bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi Kesbangpol Aceh Dalam Meningkatkan Partisipasi Pemilih Pemula
Authors: Arsyi Arsyi , Rahmad Rahmad
Published: February 2023

The focus of the discussion of this study is how the strategy of the National Unity and Politics Agency in providing political education based on existing problems by increasing public awareness, especially among beginner voters in the 2024 election participation. Running well or not in the implementation of political education. This research method uses exploratory research with a literature study approach. The data collection technique used by researchers in this study is secondary data. The political education program for novice voters in Aceh Province has been implemented properly. However, this activity was hampered due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, so the re-focusing of the budget resulted in various programs not running properly.
A análise linguística no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da crase no ensino médio
Authors: Silveira Leticia Pena
Published: February 2023

Este artigo é resultante da dissertação de mestrado cujos objetivos foram: refletir acerca da Análise Linguística da crase, no Ensino Médio (EM), e realizar um experimento, comparando duas abordagens didáticas, dedutiva e indutiva. Foi uma Pesquisa-ação, com 258 textos analisados. Constataram-se acertos superiores aos erros, resultando na conclusão de que não há impacto significativo quanto ao ensino da crase durante o EM. O experimento trouxe o resultado de que as duas formas de ensino testadas foram bem-sucedidas, porém a indutiva destacou-se no prazer que despertou nos alunos, mostrando que, ao trazê-los como protagonista do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, há ganho expressivo.
A prática de análise linguística na alfabetização por meio do projeto Ananse durante a pandemia da Covid 19
Authors: Giovani Fabiana , Machado Ana Lúcia
Published: February 2023

Ao considerar a narrativa como um caminho de pesquisa e de se fazer ciência, bem como delegar a ela um fundamental papel na formação humana, objetivamos, neste texto, refletir como um projeto de leitura denominado Ananse contribuiu para a prática de análise linguística e como foi o processo de domínio e manuseio da linguagem escrita por uma criança de uma turma de 2° ano, de uma escola pública federal, a qual denominaremos L. A reflexão ganha destaque, uma vez que a experiência vivida ocorreu  nas aulas remotas, num período singular que foi a pandemia da Covid-19. Desse modo, a partir do saber de experiência, narramos como uma criança em fase de alfabetização está dialogando com a literatura e com os conhecimentos que vem construindo com/sobre os textos escritos por meio da prática de análise linguística. Fundamentamos a nossa reflexão teórico-metodológica em autores como Bakhtin (1992), Geraldi (2004) e Larrosa (2002). A reflexão narrada explicita, através da experiência de L, como a prática de análise linguística advinda do Ananse possibilita a construção de um caminho possível e viável para contribuir com a alfabetização através da interação com textos e com a vida, sendo esta mediada pela linguagem.
“Contextualizando bem, que mal tem?”: a gramática como ferramenta de ensino de língua portuguesa
Authors: Gonçalves Ana Cecilia Teixeira , Aires Jéssica Wastoski
Published: February 2023

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta de ensino pautada na abordagem da gramática contextualizada e da análise linguística. Nesse sentido, a partir do movimento de reformulação do ensino de Língua Portuguesa, iniciado nos anos 1980, evidenciou-se que a leitura e a análise devem ocorrer de forma que se possa explorar o texto e que se consiga constituir uma relação interativa, salientando a utilização da língua em contexto real. Desse modo, partindo-se de uma teoria sociointeracionista, busca-se entender a explicação de um fenômeno específico, a gramática contextualizada, desenvolvendo atividades que se enquadrem nessa perspectiva.
Prática de análise linguística e atuação social: o trabalho com operadores argumentativos em uma perspectiva de formação cidadã
Authors: Andrade Roberta Baffa , Sigiliano Natália Sathler
Published: February 2023

O presente artigo propõe que o ensino de operadores argumentativos, abordado sob o viés da análise linguística, é profícuo em promover o desenvolvimento de competência argumentativa do estudante e de sua atuação social, ao ser associado a um trabalho com gêneros argumentativos em circulação social efetiva. Para tanto, expõem-se dados de uma pesquisa-ação realizada em uma escola pública brasileira, cuja intervenção contou com a abordagem de produção de carta aberta. Os dados revelaram ganhos quanto ao conhecimento do gênero carta aberta, à ampliação de repertório dos operadores argumentativos e de sua relevância no texto e, também, à consciência cidadã.
First Report of the Crapemyrtle Aphid Tinocallis kahawaluokalani (Hemiptera : Aphididae) and its Relate Natural Enemies in Gabon
Authors: René Noel Poligui , Emelie Arlette Apinda Legnouo , Henri Nzandi
Published: February 2023

A study was carried out among some green spaces in Gabon, mainly in Libreville, Lambarene, Mouila, Franceville and Mitzic, from August 2019 to October 2021. The aim was to assess the presence and impact of the japanese aphid Tinocallis kahawaluokalani Kirkaldy (Hemiptera : Aphididae), and its relate natural enemies, using one time visual observations on Crapemyrtle shrubs. This ornamental plant pest was recorded, occurring on leaves of Lagerstroemia indica (L.) Pers. (Lythraceae). Seven local beneficial insect species were observed predating on this aphid, mainly three hoverflies Ischiodon aegyptius Wiedemann, Paragus borbonicus Macquart, Asarkina sp. (Diptera : Syrphidae), three ladybird species Platynaspis capicola Crotch, Scymnus interruptus Goeze and Chilocorus nigritus Fabricus (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae), and the brown lacewing Micromus sp. (Neuroptera : Hemerobiidae), as natural enemies of T. kahawaluokalani, hilighting a local promizing way for biocontrol of this pest. These findings are a new record for this insect pest from the Gabon and Africa.
The Use of Dimethyl Biguanide as a Potential Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease in Rats
Authors: A. Abosharaf Hamed , Elsonbaty Yasmin , Tousson Ehab , M. Mohamed Tarek
Published: February 2023

Amis: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most rapidly growing diseases in recent times. Despite extensive research to find an appropriate medicine, there has been no effective drug until now.

