bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The legal nature of airport slots
Authors: Uva Rita Sousa
Published: July 2024

Slots are defined by EC Regulation 95/93, as amended by Regulation 793/2004. However, this definition does not address the nature of rights and obligations comprised in a slot. The current EC slot allocation regime has incorporated customary IATA rules into the force of law, establishing a binding legal regime without defining preconditions for the regime. Such conditions pertain to defining the legal nature of slots, determining the nature of rights comprised in the slot, and clarifying the rules on slot exchanges and transfers involving monetary consideration. This paper will start by recalling slot allocation procedures in the EU, as they result from Regulation 95/93 — both in its original drafting and in the present version of Regulation 793/2004. It will provide a brief on the rules created by the industry under the IATA Worldwide Scheduling Guidelines, before discussing the definition of a slot and the legal consequences of this with respect to Regulation 793/2004. The case for ownership of slots will also be discussed, based on the arguments of the basic actors in this issue, namely airports and airlines. After a discussion and critical analysis of the outlined topics, the paper will finish with concluding remarks.
Capital for concentrated credit portfolios
Authors: Kupiec Paul
Published: July 2024

Most credit portfolios contain obligor concentration risk and yet international bank regulatory capital rules and many industry models assume perfect diversification. Multiple methods are available to calculate the approximate capital needs of a concentrated credit portfolio, but many of these involve advanced mathematical arguments and substantial computation time, and fail to clearly identify the most important credits causing concentration risk. In this paper, the author illustrates three approaches for calculating loss distributions and value-at-risk capital requirements. The large exposure approach is especially easy to implement, produces accurate estimates of the economic capital required for a concentrated portfolio and immediately identifies the obligors most responsible for generating concentration risk.
Healthcare cyber security and HIPAA assurance with business associates
Authors: Ahlstrom Janice , Tait Christopher , Zoline Kenneth
Published: July 2024

The paper first summaries how the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations have evolved over the past twenty years and the multitude of cyber security threats faced by the healthcare industry. Secondly, it reviews the HIPAA responsibilities, liabilities and lack of clarity for covered entities and their business associates in providing one another assurance of compliance. Thirdly, it seeks to illuminate the state of HIPAA compliance in today’s healthcare landscape and finally explains the current industry approaches to HIPAA assurance and their perceived value.
Finance transformation for healthcare: A structured model
Authors: Tan Harold
Published: July 2024

With rising healthcare costs, payers are transforming the way they pay healthcare providers. Currently, there is much interest in value-based financing and accountable care models. Finance transformation in healthcare, however, goes beyond changing funding models. The way funds flow to providers and the way patients share healthcare costs also need to be transformed to ensure an overall sustainable value-based financing system. A structured model of finance transformation in healthcare is proposed in this paper, supported by evidential review, which discusses several fundamental and critical factors affecting finance transformation and explores some strategies that could help sustain the new financing models. Hopefully, this model can serve as a useful guide to healthcare systems embarking on finance transformation for long-term cost sustainability.
Measuring investor sentiment and behaviour to gauge financial risk
Authors: Rannou Yves
Published: July 2024

Whether financial markets are governed by rational forces or emotional responses has long been debated. The spectacular rise of commodity futures prices and the current plunge in value stocks have intensified the debate, highlighting that implied volatility is not an accurate measure of market risk. Asset managers traditionally assume irrational investor behaviour when creating and administering portfolios but this is hindered by a lack of diagnostic tools. In particular, they are unable to adapt to emotional and moderate cognitive biases at high wealth levels to modify investor behaviour at lower wealth levels. Henceforth, practitioners should rely on specific quantitative guidelines when modifying asset allocations to account for biased behaviour. As a result, specific quantitative guidelines must be followed when modifying asset allocations to account for biased behaviour. This paper proposes a framework for better understanding how behavioural finance can be associated with a classical approach in many areas of investing, including valuation. The paper will discuss key behavioural phenomena, notably market sentiment and noise trading, integrated as parameters in a new quantitative risk–return calculation. This comprehensive model will suggest acceptable discretionary distances from the mean–variance output for determining the best practical allocation. Finally, the paper compares the returns of so-called ‘behavioural mean–variance portfolios’ with those of traditional mean–variance-efficient portfolios.
Content marketing at AbbVie
Authors: Barston Suzanne , Boix Javier , Hoff Elizabeth , Pajak Rebekah
Published: July 2024

