bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The reaction of sponsor stock prices to clinical trial outcomes: An event study analysis
Authors: Singh Manish , Rocafort Roland , Cai Cathy , Siah Kien Wei , Lo Andrew W.
Published: September 2022

We perform an event study analysis that quantifies the market reaction to clinical trial result announcements for 13,807 trials from 2000 to 2020, one of the largest event studies of clinical trials to date. We first determine the specific dates in the clinical trial process on which the greatest impact on the stock prices of their sponsor companies occur. We then analyze the relationship between the abnormal returns observed on these dates due to the clinical trial outcome and the properties of the trial, such as its phase, target accrual, design category, and disease and sponsor company type (biotechnology or pharmaceutical). We find that the classification of a company as “early biotechnology” or “big pharmaceutical” had the most impact on abnormal returns, followed by properties such as disease, outcome, the phase of the clinical trial, and target accrual. We also find that these properties and classifications by themselves were insufficient to explain the variation in excess returns observed due to clinical trial outcomes.
Human papillomavirus vaccination of girls in the German model region Saarland: Insurance data-based analysis and identification of starting points for improving vaccination rates
Authors: Sternjakob-Marthaler Anna , Berkó-Göttel Barbara , Rissland Jürgen , Schöpe Jakob , Taurian Emeline , Müller Hanna , Weber Gero , Lohse Stefan , Lamberty Thomas , Holleczek Bernd , Stoffel Harry , Hauptmann Gunter , Giesen Martin , Firk Christiane , Schanzenbach Alexandra , Brandt Florian , Hohmann Heike , Werthner Quirin , Selzer Dominik , Lehr Thorsten , Wagenpfeil Stefan , Smola Sigrun
Published: September 2022

In Germany, the incidence of cervical cancer, a disease caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV), is higher than in neighboring European countries. HPV vaccination has been recommended for girls since 2007. However, it continues to be significantly less well received than other childhood vaccines, so its potential for cancer prevention is not fully realized. To find new starting points for improving vaccination rates, we analyzed pseudonymized routine billing data from statutory health insurers in the PRÄZIS study (prevention of cervical carcinoma and its precursors in women in Saarland) in the federal state Saarland serving as a model region. We show that lowering the HPV vaccination age to 9 years led to more completed HPV vaccinations already in 2015. Since then, HPV vaccination rates and the proportion of 9- to 11-year-old girls among HPV-vaccinated females have steadily increased. However, HPV vaccination rates among 15-year-old girls in Saarland remained well below 50% in 2019. Pediatricians vaccinated the most girls overall, with a particularly high proportion at the recommended vaccination age of 9–14 years, while gynecologists provided more HPV catch-up vaccinations among 15-17-year-old girls, and general practitioners compensated for HPV vaccination in Saarland communities with fewer pediatricians or gynecologists. We also provide evidence for a significant association between attendance at the children´s medical check-ups “U11” or “J1” and HPV vaccination. In particular, participation in HPV vaccination is high on the day of U11. However, obstacles are that U11 is currently not financed by all statutory health insurers and there is a lack of invitation procedures for both U11 and J1, resulting in significantly lower participation rates than for the earlier U8 or U9 screenings, which are conducted exclusively with invitations and reminders. Based on our data, we propose to restructure U11 and J1 screening in Germany, with mandatory funding for U11 and organized invitations for HPV vaccination at U11 or J1 for both boys and girls.
Editorial board interlocking across the social sciences: Modelling the geographic, gender, and institutional representation within and between six academic fields
Authors: Goyanes Manuel , de-Marcos Luis , Demeter Márton , Toth Tamás , Jordá Beatriz
Published: September 2022

Editorial boards play a key role in the production, dissemination, and promotion of scientific knowledge. The cross-presence of scholars in different journals, known as editorial board interlocking, maps the connections between such bodies of governance. Former research on this topic is typically restricted to individual disciplines and has failed to consider the relevance of potential interlocking between related, but different academic fields. Further, although existing studies note a significant lack of diversity in editorial board representation, they mainly focus on a single dimension, such as gender or geography. This study addressed these knowledge gaps by offering a complex cross-disciplinary approach to the geographical, gender, and institutional compositions of editorial boards, with a specific emphasis on within- and between-fields editorial board interlocking. We used graph and social network analysis to examine editorial board connections between 281 top journals (13,084 members and 17,092 connections) of six disciplines: communication, psychology, political science, sociology, economics, and management. We found substantial differences in terms of field connections, ranging from sociology with 42% interlocking with other fields, to management with only 11%. Psychology is significantly less connected to the other five disciplines. The results also show a clear overrepresentation of American institutions and native English-speaking countries in all fields, with Harvard, Columbia, Cornell, Stanford, UC Berkeley, and New York University forming a well-connected central cluster. Although female scholars are underrepresented, there are no significant differences in terms of positioning in the network. Female scholars are even employed in more central positions than male scholars in psychology, sociology, and management. Our findings extend the literature on editorial board diversity by evidencing a significant imbalance in their gender, geographical, institutional representation, and interlocking editorship both within and between fields.
Tachycardia in hyperthyroidism: Not so common
Authors: Go Muriel Tania , George Amrutha Mary , Tahsin Bettina , Fogelfeld Leon
Published: September 2022

