bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guidelines on controlling latent tuberculosis infection to support tuberculosis elimination
Authors: Godoy P
Published: February 2021

Objectives: Latent TB infection (LTBI) affects 25% of the world’s population. As long as this reservoir exists, the elimination of TB will not be feasible. The Assembly of the World Health Organization adopted the “Global End TB” strategy for the elimination of TB in 2014. The objective of this review is to present strategies for risk groups that are candidates for the detection and treatment of LTBI. Material and method: There is sufficient evidence of screening in: immunocompromised people (HIV-infected, biological therapies, alternative renal therapy, organ transplantation), recent immigrants, inmates in prison, people injecting drugs and homeless people, and workers from at-risk settings. Tests to diagnose LTBI include tuberculin skin test (TST) and gamma release assay interferon (IGRA). There is no reference test and the choice of one or the other will depend on logistical considerations, such as avoiding injection (TST) or not needing a second visit (IGRA). Treatment of LTBI is based on the use of isoniazide and rifampicin in short period of 3 or 4 months, using associations of rifampicin and isoniazide or rifampicin alone. Discussion: Given the estimated high prevalence of LTBI, renewed efforts are required to reduce the number of people with LTBI that includes a registration and monitoring system to observer progress, increased testing, and the use of short treatment guidelines.
Making caesarean myomectomy safe and feasible: a 12 year single center experience
Authors: Agrawal Priti , Agrawal Rishi , Lobo Anandi , Chandrakar Jyotirmay
Published: February 2021

Background: To standardize our protocol of caesarean myomectomy to make it safe and feasible for all patients.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Aarogya Hospital and test tube baby Centre, Raipur from 1st January 2008 to 1st August 2020. Total 45 patients who had documented fibroid in index pregnancy and consented for the procedure were included. B- Lynch sutures were prophylactically applied in all cases to prevent PPH.Results: Our maximum patients were between the age of 20-30 years (66.67%) and 75.56% were primigravida. 44.45% cases were of intramural fibroids and in 53.34% cases the size of myoma was >5 cm. Malpresentation was seen in 15.56% cases. 62.22% myomas were removed through single incision. 33.33% patients had uneventful second CS with us with excellent scar healing in 93.33% cases. 20% cases had secondary infertility and are advised further evaluation to find cause of infertility.Conclusions: The decision to proceed with elective myomectomy at time of CS should be approached with proper pre-operative evaluation of the patient, thorough counseling for hysterectomy if required, expert team, arrangement of blood and adequate correction of medical factors like anemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Prophylactic application of B -Lynch sutures in all the cases made a dramatic improvement in tone of uterus which we observed intra operatively.
Clinical and microscopic correlation of abnormal vaginal discharge
Authors: N. Usharani , D. Swetha
Published: February 2021

Background: Vaginal discharge in the reproductive age group is the most common complaint encountered everyday both by gynaecologists and general practitioners. The prevalence of vaginal discharge in India is estimated to be 30%. Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause, followed by Candidiasis and Trichomonasis. Aims and objectives of the study were to correlate clinical and microscopic methods for diagnosing abnormal vaginal discharge and to find out the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in our set up.Methods: The study was carried out in Gynaecological OPD of VIMS, Ballari. After thorough history and gynecological examination, three samples were collected from the posterior fornix of vagina using sterile cotton swabs. The first swab was used to detect trichomonas vaginalis using wet mount microscopy. The second swab was used to determine amine/fishy odour (Whiff test). The third swab was used for gram staining to diagnose Bacterial vaginosis and Candida. The Gram-stained slides was evaluated using Nugent’s scoring system for detection of BV.Results: Bacterial vaginosis constitutes the most common cause of vaginal discharge, followed by Candidiasis and then Trichomoniasis in our set up. The sensitivity of clinical diagnosis is 71.93%, 88.9%, and 33.3% and specificity are 54.65%, 92.15% and 99.49% for Bacterial vaginosis, Candidiasis, and Trichomoniasis respectively.Conclusions: The most ideal approach is the microbiological approach for the etiological diagnosis of symptomatic vaginal discharge. The most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge is Bacterial vaginosis followed by Candidiasis and Trichomoniasis.
A comparative study of magnesium sulphate and isoxsuprine as a tocolytic in preterm labour
Authors: Mathuriya Gayatri , Tarware Ritu
Published: February 2021

