bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crilin: CRystal calorImeter with Longitudinal InformatioN for a future Muon Collider
Authors: Diociaiuti E. , Lucchesi D. , Paesani D. , Pastrone N. , Saputi A. , Sarra I. , Sestini L. , Tagnani D.
Published: December 2022

In modern experiment, a high granularity is required in order to distinguish signal particles from background and to solve the substructures necessary for jet identification. Time of arrival measurements in the calorimeter could play an important role in HL-LHC, since a high number of pile-up collisions is expected, and the timing could be used to assign clusters to the corresponding interaction vertex. In a Muon Collider, the timing could be used to remove signals produced by beam-induced background, asynchronous with respect to the bunch crossing. The calorimeter energy resolution is also fundamental to measure the kinematic properties of jets: a finely segmented calorimeter design should be favored in order to solve the jet substructure. However, this contrasts with the requirement for high timing resolution even for signal events involving low energy deposits, such as in the case of high impulse muons. Our proposed design, the Crilin calorimeter, is a semi-homogeneous calorimeter based on Lead Fluoride (PbF2) Crystals readout by surface-mount UV-extended Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs). In this paper, the development of a small prototype consisting of 2 layers of 3 × 3 crystals each is reported along with the relative results.
Progress of Kinetic Inductance Detectors on Calcium Fluoride for Astroparticle physics
Authors: Mohamad Zulfakri , Ishidoshiro Koji , Kishimoto Yasuhiro , Mima Satoru , Taino Tohru , Hosokawa Keishi , Nakamura Kosuke , Eizuka Minori , Ito Ryota , Kawamura Hiroki
Published: December 2022

Kinetic Inductance Detector (KID) is an exciting device that promises high sensitivity to photons from submillimeter waves to gamma-rays with large format arrays. The KID consists of a superconductor thin film microwave resonator combined with a transmission line. When energy accumulates, Cooper pairs in the superconductor films are broken. Then quasiparticles are produced. This change increases the kinetic inductance in the resonant circuits and can be monitored by the transmission line. We propose that Lumped Element KID (LEKID) is implemented on Calcium Fluoride (CaF2) substrate for next-generation astroparticle experiments. 48Ca is one of the double-beta decay nuclei, and 19F is sensitive to spin-dependent elastic scattering with dark matter. The LEKID on CaF2 can be cooled to 15mK using a dilution refrigerator. At this stage, the quality factors of the LEKID are about 500×103, and measurement for particle detection using 241Am particle irradiation is also demonstrated at this low temperature.
Scintillation light detection in the long-drift ProtoDUNE-DP liquid argon TPC
Authors: Cuesta C.
Published: December 2022

ProtoDUNE-DP is a 6 × 6 × 6m3 liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) operated at the Neutrino Platform at CERN in 2019-2020 as a prototype of the DUNE Far Detector. DUNE is a dual-site experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. The light signal in these detectors is crucial to provide precise timing capabilities. In ProtoDUNE-DP, scintillation light produced by cosmic muons in the LArTPC is collected by the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) placed up to 7 m away from the point of interaction. The scintillation light production and propagation processes are analyzed and compared to simulations, improving the understanding of some liquid argon properties.
Mechanical design of water cherenkov test experiment (WCTE) at CERN
Authors: Garode S V , Chinchanikar S S , Garde C S , Mache A R , Joshi S G , Deshmukh N , Patil P , Konaka A , Hartz M
Published: December 2022

The Water Cherenkov Test Experiment (WCTE) is an experiment proposed at CERN to measure the response of a Water Cherenkov Detector for charged particles such as π±, p+, e±, etc. The data obtained from WCTE will be used in future neutrino experiments. WCTE consists of a sealed cylindrical tank filled with ultrapure water. 128 multi-PhotoMultiplier Tubes (mPMTs) are mounted on a cylindrical support structure facing inwards to map out the Cherenkov radiation with high granularity. This work presents the mechanical design and analysis of the support structure for WCTE. It is designed to sustain the load of 128 mPMTs, arrangement of Photogrammetry system Cameras & lights and Calibration arm without significant change in the position / geometry of the structure. SS304 is identified as a suitable material to ensure the compatibility with the ultrapure water and Gd-loaded water. The structure is robust against stresses during handling and subsequent transport with and without water.
Development of scintillation detectors with light collection via wavelength shifting light guides for TAIGA experiment
Authors: Kravchenko E , Alizzi J E , Astapov I , Bezyazeekov P , Borodin A , Brueckner M , Budnev N , Chiavassa A , Dyachok A , Gafarov A , Garmash A , Grebenyuk V , Gress O , Gress T , Grinyuk A , Grishin O , Horns D , Igoshin A , Ivanova A , Kalmykov N , Kindin V , Kiryuhin S , Kokoulin R , Kompaniets K , Korosteleva E , Kozhin V , Kryukov A , Kuzmichev L , Lagutin A , Lavrova M , Lemeshev Y , Lubsandorzhiev B , Lubsandorzhiev N , Lukyantsev D , Malakhov S , Mamaev I , Monkhoev R , Mirgazov R , Mirzoyan R , Osipova E , Pakhorukov A , Pan A , Panasenko L , Pankov L , Petrukhin A , Poddubnyi I , Poleschuk V , Ponomareva V , Popesku M , Popova E , Porelli A , Postnikov E , Prosin V , Ptuskin V , Pushnin A , Raikin R , Rubtsov G , Ryabov E , Sagan Y , Samoliga V , Silaev A , Sidorenkov A , Skurikhin A , Slunecka V , Sokolov A , Suvorkin Y , Sveshnikova L , Tabolenko V , Tarashchansky B , Tkachev L , Tluczykont M , Tanaev A , Ternovoy M , Togoo R , Ushakov N , Vaidyanathan A , Volchugov P , Voronin D , Wischnewski R , Zagorodnikov A , Zhurov D , Yashin I
Published: December 2022

