bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Land regulation in the European Union and Hungary
Authors: Szabó Erika
Published: June 2016

Land, as it constitutes one of the bases of agricultural production, has a special position in the economic-judiciary surroundings of states. In Hungarian history, land ownership has undergone many radical transitions. The decade starting from the political and land regulation reform is a short time in land tenure. In spite of it, there have been several important changes in land ownership structure. In the 1970s and 80s, large agricultural firms, especially co-operatives and state farms, were common in Hungary. State hegemony was typical of land ownership and use, with rather small, privately owned parcels. Since privatization began after 1989, this tendency has changed, with land owned by farmers. In the following article, I am going to review the laws regulating land ownership and land use in Hungary and in the European Union.
Opportunities for the inclusion of less-favoured areas in the Northern Great Plain region
Authors: Bittner Beáta
Published: June 2016

Agricultural economics and its part, rural economics plays a determining role in Hungary. Most rural families perform self-sufficient farm production for a living. In the present conditions of infrastructure and human resources, there are regions where the only rural alternative for employment is agriculture. There are significant differences among the regions considering natural resources and equipment available for farm production, and these differences affect potential income (Vöröset al. 1999). The primary aim of the European Union is to reduce such differences among the regions.The new research program of the University of Debrecen tackles the fundamental questions of regional development through the research and management of social asymmetries by using economic and other relevant tools. This program also provides suggestions for facilitating the development of less-favoured areas.
The value of quality
Authors: Nábrádi András
Published: June 2016

The significance of quality production and quality improvement is widely acknowledged by many but few specify what should be improved and what quality should be produced. The reason may be that there are different quality categories in the process of the value chain. Moreover, the issue of quality costs, i.e. economically optimal quality has not yet been explored yet. The present study raises problems in the pigmeat verticum, but similar studies are needed in other animal husbandry sectors as well. It is reasonable to treat the quality categories of animal products in a complex way, as this allows the full satisfaction of consumer expectations at the certain stages of the value chain and solvent demand as well.
Competitiveness of Polish regional Agro-clusters
Authors: Bronisz Urszula , Heijman Wim
Published: June 2016

The present paper concerns the analysis and evaluation of the performance of regional agro-clusters in Poland and also the examination of the significant basic factors which have influence on it. The objective of the paper is both to rank the 16 Polish regions according to their competitive position in the agrocomplex and to present their economic and social position, show differences and regional contrasts. Also, we compare the outcomes with the overall Polish regional competitive index, which was created in accordance with the Huggins Institute approach.
Efficiency indicators in different dimension
Authors: Nábrádi András , Pető Károly , Balogh Viktória , Szabó Erika , Bartha Andrea , Kovács Krisztián
Published: June 2016

There are several variations of efficiency definitions and of course ratios concerned with efficiency. A better understanding of the notion of efficiency is critical to dissolve ambiguity about it. Many confuse efficiency with other supposedly synonymous notions such as profitability, successfulness, competitiveness, liquidity or productivity. This ambiguity originates not only in subjective reasons, but the lack of hierarchical order among certain ideas. The primary driver in our research is, to systematize efficiency in general, and formulate a new categorical approach of the efficiency in corporate level.
Agribusiness higher education development – ahead: The project results at a glance
Authors: Kárpáti László
Published: June 2016

his booklet that has caught your attention contains basic information about the AHEAD project sponsored by the EU’s TEMPUS grant. This project was carried out between University of Zagreb (and other Croatian partners) and four EU-based universities. The project was very ambitious and it is my pleasure to state that the great majority of the objectives were carried out with high quality during the 3 years project time span. The main results of the AHEAD project can be found in this booklet, and I would like to mention just a few of them: • A new MBA training started in Zagreb with international recognition • 61 subjects of 3 BSc/MSc trainings were reviewed and modified, • a study was created in order to determine the short – and long – term expert demand of the Croatian national economy, • computers, equipment and modern textbooks were purchased from European grant and • finally a personal note: it was spectacular to see the rapid development of University of Zagreb and generally the whole Croatia during the last 3 years. If our project contributed just a little bit to it, the effort certainly was worthwhile.
Less favoured area measure in the Netherlands: a welcome or negligible addition?
Authors: Schouten Marleen , Gaaff Aris , Heijman Wim
Published: June 2016

The Less Favoured Areas (LFAs) Directive (75/268) which was introduced in 1975, was the first common European instrument of regional agricultural structural policy. LFAs are areas where agriculture is hampered by permanent natural handicaps. The major objectives were to ensure the continuation of farming, thereby maintaining a minimum population level and preserving scenic landscapes and environmentally valuable habitats. In the Netherlands, the LFA measure is used as an additional payment, to compensate farmers for negative economic effects due to the conservation of these natural handicaps. It was not implemented as a stand alone policy, but is linked to measures aiming at active nature and landscape conservation management. In this paper, the effects will be examined of the regulations aiming at the conservation of natural handicaps on farm businesses within LFAs, when comparing them to farm businesses outside LFAs, where these regulations and handicaps do not exist. The main data source that was used is the Farm Accountancy Data Network. Reference groups of farms were compiled with the use of the simple and multiple imputation approach in Stars (Statistics for Regional Studies). Both analyses were tested with the use of a parametric and a nonparametric test. When comparing the results of both analyses, it can be concluded that there is no evidence that there is a statistical difference in family farm income corrected for and not corrected for LFA payment between the LFA farm businesses and the reference groups. Based on these findings it can be concluded that the size of the compensatory allowances is small and there is no evidence that it has a significant effect on the family farm income of LFA farm businesses. The main purpose of the Dutch LFA policy is to compensate farm businesses for negative economic effects due to the conservation of natural handicaps. Although this may be true for some individual farms, based on the methods used in this paper, it appears not to be the case for the collectivity of LFA premium beneficiaries as a whole.
The study of group and team management in agribusiness companies
Authors: Szabados György
Published: June 2016

