bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence for intrinsic defects and nanopores as hotspots in 2D PdSe2 dendrites for plasmon-free SERS substrate with a high enhancement factor
Authors: Jena Tadasha , Hossain Md Tarik , Nath Upasana , Sarma Manabendra , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Fujii Minoru , Giri P. K.
Published: February 2023

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), a very powerful tool for the identification of molecular species, has relied mostly on noble metal-based substrates to obtain a high enhancement factor. In this work, we demonstrate that self-driven intrinsic defects in 2D palladium di-selenide (PdSe2) dendrites grown at low temperature (280 °C) act as hotspots for high SERS enhancement. We grow 2D dendritic PdSe2 with ample intrinsic defects to exploit it for SERS application. X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis reveals 9.3% outer layer and 4.7% interior Se vacancies. A detailed examination of atomic-scale defects revealed Se vacancy (VSe) coupled with Se–Pd–Se vacancy (VSe-Pd-Se) in monolayer PdSe2, and an array of line defects (Se vacancies) and nanopores in bilayer PdSe2 dendrites. Interestingly, our studies reveal that Se vacancy-rich PdSe2 gives rise to line defects that act like hotspots for SERS enhancement. Remarkably, the vacancy-rich dendritic PdSe2 shows a SERS enhancement factor >105 and can detect RhB at a concentration down to 10−8  M. We speculate that the topological line defects and the edge construction in PdSe2 dendrites act as metallic wire or edge, which is partly responsible for the high enhancement in the SERS signal. The high SERS sensitivity is explained on the basis of multiple charge transfer processes combined with the predicted metal-like behavior of the defected 2D PdSe2. Our conclusions are fully supported by the density functional theory calculation of the electronic density of states of the defective bilayer (2L) PdSe2, which remarkably exhibits metallic character. Being a defect-enabled SERS substrate, dendritic 2D PdSe2 fills the gap between conventional plasmonic SERS substrate and plasmon-free SERS substrate.
Magnetometry of neurons using a superconducting qubit
Authors: Toida Hiraku , Sakai Koji , Teshima Tetsuhiko F. , Hori Masahiro , Kakuyanagi Kosuke , Mahboob Imran , Ono Yukinori , Saito Shiro
Published: February 2023

Iron plays important physiological and pathological roles in the human body. However, microscopic analysis including redox status by a conventional electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer is difficult due to limited spatial resolution and sensitivity. Here we demonstrate magnetometry of cultured neurons on a polymeric film using a superconducting flux qubit that works as a sensitive magnetometer in a microscale area towards realizing ESR spectroscopy. By changing temperature (12.5–200 mK) and a magnetic field (2.5–12.5 mT), we observe a clear magnetization signal from the neurons that is well above the control magnetometry of the polymeric film itself. From ESR spectrum measured at 10 K, the magnetization signal is identified to originate from electron spins of iron ions in neurons. This technique to detect a bio-spin system can be extended to achieve ESR spectroscopy at the single-cell level, which will give the spectroscopic fingerprint of cells.
Aerial transport of bacteria by dust plumes in the Eastern Mediterranean revealed by complementary rRNA/rRNA-gene sequencing
Authors: Erkorkmaz Burak Adnan , Gat Daniella , Rudich Yinon
Published: February 2023

Processes influencing the transport of airborne bacterial communities in the atmosphere are poorly understood. Here, we report comprehensive and quantitative evidence of the key factors influencing the transport of airborne bacterial communities by dust plumes in the Eastern Mediterranean. We extracted DNA and RNA from size-resolved aerosols sampled from air masses of different origins, followed by qPCR and high-throughput amplicon sequencing of 16 S ribosomal RNA gene and transcripts. We find that airborne bacterial community composition varied with air mass origin and particle size. Bacterial abundance, alpha diversity and species richness were higher in terrestrially influenced air masses than in marine-influenced air masses and higher in the coarse particle fraction (3.0 to 10.0 µm) than in the fine fraction (0.49 to 1.5 µm). This suggests that airborne bacteria mainly were associated with dust particles or transported as cell aggregates. High abundances of rRNA from human, animal and plant pathogen taxa indicate potential ecological impacts of atmospheric bacterial transport.
Comment on “Low-cost solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy insecurity for 145 countries” by M. Z. Jacobson, A. von Krauland, S. J. Coughlin, E. Dukas, A. J. H. Nelson, F. C. Palmer and K. R. Rasmussen, Energy Environ. Sci., 2022, 15, 3343–3359
Authors: Goudriaan Jan
Published: February 2023

According to Jacobson et al. the energy transition from fossil fuels (Business as Usual, BAU) to energy using wind, water and sun (WWS) can be completed by the year 2050, even without nuclear energy.
Analyzing the mechanism by which oyster peptides target IL-2 in melanoma cell apoptosis based on RNA-seq and m6A-seq
Authors: Han Jiaojiao , Geng Lingxin , Lu Chenyang , Zhou Jun , Li Ye , Ming Tinghong , Zhang Zhen , Su Xiurong
Published: February 2023

Melanoma is a kind of skin cancer with high malignancy and strong proliferation and invasion abilities.
Ambipolar operation of progressively designed symmetric bidirectional transistors fabricated using single-channel vertical transistor and electrochemically prepared copper oxide
Authors: Jung Sung Hyeon , Yang Ji Sook , Cho Hyung Koun
Published: February 2023

