bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disequilibrium Chemistry, Diabatic Thermal Structure, and Clouds in the Atmosphere of COCONUTS-2b
Authors: Zhang 张 Zhoujian 周健 , Mukherjee Sagnick , Liu Michael C. , Fortney Jonathan J. , Mader Emily , Best William M. J. , Dupuy Trent J. , Leggett Sandy K. , Karalidi Theodora , Line Michael R. , Marley Mark S. , Morley Caroline V. , Phillips Mark W. , Siverd Robert J. , Zalesky Joseph A.
Published: December 2024

Located 10.888 pc from Earth, COCONUTS-2b is a planetary-mass companion to a young (150–800 Myr) M3 star, with a wide orbital separation (6471 au) and a low companion-to-host mass ratio (0.021 ± 0.005). We have studied the atmospheric properties of COCONUTS-2b using newly acquired 1.0–2.5 μm spectroscopy from Gemini/Flamingos-2. The spectral type of COCONUTS-2b is refined to T9.5 ± 0.5 based on comparisons with T/Y dwarf spectral templates. We have conducted an extensive forward-modeling analysis, comparing the near-infrared spectrum and mid-infrared broadband photometry of COCONUTS-2b with 16 state-of-the-art atmospheric model grids developed for brown dwarfs and self-luminous exoplanets near the T/Y transition. The PH

3

-free ATMO2020++, ATMO2020++, and Exo-REM models best match the specific observations of COCONUTS-2b, regardless of variations in the input spectrophotometry. This analysis suggests the presence of disequilibrium chemistry, along with a diabatic thermal structure and/or clouds, in the atmosphere of COCONUTS-2b. All models predict fainter Y-band fluxes than observed, highlighting uncertainties in the alkali chemistry models and opacities. We determine a bolometric luminosity of

log
(

L

bol

/

L

⊙

)
=
−
6.18

dex, with a 0.5 dex wide range of [−6.43, −5.93] dex that accounts for various assumptions of atmospheric models. Using several thermal evolution models, we derive an effective temperature of

T

eff

=

483

−
53

+
44

K, a surface gravity of

log
(
g
)
=

4.19

−
0.13

+
0.18

dex, a radius of

R
=

1.11

−
0.04

+
0.03

R
Jup, and a mass of M = 8 ± 2 M
Jup. Various atmospheric model grids consistently indicate that COCONUTS-2b’s atmosphere likely has subsolar or near-solar metallicity and C/O. These findings provide valuable insights into COCONUTS-2b’s formation history and the potential outward migration to its current wide orbit.
Implementation of Aerosol Mie Scattering in POSEIDON with Application to the Hot Jupiter HD 189733 b’s Transmission, Emission, and Reflected Light Spectrum
Authors: Mullens Elijah , Lewis Nikole K. , MacDonald Ryan J.
Published: December 2024

Aerosols are a ubiquitous feature of planetary atmospheres and leave clear spectral imprints in exoplanet spectra. Pre-JWST, exoplanet retrieval frameworks mostly adopted simple parametric approximations. With JWST, we now have access to mid-infrared wavelengths where aerosols have detectable composition-specific resonance features. Here, we implement new features into the open-source atmospheric retrieval code POSEIDON to account for the complex scattering, reflection, and absorption properties of Mie-scattering aerosols. We provide an open-source database of these Mie-scattering cross sections and optical properties. We also extend the radiative transfer and retrieval functionality in POSEIDON to include multiple scattering reflection and emission spectroscopy. We demonstrate these new retrieval capabilities on archival Hubble and Spitzer transmission and secondary-eclipse spectra of the hot Jupiter HD 189733 b. We find that a high-altitude, low-density, and thin slab composed of submicron particles is necessary to fit HD 189733 b’s transmission spectrum, with multiple aerosol species providing a good fit. We additionally retrieve a subsolar H2O abundance, a subsolar K abundance, and do not detect CO2. Our joint thermal and reflection retrievals of HD 189733 b’s secondary-eclipse spectrum, however, finds no evidence of dayside aerosols, a subsolar dayside H2O abundance, enhanced CO2, or slightly subsolar alkali abundances. We additionally explore how retrieval model choices such as cloud parameterization, aerosol species and properties, and thermal structure parameterization affect retrieved atmospheric properties. Upcoming JWST data for hot Jupiters such as HD 189733 b will be well suited to enable deeper exploration of aerosol properties, allowing the formulation of a self-consistent, multidimensional picture of cloud formation processes.
Invaders break assembly rules to beat the natives: how cheatgrass cheats
Authors: Pearson Dean E. , Ortega Yvette K. , Lekberg Ylva
Published: December 2024

