bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Metabolism of Firmicutes on the microstructure of anthracite under nitrogen source stimulation
Authors: Zheng Chunshan , Zhao Chengcai , Liu Bingjun , Xue Sheng , Yang Yang , Zhou Tianyao , Zhang Xun , Wang Junyu
Published: July 2024

Promoting the permeability of deep, low-permeability coal seams through biological means is currently a research hotspot for enhancing the efficiency of coalbed methane extraction. There are few reports in the literature on whether it is possible to promote the development of the microstructure of the coal matrix by the degradation and metabolism of certain groups of functional microorganisms under the stimulation of nitrogen sources. In this study, we selected anthracite coal from Sihe Mine for microbial anaerobic degradation culture experiments. The effects of adding functional microorganisms on the microstructure of anthracite coal under the stimulation of nitrogen source was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of samples before and after the cultivation and microcharacterization experiments of coal samples. The results showed that the peak amount of residual methane desorption from the coal during the biodegradation process in the experimental group reached 0.640 mL/g coal, and the cumulative amount of methane desorption in the whole period was as high as 1.318 mL/g coal. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing results indicated that the bacterial community structure had undergone significant succession after the biodegradation experiments, and that the Firmicutes represented by Bacillus(82.41% of the total) occupied the dominant niche. Metabolic pathway analysis based on KEGG database showed that the degradation of aromatic compounds by microorganisms appeared to be significantly enhanced by the addition of nitrogen sources. Alaso, the relative abundance of a number of key metabolic enzyme genes capable of catalyzing the introduction of oxygen-containing functional groups into the structure of the coal molecule and the de-cyclization reaction were increased. FTIR experiments revealed that biodegradation stimulated by nitrogen source reduced the aromaticity of coal by 59.62% and enhanced the hydroxyl functional group content by 1.822 times.Mercury pressure and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiments showed that the micropore pore volume of the treated coal decreased by 34.09%, and the macropore pore volume accounted for an increase of 168.28%, with an average pore size increment of 60.72 nm, and the adsorption level of the gases decreased by 46.1%. Therefore, the nitrogen source can stimulate Firmicutes on the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and increase the content of oxygen-containing functional groups, which might promote the development of pores in coal and make the difficult-to-desorption methane desorb rapidly.
Gain determination of new erbium - bismuth doped germanium silicate optic glass for double-band optical amplification
Authors: Mareš David , Jeřábek Vítězslav , Šmejcký Jiří , Vařák Petr , Lee San-Liang , Nekvindová Pavla
Published: July 2024

This research focuses on the gain measurement and modeling of optical silica-germanium glass doped by erbium and bismuth activators to implement a two-band planar optical amplification. Using two activators, bismuth active centers with germanium (BAC-Ge) expand the amplification of the near-infrared bandwidth up to 1650 nm, where the optical attenuation of telecommunication fibers is less than 0.3 dB/km. We described the amplification mechanism based on the luminescence spectral response of the activators. We determined the differential amplification gain of the fabricated active glasses using a pulse measurement method and the calculation of the authentic model using waveguide propagation equations. A single source with a wavelength of 1480 nm was used for pumping in both optical bands. The emission and absorption cross-section coefficients were determined from the luminescence spectrum of the glasses by the Füchtbauer-Ladenburg equation with a Gaussian approximation and McCumber's theory. The calculated differential gain values are in good agreement with the measurement results. Our research leads to the conclusion that BAC-Ge optical activity is conditioned by the location of Bi atoms in the germano-silicate glass matrix with high GeO2 content.
Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduces yield losses of irrigated and upland rice under alternate wetting and drying irrigation and low fertilizer inputs
Authors: Mbodj Daouda , Diedhiou Abdala Gamby , Manneh Baboucarr , Ndiaye Cheikh , Laplaze Laurent , Kane Aboubacry
Published: July 2024

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide host plants with water and nutrients. Here, we investigated the response of six rice varieties from two ecotypes (three irrigated and three rainfed upland varieties) to inoculation at five fertilizer levels, under continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation in field conditions in two consecutive years. For both irrigated and upland rice, the application of AWD irrigation and reduction in NPK fertilizer levels resulted in significant yield losses, with a greater magnitude for irrigated rice. Under AWD irrigation, inoculation with AMF reduced relative yield losses with a more pronounced effect at half recommended dose of fertilizer. Under CF, the yield losses related to reduction in NPK fertilizer levels were often fully offset by inoculation with AMF. On the other hand, irrigation regime, fertilizer level and ecotype were identified as significant sources of variation in mycorrhizal inoculation effect for many yield-related traits including, total biomass, tiller number, panicle number, fertility and maturity dates. Our results suggest that inoculation with AMF could be associated with AWD irrigation and/or low NPK inputs to contribute to mineral fertilizer and water saving in both irrigated and upland rice production systems.
A DFT Based Investigation of Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of Solid Polymer Electrolyte LiFSI Complexes
Authors: Agrahari Shweta , Singh Satya Pal , Gupta Abhishek Kumar
Published: July 2024

