bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH EKSTRAK ETANOL RANTING BUAH PARIJOTO (Medinilla speciosa Blume) TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH TIKUS PUTIH DENGAN METODE INDUKSI ALOKSAN
Authors: Megawati Annik , Pujiastuti Endra
Published: July 2019

Pada tahun 2000 di Indonesia terdapat 8,4 juta pengidap penyakit diabetes mellitus dan diperkirakan akan menjadi 21,3 juta pada tahun 2030 (Soegondo dkk, 2009). Indonesia merupakan negara dengan kekayaan alam yang besarsebagai aset negara yang perlu digali sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Salah satu kearifan lokal, di desa Colo dilereng Gunung Muria, Kabupaten Kudus, Jawa Tengah yaitu parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Blume). Tanaman yang mengandung tanin, Flavonoid, Saponin dan glikosida dalam buahnya, serta memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Ranting Buah Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Blume) Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Tikus Putih Dengan Metode Induksi Aloksan. Untuk mengetahui perbedaan penurunan kadar glukosa darah antar kelompok perlakuan. Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimental laboratorik dengan menggunakan induksi aloksan pada tikus putih dan menyebabkan kerusakan sel beta pankreas sehingga terjadi diabetes mellitus. Pemberian ekstrak etanol ranting buah parijoto diberikan setelah tikus DM, dengan harapan dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Data diuji menggunakan one way ANOVA untuk mengetahui adanya perbedaan antar perlakuan. Diperoleh nilai signifikan 0.000 0.05 artinya terdapat perbedaan antar perlakuan terhadap efek hipoglikemik pada tikus diabetes. Selanjutnya data diuji Multiple Comparisons Bonferrondi peroleh hasil tidak ada perbedaan antara kelompok control positif (Glibenklamid) dan Kelompok dosis 100 mg/KgBB. Kata Kunci : Medinilla speciosa Blume ; Aloksan, Kadar glukosa darah
Kedudukan Hukum Anak Luar Kawin Yang Diakui
Authors: Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: July 2019

Anak yang sah adalah anak yang dilahirkan dalam atau sebagai akibat perkawinan yang sah maka kalau terjadi perkawinan yang sah menurut undang undang maka anak dari perkawinan yang sah adalah anak yang sah, tapi disamping itu juga ada anak luar kawin yaitu anak yang lahir diluar nikah atau anak yang lahir dimana ibu yang melahirkan anak tersebut dalam keadaan tidak dalam ikatan perkawinan, apabila anak yang lahir diluar nikah dapat menjadi anak yang sah dapat mempunyai kedudukan sebagai anak yang mempunyai ibu dan ayah seperti anak yang sah yaitu mempunyai ibu dan ayah seperti pada umumnya anak, maka dengan demikian harus dilakukan permohonan pengakuan anak luar kawin ke Pengadilan Negeri.
Analisis Harvard Pada Implementasi Program Kota Layak Anak
Authors: Sari Kanthi Pamungkas , Margowati Sri
Published: July 2019

