bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Gender Policy in Turkish Vet System
Authors: Korchynska Natalia
Published: July 2017

The article examines the evolution of gender policies in the field of vocational education in Turkey since the beginning of the 20th century up to the present. Schools for girls started to emerge in Turkey at the beginning of the republican era. Their aim was to teach students about gender roles consistent with the trend of modernization and westernization of the new Turkish state. The ideology of a modern conservative party ruling in the Republic of Turkey is based on the traditional role of women as home keepers, while the country’s legislative system undergoes changes that provide women with independency. This policy is full of contradictions, namely, changes in legislation are aimed at improving education and employment of women, while women are encouraged to remain housewives. Despite the fact that women received equal rights to education after the Law on Unification of Education was adopted in 1924, gender inequality is still an issue in modern Turkish society. There is a strong legal framework at the state level and executive authorities that provide girls and women with free access to education and promote learning. Statistical data show that the education system still has many unresolved issues concerning the learning opportunities of girls and their employment. According to recent statistics, a very small group of girls goes on to secondary education in the Republic of Turkey. In 2011, only 24% of girls completed their secondary education that is the lowest level in the countries of OESD. Amazingly low percentage of girls involved in secondary education system can be explained by two objective factors: socioeconomic status of girls′ families and gender discrimination. Vocational schools for girls are designed to resolve this issue.
Distribution of Two Formae Speciales of Polymyxa Graminis in the Czech Republic
Authors: Grimová L. , Winkowska L. , Špuláková B. , Růžičková P. , Ryšánek P.
Published: July 2017

It has been shown that two formae speciales of P. graminis, namely f. sp. temperata (ribotype Pg-I) and f. sp. tepida (ribotype Pg-II), are widely distributed throughout temperate areas of Europe. In this study, the presence of both forms of the temperate Polymyxa spp. was identified in soil samples from different locations of the Czech Republic during a survey performed in 2012 and 2013. Based on polymerase chain reaction results, of the total 58 tested samples, 67.2% contained at least one monitored forma specialis. Specifically, P. graminis f. sp. temperata was detected in 48.3% of soil samples, while P. graminis f. sp. tepida was detected in 44.8% of samples. Mixed populations were found in 25.9% of the tested areas. This plasmodiophorid was confirmed not only in crop fields but also in meadows and forests in all explored regions. Our results extend the knowledge on the distribution of both ribotypes of P. graminis and provide the first evidence of f. sp. tepida within the Czech Republic.
Genetic characteristics reflecting the population size and disturbance regime of Siebold’s beech (Fagus crenata Blume) populations at the northernmost distribution
Authors: Kobayashi M. , Kitamura K. , Matsui T. , Kawano S.
Published: July 2017

To understand the population dynamics of tree populations at the range limit of a species’ range, it is important to determine which population size and disturbance regime are critical to genetic diversity. Siebold's beech (Fagus crenata Blume) is a major canopy tree species of cool-temperate forests in Japan, with the northernmost distribution reaching the Kuromatsunai Depression in southwestern Hokkaido, Japan. We examined the genetic variation and dynamics of three beech forests, with different disturbance history and population attributions in the northernmost population. The Tsubamenosawa (TSU) and Sannosuke (SAN), both natural forest, have historically experienced little artificial disturbance, whereas the Soibetsu (SOI), a secondary forest, was intensively logged, and thus strongly disturbed in the past. In total, 35 alleles were detected among 12 loci, encoding 9 enzyme systems. At TSU, He and RS were 0.141 and 2.280, respectively. At SAN, He and RS were 0.142 and 2.604, respectively. At SOI were 0.182 and 2.628, respectively. Parameters of genetic diversity changed with population size, small isolated population indicated low values. Gene flow distance for low density mature trees in the natural forests was greater than that for high-density secondary forest. However, effective population sizes (Ne) were 34.7, 64.3 and 60.3 in TSU, SAN and SOI, respectively, reflecting differences in the density of mature individuals. The results suggested that the population with the low density of mature trees kept genetic diversity through long distance gene flow. The mature tree density affected the effective population size in the northernmost beech populations.
Selection of Poplar Hybrid Clones (Populus ssp.) from Backcrossed Progenies of the Aigeiros Section for Industrial Purpose
Authors: Qin Guang-Hua , Jiang Yue-Zhong , Qiao Yu-Ling
Published: July 2017

As one of the fast-growing tree species, hybrid poplar (Populus ssp.) has been widely planted in Shandong Province, China. While poplar tree breeding program in the past few decades focused on the development of poplar clones with fast growth rate and disease resistance, little attention was paid to the tree traits of these clones in relation to industrial uses i.e. pulpwood as well as veneer. In this paper, growth performance of hybrid poplar clones from backcrossedprogenies obtained from cross fertilization within the Poplar Aigeiros Section was evaluated and stem traits as well as wood properties in relation to industrial use of some selected clones were assessed. Of the 40 hybrid poplar clones tested in the study, A50 and B69 were prominent in growth rate at three trial sites in Shandong Province, China.Wood properties in relation to industrial uses of the two clones were also better than or comparable to the control clone. It was concluded that A50 is more suitable for pulpwood production while B69 is suitable for a wide range of high value added application such as veneer and plywood. Further research is needed to evaluate the changes of some tree traits in relation to industrial raw materials through time.
Wood physical properties, color, decay resistance and stiffness in Tectona grandis clones with evidence of genetic control
Authors: Moya R. , Marín J. D. , Murillo O. , Leandro L.
Published: July 2017

