bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
News values and feminisms: a campaign for gender equality in Irish higher education
Authors: De Oliveira Filha Elza Aparecida , Oliveira Ruggi Lennita
Published: February 2020

Desde por lo menos 2014, una campaña feminista está desafiando la desigualdad de género en las universidades irlandesas. Siete demandas judiciales empezadas por profesoras contra la National University of Ireland, Galway (NUI Galway) incluyeron, con éxito, el tema en la agenda pública y culminaron en la transformación de las políticas nacionales para la enseñanza superior. Este artículo considera los valores notícia movilizados para relatar la campaña. El objetivo es investigar como las historias fueron seleccionadas y enmarcadas por la media hegemónica. Las noticias fueron recolectadas con palabras clave que eran los nombres de las litigantes en los archivos digitales de los dos más grandes diarios irlandeses (Irish Independent e Irish Times), también de un semanario local (Connacht Tribune). La muestra de 111 publicaciones se analizó con base en la tipología de valores noticia desarrollada por Gislaine Silva. Los resultados indican que los valores noticia con más incidencia fueron conflicto, colectividad y celebridad, desvelando que la realización de eventos mediáticos es crucial para romper la exclusión o condena de la agenda feminista en los discursos periodísticos. La pesquisa empírica ofrece un terreno fértil para reflexionar sobre la representación mediática de los feminismos contemporáneos, además de pensar la política de la memoria relativa al movimiento sufragista.
La identificación de las mujeres españolas con los anuncios de las revistas de alta gama
Authors: Vega Saldaña Silvia Mª , Barredo Ibáñez Daniel , Merchán Clavellino Ana
Published: February 2020

Este estudio indaga en la percepción que la población femenina posee acerca del patrón corporal imperante en la publicidad de las revistas femeninas de alta gama españolas. Los resultados apuntan que este sector enaltece en sus páginas publicitarias a modelos que exhiben patrones corporales restrictivos, PCE, que se establecen como paradigma del ideal del cuerpo femenino al que debe anhelar semejarse la mujer actual. Un PCE asentado en los siguientes parámetros: talla ≤36, altura ≥170 centímetros y somatotipo ectomorfo, y al que se asocian atributos corporales que hacen referencia a la etnia blanca, tonalidades claras en ojos y cabello, una melena larga, la eterna juventud y la perfección corpórea.
The characteristic of sheep cheese “Bryndza” from different regions of Slovakia based on microbiological quality
Authors: Kačániová Miroslava , Nagyová Ľudmila , Štefániková Jana , Felsöciová Soňa , Godočí­ková Lucia , Haščí­k Peter , Horská Elena , Kunová Simona
Published: February 2020

The aim of our study was to describe microorganisms which occur in the traditional Slovak cheese „Bryndza“. There were a total of 60 cheese samples collected from ten different farms during May 2019. The microbiota studies included the total bacterial count, coliforms, enterococci, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and microscopic fungi. The total bacterial counts were cultivated on plate count agar at 30 °C in aerobic conditions, lactic acid bacteria on MRS at 37 °C in anaerobic conditions, coliform on VRBL and VRBG at 37 °C in aerobic condition, yeasts and microscopic fungi on MEA at 25 °C under aerobic condition. Gram-positive, Gram-negative and yeasts isolates were identified with MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper. Totally, a number of 1175 isolates of G-, G+ and yeast were identified with score higher than 2 and moulds. Escherichia coli and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were the most frequently identified species of Gram-negative and Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides and Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis from Gram-positive bacteria. Yarrowia lipolitica and Kluyveromyces lactis were the most distributed yeasts. Lactic acid bacteria group was represented by Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc and Pediococcus. The most abundant genera of lactic acid bacteria were Lactobacillus with 11 species. This study describes the indigenous microbiota of the traditional ewe's milk cheeses from Slovakia.
Effects of Industry-University Collaboration on Enterprises’ Intellectual Capital: A Study of Hi-Tech Industries in Zhejiang, China
Authors: Li Ran , Niyomsilp Eksiri
Published: February 2020

This study aims to explore the impact of industry-university collaboration on enterprises’ intellectual capital. From the perspective of industry-university collaboration relationship management, to explore the influence of different industry-university collaboration relationship on the enterprises’ intellectual capital. Survey was used to collect the data from 406 Zhejiang province hi-tech enterprises’ entrepreneur and senior executives of the industry-university collaboration project using purposive sampling. Quantitative methods were used to analyze the variables and to test hypothesis.Industry-university collaboration itself is a systematic project that needs close collaboration and coordination between the society and relevant units. The relationship between universities and enterprises plays an important role in collaboration. It has become an important obstacle of industry-university collaboration and a restriction factor of knowledge transfer. Therefore, industry-university collaboration cross-organizational management has gradually become a research hotpots for scholars. Taking high-tech enterprises in Zhejiang province as an example, this study studies the different effects of industry-university collaborative relations on enterprises’ intellectual capital from the perspective of industry-university collaborative relations, and improves enterprises’ intellectual capital through scientific and effective management of industry-university collaborative relations. On the basis of Tijssen, Perkmann, Walsh and other research achievements, this study divides the industry-university collaboration into two types of relationship: related type and transactional type. Quantitative research method is adopted to analyze the variables and verify the hypothesis. According to the data analysis results, draw a conclusion: Industry-university collaboration relationship should be based on the related relationship, the enterprise with strong related relationship has higher intellectual capital performance. Finally, according to the research results, some Suggestions on the management of industry-university collaborative relationship are put forward for the reference of local governments and future researchers.
Physical Appearance Anxiety and Social Relations
Authors: Moneva Jerald C. , Geñorga Justine Gay R. , Solon Eugenia M.
Published: February 2020