Understanding how some introduced plants achieve invasive status while most simply become naturalized is a fundamental question in invasion ecology. Traditional approaches comparing native and introduced plants have linked ruderal traits such as annual life history, high fecundity, and rapid growth rates to invasiveness. However, they do not explain why other introduced species bearing similar traits fail to become invasive, possibly because generic comparisons ignore local processes that drive community assembly. Herein, we contrasted native and introduced annuals in the context of local successional processes to elucidate how introduced annual bromes like cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) overtake perennial grasslands in the intermountain western United States. We created disturbed plots and seeded them first with annuals representing natives, naturalized species, or invasive bromes. We then seeded plots with native perennial community dominants to examine how the different annuals influenced succession. Native annuals established transient populations that facilitated perennial establishment compared to unseeded controls, enabling the shift to perennial dominance. Naturalized annuals mirrored the natives, but invasive annuals maintained robust populations at high biomass that inhibited perennial establishment and impeded succession. Mechanistically, invasive annuals reduced soil moisture and elevated plant biomass, litter, and soil N. However, only litter abundance correlated with perennial seedling recruitment across treatments. Overall, litter showed a unimodal relationship wherein lower litter abundance associated with native and naturalized annuals appeared to facilitate perennial seedling establishment while higher litter levels generated by invasives appeared to suppress perennial establishment and inhibit succession. Additional experiments provided little support for the roles of pathogen spill-over or plant-soil feedbacks favoring the introduced bromes. The domination of perennial grasslands by annual bromes may be driven by litter buildup that allows these introduced plants to break local succession rules by acting as both early seral and climax species. Traits like litter accumulation may strongly influence invasion outcomes but are indistinguishable using trait comparisons lacking community context.
« Sapientis est ordinare »
Authors: Somme Luc-Thomas
Published: December 2024

L’enseignement moral de l’Église gagnerait à revisiter l’ordre selon lequel il présente sa doctrine. Quatre pistes sont proposées. Premièrement : de donner priorité à la personne sur ses actes. Deuxièmement : de valoriser la générosité du salut par rapport à la résistance du péché. Troisièmement : de montrer la morale comme étant d’abord la pratique des vertus avant d’être un évitement des péchés. Quatrièmement : de développer davantage la sollicitude pour autrui que la construction de soi. Si la personne est en relation, son action doit être pensée dans le cadre du rapport à autrui. Cela n’exclut nullement le rapport à Dieu et le rapport à soi mais montre l’être humain est lié à tous les autres, et au-delà même de l’humanité à tous les êtres et à toute la création. Et cela le rend responsable à l’égard de tous, et surtout des plus vulnérables.
« Quand j’ai une boule de tristesse au cœur, il faut que ça sorte »
Authors: Lavoie Kévin , Allard-Bergeron Catherine
Published: December 2024

Le présent article documente les stratégies adaptatives d’enfants endeuillés d’un parent, c’est-à-dire les mécanismes déployés pour faire face au stress généré par un tel événement au sein de la famille. Six entrevues individuelles avec des enfants québécois âgés de 7 à 11 ans ont été réalisées, de même qu’un groupe de discussion réunissant six intervenantes sociales spécialisées en matière de deuil à l’enfance. Les stratégies d’adaptation identifiées ont différentes visées selon le besoin ressenti. Certaines visent le réconfort, alors que d’autres permettaient de se défouler ou d’exprimer des émotions socialement répréhensibles telles que la colère. Certaines stratégies visent à se sentir près du défunt malgré son absence. L’âge de l’enfant et les circonstances du décès du parent sont des éléments de contexte à prendre en considération. Les résultats montrent que le deuil est un processus singulier pour chaque enfant, qui évolue à travers le temps, et pour lequel les réponses varient en fonction des caractéristiques de l’enfant et de son environnement.
An improved propagation model of public opinion information and its governance in online social networks under Omni-media era
Authors: Wang Jiakun , Guo Xiaotong , Li Yun , Chun Liu
Published: December 2024

During the Omni-media era, the in-depth advancement of intelligent process endowed public opinion information (referred to as public opinion) with unique spreading characteristics, and put forward new and higher requirements for its governance. Against this background, we proposed an improved public opinion propagation model coupling the possible factors to grasp its spreading rules. Then, the spreading characteristics of public opinion and its governance timing-intensity-effect in online social networks (OSN) were discussed through numerical simulations. Our results showed that the propagation of public opinion shows faster speed and is more dependent on netizens' attributes in open OSN with a wider scope and depends more on information content in closed OSN. During the governance process of public opinion propagation, the regulators' strategies should have priority: Governance timing $ \succ $ governance proportion $ \succ $ punishment intensity. Based on research findings, targeted countermeasures and decision-making references were provided for the regulators to reasonably guide the evolution trend of public opinion.
Quadric surfaces of finite Chen Ⅱ-type
Authors: Al-Sabbagh Mutaz
Published: December 2024

