bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TONUITY: A NOVEL INDIVIDUAL-ORIENTED RETIREMENT PLAN
Authors: Chen An , Hieber Peter , Klein Jakob K.
Published: December 2018

For insurance companies in Europe, the introduction of Solvency II leads to a tightening of rules for solvency capital provision. In life insurance, this especially affects retirement products that contain a significant portion of longevity risk (e.g., conventional annuities). Insurance companies might react by price increases for those products, and, at the same time, might think of alternatives that shift longevity risk (at least partially) to policyholders. In the extreme case, this leads to so-called tontine products where the insurance company’s role is merely administrative and longevity risk is shared within a pool of policyholders. From the policyholder’s viewpoint, such products are, however, not desirable as they lead to a high uncertainty of retirement income at old ages. In this article, we alternatively suggest a so-called tonuity that combines the appealing features of tontine and conventional annuity. Until some fixed age (the switching time), a tonuity’s payoff is tontine-like, afterwards the policyholder receives a secure payment of a (deferred) annuity. A tonuity is attractive for both the retiree (who benefits from a secure income at old ages) and the insurance company (whose capital requirements are reduced compared to conventional annuities). The tonuity is a possibility to offer tailor-made retirement products: using risk capital charges linked to Solvency II, we show that retirees with very low or very high risk aversion prefer a tontine or conventional annuity, respectively. Retirees with medium risk aversion, however, prefer a tonuity. In a utility-based framework, we therefore determine the optimal tonuity characterized by the critical switching time that maximizes the policyholder’s lifetime utility.
Hegel’s Critique of Greek Ethical Life
Authors: Loy David W.
Published: December 2018

Hegel was attracted to the Greek ideal, but he ultimately rejected it as a model for the modern world. This article discusses four deficiencies he identified in ancient Greek ethical life: the immediate relationship between the subjective will of the individual and the ethical norms of thepolis, the absence of institutions that mediated citizens’ private goals with thepolis, the deficient conception of the human being which underlay slavery, and the granting of recognition on the basis of natural categories rather than politically integrative norms. These deficiencies explain not only why Hegel thought the Greekpolishad to disintegrate under the onslaught of subjective particularity, but also why he rejected the Greek ideal as a model of social membership for modern ethical life. In addition, they illuminate his rejection of Fries and provide grounds for criticizing Rousseau. His account of the highly articulated modern state represents a response to the question of how the deficiencies of Greek ethical life can be overcome.
VOTING THEIR CONSCIENCE: POVERTY, EDUCATION, SOCIAL PRESSURE AND VOTE BUYING IN INDONESIA
Authors: Pradhanawati Ari , Tawakkal George Towar Ikbal , Garner Andrew D.
Published: December 2018

When citizens are offered cash and gifts by candidates, they can either vote for candidates offering the money, refuse the money, or take the money and vote for whichever candidate they prefer (e.g., “vote their conscience”). Which citizens “vote their conscience” versus the other options available to them? This manuscript examines the effect of poverty, education, and social pressure on how citizens in the Central Java city of Semarang, Indonesia react to offers of cash from politicians. We find that poverty and education interact to create important and interesting patterns of responses. The citizens most likely to “vote their conscience” are those with lower income yet higher levels of formal education whereas higher income, more highly educated citizens are most likely to refuse the money. We also examine factors that create social pressure for citizens to “sell” their votes by supporting the candidates offering cash.
Multi-Scale Analysis of Thermo-Mechanical Properties of 2.5D Angle-Interlock Woven Shape Memory Polymer Composites
Authors: Sun H. Y. , Gu J. P. , Tang Y. , Xie Z. M.
Published: December 2018

A multi-scale strategy is employed in the paper to investigate the thermo-mechanical properties of 2.5D angle-interlock woven shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs). In the study, the mesoscopic model of 2.5D woven SMPCs and microscopic model of yarns are firstly developed. After that, the themo-viscoelastic constitutive relationship of the yarn is described in the form of hereditary integral and the parameters of relaxation moduli are obtained from nonlinear fitting of Prony series based on the results of finite element method (FEM). Based on the multi-scale models and the constitutive relationship, the effects of warp and weft arranged densities on viscoelastic properties of 2.5D woven SMPCs are studied in detail. Finally, the shape memory behavior along the warp direction in small strain region is also analyzed. The research in the paper lays a foundation for design and application of woven SMPCs in engineering.
New Olonbulukia material and its related assemblage reveal an early radiation of stem Caprini along the north of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Shi-Qi , Yang Qing , Zhao Ya , Li Chun-Xiao , Shi Qin-Qin , Zong Li-Yi , Ye Jie
Published: December 2018