Study Design: The present study was designated to investigate the therapeutic impact of antihyperglycemic dimethyl biguanide on Alzheimer’s disease symptoms.

Methodology: Alzheimer’s disease was induced in male rats by AlCl3 and D-galactose at doses of 50 and 120 mg/kg daily for one month. Then, for the next four weeks, rats were given oral dimethyl biguanide (200 mg/kg daily).

Results: The obtained data indicated an increase in the arrival time of the AD rat group (G2) compared to the control group (G1). In addition, the AD rat group showed an elevation in glucose level, oxidative stress, liver, and kidney function. Importantly, dimethyl biguanide was able to ameliorate these unpleasant outcomes in G3. Interestingly, dimethyl biguanide was able to reduce GFAB immunoreactivity in the dimethyl biguanide -treated group (G3) compared to the AD group (G2).

Conclusion: In fact, dimethyl biguanide can delay the symptomatology of AD.
Evaluation of Subsoil Competence for Foundation Design in Rumuokwuta, Port Harcourt, Eastern Niger Delta
Authors: Morrison Tammy , Ekine Esonanjor Erefama
Published: February 2023

Aim: A subsurface geotechnical investigation was carried out for the purpose of establishing the depth of competent soil for foundation design and construction of a one-storey building.

Study Design: The study was aimed at assessing the subsoil competence for a foundation design in the Eastern Niger Delta using engineering geology and geotechnics.

Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in three locations along the Rumuokwuta axis of Port Harcourt (the eastern Niger Delta) between April and September 2019.

Method: The study involved both field sampling and laboratory analysis. This involved soil boring for the retrieval of disturbed and relatively undisturbed samples for analysis, which involves grain size analysis, the Atterberg limits, moisture content, and unit weights. Also, Oedometer consolidation Oedometer and undrained, unconsolidated triaxial tests were carried out.

Results: The study revealed two main stratigraphic layers that are mostly fine within the shallow foundation level (0.0–3.0m). From the results, the soil exhibited the following geotechnical properties: liquid limit (41-46%), plastic limit (21-23%), plasticity index (18-24%), and moisture content range (20.6-24.7%). The undrained cohesion value is 55 kPa, and the average frictional angle is 5o. The coefficients of compression (Mv) and consolidation (Cv) were 0.20 m2 /MN and 40.7 m2/yr, respectively.

Conclusion: With the moderate bearing and settlement values within the shallow foundation level, the feasibility of adopting a shallow foundation for the purposed structure is tolerable. A shallow foundation (1.4m minimum) with an allowable bearing pressure of 100 kPa is therefore recommended.
Assessment of Method and Application Schedule of Fertilizer N and K on Growth and Productivity of Summer Planted Sugarcane Crop (Saccharum officinarum L.) under Wide Spacing
Authors: Kamboj Ankush , K. Khokhar Kiran , Chand Mehar , . Vikas , Kumar Satender , Singh Udaypal , Rani Mamta
Published: February 2023

Present investigation was carried out at Regional Research Station, Uchani (Karnal) of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India during 2020-21 to assess the effect of method and schedule of fertilizer application on growth, yield attributes and cane yield of summer planted sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) crop under wide spacing (120 cm). The experiment was arranged in split plot design with two methods of fertilizer application (B1-broadcasting and B2- band placement) as main plot treatments and four sub plot treatments which include application of recommended dose of N and K fertilizer (RDF) in different number of splits at different no. of days after planting (DAP) i.e. T1 (five splits), T2 (six splits), T3 (seven splits) and T4 (three splits). Results concluded that majority of growth parameters, yield attributes and cane yield were significantly affected by both main and sub plot treatments at different stages of crop growth period. Treatment B2 registered significantly higher tiller population (110.59 and102.68 000 ha-1 at 60 and 120 DAP respectively), plant height (91.16, 141.18, 400.12 and 412.13 cm at 60, 120, 180 and 240 DAP respectively), no. of millable canes (NMC) (100.79 and 96.58 000 ha-1 in mid-September and at harvesting respectively) cane length (234.64 cm at harvesting) and cane yield (93.16 t ha-1)compared to B1. Among sub plot treatments, T1 outperformed all the other treatments in terms of growth, yield attributes and cane yield. Treatment T1 registered maximum plant height (150.43, 411.0 and 427.45 cm at 120, 180 and 240 DAP respectively), tiller population (104.72 000 ha-1 at 120 DAP), NMC (102.06 and 95.20 000 ha-1 in mid-September and at harvesting respectively) and cane yield (94.83 t ha-1). Germination percentage, cane girth, no. of internodes per cane and length of internodes was not significantly affected either by main or sub plot treatments.
Ocular Surface Alterations Related to Cataract Surgery
Authors: Mohamed Alyaa Ismail , Nassar El-Sayed Abbas , Elsoht Rabab Mohamed , Shaheen Mohamed Abdlfattah
Published: February 2023

Background: Dry eye syndrome is a multifactorial disease of pre-corneal tear film that results  in  ocular  discomfort,  visual  disturbance  and  tear  film  instability,  with  potential damage to the ocular surface. The aim of the work was to evaluate the ocular surface alterations related to cataract surgery either phacoemulsification or extracapsular cataract extraction surgeries.

