bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytological Profile of Lymphadenopathies at Tertiary Health Care Institute
Authors: Jadhav Rajiv , Ukey (Patil) Archana M
Published: November 2016

Background: Lymph node aspiration is of great value for diagnosis of lymphadenitis, lymphomas and metastatic carcinoma. FNAC is a simple, minimally invasive investigative procedure, producing speedy result and is inexpensive with low complication rate Objectives: To study and classify various lymphadenitis using FNAC. Results and Conclusion: Majority of study participants [186(97.89%)] had localized lymphadenopathy and 4(2.11%) had generalized lymphadenopathy. Most commmonsite involved was cervical lymph nodes. 147 (77.64%) lesions were non-neoplastic while 43 (22.36%) were neoplastic; most of them being metastatic. Tubercular lymphadenitis was diagnosed on cytology in 45 cases.
Umbilical Coiling Index and Perinatal Outcome
Authors: Gaikwad Priyanka , Patole Kiran
Published: November 2016

Objective(s): To study the association of umbilical coiling index and perinatal outcome. Method(s): One hundred and eighty five umbilical cords were examined. A coil is defined as a complete 360 degree spiral course of umbilical vessels around the Wharton's jelly. UCI was calculated by dividing the total number of coils by the umbilical cord length in centimeters. The outcomes measured were in terms of IUGR, fetal heart rate abnormalities during labor, meconium stained amniotic fluid, number of assisted deliveries was required, NICU admission, FSB, birth weight, ponderal index, various maternal medical illnesses. Hypocoiling was considered with UCI less than the 10th percentile and hypercoiling was considered UCI greater than the 90th percentile. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square test, Fischer's exact test and the t-test where ever applicable. Results: The mean UCI in our study was found to be 0.19 + 0.08. 82.7% of the cords were normocoiled whereas 8.6% cords were hypocoiled as well as hypercoiled each. UCI below 0.09 was hypocoiling and above 0.26 was hypercoiling. In this study we found that PIH, IUGR, intrapartum FHR abnormalities, MSAF, increased instrumental deliveries, low APGAR scores, NICU admission, low birth weight and ponderal index were significantly associated with hypocoiling (P<0.05). IUGR and NICU admission were significantly associated with hypercoiling too (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our study thus shows that abnormal umbilical coiling index is associated with adverse perinatal outcome.
A Case of Pleomorphic Variant of Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma in Skeletal Muscle - A Rare Case Report
Authors: Dharrao Shital , Bajaj Preeti , Mahajan S. V.
Published: November 2016

Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) is a malignant soft tissue tumour with phenotypical and biological features of embryonic skeletal muscle cells. It is rare in skeletal musculature of extremities and its pleomorphic variant is rare which is associated with worse outcome. Here we are discussing a case of three year old male child who has presented with recurrence of swelling in right gluteal region arising in gluteus maximus muscle who is a known case of Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) 1 year back at the same site. Patient was operated with wide local excision and underwent chemotherapy cycles.
A Comparative Study of Tastes and Preferences for Local and Foreign Wines in Bulgaria
Authors: Boshnakov Petyo
Published: November 2016

On the base of semantic differential instrument we assess the main factors in wine demand attitudes of Bulgarian customers. We aim to find out whether specific marketing techniques could alter the demand for such a traditional product as wine in Bulgaria. Given the fact that Bulgarian customers only recently received the possibility to taste imported wines, we find that foreign wines are evaluated mainly through the prejudice of past knowledge, not linked to the actual product. Most likely the demand for wine in Bulgaria will continue to be focused on local products. Furthermore we examine how the region of origin determines tastes and preferences for consuming a specific type of wine and the price the consumer is ready to pay.
“Paraíso”, agricultura y virtud en algunas obras de Jenofonte
Authors: Olivares Chávez Carolina
Published: November 2016

En este artículo deseo demostrar que, a partir de la noción del “paraíso” persa, Jenofonte realiza el encomio de la agricultura y promueve que los ciudadanos la practiquen, porque es una de las pocas actividades anuales que contribuyen a la educación del hombre al fomentar la virtud. Lejos de quedarse en una mera propuesta teórica, o incluso utópica, el propio historiador la puso en práctica durante su estancia en Escilunte. Para lograr mi objetivo me baso principalmente en el Económico, la Anábasis y la Ciropedia; también tomo en cuenta los estudios de Jesús Lens-Tuero y Jesús Carruesco, entre otros especialistas modernos. Divido esta exposición en cuatro partes.
Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of a Series of Aporphine Derivatives with Antiarrhythmic Activities and Acute Toxicity
Authors: Wang Hui , Cheng Xin , Kong Shujun , Yang Zixian , Wang Hongmei , Huang Qiuyan , Li Jingyu , Chen Cheng , Ma Yunshu
Published: November 2016

