bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid and simultaneous determination of tetrabromobisphenol A and hexabromocyclododecane diastereoisomers in soil by matrix solid-phase dispersion with bamboo charcoal as dispersive adsorbent
Authors: Yuan Jin-Peng , Cui Zhao-Jie , Cheng Chuan-Ge , Wang Xiao-Li , Wang Shan-Shan , Song Xin-Li , Li Fu-Wei
Published: March 2017

A rapid and simple analytical method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion combined with liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry has been developed by using bamboo charcoal as a dispersive adsorbent to simultaneously determine tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane diastereoisomers (HBCDs) in soil. The factors influencing the performance of the proposed method were investigated and optimized in detail, and the matrix effects were evaluated. Under optimum conditions, the proposed method showed good linearity within the range of 0.8–80 ng g−1 and limits of detection of 4–75 pg g−1 (S/N = 3). The satisfactory recoveries of TBBPA ranging from 72.8% to 92.5% and HBCDs ranging from 76.8% to 102.2% were obtained with relatively standard deviation (RSD) ranging from 3.4% to 9.8%. The proposed method has been successfully applied to analyze TBBPA and HBCDs in actual soil samples from the Yellow River Delta in China.
DISTRIBUSI DAN BIOLOGI UDANG GALAH (Macrobrahcium rosenbergii) DI SUNGAI MUSI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Utomo Agus Djoko , Said Azwar
Published: March 2017

Sungai Musi merupakan sungai terbesar di Sumatera Selatan mempunyai ekosistem yang kompleks seperti rawa banjiran.
PERKEMBANGAN AWAL LARVA KAKAP MERAH, Lutjanus sebae
Authors: Imanto Philip Teguh , Melianawati Regina
Published: March 2017

Telaah perkembangan awal larva kakap merah L. sebae dilakukan dalam kondisi laboratorium di Balai Besar Riset Perikanan Budidaya Laut
PENGARUH L-A SKORBIL.2-FOSFAT MAGNESIUM SEBAGAI SUMBER VITAMIN C TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BENIH IKAN GURAMI (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.)
Authors: Suryanti Yanti
Published: March 2017

Dalam budi daya ikan gurami, pertumbuhannya relatif lambat jika dibandingkan jenis lain' Salah satu ikan upaya unluk meningkatkan pertumbuhan adalah dengan per6aixan kualitas pakan.
Retrospective Review of Atypical Femoral Fracture in Metastatic Bone Disease Patients Receiving Denosumab Therapy
Authors: Yang Samantha Peiling , Kim Tae Won B. , Boland Patrick J. , Farooki Azeez
Published: March 2017

Background

Denosumab therapy is used to reduce skeletal-related events in metastatic bone disease (MBD). There have been reports of atypical femoral fracture (AFF) in osteoporotic patients treated with denosumab but none in the context of higher dose and more frequent denosumab therapy for MBD. The goal of this study was to assess the incidence of AFF in MBD.

Patients and Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of 253 patients who received a minimum of 12 doses of denosumab at 120 mg each for MBD. To identify patients with asymptomatic atypical stress reactions in the lateral subtrochanteric femur (which precede fractures), we reviewed the skeletal images of 66 patients who had received at least 21 doses of denosumab for AFF features.

Results

These patients received a median of 17 doses, with a median treatment duration of 23 months. There was 1 case of undiagnosed clinical AFF detected after chart review and 2 cases of subclinical atypical femoral stress reaction observed on imaging review after 23 doses of denosumab over 33 months, 28 doses over 27 months, and 21 doses over 21 months, respectively. Scout computed tomography films showed diffuse cortical thickening of diaphysis with localized periosteal reaction of lateral femoral cortex. Bone scan and magnetic resonance imaging scan of 2 patients with stress reactions confirmed the diagnosis.

Conclusion

The incidence of clinical AFF in this context is 0.4% (1/253; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1%–2.2%), and the incidence of atypical femoral stress reaction based on imaging review is 4.5% (3/66; 95% CI 1.6%–12.5%). Clinicians should be aware of the clinical prodrome (which may or may not be present) and antecedent imaging changes associated with AFF.
Role of MGMT Methylation Status at Time of Diagnosis and Recurrence for Patients with Glioblastoma: Clinical Implications
Authors: Brandes Alba A. , Franceschi Enrico , Paccapelo Alexandro , Tallini Giovanni , De Biase Dario , Ghimenton Claudio , Danieli Daniela , Zunarelli Elena , Lanza Giovanni , Silini Enrico Maria , Sturiale Carmelo , Volpin Lorenzo , Servadei Franco , Talacchi Andrea , Fioravanti Antonio , Pia Foschini Maria , Bartolini Stefania , Pession Annalisa , Ermani Mario
Published: March 2017

Background

MGMT methylation status represents a powerful prognostic factor in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). Recently, its role in recurrent tumors has also been suggested; however, few data investigating the stability of this biomarker during the clinical course of the disease are available. In this study, we evaluated the rate of change of MGMT methylation status between diagnosis and first recurrence in patients who received tumor resection for recurrent GBM.

Methods

We included patients who received temozolomide concurrent with and adjuvant to radiotherapy after diagnosis of GBM and had a second surgery performed at least 3 months after radiotherapy completion. Other eligibility criteria were age ≥18 years and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0–2. We evaluated the MGMT methylation status by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction.