Content marketing is rapidly taking centre stage, standing out from the crowd formed by other types of advertising and marketing. However, building a content operation from scratch is a daunting endeavour. A lot of groundwork needs to happen before achieving value, relevance and consistency. And while content is an important pillar in this building journey, culture and process are equally essential pillars. Content is what internal and external audiences see and hopefully engage with; culture is what is necessary to address internally, across the organisation, to ensure adoption of content efforts; and process is what keeps a team on track and in full alignment with the company’s business priorities, enabling ongoing insight generation to ensure relevance. Driving profitable customer action is understandably a broad statement that needs to be tailored according to each industry’s particularities. The highly regulated nature of biopharmaceuticals and the global reach of multinational companies like AbbVie heavily determine the ultimate goal of AbbVie’s content operation: increasing the company’s valuation and reputation. As one navigates through the challenges of building a solid, sustainable and strategic content operation, the order of the aforementioned three pillars (culture, process and content) matters, and, surprisingly enough, content does not come first.
Ueber-Branding: How modern prestige brands create meaning through mission and myth - Part 1
Authors: Kuehlwein Jp , Schaefer Wolf
Published: July 2024

In this two-part series, we examine how some companies succeed in making us willing to pay a significant premium over the average offering in the category. These modern prestige brands — we call them Ueber-Brands — go beyond traditional luxury marketing strategies like exclusivity, provenance or precious materials to climb in our esteem and make us want them. They redefine their category and set new standards or even embrace and live ideals we aspire to and create meaning beyond the material. In Part 2, we will talk about how they wrap their ideas in mythical storytelling to seduce us, rather than needing to sell.
Dilapidations claims at lease end: Sunlife Europe Properties Limited and Tiger Aspect Holdings Limited and Tiger Television Limited [2013] EWHC 463 (TCC)
Authors: Mahony Chris
Published: July 2024

In the context of dilapidations, The Honourable Mr Justice Edwards-Stuart provides a clear and logical resume of how he dealt with the claim for damages at the end of a commercial lease in respect of this case. Dilapidations claims at lease end are dealt with by way of damages. Damages in the context of dilapidations are the method by which one party, usually the landlord, is compensated, for the failings of the tenant. Failings typically occur in several ways, including among others, a failure to leave the property in repair, a failure to decorate, a failure to comply with certain legal requirements, or a failure to remove any works of alteration the tenant has themselves undertaken. Typically, a claim for damages will involve multiple claims. In addition to this, the landlord may have suffered further losses, such as his costs to employ surveyors, solicitors or other specialists, loss of income in the form of rent or insurance, or other costs associated with the property being empty as a result of the tenant's failure to return the property as it should have been. In addition, if the landlord is unable to recover any VAT associated with the above costs, VAT may also be recoverable from the tenant.
Adapting advertising appeals to individualism or collectivism: The role of thought activation
Authors: Janssen Anne , Hornikx Jos
Published: July 2024

Research into international advertising has shown culturally adapted value appeals to be more persuasive and better liked than non-adapted value appeals, especially when they appeal to the individualism–collectivism dimension. The exception to this observation is in Europe, where, despite significant cultural differences across the continent, such effects have not been identified. This study replicates the material from a previous, highly successful study, and adds a qualitative part to the study. Dutch participants completed a cognitive response task, placed either before or after the main dependent measures, to investigate whether inviting participants to think actively about an advertisement may lead to value activation and consequently to cultural value adaptation effects. The results indicate that cultural value adaptation has no effect on liking or persuasion, even when the cognitive response task occurred before the main dependent measures. This study adds to a growing body of literature indicating that Western Europeans do not consider advertisements adapted to the individualism–collectivism dimension to be more persuasive than non-adapted advertisements; likewise, Western Europeans do not prefer them over non-adapted advertisements.
Audiovisual piracy in the football industry
Authors: Rotger Juan J.
Published: July 2024

Audiovisual rights in the sports sector require effective and rapid protection as their value lies in live transmission. This paper discusses digital piracy at the global level, using practical examples from LaLiga — the private sports association responsible for organising professional football competitions in Spain. Giving special mention to Spanish law, the author explores the legal concepts surrounding this issue. This paper also describes key technological aspects of the problem in order to help readers understand how certain technologies and illegal platforms work.
Converting analytics into management actions
Authors: Wills Steve , Wycherley James
Published: July 2024