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauhmana responsivitas masyarakat dalam implementasi dan pengembangan program Magelang Kota Layak Anak yang telah dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah daerah. Dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi peta yang tepat dan kompleks tentang sejauh mana keterlibatan semua pemangku kepentingan dalam program Kota Layak Anak dengan indikator: profil kegiatan; akses kegiatan dan kontrol atas sumber daya dan keuntungan yang diperoleh; faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi; dan analisis program yang telah dilakukan masyarakat. Kota Layak Anak bertujuan agar dapat memberikan perlindungan sebagai aset masa depan bangsa secara optimal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara mendalam termasuk FGD. Teknik analisis data dengan menggunakan analisis Harvard. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kota Magelang dengan mengambil dua kecamatan yaitu Kecamatan Magelang Selatan dan Kecamatan Magelang Tengah. Adapun subyek penelitian adalah perwakilan dari organisasi sosial, organisasi keagamaan yang ada di wilayah penelitian, dan informannya adalah pemerintah daerah dan tokoh masyarakat. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah 1) program Magelang KLA sudah berjalan sesuai dengan rencana pembangunan yang dilakukan. Jika ditinjau dari aspek gender tidak nampak ada ketimpangan yang berarti, namun terdapat permasalahan yaitu pekerja anak dan anak yang bekerja dengan jam kerja tinggi menurut usianya, 2) masyarakat antusias dengan program KLA. Dalam melaksanakan kegiatan-kegiatan KLA masih merasakan bersifat top down, belum bersifat bottom up, dan masih menganggap kegiatan KLA hanya bersifat fisik administrasi saja belum pada bersifat strategis
Asesmen Budaya Politik Masyarakat Pesantren Asrama Perguruan Islam (API) Dan Pabelan Di Kabupaten Magelang
Authors: Sari Kanthi Pamungkas
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan dan menganalisis perbedaan pola kepemimpinan, orientasi politik, sosialisasi politik, dan budaya politik dalam masyarakat antara Pesantren API yang memiliki kategori salafi dan Pesantren Pabelan yang memiliki kategori khalafi di Kabupaten Magelang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif naturalistik. Adapun lokasi penelitian adalah Pesantren API dan Pesantren Pabelan, di Kabupaten Magelang. Data dikumpulkan dengan pengamatan berperanserta, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Peneliti melibatkan kyai, ustad, karyawan dan santri senior di pesantren tersebut sebagai subjek dan informan. Pengambilan sampel engan menggunakan teknik purposive tidak ditujukan untuk membuat generalisasi, namun dilakukan supaya hasil penelitian dapat transferabel pada kasus lain. Teknik purposive digunakan untuk mendapatkan hal–hal yang dapat dipilih dari beberapa kasus langka yang ekstrim dan lebih mudah dicari maknanya. Selain itu juga bertujuan untuk merekam keragaman yang unik. Dalam paradigma naturalistik uji keterpercayaan dilakukan untuk dapat memperoleh kredibilitas, transferabilitas, dependabilitas dan konfirmabilitas. Penemuan penelitian menunjukkan empat hal penting : (1) kepemimpinan kyai Pesantren API memiliki pola monomorphik sedangkan Pesantren Pabelan memiliki pola polimorphik, (2) masyarakat Pesantren API memiliki orientasi politik patuh kepada kyai sedangkan masyarakat Pesantren Pabelan memiliki kebebasan untuk berekspresi secara bertanggung jawab, (3) sosialisasi politik dalam masyarakat pesantren API didasarkan pada kepatuhan terhadap mekanisme yang ada sedangkan dalam masyarakat Pesantren Pabelan memiliki sikap demokratis sehingga sikap politiknya bervariasi, (4) budaya politik dalam masyarakat Pesantren API memiliki pola patronase sedangkan dalam masyarakat Pesantren Pabelan memiliki pola seimbang yang ditentukan secara sadar rasional.
Analisis Penyelesaian Masalah Non Performing Financing (NPF) Pada Pembiayaan Murabahah Menurut Fatwa DSN NO.47/DSN-MUI/II/2005 (Studi Kasus Pada BMT Karisma Kota Magelang)
Authors: Fidyaningrum Apriliana , Jannah Nasyitotul
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi penyelesaian masalah Non Performing Financing (NPF) atau pembiayaan bermasalah khususnya pada pembiayaan murabahah serta mengetahui tingkat kesesuaian penyelesaian masalah pembiayaan muarabahah bermasalah tersebut dengan ketentuan Fatwa Dewan Syari’ah Nasional No. 47/DSN-MUI/II/2005. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan studi kasus mengenai penyelesaian masalah NPF pada pembiayaan murabahah di BMT Karisma Kota Magelang, pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik yaitu dengan  pengambilan data-data riil tentang penyelesaian masalah NPF untuk dianalisa menggunakan fatwa Dewan Syari’ah Nasional No. 47/DSN-MUI/II/2005.
Eksekusi Jaminan Pada Pembiayaan Bermasalah Di BMT Bima Kota Magelang (Telaah Fatwa DSN MUI NO.17/DSN/IX/2000)
Authors: Hutami Hatma Sri Woro , Triyanto Andi
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prosedur eksekusi jaminan di BMT BIMA serta mengetahui kesesuaiannya dengan Fatwa DSN MUI No.17/DSN/IX/2000 tentang sanksi atas nasabah mampu yang menunda-nunda pembayaran. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan studi kasus mengenai eksekusi jaminan pada pembiayaan bermasalah di BMT BIMA Kota Magelang. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskripsi analisis yaitu pengambilan data-data riil tentang prosedur eksekusi jaminan untuk dianalisis menggunakan fatwa DSN MUI No.17/DSN/IX/2000. Hasil analisis data mengungkapkan bahwa eksekusi jaminan pada pembiayaan bermasalah di BMT BIMA Kota Magelang adalah dengan memberikan surat peringatan sampai 3 (tiga) kali, dan surat persetujuan penjualan jaminan, selanjutnya penjualan jaminan dilakukan dengan sistem perorangan agar memperoleh harga tertinggi. Dalam langkah-langkah yang diambil BMT BIMA tindakan eksekusi jaminan tersebut sudah sesuai dengan fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional No.17/DSN/IX/2000 poin 4 (empat) didasarkan prinsip ta’zir, yaitu bertujuan agar nasabah lebih disiplin dalam melaksanakan kewajibannya.
Impossible transparence ?
Authors: Dumont M.
Published: July 2019

Partant des ambiguïtés dans la manière de comprendre le droit à l’information médicale, cet article s’efforce de décrire les difficultés de la transparence dans la relation médecin–patient. Il y est décrit à quel point la parole peut être violente, alors même qu’elle est une dimension essentielle du soin. On souligne en quoi la transparence est éminemment désirable dans la relation médicale, mais aussi les pièges qu’elle peut représenter. On s’efforce ainsi de dégager les critères qui permettraient de mettre en oeuvre ce qu’il convient peut-être de nommer franchise plutôt que transparence.
Između proizvoda i dela: estetski fetišizam i finansijalizacija umetnosti
Authors: Đorđević Marko
Published: July 2019

This paper focuses on the ideological transformation of modernistic aesthetic fetishism into what Professor Rastko Močnik has termed “aesthetic imperialism” in contemporary art. Our hypothesis is that this transformation is an effect of the overdetermination of artistic production to fictitious capital. In order to examine this hypothesis, we shall explore the transformation of the simple, modernist work of art into the twofold, contemporary work of art (which must first be a claim to aesthetic evaluation and only then a work of art). We do not suggest that modernism did not know the term “artwork,” as applying to those art products that were not recognized as works of art, but rather that there was a change in the very process of aesthetic evaluation. We believe that, unlike the unitary modernist recognition of products as works by the institution of art, there is twofold recognition in the contemporary age. Here the claim to aesthetic evaluation is allowed to every product, but confirmed only to those that successfully reproduce the ruling “aesthetic imperialism.” Even though ideologists of contemporary art present this change as a result of progressivism that is inherent to the institution of art, we would like to argue that it is an effect of the abovementioned overdetermination of artistic production by fictitious capital, that is, its effects in aesthetic and legal fetishism. This hypothesis will be examined in two relatively autonomous instances: economic and ideological (artistic).
Marx o potrebi za umjetnošću: umjetnost između političke ekonomije i samoodređenja
Authors: Blagojević Bojan
Published: July 2019

