bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Few-Shot Learning Based on Metrics
Authors: Shen Yican
Published: August 2022

Deep learning has been rapidly developed and obtained great achievements with a dataintensive condition. However, sufficient datasets are not always available in practical application. In the absence of data, humans can still perform well in studying and recognizing new items while it becomes a hard task for the computer to learn and generate from a small dataset. Thus, researchers are increasingly interested in few-shot learning. The purpose of few-shot learning is to allow computers to carry out unknown tasks with a few examples. Recently, effective few-shot models have frequently been designed using transfer learning approaches, with the metric method being an important branch in transfer learning. This article reviews the metric methodologies for few-short learning, analyzing the development of the metric based few-shot learning in the following three categories: traditional metric methods, relation network based metric methods and graph based metric methods. Then it compares the effectiveness of those models on a representative dataset and illustrates the feature of each category. Finally, it discusses the potential future research fields.
Animal Image Classifier Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Yu Qinhan
Published: August 2022

In modern society, there are dogs and cats around people, as well as rare wild animals living in nature. The relationship between human beings and animals is getting closer and closer. The rapid development of machine learning and deep learning technology has been widely used in the academic field. Aiming at the problem of animal image classification, this paper uses Pytorch to learn about 10,000 pictures containing cats, dogs, and wild animals (tiger, lion, etc.) based on the research algorithm of convolutional neural network in the field of image classification. And a convolutional neural network model that can realize the animal image classifier is established and optimized, so that the model can efficiently classify cats, dogs and wildlife pictures. The results show that the accuracy of the two models is above 90%, and the model loss ranges from 0.706 to 0.061, and 0.807 to 0.051, respectively, showing the characteristics of good model fitting effect and strong optimization ability. Meanwhile, The accuracy of the model can be increased by properly increasing the number of full connection layers. Therefore, by constructing the convolutional neural network, the accurate detection of national ecological protection animal images can be realized.
Research on the Application of Deep Learning in Automatic Vehicle
Authors: Bai Jiarui
Published: August 2022

In recent years, various kinds of applications of artificial intelligence technology to the automatic driving vehicle were widely reported by the media, also aroused public interest. According to a survey by the Ministry of Public Security, there are more than 500 million motor vehicles in China in 2021 and more than 200 thousand traffic accidents occurred in 2021, which is a great challenge to traffic safety protection. Human reaction time, which consists of perception time and judgment time, is too long to take measures. Besides, human drivers may find it difficult to even make the right response in some complex road conditions. To improve this situation, the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) may transform the traditional passive safety that takes protective measures after accidents into active safety that focuses on prevention. Deep learning network receives information through the vehicle-loaded sensor then makes judgments by its computing unit and prompts drivers the possible danger. This article reviewed the performance of different deep learning models in autonomous driving vehicles.
Postoperative Mobilisierung und Belastung nach lumbalen Wirbelsäuleneingriffen
Authors: Bredow Jan , Oikonomidis Stavros , Eysel Peer
Published: August 2022

Die postoperative Mobilisierung, Belastung und physiotherapeutische Behandlung ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Therapie von lumbalen Pathologien. Insbesondere physiotherapeutische und rehabilitative Behandlungen werden für die Verbesserung der klinischen Ergebnisse nach lumbalen spinalen operativen Eingriffen durchgeführt. Mehrere Studien haben den Einfluss der postoperativen Behandlung nach lumbalen Wirbelsäuleneingriffen untersucht. Die postoperative Behandlung nach lumbalen Wirbelsäulenoperationen wird allerdings bis heute nicht einheitlich durchgeführt. Der Anfang der physiotherapeutischen Behandlung nach dem Eingriff, die Dauer, Form und Intensität der physiotherapeutischen Behandlungen variieren in der internationalen Literatur. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist Empfehlungen für die postoperative Behandlung von drei verschiedenen lumbalen spinalen Eingriffen (lumbale Bandscheibenoperation, lumbale stabilitätserhaltende Dekompressionsoperation und lumbale Fusionsoperation) in Bezug auf die Mobilisierung, Belastung und Rehabilitation anhand der aktuellen Studienlage und Erfahrung aus der eigenen Institution auszusprechen.
Postoperatives Drainage- und Wundmanagement nach Wirbelsäuleneingriffen
Authors: Scheyerer Max J , Lenz Maximilian , Egenolf Philipp , Pumberger Matthias , Schnake Klaus John , Bredow Jan , Eysel Peer
Published: August 2022

Chirurgische Eingriffe sind mittlerweile etablierte Behandlungsoptionen für eine Reihe von Pathologien der Wirbelsäulen. Vor allem in der in den letzten Jahrzehnten hat die Zahl der Operationen in diesem Bereich erheblich zugenommen und damit die Anzahl der möglichen perioperativen Komplikationen. Hämatome und Wundheilungsstörungen müssen in diesem Zusammenhang besonders hervorgehoben werden. Der effektivste Weg diese zu vermeiden liegt in der Primärprävention, wobei in diesem Zusammenhang auch die Wahl der postoperativen Wunddrainage und das Wundmanagement diskutiert werden müssen. Die derzeitige Literatur rechtfertigt den routinemäßigen Einsatz von Drainagen bei thorakolumbalen Wirbelsäuleneingriffen nicht und auch die Art des Wundmanagements scheint von untergeordneter Bedeutung zu sein. Hervorzuheben ist lediglich, dass ein ausreichend feuchtes Milieu vorhanden ist. Ebenso sollten frühe und zu häufige Verbandswechsel vermieden werden, um eine Kontamination zu vermeiden. Weitere wichtige Punkte im Zusammenhang mit der Vermeidung postoperativer Wundkomplikationen ist der adäquate chirurgischer Wundverschluss, die schnelle Mobilisierung sowie die korrekte Lagerung des Patienten.
Postoperatives Komplikationsmanagement nach Wirbelsäuleneingriffen: das postoperative Delir
Authors: Sircar Krishnan , Eysel Peer , Bredow Jan
Published: August 2022

