bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF SUICIDE IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL AND ASSOCIATED SOCIAL FACTORS
Authors: Silva Taynara Lais , Maranhão Thatiana Araújo , Sousa George Jó Bezerra , Silva Isaac Gonçalves da , Lira Neto José Claudio Garcia , Araujo Geovana Almeida dos Santos
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the spatial pattern of mortality due to suicide and social factors associated with its occurrence. Method: an ecological study that used data from the Mortality Information System (Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade, SIM) from 2008 to 2018. The unadjusted and Bayesian mean mortality rates were calculated for each northeastern municipality and the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) non-spatial and spatial regression models were used. Results: the highest mortality rates due to suicide are especially concentrated in the municipalities of Piauí and Ceará. The predictive variables of suicide were as follows: Gini Index (p<0.001), unemployment rate ≥ 18 years old (p<0.001), Municipal Human Development Index (p<0.001), illiteracy rate ≥ 18 years old (p<0.001), per capita income (p<0.001), percentage of people in homes with inadequate walls (p=0.003), percentage of people in homes with inadequate water supply and sewage (p<0.001), and percentage of people vulnerable to poverty who commute for more than one hour to work (p<0.001). Conclusion: eight predictive variables of mortality due to suicide in the Northeast region were identified that act as risk or protective factors, depending on the municipality under study.
Dynamic characteristics of drops on tilted hydrophobic ratchet surfaces
Authors: Dai Xin-ran , Jia Zhi-hai , Wang Jiao
Published: February 2022

Asymmetric ratchet surfaces are used to manipulate drops, which have received extensive attention due to their wide potential applications. In this study, using aluminum sheets as substrates, some hydrophobic ratchet surfaces with different geometric parameters were prepared. The dynamic behavior of drops in the initial movement stage on the tilted surfaces was captured by a high-speed camera. Compared with the behavior on the flat tilted aluminum sheet, the velocity and acceleration of the drop on the tilted ratchet surfaces exhibit non-linear characteristics. The forces acting on the drop were analyzed, and a theoretical model was proposed to elucidate the dynamic behavior, which was in agreement with the experimental results. Moreover, by changing the tilt angle of the substrate, the geometric parameters of ratchets and the size of the drops, the factors that affect the drop movement were investigated.
Major intra‐familial variability in Unverricht‐Lundborg disease
Authors: Nasri Amina , Zidi Sabrina , Kacem Imen , Mrabet Saloua , Ben Djebara Mouna , Gargouri Amina , Leguern Eric , Gouider Riadh
Published: February 2022

Unverricht‐Lundborg disease (ULD), also called progressive myoclonic epilepsy type 1, is usually characterized by the presence of ataxia associated with myoclonus and epileptic seizures without progressive cognitive deficit, presenting during late childhood and early adolescence. Currently, there is a growing body of evidence for atypical presentations of the disease with a milder phenotype or without the full symptomatology. We describe a case report of a late‐onset phenotype with progressive myoclonus‐ataxia syndrome accompanied by initial recurrent falls, resulting in specific phobia and agoraphobia starting at the age of 50 years old. The examination revealed multifocal myoclonus with cerebellar ataxia and electroencephalogram showed generalized polyspikes and spike‐wave discharges. Electromyogram revealed positive myoclonus of 60‐ms duration in the face and the presence of C reflex. A genetic study confirmed the diagnosis of ULD in the patient and other additional family members, presenting a wide range of intra‐familial variability. We discuss the challenging differential diagnosis for such a misleading presentation and its possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Our case report may contribute to broadening the age and clinical boundaries for this disease and emphasizes the intra‐familial age and symptom variability. Based on a suggestive family history, the diagnosis of ULD should be considered in this context, even in older patients.
Knowledge gaps for functional outcomes after multilobar resective and disconnective pediatric epilepsy surgery: Conference Proceedings of the Patient‐Centered Stakeholder Meeting 2019
Authors: Jones Monika , Harris William B. , Perry M. Scott , Behrmann Marlene , Christodoulou Joanna , Fallah Aria , Kolb Bryan , Musiek Frank , Paul Lynn K. , Puka Klajdi , Salorio Cynthia , Sankar Raman , Smith Mary Lou , Naduvil Valappil Ahsan Moosa , Walshaw Patricia , Weiner Howard L. , Woo Raymond , Zeitler Phillip , Abel Taylor J.
Published: February 2022

For children with medication‐resistant epilepsy who undergo multilobar or hemispheric surgery, the goal of achieving seizure freedom is met with a variety of potential functional consequences, both favorable and unfavorable. However, there is a paucity of literature that comprehensively addresses the cognitive, medical, behavioral, orthopedic, and sensory outcomes across the lifespan following large epilepsy surgeries in childhood, leaving all stakeholders underinformed with regard to counseling and expectations. Through collaboration between clinicians, researchers, and patient/caregiver stakeholders, the “Functional Impacts of Large Resective or Disconnective Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery: Identifying Gaps and Setting PCOR Priorities” meeting was convened on July 18, 2019, to identify gaps in knowledge and inform various patient‐centered research initiatives. Clinicians and researchers with content expertise presented the best available data in each functional domain which is summarized here. As a result of the meeting, the top three consensus priorities included research focused on postoperative: (1) hydrocephalus; (2) mental health issues; and (3) literacy and other educational outcomes. The proceedings of this meeting mark the first time research on functional outcomes after resective and disconnective pediatric epilepsy surgery has been codified and shared among multidisciplinary stakeholders. This joint initiative promotes continued collaboration in the field and ensures that advancements align with actual patient and family needs and experiences. Collaboration around common objectives will lead to better informed counseling around postoperative expectations and management for children undergoing epilepsy surgery.
Imaging characteristics of temporopolar blurring in the context of hippocampal sclerosis
Authors: Clavijo Prado Carlos Andrés , Federico Paolo , Bernasconi Andrea , Bernhardt Boris , Caciagli Lorenzo , Concha Luis , Chinvarun Yotin , Jackson Graeme , Morgan Victoria , Rampp Stefan , Vaudano Anna Elisabetta , Wang Irene , Wang Shuang , Zaidan Bruna Cunha , Rogerio Fabio , Cendes Fernando
Published: February 2022

