bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in Interfaces between Li Metal Anode and Electrolyte
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Cheng Xin‐Bing , Zhang Qiang
Published: December 2017

Lithium metal has been considered as one of the most promising anode materials in high‐energy‐density rechargeable batteries due to its extremely high specific capacity and very low reduction potential of all possible candidates. However, the mysterious interfacial phenomena of lithium metal anode in long‐term cycles, especially Li dendrite formation and low Coulombic efficiency, have greatly plagued the practical applications of Li metal in secondary batteries. The complex interface between Li metal and electrolyte plays a very important role in regulating Li deposition and enhancing the cycling stability of a full battery. In this review, recent advances in interfacial science and engineering are summarized to afford a fundamental understanding in Li deposition behavior and present design principles in constructing robust interface to stabilize Li metal anode in a working battery. Further investigations and directions are also included to promote the exploration of Li metal anodes. In particular, the rational combination of different Li metal protection strategies is strongly commended for practically applying Li metal anode in high‐energy‐density rechargeable batteries.
MoSexOy‐Coated 1D TiO2 Nanotube Layers: Efficient Interface for Light‐Driven Applications
Authors: Ng Siowwoon , Krbal Milos , Zazpe Raul , Prikryl Jan , Charvot Jaroslav , Dvořák Filip , Strizik Lukas , Slang Stanislav , Sopha Hanna , Kosto Yuliia , Matolin Vladimir , Yam Fong Kwong , Bures Filip , Macak Jan M.
Published: December 2017

Ultrathin molybdenum oxyselenide (MoSexOy) coatings are made first ever by atomic layer deposition (ALD) within anodic 1D TiO2 nanotube layers for photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic applications. The coating thickness is controlled through varying ALD cycles from 5 to 50 cycles (corresponding to ≈1–10 nm). In the ultraviolet region, the coatings have enhanced up to four times the incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency (IPCE), and the highest IPCE is recorded at 32% at (at λ = 365 nm). The coatings notably extend the photoresponse to the visible spectral region and remarkable improvement of photocurrent densities up to ≈40 times is registered at λ = 470 nm. As a result, the MoSexOy‐coated‐TiO2 nanotube layers have shown to be an effective photocatalyst for methylene blue degradation, and the optimal performance is credited to a coating thickness between 2 and 5 nm (feasible only by ALD). The enhancement in photoactivities of the presented heterojunction is mainly associated with the passivation effect of MoSexOy on the TiO2 nanotube walls and the suitability of bandgap position between MoSexOy and TiO2 interface for an efficient charge transfer. In addition, MoSexOy possesses a narrow bandgap, which favors the photoactivity in the visible spectral region.
Ultrathin Hydrogen Diffusion Cloak
Authors: Li Yang , Liu Chuanbao , Bai Yang , Qiao Lijie , Zhou Ji
Published: December 2017

For years, hydrogen damage is a fatal threat to metals and alloys in long‐term service. This paper introduces the transformation optics theory in metamaterials to the diffusive field, and the design of an ultrathin hydrogen diffusion cloak. Thanks to the alternately and gradually changed diffusion coefficients in adjacent layers, the laminated cloak efficiently conducts the diffusive flow to shield the central region, and drastically reduces the diffusion flux in it. More importantly, the diffusion coefficients are designed following the Laplace equation instead of conventional linear transformation, hence the cloak has a very small thickness whose core/shell ratio is two magnitudes larger than traditional designs, but the diffusion flux is even one magnitude lower. The ultrathin hydrogen diffusion cloak with excellent performance provides a promising route for hydrogen protection.
Electroplex as a New Concept of Universal Host for Improved Efficiency and Lifetime in Red, Yellow, Green, and Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Song Wook , Lee Jun Yeob , Cho Yong Joo , Yu Hyeonghwa , Aziz Hany , Lee Kang Mun
Published: December 2017

A new concept of host, electroplex host, is developed for high efficiency and long lifetime phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes by mixing two host materials generating an electroplex under an electric field. A carbazole‐type host and a triazine‐type host are selected as the host materials to form the electroplex host. The electroplex host is found to induce light emission through an energy transfer process rather than charge trapping, and universally improves the lifetime of red, yellow, green, and blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes by more than four times. Furthermore, the electroplex host shows much longer lifetime than a common exciplex host. This is the first demonstration of using the electroplex as the host of high efficiency and long lifetime phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes.
Efficacy and Safety of Selexipag in Adults With Raynaud's Phenomenon Secondary to Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Denton Christopher P. , Hachulla Éric , Riemekasten Gabriela , Schwarting Andreas , Frenoux Jean‐Marie , Frey Aline , Le Brun Franck‐Olivier , Herrick Ariane L. ,   on behalf of the Raynaud Study Investigators
Published: December 2017

Objective

To determine the effect of selexipag, an oral, selective IP prostacyclin receptor agonist, on the frequency of attacks of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods

Patients with SSc‐related RP were randomized 1:1 to placebo (n = 38) or selexipag (n = 36) in individualized doses (maximum of 1,600 μg twice daily) during a 3‐week titration period. The primary end point was the weekly average number of RP attacks during the study maintenance period, analyzed using a Bayesian approach with a negative binomial model adjusted for baseline number of RP attacks. Other outcome measures included Raynaud's Condition Score (RCS), RP attack duration, and treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs).