In this study, we designed a new ambipolar transistors using single channel layer an electrodeposition method for the active layer. We strategically utilized adequate materials for the fabrication of symmetric bidirectional vertical transistors.
18.73% efficient and stable inverted organic photovoltaics featuring a hybrid hole-extraction layer
Authors: Lin Yuanbao , Zhang Yadong , Magomedov Artiom , Gkogkosi Eleftheria , Zhang Junxiang , Zheng Xiaopeng , El-Labban Abdulrahman , Barlow Stephen , Getautis Vytautas , Wang Ergang , Tsetseris Leonidas , Marder Seth R , McCulloch Iain , Anthopoulos Thomas D.
Published: February 2023

Developing efficient and stable organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is crucial for the technology's commercial success.
Iridium-based electrocatalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction: engineering strategies to enhance the activity and stability
Authors: Xu Hongzhe , Han Yun , Wu Qilong , Jia Yi , Li Qin , Yan Xuecheng , Yao Xiangdong
Published: February 2023

This review highlights recent advances in four engineering strategies (doping, morphology, crystal phase, and support) of iridium-based electrocatalysts for acidic OERs.
Effectiveness of organic solvents for recovering collapsed PDMS micropillar arrays
Authors: Wang Dong , Ma Zhuang , Tian Xinchun
Published: February 2023

Solvent-induced polymer swelling effect promoted PDMS micropillar arrays recovery through the formation of liquid bridge.
Copper-catalyzed defluorinative arylboration of vinylarenes with polyfluoroarenes
Authors: Wu Fu-Peng , Gu Xing-Wei , Geng Hui-Qing , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: February 2023

Catalyzed by CuCl and DPEphos, various β-polyfluoroaryl boronates were obtained from styrenes and polyfluoroarenes via defluorinative arylboration. With the use of a chiral ligand, the first example of chiral version was realized.
Enhancing the thermoelectric performance of SnTe-CuSbSe2with an ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity
Authors: Xu Huihong , Wan Han , Xu Rui , Hu Zeqing , Liang Xiaolong , Li Zhou , Song Jiming
Published: February 2023

Multifarious defects are introduced in SnTe by CuSbSe2alloying to induce full-scale phonon scattering, which leads to an ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity, reaching the amorphous limit, and achieves prominent thermoelectric performance.
Amine-assisted synthesis of the Ni3Fe alloy encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon for high-performance water splitting
Authors: Guo Mengzhi , Meng Hong , Jin Junsu , Mi Jianguo
Published: February 2023

We synthesized nitrogen-doped carbon shell encapsulated Ni3Fe alloy catalyst (Ni3Fe-NC/NF) for high-performance water splitting. It exhibits low overpotentials for the OER and HER at a high current density, along with ultralong stability.
Nanoparticle-mediated CRISPR/dCas9a activation of multiple transcription factors to engineer insulin-producing cells
Authors: Lee Mei-Hwa , Thomas James L. , Lin Chien-Yu , Li Yi-Chen Ethan , Lin Hung-Yin
Published: February 2023

Four gRNAs were synthesized and used to form ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) with tracRNA and dCas9-VPR, and were then immobilized on magnetic peptide-imprinted chitosan nanoparticles, which enhanced transfection for production of insulin.
Construction of ternary RuP2/Ti4P6O23@TiO2 photocatalysts for efficient photocatalytic biomass selective oxidation and water splitting
Authors: Li Xinze , Liu Qiong , Ma Jiliang , Liu Kangning , Liu Zhendong , Sun Runcang
Published: February 2023

Construction of ternary RuP2/Ti4P6O23@TiO2 photocatalysts for efficient photocatalytic biomass selective oxidation and water splitting.
Two-dimensional lead-free mixed-halide perovskites with tunable optical properties
Authors: Cao Jing , Xiong Xiaoyu , Zhou Ji
Published: February 2023

The flexibility to choose the halogen of a hybrid perovskite provides a versatile platform to study the optical properties of two-dimensional perovskites.
Recent advances in doped organic field-effect transistors: mechanism, influencing factors, materials, and development directions
Authors: Cao Long , Ren Chunxing , Wu Ti
Published: February 2023

Recent advances in doped organic field-effect transistors: mechanism, influencing factors, materials, and development directions.
Te and Ge solid-state reaction: comparison between the 2D and 3D growth of α-GeTe
Authors: Roland Guillaume , Portavoce Alain , Bertoglio Maxime , Descoins Marion , Remondina Jacopo , Lorut Frédéric , Putero Magali
Published: February 2023

Te–Ge reactive diffusion has been studied by in situ XRD, in situ TEM, and atom probe tomography in a sample made of a poly-Te layer deposited on an amorphous Ge layer, and compared to the reverse case of an a-Ge layer deposited on a poly-Te layer.
Structural and optoelectronic characteristics of β-Ga2O3 epitaxial films with Zn alloying and subsequent oxygen annealing
Authors: Sun Xuan , Liu Kewei , Chen Xing , Hou Qichao , Cheng Zhen , Yang Jialin , Ai Qiu , Zhu Yongxue , Li Binghui , Liu Lei , Shen Dezhen
Published: February 2023

