bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Off-label Non-vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants Does Not Decrease the Stroke Risk of Atrial Fibrillation Patients in East China
Authors: Zhou Peng , Liu Rongchen , Yu Yangjie , Chen Wei , Ma Yunzhi , Wang Hengyang , Waresi Maieryemu , Wang Meng , Luo Xinping , Li Jian
Published: January 2021

Background: For anticoagulation therapy of atrial fibrillation (AF) in east Asia, some off-label dose, so called “Asian Dose” of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) was used concerning on the bleeding risks in these patients, such as low-dose rivaroxaban (10-15 mg once daily) or dabigatran (110-150 mg once daily). However, the efficacy of the off-label dose of NOACs remains controversial. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to compared the efficacy and safety among patients with AF in three groups: patients with the off-label dose of NOACs treatment (OFL group, dabigatran 110 mg once daily or rivaroxaban under 20 mg daily), patients with the standard dose of anti-coagulation therapy (SAG group, dabigatran 110 mg twice daily or rivaroxaban 20 mg once daily, or warfarin with international normalized ratio (INR) 2-3), and patients without non-coagulation treatment (NCG group) in east China. Results: A total of 296 patients were recruited in our study. Compared to patients in SAG group, patients in OFL group had higher risk in stroke and thromboembolism events (P=0.000). The risk of other events including major bleeding (P=0.597) was comparable in these two groups, while there was no significant difference in all-cause mortality, which were both dramatically lower than NAG group (0.52, P=0.000). Conclusions: Collectively, our results demonstrate that “Asian dose” of NOACs indeed can not bring much benefit for AF patients in east China.
A Single Knotless-anchor for Bursal-side Ellman III Partial Thinkness Rotar Cuff Tears: A Biomechanical Cadaveric Study
Authors: Liu Gang , Zhang Baolu , Zhao Qian , Guo Xiaoguang , Liu Yang , Qin Bo , Xu Ping , Liang Tao , Fu Shijie
Published: January 2021

Background: Bursal-side partial thickness rotator cuff tears (PTRCTs) are frequent lesions with the treatment of multiple surgical techniques. However, to the best of our knowledge, no single knotless-anchor with two Ethicon 2# repair technique has been reported.Methods: Bursal-side PTRCTs (Ellman type III, 75% thickness of tears) were created in the supraspinatus tendon on 16 fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders. The specimens were randomized into two groups of 8 each: (1) Group A (Transtendon repairs), a single knotless-anchor repair with two Ethicon 2#, (2) Group B, the Conversion repair (Double-row, DR). Each specimen underwent cyclic loading test from 5 to 100 N by 50 cycles, then followed by an ultimate failure test. The displacement of greater tuberosity (mm) and ultimate (N) were recorded.Results: Compared with the load-to-failure test, there was no significant difference between Group A and B (Group A, 359.25±17.91N; Group B, 374.38±13.75 N, P＞0.05). There were also no significant differences in the rotator cuff displacement of 10 mm(Group A, 190.50±8.52N; Group B, 197.25±6.84, P＞0.05) and 15mm (Group A, 282.25±12.20 N; Group B, 291.13±14.74 N, P＞0.05). However, concerning the displacement of 3 mm and 5mm, we found a significant difference in these two groups (P<0.05).Conclusions: A single knotless-anchor with two Ethicon 2# for Bursal-side Ellman III PTRCTs is a simple, cheap, and effective technique that we could choose.
3D-printed Prostheses Assisted by Osteotomy Guide Plates for Reconstruction Following Periacetabular Tumor Resection via Two Approaches
Authors: Zhao Yong-jie , Zhang Jing-yu , Deng Xiao-qiang , Du Xin-chong , Zhang Hao , Yang Li , Hu Yong-cheng , Ma Xin-long
Published: January 2021

