bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Synchronization of The RPJMD and Smart City Master Plan in Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Juniawati Ani , Edi Nugroho Lukito , Insap Santosa Paulus
Published: November 2023

The implementation of the smart city concept in Indonesia has become a necessity and is no longer an option, but a necessity. Indeed, the complexity of the problems facing the government is very high and requires smart solutions. As a form of supporting local governments in Indonesia in developing smart city master plans, the Ministry of Communication and Informatics of the Republic of Indonesia in 2017 launched the "Movement Towards 100 Smart Cities" program. During the implementation of the program, the Ministry of Communication and Informatics has compiled a guidebook that was used by local governments. However, the guidebook is considered unable to accommodate all the needs of local governments to develop smart city master plans. This research aims to identify the synchronization between RPJMD and smart city master plans in Indonesia by using literature analysis and document analysis methods that aim to facilitate local governments in preparing smart city master plans. The analysis results show a link between the RPJMD document and the smart city master plan based on the mapping carried out on the RPJMD document which has previously been prepared as a regional development planning document.
Analysis of Groundwater Quality on Public Health Around the Putri Cempo TPA, Mojosongo District, Surakarta
Authors: Putri Permatasari Dinda , Asty Pramudita Desma , Enos Berlin Gavriel , Rachmawati Siti , Firmansyah Fathoni , Sholiqin Muchammad
Published: November 2023

Over time, the population of living things continues to increase. This is of course in line with the increasing needs of living things. The population continues to grow, causing the need for water to increase. Putri Cempo TPA is a final disposal and shelter located in Mojosongo, Surakarta, Central Java. At this location there is a village directly adjacent to the landfill area, where there are concerns regarding contaminated water sources for sanitation, hygiene, and consumption facilities. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of ground water used by residents for sanitation, hygiene, and consumption purposes, and to find a correlation between water quality and health data of local residents. This study uses a qualitative method with sampling. The data obtained from observations using the concept of area 1 with a distance (100-200 m), area II with a distance (200-400 m) and area III with a distance (400-600 m), interviews, as well as secondary data will be studied more deeply and will be explained in a holistic and 'circular' manner using a SWOT analysis approach. The results of this study indicate that most of the water parameters have met the standards set by the government. while the parameters of pH and suspended residue did not meet the standard. And there is a link between water quality conditions and public health, such as the incidence of Acute pharyngitis unspecified, fever of other and unknown origin, other forms of stomatitis, and other noninfective gastroenteritis and colitis which have symptoms such as fever, cough, decreased appetite, and diarrhea.
Environmental Impacts Evaluations of Different Alternative Fuel Substitution Rate Scenarios in Clinker Production
Authors: Abdulraoof Taha Al-Maktari Ali , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Published: November 2023

Cement production is an energy-intensive industry that primarily relies on fossil fuels like coal and natural gas to meet energy needs. Extreme usage of fossil fuels leads to depletion of their source and higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions such as NOx, SOx, and CO2. Clinker, as the primary material for cement, is a product of the clinkerization process in the kiln system, where the utilization of fossil fuel happens massively. Pre-calciner, as a part of the kiln system, combusts around 60% of the fuel requirement in the kiln system. The calcination reaction occurs within the pre-calciner at 700 - 900 ˚C and produces over 50% of the emissions. Alternative fuels proved the capability to meet the energy demand and mitigate GHG emissions. Previous studies show Aspen Plus is one of the powerful software, able to simulate the calcination and combustion process realistically. The process model in this study uses data from one of the leading cement plants in Yemen. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the environmental impacts of alternative solid fuel mixture (Tires-derived "TDF" and Plastic waste "PW") and coal with various scenarios of substitution rate. It mainly concentrates on the environment, quality, and energy outputs. Based on the simulation results of the investigated model, in the implementation of 100% alternative fuels mixture scenarios, PW increased the moisture percentage, affecting the outlet temperature, While TDF has higher emissions than PW. Likewise, the 50% alternative fuels mixture with various substitution rates of coal has shown satisfactory results with a low amount of coal regarding the emissions percentages.
Analysis Of Local Stability Of The Model On COVID-19 Spread In DKI Jakarta Province
Authors: Ariyani Rizki Chika Audita , Widowati  , Kartono  , Heru Tjahjana R. , Utomo R. Heri Soelistyo
Published: November 2023

