bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ДОМАШНЄ НАСИЛЬСТВО НАД ЖІНКАМИ ЯК ОБ’ЄКТ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ РОБОТИ
Authors: Нестерчук В. В.
Published: February 2020

В статті проведено аналіз проблеми домашнього насильства над жінками. Зазначено, що ця тема потребує підвищеної уваги суспільства в цілому і соціальних служб зокрема. Насильство в сім’ї є однією з найгостріших проблем сучасності, яка має глибоке коріння і латентний характер, не має вікових, соціальних та державних кордонів.

В статті досліджено види та ступені прояву насильства в сім’ї; виявлено соціально-психологічні умови, які детермінують зміст та динаміку позитивних змін у формуванні негативного відношення до фактів сімейного насилля; вивчено досвід роботи соціальних служб України та громадських організацій з надання допомоги жінкам, що опинилися в складних життєвих обставинах.

Проаналізовано законодавче підґрунтя досліджуваного питання і з’ясовано, що в Україні за часи незалежності сформовано достатньо потужну національну нормативно-правову базу щодо протидії насильству в сім’ї, яка в свій час була інноваційною, але на сьогодні потребує суттєвих змін, які зачіпають не тільки визначення поняття насильства в сім’ї, а й механізмів виявлення і реагування.

В статті зроблено висновок про те, що проблема насильства над жінками в сім’ї не втрачає своєї актуальності і визнається як одна з найбільш гострих соціальних проблем українського суспільства. Вона негативно впливає на фізичне й психологічне самопочуття жінок, віддзеркалюється на репродуктивному здоров’ї, заважає можливості самореалізуватися, забезпечити власну фінансову незалежність. Спільні зусилля держави, освіти, охорони здоров'я, соціальних працівників, громадськості повинні бути спрямовані на швидку допомогу жінкам, які постраждали від насильства в сім'ї та захистити їх права й інтереси.

Ключові слова: домашнє насильство над жінками, види домашнього насильства, наслідки домашнього насильства, робота соціальних служб України та громадських організацій.
ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ УМОВ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ВИКЛАДАЧІВ ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН ДО ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ ЗАСОБАМИ ІНТЕРАКТИВНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ
Authors: Томашевська М. O.
Published: February 2020

У статті виокремлено та обґрунтовано педагогічні умови підготовки майбутніх викладачів педагогічних дисциплін до професійної взаємодії засобами інтерактивних технологій навчання у закладах вищої освіти. Автором доведено, що до умов реалізації зазначеного феномена належать: мотивація майбутніх викладачів педагогічних дисциплін до інтерактивної взаємодії в освітньому процесі, створення ситуації успіху; створення професійно-інтерактивного середовища на основі впровадження спецкурсу «Професійна взаємодія в освітньому процесі закладу вищої освіти» та збагачення навчального змісту педагогічних дисциплін щодо змісту, сутності та структури професійної взаємодії; організація рефлексивної діяльності студентів для самоаналізу готовності до професійної взаємодії. Проаналізовано і узагальнено основні підходи до висвітлення поняття «педагогічні умови» в психолого-педагогічній та методичній літературі. Визначено та теоретично обґрунтовано педагогічні умови, які забезпечують ефективність формування готовності майбутніх викладачів педагогічних дисциплін до професійної взаємодії. Доведено, що педагогічні умови підвищення ефективності підготовки майбутніх викладачів педагогічних дисциплін до професійної взаємодії засобами інтерактивних технологій навчання – це фактори, які пов’язані з професійною підготовкою майбутніх викладачів та спрямовані на формування у них готовності до здійснення професійної взаємодії в освітньому процесі. Автором надано детальний опис кожної умови та шляхи їхньої реалізації.

Ключові слова: підготовка майбутніх викладачів педагогічних дисциплін; педагогічні умови; засоби інтерактивних технологій; професійна взаємодія; готовність.
SYSTEM OF PREPARATION OF FUTURE FRONTIER GUARDS FOR PROFESSIONAL INTERACTION
Authors: Тушко К. Ю.
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of readiness of future specialist for professional interaction. The focus that the interaction is both a process and a result. The main methodological approaches to the problem of professional interaction are listed: synergetic, axiological, competent, active, etc. There was analyzed the level of urgency of the problem of the ability of a specialist frontier guard to professional interaction. Due to the analysis of scientific psychology and pedagogical, philosophical literature it was proved that the phenomenon of professional interaction has not been investigated in the field of higher military education.

Due to the analysis of the scientific works of specialists of border authority and the use of the system approach, there was built a system of preparation of future frontier guards for professional interaction. There was presented and disclosed the content of the main elements of such system (pedagogical conditions, subjects and objects, etc.). There were characterized the vertical and horizontal structures of the abovementioned system. The important characteristics of the system of preparation of frontier guards for professional interaction are listed: control and passing of vehicles and persons; engineering and technical equipment of the border, organization and performance of border control; cessation of illegal movement of vehicles and persons across the state border; coherence of the activity with military units and law enforcement institutions concerning border protection; performance of operational and intelligence activities; implementation of information-analytical and prospecting-investigative procedures for ensuring the integrity of state borders; participation in counteraction of criminal formations of various kinds.

