bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interdissiplinêre taal- en literatuurstudie in Suid-Afrika
Authors: Swanepoel C. F.
Published: May 2013

Interdisciplinary cooperation as an option flows from a fundamental adjustment of public thinking in the country, and from the belief that it could possibly contribute to the dynamic survival of smaller departments under the threat of rationalisation. Several initiatives during the 1980s, especially from the HSRC, serve as a foundation for future planning. While not implying the disappearance of individual departments, interdisciplinary work does require a sharing of common experiences and a greater interaction between departments. It also implies the raising of the status of secondary sources, including translations of literary works. As an international vehicle, English could serve as common medium in interdisciplinary interaction. While neighbouring departments are free to devise their own programmes, preference should be given to national priorities, such as South African spoken language and historical-comparative literary studies. The need for training for comparative work, coordination, adequate funding, professional liaison and lobbying, may compel language and literature associations to federate in an umbrella body, especially in the wake of the rationalisation of the Institute for Research into Language and the Arts at the HSRC.
Metapoëtiese raakpunte in die poësie van Gerrit Kouwenaar en Breyten Breytenbach
Authors: Deudney-Theron E.
Published: May 2013

Prompted by the poem "brief in een fles voor breyten" in which a certain poetic relationship between the Dutch poet Gerrit Kouwenaar and the Afrikaans poet Breyten Breytenbach is implied, the author of this article traces the outlines of a meta-poetics common to both poets and through which their poetry has intertextual links with the poetics of among others Poe, Mallarme and Wallace Stevens. The following common denominators are found in Kouwenaars’s body of works and Breytenbach’s ("yk") and Lewendood: the proliferation of the subject, the ‘killing’ of life in language, the extended metaphor of food, eating and excretion and the living poem as a present absence.
Regressiewe stemassimilasie in Afrikaans en Nederlands
Authors: Wissing D.
Published: May 2013

The phonological process of assimilation of voice is a distinct feature of both Dutch and Afrikaans. However, there seem to be some prominent differences between these two related languages, especially with regard to the phenomenon of regressive assimilation of voice. Regressive assimilation in Dutch is, according to the literature on this subject, much more restricted than in Afrikaans with regard to the types of segment that are conditioning this sound change. In Afrikaans, assimilation of voice can be triggered by any voiced segment; in Dutch it is stated that only voiced explosives are responsible for such change. In this article it will be demonstrated that this is an unnecessary restriction, and indeed incorrect. This faulty description is due to the fact that the ‘w’ sound in Dutch (as in "water") is typified in a variety of ways in the Dutch literature. It will be shown that ‘w’ is a voiced fricative, and is, together with the voiced explosives, involved in regressive assimilation of voice in much the same way as it is in Afrikaans.
Die Afrikaanse prosa, 1918 - 1926: brandpunt van die geboorte van ’n nuwe bewussyn
Authors: John P.
Published: May 2013

This study looks at a selection of Afrikaans prose texts from the period 1918 to 1926 in an attempt to establish a relation between the rapid industrialisation which South Africa was being subjected to and the literature produced during this time. Georg Lukács’ argument that "nature is a social category" is used to show that a preoccupation with certain desires and emotions with which these texts are marked is an indication that a massive intervention into ‘nature’, in the form of the emotional lives of especially white Afrikaans workers, was either on the way or being proposed through the medium of literature during this time. This intervention is seen as part of an attempt by the white Afrikaans ruling class to draw Afrikaans workers into its fold in its struggle for political power. A contiguous concern of the study is to propose this kind of approach as a basis for the study of South African literature as a whole.
Denying history or defying History? John Fowles’s A maggot and the postmodernist novel
Authors: Marais M.
Published: May 2013

This paper takes issue with accusations that postmodernist fiction neglects or refuses to engage with history. I offer a reading of John Fowles’s A maggot which demonstrates how postmodernist novels, by way of a self-reflexive interrogation of their own narrative foundation, contest history’s master status and expose the latter’s similar dependence on narrative modes of totalizing representation. Such a demystification process, I maintain, prompts a recognition of the provisional status of history as a human construct, thus undermining its power of totalization and opening it up to rewriting.
Sien (en hoor!) is glo: ’n voorlopige verkenning van ikonisiteit as retoriese strategie aan die hand van twee kort gedigte
Authors: Odendaal B. J.
Published: May 2013

Rhetorical text description is aimed at exposing the persuasive strategies employed in a text. It entails a description of the selection of topic, but in particular a stylistic analysis. In this article the researcher explores the necessity of interpreting iconic signification in poetry as a rhetorical strategy, mainly on the grounds of the ‘poetic faith’ aroused in the reader by the code-orientated or demonstrative nature of poetry. The icon, the most ‘seductive’ of sign types on account of its resemblant relation to the denotated object, is seen to function as a ‘hidden persuader’ in poetic communication, valorizing the message of the poetic utterance. After analysing two short Afrikaans poems (Ernst van Heerden’s "Voëlverskrikker" and T.T. Cloete’s "God die digter") within this theoretical framework, the researcher concludes that iconicity, at the core of the poetic function in its aspiration towards minimizing the arbitrariness of signification, must be seen as a rhetorical strategy.
Outobiografie of nie: aantekeninge oor die outobiografiese aanwysers in enkele Afrikaanse tekste
Authors: Scheepers R.
Published: May 2013

