bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1060-nm single-mode transverse coupled cavity VCSEL with intra-cavity surface relief for 58-Gbps modulation and 5-km single-mode fiber transmission
Authors: Hu Shanting , Gu Xiaodong , Ibrahim Hameeda R. , Nakahama Masanori , Shinada Satoshi , Koyama Fumio
Published: June 2022

In this Letter, we report a 1060-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with intra-cavity surface relief engineering that provides transverse-resonance in transverse-coupled cavities, enabling single-mode operation and bandwidth enhancement at the same time. A single-mode power of over 2.5 mW and 3-dB modulation bandwidth enhancement from 15 to 23 GHz was demonstrated with an oxide aperture diameter as large as 6 μm. We obtained non-return-to-zero signals of up to 58 Gbps with eye-opening through a 5-km long standard single-mode fiber (G652). The 3-dB modulation bandwidth is enhanced by the negative dispersion of the fiber and pre-equalization via calibration of the end-to-end channel response. Our device shows great potential for its use in high-speed and compact optical transmitters in the next-generation hyper-scale datacenters and 6G network.
Precise laser-cutting of single silver nanowires for direct measurement of SPPs propagation losses
Authors: Ćwierzona M. , Sulowska K. , Antoniak M. A. , Żebrowski M. , Nyk M. , Maćkowski S. , Piątkowski D.
Published: June 2022

This work presents an alternative experimental approach to directly measure propagation losses of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in a single silver nanowire (AgNW). The methodology synergistically combines several techniques, including single nanowire optical shaping, accurate triggering of SPPs by upconversion nanocrystals (NCs), and precise deposition of sub-micrometer-size droplets with emitters. Indeed, a femtoliter volume of colloidal NCs deposited at one end of the nanowire and excited with a laser through an objective provides a stable source of polaritons, which propagate in the nanowire. The intensity of radiation released by the SPPs scattered out at the opposite AgNW end is a direct measure of propagation losses. This is enabled through a method of precise laser cutting of the nanowire, where the length of the nanowire can be gradually reduced by an optically controlled melting process. At the same time, both the length and diameter of the nanowire are constantly monitored using optical imaging of the complex interaction between the nanowire and polarized Gaussian beam. The optical cutting technique, implemented in this experiment, shows great potential for advanced and inexpensive shaping of the metallic nanostructures for nanophotonic applications.
Reduced material loss in thin-film lithium niobate waveguides
Authors: Shams-Ansari Amirhassan , Huang Guanhao , He Lingyan , Li Zihan , Holzgrafe Jeffrey , Jankowski Marc , Churaev Mikhail , Kharel Prashanta , Cheng Rebecca , Zhu Di , Sinclair Neil , Desiatov Boris , Zhang Mian , Kippenberg Tobias J. , Lončar Marko
Published: June 2022

Thin-film lithium niobate has shown promise for scalable applications ranging from single-photon sources to high-bandwidth data communication systems. Realization of the next generation high-performance classical and quantum devices, however, requires much lower optical losses than the current state of the art resonator (Q-factor of ∼10 million). Yet the material limitations of ion-sliced thin film lithium niobate have not been explored; therefore, it is unclear how high the quality factor can be achieved in this platform. Here, using our newly developed characterization method, we find out that the material limited quality factor of thin film lithium niobate photonic platform can be improved using post-fabrication annealing and can be as high as Q ≈ 1.6 × 108 at telecommunication wavelengths, corresponding to a propagation loss of 0.2  dB/m.
Growth of vanadium doped semi-insulating 4H-SiC epilayer with ultrahigh-resistivity
Authors: Kojima Kazutoshi , Sato Shin-ichiro , Ohshima Takeshi , Kuroki Shin-Ichiro
Published: June 2022

4H-SiC epitaxial layers with ultrahigh resistivity of over 1010 Ω cm were successfully grown by using a hot wall chemical vapor deposition system with vanadium doping. The resistivity of the vanadium doped epilayer was found to be strongly dependent on the types of dopant impurities. The resistivity of n-type-based vanadium doped semi-insulating 4H-SiC epilayers showed stronger dependence on vanadium incorporation than that of p-type-based epilayers. This means that the carrier trap characteristics of vanadium atoms may differ with respect to electrons and holes. As the result, an ultrahigh resistivity of over 1010 Ω cm was realized on an n-type-based 4H-SiC epilayer with vanadium doping.
Abundance, distribution and behaviour of humpback whales (
Authors: De Weerdt Joëlle , Calambokidis John , Pouplard Etienne , Pouey-Santalou Victoria , Patulny Carla , Vanschoenwinkel Bram , Kochzius Marc , Clapham Phillip
Published: June 2022

