bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low androgen status inhibits erectile function by upregulating the expression of proteins of mitochondria‐associated membranes in rat corpus cavernosum
Authors: Yang Hao‐Zhou , Xiong Wen‐ju , Li Xiong , Jiang Jun , Jiang Rui
Published: April 2022

Objective

To investigate the effect of low androgen status on mitochondria‐associated membranes (MAMs) and its relationship with erectile function.

Methods

A total of 36 eight‐week‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: the control (sham‐operated) group, the castration group, the castration + testosterone (cast + T) group, the control + siRNA group, the cast + siRNA group, and the cast + empty vector group. Testosterone propionate (3 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected into the rats in the cast + T group every other day starting from the second day after the surgery. Four weeks later, lentiviral vectors carrying phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PACS‐2) gene‐specific siRNA (1 × 108TU/ml, 10 µl) were injected into the rats in the siRNA groups. At the sixth week of castration, the ratio of the maximum intracavernous pressure/the mean arterial pressure (ICPmax/MAP), the levels of nitric oxide (NO), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phospho‐eNOS (p‐eNOS), fatty acid‐CoA ligase 4 (FACL‐4), PACS‐2, and inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor type 1 (IP3R1) in the penile corpus cavernosum were determined.

Results

The FACL‐4, PACS‐2, and IP3R1 were primarily localized in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells and part of smooth muscle cells in the corpus cavernosum. The level of NO, the ratio of ICPmax/MAP, and p‐eNOS/eNOS were decreased significantly in the castration group compared with the control group (p < 0.01). The expressions of FACL‐4, PACS‐2, and IP3R1 were increased significantly in the castration group compared with the control group (p < 0.01). The level of NO, the ratios of ICPmax/MAP, and the ratio of p‐eNOS/eNOS were increased significantly in the cast + siRNA group compared with the castration group (p < 0.01). The expressions of FACL‐4 and PACS‐2 were decreased significantly in the cast + siRNA group compared with the castration group (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Low androgen status upregulated the expressions of patients in MAMs (FACL‐4, PACS‐2, and IP3R1) in the corpus cavernosum and inhibited the eNOS/NO/cGMP signaling pathway, resulting in impaired erectile function in rats. Erectile function may be improved by inhibiting the high expression of PACS‐2 in the corpus cavernosum under low androgen state.
Systematic review of health and disease in Ukrainian children highlights poor child health and challenges for those treating refugees
Authors: Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Loboda Andrii
Published: April 2022

Aim

Millions of Ukrainian children have been internally displaced or fled to other countries because of the Russian war. This systematic review focused on their health needs and future challenges for clinicians.

Methods

A systematic literature search of the Medline, Embase and MedRxiv databases from 1 January 2010 to 31 March 2022 identified 1628 papers on the health of Ukrainian children and 112 were relevant to this review.

Results

In 2019, under‐5 mortality was 8 per 1000 live births in Ukraine. Underweight and adverse childhood experiences, including child abuse, were frequent compared to other European countries, while childhood obesity seemed less common. Alcohol consumption was common in women of reproductive age, including during pregnancy, risking foetal alcohol syndrome. Neonatal screening programmes provided low coverage. Vaccine hesitancy was common and vaccination rates were low. Other concerns were measles, HIV, antibiotic resistance and multi‐resistant tuberculosis. Many children are expected to suffer from psychological and physical trauma due to the war. Other healthcare challenges include low COVID‐19 vaccination rates and a preference for secondary and tertiary care, rather than primary care. Many people cannot afford medication.

Conclusion

Ukrainian children often have poor health and host countries need to be aware of their needs.
Review article: rethinking the “ladder” approach to reflux‐like symptom management in the era of PPI “resistance” ‐ a multidisciplinary perspective
Authors: Hungin A. Pali S. , Scarpignato Carmelo , Keefer Laurie , Corsetti Maura , Anastasiou Foteini , Muris Jean W. M. , Mendive Juan M. , Kahrilas Peter J.
Published: April 2022

Background

Despite widespread adoption of potent acid suppression treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPI) for reflux‐like symptoms, persistent symptoms are commonly reported in primary care and community studies.

Aims

This multidisciplinary review critically evaluates how the management of reflux‐like symptoms could better reflect their multifactorial pathophysiology.

Methods

A panel of experts (from general practice, gastroenterology and gastropsychology) attended a series of workshops to review current management and propose a framework for the provision of more individualised care.

Results

It was agreed that the perceptual (as well as the physiological) causes of reflux‐like symptoms should be considered at the start of management, not as a last resort when all else has failed. A short course of PPI is a pragmatic approach to address reflux‐like symptoms, but equally important is counselling about the gut‐brain axis and provision of symptom‐specific behavioural interventions for those who show signs of somatisation, hypervigilance or co‐existing disorders of gut‐brain interaction. Other low‐harm interventions such as lifestyle and dietary advice, should also be better integrated into care at an early stage. Multidisciplinary care management programmes (including dietary, weight loss, exercise and behavioural intervention) should be developed to promote greater self‐management and take advantage of the general shift toward the use of remotely accessed health care resources.

