bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost Estimation of Structural Work for Residential Building with Seismic Design Consideration
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Roslan H.A. , Zulkhibri N.S. ,   Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Faisal Ade ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Adiyanto M.I. ,   Universiti Malaysia Pahang
Published: September 2023

The Sumatra-Andaman earthquakes had triggered local earthquakes in Malaysia by reactivation of ancient inactive faults. Previously on 5thJune 2015, Ranau, a region located in Sabah, Malaysia, had experienced a moderate earthquake of Mw6.1. The structural failures occurred because all existing buildings only designed for gravity load without any seismic provision. Recent research work exhibits the seismic designs’ impact on the cost of material and its parameters thatimpact the cost. There are two types reinforced concrete residential buildings called Type 1 and Type 2 for two storey and four storeywhich had been used as models. This research applied four seismicity levels to the reference peak ground acceleration value, αgR= 0.07g, 0.10g, 0.13g & 0.16g, and two soil types: Soil Types B and D. The result shows that for twostorey reinforced concreteresidential buildings on soil types B and D, seismic design increases structural work costs, which is around 0.62% to 1.31% and 0.61% to 2.16%, respectively,for Type 1 modelcompared to non-seismic design. Besides,model Type 2, the increment is around 0.24% to 1.22% and 0.20% to 1.71%, respectively.Otherwise, for reinforced concreteresidential building with four storeyon soil types B and D,the result shows that seismic design tends to have a higher structural work’s costaround 0.41% to 2.48% and 0.98% to 11.23%, respectively, for Type 1 model. Besides, for model Type 2 the increment is around 1.80% to 2.05% and 2.34% to 8.53%, respectively, compared to non-seismicdesign.
Análise das escalas de fármacos com atividade anticolinérgica
Authors: OLIVEIRA Jennifer Soares , REIS Adriano Max
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: Identificar as escalas anticolinérgicas e analisar a concordância em relação aos fármacos incluídos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo relativo às escalas de fármacos com atividade anticolinérgica. As escalas foram identificadas através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Identificou-se as escalas de mensuração da atividade anticolinérgica, coletou-se os fármacos presentes e a sistemática de classificação do escore da atividade anticolinérgica. Verificou-se os fármacos incluídos nas escalas que apresentavam registro na Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária - ANVISA. Os fármacos incluídos foram registrados em uma planilha Excel e foram classificados Segundo o nível 3 da sistemática da Anatomical Therapeutic Chemistry – ATC da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Realizou-se análise de Kappa Fleiss para avaliar a concordância entre as escalas em relação aos fármacos presentes. As escalas foram comparadas segundo a estatística Kappa Cohen. Resultados: Foram identificadas 25 escalas de mensuração da atividade anticolinérgica. A escala com maior número de fármacos e mais recente é a Crideco Anticholinergic Activity Scale – CALS. A Anticholinergic Burden Classification – ABC possui menor número de fármacos. Em relação à sistemática de pontuação a maioria das escalas usa um escore de 0 a 3. Nas escalas foram identificados 347 fármacos sintéticos e dois extratos vegetais (Beladona e Scopolia). Os extratos foram considerados nesse estudo como produto natural, considerando o tipo de planta presente no extrato. Para fins de totalização de números de fármacos presentes nas escalas considerou-se 349. Os fármacos mais frequentes eram do subgrupo N06A - antidepressivos, N05B - ansiolíticos e A02B – fármacos para úlcera péptica e doença do refluxo gastresofágico. Os subgrupos farmacológicos mais prevalentes foram: N06A - antidepressivos, N05A - antipsicóticos e R06A - anti-histamínicos. A maioria dos fármacos presentes nas escalas possuíam atividade anticolinérgica indireta. De acordo com a estatística Kappa Cohen apenas 10 pares de escalas apresentaram concordância moderada. Conclusão: Encontra-se disponível 25 escalas para mensuração da atividade anticolinérgica. A concordância entre as escalas identificadas quanto aos fármacos incluídos é regular. Considerando os fármacos incluídos e os pares de escalas, predominou-se a concordância fraca e regular.
INDICADORES OBSTÉTRICOS E NEONATAIS DE PARTOS ASSISTIDOS POR RESIDENTES DE ENFERMAGEM OBSTÉTRICA – UM ESTUDO TRANSVERSAL
Authors: Fonsêca Marinho Larissa Régia da , De Vasconcelos Monteiro Priscila , Gomes da Costa Escoto Esteche Cinthia Maria , Oliveira Brito Juliana , Damasceno Ana Kelve , de Oliveira Cavalcante Lima Laysla
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: caracterizar os indicadores obstétricos e neonatais das práticas de assistência aos partos assistidos por residentes de enfermagem obstétrica em um Centro Obstétrico de uma maternidade de referência do Estado do Métodos: estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo, com delineamento transversal e abordagem descritiva. A pesquisa foi realizada através dos livros de Registro dos partos. Foram analisados 180 instrumentos de coleta de dados. Resultados: As gestantes tinham faixa etária predominante entre 15 e 25 anos, 74 (41,1%) primíparas, 140 (77,8%) foram admitidas em trabalho de parto ativo, 159 (86,6%) tiveram acompanhante de sua escolha. As parturientes que receberam ocitocina para correção da dinâmica uterina e analgesia farmacológica para alívio da dor foram 19 (10,6%) e 10 (5,6%) respectivamente. Percebeu-se que houve associação estatística significante entre paridade e laceração perineal mostrando uma relação entre uma menor paridade e a presença de laceração. Quanto a idade gestacional 170 (94,4%) eram gestações a termo. Todos 180 (100%) recém-nascidos receberam Apgar igual ou maior que 8 no 5º minuto, destes foram colocados em contato pele a pele com a mãe 174 (96,7%). Quanto a posição de parir a mais adotada foi a semissentada 108 (60%), todas as 180 (100%) mulheres utilizaram métodos não farmacológicos de alívio da dor. Conclusão: os residentes de enfermagem obstétrica adotaram boas práticas de atenção ao parto e nascimento, norteados por evidência cientifica e assistência humanizada, acarretando desfechos maternos e neonatais favoráveis.
ATUAÇÃO DAS ENFERMEIRAS NA PROMOÇÃO E APOIO AO ALEITAMENTO MATERNO NO PRÉ-NATAL: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Marques Costa Mariana , Lutz Martins Elaine , Feijó da Silva Tarciso , Antunes Wilhelm Laís , Amaral Prata Juliana , José Oliveira Mouta Ricardo
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: discutir, com base na literatura científica, a atuação das enfermeiras na promoção e apoio ao aleitamento materno no pré-natal. Método: revisão integrativa de literatura, desenvolvida em junho de 2021, com os descritores: gestantes, enfermagem, educação em saúde, cuidado de pré-natal, educação pré-natal e aleitamento materno. Resultados: das 749 publicações identificadas, nove atendiam aos critérios de elegibilidade. As enfermeiras utilizam diversas estratégias nas práticas educativas de promoção e apoio ao aleitamento, apresentando repercussões positivas, o que facilita a adesão ao ato de amamentar. Todavia, existem lacunas nas práticas educativas durante o pré-natal, podendo levar ao desmame precoce. Conclusão: estratégias educacionais são utilizadas pelas enfermeiras, que orientam as gestantes acerca do aleitamento materno, porém novas abordagens educativas e temáticas precisam ser discutidas visando a integralidade que a amamentação representa para a mulher, o bebê e a família.
Fall From Height Cases of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and The Curfew of the COVID-19 Period Possible Effects on it
Authors: KILIÇ Serbülent , OTO Arzu , SAHIN Musa
Published: September 2023

