bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recovery trajectories after a serious injury or illness: a longitudinal evaluation of health-related quality of life in an Australian cohort
Authors: Afoakwah Clifford , Kuwornu Paul , Koomson Isaac , Brain David , Xia Qing , McPhail Steven , Vallmuur Kirsten
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Serious injuries or illnesses impose a significant burden on the affected individuals. This study examined the long-term recovery of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after a serious injury or illness and quantified the economic costs attributable to the quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) lost to serious injury or illness.

Methods

Data were sourced from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) database. The propensity score matching-difference-in-differences (PSM-DiD) method was used to explore the recovery of HRQoL over a six-year follow-up period. HRQoL was measured by the short-form six-dimension utility index, physical health, and mental health.

Results

We found that those who suffered any serious injuries or illnesses had a decline of 0.020 in QALYs during the year of event, reducing further until a trough of 0.032 by the third year and thereafter began to recover. Further analyses revealed that although serious injuries or illnesses had a significantly greater loss in physical health, the loss in mental health persisted over a longer period. Finally, the economic cost associated with the lost in QALYs due to serious injuries or illnesses was estimated at $685 per person during the year of event and increased to a peak of $1,250 per person by the end of the third-year post-exposure.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight that follow-up care designed to mitigate the impacts of a serious injury or illness on people’s HRQoL should consider cost-effective strategies that are long-lasting and support those affected throughout at least, the first three years of their injuries or illnesses.
Keetia magassoubiana sp. nov. (Rubiaceae - Vanguerieae), a threatened evergreen forest climber and an updated key to Keetia in West Africa
Authors: Cheek Martin , Yasuda Shigeo , Jongkind Carel C. H. , Bowden-Pickstock Joel
Published: February 2025

Keetia magassoubiana Cheek, an evergreen rainforest climber, is described and illustrated from the Republic of Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia and Ivory Coast. Previously indicated as being close to, but different from, K. tenuiflora (Hiern) Bridson, it differs in the glossy, black, glabrous, epidermis of the distal stem internodes; the first internode rarely with very sparse, red adpressed hairs (vs epidermis pale white-brown, with dense, pale yellow, spreading hairs); abaxial leaf surfaces with domed domatia with a central aperture (vs domatia absent or obscure); secondary stem leaf bases acute (vs obtuse to truncate); bracts forming a laciniate sheath on the distal peduncle (vs two opposite triangular bracts) and the pyrene surface honeycombed with pits (vs entire). The species was earlier included within Canthium multiflorum (Schum. & Thonn.) Hiern, now K. multiflora (Schum. & Thonn.) Bridson, in the Flora of West Tropical Africa, second edition. An updated key is presented to the 16 species of the genus from West Africa. Keetia magassoubiana is provisionally assessed using the IUCN standard as Endangered [EN B1ab(iii)] due to only five of the recorded 14 locations having extant forest habitat, and because of ongoing threats of habitat clearance, mainly for agriculture but also for mining.
Remarks of Optical Fibers and Devices for Microfluidic Sensing: Preparation and Processing
Authors: Zhang Xiaotong , Yuan Tingting
Published: February 2025

With the gradual maturity of the microfluidic technology, the integration of the microfluidic chip technology and optofluidic methods in microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) has gradually formed a highly attractive new research direction. In this paper, we summarize our recent work focusing on the microfluidic sensing technology based on microhole fibers. The design and fabrication of such microfluidic fibers, device processing and fabrication techniques based on microfluidic fibers, and surface modification and coating methods for fibers are systematically introduced. Finally, several typical cases combining the optical fiber and microfluidic substance detection are presented.
New sufficient conditions for p-valent functions
Authors: Güney Hatun Özlem , Sümer Sevtap , Owa Shigeyoshi
Published: February 2025

Let

$$\mathcal {A}_{p}$$

A
p

be the class of functions f(z) of the form

$$ f(z)=z^{p}+a_{p+1}z^{p+1}+a_{p+2}z^{p+2}+\cdots , (p\in \mathbb {N}=\{1,2,3,\ldots \}) $$

f

(
z
)

=

z
p

+

a

p
+
1

z

p
+
1

+

a

p
+
2

z

p
+
2

+
⋯
,

(
p
∈
N
=

{
1
,
2
,
3
,
…
}

)

that are analytic in the open unit disc

$$\mathbb {U}=\big \{ z\in \mathbb {C}: |z| <1\big \}$$

U
=

{

z
∈
C
:
|
z
|
<
1

}

. For

$$f(z)\in \mathcal {A}_{p}$$

f

(
z
)

∈

A
p

, Nunokawa considered some conditions such that f(z) is

$$p-$$

p
-

valent in

$$\mathbb {U}$$

U

. Applying the results by Nunokawa, we discuss some interesting properties for functions

$$f(z)\in \mathcal {A}_{p}$$

f

(
z
)

∈

A
p

. Also, we give some examples for our results.
What predicts environmental stewardship (climate intentions) and beliefs about climate change in Ghana: religion (faith) or science?
Authors: Agyei De-Graft Nana , Dzokoto Vivian Afi , Ameko Stephen Kwame , Anum Adote
Published: February 2025

