bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical Anatomy of the Uncinate Process and Transverse Foramen Determined by Computed Tomography
Authors: Park Moon Soo , Moon Seong-Hwan , Kim Tae-Hwan , Oh Jae Keun , Jung Jae Kyun , Kim Hyung Joon , Riew K. Daniel
Published: April 2015

Study Design

Computed tomography–based cohort study.

Objective

Although there are publications concerning the relationship between the vertebral artery and uncinate process, there is no practical guide detailing the dimensions of this region to use during decompression of the intervertebral foramen. The purpose of this study is to determine the anatomic parameters that can be used as a guide for thorough decompression of the intervertebral foramen.

Methods

Fifty-one patients with three-dimensional computed tomography scans of the cervical spine from 2003 to 2012 were included. On axial views, we measured the distance from the midline to the medial and lateral cortices of the pedicle bilaterally from C3 to C7. On coronal reconstructed views, we measured the minimum height of the uncinate process from the cranial cortex of the pedicle adjacent to the posterior cortex of vertebral body and the maximal height of the uncinate process from the cranial cortex of the pedicle at the midportion of the vertebral body bilaterally from C3 to C7.

Results

The mean distances from midline to the medial and lateral cortices of the pedicle were 10.1 ± 1.3 mm and 13.9 ± 1.5 mm, respectively. The mean minimum height of the uncinate process from the cranial cortex of the pedicle was 4.6 ± 1.6 mm and the mean maximal height was 6.1 ± 1.7 mm.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that in most cases, one can thoroughly decompress the intervertebral foramen by removing the uncinate out to 13 mm laterally from the midline and 4 mm above the pedicle without violating the transverse foramen.
Dynamics deep from the core
Authors: Carbone F.
Published: April 2015

In van der Veen et al., [Struct. Dyn. 2, 024302 (2015)], femtosecond and nanosecond electron energy loss spectroscopy of deep core-levels are demonstrated. These results pave the way to the investigation of materials and molecules with combined energy, time, and spatial resolution in a transmission electron microscope. Furthermore, the authors elucidate the role of the electron phonon coupling in the band-gap renormalization that takes place in graphite upon photo-excitation.
Further insight into the tunneling contribution to the vibrational relaxation of NO in Ar
Authors: Dashevskaya E. I. , Litvin I. , Nikitin E. E. , Troe J.
Published: April 2015

Tunneling corrections to Landau-Zener rate coefficients for the vibrational relaxation NO(X2Π, v = 1) + Ar → NO(X2Π, v = 0) + Ar between 300 and 2000 K are determined employing ab initio potential energy surfaces calculated by the code provided by Alexander [J. Chem. Phys. 111, 7426 (1999)]. The calculations use a reaction coordinate approach and lead to vibronically nonadiabatic transition probabilities within the generalized Airy approximation as extended to the WKB underbarrier Landau-Lifshitz limit. The calculations confirm experimental evidence for an onset of major tunneling contributions to the relaxation rate at temperatures below about 900 K and rationalize large tunneling contributions at 300 K. These effects increase the rate coefficients by several orders of magnitude over the uncorrected Landau-Zener values and remove the large gap between the latter and experimental results.
State diagram of magnetostatic coupling phase-locked spin-torque oscillators
Authors: Zhang Mengwei , Wang Longze , Wei Dan , Gao Kai-Zhong
Published: April 2015

The state diagram of magnetostatic coupling phase-locked spin torque oscillator (STO) with perpendicular reference layer and planar field generation layer (FGL) is studied by the macrospin model and the micromagnetic model. The state diagrams of current densities are calculated under various external fields. The simulation shows that there are two phase-lock current density regions. In the phase-locked STOs in low current region I, the spin configuration of FGL is uniform; in high current region II, the spin configuration of FGL is highly nonuniform. In addition, the results with different STOs separation Ls are compared, and the coupling between two STOs is largely decreased when Ls is increased from 40 nm to 60 nm.
Laser-based patterning for fluidic devices in nitrocellulose
Authors: He Peijun J. W. , Katis Ioannis N. , Eason Robert W. , Sones Collin L.
Published: April 2015

In this report, we demonstrate a simple and low cost method that can be reproducibly used for fabrication of microfluidic devices in nitrocellulose. The fluidic patterns are created via a laser-based direct-write technique that induces polymerisation of a photo-polymer previously impregnated in the nitrocellulose. The resulting structures form hydrophobic barriers that extend through the thickness of the nitrocellulose and define an interconnected hydrophilic fluidic-flow pattern. Our experimental results show that using this method it is possible to achieve microfluidic channels with lateral dimensions of ∼100 μm using hydrophobic barriers that form the channel walls with dimensions of ∼60 μm; both of these values are considerably smaller than those that can be achieved with other current techniques used in the fabrication of nitrocellulose-based fluidic devices. A simple grid patterned nitrocellulose device was then used for the detection of C-reactive protein via a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which served as a useful proof-of-principle experiment.
Resonant transmission and mode modulation of acoustic waves in H-shaped metallic gratings
Authors: Deng Yu-Qiang , Qi Dong-Xiang , Fan Ren-Hao , Zhang Kun , Peng Ru-Wen
Published: April 2015

