bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Modern Digital Technologies in the Design and Technology VET in Ukraine
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Kolosnichenko Maryna V. , Yezhova Olga V. ,   Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Pashkevich Kalina L. ,   Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Kolosnichenko Olena V. ,   Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Ostapenko Nataliia V. ,   Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design
Published: December 2022

The objective of this paper is to substantiate the system of vocational education and training (VET) of fashion designers and technologists to perform computer modeling and design of the clothes. The use of the developed system of training specialists in fashion design, which provides for the use of CAD systems, contributes to the formation of readiness of future fashion designers to use specialized software in their professional activities. To increase the efficiency of VET, we used the following types of learning activities: development of creative collage, development of artistic sketches of clothes, design of templates for different sizes, use of programs for the 3D design of the clothes. A feature of this study is the selection of the software used in the design of the clothes, namely GraziaCAD and JULIVI CAD. The effectiveness of these types of tasks is confirmed by an experiment, in which 80 students from Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design took part (CG 44 students, EG 36 students). Comparing the results of incoming and outgoing control of the level of students’ readiness, a decrease in the number of students with a low level of readiness for the use of ICT in the professional activities was noted: from 22.7 % to 11.4 % in CG and from 22.2 % to 5.6 % in EG. At the same time, the percentage of students with a high level of readiness increased in both groups: from 29.5 % to 38.6 % in CG and from 25.0 % to 66.7 % in EG. Also, it should be noted that the biggest changes in the number of students with a high level of knowledge took place in EG. This, with 95% reliability according to Pearson's criterion, means that the experimental educational program led to a significant increase in the level of readiness for the use of ICT in the EG, in comparison with the CG. This confirms the effectiveness of the proposed educational program. The results of the study confirm the effectiveness of the generally accepted international practice of using the digital design in VET in the field of fashion design and technologies.
Nature of TVET Lecturer Learning During Work Integrated Learning: A South African Perspective
Authors:   Durban University of Technology, Joseph Mesuwini , Nkadimene Thaba- ,   Durban University of Technology, Linda Kgomotlokoa ,   Durban University of Technology
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the study was to explore Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) lecturers learning through Work Integrated Learning (WIL), specifically to establish the nature of their learning and determine how the lecturers understood their learning. However, since the launch of this WIL initiative, what these lecturers learnt, and how they understand their learning has not been researched. This study sought to investigate the nature of learning of these lecturers. The study was conducted in three TVET colleges in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province. Kolb’s experiential learning theory was used to undergird the study. The research was located in the interpretive paradigm, which used a multiple case study design. A qualitative research approach was adopted. Convenience sampling design was usedto select three TVET colleges as well as industries hosting WIL lecturers. Eighteen TVET lecturers were purposively sampled from a population of lecturers in the three TVET colleges. Data were generated using semi-structured face-to-face interviews from lecturers who completed WIL and those who were on WIL during the study. The study used thematic and narrative analysis to analyse data. Findings revealed that lecturers gained practical experiences through teamwork, networking and sharing of experiences and ideas with industry personnel, diagnosis, troubleshooting, and repairing engineering components during WIL. The study recommended capacitating all TVET lecturers with practical industry skills. The findings showed that TVET lecturers did not simply go to an industry site and pick up new experiences from their practice but learnt from others. Recommendations from the study informed the discussions and policy decisions in the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET), Swiss-South African Cooperation Initiative (SSACI) and Sector Education and Training Authority (SETA) on this WIL initiative, and may influence provision of other forms of support necessary for the TVET sector.
The Development of Intelligence Learning Media for Improving Occupational Competence in Thailand Information and Digital Content Competency Level 3
Authors:   Mahasarakham University, Phadet Umnapiang , Kittipol Wisaeng ,   Mahasarakham University
Published: December 2022

Occupational competency is important for preparing the workforce for growing and enhancing Thai economics in Thailand 4.0. In Thailand 4.0, new technologies and digital innovation are implemented in all sectors of daily life; consequently, intelligence learning media is needed to be developed to enhance the occupational competence of the workforce. Therefore, this research aimed (1) to develop the Intelligent Learning Media for improving occupational competence in Thailand Information and Digital Content Competency Level 3 and (2) to study the efficiency of Intelligent Learning Media for improving occupational competence in Thailand Information and Digital Content Competency Level 3. The learning media was developed by a system development life cycle integrated with artificial intelligent algorithms: Decision Tree. The accuracy of decision tree algorithms considered the quality of learning media. The result of this study showed that (1) the Intelligent Learning Media for Improved Occupational Competence in Thailand Information and Digital Content Competency Level 3 comprised four components, including TPQI competency, students’ competency, artificially intelligent algorithms, and learning media that can automatically provide and enhance students with their competency by artificially intelligent algorithms: Decision Tree, and (2) the efficacy of learning media was considered by the 95.23% correctly classified instance by a decision tree. The satisfaction of learning media was =4.38, SD=0.14.
Motivations to Teach: A Significance in Enhancing Hiring Measures of Pre-Service TVET Teachers
Authors:   University of Nigeria, Eze Nicholas , Osondu Stella ,   Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Nwosu Fidelia Ogochukwu ,   University of Nigeria, Anorue Honesta ,   University of Nigeria, Nwadi Calister ,   University of Nigeria, Chilaka Akuchinyere ,   University of Nigeria
Published: December 2022

