bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A label-free colorimetric aptasensor for rapid multiplex detection of leuco-malachite green and leuco-crystal violet
Authors: Zhang Runze , Liu Kexin , Jia Fangran , Xu Tianci , Yang Yongjie
Published: December 2024

Screening of the bispecific aptamer A5b and developing a label-free colorimetric aptasensor for rapid multiplex detection of leuco-malachite green and leuco-crystal violet.
Exploring the metabolic potential of Aeromonas to utilise the carbohydrate polymer chitin
Authors: Tugui Claudia G. , Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Hijnen Wim , Wunderer Julia , Bout Kaatje , van Loosdrecht Mark C. M. , Pabst Martin
Published: December 2024

Secretome proteomics reveals metabolic networks of Aeromonas strains for utilizing chitin as the sole nutrient source.
N-Heterocycle-coordinated λ5-iodanes as IBX alternatives for alcohol oxidations
Authors: Antonkin Nikita S. , Vlasenko Yulia A. , Puylaert Pim , Nachtsheim Boris J. , Postnikov Pavel S.
Published: December 2024

The novel thermally stable and reactive N-heterocycle-coordinated (pseudo)cyclic λ5-iodanes and the corresponding X-ray structures with confirmed N⋯I interaction are reported.
Oxidative stress via UVC irradiation on the structural rearrangement of hen egg white lysozyme
Authors: Brahma Debdip , Gupta Amar Nath
Published: December 2024

Oxidative stress is a physiological condition where oxygen radicals are responsible for the conformational restructuring and loss of functionality of important biomacromolecules.
Fluorescent zinc(ii) thione and selone complexes for light-emitting applications
Authors: Mandal Suman , Lahkar Bikash , Muduli Gopendra , Rawat Arushi , Sahu Abhilash , Tsutsumi Osamu , Prabusankar Ganesan
Published: December 2024

The blue light-emitting fluorescent zinc(ii) chalcogenone complexes were synthesized and characterized to demonstrate their potential for light-emitting applications.
Correction: Metallomesogens based on platinum(ii) complexes: synthesis, luminescence and polarized emission
Authors: Wang Yafei , Liu Yu , Luo Jian , Qi Hongrui , Li Xiaoshuang , Nin Meijun , Liu Ming , Shi Danyan , Zhu Weiguo , Cao Yong
Published: December 2024

Correction for ‘Metallomesogens based on platinum(ii) complexes: synthesis, luminescence and polarized emission’ by Yafei Wang et al., Dalton Trans., 2011, 40, 5046–5051, https://doi.org/10.1039/C0DT01515F.
Self-assembly-assisted dynamic placement of noble metals selectively on multifunctional carbide supports for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis
Authors: Kim Seongbeen , Shin Seung-Jae , Kim Hoyoung , Kim Bupmo , Noh Namgyu , Lee Kug-Seung , Park Jinkyu , Jun Hyunwoo , Kim Jiwon , Byeon Jaeho , Lee Seonggyu , Huang Huawei , Noh Sunghyun , Jeong Han Beom , Jang Jong Hyun , Yuk Jong Min , Kim Wooyul , Kim Hyungjun , Lee Jinwoo
Published: December 2024

Samples obtained via self-assembly-assisted dynamic placement exhibited outstanding mass activity among state-of-the-art AEMWE electrocatalysts.
The interplay between snow and polluted air masses in cold urban environments
Authors: Kuhn Jonas , Stutz Jochen , Bartels-Rausch Thorsten , Thomas Jennie Lane , Cesler-Maloney Meeta , Simpson William , Dibb Jack E. , Heinlein Laura M. D. , Anastasio Cort
Published: December 2024

The role of persistent snow covers in winter-time urban air pollution chemistry remains largely unexplored. The interaction of chemistry and transport processes are complex and the physicochemical structure of snow...
A low-energy consuming, optically and electrically stimulated artificial synapse based on lead-free metal halide perovskite (Cs3Cu2I5) for neuromorphic applications
Authors: Mishra Amrita Bharati , Shete Mrunal , Thamankar R.
Published: December 2024

Lead-free metal halide perovskite (Cs3Cu2I5) nanoparticle based artificial synapse for neuromorphic applications.
Oxygen evolution activity of nickel-based phosphates and effects of their electronic orbitals
Authors: Sugawara Yuuki , Nakase Yuto , Anilkumar Gopinathan M , Kamata Keigo , Yamaguchi Takeo
Published: December 2024

This study reports nickel-based phosphate nanoparticles as outstanding electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction and uncovers main factors determining their activities.
Enhancing the tribopositive characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-carbon composites by optimizing the PVA-carbon interaction with various carbon fillers
Authors: Cheong Jian Ye , Koay Jason Soon Chye , Gopal Sanjeev Raj , Velayutham Thamil Selvi , Gan Wee Chen
Published: December 2024

Carbon-based fillers in PVA reduce the hydrogen bonding and frees up –OH groups, enhancing its tribopositivity.
Determination of absolute intramolecular distances in proteins using anomalous X-ray scattering interferometry
Authors: Stubhan Samuel , Baptist Anna V. , Körösy Caroline , Narducci Alessandra , Moya Muñoz Gustavo Gabriel , Wendler Nicolas , Lak Aidin , Sztucki Michael , Cordes Thorben , Lipfert Jan
Published: December 2024