Conclusions

Management of reflux‐like symptoms should be adapted to reflect the advances in knowledge about the multifactorial aetiology of these symptoms, addressing both acid‐related and behavioural components early in management. The time has come to treat the patient, not the “disease”.
Epistemic injustice amongst clinical and non‐clinical voice‐hearers: A qualitative thematic analysis study
Authors: Harris Olivia , Andrews Carina , Broome Matthew R. , Kustner Claudia , Jacobsen Pamela
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Research has suggested people who hear voices may be at risk of epistemic injustice. This is a form of discrimination whereby someone is unfairly judged to be an unreliable knower (testimonial injustice) or is unable to contribute to, and therefore access, concepts that make sense of their experience within mainstream society (hermeneutical injustice). Voice‐hearing occurs both in people who are mental health service users and in the general population (clinical and non‐clinical voice‐hearers, respectively). The degree of distress and impairment associated with voices has been shown to relate to how individuals make sense of their experiences and how others respond to their identity as a voice‐hearer. The aim of this study was to explore people's experiences of epistemic injustice in relation to voice‐hearing and to understand how these may differ between clinical and non‐clinical voice‐hearers.

Design

A qualitative design was used.

Method

Eight clinical and nine non‐clinical voice‐hearers partook in semi‐structured interviews, which were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Three pairs of themes related to (i) identity, (ii) relationships and (iii) power and position were constructed across the clinical and non‐clinical groups, and two shared themes within both groups were created relating to testimonial and hermeneutical injustice.

Conclusion

Both clinical and non‐clinical voice‐hearers described experiencing epistemic injustice in wider society. The presence of a ‘safe haven’ (e.g. spiritualist churches) for non‐clinical voice‐hearers ameliorated the impact of this to some degree, by allowing people to make connections with others with similar experiences within a non‐judgemental and accepting community.
Incorporating geographic context into coyote and wolf livestock depredation research
Authors: Plotsky Kyle , Alexander Shelley M. , Musiani Marco , Draper Dianne
Published: April 2022

Applying research results to new locations and situations can be confounded by differences in the geographic context between the original and the applied study sites. Replication studies and meta‐analyses may be similarly hindered. We investigated how often canid management research reports (e.g., journal articles, conference proceedings) included information on historical/current lethal control, alternative prey availability, landscape features, and seasonal and settlement characteristics. We included experimental research published between 1970 and 2018, focusing on livestock depredations by wolves and coyotes in North America. Reporting on contextual factors was highly variable; seasonal context was included in 83% of research findings; human settlement characteristics were reported in only 8%. Contextual information was more common in journal versus grey literature, and in reports with academic versus government‐affiliated primary authors. Discussions of the effects of contextual factors on livestock depredation mitigation strategies were underdeveloped. Yet, geographic context of research is vital; it can alter animal behaviour and reduce the efficacy of applied mitigation. We suggest reporting guidelines to improve comparisons and meta‐analysis opportunities, which may enhance comparisons and management decision making.
Effective creative crowdsourcing: A multi‐dimensional evaluation framework
Authors: Steils Nadia , Hanine Salwa
Published: April 2022

Effective creative crowdsourcing has mainly been investigated based on effective idea generation and selection management, but other dimensions of effective crowdsourcing (i.e., successful implementation and communication of ideas) have gained little attention so far. While most research has focused on idea generation as an outcome, this research highlights the outcome variety of using creative crowdsourcing techniques. The results present an evaluative framework of effective crowdsourcing and identify its drivers at each stage of the crowdsourcing process. The results contribute to an extended evaluation framework of creative crowdsourcing practices.
Trial of cytotoxic T cell induction in mice as an ex vivo model of paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome with anti‐Hu antibodies
Authors: Tanaka Keiko , Tani Takashi , Ogawa Katsuhiko , Kinoshita Masako , Tanaka Masami
Published: April 2022

The pathogenesis of neuronal damage in anti‐Hu‐antibody‐positive paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome (Hu‐PNS) is thought to be mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). However, there is no direct evidence showing that antigen‐specific T cells are the effector against neurons. Antigen‐specific CTL‐mediated cell death has been observed in cancer immunology, but not as a neurological disease model. The CTL‐mediated etiology in PNS should be confirmed using in vivo model systems in the future. Herein, we present an ex vivo model of antigen‐specific CTL against cultured neurons. A previous study showed the CTL activity of CD8+ T cells taken from the peripheral blood of patients with Hu‐antibody‐positive PNS against Hu‐protein‐derived‐peptide‐expressing autologous fibroblasts. Results revealed that the HuD peptide, which can bind to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I of Balb/c mice, stimulated CD8+ T cells collected from mice immunized with peptide‐bound self‐activated dendritic cells with murine CD40 ligand‐transduced adenovirus vectors (AdmCD40L). Moreover, CTL activity against autologous neurons in culture was observed. Hence, this result could be used in the development of an in vivo model of CTL‐induced neurological disorders, which can help in further understanding the pathogenesis of PNS.
Hand hygiene and hand eczema: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Loh Enver De Wei , Yew Yik Weng
Published: April 2022

