bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Concordance of Medication-Taking Behaviour in Tuberculosis Patients in Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Wahyuni Arlinda Sari , Soeroso Noni Novisari , Wahyuni Dian Dwi
Published: September 2018

AIM: This study aimed to analyse tuberculosis (TB) medication-taking behaviour based on the concept of concordance between health workers and TB patients in Medan, Indonesia.
METHODS: This study was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 100 patients undergoing TB treatment at several public health centres in Medan City participated in the study.
RESULTS: The results showed that there was a relationship between the concordance behaviour of the health workers with the attitude and medication-taking behaviour of the patients (p < 0.05). However, there was no relationship found between concordance and knowledge of the patients (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The results showed that most of the concordance behaviour, knowledge, attitude, and behaviour in the sample were good.
Pathological Profile, Early Complications, Functional and Oncological Outcome after Radical Cystectomy - Ileal Conduit for Bladder Cancer Patients in Sanglah General Hospital between January 2013 and December 2016
Authors: Wayan Yudiana , Ayu Pratiwi Dinar , Gde Oka A. A. , Wayan Niryana , Widyadharma I Putu Eka
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND: Radical cystectomy is the standard treatment for nonmetastatic bladder cancer (muscle-invasive and selective superficial bladder cancer). There are many types of urinary diversion after this procedure; the ileal conduit is the most and simplest one.
AIM: To asses clinical, pathological profile, early complication, functional and oncological outcome after radical cystectomy and ileal conduit for muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients.
METHOD: Between January 2013 and December 2016, there were 68 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer. From those patients, 24 (35.29%) patients had been performed radical cystectomy with ileal conduit type for urinary diversion (100%). Patients demographic, clinical and pathological profile, early postoperative complication, functional and oncological outcome were collected from the medical record.
RESULT: Among the 24 patients who underwent radical cystectomy, 20 patients were male (83.3%) with the mean age was 57.3 y.o (33–77 y.o). Twelve patients (50%) showed pT4 and pT2 respectively. Based on pathological result 20 patient (83.34%) had the urothelial carcinoma, three patients (12.5%) had squamous cell carcinoma, and one patient (4.1%) had adenocarcinoma. Two patients (8.3%) got neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and nine patient (37.5%) of patients followed adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery. Wound dehiscence, fistula enterocutan, prolong ileus, leakage anastomosis and sepsis were kind of complication after surgery. One year's survival rate is 84%, mortality rate 20.8% and a recurrence rate of 20.8% in 4 years follow up.
CONCLUSION: Radical cystectomy and ileal conduit type of urinary diversion still become the preferable procedure for nonmetastatic bladder cancer with good functional and oncological outcome.
Clinical and Morphological Aspects in Assessing the Safety of OSPL-502 with Repeated Dose Administration
Authors: Zhuchkov Sergey A. , Kinzirsky Alexandr S. , Koroleva Irina V. , Vicharev Yuriy B.
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND: OSPL-502 is a new potential medicinal drug which stimulates a cognitive function. It is necessary to reveal clinical manifestations of its general toxic effect and determine organs that are most heavily affected by this pharmacological substance.
AIMS: To describe and estimate clinical and histopathological changes in the organism of experimental animals in response to the repeated administration of pharmacological substance OSPL-502.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted by the OECD Guidelines (Test No. 407) on Sprague-Dawley rats. The drug was administered at the dose of 20, 60 and 180 mg/kg.
RESULTS: The repeated doses of OSPL-502 have not caused any toxic effects on the growth of body weight, food and water consumption of the tested animals, or affected the musculoskeletal system and exploratory behaviour of the rats in the doses of 20 and 60 mg/kg. The dose of 180 mg/kg (1800 times larger than the therapeutic dose) has shown clinical signs of toxicity in females but has not resulted in the death of the animals. Due to morphological methods, we have found histostructural changes in the liver, kidneys and adrenal glands of the rats that were treated with the test substance in the maximum dose. These changes are reversible and reduce within 14 days after the admission of the studied substances is cancelled.
CONCLUSION: OSPL-502 at the dose of 180 mg/kg has a weakly pronounced toxic effect, the dose of 60 mg/kg is the threshold, and that of 20 mg/kg is no-observable-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL); the liver, kidneys and adrenal glands can be considered target-organs for the tested substance.
Multinodular and Vacuolating Neuronal Tumor
Authors: Zahra Charmaine , Grech Reuben
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND: Multinodular and Vacuolating Neuronal Tumor (MVNT) of the cerebrum is a benign lesion described recently in the WHO CNS tumours in 2016. Although this tumour is uncommon, clinicians should be acquainted with the possible presentation and imaging findings.
CASE REPORT: We present a case of a young gentleman whose only symptom was absence seizures. Brain imaging showed lesions, compatible with this rare diagnosis.
CONCLUSION: Our description of imaging findings on MRI highlights the characteristic cystic appearances of note in the right occipital lobe, in contrast to the temporal lobe as the predominant location found in previous cases.
Cryptic diversity in Andrognathus corticarius Cope, 1869 and description of a new Andrognathus species from New Mexico (Diplopoda, Platydesmida, Andrognathidae)
Authors: Shorter Patricia L. , Hennen Derek A. , Marek Paul E.
Published: September 2018

