bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die autokatalytische Natur der kathodischen Reduktion von Salpetersäure zu salpetriger Säure I. Zur Deutung stationärer strom‐Spannungs‐Kurven
Authors: Schmid Gerhard
Published: September 2023

Als Durchtrittsreaktion bei der kathodischen Reduktion von Salpetersäure zu salpetriger Säure wurde von Bonhoeffer und Mitarbeitern der Vorgang von Abelangenommen.

Eine kritische Betrachtung ergibt, daß zwischen den beiden Annahmen auf Grund einer elektrochemschkinetischen Analyse zur Zeit nicht entschieden werden kann. Den Darlegungen von Vetter, die zugunsten der 1. Annahme zu sprechen schienen, kann nicht zugestimmt werden.

Die Anwendung der Abelschen Kinetik führt zu folgenden beiden primären Elektrodenreaktionen, die nicht mehr weiter analysiert werden können:

magnified image

In der kathodischen Grenzschicht setzt alsdann die autokatalytische und verhältnismäßig langsame Rückbildung der ursprünglich an der Kathode verbrauchten HNO2aus NO und HNO3ein. Diese, der eigentlichen Elektrodenreaktion nachgelagerte chemische Rückbildung der salpetrigen Säure unter Verbrauch von Salpetersäure beeinflußt den primär durch die Diffusion der salpetrigen Säure gesteuerten kathodischen Grenzstrom in schwer zu übersehender Weise.

Die bisherigen Versuche lassen vermuten, daß die Abelsche Reaktionskinetik den Kern der Deutung trifft. Um jedoch genauere Aufschlüsse über den autokatalytischen Charakter der kathodischen Salpetersäurereduktion zu bekommen, sind stationäre Strom‐Spannungs‐Kurven an gerührten Elektrolyten, wie sic bisher ausschließlich aufgenommen worden sind, kein sehr geeignetes Hilfsmittel. Über neue Versuche zum Studium des Einschaltvorganges in nichtgerührten Elektrolyten soll in einigen folgenden Mitteilungen berichtet werden.
Untersuchungen an Detonations‐ und Stoßwellenfronten mit Hilfe von Mikrowellen
Authors: Koch B.
Published: September 2023

Die bei Detonationen in festen Sprengstoffen oder explosiven Gasgemischen auftretenden Reaktionsfronten verursachen ebenso wie die in verdünnten Gasen mechanisch erzeugten Stoßwellenfronten infolge ihrer temperaturbedingten Leitfähigkeit meßbare Absorptions‐ und Reflexionseffekte an Mikrowellen, die auf die Reaktionszone entweder senkrecht zur Front oder transversal zu deren Ausbreitungsrichtung auftreffen. Es ist auf diese Weise zunächst möglich, den Geschwindigkeitsablauf solcher Vorgänge mit einer räumlichen Auflösung in der Größenordnung der halben Wellenlänge der Meßstrahlung und im allgemeinen guter Meßgenauigkeit zu verfolgen, ohne daß experimentelle Vorkehrungen an den Versuchsstrecken getroffen werden müssen, die unter Umständen einen Einfluß auf den Vorgang besitzen. An Hand des zeitlichen Ablaufs und der Größe der Mikrowellenabsorption ergeben sich ferner Hinweise auf die Ionisationsmechanismen (u.a. die Elektronenstoßfrequenzen) sowie auf das Gleichgewicht mit den bekannten oder anderweitig gemessenen kinetischen Gastemperaturen. Es werden Ergebnisse einiger typischer Meßbeispiele erörtert sowie Hinweise für die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten des Verfahrens auf die Untersuchung von Stoßwellenvorgängen in nichtleitenden Festkörpern gegeben.
Untersuchungen mit Lasern
Authors: Schäfer F. P.
Published: September 2023

Es wird zunächst ein Überblick über die atomaren und molekularen Systeme gegeben, die in den heute wichtigsten Lasern verwendet werden, wobei die Eigenschaften der Farbstofflaser näher erörtert werden. Es wird dann das reversible Ausbleichen der Absorption in Farbstofflösungen und die Anwendung dieses Effekts zur Erzeugung von Riesenimpulsen erläutert und auf die Absorption in höher angeregte Zustände eingegangen. Eine Weiterentwicklung dieses Verfahrens führte zur Erzeugung von ultrakurzen (10−10bis 10−12sec) Lichtimpulsen, deren Zustandekommen, Messung und Anwendung zur Bestimmung von molekularen Relaxationszeiten ausführlicher behandelt wird.
Investigating the risk factors of penile arterial insufficiency and veno‐occlusive dysfunction in patients with erectile dysfunction
Authors: Habous Mohamad , Khattak Ahmed , Farag Mohammed , Binsaleh Saleh , Ralph David , Aziz Mohammed , Bettocchi Carlo , Muir Gordon
Published: September 2023

Objective

To investigate the risk factors for penile arterial insufficiency (PAI), which is a known cause of erectile dysfunction (ED).

Methods

Patients who attended our urology clinic complaining of ED for more than 6 months were prospectively enrolled in this study over 1‐year period. Patient consent was taken and ethical committee approval. Complete medical history and thorough general and local examination including body mass index (BMI), Peyronie's disease (PD) and penile size measurements (length and girth) were done for all of them. Laboratory tests included testosterone, lipid profile and glycated haemoglobin (HA1c). A penile duplex ultrasound study (PDU) was done for all patients after intracavernosal injection (ICI) with alprostadil. Peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end‐diastolic velocity (EDV) were measured after 15 min. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS.

