bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Cómo afecta el ejercicio físico con fines de salud o el deporte recreativo a la aurícula izquierda? Meta-análisis de estudios observacionales y experimentales.
Authors: Florio Lucia , Rivoir Santiago
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Physical exercise affects the morphology and function of the left atrium. Elite athletes have increased volume without increasing stiffness. The effect of exercise on the atria of the general population is less well known.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise on the anatomy and function of the left atrium. Main objective: compare left atrial volume indexed to body surface area; secondaries: to compare ejection fraction and left atrial peak longitudinal strain, E/e´ ratio and new atrial fibrillation in a population that practices aerobic exercise for at least 4 weeks vs non-active.
Method: Meta-analysis of observational or experimental studies. Excluded: subjects with baseline atrial fibrillation, non-aerobic exercise; elite/professional athletes. Keywords: “physical exercise AND left atrial function”, until 2/21/2022 in Pubmed, Scielo, clinicaltrials.gov and hand-search.
Results: Eleven studies included in main outcome; 789 subjects, median age 52 years; female sex 24%. Main outcome (only statistically significant): left atrial index volume 2.65 ml/m2 ˃ in the exercise group (p=0.006). No results were found for incidence of atrial fibrillation.
Conclusions: In the general population, aerobic exercise favors dilation of the left atrium. The relevance is doubtful due to contradictory and non-significant results on atrial stiffness.

Introducción: El ejercicio físico afecta la morfología y función de la aurícula izquierda. Atletas de élite tienen aumento del volumen sin aumentar la rigidez. El efecto del ejercicio en la aurícula de la población general es menos conocido.
Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del ejercicio aeróbico en anatomía y función de aurícula izquierda. Objetivo primario: comparar volumen de aurícula izquierda indexado a superficie corporal; secundarios: comparar fracción de eyección y strain longitudinal pico de aurícula izquierda, relación E/e ́ y nueva fibrilación auricular en población que practique ejercicio aeróbico por al menos 4 semanas vs no activos.
Método: Meta-análisis de estudios observacionales o experimentales. Se excluyeron sujetos con fibrilación auricular basal, ejercicio no aeróbico; atletas de élite/profesionales. Palabras claves: “physical exercise AND left atrial function”, hasta 21/2/2022 en Pubmed, Scielo, clinicaltrials.gov y búsqueda manual.
Resultados: Once estudios incluidos en objetivo primario; 789 sujetos, mediana edad 52 años; sexo femenino 24%. Resultado primario (único estadísticamente significativo): volumen indexado de aurícula izquierda 2,65 ml/m2 ˃ en grupo ejercicio (p=0,006). No se encontraron resultados para incidencia de fibrilación auricular.
Conclusiones: En población general, el ejercicio aeróbico favorece la dilatación de la aurícula izquierda. La relevancia es dudosa por resultados contradictorios y no significativos sobre rigidez auricular.
Efectividad de la suplementación nutricional con polifenoles sobre el daño muscular y marcadores de estrés oxidativo en diferentes tipos de ejercicios físicos: Una revisión de la literatura.
Authors: Donadio Pedro , Muñoz Cristobal , Flores-Lucero Francisca , Garcia-Diaz Diego F. , Farias-Valenzuela Claudio , Quezada Esteban , Poblete-Aro Carlos
Published: December 2022

During exercise, there is a redox imbalance that increases reactive oxygen species, generating oxidative stress that favors muscle damage, affecting physical and sports performance. Different antioxidant supplements have been used to optimize muscle recovery after physical exercise. However, the effects of various antioxidants have been counterproductive, since the reactive oxygen species generated by exercise are necessary for muscle adaptation and their reduction prevents correct intracellular signaling and consequently the adaptation of skeletal muscle to exercise. Polyphenols are a type of antioxidant that are present in various fruits and herb extracts that have different characteristics depending on their structure and composition, some presenting a cell signaling pathway similar to exercise, generating different stimuli at the skeletal muscle level, being able to reduce the oxidative damage generated by exercise and even being able to enhance its effects. The aim of this literature review is to describe the effect of various polyphenols on muscle damage and biomarkers of oxidative stress on different forms of physical exercise and sports in adults.

Durante la realización de ejercicio, existe un desbalance redox que aumenta las especies reactivas de oxígeno generando un estrés oxidativo que favorece el daño muscular incidiendo en el rendimiento físico y deportivo. Diferentes suplementos antioxidantes han sido utilizados para optimizar la recuperación muscular posterior a la realización de ejercicio físico. Sin embargo, los efectos de diversos antioxidantes han sido contraproducentes, ya que las especies reactivas de oxígeno generadas por el ejercicio son necesarias para la adaptación muscular y la disminución de éstas, impide la correcta señalización intracelular y con esto, la adaptación del músculo esquelético frente al ejercicio físico. Los polifenoles son un tipo de antioxidantes que están presentes en diversos frutos y extractos de hierbas que poseen diversas características dependiendo de su estructura y composición, presentando algunos una ruta de señalización celular similar al ejercicio físico, generando diferentes estímulos a nivel del músculo esquelético, pudiendo reducir el daño oxidativo generado por el ejercicio e incluso, pudiendo potenciar sus efectos. El objetivo de la presente revisión a la literatura es determinar y describir el efecto de diversos polifenoles en el daño muscular y marcadores de estrés oxidativo posterior a diferentes modalidades de ejercicio físico y deportes en adultos.
Multiple Sclerosis and Use of Medical Cannabis: A Retrospective Review of a Neurology Outpatient Population
Authors: Rainka Michelle M. , Aladeen Traci S. , Mattle Anna G. , Lewandowski Emily , Vanini Denis , McCormack Katelyn , Mechtler Laszlo
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND

Patients diagnosed as having multiple sclerosis (MS) experience a wide range of symptoms requiring pharmacologic management, and many do not achieve adequate symptom control. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of medical cannabis (MC) as part of a comprehensive treatment plan for patients with MS.

