bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ АСПЕКТ АНГЛІЙСЬКОГО МЕРЕЖЕВОГО СЛЕНҐУ, ПРИСВЯЧЕНОГО ТРЕНДУ «МУКБАНГ»
Authors: Бровко К. А.
Published: May 2024

У статті розглянуто питання функціонального аспекту англійського мережевого сленґу. Визначено, що чинниками виникнення англійського мережевого сленґу є прагнення забезпечити бажаний рівень експресивності для позначення сучасних і модних у сучасному середовищі реалій, які не мають відповідників у літературній мові, та з метою реалізації спілкування, яке відбувається в невимушеній, неофіційній, дружній атмосфері, та забезпечити комунікативну рівність суб’єктів спілкування. Здійснено лінгвістичний аналіз обраних лексичних одиниць англійського мережевого сленґу мікроблогів соціальних мереж “Instagram”, “YouTube”, присвяченого тренду «мукбанг», у загальному обсязі 135 слів. Доведено, що за функціональним спрямуванням з-поміж наведених функцій переважають комунікативна – 32,5%; емоційно-експресивна – 19,2%; поширеність функції лаконічності та конкретизації становить 18,5%; ідентифікаційна (номінативна) – 8,8%; оцінювальна – 8,1%; функція оригінальності – 7,4%; урізноманітнення мови – 3,7%; творча – 1,5%. Подано розлогий причинно-наслідковий зв’язок такого відсоткового співвідношення обраних для аналізу лексичних одиниць англійського мережевого сленґу за функціональним спрямуванням. Так, означена частотність комунікативної функції пов’язана з низкою закономірностей, як-от: головна роль сленґу полягає у сприянні спілкуванню й обміну думками між людьми; по своїй суті сленґ стає своєрідним мовним кодом, що полегшує взаєморозуміння та взаємодію в мовленнєвих спільнотах. Визначено, що комунікативна функція досягається за допомогою різноманітних мовних засобів: вигуками, що мають у собі лексичні одиниці зі значенням здивування та захвату; прикметниками з різноманітними значеннями; підсилювальними прислівниками зі значенням «дуже»; дієсловами й іменниками, що позначають пригніченість, розпач; іменниками зі значеннями «натхнення», «закоханість».
АВТОБІОГРАФІЗМ І СПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЬ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ТА ЯПОНСЬКІЙ ЖІНОЧІЙ ЛІТЕРАТУРАХ
Authors: Гаєвська О. В.
Published: May 2024

У статті розглянуто проблему автобіографізму і сповідальності в українській та японській фемінній літературах. Запропоновано нові підходи до компаративного вивчення жіночих образів в означених літературах. З’ясовано й наголошено на основних моментах автобіографізму та сповідальності в житті Хіґучі Ічійо (樋口一葉) та її творах «Тринадцата ніч», «Однолітки», «Каламутний потік»; в авторок літературного «Журналу жіночої освіти» Міяке Кахо (三宅花圃), Вакамацу Шідзуко (若松賤子), Шімідзу Шікін (清水紫琴), Кітада Усурай (北田薄氷) та українських письменниць Ольги Кобилянської, Наталі Кобринської, Євгенії Ярошинської, Уляни Кравченко та ін. Моделюючи жіночі образи, авторки використовують різні засоби характеротворення, акцентуючи увагу на емоційному стані героїнь, сповідальності, автобіографізмі, чуттєвості, травматичних рефлексіях, відвертості, самоідентифікації у вимірах опозиції «Своє – Інше». Розкриття дійсності крізь призму жіночого сприйняття сприяло формуванню багатогранних образів героїнь. Метою розвідки є з’ясування особливостей автобіографізму та сповідальності в українському та японському жіночому прозописьмі, специфіка творення жіночих образів у текстах письменниць обох літератур. Серед методів аналізу – порівняльно-історичний, культурно-історичний, типологічний, описовий, імагологічний. За результатами дослідження автобіографізму та сповідальності в українській і японській жіночій прозі з’ясовано їх роль в означених літературах, розглянуто способи їх реалізації в художніх текстах українських і японських письменниць. Аналіз жіночої прози дав змогу відстежити риси творчого розкриття особистого «я» через сповідальність, емоційність, прагнення до самореалізації. На основі порівняльного аналізу творів встановлено специфіку японського й українського жіночого прозописьма в історичному контексті. Також зроблено спробу розглянути типологічні аналогії та відмінності жіночих постатей «перехідного періоду» (у Японії – 明治維新) в українській та японській літературах. Це дало можливість ширше розкрити атмосферу транскультурного життя означеної доби.
Effectiveness of Sodium Creatine Phosphate Combined with Immunoglobulin in the Treatment of Patients with Viral Myocarditis
Authors: Yang Fen , Ma Meijuan
Published: May 2024

