bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ligand‐assisted Palladium Catalyzed C5 Arylation Reaction of Imidazoles with Aryl Chlorides
Authors: Wang Yu , Liu Ning , Bu Qingqing
Published: February 2024

A series of asymmetric pyridine‐bridged imidazole‐pyridine‐amino acid ligands was successfully synthesized and characterized by HR‐MS, 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy. These ligands assisted palladium catalyzed C−H bond activation of imidazoles at the C5 position with aryl chlorides and aryl bromides without pivalic acid conditions. Various of less reactive aryl chlorides were allowed to prepare arylated heterocycles. The mechanism study indicated the structure role for amino acid and imidazole.
Design, Synthesis, and In‐Vitro Evaluation of Novel Butanoic Acid Derivatives as Potential Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors
Authors: Saeedi Saeedeh , Mahboubi‐Rabbani Mohammad , Rezaee Elham , Tabatabai Sayyed Abbas
Published: February 2024

Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme has been proposed as a promising target for the treatment of several peripheral inflammatory‐related diseases. The most potent sEH inhibitors are urea or amide‐based which play active‐site transition state mimic and often suffer from poor solubility and low bioavailability. Therefore, the development of novel sEH inhibitors with improved pharmacokinetic specification is a great deal of attention. In this study, amide‐based sEH inhibitors bearing N′‐acetylacetohydrazide/oxadiazole moieties as the primary (P1) and carboxyl/amide as secondary pharmacophores (P2) were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated. All the structures were confirmed via recruiting spectral data. Docking results demonstrated that the primary pharmacophore (P1) fit properly in the corresponding binding site of the enzyme, possessing appropriate distances for effective hydrogen bonding to the crucial amino acids, including Asp335. In agreement with the findings of docking studies, a number of compounds were found to possess moderate to high in‐vitro sEH inhibitory activities, and two compounds were identified as the most potent inhibitors with IC50 values of 7.8 and 10.98 nM, respectively. Furthermore, ADME properties of the newly designed analogs were analyzed in silico and the results showed that these compounds have the proper potential for being developed as new sEH inhibitors.
Improving Fast‐Charging Capability of High‐Voltage Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode under Long‐Term Cyclability through Co‐Doping Strategy
Authors: Gao Xin , Hai Feng , Chen Wenting , Yi Yikun , Guo Jingyu , Xue Weicheng , Tang Wei , Li Mingtao
Published: February 2024

Co‐free spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) is emerging as a promising contender for designing next generation high‐energy‐density and fast‐charging Li‐ion batteries, due to its high operating voltage and good Li+ diffusion rate. However, further improvement of the Li+ diffusion ability and simultaneous resolution of Mn dissolution still pose significant challenges for their practical application. To tackle these challenges, a simple co‐doping strategy is proposed. Compared to Pure‐LNMO, the extended lattice in resulting LNMO‐SbF sample provides wider Li+ migration channels, ensuring both enhanced Li+ transport kinetics, and lower energy barrier. Moreover, Sb creating structural pillar and stronger TM─F bond together provides a stabilized spinel structure, which stems from the suppression of detrimental irreversible phase transformation during cycling related to Mn dissolution. Benefiting from the synergistic effect, the LNMO‐SbF material exhibits a superior reversible capacity (111.4 mAh g−1 at 5C, and 70.2 mAh g−1 after 450 cycles at 10C) and excellent long‐term cycling stability at high current density (69.4% capacity retention at 5C after 1000 cycles). Furthermore, the LNMO‐SbF//graphite full cell delivers an exceptional retention rate of 96.9% after 300 cycles, and provides a high energy density at 3C even with a high loading. This work provides valuable insight into the design of fast‐charging cathode materials for future high energy density lithium‐ion batteries.
Effect of Al on the Cleanliness of the x% Al–7CrSiMnMoV Steel Produced by Scrap Steel
Authors: Long Qian , Zeng Jie , Gao Xu , Zhou You , Zheng Zaixue , Wang Wanlin
Published: February 2024

It is crucial for recycling scrap steel to effectively remove impurities such as sulfur and oxygen, which directly determine the characteristics of inclusions in steel liquid. This study attempts to investigate the effect of Al concentration on the cleanliness of x% Al–7CrSiMnMoV steel by directly smelting scrap steel. Impurities such as sulfur and oxygen, as well as alloying elements in steel, are investigated. Also, the evolution characteristics of inclusion in the x% Al–7CrSiMnMoV steel are evaluated. The results show that the oxygen concentration in steel liquid gradually decreases; however, the sulfur concentration in steel liquid first increases and then decreases as the aluminum concentration increases from 0.026% to 0.58%. A high‐cleanliness 0.58% Al–7CrSiMnMoV steel with sulfur and oxygen concentrations of 0.0015% and 0.0018%, respectively, can be obtained. Additionally, the high Al–Ca–Mg–O and high Ca–Al–Mg–O contain S composite inclusions, and a small amount of fine Mn(Ca)S inclusions first form the high‐Al–Ca–Mg–O composite inclusions with an aluminum concentration of 0.026%, then form the high‐Al–Mg–O, Al–Mg–O‐wrapped Mn(Ca)S, and a large number of fine MnS inclusions with an aluminum concentration of 0.11%; eventually, it forms Al–Mg–O‐wrapped CaS as the Al concentrations continuously increase.
“Women are capable too!” Exploring intersectionality and challenging CaLD gender stereotypes at Australian universities
Authors: Tankosić Ana , Dovchin Sender
Published: February 2024