Andrognathus is a genus of small, thin-bodied millipedes found in deciduous forests of North America. Poorly understood, these organisms inhabit decaying wood and have morphologically conserved and difficult-to-identify sexual characters that have limited study historically. Recent use of scanning electron microscopy has uncovered variation in male genitalia that was previously unknown in the genus. The distribution of Andrognathus and the extent of this variability across the continent, however, were undocumented, and a wealth of natural history collections remained uncatalogued. Here a new species of Andrognathus is described from New Mexico, Andrognathusgrubbsisp. n., natural history collections are utilized to create a comprehensive map of the genus, and a neotype established for the type species, Andrognathuscorticarius Cope, 1869. Analysis of the cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) for A.corticarius was completed for the type series and individuals across the species distribution, but little variation was found. Andrognathusgrubbsisp. n. joins A.corticarius and A.hoffmani Shear & Marek, 2009 as the only members of the genus.
A new genus and species of clingfish from the Rangitāhua Kermadec Islands of New Zealand (Teleostei, Gobiesocidae)
Authors: Conway Kevin W. , Stewart Andrew L. , Summers Adam P.
Published: September 2018

Flexorincus, new genus and species, is described from 15 specimens (14.0–27.2 mm SL) collected from shallow (0–9 meters) intertidal and sub-tidal waters of the Rangitāhua Kermadec Islands, New Zealand. The new taxon is distinguished from all other members of the Gobiesocidae by a combination of characters, including a heterodont dentition comprising both conical and distinct incisiviform teeth that are laterally compressed with a strongly recurved cusp, an oval-shaped opening between premaxillae, a double adhesive disc with a well-developed articulation between basipterygia and ventral postcleithra, and many reductions in the cephalic lateral line canal system. The new taxon is tentatively placed within the subfamily Diplocrepinae but shares a number of characteristics of the oral jaws and the adhesive disc skeleton with certain members of the Aspasminae and Diademichthyinae.
Fêtes urbaines en Afrique
Authors: Akpaki Roger
Published: September 2018

Plusieurs communautés cohabitent, depuis des siècles, à Dassa-Zoumé au centre de la République du Bénin. La fête des Omojagun était une manifestation imposée par la communauté qui détenait le pouvoir politique et qui dominait les autres. L’administration coloniale profita des querelles entre les communautés et au sein des familles pour anéantir toute idée de valorisation des coutumes à travers de telles manifestations. Le régime dit révolutionnaire, instauré dans le pays en 1972, en fit autant dans le cadre de sa campagne contre la féodalité et les pratiques obscurantistes. Lorsque plus tard, l’atmosphère politique devient moins hostile aux coutumes, on parla de « revalorisation des traditions ». Entre temps, l’évolution des rapports entre les différents communautés, la modernité et d’autres influences extérieures ont largement modifié le contenu et la signification de cette fête.
Fêtes urbaines en Afrique
Authors: ND. Tshingi Kueno
Published: September 2018

Dans la ville coloniale de Léopoldville (Kinshasa), les Africains gardèrent certaines fêtes traditionnelles et adoptèrent également les cérémonies occidentales telles que le baptême et le mariage religieux. Les commémorations étaient inconnues dans l’Afrique traditionnelle. Initiées par la colonisation, elles portaient sur l’histoire de la métropole. Après l’indépendance, les nouveaux Etats africains commencèrent à célébrer leurs fêtes nationales. Les fêtes africaines et occidentales « africanisées » engendrèrent des activités lucratives dans l’habillement, dans la musique et dans le commerce de boissons alcooliques. Les rencontres de football entre les trois grandes équipes de Kinshasa devinrent des occasions de fête. Sous la règne de Mobutu, l’enrichissement illicite banalisa les fêtes. Le régime imposa ses commémorations. La nouvelle « ère démocratique » est encore à la recherche de ses dates mémorables. Malheureusement l’appauvrissement général de la population limite les envies de fêtes et les réjouissances quotidiennes à Kinshasa se sont réduites et ont perdu leur âme.
Fêtes urbaines en Afrique
Authors: Gondola Charles Didier
Published: September 2018

Cet article a pour ambition d’explorer la fête, à Kinshasa et Brazzaville, non pas seulement comme lieu de sociabilité mais aussi comme espace de résistance et de subversion en situation coloniale. La fête se décline dans un temps contesté, le couvre feu ; elle se loge dans un espace symbolique et stratégique, le bar-dancing ; elle mobilise des acteurs subversifs, les « femmes libres » qui ont tout à gagner à renverser, le temps d’une fête, les structures verticales de la société diurne. La fête accomplit son cycle révolutionnaire en faisant contre-jour à la réalité. Elle symbolise cet « ailleurs » où tout devient possible et en même temps acceptable. Il faut une révolution pour accomplir la fête mais la fête est elle-même une révolution.
Fêtes urbaines en Afrique
Authors: Nativel Didier
Published: September 2018

