bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exercise training and weight loss, not always a happy marriage: single blind exercise trials in females with diverse BMI
Authors: Jackson Matthew , Fatahi Fardin , Alabduljader Kholoud , Jelleyman Charlotte , Moore Jonathan P. , Kubis Hans-Peter
Published: November 2017

Individuals show high variability in body weight responses to exercise training. Expectations and motivation towards effects of exercise on body weight might influence eating behaviour and could conceal regulatory mechanisms. We conducted 2 single-blind exercise trials (4 weeks (study 1) and 8 weeks (study 2)) with concealed objectives and exclusion of individuals with weight loss intention. Circuit exercise training programs (3 times a week (45–90 min), intensity 50%–90% peak oxygen uptake for 4 and 8 weeks) were conducted. Thirty-four females finished the 4-week intervention and 36 females the 8-week intervention. Overweight/obese (OV/OB) and lean female participants’ weight/body composition responses were assessed and fasting and postprandial appetite hormone levels (PYY, insulin, amylin, leptin, ghrelin) were measured before and after the intervention for understanding potential contribution to individuals’ body weight response to exercise training (study 2). Exercise training in both studies did not lead to a significant reduction of weight/body mass index (BMI) in the participants’ groups; however, lean participants gained muscle mass. Appetite hormones levels were significantly (p < 0.05) altered in the OV/OB group, affecting fasting (−24%) and postprandial amylin (−14%) levels. Investigation of individuals’ BMI responses using multiple regression analysis revealed that levels of fasting leptin, postprandial amylin increase, and BMI were significant predictors of BMI change, explaining about 43% of the variance. In conclusion, tested exercise training did not lead to weight loss in female participants, while a considerable proportion of variance in body weight response to training could be explained by individuals’ appetite hormone levels and BMI.
Moments of the three-parameter Fermi distribution
Authors: Zhang L. , Gao Y. , Zheng H. , Huang M. R. , Liu X.
Published: October 2017

The moments [Formula: see text] of the spherical three-parameter Fermi distribution (3pF) are presented for [Formula: see text] to 8 as a function of the parameter [Formula: see text], the half-density radius [Formula: see text] and the diffuseness parameter [Formula: see text] through the introduced parameter [Formula: see text], which can be applied to study the neutron skin in neutron rich nuclei. The general expression of the moment can be written as the combination of integrals [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. The errors of the analytic moments [Formula: see text] are estimated with the typical values of the parameters in 3pF compared with the numerical results.
First principle investigations of the Pbnm phase BiFeO3, BiFe0.875Mn0.125O3 and Bi0.875X0.125Fe0.875Mn0.125O3 (XBFM) (X = Ce, Gd, Lu)
Authors: Zhang Ren , Zhou Yunhua , Zhu Yiyi , Li Yangyang , Chu Liang , Min Yonggang , Zhang Jian , Yang Jianping , Li Xing’ao
Published: November 2017

The structural, magnetic, electronic and optical properties of Pbnm BiFeO[Formula: see text] (BFO), BiFe[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] (BFM), Bi[Formula: see text]X[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] (XBFM) (X = Ce, Gd, Lu) have been investigated by the first principles within the PBE[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]U scheme. It is shown that the dopant Mn in the B sites and Ce (Gd, Lu) in the A sites improves the crystalline quality. The magnetic moments of Bi[Formula: see text]Ce[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] (CBFM) and Bi[Formula: see text]Gd[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] (GBFM) are 10 [Formula: see text] and 16 [Formula: see text] which mainly arises from the strongly localized unpaired 4f electrons of Ce and Gd, 3d electrons of Mn and Fe. While, as BFM, the magnetic moment of Bi[Formula: see text]Lu[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] (LBFM) is 9 [Formula: see text] indicating no effect on the magnetization is made by Lu for its full 4f states. The densities of states of the five systems hint that CBFM is metallic and BFM, GBFM, LBFM are still semiconductors. The metallic properties of CBFM arise from the hybridization between Ce-4f and Mn-3d states which leads the Mn [Formula: see text] states to be split into [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] lowering the bottom of the conduction band to cross the Fermi level. Furthermore, we also study the optical properties of Pbnm BiFeO[Formula: see text] (BFO), BiFe[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] (BFM), Bi[Formula: see text]X[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] (XBFM) (X = Ce, Gd, Lu). In this work, the optical properties including the absorption spectrum, loss function, refractive index and reflectivity spectrum are discussed in detail.
The Lp-Norm-Minimization Design of Stable Variable-Bandwidth Digital Filters
Authors: Deng Tian-Bo
Published: October 2017

