bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of foliar spray of Amirthakaraisal on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) cultivation
Authors: Vassanthini Ratnarajah  , Niroash Gnanachelvam  , Brintha Karunarathna  , Sasikaran Vettivel
Published: August 2022

An experiment was carried out to study the performance of different concentrations of Amirthakaraisal, a foliar spray, on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) development and yield. The conducted experiment followed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the following treatments; T1 - Full recommended fertilizer, T2 - Compost 10 ton/ha, T3 - 5 ton/ha compost as basal and 5 ton/ha compost as topdressing, and 5 ton/ha compost as basal and 5 ton/ha compost as topdressing with 1% (T4), 3% (T5), 5% (T6) Amirthakaraisal as a foliar spray at 1st, 3rd and 5th week after planting. The results showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of pods per plant, and dry weights of leaf, stem, and root. However, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the fresh weight and dry weight of pods among the tested treatments. The study suggests that foliar application of Amirthakaraisal at a 5% level compared to 1% and 3% application is effective in improving okra plant growth.
Mechanical characteristics of Avlamè lateritic gravel improved with granite crushed for its use in road construction in Benin
Authors: Kocouvi Agapi Houanou  , Kpomagbé Serge Dossou  , Vincent Prodjinonto  , Paul Ahouétohou  , Emmanuel Olodo
Published: August 2022

Lateritic gravels are the most abundant road materials used in pavement foundations. With the scarcity of good quality materials, the recourse to lateritic gravels having weak technical characteristics, like the lateritic quarry of Avlamè Benin, is felt with the high price of stabilizers like cement, other methods must be explored in cooperation in order to reduce the cost of stabilization and, consequently, the cost of road construction and the risks related to the environmental pollution In this respect, it is imperative to determine the technical characteristics of the lateritic gravel of Avlamè improved with granitic crushed stone 0/31.5 for its use in the base course of flexible pavements. Thus, an experimental study on Avlamè lateritic gravel with different percentages of granitic crushed stone was carried out following the normative recommendations in road construction. This characterization allowed to highlight the technical properties of the lateritic gravel improved with granite crushed at different percentages. The results obtained show that the pass rate at 80 μm sieve goes from 27.77% to 10.51%, the plasticity index from 17.67% to 11.33%, the dry density at OMC from 2.17 t/m3 to 2.23 t/m3 and the CBR index at 95% at OMC from 58.00% to 108.67%. These results show that mix 2 (85%GL+15%CG), mix 3 (80%GL+20%CG), mix 4 (75%GL+25%CG), mix 5 (70%GL+30%CG) and mix 6 (65%GL+35%CG) can be used as a base course for flexible pavements in accordance with the normative requirements of the CEBTP revised in 2019 and the Catalogue of AGEROUTE-Senegal.
Classification of Forensic Examinations: The Approach Based on Forensic Expertology
Authors: D’yakonova O. G. , Ivanova E. V.
Published: August 2022

The article addresses the criteria for the classification of forensic examinations, including the analysis of the relevance of the division of the examinations into forensic and other. The authors reveal the contradictions in determining the names of forensic examinations conducted in various departments, they also demonstrate that the classification of examinations directly affects the training of forensic experts. The article provides some recommendations on the appointment of forensic examinations for the law enforcement officers.It is shown that to divide forensic examinations into classes, kinds, and types, an expertologic approach should be used: a comprehensive classification criterion defined within the framework of forensic expertology. In practical terms, the authors propose to enshrine the most frequently performed kinds (types) of examinations in a Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, and that departments should bring their internal orders in line with the list approved by the Government.
PENERAPAN REWARD DAN PUNISHMENT DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM SISWA DI SMKN 4 BONE
Authors: Waqiah Waqiah , Dj Muhammad Zuhri
Published: August 2022

Abstract               This thesis discusses how the application of reward and punishment in increasing motivation and learning achievement of Islamic religious education of students at SMK 4 Bone. This research is a qualitative research using three approaches namely the pedagogical approach, psychological approach and theological-normative approach. The data in this study were obtained through primary and secondary data namely observation and interviews directly to Islamic religious education teachers in the study site and also interviews directly to students in SMK 4 Bone by using research instruments in the form of observation guidelines, interview guidelines, documentation and analyzed with data reduction steps, data presentation and conclusion drawer.               This study aims to determine the application of reward and punishment in SMK 4 Bone, To find out the forms of the application of reward and punishment in SMK 4 Bone, and to find out the implications of the application of reward and punishment in increasing student motivation and achievement at SMK 4 Bone               Results of the research The process of applying rewards and punishments to improve student motivation and learning achievement at SMK 4 Bone, namely teachers and students make a deal that if students do their assignments well and excel will be rewarded. While students who do not do the work, disrupt the teaching and learning process, and do not obey the school rules, get punishment. As for the forms of rewards given to students such as gift giving, praise, body movements such as applause, thumbs up, etc. Whereas the Punishment given can be in the form of reprimands, additional tasks and body language / expressions (such as silence, looking away etc.).
Penanaman Pendidikan Multikultural dalam Mencegah Ekstrimisme pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Mauharir Muharir , Fauzi Fauzi , Mahfud Muntaha
Published: August 2022