Le retour à Madagascar en 1900 du gouverneur général Gallieni est l’occasion de grandes cérémonies urbaines en son honneur. Son entrée triomphale à Tananarive en constitue le moment clé. Il puise alors aussi bien dans le registre des cérémonies républicaines que dans celui de l’époque royale merina , afin de promouvoir une réconciliation officielle entre la France et les Malgaches. En s’y associant, les colons et les notables malgaches entendent défendre leurs intérêts, sans adhérer totalement à l’illusion de ces grandes manifestations de commande, à la gloire du « nouveau roi de Madagascar ». De même, l’essentiel de la population de la capitale profite avant tout d’une visibilité momentanée pour se réapproprier la ville et affirmer des pratiques festives propres.
Fêtes urbaines en Afrique
Authors: Fourchard Laurent
Published: September 2018

La ville de Ouagadougou fut marquée, dans la première moitié du XX e siècle, par une christianisation discontinue de son espace urbain et de ses marges rurales. Si les cérémonies catholiques étaient, comme ailleurs, un instrument d’évangélisation des masses urbaines et rurales, leurs sens et manifestations variaient considérablement selon la conjoncture. Effectivement, dans un premier temps (1901-1930), elles restèrent discrètes et confinées dans l’espace privé de la mission avant de devenir publiques et ostentatoires dans les années 1930. Cette rupture procède avant tout d’une logique territoriale forte et de l’affirmation du pouvoir catholique sur la ville. En effet, les inaugurations multiples d’édifices de culte (cases de catéchistes, églises, cathédrale) furent avant tout les actes fondateurs d’un espace catholique expansionniste au moment précis où les éléments concurrents dans le champ de la symbolisation urbaine disparaissaient (palais du gouverneur, mairie, temples et mosquées). Simultanément, se développaient des cérémonies exubérantes et baroques héritées de la Contre-Réforme catholique (culte marial, culte du Saint Sacrement, dévotion eucharistique). Ce baroque fut colonial dans la mesure où, derrière la façade unitaire et populaire de la fête, se recomposaient les hiérarchies sociales et raciales de la ville. En outre, le faste, les réjouissances et les sociabilités festives cachaient un prosélytisme belliqueux de la mission contre ses adversaires consacrés (protestants, musulmans, francs maçons) ou potentiels (administration coloniale). Que la participation de la chefferie fut non spontanée ou que les participants fussent païens importaient peu. Cette adhésion apparente de masse était nécessaire aux Pères Blancs pour légitimer leur action et discréditer celle de leurs adversaires. Le baroque colonial fut ainsi le meilleur moyen de rendre populaire et convivial un catholicisme agressif dans la sphère de l’intime et du privé.
Fêtes urbaines en Afrique
Authors: Tirefort Alain
Published: September 2018

Evalué par opposition aux normes européennes, le tam-tam – un ensemble de musiques, chants et danses – choque la société blanche de Côte d’Ivoire dans le premier quart du vingtième siècle. Il symbolise l’Afrique Noire encore « peu touchée par la civilisation ». Les grandes fêtes des années 1930, en programmant rationnellement l’occupation de l’espace urbain, proposent un autre modèle de réjouissances. « Récupérant » le tam-tam considéré comme un témoignage exotique, le show Abidjanais fastueux de 1934 s’affiche comme le complément indispensable du système colonial. Orales, iconographiques ou écrites, les sources révèlent l’intérêt porté à la fête et à la définition de son espace par les hommes de la colonisation. La fête doit rendre manifeste le nouvel ordre social.
Fêtes urbaines en Afrique
Authors: Jézéquel Jean-Hervé
Published: September 2018

Cet article sur le théâtre francophone en AOF des années trente aux années cinquante s’intéresse moins à l’analyse des corpus de textes qu’aux pratiques sociales et festives qui entourent l’activité théâtrale. Dans cette perspective, il s’agit de montrer, au delà de la seule analyse en termes de résistance/collaboration, que le théâtre devient un lieu privilégié de regroupement et de construction de nouvelles identités urbaines. Né à l’initiatives des instances scolaires, le théâtre sert d’abord à compléter la formation d’élites lettrées conformes aux besoins de l’administration coloniale. L’étude des lieux, temps et public de ce « théâtre de Ponty » montre qu’il fait alors partie intégrante des fêtes coloniales dans les années trente. Après-guerre, alors que les instances scolaires se désintéressent du théâtre, les troupes se multiplient à travers l’AOF centrées sur des noyaux d’anciens Pontins. Le théâtre permet à ces élites lettrées de se retrouver autour de distractions qui leur sont propres et qui célèbrent des valeurs communes. Ce n’est que marginalement et sur le tard que ce théâtre se fait finalement plus revendicatif, évoluant de l’expression d’un timide nationalisme culturel à une critique plus politique du système colonial dans les années cinquante.
Fêtes urbaines en Afrique
Authors: d'Almeida-Topor Hélène
Published: September 2018

La proclamation de l’indépendance constitue l’acte fondateur des Etats africains issus de la colonisation et c’est tout naturellement dans les capitales que se déroulèrent les plus importantes manifestations marquant cet événement, bien que de nombreuses agglomérations, même de faible taille, aient eu à cœur de la fêter. Cette célébration offre le double aspect d’une rupture symbolique avec la colonisation, et d’une acceptation de son héritage prouvée par l’adoption du décorum français. Elle traduit également une symbiose entre les aspects exogènes contenus dans les programmes officiels et les traits culturels endogènes émanant de la population.
Fêtes urbaines en Afrique
Authors: Koffi Kodjo
Published: September 2018

