bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peer Review Tool for General Radiography Technologists Improves Image Quality
Authors: Hsiao Andrew M. , Budau-Bymoen Annemarie , Seslija Petar , Yong-Hing Charlotte J. , Thakur Yogesh
Published: February 2020

Purpose:

Quality improvement is vital to ensure health-care providers meet optimal patient care standards. Within our jurisdiction, accreditation requires image peer review as part of the quality assurance program. We propose a method to improve quality assurance in radiography by implementing a novel software-based peer review system for radiography technologists.

Methods:

This is a retrospective study. A peer review tool was developed in Microsoft Excel and Visual Basic. The tool has 14 image quality criteria, which were selected based on national and international criteria, each containing standardized answers ensuring a common scoring regime. The tool provides data analysis and storage of all peer reviews performed. Radiography supervisors utilized the tool to evaluate image quality of various body parts at 28 hospitals. The tool enabled each Medical Imaging Department to objectively score images at their own hospital. Approximately 2% of all radiographs were randomly chosen for peer review. Additionally, the tool allowed for regional analysis based on hospital, body part, and quality criterion.

Results:

Initial findings exposed equipment-related issues such as worn imaging plates, artifacts, and poor exposures, which prompted increased preventative maintenance. Other documented issues included foreign objects, inadequate collimation and centering, and inconsistent usage of lead markers. After identifying quality assurance-related issues, hospitals implemented education, resulting in improved overall image quality scores in subsequent audits.

Conclusion:

The peer review tool helped identify and correct various issues affecting image quality and ensures our program meets required accreditation standards. Furthermore, staff found utilizing the tool to identify areas for improvement improved collaboration, ongoing education, and support between staff.
Evaluation of Low-Dose Multidetector Computed Tomography Whole Gastroenterography With Oral Administration of Contrast Agents
Authors: Guo Yong , Wang Qing-jun , Shi Li-jing , Hu Ying-ying , Li Wen-ping
Published: February 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate the degree of gastric, enteric, colonic, and rectal filling in multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) whole gastroenterography.

Methods:

In this prospective study involving 124 patients, 78 and 46 patients underwent MDCT whole gastroenterography using positive and neutral oral contrast agents, respectively. The degree of filling of the stomach, small and large bowel, was qualitatively analyzed by experienced radiologists using a 3-point scoring system.

Results:

The majority of patients received a score of ≥2 for small intestine filling using both positive and neutral contrast agents (90.5% and 78.2%, respectively), and <9% of the patients had a score of 0. The highest score for the degree of filling in the small intestine was observed in the ileum, followed by the duodenum and jejunum. There was a significant difference in the degree of filling achieved with positive and neutral contrast agents in the duodenum ( P = .013) and jejunum ( P = .047). More than 74% of cases had an optimal filling of the stomach, whereas >80% of the cases had an optimal filling of the colorectal segments. Only ≤5.1% had a score of 0 for the analyzed segments of the colorectum. Positive and neutral contrast agents were associated with similar degree of filling in the stomach and colon segments without a significant difference in the extent of contrast agent filling ( P > .05).

Conclusions:

Multidetector computed tomography whole gastroenterography was found to be a simple, safe, noninvasive, painless, and effective modality for the diagnosis of stomach and bowel complications in clinical settings.
State of the Art Imaging Review of Blunt and Penetrating Cardiac Trauma
Authors: Qamar Sadia Raheez , Wu Yuhao , Nicolaou Savvas , Murray Nicolas
Published: February 2020

Traumatic cardiovascular injuries are only second to the central nervous system injuries as a cause of death in young adult population. Multidetector computed tomography is the gold standard diagnostic modality in patients with blunt or penetrating chest trauma and clinical suspicion of cardiac injury. The imaging spectrum of cardiac injuries includes but not limits to pericardial rupture, myocardial contusions, valve rupture, coronary artery injuries, cardiac herniations, and cardiac tamponade. In this review article, we discuss clinical presentation, types, and mechanism of cardiac trauma with emphasis on the imaging findings and illustrations in blunt, penetrating traumatic, and iatrogenic cardiac injuries.
The Imaging Spectrum of Synovial Sarcomas: A Pictorial Review From a Single-Centre Tertiary Referral Institution
Authors: Wang David Jueyu , Alwafi Leena , Pritchett Stephany Lynn , Wehrli Bret Michael , Spouge Alison Rosemary Isobel
Published: February 2020

Synovial sarcomas are malignant soft-tissue tumors that typically affect young patients. They can arise from nearly anywhere in the body, most commonly the extremities, head and neck, and thorax. The imaging features are highly variable and depend on the anatomic origin. Most lesions present as large aggressive heterogeneous masses containing hemorrhagic and cystic foci, often with calcification. However, up to one-third of lesions have commonly benign features and can appear homogeneously solid or cystic. Especially in these cases, their innocuous imaging and clinical presentation can lead to delayed diagnosis. Therefore, knowledge of the imaging spectrum is crucial to ensuring adequate follow-up or timely pathologic sampling. We reviewed 30 pathologically proven cases in various anatomic sites from our institution to illustrate these characteristics.
Acting Their Age? An Intersectional Approach on Young Motherhood From Young Mothers’ Perspectives
Authors: Sniekers Marijke , Rommes Els
Published: February 2020