Context Previous research has shown the presence of an endangered humpback whale population breeding off the Pacific coast of Central America. However, little is known about the density, size, social-group structure and spatial habitat use of this subpopulation. Aim The study goal was to characterise a potential breeding subpopulation of humpback whales in the waters off Nicaragua. Five objectives were used to achieve this goal: (1) estimate abundance, (2) determine encounter rates, (3) define group composition, (4) assess distribution, and (5) document habitat-use patterns. Method Boat-based surveys were conducted between November and April at two study sites along the Pacific coast of Nicaragua in the winters of 2004–2008 and 2016–2020. Key result Inter-annual mark–recapture estimates did not yield a reliable estimate of abundance. Encounter rates were lower for the northern study site than for the southern site. Group composition consisted of groups with calves, singers and competitive males. Conclusion These results confirmed that Nicaragua is a breeding area based on known breeding-ground behaviours observed in other areas, and similar environmental characteristics. Implication Distinct habitats were found at the two study sites, suggesting that Central American humpback whales might use different areas within the broader Central American breeding range according to their needs and activity.
HF, DF, TF: approximating potential curves, calculating rovibrational states
Authors: Angeles-Gantes Laura E , Olivares-Pilón Horacio
Published: June 2022

A simple analytical expression for the potential energy curve for the ground state X
1Σ+ of the hydrogen fluoride molecule HF obtained in the framework of the Born–Oppenheimer approximation is proposed. This analytical expression for the potential energy curve is based in the two point Padé approximation, which correctly reproduces the asymptotic behavior at small R → 0 and large R → ∞ internuclear distances, and position and depth of potential well, leading to the accuracy of 4–5 decimal digits when compared with experimental data. The rovibrational spectra of the diatomic molecule HF is calculated by solving the Schrödinger equation for nuclear motion using the Lagrange-mesh method. The ground state X
1Σ+ contains 21 vibrational states (ν, 0) and 724 rovibrational states (ν, L) with maximal angular momentum equal to 55. The change of reduced mass in the Schrödinger equation for nuclear motion allows us to obtain the rovibrational spectrum of the ground state potential curve of the deuterium fluoride DF (contains 29 vibrational states (ν, 0) and 1377 rovibrational states (ν, L)) and tritium fluoride TF (contains 35 vibrational states (ν, 0) and 1967 rovibrational states (ν, L)) with maximal angular momenta 76 and 92, respectively. Entire rovibrational spectra is presented for the HF molecule and its two isotopologues DF and TF.
Two-dimensional CSiO and CGeO: direct-band-gap semiconductors with normal/anomalous auxeticity for solar cells and alkali-metal-ion batteries
Authors: Zhu Yu-Jie , Jiang Tao , Ye Xiao-Juan , Liu Chun-Sheng
Published: June 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) materials provide tremendous opportunities for next-generation energy storage technologies. We theoretically propose 2D group-IV oxides (α-, β-, and γ-CXO, X = Si/Ge). Among them, α-CXO monolayers, composed of the C-O-X skeleton of silyl (germyl) methyl ether molecules, are the most stable phase. α-CXO possess robust dynamical, mechanical, and thermal stabilities. Remarkably, α-CGeO has an unusual negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR). However, α-CSiO displays a bidirectional half-auxeticity, different from all the already known NPR behaviors. The intrinsic moderate direct-band-gap, high carrier mobility, and superior optical absorption of α-CXO make them attractive for optoelectronics applications. A series of α-CXO-based excitonic solar cells can achieve high power conversion efficiencies. Besides, α-CXO monolayers are promising anode materials for sodium- and potassium-ion batteries, exhibiting not only the high specific capacity (532–1433 mA h g−1) but also low diffusion barrier and open-circuit voltage. In particular, the specific capacity of K on α-CSiO exhibits one of the highest values ever recorded in 2D materials. The multifunctionality renders α-CXO promising candidates for nanomechanics, nanoelectronics, and nano-optics.
Pressure-induced electronic phase transition and superconductivity in spin-ladder compounds BaFe2(S1−x
Se
x
)3
Authors: Fan Y J , Liu J Y , Feng J J , Chen Z C , Wang M H , He Z , Guo H T , Qian B , Shi Z X , Zhou W
Published: June 2022

The discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in quasi-one-dimensional spin ladder compound BaFe2S3 has attracted great attention for facilitating study on the interplay among crystalline dimensionality, magnetism, and superconductivity. Here, we report a systematic study on the doping-dependent structure, susceptibility, and high-pressure properties of BaFe2(S1−x
Se
x
)3. The structural analysis manifests a structural transition within the doping level of 0.18 < x< 0.29. Accompanied with this structural transition, the magnetic susceptibility behaviors change substantially, in line with the antiferromagnetic structure change from the stripe-type to the block-type. Furthermore, obvious spin glassy behaviors are observed in the low-temperature region for x⩾ 0.29. High-pressure study has revealed an explicit superconductivity signal in the undoped BaFe2S3 with a pressure of about 12.6 GPa, while no bulk superconductivity is observed for the Se-doped samples. Analysis of the pressure-dependent resistance behavior indicates a pressure-induced electronic phase transition around 18 GPa for all Se-doped samples. Finally, we have discussed the possible origin for the pressure-induced superconductivity in BaFe2(S1−x
Se
x
)3.
Behaviour of Al2O3-oxide insulated and non-insulated superconducting MgB2 coils cooled by water ice
Authors: Kováč P , Búran M , Kopera L
Published: June 2022

