bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Początki urzędu woźnego generalnego (ministerialis Regni generalis) w ziemi chełmskiej w ostatniej ćwierci XVI wieku
Authors: Jop Robert
Published: July 2022

Woźni generalni (ministerialis Regni generalis) pojawili się w ziemi chełmskiej w latach 70. XVI w. Pierwszy urzędnik noszący ten tytuł odnotowany jest w księdze grodzkiej chełmskiej, we wpisie pochodzącym z 1570 r. Początki urzędu na omawianym terenie związane są z procesem kształtowania się norm prawnych jego funkcjonowania w całej Polsce, uregulowanych po raz pierwszy w konstytucji sejmowej z 1576 r. Do początku XVII w. woźni generalni pochodzący z ziemi chełmskiej wykonywali swoje obowiązki obok woźnych ziemskich. Stopniowo w latach 80. i 90. XVI w. wyparli swoich poprzedników, przejmując całość czynności sądowych związanych ze sprawami toczącymi się przed sądem ziemskim i grodzkim powiatu chełmskiego i krasnostawskiego. Interesujący nas urzędnicy działali lokalnie, w większości przypadków wykonując powierzone czynności w granicach ziemi chełmskiej, pomimo tego, że zgodnie z dokumentem nominacji mieli prawo robić to na terenie całej Rzeczypospolitej. Wynikało to z faktu, że obsługiwali miejscową szlachtę. Kompetencje woźnych generalnych z ziemi chełmskiej nie różniły się od przypisanych prawem do urzędu i od kompetencji posiadanych przez woźnych ziemskich. Woźni generalni z ziemi chełmskiej to pod względem pochodzenia społecznego chłopi, poddani z dóbr szlacheckich i w nielicznych przypadkach mieszczanie.
A note on indecomposable sets of finite perimeter
Authors: Lahti Panu
Published: July 2022

Bonicatto, Pasqualetto and Rajala (2020) proved that a decomposition theorem for sets of finite perimeter into indecomposable sets, known to hold in Euclidean spaces, holds also in complete metric spaces equipped with a doubling measure, supporting a Poincaré inequality, and satisfying anisotropicitycondition. We show that the last assumption can be removed.
Concavity properties for solutions to p-Laplace equations with concave nonlinearities
Authors: Borrelli William , Mosconi Sunra , Squassina Marco
Published: July 2022

We obtain new concavity results, up to a suitable transformation, for a class of quasi-linear equations
in a convex domain involving the p-Laplace operator and a general nonlinearity satisfying concavity-type assumptions.
This provides an extension of results previously known in the literature only for the torsion and
the first eigenvalue equations. In the semilinear case

p
=
2

{p=2}

the results are already new since they include new admissible
nonlinearities.
Almost *-η-Ricci solitons on Kenmotsu pseudo-Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Rashmi S.V. Divya , Venkatesha V.
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we aim to study a special type of metric called almost

*

{*}

-η-Ricci soliton on the special class of contact pseudo-Riemannian manifold. First, we prove that a Kenmotsu pseudo-Riemannian metric as an

*

{*}

-η-Ricci soliton is Einstein if either it is η-Einstein or the potential vector field V is an infinitesimal contact transformation. Further, we prove that if a Kenmotsu pseudo-Riemannian manifold admits an almost

*

{*}

-η-Ricci soliton with a Reeb vector field leaving the scalar curvature invariant, then it is an Einstein manifold. Finally, we present an example of

*

{*}

-η-Ricci solitons which illustrate our results.
Socrates’ Understanding of ‘Protection’ (Boētheia) in His Other-Oriented Ethics: The Case of the Athenians in Plato’s Apology and Gorgias
Authors: Catana Leo
Published: July 2022

In this article I argue that Socrates appropriated a traditional discourse characteristic of Athenian law courts and politics keyed to the concept of protection (boētheia). More specifically, I argue that Socrates aimed at protecting the Athenians, though not directly, but indirectly, namely via his life-long endeavour to serve (boēthein) Apollo. I thus read Plato’s Apology as a political text, though not “political” in the sense of Socrates being suspect of overthrowing democracy, as sometimes claimed, but “political” in the sense that Plato’s Socrates latched on to this concept of boēthein in the Apology.
What’s new in marine botany of the Eastern Mediterranean?
Authors: Katsaros Christos , Orfanidis Sotiris , Küpper Frithjof C.
Published: July 2022

This article provides a topical review of East Mediterranean phycology and seagrass biology, with a special focus on the outcomes of the multi-year project “Brown algal biodiversity and ecology in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea” supported by the TOTAL Foundation. Following a general overview of East Mediterranean seaweed biogeography and taxonomy, the review covers seagrasses, deep-water (circalittoral) macroalgal diversity, pathogens and algal defence, human impacts and biotic indices, alien species as well as the papers of this special issue.
Simplified Levenberg–Marquardt Method in Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Mahale Pallavi , Shaikh Farheen M.
Published: July 2022

In 2010, Qinian Jin considered a regularized Levenberg–Marquardt
method in Hilbert spaces for getting stable approximate solution for nonlinear ill-posed operator equation

F
⁢

(
x
)

=
y

{F(x)=y}

, where

F
:

D
⁢

(
F
)

