bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pendekatan Rawan Pangan dan Gizi: Besaran, Karakteristik, dan Penyebabnya
Authors: Purwantini Tri Bastuti
Published: October 2017

English
Human Development Index (HDI) on development trend during 1980-2012 in Indonesia improved, but food insecurity is still frequently found and prone to chronic malnutrition. The paper aims to analyze the magnitude and characteristics of food insecurity and nutrition vulnerability as well as to identify their causes. Thus, it is expected that the incident case management can be handled earlier. Periodically performing and updating food and nutrition insecurity mapping are very relevant. The level of food insecurity and malnutrition in Indonesia is almost high. In relation to the MDG target, conditions are still far from the targeted magnitude. It requires a breakthrough in reducing the prevalence of malnutrition among infants and energy deficit population. In addition, it needs sustainable food supply by increasing food production through food self-sufficiency. Thus, food and nutrition security approach is alternative to implement for handling food insecurity and malnutrition by increasing cross-sector synergy.

 

Indonesian
Selama 1990-2012 trend perkembangan Human Development Index (HDI) di Indonesia membaik, namun masih banyak kejadian rawan pangan maupun rawan gizi kronis. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis besaran, identifikasi dan karakteristik rawan pangan dan rawan gizi serta penyebabnya. Dengan demikian diharapkan akan lebih dini dalam penanganan kasus kejadian tersebut. Pemutakhiran pemetaan kerawanan/kerentanan pangan dan gizi secara berkala sangat relevan dilakukan. Data empirik menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kerawanan pangan dan gizi di Indonesia tergolong mendekati tinggi. Dikaitkan dengan target sasaran dari MDGs, kondisi tersebut masih jauh dari besaran yang ditargetkan. Untuk itu perlu terobosan dalam menurunkan prevalensi rawan pangan dan gizi kronis, yakni menurunkan prevalensi gizi kurang pada balita dan penduduk yang defisit energi. Selain itu, perlu adanya penyediaan pangan yang berkelanjutan dengan meningkatkan produksi pangan melalui kemandirian pangan. Mengingat pentingnya perwujudan ketahanan pangan dan gizi, maka ke depan diharapkan pendekatan ketahanan pangan harus dipadukan dengan pendekatan penanganan masalah gizi. Dengan demikian pendekatan ketahanan pangan dan gizi menjadi alternatif untuk diimplementasikan dalam penanganan masalah rawan pangan dan gizi dengan meningkatkan sinergi lintas sektor.
Percepatan Pembangunan Pangan Menuju Pencapaian Ketahanan Pangan yang Mandiri dan Berdaulat
Authors: Rachmat Muchjidin
Published: October 2017

English
Successful development has been demonstrated by an increase in food production and food supply. But the success was not followed by a reduction in food insecurity. Number of food-insecure population is still large and likely to increase. Law 18/2012 on Food mandates establishment of an independent food security and sovereignty. The goal is to increase production and food self-sufficiency. It also aims to improve food diversity and to meet safety, quality, and requirement. Food security should also be competitive in both domestic and international markets. The challenge is to optimize food production resources, management of decentralization and global environment. It is necessary to accelerate food development through enhancing more distributed, diverse food production. It is also carried out through development of food and local food culture, food production system modernization, food trade management, and strengthening public food reserves.

 

Indonesian
Pembangunan pangan telah menunjukkan keberhasilannya seperti dalam peningkatan produksi dan penyediaan komoditas pangan. Namun keberhasilan tersebut tidak diikuti oleh penurunan tingkat kerawanan pangan masyarakat. Jumlah penduduk rawan pangan masih cukup besar dan bahkan cenderung meningkat. UU No. 18 Tahun 2012 tentang Pangan mengamanatkan dibangunnya ketahanan pangan yang mandiri dan berdaulat, dengan sasaran peningkatan kemampuan produksi dan kecukupan penyediaan pangan secara mandiri, menyediakan pangan yang beraneka ragam dan memenuhi persyaratan keamanan, mutu, dan gizi bagi konsumsi masyarakat, dan meningkatkan nilai tambah dan daya saing komoditas pangan di pasar dalam negeri dan luar negeri. Tantangan mewujudkan ketahanan pangan yang mandiri dan berdaulat berkaitan dengan peningkatan produksi, manajemen pembangunan pangan sejalan pelaksanaan otonomi daerah dan pengaruh dinamika lingkungan global. Diperlukan akselerasi pembangunan pangan melalui peningkatan produksi pangan yang lebih menyebar dan beragam, pengembangan pangan dan budaya pangan lokal, modernisasi sistem produksi pangan, pengelolaan perdagangan pangan, dan penguatan cadangan pangan masyarakat.
Improvements in the Two‐Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Humic Substances
Authors: Simpson André J. , Salloum Myrna J. , Kingery William L. , Hatcher Patrick G.
Published: October 2017