This article challenges the assumptions in social policy and practice of how the combination of youth and motherhood is problematic and morally wrong. Using an intersectional approach, this study uncovers how young mothers’ social categories of youth and motherhood collide, concur with, or reinforce each other. The research question is the following: What are young mothers’ perceptions and practices of youth when combining youth with motherhood? The research methods include 18 months of participant observation and 41 semi-structured interviews with young mothers in the Netherlands. Analysis shows that young motherhood should not be conflated with problematic motherhood. Young mothers position themselves as “new” parents, single mothers, and working parents. Their motherhood practices illustrate adherence to an ideology of child-centered, omnipresent, and responsible motherhood. They might not be good girls, but they show they are good mothers. Young mothers navigate intersecting dimensions of youth, age, motherhood, and gender through (1) discontinuing youth practices, (2) alternating between motherhood and youthfulness, (3) transforming youth practices into young motherhood practices, and (4) reinforcing youth through young motherhood. Professionals can use the strengths of these practices more to the advantage of the youth to provide support that is tailored to clients’ needs.
Client Retention in Community Treatment: Completer and Noncompleter Experiences of an Individualized, Needs-Based Partner Abuse Intervention Program
Authors: Pearson Dominic A. S. , Steward Chloe D. , Ford Amy K.
Published: February 2020

There has been increased interest in the subjective experiences of participants of community partner abuse intervention programs (PAIPs). In the context of high attrition rates, qualitative research is needed to understand the factors associated with sustained engagement and dropout. Using a community nonmandated PAIP, the current study is a rare investigation of the experiences of both completers and noncompleters. We explored the differences between completers’ and noncompleters’ perceptions of the treatment process, the reasons for sustained program engagement, and the perceived outcomes of treatment. Semi-structured interviews were completed with 14 participants: nine completers and five noncompleters. The majority of participants were referred by children’s social care and were unemployed at the time of interview. The interviews were conducted by research staff independent from the treatment-providing organization. Three themes emerged from the data: (a) Treatment as Challenging Yet Enlightening, (b) the Importance of a Well-timed and Safe Therapeutic Environment, and (c) Improved Emotional Self-Management Due to Treatment. Results highlighted how structured individualized sessions, underpinned by a strong therapeutic alliance with facilitators, helped participants increase their interpersonal problem-solving and communication skills. The study reinforced the importance of developing a therapeutic alliance and providing structured individualized treatment characterized by flexibility and accessibility. Noncompletion was perceived as related to known risk factors and treatment readiness. Therefore, it may be beneficial to employ screening measures to monitor these factors. Future research should use larger, more diverse samples to further investigate subjective experiences of PAIP completers and, particularly, noncompleters to enhance the limited literature in this area.
Apparel and Textile Design Scholarship: Shared Knowledge, Dissemination, and Evaluation
Authors: Parsons Jean , Morris Kristen
Published: February 2020

Apparel and textile (AT) design scholarship can be classified in diverse ways. As a professional organization, International Textile and Apparel Association is in a unique position to lead in identifying what constitutes contributions to research in the field. Defining, presenting, and evaluating design production as scholarship is critical, especially as the broader design disciplines become more rigorous and academic institutions become more focused on evaluation metrics. Our purpose was to examine AT design scholarship through the lens of three critical components of research: shared knowledge, dissemination, and evaluation. These three components of research should be points of reference for AT design scholarship in moving forward to establish a unified vision of research that focuses on designed objects as valuable forms of scholarship. Additional work is necessary to identify core values that represent AT design knowledge, disseminate in formats that facilitate contributions to research, and measure the impact of design scholarship.
Herpes Zoster-Associated Encephalitis in a Patient Undergoing CAPD: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Sigaloff Kim C.E. , de Fijter Carola W.H.
Published: February 2020

Neurological complications of varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation have rarely been described in dialysis patients. We report a case of a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patient who developed herpes zoster encephalitis. The patient was treated with acyclovir and steroids and had a slow but complete return to her prior cognitive status. The available literature is reviewed and the differential diagnosis with acyclovir toxicity is discussed.
The Effects of Irbesartan and Spironolactone in Prevention of Peritoneal Fibrosis in Rats
Authors: Ersoy Rifki , Celik Ali , Yilmaz Osman , Sarioglu Sulen , Sis Banu , Akan Pinar , Yenicerioglu Yavuz , Ormen Murat , Camsari Taner
Published: February 2020

Background

Bacterial peritonitis episodes may disturb the functional and histological integrity of the peritoneum in peritoneal dialysis patients. The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system may have fibrotic effects on the peritoneum.

Objective

To study the effects of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist (irbesartan) and an aldosterone antagonist (spironolactone) in the prevention of peritoneal fibrosis in a rat model of bacterial peritonitis.

