bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dispersal and Survival of Captive-Reared Threatened Fishes in a Tonle Sap Lake Reserve
Authors: Campbell Teresa , Ngor Peng Bun , Chan Bunyeth , Eschenroeder Jackman C. , Everest Elizabeth , Chandra Sudeep , Chea Seila , Pin Kakada , Chhuoy Samol , Chhorn Soksan , Soem Sothearith , Sup Mecta , Phen Chheng , Sreynov Hoy , Somony Thay , Chhut Chheana , Hogan Zeb S.
Published: September 2022

The Tonle Sap Lake in Cambodia supports several species of threatened megafish and contains one of the largest networks of freshwater fish reserves in the world. Despite these traits, this system remains understudied in terms of its utility for endangered fish conservation and restoration. This study was the first of a series of planned fish releases designed to test the effectiveness of conservation supplementation programs in the Tonle Sap Lake. In March 2022 (during the dry season), 1582 captive-reared fishes, including 1538 striped catfish Pangasianodon hypopthalmus, 42 giant barb Catlocarpio siamensis, and two Mekong giant catfish Pangasianodon gigas, were tagged and released into a 986-hectare fish reserve to assess post-release dispersal and survival. Brightly colored external tags with unique identification numbers were used to facilitate tag returns. A high-profile release event was held to raise awareness about the activity, bringing attention to the importance of fish reserves and endangered species conservation, and disseminating information about the research and tag return and reward program. This, in concert with other efforts, served to be an important education and outreach tool and increased tag return rates. We found that mortality from fishing was rapid and very high. Nineteen percent of released fishes were recaptured in the first 2 days after the fish release, and 46% were recaptured by day 83 after the release, indicating intense fishing pressure on the Tonle Sap Lake fisheries. Eighty percent of recaptured fishes were caught in stationary gill nets, most within 10 km of the release site. Fishing mortality rates were independent of fish size or source (pond-reared or cage-reared). Environmental DNA (eDNA) was found to be capable of detecting each of these species’ presence in the water at the release site and could prove to be a useful tool for endangered species monitoring and restoration. Future research should explore alternative release timing, release location, and other methods of increasing post-release survival. Ultimately, underlying sources of mortality, especially fishing, will need to be addressed for conservation supplementation programs to succeed in the Tonle Sap Lake. Conservation supplementation should not be viewed as a substitute for more fundamental conservation measures, such as maintenance of environmental flows, preservation of ecological connectivity, and science-based fisheries management.
Variation in Spectral Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter and Its Relationship with Phytoplankton of Eutrophic Shallow Lakes in Spring and Summer
Authors: Zhang Yimeng , Yang Fang , Liao Haiqing , Hu Shugang , Yu Huibin , Yuan Peng , Li Bin , Cui Bing
Published: September 2022

The compositional characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) have important implications for lake water quality and aquatic ecology. Seasonal changes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) as well as phytoplankton abundance and composition in Shahu Lake from April to July were characterized by three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (3DEEMs) combined with parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis. The relationship between the response of components of the DOM and phytoplankton abundance were explored via Pearson correlation and redundancy analysis (RDA) in the overlying water. The results showed that the DOM was composed mainly of tryptophan-like (C2+C4), fulvic-acid-like (C3), humic-acid-like (C1), and tyrosine-like (C5) compounds that accounted for 44.47%, 20.18%, 20.04%, and 15.31%, respectively, of the DOM. The DOM was derived from both endogenous and terrestrial sources. With seasonal changes, endogenous DOM produced by phytoplankton growth and metabolism gradually increased. In spring and summer (April–July), Chl-a concentrations were significantly correlated with C3 (p < 0.01) and C5 (p < 0.05). The concentration of protein-like fractions (C2+C4, C5) were correlated with Cyanobacteria abundance, and the concentrations of humic-like component content (C1, C3) were correlated with the abundance of Xanthophyta, Chlorophyta, and Cryptophytes. Overall, phytoplankton density and Chl-a content increased by 125% and 197%, respectively, and the abundance of C3 and C5 in the DOM increased by 7.7% and 22.15% in parallel. Thus, seasonal phytoplankton growth had an important influence on the composition of the DOM.
A Modified Hydrologic Model Algorithm Based on Integrating Graph Theory and GIS Database
Authors: Shiu Chia-Cheng , Chiang Tzuping , Chung Chih-Chung
Published: September 2022

