bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Derivation of Land Surface Albedo at High Resolution by Combining HJ-1A/B Reflectance Observations with MODIS BRDF Products
Authors: Gao Bo , Jia Li , Wang Tianxing
Published: September 2014

Land surface albedo is an essential parameter for monitoring global/regional climate and land surface energy balance. Although many studies have been conducted on global or regional land surface albedo using various remote sensing data over the past few decades, land surface albedo product with a high spatio–temporal resolution is currently very scarce. This paper proposes a method for deriving land surface albedo with a high spatio–temporal resolution (space: 30 m and time: 2–4 days). The proposed method works by combining the land surface reflectance data at 30 m spatial resolution obtained from the charge-coupled devices in the Huanjing-1A and -1B (HJ-1A/B) satellites with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) parameters product (MCD43A1), which is at a spatial resolution of 500 m. First, the land surface BRDF parameters for HJ-1A/B land surface reflectance with a spatial–temporal resolutions of 30 m and 2–4 day are calculated on the basis of the prior knowledge from the MODIS BRDF product; then, the calculated high resolution BRDF parameters are integrated over the illuminating/viewing hemisphere to produce the white- and black-sky albedos at 30 m resolution. These results form the basis for the final land surface albedo derivation by accounting for the proportion of direct and diffuse solar radiation arriving at the ground. The albedo retrieved by this novel method is compared with MODIS land surface albedo products, as well as with ground measurements. The results show that the derived land surface albedo during the growing season of 2012 generally achieved a mean absolute accuracy of ±0.044, and a root mean square error of 0.039, confirming the effectiveness of the newly proposed method.
MIROS: A Hybrid Real-Time Energy-Efficient Operating System for the Resource-Constrained Wireless Sensor Nodes
Authors: Liu Xing , Hou Kun , De Vaulx Christophe , Shi Hongling , Gholami Khalid
Published: September 2014

Operating system (OS) technology is significant for the proliferation of the wireless sensor network (WSN). With an outstanding OS; the constrained WSN resources (processor; memory and energy) can be utilized efficiently. Moreover; the user application development can be served soundly. In this article; a new hybrid; real-time; memory-efficient; energy-efficient; user-friendly and fault-tolerant WSN OS MIROS is designed and implemented. MIROS implements the hybrid scheduler and the dynamic memory allocator. Real-time scheduling can thus be achieved with low memory consumption. In addition; it implements a mid-layer software EMIDE (Efficient Mid-layer Software for User-Friendly Application Development Environment) to decouple the WSN application from the low-level system. The application programming process can consequently be simplified and the application reprogramming performance improved. Moreover; it combines both the software and the multi-core hardware techniques to conserve the energy resources; improve the node reliability; as well as achieve a new debugging method. To evaluate the performance of MIROS; it is compared with the other WSN OSes (TinyOS; Contiki; SOS; openWSN and mantisOS) from different OS concerns. The final evaluation results prove that MIROS is suitable to be used even on the tight resource-constrained WSN nodes. It can support the real-time WSN applications. Furthermore; it is energy efficient; user friendly and fault tolerant.
Exploring and Explaining Complex Allometric Relationships: A Case Study on Amniote Testes Mass Allometry
Authors: MacLeod Colin
Published: September 2014

While many allometric relationships are relatively simple and linear (when both variables are log transformed), others are much more complex. This paper explores an example of a complex allometric relationship, that of testes mass allometry in amniotes, by breaking it down into linear components and using this exploration to help explain why this complexity exists. These linear components are two size-independent ones and a size-dependent one, and it is the variations in the interactions between them across different body mass ranges that create the complexity in the overall allometric relationship. While the size-independent limits do not vary between amniote groupings, the slope and the intercept of the size-dependent component does, and it is this that explains why some amniote groups conform to allometric relationships with apparently very different forms. Thus, breaking this complex allometric relationship down into linear components allows its complexity to be explored and explained, and similar processes may prove useful for investigating other complex allometric relationships. In addition, by identifying size-independent upper and lower limits to the proportional investment in specific structures, it allows the prediction of when allometric relationships will remain simple and linear; and when they are likely to develop higher levels of complexity.
Fumonisins in Conventional and Transgenic, Insect-Resistant Maize Intended for Fuel Ethanol Production: Implications for Fermentation Efficiency and DDGS Co-Product Quality
Authors: Bowers Erin , Munkvold Gary
Published: September 2014

