bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Steroid hormone imbalance drives macrophage infiltration and Spp1/osteopontin+ foam cell differentiation in the prostate
Authors: Popovics Petra , Skalitzky Kegan O , Schroeder Elise , Jain Asha , Silver Samara V , Van Fritz Francesca , Uchtmann Kristen S , Vezina Chad M , Ricke William A
Published: February 2023

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) occurs progressively with aging in men and drives deteriorating symptoms collectively known as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Age‐associated changes in circulating steroid hormones, and prostate inflammation have been postulated in the etiology of BPH/LUTS. The link between hormones and inflammation in the development of BPH/LUTS is conflicting because they may occur independently or as sequential steps in disease pathogenesis. This study aimed to decipher the prostatic immune landscape in a mouse model of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). Steroid hormone imbalance was generated by the surgical implantation of testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) pellets into male C57BL/6J mice and gene expression analysis was performed on ventral prostates (VPs). These experiments identified an increase in the expression of macrophage markers and Spp1/osteopontin (OPN). Localization studies of OPN pinpointed that OPN+ macrophages travel to the prostate lumen and transition into lipid‐accumulating foam cells. We also observed a significant increase in the number of tissue macrophages in the VP which was prevented in OPN‐knockout (OPN‐KO) mice. In contrast, mast cells, but not macrophages, were significantly elevated in the dorsal prostate of T + E2‐treated mice which was diminished in OPN‐KO mice. Steroid hormone implantation progressively increased urinary frequency, which was ameliorated in OPN‐KO mice. Our study underscores the role of age‐associated steroid hormone imbalances as a mechanism of expanding the prostatic macrophage population, their luminal translocation, and foam cell differentiation. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Online micro solid phase extraction coupled with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for trace analysis of endogenous plant hormones in Ulva linza
Authors: Li Yuxuan , Duan Chunfeng , Ning Haijing , Ni Lanxiu , Li Jiamin , Gao Yan , Ding Kun , Guan Yafeng
Published: February 2023

Objective

Ulva linza (L.) is a species of green algae widely distributed in China. We aimed to establish a sensitive online analytical method for quantification of endogenous phytohormones in fresh minute seaweed samples.

Method

The method for quantification of endogenous plant hormones in fresh minute samples was developed based on a homemade online micro solid phase extraction (m‐SPE) system coupled with an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) platform. The online m‐SPE instrument injected the eluent of m‐SPE directly onto the LC separation column, improving the utilization of samples and saving time. The m‐SPE column, of which the effective size was 9.6 × 2 mm i.d., was filled with 19 mg of C18 (10 μm).

Results

Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection were 0.002–0.060 ng ml−1 for five plant hormones. The actual sample recoveries of phytohormones were 76.4–103.4% and the coefficients of variance were below 14.1%. The temporal distribution of these endogenous plant hormones of U. linza during different growth periods is described.

Conclusion

The proposed online m‐SPE method was successfully applied to quantification of endogenous acidic and alkaline plant hormones in U. linza. It provides important information for the further study of the physiological and ecological effects of plant hormones in lower algal species.
New ways of using old antibiotics in pediatrics: Focus on fosfomycin
Authors: Tran Martin Tuan
Published: February 2023

Fosfomycin, originally named phosphonomycin when it was first isolated from fermentation broth of Streptomyces species and synthesized at Merck in 1969. The phosphonic acid containing a structurally strained and reactive epoxide ring confers broad spectrum, bactericidal activity against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. Fosfomycin's small size and hydrophilicity permits broad tissues penetration. Although only fosfomycin tromethamine oral is approved for urinary tract infections (UTI) in the United States since 1996, the intravenous form has been utilized worldwide for over four decades. The increasing rates of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) infections with few novel treatment options available has spurred the recent interest in fosfomycin. Fosfomycin's high urinary concentration, broad spectrum of activity against MDR pathogens, and favorable safety profile offers a valuable oral option for treating UTI, one of the most common bacterial infections in childhood. The ability of fosfomycin to penetrate biofilm and reported activity against intracellular pathogens may further its importance in childhood diseases such as Chronic Granulomatous Disease, Salmonellosis, and Listeriosis. More data are needed to further define optimal Pharmacodynamic target, as well as Pharmacokinetic, safety and outcomes for repeated oral and intravenous dosing of fosfomycin in infants and children in systemic infections.
Review of novel β‐lactams and β‐lactam/β‐lactamase inhibitor combinations with implications for pediatric use
Authors: Olney Katie B. , Thomas Jenni K. , Johnson Wes M.
Published: February 2023

Antimicrobial resistance continues to surmount increasing concern globally, and treatment of difficult‐to‐treat (DTR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, carbapenem‐resistant (CR) Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and CR Enterobacterales (CRE) remains a challenge for clinicians. Although previously rare, the incidence of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) and CR infections in pediatric patients has increased drastically in the last decade and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. To combat this issue, 14 novel antibiotics, including three β‐lactam/novel β‐lactamase inhibitor combinations (βL‐βLIs) and two novel β‐lactams (βLs), have received approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration since 2010. Improving clinician understanding of the utility of these novel therapies is imperative to improve judicious decision‐making and prevent societal regression to a pre‐penicillin era. In this review, we summarize the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties, clinical efficacy and safety data, dosing considerations, and subsequent role in therapy for ceftazidime‐avibactam (CAZ‐AVI), meropenem‐vaborbactam (MER‐VAB), imipenem‐cilastatin‐relebactam (IMI‐REL), ceftolozane‐tazobactam (TOL‐TAZ), and cefiderocol in pediatric patients.
The long‐term outcomes of symptomatic congenital lobar emphysema patients
Authors: Gatt Dvir , Lapidus‐Krol Eveline , Chiu Priscilla P. L.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Surgical (OP) management for symptomatic congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is the standard of care with nonoperative (NOP) approach applied for asymptomatic cases. The aim of this study is to report the outcomes for NOP approach to the care of symptomatic CLE infants.

