bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cluster analysis reveals distinct patterns of saccade impairment and their relation to cognitive profiles in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Waldthaler Josefine , Stock Lena , Krüger‐Zechlin Charlotte , Deeb Zain , Timmermann Lars
Published: December 2022

Saccade performance has been reported to be altered in Parkinson's disease (PD), however, with a large variability between studies as both motor and cognitive impairment interfere with oculomotor control. The aim of this study was to identify different patterns in saccade alterations in PD using a data‐driven approach and to explore their relationship with cognitive phenotypes. Sixty‐one participants with PD and 25 controls performed eye‐tracking (horizontal and vertical prosaccades, antisaccades) and neuropsychological testing. Hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to the eye‐tracking data to subsequently compare the clusters based on demographical, clinical and cognitive characteristics. The three identified clusters of saccade alterations differed in cognitive profiles from healthy controls, but not in PD‐related motor symptoms or demographics. The rate of directive errors in the antisaccade task was increased in clusters 1 and 2. Further, cluster 1 was defined by a general disinhibition of reflexive saccades and executive dysfunction in the neuropsychological evaluation. In cluster 2, prolonged saccade latencies and hypometria were accompanied by multidomain cognitive impairment. The cluster 3 showed increased antisaccade latency and vertical hypometria despite lack of evidence for cognitive impairment. Our results suggest that there may be at least two opposing patterns of saccade alterations associated with cognitive impairment in PD, which may explain some of the contradictory results of previous studies.
A mixed blessing? State mindfulness change, ego depletion and counterproductive work behaviour
Authors: Zheng Xiaoming , Ni Dan , Liu Xin , Zhang Mengyi
Published: December 2022

A growing body of research has documented the negative relationship between mindfulness and ego depletion. However, most of this research has taken a static view while ignoring the effects of mindfulness temporal changes at work. Thus, it is unclear whether the relationship between mindfulness change and ego depletion is still negative when this factor is added into the mix. To address this issue, we examine mindfulness change at the within‐person level (mindfulness shift) and the between‐person level (mindfulness variability) and explore their distinctive impacts on ego depletion and subsequently on counterproductive work behaviour (CWB). Drawing on ego depletion theory and mindfulness research, we propose that an upshift in mindfulness is negatively related to employee ego depletion and CWB at the within‐person level, whereas high chronic mindfulness variability is positively related to employee ego depletion and CWB at the between‐person level. To test our hypotheses, we used an experience sampling methodology to collect three‐wave data within a day from 166 employees over 10 consecutive workdays. At the within‐person level, we observed a negative and indirect effect of an upshift in daily mindfulness on daily CWB via daily ego depletion. At the between‐person level, we found a positive and indirect effect of chronic mindfulness variability on chronic CWB via chronic ego depletion.
Retraining programme for older patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Leung Wai Yin , Ng Marques S. N. , Hau Anthony K. C. , So Winnie K. W.
Published: December 2022

Background

Peritonitis is a common cause of hospitalisation and death among patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Periodic retraining is recommended to prevent peritonitis, especially in older adults.

Objectives

We evaluated the effectiveness of a retraining programme for reducing peritonitis and exit site infection rates in older adults on peritoneal dialysis. The cost–benefit ratio was also calculated.

Design

A two‐arm prospective randomised controlled trial.

Participants

One hundred and thirty patients aged 55 years or older were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. While both groups received usual care, the intervention group received a retraining programme (a knowledge and practical assessment and a one‐on‐one retraining session) 90 days after starting home‐based continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis therapy.

Measurements

The outcomes included peritonitis rate, exit site infection rate and direct medical costs at 180, 270, and 360 days after starting home‐based continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis therapy.

Results

No significant differences were found in the baseline characteristics between groups. The peritonitis rates were 0.11 episodes per patient‐year in the intervention group versus 0.13 in the control group. The incidence of exit site infection was 20.0% in the intervention group and 12.3% in the control group. The cost–benefit ratio of retraining was 1:9.6. None of the results were statistically significant.

Conclusions

The absence of statistical significance may be partly explained by the premature termination of the study. Large‐scale multi‐centre trials are warranted to examine the effectiveness of retraining. The timing and long‐term effects of retraining also need to be examined.
Live music during haemodialysis: A multiple methods randomised controlled pilot study
Authors: Bro Margrethe Langer , Finderup Jeanette , Smilde Rineke , Dreyer Pia , Gram Bibi
Published: December 2022

Background

Fatigue is an immense problem among patients undergoing haemodialysis and is associated with anxiety and depression. Live music used in different hospital settings has shown promising effects, but the feasibility and potential effectiveness of live music during haemodialysis are unknown.

Objectives

To evaluate the feasibility, the participants' musical experience and potential effectiveness of live music on patients’ levels of fatigue, relaxation, anxiety, depression, treatment satisfaction and work engagement among nurses.

Design

A pilot randomised controlled trial evaluated with a multiple methods design.

Participants

Two clusters of 12 patients were each randomised to receive either 30 min of live music once a week during haemodialysis or usual care over a period of 6 weeks.

