bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Usefulness and fields of the application of the Earned Value Management in the implementation of construction projects
Authors: Dziadosz Agnieszka , Kapliński Oleg , Rejment Mariusz
Published: June 2020

The Earned Value Method allows the prediction of future values of the total cost and duration of the construction project realization, and also it allows the early detection of the collisions between the schedule and the construction project budget. It is more often indicated its usefulness for monitoring and controlling the construction work progress in the time and cost formulation. It is used, in the indirect way, to control the risk in terms of the cost overruns of the construction project realization and in case of the failure to meet the deadline for completion of the construction project. The authors’ goal was not only to indicate the advantages of the method (widely discussed in the literature) but also to indicate some inaccuracies in the application of the Earned Value Method, which may affect the costs forecasting and the date of completion of the construction project. The conclusions are based on the analysis of several construction project realizations.
A comparative study between two doses of magnesium sulphate as sedative during awake fiberoptic intubation for patients undergoing maxillofacial surgery: A prospective RCT
Authors: Meena Kavita , Singh Armaanjeet , Meena Rajesh Kumar , Singh Dinesh Kumar
Published: June 2020

Background and objectives: Awake fiberoptic intubation (AFI) is the technique of choice for anticipated difficult intubation via nasal/oral route depending on the type of surgery. Various anesthetic techniques have been used to facilitate AFI, including regional anesthesia, topical anesthesia and sedation. There are few studies regarding the use of magnesium sulphate for this purpose. The aim of our study was to find the efficacy of magnesium sulphate as sedative in patients with maxillofacial trauma undergoing AFI and to establish the dose that provides better sedation.
EFFECT OF REGULATION OF SOURCE-SINK RELATIONSHIP ON GRAIN YIELD AND ITS COMPONENT OF DIFFERENT BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS
Authors: & Kadom Jaddoa
Published: June 2020

A field trial was conducted at Abu-Ghraib Research Station-Agricultural Research Directorate-Ministry of Agriculture during the growing seasons of 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. The objective was to investigate the effect of source-sink Regulation on grain yield  and its companents of five bread wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). Randomized complete block design with the arrangement of split-plots with three replicates was used. Bread wheat cultivars (Bohooth-22, IPA 99, Abu-Ghraib-3,Al-Fath and Al-Rasheed) occupied the main plots while treatments of source-sink relationship regulation occupied the sub-plots. They included eight treatments: Con. control (Con.), S1 (removal of lamina of the flag leaf of main stem), S2 (removal of laminas of the leaf  beneath the flag leaf), S3 (removal of both lamina of the leaf  and the leaf under flag leaf), S4 (removal of upper third spikelets),S5 (removal of median third spikelets), S6 (removal of lower third spikelets) and S7 (removal all spikelets from one side of spike) . Characteristics of plant height, flag leaf area, spike length, no of spikelet per spike, spike weight, and grain yield and its components were measured and estimated. Results of the present study indicated the followings:  Cultivar (Bohooth-22) gave the highest 1000 grain weight (35.70 and 35.31 g) the highest grain yield (5.467 and 5.148 t.ha-1) in both seasons, respectively compared with Abu-Ghraib3 and Al-Rasheed cultivars which gave lowest grain yield (4.918,4.364, 4.239 and 4.352 t.ha-1) in both seasons, respectively and then less 1000 grain weight (30.15, 32.66, 32.61 and 32.77 g), in both seasons, respectively. Treatment (Con.) i.e no modification of source-sink relationship gave the highest grain yield (5.93 and 5.66 t.ha-1) in both seasons, respectively. Treatments of regulation source (S1 and S3)gave grain yield (4.909, 4.698, 4.621and 4.356 t.ha-1), respectively while (S5) treatment gave the lowest grain yield (4.203 t.ha-1) in the first season and (4.061 t.ha-1) in the second season. This indicates that sink regulation treatment was the most influencial in reducing grain yield than the source regulation treatment, especially, treatment (S5) in both seasons where the  median third of spikelets had been removed due to the reduction of spike growth rate (3.18 and 2.49 g.day-1) in both seasons compared with the (Con) treatment which gave the highest values of spike growth rate (3.91 and 3.12 g.day-1) in both seasons, respectively which resulted in the reduction of dry matter translocation in the (S5) treatment (1.87 and 1.74 g.day -1) and consequently in the reduction of 1000 grain weight (30.09 and 31.199) compared with (34.99 and 37.12 g) in the (Con.) treatment in both seasons, respectively.
EFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF SOME PLANT SOURCES IN QUALITY AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF PROCESSED OF GOOSE MEAT BURGER
Authors: & Al-Shamery Zangana
Published: June 2020

The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of replacing of some plant sources oat , wheat germ, rice and mushroom  with percent 10% for each instead of goose meat on chemical composition , physical , microbial and sensory characteristics of process burger . The results showed significant increase (p<0.01)in moisture percent for replacing treatments and significant(P<0.05)in percent protein for replacing with wheat germ (T3) ,  while there was decreased in percent of  fat and ash for replacing with mushroom(T5) compared with control(T1)  in process burger . Significant increase (p<0.05) in value of pH and water holding capacity  for T5 with significant decrease (p<0.05) in cooking loss percent , drip loss and  shrinkage percentage for T4 , T5 compared with control (T1) . The  result of microbial tests showed significant reduced (p<0.01)in arobic  total bacterial count and   coliform bacteria for T5 compared with other treatments . The  Sensory evaluation data of flavour , juiciness , tenderness and overall were significant increase (P<0.05) when replacing some plant sources in this product. In conclusion the results revealed the  possibility of replacing 10%  of  oat , germ wheat , rice and mushroom   to goose meat burger which improved some chemical composition , physical , sensory evaluation of processed product  without showing undesirable changes in quality of processed product                                   .
KNOWLEDGE OF THE EXTENSION AGENTS IN THE SOUTH GREEN BELT IN KARBALA GOVERNORATE WITH RECOMMENDATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO CONNECT TO SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Authors: AL-Bahar A.H.M.
Published: June 2020