Results

A total of 440 patients were enrolled in this analysis. The mean age was 48(23–81), and the mean BMI was 30 (18–51). Older patients had lower PSV (r = −0.361, P = 0.000) and higher EDV (r = 0.174, P = 0.001), and both correlations were highly statistically significant. Diabetics had lower PSV (r = −0.318, P = 0.000) and higher EDV (r = 0.139, P = 0.008), which were also highly statistically significant. Smokers had lower PSV (r = −0.140, P = 0.008) and higher EDV (r = 0.178, P = 0.001), which were highly statistically significant. Men with larger penises measured skin to tip had lower EDV (r = −0.119, P = 0.024), which was less significant. Interestingly, there was neither a significant correlation between BMI and PSV (0.16, P = 0.745) nor a significant correlation between testosterone and PSV (0.029, P = 0.552). Also, there was no correlation between PSV and both dyslipidaemia and penile PD.

Conclusions

Ageing, tobacco consumption, DM and hypertension seem to have a negative impact on penile haemodynamics, which was statistically significant. In our patients, there was no statistically significant effect on penile haemodynamics in patients with increased BMI, low testosterone or PD or according to the size of the penis.
Examining sustainable supply chain management via a social‐symbolic work lens: Lessons from Patagonia
Authors: Shourkaei Mojtaba M. , Taylor Kelsey M. , Dyck Bruno
Published: September 2023

Patagonia, Inc. is widely recognized as a leading brand in sustainable supply chain management in the garment industry, an industry known for its sustainability shortcomings. This study examines Patagonia's supply chain practices through a social‐symbolic work lens. It describes the intentional material work related to Patagonia's inputs, throughputs, and outputs, and also its complementary relational and discursive work. We argue that Patagonia's relational and discursive work are crucial to understanding how Patagonia (a) pursues sustainable supply chain practices, (b) influences its stakeholders to support sustainability, and (c) has positive spillover effects beyond its primary stakeholders. Incorporating a social‐symbolic work lens draws attention to important theoretical and managerial insights—in particular, the need for a holistic rather than reductionist approach and the merit in creating self‐reinforcing positive feedback loops—which are prone to be overlooked in conventional studies of sustainable supply chain management.
Matcha‐silver nanoparticles reduce gamma radiation‐induced oxidative and inflammatory responses by activating SIRT1 and NLRP‐3 signaling pathways in the Wistar rat spleen
Authors: Hamed Noha Sayed , Taha Eman F. S. , Khateeb Sahar
Published: September 2023

The biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles has drawn significant attention. The spleen is the largest lymphatic organ that is adversely impacted during irradiation. The current study was designated to evaluate the possible anti‐inflammatory effect of matcha‐silver nanoparticles (M‐AgNPs) to reduce inflammation associated with γ‐radiation induced‐oxidative stress and inflammation in rats' spleen. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by biogenic synthesis using a green sonochemical method from matcha (M) green tea. The obtained M‐AgNPs were extensively characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Using zetasizer analysis, the surface charge, particle size, and radical scavenging DPPH assay of M‐AgNPs were also examined. Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity were analyzed by MTT assay, and the IC50 was calculated. Four groups of 24 Wistar rats each had an equal number of animals. The next step involved measuring the levels of oxidative stress markers in the rat splenic tissue. Additionally, the amounts of inflammatory protein expression were evaluated using the ELISA analysis. The results indicated the formation of spherical nanoparticles of pure Ag° coated with matcha polyphenols at the nanoscale, as well as uniform monodisperse particles suited for cellular absorption. Results revealed that M‐AgNPs improved all biochemical parameters. Furthermore, M‐AgNPs relieve inflammation by reducing the expression of NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and enhancing the levels of ileSnt information regulator 1 (SIRT1). Histopathological examinations demonstrated the ability of M‐AgNPs to overcome the damage consequent to irradiation and recover the spleen's cellular structure. These results confirmed that matcha is a potential biomaterial for synthesizing AgNPs, which can be exploited for their anti‐inflammatory activity.
COVID‐19: Medical Waste Management, Impact on Sustainable Development Goals, and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Olabi Abdul Ghani , Shehata Nabila , Obaideen Khaled , Sayed Enas Taha , Mahmoud Montaser , AlMallahi Maryam Nooman , Abdelkareem Mohammad Ali
Published: September 2023

This comprehensive review examines various methods of treating medical waste in the context of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). A bibliometric analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of COVID‐19 on medical waste, which showed a notable increase in publications in recent years. Findings indicate that thermal treatment with energy recovery, including pyrolysis, gasification, oxidation, and plasma gasification, is the most effective approach for managing medical waste. However, research on the impacts of medical waste on SDGs is insufficient, warranting further investigations to better understand the intersections between medical waste management and the SDGs. The need for international cooperation and collaboration in addressing medical waste management challenges, especially during crises, is highlighted. Understanding the links between medical waste management and the SDGs is crucial in developing sustainable solutions aligned with the global sustainability agenda. Further research and international collaboration are needed to address the challenges associated with medical waste management and contribute to the achievement of the SDGs.
Structure and Conformation of Individual Molecules upon Adsorption of a Mixture of Benzoporphyrins on Ag(111), Cu(111), and Cu(110) Surfaces
Authors: Adhikari Rajan , Brox Jan , Massicot Stephen , Ruppel Michael , Jux Norbert , Marbach Hubertus , Steinrück Hans‐Peter
Published: September 2023

