bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical casuistic in dogs at a Veterinary Hospital - Piauí State Federal University
Authors: Rodrigues Nhirneyla Marques , Quessada Ana Maria , Fonseca Ana Paula Barros , Dantas Sávio Soares Barbosa , Camapum Jaqueline Lustosa Rodrigues , Silva Filipi Alexandre Do Nascimento
Published: July 2019

The objective of this report was to record surgical procedures performed in 241 dogs in a teaching veterinary hospital. There were 40 elective surgical procedures (16.6%) and 201 therapeutic surgical procedures (83.4%). The most frequent procedure was ovariohysterectomy (OH), 65% (26/40) and 24.38% (49/201), respectively, for elective and therapeutic surgical procedures. Among therapeutic surgical procedures were registered fracture reduction (16.91%, 34/201), mastectomies (13.93%, 28/201), drainage of the otohematoma (12.94%; 26/201) and ophthalmic surgical procedures (5.47%, 11/201). The high percentage of therapeutic surgical procedures conducted demonstrates the complexity of the cases attended daily in a teaching veterinary hospital.
O método da autoetnografia na pesquisa sociológica: atores, perspectivas e desafios
Authors: Santos Silvio Matheus Alves
Published: July 2019

A proposta deste artigo é apresentar a autoetnografia enquanto gênero da etnografia e método de pesquisa qualitativo, visando a entender como alguns aspectos tornam-se importantes para o desenvolvimento de nossa pesquisa doutoral. Dessa forma, objetiva-se expor e desenvolver os aspectos fundamentais e mais específicos do conceito de autoetnografia, suas bases e potencialidades. Assim, pretende-se argumentar que a autoetnografia pode ser reconhecida como metodologia científica e crítica, capaz de desvendar, em sua maneira autorreflexiva, novos e profícuos caminhos para a pesquisa sociológica.
Foucault, governamentalidade e crítica, de Thomas Lemke
Authors: Lemke Thomas
Published: July 2019

LEMKE, Thomas. "Foucault, Governmentality, and Critique". Rethinking Marxism, 14:3, 2002, pp. 49-64, DOI: 10.1080/089356902101242288.
The Analgesic Elephant and the Black Rose of India (Achilles Tatius 4.2-5)
Authors: Hilton John
Published: July 2019

This article examines the discourse of Charmides, an army general attempting to suppress the banditry of the boukoloi in the Nile delta, about the analgesic power of the breath of elephants fed on the ‘black rose of India’ in Achilles Tatius’ novel, Leucippe and Clitophon (4.2-5). It explores the narrative context, the characterization of the military commander, the use of elephants as moral exempla for human behaviour, and the sub-text of Charmides’ speech. It considers how the discourse of the general relates to the theme of Plato’s dialogue, Charmides—sōphrosynē (sexual restraint)—and argues that Charmides’ account of the elephant and the ‘black rose of India’ are best understood as extended metaphors that are designed to coerce Leucippe into having sexual relations with him.
The Muslimist Self and Fashion: Implications for Politics and Markets
Authors: Cevik Neslihan
Published: July 2019

This article introduces the rise of a new religious expression, Muslimism, in Turkey at the turn of the 21st century. I identify Muslimism as a prominent example of a new global category of religion, New Religious Orthodoxies (NRO). Muslimism and NROs neither reject nor submit to global modernity but engage aspects of it using religious categories. I then link Muslimism and NROs to the broader discussions on Muslim subjectivity formation, looking at Islamic fashion and how Muslimists respond to global modernity and its imaginaries, practices, and institutions. My empirical findings show that, historically, Islamic fashion has functioned as a site of hybridity, allowing pious Muslim females to resist binary patterns of identity, public space, and everyday activities, to challenge authoritarian formulations of religious community and redefine the (female) self as a legitimate moral and cultural agent by tapping into key Islamic notions. These findings have broad implications. Theoretically, they show that even in an area such as Islamic fashion, reduced by many as an oxymoron created by market forces, Muslim subjectivity formation goes beyond the choices of rejection of modernity or assimilation of Islam. Mapping these possibilities reveals greater insights into how religious groups engage modernity while remaining within the limits of orthodoxy, as well as their potent agency in challenging existing sources of self-formation and collective identity. Regarding policy, Muslimism illustrates a third way between fundamentalism and aggressive secularism that can negotiate tensions between religious orthodoxy and individual rights, the secular state and moral freedoms, and the West and Islam.
The Jellyfish’s Pleasures: Philebus 20b-21d
Authors: O’Reilly Katharine R.
Published: July 2019

Scholars have characterised the trial of the life of pleasure in Philebus 20b-21d as digressive or pejorative. I argue that it is neither: it is a thought experiment containing an important argument, in the form of a reductio, of the hypothesis that a life could be most pleasant without cognition. It proceeds in a series of steps, culminating in the precisely chosen image of the jellyfish. Understanding the intended resonance of this creature, and the sense in which it is deprived, is critical for reconstructing the argument, and yields new insight into Plato’s views on the minimal conditions for pleasure.
Newly-Discovered Manuscripts of a Northern-Chinese Horse King Temple Association
Authors: Shahar Meir
Published: July 2019