Background: Preterm birth is a significant health problem across the world because of associated neonatal mortality and short-and long-term morbidity in later life. The incidence in India is higher than developed countries.Methods: The present study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, MGM Medical College and M. Y. Hospital. Indore, (Madhya Pradesh). The patients selected from labour rooms.100 antenatal women of gestational age between 28 weeks to 37 weeks presenting with preterm labor, 50 in each group. Group A consisted women receiving magnesium sulphate, group B had women receiving isoxsuprine. Efficacy of the two tocolytics, prolongation of pregnancy and neonatal outcome in preterm labour was assessed.Results: Intravenous magnesium sulphate was much effective in postponement of preterm labour for at least 48 hours (74%) as compared to isoxsuprine (50%). As a cervical dilatation, effacement increased the success rate of both the drugs came down. Magnesium sulphate side effects were better monitored clinically and tolerated. Also, better neonatal outcome and lesser perinatal mortality were noticed in this group (24%) compared to isoxsuprine (54%).Conclusions: Prematurity is the one of the major risk factor determing perinatal outcome. There is no ideal tocolytic, short term prolongation till steroid coverage for lung maturit with minimum side effects and to achieve better perinatal outcome recommended. The number of nursery admissions of preterm babies with better perinatal outcome were observed with magnesium sulphate. Also, the number of nursery admissions of preterm babies were less when treated with magnesium sulphate as tocolytic (also found to have neuroprotective effects in various studies), as compared to isoxsuprine.
Hysterectomy for benign conditions in a tertiary care centre: a clinical audit
Authors: Hymavathi K. , Madhuri P. V. Sreeleena , Brahmini Maddipudi , Madhubala Sakthi
Published: February 2021

Background: This clinical audit is to determine the indications, type, and outcome of hysterectomy performed for benign gynaecological conditions in two years and to identify the problem or issue (if any) in planning the hysterectomy for benign conditions.Methods: The present study is a hospital-based prospective study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, a tertiary care centre, Nellore, AP. Six hundred women, who underwent the hysterectomy during the study period are recruited into this study after obtaining hospital ethical committee approval and informed consent. Among the total of 50,450 women attended our OPD for gynaecological complaints, 600 patients underwent the hysterectomy. Thus 9.6% of total gynaecological admissions ended up with the hysterectomy.Results: The mean age group of the study is 49.07±8.0 years. Majority of women belonged to low socio-economic status. Predominant age group underwent hysterectomy was 40-49 years. Majority (78.2%; 469 cases) of hysterectomies were done in multiparous women. Chief complaints were menstrual irregularities. Abnormal uterine bleeding -leomyoma (AUB-L) (228 cases; 38%) was the most common indication for hysterectomy. Most commonly done procedure was total abdominal hysterectomy TAH (60.5%; 363 cases). 306 cases (51%) had oophorectomy  (beyond the age of 45 years).The various complications (hemorrhage, sepsis etc..) found to happen mainly in hysterectomies done through abdominal route. 95% of hysterectomised histopathological specimen’s histopathology reports correlated with the pre-operative biopsy reports.Conclusions: In proved benign conditions, women were counselled and encouraged for medical and conservative methods. Hysterectomies should be decided in those situations where the above measures fail and also where it was found to be the definitive management in the first instance. Woman’s option has also to be considered in certain cases. The route of hysterectomy has to be decided case to case basis and choice of the attending clinician. Oophorectomy was decided in the premenopausal women depending on the condition of the ovaries witnessed at the time of surgery.
Immunohistochemical expression of P53 and Ki-67 on epithelial tumors of ovary
Authors: Mohapatra Ipsita , Harshini Nikku , Samantaray Subha Ranjan , Sahitya K. Anantha
Published: February 2021

Background: Ovarian cancer is the third most common gynaecologic cancer and it is well known for its late presentation at advanced stage. Epithelial tumors of the ovary (EOT) are commonest of all ovarian neoplasms and their malignant forms represent about 90% of ovarian cancers. The determination of cell proliferation has been reported to be of diagnostic and prognostic significance. Over expression of p53 and Ki-67 has been claimed to be a marker of poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian tumors. Aim this study was to evaluate the biological significance of p53 and Ki-67 and their antigen expression in epithelial ovarian cancer.Methods: This is an observational study of 52 cases of ovarian tumors which were diagnosed and operated at Dept of Gynaecology, Prathima institute of medical sciences in South India, between August 2018 to July 2020.Results: The mean age of diagnosis for benign, borderline and malignant epithelial tumors was 42years, 49 years, 56years respectively. Most common histological type was serous epithelial tumors (50%). Highest p53 and Ki-67 immunoreactivity was seen in malignant tumors. Their co-expression was seen in 46.2% of the cases.Conclusions: Epithelial tumors and their malignant forms are common ovarian cancers, which are well known for its lethality and late presentation. Immunohistochemical markers p53 and Ki-67 frequently over expressed in epithelial tumors and has a prognostic role in determining the biologic tumor behaviour which further helps in planning the treatment.
A prospective study on feto-maternal outcome in patients with premature rupture of membranes at tertiary care center
Authors: S. A. Patil , B. H. Gaikwad , P. Purohit , Upadhyay Chintan
Published: February 2021

