bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kabupaten Muna pada Masa Pemerintahan La Ode Saafi Amane, 1981-1986
Authors: Nabila Febya , Basri La Ode Ali , Syahrun Syahrun
Published: August 2024

This research examines the government of La Ode Saafi Amane in Muna Regency, 1981-1986. The objectives of this research are as follows: First, to explain the social, economic, and political conditions of Muna Regency during the reign of La Ode Saafu Amane. Second, to explain La Ode Saafi Amane's policy on implementing government in Muna Regency. This research uses a historical method with several stages: topic selection, heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The research results show that, first, in the social aspect, La Ode Saafi Amane has the vision to develop from the village by organizing communities in remote villages. In the economic aspect, La Ode Saafi Amane utilizes natural resources in Muna Regency, such as agricultural products. In contrast, in the political aspect, La Ode Saafi Amane has been known as an honest bureaucrat by the community, so during his reign as Regent of Muna, the situation was politically stable. Second, during his reign, La Ode Saafi Amane implemented various programs and developments, including a resettlement program, improving the quality of education by establishing several educational facilities and infrastructure, as well as improving supporting infrastructure such as roads.
Sejarah Orang Menui di Kota Kendari Tahun 1950-2022
Authors: Rian Muh , Mukadas Aswati , Hayari Hayari
Published: August 2024

Menui people began migrating to Kendari in 1950. This migration was caused by several push and pull factors. This research seeks to explain the history of the arrival of the Menui people in Kendari City from 1950-2022. This research uses a historical method which has several stages, namely; topic selection, heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The research results show that the main factor in their migration is education. The initial motive for migration is to continue education in stages according to ability. After completing their education, many of them decided to settle in Kendari City and get jobs, including as government employees, teachers, lecturers, TNI/POLRI, and politicians. The Menui community who live in Kendari can be found in several areas such as Sodoha, Kemaraya, Kadia, Anduonohu, and Anggoeya sub-districts.
Integrasi Sosial-Politik Hindia Belanda dengan Kerajaan Bungku
Authors: Sadi Haliadi , Fatma Fatma
Published: August 2024

This study aims to describe the socio-political integration that occurred between the Dutch East Indies and the Bungku Kingdom. The research method used in this study is historical research, in which the existing research refers to heuristic steps, source criticism, formulating facts, and presenting new thoughts as a process of analyzing data sources found during the research period. The results of this study indicate that the values of the colonial state system also left an impression and were integrated into the thoughts of local aristocratic political figures; it can be seen in the struggle of H. Husen during the transition from the Japanese occupation to Indonesia during the revolution. In his battle, H. Husen also joined the Red and White struggle group in the Poso area until the 1950s, when he was elected as a member of the Provisional DPRD of Central Sulawesi Province. In addition to H. Husen, representatives of the people in the DPRD-S at that time included J. Magido, Lumentut, Monoarfa, Sengka Marunduh from Mori, and H. Husin from Bungku. In addition, there are also Bungku figures who became local political actors after the Dutch East Indies colonial era or at the beginning of the formation of the new state of Indonesia, including Ngitung, Muin Pusadan, and Abdul Malik Syahadat.
Aktivitas Kemaritiman Masyarakat Menui di Desa Buranga 1960-2021
Authors: Nurfaida Nurfaida , Hamuni Hamuni , Hadara Ali , Wardani Ajeng Kusuma
Published: August 2024

This research aims to describe and analyze the maritime socio-economic activities and impacts of the Menui community in Buranga Village 1960-2021. The research was carried out using the historical method from Kuntowijoyo (2013:69-81), namely: (1) topic selection, (2) source heuristics, (3) source criticism, (4) source interpretation, and (5) historiography. The research results are divided into two parts of analysis. First, the maritime activities of the Menui community in Buranga Village throughout 1960-2021 show that there were active trade and shipping activities carried out by Bugis, Muna and Butonese traders from Maluku who stopped in coastal areas, thus influencing the trade and shipping of local communities. The majority of village people work as net fishermen, but also as cage makers and traders. Second, maritime activities during this period showed the following social, cultural and economic impacts: a). cultural impact; the community still adheres to oral traditions related to sailing activities, namely meumpanako, small talk, and maintaining the values of mutual cooperation, b). economic impact; The community utilizes marine resources as a livelihood by becoming fishermen whose results are obtained from fishing activities. c) Social impact; Menui people who carry out shipping and trade show beneficial economic impacts. This is characterized by the availability of livable houses, the use of better clothing, and the ability to buy goods from outside including motor vehicles, televisions, etc.
«ТАЙНЫЕ ЗНАНИЯ» ДМИТРИЯ ИВАНОВИЧА МЕНДЕЛЕЕВА
Authors: Даренский Виталий Юрьевич
Published: August 2024

