bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
О научных трудах Дмитрия Александровича Попова
Authors: Бухштабер Виктор Матвеевич , Королёв Максим Александрович
Published: January 2021

Настоящий очерк посвящён рассказу о жизни и научном творчестве замечательного российского математика Дмитрия Александровича Попова, отметившего свой 80-летний юбилей в августе 2019 г. Д.А. Попов внёс значительный вклад в математические основы рентгеновской, ультразвуковой и акустической томографии, теорию оценок осциллирующих интегралов, в задачи, связанные с распределением целых точек в круге на плоскостии в телах вращения. Особое место в очерке отводится недавним результатам юбиляра по проблемам связи спектра оператора Лапласа на фундаментальной области модулярной группы с распределением простых чисел.
SISTEMA DE MONITORAMENTO AUTOMATIZADO PARA CONTROLE DE QUALIDADE DE ÁGUA EM SISTEMA AQUAPÔNICO
Authors: Antoniolli Alessandro , Ahlert Edson Moacir
Published: January 2021

Aquaponia é um sistema de cultivo sustentável de peixes e plantas que tem ampliado sua capacidade de produção nos últimos anos, onde, com a união da Aquicultura e a Hidroponia em um sistema cíclico integrado, são gerados benefícios em ambos os cultivos, economizando água e eliminando produtos químicos dos cultivos. Contudo, apesar de promissor, há certa resistência com o método, por possuir uma alta sensibilidade aos parâmetros biológicos que a envolvem e, concomitantemente, pela falta de tecnologia que auxilie no desenvolvimento e controle do sistema. Evidenciando a água como elemento chave na aquaponia, foram tratadas tecnologias capazes de monitorar e automatizar os processos para manter o ecossistema em condições ideais. Assim, este projeto realizou o estudo e a elaboração de um sistema automatizado empregando a internet das coisas para monitoramento e controle dos parâmetros físicos e químicos presentes na água em sistemas aquapônicos, na produção de folhosas e hortaliças bem como peixes da espécie Oreochromis niloticus (Tilápia). Por meio da avaliação do sistema, coleta e análise de dados, constatou-se que o sistema obteve uma boa estabilidade, considerando o controle automatizado como fator importante para o um bom funcionamento do mesmo. Os dispositivos e tecnologias empregadas não apresentaram erros graves nem travamentos, mesmo submetidos a intempéries, como chuva, sol, vento, umidade. Os parâmetros coletados foram pH e temperatura da água, através de sensores. O pH variou entre 6.5 e 7.0 e a temperatura manteve-se entre 23 e 25 °C, estes resultados foram precisos e demonstram o sucesso da implantação de um sistema controlado automaticamente. Tendo em vista que é um projeto que resulta em mais segurança para os organismos presentes na água, demanda menor esforço manual e oferece dados precisos e importantes para um sistema sadio, fica comprovada a viabilidade desse projeto em um panorama econômico e operacional.
IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE SISTEMA DE VIDEOMONITORAMENTO DE BAIXO CUSTO UTILIZANDO ZONEMINDER E CÂMERAS IP
Authors: Stürmer Robinson , Ahlert Edson Moacir
Published: January 2021

Os atuais índices de violência têm aumentado a procura por soluções de segurança, sendo que sistemas de CFTV (Circuito fechado de televisão) são uma das soluções utilizadas. Este trabalho tem por finalidade a implementação de um protótipo de baixo custo com armazenamento remoto das imagens em nuvem, gerenciamento centralizado utilizando conceitos que englobam as áreas do curso de Redes de Computadores como a utilização de comunicação entre os dispositivos com os protocolos TCP/IP (Protocolo de controle de transmissão e Protocolo Internet), roteamento estático, VPN (Rede privada virtual), processamento distribuído de informações, alta disponibilidade, criação de rotinas automatizadas em Linux Bash, expressões regulares e serviço de monitoramento de rede, detectando anomalias e performance dos dispositivos do sistema. Para que o objetivo fosse atingido foram necessárias modificações do cenário inicial, incluindo dispositivo remoto para que as imagens fossem processadas e enviadas somente quando necessário. A solução mostrou-se viável e suficiente para diversas aplicações, pois além do baixo custo para aquisição dos equipamentos, seu custo de manutenção também é baixo.
APRENDIZAGEM BASEADA EM PROJETOS COMO METODOLOGIA DE ENSINO NO CURSO TÉCNICO EM EDIFICAÇÕES
Authors: Sauter Gutjahr Francine Maria , Schorr Maria Claudete
Published: January 2021

Perante aos inúmeros desafios encontrados pelos professores no ensino profissionalizante, para manter o interesse do aluno pelo curso, novas técnicas e metodologias de ensino e aprendizagem estão sendo utilizadas nas salas de aula. E é por meio de metodologias que instigam o aluno à pesquisa, desenvolvem o trabalho em grupo e a autonomia que, é possível ter profissionais preocupados com sua função no meio em que vivem. Tais metodologias tem impacto em seu trabalho, modo de agir e reflexão perante as pessoas que dependem de seus serviços. Neste artigo, após a contextualização teórica, é apresentada e discutida a proposta de aplicação da metodologia ativa de Aprendizagem Baseada em Projetos (ABP), na disciplina de Patologia das Edificações do curso Técnico em Edificações. Como resultado da proposta desta aplicação é esperado que o uso dessa metodologia resulte em profissionais capacitados, com conhecimento a respeito de patologias, como evitá-las e como solucioná-las, que estejam familiarizados com o que encontrarão na vida profissional, contribuindo para a formação de profissionais com o perfil que o mercado de trabalho tem buscado.
COMPARATIVO DE PESO DOS PÓRTICOS DE UM GALPÃO CONSIDERANDO SISTEMA EM TRELIÇAS E EM PERFIS DE ALMA CHEIA
Authors: Bianchini Alysson , Schmitz Rebeca Jéssica
Published: January 2021

