bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development, optimization, and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of ranitidine hydrochloride resinate sustained release suspension
Authors: Han Meiping , Du Yi , Wu Xiaowen , Zhang Xin , Yang Quanzhu , Firempong Caleb Kesse , Liu Hongfei , Li Dongli
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To prepare ranitidine hydrochloride (RH) sustained-release suspension aimed at improving its safety, effectiveness and convenience of administration. Methods: The RH resinate suspension was prepared using bath method, with a cation- exchange resin as carrier. To obtain an ideal sustained release effect, RH resinates were coated with Eudragit®RS100 using the surface coating method, followed by optimization through a single-factor experiment and response surface analysis. The optimized RH suspension was characterized using accelerated stability test. Moreover, it was pharmacokinetically evaluated in vivo. Results: The optimized RH resin microcapsules showed relative mean deviation between the predicted and measured release values that was < 10 %, (p < 0.05) and demonstrated good reproducibility. Accelerated stability test results showed that the optimized RH suspension exhibited good stability over a period of 6 months (F > 0.9; drug content: 97 – 100 %, drug release: f2 > 50; drug leakage < 0.5 %), with good redispersibility. Results from pharmacokinetics showed that values of Tmax for RH sustained-release suspension and RH common tablet were 4.00 and 2.5 h, respectively (p < 0.05), while the corresponding Cmax values were 2545.78 and 3245.97 ng/mL, respectively (p < 0.05). Results of analysis of AUC0-24 showed that they were equivalent in terms of AUC0-24 (p < 0.05) and bioavailability of 101.05%. Conclusion: The optimized ranitidine hydrochloride (RH) sustained-release suspension has been successfully prepared using ion-exchange resin as a carrier and Eudragit® RS100 as a coating material.
A network pharmacology based investigation on the underlying mechanism of Huqian Wan against osteoporosis
Authors: Zhuo Mengchuan , Song Zhoufeng
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of Huqian Wan (HQW) in the treatment of osteoporosis (OP) using a network pharmacology-based strategy. Methods: The bioactive components and their targets of HQW, as well as OP-related targets were identified using public databases, and online predictive tools. Functional enrichment analyses were performed using Metascape platform. Network construction and analysis were conducted using Cytoscape software, while molecular docking was performed to analyze molecular binding affinities using AutoDock software. Results: A database retrieval identification of HQW contained 128 active components and 482 targets, 85 of which overlapped with OP-related genes and were considered potential targets for HQW treatment of OP. Protein interaction analysis revealed five key targets, including AKT1, IL6, VEGFA, IL1B, and CASP3. Functional annotation and pathways enrichment analyses showed that the 85 targets were significantly enriched in interleukin-related signal pathways, inflammatory response, and cell proliferation. Moreover, network topology analysis showed that quercetin, kaempferol, nobiletin, tetradecanoic acid, and palmitic acid are the most important 5 active components. Sankey diagram illustrated the herb-component-target connections in osteoclast differentiation and demonstrated that PPARG was the most affected target. Molecular docking revealed the potential binding pose and affinity between PPARG and active compounds. Conclusion: This systemic characterization of the active components and molecular mechanisms of HQW's treatment of OP will drive subsequent mechanistic and clinical research, and provide a new approach to understanding the mechanism of complex traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
Network pharmacology integrated molecular docking demonstrates the therapeutic mode of Panax ginseng against ovarian cancer
Authors: Sun Xiao-Fei , Singh Salam Pradeep
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To investigate the mode of action of the active ingredients of Panax ginseng against ovarian cancer protein targets elucidated using a network pharmacology approach and molecular docking study. Methods: An integrated protein-protein interactions (PPI) network targeting ovarian cancer and P. ginseng was constructed using a network pharmacology approach and molecular docking was carried out for the active constituents of P. ginseng against the target protein of P. ginseng. Results: Ninety-six compounds were used for the molecular docking simulation against five different proteins from a PPI network of proteins linked to ovarian cancer. The protein-ligand interaction showed strong molecular interaction at the active site of the proteins (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Ginsenosides and their derivatives present in P. ginseng successfully inhibit several key enzymes and proteins associated with ovarian cancer, which may act as potential therapeutic targets for the disease.
Effect of tranexamic acid and total knee arthroplasty on perioperative coagulation indices and blo od loss in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Liang Xiaoyu , Zhao Zhongfu , Zou Dexun , Zhang Qi
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To study the effect of the combination of tranexamic acid and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on perioperative coagulation indices and blood loss in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: A total of 78 KOA patients who received TKA in Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College from July 2020 to July 2022 were recruited and randomized to study and control groups in a ratio of 1:1 (n = 39). Patients in control group received 0.9 % sodium chloride, while those in study group were treated with 0.9 % sodium chloride plus tranexamic acid after TKA. Parameters evaluated include intraoperative bleeding, drainage volume, occult blood loss, and total blood loss. Results: The two groups of patients had similar intraoperative blood loss (p > 0.05). Tranexamic acid significantly reduced postoperative drainage volume, occult blood loss, and total blood loss in TKA patients (p < 0.05). Before and after treatment, no intergroup differences were seen in prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, and D-dimer (D-D) levels (p > 0.05). The D-D levels of all patients showed a significant increase after TKA (p < 0.05). Patients with tranexamic acid exhibited significantly higher serum hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and lower serum white blood cell count (WBC) than those without tranexamic acid during TKA (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Tranexamic acid plus TKA effectively reduces the intraoperative blood loss of KOA patients, restores knee function, improves serological condition, and lowers the incidence of postoperative complications and transfusion risk. Multicenter large-scale trials are, however, required prior to application in clinical practice.
Effects of routine drug therapy in combination with health exercise training on pain and joint function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A meta analysis
Authors: Liu Tianyang , Huang Chuanbin , Zhou Lingling , Zong Ruikai , Zhou Xueping
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To logically review the effect of conventional drug therapy in combination with healthy exercise training on pain and joint function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: A search on case-control trials was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China VIP database, Wanfang database and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) online database from January 2005 to May 2022. A separate extraction of the data was conducted by two researchers. A meta-analysis of the data was undertaken using RevMan5.3 statistical software as a tool for assessing the bias risk of each contained article. Results: A total of 7 clinical controlled studies with 483 samples were obtained. Based on the meta-analysis, the study group was significantly lower (p < 0.05) on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, Joint Tenderness Count (JTC), Joint Swelling Number (JSN), Morning Stiffness Time (MST) and DAS28 score. However, it was significantly higher (p < 0.05) on the average grip strength of both hands, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and patients' general assessment (PGA). Conclusion: Routine drug therapy, in combination with healthy exercise training significantly reduces the degree of pain, relieves joint symptoms, and improves quality of life in patients with RA.
Effect of butylphthalide combined with edaravone d borneol on efficacy in elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction
Authors: Su Li , Yuan Shengshan , Yang Xinhan , Jiang Yongming
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of butylphthalide combined with edaravone d-borneol in elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods: From October 2020 - October 2021, 166 elderly patients suffering from acute cerebral infarction in Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise City, China were selected as the study subjects, and randomly divided into study and control groups, respectively, with 83 patients each. Control group was treated with edaravone d-borneol injection (15 mL of edaravone d-borneol in 100 mL of saline), while the study group was treated with butylphthalide and sodium chloride injection, combined with edaravone d-borneol injection (15 mL of edaravone d-borneol and 30 mL of butylphthalide and sodium chloride in 100 mL of saline). Clinical efficacy, as well as the levels of cytokines, viz, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8, vascular endothelial function indicators, namely, nitric oxide (NO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as well as oxidative stress indicators, viz, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the two groups were evaluated. Results: Total efficacy/effectiveness in the study group was 93.98 %, which was significantly higher than 73.49 % in the control group (p < 0.05). Post-treatment, the levels of cytokines, vascular endothelial function and oxidative stress in the two groups were significantly improved compared with the values before treatment (p < 0.05). Furthermore, patients in the study group showed better treatment outcomes when compared with control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of butylphthalide and sodium chloride injection with edaravone d-borneol injection (15 mL of edaravone d-borneol and 30 mL of butylphthalide and sodium chloride in 100 mL of saline) is more effective than edaravone d-borneol injection (15 mL of edaravone d-borneol in 100 mL of saline) alone in the treatment of elderly patients with acute cerebral infarction, as it regulates microcirculation and improves cellular inflammatory state and oxidative stress reaction. However, further clinical trials should be conducted prior to application in clinical practice.