We investigated the predictive role of religious and scientific beliefs on climate attitudes among 286 participants from two communities in southern Ghana. Using structural equation modeling, we examined whether specific religious variables (intrinsic religious orientation, extrinsic religious orientation, and religious conviction) and science variables (interest in gaining science and technology knowledge and belief in science’s benefit to humankind) predicted climate beliefs and intentions (measured as environmental stewardship). Our results indicated that intrinsic religious orientation and religious conviction significantly predicted climate beliefs but not climate intentions. Extrinsic religious orientation did not predict climate beliefs but had an inverse effect on climate intentions. Additionally, interest in science and technology knowledge, as well as the belief that science is beneficial to humankind, was positively related to climate beliefs but not climate intentions. These findings contribute to our understanding of the influence of religious and scientific beliefs on climate attitudes, highlighting the need for nuanced approaches to addressing climate change in Ghana.
Dissipative MHD bio-convective flow of radiative Jeffery nanofluid through a vertical permeable cone
Authors: Mkhatshwa M. P.
Published: February 2025

Thermal limitations of Jeffrey fluids restrict their broader industrial applications. To address this drawback, nanofluids with superior thermal properties have been introduced, though instability due to nanoparticles remains a challenge. The incorporation of motile microorganisms mitigates this issue by enhancing thermal conductivity and mass transport, stabilizing the suspension. This study investigates the magnetized bio-convective flow of a radiative Jeffrey nanofluid with motile microorganisms over a vertical permeable cone embedded in porous media, considering viscous dissipation under uniform heat and nanoparticle flux conditions. By introducing appropriate dimensionless variables, the model equations have been transitioned into non-dimensional partial differential equations and then solved using the overlapping grid-based multi-domain spectral collocation method. The numerical results for flow profiles and engineering-relevant quantities are analyzed for various flow parameters. Key findings reveal that the Deborah number, magnetic field strength, suction intensity, and porous media accelerate fluid flow, while radiative heat flux improves thermal distribution and the rate of heat conveyance. Also, intense random motion of nanoparticles and active movement of motile microbes contribute to increasing the nanoparticle mass transfer rate and density number of motile microbes.
BMI1s interact with condensin complexes to regulate chromatin 3D structure and gene expression in Arabidopsis
Authors: Luo Lingxiao , Yang Minqi , Zhou Yue
Published: February 2025

The accurate chromatin states are essential for maintaining genome integrity and ensuring the normal transcription of genes. Polycomb group (PcG) proteins regulate chromatin states not only by modifying the chromatin, but also by influencing the chromatin three-dimensional (3D) structure. The core components of Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), B LYMPHOMA MOLONEY MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS INSERTION REGION 1 HOMOLOG 1A/B/C (BMI1s), have been reported to maintain the compartment domains (CDs) generally, but the mechanism by which they function remains elusive. Here, we reveal that condensin complexes, whose function are related to chromatin or chromosome, can interact with BMI1s. Removal of condensin I or II also leads to global impairment of CDs. The significantly impaired CDs in bmi1a/b/c and condensin mutants are basically the same and the CDs co-regulated by BMI1s and condensin complexes have higher strength in the wild-type (WT, Col-0) plant, indicating that BMI1s and condensin complexes cooperate to maintain CDs. This regulatory function is parallel to the function of histone modifications deposited by PcG in maintaining CDs, since removal of either condensin I or II does not obviously disrupt the genome-wide level of H3K27me3 and H2AK121ub. Moreover, we discovered that BMI1s and condensin complexes jointly influence the expression of a portion of genes to enable normal plant growth and may maintain the genome integrity under stress conditions. Thus, our work proides a perspective for the gene expression and epigenetic regulatory mechanism of PRC1, in Arabidopsis, in addition to histone modifications.
Do not treat ghosts: anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) therapy in osteomyelitis without identified MRSA
Authors: Varughese Jincy , Halfman Annie , Crotty Matthew , Alexander Julie , Hunter Leigh , Hupert Mark , Dominguez Edward
Published: February 2025

Objective:

To compare the clinical outcomes of patients with lower limb osteomyelitis (LLOM) and negative methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) cultures treated with anti-MRSA therapy (AMT) versus those treated with no-anti-MRSA therapy (NAMT).

Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Patients:

Hospitalized adult (≥18 yr of age) patients admitted to multiple tertiary referral centers in a single healthcare system between April 1, 2017 and April 1, 2023, with LLOM and planned intravenous antibiotics for at least four weeks.

Methods:

Electronic medical records were queried for demographic information, admission dates, treatment strategies, imaging and culture results, and discharge diagnoses. Descriptive statistics measured baseline characteristics, imaging, and culture results.

