bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Africa holds weak and strong cards to deal with the challenges of poverty on the continent
Authors: Nicol Martin
Published: December 2024

Twenty-five years ago, as a not-so-young economist, I worked as a diplomat for South Africa to promote trade and investment with Canada and the UK. We did not often meet with our African counterparts, as we were competitors, all trying to win over the same foreign investors and purchasers of our exports. In any event South Africa was not popular. It did not even get support from the rest of Africa when it bid to host the 2004 Olympic Games in Cape Town.
Language Learning form an Intercultural Perspective
Authors: Fernández Benavides Alejandro , Cruz Mosquera Andrea María , Castrillón Valderrama Catalina
Published: December 2024

Due to the highly globalized nature of communication and the increasing acknowledgement of the role of one’s social context in language learning, the intercultural dimension has increasingly been included in the EFL agenda. Nevertheless, the exploration of one’s own culture and local context still requires closer attention. Hence, this qualitative action-research study examines how ninth graders conceptualized their own culture and reflected upon their local cultural symbols and practices after the implementation of a pedagogic proposal based on an intercultural view of language teaching. Data were collected through surveys and class workshops. Thematic analysis was applied. Findings suggest that the students identified with Afro- Colombian culture and its symbolic representations. Furthermore, they discussed the meaning of Afro Culture and its diverse components. Similarly, some activities such as poster design, dancing performances, and oral presentations stood out as amongst the most useful to promote intercultural skills.
Habilidad metalingüística en inglés como L2 en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos
Authors: Maya Selene
Published: December 2024

El problema con las Pruebas de Juicio de Gramaticalidad en el campo de la adquisición de L2 es que los sujetos hacen juicios intuitivos sobre la precisión de la forma y gramática de oraciones individuales y descontextualizadas en L2. Este artículo replica un estudio empírico utilizando una Prueba de Juicio de Gramaticalidad no cronometrada en el software PychoPy, en el que se evalúa la habilidad metalingüística de 13 estudiantes universitarios para distinguir entre construcciones gramaticalmente correctas e incorrectas en L2. Los participantes emitieron juicios sobre 68 estructuras consideradas universalmente difíciles de adquirir entre los aprendientes (Ellis, 2005). Los resultados variaron según la habilidad metalingüística de los participantes, el tipo de error en las oraciones (morfológico o sintáctico) y la dificultad para adquirir estructuras complejas. El análisis la base de datos reveló que la emisión de juicios gramaticales no depende del nivel de competencia lingüística en inglés como L2, sino de la capacidad para reflexionar sobre las formas y significados del lenguaje. Se concluye que cuando los participantes procesan oraciones individuales y descontextualizadas en L2, detectan más fácilmente errores morfológicos que sintácticos y que la adquisición de la lengua no es lineal.
Approximation to the Use of the Color Vowel ®Approach to Foster 4th Graders’ Decoding Skills for Vowels /i:/, /u/, /eɪ/, and /aʊ/
Authors: Matus Isabel , Inostroza Araos María-Jesús
Published: December 2024

This action research study focuses on an approximation to the use of the Color Vowel ® approach to enhance learners’ decoding skills. Teaching young learners to read in a second language, identify spellings and sounds that may differ from their first language, and develop phonological awareness poses a significant and challenging task that demands thoughtful consideration. This study was conducted in a subsidized school in Talcahuano, Chile. Data was collected from a group of 4th-grade students using a checklist as a pre- and post-intervention test to analyze their decoding skills, along with a Likertscale and focus group to identify their perceptions on the use of the strategy. The results showed that the Color Vowel ®approach improved learners’ decoding skills, particularly in developing and accurately producing vowel sounds among 4thgraders. Additionally, the students expressed positive perceptions of this approach, highlighting the importance of learningEnglish pronunciation for their daily and future lives. These findings could shed light on the importance of explicit phonological awareness instruction, as well as the significance of considering young learners’ voices about the implications that language learning has on their lives.
Искусственный интеллект — это твое. Рец. на кн.: Ховард Дж., Гуггер С. Глубокое обучение с fastai и PyTorch: минимум формул, минимум кода, максимум эффективности. СПб.: Питер, 2022
Authors: Буханский Илья Игоревич
Published: December 2024

