bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of asprosin, interleukin-6, and adiponectin on exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Zhuravlyova L. V. , Markevych M. A.
Published: October 2024

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a clinical condition often associated with chronic pancreatitis (CP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to malabsorption and nutritional deficiencies, severely impacting patients’ quality of life. It has been identified that asprosin, a glucogenic protein, is a key player in carbohydrate metabolism and chronic inflammation. Elevated levels of asprosin, along with changes in interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and adiponectin, may contribute to the pathophysiology of EPI in patients with T2DM and CP.
Objective — to investigate the levels of asprosin, IL‑6, and adiponectin and their correlation with exocrine pancreatic function in patients with T2DM and CP.
Materials and methods. The study included 100 patients treated at Kharkiv Regional Clinical Hospital from 2020 to 2022. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=70) with comorbid T2DM and CP, and Group 2 (n=30) with T2DM alone. The control group included 20 healthy individuals. Blood levels of asprosin, IL‑6, and adiponectin were measured using immunoassays. Fecal elastase‑1 (FE‑1) levels were used to assess exocrine pancreatic function. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the relationships between these markers.
Results. Asprosin levels were significantly higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2 and the control group, with the highest levels observed in patients with comorbid T2DM and CP (10.06±3.56 ng/ml). IL‑6 levels were also elevated in Group 1 (64.44±4.35 pg/ ml), indicating heightened inflammation. Adiponectin levels were lower in Group 1 (2.80±0.38 ng/ml), correlating with worse metabolic profiles. FE‑1 levels were markedly reduced in Group 1 (142.2±6.3 mg/ g), confirming severe EPI. Significant correlations were found between asprosin levels and IL‑6 (positive correlation, r=0.49, p<0.01), as well as between asprosin levels and FE‑1 (negative correlation, r=–0.52, p<0.01). In the group of patients with isolated T2DM, significant moderate negative correlations were found between asprosin levels and adiponectin (r=–0.47, p<0.05) and FE‑1 (r=–0.44, p<0.05). The study also demonstrated a strong negative correlation between adiponectin and IL‑6 (r=–0.61, p<0.01) in patients with comorbid T2DM and CP.
Conclusions. Elevated asprosin levels in patients with T2DM and CP are associated with increased inflammation and reduced exocrine pancreatic function. The significant correlations between asprosin, IL‑6, and FE‑1 suggest that asprosin could serve as a clinically valuable biomarker for assessing metabolic and inflammatory status in these patients. The findings highlight the complex interaction between metabolic and inflammatory pathways in the development of EPI.
Lipoprotein glomerulopathy: what is known? Literature review
Authors: Chernyshov V. A.
Published: October 2024

The review is devoted to the important problem of contemporary nephrology — lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG), a rare glomerular disorder leading to nephrotic syndrome and/or chronic kidney failure (CKF). The article highlights the primary genetic defect in LPG associated with heterozygous mutations of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene in the low‑density lipoprotein (LDL) binding site with the corresponding receptor, which increases the affinity of mutant ApoE‑containing lipoproteins to the glomerular capillary wall. The article presents data from population‑based studies on the prevalence of LPG and current understanding of its pathogenesis, in particular, the main pathogenetic link — damage to the structure and function of ApoE due to heterozygous mutations of the ApoE gene. The participation of ApoE‑containing lipoproteins, which include ApoE isoforms, in the formation of glomerular deposits, lipoprotein thrombi in the lumen of glomerular capillaries, as well as the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of renal lipidosis is considered. Histological picture typical for LPG, intraglomerular and extrarenal factors of its development, and features of serum lipid spectrum accompanying the clinical course of LPG are described. Diagnostic criteria of LPG, clinical manifestations of this glomerular disorder, prognosis in LPG, its complications and some co-morbid states associated with LPG are given. Special attention is paid for the treatment of LPG, without which the disease is progressing to a terminal CKF. Some possibilities of contemporary lipid lowering agents (fibrates, nicotinic acid derivates, statins, monoclonal antibodies to apolipoprotein CIII) in correction of lipid disorders associated with LPG are discussed. Some perspective agents that could be applied in patients with LPG (inhibitors of natrium-dependent glucose co-transporter 2, antioxidants, anticonvulsant topiramate) after special trials are enumerated. Some attention is paid to other treatment measures in LPG, such as LDL-apheresis with heparin‑induced extracorporal precipitation, staphylococcal protein-A immunoadsorption therapy, and renal transplantation. Necessity is emphasized of further experimental and clinical studies that will allow to enlarge updated ideas about the etiology and pathogenesis of LPG, improve its diagnostics and treatment efficacy.
Organ-protective effects of the alternative renin-angiotensin system and prospects for therapeutic treatment. Review
Authors: Kovalyova O. M. , Ivanchenko S. V. , Zhuravlyova A. K. , Shapkin V. Y.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to review the data regarding the identification of biochemical and functional features of the components of the renin‑angiotensin system using the tools of bibliometric analysis of scientific literature. A modern interpretation by the dividing of the multifunctional complex into two systems, namely the classical renin‑angiotensin system and alternative renin‑angiotensin system, in accordance with the definition of biological effects, is given. The enzymatic cascade involved in the production and metabolism of peptides in both classical and non‑classical pathways of renin‑angiotensin systems is shown from the point of view of the evolution of scientific concepts. The triggering role of components of the classical renin‑angiotensin system in pathophysiological processes with transformation into cardiovascular diseases and metabolic dysfunction has been proven. The history of the creation of pharmacological drugs for the correction of the classic renin‑angiotensin system is presented. In view of the achievement of recent years, the revision of the alternative renin‑angiotensin system is emphasized due to the discovery of the counter‑regulatory action of the angiotensin‑converting enzyme 2, angiotensin‑(1—7), the Mas receptor in relation to their correction of metabolic processes, regulation of blood pressure, and the presence of anti‑fibrotic, anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The positive effect of the components of the non‑classical renin‑angiotensin system on the protection of the cardiovascular system and kidney is presented based on the results of experimental studies on animals. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics characteristics of recombinant angiotensin‑converting enzyme 2 in experiments on healthy volunteers are highlighted. The potential protective effects of angiotensin‑converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin‑(1—7) concerning cardiometabolic risk are presented. The available data indicate the need for further comprehensive scientific investigations of the components of alternative renin‑angiotensin system to create a new class of pharmacological agents with their implementation in medical practice.
Studi Kejadian 2:4b-3:24 dengan konsep naratologi Tzvetan Todorov
Authors: Setiawan Yohanes , Sin Sia Kok
Published: October 2024

