bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-induced optical non-reciprocity
Authors: Wang Zhu-Bo , Zhang Yan-Lei , Hu Xin-Xin , Chen Guang-Jie , Li Ming , Yang Peng-Fei , Zou Xu-Bo , Zhang Peng-Fei , Dong Chun-Hua , Li Gang , Zhang Tian-Cai , Guo Guang-Can , Zou Chang-Ling
Published: January 2025

Non-reciprocal optical components are indispensable in optical applications, and their realization without any magnetic field has attracted increasing research interest in photonics. Exciting experimental progress has been achieved by either introducing spatial-temporal modulation of the optical medium or combining Kerr-type optical nonlinearity with spatial asymmetry in photonic structures. However, extra driving fields are required for the first approach, while the isolation of noise and the transmission of the signal cannot be simultaneously achieved for the other approach. Here, we propose the mechanism of nonlinear non-reciprocal susceptibility for optical media and experimentally realize the self-induced isolation of optical signals without any external bias field. The self-induced isolation by the input signal is demonstrated with an extremely high isolation ratio of 63.4 dB, a bandwidth of 2.1 GHz for 60 dB isolation, and a low insertion loss of ~1 dB. Furthermore, the new mechanism allows novel functional optical devices, including polarization purification and non-reciprocal leverage. A complete passive isolator is realized by introducing an asymmetry cavity. It is demonstrated that the 70 μW signal could lever the non-reciprocity and realize a 30 dB isolation of the backward laser with a power 100 times higher. The demonstrated nonlinear non-reciprocal medium provides a versatile tool to control light and deepen our understanding of light-matter interactions and enables applications ranging from topological photonics to unidirectional quantum information transfer in a network.
More trust in networks, more secure keys
Authors: Fan-Yuan Guan-Jie , Wang Shuang
Published: January 2025

A novel continuous-variable quantum passive optical network is proposed in which a user can increase their key rate by trusting other users. This is because the keys, which would be discarded to remove correlations with untrusted users, can be retained when the users are trusted. It provides a new perspective for enhancing network performance.
Skeletal interoception and prospective application in biomaterials for bone regeneration
Authors: Bai Long , Li Jilong , Li Guangfeng , Zhou Dongyang , Su Jiacan , Liu Changsheng
Published: January 2025

Accumulating research has shed light on the significance of skeletal interoception, in maintaining physiological and metabolic homeostasis related to bone health. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of how skeletal interoception influences bone homeostasis, delving into the complex interplay between the nervous system and skeletal system. One key focus of the review is the role of various factors such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in skeletal health via skeletal interoception. It explores how nerves innervating the bone tissue communicate with the central nervous system to regulate bone remodeling, a process critical for maintaining bone strength and integrity. Additionally, the review highlights the advancements in biomaterials designed to utilize skeletal interoception for enhancing bone regeneration and treatment of bone disorders. These biomaterials, tailored to interact with the body’s interoceptive pathways, are positioned at the forefront of innovative treatments for conditions like osteoporosis and fractures. They represent a convergence of bioengineering, neuroscience, and orthopedics, aiming to create more efficient and targeted therapies for bone-related disorders. In conclusion, the review underscores the importance of skeletal interoception in physiological regulation and its potential in developing more effective therapies for bone regeneration. It emphasizes the need for further research to fully understand the mechanisms of skeletal interoception and to harness its therapeutic potential fully.
Pivotal roles of biglycan and decorin in regulating bone mass, water retention, and bone toughness
Authors: Hua Rui , Han Yan , Ni Qingwen , Fajardo Roberto J. , Iozzo Renato V. , Ahmed Rafay , Nyman Jeffry S. , Wang Xiaodu , Jiang Jean X.
Published: January 2025

Proteoglycans, key components of non-collagenous proteins in the bone matrix, attract water through their negatively charged glycosaminoglycan chains. Among these proteoglycans, biglycan (Bgn) and decorin (Dcn) are major subtypes, yet their distinct roles in bone remain largely elusive. In this study, we utilized single knockout (KO) mouse models and successfully generated double KO (dKO) models despite challenges with low yield. Bgn deficiency, but not Dcn deficiency, decreased trabecular bone mass, with more pronounced bone loss in dKO mice. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance measurements showed a marked decrease in bound water among all KO groups, especially in Bgn KO and dKO mice. Moreover, both Bgn KO and dKO mice exhibited reduced fracture toughness compared to Dcn KO mice. Dcn was significantly upregulated in Bgn KO mice, while a modest upregulation of Bgn was observed in Dcn KO mice, indicating Bgn’s predominant role in bone. High resolution atomic force microscopy showed decreased in situ permanent energy dissipation and increased elastic modulus in the extrafibrillar matrix of Bgn/Dcn deficient mice, which were diminished upon dehydration. Furthermore, we found that both Bgn and Dcn are indispensable for the activation of ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Collectively, our results highlight the distinct and indispensable roles of Bgn and Dcn in maintaining bone structure, water retention, and bulk/in situ tissue properties in the bone matrix, with Bgn exerting a predominant influence.
LKB1 inactivation promotes epigenetic remodeling-induced lineage plasticity and antiandrogen resistance in prostate cancer
Authors: Li Fei , Dai Pengfei , Shi Huili , Zhang Yajuan , He Juan , Gopalan Anuradha , Li Dan , Chen Yu , Du Yarui , Xu Guoliang , Yang Weiwei , Liang Chao , Gao Dong
Published: January 2025