Книга разработчика и бизнес-аналитика Джереми Ховарда и инженера-исследователя в области науки о данных Сильвейна Гуггера, вышедшая в 2020 г. и переведенная на русский язык в 2022 г., представляет собой попытку доказать читателю, что он, вне зависимости от образования и профессии, способен самостоятельно обращаться к одной из знаковых технологии XXI века — искусственному интеллекту (ИИ) и создавать продукты с его использованием. В работе проведен тщательный анализ тенденций ИИ, рассмотрен ряд технологий, необходимых для эффективной деятельности в данной сфере; описаны этапы разработки проекта с ИИ от постановки проблемы и сбора данных до создания графического интерфейса и размещения приложения на сервере; раскрыты наиболее острые проблемы, связанные со все более широким применением ИИ в компаниях; актуализирован тезис о необходимости «этического» подхода при работе с ИИ. Основная часть книги посвящена объяснению программ, реализующих тот или иной механизм ИИ (точнее, ту или иную архитектуру нейросетей), этапов и принципов написания кода, посредством которого решается одна из заранее заданных практических проблем. Однако для читателя, не желающего погружаться в программирование, работа предлагает материалы о теории ИИ, о методах получения максимальной полезности от ИИ в случае, если вы заказчик, а не исполнитель проекта, о правилах предупреждения негативных последствий включения ИИ в деятельность фирмы, следование которым требуется не только от разработчиков, но и от всей команды, работающей над продуктом, включая директорат. Таким образом, рецензируемая книга может быть полезна для представителей неограниченного круга профессий, должностей и интересов.
Соавтор, помощник, муза, инструмент: как студенты, преподаватели и представители креативных индустрий видят роль ИИ в своих практиках
Authors: Кушкин Никита Александрович , Тимофеева Оксана Александровна
Published: December 2024

Искусственный интеллект (ИИ) уже давно стал частью нашей жизни, но открытие в 2022 г. массового доступа к ChatGPT и Midjourney вывело дискуссию о нем на новый уровень. В статье рассматривается восприятие студентами, преподавателями и представителями креативных индустрий ИИ как технологии в целом, а также его возможных ролей и практик использования.
Эмпирическую базу статьи составляют результаты исследования «Пространство соучастия 2023: на пороге нейросетевой революции», проведенного Центром цифровых культур и медиаграмотности НИУ ВШЭ. Главным методом сбора данных стало онлайн-анкетирование студентов, преподавателей и представителей креативных индустрий в Москве, Перми, Новосибирске, Нижнем Новгороде и Санкт-Петербурге в 2023 г. Кроме статистического анализа данных, применялись лемматизация и элементы восходящей стратегии нарративного анализа.
Исследование показало, что у всех респондентов есть свое ви́дение ИИ и личный опыт взаимодействия с ним. Исходя из ответов, можно говорить о макро- и микроуровнях восприятия ИИ, о его метафизичности, инструментальности, воображаемости и контекстуальности, а также обусловленности основной сферой деятельности. Представители креативных индустрий чаще всего задумываются о том, станет ли ИИ полноценным соавтором или останется всего лишь помощником. Студенты демонстрируют довольно широкий набор ролей ИИ, выполнение которых для них приемлемо, а также не боятся пробовать применять инновацию в большом количестве ситуаций. Преподаватели наиболее консервативны и осторожны как в своих опытах с ИИ, так и в его оценках.
Главным словом, которое используется в коллокации с ИИ, стало «помощь». По большей части респонденты видят в новой технологии помощника для выполнения рутинных задач, который позволит заниматься более интересными вещами. При этом качество и скорость действий ИИ вызывают у респондентов тревогу и эсхатологические мысли о собственном будущем.
Оптимизация научной деятельности через интеграцию ИИ: нейронные сети как инструмент в работе с академической литературой
Authors: Телицына Александра Юрьевна
Published: December 2024

В статье представлены аспекты интеграции технологий искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) в научную деятельность в области общественных наук. Автор приводит конкретные методики, инструменты и примеры использования ИИ для анализа библиографии и иного текстового контента, а также дает характеристики различным инструментам ИИ и подробно останавливается на их возможностях в области создания научных статей — от подготовки данных до интерпретации результатов и написания текста. В работе уделяется внимание не только техническим аспектам, но и этическим вопросам, связанным с использованием ИИ в обработке данных.
Благодарность. Работа осуществлена в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ.
Ética y derecho en la inteligencia artificial y en la edición del genoma humano
Authors: Torres Assiego Covadonga
Published: December 2024

Esta monografía explora los desafíos éticos y jurídicos que plan­tea la Cuarta Revolución Industrial, enfocándose en tecnologías avanzadas como la inteligencia artificial y la edición genómica. A medida que estas herramientas redefinen conceptos de identidad, pri­vacidad y dignidad, el derecho se enfrenta a la tarea de ofrecer marcos normativos que salvaguarden los derechos humanos en un contexto de movimientos disruptivos.

A través de un análisis detallado, la obra examina el papel de principios fundamentales como la dignidad humana y la autonomía de la volun­tad, esenciales en el Derecho Comunitario y en la Carta de Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea. También se abordan los desafíos de aplicar el principio de precaución en un entorno donde la biotecno­logía y la inteligencia artificial avanzan sin una legislación específica que regule de manera preventiva sus posibles riesgos. En este sentido, la monografía analiza cómo la normativa europea intenta mitigar estas vulnerabilidades mediante regulaciones pioneras, como el Reglamento de Inteligencia Artificial y el Reglamento General de Protección de Da­tos, destinados a proteger la privacidad y garantizar la no discrimina­ción en el ámbito algorítmico.

