bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of hydrogen on magnetic properties in MgO studied by first-principles calculations and experiments
Authors: Fongkaew Ittipon , Yotburut Benjaporn , Sailuam Wutthigrai , Jindata Warakorn , Thiwatwaranikul Theerawee , Khamkongkaeo Atchara , Chuewangkam Nattapong , Tanapongpisit Nantawat , Saenrang Wittawat , Utke Rapee , Thongbai Prasit , Pinitsoontorn Supree , Limpijumnong Sukit , Meevasana Worawat
Published: June 2022

We investigated the effects of both intrinsic defects and hydrogen atom impurities on the magnetic properties of MgO samples. MgO in its pure defect-free state is known to be a nonmagnetic semiconductor. We employed density-functional theory and the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE) density functional. The calculated formation energy and total magnetic moment indicated that uncharged $${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{Mg}}^{0}$$

V

Mg

0

and singly charged $${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{Mg}}^{-1}$$

V

Mg

-
1

magnesium vacancies are more stable than oxygen vacancies (VO) under O-rich growth conditions and introduce a magnetic moment to MgO. The calculated density of states (DOS) results demonstrated that magnetic moments of VMg result from spin polarization of an unpaired electron of the partially occupied valence band, which is dominated by O 2p orbitals. Based on our calculations, VMg is the origin of magnetism and ferromagnetism in MgO. In contrast, the magnetic moment of the magnetic VMg-MgO crystal is suppressed by hydrogen (H) atoms, and unpaired electrons are donated to the unpaired electronic states of VMg when the defect complex Hi-VMg is formed. This suggests that H causes a reduction in magnetization of the ferromagnetic MgO. We then performed experimental studies to verify the DFT predictions by subjecting the MgO sample to a thermal treatment that creates Mg vacancies in the structure and intentionally doping the MgO sample with hydrogen atoms. We found good agreement between the DFT results and the experimental data. Our findings suggest that the ferromagnetism and diamagnetism of MgO can be controlled by heat treatment and hydrogen doping, which may find applications in magnetic sensing and switching under different environmental conditions.
Serum folate levels and hypertension
Authors: Lee Yoonkyung , Park Sangshin
Published: June 2022

We aimed to examine the association between serum folate levels and hypertension in Korean adults. Our study population was 6343 Korean adults whose blood pressure and folate levels were measured in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018. We aggregated the study populations into quintiles according to serum folate levels (1.5–4.3, 4.4–5.7, 5.8–7.5, 7.6–10.3, and 10.4–35.9 ng/mL). Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to analyze the relationships between serum folate levels, blood pressure, and hypertension. The weighted average of serum folate levels was 7.4 ng/mL, and the weighted prevalence of hypertension was 30.4% in the study populations. After adjusting for all potential confounders, compared to those in the lowest quintile of serum folate levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the people in the other quintiles were not significantly different. The linear relationship between serum folate levels and blood pressure was not statistically significant. The odds for hypertension were not significantly different across the quintiles of serum folate levels. This study showed high serum folate levels was not significantly associated with lowering hypertension in Korean adults.
An assessment of branching asymmetry of the tracheobronchial tree
Authors: Miguel Antonio F.
Published: June 2022

The tracheobronchial tree is commonly seen to have a systematic branching symmetry, despite being known to have an asymmetrical design. Branching asymmetry allows for uniform airflow and provides robustness against the morphogenesis-related size variability. Here, a constructal approach is used to tracheobronchial tree analysis, and a general model based on entropy generation during breathing process is provided, which holds with asymmetric characteristics of the tree, and the change for inhaling and exhaling air. In contrast to traditional models available in the literature, the entropy generation of inspiration and expiration processes is compared for symmetry and asymmetric designs. This approach unravels the fundamental consequences of asymmetric constraint in the process of breathing and provides justification for the tracheobronchial tree having the same number of bifurcation levels as optimized symmetrical trees.
903 Protein Saver cards: the best alternative for dried blood spot storage at room temperature for HCV RNA
Authors: Arca-Lafuente Sonia , Casanueva-Benítez Cristina , Crespo-Bermejo Celia , Lara-Aguilar Violeta , Martín-Carbonero Luz , de los Santos Ignacio , Madrid Ricardo , Briz Verónica
Published: June 2022

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a global health problem, detected only in the early stages by molecular tests. Molecular tests detect HCV RNA, which is very prone to degradation by ribonucleases, reason why blood samples must be transported and stored at − 20 °C, or even − 70 °C for long-term storage. Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) cards are a useful sampling collecting device for dry blood spot (DBS) storage, especially for low and middle-income countries (LMIC). In this study, we analyzed viral HCV RNA integrity for long-term storage at room temperature compared to − 20 °C using two different types of cards for DBS: FTA Classic and 903 Protein Saver cards. For this purpose, DBS were prepared on these cards using blood or plasma samples from HCV infected patients, and samples were analysed by conventional RT-PCR. Our results showed that 903 Protein Saver cards are the best and cheapest alternative for DBS storage at room temperature. In these conditions, we found that HCV RNA integrity lasted for up to 9 months.
Antarctic krill peptide alleviates liver fibrosis via downregulating the secondary bile acid mediated NLRP3 signaling pathway
Authors: Yue Hao , Li Yanqi , Cai Weizhen , Bai Xiaolin , Dong Ping , Wang Jingfeng
Published: June 2022

