bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract No.: ABS3618: Implication Of Pre Operative Frailty In Risk Assessment Of Post Operative DeliriumIn Elderly Indian Patients Undergoing Non-Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Rani Shweta
Published: September 2024

JOURNAL/ijana/04.03/01762628-202203001-00020/inline-graphic1/v/2022-09-30T091728Z/r/image-tiff

JOURNAL/ijana/04.03/01762628-202203001-00020/inline-graphic2/v/2022-09-30T091728Z/r/image-tiff

Background & Aims:

Frailty is defined as result of a progressive decline in homeostatic capacity and is a vicious cycle. Delirium is defined as acute in onset, inattention, with cognition dysfunction and behaviour abnormalities

Methods:

Consenting patients above 65 years of age, undergoing non cardiac surgery were enrolled. Frailty was assessed preoperatively with Modified Fried Criteria (MFC) and patients were divided into Frail (MFC<3/7) and Non frail category (MFC>3/7). Postoperatively patients were assessed for delirium by Confusion assessment method , Montreal Cognitive Assessment and 12 item Mini-Mental State Examination on Day 1, Day 3, and telephonically by T-MOCA at 1 and 3 months postoperative

Results:

109 patients were enrolled. Post-operative delirium on Day 1 was seen in 9 (8.25%) patients and all patients belonged to frail category. Cognitive dysfunction assessed by MOCA and MMSE on Day1 was seen in 85.7%(81/98) and 63.3% (62/98) in frail elderly significantly higher than 45.5% (5/11), and 27.3% (3/11) in non-frail elderlies. significantly greater cognitive dysfunction was seen in frail patients at Day3, at one month and at three months (77.6% in frail versus 36.4% in non-frail) too.

Conclusion:

In our study we found that pre-operative Frail elderly patients had significantly increased post-operative cognitive dysfunction at day 1, 3 and 1st month and 3rd month after non-cardiac surgery. Incidence of postoperative delirium however was similar
INCIDENCE, RISK FACTORS AND PATTERN OF SEVERE RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY IN A TERTIARY EYE CARE CENTER AT LUCKNOW, UTTAR PRADESH
Authors: Sahay Rajesh , Rastogi Ashutosh , Gupta Alka , Tandon Anu , Purwar Anupam
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

To describe the incidence, characteristics including risk factors and pattern of severe ROP(Retinopathy of Prematurity) from a tertiary eye care center at Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh

Methods:

In this 2 year hospital-based retrospective non-randomized observational study, baseline characteristics, systemic risk factors and findings of ROP screening were noted. Factors associated with severe ROP including aggressive posterior ROP (APROP), stage 4 and 5 ROP were analysed. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS.

Results:

Of 627 babies screened, 15% were diagnosed to have ROP. incidence of severe ROP was 6.37 % (40) noted, of which20 (50%) were classic and 18 (45%) were APROP.Two babies (5%) were diagnosed as advanced ROP (stage 4 & 5). Mean gestational age and birth weight for severe ROP was 29.5 weeks and 1398.5 grams respectively which was inversely associated with severity of ROP. A significant 75 % (30) of severe ROP was seen in very preterm babies (28-32 weeks). Oxygen exposure, primigravidae and poor pupillary dilation were associated significantly with severity of ROP. An important factor for stage 4 and 5 ROP was late presentation for screening.

Conclusion:

The study found a high incidence of severe ROP including APROP. Low gestational age, low birth weight and oxygen exposure were found significant risk factors.

Late presentation for screening is an important factor associated with ROP associated blindness. Early referral, early
screening and early intervention are the key to appropriate management of ROP.
CHOROIDAL RUPTURE WITH SUBMACULAR HEMORRHAGEA BLUNT TRAUMA PERSPECTIVE.
Authors: Kumari Archana , Keshev Kumar Prakash
Published: September 2024

Submacular hemorrhage (SMH) is a collection of blood in the potential space between photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium(RPE). It can occur due to variety of conditions like choroidal neovascularisation (CNV), trauma, inflammation of retina and choroid, vascular malformations and as a complication of intraocular surgeries. Traumatic SMH is usually found in association with choroidal rupture following blunt trauma. The hemorrhage present in subretinal space detaches the neurosensory retina from retinal pigment epithelial and leads to profound visual loss. The prognosis of untreated SMH is variable ranging from significant visual loss to complete recovery.
MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY PRESENTING AS BILATERAL PTOSIS IN A TEENAGER GIRL
Authors: Roy Pummy , Ravi Alka
Published: September 2024

Mitochondrial myopathies are types of myopathies associated with mitochondrial disease. On biopsy, the muscle tissue of patients with these diseases usually demonstrate "ragged red" muscle fibres. These ragged-red fibres contain mild accumulations of glycogen and neutral lipids, and may show an increased reactivity for succinate dehydrogenase and a decreased reactivity for cytochrome c oxidase. Inheritance was believed to be maternal (non- Mendelian extranuclear). It is now known that certain nuclear DNA deletions can also cause mitochondrial myopathy such as the OPA1 gene deletion.

