bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deprescribing in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Associations With Patients' Perspectives: The Diabetes and Aging Study
Authors: Parker Melissa M. , Lipska Kasia J. , Gilliam Lisa K. , Grant Richard W. , Haider Shanzay , Huang Elbert S. , Jain Rajesh K. , Laiteerapong Neda , Liu Jennifer Y. , Moffet Howard H. , Karter Andrew J.
Published: January 2025

Background

Little is known about how patients' preferences, expectations, and beliefs (jointly referred to as perspectives) influence deprescribing. We evaluated the association of patients' self‐reported perspectives with subsequent deprescribing of diabetes medications in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Longitudinal cohort study of 1629 pharmacologically treated adults ages 65–100 years with type 2 diabetes who received care at Kaiser Permanente of Northern California (KPNC) and participated in the Diabetes Preferences and Self‐Care survey (2019). The survey asked questions about perspectives regarding the use of diabetes medications. Deprescribing was identified during the 24 months following the survey and defined as any of the following: discontinuation of one or more therapeutic classes, reduction in frequency of daily dosing, reduction in total daily pill count, or reduction in total daily dose for oral hypoglycemic agents. Rates of deprescribing and measures of relative risk were calculated for patients' perspectives and select clinical factors. Models predicting deprescribing were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, health literacy, baseline number of diabetes medications, duration of diabetes, overtreatment per Endocrine Society guidelines, and KPNC eligibility for targeted deprescribing and weighted to account for the age‐stratified complex sampling design and survey response.

Results

Six hundred seventy‐three (38%) patients experienced deprescribing over a mean follow‐up of 23 months. Deprescribing was significantly associated with the following patient perspectives: not expecting to need diabetes medication for life (RR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.07–2.03) and not recognizing that taking fewer medications could lead to higher blood sugar levels (RR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.09–1.58).

Conclusions

Patients' perspectives may enable or hinder deprescribing, emphasizing the importance of soliciting these perspectives during shared decision‐making. Effective deprescribing will benefit from understanding patients' perspectives and fostering patient–provider communication about medication changes throughout the disease course.
Inscribing Impact: Measurement Practices in the Making of Moral Markets
Authors: Casasnovas Guillermo , Hehenberger Lisa , Papageorgiou Kyriaki
Published: January 2025

Moral markets, designed to generate positive impact on pressing social and environmental challenges, are transforming traditional market practices by including more than economic considerations in their operations. The importance of these markets continues to grow as investors, regulators, and consumers increasingly put pressure on companies to account for their broader social and environmental impacts. However, the absence of standardized norms and tools to measure impact may erode trust and lead to ‘impact washing’. This paper examines the process of impact inscription – how actors embed their principles, objectives, and values into artefacts such as measurement tools that shape moral market practices. Drawing on qualitative, in‐depth data from Spain's emerging impact investing market, we unpack impact inscription and identify three key mechanisms: demarcating moral market boundaries, accounting for social issues, and redefining governance structures. By driving changes in scope, roles, and incentives, these mechanisms influence the emergence of moral markets and can result in either disruptive change (with the risk of paralysis) or incremental change (with the risk of goal displacement). Our study also prompts a deeper reflection on how measurement tools embed value judgments, shaping how markets internalize social and environmental externalities and integrate them into market exchanges.
Role and Prognostic Implications of Venous Outflow Assessment in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Barghash Maggie , Salim Hamza Adel , Mei Janet , Tantawi Mohamed , Elnaeem Awab K. , Frade Heitor Cabral , Kabeel Khalid , Lakhani Dhairya A. , Koneru Manisha , Hillis Argye E. , Llinas Raf , Lu Hanzhang , Leigh Rich , Bahouth Mona , Urrutia Victor C. , Marsh Elisabeth B. , Xu Risheng , Huang Judy , Wintermark Max , Nael Kambiz , Albers Gregory W. , Stracke Paul , Faizy Tobias D. , Heit Jeremy J. , Yedavalli Vivek
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The venous outflow profile (VOP) is a crucial yet often overlooked aspect affecting stroke outcomes. It plays a major role in the physiopathology of acute cerebral ischemia, as it accounts for both the upstream arterial collaterals and cerebral microperfusion. This enables it to circumvent the limitations of various arterial collateral evaluation systems, which often fail to consider impaired autoregulation and its impact on cerebral blood flow at the microcirculatory levels. In this narrative review, we will highlight the different parameters and modalities used to assess the VOP in acute ischemia.

VO Assessment With Different Modalities

CT parameters include cortical vein opacification score, interhemispheric difference of composite scores of the draining veins classifications on single‐phase CT angiography (CTA), as well as the extent and velocity of optimal cortical venous filling on multiphase CTA. Differences in contrast administration and acquisition time render the single‐phase CTA parameters less reliable. Perfusion parameters are semiautomated, thus offering greater reproducibility. These include time to peak and prolonged venous transit. Finally, the venous transit time is an MRI parameter.

Associations and Prognostic Implications

VOP parameters’ significance lies in their potential to predict tissue fate and, subsequently, clinical outcomes. Recent studies indicate that favorable VOP is independently associated with slower rates of infarct edema progression, smaller infarct volumes, and higher rates of functional independence after 90 days. Moreover, it is considered a predictor of recanalization success and the first‐pass effect during mechanical thrombectomy. Conversely, an unfavorable VOP predicts futile recanalization and indicates a higher risk of reperfusion hemorrhage. Our aim is to explore these prognostic implications and their relevance in determining the utility of intracranial intervention.
Brain MRI Detection of an Abnormal Peak Width of Skeletonized Mean Diffusivity in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Authors: Lee Dong Ah , Lee Ho‐Joon , Park Kang Min
Published: January 2025

Background and Purpose

Peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) is a novel marker of white matter damage, which may be related to small vessel disease. This study aimed to investigate the presence of white matter damage in patients with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) using PSMD.