Methods

A retrospective study of CLE patients treated 2000−2021 at a single institution. Patients with CLE and respiratory symptoms were included.

Results

Overall, 23 children had symptomatic CLE, and 12 had NOP management. The median age at diagnosis was 38.5 days (50) in the NOP group versus 25 days (20) in the OP group (p = 0.31). There was no significant difference in the location of the involved lobe, term birth, postnatal diagnosis and gender, and both groups required noninvasive support in 33% of the cases. There was a trend towards higher frequency of oxygen support in the OP group preoperatively (89% vs. 42%, p = 0.07). The median length of stay was 14 days in the NOP group compared to a median postsurgery stay of 7.5 days in the OP group. In follow‐up, there was no significant difference in respiratory readmission in first year of life, growth delay, treatment with asthma medication or body mass index in the NOP versus OP group. None of the children in the NOP group required surgery during follow‐up.

Conclusions

A NOP approach for symptomatic CLE infants can have favorable long‐term outcomes. Further studies will be required to identify markers to aid in clinical decision‐making.
Detonation performance of urea‐hydrogen peroxide (UHP)**
Authors: Halleux Francis , Pons Jean‐François , Wilson Ian , Simoens Bart , Van Riet Romuald , Lefebvre Michel
Published: February 2023

Carbamide Peroxide, an adduct of Urea and Hydrogen Peroxide, is commonly used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries as a solid source of hydrogen peroxide. However, it exhibits explosive properties and can be easily manufactured from readily available household chemicals, making it a potential emerging threat. We carried out a detailed performance assessment, combining experiments, thermochemical calculations and numerical simulations and highlighted a good level of agreement between experimental data from lab, field and underwater firings. A maximum detonation velocity of 3.65 km/s was recorded for unconfined 25 kg UHP charges at 0.85 g/cm3(200 mm charge diameter). We determined in these conditions an infinite diameter detonation velocity of 3.94 km/s. These results are also consistent with previous results obtained at small scale under heavy confinement. Airblast measurements highlighted an average 40 % TNT equivalence for impulse and 55 % for peak overpressure at short distance, which are in good agreement with the 57 % (Power Index) calculated from Explo5, while 50 % for bubble energy (explosive power) and 20 % for shock pressure (brisance) were obtained from underwater experiments. The use of different experimental approaches has proven useful to characterise the performances parameters of a non‐ideal explosive for risk assessment purposes.
Early physiotherapy management of patients with Covid‐19 admitted to a university hospital in Norway (March 2020 to July 2021)
Authors: Nilsson Birgitta Blakstad , Bø Elisabeth
Published: February 2023

Aim

The aim of this retrospective observational study was to describe the scope of physiotherapy, the population and the physiotherapy management of Covid‐19 patients referred to physiotherapy at a university hospital in the period from March 2020 to July 2021.

Method

A descriptive observational study with access to data from a quality register, which contains clinical data of all patients admitted with Covid‐19 to a university hospital in Norway. Data was obtained from electronic data sheets, where daily parameters for physiotherapy treatment were registered.

Results

In total, 729 Covid‐19 patients were admitted during this period. Of these, 507 (69.6%) received treatment by a physiotherapist (3510 sessions). The physiotherapy treatments were performed on intensive care units (ICU) (50%), intermediate care units (11%) and general medical units (39%), respectively. Patients were mainly treated during the day (98.5%) and 21% of the sessions were given on weekends or holidays. Within the 3510 sessions, 9459 interventions were performed in total (one to seven interventions per session). The most common intervention provided was positioning (35.4%). The most common interventions in medical units and intermediate care units were training with a positive expiratory pressure device (17.3% and 15.9% respectively), and techniques for reducing work of breathing (13% and 15% respectively). The most common intervention in the ICUs was passive mobilization (21.3%), mostly in combination with positioning, manual techniques and/or airway clearance.