With a focus on Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CaLD) women, this article will discuss the underlying gender inequalities and stereotypes these women experience in Australian tertiary institutions through reflections of translingual discrimination. Translingual discrimination refers to the ideologies and practices that produce unequal linguistic power relationships between CaLD communities and dominant communities of the host society, focusing on the central role that language plays in the enduring relevance of discrimination disparity. Because of CaLD women's translingual identities, these groups experience such aspects of translingual discrimination as accentism, naming practices, linguistic subordination, deskilling, and stereotyping, which eventually affect their well‐being and economic security. CaLD women need a linguistically and culturally “safe space” where they will be supported and appreciated based on their capabilities and skills and not subjected to objectification, femininity evaluations, and derogatory actions. Opportunities for women should persist because, unfortunately, in men‐dominated fields, these opportunities are still necessary to support and include women.
Interactions between the metabolic syndrome and alcohol consumption increases the risk of liver disease
Authors: Hagström Hannes , Hegmar Hannes , Moreno Christophe
Published: February 2024

Alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD) and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD, recently renamed metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease [MASLD]) share many features, including certain pathophysiological mechanisms, susceptibility genes, and histological lesions. However, the natural history of the two diseases, studied separately, is significantly different, with ALD being associated with a higher risk of cirrhosis and liver‐related mortality. Moreover, evidence suggests an interactive effect between ALD and metabolic risk factors that are associated with NAFLD on the risk of progressive fibrosis and development of cirrhosis. Patients with both a high consumption of alcohol and metabolic risk factors, such as obesity or diabetes, should therefore be considered a particularly high‐risk group for cirrhosis. Additional studies regarding the efficacy of screening for advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis in these risk groups are needed. The most effective and established method for reducing the risk of progression in ALD is alcohol abstinence, whereas weight loss is effective in NAFLD. In this narrative review, we introduce the reader to the literature of the field and present key studies showing this interactive effect.
Effects of TPU on the mechanical properties, fracture toughness, morphology, and thermal analysis of 3D‐printed ABS‐TPU blends by FDM
Authors: Soltanmohammadi Kianoosh , Rahmatabadi Davood , Aberoumand Mohammad , Soleyman Elyas , Ghasemi Ismaeil , Baniassadi Majid , Abrinia Karen , Bodaghi Mahdi , Baghani Mostafa
Published: February 2024

In this paper, blends of ABS‐TPU with two different weight percentages of TPU were prepared using fused deposition modeling technology. The effect of adding TPU on the fracture toughness of ABS and mechanical properties was comprehensively studied. Tensile, compression, fracture toughness, and shear tests were conducted on the 3D‐printed samples. Thermal and microstructural analyses were performed using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The DMTA results showed that adding TPU decreased the storage modulus and the glass transition temperature of ABS, as well as its peak intensity. The mechanical test results showed that adding TPU decreased the strength but increased the formability and elongation of the samples. Fracture tests showed that the addition of TPU decreased the maximum force needed for a crack to initiate. The force required for crack initiation decreased from 568.4 N for neat ABS to 335.3 N for ABS80 and 123.2 N for ABS60. The ABS60 blend exhibited the highest strength against crack growth, indicating that TPU can change the behavior of ABS from brittle to ductile. Shear test results and SEM images also showed good adhesion strength between the printed samples for all three specimens, indicating their good printability. Adding TPU resulted in a reduction in the size and number of voids and holes between the printed layers.

Highlights

Melt mixing, filament preparation, and 3D printing of ABS‐TPU blends.

Investigation of mechanical properties, microstructure, and fracture toughness.

Improved resistance to crack growth and elongation by adding TPU to ABS.

Improving printability and reducing microholes in blends compared with ABS.

Achieving a wide range of mechanical properties for various applications.
Computed tomographic assessment of bronchoesophageal artery hypertrophy and systemic‐to‐pulmonary shunt mimicking a persistent ductus arteriosus in a French Bulldog
Authors: Manzoni Sara , Van Israël Nicole , Quinci Manuela , Specchi Swan , Bongartz Alexandre
Published: February 2024

A 5‐year‐old, female French bulldog was evaluated for left‐sided congestive heart failure. A diagnosis of bronchoesophageal artery hypertrophy with systemic‐to‐pulmonary shunt was made. Even though Doppler echocardiographic findings were in favour of a left‐to‐right shunting patent ductus arteriosus, the exploratory thoracotomy highlighted a more complex vascular anomaly. An angiographic computed tomography study allowed to establish the final diagnosis. Bronchial‐to‐pulmonary artery shunts can mimic the presence of a patent ductus arteriosus, therefore computed tomography is considered a valuable additional tool for diagnosis and surgical planning.
Introduction
Authors: Aylsworth Timothy , Castro Clinton
Published: February 2024

