responsible for nearly five percent of the aluminum ingested by humans although aluminum accumulation in the brain is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to evaluate the residual concentration of Al3+ and Fe3+ upon the use of blended alum-ferric chloride coagulant in clarifier effluent. An experimental study of Jar tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of blended alum-ferric chloride coagulant use on the finished water residual aluminum and ferric ion concentration. All parameters were determined according to APHA standard methods for water and wastewater examination. Data were compiled and analyzed using Microsoft excels 10 and Minitab 16 and presented using tables and graphs. As compared to single coagulant use, 1:1 A-FC (Alum-Ferric chloride) mix-use resulted in an average of 40% aluminum ion concentration and 20% residual ferric ion concentration reduction. At optimal pH and dose, the residual aluminum ion concentration were 0.1 mg/L, 0.06 mg/L and 0.09 mg/L for alum, 1:1 and 3:1 A-FC coagulants, respectively. While, the ferric ion concentration were 0.4 mg/L, 0.32 mg/L and 0.11 mg/L for ferric chloride, 1:1 and 3:1 alum-ferric chloride coagulants, respectively. The study demonstrated a strong correlation (r=0.93) between coagulant dose and residual aluminum ion concentration which was statistically significant (P<0.05). Also, a strong correlation (r=-0.97) was observed between the water pH and residual aluminum ion concentration which was similarly statistically significant (P<0.05). The residual aluminum and ferric ion concentrations were greatly reduced when alum and ferric chloride coagulants were used in combinations than used separately. The regular monitoring of chemical residuals in drinking water and control of coagulant conditions should be considered in the water treatment process.
Credit Risk Rating at Large U.S. Banks
Authors: Treacy William F. , Carey Mark S.
Published: December 2020

Large banks use internally developed credit rating systems to differentiate the riskiness of their commercial loans. Internal ratings are an essential ingredient of effective credit risk management for such banks, whose commercial borrowers may number in the tens of thousands. This article describes these rating systems, how their design varies across institutions, and how they are used in risk management. The article also outlines conceptual and practical difficulties currently faced by banks in achieving accurate and consistent ratings and describes ways in which some institutions have attempted to deal with these difficulties. This article is based on a detailed review of policy documents and internal management reports from the fifty largest U.S. bank holding companies and interviews by the authors at a selection of these institutions.