Living Caprini are dominant bovids in the pan-Tibetan area that are strongly adapted to dry steppe and high-mountain meadow habitats. Some taxa with Holarctic distributions, e.g., Ovis Linnaeus, 1758, were thought to originate on the Tibetan Plateau and subsequently dispersed elsewhere, which was depicted as an ‘out of Tibet’ story. However, except for some information on a stem caprine assemblage from the Qaidam Basin, the early evolution of Caprini around the Tibetan Plateau is poorly known. Here, we report new material of Olonbulukia tsaidamensis Bohlin, 1937, which was a member of this stem caprine assemblage, from the Wuzhong region, northern China, confirming the similarity of the Wuzhong Fauna and ‘Qaidam Fauna.’ Based on a biometric study of horncores from the ‘Qaidam’ and Wuzhong faunas, we recognize six taxa from this stem caprine assemblage: O. tsaidamensis, O. sp., Qurliqnoria cheni Bohlin, 1937, Tossunnoria pseudibex Bohlin, 1937, ?Protoryx cf. P. enanus Köhler, 1987, and cf. Pachytragus sp. Among these taxa, Q. cheni and T. pseudibex are probably related to some extant Tibetan endemic species, e.g., the Tibetan antelope, Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel, 1826), and the Himalayan tahr, Hemitragus jemlahicus (Smith, 1826). Others might be ancestral to the Turolian caprine assemblages and even possibly gave rise to the extant Caprina. This work reveals an early radiation of stem caprines along the northern side of the rising Tibetan Plateau and indicates a mixed pattern of pan-Tibetan stem caprine evolution prior to their dispersal out of the Tibetan Plateau.
Lungfish tooth plates (Sarcopterygii, Dipnoi) from the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) Eutaw Formation of Alabama and Mississippi, USA
Authors: Harrell T. Lynn , Ehret Dana J.
Published: December 2018

Lungfish are a poorly represented component of the Mesozoic fossil record in North America, as most lungfish fossils consist of rare, isolated dental plates that are of little diagnostic value due to their conservative nature. In eastern North America, the paucity of lungfish fossils in Late Cretaceous strata is further compounded by the occurrence of geologic units that are primarily marine in origin, unlike the Late Jurassic to mid-Cretaceous fluvial deposits of the American west that contain comparatively more specimens. Lungfish fossils from the eastern side of the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway (Appalachia) have previously been reported from the Cenomanian Woodbine Formation of northeast Texas and the Campanian Mount Laurel Formation of New Jersey. Here we report two new occurrences of eastern North American lungfish tooth plates from the Santonian Eutaw Formation of Alabama and Mississippi. These two specimens are referred toCeratodus frazieriOstrom, 1970 andCeratodus carteriMain et al., 2014, species that are better known from the mid-Cretaceous of the Western Interior of North America. This discovery is the first published record of lungfish of any age from the states of Alabama and Mississippi. It partially bridges the temporal gap in the fossil record between the Cenomanian lungfish of Texas and the Campanian lungfish of New Jersey and extends the biogeographic range of Late Cretaceous lungfish to the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States.
DICHOTOMY PROPERTY FOR MAXIMAL OPERATORS IN A NONDOUBLING SETTING
Authors: KOSZ DARIUSZ
Published: December 2018

We investigate a dichotomy property for Hardy–Littlewood maximal operators, noncentred
$M$
and centred
$M^{c}$
, that was noticed by Bennett et al. [‘Weak-
$L^{\infty }$
and BMO’, Ann. of Math. (2) 113 (1981), 601–611]. We illustrate the full spectrum of possible cases related to the occurrence or not of this property for
$M$
and
$M^{c}$
in the context of nondoubling metric measure spaces
$(X,\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C},\unicode[STIX]{x1D707})$
. In addition, if
$X=\mathbb{R}^{d}$
,
$d\geq 1$
, and
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}$
is the metric induced by an arbitrary norm on
$\mathbb{R}^{d}$
, then we give the exact characterisation (in terms of
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$
) of situations in which
$M^{c}$
possesses the dichotomy property provided that
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$
satisfies some very mild assumptions.
FITTING SUBGROUP AND NILPOTENT RESIDUAL OF FIXED POINTS
Authors: DE MELO EMERSON , SHUMYATSKY PAVEL
Published: December 2018

Let $q$ be a prime and let $A$ be an elementary abelian group of order at least $q^{3}$ acting by automorphisms on a finite $q^{\prime }$-group $G$. We prove that if $|\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{\infty }(C_{G}(a))|\leq m$ for any $a\in A^{\#}$, then the order of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{\infty }(G)$ is $m$-bounded. If $F(C_{G}(a))$ has index at most $m$ in $C_{G}(a)$ for any $a\in A^{\#}$, then the index of $F_{2}(G)$ is $m$-bounded.
Maternal folate nutrition and offspring health: evidence and current controversies
Authors: Caffrey Aoife , McNulty Helene , Irwin Rachelle E. , Walsh Colum P. , Pentieva Kristina
Published: December 2018

Periconceptional folic acid (FA) is known to have a protective effect in the prevention of neural tube defects (NTD), leading to global recommendations for FA supplementation before and in early pregnancy. Maternal folate throughout pregnancy may have other roles in offspring health, including neurodevelopment and cognitive performance in childhood. Folate is essential for C1metabolism, a network of pathways involved in several biological processes including nucleotide synthesis, DNA repair and methylation reactions. The evidence reviewed here shows a conclusive role for offspring health of maternal folate nutrition in early pregnancy and probable benefits in later pregnancy. Folate-mediated epigenetic changes in genes related to brain development and function offer a plausible biological basis to link maternal folate with effects in offspring brain, albeit this research is in its infancy. Mandatory FA fortification of food has proven to be highly effective in decreasing NTD cases in populations where it has been implemented, but this policy is controversial owing to concerns related to potential adverse effects of over-exposure to FA. In the absence of population-wide fortification, and given the generally poor compliance with current FA recommendations, optimising folate status of mothers in very early pregnancy for protection against NTD remains challenging. Thus, current policy in the UK, Ireland and elsewhere in Europe for the prevention of NTD (based on periconceptional FA supplementation only), has proven to be largely ineffective. This review addresses the evidence and the controversies that surround this area, as well as identifying the challenges in translating policy into practice.
What is the ideal time to provide corrective feedback? Replication of Li, Zhu & Ellis (2016) and Arroyo & Yilmaz (2018)
Authors: Li Shaofeng
Published: December 2018