Computational tools for studying the atomic and molecular structures of complex systems are very useful. This work uses the first principle method to investigate the structural and optoelectronic properties of a polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based solid polymer electrolyte including lithium salt (LiFSI) as an ion-conducting species. DFT has been used for the analysis of electrolyte conducting properties. The electrical band gap of the polymer electrolyte (PEO)8-LiFSI system has been quantitatively examined by density of states (DOS) studies. From electronical analysis, it is verified that (PEO)8 exhibits insulator properties with a wide band gap of 6.2797 eV, whereas the bandgap of (PEO)8-LiFSI slightly drops to 6.0028 eV. These findings suggest that the current polymer electrolyte system (PEO)8-LiFSI could be a viable option for the electrolyte in next-generation energy storage devices.
Ovarian Adenocarcinoma metastasis to meningioma: a case report
Authors: Alkhabbaz Osaid , Mutlak Mohammad , Alhinidy Tarek , Fawaz Ahmed , Alolabi Hani , Assali Ahmad
Published: July 2024

Tumor-to-tumor metastasis, a rare phenomenon, refers to the spread of cancer from one tumor to another. Meningioma, a benign brain tumor, is the most common recipient site. Breast and lung cancers are the most frequent donor malignancies. We present a unique case of ovarian adenocarcinoma metastasis to a pre-existing meningioma.
Denoising Search doubles the number of metabolite and exposome annotations in human plasma using an Orbitrap Astral mass spectrometer
Authors: Fiehn Oliver , Kong Fanzhou , Shen Tong , Li Yuanyue , Bashar Amer , Bird Susan
Published: July 2024

Chemical exposures may impact human metabolism and contribute to the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Identifying these small metabolites involves matching experimental spectra to reference spectra in databases. However, environmental chemicals or physiologically active metabolites are usually present at low concentrations in human specimens. The presence of noise ions can significantly degrade spectral quality, leading to false negatives and reduced identification rates. In response to this challenge, the Spectral Denoising algorithm removes both chemical and electronic noise. Spectral Denoising outperformed alternative methods in benchmarking studies on 240 tested metabolites. It improved high confident compound identifications at an average 35-fold lower concentrations than previously achievable. Spectral Denoising proved highly robust against varying levels of both chemical and electronic noise even with >150-fold higher intensity of noise ions than true fragment ions. For human plasma samples of AD patients that were analyzed on the Orbitrap Astral mass spectrometer, Denoising Search detected 2.3-fold more annotated compounds compared to the Exploris 240 Orbitrap instrument, including drug metabolites, household and industrial chemicals, and pesticides. This combination of advanced instrumentation with a superior denoising algorithm opens the door for precision medicine in exposome research.
Valuing an Index of Sanitation Related Quality of Life (SanQoL-5) in urban Mozambique – a Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Katana Patrick V. , Banze Neiva , Manhiça Cremildo , Cubai Catildo , Viera Lucia , Fulai Edi , Cumming Oliver , Viegas Edna , Capitine Igor , Ross Ian
Published: July 2024

Objectives
1.5 billion people live without basic sanitation. A five-attribute index of sanitation-related quality of life (SanQoL-5) designed for economic evaluation has now been applied in six countries. After rescaling, scores range 0 (no sanitation capability) to 1 (full sanitation capability). To date, SanQoL-5 valuation has been via simple methods such as rank sum, not robust methods such as discrete choice experiment (DCE). We aimed to value the SanQoL-5 index using a DCE in urban Mozambique.
Methods
We enrolled 601 adults in the cities of Maputo and Dondo, sampling women and men equally alongside quotas for toilet type. The DCE task was a choice between two scenarios representing combinations of SanQoL-5 attribute levels (always, sometimes, never). Each respondent completed 10 tasks and a dominance test. We fitted a mixed logit model and rescaled coefficients to derive the index, with sub-group analysis by gender.
Results
The highest-valued attribute was disgust (“never feel disgusted while using the toilet”), with a SanQoL-5 index value of 0.25. The other attributes had similar values (ranging 0.18–0.19). People valued “sometimes” levels at around 60% of “never” levels. Mean SanQoL-5 by toilet type followed a gradient with Sustainable Development Goal 6 categories: “open defecation” 0.30, “unimproved” 0.45, “limited” 0.60 and “at least basic” 0.70.
Conclusions
This is the first DCE-based valuation of any index of sanitation-related quality of life, enabling the SanQoL-5 to be used in economic evaluation. Identifying sanitation service transitions associated with the greatest quality of life gains could inform more efficient resource allocation.
Valuing behavioural interventions for obesity reduction: A scoping review of economic models
Authors: McLaughlin Joanna , Sillero-Rejon Carlos , Moore Theresa HM , McLeod Hugh
Published: July 2024