Background: Prosthetic reconstruction after periacetabular tumor resection likely yield good function. However, complications with this technique are common. Therefore, alternative prosthetic design and surgical technique warrant study. Methods: Six patients were retrospectively reviewed with malignant periacetabular tumors who received reconstruction using 3D-printed prostheses assisted by osteotomy guide plates via two approaches between July 2017 and June 2020. The surgical data, including operative duration and intraoperative blood loss were recorded. Preoperative and postoperative pain at rest was examined using the visual analog scale (VAS). The postoperative functional outcomes were evaluated using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring system, and the postoperative complications were analyzed.Results: The mean follow-up was 19 months (range, 3-36 months). The mean intraoperative blood loss was 1416 ml (range, 600-2000 ml), and the mean operative duration was 333 min (range, 300-370 min). Satisfactory surgical margins were achieved in all patients. Six patients complained of severe pain preoperatively (VAS score, mean, 6; range, 4-8) and described significant alleviation of pain at 4 weeks postoperatively (VAS score, mean, 2; range, 0-5). At the 12 weeks after surgery, the mean MSTS score was 15.6 (range, 5-27). Local recurrence occurred in one patient at 3 months after surgery.Conclusions: The 3D-printed prosthesis represents a potential alternative for reconstruction after malignant periacetabular tumor resection. The design of the two approaches and the use of osteotomy guide plates can yield good functional results, as well as low rate of complications.Trial registration: This study has been granted an exemption from requiring ethics approval by the ethics committee of Tianjin Hospital.
Clinical Study of Hydraulic Perfusion Pump and Traditional Water Jet Irrigation for Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy
Authors: wu Jian , Guan Yuehong
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare clinical outcomes of hydraulic perfusion pump and traditional water jet irrigation in percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy by a prospective randomized controlled study. Methods: From January 2016 to December 2018, 72 patients with lumbar disc herniation and failed conservative treatment were enrolled in this study. According to the odd number of the last digit of the hospitalization number, the patients were randomly divided into a hydraulic perfusion pump group and a traditional water jet irrigation group, 36 cases in each group. There were no significant differences in gender, age, prominent segment, clinical classification, preoperative pain visual analog scale (VAS), and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores between two groups (P>0.05). The same surgeon performed all operations. These operations were performed by hydraulic perfusion pump flushing and traditional water flushing assisted surgery. The patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months (mean 15.7 months). The operation time, blood loss, hospital time, visual analog scale (VAS) for follow-up pain after one day and two weeks, and the last follow-up JOA scores. The type and incidence of postoperative complications were compared between two groups.Results: Compared with the traditional water flushing group, the operation time of the hydraulic perfusion pump group was short [(65.5±21.3) min vs. (74.8±19.9) min, t=9.465, P=0.003]. Blood loss was less [(21.2±12.9) ml vs. (27.4±14.1) ml, t=8.331, P=0.012]; there was no statistical difference in hospitalization time. The pain visual analog scale (VAS) and the last follow-up JOA scores in one day, two weeks were better than preoperative, but there was no statistical difference between the groups (P>0.05). In the traditional water flushing group, the symptoms of increased intracranial pressure like headache and neck pain occurred during the operation, which was forced to shorten the operation time in 5 cases, nerve root adventitia injury in 4 cases, and postoperative recurrence in 4 cases. In the hydraulic perfusion pump group, no patient had the symptoms of increased intracranial pressure like headache and neck pain, and nerve root adventitia injury in 1 case and 2 cases of postoperative recurrence. The incidence of complications in the hydraulic perfusion group was lower than that in the traditional water flow group. Conclusion：Hydraulic perfusion pump and traditional water-flow irrigation assisted percutaneous endoscopic lumbar disc herniation can achieve satisfactory clinical results. However, the former has short operation time, clear vision in operation, less bleeding, and less in-operation and postoperative complications.
Effect of enhanced recovery after surgery in the managements of ankle fracture patients: A single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yao Yuefeng , Li Guoqing , Liu Su , Xiong Ao , Xu Chang , Wang Deli , Zeng Hui
Published: January 2021

Background

Ankle fracture is common and the treatment is embarrassed. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) has been successfully adopted for the improvement of efficacy and quality. However, application of ERAS in ankle fracture patients especially at the early stage is variable and remains to be clarified. We intent to explore the effect of ERAS among ankle fracture patients.
Methods

There were 29 male and 51 female patients aged 41.71 ± 14. 51 years who were consecutively grouped into non-ERAS group (n = 40) and ERAS group (n = 40). Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were applied to assess the association in outcomes and variables.
Results

AOFAS at post-operative 3 month (PO3M) and PO6M, costs, LOS, and pre-operative LOS were verified significantly in univariate analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that ERAS can improve AOFAS at PO3M (β = 7.06, 95% CI, 4.45–9.65) and PO6M (β = 5.08, 95% CI, 2.35–7.80), reduce costs (β = -6885.13, 95% CI, -12089.40 - -1680.85), and reduce LOS (β = -3.27, 95% CI, -4.97 - -1.57) among ankle fracture patients. With the numbers available, no significant differences were observed (p༞0.05) for the AOFAS at PO12M and PO24M, complications, or opioids consumption.
Conclusion

We found ERAS is superior to general protocol among proper ankle fracture patients, which can enhance rehabilitation and improve medical quality and efficiency especially at the early stage. ERAS protocol may have a promising future and worth promoting.
Impact of Different Sarcopenia Stages on the Postoperative New Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture After Percutaneous Kyphoplasty
Authors: Lin Chaowei , Zhu Minyu , Huang Kelun , Lu Sheng , Teng Honglin
Published: January 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of different sarcopenia stages on osteoporotic vertebral compression refracture (OVCRF) and identify other risk factors of new osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).MethodsWe conducted a large, retrospective study of patients who underwent percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for OVCF. Sarcopenia was staged as “presarcopenia”, “sarcopenia”, and “severe sarcopenia” according to the definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Univariate and multivariate analyses evaluating the risk factors for OVCRF were performed. ResultsA total of 329 patients were included, in which 20.4%, 13.1%, and 7.3% of the patients were identified as having “presarcopenia”, “sarcopenia”, and “severe sarcopenia” respectively. Advanced sarcopenia stage was associated with lower BMI, lower serum albumin level and higher NRS 2002 scores. Subsequent fractures developed in 72 (21.8 %) of 329 patients during the one year follow-up. In univariate analysis, female (p = 0.012), advanced age (≥ 75 years; p = 0.004), lower BMD (p =0.000), stage of sarcopenia (p = 0.009) were associated with OVCRFs. Multivariable analysis revealed that female (OR 6.325; 95% CI 2.176-18.368, p = 0.001), age (OR 1.863; 95% CI 1.002-3.464, p =0.049), lower BMD (OR 1.736; 95% CI 1.294-2.328, p = 0.000), sarcopenia (OR 2.536; 95% CI 1.130-5.692, p = 0.024) and severe sarcopenia (OR 4.579; 95% CI 1.615-12.968, p = 0.004) were independent risk factors of OVCRFs. ConclusionsSarcopenia and severe sarcopenia were independent risk factors for OVCRF, as well as low BMD, advanced age and female.
Association between Smoking and In-hospital mortality in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Propensity-matched Study
Authors: Tang Hanwei , Hou Jianfeng , Chen Kai , Huang Xiaohong , Liu Sheng , Hu Shengshou
Published: January 2021