Tectona grandis (teak) plantations are being produced with trees from genetic improvement programs, including clonal selection. However, limited information about inheritance of wood properties is available. For studying genetic parameters of T. grandis wood properties and stem diameter two 10-yr-old trials were studied involving nominally 2 sites × 20 clones × 3 replicates × 1 ramet. Clonal variation was observed in: heartwood (HWP), pith (PP) and bark (BP) percentages; green moisture content (IMC) and density (GD); tangential (TS), radial (RS) and volumetric (VS) shrinkage and ratio tangential/radial: shrinkage (ratio T/R); L*a*b* color parameters; and stiffness and specify gravity (SG). Some wood properties evidenced strong across-sites genotypic control. The higher broad-sense heritability estimates (over 0.36) were for PP, IMC, SG, TS, VS and L*, a*, and b* color coordinates and stiffness. Low and non-significant values were estimated for HWP, BP, GD, RS, ratio T/R and decay resistance of sapwood and heartwood to Trametes versicolor and Pycnoporus sanguineus. However, HWP showed marked clone x site interaction. Phenotypic and tentatively estimated genotypic correlations indicate that selecting faster-growing clones will improve some important wood properties, such as increasing HWP, and decreasing PP and BP, without affecting other wood properties. Selecting clones for denser wood, as expected, improved stiffness, should decrease IMC and affect negatively b* (yellow/blue) color. Clone selection with lower L* values could increase redness (a*) of wood.
Growth and breeding of aspen in Russia
Authors: Tsarev Anatoly P.
Published: July 2017

Researches results are presented that describe variation in natural aspen stands and hybrid collections in Central European Russia. The subject of the study was the selection of the most productive and resistant to heart rot caused by fungus Phellinus tremulae (Fomes

igniarius) stands. Mechanical wood properties, fodder values and other valuable characteristics of aspen are also shown. The valuable stands and hybrids which require conservation were selected for breeding and practical use.
Analyses of Genotypic Variation in White Poplar Clones at Four Sites in China
Authors: Zhao Xiyang , Hou Wei , Zheng Huiquan , Zhang Zhiyi
Published: July 2017

Growth characteristics have a complex inheritance pattern, and the gene-environment interaction makes predicting tree responses to environmental change difficult. The primary goals of this study are to evaluate the variation in growth traits of different white poplar clones and to measure the inter-site variation and ecological sensitivities. In the experiment, a total of 30 white poplar clones were planted and measured over 5 years for height (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH) at four different sites in North China. ANOVA results showed that there were significant differences in H and DBH between clones at each site (P<0.01). Phenotypic and genotypic variation, and the repeatability of H and DBH, increased with the tree growth, which suggested that the inter-clone variation became gradually larger under the control of genetic factors. Under a selection ratio of 20%, the genetic gains of H and DBH also increased with the tree growth at the same site. Correlation analysis showed a significantly positive association between H and DBH both at the same age and sites, but the correlation coefficients decreased with increasing age. In conclusion, genetic gains were not equal between different sites, indicating differences in the influence of environment on the poplar genotype. Further investigations may be able to determine the role of environment for tree breeding programs and genetic selection.
Holocene Lake and Shallow Water Sediments at Mograt Island, Sudan
Authors: Dittrich Annett , Neogi Sayantani
Published: July 2017

This paper presents the results of stratigraphic excavation and soil studies carried out at Mograt Island, the largest of the Nilotic islands in Sudan. Due to its restricted insular environments, Holocene alluvial deposits were observed to be interlocked with archaeological remains of different periods, allowing for a combined chronostratigraphic approach to study both cultural and climatic events. To better understand the environmental context through soil components and pedological features at a microscopic scale, soil block samples were accordingly collected and studied by the application of soil micromorphology. This approach provides insights into the history of Nile terrace aggradation through the suspension of Nile sediment loads under stillwater conditions as well as of the periodical establishment of shallow water pools at the islands′ plateaus by the surface run-off from local rains. Since these patterns vary significantly from the present situation, they offer a key to the scenario in which specific early agricultural and animal herding practices evolved.
Pleistocene Deposits in the Southern Egyptian Sahara: Lithostratigraphic Relationships of Sediments and Landscape Dynamics at Bir Tarfawi
Authors: Hill Christopher L. , Schild Romuald
Published: July 2017

The sedimentological and lithostratigraphic record from north-central Bir Tarfawi documents the presence of Pleistocene basin-fill deposits. Three topographic basins were created as a result of deflation during climate episodes associated with lowering of the local groundwater table. In each case, the three deflational basins or topographic depressions were subsequently filled with sediments; these basin aggradations coincided with changes from arid climate conditions to wetter conditions and a rise in the groundwater table. The oldest and highest sedimentary remnant is associated with Acheulian artifacts and may reflect spring-fed pond and marsh conditions during a Middle Pleistocene wet climate episode. Lithofacies for a lower stratigraphic sequence (the “White Lake”) documents deposition in a perennial lake that varied in extent and depth and is associated with Middle Paleolithic artifacts. A third episode of deflation created a topographic low that has been filled with Late Pleistocene sediments that are associated with Middle Paleolithic artifacts and fossil remains. Lateral and vertical variations in the lithofacies of this basin-fill sequence and the sediments of the “grey-green” lake phases provide a record of changing hydrologic conditions. These hydrologic conditions appear to reflect variations in water-table levels related to groundwater recharge and, at times, local rains.
Molluscs and Ostracods of the Qarun Lake: Preliminary Report From FA-1 Core in Faiyum Oasis, Northern Egypt
Authors: Szymanek Marcin
Published: July 2017