In this article, we have reported the fabrication of ∼7.5 at% Zn alloyed β-Ga2O3 epitaxial films and their high performance solar-blind photodetectors.
Star-shape non-fullerene acceptor featuring an aza-triangulene core for organic solar cells
Authors: Kervella Yann , Andrés Castán José Maria , Avalos-Quiroz Yatzil Alejandra , Khodr Anass , Eynaud Quentin , Koganezawa Tomoyuki , Yoshimoto Noriyuki , Margeat Olivier , Rivaton Agnès , Riquelme Antonio J. , Mwalukuku Valid Mwatati , Pécaut Jacques , Grévin Benjamin , Videlot-Ackermann Christine , Ackermann Jörg , Demadrille Renaud , Aumaître Cyril
Published: February 2023

A novel star-shape non-fullerene acceptor containing an aza-triangulene core is synthesized, characterized and used in inverted organic solar cells.
Correction: Relationships between supermicrometer particle concentrations and cloud water sea salt and dust concentrations: analysis of MONARC and ACTIVATE data
Authors: Gonzalez Marisa E. , Corral Andrea F. , Crosbie Ewan , Dadashazar Hossein , Diskin Glenn S. , Edwards Eva-Lou , Kirschler Simon , Moore Richard H. , Robinson Claire E. , Schlosser Joseph S. , Shook Michael , Stahl Connor , Thornhill Kenneth L. , Voigt Christiane , Winstead Edward , Ziemba Luke D. , Sorooshian Armin
Published: February 2023

Correction for ‘Relationships between supermicrometer particle concentrations and cloud water sea salt and dust concentrations: analysis of MONARC and ACTIVATE data’ by Marisa E. Gonzalez et al., Environ. Sci.: Atmos., 2022, 2, 738–752, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EA00049K.
Co nanoparticles supported on mixed magnesium–lanthanum oxides: effect of calcium and barium addition on ammonia synthesis catalyst performance
Authors: Ronduda Hubert , Zybert Magdalena , Patkowski Wojciech , Moszyński Dariusz , Albrecht Aleksander , Sobczak Kamil , Małolepszy Artur , Raróg-Pilecka Wioletta
Published: February 2023

Ca- and Ba-doped Co/MgO–La2O3 ammonia synthesis catalysts: the location, state and effect of dopants on catalyst properties.
Semantics recalibration and detail enhancement network for real‐time semantic segmentation
Authors: Mi Aizhong , Gao Mingming , Huo Zhanqiang , Qiao Yingxu , Chen Jian , Jia Haiyang
Published: February 2023

Real‐time semantic segmentation is a crucial technology in automatic driving scenarios, which needs to meet both high precision and real‐time. The authors observe that learning complex correlations between object categories is vital in the real‐time semantic segmentation task. Moreover, image spatial detail information plays an important role in small object segmentation and preserving edges and textures. A Semantics Recalibration and Detail Enhancement Network for real‐time semantic segmentation based on BiSeNet V2 is proposed. On the one hand, a lightweight Semantics Recalibration module is designed to effectively extract global semantic contextual information, which combines pyramid segmentation and adaptive recalibration operations to learn the correlations between object categories. On the other hand, a Detail Enhancement module takes the feature maps of the shallow layers in the semantics branch as input and refines the feature maps to highlight the detail information. Finally, quantitative and qualitative analyses on Cityscapes and CamVid datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and generalisation of the proposed method.
Tie line fault ride‐through method of photovoltaic station based on cooperative strategy of energy storage, relay protection and photovoltaic inverters
Authors: Wei Chengzhi , Tu Chunming , Wen An , Song Weiwei
Published: February 2023

The fault of the tie line between the photovoltaic (PV) station and the grid is a serious fault for the PV station. It will cause the PV station to operate into an unintentional island. The uncontrolled Island voltage and frequency will inevitably lead to the disconnection of the inverter in the station. This situation will bring great losses to PV operators and impact to the power grid. In order to deal with the tie line fault, this paper analyzes the operation characteristics of PV stations in case of tie line fault firstly. Then a tie line fault ride‐through method based on cooperative strategy of small capacity energy storage (ES), relay protection and PV inverters is proposed. The islanding switching control strategies of PV and ES are designed respectively. The cooperative strategy of protection, PV controller and ES controller is formulated as well. The real‐time digital simulator (RTDS) closed‐loop test platform including line protection device, ES controller and PV controller is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Overview of battery energy storage systems readiness for digital twin of electric vehicles
Authors: Gilbert Zequera Rolando , Rassõlkin Anton , Vaimann Toomas , Kallaste Ants
Published: February 2023

The demand for energy is a relevant topic in the field of science and engineering, which has been discussed throughout the last years due to the challenges of climate change and environmental concerns around the world. Currently, electric vehicles (EVs) offer a source of mobility that emphasises the use of energy storage devices to reduce CO2 emissions. The growing development of advanced data analytics and the Internet of Things has driven the implementation of the Digital Twin (DT), all to improve efficiency in the build, design and operation of the system. Regarding the components of EVs, the batteries are considered as the most expensive elements to analyse according to the State of Health and the State of Charge, which lead to implement the most optimal models, along with a DT for battery systems. The present article provides a literature review about the current development trends of EVs' energy storage technologies, with their corresponding battery systems, which gives an overview to understand different type of models and to identify future challenges in the industrial sector. Additionally, a solid explanation of the DT focussed on battery systems for EVs is discussed, highlighting some study cases, characteristics, and technological opportunities.
Rôle émergent des astrocytes dans le contrôle des circuits neuronaux et des fonctions cérébrales modulés par l’ocytocine
Authors: Baudon Angel , Clauss Creusot Etienne , Charlet Alexandre
Published: February 2023