Measurements

The primary outcome was patients' immediate fatigue. Other outcomes were patients' long‐term and post‐dialysis fatigue, relaxation, anxiety, depression, treatment satisfaction and work engagement among nurses. Observations and semi‐structured interviews with patients, nurses and musicians were conducted to gain an in‐depth understanding of the musical experience as well as feasibility.

Results

The study was feasible and detected significant differences on immediate fatigue (p < 0.001) and anxiety (p < 0.012) in the intervention group compared to controls. Among 17 nurses, a significant difference was found in Dedication (p < 0.024). Furthermore, live music gave patients an uplifting experience, bringing joy and relaxation and the nurses experienced a sense of quietness in a stressful day.

Conclusions

Providing live music performed by professional musicians in a haemodialysis setting is feasible and showed a significant effect on immediate fatigue and anxiety compared to controls.
Application of nursing presence to family‐centered care: Supporting nursing practice in pediatric oncology
Authors: Mcharo Solomon K. , Spurr Shelley , Bally Jill , Peacock Shelley , Holtslander Lorraine , Walker Keith
Published: December 2022

Purpose

In pediatric care settings, family‐centered care (FCC) is an integral way to ensure family involvement in their child's care and has been known to improve health outcomes and families' psychosocial well‐being. Similarly, nursing presence is deemed beneficial in the formation of authentic nurse–patient relationships and is known to facilitate healing and improve satisfaction for the patient and their family. The objective of this article is to explore how nursing presence supports FCC by closely examining the four concepts of FCC as described by Institute for Patient‐ and Family‐Centered Care: dignity and respect, information sharing, participation, and collaboration. A case study is also presented to demonstrate how nursing presence can be applied in FCC, when caring for a pediatric oncology patient.

Conclusion

Nursing presence is essential in FCC since it plays a key role in the formation of relationships, a fundamental element in the four concepts. Attributes of nursing presence can be interwoven in the FCC framework and have positive clinical, social, and emotional outcomes for the patient and family. Although literature has explored associations between FCC and nursing presence, there is need for more scientific research to justify this argument to support the improvement of quality of family nursing care and strengthen the FCC model.

Practice Implications

The four concepts of FCC lay a foundation for a model of care that can be enhanced by nursing presence, potentially providing a remedy for depersonalization of healthcare by improving nurse patient relationships in pediatric care settings. Nursing presence becomes less ambiguous when enacted in a FCC framework, revealing attributes that may be cultivated in family nursing to improve therapeutic relationships among nurses and family caregivers.
The role of serum sphingolipids as potential biomarkers of non‐response to direct acting antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Röhrig Aissa Miriam , Jakobi Katja , Dietz Julia , Thomas Dominique , Herrmann Eva , Welsch Christoph , Sarrazin Christoph , Pfeilschifter Josef , Zeuzem Stefan , Grammatikos Georgios
Published: December 2022

Elimination strategies of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection aim to optimize the high antiviral potency of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs). Sphingolipids (SLs) constitute bioactive lipid compounds with a remarkable second messenger potential. SL levels associate with responsiveness to interferon treatment in HCV‐patients, thus prompting the question whether failure to DAAs can be predicted by the serologic sphingolipidomic profile. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was used to retrospectively quantify various sphingolipid metabolites in baseline serum samples of 97 chronic HCV patients with DAA failure compared with an age‐matched cohort of 95 HCV‐patients with sustained virological response (SVR). Sphingosine, sphinganine, sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) and sphinganine‐1‐phosphate (SA1P) serum concentrations were significantly upregulated at baseline in patients with DAA failure compared to patients with SVR. Similarly, GluC24:1Cer baseline levels were significantly upregulated in patients with DAA failure compared to the patients with SVR. However, GluC18Cer serum levels showed decreased baseline levels for patients with DAA failure compared to patients with SVR. In multivariate analysis sphinganine (OR 0.08494, CI 0.07393–0.9759, p = .021223), SA1P (OR 0.9818, CI 0.9653–0.9987, p = .034801), GluCerC18 (OR 1.0683, CI 1.0297–1.1104, p = .000786) and GluCer24:1 (OR 0.9961, CI 0.994–0.998, p = .000294) constituted independent predictors of treatment response. In conclusion, serum sphingolipid concentrations, in particular sphingosine, sphinganine and their derivatives S1P and SA1P as well as glucosylceramides may identify at baseline the minority of HCV patients with DAA failure. Serum sphingolipids could constitute additional biomarkers for national treatment strategies aiming to eliminate HCV infection.
Rifaximin stimulates nitrogen detoxification by PXR‐independent mechanisms in human small intestinal organoids
Authors: de Wit Koos , Beuers Ulrich , Mukha Anna , Stigter Edwin C. A. , Gulersonmez M. Can , Ramos Pittol Jose M. , Middendorp Sabine , Takkenberg R. Bart , van Mil Saskia W. C.
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims

Recurrent hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is characterized by hyperammonaemia in combination with neuropsychiatric abnormalities and is treated with lactulose and rifaximin. Rifaximin is a pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonist with low systemic and high intestinal bioavailability. The mechanisms by which it alleviates HE are unclear. We used human small intestinal (hSI) organoids to study whether rifaximin, via PXR activation, affects the epithelial biotransformation machinery, and to gain understanding of its low systemic availability.

