bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can Ethical Certification Prevent Food Fraud?
Authors: Lindley Jade , Bongiovanni Hannah , Eastwood Dominique
Published: March 2023

Ethical, sustainable, social and environmental certification organisations exist as a means to ensure various trade standards are met; protect and empower small-scale producers in developing countries; and enable consumers to use their purchasing power to effect positive change. Consumers who trust in these labels accordingly pay a premium for it, though as is the case with all food, crime may infiltrate the supply chain and undermine the value of the certification label. Research shows that crimes such as modern slavery and child labour, use of banned pesticides, corruption, and food mislabelling have all been linked to certified foods – and regulation and traditional enforcement over these crimes may be limited or absent. The existence of these crimes undermines the certification process, purpose, validity and legitimacy and may render the label fraudulent. However, standards set by certification organisations operate as a form of regulation, despite being universally inconsistent and voluntary. Implicit or explicit tolerance for these crimes also denies injury committed against the consumer. As such, from the perspective of food fraud, this research suggests that through their standards setting, certification organisations may provide a layer of regulation and enforcement, contributing to the prevention of food fraud for certified ethically labelled food.
Editors' Introduction to Vol. 7, Issue 3
Authors: Donnermeyer Joseph F. , Harkness Alistair
Published: March 2023

No abstract available.
Sociolinguistic dimensions of dialect space of Ukraine and Poland
Authors: Medynska Nataliia , Grytsenko Svitlana , Tyshchenko Tetiana , Kyslyak Lesya , Kovalenko Borys
Published: March 2023

The aim of the research is to analyse the use of lexical, grammatical and morphological dialectisms-Polonisms in speech by the inhabitants of Nadsanie in various spheres of life (family, household, business, and education). The research involved the following general scientific and sociolinguistic methods: diagnostic (questionnaire), discursive, and intentional methods; the statistical method—mathematical processing of data obtained during the experiment; and the descriptive method—description and recording of the results. The following results were found through the application of the said methods for the analysis of respondents’ answers. Hence, the use of lexical, grammatical and morphological dialects tends to gradually decrease in older and middle age groups, the actual disappearance among young people. Given the socio-historical situation of modern Ukraine, sociolinguistic study of dialectisms-Polonisms showed how the independence of their own state contributes to the development of their own ethnographic dialectisms, as well as the gradual decline and disappearance of other languages. Further research involves the study of dialectisms-Polonisms in other territories of Western Ukraine and the areas which are close to the Polish border. The studies of other groups of dialectisms-Polonisms (in particular, phonetic and syntactic) and the elements of dialectisms-Ukrainianisms in the Polish language are also promising.
Hypoglycemia in breastfed neonates: a hospital-based study
Authors: Chakraborty Abhishek , Monika Deb
Published: March 2023

Background: Neonates has well-coordinated adaptation system which maintains the blood sugar at certain safe level in extra uterine life. However certain intrauterine risk factors alter this adaptation system leading to hypoglycemia in early post-natal period. Most of the time hypoglycemic episodes are transient but sometimes there may be recurrent or prolonged hypoglycemia leading to permanent insult in brain and neurological deficit in post-natal life. Aims and objective of the study was to find out incidence of hypoglycemia in exclusively breastfeed neonates and the risk factors associated with this in the post-natal ward of a tertiary care centre in North-East India.
Methods: This is a prospective study conducted for a period of six month, where 112 exclusively breastfeed neonates who were shifted immediately to post-natal ward were included. Capillary blood sugar was checked at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours of life. Neonates with capillary blood glucose less than 40 were considered hypoglycemic. All the hypoglycemic babies were extensively evaluated for different intrauterine and post-natal risk factors.
Results: Incidence of hypoglycemia was 16% (18 out of 112 babies). Significant numbers (30.5%) of LBW babies had hypoglycemia, where as 6.5% of normal birth weight babies had hypoglycemia. 38.8% of preterm babies had hypoglycemia where as 11.95% of term babies had hypoglycemic episodes. 71.4% (5 out of 7 babies) of neonates born from diabetic mother. All the large for date infants of diabetic mother had hypoglycemia.
Conclusions: Our study came to a conclusion that incidence of hypoglycemia is not very uncommon finding in exclusively breastfeed neonates especially those with risk factors. Routine capillary blood glucose screening is utmost important to pick up the babies with hypoglycemia to prevent immediate and long-term complication.
Adrenal haemorrhage in new born presenting as severe neonatal jaundice
Authors: Sushil Singla  , Raavi Yaswanth Chowdhary , Harmeet Kaur Sodhi  , Vishal Sreenivasan
Published: March 2023

Neonatal adrenal haemorrhage is a relatively uncommon. Most often associated with difficult labour, birth trauma, hypoxia, sepsis. Clinical manifestations may vary from asymptomatic to life threatening Addisonian crisis. We present a case of right subacute adrenal hematoma confirmed on MRI abdomen. Risk factor being birth asphyxia. He presented with neonatal jaundice and was managed successfully by conservative methods. Treatment depends on the clinical features and severity. Most of the cases are asymptomatic and managed conservatively. Infants with acute haemorrhage might need urgent blood transfusion. Laparotomy is indicated when haemorrhage seems to be continuing, especially when the exact site of haemorrhage is in doubt. Adrenal haemorrhage usually takes 3 weeks to 6 months to resolve completely. Our case was clinically and hemodynamically stable, so he was managed conservatively and discharged after a week. This case emphasizes the importance high degree of suspicion in evaluation of neonate presented with late onset jaundice and importance of ultrasonography in diagnosis and conservative management.
Comparison and evaluation of efficacy of olfactory and taste distraction in managing anxious pediatric patients during radiovisiography
Authors: Khan Anam Khushboo , Kalra Gauri , Saraf Bhavna Gupta , Sheoran Neha , Kakkar Tanya , Lakhanpal Pallavi
Published: March 2023

Due to dental anxiety & fear, young children tend to be more anxious even at the times of basic clinical examination and investigative procedures such as taking IOPAs, however, with the advent of RVGs, taking X-rays have become less cumbersome.