Galpões são edificações preferencialmente térreas utilizadas para os mais diversos fins, sendo sua estrutura composta por pórticos paralelos usualmente em concreto armado pré-fabricado ou aço. Em se tratando de galpões em aço tem-se duas tipologias bastante comuns: treliças e perfis de alma cheia (perfis I). Entende-se que para a escolha da estrutura devem ser considerados diversos fatores, sendo um deles o custo, que para estruturas metálicas, muitas vezes, está atrelado ao peso da estrutura (peso de aço) e ao número e complexidade das ligações. Dentro deste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo comparar o peso de aço necessário para o pórtico principal de um galpão hipotético considerando dois tipos de estrutura: treliças e perfis de alma cheia. Para essa análise foram desenvolvidos os dois projetos, sendo assim, inicialmente foram definidas as dimensões do galpão, o aço adotado (ASTM 572 grau 50) e os perfis utilizados. Para o pórtico em perfis de alma cheia, optou-se por perfis laminados W nas vigas e perfis W do tipo H nos pilares. Já para o pórtico formado por treliças, optou-se pelo uso de perfis laminados U, sendo adotada treliça Pratt nas vigas e, nos pilares, do tipo Warren. Em seguida, foram estimados os carregamentos permanentes, variável de sobrecarga e de vento, para este último utilizou-se o software VisualVentos, e, após, foram combinados considerando o Estado Limite Último (ELU) normal. As duas estruturas foram modeladas no Ftool e com isso, verificados os esforços, a partir dos quais definiu-se os perfis necessários seguindo as diretrizes de dimensionamento da NBR 8800 (ABNT, 2008). Ao final, tem-se que o pórtico em treliças tem peso de 0,72kN/m e o pórtico em perfis de alma cheia, 1,29 kN/m. Se avaliado todas as cargas permanentes que engloba peso de elementos não estruturais, tem-se 2,22 kN/m sobre o pórtico em treliças e 2,79 kN/m para o pórtico em perfis de alma cheia, o que representa uma diferença de 25,7%. Por fim, para o galpão avaliado entende-se que no quesito peso, o pórtico em treliça é mais vantajoso. Entretanto vale ressaltar que por essa diferença não ser tão significativa e considerando que a montagem de treliça é mais trabalhosa, possivelmente a opção por pórtico em perfis de alma cheia seja mais vantajosa para situação analisada.
IMPRESSÃO 3D APLICADA À TECNOLOGIA ASSISTIVA
Authors: Froboese da Silva Eloar , Menin da Silva Lucas , Gonçalves Deon Vinícius , Toso Marcelo André
Published: January 2021

As características de pessoas com necessidades especiais como a paralisia cerebral, limitam movimentos que o indivíduo deveria realizar com facilidade. Devido a isso, para que estas pessoas possam tornar-se mais independentes ao realizar atividades diárias básicas como alimentação e higiene os utensílios precisam ser adaptados para suas particularidades. Porém, devido à baixa capacidade de customização, os métodos tradicionais de fabricação não favorecem estudos relacionados a estas demandas. Por outro lado, a impressão 3D fabrica peças distintas entre si com custos aceitáveis. Essa tecnologia é mais eficaz quando atua em conjunto com ferramentas computacionais como softwares de Desenho e de Engenharia Assistida por Computador (CAD) e (CAE). O objetivo deste trabalho é modelar em software CAD e fabricar por impressão 3D produtos de Tecnologia Assistiva (TA) que auxiliem na vida diária de alunos da Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE) de Xanxerê - SC. Como resultado, tem-se expressiva melhoria na qualidade de vida dos alunos da APAE, aumentando, mantendo ou melhorando as capacidades funcionais das pessoas com deficiência, além da obtenção de parâmetros de projeto adequados, variáveis estas necessárias para a fabricação de componentes através da manufatura aditiva. Os produtos (colheres) desenvolvidos via impressão 3-D apresentam boa resistência, acabamento e melhora na estabilidade de preensão, possibilitando mais autonomia aos usuários durante o processo de alimentação.
IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE INFRAESTRUTURA COMO CÓDIGO PARA PROVISIONAMENTO E DEPLOY DE APLICAÇÕES
Authors: Noll Jones Luis , Pretto Fabrício
Published: January 2021