If we take political economy to be concerned with the way a society satisfies its needs, we would expect that an account of Marx’s critique of political economy of art should begin with a critique of the way a need for art is perceived within capitalistic production relations. We will try to provide a sketch of such a critique in this paper, taking various accounts of the place and role of art within a system of human needs as a context in which art works and artistic creation are connected with categories of commodity, production, labour, market etc. Then we will turn to an account of human needs, provided by Agnes Heller, that are not limited to political economy and aim to show that the need for art is properly located within that system of “non-alienated” needs and human self-determination.
Prilog teoriji izvođačkog ugovora
Authors: Jašarović Edin
Published: July 2019

For an artist at the earliest stages of his career, accumulating a stock of knowledge and skills can become the most important basis from which he or she might expect a higher income or ranking on the art market in the future. These investments can be seen as the direct costs of higher education in art, which together with other costs make a significant corpus of investment for the artist, from which some future return may be expected. According to the renowned theoretician of economy Ruth Towse, such investment can also be considered as a “percentage of personal income,” which can be understood as compensation for any interest that the artist would have realized in case he had effectively converted such investment into savings or invested in something else. Thus, the indirect costs of investing in art education are all those that we can consider as earnings that were missed during the training period, or period of knowledge accumulation. In this case, theorists will agree that such investment may be considered as an opportunity cost, which would have been compensated had that time been used for work, that is, invested in earning rather than learning. Therefore, in this paper, based on these dichotomy contributions, we will build on the general views of the contract theory as proposed by Richard E. Caves on the negotiating position of the artist, which in most cases constitutes an “incomplete contract” that cannot compensate for all the costs of art education and later the price and market value of his or her work. The need to pay special attention to this topic in the new conditions of political economy arises from a rather dominant and hypostatic form of cognitive capital on the one side, and the neoliberal model of cultural policy on the other.
From Durkheim to Hocart
Authors: Hardenberg Roland
Published: July 2019

In this article, I argue that the word ‘resource’ can be used to denote what is considered to be of high value in a given society. These values may relate either to society as a whole or to its parts. In the former case, resources often acquire the characteristics of the sacred as identified by Émile Durkheim and others. It is here argued that the Durkheimian approach captures the symbolic dimension of the collective sacred but ignores the social effects of people’s attempts to obtain access to the highest value. To understand how concrete social forms evolve, one may rather turn to the writings of Arthur Maurice Hocart. His approach draws our attention to values (of ‘life’) and the social processes deriving from people’s engagement with the sacred. To illustrate this approach, an ethnographic example from Odisha, India is provided.
What of Effervescence?
Authors: Coleman Simon
Published: July 2019

In this article I explore the continued salience of Durkheimian effervescence through an examination of ritual activities contained within contemporary English cathedrals. My argument focuses less on collective occasions of creative or destructive tumult and more on ritualised forms of action where modalities of engagement and participation are nuanced, reflexively negotiated and small-scale. My aim is to render more subtle – and potentially productive – our understandings of gradations in ritual intensity.
Durkheim's Effervescence and Its Maussian Afterlife in Medical Anthropology
Authors: Hsu Elisabeth
Published: July 2019

What, if not Durkheim’s ‘collective representations’ acquired during exalted states of effervescence, gives rise to society, culture and science? Marcel Mauss provides another answer by pointing to the different rhythms of social relationships and the human effort to synchronise them. The seasonal cycle of the Eskimo [Inuit], Mauss argues, is in accord with their game; hence people disperse in summer to pursue economic activities in small bands, while they congregate in dense house-complexes in winter and engage in ritual. It would appear that Mauss draws heavily on Boas’s contrast between the Kwakiutl winter celebrations and their ‘uninitiated’ livelihood in summer. These insights have traction for medical anthropologists who are interested in finding an anthropological explanation for the efficaciousness of ‘traditional’ medicines or ‘indigenous’ healing techniques.
Predicting nonroutine discharge after elective spine surgery: external validation of machine learning algorithms
Authors: Stopa Brittany M. , Robertson Faith C. , Karhade Aditya V. , Chua Melissa , Broekman Marike L. D. , Schwab Joseph H. , Smith Timothy R. , Gormley William B.
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

Nonroutine discharge after elective spine surgery increases healthcare costs, negatively impacts patient satisfaction, and exposes patients to additional hospital-acquired complications. Therefore, prediction of nonroutine discharge in this population may improve clinical management. The authors previously developed a machine learning algorithm from national data that predicts risk of nonhome discharge for patients undergoing surgery for lumbar disc disorders. In this paper the authors externally validate their algorithm in an independent institutional population of neurosurgical spine patients.