The autobiographical relationship between the concrete author and a character or narrator in a text has always been a problem in the study of literature. In this article it is illustrated how certain signals in the text may function as autobiographical indicators. These signals must direct the reader towards an autobiographical interpretation of a specific text, because this is often essential for an adequate reading of such a text. The methodological approach of this article is, though, that an autobiographical interpretation of a text should at all times be textually confirmed. Texts included in this study are Somer 11 and Suidpunt-jazz (André Letoit), Jonkmanskas and Die hemel help ons (Koos Prinsloo), Van stiltes en stemme (J.M. Gilfillan), Die droom (Uys Krige), Wynand se oorlog (Ria Jordaan), Sleep vir jou 'n stoel nader (André le Roux) and Klaaglied vir Koos (Lettie Viljoen).
Mythos as paradigma - Jan Rabie se 'Die groot vrot'
Authors: Deudney-Theron E.
Published: May 2013

Although published as long ago as 1966, Jan Rabie’s short story, "Die groot vrot, encompasses the total spectrum of emotions and reactions of people in the present critical stage of South African history. This article examines the allegorical mode of the story, concluding that the paradox of local and universal decay and rebirth could have been expressed in no better way. "Die groot vrot" proves the point that "The allegorical action is not a paraphrase of something capable of alternate expression" (Clifford, 1974:7).
Glasnost in Soviet literary criticism: current debates on the Russian national character (1988-1990)
Authors: Mondry H.
Published: May 2013

Re-evaluation of the cultural heritage of the past has been an integral part of Soviet literary criticism. From 1987 up to the present, literary criticism has played a leading role in the promotion of the economic, social and political reforms of perestroika. Literary critics use the methodology of social deconstruction in the interpretation of the literary texts of the past, actualising the problematics of the texts in accordance with their relevance to contemporary Soviet issues.
Death and meaning: the case of Tristan
Authors: Peeters L.
Published: May 2013

The earliest versions of the legend of Tristan have reached us in fragmentary state only, the reader therefore has to reconstruct the story and become actively involved in its interpretation. This interpretation must follow the steps taken by medieval hermeneutics which was the context in which the poets wrote and constituted the horizon of expectation and reception. A story was considered to be an integumentum, a construct in which a deeper meaning was embedded and which the reader had to reconstruct by following the verbal concatenations inside the text. In the case of Thomas’s text the verbal concatenations show that the love between Tristan and Isolde was an effort to identify totally between the lovers which is denied to them in so far as they do not die together. The reader is then left to draw his own conclusions. It seems that both Thomas and Gottfried von Strasburg want to point out the danger which lies in an exclusive passion, in a fascination which locks human consciousness up in desire and self-reflection.
Interpretatiewe strategieë en betekenis - ’n herlees van ‘Ná ’n besoek aan die dieretuin’
Authors: Jordaan D. J.
Published: May 2013

Interpretation is powerfully influenced by the reader's ideological orientation. This is illustrated by means of a re-interpretation of DJ. Opperman's poem "Na ’n besoek aan die dieretuin", in which the typological intertext of the ‘oorredingslied' (song of persuasion), activated by the motto of the poem, is taken into account. The alternative reading of the poem generated in this way is validated by integrating key textual elements at present not taken into account by leading critics, notably Grove.
Suidpunt-jazz van André Letoit: Waardeoordeel en die lees van ’n postmodernistiese prosateks
Authors: Burger W.
Published: May 2013

In reviews of the postmodernist novel, Suidpunt-jazz, certain value judgements are made. The norms on which these assessments are based are examined by using a model of Boonstra (1979). According to this model, coherence is singled out as the most important norm in these reviews. By emphasizing this norm, a balanced evaluation of a postmodernist text becomes impossible. Eventually other norms (illusion-breaking and différance) are shown to be possibly more valid for evaluating a postmodernist text like Suidpunt-jazz.
Digter en gehoor in Alexandrië
Authors: Henderson W. J.
Published: May 2013

After a historical introduction, this article examines the form, context and manner in which Greek poetry was communicated in Alexandria in Egypt during the 3rd to 1st century B.C. The poetry was written for a highly selected audience, centred around the library’ and court of the Ptolemy, and this determined the nature of both the poetry and its 'publication' or communication to the target audience. The most significant aspects of the poetry are: its heightened literary style; the transition from a sung to a recited text; the shifting of the place of communication from aristocratic banquet and public area during the previous period of the city-state to the exclusive audience of the ruler’s palace or the literary coterie; the use of erudite reference in the poem; increased experimentation by the poets in form, theme and style; and the strong sense and pursuit of individualism.
Notes sur deux énigmes concernant Le Printemps d’Yver
Authors: Cordell C. , Godwin D.
Published: May 2013