Key words: Interaction, system, complex, elements, professional cooperation, professional preparation, future frontier guards, State Border Service, border authority, control and protection of the border.
Challenges of Kidney transplantation: Cadaver Donor
Authors: Bhuiyan AKM Zamanul Islam
Published: February 2020

Abstract Not Available
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 14, No. 2, July 2011 p.42-43
Uji Aktivitas Antikolesterol Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gedi (Abelmoschus Manihot L. Medik) Secara In Vitro
Authors: Ilyas Andi Nurjayanti , Rahmawati Rahmawati , Widiastuti Harti
Published: February 2020

Perubahan gaya hidup antara lain pola makan menyebabkan pola makan tradisional bergeser ke pola makan barat seperti fast food yang banyak mengandung kalori, lemak dan kolesterol. Salah satu tumbuhan yang sering digunakan masyarakat sebagai obat yaitu gedi (Abelmoschus Manihot (L.) Medik). Daun gedi (Abelmoschus Manihot (L.) Medik) secara empiris digunakan untuk mengobati sakit ginjal, menurunkan kolesterol, dan maag. Daun gedi (Abelmoschus Manihot (L.) Medik) mengandung senyawa berkhasiat flavonoid yang dapat digunakan sebagai penurun kolesterol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas antikolesterol ekstrak etanol daun gedi (Abelmoschus Manihot (L.) Medik) secara in vitro serta menentukan nilai EC50. Sampel diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% dengan % rendamen ekstrak yang diperoleh 9.149%. Ekstrak yang diperoleh dianalisis aktivitas antikolesterol dengan metode Lieberman-Burchard pereaksi asam asetat anhidrat dan asam sulfat pekat dengan menggunakan pengukuran spektrofotometer UV-Vis dengan panjang gelombang maksimum 666.97 nm. Ekstrak etanol daun gedi (Abelmoschus Manihot (L.) Medik) memiliki aktivitas antikolesterol secara in vitro. Nilai EC50 ekstrak etanol daun gedi (Abelmoschus Manihot (L.) Medik) yaitu sebesar 5007.5 ppm. Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa pada konsentrasi 5007.5 ppm dapat menurunkan 50% dari kolesterol awal. Disarankan menggunakan ekstrak etanol daun gedi sebagai terapi medis.
Review of Post-registration Changes in the Life Cycle of Сholera Bivalent Chemical Vaccine (Review)
Authors: Shulgina I. V. , Lobovikova O. A. , Voloh O. A. , Gromova O. V. , Nikiforov A. K. , Komissarov A. V. , Demchenko V. A. , Fes’kova A. S. , Galetova S. S. , Mironova N. P. , Pavlova V. I.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The inevitable of post-registration variations due to the improvement of production processes and quality control related to the integration of the modern technological solutions, replacement of equipment, suppliers of raw, consumables and packaging materials, improvement of form release or composition, administrative changes, as well as obtaining new data on clinical efficacy and safety of immunobiological medicinal products (IMP) during post-marketing studies.

Text. The purpose of this work is to analyze the post-registration changes in the life cycle of IMP «Сholera bivalent chemical Vaccine» produced by Russian State anti-plague Research Institute «Microbe», reflecting the harmonization of the documents of the registration dossier with the innovations of the Russian legislation, the optimization of production and quality control. First of all, the changes made to the registration documentation for IMP concerned the updating of the dossier in accordance with the adopted Federal laws and Resolutions of the government of the Russian Federation. The following changes related to the optimization of methods for controlling the limit content of impurities of substances used at different stages of antigen production. Also, the changes were associated with the improvement of consumer properties of the drug, namely the introduction of modern polymer packaging and several drug’s form release, convenient for use in practical health care institutions. The latest change of Pharmacopoeia enterprise article (PEA) R N001465/01-111119 regulates the application of identification means in the form of a two-dimensional bar code (QR-code) on the packaging of medicines, which is due to compliance with the requirements of article 67 «Information on medicines. The system of monitoring the movement of medicines» Federal law N 61 «Оn medicines circulation».

Conclusion. Maintaining the required level of quality of IMP when changing production technology or control requires a comprehensive analysis of the proposed changes in order to make them in the documents of the registration dossier. At the same time harmonization of documents of the registration dossier with novelties of the Russian legislation is a necessary condition for implementation of production activity within the legal field.
Physical and Chemical Properties and Methods of Control of Pantoprazol Sodium Sesquihydrate (Review)
Authors: Shelekhova V. A. , Savelyeva K. R. , Polyakov S. V. , Shestakov V. N.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. Pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate is a proton pump inhibitor. This substance is used in the treatment of peptic ulcer of the duodenum or stomach in the acute phase, including those associated with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Text. Pantoprazole is sodium 5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-[(RS)-[(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl]benzimidazol-1-ide sesquihydrate in its structure. The substance is readily soluble in water and ethyl alcohol. The identification of pantoprazole is confirmed by infrared absorption spectrophotometry, as well as by a positive reaction to sodium ion. For the assay of this substance chemical and physico-chemical methods are used. The first group of methods includes titration in a non-aqueous medium with perchloric acid and permanganatometry. Physico-chemical methods used for pantoprazole assay are spectrophotometry and HPLC. The most commonly used method is direct spectrophotometry associated with the measurement of optical density at a wavelength of the maximum absorption of pantoprazole in various solvents. In addition, spectrophotometric methods of assay are known, based on the study of the absorption of colored pantoprazode reaction products. The derivative spectrophotometry is used for the analysis of its preparations. The control of the content of impurities and pantoprazole in the substance and its dosage forms is carried out, as a rule, using HPLC.