Signs and symptoms: Progressive ophthalmoparesis, Symptomatic overlap with other mitochondrial myopathies- MELAS, MERFS, CPEO.
Comparison of Porphyromonas Gingivalis Count and Salivary Immunoglobulin a Against Lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas Gingivalis in Periodontal Health and Disease
Authors: Baheti Abhinav Subhashchandra , Pudakalkatti Pushpa S , Bhat Kishore G
Published: September 2024

Background:

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) have been implicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare P. gingivalis in subgingival plaque samples and salivary (immunoglobulin A [IgA]) antibodies against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of P. gingivalis in periodontal health and disease.

Materials and Methods:

Totally sixty subjects were included, thirty subjects in healthy group and thirty subjects in chronic periodontitis group. Subgingival plaque and unstimulated saliva samples were obtained from each study subject. P. gingivalis (colony-forming units [CFUs]) were detected using culture method, and salivary IgA levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Comparisons between the healthy and chronic periodontitis groups were done for P. gingivalis CFUs/ml (CFUs/milliliter) as well as for salivary IgA levels using Mann–Whitney U-test. Correlation between CFUs/ml of P. gingivalis and salivary IgA levels was also assessed in both the groups.

Results:

Although P. gingivalis CFUs/ml count was more in the chronic periodontitis group, difference was not statistically significant. Salivary IgA levels were significantly higher in the chronic periodontitis group compared to the healthy group. No correlation was observed between CFUs/ml of P. gingivalis and salivary IgA levels in the healthy group as well as the chronic periodontitis group.

Conclusions:

Increased levels of specific salivary antibodies (IgA) against LPS from P. gingivalis are associated with periodontal disease. Salivary IgA level against LPS from P. gingivalis can be a promising indicator in the serological diagnosis of periodontal disease.
Clinical characteristic, laboratory biomarkers, treatment regimen and psychiatry problems predictors of outcomes of alopecia areata: a prospective study
Authors: Shehata Rofaida Refaat , Ahmed Gellan K. , Shaltout Asmaa S. , Kamal Dalia Tarik , Badawy Eman R. , Gomaa Ahmed S.
Published: September 2024

Background

Alopecia areata (AA) has multiple aetiology such as genetic and environmental triggers.

Aims

To assess the recovery rate of AA and examine the associated psychiatric problems. Additionally, the relationship between clinical, psychiatric, and laboratory biomarkers and alopecia outcomes were investigated, along with potential risk factors that could aid in treating alopecia.

Patients and methods

A prospective cohort research included 42 AA patients and 45 healthy controls. Group A (active disease), group B (inactive disease), and group C (healthy control) were based on illness outcomes after 3 months of treatment. The Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT), treatment regimens, laboratory investigation Interleukins 19 and 33 (IL-19 and IL-33), Symptom Checklist 90, and post-traumatic stress disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) were evaluated.

Results

After 3 months of therapy, the incidence of inactive AA was found to be 57.14%. Being females with family history of dermatitis were highly related with active illness, while smoking and unmarried patients were associated with inactive disease. After 3 months of treatment, active illness had the highest mean IL-33 and IL-19 levels.

Conclusion

The active disease group exhibited the highest mean IL-33 and IL-19 levels at baseline following three months of treatment. Our patients had 7.1% somatization, 7.1% obsessive-compulsive symptoms, 4.8% depression, 4.8% anxiety, 15.9% anger-hostility, 35.7% phobic-anxiety, 26.2% paranoid ideation, 4.8% psychoticism, and 61.9% post-traumatic stress disorder. AA outcomes were linked to females, a family history of dermatological disorders, smoking, being single, and higher mean IL-33 and IL-19 levels. Psychosis was highly linked with active AA. Only khellin and Ultraviolet A improved AA results.
Assessment of sexual function and quality of life in breast cancer patients before and after the occurrence of therapy-related skin changes
Authors: Khaled Hesham N. , Ibrahim Entsar E. , Abdel Aziz Reham A.
Published: September 2024

Background

Patients with breast cancer (BC) who receive adjuvant chemotherapy or other treatment modalities may potentially benefit from an enhanced prognosis of survival. Physical or aesthetic complications may, nevertheless, result in significant distress as a consequence of adverse dermatologic responses. There has been a heightened focus on matters related to quality of life (QoL) as the number of BC survivors has risen. Sexual disorders are reported by as many as 75% of women who undergo treatment for BC. Despite this, the majority of oncologists lack the necessary training to identify patients who are particularly susceptible to developing sexual disorders. Patients diagnosed with BC frequently experience female sexual dysfunction.

Objective

To compare and evaluate the impact of skin changes induced by different treatment modalities in BC patients on their sexual function and QoL.

Patients and methods

This is a prospective cohort research on 58 cases diagnosed with BC, which was conducted in the outpatient clinic of the Clinical Oncology department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University from April 2022 to February 2023. The calculated sample size for the current study using Epi info 7 programs was 56 women. The power of the study is 80% with a confidence level of 95% as determined by the Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University. Both sexual function and QoL were assessed before and 3–6 months after the occurrence of skin changes related to different treatment modalities using validated questionnaires irrespective of their tumor stage.