Objective: To study the effect of using sodium creatine phosphate combined with immunoglobulin therapy in the treatment of patients with viral myocarditis. Methods: Fifty-six cases of viral myocarditis patients were selected and randomly grouped, with 28 cases in each group. The study group underwent treatment using sodium creatine phosphate combined with immunoglobulin, while the control group underwent treatment using immunoglobulin. The outcome differences were compared. Results: After treatment, the study group showed significantly better cardiac function indexes, significantly lower myocardial enzyme spectrum indexes, significantly lower inflammatory mediator levels, and significantly shorter clinical symptom disappearance time as well as recovery time of myocardial enzyme spectrum as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The effect of using sodium creatine phosphate combined with immunoglobulin in the process of treating patients with viral myocarditis is ideal.
Research Progress on Eradicating Helicobacter pylori to Prevent Gastric Cancer
Authors: Jiang Yan , Pang Jian , Wu Jingyu , Sun Chen , Wang Tengqi
Published: May 2024

Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor that originates in the gastric mucosal epithelium. It mainly occurs in people over 50 years old. With the increasing work pressure, Helicobacter pylori infection, and other factors, gastric cancer patients are also getting younger. Gastric cancer has no obvious symptoms in its early stages. Therefore, gastric cancer patients are often diagnosed at the middle and late stages of the disease. The prognosis and survival rate of gastric patients are not ideal. Therefore, prevention should be taken for people who are at risk of getting gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori is a significant cause of the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. The bacterium produces various virulence factors, triggering the Correa cascade reaction, ultimately culminating in the development of gastric cancer. Clinically, it is believed that eradication of Helicobacter pylori can reverse precancerous lesions of the stomach and therefore prevent gastric cancer, but it has not been confirmed yet. This article explores explicitly the research progress on eradicating Helicobacter pylori in the context of gastric cancer prevention.
CONSTRUCTION OF CONTEMPORARY MASCULINITY IN BOLLYWOOD: A STUDY OF SELECT FILMS STARRING AYUSHMANN KHURRANA
Authors: Mishra Samarth , Deori Manoj , Pradhan Prashant
Published: May 2024

The study explores the representation of modern masculinity in three select Bollywood films starring Ayushmann Khurrana: Chandigarh Kare Aashiqui, Vicky Donor, and Dream Girl. The study examines how masculinity is portrayed in these films with a primary focus on the idea of hegemonic masculinity. The study makes use of qualitative research techniques to pinpoint important issues surrounding masculinity in these films, demonstrating a substantial movement away from conventionally hyper-masculine images towards more varied and complex representations. The male protagonists in these films are portrayed as being sensitive, frightened, and emotionally aware, which challenges traditional preconceptions.
University students’ challenges and coping strategies in emergency remote teaching
Authors: Dabir Sahar , Tafazoli Dara
Published: May 2024

This qualitative study focused on Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students’ challenges and their strategies to cope with those challenges in online education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers employed a phenomenological approach and interviewed twelve EFL MA students at a university in Iran. The researchers analyzed the collected data by following Moustakas’ phenomenological data analysis procedure. This study’s findings revealed that most students dealt with individual, teaching-led, and contextual challenges in emergency remote teaching. Also, many students used some adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies to handle these challenges. The present study’s findings provide an opportunity for authorities and teachers to see the world from students’ viewpoints and better understand the students’ unique challenges and conditions to develop a humanizing culture in the universities, especially during challenging times like the COVID-19 pandemic.
ANALISA SISTEM KENDALI MEKANIK UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN KENDARAAN LISTRIK AUTONOMOUS FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNRAM
Authors: Okariawan I Dewa Ketut , Syahrul  , Alit Ida Bagus , Nuarsa I Made , Suartika I Made
Published: May 2024

Currently, the vehicles that are commonly used are vehicles with fossil fuels, but we all know that these fuels are non-renewable fuels and their availability in nature is very limited, so it is necessary to innovate to use other renewable energy sources.  one of which is electrical energy. Besides that, the use of electrical energy for vehicles is currently very relevant because of its relatively high efficiency and friendly to the environment, namely no CO or CO2 gas is formed as in conventional vehicles. Indonesia has the potential to develop electric cars because there is a lot of nickel available to be processed into batteries. Thus, our country has a very large opportunity to produce electric cars. To realize this, it is deemed necessary to conduct a thorough study such as the level of comfort and safety. Thus, it is needed to conduct a study of the mechanical control system so that driving comfort and safety can be achieved. In this research, we will measure the turning radius of the vehicle at various TOE angles. The resulth of this study are the greater of TOE angle produce the higer the turning radius of the vehicle, The smallest turning radius is at a TOE angle 0 degrees which is 4.42 meters and the largest at a TOE angle 1.035 degrees which is 4.53 meters.
SIFAT TEKAN DAN BENDING PANEL SANDWICH BETON RINGAN SELULAR DENGAN PENGUAT PIN BAMBU
Authors: Dwi Catur Agus , Pandiatmi Pandri , Haikal Fikri
Published: May 2024

