bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Physical Exercise Prescription Application for Reduction of Functional Movement Limitation in College Students
Authors: Lin Peng , Tongdecharoen Wisute , Tasnaina Nopporn
Published: October 2023

Background and Aims: The physical decline of college students is greatly affected by the modern lifestyle. College students sit in bad posture for a long time and use electronic products for a long time, and at the same time lack exercise, resulting in increasingly serious restrictions on the functional movement of the body. In this regard, we hope to use modern advanced technology to build an application that can guide college students with functional movement limitations to perform physical training. This paper aims; (1) To investigate the limitations of functional movements among college students. (2) To design physical exercise prescriptions for reduction of functional movement limitation. (3) To construct an application for physical exercise prescription for reduction of functional movement limitation. (4) To experience the application to compare the reduction of functional movement limitation with pre-test and post-test.
Materials and Methods: In the two flexible test movements of active straight leg raise and shoulder flexible in FMS, we added 4 and 12 observation factors by Modify Delphi. After the physical exercise prescription was investigated by the expert IOC, all the content was recognized by the expert. Based on the preliminary content, we have built the Physical Exercise Prescription Application for Reduction of Functional Movement Limitation with an exact validity value equal to 1 and reliability while conducting the Chi-Square test of the application and expert group, we found that the application and experts are consistent. For physical exercise prescriptions, we compared the application and experts to find that the Chi-Square value is between 1 to 3 and has a large consistency. The Chi-Square Value of the evaluation process is 0.087, and the consistency evaluated by the application and experts is as high as 76.8%.
Results: We used the application to conduct an 8-week experimental intervention of 35 college students. Using the physical exercise prescriptions recommended by the application, through the t-test, students' shoulder flexibility and active straight leg raise are raised significantly (P <0.05).
Conclusion: The application can solve the problem of functional movement limitation of college students. In the future, with the increase of capital investment and the expansion of data volume, the application will be able to solve the basic problems of functional movement limitation to more different levels of motion pyramids. To encourage to exanthem case more healthily.
CRITERIA MODEL ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT FIRE HAZARD LEVEL IN HYDROGEN POWER INDUSTRY
Authors: Samigullin Gafur , Timoshenko Artem
Published: October 2023

The work is aimed at the solving the problem of fire safety by quantitative risk assessment during the operation of process equipment where hydrogen-containing gas is used, transported or stored. Such process areas mainly include hydrogen storage tanks, electrolysis plants, rooms containing hydrogen receivers, hydrogen compressor stations, etc. The list of hydrogen gas fire hazard indicators is presented in the work, the ways of definition of these indicators (parameters of criterial model) for a technological site are described, on the basis of the developed program for electronic computing machine the method of reference of technological object to a certain risk category is offered. This model is applicable only for closed technological sites where apparatuses and (or) pipelines in which hydrogen-containing gas with purity not less than 99,9 % is circulating are placed.
El Impacto de la Tecnología en la Atención de Enfermería en el Hogar.
Authors: Sánchez Morales Diego , Gómez Mendoza Valentina
Published: October 2023

El uso de tecnología en la atención de enfermería en el hogar ha mejorado el acceso a la información, la comunicación, la eficiencia del seguimiento y el monitoreo de pacientes, lo que ha llevado a una mejora en la calidad de atención y seguridad del paciente. Sin embargo, también existen desafíos como la complejidad de los sistemas y la necesidad de capacitación y educación continua para el personal de enfermería, así como preocupaciones sobre privacidad y bienestar emocional de los pacientes. Es importante evaluar el impacto de la tecnología en la atención de enfermería en el hogar para comprender sus beneficios y desafíos y mejorar la atención de enfermería en el hogar.
Enfermería en Contexto de Trabajo en Salud Pública en América Latina
Authors: López Vargas Gabriela , Rodríguez García Juan Carlos
Published: October 2023

El personal de enfermería es fundamental para brindar servicios de salud de calidad en América Latina, pero se enfrenta a desafíos únicos debido a las disparidades económicas y sociales en la región. Estos desafíos incluyen el acceso desigual a servicios de salud, la falta de recursos y la desigualdad educativa. El objetivo de este artículo de revisión es analizar la investigación reciente sobre la enfermería en el contexto de trabajo en salud pública en América Latina, identificando los desafíos a los que se enfrenta el personal de enfermería y discutiendo las estrategias propuestas para abordarlos. También se busca identificar las limitaciones existentes en la investigación en este campo y proponer áreas para futuras investigaciones. Se consultará la base de datos Scopus en los últimos 5 años para identificar los trabajos publicados en el tema.
Digital twins for internal combustion engines: A brief review
Authors: Tran Viet Dung , Sharma Prabhakar , Nguyen Lan Huong
Published: October 2023

The adoption of digital twin technology in the realm of internal combustion (IC) engines has been attracting a lot of interest. This review article offers a comprehensive summary of digital twin applications and effects in the IC engine arena. Digital twins, which are virtual counterparts of real-world engines, allow for real-time monitoring, diagnostics, and predictive modeling, resulting in improved design, development, and operating efficiency. This abstract digs into the creation of a full virtual depiction of IC engines using data-driven models, physics-based simulations, and IoT sensor data. The study looks at how digital twins can potentially be used throughout the engine's lifespan, including design validation, performance optimization, and condition-based maintenance. This paper emphasizes the critical role of digital twins in revolutionizing IC engine operations, resulting in enhanced reliability, decreased downtime, and enhanced emissions control through a methodical analysis of significant case studies and innovations.
การลงโทษโดยสังคม
Authors: พิริยะรังสรรค์ สังศิต
Published: October 2023

