bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weed Management Strategies in Direct Seeded Rice: A Review
Authors: Hashim Mohammad , Singh V.K. , Singh K.K. , Dhar Shiva , Pandey U.C.
Published: January 2022

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food of more than half of the population of the world and provides food security and livelihoods for millions of population. Direct seeding of rice (DSR) refers to the process of direct sowing the seeds in the field rather than by transplanting seedlings from the nursery. Direct seeded rice is an age old practice and before the introduction of green revolution in India. Rainfed rice was often broadcasted into moist soil and crops were highly prone to weed competition resulted into low yield. Rice ecosystems and establishment methods determined the weed spectrum and degree of infestation in rice field (DSR). Weeds are considered as a major biological constraint in direct seeded rice. In direct seeded rice, weed management depend on weed flora, critical period of weed control, availability of water and method to be adopted. Integrated weed management (IWM) is essential to achieve the long term, sustainable and economic management of weeds in direct seeded rice. The literature regarding the direct seeded rice, critical period of crop weed competition, different types of weed flora and different methods for the effective and sustainable management of weeds in direct seeded rice are reviewed in this paper.
Edible Insects a Novel Food Processing Industry: An Overview
Authors: Nitharwal Mukesh , Kumawat Subhita , Jatav Hanuman Singh , Khan Mudassar Ahmed , Chandra Kailash , Attar Sanjay Kumar , Dhaka S.R.
Published: January 2022

Humans are consuming roughly 40 per cent of the biomass that the land and the coastal seas produce is an alarming phase. The rate at which the population is increasing and demand of food reserves to provide nutritional food from the conventional protein production sources i.e. livestock, poultry and fish unable to keep up the supply. A concept behind edible insect farming has its roots from some of character i.e. high feed conversion efficiency, much less water and land requirement and less proven to diseases and higher portion to be utilizable (lack of bones) make insects a suitable source. Rearing and harvesting of the insect is a low tech, low-capital investment option even to poorest section of society, such as women and landless workers. Insects farming provide proteins at lowest cost of 40-75 g per 100 g of dry weight of insects.
Nutritional Composition, Mineral Content and Antioxidant Properties of Unpolished Red Rice Cultivars of Assam, India
Authors: Mudoi Tiluttama , Das Priyanka
Published: January 2022

Background: Assam is a rich source of different types of colored rice cultivars. Very few colored rice cultivars are studied regarding nutritional and phytochemical properties. The objective of present study was to assess the nutritional composition and antioxidant properties of traditional red rice cultivars of Assam. Methods: Ten different red rice cultivars were collected for the study. The unpolished rice grains were analysed for proximate composition, mineral content, total phenolic, flavonoid content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Result: Amylose content was found to be low in the red rice cultivars. The carbohydrate and crude protein content varied significantly among the red rice cultivars. The studied cultivars were found to be good source of Fe, Mn and Zn. Highest total phenolic (1357.22 mg /100 g) and flavonoid content (896.37 mg/100 g) were found in the Hal aus, whereas the lowest value for total phenolic (336.49 mg/100 g) and flavonoid content (127.51 mg/100 g) were observed in Basanta bahar. Antioxidant capacity of colored rice varieties ranged from 33.33 to 84.24% for DPPH radical scavenging activity. The red rice cultivars contain a significant amount of nutrients and antioxidants including phenolic and flavonoids.
Evaluation of Impact of Chelated Mineral Mixture Formulation Supplementation on Milk Quantity and Milk Quality Parameters in Lactating Dairy Cows under Field Conditions
Authors: Ahmed A. Nazeer , Bhagwat Vishwanath Gopal , Paramesh Rangesh
Published: January 2022

Background: The primary aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of chelated organic mineral mixture “HimChelate” (Developed by Himalaya Wellness Company) on milk production, fat percentage, solids not fat (SNF) and milk somatic cell counts in lactating dairy cows. Methods: A total of eight lactating dairy cows were randomly selected in one group (G) supplemented with HimChelate mixed with concentrate feed and water at a dose of 30 g/day/cow. The cows were used as their controls and thus, allocated to a control pretreatment period (baseline; 7 days), followed by a treatment period (30 days) and after the treatment period (7 days). The impact of HimChelate supplementation on milk production and quality parameters viz, fat and SNF percentages were before supplementation (baseline), during the supplementation period of HimChelate daily up to 4 weeksand after supplementation of HimChelate (1 week) were accessed to evaluate the efficacy of HimChelate. Result: The mean milk yield in G on the baseline and during the treatment period, i.e., weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4, was 10.64±1.34 and 10.72±1.36, 10.76±1.35, 10.79±1.37 and 10.73±1.40, respectively. The sum milk yield was increased moderately in G during the treatment period compared with that on the baseline throughout the treatment period, i.e., 0.58 L (week 1), 0.93 L (week 2), 1.20 L (week 3) and 0.68 L (week 4). The impact of HimChelate on assessment parameters, such as milk yield, fat and SNF in dairy cows showed that mean milk yield (L) was increased by 1.03% following supplementation of HimChelate at 30 g (G) once daily per cow, respectively. Conversely, fat and SNF percentages were increased by 4.41% and 0.25% following the supplementation of HimChelate at 30 g(G). The supplementation of HimChelate 30 g once daily caused a slight reduction in milk somatic cell count (SCC) as early as day 3 (5100000 cells/mL). Conversely, the major reduction in milk SCC count was observed from day 9, i.e., 900000 cells/mL and maintained milk SCC of 300000 cells/mL from days 12 to 21. The findings of present research investigation depicted that the supplementation of HimChelate at the dose of 30 g/day/cow was better in terms of augmentation of milk production and improvement of milk quality parameters.
Consciousness of Dairy Farmers about Rabies an Oldest Zoonosis
Authors: Jadav S.J. , Patel J.K.
Published: January 2022

