bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Motor Bend Affects Stick-Slip Vibrations: Modeling and Case Study
Authors: Watt David , Dao Ngoc-Ha , Mahjoub Mohamed , Menand Stephane , Smith Mark
Published: September 2022

Contact friction along drill string is one of root causes of stick-slip vibrations, especially when drilling an unconventional well with a long lateral section. By using a downhole steerable motor in rotating mode, the motor bend can create important contact forces between the drill string and wellbore and consequently generate considerable frictional torques opposed to the drill string rotation. Therefore, for more accurate estimations of stick-slip behavior, these forces need to be considered in stick-slip modeling.

In this paper, a torsional vibration model based on a mass-spring system with multiple degrees-of-freedom is used to investigate the drill string stick-slip behavior. This stick-slip model includes the drill bit friction torque, contact friction along the drill string, and mud damping. The contact forces along drill string are determined using an advanced 3D drill string behavior model allowing to consider the motor bend effect. They are then integrated in the torsional equation of motion of the stick-slip model. A case study is carried out to show the consistency between the simulated results and field data.

Stick-slip is a highly damaging dysfunction that adversely effects all components of the drill string. In the case of this paper, the subject well experienced high stick-slip resulting in inefficient drilling and increased risk of equipment failure. Modelling of the drill string successfully replicated the stick-slip response observed at the rig site. Further modelling with consideration of the motor bend angle's effect successfully showed a reduction in stick-slip magnitude.

Considering the motor bend in the stick-slip model is the novelty of this work. This allows to determine more accurately the contact forces on the bottom-hole assembly (BHA), which directly influence the drill string stick-slip behavior. This work can provide a tool for the design of the BHA with a downhole steerable motor to mitigate stick-slip vibrations and lead to significant improvements of the bit performance and rate of penetration.
Flaring Management Guidance for the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Schopp Ulrike , Herbertson Jim , Perez Bajo Lorena , Aminu Moruf , Martin Darryl , Johnstone Harvey , Wirdak Carl , Agrawal Harshit , Gottfried Bryan
Published: September 2022

This paper summarizes the Flaring Management Guidance document (2021) developed in partnership by Ipieca, IOGP, and GGFR, which outlines potential options in flaring management and reduction, and offers suggestions for operational improvements and how governments and regulatory bodies can encourage and incentivize productive use of associated gas[1]. The guidance builds on the importance of knowledge sharing and collaboration as a key step in overcoming the barriers to both the reduction of flaring and the use or conservation of associated gas. Its novelty originates from a shared understanding developed over many years by the oil and gas industry, regulators, and other stakeholders that support sustainable growth and align their commitments to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals[2].
Analysis of Dynamic Reservoir Behaviour Reflected in Long-Term Surveillance Data. A Workflow Driven by Pressure Rate Deconvolution Combined with Reservoir Simulation.
Authors: Levitan Michael , Thatcher Alexander , Roberts William , Johnson Piers
Published: September 2022

Reservoir appraisal programs prior to field development sanction typically do not fully assess the entire reservoir in terms of properties, connectivity, and architecture. The well tests performed on appraisal wells are relatively short and the dynamic data acquired during these tests reflect reservoir properties in the near well region. The properties on the scale of the entire reservoir are reflected in the dynamic pressure and rate data acquired on a much longer time scale and for practical and environmental reasons such data can only be obtained during production operations after the field is in production. It has become a routine practice in new field developments to equip development wells with permanent downhole pressure gauges. Analysis of this pressure data with the well rate early in the field life creates an opportunity to adjust the development plan based on the understanding of reservoir properties, its connectivity, and architecture. This paper presents a methodology for reservoir dynamic analysis that incorporates the information from surveillance pressure and rate data and integrates this analysis with geological and seismic data interpretation reflected in reservoir maps. This is a generalization of pressure transient analysis technology to the analysis of dynamic data on a much longer time scale and to the multi-well environment. This is not a straightforward generalization because these longer temporal and spatial scales bring into focus additional physical factors that must be accounted for in the analysis.

This paper demonstrates the application of this analysis approach and of the entire workflow to real surveillance data from a gas reservoir. The technique presented does not impose any special requirements on data quality. The analysis approach and the entire workflow yield a much clearer picture of the reservoir and allow engineers to develop profound insights and draw important conclusions which guide and influence decision-making processes. The limitations of this workflow are also discussed, and advice is provided as to when the approach presented can be used and when the underlying principles associated with PTA break down.
Removal of Wax Deposit from Tight Formation Using Ultrasonic Cavitation with Thermochemical Heat Source
Authors: Alade Olalekan , Abdullah Eassa , Alfaraj Mashaer , Al Hamad Jafar , Hassan Amjed , Mahmoud Mohamed , Al Shehri Dhafer , Ivan Solling Theis , Nakhli Ayman
Published: September 2022

