bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 vaccine: Potential candidates, achievements, and challenges
Authors: Muhammad Shoaib  , Ahmad Waheed  , Muhammad Wajid  , Hafiza Urwa  , Tehmina Khan  , Muhammad Saleem Khan  , Muhammad Waseem Aslam  , Shabbir Ahmad  , Kamran Jafar  , Hasnain Akmal  , Muhammad Iqbal Mahmood  , Samrina Shamim
Published: June 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS]-CoV-2, which is the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 [COVID-19] disease, has engulfed more than 2.4 million people and still counting. As this pandemic is at its peak and is responsible for more than 100 million infected people worldwide, there is an urgent need to develop an effective vaccine to stop the COVID-19 disease. More than 220 vaccine candidates are in the pre-development stage while 15 candidates are in the developmental stage, from which Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, and some other vaccines have received approval by some countries for emergency use only. Fever, tiredness, headache, joint pain, swelling at the injection site and some other common effects have been found by using these vaccines. Efficacy, rapid mass production, and long-term immunity as well as acceptance of vaccination by society are the main challenges in developing a safe vaccine against COVID-19 despite the fact that some vaccines have over 90% efficiency against COVID-19 and are useful in developing immunity as well.
THE LIFESTYLE OF THE AKHAL-TEKE OASIS TURKMENS IN THE NOVEL OF V. P. CHEREVANSKY “UNDER THE BATTLE FIRE”
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economicsˮ, Pochekaev Roman Yu.
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes data on the realities of Turkmen life before and during the Akhal-Teke expedition of 1880–1881 contained in the novel “Under the battle fire” by V. P. Cherevansky, а highranking statesman, scientist and famous writer of the second half of 19th — early 20th century, who himself was a participant of this expedition. In addition to the main plotline, the novel describes specific features of relations between various Turkmen tribes and their leaders, position of Turkmens towards neighbor states such as The Emirate of Bukhara, The Khanate of Khiva, Persia, their relations with the Russian and British Empires during the process of joining the Central Asia to Russia. Together with invented characters (or figured under false names) real historical figures are acted in the novel: general M. D. Skobelev, colonel Petrusevich, Turkmen leader Tykma-sardar, orientalist A. Vambery, English journalist E. O’Donnovan and others. V. P. Cherevansky’s personal acquaintance with his characters allowed him to faithfully describe Turkmen realities during the “extreme” period of their life (before and during the joining of the Akhal-Teke oasis to the Russian Empire) and enliven information of his contemporaries and scholars avoiding “oriental” views typical for contemporary western and some Russian literati.
Experiencias sensitivas entre _Object/Subject_ de John Hejduk, una performance de Connie Beckley y un poema de David Shapiro
Authors: Barberá Pastor Carlos
Published: June 2021

La investigación analiza una performance de Connie Beckley que tuvo lugar en el Great Hall de la Universidad de las Artes de Filadelfia frente a la pieza Object/Subject. El acto se llevó a cabo en la inauguración de la exposición titulada «John Hejduk: The Riga Project», celebrada entre el 20 de noviembre y el 22 de diciembre de 1987. En la investigación se analiza la performance, un poema de David Shapiro y la pieza de John Hejduk. El trabajo estudia la relación de los hechos desgranando un análisis al poema como medio para investigar el conjunto de la expresión artística y los vínculos no aparentes entre objetos y personas, y la fuerza del texto escrito cuando es declamado mediante una pantalla de televisión. La investigación trata de examinar cuestiones concretas acontecidas en una experiencia artística.
Hacia una redefinición de la performance a partir de su documentación. Una sospecha sobre su ingreso en el museo
Authors: Ayerbe Elola Nerea
Published: June 2021

Desde su surgimiento a finales de los 50, la performance se ha definido como una acción efímera que transcurre en copresencia física del artista y el espectador en un lugar y tiempo determinados. De esta definición ontológica de la performance se ha derivado con frecuencia la imposibilidad de su documentación, con el argumento de que esta resultaría infiel a su propia razón de ser. Pero lo cierto es que este paradigma se ha visto desmentido en la práctica en dos sentidos: de un lado, por la propia historia de la performance, que no obedece a una constante desaparición, y, de otro, por el trato que recibe la performance en los museos de arte contemporáneo. Tomando conciencia de esta situación y recogiendo el debate generado por la permanencia de la performance, esta investigación propone una nueva comprensión de la performance que tenga en cuenta la relevancia de su materialización.
Speech recognition as one of the methods for determining the mental state of a person.
Authors:   Laboratory of Radio electronics of the Institute of Physics and Technology of the Academy of Sciences of Mongolia, Mongola, Zandan B. , Baskakov A.I. ,   Department of Radio Engineering Devices and Antenna Systems of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute (National Research University), Russia, Odsuren B. ,   Laboratory of Radio electronics of the Institute of Physics and Technology of the Academy of Sciences of Mongolia, Mongola,   Department of Radio Engineering Devices and Antenna Systems of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute (National Research University), Russia
Published: June 2021