The TAIGA gamma observatory is continuing its deployment at the Tunka valley, close to lake Baikal. The new, original detectors, able to work under severe conditions of Siberia, were developed to increase the TAIGA sensitivity for the study of gamma-quanta at energies about 1 PeV and above. The distinguishing feature of the detectors is the use of the wavelength shifting light guides for scintillation light collection on a photodetector. Several designs of the counters have been tested: equipped with PMT or SiPM photo-detectors, acrylic or polystyrene based scintillators with thickness from 1 to 5 cm and detecting area from 0.75 to 1.0 m2. The data on the amplitude of the signal from cosmic muons measured in different points within the counter are presented. The first 48 counters were produced and deployed in 2019 at the TAIGA experiment. They form 3 stations each with 8 surface detectors and 8 underground detectors buried at the depth of 1.7 m. After two winters, all counters are working.
CMS Phase-2 Inner Tracker Upgrade
Authors: Malik Sudhir
Published: December 2022

The HL-LHC conditions of instantaneous peak luminosity up to 7.5x1034 cm-2s-1 and an integrated luminosity of the order of 300 fb-1/year is expected to result in 1 MeV neutron equivalent fluence of 2.3 x 1016 neq/cm2 and a total ionizing dose (TID) of 12 MGy (1.2 Grad) at the center of the CMS Experiment, where its innermost component, the Phase-2 Pixel Detector will be installed. This detector has to survive the above radiation dose, handle hit rates of 3.2 GHz/cm2 in the layers closest to the beam line, be able to track and separate particles in extremely dense collisions, deal with a pileup of 140-200 collisions per bunch crossing and have a high impact parameter resolution. This translates into a highly granular detector design with thinner sensors and smaller pixels, and a faster and more radiation hard electronics compared to the Phase-1 detector. This contribution reviews the Phase-2 upgrade of the (silicon-based) CMS Inner Tracker focusing on the features of the detector layout and on developments of pixelated devices.
Track and vertex reconstruction using moving emulsion blocks and a silicon pixel tracker for particles induced by 400 GeV/c protons on a thick target
Authors: Owtscharenko Nikolaus
Published: December 2022

The SHiP-charm experiment is designed to measure the charm production cross section, including cascade production, of 400 GeV/c protons hitting a thick, SHiP-like target. For the detection of production and decay of heavy charmed particles, emulsion films are employed in a multilayered moving target, forming an emulsion cloud chamber. While the emulsion films provide excellent spatial resolution they do not provide timing information, integrate all events, and quickly get saturated. For the charm measurement the emulsion target is thus moving at a constant speed during data-taking. A first optimization run at the CERN SPS has been performed in 2018, with the purpose to develop the required analysis tools and to fine-tune the detector layout. We report on the experiment design, track reconstruction in the pixel tracker and the track matching with the moving emulsion detector.
Development of Low Temperature Analog Readout (LTARS 2018) for LAr-TPCs
Authors: Kosaka Takuto , Narita Shinnya , Negishi Kentaro , Sumomozawa Shota , Sakashita Ken , Kishishita Tetsuichi , Tanaka Manobu M. , Hasegawa Takuya , Shoji Masayoshi , Miuchi Kentaro
Published: December 2022

We have developed an analog front-end electronics, called LTARS2018[1], for TPC-applications, targeted at dual-phase liquid argon TPCs for neutrino experiments and negative-ionμ- TPCs for directional dark matter searches. This electronics have a wide dynamic range for input charge up to 1600 fC and a function to output a signal with an appropriate time constant for signals having various peaking times, these unique properties may make the LTARS2018 multi-purpose. In this paper we will report results of the LTARS2018 performance check at room temperature and liquid argon temperature. In addition, we discuss the design concept and characteristics of a new electronics (LTARS2020) that been modified to improve performance in liquid argon.
RD53B Wafer Testing for the ATLAS ITk Pixel Detector
Authors: Standke Mark
Published: December 2022