Clinical effectiveness of 3.0T high resolution magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and prognostic assessment of intracranial atherosclerotic disease
Authors: Wu Yuqian , Gong Lulu
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of 3.0T high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) in the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of intracranial atherosclerotic diseases. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the medical data of 100 patients who received intracranial artery 3.0T HR-MRI from November 2020 to November 2021 in Chongqing General Hospital. The patients were divided into ‘symptomatic group’ (n = 60) and ‘asymptomatic group’ (n = 40) based on the occurrence of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) within 4 months. Results: Patients with stroke or TIA within 4 months had a higher risk of hyperlipidemia than those without (p < 0.05). The area of the outer edge of the vessel at the stenosis and the North American Standard for Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Test (NASCET) index in the symptomatic group were significantly higher than in the asymptomatic group (p < 0.001). The symptomatic group documented a significantly higher frequency of fibrous cap rupture (56.17 %) versus the asymptomatic group (25.0 %) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Thus, 3.0T HR-MRI presents significant advantages in evaluating the intracranial arterial wall structure, plaque, and fibrous cap status, and hence can be used in combination with 3D-TOF-MRA in the diagnosis of intracranial atherosclerosis. This combined strategy provides a basis for the assessment of a patient's ischemic stroke condition.
Effects of baicalin on the proliferation of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma cells and the sensitivity of the cells to the drug
Authors: Duan Xiaohui , Wang Jianhong , Lv Yao , Liu Jing , Wang Shixiong , Wu Zhentian , Wang Binxuan , Lu Ming , Yang Na , Liu Xinwei , Lin Zheshen , Li Yeye , Liang Rong
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of baicalin on the proliferation of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma cells and the sensitivity of the cells to the drug. Methods: Cell-counting-kit (CCK) assay was used to determine cell activity, while the antagonistic, superimposed and synergistic effects of drug combinations were investigated by coefficient of drug interaction (CDI). Cell proliferation was assessed using 5-ethynyl-2’- deoxyuridine (EdU) test. Flow cytometry was carried out to determine the apoptosis of studied extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma cells. Furthermore, western-blot was used to evaluate the expression levels of BCL2, BAX, cleaved-caspase3 and caspase3 of the cells. Results: Survival of SNK-6 and YTS cells decreased gradually in a concentration-dependent manner (r = -0.97 and -0.98). Cell viability at the same concentration diminished with time, but with increase in cisplatin concentration, cell viability at the same time point also decreased. At cisplatin concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 μmol/L, reduction in cell viability between the two groups were significantly different (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the proliferation of SNK-6 and YTS cells decreased with increasing baicalin concentrations while apoptosis of the cells increased with increasing baicalin concentration. Conclusion: Baicalin inhibits the proliferation but promotes the apoptosis of SNK-6 and YTS cells. Cisplatin plus baicalin lowers cell proliferation rate and increase the apoptosis rate of both SNK-6 and YTS cells compared with baicalin or cisplatin alone. This drug combination should be further explored for its apoptosis potential in animal models.
Eriocalyxin B mediates the migration and inflammation of TGF β2 induced human lens epithelial cells by inhibiting JAK/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Feng Xiaomei , Hu Wenjian , Wang Guangjin , Wang Wei
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To study the role of Eriocalyxin B (EriB) in the migration and inflammation of TGF-β2-induced human lens epithelial cells (hLECs), and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved. Methods: The hLECs cultured in vitro were divided into 5 groups, viz, control, TGFβ2, TGFβ2+2 μM EriB, TGFβ2+4 μM EriB, and TGFβ2+8 μM EriB groups. CCK-8, clone formation and Edu labeling assays were performed to assess the effect of EriB on the proliferation of hLECs cells. To determine the role of EriB in cell migration, Transwell and wound healing assays were used. The levels of vimentin, α-SMA, snail, TNF-α，IL-1β，IL-6, P65, p-P65, p-JAK2, JAK2, p-STAT3, STAT3, and β-catenin in hLECs cells were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot analysis in order ascertain the signaling pathways involved. Results: The rate of cell proliferation significantly decreased in TGFβ2+2μM EriB, TGFβ2+4μM and TGFβ2+8μM groups compared with TGFβ2 group (p < 0.001). In addition, the migration of hLECs cells and epithelial mesenchymal transition were inhibited by EriB in a dose-dependent way (p < 0.001). ELISA results showed that compared to TGFβ2 group, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in EriB group significantly decreased (p < 0.001). The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, p-P65/P65, p-JAK2/JAK2, p-STAT3/STAT3 and metastasis-associated proteins (α-SMA and snail) in hLECs cells were downregulated by EriB (p < 0.001). Furthermore, vimentin level was increased by EriB (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results show that EriB inhibits the growth, metastasis and inflammation of hLECs cells by inhibiting JAK/STAT3 pathway, thus indicating that this pathway is a potential therapeutic target for treating cataract
Glabridin ameliorates DNFB induced atopic dermatitis by suppressing MAPK/NF κB signaling pathways in mice
Authors: Cheng Lu , Huang Chuanqi , Xiong Xin , Jiang Jie , Wang Fuqian , Zhang Dan , Liu Shuting , Feng Yan , Hu Song , Zhang Hong
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of action of glabridin (GBD) isolated from glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) using atopic dermatitis (AD) mouse model. Methods: Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways were investigated. The dorsal skin and serum of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced AD mice were used to determine the levels of various inflammatory cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relative levels of inflammation-associated mRNA and signaling pathways were determined by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to assess the effect of GBD on tissue thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration in mice with AD. Results: Glabridin significantly relieved dorsal skin thickening, scabbing, and bleeding, and reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells in mice with AD (p < 0.05). The levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, and IgE were significantly reduced (p < 0.05 or 0.01). Moreover, the relative levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ mRNA showed a significant decrease (p < 0.01). Furthermore, GBD inhibited phosphorylation of MAPK signaling pathway and activation of NF-κB (p < 0.05 or 0.01). Conclusion: Glabridin exerts an inhibitory effect on AD by blocking MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. This finding highlights the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine and modern AD therapeutic methods, which should be further investigated for its potential to be developed as an external anti-AD medicine.
Physical activity level and quality of life of Filipino community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rogelio Maria Christen G. , Castueras Krisha Andrealyn D. , Felipe Christina Janine M. , Koa Danica Ysabel U. , Liao Eevee Krystle O. , Mijares Jalen Edmond T. , Pua Ray Aerold P. , Sy Mark Christopher S. , Valdez Cherrie Jhules N. , Yap Angela Marie C.
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, lockdown protocols for older adults were implemented globally to reduce their risks of contracting the virus. These restrictions could affect their physical activity (PA) and Quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to determine the association between physical activity level and quality of life of Filipino community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines.
Methods: An analytic observational cross-sectional study was conducted. Filipino community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 60 living in the Philippines during the pandemic from January 2020 - December 2022 were conveniently sampled and recruited online. They completed three questionnaires: 1) Sociodemographic information screening survey, 2) Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly in Filipino (PASE-F) to measure physical activity level, and 3) Short-Form 36 Version 2 Philippines (Tagalog SF-36v2) to measure quality of life. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics; the association was assessed using Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation. A p < .05 is significant.
Results: The study included 57 participants (69.65±7.11 years, range = 60-86; 79% female). The physical activity level was low (median = 131.8, interquartile range (IQR) = 90.7) during the pandemic. Regarding quality of life, the highest results were observed in social functioning (median = 75.00; IQR = 25.00) and lowest in role-physical (median = 62.50, IQR = 37.50). No association (p > .05, -0.3 < r < 0.3) was found between physical activity level and quality of life.
Discussion: The physical activity level of Filipino community-dwelling older adults during the pandemic was low, while the quality of life was highest in social functioning and lowest in role physical. However, there was a negligible and statistically insignificant association between the two health parameters. Studies with a larger population and in-person setting may be conducted to establish stronger evidence of its supposed relationship.
Understanding effective university programs on physical activity: A realist review guided by the health-belief model
Authors: Kang Mary-Grace D.P. , Lunar Frances Rom M. , Ruiz Raiza Mariae R. , Olegario Carlos Dominic D. , Mendoza Kristofferson G. , Ignacio Marvin Louie S. , Reyes Paul Christian G. , Santos Treisha Naedine H. , Valdez Michael C. , Tutor Micah Marie B. , Aguila Maria Eliza R.
Published: May 2023

