bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Because Individual Determinants Matter: A Theoretical Extension of Peterson’s Organizational Employee Persistence Model
Authors: Frincu Cristina Stefania , Negruti Andreea
Published: October 2015

The world is changing rapidly and the need to adapt and develop presses individuals in a tremendous way to make fast personal and professional decisions in order to face the new challenges. The constant evolution at a global level inevitably translates into changes in the organizational environment, where employees need to develop their authentic professional story, need to define their goals and become competent in the decision making process regarding their career paths.The self-perceived performance analysis, the relationships with co-workers, the employees’ interest about their career growth and work-life balance proved to be strategic contributions in explaining the turnover in the Model of Organizational Persistence proposed and validated by Shari L. Peterson (2004). Our paper proposes and tests an extension of Peterson’s approach by adding two more personality traits in the model: dispositional authenticity and motivational persistence, with the scope to define a more specific map of the dynamic relationships built between employees and their organization, as we believe that turnover could be managed not just directly by organizations, but also indirectly, by employees, throughout their career management decisions.This article’s findings could be valuable for both employees - who want to effectively manage their careers, and organizations, aiming to attract, understand, develop and retain talents.
Factors Influencing the Choice of Marketing Outlets among Small-Scale Pineapple Farmers in Kericho County, Kenya
Authors: Sigei Geoffrey , K. Hillary Bett , K. Jonah Kiprop , O. Timothy Odipo
Published: October 2015

Markets act as pivotal point in the agricultural transformation process. Access to market plays crucial role in exploiting the marketing opportunities for the pineapple farmers. In the study area, the strategies to unlock the market access among pineapple farmers are wanting and these have resulted to limited marketing outlets. This study therefore seeks to determine the factors influencing the choice of pineapple marketing outlets in Bureti district. The cross-sectional data were collected from a sample of 100 small-scale pineapple farmers. Data was analyzed using descriptive and Multinomial Logit model. The results showed that gender, group marketing, pineapple produce, price information, marketing under contract and vehicle ownership significantly influenced the choice of pineapple marketing outlets. The study has potential policy implication of improving the pineapple marketing performance and the welfare of the farmer. 
The Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility towards the Development of the Rural Communities: Case Studies in North Sumatera, Republic of Indonesia
Authors: Abdul Ghani Muhammad , Sirojuzilam Sirojuzilam , Badaruddin Badaruddin , Rujiman Rujiman
Published: October 2015

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has strategic goals to maintain a harmonious relationship and contribute to socio-economic impacts on the surrounding communities. Therefore, CSR could be seen as a part of planning and development program in the particular area. This study focuses on oil palm plantation companies. This study aims to (1) analyze and assess the effect of CSR program in the development of rural areas around the estate by using indicators of socio-economic impact; (2) Analyze and assess the effect of intervening variables Integrated CSR Implementation to the socio-economic impact on local communities; (3) Analyze and assess the effect of CSR on the social impact of surrounding communities; (4) Analyze and assess the effect of CSR on the economic impact of surrounding communities; (5) Based on point 1 to 4, it could be shaped the Strategic Model of Integrated CSR Program. This research conducted in PTPN IV Pabatu Estate, District of Serdang Bedagai, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The selection method uses multistage random sampling technique. Total sample is 367 respondents, by using analytical methods Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).

There is a Causal Relationship between the Input of CSR and an Integrated CSR Implementation, this is indicated by CSR Input (X) is significant and has positive impacts on the implementation of Integrated CSR (Y). The direct effect of the application of CSR (X) on the Implementation of Integrated CSR (Y) is 0.988. It means whenever there is an increase in the performance of the application of CSR (X) it will improve the implementation of Integrated CSR (Y) which is equal to 0.988 units. The results show that the model-based of Intervening Integrated CSR provides a significant and positive effect on socio-economic aspects thus The Strategic Program of Integrated CSR Model is very appropriate to be applied in the realization of an integrated and sustainable palm oil industry.
Development of Marriage and Family Relationships in the Northern Regions of Russia
Authors: Popova Larisa A. , S. Barashkova Anastasiya
Published: October 2015

The article deals with the mechanism of modern demographic development in Russia’s northern regions. The article studies the dynamics of marriage processes in the North in the post-war period, and reveals the current specifics of marriage and family relations. The authors analyze in more detail the situation in the two big northern republics: the Komi Republic and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). They identify factors that determined a significant decrease of marriage rate in the 1990s and the relative normalization of marital and family processes in recent years. The article outlines the main directions of demographic policies in the northern regions.
Comparative Assessment of Wiper and Conventional Carbide Inserts on Surface Roughness in the Turning of High Strength Steel
Authors: Taha Mohamed Abbas Adel
Published: October 2015