METHODS

A retrospective medical record review of 141 patients with MS receiving MC for symptom management was conducted. Data were collected for up to 4 follow-up appointments after initiation of MC. Outcomes included changes in MS symptoms, medication changes, adverse events, and changes in cognition and mobility.

RESULTS

Patients experienced extensive MS symptom improvement after initiation of MC, with alleviation of pain (72% of patients) and spasticity (48% of patients) and improvement in sleep (40% of patients) the most common. There was a significant reduction in concomitant opioid use after initiating MC as evidenced by a significant decrease in daily morphine milligram equivalents among patients prescribed opioid analgesics (P = .01). Decreases in muscle relaxant use and benzodiazepine use did not reach significance (P > .05). The most common adverse reaction to MC was fatigue (11% of patients).

CONCLUSIONS

In many patients with MS, MC was well tolerated, eased pain and spasticity, improved sleep and other symptoms, and reduced use of concomitant opioid analgesics. Prospective studies are needed to further investigate the role of MC in the treatment of patients with MS.
The Educational Aspect of Ensuring the Safety of Children from the Liberated Territories
Authors: Gur'yanchik Vitalii Nikolaevich , Belkina Vera Valentinovna , Makeeva Tatiana Vitalievna
Published: December 2022

Social security is one of the guarantees of development of the contemporary society. The term “social security” has recently become broadly used in psychological, pedagogical and social contexts, when the issues of human and society protection joined the priority tasks of science and practice. The relevance of providing the social security of childhood is actualized at the level of national state policy and is recognized as an important tool in solving the foreign policy issues. The article actualizes the attention on the problem of social security of children from liberated territories of Ukraine (Lugansk People’s Republic and Donetsk People’s Republic) in the aspect of implementing educational projects for schoolchildren with a view of learning the Russian traditions and customs, which makes it possible to review the life values and attitude to our country. In July and August 2022, Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinskiy took part organization and implementation of “University Sessions”, initiated by the Ministry of Enlightenment of the Russian Federation within the frameworks of a federal project. The program implied a number of events of educational, cultural-historical, sportive, leisure and career guidance character. The University accepted three sessions with total of 109 children of both genders aged 12 to 17 y.o.
Transformation of Certain Principles of Formation and Activity of Public Authorities
Authors: Embulaeva Natalia , Shapovalov Anatolii , Sluchevskii Vladislav Gennad'evich
Published: December 2022

The subject of the study is public relations related to the implementation of certain principles of the formation and functioning of public authorities at various levels. The principle of electability of officials of legislative bodies of state power and representative bodies of local self-government, as well as heads of subjects of the Russian Federation is analyzed. The author examines the question of the transformation of the principles of the activities of public authorities from the point of view of the combination of public and private interests realized in the activities of power structures. Particular attention is paid to the principles of maintaining citizens' trust in the actions of the state, the principle of people-saving and the principle of responsibility of authorities to voters (the institution of recall of an elected person). The main conclusions of the study are proposals to consolidate educational qualifications in relation to officials of federal and regional government bodies in the legislation. It seems appropriate to fix the requirement of higher education for persons applying for the positions of head of state, heads of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as deputies of legislative authorities. It is also necessary to create and reflect in the legislation mechanisms for the recall of all elected officials by the population if they are dishonest in the exercise of their powers and do not justify the people's trust entrusted to them. In the context of demographic challenges, it is also advisable to consolidate the principle of saving people in the activities of public authorities.
Divergence measures on intuitionistic fuzzy sets
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Matej Bel University, Kobza Vladimír
Published: December 2022

The basic study of fuzzy sets theory was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh in 1965. Many authors investigated possibilities how two fuzzy sets can be compared and the most common kind of measures used in the mathematical literature are dissimilarity measures. The previous approach to the dissimilarities is too restrictive, because the third axiom in the definition of dissimilarity measure assumes the inclusion relation between fuzzy sets. While there exist many pairs of fuzzy sets, which are incomparable to each other with respect to the inclusion relation. Therefore we need some new concept for measuring a difference between fuzzy sets so that it could be applied for arbitrary fuzzy sets. We focus on the special class of so called local divergences. In the next part we discuss the divergences defined on more general objects, namely intuitionistic fuzzy sets. In this case we define the local property modified to this object. We discuss also the relation of usual divergences between fuzzy sets to the divergences between intuitionistic fuzzy sets.
A new operation over intuitionistic fuzzy pairs
Authors:   Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Andonov Velin ,   Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Zadrożny Sławomir ,   Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Atanassova Lilija ,   Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2022