In this paper we studied quadric surfaces in the Euclidean 3-space that were of finite type with respect to the second fundamental form Ⅱ. The main result presented in this article was that spheres were the only quadric surfaces of finite type. This indicated a specific and notable classification within the broader category of quadric surfaces based on their finite type characteristics in relation to the second fundamental form.
Navigating the challenges and future pathways of STEM education in Asia-Pacific region: A comprehensive scoping review
Authors: Jamaluddin Fadhilah , Razak Ahmad Zabidi Abdul , Rahim Suzieleez Syrene Abdul
Published: December 2024

STEM education is crucial for driving economic growth, fostering technological innovation, and addressing global challenges in the Asia-Pacific region. In 2023, Malaysia and India emerged as leading contributors to STEM education. Malaysia excels with approximately 43.5% of tertiary students earning STEM degrees, while India, with 34.0% of its students in STEM, tops the global charts in STEM graduates due to its massive population of about 1.4 billion. With nine of the top ten emerging jobs by 2025 projected to be in STEM fields, these nations are well-positioned to meet future workforce demands. Recognizing this, we examined key challenges in STEM education and calls for strategic investments to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. We leveraged the PRISMA-ScR framework and content analysis of literature from 2010 to 2024, identifying seven STEM education challenges across all levels of educational institutions: Teaching practices, learning approaches, gender disparities, location, career interest, student enrollment, and student soft skills. The most pressing challenges in STEM education are teaching practices, learning approaches, and gender disparities, with issues most pronounced at the secondary school level and continuing into higher education. The study's findings advance theoretical understanding of STEM education obstacles and provide a foundation for further research. Practically, this work offers crucial insights for educators, policymakers, and stakeholders, enabling the development of targeted interventions to improve teaching quality, enhance learning experiences, and foster gender inclusivity in STEM. Addressing these issues is vital to advancing Sustainable Development Goal 4, promoting a more accessible, equitable, and impactful STEM education across the Asia-Pacific region. This study thus enriches the literature on the challenges of STEM education by offering a comprehensive, unbiased review of past research, drawing broader conclusions, and outlining pathways for future exploration.
The Role of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Threat Detection
Authors: Ali Omar
Published: December 2024

In an increasingly digital world, the prevalence of cyber threats necessitates advanced solutions for effective threat detection and response. This chapter explores the critical role of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) in enhancing cybersecurity practices. By leveraging algorithms that learn from data, these technologies enable the identification of anomalous patterns and behaviors that signify potential threats. The discussion encompasses various ML and DL techniques, their applications in threat detection, and the challenges faced in implementation. Furthermore, we analyze case studies demonstrating the efficacy of these technologies in real-world scenarios. Ultimately, this chapter underscores the significance of integrating ML and DL into cybersecurity frameworks to improve threat detection capabilities and foster a proactive security posture.
Automated Evidence Collection and Analysis Using AI
Authors: Albtosh Luay
Published: December 2024

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in forensic investigations has transformed evidence collection and analysis, enabling quicker and more accurate assessments. This chapter examines the evolution and application of automated AI-driven tools in collecting, processing, and analyzing digital evidence. AI-based systems assist forensic experts by autonomously identifying, organizing, and categorizing massive datasets, thus accelerating traditional investigative workflows. Key AI methods discussed include machine learning algorithms for data classification, natural language processing for document analysis, and computer vision for image and video recognition. Additionally, we explore the implications of these technologies for the legal system, privacy concerns, and the accuracy and reliability of evidence derived through automation. This chapter also considers potential challenges, such as data integrity and bias, as well as future trends in AI applications within digital forensics.
How Human-Centered Cybersecurity (HCC) Training Fosters Organizational Cybersecurity Cultures (CSC)
Authors: Godwin Zealous I.
Published: December 2024

In the increasingly complex cybersecurity landscape, human behavior plays a critical role in the efficacy of security measures within organizations. This author explores the integration of Human-Centered Cybersecurity (HCC), or usable security, practices, through the concepts of usability, education, and user engagement in security training programs to alleviate cybersecurity-induced friction. HCC emphasizes operational feasibility, advocating for training programs like Security Education, Training, and Awareness (SETA) that adapt to individual learning styles and roles, thereby fostering a culture of cybersecurity awareness. Some strategies to increase cybersecurity compliance include personalized training via hybrid interaction systems and gamification and a redefinition of employees' roles within an environment to shift to a security culture. This research calls for continuous evaluation and a multidimensional framework to incorporate human factors, aiming to strengthen Cybersecurity Culture (CSC) within organizations.
The Role of Cybersecurity Legislation in Promoting Data Privacy
Authors: Aleke Ngozi Tracy
Published: December 2024

The operation of robust cybersecurity legislation plays a fundamental role in safeguarding data privacy in an increasingly unified digital terrain, providing a legal framework that sensitizes individuals on their rights and privileges as it relates to the protection of their data, regulates data handlers by stipulating applicable rules and regulations when handling the information of a data subject, and establishes enforceable measures when a breach occurs, thereby fostering a culture of trust and accountability in the digital landscape. Cybersecurity legislation covering data privacy requirements is critical in ensuring the safety and security of every individual's personal information.
An Examination of Phenomenological Research Design for Doctoral Students
Authors: Taylor Whitney , Benson Greg M. , Hendon Michalina
Published: December 2024