Background: PROM is associated with increased risk of chorioamnionitis, unfavorable cervix and dysfunctional labour, increased cesarean rates, postpartum hemorrhage and endometritis in the mother. Possible neonatal outcomes in cases of PROM may include respiratory distress syndrome, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, intraventricular hemorrhage, broncho pulmonary dysplasia etc. Objective of this study the maternal and perinatal outcomes in premature rupture of membranes at term.Methods: This prospective study was done among 100 pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes after 37 completed weeks visited at department of obstetrics & Gynecology in RCSM Hospital, Kolhapur during June 2014 and June 2015. Inclusion Criteria was Gestational  age  of  >37  weeks  confirmed  by  dates,  clinical  examination  or ultrasound, cervical dilatation of <3 cms, Lack of uterine contractions for atleast 1 hour from PROM, Single live pregnancy in vertex presentation and PROM confirmed by Direct visualization or Litmus.Results: Present study found highest number of cases among age group 20-24 years and mean age was 22 years. Almost 70% cases were un-booked. Average duration to PROM to hospital admission was 9.6 hours. Most common maternal outcome was febrile illness Most common perinatal outcome was birth asphyxia and 3 perinatal death.Conclusions: Pregnancies complicated with PROM should have supervised labor preferably in an institution. Management of each case has to be individualised. A combined effort of obstetrician and neonatalogist is necessary. A good neonatal intensive care unit can be instrumental in reducing the perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Prevalence of occult gynecological cancer in women undergoing surgeries for benign indications in a tertiary healthcare center of Chhattisgarh
Authors: Singh Abha , Kujur Avinashi , Gahine Renuka , Tiwari Rashmi
Published: February 2021

Background: Hysterectomy, the surgical removal of uterus, is 2nd most frequently performed major surgical procedures on women,with90% of hysterectomies are performed for benign indications. However, there may be cases in which malignancy or premalignant lesions which are only confirmed on histopathology are defined as occult malignancy.Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study on a cohort of women undergoing various gynaecological surgeries for benign indications in a time period of January 2019 to January 2020 in the Department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Dr. BRAM hospital and Pt. J. N. M. medical college, Raipur (C.G) to find out the prevalence of occult pre malignant and malignant lesions.Results: Of 132 women who underwent surgeries for benign gynecological indications, based on final histopathological report, prevalence of occult premalignant lesion was 11.36% (95% CI 5.7-16.3%) and prevalence of occult malignancy was 2.27% (95% CI 0.2 -4.8%). Prevalence of occult premalignant lesion of corpus uteri and cervix uteri was 2.3 and 9.1% respectively. No occult premalignant lesion of ovary was found. Prevalence of occult malignant lesion of corpus uteri and ovary was 1.5 and 0.75% respectively.Conclusions: We observed that even after complete preoperative workup only 72.7% of the preoperative clinical diagnoses were correlated with their histopathological diagnosis. Thus, while making the diagnosis, risk factors along with standard preoperative approach should be strongly adhered to prevent misdiagnosis and to prevent missing of any pre malignant or malignant findings.
Uterine torsion in a case of previous two caesarean section mimicking uterine rupture: a case report
Authors: Agrawal Priti , Agrawal Rishi , Chandrakar Jyotirmay
Published: February 2021

Uterine torsion (UT) is defines as a rotation of the uterus of more than 45 degree on its long axis. The predisposing factors for UT can be uterine asymmetry due to fibroids or mullerian anomalies, foetal malpresentation, pelvic adhesions and abdominal or ligamentous laxity other possible causes include external cephalic version, maternal trauma and abdominal massage. The clinical presentation of UT is non-specific. We report a case of previous 2 CS where we suspected rupture uterus but intraoperatively it was UT with unruptured fibrosed scar of previous CS. A 31 years old, G3P2 presented in emergency department with history of amenorrhea 9 months and severe abdominal pain for 5-6 hours. She had previous 2 CS done for contracted pelvis. We immediately suspected rupture of previous CS scar. On laparotomy dense intra-abdominal adhesions were found. After adhesiolysis we could find any sign of previous scar on the visible uterine wall. Entire uterine wall seemed as if we were doing CS in a primiparous patient. This made us suspicious of UT. UT is considered rare and has been referred to as an ‘obstetrician’s once in a lifetime diagnosis’. Recently cases have been reported with no associated pelvic factors although a common feature in all these cases had been previous CS. UT is a potentially dangerous complication of pregnancy both to the mother and to the foetus. Maternal mortality in modern era highly unexpected event but maternal morbidity can occur because of complications like uterine rupture, uterine abruptio, sepsis, pulmonary embolism and iatrogenic complications like injury to blood vessels, urinary tract and rectum. During laparotomy where correction of UT is not possible, a deliberate posterior hysterotomy can be done for delivery of foetus. Bilateral plication of the round ligaments can be done to prevent immediate postpartum recurrence of UT. UT though rare should be kept in mind while performing CS in cases of previous CS, associated myomas, ovarian tumour, malpresentations of foetus. Clinical symptoms may be absent or nonspecific and the diagnosis may be intraoperative.
Is genetic diagnosis a bliss or a bane in indian society? An impact on nuclear family: a case report of foetal skeletal dysplasia
Authors: Sandhu Inder Mohan Singh , Kaur Simranpreet , Nagpal Madhu
Published: February 2021