RD53B/ITkPix-V1 is the most recent hybrid pixel readout chip development for the ATLAS pixel detector at the HL-LHC. It is the first full-scale 65 nm hybrid pixel-readout chip of its kind. ITkPix-V1 consists of more than one billion transistors with a high memory triplication ratio to cope with the high particle density at the heart of ATLAS. Chips will be as close to the interaction point as possible to optimize the resolution of impact parameters. The ITkPix-V1 chip features a 5-Gbit connection, with special data compression to deal with high hit intensities. In addition, a low-power, low-noise analog front-end is used to ensure high readout speeds and low detection thresholds. Failure of chips in ATLAS would be problematic. Therefore, a thorough test is necessary before and during production. For this purpose, the Bonn ATLAS group has developed BDAQ53, a fast and versatile simulation and testing environment that allows small and large-scale testing for ITkPix-V1 and its successor chips. This conference note will give an overview of the testing environment while focusing on large-scale wafer testing to evaluate ITkPix-V1’s suitability for its deployment at the HL-LHC.
Performance of the readout system of the ALICE Zero Degree Calorimeters in LHC Run 3
Authors: Cortese P , Arba M , Cotto G , Dellacasa G , De Marco N , De Remigis P , Falchieri D , Ferretti A , Lombardo L , Mereu P , Micheletti L , Puggioni C , Oppedisano C , Quaglia L , Siddhanta S , Terlizzi L , Tuveri M , Wheadon R
Published: December 2022

The ALICE Zero Degree Calorimeters (ZDC) provide information about event geometry in heavy-ion collisions through the detection of spectator nucleons and allow to estimate the delivered luminosity. They are also very useful in p–A collisions, allowing an unbiased estimation of collision centrality. The Run 3 operating conditions will involve a tenfold increase in instantaneous luminosity in heavy-ion collisions, with event rates that, taking into account the different processes, could reach 5 MHz in the ZDCs. The challenges posed by this demanding environment lead to a redesign of the readout system and to the transition to a continuous acquisition. The new system is based on 12 bit, 1 Gsps FMC digitizers that will continuously sample the 26 ZDC channels. Triggering, pedestal estimation and luminosity measurements will be performed on FPGA directly connected to the front-end. The new readout system and the performances foreseen in Run 3 are presented.
The Opto-electrical conversion system for the data transmission chain of the ATLAS ITk Pixel detector upgrade for the HL-LHC
Authors: Franconi Laura
Published: December 2022

The future High-Luminosity era of the Large Hadron Collider, with its unprecedented instantaneous luminosity, will impose new challenges on the LHC experiments. ATLAS will replace its inner detector with a new all-silicon Inner Tracker (ITk), whose innermost layers will be based on pixel technology and are expected to produce a data output of about 11 Tb/s. A high-speed transmission chain with many parallel lines running at 1.28 Gb/s will transmit data from the detector to an opto-electrical conversion system. This Optosystem features custom-designed radiation-hard electronics devoted to signal equalisation, aggregation (to 10.24 Gb/s) and optical-electrical conversion.
A study of self-vetoing balloon vessel for liquid-scintillator detectors
Authors: Obara S. , Gando Y. , Ieki S. , Ikeda H. , Ishidoshiro K. , Nakamura R.
Published: December 2022

KamLAND-Zen searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay with an ultra-pure liquid-scintillator (LS) filled with a custom-made clean nylon balloon. The primary backgrounds are radioactive impurities such as uranium and thorium series. To reduce them, we studied a self-vetoing balloon-shaped vessel for a future upgrade program, “KamLAND2-Zen”. We selected Polyethylene-Naphthalate (PEN) film which emit fluorescent light and performed the feasibility studies. Owing to its scintillation properties, 214Bi background could be identified in the KamLAND2-Zen. Moreover, thanks to the different waveforms between the LS and the PEN, we can apply the pulse-shape-discrimination for 212Bi-Po pileup background. We evaluated its background rejection efficiency as more than 90%. Resulting from these studies, it is possible to remove restrictions on fiducial volume in KamLAND2-Zen.
Radiation Damage and Recovery Mechanisms in Scintillating Fibers
Authors: Wetzel J , Onel Y , Bilki B , Bostan N , Koseyan O , Tiras E , Winn D
Published: December 2022

Optical scintillating bers lose their transparencies when exposed to radiation. Nearly all studies of radiation damage to optical bers so far only characterize this darkening with a single period of irradiation. Following the irradiation, bers undergo room temperature annealing, and regain some of their transparencies. We tested the irradiation-recovery characteristics of scintillating fibers in four consecutive cycles. In addition, three optical scintillating bers were irradiated at 22 Gy per minute for over 15 hours, and their transmittance were measured each minute by pulsing a light source through the bers. Here, we report on the in-situ characterization of the transmittance vs radiation exposure, allowing future applications to better predict the lifetime of the scintillating bers.
Performance of the SiPMs operated at low temperature for the JUNO - TAO detector
Authors: Sanfilippo S , Fabbri A , Mari S M , Montini P , Petrucci F , Riondino D
Published: December 2022

