bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kawasaki Disease and Atopic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Wang Zihan , Zhang Jintao , Yan Hao , Dong Liang
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The etiology of Kawasaki disease (KD), an inflammatory and cardiovascular disorder, remains largely unexplained after more than 50 years of intensive research. In recent years, the association between KD and atopic diseases had been explored by some observational studies. We systematically reviewed and summarized the literature on the relationship between KD and atopic diseases. Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched to identify observational studies on the association between KD and atopic diseases from inception to May 2021. Odds ratio (OR) was pooled using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 and Cochran Q statistics. Primary outcomes were to compare the prevalence of KD among individuals with atopic diseases to nonatopic disease controls and the prevalence of atopic diseases among individuals with KD to non-KD controls. Results: Thirteen studies, including 12,651 cases and 170,708 controls, were included in this meta-analysis. In cross-sectional studies, KD was associated with allergic rhinitis (n = 6; OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.52–1.87), asthma (n = 3; OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.38–2.14), allergic conjunctivitis (n = 2; OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.68–2.27), and atopic dermatitis (n = 3; OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.22–1.49). In case-control and cohort studies, KD was associated with allergic rhinitis (n = 3; OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.28–1.43), asthma (n = 8; OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.19–1.65), allergic conjunctivitis (n = 1; OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.45–2.09), and atopic dermatitis (n = 3; OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.26–1.53). Conclusion: KD diagnosed was associated with four common atopic diseases. Among the four allergic diseases, allergic conjunctivitis and asthma have the highest correlation with KD, which may provide a direction for exploring the etiology of KD.
First-Line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Based Sequential Therapies for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Rationale for Future Trials
Authors: Cabibbo Giuseppe , Reig Maria , Celsa Ciro , Torres Ferran , Battaglia Salvatore , Enea Marco , Rizzo Giacomo Emanuele Maria , Petta Salvatore , Calvaruso Vincenza , Di Marco Vito , Craxì Antonio , Singal Amit G. , Bruix Jordi , Cammà Calogero
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Atezolizumab (ATEZO) plus bevacizumab (BEVA) represents the new standard of care for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the choice of the second-line treatment after the failure of immunotherapy-based first-line remains elusive. Taking into account the weaknesses of the available evidence, we developed a simulation model based on available phase III randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to identify optimal risk/benefit sequential strategies. Methods: A Markov model was built to estimate the overall survival (OS) of sequential first- and second-line systemic treatments. Sequences starting with first-line ATEZO plus BEVA followed by 5 second-line treatments (sorafenib [SORA], lenvatinib [LENVA], regorafenib, cabozantinib, and ramucirumab) were compared. The probability of transition between states (initial treatment, cancer progression, and death) was derived from RCTs. Life-year gained (LYG) was the main outcome. Rates of severe adverse events (SAEs) (≥ grade 3) were calculated. The incremental safety-effectiveness ratio (ISER) was calculated as the difference in probability of SAEs divided by LYG between the 2 most effective sequences. Results: ATEZO plus BEVA followed by LENVA (median OS, 24 months) or SORA (median OS, 23 months) was the most effective sequence, producing a LYG of 0.50 and 0.42 year, respectively. ATEZO plus BEVA followed by SORA was the safest sequence (SAEs 63%). At a willingness-to-risk threshold of 10% of SAEs for LYG, ATEZO plus BEVA followed by second-line SORA was favored in 72% of cases, while at a threshold of 30% of SAEs for LYG, ATEZO plus BEVA followed by second-line LENVA was favored in 69% of cases. Conclusion: Our simulation model provides a strong rationale to support ongoing trials evaluating second-line tyrosine-kinase inhibitors after first-line ATEZO plus BEVA. Future evidence from ongoing RCTs and prospective real-world studies are needed to prove the net health benefit of sequential treatment options for advanced HCC.
Activation of the Organum Vasculosum of the Lamina Terminalis Produces a Sympathetically Mediated Hypertension
Authors: Stocker Sean D. , Wenner Megan M. , Farquhar William B. , Browning Kirsteen N.
Published: November 2021

