bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ciddi Akut Böbrek Hasarı Gelişen Multiple Skleroz Olgusu
Authors: ÇİLEK BALİMRE Burcu , ERDOĞAN EROĞLU Ceren , ŞENGÜL Erkan , YILMAZ GÜNEŞ Zahide , YILDIZ TOKSÖZ Didem
Published: December 2022

Multipl skleroz (MS), merkezi sinir sisteminin en sık görülen nöroinflamatuar hastalığıdır. Alt üriner sistem disfonksiyonu MS’li hastalarda sık ve önemli bir problemdir. Hastaların çoğu mesane aktivasyonunda artış ve detrüsör kas dissinerjisine bağlı mesane boşalmasındaki yetersizlik ile başvurur. Literatürde bu hastalarda ciddi akut böbrek hasarı nadir gelişen bir durumdur. Bu çalışmada, ciddi akut böbrek hasarı (ABH) gelişen 41 yaşında 15 yıl önce MS tanısı koyulan kadın hasta sunulmuştur. İdrar miktarında azalma, bacaklarda ödem, yürüme güçlüğü, çift görme şikayeti ile acil servise başvuran hastanın fizik muayenesinde glob vezikale, pretibial +3 ödem, sol alt ekstremitede güç kaybı, sol gözde nistagmus saptandı. Böbrek hastalığı öyküsü olmayan hastanın yapılan laboratuvar tetkiklerinde üre >268 mg/dl, kreatinin: 26.74 mg/dl saptandı. Akut böbrek hastalığı KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes) sınıflamasına göre evre 3 olarak kabul edildi. Bilgisayarlı tomografi ve üriner ultrasonografide bilateral hidronefroz dışında patolojiye rastlanılmadı. Mesane kateteriazasyonu sonrası rezidüel idrar volümü toplam 7000 mL olarak saptandı. Hastanın renal fonksiyonlarının iyileşmesi idrar kateterizasyonu ve destekleyici tedavi ile 10 gün içerisinde sağlandı. MS’li hastalarda alt üriner sistem disfonksiyonunun erken tesbiti mortalite ve morbiditeye neden olabileceği için önemlidir. Bu nedenle tüm MS’li hastalar nöroürolojik açıdan değerlendirilmelidir.
Multiple Sklerozda Periferik Sinir Sistemi Tutulumunun Araştırılması
Authors: ÇAKIR Tümay , ÖZTÜRK Ayhan
Published: December 2022

Multipl sklerozda (MS) santral sinir sistemi tutulması ön planda olduğu için perferik sinir iletimi çalışmalarında herhangi bir anormallik beklenmez. Ancak literatürde MS'li hastalarda periferik sinir iletim çalışmaları anormallikleri destekleyen çalışmalarda vardır. Bizim bu çalışmadaki amacımız Relapsing-Remitting formdaki MS'li (RRMS) hastalarda periferik sinir tutulumunun olup olmadığını, periferik sinir iletim çalışmaları ile ortaya koymaktır. 2001 yılında revize edilen McDonalds kriterlerine göre kesin RRMS tanısı alan 20 kişilik hasta grubu ile 15 kişilik kontrol grubu arasında yapılan elektromiyografi (EMG) ile median, peroneal, tibial ve sural sinirlerde ileti hızı, distal latans (DL) ve aksiyon potansiyeli amplitüt değerleri karşılaştırılması yapıldı. Hasta ve kontrol grubunda arasında yapılan EMG çalışmalarının karşılaştırılmasında ileti hızı, DL, aksiyon potansiyeli amplitütleri arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunamamıştır. Bizim yaptığımız sinir ileti çalışmalarında MS’li hastalarla, kontrol gurubu arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunamamış olmasına rağmen, çeşitli çalışmalarda MS’li hasta alt gruplarında yaklaşık %5 ile %14 arasında periferik sinir tutulumu gözlenmiştir. Bu konuda daha geniş örneklem büyüklüğüyle ve daha kapsamlı yapılacak çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Upper Limb Thrombosis Revealing Gastric Adenocarcinoma in A Young Patient
Authors: Leïla BARAKAT , Merieme BENZAKOUR , Mina MOUDATIR , Khadija ECHCHILALI , Hassan EL KABLI
Published: December 2022

The association between thromboembolic disease and cancer is frequent. Unusual localizations require an exhaustive etiological assessment, with the search for an occult neoplasia. We report the case of a young patient with no digestive symptoms who presented with an unusual upper limb thrombosis revealing gastric adenocarcinoma.
The Incidence And Different Risk Factors For The Recurrence Of Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Seema Sharafat , Zahid Khan , Naeem ul Haq
Published: December 2022

Background and Aim: Chronic subdural hematoma is a neurosurgical condition that represents degradation of liquefied blood collected abnormally beneath the dura that typically forms within three weeks. The recurrent rates of chronic subdural hematoma after surgery varies from 5% to 30%. However, different risk factors that lead to recurrent chronic subdural hematoma remain debatable. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the incidence and different risk factors for recurrent chronic subdural hematoma.

Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted on 206 chronic subdural hematoma patients admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan for the duration from 1st July 2020 to 30th June 2022. Prior to study conduction, ethical approval was taken from the institute ethical committee. Demographic details, trauma history, surgical intervention types, antithrombotic therapy, surgical drain usage, preoperative symptoms, postoperative symptoms, and clinical outcomes were retrieved from the medical record. SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. 

