bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence for Compressive Strength Prediction of Concrete
Authors: Goutham S. J. , Singh V. P.
Published: December 2020

Structural health monitoring is an indispensable procedure that is to be carried out to evaluate the serviceability of existing structures. Non-destructive testing methods are attaining increasing popularity for the assessment of concrete strength due to the ease of operation and reliability of the results. The application of machine learning in the field of engineering has increased rampantly. In this study, the compressive strength of concrete has been forecasted using support vector regression which is a machine learning technique. Artificial intelligence is nothing but the potential to impersonate human intelligence. The advantage of artificial intelligence over human intelligence is the absence of human errors that can arise due to various factors which might decrease the accuracy of results. Rebound hammer (RBH), Windsor probe penetration (WPP) and ultra-sonic pulse velocity(USV) are the non-destructive testing that has been employed to assess the concrete compressive strength. The use of multiple non-destructive testing methods than single testing methods has improved the accuracy of prediction model. Further the results of different combination models were compared using coefficient of determination which is a commonly used statistical parameter for prediction accuracy comparison. The prediction model is in accordance with the experimental results obtained. And the accuracy of prediction indicates that support vector regression can be successfully used for predicting the compressive strength of concrete.
Multi Objective Optimization of Nano-composite Non-asbestos Friction Lining Material using Grey Relation Analysis (GRA)
Authors: Shinde Dinesh , Bulsara Mukesh , Mistry K N
Published: December 2020

Friction lining materials should possess high coefficient of friction at the same time should have high wear resistance. Moreover, it should be stable at elevated temperature encountered due to sliding friction. One has to think of many functional requirements in order to develop a friction material, which gives motivation to optimize the friction materials for multiple objectives. In this work, three variant (CSP0, CSP15 and CSP30) of friction lining materials with nano-coconut shell powder are developed and subjected chase friction testing. Specimen preparation is done at Universal brakes Jalgaon (MS, India) and Chase friction test is conducted at Indian Friction Material Engineering Company, Delhi (India). The results of the test are then used in multi-objective decision making for the selection using Grey Relation Analysis (GRA). It is applied based on the temperature sensitivity performance of Coefficient of friction (CoF) of the specimens, through six different criterions in parallel. It is observed that CSP30 has ranked 1 according to GRA with six criterions.
Design Improvements in Conventional Drilling Machine to Control Thermal Necrosis during Orthopaedic Surgeries
Authors: Dahibhate R V , Jaju S B , Sarode R I
Published: December 2020

Bone drilling operation is performed to join fractured bone tissues during physical trauma. Natural bone growth and remodelling of fractured bone fragments is possible by immobilisation of affected bone. Immobilisation is achieved by use of screws and plates with drilling facilities. Similarly internal fixation of screws [1] during intramedullary nailing often involves bone drilling. The heat generation model [2] has proved that, generation and accumulation of heat above temperature level of 470c for one minute during drilling is the alarming signal for thermal necrosis which causes irreversible bone damage. To study bone drilling in concern with thermal necrosis, threshold temperature has to be the prime concern and accordingly drilling parameters and specifications are to be selected. In this study, drilling process is conducted on a sheep rib bone. Optimization of drilling parameters such as drilling speed, feed rate and drill specification like drill tool diameter is suggested using Taguchi and ANOVA method. Results indicate drill diameter is most influencing factor contributing 90.71% for heat generation, followed by feed rate 5.69% and drill speed 2.22%. Based on discussions and conclusions a drill machine with attachments of infrared thermometer, speed sensor and camera is designed and fabricated. This machine alarms surgeon when temperature level at drill site increases above 470c, which is a threshold temperature of thermal necrosis.
Fracture analysis of center crack functionally graded material plate under tensile biaxial loading by extended finite element method
Authors: Lal Achchhe , Sutaria B.M , Mishra Kundan
Published: December 2020

The fracture analysis of a centrally cracked functionally graded material (FGM) plate under biaxial stresses using extended finite element method (XFEM) is studied. In this present study the effect of crack length and crack angle on mixed mode stress intensity factor (MSIF) of center cracked FGM plate under biaxial stress is presented. The mathematical formulation is carried out in MATLAB by XFEM using interaction integral and partition of unity method. The results obtained by this present approach are compared with the result from the literature. This study is carried out to find MMSIF of center cracked FGM plate to understand the behavior of crack under biaxial state of stress.
Experimental investigation of cylindrical roller bearing for inner race defect under varying load
Authors: Patel Sachin P. , Upadhyay S. H.
Published: December 2020

This paper presents an experimental investigation of inner race defect on cylindrical roller bearing under various speeds and radial load conditions. The several statistical features like RMS, crest factor, skewness, kurtosis, and frequency domain techniques like FFT, envelope spectrum have been extracted and compared it for defective and healthy bearing at various speeds and radial load to understand the performance of bearing. The experimental results indicate that increment in rotational speed and variation in radial load has a remarkable influence on various features of the signals.
Thermo-Hydraulic Performance Enhancement of Liquid He Based Cryogenic Nanofluid Flow in Laminar Region Through Rectangular Plate Fin Heat Exchangers -A Numerical Study
Authors: Bose A , Chakraborty S , Mukhopadhayay S S
Published: December 2020

