bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIFFERENCES IN CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES’ PREFERENCES IN MAKING BID/NO BID DECISIONS
Authors: Akalp Duygu , Ozbek Mehmet Egemen
Published: February 2020

In today’s competitive business environment, bid/no bid decision is crucial for a construction company, as poorly made bidding decisions can have bad consequences. Given the fact that longevity of construction companies partly depends on how they make bidding decisions, determining the key factors for bid/no bid decisions has been the topic of research since mid-1950s. However, there is not much literature on how much value/weight different construction companies put on those factors, and more specifically if there are differences between different companies’ valuation of those factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate how differently the construction companies in the United States (US) value the key factors that are commonly utilized to make bid/no bid decisions. For this purpose, first, 14 key factors were determined based on the literature. Then, a survey instrument was sent to the US construction companies with different demographics such as size, revenue, sector, etc. to gather data to determine the values/weights they assign to those factors. For this, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used. AHP enabled pairwise comparisons to be made between the key factors that affect bidding decisions to deal with the complex relationships among those key factors. As a result of the AHP process, the weights for the key factors for bid/no bid decisions were determined for each company. The AHP results were combined with the demographic data of the construction companies and Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted to identify whether there is a statistically significant difference between the weight of importance of the key factors based on the contractor type, contractor sector and contractor size. The preliminary results showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the general contractors and subcontractors for weighing the importance of the owner identity key factor. Another significant difference was found within the contractor sector in the determination of the weight of importance of the project type key factor.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MOLTEN SALTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE IN SOLAR POWER STATIONS
Authors: Ladkany Samaan G. , Culbreth William G. , Loyd Nathan
Published: February 2020

Molten salts (MS) in the 580°C range could be used to store excess energy from solar power stations and possibly from nuclear or coal. The energy can be stored up to a week in large containers at elevated temperature to generate eight hours of electricity to be used at night or during peak demand hours. This helps to reduce the fluctuation experienced at thermal solar power stations due to weather conditions. Our research supported by Office of Naval Research (ONR), presents a survey of salts to be used in molten salt technology. The physical characteristics of these salts such as density, melting temperature, viscosity, electric conductivity, surface tension, thermal capacity and cost are discussed. Cost is extremely important given the large volumes of salt required for energy storage at a commercial power station. Formulas are presented showing the amount of salt needed per required megawatts of stored energy depending on the type of salt. The estimated cost and the size of tanks required and the operating temperatures are presented. Recommendations are made regarding the most efficient type of molten salt to use. Commercial thermal solar power stations have been constructed in the US and overseas mainly in Spain for which molten salt is being considered. A field of flat mirrors together with collection towers are used in some designs and parabolic troughs used in others.
REASONING ON IMPLEMENTATION OF FROST PROTECTED SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
Authors: Ozola Lilita , Andersons Guntis
Published: February 2020

Implementation of frost protected shallow foundations (with insulation) in frost susceptible soils in the areas of the Baltic region is an item under discussion. A design method recommended by EN ISO 13793 has been applied. The design base is the EN 1997-1 which includes conditions and valid climatic data for the localities in the Republic of Latvia. The study contains the results of external air temperature data processing from the last 70 years, and consequently a determination of a freezing index value, and moreover pointing out the variation depending on the reference period taken. Results of temperature data processing for decades of winter seasons testify that quite distinctive frost protection levels may be defined for shallow foundation design parameters depending on the number of frost seasons sampled. The specific design results were obtained for eccentrically loaded columnar spread foundations of an unheated building insulated to reduce heat loss from the soil below the foundations keeping the subgrade soil unfrozen. As a result of the research the conclusion about the benefits expected has been presented, based on the comparison of concrete consumption and soil excavation volumes from different localities in Latvia. It has been concluded that the cost effectiveness of heated foundations correlates closely with the type of frost-heaving soil. Use of frost protected shallow foundations in clayey soils leads to an increase of ground volume to be excavated and filled back, and concrete consumption for foundations decreases. In silty sand soils, if the required foundation depth is less than some definite level, both reductions may be achieved by shifting the ground, and in concrete consumption as well.
REPAIR OF CORRODED RC BEAMS
Authors: Al-Akhras Nabil , Al-Kutti Walid , Aljaber Abdulaziz
Published: February 2020

Twelve prototype rectangular RC beams (120 x 150 x 1000 mm) were constructed and evaluated using flexural test to investigate the employment of advanced composites in repairing corroded reinforced concrete (RC) beams. Three concrete mixtures with effective w/c ratio of 0.4 and cement content of 370 kg/m3 were utilized in the study: control ordinary Portland cement concrete, silica fume (SF) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) concrete mixes. The RC beams (reinforced with two steel bars having diameter of 12 mm) were immersed (after 28 days of curing) in 2.5% NaCl solution and exposed to accelerated corrosion process using impressed electrical current. The corroded RC beams were repaired using advanced composite of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. The CFRP sheets measuring 300-mm width by 0.131-mm thickness were used to rehabilitate and restore the mechanical behavior of the corroded and damaged RC beams. The investigation results confirmed that the corrosion of steel reinforcement caused significant deterioration and reduction of flexural capacity. The corroded SF and GGBFS beams showed higher flexural capacity compared to the corroded OPC beams. The repaired SF and GGBFS beams showed higher ductility and performance gain in the flexural capacity compared to the repaired OPC beams.
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WOODEN FIVE-STORIED BUDDHIST PAGODAS AND THE APPLICATION TO THE MODERN “TOKYO SKY TREE” ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Harada Keimi
Published: February 2020

