bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Rector and the Deaconess: Women, the Church, and Sexual Harassment in Early-Twentieth-Century English Canada, A Case Study
Authors: Knowles Norman
Published: January 2017

This paper examines the events surrounding an incident of sexual harassment involving a young deaconess and the rector of a Halifax parish at the time of the First World War. Based on the correspondence of the principal figures involved in the case and the church officials who later investigated the affair, the paper provides a rare and intimate look into sexual impropriety within the middle class, the construction of gender relations and the ambivalence and ambiguity that surrounded women’s role and position within the Church at the beginning of the twentieth century.
On the Dark Side of the Nation: Politics of Multiculturalism and the State of “Canada”
Authors: Bannerji Himani
Published: January 2017

This paper is primarily concerned with the construction of “Canada” as a social and cultural form of national identity, and various challenges and interruptions offered to this identity by literature produced by writers from non-white communities. The first part of the paper examines both literary and political-theoretical formulations of a “two-nation,” “two solitudes” thesis and their implications for various cultural accommodations offered to “others," especially through the mechanism of “multiculturalism.” The second part concentrates on the experiences and standpoint of people of colour, or non-white people, especially since the 1960s, and the cultural and political formulating derivable from them.
Staging Cultural Criticism: Michael Ignatieff’s Blood and Belonging and Myrna Kostash’s Bloodlines
Authors: KAMBOURELI SMARO
Published: January 2017

Reading Michael Ignatieff’s Blood and Belonging and Myrna Kostash’s Bloodlines as intercultural translations of the same “originals,” the European sites both authors visit and write about, this article examines the differences characterizing these two authors’ practice of cultural criticism. Self-referentiality, the articulation of methodology, the dramatization of strategies of representation, narrative techniques - all these reflect the politics involved in intercultural translation.
Alive and Well: Native Theatre in Canada
Authors: TAYLOR DREW HAYDEN
Published: January 2017

This article focuses on the growth, development and increasing acceptance of Aboriginal theatre in Canada, particularly in the last decade, from the perspective of a Native playwright. The author argues that the success of Aboriginal theatre may be directly attributed to a society rooted in an oral culture and the tradition of storytelling.
Teaching Ethnic Minority Writing: A Report from the Classroom
Authors: Mukherjee Arun P.
Published: January 2017

In this paper, the author spells out her pedagogical concerns and findings regarding the teaching of racial and ethnic minority writing. Beginning with how these racial/ethnic minority texts fracture the consensus about the current understandings of Canadian literature and its canon, interpretative strategies required to decode racial and ethnic minority literatures will be discussed. Since these literatures draw from the signifying practices of the entire cultural apparatus of the ethnic and/or racial minority community they emerge from, those from outside the group need to acquire some prior knowledge of these signifying practices before they can fully respond to the embedded clues in the text. Drawing from her in-class experience, the author explicates how these texts create depth and resonance for the reader “in the know” by refiguring the symbolic capital of his/her community. The paper ends with some general conclusions about Canadian literature’s analytical frameworks in general and what racial and ethnic minority texts can teach us about the art of interpretation per se.
Paroles transgressives et métissage culturel au féminin
Authors: Lequin Lucie
Published: January 2017

Durant les années 80, l’intérêt grandissant pour les notions d’identité en mouvement, d’hétérogénéité et d’ouverture sur le monde, entre autres, déplace le regard porté sur la société, de façon plus restreinte, sur le champ littérature. Cet article place dans ce contexte de mouvance, la problématique multidirectionelle du métissage culturel au féminin par le biais des paroles de femmes, écrites ou parlées, en tant que stratégies de quête et d’affirmation du soi, ainsi que stratégies d’élargissement du français comme langue afin qu’en lui, on entende aussi d’autres langues.
“The Manufacture of Souls of Good Quality”: Winnipeg’s 1919 National Conférence on Canadian Citizenship, English-Canadian Nationalism, and the New Order After the Great War
Authors: Mitchel Tom
Published: January 2017

The end of the Great War did not mark a simple and uncomplicated return for Canadians to a condition of normalcy. Canada’s business elite and its allies among Canada’s middle class progressives interpreted the post-war malaise as a crisis of citizenship which threatened the stability of the social order and the destiny of the emergent Canadian nation. They sought to address this condition by casting the post-war order in a particular idiom of citizenship informed by a common Canadianism which furnished a rationale for tile suppression of labour radicalism, ignored group claims to expanded citizenship, and consolidated class inequalities. The Winnipeg Conference on Citizenship was a central feature of this initiative. The central premise of the Conference was that a modem social order had to be rooted in the psyche of the ruled; its principal outcome was the consolidation of a broadly based commitment to the creation of a new order cast in the image of Canada’s Anglo-Canadian business and professional elite.
Canada’s Window on Asia: The Establishment of the Tokyo Legation in 1928-1931
Authors: Lynhiavu Tou Chu Dou
Published: January 2017