Cryogenic applications are increasing in recent times with the advancement of technology. This research work is focused to improve performance of cryogenic fluid in compact heat exchangers. Nanoparticles with high thermal conductivity is mixed with the cryogenic fluid to improve the thermo-hydraulic efficiency of the heat transfer fluid used in the compact heat exchangers. Liquid He has been used as base fluid and its performance has been compared using nanoparticles CuO, Al2O3, Fe3O4 and Single Wall Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT). A numerical analysis has been done in the laminar range of flows in a PFHE. Comparison of the nanofluids at cryogenic temperature is compared with heat transfer performance parameter Colburn j-factor and pressure drop performance parameter Fanning’s friction factor(f). It has been found that around 15-30% enhancement of thermal performance is achieved with nanoparticles in comparison to liquid He without any nanoparticles. It has also been observed that there is an improvement of j/f
1/3 factor representing heat transfer enhancement without much increasing pumping pressure.
Optimization and Experimentation of Modified Throttling Calorimeter
Authors: Mushan Sagar G. , Sane Narayan. K. , Kulkarni Hrushikesh
Published: December 2020

Steam plays a vital role in the industrial revolution and is a major source of power generation in steam engines or steam turbine. Thus, it becomes necessary to maintain steam as dry as possible and it is necessary to monitor steam quality on a regular basis. The most commonly used method in determining steam quality is Throttling calorimeter. Here existing throttling calorimeter is designed for determining steam quality within a pressure range of 20 – 25 bar. This existing calorimeter is optimized for monitoring steam quality within a range of 4 – 12 bar gauge pressure. Pipe and orifice dimension of the calorimeter is calculated for a given flow rate of steam by using ISO norms and Bernoulli’s principle. After conducting multiple trials on newly designed model test rig it is found that the 4 mm orifice diameter model gives the greater consistency of results and it is considered to be an optimized model.
Experimental Investigation on Geo-Polymer Concrete by Using Steel Slag at Higher Temperature
Authors: Sanghamitra J , Ramakanta P , Ananya B Sushree
Published: December 2020

Concrete is the most durable, versatile and reliable construction material after water. Its requirement is very large so the need of ordinary portland cement is also high. Due to such large production of OPC our environment is getting polluted as carbon dioxide is emitted. Geo-polymer is the alternative to control the pollution and its an innovative construction material. It can be prepared by using fly ash, the secondary product of thermal coal and steel slag which is the by product of the production of steel in an electric arc. Another thing required to prepare the geopolymer concrete (GPC) is curing temperature. In this study mechanical properties of GPC is examined with curing temperature 70°C with a replacement of steel slag as coarse aggregate as 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Here the strength of GPC is increasing up to 30% replacement of steel slag as coarse aggregate.
Matrix Modification of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites with Hybrid Resin System
Authors: VenkateshwarReddy C. , Roopa K. , RameshBabu P. , RamNarayanan R.
Published: December 2020

The most important property required for any structural composite material is high strength to weight ratio and corrosion resistance. To improve the interfacial addition between carbon fiber and epoxy resin, the epoxy matrix has been modified with hybrid resin. The unidirectional carbon/epoxy composites were prepared with different weight proportions of two resins (hybrid resin) with parts by weight(PBW). In this paper unidirectional carbon fiber T700 used as reinforcement and hybrid resin used as matrix for preparing the Uni-Directional(UD) laminate and Naval Ordnance laboratories(NOL) ring specimens. These specimens are prepared with filament winding technique, specimens were tested as per ASTM standards and test was conducted on Instron 4505 with 100KN capacity. From the test results it has been observed that the tensile strength measured by NOL ring specimens are more trustable than the results obtained with unidirectional(UD) test specimens. NOL ring test data is useful for making composite pressure vessels for aerospace applications.
Structural and optical properties of amorphous TiO2 films deposited by reactive DC magnetron sputtering
Authors: Lavanya M , Ratnam S Sunita , Kumar B Rajesh , Rao T Subba
Published: December 2020

Titanium dioxide films were grown by magnetron DC sputtering technique and post-annealed in vacuum from 150 to 350 °C. X-ray diffraction profiles of TiO2 films exhibits amorphous nature. The optical absorbance spectra show the absorption edge tends to shift towards higher wavelength and band gap (Eg) of TiO2 thin films decreased from 3.44 to 3.35 eV with the increment of annealing temperature from 150 to 350°C. The decrease in band gap of the films leads to an increase in the size of the grain with an increment of annealing temperature.
Prediction of solid rocket motor performance characteristics using computational fluid dynamics and validation with experimental data
Authors: MohanManchiraju Venkata Naga , Dwivedi Vijay Kumar
Published: December 2020