⊂
X
→
Y

{F:D(F)\subset X\rightarrow Y}

is a nonlinear operator between Hilbert spaces X and Y and obtained rate of convergence results under an appropriate source condition. In this paper, we propose a simplified Levenberg–Marquardt method in Hilbert spaces for solving nonlinear ill-posed equations in which sequence of iteration

{

x
n
δ

}

{\{x_{n}^{\delta}\}}

is defined as

x

n
+
1

δ

=

x
n
δ

-

(

α
n

⁢
I

+

F
′

⁢

(

x
0

)

*

⁢

F
′

⁢

(

x
0

)

)

-
1

⁢

F
′

⁢

(

x
0

)

*

⁢

(

F
⁢

(

x
n
δ

)

-

y
δ

)

.

x^{\delta}_{n+1}=x^{\delta}_{n}-(\alpha_{n}I+F^{\prime}(x_{0})^{*}F^{\prime}(x%
_{0}))^{-1}F^{\prime}(x_{0})^{*}(F(x^{\delta}_{n})-y^{\delta}).

Here

{

α
n

}

{\{\alpha_{n}\}}

is a decreasing sequence of nonnegative numbers which converges to zero,

F
′

⁢

(

x
0

)

{F^{\prime}(x_{0})}

denotes the Fréchet derivative of F at an initial guess

x
0

∈

D
⁢

(
F
)

{x_{0}\in D(F)}

for the exact solution

x
†

{x^{\dagger}}

and

(

F
′

⁢

(

x
0

)

)

*

{(F^{\prime}(x_{0}))^{*}}

denote the adjoint of

F
′

⁢

(

x
0

)

{F^{\prime}(x_{0})}

. In our proposed method, we need to calculate Fréchet derivative of F only at an initial guess

x
0

{x_{0}}

. Hence, it is more economic to use in numerical computations than the Levenberg–Marquardt method used in the literature. We have proved convergence of the method under Morozov-type stopping rule using a general tangential cone condition. In the last section of the paper, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate advantages of the proposed method.
New regularity results for the heat equation and application to non-homogeneous Burgers equation
Authors: Benia Yassine , Sadallah Boubaker-Khaled
Published: July 2022

This article deals with the regularity of a solution for a non-homogeneous heat equation in Sobolev spaces. The problem is subject to Cauchy–Dirichlet boundary conditions considered in a rectangle or domain that can be transformed into a rectangle.
A parallel type decomposition scheme for quasi-linear abstract hyperbolic equation
Authors: Dikhaminjia Nana , Rogava Jemal , Tsiklauri Mikheil
Published: July 2022

The Cauchy problem for an abstract hyperbolic equation with the Lipschitz continuous operator is considered in the Hilbert space. The operator corresponding to the elliptic part of the equation is the sum of operators

A
1

,

A
2

,
…
,

A
m

{A_{1},A_{2},\ldots,A_{m}}

. Each summand is a self-adjoint and positive definite operator. A parallel type decomposition scheme for an approximate solution of the stated problem is constructed. The main idea of the scheme is that on each local interval the classical difference problems are solved in parallel (independently from each other) with the operators

A
1

,

A
2

,
…
,

A
m

{A_{1},A_{2},\ldots,A_{m}}

. The weighted average of the obtained solutions is announced as an approximate
solution at the right end of the local interval. The convergence of the proposed scheme is proved and the approximate solution error is estimated, as well as the error of the difference analogue for the first-order derivative for the case when the initial problem data satisfy the natural sufficient conditions for solution existence.
Wear behavior and microstructural transformation of single fcc phase AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy at elevated temperatures
Authors: Wang Yidi , Li Xiaoqian , Liang Aimin
Published: July 2022

In this research, the wear behavior and microstructural transformation of approximately single face-centered cubic phase AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy at elevated temperatures (∼25–600 °C) were investigated in detail. The combined action of environmental temperature and friction force can induce significant and regular transformation of the preferred orientation of crystalline grains at the high-entropy alloy friction interface. Generally as the temperature rises its principal wear mechanism varies fairly regularly from abrasive wear to delamination wear, and then to adhesive wear. It is worth noting that at a test temperature of 100 °C the wear debris formed during friction was rolled repeatedly and then separated by delamination, which played a pivotal role in inhibiting wear. Furthermore, five specific wear mechanisms of face-centered cubic phase high-entropy alloy at elevated temperatures have been elucidated through this study.
The Lie algebra structure of the degree one Hochschild cohomology of the blocks of the sporadic Mathieu groups
Authors: Murphy William
Published: July 2022

Let 𝐺 be one of the sporadic simple Mathieu groupsM11M_{11},M12M_{12},M22M_{22},M23M_{23}orM24M_{24}, and suppose 𝑘 is an algebraically closed field of prime characteristic 𝑝, dividing the order of 𝐺. In this paper, we describe some of the Lie algebra structure of the first Hochschild cohomology groups of the 𝑝-blocks ofk⁢GkG. In particular, we calculate the dimension ofHH1⁢(B)\mathrm{HH}^{1}(B)for the 𝑝-blocks 𝐵 ofk⁢GkG, and in almost all cases, we determine whetherHH1⁢(B)\mathrm{HH}^{1}(B)is a solvable Lie algebra.
Simultaneous inversion of a fractional order and a space source term in an anomalous diffusion model
Authors: Sun Liangliang , Yan Xiongbin , Liao Kaifang
Published: July 2022