Some aporphine alkaloids, such as crebanine, were found to present arrhythmic activity and also higher toxicity. A series of derivatives were synthesized by using three kinds of aporphine alkaloids (crebanine, isocorydine, and stephanine) as lead compounds. Chemical methods, including ring-opening reaction, bromination, methylation, acetylation, quaternization, and dehydrogenation, were adopted. Nineteen target derivatives were evaluated for their antiarrhythmic potential in the mouse model of ventricular fibrillation (VF), induced by CHCl3, and five of the derivatives were investigated further in the rat model of arrhythmia, induced by BaCl2. Meanwhile, preliminary structure-activity/toxicity relationship analyses were carried out. Significantly, N-acetamidesecocrebanine (1d), three bromo-substituted products of crebanine (2a, 2b, 2c), N-methylcrebanine (2d), and dehydrostephanine (4a) displayedantiarrhythmic effects in the CHCl3-induced model. Among them, 7.5 mg/kg of 2b was able to significantly reduce the incidence of VF induced by CHCl3 (p<0.05), increase the number of rats that resumed sinus rhythm from arrhythmia, induced by BaCl2 (p<0.01), and the number of rats that maintained sinus rhythm for more than 20 minutes (p<0.01). Therefore, 2b showed remarkably higher antiarrhythmic activity and a lower toxicity (LD50=59.62 mg/kg, mice), simultaneously, indicating that 2b could be considered as a promising candidate in the treatment of arrhythmia. Structural-activity analysis suggested that variationsin antiarrhythmic efficacy and toxicity of aporphines were related to the C-1,C-2-methylenedioxy group on ring A, restricted ring B structural conformation, N-quaternization of ring B, levoduction of 6a in ring C, and the 8-, 9-, 10-methoxy groups on ring D on the skeleton.
California’s Sterilization Survivors: An Estimate and Call for Redress
Authors: Stern Alexandra Minna , Novak Nicole L. , Lira Natalie , O’Connor Kate , Harlow Siobán , Kardia Sharon
Published: November 2016

From 1919 to 1952, approximately 20 000 individuals were sterilized in California’s state institutions on the basis of eugenic laws that sought to control the reproductive capacity of people labeled unfit and defective.

Using data from more than 19 000 sterilization recommendations processed by state institutions over this 33-year period, we provide the most accurate estimate of living sterilization survivors. As of 2016, we estimate that as many as 831 individuals, with an average age of 87.9 years, are alive.

We suggest that California emulate North Carolina and Virginia, states that maintained similar sterilization programs and recently have approved monetary compensation for victims. We discuss the societal obligation for redress of this historical injustice and recommend that California seriously consider reparations and full accountability.
Maternal Age at Childbirth and Parity as Predictors of Longevity Among Women in the United States: The Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Shadyab Aladdin H. , Gass Margery L. S. , Stefanick Marcia L. , Waring Molly E. , Macera Caroline A. , Gallo Linda C. , Shaffer Richard A. , Jain Sonia , LaCroix Andrea Z.
Published: November 2016

Objectives. To examine associations of maternal age at childbirth and parity with survival to age 90 years (longevity).

Methods. We performed a prospective study among a multiethnic cohort of postmenopausal US women in the Women’s Health Initiative recruited from 1993 to 1998 and followed through August 29, 2014. We adjusted associations with longevity for demographic, lifestyle, reproductive, and health-related characteristics.

Results. Among 20 248 women (mean age at baseline, 74.6 years), 10 909 (54%) survived to age 90 years. The odds of longevity were significantly higher in women with later age at first childbirth (adjusted odds ratio = 1.11; 95% confidence interval = 1.02, 1.21 for age 25 years or older vs younger than 25 years; P for trend = .04). Among parous women, the relationship between parity and longevity was significant among White but not Black women. White women with 2 to 4 term pregnancies compared with 1 term pregnancy had higher odds of longevity.

Conclusions. Reproductive events were associated with longevity among women. Future studies are needed to determine whether factors such as socioeconomic status explain associations between reproductive events and longevity.
Creating a Taxonomy of Local Boards of Health Based on Local Health Departments’ Perspectives
Authors: Shah Gulzar H. , Sotnikov Sergey , Leep Carolyn J. , Ye Jiali , Van Wave Timothy W.
Published: November 2016

Objectives. To develop a local board of health (LBoH) classification scheme and empirical definitions to provide a coherent framework for describing variation in the LBoHs.

Methods. This study is based on data from the 2015 Local Board of Health Survey, conducted among a nationally representative sample of local health department administrators, with 394 responses. The classification development consisted of the following steps: (1) theoretically guided initial domain development, (2) mapping of the survey variables to the proposed domains, (3) data reduction using principal component analysis and group consensus, and (4) scale development and testing for internal consistency.

Results. The final classification scheme included 60 items across 6 governance function domains and an additional domain—LBoH characteristics and strengths, such as meeting frequency, composition, and diversity of information sources. Application of this classification strongly supports the premise that LBoHs differ in their performance of governance functions and in other characteristics.

Conclusions. The LBoH taxonomy provides an empirically tested standardized tool for classifying LBoHs from the viewpoint of local health department administrators. Future studies can use this taxonomy to better characterize the impact of LBoHs.
Effectiveness of Local Policy Efforts to Increase the Price of Cheap Cigars in Minnesota
Authors: Brock Betsy , Carlson Samantha C. , Moilanen Molly , Schillo Barbara A.
Published: November 2016

Objectives. To evaluate the effect of novel policies designed to increase cheap cigar prices by setting minimum prices at the local level.

Methods. Between June 2013 and July 2015, we conducted assessments at tobacco retailers in Minnesota cities of Brooklyn Center (n = 26 in sample; n = 18 assessed before and after policy implementation), Saint Paul (n = 25 in sample; n = 14 assessed pre- and postpolicy), and Maplewood (n = 22 in sample; n = 18 assessed pre- and postpolicy), before and after the adoption of policies setting minimum cigar pricing.

Results. After policy implementation across all cities (n = 50), significantly fewer retailers sold single cigars (46% vs 80%; P < .01) and 2- or 3-packs (52% vs 74%; P = .01). In Saint Paul and Maplewood, the average price of the cheapest available single cigars increased significantly by $1.17 (P = .03) and $1.27 (P < .01), respectively; the average price of the cheapest 2-pack increased by $2.46 (P = .02) in Saint Paul and by $3.08 (P < .01) in Maplewood. Policy compliance was high in all cities.