Written documents from rural north China are rare. This essay examines the newly-discovered records of a Shanxi village association, which was dedicated to the cult of the Horse King. The manuscripts detail the activities, revenues, and expenditures of the Horse King temple association over a hundred-year period (from 1852 until 1956). The essay examines them from social, cultural, and religious perspectives. The manuscripts reveal the internal workings and communal values of a late imperial village association. They unravel the social and economic structure of the village and the centrality of theater in rural culture. Furthermore, the manuscripts bring to the fore a forgotten cult and its ecological background: the Horse King was among the most widely worshiped deities of late imperial China, his flourishing cult reflecting the significance of his protégés – horses, donkeys, and mules – in the agrarian economy.
Development of Pasteuria penetrans on different field populations of Meloidogyne spp. from Pakistan
Authors: Kamran Muhammad , Javed Nazir , Abbas Huma , Khan Sajid Aleem , Ullah Ihsan , Ehetisham Ul Haq Muhammad , Hussain Manzoor , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: July 2019

Pasteuria penetrans is a hyperparasite with potential as a biological control agent of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. In this study two exotic Pasteuria isolates (PP-3 and PP-J) were developed on different Meloidogyne spp. collected from different districts of Punjab, Pakistan. The development of PP-3 and PP-J on different field populations of Meloidogyne spp. showed differential infectivity in terms of nematode reproduction variables. The development of PP-3 and PP-J was maximum on tomato as compared to cucumber. It was probably due to more invasion sites for nematodes present in the tomato roots. However, a bigger root system has not always been a guarantee for development of Pasteuria on Meloidogyne spp. For successful development of Pasteuria, the key parameters are the percentage of infected females, number of endospores (female)−1 or endospores (mg root powder)−1. The results of these parameters are greater in tomato as compared to cucumber.
Morphological and molecular characterisation of Ektaphelenchoides tonekabonensis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Ektaphelenchinae) from northern Iran
Authors: Aliramaji Farzad , Pourjam Ebrahim , Miraeiz Esmaeil , Pedram Majid
Published: July 2019

Ektaphelenchoides tonekabonensis n. sp. is described and illustrated based upon morphological, morphometric and molecular characters. The new species is characterised by 476-659 μm long females, lip region broad and continuous with body contour, two weak lateral bands barely visible in lateral view and cross section, needle-like stylet with its conus forming ca 50% of the total length and with a very narrow lumen in the shaft, excretory pore located just opposite the metacorpus base or slightly posterior, a dense (sclerotised) mass just anterior to the vagina, a short post-uterine sac 5-7 μm long, elongate conoid distal body region ending in a long filiform part, males common with a dorsally convex conical tail ending to a filiform tip, 7-8 μm long spicules with a small projection at the capitulum close to the condylus, its tip posteriorly bent, and five precloacal + caudal papillae. Based upon morphological similarities and phylogenetic affinities, it is similar to six known species of the genus, namely: E. attenuata, E. caspiensis, E. fuchsi, E. kelardashtensis, E. musae, and E. ruehmi. Ektaphelenchoides caspiensis is typologically most similar to the new species and can be separated based on vulval position, excretory pore position and male tail characters. The next most similar species, E. kelardashtensis, has a longer stylet and posteriorly located excretory pore. Comparisons with the other aforementioned species and typologically similar species under Seinura are also discussed. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed using Bayesian inference (BI) based upon two partial small and large subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU and LSU rDNA D2-D3) sequences and the phylogenetic affinities of the new species in both phylogenies were discussed.
The Virtue of Joy
Authors: Collins Ashok
Published: July 2019

In this article, I examine the presence of Spinoza within Jean-Luc Nancy’s deconstruction of Christianity project. Although the debt Nancy owes to other philosophers such as Derrida and Heidegger has been recognized, less well known is his reliance on a Spinozist frame of reference throughout his writings on Christianity. Analyzing Nancy’s reading of key moments within the deconstruction of Christianity—the doctrines of creation ex nihilo and the incarnation—I explore how the coupling of transcendence and immanence in a Heideggerian ontological mode can be enlightened by Spinoza’s philosophy. What takes shape is a profoundly embodied and affective relationality that I argue is the central resource Nancy wishes to expose at the heart of both Christianity and the secular West.
The Verge of Silence
Authors: Tate Daniel L.
Published: July 2019

Gadamer’s question “Are Poets Falling Silent?” is motivated by the “linguistic need” (Sprachnot) of modern lyric indicative of the “forgetfulness of language” (Sprachvergessenheit) that prevails today. In Paul Celan’s late work, Gadamer finds poetry that, bordering on the cryptic, stands on the verge of silence. Nevertheless, he insists that these poems do speak and that the title of Celan’s poem series, Breath-crystal, figures the truth of the poetic word. From this standpoint the paper discusses Gadamer’s hermeneutic understanding of the poetic word treating the constitutive elements of the poetic word as an event of language, the way this conception of the poetic word both embraces and yet departs from the usual understanding of the radical turn to language in modern lyric, and the meaning of Gadamer’s claim regarding the truth of the poetic word that fulfills the original saying power of language.
Exordio: Towards a Hermeneutics of Liberation
Authors: Vallega Alejandro A.
Published: July 2019