Canada’s decision to establish diplomatic ties with Japan in 1928 was an important foreign policy initiative. It represented a clear if reluctant recognition on the part of the Department of External Affairs of the importance of Asia-Pacific in general, and Japan in particular. It also reflected the need for Canada to have a “Far Eastern” policy. Canada and Japan had just signed an agreement on immigration, and Japan was Canada’s fourth largest trading partner. The Japanese producers demanded protective measures, and the Tokyo Legation worked hard trying to protect Canadian interests. The Depression and the collapse of international trading systems, meanwhile, rendered it doubly difficult for the Tokyo mission to maintain Canada’s favourable trading relation with Japan. Finally, the Legation provided Ottawa with vital information on Japanese internal politics and external relations, although Ottawa did not always use (his information accurately in its statements during the Manchurian Crisis: the Legation was too small to cover all of Asia-Pacific and thus could not give a “China View” when the Manchurian Crisis occurred. The attempt to gather materials essential for the formulation of Canada’s “Far Eastern” policy proved beyond the reach of a single understaffed diplomatic mission. It was, nevertheless, an important first step.
Ways of Understanding: Canada and the Concept of Canadian Studies
Authors: Matthews David Ralph
Published: January 2017

This paper explores issues related to the nature of Canadian Studies as a discipline. It argues that Canadian Studies should forego attempts at interdisciplinarity that are rooted in other disciplines and should focus on developing an epistemology and understanding of Canadian society in its own right. It contends that such an understanding is inexorably intertwined with the nature of Canada as a society, and that the starting point for such a discipline lies in foregoing attempts to examine ways in which Canadians are similar to one another and/or how Canada is like or different from other nations. Rather, it is argued that a distinct discipline of Canadian Studies should focus on the ways in which Canadian society is “unique” in both its social and cultural organization and behaviour. It is suggested that a fundamental starting point for such an understanding involves a recognition of the ways in which Canadian society is organized to maintain diversity.
From Margin to The (Canadian) Frontier: “The Wombs of Language” in M. Nourbese Philip’s She Tries Her Tongue, Her Silence Softly Breaks
Authors: Deloughrey Elizabeth
Published: January 2017

In this close reading of M. Nourbese Philip’s collection of poetry She Tries Her Tongue, Her Silence Softly Breaks, the author examines the revised Canadian literary cartography by Philip’s complex poetry series. In her effort to foreground the “histories” of Africans in the New World and their entangled relationship to the history of the West, Philip ultimately challenges the “uni-verse-all” voice, while calling attention to the politics that underlie assertions of “universalism” and “objectivity." The author pinpoints a number of Western epistemologies that are the targets of Philip’s re-vision: specifically Greek myth, Christianity, the English language/grammar and its impact on the social construction of bodies. For instance, Philip re-visions Greek myth so that the Proserpine/Ceres separation of mother/daughter becomes rewritten to encompass the fragmentation of cultures that resulted from the African diaspora. The author argues that Philip traverses the Caribbean and Canadian landscape in an effort to create a “mother-tongue” that is not circumscribed by sexist or racist hegemony and that Philip’s overall objective is to reposition Black Canadian poetry from the literary margins to the frontier.
We’ve Seen it All Before: The Rise and Fall of the COR Party of New Brunswick, 1988-1995
Authors: Martin Geoffrey R.
Published: January 2017

This article traces the rise and fall of one of Canada’s recently formed populist, “New Right” parties, the Confederation of Regions Party of New Brunswick (COR-NB). The COR-NB, which was wiped out in the provincial election of 1995, was a programmatic party based on political protest, which advocated a libertarian ideology. The experience showed that partisan realignment is possible in peripheral areas like New Brunswick, but that the anger that led to the formation of the party has been turned inward and has destroyed the party’s coherence. The author describes the formation and disintegration of the party, in the context of Canada’s historical cases of right-wing populist third parties. It is argued that New Brunswick should not be regarded as particularly “conservative” and “exceptional” in the Canadian political and social context.
Ethnic Origin, Class Origin and Educational Attainment in Canada: Further Evidence on the Mosaic Thesis
Authors: Ali Jennifer , Grabb Edward
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we extend the analysis of status attainment in Canada in three key ways. First, we treat education, not as an intervening or control variable in the status attainment process, but as an important dependent variable in its own right. Second, we use recent representative national survey data to compare the relative effects of ethnic origin and class origin on status attainment, using education as the attainment measure. Third, we examine ethnicity and class effects on education while determining if these effects differ for foreign-born and native-born Canadians. The results, both with and without controls on other variables, indicate that ethnicity has a significant influence on educational attainment. However, the ethnicity effect is weak compared to the effects of three class-related background measures: mother’s education, father’s education, and father’s occupation. The three class variables account for a large portion of the ethnic differences in education, and explain much more of the variance in educational attainment than do ethnicity or the various controls. There are also notable differences in how ethnic groups rank on education, when foreign-born and native-born respondents are considered separately. The implications of the findings for future research on status attainment in Canada are briefly discussed.
Survival as a Lively Art: The Newfoundland and Labrador Experience in Anniversary Retrospective
Authors: Earle Neil
Published: January 2017