The front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Prof. Dr. Hans‐Peter Steinrück and Prof. Dr. Norbert Jux at the Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg. The image shows a mixture of six 2H‐tetrakis‐(3, 5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐phenyl)(x)benzoporphyrins (2H‐diTTBP(x)BPs, x = 0, 1, 2‐cis, 2‐trans, 3, or 4) molecules forming a porous square structure on Ag(111) as observed in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at room temperature. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202300355.
Sensorless model predictive control based on I‐f integrated sliding mode observer for surface permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Liu Pu , Cui Yibo , Wang Cong , Liang Yan , Chang Zhongting , Han Kun , Shen Siyuan , Zuo Guangjie
Published: September 2023

Due to the limited fast dynamic response of the dual proportional‐integral (PI) control strategy in sensorless speed control, a novel composite control strategy is proposed for sensorless control of the full speed range of the surface‐mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor. This strategy combines dual closed‐loop model predictive control (MPC) with a sliding mode observer (SMO) and a constant current‐frequency ratio (I‐f). The I‐f control scheme is employed in the low‐speed range, while the SMO is utilized for motor speed and rotor position estimation in the medium and high‐speed ranges, enabling the dual‐loop MPC. Furthermore, a new smooth switching method is proposed for transitioning between the two control methods. In addition, the MPC outer loop parameters were thoroughly analyzed and optimized for better dynamic performance of sensorless control. The steady‐state performance of this control strategy is compared to PI control and improved the dynamic responsiveness of the system. Experiments have verified the feasibility of this strategy. Under the control of the MPC outer loop, the steady‐state speed fluctuation of the motor is within 10 r/min. Compared to PI control, the motor settling time was reduced by 17% and 60% during the start‐up phase and after a sudden speed change, respectively.
A new floor function single‐carrier‐based modulated model predictive current control technique for single‐phase PUC5 inverter topology
Authors: Bhanuchandar Aratipamula , Murthy Bhagwan K.
Published: September 2023

In this paper, a new floor function (F2) single‐carrier (SC)‐based modulated model predictive current control technique (M2PC2T) has been proposed by considering the conventional single‐phase five‐level packed U‐cell (PUC5) inverter topology. Generally, to regulate the output current, the finite control set‐based MPC technique without a modulator inherently operates with variable switching frequency, and it is unsuitable for industrial applications. To alleviate this, authors have implemented M2PC2T, which provides constant switching frequency of operation. In this technique, generally, the predictive algorithm has been integrated with any modulation stage. However, while the implementation of pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques, most authors have used conventional PWM techniques which further increases the control complexity as the level number increases. In this manuscript, a simple and generalized F2‐SC‐PWM technique has been proposed and integrated with the predictive algorithm. This PWM technique implementation process is very simple as compared with all conventional PWM techniques since even if the level number increases, the number of modulating and carrier signals is always only one. Finally, the complete closed‐loop control technique is called a generalized F2‐SC‐M2PC2T which is suitable for all stiff direct current (dc) sources and switched capacitor‐type multilevel inverter (MLI) topologies. The proposed control technique (PCT) has been experimentally verified with different transient and steady‐state case studies by considering resistive‐inductive load.
Quantification of (9R)‐ and (9S)‐hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) via GC–MS in serum/plasma samples from drivers suspected of cannabis consumption and immunological detection of HHC and related substances in serum, urine, and saliva
Authors: Höfert Lisa , Becker Susen , Dreßler Jan , Baumann Sven
Published: September 2023

The semisynthetic cannabinoid hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) is currently getting a lot of media attention because the legal status in many countries is not clearly specified. In this study, a GC–MS method for the quantification of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11‐hydroxy‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (11‐OH‐THC), and 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC‐COOH) was extended to (9R)‐ and (9S)‐HHC. The applicability was proven by serum/plasma samples from drivers suspected of cannabis consumption. Limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were 0.15 and 0.25 ng/mL, respectively. Within‐run imprecision was <6.5% and between‐run imprecision was <10.0%. Inter‐injection stability, processed sample stability (3 days), freeze–thaw stability (three cycles), and storage stability (1 week room temperature; 1 month 4°C, −20°C) could be proven. Both HHC diastereomers could be detected in 17 (5.3%) out of 321 analyzed samples from traffic controls in Western Saxony. The mean ratio between (9R)‐ and (9S)‐HHC was 1.99 (CV = 14.6%). Quantification resulted in concentrations between <LLOQ and 35.35 ng/mL for (9R)‐HHC and <LLOQ and 21.76 ng/mL for (9S)‐HHC. Additionally, cross‐reactivities of HHC, 11‐hydroxy‐hexahydrocannabinol (11‐OH‐HHC), 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐hexahydrocannabinol (HHC‐COOH), hexahydrocannabiphorol (HHC‐P), hexahydrocannabinol acetate (HHC‐O), and tetrahydrocannabidiol (H4‐CBD) were evaluated in five immunological screening tests for serum, urine, and saliva. Urine test strips and ELISA tests for the detection in serum seem to be beneficial to detect HHC consumption in comparison with saliva tests. HHC analogs and H4‐CBD showed no cross‐reactivity with any of the tests.
A basic study of pretreatment method using antibody modified with glucose oxidase for pungent‐taste measurement of taste sensor
Authors: Hirayama Yuki , Onodera Takeshi
Published: September 2023