For almost three decades now that the operation of groups and teams became highlighted by scientific examinations and widespread acknowledged leverage for improving corporate efficiency and effectiveness. Much is known about general conditions of operation, still little is known about managerial attitudes, behaviour in operating them. Considering the agribusiness sector, we have hundreds of years of traditions; although operational rules, internal properties, managerial aspects are poorly acknowledged. The Department of Management of University of Debrecen has been conducting research in this field for many years now. Its research program enabled me to work out a questionnaire for surveying agribusiness organizations so that I could identify major and typical characteristics of performance groups. In this article I intend to more precisely describe internal rules, relations and characteristics of this phenomenon.
Performance imbalances in the chain: EU traditional food sector
Authors: Molnár Adrienn , Gellynck Xavier
Published: June 2016

Organizations nowadays no longer competeas independent entities, but as chains(Christopher, 1998; Cox, 1999; Lambertand Cooper, 2000). Hence, being part of a well-performing chain is crucial for the future of the individual food firm, especially in the context of the globalizing economy. As a result, the objective of this study is to identify performance imbalances of traditional food chains.Therefore, quantitative data were collected via individual interviews with 271 chain member (91 suppliers, 91 focal companies and 89 customers) of 91 traditional food chains from three European countries(Belgium, Italy and Hungary), representing six different traditional food product categories (cheese, beer, ham, sausage, white pepper and bakery). The results differentiate six different kinds of chain imbalances, namely: dyadic upper and lower, up-and down stream, internal and external indicate both dyadic and chain-wise imbalance. Most chain imbalances are noticed in relation to lowering logistic costs and to reducing lead time. Future research should extend the list of performance indicators with parameters other than economical ones such as ecological and social ones.
Examining some fields within human resources management
Authors: Dienesné Kovács Erzsébet , Gergely Éva
Published: June 2016

Human resources management is one of the management functions, dealing with people as the essential resource of the organization. This function aims at the most efficient usage of employees in order to realize both organizational and individual goals. Nowadays high significance is attributed to human resources management, since the human factor is the resource that determines the success of an organization. The results of a company are in proportion with the knowledge and talent of the people on its payroll. Human talent and knowledge can be utilized to the greatest extent in case management is able to motivate employees to meet not only the necessary requirements but also to achieve the highest possible results. Human resources management consists of several fields of activities, among which the following are the most important: analysis, planning and assessment of the scope of activities, human resources planning, workforce supply, performance assessment, motivation, developing human resources, labour relations, labour safety, HEM information system. Our studies cover a few fields within human resources management. Our research has been carried out at organizations in Hajdú-Bihar County. The study is based on questionnaires, which have been processed by computers and evaluated using statistical methods.
Changes in costs of precision nutrition depending on crop rotation
Authors: Lencsés Enikő , Takácsné György Katalin
Published: June 2016

By applying precision nutrition the yield heterogeneity owing to the different features of soil spots can be taken into consideration. The planned and sprayed fertilizer adjusted to the expected yield rendered to soil spots can reduce the negative effects of artificial chemicals on soil and environment. The aim of this paper is to examine how the quantity and the cost of fertilizer (material and operational) will change on spot level on a certain plot during a five-year period, considering crop rotation, too. The following crops are in the rotation: winter wheat, corn and sunflower. Precision nutrition can be used in all the cultures mentioned above. Our earlier (static) model calculations have revealed that the threshold price of precision production was lower by 31% than in conventional technology. So it is necessary to explore for a longer period how the profitability of precision nutrition reacts to the changes in input and yield prices in different crops. The risk receptivity of precision nutrition can be characterized with the help of price sensitive analyses. Effects on profitability of other technological elements are not analysed in this paper.
Using DEA to evaluate efficiency of higher education
Authors: Tóth Réka
Published: June 2016

The aim of the higher education reform process both in Hungary and in the European countries is establishing a competitive, qualitative higher education with efficiently operating institutions. The question of efficiency needs increased attention not only because of the decline of the state support but also the rapid raise of the student mass. In the educationsystemit’snot easy to measurethe output of the services.The situation is more complicated if an organisation or a sector has multiple inputs and outputs. In this case a possible method of determining efficiency is Data Envelopment Analysis. In my paper I’d like to introduce this method and use it to compare the efficiency of higher education systems. urthermore I am examining whether their efficiency is influenced by the extent of the contribution of the state and the private sector or socio-economic factors like GDP per capita and education level of parents.
Total Quality Management in the food industry – Current situation and potential in Germany
Authors: Morath Clemens , Doluschitz Reiner
Published: June 2016