This paper proposes a two-step strategy for designing a variable-bandwidth (VBW) digital filter through minimizing the [Formula: see text]-norm of the magnitude-response error. This [Formula: see text]-norm design can be regarded as a generalized version of the existing weighted-least-squares (WLS) design. Equivalently, the WLS design is a special case of the [Formula: see text]-norm-minimization design for [Formula: see text]. This paper discusses the design of the recursive VBW filter with the transfer function whose denominator is expressed as the product of the second-order sections. As long as all the second-order sections are stable, the recursive VBW filter is also stable. To ensure that the designed recursive VBW filter is stable, we adopt the coefficient-conversion strategy that constrains all the denominator-parameter pairs of the second-order sections within the stability triangle. This paper also proposes a novel conversion function for performing the coefficient conversion. As a consequence, the designed VBW filter is definitely stable. A bandpass VBW filter is designed for showing the feasibility of the [Formula: see text]-norm-minimization-based design and verifying the stability guarantee.
Effects of magnetic fields and slow rotation in white dwarfs
Authors: Terrero D. Alvear , Paret D. Manreza , Martínez A. Pérez
Published: October 2017

In this work we use Hartle’s formalism to study the effects of rotation in the structure of magnetized white dwarfs within the framework of general relativity. We describe the inner matter by means of an equation of state for electrons under the action of a constant magnetic field, which introduces an anisotropy in the pressures. Solutions correspond to typical densities of white dwarfs and values of magnetic field below [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]G considering perpendicular and parallel pressures independently, as if associated to two different equations of state. Rotation effects obtained account for an increase of the maximum mass for both magnetized and nonmagnetized stable configurations, up to about [Formula: see text]. Further effects studied include the deformation of the stars, which become oblate spheroids and the solutions for other quantities of interest, such as the moment of inertia, quadrupolar momentum and eccentricity. In all cases, rotation effects are dominant with respect to those of the magnetic field.
Interacting holographic dark energy model in Brans–Dicke cosmology and coincidence problem
Authors: Felegary F. , Darabi F. , Setare M. R.
Published: October 2017

We study the dynamics of interacting holographic dark energy model in Brans–Dicke cosmology for the future event horizon and the Hubble horizon cut-offs. We determine the system of first-order differential equations for the future event horizon and Hubble horizon cut-offs and obtain the corresponding fixed points, attractors, repellers and saddle points. Finally, we investigate the cosmic coincidence problem in this model for the future event horizon and Hubble horizon cut-offs and find that for both cut-offs and for a variety of Brans–Dicke parameters, the coincidence problem is almost resolved.
Defining Reference Area for Prediction of Aerodynamic Coefficients of a Biologically Inspired Hybrid Buoyant Vehicle
Authors: Haque Anwar-Ul , Asrar Waqar , Omar Ashraf A. , Sulaeman Erwin
Published: November 2017

Geometric and volumetric quantities are usually used to define the reference area for the prediction of aerodynamic coefficients of various aquatic mammals, airships and unmanned vehicle. However, reference area does not have a unique definition, especially for a hybrid buoyant aerial vehicle having hybrid lifting hull which resembles a Steller sea lion. The term square cube root of volume is traditionally used as reference area to nondimensionalize the aerodynamic forces for conventional as well as unconventional airships. Published experimental data are usually available for complete configuration at low speed and in nondimensionalized form. So, a generic model of an aircraft’s fuselage was first tested in a wind tunnel as a test case to first determine the lift force and then the influence of different choices of reference area on the lift. A hybrid lifting hull was numerically simulated for the prediction of lift as well as drag coefficients and their ratio. It was found that the volumetric term has undefined correlation with aerodynamic forces in both cases. Changes in aerodynamic coefficients are not prominent when using the wetted area as the reference area. Based on the predicted trends of aerodynamic coefficients and a deep literature survey, the projected planform area is proposed as the best option for reference area of a Steller sea lion as well as for hybrid lifting hull of a hybrid buoyant vehicle.
Chapter 2 The Quaternary
Authors: Lukas S. , Preusser F. , Evans D. J. A. , Boston C. M. , Lovell H.
Published: November 2017

The Quaternary is the youngest geological period, beginning 2.58 Ma ago and including the present day; it is therefore the only geological period that is continuously growing. During the first epoch of the Quaternary, the Pleistocene, extremely cold and warm conditions alternated, frequently over short periods of time. This resulted in processes currently only operating in cold (polar and high-mountain) environments extending to and affecting the mid-latitudes, including the currently densely populated areas of North America and Europe. In Britain every region has been affected by cold-region processes, which have produced unique sedimentary and geomorphological signatures. Hence, an intimate knowledge of these processes is of direct relevance to engineering geologists and anyone working with natural materials. This chapter reviews the state of the art of (a) the stratigraphic (nomenclatorial) framework of the Quaternary, (b) prominent concepts that are of direct relevance to understanding the detailed overviews in Chapters 3–5; and (c) key findings on the dynamics of these processes and their implications for engineering-geological questions and problems.
Chapter 4 Conceptual glacial ground models: British and Irish case studies
Authors: Evans D. J. A.
Published: November 2017