Epigenetic regulation profoundly influences the fate of cancer cells and their capacity to switch between lineages by modulating essential gene expression, thereby shaping tumor heterogeneity and therapy response. In castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the intricacies behind androgen receptor (AR)-independent lineage plasticity remain unclear, leading to a scarcity of effective clinical treatments. Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing on both human and mouse prostate cancer samples, combined with whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and multiple genetically engineered mouse models, we investigated the molecular mechanism of AR-independent lineage plasticity and uncovered a potential therapeutic strategy. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of human prostate cancers, both pre- and post-androgen deprivation therapy, revealed an association between liver kinase B1 (LKB1) pathway inactivation and AR independence. LKB1 inactivation led to AR-independent lineage plasticity and global DNA hypomethylation during prostate cancer progression. Importantly, the pharmacological inhibition of TET enzymes and supplementation with S-adenosyl methionine were found to effectively suppress AR-independent prostate cancer growth. These insights shed light on the mechanism driving AR-independent lineage plasticity and propose a potential therapeutic strategy by targeting DNA hypomethylation in AR-independent CRPC.
Different technology packages for aluminium smelters worldwide to deliver the 1.5 °C target
Authors: Tan Chang , Yu Xiang , Li Dan , Lei Tianyang , Hao Qi , Guan Dabo
Published: January 2025

Production of aluminium, one of the most energy-intensive metals, is challenging for mitigation efforts. Regional mitigation strategies often neglect the emissions patterns of individual smelters and fail to guide aluminium producers’ efforts to reduce GHG emissions. Here we build a global aluminium GHG emissions inventory (CEADs-AGE), which includes 249 aluminium smelters, representing 98% of global primary aluminium production and 280 associated fossil fuel-based captive power units. We find, despite the installation of more efficient and higher amperage cells, that the share of aluminium production powered by fossil fuel-based captive power units increased from 37% to 49% between 2012 and 2021. Retiring fossil fuel-based captive power plants 10 years ahead of schedule could reduce emissions intensity by 5.0–10.5 tCO2e per tonne of aluminium for dependent smelters. At least 18% of smelting capacity by 2040 and 67% by 2050 must be retrofitted with inert anode technology to achieve net-zero targets.
Sustainability assessment of the micellar optimized HPLC method for concomitant quantification of a common triple regimen for cardiovascular disorders: application to marketed formulations and in vitro dissolution testing
Authors: Sharaf Yasmine Ahmed , Refay Nada Mousad , Abdellatef Hisham Ezzat , Sattar Kabil Naglaa Abdel
Published: January 2025

Effective MLC separation of synergistic cardiovascular triple combination within five minutes, and successful application to tablet formulations and in vitro dissolution profiling, with superior sustainability profiles compared to reported protocols.
Pressure regulated CO2 electrolysis on two-dimensional Bi2O2Se
Authors: Sun Ruofan , Zhao Jiwu , Liu Hang , Xue Yanrong , Lu Xu
Published: January 2025

A 2D Bi2O2Se catalyst with low mass loading demonstrates enhanced performance in CO2 reduction to formate under high pressure. By pressurizing CO2 from ambient to 40 bar, the formate selectivity and partial current density increase significantly.
Cobalt-catalyzed reduction of esters to alkanes
Authors: Sahu Manas Kumar , Pattanaik Sandip , Gunanathan Chidambaram
Published: January 2025

The reduction of aryl carboxylates to methyl and allyl arene was attained using a well-defined cobalt catalyst.
Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance using isothermal amplification: a review
Authors: Hou Menghan , Yang Xinying , Gong Lin , Shen Xiantao
Published: January 2025

The application, challenges and prospects of isothermal amplification for AMR detection in conjunction with different technologies in terms of high assay specificity, high throughput and integration are summarized.
Sensitive detection of formaldehyde via a luminescent distorted Eu4L4 tetrahedral cage
Authors: Li Ran , Deng Xuan , Yin Fan , Duan Xiao-Fang , Zhou Li-Peng , Zhou Yang , Guo Xiao-Qing , Sun Qing-Fu
Published: January 2025

A novel distorted Eu4L4 tetrahedral cage exhibits exceptional luminescence sensitivity for formaldehyde detection at 19.4 ppb.
Covalent organic frameworks for radioactive iodine capture: structure and functionality
Authors: Fu Jie , Kang Jin-Yang , Gao Wei , Huang Zhi-Wen , Kong Ling-Qin , Xie Kai , Zhu Qiu-Hong , Zhang Guo-Hao , Tao Guo-Hong , He Ling
Published: January 2025

This review identifies COFs as promising materials for radioactive iodine adsorption, and highlights how structural and functional modifications, including electron-rich, flexible, ionic COFs and COF nanosheets significantly enhance iodine capture.
Correction: (Thio)chromenone derivatives exhibit anti-metastatic effects through selective inhibition of uPAR in cancer cell lines: discovery of an uPAR-targeting fluorescent probe
Authors: Chun So-Young , Park Chanhee , Oh Jiwon , Yoon Hye-Jin , Kim Tae-il , Kim Youngmi , Ham Seung Wook , Koh Hye Ran , Lee Hyung Ho , Kim Hun Young , Oh Kyungsoo
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘(Thio)chromenone derivatives exhibit anti-metastatic effects through selective inhibition of uPAR in cancer cell lines: discovery of an uPAR-targeting fluorescent probe’ by So-Young Chun et al., Chem. Commun., 2025, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4CC05907G.
A theoretical comparison of different third component content in ternary organic solar cells
Authors: Sun Ying , Wang Li-Li , Han Jin-Hong , Zhou Hai-Ping , Pan Qing-Qing , Zhao Zhi-Wen , Liu Xing-Man , Su Zhong-Min
Published: January 2025