Results

Of the 58 patients, there was statistically significant variance regarding dermatological life quality index (DLQI) (P<0.001), with 8.6% of patients experiencing a very large influence on their QoL, which increased to 19%. However, the number of patients having an extremely large influence on their quality of life changed from 0 to 5.2%. There was statistically significant variance (P<0.001) regarding female sexual function index values among the six domains of female sexual function index before and after the occurrence of skin changes. There is a negative correlation between DLQI score and desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and satisfaction scores, while there is a positive correlation between DLQI score and pain score. QoL was negatively affected by the occurrence of such skin lesions.

Conclusion

There was a significant negative impact of skin changes induced by different treatment modalities in BC patients on their sexual function and QoL.
Efficacy of single-dose oral ivermectin in treatment of rosacea in relation to demodex mites
Authors: Sharara Manal A. , Abdel Hamid Kariman S. , Imam Adel A.
Published: September 2024

Background

Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease. Demodex mites play an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of rosacea. Despite the various therapeutic options available, rosacea can be difficult to treat in some patients. Topical Ivermectin is approved for the treatment of rosacea. However, oral Ivermectin has not been extensively studied in the treatment of rosacea. This study aimed to (a) evaluate the efficacy, safety, adverse effects, and patient satisfaction of a single 250 µg/kg dose of oral ivermectin in the treatment of different subtypes of rosacea and (b) correlate its efficacy to different clinical variables. Also, it aimed to (c) clarify the possible role played by demodex mites in the pathogenesis of rosacea and the effect of oral Ivermectin on demodex mite count change after treatment, and its possible mechanisms in the treatment of rosacea.

Methods

This study included 45 rosacea patients; demodex mite count using standardized skin surface biopsies was done before and after receiving a single dose of 250 µg/kg oral Ivermectin. Disease severity was assessed at baseline and after treatment using the 5-point Global Investigator Assessment IGA scale. Patients were followed up every 4 weeks for 3 months.

Results

The results revealed significant Global Investigator Assessment improvement in included patients and high patient satisfaction rate. This was consistent with Demodex mites count that showed a significant decrease after treatment. A low relapse rate and few side effects were recorded.

Conclusion

A single 250 µg/kg dose of oral ivermectin is effective, safe, and tolerable in the treatment of different subtypes of rosacea. It exerts its action through both anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic roles.
Primary Urethral Carcinoma Manifested as a Perineal Abscess
Authors: Kyriazis Ioannis P. , Manolitsis Ioannis S. , Bellos Themistoklis Ch , Katsimperis Stamatios N. , Angelopoulos Panagiotis A. , Neofitou Panagiotis N. , Kapsalos-Dedes Sotirios G. , Deligiannis Panagiotis K. , Tzelves Lazaros I. , Kostakopoulos Nikolaos A. , Lazarou Lazaros C. , Markopoulos Titos P. , Berdempes Marinos V. , Kiriakidis Alexandros A. , Livadas Konstantinos E. , Mitsogiannis Iraklis C. , Varkarakis Ioannis M. , Papatsoris Athanasios G. , Skolarikos Andreas A. , Deliveliotis Charalampos N.
Published: September 2024

Primary urethral cancer is a rare but highly aggressive malignancy. Risk factors include chronic inflammation and irritation of the urethra. In early stages, this type of cancer presents with nonspecific symptoms, which can be misleading and associated with urethral strictures. We report a case of a 66-year-old male with a history of urethral stricture who presented with a perineal abscess of unknown origin. During the process of treatment, he was diagnosed with primary urethral carcinoma. Salvage therapy immediately followed, including surgery and radiation, but during the follow-up, the patient developed distant metastases and died 2 years after initial diagnosis.
Urinary Bladder Microbiome Identification Protocol with Proteomics in Bladder Cancer Patients and Review of the Literature
Authors: Stamatakos Panagiotis Velissarios , Fragkoulis Charalampos , Zoidakis Ieronymos , Ntoumas Konstantinos , Dellis Athanasios
Published: September 2024

Urine was conventionally thought to be sterile. However, recent evidence about the presence of microorganisms residing the urinary tract has led to an emerging field of investigation about the potential role of urinary microbiome in the pathogenesis of urinary bladder cancer. Urinary microbiota refers to the different microbe populations present in the urinary tract while a variety of genetic, environmental, and experimental parameters have been investigated as predisposing factors of microbial composition. Different methods of urine collection as well as experimental methodology on microbiome’s characterization consist of well-defined factors that may alter the microbial composition. Few preliminary data have been reported so far implicating microorganisms as causative and prognostic factors of bladder tumorigenesis, examining mostly midstream-voided urine samples while the most commonly used analyzing technique was 16S rRNA sequencing method. In the present study, a protocol of microbiome identification using proteomics is reported analyzing differences in microbial composition between bladder cancer patients and healthy controls while a review of the current evidence is presented. To the best of our knowledge, proteomics has not been described as a possible method of microbiome characterization before.
A Review of the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Urology Residence Training
Authors: Stamatakos Panagiotis Velissarios , Glykas Ioannis , Fragkoulis Charalampos , Dellis Athanasios
Published: September 2024

Introduction and Objective:

Since March 11, 2020, when the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a pandemic, a significant strain was placed on the worldwide health-care system. Although urology does not stand at the frontline of care for patients with COVID-19, every practicing urologist has been affected by the global outbreak. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on urology residency training was evaluated taking into account the residents’ point of view regarding these unprecedented circumstances.

