bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Electricity Consumption Patterns in the Water and Wastewater Sectors in South East England, UK
Authors: Majid Aman , Cardenes Iliana , Zorn Conrad , Russell Tom , Colquhoun Keith , Bañares-Alcantara René , Hall Jim W.
Published: January 2020

The water and wastewater sectors of England and Wales (E&W) are energy-intensive. Although E&W’s water sector is of international interest, in particular due to the early experience with privatisation, for the time being, few published data on energy usage exist. We analysed telemetry energy-use data from Thames Water Utilities Ltd. (TWUL), the largest water and wastewater company in the UK, which serves one of the largest mega-cities in the world, London. In our analysis, we: (1) break down energy use into their components; (2) present a statistical approach to handling seasonal and random cycles in data; and (3) derive energy-intensity (kWh m−3) metrics and compare them with other regions in the world. We show that electricity use in the sector grew by around 10.8 ± 0.4% year−1 as the utility coped with growing demands and stormwater flooding. The energy-intensity of water services in each of the utility’s service zone was measured in the range 0.46–0.92 kWh m−3. Plans to improve the efficiency of the system could yield benefits in lower energy-intensity, but the overall energy saving would be temporary as external pressures from population and climate change are driving up water and energy use.
Uncertainty Analysis of Spatiotemporal Models with Point Estimate Methods (PEMs)—The Case of the ANUGA Hydrodynamic Model
Authors: Issermann Maikel , Chang Fi-John
Published: January 2020

Practitioners often neglect the uncertainty inherent to models and their inputs. Point Estimate Methods (PEMs) offer an alternative to the common, but computationally demanding, method for assessing model uncertainty, Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. PEMs rerun the model with representative values of the probability distribution of the uncertain variable. The results can estimate the statistical moments of the output distribution. Hong’s method is the specific PEM implemented here for a case study that simulates water runoff using the ANUGA model for an area in Glasgow, UK. Elevation is the source of uncertainty. Three realizations of the Sequential Gaussian Simulation, which produces the random error fields that can be used as inputs for any spatial model, are scaled according to representative values of the distribution and their weights. The output from a MC simulation is used for validation. A comparison of the first two statistical moments indicates that Hong’s method tends to underestimate the first moment and overestimate the second moment. Model efficiency performance measures validate the usefulness of Hong’s method for the approximation of the first two moments, despite the method suffering from outliers. Estimation was less accurate for higher moments but the moment estimates were sufficient to use the Grams-Charlier Expansion to fit a distribution to them. Regarding probabilistic flood-inundation maps, Hong’s method shows very similar probabilities in the same areas as the MC simulation. However, the former requires just three 11-minute simulation runs, rather than the 500 required for the MC simulation. Hong’s method therefore appears attractive for approximating the uncertainty of spatiotemporal models.
Spatial and Temporal Characterization of Drought Events in China Using the Severity-Area-Duration Method
Authors: Yang Xiaoli , Zhang Linyan , Wang Yuqian , P. Singh Vijay , Xu Chong-Yu , Ren Liliang , Zhang Mengru , Liu Yi , Jiang Shanhu , Yuan Fei
Published: January 2020

Global climate change not only affects the processes within the water cycle but also leads to the frequent occurrences of local and regional extreme drought events. In China, spatial and temporal characterizations of drought events and their future changing trends are of great importance in water resources planning and management. In this study, we employed self-calibrating Palmer drought severity index (SC-PDSI), cluster algorithm, and severity-area-duration (SAD) methods to identify drought events and analyze the spatial and temporal distributions of various drought characteristics in China using observed data and CMIP5 model outputs. Results showed that during the historical period (1961–2000), the drought event of September 1965 was the most severe, affecting 47.07% of the entire land area of China, and shorter duration drought centers (lasting less than 6 months) were distributed all over the country. In the future (2021–2060), under both representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, drought is projected to occur less frequently, but the duration of the most severe drought event is expected to be longer than that in the historical period. Furthermore, drought centers with shorter duration are expected to occur throughout China, but the long-duration drought centers (lasting more than 24 months) are expected to mostly occur in the west of the arid region and in the northeast of the semi-arid region.
A Fast Calculation Model for Local Head Loss of Non-Darcian Flow in Flexural Crack
Authors: Liu Jian , Mou Chenya , Song Kai , Luo Peng , He Liang , Bai Xue
Published: January 2020

Local head loss caused by fracture intersection is often ignored because there has not been a simple method to calculate it until now. Relevant research shows that neglecting the local flow resistance leads to inaccurate results, especially when the velocity and cross angle are large. Therefore, it is necessary to find a portable method for calculation. Physical experiments of single fracture with different apertures (e = 0.77, 1.18, 1.97, 2.73 mm) were set up first to study the flow characteristics, showing obvious non-Darcian flow, which can be depicted by the Forchheimer equation when the flow velocity is sufficiently large. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS FLUENT was used to build numeric simulation models. A good correlation between CFD simulation results and physical experiment results was found (Pearson’s correlation coefficient > 0.99). Then, the CFD models of flexural crack with different angles from 30° to 150° were established to compute the pressure drop of flexural crack at different velocity. It was found that the local head loss of the flexural crack varied with the bending angle, and its coefficient was expressed by the deformation of the logistic equation. By using this model, as well as a frictional head loss equation fitted by Forchheimer equation, the head loss of crossed fissures with fixed fracture aperture could be easily calculated.
Multi-Objective Optimization for Selecting and Siting the Cost-Effective BMPs by Coupling Revised GWLF Model and NSGAII Algorithm
Authors: Qi Zuoda , Kang Gelin , Wu Xiaojin , Sun Yuting , Wang Yuqiu
Published: January 2020