Two questions left unresolved in (he existing editions of Le Printemps d’Yver are investigated: firstly the probable date of the episode described by Yvcr, and secondly the prevailing doubts as to whether or not the work is complete in its present form. Correlating the dates of the ceasefires during the Religious Wars, the publication of Yver's work and the estimated time of his death suggests that the frame story might have been set at Whitsuntide, 1571. The second question of the novel's completeness is, of course, crucial for a full appreciation of the author and his Le Printemps. The structure of a frame-novel that almost certainly served as a model for Yver’s own composition is considered in conjunction with the French work. In addition, thematic elements relating to Venus, the goddess of love, are examined both in the frame story and the enclosed tales as further evidence of structural unity in the book. It is then argued that Le Printemps, far from being incomplete, is a neatly constructed, tightly-woven and finished artistic product.
Trashing the millenium: Subjectivity and technology in cyberpunk science fiction
Authors: Sey J. A.
Published: May 2013

'Cyberpunk’ science fiction is a self-proclaimed movement within the genre which began in the 1980s. As the name suggests, it is an extrapolative form of science fiction which combines an almost obsessional interest in machines (particularly information machines) with an anarchic, amoral, streetwise sensibility This paper sketches the development of the movement and seeks to make qualified claims for the radical. potential of its fiction. Of crucial importance are the ways in which human subjectivity (viewed in psychoanalytic terms) interacts with 'technological subjectivity' in cyberpunk, particularly with regard to implications of these interactions for oedipalization.
Digterskap en poëtíkale besinning by vier Franse Simboliste
Authors: Peeters L.
Published: May 2013

When one studies the influence of French Symbolism on contemporary Western poetry it is necessary to define both Symbolism and influence. The first term is problematic not only because it is difficult to delimitate the reality it designates but because of the nature of the movement itself Rather than defining from the outside we will try to understand the genesis of the work of the four great 'symbolist’ poets in France, namely Nerval, Baudelaire, Rimbaud, and Mallarme. We do not consider the notion of influence as causal but as a confrontation from one poet’s work with that of another, the presence of poets of the past in the thinking of later poets. The structural genesis of the poetics of the four poets shows a marked resemblance in as far as they' all overestimate the creative capabilities of imagination and language. Their poetry is not so much a meditation about the essence of poetry as an interrogation about its power to change reality. Modem poetry develops thus inside a tension between dream and action, but it is only now, in the work of the most lucid contemporary' poets, and after the sometimes draconian claims of theory in the human sciences, that attention has focused on a possible solution of poetry's dilemma which was already present in the French poet's work: this solution can be indicated with the word caritas in the strong sense of the word namely the acceptation of contingency, the need of incarnation and the pursuit of universality through poetic language.
The willing suspension of belief in the French seventeenth century fairy tale
Authors: Godwin D.
Published: May 2013

All is rarely as it seems in French seventeenth century artistic activity. The spirit of préciosité, the art of exploiting, playfully, all the implications of a chosen topic, found a perfect vehicle in the fairy tale. The games played with the genre in that artistic climate focus on marvellous literature’s profoundest paradox: to believe, or to disbelieve.
Volkskuns en fin de siêcle: Perspektiewe op parallelle tendense in die Vlaamse en Afrikaanse prosa
Authors: Roos H.
Published: May 2013

In nineteenth century Europe, the fin de siécle was in a literary sense characterized by the aesthetic cult, Symbolism , and a decadent mood . However, the traditional historians of Flemish and Afrikaans literature accentuate the mild romanticism and realism as typical of what have since become, for a corresponding period (± 1895-1925), in both those literatures their canonized texts. Literary history also identifies in Flemish and Afrikaans prose a definite striving towards a ‘national’ literature, thus reflecting the nationalistic political and cultural movements of those early times. This article focusses on a few, but interesting deviations from that established pattern. It reveals that, especially in works of prose written by surprisingly many of those authors (who were often identified with a ‘national’ cause), some marked tendencies of the decadent fin de siêcle are clearly present. A contextual rereading of these texts - which even now are either completely under-estimated or ignored by conventional literary history - may bring about a re-evaluation of the existing canon of early Flemish and Afrikaans prose.
Fallosentrisme, feminisme en die lesbiese paradoks: Chauvinisties-getinte aantekeninge oor die erotiek in die jongere Afrikaanse poësie
Authors: Jordaan D. J.
Published: May 2013

In this article the author examines aspects of recent Afrikaans erotic poetry, with particular reference to the work of Johann de Lange and Joan Hambidge. Deliberately disregarding psychological and sociological research as a basis for an analysis of gay and lesbian literature, the conclusion arrived at is that the erotic poetry of Hambidge exhibits, paradoxically, a male-oriented viewpoint regarding sexuality. This paradox is the result of language being man-made - a process which has the effect that women’s feelings and experience cannot be expressed without being 'contaminated', resulting in the undermining of the feminist ideal of the ‘woman-identified-woman’.
The terminator syndrome: Science fiction, cinema and contemporary culture
Authors: Sey J.
Published: May 2013