This paper is devoted to recovering simultaneously the fractional order and the space-dependent source term from partial Cauchy’s boundary data in a multidimensional time-fractional diffusion equation. The uniqueness of the inverse problem is obtained by employing analytic continuation and the Laplace transform. Then a modified non-stationary iterative Tikhonov regularization method with a regularization parameter chosen by a sigmoid-type function is used to find a stable approximate solution for the source term and the fractional order. Numerical examples in one-dimensional and two-dimensional cases are provided to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Recovery of an infinite rough surface by a nonlinear integral equation method from phaseless near-field data
Authors: Li Lili , Li Jianliang
Published: July 2022

This paper is concerned with the two-dimensional inverse acoustic scattering by an unbounded, sound-soft rough surface. We propose a nonlinear integral equation method using multi-frequency phaseless near-field data associated with point sources to reconstruct the shape and location of the rough surface, yielding a fast imaging algorithm. Numerical examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the inverse algorithm.
Extraction from NP, frequency, and minimalist gradient harmonic grammar
Authors: Müller Gereon , Englisch Johannes , Opitz Andreas
Published: July 2022

Extraction of a PP from an NP in German is possible only if the head noun and the governing verb together form a natural predicate. We show that this corresponds to collocational frequency of the verb-noun combinations in corpora, based on the metric of ΔP. From this we conclude that frequency should be conceived of as a language-external grammatical building block that can directly interact with language-internal grammatical building blocks (like triggers for movement and economy constraints blocking movement) in excitatory and inhibitory ways. Integrating frequency directly into the syntax is not an option in most current grammatical theories. However, things are different in Gradient Harmonic Grammar, a version of Optimality Theory where linguistic objects of various kinds can be assigned strength in the form of numerical values (weights). We show that by combining a Minimalist approach to syntactic derivations with a Gradient Harmonic Grammar approach of constraint evaluation, the role of frequency in licensing extraction from PP in German can be integrated straightforwardly, the only additional prerequisite being that (verb-noun) dependencies qualify as linguistic objects that can be assigned strength (based on their frequency).
Emojis and conditionals: exploring the super linguistic interplay of pictorial modifiers and conditional meaning
Authors: Grosz Patrick Georg
Published: July 2022

In recent years, formal linguistic analysis has expanded its scope to include objects of studybeyondnatural language, under the umbrella of Super Linguistics (where the intended meaning ofsuperis its Latinate meaning ‘beyond’); see (Patel-Grosz et al. 2022. Super linguistics: An introduction. Unpublished manuscript, April 2022 version. Available at:https://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/005242). One super linguistic object of study is emojis, which can be analyzed as digital counterparts of gestures and facial expressions, but which also share properties with natural language expressions such asalasandunfortunately(Grosz, Patrick Georg, Gabriel Greenberg, Christian De Leon & Elsi Kaiser. 2021b.A semantics of face emoji in discourse. Manuscript, December 2021 version.https://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/005981(Accepted with minor revisions for publication in Linguistics and Philosophy)). In this paper, I use conditionals as a case study to argue that natural language semantics can benefit from investigating the semantics of emojis. I start by arguing that face emojis (disk-shaped pictographs with stylized facial expressions) operate on contextually salient propositions. I show that they can comment on the presuppositions ofwh-questions and definite descriptions, but not on conversational implicatures. I then show that face emojis can also comment on the counterfactual inferences of subjunctive conditionals (or, more broadly, subjunctiveif-clauses). This suggests that these counterfactual inferences may be presupposition-like and not, as widely assumed, an instance of implicature (see Zakkou, Julia. 2019. Presupposing counterfactuality.Semantics and Pragmatics12(21). 1–20, for recent discussion). The study of emojis, a nonstandard object for linguistic inquiry, can thus directly inform more traditional linguistic exploration.
Toward a universal metasurface for optical imaging, communication, and computation
Authors: Thureja Prachi , Sokhoyan Ruzan , Hail Claudio U. , Sisler Jared , Foley Morgan , Grajower Meir Y. , Atwater Harry A.
Published: July 2022

In recent years, active metasurfaces have emerged as a reconfigurable nanophotonic platform for the manipulation of light. Here, application of an external stimulus to resonant subwavelength scatterers enables dynamic control over the wavefront of reflected or transmitted light. In principle, active metasurfaces are capable of controlling key characteristic properties of an electromagnetic wave, such as its amplitude, phase, polarization, spectrum, and momentum. A ‘universal’ active metasurface should be able to provide independent and continuous control over all characteristic properties of light for deterministic wavefront shaping. In this article, we discuss strategies for the realization of this goal. Specifically, we describe approaches for high performance active metasurfaces, examine pathways for achieving two-dimensional control architectures, and discuss operating configurations for optical imaging, communication, and computation applications based on a universal active metasurface.
Microdisk array based Weyl semimetal nanofilm terahertz detector
Authors: Song Qi , Zhou Zhiwen , Zhu Gangyi , Liang Huawei , Zhang Min , Zhang Bingyuan , Liu Fang , Yan Peiguang
Published: July 2022

