bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transport barrier in 5D gyrokinetic flux-driven simulations
Authors: Lo-Cascio G. , Gravier E. , Réveillé T. , Lesur M. , Sarazin Y. , Garbet X. , Vermare L. , Lim K. , Guillevic A. , Grandgirard V.
Published: September 2022

Two ways for producing a transport barrier through strong shear of the E × B poloidal flow have been investigated using GYSELA gyrokinetic simulations in a flux-driven regime. The first one uses an external poloidal momentum (i.e. vorticity) source that locally polarizes the plasma, and the second one enforces a locally steep density profile that also stabilizes the ion temperature gradient (ITG) instability modes linearly. Both cases show a very low local turbulent heat diffusivity coefficient

χ

T

turb

and a slight increase in core pressure when a threshold of

ω

E
×
B

≈

γ

¯

lin

(respectively the E × B shear rate and average linear growth rate of ITG) is reached, validating previous numerical results. This pressure increase and

χ

T

turb

quench are the signs of a transport barrier formation. This behaviour is the result of a reduced turbulence intensity which strongly correlates with the shearing of turbulent structures as evidenced by a reduction of the auto-correlation length of potential fluctuations as well as an intensity reduction of the k

θ
spectrum. Moreover, a small shift towards smaller poloidal wavenumber is observed in the vorticity source region which could be linked to a tilt of the turbulent structures in the poloidal direction.
Risk Assessment of Subsea Power Cables in South Sumatera Province Waters
Authors: Ariany Zulfaidah , Sarwoko  , Santoso Budhi , Rahardjo Winarno D.
Published: September 2022

Risk Assessment to assess the potential risk of subsea power cable diameter 120 mm with a capacity of 70 kVA and a length of about 1.6 km from the Sungai Juaro Palembang city – Sungai Kedukan Banyuasin district in South Sumatra province. A subsea power cable risk assessment case study using Det Norske Veritas-RP-F107 offshore pipeline standard. Potential Hazards risk sinking vessels, risk of dropped anchor, risk of a dragged anchor. The power cable has a length of 2 (two) 1900m lines without connection. This condition applies to 3 (three) acceptable variations of ship speed. Due to the ship’s sinking, the risk is at medium risk and is still in an acceptable area. The risk of the lower cable being dragged by the anchor with the windlass indicates that group A and B vessels are at very low risk, while groups C, D, E, and F are at medium risk. The results of the study and risk assessment of the subsea cable line in the Musi River, Palembang, the power cable must be buried as deep as 2 meters or more. The security of the submarine power cable can still be maintained safely.
The Control of PMSM Motor to Drive Propeller in Ship Propulsion System
Authors: Jami’in M.A. , Rahmat M.B. , Nugroho P.P.A. , Santoso M. , Julianto E.
Published: September 2022

Electric propulsion has advantages such as high maneuverability, good safety and reliability, being able to operate optimally with a control system. It is a future green technology which is environmentally friendly. The application of electric propulsion for ship is that the propeller is driven by using electric motor by regulating speed and/or torque. in this research, an permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is used to drive propeller of ship propulsion. The controller of proportional integral (PI) scheme is proposed to drive electric motor. The method of Ziegler Nichols stability margin tuning rule algorithm is performed to search the controller parameters. The optimal working point of propeller is determined by the cross intersection between the propeller loading curve to the coefficient of thrust curve of open water test propeller. The speed from the result of propeller working point analysis is set as control input reference. Based on the results of simulation, the proposed control of electric propulsion using PMSM motor is able to achieve the reference of speed.
Risk Assessment of Delay for CEMS and WHRU Installation Project on Plant Shutdown at Central Processing Gas Gundih
Authors: Sanjaya Ivan Ali , Artana Ketut Buda , Dinariyana AAB
Published: September 2022

This paper addresses a risk assessment of delay for installation of Continuous Emission Monitoring System and Waste Heat Recovery Unit as an effort to fulfil compliance with the Regulation of the State Minister of the Environment Number 13 of 2009 concerning Quality Standards for Emissions from Immovable Sources for Oil and Gas Businesses and Activities. The installation of the unit consists of three steps, pre-shutdown, window shutdown and post shutdown. In accordance with Gas Sale Agreement, that the entire period of normal maintenance work that causes gas to not flow, should not be more than 15 (fifteen) days every year. The planning and implementation of maintenance is very important by utilizing the condition of the window shutdown to avoid material and non-material losses. Reviewing the vulnerability of this project, it is necessary to conduct research that assesses the level of risk of project delays using the ISO 31000:2018 risk management concept approach, through identification of risk variables from several literature studies, risk analysis through Group Discussion Forums, and risk management efforts to reduce risk of delays in the installation project. From the risk identification, 30 risk variables that affect project delays consist of 2 High categories, 3 Medium to High categories, 15 Medium categories, 6 Low to Medium categories and 4 Low categories. The Risk Treatment carried out in the high and Medium to high categories resulted in 9 mandatory RCOs to reduce delays and 1 RCO to speed up the implementation schedule from 19 days to 13 days and earn a profit of $615,000 because the process of selling gas to consumers can be accelerated by 2 days.
The Adaptive Engineering Asset Management Framework for Sustainable Gas Terminal Infrastructures
Authors: Turbaningsih Oktaviani , Mutaharah Ulfa
Published: September 2022