Understanding pollutant sorption, bioremediation of these pollutants, and their interactions with humic substances requires knowledge of molecular‐level processes. New developments with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments and labeled compounds have improved the overall understanding of these mechanisms. The advancements made with two‐dimensional NMR show great promise, as structural information and hydrogen–carbon bond connectivity can be discerned. This communication presents the application of improved two‐dimensional NMR methods, the double quantum filtered (DQF) correlation spectroscopy (COSY) and echo/anti‐echo heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) experiments, for use in structural studies of humic substances. Both experiments were found to produce significant improvements over the conventional COSY and heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) experiments that have been previously employed in similar studies. The more sensitive echo/anti‐echo HSQC experiment produced more cross‐peaks with higher resolution when compared with the HMQC spectra. The DQF‐COSY significantly suppressed the diagonal signals and allowed numerous signals previously hidden in the standard COSY experiment to be observed. These improvements will aid current characterization strategies of humic substances from soils, sediments, and water and their subsequent reactions with pollutants and microorganisms.
Paramagnetic Effects on Solid State Carbon‐13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Soil Organic Matter
Authors: Smernik Ronald J. , Oades J. Malcolm
Published: October 2017

The effects of paramagnetic species on solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were quantified in a series of doping experiments. The degree of signal loss caused by paramagnetic metals was shown to depend not only on the quantity, but also on the nature of the paramagnetic species, as well as the intimacy of contact with the organic substrate and the type of NMR experiment. Two mechanisms of signal loss were distinguished—signal loss via loss of magnetic field homogeneity, which affects all 13C nuclei in a sample, and signal loss via interaction between electronic and nuclear spins, the effects of which were localized to the close environment of the paramagnetic species. Loss of field homogeneity is important for manganese species, but not for copper species, and is equally important for both cross polarization and Bloch decay experiments. The interaction between electronic and nuclear spins is highly dependent on the spin‐lattice relaxation rate constant of the free electron (T1e), as cations with very short T1e values (e.g., Pr3+) cause less signal loss than cations with longer T1e values (e.g., Cu2+, Mn2+). Cross polarization spectra are shown to be more susceptible than Bloch decay spectra to this mechanism of signal loss. Signal loss and increased relaxation rates brought about by paramagnetic species can be used to provide information on soil organic matter (SOM) heterogeneity in the submicron range. This is demonstrated for SOM doped with paramagnetic cations where selective signal loss and increased relaxation rates are used to determine the nature of cation exchange sites.
Soil and Litter Phosphorus‐31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Cade‐Menun B.J. , Liu C. W. , Nunlist R. , McColl J. G.
Published: October 2017

Phosphorus‐31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an excellent tool with which to study soil organic P, allowing quantitative, comparative analysis of P forms. However, for 31P NMR to be tative, all peaks must be completely visible, and in their correct relative proportions. There must be no line broadening, and adequate delay times must be used to avoid saturation of peaks. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of extractants on delay times and peak saturation. Two samples (a forest litter and a mineral soil sample) and three extractants (0.25 M NaOH, NaOH plus Chelex (Bio‐Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA), and NaOH plus EDTA) were used to determine the differences in the concentration of P and cations solubilized by each extractant, and to measure spin‐lattice (T1) relaxation times of P peaks in each extract. For both soil and litter, NaOH‐Chelex extracted the lowest concentrations of P. For the litter sample, T1 values were short for all extractants due to the high Fe concentration remaining after extraction. For the soil sample, there were noticeable differences among the extractants. The NaOH‐Chelex sample had less Fe and Mn remaining in solution after extraction than the other extractants, and the longest delay times used in the study, 6.4 s, were not long enough for quantitative analysis. Delay times of 1.5 to 2 s for the NaOH and NaOH‐EDTA were adequate. Line broadening was highest in the NaOH extracts, which had the highest concentration of Fe. On the basis of these results, recommendations for future analyses of soil and litter samples by solution 31P NMR spectroscopy include: careful selection of an extractant; measurement of paramagnetic ions extracted with P; use of appropriate delay times and the minimum number of scans; and measurement of T1 values whenever possible.
Three‐Dimensional Nickel Ion Transport through Porous Media Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Herrmann K.‐H. , Pohlmeier A. , Wiese S. , Shah N. J. , Nitzsche O. , Vereecken H.
Published: October 2017

The transport of Ni2+ions in a column, filled with porous media, was observed in three dimensions and time by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a clinical scanner. For porous media we used glass beads or quartz sand in a saturated continuous flow mode. The magnetic moment of Ni2+decreased theT1relaxation time of1H in aqueous solution. This concentration‐dependent effect was used by a fast low angle shot (FLASH) MRI sequence for imaging the concentration of the dissolved ions. Since Ni2+behaves as a conservative tracer under the chosen conditions, the tracer motion was representative for the water flow in the porous medium. Currently, we can achieve an isotropic spatial resolution of 1.5 mm and a temporal resolution of 170 s. The transport observation gives direct access to hydraulic flow properties of the porous media. The fluid flow velocity field was calculated by a fronttracking method and the statistical properties of the velocities were investigated. We also compared the experimental data with the three‐dimensional particle tracking model PARTRACE, which uses the experimental flow field as input.
In Situ Stabilization of Soil Lead Using Phosphorus and Manganese Oxide
Authors: Hettiarachchi Ganga M. , Pierzynski Gary M.
Published: October 2017