We present an illustrative case to address anterior temporal lobe atrophy with poor delineation of the temporopolar gray‐white matter interface based on T2‐weighted and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE‐HS). A 52‐year‐old woman with pharmacoresistant seizures since the age of six months underwent a previous MRI scan using a suboptimal protocol which was reported as unremarkable. MRI performed according to an epilepsy protocol showed classic signs of left HS and ipsilateral temporal polar atrophy with blurring of the gray‐white matter boundary on FLAIR images. She underwent a left amygdalohippocampectomy and anterior temporal resection and remains seizure‐free after 24 months. Histopathological analyses showed HS and no signs of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). Blurring and atrophy of the ipsilateral temporal pole are common in TLE‐HS and often misinterpreted as FCD. This relates to delayed myelination in patients with seizures before the age of two, is more pronounced on FLAIR sequences, and gives a false impression of cortical thickening. However, the T1‐weighted images show a relatively well‐demarcated cortical‐subcortical transition and normal cortical thickness. By contrast, the cortical thickening in FCD is observed on both T1‐weighted and FLAIR images. Since FCD also occurs in temporal lobe regions, it is important to differentiate the extra‐hippocampal MRI abnormalities in TLE‐HS from those likely to be FCD. This case highlights the importance of evaluation based on detailed imaging, which should always be conducted considering the EEG, seizure semiology, and other clinical information.
Beyond neonatal seizures ‐ epileptic evolution in preterm newborns: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Falsaperla Raffaele , Mauceri Laura , Motta Milena , Prezioso Giovanni , Ruggieri Martino , Pisani Francesco
Published: February 2022

Objective. To assess the potential risk of developing epilepsy in preterm newborns with neonatal seizures (NS). Two electronic databases (PubMed and Web of Sciences) were searched from inception to December 2020. Studies that investigated the outcome of epilepsy in neonates with NS were included.

Methods. Case‐control, cross‐sectional and cohort studies were included. Data synthesis was undertaken via systematic review and meta‐analysis of available evidence. All review stages were conducted by three independent reviewers. We analysed data on neonates with NS who developed post‐neonatal epilepsy (PNE) based on the data reported in the selected articles. We then investigated the development of PNE in term and preterm neonates.

Results. The initial search led to 568 citations, of which 12 were selected for the review and six were eligible for meta‐analysis. Results of the meta‐analysis showed no significant difference in the risk of developing PNE between full‐term infants with NS (pooled OR [pOR]=0.92: 95% CI: 0.58‐1.44) and preterm neonates.

Significance. Gestational age does not seem to be an independent predictor for the development of PNE in neonates with NS. More data are needed to explore the relationship between seizures in the neonatal period and epilepsy later in life.
A Lawyer's Perspective on U.S. Payment System Evolution and Money in the Digital Age
Authors: Cheng Jess , Torregrossa Joseph
Published: February 2022

Take a close look at something that is widely used by the general public as "money"—a Federal Reserve note, a deposit with a bank, a balance with a nonbank payment company (such as PayPal or Venmo), or perhaps even a cryptocurrency—and ask what it means to use it as a store of value and a medium of exchange. That question is, in essence, a legal one.
Security Considerations for a Central Bank Digital Currency
Authors: Hansen Tarik , Delak Katya
Published: February 2022

The concept of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) has gained traction in recent years, with an increasing number of central banks announcing efforts to explore CBDC use cases and designs. Institutions are in various stages of research and development, with some just beginning their research and others already entering pilot testing or even production, albeit on a limited scale.
Using Distributed Ledger Technology for Payment Directories
Authors: Lone Peter , Nagarajan Kumar , Supples Trish , Wong Paul
Published: February 2022

