bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy Consumption Analysis of Beer Brewing Process Based on Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Pu Tie Cheng , Bai Jing
Published: December 2012

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) method is used for the energy consumption analysis of beer brewing process. First, the energy consumption of multi-batch beer brewing processes is analyzed using the super-efficiency model. Secondly, the optimal interval energy consumption frontier is obtained by sensitivity analysis. And then the optimal energy consumption frontier can be on-line amended, so as to guide the energy consumption of the practical production process. Finally, the application results demonstrate the effective of the proposed method.
Practical Model Educed and Simulation of Photovoltaic Power System
Authors: Dong Quan , Wang Zhi Xin , Xu Juan
Published: December 2012

According to the photovoltaic working principle,the math model is established, because some parameters of the model are difficultly obtained in actual work, its application is limited. Considering that in pactice certain paramaters may be not obtained, the photovoltaic math model is properly simplified, thus the applied model is educed. For the exporting power of photovoltaic cell, the control model is established based dq coordinates. Calculating of simulation shows the model can be used in practice, it has practicability.
Optimal Sizing for the CCHP System Based on Software LINGO
Authors: Yuan Yin , Ruan Ying Jun , Liu Qing Rong , Wang Jian , Zhang Zhi Li
Published: December 2012

In this paper, a model to optimize the system capacity size of the CCHP system based on a commercial software package LINGO is introduced and an illustrative example is presented. The model calculates the optimal size for the CCHP system applied in ST building and analyzes the variation trend of the annual cost saving ratio which is affected by the annual running and maintenance cost and annual investment cost. The influence of the energy price on the system is also be analyzed. When electricity price rises, the CCHP system is more economic than the conventional energy supply system. The CCHP optimal capacity size increases when electricity price rises. When natural gas price rises, the CCHP optimal capacity size decreases and it has poor economy.
Control Automotive Exhausts and Fuel-Saving by Introducing Improved Detergent Additives
Authors: Luo Fu Sheng
Published: December 2012

Automotive emissions bring out serious influences on urban environment. They are becoming the major urban source of atmospheric pollution, with the rapid development of automobile industry. They are more and more serious in Chinese big cities, and also important globally. A new kind of detergent additives was developed on the base of engine combustion mechanism via depressing the quench layer. For the purpose of evaluating the effects of fuel-saving and emission control, idle tests and platform tests were done; results show the exhaust emission were reduced evidently and automobile’s performance were improved observably.
Analysis of the Auxiliary Steam Header’s Source Selection
Authors: Li Yong , Xu Shi Ming , Li Ren Jie , Cai Shi Feng
Published: December 2012

Taking the actual production status of a 600MW unit as an example, under different steam flux, it has used the equivalent enthalpy drop theory in this paper to calculate the thermal economic indicators of the auxiliary steam header with different auxiliary steam sources. Moreover, it has conducted a quantitative analysis of the mechanism of the choosing of auxiliary steam source and auxiliary steam source switching’s influence on the thermal economy of unit in this paper.
The Analysis of Energy Saving in the Process of Producing Mineral Wool: a Case Study in Shanxi Province
Authors: Zhang Yuan Yuan , Cheng Fang Qin
Published: December 2012

Melting is the most energy consuming process in the manufacture of mineral wool. This paper dealt with evaluation of two types of energy saving measures in the process of producing mineral wool. In order to detect the energy saving measures that can also provide economic profits, the study examined the following measures: utilization of flue gas heat, thermal power supplement with coke oven gas. The analytical method used for energy saving were material balance and energy balance. It is found that the most effective energy saving measure is thermal power supplement with coke oven gas. The maximum energy saving is up to 39.3% when coke/coke oven gas is 50:1. The economic cost of saving runs to 3.017 million RMB every year.
Development of a Compact Two-Stage Transmission Line Transformer
Authors: Jiang Chun Yang , Xia Sheng Guo
Published: December 2012

In this paper, a compact TLT is developed basted on the theories of transmission line and a LCR triggered switch is introduced. A compact structure of components and topology is designed to reduce the influence of the total inductance of capacitor discharge circuit. The experimental results indicate that the voltage gain is up to 1.98. A pulse with peak voltage of up to 20kV, duration time of 200ns and rise time of about 25ns is obtained; the TLT could work successfully in 500Hz.
Study on the Power Generation Data of High-Power BIPV Grid-Connected PV Power Station
Authors: Li De Jun , Fang Hao
Published: December 2012

The study start with the generating capacity data of a 800kWp high power BIPV Grid-Connected PV power station in one year, analysis the condition that the solar cell performance and climate affection. Focus on analyzing inverter condition and yearly power generating capacity, monthly power generating capacity, daily power generating capacity.Time Period power generating capacity of Mono-si and polycrystalline silicon two types of small PV grid-connected power station.Analysis the problems on BIPV at same time and draws the corresponding conclusion.
Simulation on Coal Devolatilization Combined a Multi-Step Kinetic Model with Chemkin Software
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wang Qin Hui , Luo Zhong Yang , Fang Meng Xiang
Published: December 2012

