bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
5-Substituted N-(9H-purin-6-yl)-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamides as xanthine oxidase inhibitors
Authors: Muzychka Oksana , Kobzar Olexandr , Shablykin Oleg , Brovarets Volodymyr , Vovk Andriy
Published: June 2021

Synthetic 6-substituted purine derivatives are known to exhibit diverse bioactivity. In this paper, a series of N-(9H-purin-6-yl)-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against xanthine oxidase, an enzyme of purine catabolism. The introduction of aryl substituent at position 5 of the oxazole ring was found to increase the inhibition efficiency. Some of the inhibitors containing 5-substituted isoxazole and purine moieties were characterized by IC50 values in the nanomolar range. According to the kinetic data, the most active N-(9H-purin-6-yl)-5-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide demonstrated a competitive type of inhibition with respect to the enzyme-substrate. Molecular docking was carried out to elucidate the mechanism of enzyme-inhibitor complex formation. The data obtained indicate that xanthine oxidase may be one of the possible targets for the bioactive purine carboxamides.
Poetess of individual competitions (nietzschean motifs in Lesia Ukrainka’s dramas)
Authors: Lyuty Taras
Published: June 2021

The article examines the individualistic manifestations of the heroes of Lesia Ukrainka’s poetic dramas. The key point is focused on the confrontation between a free personality and a passive mob. The author draws parallels between Friedrich Nietzsche’s and Lesia Ukrainka’s individualistic manifestations, and describes how the Ukrainian poetess creates her own accounts of individualism, which are close to Nietzscheanism: anti-Christianity, will to power, acceptance of destiny, self-overcoming, etc. The main difference between the two thinkers consists in Lesia Ukrainka’s approach when her ideas are expressed by a strong type of woman.
Elastic and inelastic scattering of 15N ions by 13C nuclei at energy 84 MeV
Authors:   Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Rudchik A.T. , Rudchik A.A. , Kutsyk O.E. , Rusek K. , Kemper K.W. , Piasecki E. , Stolarz A. , Trczińska A. , Pirnak Val.M. , Ponkratenko O.A. , Strojek I. , Koshchiy E.I. , Siudak R. , Sakuta S.B. , Vozniuk S.A. , Ilyin A.P. , Stepanenko Yu.M. , Uleshchenko V.V. , Shyrma Yu.O. ,   Heavy Ion Laboratory, Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland,   Physics Department, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA,   National Institute for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland,   Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA,   H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Krakow, Poland,   National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
Published: June 2021

New experimental data of the 15N + 13C elastic and inelastic scattering were obtained at the energy Elab(15N) = 84 MeV. The data were analyzed within the coupled-reaction-channels method. The elastic and inelastic scattering of nuclei 15N + 13С as well as the more important nucleon and cluster transfer reactions were included in the channels-coupling scheme. The WS potential parameters for the 15N + 13С nuclei interactions in ground and excited states as well as deformation parameters of these nuclei were deduced. The contributions of one- and two-step transfers in the 15N + 13C elastic and inelastic scattering were estimated. The results of the 15N + 13С elastic scattering at the energy Elab(15N) = 84 MeV, obtained in this work, were compared with that of the 15N + 12С elastic scattering at the energy Elab(15N) = 81 MeV.
Analysis of the influence of nuclear fuel burnup on the 16N formation rate in the primary coolant of the WWER-1000 reactor
Authors:   Department of the Scientific and Technical Support, Odesa SS ", Fylonych Yu. ,   Scientific and Technical Support",   of SE NNEGC ",   Energoatom",   , Odesa, Ukraine, Zaporozhan V. , Balashevskyi O. , Merkotan K.
Published: June 2021

The developed model of the WWER-1000 reactor using MCNP6.2 (Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code) includes the detailed core taking into account the design of the fuel assemblies, as well as the baffle, the lower plenum, the fuel support columns, the core barrel, a downcomer, and the reactor pressure vessel. It allows implementing multifunctional calculations such as recriticality with various fuel configurations, the critical concentration of boric acid, determination of the axial and radial peaking factor in the reactor core, etc. For obtaining the more precise result of the cumulation nitrogen-16 formation rate, the contribution from different water volumes was taken into account: in the core, above the fuel and the top nozzle, in the top nozzle of the fuel assembly, in the bottom nozzle, between the fuel and the bottom nozzle, in the axial channels of the baffle, in the reflector. In order to obtain the realistic boundary conditions, the change of the isotopic composition in the fuel assemblies during one fuel cycle was calculated using the ORIGEN-ARP of SCALE software. Therefore, the influence of the nuclear fuel depletion of fuel assemblies in the WWER-1000 reactor on the change of the basic neutron-physical characteristics was determined such as the distribution of the neutron flux density with the energies necessary to initiate the 16O(n,p)16N reaction, the average number of neutrons per fission, the neutron spectrum and average fission energy. As a result, the dependence of the nitrogen-16 formation rate in the primary coolant system on the nuclear fuel burnup is obtained.
Belarusian software for nuclear knowledge management
Authors:   Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus, Sytova S.N.
Published: June 2021