We establish high-resolution (<1 Å) intramolecular distance measurements in proteins using pairs of small (1.4 nm diameter) gold nanoparticle labels and anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering as a read out.
Enhanced two-photon absorption in hydrothermally synthesized La2O6Te nanorods for visible light photodetection
Authors: Kumar Prabhukrupa Chinmay , Supriya Swikruti , Mohapatra Ashutosh , Chinnaiyah Sripan , Naik Ramakanta
Published: December 2024

LOT nanorods are successfully prepared via a hydrothermal method. These LOT materials show good photodetection and NLO properties, which make them a strong contender in the field of optoelectronic devices and applications.
Amphiphilic palladium NHC-complexes with chelating bis-NHC ligands based on imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid: synthesis and catalysis in water
Authors: Radaev Dmitriy D. , Duglav Daria P. , Pushkareva Elizaveta A. , Fedoseeva Angelina A. , Sultanova Elza D. , Khannanov Artur A. , Evtugyn Vladimir G. , Solovieva Svetlana E. , Burilov Vladimir A. , Antipin Igor S.
Published: December 2024

New amphiphilic bis-NHC complexes of palladium(ii) based on imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid ester for green catalysis are presented.
Nickel-catalyzed reductive difunctionalization of BN-heterocyclic olefins
Authors: Li Chaokun , Yu Kui , Yang Kai , Song Qiuling
Published: December 2024

Herein, a nickel-catalyzed reductive difunctionalization of BN-heterocyclic alkenes has been developed. A variety of BN heterocycles were synthesized utilizing the specific characteristics of selected difunctionalization reactions.
Study on the discoloration phenomenon caused by iron ion oxidation in Boston ivy pads and its effect on adhesion force
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Yida , Li Zili , Xu Xiaobin , Xu Quan
Published: December 2024

We discovered a phenomenon of oxidation and discoloration in Boston ivy pads. The transition from Fe2+ to Fe3+ in the pad caused the oxidation discoloration reaction and reduced the adhesion of the pad.
Decomplexation of Pb-EDTA by electron beam irradiation technology: efficiency and mechanism
Authors: Tu Mengxin , Chen Lei , Gu Jianzhong , Mao Chengkai , Ren Yingfei , Wang Hongyong , Xu Gang
Published: December 2024

By utilizing electron beam irradiation, one-step decomplexation and reduction of Pb-EDTA can be achieved. This research provides new guidance for the harmless treatment of heavy metal complexes.
Ferrite-doped rare-earth nanoparticles for enhanced β-phase formation in electroactive PVDF nanocomposites
Authors: Bahloul Chaymae , Ez-Zahraoui Siham , Eddiai Adil , Cherkaoui Omar , Mazraoui M'hammed , Semlali Fatima-Zahra , El Achaby Mounir
Published: December 2024

Development of ferrite-doped rare-earth nanoparticles for enhanced β-phase formation in electroactive PVDF nanocomposites.
Study on the mechanism of grain size and residual stress coupling distribution on the intergranular corrosion susceptibility of AZ31B magnesium alloy
Authors: Li Xiangyu , Ma Baoji , Liu Bin , Li Liangliang , Cao Jinkui , Xu Chaopeng
Published: December 2024

Dynamic evolution model of intergranular corrosion of AZ31B magnesium alloy.
Biochar made from Luffa cylindrica and applied as a bifunctional electrocatalyst in Zn–air batteries
Authors: Tsoukala Natalia , Papadopoulos Antonios-Alkinoos , Premeti Vasiliki , Bikogiannakis Alexandros K. , Martino Eftychia , Amoiridis Angelos , Kordouli Eleana , Govatsi Katerina , Manariotis Ioannis D. , Kyriakou Georgios , Keramidas Anastasios , Mantzavinos Dionissios , Lianos Panagiotis
Published: December 2024

Biochar has been prepared by pyrolysis of Luffa cylindrica (the vegetable sponge produced by Luffa aegiptiaca) and activated by mixing the pyrolyzed powder with KOH and pyrolyzed again.
Silica nanocontainers with rhodamine B acylhydrazone for early fluorescent detection of steel corrosion
Authors: Mal'tanova Anna , Bel'ko Nikita , Kulahava Tatsiana , Samtsov Michael , Poznyak Sergey
Published: December 2024

Rhodamine B acylhydrazone is encapsulated in silica nanocontainers to prepare eco-friendly, water-based coatings for early fluorescent detection of steel corrosion.
Root-inspired grafting of wood surfaces with hyperbranched polymers for enhanced interfacial adhesion with impregnated decorative paper
Authors: Li Hui , Liu Ru , Li Xinyu , Xu Kun , Cao Jinzhen
Published: December 2024

A root-like waterborne hyperbranched polymer, synthesized from diethylenetriamine (DETA) and methyl acrylate (MA) monomers, was inspired by the effect of solidifying soil with tree roots.
Revised method for preparation of simulated body fluid for assessment of the apatite-forming ability of bioactive materials: proposal of mixing two stock solutions
Authors: Dong Wanyu , Matsukawa Yuko , Long Yanglifu , Hayashi Yoshinao , Nakamura Jin , Suzuki Kazumasa , Ohtsuki Chikara
Published: December 2024

Modified acellular solutions are prepared using the liquid–liquid mixing method, with the same nominal ion concentrations as conventional simulated body fluids detailed in ISO 23317.
Paper strips loaded with ultrathin gold nanowires: catalytic activity and stability in the p-nitrophenol reduction
Authors: Alvarez Cerimedo María S. , Doumic Lucila I. , Hoppe Cristina E. , Ayude María A.
Published: December 2024