This study investigated the underlying factors that influence potential TVET teachers' decision to pursue a teaching career in order to recruit more teachers. The motivation of pre-service TVET graduates obtaining a postgraduate diploma in technical education was therefore investigated using the QUAN-QUAL approach to collect quantitative data via a researcher-created, self-administered questionnaire and qualitative data via written essays and narratives using the triangulation mixed method design. Participants were selected from two cohorts (N=78) of students enrolled in the various departments for the Postgraduate Diploma in Technical Education (PGDTE) program of the University of Nigeria. According to the quantitative analysis, excellent role models from previous teachers, the demanding nature of the job role, a willingness to impart relevant knowledge and skills, a willingness to assist financially disadvantaged students in gaining marketable job skills, and the country's presumed demand for TVET teachers were the primary motivators for pre-service teachers. The qualitative analysis found seven (7) themes, three of which were motivational: desire to assist students and community/sharing expertise; personal dream/calling/passion to teach; and the desire to financially aid students who are incapacitated. However, the gender aspect revealed that male and female pre-service TVET teachers showed significant differences in their altruistic and intrinsic impulses. Following that, the two sets of data were compared and investigated. The ramifications of the findings were then examined, as well as their significance in enhancing hiring measures through setting of standards for tech-voc education programs to improve on the status of TVET teachers to attract quality graduates of technical education programs who can teach as TVET teachers before and after completing their programs.
The Challenges for Indonesia to Integrate Dual Vocational Education and Training System
Authors:   National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Wibowo Radna Andi , Myau-Lyau Nyan ,   National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Christy Nisa Novia Avien ,   National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, - Albert ,   Universitas Semarang
Published: December 2022

The quality of Indonesian graduates from Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) programs is low and does not fulfil industry requirements and competencies. This is occurring since the talents or skills required by the sector differ from those accessible on the demand Hence, developing nations require practical VET systems and dual systems. Indonesia has recently attempted to examine the Dual Vocational Education and Training system in greater detail. This study investigates the challenges encountered by Indonesia throughout the implementation of its dual VET system and how they overcame them to ensure effective delivery. Notably, the primary goal of this literature study was to provide theoretically announced and policy-relevant understandings of the obstacles or challenges that every nation would encounter while establishing a dual system. This study combines empirical survey results from Germany and Switzerland to identify significant challenges and critical success criteria for the transfer. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were used to guide the conduct of a systematic review. The results show that the direct transfer or implementing present multiple challenges and difficulties that comprise Challenges for The Public Sector and The Public-Private. On the other hand, for a successful transfer of VET tight cooperation between all stakeholders and a shared awareness and deeper knowledge of the contextual conditions in the target nation are paramount. Therefore, the question of whether the dual VET system in German or Switzerland can be directly implemented in another country, without first examining specific challenges and difficulties of each context, must be clearly and systematically considered.
The effect of the feed additive "Relikt A®" on the blood and milk parameters of newborn cows
Authors: Leonova S.V. , Skoblikov I.S. , Potseluev O.M.
Published: December 2022

This work is devoted to the study of the effect of the 4% feed additive "Relikt A®", which includes a complex of humic substances, on the morphological and biochemical parameters of blood, the physico-chemical composition of milk, namely, the content of milk protein, fat (their ratio), dry fat-free milk residue, density, acidity and conductivity. As a result of the studies on the 30th day, it was found that with the introduction of a 4% feed additive "Relict A®" into the diet at a dose of 200 mg/kg of live weight, the total protein in the blood serum of the experimental group exceeded the control values by 12,06% (pЈ0,01**), albumin - by 7,86% (рЈ0,05*), globulins - by 14,87% (рЈ0,01**), urea - by 21,33% (рЈ0,05*), calcium - by 17,41% (pЈ0.05*), calcium to phosphorus ratio - by 42,97% (pЈ0,001***), magnesium - by 8,14% relative to control values. According to the physicochemical analysis of milk after 14 days of the experiment, it was noted that the milk protein in the experimental group is higher than the control values by 8,00% (pЈ0,05*), the ratio of fat to protein is lower by 31,90% (pЈ0,05*). On the 30th day of the experiment, it was noted that the milk protein of the experimental group of animals is higher than the control ones by 8,36% (pЈ0,05*), SOMO (dry skimmed milk residue) - by 8,39% (pЈ0,05*), acidity is lower by 11,35% (рЈ0,01**). The introduction of the "Relikt A®" feed additive into the diet at a dose of 200 mg/kg optimizes the biochemical processes of the body of cows in the early period after calving, reduces the risk of ketosis and hypocalcaemia, and ensures the absorption of dietary nutrients, which is expressed in the corresponding physicochemical parameters of milk.
Effect of ofloxacin on dynamics of leukocytic indices in chicken blood
Authors: Moiseeva A.A. , Prisnyi A.A. , Skvortsov V.N. , Stepanova T.V. , Lopunov S.V.
Published: December 2022