Introduction: The study aimed to understand why and how effective university programs on physical activity work.
Methods: Guided by the Health Belief Model in the context of a realist review design, the researchers conducted a search among seven peer-reviewed electronic databases in the health and education fields. Two reviewers independently conducted title, abstract, and full-text screening for each study. Disagreements in the screening and study selection phases were resolved through consensus. Data pertaining to the contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes (CMO) of university-based physical activity programs were extracted and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Content analysis was also conducted to inform the CMO configurations.
Results: The search identified a total of 6219 records, of which 16 programs contributed to data synthesis. Eight CMO statements were created with the following key themes: 1) tailored and individualized interventions, 2) medium-term incentivization, 3) lifestyle education programs utilizing information and communications technology, 4) interdisciplinary multicomponent programs, 5) use of self-monitoring strategies, 6) social support, 7) shared experiences among employees and students, and 8) theory-based physical activity programs. Analysis of the mechanisms of these effective university-based physical activity programs revealed processes and structures that were consistent with the elements of the Health Belief Model.
Discussion: The results of this review demonstrate that effective university wellness programs on physical activity are those that address elements of behavior change. Physical therapists working in and with universities can further advocate for physical activity engagement among university constituents through their involvement in program and policy creation, implementation, and evaluation.
EXPERIENCES AND PERSPECTIVES OF FILIPINO
PATIENTS WITH STROKE ON PHYSICAL THERAPY
TELEREHABILITATION: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL
STUDY
Authors: Cruz Christopher G. , Esplana Nicole Teresa S. , Lipardo Donald S. , Loa Beatrice Ann Q. , Dismaya Micah L. , Lau Janelle Meara Y. , Mirzi Chelsea R. , Cardenas Areanne B. , Celso Adellene Therese S. , Taguinod Hanz Lauren A. , Martin Kristian Joseph C. , Uy Leonardo S.
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Physical therapy telerehabilitation has emerged due to the rise of COVID-19 to provide continuing treatment services outside the usual rehabilitation setting for patients with stroke, minimizing their risk of acquiring COVID-19. However, it is a relatively new service in the country; hence, further research is needed. This study explored the experiences and perspectives of Filipino patients with stroke who have undergone physical therapy telerehabilitation in the Philippines since March 2020, which identified the facilitators, barriers, and challenges encountered by the participants, which can help evaluate, implement, and develop physical therapy telerehabilitation. This will expand the scope of rehabilitation to patients with stroke who have no access to face-to-face rehabilitation or improve the training or education of Physical Therapists who are providing telerehabilitation to stroke patients.
Methods: This qualitative phenomenological study design utilized purposive sampling to recruit participants. The participants were recruited by sending out invitation letters to centers, clinics, and referrals from other physical therapists. Semistructured interviews were conducted online using Google Meetings and Facebook Messenger. NVivo data analysis software was utilized to create codes and identify themes from the data gathered, and thematic analysis was used to extract the themes from the participants' insights.
Results: A total of 8 participants participated in the study. Accessibility, affordability, and convenience, especially during COVID-19, were some reported benefits of physical therapy telerehabilitation. However, participants also mentioned barriers such as unstable internet connection, lack of equipment and physical feedback, difficulty setting up, and limited scope of exercises, making them prefer face-to-face settings.
Discussion: Telerehabilitation can be an efficient way to provide physical therapy services for patients with stroke. It can produce positive physical and mental outcomes, but the limitations were perceived to contribute to the overall implementation significantly. These perceptions and experiences of the participants in telerehabilitation showed their benefits and adversities, offering opportunities for improvement.
Profiling demographic characteristics and balance performance measure of community-dwelling older adults
participating in a randomized Arnis-based exercise program
Authors: Lipardo Donald S. , Manlapaz Donald G. , Orpilla Vergel B. , Arevalo Jasneer Tricia C. , Buan Jim Carlo S. , Cortez Jaisen Lluch F. , Desquitado Kyrell Patrick , Geli Vianca Mae L. , Lacorte Jose Raphael L. , Masibay Johna R. , Sanchez Caitlin Joy A. , Villanueva Alyssa Denise B.
Published: May 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic characteristics and baseline balance-related outcomes of community-dwelling adults who are eligible to participate in a pilot randomized controlled study involving Arnis.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study convenience sampled participants from Binangonan, Rizal. Participants were randomly allocated to either the control or Arnis group. Demographic characteristics were obtained using questionnaire. Baseline measurements for balance (using the Berg Balance Scale and Timed-Up and Go Test), concern for falling (using Falls Efficacy 20 Scale-International Filipino), and lower limb strength (using 30-second Chair-Stand Test) were conducted. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the demographic data. MannWhitney U Test was used to compare the baseline characteristics of the two groups. An α < 0.05 was set as the significance threshold.
Results: Forty-one community-dwelling older adults were screened, but only 20 were eligible and consented to participate. Six withdrew before baseline measurements. A total of 14 participants (mean age = 65 ± 5.26 years, range = 60-78) were included in the final analysis. There are no statistical differences between the two groups on their demographic characteristics and baseline measures (p >0.05).
Discussion: The two groups are similar at baseline, which indicates a decreased risk of treatment comparison bias in a randomized controlled trial study.
La Iglesia y el Nuevo Mundo. Constitución jurídica
Authors: Leal Lobón Manuel
Published: May 2023