The basic study of fuzzy sets theory was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh in 1965. Many authors investigated possibilities how two fuzzy sets can be compared and the most common kind of measures used in the mathematical literature are dissimilarity measures. The previous approach to the dissimilarities is too restrictive, because the third axiom in the definition of dissimilarity measure assumes the inclusion relation between fuzzy sets. While there exist many pairs of fuzzy sets, which are incomparable to each other with respect to the inclusion relation. Therefore we need some new concept for measuring a difference between fuzzy sets so that it could be applied for arbitrary fuzzy sets. We focus on the special class of so called local divergences. In the next part we discuss the divergences defined on more general objects, namely intuitionistic fuzzy sets. In this case we define the local property modified to this object. We discuss also the relation of usual divergences between fuzzy sets to the divergences between intuitionistic fuzzy sets.
A mathematical model using temporal intuitionistic fuzzy sets
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Vellalar College for Women, Geetha S. P. , Parvathi R. ,   Department of Mathematics, Vellalar College for Women
Published: December 2022

Krassimir T. Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS), one of the extensions of fuzzy sets, have shown to be one of the most effective ways to handle ambiguity. John N. Mordeson and Davender S. Malik developed the idea of a fuzzy finite state machine. Intuitionistic fuzzy finite state machines were created by Jun as a generalisation of fuzzy finite state machines. In order to increase the uncertainty and lower the periodic functions in intuitionistic fuzzy finite state automata, new membership and non-membership functions based on transitions were introduced in this study. Also, temporal intuitionistic fuzzy automata (TIFA) were defined and used to model a pattern.
Changes in seam number and location induce holes within microtubules assembled from porcine brain tubulin and in Xenopus egg cytoplasmic extracts
Authors: Guyomar Charlotte , Bousquet Clément , Ku Siou , Heumann John M , Guilloux Gabriel , Gaillard Natacha , Heichette Claire , Duchesne Laurence , Steinmetz Michel O , Gibeaux Romain , Chrétien Denis
Published: December 2022

Microtubules are tubes of about 25 nm in diameter that are critically involved in a variety of cellular functions, including motility, compartmentalization, and division. They are considered as pseudo-helical polymers whose constituent αβ-tubulin heterodimers share lateral homotypic interactions, except at one unique region called the seam. Here, we used a segmented sub-tomogram averaging strategy to reassess this paradigm and analyze the organization of the αβ-tubulin heterodimers in microtubules assembled from purified porcine brain tubulin in the presence of GTP and GMPCPP, and in Xenopus egg cytoplasmic extracts. We find that in almost all conditions, microtubules incorporate variable protofilament and/or tubulin subunit helical-start numbers, as well as variable numbers of seams. Strikingly, the seam number and location vary along individual microtubules, generating holes of one to a few subunits in size within their lattices. Together, our results reveal that the formation of mixed and discontinuous microtubule lattices is an intrinsic property of tubulin that requires the formation of unique lateral interactions without longitudinal ones. They further suggest that microtubule assembly is tightly regulated in a cytoplasmic environment.
Endoscopic Papillectomy for Ampullary Tumors
Authors: Cho Kwang Bum
Published: December 2022

Ampullary tumors originate from the ampulla of Vater and are often discovered incidentally during an upper endoscopy. These tumors usually occur sporadically and may be benign or malignant in nature. Tumor growth clinically presents with cholestasis, pancreatitis, and bleeding. Patients with ampullary adenomas are often asymptomatic; however, removal of these lesions is recommended in view of their malignant potential. Following advances in endoscopic techniques and the accumulation of experience, considering high recurrence, mortality, and morbidity rates associated with surgery, endoscopic papillectomy may be useful as first-line treatment for adenomatous lesions with ambiguous malignant changes or focal intraepithelial carcinoma. Although it is relatively safe and easy to perform, the operation is a high-level procedure that may be associated with serious complications. It should be performed by an experienced endoscopist at a well-equipped hospital/center with emergency facilities and support personnel. Accurate resection is associated with high treatment success rates. Most complications are mild and can be treated medically. Pancreatitis is the most common complication, and pancreatic duct stenting is useful for prophylaxis. Recurrence may occur, and is more frequently observed during segmental resection; therefore, close periodic follow-up is essential. Although there are no unified indications or guidelines for endoscopic papillectomy, endoscopic papillectomy may be safe and effective for management of ampullary adenomas. Careful patient selection and follow-up are mandatory.
NTD Health: an electronic medical record system for neglected tropical diseases
Authors: Ochoa Rodrigo , Álvarez Alessa , Freitas Jordan , Purkayastha Saptarshi , Vélez Iván D.
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The use of technological resources to support processes in health systems has generated robust, interoperable and dynamic platforms. In the case of institutions working with neglected tropical diseases (NTD), there is a need for NTD-specific customizations. Objectives: To establish a medical records platform, specialized for NTD, which would facilitate the analysis of treatment evolution in patients, as well as generate more accurate data about various clinical aspects. Materials and methods: Here we developed a customized electronic medical record system based on OpenMRS for multiple NTDs. A set of forms and functionalities was developed under the OpenMRS guidelines, using shared community modules. Results: All the customized information was packaged in a distribution called NTD Health. The platform is web-based and can be upgraded and improved by users without technological barriers.Conclusions: The EMR system can become a useful tool for other institutions to improve their health practices as well as the quality of life for NTD patients, simplifying the customization of healthcare systems able to interoperate with other platforms.
Costo-efectividad de la oxigenación con membrana extracorpórea en pacientes con síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda en Colombia
Authors: García Alex , Giraldo Nelson Darío
Published: December 2022