Results: Out of 206 chronic subdural hematoma patients, there were 164 (79.6%) males and 42 (20.4%) females. The overall mean age was 62.9±16.2 years. The prevalence of recurrent chronic subdural hematoma was 28 (13.6%). The incidence of previous head trauma was found in 138 (67%) patients. The prevalence of left-side, right-side, and bilateral hematoma was 82 (39.8%), 58 (28.2%), and 66 (32%) respectively. In terms of hematoma density, the incidence of homogeneous hypo-dense, homogenous iso-dense, homogeneous hyperdense type, laminar type, separated type, and trabecular type were seen in 40 (19.4%), 46 (22.3%), 16 (7.8%), 10 (4.9%), 36 (17.4%), and 58 (28.2%) respectively. The overall mean of drainage time after initial intervention was 1.6± 0.8 days. All the patients underwent successful chronic subdural hematoma surgery.

Conclusion: The present study found that the prevalence of recurrent chronic subdural hematoma was 13.6%. Male patients are more susceptible to chronic subdural hematoma recurrence compared to female patients. Post-surgery subdural drainage duration and homogeneous hyper-dense hematoma were the independent prognosticator of recurrent chronic subdural hematoma. The risk of recurrence was lower in cases where postoperative drainage of the subdural had longer duration.
Examination of the studies done on the reading understanding skills of primary school students
Authors: TURAN Aşır
Published: December 2022

Reading and reading comprehension skills are an important stage in the educational process of children. Learning skills that begin with birth continue throughout human life. The aim of this study is to examine the studies carried out to improve the reading comprehension skills of primary school students according to certain criteria and to determine the general trend in the field. In the realization of the study, steps were followed according to the descriptive survey model. As a result of the literature review, 51 studies that met the inclusion criteria were examined. The studies included in the research were analyzed using the information form prepared by the researchers. In the study, descriptive content analysis, one of the types of systematic review approach, was used. As a result of the research, it was seen that the studies aimed at improving reading comprehension mostly consisted of master's theses, the sample group was concentrated at the 4th grade level, they were carried out with an experimental research model, the strategies, methods and techniques applied varied, and mostly had a positive effect on the development of reading comprehension skills.
PRÁTICAS CONTEMPORÂNEAS NO PROCESSO ENSINO APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Guimaraes Junior Jose Carlos , Bueno Vieira Fernando , Bonfim Santos Laurita Christina , Carneiro Braga Francisco , De Santana Marttem Costa , Santos Cabeleira Marciele Dias , Araújo de Alencar Katia Regina , Soares Corrêa Leylanne Amorim , Ferreira dos Santos Jefferson Davi
Published: December 2022

O foco deste estudo é abordar as questões das práticas inovadoras e seus benefícios  no processo ensino aprendizagem nas suas mais variadas formas. Para isso foram realizados levantamentos de dados na base de dados Online, tais quais: Google Acadêmico, SciELO, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), e na base de dados Web Of Science, e as seguintes palavras-chave: práticas inovadoras, metodologias ativas, aprendizagem e benefícios. Existe um conjunto de práticas inovadoras, nomeadamente: utilização de aplicações, gamificação, protagonismo do aluno, sala de aula invertida, conhecimento integrado, inclusão escolar, competências socioemocionais. Essas práticas podem e devem estar relacionadas a metodologias ativas. Foi difícil encontrar informações na literatura sobre essas práticas inovadoras. O contexto é voltado para o ensino universitário.
Küreselleşmenin Yeni Medya Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: KÖROĞLU Gökhan , SAĞLAM Murat
Published: December 2022

