bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobile Gambling Among Youth: A Warning Sign for Problem Gambling?
Authors: Zhao Yaxi , Marchica Loredana , Derevensky Jeffrey L. , Ivoska William
Published: September 2018

With the rapid development of technology in the gambling industry, underage mobile gambling has become a growing concern. The present study investigated the prevalence of adolescent mobile gambling and the relationship between frequency of mobile gambling and gambling-related problems. A survey assessing past-year gambling behavior, gambling problems, perceived risk for gambling, and parental and peer disapproval of gambling was completed by 6,818 junior/senior high school students aged 10 to 19. A descriptive analysis demonstrated a 5% prevalence of mobile gambling, and regular mobile gambling (at least monthly) was associated with a higher risk of developing a gambling problem and engagement in other forms of gambling. A hierarchical logistic regression revealed that being female, younger, and perceiving higher parental disapproval of gambling is related to less past-year mobile gambling. Perceived risk of gambling-related harms and peer disapproval were not significant predictors after controlling for other factors. The results suggest that underage mobile gambling may serve as one warning sign of adolescent problem gambling. Given that mobile gambling accessibility is increasing, the results provide valuable information for early intervention and prevention.RésuméAvec le développement rapide de la technologie dans le secteur du jeu, le jeu sur appareil portable chez les personnes mineures devient une préoccupation croissante. La présente étude a examiné la prévalence du jeu sur portable chez les adolescents et la relation entre la fréquence des jeux de hasard sur portable et les problèmes liés au jeu. Un sondage évaluant le comportement de jeu au cours de l’année précédente, les problèmes de jeu, le risque perçu de jeu et la désapprobation des parents et des pairs a été effectué auprès de 6 818 élèves du secondaire, âgés de 10 à 19 ans. Une analyse descriptive a démontré une prévalence de 5 % du jeu sur portable, et le jeu régulier sur portable (au moins une fois par mois) était associé à un risque plus élevé de développer un problème de jeu et de s’engager dans d’autres formes de jeu. Une régression logistique hiérarchique a révélé que le fait d’être une femme, d’être plus jeune et de percevoir une grande désapprobation parentale à l’égard des jeux de hasard a donné lieu à moins de jeu sur portable au cours de l’année écoulée. Le risque perçu de méfaits liés au jeu et la désapprobation par les pairs n’étaient pas des prédicteurs significatifs, après neutralisation d’autres facteurs. Les résultats montrent que le jeu sur appareil portable chez les mineurs peut constituer un signe d’avertissement du jeu problématique chez les adolescents. Étant donné que l’accessibilité au jeu sur portable augmente, les résultats fournissent des données précieuses pour l’intervention précoce et la prévention.
Modelos de treinamento em anestesia
Authors: Silva Lêda Lima da , Pantoja Geovanna Mourão , Cunha Alyne Condurú dos Santos , Tembra Alan Luz , Pantoja Mauro de Souza , Barros Charles Alberto Villacorta de
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: avaliar o custo-efetividade dos simuladores utilizados no treinamento de anestesiologia. Método: revisão sistemática de artigos científicos indexados na base de dados MedLine, SciELo, Lilacs, ScienceDirect por meio dos descritores: “anesthesia training”, “simulation”, “anesthesia”, “medical education”, “training model” com o operador booleano “AND” e foram incluídos artigos publicados de 2000-2018 escritos em português, espanhol e inglês. Resultado: Foram observados 201 artigos dos quais 27 atendiam os critérios de inclusão. Conclusão: Devido à amplitude de simuladores, bem como de seus níveis de fidelidade e de custos, não foi possível relatar qual teria o melhor custo-efetividade. Foram verificados benefícios técnicos e éticos, contudo, ainda são necessários estudos com metodologias mais rigorosas e validadas para assegurar a efetividade dos simuladores de anestesia.
Práticas de cuidado de parteiras e mulheres quilombolas à luz da antropologia interpretativa
Authors: Bonfim Joenilton Oliveira , Prado Ivanete Fernandes do , Boa Sorte Elionara Teixeira , Couto Pablo Luiz Santos , França Nanci Maria da , Gomes Antônio Marcos Tosoli
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: Analisar o conhecimento popular quilombola acerca das práticas de cuidado desenvolvidas no pré-natal, no parto e no puerpério sob a ótica de parteiras e mulheres quilombolas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo realizado em uma comunidade tradicional de remanescentes quilombolas do Sertão Produtivo do estado da Bahia, localizado no interior do Nordeste Brasileiro, com 12 mulheres, sendo duas parteiras e dez mulheres que vivenciaram o parto assistidas por uma das duas parteiras da comunidade, aplicando-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada em fevereiro de 2014. Os dados foram analisados com o auxílio da Antropologia Interpretativa. A análise explicitou três categorias: práticas de cuidado cultural no pré-natal, práticas de cuidado cultural no parto e práticas de cuidado cultural no pós-parto. Resultados: Na primeira e segunda categorias, evidenciou-se, tanto pelas mulheres que vivenciaram o parto quanto para as parteiras, que são utilizadas manobras manuais para estimular as contrações das gestantes e para ajudar no posicionamento adequado do feto para evitar complicações. Na terceira categoria, as entrevistadas relataram o estímulo aos banhos de acentos com plantas e ervas, além do uso de chás naturais para evitar infecções e hemorragias puerperais, como conduta das parteiras. Conclusão: Conclui-se que as práticas culturais (manobras no parto, chás, orações às divindades naturais, banhos de assento com ervas e folhas) evidenciadas pelas participantes do estudo, transmitidas de geração a geração, são importantes para a saúde das mulheres quilombolas que vivenciam o ciclo gravídico puerperal e devem ser valorizadas pela equipe de profissionais da saúde.
A method to assess the accuracy of sonic anemometer measurements
Authors: Peña Alfredo , Dellwik Ebba , Mann Jakob
Published: September 2018