Results

Baseline characteristics were comparable between treatment groups. For 83.3% of patients, the individualized maintenance dosage of selexipag was ≤800 μg twice daily. No significant difference was observed between placebo and selexipag in weekly average number of electronic diary (eDiary)–recorded RP attacks during the maintenance period (14.2 attacks during the maintenance period and 21.5 attacks during the baseline week in the placebo group [n = 32] versus 18.0 attacks during the maintenance period and 22.4 attacks during the baseline week in the selexipag group [n = 27]; adjusted mean treatment difference of 3.4 in favor of placebo). No significant treatment effect was observed on RCS or RP attack duration. In the double‐blind period, 86.8% of placebo‐treated patients and 100% of selexipag‐treated patients reported ≥1 AE; 55.3% and 91.7%, respectively, reported ≥1 prostacyclin‐associated AE.

Conclusion

Treatment with selexipag did not reduce the number of RP attacks compared with placebo. The safety profile of selexipag was similar to that previously reported. This study provides important information about the feasibility of eDiary reporting of RP attacks in clinical trials.
High‐energy scattering in quantum chromodynamics at small Bjorken x
Authors: Jalilian‐Marian J.
Published: December 2017

After a brief introduction to perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD), we consider particle production in the high‐energy limit of QCD. We motivate the need for a novel dynamical effect, namely gluon saturation, to slow down the sharp rise of perturbative cross‐sections at small Bjorken x in order not to violate the Froissart bound. Gluon saturation dynamics in QCD can be efficiently studied using an effective action approach. The two main effects included are high gluon density effects, which lead to multiple scatterings, and the energy dependence of observables, which is included via the small x evolution equations. We discuss the signatures of and prospects for observing gluon saturation in high‐energy processes.
Testing Method for On‐Site Measurement of Explosive Materials Contaminated on Travel Luggage Bag and Backpack Using Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Authors: Choi Sung‐Seen , Son Chae Eun
Published: December 2017

Testing method for the on‐site detection of explosive materials contaminated on the travel luggage bag (TLB) and backpack (BP) surfaces was established using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and smear matrix. Trinitrotoluene and 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane were used as model explosive materials. Two sampling methods of rolling (with a metal roller) and handrubbing were used, and stainless steel mesh was used as the smear matrix for collection of explosive material. Testing parts of the TLB and BP were selected in consideration of contaminant accumulation, physical contact, and sample collection. Explosive materials deposited on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sheet were transferred to the testing part, the explosive materials existing on the testing part were collected using the smear matrix, and then the collected explosive materials were analyzed using IMS. High signal‐to‐noise ratio over 10 was applied for the determination of the minimum initial explosive concentration (Cmin_PTFE) to detect in IMS. The hand‐rubbing method was much more efficient than the rolling method. The Cmin_PTFE values were different according to the testing parts. The Cmin_PTFE values of the TLB were higher than those of the BP. The experimental results were explained by difference in surface morphology of the testing areas. The testing method can be helpful to select the sampling parts and to collect the explosive materials for on‐site security checks.
Effectiveness of Statins as Primary Prevention in People With Different Cardiovascular Risk: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Garcia‐Gil Maria , Comas‐Cufí Marc , Blanch Jordi , Martí Ruth , Ponjoan Anna , Alves‐Cabratosa Lia , Petersen Irene , Marrugat Jaume , Elosua Roberto , Grau María , Ramos Rafel
Published: December 2017

The purpose was to analyze statin effectiveness in a general population with differing levels of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Patients (35–74 years) without previous cardiovascular disease were included and stratified according to 10‐year CHD risk (<5%, 5–7.4%, 7.5–9.9%, and 10–19.9%). New users were categorized according to their medical possession ratio (MPR). The main outcome was atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) (myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke). In adherent patients (MPR 70%), statin treatment decreased ASCVD risk across the range of coronary risk (from 16–30%). The 5‐year number needed to treat (NNT) was 470 and 204 in the risk categories <5% and 5–7.4%, respectively, and 75 and 62 in the 7.5–9.9% category than in the 10–19.9% category, respectively. Statin therapy should remain a priority in patients at high 10‐year CHD risk (10–19.9%). Most patients with intermediate risk could benefit from statin treatment, but the treatment decision should focus on the net benefit, safety, and patient preference, given the higher NNT.
Charge Shift/Recombination and Triplet Formation in a Molecular Dyad based on a Borondipyrromethene (Bodipy) and an Expanded Acridinium Cation
Authors: He Xiaoyan , Benniston Andrew C. , Lemmetyinen Helge , Tkachenko Nikolai V.
Published: December 2017

A molecular monocationic dyad comprising a borondipyrromethene (Bodipy) and an expanded planar acridinium cation was prepared. The dyad, when excited in solution by an ultrashort laser pulse, generates a charge‐shift state, where a positive charge is transferred to the Bodipy from the acridinium subunit. The process takes less than 1 ps in MeCN and around 8 ps in 1,2‐dichloroethane. The charge‐shift state collapses, in part, back to the ground state but it also leads to partial triplet formation; the discrimination between rates for the forward and reverse processes is circa 7.
Building translational ecology communities of practice: insights from the field
Authors: Lawson Dawn M , Hall Kimberly R , Yung Laurie , Enquist Carolyn AF
Published: December 2017

