bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Prehospital Thrombolysis in Stroke Patients With Prestroke Dependency
Authors: Nolte Christian H. , Ebinger Martin , Scheitz Jan F. , Kunz Alexander , Erdur Hebun , Geisler Frederik , Braemswig Tim Bastian , Rozanski Michal , Weber Joachim E. , Wendt Matthias , Zieschang Katja , Fiebach Jochen B. , Villringer Kersten , Grittner Ulrike , Kaczmarek Sabina , Endres Matthias , Audebert Heinrich J.
Published: February 2018

Background and Purpose—

Data on effects of intravenous thrombolysis on outcome of patients with ischemic stroke who are dependent on assistance in activities of daily living prestroke are scarce. Recent registry based analyses in activities of daily –independent patients suggest that earlier start of intravenous thrombolysis in the prehospital setting leads to better outcomes when compared with the treatment start in hospital. We evaluated whether these observations can be corroborated in patients with prestroke dependency.

Methods—

This observational, retrospective analysis included all patients with acute ischemic stroke depending on assistance before stroke who received intravenous thrombolysis either on the Stroke Emergency Mobile (STEMO) or through conventional in-hospital care (CC) in a tertiary stroke center (Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin) during routine care. Prespecified outcomes were modified Rankin Scale scores of 0 to 3 and survival at 3 months, as well as symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Outcomes were adjusted in multivariable logistic regression.

Results—

Between February 2011 and March 2015, 122 of 427 patients (28%) treated on STEMO and 142 of 505 patients (28%) treated via CC needed assistance before stroke. Median onset-to-treatment times were 97 (interquartile range, 69–159; STEMO) and 135 (interquartile range, 98–184; CC;
P
<0.001) minutes. After 3 months, modified Rankin Scale scores of 0 to 3 was observed in 48 STEMO patients (39%) versus 35 CC patients (25%;
P
=0.01) and 86 (70%, STEMO) versus 85 (60%, CC) patients were alive (
P
=0.07). After adjustment, STEMO care was favorable with respect to modified Rankin Scale scores of 0 to 3 (odds ratio, 1.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–3.87;
P
=0.042) with a nonsignificant result for survival (odds ratio, 1.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.95–3.16;
P
=0.07). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 5 STEMO versus 12 CC patients (4.2% versus 8.5%;
P
=0.167).

Conclusions—

The results of this study suggest that earlier, prehospital (as compared with in-hospital) start of intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke may translate into better clinical outcome in patients with prestroke dependency.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02358772.
Hyperintense Vessels, Collateralization, and Functional Outcome in Patients With Stroke Receiving Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Nave Alexander H. , Kufner Anna , Bücke Philipp , Siebert Eberhard , Kliesch Stefan , Grittner Ulrike , Bäzner Hansjörg , Liebig Thomas , Endres Matthias , Fiebach Jochen B. , Nolte Christian H. , Ebinger Martin , Henkes Hans
Published: February 2018

Background and Purpose—

Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintense vessels (FHV) are frequently observed on magnetic resonance imaging in acute stroke patients with proximal vessel occlusion. Whether FHV can serve as a surrogate for the collateral status and predict functional outcome of patients is still a matter of debate.

Methods—

Acute ischemic stroke patients with M1-middle cerebral artery occlusion who received magnetic resonance imaging before endovascular treatment in 3 hospitals in Germany between January 2007 and June 2016 were eligible. Quantification of FHV was performed using an FHV–Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) rating system. Functional outcome was evaluated with the modified Rankin Scale 3 months after stroke. Collateral status of patients was graded on baseline angiography using the American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology grading system. Odds for good outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2) were determined using logistic regression analyses.

Results—

Overall, 116 patients were analyzed (median age, 74; interquartile range [IQR], 64–79; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, 14; IQR, 10–19). The median FHV-ASPECTS was 2 (IQR, 1–3). Good collateral status (American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology grade 3–4) on angiography was more frequently observed in patients with FHV-ASPECTS ≤2 (83% versus 57%;
P
=0.025). Patients with an FHV-ASPECTS ≤2 had a better functional outcome after 3 months (median modified Rankin Scale score, 2; IQR, 0–5), compared with patients with an FHV-ASPECTS >2 (median modified Rankin Scale score, 4; IQR, 3–6;
P
=0.015). In multiple regression analyses, FHV-ASPECTS ≤2 was independently associated with good functional outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 5.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–18.2).