Conclusion

This study provides characteristics of, and experiences with early physiotherapy, in sequentially hospitalized patients at a university hospital in Norway.
Probing HNL‐ALP Couplings at Colliders
Authors: de Giorgi Arturo , Merlo Luca , Tastet Jean‐Loup
Published: February 2023

Axion‐like particles (ALPs) and heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) are both well‐motivated extensions of the Standard Model. As ALPs couple to on‐shell fermions proportionally to their masses, processes involving both types of particles may give rise, for TeV HNLs, to relevant phenomenology at colliders. In this work, we point out a particularly clean process, whose final state consists of four jets and two charged leptons, and we estimate its current and future sensitivity at the LHC. For on‐shell HNLs, i) there is no dependence on the overall scale of the mixing between HNLs and the active neutrinos, making this process sensitive down to the type‐I Seesaw line; ii) the signal strength of the process is sizable only as far as the HNL masses are below a few TeVs, contrary to what the proportionality to masses of the ALP couplings may suggest. Although ALPs and HNLs have been mainly studied independently in the literature, considering their interplay may lead to joint limits that are much stronger than those on the individual particles taken separately. This concise study paves the way for similar searches at colliders and other experiments.
Lower sertraline plasma concentration in patients co‐medicated with clozapine—Implications for pharmacological augmentation strategies in schizophrenia
Authors: Gaebler Arnim Johannes , Haen Ekkehard , Omar Nagia Ben , Endres Katharina , Hiemke Christoph , Schoretsanitis Georgios , Paulzen Michael
Published: February 2023

Augmentation of antipsychotic treatment with antidepressants represents a common and beneficial treatment strategy in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Combining clozapine and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) sertraline represents a clinically important strategy in patients with therapy‐resistant schizophrenia, but there is limited knowledge about mutual pharmacokinetic interactions. In the present study, we assessed the impact of clozapine on sertraline plasma concentrations. Based on a therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) database, sertraline plasma concentrations were compared between two groups: patients receiving a combined treatment with sertraline and clozapine (N = 15) and a matched control group receiving sertraline but no clozapine (N = 17). Group differences with respect to raw and dose‐adjusted concentrations were assessed using nonparametric tests. Comedication with clozapine was associated with 67% lower median sertraline plasma concentrations (16 vs. 48 ng/mL; p = .022) and 28% lower median dose‐adjusted plasma concentrations (C/D; 0.21 vs. 0.29 (ng/mL)/(mg/day); p = .049) as compared to the control group. Scatter plots revealed a complex relationship between the dosage of clozapine and dose‐adjusted sertraline concentrations composed of an initial decrease at clozapine doses below 300 mg, an increase between 300 and 600 mg and a final decrease at 800 mg which was best modeled by a third order polynomial term. Cotreatment with clozapine may lead to reduced sertraline plasma concentrations which may be explained by clozapine‐induced gastrointestinal hypo‐mobility already present at low doses and cytochrome P450 3A4 inducing properties at high clozapine doses. For this drug combination, clinicians should consider TDM to confirm therapeutically effective plasma concentrations of sertraline.
Modelling the factors affecting the spatiotemporal distribution of cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala) larvae in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in the UK
Authors: Ortega‐Ramos Patricia A , Mauchline Alice L , Metcalfe Helen , Cook Samantha M , Girling Robbie D , Collins Larissa
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Cabbage stem flea beetle (CSFB; Psylliodes chrysocephala L.) management in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) has become an urgent issue in the absence of permitted and effective insecticides. Understanding the meteorological and management factors affecting their population dynamics has become critical to the development of pest management strategies.

RESULTS

The spatio‐temporal changes in CSFB larval populations were assessed both in autumn and spring, in the UK from 2003 to 2017 (a period encompassing pre‐and post‐neonicotinoid insecticide restriction). After the neonicotinoid ban in 2013, the number of larvae both in autumn and spring increased 10‐fold in the UK. When neonicotinoids were available, later sown crops contained fewer larvae than early sown crops, and bigger fields had fewer larvae than smaller fields, whereas after the ban, bigger fields tended to have more larvae than smaller fields. Wet and mild/hot Septembers were related with higher numbers of larvae when neonicotinoids were available and with lower larval numbers after the neonicotinoid ban. Low temperatures in December and January combined with high rainfall were related with high numbers of larvae in spring both before and after the neonicotinoid ban.

CONCLUSION

This study will help to produce decision support systems that allow future predictions of regional CSFB population changes and will help growers and consultants to adjust their management methods to reduce the risk of high infestations. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Reliability analysis of mechanisms with mixed uncertainties using polynomial chaos expansion
Authors: Fang Yi‐Chuan , Wang Yong‐Juan , Sha Jin‐Long , Gu Tong‐Guang
Published: February 2023

In order to quantify the effect of mixed uncertainties on the reliability of mechanisms, this paper proposes a method for analyzing the reliability of mechanisms with mixed uncertainties using polynomial chaos expansion. Based on the performance margin theory, a mechanism reliability model considering mixed uncertainties is developed, and the Sobol indices can be easily calculated by an arbitrarily polynomial chaos expansion (aPCE) of the reliability function to quantify the independent contribution of each parameter to the global sensitivity and the effect of parameter coupling. Additionally, this paper also introduces a mixed uncertainties propagation method based on PCE, which treats cognitive uncertainties as fuzzy variables, converts the fuzzy variable into an interval variable using cut set theory, and transforms the PCE containing interval uncertainties into a Bernstein polynomial to calculate the membership function of the output quantity and the non‐probabilistic reliability index by area method. The final case study of a simplified automaton motion mechanism illustrates that the proposed method is effective and convincing, and the mechanism reliability decreases with increasing mixed uncertainties. The mechanism reliability index considering mixed uncertainties will give a more conservative reliability estimation.
Performance evaluation of iterative learning control with different sliding mode algorithms for the slip‐ratio control of an electric vehicle
Authors: Dimna Denny C. , Ramesh Kumar P.
Published: February 2023