Teknoloji çağı olarak yaşadığımız günümüzde yaşamlarını sürdüren bireyler yine çağa ismini veren teknolojik ilerlemeler nedeniyle değişim ve dönüşüm geçirmelerine neden olmuştur. Ortaya çıkan yeni durumlara uyum sağlama zorunluluğu, insanların bireysel alışkanlıklarında da değişim ve döşüme uyum sağlamasını zorunlu kılmıştır. Teknolojinin insan yaşamında kendini en fazla hissettiren alanları ise dijitalleşme ve dijitalleşmeden temel alınarak ortaya çıkmış olan yeni medya ortamlarının sağladığı ağ temelli iletişim yapısı olduğu ifade edilebilir. Toplumların ve ulusların benliklerinin derinliğinde varlığı reddedilemeyen teknolojinin değişim ve dönüşümü, dijitalleşme ve yeni medya ortamlarını hem desteklemekte hem de çeşitlendirmesiyle birlikte kullanıcılara sanal dünyada, eğlenme ve boş vakit geçirme anlamında gerçeklikte ve pratikte yerini almaktadır. Bununla birlikte yeni medya ortamlarına egemen devletlerin, emperyalist hedefleri için kolaylık sağlayan bir araç görevini de ifa etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, toplumların çevresini, yaşam biçimlerini, kültürlerini değiştiren yeni medya ortamları küreselleşme bağlamında incelenmeye çalışılacaktır. Yeni medya ortamlarının ve dijitalleşmenin oluşum süreci ile birlikte bu kavramların meydana getirdikleri sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik değişimlerin toplum üzerindeki etkilerine yönelik yeni bir bakış açısı kazanılabilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Öğrenci Apartlarında Çalışan Kadınların İş Yaşamı Deneyimleri: Niğde Örneği
Authors: ÜNLÜ Seda , GEÇGİN Ercan
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Niğde merkezde bulunan 5 ayrı öğrenci apartında çalışan kadınların işgücü piyasasındaki deneyimlerini ve bunun toplumsal rollerine etkisini etnografik yönteme göre araştırmaktır. Bu doğrultuda, Ekim 2021 ve Haziran 2022 tarihinde katılımcı gözlem ve 2022’nin Şubat ve Mart aylarında 13 çalışan kadınla derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırma neticesinde kadınların maddi imkânlarının yetersizliğinin işgücü piyasasına katılma sürecinde birincil rol oynadığı görülmüştür. Çalışma yaşamı, kadınların toplumsal benliğini inşa etme biçimlerini değiştirmektedir. Kadınlar kamusal alana dâhil oldukça bireysellikleri, sosyalleşmeleri ve özgüvenleri de artmaktadır. Çalışma yaşamı kadının güçlenmesinde etkin rol oynamasına rağmen ev içi işlerde iş bölümünün olmamasından dolayı toplumsal rollerinin değişmesi yönünde bazı dirençlerin olduğu da görülmüştür. İşlerine dair problemlerle baş etmede kadınlar iki strateji gütmektedirler: 1) probleme odaklanmak ve çözülene kadar çaba göstermek; 2) problemin işverene taşınması durumunda sessiz kalmak. İşten çıkarılma korkusu susma nedenlerinden sayılabilir. Çalışma ortamında takım ilişkisinin olduğu, işverenin erkek olduğu durumlarda etkileşimlerin mesafeli, işverenlerin kadın olduğu durumlarda birincil ilişkilerin kurulduğu ve öğrencilerle duygusal emeği ifade eden ailevi bağların tesis edildiği keşfedilen bulgular arasındadır.
Sudski spor iz 1644–46. godine o navodno iskopanom blagu u Visorima
Authors: Dostović Nihad
Published: December 2022

THE COURT CASE FROM 1644–1646 ON THE ALLEGEDLY EXCAVATED TREASURE IN VISORI This paper presents the transliteration, translation and study of the hujjet recorded in the Tuzla sijjil (court protocols) from 1644–1646. The greater part of this Sijjil is preserved in Gazi Husrev Bey’s Library in Sarajevo as part of the legacy of Osman-ef. Sokolović, while one small part, a couple of foils, of this sijjil is kept in the Archives of the Tuzla Canton. This document in the form of hujjet, which is just one of the many interesting documents recorded in the Tuzla sijjil, is about a treasure supposedly excavated in the village of Visori. The village of Visori, as can be concluded from this entry, belonged to the judgeship (ḳaḍā) of Memlehateyn (Tuzla). The document gives us a more complete picture of the relationship between the central eyelet / provincial government and the government at the local level. The article provides a broader analysis of the document in the context of the historical reality of the 17th century in the judgeship of Memlehatey / Tuzla. Also, the broader aspect of the importance of villages with certain privileges, such as Visori, is analyzed. Keywords: Sijjil of Tuzla, district (nahiye) of Visori, judgeship (ḳadā) of Tuzla, excavated treasure (defīne), judicial government, mukata
SEYİTÖMER HÖYÜK EARLY BRONZE AGE CLAY BRUSH HANDLES
Authors: KAPUCİ Asuman
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Seyitömer Höyük, located in Central Western Anatolia, emphasises the station settlement model, which is a transitional location in terms of geography and cultural-commercial relations via intensity of production both with its architectural structure template and material culture elements and in the 3rd millennium BC. Considering the lack of a detailed study on other samples of this archaeological find group in Anatolia, the evaluation of the clay brush handles belonging to the Early Bronze Age II and Early Bronze Age III levels that was found at Seyitömer Höyük can be considered as a unique study. The Seyitömer Höyük brush handles, which constitute the subject of this study, are the samples found in Levels V and VI. Various evaluations have been carried out on this group of finds in line with their typological classification, spatial context analysis and intended use. Seyitömer Höyük brush handles are typologically represented by three types. In the spatial context analysis, the necessity of evaluating the brush handles together with a finds package and therefore the association of finds within the sites has been taken into consideration. Thanks to the analyses carried out on this group of finds, the deficiency in the literature regarding to the intended use of the brush handles was tried to be overcome. Finally, analogical analyses of clay brush handles have been carried out in order to make comparisons with other examples in Anatolia, and thus to reveal the harmony or differences of the brushes among the material culture items of Seyitömer Höyük with other settlements. Initially, as a result of the comparative analysis, it can be observed that the brush handles from Seyitömer Höyük are similar in form and find context to the brush handles found in Western Anatolia. Secondly, the existence of common similarities with examples from regions other than Western Anatolia is also revealed. In this context, it is thought that the evaluation of the brush handles will contribute to the understanding of Seyitömer Höyük's cultural ties with the region and more distant regions.
The Relation Between Symptoms of Premenstrual Term of Nurses Who Work in Kars and Predisposition to Somatization
Authors: GELİR Ayşe Gül , ELİŞ YILDIZ Sevda
Published: December 2022

