bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining the Development Status of United States Counties Based on Comparative and Spatial Analyses of Multivariate Criteria Using Geographic Information Systems
Authors: Wheeler Lauren B. , Pappas Eric C.
Published: January 2019

The United States ranked 8th in 2015 according to the United Nations’ Human Development Index, but empirical evidence shows that there are regions within the U.S. that would not classify as having “very high human development.”  We know about domestic poverty and hardship, but there are regions in the United States that are starting to look developmentally more like Albania or Kenya.  Using multivariate quantitative data (health statistics, education levels, and income) to replicate international development indices like that of United Nations on the national level, U.S. counties were ranked according to their development status.  In this way, widely recognized scales of development were translationally applied to the United States to fully understand the state of development, or rather regression, in the U.S.  The results were displayed cartographically to show the geographic distribution of regression across the U.S., mainly the Mississippi River Delta and the Appalachian Region.  In total, there were 66 counties that fell into fourth class, or the “low development” category, for all three development criteria.
Using Patterns-of-Participation Approach to Understand High School Mathematics Teachers’ Classroom Practice in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsalim Layla
Published: January 2019

During the past decade, the Saudi Arabian education system has undergone major changes. Government agenciesinvolved in education have introduced new policies, standards, programs, and curricula. The focus of this research is todescribe and understand high school mathematics teachers’ current practices in Saudi Arabia. This research includesthree cases of teachers currently teaching high school mathematics in Saudi Arabia. Using the Patterns of Participationconcept (PoP) as the main framework, I identified some of the significant practices, or figured worlds, from theteachers’ sense of their practices. Some of the figured worlds that emerged are mathematics, the textbook, reform, andresponsibility for students’ achievement. Mathematics, as it has always been, remains an influential figured world formathematics teachers. Reform and the textbook are becoming as influential because of the current changes in theeducation system in Saudi Arabia. While some participant teachers are developing a new understanding of whatmathematics is and what it means to teach it, they also indicated that they are mostly still using traditional teachingstrategies rather than reform teaching strategies
Stocking Rate and Energy Supplementation Effects on Replacement Beef Heifers Grazing Annual Ryegrass
Authors: Scaglia Guillermo
Published: January 2019

The development of breeding heifers is a critical point in the beef cattle enterprise. The effect of stocking rate and supplementation strategy at high stocking rate were evaluated on Brahman influenced heifers (BW = 250±3.6 kg) continuously stocked on annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. ‘Nelson’) with the following treatments in a completely randomized design with 3 replicates: 1) LOW stocking rate (2.5 heifers/ha); 2) MED stocking rate (5.0 heifers/ha); 3) HIGH stocking rate (7.5 heifers/ha); 4) High stocking rate + 1% BW of ground corn (HIGH+C); and 5) High stocking rate + 1% BW of soybean hulls (HIGH+SBH). Dry matter intake was greater (P = 0.03) for heifers in LOW and MED, while those in HIGH, regardless receiving supplement or not, were the lowest. Heifers grazing LOW and MED did not differ (P = 0.06) in ADG. Supplemented heifers and those in MED produced the most beef per unit of land; however MED and HIGH were not significantly different. Grazing days was greater for LOW and supplemented heifers. There was a year effect for ADG, beef production, and grazing days which were smaller in year 1; however years 2 and 3 were not different (P > 0.05) between them except in production per hectare. Lower stocking rates allowed for appropriate BW gains. Level of supplementation affected DMI from ryegrass, replacing it and affecting animal performance. Weather conditions had an impact on forage production, hence affecting animal performance. Supplementation programs must consider level and type of energy supplement used.
Soil Physical Quality After 21 Years of Cultivation in a Brazilian Cerrado Latosol
Authors: Ngolo Aristides O. , Oliveira Maurílio F. , Assis Igor R. , Rocha Genelício C. , Fernandes Raphael B. A.
Published: January 2019

Long-term studies aiming soil quality evaluation under different soil management strategies are no common. Long-term evaluations provided more reliable contributions to decision-making and practices adoption. This study evaluated the soil physical quality of a Brazilian Cerrado Latosol after 21 years of three different soil management strategies: disc plowing (DP), no-tillage (NT), and disc harrowing+subsoiling (DHS). In comparison to the reference, a soil from a native Cerrado area, the removal of the original vegetation and the implementation of the three soil management strategies increased the soil bulk density (Bd) and reduced soil porosity, macroporosity, soil organic carbon (SOC) and the size of water-stable aggregates, but did not change the glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) contents and clay flocculation. Similar effects were diagnosed on soil physical quality when is considered only the three different management strategies, especially on soil porosity, Bd, size of water-stable aggregates, SOC and GRSP contents. Strategies of DP and NT increased soil resistance to penetration in the superficial layers, while the annual use of DHS reduced this soil mechanical characteristic. The NT system did not provide increasing of soil organic carbon in comparison to other management practices evaluated. In conclusion, removing the native vegetation affected soil physical quality, but the Brazilian Cerrado soil is resilient to physical damage even when different intensive farming practices are implemented for more than two decades. The limitation of the NT system in improving the soil physical quality is related to climate conditions that determine the non-maintenance of straw on the soil surface.
Soil Physical Attributes Under Eucalyptus stands With Non-living and Living Plants
Authors: Pereira Nayana Alves , Medeiros João Carlos , Lacerda Julian Júnio de Jesus , Rosa Jaqueline Dalla , Dias Bruna Anair Souto , Silva Everaldo Moreira da , Ratke Rafael Felippe , Mendes Wanderson de Sousa
Published: January 2019