Liberatory thought in Latin American philosophy leads to the question of the reinterpretation of historical time consciousness. In the following pages I first introduce the challenge as articulated out of Latin American thought, particularly with reference to Enrique Dussel and Aníbal Quijano, and then I develop a reinterpretation of historical time consciousness in its happening as understood through Hans-Georg Gadamer’s discussion of effected historical consciousness (Wirkungsgeschichtliches Bewußtsein) in Truth and Method. As already marked by this trajectory, this essay is not comparative, but, through a dialogue with these thinkers, seeks to rethink the temporalizing-historical movement that is historical consciousness as a possible path to engaging in and understanding liberatory philosophy.
A Necessary but Impossible Political Practice: Althusser between Machiavelli and Marx
Authors: Bruschi Fabio
Published: July 2019

Althusser’s Machiavelli and Us has often been considered as the French Marxist’s first step on the path beyond Marxism. This article opposes this interpretation by showing that, while Machiavelli helps Althusser to renounce any attempt to deduce a communist political practice from the necessity portrayed by a theory of history, Althusser was mindful not to identify the relationship between the communist party and the masses with the relationship between the Prince and the people. From a Marxist perspective, a communist political practice must further the autonomous political initiatives of the masses that delineate a tendency towards the withering-away of the state and cannot merge with a practice of governing the people. This is why Marxism must not forsake its theory of history but employ it in the process of the subtraction of the party to its becoming-state by detecting the conditions of impossibility of the duration of a communist political practice.
Appreciative and Faithful?
Authors: Xu Ximian
Published: July 2019

This article is intended to assess Karl Barth’s appreciative use of Herman Bavinck’s view of God’s incomprehensibility in Church Dogmatics II/1. The main argument is that despite Barth’s appreciative gesture, Barth in fact offers an unfaithful or mistaken reading of Bavinck’s view. Whereas Bavinck makes God’s knowability the presupposition of the divine incomprehensibility, Barth renders the veracious knowledge of God predicated upon God’s incomprehensibility, which is in turn grounded in God’s hiddenness. In any event, Barth’s appreciative gesture toward Bavinck should not cover up their divergent lines of reasoning in demonstrating the doctrine of God’s incomprehensibility.
Droit islamique et droits de l’homme: Les controverses doctrinales en islam sunnite et shi’ite depuis la Déclaration universelle de 1948
Authors: Arminjon Constance
Published: July 2019

In a comparative perspective, this article analyses the doctrinal debates that arose in Sunni and Shi’ite Islam after the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. During a couple of decades this text hardly brought about any response in Islam. From the 1980s onwards, an increasing number of prominent thinkers started confronting their legal tradition to that from which human rights derive. While comparing both legal systems, they contribute to major and contrasting developments in contemporary Islamic legal thought.
Reinterpreting Eve and Mary
Authors: Krueger Liz
Published: July 2019

One model of theological anthropology investigates the imago Dei through a lens of relationality to discover what it means to be human. Historically, this model has been dominated by male voices and arrives at conclusions that perpetuate patriarchy. Therefore, the present article responds by appealing to Eve and Mary to formulate a gynocentric theological anthropology wherein women are know-ers, be-ers and name-rs. These terms signify that women remain autonomous persons who can know God without male mediation, who have being in their particularities and historical situatedness aside from associations with male figures, and who can name the world around them, acting as prophetic voices who see the world rightly and define the world for themselves. Furthermore, each category correlates to an element of the relational imago Dei, namely, relationship to God, relationship to oneself, and relationship to others/world. The aim of redeeming Eve and Mary for theological anthropology arises from a conviction that rejecting dehistoricized and polarized interpretations of each woman reminds readers that they, too, are human. They are humans within the same metanarrative of cosmic redemption of which women today are a part. Thus, to reinterpret Eve and Mary empowers a shared history and progresses eschatological realization as each woman acts in her own particularities as one who knows, possesses unqualified being, and names.
All Manner of Evil Spoken Falsely
Authors: Johnson Andrea S.
Published: July 2019

This article uses archival sources and secondary sources to argue that narratives from various pentecostal church presses reflected shifts in the broader understanding of homosexuality when discussing the 1907 arrest of pentecostal founder Charles Fox Parham for “unnatural offenses.” In the early 1900s, gay men were free to pursue other men in separate spaces of towns and were generally left alone as long as they did not attract attention. Although there was growing recognition that homosexuality might be a matter of biology, the more popular literature on the topic through the 1920s proclaimed that homosexuality was a choice, influenced by environmental factors. Pentecostalism was then in its infancy, and two schools of thought became prevalent regarding Parham’s arrest: there were those like his wife, who denied the truth of the matter, and those like his protégé Howard Goss, who believed that the behavior was a temporary failing, not a permanent tendency. During World War II and the Cold War, beliefs about the causes of homosexuality shifted again, and as the gay rights movements flourished and the field of pentecostal history became professionalized, authors tended to examine the details of the incident rather than draw conclusions about the accusations. This examination of pentecostal narratives demonstrates the power that narrators have either to emphasize or to minimize certain details, allowing them to shape the reputations of leaders of the movement.
Sexual dimorphism and sex pheromone detection in Aphidoletes aphidimyza
Authors: Nicolas Aurore , Pourtois Julie , Karier Pol , Markó István , Hance Thierry
Published: July 2019

