bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced external quantum efficiency in GaN-based vertical-type light-emitting diodes by localized surface plasmons
Authors: Yao Yung-Chi , Hwang Jung-Min , Yang Zu-Po , Haung Jing-Yu , Lin Chia-Ching , Shen Wei-Chen , Chou Chun-Yang , Wang Mei-Tan , Huang Chun-Ying , Chen Ching-Yu , Tsai Meng-Tsan , Lin Tzu-Neng , Shen Ji-Lin , Lee Ya-Ju
Published: March 2016

Enhancement of the external quantum efficiency of a GaN-based vertical-type light emitting diode (VLED) through the coupling of localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance with the wave-guided mode light is studied. To achieve this experimentally, Ag nanoparticles (NPs), as the LSP resonant source, are drop-casted on the most top layer of waveguide channel, which is composed of hydrothermally synthesized ZnO nanorods capped on the top of GaN-based VLED. Enhanced light-output power and external quantum efficiency are observed and the amount of enhancement remains steady with the increase of the injected currents. To understand the observations theoretically, the absorption spectra and the electric field distributions of the VLED with and without Ag NPs decorated on ZnO NRs are determined using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The results prove that the observation of enhancement of the external quantum efficiency can be attributed to the creation of an extra escape channel for trapped light due to the coupling of the LSP with wave-guided mode light, by which the energy of wave-guided mode light can be transferred to the efficient light scattering center of the LSP.
The development of the asymmetrically dominated decoy effect in young children
Authors: Zhen Shanshan , Yu Rongjun
Published: March 2016

One classic example of context-independent violations is the asymmetrically dominated decoy effect, in which adding a decoy option (inferior option) to a set of original options often increases the individual’s preference for one option over the other original option. Despite the prevalence of this effect, little is known about its developmental origins. Moreover, it remains contentious whether the decoy effect is a result of biological evolution or is learned from social experience. Here, we investigated the decoy effect in 3- to 7-year-old children (n = 175) and young adults (n = 52) using a simple perceptual task. Results showed that older children (5-year-olds and 7-year-olds), but not younger children (3-year-olds), exhibited a decoy effect. Nevertheless, children as young as age 5 exhibited a decoy effect that was not significantly different from that shown by young adults. These findings suggest that humans start to appreciate the relative values of options at around age 5.
Mixed hemi/ad-micelle SDS-coated magnetic Fe2−xAlxO3 (x = 0.4) nanoparticles for the capture of gatifloxacin and prulifloxacin coupled with fluorimetric determination
Authors: Du Juanli , Wu Hao , An Yu , Shi Yating , Guo Xiaozhen , Du Liming
Published: March 2016

A mixed hemimicelle solid-phase extraction technique coupled with fluorescence for the extraction of prulifloxacin and gatifloxacin was developed. This method has promising clinical and therapeutic drug monitoring applications.
A comparative computational study of lithium and sodium insertion into van der Waals and covalent tetracyanoethylene (TCNE)-based crystals as promising materials for organic lithium and sodium ion batteries
Authors: Chen Y. , Manzhos S.
Published: March 2016

We present a comparativeab initiostudy of Li and Na insertion in molecular (van der Waals) crystals of TCNE (tetracyanoethylene) as well as in covalent Li/Na-TCNE crystals.
Monocyte cell membrane-derived nanoghosts for targeted cancer therapy
Authors: Krishnamurthy S. , Gnanasammandhan M. K. , Xie C. , Huang K. , Cui M. Y. , Chan J. M.
Published: March 2016

Core–shell type ‘nanoghosts’ were synthesized with a biodegradable PLGA core and a monocyte cell membrane-derived shell. The ∼200 nm doxorubicin-loaded nanoghosts showed greater cellular uptake and cytotoxicity compared to non-coated nanoparticle controls in metastatic MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines.
Rapid synthesis of redox-active dodecaborane B12(OR)12clusters under ambient conditions
Authors: Wixtrom Alex I. , Shao Yanwu , Jung Dahee , Machan Charles W. , Kevork Shaunt N. , Qian Elaine A. , Axtell Jonathan C. , Khan Saeed I. , Kubiak Clifford P. , Spokoyny Alexander M.
Published: March 2016

We have developed a fast and efficient route to obtain perfunctionalized ether-linked alkyl and benzyl derivatives of thecloso-[B12(OH)12]2−icosahedral dodecaborate clusterviamicrowave-assisted synthesis.
The morphology, structure and electrocatalytic ability of graphene prepared with different drying methods
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Ma Meihu , Chen Chan , Cai Zhaoxia , Huang Xi
Published: March 2016

Vacuum drying and freeze drying were used to prepare graphene, and then the morphology and characteristics of the two samples were compared via electron microscopy, spectra analysis, and electrochemical measurements.
The effect of hydrogen on the evolution of intergranular cracking: a cross-scale study using first-principles and cohesive finite element methods
Authors: Wei Xin , Dong Chaofang , Chen Zhanghua , Xiao Kui , Li Xiaogang
Published: March 2016

A combination of first-principles and cohesive finite element (CFE) cross-scale calculations is performed to examine the effect of hydrogen on the intergranular cracking of aluminum.
Core–shell SrTiO3:Yb3+,Er3+@mSiO2 nanoparticles for controlled and monitored doxorubicin delivery
Authors: Li Binbin , Liu Heng , Sun Chuanbin , Ahmad Zeeshan , Ren Zhaohui , Li Xiang , Han Gaorong
Published: March 2016