This research is conducted to determine the relation between symptoms of premenstrual term of nurses who work in Kars and predisposition to somatization. This is a cross-sectional research. The population of this research are consisted of 108 nurses who work in Kars Kafkas University Training and Research Hospital in the process of the study. Any sample from population is not selected however 87 nurses who are proper for study criterias and present at the time of research participated voluntarily. During data collection Survey, premenstrual syndrome scale and somatization scale are used by researcher. Descriptive statistics (average, standard deviation, minimum, maximum), frequencies for categorical variables (score, percentage), t test, Mann Whitney U, Pearson Corelation, Kruskal-Wallis test are used while data evaluation. The level of Premenstrual Syndrom of the participants 124,80±42,969. Somatization level is 14,49±5,471. It is found 49% positive way relation between Somatization and Premenstrual Syndrom as a result of corelation analysis applied. As a result of research it is determined that there is a signicifant relation between Premenstrual Syndrom and Somatization. It is detected that women who has Premenstrual Syndrom are negatively affected in daily and working life.
ENDOMETRIALHYPERPLASIA AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH P16 STROMAL EXPRESSION OF ENDOMETRIAL POLYPS: REVIEW
Authors: YURTKAL Aslıhan , CANDAY Müjde , BEŞEREN Hatice
Published: December 2022

Recently, p16 stromal expression has been reported in the examination of endometrial serous adenocarcinomas associated with endometrial polyps. Therefore, endometrial polyps are defined as preneoplastic formations in some textbooks. Due to these different expressions of stromal cells in endometrial polyps, we wanted to present the place of p16 expressions in stromal tissue in endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial polyps in the differential diagnosis in our review article.
¿La antropología pomponazziana se puede llamar aristotélica? Interpretación y superación del De anima de Aristóteles en el pensamiento pomponazziano
Authors: Gallo Francesco Luigi
Published: December 2022

La historiografía oficial sitúa al filósofo renacentista Pietro Pomponazzi en la vasta y heterogénea tradición aristotélica. Esta posición, que en principio es asumida como veraz por la historiografía filosófica, parece sin embargo inadecuada al menos en lo que se refiere a los aspectos antropológicos de la reflexión del Mantuano. Por lo tanto, el propósito de esta contribución es mostrar cómo la antropología del De inmortalitate animae (1516), lejos de ser una fiel doctrina aristotélica, es más bien una concepción filosófica original en todos los aspectos, aunque resulte enmascarada por su autor y presentada simplemente como ‘interpretación correcta del Estagirita’. La reflexión sobre la ambigüedad y problemática del De anima de Aristóteles ocupará gran parte del estudio, ya que es precisamente la estructura de "malla ancha" del tratado aristotélico la que permitió una rica proliferación de interpretaciones diferentes que, de hecho, fueron luego transformadas en verdaderas doctrinas antropológicas originales (como la de Pomponazzi).
Development of a Pasta Recipe Using Whole Grain Flour
Authors: Saidov A. M. , Kalitka D. A. , Moldakhmetova Z. K. , Ekaterininskaya E. M. , Zhangabylova N. D. , Balguzhinova J. E.
Published: December 2022

A healthy lifestyle is at the peak of its popularity, therefore, manufacturers are interested in creating new products that comply with the principles of a healthy balanced diet. Pasta is constantly in great demand among residents of many countries, so they are a promising object for enrichment and the use of non-traditional raw materials for the production of pasta. The purpose of the study was the use of non-traditional raw materials for the production of pasta, in connection with which the tasks were set: the development of a recipe for pasta with increased biological value, analysis of the quality of the finished product. In the course of this study, it was found that the introduction of whole grain flour with the replacement of part of the wheat flour favorably affects the qualitative composition of the finished product. Recipe development and quality control was carried out on the basis of GOST R 54656-2011 "Pasta with enriching additives. General specifications". The determination of the vitamin composition, mineral content, humidity, gluten quality indicators were carried out. In the course of the study, the optimal dosage of the additive was determined and the expediency of using whole grain flour in the production of pasta was established. The conducted research and the developed recipe can be used in pasta production enterprises.
Study of the Working Parameters of the Enzyme Protepsin and Its Effect on The Microstructure of Second-Grade Beef
Authors: Yessengaziyeva A. N. , Kaimbayeva L. A. , Uzakov Y. M. , Chernukha I. M. , Kuzembaeva G. K.
Published: December 2022

"Protepsin" is an enzyme preparation of animal nature containing a complex of acid proteinases, intended for use in the meat industry for processing meat raw materials. The enzyme composition of the preparation is balanced according to the degree of exposure to various proteins of meat and meat systems used in the technology of obtaining meat products. "Protepsin" works in the meat system similarly to intracellular enzymes (cathepsins). It is their synergist and has additional qualities that allow it to act in a wider range of technological parameters, as well as to influence those protein systems on which intracellular enzymes do not act or have an effect to an insignificant extent [1]. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that semismoked sausage products are in particular demand among the population. Cost reduction while maintaining their quality in a competitive environment is a time requirement. Therefore, the use of the enzyme is one of the promising directions in the field of meat processing [1]. The aim of the work is to study the working parameters of the enzyme "Protepsin" and its effect on the microstructure of second-grade beef. Histological changes characterize the positive effect of the enzyme on the development of meat quality indicators. In this regard, the processing of meat raw materials with "Protepsin" leads to a significant reduction in the duration of maturation of meat, which makes it possible to achieve the necessary changes in a shorter time compared with the natural way of autolysis.
Covid-19 between Medicine, Law and Politics
Authors: Radovanovic Zoran
Published: December 2022