Ultrathin AuNWs on filter paper exhibit robust and stable catalytic activity for p-NP reduction over 20 cycles, with performance remaining strong even after harsh pre-treatments.
Ultrasound-assisted condensation cyclization reaction: fast synthesis of quinazolinones from o-aminobenzamides and aldehydes under ambient conditions
Authors: Chen Xuerou , Li Siqi , Sun Shilong , Sun Wuji
Published: December 2024

Ultrasound irradiation has emerged as a novel and powerful operational approach for the fast synthesis of quinazolinones. The approach was successfully applied under ambient temperature and pressure conditions without the need for a metal catalyst.
Chemical waves in reaction-diffusion networks of small organic molecules
Authors: Paikar Arpita , Li Xiuxiu , Avram Liat , Smith Barbara S. , Sütő István , Horváth Dezső , Rennert Elisabeth , Qiu Yuqing , Tóth Ágota , Vaikuntanathan Suriyanarayanan , Semenov Sergey N.
Published: December 2024

We obtained chemical waves in a reaction-diffusion network of small organic molecules based on thiols. The properties of these waves can be adjusted by altering the reactor's geometry or modifying the structures of the participating molecules.
Switchable modes of azulene-based single molecule–electrode coupling controlled by interfacial charge distribution
Authors: Zhang Chengyang , Kong Yaqi , Xiang Junjun , Chen Sikang , Kornyshev Alexei. A. , Ulstrup Jens , Gao Xike , Zhang Guangping , Li Yueqi , Li Jinghong
Published: December 2024

The coupling modes between azulene-based single molecule and electrode can be switched by the ion distribution in the electrochemical electric double layer.
Separating triplet exciton diffusion from triplet–triplet annihilation by the introduction of a mediator
Authors: Carrod Andrew J. , Berghuis Anton M. , Gopalakrishnan Vishnu Nair , Monkman Andrew , Danos Andrew , Börjesson Karl
Published: December 2024

The functions of triplet diffusion and annihilation are seperated into two different molecules by using triplet triplet annihilation between two diffrenet molecular species, allowing for photon upconversion at low annihilator concentrations.
Benzobisthiazole covalent organic framework photocatalysis for selective oxidation of benzyl amines
Authors: Zhu Shengquan , Zhao Hongxiang , Wang Yuexin , Li Zheng , Zhang Siyu , Zeng Bing , Zhou Xue , Gu Xiang-Kui , Lang Xianjun
Published: December 2024

BBT-sp2c-COF photocatalysis effectively effectuates selective oxidation of benzyl amines to imines with oxygen under blue light irradiation.
Influence of the glycocalyx on the size and mechanical properties of plasma membrane-derived vesicles
Authors: Jani Purvil , Colville Marshall J. , Park Sangwoo , Ha Youlim , Paszek Matthew J. , Abbott Nicholas L.
Published: December 2024

Mucin-decorated plasma membrane-derived vesicles are characterized before and after dispersing them in aqueous liquid crystals to reveal the influence of mucin density on vesicle size and membrane mechanical properties.
A straightforward, efficient, and environmentally friendly lithium storage tactic: solventless fabrication of N/S co-doped SiOx/C with carbon encapsulation
Authors: Zhang Haohui , Wang Zhiyuan , Si Kaize , Sun Xinxin , Zong Jianing , Wang Xiaomei , Zhang Xu
Published: December 2024

A large body of research shows that reducing the particle size and applying carbon coatings can enhance the electrochemical performance of SiOx-based anodes considerably.
Conjugated polyelectrolyte with a backbone integrated by benzene and fluorene for mimicking neural synapses and associative learning
Authors: Liu Jiaxuan , Wang Kexin , Zhao Kejia , Chen Qian , He Haidong , Wang Xinzhu , Chen Yu
Published: December 2024

A novel POF-NMI+Br− is synthesized. The as-fabricated Al/POF-NMI+Br−/ITO device has been used to successfully emulate neural synapses and associative learning toward improving an individual's adaptability.
A review of proton exchange membranes modified with inorganic nanomaterials for fuel cells
Authors: Asghar Muhammad Rehman , Zhang Weiqi , Su Huaneng , Zhang Junliang , Liu Huiyuan , Xing Lei , Yan Xiaohui , Xu Qian
Published: December 2024

This review gives an overview of the application of inorganic nanoparticles in the proton exchange membrane (PEM) of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).
Pattern speed evolution of barred galaxies in TNG50
Authors: Semczuk Marcin , Dehnen Walter , Schönrich Ralph , Athanassoula E.
Published: December 2024

Context. Galactic bars are found in the majority of disc galaxies. They rotate nearly rigidly with an angular frequency called pattern speed. In idealised simulations, the bar pattern speed generally decreases with time due to dynamical friction exerted by the dark-matter halo, while cold gas can reduce or even reverse this trend.

Aims. We want to understand how different galaxy properties affect the evolution of the bar pattern speed in more realistic situations, including ongoing star formation, mass infall, active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback, and galaxy interactions.

Methods. We traced the pattern-speed evolution of simulated bars in the TNG50-1 cosmological simulations.

Results. Simulated bars with an initially high pattern speed and a subsequent rapid slowdown are more likely found in more massive galaxies. Lower mass galaxies, on the other hand, preferentially host bars that start at relatively low pattern speeds and retain the same value until the end of the simulation. More massive simulated barred galaxies are also more affected by the AGN-feedback model, which very efficiently removes the cold gas that could have prevented the slowdown.