Although distributed ledgers frequently are viewed as a revolutionary technology that could transform many markets, the technology has not yet received wide-scale business adoption. This may be due in part to a lack of use cases for which the decentralized and distributed features of distributed ledger technology (DLT) are optimal. But payment directories (known in certain markets as registries), which facilitate the lookup of payments-related information, may be a use case that has specific challenges that take better advantage of these features than other use cases explored by businesses to date. Directories that support routing of information to support payments like aliases for peer-to-peer payments and business-to-business e-invoices may benefit from the use of DLT. DLT allows market participants to maintain and to protect localized information without the competitive, operational, and technical challenges of a centralized database.
Education and the public good: Foregrounding education in history
Authors: Smith ET
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT Historians can contribute significantly to education historiography to bolster education transformation. Contemporary scholarship in education, in the main, mostly wrestles with the current dispensation's transformation of education policy endeavours in the post-apartheid era. While there is no substantial or insurmountable disagreement on the education policy objectives in post-apartheid South Africa, much of the contestations seem to arise from how these objectives should be realised to achieve their lofty ideals. This is where learning from history is important. History is not merely concerned with constructing knowledge through relooking the past but also attending to the "selection" and "silences" over time. Among other things, South Africa's history also provides significant insights into how education contributed to developing a first-world economy in the country. This article argues that, because of education's ability to enable social and economic mobility to affect families, communities, and society in general positively, education is a public good that requires historians' involvement and attention. The article also considers the significance of funding education as a public good. Consequently, the paper argues that historians can make a significant contribution to transforming education in their continuous rewriting of history to learn from the past and foreground education as a public good in the past and present for the future. Keywords: History; Education history; Education historiography; Education transformation; Public good.
"Better a barefoot than none": Influences of Nationalist ideologies on girlhood in the history classroom
Authors: Woest Y
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT This study adopted autoethnography as a research methodology to relive and reflect on my experiences as a White Afrikaner girl in a history class during the apartheid era in South Africa. This paper focuses on how the grand narratives of Afrikaner Nationalist ideologies and Whiteness in South Africa influenced girlhood or girl-becoming within the History classroom during apartheid in the late 1980s. This paper purposefully interrogates how ideologies of white supremacy, such as ordentlikheid (ethnicised respectability), found their way into the micro-context of a primary school history classroom through small acts of oppression. Epistemologically, I underpin this this paper by an interpretative paradigm to justify the meaning-making of personal experiences, which form the core of this paper. Methodologically, the study adopted a qualitative approach, and the research design comprised of an autoethnography. Data consisted of a personal narrative developed from a reflective piece of personal free writing into a crafted story by relying on memory work and checked by verisimilitude to remember specific details. I was the sole participant in that I generated the data through my narrative. An analysis of the findings showed 'place' as predominant convergence of identity marker, namely the place of 'outsider-girlhood' within the socio-educational context and intersectionality as Nationalist influence on white girlhood. I conclude the paper with my final reflections as a form of meaning-making. Keywords: Afrikaner; Autoethnography; White girlhood; History education; Role-play, Whiteness.
Multiple Cerebral infarction Associated with Heat Stroke
Authors: Song Young-Mok
Published: February 2022

Heat stroke is a condition of severe heat injury characterized by hyperthermia, multiorgan failure and central nervous system dysfunction. A 79-year-old woman was brought to our hospital in a semicomatose state. She was found lying unconscious on her house yard at a hot summer day. Her body temperature was 40.3°C. Laboratory findings were consistent with multiorgan failure and rhabdomyolysis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed multifocal infarctions in the bilateral basal ganglia, cerebellum, and occipital lobe. Despite cooling therapy and supportive treatment, her mentality was not recovered. This case suggests that multiple cerebral infarction may occur as a complication of heat stroke and prompt treatment is crucial.
A Prospective Single-Center Study of Incidence of Atorvastatin-Induced Myalgia in Korean Patients: Application of the Statin Myalgia Clinical Index
Authors: Kang Kyusik , Kim Byung-Kun
Published: February 2022

Background: Statin-induced myalgia is a common cause of discontinuation and a barrier that interferes with long-term treatment. The incidence of myalgia reported by previous atorvastatin trials in Korea ranged from 0.8% to 3.4%. This study assessed the incidence of myalgia after atorvastatin was administered to Korean patients with dyslipidemia. In addition, the Statin Myalgia Clinical Index (SMCI) was used to assess the likelihood that a patient’s myalgia was caused by atorvastatin.Methods: Dyslipidemic patients were eligible to participate if they were statin-naïve or treated with statins other than atorvastatin. Muscle complaints were assessed at the baseline, the 10-weeks visit and the final follow-up visit (16 weeks or later). The SMCI score was calculated if a patient developed myalgia, which was rated as probable, possible or unlikely related to the statin.Results: A total of 89 patients were analyzed. The atorvastatin doses ranged from 10 to 80 mg. Six (7%) patients reported new and unexplained muscle pain. Information on the timing of myalgia relative to stopping was unavailable in two patients. After excluding these two patients, three (3.4%) out of 87 patients were classified by the SMCI as having possible or probable atorvastatin-associated myalgia.Conclusions: In this study, the incidence of myalgia was higher than the incidences reported by the previous trials in Korea. However, the incidence of statin-associated myalgia assessed using SMCI was comparable to those of the trials. The SMCI may help diagnosis of statin-associated myalgia in clinical practice and optimize treatment for patients with myalgia.
Impact of Brain MRI Markers on Major and Mild Vascular Cognitive Impairment in CADASIL
Authors: Lee Jung Seok , Koh Myeong Ju , Lee Ho Kyu , Choi Jay Chol
Published: February 2022