Methods: This prospective observational study included 60 patients with cataract. Patients were divided into 2 equal groups: Group1 included patients who had scheduled for phacoemulsification. Group 2 included patients who had scheduled for extracapsular cataract extraction surgery. All patients were subjected to full history taking, complete ophthalmic evaluation, OSDI score test, Schirmer tests, invasive break up time tests (IBUT), and non- invasive break up time tests (NIBUT).

Results:  Postoperative  BCVA  test  in  both  groups  was  significantly  better  compared  to preoperative tests after 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months while postoperative Schirmer test, IBUTT  test,  non  IBUTT  test,  and  OSDI  test  were  significantly  worse  compared  to preoperative in both groups after 1 week, 1month and 3 months (P value = 0.05).

Conclusions: Patients who had scheduled for phacoemulsification showed a significantly better BCVA test, OSDI test, Schirmer test, IBUTT test, and non IBUTT test after 1 week,

1month and 3 months compared to extracapsular cataract extraction group.
Seropositivity for Viral Infectious Diseases in Leukemia Patients and Its Relationship with Cytogenetic Changes
Authors: Eslami Mohammad , Falahati Vahid , Siroosbakht Soheila , Nikoohemmat Mahdi , Kianifar Farzaneh , Arabi Nahid
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Leukemias are involving the bone marrow and the soft tissues in the inner parts of the bones. This malignancy is the most common pediatric cancer, and its etiologic causes are not well understood. This multifactorial disease is believed to be linked to genetic and non-hereditary environmental factors. Cytogenic analyses of chromosomal abnormalities provide diagnostic and prognostic values in leukemia patients. Given the high prevalence of viral diseases and clinical suspicions of the relationship between certain viral infections and leukemia, it is necessary to investigate this possible relationship, especially in third-world countries. The present study recruited 65 children with leukemia (AML, CML, or ALL) who were presented to two tertiary hospitals. At first, all the patients underwent testing for HBV, HCV, CMV, EBV, and HIV. Bone marrow specimens were studied for identifying possible chromosomal abnormalities in cytogenic investigations. According to our findings, there was a relationship between the incidence of leukemia, the 12:21 chromosomal translocation, and CMV infection. Therefore, preventing CMV infection can lead to a reduced incidence of leukemia. It is expected that the findings of this study enlighten scientists to conduct more extensive research on the relationship between viral diseases and leukemia in third-world countries.

Materials and Methods: The present study recruited 65 children with leukemia (AML, CML, or ALL) who were presented to two tertiary hospitals. At first, all the patients underwent testing for HBV, HCV, CMV, EBV, and HIV. Bone marrow specimens were studied for identifying possible chromosomal abnormalities in cytogenic investigations.

Results: According to our findings, there was a relationship between the incidence of leukemia, the 12:21 chromosomal translocation, and CMV infection. Thus, CMV infection is highly suspected to cause a chromosomal abnormality and predispose children to leukemia . Therefore, preventing CMV infection can lead to a reduced incidence of leukemia.

Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated that acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia is relevant to the 12:21 chromosomal translocation and CMV virus infections, So the reduction in leukemia prevalence is dependent on the prevention of CMV disease. It is expected that the findings of this study enlighten scientists to conduct more extensive research on the relationship between viral diseases and leukemia in third-world countries.
The Construction of the Representation based on Product, Brand Advertisement, and Cause-related Marketing: Aqua Case
Authors: Widiasari Natalia
Published: February 2023

The study discusses on how Aqua as the product as well as brand and its cause related marketing activities become the source of popular culture. The customer and community as the stakeholder of Aqua create new meaning using the brand and its advertisement. The new meaning is representations of people’s daily life. Product, brand, and the cause-related marketing activities are a top-down communication that controlled by the capitalist. The representations are a bottom-up communication of people who are constructing and reconstructing their everyday life for their own interests.
Assessment of Quality of Life of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents in Melbourne, Australia, 2017-2020
Authors: Engel Lidia , Majmudar Ishani , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Tollit Michelle A. , Pang Ken C.
Published: February 2023

Importance

Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) children and adolescents may experience not only gender dysphoria but also depression and anxiety, all of which are likely to be associated with reduced quality of life (QOL). Despite this, little is known about QOL in this population.

Objectives

To identify demographic, social, and clinical characteristics associated with reduced QOL in TGD children and adolescents; compare their QOL with age-matched population-based norms and that of young people with common mental health problems; and evaluate the association between gender dysphoria and QOL.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cohort study, baseline data were derived from questionnaires completed in a prospective cohort study (Trans20) of TGD children aged 6 to 12 years and adolescents aged 13 to 17 years first seen at the Royal Children’s Hospital Gender Service (Melbourne, Australia) between February 2017 and February 2020.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was QOL, measured using the Child Health Utility 9D instrument (CHU-9D). Data collection included demographic information, social factors (eg, bullying, lack of support, and social transition), and clinical characteristics (eg, gender identity, gender dysphoria, and mental health difficulties). Population norms and CHU-9D data for Australian youths with mental health diagnoses were derived from published literature.