Sexual dimorphism, particularly at the level of sensory and locomotor organs, is usually attributed to sexual selection. Antennae are notably developed in males of species that need to detect a sex pheromone at low concentration or at long distance. In addition to their role in intrasexual selection, antennae can be seen as important ornaments in intersexual selection. Antennae of Aphidoletes aphidimyza are clearly sexually dimorphic (males have longer antennae than females, with highly developed sensilla) while females emit a sex pheromone for mating. Males with longer and more symmetrical antennae than others could be more successful in reaching the source of sex pheromone, especially if they can fly properly. A morphometric study was first conducted, to apprehend the variability of antennae, wings and tibias in lab conditions. The length of the antennae of male A. aphidimyza is impressive and the right antenna is longer than the left antenna. Secondly, choice experiments were conducted in a Y-shaped olfactometer with males of A. aphidimyza facing the sex pheromone. The relationship between choice patterns and morphology of males was then studied, but no link was found between the morphology of males and their behaviour while exposed to the sex pheromone, although males were indeed attracted by the olfactometer arm containing the sex pheromone.
The potential respiratory surfaces of a fish living in a historically polluted river
Authors: da Cruz André Luis , Prado Thiago Matos , Ramos Laísa Peixoto , Klein Wilfried
Published: July 2019

The acquisition of oxygen is fundamental for maintaining metabolic activity in fish, and most species obtain oxygen through aquatic gill respiration. Throughout evolution, different fish lineages have evolved secondary routes to obtain oxygen from atmospheric air, and the spinycheek sleeper, Eleotris pisonis, may be one example of such bimodal respiration. Gill structure and the top epithelium of the head of E. pisonis from the Subaé River (Santo Amaro, Bahia, Brazil) were evaluated morphometrically. The gills showed histopathologies, especially proliferation, which was prevalent on 35.6% of the filaments and on 13.7% of the lamellae, probably increasing the water-blood diffusion barrier of the lamellae to 5.48 ± 1.32 μm, similar to the air-blood diffusion distance of the skin (5.77 ± 1.72 μm). Quantitative morphometric analysis of histopathologies and diffusion distances could be considered as biomarkers, and also suggest the presence of cutaneous respiration as a possible strategy for aerial oxygen acquisition.
Permission without Direction: Gross Negligence Manslaughter and Erasure following Bawa-Garba
Authors: Hodson Nathan
Published: July 2019

This article explores when a doctor convicted of gross negligence manslaughter would be erased from the medical register. The General Medical Council (GMC) sanctions guidance avoids directing the Medical Practitioners Tribunal (MPT) about erasure following gross negligence manslaughter and rulings at the High Court and Court of Appeal argue against any presumption of erasure after a doctor is convicted of gross negligence manslaughter. The Court of Appeal in Bawa-Garba ruled that the sanctions guidance should not be taken to guide the MPT towards erasure after “serious harm to others either deliberately or through incompetence”, but merely permits erasure in those circumstances. This approach is consistent with the rest of the sanctions guidance which allows the MPT wide discretion and defends that MPT’s case-by- case approach. This promotes decision-making behind closed doors, diminishes the Sanctions Guidance, and makes it difficult to predict when a doctor will be erased after gross negligence manslaughter.
Political Audiences and the Abolition of Capital Punishment in the Asia Pacific
Authors: Bradley Samantha
Published: July 2019

This article investigates why some states in the Asia Pacific have retained capital punishment, while others have abolished it, either de facto or de jure. In contrast to existing theories, it is theorised that governments conduct cost-benefit calculations considering both domestic support and international pressure for abolition, then formulate their death penalty policy based on the lowest cost scenario. This theory is tested by applying controlled comparison and process tracing analysis to three cases: Cambodia, South Korea, and Indonesia. These case studies demonstrate that pressures from domestic and international political audiences are determinative in states’ decision-making processes regarding capital punishment.
Compulsory Treatment in the Community in Hong Kong
Authors: Chiu Urania
Published: July 2019

This article examines the current legal framework and practice of the conditional discharge of mental health patients in Hong Kong under Section 42B of the Mental Health Ordinance from a human rights perspective. Using existing literature and findings from semi-structured qualitative interviews conducted with medical professionals, the author argues that the current regime lacks adequate safeguards for mental health patients, both in law and in actual practice, and suffers from the absence of a clear guiding purpose. As such, the law and practice of conditional discharge would most likely infringe patients’ fundamental rights to private and family life and to liberty and personal security. The article concludes with the suggestion that an evidence-based approach is required to determine the purpose of the regime and how it may be best designed for that end.
The Communitarian Case for Decriminalising Male Homosexuality for Singapore’s Common Good
Authors: Chang Ya Lan
Published: July 2019