A review of Belarusian software developed for nuclear knowledge management is presented. It includes the system eLab-Control that is an information system for monitoring the nuclear and radiation safety of the national nuclear regulatory body as well as content management system eLab-Science and the Belarusian educational portal of nuclear knowledge BelNET developed on its base. All the software is based on free software: Debian GNU/Linux, Web-server Apache, the Firebird database server, PHP application server. The system runs under Windows and Linux. The work is carried out through the Internet in multiplayer mode, with the division of access rights by way of widespread browsers. Portal of nuclear knowledge BelNET https://belnet.bsu.by/ is considered from the point of nuclear knowledge management.
Calculated Determination of the Seismic Resistance of Nuclear Power Plant Equipment
Authors:   Joint-Stock Company Turboatom, Palkov Serhii A. , Palkov Ihor A. ,   Joint-Stock Company Turboatom
Published: June 2021

An algorithm to confirm the seismic resistance of equipment by a calculation method is proposed, and the limits of its application are determined. A mathematical model of the equipment is developed, and an example of the determination of natural frequencies and stresses for a three-dimensional structure is given. Two main types of calculation were used – static and dynamic. In the static calculation, the stress-strain state of a structure was determined. The values of the obtained stresses were compared with the allowable ones for the materials used, on the basis of which conclusions were made about the strength of the structure under seismic effects. The dynamic calculation resulted in the determination of the rigidity of the structure. The comparison of the stress values obtained for this equipment allowed us to make a conclusion regarding its resistance to seismic effects. The seismic resistance of the equipment was estimated on the example of the K-1000-60 / 1500 steam turbine condenser, and calculated at a seismic intensity of 6 points on the MSK-64 seismic intensity scale. In the course of solving this problem, results of the stress distribution in the housing and other structural elements of the condenser due to the action of combined normal operation and design-basis seismic loads were obtained. The seismic resistance of the equipment was calculated using the finite element method. This allowed us to present a solid body in the form of a set of individual finite elements that interact with each other in a finite number of nodal points. To these points are applied some interaction forces that characterize the influence of the distributed internal stresses applied along the real boundaries of adjacent elements. To perform such a calculation in CAD modeling software, a three-dimensional model was created. The obtained geometric model was imported into the software package, which significantly reduced complexity. The use of the calculation method allows us to significantly reduce the amount of testing when confirming the seismic resistance of equipment. Results of the assessment of the spatial complex stress state of the steam turbine condenser design due to the action of combined normal operation and design-basis seismic loads are obtained.
Optimum Design of Reinforced Cylindrical Shells Under Combined Axial Compression and Internal Pressure
Authors:   State Higher Educational Institution Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Filatov Heorhii V.
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses the use of the random search method for the optimal design of single-layered rib-reinforced cylindrical shells under combined axial compression and internal pressure with account taken of the elastic-plastic material behavior. The optimality criterion is the minimum shell volume. The search area for the optimal solution in the space of the parameters being optimized is limited by the strength and stability conditions of the shell. When assessing stability, the discrete rib arrangement is taken into account. In addition to the strength and stability conditions of the shell, the feasible space is subjected to the imposition of constraints on the geometric dimensions of the structural elements being optimized. The difficulty in formulating a mathematical programming problem is that the critical stresses arising in optimally-compressed rib-reinforced cylindrical shells are a function of not only the skin and reinforcement parameters, but also the number of half-waves in the circumferential and meridional directions that are formed due to buckling. In turn, the number of these half-waves depends on the variable shell parameters. Consequently, the search area becomes non-stationary, and when formulating a mathematical programming problem, it is necessary to provide for the need to minimize the critical stress function with respect to the integer wave formation parameters at each search procedure step. In this regard, a method is proposed for solving the problem of optimally designing rib-reinforced shells, using a random search algorithm whose learning is carried out not only depending on the objective function increment, but also on the increment of critical stresses at each extremum search step. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate a technique for optimizing this kind of shells, in which a special search-system learning algorithm is used, which consists in the fact that two problems of mathematical programming are simultaneously solved: that of minimizing the weight objective function and that of minimizing the critical stresses of shell buckling. The proposed technique is illustrated with a numerical example.
HISTORY OF LOW-FREQUENCY RESEARCH OF PULSARS
Authors:   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ulyanov O. M.
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The main most pronounced events, which occurred in the initial period of the pulsars’ study at the decameter wavelength range, are presented. The example of the main scientific problems, which were formulated at the very beginning of pulsar research, shows how the emphasis and priorities of these studies have been changing over time, which tasks have finally been solved, and which are still waiting to be solved. It is shown how the ongoing modernization of the UTR-2 radio telescope have allowed to acquire new qualities in astrophysical research being made with this radio telescope and to identify new scientific directions. The example of the cited references shows how the pulsar research efforts in Ukraine have been developed and how they were integrated into the world astrophysical research of these unique objects. The purpose of this work is to show the relationship between the past and the present on the example of pulsars for longer than a semi-centennial period and to show how the scientific problems that were formulated in the past, and which could not be solved under the then-existing technical conditions, were solved by the subsequent generations of researchers. Design/methodology/approach: The methods of comparison and historical parallels show how the low-frequency studies of pulsars have been developed and evolved almost from their discovery until now. Findings: It is shown how quantitative transformations and technical development, as well as non-standard scientific approaches, unhackneyed thought and international cooperation allow to solve complex radio astronomical problems related to the low-frequency studies of pulsars. Conclusions: The paper provides a historical overview of more than half a century-long radio astronomical studies of pulsars, having been and still being made at the decameter band using the UTR-2 radio telescope. The “old” and current priorities in pulsar research are given, and it is shown how qualitatively the technical parameters of back end facility and computer performance have been changed in studying the coherent pulsar radio emission nature. Key words: aberration; frequency band; pulse; interpulse; dispersion measure; rotation measure; plasma; pulsar; radio telescope
INVOLVEMENT OF ALTIMETRY INFORMATION INTO THE IMPROVED PHOTOCLINOMETRY METHOD FOR RELIEF RETRIEVAL FROM A SLOPE FIELD
Authors:   O. Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kornienko Yu. V. , Dulova I. A. ,   O. Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bondarenko N. V. ,   O. Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The paper discusses the possibility for increasing the planet’s surface relief retrieving accuracy with the improved photoclinometry method through the reference of the desired relief to the altimetry data. The general approach to solving the problem is proposed. The use of altimeters having both wide and narrow beam patterns are discussed, but the narrow beam pattern altimeter data is studied more in detail. The spatial resolution of the retrieved relief calculated with the improved photoclinometry method conforms to the one of the source images. Altimetry allows absolute reference to the surface heights and improves the accuracy of the relief determination. Design/metodology/approach: The work is based on the improved photoclinometry method for the planet’s surface relief retrieving from images. This method is mathematically rigorous and uses the Bayesian statistical approach, that allows calculation of the most probable relief according to available observations. Findings: An approach to determining the optimal statistical estimate of the surface heights from images in the frames of the improved photoclinometry method is proposed and an expression for the optimal filter which converts source images along with the wide beam pattern altimetry data into the most probable relief of the planet surface area is presented. The reference technique for the narrow beam pattern altimeter data is formulated. The efficiency of the method has been verified with the computer simulation. The relief of the surface area in Mare Imbrium on the Moon was retrieved using three images and laser altimeter data taken by the “Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter” spacecraft. Conclusions: Accounting for the narrow beam pattern altimeter data increases the accuracy of the relief determination. Using the narrow beam pattern altimeter data turns out to be more preferable over the involving wide beam pattern altimeter data. Computer simulation has shown that accounting for the narrow beam pattern altimeter data significantly increases the accuracy of the calculated heights as against using images exclusively and helps to speed up the calculation procedure. Key words: planet surface relief; photometry; altimetry; optimal filtering; statistical estimation of random value
Incidental Finding of an Asymptomatic Migrated Coil to the Right Ventricle Following Pelvic Vein Embolisation
Authors: Scott Luca , Cullen Jack
Published: June 2021