The Antarctic krill peptide supplement remodeled the gut microbiota and downregulated secondary bile acid-mediated NLRP3 signaling to improve liver fibrosis.
Speciation of inorganic selenium in natural water by in situ solid-phase extraction using functionalized silica
Authors: Losev Vladimir , Didukh-Shadrina Svetlana , Orobyeva Anastasya , Borodina Elena , Elsuf'ev Evgeniy , Metelitsa Sergey , Ondar Urana
Published: June 2022

Functionalized adsorbents with poly-(4,9-dioxododecane-1,12-guanidine) (SiO2–PDDG) and mercaptophenyl groups (MPhS) were used for the separation of Se(vi) and Se(iv) for the first time.
Promoting optoelectronic properties of Cs2AgBiBr6 nanocrystals by formation of heterostructures with BiOCl nanosheets
Authors: Yang Lei , Li Yuping , Zhang Wei , Liu Yanlei , Cao Jiacheng , Cao Yang , Bao Jusheng , Wang Zhiwei , Wang Lin , Huang Xiao
Published: June 2022

The photoluminescent and photodetection properties of lead-free double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 nanocrystals were enhanced upon formation of heterostructures with BiOCl nanosheets through a colloidal synthesis method.
Oxamic acids: useful precursors of carbamoyl radicals
Authors: Ogbu Ikechukwu Martin , Kurtay Gülbin , Robert Frédéric , Landais Yannick
Published: June 2022

Thermal, photochemical, or electrochemical-mediated decarboxylation of oxamic acids generate nucleophilic carbamoyl radicals, which react efficiently with unsaturated systems, but also with amines, alcohols and thiols under oxidative conditions.
Stimuli-responsive prodrug of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac: self-immolative drug release with turn-on near-infrared fluorescence
Authors: Sufian Abu , Bhattacherjee Debojit , Barman Pallavi , Srivastava Abhay , Thummer Rajkumar P. , Bhabak Krishna P.
Published: June 2022

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive near infrared (NIR) fluorogenic non-toxic prodrug DCI-ROS is developed for the self-immolative sustained release of diclofenac (DCF) with turn-on NIR fluorescence.
Homologue-paired liquids as special non-ionic deep eutectic solvents for efficient absorption of SO2
Authors: Wu Hangzhi , Xiong Wenjie , Wen Shuyue , Zhang Xiaomin , Zhang Shule
Published: June 2022

This work develops low-viscous homologue-paired liquids as a special kind of non-ionic deep eutectic solvent for efficient capture of SO2.
Refining details of the structural and electronic properties of the CuB site in pMMO enzyme through sequential molecular dynamics/CPKS-EPR calculations
Authors: Da Silva William Daniel B. , Dias Roberta P. , Da Silva Júlio C.S.
Published: June 2022

MD/CPKS-computational results support recent EPR-experimental data interpretations proposing that pMMO's CuB-site is an octahedral complex containing two waters axially bound.
Molecular simulation of enhanced separation of humid air components using GO–PVA nanocomposite membranes under differential pressures
Authors: Liu Yilin , Su Jincai , Duan Fei , Cui Xin , Yan Weichao , Jin Liwen
Published: June 2022

GO nanoparticle embedding notably promotes the water vapor adsorption but inhibits the nitrogen adsorption in the membrane.
The pressure induced phase diagram of double-layer ice under confinement: a first-principles study
Authors: Jyothirmai M. V. , Abraham B. Moses , Singh Jayant K.
Published: June 2022

Here, we present double-layer ice confined within various carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using state-of-the-art pressure induced (−5 GPa to 5 GPa) dispersion corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Low-energy configurations of Pt6Cu6 clusters and their physical–chemical characterization: a high-accuracy DFT study
Authors: Mejía-López J. , Velásquez E. A. , Mazo-Zuluaga J.
Published: June 2022

A methodology to obtain low-energy isomers is presented and probed with PtCu systems, and their structural, electronic, magnetic, anisotropy and thermal-vibrational properties are studied in depth.
Physico-geometrical kinetics of the thermal dehydration of sodium carbonate monohydrate as a compacted composite of inorganic hydrate comprising crystalline particles and matrix
Authors: Zushi Yuto , Iwasaki Shun , Koga Nobuyoshi
Published: June 2022

Thermal dehydration of a compacted composite of an inorganic hydrate occurs via a multistep process comprising successive contracting geometry reactions.
Oxalate-bridging NdIII-based arsenotungstate with multifunctional NIR-luminescence and magnetic properties
Authors: Chen Hanhan , Sun Lin , Zheng Kangting , Zhang Jinpeng , Ma Pengtao , Wang Jingping , Niu Jingyang
Published: June 2022

NIR luminescent oxalate-bridging Nd-based arsenotungstate exhibits field-induced single-molecule magnet behavior, and represents the third example of Nd-based POM SMMs.
The surface structure, stability, and catalytic performances toward O2 reduction of CoP and FeCoP2
Authors: Huang Mengru , Sun Chunyan , Zhang Xiangrui , Wang Peijie , Xu Shusheng , Shi Xue-Rong
Published: June 2022