Ensuring high quantity and quality of water for humans is becoming more important because of the water supply risks in extreme climates. With increasing urbanization, urban water resource management is becoming increasingly important. The hydrologic analysis of water supply pipelines can help decision-makers understand water pressure, flow rate, water quality, and possible leakages, extending feasible strategies for sustainable development and smart cities. In this study, an improved urban hydrologic analysis model was built by integrating the connectivity of graph theory and the geographic information system (GIS) database. The Neihu Division of the Taipei Water Department in Taiwan was taken as an example to explain the proposed process and method, and 15,131 confluence data items were used to analyze the differences between the proposed method and WaterGEMS. The results show that of the total head parameters, 72% had zero differences, 28% had a difference of less than 1 m, and about 99% of the confluences had a water pressure difference of less than 1 m. The comparison of 120 on-site water pressure measurements showed that about 85% of the confluences had an error of less than 20%. The above results demonstrated the applicability of the proposed method for water resource management on similar scales and its benefit for the development of smart cities.
Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Purposes in the Diass Horst System in Senegal
Authors: Diouf Ousmane Coly , Sarr Hameth Khassim , Diedhiou Mathias , Weihermüller Lutz , Dieng Ndeye Maguette , Faye Seynabou Cissé , Vereecken Harry , Faye Serigne
Published: September 2022

Due to surface water scarcity and variability in rainwater events in the Thies region, Senegal, farmers mostly rely on groundwater resources to improve yield production, although water quality in the hydrosystem and its suitability may be an issue. The objective of this study is to evaluate suitability of the Maastrichtian and Paleocene aquifers located the central western part of Senegal in the Thies region for irrigation purposes. For this purpose, chemical analyses were carried out on the major ions on the Maastrichtian and Paleocene aquifers through a network of 62 sample locations (39 from the Maastrichtian and 23 from the Paleocene) sampled in June 2019. Different water suitability assessment indices were used to evaluate the potential for irrigation, including sodium absorption ration (SAR), percentage of sodium (Na%), permeability index, Kelly ratio (RK), and salinity potential (SP) together with Wilcox and USSL diagrams as methods. The results indicate, that the Ca-Mg-HCO3 water type is dominant in the Maastrichtian aquifer, while in the Paleocene aquifer, HCO3-Ca-Mg and Cl-Ca-Mg are the main water types. The combination of these computed index values indicates that the percentage of suitable water for irrigation purposes accounts for 89.7% and 86.9% of the samples for the Maastrichtian and the Paleocene aquifers, respectively. On the other hand, water samples unsuitable for irrigation purposes range between only 10.3% and 13.1% for the two aquifers.
The Impacts of Chlorine and Disinfection Byproducts on Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (ARB) and Their Conjugative Transfer
Authors: Kong Cen , He Xin , Guo Meiting , Ma Shunjun , Xu Bin , Tang Yulin
Published: September 2022

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are emerging contaminants leading to severe worldwide health problems. Chlorination, a widely used procedure, was extensively explored as one of the main methods to remove ARB and ARGs in recent years. In this study, to enrich the analyses of chlorination, several comprehensive effects of the chlorine disinfection system on ARB and their conjugative transfer ability were explored. The results presented that the low dose of chlorine (<3-log inactivation rate) had little influence on the survival of bacteria in terms of their capacity for conjugative transfer and antibiotic resistance. The high dose of chlorine (>3-log inactivation rate) triggered cell membrane changes, with little influence on the bacteria in terms of their antibiotic resistance. However, their capacity for conjugative transfer sharply decreased. Minor consumption of chloramphenicol was achieved with the chlorine dose applied in the disinfection system. Monochloroacetonitrile (MCAN) had limited effects on the frequency of conjugative transfer, indicating that the existence of MCAN would not aggravate the dissemination of ARGs by conjugative transfer. The overall impacts of the chlorine disinfection system with different containments on antibiotic resistance need further investigation.
Comparative Evaluation of Five Hydrological Models in a Large-Scale and Tropical River Basin
Authors: Ávila Leandro , Silveira Reinaldo , Campos André , Rogiski Nathalli , Gonçalves José , Scortegagna Arlan , Freita Camila , Aver Cássia , Fan Fernando
Published: September 2022

Hydrological modeling is an important tool for water resources management, providing a feasible solution to represent the main hydrological processes and predict future streamflow regimes. The literature presents a set of hydrological models commonly used to represent the rainfall-runoff process in watersheds with different meteorological and geomorphological characteristics. The response of such models could differ significantly for a single precipitation event, given the uncertainties associated with the input data, parameters, and model structure. In this way, a correct hydrological representation of a watershed should include the evaluation of different hydrological models. This study explores the use and performance of five hydrological models to represent daily streamflow regimes at six hydropower plants located in the Tocantins river basin (Brazil). The adopted models include the GR4J, HYMOD, HBV, SMAP, and MGB-IPH. The evaluation of each model was elaborated considering the calibration (2014–2019) and validation period (2005–2010) using observed data of precipitation and climatological variables. Deterministic metrics and statistical tests were used to measure the performance of each model. For the calibration stage, results show that all models achieved a satisfactory performance with NSE values greater than 0.6. For the validation stage, only the MGB-IPH model present a good performance with NSE values greater than 0.7. A bias correction procedure were applied to correct the simulated data of conceptual models. However, the statistical tests exposed that only the MGB-IPH model could preserve the main statistical properties of the observed data. Thus, this study discusses and presents some limitations of the lumped model to represent daily streamflows in large-scale river basins (>50,000 km2).
Adsorption of Remazol Brilliant Violet-5R from Aqueous Solution Using Sugarcane Bagasse as Biosorbent: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies
Authors: Ullah Toheed , Gul Hajera , Khitab Fatima , Khattak Rozina , Ali Yousaf , Rasool Shagufta , Khan Muhammad Sufaid , Zekker Ivar
Published: September 2022