Au-delà de ses aspects ludiques, la fête, privée ou publique, est avant tout la mise en scène par lui même d’un groupe, d’une communauté, d’un Etat, etc. On peut affirmer que toute célébration est une auto-célébration. A Lomé (Togo), vieille société citadine à la fois homogène culturellement et hiérarchisée socialement, la bourgeoisie côtière a très tôt utilisé les fêtes familiales (en particulier le rite social majeur que sont les funérailles) pour manifester aux yeux de tous sa fortune, ses relations, son occidentalisation… Ce milieu urbain original a aussi produit des formes particulières de théâtre, de musique, de danse, diversifiées selon les classes sociales, les lieux et les époques. Le sport, surtout initié par le monde du commerce (longtemps dominé par les entreprises et les mœurs anglaises) fut rapidement récupéré politiquement par les instances dirigeantes, coloniales, puis indépendantes. Les célébrations politiques sont naturellement le lieu par excellence de l’auto-glorification publique du pouvoir en place, chacun avec ses pratiques : très ségrégationnistes à l’époque allemande, plus intégratrices au temps des Français, relativement ouvertes au moment de l’Indépendance, complètement manipulatrices quand le régime devint totalitaire. Est ainsi particulièrement significative la rivalité entre les deux « fêtes nationales » : le 27 Avril, commémoration de l’Indépendance de 1960 (et de la victoire des partis « nationalistes » deux ans plus tôt) et le 13 Janvier, anniversaire officiel du coup d’Etat de 1967 et – officieux mais évident – de celui de 1963, rupture essentielle dans l’histoire tumultueuse du Togo. Depuis que la crise politique des années 1990 a rompu l’unanimisme de façade qui était imposé, les deux fêtes sont devenus les symboles de deux courants politiques antagonistes.
Les fondements empiriques de la preuve de l’influence bénéfique de l’organisation temporelle sur l’optimisation globale des firmes : une trajectoire évaluative ?
Authors: Amedzro St-Hilaire Walter
Published: September 2018

Cet article pose la question de l’évaluation empirique des mécanismes temporels dans la gestion des firmes. Peut-on prouver empiriquement, ou mettre en évidence hors de tout doute raisonnable, l’influence bénéfique du processus sur la dynamique globale des firmes ? Si oui, quelles explications donner aux éventuelles divergences d’appréciation entre modèles théoriques et modèles pratiques ? A cet égard, l’étude évalue les mesures d’optimisation organisationnelle comme indice de l’efficacité décisionnelle, tout en fournissant un aperçu des caractéristiques mêmes du processus : une première ! La dernière partie revient sur les évolutions contemporaines notamment l’indispensable prise en charge du lien de causes à effet dans l’appréciation empirique du processus temporel.
Les Scop : un type d’entrepreneuriat collectif ?
Authors: Trividic Gaël
Published: September 2018

Cet article propose une réflexion sur la notion d’entrepreneuriat collectif. Nous nous sommes d’abord interrogés sur cette notion et en avons dégagé les traits saillants pour focaliser notre attention sur la notion d’équipe entrepreneuriale. Nous avons cherché à la définir, en la distinguant de l’équipe dirigeante. Puis, nous avons appliqué ces éléments à l’univers des Scop. Ces entreprises mettent en effet en avant leur volonté d’entreprendre autrement, c’est-à-dire en associant très étroitement leurs salariés qu’elles qualifient de « co-entrepreneurs ». Une étude qualitative a été menée sous forme d’entretiens avec des dirigeants de Scop et des experts de l’Union Régionale des Scop de l’Ouest. D’après nos résultats, les Scop possèdent bien certaines dimensions qui fondent le caractère entrepreneurial d’une équipe, même si l’intensité de celles-ci peut varier d’une entreprise à une autre. En revanche, d’autres caractéristiques relevées sur le plan académique ne sont pas compatibles avec l’esprit de ces structures. Dans le cas des Scop, une place particulière dans les typologies d’entrepreneuriat collectif nous semble devoir être proposée.
Du Changement à la Transformation
Authors: Autissier David , Johnson Kevin , Metais-Wiersch Emily
Published: September 2018

En 60 ans, la conduite du changement est devenue un objet gestionnaire avec ses théories, ses modèles, ses processus, ses outils et ses compétences. L’émergence d’un changement exponentiel oblige les entreprises à penser en termes de transformation pour piloter tous les projets de changement avec un objectif d’ancrage et de développement de la capacité à changer. De nombreuses entreprises créent des directions de la transformation pour cela.
Manager des espaces de concertation dans le cadre d’un projet de transformation au sein d’une collectivité locale : quels liens avec la satisfaction au travail, le changement et les comportements pro-sociaux ?
Authors: Anton Philippe
Published: September 2018