В статье рассматривается религиозное мировоззрение Д. И. Менделеева, «заслоненное» его гениальными открытиями. Анализируются его философские взгляды на природу и на сущность человеческого познания. Показано, что в основе всех открытий и гениальных научных предвидений Д. И. Менделеева лежало его сознательное православное мировоззрение и убежденность в реальности не только лишь материального, но и духовного мира. Именно это «тайное» знание давало ему возможность понимать всеединство тварного бытия и его связь с Творцом. Особое внимание уделено его теории «эфира» и «троичности» бытия.
The article examines the religious worldview of D. I. Mendeleev, «obscured» by his brilliant discoveries. His philosophical views on the nature and essence of human cognition are analyzed. It is shown that the basis of all the discoveries and brilliant scientific predictions of D. I. Mendeleev was his conscious Orthodox worldview and conviction in the reality of not only the material, but also the spiritual world. It was this «secret» knowledge that gave him the opportunity to understand the unity of the created being and its connection with the Creator. Special attention is paid to his theory of the «ether» and the «trinity» of being.
«ЖИТЕЛЬ ВЫШЕНСКОЙ ПУСТЫНИ» ИГУМЕН ТИХОН (ЦИПЛЯКОВСКИЙ) КАК СОСТАВИТЕЛЬ АСКЕТИЧЕСКОГО СБОРНИКА О «СУЩНОСТИ ЖИТИЯ ИНОЧЕСКОГО»
Authors: Каширина Варвара Викторовна
Published: August 2024

Игумен Тихон (Ципляковский, 1839–1896) – современник святителя Феофана Затворника, автор церковно-исторических, гомилетических и аскетических сочинений. Сборник «Едино на потребу» обращен прежде всего к монашествующим. По составу это сборник выписок из святоотеческой литературы, традиционная форма иноческой литературной деятельности, восходящая к первым векам христианства и переживавшая свой новый расцвет в XIX в. Одной из основных задач исследования стала атрибуция источников изречений в сборнике, что позволило показать влияние сочинений святителя Феофана на современную ему духовную словесность. В ходе изучения были атрибутированы все цитаты, что позволило определить основную особенность сборника – использование в качестве основных источников творений святителя Феофана Затворника. Общее число цитат из сочинений святителя составляет 12, из них 7 из «Добротолюбия», что показывает, что труды святителя Феофана, вписанные в святоотеческую традицию, являлись авторитетными для его современников.
Abbot Tikhon (Tsiplyakovsky, 1839–1896), contemporary of St. Theophan the Recluse, author of ecclesiastical-historical, homiletic and ascetic writings. The collection «One for Need» is addressed primarily to the monastics. In terms of composition, this is a collection of extracts from patristic literature, a traditional form of monastic literary activity dating back to the first centuries of Christianity and experiencing its new heyday in the 19th century. One of the main tasks of the study was the attribution of the sources of sayings in the collection, which allowed us to show the influence of the writings of St. Theophan on contemporary spiritual literature. During the study, all quotations were attributed, which made it possible to determine the main feature of the collection – the use of the works of St. Theophan the Recluse as the main sources. The total number of quotations from the writings of the saint is 12, of which 7 are from the «Philokalia», which shows that the works of St. Theophan, inscribed in the patristic tradition, were authoritative for his contemporaries.
РУССКИЕ СУНДУЧНЫЕ ИЗДЕЛИЯ В ЦЕРКОВНОМ ОБИХОДЕ XV–XX ВЕКОВ
Authors: Пудов Глеб Александрович
Published: August 2024

Сундучные изделия (сундуки, ларцы, баулы, шкатулки, подголовники и проч.) со времен Средневековья были широко распространены в домах дворян, купцов и ремесленников, в храмах и монастырях. Как правило, они рассматривались как принадлежность светской культуры. Между тем очевидно, что, по крайней мере на раннем этапе истории, сундучные изделия неотделимы от церковного искусства и культуры. Цель настоящей статьи – определение значения сундучных изделий в контексте церковной истории XV–XX вв. В круг задач входят введение в научный оборот новой информации и анализ конкретных художественных произведений. Опорой исследования стали монастырские описи, работы отечественных авторов (Л. Л. Семенкова, Н. Н. Гончарова), а также художественные произведения – живописные полотна и графика. Сделан вывод, что сундучные изделия играли важную роль в культурной жизни и быту Православной Церкви. Они не только использовались в хозяйстве, но и были частью религиозных обрядов.
Since the Middle Ages, chests (trunks, small chests, bauls, caskets, chests called «podgolovnik», etc.) have been widely distributed in the homes of nobles, merchants and artisans, in temples and monasteries. As a rule, they were considered in the context of secular culture. Meanwhile, it is obvious that, at least at an early stage of history, chests are inseparable from church art and culture. The purpose of this paper is to determine the meaning of chests in the context of church history. The tasks include the introduction of new information into scientific circulation and the analysis of specific works of art. The sources of the research were monastic inventories, works by domestic authors (L. L. Semenkova, N. N. Goncharova), as well as works of art – paintings and graphics. It is concluded that chests have played an important role in the cultural life and everyday life of Orthodox church. They were not only used in the household, but were also part of religious rituals.
Methane biohydroxylation into methanol by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b: possible limitations and formate use during reaction
Authors: Baldo Héloïse , Ruiz-Valencia Azariel , Cornette de Saint Cyr Louis , Ramadier Guillaume , Petit Eddy , Belleville Marie-Pierre , Sanchez-Marcano José , Soussan Laurence
Published: August 2024