Das postoperative Delir nach wirbelsäulenchirurgischen Eingriffen stellt eine häufige und schwerwiegende Komplikation dar. Die genaue Kenntnis von Risikofaktoren - wie z.B. ein vorangegangenes Delir, kognitive Einschränkungen, Einnahme delirogener Medikamente und Alkoholismus – hilft, Risikopatienten präoperativ zu identifizieren. Präventionsstrategien schließen nehmen der Prähabilitation (in erster Linie Verbesserung des Ernährungszustandes), das Ab- bzw. Umsetzen delirogener Medikamente, die strenge Indikationsstellung zu größeren operativen Eingriffen und das perioperative Blutungsmanagement ein. Standardisierte Tests erleichtern die postoperative Detektion eines Delirs. Bei der Behandlung steht die nicht-medikamentöse Therapie im Vordergrund. Sie schließt insbesondere die Kontinuierliche (Re)-Orientierung, Reizabschirmung, Homöostase, Schlafhygiene, rasche Mobilisierung und adäquate Therapie von Schmerzen und Infekten ein. Ist eine medikamentöse Therapie zusätzlich notwendig, empfiehlt sich Melperon oder Pipamperon für das hyperaktive Delir und Haloperidol bei starken Halluzinationen.
Shared Mechanisms between Cardiovascular Disease and NAFLD
Authors: Huang Daniel Q. , Downes Michael , Evans Ronald M. , Witztum Joseph L. , Glass Christopher K. , Loomba Rohit
Published: August 2022

The burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising globally. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with NAFLD. Nearly half of individuals with NAFLD have coronary heart disease, and more than a third have carotid artery atherosclerosis. Individuals with NAFLD are at a substantially higher risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events. NAFLD and cardiovascular disease share multiple common disease mechanisms, such as systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, genetic risk variants, and gut microbial dysbiosis. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in NAFLD, and highlight common risk factors. In addition, we examine recent advances evaluating the shared disease mechanisms between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease. In conclusion, multidisciplinary collaborations are required to further our understanding of the complex relationship between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease and potentially identify therapeutic targets.
Oxone-Promoted Cyclization/Hydrolysis of 1,5-Enenitriles Initiated via Direct C(sp3)–H Oxidative Functionalization: Access to Pyrrolidine-2,4-diones
Authors: Lei Ke-Wei , Liu Hongxin , Wei Wen-Ting , Guan Yu-Tao , Li Jiao-Zhe , Cai Xue-Er , Hu Sen-Jie , Zhang Jun-Hao
Published: August 2022

A novel method for assembling pyrrolidine-2,4-diones from 1,5-enenitriles and acetone/acetonitrile via a cyclization/hydrolysis has been established under metal-catalyst- and base-free conditions, with Oxone as a green oxidant and H2O as an additive at 90–110 ℃. This strategy is highlighted by cyclization/hydrolysis of alkyl cyanides, achieving direct C(sp3)–H oxidative functionalization, and giving full conversion of the substrates with excellent functional group compatibility.
Less Invasive Management of Endovascular Embolization and Neuroendoscopic Surgery for a Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Presenting with Acute Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Ishibashi Ryota , Maki Yoshinori , Ikeda Hiroyuki
Published: August 2022

Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH), which causes midline shift of the brain, rarely arises from a dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF). Herein, we report the first case of a DAVF manifesting ASDH, which was treated less invasively with endovascular embolization of a drainer of the DAVF and hematoma removal under neuroendoscopy. A 59-year-old man with a sudden onset of headache was transported to our hospital. Left ASDH and intracerebral hematoma in the left occipital lobe were detected. A cerebral angiogram revealed a DAVF fed by the petrosquamous branch of the left middle meningeal artery and jugular branch of the right ascending pharyngeal artery. The shunting point in the lateral tentorial DAVF drains through the internal occipital vein to the superior sagittal sinus. A varix was recognized in the draining vein (Borden type 3, Cognard type 4). The DAVF was embolized with Onyx (Medtronic, Minnesota, USA), and the left ASDH was removed with a small craniotomy under neuroendoscopy. No origin of the left ASDH was apparent in the surgical field. The patient was discharged from the hospital on postoperative day 18. The patient's status was modified Rankin scale 1 on discharge. Our management of combined endovascular treatment and neuroendoscopic hematoma removal may be useful and less invasive for hemorrhagic DAVF.
The Pulmonary Embolism Response Team: Rationale, Operation, and Outcomes
Authors: Glazier James J. , Patiño-Velasquez Skarlet , Oviedo Carlos
Published: August 2022