A research was conducted on the Holocene lake sediments from the full-cored FA-1 drilling at the southern shore of the Qarun Lake in the Faiyum Oasis in northern Egypt. Altogether 10 taxa of molluscs and 8 taxa of ostracods were identified in the examined deposits, with total amounts of 768 and 2872 individuals, respectively. The fauna was investigated with palaeoecological purpose and allowed for preliminary reconstruction of sedimentary environment in the lake. The occurrence of Valvata nilotica Jickeli, 1874 and Gomphocythere sp. in the lower part of the core and a low proportion of carapaces (2.4-28%) indicated freshwater and higher-energy conditions, respectively. Rapid expansion of Cyprideis torosa (Jones, 1850) at a depth of 18 m could point to very short saline episode in the lake. The increase in salinity and drop of water level were evidenced in the uppermost part of the core (4-3.5 m), when the lake was dominated by Hydrobia ventrosa (Montagu, 1803), Cerastoderma glaucum (Poiret, 1789) and C. torosa. The steady sedimentation in a shallow lake was also supported by considerable amount of complete ostracod carapaces (45%). The faunal assemblage and smooth valves of C. torosa suggested salinity of 14-25‰.
Fatigue Life Prediction of Fan Blade Using Nominal Stress Method and Cumulative Fatigue Damage Theory
Authors: Huang Hong-Zhong , Huang Cheng-Geng , Peng Zhaochun , Li Yan-Feng , Yin Hengsu
Published: July 2017

Fan blade is one of the key parts used in aircraft engine and its failure is mainly caused by fatigue fracture. This paper aims to predict fatigue life of fan blade during its service operation. First, the effective load and stress of fan blade are obtained by using finite element analysis and simulation. Second, the fatigue notch factor of fan blade is determined by using the nominal stress method. Then, the material properties of fan blade are used to correct and obtain the

S
−
N

$S - N$

curve of fan blade. Finally, according to the actual load spectrum of three working loading cycles in 900h, the Miner’s damage accumulation rule is employed to predict the fatigue life of fan blade.
On the Problem of Constructing Routes, Part II: Methodology and Numerical Example
Authors: Linis V. K. , Maksim M. S.
Published: July 2017

We consider a periodic aviation schedule which is a finite collection of flights with given arrival/departure times. For this schedule, we solve the problem of finding the minimal number of aircrafts needed to carry out the flights. The crucial role in solving this problem is played by so-called deficit function (DFs) defined as the difference between departures and arrivals on interval [0,t] for each terminal.
Synthesis, synchrotron diffraction study and twinning in Na2Ca4Mg2Si4O15 – a heteropolyhedral framework compound
Authors: Kahlenberg Volker , Schmidmair Daniela , Hildebrandt Elias , Ennemoser Patrick , Zöll Klaus , Krüger Hannes
Published: July 2017

The formation of polycrystalline Na2Ca4Mg2Si4O15 from solid state reactions has been studied between 800 and 1050°C. Single crystals of the compound have been grown in a closed platinum capsule by slow cooling in the temperature range between 1300 and 1000°C. Basic crystallographic data are as follows: monoclinic symmetry, space group P12/c1, a=7.1717(3) Å, b=5.3512(2) Å, c=16.4789(7) Å, β=90.911(4)°, V=632.33(4) Å3, Z=2. A conspicuous feature of the crystals is an intensive lamellar non-merohedral twinning clearly observable already under a petrographic microscope. The diffraction pattern can be explained as a superposition of two reciprocal lattices with a two-fold axis parallel to [001] being the twin element. Using synchrotron radiation it was possible to solve the crystal structure of Na2Ca4Mg2Si4O15 from a twinned data set. Least-squares refinements resulted in a residual of R(|F|)=0.031 for 2899 observed reflections with I>2σ(I) and 127 parameters. The crystal structure contains both [Si2O7]-dimers and insular [SiO4]-moieties. Tetrahedra and [MgO6]-octahedra form a three-dimensional framework whose topological characteristics have been studied. The remaining calcium and sodium cations are distributed among four crystallographically independent positions located in voids of the network. On a microscopic scale the twinning observed in the diffraction experiments could be explained by the existence of a 21-screw axis parallel to [001] in (¼, 0, z) mapping both domains onto each other. A comparison with related compounds having an A+
2B2+
6Si4O15 stoichiometry is presented. More than 25 years after its first observation in refractories our investigation clarifies the crystal structure of a silicate that is of relevance for both Materials science and high pressure research.
Halogen and chalcogen bonding in dichloromethane solvate of cyclometalated iridium(III) isocyanide complex
Authors: Kinzhalov Mikhail A. , Eremina Anzhelika A. , Ivanov Daniil M. , Novikov Alexander S. , Katlenok Evgeniy. A. , Balashev Konstantin P. , Suslonov Vitalii V.
Published: July 2017