This article calls for replication of two studies (Li, Zhu & Ellis 2016; Arroyo & Yilmaz 2018) that examine the timing of corrective feedback, which refers to whether errors should be corrected during a communicative task (immediate feedback) or after the task is completed (delayed feedback). The article starts with a rationale for replicating the two studies: they address a topic of significance to theorists, researchers, and practitioners; they are conducted with rigorous methods; they represent classroom and laboratory research respectively; they both show an advantage for immediate feedback. It proceeds to contextualize the subsequent discussion of replication strategies by (1) elaborating the theoretical claims and pedagogical positions on the influence of the timing of corrective feedback on learning outcomes and task performance, and (2) summarizing the findings of the research on the effectiveness of corrective feedback. After some background information is provided, a detailed discussion is given for each of the two studies, including a summary of the methods and findings, followed by recommendations about how to replicate.
AN ANIMATING PRINCIPLE IN CONFRONTATION WITH CHRISTIANITY? DE(RE)CONSTRUCTING THE NAHUA “SOUL”
Authors: Olko Justyna , Madajczak Julia
Published: December 2018

-Yoliais one of the principal indigenous terms present in Christian Nahua terminology in the first decades of European contact. It is employed for “soul” or “spirit” and often forms a doublet withánimain Nahuatl texts of an ecclesiastical, devotional, or secular nature. The term-yolia/teyoliahas also lived a rich and fascinating life in scholarly literature. Its etymology (“the means for one's living”) is strikingly similar to that of the Spanish wordánima, or “soul.” Taking into account the possibility that attestations of the seemingly pre-Hispanic-yoliacan be identified in some of the written sources, we have reviewed historical, linguistic, and anthropological evidence concerning this term in order to revisit the Nahua concept of the “soul.” We also scrutinize the very origin of-yoliain academic discourse. This analysis, based on broader historical and linguistic evidence referring to both pre-Conquest beliefs and Christianization in sixteenth-century central Mexico, is the point of departure for proposing and substantiating an alternative hypothesis about the origin of-yolia. Our precise focus has been to trace and pinpoint a pervasive Christian influence, manifest both in indigenous Colonial texts and conceptual frameworks of modern scholars interpreting them. We conclude that -yoliais a neologism created in the early Colonial period.
Unilateral unidirectional superior cavopulmonary anastomosis in a patient with bilateral superior caval veins and atretic left pulmonary artery
Authors: Talwar Sachin , Yadav Mayank , Choudhary Shiv Kumar
Published: December 2018

A unidirectional superior cavopulmonary anastomosis was performed on the right side in a patient with a functionally univentricular heart, atresia of main and left pulmonary artery, bilateral superior caval veins, and a patent arterial duct in the right pulmonary artery. Anastomosis of the left superior caval vein to the right superior caval vein created a neo-innominate vein without using prosthetic material.
Aborted sudden cardiac death in a young soldier with concomitant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome
Authors: Kim Sunwon , Song Woo Hyuk , Kim Sung Soon
Published: December 2018

We present a young soldier presenting with aborted sudden cardiac death, who was found to have concomitant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome. Along with pathological haemodynamic features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, an easily-inducible re-entrant tachycardia was clearly documented in our patient. Given the fatal potential of supraventricular tachycardia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, we postulated that his tachyarrhythmia could potentially trigger the event. Upon his refusal to receive implantable cardioverter/defibrillator therapy, we ablated anatomical arrhythmogenic substrate instead, and he remained uneventfully over 3 years on β-blocker.
Eating habits in the population of the Aeolian Islands: an observational study
Authors: La Spina Paolo , Savica Rodolfo , Ciacciarelli Antonio , Cotroneo Masina , Dell’Aera Cristina , Grillo Francesco , Casella Carmela , Fazio Maria Carolina , Trimarchi Giuseppe , Musolino Rosa Fortunata
Published: December 2018

Objective

We conducted a study to describe food profile, health status and stroke risk factors in the population of the Aeolian Islands.

Design

Self-administrated questionnaires regarding eating habits, health status and stroke risk factors were obtained from a sample of the general Aeolian population. We analysed the difference from common healthy eating habits indicated by the Italian Institute of Nutrition.

Setting

Current evidence finds the Mediterranean diet is a protective factor for cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. The Aeolian Islands are an interesting study setting because of their peculiarity in the epidemiology of cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.

Participants

Individuals (n586; age range 15–93 years; mean 52 (sd18) years) living in the Aeolian Islands.

Results

We found low fish consumption in 13·3% and vitamin intake deficiency in 5·8% of participants. A marked excess of saturated fats was observed in 71·0% of participants. Sodium excess was reported almost in half of participants (49·0%). Eating habits were characterized by high consumption of fruits and vegetables, consistent use of olive oil and scanty use of cured meat. Health status as evaluated by the General Health Questionnaire was characterized by ‘normal distress’ level in the majority of participants.