Conclusions. We find that bars grow and strengthen with slowdown, in agreement with higher resolution simulations. We find that strong correlations between the bar slowdown rate and galaxy mass weaken considerably when we use dimensionless measures to quantify the slowdown. In TNG50, the AGN-feedback prescription amplifies the mass dependence. Turned around, this provides an interesting statistic to constrain sub-grid physics by bar growth and slowdown.
Mutual neutralization of C60+ and C60− ions
Authors: Gatchell Michael , Paul Raka , Ji MingChao , Rosén Stefan , Thomas Richard D. , Cederquist Henrik , Schmidt Henning T. , Larson Åsa , Zettergren Henning
Published: December 2024

Context. Mutual neutralization (MN) between cations and anions plays an important role in determining the charge balance in certain astrophysical environments. However, empirical data for such reactions involving complex molecular species have been lacking due to challenges in performing experimental studies, leaving the astronomical community to rely on decades-old models with large uncertainties for describing these processes in the interstellar medium.

Aims. Our aim is to investigate the MN reaction C60+ + C60− → C60* + C60 for collisions at interstellar-like conditions.

Methods. We studied the MN reaction between C60+ and C60− at collision energies of 100 meV using the Double ElectroStatic Ion Ring ExpEriment (DESIREE) and its merged beam capabilities. To aid in the interpretation of the experimental results, semiclassical modeling based on the Landau-Zener approach was performed for the studied reaction.

Results. We experimentally identified a narrow range of kinetic energies for the neutral reaction products. Modeling was used to calculate the quantum state-selective reaction probabilities, absolute cross sections, and rate coefficients of these MN reactions, using the experimental results as a benchmark. We compared the MN cross sections with model results for electron attachment to C60 and electron recombination with C60+.

Conclusions. Our results show that it is crucial to take mutual polarization effects, the finite sizes, and the final quantum states of both molecular ions into account in order to obtain reliable predictions of MN rates expected to strongly influence the charge balance and chemistry in environments such as dense molecular clouds.
Short-term growth, movement and response of European eel Anguilla anguilla to re-meandering of a small English chalk stream
Authors: Champkin James D. , Bašić Tea , Haubrock Phillip J. , Balzani Paride , Sayer Carl D. , George Laura K. , Godard Michael J. , Vilizzi Lorenzo , Copp Gordon H.
Published: December 2024

In recent decades, the population of European eel Anguilla anguilla has strongly declined and the stock is outside safe biological limits. Freshwater habitat degradation has been cited as a key causal factor in the European eel decline, but there are limited studies assessing the responses of this species to river habitat restoration efforts. This study utilized mark-and-recapture data from annual electrofishing surveys conducted between 2009 and 2014 to describe European eel population density and size structure (length, weight) in the River Glaven − a chalk stream in eastern England. Short-term effects of river restoration on European eel were assessed via a Before-After-Control-Impact experimental design. Of the recaptured individuals, 73% were sedentary and the rest mobile. Despite re-meandering work increasing habitat heterogeneity in the restoration reach relative to the control reach, no change in European eel density or size structure was detected across treatments and time. While length and weight increased in the downstream control reach over the study period, density declined. This can be attributed to various local stressors such as barriers to European eel migration, as well as broader range-scale causes including climatic and oceanic factors. Although further research is ideally necessary to ensure adequate sample sizes, as well as to provide long-term monitoring of eel responses to river restoration, this study emphasizes the need for whole-catchment efforts in European eel conservation that combine river–floodplain restoration with greatly improved fish passage.
Ground-state structures and properties of L10 Mn1-XAlPtX and MnAl1-XPtX alloys: A cluster expansion approach
Authors: Mokwena Thabang , Diale Ramogohlo , Ngoepe Phuti , Chauke Hasani
Published: December 2024

Permanent magnets play a crucial role in the development of technologies such as wind turbines and electric cars. Amongst permanent magnet, Nd-Fe-B magnets dominates the market due to its high magnetic moment . However, permanent magnets requiring heavy rare earth are hard to find, and their prices fluctuate. MnAl-based alloys have the potential to close the performance gap of Nd-Fe-B magnets. The ground-state structures and properties of L10 Mn1-XAlPtX and MnAl1-XPtX alloys were investigated using Cluster Expansion (CE) and density functional theory (DFT). The accuracy of the CE prediction was assessed against DFT data, showing reasonable cross-validation scores of 0.08 and 1.10 since CVS< 5 meV/ pos. suggesting good cluster expansion prediction. CE generated 19 new favourable phases for L10 Mn1-XAlPtX and 22 for MnAl1-XPtX. The ground state line predicted 4 most favourably phases with negative formation energies for both Mn1-XAlPtX and MnAl1-XPtX alloys, suggesting thermodynamic stability. The most thermodynamically stable phases from the Mn-site was found to be MnPt3Al4 (Mn-site) and Mn2PtAl (Al-site) with the lowest formation energy of -0.046 eV and -0.330 eV, respectively. It was determined that those meeting the tetragonal stability criteria also satisfied the orthorhombic stability criteria. These findings will positively impact the development of permanent magnets for electric vehicles.
Effect of heat treatment on hardness of modified spring steel material
Authors: Maumela Mbavhalelo , Mkhonto Donald , Mathabathe M. N. , Phasha Maje
Published: December 2024