We report on the performance of commercial SiPM-based photo-detector Multi-Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC) S13360-6075CS by Hamamatsu Photonics from room temperature down to -50 °C at INFN - Sezione di Roma Tre. The work presented here is focused on the realization of 10 m2 SiPM surface for the Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO) near detector in the framework of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) neutrino experiment.
Simulation of charge sharing effects in 70 μm pixelated CdTe sensor
Authors: Jirsa J , Havranek M , Jakovenko J
Published: December 2022

Pixel detectors become an integral part of medical imaging, nondestructive testing, space science and particle physics. Sensors that are bump bonded to readout ASICs are made from various materials such as GaAs, Si, CdTe, and CdZnTe. Current research tends to use CdTe/CdZnTe as gamma-ray sensors due to its high absorption coefficient in the gamma spectrum. With decreasing size of pixel pitch, charge diffusion and secondary fluorescent photons cause charge sharing between neighboring pixels. That decreases the spatial and spectral resolution of the detector. This study simulated the effects of charge diffusion in a 2 mm thick 70 μm pixelated CdTe using TCAD. We created a 3D model of the sensor with an array of 5 × 5 pixels. We simulated the propagation of e-h pairs generated upon the absorption of gamma photons in CdTe. Based on the simulation outcome, we calculated the collection time, drift time and pixel capacitance. Finally, we propose a sensor model for use in analog front-end design.
Coincidence Time Resolution of Ultrafast Photomultiplier Tube Coupled with LYSO Crystal
Authors: Ma Lishuang , Sen Qian , Wu Qi , Zhu Yao , Yan Min , Peng Shuo , Wang Zhile
Published: December 2022

This manuscript aims to use two ultra-fast photomultiplier tubes (FPMT) coupled with Lu1.8Y2SiO5:Ce (LYSO) crystals to perform a coincidence time resolution (CTR) test applied to Time of Flight-Positron Emission Tomography (TOF-PET). The FPMT used in this work is a kind of Micro Channel Plate-PMT(MCP-PMT) with rise time of 100ps, TTS of 46ps working in single photon mode. The scintillation light waveform of the LYSO crystal appears “separated” when it is detected by the FPMT. At the same time, it is found that the setting of the timing threshold has a great impact on the results of the time resolution. The waveform processing algorithm is optimized by interpolation, and the acquired waveform is processed by the leading edge timing method. The whole test is carried out under the radiation background of 22Na, the CTR (sigma) measured by LYSO crystal coupled with FPMT is 40ps.
Performance of a fast timing micro-pattern gaseous detector for future collider experiments
Authors: Pellecchia Antonello , Verwilligen Piet
Published: December 2022

The fast timing MPGD is a micro-pattern gaseous detector conceived for achieving sub-nanosecond time resolution while maintaining the ability to instrument large areas in high-rate environments; applications of such technology are perspected in high-energy physics experiments at future colliders and medical diagnostics with time-of-flight methods. This work shows the systematic studies carried on an FTM prototype on the performance of GEM foils coated with resistive DLC films, whose development is essential for the FTM operation. The resistive foil performance has been tested with several gas mixtures and compared with the results obtained on conductive foils. The results show that the performance of the FTM is presently limited by the technology of manufacturing of DLC-coated GEM foils, with high gains reachable exclusively in isobuthane-based mixtures.
Commissioning of a hybrid readout TPC test set-up and gas gain simulations
Authors: Deisting A.
Published: December 2022

A hybrid readout Time Projection Chamber (TPC) has a simultaneous optical- and charge readout. The optical readout provides 2D images of particle tracks in the active volume, whilst the charge readout provides additional information on the particle position perpendicular to the image plane. A hybrid readout TPC working at high pressure is an attractive device for physics cases where an excellent space point resolution and a high target density is required as e.g. measuring a neutrino beam at the source of a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. In this paper we present two different lines of work towards the goal of developing hybrid TPC technology: a) Commissioning of a set-up with gas electron multipliers employing optical and charge readout. b) An analytical parametrisation of the gas gain for a multi wire proportional chamber based on GARFIELD++ simulations, which – when validated with measurements – allows to skip these simulations in the future altogether.
GEM foil characterization in cost-effective, and efficient way and attempt made to use it as an imaging detector
Authors: Ahmed Asar , Kumar Ashok , Naimuddin Md.
Published: December 2022

Increasing demand for security scanners and medical imaging techniques has risen with the advancement of technology based on silicon sensors. However, these technologies are much expensive and require critical handling. The Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) foil, based detector has been attempted to use as an imaging detector. GEM foil is generally constructed using 50 μm highly insulating film coated with 5 μm copper on both sides and a network of highly dense double conical holes of size 50-70 μm in it. Due to the microscopic structure of holes and the dependence of the electric field inside them, it becomes essential to study the defects and uniformity of holes along with the electrical property of foils in various conditions. In our work, we have tested GEM foils both optically and electrically and saw the response of the triple-layered GEM detector towards fake signal and gain.
Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber Trigger Development with MicroBooNE
Authors: Kalra Daisy
Published: December 2022