This chapter discusses the benefits and barriers to adopting a phenomenological research design for a qualitative dissertation from a graduate candidate's perspective. The chapter addresses topics such as the exploration of topics in qualitative design, including a human-centered approach to research and theory generation, while evaluating the cons of phenomenological designs, for example, subjectivity, limited generalizability, research time, and difficulty with replication of results. Eight subtypes of phenomenological research are discussed, exploring their main theorists, the focus of the subtype, analysis of the subtype, and a benefits assessment for each subtype. The design explorations allow for insight into data collection procedures of phenomenological studies; the following are included: how to collect data, familiarization, procedures for initial coding, generating themes, theme development, and theme naming. After coding is discussed, researchers are presented with an overview of the narrative write-up process.
The Landscape of Instructional Coaching in International Schools
Authors: Benedict Jordan , Moreland Kristen , Olson-Wyman Samantha , Cofino Kim , Killion Joellen
Published: December 2024

Increasingly, international schools are adopting instructional coaching programs. The Association for the Advancement of Instructional Coaching in International Schools conducted a survey to get insights into the state of these instructional programs in international schools. Results indicate that instructional coaching methods and approaches vary. Through a survey tool, 89 participants representing 60 unique international schools(AAICIS) around the world shared their insights about the instructional coaching programs in their schools. The information contained in the responses yields insights into how instructional coaching programs are implemented at schools of varying sizes with a range of academic programs. Based on an analysis of the data, the researchers recommend identifying the explicit purpose for implementing an instructional coaching program, providing intentional professional development for coaches aligned to the purpose, and creating a strong metric to evaluate the effectiveness of the instructional coaching program.
Safe and Sound | Understanding How Emotional Factors Shape Relocation and Retention Decisions in the UAE
Authors: Smith Tiffany Lachelle
Published: December 2024

This chapter investigates the migration and retention decisions of two Black American educational expatriates (EDPats) who transitioned from teaching positions in the United States to opportunities in the United Arab Emirates. Employing the concept of affective turnover, a novel theoretical framework in the field of education, this study provides a nuanced analysis of teacher turnover, emphasizing a specific affective connection between migration and retention. The results of this research present recommendations for international school leaders, policymakers, and educators to better comprehend the factors influencing teacher retention in international contexts.
Navigating the Impact and Methodologies of College Rankings
Authors: Luby Samuel Michael
Published: December 2024

College rankings have played a pivotal part in the higher education sector and continue to be an annual focus during the student application and admissions process. From determining the college choice process for anxious seniors to influencing budgets of university departments, the rise and fall on the rankings make a significant impact. With the increasing reliance of electronic sources for news about university choice and the higher education industry, rankings will continue to influence the university sector. Yet, confusion exists as to which university ranking system should be followed, their methodologies and what that says about a university, and whether a university ranking list can be trusted and how to use it for postsecondary futures. This chapter dives into the history of university rankings to frame the current context, followed by a thorough analysis of the existing ranking systems and their methodologies. Lastly, the guide showcases how schools, university counselors, and prospective families can utilize rankings to aid them in the postsecondary preparation process.
Developing Tools and Assessments to Evaluate Healthcare Professionals' AI Competencies
Authors: Torres Zambrano Gina Marcela
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as a computer science technique that simulates human intelligence, containing algorithms that profit from machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, and neural networks.1 Machine learning (ML) is a branch of AI that aims to develop techniques that allow computers to learn while performing their tasks and improve with experience and through the use of data.2 Deep learning (DL) is an evolution of ML, being a model capable of learning through its computing method, resembling the functionality of a brain, with algorithms that can determine whether a prediction is accurate or not through its own neural network, requiring minimal or no human help. Both algorithms use data to learn, but the key difference is how they process and learn from them
Progressive Cancer Treatment
Authors: Bhambri Pankaj , Khang Alex
Published: December 2024

Precision oncology is an innovative method of treating cancer that customizes therapeutic approaches according to the distinct genetic and molecular features of each specific tumor. This chapter explores the significant impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on precision oncology, highlighting advanced techniques for data analysis, pattern recognition, and predictive modeling. The chapter provides an introduction to the principles of precision oncology and the changing landscape of cancer therapy. It discusses the difficulties associated with old approaches and presents AI as a solution to these concerns. The text extensively explores the role of AI in finding important biomarkers, genetic mutations, and molecular aberrations, which in turn helps define personalized treatment choices.A substantial segment of the chapter focuses on AI-powered advancements in the field of cancer detection and prognosis.
EFL Teachers' Understanding and Practices of Classroom-Based Diagnostic Assessment in Differentiated Instruction
Authors: Hidayat Luki Emiliya , Amalia Suci Nugrah , Rohmana Wahyu Indah Mala , Virdyna Nina Khayatul , Ardi Priyatno , Suryati Nunung
Published: December 2024