Abstract. We propose a method to assess the accuracy of atmospheric turbulence measurements performed by sonic anemometers and test it by analysis of measurements from two commonly used sonic anemometers, a Metek USA-1 and a Campbell CSAT3, at two locations in Denmark. The method relies on the estimation of the ratio of the vertical to the along-wind velocity power spectrum within the inertial subrange. When we correct the USA-1 to account for three-dimensional flow-distortion effects, as recommended by Metek GmbH, the ratio is very close to 4/3 as expected from Kolmogorov's hypothesis, whereas non-corrected data show a ratio close to 1. For the CSAT3, non-corrected data show a ratio close to 1.1 for the two sites and for wind directions where the instrument is not directly affected by the mast. After applying a previously suggested flow-distortion correction, the ratio increases up to ≈ 1.2, implying that the effect of flow distortion in this instrument is still not properly accounted for.
Diurnal land surface energy balance partitioning estimated from the thermodynamic limit of a cold heat engine
Authors: Kleidon Axel , Renner Maik
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Turbulent fluxes strongly shape the conditions at the land surface, yet they
are typically formulated in terms of semiempirical parameterizations that
make it difficult to derive theoretical estimates of how global change
impacts land surface functioning. Here, we describe these turbulent fluxes as
the result of a thermodynamic process that generates work to sustain
convective motion and thus maintains the turbulent exchange between the land
surface and the atmosphere. We first derive a limit from the second law of
thermodynamics that is equivalent to the Carnot limit but which explicitly
accounts for diurnal heat storage changes in the lower atmosphere. We
call this the limit of a “cold” heat engine and use it together
with the surface energy balance to infer the maximum power that can be
derived from the turbulent fluxes for a given solar radiative forcing. The
surface energy balance partitioning estimated from this thermodynamic limit
requires no empirical parameters and compares very well with the observed
partitioning of absorbed solar radiation into radiative and turbulent heat
fluxes across a range of climates, with correlation coefficients r2≥95 %
and slopes near 1. These results suggest that turbulent heat fluxes on
land operate near their thermodynamic limit on how much convection can be
generated from the local radiative forcing. It implies that this type of
approach can be used to derive general estimates of global change that are
solely based on physical principles.
Long-term erosion of the Nepal Himalayas by bedrock landsliding: the
role of monsoons, earthquakes and giant landslides
Authors: Marc Odin , Behling Robert , Andermann Christoff , Turowski Jens M. , Illien Luc , Roessner Sigrid , Hovius Niels
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In active mountain belts with steep terrain bedrock landsliding is a major erosional agent. In the Himalayas, landsliding is driven by annual hydro-meteorological forcing due to the summer monsoon and by rarer, exceptional events, such as earthquakes. Independent methods yield erosion rate estimates that appear to increase with sampling time, suggesting that rare, high magnitude erosion events dominate the erosional budget. Nevertheless, until now, neither the contribution of monsoon and earthquakes to landslide erosion, nor the proportion of erosion due to rare, giant landslides have been quantified in the Himalayas. We address these challenges by combining and analyzing earthquake and monsoon induced landslide inventories across different timescales. With time-series of 5 m satellite images over four main valleys in Central Nepal, we comprehensively mapped landslides caused by the monsoon from 2010 to 2018. We found no clear correlation between monsoon properties and landsliding, and a similar mean landsliding rate for all valleys, except in 2015, where the valleys affected by the earthquake featured ~ 5–8 times more landsliding than the pre-earthquake mean rate. The long-term size-frequency distribution of monsoon induced landslides (MIL) was derived from these inventories and from an inventory of landslides larger than ~ 0.1 km2 that occurred between 1972 and 2014. Using a published landslide inventory for the Gorkha 2015 earthquake, we derive the size-frequency distribution for earthquake-induced landslides (EQIL). These two distributions are dominated by infrequent, large and giant landslides, but underpredict an estimated Holocene frequency of giant landslides (> 1 km3) which we derived from a literature compilation. This discrepancy can be resolved when modelling the effect of a full distribution of earthquake of variable magnitude and considering that shallower earthquake may cause larger landslides. In this case, EQIL and MIL contribute about equally to a total long-term erosion of ~ 2 ± 0.75 mm.yr−1 in agreement with most thermochronological data. Independently of the specific total and relative erosion rates, the heavy-tailed size-frequency distribution from MIL and EQIL and the very large maximal landslide size in the Himalayas indicate that mean landslide erosion rates increase with sampling time, as has been observed for independent erosion estimates. Further, we find that the sampling time scale required for adequately capturing the frequency of the largest landslides, which is necessary for deriving long-term mean erosion rates, is often much longer than the averaging time of cosmogenic 10Be methods. This observation presents a strong caveat when interpreting spatial or temporal variability of erosion rates from this method.
Stochastic Ensemble Climate Forecast with an Analogue Mode
Authors: Yiou Pascal , Déandréis Céline
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This paper presents a system to perform large ensembles climate stochastic forecasts. The system is based on random analogue sampling of sea-level pressure data from the NCEP reanalysis. It is tested to forecast an NAO index and the daily average temperature in five European stations. We simulated 100 member ensembles of averages over lead times from 5 days to 80 days in a hindcast mode, i.e. from a meteorological to a seasonal forecast. We tested the hindcast simulations with usual forecast skill scores (CRPSS or correlation), against persistence and climatology. We find significantly positive skill scores for all time scales. Although this model cannot outperform numerical weather prediction, it presents an interesting benchmark that could complement climatology or persistence forecast.