Genetic counseling has been becoming an integral part of reproductive medicine practice. In area of feto-maternal medicine findings of ultrasonography are very important. Genetic counselor tries to link dots between USG findings and their genetic base. If abnormality is found, after the legal termination of pregnancy, for clinicians and patients, main concern is about its recurrence in future pregnancies. But the question arises about the acceptability of genetic risk calculations by concerned patient and her family. As in society like ours, the genetically literate population is quite low and generally not well prepared to accept and understand the risks related to genetic abnormalities. This thing makes work of genetic counselors much difficult when the genetic aberration is found in the concerned couple. This raises a question about the social acceptance of genetically different individuals who are phenotypically normal but if they open up about their abnormal genetic status there will be a risk of decrease in their social acceptability. Hereby we present a case report which forced us to pause and think about the level of depth at which we as a society reached so far to accept genetic analysis as one of the diagnostic tool in routine clinical practice.
Prediction of success of induction of labour: Bishop’s score versus transvaginal sonographic parameters
Authors: Dasari Papa , Thiyagalingam Sutharshika
Published: February 2021

Bishop’s score is a standard method of pre-induction assessment of parameters to predict induction of labour. It is subjective and has interobserver variability and it does not take in to account the supra-vaginal cervix which forms more than 50% of cervical length. During the past 3 decades studies undertaken to find out a better predictor of labour induction found ultrasonographic assessment of cervix to be a better method. Cervical length, posterior cervical angle and head position are some of the parameters that were studied and compared with Bishops score. Among these posterior cervical angles of >1100 and cervical length of <2 cm are the best predictors for success of induction of labour. These parameters would help to explain the chances of vaginal delivery and the risk of undergoing caesarean section in an objective way.
The correlation between body mass index and the type of foot arches with the risk of hallux valgus in children aged 13–14 years old
Authors: Vittala Govinda , Sundari Luh Putu Ratna , Bhakti Krisnanda I Putu Radhe , Semariasih Ni Komang Dewi
Published: February 2021

Background: Hallux valgus is a deformity characterized by a change in the shape of the thumb with symptoms of swelling, redness and pain. Hallux valgus is progressive where there is a lump at the base of the thumb which can occur due to the weakness of the muscles and ligaments around the first metatarsophalangeal joint. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between body mass index and the type of foot arches on the risk of hallux valgus in children aged 13–14 years.  Methods: This research is a cross sectional analytic study with simple random sampling technique. The number of samples are 99 children (39 males, 60 females) aged 13–14 years. The variables measured were body mass index using body weight scales and a stature meter, the type of foot arches using a wet footprint test, and hallux valgus with a goniometer.Results: Our study shows that there is no significant correlation between body mass index and hallux valgus at the level of 0.157. However, there is a significant correlation between the type of foot arches and hallux valgus at the 0.003 level. In addition, there is a significant correlation between body mass index and foot arches.  Conclusions: There was a significant relationship between body mass index and foot arches and foot arches with the risk of hallux valgus. However, body mass index is not directly related to hallux valgus condition.
Surgical management of hepatolithiasis: an institutional experience of a rare disease
Authors: Kokoroskos Nikolaos , Alifieris Konstantinos , Agorgianitis Loukas , Zouglos Sotirios , Delis Spyridon
Published: February 2021

Hepatolithiasis remains as a rare condition in the majority of western world countries. Although genetic, dietary and environmental factors have been associated with the disease, the exact etiology of this entity remains elusive. Several approaches; surgical and non-invasive have been well described. However, surgery remains the standard of care for definitive treatment of the disease. We sought to present the recent experience of our clinic regarding the surgical management of hepatolithiasis in the backgound of a narrative literature review. All adult patients with hepatolithiasis admitted to our center during the period 2018 to 2020 were included in the study. Patients’ demographics, comorbidities and preoperative characteristics were collected by chart review. All patients underwent open left lateral hepatectomy. Three cases with hepatolithiasis were identified. All of them were male and had been suffering from recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. All patients remained asymptomatic and disease-free through the entire follow-up, except one case that was complicated with bile leakage during the immediate postoperative period. Hepatolithiasis is currently a rare condition in the western world. Surgery is safe and effective treatment approach for refractory cases and, provided that it is performed by experts in hepatobiliary surgery, it remains imperative for the definitive treatment of the disease.
Knowledge, perception and practices regarding novel coronavirus among sample of Ghanaian healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Serwaa Dorcas , Appiah Anthony Baffour , Wodag-Seme Richard , Nkansah Charles , Ahiatrogah Selasie
Published: February 2021