Wiper inserts have the characteristics of eliminating many grinding operations and achieving an excellent surface. They also improve component quality and roundness compared with grinding. This paper exposes a performance comparative analysis, involving the criteria of surface roughness (Ra, Rt and Rz) during high strength steel’s turning operation, between the conventional and wiper inserts. The main parameters considered in this study are; the speed of cutting (CS), the feed rate (FR), and the cutting depth (DOC). The test plan was carried-out through (128) test specimens divided into two equal sample groups (A and B), each consists of (64) test specimens. Specimens of group (A) and (B) are tested using wiper and conventional inserts respectively. To apply the required testing conditions, a CNC Turning machine equipped with Sinumeric 840-D, was used. The surface roughness was evaluated using a surface roughness tester (Tesa-rugosurf 90- G). The most important parameters affecting the surface roughness are highlighted. Statistical tests used for this study including the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the response surface methodology (RSM) are presented. The results show the significance of cutting depth and feed rate in the reduction of surface roughness. The machining conditions producing the optimum roughness of the surface, in the experiment range, were investigated using desirability-function-approach for the optimization of multiple-factors of response. The results showed that the quality of surface derived with the wiper carbide insert has significant improvement in comparison to the conventional carbide insert. The maximum improvement of 3.5 times between the wiper insert and conventional insert was achieved at a surfacing speed of 75 meter/min and is limited to 3, 2.5 and 2 times for a surfacing speed of 100, 125 and 150 meter/min, respectively.
New Government Accountability Office Report on Regenerative Medicine Provides an Excellent Assessment of the Field
Authors: Murphy Sean V. , Atala Anthony
Published: October 2015

The U.S. Government Accountability Office has released a report on the federal activities that have an impact on the field of regenerative medicine. Federal investment, information sharing, and challenges of the field are described. This report is valuable in defining the state of the field and accurately gauging its emerging impact
Efecto del agua tratada magnéticamente en la recuperación de plántulas de adenanthera pavonina en estrés climático
Authors: Rapôso Nádia Verçosa de Medeiros , Boix Yilan Fung , Manrrique Clara Esther Martínez , Dubois Albys Esther Ferrer , Kindelan Guillermo Asanza , González Fidel Gilart
Published: October 2015

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la influencia del agua tratada bajo una inducción magnética constante de 0,12 T en la recuperación de las plántulas de Adenanthera pavonina, después de ser damnificadas por un huracán. El cultivo se realizó en invernadero, con sustrato compuesto por materia orgánica y arena (1:1); la desinfección y escarificación química de las semillas se efectuó con ácido sulfúrico (98 %) y ácido bórico (5 %). Se evaluaron la longitud, el diámetro del tallo y el número de hojas por un período de 12 semanas. La aplicación del agua de riego tratada magnéticamente produjo un aumento estadísticamente significativo, en la longitud y el diámetro del tallo, no siendo así para la emisión de las hojas en esta fase de desarrollo. Los resultados confirmaron que el agua de riego, con tratamiento magnético de 0,12 T, puede ser empleada como estimulante del crecimiento en esta especie forestal y en la recuperación de plantas dañadas por cambios climáticos.
Rendimento e composição corporal de Brycon orthotaenia estocados em tanques-rede sob diferentes densidades
Authors: Mattos Bruno Olivetti de , Leal Renato Silva , Carvalho Guilherme Cleto de , Pimenta Maria Emília de Sousa Gomes , Freitas Rilke Tadeu Fonseca de , Costa Adriano Carvalho
Published: October 2015

A ciência sobre a composição bromatológica do pescado no cenário mercadológico se torna imprescindível, uma vez que o consumidor está atento cada vez mais com o produto de melhor qualidade nutricional e com seu processamento, que irá determinar a qualidade do produto, os rendimentos e cortes comerciais. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição bromatológica e os rendimentos corporais de Brycon orthotaenia estocados em tanques-rede sob diferentes densidades. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, utilizando 5.280 juvenis, os quais foram distribuídos em 16 tanques-rede de 4m³ em quatro densidades de estocagem (45, 70, 95, 120 juvenis/m³) e quatro repetições. Durante o período experimental os peixes foram alimentados até a saciedade aparente com ração comercial de 40% de proteína bruta. Ao final do experimento foi realizada a despesca total dos tanques-rede, sendo os peixes insensibilizados por meio da secção da medula. Em seguida, 10% dos peixes de cada tanque-rede foram pesados e dessecados para obtenção dos rendimentos corporais, e moídos para o estudo da composição bromatológica. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste de Lilliefors para verificação da normalidade. Posteriormente, os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão linear, optando-se pela equação de melhor ajuste aos dados. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para o rendimento corporal e composição bromatológica. Avaliando os resultados, pode-se concluir que a densidade de estocagem de Brycon orthotaenia até 120 peixes/m³, não representou efeitos negativos sobre o rendimento corporal e composição bromatológica dos peixes.
A educação ambiental na prática docente: ensino infantil e fundamental na escola municipal Francisca Mendes da Silva – Santana do Matos (RN)
Authors: Cunha Vanessa Tainara da , Cunha Valeria Tatiany da , Costa Andrezza Grasielly , Cunha Emanoela Magna da , Oliveira Ludimilla Carvalho Serafim de
Published: October 2015