Neurons in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) sense extracellular NaCl and angiotensin II concentrations to regulate body fluid homeostasis and arterial blood pressure. Lesion of the anteroventral third ventricular region or OVLT attenuates multiple forms of neurogenic hypertension. However, the extent by which OVLT neurons directly regulate sympathetic nerve activity to produce hypertension is not known. Therefore, the present study tested this hypothesis by using a multi-faceted approach including optogenetics, single-unit and multifiber nerve recordings, and chemogenetics. First, optogenetic activation of OVLT neurons in conscious Sprague-Dawley rats (250–400 g) produced frequency-dependent increases in arterial blood pressure and heart rate. These responses were not altered by the vasopressin receptor antagonist (β-mercapto-β,β-cyclopentamethylenepropionyl1,O-me-Tyr2,Arg8)–vasopressin but eliminated by the ganglionic blocker chlorisondamine. Second, optogenetic activation of OVLT neurons significantly elevated renal, splanchnic, and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity. Third, single-unit recordings revealed optogenetic activation of the OVLT significantly increased the discharge of bulbospinal, sympathetic neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. Lastly, chronic chemogenetic activation of OVLT neurons for 7 days significantly increased 24-hour fluid intake and mean arterial blood pressure. When the 24-hour fluid intake was clamped at baseline intakes, chemogenetic activation of OVLT neurons still produced a similar increase in arterial blood pressure. Neurogenic pressor activity assessed by the ganglionic blocker chlorisondamine was greater at 7 days of OVLT activation versus baseline. Collectively, these findings indicate that acute or chronic activation of OVLT neurons produces a sympathetically mediated hypertension.
Multiple Brain Sources Are Differentially Engaged in the Inhibition of Distinct Action Types
Authors: Hervault Mario , Zanone Pier-Giorgio , Buisson Jean-Christophe , Huys Raoul
Published: November 2021

Most studies contributing to identify the brain network for inhibitory control have investigated the cancelation of prepared–discrete actions, thus focusing on an isolated and short-lived chunk of human behavior. Aborting ongoing–continuous actions is an equally crucial ability but remains little explored. Although discrete and ongoing–continuous rhythmic actions are associated with partially overlapping yet largely distinct brain activations, it is unknown whether the inhibitory network operates similarly in both situations. Thus, distinguishing between action types constitutes a powerful means to investigate whether inhibition is a generic function. We, therefore, used independent component analysis (ICA) of EEG data and show that canceling a discrete action and aborting a rhythmic action rely on independent brain components. The ICA showed that a delta/theta power increase generically indexed inhibitory activity, whereas N2 and P3 ERP waves did so in an action-specific fashion. The action-specific components were generated by partially distinct brain sources, which indicates that the inhibitory network is engaged differently when canceling a prepared–discrete action versus aborting an ongoing–continuous action. In particular, increased activity was estimated in precentral gyri and posterior parts of the cingulate cortex for action canceling, whereas an enhanced activity was found in more frontal gyri and anterior parts of the cingulate cortex for action aborting. Overall, the present findings support the idea that inhibitory control is differentially implemented according to the type of action to revise.
Can Remote Virtual Simulation Improve Practice-Based Training? Presence and Performance in Incident Commander Education
Authors: Hammar Wijkmark Cecilia , Heldal Ilona , Metallinou Maria-Monika
Published: November 2021

An incident commander (IC) is expected to take command in any incident to mitigate consequences for humans, property, and the environment. To prepare for this, practice-based training in realistic simulated situations is necessary. Usually this is conducted in live simulation (LS) at dedicated (physical) training grounds or in virtual simulation (VS) situations at training centers, where all participants are present at the same geographical space. COVID-19-induced restrictions on gathering of people motivated the development and use of remote virtual simulation (RVS) solutions. This article aims to provide an increased understanding of the implementation of RVS in the education of Fire Service ICs in Sweden. Data from observations, questionnaires, and interviews were collected during an RVS examination of two IC classes (43 participants) following an initial pilot study (8 participants). Experienced training values, presence, and performance were investigated. The results indicated that students experienced higher presence in RVS, compared with previous VS studies. This is likely due to the concentration of visual attention to the virtual environment and well-acted verbal counterplay. Although all three training methods (LS, VS, and RVS) are valuable, future research is needed to reveal their respective significant compromises, compared with real-life incidents.
The Expressive Value of Prosecuting Aged Defendants: A Rebuke of Ageism
Authors: Fisher Kirsten J.
Published: November 2021

A common normative justification for criminal trials is their expressive value. The prosecution of aged defendants, especially those with deteriorating health, seemingly presents new expressive challenges, where the value of judging and punishing past wrongs seems to conflict with sympathies for the elderly, the seeming futility of prosecuting individuals who are unlikely to serve much of a sentence if convicted, and the seeming cruelty of putting the frail/ill through lengthy and taxing trials. Drawing from philosophical literature on respect for persons and the morality of aged-based differential treatment, this paper argues that deciding not to prosecute would be a communicative disservice to the old—defendants, living victims and those left behind, and other aged individuals within a society—by treating the aged as less agentic or as if their past lives and past actions, admirable or detestable, should no longer be associated with them, nor praised or condemned.
Later Rather Than Sooner: Time and Its Effects on the Karadžić and Mladić Trials
Authors: Vukušić Iva
Published: November 2021

Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić, the war-time Bosnian Serb leaders, were first indicted by the UN Hague-based International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in 1995. The two hid for many years, with their trials starting only in 2009 and 2012, respectively, after they were apprehended in headline-generating operations. Their continued evasion of trial was constantly critiqued. After all, thousands were killed, tortured, detained, raped, expelled, and robbed during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and these two men were widely seen as responsible. Pleas were made by survivors and frustration expressed on behalf of the victims, as many said, ‘justice delayed is justice denied’. However, as this article shows, the many years the two high-ranking individuals spent hiding were well-used to collect evidence which led to their convictions and life sentences. Contrary to conventional wisdom, delay can actually be beneficial in prosecuting leaders for atrocity crimes.
Courtroom 600: The (Virtual) Reality of Being There
Authors: Vos Renske , Stolk Sofia
Published: November 2021

Although at least some of the concern with prosecuting aged defendants seems to lie with defendants not quite looking the part, reviews of historic Court buildings come out the other end with allusions to eminence, authenticity, tradition, history and gravitas. Exemplary is the Courtroom 600 Project, a vr experience of the Nuremberg Trials set in a virtual rendition of the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg. Courtroom 600 remains today one of the major material referents in the histories of international law, representing the symbolic birthplace of International Criminal Law. The attraction of the Court moreover is such that the building has come to offer, as we would say, a legal sightseeing point of interest. In this piece, we pick up on the Courtroom 600 Project as capitalising on the interest with visiting the place ‘where it happened’, and pushing the boundaries of experiencing ‘being there’, where it happened.
‘The Court is Accommodating our Murderers’: Prosecuting Aged Defendants in Domestic Courts in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Karcic Hikmet
Published: November 2021

Although the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina ended a quarter of a century ago, a large number of war crimes suspects are still being prosecuted. One of the visible issues arising in domestic courts are aged defendants, whose trials are delayed due to old age and illness. The aim of this article is to give an overview of case law and analyze the process of prosecuting aged defendants at the War Crimes Chamber within the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which carries the largest workload of war crimes cases in the region. This article focuses on two main aspects: portrayal of these cases in the media and the legal reasoning of the court.
Of Old Men, Country Clubs, and Atrocities: The Visualities and Externalities of Detaining Elderly Human Rights Violators in Chile
Authors: Davidson Caroline
Published: November 2021

This article explores a pair of powerful but competing symbols in the Chilean human transitional justice process: ‘pobres viejitos’ (poor little old men) and country club prisons. The symbol of the ‘pobres viejitos’ is used very effectively by conservative elements of Chilean society to argue the futility or even inhumanity of punishing perpetrators of human right violations so long after the commission of their crimes. In turn, to victims and more liberal segments of society, the country club or ‘five star’ prison for human rights violators stands as a symbol of impunity and the failure of the Chilean state to do justice for the crimes of the dictatorship. This article examines the power of these symbols in undermining support for transitional justice efforts, as well as the externalities of the debate. The fate of the ‘pobres viejitos’ and whether to release the from even their relatively comfortable places of confinement has bled into debates on penal reform for other elderly prisoners. This mostly negative externality suggests the need for international and regional courts (or countries not in the throes of transitional justice processes, particularly delayed ones) to lead the way on the articulation of human rights norms related to the trial and punishment of elderly prisoners.
An Age-Old Question: Optical (A)llusions, (In)Decency, and (In)Justice in the Trial of Japanese War Criminals
Authors: Sedgwick James Burnham
Published: November 2021

Timing complicates all dimensions of post conflict redress. Moving too fast suggests prejudice. Going too slow delays accountability and closure. This paper challenges the temporal logic of international justice. The prosecution of aged defendants created aesthetical dilemmas for war crimes operations in post-World War ii Asia. The unsettling optical allusions of frail perpetrators in court — shadows of their former selves — left many observers conflicted: it looked indecent, it felt unjust and underwhelming. The unseemly punishment of weak defendants undercut prosecution attempts to brand perpetrators as monsters. Disappointed reporters and trial authorities fixated on the shabby dress, waning physique, and benign senescence of once-sinister villains. Few questioned the accused’s guilt. Many felt unnerved by the optics. Ultimately, this paper shows how the staging and performance of justice impacts a court’s effectiveness. Unrelenting accountability, bringing all war criminals to justice, feels right. Yet, the aesthetic complications of prosecuting aged accused may not be worth it.
‘Crush! Crush! Crush!’: Towards a Finished Story of Pol Pot’s Trial and Death?
Authors: Benzaquen-Gautier Stéphanie
Published: November 2021

To this day, the trial of Pol Pot in July 1997 in Anlong Veng remains an underexplored topic, possibly because it is seen as a parody of justice organised by a rival Khmer Rouge faction. Images of the event show an old and fragile man who has to be supported by guards to the meeting hall. Drawing on anthropologist Ashley Thompson’s study of the ‘substitute body of the king’, the paper examines the corporeal strategies at play in the trial and in the display and cremation of Pol Pot’s body in April 1998. Using a range of materials (articles in media, pictures, videos, and artworks), it brings into conversation ‘forensic aesthetics’, performance theory, and contemporary visual arts to investigate the role of Pol Pot’s body as a political tool in the troubled context of post-transition Cambodia.
Fairness in Machine Learning: Against False Positive Rate Equality as a Measure of Fairness
Authors: Long Robert
Published: November 2021