Translational ecology (TE) prioritizes the understanding of social systems and decision contexts in order to address complex natural resource management issues. Although many practitioners in applied fields employ translational tactics, the body of literature addressing such approaches is limited. We present several case studies illustrating the principles of TE and the diversity of its applications. We anticipate that these examples will help others develop scientific products that decision makers can use “off the shelf” when solving critical ecological and social challenges. Our collective experience suggests that research of such immediate utility is rare. Long‐term commitment to working directly with partners to develop and reach shared goals is central to successful translation. The examples discussed here highlight the benefits of translational processes, including actionable scientific results, more informed policy making, increased investment in science‐driven solutions, and inspiration for partnerships. We aim to facilitate future TE‐based projects and build momentum for growing this community of practice.
Real‐World Evidence, Public Participation, and the FDA
Authors: Schwartz Jason L.
Published: December 2017

For observers of pharmaceutical regulation and the Food and Drug Administration, these are uncertain times. Events in late 2016 raised concerns that the FDA's evidentiary standards were being weakened, compromising the agency's ability to adequately perform its regulatory and public health responsibilities. Two developments most directly contributed to these fears—the approval of eteplirsen, a treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, against the recommendations of both FDA staff and an advisory committee and the December 2016 signing of the 21st Century Cures Act, which encouraged greater use by the FDA of “real‐world” evidence not obtained through randomized controlled trials. The arrival of the Trump administration—with its deregulatory, industry‐friendly approach—has only amplified concerns over the future of the FDA. It is too early to know whether the recent developments are truly harbingers of an FDA less likely to prevent unsafe or ineffective products from reaching the market. But elements in the two events—the role of patient narratives in deliberations regarding eteplirsen and the enthusiasm for real‐world evidence in the 21st Century Cures Act—raise critical issues for the future of evidence in the FDA's work. The rigorous, inclusive approach under way to consider issues related to real‐world evidence provides a model for a similarly needed inquiry regarding public participation in FDA decision‐making.
Freezing Eggs and Creating Patients: Moral Risks of Commercialized Fertility
Authors: Reis Elizabeth , Reis‐Dennis Samuel
Published: December 2017

There's no doubt that reproductive technologies can transform lives for the better. Infertile couples and single, lesbian, gay, intersex, and transgender people have the potential to form families in ways that would have been inconceivable years ago. Yet we are concerned about the widespread commercialization of certain egg‐freezing programs, the messages they propagate about motherhood, the way they blur the line between care and experimentation, and the manipulative and exaggerated marketing that stretches the truth and inspires false hope in women of various ages. We argue that although reproductive technology, and egg freezing in particular, promise to improve women's care by offering more choices to achieve pregnancy and childbearing, they actually have the potential to be disempowering. First, commercial motives in the fertility industry distort women's medical deliberations, thereby restricting their autonomy; second, having the option to freeze their eggs can change the meaning of women's reproductive choices in a way that is limiting rather than liberating.
Multiband, frequency reconfigurable, and metamaterial antennas design techniques: Present and future research directions
Authors: Ali Tanweer , Pathan Sameena , Biradar Rajashekhar C.
Published: December 2017

In recent years, the demand for multifunctional components has increased tremendously. Advancement in integrated technology has provided researchers with ample capability to fit diversified applications operating at different frequencies in one wireless device. Integration of multiband antennas in conjunction with frequency reconfigurability offers an optimal antenna design. In addition, the incorporation of metamaterials yields controllable and promising radiation properties. This paper contributes uniquely to the field of antenna design in two ways. First, it provides the domain and technical aspects associated with multiband, frequency reconfigurable, and metamaterial antennas. Second, it provides a critical review of literature. The paper additionally highlights the deficiencies in the design techniques reported in the literature.
Online interventions to address HIV and other sexually transmitted and blood‐borne infections among young gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men: a systematic review
Authors: Knight Rod , Karamouzian Mohammad , Salway Travis , Gilbert Mark , Shoveller Jean
Published: December 2017

Introduction

Globally, young gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) continue to experience disproportionately high rates of HIV and other sexually transmitted and blood‐borne infections (STBBIs). As such, there are strong public health imperatives to evaluate innovative prevention, treatment and care interventions, including online interventions. This study reviewed and assessed the status of published research (e.g. effectiveness; acceptability; differential effects across subgroups) involving online interventions that address HIV/STBBIs among young gbMSM.

Methods

We searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Google Scholar to identify relevant English‐language publications from inception to November 2016. Studies that assessed an online intervention regarding the prevention, care, or treatment of HIV/STBBIs were included. Studies with <50% gbMSM or with a mean age ≥30 years were excluded.