Hand eczema is a common inflammatory condition of the skin that has been linked to hand hygiene. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to determine the risks of hand eczema associated with hand hygiene, including frequency of hand washing, wet work and use of alcohol hand rub. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library was performed for cohort, case–control or cross‐sectional studies that analysed the association between hand hygiene and risk of hand eczema. Results of individual studies were presented in respective forest plots and pooled summary relative risks were estimated using a random‐effects model. Forty‐five studies were included in the analysis. Hand washing at least 8–10 times daily significantly increased risk of hand eczema (relative risk [RR] 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35–1.68;p < 0.001). The risk was related to hand washing frequency, with higher pooled RR of 1.66 (95% CI: 1.51–1.83;p < 0.001) with increased hand washing at least 15–20 times daily. However, use of alcohol‐based hand sanitizer was not significantly associated with risk of hand eczema. Given the widespread implementation of hand hygiene practices during the COVID‐19 pandemic, there is a pertinent need to understand skin care habits specific to the hands to avoid a greater incidence of hand eczema.
A standardized stepwise approach to minimally invasive ileocolic anastomosis: Tips and tricks for laparoscopic and robotic surgery
Authors: Solís‐Peña Alejandro , Cirera Arturo , Kraft Carré Miquel , Pellino Gianluca , Espín‐Basany Eloy
Published: April 2022

Aim

Intracorporeal anastomosis has been associated with earlier recovery of postoperative bowel function, shorter length of stay and lower surgical site infection rates. The aim of this work is to describe a step‐by‐step standardized technique for intracorporeal ileocolic and ileosigmoid anastomosis suitable for laparoscopic and robotic colectomy.

Method

Each step of the technique is illustrated using a composite collection of three operative patient videos. Two procedures were performed robotically and one was laparoscopic. Tips are provided to construct a two‐layer anastomosis (both posteriorly and anteriorly). The procedures are presented in stepwise fashion, discussing the advantages and feasibility of the technique.

Results

The standardized technique described herein was used in three patients for this report, of whom two underwent right colectomy and one subtotal colectomy for cancer. The median operating time was 255 (206–333) min. There were no intraoperative complications. No major postoperative complications or 30‐day readmissions occurred. The median length of stay was 4 (3–5) days.

Conclusion

The described technique of a two‐layer anastomosis can be used with any available minimally invasive approach. It is safe and feasible. Using a standardized approach, the technique can be easily taught and mastered, optimizing operating times and reducing adverse events.
The pharmacokinetics of oral trazpiroben (TAK‐906) after organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1/1B3 inhibition: A phase I, randomized study
Authors: Mukker Jatinder K. , Dukes George , Tolkoff Max , Wang Lisi , Almansa Cristina , Huh Susanna Y. , Nishihara Mitsuhiro , Ramsden Diane , Chen Chunlin
Published: April 2022

Trazpiroben is a dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist under development for the treatment of gastroparesis. This phase I, open‐label, randomized, two‐way crossover study (NCT04121078) evaluated the effect of single‐dose intravenous rifampin, a potent inhibitor of the organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) 1B1 and 1B3, on the pharmacokinetics and safety of trazpiroben in healthy adults. The utility of coproporphyrin (CP) I and CPIII as biomarkers of OATP inhibition was also assessed. Overall, 12 participants were enrolled and randomized (1:1) into one of two treatment sequences (AB and BA). Participants received either a single oral dose of trazpiroben 25 mg (treatment A) or a single oral dose of trazpiroben 25 mg immediately after a single 30‐min intravenous infusion of rifampin 600 mg (treatment B). After a washout period of at least 7 days, participants received the other treatment. Geometric mean area under the curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity (AUC∞) and maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of plasma trazpiroben were higher in participants receiving treatment B than those receiving treatment A (AUC∞, 168.5 vs. 32.68 ng*h/ml; Cmax, 89.62 vs. 14.37 ng/ml); corresponding geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) showed 5.16 (4.25–6.25) and 6.24 (4.62–8.42)‐fold increases in these parameters, respectively. In this study, trazpiroben was confirmed as a substrate of OATP1B1/1B3, and therefore co‐administration of trazpiroben with moderate to strong inhibitors of OATP1B1/1B3 is not recommended. This is also the first assessment of the utility of CPI and CPIII as endogenous biomarkers of OATP1B1/1B3 inhibition after a single intravenous dose of rifampin.
Illegal abortion and reproductive injustice in the Pacific Islands: A qualitative analysis of court data
Authors: Burry Kate , Beek Kristen , Vallely Lisa , Worth Heather , Haire Bridget
Published: April 2022

The Oceania region is home to some of the world's most restrictive abortion laws, and there is evidence of Pacific Island women's reproductive oppression across several aspects of their reproductive lives, including in relation to contraceptive decision‐making, birthing, and fertility. In this paper we analyse documents from court cases in the Pacific Islands regarding the illegal procurement of abortion. We undertook inductive thematic analysis of documents from eighteen illegal abortion court cases from Pacific Island countries.