Results:

Out of 473 patients, 64 met the inclusion criteria and 409 were excluded. Of the 64 patients, 26 (40%) had AMT and 38 (59%) had NAMT. A larger but statistically insignificant portion of patients in the NAMT cohort failed therapy (23% AMT vs 32% NAMT, P = 0.325). However, hospital readmission for LLOM within 180 days of antibiotic completion (46.2% vs 47%, P = 0.92), hospital length of stay (median (IQR): 6 (5–9) d vs 7 (5–12.5) d, P = 0.285), incidence of new renal replacement therapy initiation (0% vs 2.6%, P = 0.594), creatinine kinase levels (0 vs 2.6%, P = 0.594), and drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia (0% vs 5.3% P = 0.349) were comparable between the two cohorts.

Conclusions:

Treatment failure rates and adverse events did not differ significantly among patients with LLOM treated with AMT or NAMT. Further investigation of determinants of clinical failures in LLOM may help optimize overall treatment.
The role of carbonate equilibrium in scale formation of calcium carbonate in a power plant open recirculating system
Authors: Kuznietsov Pavlo , Biedunkova Olha
Published: February 2025

The principal function of an open recirculating system (ORS) is to remove heat from power plant equipment. In particular, the presence of scale on the internal surfaces of ORS heat exchange equipment can reduce heat transfer efficiency, which leads to increased energy consumption and operating costs. The purpose of this article is to investigate the process of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation formation in terms of the components of the carbonate system and parameters affecting the shift of carbonate equilibrium in an ORS. An appraisal model was used to represent the processes occurring during the operation of an ORS. In this study, it is demonstrated that water heating in ORS condensers leads to the excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the water, while cooling in the cooling towers results in CO2 uptake by the water. These processes significantly influence the state of carbonate equilibrium within the ORS. The study used the results of chemical control of the make-up and cooling water at the ORS Rivne Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP) for 2022. Furthermore, the dependencies of changes in the components of the carbonate system on the pH levels of the make-up (pH 7.51–9.52) and cooling (pH 8.21–9.53) water were revealed, and changes in the cycles of concentration (CоC), total hardness (TH), total dissolved solids (TSD), and total alkalinity (TA) were estimated. Taking into account the obtained correlation dependencies, in general, it was found that the lower the CoC levels, the lower the TA reduction value, and it is possible to increase or decrease the cooling water pH levels, which is determined by the initial state of carbonate equilibrium of make-up water. These findings enable the prediction and control of CaCO3 scale formation through continuous monitoring of water chemistry, making the process more efficient, reliable, and sustainable. The results emphasize the importance of data-driven modeling for optimizing water treatment and reducing operational costs in power plants by reducing CaCO3 scale formation.
Having a monk in the family and all-cause mortality: a seven-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhou Liqiong , Chen Yuan , Ge Erhao , Zhang Aijie , Zhang Yasi , Du Juan , Mace Ruth , Zhan Yiqiang
Published: February 2025

Religious celibate monks at the household level possibly reduce all-cause mortality risk among non-monk older Tibetans. This study aims to investigate the association between having a celibate monk in a family and the all-cause mortality of non-monk household members in a Tibetan population. Baseline interviews were conducted for 713 agropastoral Amdo Tibetans aged ≥50 years residing in the eastern Tibetan Plateau from 2016 to 2017. The Cox mixed-effects regression model was used to estimate the association between having a celibate monk in a household and the mortality risk of other non-monk household members. Potential confounders included age, sex, household size, educational attainment, household wealth (measured as the number of yaks), marital status, and annual expenditure. During a median follow-up of 7 years, 54 deaths were identified. The results showed that people living in households with celibate monks had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 0.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.14, 0.67) as compared with those living in households without celibate monks. The results remained robust after controlling for confounders, suggesting that religious celibate monks at the household level were associated with lower all-cause mortality among non-monk older household members.
Explosion and Reasoning
Authors: Sgaravatti Daniele
Published: February 2025

The paper responds to two recent versions of the argument against ex contradictione quodlibet (the principle that says that a contradiction entails any proposition, also known as ‘explosion’) based on the normative role of logic for reasoning. Both versions of the argument I am concerned with assume that a subject has defeasible reasons to believe any logical consequence of her beliefs. After showing this assumption to be more controversial than it might seem, I argue that even if it is true, and assuming ex contradictione quodlibet, no absurdity follows about what reasons the subject with inconsistent beliefs has. There is an independent explanation of the fact that a subject with inconsistent beliefs is not in a position to rationally infer anything. The reasons that derive from the inconsistency, if there are any, are a of peculiar kind, which I call inert reasons.
Murder at the Asylum
Authors: Khovanova Tanya
Published: February 2025

I was a member of the team Death and Mayhem, which won the 2017 MIT Mystery Hunt. My team's reward was to write the 2018 MIT Mystery Hunt. By the way, some people consider it a punishment rather than a reward. As one colleague said to me on our win, ‘Congratudolences!’
Euclidean constructions with a right-angle tool
Authors: Ferlini Vincent
Published: February 2025

In [1], the following problem appears on page 205.

