bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photovoice Reveals Residents’ Concerns for Air and Water Quality in Industry-Impacted Rural Community
Authors: Rimmler Shelby M. , Shaughnessy Sarah , Tatum Ellis , Muhammad Naeema , Hawkins Shaelyn , Lightfoot Alexandra , White-Williamson Sherri , Woods Courtney G.
Published: April 2023

Rural communities of color in the southeastern U.S. experience a high burden of environmental hazards from concentrated industry placement. Community-engaged research and qualitative methods can improve our understanding of meaning-making in a community impacted by polluting facilities. This study applies the photovoice method to assess how a predominantly African American community in rural North Carolina, impacted by a landfill and confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs), perceives their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Two research questions were developed with community-based partners: (a) How do environmental health concerns in this community influence residents’ perceptions of their HRQoL? and (b) How do community and county factors facilitate or inhibit community organizing around these concerns? Three photo assignment sessions were held to engage participants in discussions related to the research questions. Researchers analyzed discussion audio recordings and identified themes related to concerns about the following issues: health and quality of life, the landfill industry’s influence on community cohesion and self-determination, and actions to address environmental injustice in Sampson County. Photovoice benefits community-engaged researchers by providing a process for assessing the research interests of a community. Photovoice also serves community organizers by providing residents with a structured way to discuss their lived experiences and strategize ways to reduce hazard exposure.
Tomographic Findings in the Retina of Unvaccinated Patients with COVID Pneumonia: Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Monera Lucas Carlos Enrique , Baeza Diaz Manuel Vicente , Quesada Jose A. , Lopez-Pineda Adriana , Fernandez Martinez Cristian , Martinez Toldos Jose Juan , Gil-Guillén Vicente F.
Published: April 2023

There is no definitive evidence on the extent of SARS-CoV-2’s effect on the retina. This study aims to determine if the natural history of SARS-CoV-2 infection affects tomographic findings in the retina of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. This is a prospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. The patients underwent ophthalmological explorations and optical coherence tomography during the acute phase of the infection and at a follow-up 12 weeks later. The primary outcomes were the central retinal thickness and central choroidal thickness, which were compared longitudinally and with non-COVID-19 historical controls. No statistically relevant differences were observed in the longitudinal analysis of the thickness of the central retina (p = 0.056), central choroid (p = 0.99), retinal nerve fiber layer (p = 0.21), or ganglion cell layer (p = 0.32). Patients with acute COVID-19 pneumonia showed significantly greater central retinal thickness than non-COVID controls (p = 0.006). In conclusion, tomographic measures of the retina and choroid are not influenced by the phase of COVID-19 infection and remain stable during 12 weeks. The central retinal thickness may increase in the acute phase of COVID-19 pneumonia, but more epidemiological studies using optical coherence tomography in the early stages of the disease are needed.
Setting Patient-Centered Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease in Central Appalachia: Engaging Stakeholder Experts to Develop a Research Agenda
Authors: Nyarambi Dumisa , Osedeme Fenose , Mamudu Hadii M. , Littleton Mary A. , Poole Amy M. , Blair Cynthia , Voigt Carl , Gregory Rob , Drozek David , Stewart David W. , Weierbach Florence M. , Paul Timir K. , Flores Emily K. , Wei Holly
Published: April 2023

The disproportionate burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and associated risk factors continues to exist in the Central Appalachian Region (CAR) of the United States. Previous studies to gather data about patient-centered care for CVD in the region were conducted through focus group discussions. There have not been any studies that used a collaborative framework where patients, providers, and community stakeholders were engaged as panelists. The objective of this study was to identify patient-centered research priorities for CVD in the CAR. We used a modified Delphi approach to administer questionnaires to forty-two stakeholder experts in six states representing the CAR between the fall of 2018 and the summer of 2019. Their responses were analyzed for rankings and derived priorities by research gaps. Six of the fifteen research priorities identified were patient-centered. These patient-centered priorities included shorter wait times for appointments; educating patients at their level; empowering patients to take responsibility for their health; access to quality providers; heart disease specialists for rural areas; and lifestyle changes. The participants’ commitments to identify patient-centered research priorities indicate the potential to engage in community-based collaboration to address the burden of CVD in the CAR.
Individual and Institutional Factors Contribute to Research Capacity Building for Early-Stage Investigators from Groups Underrepresented in Biomedical Research: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Authors: Strekalova Yulia A. Levites , Kornetti Diana L. , Wang Ruixuan , Báez Adriana , Caplan Lee S. , Idris Muhammed Y. , Lawson Kimberly , Holmes Jada , Mubasher Mohamed , Pemu Priscilla , Stiles Jonathan K. , Campo Maritza Salazar , Quarshie Alexander , Pearson Thomas , Ofili Elizabeth O.
Published: April 2023