Background: Cognitive impairment is the second most common clinical manifestation in cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). However, understanding of cognitive impairment in CADASIL has been hampered by lack of consensus on diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). We used vascular impairment of cognition classification consensus study principles (VICCCS-1) and protocols (VICCCS-2) to assess the cognitive impairment in CADASIL. We also evaluated the impact of MRI markers on major and mild VCI in CADASIL.Methods: We prospectively recruited 64 patients who underwent standardized brain MRI and detailed neuropsychological test. MRI analysis included number of lacunes, number of cerebral microbleeds (CMB), normalized volume of white-matter hyperintensities (nWMH), and brain parenchymal fraction (BPF). BPF has been used to measure brain atrophy. The patients were divided into three groups: those with normal cognition (CADASIL-NC, n=14), those with mild VCI (CADASIL-mild VCI, n=38), and those with major VCI (CADASIL-major VCI, n=11).Results: The three groups differed according to age, with the major VCI group being older. The major VCI group had more lacunes, more CMB, more extensive white matter lesions and lower BPF than NC group. There were no significant differences between NC and mild VCI groups in BPF. BPF and age were the independent predictors of major VCI. There was a tendency that women were at higher risk for mild VCI, though it did not reach statistical significance. Women were older than men, but had lower number of lacunes in mild VCI.Conclusions: These findings suggest that brain atrophy and age are the main predictors of major VCI in CADASIL.
Combined treatment with vemurafenib and cobimetinib in Langerhans cell histiocytosis and Erdheim-Chester disease overlap syndrome: A case Report
Authors: Hidalgo-Soto Marta , Poza-Santaella María , Pita-Suárez Daniel , Calbacho-Robles María , Pina-Sánchez José , González-Medina José , Baumann Tycho Stephan
Published: February 2022

Histiocytoses are clonal disorders diseases derived from the monocyte-macrophage lineage. The Erdheim–Chester Disease (ECD) and Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) may occur in association with overlapping clinical, histopathological and molecular features, harboring somatic MAP2K1 mutations in more than 50% of patients. BRAF and MEK inhibitors have shown to be efficacious in ECD and LCH, including responses in patients with CNS involvement. This case report describes a 59-year-old woman who presented with vemurafenib-refractory ECD/LCH overlap syndrome treated with vemurafenib/cobimetinib dual therapy, with rapidly progressing neurological involvement after its initiation. Although targeted therapy plays a crucial role in the treatment of histiocytosis, only anecdotal clinical cases treated with dual therapy have been reported in ECD or LCH and collaborative trials are needed to improve outcomes.
Pengaruh Physical Evidence Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen Di Happy Cow Palasari Bandung (Survey pada Konsumen Di Happy Cow Palasari Bandung)
Authors: Sabrilia Tinka , Andari Rini , Abdullah Taufik
Published: February 2022

Tourism has become one of the largest industries in the world, and are themainstay in generating foreign exchange in many countries, including Indonesia with a very vast natural wealth. In a world traveler tourism industry can not be separated from tourism accommodation ranging from lodging services, transport and restaurants. Which at this present moment tourism is much discussed is culinary, talk about the culinary is a city rich in culinary. One of the restaurants in the city of Bandung, Happy Cow Steak Palasari Bandung is located in Jalan Palasari No. 30, Bandung. With the passage of time and an increasingly tight competition in restaurant sales decreased. It is seen from the sales data Happy Cow Steak Palasari Bandung has decreased the number of consumers in 2015 amounted to 15.3%. One of the strategies used to increase the return of consumer purchasing decisions, namely physical evidence. Increased physical evidence aimed to withdraw the interest of consumers to make purchases at the Happy Cow Steak Palasari Bandung.The object in this research is that consumers in Happy Cow Steak PalasariBandung. The independent variable in this study is physical evidence and thedependent variable is buying decision. This study uses descriptive and verification method, with explanatory survey method. The number of samples in this study of 100 respondents. Data analysis technique used is the technique of multiple regression analysis with the program.Based on the results of studies found that physical evidence has a positiveinfluence on purchasing decisions with that middle relationship categories.
STUDI KELAYAKAN BISNIS PADA RUMAH MAKAN SAUNG POJOK DADAHA KOTA TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Azizah Marwah , Sudono Agus , Sukirman Oman
Published: February 2022

Saung Pojok Dadaha is a restaurant that operates since year 2009 and had afairly good development. Starting from small rice stalls and then evolved into arestaurant that is able to sell up to 1000 servings per day. The uniqueness of this Eating is House offer only one meal that is nasi timbel komplit that contains nasi timbel, ayam goreng serundeng, tempe goreng, tahu goreng, ikan asin, sambal, and lalapan at a price of Rp. 10.000,-. On his business trips, is currently going through a Saung Pojok Dadaha decline in sales quite significantly so that necessary to do study of business feasibility. The method used in this research is description verification with explanatory survey.Based on research results, obtained the results that the business of nasi timbelkomplit in Saung Pojok Dadaha deserves to be run and developed. Based on theanalysis of the financial aspects of investment appraisal indicator with using thecalculation of Net Present Value is explain this business feasible to be operate cause value of NPV is bigger than 0 (NPV0) or Rp. 1.691.405.357 Rp. 1.022.052.500. According to research result of non-financial aspect found several things that need to be evaluate, such as facility management, promotion, salary management, formation of management team, finance management in this case is about accounting, and completeness of licenses.
Local Specialty Food as Tourism Potential
Authors: KP Dalem Anak Agung Gede Putra
Published: February 2022

Food is one of the cultures of a region that can be enhanced to become a tourist attraction. However, due to a lack of community understanding, they are unable to understand this potential, so there is no data for conservation, and they continue to allow young people to be carried away by the flow of modernization, particularly in the introduction of local specialties. On the other hand, the trend of tourists visiting on tourist destination is due to its unique local food that cannot be found anywhere else. For this reason, tourism supporters that must be visited and cannot be brought home are the local specialties of an area that is a tourist visit area, in addition to the loss of identity and one of the assets that can be used as a tourist attraction.
Gastronomic Tourism Travel Routes Based On Android Applications In Ternate City
Authors: Turgarini Dewi , Pridia Heni , Soemantri Lioe Lyly
Published: February 2022