The conservation of ecosystems has benefited from planted forests which provide reforested wood reducing the pressure on deforestation of natural forests. Soil physical attributes determine soil water storage capacity; therefore, they play an important role on plant roots’ development which may compromise plant’s survival. The study tested the influence of soil physical and water attributes on the survival of Eucalyptus spp. clones under dry tropical climate. Two areas were selected, including one with living plants and a second with non-living plants of Eucalyptus spp. clones. Moreover, five soil profiles were studied in each area and the parameters estimated were soil bulk density, total porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil water retention curve, pores size distribution, available water capacity, and S index. Soil physical and hydric attributes did not differ between the area with living plants and the one with non-living plants. The saturated hydraulic conductivity in the area surface layer was high for both the living plants and non-living palnts; 331 mm h-1 and 294 mm h-1, respectively. The S index (to give the value) indicated that the structure was suitable for the development of Eucalyptus trees. Furthermore, it was possible to affirm that soil physical and water attributes of the studied areas were promising for the cultivation of Eucalyptus spp. in the dry tropical climate.
Chemical Attributes of a Dystrophic Red Latosol of Brazilian Cerrado After Poultry Litter Application Associated to a Urea Inhibitor
Authors: Magalhães Joiran Luiz , Costa Antonio Carlos Saraiva da , Menezes June Faria Scherrer , Oliveira Elcio Barbosa De , Vieira Marcos Vinicius Pereira , Magalhães Daniela Borges do Couto , Rodrigues Arthur Almeida
Published: January 2019

Poultry waste recycling is now a globally practice consolidated in agriculture. However, the proper disposal of poultry waste should enable to reduce N losses and to decrease pollution potential from the high concentrations of poultry litter applied to soil. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate poultry litter doses and the effect of an urease inhibitor on the chemical attributes of a dystrophic Red Latosol. Two experiments were carried out, one in a greenhouse and another in a eucalyptus forest area, both applying completely randomized design with a 2 × 6 + 1 factorial arrangement, applying two types and six doses of poultry litter (5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 t ha-1) plus the controls, with four replicates, total of 52 pots. The application of poultry litter doses altered soil chemical attributes, except for potential acidity. Soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), sum of bases (SB) and electric conductivity (EC) values and Ca, Mg, K, P, S, organic matter (OM), Mn, Zn and Cu levels increased with increasing poultry litter doses, while Fe and B contents decreased. The 40, 80 and 160 t ha-1 poultry litter doses led to contamination potential of the soil due to salinity and alkalinity, and also raised the EC of the percolate at levels limiting to plants. The NBPT (N-butyl thiophosphoric triamide) urease inhibitor exhibited no influence on soil chemical attributes.
Production of Biogas and Biofertilizer by the Co-digestion of Effluent From Cellulose Industry With Addition of Glycerin
Authors: Veroneze M. L. , Schwantes D. , Gonçalves Jr A. C. , Manfrin J. , Schiller A. P. , Schuba T. B. , Richart A. , Schwantes V.
Published: January 2019

The present study aimed to assess the anaerobic digestion of sewage from cellulose industry mixed with doses of glycerin, in order to produce biofertilizer and biogas, for agriculture and energy purposes. Five anaerobic reactors were developed, which were fed with effluent and doses of glycerin (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% v v-1) and evaluated during the hydraulic retention time of 42 days. The physical and chemical parameters were evaluated every seven days: temperature; pH; turbidity; series of solids; total phosphorus (Ptotal); Kjeldahl nitrogen (Ntotal) and COD; as well as the levels of K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cd, Pb and Cr; biogas production was evaluated daily. The anaerobic treatment produced biofertilizer with excellent nutritional conditions, with adequate levels of P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe and Zn. The addition of glycerin increased biogas production, with 15% and 5% of glycerin, respectively producing 0.54 and 0.40 mL L-1 d-1. The treatments of 15% and 5% of v v-1 glycerin also exhibited greater removal of COD. However, the low levels of N have caused problems in the anaerobic process. Anaerobic digestion of the cellulose industry effluent with 5 and 15% of glycerin (v v-1) provided increase in biogas production of 0.54 and 0.40 mL L-1 d-1, respectively. K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe and Mn at the final biodigestion remained with excellent levels for use in crops as biofertilizer.
Economic Analysis of the Corn Intercropped With Marandu Grass as a Function of Azospirillum brasilense Application
Authors: Modesto Viviane C. , Andreotti Marcelo , Sabbag Omar J. , Soares Deyvison de A. , Pechoto Eduardo A. P. , Pascoaloto Isabô M. , Nakao Allan H.
Published: January 2019