Definition of Five Storied Pagoda: A five-storied pagoda is a symbolic tomb of Buddha. When Buddhism was introduced into Japan in 538, a five-storied pagoda became one of the important components of temple complexes. Present Situations of Wooden Five-storied Pagoda: There are 22 wooden five-storied pagodas in Japan. The oldest is the one in Horyuji Temple built in 710. The tallest is the one in Toji Temple with the height of 54.8 m. The shortest is the one in Murooji Temple with height of 16 m. Structural Characteristics: There is no historical record that five-storied pagoda was destroyed by an earthquake. A contributory factor is that no nail is used but carved holes or grooves in each of wooden pieces interdigitate precisely to form a structure. Another key factor is “A Central column (Shin-bashira)”, an important wooden structural component almost 30 m long. There was no theoretical principle. A Central column is effective against an earthquake and it has been regarded to absorb the earthquake energy. Thirdly, five-storied pagoda interior space is effective to control structural deformation and shake of pagoda. The first theoretical analysis was done by 1/5 scale model in 2006 that proved the role of “Central column”. Application to the Modern Technology: There are two cases presently. One is Marubiru Office building 178.5 m high built in 2002 and another is Tokyo Sky Tree, a telecommunication tower 634 m high built in 2012. Those structural design was influenced by a pagoda’s central column as a vibration damping tool.
BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING AND FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF DELAY AND DISRUPTION
Authors: Valavanoglou Ageliki , Heck Detlef
Published: February 2020

Delay and Disruption is a common occurrence in construction projects. The challenges of forensic schedule analysis and the evaluation of the extent of project delay increase with the degree of complexity of a project. The occurrence of multiple concurrent delays, secondary effects and the cumulative impact of delay and disruption events can render the establishment of entitlement to extension of time and reimbursement a difficult task. In order for the claiming party to receive compensation for project delay and disruption, causation, liability and quantum have to be demonstrated and proven. Advances in technology have made a shift from conventional delay analysis methods towards delay and disruption analysis supported by Building Information Models possible. Research and application of Building Information Models has increased in recent years, exploring information coordination on multiple dimensions. Linking the fourth dimension of time to a 3D model enables the user to visualize a representation of the construction process. The application of 4D simulation in forensic schedule analysis is a great tool for the visualization of delay events and their effects on the project schedule and the construction process. Although 4D Building Information Models are able to assist forensic schedule analysis, the identification of the cause and effect relationship of delay events of complex construction works, requires an expert who is not only familiar with the software tools but has also experience in delay analysis and is able to clearly determine the accuracy of the produced data. 4D Building Information Models can simulate a high level of project performance, producing great quantities of data. The role of the delay analyst is to identify the relevant facts from the great quantities of data simulated in the 4D model, in order to support his findings of entitlement, causation and resulting damages. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of 4D Building Information Modelling in delay and disruption claims and outline the expertise required to perform the forensic schedule analysis.
THE EFFECTS OF VISUAL STABILITY INDEX ON FRESH AND HARDENED PROPERTIES OF SELF CONSOLIDATING CONCRETE UNDER ACCELERATED CURING
Authors: Khalafalla Mohamed , Owino Joseph
Published: February 2020

Self-consolidating concrete, also known as self-compacting concrete (SCC), is a highly flowable concrete that spreads into place and fills formwork without the need for mechanical vibration. SCC reduces the time and labor cost needed for concrete placement. This study is part of the proposed project by Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) carried out by University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (UTC) to develop four new SCC mixtures (two Class P-SCC (precast) and two Class A-SCC (general use), and insure they meet the minimum strength and durability requirements for TDOT Class P and Class A mixtures. The objectives of the study are to analyze effects of visual stability index (VSI) on both fresh and hardened properties of Class PSCC concrete under the accelerated curing condition. In addition, the relationship between VSI and fresh segregation of SCC is investigated. A total of 24 concrete mixtures varying in VSI values were produced for the study. Different sizes of coarse aggregates materials were used during the mixing process, as well as different kinds of sands. A number of fresh and hardened properties tests were performed on the concrete mixtures to assess the performance of the mixes. The SURE CURE system is used to accelerate the curing process of the concrete. Finally, the results of this study are analyzed according to the coarse aggregate sizes and evaluated to recommend performance specifications for Class P-SCC for TDOT adoption of SCC standard operating procedures of the precast elements.
THE USE OF POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS AGAINST PLASTIC SHRINKAGE CRACKING
Authors: Turkmenoglu Hasan Nuri , Atahan Hakan Nuri , Sengul Cengiz
Published: February 2020

