bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An expletive negation unlike any other in Québec French
Authors: Gonzalez Aurore , Royer Justin
Published: February 2022

This paper explores ‘expletive’ uses of the negative marker pas in Québec French (QF) (Kemp 1982, Larriv´ee 1996), which despite checking every diagnostic for expletive negation (ExN), do not pattern with previously documented cases of ExN. We show that most previous accounts of ExN can thus not explain ExN pas’s distribution. Building on van der Wouden’s (1994) approach to ExN as negative polarity items (NPIs), and adopting an alternative-based account of NPIs (Krifka 1995, Lahiri 1998, Chierchia 2013, a.o.), wepropose a preliminary analysis of ExN pas as part of a ‘complex’ NPI. That is, ExN pasrealizes one of two pieces in the composition of an NPI: (i) it does not contribute existential quantification of its own, but (ii) requires that the predicative existential expression it co-occurs with activate a set of domain alternatives. Though this analysis stands out in making a number of correct predictions about the distribution of ExN pas, it faces an empirical challenge, which we ultimately leave as an issue for future work.
Old French Si, Syntax and Function in Diachrony
Authors: Shaw Wyn Francis
Published: February 2022

This article offers a diachronic analysis of the Old French particle si.  Using data from both verse and prose texts, I analyse the function and syntax of si from the 12th to 14th centuries. I find that si fulfills a variety of functions throughout the period, beginning as a subject continuity marker before acquiring functions as a resumptive and an expletive among others. Si’s syntax is defined by its proximity to the verb, occupying the specifier of the left-peripheral head which hosts the verb. This head changes through the Old French period from the lower left peripheral head Fin to the higher head Force. These findings are shown to have ramifications for the study of Medieval Romance syntax and discourse particles.
Typology and language change: The case of truncation
Authors: Alber Birgit , Kokkelmans Joachim
Published: February 2022

Diachronic change of prosodic structures, as it is encountered for instance in the history of stress systems, has been described as a slow process involving a series of minimal changes in a language’s grammar (Lahiri, 2015). We show that minimal grammatical change of prosodic structures is observed as well in the domain of name truncation (e.g. Italian hypocoristic formation: Francesca > France), where diachronic change is fast and therefore analyzable in real time. Following a study by Boschiroli (2017) on the perceived age of Italian truncation patterns, we establish a relative chronology of French and German truncation patterns and propose an analysis where minimality in language change is defined in terms of the ranking conditions (typological properties) determining the typological system of truncation.
Where r you going? A typology of long-distance metathesis of liquids
Authors: Apostolopoulou Eirini
Published: February 2022

This paper offers a typological analysis of the diachronic phenomena of long-distance metathesis of liquids that thrive in the history of several Romance languages. In particular, it explores metathesis of liquids from a non-initial consonant-liquid configuration towards the left periphery of the word, which may be accompanied by metathesis of post-vocalic liquids and be subject to locality restrictions, i.e. limitations with respect to the distance the migrating liquid may travel. Different combinations of the above possibilities yield four different typological categories, three of which are attested. Crucially, although existing models have offered insightful accounts of the phenomena at hand from a language-specific angle, there lacks a comprehensive understanding of the factors that determine the bigger typological picture. The present proposal, couched within Property Theory (Alber & Prince 2015, in prep.), aims at successfully generating all attested patterns by extracting the crucial ranking conditions that define the typology of long-distance metathesis. The cornerstones of the analysis are two constraint rankings that trigger/block metathesis from a post-consonantal and a post-vocalic environment, respectively, a ranking imposing/lifting locality restrictions, and a ranking determining the least tolerated marked structure in a given language, choosing between a non-initial post-consonantal liquid and a post-vocalic one.
An indefinite maze: on the distribution of partitives and bare nouns in the Northern Italian dialects
Authors: Pinzin Francesco , Poletto Cecilia
Published: February 2022

Some Romance languages, like Spanish, encode narrow scope indefinite objects without any over determiner (Bare Nouns; como pan ‘I eat bread’), while others, like French, require the insertion of an overt prenominal marker, labeled Partitive Article (PA; je mange du pain ‘I eat bread’). This asymmetry has been related to overt number marking on the noun (Delfitto & Schroter, Stark 2016 a.o.), leading to the hypothesis that number morphs on N license indefinite arguments and that PAs appear in those languages in which they are absent. Languages as Italian, in which narrow scope indefinites can be introduced both by BNs and PAs, challenge this hypothesis. By enlarging the view to Northern Italian Dialects, we update the correlation with number marking (the relevant factor being the absence of number morphs on masculine Ns) and show that Italian-like languages are not problematic, once we develop an analysis of the alternation between PAs and BNs in these languages in terms of two kinds of indefinites, differentiated by the presence/absence (PAs/BNs) of a feature (tentatively identified as a Choice function, Reinhart 1997).
Auxiliary selection is Agree
Authors: Amato Irene
Published: February 2022