Conclusions

Study findings show the eating habits and health status of the Aeolian people in an interesting setting of low incidence of cerebrovascular disease. This nutrition regimen has been proved to be protective against cerebrovascular disease. Nutrition is likely to contribute to the low incidence of stroke in this population.
ON MORITA EQUIVALENCE AND INTERPRETABILITY
Authors: MCELDOWNEY PAUL ANH
Published: December 2018

In a recent paper, Barrett & Halvorson (2016) define a notion of equivalence for first-order theories, which they call “Morita equivalence.” To argue that Morita equivalence is a reasonable measure of “theoretical equivalence,” they make use of the claim that Morita extensions “say no more” than the theories they are extending. The goal of this paper is to challenge this central claim by raising objections to their argument for it and by showing why there is good reason to think that the claim itself is false. In light of these criticisms, this paper develops a natural way for the advocate of Morita equivalence to respond. However, this response makes her criterion equivalent to mutual faithful interpretability, an already well-known and philosophically contentious barometer of theoretical equivalence.
Concurrent and Lagged Relations between Emotion Regulation and Affect in Adolescents’ Daily Life
Authors: Silva Eliana , Freire Teresa , Faria Susana
Published: December 2018

A better understanding of emotion regulation (ER) within daily life is a growing focus of research. This study evaluated the average use of two ER strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and concurrent and lagged relationships between these two ER strategies and affect (positive and negative affect) in the daily lives of adolescents. We also investigated the role of the same strategies at the trait level on these within-person relationships. Thirty-three adolescents provided 1,258 reports of their daily life by using the Experience Sampling Method for one week. Regarding the relative use of ER strategies, cognitive reappraisal (M = 2.87, SD = 1.58) was used more often than expressive suppression (M = 2.42, SD = 1.21). While the use of both strategies was positively correlated when evaluated in daily life (p = .01), the same did not occur at the trait level (p = .37). Multilevel analysis found that ER strategies were concurrently related to affect (p < .01), with the exception of cognitive reappraisal-positive affect relationship (p = .11). However, cognitive reappraisal predicted higher positive affect at the subsequent sampling moment ( β = 0.07, p = .03). The concurrent associations between cognitive reappraisal and negative affect vary as function of the use of this strategy at the trait level (β = 0.05, p = .02). Our findings highlighted the complex associations between daily ER strategies and affect of a normative sample of adolescents.
Recycled Components in Mantle Plumes Deduced From Variations in Halogens (Cl, Br, and I), Trace Elements, and 3He/4He Along the Hawaiian‐Emperor Seamount Chain
Authors: Broadley Michael W. , Sumino Hirochika , Graham David W. , Burgess Ray , Ballentine Chris J.
Published: December 2018

Halogens are primarily located within surface reservoirs of the Earth; as such they have proven to be effective tracers for the identification of subducted volatiles within the mantle. Subducting lithologies exhibit a wide variety of halogen compositions, yet the mantle maintains a fairly uniform signature, suggesting halogens may be homogenized during subduction to the mantle or during eruption. Here we present halogen (Cl, Br, and I), K, noble gas, and major and trace element data on olivines from three seamounts along the Hawaiian‐Emperor seamount chain to determine if the deep mantle source has retained evidence of halogen heterogeneities introduced through subduction. High Ni contents indicate that the Hawaiian‐Emperor mantle source contains a recycled oceanic crust component in the form of pyroxenite, which increases from the 46% in the oldest (Detroit) to 70% in the younger seamount (Koko). Detroit seamount retains mid‐ocean ridge basalts (MORB)‐like Br/Cl and I/Cl, while the Br/Cl and I/Cl of Suiko and Koko seamounts are higher than MORB and similar to altered oceanic crust and dehydrated serpentinite. Helium isotopes show a similar evolution, from MORB‐like values at Detroit seamount toward higher values at Suiko and Koko seamounts. The correlation between pyroxenite contributions, Br/Cl, I/Cl, and 3He/4He indicates that subducted material has been incorporated into the primordial undegassed Hawaiian mantle plume source. The identification of recycled oceanic crustal signatures in both the trace elements and halogens indicates that subduction and dehydration of altered oceanic crust may exert control on the cycling of volatile elements to the deep mantle.
Observed Trends in Global Indicators of Mean and Extreme Streamflow
Authors: Gudmundsson L. , Leonard M. , Do H. X. , Westra S. , Seneviratne S. I.
Published: December 2018

This study investigates global changes in indicators of mean and extreme streamflow. The assessment is based on the Global Streamflow Indices and Metadata archive and focuses on time series of the annual minimum, the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles, the annual mean, and the annual maximum of daily streamflow. Trends are estimated using the Sen‐Theil slope, and the significance of mean regional trends is established through bootstrapping. Changes in the indices are often regionally consistent, showing that the entire flow distribution is moving either upward or downward. In addition, the analysis confirms the complex nature of hydrological change where drying in some regions (e.g., in the Mediterranean) is contrasted by wetting in other regions (e.g., North Asia). Observed changes are discussed in the context of previous results and with respect to model estimates of the impacts of anthropogenic climate change and human water management.
Breakup Without Borders: How Continents Speed Up and Slow Down During Rifting
Authors: Ulvrova Martina M. , Brune Sascha , Williams Simon
Published: December 2018

Relative plate motions during continental rifting result from the interplay of local with far‐field forces. Here we study the dynamics of rifting and breakup using large‐scale numerical simulations of mantle convection with self‐consistent evolution of plate boundaries. We show that continental separation follows a characteristic evolution with four distinctive phases: (1) an initial slow rifting phase with low divergence velocities and maximum tensional stresses, (2) a synrift speed‐up phase featuring an abrupt increase of extension rate with a simultaneous drop of tensional stress, (3) the breakup phase with inception of fast sea‐floor spreading, and (4) a deceleration phase occurring in most but not all models where extensional velocities decrease. We find that the speed‐up during rifting is compensated by subduction acceleration or subduction initiation even in distant localities. Our study illustrates new links between local rift dynamics, plate motions, and subduction kinematics during times of continental separation.
Global Impacts of Arctic Sea Ice Loss Mediated by the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Liu Wei , Fedorov Alexey V.
Published: December 2018