In this work, we investigated the work of a neural network for recognizing speech in the Mongolian language and the emotional state in it. For the experiment, we used four commonly used words, which are composed of frequently used consonants and vowels. Emotional states in the speech were selected taking into account further research on changes in human mental disorders. For the analysis, we used a database of speeches of 12 men and women with eight types of emotions. Neural eat recognizes words by syllables with an efficiency of up to 96 percent, and emotions - up to 80 percent. These results show that for further analysis of human mental disorders, it remains only to collect a database from the speeches of patients of the relevant medical institutions.
Architecture without Man: New Development Scenarios of Infrastructure and Innovation in Trieste
Authors: Bisiani Thomas
Published: June 2021

The study investigates the possibility of developing infrastructure in Trieste, as a larger system, on an international scale: The Belt and Road Initiative. The consequences of this development, in a city rich of research facilities and innovation centers, are innovative and propose new questions on the evolution of architecture and of landscapes linked to logistics and infrastructure and on the material and spatial consequences of digitalization. The research defines a set of specific possible project proposals, compatible or alternative to one another, but that once analyzed, they all underline how mankind seems progressively emarginated from these places. The architecture of the physical and immaterial infrastructures begins to light a new question, how its nature can appear both, anthropic and unrecognizably alien. It is about elements that are creating a real ecosystem at the global scale, essential to the maintenance of our way of life, but with respect to which we have become strangers.
ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM AS A DECISION SUPPORT PROCESS TOOLKIT IN THE LOGISTIC FIRM TURNOVER
Authors: Kovalev Vladimir , Averchenkova Elena , Averchenkov Andrey
Published: June 2021

The features of the decision-making at a logistics enterprise are shown. The assignment problem solution on the example of a specific commodity item made it possible to determine the directions of increasing the efficiency of the warehouse complex functioning, to propose the distribution of goods by cells, to find the optimal option for storing goods in the warehouse of a specific logistics enterprise.
MODELING AND AUTOMATING AN ASSISTANT CONSULTANT FOR THE “MAGNIT” CHAIN OF STORES
Authors: Tischenko Anastasiya , Kazakov Yuriy
Published: June 2021

The article considers modelling a modern automatic consultant-assistant built on up-to-date methods and approaches used in the chatbot development. In the course of the presented research, modern approaches, programming languages, messengers, algorithms for analyzing natural languages are examined. A software module is written and tested to automate users’ consultations on the most frequently asked questions. To fill in and test the chatbot, the data available in the public domain are used. The proposed chatbot showed good results in working with users and was presented to the representatives of the “Magnit” network for analysis and further development.
Komunikasi dan Interaksi Antara Anggota Keluarga yang Mengalami Konflik Akibat Pilkada di Kabupaten Alor
Authors: Buling Nandorari Saptenly , L.S. Soesilo Aloysius
Published: June 2021

Konflik akibat Pilkada yang terjadi di Indonesia tidak hanya terjadi dalam skala yang besar, namun juga bisa terjadi di dalam tingkatan sosial yang paling kecil, yaitu keluarga. Di Kabupaten Alor, konflik keluarga akibat Pilkada sering kali terjadi karena adanya gesekan antara anggota keluarga yang memiliki pilihan politik yang berbeda dari anggota keluarga lainnya. Penelitian sebelumnya mengenai sistem keluarga yang ada di Indonesia memang menunjukkan seperti apa pola hierarki otoritas yang ada di dalam keluarga tradisional di Indonesia, namun tidak menunjukkan bagaimana proses komunikasi yang muncul dalam keluarga di dalam setting masyarakat tradisional, di dalam melaksanakan penyelesaian masalah. Penelitian ini berusaha melihat bagaimana proses komunikasi dalam konflik Pilkada di dalam keluarga tradisional di Kabupaten Alor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-fenomenologis dengan menekankan pengalaman subjektif partisipan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam setting masyarakat tradisional, hierarki otoritas dan ikatan kinship yang dimiliki oleh suatu masyarakat tradisional sangat mempengaruhi pola komunikasi antara anggota keluarga, dan nantinya dapat mempengaruhi pilihan politik anggota keluarga di dalam keluarga terkait. Ikatan kinship juga sangat mempengaruhi proses rekonsiliasi antara anggota keluarga setelah konflik itu selesai.
Grammarly as AI-powered English Writing Assistant: Students’ Alternative for Writing English
Authors: Fitria Tira Nur
Published: June 2021