Students who are afraid of being judged negatively are experience of an anxiety which is called physical appearance anxiety. Social relations refer the relationship between two or more individuals through communication. Students have higher to encounter physical appearance anxiety towards social relations. This study was conducted in senior high school, in Mandaue City, Cebu Philippines. This research design used a descriptive-correlation to assess and to know the students physical appearance anxiety towards social relations using the rating scale researcher made questionnaire among grade 11 and 12 Senior High School student. Moreover, the quantitative data were analyzed through a weighted mean and processed by using a chi-square. It reveals that when a student experience physical appearance anxiety can affects in their social relations. There is a significant association between physical appearance anxiety regards with social relations. This implies that physical appearance anxiety impacts social relations of senior high school students. Hence, the students are expected to face the consequences of physical appearance anxiety positively to cope up the negative impact of anxiety in physical appearance. The researcher recommended that the teachers may guide and help the students in facing anxiety in body image and looks and anti-bullying measures be observed.
O uso de testes de hipótese para aferir a existência de diferença no desempenho de egressos do Ensino Médio na tarefa de relacionar a Física com o cotidiano do trânsito
Authors: Vizzotto Patrick Alves , Mackedanz Luiz Fernando
Published: February 2020

Apresenta-se os resultados de uma pesquisa que investigou se egressos do Ensino Médio relacionam a Física escolar com o cotidiano do trânsito. Para tal, foi aplicado um questionário com questões de Física aplicadas a este contexto, e posteriormente, testes de hipótese foram realizados, a fim de verificar se grupos com características opostas dessa mesma amostra apresentaram desempenhos estatisticamente diferentes entre si. Foram testadas hipóteses de igualdade de médias entre gênero, idade, realidade escolar, experiência com veículos e nível educacional atual, por meio do Teste U de Mann-Whitney. Notou-se que participantes que concluíram o Ensino Médio em escolas particulares, assim como os que já haviam dirigido até o momento da pesquisa, obtiveram desempenhos estatisticamente maiores do que o grupo oposto. Tais constatações corroboram com a concepção de que a qualidade do ensino, a consideração dos conhecimentos prévios dos estudantes e as experiências vivenciadas por cada indivíduo, podem ser fatores de impacto na aprendizagem, potencializando uma maior retenção de conceitos físicos em egressos da educação básica e a possibilidade de desenvolver uma visão crítica do seu cotidiano, preceitos básicos de uma Alfabetização Científica.
Does Auditor Industry Specialization Increase Analysts’ Forecast Accuracy? Evidence from the Listed Firms of Australia
Authors: Shams Aditi
Published: February 2020

This paper examines the relation between auditor industry specialization and analysts’ beginning-of-the-year earnings forecast accuracy. It predicts that the higher industry specialization of the auditors will improve the quality of external financial reports and thus mitigates the analysts’ forecast error. It also predicts that higher audit quality will have a negative association with analyst forecast dispersion. The empirical test results on Australian listed firms from the year 2003 to 2012 does not find evidence of association between audit firm industry specialization and analysts’ beginning-of the year earnings forecast error. However, firms with higher analysts forecast error is associated with lower forecast dispersion among analysts, which is consistent with the prediction that analysts are consistent with predicting future earnings and analysts possess similar traits in terms of difference with the actual earnings. Additional analysis also finds that’s larger firms have less forecast errors compared to smaller firms. The findings contribute to the growing literature on auditing and financial reporting quality in Australian context.
Effect of Sport Education Model-Based Social-Emotional Learning Program on Emotional Intelligence
Authors: ARIKAN Neslihan
Published: February 2020

In the study, a 16-week SEM-SEL volleyball program was prepared using the Social-Emotional Learning Model (SEL) based on the Sport Education Model (SEM). The goal achievements of SEL are processed and awareness about the goal achievements is provided to the students in the SEM-SEL volleyball program each week. In the study, pattern with experimental pre-test final-test control group was used. Experiment and control groups were formed in all three-school types. The 16-week SEM-SEL program was applied to the students in the experimental groups and the current curriculum was applied to the students in the control groups. The Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEI-S) was used as a data tool. Descriptive statistics and Two-way Covariance Analysis (ANCOVA) were used for data analysis. As a result of the descriptive statistics, it was determined that there were significant differences between the SEI-S total scores of the experiment and control groups; that there was an increase in the emotional intelligence levels of the students in the experiment group and a decrease in the students in the control group. According to ANCOVA, SEI-S final-test total scores were found to have a significant difference in favor of the experimental group and no significant difference in the school type. Consequently, the 16-week SEM-SEL volleyball program was effective in increasing the emotional intelligence levels of the students. Furthermore, it was determined that SEM and SEL were compatible with each other and that SEL had positive results in the field of physical education and sports.
Glyproline Pro-Ampakine with Neuroprotective Activity
Authors: N. Koliasnikova Ksenia , Yu. Povarnina Polina , V. Tallerova Anna , N. Firsova Yulia , V. Nikolaev Sergei , A. Antipova Tatiana , V. Nadorova Anna , G. Kolik Larisa , A. Gudasheva Tatiana , B. Seredenin Sergei
Published: February 2020