Plastic shrinkage cracking (PShC) occurs within a few hours after fresh concrete formed into the molds and it takes part on the surface of the concrete. When concrete formed into the molds, the aggregates settle because of the gravity and in contrast, water bleeds. If the rate of evaporation is higher than the rate of bleeding, surface of concrete starts to shrink. However, under the surface, the fresh concrete cannot shrink as much as the surface. Because of this condition, cracking occurs on the surface of concrete. In this respect, the quantity of PShC majorly depends on the temperature of concrete, temperature of air, rate of relative humidity and the wind velocity. Use of short fibers in concrete is one of the most effective ways to prevent concrete from PShC. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of polypropylene fibers having different geometries and content on PShC. For this purpose, the principles of ASTM C 1579 standard was considered. Results have shown that the use of polypropylene fibers in limiting PShC is obvious. Moreover, fibrillated fibers has shown better performance than monofilament fibers.
EFFECTS OF ALTERNATIVE AGGREGATES ON CONCRETE STRENGTH
Authors: Ionescu Daniela , Petrolito Joe , Forrest John , German Samuel , Pinnuck Sam
Published: February 2020

Worldwide, large quantities of solid waste are generated by construction and demolition (C&D) activities and the car industry. At the same time, the availability of landfill space is diminishing, and most industrialized nations are actively promoting recycling procedures to reduce the amount of waste going to landfill. Governments have also set up regulatory bodies to provide standards and protocols for these procedures. Environmental benefits and reduced concrete production costs are some of the advantages of using recycled materials. Given these worldwide trends, it is essential to consider recycling some of the solid waste from the construction industry and used tires from the car industry to supplement natural aggregates in the production of concrete for the construction industry. This papers discusses the on-going research at La Trobe University on the use of recycled aggregates such as crushed concrete, crushed brick and rubber chips in the production of concrete. The effects of partial or total replacement of normal-weight aggregates with recycled aggregates on the strength of concrete were investigated. Different types and proportions of aggregate replacements were studied to establish which protocols provided the best options. It was found that concrete mixes produced with recycled aggregates produced acceptable concrete with reduced production costs.
YIELD SURFACE SHAPE ESTIMATED BY USING NATURAL STRAIN UNDER PRE-DEFORMATION OF TENSION AFTER SIMPLE SHEAR
Authors: Kato Yasuyuki
Published: February 2020

Since the rigid body rotation can be clearly removed from the shearing strain component, and the additive law of strain can be satisfied, the Natural Strain is effective strain representation for expressing the stress-strain behavior under large elasto-plastic deformation. Based on the Natural Strain theory, the purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of development of anisotropy in the yield surface that occurs with the progression of deformation by examining the shape of yield surface obtained under large deformation. In our previous studies, using test pieces that the large pre-deformation of uniaxial tension, simple shear and the proportional loading of them are applied, proportional loading tests are carried out again by changing the ratio of tension and shear. In the present paper, another type of the pre-deformation that the deformation path is different but the final deformation state is the same as the predeformation of proportional loading of tension and shear, is chosen as the subject of this study. In particular, the deformation history of tension after simple shear is examined in this study. Then, the relationship between the development of anisotropy in yield surface and the deformation history is revealed in this paper.
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF LARGE CONSTRUCION COMPANIES
Authors: Devito Antonio , Arditi David , Gottfried Arie
Published: February 2020

Stringent budget constraints and the need to build infrastructures have resulted in Public–Private Partnerships (PPP) being acknowledged as a desirable delivery/financing system for public projects. A PPP is an agreement between a public agency and a private consortium that allows the financing, design, construction, and operation of large scale infrastructure. While the public agency can be a single government department (e.g., a highway department), the private consortium is composed of several parties including contractors, designers, financial institutions, and other investors. The party that plays a critical role in the consortium is typically a large construction company. Various researchers have identified some of the critical factors that affect the success of a PPP, but only few studies have undertaken a comprehensive examination of financial issues. This paper aims to fill this research gap by analyzing information collected from large construction companies pertaining to financial issues. A structured questionnaire survey was administered to the largest 190 international construction companies listed by Engineering News–Record to investigate the relative significance of 19 financial issues that were identified in a thorough review of the literature. The findings indicate that factors such as inappropriate financial analysis, a low rate of return, and long delays in reaching financial closure have a high impact on the success of PPPs. Moreover, the public agency’s tendency for corruption and the private consortium’s weak financial standing can also undermine the financial strength of the arrangement. The findings can be used by all participants in PPPs to evaluate the financial issues in such projects.
A BAYESIAN-BASED MODEL FOR ALLOCATING CONTINGENCY TO A PORTFOLIO OF CORRELATED CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Authors: Bakhshi Payam , Touran Ali
Published: February 2020

