bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE STATE AS A GUARANTOR OF THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF INDIVIDUALS AND LEGAL ENTITIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF CORONAVIRUS CRISIS OF 2020
Authors: Rudnyeva Oleksandra , Prykhodko Olena
Published: February 2021

The aim of the article is to stimulate discussions about the necessity to improve the legal regulations that guarantee a proper public health policy, as well as to determine the balance between the level of restrictions that may be imposed by State in order to protect both, the public interest of health and the economic development.
Materials and methods: National legislation of Ukraine, United Kingdom and France on public health and health policy, case law of these countries, including high court
decisions were used for dialectical, comparative, synthetic and systemic analyses.
Conclusions: As the legality of government officials' actions principle is a fundamental constitutional principle in most European countries, states must establish such legal
provisions to avoid short-term and long-term conflicts when the rights of individuals and legal entities are being restricted. At the legislative level, it is necessary to adopt transparent rules to attract private funding to the health sector. Development of the e-health and telemedicine systems could be boosted through the use of public-private partnership tools.
LEGAL REGULATION OF EPIDEMIC SECURITY UNDER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC CONDITIONS IN SOME POST-SOVIET COUNTRIES AND POLAND
Authors: Zabuha Yuliia Yu. , Mykhailichenko Tetiana O. , Rak Svitlana V.
Published: February 2021

The aim: To reveal the features of the epidemic safety and security legal regulation in Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Poland, Russia and Ukraine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: This study is based on Belarusian, Kazakh, Moldavian, Polish, Russian and Ukrainian regulatory acts as well as national court judgments. Such methods as dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic, comprehensive, statistical and generalization approaches have been used in the article. Conclusions: the study confirmed that the direct impact on the spread and dynamics of morbidity during the COVID-19 pandemic in the countries to be analyzed is determined by: the presence of government agencies and special institutions involved in combating, preventing and monitoring the spread of infectious diseases and their readiness for effective measures in emergency situations caused, in particular, by epidemics; timeliness and duration of quarantine restrictions, their severity and scope; observance of these restrictions by the population; effectiveness of law enforcement responses to violations. The strengthening of administrative and/or criminal liability had no significant impact on the morbidity situation in the country.
REALIZATION OF THE RIGHT TO HEALTHCARE OF CONVICTED WITH SERIOUS ILLNESS
Authors: Yanovska Oleksandra H. , Kuchynska Oksana P. , Chuhaievska Alona V.
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study is to analyze the features of realization mechanism of the rights of convicted persons suffering from a serious illness to release from serving a sentence
in order to receive the necessary treatment.
Materials and methods: this study uses a set of methods of scientific knowledge. The empirical basis of the study is the statistics of the State Judicial Administration of
Ukraine for 2015-2019 on convicts released from punishment due to their serious illness, statistical materials and case law of Turkey, Georgia, Great Britain, Germany and Greece, generalization of judicial practice of Ukraine, and the personal experience of one of the co-authors of more than 20 years as a lawyer and for 3 years as a judge of the Supreme Court.
Conclusions: in order to protect the persons; interests serving sentences and suffering from serious illness, government mechanisms should provide flexibility in the approach
to assessing the health of each person, and not just the detection of disease; the authorities assessing the convict's state of health must be independent, and a prisoner must be able to choose physicians not only for treatment but also for assessment of his/her state of health.
MEDICAL ASPECTS OF VIOLATION OF THE RIGHT TO LIFE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EUROPEN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS CASE LAW
Authors: Voloshchenko Olga M. , Ustymenko Olena A.
Published: February 2021

The aim: The purpose of the paper is to raise awareness of the medical services subjects in the issues of establishment of the relationship between their activities and harm to patients, analysis of the case law of the ECHR and provision of practical recommendations for the prevention of violations of Art. 2 of the Convention with subsequent compensation for non-pecuniary and pecuniary damage.
Materials and methods: The authors used the judgements of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) on medical research, international regulatory acts, publications of scholars in the field of medical law and legal doctrine in terms of liability of medical services providers for the violation of Art. 2 of the Convention.
Conclusions: Aiming to ensure proper legal protection of the rights and legitimate interests of subjects of medical care, the authors have developed recommendations on how to prevent cases of violation of the right to life during the provision of medical services.
CHILD'S HEALTH CARE: LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND ONGOING CHALLENGES
Authors: Petryshyn Oleksandr V. , Liubchenko Marianna I. , Liubchenko Oleksii O.
Published: February 2021