Background: Healthcare workers’ have increased risk of contracting the deadly COVID-19 pandemic due to their exposures to infected persons and their specimens. Ghana, like many other countries, has felt the devastating effects of this virus; it was therefore prudent to assess the levels of knowledge, perception and practice of Ghanaian healthcare providers on the current pandemic.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study enlisted 979 healthcare workers’ in Ghana from 1st Apr to 20th Nov, 2020, via self-reported questionnaire. SPSS version 22.0 was used for the analysis. Responses were summarized using frequency and proportions. A chi-square test was utilized to test for association at significant level of p <0.05.Results: Out of the 979 healthcare workers recruited, 56.4% had good knowledge and 59.5% displayed good perception on the novel COVID-19 while 63.1% of them effectively practiced the expected precautionary measures. Age (p=0.001), gender (p=0.034) and profession (p<0.001) significantly affected the practice of precautionary measure among the health personnel. The respondents’ perceptions towards the pandemic were significantly linked to their age (p<0.001), gender (p=0.043), profession (p<0.001), type of occupation (p=0.001) and source of information (p=0.006). Also, knowledge significantly related to good practices but did not influence the perception of HCWs.Conclusions: The current study identifies that more than half of HCWs in Ghana have sufficient knowledge, perception, and practice of precautionary measures; however, it elucidates some significant concerns about the knowledge gap in this COVID-19 outbreak. There is an obvious need for progressive in-service training programs for the health workers to broaden their scopes on the risks and preventive measures.
Seasonal variation and role of meteorological conditions in reported chicken pox cases in a residential hostel of Ramgarh
Authors: Gupta Vivek , Kumar Surinder , Mahajan Saurabh
Published: February 2021

Background: Chicken pox is an acute, common, and highly contagious disease caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV). Chicken pox is predominantly a childhood disease characterized by pruritic vesicular exanthema with systemic symptoms such as fever, loss of appetite, and malaise. Primary infection tends to occur at a younger age and is usually benign in immunocompetent children but can be life-threatening in adults and immunocompromised individuals, with an attack rate approaching >85% after exposure. This study attempts to evaluate the trend of chickenpox cases in a residential hostel in Ramgarh.Methods: This was a record based descriptive study done using reported Chicken Pox cases in the OPDs during the period from January 2015 to December 2018. Monthly average for meteorological data (Min and Max temperature, Precipitation and Humidity) for Ramgarh was recorded for the study period. Seasonality and trend was identified for chicken pox cases during this period by plotting the monthly number of clinically diagnosed cases over time period to identify any repeated pattern. Poisson’s distribution was used to estimate association between meteorological variables and incidence of chickenpox cases.Results: Analysis revealed strong correlations (r=0.7553, p<0.0001) between humidity and precipitation. There was a significant correlation between Incidence of varicella and meteorological factors under study (all p<0.05).Conclusions: The findings of this study will aid in forecasting epidemics and in preparing for the impact of climate change on the varicella epidemiology through the implementation of public health preventive measures such as promoting good hygiene practices, temporary   closure of educational institutions, active vaccination and campaigns that include press releases and media events to encourage preventive activities.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of people
Authors: Agarwal Mehak , Ravi Prithvi , Ramesh Chitra A. , Neslin Judson J.
Published: February 2021

Background: We conducted this survey to determine the impact of covid-19 on the mental health of people during the pandemic and period of lockdown. We evaluated certain factors such as sleep changes, anxiety, mood swings, irritability, inability to concentrate, smoking and alcohol consumption changes.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. We conducted an online questionnaire and circulated it via various social media platforms to record and evaluate responses of people. SPSS 16 version software and Microsoft excel sheet were used.Results: According to the results, people suffered from negative symptoms such as stress, fear, changes in smoking habits, changes in alcohol consumption, mood swings, inability to concentrate, sleep disturbances. Most people also started new coping mechanisms to help their psychological symptoms.Conclusions: An association between mental health and the outbreak of a pandemic was noticed. People experiencing these should get help and practice relaxation methods to prevent progression of their symptoms.
Impact of COVID-19 on mental health of healthcare professionals working in COVID-19 designated clinical areas in India
Authors: Sharma Kamlesh Kumari , Kaur Ravneet , Srinivasan Muthuvenkatachalam , Sarkar Siddarth , Mani Kalaivani , Sharma Yamya , Gupta Sandhya
Published: February 2021

Background: In the wake of the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019, there are reports of its impact on psychological wellbeing of the health care workers.Methods:   This cross-sectional survey was conducted in June 2020 in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India among conveniently sampled 93 participants i.e. doctors and nurses directly engaged in clinical activities in COVID-19 designated areas. A self-administered questionnaire through Google forms elicited symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress measured using the 9-item patient health questionnaire, 7-item generalized anxiety disorder scale, 7-item insomnia severity index, and 22-item impact of event scale-revised respectively.Results: Majority (53.8%) of the participants were male and their mean age was 30.2 years.  Most (72%) were nurses, the rest being doctors.  A substantial proportion of the participants had depression (47.4% of the sample), anxiety (29.0%), insomnia (32.3%) and distress (22.6%). Symptoms were disproportionately higher in female and single participants, nurses; those with history of chronic illness, staying in institute provided temporary accommodation, working on regular basis and perceiving lack of adequate personal protective equipment. Taking prophylactic hydroxychloroquine was associated with lower symptom rates.Conclusions: This survey revealed a considerable prevalence of mental health outcomes in HCWs demonstrating an association with age, gender; marital, professional and employment status, history of chronic illness, access to PPE, stay at institute provided temporary accommodation and prophylactic hydroxychloroquine use.
Anxiety and panic buying during COVID-19 pandemic among the Mizo
Authors: Ralte Rinpari , Tipandjan Arun , Halliday Mary Ann Lalhmingliani , Zothanmawia C. , Modi Ritu , Nithiya Devi R.
Published: February 2021