In this work, we demonstrate that resonant full transmission of acoustic waves exists in subwavelength H-shaped metallic gratings, and transmission peaks can be efficiently tuned by adjusting the grating geometry. We investigate this phenomenon through both numerical simulations and theoretical calculations based on rigorous-coupled wave analysis. The transmission peaks are originated from Fabry-Perot resonances together with the couplings between the diffractive wave on the surface and the multiple guided modes in the slits. Moreover, the transmission modes can be efficiently tuned by adjusting the cavity geometry, without changing the grating thickness. The mechanism is analyzed based on an equivalent circuit model and verified by both the theoretical calculations and the numerical simulations. This research has potential application in acoustic-device miniaturization over a wide range of wavelengths.
Impact of thickness on microscopic and macroscopic properties of Fe-Te-Se superconductor thin films
Authors: Zhang N. , Wang J. O. , Lei T. , Liu C. , Zhang S. H. , Qian H. J. , Wu R. , Zhou H. , Wang H. Q. , Zheng J. C. , Guo H. Z. , Yan L. , Ibrahim K.
Published: April 2015

A series of iron based Fe-Te-Se superconductor thin films depositing on 0.7wt% Nb-doped SrTiO3 at substrate temperatures in the 250°C -450°C range by pulsed laser ablation of a constituents well defined precursor FeTe0.55Se0.55 target sample. We study the possible growth mechanism and its influence on the superconductor properties. Experimental results indicate the superconductive and non-superconductive properties are modulated only by the thickness of the thin films through the temperature range. The films appear as superconductor whenever the thickness is above a critical value ∼30nm and comes to be non-superconductor below this value. Relative ratios of Fe to (Te+Se) in the films retained Fe/(Te+Se)<1 for superconductor and Fe/(Te+Se)>1 for non-superconductor no matter what the film growth temperature was. The effect of film growth temperature takes only the role of modulating the ratio of Te/Se and improving crystallinity of the systems. According to the experimental results we propose a sandglass film growth mechanism in which the interfacial effect evokes to form a Fe rich area at the interface and Se or Te starts off a consecutive filling up process of chalcogenide elements defect sides, the process is significant before the film thickness reaches at ∼30nm.
Improvements in serial femtosecond crystallography of photosystem II by optimizing crystal uniformity using microseeding procedures
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed , Chatterjee Ruchira , Hellmich Julia , Tran Rosalie , Bommer Martin , Yachandra Vittal K. , Yano Junko , Kern Jan , Zouni Athina
Published: April 2015

In photosynthesis, photosystem II (PSII) is the multi-subunit membrane protein complex that catalyzes photo-oxidation of water into dioxygen through the oxygen evolving complex (OEC). To understand the water oxidation reaction, it is important to get structural information about the transient and intermediate states of the OEC in the dimeric PSII core complex (dPSIIcc). In recent times, femtosecond X-ray pulses from the free electron laser (XFEL) are being used to obtain X-ray diffraction (XRD) data of dPSIIcc microcrystals at room temperature that are free of radiation damage. In our experiments at the XFEL, we used an electrospun liquid microjet setup that requires microcrystals less than 40 μm in size. In this study, we explored various microseeding techniques to get a high yield of monodisperse uniform-sized microcrystals. Monodisperse microcrystals of dPSIIcc of uniform size were a key to improve the stability of the jet and the quality of XRD data obtained at the XFEL. This was evident by an improvement of the quality of the datasets obtained, from 6.5 Å, using crystals grown without the micro seeding approach, to 4.5 Å using crystals generated with the new method.
Grain number determination under contrasting radiation and nitrogen conditions in 2-row and 6-row barleys
Authors: Arisnabarreta Sebastián , Miralles Daniel J.
Published: April 2015

Crop growth and developmental rate around the pre-heading phase are important for determining grain yield potential in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and other crop cereals. The photothermal quotient, Q (ratio between photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and temperature) around the flowering period has been found to be a good predictor of grain number per unit area under potential growing conditions when both solar radiation and temperature vary, but not under suboptimal nitrogen (N) conditions. Under suboptimal conditions, Q might not account for differences in grain number due to modifications in radiation-use efficiency (RUE), biomass partitioning between vegetative and reproductive organs, fruiting efficiency, and/or a combination of these factors. This paper aims at providing insights into how grain yield is defined during the pre-heading phase in 2- and 6-row barleys under contrasting N and radiation environments, using a model proposed by RA Fischer for grain number determination. Nitrogen and radiation treatments affected grain number, and consequently grain yield, through changes in spike biomass at heading, and not by a direct N effect. When low and high N conditions were included, Q poorly explained variations in grain number. Nitrogen increased RUE during the pre-heading phase. When accumulated PAR intercepted between the maximum number of spikelet primordia and heading stages (PARia) was considered together with RUE, the accuracy of the model was increased. Nitrogen slightly increased biomass partitioning between reproductive and vegetative organs, but it was not strong enough to improve the model between PARia and grain number. In the case of fruiting efficiency, genotype × N and shading × N interactions highlighted that this trait was maximised when 6-rowed barleys and shading were imposed under the high N treatment.
Reproduction strategy of Chloris virgata under simulated atmospheric nitrogen deposition
Authors: Changfu Wang , Ying Wang
Published: April 2015