Sugarcane bagasse is an inexpensive and eco-friendly natural biosorbent for the removal of various organic pollutants. The adsorption of Remazol Brilliant Violet-5R (RBV-5R) dye on sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was studied. Biosorbent was characterized using EDX and FTIR. The effect of various experimental parameters, such as pH, biosorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time, adsorption with shaking and without shaking, and the temperature, was optimized. At pH 6, maximum biosorption of 92.22% was achieved using 0.15 g of SCB. The equilibrium was attained within 30–40 min for the removal of RBV-5R. The initial dye concentration of 10 µg/mL was determined as an optimum concentration for maximum removal of RBV-5R at 30 °C. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applied, and it was found that the biosorption of RBV-5R follows Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Kinetic studies were also carried out and it was found that the proposed method followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.98). From desorption study, it was found that maximum desorption in the increasing order was obtained using ethanol, methanol, and 0.2 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The biosorption study was applied to actual textile waste effluent to pave way for the practical usage of this technology on a larger scale and the results were found effective.
Pig Slaughterhouse Wastewater: Medium Culture for Microalgae Biomass Generation as Raw Material in Biofuel Industries
Authors: Medrano-Barboza Johanna , Herrera-Rengifo Kevin , Aguirre-Bravo Alberto , Ramírez-Iglesias José Rubén , Rodríguez Rosalía , Morales Victoria
Published: September 2022

Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms with high lipid content, capable of degrading nutrients from wastewater. In this research, two strains of microalgae, Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella vulgaris were cultivated in sterilized pig slaughterhouse wastewater using outdoor flat photobioreactors. Cell growth, total lipids, free fatty acids (FFA), fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and physicochemical parameters of wastewater were measured. The results indicated that pig slaughterhouse wastewater is adequate to grow these species of microalgae, obtaining a higher biomass growth for Scenedesmus sp. compared to Chlorella vulgaris (0.41 g/L vs. 0.2 g/L); additionally, these species can be used in bioremediation processes due to the nutrient removal achieved in terms of Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorous (TP) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC). Methylcyclohexane, chloroform: methanol (1:2) and ethyl acetate had better yield of lipids and FFA. The percentages of FAMEs from FFA were in the range of 52.5–89.5 wt% for Scenedesmus sp. and for Chlorella vulgaris from 52–80.5 wt%. Although the values of lipids, FFA and FAME are below of the range reported by other authors, the use of this type of wastewater as culture medium for the two species cannot be ruled out for lipid extraction in biofuel production.
Arsenic Concentration, Fraction, and Environmental Implication in Fe–Mn Nodules in the Karst Area of Guangxi
Authors: Ji Wenbing , Ying Rongrong , Yang Zhongfang , Hu Zhewei , Yang Qiong , Liu Xu , Yu Tao , Wang Lei , Qin Jianxun , Wu Tiansheng
Published: September 2022

We determined the concentrations, geochemical fractions, and potential environmental implications of arsenic (As) via pH-static extraction experiments, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and sequential extraction. Compared with the corresponding soils, the enrichment factors followed the order As (4.27) > Fe (2.14) > P (1.71) > Mn (1.41) > Al (0.95) > Ti (0.44) > Si (0.39) > Mg (0.28) > K (0.13). As showed a higher enrichment factor than all other elements. Arsenic showed a high linear correlation with iron in the FMNs, which can be expressed as As = 18.68Fe − 175.89 (r2 = 0.97, p < 0.01), indicating that Fe plays an important role in the geochemical behavior of As. Most of the As occurred as As (V) (83.79%) in the Fe–Mn nodules (FMNs), and As (III) (16.21%) only occupied a small portion. The distribution of As in the geochemical fractions of the FMNs followed the order F5 (99.54%) > F3 (0.25%) > F4 (0.10%) > F2 (0.09%) > F1 (0.02%), indicating that the residual fraction (F5) of As is the most dominant component. The total release of As from the nodules was extremely low (<0.01%) under neutral pH conditions (pH 6.0–8.0), and As was adsorbed and stabilized by the FMNs under neutral pH conditions (pH 6.0–8.0). However, overacidification or alkalization of the soil environment will promote As release, with subsequent ecological hazards.
Evaluation of a Slum Upgrading Program for Improvement of Water Supply in Bandung City, Indonesia
Authors: Urfanisa Dina , Kazama Shinobu , Takizawa Satoshi
Published: September 2022