In situ stabilization of Pb contaminated soils can be accomplished by adding P and Mn(IV) oxide. However, the long‐term efficacy of in situ stabilization under continual P removal through plant growth is unknown. Moreover, the effects these treatments have on phytoavailability of other metals (Cd and Zn) commonly associated with Pb in soil are not well understood. Greenhouse experiments using sudax [Sorghum vulgare (L.) Moench] and Swiss chard [Beta vulgaris (L.) Koch] were carried out to evaluate the effects of plant growth on soil Pb bioavailability to humans after addition of P and other amendments, and the effects of these treatments on Pb, Cd, and Zn phytoavailability in three metal‐contaminated soils. Eight treatments were used: zero P; 2500 mg of P as triple superphosphate (TSP); 5000 mg of P as TSP or phosphate rock (PR); 5000 mg of Mn oxide/kg; and combinations of Mn oxide and P as TSP or PR. The addition of P and/or Mn oxide significantly reduced bioavailable Pb, as measured by the physiologically based extraction test (PBET), in soils compared with the control even after extensive cropping. The PBET data also suggested that removal of P from soluble P sources by plants could negate the beneficial effects of P on bioavailable Pb, unless sufficient soluble P was added or soluble P was combined with Mn oxide. In general, Pb, Cd, and Zn concentrations in shoot tissues of sudax and Swiss chard were reduced significantly by TSP and did not change with the addition of PR. The combination of PR and Mn oxide significantly reduced Pb concentrations in plants compared with the control.
Financial sustainability of private higher education institutions: the case of publicly traded educational institutions
Authors: Al Kharusi Sami , Rama Murthy Y. Sree
Published: October 2017

Public and private education can unlock different doors and help to flood the country with a rising power, sunlight and sustainable development. Hence, this paper argued that there is a need to sustain both public and private higher education. Financial difficulties restrict private higher education from balancing their budget and maintain a balance between a quality education and maximization of shareholders wealth. This paper outlines and analyzes a critical business model for higher education institutions, Dhofar University and Majan College, both of which are publicly traded in Muscat Securities Market. Both the educational institutions are critically examined from profitability, liquidity, long term solvency and asset management perspective using appropriate financial ratios. Five year forecasts of financial statements up to 2021 are estimated to evaluate the financial stability of the two educational institutions. The paper uses Monte Carlo simulation technique to examine the issue of financial sustainability. Overall the finding shows positive financial results for Majan College compared to Dhofar University. The key take away from the analysis is that educational institutions should be funded primarily by equity and not by debt to survive, sustain and provide high quality education.
Entrepreneurial finance and its impact on e-business
Authors: Salman Asma , Jamil Sundus
Published: October 2017

Entrepreneurial activity is important not just from an economic point of view but it also recognizes the power and value of an individual. In a developing country like Pakistan that ranks high when it comes to ease of doing business but very low in entrepreneurship, alternatives must be devised to empower individuals socially and economically. The Pakistani women being empowered than ever before have to be paid special attention to in case of entrepreneurship. The current study is thus aimed at assessing the e-business related entrepreneurial finance and potential of women doing e-business. E-business helps women overcome many traditional barriers to employment and entrepreneurship. Using Theory of Planned behavior and entrepreneurship models, a framework for assessing e-business and seeking entrepreneurial finance alternatives is developed. Unlike the previous theories which suggested eight variables the current study found that for e-business entrepreneurs only perceived propensity, desirability, feasibility, motherhood, management and meso and macro environment are significant. Besides money, market and management which are important for starting any business, IT knowledge is important. The results based on regression analysis suggest that the model fits well as it predicts value of the entrepreneurial intention at 95% with a 5% significance value. Based on the findings of the study a new model for assessment of e-business entrepreneurial intention is developed which includes all significant variables and IT knowledge as a moderating variable. Based on this assumption, there is a clear implication for the policy makers to stress IT literacy to encourage entrepreneurial activity.
Stabilization Pentagon Model: application in the management at macro- and micro-levels
Authors: Lyulyov Oleksii , Shvindina Hanna
Published: October 2017

The problem of instability of industries, clusters and states influences the countries’ economies. Unavoidable changes became an attribute of the strategic planning at every level. As a result, an effective tool is needed to evaluate stability at different levels in such a way that will make it possible to manage the changes. In this paper the concept of Macroeconomic Stabilization Pentagon (MSP) was analyzed for its applicability for the EU countries of low-an-middle-income economies including Ukraine. The data analysis brought new understanding of the assessment of the public policies’ effectiveness. The model has proven its efficiency not just in the sphere of public administration, but also for the micro level management. The authors proposed the Microeconomic Stabilization Pentagon to be implemented in the research at the level of enterprises
The exploration of university ethos – neoliberalism versus entrepreneurial wisdom
Authors: J Steenkamp Rigard
Published: October 2017

The exploration of the entrepreneurial university indicates a new model for higher education institutions. Despite the overwhelming resistance against this phenomenon in terms of neoliberalism, modern universities adapt to economic forces and the function of the imminent fourth industrial revolution. The changing ethos of universities in a time of super-complexity seems to be a natural phenomenon of our time regardless of the warnings against this revolution. The protection of academic integrity and quality of tuition needs not be a trade-off when the tuition mission of universities is being enlarged in terms of a new type of knowledge management and a fresh drive for applied research and intellectual property management. Universities become less isolated as an open system with the aim of building an enterprising state in which university partners co-innovate in order to solve global economic challenges. Most universities promote intrapreneurship and types of external academic engagement with industry while others have established technology transfer organisations and industry-science links as integral to the university. This paper explores perspectives against and for the phenomenon, with strong arguments and selected case examples in support of entrepreneurial universities.
POLÍTICAS SOCIAIS: EXPANSÃO E LIMITES NA SOCIEDADE CAPITALISTA
Authors: Redon Silvio Aparecido
Published: October 2017