The investigation of nano-carriers with controllable and trackable drug release kinetics has attracted worldwide attention for theranostic protocols with catabatic side effects.
Diamond@carbon-onion hybrid nanostructure as a highly promising electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Koh Jaekang , Park Sung Hyeon , Chung Min Wook , Lee Seung Yong , Woo Seong Ihl
Published: March 2016

The sp3-hybridized diamond structure was deliberately preserved at the core to retain stability, while modifying the sp2-hybridized surface carbon layers to enhance the ORR activity.
Cross-linked single-walled carbon nanotube aerogel electrodes via reductive coupling chemistry
Authors: De Marco Martina , Markoulidis Foivos , Menzel Robert , Bawaked Salem M. , Mokhtar Mohamed , Al-Thabaiti Shaeel A. , Basahel Sulaiman N. , Shaffer Milo S. P.
Published: March 2016

Spontaneously-dissolved, negatively-charged SWCNTs were cross-linked using p-diiodobenzene to produce ultralight, high surface area cryogels with high conductivity, suitable for supercapacitors application.
Realization of high performance flexible wire supercapacitors based on 3-dimensional NiCo2O4/Ni fibers
Authors: Ramadoss Ananthakumar , Kang Kyeong-Nam , Ahn Hyo-Jin , Kim Sun-I , Ryu Seung-Tak , Jang Ji-Hyun
Published: March 2016

A highly-porous, binder free 3D-NiCo2O4/Ni nanostructure on the Ni-wire was fabricated for flexible fiber supercapacitors. The fabricated device exhibited enhanced capacitance, high efficiency, good cycling stability, and flexibility.
Chemical vapor deposition of ruthenium-based layers by a single-source approach
Authors: Jeschke Janine , Möckel Stefan , Korb Marcus , Rüffer Tobias , Assim Khaybar , Melzer Marcel , Herwig Gordon , Georgi Colin , Schulz Stefan E. , Lang Heinrich
Published: March 2016

Single-source precursors Ru(CO)2(P(n-Bu)3)2(O2CR)2 allow the successful deposition of Ru(P) layers by the CVD process.
Improving the prediction of organism-level toxicity through integration of chemical, protein target and cytotoxicity qHTS data
Authors: Allen Chad H. G. , Koutsoukas Alexios , Cortés-Ciriano Isidro , Murrell Daniel S. , Malliavin Thérèse E. , Glen Robert C. , Bender Andreas
Published: March 2016

Using three descriptor domains – encoding complementary bioactivity data – enhances the predictive power, applicability, and interpretability of rat acute-toxicity classifiers.
Express standardization of sulfide solutions using voltammetric titration on two points
Authors: Skiba Tatyana V. , Zakharchuk Nina F. , Borisova Natalya S.
Published: March 2016

A new method called voltammetric titration on two points for express (≤5 min) standardization of unstable sulfide solutions has been developed.
Oxidation of NO˙ by small oxygen species HO2−and O2˙−: the role of negative charge, electronic spin and water solvation
Authors: Ryding Mauritz Johan , Fernández Israel , Uggerud Einar
Published: March 2016

Oxidation of NO˙ into NO2−occurs upon reaction with HO2−(H2O)nclusters but not with O2˙−(H2O)nclusters.
Adamantane derivatives of sulfonamides: sublimation, solubility, solvation and transfer processes in biologically relevant solvents
Authors: Perlovich G. L. , Volkova T. V. , Sharapova A. V. , Kazachenko V. P. , Strakhova N. N. , Proshin A. N.
Published: March 2016

Eight adamantane derivatives of sulfonamides were synthesized and characterized.
One-dimensional ionic self-assembly in a fluorous solution: the structure of tetra-n-butylammonium tetrakis[3,5-bis(perfluorohexyl)phenyl]borate in perfluoromethylcyclohexane by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS)
Authors: Rubinson Kenneth A. , Bühlmann Philippe , Allison Thomas C.
Published: March 2016

Fluorous liquids are the least polarizable condensed phases known, and their nonpolar members form solutions with conditions the closest to being in vacuo.
Frozen-density embedding theory with average solvent charge densities from explicit atomistic simulations
Authors: Laktionov Andrey , Chemineau-Chalaye Emilie , Wesolowski Tomasz A.
Published: March 2016

Besides molecular electron densities obtained within the Born–Oppenheimer approximation (ρB(r)) to represent the environment, the ensemble averaged density (〈ρB〉(r)) is also admissible in frozen-density embedding theory (FDET) [Wesolowski, Phys. Rev. A, 2008, 77, 11444].
Towards rational design of core–shell catalytic nanoreactor with high performance catalytic hydrogenation of levulinic acid
Authors: Banerjee Biplab , Singuru Ramana , Kundu Sudipta K. , Dhanalaxmi Karnekanti , Bai Linyi , Zhao Yanli , Reddy Benjaram Mahipal , Bhaumik Asim , Mondal John
Published: March 2016