Formation damage phenomenon constitutes serious operational and economic problems to the petroleum production. Oil production in certain reservoirs is inadvertently impaired by precipitation and deposition of the high molecular weight components such as paraffin wax. A facile applicability of synergistic effects of thermochemical reaction and ultrasonication to mitigate wax deposition has been presented in this article. Thermochemical heat source has to do with exothermic heat generation from certain chemical reactions. On the other hand, ultrasonication causes cavitation and implosion of bubbles, which is trasimmted as energy in the medium and assit in detaching contaminants from the surface. Series of imbibition experiments were conducted at different ultrasound frequencies (low 28kHz, and high 40kHz), exposure times (20, 40, and 60 mins), and different molarities (M1, M2, and M3) of the thermochemical fluids (TCF), for removing wax deposit from tight Scioto Sandstone core samples. The performance was followed through permeability and porosity tests, as well as Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analyses. Ultimately, the results revealed promising potentials for the proposed technology for efficient paraffin wax removal from a tight rock sample up to 70% within the experimental limits investigated.
Bayesian Networks Applied to ESP Performance Monitoring and Forecasting
Authors: Dussi Simone , Octaviano Ryvo , Shoeibi Omrani Pejman
Published: September 2022

Predicting the degradation of the Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESP) performance well in advance to avoid its failure is a rewarding yet challenging task. The complex interdependencies with well-reservoir properties and between machine components influence ESP performance and ultimately can lead to different types of failure. Predictions based on typical data-driven approaches are hampered by data quality and lack of variations in the operating conditions. In this study, Bayesian Networks (BNs), where expert knowledge can be incorporated and prediction uncertainty can be easily assessed, were tested as a potential method for performance monitoring and forecasting of a single ESP based on condition monitoring and production data.

Different BNs based on auto-learned structures (relations being learned by the machine learning model) and expert specified structures were evaluated in the project. Network variables were selected from a dataset containing time-series sensors data (Pressure, Temperature, Frequency, Voltage, Current, etc.) for ESPs which degraded due to different reasons, including electrical failures and well conditions. The pump hydraulic efficiency, an indicator for the machine health, was used as a target variable.

We report the results for a selected case where the ESP failed due to electrical failure (downhole ground fault). The hydraulic efficiency showed a noisy unsteady decreasing trend for several months before the failure. A sliding-window forecasting of the pump efficiency was performed with time horizons varying from few hours to several weeks. Based on only 4 sensors (current, two pressures, vibrations), the results between BNs with different structures were compared. The effects of adding additional variables (such as motor temperature or flowline pressure) to the network were also studied. A small user-defined BN was able to predict the pump hydraulic efficiency with an average absolute error ranging from 1.1% for the next 48h to 2.5% for the next 10 days.

The novelty of this study is the application of BNs to ESP performance monitoring and forecasting. Within this framework, expert knowledge can be included by explicitly defining the causality between variables, suggesting a way to enhance data-driven methods. Since the prediction is probabilistic, the confidence in the predicted value can be straightforwardly assessed.
A Machine Learning Approach to Rock Typing with Relative Permeability Curves Using Kmeans Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Muoghalu Amalachukwu Immaculata
Published: September 2022

Relative permeability is an important petrophysical property that characterizes the dynamic movement of one fluid to another during the production of oil and/or gas in the subsurface. Numerous methods for rock typing exist in the industry, but classification based on the effect of relative permeability is often deficient. These rock typing methods which are manually modeled or simulated can still be erroneous as the rocks are characterized based on human observation. Therefore, there is a need for a simple yet accurate rock typing method that automatically classifies the rocks based on the observations of the data without bias. This paper proposes a machine learning clustering method using relative permeability as a proxy for other rock properties such as porosity and lithology. The proposed method applies the K-means algorithm to obtain clusters of different rock types based on the shape and characteristics of relative permeability curves.

In this study, the machine learning algorithm was implemented using the Python programming language and tested on real-life data sets obtained from oil-field core samples. The result obtained was a model which clustered the samples into four different groups of rock types which were qualified as ‘best, better, good, and poor’ from the observation of the reservoir properties of the different rock types clusters and also by comparing the recovery factors obtained from waterflooding performed on the core samples of the rock. The results obtained from using permeability versus porosity (K-phi) plot and the relative permeability as features showed a discrepancy with that obtained using relative permeability alone, as it produced a better clustering of the rock types incorporating flow dynamic into rock typing.