Results

The TGD cohort comprised 525 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years (median age, 14 years [IQR, 12-16 years]; 364 [69.33%] presumed female at birth). The mean (SD) CHU-9D score was 0.46 (0.26). Compared with population norms, TGD children (0.58 [0.27] vs 0.81 [0.16]; P < .001) and adolescents (0.41 [0.25] vs 0.80 [0.14]; P < .001) had significantly lower scores. Within the TGD cohort, mean (SD) scores were significantly lower in adolescents (0.41 [0.24] vs 0.62 [0.25]; P < .001), those assigned female at birth (0.43 [0.26] vs 0.55 [0.25]; P < .001), those reporting mental health problems (0.37 [0.23] vs 0.57 [0.25]; P < .001) and physical health problems (0.41 [0.26] vs 0.48 [0.26]; P = .04), and those who were bullied (0.38 [0.24] vs 0.52 [0.25]; P < .001). Gender dysphoria alone was associated with a lower mean (SD) CHU-9D score (0.51 [0.23]) than that in control adolescents with serious mental health conditions such as depression (0.64 [0.26]) and anxiety (0.70 [0.24]) and was an independent factor associated with QOL.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of TGD children and adolescents in Australia, QOL was worse in this population than in age-matched, population-based peers. Quality of life associated with gender dysphoria was substantially worse than that seen in young people with common mental health conditions. These findings emphasize the risk of poor QOL among TGD young people and the need to better support them.
Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcomes of Patients From Sex and Gender Minority Groups
Authors: Eckhert Erik , Lansinger Olivia , Ritter Victor , Liu Mina , Han Summer , Schapira Lidia , John Esther M. , Gomez Scarlett , Sledge George , Kurian Allison W.
Published: February 2023

Importance

Sexual orientation and gender identity data are not collected by most hospitals or cancer registries; thus, little is known about the quality of breast cancer treatment for patients from sex and gender minority (SGM) groups.

Objective

To evaluate the quality of breast cancer treatment and recurrence outcomes for patients from SGM groups compared with cisgender heterosexual patients.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Exposure-matched retrospective case-control study of 92 patients from SGM groups treated at an academic medical center from January 1, 2008, to January 1, 2022, matched to cisgender heterosexual patients with breast cancer by year of diagnosis, age, tumor stage, estrogen receptor status, and ERBB2 (HER2) status.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Patient demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as treatment quality, as measured by missed guideline-based breast cancer screening, appropriate referral for genetic counseling and testing, mastectomy vs lumpectomy, receipt of chest reconstruction, adjuvant radiation therapy after lumpectomy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy for stage III disease, antiestrogen therapy for at least 5 years for estrogen receptor–positive disease, ERBB2-directed therapy for ERBB2-positive disease, patient refusal of an oncologist-recommended treatment, time from symptom onset to tissue diagnosis, time from diagnosis to first treatment, and time from breast cancer diagnosis to first recurrence. Results were adjusted for multiple hypothesis testing. Compared with cisgender heterosexual patients, those from SGM groups were hypothesized to have disparities in 1 or more of these quality metrics.

Results

Ninety-two patients from SGM groups were matched to 92 cisgender heterosexual patients (n = 184). The median age at diagnosis for all patients was 49 years (IQR, 43-56 years); 74 were lesbian (80%), 12 were bisexual (13%), and 6 were transgender (6%). Compared with cisgender heterosexual patients, those from SGM groups experienced a delay in time from symptom onset to diagnosis (median time to diagnosis, 34 vs 64 days; multivariable adjusted hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.42-0.99; P = .04), were more likely to decline an oncologist-recommended treatment modality (35 [38%] vs 18 [20%]; multivariable adjusted odds ratio, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.09-4.74; P = .03), and were more likely to experience a breast cancer recurrence (multivariable adjusted hazard ratio, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.56-6.03; P = .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that among patients with breast cancer, those from SGM groups experienced delayed diagnosis, with faster recurrence at a 3-fold higher rate compared with cisgender heterosexual patients. These results suggest disparities in the care of patients from SGM groups and warrant further study to inform interventions.
Lip Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Spontaneous Eruption and Drainage
Authors: Toni Tiffany , Allen Clint T. , Mydlarz Wojciech K.
Published: February 2023

A 69-year-old woman with a newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip mucosa presented 3 days after initiating neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy with redness and swelling of the tumor site. What is your diagnosis?
Stick‐Type Discharge Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Amplified Output Using a Conductive Spring
Authors: Kim Dongchang , Cha Kyunghwan , Ryu Hanwook , Song Myunghwan , Kim Sunghan , Lin Zong-Hong , Chung Jihoon , Lee Sangmin
Published: February 2023

As technology develops over time, energy‐harvesting methods that generate sustainable energy have been highlighted worldwide. In energy harvesting, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have several advantages, such as a simple design, high efficiency, low cost, and accessibility. Although they are applied in various fields, TENGs have limitations regarding the low current output on the microampere scale due to a high surface charge, leading to air breakdown and field emission. In addition, TENGs are implemented under vacuum pressure with high mechanical input frequency to overcome the limitation. Nevertheless, the developed TENGs still retain critical problems, such as the inability to make packaging systems and device damage. This paper reports on the stick‐type discharge (SD) TENG that can provide an amplified current with outstanding durability by applying a conductive spring to solve the problem. Consolidating a dynamic electrode with an accumulated surface charge and low curvature spring and emitting a high electric field generate a milliampere current scale through electrons to flow directly with exceptional mechanical endurance. Thus, a multi‐SD‐TENG comprising four SD‐TENGs and a portable holder powers a warning light in daily life through a shaking motion.
Phase‐Separated Polyzwitterionic Hydrogels with Tunable Sponge‐Like Structures for Stable Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Peng Bolun , Lyu Quanqian , Li Miaomiao , Du Shuo , Zhu Jintao , Zhang Lianbin
Published: February 2023