Pelvic vein embolisation (PVE) with metallic coils is an effective treatment for pelvic venous congestion. The migration of coils following the procedure has been well-reported; however, the most effective approach to management is still unclear. In the present case, the authors describe the delayed identification of a migrated coil to the right ventricle following an ovarian vein embolisation. The patient presented to the emergency department with chest pain and subsequent radiology identified a coil in the right ventricle. This was found to be present on previous radiology, but had not been reported on. The position of the coil had remained stable and therefore was deemed an unlikely cause for the chest pain. The coil was managed conservatively. This demonstrates how asymptomatic coil migration may go undetected and thus the migration rates in the literature may be underreported. Post-PVE screening to assess for migration could improve the accuracy of complication rates and prevent delayed complications associated with migrated coils.
Arte cristã, paradoxo e Pós-modernidade
Authors: Da Rosa Ronel Alberti
Published: June 2021

A história da arte no Ocidente é a história da arte cristã. Imagens, motivos, símbolos, técnicas, personagens: o Cristianismo deu a marca distintiva da arte europeia e ocidental por dois mil anos; o Cristianismo balizou a arte do Ocidente. As raízes mais profundas da arte cristã, contudo, não estão expostas: sua natureza e suas mais legítimas pulsões são ignoradas, mesmo pelo público confessional. O resultado inevitável é a eclosão periódica de polêmicas e mal-entendidos. O objetivo deste artigo é demostrar que a arte cristã nunca foi avessa a paradoxos estéticos, e que os elementos transculturais da criação pós-moderna foram gestados em um longo processo técnico e estético-filosófico precipuamente cristão.
Batsyeba: dari selingkuhan menjadi ibu Suri dan leluhur Kristus
Authors: Zaluchu Sonny , Waruwu Mesiwarati , Novalina Martina
Published: June 2021

This study analyzes cases of adultery in the Bible between David, the King of Israel, and Bathsheba, the wife of one of his officers. The approach taken for analysis is a mixed narrative analysis with psychology and sociology perspectives. However, the theological frame remains the mainframe in the discussion, especially in finding the motive behind Bathsheba's desire to grant all of David's requests. The result is the conclusion that this narrative should not stop after sin and adultery. Without realizing it, both Bathsheba and David turned out to be in a divine setting that it could only read in the ending of the New Testament, where the descendants of David and Bathsheba became an essential element in the lineage of Judah that gave birth to Jesus the Messiah.
Em busca dos sentidos políticos do Livro de Jonas: nova visão da geografia e a ficção profética como denúncia da história
Authors: Santos João Batista Ribeiro , Mello Larissa Dantas Camargo
Published: June 2021