Methods

We generated PXR knockdown hSI organoids via lentiviral delivery of short hairpin RNAs. Organoids were cultured for 24 h with rifaximin or rifampicin. RNA‐sequencing and metabolomics were performed to analyse gene expression and amino acid metabolism. Luminal rifaximin was quantified by photospectrometry.

Results

Treatment of wild‐type hSI organoids with rifaximin resulted in >twofold differential expression of 131 genes compared to DMSO. These effects were largely PXR independent and related to amino acid metabolism. Rifaximin decreased expression of glutaminase‐2 and increased expression of asparagine synthetase and solute carrier 7A11, thereby increasing intracellular glutamine and asparagine concentrations, indicating active ammonia detoxification. Rifaximin was apically excreted into the lumen in an ATP binding cassette B1 (ABCB1)‐dependent manner.

Conclusions

Rifaximin—after uptake into enterocytes—stimulates intracellular nitrogen detoxification by PXR‐independent mechanisms. Active apical excretion of rifaximin by ABCB1 into the intestinal lumen explains its low systemic bioavailability. Our study implies that rifaximin, next to modulation of the microbiome, has direct effects on ammonia scavenging in the human small intestinal epithelium.
Askival: An altered feldspathic cumulate sample in Gale crater
Authors: Bowden Donald Lewis , Bridges John C. , Cousin Agnes , Rapin William , Semprich Julia , Gasnault Olivier , Forni Olivier , Gasda Patrick , Das Debarati , Payré Valerie , Sautter Violaine , Bedford Candice C. , Wiens Roger C. , Pinet Patrick , Frydenvang Jens
Published: December 2022

Askival is a light‐toned, coarsely crystalline float rock, which was identified near the base of Vera Rubin Ridge in Gale crater. We have studied Askival, principally with the ChemCam instrument but also using APXS compositional data and MAHLI images. Askival and an earlier identified sample, Bindi, represent two rare examples of feldspathic cumulate float rocks in Gale crater with >65% relict plagioclase. Bindi appears unaltered whereas Askival shows textural and compositional signatures of silicification, along with alkali remobilization and hydration. Askival likely experienced multiple stages of alteration, occurring first through acidic hydrolysis of metal cations, followed by deposition of silica and possible phyllosilicates at low T and neutral‐alkaline pH. Through laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy compositional analyses and normative calculations, we suggest that an assemblage of Fe‐Mg silicates including amphibole and pyroxene, Fe phases, and possibly Mg‐rich phyllosilicate are present. Thermodynamic modeling of the more pristine Bindi composition predicts that amphibole and feldspar are stable within an upper crustal setting. This is consistent with the presence of amphibole in the parent igneous rocks of Askival and suggests that the paucity of amphiboles in other known Martian samples reflects the lack of representative samples of the Martian crust rather than their absence on Mars.
Insights into the petrogenetic history of the Northwest Africa 7635 augite‐rich shergottite
Authors: Herd Christopher D. K.
Published: December 2022

The petrogenesis of the Northwest Africa (NWA) 7635 Martian meteorite involved the entrainment of xenocrystic olivine grains into a relatively magnesian and oxidized melt, followed by a redox‐dependent reaction between olivine and melt that resulted in the crystallization of orthopyroxene and magnetite. Subsequent crystallization of the melt began with augite, plagioclase, and magnetite phenocrysts, and was followed by crystallization of augite, plagioclase, magnetite, ilmenite, and pyrrhotite in the groundmass, which took place under more rapid conditions of cooling, as reflected in the groundmass grain size. The petrogenetic history of NWA 7635 is similar in many ways to that of NWA 8159; this observation, coupled with similarities in geochemical and isotopic characteristics from other studies, suggests that the parent melts of the two rocks—as represented by all minerals except the xenocrystic olivine—were one and the same. The main distinctions between the two rocks are that their parent melts entrained xenocrystic olivine of different composition, and the cooling rate of the groundmass of NWA 7635 was more rapid than that of NWA 8159. The conclusion that the redox reaction took place between olivine and melt is in contrast to other work that suggests the reaction took place in the subsolidus, and has implications for the nature of the reaction in both NWA 7635 and NWA 8159.
A family perspective on parental psychosis: An interpretative phenomenological analysis study
Authors: Radley Jessica , Barlow Jane , Johns Louise C.
Published: December 2022

Objectives

While one third of people with a psychotic disorder are a parent, there has been little research to date examining the consequences of this from a whole family perspective. This study investigates families where a parent has experienced an episode of psychosis and compares and contrasts the family members' perspectives.

Design

This study was rooted in phenomenology and data were derived from in‐depth semi‐structured interviews.