En la conquista, colonización y evangelización de las Indias se dio una estrecha colaboración y alianza Iglesia-Estado, amalgama que reforzaba a ambas instituciones, aunque siempre bajo el control estatal, supervisada y coordinada por el Consejo de Indias. Las relaciones Iglesia-Estado en América pasaron por diversas modalidades: Patronato, Vicariato y Regalismo. En el siglo XVI rige el Patronato, basado en las concesiones Pontificias que ponía en manos de la Corona española el ‘cuidado’ sobre la Iglesia americana. Desde fines del XVI, religiosos y juristas españoles elaboraron la teoría del Vicariato, según la cual los reyes, en virtud de la donación papal, eran Vicarios de la Santa Sede en las Indias y adquirían competencias en materia de disciplina eclesiástica. En el siglo XVIII el Regalismo asume ambas posiciones y las convierte en jurisdicción civil al considerar que los derechos esenciales del Patronato y el Vicariato no se basan en concesiones papales sino que son prerrogativas inherentes a la Corona, regalías o atributos del poder real.
El valor de la vida en la Antropología cristiana
Authors: Parra Contreras Reyber
Published: May 2023

El objetivo del artículo consiste en reflexionar acerca del valor de la vida desde la perspectiva de la Antropología cristiana, para lo cual se han seleccionado algunos textos provenientes del magisterio de la Iglesia. La Antropología cristiana interpreta la vida como una consecuencia del designio de Dios en favor de la realización plena de la persona humana. En la relación Dios-hombre radica la dignidad de este último y adquiere relevancia la vida en cuanto don divino. Esta visión del hombre asociada a lo trascendente, es una oportunidad para promover la cultura de la vida, como camino que conduce al reconocimiento de la dignidad de la persona humana y a la reivindicación del equilibrio ecológico del planeta.
Methodsfor theProtection of Environmental Rights and Interests Through LegalProceedings: Administrative Aspect and Criminal Aspect
Authors: Leheza Yevhen , Horbalinskiy Volodymyr , Berezniak Vasyl , Khashev Vadym , Oleksenko Volodymyr
Published: May 2023