Conclusion. An analysis of the literature has shown that this substance is unstable. Therefore, this feature of pantoprazole must be considered when choosing excipients when developing a dosage form. The preferred method for analyzing pantoprazole preparations is HPLC, since it is possible to determine the substance in the presence of other compounds, which will allow one to control the quantitative content and stability of pantoprazole in the preparation.
Validation of Method for Mercury Impurities Determination in Protamine Sulfate by Stripping Voltammetry
Authors: Kim N. O. , Ivanovskaja E. A.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The article presents the results of the validation of our developed method – stripping voltammetry (SVA) used for mercury impurities determination in protamine sulfate. Procedure was validated in terms of specificity, accuracy, precision (repetability and intermediate precision), and LLOQ. To confirm the results of the SVA method, we choose as comparative analyzes for mercury content determination in protamine sulfate generally accepted methods: atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), and the pharmacopeia method according to the European Pharmacopoeia.

Aim. Validation of method developed for mercury impurities determination in protamine sulphate by stripping voltammetry.

Materials and methods. Protamine sulfate solution for injection 10 mg/mL (Novosibhimpharm», Novosibirsk, Russia) was used as a study object. The method of stripping voltammetry was performed at TA-4 semi-automatic analyzer (Tomanalit, Tomsk) with VALabTx software included. At the A. V. Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS) atomic absorption spectroscopy was perfomed. At the Pacific State University was carried out X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. We carried out the pharmacopeia method in conjunction with «Novosibhimpharm» factory.

Results and discussion. We validated the developed method for accuracy and precision. We evaluated the repetability by 10 measurements; the coefficient of variation was 7.8. We tested the intermediate precision for six measurements; the coefficient of variation was 7.9 and 7.4 for analyst № 1 and analyst № 2, respectively. According to our methodology, the mercury impurities content in protamine sulfate is 0.03 ppm. We compared our results with other generally accepted methods for the mercury determination in organic objects. When determining mercury by the AAS method, the result was ≤0.5 ppm, with XRF – 0.1 ppm. Pharmacopeia method results cannot be reliable due to the lack of repeatability.

Conclusion. We validated the previously developed method for mercury impurities determination in protamine sulfate by stripping voltammetry. The results of our method are comparable with the results of other methods, such as AAS and XRF. That Therefore stripping voltammetry can be used in quality control of protamine drug products.
Seven Years of Radionuclide Laboratory at IMC – Important Achievements
Authors: HRUBÝ M. , KUČKA J. , PÁNEK J. , ŠTĚPÁNEK P.
Published: February 2020

For many important research topics in polymer science the use of radionuclides brings significant benefits concerning nanotechnology, polymer drug delivery systems, tissue engineering etc. This contribution describes important achievements of the radionuclide laboratory at Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (IMC) in the area of polymers for biomedical applications. Particular emphasis will be given to water-soluble polymer carriers of radionuclides, thermoresponsive polymer radionuclide carriers, thermoresponsive polymers for local brachytherapy, polymer scaffolds modified with (radiolabeled) peptides and polymer copper chelators for the therapy of Wilson´s disease.
Pengaruh Penerapan Strategi Graphic Organizer terhadap Kemampuan Menganalisis Cerita Dongeng pada Kelas IV SDN 37 Pekanbaru
Authors: Sinaga Fatimah Ully Artha
Published: February 2020

Graphic organizer is a strategy that cordinates ideas and cooncepts into visual form. The purpose of this research was to determine the ability of students to analyze fairy tales using graphic organizer strategies.The research methd used is quasi experimental research.The ability of students to analyze fairy tales using graphic organizer can be proven from results of t-test with signifikan level of 5% ( 95% degrees of confidence) obtained t-counts (7,875)>t tables (2,080) and sig (0,019) <0,05. The value of t-count>t-table or sig.<0,05 shos that the ability to analyze fairytale stories of the two groups is significantly different. This is also supported differences in the average value of the posttest results of analyzing the students fairy tale in the experimental group anda the control group.the experimental group got an average value of 94,48, while the controol group obtained an average value of 62,30, so that it could be conluded that there was a significant influence on the use of a graphic organizerstrategy on the ability to analyze fairytale stories in grade IV SDN 37 Pekanbaru.
Ivan Franko’s publications on slavic issues in “Kurier Lwowski”
Authors: Шимонік Данута
Published: February 2020

Ivan Franko’s publications on slavic issues in “Kurier Lwowski”