12. A right-angle tool can be used to draw a line through two points and erect a perpendicular to a given line at a given point. Use this tool to drop a perpendicular from a given point to a given line.
Children as Public Goods: At What Cost?
Authors: Shields Liam
Published: February 2025

All children have rights to care, education, food, shelter, and more besides. The creation of children is, therefore, the creation of costly entitlements. But who, other than the parents, can be expected to share these costs? And how much can they be expected to contribute? To date, political theorists have only attended to the first question. But without a well-reasoned answer to the second question, we won’t know whether sharing should be generous or very little, equal or unequal. In this paper, I provide the first examination of the extent of cost sharing required if children are public goods. I argue that viewing children as public goods places important limits on the total costs to be fairly shared by non-parents. This casts doubt on the view, assumed by many political theorists, that the costs of all children’s entitlements must be equally shared between parents and non-parents.
INTERFERENCE TORTS IN THE DIGITAL ASSET WORLD
Authors: Liu Hin
Published: February 2025

Cases across the common law world have recognised digital assets as property, but the question of how such assets should be protected against interferences remains contested. At present, the “chattel torts” (conversion, trespass and reversionary injury) do not cover digital assets, leaving a gap in protection in respect of digital assets. There have been suggestions that the tort of conversion should be extended to cover digital assets, but this article argues that this extension would be undesirable for two reasons. First, there are fundamental differences between physical and digital assets, meaning that the concepts and thresholds used in the chattel tort context generate uncertain results (and create substantial risks of incorrect results) in the digital asset context. Second, the rules governing the chattel torts are unsatisfactory and contain many negative characteristics, and so extending the chattel torts to digital assets would replicate the same negative characteristics in the digital asset context.
Politicization within Government Agencies in the Canadian Federal Government
Authors: Doberstein Carey
Published: February 2025

The proliferation of agencies and arm's-length bodies provides opportunities for elected governments to reassert political control in a fragmented public service through staffing and board appointments. We have little basis to make systematic claims about the politicization of agencies in Canada. This study addresses this gap by drawing on the Government of Canada's Staffing and Non-Partisanship Survey (SNPS) micro data from 2018 and 2021, which surveys employees in departments and agencies with questions related to political impartiality in carrying out government duties. We ask: Do employees in agencies in the Government of Canada report a climate of less political impartiality than those working in conventional departments? The data reveals that those working in agencies are less likely to report their organizations acting impartially politically in carrying out their duties than those in conventional departments, though this is driven largely by particular types of agencies, namely those focused on enforcement.
Hardy spaces and Riesz transforms on a Lie group of exponential growth
Authors: Sjögren Peter , Vallarino Maria
Published: February 2025

Let G be the Lie group

${\mathbb{R}}^2\rtimes {\mathbb{R}}^+$

endowed with the Riemannian symmetric space structure. Take a distinguished basis

$X_0,\, X_1,\,X_2$

of left-invariant vector fields of the Lie algebra of G, and consider the Laplacian

$\Delta=-\sum_{i=0}^2X_i^2$

and the first-order Riesz transforms

$\mathcal R_i=X_i\Delta^{-1/2}$

,

$i=0,1,2$

. We first show that the atomic Hardy space H1 in G introduced by the authors in a previous paper does not admit a characterization in terms of the Riesz transforms

$\mathcal R_i$

. It is also proved that two of these Riesz transforms are bounded from H1 to H1.
Digital CBT for insomnia and emotion regulation in the workplace: a randomised waitlist-controlled trial
Authors: Moukhtarian Talar R. , Fletcher Sophie , Walasek Lukasz , Patel Krishane , Toro Carla , Hurley-Wallace Anna L. , Kershaw Charlotte , Russel Sean , Daly Guy , Tang Nicole K. Y. , Meyer Caroline
Published: February 2025

Background

Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the recommended first-line treatment for insomnia. However, scaling this proven effective intervention to areas of high need remains a challenge, necessitating sensitive adaptation and evaluation.

Methods

A randomised waitlist-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of a hybrid digital CBT-I and emotion regulation (dCBT-I + ER) intervention delivered through workplaces. Participants with at least mild insomnia and depression or anxiety symptoms were randomised to the intervention or waitlist control groups. The intervention was delivered via a web-based platform and four video-conferencing therapy sessions. Participants tracked their sleep using actigraphy and a sleep diary that was used to pace the intervention delivered. Assessments occurred at baseline and 8 weeks post-randomisation, measuring insomnia, depression, anxiety, psychological well-being, quality of life, and work productivity.

Results

Of the 159 participants (mean age 43.6 ± 9.4 years, 76.7% female, 80.5% white), 80 received the intervention and 79 were in the control group. The intervention group showed significant improvements in insomnia (F1, 134 = 71.46, p < .0001); depression (F1, 134 = 35.67, p < .0001); and anxiety (F1, 134 = 17.63, p < .0001), with large effect sizes (d = 0.7–1.5). Sleep diary data supported these findings, whereas actigraphy data did not. Improvements in psychological well-being were significant (F1, 132.13 = 10.64, p < 0.001), whereas quality of life, work productivity, and satisfaction outcomes were not.