Subseasonal hydrometeorological ensemble predictions in small-and medium-size mountainous catchments: Benefits of the NWP approach
Authors: Monhart Samuel , Zappa Massimiliano , Spirig Christoph , Schär Christoph , Bogner Konrad
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Traditional Ensemble Streamflow Prediction systems (ESP) are known to provide a valuable baseline to predict streamflows at the subseasonal to seasonal timescale. They exploit a combination of initial conditions and past meteorological observations, and can often provide useful forecasts of the expected streamflow in the upcoming month. In recent years, numerical weather prediction (NWP) models for subseasonal to seasonal timescales have made large progress and can provide added value to such a traditional ESP approach. Prior of using such meteorological predictions two major problems need to be solved: the correction of biases, and downscaling to account to increase the spatial resolution. Various methods exist to overcome these problems, but the potential of using NWP information and the relative merit of the different statistical and modeling steps remains open. To address this question, we compare a traditional ESP system with a subseasonal hydrometeorological ensemble prediction system in three alpine catchments with varying hydroclimatic conditions with areas between 80 and 1700 km2. Uncorrected and corrected (pre-processed) temperature and precipitation reforecasts from the ECMWF subseasonal NWP model are used to run the hydrological simulations and the performance of the resulting streamflow predictions is assessed with commonly used verification scores characterizing different aspects of the forecasts (ensemble mean and spread). Our results indicate that the NWP based approach can provide superior prediction than the ESP approach, especially at shorter lead times. In snow-dominated catchments the pre-processing of the meteorological input further improves the performance of the predictions. This is most pronounced in late winter and spring when snow melting occurs. Moreover, our results highlight the importance of snow related processes for subseasonal streamflow predictions in mountainous regions.
Inflation method for ensemble Kalman filter in soil hydrology
Authors: Bauser Hannes H. , Berg Daniel , Klein Ole , Roth Kurt
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a popular data assimilation method in
soil hydrology. In this context, it is used to estimate states and parameters
simultaneously. Due to unrepresented model errors and a limited ensemble
size, state and parameter uncertainties can become too small during
assimilation. Inflation methods are capable of increasing state
uncertainties, but typically struggle with soil hydrologic applications. We
propose a multiplicative inflation method specifically designed for the needs
in soil hydrology. It employs a Kalman filter within the EnKF to estimate
inflation factors based on the difference between measurements and mean
forecast state within the EnKF. We demonstrate its capabilities on a small
soil hydrologic test case. The method is capable of adjusting inflation
factors to spatiotemporally varying model errors. It successfully transfers
the inflation to parameters in the augmented state, which leads to an
improved estimation.
Shear wave reflection seismic yields subsurface dissolution and subrosion patterns: application to the Ghor Al-Haditha sinkhole site, Dead Sea, Jordan
Authors: Polom Ulrich , Alrshdan Hussam , Al-Halbouni Djamil , Holohan Eoghan P. , Dahm Torsten , Sawarieh Ali , Atallah Mohamad Y. , Krawczyk Charlotte M.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Near-surface geophysical imaging of alluvial fan settings is a challenging task but crucial for understating geological processes in such settings. The alluvial fan of Ghor Al-Haditha at the southeast shore of the Dead Sea is strongly affected by localized subsidence and destructive sinkhole collapses, with a significantly increasing sinkhole formation rate since ca. 1983. A similar increase is observed also on the western shore of the Dead Sea, in correlation with an ongoing decline in the Dead Sea level. Since different structural models of the upper 50 m of the alluvial fan and varying hypothetical sinkhole processes have been suggested for the Ghor Al-Haditha area in the past, this study aimed to clarify the subsurface characteristics responsible for sinkhole development.For this purpose, high-frequency shear wave reflection vibratory seismic surveys were carried out in the Ghor Al-Haditha area along several crossing and parallel profiles with a total length of 1.8 and 2.1 km in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The sedimentary architecture of the alluvial fan at Ghor Al-Haditha is resolved down to a depth of nearly 200 m at a high resolution and is calibrated with the stratigraphic profiles of two boreholes located inside the survey area.The most surprising result of the survey is the absence of evidence of a thick (> 2–10 m) compacted salt layer formerly suggested to lie at ca. 35–40 m depth. Instead, seismic reflection amplitudes and velocities image with good continuity a complex interlocking of alluvial fan deposits and lacustrine sediments of the Dead Sea between 0 and 200 m depth. Furthermore, the underground section of areas affected by sinkholes is characterized by highly scattering wave fields and reduced seismic interval velocities. We propose that the Dead Sea mud layers, which comprise distributed inclusions or lenses of evaporitic chloride, sulfate, and carbonate minerals as well as clay silicates, become increasingly exposed to unsaturated water as the sea level declines and are consequently destabilized and mobilized by both dissolution and physical erosion in the subsurface. This new interpretation of the underlying cause of sinkhole development is supported by surface observations in nearby channel systems. Overall, this study shows that shear wave seismic reflection technique is a promising method for enhanced near-surface imaging in such challenging alluvial fan settings.
O letramento literário no ensino médio em Goiás: crítica das orientações e referências curriculares estaduais
Authors: De Oliveira Carvalho Cleiry , Tavares Cássio
Published: September 2018