Former glaciation style is dictated by physiography and ice dynamics and is encoded in glacial landsystem imprints. As a holistic evaluation of sediment–landform associations and their genetic relationships to the processes involved in terrain development, glacial landsystems can facilitate a preliminary prediction of expected subsurface conditions using depositional surface morphology and wider physiographic setting. This chapter provides exemplars representative of the widely variable glacial depositional environments of the British Isles. The glacial deposits of the British Isles are viewed in terms of the dominant landsystems in the Quaternary sediment–landform record and can be grouped under four categories: (1) ice-sheet-related deposits and (2) upland (hard bedrock) glacial deposits, organized according to subglacial footprints, ice-marginal complexes and supraglacial assemblages; (3) glaciofluvial sediment–landforms, organized according to whether they are ice-contact or proglacial in nature; and (4) subaqueous depositional sequences, related to ice-proximal and ice-distal environments. These glacial landsystems are related to the concept of Quaternary domains in an attempt to translate sediment–landform assemblages into a format that has practicability in engineering geology. In this respect the regional distribution of landsystems resonates to some degree with the classification schemes of ‘glaciogenic subgroups’ and ‘till formation domains’. Beyond the glaciogenic subgroup and domain classifications, landsystems further identify localized complexities and ensure a higher level of detail for site investigations where intensive Quaternary geological assessments have yielded a range of data including geomorphological mapping and outcrop investigations with three-dimensional analyses of borehole archives.
Chapter 7 Engineering investigation and assessment
Authors: de Freitas M. H. , Griffiths J. S. , Press N. , Russell J. , Parkes A. A. , Stimpson I. G. , Norbury D. R. , Coleman C. , Black J. , Towler G. , Thatcher K.
Published: November 2017

Ground affected by periglacial and glacial processes can be among the most variable formed by nature. Previous chapters have graphically illustrated this variability and explained the topographic and sedimentary associations to be expected within former and present-day cold regions. This chapter shows how that background is needed to design and execute an investigation for predicting either the ground response to engineering change or the volumes of material the ground contains. Such an investigation of the ground is also needed to explain its current and former state of stability on slopes and its natural groundwater flow.

The starting point of any such investigation is a conceptual model of the ground which subsequent investigation tests and refines; investigations conducted without such a model can easily become sterile and expensive exercises in collecting data. Such a model starts with knowledge of landscape, cold climate processes and their products, initially refined with the aid of a desk study. This then develops with each phase of the investigation, starting with what is known via desk studies, and progressing through what can be readily seen by walkover surveys and shallow investigations, including surface geophysics and remote sensing, all leading towards a model that can be tested directly by various intrusive investigations. Techniques appropriate for such investigations, including sampling, in glaciated and frost-disturbed ground both onshore and offshore are reviewed.

Great care must be taken with the description of coarse materials, glaciotectonic structures and the materials within them; a unique feature of this chapter is the correlation it presents between the engineering descriptions of glacial sediments, as used in ground engineering, and the descriptions used by glacial sedimentologists for the same materials. Water levels are also obtained during these investigations, and in these types of ground they are often misinterpreted by applying thinking more appropriate to aquifer hydrogeology. A surprising feature of glaciated ground is its low permeability overall, and the correct interpretation of heads measured in such environments is often that for aquitards rather than aquifers.

The initial conceptual model starts with little more than an idea and a broad outline, and evolves as the investigation progresses. It should continue to evolve throughout construction as more and more of the ground is exposed and its behaviour is better known; in this way, the ground model can be thought of as a living document, especially appropriate in such variable ground. The chapter concludes with a review of how this information can be brought together as three-dimensional models that effectively communicate the knowns and unknowns of a volume of ground and their associated risks, in both deterministic and probabilistic ways.
Structural inheritance in the Central Pyrenees: the Variscan to Alpine tectonometamorphic evolution of the Axial Zone
Authors: Cochelin Bryan , Lemirre Baptiste , Denèle Yoann , de Saint Blanquat Michel , Lahfid Abdeltif , Duchêne Stéphanie
Published: November 2017

Estimating structural inheritance in orogens is critical to understanding the manner in which plate convergence is accommodated. The Pyrenean belt, which developed in Late Cretaceous to Paleogene times, was affected by Cretaceous rifting and Variscan orogeny. Here we combine a structural and petrological study of the Axial Zone in the Central Pyrenees to discuss structural inheritance. Low-grade Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks were affected by a Variscan transpressional event that produced successively: (1) regional-scale folds; (2) isoclinal folding, steep pervasive cleavage and vertical stretching, synchronous with peak metamorphism; (3) strain localization into ductile reverse shear zones. The persistence of a relatively flat envelope for the Paleozoic sedimentary pile and Variscan isograds, and the absence of Alpine crustal-scale faults in the core of the Axial Zone, suggests that the Axial Zone constitutes a large Variscan structural unit preserved during Pyrenean orogeny. This configuration seems to be inherited from Cretaceous rifting, which led to the individualization of a large continental block (future Axial Zone) against a hyper-extended domain along the North Pyrenean Fault zone. This study places the currently prevailing model of Pyrenean belt deformation in a new perspective and has important implications for crustal evolution and inheritance in mountain belts more generally.