Despite the availability of various probabilistic and non-probabilistic methods for determining budget contingency, still many large capital projects are suffering from cost overrun. Furthermore, most of the effort has been concentrated on calculation of contingency for a single project rather than a group of projects. This paper introduces a new Bayesian-based model for allocating contingency budget to a portfolio of correlated construction projects. The proposed model enables an owner agency to define the individual project confidence level for contingency calculation taking into account the portfolio budget and the desired portfolio confidence level. The model recognizes the correlation between each pair of projects in the portfolio and calculates the required increase in budget in such a way to ensure adequate budgets with respect to individual projects and the portfolio. Using the information from newly completed projects, the Bayesian technique can be used to update the model parameters periodically so that more accurate contingency budget can be established for the portfolio. A numerical example is presented to show the application of the model on a portfolio of transit projects. The proposed model can be employed as an effective tool for the owner agencies in charge of funding a group of projects every year.
LINEAR AND NONLINEAR THERMOELASTIC ANALYSES OF BEAMS UNDER TEMPERATURE GRADIENT
Authors: Pi Yong-Lin , Bradford Mark Andrew
Published: February 2020

In a structure, beams are often connected with other members such as columns, which provide considerable restraints against the rotation and extension of the beam ends. When a beam is subjected to an in-plane temperature gradient field, the temperature gradient tends to change the curvature of the beam in the transverse direction and expand the beam in the axial direction. The restrained actions will produce bending moments and compressive forces in the beam, which increase with an increase of the temperature differential and average temperature of the temperature gradient field. When these actions reach critical values, the elastically restrained beam may bifurcate from its primary in-plane equilibrium state to a lateral-torsional buckled equilibrium configuration. This paper carries out linear and nonlinear thermoelastic analyses of an elastically restrained beam of doubly symmetric open thin-walled cross-section that is subjected to a linear temperature gradient field over its cross-section. It is found that geometric nonlinearity influences the thermoelastic responses of the beam to the temperature changes significantly. The influence decreases with an increase of the stiffness of the elastic restraints.
EMBODIED CARBON EFFICIENT INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS WITH OPTIMIZED LONG SPAN SANDWICH PANELS
Authors: Heywood Martin D. , Moutaftsis Dimitrios , Ogden Raymond G.
Published: February 2020

A series of studies have been undertaken to quantify potential steelwork and embodied carbon savings in single-storey industrial buildings with long span sandwich panel roof cladding. It was found that trussed-roof frames with north lights offer the greatest potential steelwork saving (38%-60%) against traditional portal frame construction when used with long span panels. However, in order to achieve the necessary span between adjacent frames, the structural performance of the sandwich panels needed to be improved. A subsequent study was undertaken to develop revised specifications for long span roof sandwich panels to increase their spanning capability, while minimizing the increase in embodied carbon. The mechanical resistance of the panels was evaluated using a combination of theoretical analysis and structural testing and a Pareto-optimal set of solutions was found. Finally, the optimized structure-envelope assembly was reviewed holistically in terms of its embodied carbon. The results showed that savings of up to 7.3% may be achieved for the frame when compared against traditional portal frame construction.
IDENTIFICATION OF BARRIERS THAT HINDER THE EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF BUILDING ENERGY CODES
Authors: Edalat Mohammad Danesh , Mortaheb Mohammad Mehdi , Kashani Hamed
Published: February 2020

In response to the growing energy consumption levels in buildings, many countries have introduced standards and codes aimed at reducing their national building energy consumption and managing the amount of emissions. Title 19 of Iran’s National Building Regulation (NBR) was first introduced in 1991. It was projected that Title 19 can lead to a 30 to 50% reduction in building energy consumption in the country. Nevertheless, evidence suggests that the introduction of Title 19 NBR has not led to substantial saving in building energy consumption. Unlike Title 19 NBR, similar standards in other countries have proven to be very effective in reducing the building energy consumption levels. For instance, it is believed that the implementation of Title 24 of California’s Building Energy Efficiency Standards has led to $66 billion dollars of energy savings over the past 35 years. The objective of this study is to utilize content analysis and experts’ opinion in order to identify and categorize the barriers that hinder the effective implementation of Title 19 NBR in Iran. The contribution of this study to the state of knowledge is the identification of barriers that could hinder the effective implementation of building energy codes.
EXAMINATION OF USE OF WATER AND SOIL RESOURCES IN TERMS OF URBAN SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Gulbahar Necati , Kanli Imam Bakir , Odabasi Didem
Published: February 2020

