bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Ferroptosis-related Lncrna Prognostic Signature for Colorectal Cancer by Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Yang Zhiyong , Zhang Yujiao , Wang Jiping , Yang Guodong , Liu Jing , Zhang Yaqi
Published: March 2021

Background: Recently, extensive studies have shown that ferroptosis in cancer treatment has been increasingly confirmed. The current study aims to construct a robust ferroptosis-related lncRNAs signature prediction model of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients by bioinformatics analysisMethods: The transcriptome data were abstracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed lncRNAs were screened by comparing 568 CRC tissues with 44 adjacent non-CRC tissues. Univariate Cox regression, lasso regression, multivariate Cox regression were conducted to design a ferroptosis-related lncRNA signature. This signature’s prognosis was verified by the log-rank test of Kaplan-Meier curve and the area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) in train set, test set, and entire set. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to analyze its independent prognostic ability. The relationship of the ferroptosis-linked lncRNAs' expression and clinical variables was demonstrated by Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to signaling pathways it may involve.Results: 2541 differentially expressed lncRNAs were screened, of which 439 are ferroptosis-related lncRNAs. A seven ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (AC005550.2, LINC02381, AL137782.1, C2orf27A, AC156455.1, AL354993.2, AC008760.1) prognostic signature was constructed, validated and evaluated. This model's prognosis in the high-risk group is obviously worse than that of the low-risk group in train set, test set, and entire set. The AUC of ROC predicting the three years survival in the train set, test set, and entire set was 0.796, 0.715, and 0.758, respectively. Moreover, the designed molecular signature was found to be an independent prognostic variable. Compared to clinical variables, this signature's ROC curves demonstrated the second largest AUC value (0.737). The expression of these lncRNAs and the lncRNA signature are related to distant metastasis, Lymph-node status, clinical stage, T stage, KRAS mutation, BRAF mutation, MMR status, and perineural invasion. Finally, GSEA analysis results show that the signature is involved in six metabolism-related pathways.Conclusion: The current study constructed, validated, and evaluated a seven ferroptosis-related lncRNA signature which can independently be used to predict the prognosis of CRC patients, and it may become a new therapeutic target.
Conserved in 186 Countries The RBD Fraction of SARS CoV-2 S-Protein With in-Silico T500S Mutation Strongly Blocks ACE2 Rejecting The Viral Spike; A Molecular-Docking Analysis.
Authors: Banerjee Amrita , Kanwar Mehak , Santra Dipannita , Maiti Smarajit
Published: March 2021

SARS CoV-2 developed a global pandemic with millions of infections/deaths. The role of blocker/inhibitor of ACE2 and viral-spikes Receptor-Binding-Domain RBD-blockers has been reported. In the current study, conserved RBD portions or cuts from 186 countries were screened and compared with WUHAN-Hu-1 wild-type by CLUSTAL X2 and Structural alignment analyses using Pymol. The RBD of ACE2 bound nCOV2 crystal-structure (2.68 Å) 6VYB1 was analyzed by PyMol and compared with RBD-Cut docking by Haddock and Patch Dock. Extensive structural study/trial to introduce point/double/triple mutations in the following locations (Y489S/Y453S/T500S/T500Y)/ (Y489S,Y453S/Y489S,T500S/Y489S,T500Y/Y453S,T500S/Y453S,T500Y)/ (Y489S,Y453S,T500S/ Y489S,Y453S,T500Y) of CUT4 were tested with Swiss Model Expacy. Blind docking of mutated CUTs to ACE2 (6VW1) by Haddock and Hawkdock was performed and complete rejection of nCOV2 was optimized through its re-docking trial and using pre-docked ACE2. Further, competitive-docking was performed and its binding analyses were done by PRODIGY. Present results suggest that compared to the wild-spike, CUT4 showed extra LYS31-PHE490 and GLN42-GLN498 bonding and lack of TYR41-THR500 interaction (in wild H-bond: 2.639Å) with ACE2 RBD, which can potentially but compete with the wild-spike. Whereas mutated CUT4 strongly binds with the ACE2 RBD, promoting TYR41-T500S (H-bond: 2.0Å and 1.8Å)/T500Y (H-bond: 2.6Å) interaction and complete inhibition of ACE2 RBD-nCOV2 S-protein binding. Mutant combinations T500S, Y489S,T500S and Y489S,Y453S,T500Y were found to be the most potent blocker of ACE2. It is hypothesized that Cut4 mutant is kinetically more favoured for ACE2-RBD binding and even reject whole glycosylated nCoV2 in all format of experiments; pre-dock, post-dock, and competitive-docking. Studies are necessary in this regard.
Endoscopic Transcorporeal Approach and Channel Repair for Cervical Disc Herniation: 2-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Du Qian , Kong Wei-Jun , Cao Guang-Ru , Xin Zhi-Jun , Ao Jun , Liao Wen-Bo
Published: March 2021