The rapid development of information technology systems in the world has forced Indonesia to immediately improve its gastronomic tourism information technology system that is easily accessible by tourists. The city of Ternate is unique both in terms of traditional/local food, history, tradition, philosophy, way of eating, way of serving, and educational value. In addition, the city also provide experiences by enjoying nutritious dishes and having good ethics. The method used is descriptive qualitative, through depth interviews, surveys and FGD analysis of the gastronomic component in Ternate City. After that, the second stage was carried out, namely designing an information system in the form of an Android application. This application provides a variety of attractions, accessibility, amenities, and additional services with a menu display that is easy for tourists to use when visiting gastronomic tourist destinations in Ternate City, then spatial mapping is carried out by tagging coordinates so that travel routes can be made. The result of the research is that valid data regarding gastronomic potential data is obtained, and an Android application is made, then an alternative gastronomic travel route is given which is expected to make it easier for special interest tourists to enjoy gastronomic tourist destinations in the city of Ternate. Further research needs to be done in the future so that tourists can extend their stay while enjoying their gastronomic trip in Ternate City.
Implementasi Kurikulum dan Guru
Authors: Hasan Said Hamid
Published: February 2022

Makna sempit kurikulum adalah sebagai suatu rencana tentang pengalaman belajar siswa di suatu lembaga pendidikan. Kurikulum dalam arti sempit ini sangat berguna dalam mengembangkan dukungan kurikulum. Dukungan ini yang dijadikan dasar bagi guru dalam mengembangkan proses pendidikan. Kurikulum menjadi jawaban terhadap permasalahan yang dihadapi pada masa sekarang dan tantangan masa depan bagi kehidupan bangsa. Konsep pengembangan kurikulum dalam arti sempit meliputi tiga fase yaitu konstruksi kurikulum (curriculum construction), implementasi kurikulum (curriculum implementation) dan evaluasi kurikulum (curriculum evalution). Fase pertama pengembangan kurikulum dimulai dengan proses pemantapan ide kurikulum dimana para pengembang merumuskan jawaban kurikulum (curricular answer) terhadap masalah pendidikan bangsa. Fase implementasi ini diawali dengan distribusi dokumen kurikulum dan sosialisasi. Distribusi berkenaan dengan kegiatan penyampaian dokumen kurikulum kepada setiap individu guru, administratur, setiap Komite Sekolah dan Dewan Pendidikan. Keberadaan dokumen kurikulum di tangan guru dan pelaksana lain, namun lebih penting dalam memahami, menyetujui dan melaksanakan ide kurikulum.
Pengembangan Kompetensi pada Pendidikan Umum
Authors: Sukmadinata Nana Syaodih
Published: February 2022

Kompetensi mempunyai makna yang luas. Minimal dapat dibedakan atas lima macam kompetensi, yaitu kompetensi dasar, kompetensi umum, kompetensi akademis, kompetensi vokasional dan kompetensi profesional. Dalam program pendidikan umum, konsep kompetensi dapat diterapkan namun demikian konsep dan rumusan kompetensinya berbeda dengan yang diterapkan pada program pendidikan vokasional atau kejuruan. Kurikulum dan pembelajarannya diarahkan kepada penguasaan kompetensi atau kemampuan berpikir tahap tinggi. Proses pembelajaran tidak berhenti pada penguasaan pengetahuan (ingatan) dan pengertian (pemahaman), tetapi dilanjutkan kepada tahapan yang lebih tinggi. Menurut Lorin W. Anderson dan David R. Krathwohl (2001) dilanjutkan kepada tahapan aplikasi, analisis (sintesis), evaluasi dan kreativitas. Karena itu, dalam Pendidikan Umum diharapkan digunakan pendekatan-pendekatan pembelajaran yang lebih mengaktifkan siswa, seperti pembelajaran: diskaveri-inkuiri, bermakna, kontekstual, eksperiensial, komunikatif, pemecahan masalah, pengamatan lingkungan, percobaan, penelitian sederhana, simulasi, bermain peran, praktik langsung, dsb.
Peran Sekolah dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum
Authors: Kamarga Hansiswany
Published: February 2022

Kurikulum dapat digunakan dalam berbagai makna. Dikaitkan dengan konsep Tunner dan Tunner, pemahaman terhadap pengembangan kurikulum di Indonesia mengacu kepada konsepsi instructional plan yang mempunyai fungsi eklektik. Dari definisi tersebut kurikulum di Indonesia bersifat fleksibel sesuai dengan posisinya sebagai legal formal. Hamid Hasan, menyatakan salah satu dimensi dalam prosedur pengembangan kurikulum adalah kurikulum sebagai suatu kegiatan atau proses, dan pelaksanaan kurikulum suatu proses dilakukan atas dasar tuntutan aspek kurikulum yang dikembangkan berdasarkan perumusan ide. Peran sekolah dalam pengembangan kurikulum difokuskan pada implementasi dokumen kurikulum, khususnya yang mengacu kepada proses yang berkaitan antara pedoman pengajaran dengan sistem untuk memprediksi hasil. Dalam lingkup kelas, implementasi kurikulum melibatkan guru sebagai pengembang kurikulum dan siswa sebagai peserta yang memperoleh stimulasi dalam mengubah pola perilaku. Kurikulum. Kurikulum berfungsi sebagai alat bantu untuk tugas guru dalam mengembangkan strategi pengajaran.
Analisis Kurikulum: Studi Komparatif Pengembangan Kurikulum di Jepang dan Indonesia
Authors: Wahyudin Dinn
Published: February 2022