Results

From our institutional data warehouse, 295 patients with recurrent GBM who underwent second surgery were evaluated. MGMT methylation status at both first and second surgery was available for 108 patients. MGMT was methylated in both surgeries in 38 patients (35.2%), while it was unmethylated in 43 patients (39.8%). We found a significant concordance between the first and the second MGMT methylation assessments (K = 0.500, p < .001), MGMT methylation being stable in 75% of the cases.

Conclusion

MGMT methylation presents relative stability during the clinical course of GBM.
Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Pilaralisib (SAR245408, XL147) in Combination with Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Patients with Solid Tumors
Authors: Wheler Jennifer , Mutch David , Lager Joanne , Castell Christelle , Liu Li , Jiang Jason , Traynor Anne M.
Published: March 2017

Lessons Learned

Despite involvement of PI3K pathway activation in tumorigenesis of solid tumors, single-agent PI3K inhibitors have shown modest clinical activity. Preclinical evidence suggests that combining PI3K pathway inhibitors and chemotherapy can enhance antitumor effects. In patients with solid tumors, the PI3K inhibitor pilaralisib had a favorable safety profile but did not enhance the antitumor activity of paclitaxel plus carboplatin. Further clinical evaluation is warranted to identify effective combination strategies with PI3K pathway inhibitors.

Background

Pilaralisib (SAR245408) is an oral, pan-class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. This phase I dose-escalation study evaluated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics of pilaralisib in capsule and tablet formulations, administered in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Methods

A 3 + 3 design was used. Pilaralisib was administered once daily (QD); paclitaxel (up to 175 mg/m2) and carboplatin (up to area under the curve [AUC] of 6) were administered on day 1 of 21-day cycles. An MTD expansion cohort of patients with endometrial carcinoma was included.

Results

Fifty-eight patients were enrolled. Six patients (10.3%) had dose-limiting toxicities, of which only rash (two patients, 3.4%) occurred in more than one patient. The MTD of pilaralisib tablets in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin was determined to be 200 mg QD. The most frequently reported adverse events (AEs) of any grade were neutropenia (67.2%) and thrombocytopenia (67.2%). PK data showed no interaction between pilaralisib and paclitaxel/carboplatin. Tumor tissue showed moderate inhibition of PI3K and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Seven of 52 evaluable patients had a partial response (PR; 13.5%).

Conclusion

Pilaralisib had a favorable safety profile but did not enhance the antitumor activity of paclitaxel plus carboplatin in solid tumors.
Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinomas: The NET G3 Subcategory Is a Reality
Authors: Fazio Nicola , Milione Massimo
Published: March 2017

This letter comments on a published review on well-differentiated grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors.
In Reply
Authors: Coriat Romain , Terris Benoît , Walter Thomas
Published: March 2017

Coriat et al. clarify data about their recently published article on gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas, specifically as related to the management of grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors.
Preparation and platelet adhesion of chitosan/PVA nanofibrous membrane
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Liu Haifang , Qin Jinmin , Yin Xueqiong , Lv Ju , Zhu Li
Published: March 2017

In this study, chitosan (CTS) dissolved in acetic acid was electrospun together with aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) solution (PVA) to prepare membranes (CTS/PVA) with nanofibers. The morphology of the membranes varied with the electrospinning conditions. High polymer concentration, high distance or high voltage was facilitative in obtaining a membrane with nanofibers. A CTS/PVA membrane with evenly distributed nanofibers (50 nm dia.) was obtained under the following conditions: 4·5 g CTS in 55 ml 27% acetic acid, 0·4 g PVA in 5 ml water (H2O), 0·1 g sodium chloride (NaCl), electrospinning voltage of 40 kV and distance of 25 cm from the injector to the collector. The water contact angle of CTS/PVA membranes increased after cross-linking with glutaraldehyde steam. Platelet adhesion measurement expressed that CTS/PVA with only nanofibers had no platelet adhesion, indicating good blood compatibility. Cross-linked CTS/PVA mats were stable while in contact with phosphate-buffered saline solution.
Realising car-free developments within compact cities
Authors: Loo Becky P. Y.
Published: March 2017

Car-free development has been discussed in different parts of the world as a sustainable mobility strategy. Nonetheless, real efforts are limited temporally, such as on annual ‘car-free days’, and spatially, such as to car-free housing in the suburbs of small- to medium-scale European cities or car-free zones within the central business districts of large cities. The experience of Discovery Bay, Hong Kong, is analysed in this paper to demonstrate that car-free development can and has happened in compact cosmopolitan cities like Hong Kong since the 1980s. The population living in this car-free development reached more than 12 000 in 2014. A virtuous cycle of car-free development, building upon people's underlying environmental and social values, can be sustained by coordinated transport and land use planning to satisfy the diverse needs and through local participation. Nonetheless, many challenges of car encroachment still lie ahead.
Corrugated bamboo as reinforcement in concrete
Authors: Khatib Abdullah , Nounu Ghassan
Published: March 2017

