bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship of Cigarette Addiction, Smartphone Addiction and Self-Control of Men's Dormitory Students
Authors: Purnomo Andreas Wisnu Adi , Loekmono J.T. Lobby
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine whether there is a significant relationship between cigarette addiction, simultaneous smartphone addiction and self-control. The subjects who became respondents were students who live in the male dormitory of Satya Wacana Christian University, totalling 109 students as the population. The sampling technique chosen was purposive sampling with the criteria of students who were active smokers and were involved in using smartphones. The research method used is correlational quantitative. The sample consisted of 33 students. The analysis technique used is the multiple correlation formula. Based on the results of various correlation analyzes, the R-value is -0.350 in the opposite direction. For comparison, the Fcount value is found to be 2.128 and the F table with a significant 5% of 4,130. In other words, Fcount Ftable, which means there is no significant relationship. The results of this study found that there was no significant relationship between cigarette addiction, simultaneous smartphone addiction and self-control.
Evaluasi Kualitatif Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Infeksi Saluran Kemih dengan Metode Gyssens
Authors: Anggraini Wirda , Candra Tifany Maulida , Maimunah Siti , Sugihantoro Hajar
Published: December 2020

Abstract—Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) was the presence of the large number of microorganisms in the urine that can cause urinary tract infections. UTIs were infection whose incidence is still high in Indonesia. The main therapy of UTIs was using antibiotics. The immense of antibiotic use can cause irrationality. This irrationality would give some negative effects such as allergic reaction, physiological changes, and antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to know the quality of antibiotic use in UTI patients in Kanjuruhan Region General Hospital. The type of research was observational by the cross-sectional design. The data were taken retrospectively during September-November 2019 and used the medical records of 27 UTI inpatients. The results of this study determined 20% including category 0 (approriate use of antibiotic), 2,86% category I (antibiotic use not correct timing); 28,57% category II A (antibiotic use not correct dose); 34,29% category II B (antibiotic use not correct interval); 11,42% category III B (antibiotic use is too short) and 2,86% category IV A (there is more effective alternative). Keywords: antibiotic, gyssens, urinary tract

Abstrak—Infeksi Saluran Kemih (ISK) merupakan suatu keadaan dimana terdapat mikroorganisme dalam urin yang jumlahnya sangat banyak dan mampu mengakibatkan infeksi pada saluran kemih. ISK tergolong penyakit infeksi yang angka kejadiannya masih tinggi di Indonesia. Terapi utama ISK adalah terapi dengan menggunakan antibiotik. Meluasnya penggunaan antibiotik dapat menyebabkan tidak rasionalnya penggunaan antibiotik. Penatalaksanaan terapi antibiotik yang tidak rasional dapat menimbulkan risiko antara lain adalah reaksi alergi, toksisitas, perubahan fisiologi, dan resistensi antibiotik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien ISK di RSUD Kanjuruhan Kabupaten Malang. Jenis penelitian adalah observasional dengan menggunakan desain penelitian cross-sectional. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara retrospektif selama bulan September-November 2019 dan menggunakan 27 data rekam medik pasien ISK Rawat Inap. Hasil evaluasi kualitatif menunjukkan, sebesar 20% termasuk kategori 0 (penggunaan antibiotik tepat/bijak); 2,86% kategori I (penggunaan antibiotik tidak tepat waktu); 28,57% kategori II A (penggunaan antibiotik tidak tepat dosis); 34,29% kategori II B (penggunaan antibiotik tidak tepat interval pemberian); 11,42% kategori III B (penggunaan antibiotik terlalu singkat); dan 2,86% kategori IV A (ada antibiotik lain yang lebih efektif). Kata kunci : antibiotik, gyssens, infeksi saluran kemih
El requisito de Agotamiento de Recursos Internos, ¿Principio de Derecho Internacional?
Authors: Manelli Matías
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo reconstruye, desde una perspectiva comparada, el alcance del requerimiento de Agotamiento de Recursos Internos (ARI) y las excepciones admitidas en los tribunales internacionales. Para ello, se analizan antecedentes jurisprudenciales de distintos sistemas internacionales y, subsidiariamente, regulaciones generales en los casos en los que no existan en la jurisprudencia que haga referencias directas al instituto, ello con el fin de identificar el alcance y, por ende, las limitaciones en torno a la regla de ARI en tanto principio de Derecho Internacional, teniendo en consideración que el desarrollo de las distintas jurisdicciones y, consecuentemente, del Derecho Internacional se da en un escenario de fragmentación. En dicho sentido, en los casos en los que no se da un abordaje de la categoría en cuestión se reconstruirán categorías análogas, subsumiendo el objeto de análisis en las condiciones de admisibilidad en general. La hipótesis que orienta este trabajo afirma que la regla de ARI es flexible a nivel global, en un contexto de fragmentación que si bien condiciona su sistematización no imposibilita la identificación de tendencias comunes. El estudio realizado llevó a concluir que el grado de heterogeneidad de las jurisdicciones impide afirmar que la regla constituya un principio de aplicación general.
The Combination of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi with Rock Powder and Poultry Litter: An Appropriate Natural Fertiliser for Improving the Productivity of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr)
Authors: Fabrice Kamdem Kaigom , Lucien Tchuenteu Tatchum , Abba Maimouna , Clautilde Megueni
Published: December 2020