This is a world where many resources are becoming depleted. Few resources are growing, and only one is growing exponentially: information. All information has potential value — but only if it is used. Simply producing more analysis, whatever the quality, will only make life harder for decision makers. What is needed is an approach to the management of insight that ensures it has the greatest impact. Instead of simply servicing demand, it is time to start thinking in terms of how insight and information can and should create value, and then develop a strategy, not just for generating that insight, but working with decision makers, communicating the insight and supporting the decision-making processes so that the insight actually gets used. This article argues that to maximise value from insight, senior management must address eight key issues.
Optimising content beyond the checklist: Leveraging Google’s expertise–authoritativeness– trustworthiness principle for search engine optimisation
Authors: Fellinger Lisa , Fronimaki Despina
Published: July 2024

Since 2019, Google’s algorithm has increasingly focused on content. For some websites, this has resulted in fluctuations in organic visibility following algorithm updates, with some reportedly losing as much as 80 per cent of their organic visibility. This serves to underscore the fundamental importance of content quality. This paper examines the importance of Google’s ‘expertise, authoritativeness and trustworthiness’ principle, and presents some of the levers for optimising according to it.
Automating an operational resilience programme: An approach to readiness
Authors: Haenen Marzia
Published: July 2024

The decision to automate any part of a resilience programme may be straightforward, but translating that decision into a successful software selection and implementation demands complete, detailed scoping and a commitment to a culture of ongoing change and improvement. This paper provides an approach to the design of supporting reporting and data frameworks and models, up to the point of requests for information or proposal. It also provides suggestions on embedding an ongoing change process, and guidance and watch-points at each stage. This should in turn ensure that software selection is informed and successful, and that subsequent change is managed successfully.
DAM as a brand ambassador: How digital asset management can be a strong ally of brand strategy
Authors: Burns Kristin
Published: July 2024

Using real-world examples, this paper highlights how digital asset management (DAM) works as a brand ambassador in the old-fashioned, diplomatic sense of the word. The paper explains how DAM can smooth over the friction that change brings by making life easier for designers, external partners and other users. As this paper shows, using brand-driven DAM to curate assets can help users make the right choices and focus on common goals.
Emerging trends in securities services and how Deutsche Bank is responding to them
Authors: Singh Satvinder
Published: July 2024

Amidst unprecedented regulatory change, uncertain macro environments and
digitisation, the seismic shift in the securities industry should create
opportunities and efficiencies for individual organisations as well as the
industry as a whole. The change is forcing clients to revaluate their needs
and business models, which is leading to new conversations with services
providers such as Deutsche Bank about partnerships that would best suit those
new needs and business models. Therefore collaboration is the end game and
while service providers are also adjusting to the new norm, the seismic shift
has led our organisation to adopt a more client centric approach, by
listening to what clients need and engaging in conversations about how we can
help. With this approach clients have selected the solutions that best meet
their needs and that help them to navigate the changes. Deutsche Bank is
working with them on multi-market end-to-end solutions which accommodate
their goals. We are responding to clients’ needs by leveraging multiple areas
of the bank to provide seamless solutions. At the same time, as Global
Transaction Banking grows from strength to strength, the division is
responding to industry trends such as blockchain and digitisation and their
potential to transform financial services.
Managing the risk of ethical misconduct disasters as a business continuity strategy
Authors: Chandler Robert C.
Published: July 2024

Ethics scandals and employee misconduct disasters can be devastating. Such scandals can disrupt or destroy even the largest companies. It is important to manage the risks for corporate integrity as a business continuity threat. Lapses in business and organisational ethics, scandals and changes in legal requirements create an opportunity for organisational communication scholars to utilise their skills and tools to ascertain the underlying organisational integrity and the nature of communication ethics in organisations. This paper advances a new interdisciplinary model for the assessment of indicators of organisational integrity in both public and internal organisational communication. The Communication Indicators of Organisational Integrity Model is proposed as a conceptual framework for the investigation of ethical organisational communication and communication as an indicator of the ethics of organisations. The model is a research approach that provides description, analysis, illumination and critiques of communication to reveal integrity and ethics in the organisation. When combined with other valid and reliable measures, these indicators should provide a key insight into an organisation’s ethical nature and integrity characteristics.
Digital strategy for wealth managers: The path to innovation
Authors: Lupato Giulia
Published: July 2024