The requirements in terms of information availability, risk precaution and control in the food industry continue to increase. In this context the interest of companies in the Total Quality Management (TQM) approach is also increasing. This development attracts notice to Business Excellence and connected systems. Similarly, various quality management tools and techniques are available. In this regard a research project analyzed to what extent the companies in the food industry apply different activities of the TQM scheme. The research calculates the importance that the companies attach to different requirements of TQM and how they implement them. Additionally, statistical analysis provides evidence that there is a positive correlation between the implementation of the activities of TQM and the medium- to longterm success of a company. In this article the methodology and major findings of this research project are presented.
Long-term government responses to sustainable tourism development: principles and strategies
Authors: Vargáné Csobán Katalin , Bauerné Gáthy Andrea
Published: June 2016

Tourism is one of the leading sectors in the world economy. Enhancing its well-known economic, social and environmental benefits while managing its negative impacts are highly important for the national governments in European Union. Strategic planning is essential to meet the long term requirements of sustainability. National sustainable development strategies and tourism strategies are fundamental means of strategic planning as they provide guidance for the decision-makers of the tourism sector. The member states of the European Union have prepared their national sustainable development strategies, furthermore the Union’s common strategy and the national strategies of some member states have already been revised and renewed by now.The Hungarian strategies – National Sustainable Development Strategy and National Tourism Development Strategy – were completed the World Tourism Organization published its twelve aims for an agenda for sustainable tourism in 2005. Consequently these strategies are expected to contain references to the sustainability requirements and environmental, economic and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development. In the present study we analyse the issues of sustainable tourism development in the sustainable development strategies of the EU and Hungary and the National Tourism Development Strategy of Hungary 2005-2013 with special attention to the principles laid down by the WTO in 2005. Our aim is to investigate the cohesion between the principles of sustainable development and sustainable tourism, and their manifestations in some of the strategic documents influencing Hungarian tourism development.
The impact of boundary organizations on decision-making under uncertainty: A multi-agent simulation
Authors: Boissin Denis
Published: June 2016

odern environmental issues imply that decision-makers have the capacity to take into account possibly conflicting information from distinct domains, such as science and economics.As the development of technology increases the temporal and spatial scopes of risks, decision-makers can no longer consider economic and scientific information separately but should encourage experts to work together. Boundary organizations, institutions that cross the gap between two different domains, are able to act beyond the boundaries while remaining accountable to each side (Guston, 2001). By encouraging a flow of information across the boundaries, they permit an exchange to take place, while maintaining the authority of each domain (Cash et al., 2003; Clark et al., 2002). The goal is to simulate boundary organizations to assess their impact on the diffusion of experts’ opinions. The hypothesis tested is whether the existence of a boundary organization eases the decision-making process by reducing the number of opinions expressed. The methodology relies on a multi-agent system based on a model of continuous opinion dynamics (Deffuant et al., 2001) extended over two dimensions. The world is defined by two parameters: the uncertainty, that reflects the possible zone of discussion between experts, and the exchange, which represents the openness of discussions. Agents are described by credibility and conviction: the credibility represents how much other agents may be influenced by an agent, and the conviction represents the resistance of an agent to changing its position. Two kinds of agents are left free to interact, modifying their position in their domain (dimension) through one-to-one exchanges. Agents called borgs are introduced: open to trans-disciplinary discussion, they are able to exchange on both dimensions. The results show that the range of expressed opinions is significantly reduced, even at low levels of experts involved in the boundary organization.
Marketing characteristics of Tokaj wine specialities based on factor and cluster analyses
Authors: Kárpáti László , Szakál Zoltán
Published: June 2016

The marketing kind of analysis in the domestic and international markets of Tokaj’s wine speciality has not happend yet. The present research scientific method supportedly defines the consumers of Tokaj’s wine speciality and it determinates the overlay receipt. The basis of the questionnaire research at the wine consumers cirlce is a representative sample of 1179 people. It confirms the truthfulness with factos and cluster dissection. On the hungarian market 5 sections can be devided, which has been determined by the earning category, the wine savvy and the referene price interval. Tokaj Wine Specialities named “late vintage” are also available. This name can be confusing for the consumer, some do not understand in what they differ from other Tokaj Wine Specialities, as actually all Tokaj Wine Specialities are late vintage wines; particularly, wine is harvested later than usual, occasionally in October or November. The findings obtained during the research can beutilised in practice, too. In accordance with the results and conclusions, we have several practical suggestions. Our methodological suggestion is that the result of the cluster analysis based upon a large number of representative sample should be cross-checked with focus group tests; what is more, upon justification and verification, a detailed analysis of the given segments can also be performed better with this method. It would be worth studying the exact reasons for the popularity of wines with the name ”late vintage”. Such types of Tokaj Wine Specialities should be given higher priority in marketing terms. My suggestion is that the type of wine accepted and liked by consumers should be kept count of as TokajWine Specialities officially, too. The future marketing strategy has to be developed by knowing the sections and by it’s further research which has to integrate to the strategy of Tokaj’s wine region.
The elements of strategic and marketing planning applied in the case of Avital company
Authors: Milikic Sanja
Published: June 2016