The study give a simple, accurate, and fast method of rock typing based solely on the observation of the data with little or no bias and illustrate the importance of relative permeability inclusion in rock typing.
Evaluation of the Oil Recovery and Economic Benefit of the First-Ever Polymer Flood Field Pilot to Enhance the Recovery of Heavy Oils on Alaska's North Slope using Machine-Assisted Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Keith Cody Douglas
Published: September 2022

The first-ever polymer flood field pilot to enhance the recovery of heavy oils on the Alaska North Slope is ongoing. This study seeks to evaluate the oil recovery and economic performance of the project via machine-assisted reservoir simulation. First, a reservoir simulation model is calibrated to the production data through the introduction and modification of transmissibility contrasts. Machine-assisted history matching techniques are crucial to the success of this procedure. To replicate the early water breakthrough observed during waterflooding, transmissibility contrasts are emplaced in the reservoir model to force the viscous fingering behavior expected when water is used to displace this 330 cp heavy oil. After injection is switched to tertiary polymer flooding, the transmissibility contrasts are reduced to replicate the significant decrease in the producing water cut. This behavior indicates the dampening of viscous fingering effects, which is expected from the switch to a less mobile injected fluid. Later, transmissibility contrasts are reinstated in the simulation model to recreate a producing water cut surge. This surge indicates a decrease in the injection conformance, likely from the overextension of fractures developed at the injecting wells. Next, oil recovery forecasts are produced using calibrated simulation models from each stage of the history matching process. These production forecasts are then input into an economic model, incremental to waterflooding expectations. The decision to pursue incremental economic analysis is fit-for-purpose, allowing for a focused evaluation of the decision to switch from waterflooding to polymer flooding whilst canceling out a number of impertinent and uncertain cash flows. In all cases, the forecasts demonstrate that the polymer flood will produce a much greater heavy oil recovery than waterflooding, yielding attractive project economics even under conservative oil price and polymer cost assumptions. Thus, we conclude this polymer flood field pilot is both technically and economically successful. However, significant variations in recovery and economics between the simulation scenarios indicate that a simulation model only remains valid for prediction if the flow structure in the reservoir remains consistent with its historic behavior. Thus, a simulation model calibrated for waterflooding may not capture the full technical and economic benefit of polymer flooding or other enhanced oil recovery processes. Furthermore, the overextension of fractures from injecting wells reduces the expected performance of the polymer flood, perhaps necessitating future conformance treatments.
Impacts of Carbonated Brine-Rock Reactions on Multiphase Flow Properties in Upper Minnelusa Sandstone: Implication for CO2 Storage
Authors: Kou Zuhao
Published: September 2022

The impact of carbonated brine-rock geochemical reactions on porosity, permeability, and multiphase flow responses is relevant to the determination of CO2 storage capacity of deep saline aquifers. In this research, carbonated brine flooding experiments were performed on core samples consisting of poorly sorted, quartz-rich sand with laminated bedding from a target CO2 storage formation in Wyoming. Complementary pre- and post-injection lab measurements were performed. Results showed that both core porosity and permeability increased after a seven-day carbonated brine injection, from 6.2% to 8.4% and 1.6mD to 3.7mD, respectively. These changes were attributed to carbonate mineral dissolution, which was evidenced by the effluent brine geochemistry, pore-throat size distribution and surface area. To be more specific, within the more permeable section of core samples, containing larger pore size, the permeability increment is apparent due to dolomite mineral grains and cements dissolution. However, for the lower permeability section, corresponding to the smaller pore size, mineral precipitation possibly lessened dissolution effects, leading to insignificant petrophysical properties changes. Consequently, the observed heterogeneous carbonated brine-rock interactions resulted in changes of CO2/brine relative permeability. This research provides a fundamental understanding regarding impacts of fluid-rock reactions on changes in multiphase flow properties of eolian sandstones, which lays the foundation for more accurate prediction/simulation of CO2 injection into deep saline aquifers.
Evaluation of the prognostic factors for pediatric intestinal motility disorders: A single institution experience
Authors: Yano Keisuke , Muto Mitsuru , Sugita Koshiro , Murakami Masakazu , Onishi Shun , Harumatsu Toshio , Yamada Koji , Yamada Waka , Matsukubo Makoto , Kawano Takafumi , Kaji Tatsuru , Ieiri Satoshi
Published: September 2022

Purpose
To improve the life prognosis of patients with intestinal motility disorder (IMD), we explored predictors of survival.
Methods
We reviewed the medical records of IMD patients who required total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for four weeks or more at our institution from April 1984 to November 2021. We retrospectively evaluated the characteristics of patients with IMD as predictive factors.
Results
Fourteen patients were enrolled. They had high mortality rate (50%). The types of IMD were as follows: hypoganglionosis, extensive aganglionosis, and chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. The mortality did not differ to a statistically significant extent among patients with three types of IMD. A significant difference was observed in the length of enterostomy between survivors and the non-survivors (p = 0.028). Cholestasis was a significant prognostic factor (p = 0.005). Intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD) was the cause of death in the short term. Catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI) and acute rejection after small bowel transplantation were causes of death in the long term.
Conclusion
IMD patients still have a high mortality rate and cholestasis predicts survival in IMD patients. Preventing or improving IFALD and CRBSI due to long-term TPN is important for reducing the mortality rate.
Malted sorghum as a maize substitute in broiler diets: Effect on feed utilization, growth performance, and blood parameters
Authors: Moses Chandapiwa , manyeula Freddy , Malebogo Radikara V. , Mareko Molebeledi H.D. , Madibela Othusitse R.
Published: September 2022