O objetivo aqui foi cotejar os documentos divulgados pela Secretaria de Estado de Educação, Cultura e Esporte de Goiás que visam apresentar orientações curriculares para o ensino médio com outros documentos relacionados, tais como os PCNs e as OCNs. O resultado desse cotejamento de documentos demonstra a ausência de discussão ou perspectiva para o letramento literário nas orientações estaduais para o ensino médio. Mas, não só: o uso da literatura como pretexto para o ensino de gramática e língua portuguesa é visível nas matrizes de conteúdos.
Questionando o poder simbólico no espaço apropriado: uma visão do filme “Que horas ela volta” sob a perspectiva de Bourdieu
Authors: Regina Silva Nadaleto Natália , Luiza Almeida Cunha de Castro Maria
Published: September 2018

Este artigo objetiva analisar o conjunto de regras invisíveis queestruturam a sociedade brasileira no que tange à relação entrepatrões e empregados representada no filme “Que horas elavolta?”. Para isso, o instrumento utilizado foi a teoria propostapelo sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu, que tem como característicacentral a ideia da existência de uma estrutura subjacentepresente nas interações sociais. A análise se deu a partir daapresentação de cenas do filme portadoras de grande cargasimbólica que evidenciam a manifestação de normas implícitasque, de tão enraizadas, passaram a ser aceitas e vivenciadascomo naturais. O questionamento da validade de tais regrassó se dará com chegada de um novo agente, trazendo consigoum conhecimento distinto daquele operante no campo emquestão. A insubordinação deste novo elemento perturbarácompletamente a ordem estabelecida, criando tensões, disputase expondo a fragilidade de um esquema fundamentado emhierarquias que se mostrarão meramente arbitrárias.
Reflejos museográficos de una política colonizadora: la provincia de Valdivia en la Exposición de Artes e Industria de Santiago de Chile, 1872
Authors: Duarte Danilo
Published: September 2018

Con dos propósitos en mente, el artículo analiza la colecciónque la provincia de Valdivia envió a la Exposición de Artes eIndustria realizada en Santiago de Chile en 1872. En primerlugar, intenta demostrar que fueron los efectos de la políticade colonización los que habilitaron una diferenciación entrelas colecciones enviadas por esta provincia y otras exhibidaspor sus pares del centro, norte y extremo sur del país. Por otro,se afirma que aunque es una colección que podría representarel proyecto civilizador de una élite económica, industrial eintelectual local, en el escenario de la exposición de Santiagotransmuta en proyecto nacionalista, con lo cual se contribuyea la consolidación de un imaginario común.
Listas audíveis, coleções conectáveis: agentes de memória e versões de registro de música
Authors: Dinola Gama Silva Sabrina , Maria do Rego Monteiro de Abreu Regina , Geiger Amir
Published: September 2018

Ao longo do século XX e ainda hoje, uma série de projetosdistintos, porém aparentados, dirigiram a atenção e os esforçospara percorrer o Brasil e registrar amostras de sua diversidade.Neste período, sob diferentes perspectivas, pesquisas sobresaberes e práticas musicais no Brasil formaram acervos musicaisvariados, que não apenas testemunharam e preservaram algodas manifestações populares, mas também atuaram comoparte de um processo criativo de construção de memória(s)e identidade(s). Após uma breve apreciação da propostaseminal de Mário de Andrade e sua marca para muito alémdos anos 1930, procuramos no cenário contemporâneo novasconfigurações de agentes e agências que estejam veiculandoou realizando a ideia de preservação, porém, segundo eixosem que o reconhecimento das diferenças e diversidades estáassociado a novos protagonismos e novos sujeitos de memória.Ao observar estas variadas ações, ainda destacamos os processoscriativos de apropriação e usos de tecnologias.
The “Spirit of the Fatherland”: German-American Culture and Community in the Library and Archive of the German Society of Pennsylvania, ca. 1887–1920
Authors: Ames Alexander Lawrence
Published: September 2018