Solvent-rich dichloromethane solvate of cis-[Ir(bptz)2(CNXyl)2]BF4 (3, bptz is cyclometallated 4-(4-bromophenyl)-2-methylthiazole) is prepared via the reaction of chloro-bridged dimer [Ir(bptz)2(μ-Cl)]2 (1) with 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide (CNXyl, 2) and AgBF4. Single crystal X-ray diffraction on the 3·3¼CH2Cl2 solvate showed the presence of numerous non-covalent interactions, including the C–S···F–B chalogen bonding (ChB), the C–Br···Br–C, C–Cl···Br–C, and C–Cl···S(C)–C halogen bonding (XB), and the C–H···F–B hydrogen bonding (HB). The nature of these short contacts was explored both experimentally by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and theoretically by DFT calculations on the empirical geometries followed by Bader’s topological electron density distribution analysis. The evaluated energies of XBs and ChBs are in range 1.3–2.2 kcal/mol indicating the non-covalent nature of the contacts.
Nanostructured Ceramics: Ionic Transport and Electrochemical Activity
Authors: Prutsch Denise , Breuer Stefan , Uitz Marlena , Bottke Patrick , Langer Julia , Lunghammer Sarah , Philipp Martin , Posch Patrick , Pregartner Veronika , Stanje Bernhard , Dunst Andreas , Wohlmuth Dominik , Brandstätter Harald , Schmidt Walter , Epp Viktor , Chadwick Alan , Hanzu Ilie , Wilkening Martin
Published: July 2017

Ceramics with nm-sized dimensions are widely used in various applications such as batteries, fuel cells or sensors. Their oftentimes superior electrochemical properties as well as their capabilities to easily conduct ions are, however, not completely understood. Depending on the method chosen to prepare the materials, nanostructured ceramics may be equipped with a large area fraction of interfacial regions that exhibit structural disorder. Elucidating the relationship between microscopic disorder and ion dynamics as well as electrochemical performance is necessary to develop new functionalized materials. Here, we highlight some of the very recent studies on ion transport and electrochemical properties of nanostructured ceramics. Emphasis is put on TiO2 in the form of nanorods, nanotubes or being present as mesoporous material. Further examples deal with nanocrystalline peroxides such as Li2O2 or nanostructured oxides (Li2TiO3, LiAlO2, LiTaO3, Li2CO3 and Li2B4O7). These materials served as model systems to explore the influence of ball-milling on overall ionic transport.
Slow Lithium Transport in Metal Oxides on the Nanoscale
Authors: Uhlendorf Johanna , Ruprecht Benjamin , Witt Elena , Chandran C. Vinod , Dörrer Lars , Hüger Erwin , Strauß Florian , Heitjans Paul , Schmidt Harald
Published: July 2017

This article reports on Li self-diffusion in lithium containing metal oxide compounds. Case studies on LiNbO3, Li3NbO4, LiTaO3, LiAlO2, and LiGaO2 are presented. The focus is on slow diffusion processes on the nanometer scale investigated by macroscopic tracer methods (secondary ion mass spectrometry, neutron reflectometry) and microscopic methods (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, conductivity spectroscopy) in comparison. Special focus is on the influence of structural disorder on diffusion.
Solid-State NMR to Study Translational Li Ion Dynamics in Solids with Low-Dimensional Diffusion Pathways
Authors: Volgmann Kai , Epp Viktor , Langer Julia , Stanje Bernhard , Heine Jessica , Nakhal Suliman , Lerch Martin , Wilkening Martin , Heitjans Paul
Published: July 2017

Fundamental research on lithium ion dynamics in solids is important to develop functional materials for, e.g. sensors or energy storage systems. In many cases a comprehensive understanding is only possible if experimental data are compared with predictions from diffusion models. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), besides other techniques such as mass tracer or conductivity measurements, is known as a versatile tool to investigate ion dynamics. Among the various time-domain NMR techniques, NMR relaxometry, in particular, serves not only to measure diffusion parameters, such as jump rates and activation energies, it is also useful to collect information on the dimensionality of the underlying diffusion process. The latter is possible if both the temperature and, even more important, the frequency dependence of the diffusion-induced relaxation rates of actually polycrystalline materials is analyzed. Here we present some recent systematic relaxometry case studies using model systems that exhibit spatially restricted Li ion diffusion. Whenever possible we compare our results with data from other techniques as well as current relaxation models developed for 2D and 1D diffusion. As an example, 2D ionic motion has been verified for the hexagonal form of LiBH4; in the high-temperature limit the diffusion-induced 7Li NMR spin-lattice relaxation rates follow a logarithmic frequency dependence as is expected from models introduced for 2D diffusion. A similar behavior has been found for Li
x
NbS2. In Li12Si7 a quasi-1D diffusion process seems to be present that is characterized by a square root frequency dependence and a temperature behavior of the 7Li NMR spin-lattice relaxation rates as predicted. Most likely, parts of the Li ions diffuse along the Si5 rings that form chains in the Zintl phase.
Quality of Life after Surgery for Stanford Type A Aortic Dissection: Influences of Different Operative Strategies
Authors: Ghazy Tamer , Eraqi Mohamed , Mahlmann Adrian , Hegelmann Helena , Matschke Klaus , Kappert Utz , Weiss Norbert
Published: July 2017