High-performance terahertz wave detectors at room temperature are still urgently required for a wide range of applications. The available technologies, however, are plagued by low sensitivity, narrow spectral bandwidth, complicated structure, and high noise equivalent power (NEP). Here, we have demonstrated a Weyl semimetal surface plasmon-enhanced high-performance terahertz wave detectors which are based on microdisk array deposited WTe2 nanofilm epitaxially grown on GaN substrate for room temperature operation. With the microdisk array combined the WTe2 layer, strong terahertz wave surface plasmon polaritons can be generated at the WTe2–air interfaces, which results in significant improvement in detecting performance. For the 40 μm diameter microdisk array, a detectivity (D
*) of 5.52 × 1012 cm Hz1/2 pW−1 at 0.1 THz is achieved at room temperature. In addition, the responsivity (R
A) of 8.78 A W−1 is also obtained. Such high-performance millimeter and terahertz wave photodetectors are useful for wide applications such as high capacity communications, walk-through security, biological diagnosis, spectroscopy, and remote sensing.
The crystal structure of Chrysosplenol D, C18H16O8
Authors: Li Yijv , Zhao Nengwu , Ye Jianghai , Xu Fangfang , Luo Shuntong , Lang Tianqiong
Published: July 2022

C18H16O8, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 14.5762(6) Å, b = 6.6791(3) Å, c = 17.4240(7) Å, β = 103.5820(10)°, V = 1648.89(12) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0436, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1218, T = 293(2) K.
Strategy to improve the sustainability of “porang” (Amorphophallus muelleriBlume) farming in support of the triple export movement policy in Indonesia
Authors: Riptanti Erlyna Wida , Irianto Heru , Mujiyo
Published: July 2022

Porang corms (Amorphophallus muelleriBlume) have many uses, high economic value, and high demand from overseas processing industries, making them an export target. However, there are several problems in porang farming, such as closed markets, which affect exports. Therefore, this study examined the sustainability of porang farming as it plays an essential role in supporting the triple export policy. This study was conducted in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. A purposive sampling method was used to select 180 farmers, and the key informants to provide the data included experts, porang associations, and related agency officials. Multidimensional scale (MDS) and qualitative analysis were used to assess the sustainability status and review improvement strategies. Furthermore, environmental, economic, social, institutional, and technological dimensions were analyzed. Multidimensional analysis showed that porang farming is less sustainable. This implies that the indicators in each dimension have little or no support for the cultivation of this plant. The MDS analysis showed 11 indicators sensitive to increasing the sustainability of porang farming, which is a crucial factor. Therefore, the grade score of this factor is increased to achieve a moderately sustainable progressive strategy. Since the strategy applied between indicators is comprehensive, they do not overlap in their implementation but complement each other in supporting export policies.
Deformation behavior of rubber composite based on FEA and experimental verification
Authors: Shan Yongfeng , Cui Haitao , Zhang Hongjian , Liu Haijian
Published: July 2022

A novel separating device, Inertial particle separator (IPS), has been developed recently to separate solid particles and to protect the turbine engine from particle erosion damage. Herein first, an advanced model based on IPS was proposed to investigate the deformational behavior of deformable particle separator, and to meet the higher requirements of sand discharge and pneumatic demand, which are operated under hostile working conditions or environments and severe climate conditions. We established a three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) model of bump consequently, which was the core of centerbody. The essential material parameters of the FEA model were obtained via experimental data (tensile testing). By comparing the influence of these factors (pressure and laying angle), the deformational behavior of the centerbody was discussed. Finally, based on the simulation results with the experimental data (Schlieren testing), the model was found to perform with high reliability and accuracy, demonstrating the great capability in precisely predicting the deformational characteristics of the bump under practical working environments.
Score-driven multi-regime Markov-switching EGARCH: empirical evidence using the Meixner distribution
Authors: Blazsek Szabolcs , Haddad Michel Ferreira Cardia
Published: July 2022

In this paper, statistical and volatility forecasting performances of the non-path-dependent score-driven multi-regime Markov-switching (MS) exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (EGARCH) models are explored. Three contributions to the existing literature are provided. First, we use all relevant score-driven distributions from the literature - namely, the Student’st-distribution, general error distribution (GED), skewed generalizedt-distribution (Skew-Gen-t), exponential generalized beta distribution of the second kind (EGB2), and normal-inverse Gaussian (NIG) distribution. We then introduce the score-driven Meixner (MXN) distribution-based EGARCH model to the literature on score-driven models. Second, proving the sufficient conditions of the asymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator for non-path-dependent score-driven MS-EGARCH models is an unsolved problem. We provide a partial solution to that problem by proving necessary conditions for the asymptotic theory of the ML estimator. Third, to the best of our knowledge, this work includes the largest number of international stock indices from the G20 countries in the literature, covering the period of 2000–2022. We provide a discussion on the major events which caused common or non-common switching to the high-volatility regime for the G20 countries. The statistical performance and volatility forecasting results support the adoption of score-driven MS-EGARCH for the G20 countries.
Divergence in uncertainty: the Korean non-committal suffix -(u)lkel
Authors: Lee Don
Published: July 2022