Background/Purpose: To investigate whether the curfew of the COVID-19 pandemic influences the fall from height cases in children’s age group.

Methods: This study was conducted in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of XXX Training and Research Hospital between 01 January 2017 and 01 January 2022. This study enrolled 39 males (35.1%) and 72 females (64.9%) aged 4.4 ±4.1 years.

Results: The findings indicate that when the school precautions existed, the number of fall cases who were admitted to PICU decreased 10-fold. Additionally, when the general precautions were performed, the number of fall cases who were admitted to PICU decreased 31,8%. On the other hand, the logistic regression model, which was established to predict the independent factors of higher fall cases among all of the fall cases admitted to PICU, was found to be significant. Falling from the 'storey of building', which is one of the variables included in the analysis, contributed significantly to the model and was in a 54.4-fold significant relationship with High Falls (above 4.57 meters). While pneumocephalus injury was associated with High Falls 9.2 times, pneumothorax was associated 15.9 times.

Conclusion: Our results have three implications. First, it was presented that above 4,57 meter falls cause more severe injuries than lower falls. Second, injury patterns, social parameters, epidemiological differences, required prevention equipment, and education of caregivers of fall cases were revealed. Third, the influences of the curfew on the COVID-19 pandemic were discussed.
Inclusivity of ICT Based Solutions to Public Transportation Problems: Challenges and Opportunities for Bloemfontein
Authors: Bashingi Ndakhona , Adedayo Adedeji Jacob , Kumar Das Dillip , Mostafa Hassan Mostafa Mohammed
Published: September 2023