Background: The study was carried out to assess the consciousness of dairy farmers about rabies as an oldest zoonosis. Methods: Using the simple random sampling method, 180 dairy farmers from 36 villages of 6 talukas of Panchmahals and Mahisagar districts of Gujarat state (India) were selected. Result: The majority of dairy farmers (90.56%) had high to very high level of consciousness about rabies. The majority of dairy farmers had medium to high level of knowledge (72.22%), high to very high level of sensitivity (91.11%) and favorable to most favorable attitude (95.55%) towards the control of rabies. Path analysis show the maximum positive direct effect had exerted by scientific orientation and mass media exposure and age exerted maximum negative direct effect. Economic motivation and extension participation exerted maximum indirect positive effects. Dairy farmers can enhance their consciousness about rabies through participation in different extension activities with using mass media, internet and other psychological variables. The findings of this study would serve as a guideline for researchers, training institutions, planners, extension agencies and concerned organizations in the formation of effective realistic training programmes to impart consciousness amongst the dairy farmers about rabies and other zoonoses.
Clinico-haematobiochemical Evaluation of Diaphragmatic Hernia and its Surgical Management in Cattle and Buffaloes-A Retrospective Study of 32 Cases
Authors: Suryawanshi R.V. , Ulemale A.H. , Jadhav Y.B. , Ubhare Gauri
Published: January 2022

Background: Diaphragmatic hernia is an emerging threat in dairy animals due to accidental ingestion of potential foreign body via feed or fodder leads to traumatic reticulo pericarditis and net results into loss of milk production. Loss of milk production due to diaphragmatic hernia in dairy animals is worrying situation among the milkman and it needs to be addressed in early stage. Considering the livelihood of poor to marginal farmers on dairy animals, the present study aimed to evaluate the clinico-haematological changes and surgical management of diaphragmatic hernia in cattle and buffalo. Methods: The present retrospective study was carried in thirty two clinical cases of diaphragmatic hernia in cattle (17) and buffaloes (15) presented to teaching veterinary clinical complex from the rural area irrespective breeds, age and no. of lactation of animals. Result: The incidence was higher in recently parturited followed by advanced pregnant animals aged between 3.5-14 years (7.109±0.406) with duration of illness ranged between 4-35 days (16.563±1.627). All animals showed recurrent tympany, suspended rumination, constipation, neutrophilia, alkaline ruminal pH, lymphopenia and increased level of muscle enzymes and non-responsive to medicinal therapy. Plain radiography of thoraco-abdominal region showed break in continuity of diaphragmatic line and herniation of reticulum into thoracic cavity. All animals were subjected to surgical correction of diaphragmatic hernia under isoflurane general anaesthesia. Out of 32, 27 animals were recovered uneventfully and remaining five animals were succumbed during surgical repair of hernia due to cardiovascular failure. The present study concludes that, diaphragmatic hernia is common wasting disorders in dairy animals characterized by scanty faeces, recurrent tympany, neutrophilia, increased level of muscle enzymes due to chronic inflammatory changes and it can be treated successfully with herniorrhaphy under isoflurane general anaesthesia.
Prevalence Study (2017-2020) of Heart Failure among Dogs of Hyderabad, Telangana State
Authors: Rao E. Aravind , Kumar V.V.V. Amruth , Nagaraj P. , Kumar K. Satish
Published: January 2022

Background: Heart failure that is caused by various cardiac diseases like valvular disease, dilated cardiomyopathy and pericardial diseases are progressive and chronic in nature, but occur as acute form wherein the clinician has to respond quickly both in its diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The present study that was carried out to assess the prevalence of heart failure has included 309 dogs of various breed, gender and age. Clinical evaluation was followed by electrocardiography using smart phone-based ECG, thoracic radiography and 2d-echocardiography to diagnose the various causes of heart failure. Result: All of these cases were exhibiting similar manifestations like generalized weakness, poor physical activity, respiratory distress, dyspnoea at rest, cough and lack of sleep, that were suggestive of heart failure. ECG, thoracic radiography and echocardiographic evaluation revealed 146/309 cases as suffering with various cardiac diseases viz., valvular diseases, dilated cardiomyopathy and pericardial diseases that resulted in heart failure. However, the remaining 163/309 dogs were diagnosed with respiratory disorders (69), renal insufficiency (57), hepatic insufficiency (26), pyometra (07) and anemia (04). The overall prevalence of heart failure was observed to be 1.55% (146) among the total dogs (9369) presented with systemic diseases, while it was 47.25% (146) among dogs (309) which were exhibiting clinical manifestations suggestive of heart failure. Similarly, the heart failure was recorded as highest prevalent among Labrador and lowest among Daschund. Dogs aged between 10-14 years are more vulnerable for these cardiac diseases when compared to various other age group individuals and males are more at risk.
Application of dsRNA VP15-WSSV by Oral Vaccination to Increase Survival Rate and Response Immunes of Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon
Authors: Parenrengi Andi , Tenriulo Andi , Suryati Emma , Rosmiati Rosmiati , Lante Samuel , Azis Andi Asmawati , Alimuddin Alimuddin
Published: January 2022