A evolução tecnológica dos últimos anos trouxe uma necessidade crescente por softwares, devendo estes, estarem sempre disponíveis, acessíveis e atualizados para seus usuários. Para atender as demandas dos sistemas de informação, a infraestrutura passou a ser construída através de código, tornando-se assim, dinâmica e escalável. Ao utilizar os conceitos de DevOps e Infraestrutura como Código, este trabalho teve como objetivo a criação automatizada de toda a infraestrutura necessária para execução do ciclo de desenvolvimento de um software, desde o registro da mudança até sua entrega. Foram realizadas a criação e a configuração das máquinas virtuais e contêineres necessários, a orquestração dos mesmos em um cluster Kubernetes, finalizando com o deploy da aplicação e do banco de dados. Como resultado, após a execução de todos os processos, um sistema de informação encontrou-se em execução na estrutura e disponível aos usuários. Foram analisados os tempos necessários para a criação automatizada da estrutura e os benefícios na adoção da Infraestrutura como Código.
What is winter? Modelling spatial variation in bat host traits and hibernation and their implications for overwintering energetics
Authors: Hranac C. , Haase Catherine , Fuller Nathan , McClure Meredith , Marshall Jonathan , Lausen Cori , McGuire Liam , Olson Sarah , Hayman David
Published: January 2021

White-nose syndrome (WNS) has decimated hibernating bat populations
across eastern and central North America for over a decade. Disease
severity is driven by the interaction between bat characteristics, the
cold-loving fungal agent, and the hibernation environment. While we
further improve hibernation energetics models, we have yet to examine
how spatial heterogeneity in host traits is linked to survival in this
disease system. Here we develop predictive spatial models of body mass
for the little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) and reassess previous
definitions of the duration of hibernation of this species. Using data
from published literature, public databases, local experts, and our own
fieldwork, we fit a series of generalized linear models with
hypothesized abiotic drivers to create distribution-wide predictions of
pre-hibernation body fat and hibernation duration. Our results provide
improved estimations of hibernation duration and identify a scaling
relationship between body mass and body fat; this relationship allows
for the first continuous estimates of pre-hibernation body mass and fat
across the species’ distribution. We used these results to inform a
hibernation energetic model to create spatially-varying fat use
estimates for M. lucifugus. These results predict that WNS mortality of
newly and soon-to-be infected M. lucifugus populations in western North
America may be comparable to the substantial die-off observed in eastern
and central populations.
Journalism Education and Fake News
Authors: Vukić Tijana
Published: January 2021

This article offers a scholarly review of the literature and research on journalism education and fake news from an international and a local (Croatian) perspective. The purpose of this paper is to examine the connection between the
education for journalists as a scholarly and academic discipline (as well as a
teaching practice) and the issues caused by fake news in the digital age of mass
media. Based on a comprehensive critical conceptual analysis of the body of
knowledge available on the subject, it was determined that there is a diverse
discussion about the status of journalism education regarding fake news. In that
context, fake news has so far been internationally researched from several angles
– curriculum content, journalism students, journalism and media studies, journalism practice, media audience, etc. When addressing the issue of education of
journalists and fake news, three streams can be singled out. The first and most
voluminous one refers to the systematic formal or additional education regarding
media and information literacy. The next one refers to various changes related to
the higher education system for the education of journalists, but without any concrete propositions for system reconstruction or upgrading. The last one advocates providing additional professional education to employed journalists. From
the local perspective, even though only two articles suggest journalism education
as a solution for the problems caused by fake news, based on thorough research
it can be concluded that fake news and journalism education are not yet topics of
interest among communication scholars in Croatia.
Sine and cosine types of generating functions
Authors: Masjed-Jamei Mohammad , Moalemi Zahra
Published: January 2021

We introduce two sine and cosine types of generating functions in a general case and apply them to the generating functions of classical hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials as well as some widely investigated combinatorial numbers such as Bernoulli, Euler and Genocchi numbers. This approach can also be applied to other celebrated sequences.
Corrigendum to Enhanced sorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous ions from aqueous solution by ionic liquid impregnated nano-silic and nano-alumina particles (Chem. Ind. Chem. Eng. Q. 23(2) (2017) 207-216)
Authors: Editorial E
Published: January 2021

The authors regret that Figure 6, Table 3, and some statements of the
originally published article, must be corrected while the other parts of the
article remain unchanged.

 Link to the corrected article 10.2298/CICEQ160121034G
New 4-aminoquinolines as moderate inhibitors of P. falciparum malaria
Authors: Opsenica Igor , Selakovic Milica , Tot Miklos , Verbic Tatjana , Srbljanovic Jelena , Stajner Tijana , Djurkovic-Djakovic Olgica , Solaja Bogdan
Published: January 2021

Synthesis of novel aminoquinoline derivatives has been accomplished and their activity against malaria strains has been examined. The compounds showed moderate in vitro antimalarial activity against two P. falciparum strains, 3D7 (CQ susceptible clone) and Dd2 (CQ resistant clone). Three aminoquinolines were further examined for antimalarial efficacy in a mouse model using a modified Thompson test. In this model, mice were infected with P. berghei-infected red blood cells, and drugs were administered orally. Antimalarial 3 was found toxic at a dose of 320 (mg/kg)/day in 3/6 mice, however, 2/6 mice of the same group survived through day 31, and one of them was cured.
Cultural Diversity of Audit Committees and Firms' Financial Reporting Quality
Authors: Felix Robert , Pevzner Mikhail , Zhao Mengxin
Published: January 2021

SYNOPSIS

We examine the effect of audit committees' cultural diversity, as measured through ancestral cultural diversity of audit committee members, on firms' financial reporting quality. We find that audit committee cultural diversity is associated with a lower likelihood of financial accounting restatements. Our results are driven by firms operating in more complex environments, which suggests that audit committee cultural diversity may be particularly important when the firm is inherently complex. We also find that cultural diversity is associated with a lower likelihood of restatements for companies with more powerful CEOs, suggesting that more culturally diverse audit committees are more effective in restraining CEO accounting opportunism. Additionally, we document that audit committee cultural diversity is associated with an array of other measures of higher reporting quality. Our study thus highlights the importance of cultural diversity in audit committee effectiveness.