O objetivo deste ensaio historiográfico é apresentar uma nova proposta para a leitura do Livro de Jonas na qual a pesquisa histórica traz à luz o sentido do itinerário geográfico do mapa mental elaborado pelos narradores e o gênero de ficção na profecia. No plano de fundo estão memórias de acontecimentos que justificam a denúncia, a saber, violências praticadas pelos grandes reinos, e que agora são representados na iconografia literária do livro pela Assíria e sua capital, Nínive. A denúncia, uma literatura profética ficcional em forma de panfletos, produzida vários séculos depois da queda do império neoassírio, tem função política em Judah no contexto das províncias sírias sob o império persa.
A perspectiva moderna da hermenêutica dialógica de Gadamer: principais contribuições à hermenêutica bíblica
Authors: Brechó da Silva Nelson Maria
Published: June 2021

Este artigo almeja apresentar a hermenêutica contemporânea de Gadamer a partir da hipótese da linguisticidade (Sprachlichkeit) como compreensão dialógica. A hermenêutica está num processo de construção incessantemente e, sobretudo, de forma não harmônica com a tradição. Assim, deseja-se, com o apoio do comentário de Bleicher, considerar que a ciência e a técnica se desenvolvem por meio da previsibilidade, ao passo que a hermenêutica procura desvendar o não dito, ou seja, a imprevisibilidade, de sorte que a ciência e a técnica são um tipo de saber, que não é absoluto. Com efeito, esta visão dialógica envolve a fusão de horizontes capaz de permitir, no âmbito da hermenêutica bíblica, a análise dos efeitos do texto sagrado na sua comunidade, bem como nas pequenas comunidades atuais e nos grupos de pesquisa em Ciências da Religião e de Teologia, que procuram se dedicar ao estudo bíblico. Nesse sentido, ilustra-se como exemplo de aplicação algumas passagens de Cântico dos Cânticos.
Two Sarmatian Stone Slabs with Tamgas in Odessa Archeological Museum Collections
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Yatsenko Sergey
Published: June 2021

Based on a series of high-quality photos, new analysis was performed for tamgas along with animal and male images on Sarmatian stone slabs from Kryvyi Rih and from Gorgippia. Both stone slabs were created as a result of natural shape stones edges chipping; both were dug into the ground and functioned as the mini-shrines located, probably, in sacred places or at the settlement entrances. They are similar in size, both painted red and both contain a number of sacrificial recesses at the top (in the sacred numbers 3 or 7). Slab from Kryvyi Rih (Figs. 1–2) depicts large earliest signs (mostly used on territories of Western Ukraine and the “barbarian” parts of Crimea) placed around the head of a god with animal ears (similar to the Ossetian Afsati). The later minor signs include the largest number of the Lower Don and the Central Asia (Kangju, Khorezm) tamgas. Also the signs of the kings found here (the ruler of Khorezm – no. 9, the co-ruler of Tiburius Julius Eupator of Bosporus – no. 8). The complex of images was in use since the beginning of the 1st until the middle of the 3rd centuries CE. Five hands of different men are depicted in relief on the stone slab from Gorgyppia (Fig. 3). There are three hands with goblets for making a contract and a quiver with a belt in front of them (probable heroization motif). There are also a hand raised for prayer and a hand passing a quiver. Those three participants match three tamgas (belonging to the “barbarian” regions of Crimea) and three sacrificial recesses at the top. All the images on the slab were probably made at the same time, shortly after the middle of the 2nd c. CE.
Small Gumarovo Kurgans of Scythian-Sarmatian Time at South Ural: Chronology, Features of the Funeral Rites and Issues of Cultural Attribution
Authors:   Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Savelev Nikita
Published: June 2021

The article presents an analysis of the burial rite and chronology of the Gumarovo cemetery, located on the border of the steppe and mountain-steppe zones of the Southern Urals, at the southern tip of the almost completely forested low plateau Zilair (Russia, Orenburg oblast, right bank of the Sakmara River). The cemetery consists of 5 stone kurgans, explored in 1979–1980 by an expedition led by R.B. Ismagilov. A burial of Early Scythian time was revealed in one of the kurgans (the so-called “Bolshoy Gumarovskiy”, “Big Gumarovo”), and immediately became widely known among researchers. The cemetery itself belongs to a later time, also known as “Sauromatian” time. Based on the chronological indicators and simultaneous occurrence of accompanying inventory categories, it is determined that the cemetery dates back to the end of the 5th – beginning of the 4th centuries BC and existed for a very short time. The burial rite features of the Gumarovo kurgans (stone mounds, wide oval graves, sloping walls, circular chamber graves, heads of the deceased oriented to the west and the east) indicate that it belongs to a special “Mugodzharian” group of nomads from the Southern Urals steppes eastern part. The origin of this group of nomads is associated with the migration of the Northern and Central Kazakhstan nomads to the steppes of the Orsk-Ilek interfluve, i.e. to the west of the Mugodzhar ridge; with their long-lasting interaction with the local population of the Sauromatian (proved by Blumenfeld and East Aral complexes) and Early Sarmatian time; as well as assimilating part of the Early Saka appearance population, which occupied the steppes of the Southern Trans-Urals in the 7th – 6th centuries BC. It is shown that it is the “Mugodzharian” features that make the kurgans in the eastern part of the Southern Urals steppes significantly specific.
Detection of antibodies to erythropoietin-based drugs: is it possible to create the universal test system?
Authors: Kudryashova A. M. , Borisov A. V. , Koltsova A. A. , Pushkina A. V. , Borisova O. V.
Published: June 2021