The research aims to determine the level of knowledge of agricultural extension workers in the southern green belt project in the holy city of kerbala in terms of scientific recommendations and its relationship with information resources and to determine the level of their knowledge of the following fields: The basic concepts of project objective trees varieties and their economic viability, the stage of cultivation and services provided which includes plantation irrigation and pests control etc., the technical aspects of their project beside the identification of agricultural knowledge of the workers with the relearnt sources of information red event. To achieve the objective of this research based on the scientific research and the produced extension leaflet in regard to soil and desertification in general and green belt in particular. A knowledge scale was adopted which includes 46 paragraphs distributed on five areas two degrees for each paragraphs were determined so that the scale degree ranged between 0-92 degree. The research included 45 agricultural extension members working in this project which represent 100% from the research community. The data collected through a questionnaire forms distributed through October 2014 results showed that 62.22% of the respondents fall within the category of concentric medium as the result showed 0 positive correlation between the level of knowledge of agricultural extension  workers and communication sources of informations  which were worth 0.28% the researcher recommits the need to arise the efficiency of agricultural extension workers through intensive training by the ministry of agriculture and its institutes in all Iraqi Provinces in general and the governorate of kerbala in particular with the need to develop the department of desertification in the colleges of Agriculture similar to that of Baghdad university to provide specialist in desertification and green belts projects as well as the importance of such projects in solving serious problems of desertification on the environment society and national economy .
EXTRACTION AND LYOPHILIZATION LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS AND USED IT INSTEAD OF EGG YOLK IN SEMEN EXTENDER OF AWASSI RAMS AND THEIR INFLUENCE IN SPERM ABNORMALITIES STORE AT 5 ° C
Authors: & et al. Al-Subaihawi
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted  to explain the possibility of lyophilization of low – density lipoprotein (LDL)  that is extracted from the egg yolk to be used instead of the egg yolk in  a dilute  semen of Awassi sheep and its  impact on  the rate of deformities of sperm  after stored at 5 ° C for five days. The study  was conducted from September 2015 to February  2016 and in three stages. The first stage started from July until August 2015 in the laboratory of viruses, that is a related Department to the plant protection office. During this stag the (LDL) was extracted  through several sequential steps from fresh egg yolk, and purified and stored in Fastened and steriled vials which are refrigerated until the time of lyophilization. The second stage was conducted  in August  2015 in Al-Kindy company. During  this study the liquid (LDL) was  lyophilized  and kept in steriled and tightly- fostened viols and then was stored in under the  0°C . The  third stage was conducted in the college of Agriculture/ University of Baghdad. In this stage the semen was collected from four of the Awassi rams of the age (2 – 4) years .The semen samples were collected using artificial vagina and the pooled, to remove  the individual differences between the rams. Later on the sample was divided on the experimental treatments evenly 1 ml/ transaction using a dilute Tris with 1:10 dilution ratio. The different concentrations of LDL on the characteristics of semen have also been studied. However; the experiment was conducted from January to February 2016 and during which three concentrations of LDL have been used (3.2 , 4.8 and 6.2%) the transactions T1, T2 , and respectively and the control treatment (20% EY). The improve of the lyophilized LDL has been studied on the different kinds of distortions that effect the sperm at  preservation temperature 5°C, for five consecutive days. Results of the experiment to outweigh LDL transactions in the low proportion of the various distortions that happens to sperm in distortions head swollen to the control group in two days, third, fourth and zero, distortions on other days as well as these transactions excelled in deformation of the tail broken on the fourth day, and in other types of malformations observed failure the presence of significant difference between the control group as in the distortions severed head and tail severed tail twisted as well as the lack of distortions in other types as in distortions tail double moderation bulging and widget, we conclude from the foregoing the possibility of using LDL lyophilized in thinners semen because of its ability in maintaining semen and reduce some types of malformations as well as he did not adversely affect the sperm as it was similar to egg yolk in maintaining sperm if not better.
EXTRACTIUON AND LYOPHILIZATION OF THE LOW DENSITY OF LIPOPROTEIN INSTEAD OF EGG YOLK ON SOME SEMEN PARAMETERS OF AWASSI RAMS
Authors: &  Al-Saab Al-Subaihawi
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted  to explain the possibility of lyophilization of low– density lipoprotein (LDL)  that is extracted from the egg yolk to be used instead of the egg yolk in  an  extender semen that belong to the Awassi sheep and their effect on the characteristics of the semen after five days of cryopreservation, as well as to get low-density Lipoprotein, steriled and lyophilized (powder) lipoprotein that can be stored for a long time to used when needed. The study  was conducted in the from July 2015 to February  2016. The first stage started from July until  August 2015  the (LDL) was extracted from fresh egg. The second stage in August 2015. the liquid (LDL) has been lyophilized  and turn into powder that is packed in vials, steriled  vials  and then was stored in 0°C. The third stage was conducted from January to February 2016 in the college of Agriculture/ University of Baghdad. the semen was collected from four of the Awassi rams of the age (2– 4) years and the samples was collected by using  artificial vagina. After that the sample was divided on the experimental treatments evenly 1ml/ transaction by using extender Tris. The dilution ratio was 1: 10. The effect of the different concentrations had been studied of the LDL on the  characteristic of semen and three concentration of the LDL were used (3.2, 4.8 and 6.2%) for the transactions T1, T2,T3 respectively and the control treatment (20% EY).The effect of the lyophilized LDL was studied on some characteristic of sperm when cryopreserved under the temperature 5°c for five days. The Results of the experiment to varying differences between transactions in sperm characteristics as treatment outperformed T3 (P <0.05) in the individual movement in the 2nd and 3rd days and did not notice a significant difference on the other days, while a significant difference in the percentage of live sperm among the treatments and control were observed viability of keeping LDL of sperm higher was than it is in the control treatment of the plasma membrane as treatment outperformed T2 and T3 (P <0.05) on the treatment of control on the 3rd, 4th and 5th of conservation was also excel themselves transactions in susceptibility saved for acrosome on different days of conservation compared with the control treatment as it overtook treatment T2 in the first two days and did not notice a significant difference on the 3rd and 4th among the treatments and control excelled treatments T2 and T3 (P <0.05) in 5th day of conservation to the control, we conclude from the foregoing that it is possible freeze-drying LDL and save the freeze and use it in time of need can also be used in lyophilized LDL thinners semen because of its positive impact in keeping sperm has been observed that the best concentration of sperm in maintaining the properties is 6.4% LDL compared with egg yolk and other transactions.
INDUCTION OF SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE AGAINST BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS USING PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS & AZOTOBACTER CHROOCOCCUM
Authors: & Jarjees Abbas
Published: June 2020