Best management practices (BMPs) are an effective way to control water pollution. However, identification of the optimal distribution and cost-effect of BMPs provides a great challenge for watershed policy makers. In this paper, a semi-distributed, low-data, and robust watershed model, the Revised Generalized Watershed Loading Function (RGWLF), is improved by adding the pollutant attenuation process in the river channel and a bank filter strips reduction function. Three types of pollution control measures—point source wastewater treatment, bank filter strips, and converting farmland to forest—are considered, and the cost of each measure is determined. Furthermore, the RGWLF watershed model is coupled with a widely recognized multi-objective optimization algorithm, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGAII), the combination of which is applied in the Luanhe watershed to search for spatial BMPs for dissolved nitrogen (DisN). Fifty scenarios were finally selected from numerous possibilities and the results indicate that, at a minimum cost of 9.09 × 107 yuan, the DisN load is 3.1 × 107 kg and, at a maximum cost of 1.77 × 108 yuan, the total dissolved nitrogen load is 1.31 × 107 kg; with the no-measures scenario, the DisN load is 4.05 × 107 kg. This BMP optimization model system could assist decision-makers in determining a scientifically comprehensive plan to realize cost-effective goals for the watershed.
Magnetophoretic Harvesting of Nannochloropsis oculata Using Iron Oxide Immobilized Beads
Authors: Chu Feng-Jen , Wan Terng-Jou , Chen His , Wu Chih-Hung , Kao Po-Min
Published: January 2020

In this work, the harvesting of Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae through the use of nanosized Fe3O4 immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/sodium alginate (SA) as a flocculant (Fe3O4/PS) is investigated. Using the Fe3O4/PS immobilized beads could reduce the amount of soluble ferrous ions (Fe2+) released from naked Fe3O4 in acid treatment, leading to easy recovery. The characterization was performed under different dosages and pH values of Fe3O4/PS. The results show that the Fe3O4/PS, when applied to the algae culture (500 mg dry cell weight/L), achieves a 96% harvesting efficiency under conditions of a pH of 4 with 200 mT magnetic field intensity. Fe3O4/PS can be directly reused without adjusting the pH value. The recycled Fe3O4/PS shows stability in terms of its surface properties, maintaining more than 80% harvesting efficiency after five recycles. Magnetophoretic harvesting, using immobilized magnetic iron oxide as a particle-based flocculant, is a potential method to reduce challenges related to the cost-effective microalgae-harvesting method.
Justiça restaurativa e sociedade moderna: reflexões a partir da construção de um novo paradigma na administração dos conflitos
Authors: Neri Bianca Garcia
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo parte de considerações preliminares acerca do sistema de justiça criminal, pautado no paradigma punitivo, que configura um modelo de preponderância do monopólio estatal na solução dos conflitos, atualmente em crise diante da ineficácia no controle da violência. Em contrapartida, busca-se analisar os fundamentos da justiça restaurativa, apresentando-se como uma proposta baseada na participação social, proporcionando maior autonomia e empoderamento dos envolvidos, com o objetivo de restabelecer a relação abalada por meio da responsabilização e do atendimento das necessidades identificadas. Para melhor compreender essa perspectiva, considerada como importante instrumento para a construção de um espaço público democrático e para a redução da hegemonia estatal, tomam-se por base as lições de Boaventura de Sousa Santos e Luis Alberto Warat.
METHOD SUGGESTING CITY WALKING ROUTES FOR PEDESTRIANS USING AN EXAMPLE OF SAINT-PETERSBURG
Authors: Semenov A.E.
Published: January 2020

The method of pedestrian navigation in the cities illustrated by the example of Saint-Petersburg was investigated. The factors influencing people when they choose a route for their walk were determined. Based on acquired factors corresponding data was collected and used to develop model determining attractiveness of a street in the city using Random Forest algorithm. The results obtained shows that routes provided by the method are 14% more attractive and just 6% longer compared with the shortest ones.
EVALUATION OF THE RELIABILITY OF COMPLEX TECHNICAL RECONFIGURATION SYSTEMS BY STATISTICAL MODELING METHOD
Authors: Kulakov A.Yu.
Published: January 2020

Goal. Assess the reliability of a complex technical system with periodic reconfiguration and compare the results obtained a similar system, but without reconfiguration. Materials and methods. In this article uses the method of statistical modeling (Monte Carlo) to assess the reliability of complex system. We using the normal and exponential distribution of failure time for modeling failures of system elements. Reconfiguration algorithm is the algorithm proposed for the attitude and orbit control system of spacecraft. Results. A computer program has been developed for assessing reliability on the basis of a statistical modeling method, which makes it possible to evaluate systems of varying complexity with exponential and normal distribution, as well as with and without periodic reconfiguration. A quantitative estimate of the reliability as a function of the probability of system failure is obtained. Conclusion. It has been demonstrated that a system with reconfiguration has the best reliability characteristics, both in the case of exponential and normal distribution of failures.
ЩОДО РОЛІ ГРОМАДИ У РОЗРОБЦІ СТРАТЕГІЇ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: ГРИШКО С. В. ГРИГОР’ЄВА В. В.,
Published: January 2020

Стаття присвячена дослідженню стратегічного планування як важливого інструменту регіонального розвитку та наголошено на важливість залучення громади у його розробку. Обґрунтоване, що задля реалізації повноцінної участі усіх суб’єктів розробки стратегічного планування, зокрема громади, необхідність законодавчого регламентації організації та проведення місцевих референдумів.
ДЕРЖАВНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ НАУКОВО-ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОГО Й ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНИ: АНАЛІЗ ІНСТИТУЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ
Authors: НІКУЛЬЧЕВ М. О. ШКРАБАК І. В.,
Published: January 2020

У статті проаналізовано основні програмні документи у сфері державного регулювання науково-технологічного й інноваційного розвитку України. Встановлено, що вони не визначають основні засади державної політики науково-технологічного й інноваційного розвитку країни, стратегії її реалізації, моделі взаємодії держави, науки і бізнесу у процесі переходу до інноваційного шляху розвитку. Обґрунтовано необхідність створення «інституціональної вісі» державного регулювання науково-технологічного й інноваційного розвитку України і визначено структуру її елементів.
ВПЛИВ СУЧАСНИХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ НА РОЗВИТОК МАРКЕТИНГОВОЇ ЛОГІСТИКИ
Authors: ГУРЕНКО А. В.
Published: January 2020