As the first step in coal combustion and gasification, coal devolatilization has significant effect on reaction process. Previous coal devolatilization models have some disadvantages, such as poor flexibility, model complexity, and requirement of characterization parameters. Recently, Sommariva et al. have proposed a multi-step kinetic model of coal devolatilization. This model avoids the disadvantages mentioned above and can predict elemental composition of tar and char. In this paper, the mechanism of this model has been revised for simple application to Chemkin. Revision method is that some reactions are split into more reactions by using one pseudo-intermediate-product to replace several final products. Simulation results show that calculation results from revised mechanism compare quite well with that from original mechanism and have good agreement with experimental data. The revised mechanism is accurate and can be applied to Chemkin very easily, which gives it wide application to simulation of coal pyrolysis, gasification and combustion.
Preparation of Ni–Cu Bimetallic Catalyst and its Properties for the Direct Synthesis of Acetic Acid from Methanol and Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Wen Jun Feng , Liu Xia
Published: December 2012

Active carbon (AC) supported Ni–Cu bimetallic catalysts for the direct synthesis of acetic acid (AcOH) from CH3OH and CO were synthesized and investigated. The synthesized catalysts were fully characterized using surface comparator and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The catalytic activities were investigated by the initial experiments. The experimental results showed that Ni–Cu /AC catalysts were efficient for the direct synthesis of AcOH. The conversion of CH3OH was higher than 15.7 % .
Risk Assessment on Coal and Gas Outburst Based on TOPSIS Model
Authors: Yang Yu Zhong , Wu Li Yun
Published: December 2012

Risk assessment on coal and gas outburst was necessary to Coal mine safety management. The model of TOPSIS(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), which is based on entropy weight, was constructed to evaluate outburst risk. The subjectivity which lies in ascertaining factors’ weights was avoided in this model. So the evaluation result is more objective than other evaluation methods. The model was applied in the safety assessment of coal and gas outburst for four mining faces from east area of Ping Dingshan mining area. The order preference of outburst risk was gained. At the same time, the risk differences among four faces were attained. The evaluation results indicate that TOPSIS method be more reasonable and objective. It is easier to use in Coal mines.
The Study of Insulation Monitoring Method for Power Battery Pack
Authors: Zheng Min Xin , Yang Qing Sen , Qi Bo Jin , Chen Shuo Ying , Li Bin
Published: December 2012

With the large-scale use of power battery pack, its security issues are attracting more attention, especially insulation faults. Traditional insulation monitoring methods can only detect insulation faults appeared at the most positive and negative ends of the battery pack, which cannot meet the requirements of monitoring the insulation state of an entire battery pack system. This paper analyzed the multi-point grounding insulation model of power battery pack, and obtained an equivalent model. A method of detecting the insulation resistance and locating the insulation fault was given, based on the equivalent model. The results of the simulation on Multisim 10.0 and the experiment test proved the correctness of the simplifying process of the insulation model and the insulation monitoring method.
Global Utilization of Solar Energy and Development of Solar Cell Materials
Authors: Ma Chun , Zhang Xiao Chun , Zhang Guang Yu , Chen Wei Ping , Gu Song
Published: December 2012

Solar energy is an important energy for human and used in various technologies. Solar technologies are technologies which capture, convert and distribute solar energy. Studies focus on the solar energy to its importance or specific technology. There is, however, little qualitative information on status of solar energy utilizing and solar cell materials developing. This research has tended to focus on systematic analysis of global utilization and development of solar cell materials, rather than on specific technology. The results showed that from 1996 to 2010, the global solar energy utilization is exponential growth with years. The top ten solar energy utilization countries account for 90.7% of total. The highest efficiency cells are a type of tree-junction cells. Although thin-film technologies and emerging PV have some good properties, they still need to be improved, especially in efficiency.
NVH Prediction of Electric Vehicle Driving Motor Base on Radial Electromagnetic Force Analysis
Authors: Yu Peng , Zhang Tong , Liu Pu Hui
Published: December 2012

This paper takes PMSM of EV as research object. Radial electromagnetic force analysis, housing modal analysis and NVH prediction are conducted. Radial electromagnetic force order and frequency are obtained by theoretical calculation, numerical verification is executed using Ansoft software. Modal characteristics are obtained by FEA numerical simulation. Combined the results of the electromagnetic analysis with modal simulation, the NVH performance is investigated.
Design and Simulation of Pure Electric Vehicle Power System
Authors: Song Shi Gang , Li Xiao Ping , Sun Ze Chang
Published: December 2012

According to pure electric vehicle dynamic requirements and the driving conditions, took an electric vehicle as an example, analyzed principle and method of power system with voltage, electric current, capacity and connection methods. Software ADVISOR was employed to establish vehicle model, analyzed dynamic performance under drive cycle conditions. Simulation result indicate that battery pack is in normal state, dynamic performances including acceleration performance, gradient ability, maximum speed, driving mileage are satisfied to design requirements. So the rationality and validity of the power system are demonstrated.
Study on the Influence of Large-Scale Electric Vehicles on Power Grid
Authors: Yang Wen , Zhai Chang Guo , Huang Xiao Shu
Published: December 2012