This study aims to analyze the narrative of Genesis 2:4 b-3:24 using Tzvetan Todorov's narratology theory, which consists of five phases: equilibrium, disruption, recognition, repair, and new equilibrium. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative approach to reveal the socio-theological aspects present in the text. The findings show that the narrative structure reflects a cycle of harmony and conflict, starting with the initial equilibrium of the relationship between God, humans, and creation. Disruption occurs through the serpent's temptation, which leads to human transgression and subsequent acts of recognition. The narrative continues to repair, where consequences are imposed, and finally reaches a new equilibrium that illustrates God's justice and mercy in providing a new beginning for humans. This analysis not only enhances the understanding of the socio-theological implications of the text but also invites a re-evaluation of traditional interpretations of humanity's expulsion from Eden and the ongoing relationship between society, creation, and God.
 
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis narasi Kejadian 2:4 b-3:24 menggunakan teori naratologi Tzvetan Todorov, yang terdiri dari lima fase: equilibrium, disruption, recognition, repair, dan new equilibrium. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif untuk mengungkap aspek sosial-teologis yang ada dalam teks. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa struktur narasi mencerminkan siklus harmoni dan konflik, dimulai dengan equilibrium awal hubungan antara Tuhan, manusia, dan ciptaan. Disruption terjadi melalui godaan ular, yang mengarah pada pelanggaran manusia dan selanjutnya ada aksi recognition. Narasi berlanjut ke repair, di mana konsekuensi dipaksakan, dan akhirnya mencapai new equilibrium yang menggambarkan keadilan dan belas kasihan Tuhan dalam memberikan awal yang baru bagi manusia. Analisis ini tidak hanya meningkatkan pemahaman tentang implikasi sosial-teologis dari teks tetapi juga mengundang evaluasi ulang terhadap interpretasi tradisional mengenai pengusiran manusia dari Eden dan hubungan yang berkelanjutan antara umat manusia, ciptaan dan Tuhan.
Meneroka kesetaraan dan keadilan gender dalam gereja dan masyarakat Toraja
Authors: Tangirerung Johana Ruadjanna , Wangania Judith D. L. , Tapparan Meike Roselyna
Published: October 2024

Toraja society, which has a bilateral kinship system, accommodates matriarchal and patriarchal systems. This system has elements of equality. However, church and community life phenomena are still less visible, especially regarding leadership. This paper will further explore the existence of women in broader leadership through the historical experience of leadership in the Toraja Church. The method used is qualitative descriptive by presenting various realities of injustice from multiple surveys in general and the history of the leadership of the Toraja Church itself in accepting women as church officials. The discussion results are various causes of injustice, namely the influence of theological understanding from Zending, who came to Toraja, and the influence of patriarchal ideology. The conclusion is that it is necessary to continuously carry out gender literacy to the church and community regarding equality.
 
Abstrak
Masyarkat Toraja yang sistem kekerabatannya bilateral, mengakomodasi baik sistem matriarkar maupun patriarkar. Sistem ini sejatinya memiliki unsur kesetaraan. Namun melihat fenomena dalam kehidupan gereja dan masyarakat, masih kurang terlihat, khususnya terkait kepemimpinan. Tulisan ini akan meneroka lebih jauh keberadaan perempuan dalam kepemimpinan yang lebih luas melalui pengalaman sejarah kepemimpinan dalam Gereja Toraja. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan mengemukakan berbagai realitas ketidakadilan dari berbagai survei secara umum dan realitas dalam sejarah kepemimpinan Gereja Toraja sendiri dalam menerima perempuan menjadi pejabat gerejawi. Hasil pembahasan adalah ditemukan berbagai sebab ketidakadilan yaitu pengaruh pemahaman teologi dari Zending yang datang ke Toraja dan pengaruh ideologi patriarkalisme. Riset ini menyimpulkan, perlunya terus-menerus melakukan literasi gender kepada gereja dan masyarakat terkait kesetaraan.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE ACOMETIDOS POR COVID-19 EM UM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO
Authors: Barbosa Ferraz Sabrina , Gonçalves de Moura Samilla , Duarte Brito Kyonayra Quezia , Ferreira da Cruz Morais Gleicyanne , Neves da Silva Michelle , Rocha Diniz Jéssica Jeórgia
Published: October 2024