Policymakers require health economic modelling to guide their decision-making over the choice of interventions for obesity. This scoping review was undertaken to report on the health economic models in use for estimating the value of behavioural interventions (individual or population level) for obesity reduction. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, EconLit and Web of Science) were searched for publications meeting inclusion criteria from January 2015 to May 2023. Seventy-three studies were included, using 44 health economic models between them. When considered against the expert recommendations for modelling of this type, only four models (9%) met all five key elements. The element most commonly unfulfilled was the use of a microsimulation modelling approach (41%, n = 18), followed by model validation (46%, n = 20). A majority of models met each of the other elements: use of a lifetime horizon (59%, n = 26), inclusion of key health events (66%, n = 29) and a risk equation approach to event simulation (71%, n = 31). In addition, under half of the studies considered health inequalities in their reporting. Continued proliferation of models with inadequate time horizons, breadth of obesity-related health conditions, and perspectives on costs and outcomes, risks underestimation of the benefits of longer-term interventions and impacts on health inequalities.
Titanite and allanite as a record of multistage co-mobility of Ti-REE-Nb-As during metamorphism in the Central Alps
Authors: Brugger Joël , Cuchet Stéphane , van der Burgt Ate , Crumbach Mischa , Etschmann Barbara , Xing Yanlu , Ram Rahul , Michaut Paul , Nebel Oliver , Raveggi Massimo , Maas Roland , Pearce Mark A. , Howard Daryl L.
Published: July 2024

The High Field Strength Elements (HFSE) Ti, Nb and rare earth elements (REE) are commonly regarded as immobile during hydrothermal activity and metamorphism, making them important tracers of geological processes. Here, we report a Ti-REE-Nb-As mineralisation recently discovered in quartz, feldspar, muscovite ± biotite, fluorapatite, hematite, epidote and dravite-schorl veins hosted in quartz ± feldspar ± muscovite ± biotite gneisses from the Monte Leone nappe (Switzerland/Italy). The veins formed during prograde metamorphism and were boudinaged and/or folded during peak metamorphism under lower amphibolite facies. The mineralisation consists of megacrysts (≫ 2 cm) of allanite-(Ce) and Nb-REE-rich titanite-(I). Titanite-(I) displays prominent primary oscillatory- and sector-zonings in Y+REE and Nb. Allanite-(Ce) and titanite are also present as metamorphic minerals disseminated in the host-rock. The vein-hosted megacrysts and their host rocks have identical Nd isotope systematics, indicating that the HFSE mineralisation results from small-scale remobilisation of host-rock components.

Localised, fluid-assisted dissolution of vein-hosted allanite-(Ce), epidote, and dravite-schorl during retrograde alpine deuteric alteration resulted in cavities lined with chlorite, muscovite, hematite, and diverse REE minerals. The same fluids caused titanite-(I) to break down into a porous assemblage of acicular niobian rutile with lamellae of crichtonite-group minerals and/or hematite and a suite of REE-Nb-Ti micro-minerals. A few titanite (titanite-II) crystals preserve an intermediate stage of the dissolution-reprecipitation process. Unlike titanite-(I), they display a patchwork-like micro-texture (100 μm-sized subgrains with inhomogeneous Nb concentrations); they host lamellae of crichtonite-group minerals within cleavage planes of the parent titanite, as well as secondary Y+Nb+REE oxides and calcite along subgrain boundaries. Calcite indicates that CO2-enriched fluids promoted the destabilisation of titanite-(I). Highly localised fluid flow accounts for the common occurrence of fresh and altered allanite-(Ce) and titanite in close proximity.

The HFSE-enriched veins reveal a complex history of mobility of minor elements (Ti, Nb, REE, As ± B, Be) together with major components (Si, Al, K, Na, Fe) from the host rock, resulting in their early (prograde) concentration within the veins, and their remobilisation upon the action of oxidised CO2-bearing fluids during retrograde metamorphism. In general, crystallisation of enriched phases during prograde metamorphism may be an important step in determining the fertility of a source rock for hydrothermal HFSE deposits.
Misunderstanding of Islam in Ayaan Hirsi Ali’s Speech Based on Islamic Perspective: A Semiotic Analysis
Authors: Sari Diana Eka , Siwi Aninda Aji
Published: July 2024

Islam is often misunderstood as a bad religion in the West. This prejudice increased rapidly after the terror act that brought down the WTC towers in New York by radical Muslims on September 11, 2001. This prejudice developed to give birth to Islamophobia which is still spreading in the West, including in speeches. One of the speeches containing misunderstandings and prejudice against Islam is Ayaan Hirsi Ali's speech Liberal Democracies in An Era of Jihad and Mass Migration which considers Islam to be a bad and radical religion. This research aims to refute misunderstandings of Islam in Ayaan Hirsi Ali's speech Liberal Democracies in An Era of Jihad and Mass Migration so that bad thoughts about Islam can change and the phenomenon of Islamophobia can be reduced. This research is a qualitative descriptive method using the semiotic theory of Ferdinand de Saussure and also Islamic perspective to refute Ayaan's misunderstandings about Islam in the analysis. The results of this research show several of Ayaan's misunderstandings about Islam which are contrary to the Islamic perspective, such as whatever the Prophet Muhammad did during his lifetime must also be done by his people in the present, the Prophet Muhammad was a cruel person, all Madaniyah verses like a war manual because it only contains war, Muslim men indoctrinated to be selfish, Muslim women restrained, Muslim men are selfish, Islamic law is bad for everyone, and Islamic law is a cult of death because it only contains massacres and sacrifice of life.
The Role of Leadership and Community Involvement in Sustainable Development
Authors: Syahchari Dicky Hida , Van Zanten Erik
Published: July 2024