Our aim was to compare different immobilized erythropoietin (EPO) preparations for their ability to detect anti-EPO IgG antibodies in blood sera of EPO-treated patients with ELISA technique. 294 serum samples of the patients treated with erythropoietin were analyzed. 127 serum samples of patients who did not receive recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) were studied for comparative analysis. ELISA assay was performed, and different rhEPO drugs were immobilized on the anti-EPO monoclonal antibody-coated plates. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated mouse monoclonal antibodies to human IgG, IgG1, and IgG4 was used for detection. The following drugs were studied: recombinant human erythropoietin rhEPO-beta (Shandong Kexing Bioproducts), European standard of erythropoietin BRP 3, commercial drugs Aranesp (Amgen Europe B.V.), Mircera (F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.), Eprex (Johnson & Johnson LLC), Eralfon (Pharmaceutical Company Sotex). The sensitivity of the method was expressed as a positivity index (IP). IP calculated as the ratio of OD from tested sera to OD at the cut-off levels. The latter was assumed as a mean OD±SD for serum samples from EPO-naive patients. The results were evaluated as positive with IP > 1.1, and negative at IP < 0.9. Results in the range of 0.9 ≤ IP < 1.1 were considered as unidentified. Among the 294 samples, 32 specimens were evaluated as positive or unidentified for total IgG anti-EPO antibodies. The unidentified samples were detected in 1.0-1.7% of all cases. IgG1 subclass antibodies were found in 50-56.3% of patients and IgG4 subclass antibodies, in 43.850% of the patients. Mann—Whitney test showed a significant difference between the test samples compared to control group for all the ELISA modifications (p = 0.001). The Kruskal—Wallis test did not show significant differences between the IP results obtained with any of five immobilized EPO drugs (p = 0.05). The correlation quotient of IP was in the range of 0.99-0.96 for total IgG and > 0.98 for two subclasses of antibodies. Linear regression coefficients were close to one, thus indicating absence of significant differences in the sensitivity of the compared methods. This study indicate the opportunity of using the similar test systems to determine anti-EPO antibodies in the patients treated with various rhEPO drugs. Therefore, it is possible to develop a universal commercial test system to this purpose.
Immunoregulatory potential of pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein
Authors: Timganova V. P. , Bochkova M. S. , Rayev M. B. , Khramtsov P. V. , Zamorina S. A.
Published: June 2021

The embryo, being half an antigenically “foreign” organism, should elicit a maternal immune response. During evolution, however, the mechanisms ensuring successful development of pregnancy have been formed. In particular, among factors providing immune tolerance during pregnancy are some proteins associated with pregnancy. The pregnancy-specific β 1-glycoprotein (PSG, PSG1; SP1; PSβG1) is a dominant fetoplacental protein produced by cyto- and syncytiotrophoblast cells, and it exhibits immunosuppressive properties. Our team of authors possesses a patented method for obtaining native human PSG preparation from blood serum of pregnant women, a mixture of PSG1, PSG3, PSG7, PSG9, and their isoforms and precursors. This review presents an analysis of our results for the period from 2015 to 2020. We studied the immunoregu-latory effects of the obtained PSG preparation at concentrations comparable to those observed in pregnancy (1, 10, 100 |ag/mL). The study was performed with peripheral blood cells obtained from non-pregnant women. It was found that PSG significantly increased the percentage of adaptive Tregs in vitro, as well as expression of CTLA-4, GITR, and production of IL-10 by these cells. It has been shown that PSG has a stimulating effect upon indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity of peripheral blood monocytes. For Th17 cells, we have demonstrated that PSG can suppress differentiation and proliferation of these cells, along with reduced production of critical proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IFNγ, MCP-1, TNF α). As for the memory T cells, PSG suppressed CD25 expression and IL-2 production by them, along with simultaneous decreased expression of Gfi1, hnRNPLL genes, thus preventing the formation of the “mature” CD45R0 isoform. PSG has been shown to inhibit naive T cells’ conversion to the terminally differentiated effector subpopulation of helper T cells. When analyzing PSG effects upon cytokine profile of immunocompetent cells, it was found that the protein predominantly suppresses the Th1 cytokine production by the studied cell types, and regulates the Th2 cytokine production in divergent manner. The results obtained are consistent with general concept of immunosuppression during pregnancy. Thus, PSG could be one of the factors preventing formation and implementation of immune response to placental antigens.
Tumor cell apoptosis mediated by the orexins
Authors: Diatlova A. S. , Novikova N. S. , Derevtsova K. Z. , Korneva E. A.
Published: June 2021