This paper examines the impact of contemporary technology on representations of the human body in American popular culture, focusing on James Cameron’s science fiction films The Terminator (1984) and The Terminator II - Judgment Day (1991) in both of which the key figures are cybernetic organisms (cyborgs) or a robot which can exactly imitate the human form . The paper argues that the ability of modern film technology’ to represent the human form in robotic guise undercuts the distinction between nature and culture which maintains the position of the human being in society. The ability of the robot or cyborg to be ‘polygendered’ in particular, undermines the position of a properly oedipalized human body in society, one which balances the instinctual life against the rule of cultural law. As a result the second Terminator film attempts a recuperation of the category of the human by an oedipalization of the terminator cyborg.
Time, technology, cinematic art and critique in The Terminator and Terminator II - Judgment Day; a philosophical interpretation
Authors: Olivier B.
Published: May 2013

This article is an interpretation of James Cameron’s films, The Terminator and Terminator II - Judgment Day. As instances of popular art, they are first situated in the context of Habermas's conviction that art has a specific function in the public sphere, viz. to provide an enlightening experience for people who are normally excluded from the specialized discourse of aesthetics and an criticism. The interpretation of the joint film narrative of Terminator I and II is then articulated in two stages. First, the paradoxical time -structure of the film-narrative is explored in terms of Heidegger’s analysis of temporarily, with its emphasis on the primacy of the future in relation to the past and the present. Secondly, the fact that these film s were made possible by a combination of film art and advanced film technology, is thematized along lines suggested by Heidegger's critique of technology. This leads to the insight, finally , that the Terminator film s exemplify Heidegger’s contention that the threat posed by technology is averted by a liberating force from within itself
Documentary realism and film pleasure: Two moments from Euzhan Palcy’s A Dry White Season
Authors: Higgins J.
Published: May 2013

This essay examines some of the strains and tensions around the notions of film pleasure and documentary realism in the film A Dry White Season. It offers a schematic analysis of the history of the idea of a politics of film pleasure in the early work on mass culture of the Frankfurt School and F.R. Leavis, and more recent debates in feminism. This general account then provides the context for the examination of some of the problems in Palcy's film, focusing particularly on the question of Palcy's claims for a documentary realism, and two particular moments in the film itself.
Die ontvanger en Die vuurtoring, ’n metadiëgetiese televisiedrama
Authors: Louw S.
Published: May 2013

The perceiver of Die vuurtoring (The lighthouse) is placed in an awkward position due to the unusual code structures in this metafilmic teleplay. The prologue is separated from the metadiegetic level by the title sequence, whereupon the diegetic direction changes completely. The nature of the narrative following this sequence is only recognized as metadiegetic at the end of the teleplay. After the punctuation of the title sequence metafilm is foregrounded. Internal cameras, video and sound recordings feature throughout the narrative. The narrating style also changes into a metafilmic presentation: in a single filmic syntagm the colour rendering might fade and change to black/white; other sequences might be rendered in both colour and black/white; or only as black/white syntagms. During these black/white sequences an extradiegetic voice comments on aspects which are external to the diegesis. The process of decoding this teleplay is problematic and the reader/receptor has to work very hard in the production of meaning.
Roman en film - stories in woorde en beelde ’n Voorstel vir ’n gevorderde kursus in literatuurwetenskap
Authors: Du Plooy H.
Published: May 2013

In this article a course in narratology, in which the emphasis falls on films based on specific novels, is discussed. The article is mainly informative, giving details about the principles on which the course is based, explaining the way in which the course was developed and outlining the contents of the course. In the last part of the article three examples of the approach which is followed are given and the bibliography can be seen as a basic reading list for such a course. The article is an empirical report which puts forward a possible way in which the study of films on an advanced level can be approached.
Op soek na die paradys: paradigma-ondermyning as leesstrategie toegepas op ‘Vrees van die arbeider’ (Heilige beeste) deur DJ. Opperman
Authors: Jordaan D. J.
Published: May 2013

In this article the author examines a key convention of the love lyric, namely the 'realisation' of the beloved through poetic articulation, by which the illusion of a ‘unity of the spirit’ between the lovers is created. In this regard the Afrikaans love lyric in general, and the love poems of Opperman in particular, generate a secondary convention in terms of which the Genesis myth is transformed to a paradigm for the quest for spiritual unity as directly related to a "... collective yearning for a vanished time of happiness ..." (Turner, 1978:24), that is an idyllic pastoral existence before the advent of Afrikaner urbanization in the thirties and forties. In this regard the poet Totius’s Trekkerswee forms the ideological base for a perception of the city as a ‘grysland’ (literally 'grey country') in direct opposition to a perception of the farm as a 'paradise' in the sense that it represents a "vanished time of happiness" (Turner, 1978:24). Taking this paradigm as a point of departure, the author deconstructs a well-known Opperman poem, revealing its underlying ideological base, and presenting an interpretation which differs radically from the traditional.
Zen-Boeddhistiese selfloosheid as sentrale interteks van die Breytenbach-oeuvre
Authors: Sienaert M.
Published: May 2013