The aim: Is to analyze the development of the modern legal framework for child's health care, to clarify the benefits of a human rights-based approach, which is now is mainstreaming for understanding the right of children to health and means of its protection. Materials and methods: To achieve this goal, as well as taking into account the specifics of the topic, the following research methods became relevant: the application of a dialectical approach and historical method made it possible to understand the patterns of formation and development of ideas of children's rights and health within the international community and national states; formal-legal method was used when studying legal texts (international law acts, both of universal and regional level, interpretation and clarification of human rights treaty bodies, expert reports and research, case law), and comparative-legal was used to compare different approaches on health protection in various international human rights mechanisms (US Supreme Court, Council of Europe). Conclusions: Today, perceptions of children's rights at the doctrinal and jurisprudential levels are quite developed due to a broad understanding and openness to progressive interpretation. In particular, the inclusion into the legal context such determinants as the inviolability of the dignity and private life of the child, proper understanding of the stages of adulthood, and an assessment of the child's developmental environment has made modern international law and national legal systems to become more viable in sense of protection of child's well-being in today's world.
EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE AS PATIENT'S PROTECTION MEASURE IN JUDICIAL PRACTICE
Authors: Zhuravel Volodymyr A. , Avdeeva Galina K. , Sokolenko Mykyta O.
Published: February 2021

The aim: To identify the role of evidence-based medicine, its principles and approaches to patients' rights protection and the provision of medical service optimization, the
skills of medical staff improvement, increasing the objectivity of court decisions in cases of non-providing quality care or death.
Materials and methods: The authors used the decisions by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) on the statements of victims of unprofessional actions by doctors, international and domestic regulations on patients' rights, statistics on the results of criminal proceedings on violations of patients' rights over the past 5 years, case law of criminal and civil jurisdiction in this category of cases, the results of surveys of prosecutors, as well as the results of research by scientists in the field of medical law and criminalistics. The research is carried out on the basis of a harmonious combination of philosophical approaches, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge, the complex of which is chosen taking into account the goals and objectives, object and subject of research.
Conclusions: In order to implement the patients' rights by legal means in accordance with the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms,
the European Charter of Patients' Rights and other international regulations in the field of medicine, the authors argue the need for greater implementation of evidence-based
medicine into the practice of medical institutions as a means of improving the level of medical care and an obvious source of relevant information for litigation to protect the
rights of patients and doctors. For patients' rights protection in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, it is proposed to regulate a set of such measures: 1) to include in the educational programs of pharmacy and medicine such disciplines as «Evidence-Based Medicine» and «Rights of the patient and medical worker's rights»; 2) to oblige the doctor to explain to the patient or to his/her representative the differences of treatment protocols, to provide information to patients about official sources, which contain information on unified and updated treatment protocols and diagnosis of certain diseases, to obtain informed consent by the patient (his/her representative) on certain medical guideline; 3) to recognize medical guidelines as sources of law in criminal and civil proceedings as a kind of benchmarks for clarifying and assessing the facts of non-performance or improper performance of professional duties by a medical or pharmaceutical worker, violation of patients' rights, as well as means for doctors' legal protection and etc.
CONSENT TO TREATMENT AND OTHER MEDICAL INTERVENTIONS: LEGISLATIVE AND SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES
Authors: Kogut Natalia D. , Petriaiev Serhii Y.
Published: February 2021

The aim: To research approaches to maintaining balance between social and personal interests in the sphere of human right to consent to medical interventions.
Materials and methods: The research is conducted with help of both general and special juridical methods of investigation. The empirical basis: an international legal acts; domestic laws of EU countries, the USA and other states; courts' decisions; statistics; juridical and medical articles.
Conclusions: Consent to medical interventions is an absolute right of mentally capable adults and restriction of this right is never too necessary for social interest except for
limiting measures due to pandemic or psychiatric disorders threaten. Next of kin or guardian has the right to consent for minors or mentally disabled in their best interests.
PECULIARITIES OF LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR OFFENSES IN THE FIELD OF CLINICAL TRIALS OF MEDICINES
Authors: Borysov Viacheslav I. , Antoniuk Olena I. , Pashchenko Oleksandr O.
Published: February 2021

The aim: Is to determine the features of legal liability for violations in the field of clinical trials of medicine remedies and justification of proposals to strengthen the protection
of participants' interests in clinical trials through the use of various types of such liability.
Materials and methods: The authors used the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) on medical research, international and national regulations, and
publications of scholars in the field of medical law. The research was carried out on the basis of a systematic approach using the methods of dialectical and formal logic, general scientific and special legal research methods.
Conclusions: In order to properly ensure the legal protection of public interests, as well as the rights and interests of research subjects and other entities involved in their
implementation, the authors argue the need to use different types of legal liability.
CONTRACTUAL REGISTRATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL RELATIONS BETWEEN SUBJECTS INVOLVED IN THE CONDUCT OF CLINICAL TRIALS OF MEDICINAL PRODUCTS
Authors: Antoniuk Olena I. , Pavliuchenko Yuliia M. , Vyshnyvetskyy Ivan I.
Published: February 2021