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the combination of various natural fertilisers on growth and seed yield of the soybean plants. Field experimentations were carried out during two cropping seasons (2018 and 2019). A randomized complete block experimental design with 11 treatments (F1: 30 g of poultry litter, F2: 60 g of poultry litter, MP: 10 g of mycorrhizae + 10 g of vivianite powder, MF1: 10 g of mycorrhizae + 30 g of poultry litter, MF2: 10 g of mycorrhizae + 60 g of poultry litter, PF1: 10 g of vivianite powder + 30 g of poultry litter, PF2: 10 g of vivianite powder + 60 g of poultry litter, MPF1: 10 g of mycorhizae + 10 g of vivianite powder + 30 g of poultry litter, MPF2: 10 g of mycorrhizae + 10 g of vivianite powder + 60 g of poultry litter, T+: chemical fertiliser, T–: unfertilised plants) and three replications were used. The growth parameters and seed yield were evaluated. The results showed that the growth and seed yield of soybean varied depending on the fertiliser and the cropping season. Plants that have received the MPF2 treatment exhibited significantly (p ˂ 0.05) the highest values of the studied parameters (plants height, foliar production, plants dry biomass, seed yield). The MPF2 treatment increased the seed yield of soybean by 20.08% and 184.76% compared to T+ and T– treatments, respectively. The supply of the following combination, 10 g of mycorrhizae + 10 g of vivianite powder + 60 g of poultry litter was found to be very promising in improving the soybean plant growth and therefore, can be used as an alternative to replacing the mineral fertilisers usually employed for the cultivation of this crop.
Genetic variation of the major histocompatibilty complex-B haplotypes in Nigerian local chicken populations
Authors: Olufowobi Olanrewaju Teslim , Ilori Babatunde Moses , Olowofeso Olajide , Sogunle Olajide Mark , Omotoso Adewunmi Omolade
Published: December 2020

To understand the genetic basis and mechanism underlying the differences in the level of immunity among and within chicken populations in Nigeria, it is important to start from the Major Histocompability Complex (MHC) region particularly as it serves as a reservoir for genes of the immune system. The B-complex of chicken major histocompatibility complex, located on microchromosome 16, consists of gene classes responsible for immunity through antigen presentation to T cells. A highly polymorphic tandem repeat marker (LEI0258) located within the B-complex has been a marker of choice for genotyping to identify major histocompatibility complex-B haplotypes and to study the genetic diversity of chicken populations. This study was carried out to determine the genetic variations, at the LEI0258 locus, in three Nigerian local chicken populations; Normal feather, Frizzle feather and Naked neck. The allelic and genotypic profiles of each representative from each population were determined through polymerase chain reaction amplification of the repeat region. The genetic diversity parameters, analysis of molecular variance and evolutionary relationship were determined using GenAlex, FSTAT, Arlequin and POPTREEW, respectively. 76 % of the entire population was heterozygous at the LEI0258 locus. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that large proportion of the total variations across populations was due to variation between individuals (79 %), whereas variations among the populations and among individuals within populations only accounted for less than 1 % and 21 %, respectively. Using Anak Titan as an exotic outgroup, the evolutionary relationship among the Nigerian local chicken populations was studied and a Nei-based dendrogram showed two major clades separating the exotic population from the Nigerian local chicken populations. The identified diversity at the locus could be exploited for usage in further breeding programmes especially for disease resistance and fitness in locally adapted chicken populations in Nigerian.
An investigation of the effects of organisational communication on work outcomes within agriculture research institutes in Nigeria
Authors: Oso Oluwatoyin Aduke , Lawal-Adebowale Okanlade Adesokan , Aduradola Remi Rebecca , Adigun James Kehinde
Published: December 2020

The study investigated the effects of organisational communication on work outcomes (job satisfaction, affective commitment and quit-intentions) of agriculture research personnel from six research institutes in Nigeria. Further, the mediational role of job satisfaction was determined among the constructs. Simple random sampling technique was used to elicit information from 209 researchers of the selected research institutes. Data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire and analysed using hierarchical regression and Sobel tests. Results obtained from hierarchical regression analyses indicated that organisational communication was related to job satisfaction (b = 0.18, P < 0.01), affective commitment (b1 = 0.20, P < 0.01) and quit-intentions (b1 = – 0.18, P < 0.01). Sobel test indicated that job satisfaction partially mediated the organisational communication-affective commitment relationship (Z = 5.42, P < 0.05). Similarly, job satisfaction was a partial mediator of the organisational communication – quit-intention relationship (Z = 4.13, P < 0.05). This is an indication that increased organisational communication fosters personnel’s satisfaction with job, improves affective commitment and reduces intents of quitting the organisation. Evidence of partial mediation revealed that job satisfaction may not be the only mediator of the predictor-criterions linkages.
Investigation of Electronic and Optical Properties of Novel Oxychalcogenides by Density Functional Theory
Authors: Moufok S. , Amrani B.
Published: December 2020