Should Singapore’s conservative, communitarian society continue to criminalise male homosexuality in the name of its common good? This is the fundamental question raised by Singapore’s continued retention of Section 377A of the Penal Code, a colonial-era law that criminalises only male homosexual conduct. With reference to Parliament’s reasons for retaining 377A and scholarly arguments against homosexuality, this article reconstructs, and debunks, the best philosophical case in favour of 377A; namely, that it should be conserved to sustain communitarian Singapore’s common good. Instead, the article argues that, because homosexuality is morally permissible, 377A does not satisfy the ‘goodness’ component of the common good and hence does not, and cannot, sustain communitarian Singapore’s common good. Rather, a communitarian approach to 377A, one based on an inclusive conception of communitarianism and an aggregative conception of the common good, would lead to its repeal and vindicate gay men’s right to equality.
Trans-Sectual Identity
Authors: Silk Jonathan A. , Szántó Péter-Dániel
Published: July 2019

The Praśnottararatnamālikā is a small tract containing 62 questions, paired with their answers. It is extraordinary that this text has been transmitted within Hindu, Jaina and Buddhist traditions, in Sanskrit, Prakrit and Tibetan, variously attributed to different authors. The present study examines what is known of the text, which from early on drew the attention of modern scholars, and presents editions of its Sanskrit and Tibetan versions, along with a translation and annotations.
Penal Protection of Public Health from the Effects of Pollution in the UAE Federal Law
Authors: Al Qatawneh Ibrahim Suleiman
Published: July 2019

The UAE federal legislator is keen to protect the environment and its development by amending the Federal Environmental Protection and Development Law No. 24 of 1999, which provides for the penal protection of public health by criminalising any act that damages the quality of water, air and land, or generates excessive noise or mismanages the disposal of hazardous substances and medical wastes. The UAE Federal Law imposes penalties for all such violations, however without achieving the purpose of deterrence or punishment.
Constitutional Courts and the Rule of Law in the New EU Member States
Authors: Di Gregorio Angela
Published: July 2019

This paper analyses the use of the rule-of-law principle in the jurisprudence of the constitutional courts of the new Member States of the European Union. The purpose is to discover whether past or recent decisions could clarify the use of the principle in these countries. An example is the legalistic concept of the rule of law as expressed by the Hungarian and Polish constitutional courts in examining the constitutionality of lustration laws. On the other hand, some constitutional courts (such as the Czech one) have used a wider and more sophisticated application of the rule of law. Considering the severe rule-of-law crisis which has been taking place in Hungary and Poland in recent years, this recognition is particularly important in order to avoid cumulative judgments that could devalue the former communist countries in general, trivializing the harsh path of democratic conditionality with its strengths and weaknesses.
A New Source of the Slavic Menaia
Authors: Pentkovskaya Tatiana
Published: July 2019

The article is devoted to the newest edition of the so-called Dragota Menaion prepared by Iskra Hristova-Shomova. This Bulgarian hymnographic collection survived as the bottom layer of a palimpsest going back to the early twelfth century. It combines the services of the Menaion and the Triodion cycles. The translation contains rare Slavonic lexemes and some archaic Greek borrowings. These features makes this text precious for the studies of liturgy and hymnography among the Slavs.
Does Human Soul Have an Owner?
Authors: Lourié Basil
Published: July 2019

In the mainstream anthropology of Byzantine patristics, the human “I” is twice inconsistent, being identical to but different from a “part of God” and, in the created world, being not a something while without being a nothing. The latter kind of inconsistency was described as well by Ludwig Wittgenstein in his peculiar doctrine of subjectivity.
Progress and Meliorism: Making Progress in Thinking about Progress
Authors: Fiala Andrew
Published: July 2019

There is no grand narrative or master plan for historical progress. Contemporary discussions of progress and enlightenment reflect an improved version of an old debate, which has progressed beyond older debates about metaphysical optimism and pessimism. Responding to recent work by John Gray, Steven Pinker, and others, this paper describes meliorism as a middle path between optimism and pessimism. Meliorism is pragmatic, humanistic, secular, and historically grounded. The epistemic modesty of meliorism develops out of understanding the long history of debates about progress and enlightenment, including the history of meliorism itself. The paper provides a historical account of the development of meliorism, while arguing that understanding this history helps us make progress in thinking about progress.
Lügen und Redefreiheit
Authors: Pöld Jonas
Published: July 2019

Can a person rely on her right to freedom of speech when she is lying in public? First of all, the author defends the thesis that freedom of speech is constrained by fundamental norms of speech. His next step is to analyse the claim – famously made by Kant – that the prohibition against lying fulfills the criteria of such a norm. This view has at least two problems: The epistemic problem that a lie can never be proven without a doubt, and the moral one that there are cases, both real and hypothetical, in which an act of lying seems to be justified or even required. The author concludes that, on the one hand, lying is sometimes justifiable and compatible with freedom of speech. On the other hand, losing respect for honesty altogether leads to negative consequences for any society.
Libertarianism and the Problem of Clear Cases
Authors: Rosenthal Jacob
Published: July 2019