The global initiative for decarbonisation keeps growing at a different rate for each country. The global decarbonisation rate, which presents the carbon intensity reduction or energy-related CO2 emissions per dollar GDP, reached 2.5% in 2020. Indonesia recorded contributing as the second-highest rate of emissions reduction in the global decarbonisation rate during 2019-2020 with a total of 10.6% less carbon intensity. Solid infrastructure asset management shall significantly improve to support the further decarbonisation movement. As one of the cleanest carbon energy, LNG could be the fastest solution to keeping the initiative. Unfortunately, it has a drawback: methane produces higher Green House gases (GHG) than CO2. Furthermore, LNG acts as a transition fuel while the global industry prepares for renewable energy resources. The authors propose Adaptive Port Planning (APP) and Engineering Asset Management (EAM) framework for managing the existing LNG infrastructure terminal assets in this study. The EAM combines a multidisciplinary approach to provide a framework for effectively managing all engineered physical assets within the organisation. In contrast, the APP will give the idea to count the uncertainty in infrastructure demand, allowing flexibility in planning. The author overviews the conversion or transition pathway for existing terminal gas infrastructure to support future renewable energy resources such as hydrogen and ammonia. The Adaptive EAM will guide the sustainable business mindset and provide cost-effective decarbonising solutions.
Virtual private network (VPN) model for AIS real time monitoring
Authors: Maulidi A , Abdullah M , Handani DW
Published: September 2022

The need for a ship monitoring system based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) has been developed and provides many broad benefits for the maritime world in Indonesia. The system can become an early warning system (EWS) for ship operators, port operators, and even ship owners for tracking a movement of their ships. By internet connection based Virtual Private Network (VPN) can connect several remote base stations (RBS), VPN technology can integrate many RBS from several remote places into one AIS monitoring system. VPN-based internet connection is used to guarantee a secure network, private internet connection, and can access a network remotely. VPN technology encrypts data exchange even before data transmission reaches the public network. Connecting to the internet using a VPN connection is like accessing the internet using a special tunnel, not in the main internet network. Thus the use of a VPN-based internet connection in the AIS monitoring system can ensure the security of data transmission from RBS to the AIS monitoring server.
Development of the Hub and Spoke network model in natural disaster management
Authors: Rasyid E , Artana K B , Sambodho K
Published: September 2022

Indonesia is a country with high disaster vulnerability. Disasters have a huge impact on a nation’s economic development. According to the National Agency for Disaster Management, a disaster is an event or a series of events that threatens and disrupts the lives and livelihoods of people, caused by either natural factors and/or non-natural factors, as well as human factors and resulting in human casualties to lead. Environmental damage, property damage and psychological impact. This study is limited to hazards caused by natural factors, including nine types of threats, namely: earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides, floods, flash floods, drought, forest and land fires, and extreme waves and abrasion. As an archipelago country, Indonesia has challenges in disaster management. Another thing behind this study is that there is a discrepancy between disaster maps and the location (distribution) of ships that have the potential to be deployed in disaster management, which will affect the duration of the emergency response time and the high cost of disaster management. What’s more, there are conditions in which ships cannot perform certain coping functions, affecting the inability to effectively treat disaster victims, potentially increasing fatalities. Not all ships are suitable for disaster response operations in specific areas, resulting in the emergency response time being too long and the cost of disaster response being high. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the existing ship distribution state that can be used in disaster management versus the existing disaster map. The research method used is to collect data and identify potential disasters in Indonesia. Then collect data and map the type and number of ships and the distribution of ship bases that can be used in disaster management. Using qualitative analysis, assess the discrepancy between vessel availability and distribution and the potential location and nature of the disaster in Indonesia. The expected result is that there is a match between the availability and distribution of vessels and the potential of the location and nature of the disaster in Indonesia.
Structural Reliability Analysis for the Construction Design of the High-Speed Ship with CFRP Material
Authors: Hafiz M A , Sulisetyono A
Published: September 2022

A high-speed ship mostly experiences the excessive motions in seaway that influence wave loads act to ship’s hull extremely. For this reason, the structure of a high-speed ship must be designed more strength than a low-speed vessel. In this paper, the construction design of the high-speed ship with material of CFRP are evaluated consider to the vertical bending moment under various wave excitation conditions. The eight design variations of the midship section are proposed to be evaluated against the uncertainty load stress due to the vertical motions of ship in random wave. The diffraction theory is adopted to solve the random wave loads due to various wave condition of heading angles, heights, and periods in which the maximum vertical bending moments of the rigid ship are obtained. Structural reliability analysis is applied for assessing structural safety and reliability of the ship’s structure. The structural strength of the construction design which are required for the reliability analysis have been developed based on permissible stress of BKI regulations. Safety levels associated with each mode of failure of all construction designs are determined and compared. Finally, the construction design is selected with the safety index 1.07.
Monohull or Twin hull Shape Selection Based on the Performance of Hull Planning on Fixed Displacements
Authors: Wahidin Aang , Setiawan Bambang Teguh , Ardi Nugroho Priyambodo Nur
Published: September 2022