We explore the global impacts of Arctic sea ice decline in climate model perturbation experiments focusing on the temporal evolution of induced changes. We find that climate response to a realistic reduction in sea ice cover varies dramatically between shorter decadal and longer multidecadal to centennial timescales. During the first two decades, when atmospheric processes dominate, sea ice decline induces a “bipolar seesaw” pattern in surface temperature with warming in the Northern and cooling in the Southern Hemisphere, leading to a northward displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and an expansion of Antarctic sea ice. In contrast, on multidecadal and longer timescales, the weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, caused by upper‐ocean buoyancy anomalies spreading from the Arctic, mediates direct sea ice impacts and nearly reverses the original response pattern outside the Arctic. The Southern Hemisphere warms, a Warming Hole emerges in the North Atlantic, the Intertropical Convergence Zone shifts southward, and Antarctic sea ice contracts.
Microphysical Characteristics of an Asymmetric Eyewall in Major Hurricane Harvey (2017)
Authors: Feng Ya‐Chien , Bell Michael M.
Published: December 2018

Microphysical and kinematic structures of major Hurricane Harvey's (2017) asymmetric eyewall are analyzed from ground‐based polarimetric and airborne Doppler radars. New polarimetric observations of differential reflectivity (ZDR) and specific differential phase (KDP) show asymmetric wavenumber‐1 patterns associated with vertical wind shear (VWS) but were shifted azimuthally with respect to the reflectivity (ZH) asymmetry. A ZDR column was found upwind of the ZH maximum in a region with strong updrafts estimated from multi‐Doppler synthesis, with higher values of KDP found cyclonically downwind. Retrieved raindrop size distributions show that azimuthal variations of size and number concentration were determined by both the VWS and the size sorting process. The diameter of raindrops decreases, while the number concentration increases cyclonically downwind of VWS‐induced updrafts due to the differential terminal fall speed of raindrops and strong rotational flow at major hurricane wind speeds.
Cosmic Ray Albedo Neutron Decay (CRAND) as a Source of Inner Belt Electrons: Energy Spectrum Study
Authors: Zhang K. , Li X. , Zhao H. , Schiller Q. , Khoo L.‐Y. , Xiang Z. , Selesnick R. , Temerin M. A. , Sauvaud J. A.
Published: December 2018

Cosmic Ray Albedo Neutron Decay (CRAND) has been recently confirmed as a source of energetic electrons at the inner edge of the inner belt by the Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment (CSSWE) mission. Here we use observations from the Detection of Electro‐Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions (DEMETER) mission, to investigate the CRAND contribution to inner belt electrons quantitatively over a broad energy range (~100–800 keV). Spectral fitting analysis supports the conclusion that CRAND is the most important electron source at the inner edge of the inner belt. For the first time, we show that CRAND is the dominant source of >250‐keV quasitrapped electrons throughout the inner belt and slot region during quiet times. We suggest that additional sources for <250‐keV electrons exist, perhaps from inward transport. In contrast, dynamics of electrons in the inner belt and slot region is dominated by injections during active times.
Observational Evidence of Magnetic Reconnection in the Terrestrial Bow Shock Transition Region
Authors: Wang Shan , Chen Li‐Jen , Bessho Naoki , Hesse Michael , Wilson Lynn B. , Giles Barbara , Moore Thomas E. , Russell Christopher T. , Torbert Roy B. , Burch James L.
Published: December 2018

We report evidence of magnetic reconnection in the transition region of the Earth's bow shock when the angle between the shock normal and the immediate upstream magnetic field is 65°. An ion‐skin‐depth‐scale current sheet exhibits the Hall current and field pattern, electron outflow jet, and enhanced energy conversion rate through the nonideal electric field, all consistent with a reconnection diffusion region close to the X‐line. In the diffusion region, electrons are modulated by electromagnetic waves. An ion exhaust with energized field‐aligned ions and electron parallel heating are observed in the same shock transition region. The energized ions are more separated from the inflowing ions in velocity above the current sheet than below, possibly due to the shear flow between the two inflow regions. The observation suggests that magnetic reconnection may contribute to shock energy dissipation.
Quartz Flow Law Revisited: The Significance of Pressure Dependence of the Activation Enthalpy
Authors: Lu Lucy X. , Jiang Dazhi
Published: December 2018

An accurate flow law for dislocation creep of quartz aggregates is critical for the understanding of continental rheology, numerical modeling of lithospheric processes, and the interpretation of microstructures of natural quartz‐bearing mylonites. Despite many decades of research, considerable discrepancies still exist among quartz flow laws determined from different experiments. We demonstrate that the key to reconcile these discrepancies is to consider the pressure dependence of the activation enthalpy. From existing high‐quality creep experiments on quartz aggregates, we critically identified test runs having microstructures and stress‐strain curves indicating steady state regimes 2 and 3 dislocation creep and used the data to obtain a set of flow law parameters most consistent among existing experiments. Because estimates of strain rate and stress from natural mylonites are bound with large uncertainties, they cannot be used to construct a flow law better than one determined from well‐controlled creep experiments. A large number of geological studies and modern GPS observations suggest that crustal scale ductile shear zones likely flow at a strain rate range between 10−13 and 10−11 s−1. In this strain rate range, our flow law predicts flow stresses broadly consistent with stress estimates from many natural mylonites based on well‐calibrated piezometers for dynamically recrystallized quartz grains.
Efficient Computation of Green's Functions for Lossy Uniaxial Anisotropic Layered Media
Authors: Li Dawei , Wilton Donald R. , Jackson David R. , Chen Ji , Wang Hanming
Published: December 2018