In this chapter, we summarize the main arguments of the book. Our central thesis is that the moral weight of autonomy gives us reasons to restructure our relationship with mobile devices and the attention economy. In Chap. 2, we explain what autonomy is and why it matters morally. In Chap. 3, we present empirical evidence to justify our concern with mobile devices. We then turn, in Chap. 4, to Kantian moral arguments about the duty we owe to ourselves to protect and safeguard our capacities. We extend this argument in Chap. 5 by discussing duties we owe to others (especially parents to children, teachers to students, employers to employees, and developers to users). In Chap. 6, we explore the possibility of using government regulation to rein in the attention economy, and we justify these arguments by means of Kant’s political philosophy. Having exhausted our concerns with individual-level autonomy, we discuss group-level autonomy in Chap. 7, and we argue that the attention economy contributes to things like polarization which put a drag on democratic legitimacy. We conclude in Chap. 8 by taking stock of our arguments and offering some reasons for optimism.
Conclusion
Authors: Aylsworth Timothy , Castro Clinton
Published: February 2024

Here we offer some concluding remarks and take stock of the arguments made throughout the book. We revisit the three examples from the first chapter, using the conclusions of previous chapters to explain what is going wrong in those scenarios. Each case demonstrates different ways that the attention economy threatens to undermine autonomy, and they underscore the importance of the moral obligations we defended in previous chapters. We conclude by offering some reasons to be optimistic about this situation and to hope that the situation will begin to improve once we start taking steps (both collectively and individually) to address these issues.
Revisiting renormalization group equations of the SMEFT dimension-seven operators
Authors: Zhang Di
Published: February 2024

Abstract

In this work, we revisit the renormalization group equations (RGEs) of dimension-seven (dim-7) operators in the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT) resulting from mixing among dim-7 operators themselves by means of the background field method. Adopting a recently proposed physical basis for dim-7 operators, we achieve the explicit RGEs of all non-redundant dim-7 operators in the SMEFT for the first time. Together with those originating from the dim-5 and dim-6 operators, these results constitute the complete RGEs of dim-7 operators, and hence can be exploited to study full RG-running effects on some lepton- or baryon-number-violating processes involving dim-7 operators in the SMEFT, such as neutrino masses, neutrinoless double beta decay, meson and nucleon decays. We perform an analysis of the structure and perturbative power counting of the obtained one-loop anomalous dimension matrix, which is consistent with a non-renormalization theorem and the naive dimension analysis. Additionally, a partial check on some results is carried out by means of different tools and quantum field gauges.
Probing left-handed heavy neutral leptons in the Vector Scotogenic Model
Authors: Paulo Areyuna C. , Zamora-Saa Jilberto , Zerwekh Alfonso R.
Published: February 2024

Abstract

In this work, we consider an extension to the Standard Model composed by a Massive Vector Doublet under SU(2)L and a Left-handed Heavy Neutral Lepton. We study the production of these exotic leptons with the Same Flavor Opposite Sign standard lepton pair, and jets, considering Drell-Yan and Vector Boson Fusion as independent cases. We find that for the latter, the dilepton angular distribution is different enough from the background to use it as a smoking-gun for our model. Based on this fact, we establish limits on the parameter space considering previous experimental searches in this final state.
An Optimal Control Approach to the Problem of the Longest Self-Supporting Structure
Authors: Vecchiato Giacomo , Palladino Michele , Marcati Pierangelo
Published: February 2024

The characterization of the self-supporting slender structure with the furthest length is of interest both from a mechanical and biological point of view. Indeed, from a mechanical perspective, this classical problem was developed and studied with different methods, for example using similarity solutions and stable manifolds. However, none of them led to a complete analytical solution. On the other hand, plant structures such as tree branches or searcher shoots in climbing plants can be considered elastic cantilevered beams. In this paper, we formulate the problem as a non-convex optimisation problem with mixed state constraints. The problem is solved by analysing the corresponding relaxation. With this method, it is possible to obtain an analytical characterization of the cross-section
Unintended dural tears during unilateral biportal endoscopic lumbar surgery: incidence and risk factors
Authors: Yu Hang , Zhao Qingzhong , Lv Jianwei , Liu Jianjun , Zhu Bin , Chen Lei , Jing Juehua , Tian Dasheng
Published: February 2024

Background

An unintended dural tear (DT) is the most common intraoperative complication of lumbar spine surgery. The unilateral biportal endoscopic technique (UBE) has become increasingly popular for treating various degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine; however, the DT incidence and risk factors specific to UBE remain undetermined. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of DTs in UBE.

Method

Data from all patients who underwent UBE for degenerative lumbar spinal diseases from November 2018 to December 2021 at our institution were used to assess the effects of demographics, diagnosis, and type of surgery on unintended DT risk.

Results

Overall, 24/608 patients (3.95%) experienced DTs and were treated with primary suture repair or bed rest. Although several patients experienced mild symptoms of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, no serious postoperative sequelae such as nerve root entrapment, meningitis, or intracranial hemorrhage occurred. Additionally, no significant correlations were identified between DT and sex (P = 0.882), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.758), smoking status (P = 0.506), diabetes (P = 0.672), hypertension (P = 0.187), or surgeon experience (P = 0.442). However, older patients were more likely to experience DT than younger patients (P = 0.034), and patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) were more likely to experience DT than patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) (P = 0.035). Additionally, DT was more common in revision versus primary surgery (P < 0.0001) and in unilateral laminotomy with bilateral decompression (ULBD) versus unilateral decompression (P = 0.031). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, LSS, ULBD, and revision surgery were significant risk factors for DT.