Conclusions—

Low FHV-ASPECTS is associated with both better collateral status and better 3-month functional outcome in acute stroke patients with M1 vessel occlusion.
Nomenclatural studies toward a World List of Diptera genus-group names. Part VI: Daniel William Coquillett
Authors: EVENHUIS NEAL L.
Published: February 2018

The Diptera genus-group names of Daniel William Coquillett are reviewed and annotated. A total of 136 available genus-group names in 53 families of Diptera are listed alphabetically, and for each name giving author, year and page of original publication, originally included species, type species and method of fixation, current status of the name, family placement, and a list of any emendations of it that have been found in the literature. Remarks are given to clarify nomenclatural or taxonomic information. In addition, an index to all the species-group names of Diptera proposed by Coquillett (1,218, of which 1,214 are available names) is given with bibliographic reference (year and page) to each original citation. Appended to this study is a full bibliography of Coquillett’s published works.      Name found to be unavailable: Philhelius Coquillett, 1910.      Name found not to be preoccupied: Petia Coquillett, 1910 [Tachinidae].      Corrections to and clarifications of type species designations are made for the following: Isostomyia Coquillett, 1906 [Culicidae]; Micraedes Coquillett, 1906 [Culicidae]; Roederiodes Coquillett, 1901 [Empididae]; Stilbometopa Coquillett, 1899 [Hippoboscidae]; Tinolestes Coquillett, 1906 [Culicidae].      Previous First Reviser actions for multiple original spellings missed by previous workers include: Ateloglossa Coquillett, 1899 [Tachinidae]; Boreodromia Coquillett, 1903 [Brachystomatidae]; Mythicomyia Coquillett, 1893 [Mythicomyiidae].      The following are new synonymies of their respective senior synonyms: Acemyia Coquillett, 1897b under Acemya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Clytiomyia Coquillett, 1897b under Clytiomya Rondani, 1861, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Linnaemyia Coquillett, 1897b under Linnaemya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, n. syn. [Tachinidae]; Xanthogramma Schiner, 1860 under Philhelius Stephens, 1841, n. syn. [Syrphidae].      Using Reversal of Precedence (ICZN Code Art. 23.9), Scriptotricha Cockerell, 1889 [Tephritidae] is declared a nomen oblitum and Paracantha Coquillett, 1899f [Tephritidae] is declared a nomen protectum.
Climate Variability, Volcanic Forcing, and Last Millennium Hydroclimate Extremes
Authors: Stevenson Samantha , Overpeck Jonathan T. , Fasullo John , Coats Sloan , Parsons Luke , Otto-Bliesner Bette , Ault Toby , Loope Garrison , Cole Julia
Published: February 2018

Multidecadal hydroclimate variability has been expressed as “megadroughts” (dry periods more severe and prolonged than observed over the twentieth century) and corresponding “megapluvial” wet periods in many regions around the world. The risk of such events is strongly affected by modes of coupled atmosphere–ocean variability and by external impacts on climate. Accurately assessing the mechanisms for these interactions is difficult, since it requires large ensembles of millennial simulations as well as long proxy time series. Here, the Community Earth System Model (CESM) Last Millennium Ensemble is used to examine statistical associations among megaevents, coupled climate modes, and forcing from major volcanic eruptions. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) strongly affects hydroclimate extremes: larger ENSO amplitude reduces megadrought risk and persistence in the southwestern United States, the Sahel, monsoon Asia, and Australia, with corresponding increases in Mexico and the Amazon. The Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) also alters megadrought risk, primarily in the Caribbean and the Amazon. Volcanic influences are felt primarily through enhancing AMO amplitude, as well as alterations in the structure of both ENSO and AMO teleconnections, which lead to differing manifestations of megadrought. These results indicate that characterizing hydroclimate variability requires an improved understanding of both volcanic climate impacts and variations in ENSO/AMO teleconnections.
An Assessment of High-Resolution Gridded Temperature Datasets over California
Authors: Walton Daniel , Hall Alex
Published: February 2018

High-resolution gridded datasets are in high demand because they are spatially complete and include important finescale details. Previous assessments have been limited to two to three gridded datasets or analyzed the datasets only at the station locations. Here, eight high-resolution gridded temperature datasets are assessed two ways: at the stations, by comparing with Global Historical Climatology Network–Daily data; and away from the stations, using physical principles. This assessment includes six station-based datasets, one interpolated reanalysis, and one dynamically downscaled reanalysis. California is used as a test domain because of its complex terrain and coastlines, features known to differentiate gridded datasets. As expected, climatologies of station-based datasets agree closely with station data. However, away from stations, spread in climatologies can exceed 6°C. Some station-based datasets are very likely biased near the coast and in complex terrain, due to inaccurate lapse rates. Many station-based datasets have large unphysical trends (>1°C decade−1) due to unhomogenized or missing station data—an issue that has been fixed in some datasets by using homogenization algorithms. Meanwhile, reanalysis-based gridded datasets have systematic biases relative to station data. Dynamically downscaled reanalysis has smaller biases than interpolated reanalysis, and has more realistic variability and trends. Dynamical downscaling also captures snow–albedo feedback, which station-based datasets miss. Overall, these results indicate that 1) gridded dataset choice can be a substantial source of uncertainty, and 2) some datasets are better suited for certain applications.
Cardiac rupture caused by traffic accident: Case reports and a literature review
Authors: Zerbo S , Spagnolo E Ventura , Salerno S , Re G Lo , Guajana A , Alongi A , Argo A
Published: February 2018