L’ocytocine est un neuropeptide au centre de l’attention des scientifiques depuis des décennies, en raison de ses effets puissants et pléiotropes tant sur le plan physiologique que sur l’activité des circuits neuronaux, modulant ainsi nos comportements. Jusqu’à une date récente, on pensait que l’action de l’ocytocine était induite exclusivement par l’activation directe de ses récepteurs neuronaux. Cependant, plusieurs études ont démontré l’existence et la pertinence fonctionnelle des récepteurs astrogliaux de l’ocytocine dans diverses régions du cerveau de la souris et du rat. La signalisation et l’activité astrocytaires sont essentielles à de nombreux processus physiologiques importants, notamment le métabolisme, l’élimination des neurotransmetteurs de la fente synaptique et les fonctions cérébrales intégrées. Bien que l’on puisse supposer que l’action de l’ocytocine sur les astrocytes facilite principalement la neuromodulationviala libération de gliotransmetteurs, le rôle précis des récepteurs astrocytaires de l’ocytocine reste difficile à cerner. Dans cette revue, nous discutons des dernières études sur l’interaction entre le système ocytocinergique et les astrocytes, et décrivons les cascades intracellulaires mises en jeu.
Stable discretizations and IETI-DP solvers for the Stokes system in multi-patch IgA
Authors: Sogn Jarle , Takacs Stefan
Published: February 2023

We are interested in a fast solver for the Stokes equations, discretized with multi-patch Isogeometric Analysis. In the last years, several inf-sup stable discretizations for the Stokes problem have been proposed, often the analysis was restricted to single-patch domains. We focus on one of the simplest approaches, the isogeometric Taylor–Hood element. We show how stability results for single-patch domains can be carried over to multi-patch domains. While this is possible, the stability strongly depends on the shape of the geometry. We construct a Dual-Primal Isogeometric Tearing and Interconnecting (IETI-DP) solver that does not suffer from that effect. We give a convergence analysis and provide numerical tests.
La maladie d’Addison chez le chien
Authors: Ménard Maud
Published: February 2023

Les signes cliniques observés lors de maladie d’Addison chez le chien sont très variables, allant d’une présentation clinique suraiguë (choc hypovolémique) à une situation plus chronique, caractérisée par des signes peu spécifiques et souvent intermittents. Dans la grande majorité des cas, un déficit en minéralocorticoïdes est associé au déficit en glucocorticoïdes. Le test de stimulation à l’ACTH reste l’examen diagnostique de choix. Le dosage de la cortisolémie basale peut être utilisé pour exclure la maladie. Lors de crise addisonienne, le traitement repose essentiellement sur une fluidothérapie adaptée. Une complémentation hormonale associant une supplémentation en glucocorticoïdes (prednisolone) et en minéralocorticoïdes (désoxycorticostérone pivalate ou fludrocortisone) doit être instaurée à vie. Un suivi régulier est nécessaire mais le pronostic est excellent si le traitement adéquat est mis en place.
La maladie d’Addison chez le chat
Authors: Lecot Lorris , Benchekroun Ghita
Published: February 2023

Ce cas illustre le diagnostic d’une maladie d’Addison chez un chat femelle stérilisée Scottish fold de 4,5 ans présentant un historique de dysorexie, d’abattement et d’amaigrissement évoluant depuis un mois dans un contexte d’azotémie et de diminution du rapport Na/K persistantes. L’hypocorticisme primaire est confirmé par une valeur d’ACTH (hormone adrénocorticotrope) endogène augmentée ainsi qu’un test de stimulation à l’ACTH documentant un hypocortisolisme et un hypoaldostéronisme. La prise en charge thérapeutique constituée d’une supplémentation en prednisolone et en DOCP (pivalate de désoxycortone) permet une amélioration des signes cliniques et des anomalies biologiques en moins de 5 jours. Ce cas illustre le défi diagnostique de l’hypocorticisme, très rarement rencontré chez le chat et mimant parfois des maladies beaucoup plus fréquentes dans cette espèce. Enfin, ce cas montre que le DOCP peut être utilisé avec succès en tant que supplémentation en minéralocorticoïdes lors de maladie d’Addison chez le chat.
Lung Cancer Resection after Immunochemotherapy Versus Chemotherapy in Oligometastatic Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Sponholz Stefan , Koch Agnes , Mese Mesut , Becker Silvan , Sebastian Martin , Fischer Sebastian , Trainer Stephan , Schreiner Waldemar
Published: February 2023

Background Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy is currently being tested in pivotal trials for stage I to III nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The impact of immunochemotherapy in patients with oligometastatic disease (OMD) remains undefined. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of radical treatment after the neoadjuvant course of immunochemotherapy versus chemotherapy.

Methods We retrospectively analyzed patients with OMD who were treated with immunochemotherapy or chemotherapy combined with local ablation of metastases and radical primary tumor resection between 2017 and 2021. Group A included eight patients with immunochemotherapy; Group B included seven patients with chemotherapy. Descriptive statistical analysis included the characteristics of the patients, tumors, and outcomes.