Methane (CH4) hydroxylation into methanol (MeOH) by methanotrophic bacteria is an attractive and sustainable approach to producing MeOH. The model strain Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b has been reported to be an efficient hydroxylating biocatalyst. Previous works have shown that regardless of the bioreactor design or operation mode, MeOH concentration reaches a threshold after a few hours, but there are no investigations into the reasons behind this phenomenon. The present work entails monitoring both MeOH and formate concentrations during CH4 hydroxylation, where neither a gaseous substrate nor nutrient shortage was evidenced. Under the assayed reaction conditions, bacterial stress was shown to occur, but methanol was not responsible for this. Formate addition was necessary to start MeOH production. Nuclear magnetic resonance analyses with 13C-formate proved that the formate was instrumental in regenerating NADH; formate was exhausted during the reaction, but increased quantities of formate were unable to prevent MeOH production stop. The formate mass balance showed that the formate-to-methanol yield was around 50%, suggesting a cell regulation phenomenon. Hence, this study presents the possible physiological causes that need to be investigated further. Finally, to the best of our knowledge, this study shows that the reaction can be achieved in the native bacterial culture (i.e., culture medium containing added methanol dehydrogenase inhibitors) by avoiding the centrifugation steps while limiting the hands-on time and water consumption.
Modulating antibody N-glycosylation through feed additives using a multi-tiered approach
Authors: Kranjc Jaka , Kramer Lovro , Mikelj Miha , Anderluh Marko , Pišlar Anja , Brinc Matjaž
Published: August 2024

Glycosylation of recombinant proteins is a post-translational modification that affects multiple physicochemical and biological properties of proteins. As such, it is a critical quality attribute that must be carefully controlled during protein production in the pharmaceutical industry. Glycosylation can be modulated by various conditions, including the composition of production media and feeds. In this study, the N-glycosylation-modulating effects of numerous compounds, including metal enzyme cofactors, enzyme inhibitors, and metabolic intermediates, were evaluated. Chinese hamster ovary cells producing three different IgG antibodies were cultivated in a fed-batch mode. First, a one-factor-at-a-time experiment was performed in 24-well deep well plates to identify the strongest modulators and appropriate concentration ranges. Then, a full response surface experiment was designed to gauge the effects and interactions of the 14 most effective hit compounds in an Ambr® 15 bioreactor system. A wide range of glycoform content was achieved, with an up to eight-fold increase in individual glycoforms compared to controls. The resulting model can be used to determine modulator combinations that will yield desired glycoforms in the final product.
Recent progress on smart lower prosthetic limbs: a comprehensive review on using EEG and fNIRS devices in rehabilitation
Authors: AlQahtani Nouf Jubran , Al-Naib Ibraheem , Althobaiti Murad
Published: August 2024

The global rise in lower limb amputation cases necessitates advancements in prosthetic limb technology to enhance the quality of life for affected patients. This review paper explores recent advancements in the integration of EEG and fNIRS modalities for smart lower prosthetic limbs for rehabilitation applications. The paper synthesizes current research progress, focusing on the synergy between brain-computer interfaces and neuroimaging technologies to enhance the functionality and user experience of lower limb prosthetics. The review discusses the potential of EEG and fNIRS in decoding neural signals, enabling more intuitive and responsive control of prosthetic devices. Additionally, the paper highlights the challenges, innovations, and prospects associated with the incorporation of these neurotechnologies in the field of rehabilitation. The insights provided in this review contribute to a deeper understanding of the evolving landscape of smart lower prosthetic limbs and pave the way for more effective and user-friendly solutions in the realm of neurorehabilitation.
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing promotes pathogen detection over culture in joint infections with previous antibiotic exposure
Authors: Gao Zongyan , Zheng Wendi , Zhang Meng , Gao Yanhua , Huang Jincheng , Chen Xiao , Dai Zhipeng , Song Zhenyu , Feng Jiawei , Cao Qianqian , Jin Yi
Published: August 2024

Objective

To investigate the diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in detecting pathogens from joint infection (JI) synovial fluid (SF) samples with previous antibiotic exposure.

Methods

From January 2019 to January 2022, 59 cases with suspected JI were enrolled. All cases had antibiotic exposure within 2 weeks before sample collection. mNGS and conventional culture were performed on SF samples. JI was diagnosed based on history and clinical symptoms in conjunction with MSIS criteria. The diagnostic values, including sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive values (PPV/NPV), and accuracy, were in comparison with mNGS and culture.