Methods

Parents with a psychotic disorder who had a child aged between 3 and 11 in a UK NHS Trust were invited to take part in the study. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with these parents, with their child (if they were between the ages of 8 and 11), and with their partner or another close family member. Data were analysed using multiperspectival interpretive phenomenological analysis (m‐IPA).

Results

Thirteen participants took part comprising of five parents, four children, three partners and one grandmother. Four themes were developed using m‐IPA: (1) Parental psychosis impacts the whole family, (2) Psychosis and my role as a parent, (3) Secrecy and concealment surrounding parental psychosis, and (4) Pressures and vulnerabilities within the family system.

Conclusion

Psychosis had a negative impact on all family members and secrecy existed between family members. The children in particular only had partial information about their parent's mental illness, which left them worried and confused. More work is needed to support these families to explain psychosis to the children.
Partial vertical ownership in the presence of downstream competition
Authors: Fang Fang , Jiang Baojun , Sun Jiong
Published: December 2022

Firms sometimes acquire partial ownership of their upstream suppliers. Such ownership entails no direct control over the target firm's decision‐making; however, both firms might change their pricing strategies after forming a partial ownership relationship. This paper studies the economic impacts of partial vertical ownership (PVO) in a market with downstream competition, where a manufacturer supplies two competing retailers. We find that dividend payments between firms can alter firms’ incentives in their operational decisions and, hence, serve as an “invisible hand” to downstream competition and vertical interaction. We show that a higher PVO percentage can have both positive and negative effects because the acquiring retailer's gain from PVO depends on not only its own sales but also the competitor's sales. Thus, the PVO decision (i.e., the percentage of ownership to acquire) has an inverted U‐shaped effect on the resulting profit for both the acquiring retailer and the manufacturer, which implies an intermediate PVO percentage in equilibrium. Second, the relative strength of the positive and negative effects depends on the acquiring retailer's competitive position. We show that the manufacturer prefers establishing PVO with the retailer with a valuation disadvantage because the disadvantaged retailer can obtain more benefits from PVO and is willing to pay higher than the competitor. Last, we find that consumers benefit from PVO when the acquiring retailer is the retailer with a valuation advantage but may become worse off when the disadvantaged retailer acquires PVO. Our research provides managers with guidance on the optimal PVO percentage and policymakers with insights on regulating PVOs for consumer protection.
Rationing scarce healthcare capacity: A study of the ventilator allocation guidelines during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Anderson David R. , Aydinliyim Tolga , Bjarnadóttir Margrét V. , Çil Eren B. , Anderson Michaela R.
Published: December 2022

In the United States, even though national guidelines for allocating scarce healthcare resources are lacking, 26 states have specific ventilator allocation guidelines to be invoked in case of a shortage. While several states developed their guidelines in response to the recent COVID‐19 pandemic, New York State developed these guidelines in 2015 as “pandemic influenza is a foreseeable threat, one that we cannot ignore.” The primary objective of this study is to assess the existing procedures and priority rules in place for allocating/rationing scarce ventilator capacity and propose alternative (and improved) priority schemes. We first build machine learning models using inpatient records of COVID‐19 patients admitted to New York‐Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center and an affiliated community health center to predict survival probabilities as well as ventilator length‐of‐use. Then, we use the resulting point estimators and their uncertainties as inputs for a multiclass priority queueing model with abandonments to assess three priority schemes: (i) SOFA‐P (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment based prioritization), which most closely mimics the existing practice by prioritizing patients with sufficiently low SOFA scores; (ii) ISP (incremental survival probability), which assigns priority based on patient‐level survival predictions; and (iii) ISP‐LU (incremental survival probability per length‐of‐use), which takes into account survival predictions and resource use duration. Our findings highlight that our proposed priority scheme, ISP‐LU, achieves a demonstrable improvement over the other two alternatives. Specifically, the expected number of survivals increases and death risk while waiting for ventilator use decreases. We also show that ISP‐LU is a robust priority scheme whose implementation yields a Pareto‐improvement over both SOFA‐P and ISP in terms of maximizing saved lives after mechanical ventilation while limiting racial disparity in access to the priority queue.
Retrospective Computations of Price Index Numbers: Theory and Application
Authors: von Auer Ludwig , Shumskikh Alena
Published: December 2022

Due to outdated weighting information, a Laspeyres‐based consumer price index (CPI) is prone to accumulating upward bias. Therefore, the present study introduces and examines simple and transparent revision approaches that retrospectively address the source of the bias. They provide a consistent long‐run time series of the CPI and require no additional information. Furthermore, a coherent decomposition of the bias into the contributions of individual product groups is developed. In a case study, the approaches are applied to a Laspeyres‐based CPI. The empirical results confirm the theoretical predictions. The proposed revision approaches are adoptable not only to most national CPIs but also to other price‐level measures such as the producer price index or the import and export price indices.
Effects of intercropping and drought on soil aggregation and associated organic carbon and nitrogen
Authors: Peng Yumei , Xu Huasen , Wang Zi , Li Long , Shang Jianying , Li Baoguo , Wang Xiang
Published: December 2022