Introdução: A COVID-19 é uma infecção decretada como emergência de saúde pública, em meados de fevereiro de 2020, tendo como agente etiológico o vírus SARS-CoV-2. Objetivo: Traçar o perfil epidemiológico dos profissionais de saúde do Hospital Universitário Alcides Carneiro-UFCG/EBSERH acometidos por COVID-19. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, retrospectiva, observacional e descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada, no recorte temporal de abril a junho de 2021. Foi utilizado formulário estruturado com as variáveis sociodemográficas como: idade, gênero, escolaridade, estado civil, categoria profissional, número de casos confirmados dos profissionais de saúde, número de vacinados e não vacinados, absenteísmo e reinfecção. Resultados: Os casos de infecção por COVID-19 identificados no estudo apresentaram maior expressão numérica no sexo feminino, atingindo o percentual de 73,4%. A faixa etária em destaque nos dados apresentados foi no intervalo de 31-40 anos (55,9%). Considerando a raça de profissionais mais atingidas do estudo, a branca foi a predominante (49,3%). Com relação ao estado civil, verificou-se que 52,4% eram casados. O nível de escolaridade foi categorizado em ensino médio e superior, sendo o ensino superior representado pelo maior quantitativo dos casos (79,7%).  A categoria profissional mais infectada foi a de técnicos de enfermagem (87,0%). Os profissionais do grupo sanguíneo do tipo O foram os mais acometidos (39,9%). Em relação à vacinação, todos os profissionais do estudo foram vacinados com Coronavac, Pfizer e AstraZeneca. Conclusão: O estudo desvelou conhecimentos referentes aos aspectos que tangem à saúde do trabalhador no contexto da pandemia.
A Note on the Asymptotic Posterior Normality of Multivariate Latent Traits in an IRT Model for Polytomous Items of Mixed Format
Authors: Kornely Mia Johanna Katharina , Kateri Maria
Published: October 2024

The asymptotic posterior normality (APN) of the latent vector in an item response theory model is an important argument in modeling and inference. For a single latent trait, Chang and Stout proved its APN for binary items under general conditions, which generalized Chang for polytomous data and Kornely and Kateri for multivariate latent traits (MLT) and binary items. As MLT and polytomous items are nowadays common in psychometry, an APN-theory covering both simultaneously remains an open and ongoing problem. We generalize the APN-theory accordingly, providing thus a broader foundation for developments relying on APN. We also prove consistency of common estimators for the MLT, extending the according results of Chang and Kornely and Kateri.
A case of Clostridium difficile infection as a complication of antibiotic therapy
Authors: Faizova L. P. , Kalimullina D. Kh. , Fedorov S. V. , Sataev V. U. , Gaisina E. A. , Akhmetova L. T. , Khaibullina Yu. R. , Ayupova Yu. K.
Published: October 2024

This clinical case demonstrates the complexity of managing a comorbid patient with antibiotic-associated diarrhea. We observed a patient who, during therapy, developed extremely early premature birth with a live premature fetus (at 25-26 weeks), antibiotic-associated (Clostridium difficile) intractable diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, and acute dynamic intestinal obstruction. After treatment for 14 days, the patient’s condition improved.
Regulation of hepatic transporters OATP1A2 and OATP1B1 by the action of nitric oxide (II)
Authors: Abalenikhina Yu. V. , Suchkova O. N. , Kostyukova E. V. , Shchulkin A. V. , Yakusheva E. N.
Published: October 2024

Nitric oxide II (NO) is a signaling molecule that has a wide range of physiological effects, including the regulation of gastrointestinal processes. The liver actively expresses the clinically significant transporters OATP1A2 and OATP1B1, which are involved in the influx of biologically active and medicinal substances. That is why it seems relevant to determine the pathways of regulation of hepatic transporters under the influence of NO. Aim. To study the effect of NO on the relative amount and expression of the transporters OATP1A2 and OATP1B1 in vitro in HepG2 cells. Materials and methods. The study was performed on a culture of HepG2 cells, which were cultured in 6-well plates at 37 °C and 5% CO2 in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) with a high glucose content (4500 mg/l) containing L-glutamine (4 mM), 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 mg/ml streptomycin (all components from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany). S-nitrosoglutathione (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) was added to the culture medium at concentrations of 1, 10, 50, 100 and 500 µM, incubated for 24 and 72 hours. Water for injection (solvent) was added to control cells in an equivalent volume S-nitrosoglutathione). The relative amounts of OATP1A2 and OATP1B1 proteins were assessed by Western blot, and the expression of SLCO1A2 and SLCO1B1 by real-time PCR. The results of the study. In the course of this study, it was shown that the addition of S-nitrosoglutathione in the concentration range of 10-500 μM and exposure duration of 24 and 72 hours causes an increase in the intracellular level of nitric oxide metabolites, which indicates the adequacy of the use of this NO donor. At the same time, under the influence of NO, there was an increase in the relative amount of the studied transporters - OATP1A2 at an exposure period of 24 hours and S-nitrosoglutathione concentrations of 50 and 100 μM, OATP1B1-24 and 72 hours, at concentrations of 10-500 μM, a similar trend was noted for the expression genes SLCO1A2 and SLCO1B1. Conclusion. The NO donor - S-nitrosoglutathione causes an increase in the relative amount of OATP family transporters - OATP1A2 and OATP1B1, due to increased expression of the SLCO1A2 and SLCO1B1 genes, in vitro in HepG2 cells.
Association of gene polymorphisms with biological features of gastric cancer
Authors: Kulikov E. P. , Grigorenko V. A. , Pikushin I. S.
Published: October 2024