Conclusions

This study suggests that a hybrid dCBT-I + ER intervention, delivered via workplaces, effectively improves insomnia, depression, and anxiety. It holds promise as a scalable solution, warranting further investigation into its long-term efficacy and economic impact.
Sources and U. S. Citizenship in the Antebellum United States: A View from Abroad
Authors: Heerman M. Scott
Published: February 2025

This article republishes a series of documents concerning citizenship rights for African Americans who were abroad. Twice during the 1850s the U.S. Secretary of State (William L. Marcy) issued instructions to consuls where he spelled out the relationship between race and citizenship for individuals who were beyond the borders of the United States. Because citizenship was not clearly defined the antebellum period, either in law or practice, the Secretary's guidance offers an important set of documents that scholars from a variety of fields can incorporate into their scholarship and teaching.
Wealth inequality, entrepreneurship, and aggregate output: a tale of two centuries in the UK
Authors: Yang Xiaoliang , Zhou Peng , Dong Xue
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the long-run nexus between wealth inequality and aggregate output using a DSGE model in which wealth inequality endogenously affects individual entrepreneurship incentives, thereby influencing aggregate output. Our model passes the indirect inference test against the UK data from 1870 to 2015. We find that shocks to aggregate TFP, entrepreneurial barriers, government grant support and general government spending played significant roles in shaping historical inequality dynamics in the UK. Directly removing entrepreneurial barriers or indirectly providing government grant support to the private sector such as through inclusive loan subsidies are effective means of reducing inequality and stimulating output growth.
Behavioral and multiomics analysis of 3D clinostat simulated microgravity effect in mice focusing on the central nervous system
Authors: Zhou Li , Song Chenchen , Yang Hu , Zhao Lianlian , Li Xianglei , Sun Xiuping , Gao Kai , Guo Jianguo
Published: February 2025

A study was conducted to evaluate the three-dimensional clinostat simulated microgravity effect on mouse models, focusing on the central nervous system. Eighteen mice were divided into three groups: control, survival box, and clinostat + survival box. Behavioral tests, femur micro-CT, brain transcriptomics, serum metabolomics, and fecal microbiomics were performed. Results showed decreased activity, altered gait, enhanced fear memory, bone loss, immune/endocrine changes in brain transcriptome, and altered metabolic pathways in serum and gut microbiota in clinostat-treated mice. The model closely mimics spaceflight-induced transcriptome changes, suggesting its value in studying microgravity-related neurological alterations and highlighting the need for attention to emotional changes in space.
Dynamic mortality prediction in critically Ill children during interhospital transports to PICUs using explainable AI
Authors: Huo Zhiqiang , Booth John , Monks Thomas , Knight Philip , Watson Liam , Peters Mark , Pagel Christina , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan , Li Kezhi
Published: February 2025

Critically ill children who require inter-hospital transfers to paediatric intensive care units are sicker than other admissions and have higher mortality rates. Current transport practice primarily relies on early clinical assessments within the initial hours of transport. Real-time mortality risk during transport is lacking due to the absence of data-driven assessment tools. Addressing this gap, our research introduces the PROMPT (Patient-centred Real-time Outcome monitoring and Mortality PredicTion), an explainable end-to-end machine learning pipeline to forecast 30-day mortality risks. The PROMPT integrates continuous time-series vital signs and medical records with episode-specific transport data to provide real-time mortality prediction. The results demonstrated that with PROMPT, both the random forest and logistic regression models achieved the best performance with AUROC 0.83 (95% CI: 0.79–0.86) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76–0.85), respectively. The proposed model has demonstrated proof-of-principle in predicting mortality risk in transported children and providing individual-level model interpretability during inter-hospital transports.
Comparison of cable bacteria genera reveals details of their conduction machinery
Authors: Digel Leonid , Justesen Mads L , Madsen Nikoline S , Fransaert Nico , Wouters Koen , Bonné Robin , Plum-Jensen Lea E , Marshall Ian P G , Jensen Pia B , Nicolas-Asselineau Louison , Drace Taner , Bøggild Andreas , Hansen John L , Schramm Andreas , Bøjesen Espen D , Nielsen Lars Peter , Manca Jean V , Boesen Thomas
Published: February 2025

Cable bacteria are centimeter-long multicellular bacteria conducting electricity through periplasmic conductive fibers (PCFs). Using single-strain enrichments of the genera Electrothrix and Electronema we systematically investigate variations and similarities in morphology and electrical properties across both genera. Electrical conductivity of different PCFs spans three orders of magnitude warranting further investigations of the plasticity of their conduction machinery. Using electron microscopy and elemental analyses, we show that the two cable bacteria genera have similar cell envelopes and cell–cell junction ultrastructures. Iron, sulfur, and nickel signals are co-localized with the PCFs, indicating key functional roles of these elements. The PCFs are organized as stranded rope-like structures composed of multiple strands. Furthermore, we report lamellae-like structures formed at the cell–cell junctions with a core layer connecting to the PCFs, and intriguing vesicle-like inner membrane invaginations below the PCFs. Finally, using bioinformatic tools, we identify a cytochrome family with predicted structural homology to known multi-heme nanowire proteins from other electroactive microorganisms and suggest that these cytochromes can play a role in the extra- or intercellular electron conduction of cable bacteria.
Photochemical aerobic sulfonylation–cyclization–selenylation to indole-fused medium-sized N-heterocycles in 2-Me-THF
Authors: Shi Tongtong , Tian Miao , Sun Zongfei , Zou Ruixiao , Zhang Zexuan , Xie Na , Hao Erjun , Xu Xinming , Sun Kai
Published: February 2025