Established to nourish and showcase the vibrancy of German-American ethnic, scholarly, and cultural life, the library and archive of the German Society of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia have long served as artifacts of identity, politics, and intellectual discourse in one of the United States' largest cities. The library's opulent reading room showcases the central role of literary and cultural pride in German-American life. This article analyzes a pivotal era in the history of the German Society, its library, and its archive—between roughly 1887 and 1920—when burgeoning German ethnic pride came face to face with challenges posed by interethnic tensions, and, eventually, shifting geopolitical alignments culminating in the First World War. Study of the construction of the Society's headquarters and library reading room, along with examination of the contents of the library and archive, reveals that the Society operated as a crucible for evolving understandings of German-American ethnicity and republican citizenship.
Taking Up the Work: The Library Apprentices of Redondo Beach, California, 1909–1924
Authors: Blank Lisa
Published: September 2018

Librarians have historically been presented as missionaries or reformers, women dedicated to the “true library spirit.” This is an exploration of the personal lives and professional careers of the thirty-four library apprentices of the Redondo Beach (California) Public Library from 1909 through 1924. Not graduates of library schools, these women and girls entered librarianship from the local community, received some basic training, and then went on, some to long-term careers in the profession, some to work for a only a few months or years in a library, while others never did paid library work at all. The article looks at four key characteristics—age, training, employment options, and marital status—and asks what traits impacted work choice and career longevity.
A escrita criativa nos cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu das universidades brasileiras
Authors: Spalding Perez Marcelo , De Assis Brasil e Silva Luiz Antonio
Published: September 2018

Temos visto no Brasil uma demanda crescente por cursos e livros de escrita criativa na última década. Resta,porém, investigar se essa demanda crescente se reflete em maior presença nas universidades brasileiras,especificamente nos cursos de pós-graduação strictu sensu, nos quais se dá a maior parte da pesquisa e daprodução de conhecimento no Brasil. Para tal pesquisa, foram analisados 28 programas de pós-graduação comnota acima de 5 na Avaliação Quadrienal 2017 da Capes. Também se buscou no Banco de Teses e Dissertaçõesda Capes trabalhos em que a expressão “escrita criativa” aparecesse no título. Ao final, a hipótese inicial de crescimento da presença formal nos cursos de pós-graduação no Brasil foi frustrada, o que pode estar relacionado com a persistente crença de que a escrita é um dom restrito a gênio iluminados.
Escrita acadêmica: a resenha como produto de retextualização
Authors: Prado Anne Carolline Dias Rocha , Pereira Márcia Helena De Melo
Published: September 2018

Neste trabalho, encaramos a resenha acadêmica como um produto de retextualização. Ancorados em Marcuschi (2010) e Matencio (2002), entendemos a retextualização como um processo de transformação de um texto em outro, que envolve aspectos linguísticos, textuais, discursivos e cognitivos. Dessa forma, pretendemos descrever as operações textuais e discursivas envolvidas no processo de retextualização de um curta-metragem para a escrita de uma resenha acadêmica. Para isso, utilizaremos uma resenha acadêmica escrita por uma dupla de estudantes universitários, e seus dados processuais, a partir do curta metragem Vida Maria. Nossas análises mostraram que, na resenha analisada, os nossos sujeitos estabeleceram uma relação com o curta metragem, ao mesmo tempo em que se posicionaram como avaliadores da obra, mantendo, para isso, um vínculo com a estrutura retórica do gênero e com o texto-base.
Gobierno electrónico de El Salvador : servicios
Authors: Mejía de Ramírez Ana Cecilia
Published: September 2018

Internet y las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC), en la última década, han proliferado en todos los ámbitos del ser humano, trascendiendo a los planos económicos, políticos, educativos y sociales. La demanda de servicios en línea aumenta cada vez más en el nuevo estilo de vida más interactivo, digitalmente hablando, por ello los gobiernos han tenido que revolucionar sus formas de acercamiento ciudadano.El Salvador no es la excepción, aunque eso demande que se incremente la oferta de servicios en línea. La investigación pretende recopilar los servicios que ofrece el gobierno actual como parte de la modalidad de gobierno electrónico. Dentro la misma exploración se encontró diferencias marcadas en cuanto al tipo de estructura de sitio web que se muestra en cada Ministerio, como algunas con una interfaz bastante elaborada; otras sin embargo son planas y no bien diseñadas; o casos en que los links no están habilitados, denotando falta de actualización y mantenimiento. Se concluye que, aunque exista una plataforma tecnológica que soporta los servicios web de los diferentes ministerios, no hay un estándar de estructuración ni de espacios de información y el número de servicios estrictamente en línea están limitados, muchos de los servicios son de información de procesos para realizar presencialmenteEntorno, junio 2018, número 65: 42-60
El testimonio : reflexiones sobre su valor, formas y pertinencias en las ciencias sociales
Authors: Galaz Mandakovic Damir
Published: September 2018

El presente documento expone una aproximación teórica respecto al testimonio, analizando su valor, formas y pertinencias como fuente de información y archivo para las Ciencias Sociales, especialmente la Historia. Se enfatiza en sus modos de producción, valorización y usos para considerar la subjetividad, la diversidad discursiva, la heterogeneidad social y la descolonización ante los discursos magistrales.Entorno, junio 2018, número 65: 7-14
Critique of Pure Madness
Authors: Neyrat Frédéric
Published: September 2018