Terbentuknya manusia yang berkualitas diperlukan untuk pembangunan bangsa yang akan datang, salah satunya dengan penanaman pendidikan multikultural yang dimulai sejak usia dini, karena pendidikan menjadi sarana penting dalam membentuk kepribadi anak. Tujuan dari penelitan ini  untuk mengetauai bagaiman PAUD Manahilul Funun dalam menanamkan pendidikan multikultural dalam mencegah ekstrimisma anak usia dini. Penelitian ini bersifat lapangan atau kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan adalah observasi lapangan dan wawancara terstruktur kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan model penelitian Miles and Hubermant yaitu berupa data reduction, data display dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitan ini: Pendidikan multikultural sejak usia dini dalam mencegah ekstrimisme dini di Manahilul Funun adalah sebagai berikut: penamana pendidikan komitmen kebangsaan, penamana pendidikan kebhinekaan toleransi, penamana pendidikan  kemanusiaan, penamana pendidikan kearifan Lokal. Pengenalan pendidikan mulitikulturasime ini perlu ditanamkan pada PAUD dini agar generasi pemuda akan selalu teguh memegang nilai-nilai kebinikaan dan saling menghormati atara ras dan agama.
Effects of forestry practices on the conservation of soil and forest ecosystem health and functioning: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: Moreaux Celine , Martin Phil , Hereş Ana-Maria , Yuste Jorge Curiel
Published: August 2022

Background: Forests host a majority of the world’s terrestrial biodiversity and provide habitats and numerous resources, making them a vitally important ecosystem for plants, animals and humans alike. However, forest ecosystems are continuously lost under pressures such as land use change and fragmentation, logging activities and climate change. Timber and other forest resources are in high demand, so different economic and environmental interests lead to conflicts between resource extraction and biodiversity conservation. Nonetheless, forest management practices differ in their intensity and conclusively in their impacts on forest ecosystem health. Although various evidence syntheses have been conducted for specific forestry practices or geographic regions, a global overview of these impacts is still lacking. We use an umbrella review of existing evidence syntheses to fill this knowledge gap and to provide a basis for designing better informed forest management strategies and policies. We address the research questions: 1. How do different forestry practices affect the conservation of soil and forest ecosystem health and functioning? 2. Which evidence synthesis gaps exist with regards to the effects of forestry practices on forest and soil health? and 3. What is the quality and reliability of evidence from existing meta-analyses and syntheses on impacts of forestry practices on forest and soil health?Methods: The review will be conducted using a standardised methodology for systematic reviews. We use relevant keywords on forest management and forest health to construct search strings for multiple published and grey literature databases. Inclusion criteria require that studies are meta-analyses reporting a quantitative effect size, focus on forest ecosystems, assess the effect of pre-defined forest management practices on pre-defined forest health indicators at different levels of intensity, and that the full manuscript is written in English. Relevant evidence syntheses are identified, collected and their quality critically appraised. A pre-defined list of data is extracted from the manuscripts into a global dataset, with a particular focus on the effect size and measures of heterogeneity. Finally, data synthesis will focus on narrative, tabular, and graphic summaries of the dataset to answer the research questions, highlight evidence gaps and make recommendations for future reviews, policies and decision-making.
Using item response theory modeling to address bias in genetic findings for happiness, life satisfaction, and social support
Authors: Pelt Dirk , Schwabe Inga , Bartels Meike
Published: August 2022

In the current study, we investigated the influence of using skewed sum scores on heritability estimates of life satisfaction and happiness, their genetic overlap, and gene by environment interactions (GxE) with perceived social support. To this end, we analyzed item-level data from a large adult sample (Ns between 3610 and 11,305, depending on the type of analysis) where item response theory (IRT) models were incorporated in all genetic analyses to control for (heterogeneous) measurement error. Adopting item-level IRT models, compared to analyzing sum scores, had small effects on variance component estimates, although these translated into larger effects on genetic correlations. Largest effects were found for the most skewed variable (social support). Finally, in the IRT model for life satisfaction, but not for happiness, heritability estimates decreased at higher social support levels, while this was not observed when analyzing sum scores. Together, our results indicate that IRT can be used to address psychometric issues, especially in the context of GxE, related to the use of sum scores for complex traits like well-being.
Knowledge and Attitude of General Dentists and Non-Orthodontic Specialists Towards Early Orthodontic Treatment – A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study
Authors: Deshmukh Shubham , Jatania Archana , Tiwari Anurag , Charde Pranjali , Dalvi Rutuja
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Malocclusion is one of the most important oral health problems among children and young adults, leads to social stigma and psychological disorders. Early detection of orthodontic disorders is essential in motivating patients to intervene prior to long-term complications when the disorders are not recognized. The aim of this study is to determine and evaluate the knowledge and attitude of general dentists and non-orthodontic specialists towards early orthodontic treatment.
Materials and Method: A total of 240 dentists and other specialists than orthodontists participated in the study. A questionnaire consisting of 3 domains having 17 items was circulated using Google forms. The responses were collected further coded and analysed to assess the knowledge and attitude scores. Data was entered in SPSS (v.21.0) and statistical analysis was performed. (p<0.05)
Result: A total of 122 general dentists and 122 non-orthodontic specialists responded to the questionnaire. The results showed that the non-orthodontic specialist had a higher mean knowledge score of 7.2 as compared to general dentists (6.1). Furthermore, both the study participants had a positive strong attitude towards improving their knowledge in early orthodontic treatment.
Conclusion: The study highlights the need of better education for treatment concepts in orthodontics to the general dentist and non-orthodontic specialist.
PERAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI PADA PARIWISATA INDONESIA
Authors: Rusdi Jack Febrian
Published: August 2022