In this paper, I address the problem of auxiliary selection in Standard Italian and in Southern Italo-Romance varieties. In the former, the auxiliary depends on the argument structure, in the latter on the person feature of the subject. However, the features of the arguments play a crucial role even in languages where auxiliary selection is argument structure- driven. Therefore, I propose that auxiliary selection is the result of person Agree in both systems. Cross-linguistic variation is due to a single syntactic parameter (the ordering of the features on Perf) and to different inventories of vocabulary entries. In this contribution, I focus on Italo-Romance varieties, in particular on person-driven systems and on so-called mixed systems. I show that the apparently very different systems of auxiliary selection in Standard Italian and in Italo-Romance varieties are more similar than it seems: not only auxiliary selection in Italian is Agree for the person feature, but also many alleged person-driven varieties are indeed argument-structure-based systems.
RLLT 17. Introduction to the volume
Authors: Matushansky Ora , Roussarie Laurent , Russo Michela , Soare Elena , Wauquier Sophie
Published: February 2022

Introductory notes to the Romance Language and Linguistic Theory 17 volume
Modeling of Dynamic Responses in Building Insulation
Authors: Antonyova Anna , Antony Peter , Joelianto Endra
Published: February 2022

In this research a measurement systemwas developedfor monitoring humidity and temperature in the cavity between the wall and the insulating material in the building envelope. This new technology does not disturb the insulating material during testing. The measurement system can also be applied to insulation fixed ten or twenty years earlier and sufficiently reveals the quality of the insulation. A mathematical model is proposed to characterize the dynamic responses in the cavity between the wall and the building insulation as influenced by weather conditions.These dynamic responses are manifested as a delay of both humidity and temperature changes in the cavity when compared with the changes in the ambient surrounding of the building. The process is then modeled through numerical methods and statistical analysis of the experimental data obtained using the new system of measurement.
Evaluating Direct Pointing and Indirect Cursor Interactions with Fitts' Law in Stereoscopic Environments
Authors: Caesaron Dino , Lin Chiuhsiang Joe , Mufidah Ilma , Febiyani Anastasia
Published: February 2022

The development of virtual environment research has reached the stage of human interaction with three-dimensional (3D) objects. In this study, Fitts' method was used to such interaction techniques in virtual environment, and the Fitts' law applicability in 3D virtual environment was also considered. The experiment included two modes of interaction: direct interaction and indirect interaction that utilize different techniques depending on how users interact with 3D objects. Both interaction techniques were conducted in three indexes of difficulties and three egocentric target distances (a distance from participant to target). Movement time and throughput were measured for each interaction technique. The results show that the direct pointing technique is more efficient for interaction with the targets close to the participant, while the indirect cursor technique may be a viable option for targets further away from participant. Throughputs were found to be significantly higher for the direct pointing technique compared to the indirect cursor technique. The results of the mean movement time were highly correlated with the targets' index of difficulty for all interaction techniques, supporting evidence that Fitts' law can be applied to the interactions in 3D virtual environment. Based on the results, developers of VE application may relate to these findings in designing proper users' interactions.
The Implementation of Soundscape Composition to Identify the Ideal Soundscape for Various Activities
Authors: Sarwono Joko , Sudarsono Anugrah Sabdono , Hapsari Andini , Salim Helga , Tassia Ranti Dwi
Published: February 2022

Soundscapes are affected by several factors and one of them is the activities done in the space concerned. People expect different acoustic environments for different activities, but there is no specific guidance for designing an ideal acoustic environment for different activities. This study aimed to identify ideal urban acoustic environments for four different activities: reading, relaxing, talking with friends, and playing with children. The ideal acoustic environment was evaluated using the soundscape composition concept. The concept was implemented by an acoustic environment simulator that enabled the respondents to compose their ideal acoustic environment and identify the perception of their composition. The sound source selection and perception rating were analyzed to understand the ideal acoustic environment and perception for different activities. This study identified the ideal soundscapes for four different activities and the perception expected to be present in the ideal environments for those activities. The result can be beneficial as guidance for urban soundscape design.
Volatile State Mathematical Models for Predicting Components in Biomass Pyrolysis Products
Authors: Hernowo Pandit , Rasrendra Carolus B. , Budhi Yogi W. , Rizkiana Jenny , Irawan Anton , Marno Septhian , Meliana Yana , Muraza Oki , Bindar Yazid
Published: February 2022

Volatile state mathematical models for quantifying the chemical components in volatile biomass pyrolysis products were developed. The component mass yield Yi rate depends linearly on its pseudo kinetic constant and the remaining mass yield. The mass fraction rate of each component was modeled from the derivation of its mass yield rate equation. A new mathematical model equation was successfully developed. The involved variables are: biomass number, temperature, heating rate, pre-exponential factor, and pseudo activation energy related to each component. The component mass fraction yi and the mass yield were predicted using this model within a temperature range. Available experimental pyrolysis data for beechwood and rice husk biomass were used to confirm the developed model. The volatile products were separated into bio-pyrolysis gas (BPG) and a bio-pyrolysis oil (BPO). Five components in the BPG and forty in the BPO were quantified. The pseudo activation energy for each pseudo chemical reaction for a specific component was modeled as a polynomial function of temperature. The component mass fraction and yield are quantifiable using this developed mathematical model equation within a temperature range. The predicted component mass fractions and yields agreed excellently with the available experimental data.
Pemahaman Cedera Para Pelatih dan Pegiat Olahraga di Lingkup KONI Kota Serang Provinsi Banten
Authors: Zubaida Ida , Anugrah Sendy Mohamad
Published: February 2022