This study investigated improving bamboo–concrete bond by increasing mechanical interlock. Pull-out tests were used to measure the bond between bamboo and concrete. Corrugated and non-corrugated bamboo splints were tested, with four different patterns of corrugation. The effectiveness of using linseed oil for waterproofing corrugated and non-corrugated bamboo splints was also investigated. The bond stress and slip at the loaded and free ends were measured and recorded. The results show that the bamboo–concrete bond can be improved with the use of waterproofed corrugated bamboo splints. The bond achieved using waterproofed corrugated bamboo splints was comparable to the bond achieved using splints treated with expensive epoxy treatments. Although certain patterns were found to be more effective in achieving a strong bond with concrete, all the corrugation patterns with 2 mm projections achieved better results in comparison with non-corrugated splints. Linseed oil was found to be effective in improving the bond between corrugated splints and concrete.
Briefing: Agricultural pollution can be costly
Authors: Ledgerton Tony
Published: March 2017

UK environment agencies are clamping down heavily on agricultural diffuse water pollution. It's led to farmers being hit with heavy fines for contaminating rivers and water courses. This article look at ways agricultural slurry and run-off can be treated and disposed of safely.
A Liberal Actor in a Realist World: The European Union Regulatory State and the Global Political Economy of Energy
Authors: Du Plessis Willemien
Published: March 2017

This is a book review of Goldthau A and Sitter N A Liberal Actor in a Realist World The European Union Regulatory State and the Global Political Economy of Energy (Oxford University Press Oxford 2015)
Comparative study of abdominal hysterectomy and vaginal hysterectomy in non-descent cases a prospective study
Authors: Mehta Kalpana , Prakash Om , Fatehpuriya Dharmendra Singh , Verma Leena
Published: March 2017

Background: In the present times, the emphasis on minimally invasive surgery has lead to a resurgence of interest and importance of VH for non-prolapsed indications i.e. non-decent vaginal hysterectomy (NDVH) as the scar less hysterectomy. It has several benefits over abdominal hysterectomy in terms of cosmetic advantages, lesser post-operative morbidity and faster recovery. The objectives of the study was to compare and assess various factors like operative duration of surgery, intra operative blood loss, intra operative and post-operative complications, post-operative analgesia requirement, post-operative ambulation and duration of post-operative hospital stay and to put forward best route of hysterectomy.Methods: Hundred cases fulfilling, the selection criteria were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided in two groups-NDVH (non-decent vaginal hysterectomy) and abdominal hysterectomy.Results: Operative time, intra operative blood loss and post-operative morbidity was less in NDVH groups.Conclusions: Non-decent vaginal hysterectomy is a better alternative to abdominal hysterectomy in cases with benign pathology of the uterus, uterine size <14 weeks, uterus with good mobility and adequate vaginal access.
Drug prescribing pattern in acute gastroenteritis in an in-patient setting in a private hospital
Authors: Bhaveshaikh Nachiket , Sukumaran Sangita , Vyas Upal
Published: March 2017

Background: Diarrheal diseases cause significant morbidity in developing countries and are the leading cause of death in children. The study was undertaken to assess drug utilization patterns in patients with gastroenteritis in a private setting.Methods: The in-patient data records of 208 patients (96 males, 112 females) admitted with acute gastroenteritis in a private hospital in Mumbai over 2 years were analysed. WHO core drug prescribing indicators - average number of drugs per prescription, percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name, percentage of encounters resulting in prescription of an antibiotic, percentage of encounters resulting in prescription of an injection were assessed. Patient demographics and trends in use of antibiotics, antiemetics and antidiarrheals were assessed.Results: The average total number of drugs prescribed per patient was 6.33 and average number of antibiotics was 1.61. 99% of drugs were prescribed using brand names. Percentage of encounters resulting in prescription of injection was 97.11%. Cephalosporins were the most commonly used group of antimicrobials (62.5%) followed by fluroquinolones (49.03%) and antiamoebic drugs (35.58%). Diphenoxylate was the most commonly prescribed antidiarrheal drug and ondansetron was the most commonly prescribed antiemetic agent. Cephalosporins were the most commonly used antimicrobials in patients diagnosed with enteric fever.Conclusions: Emperical irrational use of antibiotics was observed. There was paucity of stool culture for identification of causative agents. Review of antibiotic susceptibility patterns needs to be done on a regular basis. Educational programmes to reinforce the need for ORS and zinc supplementation are necessary.
Epidemiology of orthopaedic trauma in Istanbul level 3 private hospital
Authors: Karakaş Dursun , Demiroğlu Murat
Published: March 2017

Background: The distribution of patients who were admitted to the hospital for trauma depends on the location of hospital and the distribution of the population where the hospital is located. The aim was to answer the question regarding the distribution of orthopaedic traumas which were admitted to the emergency service of level 3 a private hospital and to be able to shed light on necessary training and equipment for the aforementioned emergency departments.Methods: The distribution of the patients who were admitted to level 3 private hospital for a year was analyzed retrospectively. The patients who admitted between January 2014 and January 2015 were divided into subgroups as upper extremity, lower extremity, vertebral disk pathology, vertebral trauma, infection and soft tissue trauma, accompanying thoracic trauma and then they were taken into consideration.Results: A total of 1538 patients admitted during a 12-month period. The number of the patients with upper extremity trauma was 539 while that of lower extremity was 423. There were 365 patients with vertebral trauma which was followed by 94 patients with pelvic trauma. The remaining patient group had thoracic trauma.Conclusions: The patients aged between 30-39 years constituted the majority of the cases in present study. The upper extremity injuries were predominant. Also, the number of male patients was higher in every month. The center where the hospital is located plays an important role in determining the age group and type of trauma.
Synthesis of Diblocks Copolymers PCL-b-PLLA and Optimization of its Mechanical Characteristics
Authors: Lipik Vitali T. , Widjaja Leonardus K. , Liow Sing S. , Venkatraman Subramanian S. , Abadie Marc J.M.
Published: March 2017