A polyclonal antibody against the analog of piperine, which is a typical pungent taste substance, was produced, and its binding ability to piperine was evaluated using a surface plasmon resonance sensor. The antibody was labeled with glucose oxidase (GOx), and the hydrogen ions produced by the enzymatic reaction were measured at a lipid polymer membrane electrode for sourness in a taste sensor. The results showed that piperine could be detected by that polyclonal antibody; the response of the sourness sensor increased in dependence on the GOx‐labeled antibody concentration when the GOx of GOx‐labeled antibody was reacted with glucose. Thus, it was shown that uncharged pungent compounds can be converted into hydrogen ions. Pungent taste can be measured by the taste sensor using GOx‐labeled antibodies, and GOx‐labeled antibodies can be used as a pretreatment.
Relationship between baseline electrocardiographic measurements and outcomes in patients with high‐risk heart failure: Insights from the VerICiguaT Global Study in Subjects with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (VICTORIA) trial
Authors: Yogasundaram Haran , Zheng Yinggan , Ly Eric , Ezekowitz Justin , Ponikowski Piotr , Lam Carolyn S.P. , O'Connor Christopher , Blaustein Robert O. , Roessig Lothar , Temple Tracy , Westerhout Cynthia M. , Armstrong Paul W. , Sandhu Roopinder K. ,   for the VICTORIA Study Group
Published: September 2023

Aims

Whether electrocardiographic (ECG) measurements predict mortality in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is unknown.

Methods and results

We studied 4880 patients from the Vericiguat Global Study in Subjects with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (VICTORIA) trial with a baseline 12‐lead ECG. Associations between ECG measurements and mortality were estimated as hazard ratios (HR) and adjusted for the Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC) risk score, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide, and index event. Select interactions between ECG measurements, patient characteristics and mortality were examined. Over a median of 10.8 months, there were 824 cardiovascular (CV) deaths (214 sudden) and 1005 all‐cause deaths. Median age was 68 years (interquartile range [IQR] 60–76), 24% were women, median ejection fraction was 30% (IQR 23–35), 41% had New York Heart Association class III/IV, and median MAGGIC score was 24 (IQR 19–28). After multivariable adjustment, significant associations existed between heart rate (per 5 bpm: HR 1.02), QRS duration (per 10 ms: HR 1.02), absence of left ventricular hypertrophy (HR 0.64) and CV death, and similarly so with all‐cause death (HR 1.02; HR 1.02; HR 0.61, respectively). Contiguous pathologic Q waves were significantly associated with sudden death (HR 1.46), and right ventricular hypertrophy with all‐cause death (HR 1.44). The only sex‐based interaction observed was for pathologic Q waves on CV (men: HR 1.05; women: HR 1.64, pinteraction = 0.024) and all‐cause death (men: HR 0.99; women: HR 1.57; pinteraction = 0.010). Whereas sudden death doubled in females, it did not differ among males (male: HR 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–1.79; female: HR 2.50, 95% CI 1.23–5.06; pinteraction = 0.141).

Conclusion

Routine ECG measurements provide additional prognostication of mortality in high‐risk HFrEF patients, particularly in women with contiguous pathologic Q waves.
An update on the potential mechanism of gallic acid as an antibacterial and anticancer agent
Authors: Keyvani‐Ghamsari Saeedeh , Rahimi Maryam , Khorsandi Khatereh
Published: September 2023

Drug resistance to antibacterial and anticancer drugs is one of the most important global problems in the treatment field that is constantly expanding and hinders the recovery and survival of patients. Therefore, it is necessary to identify compounds that have antibacterial and anticancer properties or increase the effectiveness of existing drugs. One of these approaches is using natural compounds that have few side effects and are effective. Gallic acid (GA) has been identified as one of the most important plant polyphenols that health‐promoting effects in various aspects such as bacterial and viral infections, cancer, inflammatory, neuropsychological, gastrointestinal, and metabolic disease. Various studies have shown that GA inhibits bacterial growth by altering membrane structure, and bacterial metabolism, and inhibits biofilm formation. Also, GA inhibits cancer cell growth by targeting different signaling pathways in apoptosis, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, targeting the cell cycle, and inhibiting oncogenes and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression. Due to the powerful function of GA against bacteria and cancer cells. In this review, we describe the latest findings in the field of the sources and chemical properties of GA, its pharmacological properties and bioavailability, the antibacterial and anticancer activities of GA, and its derivatives alone, in combination with other drugs and in the form of nanoformulation. This review can be a comprehensive perspective for scientists to use medicinal compounds containing GA in future research and expand its clinical applications.
Management of cognitive frailty: A network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhou Jing‐Jing , Zhang Xu‐Ming , Liu Jing‐Ting , Li Min‐Rui , Liang Jia‐Yi , Gao Yu‐Lin
Published: September 2023

Objectives

We aimed to compare the effectiveness of interventions in cognitive function and frailty status and rank these interventions.

