bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching about climate change: Possibilities and challenges in Australian adult literacy programs
Authors: Yasukawa Keiko
Published: November 2022

Australia's natural environment poses challenges for human inhabitants and will continue to pose novel challenges in an era of climate change. However, the resources that people can access to respond to climate change are diverse and unequally distributed. While this suggests a role for education, especially for those who are most socially and economically vulnerable, integrating climate change literacy into educational programs is not straightforward in all sectors. Studies have shown that increased standardization of curricula constrain teacher autonomy and pose dilemmas for teachers faced with tensions between curricular requirements and their professional judgment about appropriate pedagogy and curricula. This article considers the possibility of educational intervention for socially and economically disadvantaged adults with limited English language and literacy skills by investigating how a group of teachers in accredited literacy courses viewed their role in addressing climate change and environmental literacy in their literacy classes.
Effects of and preference for student‐ and teacher‐implemented good behavior game in early elementary classes
Authors: Peltier William , Newell Kristen L. , Linton Elizabeth , Holmes Sarah C. , Donaldson Jeanne M.
Published: November 2022

Disruptive behavior during instruction is a common problem in elementary classrooms. One intervention to reduce disruptive behavior is the Good Behavior Game (GBG). In this study, the students of 2 early elementary classrooms experienced 3 versions of the GBG: experimenter‐implemented, teacher‐implemented, and student‐implemented. The effects of the GBG on disruptive behavior and peer interactions were evaluated using a combined reversal and multielement design. Student preference for conditions was assessed via a group arrangement of a concurrent‐chains preference assessment. All versions of the game reduced disruptive behavior compared to baseline, but the rate of disruptive behavior was slightly higher during the teacher‐implemented sessions in Class 1. Few peer interactions occurred during the game; however, negative interactions increased slightly in both classes during the GBG. Students overwhelmingly preferred the student‐implemented version of the game. This study provides support for student implementation of the GBG and offers an approach to student shared governance in the classroom.
Qualitative analysis of a community pharmacy practice transformation initiative
Authors: Bacci Jennifer L. , Ferreri Stefanie P. , Coley Kim C. , Daly Christopher J. , Hake Kelsey L. , Herbert Sophia M. C. , Hughes Tamera D. , McDonough Randal P. , Roller Jessica S. , McGivney Melissa Somma , Smith Megan , Doucette William R.
Published: November 2022

Objective

To evaluate practice transformation team (PTT) members' perceptions of the Flip the Pharmacy (FtP) initiative as a strategy for implementing and improving community pharmacy‐based patient care.

Methods

FtP is a national 2‐year practice transformation initiative for implementing enhanced patient care and medication optimization services at community pharmacies, launched in 2019 with 28 PTTs including over 500 pharmacy locations. Key informant interviews were conducted with team leads, coaches, and pharmacy champions from four PTTs that participated in the first FtP cohort. The interviews were conducted using semistructured interview guides based on the RE‐AIM framework and focused on participants' experiences in the first year of FtP. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a rapid content analysis approach.

Results

Four leads, 8 coaches, and 8 pharmacy champions were interviewed from 4 PTTs from May to October 2021 and resulted in 10 themes: (1) community pharmacy practice experience is important when selecting coaches; (2) team readiness supports successful pharmacy practice transformation; (3) measures of patient care quality are needed; (4) payment and practice transformation opportunities happen in parallel; (5) successful practice transformation requires strategic involvement of the entire pharmacy team; (6) FtP practice transformation domains are synergistic; (7) change packages, coaching, and performance monitoring are core practice transformation supports; (8) pharmacy teams value opportunities to share and learn from each other; (9) sustaining patient care services is continuous; and (10) COVID‐19 accelerated practice transformation while creating new stress points.

Conclusion

Participants in this study perceived the FtP initiative as a helpful strategy implementing and improving community pharmacy‐based patient care. Future research should explore the sustainability of the FtP initiative and similar community pharmacy practice transformation efforts.
Preparing pharmacy faculty through a postgraduate year one pharmacy residency program that includes a master of science in education degree
Authors: Ray Sarah , Johnson Chris , Lokken James , Johnson Francesca Napolitano , Traynor Andrew
Published: November 2022

An effective pharmacist workforce requires highly qualified and effective pharmacy educators. Qualifications required of pharmacy practice faculty may vary by academic institution but the American College of Clinical Pharmacy recommends completion of a residency or fellowship that includes structured teaching experiences and scholarly activities. Although teaching and learning certificate programs may offer a way for residents to gain this experience, program quality may vary and there is evidence that department chairs and other administrators may value additional advanced degrees over these certificate programs. However, less than 20% of the faculty surveyed obtained an additional degree beyond the Doctor of Pharmacy. Advanced degree programs are also a relatively uncommon component of pharmacy residency programs, with a Master of Science in Health‐System Pharmacy Administration being the most common. The first year of an innovative postgraduate 24‐month pharmacy practice residency program that includes completion of a Master of Science in Education degree offers the breadth and depth of ambulatory care practice, teaching, service, and research/scholarship that is beneficial for pharmacists seeking pharmacy practice faculty appointments. Eight key residency elements critical for success are detailed. A description of core coursework highlighted the intentional design of the Master of Science in Education degree program. Previous resident graduates reflected on the value of the Master of Science in Education degree program and the overall pharmacy residency program. This unique post‐graduate training program may serve as a model for preparing pharmacy practice faculty.
Study on the desulfurization effect of coal by microwave–Fenton system
Authors: Cheng Sidan , Li Mei , Xu Shiyong , Ding Ning , Yue Jinsong , Li Hui , Xu Rongsheng , Gao Caiyun
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Microwave‐assisted and Fenton reagents were combined to enhance the removal effect of sulfur from coal. The coal samples before and after desulfurization were characterized by various testing methods such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.