Methods

We enrolled patients with newly diagnosed isolated RBD confirmed by polysomnography and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was conducted using a 3‐Tesla MRI scanner. We measured the PSMD based on DTI in several steps, including preprocessing, skeletonization, application of a custom mask, and histogram analysis, using the Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Software Library program. We compared the incidence of PSMD between patients with RBD and healthy controls and performed a correlation analysis between PSMD and clinical factors in patients with RBD.

Results

Thirty patients with isolated RBD and 41 healthy controls were enrolled. The PSMD was significantly higher in patients with RBD than that in the healthy controls (3.078 vs. 2.746 × 10−4 mm2/s, p = 0.001). In addition, PSMD positively correlated with age in patients with RBD (r = 0.477, p = 0.007). However, PSMD was not associated with other clinical or polysomnographic factors.

Conclusion

Patients with isolated RBD had a higher PSMD than healthy controls, indicating the evidence of white matter damage in patients with RBD. This finding highlights the potential of PSMD as a marker for detecting white matter damage, which may be related to small vessel diseases, in patients with sleep disorders.
Long‐Term Follow‐Up of a Patient With SPG11
Authors: Osakada Yosuke , Yunoki Taijun , Matsuoka Chika , Fukui Yusuke , Tsunoda Keiichiro , Deguchi Kentaro , Morihara Ryuta , Yamashita Toru , Ishiura Hiroyuki
Published: January 2025

We present a case of a male patient with disease‐causing variants in SPG11, a causative gene for autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia with a thin corpus callosum (ARHSP‐TCC), as well as juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS5) and Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT2X). A neurological examination at age 18 revealed dysarthria, muscle weakness in bilateral lower extremities, hyperreflexia in patellar reflex, hyporeflexia in Achilles reflex with an extensor plantar reflex, and intellectual disability. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a thin corpus callosum and ears of the lynx sign. At the age of 26, weakness and muscle atrophy progressed. While no sensory disturbances were noted, there was a mild decrease in sensory nerve action potentials of the sural nerve over the 8 years between 18 and 26. Clinicians should be aware that SPG11 belongs to the same spectrum of disorders as ALS5 and CMT2X and presents various phenotypes depending on the stage of the disease.
Effect of nbe‐miR403‐5p on tobacco curly shoot virus infection in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Wu Gentu , Zhang Haolan , Li Jie , Wu Rui , Wang Xu , Ghanem Hussein , Li Mingjun , Qing Ling
Published: January 2025

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating plant growth, development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Our previous studies showed that tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV) causes miRNA differential expression in infected Nicotiana benthamiana, but the relationship between TbCSV infection and miRNA is unclear. TbCSV infection leads to a decrease in the expression levels of nbe‐miR403‐5p. This study aimed to explore the relationship between nbe‐miR403‐5p expression and TbCSV DNA accumulation by manipulating its expression levels using pCVA for upregulation and PVX for downregulation. The results showed that increased expression of nbe‐miR403‐5p exacerbated leaf curling symptoms and enhanced viral DNA accumulation in N. benthamiana, whereas decreased expression mitigated viral DNA accumulation and alleviated symptoms of infection. Downregulation of NbAGO2, the target gene of nbe‐miR403‐5p, consequent to the overexpression of nbe‐miR403‐5p, was identified. Silencing of NbAGO2 through virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) compromised plant resistance to viral infection and facilitated virus accumulation in N. benthamiana. This study sheds light on the role of nbe‐miR403‐5p in plant defence against TbCSV infection and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying miRNA‐mediated interactions between plants and viruses.
The Insight Study: A Case–Control Psychological Autopsy Study Examining Factors Associated With Suicide in Middle‐Aged People
Authors: De Jaegere Eva , Stas Pauline , van Heeringen Kees , van Landschoot Renate , Rotsaert Ine , Audenaert Kurt , Portzky Gwendolyn
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Despite current suicide prevention strategies, suicide rates are increasing in many Western countries in the 45–60 age group. To comprehend the high risk of suicide in this group, it is essential to gain insight into its risk factors.

Methods

A case–control psychological autopsy study examined the differences between individuals who died by suicide (i.e., suicide cases) and those with psychological problems (i.e., living controls) between the ages of 45 and 60 years.

Results

Eighty‐two informants were interviewed regarding 48 suicide cases and 23 controls. Controls were significantly more likely than suicide cases to have discussed the subject of euthanasia (45.5% vs.15.2%), to experience physical problems (95.7% vs. 70.8%), and to undergo treatment for these problems (73.9% vs. 39.6%). Suicide cases were more likely to be diagnosed with a depressive episode, depressive disorder (87.5% vs. 60.9%), but less likely to have current treatment for psychiatric disorders (70.8% vs. 95.7%). Suicide cases were more likely than controls to experience problems at work (85.4% vs. 60.9%), future financial problems (59.0% vs. 22.2%), and concerns about these problems (56.8% vs. 22.2).