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de identificar se a Escola Francisca Mendes da Silva - Santana do Matos/RN trabalha com Educação Ambiental, e qual a sua importância na formação de alunos do ensino infantil e fundamental, a partir da análise das políticas educacionais e do papel da escola e dos professores neste processo. O trabalho aborda a ação e perspectiva dos professores a cerca da ação sociocultural e a responsabilidade de estimular a participação comunitária e cidadã. A ação político-ideológico é uma manifestação crítica da realidade para promover alternativas em relação à problemática ambiental, e para a ação pedagógica na elaboração de modelos didáticos alternativos, capazes de promover diferentes tipos de aprendizagens e estimular novos comportamentos em relação ao contexto ambiental. Para a construção do trabalho, tomou como base à etnografia, um tipo de pesquisa social com base empírica que busca a resolução de um problema coletivo, sendo que de alguma forma os pesquisadores e os participantes representativos da situação ou problema estão envolvidos de modo cooperativo ou participativo. Desse modo foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado, ao qual o entrevistado (a) teve a liberdade de responder sem a interferência do entrevistador. Dos dez (10) professores que trabalham e atuam no ensino infantil e fundamental da referida escola, apenas oito (8) responderam o questionário. Diante do que foi observado durante o período de construção deste trabalho constatou-se que são muitas as maneiras de se trabalhar a Educação Ambiental na escola em estudo, basta que à iniciativa surja dos professores, sendo que não necessariamente de maneira formal, mas no cotidiano da sala de aula, aproveitando que as crianças são facilmente seduzidas pelo meio que as cerca.
A percepção dos recicladores da cidade de Santa Maria (RS)
Authors: Barbieri da Rosa Luciana Aparecida , Kneipp Jordana Marques , Gomes Clandia Maffini , Frizzo Kamila
Published: October 2015

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a percepção dos recicladores da cidade de Santa Maria(RS), a partir da instalação de contêineres para armazenamento de lixo. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como qualitativa e a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas exploratórias semi-estruturadas com os recicladores da Vila Maringá, munícipio de Santa Maria(RS), no primeiro semestre de 2010. Evidenciou-se que a maior parte dos moradores da Vila Maringá são catadores de materiais recicláveis e se sustentam a partir deste trabalho. Os recicladores ressaltaram que antes da implantação dos contêineres o acesso aos materiais recicláveis era mais fácil, já que os materiais eram coletados diretamente das lixeiras e encontrava-se maior quantidade de materiais. Após a instalação dos contêineres, os recicladores relataram várias dificuldades, tais como: maior dificuldade na coleta uma vez que para a retirada dos materiais é preciso que duas pessoas segurem a tampa do contêiner ou a tampa seja trancada com um pedaço de galho ou madeira; menor consciência da população já que antes da implantação dos contêineres existia uma maior separação do lixo. O estudo evidenciou que algumas ações implementadas pela administração pública requerem um maior planejamento e envolvimento das partes interessadas para que cumpram os objetivos propostos. Caso contrário, podem trazer inúmeras dificuldades, como as relatadas pelos recicladores após a implantação dos contêineres.
Monitoramento do livixiado de colunas de solo após aplicação de vinhaça in natura e concentrada
Authors: Godoy Fabiane Karen , Sartório Simone Daniela , Soares Marcio Roberto , Casagrande José Carlos
Published: October 2015

A vinhaça é um efluente líquido com alta carga orgânica e que possui elevadas concentrações de nitrogênio e de potássio. Sua aplicação em doses excessivas, ao longo do tempo, pode ocasionar o acúmulo de elementos do solo nas águas subterrâneas, principalmente a vinhaça concentrada, que apresenta maior concentração de nutrientes em relação à vinhaça in natura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a concentração dos íons nitrato (NO3-) e potássio (K+) no extrato lixiviado de colunas de solo após a aplicação de vinhaça concentrada e in natura em duas dosagens diferentes. O experimento foi conduzido utilizando-se colunas de percolação de 1,5 m, preenchidas com amostras de Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico coletadas em quatro profundidades (0-0,2 m, 0,2-0,5 m, 0,5-0,8 m e 0,8-1,1 m). As colunas foram construídas com um sistema filtrante na base e, posteriormente, as camadas de solo foram acomodadas de acordo com sua densidade e profundidade reais no campo. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subdivididas com três repetições. Os tratamentos principais, dispostos nas parcelas consistiram de doses e tipos de efluentes assim descritos: T – testemunha absoluta, sem adição de vinhaça; V1 - 150,08 m3 ha-1 de vinhaça in natura; V2 – 300,16 m3 ha-1 de vinhaça in natura; C1 - 40,01 m3 ha-1 de vinhaça concentrada; C2 – 80,02 m3 ha-1 de vinhaça concentrada. Os tratamentos secundários (subparcelas) foram épocas de amostragens realizadas semanalmente por um período de 12 semanas.
Agrotoxicos agrícolas: do uso às intoxicações
Authors: Begnini Sergio , Taveira Adriana do Val Alves
Published: October 2015