Evidence Acquisition:

We performed a literature review on the current evidence based on urology residency training during the COVID-19 pandemic. Relevant databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) were searched (until June 2021), and the main inclusion criterion was the presence of residents’ or directors’ opinion on their residency training program during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Evidence Synthesis:

The search identified 72 articles. A total of 14 studies reporting on more than 2500 residents were eligible for inclusion. The articles were analyzed, and the results are presented in the current review.

Conclusions:

This unprecedented situation has critically affected urology residency training. A decrease in operation volume, especially those in which residents were directly involved as well as in the majority of academic activities, has been reported by many studies. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has generated a significant impact on trainees’ mental well-being and lifestyle. On the other hand, the lockdown stressed the opportunity to implement innovative training tools, such as smart training programs and surgical skill development activities monitored by expert urologists.
Exploring the Benefits of Preoperative Androgen Stimulation in Hypospadias Surgery: A Histological Analysis of Neovascularization
Authors: Nikolaraki Eleni Anastasia , Tsachouridis Georgios , Stefanidis Antonios , Alamanis Christos , Kambas Nikolaos
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

The administration of androgens prior to hypospadias surgery is recommended to enhance penile growth, improve neovascularization, and facilitate surgical correction, leading to improved cosmetic results. This study aimed to investigate the histological differences in neovascularization between hypospadiac patients who received preoperative testosterone and those who did not.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 33 boys aged 1–5½ years with anterior, medial, posterior penile or scrotal hypospadias were included in the study. Eighteen patients (Group A) received testosterone at a dosage of 25 mg intramuscularly every 4 weeks for 2–4 doses, with a maximum dose of 100 mg, as directed by an endocrinologist. Fifteen patients (control Group B) underwent hypospadias repair without androgen stimulation. During surgery, tissue samples were obtained from the prepuce and urethral plate (if possible). The samples were stained using immunohistochemical methods with anti-CD31 and anti-VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) antibodies. The number of microvessels with CD31 index and the intensity of VEGF expression in vessels, positive cells, and stroma were evaluated.

Results:

The microvessel count with CD31 index and the expression of VEGF in vessels and positive cells were significantly higher in hypospadiac patients who received preoperative testosterone compared to the control group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that preoperative testosterone administration may enhance neovascularization in hypospadiac patients and should be considered in preoperative treatments, especially when using prepucial flaps. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of vascularity in surgical repair and to validate these findings.
Evaluation of anticonvulsant activity of Harpagophytum procumbens leaves (Devil’s claw) in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Kalabharathi H. L. , Mariam Ayesha , Doddawad Vidya Gowdappa , Shivananda S. , Sanjay C. J.
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

The aim of this study was to examine the anticonvulsant properties of an ethanolic extract derived from the leaves of Harpagophytum procumbens (commonly known as devil’s claw) in Swiss albino mice.

Materials and Methods:

The ethanolic extract of H. procumbens leaves (EHPL) was administered orally at doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight, and two animal models were used to assess its anticonvulsant activity: the maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) models of convulsions. The duration of tonic phase of hind limb extension and extended seizure latency period were recorded.

Results:

The results showed that the EHPL at a dosage of 400 mg/kg significantly reduced the duration of tonic convulsions in the hind limbs in the MES-induced seizures model, while EHPL at 800 mg/kg significantly increased the latency period of clonic convulsions in the PTZ-induced seizures model.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that EHPL may be useful in managing grand mal epilepsy and absence seizures as it displayed significant antiepileptic activity in both models at 400 and 800 mg/kg p.o. The study is important as it will help to identify new sources of anticonvulsant drugs and contribute to the development of alternative treatment options for seizure disorders.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article:

Medical knowledge.
Evaluation of Hemorrhage Immediately after Extraction and Postextraction in Patients on Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for Last 5 Years
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Ahmad Tahir , Bhat Tariq Ah , Khadase Priyadarshani , Kaur Amandeep
Published: September 2024

Aim and Objective:

The aim of our study was to evaluate hemorrhage immediately after extraction and postextraction in patients on oral anticoagulant therapy for the past 5 years.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 100 patients, equally divided into study group and control group of 50 patients each, who were on anticoagulant therapy for the past 5 years were included in the study and were assessed for general medical status, drug dosage, indication for anticoagulant therapy, and duration of treatment before being included in the study. Before undertaking any procedure, the international normalized ratio (INR) for each of the patient under study was requested and the study was only performed if INR was within the therapeutic range of 2.0–4.0 for each patient. Any patients with INR outside the therapeutic range, patients with liver disease, patients on other drugs that affect the hemostasis (long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressant drugs), and patients who refused to sign the consent for the study were excluded from the study.

Results:

None of the patients, in study group, had any immediate postoperative bleeding during the 30 min that they were observed after the extractions, and no patient in study group had any bleeding during the first 24 h. One patient from the study group (50-year-old female, INR 3.2) had intermittent oozing on the 3rd day postoperatively, after extractions of lower right 2nd molar.