The Integrated Agricultural Production Systems (IAPS) under No-Tillage System (NTS), add values to grain production and to livestock activity over the year, besides providing reestablishment of degraded areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate the production costs and profitability of the irrigated corn crop, intercropped or not with Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, inoculated or not with Azospirillum brasilense, in the lowland Cerrado. The work was composed of two sequential experiments, conducted in Selvíria-MS, from 2015 to 2016. The experimental design of the two experiments was in randomized blocks with four replicates. The first experiment consisted of six treatments: (a) inoculate crop in single crop, (b) single corn crop without inoculation, (c) intercropping without inoculation, (d) intercropping with inoculation in both seeds, (e) intercropping with inoculation of corn seeds, and (f) intercropping with inoculation of grass seeds. In the corn off-season harvest, for the second experiment, the experimental units with grass were subdivided into three treatments: (a) leaf inoculated grass (250 mL of inoculant), (b) grass broadcast fertilized with urea (200 kg of N ha-1 year-1) in broadcast and (c) grass without fertilization or inoculation. The inputs were the most expensive components in corn production. In the intercropping treatments, where the grass was destined for silage, the profitability indexes were positive, enabling the system regardless of Azospirillum brasilense inoculation.
Evolution of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) in Agricultural Cold Chain Monitoring: A Literature Review
Authors: Sedghy Bahareh Mosadegh
Published: January 2019

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology providing considerable opportunities to improve quality control for perishable foods. Over the past decade, a significant improvement in RFID application has been observed in cold chain monitoring. The aim of this paper is to, first, demonstrate the role of RFID in improving the monitoring of the agricultural products cold chain. Particular focus is placed on the specifications of RFID and its advantages, which makes its application appealing in food temperature monitoring. Second, this paper aims to provide an overview of RFID developments in cold chain monitoring. For this purpose, we conduct a review of the literature throughout 2004-2018 citing the challenges of this technology’s practical implementation in temperature monitoring of perishables, and provide the solutions presented in the literature for each limitation. This survey would be beneficial for those involved in food distribution, as it offers approaches for overcoming the limitations of RFID, making its application more advantageous.
Selection Strategies for Grain Quality in Upland Rice Lines
Authors: Neto Antônio R. , Castro Douglas G. , Silva Camila S. C. Da , Tomé Laís M. , Bassinello Priscila Z. , Botelho Flávia B. S.
Published: January 2019

The grain quality in rice is extremely important for breeding programs, in order to select lines that meet the standards demanded by the market. The quality attribute is composed by several characteristics, which can make difficult the work for breeder. Thus, the objective in this study was to verify the efficiency of the selection indexes in order to select upland rice lines that meet the grain quality standards. Fourteen lines of the Cultivation and Use Value test (CUV) of the upland rice breeding program of the Federal University of Lavras were evaluated. The experiments were conducted in the municipalities of Lavras-MG and Lambari-MG in the seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. The experimental was a randomized block design with three replications. The following characteristics were evaluated to compose the indexes: grain yield, minimum cooking time, water absorption index, grain chalkiness, integer grain percentage, grain length and width, apparent amylose content and gelatinization temperature. The following selection indexes were compared: Base index of Willians, Sum of “Ranks” of Mulamb and Mock, and Index Sum of Standardized Variables (Z Index) and also was held direct selection through grain yield. It was observed that the Base index obtained good gains with the selection for grain yield, but it was inefficient for the quality characteristics, results when used direct selection. The Ranks and Z index obtained superior and balanced gains for the characteristics, showing up more efficient in the selection of upland rice lines aiming at the quality of grains.
Potassium Phosphite and Water Deficit: Physiological Response of Eucalyptus Using Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Gonçalves Karoline Santos , Paz Vital Pedro da Silva , Silva Fabiane de Lima , Hongyu Kuang , Almeida Willian Fernandes de
Published: January 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the physiological response of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook seedlings subjected to foliar application of potassium phosphite and water deficit with the aid of multivariate statistical analysis, using MANOVA and canonical discriminant analysis. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatments (0.0 L c.p. ha-1 of potassium phosphite with irrigation; 0.0; 1.25; 2.50 and 5.00 L c.p. ha-1 of potassium phosphite without irrigation) and six replicates, in a greenhouse located in the municipality of Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil. Treatments with potassium phosphite were applied by foliar spray, using the commercial product Reforce from Agrichem® (25.0% K2O + 35.0% P2O5 p/v). Irrigation was suspended seven days after application of the product. The correlation (0.6603) between the evaluated variables indicated that the use of multivariate analysis techniques was adequate to analyze this data set. Eucalyptus plants of the control treatment without irrigation responded to the water deficit conditions with inhibition of photosynthetic activity and increase of free proline content in the leaves. On the other hand, plants which received foliar application of potassium phosphite at highest concentrations (2.50 and 5.00 L c.p. ha-1), even under water deficit conditions, preserved the photosynthetic activity and proline content in the leaves with values equal to those observed in the irrigated control treatment. From this result it is possible to infer about the role of potassium phosphite as an attenuating effect of the water deficit in Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.
Soil Quality Indicators After Sequential Applications of Poultry Litter
Authors: Laroca Jackeline Vieira do Santos , Camargo Tatiane Andrea de , Silva Camila Menezes Rodrigues da , Souza Juliana Mendes Andrade de , Miguel Andressa Selestina Dalla Côrt São , Ribeiro Diego Oliveira , Cuissi Rafael Gonçalves , Pacheco Leandro Pereira , Silva Francine Damian da , Souza Edicarlos Damacena de
Published: January 2019