The Micro Booster Neutrino Experiment (MicroBooNE) is a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) neutrino detector at Fermilab that has been operating since 2015. It aims to perform v-Ar cross-section measurements, explore the low-energy excess reported by the MiniBooNE experiment and perform a combined search for sterile neutrino oscillations as part of three LArTPCs that make up the Short Baseline Neutrino (SBN) Program at Fermilab. Since MicroBooNE is currently in an R&D phase, it offers a unique opportunity for the implementation and testing of TPC-based triggers as R&D towards the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). One of the technical challenges of DUNE that we aim to address with this study is that of efficient self-triggering of a LArTPC utilizing TPC signal information. This capability will enable searches for rare processes in DUNE, such as neutrino interactions from a potential galactic supernova burst. This talk will describe the MicroBooNE TPC readout system and ongoing R&D efforts to develop and demonstrate TPC-based triggering.
Impact of xenon doping in the scintillation light in a large liquid-argon TPC
Authors: Soto-Oton J.
Published: December 2022

The use of xenon-doped liquid argon (Xe-doped LAr) is a promising alternative for large-scale liquid argon Time Projection Chambers (LAr-TPC), since it mitigates the light suppression due to impurities and it also improves the photon-detection efficiency and uniformity with the distance. This study analyses the impact of using Xe-doped LAr in ProtoDUNE Dual-Phase, a 750 ton Dual-Phase LAr-TPC placed at CERN. ProtoDUNE Dual-Phase completed a Xe-doping data-taking campaign in summer 2020 by re-filling the detector with 230 tons of Xe-doped LAr contaminated with nitrogen, and performing dedicated nitrogen injections. The effects of the presence of Xe at 5.8 ppm in the scintillation light production and propagation are analysed in this paper, showing an increase of the collected photons, but a suppression of the light signal amplitude. A 60% increase of the light attenuation length is measured. The impact on the scintillation time profile is also studied. A model to fit the time profile is proposed and the time constants of the physics processes are obtained.
A new approach to achieving high granularity for silicon diode detectors with impact ionization gain
Authors: Zhao Y. , Ayyoub S. , Chen W. , Gee C. , Islam R. , Mazza S. M. , Mony S. , Schumm B. A. , Seiden A. , Giacomini G.
Published: December 2022

Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) are thin (20-50 μm) silicon diode sensors with modest internal gain (typically 5 to 50) and exceptional time resolution (17 ps to 50 ps). However, the granularity of such devices is limited to the millimeter scale due to the need to include protection structures at the boundaries of the readout pads to avoid premature breakdown due to large local electric fields. Here, we present a new approach – the Deep-Junction LGAD (DJ-LGAD) – that decouples the high-field gain region from the readout plane. This approach is expected to improve the achievable LGAD granularity to the tens-of-micron scale while maintaining direct charge collection on the segmented electrodes.
C/X/Ku triple-band all-metal slot antenna
Authors: Cheng Xiaoyu , Bi Shaofeng , Sun Yunfei , Yuan Chengwei
Published: December 2022

Most multi-band all-metal slot antennas are dual-band. Their design concept is not feasible for triple-band antennas. A triple-band all-metal slot antenna is designed using an electromagnetic band gap structure (EBG). The antenna can work at C/X/Ku-band. Simulated results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the design. The compact antenna expands the working frequency of an all-metal slot antenna, which is especially appealing for high-power antennas.
Reference Map Generation for Synthetic Aperture Radar Based on CycleGAN
Authors: Meng Lingyu , Xing Zhiqiang , Fu Dongning
Published: December 2022

The real-time closed-loop simulator of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) needs to input the SAR radar reference map as the simulation target scene information in the process of simulation. However, it is difficult to obtain the scene map of SAR radar in the detection range that is realistic and consistent with the task target, and the data sets are limited. In this article, Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks (CycleGAN) is applied to realize the migration learning of SAR radar reference map and solve the task required of a directional generation of SAR images.
Design of a Miniaturized Cavity Bandpass Filter
Authors: Du Shanshan , Yang Qinghui , Wang Ming , Fan Xinan
Published: December 2022

A novel design of a miniaturized cavity filter structure is proposed in this paper. The filter adopts a combination of interdigital and combines coupling structures instead of the traditional filter structure to reduce the filter size while ensuring excellent performance. The size is further reduced by adding metal rectangular blocks on the filter covers to increase the capacitance between the open end of the resonant rod and the ground and the coupling between the resonant rods. The critical parameters were designed and optimized by CST Studio Suite. Consequently, a nine-stage bandpass filter was fabricated and realized at 4.75 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 10.5% and insertion loss of less than 0.7 dB.
A Video Description Model with Improved Attention Mechanism
Authors: Huang Feiyan , Zeng Shangyou , Ke Jie , Lei Songtong , Wang JinJin
Published: December 2022