CoP and FeCoP2 exhibit a similar equilibrium crystal shape and facet-dependent activity toward the O2 reduction reaction, but the activity varies.
Particle association and size fraction of molecular viral fecal pollution indicators in wastewater
Authors: Greaves Justin , North Devin , Bibby Kyle
Published: June 2022

This study showed all viral targets to be highly associated with larger particles in wastewater illustrating the importance of particle association in controlling viral fate and transport in environmental waters.
Characterization of Pt-doping effects on nanoparticle emission: a theoretical look at Au24Pt(SH)18 and Au24Pt(SC3H7)18
Authors: Havenridge Shana , Weerawardene K. L. Dimuthu M. , Aikens Christine M.
Published: June 2022

Au24Pt(SR)18 clusters have low-energy excited states with forbidden transitions and higher-energy excited states that undergo nonradiative transitions to lower-energy states.
Rapid synthesis of zeolites through g-C3N4-based photocatalysis
Authors: Liu Yang , Xue Xiao , Wang Yanshuai , Ye Fei , Dai Jian-Guo , Chen Guohua
Published: June 2022

ROS-dominant fast and green synthesis of zeolites within 8 hours at room temperature has been realized for the first time by using photocatalytic induced ˙OH and ˙O2− to accelerate the Si–O (Al–O) bonds breaking and reforming.
Graphite oxide catalyzed one-pot synthesis of highly functionalized spirodibenzo[1,4]diazepine derivatives in aqueous ethanol medium
Authors: Sarkar Rajib , Dam Binoyargha , Kyndiah Lenida , Sarkar Fillip Kumar , Gajurel Sushmita , Pal Amarta Kumar
Published: June 2022

We presented the synthesis of highly functionalized spirodibenzo[1,4]diazepine derivatives using graphite oxide (GO) as a metal-free carbocatalystviaa one-pot three-component strategy.
Striding the threshold of photocatalytic lignin-first biorefining via a bottom-up approach: from model compounds to realistic lignin
Authors: Xu Jikun , Zhou Pengfei , Zhang Chuntao , Yuan Lan , Xiao Xiao , Dai Lin , Huo Kaifu
Published: June 2022

This critical review delivers an in-depth description of advancements and challenges in the photocatalytic lignin-first biorefining via a bottom-up paradigm, ranging from models transformation mechanism to practical lignin tactics.
Iron-catalyzed ring-opening of cyclic carboxylic acids enabled by photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer
Authors: Tu Jia-Lin , Gao Han , Luo Mengqi , Zhao Lulu , Yang Chao , Guo Lin , Xia Wujiong
Published: June 2022

A decarboxylative ring-opening reaction of cyclic tertiary carboxylic acidsviaan iron-catalyzed photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) process is herein reported.
Characterization of wax valving and μPIV analysis of microscale flow in paper-fluidic devices for improved modeling and design
Authors: Newsham Emilie I. , Phillips Elizabeth A. , Ma Hui , Chang Megan M. , Wereley Steven T. , Linnes Jacqueline C.
Published: June 2022

Wax valves were modeled and optimized for use in multi-step paper-fluidic devices. Micro-particle image velocimetry quantified microscale flow in nitrocellulose.
Melt electrowritten poly(caprolactone) lattices incorporated with silver nanoparticles for directional water transport antibacterial wound dressings
Authors: Du Lei , Yang Liu , Xu Bingjie , Nie Longping , Lu Huali , Wu Jindan , Xu Huaizhong , Lou Yi
Published: June 2022

The composite dressing has excellent antibacterial ability and directional water transport effect, showing potential application in wound care.
Well-constructed approach of exceptionally water-stable (mesoporous SiO2)-on-(microporous Cu-BTC) composite for efficient methylene blue capture
Authors: Dong Haotian , Chen Jiehong , Wu Danping , Xue Kunpeng , Ma Na , Dai Wei
Published: June 2022

A novel (mesoporous SiO2)-on-(microporous Cu-BTC) exhibits good hydrothermal stability and methylene blue capture ability.
Immobilized biogenic copper nanoparticles from metallic wastewater as a catalyst for triazole synthesis by a click reaction using water as a solvent
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Pakshirajan Kannan
Published: June 2022

In this study, biogenic copper nanoparticles from metallic wastewater were examined for the synthesis of triazoles by a click reaction.
Phonon-assisted molecular upconversion in a holmium(iii)-based molecular cluster-aggregate
Authors: Gálico Diogo A. , Ramdani Rayan , Murugesu Muralee
Published: June 2022

A photon-assisted holmium-based molecular upconversion was achieved using a rationally designed spherical MCA. The synthesized Ln20 MCA exhibits green and red emissions with a uniquely enhanced red to green ratio as well as the NIR emission.
Coacervation of poly-electrolytes in the presence of lipid bilayers: mutual alteration of structure and morphology
Authors: Mondal Sayantan , Cui Qiang
Published: June 2022

Intrinsically disordered polyelectrolytes undergoing liquid–liquid phase separation to form complex coacervates on a membrane, which profoundly alters the membrane morphology.
Biomass-derived isosorbide-based thermoresponsive hydrogel for drug delivery
Authors: Bonardd Sebastian , Maiti Binoy , Grijalvo Santiago , Rodríguez Jacqueline , Enshaei Hamidreza , Kortaberria Galder , Alemán Carlos , Díaz Díaz David
Published: June 2022