Aim of the investigation. To evaluate associations of polymorphic variants of TNF (G308A), XPC (Lys939Gln), MTHFR (Ala222Val) genes with some biological features of gastric cancer. Materials and Methods. We evaluated polymorphic gene variants in 74 patients with verified gastric cancer or gastriesophageal junction cancer (Siewert III). Genotyping was performed by DNA isolation from venous blood leukocytes of the subjects followed by PCR with electrophoretic detection of the result. The association of polymorphic variants of genes with such biological features of the tumor as localization of the process, morphological type, degree of differentiation, type of tumor growth, presence or absence of lymphovascular or perineural invasion was evaluated. Results. Lys/Gln genotype of XPC gene (Lys939Gln) are 3.3 times more likely to develop gastric body cancer (p=0.04). Genotype GG of TNF gene (G308A) 5.3 times increases the development of gastric adenocarcinoma in comparison with other histological types (p=0.018), genotype GA of the same gene 5.2 times more often develop tumor with high-grade differentiation degree (p=0.032). Val/Val genotype of the MTHFR gene (Ala222Val) are significantly less likely to develop lymphatic/vascular invasion compared to carriers of the other genotype (p=0,029). Conclusion. The obtained data suggest that the genetic status of the patient itself may affect the biological characteristics of gastric cancer, which in turn may lead to a change in the patient’s treatment tactics.
Dermestes undulatus Brahm rediscovered in Wales – and its differentiation from Dermestes murinus Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
Authors: Holloway Graham J. , Owen Christian , Tordoff George
Published: October 2024

Dermestes undulatus Brahm is a scarce species in the United Kingdom. Here we report on the rediscovery of D. undulatus from southern Wales, specifically the island of Flat Holm. The historic and current distribution of D. undulatus in the UK is explored. Dermestes
undulatus sits within the subgenus Dermestinus Linnaeus, along with D. murinus Linnaeus. The differentiation of D. undulatus from D. murinus is considered.
A new species of Rhadinobracon Szépligeti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae) from Spain, with probable host record
Authors: Shaw Mark R. , Falcó José Vicente , Obregón Rafael
Published: October 2024

Rhadinobracon hispanicus sp. n. is described and illustrated from specimens reared from dead and dying wood of Quercus rotundifolia Lamarck collected in Huelva province, S. W. Spain. The only xylophagous insects also reared were the buprestid beetle Acmaeodera octodecimguttata
(Piller & Mitterpacker) (Buprestidae), which is considered to be almost certainly the host. Rhadinobracon is largely Afrotropical, Middle Eastern and Indian in distribution and the new species represents a large expansion of the known range of the genus. The new species exhibits
considerable sexual dimorphism in respect of the hind leg, and an earlier male specimen (now lost) from a different locality in Spain clearly, from photographs and an outline description, belongs to the same species.
Age-dependent body mass changes in adult blackfield crickets Teleogryllus commodus (Walker) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
Authors: Sturm Robert
Published: October 2024

Body mass should not be regarded as constant during an adult insect's life span. To investigate this hypothesis in blackfield crickets Teleogryllus commodus (Walker, 1869), the mean body mass (mg) of a cohort of adult male (n=20) and single-mated female (n=20) crickets was measured
daily for 60 days from adult moult to late senescence. Both male and female crickets increased in body mass during the first 20 days and then showed a continuous decrease in body mass. Whilst any body mass gained between prematurity (P) (first 5 days) and sexual maturity (SM) (day 6 to 40)
phases was not statistically significant in either sex, body mass loss between sexual maturity and senescence (S) (day 41 till death) was statistically significant.
New woodlands are boosting the Shetland Islands' sawfly diversity (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Tenthredinidae)
Authors: Nason Rebecca , Liston Andrew
Published: October 2024

Five species of sawfly are recorded for the first time from the Shetland Islands, four of which were found in a planted woodland first established in 1996. All five use shrubs and trees as larval hosts: two are attached to Alnus Mill., and three exclusively or mainly to Salix
L. Whereas the Alnus -feeders have almost certainly been introduced to Shetland, the history of the Salix -feeders in the archipelago is unclear. Pristiphora sermola Liston, 1993, is faunistically noteworthy, having previously been recorded in the British Isles from only
two localities in the Scottish mainland. With these additions, the known sawfly fauna of Shetland now comprises 13 established species, with one more needing confirmation.
Building Resilient Sanitation Systems in Malawi: Pit-latrine Costs, Collapse, and Management
Authors: Hinton Rebekah , Kanjaye Modesta , Macleod Christopher , Troldborg Mads , Kalin Robert
Published: October 2024