Using the lens of reproductive justice, we discuss the methods of abortion, the reported context of these abortions, and the ways in which these women and abortion were constructed in judges' summing up, judgements, or sentencing. Our analysis of these cases reveals layers of sexual and reproductive oppression experienced by these women that are related to colonialism, women's socioeconomic disadvantage, gendered violence, limited reproductive control, and the punitive consequences related to not performing gender appropriately.
Sexual dysfunction in women with type 1 diabetes in Norway: A qualitative study of women’s experiences
Authors: Buskoven Maren E. H. , Kjørholt Eir K. H. , Strandberg Ragnhild B. , Søfteland Eirik , Haugstvedt Anne
Published: April 2022

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of sexual health and sexual challenges in women with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods

We used a qualitative study design and conducted semistructured interviews with 15 women (26–57 years) with T1D. The participants were recruited based on their Female Sexual Function Index score that indicated sexual dysfunction. We used thematic analysis to analyse the data.

Results

We generated three themes, each with subthemes: (1) Diabetes is present at all times (subthemes: having diabetes is onerous, and diabetes affects the relationship with my partner); (2) various challenges related to sexual health (subthemes: experiencing reduced sexual desire and physical challenges, and challenges related to sexual health affect the relationship with my partner); and (3) diabetes may affect sexual function (subthemes: glucose levels and technical devices may have an impact on sexual function, and sexual health should be addressed in diabetes follow‐up).

Conclusions

The women with T1D experienced different challenges related to their sexual health. The most common were reduced sexual desire, vaginal dryness and pain during intercourse. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing sexual health in diabetes follow‐up to provide comprehensive health services to people with diabetes.
Endogenous expropriation and political competition
Authors: Le Thanh , Yalcin Erkan
Published: April 2022

We develop a game‐theoretical model in which the politicians can be influenced by means of campaign contributions of special interest groups. If there is no legally binding contract, politicians have a proclivity to divert some contributions for private use. In doing so, they maximize their own utility which depends on expected election‐winning premium and amount of funds misappropriated. We study the utility maximizing fraction of expropriation emerging from the equilibrium policy platform and the associated contribution level. We then compare results under alternative scenarios, namely, one single lobby group versus multiple lobby groups and one‐sided lobbying versus two‐sided lobbying.
Understanding children's attention to traumatic dental injuries using eye‐tracking
Authors: Cho Vanessa Y , Hsiao Janet H , Chan Antoni B , Ngo Hien C , King Nigel M , Anthonappa Robert P
Published: April 2022

Background/Aim

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in the primary dentition may result in tooth discolouration and fractures. The aim of this child‐centred study was to explore the differences between preschool children's eye movement patterns and visual attention to typical outcomes following TDIs to primary teeth.

Materials and Methods

An eye‐tracker recorded 155 healthy preschool children's eye movements when they viewed clinical images of healthy teeth, tooth fractures and discolourations. The visual search pattern was analysed using the eye movement analysis with the Hidden Markov Models (EMHMM) approach and preference for the various regions of interest (ROIs).

Results

Two different eye movement patterns (distributed and selective) were identified (p < .05). Children with the distributed pattern shifted their fixations between the presented images, while those with the selective pattern remained focused on the same image they first saw.

Conclusions

Preschool children noticed teeth. However, most of them did not have an attentional bias, implying that they did not interpret these TDI outcomes negatively. Only a few children avoided looking at images with TDIs indicating a potential negative impact. The EMHMM approach is appropriate for assessing inter‐individual differences in children's visual attention to TDI outcomes.
Long‐term minnow community trait shifts and metacommunity dynamics in a geomorphically unstable river
Authors: Stearman Loren W. , Schaefer Jacob F.
Published: April 2022

Ecological disturbances may affect both habitat connectivity and heterogeneity, changing the dominant metacommunity processes affecting local communities. Altered fluvial sediment dynamics in rivers experiencing headcutting and accelerated erosion may foster morphologically unstable reaches in which supplies of habitat‐forming materials are spatially and temporally unpredictable. We hypothesise such environments will select for species with traits which promote dispersal or rapid resource use. We tested this hypothesis using historical and recent datasets from a biologically and functionally diverse taxonomical group, minnows (Leuciscidae and Cyprinidae) in the Bayou Pierre, Mississippi. Local communities decreased in both α and β‐diversity over time. Spatial autocorrelation of communities was consistently high through time, and more strongly related to regional community structure than local habitat variables in contemporary data. Communities shifted towards species with larger body sizes, less parental care, shorter age at maturity and higher fecundity. Communities also shifted towards more generalist species with lower potential trophic positions, and keystone species declined. Our data support the hypothesis of community‐level shifts towards species with dispersal trait syndromes and opportunistic resource utilisation. These shifts have led to a decrease in ecological complexity and overall homogenisation of minnow communities in the geomorphically evolving Bayou Pierre mainstem. The Bayou Pierre presents a unique window into ecological dynamics in a watershed characterised by altered sediment dynamics and sediment loss, in contrast to the large body of literature examining systems with increased sedimentation. These insights demonstrate the importance of studying the full range of fluvial sediment dynamics, including how broader processes of loss and transport may affect long‐term habitat stability, persistent trait syndromes and metacommunity dynamics.
Net plant interactions are highly variable and weakly dependent on climate at the global scale
Authors: Yang Xuejun , Gómez‐Aparicio Lorena , Lortie Christopher J. , Verdú Miguel , Cavieres Lohengrin A. , Huang Zhenying , Gao Ruiru , Liu Rong , Zhao Yonglan , Cornelissen Johannes H. C.
Published: April 2022