Background: RNA interference (RNAi) has recently introduced as a powerful technique for specific gene silencing in antiviral therapy for controlling shrimp diseases. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of dsRNA VP15-WSSV vaccine by oral administration on tiger shrimp survival rate and response immunes. Methods: A gene encoding VP15 was isolated from tiger shrimp infected WSSV and cloned into the L4440 vector with the T7 promoter. For mass production, the pT7-VP15 gene construct was transformed to bacteria. The bacteria were inactivated using the heat-killed method by immersion and 108 cells of bacteria were mixed with 0.02 g of commercial shrimp feed for dsRNA application. The shrimp were fed by: (A) feed containing dsRNA and coated by fish oil, (B) feed without dsRNA and coated by fish oil and (C) feed without dsRNA and fish oil. The shrimp were challenged with WSSV by intramuscular injection after vaccination for two weeks. The survival rate (SR) after the challenge test was counted daily, while the THC and proPO were observed before, then on 1st, 3rd and 5th days post-challenge (dpc). Result: The survival rate of tiger shrimp for all treatments tended to decrease until the 3rd dpc, while the 4th dpc the vaccinated tiger shrimp was started to exhibit the higher SR compared to both treatments. The vaccinated tiger shrimp had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher SR and THC compared with both control treatments, but not significantly (P greater than 0.05) for proPO activity. The results indicated that the application of oral dsRNA vaccination suggested increasing in SR and response immune of tiger shrimp.
DNA Fingerprinting Construction and Genetic Diversity Analysis for Azuki Bean (Vigna angularis) and Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Germplasm Resources
Authors: Zhao Qiuzhu , Chen Zhe , Khalifa Mohamed A.S. , Yin Fengxiang , Qu Xiangchun , Zhang Jun , Yao Dan
Published: January 2022

Background: As a coarse grain variety, azuki beans and mung beans were widely grow in Asia. Due to the lack of management in the long-term cultivation process, leading to the mixed phenomenon among azuki bean and mung bean varieties, which seriously affects the cultivation and breeding of azuki beans and mung beans. The current study aims to construct the genetic map using SSR markers for the genetic classification of beans. Methods: In 2019, 46 test materials were raised to extract the young leaves. The DNA fingerprinting of 46 cultivated azuki bean and mung bean resources were constructed using 38 pairs of SSR primers and their genetic diversity were analyzed. Azuki bean and mung bean varieties are divided by hierarchical clustering analysis. Result: Totally 18 primers have shown polymorphism among the 38 primers and 188 polymorphic bands were amplified with average PIC of value 0.8302. According to the K mean cluster analysis method, 23 azuki beans and 23 mung beans resources were grouped into three categories. According to the hierarchical cluster analysis method, azuki beans were divided into four categories and mung beans were divided into six categories. The 46 azuki bean germplasm resources could be distinguished by screening nine pairs of digital fingerprint constructed by core primers.
16. YÜZYIL MESNEVİLERİNDE KÜLTÜR VE STATÜYE GÖRE KADIN
Authors: BIÇAK Nihat
Published: January 2022

İslam öncesi Türk kültüründe kadının önemli bir yeri vardır. Bu durum, daha çok Türklerin bozkırdaki göçebe veya yarı göçebe yaşam tarzıyla ilgilidir. Bozkırın zorlu yaşam şartları ve insanın doğaya karşı güçlü olma zorunluluğu, kadını da erkek gibi değerli kılar. Dolayısıyla, bu kültürdeki kadın; erkek gibi güçlü, mücadeleci ve sosyal hayatta aktif konumdadır. Yaşam tarzı ve inanç konusunda meydana gelen değişim, kadının konumunu da tamamen değiştirmiştir.
İslam dini ve Fars kültürü etkisinde gelişen Klasik Osmanlı Şiiri kadına mesafelidir. Çünkü İslam toplumlarında, belli bir kadını konu yapmak hoş karşılanmaz. Dolayısıyla, bu edebi gelenek, genellikle cinsiyetin belli olmadığı androjen bir yapıdadır. Cinsiyet fark etmeksizin şiire konu olan güzel, edebi geleneğin klişe kalıplarıyla tasvir edilir. Kadın cinsiyetinin özellikle belirtildiği az sayıdaki şiirde ise daha çok olumsuz nitelemelere vurgu yapılır. Ama mesneviler ise çoğunlukla farklı kültürlere ait olduğu için kadına bakış açısı değişkenlik gösterir.
Bu çalışmada İslam öncesi Türk kültürü kadınına kısaca değineceğiz. Ardından Klasik Osmanlı Edebiyatının altın çağı kabul edilen 16.yüzyıla ait, farklı kültürlerden alınan mesnevilerin kadın kahramanlarını karşılaştıracağız. Son olarak diğer nazım şekillerinden birkaç örnekle, kadına bakış açısını genel olarak değerlendireceğiz.
Review of evidence implicating the plasminogen activator system in blood-brain barrier dysfunction associated with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Tang Mei-Yun , Gorin Fredric A. , Lein Pamela J.
Published: January 2022

Elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to identify therapeutic targets has been the focus of many decades of research. While deposition of extracellular amyloid-beta plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau have historically been the two characteristic hallmarks of AD pathology, therapeutic strategies targeting these proteinopathies have not been successful in the clinics. Neuroinflammation has been gaining more attention as a therapeutic target because increasing evidence implicates neuroinflammation as a key factor in the early onset of AD disease progression. The peripheral immune response has emerged as an important contributor to the chronic neuroinflammation associated with AD pathophysiology. In this context, the plasminogen activator system (PAS), also referred to as the vasculature’s fibrinolytic system, is emerging as a potential factor in AD pathogenesis. Evolving evidence suggests that the PAS plays a role in linking chronic peripheral inflammatory conditions to neuroinflammation in the brain. While the PAS is better known for its peripheral functions, components of the PAS are expressed in the brain and have been demonstrated to alter neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeation. Here, we review plasmin-dependent and -independent mechanisms by which the PAS modulates the BBB in AD pathogenesis and discuss therapeutic implications of these observations.
Estimates of methane and nitrous oxide emission from a rice field in Central Java, Indonesia, based on the DeNitrification DeComposition model
Authors: Munawaroh Umi , Komariah Komariah , Ariyanto Dwi Priyo , Zaki Muhamad Khoiru , Noda Keigo
Published: January 2022

Indonesia is the world’s third largest rice producer, with most rice being cultivated (estimated 3.1 million ha) in Central Java. However, one of the environmental challenges in producing rice is greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rice fields. Therefore, understanding the GHG emissions (methane and nitrous oxide) from the rice farming system is important for better management practices. The objective of this study is to estimate the GHG emissions supported by a satellite database, namely, the DeNitrification DeComposition (DNDC) model, at three regencies at Central Java, Indonesia, Cilacap, Karanganyar, and Pati, as well as the factors determining the emissions. The DNDC model was obtained from https://www.dndc.sr.unh.edu, which consists of three main submodels that worked together in simulating N2O and N2 emissions: (1) the soil-climate/thermal-hydraulic flux submodel, (2) the decomposition submodel, and (3) the denitrification submodel. The results showed that the N2O emissions from rice farming in Karanganyar, Cilacap, and Pati were 19.0, 18.8, and 12.8 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively, while they were 213.7, 270.6, and 360.6 kg C ha−1 yr−1 for CH4 emissions, respectively. Consecutive dry or high precipitation, which resulted in cumulative depleted or elevated soil moisture, respectively, along with warmer temperature likely promoted higher methane and nitrous oxide. Experimental fields for validating the model in accordance with various agricultural practices are suggested for further study. Overall, the DNDC model has successfully estimated the CH4 and N2O emissions in Central Java when incorporated with various secondary climatic and land management big data resources.
Special Issue on COVID-19 and Historical Pandemics Part 2
Authors: Shinoda Sumio , Karaki Hideaki , Hayashi Haruo
Published: January 2022

COVID-19, which originated in Wuhan, China, 2 years ago, became a pandemic, that continues to this day.

The Journal of Disaster Research (JDR) edited a special issue, “Special Issue on COVID-19 and Historical Pandemics” at the end of 2020 and an electronic version of the issue was published in January 2021 (JDR Vol.16, No.1, pp. 1-117).

Even though one year has passed, life has not yet returned to normal due to the continued spread of COVID-19. Although the percentage of the general public that has been vaccinated continues to increase and various drugs and treatments have been developed, the number of COVID-19 cases also continues to increase. A huge number of COVID-19 cases have been reported, especially in Europe and the Americas.

Accordingly, we planned to publish Special Issue Part 2 and called for papers.

This Special Issue Part 2 includes 18 manuscripts, which deal with general epidemiology, effects on socioeconomic or educational areas, and clinical medicine, including vaccines and medical treatments.

The virus spike protein plays an important role in its intrusion into human cells and the onset of COVID-19 infection. Although SARS-CoV-2 (the pathogenic virus of COVID-19) originated in Wuhan, China, various variant strains with mutation in gene coding in the spike protein have appeared in multiple countries. The WHO classifies these variants into the categories of VOC (variant of concern), VOI (variant of interest), or VUM (variant under monitoring).

The definitions of VOC and VOI are as follows. VOC: “A SARS-CoV-2 variant that meets the definition of a VOI and, through a comparative assessment, has been demonstrated to be associated with one or more changes in the degree of global public health significance.” VOI: “Increase in transmissibility or detrimental change in COVID-19 epidemiology, increase in virulence or change in clinical disease presentation, or decrease in effectiveness of public health and social measures or available diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics.”