The aim of this article is twofold:• To postulate the Buddhist notion of selflessness as central to the art and writing of Breyten Breytenbach.• To provide an overview of the philosophy this implies and of the way in which it offers a reading of the Breytenbach-oeuvre.The Buddhist concept of selflessness as expressed in the work of Breytenbach is by way of contrast firstly set against the background of the more familiar Western philosophical tradition, and then analysed within the context of Buddhist experiences such as Sunyata, Satori, Zazen and the Taoist principle of relativity to which it is inexorably linked. In doing so an attempt is made to fulfil a need that became apparent from discussions with colleagues and (post)graduate students: Although Zen -Buddhism in general has long been accepted as a primary intertext of the Breytenbach oeuvre, and although it is common practice to refer to notions such as Satori, Zazen and the Void when studying his work, it is not always clear in which way the Buddhist philosophy is pertinent to the creative process as such, be it that of creative writing or painting. To construe the presence of Buddhist terminology in the Breytenbach text as a mere tool for the unfolding of plot or as an attempt to define his writing as moralistic or mystical is an unfortunate misconception. In addition to the focus on Buddhist selflessness and the way in which it is reflected in Breytenbach’s work, this article therefore offers some suggestions on the way in which an understanding of Buddhist principles can serve as elucidation of the nature of the Breytenbach oeuvre and the creative experience as such.
More echoes from David Lodge’s Small World
Authors: Godwin D.
Published: May 2013

David Lodge's Small World avoids closure, and further contains a seemingly endless number of references to prior texts. It thus encourages the reader to make his own interpretation of the book, based on his personal literary experiences. This study explores one possible interpretation, and draws an analog between Lodge's book and the great Baroque novels of seventeenth-century France.
‘Die dood van Digenis’ - mistifikasie van ’n Bisantynse held
Authors: Hendrickx B.
Published: May 2013

The Byzantine akritic poem, "The Death of Digenis", which manifests all the characteristics of the Byzantine Neo-Hellenic tragoudi, is a good exemplum of an epic song, where mystification (in its anthropological sense) is used to idealize the hero. Historically the akritic songs (9th - 13th cent. A.D.) refer to the ongoing war on Byzantium’s frontiers between the Christian defenders of the empire and the Moslem invaders. The poem's structure, its historical-epic elements and especially its symbolism are examined in this article. It thus becomes clear that the unknown poet juxtaposes present, past and future in such a way that Digenis’s heroic (but human) exploits of the past are integrated in a supernatural climax, where the hero in his struggle loses to Charon (Death - Archangel Michael). Consequently Digenis, whose name means ‘bom twice', complies on the one hand with the tragic destiny of an epic death, and on the other hand passes through a kind of initiation ritual into the Christian host of the heroes of Heaven.
Skryfkuns as graadvak
Authors: Du Plessis H.
Published: May 2013

Creative writing has been taught as a subject at the tertiatiory level in the USA for many years. In this article the issue of creative writing as subject for a South African degree is discussed. The matter at issue is not whether creative writing has the potential to be a university subject, but rather what such a subject should include. Thus the content of creative writing as university subject and how it should be taught are addressed. The conclusion that is reached is that the main issue at stake is the balance to be struck among literary theory, writing theory and writing practice. Starting in the near future the Potchefstroom University for CHE will be offering a course in creative writing as a degree credit. The subject-matter, possible organization and integration, as well as its specific niche are considered.
Via alruin en seks tot God: die eiesoortige mistiek in die poësie van T.T. Cloete
Authors: Odendaal B. J.
Published: May 2013

In this article the researcher contends that T.T. Cloete, one of the most prominent contemporary Afrikaans religious poets, does not only periodically give expression to the mystical experience in his poetry (as Bosman [1989] would have it), but that the whole body of his poetic work is characterized by a distinctive mysticism. This mysticism, averse from the Catholic, ascetically inspired mystical tradition, is to be seen as a continuation and further development of the Protestant tradition with its greater emphasis on the earthly, general revelation of God, and is distinguished by its strong aesthetic basis and its lively topicality.
Afskeid en vertrek as dekadente roman
Authors: Grobbelaar M. , Roos H.
Published: May 2013

Most of the arguments advanced in negative critical reviews of Karel Schoeman’s latest novel Afskeid en vertrek lose their validity if this novel is evaluated as a decadent text. Firstly, the vagueness regarding the apparently contemporary South African state of war depicted in this novel is in accordance with the decadent vision of the world, which is characterized by a fundamental rejection of reality. In Afskeid en vertrek the negation of an intolerable world takes the form of solipsism, acting and masquerade in an artificial and aestheticised existence, deviation from conventional heterosexual relationships and especially an escape in language. Secondly, critical remarks on the absence of a dynamic development of plot can be invalidated on the grounds that the static character of the novel and the use of images or "static portraits which interrupt the flow of narrative by halting visions" (Nalbantian, 1983:123) are typical stylistic traits of decadent literature.
Die andersheid van Die verdwaalde land – die waarheid as storie vertel
Authors: Hattingh M.
Published: May 2013