Background: Enhancement of diversity within the U.S. research workforce is a recognized need and priority at a national level. Existing comprehensive programs, such as the National Research Mentoring Network (NRMN) and Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI), have the dual focus of building institutional research capacity and promoting investigator self-efficacy through mentoring and training. Methods: A qualitative comparative analysis was used to identify the combination of factors that explain the success and failure to submit a grant proposal by investigators underrepresented in biomedical research from the RCMI and non-RCMI institutions. The records of 211 participants enrolled in the NRMN Strategic Empowerment Tailored for Health Equity Investigators (NRMN-SETH) program were reviewed, and data for 79 early-stage, underrepresented faculty investigators from RCMI (n = 23) and non-RCMI (n = 56) institutions were included. Results: Institutional membership (RCMI vs. non-RCMI) was used as a possible predictive factor and emerged as a contributing factor for all of the analyses. Access to local mentors was predictive of a successful grant submission for RCMI investigators, while underrepresented investigators at non-RCMI institutions who succeeded with submitting grants still lacked access to local mentors. Conclusion: Institutional contexts contribute to the grant writing experiences of investigators underrepresented in biomedical research.
Cannabis and Paternal Epigenetic Inheritance
Authors: Mazzeo Filomena , Meccariello Rosaria
Published: April 2023

Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in Western counties and its abuse is particularly high in male adolescents and young adults. Its main psychotropic component, the cannabinoid delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), interferes in the endogenous endocannabinoid system. This signaling system is involved in the control of many biological activities, including the formation of high-quality male gametes. Direct adverse effects of Δ9-THC in male reproduction are well known in both animal models and humans. Nevertheless, the possibility of long-term effects due to epigenetic mechanisms has recently been reported. In this review, we summarize the main advances in the field suggesting the need to pay attention to the possible long-term epigenetic risks for the reproductive health of cannabis users and the health of their offspring.
Furloughed Employees’ Voluntary Turnover: The Role of Procedural Justice, Job Insecurity, and Job Embeddedness
Authors: Ballesteros-Leiva Felix , St-Onge Sylvie , Dufour Marie-Ève
Published: April 2023

During the COVID-19 lockdown period, several employers used furloughs, that is, temporary layoffs or unpaid leave, to sustain their businesses and retain their employees. While furloughs allow employers to reduce payroll costs, they are challenging for employees and increase voluntary turnover. This study uses a two-wave model (Time 1: n = 639/Time 2: n = 379) and confirms that furloughed employees’ perceived justice in furlough management and job insecurity (measured at Time 1) explain their decision to quit their employer (measured at Time 2). In addition, our results confirm that furloughed employees’ job embeddedness (measured at Time 1) has a positive mediator effect on the relationship between their perceived procedural justice in furlough management (measured at Time 1) and their turnover decision (Time 2). We discuss the contribution of this study to the fields of knowledge and practice related to turnover and furlough management to reduce their financial, human, and social costs.
Diversity of Studies on Neighborhood Greenspace and Brain Health by Racialized/Ethnic Group and Geographic Region: A Rapid Review
Authors: Besser Lilah M. , Jimenez Marcia Pescador , Reimer Cameron J. , Meyer Oanh L. , Mitsova Diana , George Kristen M. , Adkins-Jackson Paris B. , Galvin James E.
Published: April 2023

Studies examining associations between greenspace and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) outcomes are rapidly on the rise, yet no known literature reviews have summarized the racialized/ethnic group and geographic variation of those published studies. This is a significant gap given the known disparities in both greenspace access and ADRD risk between racialized/ethnic groups and between developed versus developing countries. In this rapid literature review, we (1) describe the diversity of published greenspace–brain health studies with respect to racialized/ethnic groups and geographic regions; (2) determine the extent to which published studies have investigated racialized/ethnic group differences in associations; and (3) review methodological issues surrounding studies of racialized/ethnic group disparities in greenspace and brain health associations. Of the 57 papers meeting our inclusion criteria as of 4 March 2022, 21% (n = 12) explicitly identified and included individuals who were Black, Hispanic/Latinx, and/or Asian. Twenty-one percent of studies (n = 12) were conducted in developing countries (e.g., China, Dominican Republic, Mexico), and 7% (n = 4) examined racialized/ethnic group differences in greenspace–brain health associations. None of the studies were framed by health disparities, social/structural determinants of health, or related frameworks, despite the known differences in both greenspace availability/quality and dementia risk by racialized/ethnic group and geography. Studies are needed in developing countries and that directly investigate racialized/ethnic group disparities in greenspace—brain health associations to target and promote health equity.
Mesoscale Structure in Urban–Rural Mobility Networks in the Pearl River Delta Area: A Weighted Stochastic Block Modeling Analysis
Authors: Wang Yurun , Zhao Pu , Xie Senkai , Zhang Wenjia
Published: April 2023

Understanding the spatial structure of a megaregion with urban and rural areas is crucial for promoting sustainable urbanization and urban–rural integration. Compared to the city network (or the network of urban areas), however, fewer studies focus on the network connecting rural areas or on the comparison of regional structures between urban and rural networks. Using weighted daily mobility flows from the massive mobile-phone signaling data, this study constructs an urban–urban mobility (UUM) network and an urban–rural mobility (URM) network in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. A weighted stochastic block model (WSBM) was adopted to identify and compare the latent mesoscale structures in the two networks. Results investigated a gradient community mesoscale structure nested with typical core–periphery (CP) structures in the UUM network and an asymmetric bipartite mesoscale structure mixed with CP hierarchies in the URM network. In a comparison of the different spatial configuration of urban/rural nodes and groupings of their roles, positions, and linkages, the study yielded empirical insights for renewed urban–rural interaction and potential planning pathways towards urban–rural integration.
Detergent-Mediated Virus Inactivation in Biotechnological Matrices: More than Just CMC
Authors: Farcet Jean-Baptiste , Karbiener Michael , Zelger Leonhard , Kindermann Johanna , Kreil Thomas R.
Published: April 2023