Methods

40 Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups: bacteria (B), bacteria–irbesartan (BI), bacteria–spironolactone (BS), bacteria–irbesartan–spironolactone (BIS), and control (C) groups. The C group received only dextran beads (Cytodex; Sigma Chemicals, St Louis, Missouri, USA); the others were given bacteria and dextran beads intraperitoneally. Irbesartan and/or spironolactone were given to 3 groups: BI, BS, and BIS. On the eighth day, the rats were sacrificed, peritoneal adhesion was quantified, and peritoneal tissue sections were evaluated histologically.

Results

The peritoneal total adhesion score was significantly higher in the B group than in the BI, BIS, and C groups ( p < 0.01). Mean peritoneal thickness, mean inflammation score, and mean fibrosis score were significantly higher in the B group in comparison to the C group ( p < 0.05). Mean peritoneal thickness of all treatment groups was significantly lower than the B group ( p < 0.05). Serum transforming growth factor beta-1 level was significantly higher in the B group than in the BI, BS, and C groups ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Irbesartan and spironolactone seem to decrease the extent of peritoneal injury caused by bacterial peritonitis.
Effects of Sulodexide on Hemostatic Factors, Lipid Profile, and Inflammation in Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Kim Soon Bae , Kim Su Hee , Lee Moo Song , Chang Jai Won , Lee Sang Koo , Park Jung Sik
Published: February 2020

Sulodexide, a standardized extractive glycosaminoglycan containing 80% “fast moving” heparin and 20% dermatan sulfate, decreased plasma D-dimer, a marker of intravascular coagulation, and fibrinogen levels in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients. Blood levels of von Willebrand factor, lipid, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were not significantly changed. No bleeding episodes were reported. These results suggest that sulodexide was effective in partially reversing the thrombogenic coagulation profile without increasing the risk of bleeding.
Characterization of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Mesothelial Cells in a Mouse Model of Chronic Peritoneal Exposure to High Glucose Dialysate
Authors: Aroeira Luiz S. , Loureiro Jesús , González-Mateo Guadalupe T. , Fernandez-Millara Vanessa , del Peso Gloria , Sánchez-Tomero José Antonio , Ruiz-Ortega Marta , Bajo M. Auxiliadora , López-Cabrera Manuel , Selgas Rafael
Published: February 2020

Animal models of peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) exposure are key tools in the study of mechanisms involved in alterations of the peritoneal membrane and in the design of therapies. We recently developed a mouse model of chronic peritoneal exposure to high glucose dialysate. Herein, we make a sequential analysis of the effects of glucose-based PDF on mouse peritoneal membrane and on mesothelium. We demonstrate that chronic exposure to PDF induces thickness and fibrosis of the peritoneal membrane in a time-dependent manner. We also show that mesothelial cells progressively detach and lose cytokeratin expression. In addition, we demonstrate that some mesothelial cells invade the submesothelial space, where they appear as cytokeratin- and alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive cells. These findings demonstrate that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of mesothelial cells takes place in mouse peritoneum exposed to PDF, validating this model for the study of effects of drugs on the EMT process as a therapy for peritoneal deterioration.
Long-term outcomes in patients with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis managed with nutritional support
Authors: Navaratnarajah Arunraj , El-Sherbini Nevine , Brown Edwina A
Published: February 2020

Background:

Little is known about long-term survivors with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS). Published literature focuses on patients managed surgically. We describe our experience of the long-term outcomes in patients with EPS conservatively managed with nutritional support alone.

Methods:

This is a single-centre retrospective observational study of patients who had survived for ≥5 years since diagnosis. EPS survivors were invited for review of symptoms, nutritional assessment and evaluation of quality of life. Radiological progression was assessed based on serial computed tomography (CT) scores for each patient.

Results:

A total of 23 patients with a diagnosis of EPS for at least 5 years were identified, with 18 patients alive at the time of the study. Of these 18 patients, 10 patients transferred to haemodialysis (HD) and 8 patients received kidney transplants. Commonest symptoms were nausea (91%) and vomiting (73%). Mean body mass index for patients was within the ideal and healthy range, with only 11% suffering from continued weight loss. In all, 70% EPS survivors on HD received nutritional support compared to 15% of those with transplants; 17% required ongoing parenteral nutrition. Of the 11 patients with serial CT scans at least 4 years apart, 10 had an increase in radiological score for EPS but with no apparent correlation to clinical outcomes. There were no significant differences in the reported quality of life between EPS survivors on HD and those transplanted, with self-rated health status equivalent to that reported for the general end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) population.