O crescente uso de agrotóxicos agrícolas levou o Brasil a ocupar o posto de maior consumidor de agrotóxicos do mundo, refletindo direta e indiretamente na saúde das pessoas. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é identificar o número de intoxicações por agrotóxicos agrícolas ocorridos na 8ª Regional de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, no período entre 2007 a 2012. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratório descritiva com análises estatísticas de frequência e coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Os dados foram obtidos junto ao Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificações na 8ª Regional de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, no site do Sistema Nacional de Informações Tóxico Farmacológicas e no site da Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva. Constatou-se que a faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos é, no Brasil, a que apresenta mais registro de intoxicações por agrotóxicos agrícolas. Destaca-se também que há correlação no que tange o número de registro de intoxicações por agrotóxicos agrícolas entre Brasil e o Estado do Paraná, no período de 2002 a 2009. Conclui-se que embora exista uma série de legislações e orientações tendo em vista evitar as intoxicações, o número de casos registrados é grande, sendo importante destacar que muitos casos não são notificados.
Monitoramento e ocorrência do mexilhão dourado (limnoperna fortunei) na hidrelétrica da Itaipu binacional, Paraná (BR)
Authors: Canzi Carla , Fialho Naor Silveira , Bueno Guilherme Wolff
Published: October 2015

O mexilhão dourado (Limnoperna fortunei) é um molusco bivalve de água doce pertencente à família Mytilidae. Originário do sudoeste asiático é considerado “praga” pela sua alta prolificidade e característica de aderir, por filamentos de bisso, em diversos materiais, formando aglomerados capazes de obstruir sistemas de filtragem, resfriamento e de tubulações de água. Na Usina hidrelétrica de Itaipu é motivo de preocupação desde o seu surgimento na Hidrelétrica de Yacyretá. Preventivamente, com base em orientações obtidas de um Seminário promovido em 2000, a Itaipu iniciou, em trecho a jusante e nas instalações da Hidrelétrica, um programa de monitoramento de larvas no reservatório para detectar a chegada da espécie. Após quatro meses, foram encontrados exemplares adultos fixados na câmara de serviço da comporta tomada d’água, dois a três indivíduos por metro quadrado, cuja colonização após um ano de acompanhamento já atingia aproximadamente 14.000 indivíduos/m2 chegando a 80.000 indivíduos/m2, densidade esta que vem oscilando desde então em torno de 40.000 indivíduos/m2. Diante disto, este artigo aborda a situação e monitoramento da ocorrência do molusco nas instalações da UHE Itaipu Binacional. Contudo, destaca-se que pesquisas para controle devem ser priorizadas e realizadas em paralelo com o monitoramento ambiental. O acompanhamento no interior da hidrelétrica desde a fase inicial de colonização é fundamental, pois permite conhecer a evolução do problema a tempo de serem evitados problemas operacionais e ambientais.
Processo de rastreabilidade e certificação do cultivo de ostras (Crassostrea gigas): a primeira fazenda de ostras certificada no Brasil
Authors: Mattos Bruno Olivetti de , Costa Rafael Luiz da , Bueno Guilherme Wolff
Published: October 2015

O cultivo de moluscos foi introduzido no Brasil em 1960 no estado de Santa Catarina, porém apenas 1989 desenvolveu-se como uma importante alternativa econômica. Entretanto, o cultivo de moluscos bivalves em escala comercial ainda é restrito a poucas espécies, como a Crassostrea gigas, Crassostrea rhizophorae, Nodipecten nodosus e Perna perna. Apesar de pouco explorado, o cultivo de moluscos bivalves é uma atividade que atinge alcance social e econômico, beneficiando diversos setores da sociedade, gerando empregos, fixando populações nativas litorâneas em seu ambiente tradicional e tornando-se um complemento de renda para pescadores artesanais. Ainda, colabora com a proteção ao meio ambiente, por meio da preservação das regiões onde são feitos os cultivos e pela manutenção dos estoques naturais. Neste cenário, este artigo apresenta os critérios e aspectos considerados para no processo de certificação e rastreabilidade da produção de ostras (Crassostrea gigas), no município de Florianópolis, estado de Santa Catarina abordando os principais critérios e pontos de controle da produção aplicados em cada elo desenvolvido para certificação desta fazenda marinha. O trabalho demostrou que a rastreabilidade e a qualificação dos produtores deve ser incentivada para efetivar e oportunizar melhor qualidade na produção, melhorar a qualidade dos processos e dos produtos, associados à promoção da saúde, segurança e bem-estar do trabalhador. Destacando-se a rastreabilidade e a certificação como ferramenta de gestão e planejamento eficiente que auxilia o crescimento da atividade de modo a promover a segurança alimentar para os consumidores e agregação de valor ao produto que torna-se mais competitivo no mercado.
Childhood injury after a parental cancer diagnosis
Authors: Chen Ruoqing , Regodón Wallin Amanda , Sjölander Arvid , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur , Ye Weimin , Tiemeier Henning , Fall Katja , Almqvist Catarina , Czene Kamila , Fang Fang
Published: October 2015