Spring steel materials are mainly used for semi-static loading applications. In addition, they provide a proper suspension of engineering structures in order to maintain their structural integrity. In order to meet properties required for engineering service, spring should be able to deform elastically during loading and return to its original shape upon unloading, without any plastic deformation or fracture. A plastic deformation alters the structural integrity, resulting in a loss of spring functionality. Since hardness is one of required primary properties of spring steel, this study conducted several heat treatment designs to optimize hardness of altered spring steel material. Microstructures were acquired and analysed using an optical microscope. A suggested approach for heat treatment design is recommended for engineering applications.
Effect of Mn on the structural, energetic, electronic and elastic properties of ordered L10 FePt Alloy
Authors: Lethole Ndanduleni , Sibila Terrence
Published: December 2024

This study performed systematic ternary substitution of Mn into the ordered L10 bulk FePt alloy to investigate its effect on structural, energetic, electronic and elastic behaviour at 0 K. Three ternary compositions were considered; namely Fe0.7Mn0.3Pt, Fe0.5Mn0.5Pt and Fe0.3Mn0.7Pt. Ab initio calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) formalism were employed using the CATEP module within the Materials Studio program. The findings of this study showed that Mn substitution promotes thermodynamic stability and isotropy due to the decreased enthalpy of formation and universal anisotropy index. The Fe0.3Mn0.7Pt system was predicted to be the most favourable composition, due to less volume deviation from the pristine ordered FePt, the highest Debye temperature and the presence of a deep pseudo gap around the Fermi level.
Ultrasonic activated energy-efficient autonomous camera system for activity observation
Authors: Sechemane Sifiso , Barnard Anthony , Young Andrew , van Niekerk Theo
Published: December 2024

This Paper presents a proof-of-concept system for autonomous object detection and tracking, employing a pan-tilt mechanism and ultrasonic sensors for energy-efficient operation. The system’s design aims to reduce unnecessary power consumption by activating energy-intensive components, such as the camera and LED lights, only when nearby objects are detected. Key functionalities, including distance sensing and object detection, are evaluated across multiple tests to assess system performance. While the system demonstrated consistent distance sensing and power savings, object detection results were inconsistent, primarily due to the limited training dataset and hardware constraints. Recommendations for future improvements include expanding the dataset, exploring advanced object detection models, and upgrading the camera to enhance detection consistency and overall performance. This prototype serves as a stepping stone toward developing robust, autonomous underwater photography systems for marine research.
The effects of isothermal soaking time on the mechanical properties of AA3003 cladded with AA4045 alloy
Authors: Moema Joseph , Siyasiya Charles , Morudu Veronica , Hadebe Nomsombuluko , Buthelezi Thokozani
Published: December 2024

In this study, the effects of the simulated isothermal soaking time on the mechanical properties of AA3003mod cladded with AA-4045 alloy (9031-H24 tube stock) used for automotive heat exchangers were investigated. The high-strength 4045/3003mod clad sheets were fabricated by the roll bonding process and further cold-rolled down to the thickness of 0.3 mm. Intermediate annealing (IA) was conducted during cold rolling at 270~350°C. The tensile test was performed with the clad sheets before and after brazing heat treatment. The fractographs of tensile-test specimens were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of soaking time on the mechanical properties of the cold rolled and annealed (CRA), and brazed alloy are presented. Amongst all the samples soaked at different times, cold-rolled and annealed (CRA) specimens showed a higher yield strength of 167MPa and UTS of 276 MPa than the brazed specimens. Post brazing UTS remained in the range of 90 to 152 MPa. The tensile and yield strength of samples preheat treated at 505°C for longer residence times of 40 hrs, then cold rolled and annealed was found to be on the lower end of the 9031-H24 specification. The fracture morphology of the CRA specimen was dominantly dimple fracture, typical of ductile fracture.
A first-principles approach to determine surface stability of Pt and Ir doped on β2 FeAl (011) plane
Authors: Mkhonto Christine , Lethole Ndanduleni , Ngoepe Phuti , Chauke Hasani
Published: December 2024

Ferroaluminum (FeAl) is a ferroalloy metal which usually consists of 40% to 60% aluminium. It is of great applications which include de-oxidation of steel, hard-facing applications, reducing agents, thermite reactions, AlNiCo magnets, and alloying additions to welding wires and fluxes. Herein, to investigate the structure of FeAl mesoscopic crystals segregating in solid state alloys, we have determined their equilibrium structures based on the First-principles approach and molecular dynamics techniques for stoichiometric surface terminations and temperature dependence. Thus, the investigation of surface stability and interaction with either Pt/Ir will provide insights into the strength and oxidation behaviour of the FeAl ternary doped systems. The predicted stable systems showed enhanced stability for corrosion reduction. The alumina layer formed on the metal's surface acts as a good barrier against oxygen penetration, delaying the production of other faster-growing oxides. The major goal of this study is to use coating to increase stainless-steels for high-temperature oxidation resistance.
Impact of fused deposition modelling printing parameters on part mass and strength
Authors: Swanepoel Matthew , Botha Ingrid Retha , Bright Glen
Published: December 2024

Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is continually gaining popularity as an Advanced Manufacturing (AM) technology due to its cost- effectiveness, availability, and industrial potential while remaining affordable to individual consumers. One shortfall associated with using FDM is the lack of predictive methods to determine mechanical properties once slicing parameters have been applied. This paper details the empirical FDM parameter optimization process, which was undertaken as part of an aerial robotic research project. The variables of interest included reduced part mass while maintaining part strength in tension and flexure. Results indicated that the number of perimeter layers was more influential on part strength under tension and flexure than infill pattern and infill percentage. The ideal parameter conditions were practically validated in an aerial robotic prototype.
Effect of selected laser-powder bed fusion parameters on the as-built properties of Inconel 718
Authors: Steyn Carla , Blaine Deborah , Neaves Melody
Published: December 2024

Laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is a form of additive manufacturing that makes use of a laser beam to melt a desired planar geometry into a powder bed, layer by layer, to form a three-dimensional part. This technology has rapidly become an attractive manufacturing method of complex parts made from nickel superalloys, such as Inconel® 718 (IN718), for aerospace applications due to the associated economic and environmental benefits. The as-built material properties are, however, dependent on the L-PBF process parameters. With sustainability in mind, ideal combinations of process parameters should produce dense, mechanically sound, and isotropic parts while minimising the amount of required energy input. This study highlights the effect of laser power and scanning speed on the as-built density, grain size and hardness of L-PBF fabricated IN718 specimens. Density and grain size values did not vary significantly beyond experimental scatter over the range of volumetric energy densities (VED) considered in this work (62 – 72 J/mm3). Near 100 % relative densities, refined grain sizes and reduced hardness anisotropy was observed at VED values that are lower than the VED value based on the standard process parameter set. This implies potential energy savings (lower laser powers) and faster build times (faster scanning speeds) for the aerospace industry.
Geometric and hardness characterization of additively manufactured copper using bound powder extrusion with thermal sintering
Authors: Urwin Roy , Bock Bradley D.
Published: December 2024

Recent advancements now allow for high thermal conductivity metals such as copper to be additively manufactured and will allow for the applications of the technology to be broadened in the field of heat transfer. In this study, copper samples were additively manufactured using a bound powder extrusion process and then characterised in terms of hardness, porosity, mass, volume shrinkage and surface roughness. It was found that this additively manufactured material has a significantly reduced hardness when compared to pure copper and a porosity of between 32-38%. During the manufacturing process a mass loss of up to 8% and a volume loss of up to 28% was seen compared to the original printed part. The surface roughness (Ra) on the sides of the sample was 14 µm while the tops and bottoms of the sample had a surface roughness 8 µm, both significantly higher than parts produced with traditional machining processes. Designers of heat exchangers that makes use of bound powder extrusion will thus have to compensate for geometry changes between the initial print and final part as well as reduced hardness (and likely strength). Greater porosity and roughness of their parts will also have to be considered, which in some cases like boiling can be an advantage, while in convective heat transfer may be disadvantage.
Wear characterisation of additively manufactured Ti6Al4V for patient-specific joint implant applications
Authors: Cremer Labau , Cowie Raelene , van der Merwe Johan , Jennings Louise , Becker Thorsten
Published: December 2024

This study uses multidirectional pin-on-plate wear testing to present a pre-clinical wear assessment of additively manufactured (AM) Ti6Al4V with ASTM F732 guided testing conditions. Wear assessment of moderately cross-linked polyethylene against a boost diffusion heat treatment on AM Ti6Al4V was explored and compared to the wear against wrought untreated Ti6Al4V. Results indicate that boost-diffused AM Ti6Al4V exhibits trends consistent with existing literature on other widely used material pairs. However, further surface characterisation is required to understand the reported wear rates. Most notably, the articulating surface of the boost-diffused Ti6Al4V showed a reduction in mean surface roughness over the duration of the study and the inverse trend for the wrought untreated Ti6Al4V for which the surface roughness increased due to scratching. Thus, the need for a surface hardening heat treatment, such as boost diffusion when using AM Ti6Al4V within a biotribology setting is emphasised.
Assessment of the financial feasibility of the rapid sand casting process using the discounted payback period
Authors: Msani Anazo , Nyembwe Didier
Published: December 2024

The rapid sand casting of sand moulds has gained significant attention in the foundry industry. However, existing technologies for this process are still quite expensive, and financial assessments are required to justify the adoption of this process in foundries. To that end, a paper was previously published on the financial feasibility of the Voxeljet VX1000 system using the payback period method. This study takes the analysis one step further by considering the time value of money by using a discounted payback period method. The accuracy of the two methods as a means of providing accurate results is compared to guide local foundry men in adopting this process in the local foundry industry.
The inner dynamics of transformation in education: Distance education
Authors: Sarigoz Okan
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research is to determine the opinions of academics working in education faculties about distance, i.e., online education. The research covers the faculty members who taught online courses at Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Education during the 2023-2024 academic year. A semi-structured interview form, developed by the researcher and consisting of four questions, was used as the data collection tool. The study concluded that faculty members’ technology experiences increased after the pandemic and the earthquake, equal opportunity among students improved, but communication in lessons decreased, and students experienced a loss of motivation.
Fine structure of current noise spectra in nanoelectromechanical resonators
Authors: Liu Dong E. , Levchenko Alex
Published: December 2024

We study the frequency-dependent noise of a suspended carbon nanotube quantum dot nanoelectromechanical resonator induced by electron-vibration coupling. Using a rigorous Keldysh diagrammatic technique, we establish a formal framework connecting the vibrational properties to electrical measurements. We find that the noise power spectrum exhibits a narrow resonant peak at the frequency of the vibrational modes. However, this fine structure tends to disappear due to a coherent cancellation effect when the tunneling barriers are tuned to a symmetric point. Notably, measuring the electrical current noise spectra provides a sensitive alternative method for detecting the damping and dephasing of quantum vibrational modes.
Suppression of parasitic lasing in erbium doped thin film lithium niobate waveguide amplifier by integrated wavelength division multiplexer
Authors: Han Jinli , Li Mengqi , Dong Qiaonan , Wu Rongbo , Wang Zhe , Liu Zhaoxiang , Sun Saisai , Fang Zhiwei , Wang Min , Zhang Haisu , Cheng Ya
Published: December 2024