The selection of the hull shape below the waterline becomes very important to improve performance and minimize emission during the design stage of the fast boat hull. To understand the performance comparison between the monohull and twin-hull of the same length and width, an analysis was carried out on an 8 m fiberglass ship with Maxsurf. Performance analysis was carried out with Hydromax for hydrostatic performance and ship stability and Hullspeed to analyze the performance of ship resistance and power. Hydrostatic Wetted Surface Area and transverse metacenter radius for the monohull were 13.883 m2 and 1.486 m, while a catamaran shows 12% to 24% higher WSA and 2% to 3% higher BMt compared to a monohull. The resistance and power of the ship at 40 knots for monohull were 24267.07 N and 1116.09 HP. In contrast, the catamaran shows up to 74% increase. Stability arm and radius of gyration show as follow: 0.297 m and 0.631 m for a monohull, while a catamaran shows up to 140% higher max GZ and 222% GMt. The results of this study can be used as a reference for determining the use of a monohull or catamaran hull in the early stages of a fast boat design.
Comparison Analysis of Options to Comply with IMO 2020 Sulphur Cap Regarding Environmental and Economic Aspect
Authors: Wijayanto Danuja , Suasti Antara Gede Bagus Dwi
Published: September 2022

IMO enforce new regulation known as IMO 2020 Sulphur Cap which limits the sulphur content in the fuel oil used onboard ships. This new global sulphur cap is a significant challenge for the shipping industry. The compliance options may be classified into three main options: using alternative fuels, low-sulphur fuel oil, and scrubbers. Each option comes with some advantages and disadvantages which creates a trade-off between the options. Some options may require a higher initial investment in terms of capital expenses, and some are more expensive during operations than others. A comparison analysis will be conducted with respect to the environmental and economic aspects.
Analysis of Systemic Safety Issues in Domestic RoRo Ferry Port Operation Using the Concept of Safety-II
Authors: Nurwahyudy A , Pitana T , Nugroho S
Published: September 2022

Capsize of the Indonesian registered domestic RoRo ferry Yunicee in 2021 has brought public attention. The case was considered a repetition of the previous accident and presents drawbacks of ferry transport service. In the aspect of overall transport safety, a port is considered as part of safety defense at an early stage. Failure in risk mitigation could bring the ferry operation to a higher risk of an accident. Investigation into the case found a cluster of issues in some port functions was continuously neglected following several non-technical reasons since no sufficient approach has been made to present it. This paper adopts the concept of Safety-II to draw a detailed view of the coupling of port operation’s functions and viewing its performance to support safe ferry operation. Categorization of functions developed from the organizational breakdown from the perspective of governance as described in the current port operation regulation as well as typical port operation. Relevant investigation reports are used to present potential functions which could be considered the risk agents. Hence, the function interconnectivity model would provide the complexity of port operation but presents a clear view of which function should be highlighted for improvement in supporting vessels’ safe operation.
Application of Hybrid Power Generation System on a Tanker Ship to Support the Development of Eco Ship Technology
Authors: Koenhardono ES , Putri DP , Kusuma IR
Published: September 2022

The equator divides Indonesia into two parts, the areas located in North Latitude and South Latitude. This results in Indonesia having an abundant source of solar energy. Therefore, the use of hybrid power generation systems (solar cells and diesel generators) on ships can reduce generator fuel consumption, as well as reduce exhaust emissions from ships. This paper discusses the design of a hybrid power generation system on a tanker technically and economically. The total capacity of the solar panels installed on the ship can generate electrical energy of 885.2 kWh in a day. This electrical energy is used to supply electrical loads consisting of lighting, navigation equipment, radio communication, galley and laundry equipment, and air conditioner and refrigerator. The application of hybrid power plants on tankers can produce fuel consumption savings of 15.5% per year when compared to the use of conventional power generation systems. Meanwhile, the break event points due to the use of a hybrid generating system is less than 4 years or equivalent to the nominal total cost of Rp. 23,980,000,000.00 or $ 1,803,007.52.
Board-certified pharmacy specialties: Growth from 2008 to 2020 and projections to 2025
Authors: Ignoffo Robert J , Knapp Katherine , Ellis William
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To track and analyze the growth of 12 Board of Pharmacy Specialties (BPS) specialties from 2008 to 2020 and, subject to criteria, to project specialty numbers through 2025. The analysis considered residency data and Bureau of Labor Statistics projections.

Methods

BPS data were used to determine numeric growth, growth rates, and trends for 12 BPS specialties from 2008 to 2020. Specialties begun after 2008 were analyzed from their start date. For specialties with more than 2 data points and coefficients of determination greater than 0.80, we calculated projections through 2025. We also estimated the percentage of BPS-certified pharmacists with postgraduate year 1 training.