In 1997 the people of Newfoundland and Labrador officially commemorated the 500th anniversary of their discovery by European explorers. In 1999 the people of the tenth province will reflect upon their 50-year experience within the Canadian confederation. These two marker events provide a convenient paradigm in which to place the profound ironies that have characterized the Newfoundland and Labrador experience. Prominent home-grown scholars and writers such as David Pitt and Patrick O’Flaherty have commented upon this continuity in the Terra Nova record. This article contends that the counterpoint between the images of Jovial Outport and Gothic Tragedy may offer a clue to recapturing the narrative thread of the Newfoundland and Labrador story, an inportant theme as Canadian social and narrative history seeks new bearings in the aftermath of extreme deconstructionism and cultural relativism. As Canadians who still possess living memories of a pre-Confederation political existence the basic story-flow of the tenth province is significant for all who are interested in the larger story of Canada.
Restoring Wilderness Functions and the Vicarious Basis of Ecological Stewardship
Authors: Greig Jean , Whillans Thomas
Published: January 2017

Wilderness and natural ecological functions are subject to a range of cultural interpretation. Using great lake ecosystems as an example, it is possible to argue that some areas of Canada that are now widely considered to be wilderness and to function naturally either are or were significantly dependent upon human intervention. Moreover, some areas that were completely constructed by humans are slowly assuming characteristics of wilderness and are becoming ecologically naturalized. The convergence of these two perpectives leads to a re-examination of the degree to which ecological restoration is a non-contradictory opportunity for restoring wilderness functions and for engaging society experientially with the complexities and limits of functional restoration in non-wilderness areas, an engagement that could constitute the basis of broad political support for wilderness stewardship.
Refiguring Wilderness: A Personal Odyssey
Authors: Hodgins Bruce W.
Published: January 2017

This autobiographical essay traces the refiguration of the author’s notion of wilderness, from one comprising little or no human presence to a conception that includes a vital and permanent aboriginal presence. The essay depicts the author’s personal journey, inspired and fuelled by the themes of landscape, nordicity, environmental stewardship and the relationship between Native and non-Native peoples. The author’s evolving definition of wilderness has been informed by personal life experiences, intellectual and academic pursuits, and social and political encounters, such as his involvement with the Ontario camping movement and his active participation in the Teme-Augama Anishnabai’s efforts to regain their traditional homeland.
The Australian Dilemma: Landscape and Wilderness, or Resource Base for Population?
Authors: Atchison John
Published: January 2017

The Australian debate surrounding the concept of wilderness goes to the core of Australia’s existence. How this debate is resolved Will determine the extent to which Australia can be a just society and will also affect its economic future, particularly with respect to international trade. Immigration has been central to Australia’s growth and its liberal democratic aspirations; however, this liberal democratic project remains incomplete, because Australia has yet to empower its indigenous citizens. Aboriginal ideals and values regarding resources and their use have not been married fully or effectively with those of Western science and technologies, particularly in the areas of land use and water management. Aboriginal identities themselves are being altered in the wake of the High Court’s Mabo decision. For post-Mabo and Wik aboriginal identities to evolve consistent with their heritage and the liberal democratic project, the wilderness aesthetic must absorb historical understanding into its perspective on society, nature and the human.
Gender Notes: Wilderness Unfinished
Authors: Moss John
Published: January 2017

Men and women tell their stories in fundamentally different ways. The structure of women’s narrative has been subverted, as the content has been suppressed, through the course of cultural evolution from classical to contemporary expression of human experience. Nowhere is this more evident than in writings of wilderness travel, but as male designs give way to female imperatives, not only are the forms Of narrative changing. But the very notion of wilderness itself is being refigured. Histrionic tales of conquest and endurance are being displaced by accounts of making connections with the natural world. A close reading of books by Victoria Jason and Don Starkell about overlapping Arctic expeditions clarifies the argument: in the female account, meaning gives way to being, the wilderness is rescued from metaphor, narrative celebrates the object perceived, not the subject perceiving.
Wilderness, Modernity and Aboriginality in the Paintings of Emily Carr
Authors: Moray Gerta
Published: January 2017

There is an inherent duality in Emily Cair’s artistic project of recording and commemorating Northwest Coast Native villages and totem poles. Her images fell within a racist paradigm that grounded a modern Canadian national art in the assimilation of the style and motifs of aboriginal art. They were seen as a complement to the Group of Seven’s “wilderness” images, which erased the living aboriginal presence from the landscape. On the other hand, Carr’s writings and paintings show her strong and persistent sympathy and admiration for Native peoples and their culture, and her attempts to counteract the negative racial stereotypes and to criticize the injustices of her day. The article focusses on Carr’s confrontations of Native cultural change, for example in her images of Skidegate and Haida Gwaii, and argues that her work has continuing relevance as a statement of respect for First Nations’ traditions and endurance.
Wilderness and Territoriality: Different Ways of Viewing the Land
Authors: Manore Jean L.
Published: January 2017