This study explores the Korean final suffix -(u)lkelin the context of stance-taking within the framework of stance triangle and the notion of emergent stance. Using data from one hundred 30-minute telephone calls and 15 video recorded conversations totaling 270 min, this study examines thenon-committalepistemic function of -(u)lkelfrom a conversation analytic approach and demonstrates how speakers mobilize this suffix as adivergent alignmentstance marker when confronted with a conflicting, yet unclear understanding of information associated with a stance object. Moreover, the high intonational boundary tone associated with-(u)lkelcedes the floor to the recipient where a negotiation of the conflicting information offers an opportunity for a readjustment of positions towards either a converging-diverging alignment ordisalignment(i.e., speakers’ abandonment of a shared stance object). As such, this study shows that a grammatical suffix such as -(u)lkelis not simply deployed to mark propositional information but is also utilized as an interactional resource that enables dialogic speech activities such as co-construction of stance.
A novel stem cell type at the basal side of the subventricular zone maintains adult neurogenesis
Authors: Baur Katja , Abdullah Yomn , Mandl Claudia , Hölzl‐Wenig Gabriele , Shi Yan , Edelkraut Udo , Khatri Priti , Hagenston Anna M , Irmler Martin , Beckers Johannes , Ciccolini Francesca
Published: July 2022

According to the current consensus, murine neural stem cells (NSCs) apically contacting the lateral ventricle generate differentiated progenitors by rare asymmetric divisions or by relocating to the basal side of the ventricular–subventricular zone (V‐SVZ). Both processes will ultimately lead to the generation of adult‐born olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons. In contrast to this view, we here find that adult‐born OB interneurons largely derive from an additional NSC‐type resident in the basal V‐SVZ. Despite being both capable of self‐renewal and long‐term quiescence, apical and basal NSCs differ in Nestin expression, primary cilia extension and frequency of cell division. The expression of Notch‐related genes also differs between the two NSC groups, and Notch activation is greatest in apical NSCs. Apical downregulation of Notch‐effector Hes1 decreases Notch activation while increasing proliferation across the niche and neurogenesis from apical NSCs. Underscoring their different roles in neurogenesis, lactation‐dependent increase in neurogenesis is paralleled by extra activation of basal but not apical NSCs. Thus, basal NSCs support OB neurogenesis, whereas apical NSCs impart Notch‐mediated lateral inhibition across the V‐SVZ.
Publishing unpredictable research outcomes
Authors: Schnapp Esther , Pulverer Bernd
Published: July 2022

EMBO Reports welcomes ‘Independent First Confirmation’ studies for important findings. The editors will also consider well‐developed null data on pivotal open questions in the biosciences, and studies that refute prominent published claims.
Learning Methods Of Keroncong Music Extracurricular On Junior High School (SMP) In Purbalingga
Authors: Septianayawanto Tegar , Haryono Slamet
Published: July 2022

SMP Negeri 1 Karangmoncol in Purbalingga Regency is the only junior high school in Purbalingga that implements keroncong extracurricular activities. The purpose of implementing the keroncong extracurricular is introduce keroncong music to students. The problem in this research is how the keroncong music extracurricular learning method in SMP Negeri 1 Karangmoncol. The research method used is descriptive qualitative.

Data were obtained through interviews, qualitative observation, and documentation. The results show that (1) there are five methods used by the keroncong extracurricular teacher in the keroncong extracurricular learning process, five of which were the lecture method, the discussion method, the question and answer method, the peer tutoring method, and the drill method; (2) From the five methods, it is found that the drill method is the most frequently used in the learning process. It is because the keroncong extracurricular requires more psychomotor skills from students to be more skilled and fluent in playing keroncong musical instruments.
The Role Of Music In The Life Of Teenagers
Authors: Husna Nadiya Nurul , Rinjani Dian
Published: July 2022

Music is the expression of ideas, thoughts and feelings of the creator through the arrangement of tones or sounds to produce sound compositions in the form of songs. The purpose of this study was to determine the perception of adolescents on the role of music. The method/approach used in this study is a survey method using a questionnaire to 63 Indonesian teenagers with an age range of 10-24 years. The results showed that 45.3% of teenagers chose the pop genre as their favorite music genre to listen to and the majority of teenagers thought that pop genre music had a role as friends with activities with a percentage of 26.9%. Then 50% of teenagers' moods can be influenced by music. In conclusion, music has a very broad role in the lives of teenagers.
Constitutional Debate on European Union’s Shifting Pathway towards Supranationalism
Authors: Ulum Muhammad Bahrul , Dwarakanath Sripathi , Arundhati Gautama Budi
Published: July 2022

The rapid evolution of the European Union (EU) has suggested a new debate on regionalism due to the institutional transformation from intergovernmentalism to supranationalism. Hitherto, the EU has undergone a shifting pathway as a supranational institution that raises a further debate on supranational constitutionalism. This paper aimed to critically examine the EU's legal capacity for external relations at the World Trade Organization (WTO) following in identifying the impact of the EU member states to become members of this world institution as well. However, new approaches were considered within the shifting paradigm, which includes supranational union as an emerging pivotal global actor in international relations. This paper showed that the emergence of EU supranationalism has challenged the traditional debate on state sovereignty rooted in the Westphalian concept, particularly against the state primacy in international law. While the EU regionalism contributed to legal conversation both in the regional and international arena, the juxtaposition of the state and the supranational 'state' has increasingly blurred their limits, becoming sui generis in regionalism and state discourses among the areas of international law and constitutional law.
Intelligence Education for National Security and Public Safety Policy: A Comparative Analysis of Nigeria, South Africa, and Indonesia
Authors: Nte Ngboawaji Daniel , Teru Vigo Augustine , Putri Nadiyah Meyliana
Published: July 2022