The search for a new material with unparalleled properties has attracted the interest of the scientific community due to rapid development of technology and it can be very inspiring to the future experiments. In this paper, electronic structure and optical properties of the new rare earth coinage-metal chalconegides YCuChO (Ch=S, Se, Te) are investigated in detail using state-of-the art density functional theory (DFT). Both the GGA-PBEsol and TB-mBJ functionals were used to describe the exchange-correlation interactions. These compounds are novel and have not been synthesized before. The optimized structural parameters, viz., lattice parameters and atomic position coordinates, are predicted. The analyses of the electronic properties indicate that the studied compounds are wide direct bandgap semiconductors. The calculated bandgaps varying from 1.69 eV (for the Te compound) to 2.5 eV (for the S compound) with the mBJ approach. Moreover, the optical properties of these compounds were comprehensively studied and discussed in terms of the dielectric function and loss function. The results provide theoretical support for the exploration of YCuChO (Ch=S, Se, Te) materials in potential optoelectronic applications.
Data Mining Applications in SMEs: An Italian Perspective
Authors: Topalović Amir , Azzini Antonia
Published: December 2020

Background

From the last decade, data mining techniques, employed in particular in customer relationship management, have assumed a key role in the profitability and operations of companies. To support small and medium companies (SMEs), several innovative and continuously improving tools have been developed that allow SMEs to utilize the internal and external data sources to increase their competitiveness.

Objectives

In this paper, an analysis of the impact of digitalization, and in particular data mining techniques, in the context of SMEs development is presented.

Methods/Approach

A review of various sources has been conducted, with the focus on open source tools, since in the context of the Italian economy they are used by SMEs the most.

Results

First, the analysis presents a brief review of the data mining techniques available and shows how they are practically employed in small companies. Second, an economical review of investments in data mining projects in Italy is presented.

Conclusions

The review indicates that data mining techniques can boost a company in the market. However, the awareness of data mining as a company asset is still not strong in Italian SMEs and most investments in Italy are still carried out by large companies.
Euthanasia as an issue in ethics of social consequences?
Authors: Kalajtzidis Ján
Published: December 2020

The main aim of the presented paper is to look for an answer as to whether and how euthanasia reflected is in ethics of social consequences. Ethics of social consequences is a contemporary Slovak ethical theory with an original approach to delimitating moral agency. The paper puts this definition to the test while considering the main focus of the paper – responding to the question of whether euthanasia and end of life can be understood as a moral uncertainty. The intention is to find out whether the definition is clear and adequate to withstand the basic arguments against euthanasia. Since ethics of social consequences is a consequentialist ethical theory, another partial goal is to analyse the fitness of such a position to be used in bioethical inquires.
Forest site conditions and the threat for insect outbreaks in the Scots pine stands of Polissya
Authors: Andreieva Olena , Goychuk Anatoliy
Published: December 2020

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most spread forest tree species in Polissya and the most damaged by foliage browsing and stem insects. The aim of this study was to reveal the changes in the distribution of different forest site conditions for 2010–2019 in Scots pine forests of the selected forestry enterprises of Polissya and possible consequences for the spread of foliage browsing insects. Database of Production Association ‘Ukrderzhlisproekt’ (by 2010 and 2019) was analysed for five State Forest Enterprises (FE) that are located in the Central (Zhytomyr Region) and Western (Rivne and Volyn Regions) Polissya, where the large scale outbreaks of stem pests were registered last decade.

The types of forest site conditions were designated in accordance with the Ukrainian typology. Distribution of the forest area by trophotops and hygrotops was evaluated for the forest-covered area, for Scots pine stands, and for pure Scots pine stands in 2010 and in 2019.

For 2010–2019, the area of all Scots pine forests and its proportion in the forest-covered area has significantly decreased in the most of analysed forest enterprises. The change for 2010–2019 in the distribution both by the tropho-tops and by hygrotops of the entire forest-covered area, the area of all Scots pine forests and pure pine forests is not statistically significant. However, in assessment year 2019, the proportion of stands in the moist types of forest site conditions slightly increased. It may be the result of the stands’ mortality in the driest sites after an outbreak of bark beetles. A greater decrease in the proportion of Scots pine forest area in the dry poor, fresh poor, and dry relatively poor forest site conditions was found in the western direction. Therefore, the noted decrease in the foci areas of foliage browsing insects in Polissya in 2010–2012 compared to the 2000–2002 could be associated with a decrease in the most preferred stands, namely the poorest and driest types of forest site conditions.
Are Fiscal Deficits Really Inflationary? An Investigation Into Ethiopia’s Experience
Authors: Alemu Minyahil
Published: December 2020

This study establishes long-run relations between budget deficits and inflation, while controlling for money supply owing to the justified links between deficits and money supply especially for developing countries. We employed time series data with temporal coverage of 1980-2018. Augmented Dickey Fuller has tested nonstationary for all series, but with all stationary at first difference. The Engle-Granger (1981) methodology for Cointegration tested long-run relation between budget deficits, money supply and inflation. Due to Laney and Willet (1983), the conventional least squares regression was adopted to estimate parameters of long-run equation. The results evidenced that fiscal deficits and money supply have been at the root of galloping inflation in Ethiopia. Besides, budget deficits have been the root cause of money supply growth in Ethiopia; while giving empirical support to the hypothesis that, governments of least developed countries resort to monetize large portion of their deficits. There is a need to reform the fiscal aspect of the government, if the mounting rate of deficits has to be lessened. Budgetary imbalances can be rectified through enhancement of domestic capital market and setting limits on central bank borrowing. Besides, it could be vital to expand the tax base as well as intensify efficiency of the existing tax system in the country.
Valuation of Start-Up Company Using Real and Financial Assets Rate of Return
Authors: Loebiantoro Ika Yanuarti , Listiawan Jeunifer Nia
Published: December 2020

