bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Education and Its Role in the Economic Development of the Country and Government Policies to be Undertaken to Increase the Quality of Education, the Case of Albania
Authors: Deda Eriona , Pacukaj Sokol , Vardari Luan
Published: January 2021

Our paper focuses on education and, how the high-quality education affects welfare and economic growth in the case of Albania. The data were provided by INSTAT (Institute of Statistics, Albania) on the results of the adult education survey by gender, age group which refers to the population aged 25-64 years and, level of education, including three levels of education, elementary/primary education, secondary education, and postsecondary/higher education. Despite the fact that we provided the data in 2017, they would serve us to highlight some problems related to the quality of education in Albania, which would be important to develop different strategies to improve these problems in the coming years. Another priority of this paper is to define and recommend some government policies that would increase the quality of education, in order for us to have a better economic growth in the future. Here we have used the descriptive method, and through tables and charts we have provided a comparative analysis, based on some statistics which are expressed in percentage (%). However, the main purpose here is to show through comparative analysis the level of participation in types of education, trainings, and cultural activities by gender, age group, and level of education, therefore showing the relationship between the quality of education and economic growth. We will also handle some of the government policies that recommend in order to increase quality of the education in the future.

 

Received: 4 September 2020 / Accepted: 17 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021
The Voice of a Woman: A Life Journey. An Islamic Feminist Reading of The Book of Fate
Authors: El-Miniawi Nayera Ahmad
Published: January 2021

The Book of Fate is a novel that spans over fifty years of the life of the protagonist, Massoumeh, an Iranian girl/woman from a middle-class, religious Muslim family, who is forcefully and hastily married to a complete stranger after her family finds out that she was having an innocent love relationship with a young pharmacist assistant. The narrative follows her struggle to get an education and a job, and to look after her children as a single mother. The book portrays the oppressive conditions that women can suffer from in an oppressive patriarchal Islamic society. The novel surveys a lifetime of endurance and survival. Actually, her seeming feminine weakness is only one side of the coin. Her weakness is transformed, when required, into strength and accomplishments like the legendary Phoenix that is burnt up but out of the ashes springs a new life, metaphorically announcing resilience and fortitude.

 

Received: 2 November 2020 / Accepted: 9 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021
A Proposed Program to Improve Quality of life for the Orphans at Social Care Homes
Authors: Alqahtani Manal M.
Published: January 2021

The present paper investigates the reality of services and quality of life of orphans, identifies the relationship between both variables, and proposes a program to improve the quality of life among the orphans at social care homes. The author developed and applied a questionnaire of the reality of services provided and a scale of quality of life to (100) orphans at social care homes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The results showed low levels of services and quality of life among the orphans at social care homes. There was a positive correlation between those services and the quality of life among orphans. The paper recommends the adoption of the proposed program by decision-makers and specialists in the care and rehabilitation of the orphans to improve their quality of life. Moreover, the program should be an integral part of rehabilitation and education programs delivered to the orphans in the future.

 

Received: 2 October 2020 / Accepted: 9 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021
On the Threshold: The Story of School Security Guards in Israel
Authors: Shpeizer Raz
Published: January 2021

The global spread of neoliberalism has brought with it an increase in practices of outsourcing and subcontracting, and, consequently, the flourishing of private security services which rely on them.  In Israel, these trends, combined with the unique security climate, have encouraged the development of a distinct sub-sector of private security in the form of school security. The rise of private security services has generated research interest. Most studies, however, focus on socio-economical aspects rather than on security guards' personal perspectives. This tendency is even more pronounced regarding school security guards and, to date, no studies have been carried out in Israel examining their viewpoint. This study aimed to address this lacuna by bringing in school security guards’ voice in order to learn from and about them. The study’s approach was qualitative, and the main tool was semi-structured interviews, accompanied by observations and document analysis. The study's findings reveal that the world of Israeli school security guards is informed by one fundamental quality. This quality is liminality, and it colors their experiences, perceptions, and professional relations. Israeli school security guards are always on the threshold: between belonging and not-belonging to their workplace; between commitment to and alienation from their work; between being needed yet disrespected. The paper suggests that this liminality is connected to the global socio-economical changes, and furthermore, it expresses a central aspect of Israeli society, which swings between two incompatible ethe: the security ethos and the neoliberal ethos.

 

Received: 18 October 2020 / Accepted: 5 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021
Dynamics of Indian Antagonist Approach towards CPEC and Its Implications for Pakistan
Authors: Kamran Muhammad , Mahsood Asma Khan
Published: January 2021

China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is considered as a game-changer for Pakistan and for the whole region. The whole region of Pakistan can take benefits of the projects of CPEC carried out under the umbrella of One Belt One Road initiative. This paper is aimed to explore the regional dynamics of CPEC and Indian antagonistic role towards this project. Pakistan is one of the prime states in China one belt one road initiatives. China is executing a multiyear investment in multibillion dollars program and termed it China Pakistan Economic Corridor. Several projects are included in this plan for instance Industry, communication infrastructure and energy which cost almost USD 46 billion. It is expected that CPEC will contributes remarkably in reducing poverty and socio-economic development of Pakistan. Thus, keeping in view, the benefits of CPEC, most of the analyst claimed it to be the most important mega project in Pakistan. They also claim that it will greatly benefit the people of both countries i.e. Pakistan and China.