National security and public safet policy have become one of the important issues around the world. In some cases, the national security very close to how the State provides various instruments in maintaining national stability, including policies and laws. Nigeria, South Africa, and Indonesia are facing various challenges of national stability including various national security threats. For Nigeria, post-colonial hangs over and extended militarism created huge challenges for the democratisation of intelligence education and training, while in South Africa, centuries of repressive apartheid regime created institutional obstacles for a virile democratic intelligence education and training. This work therefore is a comparative analysis of intelligence education and training in Africa-Nigeria, South Africa, and Indonesia. Using a historiographic and content evaluative methods, the study was able to establish similar developmental trajectory of intelligence education and training in Nigeria, South Africa, and Indonesia and recommended the urgent need for extensive collaboration between the countries to develop a model of intelligence education and training to attenuate the pervasive national security and public safety threats challenges in the countries.
Digital Globalization and Law
Authors: Koos Stefan
Published: July 2022

The regulation of social processes is part of a state’s sovereignty. States apply their law to shape and control social and economic conditions within their territory. Law as an instrument for coordinating human behaviour and for balancing colliding interests within the society is linked to human behaviour, either individually or within human organisations. The basic prerequisite for the existence of law is human interaction based on emotions, desires, and the pursuit of interests. Law and trust (interpersonal trust or system trust) are connected to each other. This leads to the assumption that law loses its relevance with a decrease of the relevance of trust. This article explores the question of which factors of current and future digitalisation could lead to a loss of the relevance of trust and of the relevance of the aspect of human behaviour as a connecting factor for legal norms. The article concludes that technological globalisation and ubiquity of the internet have already led to a loss of state territorial sovereignty. This has resulted in the diminution of system trust in law. The article further shows how digitalisation is pushing back the relevance of human behaviour and emotionality and, therefore, technicity is increasingly displacing law. The article describes the connection between deterritorialization and the development of new disruptive digital technologies and asks about the future role of ethics in the legal system of an advanced digitalised society. The development of concrete solutions and legislative proposals is subject to further studies.
Kebutuhan Lembar Kerja Siswa Materi Serat Wedhatama Pupuh Gambuh Dengan Metode Integratif Untuk Kelas XI SMK Negeri 1 Pemalang
Authors: Winarsih Siti , Nugroho Yusro Edy
Published: July 2022

This research aims to analyze the needs of teachers and students against the students’ worksheet the Serat Wedhatama Pupuh Gambuh  material collapsed by the integrative method for the student’s eleventh grade 1 Pemalang vocational high school. This research used Research and Development (R&D). Data on the development of the student materials sheet Serat Wedhatama Pupuh Gambuh  material with this integrative method include three data, which are 1) observations about the teaching materials Serat Wedhatama Pupuh Gambuh  material at 1 Pemalang vocational high school, 2) the result of interviews with Javanese language teacher at 1 Pemalang vocational high school, 3) scores of student needs against student worksheet. The data source from this research is from observing the teaching materials used in the process of learning Serat Wedhatama Pupuh Gambuh  in collapsing, teachers, and students. The data collection was conducted by tracking observatories against schools related to the tembang study. The results of this study are in the form of data analysis of the needs of teachers and students to develop a quality and targeted Student Worksheet for the Serat Wedhatama Pupuh Gambuh.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Kompetensi Menulis Sandhangan Mandaswara Bagi Kelas X SMK N 6 Semarang
Authors: Burhani Dewi Amalia , Mujimin Mujimin
Published: July 2022

Javanese script learning often has gaps between targets and outcomes, especially in the writing competence of Sandhangan mandaswara. The mistakes lies in writing words, sentences, and paragraphs. The purpose of this study is to describe the needs of materials, arrange the design of teaching materials, and describe the results of expert tests. The data sources are students grade X of SMK N 6 Semarang, teachers, and lecturers. Data collection techniques were carried out using observation, interviews, questionnaires, and expert test assessment sheets. The results was the needed of additional books which are interesting and contains complete material to guide students in learning sandhangan mandaswara. Prototype design of instructional materials was developed using the structure of instructional materials that have been restructured into a structure of teaching materials. The structure of these basic teaching materials includes; 1) learning objectives; 2) subject matter; 3) assessment. The results of the validation assessment of the material experts and users are divided into 3 aspects of the assessment. The relevance aspect gained an average value of 91.67% (very feasible), the consistency aspect gained an average of 86.11% (very feasible), the adequacy aspect gained an average value of 85.83% (very feasible). Conclusions from these aspects of the assessment obtained an average value of 87.25% with a very decent category. Then according to the 3 validators, the developed teaching material is very suitable for use in learning although it still needs revision to improve the quality of the teaching material.
Filosofi Karakter Tokoh Kesatria dalam Lakon Wayang Purwa Mahabarata
Authors: Sari Afrilia Puspita
Published: July 2022

This article describes the analysis of the "true knight" character. A true knight is a perspective symbol of glory or victory in the event of a war. This study shows that the strength of a true knight greatly determines the recognition of the power of a particular region. True knights have inherent character and become symbols of wisdom, strength, glory, responsibility, and sacrifice. The hero character appears at the climax point which plays an important role in the effort to solve a problem in the storyline. The purpose of the emergence of a true knight figure has great strength and responsibility and to get support from the people, to fight for victory and gain glory.