The aim: Determination of features of contractual registration of organizational and legal relations between the subjects involved in carrying out clinical trials of medicinal
products; justification of proposals on improvement of law enforcement practice in this field.
Materials and methods: This research is based on the analysis of the norms of international law and legislation of particular states, practice of contractual registration of organizational and legal relations between the subjects of clinical trials of medicinal products. The research was carried out using the methods of dialectical and formal logic, general scientific and special legal research methods.
Conclusions: Two models of contractual registration of organizational and legal relations between the subjects involved in clinical trials of medicinal products were justified, and law enforcement recommendations for the contractual registration of such relationships, ensuring that the clinical trial is in compliance with international regulations and ethics in this field, were given.
TOWARDS CREATION OF UNIFIED REGULATION ON SURROGACY IN EUROPE: RECENT TRENDS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Maydanyk Roman A. , Moskalenko Kateryna V.
Published: February 2021

The aim of this paper is to study the existing international legal framework, regulating international surrogacy agreements and to analyse the possibility of adoption of
respective unified European legal instrument.
Materials and methods: The article is based on international legal acts, jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, reports and scientific articles. The research is
grounded on dialectical, formal logical methods, methods of synthesis and analysis, comparative legal method and the method of modelling.
Conclusions: The authors came to conclusion about the necessity of introducing of unified legal instrument dealing with international surrogacy cases. The article illustrates that the work towards harmonization of surrogacy in Europe started at the beginning of 21st century and the experts group of the Hague Conference on Private International Law is currently working on drafting a respective protocol. The authors provide a list of questions that were not noticed by the mentioned experts but should be included in the protocol.
EAST SLAVIC SURROGATE MOTHERHOOD: STATE OF LEGAL REGULATION AND RISK OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION
Authors: Yevtieieva Daryna P. , Lapkin Andrii V. , Karelin Vladyslav V.
Published: February 2021

The aim: The aim of the study is to determine the state of legal regulation of surrogacy in Ukraine, Russian Federation and Belarus, to identify risks of human rights violations,
to identify legal and medical mechanisms to combat the exploitation of women, and to outline a portrait of a surrogate mother.
Materials and methods: The empirical basis is the legislation of Ukraine, Russian Federation and Belarus, which regulates the service of surrogacy, information from the
websites of agencies and clinics in this area, as well as personal stories of 41 surrogate mothers, set out in open sources. The following methods were used: dialectical, comparative, statistical, induction and deduction, questionnaire, analysis and synthesis, content analysis.
Conclusions: The results of the study clarify both the common features of the legal regulation of surrogacy in the East Slavic countries, and the specifics of each of them; the main problems in the field of its application are outlined; the risks of violation of the rights of genetic parents, children and surrogate mothers are characterized. Legal and
medical mechanisms for counteracting the exploitation of surrogate mothers have been identified.
LEGAL RESTRICTIONS ON MEDICAL INTERVENTION DURING OPERATION ON FEMALE GENITALIA FOR NON-MEDICAL PURPOSES
Authors: Tiutiuhin Volodymyr I. , Baida Anton O. , Bazeliuk Viktoriia V.
Published: February 2021

The aim: To identify problems associated with non-medical genital surgery and establish the limits of acceptable medical intervention in such operations.
Materials and methods: The study is based on a theoretical basis, which includes reviews of legislation, reports from non-governmental organizations, and is based on empirical data: decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, international regulations, statistics of the World Health Organization. Systemic and structural, comparative legal and functional methods, systematization, analysis and synthesis were decisive in the research process.
Conclusions: “Female genital mutilation” or “female circumcision” is essentially a separate type of bodily injury that is caused intentionally in accordance with various social domestic and religious traditions and beliefs of certain emigrant ethnical religious communities. Such actions are a form of discrimination and violation of women's rights on the basis of gender, as well as a form of child abuse, as the vast majority of such operations are carried out on girls under 12 years of age. Medical intervention in case of operations on female genitalia, including for non-therapeutic purposes, can be considered legitimate only with the informed consent of the patient and on conditions that the level of danger to human health from such intervention corresponds to the concept of personal autonomy, that is, it does not require direct state intervention for the reasons of urgent social necessity.
RESTRICTIONS OF THE RIGHT TO LIBERTY
Authors: Borisova Valentina I. , Zhornokui Yurii M. , Krasytska Larysa V.
Published: February 2021

The aim: To determine the grounds of involuntary admission of a mentally ill person in the context of the possibility to restrict his or her right to liberty.
Materials and methods: The authors have studied and analyzed international legal acts, legislation of certain countries, judgments of the European Court of Human Rights,
case law on involuntary admission of a mentally ill person by using philosophical, general and special scientific research methods.
Conclusions: The imperfection of the legal regulation of relations concerning the involuntary admission of a mentally ill person leads to illegal restriction of the personal
right to liberty. It has been proven that involuntary admission and restriction of the freedom of a mentally ill person can be justified, if we take into account the requirement of “therapeutic necessity” for a mentally ill person, the requirement of protecting the rights of others and guaranteeing their safety, the requirement of ensuring the best interests of a mentally ill person.
SIDE EFFECTS OF DIETHYLSTILBESTROL (DES) FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TORT LAW
Authors: Karnaukh Bohdan P. , Shymko Artem R.
Published: February 2021