Results There was no difference in postoperative morbidity rates between the groups (p = 0.626). The 30-day mortality in both groups was 0%. The median overall survival for Group A was not reached, with a median follow-up time of 25 (range: 13–35) months; the median overall survival for Group B was 26 (range: 5–53) months. In Group A, all patients remained alive; in contrast, in Group B, four patients died (p = 0.026). There was no local thoracic recurrence in either group. In Group B, the recurrent disease was identified significantly more often (12.5 vs. 85.75%; p = 0.009). The rates of complete and major pathologic response were 37.5 and 0% in Group A and 42.85 and 14.25% in Group B, respectively.

Conclusion Despite the small patient number and short-term results, the progression-free and overall survival in patients with OMD after local therapy for metastases and primary tumor resection following a neoadjuvant course of immunochemotherapy might be promising compared with chemotherapy.
Conservative Treatment of Ulnar Nerve Compression at the Elbow: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Natroshvili Tinatin , van de Warenburg Milly S. , Heine Erwin P. , Slater Nicholas J. , Walbeehm Erik T. , Bartels Ronald H. M. A.
Published: February 2023

Background The clinical results of conservative treatment options for ulnar compression at the elbow have not been clearly determined. The aim of this review was to evaluate available conservative treatment options and their effectiveness for ulnar nerve compression at the elbow.

Methods In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations, a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies was performed. Literature search was performed using Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL).

Results Of the 1,079 retrieved studies, 20 were eligible for analysis and included 687 cases of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. Improvement of symptoms was reported in 54% of the cases receiving a steroid/lidocaine injection (95% confidence interval [CI], 41–67) and in 89% of the cases using a splint device (95% CI, 69–99).

Conclusions Conservative management seems to be effective. Both lidocaine/steroid injections and splint devices gave a statistically significant improvement of symptoms and are suitable options for patients who refuse an operative procedure or need a bridge to their surgery. Splinting is preferred over injections, as it shows a higher rate of improvement.
Vascularized Bone Graft Reconstruction for Upper Extremity Defects: A Review
Authors: Chappell Ava G. , Ramsey Matthew D. , Dabestani Parinaz J. , Ko Jason H.
Published: February 2023

Upper extremity reconstruction may pose clinical challenges for surgeons due to the often-critical, complex functional demands of the damaged and/or missing structures. The advent of vascularized bone grafts (VBGs) has aided in reconstruction of upper extremity (UE) defects due to their superior regenerative properties compared with nonvascularized bone grafts, ability to reconstruct large bony defects, and multiple donor site options. VBGs may be pedicled or free transfers and have the potential for composite tissue transfers when bone and soft tissue are needed. This article provides a comprehensive up-to-date review of VBGs, the commonly reported donor sites, and their indications for the treatment of specific UE defects.
Out of sight, but not out of mind: A Middle Dutch religious allegory as guide towards the absent Christ
Authors: Smits Lieke
Published: February 2023

The Daughter Zion allegory has previously been interpreted as a failed allegory for mystical union, both because it relies on personification allegory and because some versions do not actually portray intimate union between the soul and God. Focusing on the Middle Dutch incunableVander dochtere van syon een deuoet exercitie(A Devout Exercise on the Daughter of Zion), printed by Gheraert Leeu in 1492, I will offer a different interpretation that is based on what the narrative does, rather than on what it does not do. By creating complex characters with inner lives and by fuelling speculation about their motivations, the text creates potent candidates for an intense, mediated relationship with the divine that is similar to parasocial relationships with fictional characters. The text helps the (likely female) reader to develop the devotional skills that will aid her in her spiritual progress.
Reconfigurable 2D-ferroelectric platform for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Zhai Yongbiao , Xie Peng , Hu Jiahui , Chen Xue , Feng Zihao , Lv Ziyu , Ding Guanglong , Zhou Kui , Zhou Ye , Han Su-Ting
Published: February 2023

To meet the requirement of data-intensive computing in the data-explosive era, brain-inspired neuromorphic computing have been widely investigated for the last decade. However, incompatible preparation processes severely hinder the cointegration of synaptic and neuronal devices in a single chip, which limited the energy-efficiency and scalability. Therefore, developing a reconfigurable device including synaptic and neuronal functions in a single chip with same homotypic materials and structures is highly desired. Based on the room-temperature out-of-plane and in-plane intercorrelated polarization effect of 2D α-In2Se3, we designed a reconfigurable hardware platform, which can switch from continuously modulated conductance for emulating synapse to spiking behavior for mimicking neuron. More crucially, we demonstrate the application of such proof-of-concept reconfigurable 2D ferroelectric devices on a spiking neural network with an accuracy of 95.8% and self-adaptive grow-when required network with an accuracy of 85% by dynamically shrinking its nodes by 72%, which exhibits more powerful learning ability and efficiency than the static neural network.
Sawtooth head helical magnetic robots to improve drilling performance for robotic endovascular intervention
Authors: Sa J. , Kwon J. , Jang G.
Published: February 2023

Helical magnetic robots driven by an external magnetic field have been extensively studied for robotic endovascular intervention to treat occlusive vascular disease. Most previous researchers have utilized cone-shaped head helical magnetic robots (CHMRs) with helical blades for thrombus drilling. However, the CHMR may become stuck in the thrombus or drilling performance may be significantly reduced after the cone-shape head enters the thrombus. We propose a sawtooth head helical magnetic robot (SHMR) to improve drilling performance. Furthermore, the pitch length of the SHMR was optimized experimentally. Finally, improved drilling performance of the SHMR compared to CHMR was verified by in vitro drilling experiments with a pseudo thrombus containing 0.8 wt. %, 1.0 wt. %, and 1.2 wt. % agar.
Reconfigurable and reusable skyrmion logic gates with circular track
Authors: Yang Liu , Li Wendi , Tao Ying , Dong Kaifeng , Jin Fang , Li Huihui
Published: February 2023