Conclusion:

We conclude that hemorrhagic episodes postextraction in patients on anti-coagulant therapy is manageable following atraumatic extraction, hemostatic agents and sutures. Its also concluded that patients on anticoagulant are at high risk of thromboembolic events than postextraction hemorrhage so anticoagulant therapy should be continued without any alteration.
Retrospective Analysis on the Incidence and Pattern of Facial Bone Fractures in a Major Trauma Center of Eastern Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Mishra Nitesh , Singh Akhilesh Kumar , Janani T. , Sharma Naresh Kumar , Priya Aditi
Published: September 2024

Background:

Maxillofacial trauma is one of the growing concerns in the field of health sector around the world. Fractures of the maxillofacial region often lead to considerable morbidity of esthetics and function.

Aim:

This study aims to establish the incidence and pattern of facial bone fractures as well as to present their etiology, frequency, and distribution among the cases reporting in the major trauma center of eastern Uttar Pradesh.

Materials and Methods:

The total number of patients included in this study was 575. The data were obtained from previous documented records. Proportions and relations of data are compared with the help of the Chi-square test. P < 0.05 suggests results are significant.

Results:

Of 575 patients, 376 patients had isolated fractures and 199 patients had mixed fractures. The mandible is the most commonly affected bone. The most commonly involved anatomical site was parasymphysis of the mandible (25.6% [202/790]), followed by zygomatic complex 14.9% (118/790). The mean age of patients was 28.92 years with a male predilection. The mean age for males and females was 29.44 years and 24.29 years, respectively. The most common age group involved in maxillofacial injury was 21–30. The correlation of anatomical sites of maxillofacial fractures according to age group was inferred to be statistically insignificant as P > 0.05. The most common mode of injury was inferred to be road traffic accidents (85.7% [493/575]). The correlation between anatomical site and mode of injuries was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

This study concludes that road traffic accident is the most common mode of injury and the most common bone involved is the mandible, with parasymphysis being the most affected anatomical site. The current study also demonstrates a significant correlation between the anatomical site of injury and the mode of injury.
Tuberculosis Cases Related to Tertiary Care Cardiac Center Experiences in the Last 10 Years
Authors: Kaya Sibel Doğan , Evik Güliz , Deniz Münire
Published: September 2024

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest and deadliest infectious diseases known to affect human health, which is gaining renewed importance today.

Methods:

In our center, which is a tertiary research hospital, the data of patients hospitalized due to TB between 2011 and 2022 were retrospectively identified by searching the database.

Results:

Six women (30.0%) and 14 men (70.0%) were included in the study. When analyzed by age grouping, four patients between the ages of 19 and 34 years (20.0%), five patients between the ages of 38 and 58 years (25.0%), five patients aged 61–69 years (25.0%), and six patients aged 70–81 years (30.0%). Radiographs showed cavitation in 9 (45.0%) patients, and 11 (55.0%) patients had no radiologic findings. The ARS results of the participants showed that there were 7 (35.0%) patients positive and 13 (65.0%) patients negative. When the TB culture variables of the participants were analyzed, it was found that there were 5 (25.0%) people with no growth and 15 (75.0%) people with growth. Concurrent diseases were noted in patients including 5 (25.0%) with organ transplantation, 3 (15.0%) with diabetes mellitus, 2 (%10) with cancer, and 2 (10%) with chronic renal failure according to the chart records. The distribution of cases was as follows: 19 (95.0%) pulmonary TB and 1 (5.0%) pleural TB. It was found that there were 5 (25.0%) people with a history of TBC and 15 people (75.0%) without a history of TBC. Moreover, drug susceptibility tests showed that 5 (25%) patients of the isolates were identified as multidrug resistant with first-line drug susceptibility testing.

Conclusion:

The study was not financially supported by any individual/organization, and the authors have no vested interests.
Bioinformatic Approach for Repurposing Immunomodulatory Drugs for Lepromatous Leprosy
Authors: Espitia Gary J. , Arenas Nelson Enrique , Gutiérrez-Castañeda Luz Dary , Guerrero Martha Inírida
Published: September 2024

Background:

The lepromatous leprosy (LL) disease is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis which is characterized by inadequate response to treatment, a propensity to drug resistance, and patient disability. We aimed to evaluate current immunomodulatory medicines and their target proteins collectively as a drug repurposing strategy to decipher novel uses for LL.

Methods:

A dataset of human genes associated with LL-immune response was retrieved from public health genomic databases including the Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator and DisGeNET. Retrieved genes were filtered and enriched to set a robust network (≥10, up to 21 edges) and analyzed in the Cytoscape program (v3.9). Drug associations were obtained in the NDEx Integrated Query (v1.3.1) coupled with drug databases such as ChEMBL, BioGRID, and DrugBank. These networks were analyzed in Cytoscape with the CyNDEx-2 plugin and STRING protein network database.

Results:

Pathways analyses resulted in 100 candidate drugs organized into pharmacological groups with similar targets and filtered on 54 different drugs. Gene-target network analysis showed that the main druggable targets associated with LL were tumoral necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1B, and interferon-gamma. Consistently, glucosamine, binimetinib, talmapimod, dilmapimod, andrographolide, and VX-702 might have a possible beneficial effect coupled with LL treatment.