For decades, the ability of detergents to solubilize biological membranes has been utilized in biotechnological manufacturing to disrupt the lipid envelope of potentially contaminating viruses and thus enhance the safety margins of plasma- and cell-derived drugs. This ability has been linked to detergent micelles, which are formed if the concentration of detergent molecules exceeds the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Traditionally, the CMC of detergents is determined in deionized water (ddH2O), i.e., a situation considerably different from the actual situation of biotechnological manufacturing. This study compared, for five distinct detergents, the CMC in ddH2O side-by-side with two biopharmaceutical process intermediates relevant to plasma-derived (Immunoglobulin) and cell-derived (monoclonal antibody) products, respectively. Depending on the matrix, the CMC of detergents changed by a factor of up to ~4-fold. Further, the CMC in biotechnological matrices did not correlate with antiviral potency, as Triton X-100 (TX-100) and similar detergents had comparatively higher CMCs than polysorbate-based detergents, which are known to be less potent in terms of virus inactivation. Finally, it was demonstrated that TX-100 and similar detergents also have virus-inactivating properties if applied below the CMC. Thus, the presence of detergent micelles might not be an absolute prerequisite for the disruption of virus envelopes.
Indoor Fire Detection Algorithm Based on Second-Order Exponential Smoothing and Information Fusion
Authors: An Liuqi , Chen Lan , Hao Xiaoran
Published: April 2023

With the increasing complexity of building structures and interior materials, the danger of indoor fires has become more severe. It is effective to improve the accuracy and timeliness of fire-sensing devices in order to reduce the harm caused by fires. This paper focuses on the temporal characteristics of sensor information, creatively introducing second-order exponential smoothing into the information fusion algorithm. The RNN structure is used to fit the formula and adaptively trained with various types of fire data. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves an accuracy of 98% in fire recognition, significantly improving the accuracy of fire recognition. To avoid the issue of imbalanced positive and negative samples, this paper comprehensively evaluates parameters such as F1-score and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC). The achieved scores are 0.97 and 0.95, respectively, indicating the algorithm’s good performance in detecting the presence or absence of fire. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is tested for its alarm time. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can timely identify various types of fires and can give an alarm earlier than traditional fire alarms.
Challenges in Agile Software Maintenance for Local and Global Development: An Empirical Assessment
Authors: Almashhadani Mohammed , Mishra Alok , Yazici Ali , Younas Muhammad
Published: April 2023

Agile methods have gained wide popularity recently due to their characteristics in software development. Despite the success of agile methods in the software maintenance process, several challenges have been reported. In this study, we investigate the challenges that measure the impact of agile methods in software maintenance in terms of quality factors. A survey was conducted to collect data from agile practitioners to establish their opinions about existing challenges. As a result of the statistical analysis of the data from the survey, it has been observed that there are moderately effective challenges in manageability, scalability, communication, collaboration, and transparency. Further research is required to validate software maintenance challenges in agile methods.
Highly Sensitive and Highly Emissive Luminescent Thermometers for Elevated Temperatures Based on Lanthanide-Doped Polymers
Authors: Tcelykh Liubov , Latipov Egor , Lepnev Leonid , Anosov Andrei , Kozhevnikova Vladislava , Kuzmina Natalia , Utochnikova Valentina V.
Published: April 2023

Lanthanide coordination compounds contining multiple lanthanides are the most promising candidate materials for luminescent thermometry. Sensing elevated temperatures requires highly stable complexes and matrices, such as those of thermally stable polymers. However, most high-temperature polymers are not optically inert, and this can affect their thermometric properties, including decreasing their intensity and sensitivity. In the present paper, the proper selection of the combination of a matrix and two emitters allowed us to obtain a highly sensitive and highly emissive luminescent thermometry material, 1{5[Tb(Bz)3Phen]2+1[Eu(Bz)3Phen]2}:4PI4050, based on terbium and europium complexes in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PI4050), which is suitable for the detection of temperatures up to 200 °C.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Hirshfeld Surfaces Analysis, Interaction with DNA and Comparation of Different Bases in Hirshfeld Atom Refinement of New Polymorph of Chlorido(η6-p-cymene)(diclofenac)Ruthenium(II) Organometallic Compound
Authors: Schoeller Martin , Piroš Milan , Lušpai Karol , Braniša Jana , Moncol Ján
Published: April 2023