In today's diverse world, differentiated instruction holds the potential to accommodate learners' diversities in EFL classrooms. Prior to differentiating the instruction, conducting diagnostic assessment is crucial to portray learners' characteristics and needs. Hence, this chapter explicates EFL teachers' understanding and practices of diagnostic assessment within the context of EFL differentiated instruction. A survey, involving 155 EFL teachers from Indonesian secondary schools, was employed. The quantitative data were then supported by the data from semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed most teachers had a good understanding of diagnostic assessment, though a significant proportion of them did not frequently make use of the diagnostic assessment results to differentiate instructions, and half of them successfully practiced it. This chapter also figured out EFL teachers' techniques and strategies to differentiate content, process, and product evaluation, with different levels of complexity based on students' readiness, interest, and learning profiles.
Learner Engagement With Feedback in Essay Writing
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Hoa Mai , Nguyen Tuan Hoang
Published: December 2024

Understanding student engagement with feedback plays a significant role in differentiated instruction in language teaching and learning. This qualitative multiple case study explored the particular cases of student engagement in the specific contexts of two high schools in Binh Duong province in Vietnam. Findings from teacher and student interviews, follow-up questions, students' reflections on feedback from teachers and from Artificial Intelligence (AI) softwares, and analysis of original and revised essays indicate students' mixed responses to AI feedback compared to their active participation in classroom feedback practices through reciprocal dialogues between teacher and students. The findings suggest an in-depth investigation into effective strategies employed by teachers and students in utilizing AI feedback for individualized learning.
Inclusion of Young English Learners
Authors: Vo Le Thi Hong , Nguyen Hoa Thi
Published: December 2024

The trend of teaching English to young learners reflects the need to prepare children with English requirements for participation in global contexts. However, the inclusion of young English learners requires an appropriate methodology. Total Physical Response (TPR) is considered to involve students actively through physical actions, which can be more engaging than traditional approaches, particularly beneficial to beginners. Adopted a qualitative approach with questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observation, the study aims to explore how TPR methods can improve the effectiveness of teaching vocabulary and comprehension to young learners aged 5-9 at an English language center in Vietnam. The results showed improvements in both vocabulary and comprehension among learners, indicating that TPR made learning English enjoyable for children and actively engaged them in the process. Recommendations for TPR's contribution to English teaching and learning to enhance learners' language skills, particularly in early childhood education, have been given at the end of the study.
Industrial Wastewater Treatment by Common Effluent Treatment Plants Located on the Ganga River and Its Tributaries
Authors: Rana Vivek , Satavan Reena , Vidyarthi Ajit Kumar
Published: December 2024

The rapid growth of industrialization has led to a significant increase in industrial wastewater generation, necessitating proper treatment before effluent discharge into water bodies. Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) have been established in industrial clusters to address this need. Industries within these clusters send effluent from their Primary Effluent Treatment Plants (PETPs) to CETPs. CETPs are centralized facilities that treat effluents from multiple industries, providing a cost-effective solution to collective wastewater challenges. This chapter provides an insight into the wastewater treatment technologies employed in CETPs with special focus on eight CETPs, monitored by CPCB, located on the Ganga main stem and its tributaries. The study revealed that all eight CETPs were found non-complying with discharge norms. This chapter also includes the suggestive way forward to improve the functioning of these CETPs.
Influence of University Support on Entrepreneurial Intentions
Authors: Dahiya Kavita , Taneja Sanjay , Jain Anuradha , Shamsuddin Zelhuda
Published: December 2024

This research utilizes the framework of institutional theory to explore the dynamics between student entrepreneurial ambitions and the support mechanisms provided by their educational institutions. The study involves a survey of 420 students from a selection of universities in Haryana, chosen for their diverse entrepreneurial programs. The study employs structural equation modeling to analyze the data and test our theoretical propositions. This research contributes a novel perspective to the discourse on entrepreneurship education by underscoring the significance of the institutional environment, rather than individual entrepreneurial traits, as a determinant of entrepreneurial intent among students.
Views of Design Students on Improvements in Critical Thinking Through PBL in China's HyFlex Environment
Authors: Xu Jun , Abdullah Zaleha , Abu Samah Norazrena
Published: December 2024

This study explores how problem-based learning (PBL) in a hybrid-flexible (HyFlex) environment has affected critical thinking skills among Chinese university students. Recognizing the importance of critical thinking in producing quality design solutions, the authors involved a mixed-methods approach including quantitative research using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and qualitative analyses. Pretests and posttests with 30 students revealed significant improvements in critical thinking. The findings led to seven proposed teaching strategies, offering insights into the effectiveness of PBL and its implications for future educational practices.
A A pretexto de uma biblioteca conventual amazônica: livros, educação e presença mercedária em Belém do Grão-Pará nos séculos XVII e XVIII
Authors: Sangenis Luiz Fernando Conde , Andrade Lucia Maria Gonçalves de
Published: December 2024