Die verdwaalde land was written by Abraham Phillips, a so-called Coloured man from a South African working class background; someone who has no knowledge of literary conventions. The question arises: how can such a text be read without its uniqueness being affected by biased preconceptions? This article shows that post-structurally inspired theories on colonial discourse reveal perspectives on the complexity within the simplicity of this story. In this analysis of Die verdwaalde land particular emphasis is placed on identifying the framing strategies through which images and presentations of the Self and Other are created. Literary conventions are exposed as mechanisms which demarcate meaning, which in principle do not differ much from the manipulative strategies which define identity in the real world.Irrespective of nationality and time the line at which light race meets dark is the line at which human sociality is found at the lowest ebb; and wherever that line conies into existence there arc found the darkest shadows which we humans have cast by our injustice and egoism across the earth. (Olive Schreiner - Thoughts on South Africa)
Afrikaans en interdissiplinêre studie: moontlikhede en eise in 'n toekomstige Suid-Afrika
Authors: Carstens W. A.M.
Published: May 2013

The main aim of this article is to try to provide further grounds for the argument that Afrikaans cannot be ignored in a future South Africa. Reasons substantiating this claim are inter alia the following: Afrikaans is generally recognized as the language with the largest number of speakers in South Africa; it succeeds in fulfilling both its high and low functions in the South African community: it has validity as a language of science (although much still needs to be done in this regard) and it plays an important role in an inter-disciplinary approach to research and the gaining of knowledge in various fields.
Medieval English root clauses
Authors: Broekman H. W.
Published: May 2013

The movement operation Verb Second moves the finite verb from its base-generated position in VP to C via the I node within the Chomsky (1986) framework. As the finite verb and the complementiser are in complementary distribution, the above predicts that, contrary to fact, Verb Second is not possible in embedded clauses. However, in Frisian and Swedish Verb Second does occur in embedded clauses. This entails that a lexical complementiser does not always prevent a finite verb from undergoing Verb Second. 'The aim of this paper is to provide a survey of Old English and Middle English root clauses particularly with respect to Verb Second. Old English does not strictly conform to Verb Second in declarative root clauses. In Old English finite verbs also occur in first position and in third position in declarative root clauses. A comparison with Icelandic data will be provided as this language displays all three verb placements in declarative head main clauses as well.
Ideologie, ‘egte’ norme en literêre taalhandelinge
Authors: Rossouw M.
Published: May 2013

For many years text-immanent approaches to literature have dominated the scene of Afrikaans literary criticism. This article adds a voice to the ‘spontaneous' discourse in which ethical norms (especially socio-political guidelines), too, come into play when a literary text is studied. Since the context in which a text is written and read is of great importance in such an approach, speech act theory is used in order to determine the intentions (illocutions) of the writer in the texts, as well as the reactions (perlocutions) of readers to the text. The purpose of this is mainly to establish whether critique of ideology manifests itself in speech acts directed towards freedom and dignity for all people. On the other hand there may also be signs of unconscious ideological illocutions in the contradictions which occur within or between the different levels of communication (macro, meso and micro). These contradictions are related to socio-political contradictions which are repressed within the South African community. In order to illustrate this kind of approach, three novels of Etienne van Heerden are discussed, viz. Om te awol (1984), Toorberg (1986) and Casspirs en Campari's (1991).
Die fantastiese as diskoerswyse in Willem Brakman se Glubkes oordeel
Authors: De Vries M.
Published: May 2013

The structural functioning and purpose of the fantastic in Glubkes oordeel, especially in the ‘Last Judgement’ description, is scrutinized in this article. The protagonist, Glubke, find s himself in a psychological labyrinth as a result of an Oedipal conflict, and this gives rise to his flight of fantasy. The reader enters the realm of Glubke's mind by means of the fantastic and the fantastic enables the abstract author to give a dramatic artistic representation of Glubke’s chaotic spirit and his reclusion. The damnation scene is an externalization of the inner life of an arch-outsider and in this scene the fantastic becomes the dominant mode of discourse. Brakman’s comprehensive range of linguistic effects allows him to achieve the fantastic dimension to excellent effect.
Looking backward to the ‘new South Africa’ - J.M. Coetzee’s exploration of the protocols of travel writing
Authors: Marais M.
Published: May 2013

This paper discusses J M Coetzee's deconstruction of the discourse of travel writing in "The Narrative of Jacobus Coetzee". It contends that the novella foregrounds this colonialist g en re ’s ethnographic inscription of the contact between coloniser and colonised in order to expose its role in the implication of Africa in the European plot of history. The paper also argues that the novella reveals the manner in which this mediation of the colonial encounter by western language and narrative systems prospectively determined the course of South African history. In the process, it relates this work’s understanding of history to the contemporary South African reader’s times.
Afrikaanse oorlogspoësie na Sestig
Authors: Van Rensburg F. I.J.
Published: May 2013