Mycotoxins in maize grain intended for ethanol production are enriched in co-product dried distiller’s grains and solubles (DDGS) and may be detrimental to yeast in fermentation. This study was conducted to examine the magnitude of fumonisin enrichment in DDGS and to analyze the impacts of insect injury, Fusarium ear rot severity, and fumonisin contamination on final ethanol yield. Samples of naturally-contaminated grain (0 to 35 mg/kg fumonisins) from field trials conducted in 2008–2011 were fermented and DDGS collected and analyzed for fumonisin content. Ethanol yield (determined gravimetrically) was unaffected by fumonisins in the range occurring in this study, and was not correlated with insect injury or Fusarium ear rot severity. Ethanol production was unaffected in fumonisin B1-spiked grain with concentrations from 0 to 37 mg/kg. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize often has reduced fumonisins due to its protection from insect injury and subsequent fungal infection. DDGS derived from Bt and non-Bt maize averaged 2.04 mg/kg and 8.25 mg/kg fumonisins, respectively. Fumonisins were enriched by 3.0× for 50 out of 57 hybrid × insect infestation treatment combinations; those seven that differed were <3.0 (1.56 to 2.56×). This study supports the industry assumption of three-fold fumonisin enrichment in DDGS, with measurements traceable to individual samples. Under significant insect pest pressures, DDGS derived from Bt maize hybrids were consistently lower in fumonisins than DDGS derived from non-Bt hybrids.
MODELLING A PASSENGER CAR SYSTEM BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY IN VILNIUS CITY
Authors: Grigonis Vytautas , Burinskienė Marija , Paliulis Gražvydas , Ušpalytė-Vitkūnienė Rasa , Dumbliauskas Vytautas , Barauskas Andrius
Published: September 2014

The growing rate of motorization and the use of passenger cars have a worsening effect on traffic conditions in the streets of Vilnius City. Moreover, adverse urbanisation processes (i.e. migration to suburban areas) make a huge effect on the behaviour of travelling. A deeper analysis of these processes requires large data amounts and techniques for analysing transportation. The study is aimed at preparing and assessing the scenarios of developing passenger car transport through the prism of sustainability indicators. A plan for case study-based hypothetical mobility management explores a series of future scenarios improving transportation diversity and changes in modes for travellers. These scenarios are developed with respect to developments anticipated in the Master Plan of the City of Vilnius and aims at identifying the effect of a new public transport network on the motorized transport system during the morning peak in the hypothetical year 2025. Mobility management through transportation diversity increases travelling options, encourages travellers to choose the most efficient mode and tends to eliminate car dependency that otherwise occurs in urban areas. The development of a public transport route network in Vilnius City creates real preconditions for implementing a sustainable transport system thus giving a priority to the development of a new and fast transport mode. The planned routes of the new transport mode allows significantly reducing the necessity for the use of private motorized transport and influencing the total structure of travels thus making it possible for a large number of people to reach destination by public transport.
TRAVEL DEMAND MANAGEMENT: SHORT REVIEW OF THE SPECIAL ISSUE
Authors: Ge Ying-En , Tang Chunyan , Prentkovskis Olegas , Saleh Wafaa , Junevičius Raimundas , Bell Michael G. H.
Published: September 2014

"Travel demand management: short review of the special issue" Transport, 29(3), pp. 233-234
Análisis plástico y Ensayos de Losas multidireccionales de HRFA
Authors: Maturana A. , Canales J. , Orbe A. , Cuadrado J.
Published: September 2014

En este trabajo se realiza un estudio teórico- experimental de losas multidireccionales de hormigón reforzado con fibras de acero (HRFA). El estudio se enmarca en una aplicación de un edificio real usando HRFA en los forjados. Para la evaluación de la capacidad resistente de las losas, se realizan cálculos plásticos, tanto a nivel de sección como de estructura. A nivel de sección se emplea el diagrama tensión-deformación plástico perfecto, tomando como referencia los valores de las características resistentes del HRFA aportados en trabajos anteriores que emplearon fibras y dosificaciones similares. A nivel de estructura se emplea el método plástico de las líneas de rotura, que relaciona el momento último de la sección la carga de colapso plástico. La campaña experimental, consiste en ensayar seis prototipos en forma de loseta circular de 2 m de diámetro, verificando el valor de la resistencia de referencia empleada en los cálculos.
Puentes, sociedad e ingeniería
Authors: Plasencia-Lozano P.
Published: September 2014

El presente texto reflexiona sobre el desapego de la sociedad hacia la estética de las obras civiles ubicadas en el territorio. Tomando los puentes como ejemplo, se analiza la visión que de ellos tienen los propios ingenieros; a continuación se relacionan los principales parámetros que rigen su concepción y se evalúa la importancia de la componente paisajística del proyecto, advirtiéndose una divergencia de opiniones entre unos autores y otros. La existencia de cuatro vías de aproximación social hacia el elemento constructivo «puente» -descritas asimismo en el texto- demuestran tanto la fuerte presencia de éste en la cultura como su potencia en tanto que elemento paisajístico. El último apartado del texto sintetiza las conclusiones resultantes de la reflexión.
Dynamically Reconfigurable Architectures
Authors: Rychly Marek
Published: September 2014