O presente artigo visa contribuir para o debate sobre as políticas sociais, tendo por objetivos trazer uma compreensão sobre o assunto e fomentar a reflexão crítica acerca do tema.  A revisão de literatura aborda a emersão da política social, em um contexto de agravamento das condições objetivas de vida da classe trabalhadora, por meio da intervenção estatal para  subsidiar a acumulação capitalista no recorte monopolista. Diante das condições históricas, ladeado por lutas trabalhistas e ascenção do socialismo no Leste Europeu, tem-se a formatação de um Estado Social consolidado na Europa Ocidental após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, que perdurou por cerca de trinta anos.Com a crise de 1970, que impõem barreiras ao capitalismo, ocorre uma retração desse modelo de regulação estatal e a ascenção do neoliberalismo, que irá trazer limites ao intervencionsimo dos governos com rebatimento nos direitos conquistados pelos trabalhadores, evidenciando sua incompatibilidade com a ampliação de direitos sociais.
A CULTURA DO DESCARTE E RECICLAGEM DOS RESÍDUOS ELETROELETRÔNICOS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NA UFERSA - CENTRO MULTIDISCIPLINAR PAU DOS FERROS/RN
Authors: Medeiros Luzia Luana da Silva
Published: October 2017

O presente trabalho dispõe de uma discussão frente à compreensão do estudo da percepção ambiental e dos resíduos eletroeletrônicos. O objetivo principal consiste em analisar de que forma está sendo desenvolvida a cultura do descarte e reciclagem do lixo eletrônico, especialmente pilhas e baterias usadas, junto aos docentes, técnicos administrativos e discentes da UFERSA - Centro Multidisciplinar Pau dos Ferros/RN. O percurso metodológico adotado envolveu um estudo de caso nas dependências da universidade, com o auxílio de fotografias e questionários semiestruturados na temática em tela, subsidiando ao método descritivo, exploratório e pesquisa bibliográfica com abordagem de caráter quantitativo. Nos principais resultados explorou-se a respeito do conhecimento do público alvo no que se refere aos resíduos sólidos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos, destacando a compreensão dos entrevistados sobre questões que envolvem a toxidade e periculosidade do lixo eletrônico, bem como o seu destino final. A disponibilização e o uso das lixeiras de coleta seletiva específicas para o recebimento de pilhas e baterias nas dependências da instituição foi outro fator explorado.  A discussão e repasse de informações sobre o tema, tais como ações educacionais e de desenvolvimento racional e a percepção ambiental dos indivíduos como ferramenta para a construção do senso crítico na geração de ideias conscientes e corretas, dentro e fora do universo acadêmico constitui-se de suma importância para toda a universidade, abrangendo dimensões sociais externas.
APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA: COGNIÇÃO E AFETIVIDADE NOS PROJETOS ESCOLARES
Authors: Paixão Sergio Vale da , Mello Fabiane de Oliveira
Published: October 2017

Pensar a escola na atualidade exige de todos, posturas que considerem o atual cenário tecnológico em constante atualização em que os estudantes encontram-se inseridos. Dada essa observação, torna-se importante pensar o modo como os professores têm organizado as atividades escolares. O envolvimento e a criação de novas estratégias de ensino que valorizem as novas formas possíveis de ensinar e aprender é o caminho para que se crie uma identidade escolar fazendo com que a escola seja reconhecida com uma identidade própria e não seja apenas mais uma instituição. Porém, é emergente a necessidade de que se criem identidades institucionais que levem em consideração projetos significativos aos estudantes que considerem não apenas os aspectos de ordem cognitivos, mas também os afetivos e que possibilitem a formação integral do sujeito cognoscente.
O PRONERA: UMA POLÍTICA PÚBLICA DE EDUCAÇÃO PARA INCLUSÃO SOCIAL DA CLASSE CAMPONESA
Authors: Camacho Rodrigo Simão
Published: October 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é o de refletir acerca da política pública de Educação do Campo denominada “Programa Nacional de Educação na Reforma Agrária” (PRONERA). Este Programa é uma política pública de inclusão da classe camponesa que sempre foi excluída tanto do ponto de vista econômico, quanto educacional. O Programa se orienta por cinco princípios fundamentais: a inclusão, a participação, a interatividade, a multiplicação e a parceria.  Há três vantagens estratégicas para a formação de educadores pelo PRONERA. A primeira é a elevação do grau de instrução dessa população. A segunda é o envolvimento desses profissionais com a comunidade. E a terceira é a melhoria de qualidade de ensino nas escolas do campo tendo em vista a utilização de conteúdos e metodologias específicas para realidade dos camponeses-assentados. Como experiência prática do PRONERA, analisamos o Curso Especial de Graduação em Geografia (CEGeo). Neste curso, se formaram camponeses-assentados bacharéis e licenciados em Geografia. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise de documentos do PRONERA e do CEGeo, além de entrevistas com camponeses-estudantes do Curso. Consideramos que a formação de jovens e adultos assentados e/ou acampados da reforma agrária, demonstra a efetivação do objetivo de inclusão social proporcionado pelo PRONERA.
A tradição extrativista do cipó-imbé (Philodendron corcovadense Kunth – Araceae) nas comunidades tradicionais de cipozeiros na mata atlântica em Garuva, Santa Catarina
Authors: Ramos Roberta , Hurmus Marcelino , Benevenutti Dione Nery Cavalcanti , Melo Júnior João Carlos Ferreira de
Published: October 2017