Promoting information and communication technologies as mobility and transportation accessibility solutions in efforts to achieve sustainable transportation excludes socioeconomic vulnerability. ICT-related efforts do not meet the mobility and accessibility needs of every single group in society, resulting in socioeconomic exclusion for specific groups of people. Social exclusion disadvantages vulnerable social groups in society's mobility, while limited mobility reduces access to activities for disadvantaged groups; travel for job hunting, education, work, and health facilities further increases these groups' physical isolation. The need to travel for activities, services, and basic goods for human consumption such as food, water, and medication must be addressed by developing inclusive transportation systems. Through tele-activities, e-payments, security and surveillance, among other components adaptable to travel and mobility, technological solutions have been at the forefront of prescriptions to transportation problems. However, they remain inaccessible to some of society. The study investigates whether inclusive, sustainable public transportation can be fully realized in developing countries by utilizing technology-based travel behavior solutions. It also investigates the effectiveness of ICT solutions to travel, mobility, and accessibility issues in a South African city with a relatively traditional public transportation system. The study considers socioeconomic travel processes as well as travel behavior constructs to inclusivity in order to weigh the prospects of equitable provision of ICT-enabled public transportation services in the developing world. This study discovered that travelers have smartphone access; however, the purposes of smartphones are not directly related to travel and transportation. Furthermore, public transportation service providers do not have an online presence. Overall, for ICT-enabled public transportation to thrive in developing countries, accessible technologies such as calls and SMS that do not require internet access must be considered.
Assessment of stimulus distance during driving
Authors: Ivanišević Tijana , Trifunović Aleksandar , Čičević Svetlana , Simović Sreten
Published: September 2023

We make about 1,400 decisions in one hour of the day, which makes about 35,000 decisions in 24 hours. The driver's task in traffic is to assess traffic situations and act in accordance with their decisions in traffic. One of the most common causes of traffic accidents is "misjudgment of road users". The perception of space is one of the prerequisites for safe and successful driving. In order to investigate the mentioned issue, the authors of this paper conducted an experimental study with the aim of determining what affects the perception of the distance to the object. 164 respondents participated in the experiment. The research results show statistically significant differences in the perception of distance to objects of different colors. The respondents with the smallest error estimate the distance to the red object better, in the conditions when the driver sits in the driver's seat and observes the object through the camera in the vehicle (hereinafter via the camera), while the respondents in the situation when the driver sits and observes the object in the rearview mirror (hereinafter to the text by looking in the rearview mirror) and in the situation when the driver is sitting and looking at objects over his shoulder (direct observation) estimated the distance to the yellow object with the smallest error. Respondents with the highest error estimate the distance to the blue and green objects.
Application of matrices in transport
Authors: Radovanovic Dragan
Published: September 2023

The action of linear operators can be represented in a matrix, so it is most convenient to write systems of equations with a large number of unknowns in matrix form. In the following text, the basic operations with matrices will be listed, the existing computer tools in operations with matrices will be pointed out, and finally some practical problems from transportation that can be solved with matrices will be given. The transport chain can be formed by one or more types, with different cargo handling technologies, types of cargo units, types of carriers, all of which affect transport costs and delivery time. On the basis of techno-economic analysis, the best variants of transport chains are generated, which should be known by senders and receivers. The number of combinations can be important, and matrices can be used to determine the most favorable variants. The basic problems in the optimization of the stacking of piece loads (goods) on carriers are the appearance and mass at the places of initial and final operations, which in most cases are of stochastic size, and the distribution of load masses in a static and dynamic sense.
Analysis of the impact of speed on traffic safety in the city of Banja Luka
Authors: Šavija Ana , Kulundžija Mladen
Published: September 2023

Speed, as one of the basic parameters for the movement of an individual vehicle, is the main cause of traffic accidents. Inadequate speed often leads to traffic accidents with serious consequences, or often fatal accidents. By increasing the speed, visibility decreases, that is, it is more difficult to see other road users, which endangers their safety. By moving on the road, the vehicle achieves different speeds at different moments of time, that is, vehicles move at different speeds under the same road and ambient conditions. In this paper, an analysis of the impact of vehicle speed on traffic safety in the City of Banja Luka was performed, determining the state of the traffic infrastructure as well as its impact on the real speed of vehicle movement. The key results were obtained using the method of anonymous recording on three primary roads in the City of Banja Luka. The goal of the work is to determine, based on the actual situation on the ground, (the speeds measured at three locations in the city to), to what extent drivers respect the speed determined by adequate vertical signage.
Digital location tracking of children and adolescents: a theoretical framework and review
Authors: Davis Isabella , Thornburg Makayla A. , Patel Herry , Pelham William E.
Published: September 2023