Orexins A and B are neuropeptides synthesized by a population of lateral hypothalamic neurons. Orexin’s physiological function consists mainly in regulating the sleep-wake cycle, eating behavior, and energy homeostasis. Axons of orexin-containing neurons are projected onto many structures of brain and spinal cord, thus providing a variety of their physiological effects. Moreover, the components of the orexinergic system are identified in various peripheral organs and tissues. The effects of orexins are mediated via two receptors (OX1R and OX2R) coupled with G-proteins (GPCRs). The classical signal transmission pathway through orexin receptors in neuronal cells includes an increase of the intracellular calcium as a result of the opening of TRPC membrane channels and IP3 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) channels. In addition to the classic orexin receptors signaling, there is an alternative pathway. Signal transmission through the alternative pathway leads to apoptosis of tumor cells. This pathway is probably due to the structural feature of orexin receptors compared to other GPCRs — the presence of a tyrosine-based immunoreceptor inhibition motif (ITIM). Such motifs are not limited to GPCRs, but are a hallmark of immuno-inhibiting receptors on lymphoid and myeloid cells. ITIM recruits either SHP1 and SHP2 protein tyrosine phosphatases or SHIP1 and SHIP2 inositol phosphatases, to mediate negative signal transduction. A further mechanism of the so-called orexin-induced apoptosis seems to include the p38/MAPK phosphorylation and the cytochrome c releasing from mitochondria, followed by activation of caspases 3 and 7 and cell death. It should be emphasized that this alternative pathway is present only in certain types of tumor cells. This review summarizes the available data on orexin-induced apoptosis of tumor cells from intestines, pancreas, stomach, prostate, endometrium, adrenal glands and glia, and also considers possible mechanisms for its implementation.
Growth-yield performances and partial economic analysis of sugarcane under different planting methods
Authors: HARTOYO Budi , . HARWANTO , ARIANTI Forita D. , MINARSIH Sri , PRAPTANA Raden H. , WINARTO Budi
Published: June 2021

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an important tropical crop around the world, involving in Indonesia, however low productivity is still problem for it. The study was aimed to investigate effect of different planting methods on improving cane growth-yield performances and their partial economic analysis. The study was conducted at Gedangdowo, Jepon, Blora District, Central Java, Indonesia from 2015-2017 at initial planting (IP) to sugarcane ratoon SR-1 and SR-2. Material used was qualified seeds of PS.862 variety. Three planting methods were tested: 1) double trench system (DTS) with 50 cm distance between trench and 135 cm distance between double trenches; 2) single trench system (STS) with 120 cm distance of canter to center (CTC) and 3) STS with 110 cm distance of CTC. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 6 replications. Results of the study revealed that DTS 50/135 was the most appropriate planting method inducing higher cane productivity up to 129.12 t/ha in IP, then increased up to 134.1 t/ha in SR-1 and declined down to 114.1 t/ha in SR-2. Percentage of cane productivity in DTS 50/135 increased up to 40.8% in IP, 51.1% in SR-1 and 64.6% in SR-2. Higher R/C ratio up to 1.99 and 1.94 was performed by STS 120 followed by DTS 50/135. Increasing R/C ratio noted in STS 120 and DTS 50/135 was 18.3 and 21.3%, respectively on SR-1 compared to STS 110. The planting method can be applied to improve sugarcane productivity and its R/C ratio for other varieties.
Hog plums: Its importance, potentials and future prospects
Authors: EMMANUEL-AKERELE Hilda A. , OLISE Ogochukwu F. , TANIMOWO William O.
Published: June 2021

Hog plums, scientifically known as Spondias mombin are medicinal plants that are rich in nutrients and antioxidants, and are of great importance in the food/agricultural industries and the health sector. In the food industries, it is an important fruit crop that can be eaten raw, juiced and processed for making jam, ice cream and jellies, and also provides farmers an alternative feeding material for lactating ruminants to help in galactogenesis and lactopoiesis. In the health sector, hog plums fruit, leaves and stem extract possess antimicrobial, cytotoxic, anti-tyrosinase, diuretic and febrifuge activities for the treatment of certain disease conditions, and it can be effectively preserved by wax coating of the fruits. Methanolic extract of Spondias contain methyl gallate, a substance that has the potential to facilitate apoptotic cell death in human glioblastoma, lung, and breast cancer Hog plums are also rich in vitamins, it strengthens the immune system, protects against heart disease, and stimulates the production of collagen which keeps the body healthy. It is a plant that has obvious and promising health benefits, and as such more research into its properties is advisable. Preservation of hog plum can be achieved by wax coating, retardation of ripening and senescence, and application of growth regulators.
Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. and antibiotics resistant E. coli on poultry carcasses and handlers’ hands at Ikpa slaughter, Nsukka, Nigeria
Authors: NWANKWO Innocent O. , EZENDUKA Ekene V. , NWANTA John A. , OGUGUA Akwoba J. , AUDU Benshak J.
Published: June 2021