Previously it was shown that neuropeptide cyclo-L-prolylglycine (CPG) is a positive modulator of AMPA receptors, which increases BDNF level in neuronal cell cultures. The spectrum of CPG’s pharmacological effects corresponds to that of BDNF. Dipeptide N-phenylacetyl-glycyl-L-proline ethyl ester (GZK-111) was designed and synthesized as a linear analog of CPG. The aim of the present work was to reveal the pharmacological profile of GZK-111. Dipeptide GZK-111 was shown to metabolize into CPG in vitro and increased cell survival by 28% at concentrations of 10-7–10-6 M in a Parkinson’s disease cell model. In a model of cerebral ischemia, GZK-111, at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, i.p., was found to have neuroprotective effects, reducing the cerebral infarct volume by 1.6 times. Similar to CPG, GZK-111, at the range 0.1–1.0 mg/kg, i.p., possessed a stereospecific antiamnesic activity. A significant anxiolytic effect was observed at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg. GZK-111, at the range 0.5–4.0 mg/kg, i.p., demonstrated analgesic activity. GZK-111, at a dose of 10 mg/kg/7 days, i.p., possessed antidepressant-like activity. So, the neuroprotective, nootropic, antihypoxic, anxiolytic, antidepressant-like, and analgesic effects of GZK-111 were revealed. Thus, GZK-111 can be considered as a pharmacologically active pro-ampakine with a BDNF-ergic mechanism of action.
Leverage analysis
Authors: Murphy Ryan , Jones Peter
Published: February 2020

Many systemic design processes include the development and analysis of systems models that represent the issue(s) at hand. In causal loop diagram models, phenomena are graphed as nodes, with connections between them indicating a control relationship. Such models provide mechanisms for stakeholder collaboration, problem finding and generative insight and are powerful . These functions are valued in design thinking, but the potential of these models may yet be unfulfilled. We introduce the notion of “leverage measures” to systemic design, adapting techniques from social network analysis and systems dynamics to uncover key structures, relationships and latent leverage positions of modelled phenomena. We demonstrate their utility in a pilot study. By rethinking the logics of leverage, we make better arguments for change and find the place from which to move the world.
Health Literacy, Knowledge and Self-care Behaviors in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Living in Community
Authors: Yang Seo Hui , Jung Eun Young , Yoo Yang Sook
Published: February 2020

Purpose: This descriptive investigative study was done to identify health literacy, knowledge and self-care behavior of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods: The patients were 206 adults over the age of 19 who were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, taking anti-tuberculosis drugs and receiving care at one of the following: health centers, health center branches, public or privately affiliated hospitals in six cities nationwide. Tools used for the study were health literacy, knowledge and self-care behavior scales regarding pulmonary tuberculosis. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0 to identify frequency and percentages, means and standard deviation using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple-regression analysis.Results: Health literacy in pulmonary tuberculosis patients was found to be lower for men, patients over 60, high school graduation or less, having no religion and no family members living together. For knowledge on tuberculosis, the tuberculosis symptom field was lowest, and self-care behavior was lowest for examinations and drug intake. Factors affecting self-care behavior were knowledge related to tuberculosis prevention examinations, education, health literacy, and living together with family members.Conclusion: In order to completely cure pulmonary tuberculosis and prevent recurrence, customized education is needed according to the patient’s educational background or health literacy, and assertive countermeasures are needed to enhance self-care behavior for examinations and drug intake.
Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic and Antipyretic Properties of Ethanolic Extracts of Three Plants of Beninese’s Pharmacopoeia: Euphorbia hirta, Citrus aurantifolia and Heterotis rotundifolia
Authors: Roko Oladélé Gautier , Dougnon Victorien , Hounkpatin Armelle , Klotoé Jean Robert , Baba-Moussa Lamine
Published: February 2020

Background/Objective: Euphorbia hirta, Citrus aurantifolia and Heterotis rotundifolia are commonly used in Benin in the treatment of infectious diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties of ethanolic extracts of these plants.

Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 30 wistar rats placed in 6 work lots. A positive control lot having received diclofenac and a negative control lot having received physiological water were used. The ethanolic extract of the plants was used at a dose of 200 mg / kg bw. The model of inflammatory edema of the rat paw induced by 2% formalin was used. Analgesic activity was assessed by the pain method induced by 3% acetic acid and the tail immersion method with wistar rats. The antipyretic effect was evaluated on pyrexia induced by brewer's yeast at 20% with wistar rats.