 

Received: 28 October 2020 / Accepted: 5 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021
The Impact of the Communist Regime in Albania on Freedom of Religion for Albanians
Authors: Tokrri Renata , Tafani Ismail , Shkembi Aldo
Published: January 2021

The multi religions Albania passed last century from a country where atheism was the constitutional principle in a country where the basic card guarantees not only the freedom of religion but also the freedom from religion. Today, in order of guaranteeing the freedom of belief, the Constitution of Republic of Albania expresses principles which protect the religious freedom, starting from its preamble. Indeed, the preamble has no legal force but stated goals and assists in the interpretation of provisions. The spirit, with which the preamble stated, is that of tolerance and religious coexistence, in a vision where the people are responsible for the future with faith in God or other universal values. This statement reinforces the principle of secularism of the state where the latter appears as the guarantor of religious freedom by knowing in this perspective the beliefs that "sovereign" could have and can develop. In this context, the real guarantee is given to us by Article 24 of the Constitution which expressly guarantees the freedom of conscience and religion, in a perspective where any person has the right to choose if changing or not his religion or belief, so that this article appears not only as a guarantor of freedom of religion but also as a guarantor of freedom from religion. In a context like that of Albania, where for 40 years the religious freedom has been denied, and because of religious beliefs was conducted genocide, cannot be missing in its Constitution this freedom. Today it appears more consolidated than ever, from a vision that guarantees such as the freedom to choose and change religion by manifesting them freely in public or in private life, into a vision that guarantees also negative freedom or atheism. The purpose of this paper is to point out that otherwise than the socialist Constitution of 1976- which provided anti-religious atheism forms  in a context where the faith was determined  by the state, based in a "monotheistic" ideology and realized through policy, which denied any type of faith beyond what the material world of communist ideology had in foundation-  the current one appears, secular and neutral in matters of religious faith by guaranteeing a as consequence the atheist beliefs as well.

 

Received: 21 November 2020 / Accepted: 11 January 2021 / Published: 17 January 2021
Evaluating Government Policy of Monitoring NGOs in Pakistan
Authors: Nisa Fatima , Kamran Muhammad , Mahsood Asma Khan
Published: January 2021

Non profitable organizations have been contributing in the development of state and society for a long time. These are generally praised for their progressive agendas. However, occasionally these have also been blamed for having some hidden agenda. This requires strict monitoring and evaluation of this sector. Different policies have been introduced in the past for this purpose. However, some of them have been found to be working for foreign agendas. Therefore, it is extremely important to comprehend the effectiveness of the monitoring and evaluation policies in Pakistan. This paper is focused on different monitoring and evaluation policies and compared it with the policy of PML (N) government (2013-18) to bring to limelight the strengths and weakness of such policies. The research paper is primarily designed to find out comprehensive study that how the government presently monitored the working of NGOs. The analysis will help the policy makers to evaluate the working of NGOs in an effective way.

 

Received: 28 October 2020 / Accepted: 5 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021
Naira - Yuan Diplomacy: A Pathway for Unlocking Nigeria’s Manufacturing Sub-Sector Potentials
Authors: Nenbee Simeon G. , Orji Jonah  O.
Published: January 2021

The fountain head for weighing one unit of a domestic currency in-terms of another within an international framework is rooted in the famous Gold Standard proposed by the Bretton Woods Institutions (BWIs).  This brand of thought had since been practiced and experienced in numerous trade ties that Nigeria had had with China. Like other bilateral agreements, it sets to re-define and deepen the two countries’ economic space. Thus, this paper  shed lights on Naira - Yuan Diplomacy as a Pathway for Unlocking Nigeria’s Manufacturing Sub-Sector Potentials.The manufacturing industries are engines of economic prosperity. Facilitation of job creation space and poverty reducing strategies are core values in manufacturing too.  This paper conclusively presume that the exchange rate pass-through mechanism can transmit price increase and macroeconomic instability from China and supply shocks to the Nigerian economy (especially from manufactured products) when adequate provisions are not domestically taken. Furthermore, the Naira-Yuan diplomacy will increase imports from China thereby increase her foreign income since Nigeria will be spending more  on Chinese manufactured products, hence, increase the national income of China. The policy implication of this finding is that the net exports of China will rise faster and add to her expansion of domestic income instead of Nigeria. The paper therefore calls upon Nigeria to be proactive in ensuring a stable trade and  exchange rate policies to deepen technical innovation for local manufacturing tools to boost output rather than depending more on China.