The article deals with the series of texts by Ivan Franko on the subject of panslavism, or more specifically the Slavic question, published in 1888 in the several issues of “Kurier Lwowski”. Franko presents his understanding of the contemporary political situation and speaks about panslavism in this context, relating the trend to “the flashes of the national feelings” of the Slavs. Penetrating the essence of the movement, the writer and publicist emphasizes the presence of two different currents in it: centralism (Muscovite) and federalism. The Ukrainian writer is sympathetic to the latter that provides for the opportunity of uniting the Slavic tribes in order to defend their common interests and includes the principle of mutual respect and preservation of each national unit’s traditions. The writer supports his position with such authorities as Mykola Kostomarov, Mykailo Drahomanov, and others. Franko writes a lot about the role of the Slavophile Brotherhood of Cyril and Methodius, founded by Kostomarov, and similarity of its program to the posterior Drahomanov’s one. Following the thoughts of historians, Franko emphasizes that Slavic peoples feel the need for “arranging the mutual relationship” because they share common interests. The most important issue for the Slavs, according to the writer and journalist, is the freedom of every nation, now limited, in particular by “tsarist despotism”. “The Slavs can create power — not dangerous to the world, because there is no need in threatening anyone, but sufficient to secure each national individuality and the greatest freedom of national and cultural development”, writes the author of the series. Franko dedicates the final series of texts to the Slovaks and the Czechs.
INFLUENCE OF SUBSTITUTES ON THE RATE OF REACTION OF SUBSTITUTED ANILINES WITH A BENZOIC ACID, CATALYZED BY POLYBUTOXYTITANATES
Authors: Shteynberg Leon
Published: February 2020

The catalytic production of benzanilide by the interaction of benzoic acid with aniline is an important model process recently intensively developed in the field of the concept of «green chemistry», direct catalytic amidation, and its study is an urgent scientific and practical task.  To solve this problem, the effect of substituents in the aniline core on the catalysis by polybut-oxytitanates on acylation of substituted  anilines  by benzoic  acid  was  studied. The rate constants of this the second-order reaction (the first with respect to substituted aniline and benzoic acid; boiling ortho-xylene, 145 °С, nitrogen flow)  are well correlated according to the Hammett equation with three straight lines for individual groups of substituents with ρ = –0.86 (electron donors), 1.12 (weak electron acceptors),  –2.83 (strong  electron  acceptors). To explain this dependence, a variant of the catalytic amidation mechanism is proposed, which takes into account the formation of titanium butoxybenzoates in the first minutes of the reaction — a true  amidation  catalyst;  coordination (polarization of the carbonyl bond in the interaction with the catalyst titanium atom) and acid (polarization of the carbonyl bond in the interaction with the complex of the formed substitu- ted benzanilide with the titanium butoxyben-zoates)  catalysis   routes. Inhibition of the catalytic reaction is associated with the presence in the mass of water, relative excess of  benzoic acid and a possible amide–imide tautomerism of substituted benzanilides, accompanied by the interaction of the imide form of the latter with titanium  butoxybenzoates, which does not lead to the route of acid catalysis. The rate constants for catalytic acylation of substituted anilines, containing  electron-donating substituents, with benzoic acid in the  air are correlated according to the Hammett equation by a straight line segment with ρ = 0.99, which is associated with the predominant influence  of  the  oxidation  processes  of  the  corresponding   amines. Catalytic acylation under comparable conditions of substituted anilines, containing electron-withdrawing substituents, oxidation processes due to atmospheric  oxygen  have  little  effect  on.
Displaying Spatial Epistemologies on Web GIS: Using Visual Materials from the Chinese Local Gazetteers as an Example
Authors: Lin Nung-yao , Chen Shih-pei , Wang Sean , Yeh Calvin
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we introduce a web GIS platform created expressly for exploring and researching a set of 63,467 historical maps and illustrations extracted from 4,000 titles of Chinese local gazetteers. We layer these images with a published, geo-referenced collection of Land Survey Maps of China (1903–1948), which includes the earliest large-scale maps of major cities and regions in China that are produced with modern cartographic techniques. By bringing together historical illustrations depicting spatial configurations of localities and the earliest modern cartographic maps, researchers of Chinese history can study the different spatial epistemologies represented in both collections. We report our workflow for creating this web GIS platform, starting from identifying and extracting visual materials from local gazetteers, tagging them with keywords and categories to facilitate content search, to georeferencing them based on their source locations. We also experimented with neural networks to train a tagger with positive results. Finally, we display them in the web GIS platform with two modes, Images in Map (IIM) and Maps in Map (MIM), and with content- and location-based filtering. These features together enable researchers easy and quick exploration and comparison of these two large sets of geospatial and visual materials of China.
Being Human in an Algorithmically Controlled World
Authors: Onsrud Harlan , Campbell James
Published: February 2020

Most people in developed countries, and many in developing countries, interact with Artificial Intelligence (AI) developed algorithms on an almost daily basis, yet very few are aware of those interactions or of their effect upon people's daily lives. 1 Using machine learning, automated reasoning, and other forms of AI, algorithms deployed in information systems take actions according to criteria set up by software developers to maximize profits regardless of the overall effects on the autonomy or welfare of individuals or on society as a whole. 2 Those criteria almost always involve location-based and place-based data. In this paper, we consider effects of those computational tools on individual choice and autonomy and on societal structure from the humanistic perspectives of philosophy and jurisprudence. Specifically, we: • review contemporaneous literature and quantitative economic evidence on the effects of pervasive tracking and algorithmic controls on individuals and on society in general, • summarize a range of suggested solutions for lessening the adverse effects, and • describe and expand upon selected legal solutions from the literature.
Apuntes sobre la posición de la Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América en la coyuntura política de Venezuela
Authors: Silva Querales Nadeska
Published: February 2020