JEL Classifications: M40; M41.
Effects of DPP-4 Inhibitor Linagliptin Versus Sulfonylurea Glimepiride as Add-on to Metformin on Renal Physiology in Overweight Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (RENALIS): A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial
Authors: Muskiet Marcel H.A. , Tonneijck Lennart , Smits Mark M. , Kramer Mark H.H. , Ouwens D. Margriet , Hartmann Bolette , Holst Jens J. , Touw Daan J. , Danser A.H. Jan , Joles Jaap A. , van Raalte Daniël H.
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

To compare effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin with those of a sulfonylurea on renal physiology in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In this double-blind randomized trial, 46 overweight T2DM patients without renal impairment received once-daily linagliptin (5 mg) or glimepiride (1 mg) for 8 weeks. Fasting glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were determined by inulin and para-aminohippuric acid clearances. Fractional excretions, urinary damage markers, and circulating DPP-4 substrates (among others, glucagon-like peptide 1 and stromal cell–derived factor-1α [SDF-1α]) were measured.

RESULTS

HbA1c reductions were similar with linagliptin (–0.45 ± 0.09%) and glimepiride (–0.65 ± 0.10%) after 8 weeks (P = 0.101). Linagliptin versus glimepiride did not affect GFR, ERPF, estimated intrarenal hemodynamics, or damage markers. Only linagliptin increased fractional excretion (FE) of sodium (FENa) and potassium, without affecting FE of lithium. Linagliptin-induced change in FENa correlated with SDF-1α (R = 0.660) but not with other DPP-4 substrates.

CONCLUSIONS

Linagliptin does not affect fasting renal hemodynamics compared with glimepiride in T2DM patients. DPP-4 inhibition promotes modest natriuresis, possibly mediated by SDF-1α, likely distal to the macula densa.
A Validated Prediction Model for End-Stage Kidney Disease in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Vistisen Dorte , Andersen Gregers S. , Hulman Adam , McGurnaghan Stuart J. , Colhoun Helen M. , Henriksen Jan E. , Thomsen Reimar W. , Persson Frederik , Rossing Peter , Jørgensen Marit E.
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is a life-threatening complication of diabetes that can be prevented or delayed by intervention. Hence, early detection of people at increased risk is essential.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

From a population-based cohort of 5,460 clinically diagnosed Danish adults with type 1 diabetes followed from 2001 to 2016, we developed a prediction model for ESKD accounting for the competing risk of death. Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate the model on the basis of information routinely collected from clinical examinations. The effect of including an extended set of predictors (lipids, alcohol intake, etc.) was further evaluated, and potential interactions identified in a survival tree analysis were tested. The final model was externally validated in 9,175 adults from Denmark and Scotland.

RESULTS

During a median follow-up of 10.4 years (interquartile limits 5.1; 14.7), 303 (5.5%) of the participants (mean [SD] age 42.3 [16.5] years) developed ESKD, and 764 (14.0%) died without having developed ESKD. The final ESKD prediction model included age, male sex, diabetes duration, estimated glomerular filtration rate, micro- and macroalbuminuria, systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, smoking, and previous cardiovascular disease. Discrimination was excellent for 5-year risk of an ESKD event, with a C-statistic of 0.888 (95% CI 0.849; 0.927) in the derivation cohort and confirmed at 0.865 (0.811; 0.919) and 0.961 (0.940; 0.981) in the external validation cohorts from Denmark and Scotland, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

We have derived and validated a novel, high-performing ESKD prediction model for risk stratification in the adult type 1 diabetes population. This model may improve clinical decision making and potentially guide early intervention.
Primary Students’ Perception towards Cultural Differences in The School Environment
Authors: Prastiwi Yeny
Published: January 2021

This article aims at uncovering how the elementary students’ responses to cultural differences. The students as the object of the present research is from four different Islamic schools. In this sense, the students are getting used socialize with homogeneous culture. This research was conducted through participatory action research where the member of the research she is a foreigner – Japanese and student of BIPA (Indonesian Language for foreign speaker) program – introduces her culture to six grade students (eleven to twelve years old children). The research data was collected through questionnaires. The result of the study indicated by the collected questionnaire shows that most of the students: fifty-eight form seventy-seven students like to the introduction of foreign culture, particularly conducted by foreign people. They are happy with the foreign people in their school introducing in Japanese culture, such as short lyrics Japanese song. Students’ active participation in class activity perceived as their acceptation or positive manner to foreign culture in their school environment.
Direito sanitário: avaliação de marcos regulatórios sobre lançamento de medicamentos de base biotecnológica no Brasil
Authors: Cabral Claudio Henrique Damasceno , Derenzo Silas
Published: January 2021