У статті досліджено сутність маркетингової логістики. Особливу увагу приділено розвитку маркетингової логістики в умовах поширення індустрії 4.0. Розкрито особливості функціонування маркетингових та логістичних систем в умовах масштабних цифрових змін. Визначено перспективи розвитку вітчизняних підприємств у нових умовах інформаційного середовища. Розкрито проблеми впровадження сучасних інформаційних технологій в економіці України.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ІНДИКАТИВНГО УПРАВЛІННЯ РОЗВИТКОМ КРАЇНИ ТА РЕГІОНІВ
Authors: ЄРЕМЕНКО О. М.
Published: January 2020

У статті розглянуто особливості індикативного управління в умовах ринкової економіки. Досліджено алгоритм здійснення і принципи ефективного застосування способів індикативного управління. Визначено роль і основні функції індикативного планування у вирішені соціальноекономічних проблем розвитку країни і регіонів.
АНАЛІЗ РОЗВИТКУ КОКСОХІМІЧНОЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: ПОПОВ Є. М.
Published: January 2020

Визначено роль коксохімічної промисловості в розвитку національної економіки України. Проаналізовано її сучасний стан та виокремлено основні проблеми. Встановлено основні причини, які перешкоджають розвитку галузі. Сформовано основні напрями державної політики, спрямованої на розвиток коксохімічної промисловості.
KEWENANGAN PENUNTUT UMUM DALAM PENYIDIKAN PERKARA PENCEGAHAN PEMBERANTASAN PERUSAKAN HUTAN (P3H)
Authors: Rendra Gigih
Published: January 2020

Belum efektifnya upaya penanganan perusakan hutan, pada tanggal 6 Agustus 2013 Pemerintah telah mengundangkan aturan hukum untuk mempercepat penanganan perusakan hutan dengan adanya Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2013 Tentang Pencegahan Pemberantasan Perusakan Hutan yang selanjutnya disebut dengan Undang-Undang P3H. Salah satu terobosan dalam upaya pemberantasan perusakan hutan, Undang-Undang tersebut telah mengakomodir kewajiban penuntut umum untuk melakukan penyidikan dalam kasus tindak pidana kerusakan Hutan. Kewenangan tersebut sebagaimana tercantum di dalam Pasal 39 huruf b yaitu : “dalam hal hasil penyidikan belum lengkap, penuntut umum wajib melakukan penyidikan paling lama 20 (dua puluh) hari dan dapat diperpanjang paling lama 30 (tiga puluh) hari”. Diakomodirnya kewenangan penuntut umum sebagaimana tercantum di dalam Pasal 39 huruf b tersebut, dimaksudkan untuk mempercepat penyelesaian perkara perusakan hutan dalam tahap penyidikan. Ketentuan tersebut menunjukan adanya politik hukum dalam hukum positif di Indonesia yang memperbolehkan overlapping kewenangan penyidikan yang sebelumnya dilakukan oleh Kepolisian sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 8 tahun 1981 tentang Hukum Acara Pidana yang selanjutnya disebut KUHAP
Prejuicios y estereotipos en el cine sobre trastornos alimentarios
Authors: Lara Martínez María , Lara Martínez Antonio
Published: January 2020

El conocimiento de la población general sobre los trastornos alimentarios es deficiente, pues al igual que con otras patologías mentales se mezclan la desinformación, los prejuicios y los estereotipos sin profundizar en las raíces de la enfermedad. Los medios audiovisuales suelen ser un reflejo de esta actitud, y a la vez son parte del problema, porque al reproducir los mismos conceptos terminan por reforzar idénticas ideas a las esperadas por los espectadores. En este artículo se estudian cuáles son las corrientes de pensamiento dominantes en el cine comercial de los últimos 20 años, analizando aquellos filmes cuyo argumento se centra en trastornos alimentarios, para confirmar si esta hipótesis es correcta.
Effect investigation of a complex additive of chromium oxide, zirconia and a technological binder type on the properties of corundum refractories
Authors: Martynenko V. V. , Primachenko V. V. , Shulik I. G. , Galchenko T. G. , Protsak E. B.
Published: January 2020

The effect of a complex additive of chromium oxide and zirconium dioxide, as well as a temporary technological binder type on the properties of corundum refractories was studied. The optimal complex additive containing chromium oxide and zirconium dioxide in certain quantities, and the type of temporary technological binder have been determined. The use of these complex additive and technological binder provides to receive following properties of samples after firing at 1580  C open porosity 17.4  %, apparent density 3.29 g/cm3, cold crushing strength 138 N/mm2, refractoriness under a load of 0.2 N/mm2 > 1700  C thermal shock resistance (1300  C — water) of at least 8 heat cycles. Based on the research results, the required regulatory documentation has been developed.

As a result of the studies, a technology for the semi­dry pressing of domestic corundum refractories based on fused corundum, α­alumina and active alumina with the complex addition of chromium oxide and zirconium dioxide was developed. This technology provides refractory products with high properties. The use of these products in the combustion chamber of production reactors of carbon black will provide their higher durability in service, and, consequently, the operation duration of high­temperature units.
MEMS Design Techniques and Performance Estimation in Connected Cars
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of ECE, B V Raju institute of technology, Narsapur, Medak(dt), Telangana, India, Reddy T.Vasudeva , Rao K. Madhava ,   Assistant Professor,Department of ECE, B V Raju institute of technology, Narsapur, Medak(dt), Telangana, India, Reddy P.Kavitha ,   Associate Professor,Department of ECE, B V Raju institute of technology, Narsapur, Medak(dt), Telangana, India
Published: January 2020