A new polymorph of the ruthenium(II) diclofenac complex with formula [Ru(p-cymene)(diclo)Cl] was synthesized, and its crystal structure was solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure was refined by HAR, using five different relativistic bases sets (x2c-SVP, jorge-DZP-DKH, jorge-TZP-DKH, x2c-TZVP, and x2c-TZVPP) and three effective core potential basis sets (ECP-def2-SVP, ECP-def2-TZVP, and ECP-def2-TZVPP). Their influence on the structure parameters was compared. The analysis of the supramolecular structure of the HAR/non-HAR structures, as well as of the orthorhombic polymorph, was supported by the calculation and analysis of the Hirshfeld surfaces. The best results were observed for HAR using triple-zeta-based sets. No significant effect of base choice on Hirshfeld surfaces was observed. A study of the ability of the complex to interact with ct-DNA was also performed. The complex was shown to interact with ct-DNA, but the mode of interaction is not fully elucidated.
Rescuing the Inhibitory Effect of the Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus of Musca domestica on Mating Behavior
Authors: Gallagher Marissa , Ramirez Arianna , Geden Christopher J. , Stoffolano John G.
Published: April 2023

Infection with salivary gland hypertrophy virus (MdSGHV) of Musca domestica prevents female flies from accepting copulation attempts by healthy or virus-infected males. This study focused on supplemental hormonal rescue therapy for mating behavior in virus-infected female house flies. The inhibitory effect of the virus on mating behavior in females injected with MdSGHV was reversed by hormonal therapy in the form of octopamine injections, topical application of methoprene, or both therapies combined along with 20-hydroxyecdysone. Infected females whose mating responsiveness had been restored continued to have other viral pathologies associated with infection such as hypertrophy of the salivary glands and a lack of ovarian development.
Efficacy of Pyrethroid–Pyriproxyfen and Pyrethroid–Chlorfenapyr Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) for the Control of Non-Anopheles Mosquitoes: Secondary Analysis from a Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial (cRCT)
Authors: Adoha Constantin J. , Sovi Arthur , Yovogan Boulais , Akinro Bruno , Accrombessi Manfred , Dangbénon Edouard , Odjo Esdras M. , Sagbohan Hermann Watson , Kpanou Casimir Dossou , Padonou Gil G. , Messenger Louisa A. , Agbangla Clément , Ngufor Corine , Cook Jackie , Protopopoff Natacha , Akogbéto Martin C.
Published: April 2023

The efficacy of a vector control tool in reducing mosquito biting is crucial for its acceptability. The present study compared the vector density of Culex spp. And Mansonia spp. across clusters, which received two dual-active ingredient (a.i.) long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and a standard pyrethroid-only LLIN, and assessed the seasonality of these mosquito genera. A total of 85,723 Culex spp. and 144,025 Mansonia spp. were caught over the study period. The density of Culex and Mansonia was reduced in all three arms over the study period. There was no evidence of a significant reduction in the indoor or outdoor density of Culex spp. in either dual-a.i. LLIN arm as compared to the standard pyrethroid-only net arm. A similar trend was observed with Mansonia spp. A high density of Culex spp. was found both in rainy and dry seasons, while for Mansonia spp., this was mainly observed during the rainy season. These results suggest that the novel insecticides in the dual-a.i. LLINs did not have an additional impact on these species and that pyrethroids might still be effective on them. Further work is required to determine whether these species of mosquitoes have resistance to the insecticides tested in this trial.
Is Integrated Management of Gymnandrosoma aurantianum Possible with Trichogramma atopovirilia and Novel Products Used in Citrus Orchards in Brazil?
Authors: Cantori Lucas Vinicius , Iost Filho Fernando Henrique , Pazini Juliano de Bastos , Diniz Alexandre José Ferreira , Yamamoto Pedro Takao , Parra José Roberto Postali
Published: April 2023

In Brazil, the citrus fruit borer, Gymnandrosoma aurantianum Lima, 1927, is a serious pest in orange orchards, causing an annual loss of 80 million US dollars, and is managed with multiple insecticide applications, often 56 in a single season. On the other hand, the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner, 1983 has the potential for controlling G. aurantianum by attacking its eggs. Considering the intensive insecticide applications in citrus orchards in Brazil to control the large complex of pests, especially Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908, evaluation of the harmful effects of insecticides on T. atopovirilia is important to maximize efficiency in managing G. aurantianum. Here, we tested the effects of new products used in citrus orchards (cyantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole + abamectin, abamectin, sulfoxaflor, spinetoram, flupyradifure, and Cordyceps fumosorosea (Wize) Kepler, B. Shrestha & Spatafora) on adults and pupae of T. atopovirilia. Of the insecticides tested, spinetoram caused the highest impacts on T. atopovirilia parasitism, longevity, emergence, and mortality. The other products caused more sublethal than lethal effects and were classified as 1 and/or 2 in the IOBC/WPRS classification. Abamectin, cyantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole + abamectin, and the entomopathogenic fungus C. fumosorosea were classified as short-lived. Except for spinetoram, these products were classified as selective. In this study, spinetoram was considered harmful to T. atopovirilia and, therefore, should be managed carefully in IPM programs combining this parasitoid. In order to safely use this insecticide, one should respect the interval of release of the parasitoid, which is 21 days after its spraying. The novel products tested, cyantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole + abamectin, abamectin, sulfoxaflor, and the entomopathogenic fungi C. fumosorosea were selective and non-persistent to T. atopovirilia. These products are possible replacements for non-selective insecticides to achieve higher control from both chemical and biological tools.
Neuro–Immuno–Psychological Aspects of Chronic Urticaria
Authors: Tomaszewska Katarzyna , Słodka Aleksandra , Tarkowski Bartłomiej , Zalewska-Janowska Anna
Published: April 2023