The period after World War II was characterised by regional wars in various parts of the world. During this time South Africa experienced its own regional war: the onslaught on the apartheid system, and the defence against it. Following a phase of internal strife of relatively low intensity, a hot war developed on both sides of the northern and eastern borders of the country with the Angolan war as the major flashpoint. The latter war exerted a marked influence on the local scene, where a civil war of low intensity developed. This article and its sequel record the ways in which Afrikaans poetry reacted to this many-faceted war. Facets highlighted are the way in which the military aspects of the war is portrayed, the manifestations of the struggle on the local scene, especially in the townships, the impact of the war on the spirit of the soldier and the civilian, and the moral stance adopted by poets towards the war. In conclusion, the characteristics of the war poem of this period are compared with those of the period preceding it. In this article the attention is focused on the war outside and within the borders of the country.
Literatuurgeskiedskrywing en diskoers: die ‘begin’ van die Afrikaanse letterkunde
Authors: John P.
Published: May 2013

In this article Afrikaans literary historiography is analysed by means of the discourse-analytical tradition associated with the name of Michel Foucault. Approaching Afrikaans literary historiography as a discursive formation makes it possible to argue that the nationalist-teleological character of the historiography has led to the marginalisation of a number of Afrikaans literary traditions. This argument then identifies the reclamation of these marginalised literary traditions as one of the most pressing tasks of Afrikaans literary historiography, Foucauldian discourse theory is finally used with reference to the alternative conception of history which accompanies it to suggest a solution to the problem of these marginalised Afrikaans literary traditions.
Die grapteks met verwysing na die interessantheidsbeginsel
Authors: De Bruyn P. S.
Published: May 2013

Jokes are special kinds of texts: they do not communicate something about the real, existing world like some other kinds of texts do, because they are worlds in themselves. These units of discourse consist of two components: a build-up and a punch line, the latter being the source of humour, mainly because it possesses elements of surprise. Although mostly fictitious, jokes do make use of an element of truth, or at least some common knowledge. They can also be seen as speech acts, acts of humour with the perlocutionary effect to amuse in mind. When De Beaugrande and Dressier's characteristics of a successful text are applied, jokes can be seen to fit the description. As in the case of other literary genres, jokes can be described as fiction because they are also special expressions with well-defined conventions. These special kinds of texts are spontaneously recognised for what they are. When those elements distinguishing jokes as such are removed, the effects jokes have are cancelled. These removed elements are thus proved to be essentials. The element of surprise, caused by the condensation of several meanings in the punch line, seems to be of vital importance in this respect. Jokes are intended to amuse. Jokes are consciously told with this purpose in mind and they are noticed because of that. It will be argued, using appropriate examples, that these special effects are achieved by means of the principle of interest. The exploitation of pragmatic means is used to attain this.
Die dieper reg (N.P. van Wyk Louw): Royce, regsidee, resepsie
Authors: Coetser J. L.
Published: May 2013

In an archival document playwright N.P. van Wyk Louw recognizes the influence of the American philosopher Josiah Royce (I855-I916) on his choral drama, Die dieper reg. Louw specifically attends to the explanation of Royce's concept of loyalty to loyalty - a concept which was initially used in The Philosophy of Loyalty (1908). Royce's concept has a direct bearing on the legal and ethical stance implied in the drama. The concept may also be related to the article "Die ewige trek", which Louw published in 1938. Literary critics such as Opperman, Van Rensburg and Olivier have directed their attention to the legal and ethical stance in Die dieper reg. However, until now, no attention has been paid to the influence Royce had on Die dieper reg. This article traces part of the influence Royce exerted on the work.
Afrikaanse oorlogspoësie na Sestig II
Authors: Van Rensburg F. I.J.
Published: May 2013

In this, the second and final article on the study of Afrikaans poetry dealing with aspects of the South African war since the Sixties, an assessment is made of the moral stance adopted by poets vis-a-vis the conflict, while the main characteristics of the war poetry of this period are contrasted with those of the period preceding it.
Die voorsetselwerkwoord in die werkwoordstelsel van Afrikaans
Authors: Larkins H.
Published: May 2013

There is much confusion concerning the prepositional verb as a separate category main verb in Afrikaans. Some linguists are of the opinion that the prepositional verb is not a separate category main verb, but rather a subcategory transitive or intransitive verb. There is a definite need for parameters within which the prepositional verb should feature. The unique characteristics of the prepositional verb necessitate the need for it to be classified as a separate category, and the need that the relation between the prepositional verb and the particle be highlighted.
Ontronding in wit en bruin Afrikaans
Authors: Wissing D.
Published: May 2013