The inevitable necessity of using antimicrobials in poultry farming makes it necessary to thoroughly study any adverse reactions in the organism of animals, receiving drugs of this kind. We intended to study effect of ofloxacin on WBC indices in Hisex Brown chickens. With that end in view we divided chickens into 2 groups: I was control group, which received pure drinking water, II was experimental group, which received ofloxacin via drinking water at concentration 200 mg/L for 10 consecutive days. Blood samples were drawn at Day 1, Day 3, Day 5, Day 7 and Day 9 after the drug withdrawal. We performed leukocyte count of chicken blood and then we calculated the following leukocyte indices: LII (leukocyte index of intoxication), LSI (leukocyte shift index), LGI (lymphocyte-granulocyte index). Administration of ofloxacin caused transitory leukocytosis in chickens which was manifested in the reliable increase by 17% as compared to control. Leukocyte shift index decreased by 32% on Day 3, then it increased reliably by 60% on the final day of the experiment. We noted an increase in lymphocyte-granulocyte index by 33% as compared to control on Day 3, then it decreased on Day 5 and Day 9 by 22% and 56% respectively. The dynamics we registered was not pronounced and did not imply serious toxic effect. Leukocyte index of intoxication did not change reliably, as compared to control, throughout the experiment and that proves the absence of any noci-influence of ofloxacin on the organism of Hisex Brown chickens.
Experimental infection of bovine spongi-form encephalopathy in guinea pigs: clinical symptoms, pathohistology and immunohistochemistry
Authors: Nadtochey G.A. , Vangeli S.W. , Stafford V.V.
Published: December 2022

Prion diseases are infectious neurodegenerative diseases affecting humans and animals that are invariably fatal and have no currently available prevention or treatment methods. These diseases are also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), characterized by similar neurological disorders, vacuolization of the neuroparenchyma, accumulation of the pathogenic isoform of the prion protein in it, the absence of an immunological response to the pathogen, and the inevitable death. The most famous of them is the classic bovine spongiform encephalopathy, because. has unprecedented social and economic consequences. C-BSE of cattle is also dangerous for humans, causing one of the forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, leading to a gradual progression of irreversible C-BSE lesions, leading to the death of a sick person. Laboratory animal models make a huge contribution to the study of the biological properties of prions and the diseases they cause. Thus, mouse models of prion infections have played a major role in deciphering fundamental questions of prion biology and assessing the potential transmissibility of neurodegenerative diseases. However, despite the economic acceptability and other positive properties of this model, it has a number of disadvantages. It produces low-volume tissue samples, and it is very difficult to obtain the required volume of serum and cerebrospinal fluid for many studies. Therefore, the search for and study of the disease in new models of laboratory animals sensitive to bovine C-BSE is of great scientific importance in the study of prion diseases. This work shows that during experimental intracerebral infection of guinea pigs with the causative agent of classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy, they are 100% sensitive to the pathogen. The clinical picture of the disease, developing severe pathomorphological changes in all parts of the brain with vacuolization of neurons and neropil and massive deposition of the prion protein PrPSc are described. Guinea pigs can be a highly sensitive object for laboratory study of the causative agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy.
Combined Trivalent Vaccine for Young Horses
Authors: Neustroev M.P. , Petrova S.G.
Published: December 2022

The horse strangles, rhinopneumonia, and salmonella abortion are most often recordedin the regions engaged in breeding herd horses. Young horses are most affected by these infectious diseases. Mortality among sick young animals can reach up to 22 % of the total livestock. Therefore, the prevention of viral and bacterial infections becomes relevant for herd horse breeding.The paper presents data on preclinical and clinical trials, the effect on the body's natural resistance, the study of the effectiveness of the combined trivalent vaccine in laboratory animals and young horses. Preclinical testing of the vaccine on linear and outbred mice showed the absence of toxicity and pyrogenicity in rabbits. Experimental infection with the rhinopneumonia virus of vaccinated linear mice protected 88,8 %, and outbred white mice from infection with pathogens of salmonella abortion and the horse strangles 100 % of immunized mice. A clinical trial of a combined trivalent vaccine on young horses (657 heads) showed the effectiveness of preventive immunization in horse breeding farms that are disadvantaged for infectious diseases. Vaccination protected from the disease in 94-100 % of vaccinated animals. In a serological study of immunized young animals, the titer of antibodies to the rhinopneumonia virus was 1:3200-1:6400, agglutinating to the causative agent of salmonella abortion - 1:800-1:1600, and precipitating antibodies to the horse strangles streptococcus - 1:100. An increase in the content of the gamma globulin fraction in vaccinated animals was observed in a biochemical study of blood sera from young horses. Among those immunized with the combined vaccine, 4 heads (4,94 %) fell ill with the horse strangles, and 8 animals (7,21 %) among vaccinated. 62 heads (84,93 %) fell ill from the 73 heads of unvaccinated young animals. They were observed for clinical respiratory disease. For the treatment of patients, the probiotic preparation "Sakhabactisubtil" was used intranasally at a dose of 10 ml per head in combination with intramuscular administration of a fugat from a strain of bacteria Bacillus subtilis.Thus, a single administration of a combined trivalent vaccine for prophylactic purposes protects young herd breeding horses from the disease and thereby contributes to the safety of the livestock of horse breeding farms.
Screening of hair elemental composition in newborn calves as a way for diagnosis of intrauterine diselementosis
Authors: Safonov V.A. , Ermilova T.S. , Salimzade E.A.O. , Chernitskiy A.E.
Published: December 2022