Dynamic aspects of behavior of software systems in dynamically reconfigurable runtime architectures can result in significant architectural violations during runtime. In such cases, a system's architecture evolves during the runtime according to the actual state of the system's environment, and consequently, runtime reconfigurations may eventually lead to incorrect architecture configurations that were not considered during the system's design phases. These architectural violations are known as architectural erosion or architectural drift, and they contribute to an increasing brittleness of the system, or a lack of its coherence and clarity of its form. This chapter describes and compares possible measures to prevent architectural violations in dynamic service and component models. The aim of this chapter is to evaluate the applicability of those measures in combination with advanced features of reconfigurable runtime architectures such as ad hoc reconfiguration, service or component mobility, composition hierarchy preservation, and architectural aspects.
Dynamic Mashup of Media-Centric Services
Authors: Han Sang Woo , Kim JongWon
Published: September 2014

The architectural inflexibility of legacy multimedia systems makes it very difficult to reform them by reusing existing components. To create reusable multimedia applications, the service composition mechanism should be accommodated to automate the overall composition process that assembles distributed component services into an adaptive composite service. The massive and timely delivery of multimedia contents is gradually integrating itself with dynamic composition of media-centric services. By doing so, new customized media-centric services will be created with agility to meet the diverse requirements of end users. In this chapter, the authors propose a practical coordinated approach to composing adaptive media-centric services with programmable and virtualized resources to facilitate the flexible creation and consumption of dynamic mashup of media contents. More specifically, they describe a conceptual model for dynamic composition of media-centric services and propose a workflow-style coordination process for service composition and a useful software tool to support easy experimentation. The implemented software tool is validated according to targeted experimental scenarios in a realistic testbed that supports both computing and networking resources.
Integrating Compliance Management in Service-Driven Computing
Authors: Kokash Natallia
Published: September 2014

The lack of effective controls over organizational business processes can cause serious consequences for a company's reputation and even jeopardize its existence. There is a need for continuous monitoring of controls and systematic collection and evaluation of relevant data. Compliance management is essential for ensuring that organizational business processes and supporting information system are in compliance with laws, regulations, and various legislative or technical documents pertaining to the place of business. The focus of this chapter is to provide an insight into compliance management and discuss the integration and automation of compliance management in service-driven computing. The chapter elaborates conceptual models for specifying compliance requirements originating from various sources and details aspects such as multi-view process modeling annotated with compliance requirements, annotation of service interfaces and behavioral characteristics, development and reuse of compliant process fragments, architectural patterns to simplify compliance management, and abstract frameworks to ensure compliance in the context of service-driven computing through service adaptation and runtime governance. Finally, approaches to automating compliance management through formalization of compliance requirements, rule- and event-based monitoring, and integration of compliance governance systems with automated reasoning and verification tools are detailed.
Admission Control in the Cloud
Authors: Vazquez-Poletti Jose Luis , Moreno-Vozmediano Rafael , Llorente Ignacio M.
Published: September 2014

Cloud computing is a paradigm that allows the flexible and on-demand provisioning of computing resources. For this reason, many institutions and enterprises have moved their data centers to the Cloud and, in particular, to public infrastructures. Unfortunately, an increase in the demand for Cloud results in resource shortages affecting both providers and consumers. With this factor in mind, Cloud service providers need Admission Control algorithms in order to make a good business decision on the types of requests to be fulfilled. Cloud providers have a desire to maximize the net income derived from provisioning the accepted service requests and minimize the impact of unprovisioned resources. This chapter introduces and compares Admission Control algorithms and proposes a service model that allows the definition of Service Level Agreements for the Cloud.
Reliability Modeling and Assessment for Open Source Cloud Software
Authors: Tamura Yoshinobu , Yamada Shigeru
Published: September 2014

Software development based on the Open Source Software (OSS) model is being increasingly accepted to stand up servers and applications. In particular, Cloud OSS is now attracting attention as the next generation of software products due to cost efficiencies and quick delivery. This chapter focuses on the software reliability modeling and assessment for Cloud computing infrastructure software, especially open source software, such as OpenStack and Eucalyptus. In this chapter, the authors introduce a new approach to the Jump diffusion process based on stochastic differential equations in order to consider the interesting aspect of the numbers of components and users in the reliability model. In addition, the authors consider the network traffic of the Cloud in the reliability modeling and integrate the reliability model with a threshold-based neural network approach that estimates network traffic. Actual software fault-count data are analyzed in order to show numerical examples of software reliability assessment. This chapter also illustrates how the proposed method of reliability analysis can assist in quality improvement in Cloud computing software.
The Benefits and Challenges of Mobile and Ubiquitous Technology in Education
Authors: Cardullo Victoria M. , Zygouris-Coe Vassiliki “Vicky” I. , Wilson Nance S.
Published: September 2014