METHODS

Medical records from elective inpatient surgery for lumbar disc herniation or degeneration in the Transitional Care Program at Brigham and Women’s Hospital (2013–2015) were retrospectively reviewed. Variables included age, sex, BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, preoperative functional status, number of fusion levels, comorbidities, preoperative laboratory values, and discharge disposition. Nonroutine discharge was defined as postoperative discharge to any setting other than home. The discrimination (c-statistic), calibration, and positive and negative predictive values (PPVs and NPVs) of the algorithm were assessed in the institutional sample.

RESULTS

Overall, 144 patients underwent elective inpatient surgery for lumbar disc disorders with a nonroutine discharge rate of 6.9% (n = 10). The median patient age was 50 years and 45.1% of patients were female. Most patients were ASA class II (66.0%), had 1 or 2 levels fused (80.6%), and had no diabetes (91.7%). The median hematocrit level was 41.2%. The neural network algorithm generalized well to the institutional data, with a c-statistic (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) of 0.89, calibration slope of 1.09, and calibration intercept of −0.08. At a threshold of 0.25, the PPV was 0.50 and the NPV was 0.97.

CONCLUSIONS

This institutional external validation of a previously developed machine learning algorithm suggests a reliable method for identifying patients with lumbar disc disorder at risk for nonroutine discharge. Performance in the institutional cohort was comparable to performance in the derivation cohort and represents an improved predictive value over clinician intuition. This finding substantiates initial use of this algorithm in clinical practice. This tool may be used by multidisciplinary teams of case managers and spine surgeons to strategically invest additional time and resources into postoperative plans for this population.
Does It Hurt?
Authors: Modić Stanke Koraljka , Ivanec Dragutin , Butić Luka
Published: July 2019

The aim of this paper is to determine whether experimenter's professional status (Study 1) and familiarity (Study 2) affect participant's pain assessment, even when there are no other differences in the experimenter's characteristics. Both studies measured pain threshold and tolerance, and assessment of pain unpleasantness and intensity induced by thermal and electrical stimuli. In Study 1, experimenter introduced himself to participants as either a student (lower status) or an expert associate (higher status). ANOVA revealed significant and moderate to large effect of status only in thermal modality; as expected, participants tested by the higher status experimenter displayed higher thermal pain thresholds and tolerances. In
Study 2, another experimenter conducted all the measurements; hers (higher) status was previously familiar to one group of students and disclosed to the other group just before the measurement. ANOVA revealed
statistically significant and moderate effect of familiarity only in electrical modality; as expected, participants tested by the familiar higher status experimenter displayed higher electrical pain thresholds and tolerances. These results suggest that not only the professional status of a person measuring pain, but also individual's familiarity with it influences someone's pain assessment. With this in mind, researchers are encouraged to conduct studies that control for these factors and to include more information regarding experimenter's characteristics within their reports.
Hipoteza zamišljenog kontakta
Authors: Marić Nikola , Kolenović Đapo Jadranka , Đapo Nermin
Published: July 2019

Prema hipotezi zamišljenog kontakta dovoljna je samo vizualizacija socijalnog kontakta pozitivnog tona prema vanjskoj grupi kako bi došlo do promjene u negativnim stavovima. U ovom je istraživanju ispitivana uloga kapaciteta radnog pamćenja u zamišljenom kontaktu. Provedene su dvije studije. U prvoj je, kvazieksperimentalnoj studiji, pokazano da osobe koje imaju manji kapacitet radnog pamćenja imaju negativnije opise zamišljenog kontakta i negativnije stavove prema vanjskoj grupi u odnosu na osobe većeg kapaciteta radnog pamćenja. Druga, eksperimentalna studija, proširila je nalaze prve studije te je pokazano da su osobe koje su neposredno pred zamišljanje kontakta s članom vanjske grupe imale dodatno opterećenje radnog pamćenja posljedično imale negativnije opise zamišljenog kontakta i negativnije stavove prema članovima vanjske grupe nego skupina ispitanika koja nije imala dodatno opterećenje radnog pamćenja. Medijacijska analiza potvrdila je hipotezu da je (ne)mogućnost održavanja pozitivnog tona zamišljene interakcije mehanizam koji uvjetuje uspješnost zamišljenog kontakta na smanjenje negativnih stavova. Nalazi obiju studija upućuju na to da je kapacitet radnog pamćenja jedan od faktora koji uvjetuje uspješnost intervencije zamišljenim kontaktom. Dobiveni rezultati otvaraju nova pitanja o efikasnosti zamišljenog kontakta u promjenama stava.
Važnost motiva za postignućem i moći za rad na rukovodećoj poziciji, plaću i intrinzičnu motivaciju za posao
Authors: Ružojčić Mitja , Galić Zvonimir , Trojak Nataša
Published: July 2019