The pulmonary embolism response team (PERT) is an institutionally based multidisciplinary team that is able to rapidly assess and provide treatment for patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Intrinsic to the team's structure is a formal mechanism to execute a full range of medical, endovascular, and surgical therapies. In addition, the PERT provides appropriate multidisciplinary follow-up of patients. In the 10 years since the PERT was first introduced, it has gained acceptance in many centers in the United States and around the world. These PERTs have joined together to form an international association, called the PERT Consortium. The mission of this consortium is to advance the diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of patients with PE. There is considerable evidence that the PERT model improves delivery and standardization of care of PE patients, particularly those patients with massive and submassive PE. However, it is not yet clear whether PERTs improve clinical outcomes. A large prospective database is currently being compiled by the PERT Consortium. Analysis of this database will likely further delineate the role of PERTs in the management of intermediate-to-high risk PE patients and, importantly, help determine in which PE patients PERT may improve clinical outcomes.
Mass-Forming Chronic Pancreatitis: Diagnostic Performance of PET/CT
Authors: Reddy Ravikanth
Published: August 2022

Mass-forming chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma are most commonly located in the head of pancreas, and there is a marked overlap in clinical features and imaging findings that makes it diagnostically challenging, although prognosis and management of both these entities differ. Differentiation is made even more difficult when surgical exploratory biopsy is obtained. Radical surgical resection remains the standard of care for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and conservative treatment is effective for mass-forming chronic pancreatitis. Misdiagnosis of mass-forming chronic pancreatitis as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma results in unnecessary surgical intervention, and misdiagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma as mass-forming chronic pancreatitis results in delay in surgical intervention when required. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography can reliably be used for tissue characterization of mass-forming chronic pancreatitis and for monitoring disease response following treatment. Although differentiation of mass-like lesions of pancreas is reliably made on histopathology, significant false-negative rate is a major drawback that has a negative effect on diagnosis. This case report describes a rare presentation of mass-forming chronic pancreatitis with florid dystrophic calcifications in a 60-year-old male.
Spontaneous Obliteration of a Dissecting Aneurysm of Recurrent Artery of Heubner Monitored by Serial Magnetic Resonance Vessel Wall Imaging
Authors: Nakazaki Asuka , Ito Masaki , Isobe Masanori , Takahashi Takeshi , Nomura Taichi , Fujihara Fumiaki , Isu Toyohiko , Sugiyama Taku , Osanai Toshiya , Fujimura Miki
Published: August 2022

Aneurysms of the recurrent artery of Heubner (RAH) are known to be one of the uncommon cerebral aneurysms, predominantly presenting with bleeding symptoms. Previously, nine cases of the RAH aneurysms have been reported, all of which were treated surgically or endovascularly and most cases developed postoperative cerebral infarct in the ipsilateral caudate nucleus. Herein, we report a man presenting with transient ischemic attack due to diffuse cerebral vasospasm from a minor non-disabling subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from an RAH aneurysm. He visited our hospital 7 days after the first experience of a thunderclap headache complaining with transient unilateral motor weakness and thin SAH in the right sylvian fissure. Diagnostic catheter angiography revealed a dissecting fusiform aneurysm (8 mm in size) originating from the left RAH contralateral to the thin SAH. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (MR-VWI) helped to identify the ruptured nature of the RAH aneurysm. Owing to his delayed ischemic condition after minor SAH, he was conservatively treated with serial MR-VWI monitoring. The aneurysm was spontaneously obliterated with an asymptomatic lacunar infarct in the ipsilateral caudate nucleus in a month. Together, this case was considered as the dissecting aneurysm of RAH with a favorable outcome after the conservative management. Although long-term follow-up is mandatory because the disappearance of the vessel wall enhancement does not necessarily secure the permanent cure of the lesion, serial MR-VWI is helpful to diagnose the ruptured nature and monitor its chronological change in combination with conventional radiological imaging techniques.
Rare Case of Solitary Nasal Fibrous Tumor Eroding Skull-Base
Authors: Bhati Aditendraditya Singh , Rana Nishant , Raheja Girish , Tyagi Sudheer K.
Published: August 2022

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a spindle cell lesion, classified under mesothelial tumors. Involvement of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx is rare. We present an extremely rare case of SFT of nasal origin eroding the anterior skull base. Complete local excision is the treatment of choice in the head and neck SFT, and we successfully excised the tumor by endoscopic approach only. The patient followed an uneventful course without any evidence of recurrence on 8-months follow-up.
Synthesis of Spirocyclic Diindeno[1,2-b:2′,1′-d]thiophenes
Authors: Langer Peter , Ammon Erich , Villinger Alexander , Ehlers Peter
Published: August 2022

Spirocyclic diindenothiophenes were prepared by cyclization of tosylhydrazones, readily available from ketones, with 3,4-dibromo-2,5-bis(2-bromphenyl)thiophene. For bicyclic ketones, the bis-spirocycles were formed with very good diastereoselectivity.
Acute COVID-19 Pneumonia Unmasking a Large Left Atrial Myxoma
Authors: Hou Linle , Newman Joshua S. , You Joseph , Esposito Michael J. , Jauhar Rajiv , Vatsia Sheel K. , Azari Bani M.
Published: August 2022