Pseudomonas fluorescens and Azotobacter chroococcum and mixture of bacteria are used to induce systemic resistance in barley variety (AL-Bowraq) against barley yellow dwarf virus. The result showed all treatments are effective to reduce the concentration of the virus compared with the control treatment (infested plant only). The most effective treatment was bacteria mixture as it was the highest reading for the value of the absorption at wavelength 405 nm 1.8 Compared with the control treatment, which is the highest reading for the value of the absorption 2.55 nm. This results come matching with the results of field experience as the treatment of bacteria mixture lead significantly to the rest of the treatments in all studies traits (number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, 1000 - grain weight and spike length). The highest rate of accumulation of phenols was when the seed treated with a mixture of bacteria compared with the other treatment and reached the highest rate of accumulation of phenols in the fourth day in the treatment of bacteria mixture compared with the control treatment which is reached the highest rate of accumulation of phenols in the tenth day. When measuring the effectiveness of the peroxidase enzyme the treatment of bacteria mixture recorded the highest rate of change in the absorption value compared with the control treatment, and the highest rate of change in the absorption value in the treatment of bacteria mixture was on the fourth day compared with the control treatment which gave the highest rate of change in the absorption value on the eighth day.
RESPONSE OF GREEN BEAN TO NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIAL INOCULATION AND MOLYBDENUM
Authors: & Al-Jebory Al-Rukabi
Published: June 2020