O cipó-imbé é uma liana hemiepífita presente nos remanescentes florestais do litoral norte catarinense. Suas raízes adventícias são largamente utilizadas pelas comunidades tradicionais de Garuva na fabricação de artesanato. Ao longo dos anos, os cipozeiros do município vêm relatando a escassez do recurso nas florestas fonte do extrativismo. Além disso, a maior parte dos itens artesanais produzidos tem pouco valor agregado, levando a uma maior pressão sobre a planta, uma vez que a baixa remuneração é compensada pela grande quantidade produzida. Este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar a cadeia produtiva do artesanato de cipó-imbé e apresentar uma breve descrição da estrutura anatômica da raiz adventícia de Philodendron corcovadense, com vistas a levantar dados relacionados ao tema.
Jaw osteonecrosis after dental implants associated with oral bisphosphonates – case report of resection of mandible
Authors: Corso Paola Fernanda Cotait de Lucas , Todero Sara Regina , Sebastiani Aline Monise , Kluppel Leandro Eduardo , Rebellato Nelson Luis Barbosa , Scariot Rafaela
Published: October 2017

Osteonecrosis of the jaw is associated with defects in vascularization and with the use of oral bisphosphonates. Osseous exposition and infection may occur. Recommended treatment is variable, from antibiotic medication, bony decortication to resections of the mandible in severe cases. Reconstruction of mandible, in cases of resections is essential for maintaining esthetic profile and adequate form and function. Objective: To report a case about the dangers oforal bisphosphonates in association with invasive procedures such as dental implants Case report: Female patient, 64 years-old, with osteonecrosis of the jaw caused by use of oral bisphosphonates after rehabilitation with dental implants. She had an edentulous and atrophic mandible and poor healthy. After diagnosis, partial resection of the jaw was performed together with the reconstruction with titanium plate, with no success. Then, iliac bone graft fixed by plates and screws was attempted, again with no success. Conclusion: Despiteof the small number of cases of osteonecrosis associated with oral bisphosphonate reported in the literature, a simple implant surgery could result in adverse consequences if the use of this medication were overlooked in the anamnesis.
Treatment of class II furcation defects with autogenous bone graft associated with Bichat’s fat pad: case report
Authors: Teixeira Priscila Alves , Storrer Carmen L. Mueller , Santos Felipe Rychuv , Sebastiani Aline Monise , Deliberador Tatiana Miranda
Published: October 2017

The periodontal treatment of teeth with furcation defect is clinically challenging. In cases of class II furcation defects, the regenerative surgery shows low morbidity and good prognosis when correctly indicated. The aim of the presentstudy is to report a treatment option for class II furcation defect through autogenous bone graft associated with the Bichat’s fat pad. Case report: A 59-year-old female patient was diagnosed with class II furcation defect in the left mandibular first molar. The treatment comprised surgical reconstruction of the defect with a combination of maxillary tuberosity bone graft and Bichat’s fat pad. The clinical and radiographic follow-up of 180 days showed bone formation inthe furcation area and absence of probing depth. Conclusion: An association of autogenous graft form the maxillary tuberosity with a Bichat’s fat pad proved to be a safe, low cost, and effective therapy for the regenerative treatment of class II furcation.
Reputation and peacekeeping missions Brazil and middle powers in challenging times
Authors: Evangelista Medeiros Sabrina , Panno Beirão André
Published: October 2017

International law has been barely focused on the reputational status, which may be represented as a complex of attributes based on the perception of the others, that can determine the state’s position in the international arena and cooperation scenarios. Thus, the opportunity of taking an active role in the international agenda makes Brazil and other middle powers and emerging markets as high-value partners, with an increasing and representative participation in international organizations in the last years. In respect to the Brazilian case, those functions that can be cited as determinants of reputation range from the peacekeeping mandates it has detained, to the candidacy as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. This paper is focused on providing a conceptual framework to explain the enhancing of one actor’s international reputation based on Peacekeeping missions and considering Andrew Guzman´s typology (2001; 2010; 2011). This theme is an important way of thinking political gains in terms of international competition not only because it elucidates states’ conditions for obtaining success but, also, how eligible they are for projecting themselves besides military strength. In addition, the effectiveness and compliance ratio, either for the Brazilian case or other emerging markets, are not clear to a great part of the analysts. So, under the soft or hard law, the intention is to make an archeology of the reputation model that is connected to political gains in the Brazilian contemporary case, as to expand its international reliability and promote economic odds.
O retorno do “shatterbelt” da europa centro-oriental e o grupo de visegrad na estratégia ocidental de contenção da Rússia
Authors: Santos Kosinski Daniel , Parizkova Nikola
Published: October 2017

A Europa Centro-Oriental é uma região excepcionalmente conturbada desde a Antiguidade, com história caracterizada por migrações em grande escala, guerras, invasões e ocupações por potências estrangeiras. Por isso, há muito ela tem sido considerada por teóricos como Mackinder, Spykman, Brezinski, Cohen e Kelly uma região de transição e atrito entre os domínios dos poderes navais atlânticos e terrestres eurasianos, estrategicamente importante para o acesso e controle do Heartland. Isso a torna um shatterbelt, área intensamente disputada entre potências que projetam seu poder e influência, se impondo aos povos locais. O Grupo de Visegrad, formado por Polônia, Tchecoslováquia e Hungria em 1991 após o fim dos regimes neoestalinistas, buscou com sucesso a adesão às instituições euro-atlânticas – OTAN e União Europeia, principalmente. Recentemente, com a retomada do “ativismo” russo e suas intervenções militares na Geórgia e Ucrânia, o Grupo de Visegrado vem se transformando num dos principais instrumentos de avanço da hegemonia ocidental na região, articulando políticas de cerco e contenção da Rússia. O acúmulo de forças militares de ambos os lados na área, percebido a partir de 2016, indica intenso crescimento das tensões no shatterbelt - que havia perdido intensidade desde os anos 1980 -, caracterizando processo de desfecho ainda imprevisível.
Docking studies reveal zerumbone targets β-catenin of the Wnt-β-catenin pathway in breast cancer
Authors: Fatima Ayesha , Abdul Bustamam , Abdullah Rasedee , Karjiban Roghayeh , Lee Vannajan
Published: October 2017