A study was planned for comparison and evaluation of olfactory distraction utilizing aromatherapy, taste distraction and conventional method (Tell-Show-Do) in managing fearful children aged 4-7 years during radiovisiography (RVG).

A total of 45 children (4-7 years old) were included and 3 groups (15 each) were formed and radiographs were taken with the help of RVG (radiovisigraphy) under aromatherapy, with taste distraction and using control- Tell Show Do technique. Pre- and Post- anxiety scores were measured using physiological measures- pulse and respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and Venham’s picture test. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21, IBM Inc, was used for statistical analysis.

Both the test groups (aromatherapy and taste distraction group) when compared with control group, exhibited noteworthy post-treatment variation in anxiety level scores. No statistical significance was seen amongst taste distraction and aromatherapy group, although aromatherapy exhibited superior results in comparison to taste distraction.

Both taste distraction using lollipop/candy and aromatherapy employing lavender essential oil are efficacious in management of anxiety among children, however aromatherapy unveils a better result in comparison. To conclude, a combination or individual use of less invasive techniques may be executed effectively in handling pediatric dental patients.
Synergistic Anti-Cancer Effects of Second-Generation Proteasome Inhibitor Carfilzomib with Doxorubicin and Dexamethasone Via p53-Mediated Apoptosis in Pre-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells
Authors: Amini Ali , Faranoush Mohammad , Paridar Mostafa , Kazemi Ahmad , Rezvani Mohammad Reza , Safa Majid
Published: March 2023

Background: The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a crucial role in regulating the levels and functions of a large number of proteins in the cell, which are important for cancer cell growth and survival. The proteasome is highly activated in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), which is the most common malignancy in children. The attempt to inhibit proteasome as a therapeutic strategy has been successful for some malignancies.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, human BCP-ALL cell lines NALM-6 and SUP-B15 were treated with carfilzomib with and without the chemotherapeutic agents. The XTT assay evaluated the viability of the cells. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assay were assessed by flow cytometry. RQ-PCR and western blotting evaluated the expression of pro-/anti-apoptotic signals. A drug combination study for synergistic or additive effects of carfilzomib with doxorubicin or dexamethasone was performed.
Results: We observed that carfilzomib alone induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis in the human BCP-ALL cells (NALM-6 and SUP-B15). Gene and protein expression analysis indicated the upregulation of pro-apoptotic as well as downregulation of the cell survival and proliferative signals (P-value<0.05). The synergy of carfilzomib with doxorubicin or dexamethasone was revealed in BCP-ALL cells.
Conclusion: Our results indicated that proteasome inhibition induces p53-mediated apoptosis in BCP-ALL cells. Since carfilzomib has a synergistic effect with anti-leukemic agents doxorubicin and dexamethasone in BCP-ALL cells, this combined-modality approach might be befitting for patients who do not respond well to conventional chemotherapy.
CAR T-cell Therapy of Hematologic Malignancies: An Update in Targeted Antigens
Authors: Sadeqi Nezhad Muhammad , Rajabzadeh Alireza , Dehghani Firoozabadi Ali
Published: March 2023

Immunotherapy with genetically engineered T-cells that express the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has raised hopes for the treatment of pediatric malignancies. Although CAR T-cell development is on a fast-moving pace and evolution, the context of exploring novel targetable antigens has been neglected. In this review study, we analyze the prominent hematologic antigens targeted by engineered T-cells in both preclinical and clinical aspects. Furthermore, we discuss the outcomes of CAR-based therapy in hematologic cancers from different viewpoints of treatment and provide some critical features for additional considerations.  Almost certainly, most of the engineered T-cells redirected against hematologic disorders aim at conventional target antigens rather than targeting an ideal target antigen that is exclusively expressed on cancerous cells and restricted to normal tissues. CAR-based clinical trials in hematologic cancers have often dealt with CD19, followed by BCMA, CD22, and CD20 antigens. Besides, most of the scFvs used in the CAR structure are derived from murine antibodies, which may raise the concern about immunogenicity by reducing the persistence of modified T-cells. Nevertheless, short- and long-term life-threatening toxicities and the development of escape mechanisms that result in resistance and antigen loss are not thoroughly understood yet. The ultimate goal of using modified CAR T-cells is to make them effective and curative. Therefore, a better understanding of all the features pertaining to target antigens is imperative. Also, the methods to identify candidate target antigens and manage the associated obstacles of CAR T-cells should be evaluated and prioritized.
Mineral Contents of Some Canned, Jarred, and Packaged Foods Commonly Consumed in South-East Nigeria
Authors: Ekeanyanwu R.C. , Agomo S.O. , Nkwocha C.C.
Published: March 2023