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is an important issue of global climate change and it will significantly affect plant growth and reproduction, resulting in damage to ecological systems. However, little attention has been given to the effects of this factor on plant reproductive strategies. We investigated how variation in atmospheric N deposition affects the reproductive strategy of Chloris virgata (feathertop Rhodes grass). We simulated atmospheric N deposition to evaluate the trade-off between seed size and seed number, as well as its effects on offspring vigour. We found significant negative correlations between seed size and seed number per spike in the control and 20.0 g N m–2 treatments, as well as between seed size and seed number per plant in the control treatment. Seed number and seed weight per spike behaved similarly and were significantly lower in the control and 20.0 g N m–2 treatments than in the other N supply treatments. Spike number and seed yield behaved similarly, and the greatest gains in these values occurred from 2.5 to 20.0 g N m–2. Seed size reached its maximum values at low and high N levels, whereas seed N concentrations increased with N level. Although the germination percentage remained stable under different N levels, the highest germination rate occurred in the control treatment. Our findings showed that simulated atmospheric N deposition affected the reproductive pattern and seed vigour of C. virgata.
Comparative genomic identification and expression profiling of a novel β-defensin gene cluster in the equine reproductive tract
Authors: Johnson Gillian P. , Lloyd Andrew T. , O'Farrelly Cliona , Meade Kieran G. , Fair Sean
Published: April 2015

β-defensins are small cationic proteins with potent immunoregulatory and antimicrobial activity. The number of genes encoding these peptides varies significantly between and within species but they have not been extensively characterised in the horse. Here, we describe a systematic search of the Equus caballus genome that identified a cluster of novel β-defensin genes on Chromosome 22, which is homologous to a cluster on bovine Chromosome 13. Close genomic matches were found for orthologs of 13 of the bovine genes, which were named equine β-defensins (eBD) 115, eBD116, eBD117, eBD119, eBD120, eBD122a, eBD123, eBD124, eBD125, eBD126, eBD127, eBD129 and eBD132. As expression of the homologous cluster in cattle was limited to the reproductive tract, tissue sections were obtained from the testis, caput, corpus and cauda epididymis and the vas deferens of three stallions and from the ovary, oviduct, uterine horn, uterus, cervix and vagina of three mares. Using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction approach, each of the novel β-defensin genes showed distinct region-specific patterns of expression. Preferential expression in the caput epididymis of these novel defensins in the stallion and in the oviduct in the mare suggests a possible role in immunoprotection of the equine reproductive tract or in fertility.
From ‘emigrants’ to ‘Italians’: what is new in Italian migration to London?
Authors: Scotto Giuseppe
Published: April 2015

London today hosts more than 200,000 Italian people. A traditional point of arrival for Italian migrants since the nineteenth century, London is a setting characterised by the presence of the ‘old’ classic economic migration – of those who left Italy mainly in the 1950s and 1960s, and the ‘new’ migration, made up mainly of highly-educated people in the professional, academic and arts sectors. These two groups differ as regards their time of arrival, socio-economic characteristics and educational background, and they rarely have the chance or find the need to interact. This paper is based on interviews with representatives of Italian institutions and associations, and with ‘old’ and ‘new’ Italian migrants; participant observation of Italian events happening in London; and some elements of discourse analysis. By means of this empirical material, I aim to show that, besides their well-known differences, the ‘old’ and ‘new’ communities present striking similarities in their migration narratives.
Maximizing the return on taxpayers' investments in fundamental biomedical research
Authors: Lorsch Jon R.
Published: April 2015

The National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) at the U.S. National Institutes of Health has an annual budget of more than $2.3 billion. The institute uses these funds to support fundamental biomedical research and training at universities, medical schools, and other institutions across the country. My job as director of NIGMS is to work to maximize the scientific returns on the taxpayers' investments. I describe how we are optimizing our investment strategies and funding mechanisms, and how, in the process, we hope to create a more efficient and sustainable biomedical research enterprise.
Patchwork of oil and gas facilities in Saudi waters of the Arabian Gulf has the potential to enhance local fisheries production
Authors: Rabaoui Lotfi , Lin Yu-Jia , Qurban Mohammad A. , Maneja Rommel H. , Franco Javier , Joydas Thadickal V. , Panickan Premlal , Al-Abdulkader Khaled , Roa-Ureta Rubén H.
Published: April 2015