A parental cancer diagnosis is psychologically straining for the whole family. We investigated whether a parental cancer diagnosis is associated with a higher-than-expected risk of injury among children by using a Swedish nationwide register-based cohort study. Compared to children without parental cancer, children with parental cancer had a higher rate of hospital contact for injury during the first year after parental cancer diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22-1.33), especially when the parent had a comorbid psychiatric disorder after cancer diagnosis (HR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.08-1.85). The rate increment declined during the second and third year after parental cancer diagnosis (HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.07-1.14) and became null afterwards (HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.99-1.03). Children with parental cancer also had a higher rate of repeated injuries than the other children (HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.12-1.15). Given the high rate of injury among children in the general population, our findings may have important public health implications.
Resolving dual binding conformations of cellulosome cohesin-dockerin complexes using single-molecule force spectroscopy
Authors: Jobst Markus A , Milles Lukas F , Schoeler Constantin , Ott Wolfgang , Fried Daniel B , Bayer Edward A , Gaub Hermann E , Nash Michael A
Published: October 2015

Receptor-ligand pairs are ordinarily thought to interact through a lock and key mechanism, where a unique molecular conformation is formed upon binding. Contrary to this paradigm, cellulosomal cohesin-dockerin (Coh-Doc) pairs are believed to interact through redundant dual binding modes consisting of two distinct conformations. Here, we combined site-directed mutagenesis and single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) to study the unbinding of Coh:Doc complexes under force. We designed Doc mutations to knock out each binding mode, and compared their single-molecule unfolding patterns as they were dissociated from Coh using an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever. Although average bulk measurements were unable to resolve the differences in Doc binding modes due to the similarity of the interactions, with a single-molecule method we were able to discriminate the two modes based on distinct differences in their mechanical properties. We conclude that under native conditions wild-type Doc from Clostridium thermocellum exocellulase Cel48S populates both binding modes with similar probabilities. Given the vast number of Doc domains with predicteddual binding modes across multiple bacterial species, our approach opens up newpossibilities for understanding assembly and catalytic properties of a broadrange of multi-enzyme complexes.
Non-classical amine recognition evolved in a large clade of olfactory receptors
Authors: Li Qian , Tachie-Baffour Yaw , Liu Zhikai , Baldwin Maude W , Kruse Andrew C , Liberles Stephen D
Published: October 2015

Biogenic amines are important signaling molecules, and the structural basis for their recognition by G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) is well understood. Amines are also potent odors, with some activating olfactory trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs). Here, we report that teleost TAARs evolved a new way to recognize amines in a non-classical orientation. Chemical screens de-orphaned eleven zebrafish TAARs, with agonists including serotonin, histamine, tryptamine, 2-phenylethylamine, putrescine, and agmatine. Receptors from different clades contact ligands through aspartates on transmembrane α-helices III (canonical Asp3.32) or V (non-canonical Asp5.42), and diamine receptors contain both aspartates. Non-classical monoamine recognition evolved in two steps: an ancestral TAAR acquired Asp5.42, gaining diamine sensitivity, and subsequently lost Asp3.32. Through this transformation, the fish olfactory system dramatically expanded its capacity to detect amines, ecologically significant aquatic odors. The evolution of a second, alternative solution for amine detection by olfactory receptors highlights the tremendous structural versatility intrinsic to GPCRs.
Afghanistan and its Economy
Authors: Eltezam Zabioullah A.
Published: October 2015

Afghanistan is one of the least developed countries of the world. United States of America and several other nations spent hundreds of billions of dollars during the last 13 years to strengthen her economy and security but due to pervasive corruption the country could not absorb the aid effectively. As long as Afghanistan remains resistant to change, and corruption and lawlessness continue to hurt the country, the badly needed foreign assistance, no matter how colossal, will not make much difference.

In this paper, the author explains the historical, geographical and political factors that have plagued and still hinder economic development of Afghanistan. The paper briefly explains land, population, resources and economic aggregates in addition to the historical events that have caused the progress to remain slow. Some recommendations are made at the end.
Large‐Scale Identification of the Arginine Methylome by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sylvestersen Kathrine B. , Nielsen Michael L.
Published: November 2015

The attachment of one or more methylation groups to the side chain of arginine residues is a regulatory mechanism for cellular proteins. Recent advances in mass spectrometry−based characterization allow comprehensive identification of arginine methylation sites by peptide‐level enrichment strategies. Described in this unit is a 4‐day protocol for enrichment of arginine‐methylated peptides and subsequent identification of thousands of distinct sites by mass spectrometry. Specifically, the protocol explains step‐by‐step sample preparation, enrichment using commercially available antibodies, prefractionation using strong cation exchange, and identification using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. A strategy for relative quantification is described using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). Approaches for analysis of arginine methylation site occupancy are also discussed. Collectively, the unit describes the essential parameters required for a successful and comprehensive experiment detailing the arginine methylome. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Three‐dimensional seismic anisotropy in the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the Taiwan area revealed by passive source tomography
Authors: Koulakov Ivan , Jakovlev Andrey , Wu Yih‐Min , Dobretsov Nikolay L. , El Khrepy Sami , Al‐Arifi Nassir
Published: October 2015