Nowadays, the depression of energy market and the ever rising price of gasoline make us pursue green transportation. With the forceful support from our government, Electric Vehicles (EVs) develop rapidly. When randomly being connected to the power grid in large scale, EVs will bring new problems to grid in operation. This paper analyzes the load characteristics of EVs and their impact on the power grid. Study the charging and discharging time and capacity of each type of EVs, based on the EVs’ charging mode in China. This paper adopts Monte Carlo simulation method to obtain expectation and standard deviation of power demand of a single EV, then calculates the overall power demand of large-scale EVs.
Simulation Analysis of the Heat Temperature Field of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack for Pure Electric Vehicle
Authors: Liu Hong Wei , Zhang Juan , Xin Nai Long
Published: December 2012

To reduce the influence of heat temperature conditions on performance, reliability and safety of lithium-ion battery pack for pure electric vehicle, and then on the vehicle performance. This article selects the heat temperature field of lithium-ion battery pack as the research object. Firstly, the heat temperature condition of the battery is analyzed , and the distribution of the heat temperature field is determined ; Secondly, the heat model and the heat rate model are set up, and the thermal model of the thermal physical parameters and definite solution conditions are determined; Finally, the heat of battery pack is analyzed by CFD, including using Fluent module in ANSYS software ; Through the simulation analysis of heat temperature field of lithium-ion battery, theoretical guidances of reasonable design to the heat management system are provided.
Energy Model of Electric Vehicle Filling Station
Authors: Zhang Ru Tong , Yao Teng Fei
Published: December 2012

With the increasingly grim world environmental degradation and energy crisis, the industrial development of electric vehicles and charging for electric facilities has risen to national strategy. Based on the introduction of electric vehicle energy supply mode, proposed for power mode is the main push of the State Grid Corporation of business model. The Large-scale construction of electric vehicle filling station presents a challenge to Power grid, but through the application of V2G technology, electric vehicle power battery become smart grid energy storage structure, strengthen the new energy, electric vehicle charging the relationship between the three power stations and smart grid, and accelerate the integration process among the three.
The Influence Research of Complementarities of Electric Vehicles and Distributed Energy on Grid Spinning Reserve Capacity and Peak Regulation
Authors: Xu Zi Heng , Ma Rui , Li Shu Kui
Published: December 2012

This paper raises a model which concerns about spinning reserve capacity of output and predicted error based on chance-constrained programming. The distribution function is established on the load demand of electric vehicles. Considering the complementarities of electric vehicles and small hydro and wind power generations, this paper constructs a dispatch model on the participation of electric vehicles in reserve capacity and peak regulation. Joint operation of different units in the system achieved by genetic algorithm examines the influence from joint dispatch of electric vehicles and small hydro and wind power generations on spinning reserve capacity and peak regulation plan, setting different values of confidence to make comparison of electric charge in the entire system. According to the real operation statistics of an electric company in a certain province, the reliability and accuracy of the model was guaranteed.
State of Energy Estimation Based on AUKF for Lithium Battery Used on Pure Electric Vehicle
Authors: Liu Hong Wei , Wang Hai Feng , Guo Chong
Published: December 2012

State of Energy can be used to predict the driving mileage of electric vehicles, design the control strategy of vehicle energy distribution, and improve the safety of electric vehicle. Accurate estimaion of state of energy is one of the key technologies in the study on battery management system of electric vehicle. In this paper, the State of Energy is estimated by using Unscented Kalman Filter, while the process noise and measurement noise is adjusted by using the Sage-Husa adaptive algorithm, as a result the estimation accuracy is improved. The result shows that the State of Energy estimation by using Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter algorithm is satisfactory to electric vehicle.
V2G Reserve Power Supply Coordination Based on CVaR Model
Authors: Liao Yu Juan , Shi Le Feng
Published: December 2012

this paper establishes the revenue functions of both electric vehicle users(EV users) and power company, further analyzes users’ intention to reserve power and the feed-in tariff strategy of power company with CVaR criterion, for better V2G( vehicle to grid) reserve power supply coordination. The simulation shows that the users tend to reserve a specific quantity of power which is equal to the expected lowest reverse power supply in the condition of high risk aversion degree; however it will increase with the rise of feed-in tariff when the degree is low. In addition, the double marginalization which occurs in the reverse supply chain of V2G reserve power results in that the optimal reserve power of users cannot achieve the maximum mutual profit, in decentralized decision mode. Therefore two different coordination strategies for users with different risk aversion are proposed in this paper.
Study and Practice on the Whole Process Evaluation Strategies of Green Building
Authors: He Kai Yuan , Wang Yong Chao , Wang Feng
Published: December 2012