This paper examines the three views of wilderness that have been held by non-Native Canadians through time and space - wilderness as alien, as frontier and as sanctuary - and then relates them to the corresponding views non-Natives have held of the First Nations - “Indians” as savage, as hindrances to development and as examples of purity or threats to the ideal of preservation. It then traces the development of the Native land claims process, noting that originally Europeans and their descendants “claimed” the land from the First Nations and suggests that if a fourth view of wilderness, that of wilderness as paradigm were to be adopted by non-Native society, the current difficulties in resolving Native land claims would be removed. In fact, the need for Native land claims may be ameliorated altogether.
Two New World “Wilderness” Texts: Re-reading the “Writing That Conquers”
Authors: Blyth Molly
Published: January 2017

This paper offers a re-reading of two texts whose place and date of origin span two continents and more than 200 years, but which nevertheless participate in a similiar colonist discourse that constructs as its object of knowledge the New World “wilderness.” L’Amerique historique (c.1638), an engraving by the Flemish artist Theodor Galle and The Champlain Monument (1915) by the Ottawa sculptor Hamilton MacCarthy are both texts that work to re-inscribe the Self/Other Civilized/Savage model of colonial identification and are, as such, examples of what Michel de Certeau has named “writing that conquers”; however, as sites and scenes of instruction, they also work to resist, destabilize and fundamentally interrogate the colonist binary thinking that informs them. As a result, both may be reread and utilized as powerful tools of cultural decolonization.
L’industrie canadienne de la fourrure: Entre le métier d’art et la production en grande série
Authors: Ribordy Annette
Published: January 2017

Cet article fait le point sur l’industrie de la fourrure telle qu’elle se présente à la fin du XXe siècle. La fourrure est une industrie complexe dans laquelle se retrouvent trois, voire quatre, sous-industries et qui regroupe un vaste éventail d’activités. De la récolte des peaux brutes à la vente au détail, elle procure de l’emploi à quelques 80 000 personnes. L’industrie de la fourrure est influencée par une multitude de facteurs environnementaux divergents et souvent imprévisibles: une vaste gamme de mesures visent à en réglementer le fonctionnement. De plus, l’industrie est fortement influencée par les facteurs qui agissent sur l’offre et sur la demande et par les différentes forces qui influencent le consommateur. Après une décennie de fortes turbulences (récession, mouvements de défense des droits des animaux, concurrence internationale), la fourrure s’apprête aujourd’hui à entrer dans le troisième millénaire.
Liberalism versus Communitarianism and Canada’s Constitutional Conundrum
Authors: Telford Hamish
Published: January 2017

This paper argues that efforts to resolve Canada’s constitutional conundrum with the distinct society clause, or unique character clause, are likely to fail because the legal recognition of Quebec’s distinctiveness and the entrenchment of collective rights is inimical to the liberal understanding of equality held by many Canadians outside the province of Quebec. The paper suggests, however, that the aspirations of Quebec could be realised within a framework of federalism, if Canadians outside Quebec are prepared to accept a classical form of federalism as a system of government with legally divided sovereignty.
“Don’t Let Your Girlfriends Ruin Your Marriage”: Lesbian Imagery in Chatelaine Magazine, 1950-1969
Authors: Korinek Valerie J.
Published: January 2017

Maclean’s has been valorised for its decision to publish articles on homosexuality in the 1960s, but Chatelaine’s foray into lesbian material has been neglected. The historiography of lesbian history for those decades points to bar culture, friendship networks and, less frequently, pulp novels as ways in which lesbians discovered themselves and each other. This work challenges that presumption and proves that this mainstream women’s magazine contained not only traditional images of heterosexual wives and mothers but also of lesbians. “Girlfriends” examines the micropractice of reading a mass-market women’s magazine from a queer perspective.
Giving the Sickness a Name: Reading Timothy Findley’s Headhunter and Walker Percy’s The Thanatos Syndrome as Diagnostic Fictions
Authors: Bull Jeoffrey S.
Published: January 2017

As examples of what Walker Percy calls “diagnostic fiction,” both Headhunter and The Thanatos Syndrome trace contemporary discontents back to a growing disconnection from purpose and justice. Both books use the interactions of psychiatrists and their patients to illustrate how modern civilization’s sickness can be spread or fought, and both authors prophesy against those who promote this sickness through their longing for power. While “addicts of desire” such as Findley’s Dr Kurtz and Percy’s Dr Comeaux are finally defeated by true "physician[s] of the soul” such as Dr Marlow and Dr More, both novels end by reminding readers that anomie and nihilism still afflict this civilization.
“What is there left to say?”: Speech and Silence in Timothy Findley’s Dinner Along the Amazon
Authors: Sanderson Heather
Published: January 2017

The stories in Dinner Along the Amazon reveal the importance in Timothy Findley’s fiction of his experience as an actor and a dramatist One of the key dramatic techniques he employs is the representation of the speaking or silent voice to develop character and dramatic situation. This essay examines the centrality of speech and the difficulties of articulation in a number of the early stories before undertaking an extended analysis of “Losers, Finders, Strangers at the Door,” a story that Findley has also written as a play and that illustrates the closeness of drama and fiction in his writing. Employing the motif of performance, the story depicts the first meeting of two characters, a wife and a young man, brought together by a third, the husband, who never appears. Unable to speak directly, the characters enact their negotiation by telling stories that shed light on their situation. The dramatic quality is enhanced by the stage directions, by a character who speaks in several voices and by the blurring of distinctions between voices and thoughts. Thus, Findley draws upon the techniques of writing for the theatre to explore the interrelations of gender, power and performance in an intense and dramatic short story.
“The Pecker Detectors are Back”: Regulation of the Family Form in Ontario Welfare Policy
Authors: Little Margaret Hillyard , Morrison Ian
Published: January 2017

[The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors only and do not represent the opinions of the Ontario Legal Aid Plan.]