We present a 3‐D anisotropic seismic model of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the Taiwan region based on the tomographic inversion of traveltime data from regional earthquakes. In the crust beneath eastern Taiwan, we observe coast‐parallel anisotropy that perfectly delineates the major geological structures. In westernmost Taiwan, we distinguish a crustal block corresponding to the Peikang High at the margin of the Eurasian Plate, where coast‐perpendicular anisotropy within a high‐velocity anomaly is observed. In the uppermost mantle, the direction of anisotropy beneath central Taiwan turns perpendicular to the coast, which may indicate eastward underthrusting of the Peikang Block that was induced by collisional processes. To the NE of Taiwan, the anisotropy forms circular patterns coinciding with the shape of the Ryukyu arc, which may reflect the distribution of the deformations and fractures in the accretion and arc complex.
Spatial variations of shear wave anisotropy near the San Jacinto Fault Zone in Southern California
Authors: Li Zefeng , Peng Zhigang , Ben‐Zion Yehuda , Vernon Frank L.
Published: October 2015

We examine crustal anisotropy at several scales along and across the San Jacinto Fault Zone (SJFZ) by systematically measuring shear wave splitting (SWS) parameters. The analyzed data are recorded by 86 stations during 2012–2014, including five linear dense arrays crossing the SJFZ at different locations and other autonomous stations within 15 km from the main fault trace. Shear phase arrivals and SWS parameters (fast directions and delay times) are obtained with automated methods. The measurement quality is then assessed using multiple criteria, resulting in 23,000 high‐quality measurements. We find clear contrast of fast directions between the SW and NE sides of the SJFZ. Stations on the SW side have fast directions consistent overall with the maximum horizontal compression direction (SHmax), while stations on the NE side show mixed patterns likely reflecting lithological/topographic variations combined with fault zone damage. The fast directions in the Anza gap section with relatively simple fault geometry agree with the inferred SHmax, and the delay times at an array within that section are smaller than those observed at other across‐fault arrays. These indications of less pronounced damage zone in the Anza section compared to other segments of the SJFZ are correlated generally with geometrical properties of the surface traces. Significant variations of fast directions on several across‐fault arrays, with station spacing on the orders of a few tens of meters, suggest that shallow fault structures and near‐surface layers play an important role in controlling the SWS parameters.
Ethical Considerations When Altering Digital Images
Authors: Gallagher Sean R. , Neuman Joseph
Published: November 2015

The ubiquitous use of digital imaging has greatly simplified and accelerated life science research. However, the ease of manipulating digital images also presents serious ethical issues. This unit presents guidelines and cautions describing best practices for use, analysis, and presentation of digital image data. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Improving the Extraction of Photogenerated Electrons with SnO2 Nanocolloids for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Rao Hua‐Shang , Chen Bai‐Xue , Li Wen‐Guang , Xu Yang‐Fan , Chen Hong‐Yan , Kuang Dai‐Bin , Su Cheng‐Yong
Published: November 2015

Great attention to cost‐effective high‐efficiency solar power conversion of trihalide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been hovering at high levels in the recent 5 years. Among PSC devices, admittedly, TiO2 is the most widely used electron transport layer (ETL); however, its low mobility which is even less than that of CH3NH3PbI3 makes it not an ideal material. In principle, SnO2 with higher electron mobility can be regarded as a positive alternative. Herein, a SnO2 nanocolloid sol with ≈3 nm in size synthesized at 60 °C was spin‐coated onto the fuorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) glass as the ETL of planar CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells. TiCl4 treatment of SnO2‐coated FTO is found to improve crystallization and increase the surface coverage of perovskites, which plays a pivotal role in improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this report, a champion efficiency of 14.69% (Jsc = 21.19 mA cm−2, Voc = 1023 mV, and FF = 0.678) is obtained with a metal mask at one sun illumination (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm−2). Compared to the typical TiO2, the SnO2 ETL efficiently facilitates the separation and transportation of photogenerated electrons/holes from the perovskite absorber, which results in a significant enhancement of photocurrent and PCE.
Probing pore blocking effects on multiphase reactions within porous catalyst particles using a discrete model
Authors: Ye Guanghua , Zhou Xinggui , Yuan Weikang , Coppens Marc‐Olivier
Published: October 2015

A discrete model coupling mass transfer, reaction, and phase change in porous catalyst particles is proposed to probe pore blocking effects on multiphase reactions. This discrete model is validated by comparing the results with experiments and those obtained using a continuum model, for the hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane in Pd/γ‐alumina catalyst particles. The results show that pore blocking has a significant effect on the effectiveness factor and can contribute to up to 50% of the hysteresis loop area for multiphase reactions in porous catalysts, indicating that pore blocking must be accounted for. Moreover, the pore blocking effects are significantly enhanced when the pore network is poorly connected and the pore‐size distribution is wide, while the pore blocking effects are insensitive to the volume‐averaged pore size. Multiphase catalyst material characterization and design should account for this effect. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 451–460, 2016
A study update of mortality in workers at a phosphate fertilizer production facility
Authors: Yiin James H. , Daniels Robert D. , Kubale Travis L. , Dunn Kevin L. , Stayner Leslie T.
Published: November 2015

Objective

To evaluate the mortality experience among 3,199 workers employed 1951–1976 at a phosphate fertilizer production plant in central Florida with follow‐up through 2011.

