bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classifying Proximity Soundings with Self-Organizing Maps toward Improving Supercell and Tornado Forecasting
Authors: Nowotarski Christopher J. , Jensen Anders A.
Published: March 2013

The self-organizing map (SOM) statistical technique is applied to vertical profiles of thermodynamic and kinematic parameters from a Rapid Update Cycle-2 (RUC-2) proximity sounding dataset with the goal of better distinguishing and predicting supercell and tornadic environments. An SOM is a topologically ordered mapping of input data onto a two-dimensional array of nodes that can be used to classify large datasets into meaningful clusters. The relative ability of SOMs derived from each parameter to separate soundings in a way that is useful in discriminating between storm type, location, and time of year is discussed. Sensitivity to SOM configuration is also explored. Simple skill scores are computed for each SOM to evaluate the relative potential of each variable for future development as a method of probabilistic forecasting. It is found that variance in SOM nodes is reduced compared to the overall dataset, indicating that this is a viable classification method. SOMs of profiles of wind-derived variables are more effective in discriminating between storm type than thermodynamic variables. The SOM method also identifies meteorological, geographic, and temporal regimes within the dataset. In general, conditional probabilities of storm-type occurrence generated using SOMs have higher skill when wind-derived variables are considered and when forecasting nonsupercell events. Storm-relative wind variables tend to have better skill than ground-relative wind variables when forecasting nonsupercells, whereas ground-relative variables become more important when forecasting tornadoes.
Diagnosing Santa Ana Winds in Southern California with Synoptic-Scale Analysis
Authors: Abatzoglou John T. , Barbero Renaud , Nauslar Nicholas J.
Published: March 2013

Santa Ana winds (SAW) are among the most notorious fire-weather conditions in the United States and are implicated in wildfire and wind hazards in Southern California. This study employs large-scale reanalysis data to diagnose SAW through synoptic-scale dynamic and thermodynamic factors using mean sea level pressure gradient and lower-tropospheric temperature advection, respectively. A two-parameter threshold model of these factors exhibits skill in identifying surface-based characteristics of SAW featuring strong offshore winds and extreme fire weather as viewed through the Fosberg fire weather index across Remote Automated Weather Stations in southwestern California. These results suggest that a strong northeastward gradient in mean sea level pressure aligned with strong cold-air advection in the lower troposphere provide a simple, yet effective, means of diagnosing SAW from synoptic-scale reanalysis. This objective method may be useful for medium- to extended-range forecasting when mesoscale model output may not be available, as well as being readily applied retrospectively to better understand connections between SAW and wildfires in Southern California.
Lamentations and Polemic: The Rejection/Reception History of Women’s Lament . . . and Syria
Authors: Lee Nancy C.
Published: March 2013

This essay examines the socio-political and spiritual importance of the Book of Lamentations and lament expressions in Hebraic and early Christian liturgies and public settings, especially with regard to women’s lyrical expressions and to Syrian traditions until late antiquity. Further, this study addresses the current crisis in Syria, locating Syrian women’s and men’s laments today, including those from Muslim background. These laments show both continuity with ancient lament traditions and creative lyrical innovations that speak to the Syrian people’s urgent, devastating situation and their united need for help and justice.
How They Decide
Authors: Major Marci L.
Published: March 2013

This study was designed to examine the decision-making process for keeping or cutting the music program in one selected public school district. Lekbery School District, in the Detroit suburb of Lekbery, Michigan, had not made extreme cuts to the music program in over 10 years, nor had it specifically targeted the music program when budgets cuts did occur. Qualitative data collected through interviews and documents indicated that Lekbery Schools District’s administrators had committed to offering a well-rounded education to all of their students and that music education played a large part in that education. For decision making regarding funding and support for music education, decision makers considered (a) their personal values and philosophies of music education, (b) the values and demands of the community, (c) the quality of teaching that Lekbery could afford and provide, (d) the aesthetic and utilitarian purposes of keeping music education in the curriculum, (e) the economic value that music added, and (f) how the program contributed to the overall image of the school district.
A review of tool–chip contact length models in machining and future direction for improvement
Authors: Fatima Anis , Mativenga Paul T
Published: March 2013

Tool–chip contact length can be a critical parameter in machining as it provides the path for heat flow from the secondary deformation zone into the tool. This is particularly critical in dry or high-speed machining, where elevated temperatures can activate wear mechanisms and hence reduce tool life. A number of analytical, dimensional analyses, empirical and statistical models have been used to predict contact length. However, more research is required to significantly raise the model accuracy in quantitative prediction and to elucidate the mechanisms that control contact length. In this study, cutting tests were performed at cutting speeds ranging from conventional to high cutting speed, and tool–chip contact length, chip thickness, sticking and sliding contact phenomena and cutting forces were characterised. Twenty-two contact length models reported in the literature were evaluated and benchmarked to experimental data. While dimensional analysis–based models have an improved quantitative predictive capability, they do not provide comprehensive insight into contact phenomenon. To this end, this work builds upon Tay et al.’s contact length model that has been benchmarked as promising in the literature. Parameters that influence the contact area, in particular, tool–chip sticking phenomenon, were characterised. Suggestions for improving contact length modelling are proposed.
Image processing and geometrical analysis for profile detection during pulsed gas metal arc welding
Authors: Romero Edward , Chapuis Julien , Bordreuil Cyril , Soulié Fabien , Fras Gilles
Published: March 2013