Solid Propulsion is widely used in Missile and Space applications. Accurate prediction of Specific impulse (Isp) is important for design of Solid rocket motor. These predictions can be done using empirical relations. Obtaining these empirical relations require large amount of data. The renowned aerospace organizations use their own code for prediction. These codes are not open source and also developing a code requires big team effort with challenges of verification and validations. The present work is aimed at developing numerical model for prediction of Specific Impulse. The model is validated against the experimental data of static test of solid rocket motor taken from literature.
Design of framework of Hybrid RMS for Ball Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Patel J , Sanghvi N , Khatri A , Vora D
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the possibility of implementation of a reconfigurable manufacturing system to aid a manufacturing organization to manufacture tennis and rubber balls simultaneously or exclusively with minimum changeover time. The tennis balls and rubber balls come under a single part family, that is, Ball. They constitute 8 types of products in total. The proposed manufacturing system consists of three individual and parallel manufacturing lines that are capable of manufacturing both tennis and rubber balls. As per the change in demand, the line can be reconfigured to manufacture any product within the part family.
Dynamic Analysis of High Speed Spindle
Authors: Prasad V V S H , Kamala V
Published: December 2020

Assessment of the thermo-mechanical behaviour of machine-tool spindles is a requisite for the reliable operation of high-speed CNC machine tools. The thermal behaviour and applied loads affect the performance of these high-speed spindles. The primary source of heat generation in the spindle is due to friction torque in angular contact ball bearings, cutting forces, centrifugal force, gyratory effects and bearing preload. The spindle shaft is treated as beam element with one translational and one rotational degree-of-freedom at each node. Angular contact ball bearings are modelled to predict heat generation due to load, viscous, and spin-related effects. Mutual interlinkage between the thermal and structural behaviour of both spindle shaft and bearings is modelled using the effects caused due to the thermal expansion and rate of heat generation. The bearing preload is pushed up due to centrifugal force and temperature rise due to high spindle speed. Components matrices are assembled to configure a finite element model for the thermo-mechanical analysis of spindle-bearing systems using Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. Further this work presents ANSYS simulations on CNC spindle system with angular contact ball bearings using 103 Cr1steel material and hybrid type to predict thermal stress. Static and dynamic analysis is carried out on the spindle with and without thermal load and cutting load to predict the displacement and slope.
Design and Development of an Indigenous Drum Dryer for Preheating of Plastic Scrap
Authors: Alam Parvez , Dwivedi Vijay Kumar , Islam Anas , Sharma Rohit
Published: December 2020

In this experiment an indigenous plastic scrap preheating machine has been developed that preheats the plastic scrap very economically and may be used at small scale industries, as such types of industries largely uses sun drying method for heating the plastic scrap. The limitation of such method is that the time taken to heat the scrap is quite large and also there remains porosities inside the plastic scrap, these porosities create voids in these scraps that reduce the strength of the final manufactured plastic item in operations like injection mouldings.
Mechanical Testing and Numerical Analysis of Flax/Glass Epoxy Hybrid Composite Material
Authors: Naresh Kumar S , Venkatesh D , Subbaratnam B. , Shekar M
Published: December 2020

The natural fibres, as reinforcing medium will tremendously use in polymer composite industries due to rapid development of research in this field to maintain the sustainable materials towards its application. In this paper, Bidirectional woven E-Glass and Flax Fabrics with Epoxy resin were used to fabricate the two different composites with (0°, 45°) orientation by hand layup method. Laminate-1 made of four flax/epoxy layers and four Glass/Epoxy layers consecutively arranged one after the other, Laminate-2 made of four Flax/Epoxy layers sandwiched between the two Glass/Epoxy layers top side and two Glass/Epoxy layers bottom side of the laminate. Tensile test and bending test results obtained as per ASTM standards. Finite element analysis was used in ABAQUS software for the simulation of important mechanical properties in tension and bending of the two laminates. Theoretical results obtained in FEA were compared with the experimental results of both laminates in terms of Force-displacement curve on the elastic domain. The error percentage of the maximum strength of two laminates were 4.8% and 8.04% respectively in the tensile test, similarly the maximum flexural strength of two laminates in order of 5.33% and 2.54% in bending test. Due to this experiment, it observed that the strength of the laminate is more in the hybrid composite than the composite made of purely natural fibres.
Experimental Investigation of Thermal Performance of Mesh Wick Heat Pipe Using Nanofluid
Authors: Nizam Al Rabbul , Gupta Naveen Kumar , Alam Parvez
Published: December 2020

In the present world with the advancement in technology and development of devices with high speeds and continuous runs, it has become the most serious challenge to effectively manage the thermal dissipation so that the devices are able to run smoothly and efficiently. With an effective thermal management system, the performance of these equipments or machineries can be improved to a great extent. This can be done by using heat pipes with nanofluids. The suspension of nanoparticles within the size range of 1-100 nm in the base fluids like water, ethylene glycol, etc. is called nanofluid. The aim of this research is to prepare Aluminium-water based nanofluids and to study its various properties. The aluminium nanofluid was synthesised using De-ionized water as the base fluid. The characterisation of the nanofluid was done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques.
Experimental Investigation and Micro Structural Characteristics of GTAW and FSW Welded Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Kotari Sairam , Punna Eshwaraiah , Reddy S M Gangadhar , Venukumar S.
Published: December 2020