Bio-based hydrogel films are fabricated by reacting a glycerol ethoxylate-based triazide and an isosorbide-based dialkyne via Cu(i)-catalyzed photo-click reaction. These materials are suitable candidates for the delivery of therapeutic molecules.
Resonance capture and long-term evolution of planets in binary star systems
Authors: Roisin A. , Doukhanin N. , Teyssandier J. , Libert A.-S.
Published: June 2022

Aims. The growing population of planets discovered in orbit around one stellar component of a binary star raises the question of the influence of the binary companion on the formation process of planetary systems. The aim of this work is to study the impact of a binary companion on the evolution of two-planet systems during both the Type-II migration phase and their long-term evolution after the dissipation of the protoplanetary disk.

Methods. We used the symplectic integrator SyMBA, modified to include a wide binary companion. We also included the Type-II migration of giant planets during the protoplanetary disk phase with suitable eccentricity and inclination damping as well as the gravitational potential acting on the planets due to the disk and the nodal precession of the disk induced by the binary companion. We considered various inclinations, eccentricities, and separations of the binary companion.

Results. Disk migration allows for the formation of planet pairs in mean-motion resonances despite the presence of the binary companion. When the binary separation is wide (1000 au), the timescale of the perturbations that it raises on the planets is longer than the disk’s lifetime and resonant pairs are routinely formed in the 2:1, 5:2, and 3:1 commensurabilities. Provided the planet-planet interaction timescale is smaller than the timescale of binary perturbations, these systems can remain in resonance long after the disk has dissipated. When the binary separation is smaller (250 au), only planets in the 2:1 resonance tend to remain in a resonant state and more chaotic evolutions are observed, as well as more ejections. After those ejections, the remaining planet can become eccentric due to the perturbations from the binary companion in addition, for strongly inclined binary companions, captures in the von Ziepel-Lidov-Kozai resonance can occur. Whereas in systems with two planets, this mechanism is quenched by planet-planet interactions. Our simulations reveal that the interplay between planet-disk, planet-planet, and planet-binary interactions can lead to the formation of resonant pairs of planets which remain stable over timescales much longer than the disk’s lifetime.
Dynamic optimization problems for mean-field stochastic large-population systems
Authors: Li Min , Li Na , Wu Zhen
Published: June 2022

This paper considers dynamic optimization problems for a class of control average meanfield stochastic large-population systems. For each agent, the state system is governed by a linear mean-field stochastic differential equation with individual noise and common noise, and the weight coefficients in the corresponding cost functional can be indefinite. The decentralized optimal strategies are characterized by stochastic Hamiltonian system, which turns out to be an algebra equation and a mean-field forward-backward stochastic differential equation. Applying the decoupling method, the feedback representation of decentralized optimal strategies is further obtained through two Riccati equations. The solvability of stochastic Hamiltonian system and Riccati equations under indefinite condition is also derived. The explicit structure of the control average limit and the related mean-field Nash certainty equivalence equation systems are discussed by some separation techniques. Moreover, the decentralized optimal strategies are proved to satisfy the approximate Nash equilibrium property. The good performance of the proposed theoretical results is illustrated by a practical example from the engineering field.
Pregnancy during a Pandemic: A Cohort Study Comparing Adverse Outcomes during and before the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rao Manasa G. , Toner Lorraine E. , Stone Joanne , Iwelumo Chioma A. , Goldberger Cody , Roser Brittany J. , Shah Ruhee , Rattner Paige , Paul Keisha S. , Stoffels Guillaume , Bianco Angela
Published: June 2022

Objective This study was aimed to evaluate how the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have negatively impacted birth outcomes in patients who tested negative for the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records of pregnant women admitted to a tertiary medical center in New York City, an epicenter of the pandemic. Women with a singleton gestation admitted for delivery from March 27 to May 31, 2019, and March 27 to May 31, 2020, were included. Women less than 18 years of age, those with a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerize chain reaction (PCR) test on admission, fetal anomaly, or multiple gestation were excluded. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were compared between groups. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess outcomes. The primary outcome was preterm birth.

Results Women who delivered during the 2020 study interval had a significantly higher rate of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (gestational hypertension [GHTN] or preeclampsia; odds ratio [OR] = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.85; p = 0.02), postpartum hemorrhage (PPH; OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.14–2.73; p = 0.01), and preterm birth (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.10–2.02; p = 0.01). Gestational age at delivery was significantly lower in the 2020 cohort compared with the 2019 cohort (39.3 versus 39.4 weeks, p = 0.03). After adjusting for confounding variables, multivariate analysis confirmed a persistent increase in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.10–2.20, p = 0.01), PPH (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.06–2.86, p = 0.03), and preterm birth (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.20–2.47, p = 0.003) in patients who delivered in 2020 compared with the same period in 2019. Specifically, medically indicated preterm births increased during the pandemic (OR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.77–5.67, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion Those who delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic study interval were more likely to experience hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, medically indicated preterm birth, and PPH even in the absence of SARS-CoV2 infection.