The national green building evaluation is divided into two phases of design and operation label. Because of involving many units, complicated operation and long construction, it is difficult to achieve the whole process identification of green building.It refines the assessment process of green building into conceptual design, predesign, construction drawing stage, green construction, completion and acceptance of construction, operation and maintenance respectively.Furthermore, the detail requirements and implementary strategies are expatiated in the article, combined with related theory and engineering design. Additional, it analyzed on green strategies of evaluation based on an actual engineering to provide a reference for green building assessment.
Calculation and Experiment Research of Improving Generated Energy in Grid-Connected PV Power Station Based on Manual Adjustment of Angle
Authors: Li Xiao Xiao , Zhao Zheng Ming , Ju Zhen He
Published: December 2012

The method that dividing a year into multiple time periods and calculating the optimum tilt angle of PV panels in every period is proposed. Calculation software is developed using Labview language. Taking some region in Liaoning province for example, the yearly radiation under fixed inclination, two inclinations and three inclinations every year are compared. The capital investment and increased revenue in the case of fixed inclination, adjusting the bracket twice a year and adjusting the bracket three times a year are compared. The calculation results show that adjusting the angle twice a year and adjusting it three times a year can increase the overall yield 4.03% and 4.39% respectively. The test platform is built up. And the experiment results show that the generating capacity of the 8th unit after angle adjustment increases significantly comparing with that of the 5th unit under fixed inclination.
Energy Consumption Analysis of a New Rural Green Building
Authors: Li Jin Ping , Diao Rong Dan , Ma Si Cong , Leng Xiao Chao , Wang Chun Long
Published: December 2012

In order to meet farmers’ energy demands of gas, domestic hot water and winter heating with renewable energy in rural areas, according to farmers’ living habits in winter, a 30m2 insulated rural green building made of brick and concrete, was developed to integrate with thermostatic digester heated by solar energy and low-temperature radiant bed. Energy expenditure and thermal economy of the green building were studied at different winter ambient temperature subsequently. The results show that the consumer’s energy demands of gas, hot water and winter heating can be met in the green building even in winter. When the outdoor temperature is -20°C, the indoor’s is higher than 15°C. Compared with traditional rural buildings made of brick and concrete, the new one saves 2.8 tons of standard coal and RMB￥3275 every year and the payback period of investment of the enforced cost is 3.9 years.
The Simulation Research of Maximum Power Point Tracking Based on Asymmetric Fuzzy-PI Control for Photovoltaic Grid-Connected System
Authors: Yang Hai Zhu , Zeng Zhi Wei
Published: December 2012

According to the characteristics of photovoltaic array, a novel asymmetric fuzzy PI control method is introduced for MPPT of photovoltaic system. Photovoltaic energy generation system can track the maximum power of PV cell rapidly by using asymmetric fuzzy control. On the base of asymmetric fuzzy control, an added PI control is used to eliminate the power oscillation around maximum power point. Simulation results have verified the good performance of the proposed method
Heat Storage Composite Wall, Ventilation Application
Authors: Zhao Jing Bo
Published: December 2012

The article mainly describes the complex wall in the building structure design and thermal storage wall is arranged on the application; composite wall laid in phase change heat storage module technology; heat storage composite wall summer application characteristics and feasibility; soil air exchanger application and building air conditioning system energy saving effect. Full description of composite wall in different seasons of the feasibility and effect of energy saving.
Research on Green Building Material Assessment Factors and Eco-Efficiency Issue
Authors: Hsieh Ting Ting , Chiang Che Ming , Ho Ming Chin , Lai Kwang Pang
Published: December 2012

Due to global climate changes, Earth sustainability issues have become topics of international attention. The frequency of abnormal weather occurrences and disasters around the world has doubled and the health of the environment has been deteriorating, causing catastrophes around the world. All countries must have a prudent response to this situation. The environmental topics debated globally have changed from passive discussions about environmental protection and energy consumption to more proactive dialogues on sustainable cycles and LOHAS. Taiwan has actively proposed relevant environmental responsive measures, including plans for ecological cities, green buildings, and green building materials (GBMs). GBMs are the basic factor of environmental building projects and they have the most extensive scope of applications, as they have a direct effect on human health and are the key to the Earth’s sustainability. This research summarized international sustainability assessment systems, international green building material labels, and relevant building material assessment mechanisms, in order to summarize and integrate a variety of factors with the life cyclic assessment (LCA) of the ISO14040 series as the axis for establishing a preliminary green building material assessment system. In addition, the Fuzzy Delphi Methods was employed for analysis to discuss the green building material environmental load (Ln) factor and the green building material quality (Qn) factor. According to the research and analysis results, this research established the GBM Eco-Efficiency Assessment System in the context of climate change, to be used as the basis for subsequent research on GBM eco-efficiency standards. Using efficiency as a starting point, this research hoped to achieve a win-win strategy of balancing human health with the Earth’s sustainable development.
Energy Conservation Analysis on Self-Thermal Insulation Walls Structural System in Cold Areas
Authors: Bai Li , Zhang Yi Ran , Chu Jia Rui
Published: December 2012

