bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radical rubrics: implementing the critical and creative thinking general capability through an ecological approach
Authors: Harris Dan , Coleman Kathryn , Cook Peter J.
Published: April 2022

This article details how and why we have developed a flexible and responsive process-based rubric exemplar for teaching, learning, and assessing critical and creative thinking. We hope to contribute to global discussions of and efforts toward instrumentalising the challenge of assessing, but not standardising, creativity in compulsory education. Here, we respond to the key ideas of the four interrelated elements in the critical and creative thinking general capability in the Australian Curriculum learning continuum: inquiring; generating ideas, possibilities, actions; reflecting on thinking processes; and analysing, synthesising and evaluating reasoning and procedures. The rubrics, radical because they privilege process over outcome, have been designed to be used alongside the current NAPLAN tests in Years 5, 7 and 9 to build an Australian-based national creativity measure. We do so to argue the need for local and global measures of creativity in education as the first round of testing and results of the PISA Assessment of Creative Thinking approach and to contribute to the recognition of creative thinking (and doing) as a core twenty-first century literacy alongside literacy and numeracy.
Philanthropy, marketing disadvantage and the enterprising public school
Authors: Hogan Anna , Gerrard Jessica , Di Gregorio Elisa
Published: April 2022

Disadvantage in schooling is often constructed as a crisis in need of fixing. Global policy reforms tend to emphasise that solutions for disadvantage often lie beyond the capacity of the state, necessitating private/philanthropic intervention. This paper seeks to contribute to this line of analysis by investigating the rise of philanthropy in Australian public schooling. Our analysis focuses on the intermediary organisation, Schools Plus, which works to connect donors to disadvantaged public schools. Through qualitative content analysis and stakeholder interviews we demonstrate how philanthropy has come to be seen as a solution to the complex problem of disadvantage, or more specifically in this case, the perceived inadequacies of public education provision. The consequence of this, we suggest, is the changing of responsibility for addressing disadvantage from government to individual schools that have been able to establish an entrepreneurial culture to market their disadvantage.
Cover crop legacy impacts on soil water and nitrogen dynamics, and on subsequent crop yields in drylands: a meta-analysis
Authors: Garba Ismail I. , Bell Lindsay W. , Williams Alwyn
Published: April 2022

Cover crops can provide a wide range of ecosystem services including soil water conservation, improved soil nutrient supply and retention, and enhanced crop yields. However, achieving these services in dryland cropping systems can be highly challenging, and cover crops may carry a greater risk of causing ecosystem disservices. Assessment of the balance of ecosystem services vs disservices is critical for understanding the potential role of cover crops within dryland cropping systems. The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the effects of cover cropping in drylands on soil water and soil mineral nitrogen content at sowing of subsequent cash crops and their yields compared to control fallows. A total of 38 articles were examined, for a total of 1006 cash crop yield, 539 soil water, and 516 soil mineral nitrogen independent studies, spanning the period 1994–2021. On average, cover cropping reduced cash crop yield by 7%, soil water content by 18%, and soil mineral nitrogen by 25%, with significant variation across climates, soil types, and crop management conditions. Subsequent cash crop yields changed by +15, +4, −12, and −11% following cover crops in tropical, continental, dry, and temperate dryland climates, respectively. The most significant yield benefits were proportionate to soil water content and soil mineral nitrogen at the time of cash crop sowing. This is the first meta-analysis to demonstrate that minimum annual precipitation of ~700 mm represents a “break-even” point to realize significant cash crop yield benefits of cover cropping compared to control fallows in dryland environments. The successful incorporation of cover crops into dryland cropping systems requires careful planning based on context-specific biophysical conditions to minimize trade-offs between ecosystem services and disservices.
Semi-empirical correlations for predicting hot gas layer temperature in pre-flashover compartment fires considering fire source location
Authors: Lemmertz Calisa Katiuscia , Helfenstein Rodolfo Prediger , Beshir Mohamed , Rush David , Von Arnswaldt Wolfram Jahn , Centeno Felipe Roman
Published: April 2022

A series of numerical experiments have been carried out through a CFD code, namely Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), to analyze the influence of the fire heat source location (transversal, longitudinal and vertical positions) on the hot gas layer temperature (HGLT) in pre-flashover compartment fires. Knowing the HGLT helps engineers to predict the onset of flashover and to design fire safety systems, which give more time for evacuation procedures. Using these numerical data, and based on an energy balance on the upper layer, new semi-empirical correlations were developed to predict the HGLT in pre-flashover compartment fires, as a function of the fire source location, heat release rate, ventilation factor, surface area, effective heat transfer coefficient and ambient thermal properties. As an external validation of the newly developed correlations, their outcomes were tested against several sets of experimental data available in the literature, showing a good agreement. So, it is concluded that these improved correlations are capable to predict the HGLT for different pre-flashover fire scenarios, accounting to the position where the fire started.
Fetal Flat-Facies on Prenatal Ultrasound: Is it Chondrodysplasia Punctata? A Retrospective Chart Review of 62 Fetuses
Authors: Authreya Ashwini J. , Rajgopal Dhruva , Makam Adinarayana
Published: April 2022