Background: Outcome of surgery for acute Stanford type A aortic dissection extends beyond mortality and morbidity. More than one operative strategy is available but little is known regarding their influence on quality of life. This study analyzes the influence of defensive and aggressive operative strategies on the patients’ midterm quality of life (QoL).Methods: From July 2007 to July 2010, 95 patients underwent surgery for acute Stanford type A aortic dissection in our institution. Patients who survived the procedure, gave consent to inclusion in the institution prospective registry, completed at least 2-years of follow-up protocol, and answered two quality of life questionnaires (SF-36 and WHO-QOL-BREF) were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to operative strategy: defensive (DS) with replacement of the ascending aorta only, and aggressive (AS) with replacement of the ascending aorta, aortic arch with/out a frozen elephant trunk procedure. The preoperative, operative, postoperative and the midterm QoL were analyzed and compared.Results: 39 patients were included in the study. The DS group had a shorter operative time (184 ± 54 versus 276 ± 110 minutes respectively, P = .001). The AS group had higher incidence of dialysis (31% versus 4% respectively, P = .038). The midterm QoL analysis showed a collective lower value than the normal population. In the SF-36, DS performed better in all categories but with no statistical significance. In the WHO-QOL-BREF, DS performed significantly better in the global life quality and psychological health categories (P = .038 and .049 respectively).Conclusion: In Stanford type A aortic dissection, adopting an aggressive surgical strategy does not improve the quality of life in midterm follow-up compared to a defensive strategy. Unless the clinical setting dictates an aggressive management strategy, a defensive strategy can be safely adopted.
Rethinking the Paradigm: Modern Approach to Proximal Aortic Reconstruction Demonstrates Excellent Outcomes
Authors: Hemli Jonathan M , R. DeLaney Edward R. , Dholakia Kush R. , Perk Dror , Patel Nirav C. , Scheinerman S. Jacob , Brinster Derek R.
Published: July 2017

Background: Techniques for aortic surgery continue to evolve. A real-world snapshot of patients undergoing elective surgery for aneurysm in the modern era is helpful to assist in deciding the appropriate timing for intervention. We herein describe our experience with 100 consecutive patients who underwent primary elective surgery for aneurysm of the proximal thoracic aorta over a two-year period at a single institution.Methods: The majority of our patients were male, mean age 61.19 ± 13.33 years. Two patients had Marfan syndrome. Twenty-eight patients had bicuspid aortic valve. Thirty-four patients underwent aortic root replacement utilizing a composite valve/graft conduit; 23 had valve-sparing root replacements. The ascending aorta was replaced in 89 patients; 80 (89.9%) of these included a period of circulatory arrest at moderate hypothermia utilizing unilateral selective antegrade cerebral perfusion.Results: Thirty-day mortality was zero. Perioperative stroke occurred in 2 patients, both of whom completely recovered prior to discharge. No patients required re-exploration for bleeding. One patient developed a sternal wound infection. Fifteen patients required readmission to hospital within thirty days of discharge.Conclusion: Elective surgery for aneurysm of the proximal aorta is safe, reproducible, and is associated with outcomes that are superior to those seen in an acute aortic syndrome. It may be appropriate to offer surgery to younger patients with proximal aortic aneurysms at smaller diameters, even if their aortic dimensions do not yet meet traditional guidelines for surgical intervention.
A Case Report on Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula with Recurrent Cerebral Infarction
Authors: He Lu , Cheng Ge-sheng , Du Ya-juan , Zhang Yu-shun
Published: July 2017

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) and pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) have been both proposed as a mechanism for cerebral infarction. However, there are only a few reports on how to distinguish the role of the two factors in cerebral infarction.
Incorporating engaged learning into medical student large group sessions
Authors: Ivy Kathryn S. , Larson Allison R.
Published: July 2017

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Purpose: In recent years there has been increasing emphasis on active and engaged learning in medical education. The purpose of this study was to determine medical student satisfaction and performance in a module where 44% of the educational time was spent in a combination of large group engaged learning sessions and at-home modules. Methods: Over two years a week-long dermatology course was transitioned to a format that included numerous large group interactive sessions. Course satisfaction results, exam performance, and a questionnaire on engaged learning were assessed. Results: Overall course satisfaction improved from 94% to 99% of students ranking the course as good or excellent as did the percent of students who rated lecture delivery as engaging (88% to 98%). The percent of students responding that the module provided opportunities for collaboration among students rose from 50% to 92%. We took away a number of learning points from these sessions based on student feedback, including a need to be sensitive to the time required for pre-class learning modules and the format of such modules. Conclusions: Based on student feedback, we found that large group teaching was effective in fostering collaboration as well as improving self-reported comprehension and overall course satisfaction.
Seleção de genótipos de eucalipto resistentes à ferrugem (Puccinia psidii) através de parâmetros monocíclicos
Authors: Ferreira Karina Carnielli Zamprogno , Marino Celso Luis , Furtado Edson Luiz
Published: July 2017