Wind-and-react coils made using non-insulated and/or Al2O3 oxide-insulated internal magnesium diffusion-processed MgB2 wires were energized at low temperatures with the help of sub-cooled water ice. The results demonstrate thermally stable winding behaviour and current densities (>104 A cm−2 for T < 30.5–33 K) of oxide-insulated and metal-insulated MgB2 coils. The expansion caused by the water-to-ice transformation does not degrade the windings or the Al2O3 insulation. The thermometers and Hall probe are also undamaged over the full temperature range of 27–297 K. Consequently, water ice provides a cheap and safe prospective cooling mode for various superconducting windings and future He-free systems.
The Distribution of Radio Quiet Active Galactic Nuclei in the Star Formation Rate-stellar Mass Plane
Authors: Garofalo David , Mountrichas George
Published: June 2022

That active galactic nuclei (AGN) with jets can alternately enhance as well as suppress star formation rates, explains the location and slope of radio loud AGN on the star formation rate—stellar mass plane. Here, we explore 860 type 1 and 2 AGN at z < 0.2 from the ROSAT-2RXS survey in order to understand both different location and lower slopes for non-jetted AGN in the star formation rate—stellar mass plane. We describe the nature of these differences in terms of different degrees of black hole feedback, with relatively weak negative feedback from non-jetted AGN compared to both relatively strong positive and negative feedback from jetted AGN. The validity of these ideas brings us a step closer towards understanding the black hole scaling relations across space and time.
Holographic Schwinger effect in a rotating strongly coupled medium
Authors: Cai Yi-Ze , Jing Rui-Ping , Zhang Zi-Qiang
Published: June 2022

We perform a potential analysis on the holographic Schwinger effect in a rotating deformed AdS black-hole background. We calculate the total potential of a quark-antiquark (

) pair in an external electric field and evaluate the critical electric field from Dirac-Born-Infeld action. It is shown that the inclusion of angular velocity decreases the potential barrier, thus enhancing the Schwinger effect, which contrasts with the effect of the confining scale. Moreover, increasing the angular velocity decreases the critical electric field, above which these pairs are produced freely without suppression. Furthermore, we conclude that

pair production would be easier in a rotating medium.
A Baseline Correction Algorithm for FAST
Authors: Liu De-Jian , Xu Ye , Li Ying-Jie , Lin Ze-Hao , Bian Shuai-Bo , Hao Chao-Jie
Published: June 2022

The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) is the most sensitive ground-based, single-dish radio telescope on Earth. However, the original H i spectra produced by FAST are affected by standing waves. To maximize the power of FAST for high-sensitivity observations, we proposed an algorithm that combines fast Fourier transforms and extreme envelope curves to automatically correct the baselines of FAST H i spectra and remove standing waves from the baselines. This algorithm can reduce the amplified noise level caused by standing waves to a near-ideal level without losing signals or introducing false signals. The root mean square of the average baseline reaches ∼8 mK, approaching the theoretical sensitivity of an H i spectrum produced by FAST for an integration time of 335 minutes, i.e., ∼6 mK.
Riverbed processes in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya river in conditions of anthropogenic impact on the river flow
Authors: Baymanov K I , Uzakov T J , Baimanov R K , Tajibaev Sh
Published: June 2022

The interaction of the river flow with bottom riverine forms is considered under the significant influence of anthropogenic factors leading to changes in the water regime, the riverbed process and the ecology of watercourses. The section under consideration in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya River, taking into account the nature of the influence of both hydroelectric units, is divided into three parts: the upper section – from the Tuyamuyun hydroelectric unit to the Kipchak gorge; the middle section – from the Kipchak gorge to the Takhiatash hydroelectric unit; the lower section – from the Nietbaytas hydropost to the Kyzyljar hydropost (the delta part of the Amu Darya River). The regularities of the negative impact of anthropogenic factors on the hydraulic regime and the course of riverbed processes have been studied at these sites. The scale of the impact of anthropogenic factors significantly altering the course of the riverbed process has been determined and a generalized indicator characterizing the complex of various anthropogenic loads has been developed. It shows the change in water and riverbed regimes under the influence of hydraulic engineering measures in recent years in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya River, which are still observed in the case of wandering of the stream and the occurrence of peculiar currents, as well as deigish, where the banks are not protected by structures. In places where damless water intakes are located in channels, due to the large width of the river, planned instability occurs, which complicates water supply. According to the results of the analysis of the mechanism of these phenomena, appropriate measures have been developed to improve water intakes.
Evaluation of potato hybrids for the Arctic zone of Russia by the ranking method
Authors: Tulinov A G , Lobanov A Y
Published: June 2022