Conclusion:

Based on our drug repurposing analysis, immunomodulatory drugs might have a promising potential to be explored further as therapeutic options or to alleviate symptoms in LL patients.
Comparison of Antiphenolic Glycolipid-1 Antibody Levels in Seropositive Contacts of Leprosy after 2 Years of Single-dose Rifampicin as Postexposure Prophylaxis
Authors: Fantoni Odelia Jovita Jusuf , Rusmawardiana  , Yahya Yulia Farida , Bahar Erial , Toruan Theresia Lumban , Purwoko Muhammad Izazi Hari
Published: September 2024

Background:

Leprosy is still a global problem, especially in developing countries, including Indonesia. Ineffective prevention of leprosy leads to active transmission of the disease. World Health Organization (WHO) recommend post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with single dose of rifampicin (SDR) for leprosy patients. Previous study showed protective effect of SDR against leprosy, especially for the first 2 years. Hence, the use of PEP and IgM anti PGL-1 examination are required to suspend the chain of leprosy transmission. This study evaluated the effectiveness of SDR administration by comparing IgM anti-PGL-1 antibody levels in seropositive household contacts before and after 2 years of SDR administration.

Methods:

Analytical observational laboratory study comparing IgM anti PGL-1 antibody levels before and after 2 years of SDR administration in leprosy contacts, with a prospective follow-up study design. We conducted this study from December 2022 to January 2023 at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang. All seropositive household contacts of leprosy who had been administrated SDR 2 years ago were included, then PGL-1 antibody levels were examined.

Results:

The use of SDR showed significant improvement in leprosy contacts after 2 years (P=0.000). The median antibody level before SDR administration was 1,209.20 (615.81 – 4,353.60), which decrease to 146.03 (0 – 2,487.80) U/mL after 2 years. There was statistically significant relationship between history of BCG vaccination (P=0.003) and IgM PGL-1 antibody levels after 2 years of SDR administration.

Conclusion:

There is a significant decrease in IgM anti PGL-1 antibody levels among leprosy contacts after 2 years of SDR chemoprophylaxis administration.
Proteomic Analysis of Nontuberculous Bacteria Protein Spectra as the Element of Subtyping of Strains
Authors: Lyamin Artem Viktorovich , Sizova Arina Ilinichna , Antipov Vladimir Alexandrovich , Ismatullin Danir Damirovich , Milyutkina Yuliya Sergeevna , Kokorev Daniil Andreevich
Published: September 2024

Background:

For the present, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry is the fastest and the most correct method for species identification of microorganisms. Apart from species-level identification, it allows to use a variety of approaches for the analysis and comparison of protein spectra of microorganisms of the same species, which are isolated from a patient at various disease states, that can be used in routine microbiological practice in laboratories fitted with mass analyzers.

Methods:

Two strains of Mycobacterium fortuitum and two strains of Mycobacterium peregrinum were isolated from sputum samples, which were obtained from patients with different clinical aspects of mycobacteriosis, whereat were reinoculated on the universal chromogenic culture medium “UriSelect 4.” Further, the MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry method was used, aiming to obtain protein profiles, which were analyzed using the FlexAnalysis 3.0 software package. Results of the statistical proteomic comparison of mass spectra were visualized using MALDI Biotyper 3.0 Offline Classification software.

Results:

Presented clinical examples demonstrate that strains of the same species, which are isolated from the same patient at different times of infection, change their cultural properties. Dynamic changes in cultural properties are reflected in changes in protein profiles by comparison spectra of isolates at different stages of colonization, which is reflected in the correlation with the clinical condition of the patient.

Conclusion:

Thus, the mentioned examples of proteomic analysis, using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry, demonstrate the possibility of subtyping of strains, that are isolated on a universal chromogenic culture medium, in case of detection in the culture signs of population’s heterogeneity, based on cultural properties.
COVID-19 Pneumonia with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Patil Shital , Gondhali Gajanan
Published: September 2024

A 75-year-old male presented with acute febrile respiratory illness with hypoxia and anorexia of longer duration; computed tomography (CT) of the thorax was suggestive of cavitary lung disease, with sputum smear positive for acid-fast bacilli and also having classical COVID-19 pneumonia patterns in the CT thorax; and COVID-19 rapid antigen test was positive. He was treated for COVID-19 pneumonia and antituberculosis treatment was initiated at the discharge. He was recovered of both conditions, and we have documented the crucial role of chest CT in managing this case in this pandemic period.
Ten Years' Experience with the Discontinuation of the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin Vaccination in the Czech Republic
Authors: Doležalová Karolína , Göpfertová Dana
Published: September 2024

Background:

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination programs were introduced in Czechoslovakia more than 60 years ago under a quite different epidemiological situation than that of today. Compulsory mass BCG vaccination was abolished in November 2010 and changed to a selective vaccination program for infants at high risk of contracting tuberculosis (TB).