Core–shell catalytic nanoreactor was designed, exhibiting high catalytic activity for levulinic acid hydrogenation.
Aggregation of the metallocycles {Cu8} and {Cu20} using [Cu(bp)] units (H2bp = bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)amine): structures and magnetic properties
Authors: Xu Mei-Yu , Wang Ya-Ting , Ni Qing-Ling , Zhang Zi-Hao , Wang Xiu-Jian , Liang Guang-Ming , Gui Liu-Cheng
Published: March 2016

Metallocyclic complexes of Cu8 and Cu20 were created based on the structural constraint of bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)amine.
Red-light activated photoCORMs of Mn(i) species bearing electron deficient 2,2′-azopyridines
Authors: Kottelat E. , Ruggi A. , Zobi F.
Published: March 2016

A family of carbonyl Mn(i) complexes capable of releasing CO when triggered with red light (≥ 625 nm) is reported. The species are activated by irradiation of their MLCT bands in the 630–690 nm range.
A general route to fluorinated 3,3-disubstituted 2-oxindoles via a photoinduced radical cyclization of N-arylacrylamides under catalyst-free conditions
Authors: An Yuanyuan , Li Yuewen , Wu Jie
Published: March 2016

A catalyst-free radical cyclization of N-arylacrylamides with fluorinated alkyl iodides or the Togni reagent enabled by photoenergy is reported, leading to fluorinated 2-oxindoles in good yields. The broad reaction scope is demonstrated with good functional group tolerance.
ZLD1122, a novel EZH2 and EZH1 small molecular inhibitor, blocks H3K27 methylation and diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell growth
Authors: Gao Tiantao , Zhang Lidan , Zhu Yongxia , Song Xuejiao , Feng Qiang , Lei Qian , Shi Suxia , Deng Hongxia , Xiong Menghua , You Xinyu , Zuo Weiqiong , Liu Li , Peng Cuiting , Wang Ningyu , Ye Tinghong , Xia Yong , Yu Luoting
Published: March 2016

Here, we reported a novel, selective, small-molecule inhibitor of EZH2 and EZH1 synthesized by us, ZLD1122, which inhibited both EZH1 and wild type and mutant EZH2 activities with nanomolar potency.
Preparation of well-defined fibrous hydrogels via electrospinning and in situ “click chemistry”
Authors: Ding JingJing , Zhou Chao , Li KeWen , Zhang AoKai , Yao Fang , Xu LiQun , Fu GuoDong
Published: March 2016

Well-defined fibrous hydrogels were prepared via electrospinning and in situ CuAAC reaction, acting as a reusable catalyst for CuAAC reaction.
Effect of the bis-imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid) on the microstructure and the properties of AAEMs based on polyvinyl alcohol
Authors: Yang Yi , Sun Na , Sun Panpan , Zheng Liqiang
Published: March 2016

The conductivity of AAEMs can be improved by building the ionic channel based on bis-imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid).
The first total synthesis of potent antitumoral (±)-mafaicheenamine A, unnatural 6-fluoromafaicheenamine A and expedient synthesis of clausine E
Authors: Abbas Yasir , Mansha Muhammad , Ullah Nisar
Published: March 2016

The first total synthesis of potent antitumoral mafaicheenamine A (1) and its unnatural analogue, 6-fluoromafaicheenamine A (2) have been accomplished.
Dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles modified with β-cyclodextrin for enhanced gene delivery applications
Authors: Qiu Jieru , Kong Lingdan , Cao Xueyan , Li Aijun , Tan Hongru , Shi Xiangyang
Published: March 2016

Dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles modified with β-cyclodextrin can be synthesized and used as a non-viral vector for enhanced gene delivery applications.
Chemistry and properties at a sub-nanometer scale
Authors: Ni Bing , Wang Xun
Published: March 2016

Ultrathin materials at a sub-nanometer scale not only feature atomic scale size, but also possess unprecedented properties compared to conventional nanomaterials.
CoP2nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide sheets as a super-efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for full water splitting
Authors: Wang Jianmei , Yang Wenrong , Liu Jingquan
Published: March 2016

CoP2nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide sheet (CoP2/RGO) acts as a super-efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for full water splitting.
A photochromic dual-functional Mg-CP exhibits white-emission after modification with CuI
Authors: Wu Zhao-Feng , Tan Bin , Xie Zai-Lai , Fu Jing-Jing , Huang Xiao-Ying
Published: March 2016

A 3D host–guest Mg-CP exhibits reversible photochromic behavior and emits white light after being post-modified with CuI.
The different catalytic roles of the metal-binding ligands in human 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
Authors: Huang Chih-Wei , Liu Hsiu-Chen , Shen Chia-Pei , Chen Yi-Tong , Lee Sung-Jai , Lloyd Matthew D. , Lee Hwei-Jen
Published: March 2016