Despite widespread access to basic sanitation in Malawi, over 75% of the population lacks improved sanitation facilities. This national study investigates the resilience of pit-latrines across Malawi, focusing on the relationship between construction quality, facility lifespan, and collapse frequency. A survey of 268,000 pit-latrines revealed that high-quality latrines (lined and with a slab) collapse three times less frequently than low-quality latrines and last significantly longer. However, cost barriers remain substantial, with high-quality latrines costing five times more than low-quality facilities. Even when accounting for their extended lifespan, the annual cost of high-quality facilities is almost double that of low-quality options, highlighting a key financial challenge for widespread adoption. Pit-latrine emptying, while offering a potential solution to extend the lifespan of latrines, is rarely practiced due to its high costs and cultural resistance. Manual emptying, the most common method, raises health and environmental concerns, while emptying costs remain prohibitively high for many households. The study emphasises the need for significant investment in resilient sanitation infrastructure, promotion of affordable emptying services, and the development of faecal waste management systems. Addressing these challenges is essential to ensuring equitable access to safe and sustainable sanitation in Malawi, ensuring climate resilience and sanitation justice.
Using the eRm package for Rasch modeling
Authors: Padgett R. Noah
Published: October 2024

The “extended Rasch modeling” (eRm) package in R provides users with a comprehensive set of tools for Rasch modeling for scale evaluation and general modeling. We provide a brief introduction to Rasch modeling followed by a review of literature that utilizes the eRm package. Then, the key features of the eRm package for scale evaluation are reviewed. The ease of use and the advantages of the R environment make the eRm package an appealing free option for rigorous Rasch modeling. We demonstrate the functionality with a small example using data from the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale. Using these data we show how to 1) fit dichotomous and polytomous Rasch models, 2) obtain key figures (e.g., item characteristic curves and person-item maps) to aid model assessment , 3) assess dimensionality, and 4) obtain item fit statistics.
Instance Memory Models as a General Computational Framework for Exploring Language Processing: Bringing the Lexicon to Life
Authors: Johns Brendan , Jamieson Randy , Crump Matthew John Charles , Jones Michael N.
Published: October 2024

Instance models have been successfully applied to a range of problems including memory,language, attention, learning, action, decision making, and categorization (see Jamieson, Johns,Vokey, & Jones, 2022). According to instance theory, the individual experience constitutes the fundamental unit of knowledge and knowledge of the general emerges during parallel retrieval from memory (Brooks, 1978, 1987). Until recently, applications of instance theory to the problem of language were constrained to small and contrived laboratory experiments (e.g., Jamieson & Mewhort, 2009). However, the approach has now been applied at scale to the large and messy problem of natural language (e.g., Jamieson et al., 2018; Johns & Jones, 2015; Johns et al., 2020). With those demonstrations now in hand, we argue that the framework can present an articulate mechanistic underbelly to the usage-based theory of language that highlights the role of specific language experience in general language behavior (Abbot-Smith & Tomasello, 2006; Tomasello, 2003). Overall, this article argues that instance memory models provide an ability to deepen our understanding of language as a dynamic, contextually embedded process, serving to bridge the gap between cognitive psychology and the language sciences.
Are Customs and Border Protection (CBP) Apprehensions a Reliable Proxy for Undocumented Migration? A Research Note with New Data from Guatemala
Authors: Blanton Matthew
Published: October 2024

Researchers have long relied on United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) apprehension data as a proxy for undocumented migration, yet the last time their validity was assessed was in 1995. Significant changes in the composition of migrants and border crossings since then raise questions about their continued validity. In this research note, I provide an updated analysis using two independent data sources: the 2018 Guatemalan Census and annual estimates of undocumented Guatemalan arrivals to the United States from The Center for Migration Studies (CMS). Using descriptive and regression analyses, findings show a close alignment between apprehensions, household migrations reported in the Guatemalan census, and Guatemalan arrival estimates. Together, these results indicate that apprehensions remain a reliable indicator of migration flow despite recent changes in migration dynamics along the southern U.S. border.
Status returns to spatial mobility in the transition from school to work
Authors: Wicht Alexandra , Protsch Paula , Menze Laura , Weßling Katarina
Published: October 2024

Spatial mobility plays a crucial role in shaping social stratification processes. While previous research focused on adult workers’ monetary returns from commuting or relocating, early career gains in occupational status may be more significant from a life course perspective. We examine whether spatial mobility yields status returns for labor market entrants and, if so, how such returns might be stratified by young people’s local opportunity structures and their level of schooling. We use longitudinal data from the German National Educational Panel Study merged with fine-grained regional information and focus on transitions from school to Vocational Education and Training (VET). As a novel approach to address the methodological challenge of self-selection into spatial mobility, we propose incorporating young people’s occupational aspirations into the regression analysis. We show that mobile young people are more likely to get higher-status VET positions. Yet, being spatially mobile only pays off if young people commute or move away from structurally weak regions and for those with higher levels of schooling who are already privileged in status attainment. We conclude that young people can potentially overcome regional disadvantages through spatial mobility, while spatial mobility also tends to widen the gap in status attainment between educational groups.
Relaciones de umbral entre el impuesto a la salida de divisas y la inversión extranjera directa en Ecuador período 2008-2021
Authors: Juelas Yépez Emilia Vanessa , Zurita Moreano Eduardo Germán , Juelas Carrillo Patricio Daniel , González Bautista María Gabriela
Published: October 2024

La Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) es uno de los principales motores de desarrollo para las economías, sin embargo en  Ecuador sus flujos de ingreso han sido bajos y han coincidido con la aplicación del Impuesto a la Salida de Divisas (ISD), evidenciando que la aplicación de impuestos es un determinante de la IED, bajo estas premisas se busca determinar relaciones de umbral entre estas variables durante el 2008-2021, se plantearon teorías relacionadas y se realizó el tratamiento de datos, se realizó un modelo econométrico de regresión MCO, que demostró la relación inversa entre las variables indicando que por cada 1% de incremento en el ISD la IED va a disminuir en un 0,33%. Se aplicó el test de Chow para determinar cambios estructurales en la serie IED, este se situó en el cuarto trimestre del 2015, se encontró el valor umbral de la relación de las variables, utilizando la metodología de regresión por umbrales con variables dummy, el resultado corresponde a un nivel de recaudación de $248 millones, lo que pertenece a una tarifa del 5% , indicando que a valores tarifarios mayores al 5% y recaudatorios de $248 millones la IED se ralentiza y presenta una tendencia decreciente.
Saturn i Eros. Radość jako forma samowiedzy
Authors: Momro Jakub
Published: October 2024

Tekst jest próbą pokazania radości w nowoczesnej dialektyce wiedzy i urzeczowienia. Obie składowe tej dialektyki prowadzą w głąb teraźniejszych problemów z legitymizacją nauki. Wiedza melancholijna, uosabiana przez takie postaci jak Walter Benjamin czy Theodor W. Adorno stanowi rozwinięcie tego prymarnego napięcia w instrumentalizacji radości jako autarkicznego afektu (z jednej strony) oraz nominalistycznej utopii oraz fetyszyzmu bezpośredniości (z drugiej). W artykule „wiedzy melancholijnej” towarzyszą dwa inne rodzaje radości: Kantowska etyka serca, oraz Nietzscheańska „wiedza radosna”, obie pozornie fenomenologiczne docierają na skraj radości jako warunku możliwości lub niemożliwości życia i poznania. W ten sposób można zrozumieć napięcie, które prawdziwie radykalizuje nowoczesność radosną – rozpiętą między Saturnem i Erosem, między teoriopoznawczą krytyką a baśnią.
Memories of Joy for a Futureless World: Aesthetic and Political Commitment in Jasieński and Pasolini
Authors: Rowiński Krzysztof
Published: October 2024

Discussions of cultural disappearance are often couched in terms of nostalgia and tragedy. Bruno Jasieński in Bal manekinów and Pier Paolo Pasolini in Ragazzi di vita offer an alternative form of remembering disappearance through memories of joy, understood as a distinctly political practice. Acutely aware of the untenability of what they were celebrating (pockets of liberty from cultural uniformity, in local cultures and aesthetic experimentation, respectively), both writers maintained a sense of political commitment, offering a good broader model for thinking about a world without a future.
„W lesie, w drewnianym domku": o cnocie radości i szczęścia w najnowszym tomie Michaela Krügera
Authors: Marcinkiewicz Paweł
Published: October 2024

Michael Krüger is one of the most important poets of contemporary Europe, combining in his works many traditions of the old continent’s literature, from ancient Greece to twentieth-century Poland. In addition, strong American influences surface in his verse. While Krüger’s early work was a search for his own mode of expression through more or less faithful imitations of very different Polish and American poets, in his mature poems from the 2021 volume In the Forrest, in the Wooden House the Munich poet finds a highly original solution to the seemingly insoluble dilemma faced by all prominent artists since the beginning of the twentieth century: whether to depict the world realistically or, on the contrary, by means of aporia and abstraction? Krüger skillfully combines the “scenic mode” rhetoric typical of post-symbolic literature and the “poetics of indeterminacy” characteristic of postmodernism to create the autonomous poem. It is a realist work that resists interpretation because it contains elements that cannot be read in the realist plane. This peculiar Krüger’s late style is combined with his ostentatious predilection for Epicureanism, references to the poetry of Hesiod and his resort to a broad phrase, reminiscent of hexameter.
Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Land Cover Change and Oil Palm Expansion in Gunung Mas
Authors: Andini Putri , Nurlika Rahayu , Salma Yuriduna , Wicaksono Arditya
Published: October 2024

Abstract: The area of oil palm plantations in Indonesia has increased over time. The growth of oil palm plantations even exceeds the percentage of the area of paddy fields, especially in Gunung Mas Regency. This phenomenon is accompanied by the implementation of "Regional Regulation No. 1 of 2020 concerning Land Fire Control". The regulation aims to prevent land fires due to human activities. However, local people believe that burning can increase land productivity. As a result, many people convert their land to plant oil palm, because it is considered to guarantee economic improvement compared to paddy fields. Remote sensing satellite imagery is the basis and main source in the analysis. With spatio-temporal analysis, mapping of land use changes in a certain period of time and its relationship with the distribution of agricultural wet and dry areas. As a result, the proportion of palm oil land in Gunung Mas Regency is higher than the proportion of paddy fields. If oil palm expansion continues in the future, agricultural drought could become more widespread.
Keywords: Expansion of oil palm, Land use change, Paddy Fields, Remote sensing, Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Decisiones en reuniones de academia: el caso de un profesor de matemáticas
Authors: Miranda Viramontes Isaias , Gómez Blancarte Ana Luisa , Pérez Jiménez Wilmer Hilmar
Published: October 2024