The province of DKI Jakarta in Indonesia has an advanced amount of COVID-19 incidents. Hence its dispersion must be restrained. The SEAIQHRD (Susceptible, Exposed, Asymptomatic, Infected, Quarantined, Hospitalized, Recovery, Deceased) model for the dispersion of COVID-19 was evolved in this article. Next, using NGM method to compute basic reproduction number and employing Routh-Hurwitz criterion method to analyze its local stability. Further, two equilibrium points, namely: endemic and disease-free equilibrium points, are obtained. The value of basic reproduction number is used to determine stability analysis. If basic reproduction number less than one, then the endemic equilibrium point is considered asymptotically stable. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the recovery rate of those who are symptomatic subpopulations can help stop the propagation of COVID-19 illness. This article employs data from the DKI Jakarta Province in numerical simulations to depict the dynamics of the COVID-19 dispersion model. According to the analysis's findings, the COVID-19 dispersion model is asymptotically stable at the endemic equilibrium point with ℜ0=2,1966. This indicate that the average of each infected individual can infect two susceptible persons so that the number of infected person will increase over time and cause an outbreak, which means that COVID-19 will remain in the community.
The Risk of Women Smokers against Birth Weight in Urban Rural Indonesia
Authors: Supadmi Sri , Ashar Hadi , Kusrini Ina , Purwoko Sidiq , Khairunnisa Marizka
Published: November 2023

Tobacco use such as smoking remains a major cause of death, reduced baby birth weight, and birth length, if consumed before, during pregnancy. This study aimed to analyze the risk of smoking women, and the characteristics of the baby's birth weight in urban and rural areas of Indonesia. This study is a cross-sectional survey using a two-stage stratified sampling. The sample size is 2,867 women aged 15-49 years. Significant relationships were found in the categories of maternal age (p <0.05), mother education (<0.01) and wealth status (<0.01). Logistic regression on maternal age <20 years (AOR 1.804, 95% CI 1.170-2.779). maternal age > 35 years (AOR 1.354, 95% CI 0.973-1.884). Mother education, formal (AOR 2.422, CI95% 1.230-4.768), primary (AOR 4.041, CI95% 1.894-8.623), secondary (AOR 2.262, CI95% 1.149-4.453). Wealth middle status (AOR 2.085, CI95% 1.273-3.415). Female smokers were not significantly related, but a 3% higher difference was found in the prevalence of low birth weight in mothers who smoked compared to non-smokers. Maternal age, education level, wealth status were significantly risk factors for mothers to give birth to low birth weight babies. Low birth weight is nearly as common in Indonesia’s cities as it is in the country’s rural parts.
Climate Variability Effects On Rising Dengue Incidence In Jakarta Province
Authors: Ulli Artha Jessica , Susanti Sinaga Evi
Published: November 2023

The incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Jakarta fluctuates throughout the year. During 2017-2020, the municipality of West Jakarta was the second-highest contributor to the incidence of DHF in DKI Jakarta Province, namely 5,301 cases. Subsequently, Kalideres district has the highest incidence of DHF in the West Jakarta municipality area. Currently, globally, the world is experiencing climate change. The transmission of dengue fever is highly dependent on climatic factors. This study aimed to analyze the impact of climate change on rising dengue fever incidence in Jakarta, especially in the Kalideres District, in 2019-2020. The study design was cross-sectional. The variables analyzed were climate change, assessed from weather climate, rainfall, wind speed, and air humidity obtained through recording data from the Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency website. Data on the incidence of DHF used daily DHF case report data obtained from the Kalideres District Health Center. Data analysis used simple linear regression analysis. Based on the bivariate analysis obtained, rainfall (p-value = 0.031; r = 0.211) and air humidity (p-value = 0.001; r = 0.413) were associated with the incidence of DHF. The regression coefficient value indicates that the direction of the relationship between rainfall and humidity is appropriate and in the same direction as the incidence of DHF. Meanwhile, air temperature and wind speed were not related to the incidence of dengue fever (p-value> 0.05). Early detection through dengue surveillance and mosquito vector control during high rainfall is highly recommended.
Der Nächste, bitte – Ethische Aspekte der Priorisierung in der Physiotherapie
Authors: Kemper Claudia
Published: November 2023