Indonesia is an archipelagic nation that has a variety of difficulties when it comes to the delivery of products and services. There are a number of challenges experienced in the field of logistics in Indonesia, including poor transportation infrastructure in a number of different places. Sustainable development is a concept that aims to find a balance between people’s needs now and their ability to meet those needs in the future. The research aimed to identify and analyze the relationship between leadership and community involvement (also known as community participation or engagement) in sustainable development in the shipping industry. The research used the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) with a sample of 103 shipping companies to analyze data. The research results show that leadership positively and significantly impacts sustainable development, confirming the importance of the leader’s role in implementing sustainable practices in company operations. Meanwhile, community involvement  shows a positive but insignificant impact on sustainable development, indicating that the community needs to be reconsidered in the context of sustainable development in the shipping industry. The results also provide information for companies and leaders to strengthen sustainable development efforts by implementing more integrated policies focused on community involvement. Moreover, the research offers a chance to encourage cooperation between industrial actors and local populations. By harmonizing objectives, expectations, and actions, it is feasible to develop projects that strengthen sustainable practices within the ocean freight transportation business and promote the well-being of the communities it interacts with.
Shopping Products Online After the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Soelasih Yasintha , Sumani Sumani
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed consumer purchase behavior. The research observed consumer behavior in purchasing online products after the pandemic. It focused on attitudes, perceived behavior control, and financial and product risks. They influenced purchase decisions, resulting in customer satisfaction and repurchase intention in online shopping. The research applied a quantitative method. Data collection used online research. It managed to get 443 respondents. The study was conducted in Indonesia with respondents who had done online shopping. The hypothesis test was done using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Smart-PLS software. The research results show that H1, H1a, H1b, H2, H2a, H2b, H3, H3a, H3b, H5, H6, H6a, H6b, and H7 are accepted. Meanwhile, H4, H4a, and H4b are rejected. The hypothesis test results show an influence between attitudes, perceived behavior control, and financial risk on customer satisfaction and repurchase intention through purchase decisions both directly and indirectly. Meanwhile, product risk does not directly or indirectly influence customer satisfaction and repurchase intention through purchase decisions. In conclusion, financial risk is the most influential factor in purchase decisions. If the financial risk is low, customers’ purchase decisions will be high. The research contributes to consumer behavior, especially regarding online shopping. Consumers purchasing online products pay attention to the processes of clarity, assurance, security, comfort, and trust.
The Effect of Green Attribute on Green Trust: A Self-Congruence Theory
Authors: Mastarida Friska , Setiawati Rini
Published: July 2024

The concept underpinning the research is that a brand’s or product’s extent in personal identity and reflected values can affect consumers’ acceptance of green products. The research explored self-congruence theories to investigate the greater depth of the attributes of green products that boost green trust. In this investigation, survey methods were combined with a quantitative method. Using a purposive sample procedure, 200 respondents who consumed drinking water products under the names of Ades, Aqua, Le Minerale, Nestle, and Vit were selected for participation in the research and provided feedback. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was conducted utilizing SmartPLS 3.0. The research findings show that green packaging and advertising do not affect green trust. Meanwhile, green packaging significantly raises green satisfaction and consequently expands green trust. The research contributes to the body of knowledge on self-congruence with a brand or product by exploring symphony and synergy, which show that both positive feelings connected with self-congruence may foster customer happiness and strong brand loyalty. Representing, enforcing, and strengthening the genuine self-concept is the essential role of the self-element. Furthermore, these findings can also provide insight for future researchers, especially regarding the importance of self-congruity values ​​in strengthening brand loyalty.
Beyond Batik Lasem: Utilizing Instagram for MSMES’ Growth Opportunity and Challenges
Authors: Nursanti Tinjung Desy , Steelyana Evy , WawoRuntu Ine
Published: July 2024