Results: After injection of formalin to animals, inflammatory reaction was almost immediate with appearance of classic signs of acute local inflammation (Redness, pain, heat and edema) at the five experimental groups. This inflammatory reaction occurs in two phases. The first phase occurs between 0 and 2 hours after injection of phlogogenic agent and the second phase, initiated after two hours extending to the fifth hour and even beyond. Administration of these extracts prevents edema inflammatory and inhibition percentages of edema vary between 23.67% and 86.76% for the three extracts. These extracts have similar anti-inflammatory activity (p> 0.05) to that of diclofenac at 50 mg/kg. Analgesic activity show that these extracts inhibit very significantly (p<0.001) chemical pain induced by acetic acid and the highest inhibition percentage is 60.34% (Citrus aurantifolia). This percentage is like to that of acetylsalicylic acid (67.35%) administered at the same dose. Likewise, these extracts attenuate significantly (p <0.05) thermal pain induced by tail immersion of each rat in hot water at 50°C. Indeed, these extracts, reduces very significantly (p <0.001) pyrexia induced by 20% beer yeast suspension in rats and they have similar effect (p> 0.05) to that of acetylsalicylic acid at the fourth hour.

Conclusion: These results show that the plants studied have the pharmacological properties evaluated. These results justify the use of these plants in traditional medicine.
Role of miRNA‐542‐5p in the tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma
Authors: Zhu Tengjiao , Fan Daoyang , Ye Kaifeng , Liu Bingchuan , Cui Zhiyong , Liu Zhongjun , Tian Yun
Published: February 2020

Osteosarcoma, one of the most common malignant bone tumors, is characterized by a high rate of metastasis, and the survival rate of patients with metastatic osteosarcoma is poor. Previous studies have reported that miRNAs often regulate the occurrence and development of various tumors. In this work, we identified miRNA‐542‐5p as a critical miRNA in osteosarcoma by overlapping three Gene Expression Omnibus datasets, and then evaluated miRNA‐542‐5p expression profiles using Gene Expression Omnibus and Sarcoma‐microRNA Expression Database. We used MISIM to investigate miRNAs correlated with miR‐542 and identified potential target genes of miRNA‐542‐5p using miRWalk. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Protein–protein interaction was performed using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes and Cytoscape. We report that the relative level of miRNA‐542‐5p was significantly higher in osteosarcoma than in healthy bone. Expressions of hsa‐miR‐330 and hsa‐miR‐1202 were found to be strongly correlated with that of miR‐542‐5p. Furthermore, we identified a total of 514 down‐regulated genes as possible targets of miR‐542‐5p. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis demonstrated that the putative target genes of miR‐542‐5p were most enriched in the cell‐cycle process. The differentially expressed genes CDCA5, PARP12 and HSPD1 were found to be hub genes in protein–protein interaction networks. Finally, transfection of the osteosarcoma cell line U2OS with miR‐542‐5p mimics or inhibitor revealed that miR‐542‐5p can promote cell proliferation. In conclusion, our results suggest that miR‐542‐5p may promote osteosarcoma proliferation; thus, this miRNA may have potential as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis.
C‐Type Relationship between Critical Time and Evaporation Parameter for Surface Segregation in the Case of Evaporation
Authors: Zheng Lei , Wang Bo , Meng Fangliang , Meng Ye , Cui Fenge , Yun Bing
Published: February 2020

The relationship between the critical time and evaporation parameter is discussed in terms of the kinetic model for surface segregation in the case of evaporation. An interesting phenomenon is observed that the variation of critical time obeys a C‐type law in kinetic curves with different evaporation parameters. The C‐type law of critical time is found to be caused by that of maximum evaporation flux. The existence of C‐type law is proved by the fitted kinetics curve of the Mg surface segregation of Al–0.8 wt% Mg alloy, which confirms the model of surface segregation in the case of evaporation to be reliable.
Human Adventitial Fibroblast Phenotype Depends on the Progression of Changes in Substrate Stiffness
Authors: Scott Rebecca A. , Robinson Karyn G. , Kiick Kristi L. , Akins Robert E.
Published: February 2020

Adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) are major contributors to vascular remodeling and maladaptive cascades associated with arterial disease, where AFs both contribute to and respond to alterations in their surrounding matrix. The relationships between matrix modulus and human aortic AF (AoAF) function are investigated using poly(ethylene glycol)‐based hydrogels designed with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐sensitive and integrin‐binding peptides. Initial equilibrium shear storage moduli for the substrates examined are 0.33, 1.42, and 2.90 kPa; after 42 days of culture, all hydrogels exhibit similar storage moduli (0.3–0.7 kPa) regardless of initial modulus, with encapsulated AoAFs spreading and proliferating. In 10 and 7.5 wt% hydrogels, modulus decreases monotonically throughout culture; however, in 5 wt% hydrogels, modulus increases after an initial 7 days of culture, accompanied by an increase in myofibroblast transdifferentiation and expression of collagen I and III through day 28. Thereafter, significant reductions in both collagens occur, with increased MMP‐9 and decreased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1/‐2 production. Releasing cytoskeletal tension or inhibiting cellular protein secretion in 5 wt% hydrogels block the stiffening of the polymer matrix. Results indicate that encapsulated AoAFs initiate cell‐mediated matrix remodeling and demonstrate the utility of dynamic 3D systems to elucidate the complex interactions between cell behavior and substrate properties.
Site‐Controlled Uniform Ge/Si Hut Wires with Electrically Tunable Spin–Orbit Coupling
Authors: Gao Fei , Wang Jian‐Huan , Watzinger Hannes , Hu Hao , Rančić Marko J. , Zhang Jie‐Yin , Wang Ting , Yao Yuan , Wang Gui‐Lei , Kukučka Josip , Vukušić Lada , Kloeffel Christoph , Loss Daniel , Liu Feng , Katsaros Georgios , Zhang Jian‐Jun
Published: February 2020