The presence of ‘Grammarly’ as one of the online grammar checkers as the impact of technology development.  This paper aims to reveal an overview of ‘Grammarly’ as an AI-powered English Writing Assistant for EFL students in Writing English. This research applies descriptive qualitative research. Based on the analysis, using Grammarly software shows the performance increased. Before using Grammarly, the performance of the test score is 34 out of 100. After using Grammarly, the performance text score is 77 out of 100. This score shows the quality of writing in this text increased. The performance can be increased based on Grammarly's suggestions in a Premium account. The researcher recommends the students to use Grammarly. Grammarly is a web tool to perform grammar checks well, starting from the spelling of words, sentence structure to standard grammar. Grammarly is free, so it is recommended for students who want to check various documents or articles in English. Grammarly helps check the grammatical rule, the spelling rule in English structure, also correct errors in writing such as punctuation and capitalization. Grammarly runs on an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system, which is built to analyze English sentences relying on a set of rules. Grammarly takes context when showing corrections or suggestions, and inform the students quickly but still precisely. For accuracy, two service options available both free and paid features. Of course, the Grammarly free version still has limitations and in-service features, unlike the paid version (premium) which has full advantages and benefits, many features, and complete.
O Mito do desenvolvimento sustentável: Meio ambiente e custos sociais no moderno sistema produtor de mercadorias
Authors: Montibeller Gilberto Ristow
Published: June 2021

In this book we analyse the sustainability question in the Modern Production System, which today encompasses most of the world economy. We present concepts, theories, indicators, indices, formulas, methods and historical date to examine the evolution and trends of two sustainable development dimensions: socioeconomic and environmental. We focus on the nature-economy nexus and analyse its contradictory process: the more the economics needs nature, the more its cause natural resources depletion and environmental degradation. The huge increase on CO2 emissions in the last three decades – from oil, coal and another non-renewable resources– provides strong evidence to such contradiction. We then analyze the role of material recycle as a solution against both, resources depletion and environmental degradation. Our analysis suggests that the recycle of materials can only contribute to reduce the problem. Moreover, there cycle process of materials depends, on many cases, of public or social subsidies – as financial incentives from the government and domestic material selection. The environment problem transcends borders (as an enterprise, a village, a city, or a country): one can be sustainable, but in fact transfer to other its environmental problem. We adopt the notion of Environmental Space to deal with the sustainability question. We then present and apply the concept of Eco-inequal Exchange to analyse such a question. The environmental movement, which started about fifty years ago, did transform the sustainable development into a global mission. By exposing socio-environmental problems generated by the modern production system itself, this book aims to contribute to a better understanding the limits and possibilities of ours actions as environmentalists.
Uma escola - Muitas histórias
Authors: Mello Nelci Veiga
Published: June 2021

This work is about a political arm of social movements during the period of 1953 to 1964 in Campo Mourão city. These social movements have had many faces, such as Partido Comunista represented by Saint Benedict village, General Union of Workers, Campina da Lagoa city and Little School of People. The Little School had been founded by bishop Dom Eliseu Simões Mendes when he arrived in Mossoró city, located in Northern of Brazil, where a big ecclesiastical work with poor people was developed. That work have had in its bases one specific theory that believes in one point of view for adult people – education for transformation, in another words – to teach to read and write with real problems that are around you. But in 1964, had a big change side in the brasilian politic. This happening brought the banishment of all those social movements, include Little School of Workers and, in this place, that poor people have had another school only for children.
Cultural Landscape: Brand Knowledge Wisatawan tentang Bali dalam Online Travel Review Communication Platform
Authors: Purnawan Ramaswati , Pitana I Gede , Darma Putra I Nyoman
Published: June 2021

Kebudayaan Bali memiliki peran penting bagi citra dan competitiveness Bali dalam industri pariwisata global dan unsur-unsur budaya telah digunakan sebagai ikon pemasaran pariwisata. Namun demikian, dalam perjalanan kepariwisataan di Bali, motivasi wisatawan berkunjung beragam karena banyaknya alternatif aktivitas wisata ditawarkan di Bali. Di sisi lain, perkembangan teknologi komunikasi merubah trend wisatawan mempersiapkan perjalanan wisata melalui pencarian informasi dengan merujuk ke rekomendasi dari sosial media secara online, salah satu yang populer adalah travel review forum. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui brand knowledge wisatawan tentang Bali melalui mediasi online travel review platform. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survey dengan kuesioner online sebagai instrument penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan metode Spearman Rank Correlation. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eWOM, khususnya online travel review memiliki hubungan yang kuat dan positif terhadap brand knowledge wisatawan bahwa Bali merupakan destinasi wisata alam. Sebaliknya, hubungan yang lemah dan negatif terjadi antara eWOM terhadap brand knowledge wisatawan tentang Bali sebagai destinasi wisata budaya.
THE MOTIVATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROPRIATION: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Authors:   Institute of Social and Political Psychology of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Hubeladze Iryna
Published: June 2021