Introducción. La terapia con oxigenación con membrana extracorpórea es costosa y, aunque existe existen indicios en la literatura de que puede ser una intervención costoefectiva en los países desarrollados, hay dudas sobre su costo-efectividad en un país con un producto interno bruto per cápita bajo, como Colombia.Objetivo. Determinar el incremento de la relación costo-efectividad de la terapia con oxigenación con membrana extracorpórea en pacientes con síndrome de dificultadrespiratoria aguda en Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se eligieron pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda para el análisis de costo-efectividad desde la perspectiva del sistema de salud. Se compararon aquellos pacientes con asistencia respiratoria mecánica con volúmenes bajos con aquellos tratados con oxigenación con membrana extracorpórea. Se determinaron los costos médicos directos de la atención y el incremento de la relación costo-efectividad a los 6 meses.Resultados. El costo esperado por paciente en asistencia respiratoria mecánica protectora fue de COP$ 17’609.909. El costo del soporte mediante terapia de oxigenación con membrana extracorpórea fue de COP$ 98’784.116. La relación de costo-efectividad promedio fue de COP$ 141’662.435 por cada vida salvada (USD$ 41.276).Conclusiones. El soporte con terapia de oxigenación con membrana extracorpórea tuvo un costo promedio de COP$ 141’662.435 por cada vida salvada, equivalente a USD$ 41.276 dólares y el incremento de la relación costo-efectividad fue de COP$ 608’783.750 (USD$ 177.384), casi diez veces superior a la regla de decisión de 3 PBI per cápita (COP$ 59’710.479).
Validez y reproducibilidad de un método para estimar la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria en adultos universitarios
Authors: Arcila Eliana , Restrepo Carlos , Valbuena Luis , Quintero Mario Andrés , Marino Felipe , Osorio Jorge Alberto , Gallo-Villegas Jaime , Saldarriaga-Franco Juan Fernando
Published: December 2022

Introducción. La capacidad física cardiorrespiratoria es un predictor de mortalidad por enfermedad cardiovascular y por todas las causas. Su diagnóstico en diferentes grupos tiene utilidad clínica y en salud pública.Objetivo. Evaluar la validez y reproducibilidad de un método sin ejercicio implementado por la NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), para estimar el volumen máximo de oxígeno (VO2máx) consumido en adultos universitarios.Materiales y métodos. Estudio de validación de una prueba que incluyó 94 individuos sanos de ambos sexos (18 a 55 años). La prueba de referencia fue la ergoespirometría. La validez y la reproducibilidad se evaluaron mediante el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, CCI) y el método de Bland-Altman. Resultados. Del total de los individuos incluidos en el estudio, 48,9 % fueron mujeres. La media de edad de los participantes fue de 30,54 ± 9,33 años y, la del VO2máx, fue de 41,29 ± 9,54 mlO2.kg-1.min-1. Se encontró una diferencia de medias de VO2máx entre la ergoespirometría y el estimado por el método implementado por la NASA de 3,41 ± 5,64 mlO2.kg-1.min-1. La concordancia entre los dos métodos fue buena, con un coeficiente de correlación intraclase de 0,858 (IC95% 0,672-0,926). El porcentaje de error fue del 29,70 %. La reproducibilidad de las dos estimaciones por el método implementado por la NASA fue excelente, con un coeficiente de correlación intraclase de 0,986 (IC95% 0,927-0,995).Conclusiones. El método NASA es válido y reproducible para estimar el VO2máx en adultos universitarios; además, es seguro y de fácil aplicación. Se recomienda la estimación de la capacidad física cardiorrespiratoria para mejorar la tamización en los programas de riesgo cardiometabólico e implementar intervenciones oportunas.
Teoría de la complejidad en la atención del paciente con dolor musculoesquelético
Authors: Andreu Mauro , Policastro Pablo , Díias Tatiana , Pardo Yolanda
Published: December 2022

Los sistemas no lineales no son susceptibles de ser investigados con métodos reduccionistas. En este sentido, la teoría de la complejidad ofrece un enfoque alternativo para cuantificar la importancia de los factores contextuales en el paciente con dolor musculoesquelético. El resultado del uso positivo (placebo) o negativo (nocebo) de factores contextuales en el entorno terapéutico, podría ser responsable de gran parte de un componente inespecífico en la eficacia del tratamiento, afectando directamente la calidad de los resultados relacionados con la salud del paciente (por ejemplo, dolor, funcionalidad o satisfacción).En los últimos años, se ha incrementado la comprensión del valor de estos efectos. A pesar del creciente interés, el conocimiento y el reconocimiento de los efectos terapéuticos, continúan siendo limitados y heterogéneos entre los fisioterapeutas, lo cual reduce su valor traslacional en el campo de la fisioterapia.El propósito de este estudio es presentar el abordaje el paciente con dolor  musculoesquelético desde la perspectiva la teoría de la complejidad.
Sincronización entre la videodeglución y la electromiografía de superficie en pacientes con afectación neurológica y síntomas de disfagia
Authors: Suárez-Patiño Laura V. , Orozco-Duque Andrés , Pérez-Giraldo Estefanía , Roldán-Vasco Sebastián , Suárez-Escudero Juan Camilo , Martínez-Moreno Lillyana
Published: December 2022