U ovom je istraživanju vraćen fokus na dvije osobine koje su prije pojave petofaktorskog modela ličnosti, uz inteligenciju, smatrane ključnim odrednicama radnih i karijernih postignuća, motiv za postignućem i motiv za moći. Provjereno je hoće li ovi motivi predviđati
tri važna radna ishoda: rad na rukovodećoj poziciji, plaću i intrinzičnu motivaciju za posao, povrh osobina petofaktorskog modela. Pri tome je rad na rukovodećoj poziciji operacionaliziran zauzimanjem posla na višim razinama organizacijske hijerarhije; plaća kao visina mjesečne neto plaće, a intrinzična motivacija za posao izmjerena je upitničkom mjerom. Istraživanje je provedeno na 160 zaposlenika različitih hrvatskih radnih organizacija, čiji su podaci prikupljeni internetskim anketnim upitnikom. Korelacijske i regresijske analize pokazale su da su motivi za postignućem i moći važna determinanta ovih radnih ishoda te ih objašnjavaju bolje od osobina petofaktorskog modela.
Pri tome je motiv za postignućem bio važnija determinanta intrinzične motivacije za posao, a motiv za moći rukovodeće pozicije i plaće. Ovi nalazi pokazuju kako aspekti ličnosti koji su uže povezani s radnim kontekstom, kao što su motiv za postignućem i motiv za moći, imaju dodatnu vrijednost te bi ih se trebalo uzeti u obzir zajedno sa širokim osobinama petofaktorskog modela u svrhu što boljeg predviđanja radnih ishoda.
Knowledge Production Systems in Tourism in Higher Education Institutions: Proposing A Performance Assessment Protocol Based on A Brazilian Experience
Authors: DUARTE PİMENTEL Thiago , CONCEİÇÃO DE PAULA Sara
Published: July 2019

Considering the
gap between production of knowledge in tourism and its transference (mainly by
the socialization educational process, but also via tacit apprenticeship in
workplace and also in general terms, e.g. university – society diffusion of
knowledge), this paper presents a protocol developed by the authors driven to
manage human resources (a critical factor of success) in the Knowledge Production
Systems in Tourism (KPST). For that, we have made a literature review, giving
relevance to the problem of the absence of knowledge production in tourism and
its consequences. Methodologically, the paper focuses on the micro-level of the
systems’ components (human resources), aiming to identify the main regular
characteristics and making a correlation of them with the other members of the
system. These profiles, relationally combined, can offer an analytical
structure of the team, and doing so, we can observe their most prominent and
distinctive factors in a KPST, as well their fragilities. Specifically, it is
presented here the assessment of the professors-researchers’ team performance
aiming to achieve an academic management tool. Our results show: (1) the collective
productivity and their related profile, as well (2) the degree of expertise and
asymmetry in individual productivity of professors-researchers, and (3) the
possible inconsistencies between the expertise of these professionals versus their
performanced areas. In conclusion, two main contributions are advocated: (1)
the preparation of a research protocol itself, which has been translated into
software, and (2) the derived indicators used for the survey of diagnosis, for
monitoring and evaluating the performance academic management.
La competencia digital docente y su impacto en el proceso de enseñanza–aprendizaje de la matemática
Authors: Revelo-Rosero Jorge Enrique , Vinicio Lozano Edwin , Bastidas Romo Paco
Published: July 2019

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el nivel de impacto que la integración de la competencia digital en el proceso de enseñanza–aprendizaje de la matemática. La tendencia mediática por el uso masivo de tecnologías móviles con conexión a Internet, son directrices que generan cambios en la forma de aprender y acceder al conocimiento en una sociedad digitalizada. Este estudio es de enfoque cuantitativo no experimental descriptivo. Se diseñó y aplicó una encuesta a una muestra de 150 estudiantes y profesores del área de matemáticas de nivel medio de Ecuador. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los encuestados tienen opiniones negativas acerca del impacto que tiene la competencia digital en el proceso de enseñanza–aprendizaje de la matemática, no por el desconocimiento de su aplicación, sino, por falta de conocimiento y dominio para aplicarlas en la docencia.
Condiciones de seguridad y salud en el trabajo de la población trabajadora informal de la plaza de mercado villa de la sal, ubicada en el municipio de Zipaquirá – Cundinamarca
Authors: Rincón Tellez Diana Carolina
Published: July 2019

Introducción. El trabajo informal es considerado una actividad económica, con alta vulnerabilidad y exposición a condiciones de seguridad y salud en el trabajo que si no son identificadas y controladas, podrán generar enfermedades de tipo laboral a la población expuesta. Objetivo. Identificar las condiciones de seguridad y salud en el trabajo de los trabajadores de la plaza de mercado Villa de la Sal del municipio de Zipaquirá, Cundinamarca Materiales y métodos. La investigación es descriptiva y el análisis de datos se desarrollará bajo la metodología cuantitativa. Resultados. La afiliación de los trabajadores a régimen contributivo corresponde solamente al 21%, La afiliación a riesgos laborales es muy baja, solamente el 16% cuenta con ARL. Conclusión La generación de una cultura que reduzca los riesgos en el trabajo es necesaria en la población informal; ya que desconocen las condiciones de seguridad y salud en el trabajo a las cuales están expuestos.
La Virología y sus grandes acontecimientos
Authors: Peralta Roberto Coello
Published: July 2019

El presente es una revisión bibliográfica, acerca de grandes acontecimientos surgidos durante el estudio de los virus, desde la antigüedad hasta los actuales días. Así mismo, es de notable relevancia mencionar que el dinamismo de los virus y la aparición de nuevas metodologías de diagnósticos e innovaciones, han conllevado al surgimiento y resurgimiento de esta disciplina, de importancia en Agricultura, Vida Silvestre, Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública, entre otras.
Factores de riesgo que influye en el consumo de alcohol en los estudiantes de la Universidad Estatal de Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, periodo enero a junio del 2018
Authors: Guerra Naranjo Patricia , Robles Amaya Lady , Agualongo Chela David , Paredes Sinche Norma
Published: July 2019