Application of poultry litter may lead to major changes in the structural and functional properties of soil. Understanding these alterations is crucial for assessing the effect of organic wastes on the soil quality and attributes. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of use of poultry litter on increased organic matter, microbiological activity and physicochemical properties of soils in the Brazilian Cerrado and identify a group of expressive indicators of changes for the assessed attributes. The research was conducted in Fazenda Alvorada, a farm located in Portelândia/GO (Brazil), consisting of the following accumulated doses of turkey litter: T0 (without application); T1 (26.32 Mg ha-1); T2 (43.15 Mg ha-1); T3 (57.6 Mg ha-1). The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks and four replications. Sequential applications of poultry litter provide increases in the variables related to organic matter, mainly in particulate nitrogen and total nitrogen stocks. Applications of lower doses resulted in increases of microbial biomass carbon and microbial quotient. Concerning soil physicochemical properties, available phosphorus, the sum of bases and base saturation were the variables that exhibited the most significant changes with increased doses of poultry litter. The metabolic quotient was the most expressive indicator to represent soil alterations resulting from application of poultry litter.
Influence of Nutrient Solution Temperature on Its Oxygen Level and Growth, Yield and Quality of Hydroponic Cucumber
Authors: Al-Rawahy Muthir S. , Al-Rawahy Salim A. , Al-Mulla Yaseen A. , Nadaf Saleem K.
Published: January 2019

High nutrient solution temperature stress around root-zone (rhizosphere) is a major factor limiting hydroponic crop growth due to change in dissolved oxygen (DO) levels in nutrient solution during the high-temperature seasons. This suggests that easier and economical control of root-zone temperature (RZT) could be an effective solution to the temperature stress for the crop plants in hydroponics. In this respect, the present investigation was undertaken to comprehend the influence of nutrient solution temperature on its oxygen level (ambient dissolved oxygen in feeding tank), growth, yield and quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants. The plants were cultivated in recirculating hydroponic system in a greenhouse with dimensions of 9 m wide × 30 m long and total area of 270 m2 during three cropping periods in Oman viz. summer (June-August), fall (September-November) and spring (February-May) in two consecutive years 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. Three cooling treatments were applied viz. T1 (22 ᵒC), T2 (25 ᵒC) and T3 (28 ᵒC) through cooling nutrient solution besides non-cooled treatment T4 (33 ᵒC) as control. The plants were grown in pots filled with perlite medium in randomized complete design (RCD) with four replications. All the treatments received the same nutrient concentrations. The results showed that cooling of nutrient solution temperature influenced positively the levels of DO in the fresh nutrient solution feeding tank and drain nutrient solution for all cropping periods in both the years. Significant (p < 0.05) differences between the treatments were observed in oxygen consumption by the roots of cucumber in the cropping periods in both the years. High levels of oxygen consumptions were recorded with cooled RZTs as compared to that of control-non-cooled RZT for all cropping periods in both the years. All growth, production and quality attributes were positively influenced and greatly expressed by cooled root-zone temperature in the root-zone of cucumber with increased DO levels in nutrient solution. This study revealed that availability of optimum aeration (oxygen levels) in nutrient solution through cooling of nutrient solution temperature could be of significance for boosting cucumber yield as observed during all the growing periods especially in summer in Oman.
Purple Hibiscus and theme of moderation as a metaphor in the evolution of contemporary Nigerian fiction
Authors: Nwankwọ E Izuu
Published: January 2019

The article reflects the results of the empirical study of the problem of the students’ spiritual values formation. The author offers determining indicators, structural components and criteria of high, efficient, medium and low levels of the personality spiritual values. The researcher offers a range of methods aimed at establishing the levels of spiritual values formation in students studying at the college. According to the experiment results the researcher has developed educational program in which effective forms, methods and means of upbringing spiritual values in conditions of a student group were determined. The author emphasizes the importance of pedagogical support and encouragement of every student to spiritual self-improvement. The results comparison of summative and control experiment levels have evidenced the effectiveness of pedagogical means focused on spiritual growing of student youth.
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and improvements in quality of life in Poland
Authors: Binda Jacek , Łapińska Halina
Published: January 2019