Methods:

This work sets out to ascertain the risk of TB and nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection in the 10-year period following the change to the vaccination program and to compare this with the same period of time when mass BCG vaccination was compulsory. Descriptive study. Statistical analysis of the incidence of tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis as reported in the TB register in years 2001-2020.

Conclusions:

The incidence trend of TB in children in both monitored time periods is identical and statistically significantly decreasing (P < 0.001). In the first monitored period, the incidence trend of NTM cervical lymphadenitis in children is degressive and is not statistically significant (P = 0.561). However, in the second monitored period, the trend increases and is statistically significant (P < 0.001); in every compared 2-consecutive year period, there is an increase of 8%. These findings indicate that the change from mass BCG vaccination to selective vaccination of high-risk newborns and the abolishment of BCG revaccination can be recommended, so long as a keen eye is kept on NTM caused lymphadenitis.
Synchronous multiple primary malignancies or transdifferentiation?—A diagnostic challenge in a case of Xeroderma pigmentosum
Authors: Kanna Sandhyarani M. , Sandeepa Supriya , Mukund K. N. , Nirupama M. , Bhargavi K. N. , Minal Jessica
Published: September 2024

A diagnosis of synchronous tumors is always questionable when they show similar histology. We present a case of synchronous tumors, i.e. melanoma (MM) arising from the scalp and angiosarcoma (AS) from the cheek in a patient of Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). The presence of melanin in AS of the cheek led to a differential diagnosis and a possibility of transdifferentiation of malignant melanoma in the first instance. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was negative for melanoma markers (Melan A, SOX-10 & S 100) and positive for vascular markers (ERG, CD31 & CD34) ruling out transdifferentiation and concluding the cheek swelling as angiosarcoma. The presence of non-cutaneous malignancies is rare in XP and the presence of MM in a nearby site and the melanin pigment in the cutaneous malignancy mislead the diagnosis. The morphology of the tumor was the key which led to the further workup of the case.
Immature platelet fraction in patients diagnosed with COVID-19
Authors: Parashar Neha , Gupta Rashmi J. , Gupta Divya , Siroha Alka , Garg Sandeep , Kumar Suresh
Published: September 2024

Background:

The recent pandemic caused by the newly identified virus, SARS-Cov-2 is associated with thromboembolic events. Patients infected with COVID-19 have been found to have thrombocytopenia. A decrease in platelet count may be caused by increased destruction and consumption of platelets or by decreased production of platelets in the bone marrow. Immature platelet fraction (IPF) is a new platelet parameter that is an indicator for peripheral destruction and consumption of platelets.

Objectives:

To assess the immature platelet fraction (IPF) in patients infected with COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:

The present study is a retrospective study where secondary data obtained from previous laboratory records of COVID-positive patients admitted at a tertiary care hospital in Delhi from 4 January to 4 February 2022 was analyzed. Sixty-eight COVID-positive patients were included. Platelet parameters included from the automated hematology analyzer Mindray were platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), immature platelet fraction (IPF), and platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR). Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 25. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

In the present study mild thrombocytopenia was noted in 40% of the patients infected with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital. The median platelet count in these patients was found to be 91,000/mm3 (64,000–1,31,000). Low platelet count was associated with a significantly higher IPF, MPV, PDW, P-LCR, and a significantly lower PCT as compared to patients infected with COVID-19 with normal platelet count. There was a significant increase in IPF with a decrease in platelet count (P value < 0.05). A significant increase in IPF was noted with an increase in MPV and P-LCR (P value < 0.05).

Interpretation and Conclusion:

The present study suggests that thrombocytopenia in patients infected with COVID-19 may probably be due to peripheral destruction and consumption of platelets.
Nutritional care of children with cleft lip and palate: A pragmatic approach
Authors: Bhargava Neeta , Bhargava Suveer , Pandey Astha
Published: September 2024

The cleft lip and palate affect one in 700 newborn babies worldwide. This occurs due to variations during normal development of the primary and/or secondary palate. These lead to multiple challenges for both parents and caregivers in providing proper nutrition for the growth and development of the baby. Babies with cleft lip and palate have difficulty in taking breastfeeding directly, which can lead to gradual lactation suppression. Parental distress, lack of support, unawareness about the defect, improper feeding, frequent infections, and subsequent multiple surgeries can affect the nutrition and development of a cleft child. This article aims to emphasize the importance and understanding of nutrition during the initial 1000 days of life. The infant’s brain undergoes maximal development during this stage, and any nutritional insult can have devastating consequences for their physical and mental development. Mothers and caregivers have to be educated regarding the importance of breastfeeding, benefits of human milk, appropriate feeding positions, methods as well as feeding interventions. This article aims to provide a common understanding of the timeline for providing nutrition to infants before surgery. Therefore, it is important to establish timely and proper feeding to build immunity and adequate weight gain. For the identification of studies for this review, detailed search strategies were developed for each database: PubMed, EMBASE, and OVID. All articles having full-text access were searched electronically. Search included WHO publications, original articles, review articles, and other related articles. This comprehensive understanding of nutrition has to be understood by all stakeholders of the multidisciplinary team to ensure a successful and smooth surgical course and an overall positive outcome.
Аппроксимативные свойства средних Валле Пуссена частичных сумм ряда Фурье по полиномам Мейкснера-Соболева
Authors: Gadzhimirzaev Ramis Makhmudovich
Published: September 2024