Introdução: Requerimentos regulatórios ligados à área farmacêutica têm sido crescentes nas últimas décadas, em função das novas alternativas terapêuticas que, em sua maioria, apresentam maior especificidade e menores efeitos colaterais, principalmente de medicamentos oriundos de base biológica. O sistema regulatório representa um problema para muitos países quando não há regras harmonizadas e, num contexto de mundo globalizado, nem sempre o ambiente produtivo está inserido no ambiente do usuário final. O presente trabalho avalia o painel regulatório brasileiro para produtos de origem biológica e sua consequência no desenvolvimento/lançamento desses produtos. Método: Foi realizado um levantamento com indústrias farmacêuticas, por meio de questionário, abrangendo empresas públicas e privadas, de capital nacional e estrangeiro. Resultados e considerações finais: Com base nesse levantamento, observou-se que os principais marcos regulatórios trouxeram mudanças para o lançamento de produtos biológicos no Brasil, sobretudo com maior participação das empresas privadas nacionais e incremento no setor industrial público brasileiro.
Double Standards Regarding the Attitude of the Contemporary States towards Secession: The Legal Aspect
Authors: Andreeva G. N.
Published: January 2021

The constitutions of the majority of the existing states reflect a negative attitude towards secession: from the establishment of a number of constitutional principles (the unity of the nation, the integrity of the state, etc.), which are interpreted by the bodies of constitutional control as directly or indirectly hindering the implementation of secession, to its direct prohibition. Only a small group of constitutions contain provisions allowing secession. Along with this, in the international legal field, wherein the states operate and declare the recognition of the principles thereof, there is a principle of recognition of the right of nations to self-determination. Within the framework of national law the secession, which was a precondition for the existence of the significant number of the contemporary states and, as such, served as the basis for the proclamation and approval of their independence, is considered at the official level as an important and significant event. It is celebrated as official holidays, anniversaries of independence, also states may support customs and traditions that are associated with the secession. The article shows that this “double standards”, applied by a significant part of modern states to past and future secessions is caused by, on the one hand, state obvious interest to preserve integrity, and, on the other hand, the traditions rooted in the past. The doctrine that justifies the strictly negative state attitude towards secession is not ideal, contradictory, based on the currently transforming concepts and theories; thus counter-arguments were developed based on fundamental constitutional theories and research. The diversity and inconsistency of the doctrine forces the contemporary state to either seek a balance between conflicting theories and approaches, or to adhere to one of them — usually not the most actual one. The necessary combination, synchronization of international legal and constitutional legal attitudes towards the regulation of secession can be ensured, first of all, if such regulation is based on the principle of the priority of human rights. At the same time, in contrast to the principle of the sovereign right to dispose of their territories by the states based on the model of property rights, which has feudal roots (which is also being modernized and transformed in the context of globalization), the humanitarian approach to ensure the right of people to self-determination is designed to guarantee the possibility of a free and rational choice of the form of their state existence by regional and local communities.
Azawad As a Self-proclaimed Tuareg State
Authors: Filippov V. R.
Published: January 2021

The author was set to find out the fundamental reasons for the separatism of the Tuareg community in the Republic of Mali. The article examines the evolution of the political identity of the Tuaregs and the consolidation of scatted nomadic tribes into a community, which aims for sovereignty within their own state. It is known that the desire for state self-determination of nomads within the self-proclaimed state of Azavad is a factor that has a serious impact on the internal political situation in the country throughout its history, starting from the time of gaining independence in the early of 60s years of last century and to the present. The study showed that the confrontation between the black majority of the population of the country and in comparison with small number of “white people of the desert” (Tuaregs, Moors, Arabs) is primarily due to the parallel existence of various “life necessities cultures” in the territory of Sahel. Relatively peaceful farmers, fishermen and hunters coexist here with the warlike nomadic cattle herders. The lands cultivated by some are considered by others to be their original pasture - lands. The author substantiates the conclusion that all acute conflict situations arising in the northern territories of Mali are ultimately conditioned by the influence of this determining factor. This determines the essence of the discriminatory policy against the Tuaregs on the part of the authorities protecting the interests of the majority, Bamako’s mistakes associated with attempts to accelerate the modernization of archaic nomadic communities. The author comes to the conclusion that the situation is complicated by the reluctance of the Elysee Palace to abandon political and economic preferences in Mali and withdraw its troops from the territory of this sovereign state, from the territory that the Tuaregs consider their ancestral lands. In his opinion, in the conditions of an acute political crisis in this country, the Tuareg’s desire for state self-determination will grow.
Kosovo: Secession as a Nation-building Project
Authors: Kudryashova I. V. , Meleshkina E. Yu.
Published: January 2021

The article focuses on stateаnd nation-building in the partially recognized Republic of Kosovo. The main research question is whether it is possibleto build effective state institutions withinnon-consolidated borders after a “remedial secession” relying on the support of international actors. The article identifies thefactors that determine this possibility. Theyare tradition of independent political being and power organization; peculiaritiesof sociocultural and ethnic composition;goals and strategies of the external actorsand their compliance with needs of the internal actors and the population; level ofnew institutions’ applicability. The authorsconclude that the tradition of power organization, non-consolidated borders (including socio-cultural borders), contradictions between different international organizations and between them and internalactors hamper the process of state-buildingin Kosovo to a great extent. The evidenceis the lack of visible improvements reflected by indicators of the economic and institutional development. Furthermore, weakintegration of Serbian minority, especially in the North Kosovo, remains a majorchallenge to nation-building within existing borders.
Uncontrolled Territories in the Contemporary World: Theory, Genesis, Types and Dynamics
Authors: Kolosov V. A. , Sebentsov A. B. , Turov N. L.
Published: January 2021