Background: Minerals are required for human body to function properly. The purpose of this study was to find if these canned, jarred, and packaged foods are a good source of sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) in Nigerian diets.
Methods: Totally, 188 samples of canned, packaged, and jarred foods were collected from malls, local markets, and street vendors; and then they were divided into eight food groups. After microwave-assisted digestion; the Na, K, Ca, and Mg contents of canned, packaged, and jarred foods commonly consumed in South-East Nigeria were determined using micro-sampling Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The results obtained were subjected to ordinary statistical analysis and presented as box plots. All statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20 software.
Results: Ca was the most abundant micronutrient in all samples, reaching levels above 0.7 g/100 g in the milk and milk products group, followed by Mg at levels above 0.2 g/100 g. Na was the scarcest micronutrient with levels ranging from 0.040 to 0.065 g/100 g across food groups. K level also varied reaching levels above 0.070 g/100 g in the beverages (alcoholic and non-alcoholic). The mean concentration (g/100 g) of Ca (0.782±0.313) and Mg (0.202±0.044) in milk and milk products were within the national reference standard by National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control for such micronutrients. However, the Na, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations of the various food groups were all lower than the international standards.
Conclusion: It is concluded that some efforts are necessary to improve the nutritional quality of canned, jarred, and packaged foods distributed in Nigeria.
Effect of Exercise and Insulin Signaling on Glucose Transporter Type 4 in Skeletal Muscles: A narrative review
Authors: Ghalavand Akbar , Rahmani Ghobadi Marya
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) is a membrane glucose transporter that is influenced by insulin signaling and muscle contraction. The aim of the present study was to review the function of GLUT4 in normal conditions and insulin resistance, as well as the role of exercise training on the kinetics of GLUT4 in skeletal muscles. In the present study, by searching for sports keywords; exercise; sports adaptations; glucose transporter; absorption of glucose; glucose transporter type 4; type 2 diabetes; insulin signaling; and insulin resistance was searched from electronic databases of related articles until November 2022 and entered into the study.
Conclusion: Due to the pathological factors of type 2 diabetes, skeletal muscles are disturbed in the delivery, absorption, and metabolism of glucose; pathological disorders of muscle tissue affect insulin signaling and the quantity and function of GLUT4. In the present review, it was found that an exercise training session initiated the GLUT4 gene expression and protein production and its transfer from intracellular stores to sarcolemma; this effect of local exercise was related to muscle contraction. GLUT4 gene and protein expression increased in response to regular exercise and led to an increase in the total level of GLUT4 protein in skeletal muscles; furthermore, regular exercise has improve insulin signaling and, as a result, improved muscle efficiency for blood glucose collection. Considering the role of physical activity on muscle function in blood glucose collection, one of the treatment goals in type 2 diabetes is maintaining muscle mass, increasing muscle mass and also increasing muscle function (muscle quality).
Effect of Methanolic Extract of Cassia Fistula to Prevent Erythrocyte Sickling
Authors: Heidari Nazanin , Rezaei Mofrad Parisa , Jalali Far Mohammad Ali , Jalali Mohammad Taha
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Due to the pathophysiology of Sickle cell disease (SCD), several treatment strategies have been reviewed so far. One of the strategies is anti-sickling factors. This study was performed to determine the effect of methanolic extract of Cassia Fistula fruit on sickle cell sickling in vitro.
Methods: In this laboratory study, 25 people with sickle cell trait (SCT) ranging in age from 3 to 27 years, and 5 healthy people (as a control) participated. Methanolic extract of Cassia Fistula fruit was obtained by maceration using vacuum distillation (rotary evaporator). Samples with sickle cell trait were examined for sickle cell before and after extract interference, in hypoxic condition. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software version16.
Results: In this study, 64% of the participants were male and 36% were female.  Sickling rates in 1:50, 1: 100 and 1: 200 dilutions were 24%, 37.8% and 46.1%, respectively. According to Wilcoxon Test, the rate of sickling in 1: 2 to 1: 100 dilutions was significantly reduced, relative to pre-interference conditions (P <0.05).
Conclusion: In the present study, it was shown that the methanolic extract of Cassia Fistula plant can prevent erythrocyte sickling in vitro, even with a dilution of 1: 100. According to previous studies, this plant has various therapeutic uses and is non-toxic. Therefore, this extract can be further studied in clinical and in vivo conditions as a useful and cost-effective therapeutic drug.
Genetic Association between ITPKC rs28493229 Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Kawasaki Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dastgheib Seyed Alireza , Asadian Fatemeh , Tahooni Azadeh , Bahrami Reza , Noorishadkam Mahmood , Mirjalili Seyed Reza , Neamatzadeh Hossein
Published: March 2023