The efficient computation of Green's functions for uniaxial anisotropic layered media is investigated. Both field and mixed‐potential layered medium Green's functions (LMGFs) are discussed for different applications. An asymptotic subtraction (singularity extraction) and the weighted average method are combined for the acceleration of LMGF computation. A full collection of Sommerfeld and related identities used in the acceleration is summarized and generalized to uniaxial anisotropic medium for both field and mixed‐potential LMGFs. When lossy media are considered, the effective distance from the source to the observation point becomes a complex number depending on the anisotropic ratio of the horizontal to vertical media parameters. In addition, the evaluation of half‐line source potentials, which are introduced to accelerate the scalar potential correction term for vertical currents, is generalized to the complex domain by analytic continuation. Several numerical examples are used to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the resulting algorithms.
Novel colorimetric sensor based on peroxidase-like activity of chitosan-stabilized Au/Pt nanoclusters for trace lead
Authors: Dehghani Zahra , Hosseini Morteza , Mohammadnejad Javad , Ganjali Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2018

In this study we propose a new colorimetric sensor for trace lead ions in milk samples.
Solid-phase dispersive microextraction using reduced graphene oxide for the sensitive determination of cadmium and lead in waters
Authors: López-García Ignacio , Marín-Hernández Juan José , Hernández-Córdoba Manuel
Published: December 2018

The combination of cloud point extraction with ETAAS measurement allows very low concentrations of lead and cadmium to be determined.
Formulating a single thioether-bridged oleate prodrug into a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system to facilitate oral absorption of docetaxel
Authors: Cui Weiping , Zhang Shenwu , Zhao Hanqing , Luo Cong , Sun Bingjun , Li Zhenbao , Sun Mengchi , Ye Qing , Sun Jin , He Zhonggui
Published: December 2018

Single thioether-bridged oleate prodrug (DTX-S-OA) efficiently incorporated into SNEDDS can avoid P-gp efflux, facilitate lymphatic transport and thus improve bioavailability.
Advances in crosslinking strategies of biomedical hydrogels
Authors: Hu Weikang , Wang Zijian , Xiao Yu , Zhang Shengmin , Wang Jianglin
Published: December 2018

This review presents the commonly used crosslinking methods for hydrogel synthesis and summarizes the current status and discusses future perspectives.
Solvent-induced formation of two gadolinium clusters demonstrating strong magnetocaloric effects and ferroelectric properties
Authors: Wang Yu-Xia , Xu Qiutong , Ren Peng , Shi Wei , Cheng Peng
Published: December 2018

Large magnetocaloric effects and ferroelectric properties were demonstrated in two gadolinium clusters obtained via solvent modulation.
Plastomeric-like polyethylenes achievable using thermally robust N,N′-nickel catalysts appended with electron withdrawing difluorobenzhydryl and nitro groups
Authors: Zhang Randi , Wang Zheng , Ma Yanping , Solan Gregory A. , Sun Yang , Sun Wen-Hua
Published: December 2018

High molecular weight plastomeric polyethylene can be generated using the title N,N′ nickel(ii) halide precatalysts activated with either MAO or EASC; notably these catalysts operate effectively at an industrially relevant 80 °C.
Slow magnetic relaxation in a {EuCu5} metallacrown
Authors: Wang Jin , Ruan Ze-Yu , Li Quan-Wen , Chen Yan-Cong , Huang Guo-Zhang , Liu Jun-Liang , Reta Daniel , Chilton Nicholas F. , Wang Zhen-Xing , Tong Ming-Liang
Published: December 2018

A {EuIIICu5} metallacrown displays field-induced slow magnetic relaxation, in which the EuIII with diamagnetic ground state enhances the relaxation rates.
High-throughput 3D visualization of nanoparticles attached to the surface of red blood cells
Authors: Dias André , Werner Marco , Ward Kevin R. , Fleury Jean-Baptiste , Baulin Vladimir A.
Published: December 2018

Blood circulation is the main distribution route for systemic delivery and the possibility to manipulate red blood cells (RBCs) by attaching nanoparticles to their surface provides a great opportunity for cargo delivery into tissues.
Photoinduced decarboxylative azidation of cyclic amino acids
Authors: Marcote David C. , Street-Jeakings Rosie , Dauncey Elizabeth , Douglas James J. , Ruffoni Alessandro , Leonori Daniele
Published: December 2018

The direct decarboxylative azidation of cyclic α-amino acids has been achieved via visible light-mediated organo-photoredox catalysis.
Silver(i)-catalyzed addition of pyridine-N-oxides to alkynes: a practical approach for N-alkenoxypyridinium salts
Authors: Tang Xiaodong , Wu Nan , Zhai Rongliang , Wu Zheng , Mi Jiajia , Luo Renshi , Xu Zhou
Published: December 2018