We report a novel visible-light-induced sulfonylation cyclization and aerobic selenylation reaction for the rapid construction of highly functionalized indole-fused medium-sized diazepinones with biomass feedstock 2-Me-THF as the medium.
Investigating the suitability of sunflower press-cake proteins in formulated sports beverages
Authors: Francesca Girotto , Costanza Ceccanti , Federica Narra , Laura Piazza
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the upcycling of proteins from industrial dehulled sunflower press-cake into protein-rich sports beverages, comparing their chemical, nutritional, and sensory profiles with whey and pea proteins.
Pd-Based Chalcogenides for Energy Conversion Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhou Yingmei , Li Mi , Wan Yigui , Tan Wenyi , Li Zhao , Tian Lin
Published: February 2025

The research and development of high-performing electrocatalysts are crucial for advancing highly efficient energy conversion technologies. Pd-based chalcogenides, an innovative type of materials, have been extensively studied as electrocatalysts due...
Selenium nanoparticles: influence of reduction agents on particle stability and antibacterial activity at biogenic concentrations
Authors: Bužková Aneta , Hochvaldová Lucie , Večeřová Renata , Malina Tomáš , Petr Martin , Kašlík Josef , Kvitek Libor , Kolar Milan , Panacek Ales , Prucek Robert
Published: February 2025

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have recently attracted attention for their antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Nevertheless, their use remains limited thanks to the issues of stability. The objective of this study is...
A click-reaction for precise combination drug delivery: a general pH-responsive degradable backboned polyprodrug strategy
Authors: Wang Jiali , Luo Yunpeng , Duan Weixun , Wang Daquan , Meng Lingjie
Published: February 2025

A pervasive polyprodrug strategy based on an acylalkynyl–hydroxyl click reaction for a precise combination drug delivery system.
A bifunctional heterostructure promoting the kinetics and stability of sulfur cathodes in advanced aluminum–sulfur batteries
Authors: Zheng Xiao , Han Xiaoqi , Yao Wenjiao , Wei Liangming , Zhu Jie , Tang Yongbing
Published: February 2025

A heterogeneous structure formed in situ from Ti3C2Tx-Co and sulfur significantly improves the reaction kinetics and long-term cycling stability of aluminum–sulfur batteries.
Preface
Authors: Astanakulov K.D. , Stanimirovic P. , Shavazov K.A. , Karshiev F.U. , Borotov A.N. , Ulashov J.Z.
Published: February 2025

The III International Conference on Advances in Applied Physics and Mathematics for Energy, Environment and Earth Science (AAPM-III 2025) was held on January 20-21, 2025, in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. This conference brought together researchers, scientists, and engineers from around the world to share their latest findings in applied physics and mathematics, with a focus on energy, environmental, and earth science applications. With approximately 250 submissions received, a rigorous peer review process and originality checks resulted in the selection of 70 high-quality papers for presentation and publication in EPJ Web of Conferences.
On the equation for the vertical velocity of atmospheric air
Authors: Kantsyrev Boris
Published: February 2025

The conditions for the inertialess approximation of the equation for the vertical velocity of humid atmospheric air are considered, under which the inertia of the vertical and horizontal motion can be considered small. The resulting equation can be used in calculations of atmospheric processes.
Separation efficiency of device with different number of arc-shaped settler rows
Authors: Zinurov Vadim , Kharkov Vitaly , Abdullina Azalia , Nikandrova Marina , Dubkova Nailya
Published: February 2025

An original design of a separating device with arc-shaped settlers (SDAS) has been developed to purify air from solid particles. In this study, the separation efficiency of the device was studied numerically. The influence of the number of rows of arc-shaped settlers of the SDAS on its efficiency was evaluated. Geometric models of the separating device with three configurations were used: 5, 7, and 9 rows of arc-shaped settlers. The diameter and height of the arc-shaped settlers and the distance between the rows were the same for all models. The results obtained showed that the most effective configuration of the separating device that allows the maximum efficiency of particle removal from a dusty gas stream was observed with 5 rows of arc-shaped settlers, providing an efficiency of about 66.7% with an input gas stream rate in the range of 0.5 to 3 m/s. It was found that the separation efficiency decreases with an increasing number of rows and stream rate of the gas stream as a result of particle reflection from the device walls.
Remote monitoring of reagent treatment of recycled water supply systems
Authors: Laptev Anatoly , Golubev Andrey , Akhiyarov Rustem , Dzhumabaev Hurshejon , Bulatov Gayrat
Published: February 2025

A system for remote monitoring of the reagent treatment of the cooling water of a petrochemical enterprise has been developed, manufactured and tested. The system includes a controller in which signals from level sensors in reagent storage tanks, pH sensors and electrical conductivity are collected and processed. The received data is sent to the server, which is accessed from any device with Internet access. The approbation of the remote monitoring system at the petrochemical enterprise made it possible to ensure an uninterrupted supply of reagents and reduce the corrosion rate by 5 times.
Approach to automating numerical calculation of the state of heat transfer processes in closed devices
Authors: Gasimov Gasim , Musayev Ali , Damirova Javida
Published: February 2025