As machine learning informs increasingly consequential decisions, different metrics have been proposed for measuring algorithmic bias or unfairness. Two popular “fairness measures” are calibration and equality of false positive rate. Each measure seems intuitively important, but notably, it is usually impossible to satisfy both measures. For this reason, a large literature in machine learning speaks of a “fairness tradeoff” between these two measures. This framing assumes that both measures are, in fact, capturing something important. To date, philosophers have seldom examined this crucial assumption, and examined to what extent each measure actually tracks a normatively important property. This makes this inevitable statistical conflict – between calibration and false positive rate equality – an important topic for ethics. In this paper, I give an ethical framework for thinking about these measures and argue that, contrary to initial appearances, false positive rate equality is in fact morally irrelevant and does not measure fairness.
A Puzzle of Enforceability: Why do Moral Duties Differ in their Enforceability?
Authors: Barry Christian , McTernan Emily
Published: November 2021

When someone is poised to fail to fulfil a moral duty, we can respond in a variety of ways. We might remind them of their duty, or seek to persuade them through argument. Or we might intervene forcibly to ensure that they act in accordance with their duty. Some duties appear to be such that the duty-bearer can be liable to forcible interference when this is necessary to ensure that they comply with them. We’ll call duties that carry such liabilities enforcement-apt. Not all duties seem to be enforcement-apt. Some, for example, accept that a person in a monogamous marriage has a moral duty to refrain from infidelity, but deny that a spouse can be compelled to comply with their duty to be faithful without transgressing her rights. More controversially, some think that our duties to assist others in severe need are not enforcement-apt. What could explain the contrast between duties that are enforcement-apt while and those that are not? We’ll call this the puzzle of enforceability and our paper considers three broad strategies for responding to it. The first strategy takes the form of identifying some substantive feature or features that are necessary and/or sufficient for a duty to possess some enforcement status. We consider a range of candidate explanations of this sort but find that none are plausible. The second strategy rejects the idea that there are genuinely enforcement-inapt duties and instead seeks to explain why there can nonetheless be marked differences amongst duties concerning how they can be enforced and who can enforce them. We find that this strategy too is largely unsuccessful. The third strategy offered seeks an explanation of differences in enforcement status by appeal to the broader social costs of enforcing certain kinds of duties. We find that this approach holds some promise but note that it requires adopting a controversial set of moral commitments. We conclude by considering our options in the absence of a solution to our puzzle.
The Lycopodiaceae of Panamá
Authors: ØLLGAARD BENJAMIN , TESTO WESTON
Published: November 2021

The present paper provides keys to the genera and species of Lycopodiaceae for 6 genera and 40 species recorded from Panamá. The treatment includes nomenclature, descriptions of species and information about distribution and habitats, and notes on problems of species delimitation and infraspecific variation. All species are illustrated, and representative specimens are cited.
Stressful Life Events, Differential Vulnerability, and Depressive Symptoms: Critique and New Evidence
Authors: Anderson Lewis R. , Monden Christiaan W.S. , Bukodi Erzsébet
Published: November 2021

Depressive symptoms are disproportionately high among women and less educated individuals. One mechanism proposed to explain this is the differential vulnerability hypothesis—that these groups experience particularly strong increases in symptoms in response to stressful life events. We identify limitations to prior work and present evidence from a new approach to life stress research using the UK Household Longitudinal Study. Preliminarily, we replicate prior findings of differential vulnerability in between-individual models. Harnessing repeated measures, however, we show that apparent findings of differential vulnerability by both sex and education are artifacts of confounding. Men and women experience similar average increases in depressive symptoms after stressful life events. One exception is tentative evidence for a stronger association among women for events occurring to others in the household. We term this the “female vulnerability to network events” hypothesis and discuss with reference to Kessler and McLeod’s related “cost of caring” hypothesis.
‘In the night kitchen’: Gender, identity and artisanal work
Authors: Lewis Kate V
Published: November 2021

Using the theoretical lens of identity work, the objective of the article is to explore how the identity of an entrepreneurial, female, artisan food producer is constructed and enacted. Emphasis is given to a gendered examination of how artisan and entrepreneur as facets of identity co-exist, compete or integrate. The article relies on a phenomenologically oriented case study that comprises numerous sources including primary data from multiple, in-depth, interviews. The data are used to examine identity work undertaken by the case subject across the following categories: dramaturgical, socio-cognitive, psycho-dynamic, discursive and symbolic. The article makes a modest contribution to furthering understanding of the female entrepreneurial identity from a novel perspective.
Impact of social media sentiments in stock market predictions: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Garg Deepshi , Tiwari Prakash
Published: November 2021