Solar steam generation (SSG) through hydrogel‐based evaporators has shown great promise for freshwater production. However, developing hydrogel‐based evaporators with stable SSG performance in high‐salinity brines remains challenging. Herein, phase‐separated polyzwitterionic hydrogel‐based evaporators are presented with sponge‐like structures comprising interconnected pores for stable SSG performance, which are fabricated by photopolymerization of sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) in water‐dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixed solvents. It is shown that driven by competitive adsorption, the structures of the resulting poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) hydrogels can be readily tuned by the volume ratio of DMSO to achieve phase separation. The optimized phase‐separated PSBMA hydrogels, combining the unique anti‐polyelectrolyte effects of polyzwitterionic hydrogels, demonstrate a rapid water transport capability in brines. After introducing photothermal polypyrrole particles on the surface of the phase‐separated PSBMA hydrogel evaporators, a stable water evaporation rate of ≈2.024 kg m−2 h−1 and high solar‐to‐vapor efficiency of ≈97.5% in a 3.5 wt.% brine are obtained under simulated solar light irradiation (1.0 kW m−2). Surprisingly, the evaporation rates remain stable even under high‐intensity solar irradiation (2.0 kW m−2). It is anticipated that the polyzwitterionic hydrogel evaporators with sponge‐like porous structures will contribute to developing SSG technology for high‐salinity seawater applications.
Laser Structuring of Thin Metal Films of Compliant Electrodes on Dielectric Elastomers
Authors: Hubertus Jonas , Croce Sipontina , Neu Julian , Seelecke Stefan , Rizzello Gianluca , Schultes Günter
Published: February 2023

Dielectric elastomer (DE) transducers are polymer‐based devices consisting of an insulating elastomeric membrane with compliant electrodes on both sides, forming a flexible capacitor that can work as an actuator or sensor. In this report, a new direct and maskless method is presented to pattern‐compliant metallic electrodes specially developed for DE applications. Highly conductive and stretchable nickel‐based electrodes are first sputter deposited onto pre‐stretched membranes, resulting in a wrinkled surface after relaxation. An arbitrary electrode design is directly patterned onto the double‐sided coated DE membrane by means of an ultra‐short pulse laser system with a wavelength of 355 nm. In this way, it is possible to achieve simultaneous ablation of both electrodes on the top and the bottom side of the silicone membrane, as well as a selective ablation of only the electrode facing the laser. With a minimal optical resolution of 20 µm, the laser structuring method opens the path toward the manufacturing of miniaturized DE transducers, such as micro‐scale DE arrays with integrated conductive paths, as well as the integration of optical features like diffraction gratings into the DE electrodes.
Unveiling the Effects of Cr Single Atoms with Controllable Configurations on Solid Electrolyte Interphase and Storage Mechanism of Sodium Ions
Authors: Wang Chong , Li Bohan , Shen Wanci , Kang Feiyu , Huang Zheng‐Hong , Lv Ruitao
Published: February 2023

Single atomic metal (SAM) doping is reported as an effective strategy to promote the electrochemical property of carbon‐based anode materials for high‐power sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, the effects of SAM with different configurations on solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and energy storage mechanism of Na+ are not revealed. Herein, Cr single atoms (CrSAs) are reported with controllable configurations (Cr–N4 or Cr–N2) implanted on the N, P co‐doped carbon (NPC) anode materials (denoted as CrN4SAs/NPC or CrN2SAs/NPC). The CrN4SAs/NPC anode displays a high specific capacity (318.2 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1) and outstanding rate performance (145.1 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1), better than those of CrN2SAs/NPC and NPC. The superiority is originated from the difference of SEI and the energy storage mechanism of sodium ions during electrochemical process, which are unveiled through ex situ characterization and theoretical calculation. The full cell assembled with CrN4SAs/NPC anode and Na3V2(PO4)2F3@C cathode displays a high energy density at a high power density.
Self‐Standing Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for H2/CO2 Separation
Authors: Li Baoju , Wang Zitao , Gao Zhuangzhuang , Suo Jinquan , Xue Ming , Yan Yushan , Valtchev Valentin , Qiu Shilun , Fang Qianrong
Published: February 2023

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are proposed as promising candidates for engineering advanced molecular sieving membranes due to their precise pore sizes, modifiable pore environment, and superior stability. However, COFs are insoluble in common solvents and do not melt at high temperatures, which presents a great challenge for the fabrication of COF‐based membranes (COFMs). Herein, for the first time, a new synthetic strategy is reported to prepare continuous and intact self‐standing COFMs, including 2D N‐COF membrane and 3D COF‐300 membrane. Both COFMs show excellent selectivity of H2/CO2 mixed gas (13.8 for N‐COF membrane and 11 for COF‐300 membrane), and especially ultrahigh H2 permeance (4319 GPU for N‐COF membrane and 5160 GPU for COF‐300 membrane), which is superior to those of COFMs reported so far. It should be noted that the overall separation performance of self‐standing COFMs exceeds the Robeson upper bound. Furthermore, a theoretical study based on Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation is performed to explain the excellent separation of H2/CO2 through COFMs. Thus, this facile preparation method will provide a broad prospect for the development of self‐standing COFMs with highly efficient H2 purification.
Role of Magnetic Defects in Tuning Ground States of Magnetic Topological Insulators
Authors: Islam Farhan , Lee Yongbin , Pajerowski Daniel M. , Oh JinSu , Tian Wei , Zhou Lin , Yan Jiaqiang , Ke Liqin , McQueeney Robert J. , Vaknin David
Published: February 2023