RESUMO A variabilidade genética dentro do gênero Eucalyptus para resistência à doenças e a fatores abióticos estão presentes, particularmente, com a ferrugem do eucalipto (Puccinia psidii WINTER), cuja primeira medida de controle é evitar o plantio comercial de materiais suscetíveis. A busca de caracteres quantitativos da resistência pode levar a genótipos superiores com resistência mais durável. Por isso, este estudo objetivou identificar parâmetros monocíclicos de avaliação da ferrugem em eucalipto, mais proximamente relacionados à resistência genética e estabelecer um ranking com os genótipos de maior resistência à ferrugem para compor um programa de melhoramento genético, além de relacionar a resposta do hospedeiro às vias metabólicas de defesa. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo comparativo entre a avaliação da ferrugem no campo, com auxilio de escala qualitativa de severidade da doença com parâmetros monocíclicos quantitativos da doença em ambiente controlado. O predomínio de indivíduos suscetíveis indicou possíveis distorções de segregação nos cruzamentos, corroborando com hipóteses de estudos anteriores. Os resultados demonstraram, que o gene de resistência presente nesta população é dependente da ação de outros genes indiretamente relacionados à resistência e que participam das vias metabólicas de defesa das plantas.
CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY: ANALYSIS OF CARE LONGETUDINALITY
Authors: Santos Keite Helen dos , Marques Dalvani , Souza Ândrea Cardoso de
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the longitudinality of care perceived by caregivers of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Method: qualitative and descriptive investigation, performed with 27 caregivers, through interviews, analyzed using the thematic analysis technique based on Care Longitudinality. Results: the need of extreme dedication of the caregivers to the care of their children and adolescents with cerebral palsy was highlighted, with the need to abandon their free time, daily activities and the abandonment of the professional activities. As the child grows, the complexity of daily activities increases and, consequently, the pronouncement of the difficulties experienced by the families. The statements demonstrate the absence / lack of formal responses from the State to the needs of care of the studied population, a condition that helps to naturalize this support as family responsibility. They indicate the inexistence of articulated care network for this population, implying the discontinuity of care among services which impacts on the quality of life of children and their families. Conclusion: the lack of articulation between services implies discontinuity of health care, deteriorating the quality of life of children and their families and negatively impacting on the health outcomes of the health care system, since there is an inefficient use of resources. The establishment of care and the way it given is an inseparable component of care services management responsible for guaranteeing equity and integrality of the research.
Sistemas Agroflorestais como Estratégia de Adaptação aos Desafios das Mudanças Climáticas no Brasil
Authors: Schembergue Altamir , Cunha Dênis Antônio da , Carlos Sabrina de Matos , Pires Marcel Viana , Faria Raiza Moniz
Published: July 2017

Resumo: O presente artigo analisou o papel desempenhado pelos sistemas agroflorestais (SAF’s) como medida adaptativa às mudanças climáticas no Brasil. Foi desenvolvido um modelo de efeito de tratamento (Propensity Score Matching), que permitiu identificar os principais determinantes do uso de SAF’s e se municípios nos quais essa técnica é utilizada são menos vulneráveis às mudanças climáticas. Os resultados indicaram que variáveis socioeconômicas (propriedade da terra, opções de financiamento, acesso a informações e assistência técnica) e agronômicas (disponibilidade de recursos hídricos e qualidade do solo) influenciam a adoção de SAF’s nos municípios brasileiros. As condições climáticas (temperatura e precipitação) também têm participação importante no emprego desses sistemas, o que confirma seu papel de estratégia adaptativa. Conclui-se também que os SAF’s têm potencial de melhorar o desempenho agrícola brasileiro, já que o valor da terra tende a ser maior em municípios onde esses sistemas são utilizados. Desse modo, os SAF’s podem tornar o setor agropecuário menos exposto aos efeitos negativos das mudanças climáticas, tanto no presente quanto em cenários futuros.
A narrativa como alternativa na pesquisa em saúde
Authors: Damasceno Nauristela Ferreira Paniago , Malvezzi Edson , Sales Cibele de Moura , Sales Antonio
Published: July 2017

O potencial das narrativas na compreensão dos significados que as pessoas atribuem ao ambiente e a si mesmas contribui para sua utilização em pesquisas qualitativas. Entretanto, são escassos os detalhes procedimentais dessas pesquisas, especialmente daquelas que integram os relatos em uma única história. Este trabalho descreve a produção de conhecimento na pesquisa qualitativa em saúde a partir do estudo sobre prazer, sofrimento e adoecimento em docentes do ensino superior. O conjunto das vivências relatadas em 25 entrevistas orientou, em análise interpretativa fundamentada na hermenêutica-dialética, a construção de uma nova narrativa pelos pesquisadores. O material elaborado foi discutido e revisado pelos participantes em oficina de validação. Os dados construídos coletivamente e a dinâmica observada na oficina corroboraram a potencialidade desse tipo de investigação como alternativa metodológica em pesquisas qualitativas em saúde.
Anatomia da folha das espécies conhecidas de pau-rosa. XI - Chave para identificação das espécies
Authors: Vattimo Ítalo de
Published: July 2017

Resumo Neste trabalho, o último de uma série de 11, o autor dá uma chave para identificação de material de herbário de 10 espécies conhecidas de "pau-rosa" (Aniba Aubl.), baseada em caracteres anatômicos das epidermes superior e inferior das folhas.
Uma nova espécie de Aniba (Lauraceae) da Amazônia
Authors: Kubitzki Klaus , Rodrigues William A.
Published: July 2017

Resumo Uma nova espécie de Lauraceae (Aniba lancifolia Kubitzki & Rodrigues), até então só conhecida de uma campina localizada no Km 130 da estrada Manaus-Caracaraí, é descrita como nova para a Amazônia brasileira, tendo como uma de suas características mais marcantes o hábito arbustivo.
Revisão taxonômica do gênero Peltogyne Vog. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae)
Authors: Silva Marlene Freitas da
Published: July 2017