Presently, the environment that is characterized by rapid changesinallsocialspheres,thechallengesofrapidadaptation and survival in the market, the ability of thinking and acting in front of ‘’time’’is one of the key factors of success. Every day we have witnessed a large decline of the number of companies, poor implementation of many projects, poor implementation of governmentreforms, and life challenges of people to find work. On the other hand, there are individuals, organizations and companies that face challenges and changes very fast in all world markets and societies. Question that could be asked based on this is ‘’Why and how some companies manage it and the other not?"
Effect of uncertainty on farmers decision making: Case of animal manure use
Authors: Bert Vermeire , Jacques Viaene , Xavier Gellynck
Published: June 2016

Due to the high levels of manure application and the poor use efficiency of manure, the European agriculture is held responsible for a considerable negative impact on surface water quality (Langeveld et al., 2007). This problem has emerged particularly in Western-European countries such as the UK, Belgium, The Netherlands and Denmark, facing a large expansion and intensification process in the livestock production since the 1960s (Van der Straeten et al., 2008). Policy measures related to the application of manure on the land encompass two major measures: emission rights, understood as the amount of nutrients which can be applied on the land, differentiated by crop and the N spreading calendars, whereby the manure can only be applied when the crop needs nutrients. The fundamental aim of this pillar is to maximising application rate while avoiding overfertilisation. Maximizing the application rate is related to the economic sustainability of the agricultural sector, by altering the manure surplus, while avoiding overfertilisation is imperative in enhancing ecological sustainability, by preventing nitrate leaching to surface and soil waters. For nitrate policy to meet its target, the farmers should not exceed their emission rights, however make optimal use of their emission right for manure. Consequently, the successful implementation of sink-related measures will strongly depend of the absorptive capacity of farmers towards new ways of nutrient management in general and of animal manures in particular.
Toxocara canis: una zoonosis frecuente a nivel mundial
Authors: Rojas-Salamanca Ana Carolina , León-Bustamante María Camila , Bustamante-Saavedra Olga Rocío
Published: June 2016

La toxocariasis, causada principalmente por Toxocara canis, es una de las zoonosis más comunes a nivel mundial; se presenta con mayor frecuencia en niños, asociada a condiciones desfavorables de higiene, hacinamiento, convivencia con perros parasitados, el nivel socioeconómico, la ubicación geográfica y los entornos en los cuales los animales depositan sus heces, lo que se convierte en un gran foco de contaminación para los humanos. El Toxocara canis ingresa al ser humano por contacto directo con heces de perro o por contaminación de alimentos. La carga parasitaria es de vital importancia, ya que está relacionada directamente con la gravedad de la enfermedad, con los diferentes síndromes que se producen y con la respuesta inmune desencadenada por el organismo, teniendo en cuenta el ciclo de vida que se lleva a cabo en el organismo humano. Para esta enfermedad no se puede realizar un diagnóstico por técnicas coproparasitológicas, por lo cual es necesario utilizar otros métodos, como el aumento de leucocitos con presencia de eosinofilia, la prueba de ELISA y, en algunos casos, por medio de biopsias.
Comportamiento de la biomasa y de las tasas de crecimiento de dos variedades de lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) en Pachavita, Boyacá
Authors: Almanza-Merchán Pedro José , Tovar-León Yeily Paola , Velandia-Díaz Julián David
Published: June 2016

Se estudió la dinámica del crecimiento y desarrollo del fruto de dos variedades de lulo (chonto grueso y criollo) bajo las condiciones del municipio de Pachavita (Boyacá). Se evaluaron la biomasa seca y las tasas de Crecimiento Absoluto (TAC) y de Crecimiento Relativa (TRC). Los frutos de las dos variedades presentaron crecimiento tipo sigmoide simple, con tres fases que se describieron como: FI (división celular), FII (elongación celular) y FIII (maduración). La variedad Chonto grueso mostró un incremento exponencial en la TAC, que abarcó la FI y parte de la FII, hasta los 78 días después de antesis (dda), cuando alcanzó su mayor valor, de 0,117 g/día, y una rápida ganancia de masa seca hasta este punto; luego disminuyó hasta la cosecha. La variedad Criollo mostró un aumento lento en la FI, que fue progresivo hasta llegar a su máximo valor a los 128 dda, acumulando 0,107 g/día, lo que implicó un aumento de tamaño más lento en el tiempo; demostrando mayor poder vertedero inicial en la variedad Chonto grueso, respecto a la variedad Criollo, en términos de materia seca. La TRC para la variedad Chonto grueso mostró una lenta disminución en la FI, reduciéndose drásticamente en la FII y lentamente en la FIII; en tanto que la variedad Criollo mostró un descenso gradual y constante hasta los 140 dda. Se estableció, para la variedad Chonto grueso en la FIII, y en general para la variedad Criollo, una baja tasa de variación del tamaño por unidad de tamaño inicial.
Identification of the main active ingredients of agrochemicals used around the Lake of Tota, Colombia
Authors: Pérez-Holguín Wilson Javier , Grandas-Rincón Isnardo Antonio , Ramírez-Acevedo Lizeth Natalia , Torres-Barrera Nixon Hernán
Published: June 2016