Objective

The commonly held association of hyperthyroidism with sinus tachycardia and widened pulse pressure (PP) has not been reassessed in decades despite patients with hyperthyroidism in current practice not always present with these signs. The study objective was to assess prevalence and variability of sinus tachycardia and widened PP in present day among individuals with different degrees of hyperthyroidism.

Methods

Data was collected retrospectively from 248 adult patients in an outpatient setting with biochemical evidence of hyperthyroidism, recorded heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) who were not treated with medications that can influence these parameters.

Results

Mean age was 42.0 ± 14.2 years with 66.9% being female. Median free thyroxine (fT4) level was 3.49 (IQR 2.42–4.58) ng/dL and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 0.02 (IQR 0.01–0.03) mIU/L. Tachycardia, defined as HR >100 bpm, was present in 28.2%. In the lowest and highest fT4 quartiles, tachycardia was present in 16.4% and 38.7% respectively. Using logistic regression, tachycardia was associated with higher fT4 and diastolic BP. More lenient outcome of tachycardia with HR >90 bpm was seen in 47.2%. Widened PP, defined as >50 mmHg, was observed in 64.1% of patients and correlated with higher fT4 and BP.

Conclusions

Tachycardia is not a common feature of hyperthyroidism today. The relatively infrequent finding of tachycardia in this study compared to older studies may reflect differences in the way medicine is practiced today. The increased ordering of thyroid function tests most likely unmasked cases of mild or asymptomatic thyrotoxicosis. A widened PP was a more prevalent clinical finding in this study.
The elementary forms of digital communication
Authors: Brown Lauren S. , Lewis Kevin
Published: September 2022

Although a tremendous amount of modern interaction is electronic, our understanding of everyday digital communications—including what they look like and how their properties vary by medium and relationship type—is still growing. In this paper, we examine digital exchange in two of its simplest forms: email and SMS. Specifically, our data consist of 2,004 messages provided by a diverse sample of college students, supplemented by in-depth interviews with their authors. These data were collected in 2010—a time when both mediums were widespread but devoid of most of their modern complexity. Based on these data, we make two contributions: First, we develop an empirically grounded typology of the basic properties of text-based digital communication; second, we document the distribution of these properties across five common relationship types. Respectively, these findings provide a starting point to understanding the substance of digital exchange in all its many forms and an empirical benchmark for comparison.
Contrasting genetic diversity between Planchonella obovata sensu lato (Sapotaceae) on old continental and young oceanic island populations in Japan
Authors: Setsuko Suzuki , Sugai Kyoko , Tamaki Ichiro , Takayama Koji , Kato Hidetoshi
Published: September 2022

Genetic diversity of plant populations on islands is likely to be influenced by characteristics such as island origin (oceanic or continental) and their age, size, and distance to continental landmasses. In Japan, Planchonella obovata sensu lato which is found on both continental and oceanic islands of varying age, size, and distance to East Asian continental areas—is an ideal system in which to investigate the factors influencing genetic diversity of island plant species. In this study, we examined the genetic diversity of P. obovata s.l. populations, in the context of the species population genetic structure, demography, and between island migration, from 668 individuals, 28 populations and 14 islands including both continental (the Yaeyama Islands) and oceanic islands (the Daito, Bonin, and Volcano Islands) using 11 microsatellite markers. The Yaeyama and Volcano Islands respectively had the highest and lowest genetic diversity, and island origin and age significantly affected genetic diversity. Clustering analysis revealed that populations were grouped into Bonin, Volcano, and Yaeyama + Daito groups. However, Bonin and Volcano groups were distinct despite the relatively short geographical distance between them. Approximate Bayesian Computation analysis suggested that the population size was stable in Bonin and Yaeyama + Daito groups, whereas population reduction occurred in Volcano group, and migration between groups were very limited. Younger oceanic islands showed lower genetic diversity, probably due to limited gene flow and a lack of time to accumulate unique alleles. Genetic structure was generally consistent with the geographic pattern of the islands, but in Volcano, a limited number of founders and limited gene flow among islands are likely to have caused the large genetic divergence observed.
The role of birth month in the burden of hospitalisations for acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in Croatia
Authors: Li You , Batinović Ena , Milić Petra , Markić Joško
Published: September 2022

Background

Birth month was an important risk factor for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalisation in infants. However, little is known about the role of birth month in RSV hospitalisation in finer age bands during infancy, which is relevant to strategies for RSV passive immunisations for infants. We aimed to understand the role of birth month in the burden of RSV-associated acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) hospitalisation in finer age bands of the first year of life.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we analysed the hospitalisation records during 2014–19 at the University Hospital of Split, Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia. We estimated all-cause and RSV associated ALRI hospitalisation rates among children under five years, with a focus on infants by finer age band and birth month.