RESUMO Revisão taxonômica do gênero Peltogyne Vog. (Leguminosae-Caesalpiniodeae), característico da região amozônica, com distribuição geográfica no Continente Americano. Muitas de suas espécies atingem porte elevado e podem ser encontradas em vários tipos de vegetação, produzindo a maioria madeira de valor econômico, conhecida vulgarmente no Brasil pelo nome de "pau-roxo". Uma chave para a determinação das espécies é apresentada e duas novas espécies da região amazônica são descritas. Em decorrência desta revisão, o gênero passa a ter 23 espécies, 3 subespécies e 2 variedades até agora conhecidas. Uma grande coleção de espécimes pertencentes a 20 herbários nacionais e estrangeiros foi examinada. Ilustram o trabalho 11 fotografias, 12 figuras com a distribuição geográfica dos espécies e detalhes da forma das flores e dos frutos, e 3 tabelas com informações sobre as espécies do gênero estudado.
Contribuição à Ficologia da Amazônia. I. Ocorrência de Trachelomonas playfairl Defl. em sedimentos do Território Federal de Roraima, Brasil ()
Authors: Martins Dayse Vasques
Published: July 2017

Resumo Registro da ocorrência de lóricas de Trachclomonas playfairi Defl., espécie de Euglenophyceae, em amostras de sedimentos do lago Aningal, Boa Vista, Território Federal de Roraima, norte do Brasil. O material encontrado é descrito em detalhes e ilustrado.
Is coexistence between non-native and native Erythrinidae species mediated by niche differentiation or environmental filtering? A case study in the upper Paraná River floodplain
Authors: Pereira Larissa S. , Mise Fábio T. , Tencatt Luiz F. C. , Baumgartner Matheus T. , Agostinho Angelo A.
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT The limiting similarity theory predicts that divergence in the functional traits of native and introduced species is an essential component in species establishment, as introduced species must occupy a niche that is unoccupied by resident species. On the other hand, the environmental filtering hypothesis predicts convergence between introduced and native species, as both possess traits that make them adapted to the local abiotic environment. Morphology, spatial co-occurrence, diet, feeding selectivity, and niche breadth and overlap of Erythrinidae were evaluated to detect possible mechanisms acting in the coexistence between non-native and native species. Native (Hoplias sp. B and Hoplias cf. malabaricus) and non-native (Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus and Hoplias mbigua) species presented differences in morphological traits, spatial co-occurrence, diet, selectivity, and niche breadth and overlap. The mechanisms mediating species coexistence seem to vary according to species. The absence of spatial and feeding overlap suggests that non-native species H. unitaeniatus occupy a different niche than native species, supporting its successful establishment without eliminating the native species. However, low feeding overlap and similar morphologies between non-native and native species of Hoplias point to environmental filters; in this case, the non-native H. mbigua is able to establish due to similarities in functional traits.
O movimento sindical na Argentina e no Brasil (2002-2014)
Authors: Cardoso Adalberto , Gindin Julián
Published: July 2017

Resumo O artigo analisa e compara a ação do sindicalismo na Argentina e no Brasil no período 2002-2014. Na primeira seção, apresentamos em grandes linhas os efeitos econômicos, institucionais e políticos do neoliberalismo dos anos 1990 sobre a ação sindical. Na segunda seção, argumentamos, em primeiro lugar, que, no período 2002-2014, o movimento sindical se fortaleceu como ator institucional e representante dos interesses dos trabalhadores na negociação perante o Estado e as empresas. Em segundo lugar, sugerimos que a articulação com o sindicalismo foi importante tanto para o governo do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) no Brasil quanto para o kirchnerismo na Argentina, embora por motivos diferentes. Em terceiro lugar, mostramos que, em razão do novo contexto político, econômico e social, mudanças significativas ocorreram nos alinhamentos entre correntes sindicais e em sua relação com os respectivos sistemas políticos. Na conclusão, sugerimos algumas perspectivas para o futuro do sindicalismo nos dois países, chamando a atenção, dentre outras coisas, para os riscos de aprofundamento da oligarquização e burocratização dos dois movimentos.
Rapid remediation using polyurethane foam/resin grout in Malaysia
Authors: Mohamed Jais Ismacahyadi Bagus
Published: July 2017

Consolidation and collapse settlements are common threats to existing highways and buildings around the world. With the emergence of various ground improvement technologies, lightweight materials are alternative solutions for filling embankment settlement, ground repair and resolving settlement issues of roadways and building structures. This alternative solution has become effective and rapid in terms of performance and time. In the polyurethane resin (PUR) injection method, the liquids, polyol and isocyanate, are injected in small drilled holes without the need for excavation. This method is fast and provides additional strength to the ground with reduction in the void ratio, hence reducing the compressibility of the soil. In fact, its lightweight and impermeable characteristics are advantageous to ground experiencing inundation and groundwater table fluctuation where it triggers the buoyancy effect. This paper presents the chemistry of PUR, the concept of PUR grouting, the properties of PUR and case studies conducted in Malaysia for rapid ground remediation.
The Systemic Nature of Settlement Fails
Authors: Macchiavelli Marco , Iyer Rajkamal
Published: July 2017

In this note we analyze the systemic nature of settlement fails  the failure to deliver the agreed upon securities  during the 2007-09 period. Large and protracted settlement fails are believed to undermine the liquidity and well-functioning of securities markets, and as a result market groups and policymakers have tried to limit them.
Interpreting Data of Serious Games for Health using Decision Support Systems
Authors: Peters Konrad , Kayali Fares , Silbernagl Marisa , Lawitschka Anita , Hlavacs Helmut
Published: July 2017