Objective To investigate the 2-year follow-up outcomes of patients with cervical intervertebral disc herniation (CIVDH) after percutaneous full-endoscopic anterior transcorporeal cervical discectomy (PEATCD) and channel repair. Methods From Oct. 2016 to Mar. 2017, 24 patients with central/mediolateral CIVDH was treated with PEATCD and channel repair. Of the 24 cases, five interventions were performed at C3-C4 level, 11 were performed at C4-C5 level, and 8 were performed at C5-C6 level. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by Neck Disability Index (NDI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Radiographic outcomes were measured with X-rays, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging.Results All the 24 procedures were completed successfully with an average operating time of 86.40±8.19min. Neck collar was advised for 3 weeks for all patients. No procedure-related complications were observed except for the swollen neck in 5 patients, which rehabilitated within 2 hours without sequela. The final scores of NDI, JOA, and VAS were improved significantly compared to those of preoperative assessments, 7.74±7.31 VS. 52.11±22.10, 16.04±0.68 VS. 9.08±1.31, and 0.52±0.65 VS. 6.73±1.45, respectively, P<0.05. Mean disc height was decreased from preoperative 5.43±0.52 mm to final 5.05±0.43 mm, without related-symptoms. No bone plug migration or channel collapse was measured during postoperative periods. All the channels were absent 12 months postoperative. Conclusion The most outstanding advantages of PEATCD with channel repair were “functional preservation” and “anatomical protection” for cervical spine, and which is a safe, feasible, effective, and minimally invasive surgery that offers an alternative for patients with CIVDH.
Mechanistic Insight into the Hydrogenation of Acetylene on the Pd2/g-C3N4 Catalyst: Effect of Pd Clustering on the Barrier Energy and Selectivity
Authors: Hosseini Sayyed Mahdi , Ghiaci Mehran , Farrokhpour Hossein
Published: March 2021

In this work, the hydrogenation of acetylene on the Pd2/g-C3N4 catalyst is investigated by the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) calculations. The Pre-reactant (R), transition states (TSs), and the intermediates (IMs), involved in the hydrogenation process, are characterized from the point of view of energy and structure. The calculated energy barrier for the hydrogen transfer to the acetylene and ethylene are 6.77 and 12.28 kcal/mol, respectively which shows that the Pd2/g-C3N4 catalyst has good selectivity for the conversion of acetylene to ethylene rather than ethane. Comparing the values of these energy barriers with those of the hydrogenation of acetylene on the Pd/g-C3N4 catalyst (21.53 and 38.88 kcal/mol, respectively) shows that the increase in the number of the Pd atoms decreases the energy barriers of the hydrogenation reaction and increases the selectivity of the catalyst for the ethylene production.
Bacteriophages: A Possible Solution to Combat Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ( EPEC) Infections in Neonatal goats
Authors: Bhargava Kanika , Gururaj K , Aseri G. K. , Nath Gopal , Yadav Virendra Bahadur , Pawaiya R. V. S. , Kumar Ashok , Mishra A.K. , Jain Neelam
Published: March 2021

Due to the awareness and benefits of goat rearing in developing economies, goats' significance is increasing. Unfortunately, these ruminants are threatened via multiple bacterial pathogens such as enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and its pathotypes. In goat kids and lambs, EPEC causes gastrointestinal disease leading to substantial economic losses for farmers and may also pose a threat to public health via the spread of zoonotic diseases. Management of infection is primarily based on antibiotics, but the need for new therapeutic measures as an alternative to antibiotics is becoming vital because of the advent of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The current study focuses on the prevalence of enteric diseases, their identification through various molecular techniques viz., SYBR green real-time PCR, conventional PCR based on bfpA gene, PCR based on uspA gene and isolation, purification of naturally occurring phages against three EPEC multi-drug resistant strains isolated from the neonatal goat. Bacteriophages are novel components that can be used to tackle bacterial infections and AMR, where host immune responses and antimicrobial agents become incompetent. It was observed that a PCR based approach is more effective and rapid as compared to phenotypic tests. It was also established that the isolated bacteriophages exhibited potent antibacterial efficacy in-vitro. Hence, bacteriophages, being a natural therapeutic biological agent docking bacterial host, may be explored as a potential alternative to antibiotics in managing public, livestock and environmental health in this troubling situation of AMR.
Subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction in patients with HIV infection: is there any new diagnostic test?
Authors: Revillas Francisco Arnaiz de las , Gonzalez-Quintanilla Vicente , Parra Jose Antonio , Palacio Enrique , Gonzalez-Rico Claudia , Armiñanzas Carlos , Gutierrez-Cuadra Manuel , Oterino Agustin , Fariñas-Alvarez Concepcion , Fariñas María Carmen
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

To analyze the association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction.
Methods

Prospective cohort study of HIV positive patients who underwent to intimate thickness (IMT) determination and coronary artery calcium score to determine subclinical atherosclerosis. To detect endothelial dysfunction breath holding index, flow mediated dilation and concentration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) were measured.
Results

Patients with an IMT ≥ 0.9 mm had an average of 559.3 ± 283.34 CD4/µl and those with an IMT < 0.9 mm 715.4 ± 389.92 CD4/µl (p = 0.04). Patients with a low calcium score had a significantly higher average of CD4 cells value and lower zenith viral load than those with a higher score (707.7 ± 377.5 CD4/µl vs 477.23 ± 235.7 CD4/µl (p = 0.01)) and (7x104 ± 5x104 c/ml vs 23.4 x 104 ± 19 x 104 c /ml (p = 0.02). Early EPCs concentration in patients with a CD4 nadir < 350/ul was lower than concentration among those presenting a CD4 nadir ≥ 350 (p = 0.03).
Conclusion