Cities are the organization of “collective consumption” and of welfare delivery and are the major consumers of renewable and non-renewable resources. The rapid urbanization process and its chaotic problems such as drastic urbanization and ecological challenges have been phenomenal. As the population rapidly rises in the world, the requirements for water resources also increase for various reasons at the same time. On the other hand, global warming, greenhouse effect and degradation of forests make worse the situation. However, these negative consequences show how we are going to face the tragic problems for the next two or three decades. While the term of sustainability is defined and connected only with the environment now it is explained with a comprehensive term undertaking not only the environment but also the social, economic, cultural and governance aspects of cities. Sustainability has been discussed at various meetings for years such as the UN meeting “the Earth Summit” which took place in Rio in 1992 and emphasized that cities should be liveable in terms of costs, social equity and the ecology, which are the three major principles of sustainable development, but concrete and applicable results have not been achieved yet. In this study use of basic resources in particular water and soil will be analysed and examined based on sustainability and its major components such as economic, sociologic, ecologic within the limits of the paper. The study will also be evaluated through the balance of protection and use of resources considering certain samples in the context of Marmara Watershed in Turkey and Istanbul in particular. Literature reviews, quantitative and qualitative information, reports prepared by the institutions, statistics, and observations have been chosen and used as the method. Solutions and proposals will also be suggested based on the findings.
VALUE ORIENTED PROJECT DEVELOPMENT – EFFECTS OF AN EARLY INTEGRATION OF STAKEHOLDERS TO THE VALUE OF PROPERTIES
Authors: Harrer Edwin
Published: February 2020

Since the beginning of the 1990s there can be watched some mayor changes at the European real estate market. One of them is the tendentiously saturated market, which leads to much higher user requirements and have essential influences on the design of real estate properties. In the future, it is necessary that the design of durable asset properties is suitable for short-changing user requirements. As that, the variability of properties, with the aim of a long-term marketability, will also be a very significant factor to use properties as security for loans. The changings above result in increasingly complex buildings. The rapid advancement in technology and with it the adjustments of norms and regulations, require a quantity of professional disciplines and special knowledge. To that, the number of project participants increases rapidly. Financiers and builders, who usually have little or no expertise in the management of construction projects, are mostly overtaxed. Its overarching objective is the completed building, which correspond to the desired user requirements and deliver the anticipated rate of return. Consequently, the question arises whether the conventional workflow at real estate project development, which is marked by a sequentially participation of the stakeholders, can fulfill these requirements. Or is it more purposeful to put some incentives on the stakeholders and gather them to operate parallel in earlier project phases. From this initial position, the hypothesis is deduced, that the application of an integrated workflow in project development affects the value of real estate properties. The research should give an answer to the questions: firstly, whether the model of an early integration of the participants at real estate project development is suitable to increase the value of properties and secondly, what relative difference of the asset value is between a conventional process and an integrated process model.
ANALISIS SPASIAL KEMISKINAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION: STUDI KASUS KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG DAN LEBAK
Authors: Sukanto S , Juanda Bambang , Fauzi Akhmad , Mulatsih Sri
Published: February 2020

Poverty is the main problem both at the national and regional development.  Existing poverty alleviation programs have not paid attention to the spatial aspect. Thus the policies are often poorly targeted. This study aims to find spatial patterns of poverty in Pandeglang and Lebak districts. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) is used to analyze the poverty data in 2016. Based on the analysis, positive spatial autocorrelation is found and clustered in 25 sub-districts. Net enrollment rates tend to reduce poverty in all sub-districts. Meanwhile, village funds, electricity, and roads tend to reduce poverty rates in more than 80% of sub-districts. Independent variables have a different response in each sub-district. Therefore, the poverty alleviation program of each sub-district is adjusting to its influencing factor.
URGENSI KEBIJAKAN REKLAMASI PANTAI UTARA DKI JAKARTA DAN DAMPAK YANG DITIMBULKAN
Authors: Harahap Insan Harapan , Suryana Nana
Published: February 2020

Controversy related to the reclamation policy of the DKI Jakarta’s North Coast is endless. Its reclamation policy is reputed inappropriate with the prevail procedure, its policy becomes a fighting zone between authority and entrepreneur, beside them bribe cases and corruption was shown covering its reclamation policy of DKI Jakarta’s North Coast. Therefore, writer tried to explain whose the actor belongs to its reclamation project. This research will be descriptive, which the data and information’s used in this research contains of documentation studies and interview with the related institution whose has relation with the reclamation project of DKI Jakarta’s North Coast. The result of this research will be concluded that the reclamation project of DKI Jakarta’s North Coast has a positive and negative impact. This reclamation project can not only solve the existing problems, instead of creating new problems associated with adverse environmental impacts. In addition, the reclamation project disrupted the livelihood of fishermen in the North Coastal area of DKI Jakarta.
SUSTAINABILITY LEVEL OF DENSELY POPULATED AREA: JATIMULYO URBAN COMMUNITIES, LOWOKWARU DISTRICT, MALANG CITY
Authors: Haryani S
Published: February 2020