The uncontrolled territories(UT) attract the attention of an increasing number of researchers; however, mostpublications are devoted to only one typeof UTs – unrecognized states. The objective of this paper is to assess and analyzechanges in territory and population of allUTs in different macro-regions of the worldthrough 2006–2010 and 2014–2019. Fivemain directions of studies of such territoriesare identified and characterized. The authors distinguish several types and patternsof territorial control, propose a typology ofUTs and consider in detail the methodologyand difficulties of creating a correspondingdatabase. The aggravation of the geopolit ical situation in the second decade of the21thcentury led to an increase in the number of international conflicts and in the area and population of UTs in Asia, Africaand Europe. The de facto secession largelyaffected the vast zones of problematic statehood in Asia and Africa, where accordingto the authors’ estimates, about 45 millionand 138 million people live, respectively.The emergence of UTs is a special case of thefragmentation of the political space at different territorial levels – a consequence ofthe turbulent transformation of the worldgeopolitical order.
Identity and Secession: The Case of the Secession of Slovenia and Croatia from Yugoslavia
Authors: Efremenko D. V.
Published: January 2021

The secessions of Slovenia andCroatia – two interrelated and interdependent processes – put an end to the existenceof the socialist federal Yugoslavia. The article examines the mutual influence of theidentity transformations of the Slovenes andCroats in the second half of the 1980s – early 1990s and the disintegration of the SFRY.Historical and cultural background, the influence of socio-political conditions and thepurposeful efforts of key actors to transformidentities are analyzed.It is shown that the main vector ofchanges in the identity of Slovenes andCroats in the second half of the 1980s –early 1990s favored secessions, but theywere not predetermined. The influence ofexternal factors was very strong, including, firstly, changes in the political landscape of Serbia and their echoes in thestructures of power at the federal level,and, secondly, the approaching collapse ofthe political regime in the USSR and othercountries of Eastern Europe, and also theend of the Cold War.The actions of political leaders were ofparticular importance for the transformations in the sphere of identity. Thanksto their efforts, the secessionist strategiesstrongly affected the identities of Slovenesand Croats. But in Croatia, with the coming to power of F. Tudjman and the Croatian Democratic Union, practically the entire system of government bodies began tofunction in the regime of a “nationalizingstate” (R. Brubaker).
Greenland and Denmark: Arctic Secessionism in a Global Powerplay
Authors: Krivorotov A. A.
Published: January 2021

Greenland, the biggest island in the world inhabited predominantly by Inuits, was a Danish colony before 1953 and has since then been a part of the Danish realm with a gradually increasing autonomy. Some 2/3 of its population favor a complete secession, but the heavy dependence upon Danish budget subsidies is the main challenge. The Chinese government and companies have since 2005 maintained a close dialogue with Greenland as an entry point to the Arctic and a rich base of natural resources (including rare earth elements), though there has not been major investments yet. The U.S. have lately tried to halt this cooperation for the reasons of foreign, security and resource policy, and to put Greenland under a tighter American control. President Trump’s purchase offer in 2019 was the most publicized initiative. Denmark, despite its close alliance with the United States, is worried by either American or Chinese involvement and tries to become a good patron for Greenland to prevent its secession. Meanwhile, the Greenlandic authorities confirm their political will to struggle for a complete independence from Denmark. The article suggests three medium-term scenarios, with Greenland remaining in an gradually looser union with Denmark, moving into the U.S. domain and acquiring a full statehood with a subsequent competition of great powers. Whatever the outcome, Russia shall monitor the development closely and play an active role in the Arctic, not taking a part in the US-China rivalry.
Perbandingan Karakteristik Minuman Probiotik Semangka (Citrullus lanatus) Dengan Variasi Jenis Semangka Merah Dan Kuning Menggunakan Starter Lactobacillus casei Strain Shirota
Authors: Sari Maria Fetty , Catarina Retno Herrani
Published: January 2021

Buah semangka berpotensi untuk diolah menjadi minuman probiotik semangka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) pengaruh variasi jenis semangka merah dan kuning terhadap karakteristik minuman probiotik semangka, 2) jenis semangka yang dapat menghasilkan karakteristik minuman probiotik tertinggi, dan 3) jenis semangka untuk produk minuman probiotik yang paling disukai oleh panelis. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan diterapkan ke  variasi jenis semangka merah (M) dan kuning (K). Data uji karakteristik dan organoleptik dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan uji Independent Sample T-Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variasi jenis semangka merah dan kuning berpengaruh secara signifikan pada uji total BAL dan pH, tetapi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan pada uji total gula. Semangka merah menghasilkan karakteristik tertinggi dengan rerata nilai total BAL 7,2x104 CFU/ml, total gula 12,63%Brix, dan pH 5,8. Minuman probiotik semangka merah paling disukai oleh panelis dari aspek warna 4,19 (suka), sedangkan semangka kuning paling disukai oleh panelis dari aspek aroma 3,59 (cukup suka) dan rasa 3,92 (cukup suka).
Pembuatan Arang Aktif dari Tempurung Siwalan (Borassus flabellifer L.) yang Diaktivasi dengan Kalium Hidroksida (KOH)
Authors: Nitsae Merpiseldin , Lano Lans Asideo , Ledo Mellissa E.
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan arang aktif teraktivasi KOH dari limbah tempurung Siwalan yang ada di Nusa Tenggara Timur terutama di daerah pesisir pantai.  Pembuatan arang aktif dilakukan melalui dua tahap, yaitu tahap karbonisasi dan aktivasi. Pada proses karbonisasi tempurung Siwalan dibakar dalam alat pirolisis sederhana dengan oksigen terbatas. Selanjutnya, dilakukan aktivasi arang dengan cara direndam KOH dengan variasi 0,1 M; 0,5M; dan 1M selama 24 jam.  Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh positif KOH terhadap aktivitas arang tempurung Siwalan . Karakteristik arang yang dihasilkan memenuhi SNI 06-3730 dengan kriteria terbaik 6,56% kadar air; 8,55% kadar abu; bilangan iodin sebanyak 2163,36 mg g-1; dan daya serapmetilen biru sebanyak 438,52 mg g-1. Daya adsorbsi arang aktif tempurung Siwalan terhadap iodin dan metilen biru yang tinggi (lebih besar dari SNI) menunjukkan bahwa arang aktif tempurung Siwalan dapat digunakan sebagai adsorben.
Potensi Skeletonema costatum (Greville) sebagai Fikoremediator Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Limbah Batik
Authors: Liwun Rafael Rape , Yulianti L. Indah , Sidharta Boy Rahardjo
Published: January 2021