 

Keywords: true knight figures, heroic characters
Efektivitas Pembelajaran Daring Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Mata Kuliah Evaluasi Pembelajaran Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Jawa FBS UNNES
Authors: Zustiyantoro Dhoni
Published: July 2022

Education is one of the aspects affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. The online learning that has been taken since the outbreak began in March 2020 has an impact on the effectiveness of the learning outcomes themselves. This research is a qualitative research that aims to obtain a description of online learning for the Learning Evaluation course at the Javanese Language and Literature Education Study Program, Faculty of Language and Arts, Universitas Negeri Semarang, even semester 2020/2021. Online learning at Unnes uses the Elena system to support optimizing lecture outcomes. The technique of collecting data in this study used a questionnaire technique with 92 respondents in the sixth semester of the Java Language and Literature Education Study Program who took the Learning Evaluation course. The data analysis technique uses the Miles & Huberman (1994) technique which consists of three stages, namely data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions and reflections. The results of this study indicate that online learning has been effective in achieving the learning objectives of the course, but it needs to be improved so that it is more structured in providing online material. The results of this study are used as guidelines for improving online learning, especially in the Learning Evaluation course in the coming semester and online learning in all courses in general.
Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Powtoon Pada Materi Dialog Berbahasa Jawa
Authors: Maesyaroh Wulan , Insani Nur Hanifah
Published: July 2022

This study aims to develop a powtoon-based Javanese language learning media and to find out the result of the validation of the powtoon-based javanese language learning media products. This type of research is research (R&D) which adapts from Sugiyono’s theory. Product validation was carried out by the media expert, material expert, Javanese language teachers, and the students. The data collection technique used a questionnaire and the analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The result showed that the interactive multimedia product powtoon was included in the very appropriate category. Likewise, media expert, material expert as well as Javanese language teachers assessed that the quality of interactive multimedia learning powtoon was very appropriate. The students strongly agree with the development of interactive multimedia powtoon. The results after a limited trial on students showed that interactive multimedia powtoon was very effective. Based on these results, the interactive multimedia product powtoon is effective very suitable and used in learning Javanese dialogue.
Characterization of a Commercial PIN Diode for Stereotactic Radiosurgery Dosimetry
Authors: Dos santos Matheus Fernando , Oliveira Charles Nilton do Prado , Bueno Karen Pieri , Albino Lucas Delbem , Fontana Thiago Schmeling , Filho Wlademir Carvalho Vasconcelos , Calado Jose Geneci da Costa , Roesler Ernesto Henrique , Barros Vinicius Saito Monteiro de , Khoury Helen Jamil
Published: July 2022

The stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a technique that uses multiple beams extremely collimated of ionizingradiation to treat intracranial lesions and functional abnormalities, with high geometric precision and dosimetricaccuracy. The use of small fields is already a reality in modern radiotherapy techniques. However, the accuracyin small-field dosimetry is challenging because of several process physics and aspects related to the detector. Theaim of this paper is to evaluate the response of a dosimetric system developed by Nuclear Energy Department ofFederal University of Pernambuco (DEN/UFPE) for small field dosimetry. Measurements of, output factor (OF),off-axis ratio (OAR) and percentage depth dose (PDP) were performed with this dosimetric system andcompared with the results obtained with a commercial diode and treatment planning system data. The resultsshowed that the Diode-DEN presents a reliable and economical alternative for small fields dosimetry used intreatments of SRS. This detector can be used for validation of dates obtained in commissioning of linearaccelerator and inserted in Treatment Planning Systems (TPS).
Challenges in personal and clinical dosimetry using Li2B4O7 and MgB4O7 as TLD and OSLD
Authors: Sousa Santiago de Oliveira Leo , Freire de Souza Luiza , Guimarães Donald Gabriela , Fernandes Serra D’Emidio Malu , De Lima Ferreira Novais Andréa , Souza Divanízia
Published: July 2022

Thermoluminescent (TLD) and optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLD) are essential in radiation dosimetry. Such dosimeters can be easily transported due to their small size and can be used in in vivo dosimetry and anthropomorphic simulations. In this work, the dosimetric properties of Li2B4O7 and MgB4O7 compounds were evaluated based on their response to the applied stimulus, whether thermal or optical. The linear dose response range of the luminescent signal, its fading, the lowest detectable dose, and reproducibility are important parameters in determining a good dosimeter for clinical and personal dosimetry. Therefore, the objective of this work was, based on studies performed by other authors on dosimetric characterizations of doped a codoped Li2B4O7 and MgB4O7, to point out those compounds with the greatest potential for applications in personal and clinical dosimetry using TL and OSL techniques. Considering the results described in other works, the materials that stood out for use in personal and clinical dosimetry were Li2B4O7:Cu and MgB4O7:Dy,Na. In several of the reported studies, no data related to LDD, fading and reproducibility of the luminescent signal of the investigated compounds were found. Therefore, there are many possibilities for investigations into these two types of compounds for the purpose of their use in personal and clinical dosimetry. Further studies will provide a broader scientific basis for choosing appropriate dosimetric materials for these applications.
The Language of Mass Architectural Postmodernity
Authors: Zadorin Dimitrij
Published: July 2022