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) is a non-haem iron(II)-dependent oxygenase that catalyses the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP) to homogentisate (HG). In the active site, a strictly conserved 2-His-1-Glu facial triad co-ordinates the iron ready for catalysis. Substitution of these residues resulted in about a 10-fold decrease in the metal binding affinity, as measured by isothermal titration calorimetry, and a large reduction in enzyme catalytic efficiencies. The present study revealed the vital role of the ligand Glu349 in enzyme function. Replacing this residue with alanine resulted in loss of activity. The E349G variant retained 5% activity for the coupled reaction, suggesting that co-ordinating water may be able to support activation of the trans-bound dioxygen upon substrate binding. The reaction catalysed by the H183A variant was fully uncoupled. H183A variant catalytic activity resulted in protein cleavage between Ile267 and Ala268 and the production of an N-terminal fragment. The H266A variant was able to produce 4-hydroxyphenylacetate (HPA), demonstrating that decarboxylation had occurred but that there was no subsequent product formation. Structural modelling of the variant enzyme with bound dioxygen revealed the rearrangement of the co-ordination environment and the dynamic behaviour of bound dioxygen in the H266A and H183A variants respectively. These models suggest that the residues regulate the geometry of the reactive oxygen intermediate during the oxidation reaction. The mutagenesis and structural simulation studies demonstrate the critical and unique role of each ligand in the function of HPPD, and which correlates with their respective co-ordination position.
Plasma levels of oxidative stress-responsive apoptosis inducing protein (ORAIP) in rats subjected to physicochemical oxidative stresses
Authors: Yao Takako , Fujimura Tsutomu , Murayama Kimie , Seko Yoshinori
Published: March 2016

Oxidative stress is known to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various disorders including atherosclerosis, aging and especially ischaemia/reperfusion injury. It causes cell damage that leads to apoptosis. However, the precise mechanism has been uncertain. Recently, we identified an apoptosis-inducing humoral factor in a hypoxia/reoxygenated medium of cardiac myocytes. We named this novel post-translationally modified secreted form of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) as oxidative stress-responsive apoptosis inducing protein (ORAIP). We developed a sandwich ELISA and confirmed that myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion markedly increased plasma levels of ORAIP. To investigate whether the role of ORAIP is common to various types of oxidative stress, we measured plasma ORAIP levels in rats subjected to three physicochemical models of oxidative stress including N2/O2 inhalation, cold/warm-stress (heat shock) and blood acidification. In all three models, plasma ORAIP levels significantly increased and reached a peak level at 10–30 min after stimulation, then decreased within 60 min. The (mean±S.E.M.) plasma ORAIP levels before and after (peak) stimulation were (16.4±9.6) and (55.2±34.2) ng/ml in N2/O2 inhalation, (14.1±12.4) and (34.3±14.6) ng/ml in cold/warm-stress, and (18.9±14.3) and (134.0±67.2) ng/ml in blood acidification study. These data strongly suggest that secretion of ORAIP in response to oxidative stress is universal mechanism and plays an essential role. ORAIP will be an important novel biomarker as well as a specific therapeutic target of these oxidative stress-induced cell injuries.
Adaptive estimation of parameters of multiplicative cascade‐based network traffic model in wavelet domain
Authors: Rocha F.G.C. , Vieira F.H.T.
Published: March 2016

An adaptive and recursive approach to the network traffic modelling taking into account multifractal characteristics of the network traffic flows is proposed. To this end, equations for some statistics of the scaling coefficients and for the model multipliers in order to develop a new algorithm that enables the adaptive estimation of parameters of a multiplicative cascade in the wavelet domain are presented. Simulations and comparisons with other three important models in the literature were carried out in order to verify the performance of the proposed approach.
Unified saturated proportional derivative control framework for asymptotic stabilisation of spacecraft
Authors: Su Yuxin , Zheng Chunhong
Published: March 2016

In this study, the authors propose a unified approach to saturated proportional derivative (SPD) controller design for asymptotic attitude stabilisation of spacecraft subject to actuator constraints. It is shown that a class of simple and high computation efficient SPD controller can ensure asymptotic stabilisation of spacecraft with actuator constraints. The proposed SPD controller utilises the general saturation function, and thus provides a unified framework for asymptotic stable control design of spacecraft subject to actuator constraints. Advantages of the proposed design framework include the intuitive structure, high computation efficiency, easy implementation and asymptotic stabilisation with the ability to ensure that actuator constraints are not violated. This is accomplished by selecting control gains a priori. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and the improved performance of the proposed approach.
Design of the output sliding mode controller for MI non‐linear perturbed systems
Authors: Chang Yaote , Chou Jyh‐Horng
Published: March 2016

An output sliding mode controller for a class of multi‐input non‐linear systems with non‐linear mismatched perturbations is proposed by using the Lyapunov stability theorem to solve the regulation problems. An auxiliary dynamic equation is used to estimate unknown states and to depress non‐linear perturbations in the control system. Design variables embedded in the auxiliary equation are utilised in the novel sliding surface so that asymptotic stability of controlled system can be achieved when the system is in the sliding mode. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed methodology is demonstrated in two examples, including a servo position control system.
Simultaneous control and fault detection for discrete‐time switched delay systems under the improved persistent dwell time switching
Authors: Zhong Guang‐Xin , Yang Guang‐Hong
Published: March 2016

This study is devoted to simultaneous control and fault detection for discrete‐time delay switched systems. In the persistent dwell time (PDT) switching framework, a more general switching law is designed, where the resulting PDT is dependent on the state delay. For delay switched systems, the result shows the relation between PDT and state delay. More importantly, it also includes the previous delay‐independent results in special case. Next, under the switching law, the time‐varying output‐feedback‐based controller/residual generators are provided such that the closed‐loop system is with the non‐weighted H_ index for fault and l2 ‐gain for disturbance. Compared with the existing method under the average dwell time switching, the method proposed here leads to better fault sensitivity. Finally, a simulation example is exploited to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Power‐based supervisory control theory of hybrid systems and its application to the analysis of financial crisis
Authors: Park Seong‐Jin , Cho Kwang‐Hyun
Published: March 2016