Introducción. El consumo de alcohol se ha convertido en un problema de salud se precisa contribuir determinado los factores de riesgo. Objetivo. Identificar los factores de riesgo que influyen en el consumo de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo-transversal. Resultados. La mayoría de los estudiantes indican que cada uno siempre y casi siempre el consumir alcohol si influyó en pérdidas y repitencias de ciclo. Conclusión. Factores de riesgo identificados entre el principal se encuentra autoestima limitada, los hogares disfuncionales y vivir solos.
Geschichtsschreibung der Erwachsenen- und Weiterbildungsforschung – Ein Überblick mit Reflexionen für den wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchs
Authors: Gieseke Wiltrud , Käpplinger Bernd
Published: July 2019

Der Beitrag gibt komplementär zu den Überlegungen einer Historiografie der Erwachsenen- und Weiterbildungsforschung einen Überblick über vorhandene Studien. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird der Frage geschenkt, welche Anregungen sich daraus für anschließende und weiterführende historische Arbeiten und Forschung ergeben.
Biopharmaceutical Monotargeting versus ‘Universal Targeting’ of Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease Using Mixtures of Pleiotropic Natural Compounds
Authors: Friel Howard
Published: July 2019

A five-year close reading of the scientific literature on late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has prompted the invention of a novel therapeutic method that biomechanistically targets the targetable disease-process targets of AD with one or another mixture of non-toxic pleiotropic natural compounds. The featured mixture herein is comprised of curcumin, resveratrol, and EGCG. The mixture’s targets include central pathological elements of AD (including amyloid, tau, synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and aberrant neuroinflammation), modifiable risk factors, comorbidities, and epigenetic elements. The featured mixture and other such mixtures are suitable for long-term use, and may be applied to any stage of AD, including primary and secondary prevention. Such mixtures also would be amenable for use as pre-treatment, co-treatment, and post-treatment applications with certain biopharmaceutical agents. The targeting focus here is the major credible hypotheses of AD. The focus of future such articles will include other AD-related targets, modifiable risk factors and comorbidities, APOE4, epigenetic factors, bioavailability, dose response, and implications for clinical testing. The “universal targeting” method described herein—that is, “targeting the targetable targets” of AD using certain mixtures of natural compounds—is reprogrammable and thus is applicable to other chronic neurological conditions, including Parkinson’s disease, vascular dementia, ischemic-stroke prevention and recovery, and sports-related head injuries and sequelae leading to chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
Communication P Systems with Channel States Working in Flat Maximally Parallel Manner
Authors: Jiang Suxia , Wang Yanfeng , Xu Fei , Deng Junli
Published: July 2019

Communication P systems with channel states (CC P systems, for short) are a class of distributed parallel computing models, where communication (symport/antiport) rules associated with channel states are executed in a sequential manner on membrane channels. In this work, communication P systems with channel states working in flat maximally parallel manner are considered and the computational power is investigated. Specifically, it is proved that communication P systems with channel states using symport rules of length two are Turing universal when having one membrane and any number of channel states, or two membranes and three channel states. Furthermore, membrane division is introduced into communication P systems with channel states, communication P systems with channel states and membrane division (CCD P systems, for short) are proposed. We provide a uniform solution to the Hamiltonian path problem (HPP) by CCD P systems working in a flat maximally parallel manner.
Algorithmic Completeness of Imperative Programming Languages
Authors: Marquer Yoann
Published: July 2019

According to the Church-Turing Thesis, effectively calculable functions are functions computable by a Turing machine. Models that compute these functions are called Turing-complete. For example, we know that common imperative languages (such as C, Ada or Python) are Turing complete (up to unbounded memory).

Algorithmic completeness is a stronger notion than Turing-completeness. It focuses not only on the input-output behavior of the computation but more importantly on the step-by-step behavior. Moreover, the issue is not limited to partial recursive functions, it applies to any set of functions. A model could compute all the desired functions, but some algorithms (ways to compute these functions) could be missing (see [10, 27] for examples related to primitive recursive algorithms).

This paper’s purpose is to prove that common imperative languages are not only Turing-complete but also algorithmically complete, by using the axiomatic definition of the Gurevich’s Thesis and a fair bisimulation between the Abstract State Machines of Gurevich (defined in [16]) and a version of Jones’ While programs. No special knowledge is assumed, because all relevant material will be explained from scratch.
Development of mobile intraoperative computed tomography imaging system and assessment of its performance in a brain and body phantom study
Authors: Kim Tae-Hoon , Ryu Jong-Hyun , Jeong KilHwan , Kim Kyu Gyeom , Jeong Chang-Won , Yoon Kwon-Ha , Kim Dae-Won
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND:

Intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) system has been developed focusing on combining the advanced imaging techniques for the best imaging modality. However, the use of iCT system in the operating rooms is limited due to the lack of flexible mobility.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aims to develop a mobile iCT imaging system and assess its imaging performance in a phantom study.

METHODS:

The mobile iCT system with mecanum omni-directional wheels has three major components namely, a rotating gantry, a slip-ring and a stationary gantry. Performance of mecanum iCT system was evaluated using the indices of signal-to-noise (SNR), contrast-to noise (CNR), and spatial resolution (MTF). Anatomical landmarks on phantom images were assessed using a 5-point scale (5 = definitely seen; 4 = probably seen; 3 = equivocal; 2 = probably not seen; and 1 = definitely not seen).