10 wt% and 50 wt% of Y7 were added to a host system. The 10 wt% binary complex systems most commonly exhibited the IC-T stacking pattern and exhibited excellent performance leading to a superior PCE in the complex, B1:Y7 (10 wt%):BO-4Cl.
Effect of defects on ballistic transport in a bilayer SnS2-based junction with Co intercalated electrodes
Authors: Liu Miao , Wang Huan , Liu Xiaojie , Wang Yin , Yin Haitao
Published: January 2025

This study explores defect-related electronic structure and transport in a device with BL-SnS2 as the scattering region and Co-SnS2 as metallic electrodes.
Role of polymer graft stiffness in electrostatic-driven self-assembly of nanoparticles in solutions
Authors: Pothukuchi Rajesh Pavan , Radhakrishna Mithun
Published: January 2025

Nanoparticles (NPs) grafted with semi-flexible/rigid polyion chains self-assemble to form rings, strings, and percolated structures, with potential applications in thermal underfilling, neuromorphic devices, and biological systems.
2D metallic transition metal dichalcogenides: promising contact metals for 2D GaN-based (opto)electronic devices
Authors: Li Jing , Ao Lei , Xiong Zhihua
Published: January 2025

2D metallic transition metal dichalcogenides are identified to be promising contact metals for 2D GaN-based (opto)electronic devices.
Can we talk about ionic bonds in molecules? Yes, just as we do for covalent bonds
Authors: Martín Pendás Ángel , Rodriges Diogo J. L. , Francisco Evelio
Published: January 2025

A claim that ionic bonds exist only in ionic solids is critically analyzed by focusing on the controversial LiH molecule.
Intracellular metal ion-based chemistry for programmed cell death
Authors: You Yawen , Guo Zhaochen , Wolter Tyler , Hu Quanyin
Published: January 2025

This review summarizes intracellular metal ion-inducing chemical reactions and their mechanisms for triggering programmed cell death (PCD) in cancer cells and discusses the challenges and opportunities of PCD in cancer cells.
Chlorine tailored CdOxCly/Al2O3 for syngas formation in electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Wang Xin , He Zhen-Hong , Cao Hui-Hui , Ji Yu-Xuan , Fan Xuan-Lu , Yan Rui-Peng , Wang Kuan , Wang Weitao , Li Lu , Liu Zhao-Tie
Published: January 2025

The conductivity of the Cd–Al catalyst modified with chlorine promotes the eCO2RR to produce a wide range of syngas.
Unusual variability of isomers in copper(ii) complexes with 1,8-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)-cyclam
Authors: Maďar Milan , Faltejsek Jan , Bušková Hana , Koláčná Lucie , Jaroš Adam , Kotek Jan , Straka Michal , Kubíček Vojtěch , Ludvík Jiří
Published: January 2025

The CuII complex of 1,8-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)-cyclam forms an unexpected variety of isomers differing in the mutual orientation of the substituents on the cyclam nitrogen atoms, protonation of the phenolate pendant, and the ligand denticity.
Programming layer-by-layer liquid phase epitaxy in microfluidics for realizing two-dimensional metal–organic framework sensor arrays
Authors: Jiang Huijie , Staeglich Bo , Knoch Joachim , Kumar Sandeep , Dilbaghi Neeraj , Deep Akash , Ingebrandt Sven , Pachauri Vivek
Published: January 2025

A liquid-phase epitaxy approach is utilized for programmable growth of two-dimensional metal organic framework, Ni-BDC-NH2 and realization of sensor-arrays for the detection of diisobutyl phthalate in the concentration range from 1 to 20 μg mL−1.
Tandem chemical hydrolysis and bioelectrochemical upcycling of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for sustainable biobutanol and ethanol production ensuring plastics circularity
Authors: Kopperi Harishankar , Mamidi Vishnuvardhan , Suresh G. , Venkata Mohan S.
Published: January 2025

Developing novel chemical upcycling technologies to transform plastic wastes into economically viable chemicals is crucial to establish circular plastics economy. Present work delineated a methodology integrating chemical and bio-catalysis for converting waste PET to sustainable biofuel blendstocks.
Programmable assemblies of photothermal anisotropic micromotors for multimodal motion
Authors: Zhao Wenchang , Wang Shiyu , Zhou Ying , Li Yanhong , Tang Shuxian , Zheng Yutong , Zhu Pingan
Published: January 2025

A highly controllable and programmable self-assembly process has been developed, enabling multimodal motion through anisotropic micromotors fabricated using microfluidic technology.
Efficient CO2 capture by deep eutectic solvents through reducing the reaction between carbenes and CO2
Authors: Zhu Jiaxun , Lu Bohao , Yang Dezhong
Published: January 2025

[Emim][Triz]–EG DESs exhibited not only a higher CO2 capture capacity but also a lower regeneration temperature in comparison with [Emim][Triz].
Magnesium/methanol-d1: a practical reductive deuteration system for the deuterium labeling of α,β-unsaturated esters, nitriles and amides
Authors: Ma Penghui , Li Jinxuan , Sun Linhua , Yao Xingli , Wang Xin , Qin Yunfeng , Gu Yingchun , Wang Bin
Published: January 2025

We present a reductive deuteration system using Mg/CH3OD, which successfully facilitates the conversion of α,β-unsaturated esters, amides, and nitriles to their saturated counterparts.
Preparation and nanoaggregate formation ability in water of amphiphilic ladder-like polymers with parallelly linked hydrophilic polyether and hydrophobic polysiloxane chains
Authors: Matsuo Shiori , Nonaka Sho , Mihata Aki , Shikinaka Kazuhiro , Kaneko Yoshiro
Published: January 2025