Supplementary materials:
Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous materials data and a figure illustrating peak-fitting of the Raman spectrum of carbonaceous material and Raman spectra from the various samples of the Pallaresa cross-section are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3906247
Market Liquidity After the Financial Crisis
Authors: Adrian Tobias , Fleming Michael , Shachar Or , Vogt Erik
Published: November 2017

This article examines market liquidity in the postcrisis era in light of concerns that regulatory changes might have reduced dealers’ ability and willingness to make markets. We begin with a discussion of the broader trading environment, including an overview of regulations and their potential effects on dealer balance sheets and market making, but also considering additional drivers of market liquidity. We document a stagnation of dealer balance sheets after the financial crisis of 2007–2009, which occurred concurrently with dealer balance sheet deleveraging. However, using high-frequency trade and quote data for US Treasuries and corporate bonds, we find only limited evidence of a deterioration in market liquidity.
A Firm's Cost of Capital
Authors: Jagannathan Ravi , Liberti José , Liu Binying , Meier Iwan
Published: November 2017

To create value, a firm must invest in projects that provide a return greater than the cost of capital. The cost of capital is not observed and its estimation requires assumptions on investors’ consumption, savings, and portfolio decisions. We review the academic literature on firms’ cost of financial capital and the estimation of the different components: cost of equity, cost of debt, and their relative weights. We also review various approaches to estimating the cost of capital and the assumptions justifying these approaches.
Shenfu Injection Adjunct with Platinum‐Based Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Advanced Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta‐Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Cao Ailing , He Hailang , Jing Mengxin , Yu Beibei , Zhou Xianmei
Published: November 2017

Platinum‐based chemotherapy is one of the standard treatments for non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), while its high toxicity and limited clinical effects raise big concerns. Shenfu injection (SFI) has been commonly used as an adjutant chemotherapy drug for NSCLC in China. We ascertained the beneficial and adverse effects of SFI in combination with platinum‐based chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC by using meta‐analysis methods. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving advanced NSCLC treatment with SFI plus platinum‐based chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone were searched on 6 medical databases up to February 2017. Cochrane handbook 5.1.0 was applied to assess the quality of included trials and RevMan 5.3 software was employed for data analysis. 23 RCTs including 1574 patients met our inclusion criteria. We evaluated the following outcome measures: objective tumor response (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), Karnofsky performance score (KPS), adverse effects, and indicators of cellular immune function. The meta‐analysis indicated that SFI plus platinum‐based chemotherapy may benefit the patients with NSCLC on attenuated synergies of chemotherapy. These findings need to be confirmed by further rigorously designed high‐quality and large‐scale RCTs.
A Rare Complication of a TAP Block Performed after Caesarean Delivery
Authors: Salaria Osman Nawazish , Kannan Murlikrishna , Kerner Bryan , Goldman Howard
Published: October 2017

The transversus abdominis plane block is a regional anesthesia technique that has become popular. Being a relatively simple procedure, the TAP block has an excellent safety profile and major complications are rare. We present a case of transient femoral nerve palsy occurring after a TAP block with involvement of the sacral plexus for a patient who had undergone a caesarean section.
A Review of Organic Photovoltaic Energy Source and Its Technological Designs
Authors: Rwenyagila Egidius Rutatizibwa
Published: October 2017

This study reviews and describes some of the existing research and mechanisms of operation of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. Introduced first are problems that exist with traditional fossil fuels that result in most of the world energy challenges such as environmental pollution. This is followed by the description of baseline organic solar cell (OSC) structures and materials. Then, some of the existing modelling approaches that have implemented either a one- or a two-dimensional drift-diffusion model to examine OSC structures are reviewed, and their reproducibility is examined. Both experimental and modelling approaches reviewed are particularly important for more and better designed research to probe practical procedural problems associated with OSCs that hinder the commercialization of OPV technology.
The Use of Herbal Remedies among Mothers of Young Children Living in the Central Appalachian Region
Authors: Alwhaibi Monira , Goyat Rashmi , Kelly Kimberly M.
Published: November 2017

Introduction. Women often use herbal remedies as a complement or alternative to traditional medicine. Guided by the Comprehensive Model of Information Seeking, this study examined use of herbal remedies among mothers of young children living in the Central Appalachian Region. Methods. A cross‐sectional study was conducted among mothers of young children (n = 178). The outcome measure of interest was the use of any herbal remedy in the past six months. Two scales were developed to measure information seeking channels and to measure beliefs about the safety/efficacy of herbal remedies. Results. One‐third reported using herbal remedies in the past six months, with fenugreek being the most common. Most reported using herbal remedies to increase breast milk production and to relieve cold/flu‐like symptoms. Women scoring highest in information seeking channels were three times as likely to use herbal remedies. Women scoring highest in the beliefs about the safety/efficacy of herbal remedies were four times as likely to use herbal remedies. Conclusion. Herbal remedies are commonly used among women living in the Central Appalachian Region, a region with lower education and income level. Therefore, public health interventions about the types, safety, and efficacy of herbal remedies may improve health within this population.
Constant Strain Rate Uniaxial Compression of Green Sandstone during SHPB Tests Driven by Pendulum Hammer
Authors: Li S. H. , Zhu W. C. , Niu L. L. , Dai F.
Published: November 2017