Conclusion

The results suggest possibilities for suicide prevention among middle‐aged individuals through targeted interventions addressing mental healthcare, occupational settings, and financial distress.
Finite-Volume Physics-Informed U-Net for Flow Field Reconstruction with Sparse Data
Authors: Zhu Tong , Liu Dehao , Lu Yanglong
Published: January 2025

Fluid dynamics is governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) which are solved numerically. The limitations of traditional methods in data assimilation hinder their effective engagement with experiments. Physics-informed neural network (PINN) has emerged as a hybrid data-physics-driven model for convective problems. However, the approach suffers from low accuracy and poor efficiency due to the way of incorporating PDEs. In this work, a novel convolutional neural network framework integrating the finite volume method (FVM) is developed to address the challenge. The interface variables of the grid are predicted by the neural network for the first time, rather than a complex procedure in FVM. The physical law is then learned by minimizing the residual of the discretized conservative form of PDEs. A comparison between this model and the existing PINN models regarding prediction accuracy demonstrates the superiority of embedding PDEs through FVM. The effects of sampling strategies and quantities are studied. The result confirms the model's capability to utilize sparse measurement data within the computational domain. Furthermore, the model performs well even in scenarios where partial initial and boundary conditions are absent.
Applications and latest research progress of liposomes in the treatment of ocular diseases
Authors: Tang Huan , Li Xinnan , Jin Lin , Dong Jicheng , Yang Li , Li Chunmei , Zhang Lijun , Cheng Fang
Published: January 2025

The special structure of eyes and the existence of various physiological barriers make ocular drug delivery one of the most difficult problems in the pharmaceutical field. Considering the problems of patient compliance, local administration remains the preferred method of drug administration in the anterior part of eyes. However, local administration suffers from poor bioavailability, need for frequent administration, and systemic toxicity. Administration in the posterior part of the eye is more difficult, and intravitreal injection is often used. But intravitreal injection faces the problems of poor patient compliance and likely side effects after multiple injections. The development of nanocarrier technology provides an effective way to solve these problems. Among them, liposomes, as the most widely used carrier in clinical application, have the characteristics of amphiphilic nanostructure, easy surface modification, extended release time, good biocompatibility, etc. The liposomes are expected to overcome obstacles and effectively deliver drugs to the target site to improve ocular drug bioavailability. This review summarized the various controllable properties of liposomes for ocular delivery as well as the application and research progress of liposomes in various ocular diseases. In addition, we summarized the physiological barriers and routes of administration contained in eyes, as well as the prospects of liposomes in the treatment of ocular diseases.
Modeling dispersion of circumferential waves in underwater targets with spectral methods
Authors: Dong Jianwei , Li Xiukun , Yu Ge
Published: January 2025

The dispersion of circumferential waves propagating around cylindrical and spherical underwater targets with an arbitrary number of elastic and fluid layers is modeled using the spectral collocation method. The underlying differential equations are discretized by Chebyshev interpolation and the corresponding differentiation matrices, and the calculation of the dispersion curves is transformed into a generalized eigenvalue problem. Furthermore, for targets in infinite fluid, the perfect matched layer is used to emulate the Sommerfeld radiation condition. For solid targets, a transformation of potential functions, along with the corresponding boundary condition, is introduced to eliminate the singularity of the low-order modes at the origin. Numerical results are presented and compared with results obtained by the winding number integral method to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the approach.
Effectiveness of shared decision making strategies for stroke prevention among patients with atrial fibrillation: cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ozanne Elissa M , Barnes Geoffrey D , Brito Juan P , Cameron Kenzie A , Cavanaugh Kerri L , Greene Tom , Jackson Elizabeth A , Montori Victor M , Steinberg Benjamin A , Witt Daniel M , Noseworthy Peter , Passman Rod S , Kansal Preeti , Crossley George , Roden Dan M , Christensen Joshua T , Ariotti Anthony , Jones Aubrey E , Bardsley Tyler , Wu Chaorong , Fagerlin Angela
Published: January 2025

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of multiple decision aid strategies in promoting high quality shared decision making for prevention of stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

Design

Cluster randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Six academic medical centers in the United States.

Participants

Patient participants were aged ≥18 with a diagnosis of non-valvular atrial fibrillation, at risk for stroke (CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc ≥1 for men, ≥2 for women), and scheduled for a clinical appointment to discuss stroke prevention strategies. Participating clinicians were those who manage stroke prevention strategies for participating patients.

Intervention

Patients were randomized to use a patient decision aid or usual care; clinicians were randomized to use an encounter decision aid or usual care with all participating patients.

Main outcome measures

Primary outcome measures were quality of shared decision making measured by OPTION12, knowledge of atrial fibrillation and its management, and decisional conflict.

Results

1117 participants across six sites were included in the analysis. Compared with usual care, the combined use of both the patient decision aid and the encounter decision aid improved the quality of shared decision making (adjusted mean difference 12.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 8.0 to 16.2; P<0.001), improved patients’ knowledge (odds ratio 1.68 (95% CI 1.35 to 2.09; P<0.001), and reduced patients’ decisional conflict (adjusted mean difference −6.3 (95% CI −9.6 to −3.1; P<0.001). Statistically significant improvements were also observed with the encounter decision aid alone versus usual care for all three outcomes and with the patient decision aid alone versus usual care for quality of shared decision making and knowledge. No important differences were observed in treatment choices for stroke prevention or in participants’ satisfaction. No statistically significant difference in the length of visit across study groups was detected.