Urticaria is a condition characterized by the development of itchy wheals (hives), angioedema, or both. The pathophysiology of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is still poorly understood. It is suggested that there is no dominant and independent mechanism of CSU; however, there are different immunological and non-immunological abnormalities that act simultaneously or/and follow each other resulting in clinical symptoms. The latest hypothesis points out that mast cells (MCs) to be activated via autoantibodies in autoallergic or autoimmune mechanism mediators released from degranulated MCs are responsible for the vasoactive and neurospecific effect in CSU. According to many clinical observations, it is suggested that psychological stress can be both a triggering factor in the onset of CSU and a modulating one in the course of the disease and therapy effectiveness. Of importance, the mechanistic background of the psychological stress response in the skin has not yet been fully elucidated. However, of note, a variety of inflammatory mediators, neuropeptides, and neurotransmitters facilitate this phenomenon. This review presents recent findings on the neuro–immuno–psychological aspects of CSU, highlighting an emerging role of neuro–immune interactions. It also points out the usefulness of psychological tools employment for the baseline diagnosis of perceived stress level and the presence of its symptoms. Furthermore, it proposes the implementation of non-invasive interventions to reduce psychological stress and anxiety. A bio–psycho–social approach including psychological support and patient education seems to be as important as traditional pharmacotherapy for CSU. It facilitates the effective control of active disease and a prolonged remission time in this disease.
Effect of Resistance Training with Different Set Structures on Neurotrophic Factors and Obesity-Related Biomarkers in Middle-Aged Korean Women with Obesity
Authors: Bang Hyun Seok
Published: April 2023

This 12-week study investigates the effects of resistance training with different set structures on the plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and obesity-related markers in middle-aged Korean women with obesity. A total of 40 middle-aged women with obesity (mean age, 59.87 ± 2.80 years) were enrolled in this study; only 31 women were able to complete the 12-week exercise period. The participants were randomly divided into the following four groups: control (CON, n = 8), drop set system (Drop, n = 8), descending set system (Descend, n = 7), and ascending set system (Ascend, n = 8). Body composition was recorded, and blood samples were obtained and evaluated before and after the 12-week exercise period intervention. Two groups showed no significant differences in body weight, body fat percentage, and body mass index before and after the 12-week exercise period. However, significant differences were observed in the blood levels of BDNF, NGF, adiponectin, leptin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). BDNF and NGF showed significant differences in both time and interaction effects. Post hoc analysis revealed that the Drop group had higher BDNF and NFG levels than those of the Ascend and CON groups, while there was a significant increase in the levels of these biomarkers in the Descend and Drop groups in the time comparison. Adiponectin levels also showed significant differences in both time and interaction effects. Post hoc analysis revealed that the Drop and Descend groups had higher adiponectin levels than those of the CON group. Leptin levels decreased significantly in the Descend and Drop groups over time. GLP-1 levels showed no significant differences between the groups; however, there were significant differences in both time and interaction effects. Post hoc analysis revealed that the Drop group had lower GLP-1 levels than those of the CON group. This study suggests that resistance training with different set structures can have varying effects on the blood levels of different biomarkers in middle-aged women with obesity. These findings have implications for exercise prescription, and may provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the beneficial outcomes of resistance training in middle-aged Korean women with obesity.
Fixed versus Unfixed Combination of Topical Latanoprost/Timolol for Glaucoma: An Observational Study Investigating the Level of Adherence and Ocular Surface Health
Authors: Toumanidou Victoria , Diafas Asterios , Georgiadis Nikolaos , Tsinopoulos Ioannis
Published: April 2023

Purpose: To investigate the effect of fixed combination versus concomitant unfixed topical glaucoma treatment on patients’ adherence and ocular surface health. Patients and Methods: This is a 6-month, prospective, parallel-group, observational study in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT), primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), or exfoliation glaucoma (XFG). A total of 142 patients with similar baseline characteristics were enrolled in this study. Seventy-one patients received a Latanoprost 0.005%/Timolol 0.5% fixed combination in the evening, whereas seventy-one patients received the unfixed treatment with Latanoprost 0.005% in the evening and Timolol 0.5% twice daily. The primary outcome was the adherence rate at baseline, and at the 3- and 6-month follow-up visits. The secondary outcomes included the signs of ocular surface disease (OSD) and intraocular pressure (IOP). Results: The adherence of patients treated with the fixed combination was higher than the unfixed treatment at the 3-month (78.0% vs. 63.0%, p < 0.001) and at the 6-month visits (73.0% vs. 58.5%, p < 0.01). The Break-up Time, Schirmer test, and Van Bijsterveld score were worse in the unfixed group at baseline and all subsequent examinations (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). There were no differences in the mean IOP between groups at baseline, 1-, and 3-month visits. IOP appears higher in the unfixed group at 6 months (16.7 vs. 15.0 mmHg, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The patients with ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma treated with a fixed combination are significantly more adherent and show a healthier ocular surface than those treated with an unfixed combination. The study provides significant evidence of the benefits of fixed combination treatment.
Relationship between Stress Shielding and Optimal Femoral Canal Contact Regions for Short, Tapered-Wedge Stem Analyzed by 2D and 3D Systems in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Maeda Takashi , Nakano Masaki , Nakamura Yukio , Momose Takashige , Sobajima Atsushi , Takahashi Jun , Nakata Katsuya , Nawata Masashi
Published: April 2023