Many parents in the U.S. have begun using GPS-based digital location tracking (DLT) technologies (smartphones, tags, wearables) to track the whereabouts of children and adolescents. The paper lays the foundation for an emerging science of DLT by performing the first-ever theoretical analysis and review of empirical literature on DLT. First, we develop a framework to clarify how DLT should be conceptualized and measured, how it compares to historical strategies for monitoring youths’ location, and the mechanisms by which it might affect youth adjustment. Second, we review what is known about DLT today, finding that (1) DLT use is now common from childhood to emerging adulthood, with 33-69% of families using it; (2) there are sociodemographic differences in DLT use; (3) DLT use has significant cross-sectional associations with other parenting behaviors, with family functioning, and with youth adjustment; and (4) there is much speculation, but minimal data, about the new ethical and developmental issues that might arise from DLT use (e.g., privacy invasions). Third, we critique the existing evidence base to outline priorities for future research, emphasizing the need for longitudinal data, better measurement, and moving beyond convenience samples. We conclude that DLT is a new, common, and vastly understudied parenting behavior of clinical and developmental relevance.
MTG2 is differentially expressed in central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that mitochondrial ribosome-associated GTPase 2, encoded by MTG2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. MTG2 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of MTG2 in primary tumors, however, was not correlated with survival outcomes in human breast cancer. Modulation of MTG2 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Analyzing the Influence of Culture on Happiness
Authors: Mittal Aniket
Published: September 2023

There are over 3,814 cultures reported in the world each with its own beliefs and locations (Lahr 2). Cultures shape our daily lives with differences in food, religion, daily practices and rituals, beliefs, etc. Thus, cultures are crucial in determining one’s happiness and life satisfaction but also have the possibility of hindering it. Although life satisfaction is also motivated by other factors such as socioeconomic status, societal influence, and healthy relationships, cultural beliefs and practices significantly impact one’s life satisfaction as showcased by the stark differences between collectivistic cultures in East Asia and individualistic cultures in West, the disadvantages in beliefs between students of different backgrounds, and the immense differences in cultural practices among different cultures. Why would this topic be significant? Cultural influence on happiness is not just a small factor; it is one that psychologists can use to their advantage and can help them diagnose the problems in today’s society. Especially as 44% of college students report having depression or anxiety (Druckenmiller 1) and a slow cultural decline, especially among the youth (Casey 1), the cultural influence on life satisfaction could be a major reason for increasing mental health problems. As a result, psychologists argue that utilizing cultural techniques and analyzing cultural factors for diagnosis could be an important step in psychological treatment (Hofmann 3).
SHB is differentially expressed in central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that SH2 domain-containing adaptor protein B, encoded by SHB, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. SHB mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of SHB in primary tumors was correlated with patient recurrence-free survival. Modulation of SHB expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
A Technological View of Artificial Intelligence in US Healthcare
Authors: Mittal Aniket
Published: September 2023

Since the onset of COVID-19 in the United States, hospitals became increasingly burned out—nurses reported higher levels of stress, exhaustion, and a depressive mood (Zerbini 20). Patients flooded operating rooms, ventilators were in high-demand and medical professionals worked long hours. The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made a large difference. Artificial Intelligence, as defined by leading technology company IBM, is a field that combines computer science and robust datasets to enable problem-solving to make predictions or classifications (19). A researcher from the University College London and the Lancet Digital Health found that as a result, AI usage in healthcare has significantly reduced the burden on medical professionals (McCall 20). Founder of the Dutch digital health company, Sonohaler, Dr. Bohr explains that Artificial Intelligence is increasingly being used in healthcare and is expected to cut healthcare costs by 150 billion dollars by 2026. In addition, it is forecasted that the AI-healthcare market is expected to grow to 6.6 billion dollars (20). However, there are risks and drawbacks. From the University of Cambridge, in the United Kingdom, Dr. Hamid explains that AI in healthcare offers various risks and opportunities (18). As artificial intelligence is utilized at a higher frequency in the healthcare industry, it’s important to make considerations regarding its effectiveness and its future implementation. While AI in the US healthcare industry can pose potential cybersecurity risks, it serves as an important technological advancement for improving patient care such as monitoring diabetes and improving patient experience but important considerations should be made regarding the safe utilization, patient opinion, and development of artificial intelligence as it is used more in healthcare.
Personalization and Recommendation Engines
Authors: Egon Kaledio , ROSINSKI JULIA
Published: September 2023