Magnetic defects play an important, but poorly understood, role in magnetic topological insulators (TIs). For example, topological surface transport and bulk magnetic properties are controlled by magnetic defects in Bi2Se3‐based dilute ferromagnetic (FM) TIs and MnBi2Te4 (MBT)‐based antiferromagnetic (AFM) TIs. Despite its nascent ferromagnetism, the inelastic neutron scattering data show that a fraction of the Mn defects in Sb2Te3 form strong AFM dimer singlets within a quintuple block. The AFM superexchange coupling occurs via Mn–Te–Mn linear bonds and is identical to the AFM coupling between antisite defects and the FM Mn layer in MBT, establishing common interactions in the two materials classes. It is also found that the FM correlations in (Sb1−xMnx)2Te3 are likely driven by magnetic defects in adjacent quintuple blocks across the van der Waals gap. In addition to providing answers to long‐standing questions about the evolution of FM order in dilute TI, these results also show that the evolution of global magnetic order from AFM to FM in Sb‐substituted MBT is controlled by defect engineering of the intrablock and interblock coupling.
A Thrombin‐Activated Peptide‐Templated Nanozyme for Remedying Ischemic Stroke via Thrombolytic and Neuroprotective Actions
Authors: Wang Zhuoran , Zhao Yue , Hou Yaxin , Tang Guoheng , Zhang Ruofei , Yang Yili , Yan Xiyun , Fan Kelong
Published: February 2023

Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the most common causes of disability and death. Thrombolysis and neuroprotection are two current major therapeutic strategies to overcome ischemic and reperfusion damage. In this work, a novel peptide‐templated manganese dioxide nanozyme (PNzyme/MnO2) is designed that integrates the thrombolytic activity of functional peptides with the reactive oxygen species scavenging ability of nanozymes. Through self‐assembled polypeptides that contain multiple functional motifs, the novel peptide‐templated nanozyme is able to bind fibrin in the thrombus, cross the blood–brain barrier, and finally accumulate in the ischemic neuronal tissues, where the thrombolytic motif is “switched‐on” by the action of thrombin. In mice and rat IS models, the PNzyme/MnO2 prolongs the blood‐circulation time and exhibits strong thrombolytic action, and reduces the ischemic damages in brain tissues. Moreover, this peptide‐templated nanozyme also effectively inhibits the activation of astrocytes and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. These data indicate that the rationally designed PNzyme/MnO2 nanozyme exerts both thrombolytic and neuroprotective actions. Giving its long half‐life in the blood and ability to target brain thrombi, the biocompatible nanozyme may serve as a novel therapeutic agent to improve the efficacy and prevent secondary thrombosis during the treatment of IS.
Biomaterial‐Based Defenders Boost Biopharmaceuticals Efficacy for Spinal Cord Injury Treatment: A Review
Authors: Zhang Xunqi , Cao Jian , Wu Jiahe , Gao Jian‐Qing
Published: February 2023

Spinal cord injury (SCI) has seriously affected the lives of patients and brought economic and medical burdens to society. Biopharmaceuticals, including transplanted cells, growth factors, enzyme drugs, and microRNA, present multidimensional therapeutic effects in tissue repair and regeneration, and thus are widely utilized for the treatment of SCI. Nevertheless, they still encounter great challenges. The turbulent microenvironment accompanied by various destructive components following SCI has led to poor stability, low local accumulation, and reduced therapeutic efficacy of biopharmaceuticals. To this end, biomaterial‐based defenders (BBDs) that are capable of resisting the destructive components have shown great promise in improving the survival of transplanted cells or retaining the activity of the protein and nucleic acid drugs for the treatment of SCI. In this review, various types of biopharmaceuticals applied in SCI and their limitations are introduced. The destructive components that threaten the activities of biopharmaceuticals in the rigorous microenvironment are then summarized. In particular, the current research progress about BBDs boosting the efficacy of biopharmaceuticals for the treatment of SCI is illustrated with specific examples. The existing challenges and future perspectives are also provided.
Circularly Polarized Light‐driven Liquid Crystal Elastomer Actuators
Authors: Li Yong , Liu Yanjun , Luo Dan
Published: February 2023

Photo‐responsive liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) actuator is of paramount significance for emerging applications in soft robotics, biomimetic devices, and adaptive optical devices. However, to achieve circularly polarized light‐driven LCE actuator, which can provide an additional degree of freedom of light in the control method, is still a challenge. Herein, a circularly polarized light‐driven LCE actuator is demonstrated. The actuator is fabricated by bonding a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) film, which is capable of selectively reflecting and transmitting circularly polarized light, with a photothermal agent doped LCE film in splay configuration as a bilayer structure. An electrically controlled optical system with a fast switching ability of circularly polarized light's handedness has been developed to study the circularly polarized light‐response bending property of the proposed actuator under various periodic driven voltage schemes. A crawler driven by circularly polarized light based on CLC‐LCE actuator is demonstrated experimentally with different moving modes. The application of circularly polarized light in the LCE actuator driving provides an additional controlling degree of freedom for photo‐responsive LCE actuators besides the wavelength, spatial distribution, and linear polarization of light, showing wide application prospects in soft robotics, biomimetic technologies, and adaptive optical devices.
Reactions Involving Multiple Isocyanide Insertions
Authors: Tashrifi Zahra , Mohammadi Khanaposhtani Mohammad , Gholami Fatemeh , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: February 2023