Video description generation refers to the automatic generation of text descriptions of videos by computers, which belongs to the intersection of computer vision and natural language processing. Aiming at the problem that the traditional attention mechanism has insufficient ability to extract video features, the model is complex and the description quality is not high, this paper proposes a video description model with an improved attention mechanism. The model is based on the encoder-decoder structure, uses inception-v4 as the encoder to extract features, and introduces a lightweight coordinate attention module (CA) into the attention mechanism, which improves the feature extraction effect and reduces the model complexity, and sends the extracted important feature information into the decoder long short-term memory network (LSTM) to generate the description sentence corresponding to the video. The model is validated on the MSVD dataset using various evaluation metrics (BLEU, ROUGEL, CIDEr, METEOR). The experimental results show that the improved attention mechanism of the video description model proposed in this paper has better accuracy in different performance metrics and can further improve the performance of video description.
Shift Gait: A Skeleton-Based Gait Recognition Method
Authors: Tan Yao , Yu Lei , Xie Datao , Tang Baoxiang
Published: December 2022

Gait recognition is a promising biometrics identification technology that is widely used in criminal investigations, surveillance systems, social security, and other fields. Most existing methods of gait recognition are appearance-based methods that use silhouettes as the input of networks to acquire gait features. However, silhouettes will be lost fine-grained spatial information. In addition, the silhouette contains other information that is not related to gait, such as dress, backpack, etc., therefore, it cannot be treated as a pure “gait” recognition. At the same time, most methods do not take into account the complexity of background extraction in the context of dynamic changes. To solve the above mentioned problems, ShiftGait, a method based on skeletal features, is proposed, which extracts body posture from RGB images using 2D pose estimator and feeds the extracted skeletal sequences into graph convolutional network to acquire the features of skeletal sequences. Finally, the extracted features are used for classification. Experiments on the CASIA-B dataset indicates that our network is superior and more robust to dressing changes.
BPSK/BOC Modulation Signal System for GPS Satellite Navigation Signals
Authors: Liu Haochen
Published: December 2022

With the continuous research and development of the global positioning system in various countries, the requirements for the accuracy and efficiency of GPS signals are getting higher and higher. To improve the performance of GPS signal modulation, this research focuses on the BPSK modulation signal and the BOC modulation signal and introduces the basic principles and practical uses of the two modulation signals. Based on the disadvantage of weak anti-noise of BPSK modulated signal and high ambiguity of BOC modulated signal, two algorithms of signal-to-noise ratio estimation and parallel phase code acquisition are introduced in this paper. By introducing the principles and functions of the two algorithms, the improvement of the optimization algorithm for the two modulated signals is expounded. This paper introduces the working principle of the GPS signal, shows the advantages and future development prospects of the BPSK modulation signal and the BOC signal based on the GPS modulation signal, and compares the two modulation signals with the optimization algorithm. The BOC modulated signal shows superior performance. Combined with the optimization algorithm, high-precision transmission signals can be achieved, but the requirements for the receiver are high. The BPSK modulation signal combined with the optimization algorithm can meet most of the needs in life. Still, it is slightly worse than the BOC modulation signal in the face of high-precision and high-demand signal transmission.
Joint Interference Cancellation and Symbol Detection for Multistatic Backscatter System
Authors: Liu Wanxian , He Xiuli , Wang Ze , Zhao Li , Xu Hongbo
Published: December 2022

Backscatter communication is a promising passive radio technique for the green Internet of Things (IoT) due to its low cost and low power consumption. However, the limited communication range is a challenging issue because of the double fading of the backscatter link. This paper proposes a multi-static backscatter system in which multiple readers illuminate a tag simultaneously to strengthen the received backscatter signals. In this system, direct links greatly impact the backscatter links, making it difficult to recover the tag information. The interference cancellation (IC) is exploited to cancel out the interference of the direct link and improve the detection probability. Then the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is used for symbol detection, in which latent variable is introduced to form simpler distribution, and parameters are updated based on their probability. The numerical results verify the better performance of our proposed method.
ILP-based multiperiod flow routing and scheduling method in time-sensitive network
Authors: Wang Jin , Zhou Liang , Tian Li
Published: December 2022

Time-sensitive network (TSN) provides end-to-end data transfer with very low latency and high reliability on the basis of Ethernet. It is suitable for time-sensitive applications and will be widely used in scenarios such as autonomous driving and industrial Internet. When the existing time-sensitive flow routing and scheduling methods do not consider the shared bandwidth of the flow triggered by different cycle times, the possibility of conflict is different, which leads to the inaccuracy of the index to measure the scheduling bottleneck. This paper analyses the different cycle time-sensitive flow between the possibility of conflict, puts forward a kind of applicable to passes based on integer linear programming cycle time-sensitive traffic scheduling algorithm, according to the characteristics of the cycle time-sensitive flow carries on the preliminary classification and sorting, and developed a series of scheduling constraints, implementation is sensitive to time flow of packet scheduling. The experiment can be conducted from the three perspectives of average end-to-end delay, maximum load, and flow scheduling. The proposed routing method was compared with the existing benchmark routing algorithm evaluation. The results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the capacity of the network sensitive to time flow, reduce load scheduling by optimizing the network bottleneck at the same time, and improve the schedulability.
Inverse Design of Metamaterials via Deep Learning for Electromagnetically Induced Transparency
Authors: Lu Fushan , Wang Jianwei , Li Handong , Qing Chanchan , Lei Tao , Xiang Tianyu , Hu Shengbo
Published: December 2022