Semiconductor nanowires have been playing a crucial role in the development of nanoscale devices for the realization of spin qubits, Majorana fermions, single photon emitters, nanoprocessors, etc. The monolithic growth of site‐controlled nanowires is a prerequisite toward the next generation of devices that will require addressability and scalability. Here, combining top‐down nanofabrication and bottom‐up self‐assembly, the growth of Ge wires on prepatterned Si (001) substrates with controllable position, distance, length, and structure is reported. This is achieved by a novel growth process that uses a SiGe strain‐relaxation template and can be potentially generalized to other material combinations. Transport measurements show an electrically tunable spin–orbit coupling, with a spin–orbit length similar to that of III–V materials. Also, charge sensing between quantum dots in closely spaced wires is observed, which underlines their potential for the realization of advanced quantum devices. The reported results open a path toward scalable qubit devices using nanowires on silicon.
Screen‐Printed Flexible Strain Sensors with Ag Nanowires for Intelligent and Tamper‐Evident Packaging Applications
Authors: Ke Sheng‐Hai , Guo Pan‐Wang , Pang Chuan‐Yuan , Tian Bin , Luo Cheng‐Sheng , Zhu He‐Ping , Wu Wei
Published: February 2020

The printed electronic technology, a simple, low‐cost, and high‐throughput method, exhibits great potential applications in various fields, particularly in intelligent and tamper‐evident packaging. In this study, an all‐printed flexible sensor is prepared for sensing tamper‐evident packaging by screen printing the water‐based silver nanowires (Ag NWs) conductive ink onto a polyethylene terephthalate substrate. This bendable sensor shows a corresponding variation relationship between the resistance of the Ag NWs layer and bending angles. In addition, it presents a stable resistance sensitivity at the bending angles of 45°, 90°, and 135°. The mechanisms of different printed structures on the sensitivity of the sensor have been discussed. The results show that the straight‐line sensor with a linewidth of 2.0 mm has the best sensitive performance (the gauge factors at bending angles of 45°, 90°, and 135° are 37.1, 39.3, and 39, respectively). Moreover, the sensor exhibits a long‐term mechanical cyclic stability (no apparent decay after 1000 bending cycles) and excellent adhesion performance (no distinct increase in resistance after 20 times). Because of the excellent sensing performance, the Ag NWs‐based flexible sensor can accurately detect the opening status of the packaging, showing promising potential for practical tamper‐evident applications.
A Review and Perspective on Cathodoluminescence Analysis of Halide Perovskites
Authors: Guthrey Harvey , Moseley John
Published: February 2020

Halide perovskite solar cells have achieved a certified efficiency of 25.2%, surpassing CdTe and CuInGaSe2, which have long been regarded as the most‐efficient thin‐film photovoltaic materials. As this exciting class of materials continues to mature, researchers will require characterization techniques capable of exposing the interplay among structure, chemistry, and optoelectronic properties to inform processing strategies and increase both device efficiencies and long‐term stability. Cathodoluminescence microscopy is an ideal technique to provide such information due to the high spatial resolution and robust optical information acquired. Here, the current body of work related to cathodoluminescence analysis of halide perovskite materials for optoelectronic applications is surveyed. This review demonstrates how cathodoluminescence can monitor degradation due to environmental stressors, phase segregation resulting from material processing, and other halide perovskite‐centric material issues. A persistent concern associated with e‐beam‐based analysis of halide perovskites is what effect the electron beam has on the material properties being probed. Addressing this, a detailed discussion is provided on the origin of the cathodoluminescence signal and a review of studies focused on revealing changes in the properties of halide perovskites resulting from e‐beam excitation. Finally, a perspective on future opportunities to expand the role of cathodoluminescence analysis for halide perovskites is provided.
Impacts of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy “Greening” Reform on Agricultural Development, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Services
Authors: Hristov Jordan , Clough Yann , Sahlin Ullrika , Smith Henrik G. , Stjernman Martin , Olsson Ola , Sahrbacher Amanda , Brady Mark V.
Published: February 2020

The EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has had limited success in mitigating agriculture's environmental degradation. In this paper we simulate the impacts of the 2013 “greening” reform on biodiversity and ecosystem services in environmentally contrasting landscapes. We do this by integrating an agent‐based model of structural change with spatial ecological production functions, and show that the reform will likely fail to deliver substantial environmental benefits. Our study implies that greening measures need to be tailored to local conditions and priorities, to generate environmental improvements. Such spatial targeting of measures is though incompatible with the design of a common direct payments scheme.
Ethylene regulatory treatment effects on annual bluegrass survival of freezing temperature and ice cover
Authors: Laskowski Kevin , Merewitz Emily
Published: February 2020