One of the tasks of central and local administration units is standing up for the sustainable development on their respective territories. Public authorities ought to use all available resources and means to satisfy the needs of the present generation in a way which will not disturb the satisfaction of needs of the generations to come. The aim of the paper is to present a selection of ratios for sustainable development in Poland which reflect the living conditions of the Polish citizens in the context of assumptions and objectives adopted in the UN 2030 Agenda.
Not So Easy After All
Authors: Tamte Roger R.
Published: January 2019

A week before an important 1883 Thanksgiving Day game in New York City, Harvard’s faculty athletic committee bans Harvard’s football team from participating, saying football is becoming brutal and dangerous. They are persuaded to withdraw their ban but after the game initiate a conference of colleges seeking to create a multicollege, interinstitutional athletic oversight organization. The conference promulgates resolutions, but most colleges refuse to accept them and the effort is abandoned. Yale’s Professor Eugene Richards writes a scholarly article in Popular Science defending college athletics and student management, and Camp adds his own newspaper letter published in three New York City papers in support of similar views.
“Having Waited in Vain”
Authors: Tamte Roger R.
Published: January 2019

Camp is employed in 1884 by the New Haven Clock Company (NHCC) and begins work that fall in the company’s New York City store. In 1885 Harvard’s faculty athletic committee bans football at Harvard as too brutal. Continuing to be involved in football and its management and promotion, Camp responds to the Harvard ban in the Yale News, contending that the Harvard faculty committee members have not sufficiently informed themselves about the game to make sound decisions. He gives an impassioned description of players’ love for football. Harvard resigns from, and Pennsylvania and Wesleyan join, the Intercollegiate Football Association. Later in the year, the Harvard athletic committee is reconstituted to include two students, a graduate interested in sports, a physician, and only one faculty member. The reconstituted committee reinstates football after a year’s absence, but Harvard remains out of the IFA.
An “American” Game of Football
Authors: Tamte Roger R.
Published: January 2019

In 1887, following a badly managed game between Princeton and Yale, the constitution of the Intercollegiate Football Association is amended by a diverse committee under Camp’s leadership comprising faculty, graduates, and students from multiple colleges. The revised constitution essentially transfers rule making to a committee of five alumni called the Graduate Advisory Committee (GAC). Camp is a member. The new GAC immediately moves American football to a new stage by expanding the allowable range of tackling on a runner’s body (moving the lower limit from the waist to the knees) and instituting interference whereby players on offense can block ahead of the runner. Camp says that about this time, American players begin to realize the game they are playing is a distinctive new American game for which they need to take responsibility. Camp writes introductory articles for this new game in Outing and Harper’s Weekly, which is soon followed by important new opportunities for him in newspaper and magazine writing.
Not Done Yet
Authors: Tamte Roger R.
Published: January 2019

The president of the New Haven Clock Company dies suddenly in August 1902, and Camp is immediately named general manager. After a wait of seven months, he is named company president; prior to his acceptance of the presidential appointment, a new capitalization for the company is arranged with significant new investment by the two principal shareholders. A month after appointment as president, Camp attends a football rules committee meeting and helps enact rules for 1903. Also in 1903, Camp is named a trustee and secretary-treasurer of Hopkins Grammar School and has an important role in helping the school’s financial and educational recovery.
In a Classroom of Their Own
Authors: Lindsay Keisha
Published: January 2019

Many supporters of all-black male schools (ABMS) argue that they reduce black boys’ exposure to racist, “overly” feminized teachers. In casting black boys as victims of intersecting racial and gendered oppression, these supporters -- many of whom are black males -- demand an end to racism in the classroom and do so on the sexist assumption that women teachers are emasculating. This rationale for ABMS raises two questions that feminist theory has lost sight of. Why do oppressed groups articulate their experience in ways that challenge and reproduce inequality? Is it possible to build emancipatory political coalitions among groups who make such claims? This book answers these questions by articulating a new politics of experience. It begins by demonstrating that intersectionality is a politically fluid rather than an always feminist analytical framework. It also reveals a dialectical reality in which groups’ experiential claims rest on harmful assumptions and foster emancipatory demands. This book concludes that black male supporters of single-gender schools for black boys can build worthwhile coalitions around this complex reality when they interrogate their own as well as their critics’ assumptions and demands. Doing so enables these supporters to engage in educational advocacy that recognizes the value of public schools while criticizing the quality of such schools available to black boys and black girls.
Jacek Dukaj’s Science Fiction as Philosophy
Authors: Frelik Paweł
Published: January 2019

This chapter focuses on Jacek Dukaj, arguably the most interesting voice in contemporary Polish science fiction: the author of six long novels, four long novellas/short novels, and a number of shorts stories, he is also a ten-time nominee and six-time winner of the Janusz Zajdel Award, as well as a recipient of the 2008 European Union Prize for Literature. Dukaj is not only a true heir to Stanisław Lem but, arguably, overshadows the Polish master in terms of narrative complexity and intellectual density. Characterized by narrative, philosophical, and aesthetic complexity, Dukaj’s prose lends itself to a number of readings and approaches, but three aspects of his writing make him unique, both domestically and in a broader context: the genre-bending versatility of his fiction; the unusual dynamic between the practice of worldbuilding and narrative plotting; and the degree to which the author uses science fiction to engage a number of political, social, and cultural aspects of Polish society. In all three spheres, he combines cutting-edge artistry with a critical attitude towards the science-fiction tradition at large and specific scientific, intellectual, and political discourses.
Laurent McAllister
Authors: Ransom Amy J.
Published: January 2019