วัตถุประสงค์หลักของการวิจัยนี้ ต้องการที่จะศึกษาถึงลักษณะของการดำรงอยู่และการทำงานตามกลไกของการลงโทษโดยสังคม (Social sanctions) และความเป็นไปได้ที่จะนำเอากลไกดังกล่าวมาใช้เป็นมาตรการร่วมกับการบังคับใช้ตามกฎหมายการวิจัยนี้ได้สำรวจข้อมูลที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการลงโทษโดยสังคมและการต่อต้านคอร์รัปชันทั้งในประเทศไทยและการเคลื่อนไหวมวลชนขนาดใหญ่ในต่างประเทศ เช่น ฟิลิปปินส์ อินโดนีเซีย อียิปต์ และไต้หวัน จากการศึกษาพบว่าการลงโทษโดยสังคมเป็นการทำงานร่วมกันระหว่างปทัสถานในระดับชุมชนหรือระดับจุลภาคกับปทัสถานในระดับสังคมหรือระดับมหภาคและตัวกลาง (Agent) ซึ่งจะทำหน้าที่กำกับดูแลการบังคับโดยผ่านการลงโทษโดยสังคม (Social sanctions) ต่อบรรดาสมาชิกของสังคมทั้งที่เป็นมาตรการเชิงบวก (Positive social sanctions) ด้วยการให้รางวัล หรือการแสดงความชื่นชมต่อผู้เป็นตัวอย่างที่ดีของสังคม และที่เป็นการลงโทษ (Negative social sanctions) ต่อผู้ฝ่าฝืนปทัสถาน
Modernitas Kehidupan Beragama Dalam Perkembangan Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Jaelani Juhri
Published: October 2023

Religion as a way to get to God makes people have different perspectives. This perspective does little to make humans have exclusive characteristics in religious life. This study aims to describe Muhammad Abduh's thoughts about the role of religion and education in national life. This study uses a qualitative approach with the method of literature (library research). Data collection techniques in this study used descriptive analysis methods by reading, understanding, studying and analyzing Muhammad Abduh's thoughts. The results of the study show that Muhammad Abduh places reason in its true position, namely reason is the main capital in carrying out religious and national life. As well as methods for developing good and right minds, one of which is through the educational process. So in the context of education, Muhammad Abduh gave an idea to adjust the fulfillment of learning material between the needs of the mind and the soul so that it becomes balanced and can obtain happiness in this world and in the hereafter.
Model Pembelajaran Modifikasi Tingkah Laku Dan Implementasinya dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Haryati Tati , Syahidin Syahidin
Published: October 2023

Behavioral modification-based learning model is considered necessary as it helps achieve learning outcome, that is to modify learners’ behavior to get expected personality. This model includes physical and biological aspects of learners. The model also requires a comprehensive and detail account of certain behaviors so that it can provide a comprehensive alternative to change the behavior.  This literature study aims to explore how this behavioral modification-based learning model can be implemented in Islamic education. Data of the study are derived from relevant articles and books on behavioral modification and its relevance to Islamic education. Findings and analysis show that many aspects, principles, purposes, methods, and procedures of behavioral modification theory are applicable in the area of Islamic education. This is because the main of Islamic education is to change learners’ maladaptive behaviors into the adaptive and acceptable behavior. This modification is necessary to develop Muslim students with good characters.
Use of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Migraines in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Mason Ashley , Fragapane Lauren , Toledo-Nieves Zuleyma , Moreo Natalie , Aungst Angela , Robertson Derrick , Maldonado Janice
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Migraines are a common comorbidity and source of disability in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). Recently, therapeutic agents for episodic and chronic migraine known as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibitors have shown to effectively control migraine attacks and improve quality of life in the general population. This study explored the use of these novel agents in individuals with comorbid MS.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective, population-based cohort study at the University of South Florida's neurology clinic; it evaluated individuals with both MS and migraine.

RESULTS:

A total of 27 individuals with MS and chronic or episodic migraine who received treatment with a CGRP monoclonal antibody were identified. Of these, 63% reported a reduction in their migraine frequency of greater than 75%. Concurrent use of a disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for MS occurred in 82% of patients, and in 37% of these, the DMT used was also a monoclonal antibody. Adverse effects from CGRP monoclonal antibodies were mild and occurred in only 11% of patients, and no patient experienced worsening of their MS symptoms during cotreatment over the duration of the study.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study showed a significant reduction in migraine frequency and a favorable adverse event profile for individuals with comorbid MS who took CGRP monoclonal antibodies and experienced no worsening of MS symptoms. In individuals with MS, CGRP monoclonal antibodies seem to be a safe and effective therapy for episodic or chronic migraine.
ГУБИЦИ СТАНОВНИШТВА ОПШТИНЕ КОЗАРСКА ДУБИЦА ТОКОМ ДРУГОГ СВЈЕТСКОГ РАТА
Authors: Јанковић Марко
Published: October 2023