Bamboo plants are a type of grass with hollow segments in the stems, cylindrical, hard and in each book has buds or branching eyes. This bamboo plant can grow around 1200 meters above sea level and lowlands with humidity conditions and broad soil types. This plant is often found growing wild around river banks, forests, or fields. This plant is used by the community to make matting, bamboo bridges, concrete reinforcement, and so on. Concrete is a mixture consisting of sand, gravel or crushed stone and other aggregates mixed together with a paste made from a mixture of cement and water to from a rock-like mass. Lightweight concrete is concrete with a weight of less than 1900 kg/m3. The value of compressive strength is smaller than ordinary concrete and is not good at conducting heat. The specific gravity of lightweight concrete varies greatly depending on the lightweight aggregate used. Sandwich components are a type of structural composite that has the potential to be developed. Sandwich composite is a composite composed of 3 layers consisting of a flat composite (metal sheet) as the surface skin (skin) and the core material (core) in the middle (the part between). Sandwich composite is a type of composite that is very suitable for resisting bending, impact, vibration and sound dampening. Sandwich composites are made to obtain a lightweight structure but have high stiffness and strength. Usually the selection of sandwich composites materials, the requirements are light weight, heat and corrosion resistance, and price is also considered.
The purpose of this study is to utilize the addition of bamboo as a concrete reinforcement instead of steel, to create a very affordable cost and to find out how much influence the addition of bamboo pins has as a core reinforcement in sandwich composites on the compressive and bending strength of the lightweight concrete. The variation of the spacing of the bamboo pins used is 3 cm and 4 cm for the width, and 4 cm 6 cm for the length of each sandwich composite. The size the sandwich composites varies, while for compression testing it has a length of 15 cm, a width of 15 cm and a thickness of 7,5 cm. And for the bending test it has a length 40 cm, a width of 10 cm, and a thickness of 7,5 cm.
The results showed that there was an increase in strength in the compressive test from those who did not use pins of 0,646 N/mm2, and those who used pins with a distance of 3 cm x 4 cm of 1,94 N/mm2 and a distance of 4 cm x 6 cm of 1,596 N/mm2. Where the longer the distance between the bamboo pins, the strength decreases. For the bending test it also shows an increase from without pins having a value of 0,43 N/mm2 to adding pins with a pin spacing of 3 cm x 4 cm having a value of 0,89 N/mm2 and experiencing a decrease in pin spacing of 4 cm x 6 cm with a value of 0,25 N/mm2.
Frequency of tracheal intubation associated adverse events and contributing factors in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU).
Authors: Murk Shaikh  , Arshalooz Jamila Rahman  , Samina Akhtar  , Tarab zehra  , Suhana Shaikh  , Tayyaba Anwar
Published: May 2024

Objective: To determine the frequency of adverse events associated with immediate tracheal intubation in children (1-18 years) from Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi, Pakistan. Study Design: Observational study. Setting: PICU of the Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi. Period: September 2020 to August 2021. Methods: A total of 183 intubations occurred during the study period. Data was extracted using the pre-designed peri-intubation proforma, data recorded on the checklist by the observer (Staff) who was fully trained by the Physician, later on compared by the researcher using the video recorded laryngoscopy used during the intubation procedure. Results: There were 183 intubations occurred during study period. Maximum intubations were in age group of 1-5 years (27.3%) and among total intubations, there were 11(6%) intubation related complications occurred. 6 (3.3%) cases have hypoxia, 3 (1.6%) bradycardia and 2 (1.1%) others (hypotension and esophageal intubation). Majority of the complications were observed during morning hours with statistically significant association. 63.60% TI related cases survived whereas 36.40% of them expired, 54.5% stayed in PICU for 0-10 days. Conclusion: Tracheal intubation related adverse events were 6% and majority of them lead to hypoxia. Physiological and mechanical complications with the procedure do occur inspite of our best efforts. Recognizing the complications associated with tracheal intubation can help physicians better care for patients requiring intubation.
Frequency of different causes of thrombocytosis among patients presenting to tertiary care hospital.
Authors: Masooma Jaffer  , Omar Shahid  , Rumaisha Aslam  , Fatima Saeed  , Atiqa Arshad  , Muhammad Touqeer Hanif
Published: May 2024

Objective: To assess the prevalence and underlying causes of thrombocytosis among patients seeking medical attention at a prominent tertiary care facility located in Lahore. Thrombocytosis, characterized by an elevated platelet count, can signify an array of underlying health conditions, and this research seeks to unravel the frequency of these causes within the study population. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Department of Pathology, Allama Iqbal Medical College and Jinnah Hospital. Period: November 2019 to May 2020. Methods: A total of 150 patients were carefully selected from diverse medical specialties, including but not limited to medical, surgical, gynecological, obstetric, gastroenterological, nephrological, and intensive care units. The diagnostic criteria for thrombocytosis were aligned with the operational definition provided by the World Health Organization (platelet count exceeding >450 x 10^9/L) during the stipulated study period. Statistical analysis of gathered data was performed using SPSS version 17.0. Results: The findings of the study showcased that infections and iron deficiency emerged as the predominant contributors to thrombocytosis among the adult patient cohort. These factors were trailed by conditions like chronic infections, trauma accompanied by blood loss, and instances of splenectomy. Interestingly, instances of primary thrombocytosis, notably essential thrombocythemia, constituted a mere 2% of the overall sample size, signifying its rarity within this adult population. Conclusion: In the realm of thrombocytosis, the research highlights a notable prevalence of secondary thrombocytosis, while primary thrombocytosis remains a considerably infrequent occurrence among adults. The study emphasizes the significance of infections and iron deficiency anemia as the leading triggers for secondary thrombocytosis. Such insights contribute to an improved understanding of the spectrum of conditions associated with elevated platelet counts and may aid clinicians in effectively diagnosing and managing these underlying causes.
Jejak Gelar Doctor Honoris Causa Soekarno dan Pembelajaran Sejarah
Authors: Kurniawan Dadan Adi , Oktavian Mahardi Nasta Ayundra
Published: May 2024