The aim of the article is to analyze the reasoning of the Supreme Court of California in Sindell v. Abbott Laboratories. Materials and methods: Materials of the study encompass US case law as well as case law of other countries concerning compensation of damage caused by defective drugs and other cases of uncertain causation. The survey is conducted within the framework of comparative law studies. In addition, elements of law and economics approach are also employed in the paper. Conclusions: Case of Sindell v. Abbott Laboratories has launched a new direction in discourse on causation in tort law and product liability. The mathematical elegance of the Court's theory is that net burden of liability borne by a particular drug manufacturer is equal to the amount of damage actually caused by its drug.
Концептуальний підхід до формування інноваційної активності підприємств з використанням особливостей цифрової економіки
Authors: Н.В Васюткіна , Т.А. Антонов
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the benefits of using digital innovations and the principles of digital economy development, as well as the obstacles and directions of growth of innovative activity of Ukrainian enterprises. Based on a detailed study of the views of scientists on the essence of the concept of «digital economy», we propose to understand by it the type of economy based on the use of digital innovation; system of socioeconomic and organizational and technical relations based on the use of digital information and telecommunication technologies; and a complex organizational and technical system of technical, infrastructural, organizational, programmatic, regulatory, legislative and other elements for knowledge sharing and economic growth. Its main components are distinguished: supportive infrastructure, e-business and e-commerce. It is stated that structural and sectoral, process, communicative, qualitative updating and conceptual-theoretical approaches are widely used for the effective implementation of the
foundations of the digital economy. The structural and sectoral method calls for the structural
Оцінка стану криптовалютного ринку та його перспектив під впливом коронавірусу
Authors: О.В. Сперчун , Ж.В. Кудрицька
Published: February 2021

Nowadays in the world economy, there is a tendency to invest in alternative, digital assets. Currently, the problem of integration of cryptocurrencies into the international financial system and the spread of the use of cryptocurrencies as a means of payment for goods and services is relevant. The following scientists have considered the development of the cryptocurrency economy: Beck K., M. Carney, M. Chea, E. Fry, J. Chung A., Roca E., Cooper M. and others. However, changes in the global economy caused by the coronavirus pandemic have significantly affected the cryptocurrency
market and require more careful study and analysis. The article is devoted to the study of the current state of the cryptocurrency market and the changes that have taken place under the influence of the coronavirus. The price characteristics of the main cryptocurrencies over the last few months, their state, and reaction to changes in the
world economy are considered. The article presents statistics of the cryptocurrency Bitcoin for the last few months, as well as other traditional financial assets. The technological characteristics of the cryptocurrency Bitcoin, the mechanisms of its functioning, and the possibilities of its application in related economic spheres are also considered. The impact of traditional financial assets on the cryptocurrency economy and the role of the cryptocurrency Bitcoin as a protective financial asset are analyzed. The terms of the functioning of the decentralized financial platform Bitcoin on the basis of Blockchain technology are considered. Perspective for the development of the cryptocurrency economy and key economic indicators of the cryptocurrency Bitcoin is also analyzed. The purpose of this work is to analyze the dynamics of prices for major cryptocurrency assets in the cryptocurrency market, due to global economic changes caused by the coronavirus pandemic and further prospects for the digital economy. It also described the influence of certain factors on the pricing of Bitcoin cryptocurrency.
Цифрові платформи як рушійна сила цифрової трансформації економіки
Authors: Л.А. Кургузенкова , А.І. Федоренко
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the theoretical aspects of structures such as digital platforms, the revelation of the contemporary importance of digital platforms for economic and social development. Digital platforms have been found to be a relatively new phenomenon that has evolved over the last ten years. Approaches of scientists and practitioners to define the definition of «digital platform», their composition, common and distinguishing features between existing types of digital platforms are analyzed. The study found that most scholars are unanimous in identifying the digital platform as a key digital transformation tool that provides information sharing and transactions between a large number of online users. Generalizing scientists’ claims, the author defines an online platform by which we understand bilateral or multilateral markets with an infrastructure that operates online and facilitates transactions between different parties in the process of buying and selling goods and services. It is established that the largest companies in the world by the index of market capitalization now use platform business models. The stages of digital transformation of the market using digital platforms are presented, each of the six stages is characterized. The advantages of enterprises as a result of application of platform business models are highlighted. The strategies
of monetization of digital platforms are considered, the mechanism of realization of each of them is described. Thus, it can be argued that digital platforms are a breakthrough innovation that can radically change the structure of the national market. On the one hand, digital platforms help to avoid the intermediary chain, offering the ultimate consumer the full range of options. On the other hand, in the case of «digital monopoly», the owners of successful platforms receive effective market control levers (including information asymmetries) and can impose their pricing policies on service consumers. In these circumstances, the «traditional» business in strategic terms is
threatened by the risk of loss of distribution channels and full dependence on platform owners.
Проблеми та перспективи розвитку мисливського туризму в Україні
Authors: О.І. Гонта , В.В. Музика
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of problems and prospects of the hunting tourism
development in Ukraine. Within the study, it was found out that hunting tourism as a specific type of tourism is developing rapidly in many countries around the world, including Hungary, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Austria, Romania, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Botswana, Canada, Argentina, and others. This field is closely linked to the activities of many industries, and its development contributes to the creation of new jobs, differentiation of the national economy, rational use of natural resources and increase in the amount of financial revenues to the state and local budgets of these countries. Favorable natural conditions, diversity of wildlife, convenient geographical location and acceptable pricing policy create good conditions for the potential development of hunting tourism in Ukraine. Today, hunting tours to the Western regions of our country are in demand. A few years ago, tours to Kharkiv and Zaporizhia regions, as well as to the Crimea were quite popular among hunters. However, hostilities in eastern Ukraine, loss of territorial integrity of the state, as well as adverse social and economic situation significantly reduced the number of hunting tours to these regions. Today, domestic hunting tourism is a solitary tour, and therefore systematic hunting
tourism is not discussed. We believe that successful development of this type of tourism is also hindered by many of the problems inherent in the hunting industry. These are the imperfection of the legal framework, low number of hunting animal species, lack of adequate infrastructure, services, related services, insufficient number of specialists, imperfect marketing policy and, as a consequence, loss of the hunting industry. Addressing these problems is a prerequisite for the successful development of hunting tourism.
РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ БАНКІВСЬКОГО СЕКТОРА У КОНТЕКСТІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЙОГО ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ
Authors: Л.А. Плукар
Published: February 2021

