bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumer Protection: Online Sale of Prescription Drugs to Minors Not Unconscionable
Authors: Spears Charlotte
Published: January 2021

In Stovall v. Confimed.com, the Kansas Supreme Court held that an out-of-state medical doctor who sold a prescription drug to a Kansas minor over the Internet did not commit an unconscionable act under the Kansas Consumer Protection Act (KCPA). The Shawnee Country District Court had enjoined the doctor from prescribing or dispensing prescription medicine within the state of Kansas, and the doctor appealed the injunction to the Kansas Supreme Court. The Supreme Court affirmed the district court's decision to grant injunctive relief, but found no unconscionable conduct under the KCPA.

The appellee, Washington physician Dr. Howard J. Levine, sold the sexual enhancement drug Viagra over the Internet through his online pharmacy. Neither the physician nor the online pharmacy was licensed to practice in Kansas. The purchasers were two Kansas residents, one of whom was a minor. Both purchased the drugs in a sting operation conducted by the Kansas Attorney General and received the drugs after completing an online application.
Fraud & Abuse: Fourth Circuit Holds Eleventh Amendment Bars Qui Tam Suit Against State in Federal Court
Authors: Gomes Allan
Published: January 2021

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ruled, in United States u. Texus Tech University, 171 F.3d 279 (5th Cir. 1999), that the Eleventh Amendment bars a private citizen from bringing a qui tam action in federal court against a state, absent federal intervention.

Intervenor Carol Foulds was a dermatology resident at the Texas Tech Health Services Center. While a resident, Foulds examined patients, made diagnoses, and prescribed treatments for patients. Foulds alleged that she and other residents performed these medical services without the supervision of staff physicians. Foulds further alleged that, after residents performed these services without physician oversight, staff physicians signed charts and Medicare and Medicaid billing forms certifying that they personally performed or supervised the administration of these services. Foulds estimates approximately 500,000 false claims occurred in a span of ten years.

In 1995, Foulds filed a qui tam action with the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas. As regulated by the False Claims Act (FCA), 31 U.S.C. § 3729(b)(2) (West 1998), the complaint remained under seal.
Whatever Happened to the Social in American Social Thought? Part 1
Authors: Ross Dorothy
Published: January 2021

The efforts of liberal thinkers to incorporate mutualistic social principles into Americans’ understanding of liberalism extended through the century, but the strongest and most holistic conceptions of the social sphere took hold during the New Deal era and World War II. Contrary to recent accounts that locate the weakening of that social liberal project in the 1970s and attribute it to underlying economic changes, this article builds on two generations of historiography to argue that the decline began during the long 1950s when totalitarianism changed the political context of social thought. The theory of mass society that developed to explain the rise of totalitarianism replaced the citizens of liberal democratic theory with the anxious, rootless masses of modern society and forecast the collapse of liberal democracy into totalitarianism. Americans cast totalitarianism as the antithesis of America, its Other in the narrative of American identity, a threat both without and within. In that context, mutualistic conceptions of the social sphere were put on the defensive and individual liberty was valorized. Liberal intellectuals, trusting in American capitalism and in the weak social state, focused on the threat of McCarthyite anti-intellectualism and mass irrationality. Their commitment to social democracy weakened and their chief concern shifted to the no-longer-autonomous individuals of modern society.
LGBQ adults’ experiences of a CBT wellbeing group for anxiety and depression in an Improving Access to Psychological Therapies Service: a qualitative service evaluation
Authors: Lloyd Christopher E. M. , Rimes Katharine A. , Hambrook David G.
Published: January 2021

Sexual minorities, including those identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual or queer (LGBQ) are at heightened risk of experiencing mental health problems. Nationally, treatment outcomes within England’s Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services are worse for sexual minority patients than for heterosexuals. An IAPT service in London developed a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) group specifically for sexual minority patients to provide a safe, affirmative intervention to learn skills for overcoming depression, anxiety and stress. A qualitative online survey was emailed to all 59 service users who had completed the eight-session intervention, to explore their experiences inductively. Survey data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Themes were identified in participants’ responses in order to establish which aspects of the group intervention were deemed to be helpful and unhelpful, and to explore suggestions for group improvement. Eighteen people completed the survey (response rate 30.5%). Respondents reported that they found the CBT frame of the group useful, with the LGBQ focus experienced as particularly beneficial, often enhancing engagement with CBT concepts and tools. In addition to generic elements of group therapy that some found difficult, others reported that intragroup diversity, such as generational differences, could lead to a reduced sense of connection. Several suggestions for group improvement were made, including incorporating more diverse perspectives and examples in session content and focusing more on issues relating to intersectionality. These results provide preliminary evidence that a culturally adapted CBT group intervention developed specifically for sexual minorities is acceptable and perceived as offering something unique and helpful.

Key learning aims

(1)

To identify the unique experiences and particular mental health disparities that LGBQ people face in life and why a culturally adapted LGBQ CBT group offers both a necessary and unique therapeutic tool to support sexual minorities.

(2)

To explore how a culturally adapted CBT group intervention for LGBQ people is experienced in practice, from the service user perspective. In particular, what aspects do LGBQ people find helpful, unhelpful and what might they suggest for future group improvement.