Current paper shares the study on optimization of parameters for GTAW and FSW Aluminum alloys. Base metals chosen were AA6061 and AA7075, filler metal used for TIG welding is AA4043. Welding Current, Welding speed and gas flow rate were taken as input parameters for GTAW and axial load, weld speed and tool rotation were choosen as variables for FSW. L9 orthogonal array is used for design of experiments. Analysis of variance is used for ranking the parameters. It was found that an average tensile strength of 127MPa is found for GTAW samples and 151 MPa for FSW samples. Thus an overall 19% increase in strength is achieved. Micro structural analysis is done to investigate the reason for variation of strength. It was found that the formation of Mg-Si precipitates has affected the increase in strength for FSW samples.
Fabriction of Mechanical Segway With Handle
Authors: Vardhan M.Vishnu , Kotari Sairam , Sameeroddin Mohd , Deshmukh Kashif Gohar , Rohit Gunti
Published: December 2020

Segway is a two-wheeled motorized personal vehicle consisting of a platform for the fleet mounted above an axle an upright post surmounted by handle with two guiding wheels, controlled by the rocker switches. Segway is mainly used for the short distance travel where there is no use of fuel and no pollution. The main objective of this project is to produce an easy way to move and a comfortable space for the user and reduce pollution as this model is eco-friendly. The present project proposes a cost effective and innovative design compared to the existing segway available in the market. The proposed project also aims to reduce the e-waste by eliminating few electronic components.
Experimental validation of fatigue life for thread rolling form tool material
Authors: Rao GVR Seshagiri , Prasad VVSH , Sunil kumar M , Raju VKVS Krishnam
Published: December 2020

A mechanical machine needs to be considering the effect of cyclic stress to avoid failures, the machine considered in this work is rotating beam fatigue tester to know the failure points. This machine present the fatigue strength values of different materials when it is subjected to repeated loads at different stress values. To establish the fatigue characteristics, various materials are tested with initial test, at a stress value that is under the material’s ultimate strength. Machine components are subjected to repeated varying forces or fluctuating loads of definite magnitude and stress cycles are to be measured. In this paper it has been analyse the performance EN8 and D2 steel. These materials are used for general applications of thread rolling process which experiences weariness stacking. Further, concentrates on fatigue testing machine to improve strength quality is shown. In the same way the method is repeated with the different values of load on EN8 and D2 steel specimens and the results are plotted and to represented on S-N diagram.
Modelling and Fabrication of Engine Valve To Improve Performance of An I.C Engine
Authors: Reddy P Ramakrishna , Shivanath Pendam , Shandilya Vittala , Srikanth Acha , Balakrishna B.
Published: December 2020

Modelling and fabrication of engine valves are made to increase the turbulence process by swirl. By proving swirl process to increase fast combustion phenomenon and enhance the efficiency of an engine. Engine should work at minimum speeds in order to have decrease the mechanical losses and good combustion enabling improves the combustion efficiency and mechanical efficiency (1). For this process be used to improves brake thermal efficiency and increase the usage of air-fuel mixture in combustion process which less impact pollution release to environment. The main importance of this work is to evaluate the performance of an Engine and to improve it by changing the valve design. Manufacturing of intake valves made to do an experimental work. this being done after modelling of valve and fabrication and then experimental work on test engine to compare two valves. Even if we adapt the this concept and also additional concentration required on inlet manifold.
Evaluation of tensile strength in riveted, adhesive and hybrid joints
Authors: Chakradhar K V P , BalaRaju A , Veerapaneni Anil Kumar
Published: December 2020

Many automobile industries prefer hybrid joining practices in the part-assembly of advanced lightweight automobile and commercial vehicles. The main cause for this is the greater need for mixed material design. One of the combinations is composite with aluminium, like a combination of Titanium-Aluminium, CFRPs with aluminium etc. This paper deals with comparative study of mechanical strength evaluation in riveted joints, adhesive joints and hybrid single-lap joints. Hybrid joints are a combination of riveted and adhesive joints. The riveted joint produces enormous stress around the holes of the fasteners, which is detrimental to its performance. The adhesive joint allows good load distribution; however, it leads to plastic deformation that is detrimental in the long run. The hybrid joint has better load bearing capacity when compared to the riveted or adhesive joints. Thus, the study indicates that a hybrid joint has better properties suitable for structural, automobile and aerospace applications.
Catalytic Oxidation of Carbon Composites
Authors: Dhanraj B , Kiran Kumar N , Reddy K Rama Siva , Vishnuvardhan M. , Anil Kumar V
Published: December 2020