 

Received: 18 August 2020 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021
Produktivitas Ayam Arab Petelur dengan Pola Pemberian Free Feeding Choice
Authors: Wulandari Eudia Christina , Nefasa Angela Nitia
Published: January 2021

The aim of the present research was to evaluate the contribution effect of feeding Wulandari et al. (2013) and Wulandari et al. (2015) rations and free feeding choice in Arab hen. One hundred birds of Arab hen, age was + 14 weeks, with an average body weight of 814,73 g ± 46,86 g were used as experimental animals, and were divided randomly into a randomized block design with 3 treatments and 6 replications. Feedstuffs used for dietary treatments were rice bran, yellow corn, fish meal, Azolla microphylla, CaCO3, oyster shell, meat bone meal, soybean meal, pollard, and top mix. The rations were formulated as ration from Wulandari et al. (2013) and Wulandari et al. (2015). At the same time, there are feedstuff which gived ad libitum without formulated. Conclusion of the research is that free feeding choice affect by palatability feedstuff and gives a random data. Consumption ration on free feeding choice more decrease than another treatments.

Keywords: arab’s laying hans, free feeding choice, productivity
Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Temulawak (Curcuma xanthoriza) Dalam Ransum Terhadap Performa Produksi Ayam Kampung Unggul Balitnak
Authors: Wibowo Trisno Agung , Wati Novi Eka , Suhadi Miki
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study was to know the effect of Curcuma xanthorhiza as herbal feed additive on feed consumption, daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of Kampung Unggul Balitnak (KUB) Chicken. The research was conducted at Kemukus Village, Ketapang District, South Lampung Regency. The experimental used 80 unisex KUB chicken aged 5 week. They were feed a ration with control ration + 0% temulawak flour (P0), control ration + 0,1% temulawak flour (P1), control ration + 0,2% temulawak flour (P2) and control ration + 0,3% temulawak flour (P4) during 30 days. The control ration containing 21% crude protein and 3150 kcal/kg metabolism energy. The study used a quantitative method with completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The results showed that the addition of temulawak flour (Curcuma xanthoriza) up to 0.3% did not effect (P> 0.05) on feed consumption but was affected (P <0.05) on daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio.

Keywords: daily body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, KUB Chicken, temulawak
Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Kunyit (Curcuma longa) dalam Ransum Terhadap Performa Produksi Ayam Kampung Super
Authors: Harmoko Harmoko , Eka Wati Novi , Suhadi Muki
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study was to know the effect of Curcuma longa as herbal feed additive on feed consumption, daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of super native chicken. The research was conducted at Kemukus Village, Ketapang District, South Lampung Regency. The experimental used 80 unisex of super native chicken 5 weeks old. They were feed a ration with control ration + 0% turmeric flour (P0), control ration + 0,04% turmeric flour (P1), control ration + 0,08% turmeric flour (P2) and control ration + 0,12% turmeric flour (P3) during 30 days. The control ration containing 21% crude protein and 3150 kcal/kg metabolism energy. The study used a quantitative metodh with completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The results showed that the addition of turmeric flour (Curcuma longa) up to 0,12% was affected (P <0,05) on feed consumption but did not effect (P> 0,05) on daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio.Keywords: daily body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, super native chicken, turmeric
Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Temulawak (Curcuma xanthoriza) dalam Ransum Terhadap Efisiensi Pakan Sapi Peranakan Simmental
Authors: Eka Wati Novi , Yusuf M.
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study was to know the effect of Curcuma xanthorhiza as herbal feed additive in the rations on dry matter consumption, body weight gain, feed efficiency and feed cost pergain of Simmental cross cattle. The research was conducted at PGS. Joe Cipir Jati Indah Village, Tanjung Bintang District, South Lampung Regency. The experimental used 12 male Simmental Cross Cattle with an average body weight of 166.25 ± 6.27 kg. The study used a quantitative method with a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 4 replications. They were fed a complete feeding with control rations + 0% temulawak flour (P0), control ration + 1.5% temulawak flour (P1) and control ration + 3% temulawak flour (P2). The control ration is the usual ration given by farmers every day containing 8.35% crude protein and 59.63% TDN. The study was conducted for 5 weeks, 1 week period of adaptation and 4 weeks period of data collection. The results showed that the addition of temulawak flour had a significant effect (P <0.05) on dry matter consumption, body weight gain, feed efficiency and feed cost per gain of Simmental cross cattle. The 1,5% addition level of temulawak flour from dry matter ration showed the best body weight gain, feed efficiency and feed cost per gain.Keywords:, natural feed additive, production efficiency, Simmental cross cattle , temulawak
Understanding the Context of Community-Based Learning in Kenya: Sociocultural, Diversity, and Linguistic Issues
Authors: VanLeeuwen Charlene A. , Guo-Brennan Linyuan , Weeks Lori E.
Published: January 2021

Many African higher education institutions have adopted community-based learning (CBL) to foster high-quality learning and civic engagement. In Kenya, neocolonial practices of using Eurocentric community service-learning models have caused tensions and disconnection between CBL theory and university students’ experiences in the field. Using hermeneutics as its theoretical and methodological framework, an interpretive study analyzed Kenyan university students’ experiences and perspectives on CBL in diverse community and organizational settings. This article reports the study’s findings related to students’ encounters with unique sociocultural, diversity, and linguistic issues connected to CBL in Kenya, including encounter with the intense realities of HIV/AIDS. Findings and discussion of these issues contribute to a deepened understanding of civic engagement programs in Kenya and offer new perspectives on developing culturally relevant CBL programs.