Results

BPS-certified pharmacists grew in number from 3,004 (2008) to 41,802 (2020), an over 13-fold increase. Currently, 4 of the 5 largest specialties (pharmacotherapy, ambulatory care, oncology, and critical care) continue to grow at a fast rate. Pharmacotherapy experienced the largest numeric growth (20,624) despite the ongoing introduction of new specialties. Critical care and infectious diseases had the highest growth rates (both 32%). We were able to make projections for 10 of 12 specialties, with greater than 62,000 certifications projected by 2025. Growth to these projected levels will require more residencies and more certification preparation opportunities. Residency-trained BPS specialists currently constitute slightly less than 50% of the BPS-certified population.

Conclusion

Specialization in the pharmacy profession is growing at a rapid pace. As more clinical privileges are approved, the demand for more specialized pharmacists will likely continue to increase. Data from this study document the growth of the pharmacy specialty workforce. The data and analysis can be used to estimate potential pharmacist contributions across the healthcare spectrum in clinical areas where BPS-certified pharmacists practice.
The effects of maternal anti-alpha-enolase antibody expression on the brain development in offspring
Authors: Sun Wei , Feng Yan , Li Hui , He Xiaoqing , Lu Yihan , Shan Zhongyan , Teng Weiping , Li Jing
Published: September 2022

Anti-alpha-enolase autoantibodies have not only been found to play an important role in autoimmune diseases but also cause neurological damage in adults. In this study, a pregnant mouse model with high serum alpha-enolase (ENO1)-specific antibody (ENO1Ab) was established by immunization with ENO1 protein to explore the effects of maternal circulatory ENO1Ab on the brain development in offspring. The pups showed impaired learning and memory abilities with obviously thinner tight junctions in the brain tissue. IgG deposits colocalized with both ENO1 protein and complement 3 (C3), and the membrane attack complex was obviously detectable in the brain tissues of pups from dams with high serum ENO1Ab expression. Our findings suggest that highly expressed ENO1Ab in the maternal circulation can pass through the blood-placenta-barrier and the compromised blood-brain barrier into the brain tissues of offspring and may cause neurological development impairment mainly through complement-dependent cytotoxicity.
Cardiomegaly secondary to patent ductus arteriosus causing extrinsic compression of left pulmonary vein
Authors: Bagaria Vivek , N.S. Sujith , Hiremath C S , Rao Shekhar
Published: September 2022

Primary pulmonary vein (PV) stenosis is a challenging condition to manage. Recently, extrinsic compression of the PV is being detected has cause of narrowing and subsequent turbulence. This can be managed without direct intervention on the PV, reducing the risk of recurrence. We report a case of extrinsic compression of the PV due to cardiomegaly, relieved after patent ductus arteriosus ligation.
Left ventricular rehabilitation in an infant with transposition of the great arteries, intact ventricular septum, pulmonary stenosis and small left ventricle
Authors: Seo Dong Man , Cho Hyun-Hae , Shin Hong Ju , Yang Hyun Suk
Published: September 2022

We report the case of successful biventricular repair after left ventricular rehabilitation in an infant with transposition of the great arteries with an intact ventricular septum, pulmonary stenosis, a large atrial septal defect and a borderline small left ventricle (mitral annulus z-score: −3.6). This baby presented to us at 2 months of age after having a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt at another hospital. We restricted the atrial septal defect with the child on cardiopulmonary bypass. Ten weeks later, the mitral annulus z-score increased to −1.5, and the transpulmonary peak pressure gradient increased to 87 mmHg. Subsequently, we performed the aortic root translocation. The patient is currently an active 4-year-old boy.
Point-of-care examinations using handheld ultrasound devices performed by intensive care nurses in a cardiac intensive care unit
Authors: Laastad Sørensen Marianne , Oterhals Kjersti , Pönitz Volker , Morken Ingvild M
Published: September 2022

Aims

Having nurses to perform point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) when physically examining patients to assess for early signs of decompensation and fluid overload has been proven to be feasible, provide extra information, and improve quality of care. To date, few studies have analyzed whether it is feasible for intensive care nurses to perform POCUS on critically ill patients. This study aimed to evaluate whether the findings of briefly trained intensive care nurses’ ultrasound examinations agreed with conventional examinations performed by physicians.

Methods and results

This comparative cross-sectional inter-rater agreement study comprised 50 patients admitted to a cardiac intensive care unit (CICU), with signs and symptoms of acute dyspnoea and suspected cardiac disease. After a brief training session, the study nurses performed standardized examinations of each patient’s inferior vena cava (IVC) and the pleural and pericardial cavities using a handheld ultrasound device. A blinded physician repeated the same examinations using conventional ultrasound. Analysis using Gwet’s agreement coefficient with quadratic weights showed moderate agreement for the IVC respiration variation [0.60; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.38–0.82], and substantial agreement for the IVC diameter (0.70; 95% CI: 0.50–0.90) and right-sided pleural effusion (0.70; 95% CI: 0.52–0.88). For left-sided pleural effusion (0.85; 95% CI: 0.75–0.95) and pericardial effusion (0.95; 95% CI: 0.90–1.01), the agreement was almost perfect.