A slum upgrading program has provided communal boreholes (KOTAKU boreholes) to improve water supply in slums of Indonesia. However, the achievement of the program was only estimated by the number of households served with the boreholes. We evaluated the water supply improvement by comparing actual water consumption, quality, and expenditure and household satisfaction of existing water sources in a slum of Bandung City, Indonesia. A high iron concentration and microbial contamination were observed in some KOTAKU boreholes, but the quality was better than that in the previous sources of the current KOTAKU borehole users. Twenty percent of the users spend more than 4% of their income on water due to bottled water and vended water for drinking and cooking. However, KOTAKU boreholes replaced that water for drinking and/or cooking, resulting in less water expenditure in low-income households. The average consumption was 134 L per capita per day (LPCD), which was higher than the target (60 LPCD) of the program. However, it was found that a highly intermittent water supply was the reason for household dissatisfaction rather than the amount of consumption. The program improved water supply; however, this study revealed the limitations of the water supply, namely, a lack of attention to continuous water supply and water quality.
Calibration and Evaluation of Empirical Methods to Estimate Reference Crop Evapotranspiration in West Texas
Authors: Awal Ripendra , Rahman Atikur , Fares Ali , Habibi Hamideh
Published: September 2022

Evapotranspiration is an essential component of the hydrologic cycle, and its accurate quantification is crucial for managing crop water requirements and the operation of irrigation systems. Evapotranspiration data is key to hydrological and water management research investigations, including studying the impact of various climatic factors on crop water requirements. It has been estimated as the product of the reference crop evapotranspiration and crop coefficient. Daily reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) can be determined by several methods and equations. The Food and Agriculture Organization Penman-Monteith equation requires complete weather data, whereas empirical equations such as Hargreaves and Samani, Valiantzas, Priestley-Taylor, Makkink, and Stephens-Stewart require limited weather data. This work evaluated different empirical equations for West Texas using the standard FAO Penman-Monteith method and calibrated their parameters to improve ETo estimation. Detailed meteorological data from West Texas Mesonet and high resolution (800 m) Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) datasets from 2007 to 2016 were used. Daily ETo calculated using the standard FAO Penman-Monteith equation was compared to ETo estimated based on different empirical methods. The results show that all original empirical equations underestimated ETo. Calibration improved the performance of tested equations; however, there seems to be underestimation of ETo in the 8–16 mm range. Overall, the monthly Hargreaves and Samani equation with either original or calibrated values of its parameters outperformed all tested models. This equation seems to be a reasonable estimator, especially under limited weather data conditions.
Analysis of Water Supply Capacity of a Sand Dam
Authors: Chung Il-Moon , Lee Jeongwoo , Kim Min Gyu , Kim Il-Hwan , Yifru Bisrat Ayalew
Published: September 2022

A sand dam is an old technology used to trap sand materials and store water in dry riverbeds. Besides the volume of sand stored, the water storage and supply capacity of the sand dam depends principally on material properties including hydraulic conductivity (K) and the specific yield (Sy). In this study, the water supply capacity of a sand dam, applied in South Korea with a modified scheme, was analyzed. Imported sand materials were placed in three layers, and perforated drain pipes were installed to abstract the water to a collection tank. Using a Modular Finite-Difference Groundwater Flow (MODFLOW) model, the drain pipe discharge related to aquifer properties and supply capacity of a sand dam was evaluated. Using the model, the productivity of the sand storage with several cases of inflow conditions was assessed. For the period from 9 March 2020 to 16 May 2022, the results of calculation of water supply for the installation and operation of new sand dam are as follows. Regarding the actual inflow condition, compared to the average water supply of the existing water intake source, the sand dam installation increased water supply by 61.6%, and the sand dam installation showed an effect of improving the water supply by 36.0% for the minimum water supply. The calculated water supply for the condition where the inflow was reduced by 50% showed an effect of improving water supply by over 70% on average due to the installation of the sand dam. The findings would be a benchmark for future expansions of the scheme in related places, and management and maintenance of the system.
Comparison of Numerical Methods in Simulating Lake–Groundwater Interactions: Lake Hampen, Western Denmark
Authors: Lu Chuiyu , He Xin , Zhang Bo , Wang Jianhua , Kidmose Jacob , Jarsjö Jerker
Published: September 2022

The numerical simulation of lake–groundwater interaction dynamics is very challenging, and, thus, only few model codes are available. The present study investigated the performance of a new method, namely, the Sloping Lakebed Method (SLM), in comparison to the widely used MODFLOW lake package (LAK3). Coupled lake–groundwater models based on LAK3 and SLM were developed for Lake Hampen, Denmark. The results showed that both methods had essentially the same accuracy when simulating the lake water level, the groundwater head and the overall water balance. The SLM-based model had the potential to reproduce the change of the lake surface area in a more natural way. Moreover, the vertical discretization of a lake in the SLM is independent of the groundwater model, and, thus, the model grid at the top layers could be considerably coarsened without a loss of model accuracy. This could lead to savings in computational time of approximately 30%.
Planform Dynamics and Cut-Off Processes in the Lower Ucayali River, Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Abad Jorge D. , Mendoza Alejandro , Arceo Kristin , Torres Zara , Valverde Henry , Medina Gerles , Frias Christian , Berezowsky Moisés
Published: September 2022