Industri batik domestik menghasilkan limbah cair yang umumnya pengolahannya tidak dilakukan dengan baik sehingga limbah tersebut mencemari badan air. Salah satun kandungan logam berat pada limbah cair industri batik adalah timbal (Pb). Fikoremediasi dengan menggunakan mikroalga Skeletonema costatum adalah salah satu solusi menurunkan kadar Pb. Percobaan penelitian menggunakan RAL (rancangan acak lengkap) dengan tiga kali pengulangan selama 7 hari perlakuan dengan variasi kepadatan inokulum berupa V1 (kontrol, tanpa pemberian mikroalga), V2 (kepadatan inokulum2x105 sel/ml), V3 (kepadatan inokulum4x105 sel/ml) dan V4 (kepadatan inokulum6x105 sel/ml). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan V4 paling efektif menurunkankadarPb dalam limbah batik dengan persentase penurunan 36,453% dan menurunkan kadar BOD dalam limbah batik dengan persentase penurunan 81,006%.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth) Terhadap Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853
Authors: Purwaningsih Desi , Wulandari Destik
Published: January 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27833 merupakan bakteri patogen oportunistik penyebab infeksi nosocomial pada pasien septikemia, sistik fibrosis, luka bakar, dan infeksi luka yang dapat menyebabkan tingkat mortilitas tinggi. Bakteri P. aeruginosa dilaporkan mengalami resistensi terhadap beberapa macam antibiotik. Hal tersebut dapat mengakibatkan lamanya waktu penyembuhan dan meningkatkan resiko kematian. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini ialah dengan mengambil jalan alternatif menggunakan obat-obatan alami berbahan dasar tumbuhan. Salah satu tumbuhan yang memiliki potensi sebagai antimikroba adalah suruhan (Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak daun suruhan dalam membunuh bakteri P. aeruginosa. Metode uji antibakteri yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji dilusi untuk mengetahui Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum (KBM). Ekstrak suruhan dibuat dalam 9 seri konsentrasi yaitu 50, 25, 12,5, 6,25, 3,12, 1,56, 0,78, 0,39, dan 0,19%. Hasil uji menunjukkan nilai KHM yang tidak dapat ditentukan karena campuran ekstrak daun suruhan dan bakteri P. aeruginosa sangat keruh. Nilai KBM yang diperoleh dari uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun suruhan terhadap bakteri P. aeruginosa adalah sebesar 25%.
The Impact of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) in Developing the Listening Skill: A Case of Students at Dubai Men's College, the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Alzieni Hussam
Published: January 2021

Mobile technologies are one of the fastest-growing technologies in education. They offer an appealing opportunity to access multiple sources of information anytime and anywhere. Students who join Dubai Men's College in the Foundations program suffer from accumulative weakness in the language skills in general and in the listening skill in particular. The study aimed to confirm the positive impact of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) on English Listening Skills. It attempted to examine the effect of MALL on students' acquisition of English language Listening Skill at Dubai Men's College (DBM), the United Arab Emirates. The study also investigated teachers' perspectives on the effect of MALL on the students' listening skill. The research question was: To what extent students' listening skills have in the experimental group developed through the use of MALL compared to the students in the control group? A mixed-method approach composed of qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis was used to answer this question. 66 students participated in a quasi-experiment of an experimental group, and a control group and 20 teachers participated. The findings indicated that there were statistically significant differences between both groups in favour of the experimental group. The research stressed the benefits of using MALL to improve the students' listening skills, especially those who seem to be demotivated. Finally, some teachers showed a lot of support for the use of MALL. Additional empirical research should be conducted to increase the generalizability of the findings.
Unlocking Technology for Language Learning: A Viability at the Time of Transition from Traditional to Online Teaching and Learning
Authors: Srivastava Reema
Published: January 2021