This article describes an image analysis algorithm used to detect profiles during arc welding processes. The new algorithm is an aggregation of image processing (segmentation, filtering), computational geometry (alpha shape) and graph theory (cycle detection). It allows to extract precise geometrical profile entities, whether open or closed contours, that could be used for the monitoring of the welding process. The algorithm is shown to be really efficient and could be used for real-time monitoring of gas metal arc welding process.
Clinically silent PML and prolonged immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a patient with multiple sclerosis treated with natalizumab
Authors: Blinkenberg Morten , Sellebjerg Finn , Leffers Anne-Mette , Madsen Camilla Gøbel , Sørensen Per Soelberg
Published: March 2013

We report the case of a woman with natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis (MS) and clinically silent progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) with an unusually long preclinical phase, followed by acute symptoms due to development of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Furthermore, the course of the IRIS was prolonged and continued to progress even five months after natalizumab treatment was ceased. This case shows that PML and IRIS can have a considerably variable course in natalizumab-treated MS patients and underlines the need for PML screening in JC virus antibody-positive patients in order to detect clinically silent cases.
ERCP Procedures in a Finnish Community Hospital: A Retrospective Analysis of 1207 Cases
Authors: Siiki A. , Tamminen A. , Tomminen T. , Kuusanmäki P.
Published: March 2013

Background and Aims

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a procedure with a risk of serious and life-threatening complications. The most common complications are pancreatitis, haemorrhage, perforation and cholangitis. The aim of this study was to determine indications, success rates and complications in a low-volume ERCP unit in Kanta-Häme Central Hospital (KHCH).

Material and Methods

Data on 1207 consecutive ERCPs performed in KHCH between 2002 and 2009 was collected retrospectively from patient histories. Complications were classified according to need for intervention and length of hospitalisation.

Results

Cannulation of the desired duct was successful in 89.2% of 825 ERCPs with no earlier sphincterotomy. Complete stone removal was achieved in 91.3% of procedures. Standard biliary sphincterotomy was performed in 73.8% and precut sphincterotomy in 12.0 % of cases. Cholangitis developed in 2.1%, bleeding in 1.9%, pancreatitis in 1.9%, perforation in 1.0% and cardio-pulmonary or miscellaneous complications in 4.2% of cases. The majority of complications could be managed conservatively. In procedures with no earlier sphincterotomy ERCP-related 30-day mortality was 0.2% (n = 2) and overall 30-day mortality was 3.3% (n = 27).

Conclusions

ERCP indications and success rates, as well as morbidity and mortality were comparable to those reported earlier. Although the success rate of cannulation and thereby ERCP procedures seem to be somewhat lower than in tertiary referral centres, ERCP procedures can be safely performed in a low-volume ERCP unit by concentrating procedures on a few experienced endoscopists. The success rates may be further improved with the latest cannulation techniques, used selectively in the last years of the study period.
Why Critical Limb Ischemia Criteria are Not Applicable to Diabetic Foot and What the Consequences are
Authors: Jörneskog G.
Published: March 2013

Neuropathy, peripheral arterial occlusive disease and microvascular disturbances are important factors contributing to foot problems in diabetic patients. In the diabetic foot with ischemia, the alterations in skin microvascular function are pronounced including severely reduced capillary circulation and abolished hyperaemic responses. These microvascular disturbances, which are superimposed on the already existing structural diabetic microangiopathy, are compatible with a state of “chronic capillary ischemia” and an increased shunting of blood through arteriovenous channels. This maldistribution of blood in skin microcirculation is not detected by measurement of peripheral blood pressure (systolic ankle blood pressure, systolic toe blood pressure). As indicated in several studies toe blood pressure is a poor predictor of local tissue perfusion, tissue survival and healing of chronic foot ulcers. Consequently, the disturbances in peripheral tissue perfusion of the diabetic foot may be underestimated leading to delayed vascular interventions and/or medical treatment. Thus, measurements of peripheral blood pressure, e.g. toe blood pressure, should be combined with investigations of local tissue perfusion in order to get an adequate estimation of peripheral tissue perfusion in diabetic patients. For this purpose local skin microcirculation can be investigated by transcutaneous oxygen tension of the forefoot. Also, due to these reasons, the threshold for revascularization should be lower in diabetic patients with foot ulcer.
Evaluation of the Effects of Homologous Platelet Gel on Healing Lower Extremity Wounds in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Shan Gui-Qiu , Zhang Ya-Ni , Ma Jing , Li Yan-Hui , Zuo Da-Ming , Qiu Jin-lang , Cheng Biao , Chen Zheng-Liang
Published: March 2013