The authors study how n local supervisors with individual control objectives can achieve a common goal by modular control based on power in a hybrid system framework. Each local supervisor is an observer designed with its own objective for an approximated finite state machine of a hybrid plant based on the l ‐complete approximation scheme of Moor et al. in 2002. We present the notion of power observability of the common control objective and show that, if the common specification is controllable and power observable with respect to an approximated model, then n local supervisors can achieve the control objective of the hybrid plant. Then, we apply the proposed power‐based modular control theory to the analysis of the financial crisis occurred in 2008. The power observability explains how the deregulation policies leading to the crisis could be pursued. While the small elite group of politicians and bankers could set the policies with inordinate power based on full information, most public people were ignorant and unconcerned about the policies, and hence did not oppose them.
Fast non‐local means with size‐adaptive search window
Authors: Yu Hancheng , Tan Min
Published: March 2016

In this study, the authors present a fast non‐local means (NLM) image denoising algorithm with size‐adaptive search window. On the basis of the edge gradient and direction of the noisy image, the proposed fast scheme divides all the pixels into significant edge, moderate edge or non‐edge region, and the size of the search window for most pixels which belong to non‐edge region can be reduced. The proposed fast scheme also adopts different strategies to pre‐select similar patches in the search window for efficient NLM denoising. Experimental results show that compared with the standard NLM method, the proposed fast scheme achieves a substantial reduction in computational cost and improvement in the denoising performance, both in terms of visual quality and numerical results.
Determination of the effective anisotropy constant of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles through the T-dependence of the coercive field
Authors: Carvalho M. H. , Lima R. J. S. , Meneses C. T. , Folly W. S. D. , Sarmento V. H. V. , Coelho A. A. , Duque J. G. S.
Published: March 2016

We present a systematic study of the coercive field of CoFe2O4–SiO2 nanocomposites. The samples were prepared via the sol-gel method by using the Tetraethyl Orthosilicate as starting reagent. Results of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray fluorescence confirm the dispersion of the magnetic nanoparticles inside the silica matrix. In addition, the shift in the maximum of Zero-Field-Cooled curves observed by varying the weight ratio of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles to the precursor of silica is consistent with the increasing of average interparticle distances. Because our samples present a particle size distribution, we have used a generalized model which takes account such parameter to fit the experimental data of coercive field extracted from the magnetization curves as a function of applied field. Unlike most of the coercive field results reported in the literature for this material, the use of this model provided a successful description of the temperature dependence of the coercive field of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles in a wide temperature range. Surprisingly, we have observed the decreasing of the nanoparticles anisotropy constant in comparison to the bulk value expected for the material. We believe that this can be interpreted as due to both the migration of the Co2+ from octahedral to tetrahedral sites.
Research Update: Spin transfer torques in permalloy on monolayer MoS2
Authors: Zhang Wei , Sklenar Joseph , Hsu Bo , Jiang Wanjun , Jungfleisch Matthias B. , Xiao Jiao , Fradin Frank Y. , Liu Yaohua , Pearson John E. , Ketterson John B. , Yang Zheng , Hoffmann Axel
Published: March 2016

We observe current induced spin transfer torque resonance in permalloy (Py) grown on monolayer MoS2. By passing rf current through the Py/MoS2 bilayer, field-like and damping-like torques are induced which excite the ferromagnetic resonance of Py. The signals are detected via a homodyne voltage from anisotropic magnetoresistance of Py. In comparison to other bilayer systems with strong spin-orbit torques, the monolayer MoS2 cannot provide bulk spin Hall effects and thus indicates the purely interfacial nature of the spin transfer torques. Therefore our results indicate the potential of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide for the use of interfacial spin-orbitronics applications.
Evidence for ferromagnetic coupling at the doped topological insulator/ferrimagnetic insulator interface
Authors: Liu Wenqing , He Liang , Zhou Yan , Murata Koichi , Onbasli Mehmet C. , Ross Caroline A. , Jiang Ying , Wang Yong , Xu Yongbing , Zhang Rong , Wang Kang. L.
Published: March 2016

One of the major obstacles of the magnetic topological insulators (TIs) impeding their practical use is the low Curie temperature (Tc). Very recently, we have demonstrated the enhancement of the magnetic ordering in Cr-doped Bi2Se3 by means of proximity to the high-Tc ferrimagnetic insulator (FMI) Y3Fe5O12 and found a large and rapidly decreasing penetration depth of the proximity effect, suggestive of a different carrier propagation process near the TI surface. Here we further present a study of the interfacial magnetic interaction of this TI/FMI heterostrucutre. The synchrotron-based X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) technique was used to probe the nature of the exchange coupling of the Bi2−xCrxSe3/Y3Fe5O12 interface. We found that the Bi2−xCrxSe3 grown on Y3Fe5O12(111) predominately contains Cr3+ cations, and the spin direction of the Cr3+ is aligned parallel to that of tetrahedral Fe3+ of the YIG, revealing a ferromagnetic exchange coupling between the Bi2−xCrxSe3 and the Y3Fe5O12.
Domain stability and polar-vortex transformations controlled by mechanical loads in soft ferromagnetic nanodots
Authors: Sheng Qiang , Liu X. L. , Chen W. J. , Xiong W. M. , Jiang G. L. , Zheng Yue
Published: March 2016