The commonest cause of blunt cardiac injuries is from traffic accidents followed by violent falls, sport activities, accidents or a fight but rupture of the heart is rare and lethal. The precise incidence of cardiac injury after a blunt chest trauma is unknown as rates vary greatly in the literature from between 7% and 76% of cases. Autopsy studies have shown that the right ventricle is the most frequently ruptured, followed by the left ventricle, right atrium, intraventricular septum, left atrium and interatrial septum with decreasing frequency. Post-mortem imaging is a rapidly advancing field of post-mortem investigations of trauma victims. The available literature dealing with the comparison of post-mortem computed tomography results with forensic autopsy indicates that conventional autopsy remains superior for the detection of organ and soft tissue injuries in all body regions.
Remember the greatest: Remaining in love and casting out fear in 1 John
Authors: Myers Alicia D.
Published: February 2018

This article argues that the confusing admonition in favor of “love” and “casting out fear” in 1 John 4 is clarified when read in light of Deuteronomy and Leviticus. The commands to love God and love neighbor from Deut 6:4–5 and Lev 19:18b were ubiquitous in Second Temple Jewish contexts, and were a prominent part of Jesus’ teachings in the Gospels (Mark 12:29–31; Matt 22:37–40; Luke 10:27–28). Although often unrecognized, or at least unexplored, these Old Testament texts also influence the Gospel and Letters of John (e.g., John 5:39–47; 13:24–35; 1 John 4:16b–21). First John, in particular, can be read as an interpretation of Leviticus 19 that rearticulates and expands on traditions of Jesus’ instructions reflected in John 13–17. The author of 1 John uses these traditions to explain how the purifying blood of Jesus the Advocate enables believers to have boldness rather than fear. In this way, 1 John calls on believers to remain in the love who is God so that they can act with confident love regardless of the fear that threatens them.
Shadowdancing: Fear as a pathway to transformation
Authors: Hess Lisa M.
Published: February 2018

This article explores the toxic dynamics of our public sphere today through a lens of the inner, soul-psychological work necessary to alter human reactivity to the sensations of fear. It employs a playful term, shadowdancing, (i) to invite curiosity into what we do not know that we do not know, (ii) to deepen our perceptions of self and other through the natural and avoidant use of projection, and (iii) to examine the ancient-new wisdom of the circle way as a “container” in which to lean into the collective dance of shadow and projection. Rooted in Jungian and object-relations psychological perspectives, each term is defined and examined in the hope of inviting fear to become a pathway to transformation within, and in circle-way gatherings of those willing. Guiding principles of invitation, not obligation; every voice is equal; catching courage from one another; and presume goodwill attempt to pique interest in finding ancient and new ways of becoming more and more conscious, and less and less reactive to the overwhelming flows of fear in our world today.
No more fears: A homiletic excursion into Revelation 7
Authors: Cartledge Tony W.
Published: February 2018

The Apocalypse of John, as strange and foreboding and filled with terror as it seems, was not designed to frighten believers, but to remind them that present troubles would not last forever, and to comfort them with images of a new age. Readers can better appreciate the book of Revelation when they recognize the highly symbolic nature of apocalyptic literature and look for its meaning, not in a literal reading, but in its underlying message. Revelation 7:1–17 offers assurance that believers, however severe their trials, need not fear, for God is here: the promise of a new age is a reminder that God is eternally present and in control.
Taking the fear out of apocalyptic preaching
Authors: Bashaw Jennifer Garcia
Published: February 2018

In the last century of the American Church, fear has characterized much of apocalyptic preaching. Fear of apocalyptic texts has inhibited the preaching of them in some pulpits; fear of the future and fear of others has dominated the apocalyptic message in others. This article answers the question, “How did apocalyptic preaching get so out of hand and what can we do to fix it?” by providing a brief overview of apocalyptic preaching in America and by offering interpretive strategies and homiletical suggestions for preaching apocalyptic texts responsibly and without fear.
Lighting a candle against fear
Authors: Cooper Dorisanne
Published: February 2018

The local church is an ideal and important place to examine fear and work through it. It is part of our calling as people of faith to do so. It means work on a number of different levels and being willing to examine ourselves as individuals as well as our places in the wider community and country. We can work to see why we have the fears we do and what steps we might take to overcome them to model in a closer way the love in which God wants us to live.
Gendered and Sexualized Bullying and Cyber Bullying
Authors: Mishna Faye , Schwan Kaitlin J. , Birze Arija , Van Wert Melissa , Lacombe-Duncan Ashley , McInroy Lauren , Attar-Schwartz Shalhevet
Published: February 2018