Key Points
Individuals' Experiences of Having an Unplanned Cesarean Birth: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: DiTosto Julia D. , Leziak Karolina , Yee Lynn M. , Badreldin Nevert
Published: June 2022

Objective The experience of an unplanned cesarean birth may be a risk factor for mood disorders and other challenges in the postpartum period, yet qualitative data on the patient experience are limited. We sought to understand individuals' experiences of having an unplanned cesarean birth.

Study Design This was a secondary analysis of a prospective qualitative investigation among low-income postpartum individuals at a single-, tertiary-care center in which the primary aim was to evaluate patients' postpartum pain experience after a cesarean birth. Participants completed a 60-minute face-to-face interview on postpartum days 2 to 3. Only participants who labored prior to their cesarean birth were included in this analysis. Transcripts were analyzed by two separate authors using the constant comparative method. Themes are illustrated using direct quotes.

Results A total of 22 individuals were included in this analysis; the majority (n=16, 72.7%) experienced a primary cesarean birth. Over half (n=12, 54.5%) identified as Hispanic and one-third (n=7, 31.8%) identified as non-Hispanic Black race and ethnicity. Four themes regarding the experience of a cesarean birth after labor were identified, including feelings of anguish, belief that vaginal birth is “normal,” poor experiences with care teams, and feelings of self-efficacy. Subthemes were identified and outlined.

Conclusion In this cohort, individuals who experienced an unplanned cesarean birth after labor expressed feelings of self-blame, failure, and mistrust. Given the association of unplanned cesarean birth with mood disorders in the postpartum period, efforts to enhance communication and support may offer a means of improving individual experiences.

Key Points
Impact of a Hybrid Model of Prenatal Care on the Diagnosis of Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Soffer Marti D. , Sinnott Colleen , Clapp Mark A. , Bernstein Sarah N.
Published: June 2022

Objective Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with poor neonatal outcomes and stillbirth, and screening via fundal height or ultrasound is routinely performed. During the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we developed a hybrid model of prenatal care which decreased the frequency of in-person visits and incorporated telemedicine visits. We sought to determine if prenatal FGR diagnoses decreased with this hybrid model compared with routine prenatal care.

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of singleton nonanomalous neonates with birth weights <10th percentile at term. The “routine care” group was consisted of those who born between April and July 2019 with in-person prenatal care, and the “hybrid care” group was consisted of those who born between April and July 2020 with both in-person and telemedicine prenatal cares at a collaborative academic practice. The primary outcome was the rate of diagnosis of small for gestational age (SGA) as defined as infant birth weight <10th percentile without a prenatal diagnosis of FGR. The secondary outcome was timing of diagnosis of FGR.

Results Overall, 1,345 and 1,296 women gave birth in the routine and hybrid groups, respectively. The number of in-person prenatal care visits decreased from 15,024 in the routine period to 7,727 in the hybrid period; 3,265 telemedicine visits occurred during the hybrid period. The total number of prenatal patients remained relatively stable at 3,993 and 3,753 between periods. Third trimester ultrasounds decreased from 2,929 to 2,014 between periods. Birth weights <10 percentile occurred in 115 (8.6%) births during the routine period and 79 (6.1%) births during the hybrid period. Of 115, 44 (38.3%) cases were prenatally diagnosed with FGR in the routine versus 28 of 79 (35.4%) in the hybrid group (p = 0.76). Median gestational age at diagnosis did not vary between groups (36 vs. 37 weeks, p = 0.44).

Conclusion A hybrid prenatal care model did not alter the detection of FGR. Future efforts should further explore the benefits of incorporating telemedicine into prenatal care.

Key Points
Using an Ontology to Derive a Sharable and Interoperable Relational Data Model for Heterogeneous Healthcare Data and Various Applications
Authors: Khnaisser Christina , Lavoie Luc , Fraikin Benoit , Barton Adrien , Dussault Samuel , Burgun Anita , Ethier Jean-François
Published: June 2022

Background A large volume of heavily fragmented data is generated daily in different healthcare contexts and is stored using various structures with different semantics. This fragmentation and heterogeneity make secondary use of data a challenge. Data integration approaches that derive a common data model from sources or requirements have some advantages. However, these approaches are often built for a specific application where the research questions are known. Thus, the semantic and structural reconciliation is often not reusable nor reproducible. A recent integration approach using knowledge models has been developed with ontologies that provide a strong semantic foundation. Nonetheless, deriving a data model that captures the richness of the ontology to store data with their full semantic remains a challenging task.

Objectives This article addresses the following question: How to design a sharable and interoperable data model for storing heterogeneous healthcare data and their semantic to support various applications?

Method This article describes a method using an ontological knowledge model to automatically generate a data model for a domain of interest. The model can then be implemented in a relational database which efficiently enables the collection, storage, and retrieval of data while keeping semantic ontological annotations so that the same data can be extracted for various applications for further processing.

Results This article (1) presents a comparison of existing methods for generating a relational data model from an ontology using 23 criteria, (2) describes standard conversion rules, and (3) presents O n t o R e l a , a prototype developed to demonstrate the conversion rules.

