bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Pancreatic Cancer: Breaking Down a Complex Clinical Dilemma
Authors: Dallos Matthew C. , Eisenberger Andrew B. , Bates Susan E.
Published: October 2019

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) frequently occurs in patients with cancer, and particularly those with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Therapeutic anticoagulation with either low-molecular-weight heparin or a direct oral anticoagulant is clearly beneficial in patients who develop a VTE. However, whether thromboprophylaxis improves patient outcomes remains unclear. Studies assessing this risk show a 10%–25% risk of VTE, with reduction to 5%–10% with thromboprophylaxis but no impact on survival. To aid in the risk stratification of patients, several tools have been developed to identify those at highest risk for a VTE event. However, the clinical application of these risk stratification models has been limited, and most patients, even those at the highest risk, will never have a VTE event. New oral anticoagulants have greatly improved the feasibility of prophylaxis but do show increased risk of bleeding in patients with the underlying gastrointestinal dysfunction frequently found in patients with pancreatic cancer. Recently, several completed clinical trials shed new light on this complicated risk versus benefit decision. Here, we present this recent evidence and discuss important considerations for the clinician in determining whether to initiate thromboprophylaxis in patients with PDAC.
How ethics can help professional engineers deliver a better service to the public
Authors: Baxter Jim
Published: October 2019

The Inter-Disciplinary Ethics Applied Centre at the University of Leeds launched a 10-year ethics-based plan last year to help the UK engineering profession better serve the public interest. Jim Baxter explains its importance and urges all civil engineers to contribute.
BSI launches new global certification scheme for facilities management
Authors: Green Karen
Published: October 2019

Following publication of the new ISO 41001 facilities management standard last year, Karen Green at BSI explains how its new global certification scheme can benefit civil engineers by driving collaboration with stakeholders.
Challenges towards renewable energy: an exploratory study from the Arabian Gulf region
Authors: Umar Tariq , Egbu Charles , Ofori George , Honnurvali Mohamed Shaik , Saidani Messaoud , Opoku Alex
Published: October 2019

Considering the importance of energy for social and economic development, access to clean, affordable and reliable energy has been adopted as one of the United Nations sustainable development goals that all countries aim to achieve by 2030. However, much of the world's energy is still produced from fossil fuels and thus the progress towards clean and renewable energy is slow. This paper explores the key challenges towards renewable energy in Gulf Cooperation Council countries blessed with plenty of oil and gas reserves. The key challenges identified through literature review were ranked using a quantitative approach through the data collected from a selective sample across the six countries. These challenges in order of importance were found to be policies and regulations, manpower experience and competencies, renewable energy education, public awareness, costs and incentives for renewable energy and government commitment. The findings could be helpful to decision makers and government organisations in the region to develop strategies to overcome these identified challenges.
Corrosion of steel bar in carbonated concrete treated with realkalisation and inhibitor
Authors: Zhang Ji , Zhu Peng , Qu Wenjun
Published: October 2019

The combination of realkalisation and migrating corrosion inhibitor (MCI) was proposed as a protective technique for structures subjected to carbonation-induced corrosion; the effects on passivated steel bars in partly carbonated concrete were investigated. The corrosion behaviours of treated steel bars under three exposure conditions (natural indoor environment, accelerated carbonation and simulated carbonated concrete pore solution) were examined and the effects of amino-alcohol-based and amino-carboxylate-based MCIs were compared. The surface morphology of steel bars was observed by scanning electron microscopy, which indicated that MCIs could be adsorbed on the bar surfaces. Moreover, potentiodynamic polarisation curves were obtained and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was performed. Results corresponding to a natural indoor environment and accelerated carbonation showed that current would destabilise the passivated steel bars but that the corrosion resistance of treated steel bars was significantly enhanced. According to the results in simulated carbonated concrete pore solution, the corrosion behaviour of steel bar was related to the type of MCI and the treatment parameters. Compared with amino-carboxylate-based MCI, the adsorption of amino-alcohol-based MCI was more stable although it was weakened with a decrease in pH. In general, treatment by realkalisation and MCI is more effective than simple application of realkalisation or MCI.
Clinical manifestations of mucopolysaccharidosis type I (Orthopaedic aspects)
Authors: Mikhailova L. K , Polyakova O. A
Published: October 2019

The difficulties of differential diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) type I are conditioned by low population rate of the pathology that results in untimely and inadequate treatment. Case reports for 20 patients with MPS I are presented. Special attention is paid to the orthopaedic manifestations of the pathology that can be determined since the first months of life.
Surgical correction of foot deformities as a method for prevention and treatment of diabetic foot syndrome
Authors: Parshikov M. V , Bardyugov P. S , Galstyan G. R , Yarygin N. V , Golovchak V. M , Bakunov M. Yu
Published: October 2019