The experiment was conducted at the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Aljadrya campus during the spring season of 2015 to study the response of green beans to the inoculation with nitrogen fixing bacteria including Rhizobium phaseoli, Azotobacter chroococcum, and Azospirillum brasilense and molybdenum. The experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications each included 11 treatments represent the interactions between nitrogen fixing bacteria strains, molybdenum solo application, molybdenum and bacteria strains interactions, in addition to the recommended nitrogen application and control treatment. Results were analyzed using the least significant differences (LSD) test at 5% level of significance. Results showed that treatment with all three bacteria strains and Mo (T11) gave the most significant value of leaf area and N, P, Fe, Mo in the pods which gave 59.50 dm2.plant-1, 2.24%, 0.25%, 51.67 mg.kg-1, and 0.34 mg.kg-1, respectively. However, treatment with nitrogen (T2) significantly increase potassium percentage in plant pods, root branching, and leaf chlorophyll content that reached 1.71%, 12.11 branch.plant-1, and 147.98 mg.100 g-1 fresh weight. Moreover, treatment with both R. phaseoli and A. chroococcum (T5) gave the highest root dry weight of 7.78 g.plant-1 while the treatment with both R. phaseoli and A. chroococcum and Mo (T9) gave the highest root nodular fresh weight of 633.51 mg.plant-1. Treatments with R. phaseoli alone (T4) and with both R. phaseoli and A. chroococcum (T5) significantly increased shoot number that reached 4.11 shoot.plant-1 while treatment with all bacteria strains (T7) yielded the highest pod’s weight of 5.91 g. As for the total yield, treatment with both R. phaseoli and A. chroococcum and Mo showed to significantly increase total production that gave 20.96 Ton.Ha-1.
EFFECT OF ADDING WHEAT PEAT AND SPRAYING WITH ITS EXTRACT AND ORGANIC NUTRIENT VEGEAMINO ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF RED CABBAGE
Authors: & AL-Ubaidy AL-Zaidy
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was carried out at the field of Horticulture Dept. Fild – Coll. Agric, Baghdad University, to study the effect of wheat peat  and spraying its extract and organic nutrient vegeamino on growth and yield of the red cabbage (Raissa Hybrid). during winter season of 2015-2016. factorial experiment using randomized complete block design with three replicaes, The first fatcor includes five levels of organic fertilizer, no-fertilizer (P0), recommended chemical fertilizer (100 N,120 P205 and 120 K2O  kg . h -1(  (P1), organic fertilizer 7.5 tan.h-1, organic fertilizer 15 tan.h-1 and organic fertilizer 30 tan.h -1. the second factor  four treatments , spraying  only weter (E0), extracts wheat peat (E1) at a concentration  2 ml.L-1, organic nutrient vegeamino (E2) at 1 ml.L-1 and  Interaction E1 + E2 (E3). All levels of organic fertilizers showed a significant increase in vegetative and quantitative  characteristics for the yield  as plant  height, number of external leaves, thickness of leafe necks, leaf  area, head diameter, head weight, early yield and total yield compared with control (P0). P4 treatment gave greatest value of these characteristics which reached 28.31 cm,16.218 leaf. plant-1, 14.144 mm ,76.25 dcm2. Leaf -1, 18.76 cm, 1584 g, 10.500 tan.h-1, 40.654 tan.h-1 respectively. (E1) and (E2) treatments showed a significant increase in the above vegetative and quantitative characteristics compared with control (E0), treatment E3 gave greatest value which  reached 27.92 cm,16.086 leaf. Plant -1,  13.721 mm,73.15 dcm2. Leaf -1, 18.34 cm  1535g, 8.444 tan.h-1,  39.405 tan.h-1 respectively, Interaction treatment of P4E3 gave greatest value which  reached  29.51 cm ,18.107 leaf. Plant -1, 14.833 mm, 87.25 dcm2. Leaf -1, 20.22 cm, 1773 g , 12.748  tan.h-1, 45.507  tan. h-1  respectively.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON DOWNY MILDEW Peronospora destructor AFFECTING ON GROWTH AND ONION SEED PRODUCTION IN UPPER EUPHRATES AREA
Authors: & et al. Al- Maadhedi
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted during the seasons 2009 and 2010 using local Red onion cultivar in order to determine the plant densities (the best distance between the plants) and the timing control (the best time to spray fungicide) for the purpose of reducing Downy Mildew (DM) incidence and severity, to improve the quality of vegetative growth and flowering in order to achieve high seed yielding. The distances 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm between the plants were used, and six dates of spraying the fungicide (Redomil MZ 72 WP) was attempted; after one month of planting, after 60 days of planting, twice spraying one after one month followed with another after a month, when reveal 50% of flowering racemes, and after 100% of the plants was flowering, as well as the comparison treatment without spraying. This study revealed that the plant density 25 cm between the plants was the best among the other plant densities, where given the highest % of flowering, number of blossoms racemes plant-1, % of floral fertilization, reduction in % of infection with DM, so was obtained the highest production of seeds, reaching; 63.75%, 2.99 racemes/plant, 64.27%, 14.86 %, and 408.48 kg.ha-1., respectively. Results also showed that treating the plants two times with the fungicide, the first after one month followed with another after a month and using the plant density 25 cm between the plants was achieved a significant increase on a number of tubular blade, %of flowering, number of blossoms raceme.plant-1, %of floral fertilization, reduction in %of infection with DM, so was obtained the highest production of seeds, reaching ; 9.92 Blades.plant-1, 64.44 %, 3.17, 80.41 %, 4.38 %, and 423.63 kg.ha-1., respectively.
ROLE OF IRON, ZINC AND ORGANIC NUTRIENT ON YIELD OF GREEN BEANS
Authors: & Al-jumaili Al-dulaimi
Published: June 2020

This experiment was carried out in the agricultural research station of the College of Agriculture-University of Baghdad, during the seasons spring and autumn 2015, use in agriculture beans hybrid primal seeds, one of the short variety. The aim of the experiment to study the effect of iron, zinc spray and add the organic nutrient on yield of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), The experiment was designed factorial experiment (3*4) with three replications according to the experimental design (RCBD), the first factor four spray treatments (0 and Zn 0.5 ml L-1 water and Fe 2 g L-1 water and Fe+Zn), the second factor adding three levels of humic acid ( 0, 2, and 3)kg ha-1 after melted in a calculated amount of water and add in a groove around the plants for each experimental unit. Results showed the superiority of the treatment of interaction M4H2 (3 kg ha-1Humic acid + Fe+Zn) in pod length 17.67 and 15.23cm pod-1, a number pods 18.62 and 18.65 pod plant-1, weight pod 9.65 and 7.18 g plant-1, number of seeds in pod 6.36 and 6.65 seed pod-1, seed weight 0.174 and 0.165g seed-1, early yield 1.613 and 1.482 ton ha-1  and total yield 14.13 and 10.72 ton ha-1, for two seasons, spring and autumn for every traits respectively .
EFFECT OF ENZYME SUPPLEMENTING AND SOAKING TO THE DIETS OF THE LAYING HENS CONTAINING CORN AND WHAET ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE
Authors: & et al. Al Rubaee
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted at Poultry Research Station Animal–State Board of Agricultural Research/ Ministry of Agricultural, which included two experiments to study the effect of enzyme supplementing and soaking to the diets of the laying hens containing corn and wheat on productive performance. Three hundred Brown-egg hens (ISA Brown) 40 weeks-old were used in this experiment after introductory period for two weeks. Layer hens distributed randomly to ten treatments with 2 replicates (15 hens per replicate); And fed on diets equal protein and metabolic energy according to the age periods in ISA guide. Treatments were as follows: Treatment 1: Control group (100 % corn).Treatment 2: 100% corn with soaking. Treatment 3 : 100% corn with enzymes. Treatment 4:100% corn with soaking and enzymes. Treatment 5: 33% corn replacement wheat with soaking. Treatment 6 : 33% corn replacement wheat and with enzymes. Treatment 7 : 33% corn replacement wheat with soaking and enzymes. Treatment 8: 66% corn replacement wheat  with soaking. Treatment 9: 66% corn replacement wheat with enzymes. Treatment 10 :66% corn replacement wheat with soaking and enzymes. The results showed a significant differences between treatments in egg production (HD%), egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion ratio. Supplementary enzyme with soaking indicate a  significant increase in productive performance.
ESTIMATION OF SOME GENETIC PRAMETERS IN DURUM WHEAT
Authors: & et al. Almajidy
Published: June 2020