Con una estructura que combina la teoría y la práctica jurídica, esta obra invita a reflexionar sobre el equilibrio entre innovación y control ético, proponiendo un marco regulador flexible que permita la evolu­ción tecnológica sin comprometer los valores esenciales de la sociedad. Con esta monografía, se intenta aportar luz a un nuevo y apasionado campo del conocimiento que tiene tanto que aportarnos. Se nos ofrece la oportunidad de embarcarnos en un viaje hacia lo inexplorado.
Impact of water deficit on the anatomical structure of more productive and less productive cashew trees (Anacardium occidentale L.) in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Ky Abdoul Rahim Falk , Konaté Mory Latif , Kouamé N'Guessan François
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to understand the mechanism of resilience of the anatomical tissues of organs of the cashew tree in water deficit in the different climatic zones of Côte d'Ivoire. To achieve this, samples of leaves and roots were taken from 55 cashew trees considered high producers (APHP) and 164 neighboring less productive trees (non-APHP) during the dry and rainy seasons. The technique of double staining with green-carmino made it possible to obtain anatomical sections of transversely cut samples under an optical microscope. The thicknesses and surface areas of the sections were measured using Image J software. The thickness of the leaves parenchymas of APHP trees did not show any variation according to the season while the stomatal density increased during the dry season. The thickness of the leaves cortical and medullary parenchymas of non-APHP trees did not show any variation according to the season too but the non-APHPs’ palisade parenchyma thickness increased while their lacunar parenchyma thickness decreased from 37 ± 1.5 mm to 36 ± 3.6 mm during the dry season. The thickness of leaves’ both sides epidermis increased while the thickness of xylem bundles decreased during the dry season to both APHP and non-APHP trees. The number of the roots’ xylem vessels of APHP trees increased from 11 to 27 vessels/mm2 while those of non-APHP trees increased from 15 to 41 vessels/mm2 during the rainy season. The surface area of the midrib medullary parenchyma of APHP trees increased from 4300 ± 837 mm2 to 5800 ± 412 mm2 while those of non-APHP trees increased from 3400  ± 809 mm2 to 5200 ± 993 mm2 during the dry season. The thicknesses of the tissues of APHPs remained greater than those of non-APHPs, regardless of the sampling season.
Students in the third space: constructions of knowledge of foreign law in legal translations from German into Danish
Authors: Engberg Jan
Published: December 2024

In this paper, I want to investigate the variations in the translations produced by a group of students translating the same source text. The aim of the study is to investigate the degree to which it is possible to empirically find traces of Third Space characteristics of legal translation of court decisions between Danish and German. A corpus of 22 translations is investigated for patterns followed by the students, with a special view to assessing the degree to which they choose similar renderings of the source text elements. A central result of the empirical study is that there is a considerable degree of variation across the studied translation students and that a general distinction between strategies guarding source text complexity in content and form, on the one hand, and strategies making the rendering of the source text in the target text culture more accessible for target text readers.
Video-Oculography for Enhancing the Diagnostic Accuracy of Early Oculomotor Dysfunction in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Chovatiya Harshad , Pillai Kanchana , Reddy Chakradhar , Thalakkattu Amiya , Avarachan Ayana , Chacko Manas , Kishore Asha
Published: December 2024

Objective Oculomotor impairment is an important diagnostic feature of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and PSP subtypes. We assessed the role of video-oculography (VOG) in confirming clinically suspected slow saccades in PSP and differentiating PSP from Parkinson’s disease (PD). We also measured the correlation of both saccadic velocity and latency in PSP patients with scores on the PSP Rating Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and frontal assessment battery. We assessed the frequency of apraxia of eyelid opening (ALO) and reflex blepharospasm in PSP and PD patients.Methods A total of 112 PSP patients with slow saccades but not gaze palsy, 50 PD patients, and 50 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. The Movement Disorders Society task force-PSP and PD criteria were used for the diagnoses. All the subjects underwent VOG.Results Horizontal and vertical saccadic velocities and latencies differentiated PSP patients from PD patients and HCs (p<0.001). Vertical saccadic velocity and latency accurately differentiated PSP with predominant parkinsonism (PSP-P) patients from PD patients (p<0.001 and 0.012, respectively). A couple of vertical and horizontal saccadic velocities differentiated PSP-Richardson’s syndrome (PSP-RS) patients from PSP-P patients (vertical velocity of left eye: p=0.024; horizontal velocity of right eye: p=0.030). In vertical gaze, the mean velocity cutoff showed good sensitivity and specificity in differentiating PSP patients from HCs and PD patients. Prolonged horizontal gaze latency was associated with more severe PSP and worse global cognitive and frontal dysfunction. ALO and reflex blepharospasm were observed only in PSP patients.Conclusion VOG is useful for confirming slow saccades in PSP-RS and PSP-P patients and for differentiating PSP-P patients from PD patients. Prolonged horizontal gaze latency was associated with more severe PSP and worse cognitive dysfunction. ALO and reflex blepharospasm were observed only in PSP patients.
Developing a framework for understanding diagnostic reconciliation based on evidence review, stakeholder engagement, and practice evaluation
Authors: Algarin Perneth Sandra , Perez Rodriguez Garcia Gilberto , Brito Juan P. , Gandhi Tejal , Bylund Carma L. , Hargraves Ian G. , Singh Ospina Naykky
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Diagnostic reconciliation is the collaborative process between patients and clinicians to create and reconcile evidence-based, feasible, and desirable care plans. However, the specific components of this process remain unclear. The objective of this study was to develop the first comprehensive framework to elucidate the diagnostic reconciliation process.