Sorghum is amongst the most drought-tolerant cereals in the driest rain-fed regions of the arid and semi-arid tropics and hence its suitability in circumventing food and feed insecurity. However, the presence of phytochemicals may limit its utilization in sustainable poultry production which require some form of treatment before use. Thus, this study was conducted to explore malting as a processing method and its effect on growth performance and haemo-biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. Three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated by totally replacing maize with either malted Mr Buster (MBBD) or Segaolane (MSBD) and Control. One hundred and fifty one-week old Ross 308 broiler (R308BC) were evenly distributed into 15 replicate pens (10 birds/pen) to which experimental diets were randomly allocated and offered in three phase feeding. Birds fed MSBD were eating more than those fed other diets. The birds on Control gained more weight than those fed malted sorghum based (MSOBD). Poor feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed on MBBD birds in week 3, 4, 5 and 6.The PER was lowest on MSOBD birds in week 2 and 6 but in week 5 the opposite is the truth. Protein intake (PI) of birds on MSOBD was highest in all weeks. Haematological and serum parameters fell within reported normal range of healthy chicken. Overall, the results from the study suggest that maize grains can be replaced with malted sorghum grains, especially Segaolane in poultry diets without any adverse effects on the bird’s growth’s performance and health status.
Small Sample Epilepsy Detection Method Based on Convolutional Prototype Learning
Authors: He Anqi , Lyu Chengang , Chen Zhijuan , Liu Yuheng , Li Jing , Gong Junjie , Zhao Mingyu , Yang Chen , Jin Jie , Wang Zengguang , Chen Yuxin
Published: September 2022

Background: Several scalp EEG epilepsy detection methods based on machine learning have achieved good detection accuracy. However, in clinical applications, different EEG acquisition equipment and experience of neurologists make the quality and style of EEG signals different, which makes previous epilepsy detection models cannot be widely used. The establishment of epilepsy detection model for a certain hospital usually depends on a large number of EEG samples, but there are usually few EEG samples from a certain hospital.
Methods: To solve this problem, we proposed a small sample epilepsy detection method based on convolutional prototype learning (CPL) in this paper. CPL consists of convolutional neural network (CNN) and prototype learning. CNN is used as an adaptive feature extraction algorithm, and prototype learning is used as a small sample classification algorithm.
Results: In the experiment, we select 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 samples to train and save 6 CPL-based detection models. The 6 models are used to classify the test samples, and the accuracy are 75.97%, 83.24%, 85.67%, 88.27%, 91.09% and 94.43% respectively.
Conclusions: The CPL can realize automatic feature extraction of EEG signals, and solve the problem of insufficient training samples in epilepsy detection.
BTB/POZ proteins and their gene family in Oryza rufipogon: Novel genes and alleles from the progenitor of the domesticated japonica rice (O. sativa L.)
Authors: Mandal Swarupa Nanda , Sanchez Jacobo , Bhowmick Rakesh , Bello Oluwatobi R . , Beek Coenraad Van , Benildo de los Reyes
Published: September 2022

The BTB/POZ family of proteins is widespread in plants and animals, playing important roles in development, growth, metabolism, and environmental responses. Although members of the expanded BTB/POZ gene family (OsBTB) have been identified in cultivated rice (Oryza sativa), their conservation, novelty, and potential applications for allele mining inO. rufipogon, the direct progenitor ofO. sativassp. japonica and potential wide-introgression donor, are yet to be explored. This study describes an analysis of 110 BTB/POZ encoding gene loci (OrBTB) across the genome ofO. rufipogonas outcomes of tandem duplication events. Phylogenetic grouping of duplicatedOrBTBgenes was supported by the analysis of gene sequences and protein domain architecture, shedding some light on their evolution and functional divergence. TheO. rufipogongenome encodes eight novel BTB/POZ genes with orthologs in its distant cousins in the family Poaceae (Sorghum bicolor, Brachypodium distachyon), but such orthologs appeared to have been lost in its domesticated descendant,O. sativassp. japonica. Comparative sequence analysis and structure comparisons of novelOrBTBgenes revealed that diverged upstream regulatory sequences and regulon restructuring are the key features of the evolution of this large gene family. Novel genes from the wild progenitor serve as a reservoir of potential new alleles that can bring novel functions to cultivars when introgressed by wide hybridization. This study establishes a foundation for hypothesis-driven functional genomic studies and their applications for widening the genetic base of rice cultivars through the introgression of novel genes or alleles from the exotic gene pool.
Factors influencing accumulation of the selected metals in the tissues of spiny-cheek crayfish (Orconectes limosus Raf.)
Authors: Stanek Magdalena , Chachaj Bogusław , Różański Szymon
Published: September 2022