This chapter proposes the necessity of a radicalized existentialism for a world in which both philosophy and existence are denied the possibility of an outside. Outlining the situation of contemporary thought, in which both poststructuralism and Object-Oriented Ontology have tended to deny binary difference and hierarchy at the expense of reproducing those hierarchies or of flattening everything onto a single plane of existence, Neyrat defines a new version of transcendence, transcendence ≈ x, which does not delimit a transcendent entity so much as set up a motion toward the outside. In the face of this contemporary ontological regime of saturated immanence, which is both philosophical and practical, Neyrat argues that philosophy’s task is to re-think existence in all its eccentricity, starting from the category of the trans-ject, and to stake out an atopia, an inside-outside space for thought and being.
“Re-Orienting” Estoires d’Outremer: The Arabic Context of the Saladin Legend
Authors: Shachar Uri Zvi
Published: September 2018

Although the Estoires d’Outremer was written in Old French, the story it tells about Saladin agrees with narrative traditions circulating in Arabic far beyond the borders of the Frankish East. The power of the work for the Outremer nobility lies in the combination of Old French chivalric modus with the Arabic materia.
Financial Realism in The Fear Index
Authors: De Boever Arne
Published: September 2018

Chapter Three compares and contrasts the psychotic realism of Psycho and American Psycho to the financial realism of more contemporary finance fictions such as Alger’s The Darlings. The case-study in this chapter is Robert Harris’ science-fiction thriller The Fear Index. While The Fear Index continues the finance novel’s theme of psychosis—its main character, a finance man, is suggested to be psychotic and the novel includes a murder scene set in a hotel shower that is clearly inter-textual with Hitchcock’s film. The novel also resists this theme by refusing to blame everything that is happening to its main character on psychosis. Instead, it gradually reveals that the source of the evils narrated in the book is a trading algorithm that has gone rogue. The Fear Index thus introduces its readers to the contemporary economy of algorithmic, high-frequency trading—a reality that, while it may sound like science fiction, is represented in the novel in a realist, and at one point even documentary-like, mode. Generally received as a sci-fi thriller, The Fear Index thus presents an important step forward in relation to the psychotic realism of American Psycho in that it resists what Joseph Vogl in his philosophical study of the economy has called “the spectralization of capital.” The economy is certainly not forgotten in Harris’ novel but instead takes center-stage.
Michel Houellebecq, Finance Novelist
Authors: De Boever Arne
Published: September 2018

From his very first novel Whatever, Houellebecq has taken on the representation of the contemporary economy and asked in particular whether it still allows for a novelistic realism. Those concerns are continued in Houellebecq’s much more recent The Map and the Territory, which once again develops the question of realism in parallel to an investigation into economic value. Exploring this question across visual art (photography and painting) and literature (the novel), and with an emphatic interest in work, industrial objects, and those who produce those objects, The Map and the Territory ultimately reveals itself to be a detective novel that follows the deductive logic of the genre while simultaneously challenging that logic—a challenge that, in the novel, is explicitly formulated in economic terms as well, in other words as a challenge about the predictability of the markets. Thus, The Map and the Territory opens up onto the question of narrative in Meillassoux’s philosophy as discussed in Chapter Four.
Conclusion
Authors: De Boever Arne
Published: September 2018

Tying the economic and political dimensions of the book together, the conclusion surveys the work that has been accomplished in the previous chapters and suggests that the contemporary economic situation that has been analyzed is the product of an economic defense system that has produced “stock market fortification.” By this term, the chapter refers to those financial strategies that have sought to immunize the stock market against loss. In practice, such strategies have made the market less stable. The chapter calls such strategies “fortifications” following the analysis of early-modern fortifications that can be found in W. G. Sebald’s novel Austerlitz. In the end, this book takes it up for a philosophical, economic, and political “negative” that contemporary approaches to the stock market seek to deny. It is from this negative—from the precariousness of the market and of life—that our forms of life need to be rethought.
Brown Like Me? The Author-Function, Proper Names, and the Rise of Fictional Nobodies
Authors: Rodriguez Ralph E.
Published: September 2018

This chapter demonstrates the ways in which the two principal criteria for defining Latinx literature—identity and theme—are insufficient in making sense of this body of writing. It looks at three representative cases to demonstrate conclusively that we need a better way to understand the literature we have heretofore labelled Latinx. It examines a white writer (Daniel James) who, under a Latinx name (Danny Santiago), penned in the 1980s a popular Chicano novel of the barrio. It shows how the author of the novel The Madonnas of Echo Park, Brando Skyhorse, further confounds our understanding of identity matters and Latinx literature. He was raised as Native American and only as a teenager discovered he had a Mexican biological father. He has since written a memoir, Take This Man, about his upbringing, race, and ancestry. Finally, the chapter turns to a readily recognizable Latino author, Eduardo Halfon. However, this particular author writes on themes that critics would not readily identify as Latinx.
Confounding the Mimetic: The Metafictional Challenge to Representation
Authors: Rodriguez Ralph E.
Published: September 2018