Technology is becoming part of everyday life, including the way we interact with financial services. With customers becoming more and more accustomed to the availability of digital services, these are becoming not just a ‘nice to have’, but a ‘must have’ for businesses who want to future-proof their activities. The wealth management sector is no exception to this general trend. However, traditional wealth managers still seem reluctant to embrace digital technology in its many facets. Why is that, and what is available to wealth managers who do decide to innovate? This paper analyses the reasons wealth managers should adopt a digital strategy, and offers an outline of what support initiatives are available, as well as an overview into present and future technologies that are or will be available to wealth managers.
Partnerships in mobile financial services: The case of Morocco
Authors: Sanz Francesc Prior , Abdelmoumni Fouad
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to show that business models based on prepaid electronic payments systems and cellular technology can address in Morocco the problem of lack of access to financial services observed in the vast majority of developing countries. The proposed solution assumes that the lack of access to financial services is primarily a supply-based problem. The business models used by financial institutions operating in developing and transition economies are inadequate and inefficient and thus cannot serve low-income segments profitably. Indeed, financial services are too expensive; financial institutions networks are not dense enough; credit risk analysis methodologies are inappropriate; and the regulatory framework is not adapted to circumstances. These problems have to be addressed with business models that distribute low-cost financial services, and thus increase competition in the sector, using prepaid platforms and agents. On the other hand, the low efficiency of the current risk analysis methodologies needs to be addressed, creating new institutional and methodological processes that include the informal economy. In this paper, the development of a broader financial service offering has been reviewed, on the basis of electronic money and mobile phone services through bank partnerships, or through the creation of an internal solution in partnership with an information service provider in Morocco. In order to do so, textbook methodology analysing two scenarios was followed: the partnership between the Fondation de la Banque Populaire pour le Microcrédit (FBPMC) with Banque Populaire, and the development of an Al Amana solution in partnership with an information service provider as well as other financial and non-financial companies. It was concluded that partnerships based on mobile financial services are a real opportunity for large microfinance institutions (MFIs), whether transformed or not, as they can serve new customers and broaden service offerings, thereby achieving economies of scale and greater risk diversification.
The fight within encryption
Authors: Basu Sammy
Published: July 2024

Powered by rapid growth in hardware capabilities and easy availability of encryption technologies, network traffic is entering a phase of ‘encrypt everything’. Encryption protects network traffic from interception by intruders. It also renders the traffic unintelligible to Infosec teams, who are hindered by the inability to detect and distinguish the good traffic from the evil. In recent times we have witnessed a sharp spike in encrypted malware attacks. Do technical security problems have straightforward technical solutions? ‘It depends’, as the seasoned security professional would say. This paper discusses the various types of encrypted attacks along with the legal and ethical aspect of the proposed technical solutions.
Sustaining television news archives
Authors: Anderson Clifford B. , Duran Jim
Published: July 2024

This paper reports on the findings of a sustainability study of television news archives conducted in 2018. After reviewing the history of the Vanderbilt Television News Archive, the paper discusses the questions raised by the sustainability project. What are the legal, economic, and technical issues that archivists need to consider when preserving television news, making their collections accessible to the public, and allowing researchers to explore their holdings through emerging technologies like data and text mining? The second half of the paper considers ways that nonprofit television news archives might collaborate more closely. While sharing and aggregating standardised metadata would constitute a promising step toward that goal, the paper highlights three other potential avenues of coordination. First, the legal basis for data mining nonprofit video archives should be clarified in order to meet the growing demand among researchers for this mode of computational inquiry. Second, on a technical level, broader adoption of descriptive metadata with full-text transcriptions would make it easier to analyse collections with machine learning and artificial intelligence. Finally, the sustainability of nonprofit television news archiving over the longterm requires acknowledgment and accommodation of the diversity of publics that these archives serve as well as of their distinctive financial models.
The new EU guidelines on state aid to airports and airlines
Authors: Lepièce Annabelle
Published: July 2024

In February 2014, the European Commission adopted its new guidelines on state aid to airports and airlines. They provide guidance for all public funding in favour of airports and airlines, and they detail the conditions needed for the Commission’s authorisation for investment and operating aid for airports and start-up aid to airlines. A week earlier, it had ordered Gdynia airport reimburse EUR 20 million illegal aid it had received and many pending investigations are due to be finalised in the coming months. Airports and airlines can no longer ignore these European constraints when they benefit from a public intervention, for instance a subsidy for a new infrastructure, repayable advances to cover operational losses, rebates on airport charges or handling fees, and marketing incentives. This article seeks to present the framework applying to this public funding.
The importance of the analytic approach to the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure in the study of Hispanic media behaviour
Authors: Villarreal Ricardo , A. Blozis Shelley
Published: July 2024