To estimate genetic parameters and heritability in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) genotypes, seventeen genotypes (16 exotic from ICARDA and local variety (Buhooth 7)) were included in this study. This experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications at Field Crops Research Station, Abu-Graib, Office of Agricultural Research, during 2011-2012 and 2012-2013. The results revealed significant differences among genotypes for the studied characters at both seasons. The best genetic/environmental variance ratio attained for spike length (11.90) and no. of spikes. m-2 (9.22) in the first season, and grain yield (8.82) then harvest index (4.87) in the second season. High GCV observed for grain yield (15.68), no. of spikes. m-2 (15.18) in the first season, and harvest index (16.89) and grain yield (14.22) in the second season. High heritability estimates associated with high genetic advance for no. of spikes. m-2, in the first season. While, moderate h2bs estimates associated with high GA for same trait in the second season. Expected response to selection ranged from 0.93 to 84.6, also selection index ranged from 1.23 to 106.44 for grain yield and number of spikes. m-2, respectively in the first season also the same pattern was observed for value of second season. Characteristics like no. of spikes. m-2, plant height, no. of grains. Spike-1 and grain weight showed high heritability coupled with high genetic progress. Therefore, these characters should be given top priority during selection breeding in durum wheat.
RESPONSE OF RED CABBAGE TO THE ADDING WHEAT PEATAND SPRAYING WITH ITS EXTRACT AND ORGANIC NUTRIENT VEGEAMINO ON QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF HEADS
Authors: & AL-Ubaidy AL-Zaidy
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Dept. Fild– Coll. Agric,University of Baghdad , to study the response of  red cabbage to the adding  wheat peat  and spraying its extract and organic nutrient vegeamino on qualitative characteristics of  heads , using Raissa hybrid , during winter season of  2015-2016 . Afactorial experiment using Randomized Complete Block Design(RCBD) with threere plicaes were canducted , The  First fatcor includes five levels of  fertilizers , wethout-fertilizer (P0) , recommended chemical fertilizer ( 100 N ,120P205and120K2O  kg . h -1(  (P1) , organic fertilizer 7.5 tan.h-1(P2) , organic fertilizer 15 tan.h-1(P3) and organic fertilizer 30 tan.h-1(P4), The second factor includes  four treatments  , spraying  only weter (E0)  , extracts wheat peat (E1) at a concentration  2 ml.L-1 , organic nutrient vegeamino (E2) at 1 ml.L-1  and  Interaction E1 + E2 (E3)  , The results showed superiority of organic fertilizer treatment P4 in  Vitamin C  content (76.0mg .100 gm-1 ) , Folic acid (123.14µg.100gm-1 ) , percentage oftotai  carbohydrates (4.593 %  ) , protein (18.823 %  ) , fiber (9.130%   ) and lowest content of nitrate in the head (0.390 mg.gm-1 ) , E3  treatment showed a significant increase in the characteristicsaboveand gave greatest value  reached 71.50mg . 100gm-1, 119.54µg.100gm–1  , 4.257 %  , 17.702 %  , 9.190  %andlowest content of nitrate inE0treatment (0.449 mg.gm–1), Interaction treatment of  P4E3 gave the greatest value   reached82.34mg.100gm1-, 145.79µg.100gm1-, 4.983 % , 20.516% , 11.790 %andlowest content of nitrate was  inP0E0 treatment (0.332mg.gm–1 ).
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER IN VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF CACATS ( ALOE VERA L.)
Authors: & Rabee Muneer
Published: June 2020