The research explored the distinctive attributes and unique impact of Lasem’s online batik shops on the development, cultural preservation, and women’s empowerment of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Employing a descriptive qualitative method, the researchers integrated theories of women’s empowerment, local economic development, and cultural preservation to analyze data. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document studies. Meanwhile, thematic analysis was conducted, involving data coding, categorization, and interpretation. The findings indicate that Lasem’s online shops, which hold daily, weekly, or spontaneous Instagram live sales sessions, significantly influence these areas. These shops highlight the town’s cultural heritage and leverage its Internet infrastructure. The research reveals substantial employment of women of all ages in Lasem’s online batik sector, emphasizing platforms that teach skills and promote economic independence. Live sales attract foreign clients, enhancing Lasem’s global reputation and promoting tourism and cultural preservation despite its remote location. Results show that the Instagram live sales environment is modest but growing, with most online shops offering frequencies. Social media participation by women significantly boosts financial independence and skill development. Live sales events also draw international buyers, and online marketing promotes Lasem’s culture. The research supports several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Decent Work and Economic Growth (SDG 8) through skill development and income generation for women; Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure (SDG 9) through digital marketing for cultural preservation and tourism; and Sustainable Consumption and Production (SDG 12) through quality packaging and ethical consumption. These efforts enhance economic empowerment, cultural sustainability, and responsible consumerism.
Reduction-Responsive Polyprodrug Nanoplatform Based on Curcumin for
Tumor-Targeted Therapy
Authors: Zhang Ziyi , Tian Jinyuan , Xu Xiaoqing , Shi Wei , Qi Yajuan , Liu Zhanjun
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Polymer prodrug nanoparticles have become an emerging drug delivery
system in cancer therapy due to their high drug loading. However, their poor drug release and lack of
tumor cell targeting limit their clinical application.

Objective:

This study aimed to prepare targeted and reduction-reactive polyprodrug nanocarriers
based on curcumin (CUR) for co-delivery of doxorubicin (DOX), labeled as DOX/HAPCS NPs, and
to investigate their anticancer activity.

Methods:

The polymer was synthesized and characterized by chemical method. The drug loading
and drug release behavior of DOX and CUR in polymer nanoparticles were determined. Moreover,
the antitumor effects of polymer nanoparticles were evaluated using an MTT experiment and tumor
inhibition experiment, and the synergistic effect of co-delivered DOX and CUR was explored.

Results:

The particle size of DOX/HAPCS NPs was 152.5nm, and the potential was about -26.74
mV. The drug-carrying capacity of DOX and CUR was about 7.56% and 34.75%, respectively, indicating high drug-carrying capacity and good stability. DOX and CUR released over 90% within 24
hours in the tumor environment. Compared with free DOX, DOX/HAPCS NPs demonstrated significantly enhanced cell and tumor inhibitory effects (P<0.05) in vivo and in vitro and changed drug
distribution to avoid toxic side effects on normal tissues. The combined index showed that DOX and
CUR showed synergistic anticancer effects at a set ratio.

Conclusion:

The prepared reduction-responsive targeted polymer nanomedical DOX/HAPCS NPs
exhibited a synergistic anti-cancer effect, with high drug loading capacity and the ability to release
drugs in proportion, making it a promising polymer nanoparticle drug delivery system.
Narasi Counter-Stereotype Etnis Batak dalam Film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap (2022)
Authors: Trianingsih Defi , Akalili Awanis
Published: July 2024

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana narasi counter-stereotype direpresentasikan dalam film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan analisis isi berupa analisis wacana kritis Norman Fairclough. Penelitian ini berfokus analisis pada level teks yang dihadirkan dalam film. Analisis pada level praktik wacana dan praktik sosial budaya dilakukan untuk menganalisis secara kritis alasan narasi counter- stereotype dihadirkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat sebelas scene yang menunjukan adanya counter-stereotype etnis Batak dalam film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap yang terbagi dalam beberapa kategori, yakni counter-stereotype pekerjaan etnis Batak dalam bidang hukum, counter-stereotype pernikahan etnis Batak, counter-stereotype sifat keras kepala etnis Batak, counter-stereotype sifat keras kepala etnis Batak, counter-stereotype perempuan etnis Batak, dan counter-stereotype anak laki-laki terakhir etnis Batak. Selain itu, pemilihan narasi yang dihadirkan dalam film dilatar belakangi oleh kehidupan pribadi pembuat film serta keresahan khalayak.Kata kunci : Counter-stereotype, Representasi, Etnis Batak, Wacana Kritis AbstractThis study aims to find out how counter-stereotype narratives of Batak ethnic are represented in Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap movie. This study uses a qualitative method with content analysis of Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis. This research focuses on analysis at level of text presented in film. Analysis at level of discourse practice and socio-cultural practice are carried out to critically analyse the reasons why counter-stereotype narratives are presented. The results of the study show that there are eleven scenes which show counter- stereotypes of Batak ethnic in Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap movie which are divided into several categories, namely counter-stereotypes of Batak ethnic work in the legal field, counter- stereotypes of Batak ethnic marriages, counter-stereotype of the Batak ethnic stubbornness, counter-stereotype of the Batak ethnic stubbornness, counter-stereotype of women from Batak ethnicity, and counter-stereotype of the last son from Batak ethnicity. In addition, the narrative selection presented in film is motivated by filmmaker’s personal life and the audience’s concerns.Keywords: Counter-stereotype, Representation, Batak ethnic, Critical Discourse
The experimental study of the image of russian color term white in the consciousness of russian culture bearers
Authors: Таnygina Е. А.
Published: July 2024

The presented study of the image of the color designation white in the minds of the representatives of modern Russian culture is a continuation of the cycle of studies of the images of the main Russian color terms from the point of view of the psycholinguistic doctrine of the word by A.A. Zalevskaya.