Although tapered-wedge short stem has been widely employed with its availability for minimally invasive surgeries in total hip arthroplasty (THA), post-operative stress shielding matter remains unresolved in cementless procedures. This study aimed to clarify the most optimal femoral canal contact regions of the stem design taking stress shielding incidence into consideration. This investigation included 60 joints from 60 patients (mean age at operation: 65.9 years), of which follow-up duration after primary THA had been more than 2 years. Frequencies of spot welds, subsidence, and stress shielding were examined 2 years after surgery. The most suitable femoral canal contact regions were evaluated by plain radiograph (2D) and 3D-computed tomography analyses according to Nakata’s division for fitting manners. Spot welds were observed in 38 cases (63.3%), and no subsidence case was seen. Respective number of stress shielding cases, based on Engh’s classification, categorized as degree 0, 1, and 2, were 2 (3.3%), 31 (51.7%), and 27 (45.0%), while no cases for degree 3 or 4 were found. When assessed by 3D fitting analysis, 27 cases of stress shielding degree 2 were constituted by 13/42 cases of mediolateral (ML) fit, 2/4 cases of flare fit, and 12/14 cases of multi point fit. In 42 cases of ML fitting, stem contact rate of the most proximedial region in stress shielding degree 0 and 1 was significantly higher compared to stress shielding degree 2 cases. Meanwhile, the rates of distal regions were significantly lower or absent in stress shielding degree 0 and 1 cases. The initial fixation of this stem design was very good in our cohort regardless of fitting manners. This study successfully revealed that ML fitting with femoral component, especially the most proximedial calcar site restricted fitting, would be optimal for reducing stress shielding occurrence in cementless short, tapered-wedge stem THA. Thus, the ideal stem contact region should be considered during THA procedures in light of the reduction of stress shielding development.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Mediating Effect of Chronic Pain on the Relationship between Cervical Proprioception and Functional Balance in Elderly Individuals with Chronic Neck Pain: Mediation Analysis Study
Authors: Raizah Abdullah , Reddy Ravi Shankar , Alshahrani Mastour Saeed , Gautam Ajay Prashad , Alkhamis Batool Abdulelah , Kakaraparthi Venkata Nagaraj , Ahmad Irshad , Kandakurti Praveen Kumar , ALMohiza Mohammad A.
Published: April 2023

(1) Background: Cervical proprioception maintains head orientation in space and contributes to maintaining bodily balance. Evaluating cervical proprioception in elderly individuals with chronic neck pain (CNP) and understanding how pain intensity mediates the relationship between proprioception and functional balance helps formulate treatment strategies for this population. The objectives of this study are to (a) compare the cervical proprioception and functional balance between CNP and asymptomatic, (b) investigate the relationship between cervical proprioception and functional balance ability in CNP individuals and (c) mediation effect of chronic pain on the relationship between cervical proprioception and functional balance tests (2) Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study recruited 60 elderly individuals with a diagnosis of CNP (mean age: 66.40 years) and 60 asymptomatic (mean age: 66.42 years). The cervical proprioception is measured using the target head repositing technique. The subjects were asked to close their eyes and reposition their head actively to the target position from the neutral position, and the reposition accuracy is estimated as joint position errors (JPE) in degrees. The cervical proprioception was measured in the directions of flexion, extension, and left and right rotation. The functional balance was assessed using the berg balance test (BBS) score and timed-up-and-go (TUG) test in seconds. (3) Results: The elderly individuals with CNP had increased cervical JPE compared to the asymptomatic group (p < 0.001) in all the directions tested, indicating that cervical proprioception is impaired in CNP patients. Moreover, the CNP individual functional balance is significantly impaired (p < 0.001) compared to asymptomatic. The BBS test scores were lower, and the TUG scores were higher in the CNP group. In CNP individuals, the cervical JPE showed a significant correlation with the BBS test scores (r = −0.672 to −0.732, p < 0.001) and TUG scores (r = 0.328 to −0.414, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Cervical proprioception and functional balance are impaired in elderly individuals with CNP. Physical therapists and rehabilitation professionals may consider these factors during the evaluation and development of treatment strategies in elderly adults with CNP.
The Prognostic Characteristics and Recurrence Patterns of High Grade Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer: A Large Retrospective Analysis of a Tertiary Center
Authors: Zouridis Andreas , Zarrindej Kianoush , Rencher Joshua , Pappa Christina , Kashif Ammara , Smyth Sarah , Sadeghi Negin , Sattar Alisha , Damato Stephen , Ferrari Federico , Laganà Antonio , Abdalla Mostafa , Kehoe Sean , Addley Susan , Soleymani majd Hooman
Published: April 2023