Results

There were 47 of the 59 cases diagnosed with JI, while the remaining 12 were diagnosed with non-infectious diseases. The sensitivity of mNGS was 68.1%, which was significantly higher than that of culture (25.5%, p<0.01). The accuracy of mNGS was significantly higher at 71.2% compared to the culture at 39.0% (p <0.01). Eleven pathogenic strains were detected by mNGS but not by microbiological culture, which included Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus cohnii, Finegoldia magna, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus saprophytics, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter pittii, Brucella ovis, andCoxiella burnetii. Antibiotic therapy was adjusted based on the mNGS results in 32 (68.1%) patients, including 12 (25.5%) and 20 (42.6%) patients, in whom treatment was upgraded and changed, respectively. All JI patients underwent surgery and received subsequent antibiotic therapy. They were followed up for an average of 23 months (20-27 months), and the success rate of treatment was 89.4%. Out of the 33 patients who had positive results for pathogens, reoperation was performed in 1 case (3.03%), while out of the 14 cases with negative results for both mNGS and cultures, reoperation was performed in 4 cases (28.6%).

Conclusions

mNGS has advantages over conventional culture in detecting pathogens in SF samples from JI patients previously treated with antibiotics, potentially improving clinical outcomes.
Trustworthy and reliable computing using untrusted and unreliable quantum hardware
Authors: Upadhyay Suryansh , Ghosh Swaroop
Published: August 2024

Security and reliability are primary concerns in any computing paradigm, including quantum computing. Currently, users can access quantum computers through a cloud-based platform where they can run their programs on a suite of quantum computers. As the quantum computing ecosystem grows in popularity and utility, it is reasonable to expect that more companies including untrusted/less-trusted/unreliable vendors will begin offering quantum computers as hardware-as-a-service at varied price/performance points. Since computing time on quantum hardware is expensive and the access queue could be long, the users will be motivated to use the cheaper and readily available but unreliable/less-trusted hardware. The less-trusted vendors can tamper with the results, providing a sub-optimal solution to the user. For applications such as, critical infrastructure optimization, the inferior solution may have significant socio-political implications. Since quantum computers cannot be simulated in classical computers, users have no way of verifying the computation outcome. In this paper, we address this challenge by modeling adversarial tampering and simulating it's impact on both pure quantum and hybrid quantum-classical workloads. To achieve trustworthy computing in a mixed environment of trusted and untrusted hardware, we propose an equitable distribution of total shots (i.e., repeated executions of quantum programs) across hardware options. On average, we note ≈ 30X and ≈ 1.5X improvement across the pure quantum workloads and a maximum improvement of ≈ 5X for hybrid-classical algorithm in the chosen quality metrics. We also propose an intelligent run adaptive shot distribution heuristic leveraging temporal variation in hardware quality to user's advantage, allowing them to identify tampered/untrustworthy hardware at runtime and allocate more number of shots to the reliable hardware, which results in a maximum improvement of ≈ 190X and ≈ 9X across the pure quantum workloads and an improvement of up to ≈ 2.5X for hybrid-classical algorithm.
A depleted mantle source for Neoproterozoic continental rifting in the Seve Nappe Complex, Kebnekaise region, northern Swedish Caledonides
Authors: Callegari Riccardo , Barker Abigail K. , Barnes Christopher J. , Walczak Katarzyna , Ziemniak Grzegorz , Klonowska Iwona , Kooijman Ellen , Rousku Sabine , Kośmińska Karolina , Majka Jarosław
Published: August 2024

The Central Iapetus Magmatic Province (CIMP) is a large igneous province (LIP) emplaced in the Baltican and Laurentian paleocontinents that marks the onset of the Caledonian Wilson Cycle. Paleozoic magmatism of the CIMP is preserved in both northeastern America and northern Europe. This study investigates rocks belonging to the hyper-extended margin of Baltica currently found in the Seve Nappe Complex of the Scandinavian Caledonides. Specifically, U-Pb zircon geochronology and whole-rock geochemistry are applied to a migmatitic variety of the Vierručohkka amphibolite of the Mårma Terrane, to the Aurek gabbro, and amphibolite of the Aurek Assemblage exposed in the Seve Nappe Complex in the Kebnekaise region, northern Swedish Caledonides. U-Pb zircon geochronology yields crystallization ages of 626 ± 7 Ma for the protolith of the Vierručohkka amphibolite, and 614 ± 2 Ma and 609 ± 1 Ma for the emplacement of the Aurek gabbro and amphibolite protolith, respectively. A younger age of 599 ± 3 Ma is recorded in the Vierručohkka amphibolite and is interpreted as the age of partial melting and migmatization. The geochemical signatures of the rocks demonstrate crustal assimilation during the emplacement of their protoliths and modification due to prograde metamorphic processes during Caledonian subduction. The Vierručohkka amphibolite and the Aurek Assemblage samples display upper and lower crustal assimilation, respectively. Trace elements (Dy, Sm, Lu, and Y) record the growth of metamorphic garnet, while elevated TiO2 contents record the crystallization of metamorphic rutile. Nevertheless, high field strength elements (HSFE) and ∆Nb suggest a depleted mantle source for the magmas of the protoliths of the investigated rocks. Altogether, geochemical data indicate that the igneous activity recorded in the Vierručohkka amphibolite and the Aurek Assemblage between c. 626–609 Ma is related to continental rifting processes associated with the opening of the Iapetus Ocean.
The single-cell transcriptome of mTECs and CD4+ thymocytes under adhesion revealed heterogeneity of mTECs and a network controlled by Aire and lncRNAs
Authors: Monteiro Cíntia J. , Duarte Max J. , Machado Mayara Cristina V. , Mascarenhas Romário S. , Palma Patrícia V. Bonini , García Henry D. Mogollón , Nakaya Helder I. , Cunha Thiago M. , Donadi Eduardo A. , Passos Geraldo A.
Published: August 2024