Conclusion This work is a first step toward automating and refining the generation of sharable and interoperable relational data models using ontologies with a freely available tool. The remaining challenges to cover all the ontology richness in the relational model are pointed out.
Differences in Perinatal Outcomes among Rural Women by County Composition
Authors: Mbata Osinakachukwu , Garg Bharti , Caughey Aaron B. , Pilliod Rachel A.
Published: June 2022

Objective We compared differences in perinatal outcomes among rural and nonrural women, stratified by maternal race/ethnicity. We also examined differences between majority minority rural counties with majority White rural counties.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study with 2015 national vital statistics birth certificate data. Maternal county of residence was identified, and counties with <50,000 people were designated as rural. We compared adverse perinatal outcomes between rural and nonrural residents, stratified by race/ethnicity. Adverse perinatal outcomes included primary term cesarean, preterm birth (PTB) <37 and <32 weeks, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions, infant death, small for gestational age, and Apgar's scores <7 and <3 at 5minutes. Majority–minority rural counties were defined as counties having <50% White women. We compared perinatal outcomes among this cohort to those of women from majority White rural counties. Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed.

Results Within the entire cohort, rural residents were more likely to be younger (age ≥35 years, 10.1 vs. 16.8%; p<0.001), Medicaid beneficiaries (50.3 vs. 44.1%; p<0.001), and uninsured (6.6 vs. 4.2%; p<0.001), and less likely to be married (57.4 vs. 60.20%; p<0.001). Rural residence was associated with Apgar's score <7 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64–2.54) and <3 (aOR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.04–3.48) among Asian women. Rural residence was also associated with PTB <37 weeks among Black (aOR=1.09; 95% CI: 1.06–1.13) and Asian women (aOR=1.16; 95% CI: 1.03–1.31). When compared with majority White rural county of residence, majority–minority rural county of residence was associated with the adverse perinatal outcomes studied.

Conclusion We observed increased rates of adverse perinatal outcomes among rural women. These trends persisted in majority–minority rural. Additional study is needed to find actionable targets for improving outcomes for rural women.

Key Points
Female entrepreneurship in Asia: a critical review and future directions
Authors: Franzke Sonja , Wu Jie , Froese Fabian Jintae , Chan Zi Xuan
Published: June 2022

Female entrepreneurs contribute substantially to economic growth in Asia. Despite their economic success, we know relatively little about them. This article presents a comprehensive review of female entrepreneurs in Asia, focusing on how they differ from their counterparts in the West, along four dimensions: female entrepreneurs’ unique characteristics, their distinct intentions, their constraints on resources, and their management styles. Our analysis revealed striking differences between female entrepreneurs in Asia and those in the West but also substantial heterogeneity within Asia. In developing Asian countries, female entrepreneurs often have a low level of education and work in the informal sector, driven by economic necessity, whereas many female entrepreneurs in transitioning/developed Asian countries are highly educated and work in high-growth industries. Culture and different religions, e.g., Islam and Hinduism, are major sources of constraints for the education and financing of female entrepreneurs in Asia. Family ties play a key role in the leadership style of female entrepreneurs in Asia. The review and analysis have important implications for future research and entrepreneurial practice.
Resonance and electrostatics making the difference in boron- and aluminum-halide structures and exchange reactivity
Authors: Molina-Aguirre Gabriela , Pannell Keith H. , Pinter Balazs
Published: June 2022

The mechanism of the gas-phase halogen-exchange reaction between boron- and aluminum-halides (i.e., BX3 + BX3 and AlX3 + AlX3, X = F, Cl, or Br) was discovered using density functional theory. The reaction takes place via a two-step mechanism with the intermediacy of a diamond-core structure analogous to diborane. Good agreement was found between the simulated reaction features and experimental observations, which demonstrate slow kinetics and an equilibrium process for boron species and dimer formation in the case of aluminum-halides. This computational and theoretical study also reveals and quantifies the effect of resonance on the thermodynamic stability of the central intermediate and conceptualizes the extreme stability difference (∼50 kcal mol−1) between boron and aluminum diamond-core bridge structures. Through an interaction energy decomposition analysis in combination with electronic structure analyses, we revealed that, beyond the resonance stabilization in free boron-halides, superior electrostatics in aluminum-halides results in the different reactivities, i.e., dimer formation for the latter species whereas substituent exchange for the former ones.
Viscosity and porosity effects on tangential-discontinuity surface stability in 3D compressible media
Authors: Le Thi Thai , Koch Thorsten
Published: June 2022

The stability of a flow in porous media relates to the velocity rate of injecting and withdrawing natural gases inside porous storage. We, thus, aim to analyze the stability of flows in porous media to accelerate the energy transition process. This research examines a flow model of a tangential–velocity discontinuity with porosity and viscosity changes in a three-dimensional (3D) compressible medium because of a co-existence of different gases in storage. The fluids are assumed to move in a relative motion where the plane y = 0 is a tangential-velocity discontinuity surface. We obtain that the critical value of the Mach number to stabilize a tangential discontinuity surface of flows via porous media is smaller than the one of flows in a plane. The critical value of the Mach number M to stabilize a discontinuity surface of the 3D flow is different by a factor | cos θ| compared to the two-dimensional (2D) flow. Here, θ is the angle between velocity and wavenumber vectors. Our results also show that the flow model with viscosity and porosity effects is stable faster than those without these terms. Our analysis is done for both infinite and finite flows. The effect of solid walls along the flow direction could suppress the instability, i.e., the tangential–discontinuity surface is stabilized faster.
Acoustic signature of a propeller operating upstream of a hydrofoil
Authors: Posa A. , Broglia R. , Felli M.
Published: June 2022

The Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings acoustic analogy is utilized to analyze the signature of a system consisting of a propeller and a downstream hydrofoil, mimicking a rudder at 0° incidence. This study is carried out exploiting the database generated by Large-Eddy Simulations on a cylindrical mesh consisting of almost 2 × 109 grid points. Three rotational speeds of the propeller are considered. The analysis reveals that the major sources of sound are located at the leading edge of the hydrofoil, due to the impingement by the propeller wake. With the exception of small radial coordinates around the propeller wake, between two and four diameters from the propeller axis, where the non-linear sources of sound have the lead, most noise comes from the linear, loading sources on the surface of the hydrofoil, due to fluctuations of the hydrodynamic pressure. As a result, the azimuthal directivity of the sound pressure levels develops a dipole-like distribution, elongated in the direction of the span of the hydrofoil. The attenuation of the acoustic pressure along the radial direction is initially cubic, then quadratic, and eventually, within less than ten diameters away from the system, linear.
The detachment of a wall-bound pendant drop suspended in a sheared fluid and subjected to an external force field
Authors: Chueh Chih-Che , Mauri Roberto , Bertei Antonio
Published: June 2022

The phase field approach is applied to numerically simulate the detachment of an isolated, wall-bound 2D pendant drop suspended in a fluid in a simple shear flow. The model has been previously employed to simulate several two-phase flow phenomena, assuming that the system consists of a regular, partially miscible mixture, with the drop and the continuous phase being in thermodynamic equilibrium with each other. In addition, it is assumed that the two phases are separated by an interfacial region having a non-zero characteristic thickness â, i.e., the interface is diffuse. In the creeping flow regime, the problem is described in terms of three non-dimensional numbers: the fluidity number Nα as the ratio between capillary and viscous fluxes, the Bond number NBo as the ratio between external and capillary forces, and the Peclet number NPe as a non-dimensional shear rate. We find that, at large fluidity numbers and for small droplets (i.e., for d̃drop=ddrop/â≤45), the onset of the drop detachment can be described in terms of a master curve, with the critical macroscopic Bond number NBo(M)=NBo·d̃drop2 decreasing monotonously with NPe·d̃drop1.5 for five drop sizes in the micrometer range.
Contact line friction and dynamic contact angles of a capillary bridge between superhydrophobic nanostructured surfaces
Authors: Lee Eunsang , Müller-Plathe Florian
Published: June 2022

The Cassie–Baxter state of wetting explains a large equilibrium contact angle and the slippery dynamics of a water droplet on a superhydrophobic rough surface. It also causes a contact angle hysteresis (CAH) that cannot be fully described by dynamic wetting theories including the molecular kinetic theory (MKT). We analyze the contact line dynamics on a superhydrophobic surface in the framework of the MKT. Multi-body dissipative particle dynamics simulations of a capillary bridge confined between two rough surfaces under steady shear are performed. We find that, in addition to the contact line friction force from the MKT, an additional friction force contribution is needed on rough surfaces. It can be obtained by subtracting from the total friction force the force solely caused by the actual liquid–solid contact area. We find that the additional force is almost constant at all contact line velocities. Thus, it is directly related to the CAH. The CAH originates not only from contact line pinning but also from the shear flow due to the strong friction in the central region of the liquid–solid interface away from the contact line. The analysis of the particle flow inside the capillary bridge shows that liquid particles trapped in the grooves of the surface texture actually move with the same velocity as the surface and exert strong additional friction to other liquid particles. This work extends the MKT to rough surfaces, as well as to elucidate the origin of the CAH of a capillary bridge. The finding would help to better understand other situations of dynamic wetting on superhydrophobic surfaces.
BABY BOOM regulates early embryo and endosperm development
Authors: Chen Baojian , Maas Lena , Figueiredo Duarte , Zhong Yu , Reis Ricardo , Li Mengran , Horstman Anneke , Riksen Tjitske , Weemen Mieke , Liu Hang , Siemons Charlotte , Chen Shaojiang , Angenent Gerco C. , Boutilier Kim
Published: June 2022

The BABY BOOM (BBM) AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE (AIL) AP2/ERF domain transcription factor is a major regulator of plant cell totipotency, as it induces asexual embryo formation when ectopically expressed. Surprisingly, only limited information is available on the role of
BBM
during zygotic embryogenesis. Here we reexamined
BBM
expression and function in the model plant
Arabidopsis thaliana
(
Arabidopsis
) using reporter analysis and newly developed CRISPR mutants.
BBM
was expressed in the embryo from the zygote stage and also in the maternal (nucellus) and filial (endosperm) seed tissues. Analysis of CRISPR mutant alleles for
BBM
(
bbm-cr
) and the redundantly acting
AIL
gene
PLETHORA2
(
PLT2
) (
plt2-cr
) uncovered individual roles for these genes in the timing of embryo progression. We also identified redundant roles for
BBM
and
PLT2
in endosperm proliferation and cellularization and the maintenance of zygotic embryo development. Finally, we show that ectopic
BBM
expression in the egg cell of
Arabidopsis
and the dicot crops
Brassica napus
and
Solanum lycopersicon
is sufficient to bypass the fertilization requirement for embryo development. Together these results highlight roles for
BBM
and
PLT2
in seed development and demonstrate the utility of
BBM
genes for engineering asexual embryo development in dicot species.
Social and genetic associations with educational performance in a Scandinavian welfare state
Authors: Isungset Martin A. , Conley Dalton , Zachrisson Henrik D. , Ystrom Eivind , Havdahl Alexandra , Njølstad Pål R. , Lyngstad Torkild Hovde
Published: June 2022