The physical limitations of metamaterial structures cannot be solved under the conditions of high time cost and complex algorithms in metamaterial inverse engineering in the past. This paper proposes limiting the value range of metamaterial structural parameters through a single structural parameter acquisition method (SSPAM) for the first time, which will meet the expected values of our predictions and obtain high-quality and effective data in a relatively short time. This is the first attempt to use this method to solve the problem of physical limitations in the inverse design of metamaterials effectively. Furthermore, it is a further improvement of inverse design, enhances the reliability of metamaterial inverse design once again, and realizes the idea of on-demand design. The mean squared error of our best deep learning model is 0.00075 and 0.00026 in the training set and validation set, respectively, and 3.0×10−5 in the test set. We input three specific points of the EIT spectrum into our optimal model to predict the corresponding EIT structural parameters inversely, verified by numerical simulation calculation, and obtained satisfactory results. This work can provide new ideas and methods for the inverse design of metamaterials for other models.
Smart meter life prediction method based on health index and random forest
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Ruyi , Wang Hao , Lu Lijun , Li Mingzhe , Li Aibeiduo
Published: December 2022

Smart electricity meter is the key instrument to realize the accurate measurement of electricity consumption. However, with the increase of the service life of electricity meter, its measurement accuracy will deteriorate. Aiming at the problems that a single parameter cannot accurately characterize the performance degradation process of the electric meter, and the traditional intelligent learning model is difficult to accurately fit the degradation model of the smart electric meter, a new method is proposed to fuse the data to construct the electric meter health index, and combine the multi-model similarity matching and the integrated model to calculate the residual energy of the electric meter. Methods of life prediction. Hierarchical clustering and silhouette coefficients are used to filter parameters and fuse them into a meter health index. Multi-model similarity matching is used for regression model prediction to optimize the prediction results of the model. Select a meter measurement data set to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the method has the advantages of fast prediction speed, and the fusion of health index and multi-model similarity matching greatly improves the prediction accuracy of the remaining life of the electric meter.
Study on removal of formaldehyde from ceramic carving brick by formaldehyde dehydrogenase
Authors: Guo Zhiyong
Published: December 2022

Formaldehyde is a very representative indoor organic pollutant, which can exist in indoor spaces for a long time. Using purified formaldehyde dehydrogenase can improve the efficiency of formaldehyde degradation. Comparing the enzyme activities of externally purified formaldehyde dehydrogenase at different temperatures and pH values, a simple, rapid, and rough evaluation method for verifying the removal of formaldehyde by the formaldehyde dehydrogenase was preliminarily established.
Graphene-based composites for supercapacitors
Authors: Li Jing , Xiao Tongtong , Yu Xiaoxi , Wang Mingyuan
Published: December 2022

Smart devices that are portable and wearable have advanced significantly over the years. Further research on compatible storage devices with tiny, light and flexible properties is required to make wearable electronic devices more versatile, lightweight, smart, and commercially viable. Because of their advantages of having a high-power density, long cycle longevity, superior mechanical strength, good safety, and ease of assembly, supercapacitors have sparked a great deal of interest. Nevertheless, if the conventional supercapacitor is distorted by an external force, the power storage qualities would be significantly diminished or perhaps even eliminated. The primary component of capacitors is the electrode material, hence it is essential to produce extremely flexible electrode materials with superior energy-storage capabilities. This study introduces the supercapacitor energy storage theory and the current state of graphene applications in flexible supercapacitors. Additionally, a succinct summary of the research on pseudo, double-layer, and asymmetric capacitors is provided. Future progress and the difficulties that flexible supercapacitor electrode materials still confront are explored.
Characterization and properties of nanocellulose-enhanced pulp-molded lunch boxes
Authors: Han Guocheng
Published: December 2022

Fluorine-free additives for food packaging have attracted numerous research concerns. In this paper, pulp-molded lunch boxes were prepared with bamboo pulp and bagasse pulp, and nanocellulose functional material was coated on the surface of pulp-molded lunch boxes by spin coating, in order to investigate the apparent and load-bearing properties. The results showed that compared with conventional pulp-molded lunch boxes with fluorinated oil-proof additives, the microscopic surface of the pulp-molded lunch boxes coated with nanocellulose-reinforced material is flatter and uniform, and the void ratio is significantly reduced. Also, the nanocellulose functional material can remarkably improve the deformation resistance of the paper box, and its load-bearing property for cold water, hot water, and hot meals are better than that of conventional pulp-molded lunch boxes. It’s believed that the nanocellulose functional material has the feasibility of being used in hot chain takeaway scenarios.
The Applications of Nano-Piezoelectric Composite in Flexible Wearable Self-Powered System
Authors: Chen Xinyu
Published: December 2022