Cedera merupakan penghalang serius bagi seorang atlet dan/atau tim dalam upaya dan tujuannya meraih hasil yang optimal. Resiko cedera yang terjadi pada atlet bisa dikurangi dengan penerapan strategi pencegahan yang tepat. Namun, kurangnya peran pelatih dari strategi ini telah diidentifikasi sebagai penghalang substansial untuk pencegahan cedera. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemahaman cedera para pelatih dan pegiat olahraga di lingkup KONI Kota Serang Provinsi Banten. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah pegiat dan pelatih di lingkup KONI Kota Serang. Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa para pelatih di lingkup KONI Kota Serang merupakan lulusan SMA sebanyak 68%, 75% tidak memiliki lisensi pelatih, dan minim pelatihan cedera. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemahaman dan keterampilan pelatih kurang mengenai cedera. Hal ini harus menjadi perhatian khusus intansi terkait agar seminar mengenai cedera harus sering diadakan di lingkup KONI Kota Serang agar para pelatih lebih memahami tentang cedera sehingga nantinya atlet bisa terhindar dari resiko cedera.
Penurunan Indeks Massa Tubuh: Latihan Continuous Run Pada Atlet Judo Kota Bogor
Authors: Purnamasari Ira
Published: February 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan continous run terhadap penurunan indeks massa tubuh atlet judo. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan menggunakan One Grup Pre-Tes Post-Tes Design. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan memberikan tes awal/pre-tes kepada satu kelompok yang disebut kelompok eksperimen. Kemudian diberikan perlakuan/treatment dengan metode latihan continous run. Teknik pengolahan data menggunakan dua cara yaitu uji deskriptif dan uji T Paired Sample. Penelitian dilakukan selama 6 minggu. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa latihan continous run memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap penurunan indeks massa tubuh atlet judo kota Bogor . Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode latihan continous run memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap penurunan indeks massa tubuh atlet judo kota Bogor.
Motivasi Berprestasi Atlet Panahan PPOP DKI Jakarta
Authors: Oktafiranda Nadya Dwi
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prosentase motivasi berprestasi atlet panahan PPOP DKI Jakarta. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2021. Pengambilan data ini dilakukan di lapangan PPOP DKI Jakarta dengan menggunakan media Handphone masing - masing. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan teknik survey. Instrument penelitian ini berupa angket tertutup yang dibuat dalam bentuk google form dan dibagikan kepada seluruh sampel. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 12 orang yang merupakan populasi dari atlet Panahan PPOP DKI Jakarta. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan prosentase keseluruhan motivasi berprestasi atlet panahan PPOP DKI Jakarta berada pada kategori sedang yaitu 50,00%.
PERSEPSI INSTRUKTUR MENGENAI KEBUGARAN DAN CEDERA DI KAMPUNG WISATA AIR TITIK 0 JAWA TENGAH: STUDI DESKRIPTIF KUANTITATIF
Authors: Mulyawan Rizki , Prasetyo Yudik , Arjuna Fatkurahman , Rahayu Atikah , Nurhadi Farid Imam
Published: February 2022

Resiko terjadi cedera tidak hanya ada di lapangan, aktivitas fisik di lingkungan tempat wisata pun memiliki potensi terjadinya cedera yang sangat besar. Persepsi mengenai cedera perlu dipertimbangkan sebagai langkah awal antisipasi kejadian cedera akibat aktivitas fisik di tempat rekreasi. Mayoritas praktisi mungkin lupa bahwa peran instruktur khususnya di tempat wisata perlu dipelajari lebih mendalam karena masih jarang ada yang berani untuk menelusuri lebih lanjut. Observasi studi ini dilakukan kepada 18 instruktur melalui teknik pengambilan subjek dengan total sampling di Kampung Wisata Air Titik 0 Jawa Tengah. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua instruktur yang terlibat terbiasa melakukan aktivitas fisik 1-2 kali seminggu sebesar 88,89%, lebih besar dibandingkan instruktur yang terbiasa beraktivitas fisik 3-4 kali seminggu yang hanya sebesar 11,11%. Cedera di bagian kepala belum pernah dialami oleh seluruh instruktur, satu orang mengalami cedera pada bagian punggung (5,5%) dan tubuh bagian atas (5,5%), dan mayoritas instruktur mengalami cedera pada tubuh bagian bawah (88,89%). Kondisi tegang (38,89) dan memar (27,78%), retak (16,67%), berputar atau terkilir (5,56%) dialami oleh semua intruktur. Penyebab cedera terjadi mayoritas akibat jatuh (72,27%), kontak fisik (16,67%) dan beban berlebih (11,11%). Lebih dari 50% instruktur mengalami pengulangan cedera dan berhenti melakukan kegiatan kurang lebih sampai rentang 2 minggu. Terjadi penurunan waktu peregangan, meskipun semua instruktur tidak lupa untuk melakukan sebelum dan setelah aktivitas. Perlu adanya penerapan strategi pemulihan, meskipun instruktur beranggapan bahwa cedera tidak menurunkan kondisi kebugaran.
Anomalous P-E Hysteresis Loops of Ferroelectric Nanocomposites Containing Nanocellulose and Hydrogen – Bonded Ferroelectric of Triglycine Sulfate Under Influence of Composition, Temperature and Moisture
Authors: NGUYEN Hoai Thuong
Published: February 2022