The WHO uses Greek letters designating the variants. Accordingly as they have appeared, variants have been designated as alpha (α: the UK variant), beta (β: the South Africa variant), and delta (δ: the Indian variant).

After the deadline for the manuscript of this special issue, a new variant, omicron (o) originated in South Africa and Botswana, and it immediately began spreading worldwide. Unfortunately, it was impossible to include the manuscript on the omicron variant in this Special Issue Part 2, as the deadline had already passed.

As COVID-19 continues to spread, the JDR will plan to edit Part 3 of this COVID-19 special issue.
Questionnaire Survey on COVID-19 Vaccination at Okayama University in Japan: Factors Promoting Vaccination Among Young Adults
Authors: Higuchi Chigusa , Matsumoto Naomi , Iwasaki Yoshiaki , Yorifuji Takashi , Yamazaki Junichiro , Nasu Yasutomo , Makino Hirofumi ,   Okayama University Health Service Center 2-1-1 Tsushima Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan,   Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan,   Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 has been prevalent worldwide since 2019. Increasing COVID-19 vaccination coverage is an important measure to combat the disease. An online survey was conducted with university students and personnel who were vaccinated against COVID-19 at a mass vaccination event to examine the factors promoting vaccination among young adults. The online survey was conducted with persons vaccinated at Okayama University from June 5 to September 27, 2021. Although the number of those who had fever >37.5°C increased after the second vaccination compared to the first, the vaccinated persons got more satisfied after the second shot.
Excess Mortality by Suicide Caused by COVID-19 in Japan
Authors: Kurita Junko , Sugawara Tamie , Ohkusa Yasushi ,   Department of Nursing, Tokiwa University 1-430-1 Miwa, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8585, Japan,   Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Tokyo, Japan
Published: January 2022

Background: Countermeasures against COVID-19 outbreak, such as lockdowns and voluntary restrictions against going out, adversely affect human stress and depress economic activity. Particularly, this stress might lead to suicide. Object: We examined excess mortality attributable to COVID-19 related suicide. Method: We applied the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) model to suicide deaths, by gender, throughout Japan during October 2009–January 2021. Effects of the great earthquake that struck eastern Japan on March 11, 2011 were incorporated into the estimation model. Results: Significant excess mortality from suicide was found during July–January for both genders. Its frequency was higher among females than among males. In total, 2276 cases of excess mortality were identified. Discussion and Conclusion: Excess mortality during the four months was more than twice that of COVID-19 deaths confirmed by PCR testing. Countermeasures against COVID-19 should be chosen carefully in light of suicide effects.
The Importance of Monitoring Viral Respiratory Infections During the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Hamamoto Itsuki , Shimasaki Noriko ,   Influenza and Respiratory Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan,   Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Tokyo, Japan
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a new, infectious, pneumonia-like disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has continued to spread rapidly worldwide, even in 2021. The COVID-19 outbreak has brought about some changes in influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus infections, which were previously the main causes of viral pneumonia. This review discusses the epidemiology of these infectious diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although influenza cases have been substantially decreasing worldwide, RSV infection cases, which had temporarily decreased initially, have started to increase again, and rhinovirus infection cases have been reported to be higher than usual. The authors reviewed the viral interferences among these infections in detail because they could exert considerable effect on epidemiological surveillance data. Based on experimental data, a recent study suggested that the influenza virus could promote SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. A previous study reported that influenza A virus inhibits RSV replication in an animal model. Another recent study revealed that although the replication of rhinovirus is not affected by SARS-CoV-2, the replication of SARS-CoV-2 is inhibited by rhinovirus, indicating that rhinovirus infection protects against SARS-CoV-2. Further studies are required to confirm these findings and evaluate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the activity of these viruses.
COVID-19 Response and Preparedness in the Okayama Prefecture
Authors: Sodeno Miho , Noriyasu Toshiaki ,   Division of Health and Welfare, Okayama Prefectural Government 2-4-6 Uchisange, Okayama, Okayama 700-0824, Japan,   National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
Published: January 2022

In this article, the authors explain how Division of Health and Welfare, the Okayama Prefectural Government, addressed the COVID-19 pandemic by focusing on the public health administration, policies enforcement, and government measures to ease the burden of people and industry, especially the hospital industry.
Impact of COVID-19 on the Employment of and Employment Support for People with Disabilities
Authors: Morimoto Kaede , Hoshii Junko , Masuda Chito , Endo Kana , Sahira Akiko , Yotsumoto Kayano , Hashimoto Takeshi ,   Kansai University of Health Sciences  2-11-1 Kumatoricho Wakaba, Sennangun, Osaka 590-0482, Japan,   Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hyogo, Japan,   Hyogo Prefecture – Hyogo Mental Health Center, Hyogo, Japan,   Arima Kougen Clinic, Hyogo, Japan,   Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,   Heisei Rehabilitation College, Hyogo, Japan
Published: January 2022