Ownership is considered as a social and psychological phenomenon based on the basic instinctive need for property, which satisfaction is closely linked to personality formation and group consciousness functioning. Cognitive and emotional attachment between a person and an owned object affects an individual’s self-perception and behavior. The article studies deep experiences underlying a sense of ownership. The motives of psychological appropriation define general directions of human activities and energy applied to them. The main motives of psychological appropriation are control, self-investing into time and resource, intimate knowledge of an owned object, self-efficiency, identity and feeling of belonging. We have substantiated that the satisfaction of property needs helps satisfaction of people’s basic needs: for security, respect and accepting by others, as well as for self-realization and self-determination. The article purpose is to determine empirically basic motives that prompt a person to psychological appropriation of owned objects of various natures: tangible, intangible and abstract. The empirical study on the semantic field of psychological nature of property and motivation of psychological appropriation was represented. Ownership was seen as subjective perception by a person that something belonged to him/her, without binding to the presence or absence of legally recognized laws. We tried to reflect various measurements of psychological possession motivation depending on types of owned objects: material, intangible or abstract. Polls with open issues were carried out among 150 respondents. Each of the respondents were answered a separate question for each type of ownership. The content analysis of the statements was applied in order to analyze the answers. The obtained data on the possessive motivation depending ownership types and an owners gender were presented. There were no significant differences as for age. Three aspects were particularly important to all respondents: (a) impact and control over an owned object, (b) the right to independent, unique use and (c) inaccessibility to others. The results will lay the basis for further scientific exploration in this area.
ON THE ISSUE OF FORMATION OF THE CONCEPT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL NORM IN THE CONTEXT OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE PSYCHOLOGISTS
Authors:   Mukachevo State University, Shtykh Iryna
Published: June 2021

In the process of professional training of future psychologists, the ability to recognize the mental norm and deviations from it to identify resources to maintain a healthy part of the psyche during counseling, correctional or psychotherapeutic work with the client is important. Professional competencies in pathopsychology involve the formation of the concept of norm and pathology in the worldview of future psychologists, because in any activity of a psychologist the forefront is the qualification of the studied psychological phenomenon as normal or pathological. Purpose. The purpose of this article is a theoretical overview of scientific approaches to understanding the concept of the norm in clinical psychology and its field as pathopsychology, to emphasize the relevance of the concept of the psychological norm in students majoring in Psychology during their training Methods. Theoretical research is carried out using methods of historical analysis, comparison, systematization, and interpretation of facts. Originality. Closely related to the concept of the mental norm is the concept of mental and psychological health. The fundamental difference between the terms "mental health" and "psychological health" is that the former characterizes individual mental processes and mechanisms, and the latter - refers to the individual as a whole, is closely related to the manifestations of the human spirit. In the scientific sense, norm and pathology are two extreme points and there is no clear boundary between them, and it is difficult to differentiate them. The continuum between the two extreme points is filled by the so-called boundary conditions. Within the level approach, there are three levels of human existence: somatic, psychological, and level of moral self-awareness. The "ideal norm" can be considered human well-being at all three levels of its existence Conclusion . Theoretical review of the issue, the problem of mental norms has been and remains controversial not only for pathopsychology, but also for related fields, including medicine. The mental norm is a multidimensional and multilevel formation. There are several approaches in the interpretation of this concept: adaptive, statistical, pathopsychological, phenomenological, from the standpoint of the norm - norm, the norm as an ideal, and many others, but there is no exact, generally accepted, indisputable definition, despite many studies. We can see the prospect of further research in the direction of analysis of modern world social and philosophical trends in understanding the norm, pathology, disease and psychological health of the individual and their introduction into the educational process of training future psychologists.
THE COGNITIVE COMPONENT OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine, Bosniuk Valerii , Olefir Valerii ,   V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 changes radically people’s daily lives, endangering their well-being. Under such conditions, knowledge on psychological characteristics of pandemic situation experiencing and its impact on life satisfaction as a component of an individual’s subjective well-being is of paramount importance for solving the mental health problems during the pandemic situation. The sample consisted of 465 people (160 men, 34.4%; 305 women, 65.6%) aged 18 to 85 years (M = 35.53; SD = 11.64). As a result, two-thirds of the respondents indicated that the pandemic significantly affected their lives. This was a situation with a high stress-cumulating potential. About 65% of the respondents were worried about possible economic losses, 35% had already experienced worsened financial income. The third of the respondents noted that their professional prospects had deteriorated. Most respondents were concerned about the potential risk of virus contracting. Health changes during introduced restrictive measures because of the pandemic were not felt by most respondents. The assessed impact of the coronavirus pandemic on people’s life was related to the respondents’ perceptions of changes in their professional, financial spheres, health and to the anxiety about possible future negative economic and medical consequences. An individual’s subjective conclusion on the pandemic’s impact did not depend, in general, on socio-demographic factors. According to E. Diner’s model, our results show in favour of the stability of the cognitive component of an individual’s subjective well-being after almost a year of coronavirus in Ukraine. At the moment, there is no reason to claim changes in assessed life satisfaction. It is possible that these results demonstrate only initial changes in the pandemic situation and/or coronavirus stress factors on life satisfaction are mediated by personal characteristics, which are promising areas for further research. The higher life satisfaction was, the less noticeable the negative consequences of COVID-19 were.
Penggunaan Animasi Timelapse Citra Satelit Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Dampak Perubahan Iklim
Authors: Fariz Trida Ridho , Nurhafizah
Published: June 2021