Conclusions

Briefly trained intensive care nurses in a CICU can perform POCUS examinations of the IVC and pleural and pericardial cavities with moderate to almost perfect agreement with identical examinations performed by physicians.
Adult Children’s Education and Mothers’ Psychological Well-Being: Do Adult Children’s Problems Mediate This Relationship?
Authors: Frase Robert T , Bauldry Shawn , Suitor J Jill , Gilligan Megan , Ogle Destiny
Published: September 2022

Objectives

A growing body of literature documents a positive association between adult children’s education and older parents’ health, and existing studies have identified social support, social influence, and material transfers as factors linking adult children’s education and various dimensions of older parents’ health. The present study joins this literature by assessing adult children’s problems as mechanisms that may underlie disparities in psychological well-being between mothers whose adult children have completed higher and lower levels of education.

Methods

Using 2 waves of longitudinal data collected in 2001–2003 and 2008–2011 from 400 mothers aged 73–85 years at the second wave as part of the Within-Family Differences Study, we examine the role of adult children’s problems in mediating the association between adult children’s education and mothers’ depressive symptoms.

Results

Mothers with children who completed post-high school education reported fewer depressive symptoms than mothers whose children all completed high school or less. We found evidence that this relationship was mediated by the proportion of adult children who have experienced physical and emotional problems in the last 5 years.

Discussion

This study underscores the importance of considering how resources and risks that affect well-being accumulate both across the life course and across generations. Providing education opportunities to younger generations and enhancing programs that address challenges that low-attaining children may face have the potential to help minimize socioeconomic disparities in psychological well-being among older adults.
Oncologic outcomes of segmentectomy for stage IA radiological solid-predominant lung cancer >2 cm in maximum tumour size
Authors: Hattori Aritoshi , Matsunaga Takeshi , Fukui Mariko , Takamochi Kazuya , Oh Shiaki , Suzuki Kenji
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVES

We aimed to compare the outcomes of segmentectomy with those of lobectomy in clinical-stage IA radiological solid-predominant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) >2 cm in maximum tumour size.

METHODS

A retrospective review was performed for radiological solid-predominant NSCLC >2–3 cm in maximum tumour size with a ground-glass opacity component on thin-section computed tomography. Multivariable or propensity score-matched analyses were performed to control for confounders for survival. Overall survival (OS) was analysed using a Kaplan–Meier estimation.

RESULTS

Of the 215 eligible cases, segmentectomy and lobectomy were performed in 46 and 169 patients. Multivariable analysis revealed that standardized uptake value (hazard ratio: 1.148, 95% confidence interval: 1.032–1.276, P = 0.011) was an independently significant prognosticators of OS, while the operative mode was not associated (hazard ratio: 0.635, 95% confidence interval: 0.132–3.049, P = 0.570). The 5 y-OS was excellent and did not differ significantly between segmentectomy and lobectomy (95.5% vs 90.2%; P = 0.697), which was also shown in the propensity score analysis (96.8% vs 94.0%; P = 0.406), with a median follow-up time of 5.2 years. Locoregional recurrence was found in 2 (4.3%) segmentectomy and 13 (7.7%) lobectomy (P = 0.443). In the subgroup analysis stratified by solid component size, the 5 y-OS was similar between segmentectomy and lobectomy in the c-T1b and c-T1c groups, respectively [c-T1b (n = 163): 94.1% vs 91.8%; P = 0.887 and c-T1c (n = 52): 100% vs 84.9%; P = 0.197].

CONCLUSIONS

Segmentectomy showed similar oncological results compared to lobectomy in solid-predominant NSCLC with a ground-glass opacity component >2–3 cm in maximum tumour size. More prospective randomized trials are needed to adequately expand the indication of anatomic segmentectomy for early-stage NSCLC.
mtDNA heteroplasmy gives rise to a new maternal lineage in North Pacific humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)
Authors: Pierszalowski Sophie P , Steel Debbie J , Gabriele Christine M , Neilson Janet L , Vanselow Phoebe B S , Cedarleaf Jennifer A , Straley Janice M , Baker C Scott
Published: September 2022

Heteroplasmy in the mitochondrial genome offers a rare opportunity to track the evolution of a newly arising maternal lineage in populations of non-model species. Here, we identified a previously unreported mitochondrial DNA haplotype while assembling an integrated database of DNA profiles and photo-identification records from humpback whales in southeastern Alaska (SEAK). The haplotype, referred to as A8, was shared by only 2 individuals, a mature female with her female calf, and differed by only a single base pair from a common haplotype in the North Pacific, referred to as A−. To investigate the origins of the A8 haplotype, we reviewed n = 1,089 electropherograms (including replicate samples) of n = 710 individuals with A− haplotypes from an existing collection. From this review, we found 20 individuals with clear evidence of heteroplasmy for A−/A8 (parental/derived) haplotypes. Of these, 15 were encountered in SEAK, 4 were encountered on the Hawaiian breeding ground (the primary migratory destination for whales in SEAK), and 1 was encountered in the northern Gulf of Alaska. We used genotype exclusion and likelihood to identify one of the heteroplasmic females as the likely mother of the A8 cow and grandmother of the A8 calf, establishing the inheritance and germ-line fixation of the new haplotype from the parental heteroplasmy. The mutation leading to this heteroplasmy and the fixation of the A8 haplotype provide an opportunity to document the population dynamics and regional fidelity of a newly arising maternal lineage in a population recovering from exploitation.
SN 2020wnt: a slow-evolving carbon-rich superluminous supernova with no O ii lines and a bumpy light curve
Authors: Gutiérrez C P , Pastorello A , Bersten M , Benetti S , Orellana M , Fiore A , Karamehmetoglu E , Kravtsov T , Reguitti A , Reynolds T M , Valerin G , Mazzali P , Sullivan M , Cai Y-Z , Elias-Rosa N , Fraser M , Hsiao E Y , Kankare E , Kotak R , Kuncarayakti H , Li Z , Mattila S , Mo J , Moran S , Ochner P , Shahbandeh M , Tomasella L , Wang X , Yan S , Zhang J , Zhang T , Stritzinger M D
Published: September 2022