Biodegradable polymeric materials have a wide application in medicine, ecology and a number of other branches of industry. Overwhelming majority of such polymers is well exposed to the biodegradation, but they have mechanical properties which don’t correspond to the requirements of application areas. As a rule, these materials possess low elasticity. In this work, optimization of mechanical properties of biodegradable polymers and the search of structure of block polymer on the basis of ε-caprolactone and L-lactide with the maximal elasticity are considered. The purpose of the work is to receive the diblock polymer with mechanical properties as close as possible to elastomer for medical devices. The task is reached due to application of design of experiment with the subsequent optimization of the received results. Maximization of elongation at maximum load of received polymer is solved by the greatest possible reduction of crystallinity with a variation of molar weight of both part of diblock: polycaprolactone and polylactide. The absolute maximum of elongation at maximum load of synthesized diblock polymers is found. It is established that diblock with the following structure possesses the best mechanical properties in this class of polymers. Molar weight of the polycaprolactone block is 5000 Da while polylactide block is 7000 Da. Elongation at maximum load of this polymer was about 30%. In the second stage of our research, we try to improve the mechanical properties by making one block partly random (PCL-co-PLLA). Second block was made from homopolymer (PLLA). Maximum received elongation at break is 200%. First block of this polymer contains 25% of lactide, has molar weight of 10000 Da. Second block is the pure polylactide, with molar weight 10000 Da. All the experimental results and mathematical modeling pointing direction to maximum elongation could be achieved by multi-block structures.
Diversité Floristique Et Variation Altitudinale De La Structure Des Formations A Gnidia Glauca (Fresen) Gilg. Dans Les Forêts Communautaires De KilumIjim (Nord-Ouest Cameroun)
Authors: M. C. Momo Solefack , Y. B. Kamga , V. F. Nguetsop , B. Tiokeng , M. L. Avana - Tientcheu , V.A. Kemeuze
Published: March 2017

In order to find strategies for sustainable management of resources, a study was carried out on the analysis and management of stands of Gnidia glauca in the Kilum-Ijim region (North-West Cameroon). All individuals were identified and counted in 33 plots of 40mx40m established between 1963 and 2785 m altitude in these Gnidia glauca formations. The height and diameter of each individual were measured. A quadrat of 1m² was established around the mature trees to evaluate the regeneration. ANOVA was used to compare the average density of the species in various plots and the DUNCAN test at the 5% significance level (SPSS software version 17.0) was used to separate these means. It emerges from this study that the Thymelaeaceae (G. glauca) family is mainly represented. The Asteraceae, Rubiaceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae are the most diverse families in these formations. The distribution of individuals of G. glauca in diameter classes shows a decreasing pattern. The low density of G. glauca is observed at low altitudes (166.66 stems / hectare), and the high density is between 2350 and 2450 m (778.18 stems / ha). The average standing densities of G. glauca varies between 64.58 and 459.37 stems per hectare; these values indicate a good regeneration of this species in the site. G. glauca can therefore be rationally exploited in a sustainable way for the well-being of the surrounding human populations.
Dénombrement Des Populations Naturelles De Rhizobium Du Pois Chiche (Cicer Arietinum) Dans Différents Sols Du Maroc
Authors: Abdelkader Machehouri , Btissam Ben Messaoud , Laila Nassiri , Jamal Ibijbijen
Published: March 2017

For the legumes cultivation, the presence of specific Rhizobium in the soil is very necessary in fact a minimum number of bacteria is essential to obtain a good nodulation. The formula used for the count of Rhizobia in soil is the most probable number (MPN) method. For this purpose, four cultivation systems were used: d1, d2, d3 and d4. The soils of the all studied regions have a natural population of Rhizobium sp cicer. The size of this population is determined by the MPN method. This has been attributed to the use of plant growth systems. The result have shown that just the cultivation system d1 will be considered to realize such studies even that this system have shown some failure. Moreover, the MPN method failed on the evaluation of the rhizobia population hence the need to find a new specialized method.
Knowledge and Attitude of Population Towards Iodized Salt in Shendi Locality River Nile State in Sudan
Authors: Elmanssur Ahmed Elnadif Ahmed , Elnour Safa Abdalla , Elmosaad Yousif Mohammed Ahmed
Published: March 2017