This paper presents a descriptive study aimed at identifying the main active ingredients, frequency of use, and the processes employed in the application of the agrochemicals most used around the Lake of Tota, which is considered the most important freshwater ecosystem in Colombia. A key source for this study is a survey to farmers, which sampling frame was established from a Geographical Institute Agustin Codazzi (IGAC) digital map, considering only the plots with some agricultural activity and runoff into the lake. This information was supplemented with geographic data obtained from Google Maps®. As control mechanism, two additional sources were used: i) a manual count of packaging of agrochemicals in a certified collection center, and ii) a census of stores that supply such products in the study area. The results allow knowing the set of agrochemicals most used around the lake, their active ingredients, and the most common farming practices, some of which could entail some risk to farmers, consumers and the environment.
Implantação de BIM em uma construtora de médio porte: caso prático, da modelagem a quantificação
Authors: Neiva Neto Romeu da Silva , Faria Brayer Luiz de , Bizello Sérgio Adriano
Published: June 2016

Information and Communication Technologies has been, in recent years, gaining ground in building construction. In Brazil, Building Information Modeling (BIM) adoption in construction firms around the country is an evidence of such growth. It first happened in firms near big economic centers; however now interest is spreading throughout the rest of the territory. This article aims to explain briefly the steps taken for BIM Implementation at a corporate building project in Aparecida de Goiânia. The BIM implementation process was done in collaboration with the University of Campinas in an action research. The research applied modeling practices and model management activities to evaluate the benefits of a model-based approach at a construction firm design process. The accomplished benefits are relate to error reduction and omissions in design and the precision of quantity take-off in the estimate process.
Desempenho acústico de divisórias verticais em blocos de gesso: uma avaliação a partir de medições de campo e em laboratório
Authors: Silva Júnior Otávio Joaquim da , Rêgo Silva José Jéferson do , Pinheiro Marco Antonio Silva
Published: June 2016

Com a entrada em vigor da norma de desempenho das edificações habitacionais, valores mínimos de desempenho quanto ao isolamento acústico entre cômodos passaram a ser exigidos. Na busca ao atendimento dessas exigências, muitos construtores têm investido na obtenção de resultados do índice de redução sonora de divisórias em alvenarias de blocos cerâmicos ou concreto. No entanto, elementos construtivos como, por exemplo, paredes em blocos de gesso não têm sido alvo destas investigações com tanto fomento. Na região nordeste do Brasil, onde há uma grande concentração de jazidas naturais de gipsita, muitas construções são feitas em paredes de blocos de gesso, em razão do baixo custo e de condições climáticas da região. Diante da escassez de informações de propriedades acústicas das paredes em blocos de gesso, neste trabalho são apresentados valores do índice de redução sonora ponderado para duas paredes construídas em blocos de gesso maciço com 100mm de espessura, ambas ensaiadas em laboratório conforme métodos preconizados nas normas internacionais ISO 10140. Dos resultados obtidos, as paredes avaliadas em campo atendem a requisitos mínimos da norma brasileira de desempenho (40 dB) apenas nas paredes entre unidades habitacionais autônomas, nas situações onde não há ambiente de dormitório. Em laboratório, a mesma parede atenderá aos requisitos mínimos se for construída como parede cega de salas e cozinhas entre uma unidade habitacional e áreas comuns de trânsito eventual, como corredores e escadaria dos pavimentos (39 db). Os resultados em campo são superiores aos obtidos por ensaio em laboratório, indo de encontro ao que a norma de desempenho prevê. Isso reforça a importância da realização dos ensaios em campo.
Mapa acústico como ferramenta de avaliação de ruído de tráfego veicular em Aracaju – Brasil
Authors: Guedes Italo César Montalvão , Bertoli Stelamaris Rolla
Published: June 2016

O ruído de tráfego é uma das principais questões que afetam o bem - estar e a saúde humana em ambientes urbanos. Este artigo mostra uma aplicação de mapa acústico como ferramenta para avaliação do ruído de tráfego veicular urbano através de simulações acústicas (software Predictor, versão 9.0 - Brüel & Kjær). O objeto de estudo foi um trecho da Av. Augusto Franco, importante avenida na zona urbana da cidade de Aracaju, Brasil. A modelagem acústica e simulações foram baseadas em medições de dados acústicos, de tráfego e geométricos coletados em novembro/dezembro de 2013 e junho de 2014. Os resultados foram discutidos com base em mapas acústicos do cenário atual, seguidos pela criação e simulação de cenários hipotéticos de composição e fluxo de veículos. Foram feitas análises comparativas entre descritores acústicos dos mapas e legislação municipal, normas - internacional e nacional, além da literatura técnica de ruído urbano. Os resultados revelam a existência do impacto do ruído de tráfego no trecho analisado, o que pode causar desconforto ou até mesmo efeitos adversos à saúde da população exposta. Este estudo aponta a importância do desenvolvimento de mapas acústicos para análise do ruído ambiental por meio de diversos cenários com alteração de características de tráfego de uma dada região, visando melhores condições de conforto acústico nas cidades e podendo subsidiar a tomada de decisão de políticas públicas de urbanização.
Sindrome de Poland: Un caso con dextrocardia.
Authors: TORI TORI Carlos , SABOGAL CARREÑO Alberto
Published: June 2016