The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of age and sex of crayfish on the degree of accumulation of selected metals in the meat and exoskeleton. A total of 50 males and 50 females of the spiny-cheek crayfish were caught in autumn (October 2019) after a period of intense feeding using fyke nets. Metal concentrations were determined in freeze dried samples of the abdominal meat, exoskeleton and bottom sediments and water using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) with a SOLAR S4 spectrophotometer. The highest amounts of Zn were found in the meat of 4-year-old males, Cu of 3-year-old males, and Ca of 4-year-old males. As statistical calculations showed, both the age and sex of the crayfish were significant factors. BCF of Zn and Cu in the meat and exoskeleton of spiny-cheek crayfish was much higher from water than from sediments, unlike Ca. Only in a few cases the concentration of metals in the meat and exoskeleton significantly correlated with the total length (TL) of the crayfish. Consumption of 100 g of spiny-cheek crayfish meat could meet daily requirement for Zn up to 27.5% and for Ca in 12.4% and over 100% for Cu.
Polydatin Increases Lifespan and Rescue Lead-induced Behavioural Deficits, Inflammatory and Oxidative Damage in Drosophila melanogaster Harwich Strain.
Authors: Highab Salisu Muhammad , Ya'u Jamilu , Magaji Muhammad Garba , Shehu Dalhatu Muktar
Published: September 2022

Background
Lead (Pb) is toxic and cause many adverse clinical outcomes in children and adult, however, polydatin (PD) is a natural product from plants with reported antioxidative, neuroprotective and inflammatory properties. This study investigated the role of polydatin on lead-induced behavioural deficits, oxidative stress and inflammatory damages in D. melanogaster. D. melanogaster (Harwich strain, 1 to 3 days old) were orally administered lead acetate (PbAc) (0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 µM/5g diet) and PD (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 µM/5g diet) for 14-days survival assays respectively. Thereafter, three concentrations of PD (10, 20 and 40 µM/5g diet) and one concentration of PbAc (250 µM/5g diet) were selected to evaluate the ameliorative potential of polydatin on PbAc-induced toxicity in D. melanogaster after 5-days oral co-treatment.
Results
Markers of behavioural (acetylcholinesterase, locomotor performance, fecundity and eclosure of the flies (emergence)), oxidative stress-antioxidant status (hydrogen peroxide, total thiol, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase, cell viability), inflammation (nitric oxide) were evaluated. Polydatin elevate the lifespan of D. melanogaster in a dose-dependent manner up to 40 µM/kg diet. Furthermore, polydatin alleviate PbAc-induced inhibition of catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase activities in D. melanogaster. Moreover, polydatin significantly (p < 0.05) alleviate PbAc-induced cell death, behavioural deficits, accumulation of nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, total thiol levels and histopathological lesions in flies.
Conclusion
The lifespan prolonging effects of polydatin and its ameliorative role on PbAc-mediated toxicity in the flies may be due to its improvement in the behavioural deficits, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Quarantine and antibiotic susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae strains and other gram negative bacteria in dairy sweetmeat milk (doodh) peda
Authors: Amreen Fouzia , Puttananjaiaha Mohankumari Honganoor , Viswanath Prema
Published: September 2022

The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and isolation of Enterobacteriaceae strains and other gram negative bacteria of milk (doodh) peda-a traditional milk product of India. Bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae are the indicator organisms used to provide evidence of poor hygiene, inadequate processing or post-process contamination of foods. A total of 25 peda samples were collected from different places of Mysuru district to evaluate the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae. Seventeen Gram negative fermentative bacteria of clinical significance were detected, isolated and subsequently identified using API 20E strips method and other associated biochemical tests. Our outcomes indicate that milk peda were contaminated with the Enterobacteriaceae like Enterobacter cloacae, Yersinia bercovieri, Yersinia rohdei, Raoutlella terigena, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Pantoea agglomerans PA2, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp pneumoniae, Leclericia adecarboxylata, Photorhabdus nematophilus, Enterobacter gergoviae, Acinetobacter baumannii/calcoacetius, Cronobacter sakazaki (Enterobacter sakazaki). Further, the antimicrobial resistant of these Enterobacteriaceae group were also investigated against 20 antibiotics by the disc diffusion assay method. All isolates revealed susceptibility to the fluoroquinones and aminoglycosides, but resistance to the nitrofurantoin (70.59%), augmentin (52.94%), and cefpodoxime (47.06%) antibiotics. Our finding was the first report of prevalence and detection of E. gergoviae in a food sample (milk peda) and examined for antibiotic resistances.
Research Advances in Argonaute Proteins
Authors: Wei jianming , Zhang Chaoyue , Gao Bin , Zheng Yin , Feng Wenzhuo , Crabbe M. James C. , Li Yunzhou , Zhang Dalong
Published: September 2022