Analysis of Chinese current development status of wall insulation technology, aim at the importance of building energy conservation in cold areas. Point out that developing energy-saving building wall is the key to development of building energy saving. In this paper, put a kind of an advanced self-thermal insulation walls as an example in Changchun area. Adopt Tsinghua university’s building thermal environmental simulation software DeST-c. Modeling analysis of building’s heating air conditioner operation consumption in the whole year under three different kinds of walls. Through the comparison we know that the structure adopting new self-thermal insulation wall has the most remarkable energy saving effect.
Study of the Density Control of the Low Density Sulphate Aluminium Cement (SAC) Foam Concrete
Authors: Yu Xin Gang , Huang Hai Ke , Lin Lin , Xu Hong Chao , Wu Di
Published: December 2012

With enhancement of the energy conservation of the building and the external wall thermal insulation material fire protection level, the preparation of low density foam concrete has become the hot spot of the material engineer. The main factors, influencing the low density light foam concrete, include the selection and dosage of cementitous material and admixture, the volume of foam, water consumption and chemical admixture for concrete. This paper mainly discusses the effects of the dosage of water reducing agent, the admixture partly replacing SAC, the weight of water and binder and the volume proportion of slurry and foam on the density control of low density light foam concrete.
Sysmatic Analyses for Green Building Engineering Based on Value Evaluation
Authors: Yu Xiao Ping , Fu Xiang Zhao
Published: December 2012

From the methodology for evaluating the value of green building engineering (GBE), this paper presents the connotation of GBE value system. GBE value evaluation is a comprehensive project appraisal and evaluation of the value of the principles and values of properties, methods and value property are discussed. Based on the main body of generalization and conflict of the interest, the construction of GBE systems’ general objectives with engineering management, engineering technology, and engineering economy, engineering social and ecological goals are analyzed, and from time, space and energy dimension GBE system internal correlations properties are studied. Taking basic goals of GBE engineering as example, to evaluate the value system is especially important to systemic analysis of the BEE engineering practice.
Thermodynamics Simulation of Ethanol Synthesis via Biomass Gasification
Authors: Yan Chun Yu , Pan Feng , Li Cai Xin , Li Ya Li , Wu Yan Fei , Zhu Ying Ying
Published: December 2012

Based on Aspen Plus software platform, a simulation of ethanol synthesis from biomass-derived synthesis gas processed on the assumption of both physical and thermodynamic equilibrium. The influences of these conditions such as temperature, reactor pressure and the H2 to (CO+CO2) mole ratio in the feed gas on CO and CO2 conversion and ethanol yield were investigated. The results showed that reaction temperature, pressure and synthesis gas composition have the most important effect on ethanol synthesis behavior. In this process, low temperature and high pressure would be advantageous for ethanol production.
A Closed-Loop Temperature Control System for the Solar Energy Heat Collector
Authors: Li Ming Yun , Zhong Yu Ning , Cheng Jia Bao
Published: December 2012

According to GB /T 4271-2007 in regard to the temperature control requirements, we have designed a set of closed loop temperature control system, it uses two levels of temperature control, and it uses LabVIEW PID kit and an external controllable silicon module for secondary heating fine-tuning, the whole system ensures that the solar heat collector inlet temperature stability at the setting value ± 0.1 °C.
Research Progress in the Bio-Oil Hydrotreating Process
Authors: Wang Chao , Chen Guan Yi , Lan Wei Juan
Published: December 2012

Bio-oil derived from biomass fast pyrolysis and biodiesel are all clean and renewable energy, which have been paid more and more attention by relevant researchers. The technology of biomass pyrolysis oil’s refining and producing second generation biodiesel by hydrotreating process are developed rapidly. This article presents the new research progress in the bio-oil hydrotreating refining for fuel.
Logistics Cost Optimization for Straw Biomass Supply and its Application in Heilongjiang Province, China
Authors: Wu Jin Zhuo , Wang Li Hai , Ma Lin
Published: December 2012

The operation of many biomass-based power plants in China have demonstrated that biomass supply logistics system is a key part to achieve economic, stable, and safe operation for such plants. In this paper, the straw biomass supply system of a biomass-based power plant located in Wangkui County, Heilongjiang Province was analyzed, and a mathematical model was established to optimize the fuel supply system. In consideration of the current straw biomass fuel supply system in China, that is "fuel origin – purchasing station - power plant", appropriate hypothesis and simplification were made on the linear transportation model. The logistics parameters for the biopower plant were obtained through the model analysis. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to analyze the optimal delivered cost of biomass under different operation scenarios, which enhanced the reliability of the final results. The optimal model proposed in this paper can also be used as a reference for the other biopower plants in the other regions.
The Research on Influence of Intensive Straw-Gasifying on Household Energy Consumption in the Countryside
Authors: Wang Yu Bo , Ma Xin
Published: December 2012