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a golf course turfgrass species, often in a mixed stand with creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). Annual bluegrass is more susceptible to ice cover damage than creeping bentgrass. The objective was to determine how fall applications of promotive (1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid [ACC] or ethephon) or inhibitory (ReTain or aminoethoxyvinylglycine [AVG]) substances to ethylene production influence turfgrass quality, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), ethylene production, canopy respiration rates, and recovery from ice encasement under field and/or growth chamber conditions. The field was monitored for fall quality and acclimation parameters, and the growth chamber study was used for ice treatments and recovery of annual bluegrass only, the winter‐sensitive species. Under field conditions, ethephon application increased ethylene production and whole plant respiration of both annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass, and decreased turf quality and NDVI when compared to controls. Ethylene inhibition treatments did not affect turf quality, respiration or NDVI when compared to the untreated controls, but AVG treated annual bluegrass had greater ethylene production than the untreated controls after 35 and 42 d of treatment. In the growth chamber experiment, ethephon decreased annual bluegrass regrowth, while ReTain improved annual bluegrass regrowth after 40 or 80 d of exposure to −4°C with or without ice cover. Treatments that inhibit turfgrass canopy ethylene production may be viable methods to improve annual bluegrass winter survival of ice encasement conditions, and may have no negative effects on creeping bentgrass. Testing these treatments for ice survival under field conditions is still needed.
Aeromedical retrieval for suspected appendicitis in rural and remote paediatric patients
Authors: Harwood Abby , Black Sarah , Sharma Pritish , Bishop Lara , Gardiner Fergus W.
Published: February 2020

Introduction

The aim of this paper was to describe the characteristics of paediatric patients who underwent an aeromedical retrieval within Australia (gender and Indigenous status) for suspected appendicitis between 1 July 2014 and 30 June 2018 (4 years). By understanding these trends, we hope to further justify the need for point‐of‐care ultrasound training for clinicians working in rural and remote Australia.

Method

Participants included Royal Flying Doctor Service (RFDS) patients aged 0–18 years (inclusive) who underwent an aeromedical retrieval for suspected appendicitis within Australia. Data were collected and coded on each patient’s inflight working diagnosis, using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification (ICD‐10‐AM) coding method. A combination of descriptive statistics and chi‐square analyses was used in data analysis, with significance considered at <0.05.

Results

There were 384 children with a working diagnosis of suspected appendicitis, including 191 (49.7%) males and 193 (50.3%) females, with 133 (34.6%) patients identifying as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (hereafter referred to as Indigenous) Australians. The aeromedical retrievals were from rural and remote locations to inner‐regional or metropolitan hospitals, with an average distance flown of 339.0 (SD = 206.4) kilometres. The RFDS most frequently retrieved for acute appendicitis (n = 159; 41.4%), acute abdominal pain (n = 127; 33.1%), and unspecified appendicitis (n = 84; 21.9%). There were non‐significant (P = 0.9) diagnostic differences between genders. Non‐Indigenous patients were overrepresented, compared with Indigenous patients, in relation to a transfer with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis (P = <0.01), whereas Indigenous patients were overrepresented, compared with non‐Indigenous patients, in relation to transfers with diagnoses of acute abdomen pain and unspecified appendicitis (P = <0.01).

Conclusion

A significant number of paediatric patients are aeromedically retrieved from rural and remote locations with a diagnosis of appendicitis or acute abdominal pain. Future research should consider whether training in abdominal point‐of‐care ultrasound reduces retrievals.
Photoluminescent Ferroelastic Molecular Crystals
Authors: Seki Tomohiro , Feng Chi , Kashiyama Kentaro , Sakamoto Shunichi , Takasaki Yuichi , Sasaki Toshiyuki , Takamizawa Satoshi , Ito Hajime
Published: February 2020

Ferroelasticity has been reported for several types of molecular crystals, which show mechanical‐stress‐induced shape change under twinning and/or spontaneous formation of strain. Aiming to create materials that exhibit both ferroelasticity and light‐emission characteristics, we discovered the first examples of ferroelastic luminescent organometallic crystals. Crystals of arylgold(I)(N‐heterocyclic carbene)(NHC) complexes bend upon exposure to anisotropic mechanical stress. X‐ray diffraction analyses and stress‐strain measurements on these ferroelastic crystals confirmed typical ferroelastic behavior, mechanical twinning, and the spontaneous build‐up of strain. A comparison with single‐crystal structures of related gold‐NHC complexes that do not show ferroelasticity shed light on the structural origins of the ferroelastic behavior.
Rational Design of a Two‐Photon Fluorogenic Probe for Visualizing Monoamine Oxidase A Activity in Human Glioma Tissues
Authors: Fang Haixiao , Zhang Hang , Li Lin , Ni Yun , Shi Riri , Li Zheng , Yang Xuekang , Ma Bo , Zhang Chengwu , Wu Qiong , Yu Changmin , Yang Naidi , Yao Shao Q. , Huang Wei
Published: February 2020