Methods

We followed a multi-step and iterative approach to develop the framework, including a focused systematic review of diagnostic conversations, quantitative evaluation of recordings of real-life clinical visits recordings, and stakeholder engagement (e.g., patients, clinicians, researchers).

Results

We identified 17 potential components to the process of diagnostic reconciliation through literature review and stakeholder engagement. After review of 56 clinical visits and further stakeholder engagement, we developed a final framework including four categories: 1) understanding the need for a test/referral, 2) logistics of test/referral scheduling, 3) test/referral information, and 4) test/referral results.

Conclusions

The proposed framework lays the foundation for evaluation and improvement of diagnostic conversations in practice. Clinicians can enhance patient-centered diagnosis by co-creating diagnostic plans of care in practice and using the components described in the novel diagnostic reconciliation framework.
Menstrual disorder and its treatment seeking among adolescent girls in India: evidence from nationwide survey
Authors: Chokhandre Praveen Kailash , Vatavati Shrikanta R. , Pundappanavar Basavaraj I. , Hallad Jyoti S.
Published: December 2024

Background

Adolescents make up 18 % of India’s total population, with 116 million being girls. Most research has focused on menstrual health and hygiene practices, with limited studies on menstrual pain/disorder (MPD) among adolescent girls using micro-level data from specific regions of India.

Objectives

This study aims to investigate the prevalence of menstrual pain/distress, its treatment-seeking behavior, and its associated predictors among adolescent girls.

Methods

The study employed data from a cross-sectional study design and interviewed 6,715 adolescent girls from 16 major States of India.

Results

The prevalence of MPD among adolescent girls was 61.8 %. Of these, a higher proportion of girls reported severe abdominal/back pain (90 %), followed by severe distress/irritation (26 %) and heavy bleeding (21 %). Findings suggest that girls who were educated about menstrual health were more likely to identify MPD and seek its treatment. Regarding treatment seeking for MPD, surprisingly, only about 14.3 % of girls sought treatment from health personnel, while 61 percent did not seek treatment at all. Home remedies (57 %), medical shops (25 %), and frontline workers or primary health centers (20 %) were found to be the preferred source of treatment. The prevalence of MPD and its treatment-seeking varies significantly by socio-economic characteristics.

Conclusions

The findings underscore the importance of providing menstrual health education and raising awareness of early identification and treatment-seeking among adolescent girls. The Government of India’s efforts in initiating Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health (ARSH) and Rashtriya Kishor Swasthaya Karyakram (RKSK) programs are noteworthy. Having sufficient and well-trained peer educators can accelerate the process of health education and generate demand for healthcare services.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus results from a novel in-frame deletion of AVPR2 gene in monozygotic-twin boys and their mother and grandmother
Authors: Qin Shengfang , Luo Zemin , Wang Jin , Wang Xueyan , Chen Ximin , Ye Mengling , Leng Xiangyou
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Mutations in the AVPR2 gene are the most common cause of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). In-frame deletions of the AVPR2 gene are a rare variant that results in NDI. We report a novel variant of the p.H138del in an NDI family with twin male patients and three female carriers of different clinical phenotypes.

Methods

The proband’s blood genome was sequenced with a panel, and the variants were classified according to ACMG/AMP (2015) guidelines. X chromosome inactivation (XCI) was analyzed in the peripheral blood of his mother, grandmother, and maternal aunt, respectively. The haplotypes of the X chromosome were determined using their STR loci.

Results

A novel in-frame deletion in the AVPR2 gene was detected in monozygotic-twin boys, and his mother, grandmother, and maternal aunt were heterozygous carriers. The two boys showed typical NDI, and their mother and grandmother presented polydipsia, polydipsia, and polyuria, but the maternal aunt did not have similar symptoms. The blood XCI results of the mother, grandmother, and maternal aunt showed random inactivation (36.18 , 48.37, and 49.30 %, respectively). The X haplotype indicated that the variant of the mother and grandmother was on their activated X chromosomes(Xa), while the maternal aunt’s variant was on her inactivated X chromosome(Xi).