BackgroundData on the effect of smoking on In-hospital outcome in patients with left ventricular dysfunction undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery are limited. We sought to determine the influence of smoking on CABG patients with left ventricular dysfunction.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted using data from the China Heart Failure Surgery Registry database. Eligible patients with left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50% underwent isolated CABGS were included. In addition to the use of multivariate regression models, a 1 to 1 propensity scores matched analysis was performed. Our study (n=6,531) consisted of 3,635 smokers and 2896 non-smokers. Smokers were further divided into ex-smokers (n=2373) and current smokers (n=1262).ResultsThe overall in-hospital morality was 3.9%. Interestingly, current smokers have lower in-hospital mortality than non-smokers (2.3% vs 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.612 [95%CI, 0.395-0.947]). No difference was detected in mortality between ex-smokers and non-smokers (3.6% vs 4.9%; adjusted OR, 0.974 [0.715-1.327]). No significant differences in other clinical end points were observed. Results of propensity-matched analyses were broadly consistent.ConclusionsIt is paradoxically that current smokers had lower in-hospital mortality than non-smokers. Future studies should be performed to further understand the biological mechanisms that may explain this ‘smoker’s paradox’ phenomenon.
Fabrication of GaN Nano-towers Based Self-powered UV Photodetector
Authors: Goswami Lalit , Aggarwal Neha , Vashishtha Pargam , Jain Shubhendra , Nirantar Shurti , Ahmed Jahangeer , Khan M A Majeed , Pandey Rajeshwary , Gupta Govind
Published: January 2021

Fabrication of unique tapper ended GaN-Nanotowers structure based highly efficient ultraviolet photodetector is demonstrated. Hexagonal stacked GaN nanocolumnar structure (nanotowers) grown on AlN buffer layer exhibits higher photocurrent generation which significantly enhances its responsiveness towards ultraviolet illumination and leads to outstanding performance of the device. The fabricated detector display low dark current (~12nA), high ILight / IDark ratio (>104), fast time-correlated transient response (~433µs) upon UV (325nm) illumination. A very high photo responsivity of 2.47 A/W in self-powered (zero applied bias) mode of operation is reported. While in photoconductive mode, the responsivity is observed to be 35.4 A/W @ -3V alongwith very high external quantum efficiency (~104 %), lower noise equivalent power (~10-13 WHz-1/2) and excellent UV-Vis selectivity. Nanotower structure with lower strain and dislocations as well as reduced trap states cumulatively contributed to augmented performance from the device. The utilization of these GaN-Nanotower structures can potentially be useful towards the fabrication of energy-efficient ultraviolet photodetector.
WITHDRAWN: Systematic prompting the new physiological and morphological, biological responses of modified metabolic induction process of Calendula officinalis L under heat stress with couple of supplementary nutritional applications as safety of floriculture crops
Authors: ahmed waseem , Azmant Rafia , Qayyum Abdul , Mehmood Ayaz , Ahmed Rasheed
Published: January 2021

Purpose
the objective of study to modified the metabolism of Calendula officinalis L. under heat stress couple with N and P application in two years of study.
Methods
the trail was conducted during peak summer season (months of May, June, and July) couple with different levels of N & P application to monitor the quality and quantity characterization of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). The traits of three doses of N and P (0.6 g, 0.9 g, and 0.8 g, 1− 1 g) given to Calendula officinalis L.) to display the vegetative, reproductive, physiological parameters such as Malondialdehyde (MDA), Chlorophyll contents, Lipid Peroxidation Assay in leaves, Li and K contents, phytochemicals and nitrogen and phosphorus used efficacy
Results
showed that maximum values of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Chlorophylls, Lipid Peroxidation Assay in leaves observed followed by the alteration in Li and K measured in the month of May, June with slight differences July. The phytochemicals like total phenolic contents (84.41 mg GAE/g), total antioxidants (36.3% DPPH), total carotenoids and total flavonoids contents (16.2 and 0.9 mg/100 g) were measured by 0.9 g of Nitrogen application and followed by 1 g of Phosphorus in both years of study. The respirational changes were observed in the higher rate of P levels. The liner changes of N and P rates showed some fluctuation in heat stress months.
Conclusions
It was concluded that the higher doses of both N and P fertilizers were effective in controlling the heat stress and mentioned the quality of florets by various induction and biological active process.
Development of a Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Signature for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hong Cheng , Chen Ming , Yi Wang , Jianping Wu , Jibo Jing , Tiange Wu , Shuqiu Chen
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Prostate cancer (PCa) has a high incidence in older men. In the field of tumor immunology therapy, there are no strong characteristics to predict the survival of PCa in tumor immunology. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the characteristics of PCa in immunology.Methods: In this study, RNA-seq and clinical data of 499 PCa tissue samples and 52 normal tissue samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Finally, 193 differentially expressed immune-related genes (IRGs) between PCa and normal prostate tissues were identified based on TCGA. Functional enrichment analyses showed that immunology may act in a tumor-suppressive role in the initiation of Pca, and then we identified different expressed transcription factors (TFs) and construction of the correlation network between TFs and IRGs. Univariate Cox analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to identify 5 key prognostic IRGs (S100A2, NOX1, IGHV7-81, AMH, AGTR1). Furthermore, the predictive nomogram was established and verified.Results: As a result, we successfully constructed and validated an immune-related prediction model for PCa. In this model, 5-genes model showing more stable than other gene groups. Consistent with our expectations, the signature can independently predict the survival outcome of PCa patients. Patients with high-immune risk were found correlated with advanced stage. We also found that high S100A2 gene expression has a lower biochemical recurrence, high AMH gene expression has a higher gleason score, lymph node metastasis rate and tumor grade, a lower lymphnodes positive, high ATGR1 gene expression has a lower psa value.Conclusion: our study showed that our 5-gene immune-related signature could treated as an independent prognostic indicator for PCa.
Minority Resampling Based Ensemble Framework Using Enhanced Early Drift Detection Method For Imbalanced Data Streams
Authors: S Priya , Uthra Annie
Published: January 2021