RESULTS

The microwave–Fenton system showed the best desulfurization effect with a desulfurization rate of 77.52% at a microwave power of 800 W and irradiation time of 5 min, which was 82.96% higher than the maximum desulfurization rate of Fenton reagents alone. The desulfurization rates of pyrite sulfur, organic sulfur and sulfate sulfur can reach 88.76%, 58.77% and 59.33%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The minerals in the treated coal samples were significantly reduced. The microwave–Fenton system can generate a large number of hydroxyl radicals to break the CS bond, while exposing more sulfur‐containing groups to the reagents, resulting in more oxidation of low‐valent sulfur and sulfoxide to high‐valent sulfone and sulfate sulfur. The model compound removal effect was measured, dibenzyl sulfide > diphenyl sulfoxide > diphenyl sulfoxide > dibenzothiophene, while the microwave–Fenton system could significantly enhance the desulfurization effect of the above four model compounds. It was found that with the increase in applied electric field, the reaction energy barrier decreased and the CS bond was more easily broken, which was favorable to the reaction. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Evaluating water quality benefits of manureshed management in the Susquehanna River Basin
Authors: Saha Arghajeet , Saha Gourab K. , Cibin Raj , Spiegal Sheri , Kleinman Peter J. A. , Veith Tamie L. , White Charles. M. , Drohan Patrick. J. , Tsegaye Teferi
Published: November 2022

Manureshed management guides the sustainable use of manure resources by matching areas of crop demand (nutrient sinks) with areas generating livestock manure (nutrient sources). A better understanding of the impacts of manureshed management on water quality within sensitive watersheds is needed. We quantified the potential water quality benefits of manureshed‐oriented management through scenario‐based analyses in the Susquehanna River Basin (SRB) using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. Five manureshed management scenarios were developed and compared with a baseline “business‐as‐usual” scenario. The baseline assumes manure is less transportable, which means some locations have manure application in excess of crop demand. The “watershed nutrient balance” scenarios assume excess manure from surplus locations is transportable and that manure is applied around the SRB based on crop nutrient demand. The “watershed nutrient balance avoiding runoff prone areas” scenarios assume manure is transportable but not applied in vulnerable landscapes of the SRB. Each scenario was evaluated under two application rates considering crop nitrogen demand (N‐based) and phosphorus demand (P‐based). Phosphorus‐based manureshed management was more effective in water quality improvements than N‐based management. Phosphorus‐based nutrient balance scenarios simulated 3 and 25% reduction in total N (TN) and total P (TP), respectively, from the baseline scenario at the watershed outlet. The N‐ and P‐based scenarios avoiding runoff prone areas simulated 3 and 6% reduction in TN loss and 4 and 25.2% reduction in TP loss, respectively, from the baseline. Overall, the manureshed management scenarios were more effective in improving the quality of local streams in livestock‐intensive regions than at the watershed outlet.
Cumulative incidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the general population of the Valencian Community (Spain) after the surge of the Omicron BA.1 variant
Authors: Camacho Jorge , Giménez Estela , Albert Eliseo , Zulaica Joao , Álvarez‐Rodríguez Beatriz , Torres Ignacio , Rusu Luciana , Burgos Javier S. , Peiró Salvador , Vanaclocha Hermelinda , Limón Ramón , Alcaraz María Jesús , Sánchez‐Payá José , Díez‐Domingo Javier , Comas Iñaki , Gonzáles‐Candelas Fernando , Geller Ron , Navarro David ,   the Valencian Vaccine Research Program (ProVaVac) study group
Published: November 2022