Conclusions

In-frame deletion of the AVPR2 gene within its functional domain can significantly affect protein function, which is one of the vital causes of NDI. The clinical variability of female carriers of AVPR2 is associated with underlying environmental and epigenetic factors or complex recombination of the X chromosomes.
Exploring L2 graduate writers’ identity construction in research writing practices: a symbolic interactionism perspective
Authors: Peng Yujie
Published: December 2024

Research on identity construction among second language (L2) writers has revealed the dynamic interactions between L2 writers and the linguistic, textual, and social resources. However, how emerging scholarly writers construct their identities during their initial attempts at English research writing remains underexplored. To address this gap, the study investigated how two L2 graduate writers constructed their identities during the microprocess of writing their thesis proposals, using a symbolic interactionism perspective. Drawing on multiple data sources, the study found that, through their engagement with textual and social practices, the participants explored and interpreted their roles as scholarly writers, researchers, and graduate students. By interacting with peers, instructors, and advisors within their communities of practice, they each developed unique identities through passive or agentive role-taking and even active role-making. The findings underscore the dynamic, interactive process by which L2 graduate writers negotiated their roles and constructed their identities in the microprocesses of English research writing. The study also highlights the potential of symbolic interactionism as a framework for revealing the meanings underlying interactions between individuals and their social or textual practices.
Burials and Rituals in the La Tène Period: The Quadrangular Enclosure from Němčice
Authors: Čižmář Ivan , Čižmářová Hana , Hajnalová Mária , Křivánek Roman , Lisá Lenka , Popelka Miroslav , Roblíčková Martina , Sankot Pavel , Venclová Natalie
Published: December 2024

The central agglomeration Němčice in Moravia gave the name – the Němčice/Roseldorf type – to the entire gradually recognised group of large lowland settlements with production and distribution functions existing in La Tène Europe in the 3rd–2nd century BC. In addition to settlement and production features, several ditched quadrangular enclosures were also identified at the Němčice settlement. One of these, feature 525, was investigated in 2022. The history of the enclosure is demonstrated by finds and structures found in its inner space and from the individual layers of the fill of its ditch, which document development from the burial and perhaps other ritual functions of the enclosure ending with the deposition of fragments of weapons in the ditch, up to the incorporation of the feature into the space used for settlement activities. Ditched quadrangular enclosures, as are known besides Němčice especially from Roseldorf in eastern Austria and from other settlements in the corridor of the Amber Road, reflect significant changes in the ritual behaviour of the La Tène population in Central Europe in this period.
Numerical solutions and conservation laws for nonlinear evolution equations
Authors: Anisha  , Rohila Rajni
Published: December 2024

This paper presents numerical solutions of nonlinear evolution equations using a hybrid collocation method. Nonlinear evolution equations, including the regularized long wave (RLW) equation and the modified regularized long wave (MRLW) equation, play a crucial role in modeling various physical phenomena. A hybrid collocation technique is used for estimating and examining the characteristics of the solitary waves, including their shape, structure, and propagation. The Crank–Nicolson method is used for time discretization and the hybrid collocation method for space discretization. The Fourier series analysis has been used to analyze the stability of the proposed method, and it is established that the hybrid collocation method is unconditionally stable. The accuracy of the proposed scheme is checked by computing the error norm L
∞ and the three invariants. The novelty of the method lies in deriving new approximations for the second derivative and applying it on time-dependent nonlinear partial differential equations. A comparison with existing techniques in the literature is conducted to check the improvements in results. The numerical outcomes show that the proposed scheme effectively depicts the conservation laws of solitary waves. The values of three invariants at different time levels have been shown to coincide with their analytical values. The propagation of one, two, and three solitary waves, development of the Maxwellian initial condition into one, two, and more solitary waves, and wave undulations have been illustrated graphically. The method captures the collisions between solitary waves very accurately. Our findings demonstrate that the new cubic B-spline approach offers an accurate and effective solution for the nonlinear evolution equations.
A first-principles investigation of XZn2Si2 (X = Ca, Sr, Ba) Zintl compounds: structural, elastic, electrical, optical and thermoelectric properties
Authors: Zaman Kashif , Khan Abbas , Ismail Muhammad , Abualnaja Khamael M. , Chaudhry Aijaz Rasool
Published: December 2024

These days, researchers are digging deep into the Zintl family of chemicals to uncover its many useful physical characteristics. Using a first-principles approach, this study investigates novel Zintl family XZn2Si2 (X = Ca, Sr, Ba) compounds for their different properties. The structural and electrical properties are represented by PBE-GGA and TB-mBJ potentials, respectively. The equilibrium structural parameters, which change with ionic radii, are obtained by optimization. The computations of the elastic constants confirmed the mechanical stability of the compounds. Elastic moduli, melting temperature, hardness, Debye temperature and acoustic properties are widely described. The compounds’ elastic anisotropy also discussed and extensively. The three compounds’ metallic origin was disclosed by their band structures. Chemicals exhibiting a high degree of valence band p-d hybridization. The compounds exhibit a combination of ionic and covalent bonding. In order to study the interaction between light and matter, the optical reflectivity, optical conductivity, and absorption coefficient are computed. In contrast to other compounds, CaZn2Si2 exhibits n-type transport. Among the compounds, CaZn2Si2 has the best figure of merit and may find use in thermoelectric devices.
The Hascherkeller rectangular farmstead and its implications for Hallstatt social complexity
Authors: Saile Thomas , Reitmaier Florian , Posselt Martin , Denk Isabella
Published: December 2024