Drought has significant effects on soil physicochemical properties and thereby crop productivity. Intercropping is a traditional agricultural practice with a good ecological effect and can improve soil structure. However, the effects of intercropping on soil aggregate distribution and associated organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) compared with monoculture under drought remains unclear. Therefore, a two‐year controlled rainfall field (i.e., 30–40 days of 100% rainfall reduction during crop growth) was carried out to examine the effects of intercropping and short‐term drought on soil aggregate stability and associated OC and N in Northeast China. Results showed that soil OC and N were predominant in macroaggregates (2–0.25 mm), accounting for 39%–51% of SOC, 36%–51% of N at 0–10 cm depth, and 44%–67% of SOC, 43%–66% of N at 10–20 cm depth. After 2 years of a rainfall reduction treatment, large macroaggregates (>2 mm) increased by 84.7% at 0–10 cm and the aggregate stability improved. There was no difference in the mass of aggregates between monoculture and intercropping, but short‐term drought increased >0.25 mm aggregates and stability in intercropping soil at 0–10 cm depth. Moreover, drought significantly increased bulk soil OC in 10–20 cm but decreased the OC and N concentrations in large macroaggregates and silt + clay fractions (<0.053 mm) in 0–10 cm. Compared with the monoculture, intercropping enhanced OC and N concentrations in aggregates, and decreased soil C/N ratio. Therefore, these findings provide insights into how intercropping and short‐term drought interactively influence soil aggregation, and C and N processes.
Changes in operation of postural networks in rabbits with postural functions recovered after lateral hemisection of the spinal cord
Authors: Zelenin Pavel V. , Lyalka Vladimir F. , Deliagina Tatiana G.
Published: December 2022

Acute lateral hemisection of the spinal cord (LHS) severely impairs postural functions, which recover over time. Here, to reveal changes in the operation of postural networks underlying the recovery, male rabbits with recovered postural functions after LHS at T12 (R‐rabbits) were used. After decerebration, we characterized the responses of individual spinal interneurons from L5 along with hindlimb EMG responses to stimulation causing postural limb reflexes (PLRs) that substantially contribute to postural corrections in intact animals. The data were compared with those obtained in our previous studies of rabbits with the intact spinal cord and rabbits after acute LHS. Although, in R‐rabbits, the EMG responses to postural disturbances both ipsilateral and contralateral to the LHS (ipsi‐LHS and co‐LHS) were only slightly distorted, PLRs on the co‐LHS side (unaffected by acute LHS) were distorted substantially and PLRs on the ipsi‐LHS side (abolished by acute LHS) were close to control. Thus, in R‐rabbits, plastic changes develop in postural networks both affected and unaffected by acute LHS. PLRs on the ipsi‐LHS side recover mainly as a result of changes at brainstem–cerebellum–spinal levels, whereas the forebrain is substantially involved in the generation of PLRs on the co‐LHS side. We found that, in areas of grey matter in which the activity of spinal neurons of the postural network was significantly decreased after acute LHS, it recovered to the control level, whereas, in areas unaffected by acute LHS, it was significantly changed. These changes underlie the recovery and distortion of PLRs on the ipsi‐LHS and co‐LHS sides, respectively.

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Key points

After lateral hemisection of the spinal cord (LHS), postural functions recover over time. The underlying changes in the operation of postural networks are unknown.

We compared the responses of individual spinal neurons and hindlimb muscles to stimulation causing postural limb reflexes (PLRs) in recovered LHS‐rabbits with those obtained in rabbits with the intact spinal cord and rabbits after acute LHS.

We demonstrated that changes underlying the recovery of postural functions take place not only in postural networks that are severely impaired, but also in those that are almost unaffected by acute LHS.

PLRs on the LHS side recover mainly as a result of changes at brainstem–cerebellum–spinal levels, whereas the forebrain is substantially involved in the generation of PLRs contralateral to the LHS.
Mechanisms underlying divergent relationships between Ca2+ and YAP/TAZ signalling
Authors: Khalilimeybodi A. , Fraley S.I. , Rangamani P.
Published: December 2022

Yes‐associated protein (YAP) and its homologue TAZ are transducers of several biochemical and biomechanical signals, integrating multiplexed inputs from the microenvironment into higher level cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation and migration. Emerging evidence suggests that Ca2+ is a key second messenger that connects microenvironmental input signals and YAP/TAZ regulation. However, studies that directly modulate Ca2+ have reported contradictory YAP/TAZ responses: in some studies, a reduction in Ca2+ influx increases the activity of YAP/TAZ, while in others, an increase in Ca2+ influx activates YAP/TAZ. Importantly, Ca2+ and YAP/TAZ exhibit distinct spatiotemporal dynamics, making it difficult to unravel their connections from a purely experimental approach. In this study, we developed a network model of Ca2+‐mediated YAP/TAZ signalling to investigate how temporal dynamics and crosstalk of signalling pathways interacting with Ca2+ can alter the YAP/TAZ response, as observed in experiments. By including six signalling modules (e.g. GPCR, IP3‐Ca2+, kinases, RhoA, F‐actin and Hippo‐YAP/TAZ) that interact with Ca2+, we investigated both transient and steady‐state cell response to angiotensin II and thapsigargin stimuli. The model predicts that stimuli, Ca2+ transients and frequency‐dependent relationships between Ca2+ and YAP/TAZ are primarily mediated by cPKC, DAG, CaMKII and F‐actin. Simulation results illustrate the role of Ca2+ dynamics and CaMKII bistable response in switching the direction of changes in Ca2+‐induced YAP/TAZ activity. A frequency‐dependent YAP/TAZ response revealed the competition between upstream regulators of LATS1/2, leading to the YAP/TAZ non‐monotonic response to periodic GPCR stimulation. This study provides new insights into underlying mechanisms responsible for the controversial Ca2+–YAP/TAZ relationship observed in experiments.