Conclusions. This study highlights the potential of policies setting minimum cigar prices to decrease cigar availability and increase price through nontax approaches. Results indicate that these policies are successful in cities of various sizes.
Systematic Review: A Method at Risk for Being Corrupted
Authors: Bero Lisa
Published: November 2016

The production of systematic reviews is increasing, but their credibility is under threat.

Although systematic reviews are an important tool for policymaking, their influence can be weakened by methodological problems and poor policy relevance.

Using Cochrane as an example, I address standards for systematic reviews, the influence of special interests on these reviews, and ways to increase their relevance for policymakers.
The Relationship Between US Military Officer Leadership Behaviors and Risk of Sexual Assault of Reserve, National Guard, and Active Component Servicewomen in Nondeployed Locations
Authors: Sadler Anne G. , Mengeling Michelle A. , Booth Brenda M. , O’Shea Amy M. J. , Torner James C.
Published: November 2016

Objectives. To determine if military leader behaviors are associated with active component and Reserve–National Guard servicewomen’s risk of sexual assault in the military (SAIM) for nondeployed locations.

Methods. A community sample of 1337 Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom–era Army and Air Force servicewomen completed telephone interviews (March 2010–December 2011) querying sociodemographic and military characteristics, sexual assault histories, and leader behaviors. We created 2 factor scores (commissioned and noncommissioned) to summarize behaviors by officer rank.

Results. A total of 177 servicewomen (13%) experienced SAIM in nondeployed locations. Negative leader behaviors were associated with increased assault risk, at least doubling servicewomen’s odds of SAIM (e.g., noncommissioned officers allowed others in unit to make sexually demeaning comments; odds ratio = 2.7; 95% confidence interval = 1.8, 4.1). Leader behavior frequencies were similar, regardless of service type. Negative leadership behavior risk factors remained significantly associated with SAIM risk even after adjustment for competing risk. Noncommissioned and commissioned officer factor scores were highly correlated (r = 0.849).

Conclusions. The association between leader behaviors and SAIM indicates that US military leaders have a critical role in influencing servicewomen’s risk of and safety from SAIM.
Further Decline of Trans Fatty Acids Levels Among US Adults Between 1999–2000 and 2009–2010
Authors: Restrepo Brandon J.
Published: November 2016

Objectives. To investigate differences in levels of plasma trans fatty acids (TFAs) and a broad set of other markers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the US adult population between 1999-2000 and 2009-2010.

Methods. Using a nationally representative sample of US adults aged 20 years and older from the 1999–2000 and 2009–2010 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, regression models were estimated to compare levels of TFAs and other markers for CVD risk over time.

Results. Significant declines in levels of plasma TFAs and improvements in a variety of other markers for CVD risk were observed in the US adult population.

Conclusions. Between the 2 time points, 1999–2000 and 2009–2010, there were substantial decreases in TFA levels and improvements in several other important cardiovascular health indicators in US adults.
Enhanced Efficiency Nitrogen Products Influence Ammonia Volatilization and Nitrous Oxide Emission from Two Contrasting Soils
Authors: Awale Rakesh , Chatterjee Amitava
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas

Ammonia volatilization and N2O emissions from N‐sources were assessed in two soils.

The N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide reduced NH3volatilization losses from both sandy loam and silty clay soils.

Nitrapyrin and SuperU reduced N2O emissions from sandy loam soil only.

Polymer coated urea was effective in reducing both NH3and N2O emissions from sandy loam soil.

Right N‐source could mitigate gaseous N losses from agroecosystems.

Potentials of enhanced efficiency nitrogen (EEN) products to control N losses can vary with soil pH, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, water, temperature, and management. A laboratory experiment was conducted to quantify and compare ammonia (NH3) volatilization and nitrous oxide (N2O) losses with (i) control, (ii) urea, urea treated with (iii) urease inhibitor, NBPT [N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide], (iv) nitrification inhibitor, nitrapyrin (NP) [2‐chloro‐6‐trichloro methyl pyridine], (v) urea stabilized with NBPT and nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (SuperU), and (vi) slow release N fertilizer polymer coated urea (PCU) amendments from Ulen sandy loam and Fargo silty clay soils. Across N amendments, cumulative NH3–N losses from sandy loam soil ranged from 0.7 to 4.3% of applied N, and were higher than those from silty clay soil (0.1–0.4% of applied N). In sandy loam, compared to urea, NBPT and PCU reduced NH3–N volatilization by 32.3 and 84.2%, respectively, whereas NP and SuperU increased NH3–N losses by 98.7 and 20.3%, respectively. However, in silty clay soil, only NBPT exhibited significant reduction in NH3–N losses of 71.4%, relative to urea. Cumulative N2O emissions did not differ between soil textures and ranged from 3.7 to 7.4% of applied N across N sources. However, soil N2O emissions differed among N sources in sandy loam soil. In sandy loam soil, NP, SuperU, and PCU treatments significantly reduced N2O‐N emissions by 23.5, 43.8, and 51.1%, respectively, compared to urea. Applicability of using EEN products to mitigate NH3and N2O emission losses varies with soil texture.
Navigating the Road to Transplant in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Road Less Taken
Authors: Frost Adaani E. , Farber Harrison W.
Published: November 2016