На основу доступне грађе и литературе у раду се разматрају губици становништва током Другог свјетског рата на територији данашње Општине Ко- зарска Дубица. Термин „територија данашње Општи- не Козарска Дубица“ понавља се на више мјеста у самом раду са циљем да се разбију нека устаљена, према аутору, погрешна мишљења, која су у српску историографију ушла заједно са књигом Душана Д. Самарџије Босанскодубичко подручје у НОР-у и соција- листичкој револуцији 1941–1945. Према аутору, Са- марџија и сарадници нису најбоље разумјели терито- ријалне промјене спроведене након Другог свјетског рата, што је довело до погрешних тумачења и прора- чуна у укупним губицима на територији Општине Ко- зарска Дубица.
Plagiarism in Biomedical Research
Authors: Ovchinnikov Dmitrii Valer'evich , Chernyavskii Evgenii Aleksandrovich , Yatmanov Aleksei Nikolaevich
Published: October 2023

The author analyzes the problem of plagiarism in biomedical research. The subject of the study is plagiarism in biomedical research. The specifics of biomedical research are considered, the main international documents regulating the conduct of biomedical research on humans and the basic principles of such research are given. The features of plagiarism in scientific research are revealed, its concept and varieties are considered. The specifics of the work of anti-plagiarism systems and the associated difficulties are analyzed. Plagiarism in biomedical research is a serious violation of research and publication ethics, which, if intentionally committed, leads to discrediting of science and scientists and the illegality of research activities. According to the results of the study, the following results were obtained. The use of borrowings undermines the authenticity of scientific papers and journals publishing them, threatens the unity of the scientific process and the attitude of society towards science, violates the literary rights of the authors of original texts and the property rights of copyright holders. Plagiarism can cause material, reputational and moral harm to authors such as: public disclosure of data, loss of funding for ongoing research, difficulties in the professional growth of the authors of the article or the complete completion of research work, and in some cases is a crime and leads to litigation.
MicroRNA-218 instructs proper assembly of hippocampal networks
Authors: Taylor Seth R , Kobayashi Mariko , Vilella Antonietta , Tiwari Durgesh , Zolboot Norjin , Du Jessica X , Spencer Kathryn R , Hartzell Andrea , Girgiss Carol , Abaci Yusuf T , Shao Yufeng , De Sanctis Claudia , Bellenchi Gian Carlo , Darnell Robert B , Gross Christina , Zoli Michele , Berg Darwin K , Lippi Giordano
Published: October 2023

The assembly of the mammalian brain is orchestrated by temporally coordinated waves of gene expression. Post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) is a key aspect of this program. Indeed, deletion of neuron-enriched miRNAs induces strong developmental phenotypes, and miRNA levels are altered in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the mechanisms used by miRNAs to instruct brain development remain largely unexplored. Here, we identified miR-218 as a critical regulator of hippocampal assembly. MiR-218 is highly expressed in the hippocampus and enriched in both excitatory principal neurons (PNs) and GABAergic inhibitory interneurons (INs). Early life inhibition of miR-218 results in an adult brain with a predisposition to seizures. Changes in gene expression in the absence of miR-218 suggest that network assembly is impaired. Indeed, we find that miR-218 inhibition results in the disruption of early depolarizing GABAergic signaling, structural defects in dendritic spines, and altered intrinsic membrane excitability. Conditional knockout of Mir218-2 in INs, but not PNs, is sufficient to recapitulate long-term instability. Finally, de-repressing Kif21b and Syt13, two miR-218 targets, phenocopies the effects on early synchronous network activity induced by miR-218 inhibition. Taken together, the data suggest that miR-218 orchestrates formative events in PNs and INs to produce stable networks.
Structural foundation for the role of enterococcal PrgB in conjugation, biofilm formation, and virulence
Authors: Sun Wei-Sheng , Lassinantti Lena , Järvå Michael , Schmitt Andreas , ter Beek Josy , Berntsson Ronnie P-A
Published: October 2023

Type 4 Secretion Systems are a main driver for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in bacteria. In Gram-positives, these secretion systems often rely on surface adhesins to enhance cellular aggregation and mating-pair formation. One of the best studied adhesins is PrgB from the conjugative plasmid pCF10 of Enterococcus faecalis, which has been shown to play major roles in conjugation, biofilm formation, and importantly also in bacterial virulence. Since prgB orthologs exist on a large number of conjugative plasmids in various different species, this makes PrgB a model protein for this widespread virulence factor. After characterizing the polymer adhesin domain of PrgB previously, we here report the structure for almost the entire remainder of PrgB, which reveals that PrgB contains four immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains. Based on this new insight, we re-evaluate previously studied variants and present new in vivo data where specific domains or conserved residues have been removed. For the first time, we can show a decoupling of cellular aggregation from biofilm formation and conjugation in prgB mutant phenotypes. Based on the presented data, we propose a new functional model to explain how PrgB mediates its different functions. We hypothesize that the Ig-like domains act as a rigid stalk that presents the polymer adhesin domain at the right distance from the cell wall.
Spinal neural tube formation and tail development in human embryos
Authors: Santos Chloe , Marshall Abigail R , Murray Ailish , Metcalfe Kate , Narayan Priyanka , de Castro Sandra CP , Maniou Eirini , Greene Nicholas DE , Galea Gabriel L , Copp Andrew J
Published: October 2023