This is a case of acute coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia that revealed an incidental large atrial myxoma with obstructive physiology that ultimately required emergent treatment with a definitive atriotomy and resection of the underlying myxoma.
Sharing data from residential solar installations
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: August 2022

Publicly available dataset contains power measurements and a wealth of information on residential solar installations, along with a quality control algorithm for error correction.
Enhancing realism of gut-liver axis model
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: August 2022

Organ-on-chip device allows separate flows for gut and liver cells, producing a more realistic model of gut and liver interactions in humans that could be used to study related diseases and their treatments.
Effects of amplitude modulated discharge on growth of nanoparticles in TEOS/O2/Ar capacitively coupled plasma
Authors: Kamataki Kunihiro , Nagamatsu Daiki , Yang Tao , Abe Kohei , Yamamoto Akihiro , Nagao Iori , Arima Toshiaki , Otaka Michihiro , Yamamoto Yuma , Yamashita Daisuke , Okumura Takamasa , Yamashita Naoto , Itagaki Naho , Koga Kazunori , Shiratani Masaharu
Published: August 2022

We investigate the effects of the amplitude modulation (AM) discharge method on the growth of nanoparticles and the relation between growth of nanoparticles and plasma generation in tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS)/O2/Ar plasma. The laser-light scattering (LLS) intensity, which is proportional to the density and the sixth power of the size of nanoparticles in the Rayleigh scattering regime, decreases by 18% at an AM level of 10% and by 60% at an AM level of 50%. On the other hand, the ArI emission intensity, which is roughly proportional to plasma density, is higher than that for the continuous wave discharge. Thus, AM discharges suppress growth of nanoparticles in TEOS plasma. We have shown oscillations of the axial electric field Ez with the AM frequency for AM discharge by electric field measurement using an electro-optic probe. We have discussed that these fluctuations of Ez mainly lead to the vertical oscillation of the levitation position of nanoparticles trapped in the plasma sheath boundary region by taking into account the force balance equation in the axial direction on these negatively charged nanoparticles.
Acoustic emission spectra and statistics of dislocation movements in Fe40Mn40Co10Cr10 high entropy alloys
Authors: Chen Yan , Tang Ke , Gou Boyuan , Jiang Feng , Ding Xiangdong , Salje Ekhard K. H.
Published: August 2022

The defining feature of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) is their unprecedented degree of compositional inhomogeneity which influences their dislocation movements. We demonstrate differences between a HEA (Fe40Mn40Co10Cr10) and a conventional solution alloy (316L stainless steel) using acoustic emission (AE) spectroscopy. AE measurements under tension show the coexistence of two avalanche processes in Fe40Mn40Co10Cr10 HEA, whereby one avalanche process relates to the movement of dislocations and the other to detwinning/twinning processes. These two avalanche processes exhibit two branches of the E ∼ A2 correlation. The dislocation movements in Fe40Mn40Co10Cr10 HEA show systematically longer durations compared with the equivalent dislocation movements in the 316L stainless steel and a bias toward faster waiting times for subsequent dislocation movements. The aftershock rate, as identified by the Omori law, is the same for the two materials.
Control of the Schottky barrier height in monolayer WS2 FETs using molecular doping
Authors: Zhang Siyuan , Chuang Hsun- Jen , Le Son T. , Richter Curt A. , McCreary Kathleen M. , Jonker Berend T. , Hight Walker Angela R. , Hacker Christina A.
Published: August 2022

Developing controllable doping processes for two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors is critical to developing next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. Understanding the nature of the contacts is an essential step in realizing efficient charge injection in transition metal dichalcogenides. In this study, post-growth n-doping of chemical vapor deposition grown monolayer (1 L) WS2 is achieved through molecular reductant solution treatment. The doping level can be effectively controlled by the treatment time and dopant solution concentrations. The doped WS2 field-effect transistors showed profound threshold voltage shifts and tunable channel currents. This molecular n-doping technique is beneficial for the selective area doping needed for electrical contacts and reduces the contact resistance (Rc) in 1 L WS2 by more than two orders of magnitude. The significant reduction of Rc is attributed to the high electron-doping density achieved in WS2, which leads to a significant reduction of the Schottky barrier height. The dependence of mobility on temperature indicates clear evidence of the strong suppression of charge-impurity scattering after doping. High levels of doping allow the observation of a metal–insulator transition in monolayer WS2 due to strong electron–electron interactions. This doping technique provides a viable route for tailoring the electrical properties and improving the contacts in transition metal dichalcogenides, paving the way for high-performance 2D nanoelectronic devices.
Inertial focusing of particles and cells in the microfluidic labyrinth device: Role of sharp turns
Authors: Gangadhar Anirudh , Vanapalli Siva A.
Published: August 2022