The treatment of chronic diabetic wounds remains complicated, despite new insight into the cellular and molecular basis of wound healing and cutaneous regeneration. A growing body of clinical trials has shown that platelet release has a notable effectiveness on refractory ulcer healing. However, patients with chronic diabetic ulcers usually have poor general health, and the large-volume blood absence required to produce autologous platelet-rich plasma often causes adverse effects. To overcome the limitation, the homologous platelet gel (PG) from healthy donor was used for the treatment of chronic diabetic lower extremity wound in the study. We show here that homologous derived platelets significantly enhanced EVC304 cell and HaCaT cell proliferation and homologous PG was capable of prompting cell migration. Twenty-one patients with refractory diabetic lower extremity ulcers, who had no response to conventional treatments, were treated in this study. Our data indicated that homologous PG was effective for the enhancement and acceleration of diabetic lower extremity wounds healing. We propose that homologous PG appeared to enhance vascularization and epithelialization, which might induce a quicker healing process and and encourage controlled studies in future.
Soluble ligands for NK cell receptors promote evasion of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells from NK cell anti-tumor activity
Authors: Reiners Katrin S. , Topolar Daniela , Henke Alexander , Simhadri Venkateswara R. , Kessler Jörg , Sauer Maike , Bessler Martina , Hansen Hinrich P. , Tawadros Samir , Herling Marco , Krönke Martin , Hallek Michael , Pogge von Strandmann Elke
Published: March 2013

Key Points

Exosomal NKp30-ligand BAG6 is crucial for detection of tumor cells by NK cells in vitro and in vivo. Soluble plasma factors including BAG6 suppress NK cell cytotoxicity and promote evasion of CLL cells from NK cell anti-tumor activity.
Pathogenic mechanisms implicated in the intravascular coagulation in the lungs of BVDV-infected calves challenged with BHV-1
Authors: Risalde María A , Molina Verónica , Sánchez-Cordón Pedro J , Romero-Palomo Fernando , Pedrera Miriam , Garfia Bartolomé , Gómez-Villamandos José C
Published: March 2013

Resistance to respiratory disease in cattle requires host defense mechanisms that protect against pathogens which have evolved sophisticated strategies to evade them, including an altered function of pulmonary macrophages (MΦs) or the induction of inflammatory responses that cause lung injury and sepsis. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanisms responsible for vascular changes occurring in the lungs of calves infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and challenged later with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), evaluating the role of MΦs in the development of pathological lesions in this organ. For this purpose, pulmonary lesions were compared between co-infected calves and healthy animals inoculated only with BHV-1 through immunohistochemical (MAC387, TNFα, IL-1α, iNOS, COX-2 and Factor-VIII) and ultrastructural studies. Both groups of calves presented important vascular alterations produced by fibrin microthrombi and platelet aggregations within the blood vessels. These findings were earlier and more severe in the co-infected group, indicating that the concomitance of BVDV and BHV-1 in the lungs disrupts the pulmonary homeostasis by facilitating the establishment of an inflammatory and procoagulant environment modulated by inflammatory mediators released by pulmonary MΦs. In this regard, the co-infected calves, in spite of presenting a greater number of IMΦs than single-infected group, show a significant decrease in iNOS expression coinciding with the presence of more coagulation lesions. Moreover, animals pre-inoculated with BVDV displayed an alteration in the response of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-1), which play a key role in activating the immune response, as well as in the local cell-mediated response.
Assessment of localisation to auditory stimulation in post-comatose states: use the patient’s own name
Authors: Cheng Lijuan , Gosseries Olivia , Ying Limei , Hu Xiaohua , Yu Dan , Gao Hongxing , He Minhui , Schnakers Caroline , Laureys Steven , Di Haibo
Published: March 2013

Background

At present, there is no consensus on how to clinically assess localisation to sound in patients recovering from coma. We here studied auditory localisation using the patient’s own name as compared to a meaningless sound (i.e., ringing bell).

Methods

Eighty-six post-comatose patients diagnosed with a vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome or a minimally conscious state were prospectively included. Localisation of auditory stimulation (i.e., head or eyes orientation toward the sound) was assessed using the patient’s own name as compared to a ringing bell. Statistical analyses used binomial testing with bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.

Results

37 (43%) out of the 86 studied patients showed localisation to auditory stimulation. More patients (n=34, 40%) oriented the head or eyes to their own name as compared to sound (n=20, 23%; p<0.001).

Conclusions

When assessing auditory function in disorders of consciousness, using the patient’s own name is here shown to be more suitable to elicit a response as compared to neutral sound.
Positive resources for combating depressive symptoms among Chinese male correctional officers: perceived organizational support and psychological capital
Authors: Liu Li , Hu Shu , Wang Lie , Sui Guoyuan , Ma Lei
Published: March 2013

Background

Although correctional officers (COs) clearly suffer from depression, positive resources for combating depression have been rarely studied in this population. The purpose of the study was to examine the associations of perceived organizational support (POS) and psychological capital (PsyCap) with depressive symptoms among Chinese COs.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a province of northeast China during March–April 2011. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 1900 male COs from four male prisons. Depressive symptoms, POS, and PsyCap (self efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism) were measured anonymously. A total of 1428 effective respondents with 953 frontline COs (FL-COs) and 475 non-frontline COs (NFL-COs) became our final sample. Hierarchical linear regression was performed to explore the factors associated with depressive symptoms. Asymptotic and resampling strategies were used to examine the mediating roles of PsyCap and its four components.