In HIV positive patients low CD4 cells levels and high viral load were associated to a higher risk of developing subclinical atherosclerosis.HIV patients with less CD4 cells may have fewer early EPCs.
The Effects of Coriander Seed Supplementation on Serum Glycemic Indices, Lipid Profile and Parameters of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Zamany Sanaz , Mahdavi Aida Malek , Pirouzpanah Saeed , Barzegar Ali
Published: March 2021

Background: This research aimed to study the effect of coriander seed supplementation on serum glycemic indices, lipid profile and oxidative stress parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: In this randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, eligible 40 T2DM patients aged 30-60 years were recruited from Sina Hospital (Tabriz, Iran) and randomly assigned into two groups to receive either coriander seed powder (1000 mg/day, n=20) or placebo (1000 mg/day, n=20) for 6 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, and biochemical parameters including fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols (HDL-C and LDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed before and after supplementation.Results: Anthropometric measurements were not significantly different between intervention and placebo groups. Coriander seed supplementation led to significant within-group reductions in FBS (156.15±23.19 to 130.30±21.15), serum insulin (17.72±0.47 to 17.12±0.76), HOMA-IR (6.82±0.95 to 5.52±0.99), TC (183.85±55.68 to 145.20±31.36), TG (152.50±37.59 to 130.40 ±27.96), LDL-C (127.35±23.45 to 111.40±25.71), and MDA (1.65±0.15 to 1.49±0.15), whereas there were significant increases observed in serum TAC (1.93±0.12 to 1.97±0.09) (P<0.05). Post-dose comparisons showed significant between-group differences for FBS, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL-C, MDA, and TAC levels after adjusting for baseline values (P<0.05).Conclusions: Coriander seed supplementation was able to improve glycemic indices, lipid profile and oxidative stress status in T2DM and it may be useful complementary treatment in management of these patients.Trial registration: The study protocol was registered on the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials website (IRCT20190224042821N2) on 2019/Oct/11.
Evaluating the Mucoprotective Effects of Glycyrrhizic Acid Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles Against 5-Fluorouracil Induced Intestinal Mucositis in Murine Model via Suppression of Inflammatory Mediators and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Zeeshan Mahira , Atiq Ayesha , Ain Qurat Ul , Ali Jawad , Khan Salman , Ali Hussain
Published: March 2021

Objectives: 5-Flourouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic drug, is linked with severe deteriorating effects on intestine leading to mucositis. Further, Glycyrrhizic acid is a renown herbal medicine with combined mucoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, however associated with pharmacokinetics limitations. Owing to its remarkable therapeutic action in inflammatory bowel disease inside the polymeric nanocarriers, we have tried to explore its activity against 5-FU led intestinal mucositis. Polymeric nanocarriers proved to be efficient drug delivery vehicles for long-term remedy against inflammatory diseases, however, yet not explored for 5-FU induced mucositis. Therefore, the study aimed to produce Glycyrrhizic acid loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (GA-PLGA) nanoparticles to evaluate its protective and therapeutic effects on intestinal mucosa against 5-FU mediated mucositis. Methods: For the said purpose, GA-PLGA nanoparticles were prepared using modified double emulsion method, physicochemically characterized and tested for invitro drug release. Thereafter, mucositis was induced by 5-FU (50 mg/kg; IP) administration to the mice for the first three days (day 0, 1, 2) and orally treated with GA-PLGA nanoparticles till seventh day (day 0-6). Results: GA-PLGA nanoparticles significantly reduced mucositis severity as manifested through recovered body weight, diarrhea score, distress, and anorexia. Further, 5-FU induced intestinal histopathological damage, altered villi-crypt length, low goblet cell count, elevated pro-inflammatory mediators and suppressed antioxidant enzymes were reversed by GA-PLGA nanoparticles’ sustained release therapeutic action. Conclusion: Morphological, behavioral, histological, and biochemical results suggested that GA-PLGA nanoparticles found to be efficient, biocompatible, targeted, sustained release drug delivery nano-vehicle for enhanced mucoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in ameliorating 5-FU intestine mucositis.
Bulked Segregant Analysis Coupled With Whole-Genome Sequencing (BSA-Seq) and Identification of a Novel Locus, qGL3.5, That Regulates Grain Length
Authors: Zhao Haiyan , Zheng Yuebin , Bai Feng , Liu Yang , Deng Sicheng , Liu Xiangdong , Wang Lan
Published: March 2021

Rice grain length (GL) directly affects the yield and quality of this species. Very few GL-related genes cloned are applied in production because their yield-increasing effect was not obvious. In this study, the two bulk-DNA pools (L-pool and S-pool) and their parents’ (KJ01 and Huaye 4) DNAs were subjected to high-throughput sequencing. After assessing the quality of the data, we obtained a total of 100.22 Gb of high-quality data; the average coverage depth was 55x, and the genome coverage was 96.51%. After combining the association results of the ED and SNP index methods, we mapped the GL genes to a 0.34 Mb “hotspot” region on chromosome 3, which contains 37 genes related to various traits. The 37 predicted genes were further analyzed by the use of the Gene GO, COG database and so on. Thirty-three genes were annotated by GO functions. According to the GO annotations, three genes whose molecular function involved in the plasma membrane and intracellular membrane-bound organelles were detected via CRISPR/ Cas9 editing technology. ORF33 was verified to regulate GL and was the target gene qGL3.5. These results provides a new gene resource for rice grain shape breeding and a starting point for functional characterization of the wild rice GL gene.
Using ICD-10 Diagnostic Codes to Identify ‘Missing’ Paediatric Patients During Nationwide COVID-19 Lockdown in Oxfordshire, UK
Authors: Charlesworth James E.G. , Bold Rhian , Pal Rani
Published: March 2021