The objective of this research is to analyse and describe the valuation of start-up company using the Discounted Cash Flow Analysis. There are several combination of discount rates, including combination of beta, risk free rate and market return. There are several market returns applied in the calculation of the discount rate, such as gold price, crude oil, property price index and IDX composite. The object of research is PT. XYZ, which is a start-up company engaged in the field of software (System & Mobile Application). The results showed that PT. XYZ is a start-up that has a systematic risk (Beta) of 5.1 point, which is lower than the average beta of hi-tech start-up companies. The fair value of PT. XYZ is Rp 3,729,416,128,911. Using a confidence level of 95%, the deviation of company’s value is between Rp102,726,286,407 and Rp7,356,105,971,415. It is concluded that valuing the start-up using real and financial asset return as a benchmark will provide high fair value. The reason is the return in those assets are lower because of lower risk. The lower rate of return will make the value of the start-up company higher. Therefore, investors will request the start-up company to provide higher value.
Towards Effective Music Therapy for Mental Health Care Using Machine Learning Tools: Human Affective Reasoning and Music Genres
Authors: Rahman Jessica Sharmin , Gedeon Tom , Caldwell Sabrina , Jones Richard , Jin Zi
Published: December 2020

Music has the ability to evoke different emotions in people, which is reflected in their physiological signals. Advances in affective computing have introduced computational methods to analyse these signals and understand the relationship between music and emotion in greater detail. We analyse Electrodermal Activity (EDA), Blood Volume Pulse (BVP), Skin Temperature (ST) and Pupil Dilation (PD) collected from 24 participants while they listen to 12 pieces from 3 different genres of music. A set of 34 features were extracted from each signal and 6 different feature selection methods were applied to identify useful features. Empirical analysis shows that a neural network (NN) with a set of features extracted from the physiological signals can achieve 99.2% accuracy in differentiating among the 3 music genres. The model also reaches 98.5% accuracy in classification based on participants’ subjective rating of emotion. The paper also identifies some useful features to improve accuracy of the classification models. Furthermore, we introduce a new technique called ’Gingerbread Animation’ to visualise the physiological signals we record as a video, and to make these signals more comprehensible to the human eye, and also appropriate for computer vision techniques such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Our results overall provide a strong motivation to investigate the relationship between physiological signals and music, which can lead to improvements in music therapy for mental health care and musicogenic epilepsy reduction (our long term goal).
Controlled K-Fusion Frame for Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Assila Nadia , Kabbaj Samir , Moalige Brahim
Published: December 2020

K-fusion frames are a generalization of fusion frames in frame theory. In this paper, we extend the concept of controlled fusion frames to controlled K-fusion frames, and we develop some results on the controlled K-fusion frames for Hilbert spaces, which generalize some well known results of controlled fusion frame case. Also we discuss some characterizations of controlled Bessel K-fusion sequences and of controlled K-fusion frames. Further, we analyze stability conditions of controlled K-fusion frames under perturbation.
Impacts of the Transformation to Industry 4.0 in the Manufacturing Sector: The Case of the U.S.
Authors: Rojko Katarina , Erman Nuša , Jelovac Dejan
Published: December 2020

Background and purpose: The transformation to Industry 4.0 increases the number of robots installed within industries, which brings great shifts in industrial ecosystems. For this reason, our research goal was to analyze the key performance indicators to investigate the economic and social sustainability of the changes in production.

Methodology: The combination of official (World Bank, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics) and publicly available (Federal Reserve Economic Data, Industrial Federation of Robotics) data was used for statistical data processing, including comparison, correlation, cross-correlation and vector autoregression analysis, to present the past developments and also to predict future trends within the U.S. manufacturing sector.

Results: In contrast to robust industry robotization observed in the 2008–2018 period, the share of manufacturing output and employment declined. Nonetheless, the vector autoregression model forecast shows, that the U.S. manufacturing sector has arrived at a turning point, after which robotization can increase employment and labor productivity of workers, while also stimulating further growth of their education levels.

Conclusion: The transition to Industry 4.0 has a major impact on increasing demands for new knowledge and skills for increased productivity. Accordingly, forecasted growths of analyzed manufacturing indicators suggest that negative impacts of robotization in the recent past were only temporary, due to the entrance to the Industry 4.0 era. Nonetheless, additional policies to support sustainable industry development are required.
A uniquely fire creature, a uniquely fire planet
Authors: Pyne Stephen
Published: December 2020

n/a
Synthesis and in vitro Antifungal Efficacy of Copper-silica Nanocomposites against Pathogenic Fungi of Rice
Authors: Thanh Hai Nguyen Thi , My Phuong Ton Nu , Luong Nguyen Viet , Toan Dao Khac , Hoa Tran Thai , Thu Thuy Nguyen Thi
Published: December 2020