Conclusion:

Long-term survival following EPS managed conservatively with nutritional support is feasible, with the majority no longer requiring nutritional support and having a quality of life similar to other patients with ESKD.
A Review of the Renoprotective Effects of Novel Antidiabetic Agents
Authors: Leite Kelsey M. , Long Allissa M. , Ostroff Marissa L. , Borges Leanna , Braden Gregory
Published: February 2020

The objective of this review article was to identify and examine current evidence surrounding the potential renoprotective effects of newer antidiabetic agents such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, glucose-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. A literature search of MEDLINE and PubMed (January 2000 to April 2019) was performed using the following search terms: “diabetes treatment,” “renoprotection,” “kidneys,” “SGLT-2 inhibitors,” “GLP-1 receptor agonists,” “DPP-4 inhibitors,” and the drug names in each of those classes as well as any combination of these terms. Literature was excluded if published in a language other than English, performed in nonhuman subjects, did not include patients from the United States, was nonrandomized, or the data were available from poster presentations. There were 11 studies that met the search criteria. The majority of the studies focused on renal outcomes as secondary end points and looked at albuminuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate changes from baseline, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, serum creatinine, and need for renal replacement therapy. There are fewer studies that focused on renal protection as a primary end point. After reviewing the available literature, the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists in addition to standard of care may be considered in patients with or at risk of developing chronic kidney disease. SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists should be considered when patients’ diabetes is no longer well controlled with metformin. Other factors such as cost, cardiovascular disease, and other comorbidities may also be taken into consideration when recommending therapy for patients.
Guided Tissue Regeneration Therapy With Bone Augmentation in a Lingual, Infrabony Osseous Defect of a Mandibular Canine
Authors: Bebel Angelica , Rochette Judy
Published: February 2020

This case report describes the use of canine demineralized freeze-dried membrane allograft and cancellous bone graft material to treat an infrabony osseous defect along the lingual aspect of a left mandibular canine in a 10-year-old miniature dachshund. Postoperative examination 6 and 12 months postoperatively showed osseous integration at the infrabony defect and improvement in periodontal probing measurements.
Chemsex in Moscow: investigation of the phenomenon in a cohort of men who have sex with men hospitalized due to addictive disorders
Authors: Skryabin VY , Bryun EA , Maier LJ
Published: February 2020

The present study was designed to investigate the phenomenon of chemsex among Moscow men who have sex with men (MSM) patients who were hospitalized due to various addictive disorders. It was an observational cohort study which included a total of 30 male patients who underwent inpatient treatment at the Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions of the Moscow Department of Healthcare due to various addictive disorders. Data on sociodemographic, sexuality-, sexually transmitted infection- (STI-), and drug use-related characteristics obtained in face-to-face interviews were recorded in all patients. Mean (SD) age of the patients was 24.3 (3.5) years. Mephedrone was the drug most commonly reported as being used for chemsex (over half of cases); it was consumed by 16 patients. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid/gamma-butyrolactone use was reported by 6.7% of patients; 16.7% of patients preferred cocaine; ketamine use was present only in one patient. Five participants (16.7%) reported the use of other stimulants. Overall, 20% of patients reported their HIV serostatus as positive. Self-reported other STI status was positive in 12 patients (40.0%). Our findings revealed that practicing chemsex among MSM can be considered a trend in Moscow. Our study emphasizes the role of collaborative work of sexologists and addictologists in order to develop and evaluate the interventions.
Hidden gems? The cultural contribution of independent libraries in the United Kingdom and the United States
Authors: Loach Kirsten , Rowley Jennifer , Griffiths Jillian
Published: February 2020

Independent libraries are important cultural assets for their communities yet have largely been overlooked in mainstream library research. This research seeks to bring these libraries into the limelight by building a profile of their cultural contributions. Through a content analysis of the websites of the libraries of the Independent Libraries Association (UK) and Membership Libraries Group (US), it demonstrates that independent libraries preserve and facilitate access to a variety of important cultural assets and, while often characterised as ‘hidden gems’, are proactively working to increase engagement beyond traditional audiences, whilst also making significant contributions to the cultural sustainability agenda.
Foreign Aid, FDI and Economic Growth in South-East Asia and South Asia
Authors: Rao D. Tripati , Sethi Narayan , Dash Devi Prasad , Bhujabal Padmaja
Published: February 2020

We examine the interrelationship among foreign aid, foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth in South-East Asia (SEA) and South Asia (SA) during 1980–2016. The findings from alternative empirical estimations suggest that while foreign aid is negatively associated with FDI as well as growth, FDI positively influences growth. Further, governmental financial assistance to private sector for domestic investment turns out to be important in all empirical estimations insofar as positively associated with FDI flows as well as growth. We, therefore, infer that low-income SEA and SA economies should focus on channelizing governmental financial assistance to private sector for domestic investment, macroeconomic stabilization, trade openness, and efficient utilization of aid flows, in order to attract, absorb and reap the benefits of complementing FDI flows and sustaining higher economic growth.
Necessity or Opportunity Driven: Gender Differentials and Structural Changes of Proprietorship in the Indian Unorganized Enterprises
Authors: Shuvam Shruti , Mohanty Pratap C.
Published: February 2020