Methods

Cause‐specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for the full cohort were calculated with the U.S. population as referent. Lung cancer and leukemia risks were further analyzed using conditional logistic regression.

Results

The mortality due to all‐causes (SMR = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.13, observed deaths [n] = 1,473), all‐cancers (SMR = 1.16, 95%CI 1.06–1.28, n = 431), and a priori outcomes of interests including lung cancer (SMR = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.13–1.53, n = 168) and leukemia (SMR = 1.74, 95%CI = 1.11–2.62, n = 23) were statistically significantly elevated. Regression modeling on employment duration or estimated radiation scores did not show exposure–response relation with lung cancer or leukemia mortality.

Conclusion

SMR results showed increased lung cancer and leukemia mortality in a full cohort of the phosphate fertilizer production facility. There was, however, no exposure–response relation observed among cases and matched controls. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:12–22, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Destruction and Construction: Application of Dearomatization Strategy in Aromatic Carbon–Nitrogen Bond Functionalization
Authors: Wang Shuo‐En , Wang Linfei , He Qiuqin , Fan Renhua
Published: November 2015

The formation of carbon–carbon bonds through the functionalization of aromatic carbon–nitrogen bonds is a highly attractive synthetic strategy in the synthesis of aromatic molecules. In this paper, we report a novel aromatic carbon–nitrogen bond functionalization reaction by using a simple dearomatization strategy. Through this process para‐substituted anilines serve as a potential aryl source in the construction of a range of functionalized aromatic molecules, such as quaternary carbon centers, α‐keto esters, and aldehydes.
Impact toughness, viscoelastic behavior, and morphology of polypropylene–jute–viscose hybrid composites
Authors: Ranganathan Nalini , Oksman Kristiina , Nayak Sanjay K. , Sain Mohini
Published: October 2015

In this investigation, we studied the impact toughness and viscoelastic behavior of polypropylene (PP)–jute composites. In this study, we used viscose fiber as an impact modifier and maleated PP as a compatibilizer. The toughness of the composites was studied with conventional Charpy and instrumental falling‐weight impact tests. The composites’ viscoelastic properties were studied with dynamic mechanical analysis. The results show that the incorporation of viscose fibers improved the impact strength and toughness to 134 and 65% compared to those of the PP–jute composites. The tan δ peak amplitude also increased with the addition of the impact modifier and indicated a greater degree of molecular mobility. The thermal stability of the composites was evaluated with thermogravimetric analysis. The addition of 2 wt % maleated polypropylene (MAPP) to the impact‐modified composite improved the impact strength and toughness to 144 and 93%, respectively. The fiber–matrix morphology of the fracture surface and the Fourier transform infrared spectra were also studied to ascertain the existence of the type of interfacial bonds. Microstructural analysis showed the retention of viscose fibers in the composites compared to the more separated jute fibers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42981.
Effect of nucleating agents on the crystallization behavior and heat resistance of poly(l‐lactide)
Authors: Zhang Xiuqin , Meng Lingyan , Li Gen , Liang Ningning , Zhang Jing , Zhu Zhiguo , Wang Rui
Published: October 2015

Poly (l‐lactide) (PLLA) blends with various nucleators were prepared by melt processing. The effect of different nucleators on the crystallization behavior and heat resistance as well as thermomechanical properties of PLLA was studied systematically by differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, heat deflection temperature tester, and dynamic mechanical analysis. It was found that poly(d‐lactide), talcum powder (Talc), a multiamide compound (TMC‐328, abbreviated as TMC) can significantly improve the crystallization rate and crystallinity of PLLA, thus improving thermal–resistant property. The heat deflection temperature of nucleated PLLA can be as high as 150°C. The storage modulus of nucleated PLLA is higher than that of PLLA at the temperature above Tg of PLLA. Compared with other nucleating agents, TMC was much more efficient at enhancing the crystallization of PLLA and the PLLA containing TMC showed the best heat resistance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42999.
Experimental and simulation studies on focused ultrasound triggered drug delivery
Authors: Jin Zhen , Choi Yongjin , Ko Seong Young , Park Jong‐Oh , Park Sukho
Published: October 2015

To improve drug delivery efficiency in cancer therapy, many researchers have recently concentrated on drug delivery systems that use anticancer drug loaded micro‐ or nanoparticles. In addition, induction methods, such as ultrasound, magnetic field, and infrared light, have been considered as active induction methods for drug delivery. Among these, focused ultrasound has been regarded as a promising candidate for the active induction method of drug delivery system because it can penetrate a deep site in soft tissue, and its energy can be focused on the targeted lesion. In this research, we employed focused ultrasound as an active induction method. For an anticancer drug loaded microparticles, we fabricated poly‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid docetaxel (PLGA‐DTX) nanoparticle encapsulated alginate microbeads using the single‐emulsion technique and the aeration method. To select the appropriate operating parameter for the focused ultrasound, we measured the pressure and temperature induced by the focused ultrasound at the focal area using a needle‐type hydrophone and a digital thermal detector, respectively. Additionally, we conducted a simulation of focused ultrasound using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3a. The experimental measurement results were compared with the simulation results. In addition, the drug release rates of the PLGA‐DTX‐encapsulated alginate microbeads induced by the focused ultrasound were tested. Through these experiments, we determined that the appropriate focused ultrasound parameter was peak pressure of 1 MPa, 10 cycle/burst, and burst period of 20 μSec. Finally, we performed the cell cytotoxicity and drug uptake test with focused ultrasound induction and found that the antitumor effect and drug uptake efficiency were significantly enhanced by the focused ultrasound induction. Thus, we confirmed that focused ultrasound can be an effective induction method for an anticancer drug delivery system.
Simulationsmethoden im textilen Leichtbau – Die Entwicklung seit 1972 und aktueller Stand
Authors: Bletzinger Kai‐Uwe
Published: November 2015