To further understand the impact of deficiency of the autoimmune regulator (Aire) gene during the adhesion of medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) to thymocytes, we sequenced single-cell libraries (scRNA-seq) obtained from Aire wild-type (WT) (Airewt/wt) or Aire-deficient (Airewt/mut) mTECs cocultured with WT single-positive (SP) CD4+ thymocytes. Although the libraries differed in their mRNA and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) profiles, indicating that mTECs were heterogeneous in terms of their transcriptome, UMAP clustering revealed that both mTEC lines expressed their specific markers, i.e., Epcam, Itgb4, Itga6, and Casp3 in resting mTECs and Ccna2, Pbk, and Birc5 in proliferative mTECs. Both cocultured SP CD4+ thymocytes remained in a homogeneous cluster expressing the Il7r and Ccr7 markers. Comparisons of the two types of cocultures revealed the differential expression of mRNAs that encode transcription factors (Zfpm2, Satb1, and Lef1), cell adhesion genes (Itgb1) in mTECs, and Themis in thymocytes, which is associated with the regulation of positive and negative selection. At the single-cell sequencing resolution, we observed that Aire acts on both Aire WT and Aire-deficient mTECs as an upstream controller of mRNAs, which encode transcription factors or adhesion proteins that, in turn, are posttranscriptionally controlled by lncRNAs, for example, Neat1, Malat1, Pvt1, and Dancr among others. Under Aire deficiency, mTECs dysregulate the expression of MHC-II, CD80, and CD326 (EPCAM) protein markers as well as metabolism and cell cycle-related mRNAs, which delay the cell cycle progression. Moreover, when adhered to mTECs, WT SP CD4+ or CD8+ thymocytes modulate the expression of cell activation proteins, including CD28 and CD152/CTLA4, and the expression of cellular metabolism mRNAs. These findings indicate a complex mechanism through which an imbalance in Aire expression can affect mTECs and thymocytes during adhesion.
Decitabine-based treatment strategy improved the outcome of HSCT in JMML: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Peng Zhiyong , Gao Jingyu , Huang Litao , He Yuelin , Tang Haoran , Zong Sa , Pei Yanru , Pei Fuyu , Ge Jing , Liu Xuan , Yue Li , Zhou Jun , Li Xia , Yue Dan , Chen Yun , Chen Chen , Wu Xuedong , Feng Xiaoqin , Li Chunfu
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Pre-HSCT disease control, suboptimal long-term prognosis, and a high recurrence incidence (RI) continue to pose significant challenges for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) patients.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study assessed the effectiveness of a decitabine (DAC)-based protocol in JMML patients undergoing HSCT. The pre-HSCT treatment includes initial and bridging treatment. The efficacy of DAC monotherapy versus DAC combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy(C-DAC) as initial treatment was compared, followed by DAC plus FLAG (fludarabine, cytarabine, and GCSF) as bridging treatment. The HSCT regimens were based on DAC, fludarabine, and busulfan. Post-HSCT, low-dose DAC was used as maintenance therapy. The study endpoints focused on pretransplantation simplified clinical response and post-HSCT survival.

Results

There were 109 patients, including 45 receiving DAC monotherapy and 64 undergoing C-DAC treatment. 106 patients completed bridging treatment. All patients were administered planned HSCT regimens and post-HSCT treatment. The initial treatment resulted in 88.1% of patients achieving clinical remission without a significant difference between the DAC and C-DAC groups (p=0.769). Clinical remission rates significantly improved following bridging treatment (p=0.019). The 5-year overall survival, leukemia-free survival, and RI were 92.2%, 88.4%, and 8.0%, respectively. A poor clinical response to pre-HSCT treatment emerged as a risk factor for OS (hazard ratio: 9.8, 95% CI: 2.3-41.1, p=0.002).