Results

We included 1897 ALRI hospitalisations during the study period. Overall in children under five years, annual hospitalisation rate was 14.66/1000 (95% CI: 14.01–15.34) for all-cause ALRI, and was 7.56/1000 (95% CI: 6.83–8.34) for RSV-ALRI. RSV-ALRI hospitalisation rate was highest in infants aged 28 days–<3 months (61.15/1000, 95% CI: 52.91–70.31). Infants born in November, December and January (2–3 months before RSV peak) had the highest hospitalisation rates during infancy. Depending on the birth month of infants, the risk of RSV-ALRI hospitalisation peaked at different months of age; infants who were born in September had the highest RSV-ALRI hospitalisation rate at the age of 3–<6 months.

Conclusions

Our study underlines the importance of birth month in planning RSV immunisation strategies for infants, and provides useful baseline data for effectiveness analysis of novel RSV prophylactic products.
Tumor-skin invasion is a reliable risk factor for poor prognosis in superficial soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Iwai Tadashi , Hoshi Manabu , Oebisu Naoto , Takada Naoki , Ban Yoshitaka , Nakamura Hiroaki
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Superficial soft tissue sarcomas are often left untreated unless they invade the skin and skin ulcers manifest. Progressive sarcomas frequently result in dismal oncological outcomes despite multidisciplinary treatment. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors for superficial soft tissue sarcomas.

Materials and methods

This study retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of 82 patients with superficial soft tissue sarcomas treated between August 2003 and December 2020 at our institution. A superficial soft tissue sarcoma was defined if the percentage of the area occupied by the tumor in the assessed region (skin, subcutaneous) was more than 50%. Age, sex, location, tumor size, tumor-skin invasion, tumor grade, and distant metastasis at initial diagnosis were evaluated as potential prognostic factors. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to identify the prognostic factors. Five-year survival rates were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results

The mean follow-up time was 60.1 months. The 5-year overall survival, 5-year local recurrence-free survival, and 5-year metastasis survival rates were 76.4%, 60.6%, and 71.0%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed significant relationships between poor prognosis and tumor size ≥5 cm, distant metastasis at initial diagnosis, and tumor-skin invasion. In the multivariate analysis, only the tumor-skin invasion was associated with worse overall survival.

Conclusions

Superficial soft tissue sarcomas have biologically been considered a separate category due to their better prognosis. In this study, the tumor-skin invasion was the only significant factor associated with a poor prognosis. Therefore, all superficial soft tissue sarcomas without tumor-skin invasion should be treated as early as possible.
Time since faecal deposition influences mobilisation of culturable E. coli and intestinal enterococci from deer, goose and dairy cow faeces
Authors: Afolabi Emmanuel O. , Quilliam Richard S. , Oliver David M.
Published: September 2022

Mobilisation is a term used to describe the supply of a pollutant from its environmental source, e.g., soil or faeces, into a hydrological transfer pathway. The overarching aim of this study was to determine, using a laboratory-based approach, whether faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) are hydrologically mobilised in different quantities from a typical agricultural, wildlife and wildfowl source, namely dairy cattle, red deer and greylag goose faeces. The mobilisation of FIB from fresh and ageing faeces under two contrasting temperatures was determined, with significant differences in the concentrations of both E. coli and intestinal enterococci lost from all faecal sources. FIB mobilisation from these faecal matrices followed the order of dairy cow > goose > deer (greatest to least, expressed as a proportion of the total FIB present). Significant changes in mobilisation rates from faecal sources over time were also recorded and this was influenced by the temperature at which the faecal material had aged over the course of the 12-day study. Characterising how indicators of waterborne pathogens are mobilised in the environment is of fundamental importance to inform models and risk assessments and develop effective strategies for reducing microbial pollution in catchment drainage waters and associated downstream impacts. Our findings add quantitative evidence to support the understanding of FIB mobilisation potential from three important faecal sources in the environment.
Does intestinal epithelial integrity status in response to high-protein dairy milk beverage with or without progressive resistance training impact systemic inflammatory responses in an active aging population?
Authors: Huschtscha Zoya , Young Pascale , Parr Alexandra , Porter Judi , Costa Ricardo
Published: September 2022