How do we understand the state's need to police the social and sexual lives of single mothers? To what extent has this policy changed over time in its regulation of single mothers' relationships? This paper explains how the state determines who is and who is not worthy for Mothers' Allowance based on a mother's associations with men — and how this has been contested by those subject to it. Following a brief historical examination of the policy's determination of moral worthiness, we pay particular attention to a 1995 change to the definition of "spouse" in the social assistance system, which has meant a return to the practice of intense surveillance of poor mothers' relationships and contacts with men, after an eight-year period in which the state withdrew somewhat — although never entirely - from this scrutiny. Thoses who police these relationships have been nicknamed the "Pecker Detectors." The paper concludes that low-income single mothers have become a target for moral scrutiny and blame in the 1990s. This not only impacts upon single mothers on welfare but it affects all women. Condemning single mothers to abject poverty and moral scrutiny deters other women from leaving unhappy or abusive relationships, impeding the ability of all women to become full and equal citizens in Ontario society.
“Less, Worse and More Expensive: Childcare in an Era of Deficit Reduction”
Authors: Prentice Susan
Published: January 2017

Despite the enormous need of children, mothers, families and employers for childcare, its provision is worsening in Canada in the 1990s. Although more is known about the positive impacts of high quality early childhood care and education on child development than ever before, few children have access to high quality early childhood care. Although women's increasing participation in paid work means there is a greater need for non-family care, childcare service expansion is stalling. Childcare is one of the earliest casualties of a rapidly restructuring Canadian welfare state. This article considers the past and current place of childcare, highlighting what is happening in the 1990s and showing how childcare arrangements illuminate the assumptions of the Canadian welfare state. It argues that women's equality is compromised when services for children are treated as either a private family responsibility or a matter for the market. Citizenship and entitlement are circumscribed when childcare needs are delegated to such arrangements.
Untangling Love and Domination: Challenges of Home Care for the Elderly in a Reconstructing Canada
Authors: McDaniel Susan A.
Published: January 2017

The conceptual and policy challenges of caring are complex in the multiple and shifting contexts of increased corporatism, cracks that have become canyons in health care and social services, shifting attitudes towards entitlements and obligations in society and in families, and shifts in Canada's policy stances on caring as its post-war welfare state apparatus is rapidly dismantled. Concerns about care, who provides it and under what models, are central to the reconstruction project in which Canada is presently engaged as the central tenets on which collective and individual care and caring were built, are transformed. The task of this paper is to examine the challenges, specifically in home care for the frail elderly, along three interwoven dimensions: 1) Canada's approaches and presumptions as seen through comparisons with select other similar countries; 2) various models of home-based care in relation to social interactions, exchanges and identity construction in gender contexts; and 3) unanswered questions about caring for frail elders that frame a new typology for home care analyses. The proposed typology looks at rights and obligations of caregivers and care-receivers in both public and private realms, dependency and risks, commodification and familization of care, and changes in demographic and generational contexts.
The Profligate Province: Roderick Haig-Brown and the Modernizing of British Columbia
Authors: Keeling Arn , McDonald Robert
Published: January 2017

After the Second World War, British Columbia experienced a period of rapid expansion and modernization, when politicians and the public alike brimmed with optimism about the prosperity and luxury to be harvested from the province’s bountiful resource hinterland. Amidst the panegyrical promise of development, few voices, either left or right, questioned the ideology of progress, and historians intrinsically link the period with capitalist growth and modernization. By contrast, the British-born popular writer, magistrate and conservationist Roderick Haig-Brown articulated a different vision of British Columbia, one that questioned the modernist project in its cultural and physical manifestations. Haig-Brown was not an anti-modemist, but his critique, particularly through his conservation messages, promoted the values of civility, tolerance and respect for community and nature. The configuration of modern ideas in the thought of Haig-Brown tempers the notion of a hegemonic, universal modernity and supports the idea of “multiple modernities.”
Memory into History: Personal Documents for an Age of Franco-Ontarian Reculturation
Authors: Léger Marc James
Published: January 2017

Examining how language has functioned in the construction of Franco-Ontarian identities since the late 1960s, the essay addresses the place of subjectivity and the personal in the always changing and incomplete production of historiographic consciousness. Through theoretical work on memory, the author explores how personal objects from a family collection inform the cultural history of Franco-Ontarians. Feminist and postcolonial theories are engaged in the challenge to the received dichotomy of memory and history.
Singerian Vegetarianism and the Limits of Utilitarianism: A path towards a Meaning Ethics
Authors: Quiñones Gabriel Vidal
Published: January 2017