La concertation et les effets induits sur l’appropriation de projets de changement demeurent un thème de recherche peu traité en sciences de gestion, alors même qu’elle est très présente dans la rhétorique du management public. Le monitorage de ce que nous définirons par espaces de concertation peut ainsi constituer une ressource pour l’action managériale sachant qu’à ce jour aucun instrument validé scientifiquement n’a été construit pour étudier le rôle et les effets de la concertation. Nous proposerons ainsi de montrer comment nous avons pu élaborer un instrument de mesure de la concertation et opérationnaliser un construit au travers d’une recherche-intervention menée dans une collectivité locale de 5 000 agents qui n’avait pas connu l’alternance politique depuis 102 ans. La contribution de cette expérimentation visera à montrer les liens établis entre la concertation et trois autres variables (le changement, la satisfaction au travail et les comportements pro-sociaux).
Le poids du déshonneur : William Hays aux prises avec le scandale Roscoe « Fatty » Arbuckle
Authors: Cavé Frédéric
Published: September 2018

Considéré comme le scandale qui ébranla Hollywood au début des années 1920 et qui entraîna la mise en place du Code de production une décennie plus tard, l’affaire Roscoe « Fatty » Arbuckle fait toujours l’objet de plusieurs approximations. La plus connue reste l’attribution de son exclusion de l’industrie du cinéma par le président de la MPPDA, William Hays. La seconde est de considérer Arbuckle comme une victime d’un groupe finalement restreint d’individus manigançant contre la ferveur populaire favorable à l’acteur. Enfin, les biographes d’Arbuckle négligent l’étude de la pression du Public Relations Committee dans les prises de décision. Cet article, sans chercher à résoudre les zones d’ombres qui persistent encore, entend revenir sur cette année 1922 afin de remettre en jeu les perspectives offertes jusqu’à présent par les biographes et les exégètes de la censure hollywoodienne.
« Les clefs de la propagande cinématographique en Europe » : les Soviétiques au premier festival de Cannes en 1946
Authors: Pozner Valérie
Published: September 2018

On a déjà évoqué l’importance que revêtit la présence soviétique lors du 1er festival de Cannes en 1946 où l’URSS récolta 8 prix (contre 6 à la France et 3 aux Etats-Unis). Le document qui est ici présenté et publié dans une traduction intégrale, permet d’envisager cet événement vu du côté soviétique. Conservé dans le fonds du Ministère du cinéma (Archives russes d’art et de littérature, le RGALI), il s’agit du rapport rédigé à son retour par le chef de la délégation, le cinéaste Mikhaïl Kalatozov, adressé aux membres du Comité Central du Parti communiste soviétique et en particulier à Andreï Jdanov. Outre l’enjeu du festival lui-même et de la place qu’entend y tenir l’URSS, il s’agit, à plus long terme, de la question de la distribution en Europe occidentale du cinéma soviétique. Face à la présence déjà bien établie des États-Unis, dans cette antichambre de la « guerre froide », l’URSS devrait pouvoir utiliser son cinéma dans le cadre du soft power. Pourtant les recommandations de Kalatozov resteront lettres mortes en raison du contexte national et international mais aussi en raison d’une mentalité « isolationniste » de la part de certains responsables. En mettant ce rapport en lien avec d’autres sources, on peut donner du cinéma soviétique une image plus complexe qu’à l’accoutumée, montrant à la fois les dissensions internes et la force de proposition des acteurs qui sollicitent les instances supérieures et prennent des initiatives. Loin d’être dirigé par des fonctionnaires sans âme, on voit ici que même dans les années sombres de l’après-guerre, le cinéma soviétique avait des capacités de réforme qui tenaient largement à l’implication de personnalités de talent comme Kalatozov.
Plasma Simulation for the Anode Layer Ionization Source Using in the Material Modification Process
Authors: Wang Jun Wei , Zhang Yi Chen , Zhang Lei
Published: September 2018

Ionization source based on thruster of anode layer using on the spacecraft has been investigated greatly recently. Based on the principle and structure model of the ionization source, we introduce the Particle-In-Cell Monte-Carlo-Collision (PIC-MCC) plasma simulation method into the vacuum discharge process and study on the discharge characteristics of the ionization source. The comparison results show that the discharge characteristics of anode layer ionization source such as the beam energy, beam density change with the discharge voltage, working pressure and gas type. The discharge characteristics from simulation get a good agreement with experimental results. The simulation is instructive for further research on the optimization design and characteristics research of ionization source in the material modification process.
Study on the Material Removal Rate of Nano-ZrO2 Ceramics under Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Diamond Fly-Cutting
Authors: Yan Yan Yan , Lv Yi Fan , Liu Jun Li
Published: September 2018

According to the removal mechanism of ductile regime machining of nanoZrO2 ceramics and the dynamic characteristics of ultrasonic vibration assisted diamond flying cutting (UVADFC), the model of the material removal rate (MRR) of nanoZrO2 ceramics under UVADFC and diamond flying cutting (DFC) have been proposed by infinitesimal method,. In this paper, the experiment of three factors and four levels was carried out to study the relationships between MRR and the machining parameters (cutting depth , spindle speed n and feed rate c). The results of the experiment shows that UVADFC is a cost-effective method which is applied to the machining of nanoZrO2 ceramics, and the MRR of nanoZrO2 ceramics under UVADFC is 1.3-2 times greater than that of DFC, and the degree of the factors significantly influence on the MRR of nanoZrO2 ceramics are feed rate, cutting depth, spindle speed in a sequence whether it is DFC or UVADFC. The results will shed more light on the material removal mechanism of UVADFC.
Mechanical Properties Evaluation Method on Welded Joints of X70 Pipeline Steel Based on Vickers Hardness and Indentation Test
Authors: Wang Yu Yang , Wang Jing , Li Xiao Yang , Gao Xiao Liang
Published: September 2018