Исследована задача об отклонении от функции $f\in W^r_{l^2_{\omega}(\Omega_\delta)}$, $\omega(x)=e^{-x}(1-e^{-\delta})$ средних Валле Пуссена частичных сумм ряда Фурье по системе полиномов $\{m_{n,N}^{0,r}(x)\}$, ортонормированной по Соболеву и порожденной системой полиномов Мейкснера.
Библиография: 32 названия.
О критерии Молчанова компактности резольвенты для несамосопряженного оператора Штурма-Лиувилля
Authors: Tumanov Sergey Nickolaevich
Published: September 2024

Рассматривается условие типа Молчанова в применении к обыкновенным дифференциальным операторам произвольного порядка с комплекснозначными коэффициентами. Доказывается, что оно является необходимым условием компактности резольвенты для широкого класса таких операторов. Приводится контрпример, показывающий, что это условие не является достаточным для компактности резольвенты оператора Штурма-Лиувилля с потенциалом, имеющим неотрицательную вещественную часть. Критерий Молчанова обобщается на случай потенциалов, принимающих значения в более узком секторе, чем полуплоскость, отделенном от отрицательной полуоси.
Библиография: 18 названий.
Обобщенная теорема Якоби-Шаля в неевклидовых пространствах
Authors: Belozerov Gleb Vladimirovich , Fomenko Anatoly Timofeevich
Published: September 2024

Классическая теорема Якоби-Шаля утверждает, что касательные линии, проведенные к каждой точке геодезической на $n$-осном эллипсоиде в евклидовом $n$-мерном пространстве, касаются помимо этого эллипсоида еще $n-2$ софокусных с ним квадрик, общих для всех точек этой геодезической. Эта теорема обеспечивает интегрируемость геодезического потока на эллипсоиде. Недавние результаты Г. В. Белозерова и В. А. Кибкало показывают, что аналогичная теорема справедлива для произвольного пересечения софокусных квадрик в евклидовом пространстве. В настоящей работе показано, что геодезический поток на пересечении нескольких софокусных квадрик в псевдоевклидовых пространствах $\mathbb R^{p,q}$, а также в пространствах постоянной кривизны является интегрируемым. В качестве следствия доказан аналогичный результат для софокусных биллиардов на таких пересечениях. При этом показано, что в случае размерности 2 последний результат нельзя распространить на поверхности, локально неизометричные пространствам постоянной кривизны.
Библиография: 15 названий.
Численно-аналитическое построение обобщенного решения уравнения эйконала в плоском случае
Authors: Lebedev Pavel Dmitrievich , Uspenskii Aleksandr Aleksandrovich
Published: September 2024

В 1970-х годах С. Н. Кружков ввел понятие обобщенного решения уравнения эйконала и для среды с постоянным коэффициентом преломления указал класс функций, которому принадлежит обобщенное решение краевой задачи Дирихле. В работе изложены конструктивные методы его построения для плоского случая. Зарождение негладких (сингулярных) особенностей обобщенного решения обусловлено псевдовершинами - особыми точками границы краевого множества, выявление которых связано с проблемой нахождения неподвижных точек отображений, формируемых при ее локальной перепараметризации. Получены необходимые условия существования
псевдовершин при разрыве гладкости кривизны параметрически заданной границы краевого множества. Условия имеют вид уравнения относительно маркера псевдовершины - числовой характеристики локальной невыпуклости краевого множества. Уравнение, обладая характерной структурой, свойственной конструкциям с неподвижной точкой, сводится к алгебраическому уравнению. Решение этого уравнения, маркер, найдено в аналитическом виде для случая, когда в псевдовершине достигается негладкий экстремум кривизны границы краевого множества. Приведен пример численно-аналитического построения обобщенного решения краевой задачи, сингулярного множества и эволюции волновых фронтов.
Библиография: 29 названий.
ANALYSIS OF NORTH MACEDONIAN TURKISH COURSE CURRICULUM OBJECTIVES ACCORDING TO THE REVISED BLOOM TAXONOMY
Authors: KURT Özlem
Published: September 2024

This study aims to examine the achievements of the Turkish Language Curriculum for the second stage of primary education in North Macedonia according to the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy. A qualitative research method was used in the study to determine the taxonomic distribution of the achievements of Turkish students living in North Macedonia in learning Turkish as their mother tongue. Data were collected from the Turkish Language Curricula for 4th, 5th, and 6th grades published by the North Macedonian Bureau for Development of Education. The research revealed that the Turkish Language Curriculum relies on factual and conceptual knowledge. However, it was found that metacognitive knowledge is not sufficiently included. In the cognitive process dimension, remembering and understanding were predominant, while applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating were less represented. The findings indicate that the Turkish Language Curriculum in North Macedonia needs to be updated and enriched. In conclusion, to provide students with a more comprehensive and in-depth learning experience, metacognitive knowledge and higher-level cognitive processes should be integrated into the curriculum. Keywords: North Macedonia, Turkish, Turkish curriculum, Revised Bloom Taxonomy, objectives