Binder's or flat facies is one of the consistent features of Chondrodysplasia Punctata (CDP). However, it is yet unclear if isolated flat facies is a distinct entity or they represent a milder form of CDP. We aimed to study the prenatal ultrasound features in all fetuses with flat-facies and its association with CDP. We retrospectively reviewed 62 fetuses with flat-facies in the second/ third trimester for the presence of ultrasound (US) features of CDP. Significant maternal medical history, genetic tests and pregnancy outcomes, where available, were retrieved from hospital records. Forty-one cases had isolated flat-facies, 10 had flat-facies with other structural abnormalities, and 11 had all features of CDP. Epiphyseal stippling was found in all cases of CDP, with the proximal femur being the most common site. The karyotype, chromosomal microarray and clinical exome sequencing data, where available, were reported normal. Maternal systemic lupus erythematosus was positive in one CDP case. About one-third of fetuses with isolated flat-facies and nearly half of the CDP cases chose termination. Although isolated flat-facies may appear as a distinct entity, more post-natal follow-up data is required to ascertain if they are milder forms of CDP. Given the varied genetic and non-genetic causes of CDP, we formulated a diagnostic approach in fetal flat-facies to aid prenatal detection and counseling of CDP.
Internal Short Circuit Detection for Parallel-Connected Battery Cells Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Yang Niankai , Song Ziyou , Amini Mohammad Reza , Hofmann Heath
Published: April 2022

Reliable and timely detection of an internal short circuit (ISC) in lithium-ion batteries is important to ensure safe and efficient operation. This paper investigates ISC detection of parallel-connected battery cells by considering cell non-uniformity and sensor limitation (i.e., no independent current sensors for individual cells in a parallel string). To characterize ISC-related signatures in battery string responses, an electro-thermal model of parallel-connected battery cells is first established that explicitly captures ISC. By analyzing the data generated from the electro-thermal model, the distribution of surface temperature among individual cells within the battery string is identified as an indicator for ISC detection under the constraints of sensor limitations. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is then designed to estimate the ISC resistance by using the cell surface temperature and the total capacity of the string as inputs. Based on the estimated ISC resistance from CNN, the strings are classified as faulty or non-faulty to guide the examination or replacement of the battery. The algorithm is evaluated in the presence of signal noises in terms of accuracy, false alarm rate, and missed detection rate, verifying the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach.
Relevant to me: the integration of other people into the self-concept happens and depends on their current relevance
Authors: Schäfer Sarah , Baess Pamela , Frings Christian
Published: April 2022

In an environment, in which we are not only constantly surrounded by a vast amount of objects but also by other people most of the time, the interaction with others is inevitable and also very helpful. The ‘self’ seems to be a stable center in social contexts and whatever is associated with this self seems to influence the selection and processing of information. Hence, mechanisms of defining the “self” are an important topic in cognitive and social sciences. While previous studies already indicated that an integration of a potential partner into the self is possible, here the necessary conditions of such a partner-integration were put to test. A well-established paradigm was used, in which simple neutral stimuli were instructed to be related to a partner, who was also part of the experiment. Of particular interest was whether these newly formed partner-associations were also prioritized just like the associations including the self. The results of a first experiment indicated that partner-integration depended significantly on the perceived closeness to this person. A second experiment replicated this effect and extended it by revealing the independence of partner-integration on the presence of the partner. In sum, the results expand previous findings by demonstrating that the integration of another person is possible even if the setting does not foster it and by demonstrating the unimportance of physical presence. Partner-prioritization is discussed in social contexts and assumptions are formulated about how the self is represented and how it interacts with the representation of others.
Chemical Oceanography
Authors: Emerson Steven R. , Hamme Roberta C.
Published: April 2022

Chemical Oceanography: Element Fluxes in the Sea focuses on the use of chemical distributions to understand mechanisms of physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes in the ocean. After an introduction describing observed chemical concentrations, chapters focus on using chemical tracers to determine fluxes on a variety of time scales. Long-term chemical cycles are dominated by exchanges between seawater and land, sediments, and underwater volcanoes. Biological and ocean mixing processes dominate internal chemical cycles that respond to changes on hundred- to thousand-year time scales. Stable and radioactive isotopes trace the fluxes of nutrients and carbon to quantify the rates and mechanisms of chemical cycles. Anthropogenic influences - which have grown to be of the same magnitude as some natural cycles - are a specific focus throughout the book. Discussion boxes and quantitative problems help instructors to deepen student learning. Appendices enhance the book's utility as a reference text for students and researchers.
Farm productivity under financial constraints in developing countries: evidence from maize smallholder farmers in Burkina Faso
Authors: Combary Omer S.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we apply an indirect production function approach to analyze producers’ output and input allocation choices under expenditure constraints. Our estimation results show that financial constraints induced a nonoptimal usage of smallholder farm inputs, resulting in losses in potential productivity of approximately 25%. It appears that the presence of a binding expenditure constraint has led to an underutilization of fertilizer and manure as well as an overutilization of seed.
The Gharib Shah Rebellion of 1629
Authors: Birjandifar Nazak
Published: April 2022