We present the analysis of SN 2020wnt, an unusual hydrogen-poor superluminous supernova (SLSN-I), at a redshift of 0.032. The light curves of SN 2020wnt are characterized by an early bump lasting ∼5 d, followed by a bright main peak. The SN reaches a peak absolute magnitude of M$_{r}^{\rm max}=-20.52\pm 0.03$ mag at ∼77.5 d from explosion. This magnitude is at the lower end of the luminosity distribution of SLSNe-I, but the rise-time is one of the longest reported to date. Unlike other SLSNe-I, the spectra of SN 2020wnt do not show O ii, but strong lines of C ii and Si ii are detected. Spectroscopically, SN 2020wnt resembles the Type Ic SN 2007gr, but its evolution is significantly slower. Comparing the bolometric light curve to hydrodynamical models, we find that SN 2020wnt luminosity can be explained by radioactive powering. The progenitor of SN 2020wnt is likely a massive and extended star with a pre-SN mass of 80 M⊙ and a pre-SN radius of 15 R⊙ that experiences a very energetic explosion of 45 × 1051 erg, producing 4 M⊙ of 56Ni. In this framework, the first peak results from a post-shock cooling phase for an extended progenitor, and the luminous main peak is due to a large nickel production. These characteristics are compatible with the pair-instability SN scenario. We note, however, that a significant contribution of interaction with circumstellar material cannot be ruled out.
Ursolic acid-piperazine-dithiocarbamate ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes induced necroptosis in MGC-803 cells
Authors: Jiang Hong , Wei Jian-Hua , Lin Cui-Yan , Liang Gui-Bin , He Rui-Jie , Huang Ri-Zhen , Ma Xian-Li , Huang Guo-Bao , Zhang Ye
Published: September 2022

Three ursolic acid-piperazine-dithiocarbamate ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes Ru1–Ru3 were designed and synthesized for evaluating antitumor activity. All the complexes exhibited high in vitro cytotoxicity against MGC-803, T24, HepG2, CNE2, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, A549, and A549/DDP cell lines. Ru1, Ru2, and Ru3 were 11, 8 and 10 times, respectively, more active than cisplatin against A549/DDP. An in vivo study on MGC-803 xenograft mouse models demonstrated that representative Ru2 exhibited an effective inhibitory effect on tumor growth, showing stronger antitumor activity than cisplatin. Biological investigations suggested that Ru2 entered MGC-803 cells by a clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway, initially localizing in the lysosomes and subsequently escaping and localizing in the mitochondria. Mitochondrial swelling resulted in vacuolization, which induced vacuolation-associated cell death and necroptosis with the formation of necrosomes (RIP1–RIP3) and the uptake of propidium iodide. These results demonstrate that the potential of Ru2 as a chemotherapeutic agent to kill cancer cells via a dual mechanism represents an alternative way to eradicate apoptosis-resistant forms of cancer.
MTM1 displays a new function in the regulation of nickel resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Xu Naifeng , Xu Yuan , Smith Nathan , Chen Huizhu , Guo Ziguo , Lee Jaekwon , Wu Xiaobin
Published: September 2022

Nickel (Ni) is an essential yet toxic trace element. Although a cofactor for many metalloenzymes, nickel function and metabolism is not fully explored in eukaryotes. Molecular biology and metallomic methods were utilized to explore the new physiological functions of nickel in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we showed that MTM1 knockout cells displayed much stronger nickel tolerance than wild-type cells and mitochondrial accumulations of Ni and Fe of mtm1Δ cells dramatically decreased compared to wild-type cells when exposed to excess nickel. Superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2p) activity in mtm1Δ cells was severely attenuated and restored through Ni supplementation in media or total protein. SOD2 mRNA level of mtm1Δ cells was significantly higher than that in the wild-type strain but was decreased by Ni supplementation. MTM1 knockout afforded resistance to excess nickel mediated through reactive oxygen species levels. Meanwhile, additional Ni showed no significant effect on the localization of Mtm1p. Our study reveals the MTM1 gene plays an important role in nickel homeostasis and identifies a novel function of nickel in promoting Sod2p activity in yeast cells.
The chromatin accessibility landscape of pistils and anthers in rice
Authors: Wang Guanqun , Li Xiaozheng , Shen Wei , Li Man-Wah , Huang Mingkun , Zhang Jianhua , Li Haoxuan
Published: September 2022