In the Republic of Komi (Russia), potatoes are the most common vegetable crop, widely cultivated by both agricultural enterprises and the population in the private sector. Selection of varieties that meet such criteria as high yield, adaptability to soil and climatic conditions, high stability (the ability to produce an equivalent yield both under favorable and unfavorable environmental conditions), as well as resistance to the main phytopathogens that affect the tops and tubers (late blight, rhizoctoniosis, alternariosis, common scab, etc.) in the field is an important factor in ensuring Russia’s food security in the Arctic zone. To select the most promising hybrids that passed through negative traits in the first phases of breeding, it is preferable to use ranking methods according to various parameters, such as ecological plasticity, stability, multiplicity coefficient, homeostaticity, etc. This will allow a more objective and complete assessment of the potential of potato genomes for creating new varieties adapted to the Arctic zone of Russia. The studies were carried out in breeding nurseries on the basis of the Institute of Agrobiotechnologies of the Federal Research Center of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia, Syktyvkar) from 2018 to 2020. The following promising samples of potatoes were studied, the hybridization of which was carried out at the Federal Research Center for Potatoes named after A. G. Lorkh (Russia, urban settlement Korenevo): 1992-14 (Luck x Elmundo), 2000-60 (Colette x FZ 1867), 2118-57 (2688-8 x Gala), 2139-5 (Courage x Aurora), 2142-1 (Dina x Kholmogorsky); the standards were zoned varieties of two groups of maturity: Udacha - early, early ripe, Nevsky - medium early. Based on the results of studies of promising potato hybrids for further selection in the conditions of the Komi Republic, the following hybrids were recommended by the sum of ranks and assessment of field resistance to phytopathogens: 1992-14, 2000-60 and 2139-5.
About the longitudinal slopes of flat rivers
Authors: Baymanov K I , Toreev A L , Baimanov R K
Published: June 2022

The article discusses the methods of determining the longitudinal slopes of rivers, their advantages and disadvantages are noted. Various methods of determining the longitudinal slopes of rivers are analyzed. It is revealed that the weighted average slope adopted by the hydrometeorological service, determined by the graphoanalytic method, does not fully reflect the essence of the influence of slopes on the speed of water movement. It is noted that it is expedient to use the differential equation of uneven motion to determine the slopes of the water surface in the lower reaches of lowland rivers. The criterion ratio of slopes characterizing the stability of the riverbed in the longitudinal direction is revealed. The hydraulics-morphological method of determining the level and longitudinal slope of the free flow surface, as well as quantitative criteria for the movement of river flows, has been continued.
Population organization of rare species of the genus Jurinea as an indicator of conservation of steppe ecosystems of the Volga Region (Russian Federation)
Authors: Ilyina V N , Zenkina T E , Mitroshenkova A E , Kozlovskaya O V , Sagalaev V A
Published: June 2022

The article presents the results of the study of the population structure of rare species of the genus Jurinea (Jurinea polyclonos (L.) DC. s. l. (incl. Ju. tenuiloba Bunge), J. ewersmannii Bunge, J. ledebourii Bunge and J. multiflora (L.) B. Fedtsch.) in the steppe Volga region (European part of the Russian Federation). The species is characterized by rarity and its population characteristics change under the influence of anthropogenic factors. The works were carried out in 2000-2021 using population-ontogenetic methods. The species has insufficient potential for self-regeneration of their natural populations. Demographic indices (Replacement index, Recovery index, Aging index) are low. Ontogenetic spectra of populations are similar in their parameters, the predominant group of individuals are mature generative. Anthropogenic pressure leads to a decrease in the number of individuals, their density, low reproductive activity, and gradual aging of populations.
The biological control of pests in sowings of spring rapeseed Brassica napus L.
Authors: Semerenko S A , Bushneva N A
Published: June 2022

The efficiency of biological insecticides against Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze, 1777) and Meligethes aeneus (Fabricius, 1775) in sowings of spring rapeseed Brassica napus L. was studied. The researches were conducted in V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (Krasnodar, Russia) in 2017–2019. The results showed the prevalence of Ph. cruciferae on seedlings of Brassica napus L. was equal to 8.0 beetles/plant in 2017, in 2018 – 6.0 beetles/plant, in 2019 reached 9.0 beetles/plant. Mass colonization of plants with beetles of M. aeneus Fab. occurred in a phase of rapeseed bud formation, and in 2017 it reached 8.0 beetles/plant, in 2018 – 6.0 beetles/plant, in 2019 – 9.0 beetles/plant. The insecticide Biostat, EC demonstrated the highest biological efficiency against both pests: 87.0 and 89.0%, respectively, saved yield was 0.31–0.30 t/ha. In a production trial, Biostat, EC appeared to be the best, with the efficiency of 85 and 88.9%, which allowed receiving the reliably high yield – 1.71 t/ha.
Optimal timing for harvesting rapeseed for biofuel
Authors: Vlasenkov A N , Perekopskiy A N , Dementiev A M
Published: June 2022