Using the latest representative datasets of National Sample Survey, this article investigates the structural changes and gender differentials in proprietorship in the Indian unorganized enterprises. This article also identifies the relevant determinants of female proprietorship in the unorganized enterprises. This study distinguishes between two types of female entrepreneurs: necessity and opportunity entrepreneurs, based on their motivation behind operating an enterprise. This study also explores the potential factors responsible for this division. The findings show that there is only 2 per cent rise in the share of female proprietors in over a 5-year period (2010–2011 to 2015–2016) and female proprietors are increasingly concentrated in necessity-driven informal entrepreneurship.
Explicit Autonomy, Implicit Control: User Autonomy in the Dichotomous Choice Architecture of Facebook
Authors: Apte Deepti Singh
Published: February 2020

The article aims to unravel the implicit soft-control of users by Facebook through the framework of choice architecture as proposed by Thaler and Sunstein (2008) in their well-known work Nudge. It explores the dichotomous foundation of Facebook’s choice architecture in which users are given an apparent sense of autonomy while the platform implicitly soft-controls them. This paradoxical power plays functions through two broad types of nudges—activity-inducing nudges and passivity-inducing nudges. The mechanism of functioning of these nudges on Facebook is explored while noting the behavioural patterns they induce among users. Facebook’s transition from information architecture to choice architecture is also explored. Thus, the article aims to contribute to the growing body of work, which has underscored the importance of assessing web 2.0 as the ‘technological unconscious’ which has penetrated everyday life.
India’s Counter-Terrorism Diplomacy at the United Nations: Progress and Problems
Authors: Chandra Vikash
Published: February 2020

This paper analyses India’s counter-terrorism diplomacy at the United Nations and argues that it is based on five pillars namely, normative, coercive, legal, compliance and domestic implementation, and promotion of international cooperation. The normative pillar elucidates India’s stand on de-legitimisation of terrorism, the root cause approach and sectoral versus comprehensive approach, whereas the coercive pillar divulges India’s position on counter-terrorism sanctions and the use of force. The legal measure explains India’s contribution to the development of international legal framework against terrorism through its sponsoring, co-sponsoring, draft proposal and consensus-building initiatives. Methodologically, it is based largely on the analysis of the primary archival sources, speeches of Indian delegates at the UN General Assembly, its Sixth Committee, and India’s national reports submitted to the UN Counter-Terrorism Committee and 1540 Committee. By analysing India’s counter-terrorism diplomacy at the United Nations, this paper seeks to spark a discourse among researchers working in this field with cases of India and other states as well, and pave the way for further researches on India’s counter-terrorism diplomacy at the United Nations and comparative studies with cases of other states. It concludes with observations that state sovereignty remains at the core of India’s counter-terrorism diplomacy and given the divergence of preferences of states, India’s diplomatic endeavour could not yield desired results.
Consumer experiences of a healthier drinks initiative at a secure residential rehabilitation facility – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Henning Cruickshank Andrea , McCambridge Lara , Juffs Philip , Walker Jacqueline L
Published: February 2020

Objective:

The objective of this study was to investigate whether consumers living with severe mental illness (SMI) receiving treatment in a secure residential rehabilitation facility considered their physical health and if limiting sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) at facility outlets influenced dietary behaviours and knowledge.

Method:

Consumers were consulted pre-implementation and outlets (vending machines and kiosks) audited pre- and post-limiting SSB. Surveys were administered six months post-implementation with 26 surveys included in analysis. Comments from open-ended questions were examined by thematic analysis and descriptive statistics calculated for knowledge and behaviours.

Results:

Physical health was important to most participants (96%, n = 25) and 46% ( n = 11) stated beverage changes prompted consideration of their health. Many noticed beverage changes on-site (81%, n = 21), reported on-site purchases at least once-weekly (62%, n = 16) and usual beverage purchases were ‘healthier’ (65%, n = 17). Only 31% ( n = 8) modified choices when off-site. One global theme emerged from qualitative analysis – good physical health and wellbeing is important to this cohort.

Conclusion:

Reduced availability of SSB is acceptable to many consumers; however, healthier choices in a supportive environment did not translate to behaviour change off-site. As most participants regarded physical health important, expanding the initiative within a comprehensive lifestyle strategy may facilitate sustained behaviour change and should be investigated.
Understanding Distress Among Patients With Cancer Receiving Specialized, Supportive Care Services
Authors: Funk-Lawler Rachel , Mundey Katie Rider
Published: February 2020

Background:

Cancer and its treatment can cause persistent psychosocial consequences for patients. Although distress among the general cancer population has been well studied, many patients who report high distress do not receive specialty, follow-up care. We know little about the distress needs of those who attend appointments with support services. Improved knowledge of this subpopulation of patients with cancer may improve supportive care service delivery.

Methods:

This is a descriptive chart review that examines results from a cancer distress tool in an outpatient supportive care clinic and explores factors associated with distress among patients who attend an appointment for support beyond usual oncologic care. All adult patients with a cancer diagnosis presenting to the supportive care clinic during a 120-day period for an initial intake completed a self-report needs assessment tool. A review of medical records was then conducted. Primarily descriptive statistics, mean comparison, and correlational analysis summarized the data.