Inertial, size-based focusing was investigated in the microfluidic labyrinth device consisting of several U-shaped turns along with circular loops. Turns are associated with tight curvature and, therefore, induce strong Dean forces for separating particles; however, systematic studies exploring this possibility do not exist. We characterized the focusing dynamics of different-sized rigid particles, cancer cells, and white blood cells over a range of fluid Reynolds numbers Ref. Streak widths of the focused particle streams at all the turns showed intermittent fluctuations that were substantial for smaller particles and at higher Ref. In contrast, cell streaks were less prone to fluctuations. Computational fluid dynamics simulations revealed the existence of strong turn-induced Dean vortices, which help explain the intermittent fluctuations seen in particle focusing. Next, we developed a measure of pairwise separability to evaluate the quality of separation between focused streams of two different particle sizes. Using this, we assessed the impact of a single sharp turn on separation. In general, the separability was found to vary significantly as particles traversed the tight-curvature U-turn. Comparing the separability at the entry and exit sections, we found that turns either improved or reduced separation between different-sized particles depending on Ref. Finally, we evaluated the separability at the downstream expansion section to quantify the performance of the labyrinth device in terms of achieving size-based enrichment of particles and cells. Overall, our results show that turns are better for cell focusing and separation given that they are more immune to curvature-driven fluctuations in comparison to rigid particles.
Stimuli-responsive polyelectrolyte brushes for regulating streaming current magnetic field and energy conversion efficiency in soft nanopores
Authors: Sadeghi Morteza , Saidi Mohammad Hassan , Kröger Martin , Tagliazucchi Mario
Published: August 2022

The electrokinetic energy conversion, electroviscous effect, and induced internal and external magnetic fields in a smart polyelectrolyte grafted “soft” nanopore with pH responsiveness are studied here using an efficient molecular theory approach. The analysis is based on writing the total free energy of the system, including the conformational entropy of the flexible, self-avoiding polymer chains and the translational entropy of the mobile species, the electrostatic interactions, and the free energy due to chemical equilibrium reactions. Then, the free energy is minimized, while satisfying the necessary constraints to find the equilibrium state of the system. The predictions of the model are shown to be in excellent agreement with analytical solutions derived for special cases. We discuss the effect of different influential environmental and polymer brush parameters in detail and show that the electrokinetic energy conversion efficiency is optimal at moderate pH values and low background salt concentrations. It is also shown that the electrokinetic energy conversion efficiency is a complex function depending on both the environmental and polymer brush properties. Notably, high slip coefficients or high polymer grafting densities do not necessarily lead to a high energy conversion efficiency. Magnetic field readouts allow to measure streaming currents through nanopores without the need of electrodes and may be utilized as a secondary electronic signature in nanopore sensing techniques. It is shown that in nanopores modified with polyelectrolyte brushes, the induced magnetic fields can be tens of times larger than those in solid-state nanopores having only surface charges. We show that by tuning the pH, background salt concentration, surface charge, and polyelectrolyte grafting density, the magnitude of the internal and external magnetic fields can be significantly changed and controlled in a wide range.
Real Exponential, Logarithmic, and Trigonometric Functions for Physicists
Authors: Pereyra Nicolas A.
Published: August 2022

Real Exponential, Logarithmic, and Trigonometric Functions for Physicists builds on the author's previous books focused on mathematics for scientists. This new work presents a rigorous study of the underlying mathematical functions used in physics and provides its readers a deeper understanding for those studying and practicing the physical sciences.

This in-depth study:Delivers a thorough introduction to the math behind commonly used functions in physics and other disciplinesProvides readers with a strong foundation for developing analytic and problem-solving skillsApplies real life examples to bring theory to life for science students

Real Exponential, Logarithmic, and Trigonometric Functions for Physicists is a valuable guide for physics and math students, and is a concise text for instructors teaching in courses on number theory and other areas of the sciences where mathematics is needed.
Wildfire response of GPS-tracked Bonelli’s eagles in eastern Spain
Authors: Morollón Sara , Pausas Juli G. , Urios Vicente , López-López Pascual
Published: August 2022

Background Little is known about the interaction between predators and wildfires, in part because the large home range and scarcity of predators make their study difficult, and their response is strongly species-specific. Aims In this paper, we study, for the first time, the effect of wildfire on the behaviour of Bonelli’s eagles (Aquila fasciata) simultaneously tracked by GPS/GSM dataloggers in four neighbouring territories. Methods One territory was burnt in a wildfire and the other three were used for comparison. We computed the home-range area by comparing individual spatial and temporal behaviour before, during and after the fire event using kernel density estimators and movement parameters. Key results Our results show an immediate negative effect during the first days of the wildfire for an individual inhabiting the burnt territory – the individual flew directly away from the burning area. However, after a few days, the individual recovered their usual behaviour. The three neighbouring pairs did not show significant differences in behavioural parameters before, during and after the wildfire. Conclusions and implications Our results suggest that occasional wildfires do not affect the distribution and density of Bonelli’s eagles in the short or medium-term (two years after fire). This could be the result of adaptation by this species to the frequent and recurrent wildfires in the Mediterranean area.
Body part metaphors in phraseological expressions
Authors: Ganfi Vittorio , Piunno Valentina , Mereu Lunella
Published: August 2022