Results

Of the 3465 articles screened, 17 studies met inclusion criteria. Sixteen studies assessed interventions at the “proof‐of‐concept” phase, while one study assessed an intervention in the dissemination phase. All of the studies focused on behavioural or knowledge outcomes at the individual level (e.g. condom use, testing behaviour), and all but one reported a statistically significant effect on ≥1 primary outcomes. Twelve studies described theory‐based interventions. Twelve were conducted in the United States, with study samples focusing mainly on White, African‐American and/or Latino populations; the remaining were conducted in Hong Kong, Peru, China, and Thailand. Thirteen studies included gay and bisexual men; four studies did not assess sexual identity. Two studies reported including both HIV+ and HIV− participants, and all but one study included one or more measure of socio‐economic status. Few studies reported on the differential intervention effects by socio‐economic status, sexual identity, race or serostatus.

Conclusion

While online interventions show promise at addressing HIV/STBBI among young gbMSM, to date, little emphasis has been placed on assessing: (i) potential differential effects of interventions across subgroups of young gbMSM; (ii) effectiveness studies of interventions in the dissemination phase; and (iii) on some “key” populations of young gbMSM (e.g. those who are: transgender, from low‐income settings and/or HIV positive). Future research that unpacks the potentially distinctive experiences of particular subgroups with “real world” interventions is needed.
Gute Traditionen, schlechte Traditionen
Authors: Osterath Brigitte
Published: December 2017

In diesem Jahr wurde die GDCh 68 Jahre alt – und feierte auf dem Wissenschaftsforum in Berlin ihr 150‐jähriges Jubiläum. Denn sie sieht sich als Nachfolgeorganisation von gleich zwei chemischen Gesellschaften aus dem 19. Jahrhundert.
Geopolymere als Spezialbaustoff
Authors: Vogt Oliver , Ukrainczyk Neven , Koenders Eddie
Published: December 2017

Säure‐ und hitzebeständige Baustoffe entstehen, wenn bestimmte pulverförmige Feststoffe mit alkalischen Aktivatorlösungen kombiniert werden. Diese Baustoffe härten nicht nur schneller als zementbasierte, sondern bei ihrer Produktion wird auch weniger Kohlendioxid frei.
Solarzellen ohne Silicium für den Chemieunterricht
Authors: Zeller Diana , Bohrmann‐Linde Claudia
Published: December 2017

Schüler können lichtgetriebene Zellen auf Titandioxidbasis selbst herstellen, verschiedene Zellanordnungen testen, mit Extrakten von Früchten oder Gewürzen sensibilisieren und so Leistung und Lichtempfindlichkeit der Zellen verändern. Damit erhalten sie Einblicke in ein modernes, interdisziplinäres Forschungsgebiet.
Warnende Moleküle im Blutkreislauf
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: December 2017

Wer sich den Kopf stößt oder verdächtige Schmerzen im Brustbereich spürt, wüsste am liebsten sofort, ob ein Schädel‐Hirn‐Trauma beziehungsweise ein Herzinfarkt vorliegt. Molekulare Marker helfen bereits jetzt, die Situation einzuschätzen, doch die Suche nach neuen, besseren Biomarkern geht weiter.
Gemeinsam mehr erreichen
Authors: Bräutigam Maximilian
Published: December 2017

Ortsverbandsvorsitzende und Vertreter des GDCh‐JungChemikerForums trafen sich am 6. Oktober mit Mitarbeitern der GDCh‐Geschäftsstelle zur zweijährlichen Klausurtagung in der Frankfurter City. Wie bei den Treffen zuvor setzten die Teilnehmer und die Referenten Impulse, die zu einer Weiterentwicklung der GDCh‐Regionalstrukturen beitragen sollen.
Erfolgsmodell oder zweite Wahl?
Authors: Hartmann Jens , Groteklaes Michael
Published: December 2017

Hochschulen für Angewandte Wissenschaften, früher Fachhochschulen, haben ihre eigene Rolle in der deutschen Hochschullandschaft. Sie punkten mit Praxisnähe und engem Kontakt zu Industrieunternehmen in der Region. Dagegen müssen sie bei der Forschung in der Chemie Nachteile gegenüber den Universitäten ausgleichen.
Umweltschutz: Die Minamata‐Konvention
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: December 2017

Ein weltweites Übereinkommen soll Quecksilberemissionen verringern. Eine Folge ist in Deutschland ab Mitte Dezember das Verbot von Chloralkalielektrolysen mit dem Amalgamverfahren.
Neuauflage: Zweites German‐Spanish Symposium on Frontiers in Chemistry
Authors: Vazquez Olalla , Garcia Mancheno Olga
Published: December 2017

Ende September fand am Institut Català d‘Investigació Química (ICIQ) in Tarragona zum zweiten Mal das German‐Spanish Symposium on Frontiers in Chemistry statt – vor 17 Jahren gab es das letzte bilaterale Treffen zwischen deutschen und spanischen Chemikern. An der dreitägigen Veranstaltung nahmen insgesamt 115 Wissenschaftler teil, darunter 19 Gruppenleiter aus beiden Ländern. Ziel des Symposiums war, ein Netzwerk aufzubauen, um gemeinsam an wissenschaftlichen Fragen zu arbeiten.
Divergent leaf shapes among Passiflora species arise from a shared juvenile morphology
Authors: Chitwood Daniel H. , Otoni Wagner C.
Published: December 2017