Results:

Nearly 48% of individuals rated very severe distress in at least one area of functioning. Areas with the highest average distress ratings included pain, fatigue, sleep, and anxiety. No significant associations were found between total distress scores and demographic or illness-related variables. Anxiety and depression were higher among those scheduled to see a behavioral health specialist than a palliative provider.

Conclusions:

Patient and illness factors were not associated with needs among those who attended appointments with support providers. Study results suggest that a biopsychosocial approach from interdisciplinary providers is warranted to manage the needs of patients referred for additional supportive care.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Characterization in Cynomolgus Monkeys, Beagle Dogs, and Göttingen Minipigs
Authors: Ballesteros Cristina , Pouliot Mylène , Froment Rémi , Maghezzi Mohamed Said , St-Jean Camille , Li Christian , Paquette Dominique , Authier Simon
Published: February 2020

Intrathecal administration is an important route for drug delivery, and in pharmacology and toxicology studies, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection and analysis is required for evaluating blood–brain barrier penetration and central nervous system exposure. The characteristics of CSF in commonly used nonrodent models are lacking. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and provide some insights into normal cellular and biochemical composition of CSF as well as diffusion potential following intrathecal injection across several nonrodent species. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from the cerebellomedullary cistern of beagle dogs, cynomolgus monkeys, and Göttingen minipigs and analyzed for clinical chemistry and cytological evaluation. Diffusion into the intrathecal space following intrathecal injection was assessed following administration of a contrast agent using fluoroscopy. The predominant cell types identified in CSF samples were lymphocytes and monocytoid cells; however, lymphocytes were represented in a higher percentage in dogs and monkeys as opposed to monocytoid cells in minipigs. Clinical chemistry parameters in CSF revealed higher Cl− concentrations than plasma, but lower K+, Ca2+, phosphorus, glucose, creatinine, and total protein levels consistent across all 3 species. Diffusion rates following intrathecal injection of iodixanol showed some variability with dogs, showing the greatest diffusion distance; however, the longest diffusion time through the intervertebral space, followed by monkeys and minipigs. Minimal diffusion was observed in minipigs, which could have been attributed to anatomical spinal constraints that have been previously identified in this species.
Genetic heterogeneity of polydactyly in Maine Coon cats
Authors: Hamelin Alexia , Conchou Fabrice , Fusellier Marion , Duchenij Bettina , Vieira Isabelle , Filhol Emilie , Dufaure de Citres Caroline , Tiret Laurent , Gache Vincent , Abitbol Marie
Published: February 2020

Objectives

Polydactyly has been described in two breeds of domestic cats (Maine Coon and Pixie Bob) and in some outbred domestic cats (eg, Hemingway cats). In most cases, feline polydactyly is a non-syndromic preaxial polydactyly. Three variants located in a regulatory sequence involved in limb development, named ZRS (zone of polarising activity regulatory sequence), have been identified to be responsible for feline polydactyly. These variants have been found in outbred domestic cats in the UK ( UK1 and UK2 variants) and in Hemingway cats in the USA ( Hw variant). The aim of this study was to characterise the genetic features of polydactyly in Maine Coon cats.

Methods

Genotyping assay was used to identify the variant(s) segregating in a cohort of 75 polydactyl and non-polydactyl Maine Coon cats from different breeding lines from Europe, Canada and the USA. The authors performed a segregation analysis to identify the inheritance pattern of polydactyly in this cohort and analysed the population structure.

Results

The Hw allele was identified in a subset of polydactyl cats. Sequencing of two regulatory sequences involved in limb development did not reveal any other variant in polydactyl cats lacking the Hw allele. Additionally, genotype–phenotype and segregation analyses revealed the peculiar inheritance pattern of polydactyly in Maine Coon cats. The population structure analysis demonstrated a genetic distinction between Hw and Hw-free polydactyl cats.

Conclusions and relevance

Polydactyly in Maine Coon cats is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity, and this trait is characterised by genetic heterogeneity in the Maine Coon breed. Maine Coon breeders should be aware of this situation and adapt their breeding practices accordingly.
Exploring participation after paediatric acquired brain injury
Authors: Keetley Rachel , Westwater-Wood Sarah , Manning Joseph C
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to explore the levels of participation in a UK sample of children and young people (CYP) with an acquired brain injury (ABI) at home, school and in the community through a cross-sectional study. The Child and Family Follow-Up Survey was distributed to parents/carers of 134 CYP with ABI (CYP-ABI) who received neuro-rehabilitation from 2014 to 2016. Access and recruitment were problematic resulting in a low response rate (4%). Widespread restrictions in participation were reported by four of the five respondents with community-structured events/activities and educational activities being the most restricted. Factors impacting on participation were cognitive-based and movement skills, family stress and lack of support/encouragement in the community. Study results provide information pertaining to the feasibility of undertaking research with this population while also highlighting the restrictions to participation experienced by CYP-ABI more than two years after injury.
The Effectiveness of Incentives on Completion Rates, Data Quality, and Nonresponse Bias in a Probability-based Internet Panel Survey
Authors: Stanley Marshica , Roycroft Jessica , Amaya Ashley , Dever Jill A. , Srivastav Anup
Published: February 2020