Purpose: to study the potentialities of orthopaedic surgery in foot deformities as a method for prevention and treatment of diabetic foot syndrome (DFS). Patients and methods. During the period from 2014 to 2017 thirty seven patients (13 men and 24 women aged 47 - 75 years) with DFS were operated on for feet deformity. According to Texas University classification 4 patients had grade 0, 7 - grade 3 and 26 patients - grade 4a pathology. Primary deformities were observed in 13 cases, secondary deformities resulting from DFS - in 24 cases. Forty seven different surgical interventions were performed. All interventions were grouped according to D.G. Armstrong classification for DFS surgical treatment. The surgical task was the correction of biomechanics, unloading of foot segments that were subjected to high mechanical effect caused by the deformity. Results. The follow up period was from 2 moths to 3 years. Primary healing of the ulcers was observed after 32 surgical interventions. In 2 cases revision (more radical) surgical intervention was performed. No deformity relapse was noted. Postoperative wound suppuration was recorded in 1 case. Ulcer relapse was observed in 1 case. Conclusion. The study results allow suggesting a significant role and wide-ranging potentialities of surgical orthopaedics for the effective and functional treatment of patients with DFS.
Patella instability in children: surgical treatment results
Authors: Sautenko A. A , El’tsin A. G , Mininkov D. S , Stuzhina V. T , Merkulov V. N
Published: October 2019

Introduction. Despite the fact that instability of the patella is a common pathology within the structure of knee joint diseases and injuries in children, currently there is no complete information on the basis of which one could judge the effectiveness and preference of a particular method of treating instability of the patella in children. Purpose of study: to evaluate the efficacy of surgical treatment techniques in children with post-traumatic instability of the patella. Patients and methods. The study was performed on the basis of examination and treatment data on 127 patients aged from 8 to 17 years with post-traumatic instability of the patella. Arthroscopic stabilization by Yamamoto technique, modified at our department, was performed in 49 patients, patella stabilization with transposition of the tibial tuberosity - in 67 patients, with the medial patellofemoral ligament autoplasty - 9, corrective osteotomy - in 2. Treatment efficacy was assessed using AKPS and 2000 IKDC knee joint assessment scores. The questionnaires were carried out at admission, in 1, 2-4 and 4-7 years after surgery. Results. At early terms after operation (up to 2 years) in the group of children after stabilization of the patella by modified Yamamoto technique good and excellent results were observed in 77.8% of cases, after transposition of the tibial tuberosity - in 73.3%, after stabilization of the patella with medial patellofemoral ligament autoplasty - in 88.9%. Long-term follow up (5-7 years) showed 90.9 and 86.5% of cases from the 1st and 2nd groups, respectively. Conclusion. The proposed algorithm for examination and treatment provides the most effective treatment and enables to obtain good and excellent results in the majority children with post-traumatic instability of the patella.
Representing social action in Indonesian: A case of Indonesian presidential race
Authors: Sofyan Agus , Zifana Mahardhika
Published: October 2019

A large body of research on social action representation revolves around how social actors are discursively represented in a variety of media; nevertheless, very few discourse studies have investigated the Indonesian news media portrayal of an Indonesian politician in a number of social events. This research sought to fill in this gap by examining the representation of a prominent Indonesian political figure, i.e. Prabowo Subianto from the lens of two mainstream online Indonesia news media, i.e. Kompas and Republika. More specifically, the prime focus is on outlining types of social action and their grammatical and rhetorical realization in Indonesian discourse. Leeuwen’s (2005; 2008) social semiotics was adopted as the framework of analysis. Ten online news reports—five from each media—focusing on Prabowo were purposively selected on the basis of five key political incidents where Prabowo was engaged. Comparison of two media in their reporting of the events is of special interest, for the representation of the same individual in his socio-political actions can be more apparent and hence media tendencies can be easily identified. Findings reveal that both media have non-neutral, partial tendencies. Their language products entail sympathy and defense of Prabowo, albeit the journalistic code of ethics. More specifically, Republika tends to side with Prabowo’s campaign; while Kompas tends to oppose it. In the form of values, orientation, and tendencies, both media have an ideological tendency to defend or to offend the subject, Prabowo, as is clearly reflected through the distinctive discursive strategies they choose. Implicationally, these results corroborate the long-standing premise that media’s values or ideological stances to a certain extent appear to be a factor in portraying an individual and his/her action in the society, which in turn may influence public perceptions.
Issues on the initial impact of CEFR in Thailand and the region
Authors: Foley Joseph
Published: October 2019

This paper outlines the revised version of the Common European Framework of Reference Languages: Learning, Teaching and Assessment (CEFR, 2018), followed by the Frameworks of Reference for English Language Education in Thailand (FRELE-TH). The approaches taken in Japan, Vietnam, Malaysia, and China based on CEFR will also be briefly discussed. A number of issues identified by various researchers have affected the implementation of CEFR, such as the lack of background knowledge of the goals of CEFR, the initial stress on language assessment for teachers and learner/users, the apparent lack of follow-up in terms of training, materials and expertise. Finally, the implementation of CEFR in the region will be emphasized in reference to Teaching English as an International Language (TEIL) and reflected on how this approach could be implemented in the local contexts of Asia.
Autonomous English learning: Teachers’ and students’ perceptions
Authors: Khotimah Khusnul , Widiati Utami , Mustofa Mutmainnah , Ubaidillah M. Faruq
Published: October 2019