Con base en los conceptos de competencia y experiencia de significado de la teoría de comunidades de práctica, se analiza el proceso de toma de decisiones de un profesor universitario de matemáticas, quien, en reuniones de academia, propone implementar una nueva estrategia de enseñanza. La metodología fue cualitativa, en su modalidad de estudio de caso. Los resultados indican que dicho proceso está influenciado por la interrelación entre reflexiones cotidianas del profesor y las exigencias de su institución educativa. Se concluye que las distintas prácticas en las que el profesor participa en su labor profesional contribuyen en sus decisiones.
SOME ISSUES OF THE EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION
Authors: Wang Ziye
Published: October 2024

There are many issues that need to be addressed in the education sector today. For example, improving the learning environment, availability of textbooks, effective organization of lessons, improvement of teaching technology, and increasing student participation in unit lessons. Among these, the question of educational evaluation and its importance, in particular, how teachers and students are evaluated, the types of assessment, and whether the assessment is realistic, is important today.
Evaluation is important in determining what a student's strengths and weaknesses are, what to focus on in the future, improving curricula, increasing learning efficiency, and making educational policy decisions about students. When teachers assess students, they tend to assess how well they have memorized or memorized what they have been taught, which undermines their creativity. Moreover, the widespread use of test methods, regardless of student participation in the assessment, casts doubt on the validity of the assessment. Internationally, however, the quality of education is often measured by student achievement.
Everyone knows the term education, but when asked what exactly it is, it is difficult to answer. In the twentieth century, behaviorist theorists regarded a knowledgeable person as an educated person, while in the twenty-first century constructivist theorists defined an educated person as a person with a certain level of knowledge, ability to adapt to the society in which he lives, and to work with others.
The mission of this research is to clarify how to evaluate in education and offer ways to deal with them in practical applications. There are used by the educational evaluation, to create survey or checklist, to report evaluation result, all these parts of evaluation process are extensively discussed in this article. Result of this research is that compare evaluation models and define the best evaluation way in education.
Iz Islovarja
Authors: Puc Katarina
Published: October 2024

Islovar je spletni terminološki slovar informatike, ki ga že več kot 20 let ureja jezikovna sekcija Slovenskega društva INFORMATIKA. Slovar je javno dostopen za vpoglede in vnašanje novih izrazov na naslovu http://www.islovar.org.
Gender approach in the state policy of Kazakhstan: the history of implementation, results and problems
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University,, Abdykulova G. , Musabalina G.
Published: October 2024

In the article the process of introducing a gender approach into the state policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, its historical stages and achievements was examined. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of gender initiatives, as well as an assessment of the effectiveness of government measures tak-en to achieve gender equality in the field of work. The objectives of the study include: a historical overview of the key stages of the introduction of a gender approach into public policy in Kazakhstan, an assessment of the impact of gender policy on the socio-economic development of the country, identification of problems on the way to the realization of gender equality. The relevance of the study is due to the need for a deep under-standing of the mechanisms for introducing a gender approach into the public policy of Kazakhstan and de-termining its effectiveness, which contributes to the development of more effective strategies to eliminate gender imbalances and increase the level of gender equality in society. The study aims to contribute to the scientific dialogue on gender studies in Kazakhstan by providing an analytical framework for further re-search. The chronological framework of the study covers the period from independence in 1991 to 2021, demonstrating a 30-year path of development of gender policy in Kazakhstan.
دور عناصر الرقابة الداخلية للحوكمة في تقويم الأداء وتقليل مخاطر الاستثمار بسوق الخرطوم للأوراق المالية (2018-2023)
Authors: حمزه عبد العال عبد الودود محمد
Published: October 2024