This chapter introduces the work of Laurent McAllister, the collaborative pseudonym of the French-Canadian science-fiction writers Yves Meynard and Jean-Louis Trudel. It briefly situates the careers of Meynard and Trudel within the contexts of science fiction in Québec and the larger context of science-fiction and fantasy writing, surveying their collaborative oeuvre as McAllister. It then analyses how the Suprématie cycle (comprised of the novel by McAllister and several solo short stories by Trudel) presents a fictional universe best understood through the lens of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s “rhizome.” Finally, it examines the cycle’s engagement with contemporary science fiction’s most compelling topics, transhumanism and the posthuman.
Johanna Sinisalo and the New Weird
Authors: Roine Hanna-Riikka , Samola Hanna
Published: January 2019

This chapter analyzes the Finnish author Johanna Sinisalo’s 2013 novel Auringon ydin [The core of the sun] in the contexts of speculative fiction, dystopia, and fairy tale to provide an illustrative example of Sinisalo’s oeuvre. The novel combines various elements, genres, and text-types in a self-reflexive and parodic way, which both gives the novel a peculiar twist and offers an interesting viewpoint on the Finnish weird. The novel’s fabulous thought experiment combines the depiction of human domestication with real documents addressing eugenics and sterilization and the domestication of silver foxes. The chapter also discusses dystopian and fairy-tale elements in the novel and suggests that while Sinisalo draws from multiple sources in her writing, she can be considered a science-fiction writer due to her focus on the thought experiment.
Peruvian Lives across Borders
Authors: Alcalde M. Cristina
Published: January 2019

Peruvian Lives across Borders focuses on the transnational lives of middle and upper-class transnational Peruvians. Among the Peruvians whose migration trajectories this book examines, return as a possibility, impossibility, or reality looms large. The lens of return provides one way to understand what transnational Peruvians desire, reject, or feel ambivalent about in constructions of home and Peruvianness. Employing return as a critical lens and through an intersectional approach, the book presents an intentional departure from the more prevalent focus on international labor migrants from lower and working classes in migration scholarship, and particularly among anthropologists. It suggests that a critical examination of middle and upper-class Peruvians’ migration experiences reveals as much about individual trajectories and class dimensions of migration as about broader constructions of Peruvianness and home that inform the everyday lives of Peruvians across multiple differences and spaces. A close look at Peruvian individual lives across settings in the United States, Canada, Germany, and Peru, and affective and material attachments to and practices in those settings, exposes the lived realities of everyday negotiations surrounding return to a home that is fundamentally made up of processes of inclusion and exclusion based on social hierarchies of gender, location, language, race, sexual identity, and class.
Hollywood
Authors: Clark Walter Aaron
Published: January 2019

The Romeros moved to Hollywood in 1958, where they established a studio for teaching guitar. Starting in 1960, the quartet performed in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, and New York, and was making recordings on the Contemporary and Mercury labels. The guitar had become the dominant instrument of that period, and there was a ready market for a quartet of Spaniards playing classical and flamenco favorites. They were soon touring throughout the U.S., in cities large and small. The highlight of the 1960s was their appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show, in 1967, a decade after their arrival in California and the year in which they became U.S. citizens. This was also the year in which they premiered Joaquín Rodrigo’s Concierto andaluz, written for the quartet. Pepe and Angel were deemed unsuited for military service and not drafted.
American Society in the Old Ozarks
Authors: Blevins Brooks
Published: January 2019

Chapter 6 takes an in-depth look at the society created by the antebellum pioneers of the Ozarks. This chapter discusses the development of the key denominations in the region’s formal religious establishment and efforts to establish public, private, and higher education institutions. In addition, Chapter 6 includes discussions of slavery, politics, and vigilante violence in the antebellum Ozarks, including the exploits of the so-called “Slicker War” that raged in parts of the region for several years. The fits and starts of society in the Ozarks reflected the struggles and challenges of an evolving American region.
The Conquest of Space
Authors: Westfahl Gary
Published: January 2019

This chapter describes how Clarke’s science fiction consistently advocates, and vividly depicts, humanity’s future achievements in space. Without providing a consistent “Future History,” his stories collectively argue that humans will gradually colonize space stations, the moon, Mars, and other planets and moons, though humans may never advance beyond the solar system. Clarke unusually acknowledges the need for computers in space, and instead of featuring pioneering expeditions, he usually focuses on the everyday lives of space colonists, emphasizing both the perils of space life and its potential benefits, such as greater longevity. Living aliens are rarely encountered, though evidence of ancient aliens may be detected. Clarke’s major novel about human space travel, Imperial Earth (1975), explores life on Titan by chronicling a resident’s visit to Earth.
Water, Cacao, and The Early Maya of Chocóla
Authors: Kaplan Jonathan , Paredes Umaña Federico
Published: January 2019