Conclusions

In this UBE cohort, we found that the incidence of DT was 3.95%. Additionally, older age, LSS, ULBD, and revision surgery significantly increased the risk of DT in UBE surgery.
Genomic evidence for the suitability of Göttingen Minipigs with a rare seizure phenotype as a model for human epilepsy
Authors: Najafi Pardis , Reimer Christian , Gilthorpe Jonathan D. , Jacobsen Kirsten R. , Ramløse Maja , Paul Nora-Fabienne , Simianer Henner , Tetens Jens , Falker-Gieske Clemens
Published: February 2024

Epilepsy is a complex genetic disorder that affects about 2% of the global population. Although the frequency and severity of epileptic seizures can be reduced by a range of pharmacological interventions, there are no disease-modifying treatments for epilepsy. The development of new and more effective drugs is hindered by a lack of suitable animal models. Available rodent models may not recapitulate all key aspects of the disease. Spontaneous epileptic convulsions were observed in few Göttingen Minipigs (GMPs), which may provide a valuable alternative animal model for the characterisation of epilepsy-type diseases and for testing new treatments. We have characterised affected GMPs at the genome level and have taken advantage of primary fibroblast cultures to validate the functional impact of fixed genetic variants on the transcriptome level. We found numerous genes connected to calcium metabolism that have not been associated with epilepsy before, such as ADORA2B, CAMK1D, ITPKB, MCOLN2, MYLK, NFATC3, PDGFD, and PHKB. Our results have identified two transcription factor genes, EGR3 and HOXB6, as potential key regulators of CACNA1H, which was previously linked to epilepsy-type disorders in humans. Our findings provide the first set of conclusive results to support the use of affected subsets of GMPs as an alternative and more reliable model system to study human epilepsy. Further neurological and pharmacological validation of the suitability of GMPs as an epilepsy model is therefore warranted.
Magnetic resonance imaging scoring system of the lower limbs in adult patients with suspected idiopathic inflammatory myopathy
Authors: Gramegna Laura Ludovica , Rinaldi Rita , Belotti Laura Maria Beatrice , Vignatelli Luca , Sighinolfi Giovanni , Papa Valentina , Costa Roberta , D’Angelo Roberto , Bianchini Claudio , Graziano Claudio , Cirignotta Lorenzo , Mule Rita , Manners David Neil , Tonon Caterina , Cenacchi Giovanna , Lodi Raffaele
Published: February 2024

Purpose

We aim to propose a visual quantitative score for muscle edema in lower limb MRI to contribute to the diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM).

Material and methods

We retrospectively evaluated 85 consecutive patients (mean age 57.4 ± 13.9 years; 56.5% female) with suspected IIM (muscle weakness and/or persistent hyper-CPK-emia with/without myalgia) who underwent MRI of lower limbs using T2-weighted fast recovery-fast spin echo images and fat-sat T2 echo planar images. Muscle inflammation was evaluated bilaterally in 11 muscles of the thigh and eight muscles of the leg. Edema in each muscle was graded according to a four-point Likert-type scale adding up to 114 points ([11 + 8)] × 3 × 2). Diagnostic accuracy of the total edema score was explored by assessing sensitivity and specificity using the area under the ROC curve. Final diagnoses were made by a multidisciplinary Expert Consensus Panel applying the Bohan and Peter diagnostic criteria whenever possible.

Results

Of the 85 included patients, 34 (40%) received a final diagnosis of IIM (IIM group) while 51 (60%) received an alternative diagnosis (non-IIM group). A cutoff score ≥ 18 was able to correctly classify patients having an IIM with an area under the curve of 0.85, specificity of 96%, and sensitivity of 52.9%.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that a quantitative MRI score for muscle edema in the lower limbs (thighs and legs) aids in distinguishing IIM from conditions that mimic it.
An Allard-type boundary regularity theorem for $2d$ minimizing currents at smooth curves with arbitrary multiplicity
Authors: De Lellis Camillo , Nardulli Stefano , Steinbrüchel Simone
Published: February 2024

We consider integral area-minimizing 2-dimensional currents $T$
T
in $U\subset \mathbf {R}^{2+n}$
U
⊂

R

2
+
n

with $\partial T = Q\left [\!\![{\Gamma }\right ]\!\!]$
∂
T
=
Q

〚
Γ
〛

, where $Q\in \mathbf {N} \setminus \{0\}$
Q
∈
N
∖
{
0
}
and $\Gamma $
Γ
is sufficiently smooth. We prove that, if $q\in \Gamma $
q
∈
Γ
is a point where the density of $T$
T
is strictly below $\frac{Q+1}{2}$