Soekarno is one of Indonesia's great figures who is paradoxical, on the one hand he is widely revered but on the other hand he is also widely criticized. The traces of his life are complete, apart from receiving a lot of criticism, he also received a lot of awards. This research aims to trace the path of Soekarno's award of the doctorate honoris causa, the background factors, and how it relates to history learning. This research uses a historical method which includes five stages, namely topic determination, heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. Data collection techniques use document and literature studies such as speech manuscript archives, ministerial decrees, books, journals, articles and online newspaper media. The results of the research show that Sukarno was the Indonesian president who received the most doctor honoris causa degrees, namely 26 degrees (7 awards from within the country and 19 from abroad). Awards cover the fields of law, politics, philosophy, history, social, engineering and religion. The awarding of this honorary title cannot be separated from Soekarno's great role and his political relations in the national and international arena. Historiography regarding the track record of Soekarno's doctor honoris causa degree could be a new alternative to enrich history learning material at high school and college levels.
Thermal management lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles with using cold plate
Authors: Suresh Kumar  , OM Prakash Shukla  , Jaydeep Shah
Published: May 2024

Lithium-ion batteries are widely employed as the primary energy storage solution for electric vehicles (EVs). Effective thermal management of these batteries within EVs is important to ensure their safety, optimal performance, and longevity. Lithium-ion batteries are sensitive to fluctuations in temperature, and if not managed correctly, these temperature variations can lead to issues like overheating, reduced efficiency, and even safety risks. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a cooling method for a prismatic NMC battery used in electric vehicles. It emphasizes the significance of maintaining the battery's temperature within a specific range, typically between 15 °C and 35 °C, to prevent capacity loss and extend the battery's life. The design of the minichannel cold plate allows for precise thermal control with the 7 °C temperature difference. It efficiently absorbs heat generated during battery operation and releases it, preventing the battery from reaching undesirable temperature levels. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of optimizing the contact area between the coolant and the battery stack for superior performance of the liquid cooling system. At higher discharge rates of the battery, a greater flow rate is required to achieve efficient cooling, with certain limitations due to the cooling system's efficiency. Overall, the study highlights the advantages of employing a liquid cooling system for proficient temperature regulation and effective heat dissipation in battery stacks for EVs.
Enhancement of transmission line parameters for the supply of energy in the Rivers state local government area of Obio Akpor
Authors: Chinedu James Ujam
Published: May 2024

Efficient energy transmission is crucial for meeting the growing demand for electricity, particularly in urban and rural areas. In the Rivers State Local Government Area of Obio Akpor, Nigeria, ensuring reliable power supply is essential for supporting economic development and improving quality of life. However, challenges such as transmission line losses, voltage fluctuations, and inadequate infrastructure hinder the effective distribution of energy in the region. This article presents a comprehensive study on enhancing transmission line parameters to improve energy supply in Obio Akpor. Through field measurements, data analysis, and simulation studies, the performance of existing transmission lines is evaluated, and strategies for enhancing efficiency and reliability are proposed. The literature review explores previous research on transmission line optimization, emphasizing factors such as conductor material, line design, and insulation to minimize losses and maximize power transfer capability. Materials and methods encompass data collection, including impedance measurements, voltage profiles, and load characteristics, followed by computer simulations to assess proposed enhancements.
The Effectiveness of Hammock Positioning in Regulating Behavioral Patterns in Preterm: A Systematic Review
Authors: Surabhi Chandrakar  , Neha Jain  , Surendra Kumar Meena  , Tarini Prasad Pani
Published: May 2024

Background- Preterm newborns benefit from supportive developmental techniques such as hammock placement, which give them a sense of being in the womb that promotes calm, relaxation, and deep restful sleep. Objective- To identify and synthesize the available evidence on the effect of hammock positioning in regulating behavioral patterns and sleep in preterm infants admitted to the NICU Data Sources: We searched the Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Scopus databases for reports of primary research studies using a three-step strategy. We also searched for and reviewed the reference lists of retrieved articles. Methods: We included data from randomized controlled trials, Quasi-experimental and Comparative study measuring the effects of hammock positioning on physiological stress outcomes, defined as oxygen saturation, body temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate, Sleep-wakefulness, and behavioral pattern. The PRISMA model was used to conduct data extraction. We performed a narrative synthesis of all studies when data were available from multiple studies. Results: Five studies were eligible for inclusion. Infants who received hammock positioning has shown to have a higher mean heart rate, oxygen saturation and temperature, Sleep-wakefulness and improved behavioral patterns. Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that hammock positioning in the neonatal intensive care unit setting is a safe method that may significantly affect some of the physiological parameters of stress, improved behavioral patterns and Sleep-wakefulness in preterm infants. However, due to clinical heterogeneity, further studies are needed to assess the effects of physiological stress in the neonatal intensive care unit on the development of preterm infants.
Particle-in-cells simulation of the dynamics of coupled gyrotrons
Authors:   Federal Research Center A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of RAS, 603950, Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Ul'yanova St., 46, Ginzburg N.S. , Zotova I.V. ,   Federal Research Center A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of RAS, 603950, Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Ul'yanova St., 46, Rozental R.M. ,   Federal Research Center A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of RAS, 603950, Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Ul'yanova St., 46, Sergeev A.S. ,   Federal Research Center A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of RAS, 603950, Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Ul'yanova St., 46
Published: May 2024