An amphiphilic ladder-like polymer (PGE–PAMS) was successfully prepared. PGE–PAMS formed nanoaggregates in water, which were stable even at high temperatures.
Effect of electrodeposition time on physical characteristics and antibacterial activity of copper-incorporated TiO2 nanotubes
Authors: Fabian Justynne , Morton Grant , Sharma Shubham , Duffy Brendan , Warren Susan
Published: January 2025

The physical properties of the copper-incorporated TiO2 nanotubes were related to their antibacterial activity.
DFT study of alkaline earth metals NaXH3 (X = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr) for hydrogen storage capacity
Authors: Tufail Danial , Ahmed Umair , Haleem Mazhar , Amin Bin , Shafiq Muhammad
Published: January 2025

We use DFT to investigate the structural, formation energy, hydrogen storage, electronics, thermoelectric and elastic properties of NaXH3 (X = Be, Mg, Ca, and Sr) hydrides as potential hydrogen storage materials.
Impact of aspect ratio and crystal size distribution of l-glutamic acid formed by cooling crystallization on drying characteristics
Authors: Lee Jong Beom , Kim Yu-Jin , Kim Kwang-Joo , Kim Geon-Hee , Lee Chanmin , Park Young Duk , An Jung-Chul , Yi Hyenoseok , Oh Kyeongseok , Park Joo-Il
Published: January 2025

Drying characteristics of LGA crystals in this study: crystals with a smaller aspect ratio and larger crystal diameter exhibited lower mother liquor contents and faster drying times.
Stabilization of small organic molecules on V2C and V2CO2 MXenes: first-principles insights into the performance of van der Waals functionals and the effect of oxygen vacancies
Authors: Nguyen-Minh Le Thong , Le Minh Pham Thong , Phan Thang Bach , Kawazoe Yoshiyuki
Published: January 2025

Multiple phases of V2CTx show high selectivities and affinities towards small organic molecules, i.e., CH4, CO2, and H2O. Controlling the present contents of terminal groups is the key to the separation applications.
BT-DNBS: a novel cyanine-based turn-on fluorescent probe with large Stokes shift for sensitive and selective detection of biothiols in live-cell imaging
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Fujioka Yoichiro , Ohba Yusuke , Yamada Koji
Published: January 2025

BT-DNBS, a cyanine-based turn-on probe, features a large Stokes shift and low LOD for biothiol detection. Its fluorescence activation by biothiols allows sensitive imaging of thiol dynamics, with potential applications in biology and diagnostics.
Optimization of operating conditions for the catalytic alcoholysis of waste PET for the synthesis of BHET by sunflower seed husk matrix materials
Authors: Zhao Linlin , Shen Guoliang , Wen Ruiyang , Xu Tiejun , Jiang Sijin , Wang Xiaocui , Wang Haichen
Published: January 2025

A biomass-based catalyst (SMS-750) was prepared from waste sunflower seed husk to catalyze the alcoholysis of waste PET to obtain a high value-added product (BHET).
Preparation of a lanthanum-modified flocculant and its removal performance towards phosphorus and fluoride in yellow phosphorus wastewater
Authors: Li Boxuan , Wen Shaoxin , Li Jiacheng , He Dedong , Luo Yongming , Zheng Xiangqian , Chen Dingkai
Published: January 2025

Polysilicate-ferric-calcium-lanthanum (PSFCL) was synthesized through a co-polymerization method in order to treat the yellow phosphorus wastewater.
Dynamic control of self-assembly of quasicrystalline structures through reinforcement learning
Authors: Lieu Uyen Tu , Yoshinaga Natsuhiko
Published: January 2025

Reinforcement learning is used to estimate control strategies for temperature regulation in dynamic self-assembly processes to generate quasicrystalline structures.
Multiscale characterization, modeling and simulation of packed bed reactor for direct conversion of syngas to dimethyl ether
Authors: George Ginu R. , Yonge Adam , Crowley Meagan F. , To Anh T. , Ciesielski Peter N. , Karakaya Canan
Published: January 2025

A multiscale computational approach to examine direct DME synthesis in a packed bed reactor composed of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3 catalysts.
Enhanced piezo-phototronic effect in carbon nitride nanosheets via oxidative exfoliation for high-efficiency piezo-photocatalysis
Authors: Yan Xinyue , Zhu Jiandong , Liu Yonghui , Liu Yazi , He Huan , Xu Chenmin , Yang Shaogui , Ji Qiuyi , Wang Kai , Liu Shaomin
Published: January 2025

The obtained E500-CN serves dual functions in piezo-photocatalysis by providing effective piezoelectric responses and reduced charge carrier recombination, benefiting from the shortened diffusion pathway and the synergistic piezo-phototronic effect.
Correction: H2O assisted in improving the electrochemical performance of a deep eutectic electrolyte formed by choline chloride and magnesium chloride hexahydrate
Authors: Zou Kaixiang , Wang Xiao , Deng Yuanfu
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘H2O assisted in improving the electrochemical performance of a deep eutectic electrolyte formed by choline chloride and magnesium chloride hexahydrate’ by Kaixiang Zou et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12, 33257–33267, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TA05504G.
The effect of microenvironmental viscosity on the emergence of colon cancer cell resistance to doxorubicin
Authors: Zeng Tianjiao , Lu Chengyu , Wang Man , Chen Huajian , Yoshitomi Toru , Kawazoe Naoki , Yang Yingnan , Chen Guoping
Published: January 2025

Microenvironmental viscosity enhanced doxorubicin resistance of colon cancer cells.
Native proteins for triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Huang Yuxuan , Zheng Haiyan , Zhang Jianquan , Shen Yue , Xu Xinrong
Published: January 2025