Q
+
1

2

, then the current is regular at $q$
q
. The regularity is understood in the following sense: there is a neighborhood of $q$
q
in which $T$
T
consists of a finite number of regular minimal submanifolds meeting transversally at $\Gamma $
Γ
(and counted with the appropriate integer multiplicity). In view of well-known examples, our result is optimal, and it is the first nontrivial generalization of a classical theorem of Allard for $Q=1$
Q
=
1
. As a corollary, if $\Omega \subset \mathbf {R}^{2+n}$
Ω
⊂

R

2
+
n

is a bounded uniformly convex set and $\Gamma \subset \partial \Omega $
Γ
⊂
∂
Ω
a smooth 1-dimensional closed submanifold, then any area-minimizing current $T$
T
with $\partial T = Q \left [\!\![{\Gamma }\right ]\!\!]$
∂
T
=
Q

〚
Γ
〛

is regular in a neighborhood of $\Gamma $
Γ
.
Developing a Radiomics Atlas Dataset of normal Abdominal and Pelvic computed Tomography (RADAPT)
Authors: Kapetanou Elisavet , Malamas Stylianos , Leventis Dimitrios , Karantanas Apostolos H. , Klontzas Michail E.
Published: February 2024

Atlases of normal genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have been published in an attempt to understand the biological phenotype in health and disease and to set the basis of comprehensive comparative omics studies. No such atlas exists for radiomics data. The purpose of this study was to systematically create a radiomics dataset of normal abdominal and pelvic radiomics that can be used for model development and validation. Young adults without any previously known disease, aged > 17 and ≤ 36 years old, were retrospectively included. All patients had undergone CT scanning for emergency indications. In case abnormal findings were identified, the relevant anatomical structures were excluded. Deep learning was used to automatically segment the majority of visible anatomical structures with the TotalSegmentator model as applied in 3DSlicer. Radiomics features including first order, texture, wavelet, and Laplacian of Gaussian transformed features were extracted with PyRadiomics. A Github repository was created to host the resulting dataset. Radiomics data were extracted from a total of 531 patients with a mean age of 26.8 ± 5.19 years, including 250 female and 281 male patients. A maximum of 53 anatomical structures were segmented and used for subsequent radiomics data extraction. Radiomics features were derived from a total of 526 non-contrast and 400 contrast-enhanced (portal venous) series. The dataset is publicly available for model development and validation purposes.
Artificial intelligent Global Online Learning (GOL) theory by generalized n-ary fuzzy relation
Authors: Amini Abbas , Firouzkouhi Narjes , Nazari Marziyeh , Ghareeb Nader , Cheng Chun , Davvaz Bijan
Published: February 2024

Following the devastating COVID pandemic, a new global strategy is required to switch from traditional education to blended or online learning method. Nevertheless, there is no adamant theoretical base available for such an important transition or similar situations in the future. On the other hand, educational systems encounter uncertainty as an integral part of multilayered teaching routes. To analyze the interactions among interconnected entities, soft computing methodologies can serve as an efficient tool to manage such systems with uncertain information through incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for assessing students performances. Nevertheless, the classical binary fuzzy relation and other existing theoretical models are not capable of explaining/configuring uncertain-based datum for multiplex correlations. To fill these gaps, the present study establishes a neoteric AI-base “Global Online Learning (GOL) theory” using the newly developedn-ary relation andn-ary fuzzy relation as the generalization of classical and binary fuzzy relations. Through the enhanced mathematical concepts and intelligent soft computing techniques, the convoluted multilayer relationships of entities can be punctiliously assessed for different values of n. Furthermore, a network-based perspective is proposed as a promising systematic model when systems are imperfect and prone to uncertainty. In the provided graphical context, then-ary relation represents the hypergraph pattern, while then-ary fuzzy relation refers to the generalized fuzzy hypergraph model. Fundamental characteristics ofn-ary fuzzy relation, including reflexive, symmetric, transitive, composition,t-cut, support and Cartesian product, are systematically provided to extract mathematical interrelated expressions, as well as parametric connection betweent-cut and Cartesian product. Based on then-ary fuzzy relation, then-ary fuzzy hyperoperation “$$\circ _{\rho }$$∘ρ” is assigned to construct fuzzy hyperalgebra as the extension of classical algebra with illustrative examples. The relationships between fuzzy hyperalgebra and hyperalgebra are investigated through the notation of$$(\circ _{\rho })_{t}$$(∘ρ)tfor$$t\in (0,1].$$t∈(0,1].With the introducedt-cut methodology, the corresponding hypergraph is derived to simplify the analysis of educational information. The AI-base GOL theory provides a solid gadget for learning data management, e.g., the grading evaluation of online assessments, where the evaluation of components is accomplished on real data in terms of fuzzyn-ary relation,t-cut and support through a graphical attitude. The results indicate that the AI-base GOL theory is a robust platform to meticulously manage and control uncertain-based intercorrelated information. This platform can be converted into a coding gadget for artificial intelligent educational online mega-systems.
Development and validation of cryopreserved or freeze-dried decellularized human dermis for transplantation
Authors: Montagner Giulia , Barbazza Antonia , Pant Manvi , Lugas Andrea Tancredi , Serino Gianpaolo , Bignardi Cristina , Terzini Mara , Vantini Andrea , Stefanelli Jacopo , Trojan Diletta
Published: February 2024