In order to design the complex structure, devices , systems of electronic products under the level micrometers the micro-electromechanical and micromachining system (MEMS) are mostly preferred. Micro machining techniques are initially lent directly from electronic integrated circuit (IC) industry. But now there were many techniques proposed with wide variety of transduction directly. Ample variety of MEMS transduction process can be used to convert real-world signal from one to another form. The process of conversion can be can be enabled by combining different sensors, actuators and Microsystems. Due to the process of partial consistency and a growing technology, the complex designs of sophisticated MEMS are produced. The combination of integrated circuits with MEMS can improve performance, but at the rate of development cost, complexity and time. With the fact & fast development and growth in the area of automotive electronics, IoT, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies prompted us to have higher potential market to make the successful products which can impact the social and economic growth. In addition to this, MEMS are well appropriate for automation, medical electronics, and agriculture and space exploration. Thus will play an important and major role in future mission both in private and public sectors. The major problem in India and other developing countries are safety and security. This paper describes the optimal solution & design methodology to control the user end application using MEMS senso., where the controlling of the machineries can be done by MEMS sensor to control communicate via wireless communication
Automatic Handwritten Devanagari Text Generation in Marathi Styles using Ant Miner Algorithm
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Computer science and engineering ,Shree JJT University, Rajsthan , India., Khan* Mr. Vajid N , Sharma Dr. Yogesh Kumar ,   Head of Department of computer science and engineering, Shree JJT University, Rajsthan, India.
Published: January 2020

The Devanagari scripts forms the backbone of the writing system of several Indian languages includes Hindi, Sanskrit and Marathi. With the increased demand, exploration and globalization of digital Devanagari documents, different printed and handwritten document recognition techniques have involved since last two decades. In literature many methods of Devanagari script recognition have been used but it is not able to attain the best results in recognition. Hence, in this paper is proposed Ant Miner Algorithm (AMA) for recognition and text generation of handwritten Devanagari Marathi Scripts. The proposed method recognition process is working with the four different stages such as pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction and recognition with text generation. The first stage pre-processing is consists of skew correction, noise removal and binarization. The second stage is segmentation that contains the line segmentation, word segmentation and character segmentation. The third stage is feature extraction method it contains four methods such as Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP). The final stage is recognition and text generation with attain with the help of AMA algorithm. It works based on the two phases such as training and testing phase. The proposed method is implemented in the python platform and it compared with the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN). The performance of the proposed method is analysed with statistical measurements of accuracy, precision and recall.
Analytical Method and Finite Element Method Wear of Disc Brake
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wollo University Kombolcha Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 208 Ethiopia, Abebawu Hailemariam Shegawu
Published: January 2020

This research focuses on wear of disc brake by method of analytical and finite element. An SUV car of DD6470C disk brake selected. Factors which considered as input parameters, such as the maximum allowable speed of the car as a constant throughout the work and by varying applied brake pressure. Analytical of the distribution of contact temperature along in the radial direction of disc brake caused by applied heat flux solved by using the separation of the variable method. Finite element simulation for contact pressure and von misses stress using; ANSYS workbench for the case of the structural analysis of disc brake was done by applying brake pressure and angular velocity. But, the thermal-structural, the maximum -contact temperature value of disc considered in addition. The contact pressure and von misses stresses were calculated analytically and ANSYS workbench results were presented in contour plot and numerically. The result shows that contact pressure, Von Misses stress and wear increased by increasing brake pressure in the case of the structure. And also parameters increase as increasing of both brake pressure and contact temperature of the disc in case of thermal-structural in all aspects like contact pressure, Von Misses and wear.
أثــر استراتيجية التصور الذهني في تنمية مهارات القراءة الجهرية عند تلميذات الصف الثالث الابتدائي
Authors: م.د بـيــداء عبـد الرضـا عيدان
Published: January 2020

يرمي البحث الحالي إلى تَعرَّف "اثر استراتيجية التصور الذهني في تنمية مهارات القراءة الجهرية عند تلميذات الصف الثالث الابتدائي", واعتمدت الباحثة على التصميم التجريبي ذي الضبطٍ الجُزئيّ، وهو تصميم المجموعة الضابطة العشوائية الاختيار, واختارت بالطريقة العشوائية مدرسة ابن المقفع الابتدائية للبنات التابعة للمديرية العامة لتربية بغداد الرصافة الاولى، وبالطريقة نفسها اختارت شعبة (أ) لتُمثل المجموعة التجريبية بواقع (33) تلميذة، وشعبة (ب) لتُمثل المجموعة الضابطة بواقع (33) تلميذة، فبلغتْ العينة (66) تلميذة, وكافأت بين مجموعتي البحث احصائيًا في متغيرات: العمر الزمنيّ، ودرجات العام السابق، والتحصيل الدراسيّ للوالدين, أما أداة البحث فقد اختارت قطعة قرائية من نهاية الكتاب المقرر تدريسه لقياس مهارتي السرعة والصحة, وأعدَّت اختبارًا يقيس مهارات الفهم من القطعة نفسها اشتمل على (30) فقرة, ودرَّست مجموعتي البحث بنفسها, في أثناء مدة التجِربة التي استمرت فصلًا دراسيًا، للعام الدراسي (2018-2019), واستعملت الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين، ومربع كاي، ومعامل ارتباط بيرسون، ومعامل الصعوبة، وقوة التمييز، ومعامل الفا كرونباخ, وبعد تحليل البيانات توصلت الباحثة الى ما يأتي:

هناك فرق ذو دلالة احصائية بين متوسط درجات تلميذات مجموعتي البحث في مهارة الفهم، والسرعة, والصحة, لصالح المجموعة التجريبية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05).