Ethnic identity has been instrumental in understanding individual differences in consumer behaviour. The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) is a theoretically based instrument that is frequently used in cultural consumer behaviour research. The manner in which the MEIM has been used in research has varied across studies. Identifying the most appropriate use of the MEIM is essential to understanding the role of ethnic identity in cultural consumer behaviour. This study compares three ways of handling responses to the MEIM to assess their impact on the estimated relationships between ethnic identity and Hispanic consumer behaviours. The first is the most common approach in which all item responses on the MEIM are averaged to form a single score. The second and third approaches are based on latent variable models that reflect psychological theory about ethnic identity. Results suggest important differences between ways to handle responses to the MEIM that lead to dissimilar interpretations and implications. A latent variable model approach is recommended that defines responses to the MEIM by latent measures of attitudinal and behavioural ethnic identity. Branding implications for Hispanic consumer behaviour are discussed.
Communicating for business resilience
Authors: Nowak Ronda Oberlin
Published: July 2024

Defining resilience has remained a challenge despite decades of research across multiple disciplines. This paper proposes that resilience can be better understood when examined through the framework of communication. Resilience is proposed to have three interconnected domains (community, organisation and individual) and two dimensions (physical and social-emotional). This work focuses on the social-emotional components of enacted organisational resilience. The impact of organisational culture on sensemaking, organisational narrative and resilience strategies is explored. Communication-based interventions that organisations can make to improve resilience are identified.
Using the SwapClear Client Clearing Service to meet current challenges in the interest rate swaps market
Authors: Bertotti Matteo , Girometti Andrea
Published: July 2024

The financial crisis has forced regulators to focus their attention on over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives in order to increase transparency in negotiations and reduce systemic risk. One of the key reforms being proposed is the principle of compulsory centralisation of standardised interest rate swaps (IRS) through clearing houses. The aim of this paper is to explain how a possible answer to the aforementioned development could be given, showing the MPS Capital Services business case. There will be a practical description of the application to the SwapClear Client Clearing Service (offered by the London Clearing House (LCH)) made by MPS Capital Services. After a brief description of the service, the benefits of clearing and the reasons for joining LCH are explained, and some highlights of developed activities and timings are presented, focusing on some of the details of the key operational, legal and contractual aspects. Finally, the determining factors in MPS Capital Services choice of the primary and back-up clearing members will be shown and some of the open issues that the size of the project necessarily involves. As far as future scenarios are concerned, MPS Capital Services believes that the OTC derivatives market will move towards greater segmentation, in which all players in a position to adhere to clearing facilities will do so, thereby gaining access to the professional market, by joining one or more Swap Execution Facilities (SEFs) as a swap dealer.
Sponsorship and the Elaboration Likelihood Model: BMW's 2014 Winter Olympic brand strategy
Authors: Fortunato John A.
Published: July 2024

This paper demonstrates that the Elaboration Likelihood Model is a plausible theoretical framework for explaining the unique opportunities that sponsors have to form a brand association, develop an activation programme and create television commercials to appeal to both the high and low-involvement product category consumer. The assumptions put forth in the Elaboration Likelihood Model are applied to the sponsorship strategy of 2014 Winter Olympic sponsor, BMW. The findings of this case study show that the Elaboration Likelihood Model guides BMW's sponsorship activation strategy as well as its creative television commercial strategy. BMW appeals to high-involvement product category consumers by emphasising brand features and appeals to low-involvement product category consumers through its brand association with the Olympics. An appeal based on a brand association is only possible if a company is a sponsor.
A study on the effect of airport choice attributes on airport users’ satisfaction and behavioural intentions: The case of Gimpo International Airport
Authors: Kim Mun-Hwan , Park Jin-Woo , Choi Yu-Jin
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the importance and satisfaction of attributes affecting airport choice, and analysing the effect of airport choice attributes on satisfaction and behavioural intentions. To fulfil the research purposes, a survey was conducted among airport users who use international airlines at Gimpo International Airport, Seoul, South Korea. A total of 397 copies of the questionnaire were analysed using gap analysis, importance performance analysis (IPA) and path analysis. Gap analysis and IPA showed that there is a statistically significant difference between importance and satisfaction of airport choice attributes. Path analysis showed that factors of airport choice attributes such as operation, navigation, accessibility, facilities and awareness have positive effects on satisfaction, and that satisfaction has positive effects on reuse and recommendation intention.
Utilising advanced event metrics to create more efficient and effective philanthropic events at Mayo Clinic
Authors: Downer John
Published: July 2024