Transcription activation is tightly associated with the openness of chromatin and allows direct contact between transcriptional regulators and their targeted DNA for gene expression. However, there are limited studies on the annotation of open chromatin regions (OCRs) in rice (Oryza sativa), especially those in reproductive organs. Here, we characterized OCRs in rice pistils and anthers with an assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing. Despite a large overlap, we found more OCRs in pistils than in anthers. These OCRs were enriched in gene transcription start sites (TSSs) and showed tight associations with gene expression. Transcription factor (TF) binding motifs were enriched at these OCRs as validated by TF chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing. Pistil-specific OCRs provided potential regulatory networks by binding directly to the targets, indicating that pistil-specific OCRs may be indicators of cis-regulatory elements in regulating pistil development, which are absent in anthers. We also found that open chromatin of pistils and anthers responded differently to low temperature (LT). These data offer a comprehensive overview of OCRs regulating reproductive organ development and LT responses in rice.
Arabidopsis plastid carbonic anhydrase βCA5 is important for normal plant growth
Authors: Weerasooriya Hiruni N , DiMario Robert J , Rosati Viviana C , Rai Ashwani K , LaPlace Lillian M , Filloon Victoria D , Longstreth David J , Moroney James V
Published: September 2022

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are zinc-metalloenzymes that catalyze the interconversion of CO2 and HCO3−. In heterotrophic organisms, CAs provide HCO3− for metabolic pathways requiring a carboxylation step. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has 14 α- and β-type CAs, two of which are plastid CAs designated as βCA1 and βCA5. To study their physiological properties, we obtained knock-out (KO) lines for βCA1 (SALK_106570) and βCA5 (SALK_121932). These mutant lines were confirmed by genomic PCR, RT-PCR, and immunoblotting. While βca1 KO plants grew normally, growth of βca5 KO plants was stunted under ambient CO2 conditions of 400 µL L−1; high CO2 conditions (30,000 µL L−1) partially rescued their growth. These results were surprising, as βCA1 is more abundant than βCA5 in leaves. However, tissue expression patterns of these genes indicated that βCA1 is expressed only in shoot tissue, while βCA5 is expressed throughout the plant. We hypothesize that βCA5 compensates for loss of βCA1 but, owing to its expression being limited to leaves, βCA1 cannot compensate for loss of βCA5. We also demonstrate that βCA5 supplies HCO3− required for anaplerotic pathways that take place in plastids, such as fatty acid biosynthesis.
Differential requirement of TIR enzymatic activities in TIR-type immune receptor SNC1-mediated immunity
Authors: Tian Lei , Lu Junxing , Li Xin
Published: September 2022

Arabidopsis thaliana TIR-type immune receptor SNC1 (Suppressor of npr1-1, constitutive 1) requires NADase, but not the 2′,3′-cAMP/cGMP synthetase activity to trigger in planta immune responses.
Wolbachia wAlbB remains stable in Aedes aegypti over 15 years but exhibits genetic background-dependent variation in virus blocking
Authors: Liang Xiao , Tan Cheong Huat , Sun Qiang , Zhang Meichun , Wong Pei Sze Jeslyn , Li Meizhi Irene , Mak Keng Wai , Martín-Park Abdiel , Contreras-Perera Yamili , Puerta-Guardo Henry , Manrique-Saide Pablo , Ng Lee Ching , Xi Zhiyong
Published: September 2022

The ability of the maternally transmitted endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia to induce cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) and virus blocking makes it a promising weapon for combatting mosquito-borne diseases through either suppression or replacement of wild-type populations. Recent field trials show that both approaches significantly reduce the incidence of dengue fever in humans. However, new questions emerge about how Wolbachia-mosquito associations will co-evolve over time and whether Wolbachia-mediated virus blocking will be affected by the genetic diversity of mosquitoes and arboviruses in the real world. Here, we have compared the Wolbachia density and CI expression of two wAlbB-infected Aedes aegypti lines transinfected 15 years apart. We have also assessed wAlbB-mediated virus blocking against dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and Chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses and examined whether host genetic backgrounds modulate viral blocking effects by comparing ZIKV infection in mosquitoes with a Mexican genetic background to those with a Singaporean background. Our results show that over 15 years, wAlbB maintained the capacity to form a stable association with Ae. aegypti in terms of both density and CI expression. There were variations in wAlbB-induced virus blocking against CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV, and higher inhibitory effects on ZIKV in mosquitoes on the Singaporean genetic background than on the Mexican background. These results provide important information concerning the robustness and long-term stability of Wolbachia as a biocontrol agent for arbovirus disease control.
Regionalism against Centralization: Resistance to Federal Education after the Mexican Revolution
Authors: Cabal Manuel
Published: September 2022

Why are states in the developing world able to centralize policy regulation and implementation in some places inside their territory but not in others? I argue that uneven state capacity in periods of centralization is a function of the political resources that regional politicians have to resist the advancement of central institutions. These resources include cohesion against the center and independent popular support. I analyze the expansion of primary education after the Mexican Revolution in four subnational cases representing scenarios of regional resistance to institutional centralization and compare the framework to alternative explanations. The article contributes to evaluating the causes of “state weakness” in developing countries and understanding the politics of institutional choice under federal constitutions.
Refusing and Redressing Gestational Labor: A Social Reproduction Account of Abortion
Authors: Bryson Janna
Published: September 2022