Isocyanides (isonitriles or carbylamine) have been intensively used in organic synthesis to prepare a diverse variety of N‐heterocycles on the basis of the carbene‐like reactivity of their divalent carbon atom. Isocyanides participate in a variety of reactions involving one, two, or more isocyanides. Compared to the popularity of single isocyanide reactions, few examples of reactions involving two or more isocyanides have been reported. In this review, we categorized and classified the literatures of reactions involving two or more isocyanides especially double isocyanide insertions under metal‐catalyzed or metal‐free conditions from 2014 to 2022.

magnified image
A Visible‐Light Driven Esterification of Aldehydes Catalyzed by VOSO4
Authors: Gaspa Silvia , Ledda Luca , d'Atri David , Porcheddu Andrea , Pisano Luisa , Carraro Massimo , De Luca Lidia
Published: February 2023

An esterification of the C−H bond of aldehydes promoted by oxidovanadium(IV) sulfate, VIVOSO4, is reported. The process is mediated by visible‐light, is carried out at room temperature, in absence of additives and using H2O2 as a benign oxidant. VOSO4 is a commercially available, earth‐abundant metal (EAMs) salt, that does not require to be prepared. This report opens intriguing perspectives for the extended application of vanadium salts toward halogenation processes as well as for C−H activations and gives a contribution in the field of earth‐abundant metals based‐catalysis.

magnified image
Molten‐Volcanic‐Ash‐Phobic Thermal Barrier Coating based on Biomimetic Structure
Authors: Guo Yiqian , Song Wenjia , Guo Lei , Li Xinxin , He Wenting , Yan Xudong , Dingwell Donald B. , Guo Hongbo
Published: February 2023

Volcanic ash is a major threat to aviation safety. The softening/melting temperatures of volcanic ash lie far below typical aero‐engine operating temperatures. Thus, molten ash can accelerate the failure of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Here, inspired by natural superhydrophobic surfaces (e.g., the lotus leaf), a molten‐volcanic‐ash‐phobic TBC, which provides a large possibility to eliminate molten ash issues of TBCs, is developed. A hierarchically structured surface is first prepared on a (Gd0.9Yb0.1)2Zr2O7 (GYbZ) pellet by ultrafast laser direct writing technology, aiming to confirm the feasibility of the biomimetic microstructure to repel molten volcanic ash wetting. Then biomimetic‐structured GYbZ TBCs are successfully fabricated using plasma spray physical vapor deposition, which reveals “silicate” phobicity at high temperatures. The exciting molten‐volcanic‐ash‐phobic attribute of the designed surfaces is attributed to the lotus‐leaf‐like dual‐scale microstructure, emulating in particular the existence of nanoparticles. These findings may be an important step toward the development of next‐generation aviation engines with greatly reduced vulnerability to environmental siliceous debris.
Multiprincipal Element M2FeC (M = Ti,V,Nb,Ta,Zr) MAX Phases with Synergistic Effect of Dielectric and Magnetic Loss
Authors: Chen Lu , Li Youbing , Zhao Biao , Liu Shanshan , Zhang Huibin , Chen Ke , Li Mian , Du Shiyu , Xiu Faxian , Che Renchao , Chai Zhifang , Huang Qing
Published: February 2023

Electromagnetic (EM) wave pollution is harmful to human health and environment, thus it is absolutely important to develop new electromagnetic wave absorbing materials. MAX phases have been attracted more attention as a potential candidate for electromagnetic wave absorbing materials due to their high conductivity and nanolaminated structure. Herein, two new magnetic MAX phases with multiprincipal elements ((Ti1/3Nb1/3Ta1/3)2FeC and (Ti0.2V0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Zr0.2)2FeC) in which Fe atoms replace Al atoms in the A sites are successfully synthesized by an isomorphous replacement reaction of multiprincipal (Ti1/3Nb1/3Ta1/3)2AlC and (Ti0.2V0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Zr0.2)2AlC MAX phases with Lewis acid salt (FeCl2). (Ti1/3Nb1/3Ta1/3)2FeC and (Ti0.2V0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Zr0.2)2FeC exhibit ferromagnetic behavior, and the Curie temperature (Tc) are 302 and 235 K, respectively. The dual electromagnetic absorption mechanisms that include dielectric and magnetic loss, which is realized in these multiprincipal MAX phases. The minimum reflection loss (RL) of (Ti1/3Nb1/3Ta1/3)2FeC is −44.4 dB at 6.56 GHz with 3 mm thickness, and the effective bandwidth is 2.48 GHz. Additionally, the electromagnetic wave absorption properties of the magnetic MAX phases indicate that magnetic loss also plays an important role besides dielectric loss. This work shows a promising composition‐design strategy to develop MAX phases with good EM wave absorption performance via simultaneously regulating dielectric and magnetic loss together.
High‐Conductivity Stoichiometric Titanium Nitride for Bioelectronics
Authors: Gablech Imrich , Migliaccio Ludovico , Brodský Jan , Havlíček Marek , Podešva Pavel , Hrdý Radim , Ehlich Jiří , Gryszel Maciej , Głowacki Eric Daniel
Published: February 2023