Studies investigating the cumulative incidence of and immune status against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection provide valuable information for shaping public health decision‐making. A cross‐sectional study on 935 participants, conducted in the Valencian Community (VC), measuring anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2‐receptor binding domain‐RBD‐total antibodies and anti‐Nucleocapsid (N)‐IgGs via electrochemiluminescence assays. Quantitation of neutralizing antibodies (NtAb) against ancestral and Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants and enumeration of SARS‐CoV‐2‐S specific‐IFNγ‐producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was performed in 100 and 137 participants, respectively. The weighted cumulative incidence was 51.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 48.7–55.1) and was inversely related to age. Anti‐RBD total antibodies were detected in 97% of participants; vaccinated and SARS‐CoV‐2‐experienced (VAC‐ex; n = 442) presented higher levels (p < 0.001) than vaccinated/naïve (VAC‐n; n = 472) and nonvaccinated/experienced (UNVAC‐ex; n = 63) subjects. Antibody levels correlated inversely with time elapsed since last vaccine dose in VAC‐n (Rho, −0.52; p < 0.001) but not in VAC‐ex (rho −0.02; p = 0.57). Heterologous booster shots resulted in increased anti‐RBD antibody levels compared with homologous schedules in VAC‐n, but not in VAC‐ex. NtAbs against Omicron BA.1 were detected in 94%, 75%, and 50% of VAC‐ex, VAC‐n and UNVAC‐ex groups, respectively. For Omicron BA.2, the figures were 97%, 84%, and 40%, respectively. SARS‐CoV‐2‐S‐reactive IFN‐γ T cells were detected in 73%, 75%, and 64% of VAC‐ex, VAC‐n and UNVAC‐ex, respectively. Median frequencies for both T‐cell subsets were comparable across groups. In summary, by April 2022, around half of the VC population had been infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 and, due to extensive vaccination, displayed hybrid immunity.
Glucose and lipid metabolism indexes and blood inflammatory biomarkers of patients with severe periodontitis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Guan Xiaoyuan , Wang Xiane , Li Yi , Xu Jingling , He Lu , Xu Li , Xu Xinran , Meng Huanxin
Published: November 2022

Background

To investigate the relation of established glucose and lipid metabolism indexes and blood inflammatory biomarkers with severe periodontitis in systemically healthy patients.

Methods

Systemically healthy Stage III/IV periodontitis patients (case group) (n = 397), Stage II periodontitis patients (n = 36), and periodontally healthy subjects (control group) (n = 285) were recruited. A periodontal examination, complete blood cell examination, and blood biochemical examination were conducted for all participants. Full‐mouth apical films were taken for the case group. Both the case and control groups were divided by age into younger (≤ 35 years) and elder subjects. Multiple logistic regression analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted. A logistic least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model was constructed for the younger subgroups.

Results

Various glucose and lipid metabolism indexes and blood inflammatory biomarkers significantly differed between severe periodontitis patients and healthy controls, and the younger subgroups presented a greater degree of statistical differences than the elder ones. More pairs of periodontal parameters and blood indexes with significantly fair linear correlations were found in the younger patient subgroup. A logistic LASSO regression model containing eight blood indexes to assess a severe periodontitis outcome in younger subgroups showed satisfactory predictive ability.

Conclusion

The present study revealed various glucose and lipid metabolism indexes and blood inflammatory biomarkers significantly differ between severe periodontitis patients and healthy controls, especially in the younger subgroups. A LASSO regression model could be a viable option to assess severe periodontitis risk for younger patients.
Preparation of silicone oil nanoemulsion softeners using different surfactants and their effect on physical characteristics of polyester fabric
Authors: Lashgari Hamed , Ramazani Ali , Aghahosseini Hamideh
Published: November 2022

Silicone oil nanoemulsion softeners with different particle sizes can be prepared using different surfactants with various ratios aminosilicone oil, surfactants concentration and time of mixing. The silicone oil nanoemulsion softeners could penetrate well into the polyester fibers; therefore, they can induce desirable physicochemical properties in the fabric. In current study, we first prepared silicone oil nanoemulsion softeners by designing via DOE software and with different particle sizes using nonyl phenol, octyl phenyl ether and fatty alcohol surfactants, and we investigated them using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques. In DOE software, the effect of various independent variables of emulsification process such as surfactant type, oil weight fraction, surfactant concentration and time of mixing on dependent variables were studied including particle size, z‐average and width. Then, we examined the physical characteristics of polyester fabric by applying silicone oil macro, micro and nanoemulsion softeners. The treated fabrics with these softeners were compared with each other through the physical properties. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed the polyester fabric treated with silicone nanoemulsion softeners appeared to have smoother fiber surface. To prove the penetration of silicone particles into the fabric fibers, a cross section was taken from the cross section of polyester fabric by microtome in liquid nitrogen. The TEM images from cross section of fabrics treated with the silicone oil nanoemulsion softeners confirmed that the nanoparticles had penetrated well into the polyester fibers; therefore, they could induce desirable physicochemical properties in the fabric.
An Itaconic Acid‐Based Phosphorus‐Containing Oligomer Endowing Epoxy Resins with Good Flame Retardancy and Toughness
Authors: Zhao Huijuan , Duan Huajun , Zhang Junjun , Chen Lu , Wan Chao , Zhang Chenhao , Liu Chentao , Ma Huiru
Published: November 2022

With the aim to reduce the influence of flammability and brittleness of epoxy resin (EP) on its applications, a phosphorus‐containing oligomer (BID) containing phosphophenanthrene group and flexible chain segment is designed and applied to methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MeTHPA) curing EP systems. Compared with EP/MeTHPA, the glass transition temperature (Tg) declines after introducing BID. But the addition of BID endows EP/MeTHPA with good flame retardancy. When the dosage is only 19.2 wt.%, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of EP/BID/MeTHPA increases by 77% to 36% (P content: 1.5 wt.%) compared with EP and reaches the vertical combustion (UL‐94) V‐0 rating. Cone calorimetry (CC) results reveal that PHRR and THR drop by 40% and 31%. The pyrolytic process and char residue data analysis show that BID plays flame‐retardant role in gas phase and condensed phase. In addition, impact and flexural and tensile strength improve by 84%, 19% and 54% individually, proving that BID holds a potential on enhancing mechanical performance of EP/MeTHPA.
Social media in marketing research: Theoretical bases, methodological aspects, and thematic focus
Authors: Li Fangfang , Larimo Jorma , Leonidou Leonidas C.
Published: November 2022