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. The Wnt??-catenin pathway appears to be deregulated in most cancer cells including breast cancer. The role of zerumbone, the active sesquiterpene from Zingiber zerumbet Roscoe, on the Wnt??-catenin pathway is relatively unknown, especially detailed molecular studies have yet to be published. Using the Chemistry at HARvard Macromolecular Mechanics (CHARMm) force field-based docking protocol, CDOCKER, the molecular interactions between zerumbone and key proteins of the Wnt??-catenin pathway were evaluated in this study. The results suggest that zerumbone has a strong affinity for free ?-catenin in the cytoplasm, as well as the ?-catenin?transcription factor 4 complex in the nucleus. The overall hydrophobic nature of zerumbone allowed its interaction with other hydrophobic residues, such as Trp383, while its active ?,?-unsaturated carbonyl facilitated its interaction with positively charged residues, such as Lys345, Arg386 and Asn415 in the ?-catenin binding pocket. However, the Wnt protein and its frizzled receptor showed no attraction to zerumbone.
O pessoal na vida pública: o que há entre Gilberto Freye e Sérgio Buarque de Holanda [The personal in the public life: what exist between Gilberto Freyre e Sérgio Buarque de Holanda]
Authors: Oliveira David Barroso de
Published: October 2017

A ética e a política são dimensões da vida humana centrais para a cultura ocidental contemporânea que pressupõem alguma concepção antropológica. Neste estudo, investigamos qual o sentido antropológico das teorias sociológicas de Gilberto Freyre e Sérgio Buarque de Holanda. O antagonismo que se dá torna ambivalente a primazia das relações interpessoais na sociedade. Porém, a positividade do pessoal na vida pública corresponde ao sentido antropológico para se pensar uma ética que seja referência para se pensar a política.
O curso Em defesa da sociedade e o bando soberano [The lectures Society must be defended and the sovereign ban]
Authors: Veiga Itamar Soares
Published: October 2017

RESUMO: este estudo trata dos elementos constituintes do poder soberano a partir de alguns elementos do curso de Foucault Em defesa da sociedade, aprofundados por meio de uma análise do paradoxo da soberania apresentado por Agamben no livro Homo Sacer. Neste sentido, o texto destaca, principalmente, os conceitos agambianos de vida nua e bando soberano. A conclusão procura apontar a importância de uma valorização da relação potência e ato sem a injunção do bando soberano.
O investimento biopolítico da infância por meio do dispositivo de infantilidade, segundo Corazza: conexões com o pensamento foucaultiano [The biopolitical investment of childhood through the approach of childhood, according to Corazza: connections with foucaultian philosophy]
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo Alexandre Santos de , Heuser Ester Maria Dreher
Published: October 2017

Ao reconstruir a história da infância, sobretudo, num âmbito foucaultiano, Sandra Corazza em sua tese intitulada História da infantilidade: a-vida-a-morte e mais-valia de uma infância sem fim cria um dispositivo que infantiliza, o qual intitula dispositivo de infantilidade. Esse dispositivo investe as crianças, no Ocidente, por meio de um conceito de infância que as considera fracas, perigosas e que por tal, devem ser adultizadas corretamente: isso permite constituir os pequenos como um povo por vir (trata-se de um investimento biopolítico). Sendo assim, investiga-se a história desse dispositivo e o investimento que esse faz dos corpos infantis relacionando-o ao pensamento foucaultiano.
Biopolítica e suas derivações no pensamento filosófico-político de Roberto Esposito [Biopolitics and its derivations in the philosophical-political thought of Roberto Esposito]
Authors: Ferraz Fernando Gigante
Published: October 2017

Em um primeiro momento o texto faz uma retomada sintética das categorias de poder e biopolítica no pensamento de Foucault. Em seguida o texto passa a tematizar quais os desdobramentos que o tema da biopolítica sofrerá no pensamento filosófico-político italiano na atualidade, principalmente no pensamento de Roberto Esposito.
Sobre o Método: Continuidade e descontinuidade entre as genealogias de Giorgio Agamben e Michel Foucault [About the Method: Continuity and discontinuity between the genealogies of Giorgio Agamben and Michel Foucault]
Authors: Decothé Junior Joel
Published: October 2017