As the data mining applications are increasing popularly, large volumes of data streams are generated over the period of time. The main problem in data streams is that it exhibits a high degree of class imbalance and distribution of data changes over time. In this paper, Timely Drift Detection and Minority Resampling Technique (TDDMRT) based on K-nearest neighbor and Jaccard similarity is proposed to handle the class imbalance by finding the current ratio of class labels. The Enhanced Early Drift Detection Method (EEDDM) is proposed for detecting the concept drift and the Minority Resampling Method (KNN-JS) determines whether the current data stream should be regarded as imbalance and it resamples the minority instances in the drifting data stream. The K-Nearest Neighbors technique is used to resample the minority classes and the Jaccard similarity measure is established over the resampled data to generate the synthetic data similar to the original data and it is handled by ensemble classifiers. The proposed ensemble based classification model outperforms the existing over sampling and under sampling techniques with accuracy of 98.52%.
Effects of Psychological Capital, Coping Style and Emotional Intelligence on Self-Rated Health Status of College Students in China During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jing Xiangzhi , Meng Hongling , Li Yuping , Lu Lingeng , yao yongcheng
Published: January 2021

Objective To explore the relationship between the self-reported health status, emotional coping style, emotional intelligence and positive psychological state of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The questionnaires of Self-rated Health Measurement Scale (SRHMS), Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ)were used for online survey. The study included 367 undergraduates. Results Male undergraduates had significantly higher psychological capital scores than female (P < 0.05), and those without siblings had significantly higher emotional intelligence and psychological capital scores than those with (P < 0.05). The students from urban had significantly higher emotional intelligence scores than those from rural (P < 0.05). Students who spent less than 3 hours online per day had significantly higher self-rated health scores than those spending 6 hours online per day (P < 0.05), and those who spent 3–6 hours online per day was significantly higher psychological capital scores than those who spent more than 6 hours online per day (P < 0.05). The interaction between emotional intelligence, psychological capital and coping styles was statistically significant (β=-0.045,P < 0.05) in health status with coping style ranking the top (β = 21.277). Conclusion: Sex, having siblings or not, birth place and online time per day affected health status, emotional intelligence, and psychological capital in undergraduate students. Coping style is a main positive factor that affects health, which was modified by emotional intelligence and psychological capital. In this pandemic emergency, positive coping style with optimistic emotional perception and understanding is an important measure against the pandemic-induced health problem.
Epithelial Remodelling After Epithelium-off Continuous Accelerated Corneal Collagen Cross-linking in Progressive Keratoconus
Authors: Piao Junjie , Li Ying , Wang Meng , Kim Sun Joo , Joo Choun-Ki , Yoon Geunyoung
Published: January 2021