Knappe personelle Ressourcen in Therapiepraxen und der hohe Bedarf bei Patient*innen bringen Therapierende inzwischen in Situationen der Entscheidungsnot, die einer medizinischen Triage entsprechen. Claudia Kemper fordert: Um dem Anspruch einer bedarfsgerechten Versorgung gerecht zu werden, sollten wir über ethisch relevante Prinzipien sprechen, die als Leitplanken dienen können.
Psychopharmakotherapie mit dem MAO-Hemmer Tranylcypromin Schwerpunkte
und Trends aus Theorie und Praxis
Authors: Ulrich Sven , Lewitzka Ute
Published: November 2023

Der irreversible Monoaminoxidase-Hemmer Tranylcypromin ist seit mehr als 60
Jahren als Antidepressivum bekannt. Ziel dieses Übersichtsartikels ist
die Bestimmung des Standes der Wissenschaft und Therapie von Tranylcypromin.
Dafür wird die aktuelle Fachliteratur ausgewertet und hinsichtlich
gegenwärtiger Schwerpunkte und allgemeiner Trends der praktischen
Psychopharmakotherapie eingeordnet. Im Ergebnis kann Tranylcypromin heute durch
neue Metaanalysen kontrollierter Studien als gut etabliert für die
Behandlung der therapieresistenten Depression gelten. Die Dosierung
(Maximaldosis, Erhaltungsdosis) wird zunehmend für Anforderungen der
therapieresistenten Depression angepasst. Die Monoaminoxidase ist nicht nur
primäre pharmakologische Zielstruktur von Tranylcypromin sondern
bestimmt zu Therapiebeginn als arzneistoffmetabolisierendes Enzym
enantioselektiv auch die Pharmakokinetik des Monoaminoxidase-Hemmers. Mit
zunehmender Diversität der antidepressiven Pharmakotherapie ist eine
fortwährende Zuordnung von Tranylcypromin als therapeutische
„ultima ratio“ bei Depression überdenkenswert. Es wird
geschlussfolgert, dass Tranylcypromin als Mittel der zweiten Wahl eine wertvolle
Option der antidepressiven Therapie bleibt. Die Kriterien für eine
Umstellung von anderen Antidepressiva auf den Monoaminoxidase-Hemmer
müssen noch besser definiert werden.
Thermoregulation-Focused Implementation of Delayed Cord Clamping among <34 Weeks' Gestational Age Neonates
Authors: Orton Melissa , Theilen Lauren , Clark Erin , Baserga Mariana , Lauer Sarah , Ou Zhining , Presson Angela P. , Dupont Tara , Katheria Anup , Singh Yogen , Chan Belinda
Published: November 2023

Objective Delayed cord clamping (DCC) is recommended for all neonates; however, adapting such practice can be slow or unsustainable, especially among preterm neonates. During DCC neonates are exposed to a cool environment, raising concerns for neonatal hypothermia. Moderate hypothermia may induce morbidities that counteract the potential benefits of DCC. A quality improvement project on a thermoregulation-focused DCC protocol was implemented for neonates less than 34 weeks' gestational age (GA). The aim was to increase the compliance rate of DCC while maintaining normothermia.

Study Design The DCC protocol was implemented on October 1, 2020 in a large Level III neonatal intensive care unit. The thermoregulation measures included increasing delivery room temperature and using heat conservation supplies (sterile polyethylene suit, warm towels, and thermal pads). Baseline characteristics, the compliance rate of DCC, and admission temperatures were compared 4 months' preimplementation and 26 months' postimplementation

Results The rate of DCC increased from 20% (11/54) in preimplementation to 57% (240/425) in postimplementation (p < 0.001). The balancing measure of admission normothermia remained unchanged. In a postimplementation subgroup analysis, the DCC cohort had less tendency to experience admission moderate hypothermia (<36°C; 9.2 vs. 14.1%, p = 0.11). The DCC cohort had more favorable secondary outcomes including higher admission hematocrit, less blood transfusions, less intraventricular hemorrhage, and lower mortality. Improving the process measure of accurate documentation could help to identify implementation barriers.

Conclusion Performing DCC in preterm neonates was feasible and beneficial without increasing admission hypothermia.