The paper addresses the employment of body part nouns in the creation of phraseological expressions of some European languages, a topic at the crossroads of language, cognition and culture. In particular, the contrastive analysis explores the common linguistic representation of meanings through body part metaphorical expressions in Italian, French, Spanish and English. While several efforts to gauge the existence of a “European linguistic type” (cf.Haspelmath, 2001) have been largely devoted to the study of grammatical structures, a systematic account of the lexical component of the major European languages has not been attempted yet. Among the lexical units, phraseological expressions (e.g. compounds, multiword units, idiomatic expressions, as well as light verb and light noun constructions) represent a relevant ground to inquire into, since they are the most transparent and authentic vehicle of common ideas and experiences gradually rooted in European communicative realities.
CD8 coreceptor engagement of MR1 enhances antigen responsiveness by human MAIT and other MR1-reactive T cells
Authors: Souter Michael N.T. , Awad Wael , Li Shihan , Pediongco Troi J. , Meehan Bronwyn S. , Meehan Lucy J. , Tian Zehua , Zhao Zhe , Wang Huimeng , Nelson Adam , Le Nours Jérôme , Khandokar Yogesh , Praveena T. , Wubben Jacinta , Lin Jie , Sullivan Lucy C. , Lovrecz George O. , Mak Jeffrey Y.W. , Liu Ligong , Kostenko Lyudmila , Kedzierska Katherine , Corbett Alexandra J. , Fairlie David P. , Brooks Andrew G. , Gherardin Nicholas A. , Uldrich Adam P. , Chen Zhenjun , Rossjohn Jamie , Godfrey Dale I. , McCluskey James , Pellicci Daniel G. , Eckle Sidonia B.G.
Published: August 2022

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells detect microbial infection via recognition of riboflavin-based antigens presented by the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)–related protein 1 (MR1). Most MAIT cells in human peripheral blood express CD8αα or CD8αβ coreceptors, and the binding site for CD8 on MHC-I molecules is relatively conserved in MR1. Yet, there is no direct evidence of CD8 interacting with MR1 or the functional consequences thereof. Similarly, the role of CD8αα in lymphocyte function remains ill-defined. Here, using newly developed MR1 tetramers, mutated at the CD8 binding site, and by determining the crystal structure of MR1–CD8αα, we show that CD8 engaged MR1, analogous to how it engages MHC-I molecules. CD8αα and CD8αβ enhanced MR1 binding and cytokine production by MAIT cells. Moreover, the CD8–MR1 interaction was critical for the recognition of folate-derived antigens by other MR1-reactive T cells. Together, our findings suggest that both CD8αα and CD8αβ act as functional coreceptors for MAIT and other MR1-reactive T cells.
Single-mode lasing in a coupled twin circular-side-octagon microcavity
Authors: Yang Ke , Yang Yue-De , Xiao Jin-Long , Huang Yong-Zhen
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate the curvature of coupled twin circular-side-octagon microcavity (TCOM) lasers as the degree of freedom to realize manipulation of mode quality (Q) factor and lasing characteristics. Numerical simulation results indicate that mode Q factors varying from 104 to 108, wavelength intervals of different transverse modes, and mode numbers for four-bounce modes can be manipulated for five different deformations. Global mode distributes throughout coupled microcavity with mode Q factor around the order of 104 or 105. Four-bounce modes lase with injection currents applied single microcavity. By pumping both microcavities simultaneously, single-mode lasing for global modes with side mode suppression ratios (SMSRs) of 30, 32, 32, 31, and 36 dB is achieved at the deformation of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 with four-bounce modes suppressed, respectively. Moreover, the linewidths less than 11 MHz for the single mode are obtained with the deformation of 2. The results show that the lasing modes can be efficiently manipulated considering variable curvature for TCOM lasers, which can promote practical applications of microcavity lasers.
Algebraic equation of motion approach for solving the Anderson model
Authors: Du Hou-Min , Liu Yu-Liang
Published: August 2022

Based on the algebraic equation of motion (AEOM) approach, we have studied the single-impurity Anderson model by analytically solving the AEOM of the f-electron one-particle Green function in the Kondo limit. The related spectral function satisfies the sum rule and shows that there is a well-known three-peak structure at zero temperature. In the low energy limit, we obtain the analytical formula of the Kondo temperature that is the same as the exact solution in form except for a prefactor. We also show that the shape of the Kondo resonance is the Lorentzian form and the corresponding weight is proportional to the spin-flip correlation function.
High-performance vertical GaN field-effect transistor with an integrated self-adapted channel diode for reverse conduction
Authors: Deng Siyu , Liao Dezun , Wei Jie , Zhang Cheng , Sun Tao , Luo Xiaorong
Published: August 2022

A vertical GaN field-effect transistor with an integrated self-adapted channel diode (CD-FET) is proposed to improve the reverse conduction performance. It features a channel diode (CD) formed between a trench source on the insulator and a P-type barrier layer (PBL), together with a P-shield layer under the trench gate. At forward conduction, the CD is pinched off due to depletion effects caused by both the PBL and the metal–insulator–semiconductor structure from the trench source, without influencing the on-state characteristic of the CD-FET. At reverse conduction, the depletion region narrows and thus the CD turns on to achieve a very low turn-on voltage (V
F), preventing the inherent body diode from turning on. Meanwhile, the PBL and P-shield layer can modulate the electric field distribution to improve the off-state breakdown voltage (BV). Moreover, the P-shield not only shields the gate from a high electric field but also transforms part of C
GD to C
GS so as to significantly reduce the gate charge (Q
GD), leading to a low switching loss (E
switch). Consequently, the proposed CD-FET achieves a low V
F of 1.65 V and a high BV of 1446 V, and V
F, Q
GD and E
switch of the CD-FET are decreased by 49%, 55% and 80%, respectively, compared with those of a conventional metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET).
Rapid localization of radioactive leaks based on hybrid adaptive grey wolf algorithm
Authors: Zhao Jiankun , Liu Wei , Zhang Qingxian , Wu Hexi , Ge Liangquan , Li Tianbin , Gu Yi , Zeng Qi , Liu Yibao
Published: August 2022