The scientific article discusses the issues of increasing the efficiency of harvesting in the cultivation of rapeseed for biofuel, by determining the optimal timing of seed harvesting, depending on their ripeness, climatic characteristics of the region, variety, and predecessor. The studies presented in the article provide information on how to calculate the period of full ripeness (the ripeness of seeds located in the upper tier of the plant), and an empirical dependence was obtained to determine the loss of seeds from the moment of full ripeness to the day when harvesting is done. Previous studies have provided data on the loss of rapeseed seeds during early harvesting. The data obtained showed that the optimal period for harvesting rapeseed for biofuel is 1-3 days, after the onset of the full ripeness phase.
Study of the strength characteristics of a section of an endless thick-walled pipe in the calculation of equipment for lifting water
Authors: Borisova V L , Sazonova E A , Kurskaya Yu A , Vernigor A V , Fomchenkova G A
Published: June 2022

The article considers a model of a thick-walled pipe for use in wells when pumping water from deep wells. First, the calculation is carried out for the strength of the pipe body, far from its ends, for certain types of loads - volumetric compression, longitudinal force and torque, then for their combined action.
Selection of variety and length of grape rootstock when growing grafted seedlings
Authors: Titova L A , Avdeenko I A
Published: June 2022

The industrial culture of grapes necessitates the formation of highly productive plantations. The grafted culture of grapes, in comparison with the own-rooted one, solves a number of problems of industrial viticulture. However, the increased costs for the production of grafted seedlings in comparison with own-rooted ones necessitate a reduction in the cost of their production, which can be achieved by reducing the length of the underground stem, and obtaining the greatest amount of yield can be achieved by choosing the right rootstock variety. An analysis of current research showed a lack of knowledge of this issue, which served as the basis for setting up research that was carried out from 2019 to 2020 in the fields ARRIV&W named Ya.I. Potapenko (branch of FRARC). The aim of the research was the selection, for grafted seedlings of the Prestige grape variety, of the optimal length and variety of the rootstock, with an assessment of the impact on biometric indicators. The rootstock variety had the greatest influence on the quality of seedlings. In the variant with the rootstock variety Kober 5 BB, the final yield of seedlings was low and varied from 8.1 to 37.2%. A significant increase in the yield of seedlings was observed when using the rootstock variety Riparia Rupestris 101-1, which varied from 30 to 48%, which is 1.3-3.7 times more than when using the rootstock Kober 5 BB. In addition to significant differences in the options when choosing a rootstock variety, according to the results of the research, there was a tendency to increase the final yield of seedlings with a decrease in the length of the rootstock from 45 cm (standard length of the rootstock) to 30 cm for both varieties.
Elements of container technology for growing blackberry varieties Ouachita
Authors: Ladyzhenskaya O V , Aniskina T S , Kryuchkova V A
Published: June 2022

The demand for blackberry (Rubus Eubatus Focke), as for berry crop, is constantly growing. The studies’ aim was to define an optimal type of a pot and an optimal nutrition for growing blackberry seedlings. The objects of the research were the blackberry variety ‘Ouachita’, Air Pot and the classic C10 plastic pot, Osmocote® Exact High K and OMU organomineral fertilizer for fruit and berry crops. The experiment took place in the “Love Berry” nursery situated in the Dmitrovsky district (Moscow region, Russia) in 2021 in five repetitions. It was discovered that the root system volume of the plant material and the length of its shoots has a low variation in different variants - up to 10%. The variation of shoots number is high and ranges from 25 to 40%. Root volume variability depends for 92% on the chosen fertilizers, with the highest values (900-1000 ml) achieved with Osmocote and 400-600 ml with OMU. As for the number of shoots, the variants of the research do not differ. The shoots length is affected as by a combination of factors (46%) so also pot’s (42%) and fertilizer’s (2%) types separately.
Development of algorithms for an information-measuring system for assessing changes in the physical variables of the environment based on physical and mathematical models of ecological systems
Authors: Panarin V M , Grishakov K V , Grishakova O V , Maslova A A , Arkhipov A V
Published: June 2022

The article deals with complex heterogeneous systems with distributed parameters and their mathematical part. Four algorithms for estimating parabolic and hyperbolic systems are considered. The developed algorithms will make it possible to carry out a fairly complete analysis in the temporal and spatial domains of measurement, and also serve as the basis for new models of information, measurement and control systems that make it possible to explore vast territories. These developments are necessary to assess the change in the physical variables of the environment, in particular, the most accurate prediction of the spread of pollution in temporal and spatial coordinates
Analysis of indicators of the ecological state of the environment in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Oznobikhina L A
Published: June 2022

Due to economic difficulties, less and less funds have been allocated for environmental protection recently. The economic activity of mankind over the last century, in fact, has led to the pollution of our planet with plastic bags with various waste products. The problem of environmental pollution is as complex as it is serious. The development of industry, urban agglomerations, an increase in the flow of vehicles and noise significantly affects the environment and, as a result, the health of the population.
The dynamics of forest ground fires in the Saratov region
Authors: Ivchenko O A , Tyutin A V , Kozachenko M A , Pankin K E
Published: June 2022