The types, morphologies, applications and prospects of NP-TENGs were comprehensively and timely introduced and analyzed.
Ultrafast carrier and coherent phonon dynamics in van der Waals ferromagnet CrI3
Authors: Gou Chunyang , Zhang Junyuan , Mi Yang , Luo S. N.
Published: January 2025

We investigate the dynamics of carriers and coherent phonons in CrI3. The relaxation of phonon A11g undergoes a sudden change at 60 and 220 K, which is attributed to the weakening of spin–phonon coupling and increased vacancy concentrations.
Bend, don't break: exploring the mechanochromic, AIE and nonlinear optical properties of carbazole–thiobarbituric acid hybrids
Authors: Rasheed Meema , Lakshmi R. , O.C. Parvathy , P.P. Shandev , Gopinath Pramod , Manoj Narayanapillai
Published: January 2025

Multifunctional organic NLOphores are being developed to expand the market potential of organic NLO materials by combining NLO properties with other desirable functionalities.
In situ synthesis of VO2@C nanocomposites for enhanced visible-light photocatalysis in wastewater remediation and sustainable hydrogen generation
Authors: Padwal Yogita , Chauhan Ratna , Chaudhary Indra Jeet , Late Dattatray J. , Ashokkumar Muthupandian , Gosavi Suresh
Published: January 2025

Hydrothermally synthesized VC-5 nanocomposites are efficient photocatalysts for dye degradation and hydrogen generation under sunlight. VC-5 degrades 25 ppm dye in min. and achieves 2545.24 μmol h−1 g−1 H2 evolution from water without noble metals.
Hybrid spatial and channel attention in post‐accident object detection
Authors: Kim Junyoung , Lee Soomok
Published: January 2025

Analysing post‐accident scenes using in‐vehicle cameras is crucial for effective highway traffic control and enhancing accident response, road safety, and traffic flow. This contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the situation and achieves better decision‐making and effective management. The accident scene report system is designed to focus on specific post‐accident objects, such as crashed vehicles, involved individuals, emergency vehicles, and debris. This means that the post‐accident object detection algorithm needs to handle a wide variety of objects, from large collapsed vehicles to tiny particles. It should operate in real‐time on embedded boards, balancing detection accuracy and compactness to fit within the constraints of embedded computing modules. This approach aims to facilitate prompt reporting to traffic control centres. In this study, a hybrid spatial and channel attention and its pruning algorithm tailored for object detection in post‐accident scenarios are proposed. This approach markedly enhances the detection performance in the unexpected accidents and malfunctioning scenes, significantly boosting the system's accuracy and processing speed. The method optimally balances the model compactness with seamless attention and pruning, making it highly suitable for real‐time applications in traffic monitoring systems. The proposed seamless attention and pruning method is demonstrated using the proposed accident object detection dataset.
MusE GAs FLOw and Wind (MEGAFLOW)
Authors: Bouché Nicolas F. , Wendt Martin , Zabl Johannes , Cherrey Maxime , Schroetter Ilane , Langan Ivanna , Muzahid Sowgat , Schaye Joop , Epinat Benoît , Wisotzki Lutz , Contini Thierry , Richard Johan , Bacon Roland , Weilbacher Peter M.
Published: January 2025

We present the design, rationale, properties, and catalogues of the MusE Gas FLOw and Wind survey (MEGAFLOW) of cool gaseous halos of z ≃ 1.0 galaxies, using low-ionisation Mg II absorption systems. The survey consists of 22 quasar fields selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), including multiple (≥3) strong Mg II absorption lines over the redshift range of 0.3 < z < 1.5. Each quasar was observed with the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) and the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES), for a total of 85 hours and 63 hours, respectively. The UVES data resulted in 127 Mg II absorption lines over 0.25 < z < 1.6, with a median rest-frame equivalent width (REW) 3σ limit of ≈0.05 Å. The MUSE data resulted in ∼2400 galaxies, of which 1403 are characterised by a redshift confidence of ZCONF >  1; this amounts to more than 60 galaxies per arcmin2. They were identified using a dual detection algorithm based on both continuum and emission line objects. The achieved [O II] 50% completeness is 3.7−0.6+0.8 × 10−18 erg s−1 cm−2 (corresponding to an SFR of > 0.01 M⊙ yr−1 at z = 1) using realistic mock [O II] emitters and the 50% completeness is mF775W ≈ 26 AB magnitudes for continuum sources. We find that (i) the fraction of [O II] emitting galaxies that have no continuum is ∼15%; (ii) the success rate in identifying at least one galaxy within 500 km s−1 and 100 kpc is ≈90% for Mg II absorptions with Wr2796 ≳ 0.5 Å; (iii) the mean number of galaxies per Mg II absorption is 2.9 ± 1.6 within the MUSE field-of-view; (iv) of the 80 Mg II systems at 0.3 < z < 1.5, 40 (20) have 1 (2) galaxies within 100 kpc, respectively; and, finally, (v) all but two host galaxies have stellar masses of M⋆ > 109 M⊙ and star formation rates of > 1 M⊙ yr−1.
Gedanken zur Behandlung von Cochlea-Implantat-Trägern
Authors: Huss Simone
Published: January 2025

Die Entscheidung für ein Cochlea-Implantat fällt in Abhängigkeit des Ausmaßes der
Hörminderung und nach eingehender Beratung und Diagnostik. In jedem Fall kann
man bezüglich der osteopathischen Gedanken von einer strukturellen Veränderung
(Hörminderung) als Ursache der individuellen Symptomatik von
Cochlea-Implantat-Trägern ausgehen. Dies macht eine regelmäßige osteopathische
Behandlung zur Unterstützung des gesamten Systems und der Förderung der
Autoregulation notwendig.
Peripartum and Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women with Elevated Preconceptional Body Mass Index in a Maternity Hospital (Care Level IV)
Authors: Dammer Ulf , Gall Christine , Pretscher Jutta , Schneider Michael O. , Faschingbauer Florian , Loehberg Christian R. , Beckmann Matthias W. , Kehl Sven
Published: January 2025

Preconception obesity is a risk factor for pregnancy and delivery, which is why giving birth in a perinatal center (care levels I and II) is recommended. There are currently no studies which have investigated the birth outcomes of obese patients based on the care level of the maternity hospital. This study aims to assess the effect of a higher body mass index prior to conception on maternal and fetal outcomes in a maternity hospital (care level IV).