(3)

To consider how such CBT groups may be culturally adapted to benefit sexual minorities, including: what actions should be taken in future clinical practice to ensure improvements in the psychological treatment experiences of LGBQ people. Specifically, including the need to incorporate more inclusive and intersectional examples that engage and support recovery from psychological distress.
Religious Ideology, Race, and Health Care Policy Attitudes
Authors: Brown R. Khari , Kaiser Angela
Published: January 2021

Using two national general population and one clergy survey, we examined racial differences in the association between religious theology and health care policy attitudes. We find that controlling for religious faith, political partisanship, and social-demographic characteristics, religious theology more strongly associates with White health care policy attitudes than it is for Blacks and Hispanics. Whereas theologically liberal Whites are more likely than their conservative counterparts to support universal healthcare and/or Obamacare, we observed no such relationship among Blacks and Hispanics. This is true of both the general population and clergy.
A Tug‐of‐War Within the Hydrologic Cycle of a Continental Freshwater Basin
Authors: Gronewold A. D. , Do H. X. , Mei Y. , Stow C. A.
Published: January 2021

The past decade was the wettest on record for much of central and eastern North America. Near the beginning of this period of regional water abundance, however, drought conditions reinforced concerns that high temperatures and evapotranspiration foreshadowed a persistent imbalance in the hydrologic cycle characterized by water loss. These fluctuating hydrologic conditions were manifest by water level variability on the Laurentian Great Lakes, the largest system of lakes on Earth. We show that, during this period, the two dominant hydrologic forces acting directly on the vast surfaces of the lakes, overlake precipitation and overlake evaporation, have evolved differently. More specifically, we find that overlake precipitation has risen to extraordinary levels, while overlake evaporation diminished rapidly in 2014 (coinciding with a strong Arctic polar vortex deformation). Our findings offer a new perspective on the impacts of competing hydrologic forces on large freshwater systems in an era of climate change.
The mutational load and a T-cell inflamed tumour phenotype identify ovarian cancer patients rendering tumour-reactive T cells from PD-1+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes
Authors: Salas-Benito Diego , Conde Enrique , Tamayo-Uria Ibon , Mancheño Uxua , Elizalde Edurne , Garcia-Ros David , Aramendia Jose M. , Muruzabal Juan C. , Alcaide Julia , Guillen-Grima Francisco , Minguez Jose A. , Amores-Tirado Jose , Gonzalez-Martin Antonio , Sarobe Pablo , Lasarte Juan J. , Ponz-Sarvise Mariano , De Andrea Carlos E. , Hervas-Stubbs Sandra
Published: January 2021

Background

Adoptive immunotherapy with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) may benefit from the use of selective markers, such as PD-1, for tumour-specific T-cell enrichment, and the identification of predictive factors that help identify those patients capable of rendering tumour-reactive TILs. We have investigated this in ovarian cancer (OC) patients as candidates for TIL therapy implementation.

Methods

PD-1−and PD-1+CD8 TILs were isolated from ovarian tumours and expanded cells were tested against autologous tumour cells. Baseline tumour samples were examined using flow cytometry, multiplexed immunofluorescence and Nanostring technology, for gene expression analyses, as well as a next-generation sequencing gene panel, for tumour mutational burden (TMB) calculation.

Results

Tumour-reactive TILs were detected in half of patients and were exclusively present in cells derived from the PD-1+fraction. Importantly, a high TIL density in the fresh tumour, the presence of CD137+cells within the PD-1+CD8+TIL subset and their location in the tumour epithelium, together with a baseline T-cell-inflamed genetic signature and/or a high TMB, are features that identify patients rendering tumour-reactive TIL products.

Conclusion

We have demonstrated that PD-1 identifies ovarian tumour-specific CD8 TILs and has uncovered predictive factors that identify OC patients who are likely to render tumour-specific cells from PD-1+TILs.
Correction: In vivo migration of Fe3O4@polydopamine nanoparticle-labeled mesenchymal stem cells to burn injury sites and their therapeutic effects in a rat model
Authors: Li Xiuying , Wei Zhenhong , Li Binxi , Li Jing , Lv Huiying , Wu Liya , Zhang Hao , Yang Bai , Zhu Mingji , Jiang Jinlan
Published: January 2021

Correction for ‘In vivo migration of Fe3O4@polydopamine nanoparticle-labeled mesenchymal stem cells to burn injury sites and their therapeutic effects in a rat model’ by Xiuying Li et al., Biomater. Sci., 2019, 7, 2861–2872, DOI: 10.1039/C9BM00242A.
Recent advances in protein metalation: structural studies
Authors: Merlino Antonello
Published: January 2021

Recent advances in structural studies unveiling the basis of the metal compounds/protein recognition process are discussed.
Gramicidin A-based unimolecular channel: cancer cell-targeting behavior and ion transport-induced apoptosis
Authors: Haoyang Wei-Wei , Xiao Qi , Ye Zhongju , Fu Yonghong , Zhang Dan-Wei , Li Jian , Xiao Lehui , Li Zhan-Ting , Hou Jun-Li
Published: January 2021

Unimolecular ion channel was constructed by attaching galactose moiety onto gramicidin A peptide, which exhibited liver cancer cell-targeting behavior. The channel-mediated ion flux could disturb ion homeostasis and induce apoptosis of the cells.
A novel design of SiH/CeO2(111) van der Waals type-II heterojunction for water splitting
Authors: Zeng Jian , Xu Liang , Luo Xin , Peng Bojun , Ma Zongle , Wang Ling-Ling , Yang Youwen , Shuai Cijun
Published: January 2021