Forest fires are inevitable, as they have pyrological properties, which in turn are associated with weather conditions. Forest fire has a dynamics, i.e. the rate of its spreading under weather conditions and will continue until all available forest fuels are burn out or will extinguished. An important component of forecasting forest fire situations is the assessment of the dynamics of a forest fire, which makes it possible to assess the risk of its spread across the territory. The rate of spread of a forest fire is calculated from the ratio of the increment of area to time. Nevertheless, to obtain an accurate estimate, it is necessary to know the time of its occurrence, which is impossible in practical terms, since in case of careless handling of fire, they are usually not fixed for a while, and in case of deliberate arson, it is difficult to find and interrogate the arsonists. For solving this task, a mathematical model was created that makes it possible to calculate the average rate of development of a forest fire based on the rate of development of a fire (increase in the length of the edge of a forest fire over time) during its extinguishing, as well as the rate of extinguishing a fire. An assumption was made about the additive nature of the rate of increase in the length of the edge and the rate of quenching. Average rate of ground wild fire spread and the estimated time of its occurrence were calculated. The rate of spread of ground wild fire are compared with the data on the wind speed in the study area and the value of the complex indicator of fire danger. It was shown that forest fires spread only when the 3rd class of wild fire conditions is established according to weather, and the wind rate affects the dynamics of a ground wild fire only up to a 10 m s-1.
Evaluation of yield and parameters of ecological adaptability of breeding lines of winter soft wheat in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region
Authors: Zakharova N N , Zakharov N G
Published: June 2022

The article presents the results of a study of breeding lines of winter soft wheat in terms of yield and various parameters of ecological adaptability. It has been established that the high adaptive properties of winter soft wheat genotypes are not combined with high yields. Breeding lines of winter soft wheat with a compromise between yield and ecological adaptability have been identified. A comprehensive assessment of the yield and parameters of ecological adaptability of genotypes in the breeding process of winter soft wheat contributes to greater agroecological stability of the created varieties.
Digital solutions for the ecological aspect of the sustainability of agroecosystems
Authors: Ufimtseva M G , Kuznetsov S E
Published: June 2022

The article presents the results of the development of a cartographic basis for a specific agricultural landscape used for the production of vegetables and potatoes under irrigation. Studies allow us to say that the landscape features of the territory, namely the exposure of the slope, are clearly correlated with the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The slope of the agrolandscape is directed north to the Emurtla River and the values of agrochemical indicators are increased in the same direction. The cartographic basis obtained by us can be used for elements of precision farming, in particular for differentiated fertilization, and for the development of an adaptive-landscape farming system on the farm.
Energy-efficient resource-saving control system in gas production and gas transportation
Authors: Gulyaev S V , Pashchenko F F , Pashchenko A F , An B T , Hieu T D
Published: June 2022

An energy-efficient resource-saving intelligent control system for gas production and gas transportation processes is proposed. The system provides pressure stabilization in the general reservoir of a cluster of gas wells when the physical and technical parameters of gas production change within a wide range. An adaptive PID controller with a controlled frequency of the control signal significantly increases the resource of technical control tools. The system uses a volumetric-vane converter of gas flow energy into electricity. Such a converter ensures energy recovery when the gas pressure entering the area of the switching equipment decreases and when the transition from the main gas pipeline to gas consumers is reduced. This significantly increases the energy efficiency of gas production and transportation.
Well surveys with jet pumps after hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Verisokin A E , Shlein G A , Gunkina T A , Yu Verisokina A
Published: June 2022

Hydraulic fracturing (HF) is successfully used all over the world and allows to increase the efficiency of the well, as well as to put into operation wells with plugged bottomhole zone. Service companies every year pay more and more attention to hydraulic fracturing and the promotion of new solutions to further increase the efficiency of this technology, which contributes to its importance in the stimulation of production. The main advantage of hydraulic fracturing is to increase the drainage area of the reservoir, and especially when performing multi-stage hydraulic fracturing (MSHF). Violation of the induction stimulation technology after hydraulic fracturing can lead to proppant blowback not only at the development stage, but also at the well operation stage. One of the solutions to prevent such complications is the use of jet devices, which make it possible to fix the proppant in the fracture and reduce the well development period. The article investigates the results of hydrodynamic studies of wells with jet pumps. Various forms of indicator diagrams are given and their description is made. The method of calculation of reservoir parameters by pressure build-up has been studied. The results of data processing of hydrodynamic studies by a jet pump are presented.
Productivity of varieties of winter triticale with the use of nitrogen fertilizers in the flat irrigated zone of Dagestan
Authors: Ismailov A B , Sh Gimbatov A , Muslimov M G , Radzhabov A N , Mustafaeva Kh D
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the research is to study the responsiveness of winter triticale varieties to the use of nitrogen fertilizers, which makes it possible to identify the potential productivity of various varieties in the conditions of the flat irrigated zone of Dagestan. Some elements of the technology for growing new varieties of winter triticale have been studied on meadow-chestnut soil under irrigated conditions in the flat zone of Dagestan. A comprehensive assessment of the effect of nitrogen fertilizers on the stages of organogenesis, the formation of the main structural indicators and the yield of winter triticale varieties is given. The article presents the results of the effects of nitrogen fertilizers on the development and formation of the crop of new varieties of winter triticale. The reaction of varieties of winter triticale to fractional and single application of nitrogen nutrition was determined.
Natural plant raw materials in food design
Authors: Koryakina N A , Stepakova N N , Frolova N A , Shkabrak N V , Yu Sergeeva I
Published: June 2022