Information and Communication Technology (IT) is a part that is firmly attached to the progress of world tourism. Unfortunately, this research on the role of IT has not received much attention from various studies produced in Indonesia. This article discusses the part of IT that can implement in multiple aspects of tourism. The method used is a literature review sourced from the Garuda portal. The study provides various research areas that can be carried out within the tourism sector, specifically to support the growth of tourism research and information technology in Indonesia.
“Native Speakers Do Not Understand Me”: A Phenomenological Study of Student Experiences from Developing Asian Countries at an American University
Authors: Tabasum Niroo Wolayat , Williams Mitchell
Published: August 2022

International students from developing Asian countries where English is the second and foreign language are marginalized in some American Universities due to language barriers. Native English speakers often assume that whoever comes to the United States should be able to speak and write English perfectly. In developing Asian countries, such as South Asia, however, the English language belongs to the families of the Middle and Upper classes. They can get admission in English spoken countries’ higher education institutions. However, when those students come to English-speaking countries, they feel othered, left alone, and disappointed. This study utilizes a phenomenological research method to tell thestudents' lived experiences from several Asian countries, including some isolated nations. Specifically, this study focuses on the writing challenges of students and how they utilize the limited resources to help them succeed.
Szociális párbeszéd és a klímasemleges politika
Authors: Jakab Nóra
Published: August 2022

A klímasemleges politika, a körforgásos gazdaság érvényesülése szempontjából kiemelten fontos az érintettek bevonása, a szociális partnerekkel folyatott párbeszéd. Az Európai Bizottság az európai zöld megállapodással megerősíti elkötelezettségét az éghajlat és környezetvédelmi kihívások kezelése iránt, amely a mi generációnk meghatározó feladata. A légkör felmelegedőben van, az éghajlat változása évről évre érzékelhető Ez az átállás méltányos kell, hogy legyen, maga pedig a méltányos átállási mechanizmus azokat a régiókat fogja támogatni, amelyek nagymértékben függnek a fokozottan szén-dioxid-intenzív iparágaktól.
Az ügyészség és a nyomozó hatóság kapcsolata a szerb és a magyar büntetőeljárás kezdeti szakaszában
Authors: Vári Vince
Published: August 2022

A tanulmány a szerb és a magyar büntetőeljárás nyomozati szakaszában vizsgálja az ügyész és a rendőrség kapcsolatrendszerét. Az ügyészég alkotmányos helyzete mellett bemutatásra kerül a szerb büntetőeljárásjogban az ügyész irányító szerepe a nyomozás megelőző eljárási szakaszban. Ismertetésre kerülnek Magyarországon azok a tényleges ügyészi jogkörök, amelyek az előkészítő eljárásban, a felderítésben és a vizsgálatban jelölik ki az ügyészség és a nyomozó hatóság kapcsolatának alapjait. Külön kiemelésre kerül a nyomozás megindításával és feljelentéssel kapcsolatos döntések csoportja. Az összegzés az összehasonlító elemzés következtetéseit tartalmazza.
CREATION OF GENERALIZED MODEL OF EDUCATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT IN THE SYSTEM «REASONABLE ACT OF HIGHER EDUCATION» ON THE EXAMPLE OF SPECIALTY 193 «GEODESY AND LAND MANAGEMENT»
Authors: Meteshkin K. , Kukhar M.
Published: August 2022

Now the trend of informatization and automation in various aspects of society is developing. Within the framework of this topic, an article was written highlighting the main ideas in the field of intellectual management of higher education institutions. Within the framework of this trend, models of system automation of constituent elements of management and functioning of higher education institutions in conceptual form are proposed. To do this, an analysis of the state of informatization of processes and phenomena in modern institutions of higher education.
The main conceptual provisions of modeling of processes and phenomena of higher education institutions are offered in the work. Based on the analysis of the results of creating intelligent systems, which is called "smart objects", as well as the main trends in the construction and use of applied information technology in higher education, the idea of ​​creating a concept of modeling processes and phenomena in higher education.
The main purpose of modeling is to combine the information technologies used in higher education and to create an intelligent information system "Smart Higher Education". Using the methods of aggregation and decomposition, the processes of functioning of a higher education institution are represented by a three-level system, in which information technologies of most types of support of the institution are distinguished.
A generalized model of educational and methodological support has been developed. Using this model, an example of educational and methodological support of specialty 193 "Geodesy and Land Management" is presented.
As a result, a semantic network was developed, built on the basis of models of disciplines of digital knowledge platforms of higher education. Such a network must meet the requirements of educational standards, in particular be isomorphic to the curriculum of the specialty and, ideally, have the property of transitive closure. And in the future the use of methods of decomposition and abstraction, as well as analysis of logical and heuristic models of knowledge representation led to the understanding that to formalize the functioning of higher education it is necessary to use topological formalities, including methods and representation of category theory. This mathematical apparatus will allow to abstract from insignificant and secondary elements of simulated objects and processes. Methods of system analysis, mathematical logic, heuristic methods were used to build models.
The basis for formalizing the elements of the knowledge base of the intelligent system "Smart Institution of Higher Education" has been developed.
AMELİYATHANE ÇALIŞANLARININ TERMAL KONFOR ŞARTLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: TÜRKAY Tuğba , GERDAN Serpil
Published: August 2022