Magnetic skyrmion, a nano-sized spin texture with topological property, have the potential to develop high-density, low-power, and multifunctional spintronic devices. To realize the reconfiguration of a single logic device and the implementation of the complete logic functions, a new reconfigurable and reusable skyrmion logic is proposed and verified by micromagnetic simulation. Logic functions including AND, OR, NOT, NAND and NOR are realized in ferromagnetic (FM) nanotrack by skyrmion-edge repulsions and the voltage control of magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect. The working state of the potential well can be controlled by the link of the input signals, thus changing the function type. In addition, through reusing skyrmion in circular track, the energy required for creation and deletion is reduced. This work can provide guidance for the design and optimization of reconfigurable and reusable logic devices with circular track based on skyrmion.
Magnetic properties of LaFe2−xCoxSi: A new two-phase naturally formed composite alloy
Authors: Kramer N. , Provino A. , Hanley C. , Kubiak C. , Pathak A. K.
Published: February 2023

We report the effect of Fe by Co substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of the two-phase “composite” alloy LaFe2−xCoxSi as prepared by the suction casting technique. This alloy contains LaFe13−x−yCoxSiy (cubic NaZn13-type) and LaFe1−xCoxSi (tetragonal CeFeSi-type) as constituents, with a compositional ratio between the two phases of ≈40 wt. % NaZn13-type and ≈60 wt. % CeFeSi-type; this ratio remains relatively the same for all the compositions investigated despite the Co content. As expected, while the Co-doping in LaFe2−xCoxSi increases the Curie temperature from 199 K (at H = 20 kOe) and 215 K (at H = 50 kOe) for the pure LaFe2Si, to 274 K (at H = 20 kOe) and 277 K (at H = 50 kOe) for the Co substituted LaFe1.7Co0.3Si alloy, it has the opposite effect on the magnetocaloric effect, reported in terms of the magnetic entropy change (ΔSM), which decreases with increasing the Co content. The full width at the half-maximum value of magnetic entropy changes also increases significantly with Co doping going from 14 K (at H = 20 kOe) in the pure LaFe2Si alloy to 46 K (at H = 20 kOe) in the Co-doped LaFe2−xCoxSi. The magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of LaFe2−xCoxSi alloys for x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 are discussed in this article.
Different approaches make comparing studies of burn severity challenging: a review of methods used to link remotely sensed data with the Composite Burn Index
Authors: Miller Colton W. , Harvey Brian J. , Kane Van R. , Moskal L. Monika , Alvarado Ernesto
Published: February 2023

The Composite Burn Index (CBI) is commonly linked to remotely sensed data to understand spatial and temporal patterns of burn severity. However, a comprehensive understanding of the tradeoffs between different methods used to model CBI with remotely sensed data is lacking. To help understand the current state of the science, provide a blueprint towards conducting broad-scale meta-analyses, and identify key decision points and potential rationale, we conducted a review of studies that linked remotely sensed data to continuous estimates of burn severity measured with the CBI and related methods. We provide a roadmap of the different methodologies applied and examine potential rationales used to justify them. Our findings largely reflect methods applied in North America – particularly in the western USA – due to the high number of studies in that region. We find the use of different methods across studies introduces variations that make it difficult to compare outcomes. Additionally, the existing suite of comparative studies focuses on one or few of many possible sources of uncertainty. Thus, compounding error and propagation throughout the many decisions made during analysis is not well understood. Finally, we suggest a broad set of methodological information and key rationales for decision-making that could facilitate future reviews.
Defaunation and species introductions alter long-term functional trait diversity in insular reptiles
Authors: Kemp Melissa E.
Published: February 2023

Biodiversity loss poses a major threat to ecosystem function, which has already been severely impacted by global late-Quaternary defaunation. The loss of mammalian megafauna from many insular systems has rendered reptiles into key modulators of many ecosystem services, such as seed dispersal and pollination. How late-Quaternary extinction events impacted reptile functional diversity remains unclear but can provide critical guidance on traits that render reptiles vulnerable to extinction, as well as anthropogenic, environmental, and evolutionary histories that may promote stability and resilience. This study reconstructs the trajectory of functional diversity change in the Caribbean reptile fauna, a speciose biota distributed over a diverse set of islands with heterogeneous histories of human habitation and exploitation. Human-induced Quaternary extinctions have completely removed key functional entities (FEs)—groupings of species with similar traits that are expected to provide similar ecosystem services—from the region, but functional redundancy on large islands served as a buffer to major functional diversity loss. Small islands, on the other hand, lose up to 67% of their native FEs with only a few exceptions, underscoring the importance of a place’s anthropogenic history in shaping present-day biodiversity. While functional redundancy has shielded ecosystems from significant functional diversity loss in the past, it is being eroded and not replenished by species introductions, leaving many native FEs and the communities that they support vulnerable to extinction and functional collapse. This research provides critical data on long-term functional diversity loss for a taxonomic group whose contributions to ecosystem function are understudied and undervalued.
A multifaceted approach to understanding unexpected sound change
Authors: Rangelov Tihomir , Walworth Mary , Barbour Julie
Published: February 2023