This article analyzes abortion politics from a Marxist feminist perspective by adapting social reproduction theory (SRT). Despite the urgent threats to abortion access facing feminists worldwide, abortion is largely absent from contemporary SRT. This absence is first addressed from a theoretical perspective through the development of three arguments: that SRT can connect abortion to the biological reproduction of labor power via gestational labor, that abortion can make gestational labor less alienating, and that abortion can function as a refusal of productivism and reproductive sexuality. The article then applies these arguments to a preexisting case study of reproductive justice and women in Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program. By situating abortion within migrant workers’ struggles over social reproduction processes, this analysis demonstrates that SRT is useful for the study of abortion and can generate insights different from those of the reproductive justice approach alone.
48-hour Induction of Transdermal Buprenorphine to Sublingual Buprenorphine/Naloxone: The IPPAS Method
Authors: Azar Pouya , Wong James S.H. , Mathew Nickie , Vogel Marc , Perrone Jeanmarie , Herring Andrew A. , Krausz Reinhard M. , Montaner Julio S.G. , Greenwald Mark K. , Maharaj Anil R.
Published: September 2022

Buprenorphine is an effective medication for the treatment of opioid use disorder. However, the traditional method of buprenorphine induction requires a period of abstinence and the development of at least moderate withdrawal, which can be barriers in starting treatment. We present the case of a hospitalized patient with opioid use disorder using unregulated fentanyl, who underwent a transdermal buprenorphine induction over 48 hours to initiate sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone on the third day. The patient experienced minimal levels of withdrawal and did not experience precipitated withdrawal. The ease of use of this novel induction method over previously published induction protocols can greatly improve the accessibility of buprenorphine for patients and healthcare staff.
Single-stage Layered versus Nonlayered Mastopexy with Augmentation in Muscle Splitting Biplane: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Khan Umar D.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Single-stage layered mastopexy with augmentation is a modification of muscle-splitting pocket that reduces risk of complications and revision rate.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of all the consecutive cases, performed by a single surgeon, from March 2007 to August 2019, was conducted. All patients had surgery with superomedial pedicle in an approved facility. The patients were divided into group A whose implants were placed through the mastopexy incision, and group B whose implants were placed first and access closed prior to mastopexy.

Results:

Nonlayered group A included 116 patients and layered group B included 102 patients. Groups A and B had a mean age of 32.3 + 9.70 and 34.8 + 10.39 years (range, 20–66), respectively (P value 0.070). In groups A and B, 95 (81.9%) and 74 (72.5%) patients underwent primary and 21 (18.1%) and 28 (27.5%) patients underwent secondary procedures, respectively (P value 0.099). There were no hematomas in group A and two patients had hematoma in group B (P value 0.218). In group A, one patient experienced periprosthetic infection with none in group B (P value 0.41). Wound breakdown was observed in ten (8.6%) patients in group A and four (3.9%) patients in group B (P value 0.128). In group A, there was a partial or complete nipple loss in two (1.7%) and none in group B (P value 0.412). In group A, 15 (12.9%) underwent revision surgery and six (6.5%) in group B (P value 0.127).

Conclusion:

Layered mastopexy with augmentation provides improved safety, fewer complications and revisions with adequate results.
Dose-response relationship between epidural bupivacaine dose and mortality risk after surgical resection of nonsmall-cell lung cancer
Authors: Wu Hsiang-Ling , Tai Ying-Hsuan , Li Chun-Cheng , Cata Juan P. , Wang Chien-Wun , Chang Kuang-Yi , Tsou Mei-Yung , Lin Shih-Pin
Published: September 2022

Background:

Preclinical studies have shown that local anesthetics may modify the growth and invasion of cancer cells. However, few clinical studies have evaluated their impact on cancer outcomes after tumor resection.

Methods:

In this single-center cohort study, patients who underwent surgical resection of stage IA through IIIB nonsmall-cell lung cancer and used patient-controlled epidural analgesia from 2005 to 2015 were recruited and followed until May 2017. Data of the epidural bupivacaine dose for each patient were obtained from infusion pump machines. Proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the associations between bupivacaine dose with postoperative cancer recurrence and all-cause mortality.

Results:

A total of 464 patients were analyzed. Among these patients, the mean bupivacaine dose was 352 mg (± standard deviation 74 mg). After adjusting for important clinical and pathological covariates, a significant dose-response relationship was observed between epidural bupivacaine dose and all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.008, 95% confidence interval: 1.001–1.016, p = 0.029). The association between bupivacaine dose and cancer recurrence were not significant (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.000, 95% confidence interval: 0.997–1.002, p = 0.771). Age, sex, body mass index, mean daily maximum pain score, and pathological perineural infiltration were independently associated with bupivacaine dose.

Conclusion:

A dose-dependent association was found between epidural bupivacaine dose and long-term mortality among patients following surgical resection of nonsmall-cell lung cancer. Our findings do not support the hypothetical anticancer benefits of local anesthetics. More studies are needed to elucidate the role of local anesthetics in cancer treatment.