İş sağlığı ve güvenliği; çalışma ortamında meydana gelebilecek kazaların önlenmesini, mesleki hastalıklara karşı maruziyetlerin en aza indirilmesini hedefleyen, yasalarla desteklenen bir bilim dalıdır. İş hijyeni; çalışanların çalışma ortamlarındaki maruz kaldıkları fiziksel, kimyasal, ergonomik ve biyolojik risklerin tespit edilmesini, ölçülmesini ve analiz edilmesini kapsamaktadır. Çalışma ortamlarında bulunan maruziyetlerin insan sağlığını etkileyecek boyutta olup olmadığı, birtakım standartlarla ölçüm ve analizler yapılarak tespit edilir. Fiziksel riskler grubunun en önemli etmenlerinden biri termal konfordur. Termal konforun dengeli olmadığı çalışma ortamlarında sıcak veya soğuk maruziyetinden kaynaklı hastalıklar meydana gelebilir, dikkatin yapılan işe verilememesine bağlı iş kazası riski artar. Çalışma ortamında termal konforun değerlendirilmesi için TS EN ISO 7730 standardı kullanılarak ölçümler gerçekleştirilir. Bu çalışmada, çalışanların soğuk olarak nitelendirdikleri ameliyathane odalarında termal konfor ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; ameliyathane çalışanlarında termal konfor açısından soğuk stres maruziyetinin olup olmadığını tespit etmektir. Ölçümler bir araştırma hastanesinin 12 farklı ameliyathane odasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın ölçüm sonuçları; PMV indekslerinin sınır değerler içerisinde kaldığını, PPD indeksinin ise en yüksek %34,11 olarak hesaplandığını göstermektedir. Elde edilen bulgular çalışmanın yapıldığı ameliyathane odalarında soğuk stres maruziyetinin olmadığını göstermektedir.
DESIGNING AN INVENTORY MODEL FOR THE BEHAVIOR OF DEPENDENCE ON LPG GAS CONSUMPTION OF 3 KG USING THE DYNAMIC SYSTEM SIMULATION METHOD IN LUWUK BANGGAI REGENCY
Authors: Aziz Izzul , Mail Abdul , Nusran Muhammad , Saleh Anis , Lantara Dirgahayu , Rauf Nurhayati , Fachry Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) or more commonly known as LPG gas is a gas stove fuel that comes from the results of liquefied petroleum gas and is then put into a tube, one of which is a 3-kilogram tube. The behavior of dependence on the consumption of 3-kilogram gas cylinders from the people of Banggai Regency can be seen from the use of non-subsidized 3 kilogram LPG gas, namely (±) 32. 002 people/group, the second is the consumption rate from subsidies and non-subsidies, namely 38. 864 units from total users, namely (±) 45. 000 people/groups with a supply of 30. 800 units and the third about frequent scarcity in 2020 and early 2021 reported by Banggai News and Obormotindok. Simulation Method Dynamic systems are modeling and running simulations of real systems to analyze problems and present solutions from policy scenarios from the researcher's perspective. By using this method, researchers can identify the behavior of 3 kilograms of gas consumption from the rate of consumption and demand through tables and graphs using the Powersim Studio 7 software. The results of the study present 3 policy scenarios, namely the first scenario regarding an increase in the transition to 99% non-subsidized gas cylinders with simulation results, namely September 1 2021 - October 1 2022 the demand is fulfilled, the second scenario regarding the addition of a 7th agent with simulation results, namely September 1 2021 - April 1 2023 demand can still be fulfilled and the third scenario regarding an increase in the transition to 99% non-subsidized gas cylinders and the addition of a 7th agent with simulation results, namely 1 September 2021 – 1 September 2023 the demand for needs is fulfilled. The conclusion is that the third policy scenario will be taken because among the policy scenarios presented, the preparation of tube supplies is fulfilled within two years, namely September 1 2021 - September 1 2023.
FEASIBLE SOLUTIONS TO THE BELLIGERENT CONFLICT BETWEEN RUSSIA AND UKRAINE
Authors:   HETC, Hooghly, WB, Bhattacharjee Avishek , Chaki Arunava ,   HETC, Hooghly, WB
Published: August 2022