Conclusion

Patients who received any decision aid (encounter decision aid, patient decision aid, or both) had lower decisional conflict, better shared decision making, and greater knowledge than those receiving no decision aid, except for the effect of the patient decision aid on decisional conflict, which did not reach statistical significance. The study establishes that use of either pre-visit or in-visit decision aids individually or in combination is advantageous compared with usual care.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04357288
.
Duration of antibiotic therapy in the intensive care unit: factors influencing decision-making during multidisciplinary meetings
Authors: Janssen Robin M.E. , Oerlemans Anke J.M. , Bos Nynke , van der Hoeven Johannes G. , Oostdijk Evelien A.N. , Derde Lennie P.G. , ten Oever Jaap , Wertheim Heiman F.L. , Schouten Jeroen A. , Hulscher Marlies E.J.L.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

In the intensive care unit (ICU), antibiotics are often given longer than recommended in guidelines. A better understanding of the factors influencing antibiotic therapy duration is needed to develop improvement strategies to effectively address these drivers of excessive duration. This study aimed to explore the determinants of adherence to recommended antibiotic therapy durations among healthcare professionals involved in antibiotic decision-making within the ICU, focusing on multidisciplinary meetings (MDMs).

Methods

Semistructured interviews were held with healthcare professionals involved in antibiotic decision-making during MDMs in four Dutch ICUs. Participants included intensivists, clinical microbiologists and ICU residents. Transcripts were analysed using deductive and inductive content analysis methods.

Results

A total of 20 participants were interviewed. The interviews revealed that decision-making regarding antibiotic therapy duration is a complex process, primarily centred around professional interactions during MDMs and involving a broad range of determinants. These determinants were categorised into the following four steps: (1) the introduction of duration as a topic for discussion in the MDM (eg, lack of priority to discuss antibiotic therapy duration); (2) the discussion of antibiotic therapy duration itself (eg, lack of core members during MDM); (3) the establishment of a concrete decision (eg, lack of documentation of the decisions made); (4) the execution of the decision (eg, forgetting to stop antibiotics).

Conclusions

Our study identified numerous factors that influence decisions about the duration of antibiotic therapy during MDMs in the ICU. By describing these factors throughout the decision-making process, we provided valuable insights into barriers that commonly arise in specific steps, highlighting critical areas for improvement. Daily MDMs were deemed essential for informed decision-making regarding antibiotic therapy duration by the interviewees. Strategies to improve appropriate duration in the ICU should prioritise strengthening interdisciplinary communication between healthcare professionals and adding structure to these meetings.
StatuScale: Status-aware and Elastic Scaling Strategy for Microservice Applications
Authors: Wen Linfeng , Xu Minxian , Gill Sukhpal Singh , Hilman Muhammad Hafizhuddin , Srirama Satish Narayana , Ye Kejiang , Xu Chengzhong
Published: January 2025

Microservice architecture has transformed traditional monolithic applications into lightweight components. Scaling these lightweight microservices is more efficient than scaling servers. However, scaling microservices still faces the challenges resulted from the unexpected spikes or bursts of requests, which are difficult to detect and can degrade performance instantaneously. To address this challenge and ensure the performance of microservice-based applications, we propose a status-aware and elastic scaling framework called

StatuScale

, which is based on load status detector that can select appropriate elastic scaling strategies for differentiated resource scheduling in vertical scaling. Additionally, StatuScale employs a horizontal scaling controller that utilizes comprehensive evaluation and resource reduction to manage the number of replicas for each microservice. We also present a novel metric named correlation factor to evaluate the resource usage efficiency. Finally, we use Kubernetes, an open-source container orchestration and management platform, and realistic traces from Alibaba to validate our approach. The experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed framework can reduce the average response time in the Sock-Shop application by 8.59% to 12.34%, and in the Hotel-Reservation application by 7.30% to 11.97%, decrease service level objective violations, and offer better performance in resource usage compared to baselines.
gCom: Fine-grained Compressors in Graphics Memory of Mobile GPU
Authors: Tang Dongjie , Wu Zijun , Wang Yun , Gu Yicheng , Liu Fangxin , Qi Zhengwei
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, GPUs significantly boost rendering performance. However, the high memory requirements limit their use, especially on low-end mobile platforms. Compression techniques have been widely adopted to reduce memory consumption but face two primary issues when applied to mobile GPUs: 1)
low repetition ratio
caused by small raw data sizes and concurrency, and 2)
low locality
caused by unpredictable rendering behaviors. These two limitations result in a low compression ratio when compressors are applied to low-end mobile devices.

This paper introduces
gCom
, a fine-grained rendering compressor accelerated by GPUs. To improve the compression ratio,
gCom
incorporates the following innovations: 1) Unlike other compression techniques that use frames or tiles as basic processing units,
gCom
is the first to employ a fine-grained processing unit (i.e., the color channel), enhancing repetition amplification without increasing raw data. 2)
gCom
introduces two key features,
hierarchical delta
, and
channel decorrelator
, which maximize the locality of adjacent channels and reduce raw data size. 3) To maintain the original GPU throughput,
gCom
revolutionizes the Golomb-Rice algorithm and proposes a new compression approach, the
Parallel-Oriented Golomb-Rice (POGR)
algorithm, enabling parallel execution of both decompression and compression processes. The entire design of
gCom
utilizes only idle resources and existing commands on mobile GPUs, thus keeping purchasing costs low.