Increased resting systemic anti-inflammatory responses have previously been reported after a period of progressive resistance training (PRT) with daily consumption of a high-protein dairy beverage. The study aimed to investigate the independent and combined effects of consuming a high protein dairy milk beverage with or without a PRT on markers of intestinal epithelial integrity and selected systemic inflammatory responses in active older (≥50 yrs) adults. Thirty two (males n = 24, females n = 8) active older adults [mean (SD): Age 62 (7) years, weight 74.2 (14.0) kg, height 1.73 (10.0) cm, BMI 24.9 (4.0) kg/m2, and body fat mass: 25.8 (9.1)%)], that reported exercising ≥3/week (211 (91) min/week) were randomly allocated into one of four groups: dairy milk (DM), exercise and dairy milk (EX+DM), exercise alone (EX), and control (CON). Groups with EX underwent 12-weeks whole-body PRT program (x3 sessions/week), groups with DM consumed the beverage twice daily (30g protein/day), and CON was required to carry out their ad libitum dietary and exercise habits. Plasma concentrations of CRP, IL-1ß, IL-1ra, LBP, and sCD14 were determined by ELISA from samples collected at weeks 0, 6, and 12. Data were analyzed (SPSS v25.0) for group and time differences using a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with post hoc analysis. No significant differences were observed for any of the measured plasma biomarkers. The previously observed increase in anti-inflammatory cytokine response is likely due to a muscular cellular response and not an indication of intestinal epithelial integrity disturbance and/or subsequent translocation of luminal originated pathogenic bacterial compounds.
Matilde Ras en la prensa de la Edad de Plata: reportajes en Heraldo de Madrid (1927-1931)
Authors: Russo Antonella
Published: September 2022

El propósito de este trabajo consiste en recuperar y analizar los reportajes firmados por Matilde Ras (1881-1969) publicados en la sección «Una información todas las noches» del periódico Heraldo de Madrid de 1927 a 1931. La mayoría de los textos localizados se examinan aquí por primera vez y ofrecen datos interesantes sobre la participación de la autora en algunos fenómenos literarios y culturales de la Edad de Plata.
Effects of the pandemic crisis on social enterprise: A case study from Georgia
Authors: Gigauri Iza , Bogacz-Wojtanowska Ewa
Published: September 2022

Social entrepreneurship is an important area of research when it comes to considering the role of business in society and how entrepreneurs solve social problems. The concept has spread not only in developing, but also in developed countries. The recent Covid-19 pandemic has demonstrated that crises can be addressed with entrepreneurial innovation and creativity. This paper attempts to outline a way for social enterprises to overcome the current pandemic crisis, as well as to emphasize the challenges and opportunities the crisis presents social entrepreneurs with. This paper discusses how social enterprises in Georgia have been affected and strategies that have been applied. In order to achieve the research goal, relevant literature has been analyzed and systematized. The qualitative research method has been applied to answer the study questions. The paper concludes with an interpretation of the results and highlights implications for theory and practice. This study finds that Georgian social enterprises are negatively affected by the pandemic crisis due to increased operational costs, interruption of business processes, sales decline, customer loss, and supply chain disruptions. Social enterprises responded to the challenges by changing strategies, re-allocating resources, diversifying funding sources, intensifying communication efforts, introducing new technologies, and moving online. However, government support is essential for Georgian social enterprises to survive and grow. Finally, directions for future research are also proposed.
Central European version of Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist (CWB-C PL)
Authors: Szostek Dawid
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the article is to validate the 45-item scale called Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist (CWB-C) proposed by Spector et al. (2006) and adapt it to Central European cultural conditions. The research objectives are met using a set of measuring methods, namely focus group interviews, observations and a survey among 1,351 professionally active people in Poland. Data factor analysis is applied to examine the survey. The proposed modified and validated scale to measure CWBs is adapted to Central European cultural conditions. It has 35 items; 30 items are taken from the original CWB-C scale. The elements on the scale can be divided according to the target of such behavior, i.e., directed at the organization or other people. The items can be also divided into subjective categories, namely abuse against others, sabotage, theft and withdrawal. In the case of the second categorization, the original category 'production deviance' proposed by Spector et al. (2006) is eliminated. The proposed scale is characterized by good measures of fit for the 4-factor model.
Are economic majors “indoctrinated” by their education? Public good game quasi-experiment
Authors: Dzionek-Kozlowska Joanna , Neneman Jaroslaw
Published: September 2022