Efforts to establish a coordinated international response to diseases that affect more than one country go back to the mid-19th century. Nowadays World Health Organization is the central point where the interests of 194 member states to preserve the health of their populations are convened, coordinated, and addressed. The critical concept that initiates an international reaction is a public health emergency of international concern, as exemplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. As of October 2022, it had claimed an estimated 20 million lives worldwide. Both in Serbia and elsewhere, the death toll greatly depended on the applied prevention and control measures, which included vaccination. Experiences gained so far point to preferable strategies that should be employed when humanity is confronted with the next similar challenge.
The Global Economic Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Bird’s-Eye View
Authors: Begovic Boris
Published: December 2022

The aim of the article is to provide a general, broad picture of the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, without going into the details. The impact of the pandemic on economic growth was sharp, with sudden and deep decline, followed by complete and swift recovery. Both the supply and the demand side contributed to this dynamic, based on the same factors (morbidity and mortality, behavioural adjustments of individuals, and government pandemic control measures), although with quite distinctive mechanisms of impact. It was the uncertainty of both the supply– and demand-side economic agents that was decisive for the sudden drop in the level of economic activity. Macroeconomic policies, both monetary (quantitative easing) and fiscal (budgetary deficits) proved timely and prevented a global depression. In the aftermath, the side effects of these policies are substantial inflation, increased basic interest rates to counter that inflation, increased sovereign debt, and its threatened sustainability.
The Importance of the Right to a Healthy Environment During the Pandemic
Authors: Drenovak Ivanovic Mirjana
Published: December 2022

The protection and preservation of the environment and stable climatic conditions, as well as the right of public participation in environmental decision-making in public spaces, are emerging as topics of special significance, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The need for integrated protection of natural goods of general interest, harmonization with the EU acquis, the need to simultaneously overcome the COVID-19 crisis and implement the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans raises numerous questions, some of them being: is environmental protection a priority during the pandemic and, if so, which aspects of environmental protection represent the primary concern; have the measures limiting public gatherings had an impact on public participation in decision-making; and, do the proposed legislative amendments and additions complete the environmental protection system, with clear criteria for an environmental impact assessment of the related activities and the decisions to support their pursuit?
Tax Treatment of Flexible Forms of Work in Serbia in Light of the Covid-19 Global Pandemic
Authors: Kostic Svetislav
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of flexible forms of work, those forms of work that have essentially been enabled by the development of modern technologies. In the case of flexible forms of work, evasion of taxes and, perhaps more importantly, contributions to compulsory social security are quite pervasive. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Serbian Tax Administration tried to collect taxes from persons who pursued flexible forms of work for employers or clients from abroad, which led to protests. Ultimately, the negotiations with the Serbian Government resulted in an agreement on transitional solutions, as well as future changes in the tax regulations. This paper aims to explain the essence of the problem that arises in Serbian tax law in connection with flexible forms of work, to analyze the proposed transitional solutions, as well as to offer some suggestions that could lead to longer-term solutions to this problem.
Online Teaching – Education in Times of Crisis or Education of the Future?
Authors: Dabetic Valerija
Published: December 2022

The paper analyzes different aspects of online teaching as the prevalent method of education at the Belgrade University Faculty of Law during the COVID-19 pandemic. The starting assumption is that the combination of online and traditional teaching better meets the modern requirements of the labor market and better trains law students for different career paths and modern professions. Since digital technology has become an indispensable part of all spheres of law, we advocate the idea that an adapted form of online teaching develops young lawyers’ digital literacy. The paper draws on the results of a qualitative study, i.e., four focus group discussions with teachers at the Faculty of Law who conducted classes during the pandemic. Despite different personal affinities and experiences regarding online classes, the general opinion was that online teaching should become part of the teaching practice, with noticeable disparity regarding its intensity and implementation.
Health promotion: the essence of primary healthcare
Authors: Sunwoo Sung
Published: December 2022

Background: Health promotion is well known for its role in disease prevention and non-pharmacological treatment, and how it has helped improve disease prognosis. It is also one of the most important functions of a well-qualified primary care physician.Current Concepts: The four main areas of health promotion in primary care are smoking cessation, nutrition, physical activity, and weight control. There is strong evidence to suggest that quitting smoking can prevent a variety of tobacco-related cancers. A well-balanced diet along with the right amount of exercise and resulting weight control are just as important as pharmacologic treatments for comorbidities related to obesity and cardiovascular diseases. As can be deduced from the leading causes of deaths in Korea in 2021, the majority of them are caused by diseases on which health promotion can prove to be a useful remedy. The potentially significant impact of health promotion is emphasized here.Discussion and Conclusion: Although it may not produce dramatic results, the essence of primary care is health promotion as it also saves great lives in the long term. Despite the importance of health promotion in overall patient care, there is a lack of public awareness and support on this issue, and primary care physicians are sometimes underappreciated. Reinforcement of nationwide financial support for health promotion is needed for primary care physicians practicing with earnest conviction to prevent and treat diseases.
Current status of health promotion in Korea
Authors: Kim Soo Young
Published: December 2022