Enclosed rectangular farmsteads from the Hallstatt period in Central Europe are often cast as the seats of high-status farmers, whose land and social standing could be inherited and consolidated. Excavations at Landshut-Hascherkeller in Bavaria reveal the developmental trajectory of one such site through the stratigraphic disentanglement of its numerous ditches. Here, the authors argue that the coalescence of two rectangular farmsteads into a larger settlement complex at Hascherkeller reflects the union of neighbouring families and the resultant massing of status. The article situates this process in a segmented social system that counterpoints the typified Hallstatt hierarchy, suggesting that two social structures coexisted in the Hallstatt culture.
Especificidades das respostas de micro, pequenas e médias empresas turísticas em contexto de crise
Authors: Aparecida Rossi Bastos Ananda , Assis Feitosa Paulo Henrique
Published: December 2024

A pandemia da COVID-19 gerou um contexto de crise nos negócios devido à imposição de restrições de movimentação, limites à capacidade de viagens e diminuição drástica da demanda, especialmente no setor turístico.a) Objetivos do estudo: O estudo buscou responder se houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas respostas frente à COVID-19 de micro, pequenas e médias empresas, MPMEs, do setor turístico comparativamente a MPMEs de outros setores econômicos.b) Metodologia: Para analisar um conjunto único de dados de 6.138 MPMEs brasileiras, adotou-se um método quase-experimental com a composição de um grupo de tratamento, formado pelas MPMEs atuantes no ramo de turismo, e um grupo de controle, composto por MPMEs dos demais setores. Para minimizar possíveis vieses relacionados à heterogeneidade própria das MPMEs e dos respectivos responsáveis, realizou-se um pareamento entre os participantes de cada grupo. Em seguida, aplicou-se o teste 𝑡 para avaliar se existiam diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as médias dos grupos.c) Principais resultados: Os achados revelaram diferenças observáveis entre os grupos de tratamento e controle. Contudo, após o pareamento, o tratamento pelo teste 𝑡 não apontou diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos efeitos de atuar no ramo de turismo ou nos demais ramos nas variáveis analisadas.d) Contribuições acadêmicas: Apesar da abundância de literatura sobre como organizações respondem a crises e choques externos, estudos empíricos são menos comuns, logo, esse estudo contribuiu para a compreensão mais completa do fenômeno.e) Contribuições práticas: Considerando a escassez de recursos e atenção, o estudo é um instrumento de apoio ao desenvolvimento de políticas e estratégias específicas para as empresas do setor turístico.
Low-Cost Approaches in Neuroscience to Teach Machine Learning Using a Cockroach Model
Authors: Truong Vincent , Moore Johnathan E. , Ricoy Ulises M. , Verpeut Jessica L.
Published: December 2024

In an effort to increase access to neuroscience education in underserved communities, we created an educational program that utilizes a simple task to measure place preference of the cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) and the open-source free software, SLEAP Estimates Animal Poses (SLEAP) to quantify behavior. Cockroaches (n = 18) were trained to explore a linear track for 2 min while exposed to either air, vapor, or vapor with nicotine from a port on one side of the linear track over 14 d. The time the animal took to reach the port was measured, along with distance traveled, time spent in each zone, and velocity. As characterizing behavior is challenging and inaccessible for nonexperts new to behavioral research, we created an educational program using the machine learning algorithm, SLEAP, and cloud-based (i.e., Google Colab) low-cost platforms for data analysis. We found that SLEAP was within a 0.5% margin of error when compared with manually scoring the data. Cockroaches were found to have an increased aversive response to vapor alone compared with those that only received air. Using SLEAP, we demonstrate that thex–ycoordinate data can be further classified into behavior using dimensionality-reducing clustering methods. This suggests that the linear track can be used to examine nicotine preference for the cockroach, and SLEAP can provide a fast, efficient way to analyze animal behavior. Moreover, this educational program is available for free for students to learn a complex machine learning algorithm without expensive hardware to study animal behavior.
The Story Behind the Biology
Authors: Clough Michael P.
Published: December 2024

Students possess many misconceptions about the nature of science and science practices that hinder robust understanding of science content, diminish interest in science learning, make science appear as an uninteresting career option, and exacerbate distrust of science. With National Science Foundation funding, freely and easily accessible historically accurate short stories have been created that bring science and scientists to life; accurately illustrating the work of scientists and how scientific knowledge is developed and becomes well established. This article presents the project’s biology stories, and focuses on the classroom implementation of one story to illustrate mediation strategies that draw students’ attention to targeted nature of science and science practices. Research supporting the efficacy of this approach is summarized.
The Science Teacher as Storyteller
Authors: Heering Peter
Published: December 2024