The spread of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has had a significant impact on the working population. Companies have been forced to respond to their employees and improve their work environment. In addition to the impact on able-bodied people, there has been a significant one on the employment of people with disabilities. This study reviews the current employment status of people with disabilities during COVID-19 and discusses the changes therein and the role of supporters in light of the changes in work styles during the pandemic. The results of the review indicate that natural disasters such as infectious diseases are difficult to predict, and concrete measures must be taken daily to maintain the safety and security of people with disabilities. People with schizophrenia especially need to prepare in normal times, since not only cognitive functions but also psychological factors will affect their acquisition of skills. Based on the characteristics of disabilities, it is crucial to support people with disabilities in normal times for them to act independently in times of disaster. Considering that natural disasters caused by infectious diseases will continue to occur, we should prepare for remote employment, training, mental health care counseling, and response during ordinary times to protect people with disabilities, along with their supporters, assuming that they may become victims.
Associations Between Psychological Conditions and Social Capital Among Chinese International Students in Japan During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Teng Yuanyuan , Takemoto Keisuke ,   Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University 41 Kawauchi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8576, Japan,   Department of Physical Therapy, Aino University, Osaka, Japan
Published: January 2022

This study investigated the psychological conditions of Chinese international students in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the association between different forms of social capital and psychological outcomes (i.e., worries about being infected, subjective wellbeing, loneliness, and psychological coping responses). In our study, different forms of social capital refer to bonding social capital originating from host national and co-national networks, bridging social capital, and maintained social capital. A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in January 2021. Our results demonstrated that the effects of social capital on psychological conditions differed according to its form. Worries about being infected, loneliness, and negative coping had negative associations with bonding social capital originating from host national network, but no associations with bonding social capital originating from co-national network, bridging social capital, and maintained social capital. Subjective wellbeing had a positive relationship with social capital originating from host national network and bridging social capital. Positive coping was only significantly associated with bridging social capital. To help international students cope better with the pandemic, efforts are required to strengthen their host national networks and expand their weak-tie networks.
Building Disaster Resilience amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Transdisciplinary Approach for Decision Making
Authors: Inoue Masashi , Arakida Masaru , Paudyal Youb Raj , Razak Khamarrul Azahari , Tsao Ting-Chi , Ghosh Chandan , Ladbrook Warren , Takeuchi Kuniyoshi , Ishiwatari Mikio ,   Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc. 5-33-11 Honcho, Nakano, Tokyo 164-8601, Japan,   , inoue-ma@ej-hds.co.jp,   Asian Disaster Reduction Center, Hyogo, Japan,   National Reconstruction Authority, Kathmandu, Nepal,   Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Center, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,   Sinotech Engineering Consultants Inc., Taipei, Taiwan,   National Institute of Disaster Management, Delhi, India,   Auxilium Ltd., Queenstown, New Zealand,   University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan,   The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
Published: January 2022

The fact that COVID-19 caused unprecedented challenges for the first time in the human race and eventually rose against all odds in such a short period is a testament to transdisciplinary capacity building. This study analyzes the approaches to disaster management during the pandemic by examining some cases in the Asian region. Managing disasters during a pandemic requires a transdisciplinary approach (TDA), including multi-sectoral coordination, and an interdisciplinary approach based on sound knowledge sharing. The session, in September 2021, in which nine presenters participated, discussed the role of TDA in managing disasters. Through this special session, it was found that the TDA contributed to managing disasters in complex situations, and three characteristics could be identified. First, as per institutional arrangements, case studies show how disaster risk reduction agencies, which had been responding to the expected scale of disasters, have started to respond to multiple different disasters and infectious diseases because of COVID-19. Second, public trust based on sound knowledge and information sharing is essential for promoting multi-stakeholder coordination. Third, information and communication technology utilization was found not only for information sharing and contact-base registration systems on disaster response to COVID-19 but also for monitoring the reconstruction process after a disaster in a remote manner. Further analysis and review will be conducted to develop these evolving practices to build disaster resilience.
More Critical, Less Managerial: Addressing the Managerialist Ideology in Academic Libraries
Authors: Vong Silvia
Published: January 2022

Managerialism is an ideology that presents management as the center of organizations, shifting power and agency away from workers. This ideology allows more control and power to reside at the top of an organization, rather than allowing shared power in decision-making and everyday work. This structure can create inequitable and oppressive work environments that devalue the agency and intelligence of library staff and librarians. Managerialism, while considered an ideology on its own, has been building stronger roots in academic library practices due to influence from neoliberalism in the university environment. While managers can help with achieving organizational goals, it is important to critically examine library management practices to ensure that managers address instances of exclusion and inequity that may arise in these practices. This article introduces managerialism by providing a brief history of management and its expansion. It also identifies academic library practices that have been and continue to be susceptible to managerialist influences, such as consumer surveys, the demand for managers, strategic planning, leadership institutes, and merit pay. The article also provides some suggestions for addressing managerialism in the profession to ensure equity and inclusion are prioritized in library work. This includes practicing critical reflection, embedding critical perspectives in LIS education and training, and introducing critical perspectives on leadership.
ALCOHOL INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN TESTES OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Authors:   Asst. Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Mahe., Kumar K.M Gireesh , V.K Sumesh ,   School of Health Sciences, University of Calicut., V. Rajeswari ,   Asst. Professor, Department of Microbiology, Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Mahe.
Published: January 2022