In this study, copper-silica nanocomposites were synthesized by using silica nanoparticles extracted from rice husks as carriers for copper nanoparticles.  Copper-silica nanocomposites (Cu-silicaNPs) were synthesized  by a simple and effectively chemical reduction process with hydrazine as a reducing agent. Cu-silica NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The average size of nanocomposite materials is about 20 nm. Cu-silica NPs products had a high inhibitory effect on Pyricularia oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani, causing rice blast and sheath blight.
Aspidistra papillata G.Z.Li (Asparagaceae Juss.): A New Record for the Flora of Vietnam
Authors: Khang Nguyen Sinh , Son Hoang Thanh , Thanh Nguyen Trung
Published: December 2020

This study presents the morphological characteristics, colour illustration, biological information, ecology and distribution of Aspidistra papillata G.Z. Li, formerly considered as an endemic species to China, but recently discovered and recorded for the Flora of Vietnam, to identify new aspects of this species.
Turismo y naturaleza preservada en América Latina
Authors: Bertoncello Rodolfo
Published: December 2020

El texto tiene por objetivo analizar la valorización turística de la naturaleza sujeta a instancias de preservación, en las denominadas en general áreas de protección ambiental, en América Latina. Si bien su interés se concentra en los procesos actuales, considera necesario presentar un recorrido histórico en el que recupera tanto el proceso de creación y consolidación de estas unidades de preservación, como las modalidades que el turismo fue adquiriendo en su aprove-chamiento. En este recorrido presenta las relaciones que esta valorización establece con los contextos sociales en los que se inscribe, como asimismo con las ideas y representaciones de la naturaleza, la preservación y el turismo que avalan dicha valorización. Para el contexto actual, reconoce dos grandes vías o perspectivas de valorización turística de la naturaleza preservada. Una de ellas se inscribe plenamente en las coordenadas de la economía global, teniendo a las intervenciones de mercado como instrumento priorizado. La otra se orienta hacia el desarrollo local y participativo, teniendo como marco general los principios de la sustentabilidad. En ambas se observan logros y limitaciones, que son expuestos de manera sintética y en relación con las expectativas vigentes en torno al turismo como impulsor del desarrollo en general y, en particular, para los lugares y poblaciones involucrados.
A FLEXIBILIZAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS TRABALHISTAS FRENTE À VALORIZAÇÃO DO NEGOCIADO SOBRE O LEGISLADO
Authors: Sousa Jéffson Menezes de , Gois Maria Duliana
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho visa abordara temática da flexibilização dos direitos trabalhistas no âmbito das negociações coletivas de trabalho, em especial a inserção do artigo 611-A, na CLT, dada pela Lei nº 13.467/17, intitulada como Reforma trabalhista, a qual legitima a prevalência do negociado sobre o legislado. Para tanto, são analisados os preceitos e garantias constitucionais assegurados ao trabalhador, a fim de verificar a validade deste novo modelo introduzido na legislação trabalhista, uma vez que o trabalho em si constitui um direito social do trabalhador e foi alçado ao patamar de direito fundamental pela Constituição de 1988, e como tal deve ser levado em consideração no momento da elaboração, interpretação e aplicação da norma jurídica, residindo a problemática nos reflexos da mitigação de direitos permitida a partir de tais mudanças. Para esse fim, em busca do aprofundamento do presente estudo, a pesquisa se reveste de caráter qualitativo, consistindo em uma revisão bibliográfica e análise jurisprudencial acerca do presente tema.
A rare case of intramedullary schwannoma at conus medullaris: A case report with review of literature
Authors: Varshney Rahul , Bharadwaj Pranjal , Choudhary Ajay , Paliwal Purnima , Kaushik Kaviraj
Published: December 2020

Background:

Intramedullary spinal schwannomas constitute only 0.3% of primary spine tumors. We could identify only 13 such cases involving the conus that were not associated with neurofibromatosis (NF). Here, we report a 70-year-old male without NF who was found to have a paraparesis due to a schwannoma of the thoracolumbar junction/conus (D11-L2).

Case Description:

A 70-year-old male presented with an L1-level paraparesis with urinary incontinence. The magnetic resonance showed an intramedullary mass of 85 × 10 mm extending from D11 to L2; it demonstrated significant patchy enhancement. The patient underwent a D12 and L1 laminectomy with gross total excision of the mass that proved to be a schwannoma. Three months postoperatively, he was able to ambulate with support, and regained sphincter function.

Conclusion:

Intramedullary schwannomas involving the conus/thoracolumbar junction are rare, and can be successfully excised resulting in good outcomes.
Adaptación y medición del índice de convergencia en los medios de comunicación universitarios
Authors: Trámpuz Reyes Juan Pablo
Published: December 2020

La convergencia es un proceso que ha sumido a los medios de comunicación en una constante de cambios, lo que también involucra a los actores universitarios. En este sentido, la presente investigación se plantea como objetivos adaptar el índice de medición de la convergencia considerando las particularidades del contexto de los medios de comunicación universitarios -MCU- ecuatorianos, así como analizar el avance de cada una de sus dimensiones a partir de la implementación de esta herramienta. Los resultados obtenidos, mediante las técnicas del cuestionario y el análisis documental, dan cuenta que los MCU han profundizado más en el desarrollo de la polivalencia periodística, mientras que la participación de las audiencias, en general, todavía sigue siendo un desafío que requiere innovación y un mayor acercamiento con sus públicos. Sin embargo, se advierte que algunas cuestiones relacionadas con el tamaño, la consolidación y la integración de los grupos mediáticos con los procesos formativos, complejizan la puesta en marcha de los ámbitos de la convergencia periodística en estos espacios que conjugan lo comunicacional con lo educativo.
核心素养视角下的初中英语教材文化意识体现——以人教社《新目标Go for it!》教材为例
Authors: 郑 加明
Published: December 2020