Methods

Data Sources‐We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and Google scholar. Data synthesis‐The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk bias assessment tool. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the Chi‐square test and quantified by I2. The results were pooled using the standardized mean difference (SMD). The rank probability for each intervention was calculated using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Additionally, the quality of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach.

Results

A total of 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1110 patients were included in our analysis. The network map of cognitive function comprised 9 RCTs with 1347 participants, examining eight different interventions. Nutritional support (SUCRA = 99.9%, SMD = 3.02, 95% CI: 2.53, 3.51) may be the most effective intervention to improve cognitive function. The network map of frailty (including 9 RCTs with 1017 participants and 9 interventions) suggested that multicomponent exercises (SUCRA = 96.4%, SMD = −5.10, 95% CI: −5.96, −4.23) tended to have a greater effect.

Conclusions

Community‐based multicomponent exercises have shown significant benefits for improving cognitive function and frailty status in older adults, with moderate certainty. For hospitalized older patients with Cognitive frailty (CF), current evidence suggests that nutritional support yields the most improvement. Additionally, aerobic exercise and dual‐task training have proven effective in managing CF. Further studies are needed to validate these preliminary findings and exploring more accessible and effective physical and cognitive interventions to prevent CF in aging.
Spatial whole transcriptome profiling of primary tumor from patients with metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Salachan Paul Vinu , Rasmussen Martin , Ulhøi Benedicte Parm , Jensen Jørgen Bjerggaard , Borre Michael , Sørensen Karina Dalsgaard
Published: September 2023

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a highly heterogeneous disease in terms of its molecular makeup and clinical prognosis. The prostate tumor microenvironment (TME) is hypothesized to play an important role in driving disease aggressiveness, but precise mechanisms remain elusive. In our study, we used spatial transcriptomics to explore for the first time the spatial gene expression heterogeneity within primary prostate tumors from patients with metastatic disease. In total, we analyzed 5459 tissue spots from three PCa patients comprising castration‐resistant (CRPC) and neuroendocrine (NEPC) disease stages. Within CRPC, we identified a T cell cluster whose activity might be impaired by nearby regulatory T cells, potentially mediating the aggressive disease phenotype. Moreover, we identified Hallmark signatures of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in a cancer‐associated fibroblast (CAF) cluster, indicating the aggressive characteristic of the primary TME leading to metastatic dissemination. Within NEPC, we identified active immune‐stroma cross‐talk exemplified by significant ligand‐receptor interactions between CAFs and M2 macrophages. Further, we identified a malignant cell population that was associated with the down‐regulation of an immune‐related gene signature. Lower expression of this signature was associated with higher levels of genomic instability in advanced PCa patients (SU2C cohort, n = 99) and poor recurrence free survival in early‐stage PCa patients (TCGA cohort, n = 395), suggesting prognostic biomarker potential. Taken together, our study reveals the importance of whole transcriptome profiling at spatial resolution for biomarker discovery and for advancing our understanding of tumor biology.
Intolerable feelings of uncertainty within the body: Associations between interoceptive awareness, intolerance of uncertainty, and body dissatisfaction
Authors: Bijsterbosch Jojanneke M. , Hasenack Birgit , van Rooijen Bregje , Sternheim Lot C. , Boelen Paul A. , Dijkerman H. Chris , Keizer Anouk
Published: September 2023

Background

Adolescence is a period marked by important physical and social changes, which often leads to an increase of body dissatisfaction. Recent studies have shown an association between interoception and body dissatisfaction in female adolescents. One variable that may contribute to the association between interoceptive awareness and body dissatisfaction is intolerance of uncertainty (IU). This study aims to investigate multiple facets of interoceptive awareness, IU, and their relations with body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls.

Methods

In a cross‐sectional study, a convenience sample of 307 adolescent girls (mean age = 17.73; SD = 1.02) was recruited in the Netherlands in 2022. Three questionnaires were completed measuring interoceptive awareness, IU, and body dissatisfaction. A moderation analyses using a multiple hierarchical regression was used to investigate associations between variables.

Results

Correlation analyses indicated that several facets of lower interoceptive awareness (Not distracting, Not worrying and Trusting) were related to higher levels of body dissatisfaction. IU only marginally moderated the relationship between several domains of interoceptive awareness (Notice, Attention regulation and Emotional awareness) and body dissatisfaction.

Discussion

Findings suggest that experiencing bodily signals as ambiguous and uncertain may result in more complex body image issues. Within certain domains of interoceptive awareness, IU may affect the process of appraising bodily signals. Furthermore, adolescent girls who do not feel safe in their body and who find it difficult to distract their thoughts when experiencing pain or discomfort in their body may be particularly at risk for developing more complex body image disturbances and may benefit from interventions improving both interoceptive awareness and IU. Moreover, future research should focus on interoceptive awareness and IU as potential underlying mechanisms for body image issues.
Profiling extracellular vesicle surface proteins with 10 µL peripheral plasma within 4 h
Authors: He Jie , Li Hengyu , Mai John , Ke Yuqing , Zhai Chunhui , Li Jiao Jiao , Jiang Lai , Shen Guangxia , Ding Xianting
Published: September 2023