Background: Iodine is observed as one of the most important trace elements in the human body, which is considered very essential during the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency in humans can cause several diseases or problems, which include spontaneous abortion, increased infant mortality, cretinism, goiter, and mental defects. Methods: The study was conducted as a community based descriptive crosssectional study to determine the knowledge and attitude of the population towards iodized salt in Shendi locality, River Nile State, Sudan, during the period of 2013. In this study, 636 households were included. Questionnaire and observations were used as tools for data collection. The households were selected through a multistage cluster-sampling technique, 636 respondents were selected through systemic random sampling. Results: The study found that the knowledge of the respondents about iodized salt was poor. Out of 636 subjects, 356 (56%) were aware of iodine as a nutritional element. 279 (43.9%) identified that iodine is a chemical element. More than half of the respondents, 355(55.8%), were aware of sources of iodine in foods. The data showed that 299 (47%) of the respondents were aware of the main type of food which contains iodine. 356(56%) were aware of the fact that iodine deficiency had significant influence on the body. In addition, study revealed that 261(41%) of participant were aware of iodized salt. Only 48% of the population knew that iodized salt is necessary to alleviate iodine deficiency disorder. Conclusion: Based on our findings, we conclude that the household has poor knowledge, negative attitude, and poor practice about iodized salt. Hence, health authority should have to develop health education programs to increase the awareness of households about the significance of iodized salt. Also, it involves a proper handling of a continual and effective use of media for broadcasting health education programs.
Hydroboration of Methyl Esters of Fatty Acids
Authors: Mcheik Ali , Hijazi Akram , Diab Hicham , Shamseddine Ahmad
Published: March 2017

Hydroboration addition reactions of a boron atom, and hydrogen over unsaturated, have been widely studied. They have excellent access routes to organoborans which have proven to be a very useful synthetic intermediate (Brown et al.; Matteson, 1987; Smith, 1994). The bill might be on one or other of the two carbons of the unsaturation. It is carried out preferentially along the least congested carbon (anti-Markownikov addition). This regioselectivity can be changed against steric effects (Brown & Zweifel, 1960; Brown & Sharp, 1968; Brown et al., 1974). The existence of two active sites in methyl esters of fatty acids, FAME: the carbon-carbon unsaturation and the ester, make their hydroboration reactions more difficult to achieve. However, it has been demonstrated that reducing the ester groups is much slower than that of olefins (Brown & Keblys, 1964). By using suitable operating conditions, it is possible to limit this secondary reaction and to obtain a selective reaction of carboncarbon double bond (Fore & Bickford, 1959). Others have protecting ester function by a silyl group in order to have a single reactive site (Kabalka & Bierer, 1989).
Echographie Doppler Arterielle Testiculaire Dans L’infertilite Masculine A Lome
Authors: A. Amadou , L. Sonhaye , B. Douaguibe , M. Tchaou , KA. Agbangba , G. Watara , V. Adjenou , K. N’dakena
Published: March 2017

Objective: Determine the relationship between the testicular arterial resistance index (IR) and spermatogenesis. Material and method: prospective analytical study over a period of 12 months at CHU campus and National Institute of Hygiene of Lomé. The parameters studied were anomalies of sperm count, sperm volume, testis volume, and resistance index (RI). The study of the correlation between our variables was done using the Chi square test (χ2). Results: The mean age of men was 36.26 years. Sperm volume was normal in 73% men and abnormal in 27% men. 65% had normal sperm counts, and 35% had abnormal sperm counts. The normal testicular volume was found in 42% men and 58% had an abnormal testicular volume (hypotrophic testis). 51% men had the pathological RI while 49% had a normal RI. There was no statistically significant relationship between testicular volume and sperm count. Also, no statistically significant relationship between RI and testicular volume. But, there was a statistically significant correlation between RI and sperm count. No statistically significant difference between RI and sperm volume. Conclusion: RI can be used with sperm analysis and hormonal studies as part of the clinical evaluation of infertile men. An intratesticular RI greater than 0.6 is associated with decreased total motile sperm.
Rangos de referencia de heteroforias y reservas fusionales entre los 6 y los 60 años de edad
Authors: León Álvarez Alejandro , Medrano Muñoz Sandra Milena , Márquez Galvis Mónica Marlene
Published: March 2017

Objetivo: describir los valores de referencia para la heteroforia medida con el prisma cover test, las reservas fusionales negativas (RFN) y las positivas (RFP) a 3 m y 0,4 m y el punto próximo de convergencia (PPC), en una población colombiana entre los 6 y los 60 años de edad. Materiales y métodos: se incluyeron 632 personas de Pereira, Colombia, en este estudio. Se les practicó un examen optométrico rutinario que incluyó la evaluación de la heteroforia con PCT, RFN y RFP con barra de prismas, PPC con una tarjeta acomodativa (OR) y luz más filtro rojo (FR). Resultados: la mediana para las reservas fusionales a 3 m y 0,4 m fue (ruptura/recobro): RFN: 10/6, 14/10; RFP: 20/16, 30/22; PPC: (OR) 7/10, (FR) 10/14; PCT: lejos 0, cerca –2. No se presentó un cambio significativo respecto a la ametropía y la edad (p > 0,05), excepto para las RFP, principalmente a 0,4 m. Conclusión: los resultados fueron ligeramente superiores a lo señalado por otros autores, por lo que se recomienda emplear como guía los datos reportados en el presente trabajo.
Fundamentos para la posibilidad de una verdad artística: una lectura, en clave filosófica, de los orígenes de la producción audiovisual
Authors: Vásquez Muriel
Published: March 2017