A total of 5616 pregnant women who gave birth between 2016 and 2023 were investigated in this retrospective cohort study, after taking the inclusion and exclusion criteria into account. Primary outcome parameter of this study was the transfer of the neonate to a neonatal intensive care unit. Other target parameters were the need to induce labor, delivery mode, Apgar score and pH value, and the incidence of complications (shoulder dystocia, higher-degree perineal tears, or peripartum hemorrhage).

Overweight and obesity were associated with a higher rate of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes and were accompanied by higher rates of induction of labor and elective and secondary caesarean sections. Maternal outcome parameters such as intrapartum fever, preterm placental abruption, uterine rupture, higher-degree birth injuries and peripartum hemorrhage did not occur significantly more often in obese pregnant women. Fetal outcome parameters such as Apgar score and pH value did not differ from those reported for normal-weight pregnant women. Multivariate regression analysis showed a high risk of transfer to a neonatal intensive care unit (OR = 1.97; p = 0.035) for neonates born to women in obesity class II (BMI 35–39.9 kg/m2), women with gestational diabetes (OR = 1.71; p = 0.033), and nulliparous women (OR = 1.59; p = 0.005).

Obesity class II is associated with a slightly higher risk of transfer of the neonate to a pediatric intensive care unit but is not associated with worse Apgar scores or pH values. Pregnant women with a body mass index between 35 and 40 kg/m2 should be informed of this and should consider giving birth in a facility with a neonatal department (care level I–III).
Synthesis of Monofluoroalkene-Based Dipeptide Bioisosteres via Regioselective Ring Opening of 1,1-Difluorocyclopropanes
Authors: Fuchibe Kohei , Mitsumori Masashi , Ishikawa Kai , Ichikawa Junji
Published: January 2025

Monofluoroalkene-based dipeptide bioisosteres were synthesized via (I) difluorocyclopropane ring opening and (II) SN2′-type defluorination. (2,2-Difluorocyclopropyl)methyl acetates were treated with acetonitrile in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (triflic acid, TfOH). Elimination of acetic acid resulted in regioselective cleavage of the C–C bond distal to the CF2 moiety (ring opening), and then a Ritter-type N-terminal introduction afforded N-(2,2-difluorohomoallyl)acetamides. The obtained difluoroacetamides underwent allylic substitution of bromine for fluorine in an AlBr3/CuBr system to generate 3-fluoroallylic bromides, whose substitution with n-Bu4NCN facilitated C-terminal introduction. Conversion of the cyano group into a carbamoyl group afforded the desired monofluoroalkene-based dipeptide bioisosteres.
Complete Mesocolic Excision for Colon Cancer: The New Standard of Care?
Authors: Rawat Saumitra , Aggarwal Shyam , Parikh Purvish , Chaudhary Adarsh , Kumar Manish , Sharma Mohit , Sahni Peush , Ardhanari Ramesh , Pradeep R. , Yadav Amitabh , John Suviraj , Selvasekar C. R.
Published: January 2025

Complete mesocolic excision (CME) for colorectal cancer builds on the success of total mesorectal excision (TME), the international gold standard for rectal cancer. In TME, removal of the primary tumor along with associated mesocolon and accompanying structures as single intact specimen allows in toto excision of all structures that could potentially lead to dissemination. Recent meta-analysis has confirmed that CME results in better disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates. CME can be done in three ways—open, laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted. We conducted a survey to identify the real-world situation with the use of CME by surgical oncologists. A total of 116 responders shared their experiences and thoughts. The benefit of CME was primarily thought to be for both OS and DFS by 78/116 (67%). The majority of CMEs are being conducted by the open method (74/116; 64%). A total of 52/116 (45%) were of the opinion that 6 to 10 surgeries constitute the learning curve for new surgeons for this technique. Based on our survey results, as well as two recently published systematic reviews and meta-analysis, it is time to consider CME as one of the standards of care in colorectal surgery.
Development of a 300 kV/3 kHz nanosecond pulse generator using semiconductor opening switches
Authors: Chen Yu-hao , Yang Jie , Xie Yan-Zhao
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we present the development of a nanosecond pulse generator utilizing semiconductor opening switches (SOS), designed to deliver high voltage and operate at a high repetitive frequency. The pulse generator comprises three main components: a primary charging unit, a magnetic pulse compression unit, and an SOS magnification unit. To ensure stable operation of the high-power charging unit at high repetitive frequencies, a rectifying resonant charging and energy recovery circuit are implemented, providing a 1 kV charging voltage at a 3 kHz repetition rate. The three-stage magnetic pulse compression is designed to reduce the pulse width from tens of microseconds to tens of nanoseconds, where self-demagnetization could be completed during repetitive frequency operation. To achieve an output voltage of 300 kV, multiple SOS switches are employed in a series. The developed pulse generator achieves a final output of 300 kV with a 3 kHz repetitive frequency under a load of 2 kΩ. Furthermore, the effects of multiple factors on the output performance are characterized by both simulation and measurement for a comprehensive analysis.
Augmentation of piezoelectric thin-film flapping velocimetry turbulence strength detection via machine learning
Authors: Lee Ted Sian , Ooi Ean Hin , Chang Wei Sea , Foo Ji Jinn
Published: January 2025