Recebido: 15/10/2019

Aprovado: 27/11/2019

Este artículo se plantea comprender algunos aspectos de la crisis política e institucional que confronta Venezuela en la coyuntura de los años 2018 y 2019. La crisis multidimensional ha derivado en un conflicto político entre el Poder Legislativo y el Poder Ejecutivo, lo cual impide la unicidad del Estado para revertir progresivamente la crisis económica y social en el marco de una gobernabilidad democrática que incorpore a los actores sociales. En segundo lugar, se pretende dar cuenta de la posición expresada por la Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América – Tratado de Comercio de los Pueblos (ALBA-TCP) frente a la realidad que confronta Venezuela en el ámbito nacional e internacional.

Palabras-clave: ALBA-TCP, conflicto político, integración latinoamericana, Venezuela.
A Revolução Bolivariana e a questão democrática na Venezuela
Authors: Scheidt Eduardo
Published: February 2020

Recebido: 15/10/2019

Aprovado: 27/11/2019

Neste artigo, analisamos as transformações da democracia impulsionadas pela Revolução Bolivariana. Nos primeiros anos do governo chavista, o processo procurou criar e impulsionar mecanismos de democracia participativa, complementando a democracia representativa. Num segundo momento, o projeto se radicalizou com o discurso do “socialismo do século XXI” e do Estado comunal, fundamentado exclusivamente na democracia direta e participativa, estimulando-se a construção dos Conselhos Comunais e das comunas. A partir de 2013, com a morte de Chávez e o início do governo de Maduro, iniciou-se um período de gravíssima crise econômica, aumento das pressões internas e externas, acirramento dos conflitos políticos e sociais, inviabilizando do pleno funcionamento das instituições democráticas. A democracia venezuelana, assim, entrou num período de crise.

 Palavras chaves: Venezuela, democracia, Revolução Bolivariana, chavismo.
A Campaign to Improve Seasonal Influenza Immunization Compliance in a University Nursing Health and Wellness Clinic: A Case Study
Authors: Reyes Helen , Loftin Collette , Hartin Vicki , Smoot Teresa , Nelson J Dirk , Correa Priscella , Dowell Cynthia
Published: February 2020

Seasonal influenza can result in enormous physical and economic burdens. Healthy People 2020 report that substantially fewer than the recommended 70% in most age groups actually receive the immunization (Bekkat-Berkani & Romano-Massotti, 2018). The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether the WTAMU Nursing Health and Wellness Clinic seasonal flu campaign was considered effective and advantageous to those who received it on campus. A brief survey was developed for distribution to those who received the influenza immunization during the 2018-2019 flu seasons. Making the flu vaccine convenient and inexpensive/free has been an effective mechanism to improve immunization acceptance in our community. Response rate for the survey was 61% or 106 individuals with 44%, reporting that they would not have sought out the seasonal flu immunization had it not been made available on the university campus. More importantly, when the 106 participants were asked where on campus they received their immunization, only 41% physically came to the nursing clinic, while 59% were provided the vaccine in their office or departmental workplace. Of those individuals receiving immunization in their office or workplace, 38% reported that had it not been provided in this setting, they would not have gone to the nursing clinic or elsewhere to be immunized. Of those responding to the survey, 61% reported having received an influenza immunization during the 2017-2018 seasons. The remaining 39% of respondents either could not recall or denied receiving the vaccine. However, when asked about their intentions to be immunized in the 2019-2020 season, 90% of the participants related positive intention to receive the seasonal flu immunization.
The Disturbed Iron Phenotype of Tumor Cells and Macrophages in Renal Cell Carcinoma Influences Tumor Growth
Authors: Schnetz Matthias , Meier Julia K. , Rehwald Claudia , Mertens Christina , Urbschat Anja , Tomat Elisa , Akam Eman A. , Baer Patrick , Roos Frederik C. , Brüne Bernhard , Jung Michaela
Published: February 2020

Accumulating evidence suggests that iron homeostasis is disturbed in tumors. We aimed at clarifying the distribution of iron in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Considering the pivotal role of macrophages for iron homeostasis and their association with poor clinical outcome, we investigated the role of macrophage-secreted iron for tumor progression by applying a novel chelation approach. We applied flow cytometry and multiplex-immunohistochemistry to detect iron-dependent markers and analyzed iron distribution with atomic absorption spectrometry in patients diagnosed with RCC. We further analyzed the functional significance of iron by applying a novel extracellular chelator using RCC cell lines as well as patient-derived primary cells. The expression of iron-regulated genes was significantly elevated in tumors compared to adjacent healthy tissue. Iron retention was detected in tumor cells, whereas tumor-associated macrophages showed an iron-release phenotype accompanied by enhanced expression of ferroportin. We found increased iron amounts in extracellular fluids, which in turn stimulated tumor cell proliferation and migration. In vitro, macrophage-derived iron showed pro-tumor functions, whereas application of an extracellular chelator blocked these effects. Our study provides new insights in iron distribution and iron-handling in RCC. Chelators that specifically scavenge iron in the extracellular space confirmed the importance of macrophage-secreted iron in promoting tumor growth.
Addressing Abrupt PV Disturbances, and Mitigating Net Load Profile’s Ramp and Peak Demands, Using Distributed Storage Devices
Authors: Sharma Roshan , Karimi-Ghartemani Masoud
Published: February 2020