Background: Health promotion can be defined as a process that allows individuals to control and improve their health. However, the term health promotion is used narrowly, it focuses on healthy lifestyle changes and behavioral risk factors such as nutrition, exercise, and stress management. Health promotion involves not only medicine and health but also a wide range of related areas such as policies, finances, and climate change measures. Nonetheless the medical field continues to play a/the leading role in health promotion.Current Concepts: The Korean government’s comprehensive national health promotion plan has implemented mid-to long-term health promotion policies under the National Health Promotion Act. From 2002, this project establishes a new goal every 10 years and prepares a supplementary plan every five years. Another initiative is the community health survey by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, which has been conducted since 2007. This survey provides data on basic health behavior and status, including physical measurement, smoking, obesity, drinking, diet, medicine use, disease, vaccination, health knowledge, accidents, and visits to medical institutions. Research on health promotion in Korea is available from the KoreaMed database.Discussion and Conclusion: While Korea’s health promotion status has seen rapid improvement in the past, the degree of improvement has recently been marginal and risks stagnating, the degree of improvement has recently been marginal and risks stagnating and the role of medical professionals is an essential.
Current status of tobacco use, cessation and control policy in Korea
Authors: Lee Cheol Min
Published: December 2022

Background: Tobacco use is a leading cause of countless deaths and disabilities worldwide. An estimated 11 million Korean adults were still using tobacco in 2020, according to the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This review aims to explain the current trends in tobacco use, sales, cessation, and control policies in South Korea.Current Concepts: Heated tobacco products (HTPs), a hybrid between conventional and electronic cigarettes, were first launched in South Korea in June 2017. Advertisements stating that HTPs are odorless, tar-free, and less harmful to health have caused sales of HTPs to grow quickly over the past 5 years, such that they account for about 15% of the total tobacco market. According to national smoking rate statistics and tobacco sales trends, declines in current smoking rates have slowed and even risen in some groups, and declines in total tobacco sales have slowed but also risen again during the coronavirus 19 pandemic. In addition, the number of visitors to smoking cessation clinics decreased just after the advent of HTPs and social distancing policies triggered by the coronavirus. Nicotine replacement therapy can serve as a drug therapy for smoking cessation, or bupropion and varenicline can be prescribed. Korea’s representative tobacco control policies include the tax increase policy, non-smoking area policy, cigarette pack warning picture policy, and support policy for visiting smoking cessation clinics.Discussion and Conclusion: There is a pressing need to reflect tobacco control policies in line with changes in tobacco user behaviors and tobacco company marketing strategies.
Current status of nutrient intake in Korea: focused on macronutrients
Authors: Oh Seung-Won
Published: December 2022

Background: Dietary reference intakes (DRIs) provide indicators for individuals or groups to monitor their diet and manage their eating habits. DRIs are important to establish dietary guidelines and nutrition policies. The Korean Nutrition Society under the supervision of the Ministry of Health and Welfare revises and announces DRIs for Koreans every 5 years. In this review, we discuss the 2020 DRI revision and the dietary intake status of Koreans, specifically focused on macronutrients.Current Concepts: The traditional Korean diet is a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet. However, the carbohydrate intake is decreasing with an increase in protein and fat intake. The mean intake and contribution of each macronutrient to the daily caloric intake (%) is not deviating from the recommended levels, although agebased differences are observed. Older individuals are at higher risk of excessive carbohydrate consumption and have insufficient protein intake. Adequate protein intake is important to prevent frailty or sarcopenia. In contrast, younger adults consume lesser amounts of carbohydrates and higher amounts of protein and fat. Moreover, intake of saturated fatty acids is rapidly increasing among young adults. Therefore, research focused on the health effects of a low-carbohydrate diet and high saturated fatty acid intake is necessary in the future.Discussion and Conclusion: It is important to consume a balanced diet that contains a variety of foods based on the acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges. Owing to differences in age-based macronutrient intake, it is necessary to consider high-risk groups and their nutrient requirements.
Surgical treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Kim Jin-Jo
Published: December 2022

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common upper gastrointestinal diseases that affects 10% to 20% of the general population worldwide.Current Concepts: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), the main treatment for this disease, is used to control symptoms. In most cases, PPI is prescribed empirically, and may be ineffective in 30% to 40% of patients. Even in cases with a precise diagnosis of GERD following objective tests, PPI becomes less effective as the disease progresses over a long time period. Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery can be a good option when PPI therapy becomes ineffective and dose increases are required. This surgery effectively abolishes all kinds of reflux by constructing a mechanical anti-reflux valve at the gastroesophageal junction. Before surgery, a precise diagnosis should be made following several objective tests, including esophagogastroduodenoscopy, pH monitoring, manometry, and esophagram. The degree of fundoplication should be tailored according to esophageal motility and disease severity.Discussion and Conclusion: Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery may be particularly effective for GERD patients with hiatal hernia, mechanically defective lower esophageal sphincter, or weak acidic/nonacidic reflux.
Pharmacologic treatment of tinnitus
Authors: Lee Hyun-Jin
Published: December 2022