Results

The level of depressive symptoms of FL-COs was significantly higher than that of NFL-COs (t = 2.28, p = 0.023). There were significant negative associations of POS, PsyCap, hope, resilience, and optimism with depressive symptoms among FL-COs. In NFL-COs, POS, PsyCap, and optimism were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. POS was positively associated with PsyCap and its four components among both FL-COs and NFL-COs. For FL-COs, PsyCap (a*b = −0.143, BCa 95% CI: –0.186, –0.103, p < 0.05), resilience (a*b = −0.052, BCa 95% CI: –0.090, –0.017, p < 0.05), and optimism (a*b = −0.053, BCa 95% CI: –0.090, –0.016, p < 0.05) significantly mediated the association between POS and depressive symptoms. For NFL-COs, PsyCap (a*b = −0.126, BCa 95% CI: –0.186, –0.065, p < 0.05) and optimism (a*b = −0.066, BCa 95% CI: –0.116, –0.008, p < 0.05) significantly mediated the association.

Conclusions

Perceived organizational support and psychological capital could be positive resources for combating depressive symptoms in Chinese male COs. Psychological capital and its components (resilience and optimism) partially mediate the association between perceived organizational support and depressive symptoms. Therefore, organizational support and psychological capital investment (especially resilience and optimism) should be included in depression preventions and treatments targeting Chinese male COs.
Red ginseng abrogates oxidative stress via mitochondria protection mediated by LKB1-AMPK pathway
Authors: Dong Guang-Zhi , Jang Eun Jeong , Kang Seung Ho , Cho Il Je , Park Sun-Dong , Kim Sang Chan , Kim Young Woo
Published: March 2013

Background

Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) has been used as a botanical medicine throughout the history of Asian traditional Oriental medicine. Formulated red ginseng (one form of Korean ginseng) has been shown to have antioxidant and chemopreventive effects.

Methods

This study investigated the cytoprotective effects and mechanism of action of Korean red ginseng extract (RGE) against severe ROS production and mitochondrial impairment in a cytotoxic cell model induced by AA + iron.

Results

RGE protected HepG2 cells from AA + iron-induced cytotoxicity by preventing the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Moreover, AA + iron-induced production of ROS and reduction of cellular GSH content (an important cellular defense mechanism) were remarkably attenuated by treatment with RGE. At the molecular level, treatment with RGE activated LKB1-dependent AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which in turn led to increased cell survival. The AMPK pathway was confirmed to play an essential role as the effects of RGE on mitochondrial membrane potential were reversed upon treatment with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that RGE has the ability to protect cells from AA + iron-induced ROS production and mitochondrial impairment through AMPK activation.
How do autoimmune diseases cluster in families? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cárdenas-Roldán Jorge , Rojas-Villarraga Adriana , Anaya Juan-Manuel
Published: March 2013

Background

A primary characteristic of complex genetic diseases is that affected individuals tend to cluster in families (that is, familial aggregation). Aggregation of the same autoimmune condition, also referred to as familial autoimmune disease, has been extensively evaluated. However, aggregation of diverse autoimmune diseases, also known as familial autoimmunity, has been overlooked. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed aimed at gathering evidence about this topic.

Methods

Familial autoimmunity was investigated in five major autoimmune diseases, namely, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune thyroid disease, multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Articles were searched in Pubmed and Embase databases.

Results

Out of a total of 61 articles, 44 were selected for final analysis. Familial autoimmunity was found in all the autoimmune diseases investigated. Aggregation of autoimmune thyroid disease, followed by systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, was the most encountered.

Conclusions

Familial autoimmunity is a frequently seen condition. Further study of familial autoimmunity will help to decipher the common mechanisms of autoimmunity.
HIV testing practices among New England college health centers
Authors: Patel Nilay , Rana Aadia , Thomas Alyssa , Barnhart John C , Flanigan Timothy P , van den Berg Jacob J , Chan Philip A
Published: March 2013

Background

The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to increase among certain populations including young men who have sex with men (MSM). College campuses represent a potential setting to engage young adults and institute prevention interventions including HIV testing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate testing practices for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on college campuses.

Methods

Medical directors at four-year residential baccalaureate college health centers in New England were surveyed from June, 2011 to September, 2011. Thirty-one interviews were completed regarding experiences with HIV testing, acute HIV infection, other STI testing, and outreach efforts targeting specific at-risk groups such as MSM.

Results

Among schools that responded to the survey, less than five percent of students were tested for HIV at their local college health center in the past academic year (2010–2011). Significant barriers to HIV testing included cost and availability of rapid antibody testing. One-third of college health medical directors reported that their practitioners may not feel comfortable recognizing acute HIV infection.