In order to empower the influence and usage of Serious Games for Health (SGFH) in science as well as application, a decision-support-system (DSS) based approach for interpreting game data should be developed. This DSS would allow users (patients, physicians) to interpret medical data, gathered by various serious games, as well as the game-scores of these games. The usage of DSSs implies the requirement for a standardized data model, for both medical data as well as game-proprietary data, such as meta-data or game-scores. This publication presents a framework proposal, which covers the requirements to interpret data of various health- and game-sources and create recommendations to users. Authors identified challenges and experiments to be done: to provide a ubiquitous data model for SGFH, a set of existing games will be analysed and evaluated. Further, a SDK for game developers will be created. This would enable the developers to gain access to the DSS based approach with reasonable effort. Finally, a DSS, consisting of two sub-DSS, should be implemented on top of the previous results.
Efecto de la composición química en el comportamiento mecánico de recubrimientos galvanizados por inmersión en caliente: una revisión
Authors: Rico Oviedo Yraima , Carrasquero Rodríguez Edwuin Jesús
Published: July 2017

En los últimos años se ha generado un amplio interés en la investigación de los recubrimientos galvanizados, modificándolos con el fin de mejorar el desempeño en condiciones de servicio. Estas modificaciones buscan una mejora significativa en las propiedades del recubrimiento galvanizado, bien sea en la resistencia a la corrosión, en la soldabilidad o en las propiedades mecánicas. Las exigencias generadas por las múltiples aplicaciones de estos recubrimientos, donde el sustrato recubierto es sometido a deformaciones plásticas (estampado, doblado y laminado), requieren de mayor ductilidad de los recubrimientos. Por esto se han desarrollado composiciones químicas de los baños de inmersión, logrando modificar considerablemente la microestructura de los recubrimientos y por ende sus propiedades mecánicas. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre la composición química de los baños de inmersión, su influencia en la microestructura y técnicas utilizadas para determinar la ductilidad y adherencia en recubrimientos galvanizados por inmersión en caliente.
Implementación de sistemas distribuidos de bajo costo bajo norma IEC-61499, en la estación de clasificación y manipulación del MPS 500
Authors: Caiza Gustavo Javier , García Marcelo Vladimir
Published: July 2017

El desarrollo de las tecnologías, los requerimientos de nuevas prestaciones y las limitantes dadas por los fabricantes de software y hardware para la automatización ha hecho que nuevos estándares sean desarrollados. El presente trabajo tiene como propósito la implantación de un sistema distribuido de bajo costo, usando la norma IEC-61499 en la estación de clasificación y manipulación del MPS-500. En estos módulos se pueden dar problemas de aplicaciones industriales reales. IEC-61499 estandariza un entorno de programación para sistemas distribuidos y tiene un alto nivel de versatilidad para el diseño de sistemas, pues combina software y hardware de manera independiente. Se utilizó el software 4DIAC y se crearon nuevos bloques de función (FB) para el control del proceso y el runtime FORTE fue ejecutado en una tarjeta Raspberry Pi. La norma IEC-61499 permite al diseñador del sistema crear un modelo de ejecución de bloques de función conducido por eventos, de esta manera, puede dar prioridad a la orden de ejecución y modificar fácilmente algún parámetro de la planta.
Impacts on the consumption of electric power by the use of efficient refrigerators - Ecuador case
Authors: Jara Cobos Nelson Gustavo , Reinoso Avecillas Fran Zhovani , Isaza Roldan Cesar Alejandro , Espinoza Abad Juan Leonardo
Published: July 2017

En este artículo se presenta un análisis de los impactos que tendrá el programa «Renova Refrigerador», en el consumo de energía eléctrica en el Ecuador; programa que tiene como principal objetivo la renovación de refrigeradores domésticos eficientes etiquetados con A, por refrigeradores ineficientes y con una vida útil que ha sobrepasado los diez años. Su desarrollo e implementación contribuye a la reducción de consumo energético en un 8 %, motiva a la población a utilizar la energía eléctrica de manera eficiente e impulsa a la industria nacional en el uso de nuevas tecnologías incrementando así la productividad y el consumo de productos nacionales.
Bajo el cumplimiento de la normativa vigente ecuatoriana y sus similares internacionales; se considera, además, la variación en el consumo eléctrico que presenta un refrigerador doméstico cuando trabaja a distintas temperaturas, determinadas por los pisos térmicos, marcados plenamente en el Ecuador por las regiones Costa, Sierra y Oriente.
Aportaciones de la antropología al estudio de la relación hombre-medio y la producción agrícola
Authors: Melgar de Corral Gonzalo
Published: July 2017

In the article it is performed a historical analysis of the main contributions of Anthropology to the study of the man-nature problem using different bibliographical sources. It is carried out an overview of the ecological perspective in Anthropology; the Structuralism and Symbolism, as well as the contributions of the systemic approach. Then, the cognitive symbolic approach is analyzed reaching to the Symbolic Ecology. Inside the political approach, conceptions of the World-System are collected and the three paths of the Political Ecology are described: The Neoliberalism, the Culturalist, represented by the Ecofeminism, and the Ecosocialism. Later, the contributions of Anthropology to the more specific field of farming production are described, until reaching the Agroecology and the Ethnoecology. Finally, it is pointed out the interest of the recent sociological and anthropological streams of social emancipation in order to understand the social movements of alternative ecological production and the recovery of traditional farming methods.