This paper demonstrates that unexpected sound changes are best explained by an approach that accounts for
different motivations: phonetic, structural and social. Here, we focus on a multifaceted investigation of the cross-linguistically
uncommon bilabial trills to show the complex interaction between different drivers of sound change. In this paper, we highlight
and examine the prenasalized voiced bilabial trill
mʙ and plain voiceless bilabial trill
p
[ʙ̥] found in a
number of Oceanic languages spoken on Malekula Island in Vanuatu. We offer a comparative-historical analysis, and we identify the
various forces that have led to the emergence and persistence of
mʙ and
p
in Malekula languages: the
historical articulatory environments, the particular make-up of the consonant inventories of these languages, complementary sound
changes and phonological processes, contact with non-Austronesian languages, and in-group identity attachment. Furthermore, we
offer a hypothesis for the relative timing of these factors on the historical pathway of Malekula’s bilabial trills.
Multiple band gaps of two-dimensional elastic metamaterials with self-similar hierarchy
Authors: Li Qi , Yuan Haichao , Sun Xiaomei , Xiao Zifei
Published: February 2023

Elastic metamaterials with band gaps can block the transmission of elastodynamic waves and have wide applications in life and industry. Wide band gaps and low-frequency band gaps are the two goals of research on elastic metamaterials with band gaps. In this study, two models of two-dimensional elastic metamaterials with self-similar hierarchies were designed. The models were obtained by replacing the arms in the unit cell with composite structures. There is a wide band gap and low-frequency band gap for each unit cell with second-order replacement. The influence of the geometric dimensions of the arms on the properties of the band gaps was also studied. The properties of the band gaps can be altered by changing the arm dimensions. Vibration analyses based on the finite element method (FEM) were conducted for materials with improved unit cells to verify the existence of band gaps. Metamaterials can be applied in many cases to reduce or isolate noise and vibrations.
Swarm formation as backward diffusion
Authors: Reynolds Andy M , Ouellette Nicholas T
Published: February 2023

Considerable progress has been made in understanding insect swarms—forms of collective animal behaviour that unlike bird flocks, fish schools and animal herds do not possess global order. Nonetheless, little is known about swarm formation. Here we posit a mechanism for the formation of insect swarms that is consistent with recent empirical observations reported by (Patel and Ouellette 2022). It correctly predicts new features of swarm formation that have not been reported on previously. Our simple analytically tractable model shows how harmonic potential wells, a characteristic feature of swarming, and so swarm cohesion, arise from diffusion and local fission-fusion dynamics and how, in accord with observations, these wells deepen over time. The overall form of these potential wells is predicted to depend on the number and spatial distribution of all individuals, making them manifestly a collective phenomenon. Finally, swarms are predicted to ‘cool’ (that is, condense) as they form.
Reconstruction and functionalization of aerogels by controlling mesoscopic nucleation to greatly enhance macroscopic performance
Authors: Jiao Chen-Lu , Shao Guang-Wei , Chen Yu-Yue , Liu Xiang-Yang
Published: February 2023

This work presents a strategy for the mesoscopic engineering of hierarchically structured sodium alginate (SA) aerogels to enhance the macroscopic performance. The strategy was implemented by meso-functionalizing and reorganizing SA aerogels via controlled heterogeneous nucleation, in which microcrystalline cellulose-manganese dioxide (MCC-MnO2) nano-crystallites worked as template. Due to the short rod-like structure and abundant hydroxyl groups of MCC-MnO2, the organized mesostructure of SA aerogels was reconstructed during the assembly of SA molecule chains, which gave rise to a significant enhancement in macroscopic performance of SA areogels. For instance, the functionalized and reconstructed MCC-MnO2/SA aerogels acquired a more than 70% increase in mechanical strength with an excellent deformation recovery. Furthermore, an almost double enhancement of removal capacity for metal ions (i.e., Cu2+ and Pb2+) and organic dyes (i.e., congo red and methylene blue) was obtained for MnO2/SA aerogels, with an 87% repossession of the pollutants removal performance after 5 operation cycles.
Recent progress on the planar Hall effect in quantum materials
Authors: Zhong Jingyuan , Zhuang Jincheng , Du Yi
Published: February 2023

The planar Hall effect (PHE), which originates from anisotropic magnetoresistance, presents a qualitative and simple approach to characterize electronic structures of quantum materials by applying an in-plane rotating magnetic field to induce identical oscillations in both longitudinal and transverse resistances. In this review, we focus on the recent research on the PHE in various quantum materials, including ferromagnetic materials, topological insulators, Weyl semimetals, and orbital anisotropic matters. Firstly, we briefly introduce the family of Hall effect and give a basic deduction of PHE formula with the second-order resistance tensor, showing the mechanism of the characteristic π-period oscillation in trigonometric function form with a π/4 phase delay between the longitudinal and transverse resistances. Then, we will introduce the four main mechanisms to realize PHE in quantum materials. After that, the origin of the anomalous planar Hall effect (APHE) results, of which the curve shapes deviate from that of PHE, will be reviewed and discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects for this field of study are discussed.
Distributed dynamic event-based finite-time dissipative synchronization control for semi-Markov switched fuzzy cyber-physical systems against random packet losses
Authors: Wu 伍 Xiru 锡如 , Zhang 张 Yuchong 煜翀 , Zhang 张 Tiantian 畑畑 , Zhang 张 Binlei 斌磊
Published: February 2023