We report on a case of Poland anomaly (defect of the muscle pectoralis major and symbrachydactyly on the same side) with dextrocardia. The absence of the pectoralis major muscle without the limb anomaly can be a variant of the Poland sequence (1).While most of the reported cases of this syndrome is in the right side (2) and without rib defects, in our patient the anomaly was on the left side, accompanied by dextrocardia and with anomalies of the rib cage.
Sífilis tardía. Reporte de un caso.
Authors: ZEGARRA P Jaime , CHIRINOS L Jesús
Published: June 2016

A 48 year-old male presented with a 6 month history of a dementia syndrome, memory deficit, impairment of judgement, and right sligth hemiplegia, and sexual promiscuity. ELISA for HIV was negative; the VDRL and FTA-abs for syphilis were positive (1/8 and 3+ respectively); VDRL int the CSF was positive (1/8) making the diagnosis of neurological syphilis. In addition, significant NMR images are presented. The patient received penicilin I.V. with clinical, neurological and radiological improvement.
El embarazo no exacerba la dermatomiositis.
Authors: BERROCAL Alfredo , RAMÍREZ Erick , CALVO Armando
Published: June 2016

We report four pregnancies in three dermatomyositis female patients who had their disease under control from beginning, during the course of their pregnancies, and the Postpartum period. Two females were off steroids and one received prednisone and azathioprine until week 16th of pregnancy when azathioprine was taken off, remaining only on prednisone, Neither case had a disease relapse. All babies were alive and full term newbornes, they also were adequate for gestational age and none had congenital malformations.
Prevalencia de vaginitis y vaginosis bacteriana en pacientes con flujo vaginal anormal en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza.
Authors: MEDINA Ruth , RECHKEMMER PRIETO Adolfo , GARCIA-HJARLES Marco
Published: June 2016

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de vaginitis y vaginosis bacteriana en pacientes con flujo vaginal y su asociación con características clínicas y de laboratorio. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal. Se estudiaron 370 pacientes que acudieron a la consulta ginecológica del Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza de enero a marzo de 1998. A todas las pacientes se les tomó muestras de flujo vaginal para la medición del pH, del test de amina y la identificación microscópica de “células clave”, Trichomonas vaginalis, levaduras e hifas. Resultados: La prevalencia de infección vaginal fue de 42.2%; siendo vaginosis bacteriana la infección más frecuente (23.24%), seguido de candidiasis vaginal (16.2%) y tricomoniasis vaginal (7.8%). Vaginosis bacteriana estuvo asociada a mal olor postcoital, ausencia de signos inflamatorios en vagina, flujo vaginal blanquecino, lechoso, homogéneo y fétido. La candidiasis vaginal estuvo asociada a prurito, ardor vulvovaginal, eritema vulvar y vaginal, flujo vaginal amarillento, grumoso sin olor, test de amina negativo; así como ausencia de relaciones sexuales, ningún compañero sexual en el último año, ninguna gestación, una vida sexual menor de dos años y paridad de ninguno a un hijo. La tricomoniasis vaginal estuvo asociada a eritema vaginal, flujo vaginal amarillo verdoso, espumoso, homogéneo y fétido y test de amina positivo. Conclusión: Un diagnóstico correcto y oportuno de las infecciones vaginales no debe basarse sólo en las características clínicas sino en la confirmación con métodos sencillos de laboratorio.
Origen de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia.
Authors: PORTURAS PLAZA Fernando
Published: June 2016

Nuestra Universidad tiene su origen en el movimiento universitario generado en los años 60 y 61 por autoridades y profesores de la Facultad de Medicina de San Fernando, en defensa de los principios y normas que universalmente rigen y orientan la educación superior. Este movimiento educacional estuvo liderado por los insignes Maestros, Profesores Honorio Delgado y Alberto Hurtado.
Problemas éticos en la autoría y en la divulgación de los resultados de la investigación biomédica.
Authors: MIYAHIRA ARAKAKI Juan
Published: June 2016

El término “biomédico” es utilizado frecuentemente en la práctica de la medicina y muchas veces sin conocer su verdadero significado (1). Asi se habla de investigación biomédica, publicación biomédica y biomedicina. Veamos el significado de la palabra “biomédico” o biomedicina.
Injurias con objetos punzocortantes en el personal de salud del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia.
Authors: PEINADO RODRÍGUEZ Jesús , LLANOS CUENTAS Alejandro , SEAS Carlos
Published: June 2016