Monoamine oxidases have two functionally distinct but structurally similar isoforms (MAO‐A and MAO‐B). The ability to differentiate them by using fluorescence detection/imaging technology is of significant biological relevance, but highly challenging with available chemical tools. Herein, we report the first MAO‐A‐specific two‐photon fluorogenic probe (F1), capable of selective imaging of endogenous MAO‐A enzymatic activities from a variety of biological samples, including MAO‐A‐expressing neuronal SY‐SY5Y cells, the brain of tumor‐bearing mice and human Glioma tissues by using two‐photon fluorescence microscopy (TPFM) with minimal cytotoxicity.
Catalytic Enantioselective Benzilic Ester Rearrangement
Authors: Wu Hua , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping
Published: February 2020

We report the first examples of catalytic enantioselective benzilic ester rearrangement reaction. In the presence of a catalytic amount of Cu(OTf)2 and a chiral box ligand under mild conditions, reaction of 2,3‐diketoesters with alcohols afforded structurally diverse α‐aryl(alkyl) substituted‐α‐hydroxy malonates (tartronic esters) in good to excellent yields with high enantioselectivities. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that hemiketalization, rather than the dynamic kinetic resolution of hemiketal, was the enantiodetermining step under our reaction conditions.
CF3SO2Na as a Bifunctional Reagent: Electrochemical Trifluoromethylation of Alkenes Accompanied by SO2 Insertion to Access Trifluoromethylated Cyclic N‐Sulfonylimines
Authors: Li Zheng , Jiao Lingcong , Sun Yunhai , He Zeying , Wei Zhonglin , Liao Wei‐Wei
Published: February 2020

An unprecedented electrochemical trifluoromethylation/SO2 insertion/cyclization process has been achieved in an undivided cell in an atom‐economic fashion. The protocol relies on tandem cyclization of N‐cyanamide alkenes by using Langlois’ reagent as a source of both CF3 and SO2 under direct anodically oxidative conditions, in which two C−C bonds, two C−X bonds (N−S and S−C), and two rings were formed in a single operation. This transformation enabled efficient construction of various trifluoromethylated cyclic N‐sulfonylimines from readily accessible materials.
Spontaneous Synthesis of Silver‐Nanoparticle‐Decorated Transition‐Metal Hydroxides for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Li Xiaopeng , Zhong Cheng , Zhao Naiqin , Deng Yida , Han Xiaopeng , Hu Wenbin
Published: February 2020

The fabrication of metal‐supported hybrid structures with enhanced properties typically requires external energy input, such as pyrolysis, photolysis, and electrodeposition. In this study, silver‐nanoparticle‐decorated transition‐metal hydroxide (TMH) composites were synthesized by an approach based on a spontaneous redox reaction (SRR) at room temperature. The SRR between silver ions and TMH provides a simple and facile route to establish effective and stable heterostructures that can enhance the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. Ag@Co(OH)x grown on carbon cloth exhibits outstanding OER activity and durability, even superior to IrO2 and many previously reported OER electrocatalysts. Experimental and theoretical analysis demonstrates that the strong electronic interaction between Ag and Co(OH)2 activates the silver clusters as catalytically OER active sites, effectively optimizing the binding energies with reacted intermediates and facilitating the OER kinetics.
Effect of Alkyl Groups in Pyrene Chromophore on the Mechanical Response of Pyrene‐Octafluoronaphthalene Co‐Crystals
Authors: Iwasaki Takanori , Murakami Shin , Takeda Youhei , Tohnai Norimitsu , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: February 2020

Changes in the photophysical properties of pyrene (Py)‐octafluoronaphthalene (OFN) co‐crystals (Py⋅OFN) upon mechanical stimuli are described herein. The Py⋅OFN co‐crystal showed a mechano‐induced bathochromic shift in emission, and a similar tendency was observed for the 1,3,6,8‐tetramethylpyrene‐OFN co‐crystal. These shifts are due to disruption of the microscopic molecular orientation in the co‐crystal, which allows for excimer formation. In sharp contrast to the parent Py⋅OFN and methyl‐substituted Py‐OFN co‐crystals, no mechano‐induced bathochromic shift was observed when longer alkyl chains were introduced to the 1‐, 3‐, 6‐, and 8‐positions of the Py chromophore. This photophysical opposability against mechanical stimuli could be explained by the orthogonally oriented alkyl groups on the Py ring, which existed between two Py cores like pillars. This fixed OFN to maintain the face‐to‐face alternatively stacked structure of the co‐crystal and thus prevented the formation of the Py excimer. The pillar effect demonstrated herein provides a rational design for co‐crystalline systems that are photophysically stable against mechanical stresses.
Polyaniline/Pure Carbon Assemblies as Efficient Self‐standing Metal‐free Oxygen Electrodes in Alkaline Media for Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Zhang You , Liu Jie , Fang Zhengsong , Lin Xiaofeng , Zhang Wenchao , Yu Dingshan
Published: February 2020