At high penetration level of photovoltaic (PV) generators, their abrupt disturbances (caused by moving clouds) cause voltage and frequency perturbations and increase system losses. Meanwhile, the daily irradiation profile increases the slope in the net-load profile, for example, California duck curve, which imposes the challenge of quickly bringing on-line conventional generators in the early evening hours. Accordingly, this paper presents an approach to achieve two objectives: (1) address abrupt disturbances caused by PV generators, and (2) shape the net load profile. The approach is based on employing battery energy storage (BES) systems coupled with PV generators and equipped with proper controls. The proposed BES addresses these two issues by realizing flexible power ramp-up and ramp-down rates by the combined PV and BES. This paper presents the principles, modeling and control design aspects of the proposed system. A hybrid dc/ac study system is simulated and the effectiveness of the proposed BES in reducing the impacts of disturbances on both the dc and ac subsystems is verified. It is then shown that the proposed PV-BES modifies the daily load profile to mitigate the required challenge for quickly bringing on-line synchronous generators.
Involuntary Pregnancy Loss and Nursing Care: A Meta-Ethnography
Authors: Fernández-Basanta Sara , Movilla-Fernández María-Jesús , Coronado Carmen , Llorente-García Haizea , Bondas Terese
Published: February 2020

Healthcare professionals find the care of parents following an involuntary pregnancy loss stressful and challenging. They also feel unprepared to support bereaved parents. The challenging nature of this support may have a personal impact on health professionals and the care provided to parents. The aim of this meta-ethnography is to synthesise nurses’ and midwives’ experiences of caring for parents following an involuntary pregnancy loss. A meta-ethnography of ten studies from five countries was carried out. GRADE CERQual was assessed to show the degree of confidence in the review findings. An overarching metaphor, caring in darkness, accompanied by five major themes provided interpretive explanations about the experiences of nurses and midwives in caring for involuntary pregnancy losses: (1) Forces that turn off the light, (2) strength to go into darkness, (3) avoiding stumbling, (4) groping in darkness, and (5) wounded after dealing with darkness. Nursing staff dealt with organizational difficulties, which encouraged task-focused care and avoidance of encounters and emotional connection with parents. However, nurses and midwives might go beyond in their care when they had competencies, support, and a strong value base, despite the personal cost involved.
Anion Recognition by Neutral and Cationic Iodotriazole Halogen Bonding Scaffolds
Authors: Iribarren Iñigo , Sánchez-Sanz Goar , Trujillo Cristina
Published: February 2020

A computational study of the iodide discrimination by different neutral and cationic iodotriazole halogen bonding hosts was carried out by means of Density Functional Theory. The importance of the size of the scaffold was highlighted and its impact observed in the binding energies and intermolecular X⋯I distances. Larger scaffolds were found to reduce the electronic repulsion and increase the overlap between the halide electron lone pair and the corresponding I-C antibonding orbital, increasing the halogen bonding interactions. Additionally, the planarity plays an important role within the interaction, and can be tuned using hydroxyl to perform intramolecular hydrogen bonds (IMHB) between the scaffold and the halogen atoms. Structures with IMHB exhibit stronger halogen bond interactions, as evidenced by the shorter intramolecular distances, larger electron density values at the bond critical point and more negative binding energies.
Synthesis, Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of 5-Trifluoromethyl-2-formylphenylboronic Acid
Authors: Adamczyk-Woźniak Agnieszka , Gozdalik Jan T. , Wieczorek Dorota , Madura Izabela D. , Kaczorowska Ewa , Brzezińska Ewa , Sporzyński Andrzej , Lipok Jacek
Published: February 2020

2-Formylphenylboronic acids display many interesting features, not only from synthetic but also from an application as well as structural points of view. 5-Trifluoromethyl-2-formyl phenylboronic acid has been synthesized and characterized in terms of its structure and properties. The presence of an electron-withdrawing substituent results in a considerable rise in the acidity in comparison with its analogues. In some solutions, the title compound isomerizes with formation of the corresponding 3-hydroxybenzoxaborole. Taking into account the probable mechanism of antifungal action of benzoxaboroles, which blocks the cytoplasmic leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) of the microorganism, docking studies with the active site of the enzymes have been carried out. It showed possible binding of the cyclic isomer into the binding pocket of Candida albicans LeuRS, similar to that of the recently approved benzoxaborole antifungal drug (AN2690, Tavaborole, Kerydin). In case of Escherichia coli LeuRS, the opened isomer displays a much higher inhibition constant in comparison with the cyclic one. The antimicrobial activity of the title compound was also investigated in vitro, showing moderate action against Candida albicans. The compound reveals higher activity against Aspergillus niger as well as bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus. In case of Bacillus cereus, the determined Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value is lower than that of AN2690 (Tavaborole). The results confirm potential of 2-formylphenylboronic acids as antibacterial agents and give a hint of their possible mechanism of action.
Carbon-Supported Raney Nickel Catalyst for Acetone Hydrogenation with High Selectivity
Authors: Lu Shuliang , Wu Jiajia , Peng Hui , Chen Yong
Published: February 2020