The intensive providing of gasified straw energy is an important way to make use of the straw energy. The thesis analyses the current situation of the intensive countryside straw-gasifying stations and problems such as lack of money, management, safety and precautions against pollution, and professional standards. It discuses the influence of intensive straw-gasifying on household energy consumption in the countryside, and based on that, it gives suggestion on how to enlarge financial investment, set up examine system and professional standards, enforce the technique innovation, establish supervision system and develop the straw-gasifying industry rapidly.
Establishment of a Suspension Cell System for Transformation of Jatropha curcas Using Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Qiong , Chen Jie Nan , Zhan Peng , Zhang Lin , Kong Qian Qian
Published: December 2012

Cell suspension cultures of Jatropha curcas were established and optimized in shake flasks. The stem segments of Jatropha curcas were taken as the explants for studying the techniques of callus induction and cell suspension cultures. The result shows that the optimal medium for callus induction is MS+2,4-D0.6mg/L+ BA1.0mg/L + Sucrose 30g/L, in which the callus is humid, loose and colorful. The fine suspension cell system have been established by inoculating the callus in the medium of MS+NAA0.2mg/L+2,4-D1.0mg/L+BA0.5mg/L for 13 days of cultivation, and the rotation speed should be lower than 120rpm in the culture of oscillation. QD-labeled chitosan-DNA complexes as nano transgenic system, using CdSe as bio-labels and chitosan-DNA(CS-DNA) as nano-scale genic carriers, were prepared and shown to have uniform particle sizes and superior fluorescence properties. Confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM) confirmed the target DNA from QD-labeled chitosan-DNA complexes was integrated into the plant cell and suggest the possibility of stable transformation in Jatropha curcas.
Development of Straw Briquette Boiler
Authors: Ma Peng , Liu Hui Li , Liu Sheng Yong
Published: December 2012

According to the specialty of straw briquette combustion, thermodynamic calculating and special processing methods, the special boiler which applies to cornstalk briquettes is designed and made. It has double fire grates which have function of smoke removing. Moreover, the combustion efficiency of this boiler is higher and the incomplete combustion loss of solid and gas is less. The contents of fume, nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide in the vent smoke are low enough to accords with national standard requirement. So it will have a splendid future to use straw as the substitute of coal in our country.
Preparation and Properties of Starch-Based Coal Gasification Catalyst
Authors: Niu Yu , Cui Guo Xing , Lin Ming Sui , Huang Kui , Wang Ren Zhang
Published: December 2012

With starch and NaOH, CaO as raw materials, the type of coal gasification catalyst prepared with mixed, the effects of different additive ratio on the viscosity, mechanical strength, thermal stability, chemical reactivity. The results show that the catalyst can improve the briquette indicators, play a good catalytic effect on the gasification of coal briquette, in 10% of the amount of catalyst, the effect of the additive is used in an amount 30% optimal.
Catalysts in Biomass Pyrolysis: A Brief Review
Authors: Tan Shun , Zhang Zhi Jun , Sun Jian Ping , Wang Qing Wen
Published: December 2012

Biomass can be converted to a variety of fuels and chemicals by different technologies, one of them is fast pyrolysis which offers a convenient way to convert biomass mainly into a liquid product known as bio-oil. Bio-oils must be upgraded if they are to be used as a replacement for diesel and gasoline fuels. This review presents a summary of recent research in catalysts which were used in biomass pyrolysis, focusing on the catalysts applied, upgrading methods and reaction mechanisms.
The Method of Suppress the Output Power Fluctuations of Off-Grid Wind Power Systems
Authors: Liu Xuan , Jia Yan , Zhao Fei
Published: December 2012

As the wind is random and intermittent, the output power of the wind turbine will also be changing, causing the generator output power fluctuation and voltage fluctuation, flicker, and early deterioration of battery. In order to improve the stability of the off-grid power systems, power quality, and better to protect the energy storage devices, the paper analyzes the main factors of the impact of fluctuations in output power from the off-grid wind power systems and energy storage technology to mitigate the off-grid wind turbine power fluctuations.
Design of Direct-Driven Type Wind Power Generation Experimental Platform System
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Xiao Ming , Li Can
Published: December 2012

Although the world wind generation capacity is in constant growth, the technology of wind generation is not perfect. Therefore, the research on wind power technology research is very neces-sary .Research on the design scheme of test platform of hardware, design wind turbine simulator, the power electronic converter device, platform detection circuit, drive circuit and control circuit and other parts, and build the direct-driven type of wind generation experimental platform. It by the generator commissioning, the analysis result has demonstrated that the design of the system is rational.
Forecast of China's PV Application System with GM (1, 1) Model
Authors: Guan Ye Qing , Li Zhao Lai , Zhu Wen Qing
Published: December 2012

Based on China's Photo Voltaic Energy Application Status Analysis, the paper forecast and analyzed photo voltaic applications installed capacity by combining the grey GM (1, 1) model with the second-order weakening buffer operator. The results of the forecast showed that the annual growth rate of total installed capacity of PV applications is 17.4% during "The 12th Five-Year Plan", to reach 14829.55 MW which can achieve the basic planning objectives by 2015. The future of renewable energy accounting for the proportion of energy consumption will become increasingly large. Judging from the forecast results, due to the PV Application market uncertainties highlight, the Government should continue to promote technical progress, improve energy efficiency, in order to better promote the development of PV Application market.
High Power Rate Wind Turbine Converter Technology
Authors: Lin Zi Xu , Xu Hong Hua
Published: December 2012