Large cities still peak the interests of some Indonesian society. Big city development as the center of economic activity is a powerful pull for society, influencing high workforce from both inside and outside of the city, causing a strong current of urbanization. One main problem that always accompanies urban areas development is density population. Urbanization has caused a very rapid explosion in the city population; one implication is the clumping workforce in large Indonesian cities. The high number of people who choose to settle in the city increase the number of both legal and illegal settlements. In the high-density settlement, many houses are not liveable and irregular. The densely populated settlements find many houses unfit for habitation and irregular. The research aims to formulate the sustainability level of Urban communities, Lowokwaru District, Malang City using quantitative method through sustainability level calculation. Jatimulyo Urban Communities is measured by the sustainability criteria of density, diversity, mixed-use, and compactness to formulate the related sustainable urban spatial structure. Interpretation of the calculation results references similar research. The calculation result shows that Jatimulyo Urban Communities is included in the moderate sustainability level, where density is moderate (101.1-200 people/ha), has a moderate building density (20-40 buildings/ha), has a random diversity level (1.0) and an entropy index (0.51), and compactness is near perfect inequality (Gini Coefficient 0.99).
PURE POLITICKING! RACIALISED BLAME GAMES AND MORAL PANIC IN THE CASE OF A SOUTH AFRICAN HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: CONRADIE MARTHINUS STANDER
Published: February 2020

This study combines two discourse analytic frameworks, and explores the utility of this combination for unpacking journalistic opinions written in response to a polarising and racialised event in South African education: the Overvaal High School incident. It uncovers strategic constructions of racism within politicised blame games, in the context of Overvaal, and discloses how blame-assertion and blame-denial became implicated in framings of moral panic.

Methodologically, this study relies on the concept race trouble, as well as a practical model of argumentation. In conjunction, these two approaches supply insight into both the calculated construction of racism, as well as the incorporation of these constructions into arguments aimed at rationalising blame-assertion and blame-denial. The results are interpreted within theorisations of moral panic.

The findings showcase how arguments are produced to blame an individual politician for escalating racial antagonism around Overvaal, instead of offering a deeply historicised and contextualised account of the incident. Consequently, the arguments that shaped the opinion pieces, and the framing of racism involved in these arguments, ultimately obfuscate inquiry into structural determinants of racial inequity.

Implicitly, this framing of racism and its incorporation into argumentation and blame games, produce a form of moral panic, in which South Africans racialised as white are construed as embattled by self-serving (black) politicians. Such politicians are vilified, or rendered as folk devils, and the results indicate how this process evades penetrating analyses of racialisation and its intersection with unequal education.
Schnelle, verteilte Optimierungsmethoden und spieltheoretische Ansätze in vernetzten Systemen
Authors: Tatarenko Tatiana
Published: February 2020

Diese Arbeit bietet einen Überblick über Methoden, die verteilte und spieltheoretische Optimierungsprobleme in Multi-Agenten-Systemen lösen. Alle betrachteten Methoden basieren auf der Annahme, dass die kritischen Informationen im System auf die einzelnen Agenten verteilt sind und kein Agent Zugriff auf die Gesamtinformation besitzt. Jeder Agent kann allerdings Metadaten seiner lokalen Information seinen Nachbarn preisgeben, sodass ein gemeinsames Ziel erreicht werden kann. Die Nachbarschaften sind dabei durch einen Kommunikationsgraphen festgelegt. Der Fokus liegt daher auf kommunikationsbasierten Verfahren, die schnelle Konvergenzraten aufweisen. Dabei müssen die einzelnen Zielfunktionen der Agenten streng konvex und ihre Gradienten Lipschitz-stetig sein. In der Literatur wurden schnelle Methoden für die verteilte Optimierung bereits ausgiebig behandelt. Es bleiben jedoch viele offene Fragen im Bereich der spieltheoretischen Optimierung. Diese Arbeit verfolgt das Ziel, einen strukturierten Vergleich zwischen den bekannten Ergebnissen für diese Optimierungsprobleme zu schaffen und potentielle Richtungen für die zukünftige Forschung zu formulieren.
Automated driving for car manufacturers’ vehicle logistics
Authors: Wenning Marius , Kawollek Sebastian , Kampker Achim
Published: February 2020

Technical and legal challenges cause the implementation of Autonomous Driving in road traffic to still be a long way off. However, the introduction of driver assistance functions enables cars’ automation for low speeds already nowadays. The concept of Autonomous Transport (AT) combines automated driving with Automated Guided Vehicle’s technology. In this paper, we assess risks that emanate from AT and show fields of action for its implementation with respect to the standards for functional safety. We set up requirements for the reliability of cars’ electric power supply, actuators and sensors. Concepts for their cost-efficient fulfillment are derived. The realization of collision avoidance and navigation without additional attachments is discussed.
UFIR-Parameteridentifikation in Echtzeit
Authors: Siegl Steffen , Svaricek Ferdinand
Published: February 2020