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has thrown the world into disarray. After the devastating pandemic disaster, it's the most serious concern that has a direct or indirect impact on all of us. People are looking for practical and permanent solutions to what we have at-tempted to estimate by analyzing all of the incidents and speaking with local folks on the phone. As noted previously, we considered NATO enlargement as the cause to start this battle. We concentrated on humanitarian aid and social awareness in this area. Essentially, we attempted to discover some long-term solutions to these problems by reducing people's poverty and inequity, as well as analyzing their current basic necessities and determining how to reconstruct collapsed palaces and repatriate the immigrated people. The economy's decline was also a source of concern for us, and we sought to determine how to reverse it. In this article, the following issues in relation to various sources of information are discussed in an elegant way.
RECYCLING OF SEWAGE WATER FOR APARTMENT
Authors: Pramod Patil Prathamesh , Dadaso Desai Aditya , Desai Dr. Prof D.B ,   Shivaji University
Published: August 2022

Recycling of sewage water is most important topic in the world. In most of the areas waste water is thrown off in river and sea without any treatment. This waste water contents many pollutant components that can be harmful for human health and environment. Due to wastewater natural resources of fresh water are polluted and aquatic life is in dangerous. Knowing the importance of water and evaluating the risk makes waste water treatment necessary for avoiding future problem. The purpose of this project is to prevent natural water sources and to treat wastewater coming from human activity and prevent environment and human health. So minimize harmful component present into the wastewater using various method.
DESIGN OF A LOCK SYSTEM USING RFID AND GSM TECHNOLOGY
Authors:   PEEMADI Okene Kogi, Nigeria, S O Anaza , D JiyaJ , Y S Haruna
Published: August 2022

-Security is a key factor to the development of any nation, yet it is a one major challenges faced all over the world. Several measures which ranges from key lock system to a highly intelligent lock system employed to restrict unwanted person to certain areas do have some level of limitations. This paper present the design of security lock using Radio frequency Identification (RFID) system and Global system for Mobile (GSM) communication technology aimed to address some of this limitation. The proposed lock system identifies a user by an RFID tag, authenticate it by sending 4digit codes to its mobile phone using short message services (SMS) and allow (confirm) the user to gain entrance if the correct code is entered. The program was written and builds to debug any error using Mikro C software. The circuit was designed using Proteus software and linked to the hex file generated by Mikro C to simulate. The simulation results were satisfactory which shows that real lock system will work according to design.
ATTENDANCE MARKING AND GRADING (AMG) SYSTEM
Authors: K Arjun , I M Deepika , Prabhanjan Jois , Belligatti Kartik , K S Lakshmikanth ,   SDM Institute of Technology, Ujire, India
Published: August 2022

This study outlines the various processes and strategies used to collect needs, design, implement and evaluate a project in the Attendance, Marking and Grading (AMG) system. Problems with the current college system have been identified and addressed. The goal of this project is to solve some of these issues and, as a result, provide value to the current system. All participants' claims were collected, and we developed specifications, samples, and research-based software design on the basis of them. The project is launched as a Django-based website (python). We used the AMG method to troubleshoot existing difficulties using various types of information and tools that we obtained along the route. To lock it at the conclusion of the system, such as the system layout and the front beacon. The program has also been put through its paces, with good results. As a result, the findings can be incorporated into the existing system to help it operate better and alleviate some of its issues
I-HELMET”: WAY TO IMPROVE TYPICAL MINERS’ SAFETY
Authors: G.R.G.K Gamlath , A.H.D.M Silva , D.A.M Balasuriya , Rajapaksha R.P.S.C , Jayakody Dr.Anuradha ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology
Published: August 2022

Safety of life is the main challenge for all miners in the world today. Mining is one of the most dangerous activities in the world. The highest number of occupational deaths occurs in the mining industry. The safety of the miners in the mining industry is very important. Miners usually wear only a helmet with light for visibility. In some cases, it is difficult to identify the miner & #39; s health after an accident and give some advice about the miner’s health. Their life safety is at a very low level. So, we can reduce the risk of mining and improve efficiency. The system we propose in this research not only focuses on miners’ safety in the inside of the mine. In this research, we also focus on IoT applications. Using this application, we can get medical advice from doctors (Telemedicine) and can inform to the emergency unit. Also, this system has a gas detection system and Image processing to the environmental condition in mine and human through the accidents. The aim of this research is to create a software & hardware solution that provides a completely safe and automated experience for miners inside a mining site. It can be implemented in real-time and is expected to be implemented under general specifications for mining systems in the future.
Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid-based nanoparticles as delivery systems for enhanced cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Gao Lei , Li Jing , Song Tianhang
Published: August 2022

Cancer has emerged as one of the most severe diseases in modern times, various therapies have advanced remarkably in recent decades. Unlike the direct therapeutic targeting tumor cells, immunotherapy is a promising strategy that stimulate the immune system. In cancer immunotherapy, polymeric-based nanoparticles can serve as deliver systems for antigens and immunostimulatory molecules, and they have attracted increasing attention and revolutionized cancer therapy. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is the most frequently used clinically approved biodegradable polymer and has a broad scope of modification of its inherent properties. Recent advances in PLGA based drug delivery systems in cancer immunotherapy have been described in this mini review, with special emphasis on cancer vaccines and tumor microenvironment modulation.
Characteristics of Microbial Distribution in Different Oral Niches of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Nie Fujiao , Wang Lihua , Huang Yingying , Yang Pishan , Gong Pizhang , Feng Qiang , Yang Chengzhe
Published: August 2022