In this contribution, the Flensburg approach toward storytelling in science education is described with possible applications. In this approach, a particular emphasis is placed on the oral narration in the classroom. As a result, we provide in this contribution both materials for developing a story to be told in the classroom as well as several recommendations how to develop the skills involved in narrating a science story.
Development of Pythagorean Theorem Content Worksheets Based on Creative Problem Solving to Facilitate Mathematical Reasoning Skills
Authors: Suanto Elfis , Rianti Efni , Armis Armis , Zulnaidi Hutkemri
Published: December 2024

Mathematical reasoning ability is one of the most important parts of mathematics learning. However, the facts show that students' mathematical reasoning ability is still low, especially in the context of the Pythagorean theorem. One attempt to facilitate this is using students' worksheets based on creative problem solving (CPS). This research aims to develop valid and practical student' worksheets. It refers to the 4D development model, which includes defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. The instruments used are validation and practicality questionnaire sheets. The results of the validity assessment of students' worksheets were very valid, with an average percentage of 95,07%. The results of the practicality assessment of students' worksheets were very practical, with an average rate of 89,38%. Thus, it is in accord with the valid and practical requirements, so the worksheet is usable. This research aims to make it easier for students to build knowledge independently in mathematics learning so that mathematical reasoning abilities can be facilitated.
Kemampuan penalaran matematis (KPM) menjadi salah satu aspek yang terpenting dalam pembelajaran matematika, namun fakta menunjukkan KPM peserta didik masih rendah khususnya pada konten teorema Pythagoras. Salah satu upaya untuk memfasilitasi masalah tersebut dengan menggunakan Lembar kerja peserta didik (LEMBAR KERJA SISWA) berbasis Creative Problem Solving (CPS). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan LEMBAR KERJA SISWA yang valid dan praktis. Penelitian pengembangan ini mengacu pada model pengembangan 4D yang meliputi define, design, develop, dan disseminate. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket validasi dan angket praktikalitas. Hasil analisis data angket validasi diperoleh bahwa LEMBAR KERJA SISWA dikategorikan sangat valid dengan persentase rata-rata yaitu 95,07%. Hasil analisis data angket praktikalitas diperoleh bahwa LEMBAR KERJA SISWA dikategorikan sangat praktis dengan persentase rata-rata yaitu 89,38%. Maka, LEMBAR KERJA SISWA pada penelitian ini telah memenuhi syarat valid dan praktis sehingga dapat digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempermudah peserta didik dalam membangun pengetahuan secara mandiri pada pembelajaran matematika sehingga kemampuan penalaran matematis dapat terfasilitasi.
Reconstruction of Legal Protection for Civil Servants as Whistleblowers in Eradicating Corruption Crimes in Indonesia
Authors: Hariz Austin Al , Nugroho Hibnu , Ridwan Ridwan
Published: December 2024

Corruption in Indonesia remains a pervasive and deeply entrenched issue, severely undermining public trust, hindering development, and destabilizing governance. Addressing corruption requires robust mechanisms, especially the protection of whistleblowers—particularly civil servants (Aparatur Sipil Negara, ASN)—who play a critical role in exposing corruption within public institutions. However, ASN whistleblowers face significant challenges, including retaliation, lack of legal protections, insufficient reporting channels, and limited incentives, which hinder their effectiveness and deter reporting. This study investigates the existing legal frameworks for protecting ASN whistleblowers, assessing their implementation and effectiveness, and proposing necessary reforms. Through qualitative legal research, including primary and secondary legal materials and interviews with key informants, the research identifies significant shortcomings in Indonesia's whistleblower protection laws. These gaps—such as inadequate safeguards, procedural inefficiencies, and limited institutional support—expose whistleblowers to retaliation, weakening anti-corruption efforts. The findings emphasize the urgent need for comprehensive legal reforms to enhance whistleblower protection, ensuring their safety, security, and empowerment. By filling this critical gap, the study contributes to strengthening Indonesia’s anti-corruption initiatives and highlights the essential role of whistleblowers in fostering transparency and accountability. This research calls for policymakers to prioritize whistleblower protection as a core component of the nation’s anti- corruption strategy, offering actionable recommendations to improve legal frameworks and institutional support. In doing so, it underscores the need for urgent reforms to combat corruption and promote a culture of accountability in Indonesia’s public sector.
A Russian Abroad: Tolstoy’s Short Story “Lucerne” in Dostoevsky’s Novel “The Adolescent”
Authors: Dimitriev Viktor
Published: December 2024