It is known that switch growth in cattle begins from the 7th month of gestation. The authors suggested that screening of the elemental composition of integumentary switch hairs in newborn calves can be used to assess how fetus was provided with the studied macronutrients and trace elements in the last months of its intrauterine development. To test this hypothesis, 125 clinically healthy 1-day-old calves of Simmental breed (58 heifers and 67 bulls) were examined in the biogeochemical conditions of Lipetsk region of the Russian Federation. The content of 26 chemical elements in samples of unpigmented integumentary hair from the switch of animals was studied by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on a Nexion 300D spectrometer (Perkin Elmer, USA). Based on percentile scales, the following physiological limits of the content of studied elements in the hair of newborn calves (mg/kg) were determined: Al 2.75-7.04; As 0.020-0.107; B 0.338-0.568; Ca 466.8-676.8; Cd 0.006-0.012; Co 0.040-0.090; Cr 0.015-0.098; Cu 5.50-8.68; Fe 30.3-57.2; Hg 0.020-0.030; I 0.143-0.378; K 505.8-1372; Li 0.010-0.028; Mg 98.0-204.3; Mn 8.20-9.54; Mo 0.017-0.067; Na 922.5-2170; Ni 0.215-1.17; P 189.3-221.0; Pb 0.060-1.00; Se 0.180-0.400; Si 15.9-28.3; Sn 0.020-0.038; Sr 0.490-0.910; V 0.123-0.195; Zn 92.4-131.7. Gender differences were found in the content of switch hair in calves Mn (8.44-11.25 mg/kg in heifers versus 7.38-9.27 mg/kg in bulls, P=0.026) and Na (511.0-1827 mg/kg in heifers versus 1013-2998 mg/kg in bulls, P=0.030); no significant content difference between the samples of other studied elements was observed. Values beyond the limits of the specified interval are proposed to be considered as deviations corresponding to intrauterine diselementosis.
The relationship of the occurrence of mastitis in cats in daughters with parents according to anamnesis
Authors: Chekrysheva V.V.
Published: December 2022

Studies on the relationship between the occurrence of mastitis in daughters and parents according to anamnesis were carried out in the period from 2013 to 2021. on the basis of veterinary clinics in the cities of Rostov-on-Don (Dr. also on the basis of the North Caucasian Zonal Scientific Research Veterinary Institute - a branch of the FGBNU FRANC. The study included 235 cats admitted to veterinary clinics with a diagnosis of mastitis and with reliable anamnestic data of parents (mothers). For the first time, we found that mothers whose daughters fell ill with inflammation of the mammary gland most often developed pathologies such as mastitis and tumors of the mammary gland, while in the largest number of animals the pathology proceeded in a moderate or severe form. Thus, it can be argued that there is a correlation between the occurrence of mastitis in daughters and the presence of breast diseases in their mothers and the severity of the course of the pathological process. In the course of the research, an analysis was also made for the first time of the severity of the course of mastitis in relation to parents (mother-daughter). When analyzing the anamnestic data, it was found that in cats whose mothers had a history of mammary gland diseases, severe and moderate mastitis is most often noted. Significantly less often, a mild course of mastitis is recorded. And in cats, mothers who did not have a history of mammary gland diseases most often noted a mild course of the pathological process, while moderate and severe were recorded much less frequently. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the daughters obtained from mothers with breast diseases in the anamnesis are dominated by severe and moderate inflammation of the mammary gland.
Study of the tolerability of the drug for veterinary use gabitabs on cats
Authors: Shantyz A.Kh. , Lysenko Yu. A. , Kostyanko N.O. , Hahov L.A. , Petrova O.V. , Sajthanov E.O.
Published: December 2022

Gabapentin in humane medicine is used in the therapy of neuropathic pain syndromes. Medicines based on it have found their application in veterinary medicine. However, due to the fact that in the Russian Federation, a drug based on Gabapentin is not officially regulated in animals, scientific data on the study of the effect of increased doses of the product on animals are not fully presented, therefore, obtaining new information about the safety and side effects of using the drug on small pets is of great scientific and practical importance. Research work to determine the safety of the drug GABITABS (the main active ingredient gabapentin) in cats when used in single and multiple doses was carried out on the basis of the Scientific Testing Center for Toxic and Pharmacological Research and Development of Veterinary Medicines, Feed Additives and Disinfectants (STC Vetfarmbiocenter, FSBEI HE Kuban SAU, Krasnodar). In the process of work, the clinical indicators of cats, the dynamics of body weight were studied, biochemical and morphological studies of the blood of experimental animals were carried out. It has been established that the drug GABITABS with a single oral administration to cats at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day (which is 4-5 times higher than the average therapeutic dose), as well as with repeated administration at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day (and 2 times higher than the average therapeutic for an animal) and 30 mg/kg/day (3 times higher than therapeutic for an animal) for 28 days does not cause functional, morphological disorders, as well as intoxication syndrome and is satisfactorily tolerated by cats of different breeds and gender.
Features of pasture nutrition and reproduction as indicators of acclimatization of the Chukchi deer in Yamal
Authors: Yuzhakov A.A. , Laishev K.A.
Published: December 2022