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Key points

YAP/TAZ integrates biochemical and biomechanical inputs to regulate cellular functions, and Ca2+ acts as a key second messenger linking cellular inputs to YAP/TAZ.

Studies have reported contradictory Ca2+–YAP/TAZ relationships for different cell types and stimuli.

A network model of Ca2+‐mediated YAP/TAZ signalling was developed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of divergent Ca2+–YAP/TAZ relationships.

The model predicts context‐dependent Ca2+ transient, CaMKII bistable response and frequency‐dependent activation of LATS1/2 upstream regulators as mechanisms governing the Ca2+–YAP/TAZ relationship.

This study provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms of the controversial Ca2+–YAP/TAZ relationship to better understand the dynamics of cellular functions controlled by YAP/TAZ activity.
The Homotopy Analysis Method for Solving Differential Equations With Generalized Caputo-Type Fractional Derivatives
Authors: Fafa Wafia , Odibat Zaid , Shawagfeh Nabil
Published: December 2022

This study expands and modifies the homotopy analysis method to handle differential equations with generalized Caputo-type fractional derivatives. Analytical approximate solutions for such models were successfully provided using the proposed modification. The determination of the valid region of convergence for the proposed method, with respect to the auxiliary control parameter, was discussed when using fractional operators. Then, mainly, the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through illustrative examples and comparisons with the predictor corrector method and RK4 method. Finally, it is expected that the studied generalized operators and the suggested method can be widely applied in the field of fractional calculus.
Can Recombinant Tree Shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) Chymosin Coagulate Cow (Bos taurus) Milk?
Authors: Balabova D. V. , Belenkaya S. V. , Volosnikova E. A. , Hermes T. , Chirkova V. Y. , Sharlaeva E. A. , Shcherbakov D. N. , Belov A. N. , Koval A. D. , Elchaninov V. V.
Published: December 2022

Genetically engineered chymosin from the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) has been obtained and partially characterized for the first time. The target enzyme was produced in Escherichia coli, strain BL21(DE3). It was shown that tree shrew recombinant chymosin coagulates cow milk (Bos taurus). The total and specific milk-clotting activity of the obtained enzyme was 0.7–5.3 IMCU/mL and 8.8–16.6 IMCU/mg. The nonspecific proteolytic activity of tree shrew recombinant chymosin in relation to total bovine casein was 30 and 117% higher than that of recombinant chymosin of cow and of single-humped camel respectively. It was found that in comparison with most of the known genetically engineered chymosins, the tree shrew enzyme showed exceptionally low thermal stability. After heating at 45°C, the coagulation ability of tree shrew recombinant chymosin decreased by more than 40%, and at 50°C the enzyme lost more than 90% of the initial milk-clotting activity. The Michaelis constant (Km), enzyme turnover number (kcat), and catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) for genetically engineered chymosin from the tree shrew were 6.3 ± 0.1 µM, 11 927 ± 3169 s–1 and 1968 ± 620 µM–1 s–1, respectively. Comparative analysis showed that the primary structure of the chymosin-sensitive site of cow kappa-casein and the supposed similar sequence of tree shrew kappa-casein differed by 75%. The ability of tree shrew recombinant chymosin to coagulate cow’s milk, along with a low thermal stability and high catalytic efficiency with respect to the substrate, imitating the chymosin-sensitive site of cow kappa-casein, suggests that this enzyme is of potential interest for cheese making.
The Thermostability of Nucleoside Phosphorylases from Prokaryotes. I. The Role of the Primary Structure of the N-terminal fragment of the Protein in the Thermostability of Uridine Phosphorylases
Authors: Veiko V. P. , Antipov A. N. , Mordkovich N. N. , Okorokova N. A. , Safonova T. N. , Polyakov K. M.
Published: December 2022

Mutant uridine phosphorylase genes from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (S. oneidensis) were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis and strains-producers of the corresponding recombinant (F5I and F5G) proteins were obtained on the basis of Escherichia coli cells. The mutant proteins were purified and their physicochemical and enzymatic properties were studied. It was shown that the N-terminal fragment of uridine phosphorylase plays an important role in the thermal stabilization of the enzyme as a whole. The role of the aminoacid (a.a.) residue phenylalanine (F5) in the formation of thermotolerance of uridine phosphorylases from gamma-proteobacteria was revealed.
Survival of left ventricular rupture post mitral valve replacement
Authors: Russal Starlet Abisho , Darbari Anshuman , Kumar Pardeep , Lahiri Raja
Published: December 2022