To date,
gCom
has improved the channel locality by nearly 50%. The best compression achievement received by
gCom
has reached around 20%.
Supplemental Table 1 from Disparities in Cancer Stage Shifts Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic in California, 2020 to 2021
Authors: Wang Katarina , Canchola Alison J. , McKinley Meg , Guan Alice , Vu Annie , Lin Katherine , Meltzer Dan , Dixit Niharika , Chu Janet N. , Idossa Dame , Van Blarigan Erin L. , Cheng Iona , Shariff-Marco Salma , Gomez Scarlett Lin
Published: January 2025

Supplemental Table 1. Population counts per pandemic time period and absolute change in percentage of late-stage cancer diagnoses for Post-Shutdown #2 and Post-Vaccine Rollout
Supplemental Figure 1 from Disparities in Cancer Stage Shifts Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic in California, 2020 to 2021
Authors: Wang Katarina , Canchola Alison J. , McKinley Meg , Guan Alice , Vu Annie , Lin Katherine , Meltzer Dan , Dixit Niharika , Chu Janet N. , Idossa Dame , Van Blarigan Erin L. , Cheng Iona , Shariff-Marco Salma , Gomez Scarlett Lin
Published: January 2025

Supplemental Figure 1. Age distributions from 2019 vs. 2021 from American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2021
Sup. Table 2 from Gastric Cancer Risk among Immigrants and Socioeconomic Groups in the Netherlands
Authors: Mülder Duco T. , van de Schootbrugge - Vandermeer Hilliene J. , O’Mahony James F. , Sun Dianqin , Han Weiran , Verhoeven Rob H.A. , van Loo Marlon , van de Veerdonk Wessel , Spaander Manon C.W. , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris
Published: January 2025

Age-specific incidence rates per 100,000 for immigrants from selected countries in the Netherlands in the period 2010 to 2021. *Numbers were too small for other countries.
Sup. Figure 3 from Gastric Cancer Risk among Immigrants and Socioeconomic Groups in the Netherlands
Authors: Mülder Duco T. , van de Schootbrugge - Vandermeer Hilliene J. , O’Mahony James F. , Sun Dianqin , Han Weiran , Verhoeven Rob H.A. , van Loo Marlon , van de Veerdonk Wessel , Spaander Manon C.W. , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris
Published: January 2025

Observed stage distribution at the time of diagnosis of GC patients per country of birth. The countries with fewer than 10 observations in any given category have been amalgamated. The results are presented in totals and stratified by topographic location (non-cardia and cardia).
Supplementary Figure S3 from The Influence of DNA Repair Genes and Prenatal Tobacco Exposure on Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Gene–Environment Interaction Study
Authors: Wang Xinran , Zhong Charlie , Ma Xiaomei , Metayer Catherine , Mancuso Nicolas , Gauderman W. James , Wiemels Joseph L.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Figure S3 shows bulk tissue expression for MLH3. This gene is expressed highly in pre-B lymphoblasts which is the target for transformation in childhood ALL.
Table S5 from Physical Activity during Adolescence and Early Adulthood and Breast Cancer Risk before Age 40 Years
Authors: Kehm Rebecca D. , Genkinger Jeanine M. , Knight Julia A. , MacInnis Robert J. , Liao Yuyan , Li Shuai , Weideman Prue C. , Chung Wendy K. , Kurian Allison W. , Colonna Sarah V. , Andrulis Irene L. , Buys Saundra S. , Daly Mary B. , John Esther M. , Hopper John L. , Terry Mary Beth
Published: January 2025

Characteristics of the restricted cohort, n = 10,079
Figure S4 from Physical Activity during Adolescence and Early Adulthood and Breast Cancer Risk before Age 40 Years
Authors: Kehm Rebecca D. , Genkinger Jeanine M. , Knight Julia A. , MacInnis Robert J. , Liao Yuyan , Li Shuai , Weideman Prue C. , Chung Wendy K. , Kurian Allison W. , Colonna Sarah V. , Andrulis Irene L. , Buys Saundra S. , Daly Mary B. , John Esther M. , Hopper John L. , Terry Mary Beth
Published: January 2025

Figure S4 presents metabolic equivalents-per-week distribution of recreational physical activity by recreational activity quartiles and age group at enrollment.
Figure S3 from Physical Activity during Adolescence and Early Adulthood and Breast Cancer Risk before Age 40 Years
Authors: Kehm Rebecca D. , Genkinger Jeanine M. , Knight Julia A. , MacInnis Robert J. , Liao Yuyan , Li Shuai , Weideman Prue C. , Chung Wendy K. , Kurian Allison W. , Colonna Sarah V. , Andrulis Irene L. , Buys Saundra S. , Daly Mary B. , John Esther M. , Hopper John L. , Terry Mary Beth
Published: January 2025

Figure S3 provides four examples of how follow-up time was calculated in the study to incorporate both retrospective and prospective data collection.
Supplementary Table S7 from Diet Changes and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the UK Biobank
Authors: Hoang Tung , Cho Sooyoung , Shin Aesun
Published: January 2025

Sensitivity analysis of associations between dietary changes and colorectal cancer risk excluding multiple visit individuals who exhibited inconsistent trends of dietary changes during follow-up
Supplementary Table S13 from Diet Changes and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the UK Biobank
Authors: Hoang Tung , Cho Sooyoung , Shin Aesun
Published: January 2025

Associations between baseline to latest follow-up duration and colorectal cancer risk
Supplementary Table S1 from Diet Changes and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the UK Biobank
Authors: Hoang Tung , Cho Sooyoung , Shin Aesun
Published: January 2025

Contingency table for distribution of dietary intake at baseline and latest visit
Table S8 from Risk of Developing a Subsequent Primary Cancer among Adult Cancer Survivors
Authors: Warkentin Matthew T. , Cheung Winson Y. , Brenner Darren R. , O’Sullivan Dylan E.
Published: January 2025