In recent decades, changes in temperature and humidity have been used in many fields of technology: chemical technology, metallurgy, oil refining, mechanical engineering, biology and space research. One of the important issues in space exploration is the creation of closed facilities for the study of underwater processes. For large-scale systems, it is necessary to maintain a certain temperature and humidity regime that allows people inside the apparatus to live and work. The work examines heat exchange processes occurring in closed-loop hardware systems. It is assumed that the considered network is filled with refrigerant (liquid, gas, air, etc.) and consists of flow line, structural elements, volumes, valve, regulator and mixer - distributor. In such networks, systems of differential equations (ordinary and special derivatives), as well as an algorithm for automatic construction of mathematical models of heat transfer described by numerical schemes have been developed. A special methodology and algorithm have been developed for solving this type of problems. During the solution, two methods were used and the obtained results were compared. During the solution, obvious and non-obvious schemes were used, and the most stable scheme was chosen among them.
An experimental method for detecting objects in an aqueous environment
Authors: Kuzmin Yuri , Proshkin Stanislav
Published: February 2025

This research introduces a novel experimental approach for identifying conductive and non-conductive objects submerged in shallow water using grounded cables. The methodology is underpinned by a comprehensive mathematical analysis of electromagnetic field diffraction caused by elongated conductive and non-conductive spheroids in an aqueous environment, specifically when interacting with a grounded cable. The experimental configuration employs a parallel arrangement of a generator and two receiving electrode antennas. A key feature of this technique is its ability to distinguish an object's unique flow characteristic from ambient noise. This is achieved through the application of digital hardware and software filtering to a modulated sinusoidal signal. To facilitate this process, the researchers developed a specialized algorithm designed to filter out pulse and fluctuation interference. This innovative approach represents a significant advancement in underwater object detection, offering potential applications in various fields such as marine archaeology, environmental monitoring, and underwater infrastructure inspection.
Application of dynamic mechanical analysis for the study of viscoelastic properties and identification of softwood and hardwood species
Authors: Tyurin Alexander , Korenkov Viktor , Samodurov Alexander , Yunak Maria , Rodaev Vyacheslav
Published: February 2025

Based on experimental studies using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) methods, the storage modulus E', loss modulus E", and mechanical loss coefficient tan δ were determined. A comparative characterization of static and dynamic viscoelastic-plastic properties of softwood (European spruce – Picea abies) and hardwood (English oak - Quercus robur) species was provided, depending on the frequency and amplitude of probing harmonic oscillations, to determine the possibility of their identification. The contribution of various frequencies and amplitudes of harmonic oscillations to the formation of the total viscoelastic-plastic response of softwood and hardwood species was determined, and the effect of additional oscillating load on the dynamic parameters of wood was evaluated. The fundamental possibility of using dynamic viscoelastic property parameters for the identification of softwood and hardwood species was demonstrated.
Investigation of difficulties arising in the preparation of natural and indirect gases for transportation
Authors: Sardarova Ijabika , Gurbanov Abdulaga , Huseynov Nazim
Published: February 2025

The causes of technological difficulties arising during the preparation and transportation of gases have been clarified and methods of their elimination have been determined. The operating mode of the existing gas preparation units was studied and the efficiency of certain equipment was determined. It has been established that the evaluation of the efficiency of the devices used in the gas industry, the deficiencies in the gas preparation devices are related to the correct selection of the constructive indicators of the devices. New innovative methods and technologies have been developed for the complex preparation of gases produced under difficult conditions for transportation. Application of tube-type devices made of such material has been determined to be useful in gas collection systems in cold climate conditions. Due to the nature of gas production and transportation systems in complex conditions, the temperature of the produced well products in the wellbore decreases sufficiently and the gas is subjected to cold processing. The construction of a multifunctional apparatus for simultaneous separation, installation and degasification of gases has been developed and applied on an industrial scale. The proposed device has been proven to be an effective device for preparing gas for transportation under extreme conditions.
Frequency spectra in the ATR mode of ellipsometric parameters of a periodic medium with a resonant defect in which polaritons are excited
Authors: Yatsyshen Valery
Published: February 2025

The work is devoted to the study of ellipsometry parameters of elliptically polarized light reflected from a layered system in the ATR mode. Two cases were considered. In the first case, reflection occurs from an ideal periodic layered system of 10 pairs of layers. In the second case, the 10th layer is replaced with a resonant semiconductor InSb, which acts as a defect in the periodic structure. The dielectric constant of this layer exhibits a strong resonant frequency dependence, resulting in the excitation of polaritons with a mixed electromagnetic and mechanical nature. The study demonstrates that the presence of a resonant defect significantly affects the ellipsometric parameters of light reflected from the layered system. This phenomenon can be utilized to investigate the optical properties of resonant semiconductors in which polaritons are excited. Furthermore, in this layered system with an embedded foreign object, a change in the nature of polarization occurs when circularly polarized light is reflected from it. Under certain conditions, it is shown that left-handed circularly polarized light initially incident on the layered system transforms upon reflection into elliptically polarized light with right-handed polarization. This effect has potential applications in devices designed for light polarization conversion.
Differential equations and their applications for mathematical modeling of systems and processes
Authors: Masaev Sergey , Ilina Irina , Alimasov Sergey , Korolev Alexander
Published: February 2025