Photonic integrated circuits based erbium doped amplifiers have attracted great interest due to their compact footprint, high gain in the telecom C-band, and high scalability for functional integration. In this work, a wavelength division multiplexer integrated erbium doped waveguide amplifier fabricated on the thin film lithium niobate on insulator platform is demonstrated. An on-chip saturated power of 10 dBm with the net gain around 10 dB is achieved from the monolithically integrated amplifier chip with the footprint of only 3 × 5 mm2. In particular, the suppression of parasitic lasing in the waveguide amplifier is realized thanks to the spectral response of the integrated wavelength division multiplexer. Theoretical analysis of parasitic lasing on amplifier performance is also conducted. The demonstrated integrated erbium doped waveguide amplifier will find great use in various applications based on the thin film lithium niobate on an insulator platform.
Full-field quantitative visualization of shock-driven pore collapse and failure modes in PMMA
Authors: Lawlor Barry P. , Gandhi Vatsa , Ravichandran Guruswami
Published: December 2024

The dynamic collapse of pores under shock loading is thought to be directly related to hot spot generation and material failure, which is critical to the performance of porous energetic and structural materials. However, the shock compression response of porous materials at the local, individual pore scale is not well understood. This study examines, quantitatively, the collapse phenomenon of a single spherical void in PMMA at shock stresses ranging from 0.4 to 1.0 GPa. Using a newly developed internal digital image correlation technique in conjunction with plate impact experiments, full-field quantitative deformation measurements are conducted in the material surrounding the collapsing pore for the first time. The experimental results reveal two failure mode transitions as shock stress is increased: (i) the first in situ evidence of shear localization via adiabatic shear banding and (ii) dynamic fracture initiation at the pore surface. Numerical simulations using thermo-viscoplastic dynamic finite element analysis provide insights into the formation of adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) and stresses at which failure mode transitions occur. Further numerical and theoretical modeling indicates the dynamic fracture to occur along the weakened material inside an adiabatic shear band. Finally, analysis of the evolution of pore asymmetry and models for ASB spacing elucidate the mechanisms for the shear band initiation sites, and elastostatic theory explains the experimentally observed ASB and fracture paths based on the directions of maximum shear.
Spatiotemporal visualization of instantaneous flame structure in a hydrogen-fueled axisymmetric supersonic combustor
Authors: Li Qinyuan , Yan Bo , Sun Mingbo , Tian Yifu , Wan Minggang , Wang Zhongwei , Yang Xueni , Tang Tao , Zhu Jiajian
Published: December 2024

Spatiotemporal visualization of instantaneous flame structures in a hydrogen-fueled axisymmetric supersonic combustor was investigated using multiview planar laser-induced fluorescence of the hydroxyl radical, coupled with high-speed photography and pressure measurement. The axisymmetric cavity generates a loop-shaped recirculation flow and shear layer that sustains the flame. An irregular and wrinkled flame loop with a central hole is formed near the loop-shaped region. Due to turbulent disturbances, multiple small-scale holes and fragmented flames are randomly distributed in the flame loop or near the wrinkled flame front. The combustion near the cavity shear layer is more likely to be stronger and sustained. As the thickness of the cavity shear layer increases along the axial direction, the flame loop is expanded toward the core flow and the cavity. The flame base anchors near the cavity leading edge with a low global equivalence ratio (GER). The increased GER expands the flame loop to compress the high-speed core flow dramatically, promoting the flame base to propagate upstream along the hydrogen jet wake. The flame base is unable to anchor near the thin boundary layer. Consequently, it propagates reciprocally to enhance the combustion oscillation that disturbs the flame structure dramatically. The flame structure becomes more complex and tendentially fragmented, which increases the fractal dimension, especially near the middle part of the combustor. In comparison, the flame structure near the ramp is more resistant to disturbances due to the dramatic expansion of local flame loop, extending the favorable combustion environment. Despite the instantaneous flame structure being severely wrinkled and even tendentially fragmented, it is primarily sustained within a relatively regular loop region near the cavity recirculation flow and the cavity shear layer.
Enhanced catalytic degradation of methylene blue using self-propelled Janus micromotors: An insight into decomposing characteristics of passive and active hematite particles studded with Pt nanoparticles
Authors: Khan Faizan , Pawak Vishal Singh , Dugyala Venkateshwar Rao , Mondal Tarak , Sabapathy Manigandan
Published: December 2024

Recent advancements in catalytic micromotors have shown significant potential for environmental applications, yet challenges such as particle agglomeration persist. In this study, we compare the degradation of methylene blue using hematite particles fully coated with platinum and those partially decorated with platinum. The selective decoration, confirmed through techniques like EDX, FESEM, TEM, and XPS, plays a crucial role in the micromotors’ behavior. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by Pt nanoparticles on one side of the hematite particles generates thrust, propelling the micromotors and enhancing their interaction with pollutant molecules. This active mobility helps counteract agglomeration, preventing the formation of irregular 3D clusters and improving catalytic efficiency. Our findings show that partially decorated particles achieve up to 85% dye removal within 90 min, outperforming fully decorated particles, which reach only 33% efficiency due to aggregation and sedimentation. These results underscore the importance of optimized surface decoration for improving the performance and stability of catalytic systems in pollutant degradation.
Magnetic field-induced topological phase transition for colossal negative magnetoresistance in EuB6
Authors: Pan Lulu , Wang Yunhao , Ding Xiang , Hu Guojing , Guo Hui , Lv Senhao , Xian Guoyu , Qi Qi , Zhu Ke , Han Yechao , Lei Minyinan , Li Zhuolin , Bao Lihong , Zhang Ying , Lin Xiao , Zhu Shiyu , Peng Rui , Yang Haitao , Gao Hong-Jun
Published: December 2024