SiH/CeO2(111) is a potential photocatalyst for splitting water to hydrogen.
Bell inequalities for entangled qubits: quantitative tests of quantum character and nonlocality on quantum computers
Authors: Wang David Z. , Gauthier Aidan Q. , Siegmund Ashley E. , Hunt Katharine L. C.
Published: January 2021

Linear combination S of spin-projection correlation functions in the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt inequality, from runs on an IBM quantum computer, after error mitigation. Values of S > 2 rule out local hidden-variable theories.
Photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical study of AlnC5−/0 (n = 1–5) clusters: structural evolution, relative stability of star-like clusters, and planar tetracoordinate carbon structures
Authors: Zhang Chao-Jiang , Wang Peng , Xu Xi-Ling , Xu Hong-Guang , Zheng Wei-Jun
Published: January 2021

The structures of AlC5−/0 and Al2C5−/0 are linear while those of Al3C5−/0, Al4C5−/0, and Al5C5−/0 are two-dimensional.
Folate mediated targeted delivery of cinnamaldehyde loaded and FITC functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in breast cancer:in vitro,in vivoand pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Shetty Varsha , Jakhade Alok , Shinde Kavita , Chikate Rajeev , Kaul-Ghanekar Ruchika
Published: January 2021

FiCF NPs induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells, exhibited safety, reduced tumor burden in mice due to increased pharmacological efficacy.
Correction: Synergistic effect in improving the electrical conductivity in polymer nanocomposites by mixing spherical and rod-shaped fillers
Authors: Qu Fan , Sun Wei , Li Bin , Li Fanzhu , Gao Yangyang , Zhao Xiuying , Zhang Liqun
Published: January 2021

Correction for ‘Synergistic effect in improving the electrical conductivity in polymer nanocomposites by mixing spherical and rod-shaped fillers’ by Fan Qu et al., Soft Matter, 2020, 16, 10454–10462, DOI: 10.1039/D0SM00993H.
Hard carbon key properties allow for the achievement of high Coulombic efficiency and high volumetric capacity in Na-ion batteries
Authors: Beda Adrian , Rabuel François , Morcrette Mathieu , Knopf Stephan , Taberna Pierre-Louis , Simon Patrice , Matei Ghimbeu Camelia
Published: January 2021

The hard carbon volumetric capacity improves by decreasing the electrode porosity after calendaring (d002 decrease). The initial CCoulombic efficiency is enhanced when the specific surface area of ultra-micropores and the active sites are diminished.
Long non-coding RNA FTX predicts a poor prognosis of human cancers: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Weiwei , Li Yuting , Guo Liliangzi , Zhang Chenxing , Tang Shaohui
Published: January 2021

Background: Several studies have assessed the relationship between long non-coding RNA five prime to Xist (FTX) expression, clinicopathological features, and survival outcomes in patients with cancer with conflicting results. This meta-analysis synthesized existing data to clarify the association between FTX with cancer prognosis.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science, Chinese CNKI, and the Chinese WanFang databases were used to search for relevant studies. The role of FTX in cancers was evaluated by pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: Eleven studies comprising 1210 participants including colorectal cancer (CRC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gastric cancer (GC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), osteosarcoma (OSC), and glioma were enrolled in this analysis. The meta-analysis showed that high FTX expression was significantly associated with several clinicopathological characteristics, including lymph node metastasis in patients with CRC, GC, HCC, and RCC, distant metastasis in patients with CRC, GC, HCC, and OSC, larger tumor size in patients with CRC, GC, HCC, RCC, and OSC, and subsequently TNM/clinical stage in patients with CRC, GC, HCC, OSC, and glioma. The pooled results from the survival analysis revealed a significant correlation between high FTX expression and shorter OS in patients with HCC, CRC, GC, OSC, and glioma. Further, FTX overexpression could be an independent predictive marker for shorter OS in patients with CRC, HCC, OSC, and glioma.

Conclusions: FTX may be a potential oncogene, with high FTX expression being associated with a poorer prognosis in patients with CRC, HCC, OSC, and glioma.
Whose Job Is It? Addressing the Overlap of Speech-Language Pathologists and Occupational Therapists When Caring for People With Dementia
Authors: Meyer Jordan , Leslie Paula , Ciccia Angela , Rodakowski Juleen
Published: January 2021

Purpose

This article discusses the complexities of caring for individuals with dementia with an interdisciplinary team approach. The overlap and potential conflict between speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and occupational therapists (OTs) are addressed. SLPs and OTs have potentially similar roles when caring for people with dementia, so it can be difficult to decipher whose job it is to implement similar therapy techniques. However, there are ways health care professionals can prepare themselves to work collaboratively and potentially avoid conflict among team members, such as overstepping their professional boundaries and scopes of practice. This article discusses three beneficial techniques for interprofessional collaboration: acquiring sufficient knowledge about the scopes of practice of both SLPs and OTs, developing effective communication skills, and identifying the intentions of each therapeutic technique.