Introducción. La disfagia se define como la dificultad para movilizar la comida desde la boca hasta el estómago. La prueba diagnóstica para esta condición es la videofluoroscopia, la cual no es totalmente inocua pues utiliza radiación ionizante. La electromiografía de superficie registra la actividad eléctrica de los músculos de manera no invasiva, por lo que puede considerarse como una alternativa para evaluar la deglución y estudiar la disfagia. Objetivo. Evaluar la relación entre los tiempos relativos de activación de los músculos implicados en la fase oral y faríngea de la deglución, con los movimientos registrados durante la videofluoroscopia.Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron las señales de la electromiografía de superficie de 10 pacientes neurológicos con síntomas de disfagia, captadas en forma simultánea con la videofluoroscopia. Se suministraron 5 ml de yogur y 10 ml de agua, y 3 g de galleta. Se estudiaron bilateralmente los grupos musculares maseteros, suprahioideos e infrahioideos. Se analizó el paso del bolo por la línea mandibular, las valleculas y el músculo cricofaríngeo, correlacionándolo con el tiempo inicial y el final de la activación de cada uno de los grupos musculares.Resultados. El tiempo promedio de la fase faríngea fue de 0,89 ± 0,12 s. En la mayoría de los casos, hubo activación muscular antes del paso por la línea mandibular y las valleculas. La terminación de la actividad muscular parece corresponder al momento en que se completa el paso del bolo alimenticio por el músculo cricofaríngeo.Conclusión. Se determinaron los tiempos de actividad muscular, la duración de la fase faríngea y la secuencia de la activación de los grupos musculares involucrados en la deglución, mediante electromiografía de superficie, validada con la videofluoroscopia.
A particle swarm optimization algorithm based on an improved deb criterion for constrained optimization problems
Authors: Sun Ying , Shi Wanyuan , Gao Yuelin
Published: December 2022

To solve the nonlinear constrained optimization problem, a particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the improved Deb criterion (CPSO) is proposed. Based on the Deb criterion, the algorithm retains the information of ‘excellent’ infeasible solutions. The algorithm uses this information to escape from the local best solution and quickly converge to the global best solution. Additionally, to further improve the global search ability of the algorithm, the DE strategy is used to optimize the personal best position of the particle, which speeds up the convergence speed of the algorithm. The performance of our method was tested on 24 benchmark problems from IEEE CEC2006 and three real-world constraint optimization problems from CEC2020. The simulation results show that the CPSO algorithm is effective.
DNA barcoding unveils a high diversity of caddisflies (Trichoptera) in the Mount Halimun Salak National Park (West Java; Indonesia)
Authors: Kilian Isabel C. , Espeland Marianne , Mey Wolfram , Wowor Daisy , Hadiaty Renny K. , von Rintelen Thomas , Herder Fabian
Published: December 2022

Background

Trichoptera are one of the most diverse groups of freshwater insects worldwide and one of the main bioindicators for freshwater quality. However, in many areas, caddisflies remain understudied due to lack of taxonomic expertise. Meanwhile, globally increasing anthropogenic stress on freshwater streams also threatens Trichoptera diversity.

Methods

To assess the Trichoptera diversity of the area within and around the Mount Halimun Salak National Park (MHSNP or Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak) in West Java (Indonesia), we conducted a molecular-morphological study on Trichoptera diversity using larvae from a benthic survey and adults from hand-netting. In addition to morphological identification, we applied four different molecular taxon delimitation approaches (Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent, Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery and Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning) based on DNA barcoding of Cytochrome-C-Oxidase I (COI).

Results

The molecular delimitation detected 72 to 81 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU). Only five OTUs could be identified to species level by comparing sequences against the BOLD database using BLAST, and four more to the genus level. Adults and larvae could be successfully associated in 18 cases across six families. The high diversity of Trichoptera in this area highlights their potential as bioindicators for water quality assessment.

Conclusions

This study provides an example of how molecular approaches can benefit the exploration of hidden diversity in unexplored areas and can be a valuable tool to link life stages. However, our study also highlights the need to improve DNA barcode reference libraries of Trichoptera for the Oriental region.
MioceneCupressinoxylonfrom Gökçeada (Imbros), Turkey withProtophytobiacambium mining and the study of ecological signals of wood anatomy
Authors: Mantzouka Dimitra , Akkemik Ünal , Güngör Yıldırım
Published: December 2022

Premise

The recognition of the Miocene Climate Optimum (MCO) in terrestrial palaeoenvironments of the Eastern Mediterranean is restricted to Lesbos and Lemnos Islands, Greece. This area is significant for its wood microfossils. A recently-discovered fossil wood assemblage from Gökçeada (Imbros) Island, Turkey, including tree species similar to the Greek findings, is thought to have an early Miocene age. Here, we revise the age of the latter plant fossiliferous locality, re-evaluate the area for the study of MCO for the terrestrial palaeoecosystems of the Eastern Mediterranean and the nomenclature errors referring to the occurrence of fossil wood. We present the plant–insect–environment interactions using detailed anatomical descriptions, of an extinct conifer and its extinct cambium miner feeding traces observed in its secondary xylem.