The Gharib Shah Rebellion erupted in Gilan in 1629, shortly after the death of Shah ʿAbbas I and the ascension of Shah Safi I to the throne. A close engagement with Gilani chronicles reveals the uprising was motivated by anti-Safavid sentiment and a desire to restore autonomous rule in Gilan. The Gharib Shah Rebellion is best understood in the context of the series of post-conquest rebellions in Gilan, which had both political and economic motivations. It marked the final attempt to regain autonomy from the Safavids, nearly forty years after their conquest of the region. While messianism was not completely absent in Gilan in this period, it was not a factor in this rebellion and its role, in general, has been over-emphasized.
Functional Knowledge versus Strategic Knowledge: What Type of Knowledge Matters Most for the Long-Term Performance of Startups
Authors: Jiang Hong , Murmann Johann Peter
Published: April 2022

Past studies have shown that the flow of knowledge from incumbent firms is associated with the creation of startups and their subsequent performance. While much research has focused on the mechanisms of how incumbent-to-startup knowledge transfer takes place, such as entrepreneurs pursuing opportunities that their previous employers do not want to pursue, we explore with detailed qualitative analysis of six private startups in the Chinese synthetic-dye industry what type of knowledge actually flows and what type is more important for the long-term success of startups. We discover eight types of knowledge that flow from incumbents to new firms during the foundation of startups. Abstracting these eight types of knowledge into two general categories of functional knowledge and strategic knowledge, we find the reception of strategic (not functional) knowledge shapes the long-term competitiveness of surviving startups. Receiving technical knowledge – one type of functional knowledge – during the founding period is necessary for startups’ short-term survival but insufficient for long-term success. Our findings show that the performance implications of initial knowledge flows from incumbents hinge on the type of knowledge, contributing to a more explicit explanation of how incumbent-to-startup knowledge flows affect entrepreneurial performance.
Building Organizations as Communities: A Multicase Study of Community Institutional Logic at Chinese Firms
Authors: Han Yi Hubert , Yao Jingjing
Published: April 2022

The fact that many Chinese business organizations incorporate social function units into their structures as well as social services into their practice has surprisingly received insufficient attention in organization studies. To theorize an organizational model that resembles community building in many aspects, we conduct case studies on this phenomenon and explain it from a new perspective, focusing on community arrangement within organizations. Our study draws on theoretical insights from institutional logic perspectives and builds a new conceptual schema through which to view organizations as communities. In our case studies of five firms in four cities, we find that, despite changes in the larger society, these Chinese firms built and maintained a model for organizations that communities can be embedded in organizations of various scales and in various industries. This community model of organizations offers new theoretical insights into organizations more broadly and has practical implications for improving the quality of employees’ work life.
Statistically Valid Inferences from Differentially Private Data Releases, with Application to the Facebook URLs Dataset
Authors: Evans Georgina , King Gary
Published: April 2022

We offer methods to analyze the “differentially private” Facebook URLs Dataset which, at over 40 trillion cell values, is one of the largest social science research datasets ever constructed. The version of differential privacy used in the URLs dataset has specially calibrated random noise added, which provides mathematical guarantees for the privacy of individual research subjects while still making it possible to learn about aggregate patterns of interest to social scientists. Unfortunately, random noise creates measurement error which induces statistical bias—including attenuation, exaggeration, switched signs, or incorrect uncertainty estimates. We adapt methods developed to correct for naturally occurring measurement error, with special attention to computational efficiency for large datasets. The result is statistically valid linear regression estimates and descriptive statistics that can be interpreted as ordinary analyses of nonconfidential data but with appropriately larger standard errors.
The Competing Influence of Policy Content and Political Cues: Cross-Border Evidence from the United States and Canada
Authors: WILLIAMS ISABEL , GRAVELLE TIMOTHY B. , KLAR SAMARA
Published: April 2022

When individuals evaluate policies, they consider both the policy’s content and its endorsers. In this study, we investigate the conditions under which these sometimes competing factors guide preferences. In an effort to combat the spread of COVID-19, American President Trump and Canadian Prime Minister Trudeau bilaterally agreed to close their shared border to refugee claimants and asylum seekers. These ideologically opposed leaders endorsing a common policy allows us to test the influence of a well-known foreign neighbor on domestic policy evaluations. With a large cross-national survey experiment, we first find that Canadians and Americans follow ideological positions in evaluating the policy, with right-leaning respondents offering the most support. With an experiment, we reveal how both populations shift their views when told about their neighboring leader’s endorsement. Our findings highlight ideologically motivated reasoning across an international border, with broad implications for understanding how individuals weigh a policy’s content against its political cues.
Not All Who Ascend Remain: Afro-Asian Jewish Returnees from Israel
Authors: Roby Bryan K.
Published: April 2022

In the wake of Israeli Black Panther activism in the mid-1970s, the Arab League invited Mizrahi (Afro-Asian) Jews, especially those in Israel, to return to their homeland. Some Israelis used the invitation as an opportunity to highlight the extent of anti-Mizrahi discrimination by departing for the Arab world. Albeit small in number in comparison to those who left Israel for other destinations, those who repatriated made a huge impact on perceptions of Israeli emigres. Their importance rested not in their numbers but in the significant threat posed to the Israeli establishment. Afro-Asian Jewish repatriation sent a message that the Zionist project, particularly as the opposing nationalist movement to Pan-Arabism, was a failure.
Childhood adversity, combat experiences, and military sexual trauma: a test and extension of the stress sensitization hypothesis
Authors: Davis Jordan P. , Prindle John , Saba Shaddy , Lee Daniel S. , Leightley Daniel , Tran Denise D. , Sedano Angeles , Fitzke Reagan , Castro Carl A. , Pedersen Eric R.
Published: April 2022

Background

U.S. veterans report high rates of traumatic experiences and mental health symptomology [e.g. posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)]. The stress sensitization hypothesis posits experiences of adversity sensitize individuals to stress reactions which can lead to greater psychiatric problems. We extend this hypothesis by exploring how multiple adversities such as early childhood adversity, combat-related trauma, and military sexual trauma related to heterogeneity in stress over time and, subsequently, greater risk for PTSD.