Wind power converter device and its control system is the main research part of wind turbine. This paper, combining the technology developing trend of DFIG(double-fed induction generator) and FPWT (full power wind turbine), describes the implementation of converter devices and the strategies for LVRT, under unbalanced voltage, and gives the zero voltage ride through waveforms for DFIG
Voltage Control Method Research of PV Power System Based on Small Signal Model
Authors: Pan Lei , Wang Dong Lin , Wang Bei Bei , Gong Wei , Su Gang
Published: December 2012

In photovoltaic power systems, both photovoltaic modules and switching-mode converters present nonlinear and time-variant characteristics, which result in a difficult control problem. This paper presents an in-depth analysis and modeling to discover the inherent features of a photovoltaic (PV) power system and proposes a control method for PV power system based on small-signal model. This paper also presents a state equation and transfer function of PV power system and a stable control system for regulating the photovoltaic voltage. Simulation and experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented analysis, design, and implementation.
Impact on Transient Angle Stability with DFIG-Based Wind Generation Connected to Power System
Authors: Yu Qiang , Sun Hua Dong , Tang Yong
Published: December 2012

This paper investigates the impact of wind generation consisting of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) on the system angle stability. 3 different factors are considered: the penetration level of wind generation, the connection location of wind generation and the reactive power control strategy that the DFIG utilizes. A modified IEEE-3 machine and 10 bus system has been used as the test network and a number of simulations have been conducted. It shows that the higher the penetration level of the DFIG-based wind generation, the better the system angle stability. Compared with unity power factor control strategy, the system stability is better when the DFIG utilizes constant voltage control strategy. Beside, different connection locations of wind generation also have effects on system stability.
Using the Particle Swarm Optimization Model to Evaluate the Wind Power Enterprise Development Ability under Low-Carbon Economy Environment
Authors: Liu Zhi Bin , Yang Rui Peng
Published: December 2012

Electricity is the basic industry in China, which has the important strategic significance to maintain the social stability, ensure the national security and promote the economic development. With the rapid development of power market reform and the establishment of bidding for access mechanism, the competition among the power generation enterprises becomes much drastic. To evaluate the development ability of wind power enterprises in the power new energy, the authors proposed a novel particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which used the randomness, the rapidity and the global characteristics to obtain the pheromone distribution, and had the faster convergence velocity. The development ability evaluation of 12 wind power enterprises showed that the results given by this model were reliable, and it is feasible to evaluate the development ability using this method.
A Solar Automatic Tracking System Design Based on FPGA
Authors: Zhu Jun Feng , Liu Yue Wen , Liu Wen Bing
Published: December 2012

In order to improve the solar energy utilization, in the respect of technology, we should perfect solar tracking devices, realization of the sunlight is always vertical to the solar panels. This paper is to design a kind of solar automatic tracking system. Design adopts the traditional photoelectric tracking method, with the FPGA as the core, and by using the methods of scheduled monitoring, achieve precise control of stepping motor, thereby promoting the solar panels rotate remains vertical to the sun, which can effectively improve the efficiency of solar power systems.
A Dynamic Growth Model of Wind Power Optimal Investment Paths
Authors: Zhao Wen Hui , Wang Hui , Ge Jing Yan
Published: December 2012

The current worldwide energy consumption is largely dominated by non-renewable energies such as coal, oil and gas. For well-known reasons, this concept should be changed to a more sustainable one based on renewable. Wind power, the most developed and commercialized renewable energy technology, has considerable potential. The relationship between economic growth, energy exhaustion and green house gas (GHG) emissions becomes the major recent years. Considering economic development, demand for energy, emissions abatement and wind energy substitution rate, a dynamic growth model with substitution of wind energy is presented. Based on the model, it describes how the activity of substitution impacts other elements in the economic system in the future. China is the selected study region and the optimal systemic project of wind power industry has been obtained by using the theory of cybernetics.
A Novel Emergency Power Supply Unit in MW Wind Turbine Electric Pitch System
Authors: Ye Cheng Cheng
Published: December 2012

An Emergency power supply unit is of great importance to an electric pitch control system especially in MW turbines. Based on a basic parallel-series shift circuit, the paper proposes a novel topology of an emergency power supply unit consisting of ultracapacitors in electric pitch system. Capacitance configuration is obtained and the percentage of efficiency improvement using parallel-series circuit is calculated. Then a control strategy involving three operating modes is established and specific parameters are shown with a flow chart. Finally a simulation of an emergency power supply unit is established and the result confirms the theory.
Study on the Active Power Output Control of Wind Energy for Power Balance
Authors: Song Ming , Su Yuanyuan
Published: December 2012