Methods

Three thin sections were prepared with standard palaeoxylotomical techniques from a small section of the silicified wood; the sections were observed under a light microscope. The anatomy of the conifer and its damage patterns were compared with those of extant and fossil Cupressaceae and Agromyzidae, respectively.

Pivotal results

The common anatomical features of the studied wood specimen andHesperocyparis macrocarpa(Hartw.) Bartel and a shared characteristic (the number of the cross-field pits – a feature we consider of diagnostic value) withXanthocyparis vietnamensisFarjon & T.H. Nguyên led to its assignment to theHesperocyparis–Xanthocyparis–Callitropsisclade. The detailed study of the wound scars and anatomical abnormalities, the anatomical–environmental associations, and structural–functional reactions follow the identification of the wood’s anatomysensuCarlquist providing decisive results.

Conclusions

Based on the distinctive characteristics presented, we identify our macrofossil asCupressinoxylon matromnenseGrambast, a stem or an extinct lineage of theHesperocyparis–Xanthocyparis vietnamensis–Callitropsis nootkatensisclade with feeding traces of the fossil cambium miner of the genusProtophytobiaSüss (Diptera: Agromyzidae), and anatomical damage and reaction tissue on adventitious shoots. The use of Protopinaceae andPinoxylonF. H. Knowlton from the eastern Mediterranean are re–evaluated and corrections are provided. The age of the studied plant fossiliferous locality in Gökçeada is revised as middle Miocene, allowing the proposal of an eastern Mediterranean MCO hotspot, including Lesbos, Lemnos, and Gökçeada (Imbros) Islands.
Wildlife overpass structure size, distribution, effectiveness, and adherence to expert design recommendations
Authors: Brennan Liam , Chow Emily , Lamb Clayton
Published: December 2022

It is now well evidenced that wildlife crossing structures paired with exclusion fencing reduce wildlife vehicles collisions while facilitating wildlife connectivity across roadways. Managing animal mortality and subpopulation connectivity is crucial to successful species and landscape stewardship. Highway mitigation projects are large economic investments that remain on the landscape for many decades. Governments and planning agents thus strive to balance cost and benefit to build cost-effective structures with the greatest positive impact on local wildlife and motorists. Ideal dimensions of overpasses and underpasses vary by species, but scientists generally suggest that overpasses for large mammals should be approximately 50 m wide. Optimal width also depends on structure length, with longer structures requiring additional width. Accordingly, experts have suggested a width to length ratio of 0.8. We sought to assess how these recommendations manifested in practice—where agencies use this information to design and build structures while also balancing cost and logistical challenges—and the degree to which built structures conform to current recommendations. We identified 120 wildlife overpasses across the world that were constructed to reduce the negative impacts of roads. Using a novel measurement technique, we analyzed the dimensions of these 120 overpasses located in North America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania. The average width of the wildlife overpasses was 34 m. Most wildlife overpasses located in North America and Europe did not meet their respective dimensional expert guidelines. We investigate reasons explaining the non-compliance and provide recommendations for future overpass designs. Building on previous evidence showing that wider overpasses have increased crossing rates, we examined crossing rates for multiple large mammal species across 12 overpasses located in western North America. We qualitatively observed that wider North American overpasses (40–60 m), in or near compliance with expert guidelines, were associated with a more diverse set of species use and had nearly twice the average crossing rates when compared to non-compliant, narrow North American overpasses. In reviewing various studies from around the world, we conclude that wide overpasses (~50 m) continue to present ecologically sound and cost-effective solutions for decreasing the barrier of roadways, especially when targeting width-sensitive species and large assemblages of mammals. Future studies, however, are encouraged to further explore the specific instances when underpasses and narrower overpasses present more cost-effective ecological solutions, or how these structures can complement wide overpasses in successful wildlife crossing systems.
Quantifying the impacts of symbiotic interactions between two invasive species: the tawny crazy ant (Nylanderia fulva) tending the sorghum aphid (Melanaphis sorghi)
Authors: Holt Jocelyn R. , Malacrinò Antonino , Medina Raul F.
Published: December 2022

The establishment of new symbiotic interactions between introduced species may facilitate invasion success. For instance, tawny crazy ant (Nylanderia fulva Mayr) is known to be an opportunistic tender of honeydew producing insects and this ants’ symbiotic interactions have exacerbated agricultural damage in some invaded regions of the world. The invasive sorghum aphid (Melanaphis sorghi Theobald) was first reported as a pest in the continental United States–in Texas and Louisiana–as recent as 2013, and tawny crazy ant (TCA) was reported in Texas in the early 2000s. Although these introductions are relatively recent, TCA workers tend sorghum aphids in field and greenhouse settings. This study quantified the tending duration of TCA workers to sorghum aphids and the impact of TCA tending on aphid biomass. For this study aphids were collected from three different host plant species (i.e., sugarcane, Johnson grass, and sorghum) and clone colonies were established. Sorghum is the main economic crop in which these aphids occur, hence we focused our study on the potential impacts of interactions on sorghum. Quantification of invasive ant-aphid interactions, on either stems or leaves of sorghum plants, were conducted in greenhouse conditions. Our results show that although these two invasive insect species do not have a long coevolutionary history, TCA developed a tending interaction with sorghum aphid, and aphids were observed excreting honeydew after being antennated by TCA workers. Interestingly, this relatively recent symbiotic interaction significantly increased overall aphid biomass for aphids that were positioned on stems and collected from Johnson grass. It is recommended to continue monitoring the interaction between TCA and sorghum aphid in field conditions due to its potential to increase aphid populations and sorghum plant damage.
Истинное лицо А.В. Суворова, "Природа"
Authors: Веселовская Е.В. , Галеев Р.М. , Калашникова О.В. , Колесова А.С.
Published: December 2022