The Ucayali River is one of the most dynamic large rivers in the world, with high rates of channel migration regularly producing cutoffs. In the lower portion of the Ucayali River, before its confluence to the Marañon River where the Amazon River is born, the increase in water and sediment discharge triggers bends with secondary channels (transitional stage from purely meandering to anabranching), which influence the planform migration rates and patterns of the sinuous channels. Based on remote sensing analysis, a comparison of planform dynamics of bends with and without secondary channels is presented. For the case of a bend with secondary channels (Jenaro Herrera, JH), detailed field measurements for bed morphology, hydrodynamics, bed and suspended load are performed for low-, transitional- and high-flow conditions (August, February and May, respectively). Additionally, a two-dimensional depth average hydraulic model is utilized to correlate observed migrating patterns with the hydrodynamics. Results indicate that the secondary channels have disrupted typical planform migration rates of the main meandering channel. However, at high amplitudes, these secondary channels reduce their capacity to capture flow and start a narrowing process, which in turn increases migration rates of the main channels (meandering reactivation process), suggesting that an imminent cutoff along the JH bend is underway by pure lateral migration or by the collapse into the existing paleochannels.
SPH-Based Numerical Study on the Influence of Baffle Height and Inclination on the Interaction between Granular Flows and Baffles
Authors: Cheng Hualin , Zhang Bei , Huang Yu
Published: September 2022

Arrays of baffles are widely used to prevent and mitigate granular flows (e.g., debris flows and landslides) in mountainous areas. A thorough understanding of the decelerating effect and the impact force of the baffle arrays is essential for engineering design and hazard mitigation. However, the interaction mechanism of granular flows and baffles is still not fully understood. In this work, numerical simulations based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method are performed to investigate the influence of baffle height and inclination on the interaction between granular flows and baffles. It is found that the SPH model can well capture the flow kinematics of granular materials through the baffles and can obtain the impact force acting on the baffle structures. The results indicate that the performance of baffles is affected by the overflow of granular flows and increasing baffle height can effectively improve the deceleration effect on granular flows. However, the impact force analysis shows that the strength of higher baffle structures also needs to be increased in engineering design. In addition, the peak impact force is found to be closely related to the Froude number Fr.
Being a Black Mother Living with HIV Is a “Whole Story”: Implications for Intersectionality Approach
Authors: Etowa Josephine B. , Kakuru Doris M. , Etowa Egbe B.
Published: September 2022

While African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) mothers living with HIV in Canada are required to follow public health guidelines by exclusively formula feeding their infants, they also face cultural expectations from peers and family members to breastfeed. They face multiple challenges because of their race, ethnicity, gender, class, and geographical location, among other factors. Previously published studies on this subject did not analyze how the intersectionality of these factors impacts Black mothers’ infant feeding experiences. In this article, we discuss the infant feeding practices of Black mothers living with HIV in Ottawa (Canada). We followed a qualitative methods research design that utilized intersectionality and a community-based participatory research approach. We used the intersectionality framework as a lens to analyze the complex mesh of determinants influencing motherhood experiences of ACB women living with HIV. Being a Black/ACB mother while living with HIV is a “whole story” permeated with cutting-across issues such as race, class, gender, socio-political, and cultural contexts. These issues are interwoven and often difficult to unravel. Multiple layers of structural determinants of Black/ACB women’s HIV vulnerability and health are described. Intersectionality is important for an in-depth understanding of societal power dynamics and their impact on women’s health inequities.
Dynamics of cervical mucus immune factors in patients with candida and mycoplasma infection before and after topical laser therapy
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Gizinger O. A. ,   Medical Institute, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2022

The article presents an analysis of the content and dynamics of indicators of humoral factors in the cervical mucus of women with inflammatory diseases of the lower reproductive tract caused by combined candida and mycoplasma infection. It has been shown that the use of topical laser therapy (wavelength 635±10 nm) with variable pulse generation leads to normalization of the sIgA, IgA production, restoration of the activity of C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5 complement components, total haemolytic complement activity, and the balance of cytokines in the cervical mucus.
Cardiovascular risks in children with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Rostov State Medical University » of the Ministry of Health of Russia. Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Letifov G. M. , Makhachev B. M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Dagestan State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia. Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russia, Umalatova M. I. ,   State Budgetary Institution of the Republic of Dagestan «Children's Polyclinic No. 3». Makhachkala, 367026, Republic of Dagestan, Russia
Published: September 2022