Because of the increasing oil industry development in the Arabian Gulf, hundreds of oil and gas facilities have been installed in both offshore and inshore areas during the last few decades. However, no studies have been conducted till now on the influence of these platforms on the structure and composition of marine faunal assemblages. The present work addresses this issue to propose environmental management measures connected to the utilization of fishery resources. Offshore and inshore surveys were carried out along the Saudi Gulf waters using trawl and beach-seine nets, respectively. Data relative to only fish (offshore) and fish and invertebrates (inshore) were collected concurrently with several factors: density of oil and gas facilities (offshore), distance to the nearest coastal platform (inshore), oceanographic variables, and habitat characteristics. Results of offshore surveys indicated higher fish density—both total and of fishery resources—in locations with a higher number of oil and gas facilities within a 5 km radius, whereas biomass density was not significantly different. Hence, oil and gas facilities seem to serve as nursery areas for small fish. For inshore communities, more species and diversity were found in stations closer to coastal oil and gas facilities. In addition, among the five coastal embayments sampled, those with more oil and gas facilities had more species. The findings of the present work support the hypothesis of a positive net ecological role of oil and gas platforms of the Saudi Arabian Gulf, with the implication that this effect could be extended to improve the sustainability of important fishery resources.
Mitochondrial and apoptoticin vitromodelling of differential HIV-1 progression and antiretroviral toxicity
Authors: Morén C. , Bañó M. , González-Casacuberta I. , Catalán-Garcia M. , Guitart-Mampel M. , Tobías E. , Cardellach F. , Pedrol E. , Peraire J. , Vidal F. , Domingo P. , Miró Ò. , Gatell J. M. , Martínez E. , Garrabou G.
Published: April 2015

Objectives

Ex vivo analysis of mitochondrial function may reveal HIV progression and the impact of ART. We propose a mitochondrial and apoptotic in vitro model using Jurkat T cells incubated with plasma. The objectives of this study were to evaluate mitochondrial and apoptotic lesions in this model in relation to HIV progression, and to assess the effect of >1 year of standard non-thymidine-containing therapy.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional comparison among three age- and gender-matched groups (n = 19 × 3): healthy non-HIV-infected participants, HIV-infected long-term non-progressors (LTNPs) and standard antiretroviral-naive chronically infected patients [standard progressors (Sps)], longitudinally evaluated before (Sp1) and after (Sp2) >1 year of efavirenz + tenofovir + emtricitabine therapy. We analysed mitochondrial DNA content by RT–PCR, mitochondrial function by spectrophotometry, mitochondrial protein synthesis by western blot analysis, mitochondrial dynamics by western blot analysis (MFN2), apoptotic transition pore formation by western blot analysis (VDAC-1) and mitochondrial membrane potential and annexin V/propidium iodide fluorescence by flow cytometry.

Results

There was a decreasing non-significant trend towards lower mitochondrial parameters for HIV-infected values with respect to uninfected control reference values. HIV progression (LTNP versus Sp1) was associated with decreased mitochondrial genetic, functional and translational parameters, which partially recovered after treatment intervention (Sp2). Mitochondrial fusion showed a trend to decrease non-significantly in Sp patients compared with LTNP patients, especially after therapy. All apoptotic parameters showed a trend to increase in Sp1 with respect to LTNP, followed by recovery in Sp2.

Conclusions

We proposed an in vitro model for mitochondrial and apoptotic assessment to test the effects of HIV infection and its therapy, resembling in vivo conditions. This model could be useful for clinical research purposes.
Influence of Therapeutic Approach in the TENS-induced Hypoalgesia
Authors: Agripino Mayara E. d. J. , Lima Lucas V. , Freitas Ingrid F. , Souto Natália B. R. , Carvalho Taís C. S. , DeSantana Josimari M.
Published: April 2015

Introduction:

The present study aimed to determine how the therapist’s approach about intervention may influence transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)-induced hypoalgesia.

Methods:

One hundred and sixty-one pain-free individuals agreed to participate in this study and had their demographics, perceived pain intensity, pressure pain threshold, anxiety level, and the state of anxiety inventory score measured. Subsequently, participants were randomly assigned into 6 study groups, 3 active and 3 placebo TENS associated with positive, negative, or neutral approaches about electrical stimulation, as given by the investigator. After the treatment, all parameters were reassessed.

Results:

Active TENS-treated participants receiving either positive or neutral expectations about intervention showed a significant increase in pressure pain threshold (P<0.02) compared with pretreatment; however, this was not observed in the active TENS group when associated with negative expectations. The intensity of perceived pain was significantly reduced (P<0.02) only in the active TENS groups in association with either positive or neutral expectations. There was no significant difference in any of the variables assessed in the groups receiving placebo TENS intervention.