During the Split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests driven by pendulum hammer, employing a proper special shape striker is an effective way to obtain dynamic stress equilibrium condition and to get constant strain rate of the rock specimen. To find the proper special shape striker, a striker with a cambered surface was introduced and eight geometrically different hammers were designed to analyze the effect of hammer geometry on the waveform of excited incident stress waves. Based on experiments and simulations, parameter effects, including the cambered hammer curvature radius and hammer diameter, length, and impact velocity, on the incident wave shape were examined. These parametric studies provided guidelines for achieving constant strain rates in rock specimens during SHPB tests. The use of different diameter hammers was noted for shaping stress-time curves to follow the stress-strain behavior of green sandstone. Finally, to examine the applicability of using hammer geometry for shaping incident waves to achieve constant strain rate, SHPB tests on green sandstone specimens were conducted. The results demonstrated that a constant strain rate (100 s−1) lasting for 70 μs was achieved with the 8# hammer (3.7 kg; curvature radius, diameter, and length of 100, 70, and 126.3 mm, resp.). In addition, dynamic experiments on green sandstone were carried out under various strain rates and the results showed that the initial tangential modulus was almost unaffected by strain rate. The strain at peak stress tended to increase with rising strain rate and the dynamic strength of green sandstone showed an apparent rate dependency.
Celiac Disease in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis-Related Bone Disease
Authors: Putman Melissa S. , Haagensen Alexandra , Neuringer Isabel , Sicilian Leonard
Published: November 2017

Both cystic fibrosis (CF) and celiac disease can cause low bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures. Celiac disease may occur at a higher frequency in patients with CF than the general population, and symptoms of these conditions may overlap. We report on two patients presenting with CF-related bone disease in the past year who were subsequently found to have concurrent celiac disease. Because adherence to a gluten-free diet may improve BMD in patients with celiac disease, this could have important implications for treatment. Clinicians should consider screening for celiac disease in patients with CF who have low BMD, worsening BMD in the absence of other risk factors, and/or difficult to treat vitamin D deficiency.
SOX5-Null Heterozygous Mutation in a Family with Adult-Onset Hyperkinesia and Behavioral Abnormalities
Authors: Zech Michael , Poustka Katharina , Boesch Sylvia , Berutti Riccardo , Strom Tim M. , Grisold Wolfgang , Poewe Werner , Winkelmann Juliane
Published: October 2017

SOX5encodes a conserved transcription factor implicated in cell-fate decisions of the neural lineage.SOX5haploinsufficiency induced by larger genomic deletions has been linked to a recognizable pediatric syndrome combining developmental delay with intellectual disability, mild dysmorphism, inadequate behavior, and variable additional features including motor disturbances. In contrast toSOX5-involving deletions, examples of pathogenicSOX5small coding variations are sparse in the literature and have been described only in singular cases with phenotypic abnormalities akin to those seen in theSOX5microdeletion syndrome. Here a novelSOX5loss-of-function point mutation, c.13C>T (p.Arg5X), is reported, identified in the course of exome sequencing applied to the diagnosis of an unexplained adult-onset motor disorder. Aged 43 years, our female index patient demonstrated abrupt onset of mixed generalized hyperkinesia, with dystonic and choreiform movements being the most salient features. The movement disorder was accompanied by behavioral problems such as anxiety and mood instability. The mutation was found to be inherited to the patient’s son who manifested abnormal behavior including diminished social functioning, paranoid ideation, and anxiety since adolescence. Our results expand the compendium ofSOX5damaging single-nucleotide variation mutations and suggest that SOX5haploinsufficiency might not be restrictively associated with childhood-onset syndromic disease.
A Case of Ignatzschineria indica Bacteremia following Maggot Colonization
Authors: Muse Hugh , Jenkins Rachel L. , Oliver Meredith B. , Kim Soomin , Grantier Richard L. , Malhotra Bharat K. , Parham Jason J. , Stover Kayla R.
Published: November 2017

Ignatzschineria indica is a Gram-negative bacterium that is commonly associated with the larvae of flesh flies. I. indica is difficult to isolate in routine laboratory procedures but has been associated with neglected wounds infested with maggots, fever, elevated white blood count and C-reactive protein, and polymicrobial culture results. Other specific hematological/immunological changes are not known. We present a case of I. indica bacteremia and polymicrobial osteomyelitis resulting from infected decubitus ulcers. The patient improved after treatment with cefepime followed by levofloxacin.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Tetrahydrocarbazole Linked 1,2-Diazoles in Aqueous-Brønsted Acid Catalytic System
Authors: Sadiq Zubi , Hussain Erum Akbar , Naz Narjis , Ghani Ambreen , Yasmeen Kausar , Iqbal Fizzah
Published: October 2017

A new series of tetrahydrocarbazole coupled 1,2-diazoles 4/5/6(a–o) in moderate to excellent yield was synthesized successfully via multicomponent reaction approach by adopting Michael type-addition of hydrazines on in situ generated α,β-unsaturated ketones via aldol type strategy under synthetic microwave radiations and conventional heating. Structural confirmations of all the prepared compounds were achieved by spectroscopic techniques. The best results were achieved when equal amounts of water-acetic acid were used in microwave conditions in 4 minutes.
Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Elevated Levels of Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae Antibodies Are Associated with Higher Disease Activity in Colombian Patients with Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Romero-Sánchez C. , Bautista-Molano W. , Parra V. , De Avila J. , Rueda J. C. , Bello-Gualtero J. M. , Londoño J. , Valle-Oñate R.
Published: October 2017