The object of the investigation consists of the disclosure of procedural legislation, through the implementation of effective mechanisms of legal incidence on procedural aspects, which constitute the framework for the protection of the violated environmental rights and interests of citizens or other subjects of environmental legal relationships. Main content. A certain innovation may be the introduction of the institution of group lawsuits (massive, collective)in Ukraine, which will simplify access to justice for citizens, it will increase its quality and, due to the reduction of theburden on the courts, will accelerate the consideration of cases, including those of an environmental nature. Methodology: The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge; Through the application of this method, the legal, functional, organizational and procedural aspects of the protection of environmental rights and interests in the courts were considered. conclusions. The article argues the need for new forms of protection of the rights and interests of a significant number of people; this is absolutely necessary in the context of the specificity of environmental disputes.
Tribus urbanas y salud. Apuntes desde Cuba
Authors: Medina Borges Rosa María , Álvarez Medina Amalia , Méndez Llerena Talía , Solís Solís Susana
Published: May 2023

El artículo se propone:valorar la influencia de las tribus urbanas en el comportamiento social y la salud de los jóvenes cubanos que pertenencen a ellas. Se presenta una articulación basada en criterios de autores, tanto de las Ciencias Sociales como de las Ciencias Médicas, conla búsqueda de la interrelaciónentre las categorías identidad (es) y juventud(es), principales tribus urbanas que existen en Cuba, su comportamiento social y las posibles implicaciones para la salud de sus miembros. Se significael rol de enfermeros/as ymédicos(as) en la prevención, detección, y acompañamiento de los(las)jóvenes.Durante la etapa juvenil, los proyectos de vida juegan un rol protagónico, no obstante, la búsqueda y alcance de esas metas no transcurre de manera lineal ni armónica. El(la)profesional de la salud deberealizar una labor personalizada en la prevención de las adicciones, con grupos vulnerables o de alto riesgo.
ATATÜRK VE ULUSLARARASI MARK TWAIN CEMİYETİ MADALYASI: “KEMAL ATATÜRK MODERN ROMULUS”
Authors: SOYSAL Murat
Published: May 2023