Discussion:

The negative expectations induced prior to the proposed intervention promoted unfavorable outcomes with respect to the analgesic properties of TENS, suggesting that the approach taken by the physical therapist should be used to convey positive expectations and avoid those negatives, to promote more efficacious treatment.
William George Schneider OC FRSC. 1 June 1915 — 18 February 2013
Authors: Reddoch Allan H. , Siebrand Willem
Published: April 2015

William George Schneider OC FRS FRSC was an eminent Canadian chemist and science administrator. At the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) in Ottawa, he made high-precision measurements relating to the gas laws, to phase changes and to critical phenomena. He showed experimentally the need to reduce the gravitational density gradient in measurements of the critical point and used ultrasonic studies to support the concept of dynamic cluster formation. After a decade, he switched to nuclear magnetic resonance. He did pioneering work on the analysis of high-resolution spectra of protons in organic compounds and on the information that can be derived about intramolecular and intermolecular interactions. These studies were the basis for an influential book,
High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance
, written with Harold Bernstein and John Pople. Concurrently, he investigated the photoconductivity and semiconductivity of insulating organic crystals, in particular anthracene. He explored the conditions necessary to make accurate measurements and then studied the electronic processes in anthracene. The advent of lasers allowed him, with Boris Stoicheff, to probe more deeply into these processes. This work was of considerable interest to major high-technology companies. Bill rose rapidly through the managerial structure of the NRC and became its president in 1967, serving for 13 years, the longest of any president. After retiring, Bill served for several years with the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, two of them as its president, and remained active as a chemical consultant, advising small start-up companies. He died at the age of 97 years in Ottawa.
Interrogating protonated/deuterated fibronectin fragment layers adsorbed to titania by neutron reflectivity and their concomitant control over cell adhesion
Authors: McIntosh Lisa , Whitelaw Christine , Rekas Agata , Holt Stephen A. , van der Walle Christopher F.
Published: April 2015

The fibronectin fragment, 9th–10th-type III domains (FIII9–10), mediates cell attachment and spreading and is commonly investigated as a bioadhesive interface for implant materials such as titania (TiO
2
). How the extent of the cell attachment–spreading response is related to the nature of the adsorbed protein layer is largely unknown. Here, the layer thickness and surface fraction of two FIII9–10 mutants (both protonated and deuterated) adsorbed to TiO
2
were determined over concentrations used in cell adhesion assays. Unexpectedly, the isotopic forms had different adsorption behaviours. At solution concentrations of 10 mg l
−1
, the surface fraction of the less conformationally stable mutant (FIII9′10) was 42% for the deuterated form and 19% for the protonated form (fitted to the same monolayer thickness). Similarly, the surface fraction of the more stable mutant (FIII9′10–H2P) was 34% and 18% for the deuterated and protonated forms, respectively. All proteins showed a transition from monolayer to bilayer between 30 and 100 mg l
−1
, with the protein longitudinal orientation moving away from the plane of the TiO
2
surface at high concentrations. Baby hamster kidney cells adherent to TiO
2
surfaces coated with the proteins (100 mg l
−1
) showed a strong spreading response, irrespective of protein conformational stability. After surface washing, FIII9′10 and FIII9′10–H2P bilayer surface fractions were 30/25% and 42/39% for the lower/upper layers, respectively, implying that the cell spreading response requires only a partial protein surface fraction. Thus, we can use neutron reflectivity to inform the coating process for generating bioadhesive TiO
2
surfaces.
Halolamina sediminis sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from solar salt
Authors: Koh Hyeon-Woo , Song Hye Seon , Song Uhram , Yim Kyung June , Roh Seong Woon , Park Soo-Je
Published: April 2015

An extremely halophilic archaeal strain, halo-7T, was isolated from brine sediment of the Gomso solar saltern, Republic of Korea. Cells of strain halo-7Twere pleomorphic, stained Gram-negative, lysed in distilled water and formed red-pigmented colonies. Strain halo-7Tgrew in the range of 25–45 °C (optimum 37–40 °C), pH 6.5–9.5 (optimum pH 7.0–8.0), 15–30 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 20–25 %), and 0.05–0.5 M MgCl2(optimum 0.1–0.3 M). The minimal NaCl concentration to prevent cell lysis of strain halo-7Twas 10 % (w/v). The major polar lipids of the isolate were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerolphosphate methyl ester, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified lipid, and two unidentified glycolipids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain halo-7Tis closely related to the members of the genusHalolamina,Halolamina salinaWSY15-H3T(98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity),Halolamina pelagicaTBN21T(98.2 %) andHalolamina rubraCBA1107T(97.4 %). The genomic DNA G+C content determined for strain halo-7T(68.0 mol%) was slightly higher than those ofH. salinaJCM 18549TandH. rubraCBA1107T. DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain halo-7Tand reference strains were < 25 %. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, we describe a novel species of the genusHalolamina, represented by strain halo-7T, for which we propose the nameHalolamina sediminissp. nov. The type strain is halo-7T( = JCM 30187T = CECT 8739T).
Proposal to modify Rule 27 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes
Authors: Oren Aharon , Garrity and George M.
Published: April 2015

We propose emendation of Rule 27(2)(b) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes so that for new combinations the basonym and its reference must be given. We also propose minor changes to Note 1 and Note 2 of Rule 27.
CDApps: integrated software for experimental planning and data processing at beamline B23, Diamond Light Source. Corrigendum
Authors: Hussain Rohanah , Benning Kristian , Myatt Daniel , Javorfi Tamas , Longo Edoardo , Rudd Timothy R. , Pulford Bill , Siligardi Giuliano
Published: April 2015