Кто не знает А.В.Суворова — знаменитого полководца, который не потерпел ни одного поражения! Но до сих пор есть сомнения в правильности передачи его внешности художниками. Создано великое множество портретов, но лишь немногие из них были выполнены при жизни полководца. Известно, что Суворов весьма критично относился к своей внешности и отказывался позировать художникам. Иконографические исследования портретов генералиссимуса свидетельствуют о том, что растиражированный облик вряд ли похож на реальный. Сохранилась также посмертная маска Александра Васильевича, и многие художники использовали ее при работе над портретом. Но на таких изображениях различимы посмертные изменения лица, которые не были исправлены: очень широкий рот, размытые и оттянутые в стороны носогубные складки, глубоко запавшие глаза и др. В лаборатории антропологической реконструкции Центра физической антропологии Института этнологии и антропологии имени Н.Н.Миклухо-Маклая РАН специалисты по морфологии лица и черепа при содействии художника провели кропотливую научную работу по коррекции посмертных изменений, отразившихся на маске, что позволило восстановить истинный облик Суворова.
Черные земли Калмыкии: пустыня возвращается?, "Природа"
Authors: Суркова Е.Н. , Кулик А.A. , Кузнецова Е.В. , Базыкина С.Г. , Савинецкая Л.Е. , Чабовский А.В.
Published: December 2022

Естественные пастбища засушливых регионов наиболее подвержены процессам деградации, связанным, не в последнюю очередь, с сельскохозяйственной деятельностью человека. Так, перевыпас скота и смена практики природопользования в середине прошлого века привели к тому, что в 1980-х годах на юге Черных земель Калмыкии сформировалась единственная в мире антропогенная пустыня. Однако в 1990-е годы из-за значительных экономических преобразований в нашей стране и сокращения пастбищной нагрузки растительность начала восстанавливаться. Уже к середине — концу 2000-х годов здесь сформировалась вторичная антропогенная высокотравная степь с доминированием ковылей и житняка, второстепенным участием псаммофитов и незначительной долей сорно-пасквальных видов. С тех пор на пастбищах снова произошли кардинальные изменения. Засушливые годы в сочетании с высокой пастбищной нагрузкой способствовали распространению незакрепленных песков. Высота растительности и особенно проективное покрытие, которые росли в период остепнения, резко снизились. На изменения растительного сообщества (пусть и с некоторой задержкой) отреагировало и сообщество грызунов. Начавшийся пять лет назад процесс вытеснения дерновинных злаков пустынной растительностью в результате деградации пастбищ дает преимущество типичным представителям пустынной фауны, таким как полуденная песчанка — один из основных носителей чумы в природных очагах. Резкий рост заселенности покинутых ранее территорий в 2021–2022 гг. может быть предвестником скачкообразного перехода популяции полуденной песчанки в состояние высокой численности. Если наше предположение о взрывном росте численности и распространения песчанки на западе ее ареала окажется верным, то можно ожидать возобновление активности природного очага чумы в Калмыкии.
Ферроиндиалит и его уникальная симметрия: структура минералов группы берилла, "Природа"
Authors: Расцветаева Р.К.
Published: December 2022

Методом монокристального рентгеноструктурного анализа изучен минерал группы кордиерита, найденный на месторождении Беллерберг (Айфель, Германия). Особенность его химического состава — повышенное содержание Fe по сравнению с Mg. Параметры гексагональной ячейки: a = 9.8759(3) , с = 9.3102(3) , V = 786.40(3) . Структура решена в рамках пространственной группы P622 и уточнена до R-фактора 5.9% по 860 отражениям с|F| > 3 (F). Кристаллохимическая формула (Z = 1): K[Fe][(MgFe]Al[AlSi][SiAl]O, где квадратными скобками выделены составы октаэдров и тетраэдров. Минерал представляет собой Fe-аналог индиалита с высокоупорядоченной структурой, пониженной симметрией и впервые установленной в природных соединениях пространственной группой Р622.
Сколько нужно месторождений полезных ископаемых для производства одного мобильного телефона?, "Природа"
Authors: Богуславский М.А. , Словогородский С.А.
Published: December 2022

Вы когда-нибудь задумывались о том, из чего состоит ваш телефон Сколько разных химических элементов для этого нужно Сколько работающих месторождений полезных ископаемых необходимо для того, чтобы, собрав все воедино, сделать эффективно работающее устройство Мы попробовали ответить на эти вопросы, взяв в качестве образца популярную модель мобильного телефона iPhone 6. На его примере рассмотрено, что нужно для изготовления подобного телефона и его хорошей работы, а также мы попытались оценить количество месторождений полезных ископаемых для этой цели.
Удивительные циклиды — свидетели Великого пермского вымирания. Часть I, "Природа"
Authors: Мычко Э.В.
Published: December 2022