Conclusions

Improved HIV testing practices are needed on college campuses. Programs should focus on outreach efforts targeting MSM and other at-risk populations.
Respiratory complex I is essential to induce a Warburg profile in mitochondria-defective tumor cells
Authors: Calabrese Claudia , Iommarini Luisa , Kurelac Ivana , Calvaruso Maria Antonietta , Capristo Mariantonietta , Lollini Pier-Luigi , Nanni Patrizia , Bergamini Christian , Nicoletti Giordano , De Giovanni Carla , Ghelli Anna , Giorgio Valentina , Caratozzolo Mariano Francesco , Marzano Flaviana , Manzari Caterina , Betts Christine M , Carelli Valerio , Ceccarelli Claudio , Attimonelli Marcella , Romeo Giovanni , Fato Romana , Rugolo Michela , Tullo Apollonia , Gasparre Giuseppe , Porcelli Anna Maria
Published: March 2013

Background

Aerobic glycolysis, namely the Warburg effect, is the main hallmark of cancer cells. Mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction has been proposed to be one of the major causes for such glycolytic shift. This hypothesis has been revisited as tumors appear to undergo waves of gene regulation during progression, some of which rely on functional mitochondria. In this framework, the role of mitochondrial complex I is still debated, in particular with respect to the effect of mitochondrial DNA mutations in cancer metabolism. The aim of this work is to provide the proof of concept that functional complex I is necessary to sustain tumor progression.

Methods

Complex I-null osteosarcoma cells were complemented with allotopically expressed complex I subunit 1 (MT-ND1). Complex I re-assembly and function recovery, also in terms of NADH consumption, were assessed. Clones were tested for their ability to grow in soft agar and to generate tumor masses in nude mice. Hypoxia levels were evaluated via pimonidazole staining and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) immunoblotting and histochemical staining. 454-pyrosequencing was implemented to obtain global transcriptomic profiling of allotopic and non-allotopic xenografts.

Results

Complementation of a truncative mutation in the gene encoding MT-ND1, showed that a functional enzyme was required to perform the glycolytic shift during the hypoxia response and to induce a Warburg profile in vitro and in vivo, fostering cancer progression. Such trigger was mediated by HIF-1α, whose stabilization was regulated after recovery of the balance between α-ketoglutarate and succinate due to a recuperation of NADH consumption that followed complex I rescue.

Conclusion

Respiratory complex I is essential for the induction of Warburg effect and adaptation to hypoxia of cancer cells, allowing them to sustain tumor growth. Differently from other mitochondrial tumor suppressor genes, therefore, a complex I severe mutation such as the one here reported may confer anti-tumorigenic properties, highlighting the prognostic values of such genetic markers in cancer.
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey
Authors: Solomon Daniel H , Yelin Edward , Katz Jeffrey N , Lu Bing , Shaykevich Tamara , Ayanian John Z
Published: March 2013

Introduction

Numerous studies across different health systems have documented that many patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) do not receive disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Relatively little is known about correlates of DMARD use and whether there are socioeconomic and demographic disparities. We examined DMARD use during 2001 to 2006 in the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS), a longitudinal US survey of randomly selected Medicare beneficiaries.

Methods

Participants in MCBS with RA were included in the analyses, and DMARD use was based on an in-home assessment of all medications. Variables included as potential correlates of DMARD use in weighted regression models included race/ethnicity, insurance, income, education, rheumatology visit, region, age, gender, comorbidity index, and calendar year.

Results

The cohort consisted of 509 MCBS participants with a diagnosis code for RA. Their median age was 70 years, 72% were female, and 24% saw a rheumatologist. Rates of DMARD use ranged from 37% among those <75 years of age to 25% of those age 75 to 84 and 4% of those age 85 and older. The multivariable adjusted predictors of DMARD use include: visit with a rheumatologist in the prior year (odds ratio, OR, 7.74, 95% CI, 5.37, 11.1) and older patient age (compared with <75 years, ages 75 to 84, OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37, 0.92, and 85 and over, OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.02, 0.31). In those without a rheumatology visit, lower income and older age were associated with a significantly reduced probability of DMARD use; no association of DMARD use with income or age was observed for subjects seen by rheumatologists. Race and ethnicity were not significantly associated with receipt of DMARDs.

Conclusions

Among individuals not seeing rheumatologists, lower income and older age were associated with a reduced probability of DMARD use.
Minimum-structure borehole gravity inversion for mineral exploration: A synthetic modeling study
Authors: Mosher Craig R. W. , Farquharson Colin G.
Published: March 2013

A borehole gravimeter for the diameters of holes typically used in mineral exploration has recently been developed. Investigating how the data from such instruments can contribute to the gravity interpretation procedures used in mineral exploration is therefore appropriate. Here, results are presented from a study in which synthetic data for 3D exploration-relevant earth models were inverted and the impact of borehole data assessed. The inversions were carried out using a minimum-structure procedure that is typical of those commonly used to invert surface gravity data. Examples involving data from a single borehole, from multiple boreholes, and combinations of borehole and surface data, are considered. Also, a range of options for the particulars of the inversion algorithm are investigated, including using a reference model and cell weights to incorporate along-borehole density information, and an [Formula: see text]-type measure of model structure. The selection of examples presented demonstrates what one can and cannot expect to determine about the density variation around and between boreholes when borehole gravity data are inverted using a minimum-structure approach. Specifically, the density variation along a borehole can be accurately determined, even without constraints in the inversion, but this capability decreases dramatically a few tens of meters from a borehole.
Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Hodgkin Lymphoma Without Radiotherapy for Patients in Complete Remission After Chemotherapy: Final Results of the Multinational Trial GPOH-HD95
Authors: Dörffel Wolfgang , Rühl Ursula , Lüders Heike , Claviez Alexander , Albrecht Marion , Bökkerink Jos , Holte Harald , Karlen Jonas , Mann Georg , Marciniak Heinz , Niggli Felix , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Schwarze Ernst-Wilhelm , Pötter Richard , Wickmann Lutz , Schellong Günther
Published: March 2013

Purpose

To minimize the risk of late effects in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) by omitting radiotherapy (RT) in patients in complete remission (CR) after chemotherapy and reducing the standard radiation dose to 20 Gy in patients in incomplete remission.