The article presents the results of scientific and production experience in acclimatization and breeding use of reindeer males of the Chukchi breed in the reindeer herding economy of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Research and production experience on the acclimatization of Chukotka producers was carried out at the Tazovsky agricultural enterprise of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, where they were delivered by two groups from the Bilibinsky District of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. When assessing the relationship between the origin of the studied animals and the characteristics of the use of pasture fodder, it was found that the ratio of fodder fractions is more influenced by the state of pastures and the grazing season than the breed of deer. the ratio of feed fractions in the rumen of the Nenets and Chukchi deer on average per year did not reveal a statistically significant advantage of any of the studied groups. Timing of the grazing behavior of males of different origins showed that Chukchi deer were more active on pastures, but they spent almost a third of this time looking for food, while local Nenets peers spent half the time on these activities. The time spent directly on the process of feeding in deer of different origins turned out to be almost the same. The results of deer calving showed that the deadness of the breeding stock and the mortality of newborn calves in the experimental herd are lower than in the control herd by 1.1 and 1.0%, respectively. The increased number of stillborn calves is explained by cases of their death in first-calf heifers. The death of live calves during the calving period in both herds is almost the same, but the business yield of calves is higher in the experimental herd by 1.2%. During the first year after the relocation, the Chukchi deer adapted to the conditions of the Yamal forest-tundra and were successfully used as breeding animals.
Immunogenic properties of B. suis 245 strain brucellle culture
Authors: Zakharova O.I. , Sleptsov E.S. , Iskandarov M.I. , Vinokurov N.V. , Sidorov M.N.
Published: December 2022

The article presents materials of study of antigenic, virulent and immunogenic properties of B. suis 245 strain brucelle culture in a comparative aspect with other vaccine strains in the body of laboratory animals. Transfers were made from the strains B. suis 245, B. abortus 19, 82, B. melitensis Rev-1 on dense nutrient medium after growth of lyophilized cultures of brucellas. A bacteriological study was conducted on meat-pepton glucose-glycerin broth (one test tube per object) and meat-pepton hepatic-glucose-glycerin agar (two test tubes per object) of pathological material (ten objects from each of the test animals). The identification of the isolated cultures of microorganisms was carried out by establishing an agglutination reaction on the glass with S- and R-anti-brucellosis serums. Regardless of the vaccine injection method, all animals that have been vaccinated with the B. suis 245 vaccine have shown resistance to artificial infection with virulent brucellosis. It was noted that in the group of guinea pigs vaccinated with a drug from the B. melitensis Rev-1 strain, resistance to infection was quite high. The protective properties of brucellosis vaccines are monitored in mice 10 days after vaccination. The test animals follow the observation for 7-10 days.
Search for fungistatics in the imidazole series
Authors: Zubenko A.A. , Divaeva L.N. , Fetisov L.N. , Svyatogorova A.E. , Kononenko K.N. , Urban G.A. , Chekrysheva V.V. , Klimenko A.I.
Published: December 2022

New imidazole derivatives with fungistatic activity were synthesized at the NCRSRVI branch of FSBSC Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center. The initial compound 4,5-dichlorimidazole was obtained according to the method described in the literature [3]. Structures 1, 4, 6, 7, 8 - 11, 14 - 17, 19, 20, 22, 24 they were synthesized by alkylation of 4,5-dichlorimidazole with corresponding halide alkyls in an alkaline medium. Alcohol 5 was obtained by reducing ketone with sodium borohydride in ethanol. Bigeterocycles 10, 13 were obtained by the reaction of 4,5-dichlorimidazole with corresponding chloronitropyridines by boiling in dimethylformamide in the presence of potassium carbonate. Compound 10 was obtained under similar conditions, but ortho-chloronitrobenzene was used as an aryl derivative. The preparation 23 was obtained by acylation using a chlorocarbon ester of the corresponding N-(4-aminophenylmethyl) 4,5-dichlorimidazole, which, in turn, was synthesized from a nitro derivative by reduction with iron in ethanol in the presence of a catalytic amount of hydrochloric acid. Preparation 18 is obtained from the methyl ester of 4,5-dichlorimidazole and acetic acid and hydrazine in an alcoholic medium. The study of fungistatic activity showed that the size of the culture growth retardation zone crucially depends on the type of substituents in the nitrogen atom of the imidazole cycle. First of all, this applies to the lipophilicity of the substituent: the higher the lipophilicity (of the compound 1, 4, 6, 7, 20, 22-24), the higher the activity of the connection. However, lipophilicity obviously should not exceed certain limits: the most lipophilic compounds 2 and 3 are significantly inferior in activity to slightly less lipophilic compounds 1, 4, 6, 7, 20, 22-24. Polar substituents of the nitrogen atom (compounds 5, 8, 11, 16-18, 23) completely suppress fungistatic activity. The aryl substituent of the nitrogen atom of the imidazole ring (compound 10), as well as the nitrogetaryl substituents (compounds 12 and 13) have significant fungistatic activity.
The effect of biologically active substances on the intestinal microflora of quails
Authors: Kletikova L.V. , Ponomarev V.A. , Yakimenko N.N. , Brezginova T.I. , Kuznetsov I.A.
Published: December 2022