Background: Studies investigating the association between ITPKC rs28493229 polymorphisms and Kawasaki disease (KD) risk found inconsistent data. Thus, we performed this meta-analysis to combine and analyze the available studies to get a precise estimation of the association.
Methods: Relevant studies identified in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and CNKI databases were used to perform a meta-analysis. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated under fixed- and random-effects models to appraise the association.
Results: A total of eight case-control studies with 2,721 KD cases and 5,307 controls were selected. The results showed a statistically significant association between ITPKC rs28493229 polymorphism and an increased risk of KD under all five genetic models, i.e., allele (C vs. G: OR = 1.434, 95% CI 1.209-1.700, P ≤ 0.001), homozygote (CC vs. GG: OR = 2.085, 95% CI 1.423-3.055, P ≤ 0.001), heterozygote (CG vs. GG: OR = 1.530, 95% CI 1.359-1.722, P ≤ 0.001), dominant (CC+CG vs. GG: OR = 1.490, 95% CI 1.229-1.806, P ≤ 0.001), and recessive (CC vs. CG + GG: OR = 1.799, 95% CI 1.231-2.629, P = 0.002) in the overall population. When stratified by country, there was a significant association among Taiwanese.
Conclusion: Our meta-analysis results supported that the ITPKC rs28493229 polymorphism is strongly associated with susceptibility to KD.
Turner Syndrome and Beta Thalassemia Major: A Rare Association
Authors: Mirhosseini Naser Ali , Mirhosseini Shima , Saeida-Ardekani Maryam
Published: March 2023

Background: Turner syndrome (TS) is the most common genetic disorder affecting only females. The criteria for diagnosis include the complete or partial absence of the second sex (x) chromosome (with or without cell line mosaicism) plus short stature and primary ovarian failure with or without the presence of other phenotypic TS features. The genotype in TS, as tested in peripheral blood, is most commonly 45xo. β-thalassemia major or transfusion-dependent thalassemia refers to severe β-thalassemia that requires early transfusion therapy. The association between Turner syndrome and thalassemia major is rare, which may result from transcription factor gene mutation.
Case Report: We report a girl with thalassemia major who was treated by recurring monthly transfusions since the age of six months. Short stature, triangular face, low set ear, hypertelorism, webbed neck, lordosis and genu valgum were observed in the examination. The patient was diagnosed with Turner syndrome, and her karyotype also was defined as 45xo.
Conclusion: In the case of Turner syndrome and β-thalassemia major association, a mutation in the transcription factor gene is proposed, which can be confirmed by genetic testing.
Desafios dos Estudos Gays, Lésbicos e Transgêneros
Authors: Lopes Denilson
Published: March 2023

Resumo:

Este ensaio introduz algumas questões relativas aos estudos feministas, gays, lésbicos, transgênecos e teoria queer na busca de contribuições teórico-metodológicas na análise da cultura contemporânea.

Palavras-chave: Estudos gays e lésbicos, estudos transgêneros, teoria queer, cultura.

Abstrat:

This essay introduces some issues related tofeminist studies, gay and lesbian studies, transgender studies and queer theory in the search of theoretical and methodological contributions in the analysis of contemporary culture.

Key-words: Gay and Lesbian Studies, transgender studies, queer theory, culture
Culpa e prazer: imagens do consumo na cultura de massa
Authors: Rocha Everardo
Published: March 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é estudar algumas das principais representações do consumo no senso comum e na cultura de massa. Essas representações tendem a classificar o consumo como algo hedonista, ou exercer sobre ele um discurso moralista, ou vê-lo como algo natural ou, ainda, como utilitário. Ao estudar as implica ções ideológicas dessas visões, este artigo pretende contribuir para o estudo do consumo como um sistema cultural central na sociedade moderno-contemporânea.

Palavras-chave: Cultura e consumo; cultura de massa e ideologia;

Teoria da comunicação; Antropologia do consumo.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this article is to study some of the main representations of consumption in the general sense and in mass culture. These representations tend to classify consumption as something hedonist, or answer to it with a moralistic rhetoric, or to see it as something natural or even as something utilitarian. While studying the ideological implications of these views, this article intends to contribute to the study of consumption as a central cultural system in the modern contemporary society.

Keywords: Culture and consumption; mass culture and ideology;

Theory of communication; Anthropology of consumption.
Consumo e risco: mídia e experiência do corpo na atualidade
Authors: Vaz Paulo
Published: March 2023

Este artigo propõe a tese de que o conceito de risco orienta a concepção contemporânea de moralidade. A argumentação se organiza em dois eixos. Um é o diagnóstico de substituição da norma pelo risco como conceito básico por meio do qual os indivíduos na cultura ocidental pensam o poder de suas ações e, desse modo, habitam o tempo. Em outras palavras, esses conceitos orientam o modo como os indivíduos trabalham sobre seus corpos e estados mentais para conquistar um estado de ser no futuro tido como desejável. O segundo eixo aponta os fatores de mudança – a transformação recente do capitalismo e o desenvolvimento

tecnocientífico – e propõe os modos como eles afetam a produção de subjetividade. Espera-se, por fim, apontar alguns elementos que explicam a relevância recente dos meios de comunicação para a moralidade cotidiana.

Palavras-chave: Risco; norma; capitalismo; tecnologia; mídia.

ABSTRACT

This article presents the thesis that the concept of risk orients contemporary conceptions of morality. The argument is developed along two axes. First, the diagnostic of the substitution of norm by risk as the basic concept through which Western individuals conceive the power of their actions and therefore inhabit time. These concepts orient the ways in which individuals work upon their bodies and mental states in order to attain a desirable stateof being in the future. The second axe posits a recent transformation in capitalism and techno-scientific developments as agents in the production of subjectivity. Finally, the article elaborates key aspects of the recent relevance of communication media to quotidian morality.