Supplemental Table 8. Risk of developing a subsequent primary cancer for cancer survivors under 85. All survivors of first primary cancers diagnosed at age 85+ were excluded and all survivors of cancers diagnosed before 85 were artificially censored at 85 if the cancer survivor was still under observation and had not yet developed a subsequent primary cancer, lost to follow-up, or deceased.
Supplementary Table 1 from Alcohol and Cannabis Use Associated with Cardiometabolic Biomarkers among “All of Us” Cancer Survivors
Authors: Arizpe Angel , Chapman Tiffany M. , Rodriguez Claudia , Carvajal Alberto , Queen Katelyn J. , Navarro Stephanie , Ochoa-Dominguez Carol Y. , Kim Sue E. , Toledo-Corral Claudia M. , Farias Albert J.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Table 1: Shows the distribution of cancer survivors excluded compared to those included in our final sample by all study variables
Supplementary Data from Small Area Estimation of PSA Testing in US States and Counties
Authors: Liu Benmei , Pleis John R. , Khan Diba , Parsons Van L. , Lee Richard , Cai Bill , Town Machell , Feuer Eric J. , He Yulei
Published: January 2025

The supplementary material includes details on the rational of input data grouping, the small area models, and model diagnosis and selection.
Supplementary Table S3 from Treatment and Survival Differences between Patients with Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Versus Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Anampa Jesus D. , Lin Shuwen , Obeng-Gyasi Samilia , Xue Xiaonan
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Table S3 shows baseline characteristics of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma vs. invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast with known HER2 status (2010-2020). Abbreviations: IDC, invasive ductal carcinoma; ILC, invasive lobular carcinoma; sd, standard deviation; y, years; No., number; NH, Non-Hispanic; k, 1000 dollars; BCS, breast-conserving surgery; HR, hormone receptor; ER, estrogen receptor; PR, progesterone receptor; HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2.
Table S1 - Sub-group Definition from Strength in Numbers: Identifying a Significant Association between High Serum Ferritin Levels and Newly Diagnosed Malignancy in a Large Health Organization Cohort
Authors: Simchovitz Gesher Alon , Grinin Keren , Atias Dor , Patalon Tal , Gazit Sivan , Hoshen Moshe , Dagan Amir
Published: January 2025

Detail on the different malignancies defining each sub-group used in the study
Figure S1 from Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity Is an Independent Predictor of Worse Survival for Gastric Cancer in a Multicenter Safety-Net Patient Population
Authors: Klingbeil Kyle D. , Dillon Dustin L. , Zarrinkhoo Erfan , Bechay Kirollos , Park Joon Y. , Rook Jordan M. , Mederos Michael A. , Girgis Mark D. , Chen Keren , Chen Kuan-Ting , Bastani Roshan , Manouchehr-Pour Shawdi , Dubé Priyanka , Viragh Karoly , Thomas Mariam , Chiu Victor , Kadera Brian E.
Published: January 2025