Developing a control strategy that can handle model uncertainties, external disturbances, and parameter fluctuations is essential for the desired operation of a nonlinear system. An attempt is made to develop such a control algorithm using the Learning Variable Structure Control technique. The proposed controllers have the advantages of both iterative learning control (ILC) and sliding mode control (SMC) such that they can compensate both structured and unstructured uncertainties. They are made comprised of modified‐twisting algorithm and super‐twisting algorithm respectively with the ILC technique. In this article, the performance of the two developed controllers is compared to a traditional SMC‐based ILC approach. Based on simulation results, the super‐twisting algorithm based ILC is found to be superior with reference to speed of convergence and tracking accuracy. This method is used to control the slip‐ratio of an electric vehicle as a specific application in this paper.
Dual Active Sites of Oversaturated Fe‐N5 and Fe2O3 Nanoparticles for Accelerating Redox Kinetics of Polysulfides
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Zhang Youquan , Ma Li , Ma Cheng , Zhang Chunxiao , Chen Yuejiao , Chen Libao , Zhou Liangjun , Wei Weifeng
Published: February 2023

The shuttling effect and sluggish reaction kinetics are the main bottlenecks for the commercial viability of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Metal‐nitrogen‐carbon single atom catalysts have attracted much attention to overcoming these obstacles due to their novel electrocatalytic activity. Herein, a novel cooperative catalytic interface with dual active sites (oversaturated Fe‐N5 and polar Fe2O3 nanocrystals) are co‐embedded in nitrogen‐doped hollow carbon spheres (Fe2O3/Fe‐SA@NC) is designed by fine atomic regulation mechanism. Both experimental verifications and theoretical calculations disclose that the dual active sites (Fe‐N5 and Fe2O3) in this catalyst (Fe2O3/Fe‐SA@NC) tend to form “FeS” and “LiN/O” bond, synchronically enhancing chemical adsorption and interface conversion ability of polysulfides, respectively. Specially, the Fe‐N5 coordination with 3D configuration and sulfiphilic superfine Fe2O3 nanocrystals exhibit the strong adsorption ability to facilitate the subsequent conversion reaction at dual‐sites. Meanwhile, the nitrogen‐doped hollow carbon spheres can promote Li+/electron transfer and physically suppress polysulfides shuttling. Consequently, Li–S battery with the Fe2O3/Fe‐SA@NC‐modified separator exhibits a high capacity retention of 78% after 800 cycles at 1 C (pure S cathode, S content: 70 wt.%). Furthermore, the pouch cell with this separator shows good performance at 0.1 C for practical application (S loading: 4 mg cm−2).
Chloride Adsorbates Enhance the Photocarrier Separation and Promote the Bio‐Syngas Evolution
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Jia Fuao , Kong Fanhao , Wang Min
Published: February 2023

Photocarrier separation and migration to the surface are vital for photocatalysis. However, the mobility of the surface holes and electrons makes them easily recombine before participating in the surface reaction, which constrains the photocatalytic efficiency. Targeting this problem, herein, it is reported that chloride adsorbates enhance the photocarrier separation and promote the bio‐syngas evolution. Chloride, adsorbed on the surface of CdS (CdS‐Cl), can increase the internal electric field and enhance the charge separation and migration to the surface. Moreover, compared with pristine CdS where holes are mobile and distributed on all the surface atoms, CdSCl can reduce the hole mobility via delocalization on specific sites and thus prolong the photocarrier lifetime. This contributes to an 11‐fold enhanced photocatalytic syngas evolution from glycerol. This study reports the pivotal effect of surface adsorbates on photocarrier separation and offers a convenient strategy to prohibit surface holes and electrons recombination for solar energy utilization.Chloride absorbates on CdS contribute to enhanced photocatalytic syngas evolution from glycerol by increasing the internal electric field.
Recent developments in artificial spider silk and functional gel fibers
Authors: Khan Abdul Qadeer , Shafiq Muhammad , Li Jiatian , Yu Kaiqing , Liu Zunfeng , Zhou Xiang , Zhu Meifang
Published: February 2023

It is highly desirable to develop fiber materials with high strength and toughness while increasing fiber strength always results in a decrease in toughness. Spider silk is a natural fiber material with an excellent combination of high strength and toughness, which is produced from the spinning dope solution by gelation and drawing spinning process. This encourages people to prepare artificial fibers by mimicking the material, structure, and spinning of natural spider silk. In this review, we first summarized the preparation of artificial spider silk prepared via such a gelation process from different types of materials, including nonrecombinant proteins, recombinant proteins, polypeptides, synthetic polymers, and polymer nanocomposites. In addition, different spinning approaches for spinning artificial spider silk are also summarized. In the third section, some novel application scenarios of the artificial spider silk were summarized, such as artificial muscles, sensing, and smart fibers.
One‐Dimensional π‐d Conjugated Coordination Polymer Intercalated MXene Compound for High‐Performance Supercapacitor Electrode
Authors: Kim Jin , Ryu Ji Hyung , Jang Moonjeong , Park Seungyoung , Kim Minsu , Lee Kyo Haeng , Choi Seohyun , Yoon Yeoheung , Jung Ha‐Kyun , Lee Sun Sook , An Ki‐Seok
Published: February 2023