Setiap negara mempunyai sistem pendidikan nasionalnya yang disesuaikan dengan latar belakang filosofi, kebijakan, dan strategi nasional. Seperti halnya Indonesia dengan Jepang, memiliki perbedaa yang kentara diantaranya: (1) sistem desentralisasi pendidikan di Indonesia baru dimulai tahun 2002 sedangkan di Jepang sudah lama diberlakukan desentralisasi pendidikan; (2) Di Indonesia kurikulum berbasis mata pelajaran baru sedang menuju kurikuklum berbasis kompetensi, sedangkan di Jepang telah lama berdasarkan standar; (3) Di Indonesia pelajaran Agama masuk kurikulum sekolah sedangkan di Jepang tidak, kecuali sekolah yang dikelola masyarakat pemeluk agama Shinto; (4) Di Indonesia pendidikan usia dini tidak wajib, dan di Jepangpun tidak wajib tetapi sudah menjadi pilihan masyarakat mulai masuk usia 12 tahun; (5) hari belajar per tahun 250 hari, sedangkan di Jeopang 200 haru untuk SD, SLTP, SMU; (6) Pengembang kurikulum di Indonesia oleh Depdiknas (Puskur) dengan melibatkan berbagai lembaga terkait, sedangkan di Jepang oleh Monbusho, Pemerintah Daerah, Asosiasi Guru, Lembaga Riset, Orang tua dan LSM.
Implementasi Model Cooperative Learning Tipe Jigsaw untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa
Authors: Samsuri S.
Published: February 2022

Konsep Cooperative Learning pada dasarnya mengacu pada pendekatan teori konstruktivisme, dimana dalam proses pembelajarannya memfokuskan pada aktivitas siswa secara individual, menemukan dan mentranformasikan informasi secara kompleks. Jigsaw merupakan salah satu tipe model pembelajaran cooperative learning yang dalam proses pembelajarannya mengutamakan kerja kelompok dan interaksi setiap anggota kelompok. Ciri khas model pembelajaran tipe jigsaw dibentuk kelompok asal dan kelompok atau tim ahli.Untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar yang diharapkan, pada akhir Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar(KBM) harus dilakukan tes akhir sebagai tolak ukur kemampuan siswa dalam menyerap bahan ajar dan tolak ukur bagi keberhasilan guru dalam melaksankan KBM.
Pentingnya Landasan Psikologis dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan
Authors: Yuliawati Lilis
Published: February 2022

Kurikulum sebagai rancangan dari pendidikan, mempunyai kedudukan yang cukup sentral dalam keseluruhan kegiatan pendidikan, menentukan proses pelaksanaan dan hasil daripada pendidikan. Mengingat begitu pentingnya peranan kurikulum didalam pendidikan dan didalam perkembangan kehidupan manusia, maka pengembangan kurikulum tidak dapat sembarangan. Demikian pula dalam pengembangan Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP). Pengembangan kurikulum membutuhkan landasan-landasan yang kuat, yang didasarkan atas hasil-hasil pemikiran dan penelitian yang mendalam. Salah satu landasan yang berkaitan dengan peranan anak dalam pengembangan kurikulum adalah landasan psikologis. Implikasi dari psikologis merupakan salah satu landasan pengembangan kurikulum yakni kepada para guru sebagai desainer, developer dan sekaligus sebagai barisan paling depan yakni sebagai implementor kurikulum.
Evaluasi Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan
Authors: Somantrie Hermana
Published: February 2022

Prinsip utama dari evaluasi kurikulum yaitu bahwa untuk evaluasi kurikulum yang komprehensif harus secara sistematik mencakup seluruh aspek yang berkaitan dengan kurikulum, demikian pula dengan Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP). Sudah banyak sekolah yang telah mengimplementasi-kan KTSP, baik yang dikembangkan secara mandiri maupun dengan cara mengadopsi atau mengadaptasi KTSP yang telah dibuat oleh pihak lainnya. Setelah melewati suatu periode waktu tertentu, KTSP perlu dievaluasi agar kekuatan dan kelemahannya dapat teridentifikasi. Hasil dari evaluasi tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pertimbangan bagi penyempurnaan KTSP di masa yang datang atau sebagai informasi yang dapat digunakan bagi perumusan kebijakan pendidikan khususnya berkenaan dengan kurikulum.
Kompetensi: Wawasan Kependidikan, Akademik, Dan Pengembangan Profesi Guru Pada Evaluasi Implementasi KTSP di SMK
Authors: Komaro Mumu
Published: February 2022