The problem of mutual synchronization of two coupled gyrotrons in the 170 GHz waveband was simulated using the particle-in-cells method. To reduce the calculation time, an approach based on replacing the asymmetric operating mode with an equivalent axisymmetric mode was used. As a result, the dimension of the problem is reduced, and instead of three-dimensional modeling, 2.5-dimensional modeling can be used. The limiting case is considered when the lowest axisymmetric mode of the circular waveguide TE01 is chosen as the equivalent mode. The results obtained are demonstrated to be in good agreement with the traditional approach based on modeling of averaged equations.
MORPHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF BUXTONELLA SULCATA
Authors: Kolokolova O. I.
Published: May 2024

Buxtonella sulcata is a single-celled parasite causing a protozoa disease that is
widespread throughout the world, buxtonellosis of animals such as cattle, Asiatic
buffalo and double-humped camel; and foreign sources describe the disease in small
cattle (sheep and goats). Buxtonella sulcata is an opportunistic parasite affecting
the walls of the large bowel including the caecum walls in immunocompromised
animals and young animals, which causes diarrhea in infected animals. Diarrhea
leads to a decrease in animal growth, emaciation, dehydration and, if not treated in
a timely manner, death. The parasite oocysts are resistant to various environmental
conditions and chemicals. Infection occurs when oocysts enter the gastrointestinal
tract of an animal with water or food, or sanitary and hygienic standards for keeping
animals are violated, or when young animals lick contaminated partitions and
walls in the room. This article examines morphology and biology of the Buxtonella
development, its size, and differences from other protozoan parasites, which is
necessary for differential diagnosis, timely animal treatment and parasite control.
FORMATION OF NATURAL FOCI OF TREMATODOSIS IN THE KURSK REGION
Authors: Kopylova A. A. , Malysheva N. S.
Published: May 2024

The formation of a natural focus is a basic condition for the spread of biohelminthiasis
including trematodiasis. This group of parasitic infections is widespread and of great
parasitological importance both in the world in general and in the Russian Federation
in particular. The identification of conditions suitable for focus formation makes it
possible to predict and prevent possible distribution of parasites. This article presents
a summary of formation conditions of trematodiasis foci in the Kursk Region and the
prediction of associated parasitic threats. Optimal conditions for this epizootological
process and corresponding climatic factors are recorded. Large populations of
gastropods that are intermediate hosts of trematodes have been identified. The
analysis of studies on trematode infections in the Region demonstrates the detection
of many representatives of this group of helminths including species dangerous to
humans and species harmful to agriculture and fisheries. In view of the above factors
and expected preservation of natural and climatic conditions that are optimal for
maintaining trematode life cycles, we conclude that there is a need for further study
on the trematodiasis foci issue in the Kursk Region.
GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES IN MOUFFLONS AND DOMESTIC SHEEP IN PROTECTED AREAS OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Kuchboev A. E. , Amirov O. O. , Karimova R. R. , Sobirov K. F. , Ibragimov A. N.
Published: May 2024

The article studied gastrointestinal nematodes in moufflons and domestic sheep in
protected areas of Uzbekistan. Twenty-two nematode species were identified in the
digestive tract of moufflons and domestic sheep including 21 species in domestic
sheep, 7 in Severtsev’s sheep, 5 in Ustyurt mountain sheep, and 2 in Bokharan
mountain sheep. Moreover, the family Trichostrongylidae includes 11 nematode
species; Molineidae, 3 species; Trichinellidae, Strongylidae and Ancylostomatidae,
2 species each; and Onchocercidae, Gongylonematidae and Habronematidae,
one species each. Nematodes of the species Setaria labiatopapillosa, Gongylonema
pulchrum, Parabronema skrjabini are considered biohelminths, they develop with
participation of beetles (Scarabiidae and Tenebrionidae fam.) and blood-sucking
insects (Haematobia gen.); the rest species are geohelminths. It should be noted that
the species Marshallagia marshalli and Teladosagia circumcincta were recorded in all animals studied; G. pulchrum and P. skrjabini in domestic sheep, Ustyurt mountain
sheep and Severtsev’s sheep; Nematodirus abnormalis and N. helvetianis in domestic
sheep and Severtsev’s sheep; and N. oiratianus in domestic sheep and Ustyurt
mountain sheep.
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM OF THE PARASITE OF THE STERLET Acrolichanus AURICULATUS (TREMATODA: ALLOCREADIIDAE)
Authors: Mochalova N. V. , Terenina N. B. , Kreshchenko N. D. , Voropaeva E. L. , Movsesyan S. O.
Published: May 2024