Dramatic advances in therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in the last 20 years have improved survival from a median of 2.5 years in the pretreatment era to 7.5 years currently. However, impressive as that may seem, it is important to note that a median survival of 7.5 years is equivalent to that of surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer, thus underscoring the importance of lung transplantation as a treatment option in patients with PAH. In this edition of Advances, Edelman has reviewed the pathway to transplantation for patients with PAH, detailing the recommendations for timing of referral, listing for lung transplantation, the role of the lung allocation score in allocating a donor organ, and the outcome of lung transplantation.
Аналіз протеолітичної та фібринолітичної активності плазми крові у хворих на бронхіальну астму, поєднану з ожирінням
Authors: Fediv A.I. Fediv A.I. , Mеlnik E.B.
Published: November 2016

Мета дослідження — провести аналіз стану протеолітичної та фібринолітичної активностей плазми крові у хворих на бронхіальну астму (БА), поєднану з ожирінням. Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 40 хворих, які були розподілені на групи. Основну групу становили 20 хворих на БА в поєднанні з ожирінням (ІІ група), дві групи порівняння — 10 хворих на БА з нормальною масою тіла (І група) та 10 хворих з ожирінням і без патології бронхолегеневої системи (ІІІ група). Контрольну групу становили 10 практично здорових осіб. У хворих на БА досліджували показники протеолітичної та фібринолітичної активностІ плазми крові. Результати. Аналіз отриманих даних у хворих на БА показав зростання активності плазмових факторів згортання крові: cумарна фібринолітична активність зростала порівняно із контрольною групою та становила 1,46 ± 0,13 Е440/мл/год при показниках у практично здорових осіб 1,23 ± 0,16 Е440/мл/год (р < 0,05). Крім того, зростання відзначалося і в групі пацієнтів з ізольованим ожирінням (на 38,5 % порівняно з групою практично здорових осіб), що можна пояснити підвищенням активності запального процесу за рахунок імунних зрушень, пов’язаних із біологічною активністю жирової тканини, як додаткового джерела прозапальних цитокінів. Висновки. При поєднанні бронхіальної астми та ожиріння спостерігається активація фібринолітичної та протеолітичної систем крові, що сприяє виникненню мікроциркуляторних і гемостатичних розладів, посиленню запального процесу. При ожирінні як стані системної запальної відповіді відзначається активація фібринолітичної та протеолітичної систем крові більш виражено, ніж при бронхіальній астмі.
Епідеміологічні аспекти і поширеність чинників ризику цукрового діабету 2-го типу серед мешканців м. Алмати і Алматинської області Республіки Казахстан
Authors: Berkinbaev S.F. , Dzhunusbekov G.A. , Danyarova L.B. , Tashmanova A.B. , Shyman Zh.Zh.
Published: November 2016

Актуальність. Основні чинники ризику розвитку цукрового діабету (ЦД) 2-го типу, такі як ожиріння та малорухомий спосіб життя, є загальними для низки хронічних неінфекційних захворювань. У зв’язку з цим ЦД 2-го типу можна вважати важливою і логічно виправданою початковою точкою для профілактики та контролю такої патології. Мета — вивчення епідеміологічних показників, чинників ризику ЦД 2-го типу на основі одномоментного дослідження населення м. Алмати і Алматинської області Казахстану. Матеріал і методи. Досліджували осіб віком 18–69 років, які мешкають в м. Алмати і Алматинській області. Дослідження було проведене в три етапи: інтерв’ювання респондентів, фізикальні вимірювання та лабораторні дослідження. Результати. Аналіз результатів дослідження за національною ознакою виявив вірогідне переважання ЦД серед росіян (15,35 %) порівняно з казахами (4,9 %, р < 0,01) та іншими азіатськими національностями (10,7 %, р < 0,05). При цьому при порівнянні частоти ЦД серед росіян з особами іншої європейської національності (8,3 %) і українцями (7,1 %) вірогідних відмінностей не виявлено (р > 0,05). Вік виявився істотним чинником ризику в розвитку ЦД 2-го типу, і співвідношення шансів становило 1 : 9 (OR = 9,266), у віковій групі понад 45 років ризик розвитку ЦД 2-го типу збільшується в 9 разів. Аналіз за гендерною ознакою вірогідних відмінностей не виявив, співвідношення шансів становило 1 : 1 (OR = 1,063). Генетична схильність до ЦД належить до групи абсолютного ризику захворюваності, при аналізі анкет виявлено, що 271 респондент вказав на родичів першого ступеня спорідненості, які хворіли на ЦД, при цьому діабет розвинувся в 14,8 % випадків. Інші 1304 особи не мали обтяженої спадковості за ЦД, і діабет серед них відмічався в 5,8 % випадків. Співвідношення шансів становило 1 : 3 (OR = 2,920). При порівнянні модифікованих чинників ризику в групах респондентів із ЦД і без нього виявлені вірогідні відмінності за індексом маси тіла, окружністю талії, артеріальним тиском. Значення усіх показників у осіб із ЦД були вірогідно вищими, ніж у осіб без нього (р < 0,05). За результатами опитування виявлено, що особи із СД порівняно з особами без нього страждають від артеріальної гіпертензії в 2 рази частіше, від ішемічної хвороби серця — більше ніж в 3 рази, інфаркт міокарда трапляється в 6 разів частіше, інсульт — в 4 рази. Виснов­ки. Аналіз чинників ризику розвитку ЦД 2-го типу в популяції підтвердив вплив таких чинників, як раса, вік і спадкова схильність, на поширеність ЦД. Істотний внесок у розвиток хвороби також вносять модифіковані чинники: ожиріння, рівень глікемії та холестерину, супутня серцево-судинна патологія.
Лікування гіпотиреозу згідно із сучасними клінічними настановами
Authors: Pashkovska N.V.
Published: November 2016