Pelaksanaan KTSP di sekolah masih mengalami hambatan pada unsur guru. Implementasi KTSP masih diwarnai minimnya sosialisasi dan kompetensi guru. Timbul pertanyaan bagaimana mungkin KTSP berhasil diterapkan di sekolah jika para guru masih belum memahami konsep, substansi, dan mekanisme pelaksanaan KTSP. Jika masalah ini dibiarkan maka akan sia-sia apa yang telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah dan penentu kebijakan pendidikan, sehingga dalam konteks ini perlu dipahami bahwa pentingnya kompetensi yang harus dimiliki guru. Permasalahan di atas, diteliti melalui evaluasi implementasi KTSP pada aspek kompetensi wawasan kependidikan, akademik, dan pengembangan profesi menggunakan model perbandingan antara standar evaluasi dengan hasil observasi (standard vs observ). Subjek penelitian adalah guru Mata Diklat Teknik Gambar Mesin di SMKN 2 Bandung. Instrument penelitian berupa: observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi yang perangkatnya di jadment oleh ahlinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi wawasan kependidikan dibandingkan dengan rambu-rambu tuntutan kurikulum yang terdapat pada dokumen KTSP di SMK, diperoleh ketercapaian 50,97 %, kompetensi akademik keilmuan dan keterampilan diperoleh ketercapaian 58,3 %, sedangkan kompetensi pengembangan profesi diperoleh ketercapaian 38,07 %.
Kebutuhan Program Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam untuk Meningkatkan Profesionalisme Guru
Authors: Husna Nana
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi adanya tuntutan peningkatan profesiomalisme guru pendidikan agama Islam khususnya guru pendidikan agama Islam SMP dengan pengoptimalisasian kiprah musyawarah guru mata pelajaran. Kenyataan di lapangan musyawarah guru mata pelajaran belum dapat meningkatkan profesionalisme guru pendidikan agama Islam SMP khususnya di Kabupaten Ciamis. Dengan demikian untuk dapat meningkatkan profesionalisme guru PAI SMP perlu adanya kesadaran dari para guru PAI SMP untuk dapat terus menerus meningkatkan wawasan secara rutin melalui MGMP PAI seiring dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran perencanaan program MGMP yang dapat menjawab kebutuhan guru PAI guna meningkatkan profesionalismenya. Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan studi kasus pada MGMP PAI SMP di Kab. Ciamis.
SEPARAÇÃO OBRIGATÓRIA DE BENS NAS RELAÇÕES SEPTUAGENÁRIAS: PROTEÇÃO OU DISCRIMINAÇÃO?
Authors: Santos Lelis Acácia Gardênia , Soares Gabriel Oliveira
Published: February 2022

A legislação brasileira impõe limites patrimoniais às pessoas idosas que pretendem contrair matrimônio, ao estabelecer o regime de separação obrigatória de bens. A imposição legal do regime de bens para as pessoas maiores de setenta anos de idade é matéria controvertida na doutrina no sentido de que se essa imposição visa de fato a proteção integral da pessoa idosa ou configura mera discriminação. A matéria merece ser analisada sobre o prisma da autonomia da vontade e de outros princípios constitucionais, partindo-se de recentes estudos e decisões judiciais proferidas pelos tribunais superiores, visando analisar a atuação do sistema de justiça, e os mecanismos utilizados para efetivação de direitos.
Unsupervised segmentation of noisy and textured images modeled by Markov random fields
Authors:   , Gregoriou Georghios K. , Tretiak Oleh John
Published: February 2022

Image segmentation, i.e. the partition of an image into meaningful components, is an important step in low level vision. Here we consider the segmentation of noisy images, natural images with smooth surfaces, and textured images. The presented segmentation algorithms are completely data-driven and no a-priori knowledge about the image model parameters is assumed. Images are modeled by Markov random fields and the problem is cast into a statistical framework. Thus, statistical techniques are employed to achieve the segmentation. The algorithms are derived from the maximization of the joint probability density function of the observations and of the desired segmentation. In the case of the textured images, the image undergoes a transformation which reduces the segmentation problem into one of restoring a vector-valued noisy field. All the parameters involved are estimated by the algorithms, together with the desired segmentation. The algorithms are iterative and toggle between obtaining the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters and updating the segmentation by using the maximum a-posteriori estimation criterion. The algorithms are general in nature and can be applied to natural images of objects with smooth surfaces, noisy or blurred images and textured images. The time requirement is very reasonable and the algorithms are highly parallelizable when parallel processors are available. The texture segmentation algorithm is not limited to images but it is applicable to any vector-valued signals, such as signals from multiple colors or multiple sensors.
A study of the biological and mechanical interface between a swelling copolymeric anchor and bone
Authors:   , Gualtieri Gina Marie , Siegler Sorin , Kalidindi Surya
Published: February 2022

A new family of polymeric swelling-type materials has recently been developed for suture anchor applications. By absorbing body fluids and, thereby swelling small amounts, the materials are capable of achieving self-fixation to bone by an expansion-fit mechanism. The interface characteristics of these materials, including their in vitro and in vivo pull-out strength in rabbit cancellous bone, were evaluated. Additionally, SEM/EDX analyses were performed on selected retrieved samples (after pull-out) in order to determine the effect of constrained swelling on the structural integrity of the implant, as well as the effect of swelling on bony ingrowth. Further, preliminary biocompatibility and degradation studies were conducted. Results indicate that the new family of dynamic implants has potential in suture anchor applications, particularly in applications requiring fixation to cancellous or osteoporotic bone. Peak pull-out loads of up to 240 Newtons (shear strengths of up to 4.1 MPa) were obtained in rabbit cancellous, bone. The swelling implants exhibited better fixation strength in comparison to non-swelling implants, and tended to induce bone deposition at the bone-implant interface.
Beyond Calorie Tracking
Authors:   , Chwyl Christina , Forman Evan M
Published: February 2022