Bioelectronic devices such as neural stimulation and recording devices require stable low‐impedance electrode interfaces. Various forms of nitridated titanium are used in biointerface applications due to robustness and biological inertness. In this work, stoichiometric TiN thin films are fabricated using a dual Kaufman ion‐beam source setup, without the necessity of substrate heating. These layers are remarkable compared to established forms of TiN due to high degree of crystallinity and excellent electrical conductivity. How this fabrication method can be extended to produce structured AlN, to yield robust AlN/TiN bilayer micropyramids, is described. These electrodes compare favorably to commercial TiN microelectrodes in the performance metrics important for bioelectronics interfaces: higher conductivity (by an order of magnitude), lower electrochemical impedance, and higher capacitive charge injection with lower faradaicity. These results demonstrate that the Kaufman ion‐beam sputtering method can produce competitive nitride ceramics for bioelectronics applications at low deposition temperatures.
Tunable Multilevel Gate Oxide Capacitance and Flat‐Band Voltage Shift Characteristics by Filament Formation in Double‐Floating‐Gate Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Capacitors
Authors: Han Jimin , Park Kitae , Kim Hyun‐Mi , Yoon Tae‐Sik
Published: February 2023

Tunable multilevel gate oxide capacitance and flat‐band voltage shift characteristics in double‐floating‐gate metal–oxide–semiconductor (DFG‐MOS) capacitors are investigated for non‐volatile memory and programmable logic device applications. The DFG‐MOS capacitor with the structure of Ag(control gate)/CeO2(upper control oxide)/Al(upper FG)/CeO2(lower control oxide)/Pt(lower FG)/HfO2(tunneling oxide) on n‐Si substrate, that is Ag/CeO2/Al/CeO2/Pt/HfO2/n‐Si, exhibits three capacitance states as a result of reversible formation and rupture of conducting filaments at serially stacked Ag/CeO2/Al and Al/CeO2/Pt capacitors upon applying positive and negative gate voltages, respectively. In contrast, the DFG‐MOS capacitor with Ag/CeO2/Pt/HfO2/Pt/HfO2/n‐Si employing inert Pt upper and lower FGs exhibits two capacitance states via the formation and rupture of filament only at the upper Ag/CeO2/Pt stack. Instead, it accompanies a flat‐band voltage shift by electrical charging at the lower FG of Pt. The proposed devices operate with tunable multilevel gate oxide capacitance and flat‐band voltage shift associated with filament formation inside gate stacks and electrical charging with respect to the constituent materials of the FGs. These results pave the way for potential application to non‐volatile memory and programmable MOSFET logic device with tunable gate oxide capacitance, without relying solely on the electrical charging used in the current flash‐type memory.
Is it feasible to improve stand persistence of eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.) through breeding?
Authors: Boerman Nicholas A. , Moffet Corey A. , Gunter Stacey A.
Published: February 2023

Eastern gamagrass is a warm‐season perennial grass that has excellent forage nutritional quality and a broad range of adaptations. Despite the favorable forage qualities, agronomic issues persist; most important for grazing systems is stand persistence from preferential grazing when growing in mixed species communities. Stand persistence when monoculture stands are grazed has been previously studied, and it has been observed that stands decline under high stocking rates or low grazing height. The objective of our study was to evaluate if an improvement of stand persistence under defoliation to a low‐cut height is feasible through the breeding of improved lines. A persistence trial was conducted using a completely random design and eight replications to evaluate the stand persistence of two commercial cultivars, two experimental lines, and an ecotype selection. Defoliation occurred by grazing and mowing to a height of 8 cm three‐to‐four times over the course of five growing seasons. Stand counts of live plants were taken following the final defoliation of the season. Mixed linear regression modeling indicates significant differences between genotypes developed in years where no grazing occurred. An ecotype selection from Northwest Oklahoma exhibited significantly greater persistence than the cultivar Pete and the other experimental lines. These results suggest that different alleles exist for critical persistence genes, indicating it may be feasible to improve the trait through breeding and selection.
Capacity for national and regional self‐reliance in fruit and vegetable production in the United States
Authors: McCarthy Ashley C. , Griffin Timothy S. , Srinivasan Sumeeta , Peters Christian J.
Published: February 2023

Increased fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption would have important health benefits but would also have significant impacts on the U.S. agricultural system. The United States is currently a net importer of these foods but global agricultural systems face growing pressure to feed more people with fewer resources while also adapting to climate change. Thus, increasing self‐reliance may become a key strategy to ensuring a stable supply of nutrient‐dense foods in the United States. However, the capacity to increase the production of specific foods to accommodate shifts towards healthier dietary patterns or increase self‐reliance is not well documented. We estimated the extent to which the United States could meet current and recommended F&V consumption through domestic production based on biophysical capacity at the national and regional levels. Land suitability maps from a previous study were combined with state‐level yield data to estimate biophysical capacity and food availability data were used to estimate F&V consumption. A net‐balance analysis was conducted to compare production capacity to food consumption under both diet scenarios. Our results indicate that the United States could meet current and recommended F&V needs of Americans through domestic production and that each region could meet regional F&V consumption. However, while self‐reliance is biophysically possible, it would require substantial changes in dietary patterns and land use. These findings provide insight into the feasibility and agricultural implications of self‐reliance at the national and regional levels.