A study was conducted to evaluate the alcohol induced oxidative Stress (OS) in the testes of experimental animals. Albino rats of Wister stain weighing 200-220 g were used for the study. The experimental groups received 1.6 g of ethanol/kg of body weight/day for 12 weeks. It was observed that alcohol used for a long period caused significant OS in the testes as a result of the generation of Super Oxide (SO) radical due to the alcohol metabolism. A significant reduction in glutathione and increased in barbituric acid reactive substances were observed. SO dismutase activity and glutathione reductase activity decreased significantly in the experimental group.
QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF CRUDE PALM OIL FROM SMALLHOLDERS IN ALEPEDEPARTMENT, SOUTHEAST COTE D IVOIRE
Authors:   Department of Agronomy and Forestry, Training and Research Unit of Agronomic, Forest and Environnemental Engineering, Man Polytechnic University, P.O. Box 20, Man, Cote dIvoire., Mohamed Anderson Yeo , Gilles Leonce Niamketchi ,   La Me Research Station for Palm Oil, National Centre for Agronomic Research (CNRA), 01 P.O. Box1740, Abidjan 01, Cote dIvoire., Pierre Martial thierry Akely ,   Department of Sciences and Technologies, Advanced Teachers Training College of Abidjan (ENS), 08 P.O. Box 10 Abidjan 08, Cote dIvoire., Amoin Georgette Konan ,   Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agriculture and Valorisation of Biological Ressources, Training andResearch Unit of Biosciences, Felix HouphouÃ«t-Boigny University, 22 P.O. Box 582, Abidjan 22, CotedIvoire.
Published: January 2022

Chemical quality of crude palm oil (CPO) processed by smallholders and small-scale, artisanal producersin Alepe, Southeast department of Cote dIvoire is investigated. A total of 90 palm oil samples were collected in6 localities from five producerswomen each. Parameters measured included: moisture content (MC), impurity content (IC), free fatty acid (FFA), iodine value (IV), saponification value (SV), peroxide value (PV), para-anisidine value (p-AV), total oxidation (Totox), deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI) and total carotenoids (TC). Results revealed that all samples produced in Alepedepartment exhibited higher levels in MC(0.29-0.35%), IC (0.54-0.67%), FFA (10.70-17.27 %) and lower level DOBI (0.83-1.61) in comparison torecommended standards. IV, SV and PV levels recorded were within the stipulated standards except for MontezoPV (17.65 Â± 1.38 mEq/kg) level above the above the acceptable limit. Whilep-AV, Totox and TC ranged from 2.61-15.86, 11.38-41.39 and 318 to 616 mg/kg levels, respectively.The high values of FFA and moisture recorded wereabove recommended limits due the chosen processing methods.
LUNG ULTRASOUND AS AN EMERGENCY TRIAGE TOOL IN PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH COVID-19
Authors:   CHU Mohammeded VI Marrakech., Hamzaoui H.El , Abourida Y. ,   CHU Mohammeded VI Marrakech., Rhezali M.El ,   CHU Mohammeded VI Marrakech., Abouelhassan T. ,   CHU Mohammeded VI Marrakech., Chajai I. ,   CHU Mohammeded VI Marrakech.
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 is a widespread disease in 2020. The goal of this study is to determine the sonographic characteristics of 105 individuals brought to the ER with COVID-19. Lung Ultrasound was performed by two doctors on each patient then compared to CT Scan Findings. Our study found that Lung ultrasound is a good tool for identifying patients at higher risk of clinical deterioration, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation and mortality. Lung ultrasound can be used in settings where CT Scan is not available.
A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY TO ESTIMATE THE PREVALENCE OF PREHYPERTENSION AMONG MBBS STUDENTS
Authors:   Senior Resident, Department Of Community Medicine, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab., Dhingra Neha , Dube Salil ,   Professor & Head, Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College Pali, Rajasthan., Purohit Ritu ,   Professor & Head, Department of Physiology, Government Medical College Pali, Rajasthan.
Published: January 2022

Context: Blood Pressure guidelines to pre-hypertension defines it as systolic blood pressure of 120-139mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of 80-89mmHg in adults. Aim: To estimate the burden of prehypertension among MBBS Students admitted at Tertiary care centre in India. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted at tertiary care centre in India, among 350 MBBS students (academic year 2015-2018) and 50 interns (academic year 2014) of Maharaja Agrasen Medical College (MAMC), Agroha, Hisar, Haryana. Blood pressure of all subjects was measured. A total of three readings were recorded and the lowest of three readings was taken. Statistical analysis: Data was entered into MS excel sheet and prevalence was calculated accordingly. Results: The overall prevalence of prehypertension among MBBS students came out to be 44.25%, while none of the study subject was hypertensive in this study. The students hailed from urban and rural background. It was seen that maximum prevalence (52%) of prehypertension was among third year MBBS students. Conclusion: Subjects at risk of pre hypertension need proper evaluation and appropriate management to prevent serious, long term complications. If the rise in BP with age could be prevented or diminished, much of hypertension, cardiovascular, renal diseases and stroke might be prevented.
SIMULATION OF THE OKRA DRYING PROCESS IN A SOLAR TOWER DRYER
Authors:   Higher School of Engineering (ESI), University of Fada NGourma, Fada NGourma, Burkina Faso., Wende Pouire Ouedraogo Germain ,   Laboratory of Renewable Thermal Energies, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso., Kabore Boureima ,   Laboratory of Research in Energetic and Space Meteorology, University Norbert ZONGO, Koudougou, Burkina Faso.,   Laboratory of Renewable Thermal Energies, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso., Bado Nebon ,   Laboratory of Renewable Thermal Energies, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso., Zoma Vincent ,   Laboratory of Renewable Thermal Energies, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso., Kam Sie ,   Laboratory of Renewable Thermal Energies, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso., Joseph Bathiebo Dieudonne ,   Laboratory of Renewable Thermal Energies, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Published: January 2022