A airbrake make use of multiple rotors for CC brakes, coupled with stators. A rotor is sourced by spokes, and the brake system provides protection for the stators. Pressing the brakes along with the hydraulic actuators performs braking action and the frictional torque is provided to stop aircrafts from overheating disc brakes. A friction between the rotating and stationery disc causes them to heat up to around 500 °C with a surface temperature of 2000 °C. He3nce, the materials used in this environment should show high thermal shock resistance. This paper focuses primarily on the study and evaluation of the effect of alkaline earth acetates on the catalytic oxidation of Carbon Composites aircraft brakes.
Effect of Surface Modification with Aluminium and Copper on the Performance of Stainless Steel 304 Fin
Authors: Vulloju Sreedhar , Kishore P.S.
Published: December 2020

In this present work, experiments were performed on coated Stainless Steel 304 fin to understand the effect of coating on heat transfer parameters of fin. Aluminium and Copper were chosen as coating materials and these were coated on the Stainless steel 304 substrate by using Thermal Spray Method. Conducted experiments on different coated and none coated fins at various heat inputs using Fin-Pin apparatus in our heat transfer laboratory and necessary readings were noted to calculate Reynolds Number, Nusselt Number, Heat transfer coefficient, Thermal conductivity and fin efficiency. The value of thermal conductivity of fin without was obtained as 52.3 W/m K, coated with Aluminium as 166.75 W/m K and coated with Copper as 280.6 W/m K. The improvement of percentage of fin efficiency in case of fin coated with Aluminium was obtained as 73.6% compared with fin without coating, but in case of fin coated with Copper was obtained as 81.7% compared with fin without coating and 4.6% compared with fin coated with Aluminium.
Investigating the Effects of Welding Parameters on Mild Steel by SMAW Technique
Authors: Pagare Rohit , Awati Dhanesh , Mane Shrinath , Teli Vijay , Bhandare Amar
Published: December 2020

The Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) is a joining technique in which melting and joining of metals with the help of an arc between the workpiece and the filler rod. The core purpose of the paper is to examine the mechanical characteristics of welded metal under various standalone parameters like type of filler material, electrode diameter, and current for SMAW. This paper employed the half factorial Design of Experiment (DOE) using Taguchi L4 array. Varieties of welding filler materials used were E6013 and E7016, with an electrode diameter of 3.15mm and 4mm and the welding current of 90A and 110A. The desired output variables were tensile strength and Rockwell hardness of the welded joint. This paper found that when electrode diameter increases, the deposition rate increases, and hence HAZ increases, which decreases the weld strength. Using the welding filler E7016, we can obtain the maximum tensile strength for welded metals.
Experimental Investigation of YSZ Coated Piston Crown on Performance and Emission Features of LHR Diesel Engine with Mahua Biodiesel
Authors: Rajesh R , Reddy C.Vijaya Bhaskar , Prasad B.Durga
Published: December 2020

Researchers have carried out numerous studies on low heat rejection (LHR) engines. Among the studies reported, some are experimental and many are theoretical in nature. The thermal barrier coatings (TBC) play a prominent role in LHR engines. Ceramic coatings are TBCs, they shield the base material and high temperature protect the source. The present work is focused on Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) material with a thickness of 500 microns. Is a bond coat which is used a plasma spray Tanique for costed on the required surface. Experimental analysis is carried out on a diesel engine with diesel and Mahua biodiesel with different loading conditions. This study results to expose that brake thermal efficiency is bigger along with lessening of BSFC. The LHR engine reduces the Hydro carbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions drastically but the Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission is increased.
Applications of Lean Tools for Compressor Assembly Line
Authors: Borgave Sanket , Sapkal Sagar
Published: December 2020

In last decades, competition between several industries to deliver high quality products is marginally increasing in terms of costs and performance. Lean manufacturing is one of those activities, which focus on the reduction of cost by eliminating non value adding activities. The general idea behind Lean manufacturing is to eliminate non value adding activities which again leads to eliminate waste. Higher flexibility, better quality and effective production system the manufacturer requires new ideas on production line. All the Lean tools are used to implement newer ideas into production line which improves the overall production process. This Paper addresses the application of lean manufacturing philosophy to the compressor assembly line of a well-known industry. In this paper, Failure Mode Effective Analysis, Value Stream Analysis and Takt time are the lean tools effectively integrated resulting in the improvement in terms of cycle time, space available, distance travelled by worker and productivity which leads to delivering the customer demand within time.
Effect of Irregularities on Seismic Performance of High Rise Structures
Authors: Allena Prasanna , Bhavani Chowdary T
Published: December 2020

This Paper describes about effect of mass irregularity in regular and irregular high rise structure under seismic loads. These Irregularities refer to abrupt change of geometry, mass, strength and stiffness as well. This leads to uneven distribution of forces and their corresponding deformation over the height of structure. Performing dynamic analysis and comparing the responses of Mass irregularity taken at various stories of regular and irregular buildings. Various aspects such as Modal periods, Modal frequencies, Story drifts, and Response of Time history graphs are drawn while these structures are subjected to Mass irregularity and seismic loads.
Damage Detection in Composite Materials Using Lamb Wavemethod
Authors: Naresh Kumar S , Srikanth K , Subbaratnam B , Jena Shakti P
Published: December 2020