Handling and consumption of contaminated meat can lead to food poisoning and acquisition of antibiotics resistance genes. This study determined the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. and antibiotics resistant E. coli on poultry carcasses and handler’s hands at Ikpa slaughter, Nsukka. Swabs collected from carcass surfaces and handler’s hands were cultured and isolates were identified with phenotypic and molecular methods. Coliform enumeration, antibiotics susceptibility testing and data analysis were done. Out of 204 samples, 29 (14.2%) were Campylobacter positive, consisting of C. jejuni (27.6%) and C. coli (72.4%) while another 67 samples yielded 23 (34.4%) positive E. coli. Coliform counts were 3.2x103cfu cm-2 and 1.06x103cfu cm-2for unwashed and washed carcasses, 2.5x105 cfu cm-2 and 0.5x104 cfu cm-2 for unwashed and washed handlers’ hands respectively. E. coli was isolated from 45 and 22% of unwashed and washed carcasses respectively and Campylobacter from 16% of unwashed carcasses only. One and five sticks swabbing methods yielded E. coli in 20.5 and 60.9% and Campylobacter in 12 and 83.3% of carcass samples respectively. Only E. coli was detected in 10 (90.0%) of the unwashed hands. E. coli isolates were multi drug-resistant at 80% with index >0.2 and a range of 70 -100% resistant to enrofloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin, streptomycin and ampicillin; 30 - 50% to gentamycin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin while; 10% were to cephtriazone and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Prevalence of Campylobacter and antibiotics resistant E. coli spp. were significantly associated (P<0.05) with status of processor’s hands and swabbing methods hence, the public health risk and the need for improved hygiene.
Vincetoxicum indicum (Burm.f.) Mabb. - a case of transient abnormal secondary thickening in stem
Authors: DANIEL Mammen , MAMMEN Denni
Published: June 2021

Vincetoxicum indicum (Burm.f.) Mabb. (Syn. Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr., T. asthmatica W. &A.), an important twining medicinal plant of India, was found to show a transient anomalous secondary thickening to facilitate the twisting of stem around a support. The very young stem had a continuous primary xylem cylinder, the protoxylem of which differentiated to two large bundles on the opposing sides and many smaller bundles in between. In the initial stages of maturation, the cambium outside the two large protoxylem groups behaved abnormally in producing more phloem outwards and little or no secondary xylem inwards to produce two wedge shaped phloem groups on opposite sides. The production of crescent shaped secondary xylem on the other two sides which fell at a right-angled plane resulted in bulging of these sides away from the anomalous cambium to create a rectangular stem having two broad sides which were used as the facing sides of stem against a support. As soon as the twisting nature was established, the anomaly was reversed and the anomalous cambial patches started behaving normally to produce a complete ring of secondary xylem. As this abnormal behaviour happened only during the twisting of stem, this is considered as an adaptational anomalous secondary thickening.
Anti-proliferating activity of some toxic and medicinal plants used by Wancho tribe of Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: WANGPAN Tonlong , WANGPAN Athai , CHETRY Luk B. , TANGJANG Sumpam
Published: June 2021

Medicinal plants extend to show an imperative role in the rural healthcare system of developing countries, where herbal medicine has a continuous history of long use. Field studies were conducted following standard ethnobotanical techniques to collect information on the use of toxic and medicinal plants used by the Wancho tribe of Arunachal Pradesh. Vigna radiata was used as a plant model in this study to investigate the antiproliferative property of selected medicinal plant extracts. Green gram seedling root apical meristem cells were used to determine the inhibition of germination and slow growth. Different concentrations of plant extract (20, 50, 250 and 500 µg/ml) were treated in a test tube containing the green gram seeds (n=5) on time dependent manner. Colchicine (20 mg/ml) was used as a standard drug for the growth retardation of green gram seedlings, while the distilled water group served as negative control. Germination test of Vigna radiata L. was performed according to ISTA (International Rules for Seed Testing) rules. The present study concludes that the methanolic plant extracts of all the collected plants significantly inhibited the rate of seed germination and seedling growth at dose dependent manner. It signifies that the use of Phlogacanthus parviflorus and Mikania micrantha in high concentrations may be potentially therapeutic for inhibiting the cell cycle in eukaryotic organisms.
Validity of a 2-item screening tool to identify families at risk for food insecurity in Brazil
Authors: Poblacion Ana , Segall-Corrêa Ana Maria , Cook John , Taddei Jose Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo
Published: June 2021

This manuscript aimed to develop a brief 2-item screening tool to identify Brazilian households that include families with children at risk for food insecurity. Psychometric analyses including sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, accuracy, and ROC curves were used to test combinations of questions to determine the most effective screener to assess households at risk for food insecurity when compared to a gold standard scale. Participants included Brazilian National Survey of Demography and Health on Women and Children (PNDS) surveyed households with a valid Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA) response. The sample included 3,920 households representing 11,779,686 households when expanded using PNDS sample weights. With overall prevalence of food insecurity at 21%, a Brazilian 2-item food-insecurity screen showed sensitivity of 79.31%, specificity of 92.95%, positive predictive value of 74.62%, negative predictive value of 94.5% and ROC area 86.13%. This screen also presented high convergent validity for children’s nutrition and health variables when compared with the gold standard, the EBIA full scale. Based on its ability to detect households at risk for food insecurity, a 2-item screening tool is recommended for widespread adoption as a screening measure throughout Brazil, especially when rapid decision-making has been made fundamental, as under the COVID-19 pandemic. This screener can enable providers to accurately identify families at risk for food insecurity and promptly intervene to prevent or ameliorate adverse health and developmental consequences associated with food insecurity and swiftly respond to crises.
Mortality from AIDS and tuberculosis-HIV coinfection in the Chilean AIDS Cohort of 2000-2017
Authors: Sanhueza-Sanzana Carlos , Kerr Ligia , Kendall Carl
Published: June 2021