The main objective of the paper is to anticipate a bibliometric analysis of the research on stock market prediction using social media sentiments. The study has taken out a total of 1450 documents from the year Jan 2010 to Dec 2020. This study attempts to identify a significant journal that has maximum documents, most prolific author, most cited papers, countries, institutions, co-authorship network analysis map, inter-country co-authorship network analysis map, and keyword occurrences. The study has used the Scopus database for analyzing the large set of data of research papers that are counted in the study. And the VOSviewer software is used for generating the maps such as co-authorship analysis network map and keyword occurrence network.
Knowledge Sharing through Social Networking Sites (SNSs): A Study of Pakistani Research Students
Authors: Hashmi Farhana Saeed , Soroya Saira Hanif , Mahmood Khalid
Published: November 2021

The present study investigated the knowledge-sharing behavior of library and information management researchers, using the lens of the theory of planned behavior. The study is quantitative and adopted a survey questionnaire as a data collection technique. The snowball sampling technique was considered suitable to recruit respondents to the study. Data were analyzed with the help of SPSS (20.0) and the ADANCO (2.0.1). The research findings confirm that subjective norms and perceived behavioral control have a significant impact on intentions to share knowledge, whereas knowledge sharing intentions have a statistically significant positive impact on knowledge sharing behavior through SNS among postgraduate students. Attitude towards knowledge sharing directly triggers knowledge sharing practices through social media networking sites. Intentions to share knowledge do not mediate the relationship of attitude and knowledge sharing behavior. The theory of planned behavior has widely been used to measure knowledge-sharing behavior in different sectors. However, the relationship between attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, intentions to share knowledge within the domain of social media is explored first time in this study, particularly in the context of the library and information science post-graduate students.
Tumor enhancement ratio with unenhanced imaging is an independent prognostic factor for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolization
Authors: Yang Xi-Yuan , Deng Jiang-Bei , An Tian-Zhi , Zhou Shi , Li Jun-Xiang
Published: November 2021

Objective

To investigative whether the odds tumor enhancement ratio (OTER) on cross-sectional imaging is a prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Methods

This study involved 126 patients who underwent TACE from May 2015 to March 2019. The signal intensity/Hounsfield units (HU) was measured by placing regions of interest on the tumor and surrounding liver in unenhanced and arterial-phase contrast-enhanced cross-sectional images. The OTER was calculated as follows: OTER = (HUTUMORart − HUTUMORun)/ (HULIVERart − HULIVERun). Univariate analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with overall survival (OS). Variables with a P value of <0.10 were included in the multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Results

The median OS was 757 days. Tumors with a peripheral location, small size, and low OTER had better OS than those with a central location, large size, and high OTER. OS did not differ according to the extent of tumor involvement or tumor enhancement pattern. The OTER, tumor location, and size were included in the multivariate Cox regression analysis. A low OTER was the predictor of better OS.

Conclusion

A high OTER is a risk factor for poor OS in patients undergoing TACE. This should be taken into consideration before the procedure.
APACHE IV system helps to determine role of cholecystostomy in elderly patients with acute cholecystitis
Authors: Jiang Hua , Guo Guo , Yao Zhimin , Wang Yuehua
Published: November 2021

Objective

Cholecystostomy is a palliative treatment for patients unfit to undergo immediate cholecystectomy. Nevertheless, the role of cholecystostomy in the clinical management of such patients remains unclear. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV (APACHE IV) scoring system is useful for estimating the hospital mortality of high-risk patients. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of cholecystostomy by the APACHE IV scoring system in patients aged >65 years with acute cholecystitis.

Methods

In total, 597 patients aged >65 years with acute cholecystitis were retrospectively analyzed using APACHE IV scores.

Results

The fitness of the APACHE IV score prediction was good, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.894. The chi square independence test indicated that compared with conservative treatment, cholecystostomy may have different effects on mortality for patients whose estimated mortality rate was >10%. Comparison of the estimated mortality of patients before and after cholecystostomy indicated that the estimated mortality was significantly lower after than before puncture, both in the whole patient group and in the group with an estimated mortality of >10%.

Conclusion

The APACHE IV scoring system showed that cholecystostomy is a safe and effective treatment for elderly high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis.
Cotyloid Fossa Coverage Percentages May Be Associated With Alpha Angle, Labral Tear, and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Murata Yoichi , Pierpoint Lauren , DeClercq Madeleine , Lockard Carly , Martin Maitland , Fukase Naomasa , Soares Rui , Quinn Patrick , Ho Charles P. , Uchida Soshi , Philippon Marc J.
Published: November 2021

Background:

Within the hip joint, the anatomy of the acetabulum and cotyloid fossa is well established. There is little literature describing the association between the size of the cotyloid fossa relative to the acetabulum and characteristics of patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to calculate the cotyloid fossa coverage percentage in the acetabulum and determine its association with patient characteristics, radiographic parameters, intra-articular findings, and preoperative patient-reported outcomes in patients with FAI. We hypothesized there is an association between the cotyloid fossa coverage percentage of the acetabulum and characteristics of patients with FAI.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients were included who underwent standard clinical 3-T magnetic resonance imaging of the hip and primary arthroscopic FAI correction surgery during 2015 and 2016. Exclusion criteria were age <18 or >40 years, osteoarthritis, labral reconstruction, previous ipsilateral hip surgery, and hip dysplasia. Measurements of the cotyloid fossa and surrounding lunate cartilage were performed to calculate cotyloid fossa width (CFW) and cotyloid fossa height (CFH) coverage percentages. The relationships between coverage percentages and patient characteristics and intraoperative findings were assessed using independent t tests or Pearson correlations.

Results:

An overall 146 patients were included. Alpha angle negatively correlated with CFH coverage percentage ( r = −0.19; P = .03) and positively correlated with labral tear size ( r = 0.28; P < .01). CFH coverage percentage was negatively correlated with labral tear size ( r = −0.24; P < .01). Among patients with degenerative tears, CFH was negatively correlated with labral tear size ( r = −0.31; P < .01). However, this association was no longer significant after adjusting for sex (partial r = −0.10; P = .39). Cotyloid fossa coverage was not associated with the condition of the cotyloid fossa synovium (synovitis vs no synovitis). CFW coverage percentage was negatively correlated with the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) physical component summary score ( r = −0.23; P < .01).

Conclusion:

The CFW and CFH coverage percentages may be associated with alpha angle, labral tear size, and SF-12 physical component summary score in patients with FAI. We may be able to predict the labral condition based on preoperative measurements of CFH and CFW coverage percentages.
Straight-line path-following control for roll-out phase of the equipped-skid aircraft
Authors: Liang Taotao , Yin Qiaozhi , Wei Xiaohui
Published: November 2021

The paper deals with straight-line path-following control design for the aircraft equipped with skid landing gears. First, a simple yet accurate on-ground aircraft model is established, which takes into account the effects of the aerodynamic and ground forces. To improve the directional stability of the aircraft during the roll-out phase, a novel skid with variable friction coefficients is proposed. Second, the path-following problem is converted to the attitude control problem by constructing a guiding vector field that generates the commanded course, and then an improved error function is proposed to manage the trade-off between the convergence rate and the strong lateral maneuvers. To achieve a good performance in path following, the incremental nonlinear control allocation is applied to make full use of three available actuators (nose wheel, variable friction skid, and rudder). The expected path here is the runway centerline so as to avoid runway excursions. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the path-following control are validated on different initial conditions. Results show that the proposed skid structure and control scheme are propitious to enhancing the resistance to crosswind. Moreover, the maximum lateral displacement during the path-following process decreases, especially in the low-speed region.
Is There Opportunity Without Stakeholders? A Stakeholder Theory Critique and Development of Opportunity-Actualization
Authors: Ramoglou Stratos , Zyglidopoulos Stelios , Papadopoulou Foteini
Published: November 2021

How can stakeholder theory contribute to opportunity theory? We suggest that stakeholder theory affords appropriate theoretical lenses for grounding the opportunity-actualization perspective more firmly within the real-world constraints of business venturing. Actualization departs from a strong focus on entrepreneurial agency to conceptualize how pre-existing environmental conditions determine what entrepreneurial action can achieve. We explain that stakeholder theory can strengthen the outward-looking orientation of actualization by (1) bringing the entirety of stakeholders centre-stage, beyond a narrow focus on market stakeholders, and (2) stressing the importance of noneconomic considerations for the actualization of economic opportunities. Our theorization culminates in the concept of ‘strategic opportunity thinking’ (SOT). We conceptualize SOT as a way of protecting entrepreneurs from the blind-to-stakeholders mindset that either sleepwalks them into the territory of non-opportunity or prevents them from the actualization of real yet difficult-to-actualize opportunities in the absence of stakeholder-centric thinking.
A Reflective Entrepreneur: Ashok Vasudevan and the Journey of Tastybite
Authors: Shankar Raj K. , Gopalakrishnan Shanthi
Published: November 2021

The literature on entrepreneurship acknowledges that entrepreneurs are both thinkers and doers. While scholars have previously explored entrepreneurs’ cognitions and actions, research on entrepreneurs’ reflective practices remains limited. To stimulate greater scholarly attention on exploring entrepreneurs as reflective practitioners, in this ‘Meet the Person’ article we build on two interviews with the celebrated entrepreneur Ashok Vasudevan. From buying the venture off Unilever and eventually selling it to Mars, Ashok’s journey reflects an entrepreneur’s struggles in growing a venture from an emerging economy (India of the 90s). Tearing down entrepreneurship literature’s stereotypical and mythological lore, Ashok’s journey with Tasty Bite is also a case of why “the” theory of entrepreneurship continues to remain elusive. Three key themes from Ashok’s journey (failure, sustainability, and exit) help highlight the rich possibilities that reflective practice offers to entrepreneurship literature. Implications for the advancement of reflective practice in entrepreneurship research, education, and practice are presented.
Hybrid Concept Analysis of Self-Management Support: School Nurses Supporting Students with Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures
Authors: Tanner Andrea , von Gaudecker Jane , Buelow Janice M. , Miller Wendy R.
Published: November 2021