Conclusions

There is no straightforward or universal answer to the question “Whose job is it?” when considering SLPs and OTs in caring for people with dementia. Deciding whether an SLP or an OT should implement certain aspects of therapy depends on the roles of each professional and how they can benefit the patient. Interdisciplinary team members must work together to identify how their roles interact and overlap. SLPs and OTs must have a solid knowledge base about each other's scopes of practice, develop effective communication skills, and be able to identify the intentions of their therapy. Developing these skills allows SLPs and OTs to work harmoniously in interprofessional teams.
Top-of-line corrosion in the presence of carbon dioxide for gas production facilities
Authors: Vagapov Ruslan
Published: January 2021

Aspects of the development of corrosion processes under conditions of moisture condensation in the gas phase (top-of-line corrosion) in the presence of carbon dioxide, which lead to the formation of local damages, have been investigated. The influence of various factors on corrosion processes under conditions of moisture condensation (top-of-line corrosion) was studied: the acidity of the media (presence of acetic acid), the presence of alcohol (methanol is used in gas production as an inhibitor of hydrate formation), temperature, type of steel and the presence of a weld. In addition to the listed factors, the moisture content in the gas is the determining factor for the development of this type of corrosion under CO2 conditions. The rate of development of corrosion processes depends on the amount and composition of the liquid condensing on the metal surface. The rate of local carbon dioxide corrosion at top-of-line corrosion can reach several mm / year.
Corrosionfracture kinetics in welded pipes in chlorine-saturated carbon dioxide oilfield media
Authors: Fedotova Anna , Vyboischik Mikhail , Kazdayev Dmitry , Knyazkin Sergey , Tetyueva Tamara
Published: January 2021

Bypass tests of Ø219×8mm 13KhFA, 08KhMFChA, 20-ksh (steel 20 corrosion resistant cold resistant) and Grade steel 20 piping spools were carried out on an oil-gathering line of one of the oilfields in the Stavropol region. Tubing condition was checked after 7, 15, 17 and 23 months of testing. After two years in service no change was found in mechanical properties of the base metal or weldments manufactured from 13KhFA and 08KhMFChA steels. It has been demonstrated that the formation of chromium-containing phase in corrosion products inhibits the penetration of chlorine ions from corrosive media to the surface of metal and thus reduces corrosion rates. Estimated, laboratory and comparison passivation coefficients have been proposed. These coefficients make it possible to predict the level of steel self-passivation with regard to operating conditions of particular oilfields.
The methodology of using information technology and visualisations to optimize and improve management in the effectiveness of a student’s work in the laboratory
Authors: Makarova Anna , Pavlicheva Elena
Published: January 2021

The United Nation has adopted the Sustainable Development Goals and goal No. 4 ‘Quality Education’ is one of them. Information and communication technology transforms education at different levels. For the successful collection, system analysis and processing of large amounts of heterogeneous data, special tools were developed (including specialized indicators), algorithms (including the processing of statistical information in fields of nonparametric information to detect the presence of correlations between various factors) and databases. An example of the use of such indicators is a system for testing the effectiveness of a student’s work in the laboratory. The initial assessment of the state of the laboratory was carried out using a sociological survey of persons associated with the organization of the educational process in the laboratory and subsequent data visualization. Which allowed us to determine that students and management perceive the state of the laboratory differently.
The Potential of Cashew Apple Juice as Anti Hypercholesterol Agent on Whistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769)
Authors: Asmawati Asmawati , Marianah Marianah , Yaro Abubakar , Hendroko Setyobudi Roy
Published: January 2021

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) apple are rich in nutritional value, especially vitamine C and bioactive compounds such as tannins that are very beneficial to support health. This research aims to find out the effects of cashew apple juice of lipid profile and its potential as an anti–Hypercholesterol agent. In this study used experimental animals in the form of male Whistar Rats Type (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) as much as 21 rats are divided into three groups and each group consists of seven rats were fed with AIN ‘76 diet for 28 d, given the treatment of cashew apple fruit juice 2 mL, two times a day by were force–fed and as control treatment is given only drinking aquabidest. The results showed that cashew apple juice was influential for the lipid profile of the whistar rats experiment, potentially as an anti–Hypercholesterol agent by lowering total cholesterol levels 6.37 % to 7.16 %, Triglyseride (9.71 % to 10.76 %) LDL– Cholesterol (11.19 % to 13.37 %) and increased cholesterol levels of HDL (6.10 % to 6.46 %).
The Ability of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crasipes Mart.) and Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes Linn.) for Reducing Pollutants in Batik Wastewater
Authors: Muchtasjar Bunyamin , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Izzati Munifatul , Vincēviča–Gaile Zane , Hendroko Setyobudi Roy
Published: January 2021

Batik produced by craftsmen is categorized as a small and medium industry. The problem of Batik production is less attention to the environment because the craftsmen lived in the middle of a residential area that has inexperience. One of less attention to the environment is no treatment of wastewater that reaches up to 95 % (61.9 L each cloth). Thus it polluted the river. This research aimed to treat the wastewater of Batik production by using phytoremediation. In this study, phytoremediation was carried out in three tanks in series using Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes which are abundant in Indonesia. The treated wastewater was evaluated for its ammonia and chromium (Cr). The results showed that ammonia reduced 78.36 % by E. crassipes, and 73.13 % P. stratiotes. While E. crassipes reduced Cr by 63.76 % and P. stratiotes by 83.39 %. This research concluded that E. crassipes and P. stratiotes are potential plants to reduce the pollutants in Batik wastewater.
Morphological and Physiological Responses of Indigofera tinctoria L. to Light Intensity
Authors: Setyaningrum Desy , Theresia Sri Budiastuti Maria , Pujiasmanto Bambang , Purnomo Djoko , Supriyono Supriyono
Published: January 2021