In Dostoevsky’s novel “The Adolescent” (1875), the experience of the “Russian abroad” is depicted within a broad literary context, particularly regarding the sources of Versilov’s character. Scholarly literature often highlights the influence of figures such as Pyotr Yo. Chaadaev, Vladimir S. Pecherin, and Alexander I. Herzen in this regard. However, Tolstoyan sources also play a significant role in shaping Versilov. This article argues that Versilov’s character is polemically aligned not only with Konstantin Levin from Tolstoy’s “Anna Karenina” but also with Dmitry Nekhliudoff from Tolstoy’s “Lucerne: From the Recollections of Prince D. Nekhliudoff” (1857). The connection to Levin is well-documented, supported by preparatory materials and prior studies of Tolstoyan context in “The Adolescent” by Alfred L. Bem, Arkady S. Dolinin, Lia M. Rosenblum, and Evgeny I. Semenov. The connection to Nekhliudoff is substantiated by a passage from Versilov’s confession, where he expresses a newfound desire abroad to bring happiness to a specific individual rather than “some casual German, man or woman.” This sentiment seems to allude to Nekhliudoff’s act of charity toward the Tyrolean in “Lucerne”. Additional evidence includes Versilov’s familiarity with Tolstoy’s works, from the autobiographical trilogy to the serialized “Anna Karenina”, as shown in the drafts of “The Adolescent”. This allusion also engages in dialogue with other instances of Tolstoyan and Herzenian texts in “The Adolescent” and “A Writer’s Diary” (e. g., “Old People” and the series of articles on “Anna Karenina”). The “Russian wanderer” and the type of “world-wide compassion for all” correspond to Dostoevsky’s idea of emigrants since birth, as he calls Herzen, or spiritual vagabonds, as he calls Tolstoy’s heroes. Dostoevsky frequently employed the concept of “emigration” as a metaphor in both his fiction and journalistic works.
Economic theory: formation and development of educational and scientific potential of Ukrainian theoretical economic science and classical university education
Authors:   Kyiv National University named after Taras Shevchenko, Hrazhevska Nadiіa , Nesterenko Olena ,   Kyiv National University named after Taras Shevchenko
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of the formation and development of the educational and scientific potential of the Department of Economic Theory, Macro- and Microeconomics of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, which is the successor of the Department of Political Economy and Statistics, founded at St. Volodymyr's University in 1842. The aim of the article is to reveal the patterns of the historically conditioned process of forming the educational and scientific potential of the Department and its influence on the formation and development of Ukrainian theoretical economic science and classical university economic education.
The principles of historicism, objectivity, and a systemic approach are used. The historical-evolutionary approach in the analysis of empirical material ensures the consideration of the specific historical situation. The systemic approach in the study of factual material makes it possible to avoid the bias in the selection of facts and their interpretation. A comprehensive analysis of the research object and the analytical approach are supplemented by retrospective analysis and content analysis.
The authors reveal the department’s powerful contribution to the development of Ukrainian economic science and education, the process of spreading economic knowledge, training highly qualified specialists, business practice, and reforming socio-economic relations. The article describes the substantive content of the main areas of the department’s activities over the more than 180-year period of its existence proving its leading role in the structure of Kyiv University, the Faculty of Economics, and in the system of Ukrainian economic science and classical university economic education.
Scientific reflection of fundamental changes, problems, and prospects for the development of Ukrainian economic science and education on the example of its well-known institutional center – the Department of Economic Theory, Macro- and Microeconomics – forms a conviction in the extraordinary demand for the highest standards of scientific research and educational activities demonstrated by the department. The short experience of the functioning of scientific and educational institutions in wartime requires an in-depth analysis of the place and role of its institutional centers in the permanent process of modifying the content and methods of research, scientific, educational, public and educational activities during the war and during post-war recovery.
Deinstitutionalization of corporatism in the soviet economy and its consequences for the economy of modern Ukraine
Authors:   Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine, Slyvka Tetiana
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the Soviet period of Ukraine’s economy, in particular the transformation of institutions in the absence of Ukrainian statehood. The subject of the study is corporatism as a mechanism for coordinating and implementing the interests of the state, society and business in different economic systems: the command-administrative and market ones. The aim of the article is to identify the main factors of the deinstitutionalization of corporatism in the Soviet economy and to clarify their impact on the modern economy of Ukraine. General scientific methods of interdisciplinary research, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction and a systemic approach are used in generalizing economic trends and determining cause-and-effect relationships. It is argued that the ideology of Bolshevism was the basis for changing the economic system, on whose basis the transformation of economic institutions in the command-administrative economy was carried out. The author reveals the content and mechanisms of the nationalization of the economy, the degeneration of formal institutions of corporatism and their use to restrict economic freedom and suppress civil society, which contradicts the very idea of corporatism as a union of equals. The importance of excluding national interests from economic consciousness and practice is emphasized, as evidenced in particular by the inefficiency of the allocation and use of Ukraine's productive resources. The article established the consequences of the deinstitutionalization of corporatism in the Soviet period for the economy of modern Ukraine, namely: high concentration of property, monopolism, the inability of large industry to self-sustainable development, the lack of concentration of capital in high-tech industries, and the lack of social partnership. The conclusion is made about the replacement of corporatism by bureaucratic corporatism in the Soviet period of Ukrainian history and its further transformation into oligarchic corporatism in the 90s of the 20th century.