Key Points
Construction of a Shared Decision-Making Model Between Doctor and Patient in China Based on Selection Preferences
Authors: Lyu Yuwen , Liu Junrong
Published: November 2023

Influenced by Confucian values, China’s medical decision-making emphasizes a family-centric and harmonious approach, contrasting with Western practices that highlight individual autonomy. However, there’s a global shift towards “patient-centered” care, promoting shared decision-making (SDM) between healthcare practitioners and patients. This study aims to advance the SDM model in China by analyzing the alignment in decision-making between doctors and patients. The focus is on addressing the absence of quantitative tools for SDM coordination. An SDM coupling coordination model was developed, and the coordination level was assessed using data from questionnaires filled by 210 doctors and 248 patients from three prominent Chinese hospitals. Doctors’ and patients’ preferences were categorized into four areas: treatment efficacy, cost considerations, potential side effects, and overall treatment experience. The coordination degrees, represented by “D values,” for these areas were 0.6375, 0.5299, 0.5704, and 0.4586, respectively. A higher “D value” signifies better alignment between doctors and patients. Treatment efficacy showed the strongest alignment, followed by costs and side effects, while treatment experience had the least alignment. In conclusion, the alignment in doctor–patient SDM in China is currently not optimal. Improvements necessitate a foundational “patient-first” approach in SDM, an emphasis on optimization in collaborative strategies, and the establishment of a comprehensive platform for collaboration and coordination in SDM.
A factor pricing model based on double moving average strategy
Authors: Chen YuZhi , Fang Yi , Li XinYue , Wei Jian
Published: November 2023

The heterogeneous market hypothesis states that there are different types of investors with different investment term-structures in the stock market. Based on the hypothesis, we analyze the trading strategies of moving averages with different term structures, and we find that the trading strategies formed by the 1-month short-term moving average with 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month long-term moving averages can gain significant excess returns in the Chinese market. Accordingly, this paper adopts the moving average factor formed by the method of Liu’s to expand the current four-factor pricing model of the Chinese market. The results of spanning regression show that the introduction of the short-term average with a period of 1-month and the long-term moving average with a period of 3- and 12-month can significantly improve the pricing power. The GRS test developed by Gibbons et al. (1989) also shows that the augmented six-factor model with moving average factors can pass the test at the significance level of 5%, and the average absolute value of intercept terms decreases by about 50% compared with the results of the four-factor model. At the same time, under different macro-state dependence, the overall performance of the augmented six-factor model with moving averages is still better than that of the four-factor pricing model proposed by Liu et al.’s. Our main contribution is to introduce double moving average factors to capture the behaviors of investors’ different term structures and add these factors to the most competitive asset pricing model for enhancing the pricing power. It is of great significance to supplement the pricing model in the Chinese market.
Design and simulation of an S-band compact multi-beam klystron
Authors: Lin Xiaobo , Zhang Rui , Zuo Li , Chao Quangui , Xie Bingchuan , Wang Zhicheng , Geng Zhihui , Liao Yunfeng , Yang Xiudong
Published: November 2023

The miniaturization and high power of klystron are the main concerns of accelerators. Multi-beam klystron (MBK) can accommodate higher power and a lower operating voltage than single-beam klystrons, significantly reducing volume and weight. This paper introduces the design and simulation of the beam-wave interaction system and multi-beam electron gun for S-band compact MBK. The 3-D particle simulation results show that the output power of the MBK is 12.6 MW, driven by an input signal with a frequency of 2856 MHz and a power of 13 W. The corresponding efficiency is 70%. In addition, the gain of the MBK is 59.9 dB. The design goal of S-band miniaturized high-power MBK is realized.
Giant two-photon absorption response from a silicon quasi-BIC metasurface
Authors: Xie Hailun , Gui Lili , Liu Yiwen , Lin Fengbin , Zhang Zhongshan , Xu Kun
Published: November 2023

We propose an amorphous silicon (a-Si) metasurface based on a quasi-bound state in the continuum (q-BIC) with a theoretical Q-factor up to 930, which consists of Π-like nanostructures with symmetrical defects. The influences of slot offset parameter and the size of added symmetric defect on the near- and far-field characteristics of the metasurface have been analyzed. Due to local near-field enhancement by the tailored high-Q quasi-BIC resonance, our designed metasurface exhibits significantly enhanced two-photon absorption (TPA) response in the experiment, i.e., the TPA coefficient β0 = 173.2 cm/MW (3–4 orders of magnitude larger than a-Si film) and the TPA saturation intensity Isat = 93.0 MW/cm2. Our work offers a promising alternative scheme to improve nonlinear optical effects at the nanoscale.
Adaptive fractional backstepping intelligent controller for maximum power extraction of a wind turbine system
Authors: Veisi Amir , Delavari Hadi
Published: November 2023