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), one of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck, is closely associated with the presence of oral microbes. However, the microbiomes of different oral niches in OSCC patients and their association with OSCC have not been adequately characterized. In this study, 305 samples were collected from 65 OSCC patients, including tumor tissue, adjacent normal tissue (paracancerous tissue), cancer surface tissue, anatomically matched contralateral normal mucosa, saliva, and tongue coat. 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) sequencing was used to compare the microbial composition, distribution, and co-occurrence network of different oral niches. The association between the microbiome and the clinical features of OSCC was also characterized. The oral microbiome of OSCC patients showed a regular ecological distribution. Tumor and paracancerous tissues were more microbially diverse than other oral niches. Cancer surface, contralateral normal mucosa, saliva, and tongue coat showed similar microbial compositions, especially the contralateral normal mucosa and saliva. Periodontitis-associated bacteria of the genera Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Campylobacter, and Aggregatibacter, and anaerobic bacteria were enriched in tumor samples. The microbiome was highly correlated with tumor clinicopathological features, with several genera (Lautropia, Asteroleplasma, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, Pyramidobacter, Roseburia, and Propionibacterium) demonstrating a relatively high diagnostic power for OSCC metastasis, potentially providing an indicator for the development of OSCC.
Remote evaluation of augmented reality interaction with personal health information
Authors: Shaer Orit , Otiono Jennifer , Qian Ziyue , Seals Ayanna , Nov Oded
Published: August 2022

This article discusses novel research methods used to examine how Augmented Reality (AR) can be utilized to present “omic” (i.e., genomes, microbiomes, pathogens, allergens) information to non-expert users. While existing research shows the potential of AR as a tool for personal health, methodological challenges pose a barrier to the ways in which AR research can be conducted. There is a growing need for new evaluation methods for AR systems, especially as remote testing becomes increasingly popular. In this article, we present two AR studies adapted for remote research environments in the context of personal health. The first study (n = 355) is a non-moderated remote study conducted using an AR web application to explore the effect of layering abstracted pathogens and mitigative behaviors on a user, on perceived risk perceptions, negative affect, and behavioral intentions. This study introduces methods that address participant precursor requirements, diversity of platforms for delivering the AR intervention, unsupervised setups, and verification of participation as instructed. The second study (n = 9) presents the design and moderated remote evaluation of a technology probe, a prototype of a novel AR tool that overlays simulated timely and actionable environmental omic data in participants' living environment, which helps users to contextualize and make sense of the data. Overall, the two studies contribute to the understanding of investigating AR as a tool for health behavior and interventions for remote, at-home, empirical studies.
Coastal adaptations on the eastern seaboard of South Africa during the Pleistocene and Holocene? Current evidence and future perspectives from archaeology and marine geology
Authors: Will Manuel , Bader Gregor D. , Sommer Christian , Cooper Andrew , Green Andrew
Published: August 2022

The use of marine resources and the settlement of coastal settlements may have influenced the bio-cultural evolution and dispersal of PleistoceneHomo sapiensin Africa. In order to test such scenarios, however, we require evidence for these behaviours deriving from an expanded spatio-temporal archaeological record. The Stone Age of South Africa documents the richest and longest record of coastal adaptations. In contrast to abundant evidence of coastal sites on the western and southern seaboard, the eastern Indian Ocean coast has not played a role in recent discussions. Considering the important and well-known Middle and Later Stone Age (MSA/LSA) record from inland sites of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), this region may be an underappreciated area for further study. Here we provide a systematic overview of marine resource use and the settlement of coastal landscapes during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene in KZN. For the first time, we contextualize these archaeological findings with a review and new data on the changing marine and coastal geomorphology in the context of GIS modelling and offshore marine geophysical investigations. Our review finds evidence for long-term dietary and non-dietary use of marine resources during the MSA and LSA from a few stratified sites, with many more surface occurrences particularly for the MSA along the modern KZN coastline indicating human habitation. Comparisons to other areas of South Africa, GIS modelling and geological considerations suggest that current data on the eastern seaboard are not reflective of the original extent and nature of the consumption of marine foods and settlement of coastal landscapes. By contextualizing the biased and patchy MSA and LSA record with results on the dynamic marine and coastal geomorphology of KZN, we develop productive lines of future studies to assess open questions on potential coastal adaptations in this region. These research strategies include the identification of areas with high potential for finding new sites within a 10 km transect along the current coastline as well as dedicated off-shore projects including underwater archaeology aided by new marine geological work in the southwest Indian Ocean.
Systemic effects of BMP2 treatment of fractures on non-injured skeletal sites during spaceflight
Authors: Zamarioli Ariane , Adam Gremah , Maupin Kevin A. , Childress Paul J. , Brinker Alexander , Ximenez Joao P. B. , Chakraborty Nabarun , Gautam Aarti , Hammamieh Rasha , Kacena Melissa A.
Published: August 2022