Proses pembelajaran perubahan iklim terhitung sulit dikarenakan materinya bersifat abstrak, sehingga dibutuhkan sebuah media pelajaran yang menarik. Aplikasi geemap adalah timelapse animation generator berbasis Google Earth Engine, yang mana mampu membuat animasi timelapse citra satelit tanpa proses penyuntingan script.Pembuatan animasi timelapse citra satelit menjadi lebih mudah menggunakan aplikasi geemap. Studi kasus yang dipilih adalah perubahan garis pantai di bagian timur Teluk Semarang, karena dampak yang terjadi sangat masif sehingga terlihat jelas perubahannya melalui citra satelit. Adapun parameter yang digunakan untuk membuat animasi timelapse adalah komposit citra SWIR/NIR/Red, hal ini dikarenakan komposit tersebut dinilai paling baik untuk memvisualisasikan perubahan garis pantai.
A critical assessment of reconsolidation interference as a tool for therapeutic forgetting
Authors: Schroyens Natalie , Beckers Tom , Luyten Laura
Published: June 2021

Re-exposure to elements of prior experiences can create opportunities for inducing amnesia for those events. The dominant theoretical framework posits that such re-exposure can result in memory destabilization, making the memory representation temporarily sensitive to disruption while it awaits reconsolidation. If veritable, a mechanism that allows for memories to be permanently changed could have important implications for the treatment of several forms of psychopathology. However, the way reconsolidation theory is currently formulated and applied to account for empirical data hampers scientific and clinical progress. Theoretical and methodological advances are essential for a fruitful translation of reminder-dependent amnesia into clinical treatment.
Analisis Model Pembelajaran Hipotesis Deduktif Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Siswa pada Materi Gerak Harmonik Sederhana
Authors: anggiani  , Nana
Published: June 2021

This study aims to analyze the physics learning process with a deductive hypothesis learning model on students' understanding of concepts in simple harmonic motion material. The method used in this study is a literature study by reviewing some of the literature to be analyzed and concluded.
A typology of secondary research in Applied Linguistics
Authors: Chong Sin Wang , Plonsky Luke
Published: June 2021

Secondary research is burgeoning in the field of Applied Linguistics, taking the form of both narrative literature review and especially more systematic research synthesis. Clearly purposed and methodologically sound secondary research contributes to the field because it provides useful and reliable summaries in a given domain, facilitates research dialogues between sub-fields, and reduces redundancies in the published literature. It is important to understand that secondary research is an umbrella term which includes numerous types of literature review. In this commentary, we present a typology of 13 types of well-established and emergent types of secondary research in Applied Linguistics. Employing a four-dimensional analytical framework, focus, review process, structure, and representation of text of the 13 types of secondary research are discussed, supported with examples. This article ends with recommendations for conducting secondary research and calls for further inquiry into field-specific methodology of secondary research.
Volume 1 No.2. Tinjauan Teologis Tentang Penginjilan Dalam Konteks Indonesia
Authors: susanto hery
Published: June 2021

The term evangelism broadly has the meaning of proclaiming the good news to others, but it is specifically interpreted as an effort to convey the gospel to others and often causes fear to the news bearers because they already have their respective beliefs. It is very different from what should happen as in the Bible in that they preach the news of joy without fear because it is a fact and joy follows them. Jesus' disciples convey it lightly because it is a grace that they can proclaim their happiness and joy based on what they experience. Meanwhile, in the context of Indonesia, evangelism becomes a place for debate and rubs against the spirit of brotherhood and tolerance. So how exactly should this evangelism be carried out in the Indonesian context theologically with regard to apologetics, conversion and transformation.Keywords: evangelism, apologetics, conversion, transformation
Plant viral nanoparticles can be used in biological systems for loading and transporting cargo
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