A proposta deste artigo é a de se aproximar da questão que envolve a noção de método, nas propostas genealógicas das filosofias de Giorgio Agamben e Michel Foucault. Para tanto, propomos um itinerário epistemológico que percorre os pontos que julgamos ser nucleares, no que tange ao problema da continuidade e descontinuidade presente na dinâmica relacional, em termos de influência, que o filósofo francês tem exercido sobre o pensamento em curso do filósofo italiano. Tudo isso acaba sendo considerado, fundamentalmente, desde a perspectiva de suas reconstruções genealógicas do poder. O ponto nodal, conforme a nossa leitura, está posto substancialmente na questão da genealogia teológica da economia e do governo no que diz respeito ao pensamento de Agamben. No caso de Foucault, é na questão do biopoder que se mostra o ponto nuclear de nossa leitura. Em razão disto, matizamos o texto em três momentos centrais e que são respectivamente descritos: (i) da premissa investigativa genealógica de Agamben rumo à genealogia de Foucault; (ii) da genealogia de Foucault para releitura genealógica de Agamben; (iii) sobre o método em Agamben: as assinaturas como signos ocultos de uma realidade operativa. Por fim, fechamos o texto considerando que tanto em Agamben como em Foucault a questão do método de investigação filosófica, é de fundamental importância para que possamos compreender a construção de ambas as genealogias filosoficamente. O destaque fica posto no fato de que Agamben é um herdeiro intelectual confesso da senda aberta por Foucault, no que tange as investigações empreendidas ao logo de sua vida intelectual, no que diz respeito à questão das relações de poder que tem como objeto central de seu trabalho filosófico a categoria axiomática de vida.
Environnement alimentaire de la vente au détail et expériences de magasinage dans les collectivités des Premières nations du nord des provinces
Authors: Burnett Kristin , Skinner Kelly , Hay Travis , LeBlanc Joseph , Chambers Lori
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Cet article porte sur l'environnement de la vente d’aliments dans les collectivités
des Premières nations du nord des provinces, en particulier sur la concurrence
éventuelle dans la vente au détail de la North West Company (NWC) ainsi que sur les
expériences d'achats alimentaires de la population vivant dans le Nord canadien.

Méthodologie

Nous avons utilisé deux méthodologies pour évaluer l’environnement
alimentaire de la vente au détail dans le Nord. D’abord, nous avons cartographié les
détaillants en alimentation du Nord afin d’examiner le degré de concurrence au détail
dans les régions nordiques, en prêtant une attention particulière aux collectivités qui ne
sont pas accessibles à l’année par la route. Ensuite, nous avons enquêté auprès des personnes
vivant dans les collectivités du Nord canadien à propos de leurs expériences
d’achat au détail et de magasinage.

Résultats

Cinquante-quatre pour cent des collectivités du nord des provinces et du
Grand Nord n’avaient aucune épicerie en concurrence avec la NWC. Les provinces comptant
les plus fortes proportions de collectivités nordiques sans concurrence dans la vente
au détail étaient l’Ontario (87 %), la Saskatchewan (83 %) et le Manitoba (72 %). Les
participants au sondage (n = 92) ont fait état de leurs préoccupations quant à leurs
expériences d'achat dans trois grands secteurs : le coût des aliments, la qualité et la
fraîcheur des aliments et la disponibilité de certains aliments.

Conclusion

La concurrence dans la vente au détail est limitée dans le nord des provinces.
Au Manitoba, en Saskatchewan et en Ontario, la NWC ne fait face à aucune concurrence
dans au moins 70 % des collectivités nordiques. Les consommateurs du Nord canadien
considèrent que les aliments nutritifs sont peu abordables, et ils souhaitent avoir accès à un
plus grand choix d’aliments périssables en bon état.
Status report - Geographic retail food environment measures for use in public health
Authors: Mahendra Ahalya , Polsky Jane Y. , Robitaille Éric , Lefebvre Marc , McBrien Tina , Minaker Leia M.
Published: October 2017

The Association of Public Health Epidemiologists in Ontario (APHEO) Core Indicators
Work Group standardizes definitions and calculation methods for over 120 public health
indicators to enhance accurate and standardized community health status reporting
across public health units in Ontario. The Built Environment Subgroup is a multi-disciplinary
group made up of planners, researchers, policy analysts, registered dietitians,
geographic information systems (GIS) analysts and epidemiologists. The Subgroup
selected and operationalized a suite of objective, standardized indicators intended to
help public health units and regional health authorities assess their community retail
food environments. The Subgroup proposed three indicators that use readily available
data sources and GIS tools to characterize geographic access to various types of retail
food outlets within neighbourhoods in urban settings. This article provides a status
report on the development of these food environment indicators.
La perfecta mercedaria: discurso histórico de la ejemplaridad barroca en la obra de fray Francisco de Ledesma
Authors: Bejarano Pellicer Clara
Published: October 2017

Esta obra traza un perfil esquemático de las características de la religiosa ideal, propuesta que la orden mercedaria descalza realizó en Madrid en el siglo XVII a través de la codificación y posterior publicación de las vidas de sus más virtuosas representantes.
Contrast fluoroscopic evaluation of gastrointestinal transit times with and without the use of falconry hoods in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis)
Authors: Doss Grayson A. , Williams Jackie M. , Mans Christoph
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE To evaluate gastrointestinal transit times in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) by use of contrast fluoroscopic imaging and investigate the effect of falconry hooding in these hawks on gastrointestinal transit time.

DESIGN Prospective, randomized, blinded, complete crossover study.

ANIMALS 9 healthy red-tailed hawks.

PROCEDURES Hawks were gavage-fed a 30% weight-by-volume barium suspension (25 mL/kg [11.3 mL/lb]) into the crop. Fluoroscopic images were obtained at multiple time points after barium administration. Time to filling and emptying of various gastrointestinal tract organs and overall transit time were measured. The effect of hooding (hooded vs nonhooded) on these variables was assessed in a randomized complete crossover design.