This chapter considers the one-to-one correspondence between fiction and the world many readers of realist fiction expect and even desire. More specifically, this chapter examines Salvador Plascencia’s metafictional novel The People of Paper to show how it disrupts these desires for mimetic fidelity and emphasizes instead an interest in the very nature of fiction. It is, in short, a story about story in which the characters and the narrator are in a battle over omniscience and who gets to tell one’s story. Finally, the chapter analyzes how the production of Latino circulates in a novel that refuses to obey the properties of realism. In so doing, it forces readers out of mundane positions in evaluating whether a work of fiction accurately, positively, or authentically represents the community they might wish for it to represent.
The Lyric, or, a Radical Singularity in Latinx Verse
Authors: Rodriguez Ralph E.
Published: September 2018

Latinx, especially Chicana/o and Nuyorican, poetry has long been known for its political leanings and its employment in numerous social movements, particularly in the 1960s and 1970s. At the forefront of much of this poetry has been a narrative tradition. Less well known is the lyric and experimental tradition in Latinx poetry. This chapter focuses on poetry that cannot readily be paraphrased as having a message or making a political statement. It examines poems that do not easily accord with what we understand Latinx literature to be and that do not in some transparent way represent a Latinx worldview. The lyric poetry by Eduardo Corral, Rosa Alcalá, and Amanda Calderón analyzed in this chapter strikes a dissonant chord with the tradition of narrative-driven Latinx poetry.
Thinking beyond Limits
Authors: Rodriguez Ralph E.
Published: September 2018

This chapter draws to a close the arguments in the preceding chapters to underscore why Latinx is wanting as a taxonomic rubric for understanding literature. It maintains that leaning less heavily on the identity category in creating literary taxonomies and moving away from a unitary notion of Latinx identities would help us better understand the literary output of subjects identified and self-identified as Latinx and would open up broader avenues for writing about this literature. To that end, it proposes that we let our projects and arguments, not pre-constituted identity categories, drive the principle of selection for the texts we analyze.
Bigger Means Better
Authors: Knobel Beth
Published: September 2018

This chapter presents the results of the study of three large national newspapers with high circulation and big reputations for excellence. They are the New York Times (NYT or Times), the Washington Post (Post or WaPo), and the Wall Street Journal (WSJ or Journal). One might expect these high-achieving, well-funded news organizations to be the largest producers of watchdog journalism. This chapter considers that to be true, although not quite as much as one might think. Although the large papers were the highest producers of deep accountability reporting in the study group overall, they were surprisingly low producers during the early study years. And although their reputations were always high, a look back with hindsight shows that even the largest, strongest newspapers faced challenges in producing a steady stream of watchdog reporting during the time covered by this research.
On the Nature of Marx’s Things
Authors: Lezra Jacques
Published: September 2018

This chapter discusses Marx's early encounter with the Roman poet Lucretius's De rerum natura, when Marx had been preparing his dissertation. Lucretius's “acrobatic” verse impresses the young Marx, but what stays with him, forming what Louis Althusser might have called a subterranean current within Marx's work, is the poet's distinctive imbrication of things, res, with the matter of poetic expression, and with the expression of what comes to be called subjectivity. Over the course of Marx's career, the contingent logic that underwrites Lucretius's conception of this dynamic imbrication settles into Marx's treatment of objects generally, of proper names, and of identities.
The Primal Scenes of Political Theology
Authors: Lezra Jacques
Published: September 2018

This chapter shows how the correlative concepts of dynamic object and of contingent abstraction found in Marx take shape in their principal contemporary mediation, that is, in Sigmund Freud's far-reaching suggestion that the “I”—a principle of identity, of subjectivity, of project and intention, and so on—arises at the point of conflict and contact of sovereignty and the unconscious. The chapter considers if there is indeed a primal encounter between “politics” and “theology,” an early modern “hyphen [trait d'union] or translation between the theological and the political” from which the modern understanding of cultural mediation flows, and which would have been available for Marx's use in 1850 or so.
The Self-Emptying Subject
Authors: Dubilet Alex
Published: September 2018

Against the two dominant ethical paradigms of continental philosophy—Levinas’s ethics of the Other and Foucault’s ethics of self-cultivation—The Self-Emptying Subject: Kenosis and Immanence, Medieval to Modern theorizes an ethics of self-emptying, or kenosis, that reveals the immanence of an impersonal and dispossessed life “without a why.” Rather than aligning immanence with the enclosures of the subject, The Self-Emptying Subject engages the history of Christian mystical theology, modern philosophy, and contemporary theories of the subject to rethink immanence as what precedes and exceeds the very difference between the (human) self and the (divine) other, between the subject and transcendence. By arguing that transcendence operates and subjects life in secular no less than in religious domains, this book challenges the dominant distribution of concepts in contemporary theoretical discourse, which insists on associating transcendence exclusively with religion and theology and immanence exclusively with modern secularity and philosophy. This book argues that it is important to resist framing the relationship between medieval theology and modern philosophy as a transition from the affirmation of divine transcendence to the establishment of autonomous subjects. Through an engagement with Meister Eckhart, G.W.F. Hegel, and Georges Bataille, it uncovers a medieval theological discourse that rejects the primacy of pious subjects and the transcendence of God (Eckhart); retrieves a modern philosophical discourse that critiques the creation of self-standing subjects through a speculative re-writing of the concepts of Christian theology (Hegel); and explores a discursive site that demonstrates the subjecting effects of transcendence across theological and philosophical archives (Bataille).
The Eleventh Plague: Thinking Ecologically after Derrida
Authors: Wood David
Published: September 2018