Os mercedários chegaram à Amazônia em 1639, e no ano seguinte, fundaram seu primeiro convento em Belém no Estado independente do Grão-Pará e Maranhão, ao final do período da União Ibérica (1580-1640). Vindos de Quito, no Vice-Reino do Peru, acompanharam a expedição de retorno de Pedro Teixeira, através do Rio Amazonas, após os portugueses terem empreendido a subida e a exploração do rio, de Belém ao Equador. Deram importante contribuição à fundação de Belém e ao desenvolvimento da região amazônica. O convento, marco arquitetônico da cidade, foi importante centro de formação da Ordem das Mercês e seus frades conquistaram reconhecimento pelo preparo intelectual para o exercício do ensino e a promoção da cultura letrada. A biblioteca conventual notabilizou-se não apenas pelo número de livros, mas também pela variedade e riqueza do seu acervo. Dela nada sobrou, a não ser as informações registradas no Inventário dos bens sequestrados aos extintos religiosos mercedários na Capitania do Pará, manuscrito sob a guarda do Arquivo Nacional, e que foi produzido em 1794, quando da expulsão dos mercedários de Belém. O estudo do espólio bibliográfico ajuda a compreender como os livros deram suporte às funções missionárias e educativas exercidas pelos membros da Ordem Mercedária na Amazônia.
Challenges of education scenarios in primary care in the light of the Previne Brasil neoselectivity
Authors: Mendes Karina Magrini Carneiro , Carnut Leonardo , Guerra Lucia Dias da Silva , Camilo Claudia
Published: December 2024

Primary Health Care (PHC) is considered a privileged space for the inclusion of students in the Unified Health System (UHS), which is most desirable the pedagogical scenario for the health course graduate education profile. However, its new financing model induces a neoselectivity that may mischaracterize UHS principles in primary care. This study is a qualitative meta-synthesis to understand the challenges of teaching practice scenarios in PHC, identified in the research, in order to discuss them in light of the limits imposed by the neoselectivity, induced by the Previne Brasil Program (Prevent Brazil Program). A search was conducted on the Virtual Health Library (VHL) portal. The search strategy was designed using the following keywords: ‘practice scenarios in higher education’ (object), ‘challenges’ (qualifier) and ‘PHC’ (amplitude/limit). The selection of publications was carried out using the PRISMA protocol by two independent reviewers, and data analysis was performed in the thematic modality. The quality analysis of the articles was based on the CASP protocol and the internal validation of the excerpts was done by a third evaluator. From the 17 articles included in the review, it was possible to extract 5 analytical dimensions of the scenarios' challenges, which are related to: ‘care’, ‘teaching’, ‘management’, ‘health professionals' attitude’, ‘community attitude’. All dimensions presented several sub-themes, except for 'community attitude'. Given the existing challenges, the neoselectivity induced in PHC tends to intensify most of the problems. It is assumed that the impacts on PHC settings may, in the future, place it as a non-viable practice scenario.
CIRC-0008798 and CIRC-0035967 as novel biomarkers in oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Farahani Sara Bagheri , Jahangiri Farzaneh , Jamshidian Faranak
Published: December 2024

Emerging evidence has indicated that circRNAs, a novel class of endogenous noncoding RNAs formed by a covalently closed loop, play an important role in oral cancer. However, the role of circ-0008798 and circ-0035967 in oral cancer remains unclear. Oral cancer has been considered as one of the major leading causes of cancer-related mortality. It involves different mechanisms and signaling pathways such as a MAPK pathway that comprises several key signalling components and phosphorylation events in tumorigenesis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression profile of circRNA in oral cancer tissue and explore the regulatory mechanism in oral cancer tumorigenesis. the present study, qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of circ-0008798, circ-0035967 and map2k1 in 30 pairs of samples of oral cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue.Significant upregulation of MAP2K1 gene was noted in the OLP (p value = 0.034), and OSCC (p value = 0.00), specimens compared with healthy controls. The expression level of circ-008798 and circ-0035967 expression was down-regulated in OSCC tissues (p value = 0.23), (p value = 0.00) and OLP tissues (p value = 0.088), (p value = 0.054).Moreover, the area under ROC curves (AUC) ofmap2k1 was 0.92, has_circ_0008798 was 1.00 (p < 0.001) and has_circ_0035967 was 0.99 (p < 0.001). Our data may help researchers to predict the molecular mechanisms of novel circ-0008798 and circ-0035967 in the development and progression of oral cancer comprehensively. Moreover, the present data indicate that novel circ-0008798 and circ-0035967 targets may be a series of promising candidates as biomarkers for oral cancer.
Mechanical Tests of EN AW 5754 Aluminium Alloy Clinch Joints
Authors: Shukurea Abdulhakim , Kovács Péter Zoltán , Lukács János
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study is to learn about the possibilities of joining two sheets of the same thickness. The geometrical parameters significantly determine the strength of the resulting joint. Experimental tests were carried out to check the joint strength. During the test, the material used EN AW-5754 aluminium alloy, and the total clinched sheet thickness was 2 mm. The joints were prepared at the University of Miskolc with a TOX@ clinching tool. The most important parameters of the joints from the point of view of mechanical strength are the neck thickness and the undercut, besides which the only measurable parameter we analyzed is the bottom thickness. The cross-section of the joints was analyzed by microscopic examination and compared with the numerical simulation for FEA validation. The clinched joints were tested with a fatigue test and the effect of bottom thickness was investigated.
Determination of Crack Limits in Sinter Components by Compaction Process Performance Analysis
Authors: Mustafa Sameen , Ganthaler Elias , Villgrattner Thomas , Concli Franco , Peer Angelika
Published: December 2024