Drawing on semistructured interviews with Canadian Grade 4 to 12 students, this article uses a feminist lens to explore gendered and sexualized bullying and cyberbullying among children and youth. Our findings indicate that while boys’ roles and behaviors were frequently made invisible, girls were typically spotlighted, blamed, and criticized. Girls’ experiences were often minimized and normalized by peers and linked to gender norms and stereotypes that were largely invisible to participants. The central theme of invisibility emerged, which encompassed and interconnected the three subthemes: (a) gendered stereotyping, (b) spotlighting girls, and (c) gender surveillance and policing. Gendered and sexualized bullying and cyberbullying were found to be part of a socialization process wherein girls come to expect gender-based aggression, violence, and inequality in their lives. This article makes explicit how bullying and cyberbullying are linked to societal norms that put girls at risk of harassment, violence, abuse, and discrimination.
Paging Paul Krugman: Toward a Topoi of an Exemplar Public Intellectual in the Natural and Physical Sciences
Authors: Zerbe Michael J.
Published: February 2018

American economist Paul Krugman has become a highly influential public intellectual in the social sciences. The natural and physical sciences need a public intellectual like Krugman to make more effective arguments for the existence and urgency of climate change, the benefits of vaccine use, and other pressing issues. To demonstrate how such a goal can be achieved, this article presents a rhetorical analysis of Krugman’s public intellectual writing in The New York Times from 2013 to 2016. The substantial public impact of this body of work stems from Krugman’s use of rhetorical strategies that are both similar to and—more importantly—a departure from strategies used by other well-known public intellectuals in the sciences.
Free Will in Hamlet?
Authors: Oser Lee
Published: February 2018

I argue that the Shakespeare of Hamlet was influenced by the debate between Erasmus and Luther on the question of free will. I approach this debate as a record of the tensions within Christian humanism and as a “conceptual source text” for Hamlet. I detect the debate’s resonances in the play’s thematic investigation of the will, as well as in how the playwright yokes together the conflicting worlds of literature and theology, humanism and reform. I hold that while Shakespeare deploys Erasmian strategies of ambiguity and silence with respect to the highest mysteries, he also assimilates Luther’s suspicion of the pretensions of consciousness.
Containment beyond detention: The hotspot system and disrupted migration movements across Europe
Authors: Tazzioli Martina , Garelli Glenda
Published: February 2018

This article deals with the ways in which migrants are controlled, contained and selected after landing in Italy and in Greece, drawing attention to strategies of containment aimed at disciplining mobility and showing how they are not narrowed to detention infrastructures. The article starts by tracing a genealogy of the use of the term ‘hotspot’ in policy documents and suggests that the multiplication of hotspots-like spaces is related to a reconceptualisation of the border as a critical site that requires prompt enforcement intervention. The article moves on by investigating the mechanisms of partitioning, identification and preventive illegalisation that are at stake in the hotspots of Lampedusa and Lesbos. Hotspots are not analysed here as sites of detention per se: rather, the essay turns the attention to the channels of forced mobility that are connected to the Hotspot System, focusing in particular on the forced transfers of migrants from the Italian cities of Ventimiglia and Como to the hotspot of Taranto. The article concludes by analysing channels of forced mobility in the light of the fight against ‘secondary movements’ that is at the core of the current European Union’s political agenda, suggesting that further academic research could engage in a genealogy of practices of migration containment.
Fatigue life prediction for cables in cyclic tension
Authors: Wokem Christian , Joseph Tim , Curley Mark
Published: February 2018

Cables are used in civil and mining engineering applications, such as in cable stays for suspension bridges, elevators, construction cranes, mining shovels and draglines. Such cables are mainly used for supporting or hoisting and can be considered to be either stationary or running cables. In supporting functions, cables are subjected to cyclic tension, with the primary mode of failure due to fretting fatigue of individual wires that make up the cables as they abrade against each other. Stationary cables subjected to cyclic tension (tension–tension) fatigue are the focus of this work, and although other researchers have investigated the fatigue life of such cables, there remains much of the cyclic tensile behavior that needs further investigation. The stress condition of several cables such as 19-, 91- and 92-wire strands; independent wire rope core; and the 6 × 19 Seale–independent wire rope core wire ropes was investigated using finite element modeling techniques. A stress-based approach was used with the results of finite element modeling to obtain the fatigue life for these cables. In practice, it would be challenging for a finite element analysis to be carried out each time the fatigue life of a cable is needed, so in a preventive maintenance stance, regression coefficients have been proposed for use with a fatigue life prediction model.
Lifestyle Movements as Social Networks: The Connections between Everyday Politics and Larger Collective Action in an Indian Feminist Movement
Authors: Fuist Todd Nicholas , Mogford Elizabeth , Das Abhijit
Published: February 2018

The sociology of social movements has often drawn a fine line between individualistic “lifestyle movements” and more politically oriented collective action. Yet, this distinction belies the fact that seemingly individualistic movements can generate cognitive maps and associational ties necessary for wider mobilization. Drawing on a qualitative study of the Indian men’s feminist movement Men’s Action to Stop Violence against Women (MASVAW), we examine how an ostensibly individualistically oriented lifestyle movement can create the potential for collective action through forging social networks of like-minded individuals who can draw on local knowledge of specific situations to quickly mobilize their peers. Through this, we contribute to the literature on social movement networks by synthesizing theorizing on lifestyle movements with theorizing on activist social networks, demonstrating how networks can shift movements between different modes of coordination, from individualistic and everyday to collective and activist.
Relationships Between Race/Ethnicity and Health Care Utilization Among Older Post-Acute Home Health Care Patients
Authors: Chase Jo-Ana D. , Russell David , Huang Liming , Hanlon Alexandra , O’Connor Melissa , Bowles Kathryn H.
Published: February 2018