Not only does leaf shape vary between Passiflora species, but between sequential nodes of the vine. The profound changes in leaf shape within Passiflora vines reflect the temporal development of the shoot apical meristem from which leaves are derived and patterned, a phenomenon known as heteroblasty. We perform a morphometric analysis of more than 3,300 leaves from 40 different Passiflora species using two different methods: homologous landmarks and Elliptical Fourier Descriptors (EFDs). Changes in leaf shape across the vine are first quantified in allometric terms; that is, changes in the relative area of leaf subregions expressed in terms of overall leaf area. Shape is constrained to strict linear relationships as a function of size that vary between species. Statistical analysis of leaf shape, using landmarks and EFDs, reveals that species effects (regardless of node) are the strongest, followed by interaction effects between species and heteroblasty (i.e., species‐specific patterns in leaf shape across nodes) and that heteroblasty effects across nodes (regardless of species) are negligible. The ability of different nodes to predictively discriminate species and the variability of landmark and EFD traits at each node is then analyzed. Heteroblastic trajectories, the changes in leaf shape between the first and last measured leaves in a vine, are then compared between species in a multivariate space. Leaf shape diversity among Passiflora species is expressed in a heteroblastic‐dependent manner, unique to each species. Leaf shape is constrained by linear, allometric relationships related to leaf size that vary between species. There is a strong species × heteroblasty interaction effect for leaf shape, suggesting that different leaf shapes between species arise through changes in shape across nodes specific to each species. The first leaves in the series are not only more like each other, but are also less variable across species. From this similar, shared leaf shape, subsequent leaves in the heteroblastic series follow divergent morphological trajectories. The disparate leaf shapes characteristic of Passiflora species arise from a shared, juvenile morphology.
A Novel Regulatory Mechanism for Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell: Redox State of DJ‐1 Matters
Authors: Yamawaki Hideyuki
Published: December 2017

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are multifunctional gas transmitters with diverse biological actions (adverse vs beneficial) dependent on their level. The differentiation of vascular stem cells into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) might be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders including hypertension and atherosclerosis. Therefore, controlling the differentiation of vascular stem cells is a potential strategy for the treatment of vascular diseases. Nonetheless, it remains to be revealed whether ROS could mediate the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into SMCs. In addition, there are no redox (reduction–oxidation)‐sensitive molecules identified, which are responsible for the ROS‐induced differentiation of MSCs. In article number 1700208, Baek et al. [Proteomics 2017, 17, Issue 21] found that ROS mediate the differentiation of MSCs into SMCs through the modification of redox states of a multifunctional ROS‐responsive protein, DJ‐1, revealing a novel regulatory mechanism for differentiation of MSCs into SMCs and shedding light into the future development of stem‐cell‐targeted pharmacotherapy.
Enhanced Field Emission Performance of MoO3 Nanorods and MoO3‐rGO Nanocomposite
Authors: Bankar Prashant K. , Khandare Lina N. , Late Dattatray J. , More Mahendra A.
Published: December 2017

The graphene and semiconducting hybrid based nanostructures have emerged as a new class of multifunctional materials with improved performance in comparison to the pristine semiconductors. Here, as‐synthesized MoO3‐reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite emitter exhibits enhanced field emission (FE) behavior as compared to the pristine 1D MoO3 nanorods. The hydrothermally synthesized 1D MoO3 nanorods (1D) are grafted on the rGO sheet (2D) using a simple room temperature sonochemical method. The morphological and structural analysis confirms the attachment of MoO3 nanorods with rGO and the improved conductivity of the sample indicates a strong electronic interaction between them. Furthermore, the FE studies of as‐synthesized MoO3 nanorods and MoO3‐rGO nanocomposite emitters, carried out at a base pressure ∼1×10−8 mbar, reveals the values of turn on field (required to draw an emission current density of 1 μA/cm2) as 1.6 and 1.4 V/μm, respectively. Interestingly, the maximum emission current density of 2810 μA/cm2 is achieved at a lower applied field of 2.7 V/μm from the MoO3‐rGO nanocomposite emitter. The enhancement in FE performance of MoO3‐rGO nanocomposite is attributed to the improved electrical conductivity, mechanical properties and higher concentration of protruding edges (emission sites). This observation can be extended to other graphene‐based 1D inorganic hybrid semiconductor nanocomposites, which can provide a valuable opportunity to explore novel hybrid materials for vacuum nano‐electronic devices.
Highly Diastereoselective Syntheses of Spiro‐Oxindole Dihydrofuran Derivatives in Aqueous Media and Their Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Gupta Naveen , Bhojani Gopal , Tak Rajkumar , Jakhar Ajay , Khan Noor‐ul H. , Chatterjee Shruti , Kureshy Rukhsana I.
Published: December 2017