Cracks in sinter component production are a significant concern in the field of powder metallurgy, and predicting and avoiding them is crucial for ensuring the quality and reliability of the final products. This study aims to contribute to this effort by investigating the variability of cracks under constant press settings by studying the performance of the compaction process. To this end, we intentionally induced cracks at different levels and studied the respective process performance. Our results show that with the same settings of the powder compaction press, 99% of the produced cracks could be found within a range of ±25% of the overall mean of the crack lengths. The lower and upper limits of crack lengths found and the approach presented for their determination can be used in future for the classification of good and bad parts on the basis of the availability of only a few crack measurements and permissible values of crack lengths that have yet to be defined.
Effect of Build Height on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hollow Tubes Fabricated Using Arc-DED Process
Authors: Amritbir Singh , Shiva S.
Published: December 2024

The current research effort employed the arc based directed energy deposition (DED) method to create high aspect ratio hollow tubes. The wire feed speed and travel speed of 1.5 m/min and 60 cm/min were chosen for final fabrication with an internal diameter and height of around 6 mm and 120 mm respectively. The properties were assessed in three different regions divided on the basis of build height designated as top, middle and bottom. The findings indicate a significant variation in mechanical properties caused by the presence of distinct microstructures. The superior mechanical properties were achieved in the bottom region, attributed to the grain refinement because of high cooling rate. The grain coarsening contradicts the highest hardness achieved in the top samples owing to the occurrence of brittle M/A islands in the microstructure. Additionally, the M/A islands transform into carbides inside the middle sample because of the elevated tempering temperature circumstances.
Bibliographic Study Regarding Renewable Energy: Infrared Reflective Layer Made of Al2O3 Using HVOF Process
Authors: Constantin Vlad-Ștefan , Murariu Alin Constantin , Perianu Ion Aurel , Duma Iuliana
Published: December 2024

This bibliographic research explores the field of renewable energy by exploiting the potential of the High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Deposition (HVOF) method, an advanced thermal spray coating technology. HVOF involves propelling powder particles at remarkable speeds onto material surfaces, providing a means of applying protective coatings. This study explores the versatility of HVOF in creating protective coatings tailored for renewable energy applications. Specifically, the main coating targeted is the infrared reflective coating, made using alumina powders renowned for their exceptional attributes such as high strength, hardness, corrosion resistance and heat resistance, making them ideal for various components used in the renewable energy sector.
The effect of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination on pregnant women: A scoping review
Authors: Malamule Mildred M. , Gundo Rodwell , Mulaudzi Mavis
Published: December 2024

Background: Globally, reports have shown that pregnant women refuse to receive the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. This has posed a significant concern given the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.Aim: This study aims to explore the current evidence on the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on pregnant women.Method: A scoping review was conducted using Levac et al.’s five-stage framework. Relevant articles were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and EBSCOhost (CINAHL) databases. The identified articles were screened based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data from the selected articles were charted and summarised into meaningful units.Results: Twelve articles from developed countries were included in the review. Studies have reported that COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is generally safe and does not increase the risk of pregnancy complications. There was no significant difference in delivery outcomes between vaccinated and unvaccinated women. Neonatal outcomes were not affected by the vaccination. However, one study identified a potential risk of spontaneous abortion between 6 and 9 weeks of gestation among vaccinated women.Conclusion: Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination is considered safe during pregnancy. While some studies have identified potential associations with certain conditions, the overall benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks. Continued monitoring of the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy is recommended. Pregnant women should consult healthcare providers to make informed decisions regarding vaccination.Contribution: The findings of this review may assist in alleviating anxiety and reducing vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women.
Coinfection of some respiratory viruses in cattle: An abattoir study
Authors: Saeed Intisar K. , Ali Yahia H. , Abdellatif Muaz Magzoub , Mustafa Alaa , Abdel-Mageed Ahmad M.
Published: December 2024