The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that there are both individual and cultural components which influence the formation of the image of any phenomenon in the minds of the average bearer of a particular culture.

The main methods used in the experimental research were free associative experiment and semantic differential. Factor and definitional analyzes were used to process the results.

The material for the study was the associations obtained during free associative experiments in 2009 and 2020 as well as the results of an experiment using a semantic differential among students of Southwest State University. In order to identify a possible transformation of the image of white, the data of the Russian comparative associative dictionary by G.A. Cherkasova were analyzed.

The work shows the current structure of the associative field of the Russian color term white. It also analyzes the change in the structure of the described associative field during the period since the 1970s until now. In addition, the main gender characteristics of the perception of the color white are shown, typically female and male associations in the structure of the considered AP are highlighted.

The research methodology presented in the work can be successfully used in organizing various psycholinguistic and linguocultural studies. The results of the empirical research can find application not only in various branches of linguistics but also in psychology, neurophysiology, marketing and advertising.
Construction and Evaluation of a Modular Anthropomorphic Phantom of the Skull with an Exchangeable Specimen Jar to Optimize the Radiological Examination of Temporal Bone Pathology
Authors: Vestin Fredriksson Malin , Kull Love , Rönnblom Anton , Flygare Lennart , Berggren Diana , Tano Krister
Published: July 2024

To develop a modular anthropomorphic phantom to evaluate the performance of radiological techniques for detecting pathologies in the temporal bone region. A phantom was constructed using a human skull, temporal bone specimen, and 3D-printed contour of a human skull. The human skull was embedded in tissue-equivalent plastic, with a cavity to hold the plastic jars containing the exchangeable freshly frozen human temporal bones. Subsequently, stepwise introduction and examination of different clinicopathological scenarios were conducted. Radiological images were nearly identical to those acquired from patients using computed tomography (CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The radiological attenuation of polyurethane plastic (PUR) and alginate were similar to those of the soft tissues of living human patients. The mean Hounsfield unit values of the CT slices representing tissue at the brain and temporal bone level were 184 and 171 in the phantom and patient groups, respectively. The modular phantom developed in this study can evaluate radiological techniques and diagnostic possibilities without exposing patients to radiation. To our knowledge, no such modular phantom has been reported in the literature or made available commercially.
Racial Biases Associated With Pulse Oximetry: Longitudinal Social Network Analysis of Social Media Advocacy Impact
Authors: Ahmed Wasim , Hardey Mariann , Winters Bradford David , Sarwal Aarti
Published: July 2024

Background

Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method widely used in critical care and various clinical settings to monitor blood oxygen saturation. During the COVID-19 pandemic, its application for at-home oxygen saturation monitoring became prevalent. Further investigations found that pulse oximetry devices show decreased accuracy when used on individuals with darker skin tones. This study aimed to investigate the influence of X (previously known as Twitter) on the dissemination of information and the extent to which it raised health care sector awareness regarding racial disparities in pulse oximetry.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the impact of social media, specifically X, on increasing awareness of racial disparities in the accuracy of pulse oximetry and to map this analysis against the evolution of published literature on this topic.

Methods

We used social network analysis drawing upon Network Overview Discovery and Exploration for Excel Pro (NodeXL Pro; Social Media Research Foundation) to examine the impact of X conversations concerning pulse oximetry devices. Searches were conducted using the Twitter Academic Track application programming interface (as it was known then). These searches were performed each year (January to December) from 2012 to 2022 to cover 11 years with up to 52,052 users, generating 188,051 posts. We identified the nature of influencers in this field and monitored the temporal dissemination of information about social events and regulatory changes. Furthermore, our social media analysis was mapped against the evolution of published literature on this topic, which we located using PubMed.

Results

Conversations on X increased health care awareness of racial bias in pulse oximetry. They also facilitated the rapid dissemination of information, attaining a substantial audience within a compressed time frame, which may have impacted regulatory action announced concerning the investigation of racial biases in pulse oximetry. This increased awareness led to a surge in scientific research on the subject, highlighting a growing recognition of the necessity to understand and address these disparities in medical technology and its usage.

Conclusions

Social media platforms such as X enabled researchers, health experts, patients, and the public to rapidly share information, increasing awareness of potential racial bias. These platforms also helped connect individuals interested in these topics and facilitated discussions that spurred further research. Our research provides a basis for understanding the role of X and other social media platforms in spreading health-related information about potential biases in medical devices such as pulse oximeters.
Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication and Emotional Appeals in COVID-19 Public Health Messaging: Quantitative Content Analysis
Authors: Ho Shirley S , Chuah Agnes S F , Ho Vanessa S , Rosenthal Sonny , Kim Hye Kyung , Soh Shannon S H
Published: July 2024

Background

Although COVID-19 is no longer a global health emergency, it remains pervasive in Singapore, a city-state situated in Southeast Asia, with periodic waves of infection. In addition to disease management, strong communication strategies are critical in the government’s response to the pandemic to keep the public updated and equip them in protecting themselves.

