EVOLVEMENT OF EDUCATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS VIEWS OF F.KH. FAIZKHANOV IN THE SECOND QUARTER OF THE XIX CENTURY
Authors: Yuzeev Aidar N. , Mukhametzianova Ilyuza G. 
Published: July 2024

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the name of Khusain Faizkhanov is a symbol for the entire Muslim world. To this day, he remains an outstanding Tatar public figure, teacher, historian and Orientalist, who made a significant contribution to evolvement and development of the spiritual culture of the Tatar society.

The purpose of the study is to study the life of the religious figure Khusain Faizkhanov in the second quarter of the XIX century.

Materials and methods. The methodological foundation for studying the research subject is analysis and the descriptive-narrative method. Based on the results of the analysis of published sources and available literature on the research topic, the article reflects the first period of Kh. Faizkhanov’s life and work (1823–1854).

Research results. The analysis of the Khusain Faizkhanov’s life and work from 1823 to 1854 showed that this period was characterized by receiving initial religious education in a local village school, in the madrasah of Kazan region and in the city of Kazan. His teachers were Mukhammad Karim, Baymurada ibn Mukharryama al-Mangari, Shigabuddin Marjani and Alexander Kasimovich Kazembek. The knowledge gained from religious figures at the beginning of his life did not go unnoticed for Khusain Faizkhanov, they laid the foundation for his further education. From the first Mudarris,Khusain Faizkhanov gained knowledge of not only Arabic, Persian, and Turkish, but a fairly deep knowledge of calligraphy as well, which later helped him in studying handwritten texts. However, Sh. Marjani played a significant influence on the formation of the educational aspect in Khusain Faizkhanov’s worldview and theological views. In Kazan, Khusain Faizkhanov got acquainted with representatives of the secular scientific community, in which a significant role was played by a correspondent of the Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences, a specialist in oriental culture, A.K. Kazembek. Over time, after A.K. Kazembek’s moving to St. Petersburg, he invited Khusain Faizkhanov and saw him in the future as a teacher of oriental languages. In 1854 Khusain Faizkhanov moved to St. Petersburg, where he met Kazembek’s students – an orientalist-turkologist, I.N. Berezin, an orientalist-missionary, N.I. Ilminsky, teacher of oriental calligraphy at the university M. Makhmudov. These acquaintances played an important role in the life of Khusain Faizkhanov. Their relationship remained strong over the following years. Communication with orientalists of Kazan University, such as A.K. Kazembek, I.N. Berezin, N.I. Ilminsky, became decisive in the formation of Khusain Faizkhanov’s educational views.

Conclusions. Khusain Faizkhanov is rightfully a pioneer of the Tatar educational movement, a historian, an expert in oriental languages, manuscripts and calligraphy. Khusain Faizkhanov is at the forefront of Tatar educational activities and is one of the leading orientalists and turkologists of Russia. The worldview of Khusain Faizkhanov in the initial period of its formation was completely determined by the Tatar educational movement.