In order to solve the problem that the mechanical properties of containers and pipelines are difficult to evaluate during service, this paper focuses on the quantitative expression of hardness and mechanical properties. Taking the X70 pipeline steel as the research object, with 12 welds of the tensile test and 192 times the hardness of indentation test, the establishment of a mathematical application suitable for engineering applications. The results shows: The hardness, indentation parameters and mechanical properties of the weld, base metal and heat affected zone did not change significantly with the pipe wall thickness, it is reasonable to test the hardness of the outer wall of the pipeline at the scene; Vickers hardness distribution can effectively explain the fracture of the specimen, hardness and plastic work was inversely proportional.
Multi-Scale Study of Tensile Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Film under Lateral Loading
Authors: Li Qiu , Gao Peng , Qiu Wei
Published: September 2018

In this paper, tensile mechanical properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) film under lateral loading are measured. Comparing with works before, it is found that elastic modulus of CNT film under lateral stretch is higher than that under longitudinal stretch, which is an interesting experimental result. With multi-scale experimental methods including SEM and micro-Raman spectroscopy, the change of CNT bundle network of the film under lateral stretch and axial elongation of CNTs in the loading direction are measured. Based on the experimental results, the control mechanism on difference of lateral and longitudinal mechanical properties of CNT film is analyzed.
One-Pot Synthesis of Iron Oxides-Doped Carbon Microspheres Composites
Authors: Guo Xiao Hui , Yang Hui Min , Guo Gui Bao
Published: September 2018

Iron oxides-doped carbon microspheres composites were synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal methods using Fe (NO3)3·9H2O as the iron source and glucose as the carbon source. The morphology, particle size and crystal structure can be controlled flexibly by altering the concentration of ferric salts and glucose. The SEM and XRD were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of materials. The SEM images indicated that the composites were microspheres, and as the salts concentration increase, adhesion occurred between microspheres. The XRD results showed that the composites were composed of Fe3O4 and amorphous carbon. The materials were applied to photocatalytic degradation of dye wastewater and possessed high performance.
Effects of Al2O3 Additive on Manganese Phosphate Conversion Coating of Carbon Steel
Authors: Noh Young Tai , Byoun Young Min , Kim Ho Young , Kang Ho Sang , Park Jong Kyu , Seo Son Gyo , Lee Chi Hwan
Published: September 2018

In this study, the effects of Al2O3additives on the anticorrosion and tribological properties of Mn3(PO4)2-coated carbon steel were investigated. The microstructure and morphology of the coatings were studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Vickers micro-hardness and wear resistance of the produced composite coatings were evaluated and compared with those of the non-composited Mn3(PO4)2coating. The electrochemical corrosion behaviors of the prepared coatings were investigated in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution by a potentiostat–galvanostat device to determine the effects of Al2O3on the formation of Mn3(PO4)2coatings on steel. Mn3(PO4)2composite conversion coatings were successfully created by chemical treatment, with the main component of hureaulite [(Mn,Fe)5H2(PO4)4∙4H2O]. The micro-hardness, wear resistance, corrosion performance, and passivation behaviors of the coatings were improved by adding Al2O3particles. The optimum concentration of Al2O3particles in the Mn3(PO4)2coating to attain the best microstructure, wear resistance properties, and corrosion resistance was 10 g/L.
Absorption Rate Evaluation of Fabric-Foam-Fabric Plied Material
Authors: Kan Chi Wai , Ko Clare Man Ching , Jaroensappayanant Phichitphol , Pangsai Manat , Mongkholrattanasit Rattanaphol
Published: September 2018

The absorption rate of fabric-foam-fabric plied materials for making intimate apparel was measured in this study. The fabric-foam-fabric plied materials were prepared by plying polyurethane foams (non-laminated and laminated) with different fabrics. The plied material is intended to be used in close-to-skin garment. Thus, the water absorption behaviour of the material would affect its comfort property. Therefore, we reported the absorption rate values of different plied samples and the results were discussed properly.
Short-term complications of anesthetic technique used in hip fracture surgery in elderly people
Authors: Norouzi Afsaneh , Behrouzibakhsh Fozhan , Kamali Alireza , Yazdi Bijan , Ghaffari Babak
Published: September 2018

Postoperative complications of fracture are one of the main problems in older patients with hip fracture. In this study, complications were observed 48 hours after surgery in different anesthetic procedures. This prospective cross sectional study was carried out over a 12-month period. All subjects over 55 years of age undergoing hip fracture surgery were selected for study with ASA class (American Society of Anesthesiology: one, two and three). After determining the vital signs in the operating room, anesthesia type (general, spinal and epidural) and various variables were recorded. It was observed that the spinal anesthesia method had the lowest level of postoperative disturbances of consciousness and had the shortest duration in terms of duration of time. On the other hand, general anesthesia was the least in terms of blood transfusion. Finally, epidural anesthetic method showed the least amount of pain 48 hours after operation and the least changes in blood pressure and heart rate.
Old muscle in young body: an aphorism describing the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Pietrangelo Tiziana , Fulle Stefania , Coscia Francesco , Gigliotti Paola Virginia , Fanò-Illic Giorgio
Published: September 2018

The chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) otherwise known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), is a debilitating syndrome whose identification is very complex due to lack of precise diagnostic criteria. This pathology begins with limitations in duration and intensity of exercise and rapid onset of pain during physical activity. Its etiology is unknown, and symptoms are not limited to the muscles. Epidemiology is rather difficult to delimit, even if it affects mainly young (20-40 years), female subjects. The results of muscular research show some peculiarities that can justify what has been observed in vivo. In particular, 1. presence of oxidative damage of lipid component of biological membranes and DNA not compensated by the increase of the scavenger activity; 2. Excitation-Contraction (E-C) alteration with modification of Ca2+ transport; 3. passage from slow to fast fiber phenotype; 4. inability to increase glucose uptake; 5. presence of mitochondrial dysfunction; and 6. genes expressed differentially (particularly those involved in energy production). The skeletal muscles of CFS / ME patients show a significant alteration of the oxidative balance due to mitochondrial alteration and of the fiber phenotype composition as shown in sarcopenic muscles of the elderly. Vice versa, the muscle catabolism does not appear to be involved in the onset of this syndrome. The data support the hypothesis that patients with CFS are subjected to some of the problems typical for muscle aging, which is probably related to disorders of muscle protein synthesis and biogenesis of mitochondria. Patients with CFS can benefit from an appropriate training program because no evidence suggests that physical exercise worsens symptoms. Type, intensity and duration of any physical activity that activates muscle contraction (including Electrical Stimulation) require further investigation even if it is known that non-exhaustive physical activity decreases painful symptomatology.
ERRATUM: Effects of combined endurance and resistance training in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A pilot, randomized, controlled study
Authors: Merico Antonio , Cavinato Marianna , Gregorio Caterina , Lacatena Alessandra , Gioia Elisabetta , Piccione Francesco , Angelini Corrado
Published: September 2018

Not available.
Faith and South African realities in practising forgiveness
Authors: Denton Rudy A.
Published: September 2018

The invocation and necessity of a forgiveness process have become complicated and multifaceted within the South African society with its realities of crime, poverty, racism, injustice and abuse. The rhythms of forgiveness compel us to identify our present situation. Individuals, as well as larger social groups, should begin to reflect on the importance of forgiveness to deal with transgression, violence, revenge and bitterness. I suggest that forgiveness within the Christian doctrine needs to be situated and embodied in specific habits and practices of Christian life within the South African society. In response, people in South Africa are called to remember past transgressions while pursuing the repairing and healing of the brokenness and separations in relationships by embodying forgiveness. It directs the importance of the Church’s prophetic task to proclaim the boundless gift of a constructive and transformative relationship with God, one another and God’s creation. Practising forgiveness includes a process of seeking to embody Christian forgiveness that involves the transformation of people’s lives, their world and their capability to restore communion within the field of social relations.
Salvation in Acts 16: Meaning and missional implication derived from the sociohistorical method
Authors: Igba Jacob T. , Stoker Henk G.
Published: September 2018

In Acts 16:17, a slave girl proclaims: ‘these men are the servants of the Most High God who have come to show a way of salvation!’ The Philippian jailer in Acts 16:30 asks, ‘What must I do to be saved?’ What do they have in common regarding their understanding of the meaning of salvation? How is it similar or different from the understanding of salvation in Africa? Are these in line with the salvation narrative aim of Luke in Acts 16? Through the sociohistorical method, this paper explores the Greco-Roman context of the slave girl and the jailer. In this process, a contextual similarity between the Greco-Roman context and the African context is identified and the impact of these contexts on the understanding of the meaning of salvation is examined. Placed in conversation with the Lukan meaning of salvation in the passage, an alternative meaning of salvation emerges, along with implications for the Greco-Roman and African contexts.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article shows interdisciplinarity by an engagement with a theological concept through the utilisation of the sociohistorical method in generating meaning and understanding of a New Testament text. It navigates the disciplines of New Testament, Biblical Studies, Mission and Apologetics.
Oral health consequences of smokeless tobacco use
Authors: Muthukrishnan Arvind , Warnakulasuriya Saman
Published: September 2018

Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use has many oral effects including oral cancer, leukoplakia and erythroplakia, oral submucous fibrosis (if mixed with areca nut), loss of periodontal support (recession) and staining of teeth and composite restorations. This review was aimed to provide information to identify oral lesions that occur due to the use of smokeless tobacco so that effective interventions can be undertaken to reduce morbidity and mortality from the use of SLT.
A systematic review on association between smokeless tobacco & cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Gupta Ruchika , Gupta Sanjay , Sharma Shashi , Sinha Dhirendra N. , Mehrotra Ravi
Published: September 2018

Background & objectives:

The association of smokeless tobacco (SLT) with cardiovascular diseases has remained controversial due to conflicting reports from various countries. Earlier meta-analyses have shown significantly higher risk of fatal myocardial infarction and stroke in SLT users. However, the risk of hypertension (HTN) with SLT products has not been reviewed earlier. This systematic review was undertaken to summarize the evidence available from global literature on the association of SLT with cardiovascular outcomes – heart disease, stroke and HTN.