A smooth catalytic approach to N-alkenoxypyridinium salts using pyridine-N-oxides as the nucleophilic partner with alkynes under acidic conditions was developed.
Regioselective post-functionalization of isotactic polypropylene by amination in the presence of N-hydroxyphthalimide
Authors: Zhou Houbo , Plummer Christopher M. , Li Huaan , Huang Huahua , Ma Pengfei , Li Le , Liu Lixin , Chen Yongming
Published: December 2018

Previously, we developed amination modification of polyethylene by metal-free organocatalytic reaction.
BaB8O12F2: a promising deep-UV birefringent material
Authors: Zhang Zhizhong , Wang Ying , Li Hao , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: December 2018

A new alkaline-earth fluorooxoborate, BaB8O12F2, has been discovered through chemical substitution of a cation. It exhibits a short cutoff edge and a large birefringence.
Lysosome-targeted photoactivation reveals local sphingosine metabolism signatures
Authors: Feng Suihan , Harayama Takeshi , Chang Dalu , Hannich J. Thomas , Winssinger Nicolas , Riezman Howard
Published: December 2018

Novel photocaged lipids have been developed to release sphingosine at specific locations revealing a metabolic bias in ceramide synthesis based on subcellular location.
Conversion of landfill gas to liquid fuels through a TriFTS (tri-reforming and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis) process: a feasibility study
Authors: Zhao Xianhui , Naqi Ahmad , Walker Devin M. , Roberge Tim , Kastelic Matthew , Joseph Babu , Kuhn John N.
Published: December 2018

Biogas produced in landfills contains large amounts of methane (a potent greenhouse gas) and hence requires collection and treatment according to EPA regulations.
Linear and nonlinear rheology and structural relaxation in dense glassy and jammed soft repulsive pNIPAM microgel suspensions
Authors: Ghosh Ashesh , Chaudhary Gaurav , Kang Jin Gu , Braun Paul V. , Ewoldt Randy H. , Schweizer Kenneth S.
Published: December 2018

We present an integrated experimental and quantitative theoretical study of the mechanics of self-crosslinked, slightly charged, repulsive pNIPAM microgel suspensions over a very wide range of concentrations that span the fluid, glassy and putative “soft jammed” regimes.
Tethering solvophilic blocks to the ends of polymer brushes: an effective method for adjusting surface patterns
Authors: Zhang Kuo , Gao Hui-Min , Xu Duo , Lu Zhong-Yuan
Published: December 2018

Tethering hydrophilic blocks to the ends of polymer brushes can be an effective way for tuning surface patterns.
Zu wenig Fachpflegekräfte: Kinderintensivstationen in Not
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: December 2018

Die MHH ist kein Einzelfall. Im ganzen Land weisen Kinderintensivstationen immer wieder schwer kranke Patienten ab, weil wegen fehlender Pfleger Betten gesperrt sind. Die DIVI schlägt jetzt Alarm.
Entscheider-Blog: Generation Y drängt in die Führungsebene
Authors: Heiß Tanja
Published: December 2018

Selbstbewusst und höchst anspruchsvoll. Das sind die neuen Manager im Gesundheitswesen. Doch eignen sich Digital Natives überhaupt zur Führungskraft?
Rechts Kolumne: Ein heißes Eisen
Authors: Weimer Tobias
Published: December 2018

Die beschlossenen Personaluntergrenzen in der Pflege werden ab 2019 viele Kliniken belasten. Es drohen nicht nur Schließungen von Abteilungen, sondern auch Klagen von Patientenanwälten.
Im Interview mit Ada Health: „Ada kann die Basis für eine vollkommen neue Patienten-Arzt-Interaktion sein“
Authors: Hissel Yvonne
Published: December 2018

Für seine KI-gestützte Gesundheitsplattform hat das Berliner Startup Ada Health in diesem Jahr den Zukunftspreis des Clubs der Gesundheitswirtschaft (cdgw) erhalten. Vincent Zimmer, Head of Strategic Partnerships and Business Development von Ada über die Erfolgsgeschichte des Unternehmens.
Versorgungsschrankkonzept: Bestandsoptimierung durch Digitalisierung der Krankenhauslogistik
Authors: von Eiff Wilfried
Published: December 2018

In Zeiten der zunehmenden Digitalisierung ist auch das traditionelle Kunden-Lieferanten-Verständnis einem Wandel unterzogen. Eine ökonomische, organisatorisch und medizinisch interessante Organisationsform der Medizinprodukte-Logistik bietet das elektronische Versorgungsschranksystem in Verbindung mit der „Smart Contract“-Funktion. Nicht nur für Kliniken, sondern auch ihre logistischen Kooperationspartner.
Cyberversicherungen: Die Zeit der Zurückhaltung ist vorbei
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: December 2018

Verlief das Geschäft mit Cyberversicherungen bisher eher zögerlich, so geht die Abschlussquote derzeit steil nach oben. Angesichts der günstigen Prämienlage raten Versicherungsexperten Kliniken zuzugreifen. Allerdings sollten sie vor dem Abschluss die Expertise der Versicherer kennen und die Graubereiche ihrer Verträge durchleuchten.
Schlaraffenland Krankenhaus?: Wundversorgung und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Umfeld einer Klinik
Authors: Motzkus Martin
Published: December 2018

Aus Sicht der ambulanten Wundversorgung herrscht in Krankenhäusern Luxus, wenn es um die Versorgung von Patienten mit chronischen Wunden geht. Doch neben einer oft vorhandenen, standardisierten Materialversorgung und klaren Strukturen gibt es auch hier ökonomische Zwänge.
Quantitative Evaluation of Nasolabial Alterations following Nasoalveolar Molding (NAM) Therapy in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip
Authors: Bui Anthony , Barnett Rebecca , Rousso Joseph , Ahmed Mairaj
Published: December 2018