Background: To analyse regional corneal epithelial and stromal remodelling after epithelium-off (epi-off) continuous accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) for keratoconus (KC).Methods: In this retrospective study, 20 patients (33 eyes) who were treated with epi-off continuous accelerated CXL (KXL system; Avedro, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). All treatments were performed with ultraviolet-A (UVA) (energy, 7.2 J/cm2; irradiance, 30 mW/cm2), using continuous (4 min) illumination. The postoperative changes in corneal biometric and visual outcomes were compared. The corneal thickness changes were evaluated using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (Optovue). All patients were followed up for 12 months postoperatively.Results: Uncorrected distance visual acuity significantly improved from 1.06 ± 0.49 logarithm of the minimum angle resolution (logMAR) to 0.71 ± 0.37 logMAR at 3 months after epi-off continuous accelerated CXL (p<0.001). The corneal epithelial thickness changes were significant in the inner nasal at -1.48 ± 3.65 µm (p=0.024), -1.76 ± 4.21 µm in the inner superior-nasal (p=0.024), -1.52 ± 4.02 µm in the inner superior (p=0.046), -1.97 ± 4.57 µm in the inner superior-temporal (p=0.018), -2.12 ± 4.46 µm in the outer inferior (p=0.014), -2.15 ± 4.82 µm in the outer inferior-nasal (p=0.022), -1.73 ± 4.45 µm in the outer temporal (p=0.019) at 6 months after epi-off continuous accelerated CXL.Conclusions: Significant regional epithelial remodelling occurs after epi-off continuous accelerated CXL; a more regular corneal thickness profile and keratometric variations were observed after treatment.
Influences of Consumption of Herbal Tea Containing Galactagogue on Composition of Human Milk Macronutrients
Authors: Kundakçı Simay , Aktaç Şule , Boran Perran
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the influences of herbal tea consumption containing galactagogues on the composition of human milk energy and macro nutrients. MethodsIt was a cross-sectional study conducted between March and May 2018, involving mothers having 0-4 month old infants consuming (n=43) and non-consuming (n=56) herbal tea containing galactagogue. Energy and macronutrients of human milks collected from mothers by hand expression were measured using a human milk analyzer, and retrospective 1-day food consumption records were obtained. Significance level was accepted as p <0.05. ResultsMost preferred herbal tea type consumed by mothers was fennel (58.1%); followed by herbal tea mixture (34.9%) and cumin fennel (4.7%) respectively. It was determined that the consumption of herbal tea containing galactagogues did not affect the energy and macro nutrient content of the human milk (p>0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the type of herbal tea containing galactagogue and the content of human milk (p>0.05). ConclusionIt was determined that the herbal tea containing galactagogue did not affect the content of breast milk energy and macronutrients. Also; it was proposed that the safety, efficacy and possible side effects of these teas should be assessed in larger sample groups and randomized controlled trials.
Preoperative Ultrasound to Map the Three-Dimensional Anatomical Distribution of the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve in Direct Anterior Approach for Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yao Yao , Wang Yexian , Zhuang Zaikai , Shen Ying , Jiang Qing , Chen Dongyang
Published: January 2021

Background：The postoperative complaints of hypoaesthesia or a burning sensation due to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) injury in patients is not yet solved. The present study aimed to identify the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of LFCN using preoperative ultrasound and evaluate the rate of injury in direct anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty. Methods： A total of 59 patients were allocated to the ultrasound group and 58 patients were in the control group. Surgeons received the data of 3D distribution of LFCN only in the ultrasound group before surgery with respect to the direction, the depth on the skin, and the length to tensor fasciae latae (TFL). The anatomical characteristics of LFCN in the surgical region were summarized. At 1 and 3 months post-surgery, the rate of LFCN injury and abnormal sensitive area were evaluated in both groups. Results： Based on the data from the ultrasound group, over 90% of patients had one or two branches of LFCN. LFCN always courses in the fascia layer, the depth ranged from 6.8±2.6 (3.0 ~12.0) mm to 11.1±3.4 (4.0 ~17.0) mm and depended on the thickness of the subcutaneous fat, and length was 3.3±4.6 (-5.0 ~10.0) mm at proximal part and -2.7±4.7 (-10.0 ~8.0) at distal end to the medial edge of TFL. Both the rate of LFCN injury and abnormal sensory area in the ultrasound group were significantly lower than those in the control group (3.4% VS 25.9%, P=0.001, χ21=11.893, at 1 month; 3.4% VS 22.4%, P=0.005, χ21=9.471, at 3 months).Conclusions： LFCN mostly courses along the medial border of TFL in the fascia layer. The 3D distribution of LFCN could help the surgeons to evaluate the risk of injury preoperatively and decrease the rate of injury during the operation. However, some branch injuries, especially for the fan type LFCN, could not be avoided.
Suppression of MD2 Inhibits Breast Cancer in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Zheng Shurong , Fu Weida , Ma Ruimin , Huang Qidi , Gu Junwei , Zhou Jieyu , Lu Kangkang , Guo Guilong
Published: January 2021