Background: Argonaute (AGO) is a large family of proteins and a primary component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). AGO proteins play important roles in regulatory processes, including RNA interference (RNAi) and gene silencing involving many small RNAs. RISC recognizes RNA by base complementary pairing and cleaves or suppresses translation to silence related genes. AGO proteins contain two domains: P-element induced wimpy testis (PIWI) and PIWI-Argonaute-Zwille, which can interact with small interfering RNA or target mRNA and play a key role in RNAi. The AGO protein family is also involved in biological defense mechanisms and may even become a new genome editing tool.
Methods and Results: This review collates and summarizes relevant literature in AGO protein research and describes the biological structure, functions, and characteristics of AGO proteins.
Conclusions: This review paper will provide a reference for related research and applications.
CircPARD3 promotes osteosarcoma proliferation and metastasis through regulating the miRNA-1294/ SKIL Pathway
Authors: Lv Guohua , Pan Yue , Wang Xiaoxiao , Li Yunchao , Li Xingyi
Published: September 2022

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor in the pediatric population. The main goal of this study is to investigate the role of circPARD3 and the underlying signaling pathway involved in OS.Methods: Cell proliferation was measured using a CCK-8 assay kit and clone formation assay. Cell migration and invasion was measured using transwell assay kit and wound-healing assay. Change of RNA and protein expression was determined using RNA extract and quantitative real time PCR (RT-qPCR) assay and Western blotting, respectively. RNA immune precipitation and Luciferase assay was used to confirm the predicted results. The xenograft model was established to evaluate the function of circPARD3 in vivo.Results: Expression of circPARD3 was upregulated in both OS tissues and cell lines. Silencing circPARD3 repressed OS cell proliferation and metastasis, while overexpression of circPARD3 promote OS cell tumorigenesis in vitro. Furthermore, up-regulation of circPARD3 significantly promoted the growth of OS cells in vivo. Moreover, circPARD3 directly and negatively modulated the expression of miR-1294 and positively regulated the expression of SKIL. Conclusion: Abnormally high expression of circPARD3 may promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS cells through up-regulating SKIL by sponging miR-1294. These results provide insight into therapeutic targets for preventing and treating OS.
Conservation Priorities for the Genus Serjania (Sapindaceae, Paullinieae), a Key Component in the Secondary Succesion of the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Bolivia
Authors: Coulleri Juan P. , Brem Marta C.
Published: September 2022

Bolivia is a country with a huge environmental variety, most of which are classified as seasonally dry forest, these ecosystems are threatened due land use, then subsequent abandonment promote the regrowth of the forest by secondary succession. Therefore, identify species that lead this process is key in order to protect them, being lianas good candidates as it theSerjaniagenus. Our objectives were defining conservation priorities ofSerjaniaspecies richness estimation; determine environmental factors that influence the distribution of these species and understand the dynamic of the SDTFs and secondary forest in America through present and futureSerjanianiche modelling. Our results set the conservation priorities in the Yungas slopes and the Chiquitano dry forest of Bolivia, these are the most diverse forests formations of the country, being the Chiquitano dry forest one of the most long-term stable American dry forests. Regarding to the environmental factors, for the species that only vegetate in the Chiquitano dry forest the temperature was the most important one, while the species that inhabit in the Yungas slope the precipitation regime represent the most influential variable for the presence of the species in these habitats. As for the dynamics of the Seasonally dry forest throughSerjaniadistribution modelling, an increase in the land coverage by these ones at the expense of their neighboring wet forest is projected, which also indicate the progression of the secondary forest due land use and climate change.
Structural variation of GL1 gene determines the trichome formation in Brassica juncea
Authors: Meng Yiqing , Lyu Xiaolong , Liu Jiaqi , Gao Wei , Ma Yuyuan , Liao Nanqiao , Li Zhangping , Bo Yongming , Hu Zhongyuan , Yang Jinghua , Zhang Mingfang
Published: September 2022

Mustards (Brassica juncea) are allopolyploid crops in the worldwide, and trichomes are essential quality attributes that significantly influence its taste and palpability in vegetable-use cultivars. As important accessory tissues from specialized epidermal cells, trichomes also play an important role in mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we constructed a F2 segregating population using YJ27 with intensive trichome leaves and 03B0307 with glabrous leaves as parents. By bulked segregant analysis (BSA-seq), we obtained a 2.1 Mb candidate region on B02 chromosome associated with the trichome or glabrous trait formation. Then we used 13 Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) markers for fine mapping and finally narrowed down the candidate region to about 448 kb in length. Interestingly, among the region, there was a 3 kb sequence deletion that located on the BjuVB02G54610gene in the F2 individuals with trichome leaves. Genotyping results of F2 populations confirmed this deletion (R2=81.44%) as a major QTL. Natural population resequencing analysis and genotyping results further validated the key role of the 3 kb structure variation (SV) of insertion/deletion type in trichome development in B. juncea. Our findings provide important information on the formation of trichomes and potential target gene for breeding vegetable mustards.
Sequential Band-Ratio in Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS to Enhance the Suspended Sediment Direction Monitoring in Urban Coastal Area
Authors: Trihatmoko Edy , Sartohadi Junun , Marfai Muh Aris , Hizbaron Dyah Rahmawati , Juhadi Juhadi , Pratiwi Elok Surya , Purwitaningsih Santika , Wongsokarto Misdianto
Published: September 2022