Phase field simulations are performed to investigate the domain structures of soft ferromagnetic nanodots. It is found that the stability of the domain state is sensitive to its lateral dimensions. As the lateral dimensions increase, the stable domain state gradually changes from polar to vortex, with a transitional region where both the two ordered states are stable. Interestingly, the phase diagram is also a strong function of mechanical loads. By appropriately choosing the lateral dimensions, transformations between polar and vortex states can be induced or controlled by mechanical loads. The study provides instructive information for the applications of ferromagnetic nanostructures.
Magnetic spectra and Richter aftereffect relaxation in CexY3−xFe5O12 ferrites
Authors: Chen Fu , Wang Xian , Feng Zekun , Chen Yajie , Harris Vincent G.
Published: March 2016

The static and dynamic magnetic properties of cerium (Ce) doped yttrium iron garnet CexY3−xFe5O12 (x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) ferrites (YIG) have been reported in this work. The ferrites were fabricated by the traditional solid-state reaction method. All ferrite samples reveal pure garnet structure identified by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The substitution of cerium not only enhances the saturation magnetization of the samples, but also regulates the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant K1. Obvious differences in permeability spectra over a frequency of 1 MHz - 1 GHz can be observed. It is verified that the permeability dispersion and magnetic losses of Ce-doped YIG ferrite contain the contribution of Richter aftereffect relaxation due to the existence of Fe2+ ions. The fitting results of the permeability spectra applied three-mechanism model is in good agreement with experimental data, which successfully explains the mechanisms of magnetic losses observed at 1 MHz to 1 GHz for Ce-doped YIG ferrite. In addition, the frequency shift of Richter aftereffect has also been discussed.
Polyelectrolyte-Assisted Immobilization of Oil-Based Nanocapsules on Cotton Fabric
Authors: Iamphaojeen Yuwanda , Manian Avinash P. , Wright Tom , Caven Barnaby , Bechtold Thomas , Siriphannon Punnama
Published: March 2016

Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-encapsulated n-octadecane nanocapsules (PDDA-Oc-cap) were easily immobilized on cationized cotton at ambient temperature using poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS) as a binder. The cationized cotton was first treated with 1–50 mM of PSS and then soaked in the PDDA-Oc-cap emulsion in order to obtain stepwise PSS/PDDA-Oc-cap coating layers on the cationized cotton (Cat-cot/PSS/PDDA-Oc-cap). The negative molecules of PSS binder spontaneously attached to the cationized cotton and then acted as negative sites for further immobilization of positively charged PDDA-Oc-cap via electrostatic interaction. Uniform globular particles of PDDA-Oc-cap were observed on the surfaces of Cat-cot/PSS/PDDA-Oc-cap samples in the field-emission scanning electron microscopy images. The positive zeta potential was obtained in the Cat-cot/PSS/PDDA-Oc-cap samples due to the deposition of the positively charged PDDA-Oc-cap on cotton fabric. In addition, the Cat-cot/PSS/PDDA-Oc-cap samples preferentially adsorbed anionic dye eosin B over cationic dye methylene blue. Higher PSS concentrations used in the treatment resulted in higher quantities of PDDA-Oc-cap immobilized on the fabrics, resulting in the concomitant increase of eosin B adsorption. These results suggested that the PSS-assisted immobilization was an efficient alternative method for textile finishing.
The composition and health of fishes in residual dry season habitats in southern Africa (Strauch et al. 2015)
Authors: Marshall Brian , Chakona Albert , Tweddle Denis , Skelton Paul , Bills Roger , Minshull John
Published: March 2016

A recent paper on the composition and health of fish in refugia habitats in seasonal tributaries of the Zambezi River in southern Africa contains several errors. These include the misidentification of species and a misunderstanding of the zoogeography of the Zambezi River. There were also several weaknesses in the data analysis and some conclusions were based on misinterpretations of their own data and the literature. The authors should have considered regional literature and worked with southern African ichthyologists to prevent these errors.
Conservation Science Statement. The demise of New Zealand's freshwater flora and fauna: a forgotten treasure
Authors: Weeks Emily S. , Death Russell G. , Foote Kyleisha , Anderson-Lederer Rosalynn , Joy Michael K. , Boyce Paul
Published: March 2016

New Zealand’s freshwater ecosystems support a diverse and unique array of endemic flora and fauna. However, the conservation of its freshwater biodiversity is often overlooked in comparison to terrestrial and marine environments, and is under increasing threat from agricultural intensification, urbanisation, climate change, invasive species, and water abstraction. New Zealand has some of the highest levels of threatened freshwater species in the world with, for example, up to 74% of native freshwater fish listed as endangered or at risk. Threatened species are often discounted in water policy and management that is predominantly focussed on balancing water quality and economic development rather than biodiversity. We identify six clear actions to redress the balance of protecting New Zealand’s freshwater biodiversity:
1. change legislation to adequately protect native and endemic fish species and invertebrates, including those harvested commercially and recreationally;
2. protect habitat critical to the survival of New Zealand’s rare and range-restricted fish, invertebrate and plant freshwater species;
3. include river habitat to protect ecosystem health in the National Objectives Framework for the National Policy Statement for freshwater;
4. establish monitoring and recovery plans for New Zealand’s threatened freshwater invertebrate fauna;
5. develop policy and best management practices for freshwater catchments in addition to lakes and rivers to also include wetlands, estuaries, and groundwater ecosystems; and
6. establish, improve, and maintain appropriately wide riparian zones that connect across entire water catchments.
We have published these recommendations as a scientific statement prepared for the Oceania Section of the Society for Conservation Biology to facilitate communication of our thoughts to as wide an audience as possible (https://conbio.org/images/content_groups/Oceania/Scientific_Statement_1_.pdf, accessed 8 February 2016).
Synthesising empirical results to improve predictions of post-wildfire runoff and erosion response
Authors: Shakesby Richard A. , Moody John A. , Martin Deborah A. , Robichaud Peter R.
Published: March 2016