I. IntroductionA. Definition of Personalization and Recommendation Engines1. Personalization: The process of tailoring content, products, or services to individual users based on their preferences, behavior, and characteristics.2. Recommendation Engines: Algorithms and systems that analyze user data to provide personalized suggestions, such as product recommendations, content, or services.B. The Ubiquity of Personalization1. Mention the prevalence of personalization in everyday experiences:- Netflix recommending movies and shows.- Amazon suggesting products.- Spotify curating playlists.- Social media newsfeeds tailored to user interests.C. The Impact on User Experience1. Discuss how personalization enhances user experience:- Increased engagement and interaction.- Improved user satisfaction and loyalty.- Higher conversion rates and revenue growth.- Reduced information overload.D. The Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI)1. Emphasize that personalization and recommendation engines heavily rely on AI and machine learning.2. AI's ability to process large datasets, identify patterns, and make real-time recommendations.E. Relevance in Digital Marketing1. Explain why personalization and recommendation engines are vital for digital marketing:- Targeted marketing campaigns.- Customized product offerings.- Improved customer segmentation.- Enhanced customer engagement and retention.F. The Structure of the Presentation/Article1. Provide an overview of what the audience can expect to learn or explore in subsequent sections.2. Highlight key topics, challenges, and future trends related to personalization and recommendation engines.G. Thesis Statement1. Conclude the introduction with a thesis statement summarizing the main message of the presentation/article. For example:- "In this presentation/article, we will delve into the fascinating world of personalization and recommendation engines, exploring their profound impact on user experiences, the role of AI, practical applications in digital marketing, and the evolving landscape of this technology."
FBXO45 is differentially expressed in central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that F-box protein 45, encoded by FBXO45, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. FBXO45 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of FBXO45 in primary tumors was correlated with patient overall, distant metastasis-free and recurrence-free survival in human breast cancer. Modulation of FBXO45 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Exploring the associations between physical activity level, cognitive performance and response to computerized cognitive training among chronic stroke patients
Authors: Sanders Anne-Marthe , Richard Genevieve , Kolskår Knut , Ulrichsen Kristine M. , Alnæs Dag , Dørum Erlend S. , Ihle-Hansen Hege , Pedersen Mads Lund , Nordvik Jan Egil , Westlye Lars T.
Published: September 2023

Background: Post-stroke attentional and working memory deficits are common and represent relevant predictors of long-term functional recovery and outcome. The individual responses to cognitive rehabilitation and interventions vary between patients and are influenced by multiple factors. Recently, a link between level of engagement in physical activities and cognitive rehabilitation has been suggested. However, few previous studies have tested the predictive value of physical activity on cognitive performance and response to cognitive training among chronic stroke patients. There is also a lack of knowledge concerning the prognostic value of index stroke characteristics, on physical activity in chronic phase. Method: In this cross-sectional and longitudinal study, including stroke survivors suffering mild to moderate strokes (n=52, mean age=70 years), we used Bayesian regression to test the association between cognitive performance and response to a three-week intervention with a commonly used computerized cognitive training (CCT) system, and baseline physical activity level measured with International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). We also tested the association between stroke characteristics, as stroke severity (National Institutes Hospital Stroke Scale (NIHSS)), ischemic stroke etiology (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST)), and stroke location, and physical activity level in chronic phase (n=66, mean age=68 years). For descriptive purposes we included 104 sex and age matched healthy controls (mean age=69 years). Results: The analyses revealed anecdotal evidence of a positive association between overall cognitive performance and daily minutes of sedentary behavior, indicating that better cognitive performance was associated with more daily hours of sitting still. We found no support for an association between cognitive performance and response to CCT with activity level. In addition, the analysis showed group differences in sedentary behavior between patients with small vessel disease (n=20) and cardioembolism (n=7), indicating more sedentary behavior in patients with small vessel disease. There was no further support for a predictive value of index stroke characteristics on physical activity level.Conclusion: The results do not support that baseline physical activity level is a relevant predictor of the overall performance or response to CCT in this sample of chronic stroke patients. Similarly, the analyses revealed little evidence for an association between index stroke characteristics and future activity level in patients surviving mild to moderate stroke.
Networks of Security
Authors: Umansky Natalia
Published: September 2023

While the idea that securitization is a relational, continuous process is not new, it remains unclear how this reconceptualization can be applied to systematically study the emergence of security threats at scale. To address this problem, this chapter offers an innovative adaptation of Discourse Network Analysis (Leifeld, 2016) to develop a formalized model that facilitates the exploration of the (trans)formation and evolution of (meanings of) security. The core purpose of this analysis is to strengthen the modern conceptualizations of securitization that move beyond the ‘speech act’ by addressing the void between the theoretical advancements and their limited empirical applications. By leveraging the empirical opportunities allowed by the advent of social media, an example is provided to demonstrate the usefulness of this formalized model and to illustrate the applicability of networks of security for the study of securitization as an intersubjective, dynamic process.
Which Humans?
Authors: Atari Mohammad , Xue Mona J. , Park Peter S. , Blasi Damián Ezequiel , Henrich Joseph
Published: September 2023