ABD’li ünlü yazar Mark Twain, başta edebiyat alanında olmak üzere yazdığı eserler ve yaşam serüveni ile tanınmaktadır. Uluslararası Mark Twain Cemiyeti ise Cyril Clemens ve bir grup aydın tarafından 1930 yılında kurulmuştur. Cemiyetin kuruluş amacı ve faaliyetleri Twain’in eserlerinin güncelliğini sağlamak, edebiyat yarışmaları düzenlemek, biyografik çalışmaları ve diğer eserleri dergide yayınlamak vb. şeklindedir. Cemiyet aynı zamanda ülkelerine, insanlığa, bilime, siyasete ve uluslararası sahaya katkılarından ötürü bazı isimlere onursal üyelik ve madalyalar vermiştir. Cemiyetin ödül verdiği devlet adamlarından biri de Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’tür. Atatürk, 1937 yılında kendisine verilen bu ödülü, insani tarafına yapılan vurgu ve iltifattan ötürü memnuniyetle kabul etmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’deki tarih yazımında belirli kısa yazılar dışında hakkında ayrıntılı bir bilimsel çalışma olmayan Mark Twain madalyasının/ödülünün önemini irdelemek ve takdim edilme sürecinin izini sürmektir. Çalışmada uluslararası kuruluşların üyeliklerini, madalya ve ödüllerini kabul etme konusunda seçici davranan Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün, Mark Twain Cemiyeti ödülünü kabul etmesinin gerekçesine, Cemiyetin bu ödülü ona hangi nedenlere istinaden verdiğine ve ödül/madalya haberinin kamuoyuna nasıl yansıdığına dair bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Bu çalışma sonunda tarihi olayın yaşandığı dönemin gazetelerinde ve günümüzdeki bazı kaynaklarda parçalar halinde bulunan Mark Twain madalyasına dair yeni kaynaklara, arşivlere ulaşılmış ve böylece literatüre katkı sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır.
İŞGAL İSTANBUL’UNDA ANTİ-BOLŞEVİK BİR UKRAYİN ÖRGÜTÜ: UKRAYNA’NIN KURTULUŞU KOMİTESİ
Authors: GÜRER Ahmet Şamil
Published: May 2023

Bu makale 1921’de İtilaf Devletleri’nin işgali altındaki İstanbul’da kurulan milliyetçi bir Ukrayna Komitesi’nin faaliyetlerini örgütün tüzüğü, programı ve beyannamesi çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Ukrayna’nın Kurtuluşu Komitesi adıyla bir grup Ukraynalı milliyetçi mülteci tarafından kurulan bu örgütün nihai hedefi Ukrayna Sovyet hükümetini yıkarak milli bir Ukrayna devleti kurmaktı. Bu hedefin gerçekleştirilmesi yolunda üslendiği misyon ise benzer hedeflerle faaliyet gösteren dağınık haldeki Ukrayna milli teşkilatlarını birleştirmekti. Komite’nin daha önce yine İstanbul’da kurulmuş olan Ukrayna’nın Kurtuluşu Birliği’nin devamı olduğuna ve aynı dönemde Avrupa’da faaliyet gösteren diğer milliyetçi Ukrain örgütleri ile organik bir bağının bulunduğuna ilişkin bir bilgi yoktur. Komite’nin faaliyet merkezi olarak İstanbul’u seçmesinde İtilaf Devletleri’nin temsilcilerinin desteğini almak gibi amacın rol oynadığı söylenebilir. Komite’nin Bolşevizm karşıtı söylemleri ve milliyetçi ideolojisiyle İstanbul’daki işgal güçlerinin desteğini aldığı anlaşılmaktadır. Komite, Avrupa kamuoyunun dikkatini Ukrayna davasına çekmeye yönelik bir propaganda politikası izlemiştir. Bu amaçla La Libre Ukraine adlı Fransızca bir dergi yayımlamış ve Milletler Cemiyeti’nden destek almaya yönelik girişimlerde bulunmuştur.
ATATÜRK TARAFINDAN CUMHURİYET HALK PARTİSİ’NE MİRAS BIRAKILAN ÇANKAYA ARAZİSİNİN HAZİNEYE SATILMASI OLAYI
Authors: UNAT Kadri
Published: May 2023

27 Aralık 1919’da Ankara’ya gelen Mustafa Kemal Paşa, önce Ziraat Mektebinde, ardından da Gar Müdürlüğü Direksiyon Binasında ikamet etti. Fakat İstasyondaki bina Atatürk’ün çalışma ve dinlenmesi için yetersiz kalınca uygun bir konut arayışı içine girildi. Daha sakin bir ortamda yaşamasını sağlamak amacıyla da Çankaya bağlar bölgesinde bulunan bağevi, Ankara Müftüsü Rıfat Börekçi’nin organizasyonuyla Ankaralılar tarafından satın alınarak Mustafa Kemal Paşa’ya armağan edildi. Atatürk, böylelikle yeni yaşam yeri olarak söz konusu dönemde Ordu Köşkü, günümüzde ise Atatürk Köşkü olarak isimlendirilen yapıya yerleşti. Takip eden yıllarda köşkün arazisine komşu arazileri de satın alan Atatürk, Çankaya’da yer alan mal varlığını Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi’ne bıraktı. Ancak CHP yönetimi, bu araziyi 24 Ekim 1949’da hazineye (devlete) sattı.