This study aims at investigating teachers’ and students’perceptions of autonomous learning in English language teaching and to what extent the teachers foster students’ autonomous learning. A set of questionnaire was distributed to 30 English teachers and 283 third-year secondary school students in the provincial part of Indonesia. The participants in this study were randomly selected. Furthermore, to obtain the supplementary data, an interview was conducted to two students from each school. The findings indicate that albeit positive tenets on autonomous learning were held by both teachers and students, they still had inadequate understandings of what autonomous learning concepts are. In terms of exposing students to autonomous learning, the teachers possess highly-driven endeavor. This study ends with suggestions for teachers and teacher education programs.
Effects of spacing techniques on EFL learners’ recognition and production of lexical collocations
Authors: Farvardin Mohammad Taghi
Published: October 2019

Spacing technique is a kind of strategy whereby the vocabulary will be revised with breaks between the revision sessions. Using spacing techniques in foreign and second language learning has received a lot of attention recently. However, there are many questions about how EFL learners are able to learn and remember target words. Moreover, few studies have thus far been carried out on the effect of using spacing techniques on EFL learners’ lexical collocational knowledge. Thus, this study probed the effects of spacing techniques on EFL learners’ recognition and production of lexical collocations. To this end, 62 EFL learners at a junior high school were selected from three intact classes. Each class was assigned to one experimental condition, i.e. uniform spaced retrieval (USR), expanded spaced retrieval (ESR), and massed retrieval (MR). Twelve collocations unknown to the participants were selected as the target collocations. The treatment lasted for one session for the MR group (80 minutes) and four sessions for the USR and ESR groups (each session 20 minutes). After the last treatment session, a multiple-choice test and a translation test were administered to measure the participants’ recognition and production of the target collocations, respectively. Two delayed posttests were also administered two weeks and four weeks after the last treatment session. The results revealed that both ESR and USR groups significantly outperformed the MR group on the recognition and production posttests. The results highlight the efficiency of spacing techniques in teaching lexical collocations in a foreign language. The results of this study can lead language teachers to include such techniques as ESR and USR as effective methods to improve language learners’ lexical knowledge.
Effects of web-based metacognitive listening on Chinese university EFL learners' listening comprehension and metacognitive awareness
Authors: Pei Tao , Suwanthep Jitpanat
Published: October 2019

The present study examined the effects of web-based metacognitive listening practice on L2 learners’ listening comprehension over 14 weeks. Participants (N  = 67) came from two intact classes of intermediate EFL university learners in China. The experimental group was involved in the web-based metacognitive listening practice built on the metacognitive listening principles. The control group undertook a traditional web-based listening practice with the same listening materials texts, yet without training on their metacognitive awareness. TOEFL tests and MALQ were used to track the development of listening achievements and metacognitive awareness. ANCOVA was employed to detect the differences between the two groups regarding listening achievements and metacognitive development. The results show that the experimental group made significantly greater gains than the control group in listening achievements. However, the development of metacognition remained inconclusive. The study concludes that metacognitive listening practice under web-based environment could outperform the traditional web-based listening practice in improving listening achievements among Chinese intermediate EFL learners. Besides, some recommendations for further study are discussed.
S. Milgram’s experiment through the lens of historical psychology
Authors: Pavlenko V.N.
Published: October 2019

The article presents a look at the results of the classical experiment of S. Milgram from the point of view of the theories of B. Porshnev and D. Jaynes. A review of the provisions of both theories that are relevant to the analysis of the experiment of S. Milgram is given. A comparative analysis was carried out. It is shown that both theories postulate the existence in human history of a period when our ancestors were guided in their behavior not by their own motives, goals and objectives, but by other people’s speech commands — either given by real leaders (B. Porshnev), or their “doubles” — voice-hallucinations (D. Jaynes). If we agree with the authors of these theories, the unquestioning obedience to “authority”, demonstrated by the majority of subjects in the experiment of S. Milgram, is in a certain sense a recurrence of those psychological mechanisms and behaviors that existed in a person in that historical era of total suggestion (according to B. Porshnev) or “bicameral mind” (according to D. Jane).
Attitude to appearance, its value and significance as factors of subjective well-being of young people
Authors: Labunskaya V.A.
Published: October 2019