Background: Many individuals do not achieve clinically significant weight loss following traditional lifestyle modification interventions, potentially because weight loss is dependent upon calorie tracking compliance (to achieve calorie prescriptions), which decreases over time for most. By contrast, non-energy restricted plant-based diets have been demonstrated to promote clinically significant weight loss even without calorie prescriptions. Methods: This pilot trial is the first to empirically test a remotely delivered whole food plant-based diet (WFPBD) lifestyle modification intervention for adults with overweight or obesity. Over 12-weeks, participants (N = 22) followed a non-energy restricted WFPBD and received nutritional counseling and behavioral weight loss intervention. Participants were recruited in two phases. After Phase 1 (n = 7) participant feedback was gathered, and relevant changes were made. The revised intervention was delivered in Phase 2 (n = 15). Assessments occurred at baseline, mid-treatment, and post-treatment. Data were analyzed using an intent-to-treat approach. Results: Feasibility and acceptability of the newly developed intervention was achieved: attrition was low (9.1%) and acceptability was high (mean acceptability: 4.43 out of 5). In Phase 1, a small proportion (22.9%) of participants achieved 5% weight loss, whereas in Phase 2, the majority of participants (69.3%) met this benchmark. Mean weight loss was clinically meaningful for Phase 2 participants (5.89 ± .68 kg). Preliminary effectiveness of the intervention on waist circumference, dietary adherence, and quality of life was also achieved. Preliminary support for family support, family sabotage, friend sabotage and self-compassion (but not internal disinhibition or plant-based diet familiarity) as moderators of intervention effects was found. Conclusion: A 12-week remotely delivered intervention prescribing a non-energy restricted WFPBD was found to be feasible and acceptable and led to clinically relevant changes in weight, waist circumference, dietary adherence, and quality of life.
Within-subject variability in weight
Authors:   , Piers Amani D. , Lowe Michael R
Published: February 2022

Although eating disorders (EDs) have long been considered biopsychosocial disorders, the field has typically treated biological and weight-related complications as unfortunate consequences of the psychopathology of EDs. However, a growing body of research shows that weight-related variables may have an influence the development and maintenance of EDs independently of cognitive and affective dysfunctions. A yet-unexplored aspect of weight and weight trajectories in this population is within-subject weight variability (WV; i.e., the magnitude of the fluctuations in weight around the trend line of weight change over time). The current study aimed to explore the construct of WV in a transdiagnostic sample of individuals with EDs receiving treatment for their disorder. Importantly, body weights assessed in the study were collected during a residential stay, where patients are provided with all the food they consume, and both dieting and binge eating are proscribed. We aimed to characterize treatment WV in this sample, and examine how it related to ED pathology and weight trajectory over time (i.e., both during treatment and six months after discharge) in Anorexia Nervosa-spectrum (AN-spectrum) and Bulimia Nervosa-spectrum (BN-spectrum) patients. We calculated WV in two ways: "early treatment WV," using data only from patients' first 16 days in treatment, and "full treatment WV," using weights from the entire length of stay, to test whether the method of calculating WV would impact our results. In both diagnostic subsamples (n = 311 women with AN-spectrum disorders and n = 165 women with BN-spectrum disorders), full treatment WV was greater than early treatment WV (i.e., WV increased over the course of treatment). WV values were similar between diagnostic subgroups. Only full treatment WV was significantly related to pre-treatment ED symptoms, including global ED pathology, purging frequency, and weight suppression in both diagnostic subsamples, and eating concerns and restraint in the AN-spectrum subsample. In the AN-spectrum subsample, higher full treatment WV predicted more weight gain in treatment and at six-month follow up. There were no effects of WV on change in ED symptoms during treatment. As the first investigation into WV in a sample of individuals with EDs, results from this project have important implications for the growing field investigating weight and biological variables on the symptoms and maintenance of EDs. We posit that weight trajectories, including those calculated over a short period of time as in the current study, should be integrated into the understanding of the role of weight regulation in EDs. Results also highlight important methodological considerations for calculating WV and other weight-related variables in ongoing research.
El turismo comunitario como apuesta de diversificación en destinos sol y playa. Caso de la comuna ancestral de Ligüiqui. Manta - Ecuador
Authors: Félix Angel , Montalván Pedro , Morales María , Párraga Yadira
Published: February 2022

La actividad turística ha sido uno de los rubros económicos mayormente afectados debido a la nueva normalidad ocasionada por la presencia del SARS COVID 19. Los destinos de sol y playa comúnmente catalogados como turismo masivo, debido a los efectos de la gentrificación generada en sus territorios, han sido negativamente observados por los visitantes bajo la nueva normalidad. El puerto de Manta en Ecuador ha sido un destino caracterizado por atraer flujos de turistas que concurren a disfrutar de sus extensas playas, en la actualidad la realidad ha cambiado y su mirada se ha puesto al desarrollo de sus recursos naturales y culturales en zonas rurales. Encabezada por comuna ancestral de Ligüiqui, junto con Pacoche y San Lorenzo, se busca la posibilidad de implementar propuestas sostenibles orientadas a la inclusión de la comunidad para diversificar el turismo en la zona. La presente investigación está basada en la aplicación de la metodología Investigación – acción – participativa, junto con herramientas de observación como fichas de caracterización, inventario y entrevistas abiertas, en conjunto con la georreferenciación de puntos de interés `para el desarrollo de la actividad turística en las comunidades rurales. Se identifican recursos naturales y culturales de interés, se registran establecimientos de servicios de hospedaje y alimentación, se ilustra a través de mapas la ubicación geográfica de las comunidades. Por último se propone la implementación de los senderos mirador y arqueológico, junto con un modelo de gestión para potenciar el desarrollo turístico rural mediante la creación de un Centro Turístico Comunitario (CTC).