In the paper by Hussainet al.[(2015),J. Synchrotron Rad.22, 465–468], Daniel Myatt is missing from the list of authors. The complete list of authors should be Rohanah Hussain, Kristian Benning, Daniel Myatt, Tamas Javorfi, Edoardo Longo, Timothy R. Rudd, Bill Pulford and Giuliano Siligardi.
Crystal structure of (E)-2-fluorobenzaldehyde (pyridin-2-yl)hydrazone
Authors: Sowmya Haliwana B. V. , Suresha Kumara Tholappanavara H. , Jasinski Jerry P. , Millikan Sean P. , Glidewell Christopher
Published: April 2015

The title compound, C12H10FN3, is approximately planar: the dihedral angles between the mean plane of the central N—N=C spacer unit and the fluorobenzene and pyridine rings are 14.50 (13) and 4.85 (15)°, respectively, while the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 16.29 (6)°. The F atom lies at the same side of the molecule as the N atom of the pyridine ring. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N—H...N hydrogen bonds generateR22(8) loops. Molecules related by translation in theadirection are linked by two π–π stacking interactions involving pairs of benzene rings and pairs of pyridine rings. In each case, the ring-centroid separation is 3.8517 (9) Å. Two chains of this type pass through each unit cell, but there are no direction-specific interactions between adjacent chains.
Crystal structure of 2-chloro-3-(dimethoxymethyl)-6-methoxyquinoline
Authors: Chandrika Nanjappa , Suresha Kumara Tholappanavara H. , Jasinski Jerry P. , Millikan Sean P. , Yathirajan Hemmige S. , Glidewell Christopher
Published: April 2015

The title compound, C13H14ClNO3, crystallizes withZ′ = 2 in the space groupPca21, but a search for possible additional crystallographic symmetry found none. However, the crystal structure exhibits pseudosymmetry as the two independent molecules are related by an approximate but non-crystallographic inversion located close to (0.38, 0.26, 1/2) in the selected asymmetric unit, and the structure exhibits partial inversion twinning. The approximate inversion relationship between the two molecules in the selected asymmetric unit is clearly shown by comparison of the relevant torsion angle in the two molecules; the corresponding torsion angles have similar, although not identical magnitudes but with opposite signs. The mean planes of the quinoline rings in the two independent molecules are almost parallel, with a dihedral angle of only 0.16 (3)° between them, and the mutual orientation of these rings permits significant π–π stacking interactions between them [centroid–centroid distances = 3.7579 (15) and 3.7923 (15) Å]. In addition, the bimolecular aggregates which are related by translation along [010] are linked by a further π–π stacking interaction [centroid–centroid distance = 3.7898 (15) Å], so forming a π-stacked chain running parallel to [010]. However, there are no C—H...N hydrogen bonds in the structure nor, despite the number of independent aromatic rings, are there any C—H...π hydrogen bonds; hence there are no direction-specific interactions between adjacent π-stacked chains.
Crystal structure of (E)-2-({[2-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)phenyl]imino}methyl)phenol
Authors: Li Zhengyi , Shi Song , Zhou Kun , Chen Liang , Sun Xiaoqiang
Published: April 2015

The title compound, C17H17NO3, prepared by the condensation reaction of 2-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)aniline and salicylaldehyde, has anEconformation about the C=N bond. The six-membered O-heterocycle adopts a chair conformation, with the bond to the aromatic ring located at its equatorial position. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 36.54 (9)°. There is an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond forming anS(6) ring motif. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along thea-axis direction. Within the chains, there are C—H...π interactions involving adjacent molecules.
Crystal structure of 2-butylsulfanyl-4,6-bis[(E)-styryl]pyrimidine
Authors: Wang Aijian , Li Guanghui
Published: April 2015

In the title compound, C24H24N2S, the dihedral angles between the central pyrimidine ring and pendant benzene rings are 18.46 (6) and 5.95 (6)°. The butylsulfanyl side chain adopts a twisted conformation [S—C—C—C = 177.34 (10)° and C—C—C—C = 67.68 (18)°]. No directional interactions beyond typical van der Waals contacts could be identified in the crystal.
The crystal structure of 3-chloro-2-(4-methylphenyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline
Authors: Sowmya Haliwana B. V. , Suresha Kumara Tholappanavara H. , Jasinski Jerry P. , Millikan Sean P. , Yathirajan Hemmige S. , Glidewell Christopher
Published: April 2015

In the molecule of 3-chloro-2-(4-methylphenyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline, C17H12ClN3, (I), the dihedral angle between the planes of the pyrazole ring and the methylated phenyl ring is 54.25 (9)°. The bond distances in the fused tricyclic system provide evidence for 10-π delocalization in the pyrazolopyridine portion of the molecule, with diene character in the fused carbocyclic ring. In the crystal, molecules of (I) are linked by two independent C—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming sheets containing centrosymmetricR22(16) andR64(28) rings, and these sheets are all linked together by π–π stacking interactions with a ring-centroid separation of 3.5891 (9) Å.
Crystal structure of 1-{3-acetyl-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-hydroxy-4-[(2-hydroxypropyl)amino]-6-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl}ethanone
Authors: Mohamed Shaaban K. , Mague Joel T. , Akkurt Mehmet , Abdelhamid Antar A. , Albayati Mustafa R.
Published: April 2015