Controlling wind power plants is a challenging issue, however. This is due to its highly nonlinear dynamics, unknown disturbances, parameter uncertainties, and quick variations in the wind speed profiles. So robust controllers are needed to overcome these challenges. This paper suggests two novel control approaches for doubly fed induction generator-based wind turbines. Its key objective is to regulate the generator speed and rotor currents. A radial basis function (RBF) neural network disturbance observer based fractional order backstepping sliding mode control (SMC) is presented to control the rotor currents. This RBF neural network-based disturbance observer estimates unknown disturbances. Also, a new adaptive fractional order terminal SMC is suggested for the control of the generator speed. This robust chattering-free controller that does not require any information about the bound of uncertainties fractional calculus is adopted in the SMC design to eliminate undesired chattering phenomena. The controller parameters are optimally tuned utilizing the ant colony optimization algorithm. The proposed approach was validated using a simulation study entailing various conditions. Its performance was also compared to that of the conventional backstepping and conventional backstepping sliding mode controller. The simulations results verified the approach's ability to maximize power extraction from the wind and properly regulate the rotor currents. The proposed method has about 20% less tracking error than the other two methods, which means 20% higher efficiency.
Generation of∼400 pC electron bunches in laser wakefield acceleration utilizing a structured plasma density profile
Authors: Liu Jiaxin , Lu Haiyang , Lu Huangang , Zhang Hui , Wu Xuezhi , Wu Di , Lan Haoyang , Zhang Jianyao , Lv Jianfeng , Ma Qianyi , Xia Yuhui , Wang Zhenan , Cai Jie , Zhao Yanying , Geng Yixing , Xu Xinlu , Yan Xueqing
Published: November 2023

We proposed and examined experimentally that the charge of the 100 MeV-class electron bunches from laser wakefield accelerators (LWFAs) can be improved to ∼400 pC with the aid of a structured nozzle system. A 43 TW laser pulse driver with 30 fs duration is incident on a density structured gas target, which is created by a 4 mm long gas jet and a moveable slender needle nozzle with 0.8 mm diameter. The charge of produced beam increases compared with that from merely a gas jet (∼100 pC) and reaches its maximum (∼400 pC) at an optimal relative position. Particle-in-cell simulations show that the self-focused spot size and intensity of the laser pulse can be tuned continuously and reveal how the detailed dynamics of the laser pulse evolution, the electron injection, and acceleration in this structured gas target affects the beam charge. This work demonstrates the feasibility of adjusting the laser pulse distribution through its evolution in a plasma to significantly improve the injected charge in LWFAs, which is beneficial for many applications.
Numerical study on static drift tests for ship maneuvering in regular waves
Authors: Zhu Zhang , Kim Byung-Soo , Wang Shuguang , Kim Yonghwan
Published: November 2023

This study is driven by the coupled seakeeping–maneuvering analysis, which predicts ship maneuverability in waves by combining seakeeping analysis with a mathematical maneuvering model. The traditional maneuvering model and its corresponding coefficients are developed based on calm sea conditions, where wave effects are typically disregarded as a temporary compromise. It is an inevitable need to revisit the mathematical maneuvering model or coefficients by considering wave effects. To this end, in this study, a series of static drift tests are employed in waves to investigate the influence of wave effects on the sway damping coefficients of ship maneuvering motion. These tests are conducted using a numerical tank, which overcomes spatial constraints and maintains a reliable wave field for ship–wave interactions. Three wave parameters, namely wavelength, wave steepness, and wave direction, are considered to assess their impacts on the wave-induced motions and forces. Furthermore, the wave effects on the maneuvering coefficients are summarized and discussed using direct observations of ship-turning motions in waves. Additionally, the benefits of computational fluid dynamics analysis are utilized to showcase the strong nonlinear phenomena of ship–wave interactions.
Theoretical analysis of the longitudinal mode behavior due to mode competition in bulk semiconductor lasers
Authors: Mizukami Toshiaki
Published: November 2023