This paper is concerned with the finite-time dissipative synchronization control problem of semi-Markov switched cyber-physical systems in the presence of packet losses, which is constructed by the Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model. To save the network communication burden, a distributed dynamic event-triggered mechanism is developed to restrain the information update. Besides, random packet dropouts following the Bernoulli distribution are assumed to occur in sensor to controller channels, where the triggered control input is analyzed via an equivalent method containing a new stochastic variable. By establishing the mode-dependent Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional with augmented terms, the finite-time boundness of the error system limited to strict dissipativity is studied. As a result of the help of an extended reciprocally convex matrix inequality technique, less conservative criteria in terms of linear matrix inequalities are deduced to calculate the desired control gains. Finally, two examples in regard to practical systems are provided to display the effectiveness of the proposed theory.
Interaction solutions for the second extended (3+1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation
Authors: Ma Hongcai , Mao Xue , Deng Aiping
Published: February 2023

Based on the Hirota bilinear method, the second extended (3+1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation is established. By Maple symbolic calculation, lump and lump-kink soliton solutions are obtained. The interaction solutions between the lump and multi-kink soliton, and the interaction between the lump and triangular periodic soliton are derived by combining a multi-exponential function or trigonometric sine and cosine functions with quadratic functions. Furthermore, periodic-lump wave solution is derived via the ansatz including hyperbolic and trigonometric functions. Finally, 3D plots, 2D curves, density plots, and contour plots with particular choices of the suitable parameters are depicted to illustrate the dynamical features of these solutions.
Anisotropic strange quark star in Finch-Skea geometry and its maximum mass for non-zero strange quark mass (m

s
≠ 0)*
Authors: Das B. , Goswami K. B. , Saha A. , Chattopadhyay P. K.
Published: February 2023

A class of relativistic astrophysical compact objects is analyzed in the modified Finch-Skea geometry described by the MIT bag model equation of state of interior matter,

, where B is known as the bag constant. B plays an important role in determining the physical features and structure of strange stars. We consider the finite mass of the strange quark (

) and study its effects on the stability of quark matter inside a star. We note that the inclusion of strange quark mass affects the gross properties of the stellar configuration, such as maximum mass, surface red-shift, and the radius of strange quark stars. To apply our model physically, we consider three compact objects, namely, (i) VELA X-1, (ii) 4U 1820-30, and (iii) PSR J 1903+327, which are thought to be strange stars. The range of B is restricted from 57.55 to

(

), for which strange matter might be stable relative to iron (

). However, we also observe that metastable and unstable strange matter depend on B and

. All energy conditions hold well in this approach. Stability in terms of the Lagrangian perturbation of radial pressure is studied in this paper.
Pre-neutron fragment mass yields for 235U(n, f ) and 239Pu(n, f ) reactions at incident energies from thermal up to 20 MeV*
Authors: Zou Fanglei , Sun Xiaojun , Zhang Kai , Chen Hongfei , Yan Jie , Tian Junlong , Cui Yunyi
Published: February 2023

Pre-neutron fragment mass yields in the vicinity of the thermal neutron energy are highly important for applications because of the larger fission cross sections of the

U(n, f) and

Pu(n, f) reactions. In this paper, pre-neutron fragment mass yields at incident energies from thermal up to 20 MeV are systematically studied using an empirical fission potential (EFP) model, the potential parameters of which are obtained from the measured data. The energy dependences of the peaks and valleys of the pre-neutron fragment mass yields are described by exponential and linear functions for the

U(n, f) and

Pu(n, f) reactions, respectively. The energy dependences of the evaporation neutrons, which play a crucial role in the reasonable description of pre-neutron fragment mass yields, are also obtained from the fission cross sections. The pre-neutron fragment mass yields in this study are not only consistent with the results of previous studies in regions of several MeVs but also agree well with existing measured data at incident energies from thermal up to 20 MeV. The results show that the feasibility of this EFP model is verified in this extended energy region.
AstroSat Observations of the Be/X-Ray Binary XTE J1946+274 During 2018 and 2021 Outbursts
Authors: Deo Chandra Amar , Roy Jayashree , Agrawal P. C.
Published: February 2023

We present the timing and spectral studies of the Be/X-ray binary XTE J1946+274 during its 2018 and 2021 giant outbursts using observations with the SXT and LAXPC instruments on the AstroSat satellite. Unlike the 1998 and 2010 outbursts, where a giant outburst was followed by several low intensity periodic outbursts, the 2018 and 2021 outbursts were single outbursts. The X-ray pulsations are detected over a broad energy band covering 0.5–80 keV from the compact object. We construct the spin evolution history of the pulsar over two decades and find that the pulsar spins-up during the outbursts but switches to spin-down state in the quiescent periods between the outbursts. Energy resolved pulse profiles generated in several bands in 0.5–80 keV show that the pulse shape varies with the energy. The energy spectrum of the pulsar is determined for the 2018 and 2021 outbursts. The best fit spectral models require presence of cyclotron resonant scattering feature at about 43 keV in the energy spectra of both the outbursts. We find indication of possible reversal in the correlation between the cyclotron line energy and luminosity which needs to be ascertained from future observations. Using the best fit spectra the X-ray luminosity of XTE J1946+274 is inferred to be 2.7 × 1037 erg s−1 for the 2018 observations and 2.3 × 1037 erg s−1 for the 2021 observations. We discuss possible mechanisms which can drive outbursts in this transient Be X-ray binary.