To fill the gap of earlier works for the nanocomposite based on a ferroelectric of triglycine sulfate (TGS) and a dielectric inclusion of cellulose nanoparticles (CNP), the present study provides experimental results for investigating anomalous switching properties via analyzing the features of dielectric (P-E) hysteresis loops. Different dielectric content of CNP (5, 15, 30, 50, 70 wt.%) was chosen. The P-E loops were measured at temperatures placed at the same distances from the phase transition point for all compositions. Besides, the influence of humidity (RH = 30, 60, 80, 100 %) was also investigated. It was clarified that the increase in cellulose content and relative humidity caused the increase in coercive field, accompanying the transformation of hysteresis loops from saturated into unsaturated ones. The nature of these anomalies was proposed to be associated with the role of hydrogen bonds in the composite.
Museen auf Instagram
Authors: Kulig Marian
Published: February 2022

This fundamental study examines how art and history museums visually communicate their collection and their institution on Instagram, using selected museum accounts as examples. For the first time, the two types of museums are systematically considered separately from each other in order to make similarities and differences in their appearance visible. A combination of visual and pragmatic content analysis is used, which classifies the posted content according to content and external criteria and offers starting points for further research.
Effects of Mo and Nb on Microstructure and Charpy Impact Properties of CGHAZ in HSLA Steels
Authors: Kim Min Gu , Cho Sung Kyu , Shin Sang Yong
Published: February 2022

In this study, the effects of Mo and Nb on the microstructure and Charpy impact properties of coarse-grain heat affected zone (CGHAZ) in high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels were investigated. The high-Mo steel had a lower volume fraction of acicular ferrite (AF) and higher volume fraction of granular bainite (GB) than those of the low Mo steel. The high-Mo CGHAZ specimen had a lower volume fraction of AF and higher volume fraction of GB compared to the low-Mo CGHAZ specimen. This is because, an increase in Mo lowers the bainite transformation temperature, induces the formation of GB and bainitic ferrite (BF), and reduces the diffusion velocity of carbon, thereby inhibiting the formation of ferrite. The Nb-added steel had a volume fraction similar to that of AF but smaller packet sizes of GB compared to the non-Nb steel. Compared to the non-Nb CGHAZ specimens, the Nb-added CGHAZ specimen had a lower volume fraction of AF, a higher volume fraction of GB, smaller packet sizes of GB and BF, and a smaller prior austenite grain size. This is because, Nb forms Nb(C,N) to inhibit the grain growth, thus inhibiting the formation of GB and BF. The Nb-added low-Mo CGHAZ specimen with the highest AF fraction and smallest average grain size had the highest Charpy-absorbed energy. However, articles in the Journal of Welding and Joining reported that the other CGHAZ specimens with high volume fractions of GB and BF with coarse packets showed low Charpy-absorbed energy.
Early Detection of Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Pazoki Mahboubeh , Kianmehr Nahid , Hajahmadi Marjan , Joghataie Pegah , Amirinasab Sarabi Niloofar
Published: February 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate subclinical left ventricular (LV) dysfunction by two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and three-dimensional echocardiography in patients with systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: This case-control study was performed on 106 patients, divided into the two groups of case (53 patients with SLE) and control (53 healthy individuals). All study participants were evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography, as well as Tissue Doppler echocardiography. Accordingly, ventricular dimensions and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) were assessed. Moreover, E velocity, A velocity, E/A ratio, and E/E’ ratio were evaluated in both groups. The LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) was measured by 2D STE in all individuals. Results: There was no significant difference between the two study groups regarding LVEF based on traditional echocardiography. However, E velocity, A velocity, and the E/e’ ratio were higher in the SLE patients (P < 0.05). In addition, the anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) positivity in SLE patients was associated with the lower levels of LVEF. No significant correlation was found between disease duration, LVEF, and LV GLS (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Detection of subclinical LV systolic dysfunction by GLS is possible in SLE patients despite normal LVEF in traditional echocardiography. Therefore, LV could be used for the early detection and prevention of cardiac involvement in SLE patients.
Revisions of Holocnemus and Crossopriza: the spotted-leg clade of Smeringopinae (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Authors: Huber Bernhard A.
Published: February 2022