Conclusion

Implementing a DAC-based administration strategy throughout the pre-HSCT period, during HSCT regimens, and in post-HSCT maintenance significantly reduced relapse and improved survival in JMML patients. Both DAC monotherapy and the DAC plus FLAG protocol proved effective as pre-HSCT treatments.
Cytokines in gingivitis and periodontitis: from pathogenesis to therapeutic targets
Authors: Neurath Nicole , Kesting Marco
Published: August 2024

Chronic inflammatory processes in the oral mucosa and periodontitis are common disorders caused by microflora and microbial biofilms. These factors activate both the innate and adaptive immune systems, leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cytokines are known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of gingivitis and periodontitis and have been proposed as biomarkers for diagnosis and follow-up of these diseases. They can activate immune and stromal cells, leading to local inflammation and tissue damage. This damage can include destruction of the periodontal ligaments, gingiva, and alveolar bone. Studies have reported increased local levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23, in patients with periodontitis. In experimental models of periodontitis, TNF and the IL-23/IL-17 axis play a pivotal role in disease pathogenesis. Inactivation of these pro-inflammatory pathways through neutralizing antibodies, genetic engineering or IL-10 function has been demonstrated to reduce disease activity. This review discusses the role of cytokines in gingivitis and periodontitis, with particular emphasis on their role in mediating inflammation and tissue destruction. It also explores new therapeutic interventions that offer potential for research and clinical therapy in these chronic inflammatory diseases.
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhance active ingredient accumulation in medicinal plants at elevated CO2 and are associated with indigenous microbiome
Authors: Ng Charles Wang Wai , Yan Wen Hui , Xia Yi Teng , Tsim Karl Wah Keung , To Justin Chun Ting
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and elevated CO2 (eCO2) have demonstrated their individual potential to enhance plant yield and quality through close interaction with rhizosphere microorganisms and plant growth. However, the efficacy of PGPR under eCO2 on rhizosphere microbiome and, ultimately, plant yield and active ingredient accumulation are not yet fully understood.

Methods

This study investigated how the medicinal plant Pseudostellaria heterophylla (P. heterophylla) and its rhizosphere microbes respond to PGPR (Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens) at eCO2 (1,000 ppm).

Results and Discussion

It was found that the yield and active ingredient polysaccharides accumulation in the tuber of P. heterophylla were significantly increased by 38 and 253%, respectively. This promotion has been associated with increased root development and changes in the indigenous microbial community. Metagenomics analysis revealed a significant reduction in pathogenic Fusarium abundance in the rhizosphere. Potential biocontrol bacteria Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were enriched, especially the genera Bradyrhizobium and Rhodanobacter. The reshaping of the rhizosphere microbiome was accompanied by the upregulation of biological pathways related to metabolite biosynthesis in the rhizosphere. These modifications were related to the promotion of the growth and productivity of P. heterophylla. Our findings highlighted the significant role played by PGPR in medicinal plant yield and active ingredient accumulation when exposed to eCO2.
Functions of the UL51 protein during the herpesvirus life cycle
Authors: Liu Xiaolan , Wang Mingshu , Cheng Anchun , Yang Qiao , Tian Bin , Ou Xumin , Sun Di , He Yu , Wu Zhen , Zhao Xinxin , Wu Ying , Zhang Shaqiu , Huang Juan , Jia Renyong , Chen Shun , Liu Mafeng , Zhu Dekang
Published: August 2024

The herpesvirus UL51 protein is a multifunctional tegument protein involved in the regulation of multiple aspects of the viral life cycle. This article reviews the biological characteristics of the UL51 protein and its functions in herpesviruses, including participating in the maintenance of the viral assembly complex (cVAC) during viral assembly, affecting the production of mature viral particles and promoting primary and secondary envelopment, as well as its positive impact on viral cell-to-cell spread (CCS) through interactions with multiple viral proteins and its key role in the proliferation and pathogenicity of the virus in the later stage of infection. This paper discusses how the UL51 protein participates in the life cycle of herpesviruses and provides new ideas for further research on UL51 protein function.
Ursolic and oleanolic acids: two natural triterpenoids targeting antibacterial multidrug tolerance and biofilm formation
Authors: Spaggiari Chiara , Annunziato Giannamaria , Costantino Gabriele
Published: August 2024

Natural products have been used since ancient times to treat various ailments and have been recognized for many years as a source of therapeutic agents and structural diversity. Plant-derived products have thus served as dietary components but also to maintain a state of wellbeing and health by preventing different diseases both of inflammatory and infective nature. Pentacyclic triterpenoids, particularly ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA), are well-studied natural products endowed with complex biological profiles. In this mini-review, we summarized the most advanced results on extraction methodologies and antimicrobial activity of UA and OA, focusing on their potential role as antimicrobic adjuvants, bacterial biofilm inhibitors and related mechanisms of action. This offers a theoretical basis and inspiration for further studies on their bioactivity mechanism.
Global hotspots and research trends of radiation-induced skin injury: a bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2023
Authors: Hu Yungang , Yu Lu , Du Weili , Hu Xiaohua , Shen Yuming
Published: August 2024

Background

Radiation therapy has become an important treatment for many malignant tumours after surgery and for palliative tumour care. Although modern radiotherapy technology is constantly improving, radiation damage to normal tissues is often difficult to avoid, and radiation-induced skin injury (RSI) is a common complication, manifested as skin erythema, peeling, ulceration, and even bone and deep organ damage, seriously affect the quality of life for patients. Basic research and clinical trials related to RSI have achieved certain results, while no researchers have conducted comprehensive bibliometric studies.

Objective

A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of publications on RSI published between 2004 and 2023 was conducted to identify current hotspots and future directions in this area of study.