У статті наведені найбільш важливі аспекти лікування гіпотиреозу згідно з останніми міжнародними рекомендаціями, розробленими з позицій доказової медицини. Розглянуті підходи до терапії левотироксином у певних категорій хворих залежно від різних клінічних ситуацій, подані сучасні відомості щодо можливості використання альтернативних методів лікування, зазначені перспективні наукові напрямки для оптимізації надання допомоги пацієнтам із цим захворюванням.
Роль ожиріння в прогресуванні діабетичної нефропатії у хворих на цукровий діабет (огляд літератури)
Authors: Аhmedova S.U. , Daminova M.N. , Kadyrova Z.S.
Published: November 2016

Поширеність ожиріння пропорційно підвищується до епідемії та є серйозною проблемою охорони здоров’я в усьому світі. Висока частота зустрічальності ожиріння тісно пов’язана зі збільшенням випадків розвитку хронічних захворювань, таких як цукровий діабет, артеріальна гіпертензія і кардіоваскулярні захворювання. Ожиріння, так само як і цукровий діабет і артеріальна гіпертензія, є провідною причиною хронічного захворювання нирок і термінальної стадії ниркової недостатності. За наявності хоча б одного з цих факторів ризику збільшується загальний ризик розвитку хвороби. Патофізіологія розвитку діабетичної нефропатії та захворювань нирок, пов’язаних з ожирінням, майже ідентична. До того ж вони призводять до розвитку послідовних змін, починаючи зі збільшення швидкості клубочкової фільтрації та внутрішньоклубочкового капілярного тиску і закінчуючи клубочковою гіпертрофією та мікроальбумінурією. Підвищення систолічного артеріального тиску ще більше посилює процес і призводить до прогресування захворювання до протеїнурії, вузлового гломерулосклерозу, тубулоінтерстиціального пошкодження нирок і зниження швидкості клубочкової фільтрації, що веде до розвитку термінальної стадії ниркової недостатності. Біла жирова тканина — не тільки орган зберігання жиру, але й тепер визнається як динамічна тканина, що бере участь у виробництві адипокінів, таких як лептин, адипонектин тощо. Баланс між цими адипокінами дозволяє жировій тканині регулювати апетит, всмоктування їжі, кліренс глюкози, витрачання енергії. Порушення балансу при ожирінні стимулює запальне середовище і призводить до інсулінорезистентності. Захворювання нирок, асоційоване з ожирінням, пов’язане з розладами гемодинаміки в нирках, дисфункцією ендотелію та подоцитів, пошкодженням базальної мембрани гломерул, мезангіальною експансією, тубулярною атрофією, інтерстиціальним фіброзом і прогресуючим зниженням функції нирок (збільшення альбумінурії та зниження клубочкової фільтрації), що веде до розвитку термінальної стадії ниркової недостатності. Проте до кінця не зрозумілі механізми, за допомогою яких ожиріння самостійно або спільно з цукровим діабетом 2-го типу і артеріальною гіпертензією сприяє розвитку і/або прогресуванню хронічної хвороби нирок і термінальної стадії ниркової недостатності.
Diversity of Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Genes in the AnticancerProducing Actinomycetes Isolated from Marine Sediment in Indonesia
Authors: Herdini Camelia , Hartanto Shinta , Mubarika Sofia , Hariwiyanto Bambang , Wijayanti Nastiti , Hosoyama Akira , Yamazoe Atsushi , Nojiri Hideaki , Widada Jaka
Published: November 2016

Marine actinomycetes is a group of bacteria that is highly potential in producing novel bioactivecompound. It has unique characteristics and is different from other terrestrial ones. Extreme environmentalcondition is suspected to lead marine actinomycetes produce different types of bioactive compoundfound previously. The aim of this study was to explore the presence and diversity of NRPS genes in 14anticancer-producing actinomycetes isolated from marine sediment in Indonesia. PCR amplificationand restriction fragment analysis of NRPS genes with HaeIII from 14 marine actinomycetes were doneto assess the diversity of NRPS genes. Genome mining of one species of marine actinomycetes (strainGMY01) also was employed towards this goal. The result showed that NRPS gene sequence diversity in 14marine actinomycetes could be divided into 4 groups based on NRPS gene restriction patterns. Analysisof 16S rRNA gene sequences of representatives from each group showed that all isolates belong to genusof Streptomyces. Genome mining result showed that strain GMY01 harboring 10 different NRPS geneclusters that encode secondary metabolites, as pure NRPS or hybrid between NRPS and other compounds.These results indicated that marine actinomycetes having a high potential to be developed as source ofanticancer drugs development.
Partial Purifi cation, Stability Analysis, and Preservation of Xylanase from Xylanolytic Alkalophylic Bacteria
Authors: Hanim Chusnul , Cahyanto Muhamad Nur , Yusiati Lies Mira , Wibowo Ali
Published: November 2016

A xylanase, which produces xylose from oat spelt xylans, was isolated from the culture medium of  xylanolytic alkalophylic bacteria mutant. The enzyme was purifi ed by ammonium sulphate with level 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90%. The purify of the fi nal preparation was demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulphatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular masses of the purifi ed xylanase were 137.61 and 165.34 kDa. Result of ammonium sulphate saturation with the highest activity was used as standart for saturation for enzyme production and preservation, using corn, tapioca, soy bean meal and gaplek fl our as carriers. Addition of 60% ammonium sulphate showed the highest xylanase activity (62.03 U/g), and produced 89.40% enzyme recovery. Tapioca, as a carrier, produced the highest xylanase activity. Key words: preservation, purifi cation, stability analysis, xylanase.
A Novel Variant of HOXA10 gene, Ser19Cys, among Patients with Endometriosis and its Relationship with the Severity of the Disease
Authors: Hutajulu Pinda , Dasuki Djaswadi , Sadewa Ahmad Hamim , Utoro Totok
Published: November 2016