Extracellular vesicle (EV) surface proteins, expressed by primary tumours, are important biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis. However, the detection of these EV proteins is complicated by their low abundance and interference from non‐EV components in clinical samples. Herein, we present a MEmbrane‐Specific Separation and two‐step Cascade AmpLificatioN (MESS2CAN) strategy for direct detection of EV surface proteins within 4 h. MESS2CAN utilises novel lipid probes (long chains linked by PEG2K with biotin at one end, and DSPE at the other end) and streptavidin‐coated magnetic beads, permitting a 49.6% EV recovery rate within 1 h. A dual amplification strategy with a primer exchange reaction (PER) cascaded by the Cas12a system then allows sensitive detection of the target protein at 10 EV particles per microliter. Using 4 cell lines and 90 clinical test samples, we demonstrate MESS2CAN for analysing HER2, EpCAM and EGFR expression on EVs derived from cells and patient plasma. MESS2CAN reports the desired specificity and sensitivity of EGFR (AUC = 0.98) and of HER2 (AUC = 1) for discriminating between HER2‐positive breast cancer, triple‐negative breast cancer and healthy donors. MESS2CAN is a pioneering method for highly sensitive in vitro EV diagnostics, applicable to clinical samples with trace amounts of EVs.
Noninvasive Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures of Glymphatic System Activity
Authors: Kamagata Koji , Saito Yuya , Andica Christina , Uchida Wataru , Takabayashi Kaito , Yoshida Seina , Hagiwara Akifumi , Fujita Shohei , Nakaya Moto , Akashi Toshiaki , Wada Akihiko , Kamiya Kouhei , Hori Masaaki , Aoki Shigeki
Published: September 2023

The comprehension of the glymphatic system, a postulated mechanism responsible for the removal of interstitial solutes within the central nervous system (CNS), has witnessed substantial progress recently. While direct measurement techniques involving fluorescence and contrast agent tracers have demonstrated success in animal studies, their application in humans is invasive and presents challenges. Hence, exploring alternative noninvasive approaches that enable glymphatic research in humans is imperative. This review primarily focuses on several noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, encompassing perivascular space (PVS) imaging, diffusion tensor image analysis along the PVS, arterial spin labeling, chemical exchange saturation transfer, and intravoxel incoherent motion. These methodologies provide valuable insights into the dynamics of interstitial fluid, water permeability across the blood–brain barrier, and cerebrospinal fluid flow within the cerebral parenchyma. Furthermore, the review elucidates the underlying concept and clinical applications of these noninvasive MRI techniques, highlighting their strengths and limitations. It addresses concerns about the relationship between glymphatic system activity and pathological alterations, emphasizing the necessity for further studies to establish correlations between noninvasive MRI measurements and pathological findings. Additionally, the challenges associated with conducting multisite studies, such as variability in MRI systems and acquisition parameters, are addressed, with a suggestion for the use of harmonization methods, such as the combined association test (COMBAT), to enhance standardization and statistical power. Current research gaps and future directions in noninvasive MRI techniques for assessing the glymphatic system are discussed, emphasizing the need for larger sample sizes, harmonization studies, and combined approaches. In conclusion, this review provides invaluable insights into the application of noninvasive MRI methods for monitoring glymphatic system activity in the CNS. It highlights their potential in advancing our understanding of the glymphatic system, facilitating clinical applications, and paving the way for future research endeavors in this field.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 5
Breeding of high‐tolerance yeast by adaptive evolution and high‐gravity brewing of mutant
Authors: Yang Tianyou , Zhang Shishuang , Pan Yuru , Li Xu , Liu Gaifeng , Sun Haiyan , Zhang Rongxian , Zhang Chaohui
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Ethanol and osmotic stresses are the major limiting factors for brewing strong beer with high‐gravity wort. Breeding of yeast strains with high osmotic and ethanol tolerance and studying very‐high‐gravity (VHG) brewing technology is of great significance for brewing strong beer.

RESULTS

This study used an optimized microbial microdroplet culture (MMC) system for adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae YN81 to improve its tolerance to osmotic and ethanol stress. Meanwhile, we investigated the VHG and VHG with added ethanol (VHGAE) brewing processes for the evolved mutants in brewing strong beer. The results showed that three evolved mutants were obtained; among them, the growth performance of YN81mc‐8.3 under 300, 340, 380, 420 and 460 g L−1 sucrose stresses was greater than that of the other strains. The ethanol tolerance of YN81mc‐8.3 was 12%, which was 20% higher than that of YN81. During strong‐beer brewing in a 100 L cylindrical cone‐bottom tank, the sugar utilization and ethanol yield of YN81mc‐8.3 outperformed those of YN81 in both the VHG and VHGAE brewing processes. Measurement of the diacetyl concentration showed that YN81mc‐8.3 had a stronger diacetyl reduction ability; in particular, the real degree of fermentation of beers brewed by YN81mc‐8.3 in VHG and VHGAE brewing processes was 75.35% and 66.71%, respectively – higher than those of the two samples brewed by YN81. Meanwhile, the visual, olfactive and gustative properties of the strong beer produced by YN81mc‐8.3 were better than those of the other beers.