Setting itself off against the architecture of the capitalist West, allegedly tangled in styles, Soviet architecture claimed its origins in the social realm. If one is to trace the intrinsic nature of changes in the architecture of the 1980s in the USSR, it is to be done not through the borrowed concept of postmodernism, but through the analysis of the developments in the design of its most social manifestation—mass housing. So far, Soviet architecture has primarily been whittled down to the evolution of styles. A more advanced reading focuses on the shift from Socialist Realism to the complex design of the human habitat following Khrushchev’s reforms in construction. However, even this transformation took place within the framework of building systematization, represented by the all-Union system of naming for standard architecture, or the Nomenclature. The system, implemented since 1947, assigned indexes to type designs of all building types; within it, every type design was allocated its specific position. The Nomenclature could thus describe the whole human habitat. In the mid-1980s, the naming system made further steps to meet the growing diversification of type designs by assigning new indexes which were longer and codified more parameters, undermining vested geographical and temporal hierarchies. The diversity was treated as a quantitative problem, which the Nomenclature successfully solved. It proved flexible enough to consistently ascribe an index to any—not necessarily type—design. Although mass housing disappeared from the architectural discourse during perestroika, standardized architecture enjoyed the most fruitful and systematic time in its history. So all-encompassing and everlasting, the Nomenclature nevertheless collapsed with the fall of the Soviet Union. The centralization of design proved its most fundamental precondition, which in the post-Soviet world was impossible to retain.
Long-Term Adaptation Among Adolescent and Young Adult Children to Familial Cancer Risk
Authors: McDonnell Glynnis A. , Peshkin Beth N. , DeMarco Tiffani A. , Peterson Susan K. , Arun Banu K. , Miesfeldt Susan , O’Neill Suzanne C. , Schneider Katherine , Garber Judy , Isaacs Claudine , Luta George , Tercyak Kenneth P.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

It is important to examine adolescent and young adult (AYA) children’s long-term psychosocial and behavioral adaptation to disclosure of maternal BRCA-positive carrier status (BRCA+) to inform approaches for familial cancer risk communication, education, and counseling.

METHODS

Mothers underwent BRCA genetic testing 1 to 5 years earlier. Group differences in AYAs' self-reported outcomes were analyzed by maternal health and carrier status, and child age and sex.

RESULTS

A total of N = 272 AYAs were enrolled: 76.1% of their mothers were breast or ovarian cancer survivors and 17.3% were BRCA+. AYAs’ cancer risk behavior (tobacco and alcohol use, physical activity) and psychologic distress levels did not vary by maternal status. In bivariate analyses, AYAs of cancer-surviving mothers believed themselves to be at greater risk for, and were more knowledgeable about, cancer than AYAs of mothers without cancer. AYAs of BRCA+ mothers were more concerned about cancer, held stronger beliefs about genetic risk, and placed a higher value on learning about genetics. In adjusted models, maternal cancer history (not BRCA+) remained associated with AYAs’ greater perceptions of cancer risk (P = .002), and knowledge about cancer (P = .03) and its causes (P = .002).

CONCLUSIONS

Disclosing maternal BRCA+ status did not influence children’s lifestyle behavior or adversely affect quality of life long term. AYAs of BRCA+ mothers were more aware of and interested in genetic risk information. Such families may benefit from support to promote open communication about genetic testing choices.
Innovative Experience of the NEP: lessons for the present
Authors: Nikitenko Kostiantyn , But Oleksandr
Published: July 2022

The aim of the article: to draw attention to the lessons of the New Economic Policy, as insufficiently studied and generalized in the context of the development of the economy of Soviet Ukraine. This will allow, on the basis of deeper knowledge of history of the controversial interwar period, to understand the essence of strategic transformations at the present stage better, to avoid difficulties and miscalculations in their implementation. Research methods: historical-typological, historical-genetic, historical-comparative. Main results. The research proves that all instruments of market economy in a totalitarian society could exist only nominally. Non-acceptance of Lenin’s ideas set forth in the article “On Cooperation”, fixation only on his views regarding the early NEP, focus on administrative, repressive measures led to the fact that all the declared calls to support cooperative economy had an extremely low level of transformation into real supportive actions. The examples of successful initiatives of hard-working entrepreneurs, representatives of small and medium-sized businesses to find ways of socio-economic survival in the extreme conditions of the fight against COVID-19 are given. Concise conclusions. Government agencies administering economy took on the functions of chief executives, coordinating all economic activities, at the same time, putting it in a narrow framework of dependence on the Soviet state’s ideological and political decisions. The totalitarian system and any manifestations of private initiative were incompatible. The lessons of the NEP convincingly prove that free farming, small and medium business – the foundation of any developed society,  – are underestimated today (as they were a hundred years ago) and require systematic state support. Practical meaning: the importance of the chosen topic is predetermined by the possibility of using the past economic experience in carrying out modern socio-economic transformations of society. Type of article: research.