Before the authors’ research, Chocolá was no more than an intriguing legend. Chocolá’s apparent political links to the greatest Preclassic southern Maya area polity, Kaminaljuyu, would make any discovery about Chocolá conceivably vital to a better understanding of Maya origins and New World archaeology, as both ancient cities are located in the Southern Maya Region. Two facts led researchers to search more specifically for the material bases for Chocolá’s rise to power: 1) Mesoamerica’s greatest rainfall, 2) cacao groves around the modern village lying atop the ancient city. Cacao was so important to the Maya that, mythologically, the cacao god was the maize god’s brother and uncle of the “Hero Twins,” conceived as the aboriginal creators of the Maya people. If water control systems have been documented archaeologically at virtually all great ancient cities around the world, cacao is uniquely a Maya “invention,” the Maya being the first people in the world to domesticate the plant and cultivate it through intensive agriculture. These two discoveries—impressive water management and cacao at Preclassic Chocolá—likely are not coincidental. A complex, hierarchical society would have been in place for arboriculture of water-thirsty cacao for long-distance ancient trade. Thus, two material substances, one necessary for human survival, the other highly valued throughout Mesoamerica as consumable and essential in Maya mythology, may explain, in part, how this and other Southern Maya “kingdoms of chocolate” may represent a “sweet beginning” for one of the greatest civilizations of the ancient world.
The Promise of Free Labor
Authors: MacKay Stuart
Published: January 2019

Chapter 5 examines the writings of Carl Schurz, a key figure in the Republican party, during his 1865 survey of the condition of postwar South. Schurz’s writings reveal how Republicans first articulated the ideology of free labor and how these ideologies were challenged by the immediate political, economic, and racial disruptions in the postwar South during the early stages of Reconstruction. This chapter also explores how free labor was transformed from being considered as a “natural” process to one where political action would be necessary to implement it. Schurz’s ideological transformation is a reminder that ill-defined theories and programs regarding free labor must first take into account local and political factors.
Edible Insects and Human Evolution
Authors: Lesnik Julie J.
Published: January 2019

In Edible Insects and Human Evolution, Julie Lesnik investigates insects in the human diet from an evolutionary perspective. In May of 2013, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization proposed that insects as food should be strongly considered as a means of addressing the increased food demands of our growing global population. One area of investigation proposed by the FAO included more thoroughly understanding the nutritional value of insects in order to promote them as a healthy food choice. This book not only reviews the available evidence of insect nutritional values, but also explores the roles different nutrients play in human reproduction and development. Over the course of our evolution, our nutritional demands greatly increased, in part due to the evolution of our large brains. Insects are a high-quality food resource that was likely exploited by our ancestors in order to increase dietary quality during these critical times. Utilizing examples from hunter-gatherer populations as well as nonhuman primates, this book reconstructs the role of insects in the hominin diet over the course of human evolution. This low-risk food source would have offered nutrients that were otherwise difficult to obtain, making it especially appealing to females supporting young offspring. Historically, the literature surrounding the diet of our ancestors focused on hunting and meat eating, which has permeated into the current diet fad known as the paleo diet. This book argues that insects were just as important as meat in the past and that today they offer a sustainable alternative to meat.
Word and Image
Authors: Green Alexandra
Published: January 2019

As Chapter Four demonstrates, the murals were part of the efflorescence of Nyaungyan and Konbaung dynasty literary activity, visual counterparts to vernacular, Pāli, and dramatic productions. The narratives in the Burmese wall paintings were new tellings of old stories, drawing on Pāli texts and oral traditions, that were shaped to serve the purposes of the temples that housed the murals, reflecting the established repertoire, the desires and goals of donors, and the roles of the artists and monk producers. This chapter explores the various ways in which Burmese wall paintings connected with and related to “words,” both of the written and spoken variety. Textually and visually, Burmese wall paintings incorporated literary concepts in three main ways. First, the prose captions of the murals functioned as glosses to the visual narrative. Secondly, the popularization of drama and narration in Burmese society connected with a focus on an extended narrative format in the murals. Thirdly, the embellishments of descriptive prose and poetry paralleled the illustration of elaborate settings in the murals. The wall paintings formed a nexus of oral, visual, and textual traditions, linking them together through biographical memorialization.
A Distinctive Chinese Contribution
Authors: Wong Wai Ching Angela
Published: January 2019