For decades, dermal tissue grafts have been used in various regenerative, reconstructive, and augmentative procedures across the body. To eliminate antigenicity and immunogenic response while still preserving the individual components and collective structural integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM), dermis can be decellularized. Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) products like such are produced to accurately serve diverse clinical purposes. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of a novel decellularization protocol of the human dermis, which eliminates residual human genetic material without compromising the biomechanical integrity and collagenous content of the tissue. Moreover, a freeze-drying protocol was validated. The results showed that though our decellularization protocol, human dermis can be decellularized obtaining a biocompatible matrix. The procedure is completely realized in GMP aseptic condition, avoiding tissue terminal sterilization.
A projected-search interior-point method for nonlinearly constrained optimization
Authors: Gill Philip E. , Zhang Minxin
Published: February 2024

This paper concerns the formulation and analysis of a new interior-point method for constrained optimization that combines a shifted primal-dual interior-point method with a projected-search method for bound-constrained optimization. The method involves the computation of an approximate Newton direction for a primal-dual penalty-barrier function that incorporates shifts on both the primal and dual variables. Shifts on the dual variables allow the method to be safely “warm started” from a good approximate solution and avoids the possibility of very large solutions of the associated path-following equations. The approximate Newton direction is used in conjunction with a new projected-search line-search algorithm that employs a flexible non-monotone quasi-Armijo line search for the minimization of each penalty-barrier function. Numerical results are presented for a large set of constrained optimization problems. For comparison purposes, results are also given for two primal-dual interior-point methods that do not use projection. The first is a method that shifts both the primal and dual variables. The second is a method that involves shifts on the primal variables only. The results show that the use of both primal and dual shifts in conjunction with projection gives a method that is more robust and requires significantly fewer iterations. In particular, the number of times that the search direction must be computed is substantially reduced. Results from a set of quadratic programming test problems indicate that the method is particularly well-suited to solving the quadratic programming subproblem in a sequential quadratic programming method for nonlinear optimization.
Observational Analysis of the Educational Management of Conflicts Between Young Children in the Emmi Pikler Nursery School Using Complementarity of Data Analysis
Authors: Sagastui Jone , Herrán Elena , Anguera M. Teresa
Published: February 2024

Conflicts are inevitable in interpersonal relationships. In fact, they are usual in early childhood education centers and, thus, many educators consider them readily available educational tools, particularly valuable for children’s social development if they are constructively managed. In this research, we investigate the educational management of conflicts between young children at Emmi Pikler Nursery School in Budapest. In this early childhood education center, conflict is considered vital for children’s socialization, so the educational management of these episodes aims to support children’s resolution strategies and ultimately promote healthy socialization. The study objectives were: (1) to explore the details of the educator’s behavior in the different moments the conflict goes through; (2) to unravel the temporal distribution of the educational intervention; (3) to discover which behaviors from the conflicted children ―victim and instigator― trigger the intervention; and (4) to deepen in the effect of the intervention in children’s immediate behavior. We applied a systematic observation and used three complementary data analysis techniques to meet the objectives: Lag sequential analysis, T-Pattern detection and Polar coordinate analysis. Results indicate that the educator’s relational behavior is adaptive to the phases of the conflict and that there is a structured temporal distribution within them. Regarding children, particular behaviors from victim and instigator trigger the educator’s intervention and this intervention progressively leads to more adapted behaviors in conflicted children. In conclusion, the studied educational management of conflicts between children proves to be optimal in promoting children’s good behavior and in accompanying their socialization process.
Female cancer survivors: sexual function, psychological distress, and remaining fertility
Authors: Reiser Elisabeth , Böttcher Bettina , Ossig Charlotte , Schiller Julia , Tollinger Susanne , Toth Bettina
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Improved survivorship in cancer patients leads to new challenging issues including potential impairment of quality of life, sexual function, and fertility. The aim of this study was to assess sexual dysfunction (SD) and psychological distress in female cancer survivors who underwent fertility preservation in the past in comparison to reviewed healthy control data from other published studies. Additionally, our focus was on the difference in SD between women with current desire to get pregnant and already completed family planning.

Methods

In this prospective study, 53 female cancer survivors who underwent fertility preservation at time of cancer diagnosis between 2010 and 2020 were invited to a gynecological exam, laboratory assessment, and two questionnaires (Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS)) in 2022. These scores were compared to results in the literature of healthy controls and depending on anti-Mullerian-hormone (AMH) levels, current desire to have a child, and age.

Results

After a mean follow-up time of 70 ± 50 months, SD was detected in 60.4% (n = 32) of the 53 included patients. Normal results regarding HADS-D/anxiety and HADS-D/depression were found in 88.7% and 94.3% of patients, respectively. At time of follow-up, 69.9% (n = 40) regained regular menstrual cycles, 52.6% (n = 20) < 40 years showed a diminished ovarian reserve with AMH levels < 1.1 ng/ml and 28.3% (n = 15) suffered from infertility.