الأهداف: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى فحص الدور الرئيسي للرقابة الداخلية في حوكمة الشركات في تقييم الأداء وتقليل مخاطر الاستثمار في سوق الخرطوم للأوراق المالية. ومع ذلك، حاولت الدراسة توضيح مفاهيم حوكمة الشركات وعناصر الرقابة الداخلية لتحديد دورها في تحسين الأداء وتقليل مخاطر الاستثمار. المنهجية: اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي والمنهج التاريخي الاستردادي. تم تحديد مجتمع الدراسة من العاملين بسوق الخرطوم للأوراق المالية بالمستويات الإدارية الثلاثة والبالغ عددهم 200 موظف تم اخذهم جميعًا بنظام الحصر الشامل من ثم تم تصميم الاستبانة وتحكيمها ومن ثم توزيع 200 استبيان على جميع العاملين بسوق الخرطوم للأوراق المالية تم استرداد 190 استبانة فيما بلغت عدد الاستبانات التالفة وغير المستردة 10 استبانات فقط. النتائج: توصلت الدراسة إلى جملة من النتائج من بينها: وجود علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين عناصر الرقابة الداخلية للحوكمة وتقويم الأداء بسوق الخرطوم للأوراق المالية. وجود علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين عناصر الرقابة الداخلية للحوكمة وتقليل مخاطر الاستثمار بسوق الخرطوم للأوراق المالية. الخلاصة: استنادًا إلى هذه النتائج، قدمت الدراسة عدة توصيات، منها ضرورة نشر الوعي حول الرقابة الداخلية في الشركات بين الموظفين والالتزام بعملية الرقابة الداخلية. ويجب على الإدارة إجراء دراسات إضافية حول دور الرقابة الداخلية في تقليل مخاطر الاستثمار.
PROSPECTS FOR THE USE AND METHODS OF REDUCING ARABINOXYLANS OF WINTER RYE FEED GRAIN
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Rafael R. Ismagilov , Katerina V. Malyutina ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Rail R. Alimgafarov ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Roza R. Kayumova ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the research was to establish the nature and degree of influence of the methods of preparing the grain of winter rye for feeding and on the content of antinutrients in it. To achieve the goal of the research, laboratory experiments, laboratory analysis of the content of arabinoxylans in the grain by the orcinol-chloride method Albaum H.G. and Umbreit W.W. modified Hashimoto S. and the kinematic viscosity of the aqueous grain extract with the capillary viscometer VPZH-1 were carried out. Grain for laboratory analysis was grown in the Educational Scientific Center of the Bashkir GAU, located in the southern foreststeppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The results of studies of methods for reducing arabinoxylans in the grain of winter rye are presented. Extrusion, treatment with an ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic field (1.61 and 2.44 times, respectively) and enzyme preparations Fidbest-W and Cellolux-F significantly reduce the content of arabinoxylans and the viscosity of the aqueous grain extract. As a result of extrusion treatment, the content of arabinoxylans in the grain of winter rye decreased by 1.34 times, the kinematic viscosity of the aqueous extract – by 2.42 times. Extrusion of rye grain causes the breakdown of starch and a significant increase in soluble carbohydrates (by 19.9 percentage points). Grain treatment with microwaves (power 700 W and exposure 180 seconds) reduced the content of arabinoxylans by 1.44 percentage points and the kinematic viscosity of the aqueous extract by 2.44 times. Treatment with enzyme preparations Fidbest-W and CelloluxF with a norm of 100 mg/kg led to a decrease in the kinematic viscosity of the aqueous extract of winter rye grain by 9.8 and 7.3 times.
USE OF SECONDARY RESOURCES OF GRAPE PROCESSING IN PUBLIC CATERING TECHNOLOGY
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Leonova Svetlana A. , Gareeva Inzira T. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Koshchina Elena I. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Nikiforova Tamara A. ,   Orenburg State University, Nikulina Nelya Sh. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: October 2024

The yield of juice and squeezes from three varieties of grapes of the Bashkir selection – Karagai, Memory of Strelyaeva and Bashkir – was investigated. Optimal parameters of squeezes drying and milling are established to ensure optimal preservation of biologically active substances. Parameters for obtaining extracts from squeezes have been developed, which can be used in formulations of products such as marmalade and jelly. According to the combination of organoleptic and physicochemical properties, it was established that it is advisable to use extract of squeezes from grapes of the Karagai variety to obtain marmalade, and the Bashkirsky grape variety to make jelly.
IMPROVING THE MEAT CUTTER MACHINE PRODUCTIVITY BY USING A CHOPPER KNIFE WITH AN ADDITIONAL CUTTING EDGE
Authors:   South Ural State University, Ganenko Dmitry S. ,   South Ural State University
Published: October 2024

The article presents a technical solution to the issue of improving the meat cutter machine productivity by enhancing the total length of the chopper knife cutting edges. A chopper knife with an additional cutting edge was proposed. A mathematical model was developed to determine the productivity of the meat cutter machine. The calculations have shown that at the main cutting edge length of l1 = 0,25 m and at the additional cutting edge length of 0.125 m, the cutter machine productivity will improve by 38 %. The results confirm the advisability of using chopper knives with an additional cutting edge.
Visual Awareness and Its Impact on Sports Performance of Basketball Players in The Maldives
Authors: MohdAli Adilah , Nasir Mohamed Nashwan , Subri Sabrina
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aimed to assess the visual awareness and its impact on basketball performance among Maldivian basketball players. Material and Methods: A 16-item questionnaire about visual and ocular problems, perception towards eye health, and sports performance was distributed electronically to basketball players in the Maldives through various basketball organizations. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-Square test in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.Results: Eighty two Maldivian basketball players aged between 10-40 years, with sixty males, participated in this study. Data showed that only 30.5% of the respondents wore vision correction when playing basketball, none had undergone any visual training, and 20.7% never had any eye examination.Majority of those who underwent eye examination had more than two years since their last eye check-up. Visual difficulties during games were reported by 41.5% of the respondents, with blurry vision and eye injury being the most commonly reported visual symptom and ocular problem, respectively. Moreover, 70.7% of the players experienced inconsistent performance level and loss of concentration during games. There was a significant relationship between experiencing visual difficulties and inconsistent sports performance χ2 (1, N=82) =5.95, p-value=0.02. Conclusion: The visual awareness among Maldivian basketball players is generally low and this seems to be associated with their sports performance. Importance of using corrective/protective eyewear and attending regular eye examinations should be cultivated among athletes in the Maldives, aiming to improve the sports field in this country.