Correction: On 10th January 2017 the first author's name was changed  from Gabriel Vidal Vidal Quiñones TO Gabriel Vidal Quiñones on the website. The PDF was correct.The advent of the technological era put us in a radically different position against nature, because the whole biosphere can now be affected by our actions. Therefore, even though non-humans always had moral significance, only recently we start to realize their importance. So, we recognize them as morally significant much more than before. This brings a renewal to, and makes more patent than ever, the discussion over vegetarianism, since it challenges our view on the relation between human beings and other sentient beings. In Utilitarianism and Vegetarianism, Peter Singer tries to answer the question through the conceptual resources of utilitarianism. In contrast, we shall try to show that the issue of vegetarianism can start to be solved better in an ethical consideration that transcends the merely prescriptive.
Partial Purification of Alkaline Protease as Thrombolytic Agent from Mutant Strain Bacillus licheniformis EMS250-O-1
Authors: Zaman Md Asad Uz , Mamun Md Arafat Al , Khan Shakila Nargis , Hoq Md Mozammel , Mazid Md Abdul
Published: January 2017

Thrombosis leads to myocardial infarction, stroke and other cardiovascular complications. Microbial thrombolytic agents such as urokinase, streptokinase etc. are used to treat complications related to thrombosis. To search for new microbial enzymes as thrombolytics having better efficacy and specificity, Bacillus licheniformis EMS-O-1 mutant strain was cultured in modified urea-molasses media followed by purification using ammonium sulphate precipitation and ultrafiltration through centricon tube of 100 MWCO value. The yield of crude enzyme was 11129.14 U/mg and after purification 40180.46 U/mg. Purification process increased the specific activity of purified enzyme to 12.28 fold with a recovery of 17.79%. The purified enzyme was a serine protease with molecular weight of 25.5 kDa as confirmed by irreversible inhibition of activity with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) followed by SDS-PAGE gel image and by LC-MS analyses. In vitro clot lysis assay of the purified enzyme exhibited 38.30% thrombolytic activity. The crude enzymes from the mutant strain EMS-O-1 were found to be stable up to 50oC and showed maximum stability between pH range 7.5 to 8.5. These findings signify that proteases produced by B. licheniformis mutant have the potential to be developed as a viable thrombolytic agent.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 15(2): 135-141, 2016 (December)
7-Methoxy-8-Prenylated Coumarins from Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng.
Authors: Hossain Md Mubarak , Tahia Faiza , Mansur Md Abdullah Al , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: January 2017

Four coumarin derivatives were isolated from the methanol extract of stem bark of Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng. Extensive spectroscopic studies, including high field NMR analyses allowed to identify these compounds as meranzin hydrate (1), epoxyosthol (2), isomeranzin (3) and murracarpin (4). The identity of the compounds was confirmed by comparison with published data as well as co-TLC with authentic samples. This is the first report of occurrence of meranzin hydrate (1), epoxyosthol (2) and isomeranzin (3) from M. koenigii.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 15(2): 155-159, 2016 (December)
Bioactivities and Chemical Profiling of Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir. Leaves Growing in Bangladesh
Authors: Laboni Farhina Rahman , Karim Samira , Uddin Jalal , Labu Zubair Khalid
Published: January 2017

The ethanolic extract of leaves of Sesbania grandiflora and their organic and aqueous soluble partitioning substances were evaluated for thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing potentials in vitro. In thrombolytic assay, among all partitionates, the ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed highest percent of clot lysis (59.57%) as compared to 69.23% and 3.07% exhibited by the standard streptokinase and water (negative control), respectively. With respect to the membrane stabilizing activity, ethyl acetate soluble fractions of S. grandiflora also profoundly inhibited the hemolysis of erythrocytes induced by osmosis (64.30 ± 0.64%) and heat (57.21 ± 0.69%), respectively. In contrast, standard acetyl salicylic acid resulted in 70.12 ± 26% inhibition of osmotically-induced hemolysis and slightly higher level of protection against heat-induced hemolysis (73.90 ± 0.29%). The ethanol extract of leaves of S. grandiflora revealed significant percentage of thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 15(2): 173-176, 2016 (December)
Antibiotic Resistance, Plasmids and Integron Profile of Salmonella Species Isolated from Poultry Farm and Patients
Authors: Begum Kohinur , Mannan Sultana Juhara , Ahmed Aliza
Published: January 2017