Previous research has shown that increasing the size of incentives can increase response rates for probability-based, cross-sectional surveys. However, the effects of incentives on web panels have not been extensively studied. We sought to answer the question: What is the effect of larger, postpaid incentives on (1) response, (2) data quality, and (3) nonresponse bias for individuals in a web panel? We analyzed data from the 2015 and 2016 National Internet Flu Survey, a survey that uses the GfK KnowledgePanel® as its sampling frame. We compare panel members who received a postpaid, standard 1,000-point (the equivalent of US$1) incentive in 2015 to panelists who received a larger, 5,000-point (the equivalent of US$5) incentive in 2016. We found that larger incentives were associated with increased interview completion rates with minimal impact on data quality or bias.
Caregiver Psychological Distress: Longitudinal Relationships With Physical Activity and Diet
Authors: Snyder Shane A. , Vitaliano Peter P.
Published: February 2020

Given limited longitudinal research with caregivers (CGs, n = 122) of spouses with Alzheimer disease, and demographically matched noncaregivers (NCGs, n = 117), we compared these groups on psychological distress (anxiety, depression), burden, and health behaviors over 2 years. Analyses examined group differences in relationships of micronutrient recommended daily allowances (RDAs) and physical activity considering hours of care, psychological distress, and burden. Participants were measured and assessed on whether they met micronutrient intake and physical activity totaled over an average week. Regression analyses showed a total effect whereby NCGs had greater increases in meeting micronutrient allowances (RDAs) than CGs ( b = 10.91, standard error [SE] = 4.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.56-20.26). Additionally, over time, NCGs had greater increases in physical activity, which was mediated by hours of care ( b = 0.149, SE = 0.060, 95% CI: 0.034-0.270). These results suggest CGs may lack proper nutrients, and care hours may influence their health behaviors.
A Nursing Workforce Initiative: Increasing the Latino/Hispanic BSN Workforce
Authors: Cheshire Michelle H. , Cuellar Norma Graciela , Figueroa-Delgado Jennifer M. , Rojas Patricia
Published: February 2020

Of the 3 million nurses in the United States, only 5.4% of registered nurses are Latinos. This is a grave concern since the U.S. Census’ projected increase of Latinos in the United States is expected to be 28% by 2060. In 2010, the Institute of Medicine report recommended a diverse workforce in health care to improve health outcomes. However, the increase in the Latino nursing workforce continues to be low compared to with the population of Latinos in the country. The National Association of Hispanic Nurses and the University of Alabama partnered to increase the number of baccalaureate-prepared registered nurses in the workforce. BAMA-Latino Project (BAMA-L) is a Health Resources and Services Administration–funded program to increase the diversity of registered nurses in the nursing workforce. The purpose of this article is to present the development and implementation of BAMA-L.
Experimental investigation on dynamic mechanical and thermal characteristics of Coccinia Indica fiber reinforced polyester composites
Authors: Sethuraman Balu , Subramani Sampath Pavayee , Palaniappan Sathish Kumar , Mylsamy Bhuvaneshwaran , Aruchamy Karthik
Published: February 2020

Due to superior material properties of fiber reinforced composites, they are utilized in many structural fabrications. Even though many studies have been reported about various fiber reinforced composites, it is indeed to find more eco-friendly composites for modern applications. So, developing the new fiber reinforced composites and revealing its mechanical properties are vital. In this examination, the natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite was prepared by compression molding method. The natural fiber named as Coccinia Indica was used to fabricate the fiber reinforced composites. The impact of different fiber length on dynamic mechanical properties like loss modulus, storage modulus, and loss of weight in fiber reinforced composites was predicted using dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The outcomes revealed that fiber length of 30 mm shows better values in storage modulus and nominal loss modulus owing to higher interfacial bonding among fiber and matrix. However, in other fiber lengths, the storage modulus depicts poor result and high loss modulus is due to inefficient stress transfer.
A real-time semantic visual SLAM approach with points and objects
Authors: Guan Peiyu , Cao Zhiqiang , Chen Erkui , Liang Shuang , Tan Min , Yu Junzhi
Published: February 2020

Visual simultaneously localization and mapping (SLAM) is important for self-localization and environment perception of service robots, where semantic SLAM can provide a more accurate localization result and a map with abundant semantic information. In this article, we propose a real-time PO-SLAM approach with the combination of both point and object measurements. With point–point association in ORB-SLAM2, we also consider point–object association based on object segmentation and object–object association, where the object segmentation is employed by combining object detection with depth histogram. Also, besides the constraint of feature points belonging to an object, a semantic constraint of relative position invariance among objects is introduced. Accordingly, two semantic loss functions with point and object information are designed and added to the bundle adjustment optimization. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by experiments.
Heroes Perceive Their Own Actions as Less Heroic Than Other People Do
Authors: Klein Nadav
Published: February 2020