At Mayo Clinic, philanthropic support has become increasingly important in the advancement of the top priorities in the three mission-centric areas of practice, research and education. A team of development professionals is responsible for meeting ever-increasing fundraising goals, while keeping the cost per dollar raised among the best in the industry. To do this, it is vitally important to run efficient and effective events that facilitate relationships between Mayo Clinic and current and prospective benefactors. This paper captures the process by which the Department of Development set out to evaluate their events using long-term metrics, analyse the resulting data and recommend necessary changes. Readers will be challenged to consider how they measure the success of their development events and left with ideas on new metrics that might be applicable in their institutions.
From digital repositories to the library catalogue: Two workflows for transforming metadata
Authors: Allen Amy Leigh , Kulczak Deborah E. , Gilbertson Mary A.
Published: July 2024

Making a connection between digital repositories and library catalogues is an issue many libraries and archives face, especially when dealing with items that traditionally received full cataloguing records. This paper explores different workflows for reusing metadata to create catalogue records, connecting the two resources. In order to have one interface to search both the older physical items and newer digital items, the archives and technical services department of the University of Arkansas Libraries worked together to create different workflows to save time and eliminate the need for double entry, using the open source software MarcEdit and XML Notepad. Two different processes were created for different types of materials in different repositories. The first process transforms metadata for undergraduate theses in DSpace from Dublin Core to MARC.
The second process transforms metadata from music concert recordings in Islandora from MODS to MARC. Readers will learn multiple options and techniques for converting metadata to MARC records.
Keeping pace with dynamic markets: FINRA’s journey with AI-based surveillance techniques and tools
Authors: Tibbs Susan , Raman Raghu , Chow Chi-Keung , Gomez Robert A.
Published: July 2024

Trading markets are dynamic. The composition of trading centres and market behaviour are constantly evolving. The number of market events is also constantly increasing, often in response to significant events like the COVID-19 pandemic. The dynamic nature of trading markets poses significant challenges for regulators that are responsible for exercising oversight of market activities. This paper discusses the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority’s research and development projects dedicated to experimenting with the development and improvement of artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning market surveillance techniques or tools. Such experimentation is critical for regulators to continue to keep pace with dynamic markets. The development and improvement of such techniques and tools holds the potential for continued effective oversight of market activities.
Retail returns: Turning costs into profit at a UK 3PL
Authors: Gorst Jonathan , Ballantyne Erica
Published: July 2024

Returns can be a costly process compared to forward logistics due to the increased complexity of handling returned items that arrive at a returns centre in a random order in batch sizes of one. In order to recover value from returned items, it is necessary to undertake additional activities, from inspections through to preparation for re-sale. This case study looks at a UK-based 3PL and the value-adding activities that it has implemented to improve the efficiency and minimise costs of managing returns with four of its clients. Over an 18-month period the authors worked with Prolog Fulfilment Ltd to identify financial efficiencies, sustainability improvements and general changes to working practices. A reverse logistics toolkit was applied across the four clients to help determine new and innovative ways of processing returns. The paper applies a returned items classification continuum to demonstrate how improving processes can move products up the continuum and hence recover more value. The case study illustrates how returns management services can both add value for retailers and improve the reusability and recyclability of returned products and their component parts, thus reducing the amount of product going to landfill.
Thriving in the age of privacy regulation: A first-party data strategy
Authors: Latvala Lawrence , Horn Jeff , Bruno Bill
Published: July 2024

This paper reviews the recent legislative and policy changes in the area of consumer data privacy and their impact on the effectiveness of the most popular tool for tracking customers — the third-party cookie. With third-party tracking rendered mostly ineffective, the authors present the case for marketers to implement a stronger first-party data strategy to fill the gaps left by these changes. First-party data strategies provide significant advantages over third-party techniques, including broader controls for customer data capture and the ability to generate a deeper understanding of customer behaviour and intent; they are also easier to integrate into the marketing analytic and operational process. Additionally, the authors outline the advantages of a first-party data strategy for implementing real-time identification and tracking of customers — something that third-party strategies cannot deliver. All of this can be achieved while staying in compliance with changing regulations that control the timing and use of customer data. Increasingly, the future of customer digital marketing is private, respectful, in real time and first-party.
Human aspects of cyber security: Behaviour or culture change?
Authors: Joinson Adam , Steen Tommy Van
Published: July 2024