CONCLUSION

In this study, the mutant YN81mc‐8.3 and the VHGAE brewing process were optimal and represented a better alternative strong‐beer brewing process. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Statically Multiple Colors and Dynamically Infrared Emissivity Modulation Compatible Electrochromic Devices via Simple Fabry–Perot Photonic Structures
Authors: Sun Wenhai , Zhang Xiang , Zhang Hulin , Ren Zichen , Chen Mingjun , Xiao Yingjun , Li Zitong , Deng Jianbo , Yan Dukang , Zhang Leipeng , Li Yao
Published: September 2023

The development of electrochromic devices (ECDs) that can dynamically modulate infrared (IR) emissivity while maintaining a wide color gamut distribution for visible (VIS)‐IR compatible spectral manipulation has been a long‐standing challenge. Current ECDs are limited by simultaneous changes in IR emissivity and VIS colors when subjected to external potential, restricting their potential applications. This work presents, for the first time, VIS–IR compatible ECDs capable of displaying VIS multicolor and dynamically modulating IR emissivity via a Ge/HfO2 Fabry–Perot cavity structure. The all‐solid‐state VIS‐IR compatible ECD with the structure of ITO/NiO/Ta2O5/Li/WO3/ITO/Ge/HfO2 achieves not only emissivity modulation of 0.20 at potentials of −2.5 V and +2.5 V in the wavelength range of 2.5–25 µm, but also, due to the presence of Fabry–Perot cavity, the novelty compatible device structure achieves static multicolor modulation, thus decoupling VIS and IR emissivity modulation. Additionally, a flexible VIS‐IR compatible ECD based on polyaniline is also constructed. This novel approach offers a promising possibility for multispectral compatible manipulation, VIS multicolor, and IR signal processing applications.
Structural Confinement Induced Near‐Unity Quantum Yield for Single‐Band Ratiometric Thermometry
Authors: Chang Jiwen , Wang Yu , Zhang Zixuan , Guo Dongxu , Zhao Peihang , Wang Nan , Wang Zhijun , Li Leipeng , Li Panlai , Suo Hao
Published: September 2023

Luminescence quenching at high dopant concentration and temperature typically limits the brightness of luminescence materials, which remains a major obstacle in diverse technological applications, especially in the field of luminescence thermometry. In this work, a unique class of non‐concentration quenching double‐tungstate phosphors is reported that feature the near‐unity quantum yield of Tb3+ and Eu3+ emissions induced by the structural confinement effect. Mechanistic studies affirm that the activator ions can be isolated in NaYW2O8 crystal to confine the absorbed photon energy, leading to a relatively high quenching concentration of various lanthanide activators. By facilitating interionic cross‐relaxation at heavy dopant concentration, a remarkable thermal enhancement of Tb3+ emissions over 20‐fold upon the excitation of excited‐state absorption is recorded. In contrast, thermally quenched emissions are detected under the excitation of ground‐state absorption. This excitation wavelength‐dependent thermal behavior of Tb3+ emissions is harnessed for single‐band ratiometric thermometry, registering superior thermal sensitivity and resolution (Sr = 4.01% K−1, δT = 0.1 K). The advances in combating concentration and thermal quenching of luminescence materials provide exciting opportunities for flexible thermometry in real‐world sensing scenarios.
Objective monitoring of laser tattoo removal in human volunteers using an innovative optical technique: A proof of principle
Authors: Golmajer Zima Neža , Verdel Nina , Lukač Matjaž , Majaron Boris
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Assess the suitability of the technique for objective monitoring of laser tattoo removal by an extended treatment protocol.

Materials and Methods

One half of the tattoo in the first volunteer was treated with nanosecond and the other half with picosecond laser pulses at 1064 nm. In the second subject, four test areas were treated repeatedly using different radiant exposures from 1.5 to 6 J/cm2. Measurements of diffuse reflectance spectra and photothermal radiometric transients were performed 4–20 weeks after each treatment session. Inverse Monte Carlo analysis based on a three‐layer model of tattooed skin was applied to assess the tattoo characteristics and analyze their changes.

Results

The results clearly indicate a gradual reduction of the ink content and an increase of the subsurface depth of the tattoo layer with all treatments at a radiant exposure of 3 J/cm2 or higher. The observed dependences on laser pulse duration, radiant exposure, and a number of treatments are in excellent agreement with visual fading of the tattoo.

Conclusions

The presented methodology enables noninvasive characterization of tattoos in human skin and objective monitoring of the laser removal treatment.
Automatic covariance pattern analysis outperforms visual reading of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) in variant progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Buchert Ralph , Wegner Florian , Huppertz Hans‐Jürgen , Berding Georg , Brendel Matthias , Apostolova Ivayla , Buhmann Carsten , Dierks Alexander , Katzdobler Sabrina , Klietz Martin , Levin Johannes , Mahmoudi Nima , Rinscheid Andreas , Rogozinski Sophia , Rumpf Jost‐Julian , Schneider Christine , Stöcklein Sophia , Spetsieris Phoebe G. , Eidelberg David , Wattjes Mike P. , Sabri Osama , Barthel Henryk , Höglinger Günter ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2023

Background

To date, studies on positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) usually included PSP cohorts overrepresenting patients with Richardson's syndrome (PSP‐RS).

Objectives

To evaluate FDG‐PET in a patient sample representing the broad phenotypic PSP spectrum typically encountered in routine clinical practice.

Methods

This retrospective, multicenter study included 41 PSP patients, 21 (51%) with RS and 20 (49%) with non‐RS variants of PSP (vPSP), and 46 age‐matched healthy controls. Two state‐of‐the art methods for the interpretation of FDG‐PET were compared: visual analysis supported by voxel‐based statistical testing (five readers) and automatic covariance pattern analysis using a predefined PSP‐related pattern.