Technology has evolved and continues to evolve at a rapid pace, allowing access to learning wherever and whenever students need, creating a ubiquitous learning environment. This rapid evolution of technology will require preparation of students for the 21st century, including post-secondary students, necessitating a fundamental and systematic change in how schools are organized for ubiquitous learning. For mobile learning technologies to truly facilitate student learning and prepare students for learning beyond the 21st century, a paradigm shift in teaching and learning is needed. Ubiquitous computing environments should be viewed through the lens of the learner and the learning environment in which all students have access to mobile learning devices anytime, anywhere, thus transcending the boundaries of the classroom. Integration of m-learning and ubiquitous technology in the K-20 classroom will require a new pedagogical framework for teaching and learning. At the heart of this framework is the classroom teacher: a teacher who is aware of the benefits and challenges of technology in education. This chapter explores the benefits and challenges of this technology in education.
Benefits and Challenges of Mobile Learning in Education
Authors: Vishwakarma Abha
Published: September 2014

Advances in technologies have changed the process of learning, not just in formal educational settings but continuing education as well. Mobile learning is a part of a new learning landscape and offers the opportunity for a spontaneous, personal, informal, and situated learning. With the use of mobile technology in education, online learning communities can incorporate students from different backgrounds with vastly diverse learning styles into an educational setting. This chapter analyses the opportunities mobile learning presents and the impact mobile devices have had on teaching and learning practices and the barriers and challenges to support competitive educational experiences.
Implications of Mobile Devices in a Bachelor of Education Program
Authors: Vaughan Norman , Lawrence Kimberley
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this chapter is to describe a study that investigated if and how mobile devices could be used to support the required program outcomes in a blended Bachelor or Education (B.Ed.) program. All students enrolled in an educational technology course during the Fall 2011 semester were provided with a ViewSonic Tablet. Through faculty interviews, student online surveys, and a post-course focus group, the study participants indicated that mobile devices could be useful for supporting future professional responsibilities (e.g., career-long learning, collaboration) and facilitating student learning but less effective for planning, assessment, and managing the classroom environment.
Quality Enhancement for Mobile Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Ossiannilsson Ebba
Published: September 2014

Students entering higher education today have grown up with the Internet and mobile devices. Thus, there is a need for universities to offer a greater mix of face-to-face and online learning possibilities, such as Open Educational Resources (OER) and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) that allow individuals to access education anywhere, anytime, and to have it personalized through apps. This chapter focuses on mobile learning (M-learning) in open learning educational arenas and contexts. The author defines M-learning and the usefulness of M-learning in education. Then some examples of mobile devices and principles of M-learning are given, and some design examples of M-learning are presented. Next, the advantages and the use of M-learning in education are discussed. As quality of e-learning and M-learning is a complex subject, this chapter focuses mainly on quality and a frame of reference to understand M-learning dimension concerns as course design, learning design, and media design and content. Consistent layout and design, clear organization, presentation of information, consistency, easy-to-use navigation, and aesthetically pleasing design and graphics are dimensions that also have to be taken into consideration. It is argued in this chapter that security, accessibility, interactivity, flexibility, personalization, and the devices and interfaces are the main quality dimensions. In the final section, challenges and conclusions are discussed.
Mobile Technologies
Authors: De Abreu Belinha S.
Published: September 2014

Mobile technologies are influencing a generation of students and educators like never before. Schools are considering and learning how the cell phone, the tablet, and iPads are going to change the way in which teaching and learning is happening in the classroom. This chapter seeks to understand the influence of mobile technologies on a worldwide spectrum while also acknowledging that the work of learning in an online socially networked society is ongoing and will continue to change with new technological innovations.
Producing High Quality CaCO3 by Phosphogypsum with New Ammonia-Base Carbonation Method
Authors: Ma Jun , Ma Li Ping , Zhang De Hua , Yan Bei , Zhou Long , Zi Ze Cheng
Published: September 2014

Phosphogypsum is a by-product of industrial phosphoric acid producing with wet method, a simple and efficient way to produce high quality CaCO3by phosphogysum is presented in this work. Calcium in the phosphogypsum converts into Ca (OH)2with the addition of NaOH, acid insoluble substances and metal ion which was also separated from calcium in phosphogypsum by HCl and NH3·H2O respectively. The purity and whiteness of CaCO3produced by the carbonization of purified CaCl2solution are 98% and 96%. The optimum mass ratio of phosphogypsum, NaOH and HCl was 25:12:35. Chemical characterization of the resultant CaCO3was performed by XRD, SEM, TG and chemical titration method, which indicate that this method is effective in producing spherical CaCO3at room temperature, moreover, the purity, whiteness and thermostability of calcium carbonate can meet most of application requirements for industrial CaCO3.
The Nonlinear Random Vibration of a Clamped Rectangular Thin Plate in Magnetic Field
Authors: Tu Jian Xin , Wang Zhi Ren , Zhu Han , Wang Ping
Published: September 2014