Qualitatively evaluating the fundamental mechanical characteristics of square-fractal-grid (SFG)-generated turbulent flow using piezoelectric thin-film flapping velocimetry (PTFV) is rather time-consuming. More importantly, its sensitivity in detecting high-frequency, fine-scale turbulent fluctuations is constrained by high-speed camera specifications. To reduce dependency on high-speed imaging in future PTFV implementations, regression models are trained with supervised machine learning to determine the correlation between piezoelectric-generated voltage V and the corresponding local equivalent flow velocity fluctuation. Using V and thin-film tip deflection δ data as predictors and responses, respectively, Trilayered Neural Network (TNN) emerges as the best-performing model compared to linear regression, regression trees, support vector machines, Gaussian process regression, and ensembles of trees. TNN models trained on data from the (i) lower quarter, (ii) bottom left corner, and (iii) central opening of the SFG-grid provide accurate predictions of insert-induced centerline streamwise and cross-sectional equivalent lateral turbulence intensity and root mean square-δ, with average errors not exceeding 5%. The output predicted from the V response, which considers small-scale turbulence fluctuations across the entire thin-film surface, better expresses the equivalent lateral integral length scale (38% smaller) and turbulence forcing (270% greater), particularly at the bottom left corner of SFG where small-scale eddies are significant. Furthermore, the TNN model effectively captures the occasional extensive excitation forces from large-scale turbulent eddies, resulting in a more balanced force distribution. In short, this study paves the path for comprehensive and expedited flow dynamics characterization and turbulence forcing detection via PTFV, with potential deployment in high Reynolds number flows generated by various grid configurations.
An efficiency improvement method for high-voltage nanosecond pulse spiral generator based on optimized voltage wave propagation process
Authors: Zhao Zheng , Gao Qiuyu , Wen Jiahao , Zhang Haowei , Hao Yida , Zhang Ruimin , Fan Shengfang , Huang Qiang , Li Jiangtao
Published: January 2025

The spiral generator, based on the principle of the electric field vector inversion, is capable of delivering repetitive high-voltage nanosecond pulses in the commercial portable pulsed x-ray source and gas switch trigger source. However, the spiral generator suffers from extremely low output efficiency, which significantly affects the compactness and accelerates the insulation film breakdown at electrode foil edges since the high charging voltage is required. A novel output efficiency improvement method for the spiral generator was proposed, implementing the permalloy film inside the passive layer to optimize internal voltage wave propagation processes during the pulser erection. Output characteristics and influential factors of the modified spiral generator are experimentally determined, and the wave propagation processes are analyzed. The significant output efficiency improvement (approximately from 10% to 30% combined with ferrite cores at the center) is seminal for the portable x-ray source and gas switch trigger source of compactness and long operation lifetime.
Heat transfer enhancement in magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection around a near-wall cylinder in a duct
Authors: Bao Xing-Yu , Wang Jie , Xu Zheng-Xiang , Chen Lei , Liu Song-Lin , Zhang Nian-Mei
Published: January 2025

The flow of liquid metals around a near-wall cylinder and the enhancement of heat transfer in a duct under a magnetic field and high heat flux are investigated in this work using numerical simulations. The analysis of the heat transfer mechanism reveals three categories of dominant factors affecting mixed convection: vortex shedding, thermal buoyancy, and their coupled effects. A strong magnetic field can suppress flow instability, leading to three types of flow patterns: non-vortex shedding mode, regime I, and regime II. The position of the cylinder relative to the hot wall nonlinearly influences heat transfer efficiency and the global Nusselt number. When the cylinder is positioned closer to the hot wall, the distribution of the vortex to the wall shear layer effectively enhances heat exchange between the thermal boundary layer and the core flow region. Excessive proximity of the cylinder to the hot wall causes vortex asymmetry, which results in reverse Kármán vortex street formation and decreases heat transfer capability. An equation is provided to describe how cylinder position variations affect the thermal boundary layer thickness.
Numerical study on the time-harmonic gust response of a vertical axis wind turbine
Authors: Yu Hao , Shao Mingyu , Jiang Hanbo
Published: January 2025

This work investigates the interactions between time-harmonic gusts and a H-Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) using computational fluid dynamics. The motivation is to characterize the aerodynamic behavior of VAWTs in gusty urban environments. A systematic study on the gust response in torque, power output, and aerodynamic behaviors of the VAWT is conducted. Results show that gusts significantly impact VAWT performance by altering flow field perturbations and the blade angle of attack. Variations in gust amplitude and frequency lead to changes in aerodynamic efficiency and structural loads. When the gust amplitude reaches 55.6% of the steady wind, instantaneous torque fluctuations increase by approximately 20%, while the average power increased by no more than 2%. However, when the gust generation frequency is below the rotational frequency of the VAWT, it causes an angular shift in the instantaneous power peak and reduces power output by 2.5%. Finally, the instantaneous power coefficient of the blade in a asymmetric oblique gust reaches 0.79, contributing an additional 4% to the VAWT's power output.
Turbulent structure at a 30° confluence of pipes in a sewer system
Authors: Liu Sifu , Chen Shanshan , Li Zhiwei , Sun Bin , Zhang Li , Wang Feifei
Published: January 2025