وفي ضوء نتائج البحث استنتجت الباحثة مجموعة من الاستنتاجات، منها:

تـوجـيه المعـلمين إلى ضرورة التعليم باستراتيجـية التصور الذهني التي اثبتت كثير من الدراسات فاعليتها, وضـرورة عقـد دورات تـدريبـية لمعـلمي ومعلمـات اللغـة العربـية, لتدريـبهم على اجراءاتها, وفي ضوء النتائج أوصت الباحثة بمجموعة من التوصيات منها:

إجراء دراسة لتعرف اثر استراتيجية التصور الذهـني في تنمية مهارات القراءة النـاقدة لطلبة المرحلة المتوسطة.
الوعي الصحي لدى معلمات الروضة
Authors: أ.م.د. ليلى يوسف كريم المرسومي
Published: January 2020

يعد موضوع الوعي الصحي من الموضوعات الاساسية التي تستدعي الاهتمام من الباحثين لما له من اهمية في نشر المعلومات ذات العلاقة بصحة الافراد والحفاظ على حياتهم وتجنب الامراض التي قد تصيبهم نتيجة لتغير نمط الحياة وظهور امراض جديدة باستمرار.

     لذا هدف البحث الى معرفة الوعي الصحي لدى معلمات الروضة، ودلالة الفروق في الوعي تبعا لتخصص المعلمة(رياض اطفال، غير رياض اطفال)، وسنوات الخدمة(اقل من 5 سنوات، 5 سنوات فأكثر)، لذا تم اجراء هذا البحث على معلمات الروضة في مديرية تربية الرصافة الثانية التابعة لمحافظة بغداد في رياض الاطفال الحكومية. وقد تم اختيار عينة عشوائية بسيطة بلغ عددها (150) معلمة موزعة على(10) رياض حكومية ، ولتحقيق اهداف البحث تم بناء مقياس موضوعي للوعي الصحي لدى المعلمات واستخرج له التمييز ، والصدق، والثبات . بالاستعانة بمجموعة من الوسائل الاحصائية. وتوصلت نتائجه الى امتلاك المعلمات لدرجة عالية من الوعي الصحي، ولم تظهر فروق في الوعي الصحي تبعاُ لتخصص المعلمات. وظهور فروق تبعاً لسنوات الخدمة في الروضة لصالح خدمة(5) سنوات فأكثر. وفي ضوء هذه النتائج خرج البحث بمجموعة من التوصيات والمقترحات لدراسات مستقبلية.
مهارات الادراك البصري لدى تلاميذ المرحلة الابتدائية من ذوي صعوبات تعلم الكتابة والعاديين (دراسة مقارنة)
Authors: د. حنان جمعة عبد الله  , د. احسان عليوي ناصر
Published: January 2020

مهارات الادراك البصري لدى تلاميذ المرحلة الابتدائية من ذوي صعوبات تعلم الكتابة والعاديين في المرحلة الابتدائية (دراسة مقارنة)

هدف البحث التعرف على:

الفروق ذات الدلالة الإحصائية في مهارات الادراك البصري بين التلاميذ ذوي صعوبات تعلم الكتابة والتلاميذ العاديين.

الفروق ذات الدلالة الإحصائية في مهارات الادراك البصري حسب النوع.

العلاقة الارتباطية بين مهارات الادراك البصري وصعوبات تعلم الكتابة.

ولغرض تحقيق الهدف تم اختيار عينة عشوائية بسيطة من أربع مدارس ابتدائية من مدارس تربية الكرخ الأولى، تتكون من (90) تلميذ وتلميذة بواقع (45) من تلامذة الصف الخامس الابتدائي، ممن تظهر لديهم مؤشرات صعوبات تعلم الكتابة وفقاً لنظام اختيار هؤلاء التلاميذ الذي اتبعه الباحثان في البحث الحالي من خلال استمارة الملاحظة، و (45) من التلاميذ العاديين من الصف الخامس الابتدائي من نفس مدارس عينة ذوي صعوبات التعلم الكتابة.

  قام الباحثان ببناء استمارة ملاحظة لتحديد ذوي صعوبات تعلم الكتابة في ضوء خصائص ومؤشرات الاضطرابات في الكتابة تتكون من (20) عبارة في ضوء مقياس ثلاثي يحددها القائم بملاحظة التلميذ (المعلم)، واستخرج الصدق والثبات لاستمارة الملاحظة.

ولقياس الادراك البصري قام الباحثان ببناء اختبار مهارات الادراك البصري، والذي يتكون من سبعة مهارات وهي (التمييز البصري-الذاكرة البصرية-إدراك العلاقات المكانية البصرية-ثبات الشكل بصرياً-ذاكرة التسلسل البصري-العلاقة بين الشكل والارضية بصرياً-الاغلاق البصري)، وتتكون كل مهارة من (10) فقرات، واستخرجت الخصائص القياسية للمهارات متمثلا بالصدق والثبات.

وللتأكد من نتائج البحث تم حساب المتوسطات الحسابية والانحرافات المعيارية لدرجات ذوي صعوبات التعلم الكتابة والعاديين لمهارات الادراك البصري وفقاً لكل مهارة من مهارات الادراك البصري والاختبار ككل باستخدام الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين.

واظهرت نتائج البحث أنه توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين التلاميذ ذوي صعوبات التعلم الكتابة والعاديين في كل مهارات من مهارات الادراك البصري. وانه توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في مهارات الادراك البصري حسب النوع ولصالح الاناث، فضلا عن ذلك كشف البحث عن علاقة ارتباطية عكسية بين درجات مهارات الادراك البصري ودرجات صعوبات تعلم الكتابة.
فقه الموازنات في السياسة الشرعية (أنموذجات تطبيقية)
Authors: أ.م.د. خالد محمد جاسم
Published: January 2020

يهتم هذا البحث بدراسة فقه الموازنات وبيان أهميته وتأثيره في الأحكام الشرعية المستنبطة والتي تقبل المرونة بحسب المصالح والمفاسد ، ويبين والأدلة عليه من القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية والاجماع والعقل ، ثم يأخذ الأنموذجات التطبيقية من فقه السياسة الشرعية في عصر الرسول (صلى الله عليه وسلم) وعصر الخلفاء الراشدين (رضي الله عنهم ) وعند الفقهاء .