The article discusses the prospects of using wild berry and vegetable raw materials growing on the territory of the Far Eastern region, in order to increase diet biological value of the local population.
Using the results of environmental monitoring for economic calculations on the example of adjusting the cost of land plots using the indicative method
Authors: Nartov A S
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the work is to compare the ranges of the cadastral value of land plots with the environmental situation in these territories. The issue is considered on the example of the impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) on industrial-urbanized territories adjacent to two enterprises, one of which is located in Moscow (a waste incineration plant), the other in the Moscow region (a plant producing metal products, Podolsk). The assessment of the toxic impact of biologically available PAHs on these territories was carried out using a new indicative method developed by the author. A feature of this method is taking into account not only the concentration of pollutants in the objects under study, but also the physicochemical and toxicological properties of each compound. The results of the study, presented in cartographic form, were compared for the first time with maps of the cadastral value of land plots located in the studied territories. The comparison showed that the price of land plots in most cases is not proportional to the level of toxic effects of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, that is, the environmental component was not taken into account when forming their cost. However, the obvious connection between chemical pollution of territories and economic damage (including damage to the health of the population living in polluted territories) gives reason to propose a way to correct the cadastral value by dividing it by a correction factor that reflects the degree of contamination of the territory with compounds of the PAH group and represents the equivalent of the concentration of one of the most toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzo(a)pyrene, the impact of which on humans and the environment corresponds to a similar total impact of PAHs contained in the soil of a particular territory.
Power balance of all-wheel drive mobile power vehicle
Authors: Revenko V U , Ivanov A B , Petukhov D A
Published: June 2022

The article studies the components of the energy balance of an all-wheel drive self-propelled power vehicle, presents and analyzes the results of a practical determination of all the components of the energy balance within the field experiment.
The effectiveness of the use of leaf fertilizing in the cultivation of corn
Authors: Belik M A , Sviridova S A , Yurina T A
Published: June 2022

The influence of leaf fertilizing with the use of preparations of biological origin and fertilizers with trace elements in the cultivation of corn in conditions of unstable moisture has been studied. The economic efficiency indicators of various drug application schemes are given. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the use of preparations of biological origin and fertilizers with trace elements led to an increase in yield by 2.1 - 4.6 c / ha and affected the growth of profit by 2.9 - 7.5 thousand rubles/ha. The influence of leaf fertilizing with the use of preparations of biological origin and fertilizers with trace elements in the cultivation of corn in conditions of unstable moisture has been studied. The economic efficiency indicators of various drug application schemes are given. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the use of preparations of biological origin and fertilizers with trace elements led to an increase in yield by 2.1 - 4.6 c / ha and affected the growth of profit by 2.9 - 7.5 thousand rubles / ha.
The influence of environmental factors on the development of agricultural production
Authors: Suchkov D K , Aygumov T G , Rudnev S G , Yu Michurina N
Published: June 2022

Improving the environmental friendliness of agricultural production is a paramount task that needs to be addressed in the near future. As a result of production activities, an agricultural enterprise affects the environment and in most cases this impact is detrimental. Pollution of water and atmospheric basins, reduction of soil fertility is the result of inefficient production activities, the consequences of which will not be long in coming and will turn into a tragedy for the agricultural sector. The deterioration of the quality of soil, water and atmosphere will negatively affect future crops, and failure to comply with the requirements for land reclamation will lead to depletion of fertile soils. Therefore, taking into account the influence of environmental factors on the development of agricultural production is relevant and in demand.
Peculiarities of herbicide use on oil flax in different soil and climatic conditions of the Western Ciscaucasia
Authors: Bushnev A S , Orekhov G I , Luchkina T N
Published: June 2022

The article presents the research results on the effect of pre-emergence and foliar herbicide treatments on the oil flax productivity in soil and climatic conditions of unstable and insufficient moistening zones of the Western Ciscaucasia. The pre-emergence application of herbicides Frontier Optima, EC (1.2 l/ha) or Dual Gold, EC (1.6 l/ha) on leached chernozem in the zone of unstable moistening led to an increase in the oil flax yield which exceeds the control with the manual weeding by 0.09 t/ha. The additional foliar treatment of sowings with Tifi, WDG (0.025 kg/ha) decreased the crop yield by 0.29 and 0.23 t/ha, respectively. The highest increase in yield (0.07 t/ha) on leached chernozem in the zone of insufficient moistening was achieved with the pre-emergence application of herbicide Dual Gold, EC (1.6 l/ha).
Features of the use of seeds of various agricultural crops in the production of bakery products
Authors: Terentyev S E , Labutina N V , Romanova I N , Tryabas Y A , Sharipov F F , Dyakonova M A
Published: June 2022