Economic education is commonly blamed for negatively affecting students’ values and attitudes. Students of economics are repeatedly reported to differ from other majors. The differences are commonly explained by the learning effect (the indoctrination hypothesis) and the self-selection of specific persons to economics. We aim to contribute to the nurture vs nature debate on economics students by testing the indoctrination (nurture) and the self-selection (nature) hypotheses. Working with undergraduate economics and non-economic majors (N=286), we ran a Public Good Game (PGG) quasi-experiment. To test the self-selection hypothesis, we compared levels of donation in the PGG by both subsamples. To test the indoctrination hypothesis, we (1) analysed the results of economics students at different stages of their education and (2) juxtaposed their donations in the PGG with their academic performance. If economic education affects student attitudes, those who master economic theory better should be more “indoctrinated” and, as such, less eager to donate their endowments to the common fund in the PGG. However, no difference between the results of the first-year and second-year students has been found. Also, no correlation between exam scores and students’ donations in the PGG has been revealed. Nonetheless, we have detected a statistically significant difference between the economics and non-economics majors, which allows us to conclude that economics students’ atypicality comes from their self-selection of economic studies and is not attributable to economic teaching.
Well-being costs of perceived job insecurity: Mediating role of financial satisfaction, subjective healthiness and institutional trust
Authors: Aliyev Khatai
Published: September 2022

The fear of losing the current job or not finding a new job significantly affects an individual’s well-being. However, perceived job insecurity also affects an individual’s financial satisfaction, subjective healthiness, and trust in institutions - determinants of subjective well-being. This research explores the direct and indirect effects of perceived job insecurity on the life satisfaction of the full-time employed and unemployed people within a serial mediation analysis framework. Using the World Values Survey (6th wave) dataset, we estimated the effects in aggregate and disaggregated (by the income level of countries) samples. Regarding unemployed people, results display the almost equal contribution of direct and indirect channels. In contrast, the dominance of indirect impact channels is more considerable in the case of individuals employed full-time. In disaggregated samples, no significant impact is detected in low-income and upper-middle-income class members, while the effects are significant and economically meaningful for lower-middle-income and high-income countries. Non-pecuniary costs exceed pecuniary costs. The primary mediating factor is satisfaction with a household’s financial situation, especially in high-income countries. The availability of unemployment insurance benefits can partially compensate well-being costs of perceived job insecurity. Nevertheless, governments need to enhance labour market efficiency to diminish both unemployed and full-time employed individuals’ perceived job insecurity, which would improve societal welfare in the end.
Model of world technological and economic efficiency frontiers
Authors: Zagoruiko Ivan , Petkova Lesia
Published: September 2022

The model generalizes the classical concept of the world's technological frontier. The article is devoted to the theory of comparative analysis of the efficiency of national economies using the non-parametric method of data shell analysis (DEA). The proposed model summarizes the classical concept of the world's technological frontier. Algebraically, it is the solution to the well-known linear programming problem, which determines the countries that use the best combinations of capital and labour to produce a unit of output. Geometrically, it is the envelopment of the states of the studied countries in the plane of relative volumes of factors of production ("technological plane"). Authors add to this problem three other problems and the classical equation of nominal national income distribution between the factors of production. The first of these problems identifies countries that have the best combinations of real labour and capital prices. Analogously, the geometric solution to this problem authors defined the world economic frontier. It is the envelopment of the states of countries in the plane of real prices of production factors ("economic plane"). The other two frontiers consist of countries with the best combinations of parameters of the national function of product price distribution and product volume distributions between labour and capital. The economic frontier, built by the envelopment method of the price distribution function, can be depicted on the technological plane as an envelopment of the worst technological conditions. Similarly, the technological frontier, built by the envelopment method of product distribution functions, can be depicted on the economic plane as the shell of the worst economic conditions. Approbation of the model on data from 13 countries in 2017 revealed a geographical axis in the direction of "northwest-southeast" on the European continent.
Entrepreneurial competence perceived by university students: Quantitative and descriptive analysis
Authors: Barrientos-Báez Almudena , Martínez-González José Alberto , García-Rodríguez Francisco Javier , Gómez Galán José
Published: September 2022

According to the scientific literature, the entrepreneur is the key to entrepreneurship, which is an essential process for the economic and social development of a country. Within the framework of the psychological traits or attributes of the entrepreneur, entrepreneurial skills and vocation, which are the prelude to entrepreneurial intention and behaviour, are currently necessary – considering that young people will form the next generation of entrepreneurs and that higher education plays a fundamental role in entrepreneurship. This paper's main objective is to analyse university students' perceptions about their competence and vocation for entrepreneurship in this context. The research has been carried out in a sample of Spanish university students (N=380) using a quantitative, descriptive, and discriminant methodology. The obtained results allow us to conclude that young people view entrepreneurship competencies positively and have a vocation for entrepreneurship but do not consider themselves competent or self-efficient. Further, specific and significant gender differences have been identified in young people's perceptions, in line with other authors' conclusions and with the GEM reports. All these findings, which make up novel contributions, are of great use in promoting entrepreneurship in university.
POLICY STUDY IN INDONESIA’S PATENT LEGAL SYSTEM
Authors: Budi V. Henry Soelistyo
Published: September 2022