Bu çalışma, Atatürk’ün CHP’ye bıraktığı Çankaya arazisini, bununla ilgili satış işleminin detaylarını, bu satıştan dolayı Demokrat Parti iktidarında başlatılan inceleme neticesinde Maliye Müfettişi Lütfü Kamu tarafından hazırlanan raporu, konunun partiler arası ilişkilere nasıl yansıdığını ve nasıl sonuçlandığını konu edinmektedir. Böylelikle söz konusu satış işlemiyle ilgili mevcut soru işaretlerinin giderilmesine katkı sağlanması hedeflenmektedir.
Integrated marketing communication in non-governmental organizations in Peru
Authors: Abarca Sanchez Yasser , Barreto Rivera Urpi , Diaz Ugarte Jorge Luis , Suyo Cruz Gabriel , Vargas Cuadros Jose Luis
Published: May 2023

Integrated marketing communication is coordinating the promotion mix tools: advertising, public relations, sales promotion, and personal selling. The research aimed to validate the theoretical bases of integrated marketing communication in educational NGOs. The research is quantitative,non-experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive. The population comprises the beneficiaries of educational NGOs, young adults between 20 and 29 years of age from the southern region of Peru. Using the deductive method, the survey technique, and the questionnaire, a sample of 600 individuals was collected. An exploratory factor analysis was performed to establish the actual dimensions and confirm that they coincide with those previously determined. The results indicate that NGOs need to effectively use integrated marketing communication, which prevents them from reaching their target audience.
Socio-Cultural Factors Affecting How Africans Interpret Instructional Materials and Chinese as a Foreign Language
Authors: Mkhumbuleni Dr. Donald
Published: May 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of socio-cultural differences in the interpretation of Chinese Language Instructional Materials (CLIM) by African students.

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Conclusion: The study concluded that there are adequate Chinese language instructional materials at Stellenbosch University but they contain culturally unfamiliar elements for the African learners. In addition, many textbooks for foreign languages include cultural references that are foreign to their students. Because of the cultural differences, the information presented in the course materials is less easily understood. Students at Stellenbosch can be said to have an optimistic outlook on Chinese in general

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommended that the introductory topics in the Chinese language curriculum emphasize more on teaching of the Chinese culture. Also, efforts should be made to localize the learning resources for a more effective teaching of the language. The Chinese language curriculum could place greater emphasis on helping African students gain an appreciation for Chinese culture in its foundational or introductory materials. CFL course requirements in universities should also be examined in light of the foregoing
CHALLENGES THAT OPCT PROGRAM FACE IN ADDRESSING THE NEEDS AND PLIGHT OF THE ELDERLY MEN AND WOMEN IN KIBERA INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS
Authors: Mbabu Amanda Kinya , Masiga Dr. Casper , Okong’o Dr. Grace
Published: May 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish challenges that OPCT program face in addressing the needs and plight of the elderly men and women in Kibera informal settlements.Methodology: The exploratory design was considered appropriate for this study. Random sampling was used to select 50 respondents (15men, 35women) OPCT beneficiaries who were not members of KDC and 20 members of KDC. Random sampling was ideal because each respondent of the target population had an equal chance of being selected. Purposive sampling was used to identify 5 key informants.Results: The study revealed the following as critical challenges affecting OPCT program namely; inadequate funding amidst competing needs of the beneficiaries; the disbursement is irregular hence one cannot make meaningful plans with the money, extensive bureaucracy in the registration process coupled with ethnicity issues and corruption. In addition there are cases of fingerprints failing, omission on the payroll and amount inconsistencies.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study further recommends that the government should ensure there is prompt and regular disbursement of the funds in order to minimize hitches in the entire financial year and to enable the beneficiaries make meaningful plans with the money
The molecular basis of the Fragile X syndrome
Authors: Smail Harem Othman
Published: May 2023

This analysis aimed to clarify the molecular basis of fragile X syndrome and explain the role of genetic material in the genetic disease's development and treatment. Fragile X syndrome is an X-linked mutation inheritance disorder. The mutated gene is called FMR-1. This is important for normal brain development and synaptic plasticity, which was verified and recognized in 1991, and this has become a hope for more clarification. FMR1 influences the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA), but identifying functional targets was complex and directly related to translational control and showed that dysregulated translation initiation signaling was observed for the FMR1 gene in the FMR1 knockout mouse model of FXS.

Because of the epigenetic alteration, such as hypermethylated at the DNA promoter region, and chromatin modification, such as H3K9 methylation, the FMR1 gene can be imprinted. Still, their mechanisms of aberrant epigenetic marks play a role in the etiology of many neurodevelopmental disorders, some of which we still do not fully understand and need to show more. The opportunities for epigenetic markers to map and alter epigenetic marks and the potential for therapies based on epigenetics and noncoding manipulation. For neurodevelopmental and behavioral conditions, including mental retardation, autism, anxiety, and mood disturbance, FMR1 loss of control is a model.