Synthetic dyes can cause health and environmental impacts. Thus, there are opportunities to develop natural dyes, one of which is produced by Indigofera tinctoria plants. This plant is from Fabaceae that has the potential to produce a natural blue color. Natural dyes are extracted from the leaves of plants that contain indigo compounds. Indigo growth and precursors are very dependent on environmental conditions, one of which is light intensity. This study aimed to study the morphological and physiological plant responses in I. tinctoria to several levels of light intensity. The research was conducted in Puron Village, Sukoharjo, Indonesia with a complete randomized block design (RCBD) one factor, namely the level of light intensity (100 %, 50 %, and 25 %) with nine replications. Light intensity affected the morphology and physiology of I. tinctoria. Plants responded to low light intensity by increasing the leaf area index, specific leaf area and plant height. Leaf area, specific leaf area and plant height were highest at 25 % intensity. However, the number of leaves and nodes got greater at full light intensity. Higher light intensity increased the chlorophyll content a, b and total, thus, higher biomass yield which was 18.86 g at the age of 8 wk.
The Use of Probiotic and Antioxidants to Improve Welfare and Production of Layer Duck at Commercial Farms for Global Warming Mitigation
Authors: Suswoyo Imam , Ismoyowati Ismoyowati , Widodo Wahyu , Vincēviča–Gaile Zane
Published: January 2021

Global warming affected increasing the risk of ducks to be more succeptable to heat stress which leads to decrease welfare and production. This research aimed to study duck welfare and productivity under probiotic and antioxidants administration at commercial farms. The method used was experiment with Completely Randomized Designed (CRD) based on factorial pattern. The treatment was dose of natural/homemade and commercial probiotics combined with vitamin C at 400 mg kg–1 and 600 mg kg–1 feed. Thus there were four treatment combinations. Each treatment was replicated five times, totally were 20 flocks of duck. Each flock had 50 laying females so there were 1 000 ducks. The treatment was conduced for 2 mo. The parameters observed included, i) duck welfare based on Heterophyl/Lymphocyte (H/L) ratio; ii) egg production consisted of (a) duck day production, and (b) egg weight. This study concluded that administration of combination between homemade probiotic and vitamin C at 600 mg kg–1 feed significantly (p < 0.05) increased duck welfare and egg production but did not affect egg weight.
Pyrolysis of Water Hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms] for Liquid Smoke Production
Authors: Dwi Ratnani Rita , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Widiyanto Widiyanto , Mel Maizirwan
Published: January 2021

This research aimed to determine the chemical composition of Rawapening, Semarang District, Indonesia water hyacinth and to study the effect of pyrolysis time on the volume of liquid smoke products. The water hyacinth was cut into pieces with a size of about 2 cm to 3 cm, and placed in pyrolisator. A total of 700 g of water hyacinth sample was fed into the pyrolysis. The product was observed for its content of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. The pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 117 °C, 400 °C and 683 °C. The results showed that water hyacinth contains hemicellulose 36 % d.b, cellulose 21 % d.b and lignin 7 % d.b which it potential to be a raw material for liquid smoke production. The effect of temperature was significant on liquid smoke products. It was proven that the higher the pyrolysis temperature, the greater the liquid smoke produced. The liquid smoke was obtained for 0.2 mL per 100 g, 12.3 mL per 100 g and 16.3 mL per 100 g dried biomass water hyacinth at a temperature of 117 °C, 400 °C and 683 °C, respectively.
Sweet Potatoes: Development and Potential as Alternative Food Ingredients in Karanganyar Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Silvana Arianti Yoesti , Wahyu Harinta Yos
Published: January 2021

Sweet potato is a local food that can reduce dependence on rice and flour consumption. It is the main source of carbohydrates, after rice, cassava, flour and corn. The benefits and potency of sweet potatoes as alternative food needs to be developed, especially in rural areas. However, sweet potato has not been considered as an important and high economic value commodity in Indonesia. Sweet potatoes have been used as food and non-food raw materials in developed countries i.e. noodles, fried sweet potatoes, desserts, confectionery, soy sauce, flour, wine, vinegar, nata de coco, bioethanol and others. Around 89 % of sweet potatoes in Indonesia are cultivated for providing food to rural communities, the rest are used for industrial raw materials and animal feed. The content of sweet potatoes includes carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. Yellow/orange sweet potato is rich in beta-carotene and purple sweet potato contains anthocyanin (antioxidants). Sweet potato production is still limited to traditional food that is less attractive compared to flour products. Meanwhile, intermediate products have been developed including flour, instant flour, and starch that can be used as a substitute for flour in pastry products, wet cakes, breads, and noodles.
Ressourcen nutzen und Strategien entwickeln – Handeln gegen Trägheit: Demenz
Authors: Araci Munja
Published: January 2021

Für Menschen mit Demenz ist das Gestalten das Alltags eine permanente Herausforderung. Das Therapiemanual „Handeln ermöglichen – Trägheit überwinden“ bietet mit dem Ergänzungsband „Demenz“ eine Hilfestellung für Klienten, damit diese ihren Alltag sicher und erfolgreich bewältigen können.
Konfokale Laser-Endomikroskopie des Kopf-Hals-Plattenepithelkarzinoms: eine systematische Übersicht
Authors: Sievert Matti , Aubreville Marc , Oetter Nicolai , Stelzle Florian , Maier Andreas , Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Iro Heinrich , Goncalves Miguel
Published: January 2021

Hintergrund Die konfokale Laser-Endomikroskopie (CLE) bietet mit einer bis zu 1000-fachen Vergrößerungsleistung die Möglichkeit, Interzellularräume in vivo zu erkennen. Die CLE hat sich in verschiedensten Fachbereichen bereits etabliert. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die aktuelle Studienlage der CLE in der Diagnostik des Plattenepithelkarzinoms des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs.