Catalysts with high selectivity play key roles in green chemistry. In this work, a granular Raney Ni catalyst using carbon as support (Raney Ni/C) was developed by mixing phenolic resin with Ni-Al alloy, conducting carbonization at high temperature, and leaching with alkaline liquor. The as-prepared Raney Ni/C catalyst is suitable for use in fix-bed reactors. Moreover, it shows high activity and selectivity for catalytic acetone hydrogenation. For instance, at the reaction temperature of 120 °C, the conversion of acetone can reach up to 99.9% and the main byproduct methyl isobutylcarbinol (MIBC) content can be diminished to 0.02 wt%. The Raney Ni/C may represent a new type of shaped Raney metal catalysts, which are important fix-bed catalysts in chemical industry.
Halogenated Metabolites from the Diet of Aplysia dactylomela Rang
Authors: Palaniveloo Kishneth , Rizman-Idid Mohammed , Nagappan Thilahgavani , Abdul Razak Shariza
Published: February 2020

Invertebrates are an important source of structurally-diverse and biologically-active halogenated metabolites. The sea hare Aplysia dactylomela Rang has long been known to possess halogenated metabolites of dietary origin that are used as a self-defense mechanism. The compounds from Aplysia dactylomela Rang are comprised mainly of terpenoids and small percentages of C-15 acetogenins, indoles, macrolides, sterols and alkaloids with potent cytotoxic, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties. For decades the metabolites discovered have been investigated for their medical and pharmaceutical applications, so much so that the ecological role of the metabolites has been overlooked. The interaction between Aplysia dactylomela Rang and its diet that is comprised of seaweed can provide information into the distribution and diversity of the seaweed, the application of bioaccumulated secondary metabolites as part of its defense mechanism and the potential roles of these metabolites for adaptation in the marine environment. This paper compiles the diversity of halogenated secondary metabolites documented from Aplysia dactylomela Rang.
Excited State Dynamics of 8-Vinyldeoxyguanosine in Aqueous Solution Studied by Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Quantum Mechanical Calculations
Authors: Martinez-Fernandez Lara , Gustavsson Thomas , Diederichsen Ulf , Improta Roberto
Published: February 2020

The fluorescent base guanine analog, 8-vinyl-deoxyguanosine (8vdG), is studied in solution using a combination of optical spectroscopies, notably femtosecond fluorescence upconversion and quantum chemical calculations, based on time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and including solvent effect by using a mixed discrete-continuum model. In all investigated solvents, the fluorescence is very long lived (3–4 ns), emanating from a stable excited state minimum with pronounced intramolecular charge-transfer character. The main non-radiative decay channel features a sizeable energy barrier and it is affected by the polarity and the H-bonding properties of the solvent. Calculations provide a picture of dynamical solvation effects fully consistent with the experimental results and show that the photophysical properties of 8vdG are modulated by the orientation of the vinyl group with respect to the purine ring, which in turn depends on the solvent. These findings may have importance for the understanding of the fluorescence properties of 8vdG when incorporated in a DNA helix.
Encapsulation of Variabilin in Stearic Acid Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Enhances Its Anticancer Activity in Vitro
Authors: Lerata Mookho S. , D’Souza Sarah , Sibuyi Nicole R.S. , Dube Admire , Meyer Mervin , Samaai Toufiek , Antunes Edith M. , Beukes Denzil R.
Published: February 2020

The use of natural products as chemotherapeutic agents is well established; however, many of these are associated with undesirable side effects, including high toxicity and instability. Furthermore, the development of drug resistant cancers makes the search for new anticancer lead compounds a priority. In this study, the extraction of an Ircinia sp. sponge resulted in the isolation of an inseparable mixture of (7E,12E,20Z)-variabilin (1) and (7E,12Z,20Z)-variabilin (2) and structural assignment was established using standard 1D and 2D NMR experiments. The cytotoxic activity of the compound against three solid tumour cell lines displayed moderate anti-cancer activity through apoptosis, together with a general lack of selectivity among the cancer cell lines studied. Structural assignment and cytotoxic evaluation of variabilin was complicated and further aggravated by its inherent instability. Variabilin was therefore incorporated into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and the stability and cytotoxic activity evaluated. Encapsulation of variabilin into SLNs led to a marked improvement in stability of the natural product coupled with enhanced cytotoxic activity, particularly against the prostate (PC-3) cancer cell line, with IC50 values of 87.74 μM vs. 8.94 μM for the variabilin alone and Var-SLN, respectively. Both variabilin and Var-SLN revealed comparable activity to Ceramide against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, revealing IC50 values of 34.8, 38.1 and 33.6 μM for variabilin, Var-SLN and Ceramide, respectively. These samples revealed no activity (>100 μM for all) against HT-29 (colon) cell lines and MCF-12 (normal breast) cell lines. Var-SLNs induced 47, 48 and 59% of apoptosis in HT-29, MCF-7 and PC-3 cells, respectively, while variabilin alone revealed 38, 29 and 29% apoptotic cells for HT-29, MCF-7 and PC-3 cell lines, respectively. The encapsulation of natural products into SLNs may provide a promising approach to overcome some of the issues hindering the development of new anticancer drugs from natural products.
Analytical Technique Optimization on the Detection of β-cyclocitral in Microcystis Species
Authors: Yamashita Ryuji , Bober Beata , Kanei Keisuke , Arii Suzue , Tsuji Kiyomi , Harada Ken-ichi
Published: February 2020