Objective: To identify diagnoses which were ‘missing’ amongst paediatric inpatients during the UK’s first national lockdown, compared with the same period over the past five years.Study design: A retrospective observational cohort study of all children (0-15 years) attending for urgent care across Oxfordshire, during the first UK lockdown in 2020, compared to matched dates in 2015-2019. This covers two paediatric hospitals providing secondary care, one with tertiary services. Main outcomes: Changes in numbers of patients attending and inpatient diagnoses (using ICD-10 classification) during the first 2020 lockdown, compared with the previous five years.Results: Total ED attendances (n=4030) and hospital admissions (n=1416) during the first UK lockdown were reduced by 56.8% and 59.4%, respectively, compared to attendances/admissions in 2015-2019 (5-year mean n=7446.8 and n=2491.6, respectively). Proportions of patients admitted from ED and length of stay were similar in lockdown to 2015-2019. Significantly greater numbers of neoplasms were diagnosed during lockdown than the same period in 2015-2019 (p= 0.0123). 80% of diagnoses ‘missing’ during lockdown were categorised as infectious diseases or their sequelae, whilst 20% were non-specific pains/aches/malaise and accidental injury/poisonings. Conclusions: Using standardised ICD-10 codes as a measure of diagnostic activity between years; ‘missing’ diagnoses can be identified. Our findings may suggest parents are supervising infectious illness at home or had anxieties about hospital attendance, with self-limited low-morbidity disease. Prospective studies should establish if parents/carers are adequately supported in caring for their children at home, and that access and referral pathways are appropriate where children have concerning clinical features.
Cost effectiveness of ceritinib in patients previously treated with crizotinib and chemotherapy with anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive (ALK+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the United States
Authors: Zhang Yichen , Shao Yixue , Stoecker Charles , Shi Lizheng
Published: March 2021

BackgroundLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Among non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase mutation (ALK+) and who were resistant to crizotinib, ceritinib was approved as a following treatment. Ceritinib was found to be cost effective among Canadian patients, but its cost effectiveness among US population remains unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the cost-effectiveness of ceritinib versus chemotherapy among ALK+ NSCLC patients who received treatment of crizotinib and chemotherapy, from the US healthcare perspective.MethodsA Markov model with three health states (progression-free, progression, and death) and a partitioned survival analysis model (PartSA) were developed, respectively. Survival functions, including progression free survival and overall survival, for ceritinib and chemotherapy were extrapolated from clinical trials ASCEND-2, ASCEND-5, and PROFILE-1007. Costs for the drugs, monitoring, and adverse events, and utilities at each health state were derived from published literature. Costs were inflated to 2018 US dollars. An annual discount rate of 3% was applied to costs and utilities, and a 5-year time horizon was applied to the analysis. Incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained for ceritinib versus chemotherapy was estimated with $150,000/QALY as the US willingness-to-pay threshold. Sensitivity analyses (i.e., one-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis) were conducted to test the uncertainties of the models.ResultsBoth models find ceritinib yields fewer QALYs than chemotherapy. The Markov model indicates modest cost-savings of ceritinib when compared to chemotherapy (-$3,131) and small declines in health (-1.04 QALYs) ($3008.39 per QALY lost). The PartSA model indicates additional costs of ceritinib when compared to chemotherapy ($12,884.95) and similar declines in health (-0.87 QALYs), indicating a dominated strategy. Both models were most sensitive to parameters of medical cost for progression disease and cost of ceritinib.ConclusionsCeritinib is not cost effective compared to chemotherapy among patients who were previously treated with crizotinib and chemotherapy, from the US healthcare perspective.
The role of soil types on the relation between individual soil properties and Fusarium wilt expression in 'Gros Michel' bananas
Authors: Mena Rafael Segura , Stoorvogel Jetse J. , F. Jorge A. Sandoval
Published: March 2021

Aims This study looks whether the response of soil management (liming and nitrogen fertilization) on the incidence of Fusarium wilt (Foc Race 1) in Gros Michel banana (Musa AAA) is influenced by soil types. Methods The effect of inoculation with Foc Race 1 was studied in a factorial greenhouse trial with eight representative soil types of the Costa Rican banana region, two pH levels; and three levels of N-fertilization. After an 8-week period, plant biomass, leaf area, and a disease index were measured.Results There were significant effects of soil pH and N, and their interactions on disease expression. Low pH levels and high N-fertilization increased the disease expression. The response to changes in soil pH and N-fertilization differed considerably between the different soil types. Conclusions Although soil pH and N influence Fusarium wilt in banana, each soil type differs in its response to these soil properties. This complicates the development of standard soil management strategies in terms of e.g., N-fertilization and liming to mitigate or fight the disease.
Resistin increases cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells via a mitochondria-mediated pathway
Authors: Gong Wei-Jing , Zhou Tao , Xu Jia-Qiang , Huang Yi-Fei , Xiang Li-Ping , Zeng Fang , Han Yong , Lv Yong-Ning , Zhang Yu , Wu San-Lan
Published: March 2021