Background. Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of articular inflammatory rheumatic diseases that their gastrointestinal manifestations are around 10% of their extra-articular symptoms, supporting that the inflammatory response of the intestinal mucosa could be associated with the clinical status. Objectives. To investigate the association between gastrointestinal symptoms and autoantibodies and disease activity between SpA patients, healthy subjects (HS), and patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods. 102 SpA patients, 29 IBD patients, and 117 HS were included. Autoantibodies as ASCA, ANCA, anti-tTG, anti-DGP, ANA, and IgA were measured. The patients were assessed to evaluate clinical and gastrointestinal symptoms. An association analysis was performed using Chi square test and a logistic regression. Results. Significant differences were found for ASCA levels in SpA (28.2%) compared to IBD (14.2%) and HS (6.0%) (p=0.029), as well as for ANAS in SpA (49.5%) and IBD (37.9%) (p<0.001) and abdominal pain (p=0.012) between SpA (54.3%) and IBD (27.5%). Significant associations were found between BASDAI > 4 and gastrointestinal symptoms (p<0.05) and IgA (p=0.007). The association for abdominal bloating was maintained (OR: 3.93, CI-95%, 1.14–13.56; p=0.030). Conclusions. Gastrointestinal symptoms, ASCA, ANAS, and IgA levels were associated with high disease activity in SpA compared with IBD and HS.
Extended VIKOR Method for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multiattribute Decision‐Making Based on a New Distance Measure
Authors: Luo Xiao , Wang Xuanzi
Published: October 2017

An intuitionistic fuzzy VIKOR (IF‐VIKOR) method is proposed based on a new distance measure considering the waver of intuitionistic fuzzy information. The method aggregates all individual decision‐makers’ assessment information based on intuitionistic fuzzy weighted averaging operator (IFWA), determines the weights of decision‐makers and attributes objectively using intuitionistic fuzzy entropy, calculates the group utility and individual regret by the new distance measure, and then reaches a compromise solution. It can be effectively applied to multiattribute decision‐making (MADM) problems where the weights of decision‐makers and attributes are completely unknown and the attribute values are intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IFNs). The validity and stability of this method are verified by example analysis and sensitivity analysis, and its superiority is illustrated by the comparison with the existing method.
Immune Dysfunction in HIV: A Possible Role for Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in HIV Staging
Authors: Akase Iorhen Ephraim , Musa Bolanle O. P. , Obiako Reginald Onyedumarakwe , Ahmad Elfulatiy Abdurrahman , Mohammed Abdullahi Asara
Published: November 2017

HIV infection is a chronic infection that almost inevitably progresses to AIDS. The infection is characterized by the deterioration in the immune function leading to opportunistic infections and malignancies. Additionally, there is an associated immune dysfunction characterized by a persistent inflammatory state and unhealthy elaboration of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The CD4+ T cell count has been used as a surrogate for the level of immune dysfunction that exists in patients with HIV infection. Eighty-eight (88) patients with HIV infection, forty-four (44) of whom were treatment naïve patients and forty-four (44) who were treatment-experienced patients, were recruited. The serum concentrations of cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 were carried out using R&D human Quantikine ELISA kits, while patients’ CD4+ T cell counts were evaluated using the Partec easy count kit. The serum IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were significantly higher among the AR-naïve participants compared to the ART-experienced group. Additionally, the IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were higher in patients with lower CD4+ T cell count compared to those with higher cell counts though this was not statistically significant. Also, both IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were higher in patients with higher WHO clinical staging of disease, significantly so for IL-6.
Endometritis andIn VitroPGE2Challenge Modify Properties of Cattle Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Transcriptomic Profile
Authors: Lara Evelyn , Velásquez Alejandra , Cabezas Joel , Rivera Nathaly , Pacha Paulina , Rodríguez-Alvarez Lleretny , Saravia Fernando , Castro Fidel Ovidio
Published: October 2017

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated and characterized from postpartum bovine endometrium of animals with subclinical (n=5) and clinical endometritis (n=3) and healthy puerperal females (n=5). Cells isolated displayed mean morphological features of MSCs and underwent osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation after induction (healthy and subclinical). Cells from cows with clinical endometritis did not undergo adipogenic differentiation. All cells expressed mRNAs for selected MSC markers. Endometrial MSCs were challenged in vitro with PGE2at concentrations of 0, 1, 3, and 10 μM, and their global transcriptomic profile was studied. Overall, 1127 genes were differentially expressed between unchallenged cells and cells treated with PGE2at all concentrations (763 up- and 364 downregulated, fold change > 2, andP<0.05). The pathways affected the most by the PGE2challenge were immune response, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. In conclusion, we demonstrated that healthy puerperal bovine endometrium contains MSCs and that endometritis modifies and limits some functional characteristics of these cells, such as their ability to proceed to adipogenic differentiation. Also, PGE2, an inflammatory mediator of endometritis, modifies the transcriptomic profile of endometrial MSCs. A similar situation may occur during inflammation associated with endometritis, therefore affecting the main properties of endometrial MSCs.
The Factorization for a Class of Hom-Coalgebras
Authors: Dong Lihong , Xue Shuan , Zhang Xiaohui
Published: October 2017