The paper presents data of the histochemical study of the muscular system of
trematode Acrolichanus auriculatus, an intestinal parasite of the sterlet. Using
fluorophore-conjugated phalloidin and confocal scanning laser microscopy, the
musculature of the body wall, oral and ventral suckers, and digestive system of the parasite were described. The body wall musculature of A. auriculatus contains
three layers of muscle fibers: circular, longitudinal, and diagonal muscle fibres. The
distribution of muscle fibers along the parasite body were irregular; there were no
diagonal muscle fibers in the posterior part of the body. In the region of the lower
edge of the genital pore, a complex of muscle fibers was identified which extended
from the lower edge of the genital pore to different directions. Several types of muscle
fibers were found in oral and abdominal suckers. In the (ventral, dorso-lateral, and
dorso-medial) lobes of the oral sucker, the transverse and longitudinal muscle fibers
were identified. We described muscles of the pharynx that contained longitudinal,
circular, and radial muscle fibers, and the intestine including longitudinal and
circular muscles. A comparative analysis confirms the thesis of great diversity in the
organization of the trematode muscles and shows the presence in various trematode
representatives of both general (conservative) and specific characteristics typical for
one or another attribute type.
PATHOANATOMICAL CHANGES IN THE NASAL WAYS
OF VULPES VULPES L., 1758 INFECTED BY CAPILLARIA
(EUCOLEUS) BOEHMI SUPPERER, 1953
Authors: Sivkova T. N. , Volkov S. V.
Published: May 2024

The infection by the nasal nematode Capillaria (Eucoleus) boehmi Supperer, 1953
has been recorded in foxes in North America, Europe, and in some regions of
Russia including the Perm Kray. However, to date, a description of pathoanatomical
changes in wild foxes has not been presented in scientific literature, which
determines the relevance of this study. We carried out dissection of the carcasses of
foxes killed by hunters or in road accidents. The nasal cavities were opened. Tissue
samples were placed in a 10% neutral formaldehyde solution. The histological
preparations were prepared in the UNIMvet veterinary laboratory using Leica
equipment with hematoxylin-eosin staining, subsequent scanning and examination
using DigitalPathology© software (Russia). Histological analysis demonstrated
changes that characterized pronounced, inactive, eosinophilic, plasmacytic rhinitis.
The lamina propria was weakly infiltrated with lymphocytes. The absence of goblet
cells was observed. Around the fragments of helminths, the tissues had pronounced
swelling and were heavily infiltrated with eosinophils, plasma cells, and, to a lesser
extent, lymphocytes and mastocytes. Such changes characterized a pronounced
chronic inflammatory reaction development in foxes with a predominance of
eosinophils and plasma cells that indicated an allergic component.
NEMATICIDES, CURRENT TRENDS IN PLANT PROTECTION
Authors: Udalova Z. V. , Malyutina T. A.
Published: May 2024

An analysis is presented for the current status of problems in plant protection from
plant-parasitic nematodes using chemical nematicides. It was shown that nematicides
approved for use had a relatively low hazard class for the environment and soil
biodiversity. However, the choice of such drugs is extremely narrow since nematodes
are difficult to reach by chemical action due to peculiarities of their life cycle which
excludes oral entry of the nematicide into the parasite, and of the cuticle structure.
Since the impact of plant-parasitic nematodes is not often obvious, damage caused
by them is underestimated, and therefore, the nematicide development is secondary
and is mainly limited to the screening of substances that demonstrated nematocidal
properties for mammals and humans. Currently, the search for nematicides is based
on two approaches: the search for substances affecting the already known signaling
molecules of the nematode’s nervous system; and the search for molecular target
receptors. Thanks to the development of modern chemistry, there is visible progress
in the creation of not merely compounds with a broad spectrum of action, but it
has become possible to act upon specific proteins and other vital compounds of a
particular parasite.
BITING LICE (MALLOPHAGA) BOVICOLA LIMBATUS (GERVAIS, 1844) ON MILK GOATS IN THE VOLGOGRAD REGION
Authors: Fomicheva E. D.
Published: May 2024

Biting lice were regularly collected from milk goats in the south-eastern part
of the Volgograd Region (Sredneakhtubinsky District) from 2010 to 2011. The
result of the studies firstly found new species of biting lice Bovicola limbatus
(Gervais, 1844) belonging to the order Mallophaga on milk goats (Capra hircus).
For overseas countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Panama, Burma and South
Africa, this species was recorded as common and widespread on the Angora
and other goats. The B. limbatus population abundance and distribution were
studied on milk goats in different seasons of the year. The maximum number
of ectoparasites on small cattle was observed in late winter and early spring.
In 2011, the number of parasitic insects exceeded more than 1,000 specimens
on some animals at this time, and the incidence degree of ectoparasites in the
population of their hosts was 90-100%. In summer months, the number of B.
limbatus on animals significantly decreased. The prevalence was no more than
40%. The population size and the prevalence of the biting louse B. limbatus on
milk goats increased with onset of autumn, in early October.
REVIEW OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF SOME NATURAL FOCAL DISEASES
Authors: Vasilevich F. I. , Nikanorova A. M.
Published: May 2024