In the article on the basis of theoretical analysis of foreign and domestic research linkages between the attitude to his appearance (AP) and assessments of well-being develops a differentiated approach to the definition of the influence of different of components attitude to appearance, its value and importance to the assessment of subjective well-being (SW-B). In the empirical part of the research from intercom hypothesis: young people with different levels of subjective well-being may differ self-estimations of appearance, concern them satisfaction, measures importance of appearance in different spheres of life, measures its impact on happiness, estimates of the value of appearance. The study involved young people — 86 people at the age of 17—25 years (M age = 20.07; SD age = 2.232), 50% — women and 50% — men. A set of research methods included: questionnaire “Content-Evaluative Interpretation of Appearance” (V.A. Labunskaya); questionnaire “Estimates of the importance of attractive appear¬ance to improve in different life situation” (V.A. Labunskaya, G.V. Serikov); The modified version of the inventory “Diagnostics of Real Structure of Personality Value Orientations” (S.S Bubnova), includes scale “value of appearance”; questionnaire “Attitudes towards Appearance: Satisfaction and Concern (V.A. Labunskaya, E.V. Kapitanova); the scale of the “subjective well-being”, russian version of which was created by V.M. Sokolova. The results of the study confirm the initiative of hypothesis and indicate what components of attitudes towards appearance have a different impact on the level of subjective well-being: 1) self-estimation of components and characteristics of appearance, associated with satisfaction appearance, increases the level of subjective well-being; 2) increase of value, significance of the appearance of a person’s life, coupled with concern with appearance, leads to reduced levels of subjective well-being.
Altruistic investment as a personal networking strategy: The development of scale and testing its constructive validity
Authors: Mararitsa L.V. , Kazantseva T.V. , Pochebut L.G. , Sventsitskiy A.L.
Published: October 2019

The article describes the process of verifying the constructive validity of the “Altruistic Investment Scale”. Altruistic investment is one of the networking strategies that allow scientists to consider the social behavior of an individual in terms of its involvement in the mechanisms of social capital formation and conversion. The results of the empirical research confirm the theoretical model and show that the developed scale corresponds to the components of the strategy, measured in an alternative ways. Testing of this hypothesis was carried out using structural modeling (n = 362). The reliability of the scale was 0.74 (Cronbach’s alpha, n = 670), the grades obtained by the scale do not depend on gender, are not related to social desirability, and correlate in the expected way with other scales of altruism and selfishness. The principal novelty of the construct of altruistic investment was demonstrated. In contrast to the construct of altruism, which is motivational by its essence, altruistic investment is a more complex concept and includes values and behavioral components as well. Moreover, the Altruistic Investment Scale doesn’t measure the ‘first-order’ altruism.
The continuity of the knowledge in Social Psychology, could it be possible? Commemoration to the 95th anniversary of G.M. Andreeva
Authors: Khoroshilov D.A.
Published: October 2019

This paper is dedicated to the memory of Galina Mihailovna Andreeva, who was a creator of the Russian school of Social Psychology at the faculty of Moscow State University. Adreeva suggested that the psychologist’s main objective was to integrate scientific knowledge into the context of social changes and issues. She determined the main problem of Social Psychology as the problem of social cognition. Social cognition represents constructing the image of the social world, which is vicariously lived by people in their everyday life. This definition unites such theories as sociocultural approach (L. Vygotsky, A. Leontiev, A. Luria), K. Gergen’s social constructionism and cognitive psychology (S. Fiske). According to the ideas of Andreeva, the image of social world integrates micro- and marco-levels of social structure, what manifests in general directions of the discipline of Social Psychology: communication-groups-personality. Indeed, human personality is formed through group interactions, as well as his personal and social identity which are determined by the culture and by the society where we interact. The concepts elaborated by Andreeva greatly anticipated contemporary research on the perception of social space and time, collective emotions and experiences, as well as collective memory. Therefore, we see the need for an immediate revisit of her heritage in the context of the modern human sciences.
Van İli Kent Merkezinde Hava Kirliliği
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Dilara , BAYRAM Tuba
Published: October 2019

Çevre kirliliğine neden olan hava kirleticiler ilk sırada insan sağlığı
olmak üzere, diğer canlıları ve ekosistemi risk altına sokmaktadır. Ülkemizin
birçok kentinde sanayi ve ısınmadan kaynaklanan hava kirliliği sorunu önemli
boyutlara ulaşmıştır. Bu çalışmada Van ili kent merkezinde hava kirletici
parametrelerin zamansal ve mevsimsel dağılımı, konsantrasyonları, kirletici
parametrelerin sıcaklık ile ilişkisi izin verilen sınır değerlere göre
tartışılmış ve kent için çözüme yönelik önerilere yer verilmiştir. Kentin
topoğrafik ve coğrafik konumu itibari ile kış mevsimi sert geçmektedir ayrıca
kentin sıcaklık ortalaması ülke geneline göre düşüktür. Bu sebeple ısınma
maksatlı kullanılan yakıtlardan kaynaklı kirleticiler hava kirliliğinde büyük
paya sahiptir. Ancak kentin az gelişmiş sanayi şehirlerinden olmasından dolayı
endüstriyel menşeili hava kirleticiler kentte çok düşük konsantrasyonlarda
bulunmaktadır.   Isınma amaçlı düşük enerjili ve yüksek kükürt
içeren kömür türevlerinin sık kullanımı ve yanlış yakma teknikleri kış
aylarında görülen yoğun kirliliğin sebebini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu sebeple
doğal gaz gibi daha temiz yakıtların kullanımı bu sorun için en uygun
çözümlerden biridir. Kentin doğalgaz ulaşmayan ilçelerine hat sağlanması ile
tehlikesiz ve temiz bir yakıt olarak kabul görülen doğalgazın kullanılmasının
yaygınlaştırılması gerekmektedir. Ayrıca hattın ulaşmadığı noktalarda kalitesiz
yakıt konusunda kontroller satış noktalarından başlayıp kullanıcılar
bilgilendirilmeli ve zararları izah edilmelidir.
Куда несешься, Русь? (размышления о Происходящем)
Authors: Ильинский Игорь Михайлович
Published: October 2019

В статье представлены размышления автора о сути происходящих сегодня в России процессов в области политики, науки, образования. Автор останавливается на проблемах новой российской идеологии, кризиса идеи либерализма, воспитания жизнеспособных поколений.