新课程改革要求培养学生的学科核心素养，教材作为师生教学间的主要纽带，其内容的恰当与有效性对学生学科核心素养能力的养成有着至关重要的作用。针对人教社《新目标Go for it!》教材，论文主要分析了其教材活动设计与语篇中体现的文化意识，从而更好地指导教师进行课堂活动设计。
GELİŞMİŞ VE GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELERDE SAVUNMA HARCAMALARININ İKTİSADİ BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDE ETKİSİ: G20 ÜLKELERİ İÇİN MUKAYESELİ BİR ANALİZ
Authors: ÖZCAN Mehmet
Published: December 2020

Savunma harcamaları iktisadi büyüme ilişkisi, birbirinden oldukça farklı sonuçlara ulaşmış birçok çalışma ile incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada G20 ülkeleri örneklemi gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler olarak iki parçaya ayırmış, oluşturulan iki panel veri seti için savunma harcamalarının iktisadi büyüme üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu araştırmada iktisadi teorik alt yapı için, Barro (1990) büyüme modelindeki üretim fonksiyonundan faydalanılmıştır. Bu fonksiyona göre toplam kamu harcamalarının her bir alt kaleminin iktisadi büyüme üzerindeki etkisi farklıdır. Yatay kesit bağımlılık sorununu dikkate alan yöntemler ile gerçekleştirilen ekonometrik analizler sonrası, gelişmiş G20 ülkelerinde savunma harcamaları ile iktisadi büyüme arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamışken, aralarında Türkiye’nin de bulunduğu gelişmekte olan G20 ülkelerinde savunma harcamalarının iktisadi büyümeyi pozitif yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Ancak elde edilen bulgular bu sonucun tek başına değerlendirilmemesi gerektiğine işaret etmektedir. Çünkü toplam kamu harcamalarının iktisadi büyümeye olan negatif etkisi, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde gelişmiş ülkelere göre yaklaşık iki kat daha fazladır. Savunma harcamaları da toplam kamu harcamalarının bir parçası olduğundan, iktisadi büyüme üzerinde tespit edilen pozitif etki dikkatli yorumlanmalıdır.
Base Nacional Comum Curricular:
Authors: Canova Raquel Fernanda Ghellar , Prestes Rosi Maria
Published: December 2020

Este artigo traz à cena reflexões sobre a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e o Ensino e Aprendizagem da Educação Ambiental (EA) no campo da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT). O procedimento de investigação utilizado foi de base documental, com análise dos textos das políticas que a regulamentam e da inserção da EA na BNCC, com ênfase no ensino técnico e tecnológico. A BNCC, no que diz respeito à etapa Ensino Médio, dá autonomia às redes de ensino e às escolas. O jovem poderá optar por uma formação técnico-profissional, dentro da carga horária do Ensino Médio. Verificou-se que, na BNCC, a EA está na condição de “tema integrador”, prevalecendo a compartimentalização em disciplinas, com possível reinserção condicionada à autonomia das escolas. Neste contexto, a BNCC apresenta limitações que devem ser reconhecidas em relação à política pública que visa responder aos interesses de todos. No ensino técnico e tecnológico há esforços para integrar a EA em diversas atividades e a oportunidade de construir conhecimento, porém, o grande desafio é conseguir desenvolver a EA e ao mesmo tempo integrá-la com o máximo possível de disciplinas, considerando que o atual sistema educacional ainda reproduz o modelo tradicional de ensino. Para isto, pensando na mudança desta realidade, que a EA deve ser vista como forma de contribuir para que os técnicos formados sejam, além de bons profissionais, cidadãos críticos e conscientes do seu papel.
Relational Perception and ‘the feel’ for Tools in the Wooden Boat Workshop
Authors: Martin Tom
Published: December 2020

This paper presents insights into the lived experience of maritime carpentry practices, based on six months of sensory-ethnographic fieldwork as a wooden boat builder’s apprentice. In particular, the author explores the widely-reported experience of tools ‘withdrawing’ from consciousness as craftspeople master their use. Without contradicting these interpretations – many of which are constructed by way of reference to ideas from Merleau-Ponty – the author suggests further theoretical resources to examine the perceptual experience of work after tools cease to be the main focus of the craftsperson’s attention. Heidegger’s idea of ‘circumspection’ is presented as a way to illuminate the relational nature of the subsequent mode of perception, in which the work as a whole fills the consciousness, rather than the individual instruments through which the work is achieved.
Moral Complexities of Student Question-Asking in Classroom Practice
Authors: Yanchar Stephen C. , Gong Susan P.
Published: December 2020