A fatal and uncommon complication after mitral valve replacement is left ventricular (LV) rupture. We describe a case of a woman in her 40s with rheumatic heart disease and mitral regurgitation who underwent mitral valve replacement on cardiopulmonary bypass and experienced LV rupture but survived this catastrophe.
25 years of cross-fertilization between HADES and Mont Terri rock laboratory
Authors: Nussbaum Christophe , Bernier Frédéric , Bleyen Nele , Bossart Paul , Bruggeman Christophe , De Cannière Pierre , Fierz Thomas , Jaeggi David , Neerdael Bernard , Valcke Elie , Volckaert Geert
Published: December 2022

The collaboration between HADES and the Mont Terri rock laboratory started in 1995, when granite was considered the most suitable host rock for radioactive waste disposal in Switzerland. When an alternative host formation was looked for by NAGRA, the choice of clay as host rock became rapidly clear. It was then decided to build an underground research laboratory in the Opalinus Clay taking advantage of the excavation of a motorway tunnel crossing the Mont Terri anticline. Exchanges of knowledge and experience on the behaviour of argillaceous formations were focused on the feasibility of constructing a safe geological repository for high-level radioactive waste: from excavation and gallery lining techniques to geochemistry, diffusion of radionuclides and coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical processes. The research programme at Mont Terri and the growing numbers of partners from four up to nine countries worldwide led to successive extensions of the galleries. The scientific and technical advances made possible by the collaboration between both laboratories dealt with the development of common methods and joint experimental and modelling efforts. This review article summarizes the main scientific lessons learned during these exchanges, stressing the added values of the knowledge transfer between partners and the overall cross-fertilization between HADES and Mont Terri.
The Effects of Adding Di-Tan Decoction (DTD) and/or Electroacupuncture (EA) to Standard Swallowing Rehabilitation Training (SRT) for Improving Poststroke Dysphagia (PSD): A Pilot, Single-Centred, Randomized Trial
Authors: Shao Xiangzhi , Chen Bing , Zhu Lielie , Zhu Lili , Zheng Jinyihui , Pu Xinyu , Chen Jiajun , Xia Jianning , Wu Xinming , Zhang Jiacheng , Wu Dengchong
Published: December 2022

Objectives. To evaluate the effect of adding Di-tan decoction (DTD) and/or electroacupuncture (EA) to standard swallowing rehabilitation training (SRT) on improving PSD. Methods. In total, 80 PSD patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to the DTD, EA, DTD + EA or control group at a 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 ratio. All patients received basic treatment and standard SRT. The DTD group received DTD orally, the EA group received EA, the DTD + EA group received both DTD and EA simultaneously, and the control group received only basic treatment and standard SRT. The interventions lasted for 4 weeks. The outcome measurements included the Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA) and Swallowing-Quality of Life (SWAL-QOL), performed and scored from baseline to 2, 4, and 6 weeks after intervention, and the Videofluoroscopic Dysphagia Scale (VDS), scored at baseline and 4 weeks after intervention. Scores were compared over time by repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) among all groups. Interactions between interventions were explored using factorial design analysis. Results. (1) The effective rates (ERs) for PSD treatment were higher in the DTD, EA and DTD + EA groups than in the control group (all

P

 < 0.05). The ER was higher in the DTD + EA group than in the DTD or EA group (both

P

 < 0.05). (2) There were significant group effects, time effects and interactions for the SSA and SWAL-QOL scores (all

P

 < 0.05). All groups showed decreasing trends in SSA scores and increasing trends in SWAL-QOL scores over time from baseline to 6 weeks after intervention (all

P

 < 0.01). (3) Factorial design analysis for ΔVDS showed that there was a significant main effect for DTD intervention (F = 11.877,

P

 < 0.01) and for EA intervention (F = 29.357,

P

 < 0.01). However, there was no significant interaction effect between DTD and EA (F = 0.133,

P

 = 0.717). Multiple comparisons showed that the DTD, EA and DTD + EA groups all had higher ΔVDS values than the control group (

P

 < 0.05). The DTD + EA group had a higher ΔVDS than the DTD or EA group (both

P

 < 0.05). (4) Most adverse reactions were mild and transient. Conclusions. Adding DTD or EA to SRT can better improve PSD than applying SRT alone. Adding DTD and EA simultaneously can accelerate and amplify the recovery of swallowing function versus DTD or EA alone, and both are effective and safe treatments, alone or jointly, for PSD and are a powerful supplement to routine treatments.
Creativity and entrepreneur knowledge to increase entrepreneurial intent among vocational school students
Authors: Hidayatulloh Muhammad Kris Yuan , Ashoumi Hilyah
Published: December 2022