كما يبين البحث أثر علم فقه الموازنات في السياسة الشرعية تأثيراً كبيراً واستعمل فيها بشكل واسع وكبير لاسيما وان السياسة الشرعية يتبناها الحكام والولاة في تسيير امور الدولة، وهم يتعرضون الى مسائل تتطلب ترجيحا بين المصالح المتعارضة كالمصلحة العامة والمصلحة الخاصة ، كحفظ الدين وحفظ الانفس وباقي تسيير امور الدولة ، وقد ذكر ذلك فقهاؤنا وعلماؤنا واعطوا الامثلة عليه ، واعطوا الحلول من خلال دراستها في فقه الموازنات، مستندين بذلك الى القران الكريم وافعال النبي (صلى الله عليه واله وسلم) في مثل هذه المسائل والاعتماد على القواعد الفقهية، اوالترجيح بين المصالح لتحقيق المصالح الكبرى والمنافع العامة .
Using Storytime Technique in developing Iraqi EFL Primary Pupils' Reading Skill
Authors: Asst. Prof. Sabeeha Hamza Dehham
Published: January 2020

The aim of the  study is to investigate the effect of using storytime technique on developing Reading skills of Iraqi EFL Primary Pupils.

     The Population of this study EFL fourth-grade primary school pupils during the academic year 2018-2019. The Sample includes 68 students who were chosen randomly. The participants were divided into two groups; experiment group consisted of (35) students who were taught reading texts by using storytime technique while the control group consisted of (33) students who were taught reading skills by using traditional methods. The researcher constructed two tools to achieve the aim of the study, the first tool, a checklist to test students’ Motivation to learn English and the achievement test for students reading comprehension. The tests have been given to a group of jury members to ensure their validity and reliability, after that the tests are given to the pilot sample which consisted of (28) students. The motivation question was used before starting the experiment for the purpose of equalization and the end to test students’ motivation. The achievement test was administered upon the subjects who were invalid in the experiment. The researcher did the equalization between the experiment and control groups; in the following variables: (students’ age, intelligence quotient test score, a pre-test of motivation, students' scores in English and gender variable).

      The experiment started at the 20th. Feb.2018 and ended at the 20th. Apr.2018, the researcher herself taught the two groups. The data obtained were analyzed by using t-test formula for two independent samples. The results showed that the storytime technique was effective in improving reading skills' achievement and motivation to learn English.
من وسائل الشيطان في إغواء الانسان على مر الزمان عبادة الجن والشياطين
Authors: أ.د. نشأت صلاح الدين حسين
Published: January 2020

مما لايقبله عقلُ عاقل ويستغرب منه كل ذي بصيرةٍ حية أن يتخذ الانسان الذي كرمه الله وفضلهُ على كثير من خلقه كما في قوله تعالى) وَلَقَدْ كَرَّمْنَا بَنِي آدَمَ وَحَمَلْنَاهُمْ فِي الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ وَرَزَقْنَاهُم مِّنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَفَضَّلْنَاهُمْ عَلَىٰ كَثِيرٍ مِّمَّنْ خَلَقْنَا تَفْضِيلًا ) (الإسراء: ٧٠ (هذا العدو اللعين الذي ما فتيء منذ ان طردهُ الله من رحمته وهو يحمل الشر والسوء لابن آدم رباً وولياً يسير على خطاه ويمتثل أوامره على الرغم من تحذير رب العزة والجلال من أفعال هذا الخبيث وأول تحذير جاء لأبينا آدم عليه السلام إذ قال تعالى( فَقُلْنَا يَا آدَمُ إِنَّ هَٰذَا عَدُوٌّ لَّكَ وَلِزَوْجِكَ فَلَا يُخْرِجَنَّكُمَا مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ فَتَشْقَىٰ)(طه: ١١٧(  كما حذر ذريته من عداوته فعليها أن لا تأمن شرَّه الذي يجري في انفاسه اللعينة وان تتخذه عدواً دائماً إذ قال تعالى(إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ فَاتَّخِذُوهُ عَدُوًّا )          (فاطر: ٦(  فلا يُقبل من عاقل ان يلجأ لعدوه كي يُعينه على أمر من أمور الدنيا فما بالنا بهذا العدو الذي أخذ العهد على نفسه بأن جعل شغلهُ الشاغل إيقاع الانسان في الضلال وابعادهِ عن طريق التوحيد لخالقه فهو كاذبٌ في كل وعوده واقواله إذ قالَ عزَّ من قائل(يَعِدُهُمْ وَيُمَنِّيهِمْ ۖ وَمَا يَعِدُهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ إِلَّا غُرُورًا )(النساء: ١٢٠ ) واول عهد نقضهُ عهدهِ لآدم وحواء عليهما السلام بعد قَسَمِهِ على هذا العهد إذ قال تعالى( فَوَسْوَسَ لَهُمَا الشَّيْطَانُ لِيُبْدِيَ لَهُمَا مَا وُورِيَ عَنْهُمَا مِن سَوْآتِهِمَا وَقَالَ مَا نَهَاكُمَا رَبُّكُمَا عَنْ هَٰذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ إِلَّا أَن تَكُونَا مَلَكَيْنِ أَوْ تَكُونَا مِنَ الْخَالِدِينَ . وَقَاسَمَهُمَا إِنِّي لَكُمَا لَمِنَ النَّاصِحِينَ. فَدَلَّاهُمَا بِغُرُورٍ ۚ فَلَمَّا ذَاقَا الشَّجَرَةَ بَدَتْ لَهُمَا سَوْآتُهُمَا وَطَفِقَا يَخْصِفَانِ عَلَيْهِمَا مِن وَرَقِ الْجَنَّةِ ۖ وَنَادَاهُمَا رَبُّهُمَا أَلَمْ أَنْهَكُمَا عَن تِلْكُمَا الشَّجَرَةِ وَأَقُل لَّكُمَا إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ لَكُمَا عَدُوٌّ مُّبِينٌ) (الأعراف: ٢٠ – ٢٢) وعلى الرغم من التحذير الآلهي لبني البشر من عداوة إبليس إلا إن بعض الاقوام عبدت هذا اللعين واشركتهُ برب الارض والسماء .وهو ماسنبينه في بحثنا هذا .