The genera Holocnemus Simon, 1873 and Crossopriza Simon, 1893 are revised. Together with Stygopholcus Kratochvíl, 1932 (revised recently) and the newly described genus Maghreba gen. nov., they constitute the spotted-leg clade within the northern clade of Smeringopinae. Males and females in this group are characterized by dark marks on the leg femora and tibiae. The native area of the spotted-leg clade ranges from northern Africa and the Mediterranean to Central Asia and NW India. A morphological cladistic analysis suggests that Holocnemus is paraphyletic while Crossopriza is monophyletic, but morphology seems only partly adequate to resolve phylogenetic relationships convincingly. The genus Holocnemus includes four species, all of which are redescribed: H. pluchei (Scopoli, 1763); H. reini (C. Koch, 1873) comb. nov. (transferred from Pholcus); H. caudatus (Dufour, 1820); and H. hispanicus Wiehle, 1933. The genus Maghreba gen. nov. includes eight species from NW Africa: M. aurouxi (Barrientos, 2019) gen. et comb. nov. (transferred from Holocnemus; redescribed, female newly described) and seven newly described species. The genus Crossopriza includes six previously described species (of which five are redescribed), and 18 newly described species. The Madagascan C. nigrescens Millot, 1946 is synonymized with C. lyoni (Blackwall, 1867). All new species are described on the basis of both sexes.
Microbiological evaluation of Vietnamese Pho ingredients in Toronto
Authors: Di David S. , Meldrum Richard , Liberda Eric N.
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Beef and bean sprouts have often been implicated in foodborne illness (FBI) outbreaks. The traditional Vietnamese dish, Pho, uses both as its main ingredients and, therefore, presents significant concerns from a food safety perspective. The present study investigated food safety concerns associated with Pho through the detection of total coliform and Escherichia coli.

Methods:

Thirty-two Vietnamese restaurants in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, were selected for the study based on inclusion criteria. All restaurant operators were briefed prior to sampling and were informed that their consent and participation were voluntary. Fourteen restaurants consented to providing samples and allowing their broth temperatures to be taken. Three types of samples were obtained from each location: raw beef (RB), cooked beef (CB), and bean sprouts (BS). All samples were couriered to an accredited laboratory for microbiological analysis via 3M petrifilm E. coli/coliform count plates. Based on reported total coliform count (TCC), locations were segmented into low, medium, and high contamination categories. Subsequent correlational analysis were conducted based on lab detection data to identify potential links between E. coli count (ECC) and TCC, TCC and broth temperature, and ECC and broth temperature. In addition, an ANOVA was performed to examine for differences in TCC by sample types, differences in TCC by suppliers, differences in ECC by sample types, differences in ECC by suppliers, and differences in TCC by location types.

Results:

ANOVA indicated a significant effect of sample type on TCC for all three different sample types, with post hoc comparisons elucidating significantly lower TCC in CB and RB samples, compared with BS samples. Subsequent analysis further indicated the significant effect of location category on TCC, with post hoc comparisons demonstrating significantly higher TCC in Category 3 locations compared to Category 1 and 2 locations. All other analysis yielded nonstatistically significant results.

Conclusion:

This study presented significant findings in linking Pho ingredients to potential food safety concerns. Specifically, temperature control was identified as a possible cause for high TCC and E. coli detection at select restaurants. Although analysis involving E. coli did not yield any significant results, any E. coli found on ready-to-eat food at a restaurant is problematic from a food safety perspective. Based on the results, we recommended policy changes to incentivize restaurants to maintain high hygienic standards and improve efficiency of the public health inspection process.
Oxygen desaturation index as alternative parameter in screening patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Varghese Lalee , Rebekah Grace , Priya N Priya , Oliver Ashwin , Kurien Regi
Published: February 2022

Objectives Assess reliability of oxygen desaturation index (ODI) as an alternative parameter to apnea hypopnea index (AHI) in screening patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Material and Methods Retrospectively two-year data on demography, anthropometric features, polysomnography (PSG) parameters [AHI, ODI, minimum oxygen saturation (SpO2), mean SpO2], and Epworth sleepiness score (ESS) were collected and analyzed.

Results Study showed significant correlation of ESS with AHI, ODI, apnea-hypopnea percentage of sleep period time (AH%SPT), mean SpO2 and minimum SpO2 with highest correlation being with AHI. A Cohen’s weighted Kappa analysis showed good concordance of 87.32% between AHI and ODI in classifying severity of OSA, with a significant R2 correlation of 0.84 on linear regression. An ODI>20 has a sensitivity of 96.6% and specificity of 69.6% in diagnosing severe OSA.

Conclusion Good concordance between AHI and ODI makes nocturnal oximetry a less expensive tool to confdently screen patients with severe OSA.
Cardiovascular risk associated with co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnoea (COMISA) in type 2 diabetics
Authors: Hein Matthieu , Lanquart Jean-Pol , Mungo Anais , Loas Gwenolé
Published: February 2022

Objective In the general population, co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnoea (COMISA) is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, despite a high prevalence of COMISA in type 2 diabetics, no study has investigated its potential implication in the negative cardiovascular outcome of this particular subpopulation. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the risk of CVD associated with COMISA in type 2 diabetics.

Methods Data from 471 type 2 diabetics recruited from the clinical database of the Erasme Hospital sleep laboratory were analysed. Only type 2 diabetics with SCORE index ≥5% were included in the group at high risk of CVD. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the risk of CVD associated with COMISA in type 2 diabetics.

Results A high risk of CVD was present in 32.9% of type 2 diabetics. After adjustment for the main confounding factors associated with cardiovascular risk, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that unlike obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome or insomnia alone, only COMISA was associated with higher risk of CVD in type 2 diabetics.