The article substantiates the need to regulate the banking sector to ensure economic security of its operation. The main tasks of state regulation and supervision of the banking sector have been identified. The types of existing models of the institutional structure of the system of banking regulation and distribution of powers between prudential supervisors are revealed. Requirements for the development of a model of regulatory policy in the banking sector of Ukraine have been formed. The necessity of creating early crisis prevention systems (macroeconomic, based on warning indicators), monitoring of systemic financial institutions, application of macroprudential
analysis with regular publication of a strategic document - the Financial Stability Report. The foreign experience of macroprudential regulation and supervision with the help of established specialized divisions of central banks on financial stability and security is reflected. The creation of a separate unit of financial stability and security in Ukraine was initiated, reporting directly to the Chairman of the NBU. The scheme of correlation of subjects of management and tools of maintenance of economic safety of national banking system with separation of subjects of management of economic safety of banking sector, tools of maintenance of economic safety of banking sector at the international and national levels of banking supervision is developed. The implementation of the principles of the Basel Accords in the activity of the banking system of Ukraine is determined as a determining factor in strengthening its financial stability and economic security. The issue of trust in the banking system is one of the main criteria for success, efficiency and security of the banking sector of the economy of each state. The need for monitoring and management of systemic risks has been proved.
Occupancy estimation and modeling in monitoring tigers with implications for conservation and management
Authors: Swain Debabrata , Morris Paul J.
Published: February 2021

The tiger (Panthera tigris) is highly endangered through out its range and one of the impediments to effective tiger conservation is the lack of simple and cost effective methods for monitoring of wild tiger populations. With an aim to find a rapid, cost effective, and statistically robust methodology to take quick management decisions, observations of tiger and co-predator sign in administrative subunits (beats) of the Similipal Tiger Reserve, located between 200 28’ and 220 08’ North latitude, and 860 04’ and 860 37’ East longitude in India, were subjected to an occupancy estimation and modeling analysis. Several environmental factors were identified as covariates with explanatory power for the pattern of observations of tiger sign. Most important of these were the proportion of the area of the beat that is classified as disturbed habitat, the distance between the beat and the nearest inhabited place, and the total number of prey observed in the beat in a separate set of surveys for ungulates and other tiger prey species. The results of this analysis have clear management implications for the reserve, with beats classifiable into four categories, each with its own target strategy for increasing tiger abundance. These categories are: highest concern, reduce disturbance, increase prey protection, and maintain current protection. This study suggests that occupancy estimation and modeling from surveys of large mammalian predator sign is a simple cost-effective statistically robust methodology that can be performed by the management staff of a reserve and can be used to engage members of the local population in conservation.
Mycobiota and aflatoxin (B1 and B2) contamination of apricot kernels (Prunus armeniaca L.) from Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Bala Pinky , Gupta Dimple , Sharma Y. P.
Published: February 2021