Wong Wai Ching Angela takes a closer look at the groundbreaking ordinations of the first five Anglican women priests in the Diocese of Hong Kong and Macau, originally a part of the CHSKH. She examines the controversy surrounding the debate of women’s ordination in the province before and after the war, tracing the roles of Bishop R. O. Hall and Bishop Gilbert Baker. This chapter highlights the “Chinese factor” that specially made the four first ordinations of the Anglican Communion possible. Wong argues that this distinctive Chinese contribution to women’s ordination in Hong Kong took place at an ambivalent crossroads, where cultural transition and the transformation from an English to a Chinese church, endowed with a Chinese reformist spirit of the time, met. The Chinese church decided to take the right opportunity at the right place at the right time and so made a distinctive decision in the Anglican Communion.
The Social Contributions of a Chinese Anglican Woman Intellectual
Authors: Ruiwen Chen
Published: January 2019

The author’s great-grandmother, Zhan Aimei, was born into a peasant family in rural Fujian and educated by British missionaries, becoming a Christian teacher, wife and mother. The trajectory of her life provides rare insight into the fruits of Anglican missionary work from a Chinese perspective. Zhan Aimei married a missionary-trained doctor, Lin Dao’an, and had ten children, the oldest of whom, Lin Buji, studied in the United States and became dean of Christ Church Cathedral and president of Trinity College Fuzhou. The author uses documents, interviews and missionary accounts to recreate the extraordinary life of an ordinary woman.
On Philosophical Problems: Some Remarks on an Old Battlefield
Authors: Renz Ursula
Published: January 2019

Hanjo Glock has recently argued that, while the study of the past can be useful to substantive philosophy, it is by no means indispensable, and he advocates a pragmatic attitude which considers the study of the past as useful insofar as it allows for a better argumentative analysis of trans-historical problems. To get beyond this perspective, the chapter first examines Glock’s characterisation of philosophical problems, which resonates with Bertrand Russell’s conception, and compares it with Paul Natorp’s view, before discussing the principles underlying Hans-Georg Gadamer’s epistemology of interpretive understanding, which results from the latter’s critique of problematic history. The chapter concludes by arguing that even though engagement with classical philosophical texts might not be necessary to the solution of specific problems, it is nonetheless essential to philosophy as a whole discipline.
Caracterização de parâmetros físico – químicos e correlações com o manganês nos afluentes da barragem Santa Bárbara, Pelotas, RS
Authors: Kath Aline Hernandez , Timm Janaína Garcia , Monks Jander Luis Fernandes
Published: January 2019

A Barragem Santa Bárbara localizada na cidade de Pelotas/RS possui quatro afluentes principais que por sua vez recebem despejos sanitários e industriais. A caracterização físico-química destas águas é importante para que o tratamento aplicado seja adequado e eficiente uma vez que são águas com fins de abastecimento público e que apresentam histórico de contaminação por excesso de manganês. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar os principais afluentes da Barragem Santa Bárbara através de análises físico-químicas (pH, cloretos, oxigênio consumido, nitrogênio amoniacal, fósforo total, turbidez, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio e manganês total) e avaliar as correlações entre os parâmetros e o manganês. Para tal foram coletados dados físico – químicos nos registros do Serviço Autônomo de Saneamento de Pelotas (SANEP), referentes ao período de 2010 a 2015. Os parâmetros pH, cloretos, turbidez e oxigênio consumido estiveram de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos pela Resolução 357/05 do CONAMA; fósforo total, nitrogênio amoniacal, DBO5 e manganês total apresentaram resultados acima do permitido pela lei. O estudo das relações dos parâmetros físico-químicos com o Manganês mostrou haver correlações positivas e significativas entre Mn-Ptotal, no Epaminondas; Mn-Oconsumido no Epaminondas e na Sanga da Barbuda e Mn-Turbidez na Sanga da Barbuda, no Sítio Floresta e no Passo do Cunha.
O tema biodiversidade em artigos do encontro de pesquisa em educação ambiental na perspectiva fleckiana
Authors: Silva Emlly Hanna
Published: January 2019

Esse artigo é parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado norteado pela seguinte questão: Que estilos de pensamento sobre biodiversidade circulam nos artigos do Encontro de Pesquisa em Educação Ambiental-EPEA e como se vinculam a Educação Patrimonial Ambiental? O objetivo foi analisar as contribuições epistemológicas de Fleck no contexto da Educação Patrimonial Ambiental publicadas no EPEA acerca de biodiversidade. O trabalho foi viabilizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica em ambiente virtual, sites do EPEA, específicos para cada evento. Os artigos selecionados foram de seis encontros, no período de 2001 a 2011 e seguiram alguns critérios da análise de conteúdo estabelecidos por Bardin. Com base na espistemologia Fleckiana identificamos onze estilos de pensamento sobre biodiversidade, quais sejam: Patrimonial Ambiental; Utilitarista; Sistêmico; Naturalista/ecológico/biológico; Humanista; Ambiental Critica; Cultural; Conservacionista; Cientifico; Resolutivo; Sustentável. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que alguns estilos circulam nos coletivos de pensamentos esotérico (os autores) e exotérico (estudantes e comunidades pesquisados). A Educação Patrimonial Ambiental esteve vinculada aos artigos do EPEA como Estilo de Pensamento que retratou a preocupação com a biodiversidade enquanto patrimônio natural, cultural e biológico.