PVNPs (plant viral nanoparticles) can be used in biological systems for loading and transporting cargo. Small dimensions, high avidity target binding due to numerous targeting ligands per PVNP, configurable and modular physicochemical characteristics, image multiplexing capacity and concomitant capability for massive payload distribution in diverse situations are all aspects contributing to their use. Highly useful materials can be created for future purposes due to physicochemical and genetic alterations. PVNPs can be tailored and loaded for specific applications using physical techniques allowing cargo to be loaded through physical interactions; chemical techniques linking cargo or targeting ligands to external or internal capsid; genetic techniques allowing precise and repeatable manipulations; and combined techniques combining multiple loading methods to generate more options. To optimize loading, selecting the most effective way to match the appropriate cargo is important. Loading and releasing cargo from the particles are essential elements of PVNP-based delivery systems, and both operations are often connected. PVNP's characteristics, the cargo to be loaded, and the rationale for producing the unique nanoparticle all impact whether the techniques are optimal for a given system.
Tugas Proposal Penelitian Akuntansi Keperilakuan (Irvinza Reza N. Siroen_18.121.008_A1) Universitas Yapis Papua
Authors: Siroen Irvinza Reza Nuzulqa
Published: June 2021

Pajak merupakan kontribusi wajib kepada negara yang terutang oleh orang pribadi atau badan yang bersifat memaksa berdasarkan Undang - Undang, dengan tidak mendapatkan imbalan secara langsung dan digunakan untuk keperluan negara bagi sebesar-besarnya kemakmuran rakyat. Usaha, Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) hadir sebagai solusi yang tepat menunjang perekonomian Indonesia. Tujuan UMKM adalah untuk menciptakan peluang kerja yang cukup besar bagi tenaga kerja dalam negeri, sehingga sangat membantu upaya mengurangi pengangguran, serta, meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi negara.
Does bilingual experience influence statistical language learning?
Authors: Aguasvivas Jose Armando , Carreiras Manuel
Published: June 2021

Bilingual experience may confer advantages in statistical language learning tasks. Given that SL tasks can measure different aspects of foreign language learning, which aspects benefit from bilingual experience is still largely unexplored. Here, we compared a Spanish monolingual and two (Spanish-Basque and Spanish-English) bilingual groups across three well-established SL tasks. Each task targeted a different aspect of foreign language learning as a proxy—i.e., word segmentation, morphological rule generalization, and word-referent learning. In Experiment 1, we manipulated sub-lexical phonotactic patterns to vary the difficulty of three SL tasks, and the results showed no differences between the groups in word segmentation. In Experiment 2, we included non-adjacent dependencies to target affixal morphology rule learning, and again there were no differences between the groups. Finally, Experiment 3 addressed word learning using a more challenging audio-visual SL task combining exclusive and multiple word-referent mappings. We observed a bilingual experience effect only for the exclusive mappings but not for the multiple mappings. These results suggest that bilingual experience might mainly exert influences on statistical language learning at the lexical level. We discuss these findings by contextualizing SL as a cognitive mechanism, an experimental task, and a proxy for foreign language learning, highlighting the strengths and limitations in detecting bilingual experience effects.
Long-term trends in the gender income gap within couples. West-Germany, 1978-2011
Authors: Haupt Andreas , Strauss Susanne
Published: June 2021

Over the past 50 years, women in Western societies have increased their level of education and their participation in the labour market. Nevertheless, they continue to contribute significantly less to a couple’s income than their male partners. Here, we ask how the gender income gap within couples has changed over the past decades and in which groups it has decreased or increased. We synthesize streams of argumentation regarding the sources of changes in the gap into one broad perspective on the changing opportunities available to coupled women to convert their income potential into actual income contributions, and how this relates to the income trends of their male counterparts. Using German Microcensus data, we show that West German women contributed 16.5% to couples’ income in 1978 and had increased their contribution to 30.1% by 2011. Our decompositions reveal that women contributed to this mostly by changes in composition, namely due to being more highly educated and working longer hours. Women contributed very little due to increased income returns. Income trends of non-working women are a notable exception. In contrast, men contributed to the trend with changes in income returns. Their higher education and full-time premiums have been a strong counter to the overall trend.
Clinical Pattern of Pediatric Dermatoses Attending a Multi-Specialty Hospital
Authors: Jha Harendra Kumar
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Pediatric dermatoses deal with skin disease in children from birth to 18 years. This age group comprises significant physiological changes, and hence the pattern of disease including skin disease is unique to them. Skin diseases are influenced by the local climatic factor and socio-economic status which differ in different geographic areas including within the country.

Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze the clinical spectrum of skin disease in children from 1 day to 18 years of age and to find any seasonal influence on the disease pattern.