Methods

1230 veterans were recruited for an observational, longitudinal study. Veterans responded to questionnaires on PTSD, stress, and traumatic experiences five times over an 18-month study period. We used latent transition analysis to understand how heterogeneity in adverse experiences is related to transition into stress trajectory classes. We also explored how transition patterns related to PTSD symptomology.

Results

Across all models, we found support for stress sensitization. In general, combat trauma in combinations with other types of adverse experiences, namely early childhood adversity and military sexual trauma, imposed a greater probability of transitioning into higher risk stress profiles. We also showed differential effects of early childhood and military-specific adversity on PTSD symptomology.

Conclusion

The present study rigorously integrates both military-specific and early life adversity into analysis on stress sensitivity, and is the first to examine how sensitivity might affect trajectories of stress over time. Our study provides a nuanced, and specific, look at who is risk for sensitization to stress based on previous traumatic experiences as well as what transition patterns are associated with greater PTSD symptomology.
Effect of massed v. standard prolonged exposure therapy on PTSD in military personnel and veterans: a non-inferiority randomised controlled trial
Authors: Dell Lisa , Sbisa Alyssa M. , Forbes Andrew , O'Donnell Meaghan , Bryant Richard , Hodson Stephanie , Morton David , Battersby Malcolm , Tuerk Peter W. , Wallace Duncan , Forbes David
Published: April 2022

Background

A short, effective therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) could decrease barriers to implementation and uptake, reduce dropout, and ameliorate distressing symptoms in military personnel and veterans. This non-inferiority RCT evaluated the efficacy of 2-week massed prolonged exposure (MPE) therapy compared to standard 10-week prolonged exposure (SPE), the current gold standard treatment, in reducing PTSD severity in both active serving and veterans in a real-world health service system.

Methods

This single-blinded multi-site non-inferiority RCT took place in 12 health clinics across Australia. The primary outcome was PTSD symptom severity measured by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) at 12 weeks. 138 military personnel and veterans with PTSD were randomised. 71 participants were allocated to SPE, with 63 allocated to MPE.

Results

The intention-to-treat sample included 138 participants, data were analysed for 134 participants (88.1% male, M = 46 years). The difference between the mean MPE and SPE group PTSD scores from baseline to 12 weeks-post therapy was 0.94 [95% confidence interval (CI) −4.19 to +6.07]. The upper endpoint of the 95% CI was below +7, indicating MPE was non-inferior to SPE. Significant rates of loss of PTSD diagnosis were found for both groups (MPE 53.8%, SPE 54.1%). Dropout rates were 4.8% (MPE) and 16.9% (SPE).

Conclusions

MPE was non-inferior to SPE in significantly reducing symptoms of PTSD. Significant reductions in symptom severity, low dropout rates, and loss of diagnosis indicate MPE is a feasible, accessible, and effective treatment. Findings demonstrate novel methods to deliver gold-standard treatments for PTSD should be routinely considered.
Food and Power in Early Medieval England: a Lack of (Isotopic) Enrichment
Authors: Leggett Sam , Lambert Tom
Published: April 2022

This work tackles long held assumptions in both archaeology and history surrounding elite diets in early medieval England i.e., that higher status individuals had a more meat-heavy diet and that this was especially true for males. We utilise the largest isotopic dataset on early medieval diets to date to show that not only were high protein diets extremely rare in England before Scandinavian settlement, but that dietary differences cannot be linked to gender or social status from the funerary record. Comparisons with the calculations made in our companion article and the bioarchaeological evidence demonstrate further that the lists of food demanded by eighth-century kings were not the basis for regular elite diet, and that these texts probably represent the supplies for infrequent feasts.
Ultrafine-Grained Microstructures of Al–Cu Alloys with Hypoeutectic and Hypereutectic Composition Produced by Extrusion Combined with Reversible Torsion
Authors: Rodak Kinga , Rzychoń Tomasz , Mikuszewski Tomasz , Chmiela Bartosz , Sozańska Maria , Boczkal Sonia
Published: April 2022