Patients and Methods

Between 1995 and 2001, 925 patients with classical HL (cHL) were registered from seven European countries in German Society of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Hodgkin Lymphoma Trial 95. Patients in treatment group 1 (TG1; early stages) received two cycles of vincristine, prednisone, procarbazine, and doxorubicin or vincristine, prednisone, etoposide, and doxorubicin chemotherapy; additional two or four cycles of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and procarbazine were added in TG2 (intermediate stages) or TG3 (advanced stages), respectively. Patients in CR (assessed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging) did not undergo RT. Those with tumor volume reduction more than 75% received reduced involved-field RT with 20 Gy and an additional 10- or 15-Gy boost only for larger residuals.

Results

Rates of overall survival, progression-free survival (PFS), and event-free survival at 10 years were (± SE) 96.3% ± 0.6%, 88.2% ± 1.1%, and 85.4% ± 1.3%, respectively. PFS for TG1 patients without or with RT was 97.0% ± 2.1% versus 92.2% ± 1.7% (P = .214) but was unsatisfactory for nonirradiated patients in TG2 (68.5% ± 7.4% v 91.4% ± 1.9%; P < .0001), with similar but not significant results in TG3 (82.6% ± 5.4% v 88.7% ± 2.0%, P = .259). Reduction of the standard radiation dose from 25 to 20 Gy did not increase failure rate.

Conclusion

RT can be omitted in early stage HL in so defined CR following this chemotherapy. RT with 20(−35) Gy proved to be sufficient in patients with incomplete remission following chemotherapy.
Theoretical Study on the Mechanism of Dioxygen Evolution in Photosystem II. I. Molecular and Electronic Structures at the S0, S1, and S2 States of Oxygen-Evolving Complex
Authors: Ichino Tomoya , Yoshioka Yasunori
Published: March 2013

Based on the structure at 1.9 Å resolved OEC (PDBid=3ARC), geometries and electronic structures of the S0, S1, and S2 states in the Kok cycle have been theoretically investigated by the broken-symmetry B3LYP method. The exchange coupling constants of spins in three states were also estimated. The oxidation states of four manganese atoms at the S0 state are Mn4[III, III, IV, III]. It was found that the hydrogen-bonding patterns of water molecules are influenced by the electronic structure of the CaMn4O5 core. At the S1 state, the oxidation states are Mn4[III, IV, IV, III]. The hydrogen-bonding pattern of the lowest state is similar to that of the higher energy state of the S0 state. The H2O molecule coordinated to the Mn4 atom loses a proton to yield an OH− anion. At the S2 state, the oxidation states are Mn4[III, IV, IV, IV]. For S0 → S1 → S2 states, the released electrons have the same direction of spins. Only Mn atoms are oxidized not the substrate (H2O). Our theoretical results are consistent with the observed results.
Synthesis of Substituted Sumanenes by Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution Reactions
Authors: Shrestha Binod Babu , Karanjit Sangita , Panda Gautam , Higashibayashi Shuhei , Sakurai Hidehiro
Published: March 2013

Electrophilic substitution reactions of sumanene were studied. Mono-, di-, and trisubstituted sumanenes were selectively prepared with the separation of all regioisomers. The regioselectivity was predicted well by the HOMO density values determined by DFT calculations.
Structural and functional analysis of the U3 snoRNA binding protein Rrp9
Authors: Zhang Liman , Lin Jinzhong , Ye Keqiong
Published: March 2013

The U3 snoRNA is required for 18S rRNA processing and small subunit ribosome formation in eukaryotes. Different from other box C/D snoRNAs, U3 contains an extra 5′ domain that pairs with pre-rRNA and a unique B/C motif essential for recruitment of the U3-specific Rrp9 protein. Here, we analyze the structure and function of Rrp9 with crystallographic, biochemical, and cellular approaches. Rrp9 is composed of a WD repeat domain and an N-terminal region. The crystal structures of the WD domain of yeast Rrp9 and its human ortholog U3-55K were determined, revealing a typical seven-bladed propeller fold. Several conserved surface patches on the WD domain were identified, and their function in RNP assembly and yeast growth were analyzed by mutagenesis. Prior association of Snu13 with the B/C motif was found to enhance the specific binding of the WD domain. We show that a conserved 7bc loop is crucial for specific recognition of U3, nucleolar localization of Rrp9, and yeast growth. In addition, we show that the N-terminal region of Rrp9 contains a bipartite nuclear localization signal that is dispensable for nucleolar localization. Our results provide insight into the functional sites of Rrp9.
'It used to be about the kids': Nutrition Reform and the Montreal Protestant School Board
Authors: Povitz Lana
Published: March 2013