Background: Tinnitus is one of the most frequent symptoms seen in otology practice. The pathogenesis of tinnitus has not yet been clearly explained, and no single hypothesis or theory is sufficient to explain the mechanisms involved in the development of this condition. Tinnitus is most commonly treated using pharmacologic methods. The aim of this study is to summarize the drugs used for the treatment of tinnitus based on previous research.Current Concepts: Pharmacologic treatment of tinnitus depends on various mechanisms. Hyperactivity of the central auditory system, neurotransmitter imbalances in auditory pathways, and blood circulation may be involved. Symptoms such as anxiety, stress, sleep disturbance, and depression are also associated with tinnitus. Various medications have been used, including anxiolytics, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists, local anesthetics, ginkgo biloba extract, other pharmacologic agents, and nutritional supplements.Discussion and Conclusion: Although pharmacologic treatments are frequently used in primary care, no medication is specifically indicated for tinnitus. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms of tinnitus to ensure treatment safety. Appropriate medication may improve tinnitus, but efficacy is dependent upon patient comorbidities. To increase the success rate of pharmacologic treatment for tinnitus, both detailed history taking and physical examination are essential.
Physicians’ perception of the reform of the review and assessment system of national health insurance reimbursement claims
Authors: Lee Jung Chan , Kim Kye Hyun
Published: December 2022

Background: The Korean government has been promoting the reform of the review and assessment system of national health insurance reimbursement claims. The aim of this study was to find out physicians’ perception and evaluation of the health insurance review and assessment system and present the direction for the government’s reform plan.Methods: The 2020 Korean Physician Survey questionnaire was sent to 57,714 members of the Korean Medical Association from November 19, 2020 to January 10, 2021. A total of 6,507 physicians (11.5%) responded; of these, the responses of 4,454, including the self-employed and employed, professors, and fellows, were included for analysis. The respondents’ perception of the current health insurance review system and of the government’s reform plan were analyzed.Results: It was found that 84.2% of the respondents evaluated the current health insurance review system negatively—particularly in terms of medical autonomy, transparency of the review standards, the standard development and application process, and the post-review adjustment process. Furthermore, only 0.7% of the respondents evaluated the government’s reform plan positively—particularly, the utilization of clinical practice guidelines for review standards, introduction of the professional review committee, and expansion of the link between the review and assessment system.Conclusion: Policymakers should understand physicians’ perception and evaluation of the health insurance review system. In addition, the reform plan should be thoroughly communicated to physicians.
Intracranial arachnoid cysts
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Alemiddin , YÜKSEL Ulaş
Published: December 2022

Intracranial arachnoid cysts, known as leptomeningeal cysts, are benign lesions that develop after the collections of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) wrapped by a wall of collagen and arachnoid cells congenitally (real) or acquired (sourced by bleeding, tumor, trauma, or meningitis). Most of these cysts are asymptomatic. Symptomatic cysts are detected in the first 20 years of life, and three-quarters of these cysts become symptomatic during childhood. Typical symptoms are headache, nausea, vomiting, epilepsy, sudden loss of consciousness depending on cyst rupture or bleeding, macrocephaly, hydrocephalus, endocrinological disorders, psychiatric disorders, and focal findings of the lesion occupying space within the head (weakness, cranial neuropathy). They are usually diagnosed using radiological imaging methods including X-Ray, transfontanel ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and scintigraphy. Surgical treatment is not recommended for arachnoid cysts unless they cause a mass effect or symptoms and they are annually follow-up with CT or MR scan is an appropriate method in asymptomatic patients. Interestingly, no standard surgical intervention method has been recommended for the cyst. Therefore, the patient's clinical and radiological findings, age, size, and localization of the cyst are still the most important factors in the decision-making of the surgical intervention method. Surgical intervention methods include cyst resection and fenestration of the cyst into the basal cisterns by craniotomy; endoscope-assisted cyst fenestration through the burr hole; cystoperitoneal shunt or ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
The impacts of contact lenses on the short- and long-term biochemical parameters of tear films and corneal thickness
Authors: CAN Çiğdem Ülkü , IRKEC Murat
Published: December 2022

Introduction: To investigate the effects of long- and short-term use of different types of contact lenses on corneal metabolism and corneal thickness. Materials and Method: The participants were divided into two groups in the study. In the first group, 20 of the 42 patients were administered a rigid gas-permeable lens (RGPL) with a Dk value of 92x10-11, while the remaining wore a soft contact lens with a water content of 38%. We then explored their Lactate Dehydrogenase (LHD) levels to evaluate the hypoxic effect on tear films in short- (8 hours) and long-term (2nd, 3rd, 5th months) and albumin levels to assess mechanical trauma. In the second group, the corneal thickness was measured using a Haag-Streit optical pachymeter before and at the 8th hour and 2nd month following the first set of lenses, and LDH and albumin values were simultaneously evaluated in tear film. Results: The results yielded no significant increase in tear film LDH and albumin levels in the short- and long-term in both the RGPL and the soft contact lens groups with similar age and sex distribution. In the second part, the corneal thickness measurements resulted in an increase of 5.5% in the RGPL group and 3.63% in the soft lens group at the 8th hour of lens use. However, the groups did not significantly differ by baseline corneal thickness at the 2nd-month follow-up. Similarly, there was no significant increase in LDH and albumin levels in the tear film samples of the same group. Conclusion: The absence of a long-term increase in corneal thickness and no elevated levels of albumin and LDH in tear films indicate that contact lenses fit corneal physiology.
Indirect evidence of tool-assisted hunting in the Bantan chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) community in southeastern Senegal savanna-woodlands
Authors: Micheletti Kristine N. , Aguado William D. , Ndiaye Papa Ibnou , Pruetz Jill D.
Published: December 2022