High grade endometrioid endometrial cancer (HGEEC) is a heterogeneous group of tumors with unclear prognostic features. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the independent risk factors for recurrence and mortality and to describe the recurrence patterns of HGEEC. Ninety-six consecutive cases of HGEEC treated with primary surgery in a single Tertiary Center were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathological and treatment details were recorded, and all patients were closely followed up. Disease-free, overall and cancer-specific survival rates were 83.8%, 77.8% and 83.6%, respectively. Cervical stromal involvement was independently related to recurrence (HR = 25.67; 95%CI 2.95–223.30; p = 0.003) and cancer-related death (HR = 15.39; 95%CI 1.29–183.43; p = 0.031) after adjusting for other pathological and treatment variables. Recurrence rate was 16%, with 60% of these cases having lung metastases and only one case with single vaginal vault recurrence. 81.81% of the recurrences presented with symptoms and not a single recurrence was diagnosed in routine follow-up clinical examination. In conclusion, the recurrence pattern may suggest that patient-initiated follow-up (PIFU) could be considered a potential alternative to clinical-based follow-up for HGEEC survivors, especially for patients without cervical involvement and after two years from treatment. Additional caution is needed in patients with cervical stromal involvement.
The Level of Stress and Anxiety in Pregnant Women Depending on Social Support and Physical Activity
Authors: Kowalska Joanna
Published: April 2023

Social support and physical activity are mentioned among the numerous factors affecting the emotional state of pregnant women. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the level of perceived stress and anxiety in pregnant women depending on social support and their physical activity both before and during pregnancy and find the factors that affected the level of perceived stress. Methods. A total of 373 pregnant women were qualified for the study. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and a self-administered questionnaire were used. Results. In the study group, a high level of stress and anxiety were noted. A comparative analysis showed that physically active women before pregnancy, women attending childbirth classes and remaining in a relationship, were characterized by a lower level of stress and anxiety compared to physically inactive women, women who did not participate in childbirth classes and were single. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that participation in childbirth classes, physical activity before pregnancy, the level of anxiety as a trait, and women’s age had the most significant impact on the stress level of surveyed women. Conclusions. Further research among pregnant women and women in the postpartum period is needed to confirm the benefits of physical activity and to identify as many factors as possible that may affect the emotional state of pregnant women.
A Multicenter Cohort Study on the Association between Metformin Use and Hearing Loss in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using a Common Data Model
Authors: Kim Minjin , Park Dong Heun , Choi Hangseok , Song Insik , Lim Kang Hyeon , Yoon Hee Soo , Rah Yoon Chan , Choi June
Published: April 2023

We attempted to explore the association between metformin use and hearing loss in in a large-scale study. This retrospective multicenter cohort study assessed the data of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) aged over 40 years using the Observational Health Data Science and Informatics open-source software and the Common Data Model database from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2019. Each participant was selected using the ICD-10-CM diagnosis code E11 for type 2 DM with sensorineural hearing loss. The participants were divided into metformin and non-metformin users. The outcome measure was the first occurrence of hearing loss after the diagnosis of DM as measured by the CDM cohort study. A total of 80,596 patients, including 46,152 metformin users and 34,444 non-metformin users from three hospitals were assessed. After calibration, we compared the risk of hearing loss using Kaplan–Meier curves, and found significant differences between the groups. The calibrated hazard ratio in the three hospitals (0.79 [95% confidence interval, 0.57–1.12]) was summarized. These findings suggest that the probability of hearing loss-free survival in the metformin user group is higher than that in the non-metformin user group.
Air Pollution and Perinatal Mental Health: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Surace Teresa , Quitadamo Cecilia , Caldiroli Alice , Capuzzi Enrico , Colmegna Fabrizia , Nosari Guido , Borroni Elisa , Fedrizzi Luca , Bollati Valentina , Pesatori Angela Cecilia , Carugno Michele , Clerici Massimo , Buoli Massimiliano
Published: April 2023

Background: The aim of the present study was to summarise the available data about the link between air pollution exposure and the new-onset and severity of psychiatric disorders in pregnant women during the perinatal period. Materials and methods: We selected articles published until June 2022 on PubMed and the Web of Science. Pollutants included were PM2.5 (particulate matter 2.5 micrometres and smaller), PM10 (particulate matter 10 micrometres and smaller), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), O3 (ozone), SO2 (sulphur dioxide), CO (carbon monoxide), PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers), PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), lead, and cadmium. The perinatal period was considered as the time of pregnancy until one year after childbirth. Results: Nine studies were included; most of them evaluated the association between exposure to air pollutants and the onset of Postpartum Depression (PPD). Two studies showed an association between, respectively, only PM2.5 and both PM2.5 and NO2 exposure and PPD onset 12 months after childbirth, while another study found a significant association between NO2 exposure and PPD occurrence 6 months after childbirth. PBDE blood levels were associated with more severe depressive symptoms. Lastly, one study observed a link between stressful symptoms and exposure to PM2.5, PM10 during pregnancy. Conclusion: More comprehensive and uniform studies are required to make a roadmap for future interventions, given the growing relevance of issues such pollution and mental health, particularly during the perinatal period.
Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra Trace Results: Decision Support for the Treatment of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Low TB Burden Countries
Authors: Guillouzouic Aurélie , Gaudart Alice , Tessier Eve , Risso Karine , Hamdad Farida , Alauzet Corentine , Vaillant Pierre , Koebel Christelle , Kassegne Loïc , Chenouard Rachel , Abgueguen Pierre , Le Brun Cécile , Jamard Simon , Lecomte Raphaël , Lefebvre Maeva , Bémer Pascale
Published: April 2023