Muchas instituciones africanas de educación superior han adoptado el aprendizaje basado en la comunidad (ABC) como método para promover el aprendizaje de alta calidad y el compromiso cívico. En Kenia, las prácticas neocoloniales que emplean modelos de aprendizaje a través del servicio a la comunidad han causado tensiones y desconexión entre la teoría y las experiencias de campo de los estudiantes universitarios. Usando la hermenéutica como marco teórico y metodológico, un estudio interpretativo ha analizadolas experiencias y perspectivas de los estudiantes universitarios kenianos acerca del ABC en diversos escenarios comunitarios y organizacionales. Este artículo presenta los resultados de dicho estudio en relación con las experiencias de los estudiantes kenianos en aspectos lingüísticos, socioculturales y de diversidad conectadas al ABC, incluidas sus vivencias con la dura realidad del HIV/SIDA. Las conclusiones acerca de estos aspectos contribuyen a profundizar en la comprensión de los programas de compromiso cívico en Kenia y ofrecen nuevas perspectivas para el desarrollo de programas de ABC culturalmente relevantes.
Implikasi Penerapan Activity Based Costing System Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan Dan Keunggulan Bersaing
Authors: Sharasanti Diah Anugrah
Published: January 2021

The strategy for determining the accurate production cost is one way for the company to compete among its competitors. Activity Based Costing assumes allcosts have a cause, and the causes can be managed so that the costs charged can be effective and efficient. Several studies have shown that there are differences in production costs between calculations using traditional methods and Activity Based Costing. Previous studies have shown that production costs are more accurate when using the Activity Based Costing method of calculation. Bjornenak and Mitchell (1999) in Rendy and Devie (2013) argue that Activity Based Costing is a system that is promoted and adopted as a basis for strategic decision-making and to improve earnings performance. According to Reimann (1990) the use of the Activity Based Costing system encourages companies to produce products that have competitive advantages. The results of several studies show that the ability of the Activity Based Costing system can not only measure product costs accurately, but the information generated can be used for various other strategic interests within the company, and the implementation of the Activity Based Costing system is not only focused on the financial aspects, but also on other nonfinancial aspects which are indicators of the success of company performance.
Adakah Persepsi Konsumen Dan Kualitas Produk Mempengaruhi Keputusan Pembelian Soes Legends?
Authors: Dewi Liliana , Marvellyn Quinta
Published: January 2021

Soes Legends is a business that is engaged in the food and beverage industry that offers dried chocolate fill products. Based on the initial survey conducted by the author, the factors that dominate consumers in buying Soes Legends products are consumer perceptions and the quality of Soes products. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of consumer perceptions and product quality on the decision to purchase Soes Legends products. The research method used is quantitative research with the sampling method is purposive sampling. The population in this study were all Soes Legends consumers who had repeated as many as 125 people with a sample of 96 people. The technique of collecting data uses a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The results of the questionnaire datawere analyzed to test factors and test variables using SPSS version 23. The results of this study indicate that consumer perceptions and product quality influence the decision to purchase Soes Legends products.
Peranan Revolusi Industri 4.0 Terhadap Mutu Pendidikan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Jurusan Akuntansi
Authors: Soebijono Tony , Erstiawan Martinus Sony
Published: January 2021

he Prapanca 2 Surabaya Vocational High School (SMK) majoring in accounting is one entity that is willing to compete and is skilled and professional inwelcoming the Industrial Revolution 4.0. So far, the principal has prepared a strategy to improve the quality of graduates to suit the needs of the businessmarket (Business World (DU)/Industrial World (DI)). Some of the strategies used in aligning education with the demands of the 4.0 Industrial Revolution erainclude improving the quality of sarpras (facilities and infrastructure) in the learning process based on industrial needs (Link and Match) during the IndustrialRevolution 4.0 period, the fulfillment of DU/DI standard facilities and infrastructure and increasing teacher competence is focused on the era of theIndustrial Revolution 4.0. The role of the principal has a point of view broad, open, disciplined, firm, and committed.
Oral and Perioral Piercing and Its Implications on Hard and Soft Tissues
Authors: Aravindh Swamy
Published: January 2021