An experiment was carried out on the Cactus (Aloe vera L.), two year old plants were planted in one of the fields of Agriculture College - Baghdad University for the season 2015-2016 and planted in pots. The different organic fertilizers used in two (Sewage, poultry manure and sheep manure) and the fertilize used at two levels 7.5% and 5% from the weight of the pot, and organic acid (Com Sol ) at two levels (1.5 and 3) ml and chemical fertilizer NPK (2.5 gm) in addition to control treatment. The experiment carried out within the RCBD with three replicates and four plants for each experimental unit. results were indicated that the sewage treatment at 7.5% caused significantly increased in rates of vegetative characteristics: leaves number (17.43 leaves per plant), offset number (10.57 offset per plant), plant height and width leaf (64.79 and 7.85) cm respectively, thickness leaf (2.24 mm), gel and cortex dry weight (9.96 and 27.21) gm respectively, and amount of chlorophyll (1.948 mg.gm-1 fresh weight) compared to the control treatment.
EFFECT OF WATER STRESS ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF BREAD WHEAT GENOTYPES.
Authors: & Kadhem Mohammed
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was conducted during 2014 -2015 and 2015-2016 seasons at the  Field Crops Research Station Abu Ghraib, to study the effect of water stress, on yield and yield components of  bread wheat genotypes .The water stress treatment were 25% (S1) and 75% (S2) depletion of soil available water . The experiments was conucted using a split plot with in arrangement Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Water stress treatments were assigned to the main-plot, while, 27 wheat genotypes  were assigned to sub-plots. The results indicated that water stress treatment (S2)  significantly decreased  the number of spikes m-2,  number of grain.spike-1, 1000 grain weight and grain yield. The genotypes showed a differences in all characters studied. The genotype 26 produced the highest number of spikes m-2(355.8) and did not significantly differ from Bohooth10 347.2 spike.m-2.The Bohooth10 gave highest in the number of grain spike-1 (62.07) . The genotype 25 produced the highest weight of 1000 grains (40.05,37.09 gm)The genotype 26 produced highest grain yield (6.117 and 5.074 ton h-1 ) for two seasons, respectively but differed significantly from IPA99 which gave lowest  grains yield ( 3.395 and 3.020 Tun.h-1) for two seasons respectively.
GENOMICS AND EPIGENOMICS IN MAIZE HYBRID KERNEL
Authors: & et al. Elsahookie
Published: June 2020

The endosperm in cereals supplies nutrients to the developing kernel and seedling, and it is the primary tissue that gene imprinting occurs. Developing maize (Zea mays L.) endosperms were analysed for allelic gene expression in both reciprocal crosses of inbreds B73 and Mo17. A high-throughput transcriptome sequencing in kernels at 0, 3 up to 15 DAP of both reciprocals were performed, and found a gradual increased paternal transcript expression in 3 and 5 DAP kernels. Meanwhile, in 7 DAP endosperm, most of genes tested gave the ratio 2:1 maternal: paternal, suggesting that paternal genes are almost fully activated at 7 DAP. There were 300 PEGs and 499 MEGs identified across endosperm development stages. A 63 genes out of 116, 234 exhibited parent-specific expression were identified at 7, 10 and 15 DAP. Most of paternally expressed genes was at 7 DAP due to deviation of paternal alleles expression at this stage of development. Imprinted genes in terms of relative expression of maternal and paternal alleles differed at least five folds in both crosses. A total of 179 (1.6%) protein coding genes expressed in the endosperm were imprinted, 68 of them showed maternal preferential expression and 111 paternal expression, besides 38 long noncoding RNA were found imprinted and transcribed in either sense or antisense direction from intronic regions of normal protein coding genes or from intergenic regions. Imprinted genes showed clustering around the genome. A total of 21 imprinted  genes in the maize hybrid endosperm had differentially methylated regions (DMRs). All DMRs were found to be hypomethylated in maternal alleles and hypermethylated in paternal alleles. These results confirm a complex mechanism controlling endosperm in maize in imprinting, auxin activity, and development regulation. Studying F2 kernels on F1 plants may shed a new light on controlling kernel number weight in unit of area.
GENERAL AND SPECIFIC COMBINING ABILITY OF MAIZE TRAITS STUDIED IN SINGLE CROSS HYBRIDS
Authors: & Hussen Hussain
Published: June 2020

The study was carried out  using full diallel cross between six inbred lines of maize, parents and their F1 including reciprocals were planted in 19th march 2014 at field of agriculture college, Duhok University. All treatments arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications to estimate the general and specific combining ability of maize traits in single cross hybrids. According to the mean square values of The results showed that the general combining ability, specific combining ability, and reciprocal combining ability, the general combining ability exhibited significant variance for all traits except days to 75% tasseling and number of kernels row-1, whereas, specific combining ability was non significant for leaf area though its prerogative  for all other traits. The reciprocal combining ability was remarkable  for days to 75% tasseling, plant and ear height, leaf area, ear diameter, ear length, number of rows ear-1, number of kernels row-1, 300- kernel weight and yield plant-1. The hybrid IK8xTH613 displayed the best value for yield plant-1 and IK58XTH613 for days to 75% tasseling, while the reciprocal HSxIK8 was the best for yield plant-1.
EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER FROM RABBIT’S URINE WASTE FERMENTED USING LOCAL MICROORGANISMS AS DECOMPOSERS
Authors: & et al. Said
Published: June 2020