Background: To explore the effects of the intervening measure targeting myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2) on breast cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The expression of MD2 in normal breast cells (Hs 578Bst) and three kinds of breast carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231s and 4T1) were detected by western blot. MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation of 4T1 cells treated by L6H21, cell migration and invasion was measured by wound healing assay and transwell matrigel invasion assay, respectively. In addition, to further study the role of MD2 in tumor progression, we assessed the effects of inhibition of MD2 on the progression of xenograft tumors in vivo.Results: The expression of MD2 is much higher in MDA-MB-231s and 4T1cells than that in normal breast cells (Hs 578Bst) or MCF-7 cells (P <0.05). In vitro, suppression of MD2 by L6H21 has a significant inhibition of proliferation, migration and invasion in 4T1 cells in dose-dependent manner. In vivo, L6H21 pretreatment significanly improved survival of 4T1-bearing mice (P <0.05). Additionally, we also observed that there was none of the mice died from the toxic of 10 mg·kg−1 L6H21 in 60 days. Conclusion: Overall, this work indicates that suppression of MD2 shows progression inhibition in vitro and significantly prolong survival in vivo. These findings provide the potential experimental evidence for using MD2 as a therapeutic target of breast carcinoma.
Allogeneic Neural Stem Cell Transplant Promotes Functional Recovery of Locomotion After Complete Transected Spinal Cord Injury Predominantly by Secreting Neurotrophic Factors
Authors: Liu Shuo , Fan Caixia , Xie Yuanyuan , Wang Liudi , Cui Yanyan , Wang Bin
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveCell-based therapy is a promising strategy for spinal cord injury (SCI) repair, but faced the challenges to direct the neuronal differentiation of appropriate neuron subtypes for achieving the neuronal replacement. We investigated whether allogeneic beforehand in vitro differentiated neural stem cells (NSCs) could relieve the adverse effects of regeneration inhibitory niche and promote motor functional recovery by accomplishing neuronal replacement after transplant into SCI rats. MethodsCollagen scaffold combined with digested NSCs, NSC sphere, differentiated neurons, and sphere of differentiated neurons were transplanted into completely transected SCI in rats and therapeutic outcomes were investigated. Next, we enriched complex of neurotrophic factors secreted from culture medium of NSCs, neurons, and sphere of neurons and a total of 2 mg total enriched protein combined with collagen scaffold were transplanted into SCI to further assay whether allogeneic NSCs transplant promotes the recovery of SCI predominantly by secreting neurotrophic factors. ResultsNSCs differentiated into neurons in density-dependent manner in vitro and sphere of NSCs could counteract myelin-induced inhibition of neuronal differentiation. Collagen scaffold combined with digested NSCs, NSC sphere, differentiated neurons, and sphere of differentiated neurons were transplanted into completely transected SCI in rats. Overall the cell treatment groups had a much better locomotor recovery, tissue remodeling, and newborn neuron formation than alone collagen scaffold treatment, compared with alone collagen material transplant and control group. However, unexpectedly, the differentiated cell treatment (differentiated neurons and sphere of differentiated neurons transplants) did not present striking better locomotor recovery than the undifferentiated NSCs and sphere of NSCs treatments, only sphere of neurons showed a slight increase in BBB score compared to other cell treatments. Next, we enriched complex of neurotrophic factors secreted from culture medium of NSCs, neurons, and sphere of neurons. BBB score analysis showed that the secreted neurotrophic factors from NSCs, neurons, and sphere of neurons would promote functional recovery of SCI to the same extent. ConclusionAllogeneic NSCs transplant promotes functional recovery of SCI predominantly by secreting neurotrophic factors, not direct neuronal replacement of differentiated neurons from transplanted cells.
Iranian Nurses’ Perspective of Barriers to Sexual Counseling For Patients With Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Shahrbabaki Parvin Mangolian , Rabori Roghayeh Mehdipour , Gazestani Tayyebeh , Forouzi Mansooreh Azzizadeh
Published: January 2021

Background: Sexual counseling is an important component of cardiac rehabilitation that. This study aimed to investigate Iranian nurses’ perspective of barriers to sexual counseling for patients with myocardial infarction. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 169 nurses. Instruments included demographic characteristics and barriers to providing sexual counseling. Results: The strongest barrier was related to patients’ religion, and belief (2.83 ± 0.52) and embarrassment (2.82 ± 0.52%), the nurses are not comfortable discussing sexual issues (2.67 ± 0.62), lack of experience in the field of sexual counseling (2.62 ± 0.65), and sexual hesitation in advising patients (2.57 ± 0.7). About organizational barriers, the highest mean scores were related to the lack of support from managers (2.67 ± 0.66) and the lack of a proper supervision system (2.62 ± 0.72). Conclusion: patient-related barriers were the most common barriers rooted in the culture dominant in society regarding sex issues. Therefore, it should be cultured through continuing education and the mass media so as not to be perceived as a taboo in health care settings. Health professionals should be change the attitudes of patients towards sexuality through sexual health education and counseling to meet patients' needs and improve their sexual health.
Production Losses Attributable to Suicide Deaths in European Union
Authors: Łyszczarz Błażej
Published: January 2021

Background: Suicide is an important public health problem with multidimensional consequences for societies. One of the under-researched areas of suicide consequences are cross-country analyses of production losses associated with these deaths. The aim of this study was to estimate the production losses (indirect cost) of suicide deaths in 28 European Union states (EU-28) in 2015.Methods: The study used societal perspective and human capital approach to investigate production losses due to suicide mortality at working age. Eurostat’s data on the number of deaths was used to identify suicide mortality burden in terms of years of productive life lost. Labour and economic indicators were applied to proxy the discounted value of potential economic output lost. A one-way deterministic sensitivity analysis was conducted to test the robustness of the estimates.Results: The production losses attributable to suicide deaths in EU-28 in 2015 were €8.46 billion. The per suicide (per capita) indirect cost of these deaths was €215,579 (€16.60) for the whole EU-28 population; Luxembourg (Ireland) experienced the highest per suicide (per capita) burden of €573,760 (€45.18). The losses constituted an economic burden of 0.057% of EU-28’s GDP and this share ranged from 0.016% in Cyprus to 0.150% in Latvia. Most of the losses (71.2%-91.6%) were due to men’s deaths. The results of the sensitivity analysis exhibit a large variation of losses; the highest (lowest) cost was identified with no adjustment for lower employment rates among those committing suicide (adjustment for minimum productivity) and was 101.6% higher (58.1% lower) on average than in the base scenario.Conclusion: Public health actions aimed at prevention of suicides might reduce their health burden but also contribute to the economic welfare of European societies.
Study of Irradiation Temperature Effect on Change of Structural, Optical and Strength Properties of BeO Ceramics When Irradiated With Ar8+ and Xe22 Heavy Ions
Authors: Ryskulov A.E. , Zdorovets M.V. , Kozlovskiy Artem , Shlimas D.I. , Kislitsin S.B. , Uglov V.V.
Published: January 2021