Heroic acts are prosocial actions that involve extreme sacrifice and risk. Such acts receive near-ubiquitous praise. However, the present article suggests that one group refrains from praising heroic acts—heroes themselves. Using self-reflections provided in news reports, Experiment 1 finds that people who actually saved others’ lives do not view themselves as positively as they should according to outside observers. Experiment 2 measures participants’ recollections of their own extreme prosocial acts and finds that self-evaluations are less positive than observers’ evaluations. Experiment 3 finds that participants who imagine themselves performing a heroic act evaluate it less positively than participants who observe the same act. Experiments 2–3 identify differences in perceptions of personal burden as a mechanism—whereas observers believe that acting heroically involves extreme personal burden, actors view their personal burden as relatively unimportant. Being a hero is a distinctly less positive experience than observing one.
Hues of Color Afterimages
Authors: Koenderink Jan , van Doorn Andrea , Witzel Christoph , Gegenfurtner Karl
Published: February 2020

We studied the relationship between color afterimages and complementary colors. The hues of afterimages of 24 inducer hues, uniformly distributed over the rgb color circle, were measured by an iterative method of adjustment. The judgment of equality of hue of the afterimage and a synthesized patch was effectively judged at the moment immediately after the switch-off of the inducer, when the synthesized patch went through any number of iterative adjustments. The two patches—both phenomenally present, but only one optically presented—appeared to the left and right of a fixation mark that was fixated throughout the whole procedure. Thus, both patches were present in eccentric vision. The hues of afterimages were found to be quite different from the hue of the complementary of the inducer. Almost one half of the color circle (orange to chartreuse) leads to afterimage hues in a narrow region of purples. This implies that color circles based on diametrically opposed inducer–afterimage hues are necessarily inconsistent. Yet, perhaps surprisingly, the relation between primary and afterimage hues is still approximately an involution (they are reciprocally related).
Proximal tibia vara involves the medial shift of the tibial articular surface
Authors: Kawasaki Makoto , Nagamine Ryuji , Chen Weijia , Ma Yuan , Sakai Akinori , Suguro Toru
Published: February 2020

Purpose:

According to the concept of the constitutional varus, the tibial articular surface (TAS) has varus inclination. On the other hand, it has been reported that proximal tibia vara involved medial shift of the TAS. However, it has not been assessed whether varus inclination of the TAS has a correlation with the medial shift. We investigated whether varus inclination of the TAS has a correlation with the medial shift. If there is a correlation between two parameters, the influence of the medial shift of the TAS on the value of the hip–knee–ankle (HKA) angle and the femorotibial angle should be considered.

Methods:

A total of 112 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty had anteroposterior view tibia digital radiograph on which five parameters were analyzed. Varus angle of the TAS, the distance between the mechanical axis and the anatomical axis on the articular surface, and the width of the articular surface were measured.

Results:

The more the proximal tibia had varus deformity, the more the TAS shift medially would be. Therefore, the mechanical axis does not match the anatomical axis. Because the HKA angle was assessed based on the concept that the mechanical and anatomical axes match on the tibia, this angle may not express the true alignment of the lower extremity in knees with proximal tibia vara.

Conclusion:

In varus knees, the proximal tibia has a medial shift of the TAS that may influence the value of the HKA angle.
Advantages of the experience of navigation when starting manual total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Song Suk Kyoon , Ryu Cheol Hwan , Choi Won-Kee
Published: February 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate how the accuracy of coronal-plane bone cutting and operative time may be affected by the experience of navigated total knee replacement (TKR) in starters of manual TKR.

Methods:

We analyzed 30 cases of navigated TKR performed in the early years (group 1), 30 consecutive cases of navigated TKR performed after experiencing more than 100 cases of navigated TKR (group 2), and the initial 30 consecutive cases of manual TKR (group 3). Postoperative mechanical hip-knee-ankle (mHKA) angle, mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) were measured. Bone cutting was aimed at mHKA angle of 0°, mMPTA of 90°, and mLDFA of 90°. We have set the tolerance of absolute value of errors in mHKA angle, mMPTA and mLDFA as 0 ± 3°. Comparative analysis of tourniquet times have been performed.

Results:

Postoperative absolute error values of mHKA angle, mMPTA, and mLDFA were 2.78 ± 3.53°, 1.06 ± 1.91°, and 1.44 ± 1.90° in group 1; 1.18 ± 1.32°, 1.20 ± 1.49°, and 0.98 ± 1.09° in group 2; and 2.11 ± 2.49°, 1.35 ± 0.62°, and 1.92 ± 2.85° in group 3. Tourniquet times were 67.50 ± 21.50 min in group 1, while group 2 and group 3 showed tourniquet times of 51.87 ± 12.00 and 52.00 ± 15.00 min, respectively.

Conclusion:

In starters of manual TKR, previous experience of performing navigated TKR may help the error values during femoral and tibial bone cutting to fall within the values similar to the median error value of navigated TKR. It may also help to reduce the operative time of manual TKR similar to the operative time of and experienced surgeon with over 100 cases of navigated TKR.