Rabbit’s urine waste (RUW) is one of the by-products of rabbit metabolism that not utilized. The complex nutrient content of rabbit’s urine is an enormous potential as a basic ingredient of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). In the production process of LOF, the fermentation process becomes very important. In the fermentation process, the role of decomposer is very important. The use of commercial decomposers (CD) containing selected microorganisms is difficult to implement in rural areas, as they are expensive and difficult to obtain. Therefore, it is very important to find alternative sources of decomposers derived from nature.  This study aims to evaluate the quality of LOF made from RUW using local microorganism (LM) as a decomposer. A total of 3 types of decomposers are applied, namely: 1) feces extract (FE); 2) banana root extract (RBE) and 3) commercial decomposer (CD) as a control. The fermentation process was done for 4 weeks. As many as 3 types of aeration process time (APT) were applied, namely: 1) 0 h; 2) 48 h and 96 h.  The results showed that the differences of APT resulted in pH values; C-Organic levels and C/N ratio of LOF from LUK were different, whereas N-organic and P205 levels were relatively constant.  Different types of decomposers applied in the fermentation process yield different levels of K2O, but the pH value, C-Organic content, C/N ratio and P205 were relatively constant. Performance of CD in LOF fermentation process was no different from FE and RBE performance. Application of both types of decomposers (FE and RBE)was equally potential to replace CD as a decomposer in the production process of LOF. Implementation of APT for 48 h was the best time process than others.
FORMULATION OF SLOW-RELEASE NPK DOUBLE- COATED GRANULES USING BIOBLEND POLYMER BY SPRAY
Authors: & et al. Djamaan
Published: June 2020

The slow-release NPK double-coated granules obtained was evaluated in term of chemical interaction, surface morphology, and release rate of phosphate by Fourier Transform Infra Red spectrophotometer, Scanning Electron Microscope, and Visible spectrophotometer. Results showed that the FTIR spectrum of granules showed that no chemical interaction was observed between NPK granules and coating polymers during the coating process. The bioblend polymer used was effective as a coating materialfor the slow-release double-coated NPK. The SEM micrograph showed the clearly different part between core and coating polymers. The percentage of phosphate released after 48 hours through the slow-release double and one coated NPK granules were 21.89, and 39.13%, respectively. While through un-coated NPK granules was 93.60%. The release profile of phosphate through slow release double coatedNPK granules was following the Langenbucher kinetics (r = 0.9015).
RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY OF MAIZE UNDER INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND TWO DIFFERENT SEASONAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Mohammed A. A.
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study to estimate  the Radiation Use Efficiency  under effect of three levels of nitrogen (N1 = 80 Kg N ha-1,  N2 =120 Kg  N ha-1, and   N3=160 Kg N ha-1) for a set of maize hybrids include (Gloria, Market, Cruze and Draxma) in two different seasons in spring and fall  of 2017 in Qlyasn-Sulaimani. The experiment was conducted using split plot design with three replicates . The results revealed higher intensity of PAR in autumn season than that of spring (15.672 and 10.555)MJm-2d-1  respectively that led to higher RUE in autumn revealing (4.311,3.546, and 4.702)g MJ-1 m-2 under the effect of (N1,N2, and N3) respectively, while the results of the autumn were higher (5.237, 4.681, and 6.019) g MJ-1 m-2  under the same levels of nitrogen fertilization, the highest application of nitrogen was more effective in autumn. The RGR and the rate of total dry matter accumulation were higher in autumn season displaying positive performance of studied  maize hybrids to the higher intercepted of solar energy as well higher temperature.
DNA METHYLATION AND FESOD GENE EXPRESSION AFFECTED BY PLANT DENSITY IN ZEA MAYS L.
Authors: & Alfalahi Shenawa
Published: June 2020

Methylation Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism (MSAP) was used to characterize the alterations in DNA methylation in maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines and their half-daillels affected by plant densities (213333 plant h-1 and 13333 plant h-1). The two restriction was enzymes ( HpaII and MspI) succeeded in diagnosing a total of 23 specific loci, most of (22 loci) were Methylation Sensitive Loci (MSL), while the only one NML (No Methylated Loci) was monomorphic. Thirteen out of 22 MSL loci polymorphic, recording a were polymorphism percentage of 59%. Results of FeSOD gene expression cleared the different response of maize inbreds and hybrids to high plant density stress. Generally, the expression of  the targeted gene was increased in plants submitted to high plant density stress compared with low density. The inbred 3 and its single hybrid 1×3 achieved the highest level of gene expression under high planting density (5505.7 and 21098.6 copy, respectively), meanwhile, inbred 5 and it's single hybrid 4×5 gained the maximum level of FeSOD expression at the low plant density (8317.6 and 6862.1 copy, respectively). The response reached to its maximum limit in many of those genotypes, some other genotypes showed relatively steady performance along with higher stress, such as parent 1, that gave the lowest number of gene copies in both, high and low plant density (1375.8 and 1569.5 copy, respectively).
USING PROBABILITY REGRESSION MODELS TO MEASURING MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY FOR BROILER PROJECTS
Authors: & Faeq Ali
Published: June 2020

The efficiency of management is determining factor for the success or failure of agricultural projects generally and Livestock particularly achieving its objectives. Therefore, this research came to diagnose the most important variables that determine the efficiency of management using the probability regression models to measure the probability of management efficient of broilers production projects using  random sample included (60) broilers projects represented 11.6% of Baghdad province (research community) in 2016. After estimating the relationship between the management efficiency (descriptive dependent variable) and the independent variables affecting it (age, educational level, production index (PI), experience). The results showed that the parameters of these variables were positive according the economic logic, except for the parameter of the experience variable, which was negative contrary to economic logic. The results showed that the independent variables were significant at 1% and 5% levels in logit and probit models, except the PI variable, which was insignificant in the Tobit model. By comparing the results of the three models and the tests performed, the probit model showed its preference.  The age and educational level were most important independent variables affecting the efficiency of management, the suggested recommendations of the research indicated to increase the efficiency of the administration through training courses to train workers and teach them to follow the modern methods in poultry production and raise the scientific methods because of its impact in increasing productivity.
DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM DAM LOCATION IN AL-ABEDH BASIN UTILIZING REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM TECHNIQUES
Authors: & et al. Jawad
Published: June 2020