Although plant–plant interactions (i.e. competition and facilitation) have long been recognised as key drivers of plant community composition and dynamics, their global patterns and relationships with climate have remained unclear. Here, we assembled a global database of 10,502 pairs of empirical data from the literature to address the patterns of and climatic effects on the net outcome of plant interactions in natural communities. We found that plant interactions varied among plant performance indicators, interaction types and biomes, yet competition occurred more frequently than facilitation in plant communities worldwide. Unexpectedly, plant interactions showed weak latitudinal pattern and were weakly related to climate. Our study provides a global comprehensive overview of plant interactions, highlighting competition as a fundamental mechanism structuring plant communities worldwide. We suggest that further investigations should focus more on local factors (e.g. microclimate, soil and disturbance) than on macroclimate to identify key environmental determinants of interactions in plant communities.
Globally, tree fecundity exceeds productivity gradients
Authors: Journé Valentin , Andrus Robert , Aravena Marie‐Claire , Ascoli Davide , Berretti Roberta , Berveiller Daniel , Bogdziewicz Michal , Boivin Thomas , Bonal Raul , Caignard Thomas , Calama Rafael , Camarero Jesús Julio , Chang‐Yang Chia‐Hao , Courbaud Benoit , Courbet Francois , Curt Thomas , Das Adrian J. , Daskalakou Evangelia , Davi Hendrik , Delpierre Nicolas , Delzon Sylvain , Dietze Michael , Donoso Calderon Sergio , Dormont Laurent , Maria Espelta Josep , Fahey Timothy J. , Farfan‐Rios William , Gehring Catherine A. , Gilbert Gregory S. , Gratzer Georg , Greenberg Cathryn H. , Guo Qinfeng , Hacket‐Pain Andrew , Hampe Arndt , Han Qingmin , Lambers Janneke Hille Ris , Hoshizaki Kazuhiko , Ibanez Ines , Johnstone Jill F. , Kabeya Daisuke , Kays Roland , Kitzberger Thomas , Knops Johannes M. H. , Kobe Richard K. , Kunstler Georges , Lageard Jonathan G. A. , LaMontagne Jalene M. , Leininger Theodor , Limousin Jean‐Marc , Lutz James A. , Macias Diana , McIntire Eliot J. B. , Moore Christopher M. , Moran Emily , Motta Renzo , Myers Jonathan A. , Nagel Thomas A. , Noguchi Kyotaro , Ourcival Jean‐Marc , Parmenter Robert , Pearse Ian S. , Perez‐Ramos Ignacio M. , Piechnik Lukasz , Poulsen John , Poulton‐Kamakura Renata , Qiu Tong , Redmond Miranda D. , Reid Chantal D. , Rodman Kyle C. , Rodriguez‐Sanchez Francisco , Sanguinetti Javier D. , Scher C. Lane , Marle Harald Schmidt Van , Seget Barbara , Sharma Shubhi , Silman Miles , Steele Michael A. , Stephenson Nathan L. , Straub Jacob N. , Swenson Jennifer J. , Swift Margaret , Thomas Peter A. , Uriarte Maria , Vacchiano Giorgio , Veblen Thomas T. , Whipple Amy V. , Whitham Thomas G. , Wright Boyd , Wright S. Joseph , Zhu Kai , Zimmerman Jess K. , Zlotin Roman , Zywiec Magdalena , Clark James S.
Published: April 2022

Lack of tree fecundity data across climatic gradients precludes the analysis of how seed supply contributes to global variation in forest regeneration and biotic interactions responsible for biodiversity. A global synthesis of raw seedproduction data shows a 250‐fold increase in seed abundance from cold‐dry to warm‐wet climates, driven primarily by a 100‐fold increase in seed production for a given tree size. The modest (threefold) increase in forest productivity across the same climate gradient cannot explain the magnitudes of these trends. The increase in seeds per tree can arise from adaptive evolution driven by intense species interactions or from the direct effects of a warm, moist climate on tree fecundity. Either way, the massive differences in seed supply ramify through food webs potentially explaining a disproportionate role for species interactions in the wet tropics.
Iatrogenic pneumothorax‐induced heart murmur during standing laparoscopy in a 3‐year‐old horse
Authors: Fernández‐Parra Rocio , Losada‐Floriano Andres , Zilberstein Luca , Bourzac Celine
Published: April 2022

A 3‐year‐old Selle Français entire male presented to the Clinique Equine, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, for standing laparoscopic closure of the inguinal rings, to prevent recurrence of a strangulated inguinal hernia. An incidental, iatrogenic pneumothorax was induced during the procedure. Just after the pneumothorax occurred, a heart murmur, not present during the preoperative physical examination, could be auscultated. Relevant echocardiographic examination could not be achieved, due to the air in the thorax. Upon complete resolution of the pneumothorax 2 days later, however, the heart murmur resolved, and no abnormal changes were diagnosed on echocardiographic evaluation. This paper reports the diagnosis and clinical management of an iatrogenic pneumothorax and its associated transient heart murmur.
Boundary issues in the experience of grandparenting a preterm grandchild
Authors: Zafrir Priel Ayelet , Possick Chaya , Even‐Zohar Ahuva
Published: April 2022

Objective

The aim of this study is to examine the experience of grandparenting a preterm grandchild up to first year after the birth, in the Israeli context.