A composite material is a material which is made up of two or more constituent materials with variation in theirphysical or chemical properties that, when combined it produce a material withdifferent characteristics from the individual components. The individual components remain separate and distinct within the finished structure, differentiating composites from mixtures and solid solutions. Glass fiber is a material which consisting of numerous extremely fine fibers of glass. In this project both E-glass and S-glass materials were analyzed by using CAE tool abacus to detect damages of each material, and calculating results like stress, displacements, for both objects with and without damage, by knowing all these results with suitable tables and graphs project can be concluded e-glass and s-glass material behavior.
Consequence modeling of Ethyl Acetate storage tank
Authors: Phanindra K. Harisivasri , Rao M. Sreenivasa , Sivapirakasam S.P. , Cheepu Muralimohan
Published: December 2020

Consequence modeling of ethyl acetate 40 KL aboveground storage tank was carried out under different scenarios. The toxic concentration of ethyl acetate beyond IDLH (i.e. 2000 ppm) covered up to 23 meters from the release source when there was a leak that occurred 2 inches from the bottom of the tank. The flammable vapor cloud enveloped up to 13 meters from the release source when the concentration of ethyl acetate was beyond 60% of LEL (i.e.13080 ppm). The mass of the fire ball was considered as 100% in order to get the worst case scenario during BLEVE. Based on the mass of the methyl acetate the diameter and duration of the fire ball was 190 meters and 12 seconds respectively during BELVE.
Influence of rotational speed on the dissimilar friction welding of heat-treated aluminum alloys
Authors: Ravi Chandra G. , Venukumar S. , Cheepu Muralimohan
Published: December 2020

Union of dissimilar alloys by means of welding processes is often challenging than union of like material or alloys. The trivial distinction in mechanical, metallurgical and formation of alloys lead in major changes in the welded joints. Friction welding can be implemented effectively to unite a much wide variety of dissimilar materials. It efficiently resolves so many complex issues in front of contemporary manufacturing, like recuperating quality, dipping costs and safeguarding the environs. It produces the high strength joints compared to fusion welding process. The properties of the welded joints contingent on the right assortment of the welding parameters. In this investigation, the effect of rotational speed on mechanical properties was assessed by tensile, microhardness tests and weld flash appearance of friction welded joint of aluminium alloy 6063-O and aluminium alloy 6063-T6.
Highly reflective optical nanocavities for structural coloration by combining broadband absorber and Fabry–Pérot effects
Authors: Rossi Stefano , Jonsson Magnus P
Published: December 2020

Reflective structural colors are of interest for many applications as alternatives to dyes and pigments and many different solutions have been proposed. The ideal systems should provide high reflectance efficiency while keeping good chromaticity and offering tunability throughout the visible spectral range. It is challenging to achieve such combined features with a simple single structure. Here we address this challenge using a concept that combines the Fabry–Pérot effect with a broadband absorbing layer. Our easy-to-fabricate structures form highly reflective optical nanocavities with improved chromaticity throughout the visible compared with the two separate concepts. The addition of an additional cavity layer and a transparent top coating further improves the chromaticity and allows the formation of black surfaces.
Unconventional superconductivity as a quantum Kuramoto synchronization problem in random elasto-nuclear oscillator networks
Authors: Velasco V , Neto M B Silva
Published: December 2020

We formulate the problem of unconventional d − wave superconductivity, with phase fluctuations, pseudogap phenomenon, and local Cooper pairs, in terms of a synchronization problem in random, quantum dissipative, elasto-nuclear oscillator networks. The nodes of the network correspond to localized, collective quadrupolar vibrations of nuclei-like, elastic inhomogeneities embedded in a dissipative medium. Electrons interacting with such vibrations form local Cooper pairs, with a superfluid d − wave pseudogap Δ
PG
, due to an effective, short range attractive interaction of

d

x

2

−

y

2

character. Phase coherent, bulk superconductivity, with a d − wave gap Δ, is stabilized when the oscillator network is asymptotically entangled in a nearly decoherence-free environment. Phase coherence will in turn be destroyed, at T

c
, when the thermal noise becomes comparable to the coupling between oscillators, the superfluid density K. The 2Δ/k

B

T

c
ratio is a function of Kuramoto’s order parameter,

r
=

1
−

K

c

/

K

, for the loss of synchronization at K

c
, and is much larger than the nonuniversal 2Δ
PG
/k

B

T
* ratio, where T
* is the temperature at which Δ
PG
is completely destroyed by thermal fluctuations. We discuss our findings in connection to the available data for various unconventionally high-temperature superconductors.
Orientable hyperbolic 4-manifolds over the 120-cell
Authors: Ma Jiming , Zheng Fangting
Published: December 2020

Since there is no hyperbolic Dehn filling theorem for higher dimensions, it is challenging to construct explicit hyperbolic manifolds of small volume in dimension at least four. Here, we build up closed hyperbolic 4-manifolds of volume