The widespread use of social media as a marketing tool during the last decade has been responsible for attracting a significant volume of academic research, which, however, can be described as highly fragmented to yield clear directions and insights. We systematically synthesize and critically evaluate extant knowledge of social media marketing extracted from 418 articles published during the period 2009–2021. In doing so, we use an organizing framework focusing on five key areas of social media marketing research, namely, social media as a promotion and selling outlet, social media as a communication and branding channel, social media as a monitoring and intelligence source, social media as a customer relationship management and value cocreation platform, and social media as a general marketing and strategic tool. Within each of these areas, we provide important theoretical, methodological, and thematic insights, as well as future research directions. We also offer useful managerial implications derived from the articles reviewed.
New CCBHC survey reveals expanded MH, SUD service access, staff increases
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: November 2022

Increased access to mental health and substance use care and workforce investments are just a couple of key impacts that Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics (CCBHCs) have had on communities around the country, according to a new report that measured the demonstration programs’ growth and effectiveness.
Atlanta health system to establish major presence in children's mental health
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: November 2022

A stable funding source and a substantial land donation are helping the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta health system establish a comprehensive mental health program that its leaders hope will have a lasting impact in the community.
Experts assess role of therapists in psychedelic‐assisted therapy
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: November 2022

Acknowledging the barrage of research, media attention and capital investment focused on psychedelic compounds and the race to reach U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for such currently illegal drugs as psilocybin, nearly two dozen experts have weighed in on a new report that, among other things, calls attention to the critical role they said therapists play in the psychedelic‐assisted therapy process.
Electromagnetic wave scattering by a partially coated obstacle in a piecewise homogeneous medium
Authors: Kim Yun Chol , Kim Ung , Jo Chol Min
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we consider an electromagnetic obstacle scattering problem in a piecewise homogeneous medium. We assume that the incident field is the electromagnetic plane wave and the obstacle consists of metallic and nonmetallic parts. We firstly establish uniqueness and existence for the solution to the electromagnetic obstacle scattering problem. Then we prove that the electric far‐field pattern satisfies the reciprocity relation and the set of electric far‐field patterns is complete in a Hilbert space. These results have an important bearing on the solution of the inverse electromagnetic scattering problem, that is, determination of the shape of the obstacle from the knowledge of the electric far‐field patterns.
Implementation of interprofessional learning in hospital practice
Authors: Kvilhaugsvik Bente , Almås Synnøve Hofseth
Published: November 2022

Aim

Some universities of applied science struggle with implementing interprofessional learning due to a lack of diversity in professions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an interprofessional learning model with an informational letter describing interprofessional learning opportunities can provide nursing students in rural areas with sufficient interprofessional learning during internships.

Design

This qualitative study utilized a hermeneutical approach.

Methods

A total of 17 individuals participated in focus groups, group interviews and written responses. The data collection: January 2019.

Results

Four categories were observed: (a) assumptions about interprofessional learning, (b) available interprofessional learning opportunities, (c) hindrances to interprofessional learning and (d) stimulation of interprofessional learning. The conclusion was that interprofessional learning can be implemented to some extent in areas where different professions work, even when only one student is present. A focus on interprofessional collaboration, patient safety and patient flow are valuable interprofessional learning objectives. An informational letter with suggestions for interprofessional learning, such as shadowing, was considered valuable by the participants.
The inflammatory proteome, obesity, and medical weight loss and regain in humans
Authors: Perry Andrew S. , Tanriverdi Kahraman , Risitano Antonina , Hwang Shih‐Jen , Murthy Venkatesh L. , Nayor Matthew , Zhao Shilin , Levy Daniel , Shah Ravi V. , Freedman Jane E.
Published: November 2022

Objective

Weight regain occurs after medical weight loss via mechanisms of post‐weight‐loss “metabolic adaptation.” The relationship of inflammatory proteins with weight loss/regain was studied to determine a role for inflammation in metabolic adaptation.

Methods

Seventy‐four proteins central to inflammation and immune regulation (Olink) were analyzed in plasma from up to 490 participants in a trial of medical weight‐loss maintenance. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations of proteins with weight were measured using linear and mixed effects regression models and t testing, with replication in the Framingham Heart Study.

Results

Broad changes in the inflammatory proteome were observed among the study cohort (60% women, 35% African American) with initial weight loss of ≈8 kg from a median 94 kg at study entry (33/74 proteins; 7 increased; 26 decreased), many of which tracked with weight regain of median ≈2 kg over the next 30 months. Ten proteins were associated with different rates of weight regain, some specifying pathways of chemotaxis and innate immune responses. Several of the observed protein associations were also linked to prevalent obesity in the Framingham Heart Study.