The aim of the present work was to assess the mycoflora and evaluate the aflatoxin contamination in apricot kernels from Jammu and Kashmir. A total of 83 samples collected from different regions of Jammu province were analysed for the mycoflora by different isolation techniques. Twenty nine fungal species belonging to 16 genera were recorded from these samples during mycoflora analysis. Species of Aspergillus were found to be the most frequent colonizers followed by the Penicillium among all the recorded moulds. In view of the predominance of Aspergillus flavus, a known producer of aflatoxins, screening of 83 contaminated samples was carried out for total aflatoxin levels using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Out of these, 20 samples detected positive for aflatoxin B1 and B2 and the level of contamination ranged from 72.43-216.88µg/g and 0.11-235.32µg/g respectively which exceeds the tolerance limit of 20µg/g set by World Health Organization. The present study constitutes the first report on the incidence of mycoflora and aflatoxin contamination in dried apricot kernels from the markets of Jammu and Kashmir.
Effect of wildlife damage on the life of people living around Kaziranga National Park
Authors: Das Daisy
Published: February 2021

The benefit from protected area is enjoyed at international level where as benefit is negligible at local level and often people have to bear losses for living around protected area. Wildlife damage is one such cost of living around protected area. Wild animals often destroys crop, assets, kill livestock and destroy property. Such wildlife damage many times becomes a bone of contention between people living around protected area and the park authority. In developing countries it becomes difficult to control such damage for park authority and giving compensation is not a feasible way. Therefore, the present study tries to assess the extent of wildlife damage in Kaziranga National Park (KNP) which is conflict ridden. It has been found from the survey that damage is enormous and people are dissatisfied with the park authority. This paper suggests that to obtain support of local people emphasis should be given crop protection measures and alternative livelihood opportunities.
Assessment of air pollution tolerance levels of some plant species of Jammu
Authors: Kour Barneet , K. Raina Anil
Published: February 2021

The air pollution tolerance indices (APTI) of four plant species: Ficus religiosa, Polyalthia longifolia, Pterospernum acerifolium and Thevetia peruviana growing along roadsides at polluted site (Satwari-Bikram Chowk road)  in Jammu city has been worked out and compared with the plants growing at the reference location (New University Campus) to categorize plants as sensitive or resistant. The plants were analysed for leaf relative water content (RWC), ascorbic acid content (AA), total leaf chlorophyll (T Ch) and leaf extract pH to compute the APTI values which indicated that all plants belong to sensitive category as per the index range given by Gaikwad et al. (2006). The values of all the studied biochemical parameters and APTI has been observed to decline in the plants growing at polluted sites in comparison to plants growing at reference site. However, among the plant species growing at polluted site, Ficus religiosa has been observed to be comparatively more tolerant against air pollutants with a maximum APTI value (4.76±0.16) whereas Pterospernum acerifolium is more sensitive to air pollutants with minimum APTI value (1.65±0.19). The order of tolerance among these plants has been observed to be: Ficus religiosa> Polyalthia longifolia> Thevetia peruviana> Pterospernum acerifolium. The result also indicated that combining variety of these parameters gave a more reliable result than those of individual parameter.
Analysis of heavy metals and coliform in samples of drinking water collected from municipal ward offices of western suburbs of Mumbai, India
Authors: Zodape G.V
Published: February 2021

14 drinking water samples were collected from Vile Parle to Dadar of Suburban’s of (P-South ward offices of B.M.C (Bombay Municipal Corporation) Mumbai in the month from June to December 2012. The samples of drinking-water were analyzed for Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, As, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd and Hg. From the results so obtained, the contamination due to heavy metals – Zn (3.115 ppm and 7.816 ppm), Mn (3.115 ppm and 7.426 ppm), Fe (1.124 ppm and 2.872 ppm), As (0.011 ppm to 0.091 ppm), Cr (0.188 ppm and 0.998 ppm ), Pb (1.587 ppm and 4.56 ppm) and Cd (0.011 ppm and 0.051 ppm ) was found to be high whereas the contamination due to Cu (0.012 ppm and 0.313 ppm), Ni (0.126 ppm and 0.774 ppm), were found below the acceptable limits and no Hg was detected in the samples of drinking-water. In the present work, MacConkey Broth was used as a differential medium for detection and enumeration of coliforms from a wide variety water samples. The presence of positive doubtful presumptive test immediately suggests that the water is non potable (i.e., both acid and gas develops in a tube after 48 hours incubation). Confirmation suggests that there is fecal contamination in the water under investigation and hence it is non potable. All the fourteen samples (streaked from positive Ma cConkey broth tubes) were found to be contaminated with E. coli, which was further confirmed by the presence of colonies with green metallic sheen observed under a microscope confirmed that the said samples were contaminated with E. coli - the major indicator of fecal contamination.
Sediment texture and nutrients of Muttukadu, sand bar built backwaters, Tamilnadu, India
Authors: Kalpana G. , Natesan Usha
Published: February 2021