Keywords: Risk; norm; capitalism; technology; media.
A desmaterialização do corpo: da alma (analógica) à informação (digital)
Authors: Sibilia Paula
Published: March 2023

Apresenta-se aqui uma reflexão acerca da persistência da visão dualista do ser humano: a possibilidade de uma subjetividade descarnada, uma idéia perfeitamente datada, parece continuar vigente na sociedade contemporânea. Se até pouco tempo atrás os corpos eram aprisionados pela alma (uma entidade opaca e analógica), hoje é a informação digital que os amordaça e os torna manipuláveis. Essa informação imaterial que comanda os corpos assume diversas formas: do código genético aos circuitos cerebrais e à imagem do “corpo perfeito”.
Fuga da invisibilidade: mutações semióticas na imagem publicitária
Authors: Klein Alberto
Published: March 2023

Sem dúvida, o valor alcançado pela imagem em diversos suportes midiáticos tem como uma de suas conseqüências a visibilidade como um bem social e cultural. No caso da publicidade externa, a compulsão pela visibilidade transformou as cidades em entulhos de imagens fragmentadas e repetitivas. Instauraram-se, com isso, a repulsa e a anestesia do olhar, gerando paradoxalmente a invisibilidade pelo excesso. O que pretendemos, neste artigo, é, primeiro, discutir os problemas acerca da invisibilidade da imagem no espaço urbano e, em seguida, analisar

mutações semióticas que buscam a saída da invisibilidade. Para tanto, nos servimos do estudo de duas peças de outdoor que deslocam e rearticulam elementos ligados a textos mágicos e religiosos, e trazem novas implicações semióticas para o olhar na publicidade.

Palavras-chave: Publicidade; outdoor; semiótica; invisibilidade.

ABSTRACT

The valor that image has reached in its various mediatic supports has indeed rendered, as one of its consequences, the consideration of visibility as a cultural and social commodity. In the case of outdoorsadvertisement, the compulsion for visibility has transformed big cities into

a dump of fragmented and repetitive images. This has provoked repulse and the anesthesia of the eyes, paradoxically causing invisibility. Our intention,

in this article, is first to discuss the problems of invisibility of the image in the urban space and, second, to analyze the semiotic changes in search for visibility. Therefore, we study two cases of billboards which dislocate and rearticulate elements linked to magical and religious texts

and undergo new semiotic implications for the gaze in the context of advertisement.

Keywords: Advertisement; billboard; semiotics; invisibility.
Charakterystyka rozproszonej materii organicznej warstw inoceramowych jednostki dukielskiej
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Ziemianin Konrad , Spunda Karol ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Published: March 2023

Scharakteryzowano skład i dojrzałość rozproszonej materii organicznej w warstwach inoceramowych jednostki dukielskiej na obszarze polskiego fragmentu Karpat zewnętrznych. Podstawą dokonanej charakterystyki były wyniki obserwacji mikroskopowych w świetle odbitym, połączonych z analizą refleksyjności witrynitu. Uzupełniająco na wybranych próbkach przeprowadzono pirolizę Rock-Eval. Prace terenowe objęły 23 odsłonięcia, z których pobrano i przebadano w sumie 85 próbek, reprezentujących warstwy ciśniańskie, łupkowskie oraz – odsłaniające się w zachodniej części obszaru badań – warstwy inoceramowe (nierozdzielone). Skład macerałowy przebadanych próbek jest stosunkowo monotonny. W analizowanych skałach dominuje materiał witrynitowo-inertynitowy, zwykle z niewielkim dodatkiem macerałów grupy liptynitu. Macerały grupy witrynitu reprezentowane są przez większe, przeważnie wydłużone fragmenty kolotelinitu oraz drobne fragmenty witrodetrynitu. Ich łączny udział sięga maksymalnie 14% obj., przy czym zwykle nie przekracza 1% obj. Obserwowane macerały grupy inertynitu to w głównej mierze ostrokrawędziste fragmenty semifuzynitu i fuzynitu oraz drobny inertodetrynit, których udział najczęściej nie przekracza 2% obj. Macerały grupy liptynitu są najmniej licznie reprezentowaną grupą. Obserwuje się głównie alginit (lamalginit) oraz rzadziej sporynit, kutynit i liptodetrynit. Udział materii organicznej (wyznaczony na podstawie parametru TOC) mieści się w zakresie od 0,3% do 5,6%, przy czym w przypadku ¾ próbek nie przekracza 2%. Jest to materia organiczna reprezentująca III i IV typ kerogenu. Dojrzałość materii organicznej określono na podstawie pomiarów refleksyjności witrynitu (Ro) oraz za pomocą parametru Tmax. Oba parametry wskazały na stopień przeobrażenia termicznego badanych utworów na poziomie okna ropnego – od jego wczesnej fazy, poprzez fazę główną, aż do fazy późnej. Obserwuje się regionalny trend zmienności opisywanych parametrów Ro i Tmax, wskazujący na wyższą dojrzałość utworów w części wschodniej badanego obszaru. Przebadane próbki charakteryzują się najczęściej niskim potencjałem generacyjnym i nie są dobrymi skałami macierzystymi.
Compression of liquids from the operating wells to the surface applying the sequential approximation
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Akhundova Nargiz R. , Rzazade Samad A. ,   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Aliyeva Ofeliya ,   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Bahshaliyeva Shirin O. ,   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University
Published: March 2023