MXenes possess the characteristics required for high‐performance supercapacitors, such as high metallic conductivity and electrochemical activity, but their full potential remains unrealized owing to their tendency to self‐restack when fabricated into an electrode. Designing an MXene interlayer with an effective intercalant has, therefore, become an important criterion to alleviate the restacking issue while also synergistically interact with MXene to further improve its electrochemical activity. This study reports the intercalation of 1D π‐d conjugated coordination polymer (Ni‐BTA) within the Ti3C2Tx nanosheet for the fabrication of a highly efficient supercapacitor electrode. Ni‐BTA, which consists of a nickel center and 1,2,4,5‐benzenetetramine (BTA) organic chain, is uniformly intercalated by direct synthesis on the abundant oxygen terminals on the Ti3C2Tx nanosheet surface. The intercalated Ni‐BTA acts as an effective charge carrier transportation pathway through its 1D stretched delocalized π‐d electrons while participating in pseudocapacitive activity with the Ni centers. As a result, the Ni‐BTA/MXene film exhibits excellent rate performance and a gravimetric specific capacitance of 264.4 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1. This magnitude is retained up to 94.6% after 10 000 cycles. The present study provides insights into the design of MXene interlayers for the fabrication of highly robust and stable supercapacitors.
Synergistic Fluorine⋅⋅⋅Sulfur Intra‐ and Intermolecular Interactions on Dopant‐Free Hole Transport Material for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Rui , Zhang Jiakang , Liu Maning , Matta Sri Kasi , Tian Jingshu , Deng Zhifeng , Russo Salvy P. , Vivo Paola , Zhou Zhongmin , Zhang Haichang
Published: February 2023

Designing dopant‐free small‐molecule hole transport materials (HTMs) with self‐assembly behavior via noncovalent interactions is considered as one effective strategy to achieve high‐performance inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, two donor‐π bridge‐donor (D–π–D) HTMs are presented, TPASF and TPAOF, containing 3,6‐dimethoxythieno[3,2‐b]thiophene as a core part with 3‐fluoro‐N,N‐bis(4‐(methylthio)phenyl)aniline and 3‐fluoro‐N,N‐bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)aniline as side group. The synergistic F⋅⋅⋅S dipole–dipole intra‐ and intermolecular interactions in TPASF drive the self‐assembly of this molecule into a supramolecular nanofibrillar network, leading to high hole mobility, superior interfacial properties, and providing a good growth template for the perovskite layer atop. The corresponding dopant‐free TPASF‐based inverted devices exhibit a promising power conversion efficiency of 21.01% with a long T
80 lifetime of ≈632 h under operational conditions. This work paves the way for the further development of new dopant‐free self‐assembled HTM designs for highly efficient and stable inverted PSCs.
The decision is in the details: Justifying decisions about socioscientific issues
Authors: Bader Jordan D. , Ahearn Kelsey A. , Allen Beverly A. , Anand Diya M. , Coppens Andrew D. , Aikens Melissa L.
Published: February 2023

Controversial scientific issues, or socioscientific issues (SSIs), demand the consideration of more than scientific content when constructing decisions. The Justification for Knowing framework (JFK) was developed to categorize the information sources drawn upon when making SSI decisions within the academic domain of natural sciences. These information sources stem from personal sources (JPS), authoritative sources (JAS), or multiple sources (JMS). However, these sources may not explain the array of knowledge claims reflected upon during SSI decision making. This qualitative study aims to explore each JFK belief dimension across two SSIs and asks how contextual features are contributing to the selection of these beliefs. College students (N = 199) from various disciplines at a research‐intensive public institution responded to a modified Decision‐Making Questionnaire consisting of two SSI context scenarios. Participants responded to open‐ended prompts asking them if they support the proposed SSI decision and to explain their decision. Through two rounds of thematic coding, we found several subdimensions of JAS and found how students are utilizing JPS. Although the frequency of these broad sources did not differ between contexts, we saw differences within the types of sources reflected upon within each context. We also found that SSI context may ignite specific identity commitments that operate as a vehicle to the selection of knowledge sources when an individual is supporting their SSI decisions. The results of this study provide insight into specific information sources students rely upon when justifying their knowledge. Furthermore, this work emphasizes how identity commitments may be contributing to the selection of these information sources during SSI decision‐making tasks.
Plant and mule deer responses to pinyon‐juniper removal by three mechanical methods
Authors: Johnston Danielle Bilyeu , Anderson Charles R.
Published: February 2023