Prior research on student question-asking has primarily been conducted from a cognitive, epistemological standpoint. In contrast, we present a hermeneutic-phenomenological investigation that emphasizes the moral-practical context in which question-asking functions as a situated way of being in the midst of practice. More particularly, we present a hermeneutic study of student question-asking in a graduate seminar on design theory (i.e., a seminar focused on theory and philosophy of design, emphasizing the work of design scholars such as Simon, Cross, Krippendorff, and Lawson). The study offers a unique moral-practical perspective on this commonly studied phenomenon. Our analysis yielded four themes regarding the moral-practical intricacies of question-asking in this setting, with a particular focus on time-related constraints on participation, various types of background understanding, and value-laden expectations that participants encountered in this complex ecology of practice.
El Burlador y la perspectiva traductológica moderna
Authors: Leonetti Francesca
Published: December 2020

This article explores the different philological and methodological strategies of three Italian translations of El Burlador de Sevilla y Convidado de piedra, a particularly complex and rich text. The comparative analysis will focus on a number of sequences that are significant both for interpretation of the original text and the different translation options that may arise. Issues related to the title’s translation, onomastics, neologisms, proverbs and problematic places, will be addressed. Such issues call for metalinguistic reflections that can be extremely useful when we decide to make one of the products of the aurei ingegni travel to Italy.
Ability to Tolerate Distress Moderates the Indirect Relationship between Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Loss-of-Control Over Eating via Affective Lability
Authors: Burr Emily , Dvorak Robert , Stevenson Brittany , Schaefer Lauren , Wonderlich Stephen
Published: December 2020

This study examines a model of Loss of Control over eating (LOCOE) as a function of affective vulnerabilities.
Contribution of Foreign Direct Investment in Nepal
Authors: Kharel Khom Raj , Kharel Suman
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the foreign direct investment status and environment in Nepal. There is significant contribution of foreign investment in economic development of developing countries like Nepal. Foreign investment attraction in a country like Nepal increases the foreign capital and technology transfer. Since 1990s inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) has been increasing in Nepal due to the adoption of liberal economic policy by the government of Nepal. The Foreign Investment Technology Transfer Act (FITTA) has made better foreign investment environment in Nepal. This paper examines and analyses the contribution of FDI in Nepal. For the analysis, simple linear regression model has been applied to measure the impact of FDI on GDP and employment. Because FDI inflow has been recorded after 1990s, the impact of FDI has been analyzed in this paper over the period of 1990/91-2018/19. This study finds a positive impact of FDI on GDP and other macro variables.
Two Unique Case Studies Performed With Photoemission Microscopy (PEM)
Authors: Shade G.F.
Published: December 2020

Two cases are presented where photoemission microscopy (PEM) quickly reduced the analysis time by providing qualitative evidence of the suspected failure mechanisms. In both cases, the failures were delaying product shipments and the PEM technique was a "last hope" approach where other proposals were either not successful, or were not available to the analysts. In case one, package residue caused a leakage path that was located and confirmed by PEM. The second case required the use of PEM to observe uniformity of current flow within a polysilicon region. This second analysis provided absolute evidence that the current flow was nonuniform which supported the suspected failure mechanism. It is believed that this is the first reported observation of these two emission mechanisms during a failure analysis.
Grains Observation Using FIB Anisotropic Etch Followed by AFM Imaging
Authors: Yamashita H. , Hata Y.
Published: December 2020

It is becoming more important to observe structures and failed sites in LSIs. An atomic force microscope (AFM) can obtain atomic scale topographic images on sample surfaces. To analyze failures in LSIs, several treatments for the AFM observation, such as wet etching and mechanical polishing for a crosssectional imaging, have been proposed so far. A good correlation of AFM images using FIB anisotropic etch with those acquired by conventional technique such as SIM and TEM has been demonstrated A crystallographic information about Al thin film is obtained by AFM using this technique.
Burn-in Failure Analysis of 0.5μm 1MB SRAM: Barrier Glue Layer Cracks and Tungsten Plug “Worm Holes”
Authors: Widener E. , Tatti S. , Schani P. , Crown S. , Dunnigan B. , Moss J. , Chan C.M. , Hamid N.H. , Soon F.Y. , Fitch J. , Deeters E.
Published: December 2020

A new 0.5 um 1 Megabit SRAM which employed a double metal, triple poly CMOS process with Tungsten plug metal to poly /silicon contacts was introduced. During burn-in of this product, high currents, apparently due to electrical overstress, were experienced. Electrical analysis showed abnormal supply current characteristics at high voltages. Failure analysis identified the sites of the high currents of the bum-in rejects and discovered cracks in the glue layer prior to Tungsten deposition as the root cause of the failure. The glue layer cracks allowed a reaction with the poly/silicon, causing opens at the bottom of contacts. These floating nodes caused high currents and often latch-up during burn-in. Designed experiments in the wafer fab identified an improved glue layer process, which has been implemented. The new process shows improvement in burn in performance as well as outgoing product quality.
Signature Analysis: Statistical Models and Their Application to FA
Authors: Lakshminarayan C.K. , Pabbisetty S. , Adams O. , Pires F. , Thomas M. , Han C.-P.
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with the basic concepts of Signature Analysis and the application of statistical models for its implementation. It develops a scheme for computing sample sizes when the failures are random. It also introduces statistical models that comprehend correlations among failures that fail due to the same failure mechanism. The idea of correlation is important because semiconductor chips are processed in batches. Also any risk assessment model should comprehend correlations over time. The statistical models developed will provide the required sample sizes for the Failure Analysis lab to state "We are A% confident that B% of future parts will fail due to the same signature." The paper provides tables and graphs for the evaluation of such a risk assessment. The implementation of Signature Analysis will achieve the dual objective of improved customer satisfaction and reduced cycle time. This paper will also highlight it's applicability as well as the essential elements that need to be in place for it to be effective. Different examples have been illustrated of how the concept is being used by Failure Analysis Operations (FA) and Customer Quality and Reliability Engineering groups.
A Case Study of Post De-tape Cleans on Mold Compound Adhesion
Authors: Saxon D. , Sims R.
Published: December 2020