A series of substituted spiro‐oxindole dihydrofuran ring derivatives were synthesized in good yields up to 94% and excellent diastereoselectivity ≥99% by simple tandem Michael ‐ cyclization in aqueous media using DABCO (1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) as a catalyst and SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) as a promoter at ambient temperature. These molecules displayed promising antibacterial activity in vitro against pathogenic strains viz Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri and Shigella boydii with MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration), MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) and IC50 (inhibitory concentration) values better than the standard antibiotic ampicillin.
Interfacial Chemistry‐Modified QD‐Coupled CdTe Solid Nanowire and Its Hybrid with Graphene Quantum Dots for Enhanced Photocurrent Properties
Authors: Premkumar Sellan , Nataraj Devaraj , Bharathi Ganapathi , Khyzhun Oleg Yu , Thangadurai T. Daniel
Published: December 2017

Here in, we report the formation of CdTe quantum dot interconnected solid nanowire network by a bottom up process. The as formed nanostructure, also, named as quantum dot solid structure has exhibited a high magnitude photocurrent value of 0.25 mA, corresponding to the biasing voltage of 1.5 V. The improved photocurrent generation is a consequence of suppressed inter‐dot charge transport resistance upon quantum solid nanowire network formation. This interesting network structure was further decorated with graphene quantum dots by optimizing the growth parameters. The hybrid nanostructure has shown a further enhancement in the photocurrent generation. Formation of such new nanostructures and their interesting photo‐physical properties are discussed in detail.
A New Facile Synthesis of Tungsten Oxide from Tungsten Disulfide: Structure Dependent Supercapacitor and Negative Differential Resistance Properties
Authors: Mandal Debasish , Routh Parimal , Nandi Arun K.
Published: December 2017

Tungsten oxide (WO3) is an emerging 2D nanomaterial possessing unique physicochemical properties extending a wide spectrum of novel applications which are limited due to lack of efficient synthesis of high‐quality WO3. Here, a facile new synthetic method of forming WO3 from tungsten sulfide, WS2 is reported. Spectroscopic, microscopic, and X‐ray studies indicate formation of flower like aggregated nanosized WO3 plates of highly crystalline cubic phase via intermediate orthorhombic tungstite, WO3.H2O phase. The charge storage ability of WO3 is extremely high (508 F g−1 at current density of 1 A g−1) at negative potential range compared to tungstite (194 F g−1 at 1 A g−1). Moreover, high (97%) capacity retention after 1000 cycles and capacitive charge storage nature of WO3 electrode suggest its supremacy as a negative electrode of supercapacitors. The asymmetric supercapacitor, based on the WO3 as a negative electrode and mildly reduced graphene oxide as a positive electrode, manifests high energy density of 218.3 mWhm−2 at power density 1750 mWm−2, and exceptionally high power density, 17 500 mW m−2, with energy density of 121.5 mWh m−2. Furthermore, the negative differential resistance (NDR) property of both WO3 and WO3.H2O are reported for the first time and NDR is explained with density of state approach.
Generalized Synthesis of Ultrathin Cobalt‐Based Nanosheets from Metallophthalocyanine‐Modulated Self‐Assemblies for Complementary Water Electrolysis
Authors: Wu Hao , Chen Zhimin , Zhang Jialin , Wu Feng , Xiao Fei , Du Shichao , He Chunying , Wu Yiqun , Ren Zhiyu
Published: December 2017

The development of effective approaches for preparing large‐area, self‐standing, ultrathin metal‐based nanosheets, which have proved to be favorable for catalytic applications such as water electrolysis, is highly desirable but remains a great challenge. Reported herein is a simple and versatile strategy to synthesize ultrathin Co3O4 and CoP NSs consisting of close‐packed nanoparticles by pyrolyzing cobalt(II) phthalocyanine/graphene oxide (CoPc/GO) assemblies in air and subsequent topotactic phosphidation while preserving the graphene‐like morphology. The strong π–π stacking interactions between CoPc and GO, and the inhibiting effect of the tetrapyrrole‐derived macrocycle for grain growth during the catalytic carbon gasification contribute to the NSs forming. The resulting homologous Co3O4 and CoP NSs display outstanding catalytic activity in alkaline media toward the oxygen evolution reaction and the hydrogen evolution reaction, respectively, ascribed to the richly exposed active sites, and the expedited electrolyte/ion transmission path. The integrated asymmetrical two‐electrode configuration also presents a superior cell voltage of 1.63 V at 10 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting, accompanied with the excellent durability during long‐term cycling. Further evidences validate that this strategy is appropriate to fabricate graphene‐like ultrathin NSs of many other metal oxides, such as Fe2O3, NiO, MoO3, and mixed‐metal oxides, for various applications.
A Novel Algorithm for Lifetime Extrapolation, Prediction, and Estimation of Emerging PV Technologies
Authors: Rizzo Antonio , Cester Andrea , Madsen Morten V. , Krebs Frederik C. , Gevorgyan Suren A.
Published: December 2017

Accurate determination of the lifetime of novel hybrid and organic solar cells is often rather challenging due to the very dynamic behavior of such cells over time and ageing curves with shapes of varying nature. Therefore, in order to accurately and reproducibly determine the lifetime of photovoltaic devices with such a behavior, a novel elaboration algorithm is developed, which enables automatic smoothing, filtering, and extrapolation of the real lifetime data and reproducible determination of the lifetime parameters defined in the International Summit on OPV Stability guiding standards. The algorithm is also capable of predicting the lifetime of devices, not tested until the end of sample life, given that there is sufficient number of measured data points to perform reliable extrapolation of ageing curves (to a limited time frame). The algorithm is discussed in detail and a range of examples for different lifetime data are presented.
Collection of blood from wild‐caught mice (Peromyscus) via submandibular venipuncture
Authors: Berl Jacob L. , Voorhees Matthew W. , Wu Jonathan W. , Flaherty Elizabeth A. , Swihart Robert K.
Published: December 2017