Conclusion

Female cancer survivors may be at risk for SD. Cancer patients should be informed about possible sexual dysfunction already at the start of cancer treatment and during follow-up. In addition, contraception needs to be addressed if regular cycles occur as more than two-thirds of the women regained regular menstrual cycles.
Diffusion in ultra-fine-grained CoCrFeNiMn high entropy alloy processed by equal-channel angular pressing
Authors: Jiang Yao , Liu Yuwei , Zhou Hongbo , Taheriniya Shabnam , Bian Baixue , Rogal Lukasz , Wang Jing Tao , Divinski Sergiy , Wilde Gerhard
Published: February 2024

Grain boundary diffusion in severely plastically deformed (SPD) CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy (HEA) has been studied by applying the tracer diffusion technique. After two passes of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), three untra-fast diffusion paths in ECAP-processed CoCrFeMnNi HEA were distinguished, which were identified with twin boundaries, high-angle grain boundaries and porosity defects. The enhanced diffusivity is induced by a high strain localization in the vicinity of interfaces in a deformation-induced non-equilibrium state that is correlated with the pronounced deformation twinning due to the low stacking fault energy of the material.
An Intuitive, Abductive Argument for a Right against Mental Interference
Authors: Douglas Thomas
Published: February 2024

Several authors have recently claimed that we each possess a right against interference with our minds. However, it remains unclear how this claim is to be justified. I offer a novel argument in defence of it. The argument is intuitive—appealing centrally to intuitions regarding cases—and abductive—taking the form of an inference to the best explanation; I offer a series of cases involving intuitively wrongful interventions, argue that five somewhat promising attempts to account for the wrongfulness of these interventions leave some of this wrongfulness unexplained, and show that my proposed alternative explanation, which invokes a right against mental interference, can account for this residual wrongfulness.
Bitterling fish optimization (BFO) algorithm
Authors: Zareian Lida , Rahebi Javad , Shayegan Mohammad Javad
Published: February 2024

The bitterling fish is a prime example of intelligent behavior in nature for survival. The bitterling fish uses the oyster spawning strategy as their babysitter. The female bitterling fish looks for a male fish stronger than other fish to find the right pair. In order to solve optimization issues, the Bitterling Fish Optimization (BFO) algorithm is modeled in this manuscript based on the mating behavior of these fish. The bitterling fish optimization algorithm is more accurate than the gray wolf optimization algorithm, whale optimization algorithm, butterfly optimization algorithm, Harris Hawks optimization algorithm, and black widow optimization algorithm, according to experiments and implementations on various benchmark functions. Data mining and machine learning are two areas where meta-heuristic techniques are frequently used. In trials, the MLP artificial neural network and a binary version of the BFO algorithm are used to lower the detection error for intrusion traffic. The proposed method's accuracy, precision, and sensitivity index for detecting network intrusion are 99.14%, 98.87%, and 98.85%, respectively, according to experiments on the NSL KDD data set. Compared to machine learning approaches like NNIA, DT, RF, XGBoot, and CNN, the proposed method is more accurate at detecting intrusion. The BFO algorithm is used for feature selection in the UNSW-NB15 dataset, and the tests showed that the accuracy of the proposed method is 96.72% in this dataset. The proposed method of the BFO algorithm is also used to improve Kmeans clustering, and the tests performed on the dataset of covid 19, diabetes, and kidney disease show that the proposed method performs better than iECA*, ECA*, GENCLUST +  + (G + +) methods. Deep has KNN, LVQ, SVM, ANN, and KNN.
Deep-learning-based head pose estimation from a single RGB image and its application to medical CROM measurement
Authors: Ritthipravat Panrasee , Chotikkakamthorn Kittisak , Lie Wen-Nung , Kusakunniran Worapan , Tuakta Pimchanok , Benjapornlert Paitoon
Published: February 2024

For human beings, neck movement will be degraded due to aging, trauma, musculoskeletal disorders, or degenerative diseases. Cervical range of motion (CROM) measurement is one of the popular quantitative neck examinations. Despite radiography is considered as the gold standard, it suffers from invasiveness, radiation exposure, and expensiveness. Recently, vision-based methods have been applied for CROM measurement but achieve large errors and require depth camera. On the other hand, deep neural networks provide good performances on head pose estimation (HPE) from a single image, thus promising for medical CROM measurement. We propose to use CNN networks to extract pyramidal or multi-level image features, which are passed to cross-level attention modules for feature fusion and then to a modified ASPP module and a multi-bin classification/regression module for spatial-channel attention and Euler angle conversion/prediction, respectively. The proposed technique was evaluated on public datasets, such as 300W_LP, AFLW2000, and BIWI, to verify its superior performances (with mean MAE = 3.50°, 3.40°, and 2.31° for different experimental protocols) than state-of-the-art methods. Our pre-trained model was also evaluated with our own collected dataset from hospital for CROM measurement. It also achieved the lowest MAE of 4.58° among other methods and conformed with a medical standard of 5 degrees except the pitch angle (which has a MAE of 5.70°, larger than the standard and the yaw (MAE = 3.60°) and roll angles (MAE = 4.44°)). In general, HPE technique is feasible for CROM measurement and shows its advantages of speed, non-invasiveness, free of anatomical landmark and low cost of operation.
A nonsmooth dynamics framework for simulating frictionless spatial joints with clearances
Authors: Chaturvedi Ekansh , Sandu Corina , Sandu Adrian
Published: February 2024