Автор высказывает свое отношение к противоречивым перспективам замены естественного интеллекта искусственным. Автор считает, что в ситуации эйфории научного и научно-технического прорыва гуманитарные вузы должны стать гуманитарным щитом на пути такого рода ускоренных нововведений, не учитывающих того, как они отзовутся на судьбах миллионов простых граждан, государства и общества.

Именно человеческий капитал, человеческий потенциал должны стать основным предметом российской науки, наука должна помочь понять, в чем состоит смысл технологических обновлений и прорывов, что в них полезно, а что вредно для человека и страны.
Семья и брак в жизненных ориентирах молодежи Оренбургской области
Authors: Явон Снежана Владимировна
Published: October 2019

 На основе результатов социологического исследования 2018 г. анализируются предпочтения в семейно-брачных и сексуальных отношениях молодежи Оренбургской области России. Наиболее предпочтительным и подходящим для современной региональной российской молодежи установлен официальный брак, подразумевающий традиционные семейные ценности; брачный контракт как вид «страховки»; рождение двоих детей в возрасте от 25 до 30 лет; любовь как главная причина заключения брака. Большинство из опрошенной молодежи Оренбургской области к альтернативным формам брака (однополый брак, открытый брак, свингерство, коммунальный брак, Годвин-брак, виргинальный брак, сезонный брак и брак Childfree) чаще относятся отрицательно, чем нейтрально или положительно. Наиболее лояльное отношение проявлено к фиктивному браку и браку по расчету. Сексуальное поведение региональной молодежи характеризуется равноправной инициацией ухаживаний и сексуальных действий. Определяющую роль в сексуальной близости для молодых женщин играет установление тесного эмоционального контакта, для молодых мужчин — получение удовольствия. Ответственность за вопросы, связанные с использованием контрацептивов, как правило, несет юноша. Социальное конструирование сексуального поведения происходит на фоне принятия традиционных ролей и сценариев.
Современные угрозы информационной безопасности России в сфере науки и техники
Authors: Крылова Ирина Анатольевна
Published: October 2019

В статье дан анализ современных угроз информационной безопасности России в сфере науки и техники. Показано, что в условиях глобализации к внешним угрозам информационной безопасности России в данной сфере относятся: стремление Запада различными средствами, включая санкции, особенно после «Крымской весны», ограничить развитие научно-технического потенциала Российской Федерации; жесткое противодействие мировых держав созданию в нашей стране новых конкурентоспособных информационных технологий; попытка ведущих государств мира получить доступ к научно-техническим ресурсам Российской Федерации и новейшим научным результатам российских исследователей.

Обосновано, что современными внутренними угрозами информационной безопасности России в сфере науки и техники являются: сокращение финансирования НИОКР, падение престижа ученого, а также «утечка» новейших идей и разработок из России; массовая эмиграция отечественных ученых и технических специалистов в другие страны; дефицит в стране высококвалифицированных кадров в области обеспечения информационной безопасности.

Подчеркнуто, что серьезную внутреннюю угрозу представляет также продолжающееся неолиберальное реформирование науки, которое ведет к дальнейшей «утечке мозгов» и новейших научных результатов за границу.

Сделан вывод о необходимости выработки эффективных мер противодействия внешним и внутренним угрозам информационной безопасности Российской Федерации в сфере науки и техники для преодоления технологической зависимости нашей страны от ведущих западных государств и возвращения России в число научных сверхдержав.
О науке в современной России
Authors: Ильинский Игорь Михайлович , Луков Валерий Андреевич
Published: October 2019

В статье анализируется проект Федерального закона «О научной и научно-технической деятельности в Российской Федерации». Проект призван заменить принятый в 1996 г. Федеральный закон «О науке и государственной научно-технической политике» (от 23 августа 1996 г. № 127-ФЗ), включив и правовые нормы Федерального закона от 7 апреля 1999 г. № 70-ФЗ «О статусе наукограда Российской Федерации».

Достоинства и недостатки законопроекта рассматриваются на фоне процессов в российской науке, выдвигающих среди прочего задачу создания гуманитарного щита в отношении внедрения в жизнь новых научных идей и технологий. Показываются направления такого сопровождения инноваций, которые может создать союз гуманитарных наук.
Категория принципов в философии права Р. Дворкина
Authors: Коваль Софья Викторовна
Published: October 2019

В статье излагается анализ философии права Р. М. Дворкина (1931–2013), представителя англо-американской аналитической философско-правовой традиции. Категорию принципов Дворкин вводит как инструмент для критики правового позитивизма Г. Л. А. Харта (1907–1992) и как теоретическую базу своей правовой теории. Принципы, согласно Дворкину, являются правовой категорией и действуют наравне с нормами. Принципы относятся к более общему понятию «стандарты», так же, как и стратегии, поэтому для Дворкина важно разграничение принципов и стратегий. Принципы ориентируются на права, а стратегии на коллективную цель. Отличается понимание принципов Дворкиным и позитивистами, что влияет на определение пределов права.