Various environmental processes as impacts of urban areas related to coastal dynamics require continuous monitoring using the Geographic Information System (GIS). Among such consequences, the spread pattern of suspended sediment in urban coastal areas indicates urban flood risk. This research aimed to determine the spread pattern of suspended sediment in the urban coastal area of Kendal Regency, Indonesia. The primary research method employed ENVI to analyze the sequential band-ratio from Landsat 7 TM to Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS satellite images. The results show that the distribution patterns effectively use band 3/2 of Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS with ca. 0.1 higher for the DN value compared to the band 4/3. This finding indicates different cases in other regions that mostly enhance the band ratio of 4/3 – sequentially match with band 3/2 in Landsat 7 TM. By receiving clear visualization from a band ratio of 3/2, the potential major distribution of suspended sediment was seen in the northeast during the west-east transitional season. However, the East-West's transitional season shows the sediment's circulation at certain points that could become the potential benchmark locations for the siltation occurrence because of sediment concentrations.
The consumption of date palm fruits as a source of bioactive compounds in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross sectional study
Authors: Al-Mssallem Muneera
Published: September 2022

It is commonly supposed among the public and health care providers that patients with diabetes should restrain or even avoid consumption of date palm fruits (DPFs). However, DPFs are a good source of nutritive and non-nutritive bioactive compounds. This study aimed to assess the nutritive and non-nutritive bioactive compounds of consumed DPFs and examine their relationship with glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) currently using oral antidiabetic medications (n=199) and insulin treatments (n=205). Blood glucose levels, HbA1c, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides were retrieved from the medical records of the patients. The bioactive compound indices of consumed DPFs were calculated. The results revealed that the consumption of DPFs was higher in patients with oral medications than in those on insulin treatments. The bioactive compound content of the consumed DPFs ranged from 4.80±0.18 g/d for non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) to 178±6.83 mg/d for selenium. However, the selenium index (273%) was the highest bioactive compound index in the consumed DPFs. Moreover, this study has detected a weak but significant correlation between the level of bioactive compounds of consumed DPFs and HbA1c levels. The study has revealed that the bioactive compound content of DPFs is negatively associated with lower HbA1c levels among patients with T2DM. An intervention trial is required to support this finding.
Mississippi Boiling: Boil Water Alerts and their Impact on the Unexcused Absence Rate in Public Schools in Jackson, Mississippi
Authors: Kim Myungjin , Devito Roberta , Durate Fabio , Tieskens Koen , Luna Marcos , Miranda Arianna , Mazzarello Martina , Otts Stepanie , Etzel Clark , Burks Shaunessey , Crossley Kayla , Lee Nina , Walker Erica
Published: September 2022

The water crisis in Jackson, Mississippi, has recently made national and international headlines as a major environmental catastrophe, impacting the public health and well-being of its residents. Environmental justice concerns have focused primarily on race and class as 83% of Jackson’s residents are Black and 25% of all residents live in poverty. Lost in the conversation are the public health implications for Jackson’s most vulnerable–its children, who make up 25% of the population. Currently, the only mechanism by which residents understand the water quality issues in real-time are boil water alerts that are issued when the city determines that water is unsafe to drink. Using data on boil water alerts (BWA) collected from the City of Jackson’s Water/Sewer Business Administration Office; school attendance data from Jackson’s Public School District, and data from the American Community Survey, we add an important layer to the current conversation by analyzing how boil water alerts disrupt student learning. In 2020 alone Jackson issued 454 BWA. We show that each time a BWA is issued, unexcused absence rates statistically significantly increase by 1% - 10%. These impacts were most pronounced in elementary and high schools with the majority (> 92%) non-white student body. In two specific cases, we show statistically significant decreases in unexcused absences in schools where 100% of the student body receive free and reduced lunches.
Growth and Survival of Finfish Fed on Natural and Formulated Feeds---A meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Shi Yonghai , Wang Hanxin
Published: September 2022