Endometriosis is a gynecological disease associated with inherited genetic traits. HOXA10 gene whichis expressed in uterine plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The protein affects thedevelopment of pinopodes as a biomarker of endometrial receptivity in endometriosis.The aim of this study isto examine if there is a mutation or polymorphism within HOXA10 gene among patients with endometriosis.Thirty twopatients and 32 healthy women were recruited as subjects of this study. The exon 2 of HOXA10which covers most of coding region was amplifi ed using PCR. The presence of a mutation or polymorphismwas detected by direct seguencing. The distribution of genotype and allele was analyzed using Chi square test with p<0.05 is considered as signifi cantly different. A novel heterozygous variant within exon 2 of HOXA10 which substitute an adenine into thymine was detected at base position 55. This missense alteration changed amino acid serine to cystein (Ser19Cys). Interestingly, this variant was detected in 12 endometriosis cases (38%) but none in control. Patients carry HOXA10 Ser19Cys variant were associated with dismenorea and more frequent in stage I endometriosis. The role of this variant in the function of HOXA10 protein and frequency among Indonesians need to be clarifi ed. We found a novel heterozygous HOXA10 gene variant, Ser19Cys.The genotype frequency is 38% among endometriosis patients but none in control. This variant found in patient with dismenore and endometriosis stage 1. Key words: HOXA10 gene, endometriosis, Ser19Cys polymophism
Improvement of Seed Orchard Management Based on Mating System of Cajuputi Trees
Authors: Kartikawati Noor Khomsah , Naiem Mohammad , Hardiyanto Eko Bhakti , Rimbawanto Anto
Published: November 2016

Breeding plan of cajuputi in Indonesia is aimed to increase plantation productivity of oil yield and 1.8 cineole content. Seed orchard of cajuputi at Paliyan, Gunungkidul, established using selected and genetically improved materials, has been producing seeds for operational plantation. This seed orchard would perform optimally if the mating systems of all individuals contribute to the inheritance of all genetic potential of the offsprings. Therefore, investigation of the mating systems of cajuputi was indispensible. The study has been carried out on 10 selected mother trees and the 24 offsprings of each mother trees using 8 microsatellite markers of nuclear DNA, namely Hin-2 (100-132 bp), Hin-4 (79-114 bp), Hin-5 (128-148 bp), Hin-7 (136-224 bp), Sal-1 (93-99 bp), Sal-3 (118-219 bp), Xho-1 (96-111 bp) and Xho-4 (150-216 bp), respectively. The result showed relatively high genetic variation of the offspring (HE=0.602, HO=0.594) originated from parent trees in the seed orchard. Parent trees tend to outcross(tm=0.951, ts=0.806), although seeds originated from biparental inbred (tm – ts = 0.145) and correlated paternity(rp=0.098) have also been observed. This genetically viable population could maintain its reproduction fi tness forshort term and adapt to the dynamic environmental changes for long term. Key words: mating system, cajuputi, seed orchard, microsatellite
The Development of Pathogenicity of Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Indonesia
Authors: Wibowo Michael Haryadi , Srihanto Agus Eko , Putri Khrisdiana , Asmara Widya , Tabbu Charles Rangga
Published: November 2016

Highly pathogenic avian infl uenza outbreak in Indonesia has been reported in various poultry due toH5N1 subtype. The presence of multiple basic amino acids within the cleavage site of HA glycoprotein hasbeen identifi ed to be associated with the pathogenicity of avian infl uenza virus. The study was retrospectivestudy which was designed to characterize the cleavage site and fusion site region of haemagglutinin gene ofAIV isolated from various poultry in 2003 to 2013. Isolation, Identifi cation and propagation were carried outto collect viral stock. For virus detection, reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) method on H5 and N1 genefragment was performed. All of RT-PCR HA gene positive products were sequenced for further nucleotideanalysis and to determine the nucleotide composition at the targeted fragment. The results are all AIV isolateswere identifi ed as H5N1 subtype. The sequence analyses revealed some motives of basic amino acid motivethat were classifi ed as highly pathogenic avian infl uenza virus. Further analyses on fusion domain of all AIVisolated during the period 2003 to 2013 showed conserved amino acid. Keywords: avian infl uenza, haemagglutinin, cleavage site, basic amino acid, fusion site
Purifi cation and Characterization of Protease From Bacillus sp. TBRSN- 1
Authors: Margino Sebastian , Jumi'ati J. , Ngadiman N.
Published: November 2016

Potato Cyst Nematode (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis, is one of the important potato’s pests and causedeconomic looses up to 70% in the several centrals of potato plantations in Indonesia. PCN’s shell componentof egg shell containing chitin (inner layer) and viteline/ protein (outer layer). The purpose of this researchwas to purify of protease Bacillus sp. TBRSN-1, isolate from tomato’s rhizosfer in Yogyakarta province. Thepurifi ed protease could be used for cutting the life cycle of PCN. Results showed that Bacillus sp. TBRSN-1could produce extracellular protease and purifi cation using DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatographyand Sephacryl S-300 gel fi ltration chromatography resulted in specifi c activity 4.31 fold and 1.68% recovery.Analysing using SDS-PAGE 12.5% and molecular weight 48.1 kDa. Km and Vmax values of the protease forcasein substrate were 7.83 mg/ml and 4.03 μg/h, respectively. The optimum activity at the temperature30oC and pH 7.0. Keywords : protease, purifi cation, indigenous Bacillus sp. TBRSN-1
Somatic embryogenesis of Sandalwood (Santalum album L.)
Authors: Herawan Toni , Na'iem Mohammad , Indrioko Sapto , Indrianto Ari
Published: November 2016

Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is native species of Indonesia, especially in East Nusa Tenggara, is oneof the twenty two species of the genus Santalum in the world. Sandalwood is an important tree because it hashigh economic value can produce sandal oil these can be used for perfumes, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, andare often used in religious ceremonies. In vitro particularly somatic embryogenesis has been widely appliedin the propagation of sandalwood. The Objective of this research is to obtain regeneration of sandalwoodthrough somatic embryogenesis using leaves explant from various clones. Medium for embryo induction is MS(Murashige and Skoog, 1962) solid medium containing treatment of 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)at various concentrations. To the media 0,15 mg /l kinetin, 40 g/l sucrose, and 2,5 g/l gelrite were added.Culture were incubated in the dark. Medium for Embryo development (maturation) is MS solid mediumcontaining treatment of BAP (Benzyl-amino-purine) at various concentrations. To the media 0,01 mg /l NAA(Napthalene-acetic-acid), 40 g/l sucrose, and 2,5 g/l gelrite were added. Culture were incubated in the light. Tostudy the specifi c structure of sandalwood somatic embryo early detection was conducted using histologicalanalysis. Results of anova showed that the clones, media, and interaction between clones with media did notsignifi cantly affect the development of sandalwood callus percentage. Results of anova showed that the clonesand BAP concentration signifi cantly effect to the embryo development of sandalwood.
Stem cells for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury
Authors: Carroll J.
Published: November 2016

Many types of adult stem cells have been used in pre-clinical situations to treat experimental hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury in neonatal animals. Numerous laboratory reports have appeared in the literature indicating that this treatment is beneficial, and the route of cell administration does not appear to be critical. The success of treatment occurs with administration soon after the injury, and this early administration of the cells proximate to the time of injury appears to be decisive. The mechanism of benefit relates to preservation of intrinsic neurons at the site of injury rather than cell replacement by the administered cells. There are few clinical studies, and most positive reports are either from uncontrolled studies or anecdotal. Given the preclinical success with treatment, well-thought-out clinical studies need to be initiated in acutely brain injured neonates.
Isolation of nucleated cells fraction from umbilical cord blood – choice of method
Authors: Ivolgin D. , Smolyaninov A.
Published: November 2016

The comparison of different techniques for cord blood processing to ensure the highest cell yield based on the “cost-effectiveness” ratio is important.A study of the effectiveness of nucleated cells fraction isolation from umbilical cord blood samples (n = 2898) using double centrifugation, automatic (Sepax S100, Biosafe) or semi-automatic (MacoPress Smart, MacoPharma) system was performed. These include the determining of nucleated cells number (per ml and total), the number of CD34+ cells, and cell viability before samples treatment, after treatment and before freezing.It was shown that semi-automatic and automatic processing methods were more efficient then the double centrifugation by key quality indicators of cell concentrates: the total number of nucleated cells and nucleated cells output. The semi-automatic method of nucleated cells fraction isolation requires the least time for processing a single sample.Considering these data such a system has been proposed as optimal for daily receipt and processing of cord blood samples in a cord blood bank.
Organ transplantation service in Ukraine — development problems and ways of overcoming
Authors: Nikonenko O. , Salyutin R. , Komarov M. , Palyanitsa S.
Published: November 2016

This review describes the present day state of organ and cell transplantation services in Ukraine. Established have been the main challenges of their development and ways of overcoming. The creation of the National Agency on the transplantation and donation would give an opportunity to determine a single structure responsible for the development of all directions of transplantation service and would allow provide functioning of public health care and research institutions extremely necessary for institute of transplantation coordinators. Some kinds of activity need updating and elaboration of new normative documents. It is only clear-cut regulations and control over activities of organ transplantation that would prevent possible legal infringements in this sphere, thus allowing medical professionals in the field of organ transplantation service in Ukraine work on good international standards.
Scientific-organizational aspects for developing an inventory of the donors of umbilical cord blood with CCR5 delta32/delta32 genotype for HIV infection treatment
Authors: Pirozhkov I. , Smolyaninov A. , Chechetkin A. , Ivolgin D.
Published: November 2016

Projections of the using umbilical cord blood for HIV infection cure consist in the transplantation of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells from the donors of homozygous CCR5 delta32 mutation carriers.This work presents the results of screening evaluation of umbilical cord blood samples from the donors, included in the public registry of the Pokrovsky stem cells bank, for identification of the homozygous CCR5 delta32 polymorphism carriers and their following HLA typing to see the perspectives for creating a public registry of CCR5 delta32/ CCR5 delta32 donors of the umbilical cord blood for treatment of HIV-infected patients. Total 2860 umbilical cord blood samples were examined from which 29 samples with CCR5 delta32 / CCR5 delta32 genotype were selected.High frequency of the HLA alleles most prevalent in the North-West region of the Russian Federation has been found in the donors of umbilical cord blood with wild CCR5 gene and among CCR5 delta32/delta32 donors.
Review of the 3rd IPLASS meeting: toward clinical applications of placental and endometrial stem cells
Authors: Lobyntseva G.
Published: November 2016