EuB6, as a magnetic Weyl semimetal, has attracted much attention in recent years due to its rich intriguing physical properties, especially the colossal negative magnetoresistance (CNMR) exceeding −80% and the topological phase transition. Yet, the underlying mechanism of the CNMR in EuB6 is still controversial. In this work, the CNMR with a maximum value of −88.4% and Hall resistivity without linear dependence on the magnetic field are both observed to indicate the existence of a weak ferromagnetic order below 50 K. The effective carrier concentration can be modulated by both temperatures and external magnetic fields. Moreover, the angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy results demonstrate the gradual band splitting and crossing near the Fermi level below 15 K, and the field-dependent Kelvin probe force microscope results confirm the field-induced variation of the Fermi level at different temperatures. Furthermore, by integrating those results with the monotonic increment relationship between the effective carrier concentration and the field-induced magnetization ratio, it is concluded that the magnetic field-induced topological phase transition is the main mechanism for the CNMR in EuB6, which is helpful to understand the exotic transport properties in magnetic topological materials. Our findings provide a route for exploring and manipulating the topology-related transport properties via the external magnetic field in other systems with strong correlation between magnetism and topological states.
Self-organization of Janus particles: Impact of hydrodynamic interactions in substrate consumption for structure formation
Authors: Torrenegra-Rico J. D. , Arango-Restrepo A. , Rubí J. M.
Published: December 2024

We show that the formation of active matter structures requires them to modify their surroundings by creating inhomogeneities such as concentration gradients and fluid flow around the structure constituents. This modification is crucial for the stability of the ordered structures. We examine the formation of catalytic Janus particle aggregates at low volumetric fractions in the presence of hydrodynamic interactions (HIs). Our study shows the types of structures formed for various values of the kinetic constant of the catalytic reaction. The presence of HI causes the aggregate particles to have higher mobility than in the case of the absence of such interactions, which is reflected in the behavior of the pair distribution function. Although HI decreases energy conversion efficiency, they play a significant role in the formation of complex structures found in nature. Self-organization of these structures is driven by direct feedback loops between structure formation and the surrounding medium. As the structures alter the medium by consuming substrate and perturbing fluid flow, the substrate concentration, in turn, dictates the kinetics and configuration of the structures.
Visualization and quantification of Li distribution in garnet solid electrolytes Li6.25La3Zr2Al0.25O12
Authors: Zhang Zhigang , Zhao Enyue , Yin Wen , Wang Baotian , Li Ying , Wang Fangwei
Published: December 2024

Garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is a promising solid electrolyte for all-solid-state batteries due to its structural stability and high Li+ ionic conductivity, but high-purity LLZO crystallizes in a low-conductivity tetragonal phase at room temperature (RT). Al doping stabilizes the cubic structure, yet its impact on Li+ migration is not fully understood. Using Li6.25La3Zr2Al0.25O12 (LLZAO) as a model, we conducted temperature-dependent neutron powder diffraction (NPD), neutron pair distribution function (nPDF), and density-functional theory (DFT) computations. NPD results, supported by nPDF, show Li+ ions at 24d and 96h sites, excluding 48g. Al at 24d adjusts the distribution of Li, improving ionic conductivity near RT. Maximum Entropy Method analyses indicate a temperature-driven 3D Li diffusion pathway of 24d-96h-96h-24d channels, confirmed by DFT. This work will enhance the understanding of Li diffusion and the optimization of ionic conductivity in garnet-type solid electrolytes.
Air moisture harvesting in soil for indoor agriculture: A comparative study of moisture dynamics in shallow porous beds
Authors: Chaudhari Ashish D. , Joshi Vijesh V.
Published: December 2024

Indoor farming can mitigate water scarcity, declining crop yields, and excessive chemical use in agriculture. However, it demands innovative solutions to reach its full potential. This paper presents a novel indoor plant cultivation technique that leverages atmospheric moisture. Shallow soil bed cooling from below can induce condensation within the soil pores, providing a sustainable water source for plant growth. We tested this method on wheat seed cultivation, observing a 40% growth increase in seedlings with cooled soil beds. We conducted a detailed study of moisture dynamics in porous sand beds to understand the underlying mechanisms of this technique. Choosing sand as a medium isolated the effects of porosity, temperature, and capillary action on moisture condensation. Sand's inertness allows a concentrated analysis of moisture dynamics without interference from chemical reactions or microbial activity. Experiments with cooled sand of varying particle sizes showed moisture condensation levels of 0.025, 0.042, and 0.092 kg/kg for coarse, fine, and superfine sand over 11 days. In soil, moisture reached 0.124 kg/kg over 22 days, highlighting the impact of porosity, temperature, and capillary forces. Our findings reveal exponential moisture increase over time and a linear relationship between bed water content and specific heat. The method is practical and adaptable, especially for remote locations and arid regions, as renewable energy sources can power it. This approach could revolutionize indoor agriculture, particularly in controlled environment systems. Controlling soil temperature can optimize growth conditions, increase yields, and minimize environmental impact. It offers versatility and scalability for various crops and systems.