Most studies have focused on the new and effective approach for Fragile X syndrome, which is Gene therapy is unarguably the definitive way to treat and possibly cure genetic diseases. Many of them are under clinical trial, but more studies, such as the CRISPR/Cas9-based method, should be approved. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors are highly effective for generating models. Most research is used in the mouse model of fragile X syndrome, where AAVs have been used to express fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), which is missing or highly reduced in the disorder. The vast expansions need southern blotting in myotonic dystrophy. Fragile X is diagnosed by a form of Southern blotting that relies on the size and the FRAXA gene's methylation status. Almost always, genetic testing is performed by PCR. The few Southern blotting uses include checking for significant destructive gene rearrangements and complete mutations of fragile X and myotonic dystrophy. Expansions suppress the expression of closely adjacent genes, causing loss of function. A named FMRI (fragile-X mental retardation syndrome) gene cDNA probe. Some unique molecular mechanisms, such as CGG expansion in Fragile-X syndrome, can make a particular sequence change in a gene far more probable than any other change.
Pola Komunikasi Orang Tua Terhadap Perilaku Belajar Anak Usia 7-12 Tahun Pada Masa Covid-19 Di Desa Purwosari Kecamatan Bandar, Kabupaten Bener Meriah
Authors: Fitri Ruhama , Bahri Samsul , Fauziana Fauziana
Published: May 2023

Penerapan pola komunikasi yang tidak tepat berdampak pada perilaku belajar. Setiap anak memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda-beda, oleh karena itu pola komunikasi akan menghasilkan perilaku belajar.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pola komunikasi orang tua terhadap perilaku belajar anak usia 7-12 tahun pada masa COVID-19 di Desa Purwosari Kecamatan Bandar, Kabupaten Bener Meriah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, motode deskriptif. Subjek penelitian orang tua anak usia 7-12 tahun  berjumlah 28 orang dan anak usia 7-12 tahun berjumlah 65 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data mengunakan reduksi data, Penyajian data, dan penarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Desa purwosari kecamatan Bandar Kabupaten Bener Meriah, dalam mendampingi anak ketika belajar orang tua mengunakan pola komunikasi yang berbeda-beda yaitu: pola komunikasi membebaskan (permissive), otoriter dan demokratis. Pola komunikasi membebaskan orang tua cenderung mengabaikan anak ketika belajar sehingga perilaku belajar anak tidak terarah dan tidak tersetruktur, anak belajar sesuai keinginan sendiri, mudah mengabaikan tugas dan kewajiban belajar di rumah. Orang tua yang  mengunakan pola komunikasi otoriter, orang tua bersikap berkuasa memberikan perintah serta larangan-larangan sehingga perilaku belajar anak merasa dipaksa dalam belajar. Sedangkan orang tua yang menggunakan pola komunikasi demokratis, adanya sikap keterbukaan antara orang tua dan anak, sehingga perilaku belajar anak terarah dan tersetruktur, anak belajar dengan santai, tidak terbebani dan cepat menyerap pelajaran dengan jadwal belajar yang telah disusun bersama. Dari ketiga pola komunikasi di atas, pola komunikasi yang efektif ketika anak belajar dirumah saat pandemi COVID-19 adalah pola komunikasi demokratis.
Paradigma Pembelajaran dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Tingkat MI/SD
Authors: Rostini Rena , Siti Ghaida Sri Afira Ruhyadi
Published: May 2023

Paradigma pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada pembentukan kecerdasan selayaknya mengacu pada pemberdayaan fungsi dan kinerja otak mahasiswa yang utuh. Mengelola dan mengkondisikan kelas yang kondusif adalah hal yang sangat mutlak yang harus dilakukan oleh di dalam proses pembelajarannya. motivasi belajar penting dalam menentukan hasil belajar selain itu tingginya perhatian orang tua dan motivasi belajar dapat menunjang prestasi belajar yang dicapai siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis paradigma pembelajaran di dalam kelas dan pengaruh motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar siswa sekolah dasar. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa paradigma pembelajaran saat ini masih ada yang menggunakan paradigma lama dan harus diperbaharui menjadi paradigma baru agar kondisi pembelajaran dikelas lebih optimal sedangkan motivasi belajar memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Oleh karena itu, hasil belajar siswa dapat ditingkatkan salah satunya melalui peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa.
Revealing the composition and mechanism of the antibacterial activity of essential oil from the fruits of Litsea mollis Hemsl.
Authors: Feng Shuyi , Chen Dong , Chen Yicun , Wang Yangdong , Song Dafeng , Gao Ming , Gu Qing
Published: May 2023

Essential oils (EOs) have received increasing attention due to their safety and effective antibacterial activity. The chemical components and antibacterial activity of Litsea mollis Hemsl. essential oil no. 2 (LMEO2) was investigated in the present work. GC-MS analysis was performed, and 24 bioactive compounds were detected with citral being the most predominant (46.1482%). LMEO2 had high antibacterial activity against the foodborne pathogens Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella Enteritidis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.01% for E. coli O157, and 0.05% for Salmonella Enteritidis, and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 0.05% for E. coli O157, and 0.1% for Salmonella Enteritidis. Furthermore, the alkaline phosphatase (AKP) leak assays revealed that LMEO2 destroyed the integrity of cell wall. This was consistent with the nucleic acid leakage assays which revealed that LMEO2 enhanced the membrane permeability. Meanwhile, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assays also demonstrated that LMEO2 could damage the cell wall integrity, thus leading to cellular content leakage. The main bioactive component of LMEO2 was citral. LMEO2 could be a promising plant-derived antibacterial agent.