Few studies have explored racial/ethnic differences in health care outcomes among patients receiving home health care (HHC), despite known differences in other care settings. We conducted a retrospective cohort study examining racial/ethnic disparities in rehospitalization and emergency room (ER) use among post-acute patients served by a large northeastern HHC agency between 2013 and 2014 ( N = 22,722). We used multivariable binomial logistic regression to describe the relationship between race/ethnicity and health care utilization outcomes, adjusting for individual-level factors that are conceptually related to health service use. Overall rates of rehospitalization and ER visits were 10% and 13%, respectively. African American and Hispanic patients experienced higher odds of ER visits or rehospitalization during their HHC episode. Racial/ethnic differences in utilization were mediated by enabling factors, such as caregiver availability, and illness-level factors, such as illness severity, functional status, and symptoms. Intervention targets may include early risk assessment, proactive management of clinical conditions, rehabilitative therapy, and caregiver training.
Selection and Use of Health Services for Infants’ Needs by Indigenous Mothers in Canada: Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Wright A. , Wahoush O. , Ballantyne M. , Gabel C. , Jack S. M.
Published: February 2018

In Canada, Indigenous infants experience significant health disparities when compared to non-Indigenous infants, including significantly higher rates of birth complications and infant mortality rates. The use of primary health care is one way to improve health outcomes; however, Indigenous children may use health services less often than non-Indigenous children. To improve health outcomes within this growing population, it is essential to understand how caregivers, defined here as mothers, select and use health services in Canada. This integrative review is the first to critique and synthesize what is known of how Indigenous mothers in Canada experience selecting and using health services to meet the health needs of their infants. Themes identified suggest both Indigenous women and infants face significant challenges; colonialism has had, and continues to have, a detrimental impact on Indigenous mothering; and very little is known about how Indigenous mothers select and use health services to meet the health of their infants. This review revealed significant gaps in the literature and a need for future research. Suggestions are made for how health providers can better support Indigenous mothers and infants in their use of health services, based on what has been explored in the literature to date.
Experimental Comparison of PC Web, Smartphone Web, and Telephone Surveys in the New Technology Era
Authors: Lee Hana , Kim Sunwoong , Couper Mick P. , Woo Youngje
Published: February 2018

Smartphones have become very popular globally, and smartphone ownership has overtaken conventional cell phone ownership in many countries in recent years. With this rapid rise in smartphone penetration, researchers are looking at ways to conduct web surveys using smartphones. This is particularly true of student populations where smartphone penetration is very high and web surveys are already the norm. However, researchers are raising concerns about selection biases and measurement differences between PC and smartphone respondents. Questions also remain about comparisons to traditional interviewer-administered approaches. We designed an experimental comparison between a PC web survey, a smartphone web survey and a computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) survey. This study was conducted using an annual survey of students at a large university in South Korea. The CATI (interviewer-administered) survey had a higher response rate, lower margins of error, and better representation of the student population than the two web (self-administered) modes, but at a higher cost. The CATI survey also had lower rates of item nonresponse. More significant differences were found between the modes for sensitive questions than for nonsensitive ones. This suggests that CATI surveys may still have a role to play in surveys of college students, even in a country with high rates of mobile technology adoption.
The Effects of Capital Campaigns on Local Nonprofit Ecologies
Authors: Woronkowicz Joanna
Published: February 2018

When charities launch capital campaigns, they hope to attract large amounts of resources in a relatively short period of time; however, other charities in the area are likely to see such campaigns as disruptive to the natural distribution of resources to area nonprofits by disproportionately directing area donations to a single organization. This study seeks to understand the effects capital campaigns have on both the fundraising performance of other nonprofits and the makeup of a local nonprofit ecology. The analysis uses data from a randomly sampled set of nonprofit arts organizations that had capital campaigns for facilities projects between 1994 and 2007 and Internal Revenue Service Form 990 data on 501 (c) (3) nonprofit organizations in each county. The results illustrate that a capital campaign positively affects the fundraising performance of other charities in a local nonprofit ecology, but that campaigns decrease the size of a local nonprofit ecology.
Managed Participation: City Agencies and Micropolitics in Participatory Budgeting
Authors: Su Celina
Published: February 2018