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) occupy a leading place in the structure of nephro-urological pathology and are often accompanied by changes in the cardiovascular system, which requires an interdisciplinary approach in the management of this category of patients. Purpose: assessment of the nature and frequency of cardiovascular disorders in children with CAKUT to optimize their follow-up monitoring. The study included 190 children with CAKUT, of which 24 (15.0 %) had duplicated ureters; 30 (18.75 %) — hypoplasia; 40 (25.0 %) — cysts; 30 (18.75 %) — an autosomal dominant type of polycystosis, 36 (22.5 %) — varying degrees of severity of hydronephrosis, and 30 practically healthy children without kidney pathology (group 2). The age of children by groups: 34 children were up to 3 years, 41 children — 3–6 years, 59 children — 7–11 years, and 26 children — 12–15 years. In group 1, there were 73 (45.6 %) boys and 87 (54.4 %) girls aged 4 to 16 years (mean age 8±5.82 years), and in group 2, there were 13 (43.3 %) boys and 17 (56.7 %) girls aged 4 to 15 years (average age 6±6.73 years). A comprehensive examination of the urinary and cardiovascular systems using ultrasound diagnostics and Holter monitoring of pulse, ECG, and blood pressure was carried out. Statistical processing was performed using Statistica 8.0 for Windows (Statsoft Inc., USA). Conclusions. With CAKUT, chronic infection was often recorded in children with duplicated ureters (91.7 %) and hydronephrosis (88.9 %); persistent and increased crystalluria was noted in every third patient (33.3 %) with duplicated ureters, in 47.2 % of children with hydronephrosis, and in almost 2/3 of patients (73.3 %) with polycystosis. In children with CAKUT syndrome, CHD was detected in 15.0 % of cases; the frequency of small developmental heart anomalies is high with the prevalence of left ventricular false tendon (38.9 %) and mitral valve prolapse (33.6 %). This justifies the need to include an examination by a pediatric cardiologist 1–2 times a year with an additional examination of the cardiovascular system (ECG, heart ultrasound, and daily monitoring of blood pressure) in the standard of follow-up monitoring of children with CAKUT.
Chromatography-mass spectrometry of microbial markers as a promising method of studying human microbiota
Authors:   Laboratory of Microbial Chromatography, ООО Medbazis, Saint-Petersburg,, Platonova A. G.
Published: September 2022

The microbiota is a key factor in maintaining the homeostasis of the human body. The intestinal microbiota has not been given due attention for a long time. Today, a high-quality and reliable study of the microbiota is possible due to chromatography-mass spectrometry of microbial markers. The study allows detecting bacteria, microscopic fungi, and viruses.
Urinary tract infection in children and adults: modern approaches to prevention and treatment (literature review)
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ", Letifov G.M. ,   Rostov State Medical University",   of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Chebotareva Yu.Yu. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Rostov State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Panova I.V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Rostov State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Bryksina E.Yu. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Rostov State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Krivonosova E.P. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Rostov State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Dombayan S.Kh. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Rostov State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Published: September 2022

Urinary tract infection occupies a leading place in the structure of uronof our own research, alternative approaches to complex therapy and prevention of various variants of the course of urinary tract infection are presented. At the stages of patient rehabilitation, special attention is paid to diet therapy, the use of modern phytopreparations, the preservation of the mucous microbiota, and immunomodulatory therapy.ephrological pathology in children and adults. Based on the analysis of literature data and the results.
Professional education of physicians and occupational diseases Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors:   North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov (St. Petersburg, Russia), Dadali V. A. , Sokolova E. V. ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov (St. Petersburg, Russia)
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Interest in preparations containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids arose as a result of epidemiological studies conducted in the 1970s. Linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids are essential fatty acids. Obviously, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids should also be classified as essential fatty acids. In the body, unsaturated and partially polyunsaturated fatty acids can be synthesized by the successive participation of chain elongation enzymes called elongases and desaturation enzymes (i.e. forming double bonds at the appropriate positions in the chain) called desaturases. The consumption of polyunsaturated higher fatty acids increasesthe need for antioxidants, especially vitamin E, since peroxidation products easily formed from polyunsaturated higher ω-3 fatty acids have a damaging effect on the body cells and tissues.
Influence of enzyme drugs in the composition of compound feed on the meat productivity of ducklings
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Chuvash State Agrarian University”, Russia, Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary, Zhestyanova L. V. , Lavrentiev A. Yu. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Chuvash State Agrarian University”, Russia, Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary, Kostomakhin N. M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy”, Russia, Moscow
Published: September 2022

Duck breeding is one of the most precocious branches of meat poultry farming. Industrial production methods made it possible to turn it into one of the most eff ective branches of animal husbandry. Currently, ducklings for meat are reared in specialized farms using intensive technology of year-round rearing of ducklings without reservoirs and feeding them with dry complete compound feed. The use of enzyme drugs in poultry feeding has long been a characteristic feature of modern industrial poultry farming. Due to numerous scientifi c studies and increasing demands for improving the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and stimulating poultry productivity, most poultry farmers are well aware of the need and results of the use of enzymes. The purpose of the work was to study the eff ect of a mixture of enzyme grugs of domestic production (Amylosubtilin G3x, ProtosubtilinG3x and Cellolux-F) when included in compound feed for ducklings on the quality indicators of meat productivity. A scientific and economic experiment was carried out on purebred young ducks of the cross Agidel. The material was normally developed, healthy ducklings. For the experiments three groups of ducklings per 50 heads in each were formed according to the principle of groups of analogues with respect to sex and age. The age of the ducklings when tested was 1 day. It was found that the use of enzyme drugs according to the developed scheme contributed to an increase in meat productivity. Based on the conducted studies, it can be recommended to include mixtures of enzyme drugs Amylosubtilin G3x + Cellolux-F in the amount of 100 and 75 g/t, respectively, into the compound feed for ducklings.
Sapropel as a source of nutrients in feeding of cattle
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University”, Russia, Tyumen, Volkova E. A. , Yarmots G. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University”, Russia, Tyumen, Volkov V. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University”, Russia, Tyumen, Belenkaya A. E. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University”, Russia, Tyumen
Published: September 2022