As part of the study, the formulations of various types of bakery products, which are based on flax, sunflower, sesame and mustard seeds, are considered. In the study, the physico-chemical composition of the seeds was carried out and the main nutritional substances containing these types of seeds were identified, as well as the vitamin properties of each of the raw materials. In conclusion, the study concluded and proposed mechanisms for the development of the use of various crops in the production of bakery products.
Study of the operation of a centrifuge to obtain apiary wax from wax raw materials
Authors: Maksimov N M
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the issue of reducing the loss of beeswax during the processing of wax raw materials in the apiary. To do this, the author proposes the use of a complex of installations, including a wood-fueled steam generator, a frame wax melter and a centrifuge for squeezing wax from the waste of wax melting. The article examines the technological parameters of the centrifuge and describes its design. The results of a multifactorial study of the operating parameters of the centrifuge, including the speed of the centrifuge bowl, the duration of rotation and the temperature of the steam, are presented. The rational operating parameters of the centrifuge when squeezing wax from wax waste are within the following limits: rotational speed n=1000 min-1, steam temperature t=100 °C, centrifuge operation time T=15 min. The noted parameters make it possible to obtain the largest amount of wax in the centrifuge, the mass of which was M=1127 grams with the initial mass of the pressed raw material m0 =3000±10 grams. The conducted studies show that the use of a centrifuge when squeezing wax from the remelting waste of dark bee honeycombs can increase the wax yield by 37.5% and increase the profitability of the apiary.
Development of technology for processing solid waste from the production of orthophosphoric acid into an inorganic composite material
Authors: Medennikov O A , Shabelskaya N P , Sidash E A , Ulyanova V A , Yatsenko A N
Published: June 2022

The article considers the processes of processing solid waste from the production of phosphoric acid - phosphogypsum - into composite inorganic materials. It is shown that heat treatment at a temperature of 1073 K leads to the formation of inactive calcium sulfate. Carrying out the heat treatment process under similar conditions in the presence of an organic reducing agent is accompanied by the formation of a composite material with a luminescent ability. A simple method for the disposal of large-tonnage production waste with the production of a demanded product is proposed.
Effectiveness of application of plant growth regulator ORGANOSTIM on soybean on leached chernozem in the Western Ciscaucasia
Authors: Tishkov N M , Tilba V A , Makhonin V L , Shkarupa M V
Published: June 2022

The application of growth regulators in soybean cultivation is of great practical importance due to the ability of this class of substances in small quantities to positively influence plant resistance to stress conditions and pathogens, stimulate photosynthesis processes and increase plant productivity. In 2019-2020, we studied the effect of the plant growth regulator ORGANOSTIM® based on water solutions of taxifolin and crezacin on the yield and quality of seeds and yield structure indicators of soybean on the leached chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia. Seed treatment before sowing and foliar spraying at the stages of branching and flowering contributed to a significant increase in the number of beans and seeds per plant and thousand-seed weight. This increased the soybean seed yield by 6.1-8.5 %, protein yield by 7.5-10.4 %, and oil yield by 5.7-6.9 %.
The energy system of the region in the spatial development of the territory: possible risks and growth factors
Authors: Ermakova A M
Published: June 2022

The article examines the current state of the energy system of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the spatial development of the territory. The main risks that may affect the development of the district’s energy system have been identified. The growth factors and prospects for the development of energy-efficient development of the region are determined.
Pollution of ecosystem water resources in the Ural Federal District
Authors: Oznobikhina L A
Published: June 2022

Most of the surface of our planet is occupied by seas, oceans, rivers, lakes, surface waters and underground reservoirs. Currently, pollution of the hydrosphere is a global problem of our time. Water pollution occurs to a greater extent from human activity. This leads to a negative impact on the quality and quantity of suitable water, as well as on the habitat of living organisms. The condition of groundwater is assessed as critical and tends to further deteriorate. Groundwater is affected by pollution from oil fields, mining enterprises, filtration fields, slag accumulators and dumps of metallurgical plants.
Theoretical aspects of root crop grinder development
Authors: Ayugin N P , Morozov A V , Ulyanov M V , Kalimullin M N , Artemova E I , Ukhalina O V
Published: June 2022

The article presents results of theoretical studies on development and calculation of a root crop grinder. A mathematical description of the process of movement of cutting elements and feed particles in a cylinder-type root crop grinder with a vertical location of the cylinder is presented. Dependencies between design and operating parameters of the developed root crop grinder were obtained. The research results can be used in development of root crop grinders for preparation of root crops for cattle, pig and poultry feeding.