As participatory budgeting (PB) processes proliferate around the globe and within the United States, there remain questions regarding PB’s contested role as an empowering, pro-poor tool for social justice. This analysis of the New York City PB process focuses on the interactions between everyday participants in PB and city agency representatives, the bureaucrats involved in the process. In New York, PB has successfully broadened notions of stakeholdership for many constituents. Still, the agencies’ micropolitical practices—especially regarding contested politics and local versus technical knowledge—help to forward a model of managed participation, sidelining deliberative aspects of the process. Combined with a context of austerity, these practices limit the ability of such participatory institutions to retain volunteer participants, as well as the ability of constituents to substantively shape state priorities.
Understanding Compassion from Practicing Managers’ Perspective: Vicious and Virtuous Forces in Business Organizations
Authors: Banker Darshna V. , Bhal Kanika T.
Published: February 2018

This article examines how practicing managers construe the concept of compassion and the logics that they use to label their organizations as compassionate or otherwise. In-depth interviews of 10 middle and senior managers were conducted and analysed using grounded theory approach for the coding of the qualitative data into different themes. Data revealed two roles that respondents play while conceptualizing compassion. These roles are: receiver and giver; both having uniquely different views and perceptions. Based on these two views, we established an operational definition of compassion for business organizations. Further, this article identifies different organizational pressures and enablers that affect the level of compassion as presented in the form of vicious and virtuous cycles. It also depicts interlinks among factors and suggests interventions for increasing compassion in the organization. Among other issues, we propose, through this article, that excessive focus on short-term goals in an organization acts as a major pressure leading to low level of compassion, and these problems can be addressed through empathetic leadership practices.
Factors Related to Alcohol Consumption Among Japanese Physicians
Authors: Ohida Noriyasu , Otsuka Yuichiro , Kaneita Yoshitaka , Nakagome Sachi , Jike Maki , Itani Osamu , Ohida Takashi
Published: February 2018

This study aimed to investigate the drinking habits of Japanese physicians, and clarify their causal factors. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to 6000 male and 1500 female physicians, selected from among members of the Japan Medical Association. We analyzed the correlation of drinking habits with age, medical department, smoking and exercise status, work environment, sleep problems, and mental health. The response rate was 79.4%. Physicians with a heavy drinking habit were most frequently men in their 60s and women in their 20s to 50s. Drinking or heavy drinking tendencies decreased with increasing age. Smoking status was correlated with heavy drinking. Exercise status was correlated with drinking among men, and drinking/heavy drinking among women. Mental health was not correlated with drinking habit. However, sleep problems were correlated with a heavy drinking habit. These results suggest that countermeasures need to be taken to decrease the rate of heavy drinking among physicians.
Factors Associated With Maternal Depression in the Maldives: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Abdul Raheem R. , Chih Hui J. , Binns Colin W.
Published: February 2018

The aim of the study was to document perinatal depression in mothers in the Maldives and associated factors. A cohort of 458 mothers was recruited at the 2 major hospitals in Malé, the Maldives, and followed from 36 weeks of pregnancy to 3 months after birth. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to measure maternal depression. Maternal sociodemographic factors and infant’s health were also recorded. The prevalence of depressive symptoms (EPDS score ≥13) at 36 weeks of pregnancy and at 1 and 3 months postpartum were 24%, 27%, and 12%, respectively. Having experienced stressful life events is an established risk factor for maternal depression across these time points. Having depressive symptoms during the postpartum period is significantly associated with presence of antenatal depressive symptoms. Future studies may look into effectiveness of strategies that cope with stressors in the management of maternal depression.
Effects of Initial Body Mass Index and Weight Change on All-Cause Mortality: A 10-Year Cohort Study in Korea
Authors: Park Susan , Pi Sunmi , Hwang Jinseub , Kang Jae-Heon , Kwon Jin-Won
Published: February 2018

We evaluated the effects of baseline body mass index (BMI) and its changes over 4 years on all-cause mortality in Korean population. We analyzed 351 735 participants whose BMI was measured in both 2002/2003 and 2006/2007. Mortality was assessed until 2013. Multivariate hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were estimated. Underweight and severe obesity with BMI >30 kg/m2 were significantly associated with higher mortality. Similarly, >5% decrease or >10% increase of BMI for 4 years was associated with the increased risk of death. Comparing the results between baseline BMI and BMI change, the BMI change showed more stable associations with mortality than the baseline BMI in subgroup analysis such as nonsmokers and healthy participants. This study suggests that BMI change could be a useful health indicator along with obesity level by BMI. In addition, maintaining a healthy weight is needed for longevity, but rapid weight change should be carefully monitored.
Development of an operational manual for a consultation–liaison psychiatry service
Authors: Wand Anne PF , Sharma Swapnil , Carpenter Lindsay J , Gatsi Mike
Published: February 2018

Objectives:

Consultation–liaison psychiatry (CLP) services sit between mental health and the general hospital, and risk being poorly understood by both systems. The aim of this study was to develop an operational manual for a CLP service, which defined functions and governance.

Methods:

The CLP literature was reviewed with a focus on descriptions of CLP roles, organisational processes, quality measures and service development. The CLP team held service planning meetings and met with members of the mental health and hospital executives. Site visits and collaboration with other CLP services occurred in defining the roles of the CLP service and organisational governance.