Land managers in western North America often reverse succession by removing pinyon (Pinus spp.) and juniper (Juniperus spp.) trees to reduce fire risk and increase forage for wildlife and livestock. Because prescribed fire carries inherent risks, mechanical methods such as chaining, roller‐chopping, and mastication are often used. Mechanical methods differ in cost and the size of woody debris produced, and may differentially impact plant and animal responses. We implemented a randomized, complete‐block, split‐plot experiment in December 2011 in the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado, USA, to compare mechanical methods and to explore seeding (subplot) interactions. We assessed vegetation 1‐, 2‐, 5‐, and 6‐years post‐treatment, and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) response via GPS locations 3–8 years post‐treatment. By 2016, treated plots had 3–5 times higher perennial grass cover and ~10 times higher cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) cover than untreated control plots. Roller‐chopped plots had both the highest non‐native annual forb cover, and when seeded, the highest density of bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata), a nutritious shrub used by mule deer. Masticated plots had higher bitterbrush use during summer and fall, leaving less forage available for winter. Days of winter mule deer use from GPS point locations in chained and roller‐chopped plots was ~70% higher than in control plots, while winter use in masticated plots was similar to control plots. Mule deer use appears related to a combination of hiding cover, resulting from residual woody debris, and winter forage availability. Roller‐chopped plots provide the best combination of hiding cover and winter forage, but mastication or chaining, applied leaving dispersed security cover, may be better options at large scales or when invasive species concerns exist.
Existence of Solutions, Qualitative Properties and Examples
Authors: Velichkov Bozhidar
Published: February 2023

In this section, we prove that local minimizers of the functional
$$\mathcal F_\Lambda $$

ℱ

Λ

do exist (Proposition 2.1) and we give several important examples of local minimizers that can be computed explicitly (Proposition 2.10, Lemmas 2.15 and 2.16).
The Weiss Monotonicity Formula and Its Consequences
Authors: Velichkov Bozhidar
Published: February 2023

This chapter is dedicated to the monotonicity formula for the boundary adjusted energy introduced by Weiss in [52]. Precisely, for every Λ ≥ 0 and every u ∈ H1(B1).
Frame Analysis
Authors: Hamborg Felix
Published: February 2023

This chapter details the last component of person-oriented framing analysis: frame analysis. The component aims to classify how persons are portrayed in news articles. The chapter introduces and discusses two approaches for this task. First, it briefly presents an exploratory approach that aims to classify fine-grained categories of how persons are portrayed. Afterward, the chapter introduces the first method for target-dependent sentiment classification in the domain of news articles. The dataset and method enable sentiment classification in a domain that could not reliably be analyzed earlier. Lastly, the chapter argues for using the latter approach in the frame analysis component, in particular because of its high classification performance.
Suppression exponent for multiparticle production in λϕ4 theory
Authors: Demidov S. V. , Farkhtdinov B. R. , Levkov D. G.
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We compute the probability of producing n particles from few colliding particles in the unbroken (3 + 1)-dimensional λϕ4 theory. To this end we numerically implement semiclassical method of singular solutions which works at n ≫ 1 in the weakly coupled regime λ ≪ 1. For the first time, we obtain reliable results in the region of exceptionally large final-state multiplicities n ≫ λ−1 where the probability decreases exponentially with n, $$ \mathcal{P}\left(\textrm{few}\to n\right)\sim \exp \left\{{f}_{\infty}\left(\varepsilon \right)n\right\} $$
P

few
→
n

~
exp

f
∞

ε

n

, and its slope f∞ < 0 depends on the mean kinetic energy ε of produced particles. In the opposite case n ≪ λ−1 our data match well-known tree-level result, and they interpolate between the two limits at n ~ λ−1. Overall, this proves exponential suppression of the multiparticle production probability at n ≫ 1 and arbitrary ε in the unbroken theory. Using numerical solutions, we critically analyze the mechanism for multiple Higgs boson production suggested in the literature. Application of our technique to the scalar theory with spontaneously broken symmetry can eradicate (or confirm) it in the nearest future.
Infrared physics of the 3D SU(2) adjoint Higgs model at the crossover transition
Authors: Niemi Lauri , Rummukainen Kari , Seppä Riikka , Weir David J.
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We study the crossover phase transition of the SU(2) Georgi-Glashow model in three dimensions. In this model, a confining condensate of topological ’t Hooft-Polyakov monopoles exists in the Higgs regime. We use lattice Monte Carlo simulations to study the monopole gas across a crossover transition, and demonstrate that gradient flow can be used to renormalize the otherwise divergent monopole number density. The condensation of the monopoles means that the theory admits also a massive photon-like excitation. We show that the renormalized monopole number density is approximately proportional to the square of the photon mass, in agreement with semiclassical results. Our results give insight into behaviour of the Higgs regime near crossover, which has boarder implications for beyond the Standard Model theories containing adjoint scalar fields.
Spectrum continuity and level repulsion: the Ising CFT from infinitesimal to finite ε
Authors: Henriksson Johan , Kousvos Stefanos R. , Reehorst Marten
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Using numerical conformal bootstrap technology we perform a non-perturbative study of the Ising CFT and its spectrum from infinitesimal to finite values of ε = 4 – d. Exploiting the recent navigator bootstrap method in conjunction with the extremal functional method, we test various qualitative and quantitative features of the ε-expansion. We follow the scaling dimensions of numerous operators from the perturbatively controlled regime to finite coupling. We do this for ℤ2-even operators up to spin 12 and for ℤ2-odd operators up to spin 6 and find a good matching with perturbation theory. In the finite coupling regime we observe two operators whose dimensions approach each other and then repel, a phenomenon known as level repulsion and which can be analyzed via operator mixing. Our work improves on previous studies in both increased precision and the number of operators studied, and is the first to observe level repulsion in the conformal bootstrap.
The reflected entanglement spectrum for free fermions
Authors: Dutta Souvik , Faulkner Thomas , Lin Simon
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We consider the reflected entropy and the associated entanglement spectrum for free fermions reduced to two intervals in 1 + 1 dimensions. Working directly in the continuum theory the reflected entropy can be extracted from the spectrum of a singular integral equation whose kernel is determined by the known free fermion modular evolved correlation function. We find the spectrum numerically and analytically in certain limits. For intervals that almost touch the reflected entanglement spectrum approaches the spectrum of the thermal density matrix. This suggests that the reflected entanglement spectrum is well suited to the task of extracting physical data of the theory directly from the ground state wave function.
Schatten Classes and Commutators of Riesz Transform on Heisenberg Group and Applications
Authors: Fan Zhijie , Lacey Michael , Li Ji
Published: February 2023