Large language models (LLMs) have recently made vast advances in both generating and analyzing textual data. Technical reports often compare LLMs’ outputs with “human” performance on various tests. Here, we ask, “Which humans?” Much of the existing literature largely ignores the fact that humans are a cultural species with substantial psychological diversity around the globe that is not fully captured by the textual data on which current LLMs have been trained. We show that LLMs’ responses to psychological measures are an outlier compared with large-scale cross-cultural data, and that their performance on cognitive psychological tasks most resembles that of people from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) societies but declines rapidly as we move away from these populations (r = -.70). Ignoring cross-cultural diversity in both human and machine psychology raises numerous scientific and ethical issues. We close by discussing ways to mitigate the WEIRD bias in future generations of generative language models.
Why are people averse to becoming a cyborg? Untangling the roles of naturalness bias, moral judgments, and personal identity change in technological implants acceptance
Authors: Hao-tian Zhang , Yu Feng , Ding Xiaojun , Han Yufang
Published: September 2023

Across three experiments (N = 697), we provided evidence for people’s moral judgment and perceived identity change towards technological implants, as well as uncovering the underlying psychological mechanism (i.e., naturalness bias) concerning moral judgment. In Study 1, we examined the impact of physical enhancement through body implants. Results showed the roles of perceived naturalness and moral judgment in the negative effect of body implants on intention to use. Also, the protagonist was rated as being more likely to engage in immoral behaviors after using body implants, which would in turn lead to a significant perceived identity change towards the protagonist. Study 2 replicated the results of Study 1 while introducing a control group consisting of individuals who underwent plastic surgery and refining the measurement methodology. Study 3 explored emotional and cognitive enhancement through implants. Results showed that emotional enhancement was considered more immoral and unnatural than cognitive enhancement in implant condition. We also detected a more significant perceived identity change and anticipated immoral behaviors on emotional (vs. cognitive) enhancement in implant condition. Altogether, the current study has critical moral implications for the application of transhumanism technology.
Using Measurement Alignment in Research on Adolescence Involving Multiple Groups: A Brief Tutorial with R
Authors: Han Hyemin
Published: September 2023

Measurement alignment adjusts factor loadings and intercepts across different groups to achieve measurement invariance, which assumes the equal measurement model validated across different groups. It should be achieved for validly conducting analysis and comparison in studies involving multiple groups, such as cross-cultural or cross-national studies. In this paper, I presented how to conduct measurement alignment with R. In addition to measurement alignment, I explained how to perform the Monte Carlo simulation to test the consistency and validity of alignment results and factor score calculation to facilitate further statistical analysis. A tutorial R code that implements all described procedures is freely shared via GitHub to inform readers who intend to use the alignment technique in their research projects.
On-Campus COVID-19 Policy Preferences: Experimental Evidence from a Global Student Sample
Authors: Lee-Whiting Blake , Bergeron Thomas
Published: September 2023

Which COVID-19 pandemic safety measures do university students want their educational institutions to implement? Using two experimental studies embedded in a survey administered between July 28 and August 27, 2021 to 4,812 students in 78 countries who attend more than 1,000 post-secondary insti- tutions, we examine attitudes towards various prevalent COVID-19 mitigation policies implemented by universities. We find that requiring vaccinations for students and staff, providing hybrid-learning options, limiting class sizes, free COVID-19 testing, and mask mandates are favoured by students, whereas clos- ing student residences or policies which specifically affect international students are unpopular. Our research has implications for future pandemic-related uni- versity policymaking.
Thinking you're different matters more for belonging than being different
Authors: Chadha Sareena , Ha Tiffany Shaun , Wood Adrienne
Published: September 2023

Belonging to a community is essential for wellbeing, but potentially unattainable for those dissimilar from a group. In the present work, we ask whether belongingness is better predicted by acting and thinking like peers or believing you act and think like peers. Students (N = 1181) reported their belonging and how much they, their friends, and an “average student” endorsed local behavioral norms and general values. We calculated difference scores for behaviors and values capturing perceived similarity to the average, actual similarity to the average, and accuracy around the norm. Key results indicate that perceived behavioral similarity to the average, when controlling for other differences, predicts belonging and most robustly mediates between identity and belonging. Using social network analysis, we find behavioral differences from friends are meaningfully linked to network density and racial homophily. Efficient interventions for enhanced belonging could highlight similarities between students and their peers.
The moral psychology of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Bonnefon Jean-François , Rahwan Iyad , Shariff Azim
Published: September 2023

Moral psychology was shaped around three categories of agents and patients: humans, other animals, and supernatural beings. Rapid progress in Artificial Intelligence has introduced a fourth category for our moral psychology to deal with: intelligent machines. Machines can perform as moral agents, making decisions that affect the outcomes of human patients, or solving moral dilemmas without human supervi- sion. Machines can be as perceived moral patients, whose outcomes can be affected by human decisions, with important consequences for human-machine cooperation. Machines can be moral proxies, that hu- man agents and patients send as their delegates to a moral interaction, or use as a disguise in these interactions. Here we review the exper- imental literature on machines as moral agents, moral patients, and moral proxies, with a focus on recent findings and the open questions that they suggest.
Parental language mixing: Its measurement and the relation of mixed input to young bilingual children’s vocabulary size
Authors: Byers-Heinlein Krista
Published: September 2023