RESULTS:

The mecanum iCT system can be conveniently used for a whole-body scan under intraoperative conditions even in narrow operating rooms due to a smaller turning radius. The image quality of the mecanum iCT system was found to be acceptable for clinical applications (with SNR = 162.72, CNR = 134.29 and MTF = 694 μm). The diagnostic scores on the phantom images were ‘definitely seen’ value.

CONCLUSIONS:

The proposed mecanum iCT system achieved the improved flexible mobility and has potential to better serve as a useful imaging tool in the clinical intraoperative setting.
Scattering measurement and estimation in angular sequence for cone-beam CT based on projection structural tensor and modeling
Authors: Yang Fuqiang , Zhang Dinghua , Zhang Hua , Huang Kuidong
Published: July 2019

Based on the structural tensor of projection, this study aims to address and test a new improved algorithm applying to the distort projection data to generate a high qualified image by reducing the artifacts and noise from scattering in the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Since the scattering information has a large relationship with the structure of the object, which is reflected by the projection, regional model knowledge for scattering is accomplished by finding the relationship between projection and scattering. As the tensor, the gradient of projection is first calculated in the process for estimating the direction and structural edge of the object. Then, the Determinant and Traces of the tensor map with different characteristics are computed to determine the different regions. By modeling and fitting the regions of scattering distribution, the knowledge of scattering parameters corresponding to a different region is obtained. Based on the similarity of scattering distribution in adjacent angles, the scatterings with angle sequence are completed by interpolating the prior knowledge obtained through the sparse sampling. By performing the studies on polychromatic X-ray to test the performance of the scattering estimation algorithm, the results show a significant improvement in the images that are reconstructed from the corrected projection. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the proposed method is reduced by 21.8% and 39.8%, respectively. Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), and universal quality index (UQI) also indicate better uniformity, where the PSNR is increased by 7.4% and 56.7%, UQI is increased by 70.8% and 262.3% for experimental # Wheel and # Cylinder, respectively.
Physicochemical Biology: Conquered Boundaries and New Horizons
Authors: Knorre D. G.
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we shall consider the main evolutionary stages that occurred within the field of physicochemical biology during the 20th century, following the determination of the tertiary structure of DNA by Watson and Crick and the subsequent successes in the X-ray structural analysis of biopolymers. The authors ideas on the pre-emptive problems and the methods used in physicochemical biology in the 21st century are also presented, including an investigation of the dynamics of biochemical processes, studies of the functions of unstructured proteins, as well as single-molecule investigations of enzymatic processes and of biopolymer tertiary structure formation.
Coagulation Factor IX for Hemophilia B Therapy
Authors: Orlova N. A. , Kovnir S. V. , Vorobiev I. I. , Gabibov A. G.
Published: July 2019

Factor IX is a zymogen enzyme of the blood coagulation cascade. Inherited absence or deficit of the IX functional factor causes bleeding disorder hemophilia B, which requires constant protein replacement therapy. Reviewed herein are the current state in the manufacturing of FIX, improved variants of the recombinant protein for therapy, transgenic organisms for obtaining FIX, and the advances in the gene therapy of hemophilia B.
Development of Chlamydial Type III Secretion System Inhibitors for Suppression of Acute and Chronic Forms of Chlamydial Infection
Authors: Zigangirova N. A. , Zayakin E. S. , Kapotina L. N. , Kost E. A. , Didenko L. V. , Davydova D. Yu. , Rumyanceva J. P. , Gintsburg A. L.
Published: July 2019

The Type III secretion system (T3SS) is currently considered to be one of the main pathogenicity factors in Gram-negative bacteria, which exhibit different types of parasitizing activity. The presence of this structure is essential for the development of an acute infection; the chronicity of the infection is fundamentally dependent upon its functioning. In this regard, T3TS is one of the most promising targets for the development of broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs that do not develop resistance and are efficacious for the acute and chronic forms of infection. The mechanism of action in drug development is based on the specific inhibition of T3SS, which should interrupt the infectious process, thereby enabling the immune system to eliminate the pathogen. As a result of pilot screening using specific cellular and bacterial tests, followed by chemical optimization and detailed characterization of the biological activity, a new class of chlamydial T3SS inhibitors was obtained. The selected compounds have obvious advantages over the currently available inhibitors of T3SS pathogens thanks to the high inhibitory activity of these compounds with minimal damaging effects on eukaryotic cells. Preclinical trials of the selected inhibitors are currently under way.
Mitochondrial Pathway of α-Tocopheryl Succinate-Induced Apoptosis in Human Epidermoid Carcinoma A431 Cells
Authors: Savitskaya M. A. , Vildanova M. S. , Kisurina-Evgenieva O. P. , Smirnova E. A. , Onischenko G. E.
Published: July 2019

Vitamin E derivatives are known to act as agents exhibiting cytotoxity against tumor cells. The effect of vitamin E succinate on human epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431 was investigated in this study using live imaging, immunocytochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. -Tocopheryl succinate-induced apoptotic cell death in A431 cells was shown to be both dose- and time-dependent. The hyperproduction of reactive oxygen species, changes in size, shape and ultrastructural characteristics of mitochondria followed by the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol were observed. These results suggest that -tocopheryl succinate induces apoptosis that occurs via the mitochondrial pathway. Mitochondria are shown to be crucial targets in -tocopheryl succinate-induced caspase-dependent cell death in human carcinoma A431 cells.
Gene Expression upon Proliferation and Differentiation of Hematopoietic Cells with PH Chromosome ex vivo
Authors: Grineva N. I. , Duchovenskay E. A. , Timofeev A. M. , Akhlynina T. V. , Gerasimova L. P. , Manakova T. E. , Borovkova T. V. , Schmarov D. A. , Sarycheva N. G. , Naydenova N. M. , Gavrichkova A. R. , Kolosova L. Y. , Kolosheynova T. I. , Kovaleva L. G.
Published: July 2019