Results:

A CLP operational document was developed, including a description of the service, its functions, staff roles and governance. Procedural information such as the CLP timetable, referral process, triage and assessment, documentation, activity recording, quality assurance and relevant policies were outlined.

Conclusions:

The development of a dedicated operational manual for CLP clarified the roles, functions and governance of CLP within the general hospital and mental health systems. The development process facilitated the engagement of key clinicians and administrators of these systems, the determination of quality improvement targets and greater transparency and accountability.
Civil forensic psychiatry – Part 2: specific issues
Authors: Samuels Anthony H
Published: February 2018

Objectives:

This paper describes the main areas of civil forensic psychiatry (FP) and the skills required by psychiatric experts. Some specific areas of civil FP are discussed, including tort law reform, reliability of psychiatric evidence, contentious psychiatric disorders, and the many domains of civil FP.

Conclusions:

Civil FP is an important sub-specialty component of forensic psychiatry that requires greater emphasis in the training and continuing education of psychiatrists. A process of accrediting psychiatrists as having competency in advanced civil FP may be of value.
Diagnosis of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma in a dog using CD30 immunohistochemistry
Authors: Pittaway Rachel , Wu Ying , Szladovits Balazs , Suárez-Bonnet Alejandro , Scurrell Emma J. , Garden Oliver A. , Polton Gerry , Priestnall Simon L.
Published: February 2018

Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma or null-cell lymphoma is a clinical entity reported in people, classified according to the unique appearance of large pleomorphic cells that express CD30. Null-cell lymphoma has also been described in dogs when neither CD3 nor CD79α is expressed by the tumor. We describe a case of lymphoma in the dog in which neoplastic cells did not express routine B- or T-lymphocyte markers on flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry; however, cells immunohistochemically labeled for CD30. The dog in our case died 5 mo after initial presentation, confirming a poor prognosis. Identification of further similar cases in dogs would provide additional prognostic information for this subset of lymphomas. CD30 may also serve as a potential therapeutic target in anaplastic large-cell lymphomas.
Speed-dependent nonlinear broadband vibrations of smart functionally graded piezoelectric material plates
Authors: Wang Yan Qing , Zu Jean W
Published: February 2018

In this work, speed-dependent nonlinear vibrations of functionally graded piezoelectric material plates are investigated both analytically and numerically. The functionally graded piezoelectric material plates move in the longitudinal direction at a constant speed. The material properties of functionally graded piezoelectric material plates have graded distribution in the thickness direction that obeys a power law. Adopting the Kármán nonlinear geometrical relations, the transverse equation of motion is derived from d’Alembert’s principle by considering the dynamic equilibrium relationships. After that, the Galerkin method is used to discretize the equation of motion, resulting in a set of ordinary differential equations with respect to time. These ordinary differential equations are solved analytically by utilizing the method of harmonic balance. Then, the approximate analytical results are validated by utilizing the adaptive step-size fourth-order Runge–Kutta technique. The stability of approximate analytical solutions is also examined via the perturbation method. Nonlinear frequency-amplitude characteristics show some interesting nonlinear vibration phenomena in the smart structures. Specially, the nonlinear broadband vibration is detected in the translational functionally graded piezoelectric material plates due to the mode interaction. Finally, a parametric study is conducted to reveal the effects of system parameters on the nonlinear vibration characteristics of the translational functionally graded piezoelectric material plates.
Dynamic analysis of a shape memory alloy beam with pseudoelastic behavior
Authors: Razavilar Reza , Fathi Alireza , Dardel Morteza , Arghavani Hadi Jamal
Published: February 2018

This article aims at developing a semi-analytic approach for studying the free and forced vibrations of a pseudoelastically behaving shape memory alloy beam. Based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, equations of motion were derived through Hamilton principle, and the obtained partial differential equations were decomposed by applying the Galerkin approach and were solved using Newmark integration method. A three-dimensional phenomenological model of shape memory alloy, which is capable of identifying the main properties of the shape memory alloy, was employed to model the behavior of the shape memory alloy beam. A closed-form numerical algorithm was introduced to simulate the governing kinetic equations of the shape memory alloy beam coupled with transformation strain. The presented novel solution approach is simple, flexible, and time-saving. Stability analysis was performed using phase state trajectories to show dynamic characteristics of the shape memory alloy beam. Due to hysteric behavior of the shape memory alloy, energy dissipation was clearly observed in early stages of the free vibration and within the transient regions of the forced vibration. The numerical results showed that, due to the hysteric induced damping effect, the vibration amplitude is smaller in comparison to an equivalent elastic beam, and consequently, the shape memory alloy beam exhibits more stable behavior at the resonant frequencies. This property can potentially find applications in energy damping applications and vibration control. Moreover, an interesting phenomenon called jumping was observed in the results of frequency response analysis. At jumping frequency, the amplitude of the frequency response has two distinct levels. This jumping frequency is as a result of the hysteresis behavior of the shape memory alloy, and it is a function of the exciting amplitude.
Evaluation of a Community Development Program in Nepal
Authors: Hong Ijin , Roh Kyung-hoo
Published: February 2018

Objective:

This study aims to evaluate the impact of a community development program meant to improve living standards of poor rural families through income generating activities (IGAs) based on conditional cash transfers (CCTs) in Doti, Nepal.