One way to overcome the problem of unemployment is to change the mindset that in meeting the needs of life, one does not have to work as an employee or employee, but is able to play a role as a business pioneer. This study aims to find out the contribution level of entrepreneurship education and creativity taking into account factors that support entrepreneurs’ intents. This type of investigation was ex post facto with a quota sampling technique of 76 vocational high school students. The data collection was done through tests to measure entrepreneurial knowledge and instruments to measure entrepreneurial intentions. The data analysis technique employed a regression test to determine the relationship and the magnitude of the influence between variables. The study has found that there is a positive correlation between entrepreneurial education and students’ intent in entrepreneurship. The contribution of change in entrepreneurship education partly to intent in entrepreneurship was 32.60%. There is a positive contribution to creativity in students’ intents in entrepreneurship. The contribution to allow for creative change in entrepreneurial intent is partially 18.40%. There is a positive contribution between entrepreneurship education and creativity in students’ intent in entrepreneurship. Other supporting factors are self-efficacy and locus of control.
The effectiveness of peer educators and guidance counselling teachers to the knowledge of reproductive health
Authors: Meilani Niken , Setiyawati Nanik
Published: December 2022

Adolescence is the most vulnerable period to reproductive health problems. These problems include early pregnancy, unsafe abortion, sexually infections transmitted (STIs) including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), sexual abuse. Access for sexuality education and reproductive health services to comprehensive and youth-friendly was limited. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of peer educators and guidance and counselling teachers in adolescent reproductive health level of knowledge. This is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design with treatment groups using peer educators and teacher as control groups. The sample size was 70 respondents. Data was collected by questionnaire that already had validity and reliability test. Data analysis used univariate, t-test and logistic regression. The results of this study showed that the provision of information was more effective through guidance conselling teachers (p=0.000, exp B=14.5). This study recommends that improve adolescents’ reproductive knowledge need to optimize the role of guidance and counseling teachers in providing information.
A bibliometric analysis of collaboration skills in education (2019-2021)
Authors: Marmoah Sri , Gestiardi Rivan , Sarwanto Sarwanto , Chumdari Chumdari , Maryani Ika
Published: December 2022

One indicator of 21st century skills is collaboration; essential skill students must acquire in century learning. This study aimed to reveal research trends over the last three years based on the start of COVID-19 by using content analysis and reviewing bibliometric results related to articles with collaboration keywords. For bibliometric mapping analysis, a total of 500 articles were accessed, and for content analysis, 31 articles were selected between 2019-2021 based on Google Scholar's database corresponding to the education field study of the research. The results showed that digital "health education collaboration" was the most searched keyword, while researchers focused on collaboration in education between 2019-2021. The most commonly used words in abstracts are teaching, creativity, ability, and community. It was evident that the latest articles primarily focused on skills. Bhone Myint Kyaw; AE Kinio is the most cited author in this field. The most cited journals are the Journal of Medical Internet Research, Journal of Surgical Education, The Journal of Technology Transfer, the most prominent journal. The content analysis results showed that "21st-century skill, problem, and implementation" has become the most studied variable in the article.
Lecturers and students’ perceptions about online learning problems during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Marmoah Sri , Poerwanti Jenny Indrastoeti Siti
Published: December 2022

This research is based on the problem of the outbreak of the coronavirus which has become a global pandemic and a national disaster. The purpose of this study was to describe the perceptions of lecturers and students on online learning problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data was collected with the help of questionnaires. This quantitative descriptive study was conducted among lectures and students who selectedd randomly. Data analysis used a Likert scale and the results of perceptions used descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that the perceptions of lecturers and students on online learning problems during the pandemic consisted of six aspects (lecture plans, online lecture activities, online lecture recording and evaluation, lecture assistance services, and lecture support facilities). Furthermore, it can be agreed that effective online learning occurs due to the interaction of students and lecturers as well as technology connected to education.
Handling behavior problems of children with special educational needs based on teacher analysis
Authors: Suparno Suparno , Hermanto Hermanto , Sukinah Sukinah , Prabawati Wening , Putri Sarwendah Ade , Rasita Dewi Galih , Barotuttaqiyah Dewi , Mumpuniarti Mumpuniarti
Published: December 2022

Handling of behavior problems in children with special educational needs (CSEN) in the classroom is urgent for the classroom’s conducive atmosphere. Therefore, a review needs to be conducted to determine what steps the teacher may take for coping purposes in handling the behavior problems of CSEN, to determine the predictors for handling the behavior problems of CSEN, to identify the analysis basis for determining teacher predictors, and to figure out the effects of the behavior of CSEN based on the predictors chosen by the teacher. A survey was conducted on 109 teachers of CSEN. This research used a Google Forms questionnaire containing a list of statements to be chosen by teachers as instrument, and analysis was carried out by computing the frequencies at which the teachers chose the statements in percentage and by comparing teachers’ statements on the way they handled behaviors. The results show that the teachers were more inclined toward problem-focused coping (PFC), the predictor chosen was intimacy control, the teacher directed the children to do a task at the time a behaviour problem arose, and in choosing predictors, the teachers would rather calm the children down and give them comfort, making the children calmed.