This meta-analysis was conducted as an effort to reply to the questions ‘did formulated feed perform as well as natural feed in terms of growth and survival of finfish which had weaned on it? And what accounted for the contradictory research findings on this issue?’ 42 articles were included from which data on final weight, FCR, HSI and survival rate were extracted. High heterogeneity was detected among assays of final weight, FCR as well as HSI, and thus, subgroup analysis and meta regression under random effect model were used to analyze the effect sizes; for survival rate, the heterogeneity was neglectable (I2 = 0.00), so the overall effect size estimate was accepted directly after adjustment by trim-and-fill method as non-neglectable publication bias was indicated. Leave-one-out analysis was conducted to test the impact of individual studies on the combined effect sizes. Results showed that fish fed on formulated feed had significantly lower final weight and significantly higher FCR than those fed on natural feed, while they survived as well as the counterparts. Although the combined effect size of HSI had no significant different from 0, liver alteration was detected in many species and further research are needed. Species of the subjects and their trophic levels, feeding ration, protein content of natural feed and the experiment duration partially accounted for the contradictions among the individual studies. In addition, the relatively poor performance of formulated feed was not due to protein or lipid deficiency; further studies are needed to explain the gap and then fill it.
Tandem CD19/CD22 CAR-T cells conquer high-risk cytogenetics and acquire complete remission in r/r B-ALL patients
Authors: Cui Wei , Zhang Xin-Yue , Dai Hai-Ping , Yin Jia , Li Zheng , Cui Qing-Ya , Kang Li-Qing , Yu Lei , Wu De-Pei , Tang Xiao-Wen
Published: September 2022

Background
CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) have demonstrated impressive response rates in relapse and refractory B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (r/r B-ALL). However, a high rate of patients suffered a CD19-negative (CD19−) relapse, and confers dismal outcomes. Dual targets approaches are proved to optimize the response rate and prevent antigen negative relapse. While for r/r B-ALL patients, whether it would show better outcome than CD19 CAR-T, is still not clear.
Methods
We conducted an open label, single center clinical trial at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University to investigate the efficacy and safety of tandem CD19/CD22 dual targets CAR-T cells for r/r B-ALL.
Results
A total of 47 r/r B-ALL patients with high-risk cytogenetics, such as TP53 alteration, Philadelphia Chromosome positive (Ph+) ALL with T315I mutation and Ph-like ALL, received CD19/CD22 CAR-T therapy from 2017 October to 2021 June. Severe cytokine release syndrome occurred in 8 of 47 patients (17.02%). The immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) and macrophage release syndrome (MAS) were rare observed. Hematologic complete remission (CR) was observed in 47/47 (100%) and 40/47 (85.1%) patients achieved minimal residual disease negative (MRD-) CR. At a median follow up of 24.83 months (range, 2.57 to 50.67), overall survival was 93.56% (95% CI, 81.36–97.8%) at 6 months, 80.51% (95% CI, 65.88–89.35%) at 1 year. Twelve patients relapsed post CAR-T infusion and only 2 of 12 had CD19- recurrence. The leukemia free survival (LFS) rate and cumulative incidence of relapse at 1 year was 74.47% (95% CI, 59.44–84.61%) and 19.66% (95% CI, 4.36–42.68%), respectively. High-risk cytogenetics did not affect the long long-term survival. The multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that better long-term LFS was associated with MRD-CR status post CAR-T, as well as bridging hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
Conclusions
Tandem CD19/CD22 CAR-T cells are safety and effective for patients with high-risk cytogenetics. Allo-HSCT can provide long-term durable disease control in these patients.
Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT 03614858
Implications of 5G Network on IoT-based Healthcare Systems Using Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kumar N. K.Senthil , Kumar V. Dhilip , Kavitha M. , Alenezi Fayadh , Polat Kemal , Alhudhaif Adi , Nour Majid
Published: September 2022

A global patient-oriented approach quickly replaces the traditionally specialized healthcare model in smart health care. Several technological breakthroughs have facilitated this tremendous transition in healthcare. Presently, innovative healthcare programs use 4G communication protocols in the field. Intelligent connected healthcare systems must incorporate these methods and technologies to thrive. As the healthcare sector expands, different applications are anticipated to generate large quantities of information in different configurations and quantities. Due to end-to-end interruption, frequency, congestion, and other characteristics of these vast and varied data streams, they require specific supervision. Future health care applications will need to be very flexible and responsive within a sensitive time frame, which presents a challenge for today's communication systems. Deep learning models might be interpreted in this context as among the principal resources available to supervise data and generate conclusions. The 5G and DL approach convergence are promising because these methods can obtain pertinent features from unstructured data. Consequently, the distinct communication requirements of electronic health records in the Internet of Things are primarily addressed via the development and creation of 5G networks. IoT network connectivity approaches to address issues with interoperability, energy consumption, device complexity, and reliability while accommodating many devices. This paper contributes to an analysis of IoT-based 5G facilitated intelligent healthcare solutions and services. By organizing and evaluating existing literature, the paper provides a paradigm for efficient health care in 5G. Most of the necessary conditions are outlined for effectively implementing intelligent healthcare systems in specific 5G circumstances. Finally, the number of unresolved problems and research impasses in 5G healthcare monitoring in IoT solutions are discussed.