A facile design and fabrication of self‐standing metal‐free polyaniline (PANI)@carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite membrane was initially proposed by straightforward noncovalent wrapping the polymer around pure CNTs. Without introduction of extra heteroatoms into CNTs, the optimized PANI@CNTs composite exhibits a much better electrocatalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) than pure CNTs via favorable interfacial modification with PANI to largely expose the active sites of on the surface of pure CNTs. Besides, it displays good oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance. When directly utilized as bifunctional air electrode without extra additive agents, the composite membrane‐enabled rechargeable Zn‐air batteries not only deliver a high peak power density (201.9 W g−1) and a large energy density (850.3 Wh kgZn−1), but also present robust cycling performance for 216 cycles with a high energy efficiency of 57.8%.
An observational study of the inner core structure of Typhoon Meranti (2016) near landfall
Authors: Zhang Xiping , Tang Jie , Wu Chenfeng , Wu Dan
Published: February 2020

When passing by Taiwan, Typhoon Meranti (2016) was deflected northwards and shrank on infrared images, while its intensity maintained above 50 m⋅s–1 with the radius of maximum wind (RMW) smaller than 30 km. In this paper, satellite and ground‐based dual‐Doppler data were adopted to document Meranti's inner core evolution after its interaction with Taiwan's topography. It was found that the eyewall of Meranti was highly asymmetric on radar reflectivity with maximum on the down motion left side during its landfalling stage in Taiwan Strait, whereas the environmental vertical shear (about 3 m⋅s–1) was not favorable for asymmetry of this strength. As Meranti was very close to Taiwan's southern tip when passing by, its deep convection distribution, especially part on the down motion right side, was impaired by the topography of Central Mountain Range, thus contributed to this asymmetry. The eyewall at 1645 UTC was examined in detail, and it was found that the primary circulation with weaker azimuth perturbations remained intact at this time, while vertical circulation differed with direction. Besides, there was a low level northeast‐southwest flow through the eye, same as the direction of Taiwan Strait. Perhaps this radial inflow, along with the primary circulation, had contributed to the maintenance of asymmetry in reflectivity, so the eyewall did not recover in the Strait despite the weak wind shear. In addition, stronger storm‐relative wind asymmetry in the mid‐troposphere was observed. This wind asymmetry was in favor of track deflection, so was the diabatic heating associated the rainfall asymmetry. The channel wind, along with downslope wind from Taiwan, may help to maintain the intensity of Meranti and the smaller RMW, which needed further investigation with high resolution numerical models.
Bayesian estimation and prediction for the transformed Wiener degradation process
Authors: Giorgio Massimiliano , Postiglione Fabio , Pulcini Gianpaolo
Published: February 2020

This paper proposes some Bayesian inferential procedures for the transformed Wiener (TW) process, a new degradation process that has been recently suggested in the literature to describe degradation phenomena where degradation increments are not necessarily positive and depend stochastically on the current degradation level. These procedures have been expressly conceived to allow one incorporating into the inferential process the type of prior information, on meaningful physical characteristics of the observed degradation process, that is generally available in practical settings. Several different prior distributions are proposed, each of them reflecting a specific degree of knowledge on the observed phenomenon. Simple strategies for eliciting the prior hyper‐parameters from the available prior information are provided. Estimates of the TW process parameters and some functions thereof are retrieved by adopting a Monte Carlo Markov Chain technique. Procedures that allow predicting the degradation increment, the useful life of a new unit, and the remaining useful life of a used unit are also provided. Finally, an application is developed on the basis of a set of real degradation measurements of some infrared light‐emitting diodes, widely used in communication systems. The obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed Bayesian approach and the flexibility of the TW process.
Growth of Lattice Coherent Co9S8/Co3O4 Nano‐Heterostructure for Maximizing the Catalysis of Co‐Based Composites
Authors: Peng Dongdong , Zhang Bowei , Wu Junsheng , Huang Kang , Cao Xun , Lu Yu , Zhang Yong , Li Chaojiang , Huang Yizhong
Published: February 2020

Gas purging during electrodeposition has significant influence on microstructures and compositions of materials. Co−Mn LDH was electrodeposited on Ni foam without gas purging. In contrast, the product grown by electrodeposition with N2 purging changes to Co9S8/Co3O4 heterostructure with the assistance of annealing. This remarkable distinction is mainly due to the decrease of concentration of hydroxide ions (produced by the reduction of NO3−) near electrode surface where the ion transport is remarkably enhanced by N2 purging. The heterostructure has shown superior performance for water splitting, especially for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The 250 mV overpotential (@ 10 mA ⋅ cm−2) and 73.54 mV ⋅ dec−1 Tafel slope required for OER are lower than that of the state‐of‐the‐art Co‐based composites. It has also demonstrated excellent durability in alkaline media indicating its promising potential for practical application in industry.
Biohydrogen Production from Organic Waste – A Review
Authors: Sampath P. , Brijesh  , Reddy Kakarla Raghava , Reddy C. Venkata , Shetti Nagaraj P. , Kulkarni Raghavendra V. , Raghu Anjanapura V.
Published: February 2020

Hydrogen fuel is a promising alternative to fossil fuels because of its energy content, clean nature, and fuel efficiency. However, it is not readily available. Most current producion processes are very energy intensive and emit carbon dioxide. Therefore, this article reviews technological options for hydrogen production that are eco‐friendly and generate clean hydrogen fuel. Biological methods, such different fermentation processes and photolysis are discussed together with the required substrates and the process efficiency.