In this paper, the magneto-elastic nonlinear random vibration of a clamped rectangular thin plate in magnetic field is studied. According to the magneto-elastic theory of plates and shells and the theory of structural random vibration, the magneto-elastic nonlinear random vibration equation of a clamped rectangular thin plate in a magnetic field is derived. Then the nonlinear random vibration equation is transferred into the Ito differential equation, and the Ito differential equation is solved using FPK equation method. Thus the numerical characteristics of displacement response and velocity response of the rectangular thin plate are obtained. Finally, through a numerical example, the influences of magnetic field parameters on the numerical characteristics are discussed, and some methods which can be used to effectively control the random vibration responses of the plate are given.
Soft-Sensing Model of Deformation of Welded Steel Structure Based on FLS-SVM and its Application
Authors: Lei Ji Ping , Chen Jian Mei
Published: September 2014

To effectively achieve rapid and high-precision measurements of the deformation of steel welded structure, multiple sets of the actual experimental data of steel welded structure are used as the samples, the soft-sensing model of deformation of welded steel structure, which uses the welding current I, the welding voltage U, the welding speed v and the flow of gas qm as arguments, is established by fuzzy least squares support vector machine, and adaptive genetic algorithm is used to optimize the number of positive gasification rules c and the parameters of kernel function σ, training, testing and practical application results show, the optimization of 200 steps, the training relative error which become saturated is 2.43%, the testing relative error is less than 2.45%.
Design and Experimental Simulation Analysis of a Kind of Prestressed Cementing Drillable Anchor
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Li Ding , Wen Juan , Luo Kai Jia , Chen Zhi
Published: September 2014

Cementing anchor plays an important role in prestressed cementing technology of heavy oil thermal recovery. For there are many problems of other anchor: undrillable structure, not to be satisfied the requirements of continue drilling or deepening old well, the authors have designed a drillable anchor. By the way of using finite element analysis, them obtained that the initial angle 38-40° was the best angle for eating into the formation; verified the intensity of anchor-pin system. Through cycling test, them verified the reliability of the anchor; obtained the curves of flow coefficient and the press differential with different nozzle. The analysis and experimental results is very important in guiding significance to optimize the design of the anchor and prestressed cementing operation.
Design Research of Intake Compensation Device for Improving the Dynamic Performance of Diesel Engine in Plateau Environment
Authors: Zheng Kun Peng , Chen Yong He , Wei Zhen Biao
Published: September 2014

The impact of plateau environment on working performance of diesel engine is greater, it is important to explore the research of power restoration of diesel engine in plateau environment. In this paper, the numerical simulation model of a whole diesel engine with high-power is established based on the GT-POWER software, and the accuracy of the model is verified by the bench test. Based on this, the best intake air amount of compensation of the engine are calculated with different conditions in plateau environment, the compensation intake device with the idea which the high-pressure air of the vehicle storage is introduced into the engine to restore the power is proposed, and the relevant hardware and software are designed. Through real vehicle tests show that the compensation intake device can improve the dynamic performance of diesel engine effectively, which provide a basis for diesel engine design and improving the applicability of the existing diesel engine of vehicles in plateau environment.
Location of Partial Discharge Source Model Based on Transformer Single-Winding
Authors: Song Xiao Hui , Feng Xia , Guo Zhi Zhong , Di Jun Feng
Published: September 2014

This paper presents a new method to locate partial discharge source of transformer single-winding with the transformer single-winding model and Matlab software simulation. This transformer single-winding model is composed of 300m long wire, which is equivalent to the parameter model composed of only capacitors and inductors through the frequency characteristic analysis of transformer winding. In the process of simulation, the bushing and neutral point current of transformer winding are measured when partial discharge occurs in different position. Then we can get position factor related to the current mean and variance measured through calculation, analysis and deduction. Accordingly the position of partial discharge can be found by corresponding relation. This simulation indicates that this method is effective and practical.
Dynamic Simulation of Air Suspension with Auxiliary Chamber
Authors: Zheng Ming Jun , Zhang Xiao Lei , Wang Zhen
Published: September 2014

In this paper, a vehicle use air suspension with auxiliary chamber simulation model was established by the AMEsim pneumatic platform. The influences of the air spring inflation pressure, volume ratio of the main chamber and auxiliary chamber and orifice size on dynamic characteristics of the vertical air suspension were analyzed in detail. In order to verify the accuracy of the AMEsim simulation model, the AMEsim analysis results were compared with Simulink simulation results. The identical simulation results verify the reliability of AMEsim simulation. The study reveals that: the diversification of the volume ratio of the main chamber and auxiliary chamber, air spring inflation pressure and orifice size has different degrees influences on the dynamic characteristics of the air suspension with auxiliary chamber.
Acoustic Emission Study of Corrosion Fatigue Crack Propagation Mechanism Identification
Authors: Chang Hong
Published: September 2014

Acoustic emission signals were continuously monitored during corrosion fatigue crack propagation for X52 steel in 3.5% NaCl and AZ31 magnesium alloy in 0.1%NaCl solution. There are different microstructure and corrosion fatigue crack propagation mechanism for X52 steel and AZ31B magnesium alloy. Combined with the existing research results of LY12CZ and 7075-T6 aluminum alloys, the acoustic emission waveform parameter, the frequency centroid ratio, was tried to use as a criterion to distinguish the corrosion fatigue crack propagation mechanism for anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement. The results also show that the nature of the acoustic emission source determines the main characteristics of the signal parameters and waveforms, and little to do with the experimental material.
Motor Faults Detection Based on Vector Transformation and Amplitude Demodulation
Authors: Qin Guo Jun , Li Jun Yao , Chen Jian Mei , Hu Niao Qing
Published: September 2014