Material und Methoden Systematische Literaturrecherche in folgenden Online-Datenbanken: PubMed, MEDLINE, Thompson Reuters Web of Science, SPIE nach den Suchbegriffen: confocal laser endomicroscopy, CLE, endomicroscopy, head and neck, larynx. Bewertung der wissenschaftlichen Relevanz der Arbeiten nach festgelegten Kriterien.

Ergebnisse Es wurden Arbeiten in Bezug auf die klinische Anwendung, die klinische Befunderhebung und die computergestützte Datenauswertung analysiert.

Schlussfolgerungen In Zusammenschau der aktuell publizierten Ergebnisse verspricht die CLE ein großes Potenzial, die Diagnostik maligner Schleimhautveränderungen im Bereich des oberen Aerodigestivtrakts zu verbessern.
Copper-Catalyzed Ring Expansion of Vinyl Aziridines under Mild Conditions
Authors: de Figueiredo Renata Marcia , Campagne Jean-Marc , Tosi Eleonora , Spielmann Kim
Published: January 2021

Vinyl aziridines are versatile starting materials toward ring-expansion transformations. Such processes are widely used to give various medium or larger N-heterocycles of synthetic interest. This letter describes a copper-catalyzed ring expansion of vinyl aziridines to 3-pyrrolines by using a Cu(I) salt [(CuOTf)2·toluene or Cu(MeCN)4·PF6]. In particular, this transformation occurs under mild conditions (THF, rt).
Role of Cord Blood Carboxyhemoglobin in Detecting Significant Hyperbilirubinemia in Term Neonates with ABO Alloimmunization
Authors: Tıraş Mahir , Can Emrah , Hamilçıkan Şahin
Published: January 2021

Objective This study aimed to assess whether cord blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels in jaundiced term neonates with and without a positive direct Coombs test (DCT) and in healthy controls could be used as a predictor of severe hyperbilirubinemia. The percentage of cord blood COHb should be higher among neonates with Coombs-positive ABO hemolytic disease than among those with Coombs-negative ABO incompatibility and higher than that of ABO-compatible control neonates.

Study Design This cross-sectional descriptive study of 198 term neonates comprised three subgroups: group I featured 68 DCT-positive ABO-incompatible neonates (ABO + DCT), group II featured 60 DCT-negative ABO-incompatible neonates with hyperbilirubinemia (ABO–DCT), and group III featured 70 healthy controls. COHb was determined by an OSM3 hemoximeter.

Results Group I differed from groups II and III for cord blood bilirubin, cord blood hemoglobin, and cord blood hematocrit. Groups I and II had higher mean total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels than group III, while there was no difference in the mean TSB levels between groups I and II. There was no significant difference between the COHb group means for groups I, II, and III (p = 0.98). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve calculated for group I/group III and group II/group III were found to be 0.62 and 0.54, respectively.

Conclusion COHb levels did not prove to be superior to the DCT for predicting the risk of developing severe hyperbilirubinemia in term neonates.

Key Points
The Swedish initiative and the 1972 Stockholm Conference: the decisive role of science diplomacy in the emergence of global environmental governance
Authors: Paglia Eric
Published: January 2021

This article applies a science diplomacy lens to examine Sweden’s 1967–1968 intervention in the United Nations—the so-called “Swedish initiative”—that led to the seminal 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment. The three classic science diplomacy typologies—science in diplomacy, diplomacy for science and science for diplomacy—are employed to structure an analysis of how Swedish diplomats skillfully leveraged science for diplomatic objectives, first for convincing member states of the need to convene a major environmental conference under UN auspices and then to mobilize scientific research internationally—particularly in developing countries—during the Conference preparatory process. The empirical study, based on archival research and the oral histories of key participants, also brings to light how problems of the human environment were conceived of and shaped by Swedish scientists and diplomats during this embryonic moment of global environmental governance. Through analysis of some of the public pronouncements and key documents drafted during the first phase of the Swedish initiative, the article further considers the role of popular science as a style of science communication that is particularly relevant in the realm of environmental diplomacy.
First result of photoabsorption spectroscopic studies beamline (PASS, BL-07) installed on Indus-1 synchrotron source
Authors: Sharma R. K. , Singh Jaspreet , Sule Uday , R Pradeep , Jagannath J.
Published: January 2021