Conclusions

Broad changes in the inflammatory proteome track with changes in weight and may identify specific pathways that modify patterns of weight regain.

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Multisolving innovations: How digital equity, e‐waste, and right‐to‐repair policies can increase the supply of affordable computers
Authors: Gonzales Amy L. , Kim Yeweon , Wang Laurent H.
Published: November 2022

Policy debates about the digital divide often focus on the availability and quality of Internet access, despite the fact that device inequities are persistent and widespread. To address this important but often overlooked policy concern, we present findings from a systematic literature review of policy research that informs the supply of low‐cost, large‐screen computers. Using the framework of multisolving innovations, we explore policies from across three disparate sectors—e‐waste, right‐to‐repair, and digital inclusion—to determine whether any of these policies can serve as cross‐sector solutions that work simultaneously to help reduce digital inequalities and e‐waste, while strengthening secondhand device labor markets. As a result, we highlight a wide range of policies that would optimize both the supply and distribution of affordable devices to low‐income consumers and, at the same time, broaden the base of stakeholders invested in digital equity.
An exploratory study of social media's role in facilitating public participation in e‐rulemaking using computational text analysis tools
Authors: Schwoerer Kayla
Published: November 2022

Government agencies struggle to use social media effectively to engage and involve the public. However, we know little about how individuals and groups on the other side of these efforts actually use social media to participate in government decision‐making processes, independent of government‐led engagement efforts. This exploratory study aims to address this by looking closer at how Twitter users self‐mobilize after a particular event in which they may be motivated to participate. Specifically, the study examines Twitter activity before and after the United States Department of the Interior proposed changes to its Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) regulations that would limit public access to agency records. Acomputational text analysis of 5000 tweets using #FOIA over a 99‐day period showed significant changes in the sentiment of the dialog before and after the proposed rule was announced. Furthermore, structural topic models show evidence of a diverse set of stakeholders using Twitter to exercise voice and share information about the proposed rule. Findings suggest that citizens and interest groups are taking to Twitter to mobilize participation in the rulemaking process prompting the need for more research on how the public uses social media to influence government decision‐making, absent of government‐led engagement efforts.
Invisible transparency: How different types of ad disclaimers on Facebook affect whether and how digital political advertising is perceived
Authors: Jost Pablo , Kruschinski Simon , Sülflow Michael , Haßler Jörg , Maurer Marcus
Published: November 2022

One central measure set out in the regulation of digital political advertising (DPA) concentrates on transparency disclaimers to make users aware that the respective content was bought and targeted at them with a specific intention by an advertiser. However, we lack scientific evidence about if and how users perceive transparency disclaimers of DPA on social media. This article aims to provide first empirical answers to these questions by drawing on a two‐part eye‐tracking study with 177 participants that compares the effect of different prominent ad disclaimers (i.e., versions previously [V1] and currently [V2] used by Facebook as well as a self‐designed [V3] disclaimer version) on the perception of DPA. We show that most users do not fixate on the ad disclaimers regardless of their prominence, nor does the prominence of the disclaimers affect the perceived intrusiveness and acceptance of the DPA. However, the recall and ad recognition were significantly lower for the less prominent ad disclaimers used by Facebook compared to our self‐designed more prominent version, pointing to the shortcomings of the platform's current transparency rules. Altogether, our study allows a more substantiated discussion about how DPA is recognized and evaluated by users, which contributes to the debate about incorporating regulations for DPA.
Combustion Wave Structure of the Ammonium Dinitramide‐Based Ionic Liquid Propellant
Authors: Ide Yuichiro , Izato Yu‐ichiro , Koshi Mitsuo , Miyake Atsumi , Habu Hiroto , Tokudome Shinichiro
Published: November 2022

The ammonium dinitramide‐based ionic liquid propellant (ADN‐based ILP), which is a mixture of ADN, monomethylamine nitrate (MMAN), and urea, is a low toxic monopropellant with a higher performance than that of hydrazine. To clarify the combustion wave structure of ADN‐based ILP, which has low volatility, we focused on the relationship between the phase state and temperature in ADN‐based ILP combustion and on clarifying the gas‐liquid phase reaction. The combustion still image and temperature distribution of ADN‐based ILP were obtained by strand burning tests with a high‐speed camera. As a result, two stages of the stable temperature region were found in the gas‐liquid phase. The pressure dependences of temperature in the stable temperature region were compared with the vapor pressure curves of some chemical substances and with the decomposition temperatures of ADN, MMAN, and urea. Then, it was inferred that the thermal decompositions of ADN, MMAN, and urea, as well as the evaporation of urea had occurred at the first stage of the stable temperature region. Also, it was found that the liquid ammonium nitrate had been dissociated at the second stage of the stable temperature region. For a report on the existence of dissociation products of MMAN and urea vapor on the burning surface at 1.2 MPa, the dissociation of MMAN and evaporation of urea would occur at the first stage of the stable temperature region at 1.2 MPa. As stated above, the combustion wave structure of ADN‐based ILP was developed at 1.2 MPa.
Investigation of the enzymes required for the biosynthesis of 2,3‐diacetamido‐2,3‐dideoxy‐d‐glucuronic acid in Psychrobacter cryohalolentisK5T
Authors: Hofmeister Daniel L. , Seltzner Chase A. , Bockhaus Nicholas J. , Thoden James B. , Holden Hazel M.
Published: November 2022

Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5T is a Gram‐negative bacterium first isolated from Siberian permafrost in 2006. It has a complex O‐antigen containing l‐rhamnose, d‐galactose, two diacetamido‐sugars, and one triacetamido‐sugar. The biosynthetic pathway for one of the diacetamido‐sugars, namely 2,3‐diacetamido‐2,3‐dideoxy‐d‐glucuronic acid, is presently unknown. Utilizing the published genome sequence of P. cryohalolentis K5T, we hypothesized that the genes designated Pcryo_0613, Pcryo_0614, Pcryo_0616, and Pcryo_0615 encode for a uridine dinucleotide (UDP)‐N‐acetyl‐d‐glucosamine 6‐dehydrogenase, an nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized) (NAD+)‐dependent dehydrogenase, a pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP)‐dependent aminotransferase, and an N‐acetyltransferase, respectively, activities of which would be required for the biosynthesis of this unusual carbohydrate. Here we present the cloning, overexpression, and purification of these hypothetical proteins. Kinetic data on the enzymes encoded by Pcryo_0613, Pcryo_0614, and Pcryo_0615 confirmed their postulated biochemical activities. In addition, the high‐resolution X‐ray structures of both the internal and external aldimine forms of the aminotransferase were determined to 1.25 and 1.0 Å, respectively. Finally, the three‐dimensional architecture of the N‐acetyltransferase in complex with its substrate and coenzyme A was solved to 1.8 Å resolution. Strikingly, the N‐acetyltransferase was shown to adopt a new motif for UDP‐sugar binding. The data presented herein provide additional insight into sugar biosynthesis in Gram‐negative bacteria.
Control efficacy and joint toxicity of metaflumizone mixed with chlorantraniliprole or indoxacarb against the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Wu Yu‐Jie , Wang Bing‐Jie , Wang Meng‐Ru , Peng Ying‐Chuan , Cao Hai‐Qun , Sheng Cheng‐Wang
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda is the main destructive pest of grain crops, and has led to substantial economic losses worldwide. Chemical pesticides are the most effective way to manage FAW. Here, a laboratory test using an artificial diet‐incorporated assay was conducted to determine the toxicity of five insecticides and the joint effect of the binary combination insecticides to FAW larvae. A field plot test using foliar spray was carried out to assess the control efficacy of metaflumizone mixed with chlorantraniliprole or indoxacarb against FAW.

RESULTS

The bioassay results showed that metaflumizone had a stronger insecticidal effect than indoxacarb toward FAW larvae. Furthermore, the mixture of metaflumizone and chlorantraniliprole in a volume ratio of 3:7 had the strongest synergistic effect against FAW, with a co‐toxicity coefficient (CTC) of 317.18. The best synergistic effect for mixtures of metaflumizone and indoxacarb was observed at a 1:9 volume ratio, with a CTC of 185.98. However, there was an antagonistic effect of metaflumizone mixed with emamectin benzoate and with lufenuron, because the co‐toxic factor was less than −20 at volume ratios of 8:2 and 9:1, respectively. According to the results of the field trial, metaflumizone mixed with chlorantraniliprole or indoxacarb at a 50% reduction of the application rate can effectively control FAW with efficacy ranging from 77.73% to 94.65% 1–7 days postapplication.

CONCLUSION

Overall, our findings suggest that metaflumizone and its binary combination insecticides can be utilized in FAW integrated pest management programs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Chiral β‐arylchalcogenium azide induce apoptosis and regulate Oxidative Damage on Human Bladder Cancer Cells
Authors: Lucia Ruiz Benitez Martha , Severo Sabedra Sousa Fernanda , Peter Furtado Izadora , Carlos Rodrigues Junior João , Victoria Mascarenhas Borba Msc. , Vieira Segatto Natália , Tabarelli Greice , Klein Couto Gabriela , Júlia Damé Fonseca Paschoal Msc. , Silveira Pacheco Bruna , E. D. Rodrigues Oscar , Collares Tiago , Kömmling Seixas Fabiana
Published: November 2022