The article discusses the issue of pushing water to the surface by injecting gas into the dome of a water pressure system. The layer is completely filled with liquid. This requires the creation of underground gas storages in the central upper part of the water pressure system. For this purpose, the water must be pressurized from the drilled and unloaded wells. A sequential approximation method is used to solve the problem, and formation of the reservoir occurs due to the compression of the fluid through the operating wells. Fluids and gases that enrich the water pressure system, field system and parameters are known. The boundaries of the latter are the contours of the pressure and the flow. Over time, the water pressure in the reservoir has been determined by changing the sum of the volume of the cavity at the edge of the reservoir, the capacity of the created gas and the amount of injected gas. Under the conditions considered, the movement of water in the areas bounded by the contour of the discharge and flow can be considered as radial. Since this area is not very large, the elasticity of the water and the porosity of the reservoir can be ignored. This issue can be considered as the filtration of incompressible fluid in a non-deformable bed. With a relatively small change in flow rate due to the constant pressure in the discharge circuit, the water compressed by the gas flows freely through the wellhead of the discharge well.
Flüchtlingskrise in Deutschland. Die Integrationsproblematik in ABBAS KHIDERS Roman Ohrfeige von 2016
Authors: Babou Cheikh Anta
Published: March 2023

In den letzten Jahren ist Deutschland mit einer Flüchtlingsbewegung aus Ländern des Nahen Ostens wie Syrien und dem Irak konfrontiert. Für die meisten Neuankömmlinge stellt sich die Eingliederung in die deutsche Gesellschaft als besonders problematisch heraus. So müssen sie eine neue Sprache erlernen und eine ihnen fremde Lebensart und Kultur kennenlernen. Diesen enormen Herausforderungen sind nur wenige gewachsen. Eine überwältigende Mehrheit der Flüchtlinge scheitert am Integrationsversuch. In dem vorliegenden Aufsatz soll diese Problematik anhand von Ohrfeige des deutsch-irakischen Autors ABBAS KHIDER beleuchtet werden.
Das Stereotyp von Europa in den Augen junger Politiker*innen – eine linguistische Analyse von Beiträgen in den Sozialen Medien ausgewählter polnischer Jugendpolitikorganisationen
Authors: Waliszewska Karolina
Published: March 2023

Im Fokus des Beitrags stehen stereotype Bilder von Europa, die in den Äußerungen junger Politiker*innen in den von ihnen betriebenen sozialen Medien wie Twitter, Facebook oder Instagram zu erkennen sind. Da Stereotype es ermöglichen, ein und densel-ben Sachverhalt auf unterschiedliche Weise zu benennen, sind sie auch Vehikel für die Ausdruckskraft, mit der die Autor*innen des Beitrags seine potenziellen Leser*innen be-einflussen kann. Infolgedessen können sich bei Empfänger*innen bestimmte Einstellungen, Überzeugungen und Werturteile bilden. Im Mittelpunkt des Forschungsinteresses steht das diskursive Verhalten politisch engagierter Jugendlicher in Polen in den sozialen Medien, um die von ihnen geprägten stereotypen Bilder von Europa/der Europäischen Union aufzudecken. Das Ziel der Untersuchung ist einerseits die Identifizierung der vor-herrschenden Stereotype in dem analysierten Fragment des Europadiskurses, um Auf-schluss über das soziale Wissen politisch engagierter Jugendlicher in Polen zum politisch wichtigen und breit diskutierten Thema Europa/Europäische Union in den letzten Jahren zu geben. Als Nächstes soll auch gezeigt werden, in welche sprachlichen Handlungskon-texte die aufgedeckten Stereotype eingebettet sind. Zu diesem Zweck wurde ihre sprach-liche Realisierung (Lexik, grammatikalische Struktur, Metapher usw.) untersucht.
Iodine catalysis: A green alternative to transition metals in organic chemistry and technology
Authors: Zhdankin Viktor , Yusubov Mekhman
Published: March 2023

Iodine and compounds of iodine in higher oxidation states have emerged as versatile and environmentally benign reagents for organic chemistry. One of the most impressive recent achievements in this area has been the discovery of catalytic activity of iodine in numerous oxidative transformations leading to the formation of new C—O, C—N, and C—C bonds in organic compounds. These catalytic transformations in many cases are very similar to the transition metal-catalyzed reactions, but have the advantage of environmental sustainability and efficient utilization of natural resources. Iodine is an environmentally friendly and a relatively inexpensive element, which is currently underutilized in industrial applications. One of the main goals of this review is presenting to industrial researchers the benefits of using catalytic iodine in chemical technology as an environmentally sustainable alternative to transition metals. The present review summarizes catalytic applications of iodine and compounds of iodine in organic synthesis. The material is organized according to the nature of active catalytic species (hypoiodite, trivalent, or pentavalent hypervalent iodine species) generated in these reactions from appropriate pre-catalysts. Numerous synthetic procedures based on iodine(III) or iodine(V) catalytic species in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, Oxone, peroxyacids or other stoichiometric oxidants are summarized. A detailed discussion of catalytic cycles involving hypervalent iodine, hypoiodites, and other active intermediates is presented.
Ultrasonication: An effective pre-treatment method for extracting lipid from Salvinia molesta for biodiesel production
Authors: Shaija A. , Mubarak M. , Suchithra T. V.
Published: March 2023