Advances in research into wildfire impacts on runoff and erosion have demonstrated increasing complexity of controlling factors and responses, which, combined with changing fire frequency, present challenges for modellers. We convened a conference attended by experts and practitioners in post-wildfire impacts, meteorology and related research, including modelling, to focus on priority research issues. The aim was to improve our understanding of controls and responses and the predictive capabilities of models. This conference led to the eight selected papers in this special issue. They address aspects of the distinctiveness in the controls and responses among wildfire regions, spatiotemporal rainfall variability, infiltration, runoff connectivity, debris flow formation and modelling applications. Here we summarise key findings from these papers and evaluate their contribution to improving understanding and prediction of post-wildfire runoff and erosion under changes in climate, human intervention and population pressure on wildfire-prone areas.
The time course of long-distance anaphor processing in Korean
Authors: Han Chung-hye , Storoshenko Dennis Ryan , Leung Betty Hei Man , Kim Kyeong-min
Published: March 2016

While early studies on the Korean long distance anaphor caki describe it to be subject-oriented in that it can
only take subject antecedents, similarly to long distance anaphors in many other languages, more recent studies observe that it
can take non-subject antecedents as well, especially in the context of certain verbs. This paper presents a visual-world
eye-tracking study that tested whether the antecedent potential of caki in an embedded subject position is a
function of the matrix subject, the matrix verb, or both, and whether the subject and the verb effects constrain the
interpretation of caki in the same way as null pronouns, a commonly used pronominal form in Korean. These
questions were addressed through an investigation of how the subject effect and the verb effect were manifested in processing
these pronouns. We found that when caki, but not null pronouns, was first processed, there were more fixations to
the images representing the matrix subject than the images representing the matrix object regardless of the matrix verb. We
further found that the proportions of fixations to the images in both caki and null trials changed after the
processing of some sentential verbs. These findings demonstrate that while null pronoun interpretation is a function of the verb
effect only, caki-interpretation is a function of both the subject and the verb effect, supporting a
multiple-constraints approach to anaphor resolution.
Decomposing complex serialization
Authors: Ko Heejeong , Sohn Daeyoung
Published: March 2016

This paper investigates the role of merger and the typology ofvin the syntax of Serial Verb Constructions (SVCs) in Korean. Some SVCs with a derivational suffix (e.g. a causative/passivev) in Korean display distinct behavior from the others. We argue that this is due to different syntactic structures among SVCs and that SVCs in Korean must be divided into two sub-types: H(igh)-SVC and L(ow)-SVC. Specifically, we propose that different types of SVCs result from different merger sites of the derivationalvhead. An H-SVC results when a causative or passivevhead is merged to a verb before it is serialized with another verb; an L-SVC results when verbal serialization occurs prior to the merger of the derivationalvhead. We then turn our attention to a condition on verbal serialization, and propose that verbs can be serialized only when theirvheads bear the specific identical property of introducing an external argument. We show that our matching condition coupled with the proposed dichotomy of SVCs has broader empirical coverage than the previous analyses. Theoretically, our study supports the claim that the morphology and the syntax are intertwined so that the attachment site of derivational suffixes may vary in syntax. Our argument also provides novel support for the finer-grained classification ofvheads.
Reformulation markers and polyphony
Authors: Murillo Silvia
Published: March 2016

Reformulation markers (RMs) —in other words,that is,that is to say,i.e.andnamelyin English, andes decir,o sea,esto esanda saberin Spanish — are used to articulate different voices (Ducrot, 1984) or points of view (Anscombre, 1990; Nølke et al., 2004) in discourse. This paper offers a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the RMs found in a corpus of journalistic English and Spanish according to their different polyphonic arrangements. The theoretical framework used is a combination of insights from Relevance Theory — to explain the general role and the specific functions of RMs in the two languages —, and the Theory of Argumentation in Language — to account for their polyphonic meaning. The results show that instances of a high degree of polyphony are generally associated with particular discourse processes introduced by RMs, related to more interpretive uses such as definition, conclusion and consequence. However, significant differences emerge in the comparison of the specific RMs in English and in Spanish. Although the markers are often regarded as synonyms within each language or directly translatable from one language to another, their polyphonic potential may be considered a differentiating element between some of them.
Electrifying the lexical decision
Authors: Azevedo Nancy , Atchley Ruth Ann , Kehayia Eva
Published: March 2016