In this study, binary as-cast Al–Cu alloys: Al25Cu (Al–25%Cu) and Al45Cu (Al–45%Cu) (in wt%) were severely plastically deformed by extrusion combined with a reversible torsion (KoBo) method to produce an ultrafine-grained structure (UFG). The binary Al–Cu alloys consist of α-Al and intermetallic Al2Cu phases. The morphology and volume fraction of α-Al and Al2Cu phases depend on the Cu content. The KoBo process was carried out using extrusion ratios of λ = 30 and λ = 98. The effect of phase refinement has been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy with electron backscattering diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were assessed using compression tests. Detailed microstructural analysis shows that after the KoBo process, a large number fraction of high-angle boundaries (HABs) and a very fine grain structure (~2–4 μm) in both phases are created. An increase of λ ratio during the KoBo processing leads to a decrease in average grain size of α-Al and Al2Cu phases and an increase in fraction of HABs. UFG microstructure and high fraction of HABs provide the grain boundary sliding mechanism during KoBo deformation. UFG microstructure contributes to the enhanced mechanical properties. Compressive strength (Rc) of Al25Cu alloy increases from 172 to 340 MPa with an increase of λ. Compressive strain (Sc) for Al25Cu alloy increased from 35 to 67% with an increase of λ. High fraction of intermetallic phase in Al45Cu alloy was responsible for room temperature strengthening of alloy and low compressive strain. The deformed Al45Cu alloy with λ = 30 showed that Rc is 194 MPa and Sc is equal to 10%.
Race-making, religion and rights in the post-colony: unmasking the pathogen in assembling a Hindu nation
Authors: Kapur Ratna
Published: April 2022

This paper intervenes in critical socio-legal/post-colonial scholarship on human rights directed at how religion is constitutive of race and shapes who and what is regarded as ‘human’ and entitled to rights. It focuses on the Indian post-colony and legal persecution of the Tablighi Jamaat, a global, quietest Islamic movement, by the Hindu Right government during the Covid pandemic. It analyses how religion structures race in Hindu nationalist discourse to transform the Muslim into a perpetual outsider and an existential and epistemic threat to the Hindu nation and rights of the Hindu racial majority. The discussion connects to the epistemic anxiety generated by the alternative worldviews presented by this racialised ‘Other’ that shape legal consciousness and rights interventions globally. In complicating how anti-Muslim racism and Islamophobia are integral to the transnational histories of race and race-making, the analysis triggers a rethinking of human rights interventions and the epistemological closures they enact.
Similar yet not the Same: Right-Wing Populist Parties' Stances on Religion in Germany and the Netherlands
Authors: Beuter Christopher , Kortmann Matthias
Published: April 2022

Applying a qualitative framing analysis, this paper examines narratives of the right-wing populist parties Alternative for Germany (AfD) and the Party for Freedom (PVV) in the Netherlands on religion. The paper argues that references of these populist parties to religion can be interpreted against the background of specific national context factors such as the respective history of nation building, the traditional role of religion in society and secularization processes. A rigorous examination of parliamentary documents published between 2017 and 2019 shows that whereas the PVV clearly defines Christianity in civilizational and not religious terms, the AfD takes a less clear-cut stance toward the religion framing it both as culture and faith. We contend that this difference can be explained by the lower degree of secularization and the greater role of Christianity as a collective identity marker in post-war Germany.
Petrophysics of Chicxulub Impact Crater's Peak Ring
Authors: Le Ber E. , Loggia D. , Denchik N. , Lofi J. , Kring D. A. , Sardini P. , Siitari‐Kauppi M. , Pezard P. , Olivier G. ,   IODP‐ICDP Expedition 364 Science Party
Published: April 2022

A new set of physical property measurements was undertaken on 29 peak‐ring samples from the IODP‐ICDP Expedition 364. Among the studied lithologies, the dominant one recovered in the peak ring consists of shocked granitoid rocks (19 samples). Porosity measurements with two independent methods (triple weight and 14C‐PMMA porosity mapping) concur and bring new observations on the intensity and distribution of fracturing and porosity in these shocked target rocks. Characterization of the porous network is taken a step further with two other independent methods (electrical and permeability measurements). Electrical properties such as the cementation exponent (1.59 < m < 1.87) and the formation factor (21 < F < 103) do not compare with other granites from the published literature; they point at a type of porosity closer to clastic sedimentary rocks than to crystalline rocks. Permeabilities of the granitoid rocks range from 0.1 to 7.1 mD under an effective pressure of ∼10 MPa. Unlike other fresh to deformed and altered granitoid rocks from the literature compared in this study, this permeability appears to be relatively insensitive to increasing stress (up to ∼40 MPa), with implications for the nature of the porous network, again, behaving more like cemented clastic rocks than fractured crystalline rocks. Other analyzed lithologies include suevite and impact melt rocks. Relatively low permeability (10−3 mD) measured in melt‐rich facies suggest that, at the matrix scale, these lithologies cutting through more permeable peak‐ring granitoid rocks may have been a barrier to fluid flow, with implications for hydrothermal systems.
Rapid Conjugate Appearance of the Giant Ionospheric Lamb Wave Signatures in the Northern Hemisphere After Hunga‐Tonga Volcano Eruptions
Authors: Lin Jia‐Ting , Rajesh Panthalingal K. , Lin Charles C. H. , Chou Min‐Yang , Liu Jann‐Yenq , Yue Jia , Hsiao Tung‐Yuan , Tsai Ho‐Fang , Chao Hoi‐Man , Kung Mu‐Min
Published: April 2022