وقد اقتضت طبيعة البحث ان يكون بمقدمة وست مطالب  الاول منها: بيان الموطن الاول لعبادة الجن والشياطين في الارض والمطلب الثاني :القبائل العربية التي عبدت الجن والشياطين والمطلب الثالث :المنافقون والمشركون واستعانتهم بعبادة الجن والشياطين والمطلب الرابع تاثر اليهود والنصارى في عبادة الجن والشياطين وتناولنا في المطلب الخامس تحذير الخالق سبحانه وتعالى والرسول الكريم للمؤمنين من الوقوع في حبائل الشيطان والمطلب الاخير وسائل اغواء الشيطان للناس في العصر الحديث وتم وضع خاتمة وثبت للمصادر في اخر البحث وغايتنا من ذلك ان يجعل الله عملنا هذا في ميزاننا يوم لا ينفع مال ولا بنون وان يجعلنا من المقربين عنده ويحشرنا تحت لواء سيد المرسلين وامام المتقين انه على ذلك قدير وبالاجابة جدير .
Analysis of Linguistic Errors Made by EFL’s Adult Learners in Translating English into Indonesian language
Authors: Chandra Julian , Wahyuni Irna
Published: January 2020

The study was aimed at describing what linguistic errors namely, grammatical, syntactical, morphological, phnological and lexical errors that English education program students made in translating Indonesian language into English. This research was a descriptive qualitative research. Research participants were 19  sixth semester students of English education at STKIP YDB who took translation subject for academic year of  2018/2019. The research instrument was translation test derived from the students’ translation midterm examination which comprised translating 15 Indonesian sentences into English. Data was analyzed through error analysis in which was proposed by Ellis (1997) involving  steps such as (1) collecting samples / data, (2) identifying the errors, (3) classifying translation errors, (4) explaining the errors, and (5) evaluating / interpreting the error.
            The results of the study revealed that the main linguistic errors that the students had in translating Bahasa Indonesia into English was in lexical  aspect. It was found that lexical error comprised  72,8% of total errors. For grammar and syntactical aspects,  it was found that both contained 12,% of total errors made by the students. For morphological aspects,  it was found that only 3,1% of total errors was made. For the linguistic problems in phonological aspects, surprisingly it was found 0% of total errors . It can be concluded language acquisition of these students in the linguistic component of English as a foreign language was inadequate in the act of translating, especially in the level of "lexicon" (vocabulary and choice of words), grammar and syntax.
menyelisik peran narator dalam novel Noruwei no Mori karya Haruki Murakami
Authors: Suri Intan
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana peran narator ditampilkan dalam karya haruki murakami yang berjudul noruwei no mori (1991). dalam karya itu, narator ditampilkan melalui "boku/aku" yang sekaligus berperan sebagai tokoh utama. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah persona dan fokalisasi dari Gerard Genette. hasil penelitian atas novel ini adalah membuktikan peran narator dengan persona homodiegetik dan narator autodiegetik.
Evolution of US Health Care Reform
Authors: Manchikanti Laxmaiah
Published: January 2020

Major health policy creation or changes, including governmental and private policies affecting
health care delivery are based on health care reform(s). Health care reform has been a global
issue over the years and the United States has seen proposals for multiple reforms over the
years. A successful, health care proposal in the United States with involvement of the federal
government was the short-lived establishment of the first system of national medical care in
the South. In the 20th century, the United States was influenced by progressivism leading to
the initiation of efforts to achieve universal coverage, supported by a Republican presidential
candidate, Theodore Roosevelt. In 1933, Franklin D. Roosevelt, a Democrat, included a publicly
funded health care program while drafting provisions to Social Security legislation, which was
eliminated from the final legislation. Subsequently, multiple proposals were introduced, starting
in 1949 with President Harry S Truman who proposed universal health care; the proposal by
Lyndon B. Johnson with Social Security Act in 1965 which created Medicare and Medicaid;
proposals by Ted Kennedy and President Richard Nixon that promoted variations of universal
health care. presidential candidate Jimmy Carter also proposed universal health care. This was
followed by an effort by President Bill Clinton and headed by first lady Hillary Clinton in 1993,
but was not enacted into law. Finally, the election of President Barack Obama and control of
both houses of Congress by the Democrats led to the passage of the Affordable Care Act
(ACA), often referred to as “ObamaCare” was signed into law in March 2010. Since then, the
ACA, or Obamacare, has become a centerpiece of political campaigning. The Republicans now
control the presidency and both houses of Congress and are attempting to repeal and replace
the ACA.
Key words: Health care reform, Affordable Care Act (ACA), Obamacare, Medicare, Medicaid,
American Health Care Act
Does Conservative Treatment Change the Brain
in Patients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain?
A Systematic Review
Authors: Meeus Mira
Published: January 2020