The Intestinal's microflora has a pronounced stimulating and immunomodulatory effect on the body. The use of an experimental group of quails of the Estonian breed Chiktonik at a dose of 1 ml / l of water from the 1st to the 10th day and from the 31st to the 40th day. Vetom 1.1 at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight from the 11th to the 20th and from the 41st to the 50th day showed a change in the coprogram, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microflora compared with the control. The determination of the species composition of the microflora was carried out by inoculation of dilutions of the intestinal contents on differential diagnostic and selective nutrient media, the study of feces was carried out with a set of reagents "Clinic-feces". In 30- and 60-day-old quails of the experimental group, the pH of the content is acidic, there is no intracellular starch, digestible fiber, neutral fat, single cocci and rod-shaped microflora are noted; by the age of 60 days, single leukocytes and erythrocytes appear. In the control group, the pH of the content is alkaline, there is extra- and intracellular starch, digestible and indigestible fiber, drops of neutral fat, coccal and rod-shaped microflora, iodophilic microflora, cellular elements, mucus. In 30-day-old quails of the experimental group, an increase in the number of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. up to 6.6ґ106 and 1.0?105 Cfu/g compared to 2.6ґ106 Cfu/g and 2.8ґ104 in the control group; the number of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis decreased and amounted to 1.08?106 CFU/g and 1.0ґ104 CFU/g, respectively, against 3.15ґ106 CFU/g and 7.0?104 CFU/g in the control group. In 60-day-old quails of the experimental group Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. were 5.8ґ104, 1.87ґ105, 1.0?103, 7.6ґ106 and 1.49ґ105 CFU/g versus 1.6ґ105, 2.86ґ105, 2.0ґ103, 2.88ґ106 and 3.2ґ104 CFU/g in the control group. Therefore, the developed scheme for the use of biologically active substances contributes to the reduction of opportunistic microflora and successful colonization of the small intestine by resident microflora.
Means for disinfection of oocysts of coccidia of birds
Authors: Saypullaev U.M.
Published: December 2022

It is known that the most dangerous and severe invasive disease in poultry farming is coccidiosis. In this regard, there is a question of developing of new products with disinfecting properties against coccidium oocysts in the external environment, taking into account the peculiarities of the North Caucasian Republic, where the period of sanitation of the premises does not exceed 10-15 days. In order to preserve the multiplicity of treatment and a set of chemicals, it is necessary to use a disinfectant that would simultaneously counteract the pathogens of invasive, bactericidal and viral diseases. The article presents the results of production tests of a composite product consisting of 20.0% slaked lime, with the addition of 3.0% sodium chloride and 5.0% foaming agent. The effectiveness of solutions of the new agent in relation to coccidium oocysts was carried out in dysfunctional farms for the maintenance of broiler chickens and repair young. The object of researer were litter from disadvantaged farms named after "Gadzhimurzaev" and "Mugutdinov" of Buinaksky district of the of Dagestan Republic. Samples were taken from the floor, walls, equipment, feeders and drinkers. The presence of coccidium oocysts was studied by the Fuliburn and Darling method. Effective is the exposure and consumption of desolution, which according to the results of 3 experiments provided 100% disinfection of the surface from coccidium oocysts when detected on control surfaces. The conducted production tests established that the solution of the disinfection composition was used to disinfect the coccidium oocysts of birds for 24 hours of exposure, with double irrigation, aintervals 1-2 hours, at the rate of 0.5 l/m2.
Determination of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the bacterial microflora of the digestive tract of horses in parasitic diseases
Authors: Kokolova L.M. , Gavrilieva L.Yu. , Stepanova S.M. , Dulova S.S. , Savvinova M.S.
Published: December 2022

This article presents the results of studies of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the bacterial microflora of the digestive tract of horses with herd maintenance in Yakutia. The results of a bacteriological study of the intestinal contents conducted in horses infected with intestinal worms showed that the normal composition of the intestinal microflora represented by bacteroids, bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, pathogenic and non-pathogenic E. coli, staphylococci and microscopic fungi changes. As the authors of the article point out, helminths in the process of nutrition violate the integrity of the intestinal wall, blood and lymph vessels, which leads to intestinal bleeding, inflammation and necrosis of intestinal tissues, in addition, migrating through the intestinal wall, helminths are able to carry pathogenic microorganisms that cause infectious diseases (salmonellosus equarum, escherichiosis, adenitis equorum, malleus, etc.). The results of bacteriological studies of the intestinal contents of helminth-infected foals under the age of 6-8 months showed an average growth of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli - 4.3±0.2ґ104 CFU/g, MAFAnM - 1.5±0.1ґ105 CFU/g, non-pathogenic staphylococci - 5.7±0.2ґ104 CFU/g, lactose-negative escherichia - 1.7±0.1ґ103 CFU/g. They noted a high level of pathogenic staphylococci - 1.04±0.1ґ106 CFU/g, the absence of lactose-positive escherichia, a single growth of fungi of the genus Aspergillus, Penicillium and intensive growth of mold fungi of the genus Mucor ramosissimus. When examining the intestinal microflora of adult horses, a low level of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli was found - 7.8±0.3ґ103 CFU/g, MAFAnM was 3.08±0.2ґ105 CFU/g, pathogenic staphylococci - 6.8±0.3ґ104 CFU/g, lactose-negative E. coli - 5.4±0.3ґ102 CFU/g, absence of lactose-positive E. coli, moderate growth of fungi of the genus Mucor ramosissimus and Fusarium dimerum, Candida spp., Penicillium spp. and single growth.
The effect on the quality of silage of enzyme ferments and their combinations with micro-biological ferments in the laboratory
Authors: Kravaynis Yu.Ya. , Konovalov A.V. , Kravaine R.S. , Аlekseev А.А.
Published: December 2022