New varieties of libertarianism connect not only free will and moral responsibility to indeterminism, but also agency and choice as such. In this paper, the author highlights what seems to be an embarrassment for all libertarian accounts, but especially for the ones just mentioned. The problem is brought out by clear cases of decisions in which there are strong and rather obvious reasons for one of the options and only relatively weak ones in favour of the alternatives. It is hard to insist that there be indeterminism even in such cases. Either it has no significant role to play, which means that libertarianism is in effect largely abandoned, or it has a purely negative role, being linked to some serious and thoroughgoing defect in the agent’s rationality. Thus, a dilemma for libertarians arises, which the author spells out in the text. Furthermore, he argues that some versions of compatibilism face essentially the same difficulty.
Daubert’s Naïve Realist Challenge to Husserl
Authors: Bower Matt E.M.
Published: July 2019

Despite extensive discussion of naïve realism in the wider philosophical literature, those influenced by the phenomenological movement who work in the philosophy of perception have hardly weighed in on the matter. It is thus interesting to discover that Edmund Husserl’s close philosophical interlocutor and friend, the early twentieth-century phenomenologist Johannes Daubert, held the naive realist view. This article presents Daubert’s views on the fundamental nature of perceptual experience and shows how they differ radically from those of Husserl’s. The author argues, in conclusion, that Daubert’s views are superior to those of Husserl’s specifically in the way that they deal with the phenomenon of perceptual constancy.
Discussion Note on The Rationality of Perception
Authors: Hofmann Frank , Orlando Andy
Published: July 2019

In The Rationality of Perception, Susanna Siegel defends the claim that beliefs can influence our perceptions. Faulty beliefs make our experiences irrational. This explains why the biases some people hold are so tenacious. The authors point out weaknesses in Siegel’s argument.
Ghosting Through Our Ruins
Authors: Green Michael Cawood
Published: July 2019

In this creative/critical paper, a recent migrant to the UK attempts to negotiate ideas of Africanness and Englishness through the rewriting of places linked by a statue in a small Northumberland village commemorating the death of a local officer killed in the ‘Anglo-Boer War.’ Drawing on two recent and influential theoretical developments, the ‘mobility turn’ within the social sciences and the ‘spectral turn’ in cultural criticism, this paper is a ficto-critical experiment in finding an appropriate creative form to test the generic implications of the major, and yet largely still unreflected, issue of migration and immigration/emigration in post-apartheid writing. It explores the unsettling ways in which places are not so much geographically fixed as implicated within complex circuits at once contingent and the product of material relations of power.
From the Atlantic to the Indo-Pacific
Authors: Rosa Fernando
Published: July 2019

In this paper I attempt to tackle the issues of creolisation, magic, and mimesis, as well as colonialism. I will approach this last via the the first three. I begin by discussing two travel and ethnographic accounts, and then a piece by Diderot. I also discuss Taussig’s work. My overall argument, following closely on the heels of Diderot’s and Taussig’s work, but also somewhat expanding them, is that writing ethnography or any account of ‘others’ involves closely linked and complex processes of creolisation, mimesis, and magic. There is also, of course, a personal dimension to them. Such processes in fact affect not only ethnographic writing, but perhaps any writing. I also include myself in this narrative, albeit only marginally, as someone born and raised in Brazil, perhaps the most famous hub of creolisation ever, and who ventures not only across the South Atlantic, but eventually also into the Indo-Pacific world.
Ali Saim Ülgen: Building a Historiography of Turkish Architecture
Authors: Akboy-İlk Serra
Published: July 2019

Ali Saim Ülgen (1913–63), a preservation architect, architectural historian, author, bureaucrat and educator, was a leading figure in the nascent field of heritage conservation during the early decades of the Republic of Turkey. This was a time when the Republican leaders sought to establish the national character of art and architecture by interpreting the “Turkishness” and uniqueness of the Ottoman heritage through the tenets of the Modern Movement. The reconciliation of the modernist rationale with nationalist historiography created contested paradigms in a nation searching for its cultural roots. Ülgen considerably contributed to the nationalist appropriation of the Ottoman heritage, but his taxonomical gaze stands out for its focus on contextual analysis. This essay addresses the dichotomy of documenting the Ottoman architectural patrimony through the lens of modernism, which is visible in Ülgen’s work, a remarkably understudied Republican intellectual.
The Tax Farm for the Salt-Works and Port Customs of Ottoman Cyprus (1570–95)
Authors: Demiryürek Mehmet
Published: July 2019

Focusing on the revenue and expenditure records of the treasury of Ottoman Cyprus during the last decades of the sixteenth century, this article examines the tax farm of the salt-works and port customs created by the Ottomans during the first quarter century of their rule on the island. In doing so it seeks to underline the importance of the Cyprus budget records (ruznamçe) for understanding the financial system that the Ottomans introduced to the island and to determine the revenue derived from these tax farms.
Shaping the Constitutional Sultanate: The Reign of Mehmed Reşad (1909–18)
Authors: Ginio Eyal
Published: July 2019