Objetivo: Determinar la tasa de injurias por objetos punzocortantes y las características epidemiológicas de las injurias por objetos punzocortantes (IOPC) en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia. Material y métodos: Durante 2 semanas de febrero de 1998, los trabajadores de salud (TS) fueron evaluados en cuatro tiempos randomizados. En cada evaluación los TS respondieron dos cuestionarios diseñados para colectar datos demográficos e información especifica acerca de la IOPC. Resultados: Se realizaron un total de 901 observaciones. La edad media fue 32 ± 8.8 años. La tasa cruda de injuria fue de 36.6 x 1000 personas. La mayoría de las injurias sucedieron en personal no médico (58%), fueron causados por agujas (77%), ocurrieron cerca de la cama (53%) y durante las primeras 4 horas de trabajo (58%). Los TS usaron guantes en 41% de las injurias, pero la talla inadecuada fue de 62% de ellos. La tasa mas alta (por 1000) fue observada en el personal que labora en el servicio de lavandería (90.9) y que labora como dentista (90.1). Los grupos de riesgo identificados fueron: edad menor de 20 años (OR 1.1; 95% CI 1.04-1.17), sexo  femenino (OR 3.16 95% CI 1.4-7), laborar en el servicio de odontología (OR: 4.5 95% CI 1.2-8.8) y ser lavandera (OR: 4.6 95% CI 3.1-9.9). Los datos tomados sugieren un entrenamiento laboral en las poblaciones en riesgo y suficientes recursos. ( Rev Med Hered 2000; 11:48-53 ).
Estudio retrospectivo de la ocurrencia de accidente cerebrovascular en pacientes diabéticos.
Authors: NEIRA SANCHEZ Elsa Rosa , SECLEN SANTISTEBAN Segundo
Published: June 2016

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de diabetes mellitus en la población hospitalizada por ACV, describir las características clínicas del ACV en pacientes diabéticos y no diabéticos y determinar la presencia de otros factores de riesgo para ACV en pacientes diabéticos. Material y Métodos: Es un estudio retrospectivo que incluye pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico al alta de ACV, a los que se aplicaron criterios de selección para definir ACV y Diabetes Mellitus. Resultados: La prevalencia del ACV tipo isquémico fue mayor en los pacientes diabéticos que en los no diabéticos (83% vs. 57%, p<0.005). De los pacientes diabéticos, 11 de ellos fueron diagnosticados en el momento de la hospitalización, de los 30 pacientes con diagnóstico previo de esta patología el 33% tenían de 10 a 15 años de diagnóstico de diabetes y 24% tenían más de 15 años de enfermedad. La mayoría de pacientes diabéticos eran portadores de nefropatía diabética (73%)y retinopatía diabética (46%). La hipertensión arterial fue 1.2 veces más frecuente en los pacientes diabéticos que en los no diabéticos. También se encontraron más alteraciones en el perfil lipídico de los pacientes diabéticos. Conclusiones: El 15% de la población con ACV tuvo diagnóstico de Diabetes Mellitus. El ACV tipo isquémico fue mas frecuente en los pacientes diabéticos. En los pacientes diabéticos el ACV ocurre mas frecuentemente en aquellos con mas de diez años de enfermedad en los que la diabetes contribuye a aumentar el daño vascular, pero además presentan otras patologías que contribuyen a este daño, como hipertensión arterial, enfermedad cardiovascular y dislipidemias. ( Rev Med Hered 2000; 11:54-61 ).
Encuesta Latinoamericana sobre la Actitud de los Profesionales de la Salud hacia la Prescripción de los Psicofármacos. Estudio comparativo con la Realidad Peruana.
Authors: GALLI SILVA Enrique , HEINZE Gerardo , ESCALANTE Carlos A. , FERNÁNDEZ LABRIOLA Roberto , LEON Carlos , MORENO Ricardo A. , NARDI Antonio E. , PACHECO Antonio , PEÑALVER Julio C. , VENGOECHEA Jaime
Published: June 2016

Son pocos los estudios realizados sobre la imagen de los psicofármacos. Objetivo: Describir la actitud de los profesionales de la salud latinoamericanos (médicos psiquiatras, no psiquiatras y psicólogos) hacia la prescripción de Psicofármacos, la preferencia de tratamiento para las enfermedades mentales y la actitud de los pacientes ante la prescripción de los psicofármacos según la opinión de los médicos. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, comparativo y prospectivo. Se efectuó una encuesta para las siguientes enfermedades mentales: Depresión, esquizofrenia, ansiedad, trastorno bipolar, epilepsia, farmacodependencia, alcoholismo, T. obsesivo compulsivo, fobias, T. de la personalidad y T. de la alimentación. Se construyó una escala actitudinal formada por 27 itemes ordinales tipo Lickert. Resultados: En cuanto a los aspectos negativos se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos (p<0.001), los psiquiatras obtuvieron una media de 2.15± 0.58 mientras que la obtenida por los psicólogos fue de 3.05± 0.73 puntos. Para los aspectos positivos también mostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos (p<0.001); los psiquiatras obtuvieron una media de 3.99±0.52 mientras que la obtenida por los psicólogos fue de 3.20±0.64 puntos. En la actitud hacia la prescripción, los médicos psiquiatras y los psicólogos difirieron de los médicos no psiquiatras, estos últimos mostraron mayor acuerdo en que los psicofármacos son mal administrados. El acuerdo sobre el uso conjunto de la psicoterapia y de la farmacoterapia es aceptado en general por los tres grupos estudiados, mostrando una mayor aceptación por parte de los psicólogos. La preferencia por distintos tratamientos para las enfermedades mentales mostró diferencias significativas entre los tres grupos estudiados en todos los padecimientos. Los médicos indicaron que los pacientes aceptan los psicofármacos con objeciones y aceptan la indicación médica no muy convencidos en primer lugar y segundo lugar, respectivamente. En la actitud de los pacientes ante la prescripción de los psicofármacos, el miedo a ser dependientes ocupó el primer lugar. En segundo lugar, los pacientes abandonan el tratamiento por el consejo de sus familiares y en tercer lugar los pacientes abandonan el tratamiento por los efectos secundarios.
Historia de los Servicios de Emergencia de Lima y Callao*.
Authors: UGARTE TABOADA Claudia
Published: June 2016