The following typical longitudinal mode phenomena occur in bulk semiconductor lasers: single-mode or multimode operation for longitudinal modes, longitudinal mode suppression except for a dominant mode, asymmetry of the spectral profile of longitudinal modes, mode hopping, and dominant mode hysteresis. This article presents the theoretical occurrences of these phenomena in a unified manner by solving mode-competition equations, including nonlinear gain based on the density matrix method. We select various types of bulk semiconductor lasers for theoretical analyses, including an 850 nm GaAs material, 1.3 and 1.55 µm InGaAsP materials, and wide-striped and narrow-striped structures of an active region. These unified analyses reveal the main factors of these phenomena and the physical parameters that influence these phenomena. A good understanding of these physical parameters will help in designing bulk semiconductor lasers with the desired characteristics.
Design and characterization of an optical-fiber-coupled laser-induced desorption source for gas-phase dynamics experiments
Authors: Milešević Dennis , Popat Divya , Gellersen Paul , Liu Zhihao , Stimson Joseph , Robertson Patrick , Green Andrew , Vallance Claire
Published: November 2023

Preparation of neutral non-volatile molecules intact in the gas phase for mass spectrometry or chemical dynamics experiments remains a challenge for many classes of molecules. Here, we report the design and characterization of a fiber-coupled laser-based thermal desorption source capable of preparing intact neutral molecules at high molecular densities in the gas phase for use in velocity-map imaging experiments. Within this source, the sample is deposited onto a thin tantalum foil. Irradiation of the foil from the reverse side by a focused laser beam leads to highly localized heating of the sample, resulting in desorption of a plume of molecules into the gas phase. The fiber-coupled design simplifies the alignment of the desorption laser beam, and the ability to rotate the foil relative to the fixed laser beam allows the sample to be continually refreshed under vacuum. We use 118 nm photoionization of three test molecules—uracil, adenine, and phenylalanine—to characterize the source and to demonstrate various aspects of its performance. These include the dependence of the velocity-map imaging performance on the size of the interaction region and the dependence of the laser-induced desorption source emission on desorption laser power and heating time. Signal levels recorded in these measurements are comparable to those we typically obtain in similar experiments using a pulsed supersonic molecular beam, and we, therefore, believe that the source has considerable potential for use in a wide range of chemical dynamics and other experiments.
Thermodynamics and morphology of linear multiblock copolymers at homopolymer interfaces
Authors: Collanton Ryan P. , Ellison Christopher J. , Dorfman Kevin D.
Published: November 2023

Block copolymers at homopolymer interfaces are poised to play a critical role in the compatibilization of mixed plastic waste, an area of growing importance as the rate of plastic accumulation rapidly increases. Using molecular dynamics simulations of Kremer–Grest polymer chains, we have investigated how the number of blocks and block degree of polymerization in a linear multiblock copolymer impacts the interface thermodynamics of strongly segregated homopolymer blends, which is key to effective compatibilization. The second virial coefficient reveals that interface thermodynamics are more sensitive to block degree of polymerization than to the number of blocks. Moreover, we identify a strong correlation between surface pressure (reduction of interfacial tension) and the spatial uniformity of block junctions on the interface, yielding a morphological framework for interpreting the role of compatibilizer architecture (number of blocks) and block degree of polymerization. These results imply that, especially at high interfacial loading, the choice of architecture of a linear multiblock copolymer compatibilizing surfactant does not greatly affect the modification of interfacial tension.
Enhancing interaction efficiency in traveling-wave devices with multiple beamlets and beam–beam interference
Authors: Jia Dongdong , Yin Hairong , Cheng Jun , Cai Jinchi , Xu Jin , Yue Lingna , Hu Min , Liu Diwei , Wang W. X. , Wei Yanyu
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate that beam–beam interference can significantly enhance the efficiency of multi-beam traveling-wave devices. Our theoretical analysis explains that a positive coupling of the space-charge field enhances the beam–wave interaction, resulting in increased efficiency in multi-beam devices with beam–beam interference. We validate this mechanism by performing particle-in-cell simulations on 670 GHz grid-loaded rectangular waveguide backward-wave oscillators. Both the multi-beam and single-beam devices exhibit the same dispersion of operating modes and operate under identical conditions. The simulation results indicate that the efficiency of the multi-beam device is up to 1.58 times higher than that of the single-beam device. Additionally, simulations are performed on the same structure at 340 and 1030 GHz, demonstrating efficiency improvements that support the proposed mechanism. These findings present a novel approach for increasing the efficiency of traveling-wave devices.
A numerical study of flow over supersonic projectile under heavy rain
Authors: Wu Jingtong , Wu Yan , Li Yingkun , Xu Jinsheng , Chen Xiong
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a computational fluid dynamics study of morphology and structure dynamics of the flow over a supersonic secant-ogive cylinder boat tail projectile under heavy rain. The discrete phase model is employed to approximate the process of droplet–particle collision with the projectile wall and the formation of a liquid film. The simulation results indicate that at certain angles of attack, rain impact decreases lift coefficient of projectile by as much as 14.9%, as the wall pressure distribution is distinctly reformed. Moreover, the rain condition induces the formation of a liquid film on the front end of the projectile, as the angle of attack increases, the stability of this liquid film gradually improves, while its thickness and coverage rise to the peak values and then decrease. On the projectile’s trailing half, however, the liquid film developed a watery pattern. The collision of liquid droplets causes momentum loss to the projectile, while an unstable liquid film tends to exacerbate aerodynamic performance loss, a stable liquid film would mitigate the performance loss.
Fast flow prediction of airfoil dynamic stall based on Fourier neural operator
Authors: Meng Deying , Zhu Yiding , Wang Jianchun , Shi Yipeng
Published: November 2023