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer with a high mortality rate. Cisplatin is one of the most important chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of lung cancer patients, especially in advanced stages. Recent studies showed that cisplatin may interact with mitochondria which may partly account for its cytotoxicity. In the study, we explored the effect of resistin on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in A549 cells and assessed whether mitochondria-dependent apoptosis was involved. Our results found that 25 ng/ml resistin could significantly increase cisplatin-induced apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest, enhance reactive oxygen species generation, exacerbate the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, promote the distribution of cytochrome C in the cytoplasm from mitochondria, and activate caspase 3. Therefore, the results suggested that resistin might increase cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity via a mitochondria-mediated pathway in A549 cells. However, the precise mechanism has yet to be explored in the future.
Fermentation products of Danshen relieved dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental ulcerative colitis in mice
Authors: Su Le , Su Yue , An Zaiyong , Zhang Ping , Yue Qiulin , Zhao Chen , Sun Xin , Zhang Song , Liu Xinli , Li Kunlun , Zhao Lin
Published: March 2021

With the increased incidence and recognition, ulcerative colitis (UC) has become a global public health problem in the world. Although many immunosuppressants and biological drugs have been used for UC treatment, the cure rate is still very low. It is necessary to find some safe and long-term used medicine for UC cure. In recent years, fermented Chinese medicine has been more and more used in the treatments of inflammatory and chronic diseases. In this manuscript, Lactobacillus Rhamnosus (F-B4-1) and Bacillus Subtillis Natto (F-A7-1) were selected to ferment enzymatic Danshen. The fermented Danshen products were gavaged in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC model mice. It is suggested that after fermented Danshen with Rhamnosus and then with Natto, Danshen had the better results to attenuate symptom of DSS-induced UC. It reduced the loss of body weight and disease activity index (DAI) and inhibited the abnormally short colon lengths and the colonic damage. Moreover, it suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine expression during DSS-induced UC. The results indicated that fermented Danshen relieved DSS-induced UC in mice. And the Danshen fermented by probiotics might be an effective drug to treat UC in the clinic in the future.
Ethanol Extract of Spondias mombin L. Leaves Exhibits Antidiarrhoeal Activity by Stimulation of Na+–K+ ATPase, Inhibition of Prostaglandins or Suppression of Nitric Oxide
Authors: Ogunro Olalekan Bukunmi , Ofeniforo Emmanuel Bankole
Published: March 2021

This study was to justify the acclaimed antidiarrhoeal activity of ethanol extract of Spondias mombin leaves (EESML) and to suggest probable mechanism of action.EESML was screened for its secondary metabolites. The diarrhoeal models involved randomized Wistar rats in 5 groups of 6 animals each. Animals in groups A&B (negative and positive control) were treated with normal saline and loperamide respectively while those in groups C, D and E received 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of EESML respectively.EESML contained saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, phenolics and glycosides. EESML lengthened the onset time of diarrhoea and as well caused reductions in the number, fresh weight and total number of wet feaces; and increase in the inhibition of defecations. EESML increased the intestinal activity of Na+–K+ ATPase; the concentrations of intestinal Na+, K+, Cl-, total protein and glucose but decreased the concentration of nitric oxide of the diarrhoeal rats. The intestinal fluid concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl- were dose dependently increased by EESML. EESML also increased the length of the small intestine.EESML possess antidiarrhoeal activity owing to the secondary metabolites, ability to enhance Na+–K+ATPase activity and electrolytes as well as suppression of nitric oxide.
Clinical Safety and Efficacy of a Preloaded Monofocal Hydrophobic Acrylic Intraocular Lens in a Real-world Population
Authors: Latham Samuel , Carr Francis , Ali Hala , Gangwani Vinod
Published: March 2021

Background: This study was designed to evaluate visual, refractive and safety outcomes in eyes after they underwent phacoemulsification and implantation of a preloaded monofocal hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens.Methods: This was a single center prospective study conducted at Ashford and St Peter’s Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom. Patients were included if they had cataract extraction with in-the-bag implantation of the EyeCee® One preloaded intraocular lens from August to October 2019. Pre-operative, surgery-related and 2 weeks and 3 months post-operative data was collected. Surgeons at this trust were then asked to complete a feedback form to evaluate their experience of implanting the EyeCee® One. Results: 152 eyes were included in the study. 94 (62%) of these eyes had cataract but no concomitant ocular pathology that could potentially affect visual acuity. Three months post-operatively, 98.7% of all eyes had monocular CDVA ≤ 0.3 logMAR. 100% of the eyes without concomitant ocular pathology achieved this target. The mean CDVA of all eyes in this study improved from 0.43 ± 0.43 logMAR pre-operatively, to 0.05 ± 0.11 logMAR post-operatively (p < 0.05). The mean sphere and spherical equivalent values showed significant improvements (p <0.05) and (p < 0.05). There were no intraoperative complications and 1.3% of patients reported complications 2 weeks post-operatively. All of the participating surgeons said they would use the EyeCee® One again with 64% providing an overall rating of ‘excellent’ for their experience of implanting this intraocular lens. Conclusions: This study indicates excellent post-operative visual acuity and refractive outcomes in eyes after EyeCee® One implantation. This is accompanied with very little risk of intraoperative and post-operative complications.
Surface Hybrid Nanocomposite Produced by Friction Stir Processing: Microstructural Evolution, Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior
Authors: Ahmadifard Saeed , Shahin Nasir , Vakili-azghandi Mojtaba , Kazemi Shahab
Published: March 2021