Methods

RSI-related publications published between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2023, were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database for analysis using VOSviewer and CiteSpace analytics.

Results

A total of 1009 publications on RSI from 2004 to 2023 were included in the WoSCC database. The United States had the highest productivity with 299 papers, accounting for 29.63% of the total production, followed by China with 193 papers (19.13%) and Japan with 111 papers (11.00%). In terms of research institutions and journals, the University of Toronto and Journal of Supportive Care in Cancer published the highest number of papers. Professor Edward Chow published the most articles, while Professor Shuyu Zhang was the most cited. The top ten most-cited papers focused on the pathogenesis, prevention, and management of RSI. Keyword co-occurrence analysis and the top 25 keywords with the strongest citation bursts suggest that current research focuses on the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment management of RSI.

Conclusion

This study conducted a systematic bibliometric analysis of RSI publications from 2004 to 2023; identified the trends in RSI publications, major research countries, major research institutions, major research journals, major research authors, and major research keywords; and revealed the future development direction and research hotspots of this field. This study provides a valuable reference for future RSI research.
DNA damage response-related ncRNAs as regulators of therapy resistance in cancer
Authors: Gao Ziru , Luan Xinchi , Wang Xuezhe , Han Tianyue , Li Xiaoyuan , Li Zeyang , Li Peifeng , Zhou Zhixia
Published: August 2024

The DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway is a complex signaling cascade that can sense DNA damage and trigger cellular responses to DNA damage to maintain genome stability and integrity. A typical hallmark of cancer is genomic instability or nonintegrity, which is closely related to the accumulation of DNA damage within cancer cells. The treatment principles of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for cancer are based on their cytotoxic effects on DNA damage, which are accompanied by severe and unnecessary side effects on normal tissues, including dysregulation of the DDR and induced therapeutic tolerance. As a driving factor for oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, noncoding RNA (ncRNA) have been shown to play an important role in cancer cell resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Recently, it has been found that ncRNA can regulate tumor treatment tolerance by altering the DDR induced by radiotherapy or chemotherapy in cancer cells, indicating that ncRNA are potential regulatory factors targeting the DDR to reverse tumor treatment tolerance. This review provides an overview of the basic information and functions of the DDR and ncRNAs in the tolerance or sensitivity of tumors to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. We focused on the impact of ncRNA (mainly microRNA [miRNA], long noncoding RNA [lncRNA], and circular RNA [circRNA]) on cancer treatment by regulating the DDR and the underlying molecular mechanisms of their effects. These findings provide a theoretical basis and new insights for tumor-targeted therapy and the development of novel drugs targeting the DDR or ncRNAs.
Simulated fire video collection for advancing understanding of human behavior in building fires
Authors: Bonny Justin W. , Hussain Zishanul , Russell Micah D. , Trouvé Arnaud , Milke James A.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The goal of the present research was to develop a video collection of simulated fires to investigate how people perceive growing building fires. In fire safety science, a critical factor to occupant responses to building fires is the pre-movement period, determined by how long it takes an individual to initiate taking protective action with an incipient fire. Key to studying the psychological processes that contribute to the duration of the pre-movement period is presenting human subjects with building fires. One approach used in previous research is to present videos of building fires to individuals via scenarios. The numerical simulations used to model fire dynamics can be used to render videos for these scenarios. However, such simulations have predominantly been used in fire protection engineering to design buildings and are relatively inaccessible to social scientists.

Method

The present study documents a collection of videos, based on numerical simulations, which can be used by researchers to study human behavior in fire. These videos display developing fires in different types of rooms, growing at different rates, different smoke thickness, among other characteristics. As part of a validation study, participants were presented with subsets of the video clips and were asked to rate the perceived risk posed by the simulated fire.

Results and discussion

We observed that ratings varied by the intensity and growth rate of the fires, smoke opacity, type of room, and where the viewpoint was located from the fire. These effects aligned with those observed in previous fire science research, providing evidence that the videos could elicit perceived risk using fire simulations. The present research indicates that future studies can utilize the video library of fire simulations to study human perceptions of developing building fires as situational factors are systematically manipulated.
Regional differences in the Association of Healthy Aging with the incidence of falls: an analysis based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2020
Authors: Li Xiang , Wei Chao , Hu Kejing , Sun Jie , Gao Xiang , Yang Jianhong
Published: August 2024

Background

Falls frequently occur among the older adult population. In this study, we examined the variations in fall incidence across different regions over time, focusing on the disparities between urban and rural areas among older adult Chinese individuals, Healthy aging is comprised of five dimensions: (1) absence of chronic diseases, (2) good physical functioning, (3) normal cognitive function, (4) active social participation, and (5) absence of depression. Additionally, we explored the relationship between healthy aging and the occurrence of falls in middle-aged and older adults. Falls are defined as events that occurred within the past two years.