The clinical benefit of nasoalveolar molding (NAM) is actively debated between cleft centers without clear consensus. Nasolabial measurements were performed on pediatric patients with unilateral clefts of the lip, with or without cleft palate, at an academic cleft/craniofacial center prior to and following NAM therapy between June 2015 and August 2016. The parameters of interest were: columella height and width, cleft nostril height and width, and lip width. Measurements were performed using photographs taken alongside a reference object. The image output was then scaled to the size of the reference object and the capture angle. Intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to assess reliability of the photographic measurements. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation [SD]) were calculated to characterize the pre- and post-NAM measurements. Student's t-tests were performed to compare the pre-NAM versus post-NAM measurements. The primary objective was to measure the effect of NAM on the nasal aesthetic units that are known to be anatomically aberrant in the cleft lip patient. Nine patients were included in this study. Average pre-NAM age was 2.5 weeks, and average post-NAM age was 13 weeks. Average columellar height increased from 3.70 mm (SD = 0.14) pre-NAM to 5.85 mm (SD = 1.96) post-NAM (p < 0.01); average columellar width increased from 4.71 mm (SD = 0.49) to 5.93 mm (SD = 0.71) (p < 0.01); average cleft nostril height increased from 3.54 mm (SD = 2.97) to 6.81 mm (SD = 2.98) (p = 0.01); and average cleft nostril width decreased from 15.46 mm (SD = 2.91) to 11.05 mm (SD = 1.01) (p = 0.01). Average lip width decreased from 34.61 mm (SD = 1.73) to 33.87 mm (SD = 3.67); however, this change was not statistically significant (p = 0.16). This study objectively quantifies positive changes in nasal aesthetics associated with NAM therapy, providing further evidence for its utility as a presurgical treatment modality for optimal aesthetic nasal results in the unilateral cleft lip patient. The major limitation of this study was a lack of control group, as our center universally treats complete unilateral cleft lip patients with NAM therapy. However, the authors strongly believe that the positive aesthetic nasal findings would persist if compared with a non-NAM control group.
TGF-β as Multifaceted Orchestrator in HCC Progression: Signaling, EMT, Immune Microenvironment, and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives
Authors: Mancarella Serena , Cigliano Antonio , Chieti Annarita , Giannelli Gianluigi , Dituri Francesco
Published: December 2018

Therapeutic attempts to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) frequently result in a poor response or treatment failure. The efficacy of approved drugs and survival expectancies is affected by an ample degree of variability that can be explained at least in part by the enormous between-patient cellular and molecular heterogeneity of this neoplasm. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is hyperactivated in a large fraction of HCCs, where it influences complex interactive networks covering multiple cell types and a plethora of other local soluble ligands, ultimately establishing several malignancy traits. This cytokine boosts the invasiveness of cancerous epithelial cells through promoting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program, but also skews the phenotype of immune cells toward a tumor-supporting status. Here, we discuss recent strategies pursued to offset TGF-β-dependent processes that promote metastatic progression and immune surveillance escape in solid cancers, including HCC. Moreover, we report findings indicating that TGF-β reduces the expression of the proinflammatory factors CCL4 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β in human ex vivo treated HCC tissues. While this is consistent with the anti-inflammatory properties of TGF-β, whether it is an outright tumor promoter or suppressor is still a matter of some debate. Indeed, IL-1β has also been shown to support angiogenesis and cell invasiveness in some cancers. In addition, we describe an inhibitory effect of TGF-β on the secretion of CCL2 and CXCL1 by HCC-derived fibroblasts, which suggests the existence of an indirect stroma-mediated functional link between TGF-β and downstream immunity.
Geographical Differences in Intracranial Meningioma Management: Examining 65,973 Patients across the United States
Authors: Anzalone Charles Lane , Glasgow Amy , Habermann Elizabeth , Grossard Brandon R. , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Carlson Matthew L.
Published: December 2018

Background Age, tumor size and location, overall health, and patient preference are primary considerations driving treatment decision-making for intracranial meningiomas. However, even for the same individual patient, treatment recommendations may vary between centers and providers.

Objective To study associations between geography, disease presentation, and management of intracranial meningioma in the United States.

Methods The population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results(SEER) data were queried between 2004 and 2014 for cases of intracranial meningioma.

Results A total of 65,808 patients with intracranial meningioma were identified. Univariate analyses demonstrated strong associations between geographic location, age, and size of tumor at presentation. The mean age for all registries was 64.2 years, with a range from 62.0 (Utah registry) to 66.6 (Detroit registry). The greatest proportion of small tumors (<1 cm) were identified in the Utah registry (13.9% of tumors), while the greatest proportion of large tumors (> 4cm) were noted in the Hawaii registry (30.7% of tumors). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that the impact of geography on treatment selection was just as important as other established variables. For example, the distribution in tumor size between New Mexico and Greater California registries is nearly identical; however, the odds ratio for surgery was 1.5 times greater for the New Mexico population.

Conclusion These data suggest that disease presentation and treatment are significantly influenced by regional referral patterns, provider or institutional treatment preferences, and regional availability of subspecialty expertise. Understanding such biases is important for patients, referring physicians, and treatment providers in an effort to provide balanced counseling and treatment.