Real-world multibody systems do not have ideal joints; most joints have some clearance. The clearance allows the connected bodies to undergo a misalignment, and the resulting dynamics is governed by the contacts thus formed. Two approaches are typically taken to deal with contacts: the commonly used continuous dynamics approaches assume the Hertzian nature of the contact modeled by nonlinear unilateral spring-damper elements; while the nonsmooth dynamics approach results in a complementarity problem. This paper employs a nonsmooth dynamics approach to develop a coherent framework for the simulation of multibody systems having frictionless joints with clearances. Because clearances are of small magnitude relative to the dimensions of the mechanical components, the nature of the contact in the joints is assumed to be inelastic. Using this assumption and the general nonsmooth dynamics framework, the parametric formulations for cylindrical, prismatic, and revolute joints with clearances are derived. The equations of motion are formulated, and their time-discretized counterparts are cast as a nonlinear programming problem. The proposed scheme also enforces normalization constraint on Euler parameters in contrast to state-of-the-art methods that is conducive to stability of the solution for a suitable range of step sizes. In addition, a variable time-stepping scheme that includes the step size as an extra variable in the optimization is introduced and its stability properties are discussed. The versatility of the proposed framework is demonstrated through numerical experiments.
APRE: Annotation-Aware Prompt-Tuning for Relation Extraction
Authors: Wei Chao , Chen Yanping , Wang Kai , Qin Yongbin , Huang Ruizhang , Zheng Qinghua
Published: February 2024

Prompt-tuning has been successfully applied to support classification tasks in natural language processing and has achieved promising performance. The main characteristic of prompt-tuning based classification is to verbalize class labels and predict masked tokens like a cloze-like task. It has the advantage to make use of knowledge in pre-trained language models (PLMs). Because prompt templates are manually designed, they are more prone to overfitting. Furthermore, traditional prompt templates are appended in the tail of an original sentence. They are far from some semantic units in a sentence. It is weak to decode semantic information of an input relevant to PLMs. To aggregate more semantic information from PLMs for masked token prediction, we propose an annotation-aware prompt-tuning model for relation extraction. In our method, entity type representations are used as entity annotations. They are implanted near the site of entities in a sentence for decoding semantic information of PLMs. It is effective to make full use of knowledge in PLMs for relation extraction. In the experiment section, our method is validated on the Chinese literature text and SemEval 2010 Task datasets and achieves 89.3% and 90.6% in terms of F1-score, respectively. It achieves the state-of-the-art performance on two public datasets. The result further demonstrates the effectiveness of our model to decode semantic information in PLMs.
Growing Up in a Polarized Party System: Ideological Divergence and Partisan Sorting Across Generations
Authors: Jocker Thomas , van der Brug Wouter , Rekker Roderik
Published: February 2024

American political elites have increasingly polarized over the past decades, which has inspired much research into mass polarization. We study whether there is a generational component to mass polarization by disentangling period, age, and cohort differences while distinguishing two forms of mass polarization: partisan sorting and ideological divergence. Drawing from General Social Survey and American National Election Studies data, we find that partisan sorting has increased across long-standing and emerging issues, while ideological divergence has not. Contrary to expectations, over-time increases in sorting are clearly driven by changes within generations rather than by generational replacement. On several issues, newer generations turn out to be less sorted than those they replace. This tentatively suggests that, partially as a consequence of demographic changes, generational replacement will gradually lead to less polarization in American public opinion as it converges toward more liberal positions.
Scoring the EQ-HWB-S: can we do it without value sets? A non-parametric item response theory analysis
Authors: Feng You-Shan , Kohlmann Thomas , Peasgood Tessa , Engel Lidia , Mulhern Brendan , Pickard A. Simon
Published: February 2024

Background

Only one pilot value set (UK) is currently available for the EQ Health and Wellbeing Instrument short version (EQ-HWB-S). As an alternative to preference-weighted scoring, we examined whether a level summary score (LSS) is appropriate for the EQ-HWB-S using Mokken scaling analyses.

Methods

Data from patients, carers and the general population collected during the developmental phase of the EQ-HWB-S in Australia, US and UK were used, noting 3 of 9 items have since undergone revision. EQ-HWB-S data fit was examined using R package Mokken scaling’s monotone homogeneity model, utilizing the automated item selection procedure (AISP) as well as Loevinger’s scaling coefficients for items and the scale (HS). Manifest monotonicity was assessed by examining whether the cumulative probability for responses at or above each response level did not decrease across the summary score.

Results

EQ-HWB-S data were available for 3340 respondents: US = 903, Australia = 514 and UK = 1923. Mean age was 50 ± 18 and 1841 (55%) were female. AISP placed all 9 items of the EQ-HWB-S on a single scale when the lower bound was set to < 0.448. Strong scalability (HS = 0.561) was found for the EQ-HWB-S as a single scale. Stronger scales were formed by separating the psychosocial items (n = 6, HS = 0.683) and physical sensation items (n = 3, HS = 0.713). No violations of monotonicity were found except for the items mobility and daily activities for the subgroups with long-term conditions and UK subjects, respectively.

Discussion

As EQ-HWB-S items formed a strong scale and subscales based on Mokken analysis, LSS is a promising weighting-free approach to scoring.