Self-management support has been identified as an effective nursing intervention for improving outcomes for people with chronic conditions, yet this concept lacks a clear definition. Furthermore, the concept has not been used in school nursing literature despite the clear connection between school nursing practice and tenets of self-management support. Additionally, the concept has not been explored in the context of difficult-to-manage mental health concerns, such as psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. A conversion disorder in which seizure events in the absence of abnormal brainwave activity result from stress, psychogenic nonepileptic seizures affect the quality of life and school experience for students experiencing them and could be addressed through self-management support. This hybrid concept analysis included a review of extant literature and semi-structured interviews with school nurses to ascertain a definition of self-management support in the context of school nursing using care of students with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures as an exemplar.
Assembling things: Warao crafts, trade and tourists
Authors: Sørhaug Christian
Published: November 2021

We tend to give less attention to the process of assembling things when analysing their social life or biography. There is a preconception of things being relatively stable, fixed and inert entities. In this paper, I suggest exploring the ordinary life of things, accounting for the interweaving of the human life with nonhuman materials. The mutual becomings of various entities, both humans and nonhumans, create assemblages that emerge from the interaction between their parts. Assembling things works to conceptualize how mutual entanglements create new possible worldings among a contemporary indigenous group in low land Latin-America. Ethnographically I trace the production process of hammocks and other types of items among the Warao of the Orinoco Delta, Venezuela, and how it entangles different ‘others’ like traders, tourists, missionaries and anthropologists and how these encounters affect the process of assembling things. Assembling things draws attention to how heterogenic component parts construe temporary but stable configurations that partake in people's worldmaking efforts. I use ethnography from the Warao and how their crafts, especially hammocks, become differently as they entangle various assemblages. I investigate three fields of assemblages in order to discern how the human/nonhuman entanglements unfold, namely household, market and museum.
‘This magical place’: Understanding BiCon 2008 as a heterotopic place-event
Authors: Bowes-Catton Helen
Published: November 2021

In this article, I outline findings from a photo-elicitation study of a bisexual community event in the United Kingdom. Participants describe the event as taking place in ‘a separate world’, a ‘portable bubble’ reached by a symbolic journey away from the everyday, within which they can recognise themselves as present-tense bisexual subjects. These framings support a theorisation of BiCon as a heterotopic place-event where the paradox of bisexual subjectivity can be temporarily resolved. Applying the concept of heterotopia to BiCon 2008 allows us to account for the relationship between the ‘magical space’ of BiCon and the spaces of the non-BiCon world. Further, by theorising BiCon 2008 as a place-event ( Pink, 2012 ), we can begin to account for the ways in which the space is produced intersubjectively, through the movements and practices of its constituents.
Belonging in England today: Schools, race, class and policy
Authors: Vincent Carol
Published: November 2021

Drawing on theorized notions of belonging and understandings of citizenship which stress the everyday and affective, I consider aspects of the relationship between educational institutions and belonging through a discussion of two recent research projects. One explores the educational strategies of Black middle-class parents, and the second teachers’ responses to the recent requirement that they promote government-identified national values (the ‘fundamental British values’) in the classroom. I argue that both projects shed light on the differentiated experience of belonging and non-belonging in England today. I conclude by arguing for an understanding of the school as a shared public institution. This understanding highlights the potential of developing in all members of a school community, including parents, a sense of both belonging to the institution and being perceived by others as belonging, as well as a recognition of the legitimacy of claims to belong from ‘other’ students and families. Fostering such mutual recognition can be seen as a ‘quiet’, but potentially powerful, politics.
Segmenting the Bottom of the Pyramid Consumers: Theoretical Approach
Authors: Singh Devinder P. , Paul Justin , Sharma Pooja
Published: November 2021

The Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) market deserves further attention from researchers. The purpose of the paper is to profile the psychographic and behavioral heterogeneity within the BOP market in India employing a theoretical approach. We use constructs of the Theory of planned behavior (TPB) to identify distinct BOP segments. It segments the BOP market in the context of durable goods, non-durable goods, and services. The findings demonstrate the presence of three consumer segments, each of the durable and non-durable goods. In the context of services, the findings show the existence of four segments of BOP consumers. This study offers insights into application of behavioral theories for segmentation, which could help with behavioral change of BOP consumers to use high-quality products and services. Further, it is significant because the BOP market has witnessed a progressive decline in size as a large segment of the BOP market is being transformed into the middle class. Comprehension of the cognitive and behavioral tendencies of each consumer segment would strategically help in retaining the brand loyal BOP customers when they upgrade to the middle class.
Dispersion mechanism and characterization of wood pulp-based wetlaid/spunlace materials
Authors: Zhang Yinjiang , Gu Jiahua , Zhuo Wenting , Zhao Defang , Zou Zhuanyong , Lu Yongqing , Zhu Lifeng
Published: November 2021