We study commutators with the Riesz transforms on the Heisenberg group $${\mathbb {H}}^{n}$$

H

n

. The Schatten norm of these commutators is characterized in terms of Besov norms of the symbol. This generalizes the classical Euclidean results of Peller, Janson–Wolff and Rochberg–Semmes. The method in proof bypasses the use of Fourier analysis, allowing us to address not just the Riesz transforms, but also the Cauchy–Szegő projection and second order Riesz transforms on $${\mathbb {H}}^{n}$$

H

n

among other settings.
Influence of binder concentration in zeolitic ZSM-5/bentonite 3D-printed monoliths manufactured through robocasting for catalytic applications
Authors: Koltsakidis Savvas , Koidi Vasiliki , Lappas Angelos , Heracleous Eleni , Tzetzis Dimitrios
Published: February 2023

In this work, a 3D printing method, robocasting was utilized to manufacture zeolite ZSM-5-based woodpile monolith catalysts of approximately 10-mm diameter, using bentonite clay as binding matrix. The effect of three different binder concentrations, in the 40–60 wt.% range, on the rheological, physicochemical, and mechanical properties was examined. The rheometer measurements showed that the printing pastes have identical shear thinning behavior and demonstrate sufficient storage modulus, irrespective of the binder concentration. The printed monoliths had high BET surface areas and porosity. The results showed that the ZSM-5 crystals retained their porous structure, textural characteristics, and crystalline structure during the additive manufacturing process. Pyridine FTIR measurements demonstrated reduced total acidity and number of Brønsted acid sites in the final specimens due to the dilution with the bentonite powder. However, the acidity reduction was roughly proportional to the binder concentration, signifying that the ZSM-5 crystallites also retain their acidity during the robocasting printing. Finally, the mechanical reliability of the thermally treated monoliths was determined by calculating the Weibull modulus values through linear regression of the Weibull equation. The increase in the binder concentration increased the compression strength by a factor of 4.5 and achieved superior mechanical reliability.

Graphical abstract
Complexity-minded antitrust
Authors: Petit Nicolas , Schrepel Thibault
Published: February 2023

Complexity science permeates the policy spectrum but not antitrust. This is unfortunate. Complexity science provides a high-resolution screen on the empirical realities of markets. And it enables a rich understanding of competition, beyond the reductionist descriptions of markets and firms proposed by neoclassical models and their contemporary neo-Brandeisian critique. New insights arise from the key teachings of complexity science, like feedback loops and the role of uncertainty. The present article lays down the building blocks of a complexity-minded antitrust method.
When does an additional stage improve welfare in centralized assignment?
Authors: Doğan Battal , Yenmez M. Bumin
Published: February 2023

We study multistage centralized assignment systems to allocate scarce resources based on priorities in the context of school choice. We characterize schools’ capacity-priority profiles under which an additional stage of assignment may improve student welfare when the deferred acceptance algorithm is used at each stage. If the capacity-priority profile is acyclic, then no student prefers any subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium (SPNE) outcome of the 2-stage system to the truthful dominant-strategy equilibrium outcome of the 1-stage system. If the capacity-priority profile is not acyclic, then an SPNE outcome of the 2-stage system may Pareto dominate the truthful dominant-strategy equilibrium outcome of the 1-stage system. If students are restricted to playing truncation strategies, an additional stage unambiguously improves student welfare: no student prefers the truthful dominant-strategy equilibrium outcome of the 1-stage system to any SPNE outcome of the 2-stage system.
Vertebral and pelvic echinococcosis in northwestern China
Authors: Yang Laihong , Tuxunjiang Pahati , Liu Wenya , Guo Hui
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Echinococcosis remains a major economic and severe public health problem in endemic areas. Bone echinococcosis is rare, and the vertebra and pelvis are the most common sites of echinococcosis involving the skeletal. Because of the clinical severe symptoms and high recurrence rate, it brings excellent trouble to patients.

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, radiological findings, and treatment of 44 patients with vertebral and pelvic echinococcosis during a period of 16 years (2005–2020).