This paper presents the results of the study of the effect of irradiation temperature on structural and optical distortions and deformations, as well as the strength properties of BeO ceramics as a result of irradiation with Ar8+ and Xe22+ ions at a radiation dose of 5х1013 cm-2. The choice of radiation dose is due to the effect of overlapping defective areas arising along the trajectories of ions in ceramics, which makes it possible to model radiation damage caused by the effect of accumulation as a result of cascade collisions and overlapping damaged areas. The temperature range of 300-1000 K was chosen to simulate different operating conditions, as well as the possibility of simulating partial annealing of defects during irradiation at high temperatures. During the research it was established that high-temperature radiation reduces influence of size of electronic and nuclear power losses of ions of Ar8+ and Xe22+ with energy of 70 MeV and 231 MeV, respectively, on extent of radiation damage of ceramics of BeO. Irradiation at a temperature of 1000 K results in an equal 14% change in dislocation density for these particles, a comparable decrease in the yield intensity of optically stimulated luminescence by 5% and 15%, as well as microhardness by 25% and 30%, respectively.
Liver injury changed the biological characters of serum small extracellular vesicles and reprogramed hepatic macrophages in mice
Authors: Lv Xiufang , Li Jing , He Li , Cheng Li , Zhao Min , Liu Weiqi , Zhang Anqi , Sun Yufeng , Qin Gang , Lu Peng , Ji Yuhua , Ji Juling
Published: January 2021

Background

Serum small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and their small RNA (sRNA) cargoes could be promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of liver injury. However, the dynamic changes of serum sEVs and their sRNA components during liver injury and the biological functions of these liver-injury-serum sEVs have not been well characterized.
Methods

To identify serum sEV biomarkers for liver injury, we established a carbon tetrachloride-induced mouse liver injury model to simulate acute liver injury (ALI), chronic liver injury (CLI) and recovery. Serum sEVs were obtained and characterized. Serum sEV sRNAs were profiled. Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNA) were compared to mouse liver enriched miRNAs and previously reported circulating miRNAs that related to human liver diseases. The biological significance was evaluated by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of altered sEV miRNAs, and conditional culture of ALI serum sEVs with primary hepatic macrophages.
Results

We found that both ALI and CLI changed the concentration and morphology of serum sEVs. The proportion of serum sEV miRNA increased upon liver injury, with the liver as the primary contributor. The altered serum sEV miRNAs based on mice's study were consistent with those human liver diseases-related circulating miRNAs. Serum sEV miRNA signatures for ALI and CLI, and a panel of miRNAs as common marker for liver injury, were established. The differential serum sEV miRNAs in ALI mainly contributed to liver steatosis and inflammation, while those in CLI primarily contributed to hepatocellular carcinoma and hyperplasia. ALI serum sEVs decreased both CD86 and CD206 expression in monocyte-derived macrophages, but increased CD206 expression in resident macrophages.
Conclusion

Serum sEVs in the different stages of liver injury carried different sRNA messages and contributed to diverse pathological processes. ALI serum sEVs might alleviate liver damage by depolarizing monocyte-derived macrophages and educating resident liver macrophage to M2 like cells.
A Pilot Study on Autism Spectrum Disorders in Mali: Parental Concerns About Child Developmental Milestones and Late Diagnostic Age
Authors: Sangare Modibo , DIARRA Ya , Konate Djeneba , Haidara Mohamed Sanoussi , Karembe Adama , Keita Bourama , Dolo Housseini , Kouyate Modibo , Doumbia Fatoumata , Sidibe Oumar , Diakite Seidina A , Kayentao Kassoum , Traore Drissa , Toure Amadou , Doumbia Seydou , Diakite Mahamadou , Kim Hyung-Goo , Awandare Gordon A
Published: January 2021

BackgroundIn Mali, the health facility-based prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in Mali was 4.5% (105/2,343) and the age of first medical visit for autistic children was around 7 years old in 2018. Parental recognition of developmental abnormalities initiates the early autism detection and diagnosis. We aimed to assess the feasibility of a main study to associate parental concerns with early first medical visits and subsequent ASD diagnostic in Mali.MethodsWe conducted a pilot study from November 2017 to July 2019. We surveyed 57 parents of autistic children aged 3-14 years old.ResultsParents were concerned over verbal communication in 54.1% and reciprocal social interaction in 43.8%. Children with ASD had their first medical visit after 18 months old in 66.7%, ≥ two medical visits in 87.7%, and were identified after 36 months old in 76.8%.ConclusionParental concerns were not significantly associated with early first medical visit and ASD identification. This pilot study will help in the design of larger studies on the same topic in Mali.
Morphokinetic Analysis of Preimplantation Development of Mouse Oocytes Fertilised in Vitro Using a Non-humidifying Incubator With Time-lapse Cinematography (CCM-iBIS)
Authors: Watanabe Hiroyuki , Ito Haruka , Shintome Ayumi , Suzuki Hiroshi
Published: January 2021