The hard environmental factors of AL-Abedh basin region forced the native tribes to make multitude migrations in it around the year seeking for water and pasture lands . Existence of sufficient water supplement will settle these tribes down and enhancing their eco system. The real capability of GIS software to be a decisions making support tool or operations management assistant mean came from its ability of data integration and information analysis. This capability was invested in this research to determine the optimum location of a dam that confine huge amount of water in its lake which can be used to provide water for drinking,  pasture irrigation and land reclamation along the valley banks, and hydroelectricity power generation. In this location one dam with two possible heights could be constructed with a medium to few permeability reservoir soil behind it having 77.781 km2 and 1039.306 km2  areas respectively.
DETECTION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS COMPOUNDS CONCENTRATIONS AND THEIR FATE IN TIGRIS RIVER WITHIN BAGHDAD CITY - IRAQ.
Authors: & et al. Khalaf
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate concentrations, compositions of PAHs and to study physical and chemical water characteristic in Tigris River. This study was conducted during July 2017 to April 2018. The results showed that twelve PAHs compounds were detected in water and sediment of the river and the highest concentrations of these compounds were founded in sediment samples. Concentrations of PAHs in water samples have a ranged between (0.36µg. l-1) in wet season to (0.53µg.l-1) in dry season, while the sediment sample have a ranged between (633.23µg.kg-1) in wet season to (778.28µg.kg-1) in dry season. The origin of PAHs in water and sediment were pyrogenic depending on the ratios of Phenanthene/Anthracene, Anthacene/ (Anthacene + Phenanthene), low molecular weight/high molecular weight. According of these results, it can be concluded that the Tigris River is polluted with the PAHs, and anthropogenic activities with the largest impact on the water health and quality of the river.
SYNTHESIS OF SILICA NANOPARTICLES VIA GREEN APPROACH BY USING HOT AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF THUJA ORIENTALIS LEAF AND THEIR EFFECT ON BIOFILM FORMATION
Authors: &et al. AL-Azawi
Published: June 2020

There is great interest for NPs manufacturing by environmentally friendly and economic manner. The aqueous leaves extract of Thuja orientalis was used to synthesized silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) by using two green methods, the first one is the magnetic stirrer method and the second method by using the cold plasma. The XRD pattern for both samples annealed at Ta=600˚C for 1h, while they showed the characteristic of Bragg peaks for poly phases at (001), (010), (10-1), (1-10), (0-12) and (002) for SiO2 triclinic (anorthic). The average crystalline size was calculated by using Scherer’s formula, which was 11.1868 nm in magnetic stirrer method, while the cold plasma method showed amorphous structure. The morphology analysis using atomic force microscopy showed that the grain size was 33.94 and 18.37 nm for magnetic stirrer and cold plasma methods respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicates hydrophilic functional groups in the capping matrix, which can improve the stability of silica NPs. The biofilm inhibition of silica NPs were investigated for two genus of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, the green silica NPs that synthesized by using cold plasma method showed the highest inhibition effect on S. aureus and E. coli  respectively.
Proteina C reactiva ultrasensible y riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Authors: Sáenz Guzmán Clara Yesenia , Peralta Josseline , Hernández Elisa , Castillo Yuri , Mazariegos Walter
Published: June 2020

Propósito: Describir el riesgo cardiovascular de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), según los valores de proteína C reactiva ultrasensible (PCR-us) del Patronato del Diabético zona 1, en el año 2019.

Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, realizado en el Patronato del Diabético de zona 1 donde se tomaron a 196 pacientes mayores de 50 años, obteniéndose características sociodemográficas, medidas antropométricas mediante pesa Rosthal®, flexometro y tallimetro SECA 213; además se tomaron muestras de sangre todo lo anterior previo al consentimiento informado, las cuales fueron procesadas en iCroma ll donde se conocieron los valores de Proteína C reactiva ultrasensible (PCR-us).

Resultados: Los pacientes que aceparon formar parte del estudio tuvieron una media de edad de 62±8.62 DE, 74.4 % (146) del sexo femenino, 54 % (106) eran católicos y el 82.1 % (161) residen en Guatemala. El estado nutricional fue de 26 % (50) encontrándose en normal, el 11 % (21) con sobrepeso y 63% (125) con obesidad. Para índice cintura cadera con respecto al sexo femenino se obtuvo una media de 0.89±0.05 DE y una media 0.97±0.05 DE del sexo masculino. Respecto a riesgo cardiovascular se obtuvo una media de 2.9±2.8 DE y 76 % (148) se encontraban en riesgo cardiovascular moderado/alto.

Conclusiones: De los pacientes estudiados 7 de cada 10 fueron mujeres, con una media para la edad de 62 años. Se encontraron 7 de cada 10 con sobrepeso u obesidad con una media para índice cintura cadera con respecto al sexo elevado. El riesgo cardiovascular presentó una media de 2.9±2.8 DE y 8 de cada 10 están en riesgo moderado/alto.