A method to analyze and detect the features of rotor and stator asymmetric faults for AC motor is put forward in this paper. After modeling the damaged asynchronous motor, stator’s three-phase current signals of the motor at normal status, as well as that with stator and rotor bar asymmetric faults, are simulated and analyzed qualitatively. In view of the shortcomings of Park’s vector transformation in the analyzing motor current signature, a method is put forward by combining it with signal amplitude demodulation. Based on this new method, the asymmetric features are expected to be extracted completely through the amplitude relative normalization and spectrum analysis. Finally, the availability of this method is verified by detecting and diagnosing the faults in actual AC motors.
Energy Consumption and Energy Saving Research Status of Air Compressor System
Authors: Tian Xiao Lin , Hu Shou Gen , Qin Hong Bo , Zhao Jun , Ran Ling Yuan
Published: September 2014

As the most widely used fourth energy, compressed air system has high operating costs. The research about energy consumption and energy optimization measures of compressed air system has become the new field to achieve energy saving among countries all over the world. In recent years, air compressor system researches in energy consumption, influence factors, energy saving technologies and energy efficiency evaluation have been carried out at home and abroad, and some achievements have been achieved. This paper summarizes energy consumption research status of air compressor system at home and abroad, and energy-saving technologies of compressed air in generation link, treatment link and gas link, and energy efficiency evaluation methods for of air compressor systems. Potentials and drawbacks of current researches are analyzed simultaneously. In the end energy-saving development directions of air compressor system are predicted.
The Research of the Non-Circular Contour Grinding Speed Optimization and NC Programming
Authors: Cao De Fang , Duan Jin Ni
Published: September 2014

In non-circular contour grinding process, a theoretical model of constant linear velocity grinding has been established based on the X-C Axis linkage motion principle of grinding machine. Based on this theoretical model, a numerical calculation model, which can be used for practical grinding process and can optimize and regulate the grinding speed, has be built by way of cubic spline fitting interpolation method. The calculated numerical result of this model can switch into NC code of some NC system. According to the motion principle of grinding machine, the geometry information of specific non-circle contour part and the real parameter of the grinding processing plan, the corresponding NC Programming function also has been modularized. An experiment has been done on the NC high speed camshaft grinding machine type of CNC8312A, and obtained the ideal processing effect.At the same time ,it also shows that the proposed method has strong practical feasibility and great practical value.
Analysis of Catalytic Degradation Reaction Mechanism on Gasoline Engine Three-Way Catalysts
Authors: Li Jun Ji
Published: September 2014

The control of automobile exhaust emission has become one of the most important technologies for a modern vehicles. Catalytic conversion technology of three-way catalytic converter in the outer purification system is very mature and stable, which has been the first choice of exhaust emission control technology in China. The organic combination of the purification systems outside and inside machine can fully improve the performance and the fuel economy of vehicles on the basis of low emission levels.
Design and Research on Automatic Control System Based on PLC
Authors: Zhai Qiong , Li Yan
Published: September 2014

With the development of computer technology, programmable logic controller (PLC) is becoming more powerful and more convenient to be used. However, if the working condition of PLC is too harsh, such as high temperature, humidity, vibration, strong shock and electromagnetic interference, it will directly affect the normal, safe and reliable operation of the whole automatic control system. And coupled with the ineffective peripheral circuit interference measures, it greatly reduced the reliability of the automatic control system and even leads to failure. Therefore, the design of industrial PLC automatic control system must give top priority to the reliability of the hardware and software aspects. This paper introduces the concept and existing research of PLC –based automatic control system, and discusses about the specific design studies from both hardware and software aspects.
The CFD Analysis of Internal Flow Field in Turbocharger Compressor
Authors: Liu Xiang Ling , Hu Liao Ping , Gong Jin Ke , E Jia Qiang
Published: September 2014

In this paper, the 3D flow analysis model of gasoline engine turbocharger compressor was built by using the software NUMECA. The flow fields of the vaneless diffuser and volute, such as airflow velocity field, temperature field, pressure field and the entropy field were simulated. The internal flow performance of the vaneless diffuser and volute were analyzed. The simulation results show that the field changes accord with the compressor characteristics, thus the vaneless diffuser and volute of the compressor design is reasonable. The approach of numerical simulation and flow field analysis by using CFD method can accurately predict the compressor performance. The research methods and conclusions provide theoretical and practical reference for the optimization design of the compressor.
Study on the Thermal Performance of VSC-HVDC Cooling Plate Using Staggered Micro-Groove
Authors: He Rong , Zhou Nai Jun , Dai Bin Bin
Published: September 2014