This study investigates the effects of incorporating Ti3AlC2 MAX phase into Al7075-T6 alloy by friction stir processing as well as adding Al2O3 nanoparticles to obtain a surface hybrid nanocomposite. These composites were successfully prepared by friction stir processing with a rotational speed of 1000 rpm and a travel speed of 28 mm/min after 3 passes. Optical, atomic force and scanning electron microscopy as well as microhardness, tensile and wear tests utilized to characterize the fabricated surface hybrid nanocomposites. Results showed that the maximum tensile strength and hardness value were achieved for Al-100% Al2O3 composite due to more grain refinement and effective dispersion of nanoparticles. Due to its laminar structure, Ti3AlC2 MAX phase enhanced better tribological characterization whereas Al2O3 nanoparticles cause better mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy tests revealed that the wear mechanism changes from adhesive for Al7075 alloy to adhesive-abrasive for the nanocomposite specimens.
Neurological Development and Iron Supplementation in Healthy Late-Preterm Neonates: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial
Authors: Luciano Rita , Romeo Domenico Marco , Mancini Giuseppina , Sivo Serena , Dolci Carolina , Velli Chiara , Colonna Arianna Turriziani , Vento Giovanni , Romagnoli Costantino , Mercuri Eugenio Maria
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveLate-preterm infants (LPT) are at increased risk for long-term neurodevelopmental sequelaeand iron deficiency. Aim of the study is to assess the positive effect of iron supplementation on neurological development in healthy LPT.DesignWe designed a perspective, randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial. The newborns were randomized in two groups: thirty-three patients received martial prophylaxis, thirty-three placebo. Every patient was assessed using the Griffith Mental Development Scales (GMDS)-II edition at 12 months of post-conceptional age.SettingThe study was performed at the Neonatology Unit of Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS.PatientsSixty-six healthy LPT infants born between 340⁄7 and 366⁄7 weeks of Gestational Age were enrolled in the study.InterventionsOne group received martial prophylaxis from the third week of life to six months of post-conceptional age (2 mg/kg/day of iron pidolate), the other received placebo.Main outcome measuresFifty-two of the enrolled infants were assessed using the GMDS at 12-month of post-conceptional age. Statistical analysis of the mean scores of the Griffith subscales was performed.ResultsThere was a difference in the mean Developmental Quotient (DQ) (p<0.01) between the two groups: Iron Group mean DQ 121.45+10.53 vs Placebo Group mean DQ 113.25+9.70. Moreover, mean scores of the Griffith subscales A, B and D showed significant differences between the two Groups (scale A p<0.05, scale B p<0.02, scale D p<0.01 respectively).ConclusionsOur data show that newborns who received iron supplementation during the first six months of life achieved significantly better neurological outcomes at GMDS than Placebo group.
Power Flow Adjustment for Smart Microgrid Based on Edge Computing and Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Pu Tianjiao , Jiao Fei , Cao Yifan , Liu Zhicheng , Qiu Chao , Qiao Ji , Zhang Shuhua
Published: March 2021

As one of the core components that improve transportation, generation, delivery, and electricity consumption in terms of protection and reliability, smart grid can provide full visibility and universal control of power assets and services, provide resilience to system anomalies and enable new ways to supply and trade resources in a coordinated manner.

In current power grids, a large number of power supply and demand components, sensing and control devices generate lots of requirements, e.g., data perception, information transmission, business processing and real-time control, while existing centralized cloud computing paradigm is hard to address issues and challenges such as rapid response and local autonomy.

Specifically, the trend of micro grid computing is one of the key challenges in smart grid, because a lot of in the power grid, diverse, adjustable supply components and more complex, optimization of difficulty is also relatively large, whereas traditional, manual, centralized methods are often dependent on expert experience, and requires a lot of manpower. Furthermore, the application of edge intelligence to power flow adjustment in smart grid is still in its infancy.

In order to meet this challenge, we propose a power control framework combining edge computing and machine learning, which makes full use of edge nodes to sense network state and power control, so as to achieve the goal of fast response and local autonomy. Furthermore, we design and implement parameters such as state, action and reward by using deep reinforcement learning to make intelligent control decisions, aiming at the problem that flow calculation often does not converge.