The photoabsorption spectroscopic studies (PASS) beamline (PASS-BL07), installed at a bending magnet 450 MeV, 100 mA Indus-1 synchrotron source (India), is capable of performing photoabsorption studies in the vacuum ultraviolet to soft x-ray range of thin films and solid samples. The beamline covers an energy range of 55 eV–840 eV by an in-house developed SX-700 type plane grating monochromator. This energy range will cover the absorption spectra of low Z-elements like C, N, and O as well as the L and M threshold of 3d elements such as Ti, V, S, etc. The beamline will be significantly used for studying organic semiconductors, graphene, etc. In this article, the design details of the beamline and some of the recent scientific results have been presented.
Nonlinearity-induced asymmetric diffraction in a hybrid A/B structure with two azo-containing materials
Authors: Pan Yujia , Wang Changshun , Lyu Ziyao , Chen Tianyu
Published: January 2021

Nonlinearity-induced asymmetric diffraction based on spatial self-phase modulation is demonstrated experimentally through the illumination of a focus Gaussian laser beam on azo-containing materials coupled together with an A/B structure. We report here that symmetry breaking occurs to the intensity distribution of the transmitted light with diffraction rings when the propagation direction of the pump light is reversed, where asymmetric diffraction excitation takes place. In certain cases, unidirectional diffraction excitation could be realized. In addition, as the light intensity is enhanced, the diameter of the diffraction pattern increases linearly and the linear coefficient is related to the propagation direction of the beam. The diffraction efficiency of the nth diffraction ring differs significantly between the two directions when incident light is set in some specific intensity range. The achievement of the symmetry breaking of light propagation is attributed to the different nonlinear optical response strength of the two azo-containing materials.
Homogenization of hydrodynamic transport in Dirac fluids
Authors: Bal Guillaume , Lucas Andrew , Luskin Mitchell
Published: January 2021

Large-scale electrical and thermal currents in ordinary metals are well approximated by effective medium theory: global transport properties are governed by the solution to homogenized coupled diffusion equations. In some metals, including the Dirac fluid of nearly charge neutral graphene, microscopic transport is not governed by diffusion, but by a more complicated set of linearized hydrodynamic equations, which form a system of degenerate elliptic equations coupled with the Stokes equation for fluid velocity. In sufficiently inhomogeneous media, these hydrodynamic equations reduce to homogenized diffusion equations. We recast the hydrodynamic transport equations as the infimum of a functional over conserved currents and present a functional framework to model and compute the homogenized diffusion tensor relating electrical and thermal currents to charge and temperature gradients. We generalize to this system to the well-known results in homogenization theory: Tartar’s proof of local convergence to the homogenized theory in periodic and highly oscillatory media and sub-additivity of the above functional in random media with highly oscillatory, stationary, and ergodic coefficients.
Systematic calibration method based on acceleration and angular rate measurements for fiber-optic gyro SINS
Authors: Wang Pingping , Lu Baofeng , Yang Pengxiang , Chen Feng
Published: January 2021

A simple systematic calibration method based on acceleration and angular rate measurements is introduced for the fiber-optic gyro strapdown inertial navigation system in this paper. Meanwhile, a unified mathematical framework and an iterative calculation method are designed for the systematic calibration method. Using this method, one can estimate the fiber-optic gyro inertial measurement unit (FOG IMU) parameters both at a manufacturer’s facility and in the field. In order to get all FOG IMU parameters, a procedure adopted based on this approach consists of two stages: First, FOG IMU raw data (accelerometer and gyro readouts) are accumulated in 19 specified FOG IMU positions. Second, the accumulated data are processed by special software to estimate all FOG IMU parameters. In addition, observability analysis of the method in 19 specified FOG IMU positions is done without the limitation of FOG IMU’s initial orientation, and this analysis provides theoretical support for the application in a complex terrain. Moreover, the influence of gravity disturbance is analyzed for the first time. The analysis and experiment results show that the systematic calibration method provided by this work can meet the requirement of FOG IMU calibration.
Continuum and molecular dynamics simulations of pore collapse in shocked β-tetramethylene tetranitramine (β-HMX) single crystals
Authors: Duarte Camilo A. , Li Chunyu , Hamilton Brenden W. , Strachan Alejandro , Koslowski Marisol
Published: January 2021

The collapse of pores plays an essential role in the shock initiation of high energy (HE) materials. When these materials are subjected to shock loading, energy is localized in hot-spots due to various mechanisms, including void collapse. Depending on the void size and shock strength, the resulting hot-spots may quench or evolve into a self-sustained deflagration wave that consequently can cause detonation. We compare finite element (FE) and non-reactive molecular dynamic (MD) simulations to study the formation of hot-spots during the collapse of an 80 nm size void in a β-tetramethylene tetranitramine energetic crystal. The crystal is shocked normal to the crystallographic plane (010), applying boundary velocities of 0.5 km/s, 1.0 km/s, and 2.0 km/s. The FE simulations capture the transition from viscoelastic collapse for relatively weak shocks to a hydrodynamic regime, the overall temperature distributions, especially at scales relevant for the initiation of HE materials, and the rate of pore collapse. A detailed comparison of velocity and temperature fields shows that the MD simulations exhibit more localization of plastic deformation, which results in higher temperature spikes but localized to small volumes. The void collapse rate and temperature field are strongly dependent on the plasticity model in the FE results, and we quantify these effects.
First characterization of chemical environments using energy dispersive inelastic x-ray scattering induced by an x-ray tube
Authors: Pérez Roberto Daniel , Leani Juan José , Robledo José Ignacio , Sánchez Héctor Jorge
Published: January 2021