Recent research has suggested that across Western developed societies, the influence of genetics on educational outcomes is relatively constant. However, the degree to which family environment matters varies, such that countries with high levels of intergenerational mobility have weaker associations of family background. Research in this vein has relied on twin-based estimates, which involve variance decomposition, so direct assessment of the association of genes and environments is not possible. In the present study, we approach the question by directly measuring the impact of child genotype, parental genetic nurture, and parental realized education on educational achievement in primary and secondary school. We deploy data from a social democratic context (Norway) and contrast our findings with those derived from more liberal welfare state contexts. Results point to genetics only confounding the relationship between parent status and offspring achievement to a small degree. Genetic nurture associations are similar to those in other societies. We find no, or very small, gene–environment interactions and parent–child genotype interactions with respect to test scores. In sum, in a Scandinavian welfare state context, both genetic and environmental associations are of similar magnitude as in societies with less-robust efforts to mitigate the influence of family background.
An innovative piezoelectric energy harvester inspired by a line tooth: design, dynamic model and broadband harvesting conditions
Authors: Ding Jiang , Deng Aiping , Zeng Ziyang , Su Hanfei
Published: June 2022

Piezoelectric energy harvesting is commonly considered to be a promising field of development for microelectronic devices due to its potential to address a variety of key supply problems. However, due to their geometric designs, traditional piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) tend to only be able to cultivate energy from vibrations flowing in one direction. The results of PEHs only capable of harvesting mono-directional vibrations are that they suffer from narrow resonance frequency bands and low energy conversion efficiency. To overcome these difficulties, this paper proposes a PEH inspired by a line tooth (PEH-ILT) with the ability to collect three-dimensional stochastic vibrations. To do so, the PEH-ILT possesses a nonlinear geometric shape which can, in theory, be designed arbitrarily. An example PEH-ILT is illustrated in this paper as well corresponding nonlinear piezoelectric constitutive equations. The cylindrical spiral curve is inspired by the line tooth design and is intended to replicate a nonlinear electro-mechanical model and its electrical output. Furthermore, the PEH-ILT is evaluated in this study by interacting with the four basic vibrations such devices are expected to encounter. In addition, the broadband piezoelectric energy harvesting conditions of the PEH-ILT are parsed and determined through the Melnikov theory, providing a theoretical explanation to the broadband conditions of the harvester. And this study can lay the theoretical basis for practical applications.
A novel multi-criteria group decision-making method based on Aczel–Alsina spherical fuzzy aggregation operators: Application to evaluation of solar energy cells
Authors: Naeem Muhammad , Ali Jawad
Published: June 2022

Keeping in view the significance of spherical fuzzy set (SFS), this research focuses on innovative multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) technique for coping with spherical fuzzy scenarios. To serve this purpose, we explore AczelAlsina spherical fuzzy operational laws and their desirable characteristics. Based on these new operational laws, we expound various aggregation operators, namely Aszel-Alsina spherical fuzzy weighted averaging (AASFWA) operator, AczelAlsina spherical fuzzy ordered weighted averaging (AASFOWA) operator, AczelAlsina spherical fuzzy hybrid averaging (AASFHA) operator, Aczel-Alsina spherical fuzzy weighted geometric (AASFWG) operator, AczelAlsina spherical fuzzy ordered weighted geometric (AASFOWG) operator, and AczelAlsina spherical fuzzy hybrid geometric (AASFHG) operator. Besides, some fundamental results of the newly devised aggregation operators are outlined and verified. In reliance on the propound operators, a step-wise MCGDM method is endowed, and then a case study is given to illustrate the practicality of the presented approach. Additionally, detailed parameter analysis and a systematic comparative study are carried out to verify the stability and validity of the explored works.
Investigation on the self-starting Mamyshev oscillator with low threshold
Authors: Guo Wei , Lu Sihua , He Qiurun , Zhang Baofu , Ma Shanchao , Jiao Zhongxing , Lai Tianshu
Published: June 2022

We have demonstrated a mode-locked Mamyshev oscillator based on a single-mode-fibre configuration with low threshold. The influences of spectral filters and the pump power on the output laser characteristics have been investigated. In the case with spectral-filter central wavelength far away from the peak of gain spectrum, the laser pulses have deviated slightly from similariton evolution with gain-shaping under high pump power. Moreover, self-starting mode-locking operation has been realized when the pump power was only 520 mW, which might benefit from the appropriate polarization conditions and small spectral filter separation. The laser can generate 1.89 nJ ultra-short pulses with 20 dB spectral width of 54.6 nm. The pulse duration can be compressed externally to 64.69 fs with the peak power of 21.3 kW.