In diesem Beitrag wird ein erwartungstreues Filter mit endlicher Impulsantwort (Unbiased Finite Impulse Response/UFIR) zur Systemidentifikation mittels Parameterschätzung verwendet. Dieses entspricht einem Least-Squares-Verfahren auf bewegtem Horizont (Receding Horizon Least Squares/RHLS) ohne die Verwendung von Anfangsbedingungen und mit optimaler Horizontlänge für eine minimale Schätzfehlerkovarianz in Gegenwart von Parameter- und Messrauschen. Eine Messdatensequenz, die ein „intelligenter Sensor“ mit einem Puffer generiert, wird von der Strecke über ein Netzwerk [basierend auf dem Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)] zum Parameterschätzer übertragen. Der Einfluss von stochastisch auftretenden Paketverlusten auf den bisher wenig zur Parameteridentifikation eingesetzten Schätzer wird untersucht. Konvergenz- und Stabilitätsbetrachtungen werden abgeleitet und an einem numerischen Beispiel erläutert.
Modifications of the Charged Balls Method
Authors: Abbasov Majid , Aliev Faramoz
Published: February 2020

The Charged Balls Method is based on physical ideas. It allows one to solve problem of finding the minimum distance from a point to a convex closed set with a smooth boundary, finding the minimum distance between two such sets and other problems of computational geometry. This paper proposes several new quick modifications of the method. These modifications are compared with the original Charged Ball Method as well as other optimization methods on a large number of randomly generated model problems.

We consider the problem of orthogonal projection of the origin onto an ellipsoid. The main aim is to illustrate the results of numerical experiments of Charged Balls Method and its modifications in comparison with other classical and special methods for the studied problem.
Compactness and hypercyclicity of co-analytic Toeplitz operators on de Branges-Rovnyak spaces
Authors: Alhajj Rim
Published: February 2020

We study the compactness and the hypercyclicity of Toeplitz operators

T

ϕ
¯

,
b

{T_{\bar \varphi ,b}}

with co-analytic and bounded symbols on de Branges-Rovnyak spaces ℋ(b). For the compactness of

T

ϕ
¯

,
b

{T_{\bar \varphi ,b}}

, we will see that the result depends on the boundary spectrum of b. We will prove that there are non trivial compact operators of the form

T

ϕ
¯

,
b

{T_{\bar \varphi ,b}}

, with ϕ ∈ H

∞
∩ C(𝕋), if and only if m(σ(b) ∩ 𝕋) = 0. We will also show that, when b is non-extreme, then

T

ϕ
¯

,
b

{T_{\bar \varphi ,b}}

is hypercyclic if and only if ϕ is non-constant and ϕ(𝔻) ∩ 𝕋 ≠ ∅.
Discrete-Time Fractional Order SIR Epidemic Model with Saturated Treatment Function
Authors: Abdelaziz Mahmoud A. M. , Izani Ismail Ahmad , Abdullah Farah A. , Hafiz Mohd Mohd
Published: February 2020

In this paper, a discrete-time fractional-order SIR epidemic model with saturated treatment function is investigated. The local asymptotic stability of the equilibrium points is analyzed and the threshold condition basic reproduction number is derived. Backward bifurcation is shown when the model possesses a stable disease-free equilibrium point and a stable endemic point coexisting together when the basic reproduction number is less than unity. It is also shown that when the treatment is partially effective, a transcritical bifurcation occurs at

ℜ

0

=
1

$\Re_{0}=1$

and reappears again when the effect of delayed treatment is getting stronger at

ℜ

0

<
1

$\Re_{0}<1$

. The analysis of backward and forward bifurcations associated with the transcritical, saddle-node, period-doubling and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations are discussed. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the complex dynamical behaviors of the model. By carrying out bifurcation analysis, it is shown that the delayed treatment parameter ε should be less than two critical values ε
1 and ε
2 so as to avoid

ℜ

0

$\Re_{0}$

belonging to the dangerous range

ℜ

0

,
1

$\left[ \Re_{0},1\right]$

. The results of the numerical simulations support the theoretical analysis.
Teachers as agents of transformative pedagogy: Critical reflexivity, activism and multilingual spaces through a continua of biliteracy lens
Authors: Manan Syed Abdul
Published: February 2020

Language policies and school practices in Pakistan continually perpetuate gaps between the traditionally less versus the traditionally more privileged languages. About 95% of students receive their primary and post-primary education in languages other than their L1. Drawing on the continua of biliteracy framework (Hornberger. 2003.Continua of biliteracy: An ecological framework for educational policy, research, and practice in multilingual settings. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters), this paper uses teachers’ experiential insights from upscale English-medium schools to show how they employ their critical reflexivity to resist the English-only school policy, and assert their agency to transform pedagogies into meaningful, contextualized, and multilingual modes. Theoretically, such agency and policy-from-below signifies that teachers/actors can creatively negotiate institutional/organizational policies creating substantive ideological and implementational spaces for multiple languages/cultures. Such initiatives also demonstrate that power is not always fixed in the hands of the few; rather critically conscious individuals can generate power to their own advantage. Teachers’ agency can effectively dismantle linguistic discrimination and undo the English-centric monolingualism. The reported opening of spaces for meaningful multilingual and contextualized voices carries useful lessons for those actors who might find their work settings limiting their agency and power. The study concludes that however minor the degree of agency and resistance may be in a particular context, these initiatives have the potential to transform normative perspectives about English and native/indigenous languages.
Crystal structure of bis(2-hydroxy-6-((phenylimino)methyl)phenolato-κ2
N,O)copper(II), C26H20CuN2O4
Authors: Olagboye Sulaiman A. , Yusuf Tunde L. , Oladipo Segun D. , Zamisa Sizwe J.
Published: February 2020