Is parental language mixing related to vocabulary acquisition in bilingual infants and children? Bilingual parents (who spoke English and another language; n = 181) completed the Language Mixing Scale questionnaire, a new self-report measure that assesses how frequently parents use words from two different languages in the same sentence, such as borrowing words from another language or code switching between two languages in the same sentence. Concurrently, English vocabulary size was measured in the bilingual children of these parents. Most parents reported regular language mixing in interactions with their child. Increased rates of parental language mixing were associated with significantly smaller comprehension vocabularies in 1.5-year-old bilingual infants, and marginally smaller production vocabularies in 2-year-old bilingual children. Exposure to language mixing might obscure cues that facilitate young bilingual children’s separation of their languages and could hinder the functioning of learning mechanisms that support the early growth of their vocabularies.
Construction of the Views oN Infant Sleep (VNIS) questionnaire: A pilot study
Authors: Boedker Ingrid , South Tina , McGlone Francis , ball helen , Roberts Sam G. B.
Published: September 2023

Parents’ understanding of infant sleep behaviour varies over time and across cultures. Infant sleeping arrangements can be solitary or social. Although in the United Kingdom bed-sharing is discouraged by the National Health Service, it is widely practiced. No validated instrument exists to understand parents’ prenatal views on infant sleep and knowledge of infant sleep behaviours, which may influence their decisions postnatally. Moreover, dissonance between dominant cultural views and infant night-time care practices may be associated with other postnatal factors including maternal mental health and well-being. The Views oN Infant Sleep Questionnaire (VNIS) will be a tool for midwifes to assess parents’ knowledge gaps and provide tailored perinatal care, increase the reliability of postnatal self-report measures, allow for cross-cultural comparisons, and provide a baseline for researchers to use in longitudinal studies. We recruited an online sample of 971 female participants who were resident in the United Kingdom, at least 28 weeks pregnant, and at least 18 years of age. The questionnaire comprised 31 items on independence, night-waking, infant feeding, touch, and safety and items were rated on a 5-point Likert scale. The item pool was reduced to 12 using principal component analysis and a structure was found for the three components “Closeness”, “Independence”, and “Night-waking”. Overall this suggests that the VNIS can provide a brief scale to measure different aspects of parents’ prenatal views and knowledge of infant sleep. In further research the VNIS needs to be validated with a confirmatory factor analysis in another sample, and to be tested as a cross-cultural instrument.
Development of Metamemory and the Role of Working Memory among Indian Adolescents
Authors: Khatoon Murshida
Published: September 2023

Metamemory research has gained traction in the past few decades spanning areas such as ageing, cognition, education, brain injury and the like. This study looks into the developmental trend of metamemory among school-going adolescents together with the influence of working memory. A sample of 891 adolescents participated in this study. Age-appropriate measures were developed for assessing metamemory components, viz., declarative and procedural metamemory. Digit-span tests and letter-number sequencing tests were taken as measures of working memory. Declarative metamemory showed an incremental trend till middle adolescence while sharply declining during late adolescence. Gender differences were non-existent for declarative metamemory but did exist for components of procedural with females outperforming males on the monitoring component and males outperforming females on the control component. Both declarative and procedural memory (control component) can predict memory task performance. Working memory can significantly predict how well one can exercise metamemory control, thus establishing a link between an object-level and a meta-level construct.
Unique motor plans facilitate learning during task switching, but at the expense of greater switch costs
Authors: Crossley Matthew J , Filoteo Vincent , Maddox Todd , Ashby F. Gregory
Published: September 2023

Many factors influence task switching, including attention, motor resources, and the different types of memory systems required for each component task. Even so, prior task-switching studies have focused almost exclusively on tasks that do not require significant learning. An experiment is reported that investigates how attention, motor planning, and memory systems influence the learning of two categorization tasks when those tasks are: (1) completely novel to participants, and (2) must be switched between on a random trial-by-trial basis during the learning process. Results indicate that associating each category label with a unique motor response facilitates the learning of each task during task switching. Participants were more accurate on switch trials with unique motor responses, but at the cost of longer response times. A novel cognitive control model is proposed that successfully accounts for these results. Finally, these results are discussed within the context of existing category-learning and cognitive-control theories, none of which predict the observed pattern of results.
ADHD- AND AGE-DEPENDENT DEPRESSION EFFECTS DIFFERENTIALLY PREDICT PROSPECTIVE CHANGES IN ADOLESCENT EMOTION DYSREGULATION
Authors: Bunford Nóra , Szajli Claudia , Reicher Vivien , Utczás Katinka , Pászthy Bea , Réthelyi János M.
Published: September 2023