Primary and secondary neurulation – processes that form the spinal cord – are incompletely understood in humans, largely due to the challenge of accessing neurulation-stage embryos (3–7 weeks post-conception). Here, we describe findings from 108 human embryos, spanning Carnegie stages (CS) 10–18. Primary neurulation is completed at the posterior neuropore with neural plate bending that is similar, but not identical, to the mouse. Secondary neurulation proceeds from CS13 with formation of a single lumen as in mouse, not coalescence of multiple lumens as in chick. There is no evidence of a ‘transition zone’ from primary to secondary neurulation. Secondary neural tube ‘splitting’ occurs in 60% of proximal human tail regions. A somite is formed every 7 hr in human, compared with 2 hr in mice and a 5 hr ‘segmentation clock’ in human organoids. Termination of axial elongation occurs after down-regulation of WNT3A and FGF8 in the CS15 embryonic tailbud, with a ‘burst’ of apoptosis that may remove neuro-mesodermal progenitors. Hence, the main differences between human and mouse/rat spinal neurulation relate to timing. Investigators are now attempting to recapitulate neurulation events in stem cell-derived organoids, and our results provide ‘normative data’ for interpretation of such research findings.
A cryo-ET study of ciliary rootlet organization
Authors: van Hoorn Chris , Carter Andrew P.
Published: October 2023

Ciliary rootlets are striated bundles of filaments that connect the base of cilia to internal cellular structures. Rootlets are critical for the sensory and motile functions of cilia. However, the mechanisms underlying these functions remain unknown, in part due to a lack of structural information of rootlet organization. In this study, we obtain 3D reconstructions of membrane-associated and purified rootlets using cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET). We show that flexible protrusions on the rootlet surface, which emanate from the cross-striations, connect to intracellular membranes. In purified rootlets, the striations were classified into amorphous (A)-bands, associated with accumulations on the rootlet surface, and discrete (D)-bands corresponding to punctate lines of density that run through the rootlet. These striations connect a flexible network of longitudinal filaments. Subtomogram averaging suggests the filaments consist of two intertwined coiled coils. The rootlet’s filamentous architecture, with frequent membrane-connecting cross-striations, lends itself well for anchoring large membranes in the cell.
Evolution of haploid and diploid populations reveals common, strong, and variable pleiotropic effects in non-home environments
Authors: Chen Vivian , Johnson Milo S , Hérissant Lucas , Humphrey Parris T , Yuan David C , Li Yuping , Agarwala Atish , Hoelscher Samuel B , Petrov Dmitri A , Desai Michael M , Sherlock Gavin
Published: October 2023

Adaptation is driven by the selection for beneficial mutations that provide a fitness advantage in the specific environment in which a population is evolving. However, environments are rarely constant or predictable. When an organism well adapted to one environment finds itself in another, pleiotropic effects of mutations that made it well adapted to its former environment will affect its success. To better understand such pleiotropic effects, we evolved both haploid and diploid barcoded budding yeast populations in multiple environments, isolated adaptive clones, and then determined the fitness effects of adaptive mutations in ‘non-home’ environments in which they were not selected. We find that pleiotropy is common, with most adaptive evolved lineages showing fitness effects in non-home environments. Consistent with other studies, we find that these pleiotropic effects are unpredictable: they are beneficial in some environments and deleterious in others. However, we do find that lineages with adaptive mutations in the same genes tend to show similar pleiotropic effects. We also find that ploidy influences the observed adaptive mutational spectra in a condition-specific fashion. In some conditions, haploids and diploids are selected with adaptive mutations in identical genes, while in others they accumulate mutations in almost completely disjoint sets of genes.
A Study on Knowledge Level and Attitude of Farmers towards Organic Farming in Ananthapuramu District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Chandhana Bhumireddy , Sashikala G. , Reddy B. K. Kishore , Madhavi K. , Sudharani Smt. K. , Sadhineni S. N. Malleswari
Published: October 2023

Organic farming is practicing in 187 countries, and 72.3 million hectares of agricultural land were managed organically by at least 3.1 million farmers. India is home to 30% of total organic producers in the world having 2.30 million ha (NCOF, 2021). A study was conducted in ten mandals of Ananthapuramu district with sample size of 100 and farmers were selected randomly. Pearson correlation, frequency, percentage, mean were calculated. From the results it was noticed that farmers have more knowledge related to statements viz., organic farming is a type of farming system in which crops are grown without the use of chemical inputs (85%) and knowledge gap percentage was 15. Farmers have positive attitude on statement I can obtain optimum production level in organic farming if we rear livestock at our farm with score of 244 and attitude gap percentage of 20 followed by organic farming will decrease the production cost by reducing the input purchases score of 243 and attitude gap percentage of 19. Education, extension contact, information seeking behaviour and awareness about organic farming variables were positively significant and highly correlated with attitude of farmers towards organic cultivation. Major constraints faced by the farmers were lack of skill regarding the preparation and usage of organic inputs (80%) followed by complicated methods for production of organic inputs and absence of premium price for organic produce in the local market (71%). Major suggestion were direct procurement of organic produce by government and supply to Midday Meals Scheme and Public Distribution System.
Farm-Scale Mapping of Soil Microbiological Indicators Using Geostatistical Technique
Authors: Gorai Tapan , Ahmed Nayan , Sahoo Rabi Narayan
Published: October 2023