Objectives. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) can be difficult to diagnose, especially in severe forms. The Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra test introduced an additional category called trace to reference very small amounts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) DNA. The objective of our multicenter study was to evaluate whether the trace result on an extrapulmonary (EP) sample is a sufficient argument to consider diagnosing tuberculosis and starting treatment, even in severe cases. Methods. A retrospective, multicenter cohort study was conducted from 2018 to 2022. Patients strongly suspected of EPTB with a trace result on an EP specimen were included. Hospital records were reviewed for clinical, treatment, and paraclinical data. Results. A total of 52 patients were included, with a severe form in 22/52 (42.3%) cases. Culture was positive for MTBC in 33/46 (71.7%) cases. Histological analysis showed granulomas in 36/45 (80.0%) cases. An Ultra trace result with a presumptive diagnosis of TB led to the decision to treat 41/52 (78.8%) patients. All patients were started on first-line anti-TB therapy (median duration of 6.1 months), with a favorable outcome in 31/35 (88.6%) patients. The presence of a small amount of MTBC genome in EPTB is a sufficient argument to treat patients across a large region of France.
Psychiatric Symptoms and Cognitive Disorders in Behçet’s Disease: A Single-Center, Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Urbain Fanny , Hardy-Léger Isabelle , Adebs-Nasser Ghaidaa , de Menthon Mathilde , Pivert Cécile , Mausoléo Aude , Laparra Ariane , Lerolle Nathalie , Domnariu Paul-Albert , Lambotte Olivier , Denier Christian , Goujard Cécile , Castro-Gordon Alicia , Noel Nicolas
Published: April 2023

Background: Behçet’s disease (BD) is a rare form of vasculitis involving both veins and arteries of all calibers. Psychological symptoms and cognitive impairment appear to be frequent, but few data are available. Methods: All consecutive patients in our center fulfilling the 2013 BD criteria underwent a psychometric evaluation with auto- (SCL-90-R and Modified Fatigue Index) and hetero-questionnaires (MINI). A standardized test battery assessed cognitive dysfunction. Data were correlated with BD activity as well as quality of life (SF-36). Results: We included 20 consecutive patients (16 men, four women) with a median [IQR] age of 38 (30.0–45.5) and a median disease duration of 7 years (1.8–11.0). Five patients had an abnormal brain MRI. The SCL-90-R questionnaire highlighted eight psychopathological profiles (42.1%) that correlated with altered quality of life and more severe fatigue. The most frequent symptoms were anxiety (9/19, 47.4%), somatization (8/19, 42.1%) and phobia (5/19, 26.3%). Psychopathological symptoms appeared to be more severe, but not more frequent, in neuro-Behçet’s patients. Based on standardized cognitive evaluation, nine patients had cognitive impairment defined by three or more altered tests. Notably, 6/9 patients did not have any complaint of memory loss and were thus considered ansognostic. Conclusion: Cognitive involvement was significantly associated with BD activity score (BSAS) but not with brain MRI abnormalities.
Effects of the Simultaneous Strengthening of the Glass Fiber Surface and Polyamide-6 Matrix by Plasma Treatment and Nanoclay Addition on the Mechanical Properties of Multiscale Hybrid Composites
Authors: Kim Byeong-Joo , Oh Chang-Bin , Lee Ji Eun , Lee Man Young
Published: April 2023

To strengthen the mechanical properties of a fiber-reinforced plastic without deteriorating its toughness caused by adding nanomaterial, multiscale hybrid composites (MHC) composed of polyamide 6 (PA6), woven glass fibers (WGFs), nanoclay, and various additives were fabricated and characterized. A surfactant was used to improve the dispersion of the nanoclay in the composite, and a compatibilizer and toughening agent were added to enhance the interfacial interactions between the nanoclay and PA6 and the toughness of the MHC, respectively. In addition, the WGFs were pretreated with atmospheric-pressure air plasma to enhance the interfacial bonding between the WGF and the mixture composed of PA6/nanoclay/compatibilizer/toughening agent, which constitutes the matrix. The optimal composition of the PA6 mixture, optimal content of the nanoclay, and optimal conditions of the plasma pretreatment of the WGF surface were experimentally determined. A suitable manufacturing process was employed using a material composition that maximizes the mechanical properties of the MHC by mitigating the toughness deterioration owing to nanoclay addition. An appropriate quantity of the nanoclay increased the tensile properties as well as the elongation at the break of the MHC because the toughening agent prevented the reduction in the degree of elongation caused by increasing the clay content to a certain extent. Moreover, the plasma treatment of the WGF enhanced the flexural properties and impact resistance of the MHC. Therefore, not only the tensile strength, modulus, and elongation at the break of the PA6 nanocomposite, which constitutes the matrix of the MHC, increased up to 39.83, 40.91, and 194.26%, respectively, but also the flexural strength and modulus, absorbed impact energy, and penetration limit of the MHC increased by 20.2, 26.8, 83.7, and 100.0%, respectively.