Oral and perioral piercing is a ritual that involves the insertion of jewellery into the tongue, lip, cheek,frenum, uvula or other parts of the mouth. This habit has been practiced for religious, tribal, cultural, sexualor identity reasons. These factitious injuries often injure the oral soft tissues and hard tissues. They posediagnostic and management problems for the dentist.
Short Communication -Orodental Perspective of Substance Abusers
Authors: S.Angelinteena,
Published: January 2021

Substance Abuse is the habitual taking of illegal drugs by an individual or a group of people. Mostcommonly used these kind of drugs are Marijuana, Cocaine, Amphetamines, Heroin, Hallucinogens etc….The oral cavity reflects, the deleterious effects of these drugs. This short communication attempt to highlightthe various clinical manifestations of these drugs seen in oral cavity.
Effect of Conocarpus Erectus Extraction on Some Physiological and Biochemical Parameters on Male Rats
Authors: Adel M. Al Zobidy
Published: January 2021

The present study was conducted to evaluated some of physiological and biochemical parameters ,we usedeighteen of males rats divided randomly to three group ( six in each ), group one considered as control,group two the animal treated with 250 mg /kg and group three treated with 500 mg /kg .The result shownon-significant appeared in RBC , Hb, PCV ,MCH , MCV and MCHC ,while the WBC , lymphocytes andgranular show increased significantly . The biochemical test show increased significantly in liver enzymeconcentration ALT ,AST and ALP also the result of lipid profile appeared decreased in al parametersexception the HDL which appeared increased significantly .
A Program for Developing Locally Food Supervision to Support Sanitary Monitoring Work
Authors: Mahmud Abdullah Jasim Alkhafaji
Published: January 2021

Food supervision in Iraq is the responsibility of the Ministry of Health and Environment, which conductsfood supervision to all food establishments worked in Iraq by the department of sanitary monitoring inBaghdad city as well as all directorates of health in Iraqi provinces. As a result of increasing the numberof food businesses national wide in last years, increasing the number of consumers, Iraq’s openness to theinternational market, and using the policy of random import. Due to the mentioned reasons, many problemsrelated to consumer’s health has appeared, this matter pushed the Iraqi Government to establish committees,organized seminars, and workshops related to this subject to resolve problems effected in consumer’shealth. This problem requires more effort from researchers and specialists in food supervision and sanitarymonitoring in Iraq to protect consumer’s health especially from foodborne diseases. The proposed programis the start of the way towards new food safety policy in Iraq and it will be considered as the essential baseof reorganization food control authorities in Iraq and updating national food regulations and legislations.
Effects of Gaseous Ozone (O3) on Artificial Population and Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus in Stored Whole Cinnamon in Iraqi Markets
Authors: Diyaa Aljaza
Published: January 2021

Stored whole cinnamon can become contaminated with aflatoxins.For public health requirements cinnamonshould be produced free of AFB1or bellow EU legislation limit (5µg/kg), soin this study, examined theefficacy of different concentrations (0, 300 and 600 ppm) of ozone on fungal populations (CFU) and AFB1production of A.flavus on stored whole cinnamon at three aw levels (0.92, 0.94&0.96 aw) at 25?C and exposuretime (60 min). In general, the results presented in this study showed that the populations AFB1 produced ofA.flavusin artificially contaminated whole cinnamon were significantly affected by O3treatment.
Factors Affecting Success of Corneal Grafting : An Observational Study
Authors: Saif Al-Shamarti
Published: January 2021

This is an observational study of 32 corneal implantation cases performed by the researcher. It shows thatYounger patients (below 60 years) show more improvement. Female patients show more improvement.Corneal dystrophy cases show more improvement followed by Keratoconus followed lastly bullouskeratopathy. Donors aged below 60 years give results that are more positive. There are mild results that aremore positive if the time between death and transplant is less than 5 days. Trephine size more than 7.5MMshows more improvement. Punch size of 8.25MM shows most improvement. Using General anesthesiashows more improvement
Evaluating the Role of High Molecular Weight Adiponectin in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Treated with Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Authors: Fadhil A. Nasser
Published: January 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a significant health problem affecting women during the reproductiveage and characterized by hormonal disturbance resulting in irregular menstrual periods and infertility.Adiponectin is a protein produced by adipocytes and involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. This studyincluded the evaluation of two doses of omega-3 (300 and 600mg/day for 14 weeks). Age, body massindex (BMI), fasting blood glucose level, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), lipid profile, luteinizinghormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, estrogen and HMW adiponectin levels wereevaluated. Our data showed no significant differences between control group and treatment groups in BMI,age, sex hormones, fasting blood glucose, and HOMA levels. However, the level of HMW adiponectin wassignificantly higher in women treated with 600mg/day for 14 weeks (p < 0.0001) but not 300mg / day ofOmega-3 fatty acids for the same period.
Molecular Investigation of fliC and blaTEM1 Gene among Clinical Isolates of Salmonella Typhi
Authors: Hala Ridha Abbas Al-Fahham
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to isolate and diagnose Salmonella typhi by flic gene and investigated the presence ofblaTEM1 gene by using PCR technique and electrophoresis systems in Najaf Province includes 40 clinicalspecimens blood for both sexes with an age ranged between )5-60) years old .The study result by using a flicgene was detected in 30 of the 40 isolates of S. typhi isolated from typhoid patients , which was conducted inthe diagnosis of bacteria concluded that the technique PCR are the most sensitive in the detection of S. typhicompare with other way, blaTEM-1 was detected in 16 of the 40 isolates from S.typhi . The conseder the bla TEMgene encoding TEM-1 b-lactamase is think to give resistance only to penicillins and early cephalosporins;thus , the spectrum resistance of TEM-1 descendants may extend to second, third and fourth-generationcephalosporins.
Study the Elevation of Fibrinogen level in Plasma Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in Babylon Governorate
Authors: Khawla A. Shemran
Published: January 2021