Background: Certain behaviours have been observed since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, such as buying and storing a lot of basic food and necessities, or hours spent obsessing over the virus. This research aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of the people living in Mizoram, a small north-eastern state in India, regarding psychological factors such as coronavirus anxiety and panic buying.Methods: A total of 300 samples aged 20-66 years (150 males and 150 females) participated in the online survey. Those who consented to participate filled the forms which included socio-demographic details, as well as the Corona Virus Anxiety Scale and the Panic Buying Scale.Results: Correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations (r=0.21, p<0.000) between Coronavirus Anxiety and Panic Buying. Socio-demographic variables such as age (r=-0.12, p<0.05) and spirituality (r=0.13, p<0.05) are significantly correlated with panic buying, whereas number of family members was found to be significantly correlated (r=0.14, p<=0.05) with Coronavirus anxiety. Furthermore, females scored significantly higher than males in Coronavirus anxiety (p<0.002) and Panic Buying (p<0.007). Analysis also revealed that the number of hours spent in thinking about Covid-19 has a significant impact on Coronavirus Anxiety, and that growth in budget significantly influences Panic buying.Conclusions: One vital policy implication of the present study is that during a pandemic the government and other responsible organizations should ensure delivery of only factual data about COVID-19 and also reassure people about the adequacy of essential commodities so that panic buying is not rampant.
Clinical and epidemiological spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019 in Central Kerala: a retrospective case series
Authors: Thomas Ronnie , John Bins M. , Koothapally Joe Thomas , Kumar Sanjeev , Adiody Supriya , Balachandran Venu , Valsan Chithra , Kuttichira Praveenlal
Published: February 2021

Kerala state in India was known for its early response to the Covid-19 pandemic by public health mitigation measures through science-based advocacy. The objective of this study was to analyze epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care center in central Kerala. This retrospective case series was undertaken by reviewing the medical records and extracting the epidemiological data, clinical symptoms and laboratory findings of consecutive patients admitted between April 1st and September 31, 2020. Clinical and demographic parameters of hospitalized patients were analyzed regarding their association with the severity of disease. The mean age of the patients was 35.8 years with significant male predominance. Shopkeepers represented 15.6% of the patients and healthcare workers represented 12.5%. Primary contact with a known case was documented in 62.5% of the patients. Asymptomatic patients constituted 25% of the patients and the most commonly experienced symptoms were fever, cough, breathlessness and diarrhea. Three patients had atypical presentations in the form of generalized seizures, intussusception and generalized anxiety with suicidal ideation. Neutrophilia and Lymphopenia were the most dominant laboratory finding. The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 in the study population is wider than previously described in literature.
Comparative study on surgical outcome for benign vocal cord lesions by conventional method versus coblation
Authors: K. Semmanaselvan , S. Muthuchitra , K. Sanjay Kumar , Mohideen Shaikh
Published: February 2021

Background: Benign vocal cord lesions are common laryngeal pathology found in routine clinical practice.microlaryngeal surgery is useful in excision for pathology. Coblation assisted microlaryngeal surgery is a new technique for the vocal cord lesions

Methods: Current study was conducted in Government Kilpauk medical college hospital and Government Royapettah hospital from the period of 2018 to 2019 in 40 patients with benign vocal cord lesion. The objectives of current study were to assess the voice handicap Index before and after surgery, to assess the surgical benefits and ease in doing the procedure intraoperatively and to assess the postoperative recovery in conventional micro laryngeal procedure.

Results: The overall analysis shows coblation being an evolving technique has advantages over the conventional cold knife method. Blood loss and the surgery duration was less in coblation. But the assessment tools of both voice handicap index, voice analysisand GRBASscore favours conventional micro laryngeal surgery with reduced scores and improvement in performance with statistically significant values probably due to minimal tissue handling and decrease in post op scarring in conventional micro laryngeal surgery.

Conclusions: The overall voice handicap index and voice analysis showed improvement post operatively in both the groups with more favoring response to conventional method with statistically significant values. In the same away the GRBAS score also favors the conventional method. Coblation being a newer technique can be employed for surgical treatment for micro-laryngeal surgery considering its advantages and less time consumption. Stroboscopy and other acoustic analysis along with long term follow up is needed.
EDUCAÇÃO, POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E JUSTIÇA SOCIAL
Authors: Curado Eliana Borges Fleury , Pereira Valdir Martins , Ferreira Joel Antônio
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo se propõe a investigar, sob o olhar da Filosofia, da Sociologia e da Teologia, respectivamente, a relação entre políticas públicas e educação, entendendo-as como promotoras de justiça social, em conformidade com o espírito da Campanha da Fraternidade de 2019, Fraternidade e Políticas Públicas. Pretende-se, por fim, demonstrar que políticas públicas efetivas envolvem necessariamente um sistema educacional orientado para a socialização, a formação profissional, a inclusão social e, sobretudo, para o exercício da cidadania, que implica na virtude civil do respeito à diferença e na virtude cristã do amor ao próximo.
OMOLU, OBALUAÊ, SÃO LÁZARO, SÃO ROQUE, A FÉ, A MEDICINA DO POBRE
Authors: Leite Gildeci De Oliveira
Published: February 2021