Let (H,α) be a Hom-Hopf algebra and (C,β) a Hom-coalgebra. In this paper, we first introduce the notions of Hom-crossed coproduct C ⋊λ H and cleft coextension and then discuss the equivalence between them. Furthermore, we discuss the relation between cleft coextension and Hom-module coalgebra with the Hom-Hopf module structure and obtain a Hom-coalgebra factorization for Hom-module coalgebra with the Hom-Hopf module structure.
Air Bubble Technique for Fundus Visualization during Vitrectomy in Aphakia
Authors: Farouk Mahmoud Mohamed , Naito Takeshi , Elagouz Mohammed , Ammar Hatem , Alsmman Alahmady Hamad , Mostafa Engy Mohamed
Published: October 2017

Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of air bubble technique for vitrectomy in aphakia. Study Design. Prospective interventional uncontrolled case series. Methods. This study included 53 eyes of 53 patients who are phakic and indicated for phacovitrectomy (7 eyes, group 1), aphakic and indicated for vitrectomy (22 eyes, group 2), or underwent unplanned vitrectomy for immediate management of a phacoemulsification surgery complicated by rupture posterior capsule with dropped nucleus, fragments, or IOL (24 eyes, group 3). Cases with complicated vitreoretinal pathology were not included in this study. All vitrectomy surgeries were conducted by the air bubble technique in the anterior chamber. Main outcomes included anatomical success, visual acuity, and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Results. The surgical success was achieved in 50 eyes (94.3%). Conversion to BIOM viewing system was needed in the retinal detachment cases of groups 1 and 2. The mean overall LogMAR visual acuity was significantly improved from 1.29 ± 0.58 preoperatively to 0.56 ± 0.19 at the final visit, 6 months postoperatively (P<0.001). Conclusion. The air bubble technique as visualization method for vitrectomy in aphakia is an effective and cheap technique for immediate management of complications of phacoemulsification surgery. This trial is registered with Pan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR201709002466296.
Rapid Analyses of Polyetheretherketone Wear Characteristics by Accelerated Wear Testing with Microfabricated Surfaces for Artificial Joint Systems
Authors: Su Chen-Ying , Kuo Chien-Wei , Fang Hsu-Wei
Published: November 2017

Wear particle-induced biological responses are the major factors resulting in the loosening and then failure of total joint arthroplasties. It is feasible to improve the lubrication and reduce the wear of artificial joint system. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is considered as a potential bearing material due to its mechanical characteristics of resistance to fatigue strain. The PEEK wear particles have been indicated to be involved in biological responses in vitro, and further studies regarding the wear phenomena and wear particle generation are needed. In this study, we have established an accelerated wear testing system with microfabricated surfaces. Various contact pressures and lubricants have been utilized in the accelerated wear tests. Our results showed that increasing contact pressure resulted in an increase of wear particle sizes and wear rate, and the size of PEEK wear particles can be controlled by the feature size of microfabricated surfaces. These results provided the information rapidly about factors that affect the morphology and amount of PEEK wear particles and can be applied in the future for application of PEEK on the biological articulation system.
Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma of the Ileum
Authors: Rangan Aruna , Grahn Sarah W. , Feldman Andrew L.
Published: November 2017

Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a rare lymphoma derived from germinal center B lymphocytes that typically presents with localized lymph node involvement and can mimic a variety of both reactive and other neoplastic conditions. Extranodal involvement is uncommon in NLPHL and typically occurs in the context of previously documented or synchronous nodal disease. Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is exceedingly rare. Here, we present the first case to our knowledge of NLPHL involving the ileum that was discovered incidentally on routine screening colonoscopy in an asymptomatic patient. An awareness of the spectrum of clinical presentations, careful morphologic evaluation, and a comprehensive panel of immunohistochemical stains are essential for correct diagnosis of NLPHL presenting in unusual anatomic sites.
Immediate Early Response Gene X‐1 (IEX‐1) Mediates Ischemic Preconditioning‐Induced Cardioprotection in Rats
Authors: Xu Ming-Jiang , Cai Yan , Qu Aijuan , Shyy John Y.-J. , Li Wenjing , Wang Xian
Published: October 2017

Reversible myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) or ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is associated with an immediate genomic response; IPC‐induced immediate early genes are associated with reduced infarct size. Because the immediate early response gene X‐1 (IEX‐1) plays a central role in cell apoptosis, we examine whether IEX‐1 exerts protective effects against I/R injury. We found that the IEX‐1 mRNA level was increased in the IPC‐imposed rat heart. However, it was downregulated in the I/R rat heart, which was prevented by in situ IPC. When IEX‐1 was knocked down, the protective effects imposed by IPC were lessened. Local gene delivery of Ad‐IEX‐1 to the left ventricle greatly diminished cardiac infarct size and improved systolic functions of I/R hearts in rats. In contrast, knocking down IEX‐1 expression exacerbates myocardial infarction. Overexpression of IEX‐1 in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes significantly reduced hypoxia‐reoxygenation‐induced intracellular and mitochondrial ROS accumulation and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, IPC‐induced phosphorylation and particle translocation of PKCε were impaired by knocking down IEX‐1 in vivo, and overexpressing IEX‐1 showed similar cardioprotection imposed by IPC. Our results demonstrate that IPC increases IEX‐1 expression, which may promote phosphorylation and particle translocation of PKCε and thus reduce intracellular ROS accumulation. These beneficial effects reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis and necrosis to alleviate cardiac infarction.
Feasibility of Round Window Stimulation by a Novel Electromagnetic Microactuator
Authors: van Drunen Wouter Johannes , Mueller Mathias , Glukhovskoy Anatoly , Salcher Rolf , Wurz Marc Christopher , Lenarz Thomas , Maier Hannes
Published: October 2017