Ссылаясь на хрестоматийные прецеденты, Дворкин показывает, что принципы обосновано входят в объем понятия права и доказывают несостоятельность подхода Харта: во-первых, его теории сложных дел, согласно которой судья в отсутствие нормы или ясной нормы, выносит решение, основанное на судейском усмотрении; во-вторых, трактовки права как открытой текстуры, которая может упускать из своего круга регулирования те или иные случаи, вследствие чего судья своим решением создает новые права и обязанности. В-третьих, через принципы Дворкин критикует норму признания — основополагающую норму или критерий, который определяет, что относится к праву, а что нет.
Interdisciplinar e innovador
Authors: Rojas Maria Claudia
Published: October 2019

La Universidad El Bosque acaba de estrenar tres posgrados. Sus más recientes apuestas educativas en el nivel superior avanzado tienen un enfoque común: la innovación. Las músicas colombianas, el sufrimiento antes de la muerte y la industrialización del ingenio artístico son en sí materias originales, o por lo menos, aún bien exóticas en nuestro medio. Tales mundos fueron convertidos en programas de maestría a partir de este semestre con una acogida inusual, que se explica por una combinación singular entre lo formativo y lo investigativo.
"La investigación no es solo sentarse a escribir cosas, sino que se puede hacer investigación mediante la forma, la composición, la organización del espacio”
Authors: Córdoba Natalia
Published: October 2019

Zokos es el seudónimo de Ricardo Correa como ilustrador y diseñador. Su obra se puede encontrar en los muros de Bogotá y Medellín, y en diferentes proyectos editoriales y de exposición (zokoslab.com). Sus ilustraciones en grandes formatos lo identifican como uno de los exponentes más destacados del arte urbano y del muralismo en el país. La ilustración la alterna con su trabajo como docente en la Facultad de Creación y Comunicación de la Universidad El Bosque. Hojas de El Bosque habló con él sobre el proceso de investigación detrás de su obra y de la investigación en artes en general.
Las pretensiones cientificistas de los ingenieros: un estudio a la epistemología de la Ingeniería
Authors: López-Cruz Orlando
Published: October 2019

A partir de una disertación sobre el concepto de investigación (research), contextualizada como una de las tres funciones de la Universidad, se explica cómo la discusión más relevante es cuál es el conocimiento pertinente y válido en Ingeniería, en contraste con la epistemología de la ciencia. Así, se arguye que la ingeniería cuenta con métodos propios de generación y validación de conocimiento, un conocimiento pertinente, propio y coherente que diverge del de las Ciencias naturales o las sociales.
Menopausia: la necesidad de una visión holística frente a la realidad femenina
Authors: Bayona Estupiñán Geobana Elizabeth , Barrios Arroyave Freddy Andrés
Published: October 2019

La salud de las mujeres ha sido poco investigada, y a su vez, no ha sido abordada pensando de manera objetiva en las necesidades de las mujeres, es decir, teniendo en cuenta aquellos factores biológicos que intervienen en el proceso salud-enfermedad, así como en los aspectos fisiológicos, psicológicos y sociales que ello implica.
La recuperación de la cuenca del río Bogotá: un reto más allá de lo ambiental
Authors: Santafé Millán Clara
Published: October 2019

El creciente desarrollo de las poblaciones humanas, las construcciones de diferente índole, vías, minas, la ampliación de las fronteras agrícolas, entre otros procesos económicos a lo largo de la cuenca del río Bogotá, requieren de estrategias urgentes para generar conciencia y aprendizaje de las comunidades acerca de los recursos, su manejo y conservación, en un país que es considerado como de los más biodiversos del mundo, y donde, además, el recurso hídrico y de calidad del aire son el potencial económico más importante dentro de las regiones.
Motivos espirituales de la evolución jurídica y meta del progreso jurídico: una visión desde la filosofía del derecho
Authors: Anzalone Angelo
Published: October 2019

¿cuáles son los motivos de la evolución jurídica? ¿Es más oportuno sostener un progreso jurídico in infinitum o in finitum? Mediante un breve recorrido especulativo, de corte neo-idealista y más concretamente espiritualista, deseamos compartir con el lector algunas posibles respuestas que tienen la finalidad de proclamar y reivindicar la verdadera importancia de los valores que deben presidir todas las manifestaciones jurídicas (pasadas, actuales y futuras): nos referimos a la libertad humana y a las personas entendidas como fundamento de juridicidad.
Estimativa de densidade de álcoois biocombustíveis pelo segundo coeficiente da equação virial
Authors: Pereira Merlo Nadine , Franco Júnior Moilton Ribeiro , Peres Chagas Samuel , Rodrigues de Araújo Felipe Rocha Nattácia , Augusto Pereira Warley , Santos Pompêu Gabriela Ciribelli , Oliveira Dourado Lynicker Yan
Published: October 2019