Results

The mean age was 43 years (25 males, 19 females; 19–68 years). The most common symptom was pain, followed by numbness, weakness, activity limitation, and progressive paraparesis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test (ELISA) results were positive in 18 cases (75%). There are 24 cases of hydatid infection of the spine, 14 hydatid infection of the pelvis, and six hydatid infection of both vertebra and pelvis. The site of infection was 13 (29.5%) thoracic, five (11.4%) lumbar, four (9.1%) lumbosacral, seven (15.9%) sacral, 19 (43.2%) ilium, seven (15.9%) hip, six (13.6%) ischium, five (11.4%) pubis, and two (4.5%) femur, respectively. The imaging findings were cystic dilatancy, septal, and irregular bone destruction. MRI has a special value in showing the relationship between the surrounding tissues and organs of cystic bone echinococcosis. All patients were followed up for at least one year. The mean follow-up time was 3.6 years.

Conclusions

Even in epidemic areas, the incidence of bone echinococcosis is relatively rare. However, when encountering the vertebral and pelvic destruction, consider bone echinococcosis’s possibility, especially for the herdsmen in endemic regions.
A Systematic Analysis of the Nasal Septum in Crooked Noses and Suggested Treatment Algorithm According to Preservation Rhinoplasty (PR) Principles
Authors: Tremp Mathias , Schneider Jonas , Raghu Ram Badari Narayan , Goksel Abdulkadir , Saban Yves
Published: February 2023

Background

A deviated nose is a common problem among patients for both cosmetic and functional reasons. The correction remains a major challenge for the rhinoplasty surgeon. Unrecognized nasal septal deviations stand as the primary reason for failed rhinoplasty outcomes. There is a paucity of data in the literature about septoplasty classifications and technical details in preservation rhinoplasty (PR) for various crooked noses.

Materials and Methods

The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the various septum deviations according to the nasal axis. Moreover, a treatment algorithm is suggested with technical details based on PR principles.

Results

The directions and curvature of the cartilaginous deviation of crooked nose such as C-shaped, reverse C-shaped, straight axis deviations (I-shaped), and S-shaped are described. According to the deviation, a septoplasty classification (Type 1–Type 4) is suggested.

Conclusions

On the basis of septal deviation, different PR techniques are proposed to achieve the desired straight nasal dorsum with an optimal functional outcome. Compared to the classical L-strut concept, the quadrangular cartilage remains preserved in the swinging door technique. The cartilage might be further used in the future for grafting in the hybrid structural/preservation technique if needed, ultimately saving rib cartilage and/or conchal cartilage. Finally, surgery time is reduced, and patient’s morbidity remains minimal.

Level of Evidence III

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Use of thrombopoietin receptor agonists in adults with immune thrombocytopenia: a systematic review and Central European expert consensus
Authors: Pulanić Dražen , Bátorová Angelika , Bodó Imre , Červinek Libor , Ionita Ioana , Lissitchkov Toshko , Melikyan Anahit , Podolak-Dawidziak Maria
Published: February 2023

There are currently three thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) approved in Europe for treating patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP): romiplostim (Nplate®), eltrombopag (Revolade®), and avatrombopag (Doptelet®). However, comparative clinical data between these TPO-RAs are limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to perform a literature review and seek expert opinion on the relevance and strength of the evidence concerning the use of TPO-RAs in adults with ITP. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Embase within the last 10 years and until June 20, 2022. A total of 478 unique articles were retrieved and reviewed for relevance. The expert consensus panel comprised ITP senior hematologists from eight countries across Central Europe. The modified Delphi method, consisting of two survey rounds, a teleconference and email correspondence, was used to reach consensus. Forty articles met the relevancy criteria and are included as supporting evidence, including five meta-analyses analyzing all three European-licensed TPO-RAs and comprising a total of 31 unique randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Consensus was reached on seven statements for the second-line use of TPO-RAs in the management of adult ITP patients. In addition, the expert panel discussed TPO-RA treatment in chronic ITP patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 and ITP patients in the first-line setting but failed to reach consensus. This work will facilitate informed decision-making for healthcare providers treating adult ITP patients with TPO-RAs. However, further studies are needed on the use of TPO-RAs in the first-line setting and specific patient populations.
Psychoanalytisches Standardverfahren und Übertragungsfokussierte Psychotherapie
Authors: Braun Marion , Köpp Werner
Published: February 2023

Seit den siebziger Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts hat sich das Spektrum seelischer Störungen von der neurotischen Konfliktpathologie hin zu strukturellen Störungen der Persönlichkeit verschoben. Sigmund Freud hielt solche Patientinnen und Patienten zu seiner Zeit für schwer oder gar nicht analysierbar. Die Weiterentwicklung der Psychoanalyse brachte es aber mit sich, dass durch Modifikationen der Standardtechnik auch solche Krankheitsbilder wie narzisstische Persönlichkeitsstörungen oder Borderline-Störungen behandelbar wurden. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die Gemeinsamkeiten von psychoanalytischer Standardtechnik und Übertragungsfokussierter Psychotherapie sowie die Unterschiede zwischen beiden Therapieformen dar. Außerdem wird die Notwendigkeit erörtert, die Kandidatinnen und Kandidaten in psychoanalytischer Aus- und Weiterbildung auch mit notwendigen Modifikationen in der analytischen Psychotherapie vertraut zu machen.