Pipe confluence frequently occur within urban drainage network systems, where domestic and industrial wastewater discharge introduces sediments and pollutants. This deposition within the confluence area significantly impacts the operational efficiency of the drainage network. This study analyzes the mean and turbulent structures within the shear layer, focusing on parameters such as the mean flow field, turbulent kinetic energy, Reynolds shear stress (τuv, τuw), and quadrant analysis. The findings indicate that shear layer position is best identified by τuv and τuw values. In addition, the spiral flow occurs only at larger main and tributary inlet flows or when the discharge ratio is relatively large and disappears gradually as it progresses downstream. Meanwhile, the shear layer exhibits the highest proportion of ejection and sweep in the vicinity of the bed surface, with ejection dominating, which positively affects sediment initiation. As a result, sediment and pollutants are less likely to accumulate in this area. With the increase in flow or discharge ratio, the parameters such as velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, Reynolds shear stress, and Reynolds stress contribution value increase. Consequently, this study provides a deeper understanding of the flow structure and turbulence in the confluence zone, offering a reference for sediment reduction in confluence pipes.
The experimental and simulation research of droplet formation larger than 1.0 mm by the disturbance of electromagnetic diaphragm and the driving of micro-injection pump
Authors: Zhang Qimei , Tongju Wang , Zhang Wenqian , Lei Yongping
Published: January 2025

Continuous inkjet (CIJ) technology generates uniform droplets by introducing disturbances into the jet-column. When producing uniform droplets larger than 1.0 mm in diameter using CIJ, liquid naturally flows from nozzles with larger diameters, complicating the synchronization of the liquid flow rate with the disturbance frequency. This study proposes generating disturbances via an electromagnetic diaphragm and controlling the liquid flow rate using a micro-injection pump. An experimental platform for uniform droplet formation, incorporating electromagnetic diaphragm disturbances and micro-injection pump control, was designed and constructed. The platform successfully produced uniform droplets exceeding 1.0 mm in diameter. The jet-column breakup was classified into three types: non-uniform droplet formation, uniform droplets with satellite droplets, and purely uniform droplets. Uniform droplets ranging from 1.65 to 2.42 mm in diameter were obtained with nozzle diameters between 1.0 and 1.4 mm. The effects of nozzle diameter, liquid flow rate, and disturbance frequency on jet-column breakup modes were systematically investigated. Static structure and fluid simulation software were employed to model diaphragm deformation and the jet-column breakup process. By simulating the deformation of the rubber diaphragm, disturbance values for the jet-column were determined under current amplitudes of 10–30 A, enabling the simulation of droplet formation. The simulation results showed strong agreement with the experimental findings under corresponding conditions.
Nonlinear dynamics and flow behavior of vortex-induced vibration of a grooved circular cylinder
Authors: Yang Shuguang , Huang Dongmei , Min Guangyun , Wang Yue , Huang Yunfa
Published: January 2025

This work employs a hybrid simulation model of a three-dimensional flow field, two-degrees-of-freedom(2DOF) coupled large mass ratio grooved cylinder to analyze the nonlinear characteristics of coupled vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs), and the flow field structure under the condition of locked wind velocity. Wind tunnel tests were conducted to obtain VIV responses in both cross-flow and in-flow directions for cylinders with different groove profiles. First, numerical techniques were used to analyze the 2DOF VIV responses. The results show that the cross-flow response is dominated by the fundamental frequency, while the in-flow response exhibits multiple frequency components, with the higher harmonics predominating. This leads to rich nonlinear dynamic behaviors in the motion trajectories of the grooved cylinder. Next, we utilized the fast Fourier transform in conjunction with variational mode decomposition to analyze the multiple harmonic components. Our findings revealed nonplanar/planar resonance effects between the in-flow response and the cross-flow response. In addition, this work presents a novel VIV model (double-forced self-excited oscillator model) for identifying coupled VIV responses. Using a hybrid simulation, the transient flow lines around the grooved cylinder were analyzed, indicating that the wake of the smooth cylinder displayed more symmetric vortices both in the spanwise and cross-flow directions. In contrast, the wake of the grooved cylinder showed a significant reduction or even complete disappearance of vortices, leading to a marked decrease in symmetry. This work of the nonlinear behavior and flow field structure of coupled VIV in grooved cylinders, offering valuable insights for both practical engineering applications and academic research.
Evaluating a simulation-based wildfire burn probability map for the conterminous US
Authors: Carlson Amanda R. , Hawbaker Todd J. , Bair Lucas S. , Hoffman Chad M. , Meldrum James R. , Baggett L. Scott , Steblein Paul F.
Published: January 2025

Background Wildfire simulation models are used to derive maps of burn probability (BP) based on fuels, weather, topography and ignition locations, and BP maps are key components of wildfire risk assessments. Aims Few studies have compared BP maps with real-world fires to evaluate their suitability for near-future risk assessment. Here, we evaluated a BP map for the conterminous US based on the large fire simulation model FSim. Methods We compared BP with observed wildfires from 2016 to 2022 across 128 regions representing similar fire regimes (‘pyromes’). We evaluated the distribution of burned areas across BP values, and compared burned area distributions among fire size classes. Key results Across all pyromes, mean BP was moderately correlated with observed burned area. An average of 71% of burned area occurred in higher-BP classes, vs 79% expected. BP underpredicted burned area in the Mountain West, especially for extremely large fires. Conclusions The FSim BP map was useful for estimating subsequent wildfire hazard, but may have underestimated burned areas where input data did not reflect recent climate change, vegetation change or human ignition patterns. Implications Our evaluations indicate that caution is needed when relying on simulation-based BP maps to inform management decisions. Our results also highlight potential opportunities to improve model estimates.