The article concentrates on the reign of Sultan Mehmed Reşad (1909–18) to discuss the last phase of the Ottoman sultanate. Notwithstanding the significance of the Second Constitutional Period, Mehmed Reşad’s reign itself is often mentioned merely as representing the twilight of the Ottoman sultanate, when it became devoid of political power. By using a variety of primary sources, archival, printed and visual documents, this paper focuses on the rule of Mehmed Reşad as representing an attempt to shape a new stage of the Ottoman sultanate. It analyzes the use of Ottoman history at that time and the diffusion of imperial representations to evoke the grandeur of past sultans and its links to the reign of Mehmed Reşad. By promoting his image as a benevolent ruler and the supreme icon of the imagined Ottoman past, Mehmed Reşad endeavored to safeguard his status as a sultan and the future of the sultanate.
Warfare as a Tool of Diplomacy: Background of the First Ottoman-Safavid Treaty in 1555
Authors: Atçıl Zahit
Published: July 2019

The Amasya Treaty (1555) ended a half-century of Ottoman-Safavid military and ideological rivalry during the sixteenth century. My paper focuses on why the Ottoman and Safavid empires made this treaty despite a long-standing ideological and political divide. It has been widely held that the Safavids could not afford such a costly rivalry and, tired of the Ottoman military campaigns, they pleaded with the Ottomans to make peace. Based on my comparative research in Ottoman, Persian, and European sources, I find that this narrative misses many essential points and omits certain historical facts just before the treaty was signed. I argue that the Ottomans also wished for and, at once, requested peace with the Safavids. I show that, although the Ottoman army ostensibly left Istanbul to fight with the Safavids in 1553, the primary motive was to use warfare as a diplomatic tool to force the Safavids to ask for peace.
A note on Modern Hebrew voicing assimilation
Authors: Mizrachi Avi
Published: July 2019

In Hebrew, consecutive obstruents that differ in voicing can be produced with the same voicing. This process is regressive as the first obstruent assimilates to the obstruent following it. It is also an optional process as it is dependent on the rate of speech and the formality of the utterance (Bolozky 1978, 1997). Using elicited data, an acoustic study on intervocalic obstruent sequences in Hebrew (Mizrachi 2016) has recently shown that assimilation-to-voiceless is more frequent than assimilation-to-voiced. Moreover, not only does devoicing assimilation occur more often, but it also occurs progressively—at least in terms of vocal fold vibration—in more cases than suggested in previous work.
Modern Hebrew Sociophonetics
Authors: Gafter Roey J.
Published: July 2019

This paper surveys current research on the sociophonetics of Modern Hebrew, meaning the research of phonetic variation in Hebrew speech that is socially conditioned, or interpreted as socially meaningful. The paper discusses recent methodological and theoretical advances in sociophonetic research on production and perception, and illustrates how these have been implemented in Hebrew and influenced our understanding of Hebrew sociolinguistics. It further highlights a number of key sociolinguistic variables that have received the most attention in quantitative research on segmental variation: the pharyngeal segments (ħ) and (ʕ), the Hebrew rhotic (r), the glottal fricative (h), and the diphthong (ej). The paper concludes with a discussion of future directions and additional variables of interest which have the potential to advance the growing field of Hebrew sociophonetics.
Innovation-Proof Global Governance for Military Artificial Intelligence?
Authors: Maas Matthijs M
Published: July 2019

Amidst fears over artificial intelligence ‘arms races’, much of the international debate on governing military uses of AI is still focused on preventing the use of lethal autonomous weapons systems (laws). Yet ‘killer robots’ hardly exhaust the potentially problematic capabilities that innovation in military AI (mai) is set to unlock. Governance initiatives narrowly focused on preserving ‘meaningful human control’ over laws therefore risk being bypassed by the technological state-of-the-art. This paper departs from the question: how can we formulate ‘innovation-proof governance’ approaches that are resilient or adaptive to future developments in military AI? I develop a typology for the ways in which mai innovation can disrupt existing international legal frameworks. This includes ‘direct’ disruption – as new types of mai capabilities elude categorization under existing regimes – as well as ‘indirect’ disruption, where new capabilities shift the risk landscape of military AI, or change the incentives or values of the states developing them. After discussing two potential objections to ‘innovation-proof governance’, I explore the advantages and shortcomings of three possible approaches to innovation-proof governance for military AI. While no definitive blueprint is offered, I suggest key considerations for governance strategies that seek to ensure that military AI remains lawful, ethical, stabilizing, and safe.
Controlling the Autonomous Warrior
Authors: Schaub Jr. Gary
Published: July 2019