Good adhesion of mold compounds to the die surfaces of plastic encapsulated integrated circuits is an important quality and reliability issue. A comparison was made of mold compound adhesion to the die surface under two new wafer cleaning methods after backgrind detape processes. The normal cleaning procedure was compared to a solvent-based clean and a water-based clean. Split lots were inspected using acoustic micro imaging (AMI) to measure the amount of delamination. Reliability studies were used to characterize the long term effect of the mold compound/die surface delamination.
Macro and Micro Thermal Model of an Elevated Temperature Dielectric Breakdown in Printed Circuit Boards
Authors: Stutzman R. , Sathe S. , Sammakia B.
Published: December 2020

A computational macro and micro thermal model of a printed circuit board dielectric breakdown due to local and global heating of the laminate material is presented in this paper. On a macro level, under certain conditions, the circuit board temperature can approach the glass transition temperature (Tg) due to electronic surface mounted components dissipating heat to the board surface. Under these conditions interfacial micro cracks or dielectric inhomogeneities can be aggravated to an extent where localized voltage breakdown can occur across copper planes within the board. The micro thermal modeling results demonstrate that even under relatively high defect resistance levels the localized temperature at the defect site can greatly exceed the Tg of the dielectric material resulting in carbonization and eventually catastrophic failure. A temperature profile at the defect site clearly shows the spike in the local temperature due to the low thermal conductivity properties of the dielectric material and the localized high current density. The thermal modeling was performed using Flotherm (trademark of Flomerics Limited) code.
Mechanism Study of Contact Corrosion in Unpatterned Metal Wafer
Authors: Chang C.-H. , Huang Y.-S. , Chang H.-W.
Published: December 2020

A new type metal corrosion, which occurred at contact hole of unpatterned metal wafer, is presented. This type of corrosion is strongly related to wafer queue time from metal sputtering to metal etching, it is thought to be due to chain reaction of chlorine from environmental results., fluorine from wafer edge and moisture desorbed by undermetal dielectric (ILD). Moreover, all corrosion sites accompany with poor metal stepcoverage that is caused by either large seams in W plug or rough ILD surface. Experimental results are presented which show the influence of water desorbed by different ILD materials, capability of water barrier with different barrier metal materials and post W etchback (WEB) thermal treatment on corrosion resistance. Mechanism are proposed to explain the formation of corrosion on unpatterned metal.
Experimental Figures for the Defect Coverage of IDDQ Vectors
Authors: Clemminck I. , Swerts U. , Darquennes M. , van Sas J. , Vanhaeverbeke S.
Published: December 2020

In IDDQ testing of CMOS ASICs (as in conventional voltage based testing) actual defect coverage, rather than modeled fault coverage figures are relevant to achieving product Q&R targets. This paper reports experimental data on the defect coverage of IDDQ vectors taken from several ASICs from different semiconductor suppliers. We present our generic IDDQ methodology that has been run on these ASICs, including automated IDDQ vector generation/grading and the high speed IDDQ monitor OCIMU. Data are presented on absolute IDDO defect coverage, as estimated from correlation with voltage based tests, on the relative defect coverage of pseudo-stuck-at and the toggle fault models, on the defect coverage of reduced IDDQ sets and on the pattern sensitivity Of IDDQ rejects. It is demonstrated that the pictures shown by modeled fault coverage and actual defect coverage can differ significantly and therefore, theoretical fault coverage figures are not the correct data to assure Q&R targets. We have measured very good IDDQ defect coverage on random logic, but we also show real life cases where IDDQ testing alone is inefficient in screening Q&R hazards.
Scanning Fluorescent Microthermal Imaging
Authors: Barton D. L. , Tangyunyong P.
Published: December 2020

We have developed scanning fluorescent microthermal imaging (SFMI), a new failure analysis technique. The fluorescent microthermal imaging (FMI) technique has been used for over a decade in its original form [1-2]. FMI normally relies on the use of a cooled, slow-scan CCD camera and a flood beam fluorescence pump source, usually an ultraviolet arc lamp. Interest in FMI has grown greatly over the past few years [3-9] due largely to its unique combination of high spatial and thermal resolution. In this paper, we demonstrate that the existing infrastructure found on a scanning laser microscope (SLM) is capable of acquiring the necessary images for SFMI using its scanned laser source and a point detector. The implications ofthis work are significant in that now high spatial and thermal resolution images can be made using an SLM without the need of additional, expensive hardware.