Soil microbiological properties viz. soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) are sensitive soil quality indicators. Spatial modeling and prediction map of soil MBC and DHA were generated for a semiarid agricultural farm, New Delhi, India from 288 geo-referenced grid samples spaced 100 m × 100 m distance using geospatial techniques and geo-statistics. Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) ranged from 19.7 to 519.7 µg g-1 with standard deviation of 84.1 and soil DHA varied from 1.2 to 17.2 µg TPF g-1 dry soil hr-1 with sample variance of 10.89. Soil MBC and DHA had high data viability with coefficient of variation (CV) of 42.5 % and 53.2%, respectively. The best fit semivariogram for both soil MBC and DHA was exponential model and had practical spatial range of 1500 m and 1473 m respectively. Environmental disturbances or extrinsic factors dominantly influenced the spatial variability of soil MBC, expressing its weak spatial dependency.  Besides, both soil structural/internal factors and extrinsic factors controlled soil DHA variability with moderate level of spatial dependency. Spatial variability map of soil MBC and DHA, prepared with good accuracy through ordinary kriging in GIS software, showed that major area of the farm had soil MBC ranging from 150 to 250 mg kg-1 and had DHA from 1.2 to 10 µg TPF g-1 dry soil hr-1.
Calibration of the DSSAT-CERES Wheat Crop Model under Scenarios of Climate Change Adaptation and Biotic Stress
Authors: Dawoud Rehab A. , Noreldin Tahany , Shehata Rania S. , Moawod Hanan , Kasem Amira
Published: October 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the 2018/2019 wheat growing season in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. This is to assess the potential impact of climate change on wheat production under different irrigation treatments using the DSSAT-CERES wheat simulation model and climate change scenarios; to determine the best sowing date to be used as an adaptation strategy under climate change scenarios.
The model effectively simulates wheat yield, with a high goodness of fit and d-Stat value, and low root mean square per observation, resulting in an overall goodness of fit of average 13.8 kg/fed. The model's performance was satisfactory, with high R2 and d-Stat values and low RMSE/obs, with overall values of 0.830, 0.951, and 2.3 mm, respectively for water consumption. The CERES-Wheat model accurately simulates wheat yield and water consumption, allowing us to assess climate change's impact on wheat yield in 2030 and 2040.  The study shows a decrease in solar radiation (SR) by 1.9 and 2.1 MJ/m2/day in 2030 and 2040, while maximum temperature increases by 1.5 and 1.9°C due to climate change, and minimum temperature decreases by 1.8 and 2.3°C in 2030 and 2040. This results in an increase in potential evapotranspiration (PET) by 0.2 and 0.3 mm. The study predicts that season length will shorten in 2030 and 2040 due to temperature increases. In 2030, it will be reduced by 2, 4, and 4 days under different treatments. In 2040, it will be lower, with reductions of 3, 5, and 5 days. The study found that wheat yield losses would be lowest under the first sowing date and irrigation treatment, while the highest reductions were found under the third treatment. Climate change will reduce wheat water consumption due to shorter growing seasons and heat stress, with the lowest reductions occurring in 2030 and 2040 at 8 and 18%, respectively. The highest reductions in wheat yield were observed under the third sowing date and irrigation treatment. We suggest planting wheat in November, using full irrigation to prevent high-yield losses, and implementing adaptation strategies to reduce wheat plant vulnerability to climate change risks.
Tarihsel Arka Planıyla Lozan Barış Antlaşması ve Ders Kitaplarına Yansıması
Authors: TOKMAK Ahmet , KARA İlyas
Published: October 2023

Lozan Barış Antlaşması Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluşuna ilişkin bir tescil belgesi niteliği taşımaktadır. Osmanlı Devleti’nin Birinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan mağlup ayrılması ve akabinde ağır şartlarla imzalanan Mondros Mütarekesi sonrasında yurdun farklı bölgelerinde başlayan direniş hareketi Mustafa Kemal liderliğinde tüm yurdu temsil eden bir Millî Mücadele hareketine dönüşmüş ve elde edilen zaferler diplomatik başarıları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu araştırmada Lozan Barış’ının Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İnkılap Tarihi ders kitapları ve öğretim programlarında nasıl ele alındığı nitel araştırma ilkeleri doğrultusunda doküman analizi yöntemiyle araştırılmış, antlaşmanın tarihsel arka planına, metin içeriklerinde kullanılan kalıp ifadelere, görsellere ve öğretim programında yer alan kazanımlara ilişkin inceleme ve değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda Lozan Barış Antlaşması’na ilişkin tarihsel arka planın yeterince doldurulmadığı, antlaşmaya ilişkin anlatımlarda sık ve benzer kalıp ifadeler kullanıldığı, görsellere ilişkin yeterince açıklamaya yer verilmediği belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları doğrultusunda Lozan Barış Antlaşması’nın ders kitaplarındaki kapsamının genişletilmesi, konunun kanıt temelli bir anlayışla ele alınması ve dönemin gazete haber ve görsellerine ilişkin içeriklere yer verilmesine ilişkin öneriler sunulmuştur.
Optimization of Laser Direct Structuring Process Parameters for Material Extrusion of Polycarbonate
Authors: Akagündüz Cansu Gizem , Soylemez Emrecan
Published: October 2023