The genes p53, mdm2, p21, c-myc, bcr/abl, bcr, bcl2, bax, and gapdh participate in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis and cell distribution for the cell cycle ex vivo in the Ph +cells of chronic myeloid leukemia containing the Ph chromosome and bcr/abl oncogene. Expression of these genes correlates with regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation by alternating proliferation and maturation stages for three main Ph +cell types that occur under chronic myeloid leukemia. The p53, p21, mdm2, and gapdh genes overexpress in active proliferating myeloid cells in the cell cycle S+G2/M phases and when the phases are coincident with the proliferation stage. Expression of these genes decreases to a considerable level under alternation of the Ph +cell proliferation and maturation stages and whenever the expression is greatly diminished under significant neutrophil accumulation and especially under repeated alternation of the stages. In the course of neutrophil maturation, gene expression levels decrease in the range of gapdh actin c-myc, bcr/abl,p21 p53 bcl2 bax. The expression levels of these genes in neutrophils are lower than those in myelocytes and lower by an order of magnitude than that in the cells with a prolonged proliferation stage. The Bcr/abl expression gene under prolonged maturation and neutrophil accumulation is inhibited; however it is enhanced by 2-3 times for the proliferation stage with myelocyte accumulation. Minimal bcr/abl expression is observed under overexpression of p53, mdm2, p21, c-myc, as well as under cell maximum at the S and G2/M phases. Bcr/abl overexpression is observed under low expression of the p53, p21, mdm2 genes. In the Ph + cells with a high P/D efficiency index (5-20), overexpression of the genes in the range of bcr gapdhbcr/abl, as well as a decreased expression of the p53, bcl2, mdm2, p21 gapdh genes is observed for Ph + cells from the CML blast crisis and CML acceleration phase. Low control of cell proliferation and cell cycle by gene-regulators presumably promotes bcr/abl overexpression and activates the production of bcr/abl + cells. Apoptosis in the Ph + cells is induced by expression of the bax bcl2, p53, p21, c-myc and gapdh genes. The blocking of Ph + cell apoptosis, neutrophil accumulation, and decrease in the expression of the p53, mdm2 and p21, c-myc, bcr/abl genes occur at the maturation stage.
Overexpression of MRPS18-2 in Cancer Cell Lines Results in Appearance of Multinucleated Cells
Authors: Shevchuk Z. , Yurchenko M. Y. , Darekar S. D. , Holodnuka-Kholodnyuk I. , Kashuba V. I. , Kashuba E. V.
Published: July 2019

Human mitochondrial ribosomal protein MRPS18-2 (S18-2) is encoded by a cellular gene that is located on the human chromosome 6p21.3. We discovered that overexpression of the S18-2 protein led to immortalization and de-differentiation of primary rat embryonic fibroblasts. Cells showed anchorage-independent growth pattern. Moreover, pathways characteristic for rapidly proliferating cells were upregulated then. It is possible that the S18-2 overexpression induced disturbance in cell cycle regulation. We found that overexpression of S18-2 protein in human cancer cell lines led to an appearance of multinucleated cells in the selected clones.
Transfer and Expression of Small Interfering RNAs in Mammalian Cells Using Lentiviral Vectors
Authors: Lebedev T. D. , Spirin P. V. , Prassolov V. S.
Published: July 2019

RNA interference is a convenient tool for modulating gene expression. The widespread application of RNA interference is made difficult because of the imperfections of the methods used for efficient target cell delivery of whatever genes are under study. One of the most convenient and efficient gene transfer and expression systems is based on the use of lentiviral vectors, which direct the synthesis of small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), the precursors of siRNAs. The application of these systems enables one to achieve sustainable and long-term shRNA expression in cells. This review considers the adaptation of the processing of artificial shRNA to the mechanisms used by cellular microRNAs and simultaneous expression of several shRNAs as potential approaches for producing lentiviral vectors that direct shRNA synthesis. Approaches to using RNA interference for the treatment of cancer, as well as hereditary and viral diseases, are under active development today. The improvement made to the methods for constructing lentiviral vectors and the investigation into the mechanisms of processing of small interfering RNA allow one to now consider lentiviral vectors that direct shRNA synthesis as one of the most promising tools for delivering small interfering RNAs.
Stabilization of the Central Part of Tropomyosin Molecule Alters the Ca 2+-sensitivity of Actin-Myosin Interaction
Authors: Shchepkin D. V. , Matyushenko A. M. , Kopylova G. V. , Artemova N. V. , Bershitsky S. Y. , Tsaturyan A. K. , Levitsky D. I.
Published: July 2019

We show that the mutations D137L and G126R, which stabilize the central part of the tropomyosin (Tm) molecule, increase both the maximal sliding velocity of the regulated actin filaments in the in vitro motility assay at high Са 2+ concentrations and the Са 2+-sensitivity of the actin-myosin interaction underlying this sliding. Based on an analysis of the recently published data on the structure of the actin-Tmmyosin complex, we suppose that the physiological effects of these mutations in Tm can be accounted for by their influence on the interactions between the central part of Tm and certain sites of the myosin head.