Background

The birth of a preterm infant has an impact on the entire family, including grandparents. Although preterm birth is very common, thus far, there are only a few published studies about grandparents of premature infants.

Method

The study was designed and conducted according to the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis method. In‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 13 grandparents ages 54–72 years.

Results

Results indicated that the issue of boundaries was the core category and yielded three subthemes: (1) internal boundaries—our experience or internalized prematurity, (2) interpersonal boundaries—my grandchild and me, and (3) external boundaries between the medical facility and the grandparents—the omnipotent NICU (neonatal intensive care unit).

Conclusions

The current research demonstrates the importance of focusing on grandparents of premature infants as individuals in need of support, as well as an important resource for the immediate family of the baby.

Implications

This should be taken into consideration in visiting policies and delivery of psychosocial services in NICUs.
Dysregulated RNA processing and metabolism: a new hallmark of ageing and provocation for cellular senescence
Authors: Harries Lorna W.
Published: April 2022

The human genome is capable of producing hundreds of thousands of different proteins and non‐coding RNAs from <20 000 genes, in a co‐ordinated and regulated fashion. This is achieved by a collection of phenomena known as mRNA processing and metabolism, and encompasses events in the life cycle of an RNA from synthesis to degradation. These factors are critical determinants of cellular adaptability and plasticity, which allows the cell to adjust its transcriptomic output in response to its internal and external environment. Evidence is building that dysfunctional RNA processing and metabolism may be a key contributor to the development of cellular senescence. Senescent cells by definition have exited cell cycle, but have gained functional features such as the secretion of the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), a known driver of chronic disease and perhaps even ageing itself. In this review, I will outline the impact of dysregulated mRNA processing and metabolism on senescence and ageing at the level of genes, cells and systems, and describe the mechanisms by which progressive deterioration in these processes may impact senescence and organismal ageing. Finally, I will present the evidence implicating this important process as a new hallmark of ageing, which could be harnessed in the future to develop new senotherapeutic interventions for chronic disease.
Characterisation of the crack tip plastic zone in fatigue via synchrotron X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Carrera Manuel , Cruces Alejandro S. , Kelleher Joseph F. , Tai Yee‐Han , Yates John R. , Withers Philip J. , Lopez‐Crespo Pablo
Published: April 2022

This paper describes a new methodology for characterising the plastic zone ahead of a fatigue crack. This methodology is applied to a set of experimental data obtained by synchrotron X‐ray diffraction on a bainitic steel compact tension specimen. The methodology is based on generating the equivalent Von Mises strain field from the X‐ray experimental elastic strain maps. Based on the material response, a threshold is then applied on the equivalent strain maps to identify the size and shape of the plastic zone. The experimental plastic zone lies between the plane strain and plane stress Westergaard's bounds but closer to the plane strain theoretical prediction confirming that the volume analyzed is predominantly subjected to plane strain conditions. However, the observed plastic zone has a somewhat flatter shape, extending further from the crack plane but less extended in the crack growing direction.
Environmental spawning cues of the temperate freshwater Murray Cod (Maccullochella peelii) in a changing climate
Authors: Ingram Brett A. , Gooley Geoff J. , Giri Khageswor
Published: April 2022

Spawning patterns in fish that use temperature as a spawning cue are responding to long‐term changes in the climate. The threatened Murray Cod, Maccullochella peelii (Mitchell), is an important apex species in inland south‐eastern Australia. Information from 1461 spawnings collected from hatcheries over 40 years was combined with environmental, meteorological, and astronomical data to (1) identify factors affecting spawning and (2) detect changes in spawning associated with climate change. The spawning season extended over four months, from late‐August at low latitudes to mid‐January at high latitudes, but locally lasted 1–2 months. Spawning events were preceded by an increase in temperature in the days leading up to spawning, whereas a decline in temperature inhibited spawning. In the Murray‐Darling River basin, the spawning season of Murray Cod began earlier and shortened in duration inversely with the mean spring temperature anomaly. Spawning is predicted to occur up to 4 weeks earlier by 2090 in response to future temperature projections in the Murray‐Darling River basin. Since climate change is affecting aquatic environments globally, findings from this study have implications to the long‐term management of temperate freshwater species that are the subject of regulations aimed to protect fish during the spawning season.
Impact of a geriatric assessment and optimisation‐based preoperative clinic on the management of older patients receiving dental treatment under general anaesthetic or conscious sedation: A service evaluation
Authors: Prasad Ria , Edwards Julie , Newton Paul , Gerbasi Rodrigues Taianny , Curl Charlotte
Published: April 2022

Objectives

The main objectives of the study were to review patient characteristics, recommendations made and treatment outcomes of frail/older patients referred to a specialist multidisciplinary geriatric assessment and optimisation‐based preoperative clinic (PROKARE), prior to patients receiving dental treatment under general anaesthesia (GA) or conscious sedation (CS).