Laser direct structuring (LDS) is critical in the integration of circuits onto 3D‐shaped plastic parts, such as antennas and radio frequency components. The LDS process encompasses three stages: deposition of 3D parts, laser structuring, and metallization. While laser‐direct structurable parts have been manufactured through plastic injection molding, material extrusion (MEX) is a favored additive manufacturing process for economic low‐volume production and fast prototyping advantages. Although injection‐molded LDS literature is available, 3D‐printed laser‐direct structured components merit further investigation. This study focuses on the MEX of catalyst‐loaded polycarbonate (PC) parts and its LDS process. The parameters from the nanosecond fiber laser, including scan speed, power, and frequency, are thoroughly analyzed to understand the surface property changes and metallization performance of the printed PC parts. The single scan track width, which corresponds to the accuracy of conductive path width and metallization thickness, is employed to elucidate the findings. A process map is built to keep the track width constant aimed at enhancing the uniform metallization of intricate components. Thresholds are established, identifying a minimum track width of 22.1 μm and metallization thickness of 2.5 μm. These delineate clusters of process parameters that yield conductivity levels suitable for various applications.
Evaluation of Critical Parameters for the Fabrication of Metal Hollow Spheres Using an Alginate‐Based Sol–Gel Process
Authors: Heuer Claudia , Brachhold Nora , Aneziris Christos G.
Published: October 2023

This study focuses on the fabrication of metal hollow spheres using an alginate‐based sol–gel technology in combination with a freeze‐drying process. The mixing routine for the metal slurry is investigated. Critical processing parameters, influencing the yield of intact spheres such as the aging time in the reaction solution and in water as well as the freezing time and the rotation of the spheres during freezing are evaluated with statistical design of experiments. A customized debinding regime is developed with a heating rate of 0.1 K min−1 in critical temperature ranges and a maximum temperature of 350 °C. For the fabrication of hollow metal spheres with additions of 1.0 wt% potassium alginate, the optimum aging time in Ca(OH)2‐reaction solution is 4 min (4C) and the spheres are only to be rinsed with purified water (0 W). Furthermore, the rotation of the spheres (+R) during freezing significantly contributes to the increased yield of 80.2%, which is significantly higher as compared to the previous studies. Sintered spheres have a compressive strength of 159 MPa with a corresponding strain of 42%.
Fine‐tuning Dynamic Cross–linking for Enhanced 3D Bioprinting of Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels
Authors: Tavakoli Shima , Krishnan Nithiyanandan , Mokhtari Hamidreza , Oommen Oommen P. , Varghese Oommen P.
Published: October 2023

3D bioprinting of stem cells shows promise for medical applications, but the development of an efficient bioink remains a challenge. Recently, the emergence of dynamically cross–linked hydrogels has advanced this field to obtain self‐healing materials. However, more advanced bioinks are needed that display optimum gelling kinetics, viscoelasticity, shear‐thinning property, structural fidelity, and hold the printed structures sufficiently long enough that allow maturation of the new tissue. Here, a novel extracellular matrix‐based bioink for human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is presented. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is modified with cysteine and aldehyde functional groups, creating hydrogels with dual cross–linking of disulfide and thiazolidine products. The investigation demonstrates that this cross–linking significantly improves hydrogel stability and biological properties. The bioink exhibits fast gelation kinetics, shear‐thinning, shape‐maintaining properties, high cell survival after printing with >2‐fold increase in stemness marker (OCT3/4 and NANOG), and supports cell proliferation and migration. Disulfide cross–linking contributes to self‐healing and cell migration, while thiazolidine cross–linking reduces gelation time, enhances long‐term stability, and supports cell proliferation. Overall, the HA‐based bioink fulfills the requirements for successful 3D printing of stem cells, providing a promising solution for cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
Tough Liquid‐Free Ionic Conductive Elastomers with Robust Adhesion and Self‐Healing Properties for Ionotronic Devices
Authors: Zhang Xinrui , Fu Qingjin , Wang Yicong , Zhao Haonan , Hao Sanwei , Ma Chao , Xu Feng , Yang Jun
Published: October 2023

Polymerizable deep eutectic solvent (PDES) as a newly emerging type of liquid‐free ionic conductive elastomer is considered to be the most attractive candidate for the next generation of ionotronic devices. However, it remains a huge challenge to integrate high ionic conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, good self‐healing capacity, and robust adhesion into a single material that satisfies the stringent demand of the ionotronic devices in various scenarios. Herein, a liquid‐free ionic elastomer is constructed by incorporating tannic acid‐encapsulated cellulose nanocrystals (TA@CNC) as multifunctional hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) along with poly(acrylic acid) (HBDs) and choline chloride (hydrogen bond acceptors, HBAs) to form a dynamic cross‐linking network through multiple dynamic hydrogen bonds. The presence of the rigid crystalline regions and the sufficient dynamic interaction sites on the TA@CNC endow the resultant elastomers (ACTC) with superior mechanical properties (≈496 kPa, 2400%), robust adhesion (≈68.6 kPa), and good self‐healing property. Benefiting from the above integrated features, the wearable sensors by harnessing the ACTC as a resistance sensing module is constructed that provide unaltered sensing performance under off‐axial deformation (twisting and prick). Additionally, the capacitance pressure sensor with good stability for force distribution is developed, opening up a new avenue for the development of ionotronic devices.
A Homing Peptide Modified Neutrophil Membrane Biomimetic Nanoparticles in Response to ROS/inflammatory Microenvironment for Precise Targeting Treatment of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Dong Zhufeng , Tang Lin , Zhang Yu , Ma Xiaoyue , Yin Ying , Kuang Lei , Fan Qin , Wang Bingyi , Hu Xiaoye , Yin Tieying , Wang Yazhou
Published: October 2023