The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method with successful dynamic power flow calculating and stable operation under various power conditions.
The expression and significance of inflammatory cytokines and MMP-9 in the tears of the infected eye and contralateral uninfected eye in patients with fungal keratitis
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Wu Hui-Min , Cao Xiang-Ni , Zhang Xian-Qi , Gao Gui-ping
Published: March 2021

Background: We investigated bilateral tear cytokine levels including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in patients with fungal keratitis(FK). Meanwhile, we evaluated the relationship between the changes of tear cytokines with corneal perception and pain in infected eyes, and the relationship between tear cytokines and tear film function in contralateral uninfected eyes .Methods : A total of 60(20 FK, 20 contralateral, 20 healthy controls) tear samples were collected prospectively and analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Approximately 50 to 60 ul of tear samples in each case were collected. Meanwhile ,we analyzed the changes of visual analogue scale(VAS), tear breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer I test (SIT) and corneal perception compared with healthy controls. Results :The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-17 increased in bilateral eyes compared with healthy controls(P<0.05). The tear concentrations of MMP-9 , TNF-α only significantly increased in affected eyes (P <0.05). Patients with FK showed significant reduction in corneal perception of infected eyes compared with controls(P<0.05). Corneal perception of the normal eyes in FK patients was slightly lower than that of control group, but there was not statistical difference (P>0.05).TBUT and SIT of contralateral uninfected eyes were significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05), which were significantly correlated with levels of IL-1β, IL-17(P<0.05). SIT were also negatively correlated with MMP-9(P<0.05), while the levels of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α and MMP-9 in the tears of the healthy control group had no significant correlation with TBUT and SIT indicators(P>0.05).The corneal perception and VAS score of the affected FK eyes showed correlation with IL-1β, IL-17 and TNF-α(P<0.05).In addition, concentration of IL-10 inversely was correlated with VAS (P<0.05). Conclusion: Proinflammatory tear cytokines are elevated in bilateral eyes with unilateral FK as associated with tear film function ,pain and corneal sensitivity.
The Dual Effect and Mechanism of (-)-epicatechin on Hypoxic-induced Proliferation and Apoptosis of Cardiac Fibroblasts
Authors: Li Jiawen , Zheng Xingchang , Guo Zuoming , Fan Ying , Tian Fang , Li Teng , Pan Qing , Liu Fengyu , Liang Xiao
Published: March 2021

Objective: Cardiovascular diseases impose a considerable economic burden on health services and remain a threat to human being. (-)-Epicatechin [(-)-EPI], a traditional Chinese medicine is applied to treatment against the cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we aimed at investigating the underlying mechanism whereby (-)-EPI affects myocardial fibrosis (MF).Methods: The efficacy of (-)-EPI was determined in mouse models of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and hypoxia-treated fibroblasts. Western blot and RT-qPCR analyses were conducted to determine TGF-β1, SMAD2 and SMAD3 expression, as collagen content was detected. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were carried out to detect fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis. HE and Masson staining reflected the histological change of myocardial tissuesResults: Compared to sham-operated mice, AMI group exhibited MF and hypoxia-treated cardiac fibroblasts proliferation was restrained and apoptosis was increased. Treatment with (-)-EPI significantly attenuated the MF condition and restored fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis, whereas these effects were abrogated by the TGF-β1 agonist HY-100347A. (-)-EPI administration caused a decline in TGF-β1, SMAD2 and SMAD3 expression. Mechanistically, (-)-EPI targeting TGF-β signaling inhibits collagen deposition and attenuates MF.Conclusion: Collectively, (-)-EPI could improve MF following AMI through down-regulation of TGF-β1 signaling, providing a novel insight into treatment against the cardiovascular diseases.
Risk Factors for Malignancies in Pediatric Population: Results of A Population-Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Saab Yolande , Naccache Mirna , Zeenny Rony , Nabhani-Gebara Shereen , Sholy Lydia
Published: March 2021

Cancer is the most common cause of disease-related deaths in childhood. Many sociodemographic, socioeconomic, environmental and genetic risk factors have been associated with a childhood cancer risk. However, few to no such studies have been conducted in the Middle East including Lebanon. This is a population-based case-control study that was conducted in the Lebanese pediatric population. Data was collected through face- to-face interviews, using a questionnaire, with parents of children with cancer in Lebanese pediatric cancer centers over a two-year period. In total, the sample consisted of 322 participants. Results showed that there are several sociodemographic, socioeconomic, environmental factors, in addition to consanguinity between parents, level of education and occupation of the parents , area of residence of the child (location and proximity to high-voltage electrical networks, garbage disposal areas, industrial factories and high-ways) as well as sibling history of cancer are risk factors for childhood cancers in Lebanon. Conclusion: This study informs policy makers on the risk factors in order to find solution as well as policies to decrease and mitigate these risks.
Feedback of 5th-Year Pharmacy Students About Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) After the Pharmaceutical Care Course in Poland.
Authors: Dymek Justyna , Kowalski Tomasz Mateusz , Skowron Agnieszka , Nowakowski Michal , Golda Anna
Published: March 2021

Background

An important part of the pharmaceutical study program is a thorough assessment of students' practical skills. The new form of assessing skills in pharmacy teaching is the Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE).
Methods

The study was conducted in the winter semesters in the academic years 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. The study was attended by students of the 5th -year of pharmacy who first time taking the OSPE. After the exam, students filled in an anonymous questionnaire about their general approach to OSPE. They assessed each station and the self-assessment. The results were analyzed by performing statistical analyses and compared between years.
Results

A total of 183 5th -year pharmacy students participated in the study, including 108 students in the 2018–2019 academic year and 75 students in the 2019–2020 academic year. Pharmacy students rated OSPE as a reliable tool for assessing their practical skills. Half of the students had a positive attitude towards OSPE, but the vast majority stated that OSPE was stressful for them. Over 70% of students assessed that stations with simulated patients create real situations in pharmacy. Students found that OSPE is a better form of the exam than the written exam.
Conclusion