Objective

Grounded in the crisis and emergency risk communication (CERC) framework and emotional appeals, this study aimed to analyze public health communication strategies in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Quantitative content analysis was conducted on 696 Facebook (Meta Platforms Inc) posts and 83 website articles published by Singapore-based public health institutions between January 2020 and September 2022.

Results

The results showed that increasing communication on message themes, such as inquisitive messaging and clarification, can enhance communication strategies. The use of emotional appeals also varies with time and should be carefully used as they are context-specific.

Conclusions

Theoretically, this study contributes to advancements in the CERC framework and concepts of emotional appeals by exploring the applications and changes of CERC message types and emotional appeals at different phases. The findings can provide practical guidance for authorities and communication practitioners in developing effective communication strategies.
Changes in the Frequency of Actions Associated With Mental Health During Online Treatment: Analysis of Demographic and Clinical Factors (Preprint)
Authors: Bisby Madelyne , Staples Lauren , Dear Blake , Titov Nickolai
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Specific daily actions (eg, goal setting, meaningful activities) are associated with mental health. Performing specific daily actions at a higher frequency is associated with significantly lower baseline symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as better psychological treatment outcomes for depression and anxiety.

OBJECTIVE

This study explored how the frequency of specific daily actions associated with mental health may differ prior to, during, and following treatment according to demographic and clinical characteristics.

METHODS

Using a sample of 448 patients from an Australian national digital psychology service, we examined baseline differences in daily action frequency and changes in daily action frequency during a digital psychological treatment according to demographic and clinical subgroups. A total of 5 specific types of daily actions were measured using the Things You Do Questionnaire: healthy thinking, meaningful activities, goals and plans, healthy habits, and social connections.

RESULTS

The frequency of daily actions differed according to employment status (largest P=.005) and educational level (largest P=.004). Daily action frequency was lower in those participants with more severe or chronic depression or anxiety symptoms (largest P=.004). Participants reported larger increases in how often they did these daily actions from baseline to midtreatment compared to mid- to posttreatment. Depression duration (P=.01) and severity (P<.001) were associated with differences in how daily action frequency changed during treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of this study support continued research exploring the relationship between daily actions and mental health, how this relationship might differ between individuals, and the clinical potential of supporting individuals to increase the frequency of daily actions to improve mental health.
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of disabling neurological diseases (literature review)
Authors: Nesterenko V.G. , Shevchenko A.S. , Zelenska K.O. , Hryhorov M.M.
Published: July 2024

Disabling neurological diseases are accompanied by disturbances in motor activity, sensitivity, cognitive impairment and chronic pain, often reduce the quality of life in its last years and months, cause death, and therefore they are proposed to be considered as palliative diseases. To determine the list of these diseases, we made a selection from the analytical report of the Global Burden of Disease Study for 1990–2010, published in the Lancet journal in 2012. Of 289 disabling diseases, based on the criteria of direct or frequent comorbid damage to the nervous system, the presence of chronic pain, cognitive decline and limitation of motor activity, which are the causes of a significant decrease in the quality of life and work capacity, we chose the following diseases and pathological conditions: malignant neoplasms, AIDS, severe injuries, strokes, demyelinating diseases, epilepsy, depression and suicide, musculoskeletal disorders (neck, lower back pain, arthritis), tension headache, migraine, loss of vision and hearing, dementia of adults, severe and profound mental retardation of children, children’s cerebral palsy, congenital malformations. We studied the trend of increasing or decreasing the burden of selected diseases depending on the number of years lived with disability and analyzed the interpretation of these trends according to literary sources. Special attention in the review was paid to disabling neurological diseases, which are unjustifiably not considered in the health care systems of most countries as palliative: epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and dementia. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of these diseases were also studied by the bibliosemantic method. The search for literature sources for the review was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar. It is concluded that the treatment of patients with disabling neurological diseases as palliative patients, with appropriate organizational solutions in national health care systems, will help to improve the quality of life and reduce suffering of both patients and their family members.
Structural and functional changes in organs of the abdominal cavity in patients with Wilson’s disease
Authors: Voloshyn-Haponov I.K. , Chernenko I.I. , Voloshyna N.P.
Published: July 2024