Discussion In our study, we have demonstrated that unlike its components alone, only COMISA was associated with higher risk of CVD in type 2 diabetics, which highlights the importance of the central role played by the negative synergistic effect of COMISA on the cardiovascular outcome in this particular subpopulation. Thus, given these elements, more systematic research and adequate therapeutic management of COMISA seem to be necessary to allow better cardiovascular prevention in type 2 diabetics.
Rapid maxillary expansion in patient with obstructive sleep apnea: case report
Authors: Bariani Rita Catia , Badreddine Fauze Ramez , Yamamoto Lucia Hatsue , Shido Flavio Toshiki , Hoppe Daniela Pimentel Machado Renofio , Tufik Sergio , Moreira Gustavo A. , Cappellette Mario , Fujita Reginaldo Raimundo
Published: February 2022

The aim of this case report was to evaluate the polysomnography indices, air space in the oropharyngeal region and quality of life scores using the OSA-18 questionnaire in a patient diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea before and after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). It is a case report with a male patient, seven years old, with maxillary hypoplasia, who underwent adenotonsillectomy surgery two years ago, had restless sleep, snore more than five times a week. Pre- and post-treatment diagnostic tests were performed, including nasofibroscopy, polysomnography, computed tomography, orthodontic records and the OSA-18 quality of life questionnaire. The treatment consisted of RME with Hyrax maxillary expander. After six months, the exams were redone. The polysomnographic record before treatment: IAH 2.8/h, after treatment 0.5/h. We concluded that rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in children with OSA appears to be an effective treatment.
Iuri M. Lotman y la Escuela Semiótica de Tartu-Moscú: Bibliografía en español, francés, inglés, italiano, portugués y alemán
Authors: Cáceres Sánchez Manuel
Published: February 2022

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Los mundos del teatro en La princesa y el granuja, de Pérez Galdós (teoría y práctica)
Authors: Albert Galera Josefina
Published: February 2022

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Estética y Teoría de la Literatura (Notas para un estudio de sus relaciones según la teoría empírica de la literatura de S. J. Schmidt)
Authors: Chicharro Chamorro Antonio
Published: February 2022

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La teoría textual barthesiana: el texto como semiosis
Authors: Jiménez Ruiz Juan Luis
Published: February 2022

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2021 Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinical Practice Guidelines for Endoscopic Sedation
Authors: Park Hong Jun , Kim Byung-Wook , Lee Jun Kyu , Park Yehyun , Park Jin Myung , Bae Jun Yong , Seo Seung Young , Lee Jae Min , Lee Jee Hyun , Chon Hyung Ku , Chung Jun-Won , Choi Hyun Ho , Kim Myung Ha , Park Dong Ah , Jung Jae Hung , Cho Joo Young ,   Endoscopic Sedation Committee of Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Published: February 2022

Sedation can resolve anxiety and fear in patients undergoing endoscopy. The use of sedatives has increased in Korea. Appropriate sedation is a state in which the patient feels subjectively comfortable while maintaining the airway reflex for stable spontaneous breathing. The patient should maintain a state of consciousness to the extent that he or she can cooperate with the needs of the medical staff. Despite its benefits, endoscopic sedation has been associated with cardiopulmonary complications. Cardiopulmonary complications are usually temporary. Most patients recover without sequelae. However, they may progress to serious complications, such as cardiovascular collapse. Therefore, it is essential to screen high-risk patients before sedation and reduce complications by meticulous monitoring. Additionally, physicians should be familiar with the management of emergencies. The first Korean clinical practice guideline for endoscopic sedation was developed based on previous worldwide guidelines for endoscopic sedation using an adaptation process. The guideline consists of nine recommendations based on a critical review of currently available data and expert consensus when the guideline was drafted. These guidelines should provide clinicians, nurses, medical school students, and policy makers with information on how to perform endoscopic sedation with minimal risk.
Outcomes of Patients With Unfavorable Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer Treated With External-Beam Radiotherapy Versus Brachytherapy Alone
Authors: Andruska Neal , Fischer-Valuck Benjamin W. , Carmona Ruben , Agabalogun Temitope , Brenneman Randall J. , Gay Hiram A. , Michalski Jeff M. , Baumann Brian C.
Published: February 2022

Background: The NCCN Guidelines for Prostate Cancer currently recommend several definitive radiotherapy (RT) options for men with unfavorable intermediate-risk (UIR) prostate cancer: external-beam RT (EBRT) plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or EBRT plus brachytherapy boost with or without ADT. However, brachytherapy alone with or without ADT is not well defined and is currently not recommended for UIR prostate cancer. We hypothesized that men treated with brachytherapy with or without ADT have comparable survival rates to men treated with EBRT with or without ADT. Methods: A total of 31,783 men diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 with UIR prostate cancer were retrospectively reviewed from the National Cancer Database. Men were stratified into 4 groups: EBRT (n=12,985), EBRT plus ADT (n=12,960), brachytherapy (n=4,535), or brachytherapy plus ADT (n=1,303). Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to adjust for covariable imbalances, and weight-adjusted multivariable analysis (MVA) using Cox regression modeling was used to compare overall survival (OS) hazard ratios (HRs). Results: Relative to EBRT alone, the following treatments were associated with improved OS: EBRT plus ADT (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87–0.97; P=.002), brachytherapy alone (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83–0.98; P=.01), and brachytherapy plus ADT (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.69–0.88; P=.00006). Brachytherapy correlated with improved OS relative to EBRT in men who were not treated with ADT (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.84–0.99; P=.03) and in those receiving ADT (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75–0.95; P=.004). At 10-year follow-up, 56% and 63% of men receiving EBRT and brachytherapy, respectively, were alive (P<.0001). IPTW was used to determine the average treatment effect of definitive brachytherapy. Relative to EBRT, definitive brachytherapy correlated with improved OS (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84–0.97; P=.009) on weight-adjusted MVA. Conclusions: Definitive brachytherapy was associated with improved OS compared with EBRT. The addition of ADT to both EBRT and definitive brachytherapy was associated with improved OS. These results suggest that definitive brachytherapy should be considered as an option for men with UIR prostate cancer.
Procedimientos en la lexicalización de los sonidos: estudio contrastivo español-inglés
Authors: Vivanco Cervero Verónica
Published: February 2022