For security professionals, addressing the role of the human in cyber security is becoming ever more important as systems are technically increasingly secure and threat actors shift their focus towards exploiting human vulnerabilities. This paper looks at three ways that the role of humans in cyber security has been addressed and suggests integrating culture, behaviour and the design of security tools and policies to properly define the role of the human in protecting cyber security.
The student thank-you letter: Increasing responses, improving quality and showing gratitude
Authors: Fowler Brittany
Published: July 2024

This paper demonstrates the process and benefits of centrally collecting, reviewing and sending scholarship-recipient thank-you letters. It offers guidance on how to move scholarship-recipient thank-you notes to an online form and reviews the pros, cons and lessons learned.
Airport valuation: Using passenger generalised cost to measure competitive advantage and pricing power
Authors: Jorge-Calderón Doramas
Published: July 2024

The standard method of valuing airports through cash flows does not necessarily measure the competitive advantage of an airport as aeronautical charges are often subject to economic regulation. Still, understanding the potential valuation of an airport arising from its competitive advantage is important because it gives an indication of the pricing power of the airport and of the sustainability and riskiness of its cash-flows. In addition, it is a necessary ingredient when calculating the value of an airport to society at large. This paper shows how the potential financial value of an airport granted by its competitive advantage can be gauged through the passenger generalised cost, a measure commonly used in cost-benefit analysis in the transport sector. The paper focuses on valuing the competitive advantage granted by the location of an airport. It is shown that the potential financial value of an airport can be much higher than its actual financial value. When that is the case, an airport has greater financial room to face unexpected demand shocks, over-building and changes in government policy. The approach can also be used to estimate how a new competing transport facility affects the potential value of an airport. The paper concludes with suggestions of how the method illustrated can be expanded and refined.
Digital financial services uptake in Africa and its role in financial inclusion of women
Authors: Sekantsi Lira Peter
Published: July 2024

An inclusive financial system is regarded as important for economic growth and development of countries all over the world because it ensures the ease of access, availability and use of formal financial services by all members of society, men and women alike. The literature and experiences of countries, however, show that women are less financially included compared with their male counterparts and are therefore disempowered and unable to contribute meaningfully to the economic development of their countries. The search for a solution has identified digital financial services (DFS) (including electronic money) as instrumental in increasing women’s financial inclusion. Yet women still face challenges in accessing and using these services. These challenges, related to the access and use of DFS, are discussed in this paper along with the strategies that can be employed by governments, financial services industry, large businesses and international donors and funders to overcome the factors inhibiting women’s access to and use of DFS and increase their financial inclusion.
Aligning the airport community to improve LAX guest satisfaction: Every journey begins with a very important first step
Authors: Yamamoto Barbara , Paternoster Joanne
Published: July 2024

Los Angeles World Airports has launched an unprecedented and transformative culture change which, when implemented with its ambitious multi-billion dollar capital programme, will re-envision the LAX experience for millions of customers. The Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) community is setting the stage to create ‘LAXceptional Xperiences’ each day and every day. It is re-inventing LAX from the ‘inside-out’ as well as from the ‘outside-in’. This innovative coupling of unparalleled ‘outside-in’ re-building of facilities and infrastructure and a passionate commitment to ‘inside-out’ metamorphosis of how business, processes and invaluable airport people serve customers strives to usher in a new era for LAX and its customers that is as exciting as the iconic city it serves. Only in its second year, guest satisfaction key performance indicators have already shown improvement and it is only just the beginning.
A living lab co-creation environment exemplifying Factor 10 improvements in a city district
Authors: Rosado Leonardo , Hagy Shea , Kalmykova Yuliya , Morrison Greg , Ostermeyer York
Published: July 2024