C26H20CuN2O4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 5.8633(1) Å, b = 12.2597(2) Å, c = 14.5517(3) Å, α = 82.960(1)°, β = 85.058(2)°, γ = 86.436(4)°, V = 1032.85(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0264, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0732, T = 100(2) K.
Сучасний стан реалізації принципу наступності у підготовці дітей дошкільного віку до навчання в школі
Authors: Marchii-Dmytrash Tamara
Published: February 2020

У статті обґрунтовано сучасний стан реалізації принципу наступності у підготовці дітей до навчання в школі. Акцентовано на важливості особистісного розвитку дитини, зосередженості навчально-виховного процесу на потребах її навчання і виховання. Конкретизовано і розмежовано поняття “підготовка до школи”, “готовність до школи” та “шкільна зрілість”. Визначено, що однією з важливих якостей педагога в контексті реалізації принципу наступності є вміння діагностувати – доброзичливо, цілеспрямовано, вибірково спостерігати за дитиною у різних видах діяльності, використовуючи індивідуальні навчальні, ігрові завдання, в яких будуть проявлятися специфічні риси її особистості (навчальні уміння, мотивація, витривалість, пам’ять, самоорганізація, креативний підхід до вирішення завдань), а також узагальнювати факти, нагро-маджувати й аналізувати дитячі роботи упродовж тривалого часу.
Формування функціональних компетенцій молодшого персоналу державної прикордонної служби України
Authors: Іshchenko Dmytro , Adamchuk Yuliia
Published: February 2020

У статті наведена характеристика та опис особливостей формування функціональних компетенцій молодшого персоналу Державної прикордонної служби України (ДПСУ) у процесі базової підготовки та підвищення кваліфікації в ході навчання у Головному центрі підготовки персоналу ДПСУ. Відповідні компетенції включають в себе базові компетенції, необхідні для усього масиву молодшого персоналу прикордонної служби та додаткові функціональні компетенції, які необхідні для виконання обов’язків на кожній окремій посаді. Майбутній перелік функціональних компетенцій містить їх визначення для кожної посади ДПСУ. Оскільки вони становлять основу для просування по службі, вони мають бути взаємопов’язаними таким чином, щоб оцінка забезпечувала бачення наскільки прикордонник буде відповідати компетенціям на іншій рівнозначній або на вищій посаді.
Використання інтерактивних технологій у підготовці майбутніх юристів
Authors: Miroshnychenko Valentyna
Published: February 2020

У статті обґрунтовано доцільність використання інтерактивних технологій у підготовці майбутніх юристів. Висвітлюються особливості традиційних та інноваційних педагогічних технологій. Метою інтерактивного навчання вважається створення педагогом умов навчання, за яких студент сам відкриватиме, здобуватиме й знання та здійснюватиме самопідготовку до професійної діяльності. Автором зазначено, що доцільність використання інтерактивних технологій у підготовці майбутніх юристів визначається специфічними особливостями цього процесу та вимогами, які пред’являє суспільство до професійних якостей фахівців-юристів. Серед методів вивчення юридичних дисциплін виокемлюється метод “групового обговорення”. Звертається увага, що використання методу “групового обговорення” відповідає головно-му призначенню процесу підготовки майбутніх юристів – розвитку самостійного юридичного мислення, комунікативних умінь та навичок, що є важливим для формування професіоналізму майбутнього юриста.
Професійна позиція майбутніх учителів початкових класів як науково-педагогічна проблема
Authors: Potapchuk Tetіana
Published: February 2020

У статті розглянуто процес формування професійної позиції майбутніх учителів початкових класів, який є найбільш складним і найменш розробленим як у теоретичному, так і в методичному аспектах, зважаючи на його домінуючу роль, на нашу думку, у вихованні життєво активних, гуманістично спрямованих громадян України.Однією з умов ефективного формування професійної позиції майбутніх учителів початкових класів є своєчасне виявлення домінуючих мотивів вибору професії, характеру відношення до обраної професії, можливостей та індивідуально-психологічних особли-востей кожного з фахівців, що дає змогу вдосконалити професійну підготовку, надавати інформацію про професійну діяльність, про можливості застосування набутих знань, умінь, професійних компетентностей, розкриваючи нові можливості для реалізації особистісного потенціалу особистості як майбутнього професіонала.