Modern agriculture needs new highly effi cient feed and feed additives. Sapropel is a type of finegrained and loose sediments rich in organic matter. The properties of sapropel and the sufficiently wide possibilities of its extraction make it an important natural resource that can be used mainly in agriculture. Sapropel and its processed products are environmentally safe, non-toxic, with a certain content of nutrients. Another important reason for studying sapropel is its widespread distribution and availability in freshwater reservoirs, which leads to the discovery of new ways of extraction and bioeconomically efficient use of this most valuable natural resource, available in economically significant amount with high opportunities for its use in animal husbandry. The purpose of the work was to analyze the use of sapropel as a source of nutrients in cattle feeding. In order to study the influence of sapropel on dairy productivity of cows, a scientifi c and economic experiment was carried out under the conditions of an educational and experimental farm of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University”. It was found as a result of the experiment that when using sapropel at the doses of 250 and 500 g/head/day, there was an increase in dairy productivity of cows. Thus, milk yield during the experiment period in the 1st experimental group increased by 1,48 % compared to the control group, and in the 2nd experimental group by 7,2 %, milk quality indicators also improved. Sapropel did not have a negative influence on the health of animals, which was confirmed by hematological indicators. Therefore, the use of sapropel in cattle feeding is effective.
ISLAMIC DEPOSIT INSURANCE SYSTEM: THE EVIDENCE OF MALAYSIA
Authors: Nagimova Almira Z.
Published: September 2022

The article discusses a model for protecting Shariah-comliant investors by creating an Islamic deposit insurance system that built into the traditional financial system. In particular, the article is aimed to identify the architecture and principles of such a system in Malaysia. A qualitative approach that based on primary and secondary data obtained using the methods of in-depth expert interviews, content analysis, case studies and literature review has been applied. The results of this study will be useful to participants and organizers of the Islamic finance market, as they allow to identify important details that help launch the Islamic deposit insurance system in the post-Soviet area. This study can also be used in the educational process as a reference material on Islamic financial practices that have developed in the world.
RUSSIAN EDUCATION IN THE FIELD OF ECONOMIC THEORY: AN UPDATE IS NEEDED
Authors: Buzgalin Aleksandr V. , Glazyev Sergei Yu.
Published: September 2022

The article argues the conclusion about the need to reform the education system in the field of economic theory. The reason for this is both the general problems known for many decades of reducing this field of teaching to courses in micro- and macroeconomics with some additions, and new circumstances — profound changes in economic life in the world in general and in Russia in particular. The authors show that the beginning of qualitative changes in technology, the aggravation of global problems and geopolitical confrontations necessitated transformations in the space of economic relations and institutions. The still dominant model of late capitalism is in crisis, which is recognized not only by critics, but also by adherents of this system (in particular, the leaders of the Davos Forum). In the Russian Federation, the changes in economic life are even more profound. In these conditions, fundamental economic education is necessary, which adequately reflects the changes taking place, preparing entrepreneurs, civil servants, households to make decisions in new conditions. Based on neoclassical postulates, micro- and macroeconomic theory, even if supplemented by developments in behavioral economics and new institutionalism, cannot fully reflect new phenomena. Meanwhile, at present, the teaching of economic theory is reduced to these courses, although there are important exceptions (courses, textbooks in China, Russia, the USA, Europe) that show the fruitfulness of a different model of teaching economic theory, which includes not only neoclassics. The article concludes with a system of concrete proposals for the restructuring of the education system in the field of economic theory in Russia.
Sete poemas e um conto de Hofmannsthal
Authors: Vidal Filho Fernando
Published: September 2022

Hugo von Hofmannsthal (1874-1929): uma breve apresentação
Traduções:
Início de primavera (1892)
Tercetos (1895/1896)
Segredo do mundo (1896)
Balada da vida exterior (1896)
Existem aqueles (1896)
Dois (1896)
O teu semblante estava pleno de sonhos (1896)Os caminhos e os encontros
Discovery of Muscle-Tendon Progenitor Subpopulation in Human Myotendinous Junction at Single-Cell Resolution
Authors: Yan Ruojin , Zhang Hong , Ma Yuanzhu , Lin Ruifu , Zhou Bo , Zhang Tao , Fan Chunmei , Zhang Yuxiang , Wang Zetao , Fang Tianshun , Yin Zi , Cai Youzhi , Ouyang Hongwei , Chen Xiao
Published: September 2022