A cooling plate with staggered micro-groove structure was designed to replace traditional straight groove structure which cannot meet the VSC-HVDC cooling requirement. On the basis of reasonable physical and mathematical models, the thermal process was simulated based on Icepak, and experiments were designed to verify the reliability of the numerical simulation results. Results showed that the thermal resistance of experimental is 0.00538K/W and pressure drop is 1.03bar, which can meet the technical requirement; The differences of pressure drop and thermal resistance between simulation and test results are 9.4% and 7.4% respectively. It also provides an important method for the design and improvement of cooling plate in engineering application.
Inorganic Clay/Sodium Lignosulfonate Graft Acrylamide and Maleic Anhydride Adsorbent Composites
Authors: Yao Qing Xin , Liu Jun Xia , Tang Li Ping , Xie Jian Jun
Published: September 2014

Adsorbent composites comprising of inorganic clay/sodium lignosulfonate graft-polymerized with acrylamide and maleic anhydride were synthesized by free radical solution copolymerization. The synthesized copolymers presented high adsorption capacity when the monomer ratio of acrylamide to maleic anhydride was 3:2 and montmrillonite was introduced as inorganic clay. The equilibrium adsorption of Pb2+on these copolymers was well represented by Langmuir model which indicated that the Pb2+adsorption was a monolayer chemical adsorption. The calculated adsorption capacity of the copolymers could reach a maximum of 176.70 mg/g for Pb2+and 24.95 mg/g for Cu2+. In addition, these copolymers could selectively remove Pb2+from Pb2+/Cu2+binary solution and the maximum selective coefficient of Pb2+to Cu2+was 11.939.
Simulation and Analysis for a Heat Recycle System on the Sidewall of Aluminum Reduction Cells
Authors: Ming Yong , Guo Yong , Zhou Nai Jun
Published: September 2014

Aim at developing power generation technology using the waste heat of the cell sidewall, a heat recycle installation was designed and used for recycling heat of the sidewall of a 400kA aluminum reduction cell. A 3D slice finite element model of aluminum reduction cell was established by using ANSYS finite element analysis software, and the coupled thermo-electric simulation for a 400kA cell was analyzed under installing the exchanger or not. The simulation results show the average temperature of main heat dissipation area of the cell is significantly decreased after installing the exchanger, and the thickness of freeze would also increase 1.7cm, which benefits in decreasing the heat dissipation and protecting the lining of the cell.
Study on 3D Fine Structural Modeling of Typical Block in Sanan Oilfield, Daqing
Authors: Li Tao , Li Zian , Wang Jiang
Published: September 2014

Sanan oilfield has entered late stage of high water cut development. It urgently needs accurate prediction of remaining oil distribution. But previous studies on 3D structure were far could not meet the requirements of fine reservoir description. This paper applied RMS, a piece of excellent geological modeling software establishing the 3D fine structural model of typical block in Sanan oilfield on the bases of 3D fine seismic structural interpretation data. It included the 28 faults’ model, 11 horizons’ model and the structural model. And then measured and analyzed the faults elements data. Based on abundant geologic data, well data and seismic data of the block, this structural model reproduced the fine seismic interpretation results accurately. It was really fine enough to meet the requirements of the fine reservoir description. This research solved the problem that traditional modeling techniques could not handle complex cutting relationship of faults’ model. It laid a solid foundation for reservoir numerical simulation and remaining oil distribution prediction.
Characteristics of Deep Abnormal High Pressure and its Controlling on Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Zhanhua Sag
Authors: Shi Qiu Hua , Xia Bin , Wan Zhi Feng , Yuan Ya Juan
Published: September 2014

Study on abnormal pressure of sedimentary basin is of great significance. According to the ultrasonic time difference method and measured practical data, some sectional and planar pressure distribution of Zhanhua Sag are obtained while most belong to overpressure, and the pressure distribution and the formation mechanism of high pressure are also analyzed. It is showed that the pore fluid pressure of Es3 and the upper part of Es4 members are higher in Bonan subsag and Gubei subsag and the distribution of abnormal high pressure reached a maximum at the early Es3. The disequilibrium compaction, hydrocarbon generation and some clay mineral dehydration are suggested to contribute to the formation of normal high pressure, including the rapid deposition as one of the most key factor. The lower part of Es3 and Es4 themselves within the deep high pressure system, as good lithologic reservoirs, can transport oil to the upper formation by episodic release to form allochthonous atmospheric hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Bioceramic Scaffolds Manufacturing by Laser 3D Printing
Authors: Liu Fwu Hsing , Lin Wen Hsueng , Lee Ruey Tsung , Wang Hsiu Ping , Lee Liang Wang
Published: September 2014