ABSTRAC

Submandibular venipuncture is a common technique used to harvest whole blood from laboratory‐strain mice, but its effectiveness on wild‐caught Peromyscus spp. has not been formally tested. We used submandibular venipuncture to collect repeated blood samples from 30 wild‐caught deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and white‐footed mice (P. leucopus) in captivity and used a capture–mark–recapture field study to evaluate the influence of blood collection on apparent survival of deer mice in wild populations in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, USA in 2015–2016. We were able to collect sufficient (0.05–0.10 mL) whole‐blood samples rapidly (within <1 min) without the use of anesthesia. The procedure caused only localized tissue damage; puncture sites generally healed within 24 hours. We documented 1 case of venipuncture‐induced mortality in 73 blood collections (1.3%) from captive Peromyscus, and found no influence of blood collection on apparent survival of wild deer mice. We found submandibular venipuncture to be an efficient and humane procedure that is well‐suited for field conditions when proper technique is used; small mammal researchers should consider its use instead of traditional methods involving bleeding from the retro‐orbital sinus or tail clipping. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Piecing together cis‐regulatory networks: insights from epigenomics studies in plants
Authors: Huang Shao‐shan C. , Ecker Joseph R.
Published: December 2017

5‐Methylcytosine, a chemical modification of DNA, is a covalent modification found in the genomes of both plants and animals. Epigenetic inheritance of phenotypes mediated by DNA methylation is well established in plants. Most of the known mechanisms of establishing, maintaining and modifying DNA methylation have been worked out in the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Major functions of DNA methylation in plants include regulation of gene expression and silencing of transposable elements (TEs) and repetitive sequences, both of which have parallels in mammalian biology, involve interaction with the transcriptional machinery, and may have profound effects on the regulatory networks in the cell. Methylome and transcriptome dynamics have been investigated in development and environmental responses in Arabidopsis and agriculturally and ecologically important plants, revealing the interdependent relationship among genomic context, methylation patterns, and expression of TE and protein coding genes. Analyses of methylome variation among plant natural populations and species have begun to quantify the extent of genetic control of methylome variation vs. true epimutation, and model the evolutionary forces driving methylome evolution in both short and long time scales. The ability of DNA methylation to positively or negatively modulate binding affinity of transcription factors (TFs) provides a natural link from genome sequence and methylation changes to transcription. Technologies that allow systematic determination of methylation sensitivities of TFs, in native genomic and methylation context without confounding factors such as histone modifications, will provide baseline datasets for building cell‐type‐ and individual‐specific regulatory networks that underlie the establishment and inheritance of complex traits.

This article is categorized under:

Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Genetic/Genomic Methods

Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology
Renormalization in open quantum field theory. Part I. Scalar field theory
Authors: Baidya Avinash , Jana Chandan , Loganayagam R. , Rudra Arnab
Published: December 2017

Abstract

While the notion of open quantum systems is itself old, most of the existing studies deal with quantum mechanical systems rather than quantum field theories. After a brief review of field theoretical/path integral tools currently available to deal with open quantum field theories, we go on to apply these tools to an open version of ϕ
3 + ϕ
4 theory in four spacetime dimensions and demonstrate its one loop renormalizability (including the renormalizability of the Lindblad structure).
Erectile Dysfunction Medications and Treatment for Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Pharmacoepidemiologic Study
Authors: Skeldon Sean C. , Cheng Lucy , Morgan Steven G. , Detsky Allan S. , Goldenberg S. Larry , Law Michael R.
Published: December 2017

Background

Erectile dysfunction (ED) can be a sentinel marker for future cardiovascular disease and has been described as providing a “window of curability” for men to receive targeted cardiovascular risk assessment.

Aim

To determine whether the prescription of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5is) for ED leads to the detection and treatment of previously undiagnosed cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods

We performed a retrospective population-based cohort study of residents of British Columbia, Canada using linked health care databases from 2004 to 2011. An individual-level time series analysis with switching replications was used to determine changes in drug use for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes in men 40 to 59 years old. The observation window for each patient was 720 days before and 360 days after the index date.

Outcomes

The primary outcome was changes in prescriptions for antihypertensive, statin, and oral antidiabetic drugs, with secondary outcomes being laboratory tests for plasma cholesterol and glucose.

Results

5,858 men 40 to 59 years old newly prescribed a PDE5i were included in the analysis. We found a sudden increase in prescriptions for antihypertensive drugs (40 per 1,000; P < .001), statins (10 per 1,000; P = .001), and antidiabetic drugs (17 per 1,000; P = .002) in the 90 days after a new prescription for a PDE5i. For hypercholesterolemia and diabetes, most of this change was observed in men with relevant screening tests performed in the 30 days after their PDE5i prescription. Only 15% and 17% of men who did not have a screening test for cholesterol and glucose, respectively, in the year before their PDE5i prescription went on to have one in the subsequent 30 days.