Unloading associated with spaceflight results in bone loss and increased fracture risk. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is known to enhance bone formation, in part, through molecular pathways associated with mechanical loading; however, the effects of BMP2 during spaceflight remain unclear. Here, we investigated the systemic effects of BMP2 on mice sustaining a femoral fracture followed by housing in spaceflight (International Space Station or ISS) or on Earth. We hypothesized that in spaceflight, the systemic effects of BMP2 on weight-bearing bones would be blunted compared to that observed on Earth. Nine-week-old male mice were divided into four groups: 1) Saline+Earth; 2) BMP+Earth; 3) Saline+ISS; and 4) BMP+ISS (n = 10 mice/group, but only n = 5 mice/group were reserved for micro-computed tomography analyses). All mice underwent femoral defect surgery and were followed for approximately 4 weeks. We found a significant reduction in trabecular separation within the lumbar vertebrae after administering BMP2 at the fracture site of mice housed on Earth. In contrast, BMP2 treatment led to a significant increase in trabecular separation concomitant with a reduction in trabecular number within spaceflown tibiae. Although these and other lines of evidence support our hypothesis, the small sample size associated with rodent spaceflight studies limits interpretations. That said, it appears that a locally applied single dose of BMP2 at the femoral fracture site can have a systemic impact on distant bones, affecting bone quantity in several skeletal sites. Moreover, our results suggest that BMP2 treatment works through a pathway involving mechanical loading in which the best outcomes during its treatment on Earth occurred in the weight-bearing bones and in spaceflight occurred in bones subjected to higher muscle contraction.
Metabolic reprogramming and crosstalk of cancer-related fibroblasts and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Zhu Yifei , Li Xinyan , Wang Lei , Hong Xiwei , Yang Jie
Published: August 2022

It is notorious that cancer cells alter their metabolism to adjust to harsh environments of hypoxia and nutritional starvation. Metabolic reprogramming most often occurs in the tumor microenvironment (TME). TME is defined as the cellular environment in which the tumor resides. This includes surrounding blood vessels, fibroblasts, immune cells, signaling molecules and the extracellular matrix (ECM). It is increasingly recognized that cancer cells, fibroblasts and immune cells within TME can regulate tumor progression through metabolic reprogramming. As the most significant proportion of cells among all the stromal cells that constitute TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are closely associated with tumorigenesis and progression. Multitudinous studies have shown that CAFs participate in and promote tumor metabolic reprogramming and exert regulatory effectsviathe dysregulation of metabolic pathways. Previous studies have demonstrated that curbing the substance exchange between CAFs and tumor cells can dramatically restrain tumor growth. Emerging studies suggest that CAFs within the TME have emerged as important determinants of metabolic reprogramming. Metabolic reprogramming also occurs in the metabolic pattern of immune cells. In the meanwhile, immune cell phenotype and functions are metabolically regulated. Notably, immune cell functions influenced by metabolic programs may ultimately lead to alterations in tumor immunity. Despite the fact that multiple previous researches have been devoted to studying the interplays between different cells in the tumor microenvironment, the complicated relationship between CAFs and immune cells and implications of metabolic reprogramming remains unknown and requires further investigation. In this review, we discuss our current comprehension of metabolic reprogramming of CAFs and immune cells (mainly glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism) and crosstalk between them that induces immune responses, and we also highlight their contributions to tumorigenesis and progression. Furthermore, we underscore potential therapeutic opportunities arising from metabolism dysregulation and metabolic crosstalk, focusing on strategies targeting CAFs and immune cell metabolic crosstalk in cancer immunotherapy.
Leaf turgor loss point is one of the best predictors of drought-induced tree mortality in tropical forest
Authors: Su Rui , Liu Hui , Wang Chen , Zhang Hui , Cui Jie
Published: August 2022

Accurately predicting global drought-induced tree mortality remains a major challenge facing plant science and ecology. Stem hydraulic safety margin (HSM, the difference between water potential at the minimum value and the value that causes xylem vulnerability to embolism) performs as one of the best hydraulic traits in predicting global drought-induced tree mortality, however, HSM is time-consuming and very difficult to measure. We proposed to use leaf turgor loss point (TLP, the water potential at which leaves start to wilt) as a proxy for HSM because HSM may be highly correlated to TLP, as both of them are tightly linked with water potential changes after stomatal closure. Since TLP is more easy and rapid to measure than HSM, if we find strong HSM-TLP relationships at the global scale, TLP can be used in predicting global drought-induced tree mortality. However, no study has quantified the relationships between HSM and TLP at the global scale. Here we draw together published data on HSM and TLP for 1,773 species from 370 sites worldwide to check whether HSM and TLP are highly associated. We found that HSMs and TLPs are merely highly related in tropical forests, thus TLP can be a reliable surrogate of HSM to predict drought-induced tree mortality in tropical forest. Here we are certainly not advocating for the use of TLP instead of HSM to predict drought-induced tree mortality in tropical forests, but simply for predicting drought-induced tree mortality in tropical forests in supplementary of HSM in the future.
Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes among the family Peltoperlidae (Plecoptera: Systellognatha) and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Wang Ying , Cao Jinjun , Guo Xuan , Guo Caiyue , Li Weihai , Murányi Dávid
Published: August 2022