Abstract: This article aims to assess the sociodemographic and epidemiological factors associated with AIDS and tuberculosis-HIV coinfection mortality in the Chilean adult population between 2000 and 2017. This is a retrospective observational study, evaluating the incidence density of TB-HIV coinfection mortality in the population over 14 years of age. We used data from the Chilean AIDS Cohort database, 17,512 people enrolled in highly active antiretroviral therapy in the public health system in Chile. The Kaplan-Meier survival function and Cox regression were applied. Incidence density of 0.05 for 39,283 person-years for mortality with TB-HIV coinfection was recorded, with an increase in new cases in people living with AIDS among Aymara and Mapuche indigenous populations. Risk factors included CD4 < 500 cells/mm3 (HR = 3.2; 95%CI: 2.2-4.9), viral load at the start of treatment > 10,000 copies/uL (HR = 1.3; 95%CI: 1.2-1.6). Having high school or higher education (HR = 0.76; 95%CI: 0.6-0.9) is a protective factor for mortality for coinfection. Mortality was concentrated in TB-HIV coinfected people with increasing mortality among women and indigenous populations. The paper contributes to the growing recognition of the role of social determinants in disease outcomes, and the requirement to improve community-focused and community-based testing, sex education in schools, and structural interventions to reduce the adult mortality in Chilean population.
e-SUS Atenção Primária: atributos determinantes para adoção e uso de uma inovação tecnológica
Authors: Zacharias Fabiana Costa Machado , Schönholzer Tatiele Estefani , Oliveira Valeria Conceição de , Gaete Rodrigo André Cuevas , Perez Gilberto , Fabriz Luciana Aparecida , Amaral Gabriela Gonçalves , Pinto Ione Carvalho
Published: June 2021

Resumo: O estudo objetivou analisar a adoção e o uso do e-SUS Atenção Primária (e-SUS APS) como inovação tecnológica na perspectiva dos profissionais da atenção primária à saúde (APS). Trata-se de um estudo de método misto explanatório sequencial (QUAN → qual) realizado em municípios do interior de São Paulo, Brasil, utilizando a Teoria da Difusão de Inovação. O estudo quantitativo foi do tipo transversal analítico, aplicando-se um questionário validado a 114 profissionais da APS. Para testar o modelo do estudo, aplicou-se a modelagem de equações estruturais de mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS-SEM) por meio do software SmartPLS 2.3.0. O estudo qualitativo teve caráter descritivo-exploratório, por meio de entrevistas (n = 10) analisadas por análise temática de conteúdo, visando entender os atributos que não influenciaram a adoção e o uso do e-SUS APS. Os atributos “experimentação”, “facilidade de uso”, “vantagem relativa” e “compatibilidade” não apresentaram significância estatística, indicando não serem atributos determinantes para adoção e uso do e-SUS APS. Na integração dos dados, evidenciaram-se: falhas de conectividade; ausência de tempo para alimentação do sistema em tempo real e de capacitação; não experimentação prévia; apresentação abrupta do sistema e ausência de habilidade com a tecnologia. Os resultados podem auxiliar os demais municípios do Brasil na implantação e/ou efetivação do e-SUS APS, no que tange à importância da infraestrutura organizacional, bem como na capacitação para utilização e manuseio da tecnologia. Este estudo contribui para reflexões e propostas de intervenções aos problemas enfrentados no cotidiano do trabalho quanto à adoção e ao uso de uma inovação tecnológica, como o e-SUS APS.
Aspectos Socioeconômicos dos Candidatos à Residência Médica do Sistema Único de Saúde de Estado do Ceará para Ingresso em 1997
Authors: Silva Joselene Dutra Mota , Silva Lúcio Flávio Gonzaga , Silva Marcelo Gurgel Carlos da
Published: June 2021

Resumo Objetivo: analisar as características socioeconômicas e o desempenho dos candidatos ao processo seletivo à residência médica do SUS-CE/1996, para ingresso em 1997. Material e métodos: 309 questionários socioeconômicos foram distribuídos entre os inscritos. A população de estudo ficou restrita a 284 com respostas completas por que 24 médicos faltaram às provas, e um questionário foi eliminado por equívoco. Dados adicionais foram obtidos do processo seletivo, da ficha de inscrição, da análise curricular padronizada de currículo vitae e dos resultados finais divulgados publicamente. Os questionários foram distribuídos no momento da inscrição, e suas respostas, juntamente com os demais dados, processadas no programa Epi-Info 6, para obtenção dos gráficos, tabelas e da análise estatística. Resultados: a maioria dos candidatos ao processo seletivo é solteira (59,9%) do sexo masculino (60,2%), com idades entre 22 e 26 anos (55,3%). Moram com os pais (43,7%), e seus gastos são financiados por estes (26,4%);58,5% tem casa própria e 80,6% tem carro dentre dos candidatos aprovados, 51,8% são do sexo feminino,66,3% são solteiros com idades entre 24 e 26 anos (59,1%), 53% moram com os pais, 34,9% não tem nenhuma atividade remunerada,62,7% possuem casa própria e 89,3% têm carro.