El artículo aborda algunas líneas de reflexión que vinculan la producción audiovisual con la filosofía, partiendo del concepto de “juguete filosófico” propuesto por Oubiña (2009) para aplicar a la invención de una serie de aparatos que se consideran antecesores del cine. Se realiza una crítica a la designación de la contradicción de términos presente en el par dicotómico juego y filosofía –idea que presenta Oubiña en su propuesta, pero que sistematiza Schjaer (2012) en una reflexión posterior– a partir de un análisis conceptual que propone nuevos sentidos para esos términos, fundamentando esta crítica en las reflexiones de dos filósofos escasamente citados en el área del cine: Lyotard (1989) y Wittgenstein (1958).  La hipótesis central de la autora es, por lo tanto, que no es real ni aparente la contradicción entre los términos “juguete” y “filosófico”, como tampoco lo es entre los conceptos “juego” y “filosofía” o entre los verbos “jugar” y “filosofar”. Además, la autora justifica y fundamenta que tanto en la prehistoria, como en la historia y en lo que llama la poshistoria del cine (haciendo referencia a una arqueología de los medios que permite llegar hasta las formas actuales de producción audiovisual) no solo puede rastrearse un elemento originario científico y técnico, sino que también hay allí un componente de tipo filosófico (que no necesariamente debe traducirse como “ilusorio” o “lúdico”, como sostiene Oubiña/Schjaer) que es aquel que posibilita la caracterización estética del cine. Este componente filosófico trasciende las manifestaciones materiales de la obra y se asienta en una verdad de tipo ontológico que explica y sostiene la expresión artística cinematográfica.
Foucault: una lectura en clave discontinua en el periodo arqueológico
Authors: Choque-Aliaga Osman Daniel
Published: March 2017

Sin duda, el tema de la discontinuidad ha llegado a acaparar la atención de un buen número de investigadores que se dedican a reflexionar en torno a la filosofía de Foucault. Posar ahora la mirada en el tema de la discontinuidad promete abrir una veta nueva de análisis que, quizá, permita revalorar el alcance de los aportes filosóficos de este pensador francés. Para tal tarea, el artículo, en un primermomento, se acerca a la noción de historia en el pensamiento foucaultiano, para a partir de ahí estudiar el desenvolvimiento que dicha noción tiene con la discontinuidad; luego, se detiene a estudiar el método arqueológico, para desentrañar si es posible analizar el tema de la discontinuidad a la luz de la arqueología. ¿Será posible mirar el tema de la discontinuidad como un rasgo propio del pensamientodel filósofo francés? Responder esta pregunta es la tarea que este trabajo pretende llevar a fin.
Biological types of cattle: carcass and meat quality
Authors:   University of Alberta, Canada, Price M. A.
Published: March 2017

This chapter describes the domestication of cattle and the origins of many breeds found in the world today. The breeds are grouped into biological types, based on their size, muscularity and propensity to fatten, and the commercial role of each type is discussed. The relationships between biological types and carcass and meat quality are examined, and the breeds are identified as repositories for specific traits of value to the beef industry. Traditional methods of improving carcass quality through phenotypic trait selection and opportunities to improve meat quality through the application of genomics are discussed.
Factors affecting fat content and distribution of fat in cattle and carcasses
Authors:   Texas A&M University, USA, Smith Stephen B.
Published: March 2017

Beef cattle are highly efficient at depositing fat, and they deposit fats in a specific order: first abdominal, then seam (intermuscular), then subcutaneous and finally marbling (intramuscular, interfascicular) fat. The development and composition of these fat deposits are influenced by the diet of the cattle. This chapter addresses the origin of adipocytes, the ontogeny of fat development, factors influencing fat development and, finally, factors influencing fatty acid composition of fat depots.
The effects of carcass chilling and electrical stimulation on visual beef quality and palatability
Authors:   Agricultural Research Council and University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, Strydom Phillip E.
Published: March 2017

The conversion of muscle to meat during the rigor mortis process and the conditions under which this process occurs is most important for quality attributes of beef including colour, water holding capacity and tenderness. Electrical stimulation is used to prevent cold-induced toughening of beef, especially hot-boned meat, but is also generally applied because it is thought to enhance the ageing process and, therefore, improve tenderness of aged beef. However, indiscriminate use of electrical stimulation, combined with improper chilling, may have detrimental effects on tenderness, colour and water-holding capacity of meat. This chapter discusses the advantages of electrical stimulation and factors influencing the effectivity of electrical stimulation.
Beef colour development and variation
Authors:   Oklahoma State University, USA, Ramanathan Ranjith , Mancini Richard A. ,   University of Connecticut, USA
Published: March 2017

Meat colour is a very important visual sensory attribute that influences purchasing decisions. Post-mortem muscle is biochemically active and any deviation from the ultimate post-mortem muscle pH can influence meat colour. More specifically, changes in pH can affect the key determinants of meat colour such as metmyoglobin reduction, oxygen consumption, and lipid oxidation. Recently, much research focus has been on the role of mitochondria in meat colour. The use of ‘omics’ technologies such as genomics, proteomics and metabolomics will help to better understand biochemical changes occurring during the conversion of muscle to meat. This chapter will discuss factors affecting beef colour, key biochemical reactions that influence beef colour and the role of mitochondria in beef colour.
Measuring and assessing beef quality and sensory traits for retailers and consumers
Authors:   Auburn University, USA, Griffing Derek A. , Bratcher Christy L. ,   Auburn University, USA
Published: March 2017

