«Pull» model of interaction of participants of a life cycle contract of vehicles
Authors: Amosov N. A. , Kuznetsova E. Yu. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction. A new challenge for manufacturers is the ability to manage the life cycle of vehicles. Control means monitoring and obtaining various data on the state and quality of the vehicle during the life cycle. To date, most vehicle life cycle management techniques are focused on the production and exploitation phases. The final stage remains outside the focus not only of management, but also of the implementation of the utilization process itself. The utilization process of vehicles is as complex as possible, both technologically and organizationally. The aim of the work is to create a model of interaction between the customer and the performer under a life cycle contract. The model will allow the timely transition of the vehicle to all subsequent stages of the life cycle and the implementation of the utilization process after the vehicle is out of service. The article is devoted to the issue of vehicle life cycle management. The main provisions of the operator's and manufacturer's interest in the exploitation phase and its completion are determined. The reasons for the lack of implementation of the final stage of the life cycle (utilization) are formulated. The actions of car dealerships, which aggravate the problem with worn out transport, are described. An assessment of the Accounts Chamber on the use of the utilization fee is given.

Materials and methods. The study proposes a new model for the organisation of interaction between participants in the life cycle of vehicles, which will guarantee the implementation of all stages. An analysis of the existing modelwas carried out to develop a new model. The primary implementation of the new model was proposed as part of the life-cycle contract being introduced into vehicle procurement practices. This model was defined according to the principle of its action – ‘pull out’ model. An analysis of existing life-cycle contracts for vehicles revealed that the utilization phase was not being implemented. The reasons for the absence of the final stage of the life cycle have been identified. The role of the state in the implementation of the ‘pull out’ model has been determined. The article offers an algorithm of inclusion and creation of utilization capacities in a unified utilization system. The method of disposition of utilization capacities on the territory of Russia is offered.

Results. The scheme of interaction between the customer, the performer and the unified utilization system according to the life cycle contract is formed. The authors identified responsibilities and requirements for the life cycle phases of the contract. The requirements of the new model to the previous stages of the life cycle have been formed to ensure the completion of the final stage. The role of the ‘pull out’ model in the implementation of the concept of ‘sustainable development’ has been revealed.

Conclusion. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the developed «pulling» model, based on the reverse principle of the existing, which formed the requirements of the final stage of the vehicle life cycle to design, production and maintenance of vehicles to implement the utilization process after decommissioning. The proposed model, with the inclusion of a unified utilization system in the general mechanism for the full implementation of the life cycle contract, will allow timely implementation of the utilization of vehicles that have been decommissioned, thereby reducing the environmental impact.