This paper carried out a study on the contribution of wind farm to power balance of power system by wind power output control. The study mainly focuses on active power control capability of double feed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbine, active power control mode of wind farm and capability of wind farm to participating in peak-load regulation. According to the National standard of China GB/T 19963-2011, a study case is given to simulate the impact of wind farm grid integration based on a real power system in order to validate the active power mode and control process presented in the paper.
Parallel Particle-Grid Hybrid Method for Nuclear Power System Accident Analysis
Authors: Guo Yun
Published: December 2012

In this paper, the numerical analysis code of particle-grid hybrid method is developed by parallel computational technology. Particle-grid hybrid method is a new method for two-phase flow problem analysis. When this method was used to study the two-phase problem in nuclear power system the calculation time was very long. Hence, the MPI (Message Passing Interface) library is chosen as the parallel environment to parallel the original serial code. The grid and particle calculation parts are paralleled, separately. Jacobi point iteration method and ADI (alternating direction implicit) combined with divide and flow line programming techniques for grid calculation are discussed. Then several cases are set for testing the parallel efficiency of different pressure correction equation solution methods. This method has been proved to be accurate and reliable compared with the results of original serial code; it can shorten the calculating time to a certain degree. And this method provides valuable references and guidelines for further improvement of hybrid method and expansion of its application fields.
The MSIV Closure Direct Scram Transient Analysis of Lungmen ABWR Using TRACE/PARCS
Authors: Wang Jong Rong , Lin Hao Tzu , Chen Hsiung Chih , Shih Chun Kuan
Published: December 2012

This study consists of two steps. The first step is the development of a TRACE (TRAC/RELAP Advanced Computational Engine)/PARCS(Purdue Advanced Reactor Core Simulator) model of Lungmen nuclear power plant (NPP) which includes the vessel, reactor internal pumps (RIPs), main steam lines, and important control systems (such as the feedwater control system, steam bypass & pressure control system, and recirculation flow control system), etc.. Key parameters were identified to refine the TRACE/PARCS model further in the frame of a steady state analysis. The second step is the performance of Lungmen NPP TRACE/PARCS model transient analyses. The MSIV closure direct scram (MSIVCD, MSIV = Main Steamline Isolation Valve) transient data of Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) is used to verify the Lungmen NPP TRACE/PARCS model. The trends of TRACE/PARCS analysis results are consistent with the FSAR data. It indicates that there is a respectable accuracy in the Lungmen NPP TRACE/PARCS model.
Studies on the Crosslinked Multiblock Sulfonated Poly(arylene Ether Sulfone) Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Ling Ying , Wu Yi , Fan Song Ge , Wei Feng , Zhao Mao Jie , Bi Hui Ping , Hu Zhao Xia , Chen Shou Wen
Published: December 2012

Polymers based on sulfonated multiblock copoly(arylene ether sulfone)s were prepared successfully by the reaction between a phenoxide-end-capped hydrophilic oligomer and a fluoride-end-capped hydrophobic oligomer. They were subsequently used as the starting material to prepare crosslinking membranes (cbSPAES) using P2O5 as the crosslinking reagent during the membrane casting procedure. The fundamental properties of the resulting crosslinked multiblock membranes, such as water uptake, size change, proton conductivity and hydrolytic stability were investigated in details.
Preparation and Performance of La0.7Sr0.15Ca0.15Co1-xFexO3-δ as the Cathode Material for SOFC
Authors: Liu Jian Bo , Gao Wen Yuan , Han Qing He , Jing Yang Yang , Yang Hao Wen , Hu Zhiqiang , Jiang Yan Yan
Published: December 2012

La0.7Sr0.15Ca0.15Co1-xFexO3-δ (x=0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4) powders for the applications as the cathode materials in solid oxide fuel cell were synthesized by the citrate method. The results show that the powders calcined at 800°C for 3h were high pure perovskite state and the position of XRD spectra diffraction peak of the cathode materials shifts to the small angle and the grain size of the powders is getting larger with increasing the content of Fe-doped. The open circuit voltage of the single cell made by molding method in the hydrogen/air with La0.7Sr0.15Ca0.15Co1-xFexO3-δas its cathode got the maximum-value bwteen the the operation temperature from 550°C to 600°C.The maximum power density decreases from 392.85mW/cm2 to 331.99 mW/cm2 with x content increases from 0.1 to 0.4 at the the operation temperature of 650 °C.
Preparation and Properties of Ni-Doped Ce0.85Sm0.15O1.925 Ceramics for Use as Electrolytes in IT-SOFCs
Authors: Xu Dan , Xu Shi Feng
Published: December 2012

The electrolytes materials Ce0.85Sm0.15O1.925-x at.% NiO (x=0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3) were synthesized by means of glycine-nitrate process (GNP). Their structures and ionic conductivities were characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM and AC impedance spectroscopy. All the electrolytes were found to be ceria based solid solutions of fluorite type structures. Grain size increased with NiO. The grain boundary resistance could be decreased by small addition of NiO. Electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) fabricated with Ni-doped Ce0.85Sm0.15O1.925 electrolytes were studied and compared with other fuel cell with Ce0.85Sm0.15O1.925 (SDC) as electrolytes.