The article presents the results of research on the quality of silage when pre-serving the green mass of clover with starter cultures: polymicrobiological starter "Yarosil, dry powder", in the amount of 1 g/t and 10 g/t, containing Lactobacillus plantarum K-36, K-64, K-65, K-72, K-74, K-87, K-167; Lactobacillus lactis subsp. lactis Ep-157, Lactobacillus paracasei Ep-154 Ep-155 Ep-156 Ep-158, Streptococcus thermophilus K-35, concentration (total) was . 8*1010 CFU / cm3, starter culture "Mixture of cellulolytic enzymes" in the amount of 1 g/t and 10 g/t. The enzymes were produced by cultivating highly effective strains of Trichoderma Iongibrachiatum, CMC-aza: 9710 units/g, xylanase: 30000 units/g, Protein 500 mg/g, and Penicillum verrucolosum, CMC-aza: 6890 units/g, xylanase: 11000 units/g, protein 720 mg/g; starter culture "Mixture cellulolytic enzymes and Yarosil", in the amount of 1 g/t and 10 g/t. It was found that the quality of the silage was higher when introducing starter cultures, but not the same depending on the starter culture and its quantity. More effective ferments have been identified, and their optimal amount of introduction into the canned mass of clover. The amount of leaven introduced did not have the same effect on the safety, chemical composition and nutritional value of the resulting silage. More optimal results in terms of chemical composition and nutritional value were obtained when adding "Yarosil" sourdough, dry powder, in an amount of 10 g/t to the green mass of clover, which increased the crude protein content by 3.06% and amounted to 18.10% (in the control sample 15.04%), reduced the crude fiber content by 3.99% and amounted to 19.39% (in the control sample 23.38%), and sourdough "Dry mixture of cellu-lolytic enzymes and Yarosil", in an amount of 10 g/t, which increased the crude protein content by 2.36% and amounted to 17.40% (in the control sample 15.04%), and reduced the crude fiber content by 3.92% and amounted to 19.46%.
A Study on the Establishment of the Concept of Public Contribution
Authors:   Korean Public Land Law Association, Young Eun Eun
Published: December 2022

In accordance with the revision of the National Territory Planning Act in 2021, Article 52-2 “Expenses for Installation of Public Facilities” was newly established, which is evaluated as providing a legal basis for public contribution. However, in the past, it was mainly understood as free transfer, contributed acceptance or the goal of contributed acceptance or the recovery of development profits by providing development benefits to the public itself has been recognized as a public contribution, As a result of comparing it with existing systems that have been used as a means of securing publicity, It is judged that the obligation to install public facilities, etc. under Article 52-2 does not include all existing concepts of public contribution. This clause includes development gains and planned gains on land value increases due to changes in district unit plans and in that it is implemented in the form of contributed acceptance, so It may be evaluated as including all the conventional concepts of public contribution. But since it was revised for the purpose of resolving long-term unexecuted urban planning facilities and supplying public rental housing, it is desirable to understand that existing means of securing publicity have been added. Therefore, through the systems used as a means of realizing public contribution, this study suggested the need to expand the concept of public contribution by pointing out the ambiguous concept of public contribution, which is the ultimate purpose of the system in the process of securing publicity, and limitations in the realization of public contribution due to this. However, as the concept of public contribution expands, various means may be repeatedly and indiscriminately overused in the name of securing publicity, so a basic legal basis covering the concept of public contribution in a broad sense should be prepared, and establishing a long-term plan for organic operation and procedures should be considered.
The Institutional Improvement Measures for Revitalization ofPublic Redevelopment Project
Authors:   Korean Public Land Law Association, Cho Pilkyu
Published: December 2022

In the last Government’s 5.6 Real Estate Measures, “Public Redevelopment Project in which the Public(LH) Participates” targeting Redevelopment Project Ares that had been stagnant for a long time. was introduced in order to relive the overheating phenomenon of the nationwide housing market including the metropolitan area. Especially, the government revised “the Act on the Improvement of Urban Areas and Residential Environments” in order to supply enough housing in the city-center and to improve the residential environment of old residential areas through the promotion of the “Public Redevelopment Project.” At the same time, the government has implemented various institutional improvements for promoting housing supply in the inner city. Analysing on the characteristics of these institutional improvements, it is mainly focused on the conditions and support for the project targets and the macroscopic point of view, such as permitting business participation as a joint operator of public enterprise when the requirements of public purpose are met, introducing a defined equity system, supplying cheap housing, and preventing sprawling development. Of course, in the early stages of the policy, it is necessary to strengthen the characteristics as a public purpose and encourage the implementation of the project, as well as strengthen project support by deregulation of constructions. However, in order to revitalize the “Public Redevelopment Project” in consideration of effectiveness and the perspective of the main promoter(residents) in the future, in addition to the “Act on the Improvement of Urban Areas and Residential Environments,” other institutional reforms related to the “Public Redevelopment Project” should be also introduced further.
The Direction of the Decentralized Constitution for the Revitalization of Local Autonomy
Authors:   Korean Public Land Law Association, Ko In Seok
Published: December 2022