The Indonesian Patent Law, which was first drafted in 1989, is quite a controversial. As a legal instrument, the Patent Law strongly reflects the monopolistic character. In fact, it raises strong resistance from the community. The cultural values of mutual cooperation become the argument for rejection and at the same time concern related to the promoting of individualistic values and culture. The problem is, as a country that projects industrialisation as the backbone of the economy, the existence of the Patent Law becomes a necessity. The Patent Law is believed to be the driving force of the industry through technological inventions. The conflict between values of the people's aspirations and the pragmatic policies of the government needs to be compromised and harmonized properly. This research is important to revisit the constellation of politics and legal policy in the establishment of the 1989 Patent Law. The research method is normative and analyze based on the perspective of responsive legal theory and the welfare state. The result of research shows that the preparation of the Patent Law has succeeded in harmonizing substantive patent norms with national interest. The politics of patent law has become the strategy in realizing national goals to build economic power through industrialisation based on technology. This rationality justifies the policy of the need for Indonesia to have a Patent Law in favor of national interests to support industry and economic development.
Patenting Deal in Indonesia, Article 20 of The Patent Law in The Political Perspective of International Trade Law
Authors: Geofrey Mahoro Jean Claude , Roisah Kholis
Published: September 2022

The research at hand analyses the legal foundation of Article 20 of the Indonesian Patent Law No 13 of 2016. It assesses its conformity with the WTO Agreements known as the Uruguay Round, specifically the TRIPS Agreement. Those agreements have a character of ‘hard law,’ which compels all the WTO Members to be bound by them. Patent law and other Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs), any WTO Member must implement the minimum standards stipulated under the TRIPS Agreement in its national legal system without discrimination. In this light, Indonesia, as a WTO member since 1994, must comply with all WTO Agreements,. Therefor, it made various law reforms in the protection of IPRs. However, the Patent Law raised a debate that it contradicts the principles of international trade law as it embodies a discriminatory provision that only safeguards the people of Indonesia. As a result, the present found that, based on limited exceptions stipulated in the TRIPS and the Paris Convention, Indonesia did not violate the TRIPS as it applied a given leeway for implementing the TRIPS Agreement in a domestic context. Thus, it had reasonable grounds to secure its nationals’ mutual interest without violating general provisions and principles stipulated in the WTO Agreements.
Issuance of a Search Warrant for Narcotics Crime in Indonesia
Authors: Lasmadi Sahuri
Published: September 2022

Concerning narcotics crime in Indonesia in addition to the Police Investigator, the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) also has the authority to conduct investigations and investigations. Search is part of the investigation process, but is often constrained by a search warrant. The research method used is a normative legal research method. This method uses a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. This research puts forward secondary data in the form of binding legal material such as Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics (Narcotics Law), books and other legal research journals. The results of this study indicate Article 81 of the Narcotics Law states that Police Investigators and BNN investigators are authorized to conduct investigations of the abuse and illicit trafficking of Narcotics and Narcotics Precursors. One of them is that an ordinary search or normal search can be carried out by the investigator after first obtaining permission from the head of the District Court, then searching under extraordinary and urgent circumstances, ie the investigator can search without first obtaining permission from the head of the local District Court, however after a search the investigator must immediately seek the approval of the head of the District Court.
Reformulating The Concept of State Principles Based on Ideological and Technocratic Strategic as A Sustainable Development Direction
Authors: Abrianto Bagus Oktafian , Ibrahim Farid , Nugraha Xavier
Published: September 2022

National development planning model with its long-term time dimension in Indonesia is carried out with the National Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPN) which replaces the Planned Overall National Development (PNSB) and the General Outlines of the Principles of the State (GBHN). Based on the analysis of the data obtained, it can be seen that since 2004 the use of the RPJN has turned out to cause fluctuating dynamics in the existing development outcomes. The occurred changes resulted in inconsistencies in the direction of development when there was a change of state development actors such as President, Governor, Regent/ Mayor, and other state institutions. The reason for this is that there is no permanent structure that can be used as a reference for a long-term development program that will be carried out by the managing state institutions, particularly the government. Based on this, the aim of this study was to create a form of reformulation of the principles of the state. This research was a normative research with a statutory, historical and conceptual approaches. To answer this problem, the idea of the state principles was born which departed from combining the advantages of PNSB, GBHN, and RPJPN which were then packaged into a new state principle system, with ideological principle and technocratic strategy.
The Making of Law in Indonesia: A Criticism and Evaluation of The Practise of Legislative Function in The House of Representatives
Authors: Mariyam Siti , Satria Adhi Putra , Suryoutomo Markus
Published: September 2022