Methods:

A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar since their inception till October 2017 using pre-decided search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data were extracted from studies included independently by two authors and reviewed.

Results:

The review included 50 studies - 23 on heart disease, 14 on stroke and 14 on HTN. Majority of the studies evaluating heart disease or stroke were conducted in the European Region and most of these did not find a significant association between SLT use and either of these outcomes. On the other hand, 70 per cent of the studies on HTN were reported from South-East Asian Region and about half of the studies found a higher risk of HTN in SLT users.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Current available evidence is insufficient to conclusively support the association of cardiovascular diseases with SLT use due to variability in results and methodological constraints in most of the studies. Region and product-specific well-designed studies are required to provide this evidence to the policymakers. However, advice on cessation of SLT products should be offered to patients presenting with cardiovascular diseases.
Relationship between type of smokeless tobacco & risk of cancer
Authors: Gupta Sanjay , Gupta Ruchika , Sinha Dhirendra N. , Mehrotra Ravi
Published: September 2018

Background & objectives:

Causative linkages of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use with oral potentially malignant disorders and cancers of oral cavity, oesophagus and pancreas have been reported. Published meta-analyses have provided pooled risk estimates for major cancers caused by SLT, both on global and regional levels. This systematic review was aimed at summarizing the available studies on occurrence and mortality risk of common cancers due to various SLT products.

Methods:

PubMed and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched from 1985 till January 2018 for observational studies on SLT and cancer. The included studies were evaluated and data were extracted and reviewed.

Results:

The review included 80 studies providing 121 risk estimates for various cancers. Majority of the studies from South-East Asian Region (SEAR) and Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) showed a significant positive association of SLT use with oral [odds ratio (OR) ranging from 1.48 to 27.4] and oesophageal cancers (OR between 2.06 and 12.8), while studies from European Region (EUR) reported a positive association with pancreatic cancer (OR between 1.6 and 2.1). Cancer-related mortality was evaluated in a few reports with higher risk of mortality for lung (OR between 2.0 and 9.1), cervical (OR 2.0) and prostate (OR 2.1) cancers. A wide variation was noted in the association of various cancers and specific SLT products based on their nature, methods of use and inherent toxicity. The majority of chewing tobacco products displayed higher risk for oral and oesophageal cancers while the same was not observed for snus.

Interpretation & conclusions:

This review emphasizes on the significantly positive association of SLT use with oral and oesophageal cancers in SEAR and EMR and pancreatic cancer in EUR. Mortality estimates for SLT-associated cancers need further analysis. Risk analysis for cancers of other sites in SLT users also requires multicentric well-designed studies.
Role of World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Global Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco
Authors: Mehrotra Ravi , Grover Shekhar , Chandra Anshika
Published: September 2018

Smokeless tobacco (SLT) is a recognized public health challenge, having over 350 million users globally, concentrated particularly in South-East Asia. A need for research on curbing major challenges in regulating SLT use has been long felt and subsequently highlighted in several sessions of the Conference of Parties (COP) of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). The sixth session of COP established a knowledge hub on SLT at the Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research India, with a mandate to (i) generate and share expertise, information and knowledge; (ii) promote and facilitate communication among Parties, organizations and stakeholders; and (iii) support the Convention Secretariat in contributing to technical aspects of SLT control. The hub disseminates scientific evidence through an interactive website and publications and supports national and international partners in SLT research. The hub is a contributor to many events/conferences and has conducted several workshops on SLT control, including an inter-country meeting on SLT policy implementation status, which brought together representatives from across the globe, and framed recommendations for policy reform. The hub is dedicated to interaction and collaboration with relevant tobacco control organizations to generate evidence, support and policy orientation in line with its mandates and recommendations under the World Health Organization FCTC.
Implementation of Article 20 of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
Authors: Sinha Dhirendra Narain , Kumar Amit , Gupta Ruchika , Gulati Harleen Kaur , Gupta Sanjay , Mehrotra Ravi
Published: September 2018

Background & objectives:

Article 20 of the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) deals with surveillance and research on all tobacco products including smokeless tobacco (SLT). Here we describe the availability of indicators related to SLT among 180 Parties to the convention (countries ratifying the WHO FCTC are referred as Parties to the Convention).

Methods:

Data on SLT use among adults and adolescents and SLT-related economic and health indicators among Parties were obtained through rigorous literature search. Data analysis for high-burden parties was done using SPSS.

Results:

Nearly 92 per cent (166) of the Parties reported SLT use prevalence among adults or adolescents at national or subnational level, of these nearly one-fifth of the Parties (20.5%) were high-burden Parties. Comparable SLT tax incidence rate was available for 19.4 per cent (n=35) Parties, and SLT attributable morbidity and mortality risks of major diseases were available for only five per cent (n=10) of Parties.

Interpretation & conclusions:

SLT use is a global epidemic widespread among Parties to the Convention. There are a data gap and dearth of research on SLT-related issues. Parties need to monitor SLT use and related health and economic indicators regularly at periodic intervals.