Energy Dispersive Inelastic X-ray Scattering (EDIXS) is a reliable technique for the discrimination and characterization of local chemical environments. By means of this methodology, the speciation of samples has been attained in a variety of samples and experimental conditions, such as total reflection, grazing incidence, and confocal setups. Until now, due to the requirement of a monochromatic and intense exciting beam, this tool had been applied using exclusively synchrotron radiation sources. We present, for the first time, results of test measurements using EDIXS for chemical characterization implemented in a conventional x-ray tube based laboratory. The results show good discrimination between different iron compounds under study, suggesting the real possibility of rutinary chemical state characterizations of samples by means of EDIXS using a conventional x-ray tube.
Demonstration of a high-sensitivity and wide-dynamic-range terahertz graphene hot-electron bolometer with Johnson noise thermometry
Authors: Miao W. , Li F. M. , He Z. Z. , Gao H. , Wang Z. , Zhang W. , Ren Y. , Zhou K. M. , Zhong J. Q. , Shi S. C. , Yu C. , Liu Q. B. , Feng Z. H.
Published: January 2021

Graphene hot-electron bolometer (HEB) detectors, with weak electron–phonon interaction and a wide working temperature range, are of particular interest for terahertz (THz) applications including astronomy. In this paper, we report on the performance of a zero-biased THz HEB detector using Johnson noise thermometry based on bilayer graphene (BLG) of high charge carrier density. Two BLG HEB devices with respective normal-metal and superconducting electrodes are compared particularly for their thermal conductance and detection sensitivity (noise equivalent power, NEP) in a low-temperature regime (0.3–10 K). With electron out-diffusion largely suppressed by Andreev reflection, the device with superconducting electrodes outperforms the device with normal-metal electrodes, giving an electrical NEP of 15 fW/Hz0.5 and a dynamic range of 47 dB at 0.3 K. Moreover, its optical coupling efficiency is found to be 58% and can reach as high as 92% with the optical losses of the measurement system calibrated out. Graphene detectors of this kind can achieve better detection performance given lower readout noise and decreased electron–phonon thermal conductance.
Spontaneous emission dynamics of Eu3+ ions coupled to hyperbolic metamaterials
Authors: López-Morales Gabriel I. , Li Mingxing , Yadav Ravindra K. , Kalluru Harshavardhan R. , Basu Jaydeep K. , Meriles Carlos A. , Menon Vinod M.
Published: January 2021

Sub-wavelength nanostructured systems with tunable electromagnetic properties, such as hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs), provide a useful platform to tailor spontaneous emission processes. Here, we investigate a system comprising Eu3+(NO3)3·6H2O nanocrystals on an HMM structure featuring a hexagonal array of Ag nanowires in a porous Al2O3 matrix. The HMM-coupled Eu3+ ions exhibit up to a 2.4 fold increase in their decay rate, accompanied by an enhancement of the emission rate of the 5D0 → 7F2 transition. Using finite-difference time-domain modeling, we corroborate these observations with the increase in the photonic density of states seen by the Eu3+ ions in the proximity of the HMM. Our results indicate that HMMs can serve as a valuable tool to control the emission from weak transitions and, hence, hint at a route toward more practical applications of rare-earth ions in nanoscale optoelectronics and quantum devices.
A depth-averaged model for Newtonian fluid flows in shallow microchannels
Authors: Li Di , Song Le , Zhang Cheng , Yu Liandong , Xuan Xiangchun
Published: January 2021

Pressure-driven flow has been widely used in microfluidic devices to pump fluids and particles through planar microchannels for various applications. The variation in channel geometry (e.g., contraction or expansion) may lead to complex flow phenomena (e.g., recirculations) useful for microfluidic sampling, such as fluid mixing and particle focusing. In this work, we develop a depth-averaged inertial flow model for Newtonian fluids in shallow microchannels based on an asymptotic analysis of the continuity and momentum equations. The validity and accuracy of this two-dimensional model are assessed through comparisons with the experimental measurements and three-dimensional numerical simulations for water flow through contraction–expansion microchannels of varying depths. Our proposed depth-averaged model provides the accuracy of three-dimensional modeling if the channel depth-to-width ratio remains small (specifically, at ∼0.1 or less).
Study on initiation mode of oblique detonation induced by a finite wedge
Authors: Zhang G. Q. , Gao S. F. , Xiang G. X.
Published: January 2021

Oblique detonation engines attract more and more attention due to their potential use in hypersonic propulsion, but the initiation of detonation still requires comprehensive study concerning the complicated interaction of wedge, supersonic flow, and heat release. In this study, the effects of the wedge angle on the initiation mode of oblique detonation have been investigated theoretically and with numerical simulation. Detailed chemical reaction models are used, and constant-volume combustion theory that considers the vibration excitation of the gas molecules is applied to study the characteristic length of the induction zone. It is found that the theoretical and numerical characteristic lengths in induction regions are in good agreement. Two initiation modes—kinetics-controlled and wave-controlled—are analyzed in depth at different Mach numbers and wedge angles. The results show that reducing the wedge angle can cause the initiation mode to change from kinetics-controlled to wave-controlled at different Mach numbers. The detailed induction zone length and the transit wedge angles between two initiation modes of wedge-induced oblique detonation have also been found.