The explosive eruption of the Hunga‐Tonga volcano in the southwest Pacific at 0415UT on 15 January 2022 triggered gigantic atmospheric disturbances with surface air pressure waves propagating around the globe in Lamb mode. In space, concentric traveling ionosphere disturbances (CTIDs) are also observed as a manifestation of air pressure waves in New Zealand ∼0500UT and Australia ∼0630UT. As soon as the air pressure waves reached central Australia ∼0800UT, conjugate CTIDs appeared almost simultaneously in the northern hemispheres through interhemispheric coupling, much earlier than the arrival of the surface air pressure waves to Japan after 1100UT. Combining observations over Australia and Japan between 0800 and 1000UT, both direct and conjugate CTIDs show similar horizontal phase velocities of 320–390 m/s, matching with the dispersion relation of Lamb mode. The arrival of atmospheric Lamb wave to Japan later created in situ CTIDs showing the same Lamb mode characteristics as the earlier conjugate CTIDs.
Ultrafast low-pump fluence all-optical modulation based on graphene-metal hybrid metasurfaces
Authors: Basiri Ali , Rafique Md Zubair Ebne , Bai Jing , Choi Shinhyuk , Yao Yu
Published: April 2022

Graphene is an attractive material for all-optical modulation because of its ultrafast optical response and broad spectral coverage. However, all-optical graphene modulators reported so far require high pump fluence due to the ultrashort photo-carrier lifetime and limited absorption in graphene. We present modulator designs based on graphene-metal hybrid plasmonic metasurfaces with highly enhanced light-graphene interaction in the nanoscale hot spots at pump and probe (signal) wavelengths. Based on this design concept, we have demonstrated high-speed all-optical modulators at near and mid-infrared wavelengths (1.56 μm and above 6 μm) with significantly reduced pump fluence (1–2 orders of magnitude) and enhanced optical modulation. Ultrafast near-infrared pump-probe measurement results suggest that the modulators’ response times are ultimately determined by graphene’s ultrafast photocarrier relaxation times on the picosecond scale. The proposed designs hold the promise to address the challenges in the realization of ultrafast all-optical modulators for mid-and far-infrared wavelengths.
Obesity-induced elevated palmitic acid promotes inflammation and glucose metabolism disorders through GPRs/NF-κB/KLF7 pathway
Authors: Qiu Tongtong , Yang Xin , Wang Jingzhou , Pan Chongge , Chu Xiaolong , Xiong Jianyu , Xie Jianxin , Chang Yongsheng , Wang Cuizhe , Zhang Jun
Published: April 2022

Objective

Our previous results have shown that obesity-induced excessive palmitic acid (PA) can promote the expression of KLF7, which plays a vital role in regulation of inflammation, glucose metabolism. But the exact mechanism of PA up-regulating the expression of KLF7 is not clear yet. This study is intend to explore whether PA promoting KLF7 expression through GPRs/NF-κB signaling pathway, causing inflammation and glucose metabolism disorders.

Methods

Cells were blocked GPRs/NF-κB under PA stimulation in vitro to demonstrate the molecular mechanism of PA up-regulates KLF7 expression. The regulatory effect of p65 on KLF7 was detected by luciferase reporter gene assay. Blocking GPRs/NF-κB in diet-induced obesity mice to detect the expression of KLF7, inflammatory cytokines and glucose metabolism related factors, clarifying the effects of GPRs/NF-κB on KLF7 in vivo.

Results

In 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HepG2 cells, PA could up-regulate the expression of KLF7 by promoting the GPR40/120-NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to inflammation and reduced glucose consumption (p < 0.05 for both). Luciferase reporter gene assay and ChIP assay showed that p65 could transcriptionally up-regulates the expression of KLF7. In high-fat diet (HFD) mice, after intraperitoneal injection of GPR40 or GPR120 blocker, the levels of p-p65 and KLF7 in epididymal white adipose tissue and liver were significantly decreased (p < 0.05 for both). Pharmacological inhibition of p-p65 significantly attenuated KLF7 expression and improved glucose tolerant and insulin sensitive (p < 0.05 for both).

Conclusions

Our results indicate that obesity-induced elevated palmitic acid promotes inflammation and glucose metabolism disorders through GPRs/NF-κB/KLF7 signaling pathway.
Salt-Inducible Kinase 1 is a potential therapeutic target in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor
Authors: Hartono Alifiani Bonita , Kang Hong-Jun , Shi Lawrence , Phipps Whitney , Ungerleider Nathan , Giardina Alexandra , Chen WeiPing , Spraggon Lee , Somwar Romel , Moroz Krzysztof , Drewry David H. , Burow Matthew E. , Flemington Erik , Ladanyi Marc , Lee Sean Bong
Published: April 2022

Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor (DSRCT) is a rare and aggressive malignant cancer caused by a chromosomal translocation t(11;22)(p13;q12) that produces an oncogenic transcription factor, EWSR1-WT1. EWSR1-WT1 is essential for the initiation and progression of DSRCT. However, the precise mechanism by which EWSR1-WT1 drives DSRCT oncogenesis remains unresolved. Through our integrative gene expression analysis, we identified Salt Inducible Kinase 1 (SIK1) as a direct target of EWSR1-WT1. SIK1 as a member of the AMPK related kinase is involved in many biological processes. We showed that depletion of SIK1 causes inhibition of tumor cell growth, similar to the growth inhibition observed when EWSR1-WT1 is depleted. We further showed that silencing SIK1 leads to cessation of DNA replication in DSRCT cells and inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. Lastly, combined inhibition of SIK1 and CHEK1with small molecule inhibitors, YKL-05-099 and prexasertib, respectively, showed enhanced cytotoxicity in DSRCT cells compared to inhibition of either kinases alone. This work identified SIK1 as a new potential therapeutic target in DSRCT and the efficacy of SIK1 inhibition may be improved when combined with other intervention strategies.
Challenges and progress toward tumor-targeted therapy by systemic delivery of polymer-complexed oncolytic adenoviruses
Authors: Thambi Thavasyappan , Hong JinWoo , Yoon A-Rum , Yun Chae-Ok
Published: April 2022