Pharmacy students rated the OSPE exam as a reliable tool for assessing their practical skills. The results of the survey indicate that the students accepted the new form of the examination. As well, they evaluated the OSPEs well in terms of testing their skills.
Posterior Semicircular Canal Gene Delivery in the Adult Mammalian Inner Ear
Authors: Zhu Jianliang , Choi Jin Woong , Ishibashi Yasuko , Isgrig Kevin , Grati Mhamed , Bennett Jean , Chien Wade
Published: March 2021

Hearing loss is a common disability affecting the world’s population today. While several studies have shown that inner ear gene therapy can be successfully applied to mouse models of hereditary hearing loss to improve hearing, most of these studies rely on inner ear gene delivery in the neonatal age, when mouse inner ear has not fully developed. However, the human inner ear is fully developed at birth. Therefore, in order for inner ear gene therapy to be successfully applied in patients with hearing loss, one must demonstrate that gene delivery can be safely and reliably performed in the mature mammalian inner ear. The posterior semicircular canal approach has been shown to be an effective gene delivery method in the neonatal mouse inner ear. In this study, we examine the steps involved in posterior semicircular canal gene delivery in the adult mouse inner ear. We observe that the adult mouse inner ear is more susceptible to surgical trauma. We also find that the duration of perilymphatic leakage and injection rate have a significant effect on the post-surgical hearing outcome. Our results show that AAV2.7m8 is capable of transducing the adult mouse inner and outer hair cells with high efficiency.
Compatative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis among 1-, 2- and 3-year Old Atractylodes Chinensis
Authors: Zhao Jianhua , Sun Chengzhen , Ma Shanshan , Zheng Jinshuang , Du Xin , Zhang Liping
Published: March 2021

Background: Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz is a well-known medicinal plant containing the major bioactive compound, atrctylodin, a sesquiterpenoids. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis demonstrated that atrctylodin was most abundant in 3-year old A. chinensis rhizomes, compared with those from 1-year and 2-year-old plants, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying accumulation of atrctylodin in rhizomes are poorly understood. Results: In this study, we characterized the transcriptomes from 1-, 2, and 3-year old (Y1, Y2, and Y3, respectively) A. chinensis, to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We identified 205 and 226 unigenes encoding the enzyme genes in the mevalonate (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis pathways, respectively. To confirm the reliability of the RNA sequencing analysis, eleven genes key genes encoding factors involved in the sesquiterpene biosynthetic pathway, as well as in pigment, amino acid, hormone, and transcription factor functions, were selected for quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. The results demonstrated similar expression patterns to those determined by RNA sequencing, with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.9 between qRT-PCR and RNA-seq data. Differential gene expression analysis of samples from different ages revealed 52 genes related to sesquiterpenoids biosynthesis. Among these, seven DEGs were identified in Y1 vs Y2, Y1 vs Y3, and Y2 vs Y3, of which five encoded four key enzymes, squalene/phytoene synthase, squalene-hopene cyclase, squalene epoxidase and dammarenediol II synthase. These four enzymes directly related to squalene biosynthesis and subsequent catalytic action. To validate the result of these seven DEGs, qRT-PCR was performed and indicated most of them displayed lower relative expression in 3-year old rhizome, similar to transcriptomic analysis. Conclusion: The enzymes SS, SHC, SE and DS down-regulated expression in 3-year old rhizome. This data corresponded to the higher content of sesquiterpenes in 3-year old rhizome, and confirmed by qRT-PCR. The results of comparative transcriptome analysis and identified key enzyme genes laid a solid foundation for investigation of production sesquiterpenoid in A. chinensis.
Structural, Dielectric, Magnetic and Magneto-Dielectric Properties of (1-x)BiFeO3–(x)CaTiO3 Composites
Authors: Khan Bushra , Kumar Aditya , Yadav Preeti , Singh Gulab , Kumar Ashok , Singh Manoj Kumar
Published: March 2021

(1-x) BiFeO3–(x) CaTiO3 [(1-x) BFO – (x) CTO, (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3)] composites were synthesized using sol-gel chemical rout method. X-ray diffraction investigation shows the crystal structure changes from rhombohedral to monoclinic for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2, and it changes to orthorhombic at x ≤ 0.3. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) investigation confirms the the microstructure consists of randomly oriented, homogenous, and non-uniform grains. The dielectric permittivity (ε) and tangent loss (tanδ) decreases with increasing frequency and show dielectric anomalies (as a hump) at different temperatures for different compositions. The incorporation of CTO, decreases three order of leakage current (up to x = 0.2) and significantly improve the magnetization and magneto-dielectric coupling. The frequency-dependent ac conductivity obeys Jonscher’s power law with large ac conductivity dispersion for higher frequencies with increasing CTO concentration. The variations of ac conductivity with the inverse of temperature obey the Arrhenius equation and show negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behavior. The ferromagnetic (FM) properties in BFO-CTO increases significantly with an increase of the CTO concentration. The coercive field increases with increasing CTO concentration suggesting a competition between the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic ordering. At room temperature, all the samples show strong magneto-dielectric coupling.