Background: Chronic musculoskeletal pain is characterized by maladaptive central neuroplastic
changes. Many observational studies have demonstrated that chronic pain states are associated
with brain alterations regarding structure and/or function. Rehabilitation of patients with chronic
musculoskeletal pain may include cognitive, exercise, or multimodal therapies.
Objective: The current review aims to provide a constructive overview of the existing literature
reporting neural correlates, based on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques,
following conservative treatment in chronic musculoskeletal pain patients.
Study Design: Systematic review of the literature.
Methods: The current review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Literature was searched from 3 databases
and screened for eligibility. Methodological quality across studies was assessed with Cochrane
Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias and quality of evidence was determined applying the
Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.
Results: A total of 9 eligible studies were identified with a predominant high risk of bias.
Cognitive behavioral therapy induced several structural and functional changes predominantly
in prefrontal cortical regions and a shift from affective to sensory-discriminative brain activity
after behavioral extinction training. Multidisciplinary treatment in pediatric complex regional pain
syndrome facilitated normalization of functional connectivity of resting-state networks and the
amygdala, and increased gray matter in prefrontal and specific subcortical areas. Exercise therapy
led to specific for resting-state functional connectivity and a trend towards pressure-induced brain
activity changes.
Limitations: A very small number of studies was available, which furthermore exhibited small
study samples. Moreover, only 2 of the included studies were randomized controlled trials.
Conclusions: It is likely that conservative treatments may induce mainly functional and structural
brain changes in prefrontal regions in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Due to the
relatively high risk of bias across the included studies, future studies with randomized designs
are needed to confirm the current findings. In addition, more research evaluating the treatmentinduced effects on white matter and whole-brain network dynamics are warranted.
Key words: Chronic pain, musculoskeletal pain, MRI, functional MRI, therapy, rehabilitation,
cognitive behavioral therapy, exercise therapy
Perioperative Ketamine Administration for
Thoracotomy Pain
Authors: Pyati Srinivas
Published: January 2020

Background: Of all the postsurgical pain conditions, thoracotomy pain poses a particular therapeutic
challenge in terms of its prevalence, severity, and ensuing postoperative morbidity. Multiple pain
generators contribute to the severity of post-thoracotomy pain, and therefore a multimodal analgesic
therapy is considered to be a necessary strategy. Along with opioids, thoracic epidural analgesia, and
paravertebral blocks, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists such as ketamine have been
used as adjuvants to improve analgesia.
Objective: We reviewed the evidence for the efficacy of intravenous and epidural administration of
ketamine in acute post-thoracotomy pain management, and its effectiveness in reducing chronic postthoracotomy pain.
Study Design: Systematic literature review and an analytic study of a data subset were performed.
Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane reviews using the key terms “ketamine,”
“neuropathic pain,” “postoperative,” and “post-thoracotomy pain syndrome.” The search was limited to
human trials and included all studies published before January 2015. Data from animal studies, abstracts,
and letters were excluded. All studies not available in the English language were excluded. The manuscript
bibliographies were reviewed for additional related articles. We included randomized controlled trials and
retrospective studies, while excluding individual case reports.
Results: This systematic literature search yielded 15 randomized control trials evaluating the efficacy
of ketamine in the treatment of acute post-thoracotomy pain; fewer studies assessed its effect on
attenuating chronic post-thoracotomy pain. The majority of reviewed studies demonstrated that ketamine
has efficacy in reduction of acute pain, but the evidence is limited on the long-term benefits of ketamine
to prevent post-thoracotomy pain syndrome, regardless of the route of administration. A nested analytical
study found there is a statistically significant reduction in acute post-thoracotomy pain with IV or epidural
ketamine. However currently, the evidence for a role of ketamine as a preventative agent for chronic postthoracotomy pain is insufficient due to the heterogeneity of the studies reviewed with regard to the route
of administration, dosage, and outcome measures.
Limitations: The evidence for a role of ketamine as a preventative agent for chronic post-thoracotomy
pain is insufficient due to the heterogeneity of the studies reviewed.
Conclusion: The majority of randomized controlled trials reviewed show no role for ketamine in
attenuating or preventing post-thoracotomy pain syndrome at variable follow-up lengths. Therefore,
additional research is warranted with consideration of risk factors and long-term follow-up for chronic
post-thoracotomy pain though the evidence for benefit appears clear for acute post-thoracotomy pain.
Key words: Ketamine, postoperative, thoracotomy pain, post thoracotomy pain syndrome, neuropathic
pain
Bipolar Versus Unipolar Intraarticular Pulsed
Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation in Chronic
Knee Pain Treatment: A Prospective Randomized
Trial
Authors: Gulec Ersel
Published: January 2020

Background: Chronic knee pain is a major widespread problem causing significant impairment
of daily function. Pulsed radiofrequency has been shown to reduce severe chronic joint pain as a
non-pharmacological and less invasive treatment method.
Objective: We aimed to compare the effectiveness of unipolar and bipolar intraarticular pulsed
radiofrequency methods in chronic knee pain control.
Study Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind study.
Setting: Pain clinic in Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine.
Methods: One hundred patients, aged 20 – 70 years with grade 2 or 3 knee osteoarthritis
were included in this study. Patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups to receive either
unipolar (group U, n = 50) or bipolar (group B, n = 50) intraarticular pulsed radiofrequency (IAPRF)
with a 45 V voltage, 2 Hz frequency, 42° C temperature, 10 msec pulse width, and 10 minute
duration. We recorded visual analog scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities
Osteoarthritis Index LK 3.1WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis
Index LK 3.1) scores of patients at baseline and one, 4, and 12 weeks after the procedure. The
primary outcome was the percentage of patients with ≥ 50% reduction in knee pain at 12 weeks
after the procedure.
Results: There was a significant difference between the groups according to VAS scores at all
post-intervention time points. In group B, 84% of patients, and in the group U, 50% of patients
achieved at least 50% knee pain relief from the baseline to 3 months. In group B, WOMAC scores
were significantly lower than the group U at one and 3 months.
Limitations: Lack of long-term clinical results and supportive laboratory tests.
Conclusion: Bipolar IAPRF is more advantageous in reducing chronic knee pain and functional
recovery compared with unipolar IAPRF. Further studies with longer follow-up times, laboratorybased tests, and different generator settings are required to establish the clinical importance and
well-defined mechanism of action of PRF.
This study protocol was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT02141529), on May 15,
2014. Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval date: January 16, 2014, and number: 26/9
Key words: Chronic pain, intraarticular, knee joint, knee osteoarthritis, pain management,
pulsed radiofrequency treatment, quality of life, recovery of function