Oxidative stress induced by ischemia‐reperfusion causes severe secondary injury in stroke patients. The blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and the challenges in targeting the stroke core hinder the therapeutic effect of drugs. This study introduces a precise biomimetic drug delivery system called SHp‐NM@Edv/RCD (SNM‐NPs), which possesses multiple stepwise targeting capabilities. SNM‐NPs are encapsulated by the neutrophil membranes (NMs) and exhibit a targeting effect (5.16‐fold) on the inflammatory microenvironment. The modification of stroke‐homing peptides (SHp) makes SNM‐NPs target damaged neurons faster, with a targeting efficiency 5.68 times higher than that of β‐cyclodextrins (RCD). Then, RCD encapsulated in SNM‐NPs responds to reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the release of edaravone (Edv), scavenges ROS, inhibits neuroinflammation, and reduces neuronal apoptosis by 90%. Mechanistically, SNM‐NPs deliver Edv precisely to the cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury (CIRI) site, resulting in the elimination of ROS, a decrease in the number of microglia, an improvement in tubulin expression in neurons, and the inhibition of neuronal apoptosis through Caspase 3 pathway. Preliminary experiments also show that SNM‐NPs exhibit a good safety profile both in intravenous therapy and in vitro cell experiments. As a result, SNM‐NPs hold promise for further development as effective and safe agents for target therapy of CIRI and other diseases.
Side‐Group‐Mediated Small Molecular Interlayer to Achieve Superior Passivation Strength and Enhanced Carrier Dynamics for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Deng Jidong , Ahangar Hosein , Xiao Yuanhui , Luo Yiyun , Cai Xuanyi , Li Yanan , Wu Deyin , Yang Li , Sheibani Esmaeil , Zhang Jinbao
Published: October 2023

Considering the high surface defects of polycrystalline perovskite, chemical passivation is effective in reducing defects‐associated carrier losses. However, challenges remain in promoting passivation effects without compromising the carrier‐extraction yield at the perovskite interfaces. In this work, interlayer molecules functionalized with different side groups are rationally designed to investigate the correlation between defect‐passivation strength and interfacial carrier dynamics.  It is revealed that Cl‐grafted molecules impose destructive effects on the perovskite structure due to its lower electronegativity and mismatched spatial configuration. The introduction of cyanide (CN) as a side group in molecules also leads to perovskite deformation and unfavorable hole collection. After the molecular optimization, the incorporation of carbonyl (C═O) as the side group (TPA─O) simultaneously promotes the carrier‐collection yield as well as sufficient defect passivation. As a consequence, the devices based on TPA─O yield a champion PCE of 23.25%, along with remarkable stability by remaining above 88.5% of initial performance after 2544 h storage in the air. Furthermore, this interlayer based on TAP─O enables flexible devices to achieve a high efficiency of 21.81% and promising mechanical stability. This work paves the way for further improving the performance of perovskite solar cells.
Lowest Open‐Circuit Voltage Deficit Achievement to Attain High Efficient Antimony Selenosulfide Solar Cells
Authors: Dong Jiabin , Liu Huizhen , Ding Liqun , Che Bo , Xiao Peng , Cao Zixiu , Liu Yue , Lou Licheng , Tang Rongfeng , Luo Jingshan , Wu Li , Li Dongmei , Chen Tao , Zhang Yi
Published: October 2023

Antimony selenosulfide (Sb2(S,Se)3) solar cells bear great potential for sustainable photovoltaic technology, attributed to their excellent semiconductor properties. Despite the encouraging breakthroughs, the efficiency of Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells still leaves much room for improvement due to the large open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficit (the radiative VOC limit minus the high VOC). Herein, ammonium sulfide ((NH4)2S) solution is utilized to treat Sb2(S,Se)3 films to tailor their surface properties. The disappearance of the hole defect (H1) and the decrease of the defect concentration of hole defect (H2) confirm that non‐radiative recombination is suppressed greatly. Photovoltage decay lifetime is greatly increases from 67.9 to 297.9 µs. The upshifted valence band maximum optimizes the energy level alignment between the p–n heterojunction, enhancing the carrier transport. Remarkably, this treatment yields a record lowest VOC deficit of 0.49 V by now, and the best device with 10.41% efficiency, ca. 25% improvement over the control device (8.35%). This study provides valuable insight into reducing the VOC deficit in solar cells and related photoelectronic devices by minimizing non‐radiative recombination, and also presents a great potential strategy to achieve the lowest VOC deficit.
A MXene‐Based Light‐Driven Actuator and Motor with Self‐Sustained Oscillation for Versatile Applications
Authors: Liu Jinquan , Xu Liangliang , Ji Qixiao , Chang Longfei , Hu Ying , Peng Qingyu , He Xiaodong
Published: October 2023