Radioactive source localization algorithms have been widely
used in the detection of nuclear accident areas. But some
shortcomings, such as complex algorithm structure, slow localization
speed and poor accuracy, were obviously performed to affect mobile
robot locating autonomously. In this paper, a potential alternative
method was investigated to be a new usage of locating leaks, just
via specifying the change of exposure rate. In this model, several
key factors, such as gamma ray attenuation, scattering factor,
travel angle guide, spatial discretization, etc., were taken into
consideration, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm,
which is appropriated in unknown areas of the radioactive waste
repository. Since there are three factors with different
contribution, such as position, quantity of the source and gamma ray
energy, which considered to demonstrate its impact on success. So, a
hybrid adaptive grey wolf algorithm (HAGWO) has been adopted and
implemented to develop a novel rapid method of radioactive leak
location. Three aspects, including the good point set initialization
in population size, balanced convergence function, and self-adaptive
greedy strategy for population update, were optimized and merged
into the locating model. To investigate the effectiveness of the
algorithm, results of HAGWO are compared with grey wolf algorithm
(GWO), good point set initialization strategy GWO(GGWO) and adaptive
head wolf strategy GWO (ALGWO) in convergence speed, accuracy,
stability and positioning error of single and double leak points. It
is observed that convergence speed is increased by 37.93 ± 2%
at the highest; the convergence accuracy is increased by
92.42 ± 2% at the most; the stability is improved by
30% ∼ 50%. The positioning error of single leak point is within
1.08%, and the positioning error of double leak point is less than
8.90%. Besides, compared with GWO, GGWO and ALGWO, the single-point
accuracy is improved by 1.36 percentage points (to GWO), and the
double-point accuracy is improved by 40.35 percentage points (to
ALGWO) at most. It is observed that HAGWO performs the best in
locating leaks, with a faster convergence, stronger stability and
more accuracy.
Estimation of granite radiation hazards of Deh Siahan village in Rafsanjan city
Authors: Khezripour S. , Zarei N. , Rezaie M.R.
Published: August 2022

There are villages in Rafsanjan city (Kerman, Iran) that are
nearby or located on radioactive granite rock, unfortunately. In
this study, by measuring the 232Th, 238U and 40K
radioactive elements, the amount of radiation hazards caused by
radioactive granite rock. For the residents Deh Siahan village has
been investigated. The results show that the radiation hazard
parameters of Deh Siahan village are higher than the permissible
values announced by the UNSCEAR reports. For example, the
total effective dose rates of Deh Siahan village was determined to
be 0.30 ± 0.01 mSv/y. The calculated values of the excess
lifetime cancer risks (ELCR) for Deh Siahan village is
10.51 ± 0.03× 10-4. The average absorbed dose rate in
air for Deh Siahan village is 156.68 ± 4.01 nGy/h for the whole
studied samples, this value is about 285% of the maximum level
recommended by (ICRP60, 1991) to the public (1 mSv/y), so there is
high radiological risk for the peoples in those village.
Complex interaction between meteorological factors on the risk of hand, foot, and mouth disease
Authors: Du Zhicheng , Hopke Philip , Marks Tia , Lin Shao , Zhang Wangjian , Hao Yuantao
Published: August 2022

The relationship between meteorological factors and the risk of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has been well documented. However, researchers have failed to consider the complex interactive relationships among meteorological factors. The weekly number of HFMD cases along with meteorological factors were collected between 2009 to 2017 in four cities in Guangdong Province. We used Bayesian kernel machine regression to investigate the nonlinear and interactive relationship between meteorological factors, such as temperature and humidity, on the risk of HFMD. Multivariate meta-analysis was used to pool the city-specific effect estimates and identify factors underlying the inter-city heterogeneity. The risk ratios (RRs) for each percentile increase in temperature from the 50th percentile value, while humidity was at its 10th, 50th, and 90th percentile values, were 1.621(95%CI: 1.226, 2.141), 2.638(2.169, 3.208), and 3.734(2.908, 4.792), respectively (Q= 19.132, P
interaction< 0.001). In contrast, the RRs for each percentile increase in humidity from its 50th percentile, while holding temperature at its 10th, 50th, and 90th percentile values, were 0.901(95%CI: 0.592, 1.369), 2.026(1.679, 2.448), and 0.884(0.632, 1.238), respectively (Q= 24.876, P
interaction < 0.001). Increased wind speed and sunshine duration were also observed to strengthen the impact of other meteorological factors. Furthermore, we found increased gross domestic product per capita and per capital area of parks and green land in city tended to significantly strengthen the interactive effects of humidity on other meteorological factors including sunshine duration (P = 0.013 and 0.042), rainfall (P = 0.017 and 0.035), temperature (P = 0.021 and 0.031), win speed (P = 0.011 and 0.045), and pressure (P = 0.013 and 0.042). Our study contributed further understanding of complex interactions between meteorological factors on the risk of HFMD. Our findings provide epidemiological evidence for meteorological interactions on HFMD, which may provide knowledge for future research on the health effects of meteorological factors.
Characterizing and quantifying uncertainty in projections of climate change impacts on air quality
Authors: East James D , Monier Erwan , Garcia-Menendez Fernando
Published: August 2022