Циклиды — вымершая группа ракообразных, ископаемые остатки которых очень редки в геологической летописи. Циклиды полны загадок: до сих пор невозможно найти им точное место в системе членистоногих; неизвестно, кто мог быть их предком и почему они исчезли. Описано лишь 54 вида этих древних животных — «капля в море» видового разнообразия членистоногих. Долгое время циклиды мало интересовали палеонтологов. Сегодня же накопилось достаточно материала, чтобы его обобщить, провести таксономическую ревизию и сделать осторожные предположения об их происхождении и эволюции.
ВУЛКАНЫ И КОСМОС, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Гирина О.А. , Лупян Е.А. , Сорокин А.А. , Крамарева Л.С.
Published: December 2022

Вулканы – грандиозные создания Природы, никогда не оставляющие равнодушным человечество. Они существуют на всех планетах Солнечной системы. Возможно, именно благодаря вулканам появилась жизнь на планете Земля. Для одних вулканы – страх и ужас, для других – бесконечный восторг... Изучению вулканов на планете Земля наземными и космическими методами и необходимости ведения таких исследований посвящена эта статья.
СЕКЦИЯ АСТРОФИЗИКИ И ГЕОФИЗИКИ В ЛЕТНЕЙ КОСМИЧЕСКОЙ ШКОЛЕ, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Ломакин А.А.
Published: December 2022

Программа секции астрофизики на Летней Космической Школе является одной из самых сложных с точки зрения проектирования. Нужно обязательно быть достоверным и при этом не отходить от сценария школы – ведь должно быть что-то фантастическое, что в реальности пока невозможно. В 2021 г. участники школы прилетали на космолете к планетной системе около другой звезды и должны были выяснить, какую из планет пытались терраформировать колонисты и что с ними случилось. Для этого они должны были иметь базовые знания об экзопланетах, астрофизике, планетологии и климате планет, а также использовать простые, но при этом реалистичные методы. На все это у нас было пять дней, в каждый из которых были и лекции, и практические занятия.
ЦИФРОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ СКЛАДСКОЙ ЛОГИСТИКЕ, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Тиверовский В.И.
Published: December 2022

Взарубежной логистике к настоящему времени накоплен значительный опыт цифровизации, автоматизации и роботизации складов и других объектов логистики. С учётом этого опыта и действующих общих тенденций развития производства, внутреннего транспорта и логистики зарубежные эксперты представляют склад будущего как цифровизованный и автоматизированный склад, в котором машины и роботы выполняют все основные транспортно-складские, особенно трудоемкие, работы. Искусственный интеллект (KI) и большие данные (Big Data) обеспечивают автономность и эффективность работы склада с минимальными запасами грузов на основе использования оптимальных алгоритмов управления. Общая ситуация на складе и запасы грузов по номенклатуре контролируются летательными беспилотными аппаратами (дронами), которые в реальном времени передают всю информацию в автоматизированную систему управления.
ЖИВАЯ ПЛАНЕТА, БИОСФЕРНАЯ ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИЯ, БИОСФЕРНЫЕ ТЕРРИТОРИИ ПРОЖИВАНИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕКА, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Горохов Ю.И.
Published: December 2022

Темами исследования предлагаемой концепции являются экология, восстановление климата и природы планеты, переход на новую цивилизацию, на новые уровни развития, на новое понимание жизни Человека на Земле. В этой статье дано обзорное понимание концепции.
ПАПИЛЛЯРНЫЕ ЛИНИИ (индивидуальный рисунок на ладонях), "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Гарматюк В.
Published: December 2022

Как окружающая энергетическая среда влияет на человека Причина образования папиллярных линий (волн) и индивидуальности рисунка у человека, а по аналогии с этим и у животных с высокоразвитой нервной системой – по общему для всех на Земле закону природы.
ОСНОВНЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ, "Наука юга России"
Authors: Ахтаева С.М.-Х. , Амирханова И.В.
Published: December 2022

Приведены результаты сравнительной оценки основных показателей биологической активности почв Северо-Западного Прикаспия разной степени засоления на основе анализа скорости разложения растительной органики и целлюлозы, потребления кислорода в верхнем гумусовом горизонте, а также анализа общего количества микроорганизмов и численности бактерий рода Azotobacter. В качестве опытных были выбраны четыре участка на территории Присулакской равнины Дагестана с разной степенью засоления почв, географически близко расположенных друг к другу и схожих по содержанию органики и значениям общей влагоемкости. Интенсивность деструкции фитоорганики и целлюлозы в естественных условиях в вегетационный и поствегетационный периоды была обратно пропорциональна степени засоления: максимальные значения этого показателя отмечены в почве слабозасоленного участка, а самые низкие темпы деструкции – в почвах сильнозасоленных участков. Интенсивность разложения растительной органики и целлюлозы в почвах в естественных условиях является показателем их актуальной биологической активности. Показатели потенциальной биологической активности, которые определялись в искусственно созданных оптимальных условиях, такие как респирометрия почв и количественный учет микроорганизмов, имеют аналогичную закономерность распределения по градиенту засоления. Невысокие значения солености не влияли отрицательно на жизнедеятельность и общую биомассу почвенных микроорганизмов, и потенциал биологической активности слабо- и среднезасоленных почв был довольно высок. Сильная и очень сильная степени засоления были угнетающими для потенциала биологической активности почв как по показателю дыхания, так и по численности микроорганизмов в них.