Objective: The incidence of diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 has increased dramatically worldwide in thepast 20 years. Type 2 diabetes is probable to increase further in the future owing to the increase in obesityand the lack of exercise. This may rise the danger of unindustrialized cardiovascular illness in patientswith type 2 DM. It may be because fibrinogen has an important role in the increased risk of cardiovasculardisease. The aims of current study to find out the level of fibrinogen and its relationship to the level of bloodglucose in patients with type 2 DM. Methods: The study contain 50 patient with diabetes mellitus type 2 aspatient group and 50 adult apparently healthy as control group. All plasma samples were collected from allsubjects. The age for both groups concerning (43-75) years. The collected data include measures, plasmafibrinogen and HbA1c. Results: The present study revealed a significant increase in plasma fibrinogen,HbA1c concentration in patients compared with control group (p<0.01). Conclusion: The results of thisstudy reveal a significant increase in fibrinogen level in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 withoutcardiovascular disease.
Histological Changes Induced by the Fusarium Graminarum Silver Nanoparticles in Some Organs of Male Albino Mice
Authors: Sahar A. H. AL-Sharqi
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on male albino mice of the histological change ofFusarium graminarum, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and the traces of these nanoparticles in the liver,kidney, and small intestinal. The experiment consisted of 40 mice divided into two groups, the first group of20 mice was considered to be the control animals and the other group was 21 days of treatment with a dose ofAgNPs (0.1ml / day). Microscopic examination of the liver showed disturbed structure of the hepatic lobule,hepatocyte hypertrophy with severs infiltration of inflammatory cells, kupffer cell proliferation, coagulates,necrosis and hydropic degeneration. In addition, the kidney section showed lobulated glomeruli, a large areaof hemorrhage, congested blood vessels that showed thickening in their walls, changes in degeneration andinflammatory cell infiltration.
The Role of CTX-II , Dyslipidemia ,Vitamin D in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Samah Amer Hammood1 , Alaauldeen S. M. AL-Sallami
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to study the serum measurement of clinical value of type II collagen (CTX-II) in syndromeof polycystic ovary in women and indicter as osteoarthritis disease marker analyzed in future levels witha recent available immune enzyme-linked sorbent assay (ELISA) kit. For increasing sensitivity test, theprotocol was modified. Levels of CTX-II increased significantly as well total protein, while decrease vitaminD and difference in lipid profile were practical between the patients compared with healthy women’s. Theobtained results suggested the monitoring interest of the serum CTX-II for the OA development in patientsof polycystic ovary syndrome in women and the relevance of the analysis of multiple time point for thisbiomarker.
Improving Education Efficiency by Consolidating Public Schools with Few Students
Authors: Al Fayez Fayez , Alsadhan Abdullah
Published: January 2021

The study aimed to review the best international practices for the consolidation of public schools in areas with low population density in order to improve the efficiency of public education expenditure. The study used the descriptive analysis method by analyzing documents from the best international practices on the consolidation of public schools. The study used two tools, namely, analyzing documents and interviews with 20 experts. The study found that the best international practices for consolidating schools with a small number of students are based on a national consolidation manual, diversity in standards of consolidation and its alternatives, raising the awareness of the local community, and provision of safe and comfortable school transportation. Finally, the study provided suggestions for consolidating schools to improve the efficiency of public education expenditure in Saudi Arabia.
Elementary problems with linear algebraic background
Authors: Csörgö Katalin , Hegyvári Norbert
Published: January 2021

We discuss problems for students age between 14 and 18, solving in an elementary way, and by using higher mathematical tools. We also made a research asking university students to solve the problems. The aim of the research was, to see how students treat these elementary problems by using linear algebraic background. Classification: B40, H20, E50, F30. Keywords: proof methods, manipulation of expressions, linear algebra.
Unendliche Reihen im Mathematikunterricht
Authors: Deák Ervin
Published: January 2021