Verifying qualities that contribute to a pleasurable eating experience prior to consumption is an obstacle for the beef industry. There are many ways to assess eating quality, such as sensory evaluation, shear force measurement and relying on the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) quality grading system. Most recently, research has focused on flavour evaluation and muscle profiling. Unfortunately, there is no silver bullet for non-destructive assessment of beef sensory properties. The industry has been searching for the perfect tool for prediction of consumer acceptability. The incorporation of palatability assessment values could be included in purveyor and retailer product specifications, while innovative research is needed to discover, modify and implement assessments that do not sacrifice time or costs and meet the demands of beef purveyors, retailers and consumers.
Copyright: the immoveable barrier that open access advocates underestimated
Authors: Poynder Richard
Published: March 2017

In calling for research papers to be made freely available open access advocates promised that doing so would lead to a simpler, less costly, more democratic, and more effective scholarly communication system. To achieve their objectives they proposed two different ways of providing open access: green OA (self-archiving) and gold OA (open access publishing).

However, while the OA movement has succeeded in persuading research institutions and funders of the merits of open access, it has failed to win the hearts and minds of most researchers. More importantly, it is not achieving its objectives. There are various reasons for this, but above all it is because OA advocates underestimated the extent to which copyright would subvert their cause. That is the argument I make in this book, and I include a personal case study that demonstrates the kind of problems copyright poses for open access.

I also argue that in underestimating the extent to which copyright would be a barrier to their objectives, OA advocates have enabled legacy publishers to appropriate the movement for their own benefit, rather than for the benefit of the research community, and to pervert both the practice and the concept of open access.
4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal Statues in Hypertension Patients
Authors: Jawad Alaa H. , Ibrahim Ammal E. , Hammed Ali , Al-Qaisi Zyad , Redwan Amamer , Yousif Emad
Published: March 2017

The oxidative stress is one of the main cause for cardiovascular diseases  (like Hypertension) also one of the results of these diseases.  This study involved 56 subjects matched ages  and sex divided into two groups; 28 hypertensive subject and 28 healthy subject as control group. The following analysis was done: 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal(4HNE) and albumin. The results show that there is a significant increase in (4HNE) between patients group and control group. The increase in 4HNE which is a product of lipid peroxidation  is attributed to destruction in body cell caused by due to the increase in stress events. It has been concluded that is important nappy on ideal weight, because obesity considered main factors for heart disease and hardening of the arteries. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between of some oxidative stress markers and cardiovascular diseases.
Agriculture Challenges: Decline of Farmers and Farmland (Study from Indonesian Family Life Survey)
Authors: Anandita Della Ayu , Patria Kinanti Zukhrufijannah
Published: March 2017

The challenge of agricultural sector in Indonesia nowadays is about land ownership which affected farmer’s welfare. Farmers in aggregates are decreasing year by year, followed by decreasing farm land because of the land reform. Another story of farmer’s income affected the land ownership of the farmers. Most of them choose to sell their own land to the land lords because of the lower income. And the lack of regeneration because farmers children choose to have a job outside agriculture sector. This paper is research about the real condition of Farmers in Indonesia between three factor of land ownerships, land reform, and lack of regeneration. Our investigation to secondary data show our hypothetical judgment: there is declining amount of farmers in Indonesia in community level. Meanwhile, that phenomenon support by evidence that there is declining farmland in community level. This study can be considering for policy implication in agriculture reform in Indonesia.

Keyword    :     land     ownership,    land     reform,     lack     of     farmer    regeneration, farmer’s welfare
Metode inersia suku bunga dan aturan Taylor dalam manajemen kebijakan moneter di Indonesia (1980-2006)
Authors: Sriwiyanto Hery Sulistio Jati Nugroho
Published: March 2017

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International Financial Reporting Standards Implementation in India: Benefits and Problems
Authors: V N Sruthiya
Published: March 2017

International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) introduced by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB is international financial reporting standard. IFRS is a single set of high quality, understandable and enforceable global accounting standards. It is a "principles based" set of standards which are drafted lucidly and are easy to understand and apply. IFRSs were adopted first time in 2005 by EU (European Union) and are now accepted or required in more than 120 countries. In India, this is in an implementation stage. This paper tries to study the implementation problems in India and make suggestions to solve the problems. The important implementation problems are cost, lack of awareness about IFRS among investors, and no uniformity in accounting guidance issued by various regulators (SEBI, IRDA, RBI) in India. The suggestions are to provide proper training and education to accounting professionals and employees about IFRS; Government has to reform the taxation system to match with IFRS. 
Determining Optimum Calcium and Magnesium Sources and Rates for Home Gardeners Growing Vegetables in Potting Media Using Alkaline Irrigation Water
Authors: Everhart Sarah B. , Fontenot Kathryn K. , Bush Edward W. , Johnson Charles E.
Published: March 2017