A total of ten selected strains of Salmonella species, five from the environment of poultry farm and five from patients were included in this study. All strains were isolated and identified by using selective media, standard biochemical and serological tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by disc diffusion method using twelve commercial antibiotic discs of aztreonam, ceftriaxone, kanamycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, erythromycin, cephalexin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid. Plasmid profile and integron gene detection were conducted by Kado-Liu method and PCR, respectively. Only aztreonam, ceftriaxone, kanamycin and gentamycin were shown to be inhibitory to all strains. However, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, amoxicilin, erythromycin, cephalexin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid revealed different degrees of resistance pattern against environmental and clinical strains. Analysis of plasmid demonstrated that three environmental strains contained both plasmids of 140 Mda and 62 Mda. On the other hand, another three strains, one environmental and two clinical isolate only contained 140 Mda plasmid. All the plasmid containing strains (140 Mda and 62 Mda) exhibited same type of drug resistance pattern, whereas strains containing the 140 Mda plasmid only did not show similar type of resistance pattern. Therefore, no correlation was found between plasmid containing strains and drug resistance. Four environmental strains were also found to be positive for the class I integron and one clinical isolated was positive for class I integron gene conferring resistance to common antibiotics. However, none of the strains were found to contain class II integron. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that both environmental and clinical strains contain both large to middle size plasmids and integron I but not integron II. The plasmid and integron I containing strains experienced resistance to different antibiotics, used in the experiments.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 15(2): 209-214, 2016 (December)
Design and Development of Bi-layered Sustained Release Azithromycin Tablets
Authors: Islam Muhammad Rashedul , Moghal Md Mizanur Rahman , Bari FM Shah Noman Ul , Mamun Elias Al
Published: January 2017

The objective of the current study was to develop a bilayer tablet of Azithromycin containing both immediate and sustained layer and evaluate the effect of formulation variables on drug release. Thirty different formulations (F-1 to F-30) were prepared by direct compression. When the fraction of polymer was increased from 5.55% to 10%, the rate of drug release was found to be slower. Maximum release of Azithromycin was from F-11 (within 8 hours), which contained 50 mg (5.55%) of HPMC 50 cps. Slowest release was observed from F-30 containing 90 mg (10%) of Carbopol 974 P. The IR spectral analysis revealed that all rate regarding agents and excipients used in this study are compatible with the active Azithromycin.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 15(2): 227-234, 2016 (December)
Preliminary In vitro Investigation of Antioxidant Potential of Ultra Short Acting Arylcarbamoyloxy-aminopropanols Containing N-Phenylpiperazine Moiety
Authors: Stanzel Lukas , Malik Ivan , Mokry Petr
Published: January 2017

Abstract not availableDhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 15(2): 235-239, 2016 (December)
The Current Status, Problems, and Prospects of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Breeding in China
Authors: Shi Shangli , Nan Lili , Smith Kevin
Published: January 2017

This paper reviews the current status, methodology, achievements, and prospects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) breeding in China. There are 77 cultivars that have been registered in the country, these include 36 cultivars bred through breeding programs, 17 introduced from overseas, 5 domesticated from wild ecotypes, and 19 through regional collection/breeding programs. Cultivars have been selected for cold resistance, disease resistance, salt tolerance, grazing tolerance, high yield, and early maturity. Most of these cultivars have been developed through conventional breeding techniques, such as selective and cross breeding, and some are now being evaluated that have been developed through the application of transgenic technology. The major problems for alfalfa breeding in China include low success rate, slow progress to breed resistant varieties, lack of breeding materials and their systematic collection, storage and evaluation, lack of advanced breeding techniques, and low adoption rate of new cultivars. There are gaps in alfalfa breeding between China and the developed world. Improvement of alfalfa breeding techniques, development of cultivars with adaptations to different regions within China, and the protection and utilization of alfalfa germplasm resources have been identified as major strategies to improve the efficiency of alfalfa breeding in China.
Characterization of Positive Cloud to Ground Flashes Observed in Indonesia
Authors: Hazmi Ariadi , Emeraldi Primas , Hamid Muhammad , Takagi Nobuyuki , Wang Daohong
Published: January 2017

The characteristics of 77 electric field changes of positive cloud to ground (CG) flashes in the tropics of Indonesia were investigated. It was found that the arithmetic mean (AM) and geometric mean (GM) values for 0%–100% and 10%–90% rise time were 12.7 μs, 11.9 μs and 6.1 μs, 5.8 μs, respectively. The percentages of single, double, and triple strokes of lightning flashes were 83% (64 cases), 16% (12 cases), and 1% (1 case), respectively. The AM and GM of the interstroke intervals and the return stroke (RS) amplitude ratios were 163.9 ms, 0.29, and 13.3 ms, 0.26, respectively. Furthermore, it was also found that 7 (9%) of 77 positive CG flashes had double peak return stroke waveforms with AM and GM values for 0%–100% and 10%–90% rise time of subsequent return strokes that were 6.7 μs, 6.4 μs and 4.1 μs, 4 μs, respectively. We inferred that these double peaks are produced by two ground terminations with a time interval varying from 7 to 560 μs.
DNA Methylation Targeting: The DNMT/HMT Crosstalk Challenge
Authors: Castillo-Aguilera Omar , Depreux Patrick , Halby Ludovic , Arimondo Paola , Goossens Laurence
Published: January 2017