Preimplantation development of mouse oocytes fertilised in vitro was assessed in a non-humidified incubator with time-lapse cinematography (CCM-iBIS). The developmental rates of embryos to the 4-cell and blastocyst stages under 5% CO2, 5% O2, and 90% N2 in CCM-iBIS were significantly higher than those under 5% CO2 in air in CCM-iBIS and a conventional CO2 incubator (CPO2-2301). The developmental speed of embryos was much faster in those cultured under lower oxygen tension in CCM-iBIS than in higher oxygen tension in CCM-iBIS and CPO2-2301. Embryonic development was much faster and more synchronised under lower oxygen tension. Non-humidified culture did not affect the development of the embryos. Mouse embryos cultured at lower oxygen tension reached 2-cell at 17 h, 3-cell at 39 h, 4-cell at 40 h, initiation of compaction at 58 h, morula at 70 h, and blastocyst at 82 h after insemination on average. Although compaction partially unravelled with cell division in compacting embryos, it appeared to complete depending on the timing of observation. Observation at a conventional 24-h interval 13 likely misjudges the developmental rate to morula. Determination of embryonic development 72 h after insemination may be more appropriate for “compacting morula” rather than “morula” in mice.
Global Analysis of the Apple Fruit Microbiome: Are All Apples the Same?
Authors: Abdelfattah Ahmed , Freilich Shiri , Bartuv Rotem , Zhimo  , Kumar Ajay , Biasi Antonio , Salim Shoshana , Feygenberg Oleg , Burchard Erik , Dardick Christopher , Liu Jia , Khan Awais , Ellouze Walid , Ali Shawkat , Spadaro Davide , Torres Rosario , Teixido Neus , Ozkaya Okan , Buehlmann Andreas , Vero Silvana , Mondino Pedro , Berg Gabriele , Wisniewski Michael , Droby Samir
Published: January 2021

Background: Apple is one of the most highly consumed fruits worldwide and is the largest fruit crop produced in temperate regions. Fruit quality, safety and long-term storage are issues that are important to growers, distributors, and consumers. We present the first worldwide study on the apple fruit microbiome that examines questions regarding the composition and the assembly of microbial communities on and in apple fruit. Results: Results revealed that the composition and structure of the fungal and bacterial communities associated with ‘Royal Gala’ apple fruit at harvest maturity vary and are highly dependent on geographical location. The study also confirmed that the spatial variation in the fungal and bacterial composition of different fruit tissues exists at a global level. Fungal diversity varied significantly in fruit harvested in different geographical locations and suggest a potential link between location and the type and rate of postharvest diseases that develop in each country. Although the geography, climatic conditions, and management practices may have a significant impact on the composition of fruit microbial communities, we were able to identify a 'core' microbiome that is shared in fruit across the globe. Conclusions: Results of this study provide foundational information about the apple fruit microbiome that can be utilized for the development of novel approaches for the management of fruit quality and safety, as well as for reducing losses due to the establishment and proliferation of postharvest pathogens. It also lays the groundwork for studying the complex microbial interactions that occur on apple fruit surfaces.
Pea Protein Reduce Serum Cholesterol Levels in Hypercholesterolemia Hamsters by Modulating Compositions of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites
Authors: Tong Li-Tao , Xiao Tianzhen , Wang Lili , Lu Cong , Liu Liya , Zhou Xianrong , Wang Aixia , Qin Wanyu , Wang Fengzhong
Published: January 2021

Background: Epidemiological and experimental studies have indicated that an increase of plant proteins in diets, as well as a substitution of red meat proteins or processed meat proteins with plant proteins, was closely associated with the reduction of cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality. One of the most important ways of plant proteins to reduce the incidence rate of CVD is to lowering cholesterol concentration in serum and liver. Mounting evidences have attributed this effect of plant proteins to their regulation of gut microbiota. However, it remains to be elucidated whether gut microbiota play decisive roles in modulating host cholesterol by dietary protein from diverse sources of plant or meat. This study attempted to clarify the relevant mechanisms by comparing the difference in cholesterol metabolism modulation between pea and pork proteins intake of hypercholesterolemia hamster, as well as its relationships with gut microbiome and metabolic pathway.Results: We have verified that there are significant differences in the regulations of serum and liver cholesterol levels among different proteins intake from plants (rice, oat, soybean, pea) or meat (chicken, pork, beef), and the corresponded differences in gut microbiota were also observed. The decisive roles of gut microbiota in regulating host cholesterol were illustrated by the findings that the differences in serum cholesterol level between pea protein and pork protein disappeared in the hamsters treated with antibiotics. The experimental results of cross-over intervention of pea and pork protein showed that the serum cholesterol level was reversed with dietary exchange. Most interestingly, the corresponded changes in abundance of dominant bacteria suggested that the “beneficial” microbe Muribaculaceae were responsible for the inhibitory effect of pea protein on serum cholesterol level, while the opposite effect of pork protein was due to the “harmful” microbe Erysipelotrichaceae. Moreover, dietary pea protein supplement altered cecal metabolites including changes in arginine/histidine pathway, primary bile acid biosynthesis, short chain fatty acids or other lipid-like molecules, which involved in cholesterol metabolism.Conclusion: Dietary pea protein exerted cholesterol-lowering effects through modulating the growth of selected gut microbiota in hamsters. The substitution of pork protein with pea protein could reshape the gut microbiota, affect the contents of metabolites in caecum, and thus regulate cholesterol metabolism. These findings suggest specific bacteria and metabolites can be potential therapeutic targets of hypercholesterolemia by plant protein intervention.