34

π
2

3

⋅
16

\frac {34\pi ^2}{3}\cdot 16

by using the small cover theory. In particular, we classify all of the orientable four-dimensional small covers over the right-angled 120-cell up to homeomorphism; these are all with even intersection forms.
Homology spheres and property R
Authors: Kim Min Hoon , Park JungHwan
Published: December 2020

We present infinitely many homology spheres which contain two distinct knots whose

0
0

-surgeries are

S
1

×

S
2

S^1 \times S^2

. This resolves a question posed by Kirby and Melvin in

1978
1978

.
Free differential Galois groups
Authors: Bachmayr Annette , Harbater David , Hartmann Julia , Wibmer Michael
Published: December 2020

We study the structure of the absolute differential Galois group of a rational function field over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. In particular, we relate the behavior of differential embedding problems to the condition that the absolute differential Galois group is free as a proalgebraic group. Building on this, we prove Matzat’s freeness conjecture in the case that the field of constants is algebraically closed of countably infinite transcendence degree over

Q

\mathbb {Q}

. This is the first known case of the twenty year old conjecture.
Remote introductory pharmacy practice experiences focused on veterans prescribed chronic opioid therapy
Authors: Carr-Lopez Sian M , Strohecker Lorrie , Miyahara Randell , Mai Yvonne , Shek Allen
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Northern California Health Care System (NCHCS) uses a dashboard to identify monitoring needs for veterans prescribed chronic opioid therapy (COT). Schools of pharmacy require introductory pharmacy practice experiences (IPPEs); however, resources for providing IPPEs at medical facilities are limited. This article describes collaboration by a primary care service and a school of pharmacy to provide services for patients prescribed COT through remote access to the VA electronic health record (EHR) system.

Pharmacy students in a required population health IPPE provided clinical services for veterans remotely. Students were supervised by VA clinical pharmacists and granted remote EHR access privileges. Using personally owned laptops and VA cell phones, students performed prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) activities, reviewed urine drug screening (UDS) results, called patients to assess pain, and documented progress notes. Students completed an assessment on the first and final days of the experience; a retrospective analysis was conducted to examine differences in student knowledge of and confidence in providing COT-focused services. The dashboard scorecard and student workload were tracked over a 1-year period. In that year, 143 students wrote 7,001 PDMP notes, reviewed 6,130 UDS results, and documented 202 pain assessments. Statistically significant improvements were reported in students’ level of confidence in performing population health activities for patients prescribed COT, including interpreting PDMP and UDS results and talking with patients.

Conclusion

The ongoing collaboration provides real-world population management experiences for future pharmacists and supports monitoring requirements for veterans prescribed COT. The program has helped NCHCS accomplish its teaching mission without dedicating clinic workspace or computers and gain an additional team to address quality measures and support population health activities.
Intubator Performance and Contamination with the Use of Barrier Enclosure Devices: Results from a Simulated COVID-19 Resuscitation
Authors: Ben-Yakov Maxim , Price Courtney , Dharamsi Alia , Tawadrous Davy , Choi Joseph M
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Medical institutions are using barrier enclosure devices during intubation procedures and other aerosol-generating medical procedures without evidence of their effectiveness or usability, potentially compromising patient care, and provider safety. Our objective was to determine the degree of protection offered by these devices and explore other usability factors for two popular barrier systems.

Methods

A simulated trial comparing an intubation box, a frame and plastic tarp system, and unprotected intubation was performed in an academic emergency department. Ten emergency physicians were recruited to participate. Our primary outcome was the degree of contamination from secretions measured by average surface area exposed to phosphorescent material. Secondary outcomes included: laryngoscopy time and time to barrier application, unsuccessful intubation attempts, and usability ratings for each system. Descriptive statistics were reported for all variables of interest and a linear mixed model was used to analyze contamination and laryngoscopy time. Usability was captured through electronic questionnaires using a five-point Likert scale.

Results

Contamination was more prevalent with the box, compared to the frame and tarp, and no device, however, this did not achieve statistical significance (13.2% versus 8.1% versus 12.2%, P = 0.17). A barrier system delayed intubation when compared to using no system (no system = 24.4 s [95% CI 17.3–27.5], frame = 54.4 s [95% CI 13.8–95.0], box = 33.8 s [95% CI 21.4–46.1], P = 0.02). In assessing usability, 30% of users preferred the use of a box barrier, 40% of users preferred the frame, and 30% would not use either in future intubation.