Emotion dysregulation (ED) is a key correlate and risk factor of a range of externalizing and internalizing disorders and symptoms and a core target for psychopharmacologic and psychosocial interventions. Adolescence is arguably the most important developmental period for acquisition of adaptive, adult-like emotion regulation skills and, as such, a particularly vulnerable phase for the development of ED. Gaps in knowledge remain about normative changes in emotion regulation across time in adolescence or about intraindividual characteristics that predict those changes. We examined, in 241 adolescents (Mage=15.73 years, SD=.1.07, 60.2% boys), (1) developmental patterns in emotion regulation across 18 months, (2) whether ADHD risk status and relevant clinical and demographic variables predict those patterns, and in a subsample of 84 adolescents (Mage=14.84 years, SD=.5245), (3) whether ADHD risk status and relevant clinical and demographic variables, including level of biological maturity, predict developmental patters. Findings indicated average ED scores did not change across time but also that considerable individual-level heterogeneity in the direction and magnitude of changes accounted for lack of group-level differences. Results also showed ADHD risk and depression had opposing effects on changes in ED across time such that ADHD risk status was associated with a relative decrease or stagnation of ED, but earlier development of elevated depression problems predicted an increase in ED. These results indirectly support the delay in brain maturation hypothesis of ADHD such that adolescents at-risk for ADHD, relative to adolescents not at-risk, albeit exhibited higher ED at baseline, showed a reduction in ED by follow-up. Results are also consistent with conceptual models of the relation between ED and internalizing problems being a reciprocal process with developmentally earlier onset of elevated depression as a risk factor for the exacerbation of ED.
Do patterns of adolescent participation in arts, culture and entertainment activities predict later wellbeing? A latent class analysis
Authors: Thornton Emma , Petersen Kimberly , Marquez Jose , Humphrey Neil
Published: September 2023

Using latent class analysis, we sought to establish classes of adolescent participation in arts, culture and entertainment (PACE) activities; associations between socio-demographic characteristics and classification; and whether classification predicts later wellbeing. Longitudinal #BeeWell data for 18,309 adolescents were used. Four classes emerged: ‘Dynamic Doers’ (high participation; 11.79%); ’Mind and Body Crew’ (reading, arts, videogames, sports/exercise; 39.9%); ‘Game and Gain Squad’ (videogames and sports/exercise; 29.02%); and ‘Activity Free Association’ (low participation; 19.3%). Associations between socio-demographic characteristics and PACE classification were established (e.g., disadvantage increased the likelihood of Activity Free Association classification, compared to Game and Gain Squad classification). PACE classification predicted later wellbeing (e.g., Dynamic Doers reported significantly higher wellbeing than the Activity Free Association). Implications and limitations are noted.
China's Double Zigzag Strategy for International Relations
Authors: Corman Steven R. , Allin Peggy-Jean M. , Kang Jihyun , Vasu Norman
Published: September 2023

China is seeking and gaining an increasing presence on the world stage, and this has generated uncertainty in the policy community about the country’s intentions. In this paper we argue that China’s behavior can be understood as the manifestation of a double zigzag narrative strategy which portrays itself as a power that fell and has risen, and its adversary the United States as a power that rose and has fallen. We support this claim using qualitative text analysis of recent Chinese State Media discourse, which juxtaposes success for China and failure for the U.S. in six topical areas: The pandemic, democracy, economics, domestic safety, human rights, and peace. Together the narrative trajectories constitute a form of narrative rationality for China and its foreign audiences, wherein the turning points of the two zigzags create a moral imperative for China to lead the world and for the United States to be abandoned as a leader. This, in turn, provides a basis for resolving uncertainty about China’s intentions.
MOSAIC OF THE TAL BAJER CHURCH NEAR ALEPPO
Authors: ALHAJ ALI FIRAS
Published: September 2023

Syria is very rich in mosaics, especially the northern and central areas. Inhis doctoral research the author tries to highlight the recent archaeological discoveriesaround Aleppo, including the mosaic of Tal Bajer, near Qansrin, discovered in 2011by a national archaeological mission from the Directorate of Antiquities and Museumof Aleppo.The mosaics are dating back to the end of the 5th century - the beginning of the 6thcentury AD (Byzantine era). The excavations resulted to discover a basilica typechurch completely paved with mosaics. The dimensions were 25 x 15 m. It consists ofthe apse, two porticoes and the main nave. Remains of six foundations for the bases ofthe columns, and Bema were also found. The mosaics were executed with small anddifferent colored stone tesserae. There are symmetrical geometric motifs, in additionto a Greek scriptural scene within a geometric frame. It is noticed the completeabsence of animal scenes and the scarcity of plant shapes.