Nanomaterials have permeated every sphere of life, industry, and research. Due to the unique piezoelectric properties of nanometer materials and piezoelectric types, it is possible to convert mechanical energy into electricity by certain mathematical relationships, equivalent to the energy supply for equipment. This capability allows for the creation of sensitive sensor elements that can perceive the external environment on various levels, including thermal, mechanical, electrical, and optical. The generation of piezoelectric nanogenerators indicates that nanomaterials devices can be expected to achieve a natural self-powered system without external power or only provide a small amount of energy, and play an irreplaceable role in the fields of microelectronics, artificial intelligence, and human-computer interaction. In this review, examples of nano-piezoelectric ceramic materials and nano-piezoelectric polymers that can be applied to flexible self-powered systems are listed, and the advantages and problems of these two kinds of materials in flexible self-powered systems are comprehensively analyzed. This paper focuses on the performance improvement of 0-3 nano-composites on the original piezoelectric ceramics and polymer materials and their application in the flexible wearable self-powered system. In addition, it summarizes the difficulties and challenges in their practical applications and provides future research directions for researchers.
Experimental study on distillation and purification of reclaimed NMP
Authors: Wang HongMei , Wu BaiZhi , Jiang Feng , Li ChunLei
Published: December 2022

With the proposal of double carbon target, NMP is widely used in lithium battery industry, chemical process, petroleum industry and other industries. Its purity directly affects the production and quality of products. In this paper, the NMP recovered liquid is taken as the experimental object, and the atmospheric and vacuum distillation methods are used to distill the recovered liquid for many times to remove impurities, so as to reduce the content of impurity elements such as Ca, Na, Si and water molecules. The Karl Fischer moisture meter, ICP-OES and ultraviolet photometer are used to detect and compare the experimental results. It is found that the moisture in the NMP recovered by distillation can be gradually reduced. Through UV analysis, in the second temperature step of distillation, 274 nm and 325 nm impurity peaks can be removed to achieve the purpose of removing impurity peaks and effectively reduce the impurity content in NMP recovery solution. The experimental method for removing impurities of Ca, Na, Si elements and water molecules in NMP recovery solution proposed in this paper provides a certain reference for NMP purification research.
Formation Mechanism of Novel Chips and Application Research in Biochemistry
Authors: Wei Zeheng , Zhang Lin
Published: December 2022

It is crucial to systematically study the interaction between samples and components at different concentrations in biochemical analysis. Microfluidic chip technology can complete precise liquid control in micron-scale channels and has been widely used in the biochemical analysis in recent years. The microfluidic concentration gradient chip is a tool that can rapidly construct a stable biochemical concentration gradient, which can be combined with most cell culture, chemical analysis, and other technologies to provide a new platform for traditional biochemical analysis. This paper reviews the formation mechanism of microfluidic concentration gradient chips and their applications in biochemistry and other fields and provides new ideas for broadening the application research of concentration gradients.
Properties and Applications of Transition Metal Carbide Two-Dimensional Materials
Authors: Tian Peilin
Published: December 2022

Two-dimensional transition metal carbides (2D TMCs) have become a research hotspot in the fields of energy storage, catalysis, electromagnetic shielding, sensors, superconductivity, and so on in recent years because of their excellent physical and chemical properties, including high-volume capacitance, electrochromic properties, high electronic conductivity, high melting point, high hardness, and high chemical stability. In this paper, the properties of transition metal carbide two-dimensional materials are analyzed from the perspective of crystal structure. Combined with the properties of transition metal carbide two-dimensional materials, their applications in the fields of electrocatalysis and photocatalysis, gas catalysis and sensors, energy storage, medical treatment, and superconductivity are briefly introduced and summarized, which provides a reference for further research.
Study on the Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Cobalt-Metal Organic Framework
Authors: Zhan Yujuan , Yu Ying , Wu Pian , Ding Ping
Published: December 2022

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been widely used in the treatment of antimicrobial infections, but high doses of H2O2 can cause damage to normal tissues. Avoiding the use of high doses of H2O2 as well as being effective against multidrug-resistant bacteria, nanomaterials with peroxidase-like properties have been developed as a new class of antimicrobial agents. Here, we have synthesized Co-TCPP(Fe)(Co-MOF), a metal-organic framework material with a laminar folded structure and a heterogeneous surface morphology, using a solvothermal method, which exhibits good bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the help of low concentrations of H2O2.
Study on property control of intercalated melt-blown nonwovens
Authors: Mai Yijun , Zheng Zhixing , Hou Lei , Chen Hao
Published: December 2022

Melt-blown nonwovens have fine fiber diameter, excellent filtration performance, small pores, and large specific surface area. However, the fluffiness of the material is not good enough. Adding conventional fibers into the melt-blown material can increase the thickness and fluffiness of the material, and improve the sound-absorbing performance and heat preservation performance of the material. To study how much fiber can be added to make melt-blown nonwovens better, grey correlation analysis is used to explore the influence of intercalation rate on each parameter. BP neural network is used for training, with process parameters as the input index and structural variables as the output index, and the results are obtained. According to the principle of statistics, the data of the results are analyzed and the process parameters of the highest filtration are obtained. Finally, the random forest regression model is used to establish the objective programming function to predict the added constraints.