In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of chiral β‐Aryl‐chalcogenium azide compoundsin vitroagainst the human bladder cancer cell line 5637. The cell growth inhibition was evaluated by MTT assay. The apoptosis induction and cellular viability were measured by DAPI staining and live/dead assay, respectively. Also, gene expression of pro‐apoptotic, anti‐apoptotic and oxidative stress pathways were investigated by qRT‐PCR. Finally,in silicomolecular docking between the compounds and proteins involved in apoptotic and cell growth pathways was performed as well. Our results showed that 5c [(S)‐(2‐azido‐1‐phenyl‐3‐telurophenyl)‐propane)] and 5j [(S)‐(2‐azido‐1‐phenyl‐3‐teluro‐p‐methoxy‐phenyl)‐propane)] compounds presented concentration‐dependent cytotoxicity. Apoptosis analysis showed chromatin condensation in 13 % and 20.3 % of cells treated with compounds5 cand5 j, respectively, compared to untreated cells (2.34 %). Moreover,5 cincreased the relative expression ofp53,Caspase‐3,Caspase‐9,SODandCATgenes. Meanwhile,5 jincreased the expression ofp53,p21,Caspase‐3,Caspase‐9,Bax,SOD,CAT,GPx,GRandiNOSgenes. Finally, molecular docking showed that5 chas a binding affinity to Survivin, Bcl‐XL, RSK2, SGK1, while5 jshowed binding affinity to the SGK1 protein only. These findings suggest that β‐Aryl‐chalcogenium azide compounds could have a potential antitumoral effect in bladder cancer cellsin vitro.
Multifunctional Hollow MnO2@Porphyrin@Bromelain Nanoplatform for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhu Xiaohui , Wang Min , Wang Haihui , Ding Yihang , Liu Yongfei , Fu Zhangcheng , Lin Danying , Lu Chunhua , Tu Xiankun
Published: November 2022

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been showing great potential in cancer treatment. However, the efficacy of PDT is always limited by the intrinsic hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) and the low accumulation efficiency of photosensitizers in tumors. To address the issue, a multifunctional hollow multilayer nanoplatform (H‐MnO2@TPyP@Bro) comprising manganese dioxide, porphyrin (TPyP) and bromelain (Bro), is developed for enhanced photodynamic therapy. MnO2 catalyzes the intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce oxygen (O2), reversing the hypoxic TME in vivo. The generated O2 is converted into singlet oxygen (1O2) by the TPyP shell under near‐infrared light, which can inhibit tumor proliferation. Meanwhile, the Bro can digest collagen in the extracellular matrix around the tumor, and can promote the accumulation of H‐MnO2@TPyP@Bro in the deeper tumor tissue, further improving the therapeutic effect of PDT. In addition, MnO2 can react with the overexpressed glutathione in TME to release Mn2+. Consequently, Mn2+ not only induces chemo‐dynamic therapy based on Fenton reaction by converting H2O2 into hydroxyl radicals, but also activates the Mn2+‐based magnetic resonance imaging. Therefore, the developed H‐MnO2@TPyP@Bro nanoplatform can effectively modulate the unfavorable TME and overcome the limitations of conventional PDT for cancer diagnostic and therapeutic.
Ultrasensitive Self‐Driven Terahertz Photodetectors Based on Low‐Energy Type‐II Dirac Fermions and Related Van der Waals Heterojunctions
Authors: Zhang Kaixuan , Hu Zhen , Zhang Libo , Chen Yulu , Wang Dong , Jiang Mengjie , D'Olimpio Gianluca , Han Li , Yao Chenyu , Chen Zhiqingzi , Xing Huaizhong , Kuo Chia‐Nung , Lue Chin Shan , Vobornik Ivana , Wang Shao‐Wei , Politano Antonio , Hu Weida , Wang Lin , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei
Published: November 2022

The exotic electronic properties of topological semimetals (TSs) have opened new pathways for innovative photonic and optoelectronic devices, especially in the highly pursuit terahertz (THz) band. However, in most cases Dirac fermions lay far above or below the Fermi level, thus hindering their successful exploitation for the low‐energy photonics. Here, low‐energy type‐II Dirac fermions in kitkaite (NiTeSe) for ultrasensitive THz detection through metal‐topological semimetal‐metal heterostructures are exploited. Furthermore, a heterostructure combining two Dirac materials, namely, graphene and NiTeSe, is implemented for a novel photodetector exhibiting a responsivity as high as 1.22 A W−1, with a response time of 0.6 µs, a noise‐equivalent power of 18 pW Hz−0.5, with outstanding stability in the ambient conditions. This work brings to fruition of Dirac fermiology in THz technology, enabling self‐powered, low‐power, room‐temperature, and ultrafast THz detection.
Recent Advances on Heterojunction‐Type Anode Materials for Lithium‐/Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fu Hao , Wen Qing , Li Pei‐Yao , Wang Zhen‐yu , He Zhen‐jiang , Yan Cheng , Mao Jing , Dai Kehua , Zhang Xia‐hui , Zheng Jun‐chao
Published: November 2022

Rechargeable batteries are key in the field of electrochemical energy storage, and the development of advanced electrode materials is essential to meet the increasing demand of electrochemical energy storage devices with higher density of energy and power. Anode materials are the key components of batteries. However, the anode materials still suffer from several challenges such as low rate capability and poor cycling stability, limiting the development of high‐energy and high‐power batteries. In recent years, heterojunctions have received increasing attention from researchers as an emerging material, because the constructed heterostructures can significantly improve the rate capability and cycling stability of the materials. Although many research progress has been made in this field, it still lacks review articles that summarize this field in detail. Herein, this review presents the recent research progress of heterojunction‐type anode materials, focusing on the application of various types of heterojunctions in lithium/sodium‐ion batteries. Finally, the heterojunctions introduced in this review are summarized, and their future development is anticipated.
Spatially Resolved Local Electronic Properties of 2D Lead Halide Perovskite Single Crystals Studied by X‐Ray Photoemission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Liang Mingli , Lin Weihua , Zhao Qian , Li Jun , Zhu Lin , Sarpi Brice , Zakharov Alexei , Scheblykin Ivan G. , Pullerits Tönu , Niu Yuran , Canton Sophie E. , Zheng Kaibo
Published: November 2022