In this work, a hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramic and a silica binder were used as the raw materials for manufacturing bioceramic bone scaffold after sintering by a laser beam in a home-made 3D Printing (3DP) machine. Results indicate that the bending strength of the scaffold can be improved after heat-treatment. While simultaneously increasing surface roughness conducive to osteoprogenitor cell adhesion. The processing parameters of a 90 mm/s laser scanning speed, 12 W of laser energy and 10 kHz of scanning frequency were used to fabricate a porous scaffold model, which possesses suitable biocompatibility and mechanical properties, allowing adhesion and proliferation of bone cells. Therefore, this process has great potential for manufacturing bone scaffolds.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy
Authors: Liu Sheng Dan , Dai Yun , Wu Yu Long , Chen Bin , Zhang Xin Ming
Published: September 2014

The microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy sheet were investigated by means of hardness and tensile tests, optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The hardness profile of the weld exhibits a W shape with the lowest value in the thermo-mechanically affected zone on the advancing side. The tensile strength and elongation of the weld are about 71% and 72% that of the base material. In the nugget zone, there are a number of fine recrystallized grains and dispersed precipitates at grain boundaries. In the thermo-mechanically affected zone, the grain size is not uniform and there are a number of precipitates at grain boundaries. In the heat affected zone, the grain structure is similar to the base material.
Through-Thickness Strain and Texture Gradients of Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloy Sheets Produced by Snake Rolling
Authors: Chen Liang , Tang Jian Guo , Liu Sheng Dan , Zhang Xin Ming , Li Xiang , Chen Bin , Deng Yun Lai
Published: September 2014

The evolution of through-thickness strain gradients during snake rolling (SR), which introduces an horizontal offset between upper and lower rolls, of Al-Mg-Si-Cu sheets was investigated with the inscribed lines in side including rolling and normal direction of sheets. The complete pole figures were used to investigate the influence of such rolling on texture evolution. The results revealed that the SR rolled sheet developed a continuous through-thickness shear strain gradients and shear textures. The surface in contact with the slower roll (the lower roll) developed the largest shear strain and the strongest shear texture. While for the conventional symmetric rolling (CR), the sheet developed a small shear strain gradient which is symmetrical about the centerline of the sheet with nearly negligible shear strain and texture at the center of the sheet.
Memory and Threshold Resistance Switching in Pb0.8La0.1Ca0.1Ti0.975/Zn0.99La0.01O Heterostructure
Authors: Zeng Bai Wen , Wang Sheng Shui , Wang Zi Ping , Tang Ming Hua , Xu Ding Lin
Published: September 2014

The heterostructural film combining ferroelectric layer Pb0.8La0.1Ca0.1Ti0.975O3(PLCT) with semiconductor layer Zn0.99La0.01O (ZLO) was deposited between Pt electrodes by chemical solution deposition (CSD) method. The Pt/PLCT/ZLO/Pt structure device exhibits either memory or threshold resistance switching (RS) by setting the compliance current (ICC) at room temperature. The memory RS with a large ON/OFF ratio (∼104) is triggered by a highICC, while the threshold RS appears by setting the compliance current to a relatively low value. The physical mechanisms for the memory and threshold RS are discussed and attributed to the formation of an oxygen vacancy conductive filament and the electrical field induced breakdown, respectively.
The Design of Automatic Test System for Units of Police Communications Equipments
Authors: Liu Qing , Wang Yong
Published: September 2014

Through the analysis of specific test requirements, this topic design the overall architecture of the automatic test system. In the hardware design, this topic mainly discusses the hardware circuit design of the interface adapter. In the software design, this topic mainly discusses the secondary package of instrument module driver, the application development of interface adapter driver and test software. Finally, this system have been applied in the field more than once. It turns out that this system is able to test the performance indicators of units of radio, and the test results are accurate, the test efficiency is also high.
Study on Wireless Mesh Network Technology Applied to the Monitoring and Control System for the Large-Scale Solar Power Station
Authors: Yao Hong Chun , Ye Rong Bo
Published: September 2014

According to the development status of large-scale PV power station, this paper expatiates the requirements of the monitoring and control system for the large-scale solar power station, and presents the method of wireless mesh network technology applied to the system. This paper analyses the architecture of the monitoring and control system, the technical characteristics of wireless mesh network and the communication band selection to present the system program design. The whole system is flexible and reliable, and will promote the efficiency of operation and maintenance of large-scale solar power station.
Gait Period Detection Based on Layered Coding of Depth Information
Authors: Zhang Hao Lin , Ben Xian Ye , Zhang Peng , Liu Tian Jiao
Published: September 2014

Gait period detection, serving as a preprocessor for gait recognition, is commonly studied in the recent past. In this paper, we proposed a novel gait period detection method for depth gait video stream. The method introduces the concept of layered coding for depth images which decreases computational complexity. Furthermore, the extreme value of the sum of layered codes for gait sequence is utilized to judge the period endpoint, which is in accord with the naked-eye observation. In addition, gait recognition experiments on the TUM GAID database are conducted with the description of gait features of one single detected period by the proposed scheme using tensor representation. The high recognition accuracy verifies the effectiveness of the proposed depth gait period detection method.