In all periods of science development, scientists have been engaged in modeling the
material world. Mathematical modeling is currently a rapidly developing method
used in biological, medical and veterinary sciences including parasitology. Of
particular interest is the modeling used to predict outbreaks of natural focal diseases.
The historical insight is made by analyzing literature sources. The article provides
a review of options for mathematical modeling in parasitology: the Ross SEIR
model (1911) for malaria based on ordinary differential equations, the delayed
Ross-MacDonald model for malaria where it is proven that the basic reproduction
number is a decreasing function of time (incubation) delays in both the insect and
human; models of malaria by Ndiaye S. M. and E. M. Paralina, who proposed
using differential equations with initially positive conditions; and MartinezRodriguez models of the number of mosquitoes with prediction and confirmation
of field research data, as well as analytical and computational models of mosquito
populations inhabiting the Kaluga Region based on statistical data for 2009–2019
as built using a 2k multi-factor experiment. The data obtained showed that, since
natural focal vector-borne diseases including malaria, dengue fever or West Nile virus were transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods, it was more correct to attribute
the main role in the possibility of disease outbreaks to the numerical value of
populations, primarily vectors, in view of the number of potential hosts.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DIAGNOSTIC METHODS FOR TRICHINELLOSIS IN THE MEAT FROM WILD ANIMALS
Authors: Vasilevich F. I. , Nikanorova A. M. , Vishnevskaya A. Yu.
Published: May 2024

Trichinellosis is widespread in natural environments and natural biocenoses as a
zoonosis and has important epidemiological and epizootological significance. In
Russia, trichinellosis has been recorded in more than 50 species of wild and domestic
animals. Uncontrolled use of meat products from wild animals as well as insufficient
thermal meat treatment can result in infection foci among humans, therefore early
diagnosis of the disease is important. The article discusses three main diagnosis
methods of trichinellosis in meat from wild animal: compressor trichinelloscopy, the
method of digestion in artificial gastric juice (AGJ) and the AGJ digestion method
using a Gastros-2M single-reactor device. The study object was a meat sample
from a wild boar obtained on a hunting farm. The evaluation of the above methods
recorded the time of the study, its usability, and cash expenses. The comparative
assessment result showed that the fastest and most effective method for identifying Trichinella larvae in meat was the digestion in artificial gastric juice using the
Gastros-2M device. However, it was noted that the compressor trichinelloscopy was
more appropriate in single studies since it did not require costs for reagents.
Hsa_circFOXP1 Contributes to Breast Cancer Progression through Regulating miR-338-3p
Authors: Wu Kaiding , Cheng Kunkun
Published: May 2024

Background: Most patients with advanced-stage breast cancer present with bone metastasis, which seriously affects their quality of life and prognosis. We aimed to investigate the potential role of and the mechanism of circular Forkhead box protein P1 (FOXP1) (hsa_circ_0008234) in bone metastasis of breast cancer. Methods: The Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO) database (GSE111504) was used to screen the differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) in metastatic breast cancer. The related expression of circular FOXP1 (circFOXP1) and miRNA was measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cellular experiments were performed to assess the influence of circFOXP1 in breast cancer cells. After co-culture of circFOXP1 siRNA-transfected MDA-MB-231 cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), the effect of circFOXP1 on osteogenic genes was detected. Bioinformatic Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed using clusterProfilter 4.8.2 and R package version 4.3. Results: circFOXP1 was upregulated in patients with breast cancer, particularly in bone metastasis breast cancer. Silencing of circFOXP1 decreased the abilities of proliferation, migration, and invasion. The increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteogenic gene expression of BMSCs co-cultured with the MDA-MB-231/si-circRNA group was observed. miR-338-3p was a target miRNA of circFOXP1. Bioinformatic enrichment analysis indicated that the targeted mRNAs were involved in in MAPK pathway, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, tight junction, Ras pathway, and PI3K-AKT pathway. Conclusions: circFOXP1 upregulation was related to bone metastasis of breast cancer. Silencing of circFOXP1 in breast cancer cells might repress breast cancer cellular activities and facilitate osteogenetic differentiation of BMSCs in the microenvironment by targeting miR-338-3p. circFOXP1 might be a therapeutic target for patients with bone metastasis of breast cancer.
Noninvasive Prenatal Testing Using Fetal Fraction Enrichment—A Pilot Study
Authors: Chen Yun , Lai Yunli , Yi Jian , Yi Shang , Huang Xiaoshan , Tang Yanqing , Su Jiasun , Shen Yiping , Wei Hongwei
Published: May 2024