The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is a complex and special anatomical area that connects muscles and tendons, and it is also the key to repairing tendons. Nevertheless, the anatomical structure and connection structure of MTJ, the cluster and distribution of cells, and which cells are involved in repairing the tissue are still unclear. Here, we analyzed the cell subtype distribution and function of human MTJ at single-cell level. We identified four main subtypes, including stem cell, muscle, tendon, and muscle-tendon progenitor cells (MTP). The MTP subpopulation, which remains the characteristics of stem cells and also expresses muscle and tendon marker genes simultaneously, may have the potential for bidirectional differentiation. We also found the muscle-tendon progenitor cells were distributed in the shape of a transparent goblet; muscle cells first connect to the MTP and then to the tendon. And after being transplanted in the MTJ injury model, MTP exhibited strong regenerative capability. Finally, we also demonstrated the importance of mTOR signaling for MTP maintenance by
in vitro
addition of rapamycin and
in vivo
validation using mTOR-ko mice. Our research conducted a comprehensive analysis of the heterogeneity of myotendinous junction, discovered a special cluster called MTP, provided new insights into the biological significance of myotendinous junction, and laid the foundation for future research on myotendinous junction regeneration and restoration.
REDUCTION OF DIESEL VEHICLE EMISSIONS USING SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION (SCR) SYSTEM
Authors: Korablev R. , Belokurov V. , Stasyuk Vladimir
Published: September 2022

The article discusses new technologies and research that automakers are conducting to reduce these emissions. The method of selective catalytic neutralization (SCR), which is the most advanced technology used to limit the amount of harmful nitrogen oxides in diesel vehicles, is analyzed, the necessary conditions for minimizing the amount of nitrogen oxide and chemical reactions are explained. The advantages and disadvantages of the SCR system in comparison with other technologies are considered, as well as the features of its adaptation to vehicles are discussed.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Model Online Driver Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Laju Reaksi
Authors: Kupang Sri Revayana , Bialangi Nurhayati , Suleman Nita , Kilo Akram La , Kilo Jafar La , Kilo Ahmad Kadir
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran model online driver terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Bintauna. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode pra-eksperimen dengan design one group pretest-posttest. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI MIA 2 di SMA Negeri 1 Bintauna pada semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2021/2022 yang berjumlah 34 siswa. Penelitian ini, diberikan perlakuan pembelajaran kimia melalui pembelajar model online driver , kemudian diberikan pretest dan posttest pada kelas tersebut yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pemahaman siswa dengan diberikan tes objektif sebanyak 15 butir soal pada materi laju reaksi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran model online driver pada siswa terdapat pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Ini dibuktikan dengan nilai rata-rata pada pretest sebelum perlakuan 29,80 dan pada posttest setelah diberikan perlakuan mencapai 68,16. Dengan perhitungan uji N-Gain 0,542. Penelitian ini guru diharapkan dapat menerapkan pembelajaran model online driver dalam pembelajaran sebagai variasi metode mengajar.
أثر برنامج تعليمي مقترح قائم على التعلم النشط في تنمية مهارات التفكير الإبداعي لدى طلاب الصف السابع الأساسي في الأردن
Authors: Khamees Madian
Published: September 2022

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى الكشف عن أثر برنامج تعليمي مقترح قائم على التعلم النشط في تنمية مهارات التفكير الإبداعي لدى طلاب الصف السابع الأساسي في الأردن. واعتمدت الدراسة المنهج شبه التجريبي القائم على تصميم المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة، وتمثلت أداة الدراسة بمقياس التفكير الإبداعي الذي طوره الباحث، وتم التأكد من صدقه وثباته بالطرق الإحصائية المناسبة، وقد بلغ عدد أفراد الدراسة (68) طالبًا من طلاب الصف السابع الأساسي بمدرسة عبد اللطيف عابدين الأساسية في لواء ماركا، تم اختيارهم بطريقة متيسرة، وكانت إحداهما تجريبية (34) طالبا درست وحدتي" التمديدات الكهربائية المنزلية" والتوعية المرورية" باستخدام البرنامج التعليمي المقترح القائم على التعلم النشط، والأخرى ضابطة (34) درست نفس الوحدتين بالطريقة الاعتيادية وقد طبق مقياس التفكير الإبداعي قبليا وبعديا على المجموعتين وتوصلت النتائج إلى وجود فرق دال إحصائيا عند مستوى الدلالة (α= 0.05) بين متوسطي درجات المجموعة التجريبية ودرجات المجموعة الضابطة في التطبيق البعدي لمقياس التفكير الإبداعي، وذلك لصالح المجموعة التجريبية، وقد خرجت الدراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات أبرزها: توظيف استراتيجيات التعلم النشط في تدريس مبحث التربية المهنية.

الكلمات المفتاحية: برنامج تعليمي مقترح قائم على التعلم النشط، مهارات التفكير الإبداعي.