Chimpanzees use tools extensively, but tool-assisted hunting has been reported at only two sites thus far. Systematic tool-assisted hunting has only been recorded at the Fongoli site in Senegal, where hundreds of cases have been recorded of chimpanzees using tools to hunt bushbaby (Galago senegalensis) prey. Here, we report a putative case of tool-assisted hunting at the Bantan study site in southeastern Senegal, based on indirect evidence of tools and tool-making traces in a context similar to that observed at neighboring Fongoli chimpanzee community. If our interpretations are correct, the simplest explanation is that Fongoli females have dispersed to this neighboring community, bringing with them the behavior of tool-assisted hunting. However, the persistence and frequency of tool-assisted hunting at other sites in Senegal is still unknown. Tool-assisted hunting in the Bantan chimpanzee community would present only the third such known site for such behavior among wild chimpanzees thus far.
O enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19 em cooperativas: o caso da COOAFAM, Mossoró, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Varela Yara Cristina Da Silva , Santos Enaira Liany Bezerra dos , Vieira Maria Dayanne , Rosado Anne Katherine De Holanda Bezerra
Published: December 2022

Esta pesquisa tem o intuito de analisar quais foram os desdobramentos e estratégias de enfrentamento da pandemia na Cooperativa de Agricultores e Agricultoras de Mossoró e Região (COOAFAM), na cidade de Mossoró/RN. De um total de 40 famílias cooperadas, as entrevistas contemplaram seis representantes de famílias diferentes e foram realizadas a partir do uso da plataforma Google Meet. A pesquisa foi dividida nas seções emprego, saúde e renda; políticas habitacionais e políticas públicas de enfrentamento da COVID-19. A cooperativa sofreu com a paralisação da produção de polpas de frutas, uma vez que havia adquirido o maquinário pouco antes do fechamento das escolas, que constitui o principal destino da produção. Além disso, não adotou o sistema de delivery de cestas verdes, o que mostra uma fragilidade de adaptação e compromete ainda mais o escoamento de produtos. Os entrevistados apontaram que não foram beneficiados pelos programas de apoio à agricultura familiar estaduais e federais, entre eles o Programa Estadual de Compras Governamentais da Agricultura Familiar e Economia Solidária (PECAFES), em virtude da dependência do manuseio de ferramentas virtuais para inscrição e acompanhamento. Conclui-se que a COOAFAM não desenvolveu nenhuma estratégia eficaz para enfrentamento da COVID-19, o que tornou os produtores mais vulneráveis ao contexto pandêmico. Torna-se necessário, nesse sentido, prestar apoio às pequenas cooperativas, buscando desenvolver uma maior resiliência e empoderar os cooperados para a busca de soluções eficientes em momentos de crises.
Caracterização da Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Pajeú - PE, situada na Bacia do São Francisco
Authors: Silva Gustavo Ribeiro da , Muniz Raul Souza , Oliveira Júnior Antônio Italcy de , Pereira Valões Débora Cristina , Pereira Dourivan Diego de Melo
Published: December 2022

Na atualidade, o estudo de bacias hidrográficas se faz cada vez mais necessário, visando compreender o seu comportamento hidrológico e geomorfológico, e com isso realizar uma gestão mais eficiente, não só dos recursos hídricos, mas de todos os componentes que integram o sistema de uma bacia. Observa-se a necessidade de analisar características como formato, seu sistema de drenagem, seus parâmetros de elevação e declividade, entre outras análises de fundamental relevância. Tendo este cenário em evidência, o presente trabalho buscou realizar uma caracterização da bacia do Rio Pajeú, localizada em Pernambuco, no Nordeste do Brasil, sendo essa a maior bacia hidrográfica do Estado, ocupando cerca de 16,97% de todo o território estadual. O Pajeú, principal rio da bacia, apresenta um regime fluvial intermitente, e desagua no Lago de Itaparica, no Rio São Francisco. Verificou-se que a bacia possui um sistema de drenagem considerado compacto, onde as classes dos cursos d’água variam entre 1 e 3, atestou-se ainda que a mesma possui um formato alongado e com uma altitude média de 500 m, o que dificulta a ocorrência de inundações. Em suma, para realização das análises quanto às características físicas e de relevo, foi utilizado o software QGIS, para confecção dos mapas e análise dos Modelos Digitais de Elevação. A bacia apresentou um Coeficiente de compacidade (Kc) igual a 2,297, um Fator de forma (Kf) correspondente a 0,166, e uma Densidade de drenagem (Dd) de 0,051 km/km².