Phototropism and self‐oscillation are both self‐regulating intelligent movements of biological organisms. However, realizing these intelligent movements in one same artificial actuation system remains a great challenge. Here, by introducing dynamic light‐mechanical interaction, a MXene‐based actuator is designed and fabricated that can generate unique self‐adaptive light‐driven actuation from the equilibrium state of phototropic deformation to self‐oscillation. The actuator can autonomously track the incident light, showing a sunflower‐like phototropism. Moreover, by simply installing a load on the actuator to induce self‐shadowing‐enabled negative feedback loop, it can carry the load to continuously oscillate under constant light irradiation, with a frequency of 6.5 Hz, an amplitude of 2.6 mm, and a load‐to‐weight ratio value of 4.7. The oscillation frequency and amplitude can be further adjusted by the incident light power, actuator length, and weight of the installed load. This oscillator can serve as an intelligent light‐powered motor platform. By installing diverse accessories with different functions on the oscillator, it can realize various applications, including information transmission, light‐induced power generation, bionic motions, and multi‐mode intelligent switches. These results provide a simple and versatile strategy for designing a self‐adaptive oscillator driven by light and show the prospect of the oscillator in light‐powered engines and smart machinery systems.
The Spacer Cation with Disulfide Bond for Efficient and Stable Low‐Dimensional Dion–Jacobson Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Miao Zhipeng , Cao Qingli , Peng Sihui , Zhu He , Yuan Fangfang , Liang Yuncai , Zhang Ting , Zhao Rudai , Li Pengwei , Zhang Yiqiang , Song Yanlin
Published: October 2023

Low‐dimensional (LD) perovskite has provided an exciting avenue for exploring stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, PSCs based on LD perovskites still suffer from poor efficiency owing to unfavorable charge carrier dynamics. Here, cystamine (CYS) is employed as a ligand to construct LD Dion‐Jacobson (LDDJ) perovskite (CYS)MAn‐1PbnI3n+1 (n = 1, 2, 3…, MA: methylamine) for improving carrier properties. The disulfide bond not only changes the polarization characteristic but also increases the coupling between inorganic slabs due to the low barrier of rotation around the S‐S axis, thus reducing the exciton binding energy of CYS‐based LDDJ perovskite. Disulfide bonds provide a scene for charge localization in the interlayer region, which is conducive to reducing the anisotropy of charge transfer. Thanks to these merits, the (CYS)MA4Pb5I16 film delivers improved carrier diffusion length (electron for 1345 nm and hole for 950 nm) and mobility (9.23 cm2 V−1 S−1). As a result, the (CYS)(MA)4Pb5I16 PSC achieves a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.52%, which is much higher than that of HDA and BA cations‐based PSCs (HDA: 1,6‐Hexanediamine, BA: Butylamine). Furthermore, the state‐of‐the‐art device only lost 8% of its initial PCE after 1600 h in the atmosphere.
Self‐Reconstruction of Highly Degraded LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 toward Stable Single‐Crystalline Cathode
Authors: Qin Zuoyu , Zhang Tao , Gao Xuesong , Luo Wuqing , Han Junwei , Lu Bingan , Zhou Jiang , Chen Gen
Published: October 2023

The ever‐growing demand for resources sustainability has promoted the recycle of spent lithium‐ion batteries to a strategic position. Direct recycle outperforms either hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical approaches due to the high added value and facile treatment processes. However, the traditional direct recycling technologies are only applicable for Ni‐poor/middle cathodes. Herein, spent Ni‐rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (S‐NCM) to performance‐enhanced single‐crystalline cathode materials is directly recycled using a simple but effective LiOH‐NaCl molten salt. The evolution process of the Li‐supplement and grain‐recrystallization during regeneration is systematically investigated, and the successful recovery of the highly degraded microstructure is comprehensively proven, including significant elimination of Ni2+ and O vacancies. Beneficial from the favorable reconstructed single‐crystalline particles, the regenerated NCM (R‐NCM) represents remarkably enhanced structural stability, electrochemical activity, O2 and cracks suppression during charge/discharge, thus achieving the excellent performances in long‐term cycling and high‐rate tests. As a result, R‐NCM maintains the 86.5% reversible capacity at 1 C after 200 cycles. Instructively, the present molten salt can be successfully applied for recycling spent NCMs with various Li and Ni compositions (e.g., LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2).
Reconfigurable Photonic Crystal Reversibly Exhibiting Single and Double Structural Colors
Authors: Zhan Yi‐Yang , Ogawa Daisuke , Sano Koki , Wang Xiang , Araoka Fumito , Sakai Nobuyuki , Sasaki Takayoshi , Ishida Yasuhiro
Published: October 2023

Unlike absorption‐based colors of dyes and pigments, reflection‐based colors of photonic crystals, so called “structural colors”, are responsive to external stimuli, but can remain unfaded for over ten million years, and therefore regarded as a next‐generation coloring mechanism. However, it is a challenge to rationally design the spectra of structural colors, where one structure gives only one reflection peak defined by Bragg's law, unlike those of absorption‐based colors. Here, we report a reconfigurable photonic crystal that exhibits single‐peak and double‐peak structural colors. This photonic crystal is composed of a colloidal nanosheet in water, which spontaneously adopts a layered structure with single periodicity (407 nm). After a temperature‐gradient treatment, the photonic crystal segregates into two regions with shrunken (385 nm) and expanded (448 nm) periodicities, and thus exhibits double reflection peaks that are blue‐ and red‐shifted from the original one, respectively. Notably, the transition between the single‐peak and double‐peak states is reversible.