Results

Sensitivity and specificity of the majority visual read for the detection of PSP in the whole cohort were 74% and 72%, respectively. The percentage of false‐negative cases was 10% in the PSP‐RS subsample and 43% in the vPSP subsample. Automatic covariance pattern analysis provided sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 83% in the whole cohort. The percentage of false‐negative cases was 0% in the PSP‐RS subsample and 15% in the vPSP subsample.

Conclusions

Visual interpretation of FDG‐PET supported by voxel‐based testing provides good accuracy for the detection of PSP‐RS, but only fair sensitivity for vPSP. Automatic covariance pattern analysis outperforms visual interpretation in the detection of PSP‐RS, provides clinically useful sensitivity for vPSP, and reduces the rate of false‐positive findings. Thus, pattern expression analysis is clinically useful to complement visual reading and voxel‐based testing of FDG‐PET in suspected PSP. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
mcLARO: Multi‐contrast learned acquisition and reconstruction optimization for simultaneous quantitative multi‐parametric mapping
Authors: Zhang Jinwei , Nguyen Thanh D. , Solomon Eddy , Li Chao , Zhang Qihao , Li Jiahao , Zhang Hang , Spincemaille Pascal , Wang Yi
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To develop a method for rapid sub‐millimeter T1, T2, , and QSM mapping in a single scan using multi‐contrast learned acquisition and reconstruction optimization (mcLARO).

Methods

A pulse sequence was developed by interleaving inversion recovery and T2 magnetization preparations and single‐echo and multi‐echo gradient echo acquisitions, which sensitized k‐space data to T1, T2, , and magnetic susceptibility. The proposed mcLARO optimized both the multi‐contrast k‐space under‐sampling pattern and image reconstruction based on image feature fusion using a deep learning framework. The proposed mcLARO method with under‐sampling was validated in a retrospective ablation study and compared with other deep learning reconstruction methods, including MoDL and Wave‐MoDL, using fully sampled data as reference. Various under‐sampling ratios in mcLARO were investigated. mcLARO was also evaluated in a prospective study using separately acquired conventionally sampled quantitative maps as reference standard.

Results

The retrospective ablation study showed improved image sharpness of mcLARO compared to the baseline network without the multi‐contrast sampling pattern optimization or image feature fusion module. The under‐sampling ratio experiment showed that higher under‐sampling ratios resulted in blurrier images and lower precision of quantitative values. The prospective study showed that small or negligible bias and narrow 95% limits of agreement on regional T1, T2, , and QSM values by mcLARO (5:39 mins) compared to reference scans (40:03 mins in total). mcLARO outperformed MoDL and Wave‐MoDL in terms of image sharpness, noise suppression, and artifact removal.

Conclusion

mcLARO enabled fast sub‐millimeter T1, T2, , and QSM mapping in a single scan.
Investigation of the heat transfer coefficient for a red clay brick
Authors: Tibaut Jan , Schanz Martin , Gfrerer Michael
Published: September 2023

There is a need for the development of materials for thermal isolation. Heat energy is used in different ways, for example, for house warming or production of electricity from solar power plants. However, to use the heat energy efficiently isolating materials are needed. There are different materials available to isolate houses and heat storage containers. However, those materials are expensive and some are over engineered. The best available material for thermal isolation would be air that has the thermal coefficient . Thus, materials that trap a large amount of air are good isolators. On the other hand, some isolating materials are harmful for the environment, for example, glass wool, asbestos. An alternative are red clay bricks because red clay is a natural product that is present everywhere on the planet. But the thermal coefficient of red clay bricks is high . To reduce the thermal coefficient cavities can be added in the brick. The cavities trap air and reduce the thermal coefficient of the brick.

We simulate the heat transfer through a hollow brick. The holes in the brick are cavities. In order to determine the heat transfer coefficient we solve the heat flux through the hollow brick. For that a model of the brick is formulated as sequence of a solid and a fluid part. In the solid part only heat conduction is present and in the fluid heat transfer is present in form of conduction, convection and radiation. The flow field in the fluid part is modelled with the velocity‐vorticity formulation of the incompressible Navier‐Stokes. It is assumed that the Rayleigh number is below 106, hence, natural convective laminar fluid flow is present in the cavities. The cavities are also heated by heat radiation of the surrounding walls.

The numerical realisation is done with the Boundary‐Domain Integral Method (BDIM). To handle suitable geometries the complexity of the BDIM is reduced from quadratic to logarithmic or almost linear by applying the ‐methodology. M is the number of unknown domain nodes. Numerical studies will be presented.
A label machine for mechanical systems: Discovering operating states with unsupervised learning from load time series
Authors: Riebe Jakob , Hantschke Peter , Griesing Andreas , Kästner Markus
Published: September 2023

Labeling time series data according to operating states is often a time‐consuming task that requires expert domain knowledge of the underlying mechanical system. In this paper, we propose a data‐driven algorithm that identifies and detects operating states from time series data by grouping time ranges of similar signal behavior together using an unsupervised machine learning approach. The scattering transform and principal component analysis are utilized to extract signal characteristics from time series data which are subsequently clustered by a Gaussian mixture model to generate operating states. To evaluate our approach, we compare the automatically generated operating states with a manual definition of operating states created through expert knowledge. Based on a publicly available eBike dataset, the results demonstrate that the data‐driven definition of operating states can yield similar results to a rule set based on expert knowledge.