Chromatin can adopt a decondensed state linked to gene transcription (euchromatin) and a condensed state linked to transcriptional repression (heterochromatin). These states are controlled by epigenetic modulators that are active on either the DNA or the histones and are tightly associated to each other. Methylation of both DNA and histones is involved in either the activation or silencing of genes and their crosstalk. Since DNA/histone methylation patterns are altered in cancers, molecules that target these modifications are interesting therapeutic tools. We present herein a vast panel of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors classified according to their mechanism, as well as selected histone methyltransferase inhibitors sharing a common mode of action.
Design and Development of Non-Contact Bio-Potential Electrodes for Pervasive Health Monitoring Applications
Authors: Portelli Anthony , Nasuto Slawomir
Published: January 2017

For the advent of pervasive bio-potential monitoring, it will be necessary to utilize a combination of cheap, quick to apply, low-noise electrodes and compact electronics with wireless technologies. Once available, all electrical activity resulting from the processes of the human body could be actively and constantly monitored without the need for cumbersome application and maintenance. This could significantly improve the early diagnosis of a range of different conditions in high-risk individuals, opening the possibility for new treatments and interventions as conditions develop. This paper presents the design and implementation of compact, non-contact capacitive bio-potential electrodes utilising a low impedance current-to-voltage configuration and a bootstrapped voltage follower, demonstrating results applicable to research applications for capacitive electrocardiography and capacitive electromyography. The presented electrodes use few components, have a small surface area and are capable of acquiring a range of bio-potential signals.
The Distribution and Strength of Brönsted Acid Sites on the Multi-Aluminum Model of FER Zeolite: A Theoretical Study
Authors: He Miao , Zhang Jie , Liu Rui , Sun Xiuliang , Chen Biaohua
Published: January 2017

One of the fundamental issues in catalysis is to identify the catalytic active site. Due to its prominent pore topology and acidity, ferrierite (FER) zeolite has attracted extensive interest in various catalytic reactions such as isomerization of butenes. However knowledge on the active Brönsted acid site is still absent. In the present study, we perform extensive density functional theory calculations to explore the distribution and strength of the Brönsted acid sites and their potential catalytic activity for the double-bond isomerization of 1-butene to 2-butene. We employ a two-layered ONIOM scheme (our Own N-layered Integrated molecular Orbital + molecular Mechanics) to describe the structure and energetic properties of FER zeolite. We find that the hydrogen bond could improve the stability of Brönsted acid sites effectively, and, as a result, Al4-O6-Si2 and Al4-O-(SiO)2-Al4 are the most stable sites for 1-Al substitution and 2-Al substitution, respectively. We further find that the Brönsted acid strength tends to decrease with the increase of Al contents and increase when the distance between the Al atoms is increased in 2-Al substitution. Finally it is demonstrated that the strength of acid sites determines the catalytic activity for the double bond isomerization of 1-butene to 2-butene.
An SVM Framework for Malignant Melanoma Detection Based on Optimized HOG Features
Authors: Bakheet Samy
Published: January 2017

Early detection of skin cancer through improved techniques and innovative technologies has the greatest potential for significantly reducing both morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. In this paper, an effective framework of a CAD (Computer-Aided Diagnosis) system for melanoma skin cancer is developed mainly by application of an SVM (Support Vector Machine) model on an optimized set of HOG (Histogram of Oriented Gradient) based descriptors of skin lesions. Experimental results obtained by applying the presented methodology on a large, publicly accessible dataset of dermoscopy images demonstrate that the proposed framework is a strong contender for the state-of-the-art alternatives by achieving high levels of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (98.21%, 96.43% and 97.32%, respectively), without sacrificing computational soundness.
From Rate Measurements to Mechanistic Data for Condensed Matter Reactions: A Case Study Using the Crystallization of [Zn(OH2)6][ZnCl4]
Authors: Hillis Berkley , Losey Bradley , Weng James , Ghaleb Nezar , Hou Feier , Martin James
Published: January 2017

The kinetics of crystallization of the R = 3 hydrate of zinc chloride, [Zn(OH2)6][ZnCl4], is measured by time-resolved synchrotron x-ray diffraction, time-resolved neutron diffraction, and by differential scanning calorimetry. It is shown that analysis of the rate data using the classic Kolmogorov, Johnson, Mehl, Avrami (KJMA) kinetic model affords radically different rate constants for equivalent reaction conditions. Reintroducing the amount of sample measured by each method into the kinetic model, using our recently developed modified-KJMA model (M-KJMA), it is shown that each of these diverse rate measurement techniques can give the intrinsic, material specific rate constant, the velocity of the phase boundary, vpb. These data are then compared to the velocity of the crystallization front directly measured optically. The time-resolved diffraction methods uniquely monitor the loss of the liquid reactant and formation of the crystalline product demonstrating that the crystallization of this hydrate phase proceeds through no intermediate phases. The temperature dependent vpb data are then well fit to transition zone theory to extract activation parameters. These demonstrate that the rate-limiting component to this crystallization reaction is the ordering of the waters (or protons) of hydration into restricted positions of the crystalline lattice resulting in large negative entropy of activation.