Results

Among 9,918 participants, 33.8% lived in urban areas and 23.0% achieved healthy aging. In contrast, 66.2% resided in rural areas with 16.5% achieving healthy aging. In 2011, rural residents had a higher fall incidence rate (17% in rural vs. 13.5% in urban); by 2020, the fall rate remained higher in rural areas (19.5% in rural vs. 17.3% in urban). Unhealthy aging (HR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.00–1.16) were risk factors for falls. Subgroup analysis revealed that in rural areas, unhealthy aging increased the risk of falls. In urban areas, the increased risk of falls associated with unhealthy aging was not significant (Rural HR = 1.11, 95%CI:1.01–1.22; Urban HR = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.93–1.18).

Conclusion

Healthy aging may be more strongly associated with a lower risk of falls in rural areas, while this association might be less pronounced in urban areas due to different environmental and social factors. This highlights the need for environment-specific fall prevention strategies and targeted measures for the older adult.
Chronic pain after traumatic brain injury: a collaborative care approach
Authors: Curran Mary C. , Lucas Sylvia , Fann Jesse R. , Zumsteg Jennifer M. , Hoffman Jeanne M.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Chronic pain is common after traumatic brain injury (TBI), frequently limits daily activities, and is associated with negative outcomes such as decreased community participation. Despite the negative impact of chronic pain, few people with TBI receive effective treatment. This paper describes a collaborative care (CC) intervention, TBI Care, adapted specifically to treat chronic pain in people living with TBI, emphasizing expert clinician input, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques, and other non-pharmacological approaches for decreasing pain interference.

Methods

79 participants engaged in the CC intervention from two academic medical rehabilitation clinics with weekly assessments of pain intensity, interference, and medication use. Participant feedback on the intervention was gathered by interview with the care manager (CM) at the last treatment session and/or booster session. Provider feedback was gathered by a confidential survey post intervention.

Results

Ninety percent of participants received at least 11 of the target 12 sessions with a care manager (CM), the majority occurring over the phone. Participants endorsed an average of 7 pain locations. All participants received pain education, skills in self-monitoring, goal setting/behavioral activation and relaxation training. Pain interference scores (impact on activity and enjoyment), tracked weekly by the CM, significantly decreased across sessions. 89% of participants received recommendations for CBT skills, 65% received referrals for additional treatments targeting pain interference, and 43% received care coordination. 75% of participants reported 6 or more medications/supplements at both the first and last session, with changes recommended primarily for headache treatment. Feedback from participants and providers was positive.

Discussion

TBI Care, a novel patient-centered CC approach, was flexibly delivered, tailored to the needs of those living with TBI and chronic pain, with a high level of participant engagement, and satisfaction among participants and providers. This approach, prioritizing pain self-management strategies and other non-pharmacological approaches, along with optimizing pharmacological treatment, led to significant reductions in self-reported pain interference and intensity during the intervention. Using a CC model in TBI is feasible and successfully improved access to evidence-based treatments for chronic pain as well as outcomes for pain interference and intensity.

Clinical Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03523923.
Effects of silver diammine fluoride with/without potassium iodide on enamel and dentin carious lesions in primary teeth
Authors: Kaur M. , Anderson P. , Shahid S. , Davis G. R. , Mills D. , Wong F. S. L.
Published: August 2024

Aim

To assess the effects of SDF and SDF+KI treatment on enamel and dentin carious lesions in primary teeth using x-ray Microtomography (XMT) and back scattered scanning electron microscopy (BSE-SEM).

Methods

Artificial enamel caries of 3 caries free primary teeth were created by immersion of the samples in 50 ml demineralization solution for 72 h. Three other teeth with natural dentin caries were selected. Both groups were divided into 3 subgroups: EC–Enamel Control; ES–Enamel with SDF application; ESK–Enamel with SDF followed by KI application; DC–Dentin Control; DS–Dentin with SDF application; DSK–Dentin with SDF followed by KI application. Each tooth was imaged using XMT at 3 time points: (1) Pretreatment; (2) after immersion in remineralization solution for 120 h, with or without SDF or SDF+KI; (3) after subsequent immersion in demineralization solution for 72 h. The change of radiopacities of the lesions in these time points were assessed from the XMT images. After the XMT scans, all teeth were investigated microscopically using BSE-SEM.

Results

In EC, no change in linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) was observed after remineralization, but LAC reduction was observed after subsequent demineralization. For ES, thin layer of high LAC material was deposited on the enamel surface after remineralization, and further reduction of LAC was observed after demineralization. In ESK, the surface layer was lost after SDF+KI, and small reduction of LAC was observed after demineralization. In DC, no LAC change was observed after remineralization, but reduction of LAC was detected after demineralization. In DS, high LAC material was formed on the carious dentin surface and randomly inside the lesion. No further LAC change was found after demineralization. In DSK, thick layer of high LAC material was deposited on the carious surface and inside the dentinal tubules. No further LAC reduction was found after subsequent demineralization.

Conclusion

SDF and SDF+KI did not protect artificial enamel under acid attack even though Ag products were deposited in the porous enamel. However, SDF and SDF+KI shows protective properties against acid challenges and Ag products are deposited in carious dentin lesion without tubular structure randomly; and within dentinal tubules when these structures are retained.