The paper presents the results of the ultrasound diagnosis of 76 patients with neurological forms of hepatocerebral dystrophy, or Wilson’s disease (WD), who were examined and treated at the clinic of the Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. According to ultrasound diagnosis, all patients had pathological changes in the liver. In 58 % of patients, these changes corresponded to chronic hepatitis, in 42 % — to liver cirrhosis. 32 % of patients had evidence of portal hypertension. A Doppler test showed that background hepatic hemodynamics in patients with neurological forms of hepatocerebral dystrophy was within normal limits, but 82 % of patients had an impaired reciprocal autoregulation of liver microcirculation. It indicates a decrease in the compensatory and adaptive capabilities of the liver. This position is confirmed by the fact that 70 % of such patients have a decrease in the vasoactive function of the endothelium. In general, the indicator for the group was only 8.12 %, with a norm of 10 % or more. Despite the young average age of our patients (29.7 years), only 30 % of them had a normal vasoactive reaction. These were patients under the age of 25 with chronic hepatitis. The degree of endothelial dysfunction was significantly higher in patients with liver cirrhosis compared to those with chronic hepatitis. According to ultrasound elastography, most examined patients with WD (88 %) had increased stiffness of the liver parenchyma. On average, it was 10.62 kPa with a range from 4.74 to 20.69 kPa (norm 0.4–6.0 kPa). Thus, patients with neurological forms of WD who are observed by a neuropathologist should undergo an abdominal ultrasound before each course of treatment, but at least 1–2 times a year.
Strategi Organisasi Masyarakat Sipil Ukraina: Suksesi Proyek Combating Violence Against Women in Ukraine (COVAW) 2022
Authors: Hadidah Sallimi  , Muhammad Ali
Published: July 2024

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap strategi dari organisasi masyakarat sipil Ukraina pada proyek Combating Violence Against Women in Ukraine (COVAW) yang dijalankan bersama Dewan Uni Eropa. COVAW didirikan dengan tujuan utama untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat secara luas serta membentuk kerangka kerja legislatif Ukraina terhadap pencegahan kekerasan terhadap perempuan serta kekerasan domestik. Penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka teori Transnational Advocacy Networks,  untuk mengungkap strategi yang diupayakan oleh JurFem, La Strada-Ukraine, Centre of Women's Perspectives, Faith, Hope, Love yang bergerak sebagai organisasi masyakarat sipil asal Ukraina. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa library research serta menggunakan sumber data berupa data sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa melalui strategi advokasi yang digalakkan oleh organisasi masyakarat sipil Ukraina bersama Dewan Uni Eropa sukses dalam mendorong Pemerintahan Ukraina untuk meratifikasi Konvensi Istanbul serta meningkatkan awareness masyarakat luas atas isu kekerasan terhadap perempuan yang terjadi di Ukraina.
Kata kunci: Organisasi Masyarakat Sipil; Kekerasan Berbasis Gender; Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga; Konvensi Istanbul; Jaringan Advokasi Transnasional
Abstract
This study aims to explain the methods developed by Ukrainian civil society organizations on the Council of the European Union-funded Combating Violence Against Women in Ukraine (COVAW) project. COVAW was established with the primary purpose of promoting public awareness and establishing a legal framework in Ukraine for the prevention of violence against women and domestic abuse. Using the theoretical framework of Transnational Advocacy Networks, this study reveals the strategies employed by the Ukrainian civil society organization to the project. The method of research employed is qualitative, with data collection techniques consisting of library research and data sources consisting of secondary data. The findings of this research show that Ukrainian civil society organizations and the European Union Council were successful in persuading the Ukrainian government to ratify the Istanbul Convention and in raising public awareness of the issue of violence against women in Ukraine through a strategy of advocacy.
Key words: Civil Society Organizations; Gender Based Violence; Domestic Violence; Istanbul Convention; Transnational Advocacy Networks
AI-driven English Language Learning Program and Academic Writing Integrity in the Era of Intelligent Interface
Authors: PAN JIAOLAN
Published: July 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into English language learning programs offers significant opportunities and challenges in the current education and technology landscape. This study explores the intersection of AI-driven language learning platforms and the preservation of academic writing integrity within evolving intelligent interfaces.Initially, the study examines the functionalities of AI-driven language learning tools, emphasizing their ability to personalize learning experiences, provide immediate feedback, and optimize language acquisition processes. These platforms leverage machine learning algorithms to analyze learner data, enabling tailored content delivery and proficiency assessment.However, alongside these benefits, critical concerns arise regarding academic integrity, particularly concerning writing proficiency and originality. As AI tools enhance students' writing capabilities, the risk of plagiarism and ethical lapses escalates. The study investigates strategies for cultivating ethical writing practices amid the prevalence of AI-guided composition tools.Furthermore, the emergence of intelligent interfaces has broader implications for educational paradigms. Integrating AI into language learning necessitates a reevaluation of pedagogical methodologies to ensure a balanced approach that emphasizes skill development alongside ethical awareness.Drawing upon academic literature, case studies, and theoretical frameworks, this study analyzes the dual impact of AI on language learning and academic integrity. It underscores the necessity for collaboration among educators, policymakers, and technology developers to establish ethical guidelines and educational frameworks that leverage AI's potential while upholding academic rigor and integrity.This study advocates for a holistic approach to AI-driven language learning that emphasizes responsible technology implementation and fosters a culture of ethical writing practices alongside linguistic proficiency. By addressing these considerations, stakeholders can navigate the evolving educational landscape in the era of intelligent interfaces effectively and responsibly.