Oncolytic adenovirus (oAd) elicits antitumor activity by preferential viral replication in cancer cells. However, poor systemic administrability or suboptimal intratumoral retainment of the virus remains a major challenge toward maximizing the antitumor activity of oAd in a clinical environment. To surmount these issues, a variety of non-immunogenic polymers has been used to modify the surface of oAds chemically or physically. Complexation of oAd with polymers can effectively evade the host immune response and reduces nonspecific liver sequestration. The tumor-specific delivery of these complexes can be further improved upon by inclusion of tumor-targeting moieties on the surface. Therefore, modification of the Ad surface using polymers is viewed as a potential strategy to enhance the delivery of Ad via systemic administration. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of polymer-complexed Ads, their progress, and future challenges in cancer treatment.
Effects of chronic consumption of specific fruit (berries, cherries and citrus) on cognitive health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Wang Yueyue , Haskell-Ramsay Crystal , Gallegos Jose Lara , Lodge John K.
Published: April 2022

Objectives

The cognitive-protective effects related to the consumption of a variety of fruits are supported by several intervention studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the magnitude of effects following chronic (≥1 week) consumption of frozen, freeze-dried powder including extracts and juices of fruits, covering berries, cherries and citrus, on cognition and mood in adults.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and psycARTICLES were searched from inception until February, 2021. Inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials assessing memory, executive function, psychomotor speed, mood and mini mental state examination in adult participants ≥18 years of age. Cognition was tested by global or domain specific tasks.

Results

Out of 13,861 articles identified, 16 papers were included; 11 studies provided suitable data for meta-analysis. Fourteen studies reported improvement or trend for improvement in cognition, five studies assessed mood and one study supplementing grape juice found trend for mood improvement. From the meta-analysis, cherry juice supplementation was suggested to improve psychomotor speed by −0.37 of standardised mean difference (95% CI [−0.74, 0.01]) in reaction time (P = 0.05).

Conclusions

The meta-analysis did not sufficiently support a role for fruits or fruit forms to improve cognition and mood.
Solar geoengineering could redistribute malaria risk in developing countries
Authors: Carlson Colin J. , Colwell Rita , Hossain Mohammad Sharif , Rahman Mohammed Mofizur , Robock Alan , Ryan Sadie J. , Alam Mohammad Shafiul , Trisos Christopher H.
Published: April 2022

Solar geoengineering is often framed as a stopgap measure to decrease the magnitude, impacts, and injustice of climate change. However, the benefits or costs of geoengineering for human health are largely unknown. We project how geoengineering could impact malaria risk by comparing current transmission suitability and populations-at-risk under moderate and high greenhouse gas emissions scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5) with and without geoengineering. We show that if geoengineering deployment cools the tropics, it could help protect high elevation populations in eastern Africa from malaria encroachment, but could increase transmission in lowland sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia. Compared to extreme warming, we find that by 2070, geoengineering would nullify a projected reduction of nearly one billion people at risk of malaria. Our results indicate that geoengineering strategies designed to offset warming are not guaranteed to unilaterally improve health outcomes, and could produce regional trade-offs among Global South countries that are often excluded from geoengineering conversations.
Targeting brain lesions of non-small cell lung cancer by enhancing CCL2-mediated CAR-T cell migration
Authors: Li Hongxia , Harrison Emily B. , Li Huizhong , Hirabayashi Koichi , Chen Jing , Li Qi-Xiang , Gunn Jared , Weiss Jared , Savoldo Barbara , Parker Joel S. , Pecot Chad V. , Dotti Gianpietro , Du Hongwei
Published: April 2022

Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains largely incurable and the prognosis is extremely poor once it spreads to the brain. In particular, in patients with brain metastases, the blood brain barrier (BBB) remains a significant obstacle for the biodistribution of antitumor drugs and immune cells. Here we report that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting B7-H3 (B7-H3.CAR) exhibit antitumor activity in vitro against tumor cell lines and lung cancer organoids, and in vivo in xenotransplant models of orthotopic and metastatic NSCLC. The co-expression of the CCL2 receptor CCR2b in B7-H3.CAR-T cells, significantly improves their capability of passing the BBB, providing enhanced antitumor activity against brain tumor lesions. These findings indicate that leveraging T-cell chemotaxis through CCR2b co-expression represents a strategy to improve the efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapies in patients with solid tumors presenting with brain metastases.
Single cell transcriptomic analysis reveals cellular diversity of murine esophageal epithelium
Authors: Kabir Mohammad Faujul , Karami Adam L. , Cruz-Acuña Ricardo , Klochkova Alena , Saxena Reshu , Mu Anbin , Murray Mary Grace , Cruz Jasmine , Fuller Annie D. , Clevenger Margarette H. , Chitrala Kumaraswamy Naidu , Tan Yinfei , Keith Kelsey , Madzo Jozef , Huang Hugh , Jelinek Jaroslav , Karakasheva Tatiana , Hamilton Kathryn E. , Muir Amanda B. , Tétreault Marie-Pier , Whelan Kelly A.
Published: April 2022