Os volumes molares ou densidades de seis álcoois puros pertencentes à indústria de biocombustíveis foram estimados para diferentes valores de temperaturas dentro da faixa entre 280 K e 333 K, utilizando um modelo desenvolvido a partir da equação de equilíbrio líquido-vapor ou Equação de Clausius- Clapeyron. O segundo coeficiente virial (B) foi calculado a partir de dados preditivos aplicados ao modelo. Como  amplamente conhecido, variações no valor de B refletiriam nos volumes molares dos compostos com resultado semelhante. Neste trabalho, observou-se que os desvios foram positivos para todas as espécies estudadas e aumentaram entre os álcoois de longa cadeia de carbono. Quando disponível, foi feita uma comparação entre o volume molar experimental e o predito.
School Adjustment, Locus of Control and Achievement Motivation as Predictor of Test Anxiety
Authors: Stella Ogbogo , Amaechi-Udogu Vivian
Published: October 2019

The study investigated school adjustment, locus of control and achievement motivation as predictor of test anxiety amongst secondary school students in obio-Akpor LGA in Rivers State Nigeria. Five research questions and four null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study Multiple prediction design within the correlational research design was employed for the study, the population of the study was 10,705 junior secondary school students (JSS1) in 14 schools in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area 0f Rivers state. Stratified sampling technique based on gender was used to obtain the sample size of 388 (male 190 and female 198). Four valid instruments titled; Test Anxiety Questionnaire (TAQ), Locus of Control Questionnaire (LOCQ), School Adjustment Questionnaire (SAQ) and Achievement Motivation Questionnaire (AMQ) were used for the study.  The reliability and construct validity of these instruments were estimated using the internal consistency method of Cronbach alpha. For Test Anxiety Questionnaire, Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient was .846, for Locus of Control Questionnaire it was .618, for Achievement Motivation Questionnaire, it was .545 and for School Adjustment it was .611. Research question 1, was answered using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation, while 2, 3, 4 and 5 were answered using simple and multiple regression.  At 0.05 level of significance, ANOVA associated with multiple regression and t-test associated with simple regression was used for testing the null hypothesis. The result revealed that test anxiety of secondary school students was high, school adjustment and achievement motivation predict test anxiety significantly with locus of control predicting test anxiety but not significantly. Jointly, school adjustment, locus of control and achievement motivation predicted test anxiety significantly. Based on findings recommendations were made.
The Effect of Job Satisfaction to Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Mediated by Organizational Commitment
Authors: Fitrio Tomy , Apriansyah Roky , Utami Sabrina , Yaspita Hasanah
Published: October 2019

This research aimed to find out the effect of job satisfaction to organizational citizenship behavior, organizational commitment to organizational citizenship behavior, and job satisfaction to organizational citizenship behavior mediated by organizational commitment at Economics College of Indragiri Rengat. The number of the sample in this research is 34, filled by the lectures of Economics College of Indragiri Rengat. This research used Saturated Sampling methods, where all population as the sample of this research. To collect all the data, this research used Closed Questionnaires techniques. This research used Likert Scale as data measurement techniques. This research used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) as data analysis techniques operated by Smart PLS 3.0 application. This research shows that: (1) job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect to organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), (2) organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect to organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), (3) job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect to organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), (4) organizational commitment mediated the effect between job satisfaction to organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) positively and significantly.
Residual ridge resorption, the effect on prosthodontics management of edentulous patient: an article review
Authors: Benhamida Sarra A , El Maroush Mohamed A , Elgendy Ahmed A , Elsaltani Mohamed H
Published: October 2019

Bone resorption is a chronic, progressive disease and irreversible process that occurs in all patients and can be classified into six different types. There are some of etiological factors that may cause resorbed ridge such as anatomical, prosthodontics, metabolic and systemic factors. The present article, were reviewed the literature concerning on possible mechanism, diagnosis, etiological factors and how to manage and prevent of resorbed ridge for edentulous patients
ADMINISTRATIVE RULES OF ADMISSION OF MIGRANTS FOR WORK IN DECREED PROFESSIONS
Authors: Voronkova Svetlana V.
Published: October 2019