Background

Although the use of preoperative comprehensive geriatric assessment to improve pre/peri and postoperative mortality has been reported for many surgical domains, its use prior to dental surgery has not been reported previously.

Methods

The data were collected retrospectively from the dental notes of 52 patients referred from the Special Care Dental (SCD) Department to the PROKARE service for optimisation prior to dental treatment under GA/CS using a case note study approach. The data extracted included patient demographic characteristics, medical history, clinical management and the treatment outcomes for each patient. The data extracted was analysed with descriptive statistics.

Results

Key reasons for referral were caries management, retained roots and poor co‐operation. Multiple co‐morbidities were noted among the patients referred, with 14 (27%) having four or more co‐morbidities. The PROKARE assessment identified issues such as treatment could be carried out under CS instead of GA; consent; and the need for medication change and/or further medical investigations. As per recommendations from PROKARE, 39 patients (75%) received dental treatment while five (10%) did not receive treatment, and a further eight (15%) died prior to treatment.

Conclusion

Geriatric assessment and optimisation‐based preoperative clinics in the dental management of frail, elderly patients having treatment under GA or CS techniques is valuable, but further research and assessment of current service provision are needed to increase the evidence base.
Clinical implications of severe sarcopenia in Japanese patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Honda Shigefumi , Uemura Yusuke , Shibata Rei , Sekino Takahisa , Takemoto Kenji , Ishikawa Shinji , Murohara Toyoaki , Watarai Masato
Published: April 2022

Aim

Sarcopenia is a geriatric condition characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. The definition and diagnosis of sarcopenia is inconsistent between different populations and is still evolving. Herein, we investigated the prevalence and clinical implications of severe sarcopenia using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria in Japanese patients with acute heart failure (HF).

Methods

Overall, 272 patients admitted for acute HF were evaluated for sarcopenia using the AWGS 2019 criteria.

Results

There were 46 patients with severe sarcopenia, accounting for approximately 75% of patients who were diagnosed as having sarcopenia. A Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with severe sarcopenia had a higher incidence of cardiac death or rehospitalization for HF 1 year post‐discharge than those with non‐severe sarcopenia or without sarcopenia (log‐rank P = 0.006). A multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that severe sarcopenia was independently correlated with the occurrence of cardiac death or rehospitalization for HF after adjusting for other prognostic factors (hazard ratio 2.580, 95% confidence interval: 1.404–4.740, P = 0.002).

Conclusions

Severe sarcopenia constituted most sarcopenia diagnoses using the AWGS 2019 cut‐off values, and was independently associated with 1‐year incidence of cardiac death or rehospitalization for HF post‐discharge in Japanese patients with acute HF. The assessment of sarcopenia may provide useful information for HF management. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 477–482.
Evaluation of ongoing Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) reintroduction using an integrated population model and Bayesian population viability analysis
Authors: Okahisa Yuji , Nagata Hisashi
Published: April 2022

Reintroduction has often been used as a technique for re‐establishing self‐sustaining animal populations that have become extinct within their indigenous range. To achieve conservation success, it is essential to accurately assess the demographic parameters and the IUCN Red List criteria of the population. However, acquiring data on all indicators and estimating criteria according to established definitions can be challenging. Here, we developed an integrated population model (IPM) and population viability analysis (PVA) framework to estimate all demographic parameters and criteria for a reintroduced population of Crested IbisNipponia nippon, and to project population dynamics under a range of release scenarios on Sado Island, Japan. Our IPM‐PVA framework integrated roost count and mark–resight data for 415 released and 203 wild‐hatched individuals, as well as reproductive performance for a total of 575 pairs. We aimed to assess survival, reproductive success, population size, number of mature individuals and population projection. In the first year after release, the estimated apparent annual survival rate was 0.566 [Bayesian credible intervals (CRI) 0.518–0.614]; however, this rate increased after 1 year (0.865; CRI 0.836–0.892). Wild‐hatched juveniles exhibited a high survival rate (0.757; CRI 0.670–0.838) that was just lower than that of adults (0.899; CRI 0.844–0.949). The reproductive success rate varied with pair attributes (released–released pair: 0.245, CRI 0.194–0.299; released–wild pair: 0.377, CRI 0.281–0.471; wild–wild pair: 0.350, CRI 0.237–0.471). Total population size was estimated to be 457 individuals (CRI 384–525), with 261 mature individuals (CRI 211–304) in June 2021. The probability of Crested Ibis extinction in the next five generations was 0%, even if the release was discontinued. Our comprehensive case study demonstrated the effectiveness of IPM‐PVA for the evaluation of ongoing reintroduction programmes.
A meta‐analysis of the elaboration likelihood model in the electronic word of mouth literature
Authors: Moradi Masoud , Zihagh Fereshteh
Published: April 2022