La motivación para realizar el presente trabajo fue la de conocer más profundamente como fue el manejo de los pacientes de emergencia a lo largo de la historia, confirmar como van evolucionando los pensamientos y los conceptos, para luego poder hacer una proyección a futuro de como debería de funcionar, y como tendría que organizarse un servicio de emergencia para el futuro.
El fraude en los ensayos clínicos en humanos
Authors: RODRIGUEZ PANTIGOSO Wuilbert
Published: June 2016

Se considera fraude la fabricación, falsificación y el plagio en la propuesta, ejecución y comunicación de los experimentos. Se excluyen los errores de juicio, selección o análisis de los datos, las divergencias de opiniones que afectan a la interpretación de los resultados, y las negligencias no relacionadas con el proceso de investigación” (Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Estados Unidos).
Oportunidad de Investigación Médica en los Hospitales
Authors: HURTADO ABADÍA Alberto
Published: June 2016

No es necesario insistir en el hecho de que el progreso de la Medicina se debe fundamentalmente a la labor de investigación. Y la historia demuestra que, en esta última, el hospital ha desempeñado un rol importante. A mediados del siglo pasado la ciencia Médica fue vigorosamente impulsada y se puede decir que hasta revolucionada en sus conceptos por los estudios clínicos y las observaciones anátomo-patológicas llevados a cabo en los centros hospitalarios. Más tarde, el descubrimiento del misterioso mundo microbiano y el aparente predominio de la función sobre la estructura en la explicación de las modalidades de la enfermedad, llevaron a los laboratorios de bacteriología y fisiología las principales tareas investigadoras. Pero en los últimos años las nuevas tendencias y orientaciones en la evolución de la ciencia médica han sido responsables de que el Hospital adquiera nuevamente un papel insustituible en la tarea investigadora. Tratemos de revisar, muy brevemente, y sólo en sus aspectos generales, la naturaleza de las oportunidades que ofrecen sus salas y consultorios para el estudioso, inquieto por hallar una respuesta a tantas interrogantes y deseoso de contribuir ,como es deber de todo médico, al progreso de la Medicina con un esfuerzo personal, aparte del cumplimiento de sus deberes relacionados con la conservación de la salud física y espiritual o su recuperación, cuando está alterada.
Cáncer tiroideo en niños: Terapia y seguimiento en carcinoma bien diferenciado.
Authors: SÁNCHEZ-VÁSQUEZ Raúl , SÁNCHEZ ROBLES Raúl , MUÑOZ CARBAJAL Pedro , MACEDA NUÑEZ Walter , TREFOGLI REY Pablo , DIEGUEZ Julio , CABELLO MORALES Emilio , MEDINA DELGADO Mercedes del Pilar
Published: June 2016

We report two cases of well differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) in two girls who showed their first symptoms at 4 years 6 months and 7 years 2 months. Both underwent total thyroidectomy and removal of metastatic lymph nodes. In the first case pathology informed a mixed DTC (papillar/follicular). In the first case we discuss the difficulties that may arise due to the unspecified signs and symptoms that led to an initial diagnosis of goiter and thyroiditis. We emphasize the importance of age, sex, the presence of cervical adenopathy and associated hoarness in order to establish the diagnosis of DTC. In the second case we point out the diagnostic importance of the progressive growth of the cold thyroid nodule. We review the different surgical approaches of resection supporting the advantages of the total over the subtotal thyroidectomy we had done on our patients. We analyze the concepts of uni and multifocality of DTC taking into consideration the possibility of death even among low risk patients. We discuss the higher frequency of relapse in patients who were not treated with radioactive iodine (I-131) or who were given low doses of iodine. We establish the advantages of post-surgical ablation with high doses (100 to 150 mCi) of I-131, based on the longer patient survival and minimum recurrences. The first studied case has had 15 years 9 month of survival with no recurrences up to date. The second studied case has had 6 years 10 month of survival, also with no recurrences up to date. We also emphasize the importance of an adequate suppressive hormone dose (200 mcg day of thyroxine) based on the concept of the TSH dependance of this tumors. We conclude mentioning that the prognosis depends an adequate follow up schedule.