The challenges posed by weapons with autonomous functions are not a tabula rasa. The capabilities of both State principals and military agents to control and channel violence for political purposes have improved across the centuries as technology has increased the range and lethality of weapons as well as the scope of warfare. The institutional relations between principals and agents have been adapted to account for, and take advantage of, these developments. Air forces encompass one realm where distance, speed, and lethality have been subjected to substantial and effective control. Air forces are also where systems with autonomous functionality will likely drive the most visible adaptation to command and control arrangements. This process will spread across other domains as States pursue institution-centric and agent-centric strategies to secure meaningful human control over artificial agents as they become increasingly capable of replacing human agents in military (and other) functions. Agent-centric approaches that consider emergent behaviour as akin to human judgment and institutional approaches that improve the ability to understand, interrogate, monitor, and audit the decisions and behaviour of artificial agents can together drive improvements in meaningful human control over warfare, just as previous adaptations have.
Introduction: Learning to be Muslim in West Africa. Islamic Engagements with Diversity and Difference
Authors: Nolte Insa
Published: July 2019

In West Africa, Muslim learning has historically been shaped by two key engagements: the participation in wider Islamic debates and the co-existence with non-Muslims. In the twentieth and twenty-first century, Islamic education in West Africa was transformed by the imposition of the secular state and Western education. But as Muslims encountered secularism and Christianity, they also increasingly drew on pedagogies that emanated from Middle Eastern and Asian Islam. The articles in this Special Issue illustrate that as Islamic scholars and leaders from different backgrounds engaged simultaneously with the diversity of global Islam and the growing presence of secular and Christian institutions, they developed a multiplicity of educational practices and visions. Thus learning to be Muslim in West Africa reflects both the engagement with Islamic discourse and debates about the boundaries of Islam.
In Search of “Africanity”: Traditional and Islamic Education in Boubou Hama’s Writings
Authors: de Oliveira e Silva Ana Luiza
Published: July 2019

This article explores how the Nigerien intellectual and politician Boubou Hama (1906/09–1982) represented the relationship between Islamic and “traditional” educational ideals. Based on an understanding that Islamic education was closely linked to the historical dissemination and establishment of Islam, Hama advanced a particular interpretation of the reception and circulation of Muslim knowledge in West Africa. He argued that, first, the presence of Islam should be understood in its African historical context; second, that the foundations of African culture were equally “traditional” and Islamic; and third, that the forms of education that had shaped such culture could be used as the basis for a political plan of development. By doing so, Hama asserted that just as Islam was crucial to the continent’s history, it was a central part of Africa’s engagement with the wider world.
“When Knowledge is there, Other Things Follow”: The Muslim Students’ Society of Nigeria and the Making of Yoruba Muslim Youths
Authors: Balogun Adeyemi
Published: July 2019

Among the religiously mixed Yoruba people of southwest Nigeria, the knowledge and values involved with being a Muslim are taught by both Muslim clerics in Qurʾanic schools and modern madrasas and by non-scholarly Muslims in different contexts. While some research has focussed on Yoruba clerics, little is known about the teaching initiatives of other Muslims. An important movement led by ordinary Muslims is the Muslim Students’ Society of Nigeria (mssn), formed in 1954 to provide guidance to Muslim students in a predominantly non-Muslim educational environment. Since the 1950s, the mssn has engaged young Muslims in a series of socio-cultural, educational and religious activities aimed at encouraging young Muslims to engage with Islam, but which also equips them with the socio-economic skills necessary to operate in a modern, mixed religious world.
A German Rifle Casing and Chief Mkwawa of the Wahehe: the Colonial and Post-Colonial Significance of Mlambalasi Rockshelter, Iringa Region, Tanzania
Authors: Willoughby Pamela R. , Biittner Katie M. , Bushozi Pastory M. , Miller Jennifer M.
Published: July 2019

During the 2010 excavations of Mlambalasi rockshelter, Iringa Region, Tanzania, a single rifle bullet casing was recovered. Analysis of this casing found that it was manufactured in 1877 at the munitions factory in Danzig for the German infantry’s Mauser 71 rifle. This casing is thus directly linked to the period of German colonization of Tanganyika, during which Iringa was a key centre of anti-colonial resistance. Mlambalasi was the location of the last stand of Chief Mkwawa of the Hehe people, and this bullet casing provides a tangible link to his uprising during the 1890s. In light of this colonial context and our ongoing research at Mlambalasi, this find is used to illustrate that a single artifact can reinforce multiple narratives about the past and the significance of an archaeological site.
Hinge Epistemology, Radical Skepticism, and Domain Specific Skepticism
Authors: Johnson Drew
Published: July 2019

This paper explores how hinge epistemology (specifically, Duncan Pritchard’s brand of hinge epistemology) might fruitfully be applied not only to the problem of radical skepticism, but also to certain domain specific (or ‘local’) skepticisms, and in particular, moral skepticism. The paper explains the idea of a domain specific skepticism, and how domain specific skepticisms contrast with radical skepticism. I argue that a domain specific skeptical problem can be resolved in just the same way as radical skepticism, if there are hinge commitments within that domain. I then suggest that there are hinge commitments in the moral domain, and use this to address a moral skeptical problem due to our apparent inability to know moral nihilism to be false.