A radically new propaedeutic way of cognition to infinite series. Convergence is not a starting point but the result of a longer and detailed notional construction. In the beginning a series and its „sum” is considered as a symbolic alternative formula for an elementary problem of a certain type and its known solution respectively. Classification: B10, B15, B19; C30, C35, C39; I30, I35, I39. Keywords: Infinite series, propaedeutics to infinite series, Convergence, pursuit processes, psychological-genetic method.
The development of concepts through thousands of years
Authors: Fried Katalin
Published: January 2021

There are several difficulties when teaching concepts; we have to consider its content, its abstract meaning, its visual representation, verbal and nonverbal aspects of it, etc. Also, the individual content of a concept changes with the knowledge of someone. However, the content of the concepts through the ages vary but education does not necessarily follow the changes. Not talking of the everyday meaning of a concept, this can get stuck at a certain level, while the scientific content changes. The concepts we teach in schools are not necessarily the actual ones. Thus, it is necessary to revise how we teach some of the concepts. One of the most important concepts of this kind is the prime number. Classification: D30, D39, C30, C39. Keywords: Prime number, concept development, goals of mathematics education, cognitive processes.
From the concrete activity to the exact mathematics
Authors: Fried Katalin , Török Judit , Vásárhelyi Éva
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we are dealing with problems that have been discussed with prospective mathematics teachers to make them discover methodological opportunities and pitfalls at different levels of problem solving. We have chosen topics which are in themselves interesting for children, because they can be introduced playfully with concrete activity, they require little mathematical knowledge at the start, and their conscious discussion is also important for mathematical activities and applications of mathematics. We will show in Chapter 2 how the games lead to the Fibonacci series and the Pascal triangle, and in Chapter 3, how to get from paper folding to dragon curves. Classification: A30, D50. Keywords: manipulative materials and their use in problem solving (visualizations, models, educational games, paper folding), Fibonacci sequence, Pascal triangle, dragon curve.
History of mathematics, mathematical histories, storytelling in Hungarian mathematics education
Authors: Gosztonyi Katalin
Published: January 2021

History of mathematics is rarely used in Hungarian mathematics education, and even more rarely goes beyond anecdotic mentions of history. In this paper I will argue that despite of this phenomenon, a historical perspective on mathematics, in a more general way, plays a crucial role in a specific Hungarian tradition of mathematics education, called felfedeztető matematikaoktatás (“teaching mathematics by guided discovery”). I will revisit the epistemological background of this approach, analyse the role of history in this view on the nature of mathematics and its teaching, and illustrate the analysis by some examples from written sources and nowadays teaching practice. Classification: A30, D20, D40. Keywords: History of mathematics, history in mathematics education, guided discovery in mathematics education.
Bereichsspezifische Strategien im Stochastiksunterricht
Authors: Götz Stefan
Published: January 2021

For multi-stage random experiments, probability trees are used for their description. Using the path rules, probabilities for the results of such multi-level experiments can be calculated from the probabilities that characterize the transitions from one step to the next. A natural next step is to look for sequences of random experiments, which can be represented by directed graphs. Analogous to the path rules, mean value rules serve to determine probabilities for an end of these random processes and their expected durations. Directed graphs and mean rules represent domain-specific strategies that take up and develop concepts of stochastic teaching at secondary level. Classification: D54, K64, N74, D29. Keywords: stochastics education, stochastically thinking, domain-specific strategy, MARKOV chains, directed graph, absorption probability, mean hitting time, transition probabilities, “Mittelwertsregeln”.
GeoGebra as a tool for visualisation in geometry education
Authors: Guncaga Ján , Budai László , Kenderessy Tibor
Published: January 2021

There are problems in geometry education in lower and upper secondary school, which students have with the spatial imagination and with the understanding of some geometric concepts. In this article, we want to present tasks that show some advantages of the software GeoGebra. We use this software as a tool to visualize and to explain some geometric concepts, as well as to support students’ spatial imagination. Classification: D30, G10. Keywords: space imagination, GeoGebra, mathematics education at lower and upper secondary level.
The Role of Rythm in the History of Mathematics and in the Learning of Mathematics
Authors: Kántor Tünde
Published: January 2021

We present a rhythm in the history of mathematics and in the learning of mathematics on the base of Bruner’s research work on the cognitive development of children. At first we present this rhythm on the base of his three modes of representation (enactive, iconic and symbolic representation) with the help of Table XLV. from Tobias Mayer’s Mathematischer Atlas (1745). We analyze his method in discussing figurate and space numbers. Then we give some other mathematical problems for Secondary Schools of the present-days, such as: problems of competitions and mathematical circles, Mason’s problem, problems from the KöMal (Mathematical and Physical Journal for Secondary Schools) connected with figurate and space numbers. Classification: A30, D50. Keywords: Bruner’s representation theory, Tobias Mayer’s Mathematischer Atlas, figurate and space numbers.
Die Mittelsenkrechte – stoffdidaktische Analyse und Bezüge zum Unterricht
Authors: Möller Anne , Rott Benjamin
Published: January 2021