Home gardeners living in areas with alkaline water sources do not have easy or economically affordable means of acidifying irrigation water for vegetable production. One solution for achieving optimal vegetable yields using alkaline irrigation water is to grow the vegetables in a modified medium. To date, no medium on the retail market suits such growing needs. Therefore, medium recipes with varied levels (0, 4, or 8 lb/yard3) and sources of calcium [dolomitic lime, calcium sulfate (CaSO4)] and magnesium [dolomitic lime, magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)] were tested using an alkaline irrigation on ‘Oakleaf’ lettuce (Lactuca sativa), ‘Earliana’ and ‘Salad Delight’ cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), and ‘Snow Crown’ cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) crops. Additionally, crops were grown in two environments, under a high tunnel and on a nursery yard. High tunnel and nursery yard sites were used to test media performances in the presence of, and eliminating, rainwater to simulate container-grown vegetables growing in both a home garden situation and a commercial greenhouse production situation. The base mix of all media treatments in the study was 80 bark : 20 peat and fertilized with 12 lb/yard3 slow-release fertilizer at a rate of 1.8 lb/yard3 nitrogen (N), 0.5 lb/yard3 phosphorus (P), and 1 lb/yard3 potassium (K). This initial fertilizer application was incorporated to each medium before filling containers. Four treatments were tested against a commercially available medium, industry standard (IS) treatment (a commercially available bagged medium), and a control medium [treatment C (no supplemental calcium or magnesium fertilizer)] by supplementing the base mix with the following fertilizer levels: 4 lb/yard3 each of CaSO4 and MgSO4 (treatment 1); 4 lb/yard3 dolomitic lime (treatment 2); 4 lb/yard3 each of dolomitic lime, CaSO4, and MgSO4 (treatment 3); 8 lb/yard3 dolomitic lime (treatment 4). Media treatments 1 through 4 outperformed the IS and C media treatments in nearly all crops. All crops grown on the nursery yard, and cabbage grown under the high tunnel, had greater yields when grown in medium treatment 3, compared with the IS and C media treatments (P ≤ 0.05). All crops grown in medium treatment 2 on the nursery yard produced greater yields than the IS and C media treatments (P ≤ 0.05).
A High Incidence of Pythium and Phytophthora Diseases Related to Record-breaking Rainfall in South Florida
Authors: Campoverde E. Vanessa , Sanahuja Georgina , Palmateer Aaron J.
Published: March 2017

Florida’s ornamental plant industry flourishes due to environmental conditions that allow for a 12-month growing season. Florida leads the nation in production of tropical foliage, and Miami-Dade County ranks number one in nursery and landscape production with sales reaching $2 billion annually. The well-advertised El Niño pattern made its presence felt this past winter in south Florida with the wettest conditions since record keeping began in 1932. As a result, ornamental nursery growers contended with a higher incidence of root rots, crown rots, and foliar blight diseases, confirmed by samples submitted to the University of Florida’s Extension Plant Diagnostic Clinic in Homestead, FL. The present study focused on environmental conditions occurring over the past 4 years and included rainfall, solar radiation, and temperature variables and examined their influence on the incidence of diseases affecting ornamental plants. Results indicated Pythium and Phytophthora species as the primary plant pathogens responsible for these diseases. The drastic increase of diagnostic samples identified as Pythium and Phytophthora can be attributed to the unusually wet weather experienced. These two oomycetes are well known for causing disease under wet conditions and growers should closely monitor weather forecasts and practice preventative disease management accordingly.
Strawberry Cultivar Evaluation under High-tunnel and Organic Management in North Carolina
Authors: Gu Sanjun , Guan Wenjing , Beck John E.
Published: March 2017

High-tunnel strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) production for extended seasons has a great economic potential for small farmers. However, information on cultivars that are suitable for high tunnels is rather limited. In this study conducted in the 2014–15 season, strawberry plugs of eight June-bearing cultivars (Florida Radiance, Benicia, Camarosa, Camino Real, Chandler, Strawberry Festival, Sweet Charlie, and Winterstar) and two day-neutral cultivars (San Andreas and Albion) were evaluated for yield performance, fruit quality, and vegetative growth in organically managed high tunnels at two locations in North Carolina. Significant cultivar differences in whole-season yield were observed at Greensboro, NC; but not at Goldsboro, NC. The cultivar Florida Radiance had the highest marketable and total yields, followed by Winterstar and Chandler at Greensboro, whereas Benicia, Winterstar, and Chandler were the top producing cultivars at Goldsboro. Harvest of day-neutral cultivars San Andreas and Albion started in November. For June-bearing cultivars, Florida Radiance began to produce harvestable berries in late December, followed by Winterstar in early January. Peak harvest occurred in April for all cultivars. At the end of the season, ‘Albion’ had smaller canopy size than other cultivars. It also developed the fewest number of branch crowns and least aboveground biomass. Total soluble solid (TSS) content in April was lower than that observed early and late in the season for all cultivars, although Strawberry Festival exhibited a relatively stable TSS throughout the season. ‘Benicia’ produced the largest strawberries in the early season, but its fruit weight was remarkably reduced as the season progressed. Severe frost events occurred on 18 and 20 Feb. that caused an average of 61.5% and 32.2% open blossom damage at Greensboro and Goldsboro, respectively. The recommended cultivars based on this 1-year study are Florida Radiance, Benicia, and Camino Real for June-bearing cultivars, and Albion and San Andreas for day-neutral cultivars.