In the article there are considered questions of legal regulation of the admission of foreign nationals (or individuals without nationality) to work in decreed professions in the Russian Federation. To date migration processes are shown to affect not only the demographic situation in our country, but the level of infectious diseases rates, especially in large cities. The health status of the population depends directly on the literacy level of workers in various industries, especially decreed contingents of high epidemiological risk. It is noted that along with the medical examination of foreign citizens (persons without citizenship) for issuance of a work permit or a patent in the Russian Federation in the framework of the immigration laws in Bodies of internal. Affairs, the law provides for obligatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations for certain types of work with registration of personal medical books, the passage of professional hygienic preparation and certification. These kinds of economic activities include organizations associated with the production, storage, transportation and sale of food products and drinking water, the upbringing and education of children, municipal and consumer services. There are considered provisions of the main legal acts in the volume of medical examinations and obligatory knowledge of Russian for obtaining the work permit of migrants. There are identified key organizational-legal and methodological and problematic aspects that require coordination of activities of state structures and functioning of enterprises. The training of the special contingent is noted to contribute to the improvement of medical-hygienic knowledge among foreign citizens and the population, prevention of infectious diseases, the formation of understanding the need for positive changes in lifestyle, and support the desire to change, contributes to the creation of appropriate motivation in relation to their health, development of skills of a healthy lifestyle. There are analyzed issues of the awareness of employees about the necessity of medical prevention, including healthy lifestyle, the main causes of non-compliance of legislation.
ON THE ISSUE OF THE USE OF HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES FOR HYGIENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Authors: Fridman K. B. , Novikova Yuliia A. , Belkin A. S.
Published: October 2019

The study was aimed to assess the dynamics of risk indices for population health at main stages of surface source water treatment for centralized domestic water supply of the Leningrad region communities. Practical application issues of calculation procedure for the integrated assessment of drinking water from centralized water supply by chemical safety indices, as exemplified by Vsevolozhsk communities (Leningrad region) water supply from the Lake Ladoga and the Neva River as water sources, are discussed. Results of quality monitoring of water from centralized domestic supply system at the stage of water intake, at the output of water treatment, and in the distributing system, accomplished by Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing administration and Center of hygiene and epidemiology in the Leningrad region were used as study materials. The following study techniques were used: descriptive statistics, comparative analysis, risk assessment, generalization. Microsoft Excel program was used for analysis and statistical treatment. Integral water quality index appears to be quite an informative integrated index of the efficacy of the water treatment, however, the same index value can be derived by various combinations of risk values of reflex-olfactory, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects. Therefore, during the calculations, a “risk index of the effects of chronic exposure” was introduced with a view to distinguishing them from effects caused by the adverse organoleptic properties of water (reflex-olfactory effects). For the population these properties are the main reason for refusal from the use drinking water, and at the same time they are physiological, lying outside the pathology. The risk of effects of chronic exposure, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic, expresses the probability of the development of pathology in time, but not the likelihood of an immediate refusal to use drinking water due to its unsatisfactory organoleptic qualities.
THE Q-LAW AS THE METHODICAL BASIS OF HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS TO THE LIGHT-ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Kaptsov Valery A. , Deynego V. N.
Published: October 2019

Modern light technicians come to the realization that besides the visual effect the light has non visual effect on eyes and health in general. This leads to the need to revise standards for coverage which should take into consideration not only business interests, but arguments of hygienists and ophthalmologists for the protection of human health from harmful effects of energy saving light sources. For the formation of requirements to the spectral composition of light sources it is necessary to generate a set of hygienic laws defining non-visual effects of light on eye tissues. As a result of the analysis of processes of interaction of light with the eye tissue we formulated the Q-law, which defines photobiological and cyclic processes with the delivery of destructive residues, that create the preconditions for the development of various diseases of the eye. Stability criteria for these photobiological processes and the dependence of the rate of accumulation of destructive residues from the light load of the eye can serve as a methodical basis for identification of additional hygienic requirements to the lighting human environment.
RADIOLOGICAL AND NUCLEAR TERRORISM - MEDICAL-BIOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC PROBLEMS
Authors: Ilin Leonid A.
Published: October 2019

The main aspects of radiological and nuclear terrorism have been considered in the paper. The nuclear terrorism scenario, i.e. the usage of nuclear weapons by terrorists has been emphasized to look unlikely. While the threat of radiological terrorism related to the usage of radioactive materials with the purpose of malicious exposure to the public, for example, by detonating of a “dirty bomb” with further radioactive contamination of the environment where people live, or by a hidden usage of radioactive materials appears to be rather realistic. The character and consequences of the usage of various types and sources of ionizing radiation from alpha-emitting radionuclides to gamma-, gamma-beta or beta-emitting radionuclides under external, internal or contact exposure have been discussed. The criteria of radiation impact to a person are emphasized to include both the absorbed dose and absorbed dose rate. In the case of external exposure it is necessary to consider the character of the exposure: total (whole body exposure) or local (some parts of a body) to a person; in the case of the internal exposure - features of distribution and metabolic characteristics of a specific radionuclide. Deterministic effects (acute radiation sickness, local radiation injury, chronic radiation sickness) and stochastic effects (malignant tumors, hereditary diseases) are considered as effects of the radiation exposure. Under the comparison of a radiation threat due to different pathways as a result of an act of radiological terrorism usually the first place is taken by the external exposure, followed by the internal exposure by inhalation intake of radionuclides, in the case of dispersed radioactive materials due to detonation - through wounds and burned skin surfaces; the lesser important pathway is oral intake of radionuclides. The analysis of various scenarios of the radiological terrorism shows the number of casualties with deterministic effects will be small, while the number of people with stochastic effects will not be discernible from spontaneous variation of levels of the prevalence rate of malignant tumors and hereditary diseases. The main negative factor of radiological terrorism is psychological impact of the terrorism associated with a radiation threat