Several studies have been conducted to determine the factors influencing online consumers to adopt the information embedded in electronic word of mouth (eWOM). The amount of existing research and the inconsistency of certain conclusions need the development of an all‐encompassing model capable of synthesizing previous findings. Thus, this meta‐analysis study synthesizes current research on eWOM, which will aid in reconciling results about the variables impacting eWOM adoption and consumers' behavioural intentions. This study utilizes data from 89 research in a two‐stage structural equation model (TSSEM). The findings show that eWOM usefulness and credibility impact behavioural intentions, and eWOM adoption plays a mediating role in these relationships. The results further signify the moderating effects of social networking sites (SNS) and e‐commerce platforms on the adoption behaviour. Building on the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), this study shows that the central route to persuasion is the dominant predictor of eWOM adoption on e‐commerce sites. In contrast, the peripheral route tends to dominate on social networking sites. The findings improve the current understanding of the diffusion of online information, which can alter consumers' behavioural intentions. The study finally provides managers with specific recommendations for maximizing the effectiveness of eWOM propagation through online channels.
Microscopic structure, viscoelastic behaviour and 3D printing potential of milk protein concentrate‐hydrocolloid complex coacervates
Authors: Liu Yaowei , Wang Keyu , Zhou Peng
Published: April 2022

To prepare a milk protein‐enriched ink for extrusion‐based 3D food printing, this study investigated the effects of a wide range of hydrocolloids on the microstructures, viscoelastic characteristics and 3D printing performance of milk protein concentrate (MPC). The distributions of hydrocolloids and milk protein in mixed coacervates were characterised by fluorescent covalent labelling and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), and the microstructure of the coacervates was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the rheological properties of prepared protein coacervates, including steady shear test, dynamic oscillatory test, thixotropy and creep recovery were investigated. Meanwhile, Burger’s model was fitted to the creep behaviour to further study their viscoelastic properties. The results showed that κ‐carrageenan, pectin, guar gum and sodium alginate significantly increased the zero‐shear viscosity, thixotropy and solid‐like behaviour while xanthan showed an opposite phenomenon. Results showed that the presence of hydrocolloids improved the 3D printability of MPC by forming a complex network between protein particles and hydrocolloids, and guar gum, pectin and κ‐carrageenan better help maintain the deposited 3D structures of MPC ink than xanthan.
Different air velocity drying impacts on browning reaction and antioxidant activity of apple cube and its storage counterparts
Authors: Hu Jiaxing , Bi Jinfeng , Li Xuan , Wu Xinye , Yu Qingting , Feng Shuhan
Published: April 2022

The colour quality and functional activity of dried fruits are important quality indexes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of heat pump drying with different air velocity on browning‐related reactions and antioxidant activities of products and their storage counterparts. The results showed that apple cubes possessed different Maillard reaction levels, polyphenol and pectin variation, and antioxidant capacity, which could be controlled by different drying air velocity when the temperature is constant. In present work, high air velocity (2.0–2.5 m/s) drying (HHD) apple cubes possessed 22.58% more browning comparing to low air velocity (0.02–0.50 m/s) drying (LHD), which correlated with its 8.13 μg/g, 132.35 μg/g and 6.21% more of 5‐HMF, chlorogenic acid and DE level of pectin, respectively. Interestingly, the b value of HHD and LHD samples decreased after storage, which was related to the DE, GalA, structural properties (Ratio1, Ratio2 and Ratio3) and conformational properties (PDI, RG and RC) of pectin in samples. Besides, HHD treatment promoted higher DPPH and FRAP capacity than LHD, which significantly involved Mw of pectin. The research would provide a new insight from the perspective of pectin for regulating the browning and antioxidant activity in apple thermal process.
Sugar‐sweetened beverages intake and the risk of obesity in children: An updated systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis
Authors: Abbasalizad Farhangi Mahdieh , Mohammadi Tofigh Arash , Jahangiri Leila , Nikniaz Zeinab , Nikniaz Leila
Published: April 2022

Background

The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased worldwide and has reached alarming proportions. Contradictive results from studies and reviews have fuelled an endless debate on the role of SSBs in the development of childhood obesity.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the impact of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake on body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), and waist circumference (WC) among children.

Methods

Databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched up to August 2021. Observational studies reporting the relation between SSBs intake and BMI, BFP, and WC were included. STATA version 15 was used to analyse the data.

Results

In this meta‐analysis, 33 studies with 121 282 subjects were included. Excessive SSBs intake was associated with 0.75 kg/m2 increase in BMI in children and adolescents (WMD: 0.75; CI 0.35–1.15; p < 0.001). In addition, high SSBs intake was significantly associated with higher WC (WMD: 2.35 cm; 95% CI, 1.34, 3.37; p = 0.016) and BFP (WMD: 2.81; CI 2.21–3.41; p < 0.001). No departure from linearity was detected in dose–response meta‐analysis between SSBs consumption and changes in BMI, WC, and BFP.

Conclusion

High SSBs consumption was associated with increased BMI, WC, and BFP among children and adolescents. Further large prospective long‐term interventions are recommended to confirm the observed relationships.