The nutrition programs that developed in Montreal Protestant schools during the 1970s attest to a deepening awareness of child and adolescent welfare. The combination of grassroots activism and government support that brought about these initiatives took place in the context of post-Quiet Revolution Quebec, when Montrealers were grappling with the role that the newly activist state should play in social life. At the same time, school nutrition reform was part of a broader ongoing renegotiation of state responsibility. Both in Canada and the United States, governments were steadily assuming a mantle of responsibility for expanded liberal rights. Les programmes de nutrition développés par les écoles protestantes de Montréal dans les années 1970 attestent une conscientisation accrue à l'égard du bien-être des enfants et des adolescents. L'union entre activisme local et soutien gouvernemental qui rendit ces initiatives possibles s'est faite dans le contexte de l'après-Révolution tranquille au Québec, alors que les Montréalais peinaient à se résoudre au rôle que l'État désormais interventionniste jouerait dans la vie sociale. Simultanément, la réforme de la nutrition à l'école s'inscrivait dans une vaste renégociation continue des responsabilités étatiques. Tant au Canada qu'aux tats-Unis, les gouvernements assumaient des responsabilités toujours plus grandes dans la foulée du progrès des droits individuels.
A History Teacher Looks Back
Authors: Osborne Ken
Published: March 2013

Ken Osborne looks back on his career as a history teacher and teacher of history teachers, exploring what first drew him to the study of history, why he thinks history matters, why he decided to teach it, and how he became involved in issues surrounding the teaching of history. Along the way he also comments on the emergence of history education as a distinct field of study and research.

Ken Osborne revient sur sa carrière de professeur d’histoire et d’enseignant aux enseignants en histoire, fouillant ses souvenirs sur ce qui l’a d’abord attiré à l’histoire, les raisons pour lesquelles il juge l’histoire importante et pour lesquelles il l’a enseignée, et les circonstances qui l’ont amené à s’intéresser aux enjeux relatifs à l’enseignement de l’histoire. En cour de route, il se penche aussi sur l’émergence du champ d’étude et de recherche distinct de l’enseignement de l’histoire.
GIS Textbook Content as a Basis for Skill Development in Map Interpretation
Authors: Skryzhevska Liza , Green Jerry , Abbitt Robbyn
Published: March 2013

Previous research has noted that enrolments in US map-interpretation courses have been declining since the mid-1980s. One reason for this could be the rise and development of GIS technology and its implementation in the curricula of many universities. In this situation, GIS courses may play a dual role, both directly siphoning away potential map-interpretation students and offering an alternative venue for those wishing to develop map-interpretation skills. This study investigates the materials available in 13 current GIS textbooks and tutorials with respect to the inclusion of map-interpretation and cartographic topics. The findings suggest that these materials contain a significant amount of map-interpretation and cartographic content. The prevalence of each topic varies by source. Based on the degree of prevalence, four groups of topics were defined. The findings suggest that GIS courses may be an alternative avenue for students seeking to obtain or improve their map-interpretation skills. However, textbook choice will play a certain role in the process of reaching these goals. Une recherche antérieure a noté une chute des taux d'inscriptions à des cours d'interprétation cartographique aux États Unis depuis le milieu des années 1980. Une raison de ce déclin serait la montée et le développement des technologies du SIG et leur ajout au curriculum de nombreuses universités. Dans ce cas, les cours de SIG pourraient jouer un double rôle, en détournant vers les SIG des étudiants potentiellement intéressés par l'interprétation cartographique et en offrant une autre possibilité à ceux qui désirent perfectionner leurs aptitudes en matière d'interprétation cartographique. Dans l'étude, on passe en revue le matériel contenu dans 13 manuels ou tutoriels sur les SIG pour évaluer le contenu relatif à l'interprétation des cartes et des sujets cartographiques. Les résultats laissent croire que ces ouvrages contiennent une grande quantité de matière sur l'interprétation des cartes et la cartographie. La fréquence de chaque sujet varie d'une source à l'autre. D'après ces fréquences, trois groupes de sujets ont été définis. Les résultats suggèrent aussi que les cours de SIG représentent une autre possibilité pour les étudiants voulant améliorer leurs aptitudes en matière d'interprétation cartographique. Toutefois, le choix du manuel joue un certain rôle dans la manière d'atteindre cet objectif.
Les politiques forestières du Québec et le commerce « loyal » : le différend sur le bois d’œuvre
Authors: Gagné Gilbert , Jasmin Éric
Published: March 2013

Les droits de coupe pour les arbres des forêts publiques sont déterminés au Québec à partir des prix du bois sur le marché privé. Dans le cadre du différend sur le bois d’œuvre avec les États-Unis, si le département américain du Commerce considérait en 1992 que ce marché était concurrentiel, et pouvait donc servir de base de référence, il concluait différemment en 2002. Or, il est difficile de démontrer que le régime forestier québécois satisfait ou non effectivement à des conditions « loyales » d’échanges, sur lesquelles les États-Unis insistent. Même si le nouveau régime forestier annoncé par le gouvernement du Québec en 2008 prévoit la mise aux enchères d’une part significative du bois public, ce régime ne paraît guère en mesure de répondre aux exigences américaines.
Court Decisions, NIMBY Claims, and the Siting of Unwanted Facilities: Policy Frames and the Impact of Judicialization in Locating a Landfill for Toronto’s Solid Waste
Authors: Flynn Greg
Published: March 2013