Background: To evaluate the clinical performance and clinical implementation of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using fetal fraction (FF) enrichment. Methods: Both standard NIPT and NIPT with FF enrichment were performed concurrently to 277 clinical samples. Results: On average, the FF of each sample processed by NIPT with FF enrichment was 1.9-fold higher than without enrichment. 88% (43/49) of samples with low FF in standard NIPT were recovered by the enrichment method. 11 more copy number variants (CNVs) which were confirmed by prenatal diagnosis were detected by NIPT with FF enrichment. NIPT with FF enrichment generated a positive predictive value of 75% for CNVs (≥3 Mb and 22q11.2 ≥1 Mb). NIPT with FF enrichment showed similar performance in the detection of common trisomy when compared with the standard method. Pregnant women with higher body mass indexes experienced significantly greater enriching effects on FF from NIPT with the enrichment protocol. Conclusions: NIPT with FF enrichment effectively elevated the FF level. This method is capable of detecting significantly more concordant CNVs with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 75%. Our data suggest that this enhanced version of NIPT can be used to improve the screening performance of clinically significant fetal CNVs but it should only be recommended when comprehensive counseling is available.
The Efficacy of Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Analgesia in Comparison with Local Anesthetic Wound Infiltration Post-Cesarean Section: A Randomized Comparative Double-Blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Salman Mona Saad , Shaker Ahmed , Elbassyouny Heba Rady , Elnaggar Ramy Mohamad , Raslan Mohamed , Khayal Ali Elsayed , Mahmoud Safaa Ibrahim
Published: May 2024

Background: Cesarean section (CS) is one of the most common surgical procedures worldwide, often associated with postoperative pain. Effective pain management is crucial for maternal recovery and satisfaction. Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and local anesthetic wound infiltration (LWI) are commonly used techniques for post-cesarean analgesia. While both methods have shown efficacy, their comparative effectiveness remains debated. This study aims to compare the efficacy of TAP block versus LWI for post-cesarean analgesia, considering pain scores and opioid consumption, to provide insights into optimizing pain management strategies for women undergoing CS. Methods: A randomized comparative double-blinded clinical trial conducted on 200 randomly selected patients aged 20 to 40 years in the university hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 after receiving approval from the ethical research committee. Patients were divided into two groups. All patients were instructed on how to use the visual analog scale (VAS), and the procedure of ultrasound-guided TAP block or local anesthetic wound infiltration was explained to them. Main Outcome Measure: The level of pain during movement (hip flexion and coughing) at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours following surgery. Pain intensity was measured using a VAS score ranging from 0 to 10 (0 representing no pain, and 10 representing the worst conceivable discomfort). Results: Patients who underwent TAP block showed significantly lower pain scores for 12–16 hours after surgery and a reduced total requirement for analgesia in the first 24 hours after surgery compared to patients who received wound infiltration. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that bilateral TAP block was more effective in reducing postoperative pain and total 24-hour postoperative opioid and analgesic consumption after cesarean section under spinal anesthesia compared to local anesthetic wound infiltration. Clinical Trial Registration: The trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov registry with clinical trial: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05447455.
Aberrant Brain Networks and Relative Band Power in Patients with Acute Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: A Study of Resting-State EEG
Authors: Zhang Xin , Liang Feiqiang , Lu Haolin , Chen Chuyi , Long Sina , Li Zuoxiao , Ruan Jianghai , Zhang Dechou
Published: May 2024

Objective: The alterations of the functional network (FN) in anti-N-methyl-Daspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis have been recognized by functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. However, few studies using the electroencephalogram (EEG) have been performed to explore the possible FN changes in anti-NMDAR encephalitis. In this study, the aim was to explore any FN changes in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Methods: Twenty-nine anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients and 29 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) were assessed using 19-channel EEG examination. For each participant, five 10-second epochs of resting state EEG with eyes closed were extracted. The cortical source signals of 84 Brodmann areas were calculated using the exact low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA) inverse solution by LORETA-KEY. Phase Lag Index (PLI) matrices were then obtained and graph and relative band power (RBP) analyses were performed. Results: Compared with healthy controls, functional connectivity (FC) in the delta, theta, beta 1 and beta 2 bands significantly increased within the 84 cortical source signals of anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients (p < 0.05) and scalp FC in the alpha band decreased within the 19 electrodes. Additionally, the anti-NMDAR encephalitis group exhibited higher local efficiency and clustering coefficient compared to the healthy control group in the four bands. The slowing band RBP increased while the fast band RBP decreased in multiple-lobes and some of these changes in RBP were correlated with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients. Conclusions: This study further deepens the understanding of related changes in the abnormal brain network and power spectrum of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. The decreased scalp alpha FC may indicate brain dysfunction, while the increased source beta FC may indicate a compensatory mechanism for brain function in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients. These findings extend understanding of how the brain FN changes from a cortical source perspective. Further studies are needed to detect correlations between altered FNs and clinical features and characterize their potential value for the management of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
The Atrioventricular Coupling in Heart Failure: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Aspects
Authors: Terlizzi Vito Di , Barone Roberta , Nunno Nicola Di , Alcidi Gianmarco , Brunetti Natale Daniele , Iacoviello Massimo
Published: May 2024

For a long time, the study of heart failure focused on single heart chamber disease. There is, instead, growing attention on the interplay between the atria and the ventricles during the cardiac cycle and on the consequences of an altered chamber coupling on global heart performance and heart failure. This review aimed to explore the principles of atrioventricular (AV) function and coupling of the left heart and the consequences that their disruption could have in several diseases. Furthermore, we will examine echocardiographic tips for analyzing the chamber function and the AV coupling. Finally, we will explore the most recent pharmacological acquisitions and the device therapies we have for use.