The concept of the perpendicular bisector is analysed with a didactical view and different opportunities of definitions are discussed. After that we focus on the implementation in the classroom. Therefore, we look at the definition used in schoolbook but also the previous knowledge of children around the perpendicular bisector. Finally, written explanations of seventh-graders show how they argue with the concept of the perpendicular bisector. Classification: D70, E50, U20. Keywords: geometry, perpendicular bisector, mathematics education.
The long way a concept category develops
Authors: Pintér Marianna
Published: January 2021

By the age of 6 every child has all the characteristics and capabilities what an individual dealing with Mathematics basically needs. The following are still missing when starting school: conscious way of gaining experience, knowledge acquired and processed the proper way. In this article I would like to show a possible sample of this proper, long way. Classification: C30, C70, D40, E60, U30. Keywords: Mathematics, mathematical thinking , long way, proper educational work, before the preschool age, Preschool age, Junior primary school, Secondary school, to gain experience and to build concepts based on actions and acts.
Doppelte Diskontinuität, Fundamentale Ideen und Expository Style Teaching
Authors: Schweiger Fritz
Published: January 2021

Felix Klein coined the concept of double discontinuity. He rightly observed that students faced two major changes when they started to study mathematics at the university and when they returned as teachers to school feeling that university mathematics was not so useful. Recently a new book on this topic appeared (Ableitinger, Kramer und Prediger 2013). The didactical concepts of Fundamental Ideas (Schweiger 2010) and Expository Style Teaching (Schweiger 2016) could be a helpful addition to this problem. Classification: B50, D20, D40 . Keywords: Doppelte Diskontinuität, Fundamentale Ideen, Expository Style Teaching.
Der Reiseleiter für Mathematikdidaktik Ervin Deák und das Nichts, das zählt
Authors: Svitek Szilárd
Published: January 2021

In the mathematical history course of the mathematical didactic PhD training at the Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest the lecturer Ervin Deák works as a tour guide. A special topic is the development of the number zero, its importance in mathematics and mathematics education. Classification: A30, B50, F30. Keywords: mathematics education, history of mathematics, development of the number zero.
Der Fehler als ein strategisches Werkzeug im mathematischen Erkenntinsprozess
Authors: Vancsó Ödön
Published: January 2021

The dealing with mistakes and errors has a great significance in the mathematical learning process. This is especially true for paradoxes. The article demonstrates the occurrence of wrong conclusions on examples from mathematics lessons in statistics and probability theory. Classification: D70, K50, K70. Keywords: stochastics education, paradoxes in statistics, mistakes, errors, mathematical learning process.
Problemlösen im Mathematikunterricht nach George Pólya
Authors: Vargyas Emese
Published: January 2021

Pólya speaks in connection with problem-solving of a “practical art”, comparable to swimming, which can be learned mainly “by imitation and exercise”. In his book “How to solve it” Pólya explores the question “How to solve it?” by dividing the process of problem-solving into four steps. Based on a problem from the field of elementary geometry, this article illustrates these four steps. In addition, some insights are presented which were created within the framework of a course “Didactics of Geometry”. The presented exercises are intended especially for prospective and professional teachers who are interested in mathematical problem-solving. Classification: D53, D54, G43, G44, G53. Keywords: heuristics, mathematics education, problem-solving.
Zero – The contradiction between words and numbers
Authors: Wintsche Gergely
Published: January 2021

In this article I am dealing with the difference between the meaning and mental representation level of the number zero, when the word problem indicates the existence of a certain thing. This contradiction causes difficulty not only for the 10-year-old problem solvers, but also for university students. I give some statistics about the two different representation levels in the above mentioned two groups. There are huge differences between the two groups because university students were able to handle the problem but only two of them succeeded to do it on an ideal level. In my reasoning, I emphasize that the formulation of the task should not be necessarily short. Classification: C50, D50, F30. Keywords: number zero; word problem; problem solving; mathematics teaching; mental representation.
Tamás Vargas Reformbewegung und der ungarische Guided Discovery-Ansatz
Authors: Gosztonyi Katalin
Published: January 2021

This paper presents Tamás Varga’s work focusing especially on the Hungarian Complex Mathematics Education reform project led by him between 1963 and 1978 and the underlying conception on mathematics education named “guided discovery approach”. In the first part, I describe Varga’s career. In the second part, I situate his reform project in its international and national historical context, including the international New Math movement and the Guided Discovery teaching tradition, something which is embedded in Hungarian mathematical culture. In the third part, I propose a didactic analysis of Varga’s conception on mathematics education, underlining especially certain of its characteristics which can be related to Inquiry Based Mathematics Education. Finally I briefly discuss Varga’s legacy today. Classification: A30, D30, D40, D50. Keywords: Tamás Varga, Guided Discovery approach, Inquiry Based Mathematics Education, history of mathematics education, curricular reform.