Introduction. Most implantable hearing aids currently available were developed to compensate the sensorineural hearing loss by driving middle ear structures (e.g., the ossicles). These devices are successfully used in round window (RW) stimulation clinically, although this was initially not the intended use. Here, a novel microactuator, specifically designed for RW stimulation, was tested in human temporal bones to determine actuator performance and applicability.Methods. Stapes footplate response to RW stimulation was determined experimentally in human temporal bones and the obtained sound pressure output level was estimated.Results. The actuator had a flat displacement response between 0.125 and 4 kHz, a resonance between 4 and 7 kHz, and a roll-off above. At increasing contact force, the stapes footplate displacement decreased by 5–10 dB reμm for forces ≥ 2 mN. The equivalent sound pressure level between 0.125 and 4 kHz amounted to 87–97 eq dB SPL and increased to 117 eq dB SPL for frequencies of 4–7 kHz. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the actuator ranged within 15–40% for static forces of 5 mN.Conclusion. The feasibility of an electromagnetic actuator that may be placed into the RW niche was demonstrated but requires further optimization in terms of THD and static force sensitivity.
Adaptive Fuzzy Synchronization of Fractional-Order Chaotic (Hyperchaotic) Systems with Input Saturation and Unknown Parameters
Authors: Liu Heng , Chen Ye , Li Guanjun , Xiang Wei , Xu Guangkui
Published: November 2017

We investigate the synchronization problem of fractional-order chaotic systems with input saturation and unknown external disturbance by means of adaptive fuzzy control. An adaptive controller, accompanied with fractional adaptation law, is established, fuzzy logic systems are used to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions, and the fractional Lyapunov stability theorem is used to analyze the stability. This control method can realize the synchronization of two fractional-order chaotic or hyperchaotic systems and the synchronization error tends to zero asymptotically. Finally, we show the effectiveness of the proposed method by two simulation examples.
Systems Pharmacological Approach to the Effect of Bulsu-san Promoting Parturition
Authors: Suh Su Yeon , An Won G.
Published: October 2017

Bulsu-san (BSS) has been commonly used in oriental medicine for pregnant women in East Asia. The purpose of this research was to elucidate the effect of BSS on ease of parturition using a systems‐level in silico analytic approach. Research results show that BSS is highly connected to the parturition related pathways, biological processes, and organs. There were numerous interactions between most compounds of BSS and multiple target genes, and this was confirmed using herb‐compound‐target network, target‐pathway network, and gene ontology analysis. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of relevant target genes of BSS was elevated significantly in related organ tissues, such as those of the uterus, placenta, fetus, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland. This study used a network analytical approach to demonstrate that Bulsu‐san (BSS) is closely related to the parturition related pathways, biological processes, and organs. It is meaningful that this systems‐level network analysis result strengthens the basis of clinical applications of BSS on ease of parturition.
Determination of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Hyperactivation as Prognostic Factor in Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Lamberti G. , Ceccarelli C. , Brighi N. , Maggio I. , Santini D. , Mosconi C. , Ricci C. , Biasco G. , Campana D.
Published: October 2017

Purpose. To evaluate the role of the activation of mTOR (phosphorylated mTOR, p-mTOR) and the expression SSTR2A and IGF-1R as prognostic factor in well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted on data from patients with diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor originated from pancreas (pNET) or gastrointestinal tract (stomach, appendix, and ileus; GI-NET) made between January 2003 and December 2004 and followed up at our institution. Archival material should be available for revision according to WHO 2010 neuroendocrine tumor classification and for p-mTOR, SSTR2A, and IGF-1R immunostaining, calculating a quantitative score (QS). We evaluated clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemistry features for association with the presence of advanced disease at diagnosis and disease relapse in patients who have undergone radical surgery. Results. Archival material from 64 patients was analyzed (37 pNETs and 27 GI-NETs). In these patients, G2 grading, low SSTR2A QS, and high p-mTOR QS were associated with advanced disease at diagnosis at multivariate analysis. Risk of recurrence in 49 patients with R0-resected tumors was higher for G2 grading, stage IIIB-IV, low IGF-1R QS, and high p-mTOR QS at univariate analysis. Conclusions. With the limits of retrospective data, activation of m-TOR is correlated with advanced disease at diagnosis and with shorter disease-free survival after R0 resection. Validation through prospective studies is needed.