In the title compound, C20H26ClNO4, the central cyclohexene ring adopts an approximate envelope conformation with the C atom binding with the hydroxy group at the tip of the flap. There is an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond generating anS(6) ring motif. In the crystal, classical O—H...O hydrogen bonds and weak C—H...O and C—H...Cl interactions link the molecules, forming a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture. The crystal structure was refined as a four-component twin.
Capturing emotions: experience sampling at live music events
Authors: Wood Emma H. , Moss Jonathan
Published: April 2015

Purpose

– Using techniques developed mainly in subjective well-being and “happiness” studies, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the applicability of these and related methods for understanding and evaluating the emotional responses experienced within the live music event environment.

Design/methodology/approach

– The concept of “experience” is debated and set within the context of music events designed to create a specific type of emotional experience for the attendees. The main tools for researching experiences over a time period are considered focusing on the “experience sampling method” (ESM) (Csikszentmihalyi, 1997) and the “day reconstruction method” (Kahnemanet al., 2004). These methods are critiqued in terms of their usefulness and practicality as research tools in the study of audience emotions.

Findings

– A revised method was then developed and a small-scale trial undertaken at a live music event, the results of which are presented and discussed. A conceptual model illustrating the interconnectedness of experience is introduced as an example of the application of the data gathered through this method to theory development. The paper concludes by reflecting on both the methodological appropriateness and practicality of ESMs as a way of gathering valuable data on the emotions engendered by events.

Research limitations/implications

– An obstacle yet to be overcome is using this data to predict attitudinal and behavioural change related to arts marketing goals. However, studies in other areas have clearly shown that emotional response is a significant indicator of future behaviour suggesting that the potential is there.

Practical implications

– The trialled method provides a useful starting point for better understanding the complexity of emotional effects triggered at live music events.

Originality/value

– The paper concludes that an adaptation of these methods has the potential to provide much needed rich and credible data on the feelings and emotional reactions triggered by different elements of a live event.
Modelling the measures of supply chain performance in the Indian automotive industry
Authors: Katiyar Rajesh , Barua Mukesh Kumar , Meena Purushottam L.
Published: April 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interactions among the key factors of supply chain (SC) in the Indian automotive industry. These key factors are helpful to measure supply chain performance (SCP) and to improve the firm’s effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

– In this paper, an interpretive structural modeling with a fuzzy cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification-based approach is used to examine the interactions among the key factors of SCP measurement.

Findings

– The authors have identified the most dominant key factors used for measuring the performance in automotive SC. The results exhibit that the order lead-time and order entry method are the most significant key factors. These key factors have high driving power to measure SCP whereas the post-transaction measure of customer service and customer query time are highly dependent on other factors. Such relationships among the key factors can help a firm’s top management to make essential judgments in order to solve the overall SC problems and provide a better approach to proactively deal with problems.

Originality/value

– In this paper, the authors have explored the interactions among the key factors of the SCP in the Indian automotive industry.
A benchmark-based method for sustainable product design
Authors: Hosseinpour Arash , Peng Qingjin , Gu Peihua
Published: April 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to develop an effective approach to decide design details using benchmarking to capture the existing practice in sustainable design.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper reports a systematic method for sustainable product design. The method uses benchmarks as references searching for design details to achieve sustainable solutions. Quality function deployment is used to guide the search process for competitive products using benchmarking to meet quantitative targets of product and to increase knowledge for sustainable design.

Findings

– The proposed method can meet both functional and sustainable requirements of product design. 18.55 percent reduction in carbon equivalent emissions is achieved compared to benchmarks in wheelchair design. The research reveals that when weight, material and number of components used in product decrease, environmental footprints and cost of the product improve.

Originality/value

– The research improves the existing method of sustainable product design. Both sustainable requirements and functional demands of product are identified from qualitative criteria to quantitative metrics using benchmarking and the life cycle assessment.
Legitimacy matters
Authors: Ernst Falko
Published: April 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to revisit paradigmatic depictions of organized criminal behavior. Unveiling shortcomings, it asks how contingent manifestations of organized crime can be better grasped by borrowing analytical tools from organizational scholarship.

Design/methodology/approach

– The potential for cross-disciplinary fertilization is showcased by reflecting recent transformations of Mexican organized crime. Over a year of close-proximity fieldwork, exclusive first-hand empirical data were gathered on Los Caballeros Templarios, one of Mexico’s principal criminal organizations. Interviews with its leaders were carried out and participant observation conducted amongst local communities.

Findings

– Criminal organizations have turned to the local to generate resources vital for their survival. Emerging as forces of alternative governance, the strategic use of organizational legitimacy has gained unprecedented prominence. It acts as an interface for reciprocal criminal-organization–environment influences. Largely neglected, it has driven the mutation of Mexican organized crime and the country’s armed conflict altogether.