Recently, research on the edge states of 2D lead halide perovskites (LHPs) has been attracting much attention. The lower‐energy edge state (LES) is believed to provide an efficient pathway for the dissociation of photoexcited excitons. However, the mechanism of the LES formation remains controversial, and studies that establish precisely the local electronic properties are lacking. Herein, the first study of spatially resolved electronic structures in 2D LHP single‐crystal flakes by X‐ray photoemission electron microscopy is presented, specifically identifying the contribution from the edge area. The results show that blueshifts occur in the Pb 5d core‐level peaks at the edge area compared to the interior area with much less difference in I 4d core‐level peaks. The shift becomes more pronounced as n varies from 1 to 3 (≈0.2–1.0 eV). This phenomenon is attributed to the surface restructuring of the edge area induced by the release of mechanical strain through lattice expansion. This work provides an important reference on the origin of the LES of 2D LHPs and is beneficial for future optoelectronic device applications.
Homojunction Doping for Efficient Hole Extraction in Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Feaugas Francis , Nicolini Tommaso , Roche Gilles H. , Hirsch Lionel , Dautel Olivier J. , Wantz Guillaume
Published: November 2022

Hole transporting layers (HTL) in polymer solar cells remain a subject of importance to enable enhanced efficiency and stability compared to the benchmark PEDOT:PSS. The design of an interlayer based on the same polymer as the one used in the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) is reported here. In this HTL, the polymer is doped, thus forming a so‐called homojunction. The conductivity of PTQ10 doped with magic blue is optimized for varying dopant concentrations. The resulting solar cells show competing power conversion efficiency as the widely used PEDOT:PSS and improved stability. This strategy opens the route toward the development of deep‐lying work function HTL and is promising for future BHJ materials with deep‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital polymers.
A privacy oriented authorized key agreement framework for vehicular edge computing
Authors: Sharma Shanil , Mishra Dheerendra , Rana Saurabh
Published: November 2022

The revolution of technology has presented smart vehicles. To use reliable cloud service for smart vehicles at low latency, vehicular edge computing (VEC) is introduced. VEC adopts a unique approach for providing better vehicular connection, data storage, and sharing information among IoT‐enabled vehicles. However, the establishment of secure communication and authorized access to data in these cloud‐based services are always a concern. To ensure secure and authorized communication, we construct an authenticated key agreement framework for VEC. The edge computing‐based proposed vehicular communication protocol provides secure and authorized communication for an edge‐endorsed IoT environment. The security is proved on the random oracle model. The analysis of computational efficiency is also included. Furthermore, we have conferred the comparison analysis of our designed scheme with other schemes.
The on ramp: Essential entry level experience and skills in student affairs assessment
Authors: Aaron Robert W. , Cogswell Cynthia A.
Published: November 2022

This article explores the essential, and desired, skill set for working in the field of student affairs assessment. Required skills vary a great deal, and depend heavily upon the institutional culture for assessment, partnerships with administrators and faculty, and the size or scope of the student affairs division. The “on‐ramp” topic will be discussed in the following sections: overview of skills needed for any student affairs assessment department, specific skills useful in a small department (1‐2 FTE), specific skills useful in a medium‐to‐large department (3 FTE or more), and finally, conducting assessment with fewer than 1 FTE dedicated to the assessment role in student affairs.
Revision of EN 1993‐1‐1 – Design rules for structural analysis, cross‐sectional resistance and member buckling
Authors: Bureau Alain , Snijder (Bert) , Knobloch Markus , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Gardner Leroy , Taras Andreas , da Silva Luís Simões
Published: November 2022

In the framework of the revision of Eurocode 3, Part 1–1, several amendments have been proposed and accepted in order to improve the rules for the resistance to member buckling. For clarification, a flow chart connecting the global analysis (first or second order), the imperfections and the type of verification has been implemented for ease of use. Since the publication of the standard in 2005, many research projects have been conducted across Europe on this topic and their results have contributed to provide appropriate answers to problems identified in practice. Therefore, the revised code provides new design rules for stability. Important works of calibration have been performed in these different projects to derive appropriate values of the partial factor on the resistance side. For example, a new formulation for lateral–torsional buckling has been introduced for the calculation of the reduction factor. The consequence is a reduction of the discrepancy between the results obtained by these new methods and those from experimental or numerical tests. In order to extend the scope of Eurocode 3, Part 1–1, additional methods have been implemented in an annex to cover the stability of members with mono‐symmetric cross‐section under compression axial force, biaxial bending, with or without torsion. The format of the resistance criteria remains similar to the format of the current interaction formulae so that the designers can easily identify the evolution of the rules. This article presents in a systematic way the new implementations in the formal vote version FprEN 1993‐1‐1 of the code.