Para tratar da fé no orixá Xapanã/Omolu/Obaluaê – patrono das doenças e da cura, respeitosamente chamado “o Velho” –, é necessário conhecer algumas narrativas mitológicas próprias dessa divindade. O conhecimento dessas narrativas é também necessário para entender os recortes de suas características em suas diversidades africanas e afro-brasileiras. Tendo em vista essa dimensão qualitativa de diversidade, procurou-se descrever, comparar e analisar narrativas mitológicas envolvendo essa deidade, oriundas do continente africano ou da cultura afro-brasileira, bem como analisamos depoimentos ambientados na Bahia para mostrar os entrecruzamentos dos caminhos de cura da divindade africana/afro-brasileira com as figuras cristãs de São Lázaro e São Roque. Apesar de algumas diferenças, Omolu/Obaluaê e São Lázaro/São Roque possuem pontos em comum, destacados nas religiões afro-brasileiras, entre os quais o deburù (pipoca), chamado de “a flor do Velho”.
„Nekem állandóan fegyelmeznem kell” a pedagógusi karakterek egy lehetséges hipotetikus modellje
Authors: Kósa Rita Diána
Published: February 2021

How discipline the teachers in the primary schools in Hungary? How should they discipline tomeet the expectations, values and norms of our society? According to my research, in today’sprimary schools there are significant differences between discipline and conflict management.I analyse the differences and I set the behavior patterns of the teachers into three distinct types.These three characters are controlled from traditions, outside and inside. These three types aredistinctly distinct in everyday life of schools, with different effects on students’ socialization. Inthis paper, I present this hypothetical model, its operation in the dimension of discipline. Theinterviews that underlie the analysis were prepared by village teachers teaching in the Vásárosnamény micro-region.
Female quotas for women in academia, or natural but slow change that might take decades?
Authors: Takács Izolda
Published: February 2021

This present study aims to provide a comprehensive representation of the Hungarian aspects ofacademic membership for women, based on the contribution of valuable insight from researchers and academics while also listing the possible opportunities and tools that might be of helpfor raising the proportion of female academics in our country. The study summarizes their voicesarticulated on the pages of Magyar Tudomány [Hungarian Science].
Etnikai kategóriák és a migráció összefüggései Beregszászon
Authors: Hires-László Kornélia
Published: February 2021

In the paper, we try to demonstrate what migration trends in Beregszász have been conductedin focus group discussions on everyday ethnicity, and how ethnicity appears in these migrationprocesses. In the study, we mainly summarize the findings of the research, which we carriedout in the summer of 2016 and reflected in some descriptions of the changes that have takenplace since the summer of 2017. The study is primarily descriptive and only interprets issueswithin ethnicity and ethnic categories, we do not aim to compare the conclusions with previousmigration research results. In the analysis, the social constructivism methodological approachis applied. Our aim is to present the discourses: how the opinions are constructed and differingopinions can form unity.
Clinical radiation and morphological features of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in the dynamics of the disease
Authors:   Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Educatio, Khodosh Eduard M. ,   City Clinical Hospital № 13, Griff Sergey L. ,   City Clinical Hospital № 13, Ivakhno Igor V. ,   City Clinical Hospital № 13
Published: February 2021

War has been declared to mankind, the initiator and enemy of which has become a new disease caused by the coronavirus (SARS Cov-2 RNA). Victory in this war, that is, the survival and recovery of each patient depends on the solution of many scientific, technical, organizational and clinical problems, in particular, a more optimal understanding of the morphological and clinical-radiation picture of this disease. The initial diagnostic hypothesis for COVID-19 is based on an influenza-like condition and molecular tests such as polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) sequencing. However, these tests can be false positive or false negative (up to 30 %) and are not available in emergency situations. Therefore, clinical symptoms in the context of radiological and morphological diagnostics are used as an important marker for identifying the etiology of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in the current epidemiological conditions.
A clinical case of long-term differential diagnosis of a disseminated process in the lungs as a manifestation of mixed connective tissue disease
Authors:   Private institution educational organization «Medical University «Reaviz» in Saratov, Solovyova Elina N. , Kalyuta Tatyana Yu. ,   Private institution educational organization «Medical University «Reaviz» in Saratov, Kazhekin Oleg A. ,   Private institution educational organization «Medical University «Reaviz» in Saratov, Glukhova Nadezhda A. ,   Private institution educational organization «Medical University «Reaviz» in Saratov,   Health resort «Oktyabr'skoe Ushchel'e», Ryzhova Galina V. ,   Health resort «Oktyabr'skoe Ushchel'e», Volodko Lyudmila F. ,   Private institution educational organization «Medical University «Reaviz» in Saratov
Published: February 2021