Clinical Implications

The paucity of screening tests observed in our study after PDE5i prescriptions suggests that physicians should be educated on the recommended screening guidelines for men newly diagnosed with ED.

Strengths and Limitations

The number of men who were ordered a laboratory test or written a prescription but chose not to complete or fill it, respectively, is unknown.

Conclusion

Treatment for ED with PDE5is can be a trigger or “gateway drug” for the early detection and treatment of cardiometabolic risk factors provided physicians perform the requisite screening investigations.
EMS Coverage of a Female-Only Event with 10,000 Attendees: Preparation and Implementation in One Week
Authors: AlAssaf Wajdan Ibrahim
Published: December 2017

This report describes the medical coverage provided for 10KSA, a charity event held in Saudi Arabia for breast cancer awareness. More than 10,000 women attended the event. A total of 41 attendees sought medical care; four patients (9.8%) presented directly to the clinic and 37 patients (90.2%) presented to the first aid units, mostly for check-ups. This report may be helpful for care providers arranging medical coverage for future events with similar challenging situations (women only, distant location).

AlAssafWI. EMS coverage of a female-only event with 10,000 attendees: preparation and implementation in one week. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(6):694–698.
Complexity in eating disorders: a case for simple or complex formulation and treatment?
Authors: Mountford Victoria A. , Tatham Madeleine , Turner Hannah , Waller Glenn
Published: December 2017

Eating disorders are commonly regarded as complex psychiatric conditions, although this perception might be a product of the high levels of physical and psychological co-morbidity that are present in many such cases, rather than being about complexity in the eating disorderper se. This paper will consider the reasons that eating disorders are seen as complex, and whether or not that perceived complexity should be seen as a genuine reason to deviate from existing evidence-based cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) protocols. Case examples will be used to illustrate how complex presentations can require clinicians to work skilfully with relatively simple formulations to achieve the best outcome, rather than using unnecessarily complex formulations and treatments. The importance of clear supervision is also stressed, as it can play a role in clinicians’ perception of the need for a complex or simple formulation, it can support the clinician in developing a collaborative, focused and efficient formulation, and it can keep the clinician on track with an evidence-based CBT approach.
NLRP11 attenuates Toll-like receptor signalling by targeting TRAF6 for degradation via the ubiquitin ligase RNF19A
Authors: Wu Chenglei , Su Zexiong , Lin Meng , Ou Jiayu , Zhao Wei , Cui Jun , Wang Rong-Fu
Published: December 2017

The adaptor protein TRAF6 has a central function in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling, yet the molecular mechanisms controlling its activity and stability are unclear. Here we show that NLRP11, a primate specific gene, inhibits TLR signalling by targeting TRAF6 for degradation. NLRP11 recruits the ubiquitin ligase RNF19A to catalyze K48-linked ubiquitination of TRAF6 at multiple sites, thereby leading to the degradation of TRAF6. Furthermore, deficiency in either NLRP11 or RNF19A abrogates K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of TRAF6, which promotes activation of NF-κB and MAPK signalling and increases the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, our findings identify NLRP11 as a conserved negative regulator of TLR signalling in primate cells and reveal a mechanism by which the NLRP11-RNF19A axis targets TRAF6 for degradation.
Structural insights into the potency of SK channel positive modulators
Authors: Nam Young-Woo , Orfali Razan , Liu Tingting , Yu Kunqian , Cui Meng , Wulff Heike , Zhang Miao
Published: December 2017

Small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels play essential roles in the regulation of cellular excitability and have been implicated in neurological and cardiovascular diseases through both animal model studies and human genetic association studies. Over the past two decades, positive modulators of SK channels such as NS309 and 1-EBIO have been developed. Our previous structural studies have identified the binding pocket of 1-EBIO and NS309 that is located at the interface between the channel and calmodulin. In this study, we took advantage of four compounds with potencies varying over three orders of magnitude, including 1-EBIO, NS309, SKS-11 (6-bromo-5-methyl-1H-indole-2,3-dione-3-oxime) and SKS-14 (7-fluoro-3-(hydroxyimino)indolin-2-one). A combination of x-ray crystallographic, computational and electrophysiological approaches was utilized to investigate the interactions between the positive modulators and their binding pocket. A strong trend exists between the interaction energy of the compounds within their binding site calculated from the crystal structures, and the potency of these compounds in potentiating the SK2 channel current determined by electrophysiological recordings. Our results further reveal that the difference in potency of the positive modulators in potentiating SK2 channel activity may be attributed primarily to specific electrostatic interactions between the modulators and their binding pocket.
Author Correction: Mining of efficient microbial UDP-glycosyltransferases by motif evolution cross plant kingdom for application in biosynthesis of salidroside
Authors: Fan Bo , Chen Tianyi , Zhang Sen , Wu Bin , He Bingfang
Published: December 2017

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: How visual experience impacts the internal and external spatial mapping of sensorimotor functions
Authors: Crollen Virginie , Albouy Geneviève , Lepore Franco , Collignon Olivier
Published: December 2017

A correction has been published and is appended to both the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.