Muttukadu backwater form a complex system of shallow estuarine network spread over an area of 0.87 km2 meant for fishing and boating activities. The study area is connected to the sea by a bar mouth, the width of which is variable from a few meters to 200 m in different months. Mouth closes due to sandbar formation from March to September. A combination of reduced river discharge, the build-up of an oceanic bar as a result of onshore sediment transport by long-period swell wave action during summer, cause the formation of sand bar.  Sediments are the major sink for chemical components of water bodies and sediment chemical analyses afford methods for measurements of the quality of overlying water and the levels of potential pollutants. Station 1(0.5 km away from the mouth) and 9 which is in the sea is always sand dominated as they are influenced by the nearshore dynamics. The saline sea water, which enters the estuary, resuspends the flocculated sediments at the mouth and transports the fine floccules to the water column during the open condition. pH (7.7) of the sediment is high during monsoon season. The total nitrogen (4.7µg/L) of sediments is higher during summer season due to the oxidation of dead plant organic matter, which has settled on the top layer. Total Phosphate shows a positive correlation with silt. Phosphorus load is high in the stations 5, 6, 7 and 8 is 2.3, 2.1, 4 and 2.5 (µg/L) which is located in the upstream of the backwater and in Buckingham canal compared with the mouth region, indicating that the environment is substantially influenced by local sources of sewage, industrial effluent etc.
Effects of Zn stress on antioxidant enzyme activity in Lemna polyrrhiza L.
Authors: Parikh Punita , Unadkat Krupa
Published: February 2021

The effect of deleterious concentration of zinc provided individually was investigated in order to assess the effect of metal interaction in Lemna polyrrhiza L. The present study also emphasizes on the response of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase enzymes under zinc stress. Both antioxidant enzymes exhibited an increasing trend under different treatment conditions but it was reverse at highly toxic metal concentration. The antioxidant activities of enzymes, i.e of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and their activity proportions were examined. Catalase activities were substantially increased in a stress environment as compared to guaiacol peroxidase. Further, catalase and showed increased activities in a combined stress environment. Physiological role of these enzymes in stress tolerance mechanism is discussed. The response of Lemna polyrrhiza L to toxic concentrations of Zn appears to induce oxidative damage as observed by the increase antioxidant metabolism.
Evaluation of physico-chemical quality of groundwater in the surroundings of Valiathura sewage farm in Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala, South India
Authors: Varghese Jainy , Jaya D.S.
Published: February 2021

The present study was conducted to determine the changes in the physico-chemical characteristics of the groundwater in the surroundings of the sewage farm in Valiathura, Thiruvananthpuram district, Kerala. For this, 42 groundwater samples (29 dug wells and 13 bore wells) were collected bimonthly from the study area during the period January to December 2010 covering pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons and the major physico-chemical parameters were analysed. The values recorded for parameters such as total alkalinity (330 mg/l), potassium (63.40 mg/l), magnesium (52.39 mg/l) and phosphates (4.71 mg/l in dug wells at some stations exceeded the desirable limits for drinking water quality prescribed by WHO and BIS standards. The Sodium Adsorption Ratio (0.20 - 6.33), Percent sodium (8.54 - 71.83) and Permeability Index values (48.07 - 119.35) showed that all the groundwater samples in the study area were suitable for irrigation purposes.  The study revealed that about 31% of the dug wells adjacent to the sewage farm and Parvathy Puthen Ar canal were moderately contaminated and consumption of water from these wells may lead to various health problems in residents. As nutrients like phosphates, sodium, potassium, magnesium were high in well water samples and prolonged consumption of nutrients enriched well water may cause health problems such as high blood pressure, bowel cancer (due to phosphates), cardiovascular diseases (due to sodium and magnesium), renal diseases (due to sodium and potassium).Therefore effective management measures should be taken to protect the groundwater sources in Valiathura area.
Development of primary cell culture from the caudal fin region of snow trout Schizothorax plagiostomus (Heckel)
Authors: Chowdhary Ashish K. , Bahuguna S N
Published: February 2021

A primary cell culture has been established from the Snow trout Schizothorax plagiostomus. Primary cultures have developed from caudal fin tissues by explant culture technique. Cell outgrowth has been obtained from the caudal fin explant after 5-7 days of explant culture. The culture medium used for the experiment was Leibovitz-15 supplemented with 20% Fetal Bovine Serum. Radiation of cells from the explants started after 2 to 3 days. Both fibroblast like and epithelial like cells were noticed but fibroblast like cells dominated as the growth progressed.
Equilibrium isotherm studies for the sorption of Nickel ions onto coal fly ash
Authors: Agarwal Ajay K. , Kadu Mahendra S. , Pandhurnekar Chandrashekhar P. , Muthreja Ishwardas L.
Published: February 2021