Connective tissue diseases (CTD) are common causes of disseminated small – focal lung damage. The complexity of diagnostic approach in such cases occur due to intolerance of many symptoms and syndromes, that can also relate to diseases of other different etiologies. It is often not possible to identify the pathognomonic syndrome in CTD, as well as to establish an accurate diagnosis after a long time. This complicates the selection of effective treatment and, accordingly, the inability to predict the course and development of the disease. Sometimes, due to the intersection of symptoms, the diagnosis sounds like «MCTD» (mixed connective tissue diseases) – a rare systemic connective tissue disease, characterized by a combination of individual signs of systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, polymyositis. This publication presents a clinical case of a long-term course of mixed MCTD in a patient who has been observed for more than 10 years in different hospitals, and by outpatient observation, and within this year’s differential diagnosis with other CTD and infectious diseases was held, including rheumatic fever.
Predictive value of the N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide in the long-term prognosis of ventricular arrhythmia in diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome of young and middle age
Authors:   The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Wang Zheming ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Asafieva Elena A. ,   St. Petersburg City Pokrovskaya Hospital, Makeeva Tatiana I. ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Published: February 2021

The article investigates the prognostic value of pro-B-type N-terminal natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) in connection with ventricular extrasystoles (VES) in a population of patients with diabetes mellitus with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after successful coronary reperfusion by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients with ACS were examined by defining biomarkers and performing echocardiography (EchoCG) on the first day of ACS after PCI with stenting of the infarction-related coronary artery, and Holter monitoring of electrocardiography (HM-ECG) on the second day after PCI; 12 months later, EchoCG, HM-ECG and NT-proBNP determination were repeated. It was found that the incidence of VES in the long-term prognosis among ACS patients with diabetes of young and middle age was more frequent than in patients without diabetes. A positive correlation was found between the NTproBNP level and ventricular arrhythmia in ACS patients with diabetes mellitus. It has been proven that a high level of NT-proBNP on the first day in patients with ACS after PCI as an independent indicator of risk to development of VES in long-term prognosis.
Structural and functional changes in the kidneys and their effect on cardiovascular risk in elderly patients
Authors:   Belgorod National Research University, Golovina Natalya I. , Lykov Yury A. ,   Belgorod National Research University
Published: February 2021

Like other organ systems, the kidneys also go through process of normal senescence, including both anatomical and physiological changes. Normal physiological aging is characterized by the expected age-related changes in the kidneys. With age, the kidneys are subject to structural changes, for example, there is a decrease in the number of functional glomeruli due to an increase in the prevalence of nephrosclerosis (atherosclerosis, glomerulosclerosis, atrophy of the tubules with interstitial fibrosis) and to some extent compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining nephrons. Older age is also associated with reduced cortical volume, increased medullary, and larger and more numerous renal cysts. Changes in normal aging are important in clinical practice. Against the background of suppression of reparative capabilities, the elderly are more prone to acute damage and chronic kidney disease, aggravation of the course of chronic kidney disease. The elderly have less renal functional reserve when they do actually develop chronic kidney disease and they are also at higher risk for acute kidney injury. Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and a common comorbidity among patients with kidney disease. In this review, we have identified the most characteristic structural and functional changes in the kidneys in elderly patients and their impact on cardiovascular risk.
Relationship of arterial hypertension, metabolic syndrome with vitamin D deficiency in women
Authors:   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, Vasilieva Lyudmila V. , Tatarintseva Yuliya V. ,   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, Gosteva Elena V. ,   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, Popov Sergej Y. ,   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko
Published: February 2021

Objective: To assess the relationship between vitamin D deficiency (VD) and risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MS) in postmenopausal women with arterial hypertension (AH). Materials and methods of research. The study included 46 women aged 45–65 years with amenorrhea > 12 months, having grade 1 hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Anthropometric, laboratory and instrumental data were studied. Biochemical parameters included total cholesterol (OH), HDL, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and 25-hydroxyvitamin-D [25 (OH)D]. Daily blood pressure monitoring was performed according to the standard protocol. Levels of 25(OH)D in blood serum was classified as-adequate (≥ 30 ng/ml) and insufficient (20–29 ng/ml). Results: Level 25 (OH)D in blood serum was sufficient in 21 women (45.6 %), insufficient – in 25 (54.4 %). Women with insufficient levels of 25 (OH)D had higher levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Metabolic syndrome was detected in 64 % (16/25) of women with hypovitaminosis D and in 43 % (9/21) of women with sufficient VD (p < 0.01). The correlation analysis established the relationship of the low level of 25 (OH)D (< 30 ng / ml) with MS (r = 0.68), high triglycerides (r = 0.74) and low HDL (r = 0.71). The average concentration of 25 (OH) D decreased with an increase in the number of MS components (p = 0.016). Conclusions: VD deficiency in postmenopausal women was associated with a higher prevalence of MS. Women with HDL deficiency had a higher risk of MS, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL levels compared to those with adequate levels.