This article focuses on the lexical coining of the sounds in the field of science and technology in Spanish and English. Words of high use in the aforementioned field have been chosen, such as canto, chasquido/parásito, craqueo, galería de susurros/sala de murmullos, tintineo/castañeteo, ululación/chillido del buho, y zumbido y sus correlatos ingleses singing/humming, hash/parasite, cracking, whispering gallery, chatter, hoot, and hum, which show a greater number of synonyms in Spanish. The statistics show that the typologies of lexical coining in relation to the capture of sounds in both languages are fragmented (ametaphors, onomatopoeias, metaphors, personifications, animalizations and hybrid tipologies) and that onomatopoeias have a greater presence in English (66%) than in Spanish (42%).

Este artículo se centra en la acuñación léxica de algunos sonidos del ámbito de la ciencia y la tecnología en español e inglés. Se han elegido voces de alto uso en dicho ámbito: canto, chasquido/parásito, craqueo, galería de susurros/sala de murmullos, tintineo/castañeteo, ululación/chillido del buho, y zumbido y sus correlatos ingleses singing/humming, hash/parasite, cracking, whispering gallery, chatter, hoot, y hum, que muestran un mayor número de variantes sinónimas en español. Las estadísticas muestran que las tipologías de acuñación en lo relativo a la captación de sonido en ambos idiomas están muy fragmentadas (ametáforas, onomatopeyas, metáforas, personificaciones, animalizaciones y variantes mixtas) y que las onomatopeyas tienen una mayor presencia en inglés (66%) que en español (42%).
Encuadrando el 26J: la estrategia discursiva publicitaria de Cs en Twitter en la campaña del 26J
Authors: Villar Hernández Paz , Pellisser Rossell Nel.lo
Published: February 2022

This work analyzes the communicative strategy of Ciudadanos for the dissemination of their spots on Twitter during the general election campaign of July 26, 2016. The research uses quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques, these are based on the discursive model of framing by Gallardo-Paúls (2014, 2021) that we adapt here, identifying specific categories of audiovisual language. The results show, in the first place, that the use of Twitter for the diffusion of the electoral spot was very scarce. On the other hand, the fundamental argument that presides over the textual strategy of the frame was to show itself as the party of union and change. In the area of intentional strategy, we find attack formulas directed at the PP and its leader, in an attempt to take over the center-right space and the useful vote. The interactive framing was homogeneous and vindictive and as for the enunciative framing, positive expressiveness both visually and discursively was the most used.

Este trabajo analiza la estrategia comunicativa de Ciudadanos para la difusión de sus spots en Twitter durante la campaña de las elecciones generales del 26 de julio de 2016. En la investigación se emplean técnicas de análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo, estas se basan en el modelo discursivo de encuadre de Gallardo-Paúls (2014, 2021) que aquí adaptamos, identificando categorías específicas del lenguaje audiovisual. Los resultados muestran, en primer lugar, que el empleo de Twitter para la difusión del spot electoral fue muy escaso. Por otra parte, la argumentación fundamental que preside la estrategia textual del encuadre fue mostrarse como el partido de la unión y el cambio. En el ámbito de la estrategia intencional, encontramos fórmulas de ataque dirigidas al PP y a su líder, en un intento por adueñarse del espacio de centro-derecha y del voto útil. El encuadre interactivo se mostró homogéneo y reivindicativo y en cuanto al encuadre enunciativo la expresividad positiva tanto a nivel visual como discursivo fue la más empleada.
Presentación
Authors: Pellicer García Lidia
Published: February 2022

Presentación del monográfico.
Multimodal Action Formation in Second Language Talk
Authors: Greer Tim
Published: February 2022

This study explores the multimodal action formation of second language (L2) apologies, particularly in relation to the members’ orientation to the significance of the misdemeanour. Although talk is the primary means through which participants accomplish apologies, embodied and paralinguistic interaction also play an integral role in conveying the proportional intensity of the apology. Members may bolster a second language apology with gestures from their first language, such as the Japanese gassho gesture. The study draws on conversation analytic research on L2 use as situated within a complex ecology of multimodal social interaction to reflect on the notions of interactional competence and interactional repertoires. The sequences were video-recorded among Japanese homestay visitors and their American host families.
Certifying China
Authors: Sun Yixian
Published: February 2022

A comprehensive study of the growth, potential, and limits of transnational eco-certification in China and the implications for other emerging economies.