Methodology: The study was conducted retrospectively in a multi- specialty hospital from May 2014 to April 2015. Data of children from 1 day to 18 years of age were analyzed. Demographic details like age, sex, ethnicity was noted. The month and season of the presentation were also recorded. Patient with a confirmed clinical diagnosis and adequate data was included in the study. Patients were divided into 5 age groups; neonate (0 days to 1 month), infant (1 month to 2 years), young child (2-6 years), child (6-12 years), and adolescent (12-18 years). Data were entered in Microsoft excel and analysis was done with SPSS version 22 along with the Chi-square test.

Result: There were 20.65% of pediatric patients out of 3292 patients visiting skin OPD. The male to female ratio was 1.63:1. The majority of the cases (47.8%) were in the adolescent age group. Infection and infestation were the predominant diagnosis (56.02%), followed by eczema (15.88%) and urticaria (6.47%). Among infection, fungal infection was seen as the majority (26.17%).Papular urticaria and urticaria were significantly (p-value <0.05) more common in summer, while scabies was more common in the spring season (p-value <0.05).

Conclusion: Infection and infestation followed by eczema/dermatitis and urticaria were the three most common groups of dermatoses. There was a seasonal influence on a few common dermatoses like scabies, urticaria and papular urticaria.
Modified Limberg Flap Cover for Recurrent Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal Sinus: Our Experience at a Medical College In Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Budhi Nath , Bhattarai Abhishek , Devkota Pragya , Khatiwada Sushma
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Pilonidal sinus is an inflammatory disease seen mostly in the intergluteal region of young males. Although any treatment strategy of this condition is generally free of life-threatening complications due to its superficial nature, it is still a feared disease because of recurrence which greatly increases the morbidity.

Objective: To investigate the results of wide rhomboid excision and modified Limberg transposition flap reconstruction to treat recurrent pilonidal sinus.

Methodology: Well-documented records of all patients with recurrent sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus who underwent wide excision and a modified Limberg transposition flap at our center during the past 3 years and followed up for longer than 12 months were analyzed. The modification primarily consisted of an asymmetrically rotated rhomboid excision and lateralization of the lower midline. Patient demographics, days of hospitalization, complications, patient satisfaction and recurrence rates were evaluated.

Result: Most patients in the study were overweight. No relationship was detected between BMI and number of sinus openings, hospital stay, drain placement or recurrences but an association with infection was noted. The number of pilonidal sinus orifices did not have a correlation with age, number of previous surgeries, duration of hospital stay or drains placement. The mean duration of hospitalization was 7.89 ± 3.41 days and the mean duration of suction drainage was 6.33±2.87 days. Half of our patients developed complications in the postoperative period. The only patient who developed superficial wound infection stayed the most in the hospital. All patients had some complaints regarding the operation site; however, they were satisfied with the result of the operation and had no recurrence at 12 months of follow-up.

Conclusion: Rhomboid excision of recurrent sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus with modified Limberg flap closure is a promising surgical technique with advantages of a good patient satisfaction and no recurrence after a year of surgery.
Astigmatic Changes in Sutureless Small Incision Cataract Surgery
Authors: Yadav Roshan Dev , Bajracharya Kabindra , Shrestha Neelam , Joshi Kriti , Gupta Aman Kumar
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Cataract is the main cause of bilateral blindness in Nepal. Surgery is the accepted treatment option for cataract with Small incision Cataract Surgery (SICS) and Phacoemusification being the common procedures being performed with comparable results. Corneal astigmatism has been a byproduct of cataract surgery since the first limbal incision was made with improved techniques. Self-sealing scleral pocket incisions are stable and provides early healing, faster visual restoration and more importantly superior astigmatism control. A variety of scleral incisions are being used in manual SICS, with the aim of keeping the post-operative astigmatism to a minimum. Despite having many techniques of scleral incision, there have been only few studies which compares surgical induced astigmatism (SIA) between them

Objective: To determine surgical induced astigmatism following frown, chevron and straight incision forms in suture-less small incision cataract surgery(SICS).

Methodology: A prospective study was done on a total of 120 patients aged 40years and above with senile cataract. The patients were randomly divided into three groups where each group received specific incision- Straight, Frown and Chevron. SICS with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation was performed. The patients were compared on 2 weeks and 6 weeks post operatively for uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and keratometric reading. Surgical induced astigmatism (SIA) was calculated using the SIA calculator version 2.0. The study was analysed using SPSS version 20.0.

Results: At 6 weeks UCVA of 6/18-6/6 was attained by 63.41%, 78.94% and 84.61% of patients in group straight, frown and chevron. However about 97% of patients attained BCVA of 6/18-6/6 in all three groups. Mean SIA was least in Chevron group (0.30 D ± 0.16) and was most in the straight group (1.22 D ±0.36) which was statistically significant.