Research limitations/implications

– The reported findings are of limited scope insofar as they are derived from in-depth data on a single case. Future research would ideally generate such data on further cases, enabling greater theorization qua cross-comparison.

Originality/value

– Informed by rare first-hand empirical data, this paper offers exclusive insights into the on-the-ground realities of Mexican organized crime and its role in the fragmentation of social order and governance. This is of interest for scholars, the wider public and policymakers alike. The innovative conceptual approach is easily replicable so as to support similar enquiries.
Organised crime in English criminal law
Authors: Sergi Anna
Published: April 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to consider the rationale behind the approaches to organised crime in criminal law to understand the basis of the law on conspiracy in England and Wales and why this country has refused to amend conspiracy in favour of a membership offence or a criminal enterprise model, similar to the USA’s offences.

Design/methodology/approach

– The analysis is based on a legal comparison between the law of conspiracy in England and Wales and the USA’s Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) statute, as example of best practice targeting criminal enterprises. The legal comparison is also substantiated by case law examples and interviewees with prosecutors and lawyers collected both in London and in New York City.

Findings

– After briefly describing how the two systems (English and American) are intended to work, the paper will develop a discussion on the difficulties and advantages of introducing a RICO-style legislation in England and Wales and shall conclude that it is the way organised crime is socially perceived in the English/British scenario that justifies the choice to remain on the level of conspiracy and not move towards membership/enterprise offences.

Research limitations/implications

– This study shall be primarily intended as an opportunity to assess the criminal law tools in the fight against organised crime available in England and Wales. The comparative side of this research, the RICO statute, would require more attention which this paper cannot give for reasons of brevity. Therefore, the study is a preliminary study in comparative criminal law.

Originality/value

– The central idea of this work is to suggest that differences in criminal law are based on different perceptions of the wrongfulness of the offending. For the law to change in favour of a criminal enterprise offence in England and Wales, there is a need to reshape the wrongfulness of organised crime. A study into the wrongfulness of organised crime as a criminal offence, with a comparative outlook, has never been conducted before in England and Wales.
Establishing a community of practice for Occupational Therapy curriculum development: The value of a two‐way process
Authors: Thomas Yvonne , Judd Jenni
Published: April 2015

Introduction

A novel application of the concept of a community of practice was adopted in the development of a revised curriculum for undergraduate occupational therapy education in July 2012. University Academic staff and invited practice scholars met together, half yearly for day long meetings to develop and review a new curriculum. The formation of this community of practice allowed for open discourse and feedback to integrate theory and practice.

Method

A qualitative study utilised two focus groups, one for academic staff and one for practice scholars, at the end of the third meeting. The focus groups were facilitated by an external researcher, recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis elicited five major themes.

Findings

Participants reported a sense of community and commitment to the curriculum process. Five themes emerged from the focus groups: (i) a sense of community; (ii) a two‐way process with mutual benefits; (iii) benefits to the curriculum and to student learning; (iv) future opportunities including resilience of graduates, and potential research collaborations; and (v) the structure and process of engaging in the community of practice.

Conclusion

The commitment of time, planning and resources required to establish and participate in collaborative curriculum development with practice scholars is shown to be a valuable investment for occupational therapy academics, expert practice scholars and ultimately for student learning. Further studies of student and graduate outcomes from the curriculum are warranted. Potential future outcomes of this process include resilience in graduates and collaborative research with practice scholars.
‘The first pulse you take is your own’ – but don't forget your colleagues'. Emotion teamwork in pre‐hospital emergency medical services
Authors: Henckes Nicolas , Nurok Michael
Published: April 2015

This article examines the way that intense emotions, both positive and negative, are collectively regulated at work by pre‐hospital emergency teams. We analyse the collective strategies and solutions that are developed in daily medical work by teams and individuals with a view to furthering the action. After a review of the literature on emotion work in work collectives, we discuss the nature of pre‐hospital emergency work and the role of emotions in this work. We then examine the collective management of both disruptive and desired emotions by teams during interventions. The last section reflects on the long‐term management of emotions at work using Randall Collins' concepts of interaction ritual and emotional energy. This study relies on fieldwork performed in emergency medical services in New York and Paris.
Customary Homicides in Diyarbakir Province
Authors: Yilmaz Eyyup , Canturk Nergis , Erkol Zerrin , Kumral Bahadir , Okumus Ali M.
Published: April 2015

This study presents an analysis of the causes of so‐called honor killings in the context of “customary homicide” and a discussion of preventive measures. Finalized case files of customary homicide between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2012 were retrospectively examined in Diyarbakir Province, Turkey. Of a total of 28 case victims, 17 (60.7%) were females and 11 (39.3%) were males. All perpetrators were male. There was a significant difference between male and female victims in terms of economic independence (p = 0.000). A direct blood relationship or relationship by marriage (such as brother‐in‐law) was found to have a significant association with the gender of the victim (p < 0.001). Multilevel educational activities targeting a transformation of the perception of women by society, replacement of patriarchal models with more modern attitudes, and encouragement of individuality may represent effective strategies that may help reduce the number of customary homicide, which represents a multifaceted problem.