Derrida has been condemned by some and drawn into empty culture wars by others. He himself hardly ever tried to correct or contain this profligacy. But all of us who have followed Derrida at some point face the question of inheritance. What is it to inherit the work, the writings, the insights of another? Derrida animates the question of inheritance in Specters of Marx, offering a model that would require selection and creative transformation, even as, he insists, a gift sometimes calls for ingratitude. How should we apply these ideas to reading Derrida himself? Do we have to transform the idea of transformation to avoid just following him? To be faithful to Derrida do we have to betray him? Concretely, in response to the ten plagues that Derrida names in Specters of Marx, I insist on an eleventh plague—our growing global climate crisis, formulated at something like an ‘ontological’ level. Forging a Derrida/Heidegger hybrid, this chapter argues that the eleventh plague is not just one more plague, but is at the heart of the first ten: questions of violence, law, and social justice are inseparable from ecological sustainability.
Thinking after the World: Deconstruction and Last Things
Authors: Toadvine Ted
Published: September 2018

The apocalyptic visions of the end of the world that dominate contemporary culture have merged with environmental narratives to the point of indistinguishability. These eco-eschatologies are phantasms, fabulous stories that construct our individual and collective identities, desires, and fears in the present—a present characterized by ecotechnical interdependence and calculative management of the far future. Coming to terms with our apocalyptic obsession and its implications for the sense of the world here and now requires an ecophenomenology of the end of the world, but one that, through its encounter with deconstruction, stretches both “eco” and “phenomenology” toward a hyperbolic transformation. In conversation with Nancy and Derrida, this chapter proposes that the phantasm of the world’s destruction bolsters our pretense of one world in common precisely by presenting this world as under threat. The withdrawal of the world as cosmos or lifeworld nevertheless discloses another sense of world as our liability to elemental geomateriality. By no longer envisioning things against a background of absolute contingency, vulnerable to total destruction, we may learn to stop dreaming of apocalypse or apotheosis and thereby open a relation to the present no longer governed by what Nancy has termed the “catastrophe of general equivalence.”
The Posthuman Promise of the Earth
Authors: Lynes Philippe
Published: September 2018

In the last interview before his death, Derrida claimed that the concept of survivance or living-on informed the entirety of his work. This chapter attempts to develop this notion in order to designate an ethics of ecological relationality extrapolated from Derrida’s infrequent but highly important references to the Earth, along a strategy building on Derrida’s use of ‘general economy,’ which I call general ecology. Through an ex-propriation of three temporalities of life, Husserl’s living present, Heidegger’s auto-affective temporalization of Dasein, and Freud’s death drive, the chapter suggests that all three for Derrida rest upon a certain decision concerning the restricted ecological reappropriations of life and death and their relations to the subject, the human, the individual: the Living Present as the pure form of absolute subjectivity, auto-affective temporalization as the proper of the human and its death, and the death drive as the detour within the ecology of immanence in the individual living organism. The chapter concludes by proposing the an-archic temporality of the promise of the earth as opening onto an-other thought of sharing the earth more justly in the life death we share with its others.
Earth: Love It or Leave It?
Authors: Oliver Kelly
Published: September 2018

The first images of Earth from space taken by the Apollo missions met with contradictory responses that are telling in relation to the problems of globalism and the environmental movement today. This chapter shows how the “autoimmune” response to seeing the Earth from space signals the need to rethink our bond to the Earth, our status as earthlings, and our relationships with Earth’s co-inhabitants.
Last Things
Authors: Khalip Jacques
Published: September 2018

With the “arrival” of the so-called era of the Anthropocene, certain contemporary theoretical approaches have led us to think that we are only now properly beginning to speculate on an inhuman world that is not for us, as well as confronting our fears and anxieties around ecological, political, social, and philosophical extinction. Reflections on apocalypse and disaster, however, were not foreign to what we historically call romanticism, but in Last Things, Jacques Khalip begins with the “end of things” differently, treating lastness otherwise than either a privation or a conclusion. He emphasizes quieter and non-emphatic modes of thinking the end of the world of thought itself. Without fear, foreshadowing, or catastrophe, Khalip explores lastness as a form, structure, or unit that marks the limits of our life and world, and he reads the fate of romanticism (and romantic studies) within the key of the last. Although this is a reading one could never wish for, it is one, Khalip argues, that we urgently have to make today. The book is not an elegy to the human, or to romanticism; rather, it polemically argues that we should read romanticism as a negative force that exceeds theories, narratives, and figures of survival and sustainability.
Approach
Authors: Dufourmantelle Anne
Published: September 2018

The simplicity of gentleness is misleading. It is an active passivity that may become an extraordinary force of symbolic resistance and, as such, become central to both ethics and politics. Gentleness is a force of secret life-giving transformation linked to what the ancients called potentiality. Gentleness is found in “transference” as well as in the tangible relationship to all things.