Despite the process of policy efforts for revitalizing local autonomy and decentralization, the crisis of local extinction and deepening fiscal power due to population decline are still not very helpful in balanced local development and securing local competitiveness. The reality is that securing balanced regional development and local competitiveness is difficult without the presentation of innovative alternatives through legal and institutional improvement. In the meantime, discussions on the decentralization-type constitutional amendment have continued since 2000, and even with the implementation of the full revision of the Local Autonomy Act in 2022, a breakthrough point for decentralization has not been established. In order to exercise the actual authority of local governments through decentralization and balanced local development, it is necessary to prepare basis regulations such as self-governing rights, expansion of autonomous affairs, and local government participation rights in Chapter 8 in addition to the current provisions of the Constitution. Considering the reality that it is difficult to realize and guarantee local autonomy through improvement of local autonomy-related laws, local autonomy should be expanded through the establishment of a new basis for substantial guarantee of local autonomy. The decentralized constitutional amendment can lead to securing local competitiveness by substantial guarantee of local autonomy and realization of the right to self-governing. Local competitiveness will be the basis of the nation's competitiveness. This paper analyzes the contents of the Korean Constitution and local autonomy laws that act as the limitations of local autonomy and decentralization, identifies trends in overseas decentralization, and suggests alternatives to the local decentralization-type constitutional amendment for the development of local autonomy.
Verwaltungsakt in Korea als Mittel zur Bekämpfung in der Pandemie und Aufgabe in Korea
Authors:   Korean Public Land Law Association, Kang Hyun-Ho
Published: December 2022

COVID-19 wurde als Pandemie anerkannt. Die Menschen wurden ängstlich, und es wurde administrative Maßnahmen ergriffen, um damit fertig zu werden. In Deutschland wurde viel über das Risiko von COVID-19 diskutiert, aber in Korea wurde hauptsächlich nur die Gefährlichkeit von COVID-19 betont. Um mit COVID-19 fertig zu werden, wurden daher Vorschriften erlassen, um verschiedene administrative Maßnahmen zu stützen. Eine medizinische und auch juristische Analyse oder Diskussion über das Risiko von COVID-19, das die Grundlage dieser Maßnahmen darstellt, wurde jedoch sehr vernachlässigt. Unter Ignorierung des COVID-19-Risikos wurden Gesetze und Vorschriften tiefgreifend durchgesetzt, die Pflichten wie Ausgangsbeschränkungen, Bewegungsbeschränkungen, Kontaktbeschränkungen, Geschäftsaussetzung und Auskunftserteilung der Route auferlegten. Die Verwaltungsbehörde versuchte, durch die Mobilisierung verschiedener Verwaltungsfunktionen das öffentliche Wohl und die Ordnung aufrechtzuerhalten, verursachte dabei aber auch viele Nebenwirkungen. Zur Bewältigung von COVID-19 wurden die auf der Grundlage des Infektionsschutzgesetzes erlassenen Verwaltungsakte unter den Gesichtspunkten von Subjekt der Verwaltungshandlungen, Inhalt des VA, Handlungsform des VA und dessem Verfahren betrachtet. In Bezug auf Subjekt ist die Einheitlichkeit der Befugnis von Behörden stärker zu betonen, inhaltlich ist die Eindeutigkeit der gesetzlichen Vorgaben zum Erlass von Verwaltungsakten zu ergänzen und auch der Grundsatz des Übermaßverbots von Verwaltungsakten ist einzuhalten. Verwaltungshandlungen wie Befehle, Allgemeinverfügungen und Anordnungen werden hauptsächlich als Reaktionsform eingesetzt. Dazu sind auch verschiedene Verwaltungszwangsmaßnahmen, die unmittelbare Zwangswirkung auf Menschen entfalten, ohne Rücksicht auf die Nebenwirkungen eingesetzt. Aus prozessualer Sicht stellt sich die Frage, ob beim Erlaß von Allgemeinverfügung die vorgesehenen Verwaltungsverfahren gemäß dem koreanischen Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz eingehalten werden sollen. M.E. sind grundsätzlich Verwaltungsverfahren nach dem koreanischen Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz zu beachten. In Anbetracht der Besonderheit auf Infektionskrankheiten kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass es nicht einfach ist, in dringenden Fällen Verwaltungsverfahren durchzuführen, jedoch gibt es dann die Ausnahmeregelung, die in solchen Fällen anzuwenden ist. Krisensituationen wie COVID-19 können sich immer wiederholen, aber die durch Gegenmaßnahmen gegen COVID-19 verursachten rechtsstaatlichen Probleme sollten sich nicht wiederholen.