China has long prioritized economic growth over environmental protection. But in recent years, the country has become a global leader in the fight to save the planet by promoting clean energy, cutting air and water pollution, and developing a system of green finance. In Certifying China, Yixian Sun explores the potential and limits of transnational eco-certification in moving the world's most populous country toward sustainable consumption and production. He identifies the forces that drive companies from three sectors—seafood, palm oil, and tea—to embrace eco-certification. The success of eco-certification, he says, will depend on the extent to which it wins the support of domestic actors in fast-growing emerging economies.

The assumption of eco-certification is that demand along the supply chain can drive businesses to adopt good practices for social, environmental, and economic sustainability by specifying rules for production, third-party verification, and product labeling. Through case studies drawn from extensive fieldwork and mixed methods, Sun traces the processes by which certification programs originating from the Global North were introduced in China and gradually gained traction. He finds that the rise of eco-certification in the Chinese market is mainly driven by state actors, including government-sponsored industry associations, who seek benefits of transnational governance for their own development goals. The book challenges the conventional wisdom that the Chinese state has little interest in supporting transnational governance, offering novel insights into the interaction between state and non-state actors in earth system governance in emerging economies.
MicroRNA 3′-compensatory pairing occurs through two binding modes, with affinity shaped by nucleotide identity and position
Authors: McGeary Sean E , Bisaria Namita , Pham Thy M , Wang Peter Y , Bartel David P
Published: February 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), in association with Argonaute (AGO) proteins, direct repression by pairing to sites within mRNAs. Compared to pairing preferences of the miRNA seed region (nucleotides 2–8), preferences of the miRNA 3′ region are poorly understood, due to the sparsity of measured affinities for the many pairing possibilities. We used RNA bind-n-seq with purified AGO2–miRNA complexes to measure relative affinities of >1000 3′-pairing architectures for each miRNA. In some cases, optimal 3′ pairing increased affinity by >500 fold. Some miRNAs had two high-affinity 3′-pairing modes—one of which included additional nucleotides bridging seed and 3′ pairing to enable high-affinity pairing to miRNA nucleotide 11. The affinity of binding and the position of optimal pairing both tracked with the occurrence of G or oligo(G/C) nucleotides within the miRNA. These and other results advance understanding of miRNA targeting, providing insight into how optimal 3′ pairing is determined for each miRNA.
A survey of optimal strategy for signature-based drug repositioning and an application to liver cancer
Authors: Yang Chen , Zhang Hailin , Chen Mengnuo , Wang Siying , Qian Ruolan , Zhang Linmeng , Huang Xiaowen , Wang Jun , Liu Zhicheng , Qin Wenxin , Wang Cun , Hang Hualian , Wang Hui
Published: February 2022

Pharmacologic perturbation projects, such as Connectivity Map (CMap) and Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS), have produced many perturbed expression data, providing enormous opportunities for computational therapeutic discovery. However, there is no consensus on which methodologies and parameters are the most optimal to conduct such analysis. Aiming to fill this gap, new benchmarking standards were developed to quantitatively evaluate drug retrieval performance. Investigations of potential factors influencing drug retrieval were conducted based on these standards. As a result, we determined an optimal approach for LINCS data-based therapeutic discovery. With this approach, homoharringtonine (HHT) was identified to be a candidate agent with potential therapeutic and preventive effects on liver cancer. The antitumor and antifibrotic activity of HHT was validated experimentally using subcutaneous xenograft tumor model and carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced liver fibrosis model, demonstrating the reliability of the prediction results. In summary, our findings will not only impact the future applications of LINCS data but also offer new opportunities for therapeutic intervention of liver cancer.
Low doses of the organic insecticide spinosad trigger lysosomal defects, elevated ROS, lipid dysregulation, and neurodegeneration in flies
Authors: Martelli Felipe , Hernandes Natalia H , Zuo Zhongyuan , Wang Julia , Wong Ching-On , Karagas Nicholas E , Roessner Ute , Rupasinghe Thusita , Robin Charles , Venkatachalam Kartik , Perry Trent , Batterham Philip , Bellen Hugo J
Published: February 2022

Large-scale insecticide application is a primary weapon in the control of insect pests in agriculture. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that it is contributing to the global decline in population sizes of many beneficial insect species. Spinosad emerged as an organic alternative to synthetic insecticides and is considered less harmful to beneficial insects, yet its mode of action remains unclear. Using Drosophila, we show that low doses of spinosad antagonize its neuronal target, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha 6 (nAChRα6), reducing the cholinergic response. We show that the nAChRα6 receptors are transported to lysosomes that become enlarged and increase in number upon low doses of spinosad treatment. Lysosomal dysfunction is associated with mitochondrial stress and elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the central nervous system where nAChRα6 is broadly expressed. ROS disturb lipid storage in metabolic tissues in an nAChRα6-dependent manner. Spinosad toxicity is ameliorated with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine amide. Chronic exposure of adult virgin females to low doses of spinosad leads to mitochondrial defects, severe neurodegeneration, and blindness. These deleterious effects of low-dose exposures warrant rigorous investigation of its impacts on beneficial insects.
Growing together gives more rice and aquatic food
Authors: Liu Jian , Caspersen Siri , Yong Jean WH
Published: February 2022

Allowing aquatic organisms to grow in rice fields – a practice called co-culture – increases rice yields while maintaining soil fertility and reducing weeds.