From 10 to 12 September the 3rd IPLASS Meeting: toward clinical application of endometrial and placental stem cells took place in Granada (Spain). The organizer of the symposium was the International Placenta Stem Cell Society (IPLASS) headed by President Dr. Ornella Parolini (Italy). There were presented 29 oral reports and 25 poster presentations. Scientific and clinical institutions in Italy, United States, Australia, Austria, Netherlands, Sweden, Israel, India, Portugal, Spain, France, Argentina, Brazil, Japan, China, Chile, and Germany are engaged in research of characteristics of stem cells derived from the placenta. Scientists from Ukraine (Institute of Cell Therapy, Kyiv) presented three reports, which scientific value was awarded with a diploma and a prize.
Placental stem cells: biological characteristics and approaches to clinical application
Authors: Nasadyuk C.
Published: November 2016

Literary data gives evidence that placenta is a rich source of stem cells that phenotypically correspond to human mesenchymal stem cells. The possibility of osteogenic and hepatogenic differentiation of placental mesenchymal stem cells was reported as well as their transformation into cardiomyocytes, adipocytes was shown. It was established that mesenchymal stem cells of placenta have the highest potential of osteogenic differentiation compared to the stem cells from other sources. The advantages of placental stem cells towards clinical application are ethical feasibility and non-invasive collection, high proliferative potential and immunomodulatory properties.
Tribologie – 50 Jahre interdisziplinäre Reibungs- und Verschleißforschung
Authors: Czichos Horst
Published: November 2016

Kurzfassung

Anlässlich ihres 50-jährigen Bestehens wird die Tribologie – die Wissenschaft und Technik von Wirkflächen in Relativbewegung – in einer Übersicht dargestellt. Bei ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Anwendungen haben tribologische Systeme, die durch die Wirkflächen charakterisiert werden, einen dualen Charakter. Sie sind einerseits notwendig, um technische Aufgaben zu erfüllen, aber auf der anderen Seite sind sie zwangsläufig mit Reibungs- und Verschleißprozessen verbunden, die zu reibungsbedingtem Energieverlust und verschleißbedingter Materialdegradation führen können. Im vorliegenden Übersichtsbeitrag werden die Grundlagen von Reibung und Verschleiß von der Nano- bis zur Makroebene betrachtet und es werden die Basisparameter zur Modellierung tribologischer Systeme im Laborversuch beschrieben. Da tribologische Prozesse zu Fehlzuständen (fault) und Ausfällen (failure) führen können und damit die Funktionssicherheit und die Strukturintegrität negativ beeinflussen können, werden die Prinzipien der technischen Zuverlässigkeit und der Zustandsüberwachung ebenfalls kurz dargestellt.
Time dependent hardness and residual stress reduction in a shot-peened aluminum alloy 2024-T351
Authors: Zaroog Omar Suliman , Isa Mohd Rashdan , Mohd Mohni Muhammad Zulhimi Bin
Published: November 2016

In common engineering practice, the shot-peened aluminum alloy 2024-T351 is often subjected to loading. After time passes, the residual stress induced by shot peening might relax leading to respective metal cracking and failure. For this study, samples were stored for two years and a comparison of the hardness and microstructure before and after two years storage was carreid out. The primary aim of this study was to determine the effect of time on hardness and microstructure of shot-peened sample, thus to calculate the residual stress relaxation depending on time parameter. The results showed that the hardness and the residual stress of the material reduced after two years. The average reduction of the hardness is 20 % and the residual stress reduction ranged at 47 %
Comparison of electrical energy consumption for different material processing procedures
Authors: Gokozan Hayrettin , Tastan Mehmet , Taskin Sezai , Cavdar Pınar Sarı , Cavdar Ugur
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate the electrical energy consumption for different material processing methods. In these experiments, ferrous powder metals, bulk iron and bulk graphite materials are used. These different materials are heated, sintered and welded by using processes of ultra-high frequency induction heating (UHFIH), ultra-high frequency induction heating sintering (UHFIHS) and ultra-high frequency induction heating welding (UHFIHW), respectively. For all experiments, 2.8 kW, 900 kHz ultra-high frequency induction heating system is used. The experiments are conducted by LabVIEWTM based measurement and control system. Finally, all data are analyzed to show the energy efficiency of each process.
The effect of high Al content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-xAl alloys processed by equal channel angular pressing
Authors: Wang Zhiwen , Wang Hongxia , Wang Wanhua , Ren Guangxiao , Nie Kaibo , Liu Yiming , Liang Wei
Published: November 2016

In this work, Mg-xAl alloys with an Al content ranging from 10 to 20 wt.% were subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). The effects of the high Al content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy before and after ECAP were investigated by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and tensile testing. The results demonstrated that as the amount of Al in the as-cast Mg-xAl alloys increased, the grain size of the as-cast Mg-xAl alloys decreased, whereas the amount of the Mg17Al12 phase with network structure increased. After ECAP, the network β-Mg17Al12 phase was significantly broken into fine pieces. The fine β-Mg17Al12 granules were precipitated from the α-Mg matrix. The broken β-Mg17Al12 phase in the Mg-15Al alloy exhibited a relatively homogeneous distribution. As the Al content increased, the grain size in the α-Mg-rich area decreased. However, the β-Mg17Al12 size in the α+β two-phase area of the ECAPed Mg-15Al alloy was the smallest among the three alloys. The yield strength of the Mg-xAl alloys increased, whereas the elongation to fracture significantly decreased.