Climate change can aggravate air pollution, with important public health and environmental consequences. While major sources of uncertainty in climate change projections—greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions scenario, model response, and internal variability—have been investigated extensively, their propagation to estimates of air quality impacts has not been systematically assessed. Here, we compare these uncertainties using a coupled modeling framework that includes a human activity model, an Earth system model of intermediate complexity, and a global atmospheric chemistry model. Uncertainties in projections of U.S. air quality under 21st century climate change are quantified based on a climate-chemistry ensemble that includes multiple initializations, representations of climate sensitivity, and climate policy scenarios, under constant air pollution emissions. We find that climate-related uncertainties are comparable at mid-century, making it difficult to distinguish the impact of variations in GHG emissions on ozone and particulate matter pollution. While GHG emissions scenario eventually becomes the dominant uncertainty based on the scenarios considered, all sources of uncertainty are significant through the end of the century. The results provide insights into intrinsically different uncertainties in projections of air pollution impacts and the potential for large ensembles to better capture them.
Performance analysis of electrode materials in electro discharge machining of monel K-500
Authors: Akgün Mahir
Published: August 2022

The present work focusses on the electrical discharge machining (EDM) of Monel K 500 super alloy with different electrodes. The study’s objective is to examine the effects of process parameters and electrode materials (Cu, W-Cu, and graphite) in terms of surface quality, material removal rateand electrode wear. In this context, EDM experiments have been designed and performed using the L27 standard orthogonal array of the Taguchi method with a statistical approach. The outcomes of this study reveal that the current plays an important role to improve the EDM machining performance of Monel K 500. The surface quality is approximately 11.62% and 55.52%, respectively better when Monel K-500 alloy is machined with copper electrodes compared to those in W-Cu and graphite electrodes. Moreover, The W-Cu electrode’s wear is approximately 15.73% and 21.05%, respectively less than those of graphite and Cu electrodes in optimum processing conditions. Graphite electrodes are better than Cu and W-Cu electrodes in terms of material removal rate. The statistical results also show that the estimation equations developed to select the optimum production conditions to give high accuracy results.
Effect of volcano-like textured tools on machining of Ti-6Al-4V alloy: a numerical and experimental analysis
Authors: Liu Gaohui , Fu Yonghong , Zhou Yun , Ji Jinghu , Gu Zehui
Published: August 2022

Higher temperature and lower thermal conductivity between the tool-chip contact face easily result in adhesion and wear on the tool surface which negatively affects the tool life and the machining quality of the workpiece in the machining Ti-6Al-4V alloy process. To address these problems, the investigation, combining the simulation and experiment, introduced the volcano-like textures of different diameters with excellent anti-adhesion performance on the tool rake face. Deform-3D software with updated Lagrangian formulation was used for numerical simulation, and the thermo-mechanical analysis was performed using the Johnson-Cook material model to predict the cutting forces, cutting temperature and tool wear. In machining experiments, volcano-like textures (VT) with different diameters were fabricated by fiber laser on the rake face of cemented carbide tools close to the main cutting edge. Experiments in machining Ti-6Al-4V alloy were carried out with the textured tools and non-textured tool under rough machining, semi-finishing and finishing conditions. Then, cutting force, cutting temperature and tool wear were investigated. The results showed that textured tools generally perform better than non-textured tool. The cutting force of VT1 was reduced by 31.2% and 50%, respectively, compared with the non-textured tool under semi-finishing and finishing conditions. With the refinement of machining, the cutting performance of the textured tools is improved, and the service life of the tool is extended. Therefore, the investigation can provide a basis for the surface texture design and optimization of the carbide tool.
Shape influence on the tribological properties of hexagonal boron nitride nanoplates and nanospheres reinforced epoxy coating
Authors: Wu Yinghao , Zhao Wenchao , Ci Xiaojing , Zhao Wenjie
Published: August 2022

Hexagonal boron nitride was known for its excellent lubricating capacity, however, the shape influence on the tribological properties of hexagonal boron nitride modified epoxy composite coatings was still a challenging requirement. Herein, the boron nitride nanoplates (BNNP) and nanospheres (BNNS) were modified by polydopamine to improve their dispersion in epoxy coatings and the shape influence of two nanoparticles on the tribological property was proved by the micro-morphologies of wear debris. When the mass content of polydopamine-modified BNNS was 0.25 wt%, the friction-reduction and anti-wear effects were the best, and the coefficient of friction and wear rate was reduced by 13.75% and 60.77%, respectively, compared with the pure epoxy coating. The ‘ball effect’ of BNNS provided rolling friction and the layer-structured debris exhibited good lubricating properties. The enhanced wear mechanism of BNNS provided wider potential application in the mechanical industry, automotive, aerospace, and infrastructure fields.