The House of Representatives is a state institution that functions in the field of legislation. The current fact is that the DPR's performance in the field of legislation always gets records, because the resulting Law is still below Prolegnas target. On the basis of the problems as referred to, the writing of this article aims to find out what the problems and the efforts that need to be made in overcoming the problem of the formation of laws which fall under the authority of the DPR are. In the discussion, the author tries to provide criticism aimed at the process of forming a law in the DPR, seen from three indicators, namely from the legal substance factor, the legal structure factor and the legal culture factor, the legal substance relating to the current Law does not regulate the maximum number of Prolegnas, the legal structure related to law-forming institutions originating from political parties, and the legal culture related to community rejection of the bill being discussed. The solution to these 3 (three) problems needs to be changed, such as strengthening regulations regarding restrictions on performance-based Prolegnas submissions, making Integrity Facts for DPR members and regulations governing public involvement in making laws stronger, this needs to be done in order to keep it up. maintain the level of public trust in the DPR in carrying out its legislative functions.
Legal Protection for Traditional Medicine Knowledge of Paliasa Leaves in Traditional Community of South Sulawesi Through Intellectual Property Regime
Authors: Adhiyatma Muhammad Tizar , Roisah Kholis
Published: September 2022

Traditional knowledge as a work which is communal property and has opposition characteristics to the legal regime of Intellectual Property rights. Thus, imposing for a regime of intellectual property used as a system to protect traditional knowledge would only cause anomalies in Indonesian society itself and the existing legal regime of Intellectual Property rights in Indonesia is not yet capable of protecting traditional knowledge, especially that associated with genetic resources. The existence of local wisdom of communities in South Sulawesi to genetic resources is to use Paliasa (Kleinhovia Hospita Linn.) leaf as a medicinal plant which are well documented in ancient texts “lontarak pabbura” and organized by Ammatoa as Kajang indigenous leaders. Therefore, it needs a protection model to protect traditional knowledge and their genetic resources associated with traditional knowledge through a sui generis system as positive protection and defensive protection models in order to provide comprehensive protection against traditional knowledge belonging to the Indonesian people.
Privacy Policy on Smart Contracts in E-Commerce Transactions
Authors: Wilona Mariska Zena , Latifah Emmy , Purwadi Hari
Published: September 2022

The technology of smart contract is a new technology applied in online trading. This technology has the possibility of errors and its arrangement that results in losses to buyers. This study was aimed to examine the legal certainty for the users smart contract in e-commerce transactions in Indonesia. The method used was the normative juridical method. The results of the study indicate that the privacy policy on smart contracts in e-commerce transactions based on national and international laws still has a legal vacuum in which the aspect of national law is guided by the ITE Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 and the Regulation of the Minister of Communication and Information Number 20 of 2016 concerning Personal Data Protection in Electronic Systems. Then, in the aspect of international law referring to the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (MLEC), it also establishes the rules for the formation and validity of contracts made electronically and for attribution.
The Ideology Of Law: Embodying The Religiosity Of Pancasila In Indonesia Legal Concepts
Authors: Hangabei Sinung Mufti , Dimyati Khudzaifah , Absori Absori , Akhmad Akhmad
Published: September 2022

The Pancasila ideology is positioned as the source of all sources of law in Indonesia. This meaning cannot be separated from the ideal value of the Indonesian Nation, which is God Almighty. This paper discusses the understanding of religious dimension of Pancasila as a legal norm, so that the applicable law can achieve its objectives. The normative and philosophical approach methods show that Pancasila has the roots of religiosity in its formation. The results of the study show that the strengthening of substantial ideological thinking based on social values that live in society and cannot be separated from the religious values of Pancasila becomes a place where law carries out its functions and roles in the life of the nation and state. In conclusion, the basic norms of the state, Pancasila, which have a religious dimension, are used as a benchmark in assessing the validity of the established regulations. The purpose of law is inseparable from the ultimate goal in the life of the nation and state, namely the values and philosophy of community life itself. The legal construction that puts aside Indonesian values in the context of ideology and the ideology of Pancasila law will result in the law losing its "spirit".
Sharia Compliance in Micro Waqf Bank Business Activities: A Study of Protection of Consumer’s Spiritual Rights
Authors: Fitri Winda
Published: September 2022

The emergence of conventional financial institutions before sharia financial institutions affects the development of the two financial institutions to be different. Another factor is the public's cynicism or skepticism towards Islamic financial institutions which assume that the two financial institutions are the same. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of sharia compliance policies as an effort to improve the development of Islamic financial institutions and consumer protection in Indonesia. This research focused on the Micro Waqf Bank as a Micro Financial Institution that applies sharia principles using statutory and conceptual approaches. In Indonesia, the sharia compliance policy of the Micro Waqf Bank has been regulated in the laws and regulations related to Micro Financial Institutions. The implementation of sharia unity is an effort to reduce cynicism in Islamic financial institutions and to provide protection to consumers' special rights in the form of spiritual rights that every Muslim has to carry out his religion perfectly (kaffah). Sharia compliance policy is the result of the transformation of the DSN-MUI Fatwa into the form of legislation to make it more binding and applicable in the business activities of Micro Waqf Bank.
Alternative Criminal Punishments for the Settlement of Misdemeanor in a Social Justice Perspective
Authors: Zulyadi Rizkan , Hossain Mohammad Belayet
Published: September 2022