The objective of the present study was to study equilibrium isotherm for the sorption of Nickel ions onto coal fly ash. In this study, BET adsorption isotherm was found to be best fitted among  Langmuir, Freundlich, BET, Temkin and Harkins Jura adsorption isotherms using lest square fit method. The best fit adsorption isotherm   is assessed by the linear coefficient of determination (R2) and non-linear Chi-square test. The theoretical value of qe calculated from the best fit linear equation of each adsorption isotherm and the experimental values of qe (0.08) are plotted against Ce, to compare the experimental and Theoretical value of qe.
Propagation of Quercus robur L. (English Oak) by stem cuttings in Western Himalayas (Kashmir)
Authors: Iqbal Javaid , Dutt V. , Ahmad Hillal , Bhat G.M. , Khan P. A.
Published: February 2021

Two experiments were conducted for propagation of Quercus robur L. by stem cuttings in Kashmir valley. First experiment which includes: hardwood cuttings were treated with Indolebutyric acid(IBA)having concentrations of 5,000, 10,000, 15,000, and 20,000 ppm in talc and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) having concentrations of 500, 1,000 and 1,500 ppm in talc while the second experiment i.e. softwood cuttings were taken and treated with Indolebutyric acid (IBA) having concentrations of 5,000, 10,000, 15,000, 20,000 ppm quick-dipped for 5-seconds and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) having concentrations of500, 1,000 and 1,500 ppm dipped for 24 hours and in both (nontreated) as control and placed under mist conditions. It was found that English Oak can be propagated through cuttings and auxin treatment is imperative and Indolebutyric acid (IBA) with concentration of 10,000 ppm showed best results with highest recorded rooting of 51.30 per cent in case of softwood cuttings and for hardwood cuttings also, Indolebutyric acid (IBA) with concentration of 10,000 ppm showed good results with highest recorded rooting of 29.70 per cent. However, control and NAA-treatments in both softwood and hardwood cuttings could not induce rooting at all.
A preliminary study on lichen diversity of Kailash and its environs, Bhaderwah, J&K
Authors: Sharma Sachin , K. Raina Anil , Upreti D.K.
Published: February 2021

A preliminary survey of lichen diversity in the sub-alpine and alpine ecosystem of Kailash and its environs in upper Bhaderwah region of J&K state has revealed the occurrence of 17 species belonging to 11 families and 15 genera. Parmaliaceae has been recorded as the largest family with 4 species and 4 genera and is followed by Verrucariaceae and Cladoniaceae, each with 2 species and 1 genus. Foliose lichens are dominating the area and are represented by 8 species while crustose are represented by 4 species only.  Both, corticolous and saxicolous lichen are represented by 8 species each while 1 species belonged to terricolous group of lichen.
Determination of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu metals in ground water of District Hapur, Uttar Pradesh (India) by anodic stripping voltammetric technique
Authors: Mohan Udit , Singh Randhir , Singh Prem , N. Suhas , Prusty Poonam Kashyap , Tyagi Varun , K. Sweety
Published: February 2021

In the present communication determination of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu metals has been carried out from ground water of Hapur District, Uttar Pradesh (India) using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) at Hanging Mercury Dropping Electrode (HMDE). Determination of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu was carried out by using acetate solution as buffer (pH 4.6) with a sweep rate of 0.06 V/sec and pulse amplitude 0.05 V by HMDE by standard addition method. The minimum level of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu should also be near to zero and the concentration found in the ground water sample of Hapur (India) as analyzed 2.1834, 0.0509, 0.0116 and 0.0331mg/L-1 respectively.
Monthly variation in physico-chemical properties of Kosi River in Almora district, Uttrakhand
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Upadhyay Hem Chandra , Pandey Anupama
Published: February 2021

The present investigation was carried out on the Kosi River, an important tributary of the river Ramgangafrom January 2012 to December 2012. Kosi is a spring fed river. The constituents monitored included water temperature, current velocity, pH, total dissolved solid, total solids, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, total alkalinity and hardness. Throughout the study period, the water was found hard and a significant variation of the rest parameters were observed. The present study also revealed that the physico-chemical parameters showed a great seasonal variation and velocity of water andtotal solids were found to be highest in monsoon season that had a strong impact on other physico-chemical factors of the river.
Studies on the fecundity of Mastacembelus armatus fish from River Narmada in West Nimar (M.P.)
Authors: Bakawale Sunita , Kanhere R. R.
Published: February 2021

The spiny eel Mastacembelus armatus is an economically important freshwater food fish native of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Indonesia and other parts of South-east Asia. The study was conducted from river Narmada to determine the fecundity of Mastacembelus armatus during the period of one year (2006-2007). Fecundity of fish was determined by numerical method. It ranged from 1872 eggs to 5402 eggs in total length range of 42.1 to 47.9cms. The Fecundity of Mastacembelus armatus in relation to fish length, fish weight & ovary weight was worked out.