Method:

We use cross-sectional field data from a sample of 392 families representative of the village development committees of Pokhari, Ladagada, and Gajari. After running a propensity score analysis to increase comparability between the treatment and comparison groups, we compare mean scores on a series of chosen outcome variables via t-test analyses.

Results:

Results suggest that, although improvements in family income and living standards are felt subjectively, crop production might have worsened as a result of IGAs, suggesting the possibility of a trade-off and of long-term effects.

Discussion and Implications:

This article has implications for research and practice in community development programs and data collection and evaluation of such programs.
Shingrix: The New Adjuvanted Recombinant Herpes Zoster Vaccine
Authors: James Stephanie F. , Chahine Elias B. , Sucher Allana J. , Hanna Cassandra
Published: February 2018

Objectives: To review the immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of the herpes zoster subunit vaccine (HZ/su) for use in adult patients for the prevention of shingles. Data Sources: A literature search through PubMed was conducted (June 2008 to October 2017) using the terms shingles vaccine and varicella zoster virus. References from retrieved articles and the prescribing information were also reviewed for any additional material. Study Selection/Data Extraction: The literature search was limited to human studies published in English. Randomized controlled, multicenter trials were reviewed and included to evaluate the safety and efficacy of HZ/su. Literature on the epidemiology and pathology of herpes zoster virus infections and recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) were also reviewed. Data Synthesis: HZ/su is a new adjuvanted recombinant vaccine approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the prevention of herpes zoster in adults 50 years of age and older. HZ/su significantly reduced the risk of developing herpes zoster by more than 90% as compared with placebo and displayed a comparable adverse effect profile. The most common local adverse events were injection site pain, redness, and swelling, and the most common systemic adverse events were myalgia, fatigue, and headache. The ACIP recommends the routine use of HZ/su as the preferred vaccine for the prevention of herpes zoster in immunocompetent adults 50 years of age and older. Conclusions: Based on published immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety data, as well as the recent recommendations by the ACIP, HZ/su should be included on both hospital and community pharmacy formularies and recommended to all immunocompetent patients older than 50 years to prevent herpes zoster.
Critical Care Pharmacists and Medication Management in an ICU Recovery Center
Authors: Stollings Joanna L. , Bloom Sarah L. , Wang Li , Ely E. Wesley , Jackson James C. , Sevin Carla M.
Published: February 2018

Background: Many patients experience complications following critical illness; these are now widely referred to as post–intensive care syndrome (PICS). An interprofessional intensive care unit (ICU) recovery center (ICU-RC), also known as a PICS clinic, is one potential approach to promoting patient and family recovery following critical illness. Objectives: To describe the role of an ICU-RC critical care pharmacist in identifying and treating medication-related problems among ICU survivors. Methods: A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted of all outpatient appointments of a tertiary care hospital’s ICU-RC between July 2012 and December 2015. The pharmacist completed a full medication review, including medication reconciliation, interview, counseling, and resultant interventions, during the ICU-RC appointment. Results: Data from all completed ICU-RC visits were analyzed (n = 62). A full medication review was performed in 56 (90%) of these patients by the pharmacist. The median number of pharmacy interventions per patient was 4 (interquartile range = 2, 5). All 56 patients had at least 1 pharmacy intervention; 22 (39%) patients had medication(s) stopped at the clinic appointment, and 18 (32%) patients had new medication(s) started. The pharmacist identified 9 (16%) patients who had an adverse drug event (ADE); 18 (32%) patients had ADE preventive measures instituted. An influenza vaccination was administered to 13 (23%) patients despite an inpatient protocol to ensure influenza vaccination prior to discharge. A pneumococcal vaccination was administered to 2 (4%) patients. Conclusions: Use of a critical care pharmacist resulted in the identification and treatment of multiple medication-related problems in an ICU-RC as well as implementation of preventive measures.
Can Deliberative Minipublics Influence Public Opinion? Theory and Experimental Evidence
Authors: Ingham Sean , Levin Ines
Published: February 2018

Deliberative minipublics are small groups of citizens who deliberate together about a policy issue and convey their conclusions to decision makers. Theorists have argued that deliberative minipublics can give observers evidence about counterfactual, “enlightened” public opinion—what the people would think about an issue if they had the opportunity to deliberate with their fellow citizens. If the conclusions of a deliberative minipublic are received in this spirit and members of the public revise their opinions upon learning them, then deliberative minipublics could be a means of bringing actual public opinion into closer conformity with counterfactual, enlightened public opinion. We formalize a model of this theory and report the results of a survey experiment designed to test its predictions. The experiment produced evidence that learning the conclusions of a deliberative minipublic influenced respondents’ policy opinions, bringing them into closer conformity with the opinions of the participants in the deliberative minipublic.