Online teaching and learning activities are no longer ‘a nice-to-have extracurricular facility’ but an answer to what, how, when people learn, and where they learn it from. Digitization of education helps us to find answers to how technology can enable teachers and students to access specialized materials outside the classroom, in various formats and ways that help to utilize both time and space. Educators all over the world are trying to overcome the limitations of being physically separated by moving onto online learning platforms. This paper attempts to find out the feasibility of using technology for teaching language to learners of English as a second language in the present-day context. The findings of this research are based on responses to a questionnaire answered by both the Language teachers and the Undergraduate students of Middle East College, Muscat and through literature review. Gen Z, the ‘digital natives’ do not want teachers to be replaced entirely by computers as they need motivation, inspiration, and emotional support. Virtual education is feasible, but its success depends upon the effective content generation, designing and planning for its delivery, and the effective use of teaching/learning tools that can supplement the efforts of the teachers. For online teaching and learning not only do the colleges and educational institutions need to be well-equipped, the learners also need to adapt to the changing scenario.
Succession Analysis in Family Business (Case Study at PT. BJE)
Authors: Wahyuningsih OH, Retno Sri , Ferijani Agatha
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyze the family business succession process carried out by PT. BJE in the election of son-in-law as the business successor. To understand the selection process, a succession analysis was carried out through the seven stages of the Seven-Point Star Model. The research method uses descriptive qualitative with a case study phenomenology approach. This study used primary and secondary data obtained by means of semi-structured in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and company documentation. The results showed that the stages of the Seven-Point Star Model succession planning had not yet been fully implemented by PT. BJE.
PERILAKU DISKRIMINATIF PADA PEREMPUAN AKIBAT KUATNYA BUDAYA PATRIARKI DI INDONESIA DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF KONFLIK
Authors: Apriliandra Sarah , Krisnani Hetty
Published: January 2021

Ketidaksetaraan gender sudah menjadi isu yang lama tidak terpecahkan. Di seluruh penjuru dunia, baik di negara maju maupun berkembang masih mengalami permasalahan ketimpangan gender yang bermuara pada meningkatnya perilaku bersifat diskriminasi kepada kaum yang menjadi termarjinalkan akibat ketimpangan tersebut, yaitu khususnya pada kaum perempuan. Indonesia sendiri merupakan negara yang mendapatkan warisan budaya patriarki dari bangsa penjajah. Budaya ini masih meresap cukup kuat pada sebagian masyarakat Indonesia, di mana mereka mempercayai kendali tunggal laki-laki atas segala hal. Sehingga, tidak jarang kaum perempuan mendapatkan perlakuan yang tidak adil di masyarakat dalam berbagai bentuk. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan pengumpulan data dengan studi pustaka. Melalui perspektif konflik dari pendekatan multidimensional yang digunakan untuk meninjau isu ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa budaya patriarki menjadi salah satu faktor besar dari banyaknya perlakuan diskriminatif kepada perempuan sampai saat ini dikarenakan susunan kekuasaan pada berbagai aspek nyatanya didominasi oleh kaum laki-laki.
ANALISIS PENAHAPAN KONFLIK DAN SEGITIGA MULTI TINGKAT DALAM PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK PEMBANGUNAN BANDARA INTERNASIONAL DI MAJALENGKA
Authors: Haryani Zakiah Alfi , Nulhaqim Soni Akhmad
Published: January 2021

Penelitian dari konflik bandara internasional di majalengka dilatarbelakangi oleh perbedaan kepentingan antara pemerintah dengan masyarakat setempat yang bermata pencaharian sebagai petani. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan tahapan konflik yang terjadi dan menganalisis strategi mengelola konflik yang terjadi. teori yang digunakan adalah teori penahapan konflik dan segitiga multi tingkat dari Simon Fisher dalam bukunya yang berjudul “mengelola konflik”. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi literature mengenai isu terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa prakonflik pertama kali dipicu oleh isu penggusuran lahan petani masyarakat sekitar, konfrontasi terjadi ketika pemerintah mengeluarkan surat pengosongan lahan, krisis terjadi ketika terjadi kekerasan dalam pengosongan lahan, akibat dari krisis yang terjadi adalah pemerintah dapat menaklukan masyarakat dengan adanya kompensasi yang diberikan, pascakonflik melibatkan kedua belah pihak yang berdamai dan dilanjutkan dengan pembangunan bandara internasional majalengka yang sekarang sudah dapat beroperasi.
Similarities and Differences between the Yakut Olonkho and the Buryat Uliger: Plot Composition and Motives
Authors: Koryakina A. F.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the identification of typological similarities and differences in epic plots and motives in the texts of the Yakut olonkho and the Buryat uliger. The relevance of the stated problem is due to the purpose of obtaining additional materials to confirm the results of earlier studies on establishing the genetic origins and typological connections of the epic creativity of the Yakut and Buryat peoples. A brief review of the study of the problem in the works of domestic folklorists, who developed the theory of the comparative study of the peoples of the world epics; Yakut epic scholars, who considered in their works the historical and typological connections of the Yakut olonkho with the epics of the Sayan-Altai, Mongol-Buryat peoples; Buryat scientists who turn in their research to the processes of historical and cultural mutual influences of the epic heritage of the Yakuts and Mongol-Buryats. Scientific methods of typological, structural-comparative and textological analysis are used. The similarity of the plots and plot motives of the olonkho “Nyurgun Bootur the Swift” by K. Orosin and the uliger “Abai Geser Mighty” by M. Imegenov, which is due to the principles of typological repetition in folklore and cultural and historical contacts of the Yakut and Buryat peoples at different stages of development of the Proto-Turkic peoples inhabiting the territory of Central Asia and South Siberia.