Biodiesel is considered as one of the promising alternative fuels for diesel engines due its renewability and environment friendly nature. As the process of lipid extraction from the biomass consumes about 90% of the total energy spent for biodiesel production, an efficient and economic method is very important. The amount of lipid extracted from the biomass could be increased if it is pre-treated before the extraction process. Thiswork was an attempt to compare the various pre-treatment methods before extracting lipids from dried Salvinia molesta (aquatic weed), such as autoclaving, microwaving, ultrasonication, sand, and glass grinding. After each pre-treatment method, Bligh and Dyer’s method was used to measure the total lipid content in percentage dry weight (% dwt), which was then compared with the untreated S. molesta. It was foundexperimentally that the lipid yield was 19.97% dwt for ultrasonication > 16.60% dwt for microwaving > 16.46% dwt for glass grinding >16.26% dwt for sand grindin, > 15.72% dwt for autoclaving > 15.36% dwt for untreated. The one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test was then used to validate the experimental results and showed that ultrasonication method of pre-treatment was the most efficient and had resulted in the highest lipid yieldamong all the methods used which was followed by the microwaving method. The Taguchi method with L9 orthogonal array was then used for the optimization of ultrasonic assisted pre-treatment method before extracting lipid from S. molesta and showed a maximum lipid of 20.86% using 100% amplitude and sonication time of 15 min. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) of S. molesta lipid was analyzed using gas chromatographymass spectroscopy (GCMS) with flame ionization detector. It showed fatty acids such as C14:0, C14:1, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C20:1, C20:4, C22:0 which contributed 97.38% weight of the total fatty acids. FAME consisted of 63.59% monounsaturated, 33.18% saturated and 0.73% polyunsaturated fatty acids in % weight. The physical properties such as specific gravity, kinematic viscosity, cetane number, flash point, cloud point, pour point, saponification value and iodine value of S. molesta biodiesel, which were estimated based on fatty acid profiles are comparable with ASTM 6751-08 biodiesel standard.
Spectrophotometric determination of the formation constants of calcium(II) complexes with 2,2’-bipyridyl and 1,10-phenanthroline in acetonitrile
Authors: Segoviano-Garfias Jose J.N. , González-González Jacqueline , Ramírez-Vázquez Juan Antonio , Nájera-Lara Monica
Published: March 2023

The oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), which consists of a calcium-manganese cluster, is the reaction center of the Photosystem II. At this catalytic site, the water-splitting reaction in dioxygen and hydronium ions occurs. In order to partially reproduce the water splitting process, several studies have reported the synthesis of functional model complexes. Nevertheless, there is a small amount of reports, concerning the spectralbehavior of calcium complexes or the calcium role in the cluster. In this work, in order to explore the absorption spectrum of calcium species in acetonitrile, an equilibrium study of the calcium complexes with 2,2’-bipyridyl or 1,10-phenanthroline, was carried out. The formation constants and the calculated electronic spectrum of each complex was obtained by a modified method of continuous variations consisting in a correlation of the experimental spectrophotometric data with the HypSpec software. The values of the formation constants for the calcium(II) complexes with 2,2’-bipyridyl and 1,10-phenanthroline, are Log β110 = 4.39 ± 0.02 and Log β110 = 5.94 ± 0.05, respectively.
Effect of functionalization of polymeric nanoparticles incorporated with whole attenuated rabies virus antigen on sustained release and efficacy
Authors: Namasivayam Selvaraj Karthick Raja , Sarguneswaran Kiran Nivedh , NazeerAhamed Nishanth Azeez
Published: March 2023

Nanovaccines introduced a new dimension to prevent or cure diseases in an efficient and sustained manner. Various polymers have been usedfor the drug delivery to increase the therapeutic value with minimal side effects. Thus the present study incorporates both nanotechnology andpolymers for the drug delivery. Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) was incorporated with the rabies whole attenuated viralantigen using double emulsion (W/O/W) method and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM). Chitosan-PEG nanoparticles incorporated with the rabies whole attenuated virus antigen (CS-PEG NP-RVAg.) were prepared using IonicGelation method. The CS-PEG NP-RV Ag. was surface modified with biocompatible polymers such as Acacia, Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA),Casein, Ovalbumin and Starch by Ionic Gelation method. The morphology was confirmed by SEM and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).The surface modification was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Zeta potential. The size distribution of CS-PEG-RVAg. and surface modified CS-PEG-RV Ag. by respective biocompatible polymers was assessed by Zetasizer. Release profile of both stabilizednanoparticles was carried out by modified centrifugal ultrafiltration method which showed the sustained release pattern of the Rabies Ag. Immunestimulation under in-vitro condition was studied using rosette assay and phagocytosis assay. In-vitro toxicity using human blood and genotoxicityusing human blood DNA was also studied to assess the toxicity of the nanoformulations. The results of these studies infer that PLGA-b-PEGnanoparticles, CS-PEG and surface modified CS-PEG nanoparticles may be an efficient nanocarrier for the RV Ag. to elicit immune responsesustainably with negligible toxic effect to the human system.
Comparison of non-linear, linearized 2nd order and reduced to FOPDT models of CSTR using different tuning methods
Authors: Singh R. S. , Kumar Munna
Published: March 2023