Comparison of the Kaplan Meier curves for overall survival and disease specific survival for patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.
Data from Identifying Measures for Understanding and Addressing County-Level Disparities in Adolescent HPV Vaccination Coverage in North Carolina
Authors: Grabert Brigid K. , McKeithen Mary Catharine , Trogdon Justin G. , Spees Lisa P. , Wheeler Stephanie B. , Myers Jenny K. , Spencer Jennifer C. , Gilkey Melissa B.
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage is characterized by geographic disparities in the United States, with national studies finding lower coverage in rural versus nonrural areas. To direct quality improvement efforts in North Carolina, we sought to understand how different rurality measures characterize these disparities.
Methods:
We used separate negative binomial regression models to test associations between five dichotomized county-level rurality measures and HPV vaccination coverage (≥1 dose) among North Carolina adolescents, aged 11 to 12 years (n = 326,345). Rurality measures were derived from: Office of Management and Budget’s Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Rural–Urban Continuum Codes, Index of Relative Rurality, US Census Bureau classifications, and North Carolina Rural Center classifications. Models controlled for Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) percentile and rate of pediatricians per county. Vaccination data came from the North Carolina Immunization Registry.
Results:
HPV vaccination coverage was 29% across North Carolina’s 100 counties (range: 13%, 46%). Agreement between rurality measures ranged from 54% to 93% of counties. In adjusted analyses, none of the five rurality measures were correlated with HPV vaccination coverage, but higher SVI and higher rate of pediatricians were positively associated with coverage (P < 0.01). Exploratory moderation analyses suggested regional variation in the relationship between rurality and coverage, with a positive association in one region, a negative association in one region, and no association in four regions.
Conclusions:
County-level rurality measures did not identify disparities in HPV vaccination coverage in North Carolina.
Impact:
Measures related to social vulnerability and access to pediatricians may be better suited for understanding and addressing the state’s substantial county-level vaccination disparities.
Data from Disparities in Cancer Stage Shifts Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic in California, 2020 to 2021
Authors: Wang Katarina , Canchola Alison J. , McKinley Meg , Guan Alice , Vu Annie , Lin Katherine , Meltzer Dan , Dixit Niharika , Chu Janet N. , Idossa Dame , Van Blarigan Erin L. , Cheng Iona , Shariff-Marco Salma , Gomez Scarlett Lin
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground:
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated shutdowns disrupted healthcare access and resulted in decreased cancer screenings. Cancer diagnosis delays have concerning downstream effects on late-stage cancer, especially for marginalized populations.
Methods:
The study population included 349,458 adults in the California Cancer Registry diagnosed with cancer between January 2019 and December 2021, during which California experienced two stay-at-home orders. We examined the percentage of late-stage (III–IV) cancer diagnoses across five periods: Pre-pandemic (January 2019–February 2020), Shutdown #1 (March–June 2020), Post-shutdown #1 (July–November 2020), Post-shutdown #2 (December 2020–March 2021), and Post-vaccine rollout (April–December 2021). To examine the association between time period and late-stage diagnoses, we conducted a multivariable log-binomial regression model adjusted for sociodemographic and neighborhood factors.
Results:
The percentage of late-stage cancer diagnoses increased during Shutdown #1 (+5.2%) and returned to baseline Post-vaccine rollout. Groups with notably higher increases in the percentage of late-stage cancer (vs. overall population) during Shutdown #1 include Pacific Islander (+13.7%), Thai (+11.2%), Chinese (+8.1%), Native Hawaiian (+7.4%), Filipino (+6.6%), and uninsured (+7.4%). Uninsured [vs. private insurance; prevalence ratio (PR), 1.41], low neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES; vs. high; PR, 1.19), and racial and ethnic minoritized groups (vs. non-Hispanic White; PR, 1.04–1.19) had higher likelihood for late-stage cancer diagnosis.
Conclusions:
The pandemic exacerbated late-stage cancer disparities for racial and ethnic minoritized groups, underinsured, and low nSES communities in California (2020–2021).
Impact:
Interventions to improve cancer screening must be focused on racial and ethnic minoritized, underinsured, and low nSES communities, as they are likely to be more vulnerable to healthcare disruptions like the pandemic.
Data from Gastric Cancer Risk among Immigrants and Socioeconomic Groups in the Netherlands
Authors: Mülder Duco T. , van de Schootbrugge - Vandermeer Hilliene J. , O’Mahony James F. , Sun Dianqin , Han Weiran , Verhoeven Rob H.A. , van Loo Marlon , van de Veerdonk Wessel , Spaander Manon C.W. , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground:
Identification of groups at a high risk of gastric cancer could facilitate targeted screening in countries with a low gastric cancer incidence. Our aim was to identify such high-risk groups based on individual-level population data on migration history and socioeconomic status (SES) in the Netherlands.
Methods:
In this retrospective cohort study, patient data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry were linked to demographic data of Statistics Netherlands in the period 2010 to 2022. Gastric cancer incidence rates in the 14 largest immigrant populations were compared with those born in the Netherlands. Odds ratios (OR) were computed per birthplace and controlled for age, sex, and SES. Additionally, we investigated gastric cancer risk among second-generation immigrants and by SES.
Results:
Immigrant populations at a significantly higher gastric cancer risk compared with the general population were identified. Specifically, foreign-born first-generation immigrants from Bosnia–Herzegovina (OR, 2.42), Turkey (OR, 2.22), and China (OR, 1.92) showed elevated risk. Whereas low SES increased the odds of developing gastric cancer, first-generation immigrants remained at higher risk even after controlling for SES. Second-generation immigrants did not have a significantly higher risk of developing gastric cancer.
Conclusions:
Certain first-generation immigrants remain at an elevated risk for gastric cancer despite migration to a low-risk region. Identification of these high-risk groups should be used to facilitate targeted gastric cancer prevention.
Impact:
Potential benefits of targeted Helicobacter pylori test-and-treat policy in immigrant populations should be explored in clinical and modeling studies. Primary care physicians should be cognizant of high-risk groups, facilitating the early detection of cancer within these populations.
Data from Small Area Estimation of PSA Testing in US States and Counties
Authors: Liu Benmei , Pleis John R. , Khan Diba , Parsons Van L. , Lee Richard , Cai Bill , Town Machell , Feuer Eric J. , He Yulei
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground:
In 2012, the US Preventive Services Task Force recommended against prostate cancer screening using the PSA test for all age groups. In 2018, the US Preventive Services Task Force’s recommendation shifted from a “D” (not recommended) to a “C” (selectively offering PSA-based screening based on professional judgment and patient preferences) in men ages 55 to 69. Limited reliable county-level prostate cancer screening data are available for cancer surveillance purposes.
Methods:
Utilizing data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) collected in 2012 to 2019, state- and county-level small area models were developed for estimating PSA testing. Model diagnosis, internal validation, and external validation examining associations of PSA testing and prostate cancer incidence were conducted.
Results:
Model-based estimates of PSA testing rates were produced for all US states and 3,142 counties for two data periods: 2012 to 2016 and 2018 to 2019. Geographic variations across counties were demonstrated through maps. Moderate positive correlations between PSA-based screening and prostate cancer incidence were observed, e.g., the state-level weighted Pearson’s correlation coefficients were 0.5025 (P value = 0.0002) and 0.3691 (P value = 0.0077) for 2012 to 2016 and 2018 to 2019, respectively.
Conclusions:
These modeled estimates showed improved precision and adjusted for the differences between the BRFSS and NHIS. The approach of combining the NHIS and BRFSS utilized strengths of the larger sample size of the BRFSS and generally higher response rates and better household coverage from the NHIS.
Impact:
The resulting small area estimates offer a valuable resource for the cancer surveillance community, aiding in targeted interventions, decision making, and further research endeavors.
Figure S3 from Transient EZH2 Suppression by Tazemetostat during In Vitro Expansion Maintains T-Cell Stemness and Improves Adoptive T-Cell Therapy
Authors: Hou Yingqin , Zak Jaroslav , Shi Yujie , Pratumchai Isaraphorn , Dinner Brandon , Wang Wenjian , Qin Ke , Weber Evan W. , Teijaro John R. , Wu Peng
Published: January 2025