β-Cyclocitral, specifically produced by Microcystis, is one of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from cyanobacteria and has a lytic activity. It is postulated that β-cyclocitral is a key compound for regulating the occurrence of cyanobacteria and related microorganisms in an aquatic environment. β-Cyclocitral is sensitively detected when a high density of the cells is achieved from late summer to autumn. Moreover, it is expected to be involved in changes in the species composition of cyanobacteria in a lake. Although several analysis methods for β-cyclocitral have already been reported, β-cyclocitral could be detected using only solid phase micro-extraction (SPME), whereas it could not be found at all using the solvent extraction method in a previous study. In this study, we investigated why β-cyclocitral was detected using only SPME GC/MS. Particularly, three operations in SPME, i.e., extraction temperature, sample stirring rate, and the effect of salt, were examined for the production of β-cyclocitral. Among these, heating (60 °C) was critical for the β-cyclocitral formation. Furthermore, acidification with a 1-h storage was more effective than heating when comparing the obtained amounts. The present results indicated that β-cyclocitral did not exist as the intact form in cells, because it was formed by heating or acidification of the resulting intermediates during the analysis by SPME. The obtained results would be helpful to understand the formation and role of β-cyclocitral in an aquatic environment.
Ginseng Extract Ameliorates the Negative Physiological Effects of Heat Stress by Supporting Heat Shock Response and Improving Intestinal Barrier Integrity: Evidence from Studies with Heat-Stressed Caco-2 Cells, C. elegans and Growing Broilers
Authors: Sandner Georg , Mueller Andreas S. , Zhou Xiaodan , Stadlbauer Verena , Schwarzinger Bettina , Schwarzinger Clemens , Wenzel Uwe , Maenner Klaus , van der Klis Jan Dirk , Hirtenlehner Stefan , Aumiller Tobias , Weghuber Julian
Published: February 2020

Climatic changes and heat stress have become a great challenge in the livestock industry, negatively affecting, in particular, poultry feed intake and intestinal barrier malfunction. Recently, phytogenic feed additives were applied to reduce heat stress effects on animal farming. Here, we investigated the effects of ginseng extract using various in vitro and in vivo experiments. Quantitative real-time PCR, transepithelial electrical resistance measurements and survival assays under heat stress conditions were carried out in various model systems, including Caco-2 cells, Caenorhabditis elegans and jejunum samples of broilers. Under heat stress conditions, ginseng treatment lowered the expression of HSPA1A (Caco-2) and the heat shock protein genes hsp-1 and hsp-16.2 (both in C. elegans), while all three of the tested genes encoding tight junction proteins, CLDN3, OCLN and CLDN1 (Caco-2), were upregulated. In addition, we observed prolonged survival under heat stress in Caenorhabditis elegans, and a better performance of growing ginseng-fed broilers by the increased gene expression of selected heat shock and tight junction proteins. The presence of ginseng extract resulted in a reduced decrease in transepithelial resistance under heat shock conditions. Finally, LC-MS analysis was performed to quantitate the most prominent ginsenosides in the extract used for this study, being Re, Rg1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd. In conclusion, ginseng extract was found to be a suitable feed additive in animal nutrition to reduce the negative physiological effects caused by heat stress.
Honey as Source of Nitrogen Compounds: Aromatic Amino Acids, Free Nucleosides and Their Derivatives
Authors: Kuś Piotr
Published: February 2020

The content of selected major nitrogen compounds including nucleosides and their derivatives was evaluated in 75 samples of seven varieties of honey (heather, buckwheat, black locust, goldenrod, canola, fir, linden) by targeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector - high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-QqTOF-MS) and determined by UHPLC-DAD. The honey samples contained nucleosides, nucleobases and their derivatives (adenine: 8.9 to 18.4 mg/kg, xanthine: 1.2 to 3.3 mg/kg, uridine: 17.5 to 51.2 mg/kg, guanosine: 2.0 to 4.1 mg/kg; mean amounts), aromatic amino acids (tyrosine: 7.8 to 263.9 mg/kg, phenylalanine: 9.5 to 64.1 mg/kg; mean amounts). The amounts of compounds significantly differed between some honey types. For example, canola honey contained a much lower amount of uridine (17.5 ± 3.9 mg/kg) than black locust where it was most abundant (51.2 ± 7.8 mg/kg). The presence of free nucleosides and nucleobases in different honey varieties is reported first time and supports previous findings on medicinal activities of honey reported in the literature as well as traditional therapy and may contribute for their explanation. This applies, e.g., to the topical application of honey in herpes infections, as well as its beneficial activity on cognitive functions as nootropic and neuroprotective, in neuralgia and is also important for the understanding of nutritional values of honey.