The aim of this presentation is firstly to describe the phenomenon of delabialization of abnormal front vowels in Afrikaans, concentrating on the language of a few white and brown native speakers, and secondly to shed some light on the theoretical implications of the findings. The temporal characteristics of the vowels in three separate reading tasks and the extent to which the language users are able to distinguish the intended rounded vs. unrounded vowels and diphthongs correctly in a perception experiment are central considerations. With the results of the experiments in mind, the focus will fall on whether there can be consideration of absolute neutralization of the opposition rounded : unrounded for these vowels and diphthongs. Finally, the results will be evaluated in the light of the lively debate that currently exists on the question of the possibility of absolute neutralization.
Die verhouding tussen Klassieke retoriek en epistolografie
Authors: Cornelius E.
Published: May 2013

The objective of this article is to determine the relationship between Classical rhetoric and epistolography. Both epistolographical and rhetorical studies of letters are found among scholars. Some scholars prefer to work only epistolographically and others only rhetorically. The problem arises when some scholars try to combine these two perspectives, resulting in an approach in which the body of the letter is studied rhetorically and the letter opening and closing epistolographically. As an aid to determine the relationship between these two disciplines, a short summary of the theoretical frameworks of each is given and the Classical textbooks on both disciplines are studied. Once the relationship has been made dear, the article is concluded by proposing rhetoric as the framework for the interpretation of the communicative function of letters and epistolography as the framework for the interpretation of the form of letters.
The nature of the beast: Yeats and the shadow
Authors: Meihuizen N.
Published: May 2013

Yeats’s ‘rough beast’ in “The Second Coming" emerges not only 'out of Spiritus Mundi, but out of an era that was especially attracted to various encodings of the unconscious, a trope, so to speak, made famous by Freud and Jung. I argue that certain psychological discourses are inherent in an era sceptical of foundationalism, that Yeats's poem is a manifestation of the machinery of this scepticism, and that, ultimately, aspects of the poem foreshadow Postmodernist interrogations of received ‘truth’.
Nederland(s) en sy (Suid-) Afrikaanse metafore
Authors: Viljoen H.
Published: May 2013

Afrikaans metaphors for Dutch and the NetherlandsThere seems to be an irrepressible urge to metaphorize the relation between the Netherlands and South Africa in the Afrikaans popular imagination, perhaps in order to bridge the growing separation between the two countries. Four complexes of such metaphors, window, family relations, root and landscape, are briefly analysed, with most emphasis on the last category. From a handful of Afrikaans poems since 1950, and especially from poems by Elizabeth Eybers, Lina Spies and Marlene van Niekerk, it seems possible to reconstruct a descriptive system that underlies poems contrasting the Netherlands (represented by Amsterdam in particular) as a safe, protected space with the South African landscape as open and exposed. These poems also clearly show up the dialectic of abrogation and appropriation and the anxiety about land and identity so typical of postcolonial literatures.
The same difference: Jesusa Palancares and Poppie Nongena’s testimonies of oppression
Authors: Wenzel M.
Published: May 2013

Two women's texts from postcolonial countries, Mexico and South Africa, on different continents show surprising correspondences in subject matter and style. Elena Poniatowska’s Hasta no verte Jesús mío (Till I meet you, my Jesus) and Elsa Joubert's Die swerfjare van Poppie Nongena (The journey of Poppie Nongena) examples of testimonial writing, both address issues of gender and politics in an innovative way. They combine autobiography and biography to render a dramatic account of social injustice despite their disparate backgrounds/cultures and subtle differences in style. In comparison, the texts not only affirm the validity of women’s writing and contribute to its enrichment, but also constitute a valuable contribution towards the formulation of a general feminist aesthetics. In fact, they illustrate conclusively that comparative literature fulfils a vital function in the exploration and interpretation of women's literature from different cultures.
Cyber against punk: Greg Bear’s Queen of Angels as metamorphosed cyberpunk
Authors: Blatchford M. F.
Published: May 2013

Recent American science fiction (which commercially dominates world science fiction) incorporates two schools of thought, ‘cyberpunk' and ‘hard SF’. which may be read to embody, respectively, radical/liberal and patriotic/ conservative propaganda. This article, after attempting to define aspects of these schools, examines Queen of Angels by Greg Bear (who before producing that text had been a proponent of hard SF). This text is shown to have strong elements of cyberpunk (possibly, to judge by one critical review, appealing to a cyberpunk audience) but to have transformed and inverted the radical and liberal themes of cyberpunk into conservative themes. The text thus illuminates philosophical and technical differences between the schools. It is suggested that the imagery of cyberpunk, and perhaps that of science fiction in general, is liable to such reversals of ideological significance.
Brontaal- of ontvangtaalagensie in Oranjerivierafrikaans en die ontstaan van Afrikaans
Authors: Du Plessis H.
Published: May 2013

In this article the Orange River variety of modern Afrikaans is investigated in terms of Van Coetsems types of language interference: borrowing and imposition. It is argued that the initial contact between Dutch and Khoi resulted in the imposition of Khoi forms on seventeenth-century Dutch. These two forms of interference can still be traced in modern Orange River Afrikaans. A modern variety of a language can thus be studied in order to shed some light on the history of that language.