Process modelling and design of controller based on the process model is an important step in the process control. In the present study threedifferent mathematical models i.e. non-linear process model, linearized 2nd order model and first order with dead time (FOPDT) model of a CSTRwith the concentration of output of product as controlled parameter were developed. Proportional Integral (PI) controllers were designed based on2nd order and FOPDT models of a CSTR using SIMC (Skogestad internal model control), Hagglund and Astrom, and a computational methodwith 5% overshoot.In all the three tuning methods, the nonlinear model provided better results in terms of various time parameters (Tr, Ty, Ts) and in error analysis(IAE, ITAE and ISE).
Experimental and modeling study of fluidized bed granulation: Effect of binder flow rate and fluidizing air velocity
Authors: Vengateson Uthirapathi , Mohan Ratan
Published: March 2023

Fluidized bed granulation is a widely used technique of producing granules in pharmaceutical, food, detergent, and fertilizer industries. In thisstudy, fluidized bed granulation of two powders – wheat flour and rice powder – with water as binder is studied experimentally and by modeling.The effects of two process parameters – binder flow rate, fluidizing air velocity – are determined. Experimental results show that increasing thebinder flow rate favors the formation of bigger granules while increasing fluidizing air velocity leads to a decrease in average granule diameter.Population balance model with suitable form of coalescence kernel (β) has been used to describe the granule growth. Later, this kernel is linkedwith process parameters – binder flow rate and fluidizing air velocity.
Vacuum pyrolysed biochar for soil amendment
Authors: Pandit Aniruddha , Yadav Ashish , Ansari Khursheed B. , Simha Prithvi , Gaikar Vilas
Published: March 2023

Biochar, a highly carbonaceous charred organic material obtained from biomass conversion can be deliberately applied as a conditioner/ amender in order to improve soil quality and associated environmental services. Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), a lignocellulosic biomass, can potentially be used to produce biochar. The aim of the present work is to manufacture, comprehensively characterize, and apply biochar obtained from the vacuum pyrolysis and investigate its potential for soil amendment. Biochar produced from Napier grass was characterized for its pH, electrical conductivity, soil water retention capacity, surface acidity and/or basicity, elemental composition, Infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction spectra, surface area, porosity, soil–water relation and morphological properties. Experiments on the methylene blue adsorption of the biochar indicated an equilibrium uptake capacity of 35 mg.g−1 and showed good agreement with the Langmuir–Freundlich model. Kinetic studies revealed Lagergren pseudo-first-order fit with intra-particle diffusion appearing to be one of the rate controlling mechanisms. Pot trials with Cicer grown in neutral and acidic soil amended with biochar validated that biochar augmented plant growth in terms of enhanced biomass weight and number of seed germinations. The entire investigation revealed that the properties of the produced biochar are in line with those necessary for it to act as a suitable agent for soil amendment.
A comparative study of a bio fuel cell with two different proton exchange membrane for the production of electricity from waste water
Authors: Singh R. S. , Shahi Amrita , Rai B. N.
Published: March 2023

In the present study, electricity generation with waste water as substrate was investigated in a two compartment biofuel cell with two differentcombinations of electrodes and membrane. Two proton exchange membranes namely nafion and agar salt bridge and aluminum as electrode wereused in the biofuel cell. It was found that biofuel cells operated with nafion produce maximum voltage 0.504 V with a current density of 0.1 A/m2whereas in case of agar salt bridge maximum voltage of 0.145 V with a current density of 0.05 A/m2 was obtained. The more voltage producedin case of nafion is attributed to its low resistance for hydrogen ion transport.
Extraction of green absolute from thyme using ultrasound and sunflower oil
Authors: Mnayer Dima , Fabiano-tixier Anne-Sylvie , Petitcolas Emmanuel , Ruiz Karine
Published: March 2023

Absolute is the plant aroma isolate mostly used in the food and fragrance sectors. The use of organic solvents constitutes the most commonly used method for obtaining this aroma. However, this technique may leave trace amounts of solvents which are considered undesirable for these industries. In this work, a new green extraction approach was implemented using ultrasound (US) with sunflower oil (SO) as a natural solvent to produce green absolute from thyme (Thymus vulgaris). US optimal conditions for absolute yield were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM) and compared to conventional SO (SO-CV) and hexane (Hex-CV) extractions. The absolutes were analyzed by GC–MS for their chemical composition and tested for their antioxidant activities (total phenols, DPPH and frying test). Optimized conditions obtained by RSM for absolute yield were T = 50 °C, t = 22 min, P = 98W. The US using SO as solvent offers important advantages: shorter extraction time, increase of 47% in absolute yield compared to SO-CV extraction. Although the absolute obtained by hexane extraction provided improved yield (8.64 g/100 g DW), it contained around 75% of waxy materials. GC–MS analysis showed no remarkable variation of the chemical composition of the absolutes compared to those obtained by hexane extraction. Moreover, the US extraction allowed the highest recovery of monoterpene phenols thymol and carvacrol (86.2%). The absolute obtained by SO-US was free from waxes and organic solvent residues and exerted the highest antioxidant activity. Results show that ultrasound extraction using SO is a good alternative. It suggests the possibility of the production of green absolutes on pilot and industrial scale.