Dieser Beitrag ist dem im März 2015 verstorbenen Frei Otto gewidmet. Der Artikel ist Teil einer dreigliedrigen Reihe, die das Wirken von Frei Otto im historischen Kontext verankert und die seine Bedeutung für aktuelle und zukünftige Forschungen und Entwicklungen aufzeigt.
Industrial systems biology and its impact on synthetic biology of yeast cell factories
Authors: Fletcher Eugene , Krivoruchko Anastasia , Nielsen Jens
Published: November 2015

Engineering industrial cell factories to effectively yield a desired product while dealing with industrially relevant stresses is usually the most challenging step in the development of industrial production of chemicals using microbial fermentation processes. Using synthetic biology tools, microbial cell factories such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be engineered to express synthetic pathways for the production of fuels, biopharmaceuticals, fragrances, and food flavors. However, directing fluxes through these synthetic pathways towards the desired product can be demanding due to complex regulation or poor gene expression. Systems biology, which applies computational tools and mathematical modeling to understand complex biological networks, can be used to guide synthetic biology design. Here, we present our perspective on how systems biology can impact synthetic biology towards the goal of developing improved yeast cell factories. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1164–1170. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synchronous neuroendocrine tumor and non‐small‐cell lung cancer in neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Hsu Andrew , Han Samuel
Published: November 2015

Key Clinical Message

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a common cancer predisposing condition. Tumors, particularly gastrointestinal tumors, are commonly associated with NF1 but are not widely known. In addition, the relationship between lung cancer and neurofibromatosis has been controversial until recently with the discovery of oncogenes such as p53.
Local Electrochemical Measurements in Bipolar Experiments for Corrosion Studies
Authors: Pébère Nadine , Vivier Vincent
Published: November 2015

In this work, the local potential and local current were measured with paired Ag/AgCl reference microelectrodes during the corrosion of a 304L stainless‐steel (304L SS) sample in bipolar experiments. During a single experiment, it was possible to investigate both the anodic and cathodic domains corresponding to the corrosion of the stainless steel. From these local measurements in non‐contact mode, the current/potential curve was obtained, revealing the different reactivities of the 304L SS sample, over a large potential range. The polarisation curve was similar to that usually obtained in a classical three‐electrode configuration.
Anodes for Carbon‐Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhou Wei , Jiao Yong , Li Si‐Dian , Shao Zongping
Published: November 2015

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been considered as one of the most promising technologies for high‐efficiency electrical energy generation using a variety of fuels, including hydrogen, natural gas, biogas, carbon monoxide, liquid hydrocarbons and solid carbon. Carbon‐fueled SOFCs (CF‐SOFCs) potentially have the highest volume power density because solid carbon has a fuel energy density of 23.95 kWh L−1, which is approximately 10 times higher than that of liquid hydrogen. However, the reactivity and fluid mobility of carbon is significantly lower than those of gaseous fuels; thus, CF‐SOFCs will be kinetically limited at the anode. Herein, we review the development of anodes in CF‐SOFCs from the perspective of material compositions and microstructures. Challenges and research trends based on the fundamental understanding of the materials science and engineering for anode development in CF‐SOFCs are discussed.
Stability of a Cs‐promoted Co‐Mo/Al2O3 catalyst during synthesis gas conversion
Authors: Ardakani Shahrzad Jooya , Alyani Mina , Smith Kevin J.
Published: October 2015

The stability of a Cs‐promoted Co‐Mo/Al2O3 catalyst, prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and operated under typical higher alcohol synthesis conditions, (280 °C, 8.2 MPa, GHSV 8524 h−1, H2:CO ratio 1) for up to 100 h time‐on‐stream (TOS), is reported. The major cause of catalyst deactivation is shown to be due to carbonaceous deposits. The effect of adding H2O (0.047 and 0.094 mol/mol (4.7 and 9.4 mol %)), NH3 (375–150 0× 10−6 mol/mol (375–1500 ppmv)) and H2S (5 × 10−6 and 10×10−6 mol/mol (5 and 10 ppmv)) to the feed synthesis gas is also reported. Both the catalyst activity and the alcohol product selectivity are reduced in the presence of feed gas impurities, with H2O addition significantly increasing selectivity to CO2 and coke deposition. The impact of NH3 is reversible, whereas catalyst deactivation is only partially reversible in the case of H2O. H2S completely and irreversibly deactivates the catalyst.