The national law has a clear vision to realize a just and democratic rule of law. Criminal legal system serves to protect the interests of the society and the nation. Criminal law enforcement nowadays is no longer directed at enforcing crimes, but also to cope with humanitarian interest in criminal actions, especially when it has to defend against misdemeanor. This paper aims to analyze the current dynamics in how Indonesian criminal law contextualize its existence in facing misdemeanor. By using juridical and normative approach with descriptive analytical technique, the results showed inadaptability of criminal law with misdemeanor cases. The results highlight that as a complex part of socio-economic and legal problem, misdemeanor is dynamically challenging legal system and criminalization. This study demonstrated the need for alternative penalties for minor crimes as an integral part of reforming the Indonesian Criminal Code. More specifically, this study shows several requirements that need to be met in the legalization of alternative criminal penalties for minor crimes. In addition, alternative punishments can provide benefits to the community, such as involving criminals in community service and unpaid work. The recommendations are pointed out regarding the application of alternative criminal penalties for minor crimes.
Better insights into wood-based panel production
Authors: Bär Jan , Ramesh Santhosh Balaji , Schleissinger Florian , Woll Jürgen
Published: September 2022

Dieffenbacher has developed a completely new software platform for the digitalization of wood-based panel production plants. The name of the Platform is EVORIS. This article explains how smart data processing in production, with the help of artificial intelligence and machine learning, delivers transparency to production processes and helps operators and technologists to produce smarter. Furthermore, experiences in working methods, the development process, AI engineering and, above all, lessons learnt from theory vs. practice are illustrated.
3D printed microfluidic modules: passive mixers and cells encapsulation in alginate
Authors: Dalcanale Federico , Caj Michaela , Schuler Felix , Ganeshanathan Kireedan , Suter-Dick Laura
Published: September 2022

passive mixers and droplet generation microfluidic chip modules were designed and manufactured using a commercial SLA 3D-printer. The mixing modules were designed specifically for 3D-printing and evaluated using FEM modeling. The co-flow droplet generator was used for cancer cells encapsulation and drug potency evaluation.
Micro-computed tomography and brightness-mode ultrasound show air entrapments inside tablets
Authors: Carlson Craig S. , Hannula Markus , Postema Michiel
Published: September 2022

Controlled disintegration of pharmaceutical tablets has been of interest for consistency checks and drug delivery. Under sonication, tablet disintegration is accelerated. This acceleration has been attributed to the existence of microscopic air pockets inside compacted tablets. In this study, we investigated the existence of such pockets by subjecting tablets to micro-computed tomography. In addition, we subjected tablets from the same batch to sonography. The tablets were measured to have an ultrasonic swelling rate of 162±16 μms−1. The micro-computed tomography images showed air pockets of up to 9 μm in diameter, some of which were visibly connected to each other. The brightness-mode images showed scattering from inside the tablets, suggesting cavitation activity. We conclude that, inside the tablets investigated, microscopic air entrapments exist, whose pulsations are detectable with brightness-mode ultrasound.
Steerable Flexible Laparoscope to Facilitate Camera Guidance During Minimally Invasive Procedures
Authors: Schäfer Max B. , Waltner Madeleine , Giacoppo Giuliano A. , Pott Peter P.
Published: September 2022

In conventional laparoscopy, the field of view of the surgeon is limited. Angled laparoscopes enable the observation of surrounding structures, however, to change the viewing perspective on a specific object, permanent repositioning and rotation of the shaft is required. In this paper, a demonstrator of a steerable flexible laparoscope is presented, enabling the user to intuitively adjust the perspective onto an object by means of a single control element. The laparoscope provides a viewing angle of ± 50° at 50 mm working distance. In first tests, the presented laparoscope showed advantages regarding intuitiveness of the control, easier handling, and improved depth perception.
On the use of singular value decomposition for QRS detection and ECG denoising
Authors: Schanze Thomas
Published: September 2022

QRS detection is a pre-processing step to detect the heartbeat in an electrocardiogram (ECG) for subsequent rhythm classification. However, measured ECG waveforms may differ as a result of intrinsic variability or due to artefacts or noise. If the signals are distorted, then this often leads to difficulties in QRS detection. Of course, a high QRS detection performance is an important part of an ECG analysis algorithm, and furthermore, it must work even for highly noisy signals. Singular value decompositon (SVD) is the factorization of a matrix into the product three matrices. SVD allows us to find important components of data and, thus, can be used for dimension reduction or denoising. We introduce SVD based methods for QRS detection and ECG denoising, especially for short unknown signal segments, and show application results.