Conclusions

Compared to no barrier protection, an intubation box enclosure offers limited additional protection. A frame and tarp system reduces exposure at the expense of visibility and operator comfort. Finally, barrier systems do not appear to have a clinically significant impact on airway management.
Bioinformatics resources facilitate understanding and harnessing clinical research of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ahsan Md Asif , Liu Yongjing , Feng Cong , Zhou Yincong , Ma Guangyuan , Bai Youhuang , Chen Ming
Published: December 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created an unprecedented threat to public health. The pandemic has been sweeping the globe, impacting more than 200 countries, with more outbreaks still lurking on the horizon. At the time of the writing, no approved drugs or vaccines are available to treat COVID-19 patients, prompting an urgent need to decipher mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and develop curative treatments. To fight COVID-19, researchers around the world have provided specific tools and molecular information for SARS-CoV-2. These pieces of information can be integrated to aid computational investigations and facilitate clinical research. This paper reviews current knowledge, the current status of drug development and various resources for key steps toward effective treatment of COVID-19, including the phylogenetic characteristics, genomic conservation and interaction data. The final goal of this paper is to provide information that may be utilized in bioinformatics approaches and aid target prioritization and drug repurposing. Several SARS-CoV-2-related tools/databases were reviewed, and a web-portal named OverCOVID (http://bis.zju.edu.cn/overcovid/) is constructed to provide a detailed interpretation of SARS-CoV-2 basics and share a collection of resources that may contribute to therapeutic advances. These information could improve researchers’ understanding of SARS-CoV-2 and help to accelerate the development of new antiviral treatments.
An end-to-end heterogeneous graph representation learning-based framework for drug–target interaction prediction
Authors: Peng Jiajie , Wang Yuxian , Guan Jiaojiao , Li Jingyi , Han Ruijiang , Hao Jianye , Wei Zhongyu , Shang Xuequn
Published: December 2020

Accurately identifying potential drug–target interactions (DTIs) is a key step in drug discovery. Although many related experimental studies have been carried out for identifying DTIs in the past few decades, the biological experiment-based DTI identification is still timeconsuming and expensive. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop effective computational methods for identifying DTIs. In this paper, we develop a novel ‘end-to-end’ learning-based framework based on heterogeneous ‘graph’ convolutional networks for ‘DTI’ prediction called end-to-end graph (EEG)-DTI. Given a heterogeneous network containing multiple types of biological entities (i.e. drug, protein, disease, side-effect), EEG-DTI learns the low-dimensional feature representation of drugs and targets using a graph convolutional networks-based model and predicts DTIs based on the learned features. During the training process, EEG-DTI learns the feature representation of nodes in an end-to-end mode. The evaluation test shows that EEG-DTI performs better than existing state-of-art methods. The data and source code are available at: https://github.com/MedicineBiology-AI/EEG-DTI.
The iPPI-DB initiative: a community-centered database of protein–protein interaction modulators
Authors: Torchet Rachel , Druart Karen , Ruano Luis Checa , Moine-Franel Alexandra , Borges Hélène , Doppelt-Azeroual Olivia , Brancotte Bryan , Mareuil Fabien , Nilges Michael , Ménager Hervé , Sperandio Olivier
Published: December 2020

Motivation

One avenue to address the paucity of clinically testable targets is to reinvestigate the druggable genome by tackling complicated types of targets such as Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs). Given the challenge to target those interfaces with small chemical compounds, it has become clear that learning from successful examples of PPI modulation is a powerful strategy. Freely accessible databases of PPI modulators that provide the community with tractable chemical and pharmacological data, as well as powerful tools to query them, are therefore essential to stimulate new drug discovery projects on PPI targets.

Results

Here, we present the new version iPPI-DB, our manually curated database of PPI modulators. In this completely redesigned version of the database, we introduce a new web interface relying on crowdsourcing for the maintenance of the database. This interface was created to enable community contributions, whereby external experts can suggest new database entries. Moreover, the data model, the graphical interface, and the tools to query the database have been completely modernized and improved. We added new PPI modulators, new PPI targets and extended our focus to stabilizers of PPIs as well.

Availability and implementation

The iPPI-DB server is available at https://ippidb.pasteur.fr The source code for this server is available at https://gitlab.pasteur.fr/ippidb/ippidb-web/ and is distributed under GPL licence (http://www.gnu.org/licences/gpl). Queries can be shared through persistent links according to the FAIR data standards. Data can be downloaded from the website as csv files.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Does meditation lead to a stable mind? Synchronous stability and time-varying graphs in meditators
Authors: Toutain Thaise G , Baptista Abrahão F , Japyassú Hilton F , Rosário Raphael S , Porto Joel A , Campbell Fernanda Q , Miranda José Garcia V
Published: December 2020

The dynamical approach represents a new branch in the understanding of functional brain networks. Using simple indices to represent time connectivity and topological stability, we evaluated the hypothesis of increased brain stability during the meditative state in comparison to the relaxation state. We used a new way to consider the time evolution of synchronization patterns in electroencephalography (EEG) data. The time-varying graph approach and the motif synchronization method were combined to build a set of graphs representing time evolution for the synchronization of 29 EEG electrodes. We analysed these graphs during meditation and relaxation states in 17 experienced meditators. As result, we found significant increasing of time connectivity (t(15) $= -2.50$, p $= 0.023$) and topological stability (t(15) $= 1.23$, p $= 0.020$) in the meditation state when compared to the relaxation state. These findings suggest that dynamical properties of the synchronization network may revel aspects of brain activity in altered states of consciousness not possible to measure using a static approach. We concluded that the topological patterns evolution in the functional networks of experienced meditators are more stable in the meditative state than in the relaxation state.