The greater proportion of global emission production and resource consumption takes place in cities. Innovations are needed to reduce the use of resources and emissions within the building sector, but the sector is slow to innovate and integrate new technology. In this paper, a district-scale approach is projected to be an effective way to invoke change within the built environment of a city system, exemplified through the European Union-funded Climate-KIC Smart Sustainable Districts (SSD) Flagship Project in Gothenburg, Sweden. The SSD aims increase to human wellbeing and economic vitality with 90% lower resource use resulting in a reduction in environmental impacts and associated greenhouse gas emissions. A co-creation environment is proposed to incorporate technology innovation for sustainable living into the district, and ultimately city, level which will be realised through the HSB* Living Lab Project, a living lab infrastructure under construction on the campus of Chalmers University of Technology. Interventions to reduce the use of resources at a district-scale systems level in combination with real-world testing and creation of innovative technology within living lab environments have the potential to effect a reduction in city system resource consumption and emissions. This pilot stage proposition will be tested through the implementation of both SSD and HSB Living Lab projects. * HSB is one of the largest housing cooperatives in Sweden, with over 500,000 members nationwide.
A social identity theory perspective on sustainable brand recommendation: The case of professional service providers
Authors: Stoica Michael , Hickman Thomas M.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is twofold. Firstly, the paper calls attention to a unique subset of professional service providers (PSPs) who have obvious product expertise related to their profession yet are only minimally involved in the sales process. Despite this, they are considerably influential in regard to their clients’ brand decision-making process. Examples of these include veterinarians recommending a given pet food brand and dentists recommending a brand of dental floss. Secondly, since environmental sustainability is an important facet of corporate social responsibility, we considered factors that help predict PSPs’ propensity to recommend environmentally friendly brands to their clientele. The conceptual model argues that PSPs’ degree of identification with their profession, self-assessed knowledge in environmental concerns and expectation that sustainable brands will engage in eco-based marketing are all positive influences on PSPs’ likelihood to recommend sustainable brands and generate positive word of mouth. Responses from 467 veterinarians, representing this unique class of PSPs were analysed, and structural equation modelling determined that identification with the profession was a motivating factor in learning more about sustainability. In turn, self-assessed expertise in environmental issues was shown to increase the likelihood that PSPs would recommend sustainable brands.
Data breach liabilities of company directors
Authors: Wright Steve , Pilavci Ezgi
Published: July 2024

This paper shows that data protection falls under the fiduciary duties of board members, albeit they may not be expected to take an active part in the implementation phase; they must assure that employees are equipped with data protection and security awareness and their roles are allocated properly. It discusses how companies need to know how compliance management can be ‘reasonable, adequate, appropriate’ in practice. The first step is to know the needs of the organisation and address the risks. A simple oversight can cause material benefits, and therefore, data protection and privacy must be treated as a corporate governance issue.
Strategies to use government-funded programme models to achieve the triple aim: A look at New York State’s DSRIP programme
Authors: D’Angelo Carla , Gevorgyan Anush , Goldstein Adam
Published: July 2024

New York State has become a leader in Medicaid reform and the Delivery System Reform Incentive Payments (DSRIP) programme has provided new opportunities for both providers and new healthcare market players to play a stronger role in transitioning to value-based payments (VBP). The lessons learned in New York will be adapted to help with widespread success across the country, particularly in shifting Medicaid to risk-based reimbursement. The DSRIP programme in New York promoted the development of new healthcare organisations to lead and manage the government funding in an effort to achieve cost and quality improvements across the state. These new healthcare organisations are creating long-term sustainable models to advance the programme goals. Sustainability of Medicaid and Medicare continues to be at the forefront of federal and state government health reform. With health reform now poised to be a major 2020 presidential election issue, VBP remains a leading strategy for reducing the total cost of care and meeting the Quadruple Aim of enhancing patient experience, improving population health, reducing costs and improving the work life of healthcare providers.
Carbon reduction options for churches using oil for heating
Authors: Mcnaughton Dan
Published: July 2024

To limit global warming, a rapid reduction in the carbon emissions from our buildings is required. Heating buildings contributed to 17 per cent of the UK overall carbon emissions in 2018 which is why it is important we look to decarbonise the heating systems that serve our buildings. In 2020, only 7.9 per cent of the energy to heat our buildings came from renewable sources. In the UK, existing heating is predominantly by natural gas. The most significant challenge is the rural buildings that are not served by mains gas but have oil supplies, due to the high carbon content of this fuel. The Diocese of Gloucester was invited to participate in a research project carried out by Historic England into viable methods of low and zero carbon heating in churches and their associated buildings. The focus of this research explores oil-fired heating systems as this fuel produces more carbon dioxide emissions than other fuels used to heat buildings. The key finding from this research is that no single heating technology is recommended for either all historic buildings or even each historic building type. Across the six case studies, air source heat pumps, biomass and electric heating were recommended in an equal proportion of cases. It is not possible to determine the most viable heating technology without carrying out a detailed technical feasibility study at the early concept stage of a project. The recommended heating technology depends on many factors including the building’s site and location, the size and form of the buildings, the use and operation of the buildings, the condition of the existing heating system and the existing utility infrastructure. The wider background to this research includes the 2030 net zero carbon target set by the Church of England and the UK government’s 2050 net zero carbon target.