This article examines the use of litigation by political actors to contest unwanted environmental policy options on the basis of NIMBY claims. It analyzes the discursive frames employed by policy actors to explain how one community in Northern Ontario could reject a facility to receive Toronto’s waste while another in Michigan could not. The article employs a case study approach to trace the process of judicial and tribunal decisions about these two potential landfill sites. The research found that the judicial policy frames can serve as a determinative of outcomes of siting decisions in subsequent institutional settings and that such precedents could be overcome only when opponents reframed the issues to align with the interests of all parties. The article concludes that the specific characteristics of each institutional setting in which policy disputes take place are an important factor to explaining policy change or stability.
Resisting Imperial Jouissance : The Transideological Line in Recent American Antiwar Poetry
Authors: Brink Dean
Published: March 2013

This essay critically examines various strategies taken in the most compelling contemporary American antiwar poetry written against the occupation of Iraq. It finds both limitations, as many poets have succumbed to a postmodern distance from events, and brilliance, in poets who have discerned ways of eliciting hope in the aims of such poetry. Linda Hutcheon's term transideological irony is used to show how many poets are complicit, in their irony, with rubrics of the dominant discourse such as "a nation at war." In light of Žižek's Lacanian-Marxist formulation of jouissance , the imperial jouissance manifest in much poetry presented as thematically "antiwar" is examined in terms of both successes and shortcomings. Le présent essai jette un coup d'oeil critique sur les diverses stratégies mises de l'avant dans la plus probante poésie américaine contemporaine contre la guerre écrite contre l'occupation de l'Iraq. Parce que nombre de poètes ont succombé à l'établissement d'une distance postmoderne des événements, on retrouve à la fois les limites et le génie des poètes qui ont trouvé des façons d'éliciter de l'espoir dans la vision de cette poésie. Linda Hutcheon utilise le terme « ironie transidéologique » pour démontrer la façon dont les poètes sont complices, de par leur ironie, avec des images du discours dominant comme « une nation en guerre ». À l'aide de la formulation de la jouissance Lacanienne-Marxiste de Žižek, la jouissance impériale manifestée dans une grande partie de la poésie et présentée comme thématiquement « opposée à la guerre » fait l'objet d'un examen tant pour ses forces que pour ses faiblesses.
Picture Books on Asian Transnational/-Racial Adoption
Authors: Chen Fu-jen
Published: March 2013

After an exploration on the function of picture books on Asian transnational/-racial adoption, this essay examines selected picture books that are divided into two groups: pre- and post-legal adoption narratives. I argue that in the course of demystifying the mono-ethnic or mono-cultural norm of kinship and family, a re-mystification simultaneously occurs in the narratives of both pre- and post-legal adoption picture books. Picture books may function to cultivate a healthy degree of psychological mobility and prepare adopted children to confront and later on even to assume a lack and a split they share with the Other. J'explorerai tout d'abord la fonction des livres d'images sur l'adoption asiatique transnationale-transraciale, et j'examinerai les livres d'images sélectionnés que je divise en deux groupes : récits avant et récits après l'adoption légale. Je fais valoir qu'au cours de la démystification de la norme mono-ethnique ou mono-culturelle de la parentalité et de la famille, une remystification survient simultanément dans les récits des livres d'images sur l'adoption, avant et après l'adoption en bonne et due forme. Ces livres peuvent servir à cultiver suffisamment de mobilité psychologique et à préparer les enfants adoptés à affronter et même à assumer un manque et un dédoublement qu'ils partagent avec l'Autre.
Cultural Memory and the Law in George F. Walker and Dani Romain's This Is Wonderland
Authors: Johnson Chris
Published: March 2013

CHRIS JOHNSON analyses the CBC Television series by acknowledging carnivalesque inversions that spin from an ongoing allusion to Alice in Wonderland as well as evaluating character development rarely this privileged in court dramas. The show urges its viewers to reconsider their perceptions of the law and to query their own positions within the legal system.
Guantánamo : Using a Play-Reading to Teach Law
Authors: Calder Gillian
Published: March 2013

Arguing that law school must involve embodied learning, GILLIAN CALDER describes the use of drama as a teaching tool at the University of Victoria to encourage empathetic understanding of our Charter society.
Theatre of the Unexpected: When the Spectator Becomes Actor
Authors: Guay Louis-Martin
Published: March 2013

Improvised game playing and “spectacting” form the basis of LOUIS-MARTIN GUAY ’s “Theatre of the Unexpected,” which returns to Artaud, Callois, and Huizinga to advance the practices of live improvisation in the theatre.
Kneading Marie Clements' Burning Vision
Authors: May Theresa J.
Published: March 2013

Theresa J. May, director of a University of Oregon production and a prominent eco-theatre scholar, breaks bread and meditates on Marie Clements' groundbreaking play.
The Eco Show
Authors: Brooks Daniel
Published: March 2013

In Daniel Brooks' complex and nuanced play, ecological crisis finds expression in the daily struggles of a peculiar yet familiar household. The performance depicts domestic drama at the tipping point.