The current research utilizes lexical decision within an oddball ERP paradigm to study early lexical processing. Nineteen undergraduate students completed four blocks of the oddball lexical decision task (Nonword targets among Words, Word targets among Nonwords, Word targets among Pseudowords, and Pseudoword targets among Words). We observed a reliable P3 ERP component in conditions where the distinction between rare and frequent trials could be made solely based on lexical status (Words among Nonwords and Nonwords among Words). We saw a reliable P3 to rare words among frequent pseudowords, but no P3 was observed when participants were asked to detect pseudowords in the context of frequent word stimuli. We argue that this observed modulation of the P3 results is consistent with psycholinguistic literature that suggests that two criteria are available during lexical access when performing a lexicality judgement, a non-lexical criterion that relies on global activation at the word level and a lexical criterion that relies on activation of a lexical representation (Coltheart, Rastle, Perry, Langdon, & Ziegler, 2001; Grainger & Jacobs, 1996).
Metrical systems of Celtic traditions
Authors: Stifter David
Published: March 2016

On the basis of fragmentary evidence from the ancient Celtic languages (e.g., Gaulish), but especially from the rich poetic heritage of the medieval Insular Celtic languages (e.g., Old Irish, Middle Welsh), the poetic terminology reconstructable for Common Celtic is presented. The possible metrical remains from ancient Celtic are reviewed and an attempt is made to identify their principles of versification. The characteristics of the medieval Irish and medieval British systems of versification are described. Finally, the question of the genetic relationship of ancient and medieval Celtic versification is discussed, and the possible relationship of Celtic with neighbouring Germanic, especially medieval Scandinavian, traditions is briefly reviewed.
Nets, Lures, and Camouflage
Authors: Arrigoni Martelli Cristina
Published: March 2016

This essay is about those many hunters in northern and central Italy who captured birds (mostly) for commercial reasons, far from the glamorous performances of aristocratic falconry. It investigates their techniques and practices in the context of their local environments and socio-cultural frameworks. While birds were status food, hunting them thus mostly amounted to a marginal economic activity. The variously wary nature of their target species, and the necessarily repetitive nature of commercial hunting warranted practices in which the hunter’s profile was consistently very low, and in which unsuspecting birds were attracted and captured on the basis of their ecological behavior. The paper is based on Book X of Pier de’ Crescenzi’s early fourteenth century manual Ruralia Commodorum as well as a series of Italian documentary sources from Venice and Tuscany and argues that in late medieval Italy such hunting knowledge was predominantly part of an oral tradition. These sources point both to actual use of certain practices in bird hunting as well as suggesting the modus operandi of the hunters, keen and dynamic observers and users of their local natural environments.
La coesione testuale dei lanci di agenzia
Authors: Pecorari Filippo
Published: March 2016

This study examines forms and functions of higher-order anaphora in a corpus of Italian news reports. Quantitative analysis shows a correlation between the size of the text and the subtype of anaphora (anaphoric encapsulation is more frequent in shorter texts, strict coreference in longer ones). A very common pattern of encapsulation is realised by the cliticloas the topical object of a verb of saying, with the function of ascribing the news to an external source. As far as lexical encapsulations are concerned, information structure and syntactic form display unexpected results: non-topical and definite NPs outnumber topical and demonstrative ones. Finally, the relation between anaphora and the logical dimension of texts is highlighted through the analysis of relational encapsulations.
Elementos diferenciales en el español atlántico
Authors: Cáceres-Lorenzo M. Teresa
Published: March 2016

In the Canary Islands, the Spanish Atlantic regional lexicon shows resemblance to the lexicon from Andalusia and west mainland Spain. This shared vocabulary is a result of the common history of these varieties since the sixteenth century. This research aims at finding Spanish Atlantic common vocabulary, a superdialect understood as encompassing the Spanish of Spain and America, from which we have no numerical data. Canarian Spanish shows many common Hispanic voices from all the different areas and becomes a case study. The research is designed with a quantitative methodology applied to a corpus formed by different dialect dictionaries. The results show evidence of aKoinein several stages through the analysis of shared voices and the verification that Andalusian Spanish has not been the only means of dissemination.
El deseo despostado
Authors: Rottenberg Débora
Published: March 2016

In this paper we analyze Salomé de chacra, a play written by the very renowned Argentinian dramatist Mauricio Kartun. We intend to make a reading of this work based on the irony that arises from the oscillation between the piece and other texts. To study the dialogue that the play establishes with other texts we review some of its relations of transtextuality linked in the piece to metathatricality. We argue that Salomé de chacra, in its incorporation of the ironic difference based on transtextuality and its relationship with metatheatricality, moves away from a passive reception of the myth and translates it to local circumstances. From this translation and thanks to the author’s own poetics, the piece allows an approach to a worldview of Argentina’s history and an unmasking of some of its underlying values.
Courant-sharp eigenvalues of the three-dimensional square torus
Authors: Léna Corentin
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we determine, in the case of the Laplacian on the flat three-dimensional torus

(

R

/

Z

)
3

(\mathbb {R}/\mathbb {Z})^3\,

, all the eigenvalues having an eigenfunction which satisfies the Courant nodal domain theorem with equality (Courant-sharp situation). Following the strategy of Å. Pleijel (1956), the proof is a combination of an explicit lower bound of the counting function and a Faber–Krahn-type inequality for domains in the torus, deduced, as in the work of P. Bérard and D. Meyer (1982), from an isoperimetric inequality. This inequality relies on the work of L. Hauswirth, J. Pérez, P. Romon, and A. Ros (2004) on the periodic isoperimetric problem.