This work presents the simulation of the drying air flow in a solar tower dryer as well as the okra drying process with FORTRAN software. The explicit Euler method was used for solving the heat transfer and mass transfer equations. The heat transfer equations reflect the flow of hot air from the manifold and directed into the drying chamber, while the mass transfer equations reflect the removal of moisture from the fresh product through the exchange of heat. This simulation gives an idea of â€‹â€‹the heat input received by the air after it enters the dryer manifold and then its action on the product to be dried. This is how we were able to determine the different variations in air temperature within the dryer, the variations in temperature and humidity of the product as well as the drying time of the product.
ENDO CROWN: AN APPROACH FOR RESTORING ENDODONTICALLY TREATED RIGHT MANDIBULAR FIRST MOLARS WITH LARGE CORONAL DESTRUCTION- A CASE REPORT
Authors:   M.D.S. Student, Department Of Conservative Dentistry And Endodontics, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College And Hospital, Visnagar, Gujarat, India., P. Joshi Vishwesh , Rawtiya Manjusha ,   Professor, Department Of Conservative Dentistry And Endodontics, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College And Hospital, Visnagar, Gujarat, India., Attur Kailash ,   Head Of Department And Professor, Department Of Conservative Dentistry And Endodontics, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College And Hospital, Visnagar, Gujarat, India., Patel Nikunj ,   Reader, Department Of Conservative Dentistry And Endodontics, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College And Hospital, Visnagar, Gujarat, India., Gurjar Pawan ,   M.D.S. Student, Department Of Conservative Dentistry And Endodontics, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College And Hospital, Visnagar, Gujarat, India., D. Soni Switi ,   M.D.S. Student, Department Of Conservative Dentistry And Endodontics, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College And Hospital, Visnagar, Gujarat, India., Jasani Pooja ,   M.D.S. Student, Department Of Conservative Dentistry And Endodontics, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College And Hospital, Visnagar, Gujarat, India., Shah Priyal ,   M.D.S. Student, Department Of Conservative Dentistry And Endodontics, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College And Hospital, Visnagar, Gujarat, India.
Published: January 2022

Rehabilitation of endodontically treated molar stilla challenge. After endodontic management of extensively carious molars, theyhave decreased mechanical characteristics. They became fragile and that is in relation with the removal of pulp and adjacent dentin tissues. Endocrown which is a single partial restoration could be measured as a good alternative for restoring molars having large coronal destruction and presenting endodontic treatment complications. We discuss the indication and use of endocrown to substitute single crowns with intraradicular retention and to present a clinical case report of an endocrown-type restoration, made-up from lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.Max CAD) in a mandibular first molar with widespread coronal destruction.
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SNAKE AND LADDER GAME ON THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING ORAL HYGIENE AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN IN ALCHEMY PUBLIC SCHOOL, COIMBATORE
Authors:   PG student, PPG College of Nursing,Coimbatore - 35., Steffy Kiruba N. , Jeyabarathi K. ,   M.Sc. (N). Ph.D. Recognized PhD guide- The Tamilnadu Dr. MGR medical university Chennai, Professor cum head of Child Health Nursing department, PPG College of Nursing, Coimbatore - 35.
Published: January 2022

Objectives: a) To assess the level of knowledge regarding oral hygiene among school children in experimental group and control group. b) To provide snake and ladder game on oral hygiene among school children in experimental group. c) To assess the effectiveness of snake and ladder game on the level of knowledge regarding oral hygiene among school children in experimental group. d) To compare the pre-test and post test score in experimental and control group. e) To associate the post-test level of knowledge regarding oral hygiene among school children in experimental and control group with their selected demographic variable. Methodology: Research approach: Experimental. Research Design: Descriptive design. Research Settings: study will be conducted at selected alchemy school. Population: children 6 to 8 years of age those who are studying in selected alchemy school. Sample size: 60 students. Sample technique: purposive sampling technique. Result: inferential and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the values. The obtained mean value in post test score was 20.37 in experimental group. And the calculated paired t test value was 16.06 in experimental group. Significant at (p<0.5) There is a significant association between the experimental group in age of the children, class of studying, sources of information, education of father and education of mother in the post-test level of knowledge regarding oral hygiene among children. Conclusion: The study findings the revealed that the effectiveness of snake and ladder game on improving the level of knowledge regarding oral hygiene especially among school children was respective they have learn through the play way method.