Conclusion: Chevron incision induces the least astigmatism compared to frown and straight incision.
Histopathological Study of Cystoscopic Bladder Biopsies in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Dhakal Rachana , Joshi Hem Nath , Makaju Ramesh , Sigdel Shailendra
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Non-neoplastic urinary bladder lesions are not life threatening, but are an important source to cause clinical symptoms and signs. However, neoplasms of the bladder are a source of morbidity, mortality, and exhibit more clinical challenges. Cystoscopy provides overall information about an anatomical/pathological condition of the urinary bladder which will be helpful for patients' management. A cystoscopic biopsy is a primary diagnostic tool for diagnosing urinary bladder cancer.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to find the frequency and histomorphological characteristics of urinary bladder lesions in Dhulikhel Hospital, to find the clinical presentation of urinary bladder lesions and to grade the urothelial tumors based on the World Health Organization (WHO)/ International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) classification 2004.

Methodology: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study carried out in the Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital. Convenient sampling was done. All cystoscopy biopsies received from January 2014 to December 2018 were studied. All tissue blocks were retrieved, cut, and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. The stained slides were examined under a light microscope by the primary investigator.

Result: A total of 70 cystoscopic biopsies were analyzed. The majority of patients 20 (28.6%) were in the age group between 60 and 69 years and males were predominant 43 (61.4%). The neoplastic lesions constituted 40 (57.1%) of all bladder lesions, among them urothelial carcinoma accounted for 38 (54.2%). Similarly, chronic cystitis 27(38.6%) was the most common non-neoplastic lesion.

Conclusion: The study found that the neoplastic lesions were commonly encountered in urinary bladder lesions. Among them, lowgrade urothelial carcinoma was the most common bladder tumor. However, most of the non-neoplastic lesions were inflammatory in origin. Cystoscopy combined with histomorphological examination helps in the early detection of bladder lesions.
Growth Parameters of Exclusively Breastfed versus Non-Exclusively Fed Infants in the First 5 Months of Life before Introduction of Semi-Solid Foods
Authors: Gauchan Eva
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Exclusive breast-feeding has many advantages over nonexclusive feeding; better growth and lower risks of infections being most important. The aim of this study was to find the hospital prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding, find any differences in growth and morbidity patterns in babies who were exclusively breast-fed as compared to those who were not.

Methodology: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study over a period of one year which enrolled infants 1.5 months, 2.5 months, 3.5 months and 5 months of age who were on exclusive breast-feeding or non-exclusive feeding and who had not been started on semi-solid foods. Growth and morbidity patterns were recorded. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 25. Continuous variables were reported as median [IQR] while categorical variables were reported as absolute number (%). Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test were used to find the level of significance respectively.

Results: The hospital prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding was found to be 62%. Weight for age was significantly higher in infants who were on exclusive breast-feeding (p=<.05) at 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 months of age. Similarly length for age was higher in infants at 1.5 months (p=.034) of age but there after no difference was seen. Undernutrition was seen in 5.5% of non-exclusively fed infants as compared to 0.9% of exclusively breast-fed babies (p=<.001). Illnesses like pneumonia, diarrhea, ear infection and urinary tract infection were seen more in infants who were on nonexclusive feeding as opposed to infants who were exclusively breast-fed (p=<.05).

Conclusions: Exclusively breast-fed babies have betier growth in terms of weight and lesser morbidities as compared to those babies who are non-exclusively fed.
Lower Segment Cesarean Section for Guillain- Barre Syndrome - A Novel Anaesthetic Technique
Authors: Bhattarai Rupak , Lamichhane Sabina , Das Chitta Ranjan
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Guillain Barre Syndrome in pregnant ladies, undergoing cesarean section, has not yet reported in Nepal. Anaesthetic management of 15 patients with Guillain Barre Syndrome who underwent lower segment cesarean section at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital is reported here.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the benefits of Rectus sheath nerve block along with infiltration of retropubic space of Retzius in Guillain Barre syndrome patients planned for lower segment cesarean section (LSCS).

Methodology: During the period from 1st August 2015 to 31st April 2020 at NMCTH, a retrospective descriptive analysis of 15 pregnant ladies with Guillain Barre Syndrome who underwent lower segment cesarean section under Rectus sheath nerve block along with Retro pubic space of Retzius, infiltration and visceral peritoneum infiltration is discussed.

Result: Considering Surgeons opinion about the operating conditions like Relaxation, Straining, Coughing, Bucking, Satisfactory to good operative conditions were reported. Excellent to good satisfaction was expressed by 39.9% of patients, 60% patients reported satisfactory. Hypotension and Arrhythmias was seen in 2 patients. Diaphoresis was seen in 1 patient. Fetomaternal outcome was good. There was no mortality.

Conclusion: Rectus sheath block along with infiltration of retro pubic space of Retzius block can be considered as a good alternative to general anaesthesia or neuraxial block incase where general anesthesia & neuraxial block is risky or contraindicated for lower segment cesarean section in patients with Guillain Barre Syndrome.