Figure S3 OT-I splenocytes were stimulated with 500 nM OVA257-264 for 3 days in the presence of 60 IU/mL IL2 and expanded for 2 more days. Taz treatment was started at 0h, 24h, 48h, and 72h upon stimulation and cells were analyzed on day5.
Figure S12 from Transient EZH2 Suppression by Tazemetostat during In Vitro Expansion Maintains T-Cell Stemness and Improves Adoptive T-Cell Therapy
Authors: Hou Yingqin , Zak Jaroslav , Shi Yujie , Pratumchai Isaraphorn , Dinner Brandon , Wang Wenjian , Qin Ke , Weber Evan W. , Teijaro John R. , Wu Peng
Published: January 2025

Figure S12 The effect of tazemetostat on H3K27me3 levels and associated gene expression.
Figure 6 from Complement Factor H Is an ICOS Ligand Modulating Tregs in the Glioma Microenvironment
Authors: Smolag Karolina I. , Olszowka Jakub , Rosberg Rebecca , Johansson Elinn , Marinko Elisabet , Leandersson Karin , O’Connell David J. , Governa Valeria , Tuysuz Emre Can , Belting Mattias , Pietras Alexander , Martin Myriam , Blom Anna M.
Published: January 2025

FH is expressed in human glioma and correlates with disease severity. FH is produced in human lower-grade glioma (A) and GBM (B). C, FH expression correlates with decreased overall survival (C) and disease-free survival (D) of patients with glioma. Expression of FH correlates with primary therapy outcome (E), cancer type (F), neoplasm histological grade (G), new neoplasm event post-initial therapy (H), and IDH1 mutation rate (I). The worse survival rendered by FH is ICOS-dependent (J) but not dependent on ICOSL (K). The survival estimates and correlation with other clinical parameters based on mRNA and survival data of n = 509 (C, J, and K), n = 472 (D) patients from TCGA provisional dataset brain lower-grade glioma, analyzed with cBioPortal. Statistical tests: logrank test (C, D, J, and K), χ2 test (E–I). Representative picture of n = 2 (A), n = 3 patients (B).
Figure 3 from Complement Factor H Is an ICOS Ligand Modulating Tregs in the Glioma Microenvironment
Authors: Smolag Karolina I. , Olszowka Jakub , Rosberg Rebecca , Johansson Elinn , Marinko Elisabet , Leandersson Karin , O’Connell David J. , Governa Valeria , Tuysuz Emre Can , Belting Mattias , Pietras Alexander , Martin Myriam , Blom Anna M.
Published: January 2025

FH enhances the immunosuppressive function of Tregs. A, FH increases the immunosuppressive effect of Tregs. Tregs were incubated in medium only or supplemented with 150 μg/mL FH. CD4+ T cells were isolated from the same donor and cocultured with Tregs in the presence of CD2/CD3/CD28 MACSiBeads and 3H-thymidine. Secretion of IL10 (B and D) and TGFβ (C) by Tregs incubated in medium only, 150 μg/mL α1-AT, FH, or dFH. Cells were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 microbeads in the presence of IL2, and secreted cytokines were measured by ELISA after 48 hours (B) or 72 hours (C). D, Frequency of IL10-producing Tregs, either unstimulated, or stimulated for 16 hours with TransAct, TransAct + FH, TransAct + dFH, or TransAct + SEA, relative to ICOS expression, was assessed with IL10 catch. Data are means ± SD of n = 7 (A), n = 6 (B), n = 4 (C) independent experiments; representative plots of n = 5 (D) independent experiments. Statistical tests: two-way ANOVA (A) and one-way ANOVA (B and C) with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001. AF, Alexa Fluor; CPM, count per minute; CTRL, control; ns, nonsignificant; SEA, staphylococcal enterotoxin A; Tresp, responder CD4+ T cells.
Supplemental Figure 2. from Alternate MHC I Antigen Presentation Pathways Allow CD8+ T-cell Recognition and Killing of Cancer Cells in the Absence of β2M or TAP
Authors: Cruz Freidrich M. , Orellano Laura A. A. , Chan Amanda , Rock Kenneth L.
Published: January 2025

Supplemental Figure 2: β2m and Tap1 KO DC2.4 cells expressing Ova activate memory OT-I-Nur77GFP cells.
Table S3 from A Phase I Trial of Trebananib, an Angiopoietin 1 and 2 Neutralizing Peptibody, Combined with Pembrolizumab in Patients with Advanced Ovarian and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Huffman Brandon M. , Rahma Osama E. , Tyan Kevin , Li Yvonne Y. , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Schlechter Benjamin L. , Bockorny Bruno , Manos Michael P. , Cherniack Andrew D. , Baginska Joanna , Mariño-Enríquez Adrián , Kao Katrina Z. , Maloney Anna K. , Ferro Allison , Kelland Sarah , Ng Kimmie , Singh Harshabad , Welsh Emma L. , Pfaff Kathleen L. , Giannakis Marios , Rodig Scott J. , Hodi F. Stephen , Cleary James M.
Published: January 2025

Table S3
Figure S5 from CD49a Targeting Enhances NK Cell Function and Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Yangyang , Zhang Zhengfeng , Zheng Xiaodong , Peng Hui , Tian Zhigang , Sun Rui , Sun Haoyu
Published: January 2025

CD49a deficiency in NK cells does not affect NK cells maturation.