Nowadays, the position of Peltoperlidae in Systellognatha has been resolved based on morphological analyses. However, there are different opinions based on molecular data. To date, only three peltoperlid mitogenomes are available, and more sampling is needed to obtain precise phylogenetic relationships. In this study, we obtained the complete mitogenomes of Cryptoperla kawasawai (15,832 bp) and Peltoperlopsis sagittata (15,756 bp). Our results show that gene content, gene order, DmTTF binding site, nucleotide composition, codon usage, ribonucleic acid (RNA) structure, and structural elements in the control region are highly conserved in peltoperlids. Heatmap analysis of codon usage shows that the AT-rich codons UUA, AUU, UUU, and AUA were commonly used codons in the Peltoperlidae. Evolutionary rate analyses of protein-coding genes reveal that different genes have been subject to different rates of molecular evolution correlated with the GC content. All tRNA genes in peltoperlid mitogenomes have a canonical cloverleaf secondary structure except for trnS1, whose dihydrouridine arm simply forms a loop. The control region of the family has several distinct structural characteristics and has the potential to serve as effective phylogenetic markers. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Perloidea, but the monophyly of Pteronarcyoidea is still not supported. The Peltoperlidae is placed as the earliest branch within the Systellognatha, and the estimated phylogenetic relationship is: Peltoperlidae + {(Styloperlidae + Pteronarcyidae) + [Perlidae + (Chloroperlidae + Perlodidae)]}. Our results provide new insight into the phylogeny of this group.
Lactate score predicts survival, immune cell infiltration and response to immunotherapy in breast cancer
Authors: Yin Ting-Ting , Huang Meng-Xing , Wang Fei , Jiang Yi-Hua , Long Jie , Li Liang , Cao Jie
Published: August 2022

Background: Tumor-derived lactate can modulate the function of infiltrating immune cells to establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment that favors tumor progression. However, possible effects of lactate-related genes (LRGs) on the tumor microenvironment (TME) of breast cancer (BRCA) are still unknown.

Methods: LRGs were comprehensively screened from lactate metabolism-related pathways. We correlated the expression of these LRGs with immune cell infiltrating characteristics in the TME and clinicopathological features of patients. We also established a lactate score for quantifying lactate metabolism patterns of cancers and to predict of recurrence-free survival (RFS).

Results: We successfully constructed a lactate score that was an independent prognostic factor in BRCA. A low lactate score, which was associated with immune activation with increased CD8+ T cells infiltration levels, indicated an inflamed TME. Consistently, higher expression levels of inhibitory immune checkpoints, including PD-L1, LAG3, CTLA4, and TIM3, as observed from high lactate score subgroup, suggested an immune-desert phenotype as well as poor prognosis. Moreover, a low lactate score predicted the increased chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity and enhanced anti-PD-1 immunotherapy responses.

Conclusion: The present study analyzed the potential roles of LRGs in the TME diversity and prognosis. These results will help to improve our understanding of the characteristics of TME immune cell infiltration and guide the development of more effective immunotherapy strategies.
A novel virotherapy encoding human interleukin-7 improves ex vivo T lymphocyte functions in immunosuppressed patients with septic shock and critically ill COVID-19
Authors: Crausaz Morgane , Monneret Guillaume , Conti Filippo , Lukaszewicz Anne-Claire , Marchand Jean-Baptiste , Martin Perrine , Inchauspé Geneviève , Venet Fabienne
Published: August 2022

A majority of patients with sepsis surviving the first days in intensive care units (ICU) enter a state of immunosuppression contributing to their worsening. A novel virotherapy based on the non-propagative Modified Virus Ankara (MVA) expressing the human interleukin-7 (hIL-7) cytokine fused to an Fc fragment, MVA-hIL-7-Fc, was developed and shown to enhance innate and adaptive immunity and confer survival advantages in murine sepsis models. Here, we assessed the capacity of hIL-7-Fc produced by the MVA-hIL-7-Fc to improve ex vivo T lymphocyte functions from ICU patients with sepsis. Primary hepatocytes were transduced with the MVA-hIL-7-Fc or an empty MVA, and cell supernatants containing the secreted hIL-7-Fc were harvested for in vitro and ex vivo studies. Whole blood from ICU patients [septic shock = 15, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) = 30] and healthy donors (n = 36) was collected. STAT5 phosphorylation, cytokine production, and cell proliferation were assessed upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation in presence of MVA-hIL-7-Fc–infected cell supernatants. Cells infected by MVA-hIL-7-Fc produced a dimeric, glycosylated, and biologically active hIL-7-Fc. Cell supernatants containing the expressed hIL-7-Fc triggered the IL-7 pathway in T lymphocytes as evidenced by the increased STAT5 phosphorylation in CD3+ cells from patients and healthy donors. The secreted hIL-7-Fc improved Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and/or Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) productions and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte proliferation after TCR stimulation in patients with bacterial and viral sepsis. This study demonstrates the capacity of the novel MVA-hIL-7-Fc–based virotherapy to restore ex vivo T cells immune functions in ICU patients with sepsis and COVID-19, further supporting its clinical development.