Wood pulp-based wetlaid/spunlace (wetlace) materials had an in-use dry or wet strength, but relatively quickly breakdown in municipal sanitization systems without block, such as sewer or septic systems. In order to further study the mechanism and characterization of material dispersion process, the relationship between dispersion time and sample residual rate or dispersion rate was analyzed on the basis of previous research methods. Meanwhile, the crowding factor was introduced for evaluation and the material dispersion mechanism was comprehensively expounded. The dispersion properties of wood pulp-based wetlace materials with different Danufil length-to-diameter (L/D) ratios and contents could be clearly distinguished at the stirring rate of 220 rpm. Meanwhile, the crowding factor was between 14 and 60 when wetlace materials reached dispersion balance, and the increase in crowding factor of wood pulp/Danufil-water dispersion system resulted in increasing the required dispersion time. Overall, the dispersion process could be divided into four stages: stable state of relative dispersion rate (low level), rapid ascent phase, fast descent stage, and constant region again (high level).
Atypical start-up experiments on pump as turbine
Authors: Zhang Yu-Liang , Zhao Yan-Juan
Published: November 2021

At present, research on the characteristics of pumps as turbine (PATs) during the start-up process is still insufficient. To reveal the transient characteristics of a centrifugal PAT during the atypical start-up process, a test rig for the transient performance of the PAT was built; in addition, experiments on the transient hydraulic performance of three kinds of steady speed and three kinds of steady flow were conducted. Through these experiments, the evolution characteristics of the transient performance parameters of the PAT during the atypical start-up process were analyzed over time. Moreover, three dimensionless coefficients were employed to deeply reveal the transient characteristics of the PAT during atypical start-up. Results showed that the rise curves of flow rate and outlet static pressure exhibited shock phenomena. With the increase in the stable running speed after start-up, the impact phenomenon of the outlet static pressure presented a delayed trend. The dimensionless head and flow coefficients reached the maximum value at the initial stage of the atypical start-up process and then rapidly dropped to the minimum value before slowly rising to the final stable value. The dimensionless power coefficient had a maximum value at the initial stage of atypical start-up and then rapidly dropped to the final stable value.
A comparative analysis of anatomical variations of popliteal artery and its branches in concomitant aneurysmal disease
Authors: Troisi Nicola , Melani Alberto , Raspanti Claudio , Panci Simone , Chisci Emiliano , Pratesi Carlo , Michelagnoli Stefano
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Open or endovascular treatment of popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs) is still debated. Data about the popliteal artery anatomy and its branches are essential to plan a surgical approach. The aim of this study was to report the anatomical variations of the popliteal artery and its branches in a population with aneurysmal disease and compare them with a standard population with non-aneurysmal disease.

Methods

A retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent surgical PAA repair in our center between January 2011 and December 2020 was performed. One-hundred-forty-six limbs in 128 patients underwent PAA treatment (Group 1). Computed tomography angiography images using a 128-section configuration were reviewed for anatomical variations of the popliteal artery and its branches. A control population of 178 limbs in 89 patients with non-aneurysmal disease was used to compare the outcomes (Group 2). All limbs were classified according to Kim’s classification. The two groups were analyzed and compared by means of nonparametric Pearson chi-square test.

Results

Both groups were homogeneous in terms of demographics, risk factors, and clinical presentation. In Group 1, the limbs with PAA were classified as type IA, 133 (91.1%); type IB, 2 (1.4%); type IC, 0; type IIA1, 1 (0.7%); type IIA2, 1 (0.7%); type IIB, 4 (2.7%); type IIC, 0; type IIIA, 3 (2.1%); type IIIB, 0; and type IIIC, 2 (1.4%). In Group 2 the limbs with non-aneurysmal disease were classified as type IA, 163 (91.6%); type IB, 5 (2.8%); type IC, 1 (0.6%); type IIA1, 1 (0.6%); type IIA2, 3 (1.7%); type IIB, 2 (1.1%); type IIC, 0; type IIIA, 3 (1.7%); type IIIB, 0; and type IIIC, 0. No difference in terms of anatomy of the popliteal artery and its branches was found between the two groups ( P = NS).

Conclusions

Knowledge of anatomical variations of the popliteal artery and its branches is mandatory in case of the surgical approach. Anatomy in PAA patients is not different. Studies with larger population size are needed to validate these outcomes.