RESULTS In nonhooded birds, overall gastrointestinal transit time ranged from 30 to 180 minutes (mean ± SD, 100 ± 52 min). Time to complete crop emptying ranged from 30 to 180 minutes (83 ± 49 min). Contrast medium was present in the ventriculus in all birds within 5 minutes of administration and in the small intestines within 5 to 15 minutes (median, 5 min). Hooding of red-tailed hawks resulted in a significant delay of complete crop emptying (no hood, 83 ± 49 minutes; hood, 133 ± 48 minutes), but no significant effects of hooding were found on other measured variables.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results indicated that overall gastrointestinal transit times are faster in red-tailed hawks than has been reported for psittacines and that the use of a falconry hood in red-tailed hawks may result in delayed crop emptying. Hooding did not exert significant effects on overall gastrointestinal transit time in this raptorial species.
MANAJEMEN KURIKULUM PROGRAM PROFESI GURU UNTUK DAERAH TERDEPAN, TERLUAR, DAN TERTINGGAL DI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Prasojo Lantip Diat , Wibowo Udik Budi , Hastutiningsih Arum Dwi
Published: October 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh gambaran dan menganalisis manajemen kurikulum program profesi guru untuk program Sarjana Mendidik di daerah Terdepan, Terluar, dan Tertinggal (SM3T) yang diselenggarakan di Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, yang mencakup yang mencakup perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, dan pengawasan kurikulum. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan model evaluasi CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) dan dijelaskan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan penyesuaian kurikulum Program Profesi Guru dilaksanakan setiap tahun ajaran baru yang bersumber dari hasil evaluasi tahun sebelumnya. Pengorganisasian kurikulum yang diselenggarakan merupakan kurikulum yang sudah disusun oleh Pusat, kemudian UNY mengaplikasikannya sesuai dengan Buku Pedoman PPG 2016. Pelaksanaan kurikulum mengacu pada kurikulum yang sudah ditentukan oleh Pusat yang mencakup sistem pembelajaran dan penilaian. Struktur kurikulum mencakup workshop pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran bidang studi disertai implementasi pembelajaran dalam bentuk peer teaching yang dilanjutkan dengan praktik pengalaman lapangan. Pengawasan kurikulum dan pembelajaran dilakukan dengan memantau hasil pencapaian kinerja yang dilakukan pada setiap tahapan pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa manajemen kurikulum yang diselenggarakan oleh Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta untuk program SM-3T telah sesuai dengan aturan yang diberlakukan oleh pemerintah pusat dan memiliki dampak yang baik bagi peserta.
PERAN PUSAT KEGIATAN BELAJAR MASYARAKAT (PKBM) DALAM MENGURANGI BUTA AKSARA DI KABUPATEN KARIMUN*)
Authors: Irmawati Ais -
Published: October 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan 1) masyarakat Kabupaten Karimun berdasarkan pekerjaan; 2) persepsi masyarakat terhadap pendidikan; dan 3) peran Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat (PKBM) dalam mengurangi buta aksara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap warga belajar, tokoh masyarakat, dan Pegawai Dinas Pendidikan serta Diskusi Kelompok Terpimpin. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 1) Pekerjaan masyarakat Kabupaten Karimun adalah buruh, nelayan, penyelam, pedagang, menjadi Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) dengan menggunakan paspor wisatawan yang tidak mensyaratkan pendidikan, dan sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil, 2) Masyarakat mempunyai kesadaran yang rendah terhadap pentingnya pendidikan, mengingat tanpa bersekolah pun mereka dapat memperoleh penghasilan yang besar, dan 3) Peran PKBM di Karimun sangat penting dalam mengurangi buta aksara ditandai dengan banyaknya peserta dewasa yang mengikuti Program Keaksaraan Paket A, B, dan C, serta Keaksaraan Usaha Mandiri dan Keaksaraan. Selain itu, anak-anak juga mengikuti Kelompok Bermain dan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan Peran PKBM sangat penting dalam mengurangi buta aksara di Kabupaten Karimun, karena waktu belajar di PKBM lebih fleksibel dibandingkan dengan sekolah formal. Hambatan pelaksanaan PKBM di Karimun, antara lain jam kerja warga belajar, jauh dan sulitnya jarak tempuh, keterbatasan jumlah tutor dan besar honor tutor.
Removing Sun Glint from Optical Satellite Images of the Shallow Water Areas around Islands in the Spratly Islands Archipelago
Authors: Phan Quoc Yen
Published: October 2017

Remote sensing technology has an important role to provide information for the establishment of habitat and bathymetry maps in shallow water areas. However, sun glint on the water surface has changed spectral reflectance in body water recorded by the sensor, thus seriously distorting water column and benthic properties. So, the sun glint should be removed prior to image analysis to improve the accuracy. This study aims to remove the sun glint from Sentinel-2 multi-spectral satellite images by two common methods of Lyzenga and Hedley for shallow waters in the surrounding areas of the Spratly islands archipelago. The experimental results were evaluated by spectrographic comparison after calibration by the two methods. In addition, the efficiency of the two methods was clearly shown in the application of depth estimation using the Lyzenga method for image data at two points. The result increases the R2 correlation coefficient and decreases the root-mean-square RMSE of the model estimate of the significant amount of depth after calibration.