Although morphologic progression coupled with expression of specific molecular markers has been characterized along the esophageal squamous differentiation gradient, the molecular heterogeneity within cell types along this trajectory has yet to be classified at the single cell level. To address this knowledge gap, we perform single cell RNA-sequencing of 44,679 murine esophageal epithelial, to identify 11 distinct cell populations as well as pathways alterations along the basal-superficial axis and in each individual population. We evaluate the impact of aging upon esophageal epithelial cell populations and demonstrate age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction. We compare single cell transcriptomic profiles in 3D murine organoids and human esophageal biopsies with that of murine esophageal epithelium. Finally, we employ pseudotemporal trajectory analysis to develop a working model of cell fate determination in murine esophageal epithelium. These studies provide comprehensive molecular perspective on the cellular heterogeneity of murine esophageal epithelium in the context of homeostasis and aging.
Mn2+-activated dual-wavelength emitting materials toward wearable optical fibre temperature sensor
Authors: Song Enhai , Chen Meihua , Chen Zitao , Zhou Yayun , Zhou Weijie , Sun Hong-Tao , Yang Xianfeng , Gan Jiulin , Ye Shi , Zhang Qinyuan
Published: April 2022

Photothermal sensing is crucial for the creation of smart wearable devices. However, the discovery of luminescent materials with suitable dual-wavelength emissions is a great challenge for the construction of stable wearable optical fibre temperature sensors. Benefiting from the Mn2+-Mn2+ superexchange interactions, a dual-wavelength (530/650 nm)-emitting material Li2ZnSiO4:Mn2+ is presented via simple increasing the Mn2+ concentration, wherein the two emission bands have different temperature-dependent emission behaviours, but exhibit quite similar excitation spectra. Density functional theory calculations, coupled with extended X-ray absorption fine structure and electron-diffraction analyses reveal the origins of the two emission bands in this material. A wearable optical temperature sensor is fabricated by incorporating Li2ZnSiO4:Mn2+ in stretchable elastomer-based optical fibres, which can provide thermal-sensitive emissions at dual- wavelengths for stable ratiometric temperature sensing with good precision and repeatability. More importantly, a wearable mask integrated with this stretchable fibre sensor is demonstrated for the detection of physiological thermal changes, showing great potential for use as a wearable health monitor. This study also provides a framework for creating transition-metal-activated luminescence materials.
Inducing and tuning Kondo screening in a narrow-electronic-band system
Authors: Shen Shiwei , Wen Chenhaoping , Kong Pengfei , Gao Jingjing , Si Jianguo , Luo Xuan , Lu Wenjian , Sun Yuping , Chen Gang , Yan Shichao
Published: April 2022

Although the single-impurity Kondo physics has already been well understood, the understanding of the Kondo lattice where a dense array of local moments couples to the conduction electrons is still far from complete. The ability of creating and tuning the Kondo lattice in non-f-electron systems will be great helpful for further understanding the Kondo lattice behavior. Here we show that the Pb intercalation in the charge-density-wave-driven narrow-electronic-band system 1T-TaS2 induces a transition from the insulating gap to a sharp Kondo resonance in the scanning tunneling microscopy measurements. It results from the Kondo screening of the localized moments in the 13-site Star-of-David clusters of 1T-TaS2. As increasing the Pb concentration, the narrow electronic band derived from the localized electrons shifts away from the Fermi level and the Kondo resonance peak is gradually suppressed. Our results pave the way for creating and tuning many-body electronic states in layered narrow-electronic-band materials.
Early microbial markers of periodontal and cardiometabolic diseases in ORIGINS
Authors: Marotz Clarisse , Molinsky Rebecca , Martino Cameron , Bohn Bruno , Roy Sumith , Rosenbaum Michael , Desvarieux Moïse , Yuzefpolskaya Melana , Paster Bruce J. , Jacobs David R. , Colombo Paolo C. , Papapanou Panos N. , Knight Rob , Demmer Ryan T.
Published: April 2022

Periodontitis affects up to 50% of individuals worldwide, and 8.5% are diagnosed with diabetes. The high-comorbidity rate of these diseases may suggest, at least in part, a shared etiology and pathophysiology. Changes in oral microbial communities have been documented in the context of severe periodontitis and diabetes, both independently and together. However, much less is known about the early oral microbial markers of these diseases. We used a subset of the ORIGINS project dataset, which collected detailed periodontal and cardiometabolic information from 787 healthy individuals, to identify early microbial markers of periodontitis and its association with markers of cardiometabolic health. Using state-of-the-art compositional data analysis tools, we identified the log-ratio of Treponema to Corynebacterium bacteria to be a novel Microbial Indicator of Periodontitis (MIP), and found that this MIP correlates with poor periodontal health and cardiometabolic markers early in disease pathogenesis in both subgingival plaque and saliva.