This article provides a comprehensive comparison of various mathematical modeling software programs. It discusses the features, capabilities, and limitations of popular programs such as Wolfram, Maple, MatLab and MathCad. The article also evaluates the ease of use, performance, and flexibility of the software in different modeling scenarios. The aim is to help researchers and professionals make informed decisions when selecting a mathematical modeling tool for their specific needs. Additionally, the article offers recommendations for the best software based on different criteria and applications.
Modeling roll contact curves
Authors: Khurramov Shavkat , Khalturaev Farkhod , Kurbanova Feruza , Abdukarimov Abdusalam
Published: February 2025

Roller devices equipped with deformable coatings are crucial for various mechanical operations in material processing. Understanding the contact lines between these rollers and deformable coatings is essential for revealing physical phenomena in roller devices. This study derives analytical expressions for contact curves based on the physical phenomena in the deformation zone. It has been established that the factor that most influences the mathematical model of the contact curve of the rolls is the ratio of the deformation rates of the roll coating to the deformation rate of the processed material during compression.
Physical model of С/C coating for anti-ablation protection
Authors: Alisin Valery V.
Published: February 2025

The article considers the issues of the numerical analysis of the temperature distribution in a powder coating based on zirconium dioxide during the laser melting process. The assumption is substantiated that adding 20% nickel-chrome alloy powder to the coating makes it possible to form a frame structure of the coating, which will increase the strength of the resulting heat-protective coating. Calculation graphs characterizing the temperature and time of propagation of the metal powder melt front along the thickness of the coating are considered. Attention is paid to achieving the melt boundary of the chromium sublayer, which will provide increased adhesive strength of the applied coating. Based on the study, the prospects of the proposed technology for applying a coating to protect against oxidation of carbon composites from the effects of high-speed gas flows, especially for coating large surfaces, are noted.
Laser fluence-dependent LIPSS formed on the surface of niobium alloys
Authors: Vapaev Murodbek E. , Tojinazarov Furkat M. , Sobirov Bekhzod R. , Kamalov Shavkat R. , Davletov Ikram Y. , Boltaev Ganjaboy S.
Published: February 2025

Laser fluence-dependent laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on niobium alloys was analysed. Additionally, we explored the shift from LIPSS to self-organized, periodic microstructures resembling cones. The findings shed light on how surface structures in niobium evolve depending on laser fluence. Significantly influence of laser fluence to the gradual transition of low-spatial frequency LIPSS to highfrequency spatial LIPSS was demonstrated. Highly organized LIPSS on the surface of targets was obtained at the higher accumulated fluence of laser pulses.
Utilizing the LabVIEW software environment for investigating frequency characteristics of electrical circuits
Authors: Kogin Maskim , Nehaenko Dmitrij , Mandzhiev Arslan , Mazloev Alan , Ioffe Nina , Abaydullina Olga
Published: February 2025

This article explores the feasibility of digital bandpass filters within the LabVIEW environment. To facilitate the study of digital filters using virtual instruments, a dedicated digital filter simulation program was developed. This program provides users with various test mode views to aid in examining the Butterworth digital filter and modifying input actions and parameters. These parameters include throughput, order, rank, and slope; amplitude, offset, and frequency; the addition of noise types, such as white noise, over the input signal; selection of digital filter types, specifically bandpass filters; waveforms; graphical representations of input and output signals; and graphical representations of the harmonic spectrum in the filtered signal.
Optimizing Waste Management Systems through Image Recognition and Feature Extraction Techniques Integrating DQN-Based Models
Authors: Liang Siyuan
Published: February 2025

With increasing global attention on environmental protection and carbon neutrality goals, waste management has become a crucial component of achieving sustainability. Traditional waste disposal methods, such as manual sorting, identification, and crushing, often suffer from low efficiency and inconsistency. This study proposes a waste management system that integrates Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of waste treatment through automation. The proposed system addresses waste classification, recognition, and fragmentation, utilizing advanced AI technologies like Graph Neural Networks (GNN), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Visual Transformers (ViT), and Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). To optimize the waste management process, the study used the KTH-TIPS dataset, which contains 800 high-resolution images of various material types. Robust model training was ensured through a series of preprocessing and data augmentation techniques. The experimental results demonstrated that CNN and Transformer architectures, including MobileNet, ResNet, and ViT, achieved high accuracies of 100.00%, 100.00%, and 96.91%, respectively. While the GNN and VGG architectures had slightly lower accuracies of 82.88% and 84.57%, they still demonstrated competitive performance. The experimental results illustrate the variation in training and testing losses across different models over the training cycles, revealing the learning dynamics and efficiency of each model.