To investigate the existence of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV-3) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as well as its coinfections, a total of 420 pneumonic lung tissue samples were collected from slaughterhouses in three different areas. Samples were examined for the three viruses using antigen detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, and positive results were further confirmed using fluorescent antibody test and polymerase chain reaction. Prevalences detected were 10.47% for BVDV, 11.9% for parainfluenza virus type (PIV-3) and 7.6% for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Observed coinfections were bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) and PIV-3 in 8.1%, BVD and RSV in only two samples (1%). Existence of all three viruses was detected in two samples (1%).Contribution: In this study, infection of the three viruses was confirmed in cattle and existence of its coinfection is documented for the first time.
Opportunities, challenges and development areas of chartered accountants in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Brands Chené , Mayer Claude-Hélène , Oosthuizen Rudolf M.
Published: December 2024

Orientation: The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) marks a period of tremendous technological progress, altering professions across industries, including chartered accountancy.Research purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore the opportunities and challenges, for chartered accountants (CA) in the 4IR, emphasising the changing roles, competencies and problems they confront in this transitional era.Motivation for the study: Scholars have recently issued numerous calls towards the understanding of subjective perceptions and in situ responses to 4IR in professionals and organisational realities.Research approach/design and method: The research followed a qualitative approach to data collection and obtained the data through 14 semi-structured interviews. This research provides an in-depth insight into the 4IR’s implications for CAs and their profession.Main findings: The findings reveal that the 4IR offers opportunities for enhanced work–life balance, risk reduction and increased productivity. Challenges raised by CAs included privacy issues, the need for updated training and competencies and the stress of job redundancy.Practical/managerial implications: Recommendations are made to meet the 4IR’s opportunities and challenges. Chartered accountancies are expected to embrace continuous learning, work closely with professional organisations, match technological goals with client demands, cultivate a culture of curiosity and keep informed through collective awareness. Training needs to address these aspects.Contributions/value-add: Policymakers and regulatory organisations should encourage professional bodies to become aware of opportunities and challenges of the 4IR and use this for future development.
Prevalence of Accessory Mandibular Canal Variations Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in the North Gujarat Population: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mehta Dhaval Niranjan , Oza Deesha , Gandhi Rucha , Jha Mithila , Singh Nidhi , Patel Shreya Jeni
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The mandibular canal houses the nerve, artery and vein, providing sensory innervation to the lower teeth and tissues. Understanding its variations is essential in dental practice to avoid nerve injuries during anaesthesia and surgeries. Dentists use imaging techniques such as panoramic X-rays and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to visualise the canal, with CBCT offering detailed Three-dimensional images to assist in accurate treatment planning. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mandibular canal variations using CBCT, focusing on their occurrence by side, gender and age group.

Materials and Methods:

This study included 100 subjects aged 21–60, divided into four age groups of 25 each. CBCT scans were used to assess mandibular canal variations. Data were analysed with the Chi-square test, using a significance threshold of P < 0.05.

Results:

Out of 100 subjects, 75% had normal mandibular canals and 25% had accessory canals, with a higher prevalence in males, though the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.10). The accessory canals were more common on the right side and in the 21–30 age group, with males exhibiting more bifid and trifid variations.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of accessory mandibular canals was seen more in males and on the right side. CBCT seems to be a suitable tool for evaluating bifid and trifid canals.
Management of Obesity in Bangladesh – Position Statement of Bangladesh Endocrine Society
Authors: Haq Tahniyah , Robel Md. Abdul Bari , Kobra Taheratul , Karim Md. Rezaul , Ahammed Afsar , Mahjabeen Samira , Sarkar Sourav , Tanni Afia Zainab , Hossain Tanjina , Mustari Marufa , Shaheen Mohammad Abul Hasnat , Mohiuddin S. M. , Selim Shahjada , Afsana Faria , Saifuddin M. , Parveen Shahana , Sharifuzzaman Mirza , Rahman Muhammad Hafizur , Pathan Md. Faruque
Published: December 2024

Background:

Obesity is a complex, multifactorial, chronic, relapsing disease with variable clinical phenotypes defined by abnormal or excessive adiposity which impairs physical and mental health. Although Bangladesh is experiencing a rise in the prevalence of obesity, it is still undermanaged. The metabolic phenotype of the people of our country is different from Caucasians. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a structured, customized and evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the management of obesity in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The Bangladesh Endocrine Society (BES) Obesity Taskforce undertook to develop a position statement for managing obesity in Bangladesh. The task force created a committee of 19 members to write the statement based on international obesity guidelines, randomized controlled trials, national observational studies, and expert opinion. Several consultative meetings were arranged to discuss the position statement until it was ratified unanimously by the committee.

Results:

The position statement includes recommendations on the overall management of obesity. There are sections on the diagnosis, assessment, treatment, and prevention of obesity in adults of Bangladesh.

Conclusion:

This is a position statement for the people of Bangladesh who are suffering from obesity. We hope it provides knowledge to primary care physicians and endocrinologists to improve the assessment and treatment of obesity. Through this position statement, BES hopes to improve the management of obesity in Bangladesh and make it structured and uniform.