Dynamic stall on airfoil is of great importance in engineering applications. In the present work, Fourier neural operator (FNO) is applied to predict flow fields during the dynamic stall process of the NACA0012 airfoil. Two cases with different angles of attack are simulated by Reynolds averaged numerical simulation with the Spalart–Allmaras (SA) model at Re=4×104. A prediction model is directly constructed between the flow fields at several previous time nodes and that at the future time node by FNO. The prediction of sequence flow fields based on the iterative prediction strategy is achieved for the dynamic stall. The results show that FNO can achieve a fast and accurate prediction of streamwise velocity, normal velocity, pressure, and vorticity for both cases. The dynamics of vortices around the airfoil is analyzed to demonstrate the prediction accuracy of FNO. In addition, FNOs with different configurations are tested to achieve a lower error and a shorter training time-consuming.
Human friendly biodegradable supercapacitors utilizing water-soluble MoOx@Mo-foil as electrode and normal saline as electrolyte
Authors: Zhang Xiaofeng , Javed Muhammad Sufyan , Ren Hongjia , Wei Xinkong , Zhang Xinze , Khan Shaukat , Ahmad Awais , Tighezza Ammar M. , Hassan Ahmed M , Han Weihua
Published: November 2023

The rapid advancement of biomedical technology has sparked increasing interest in developing biodegradable implantable energy storage devices for applications in biosensors and bioelectronics. However, the limited energy density, biocompatibility, and degradability of existing materials have posed significant challenges to their widespread adoption in the biomedical field. In response, this study presents an electrode material for a solid-state biodegradable supercapacitor consisting of an array structure of molybdenum oxide (MoOx) nanosheets in situ grown on water-soluble molybdenum foil (Mo-foil). The MoOx@Mo-foil electrode exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance, suppressing previous designs. It demonstrated a high capacitance of 433.3 F/g at 1 A/g, and even at 10 A/g, it has a favorable rate capability of 48.9%. Furthermore, cycling stability test revealed an outstanding endurance, with an impressive retention of 88.0% after 5000 cycles. An symmetrical supercapacitor was assembled by combining two MoOx@Mo-foil electrodes with remarkable energy storage capabilities and cycling stability of 94.3% over 5000 cycles. Additionally, the biodegradable supercapacitor exhibited a high energy density of 40.95 Wh/kg at 600.48 W/kg. Moreover, the device is fully biodegradable, which paves the way for advancing the field of bioelectronics and propelling the development of sustainable energy storage technologies for biomedical applications.
Simulation of flow over a fixed and oscillating circular cylinder with different surface roughness patterns using a multi-block-multi-mesh framework immersed boundary method
Authors: Kumar Debajyoti , Roy Somnath
Published: November 2023

The effect of surface roughness on forces over a cylinder and the resulting vortex patterns at low Reynolds numbers are not well reported in the literature. This paper investigates flow over fixed and transversely oscillating two-dimensional rough cylinders with different roughness heights and spacing. A novel multi-block-multi-mesh framework-based immersed boundary method is developed to resolve the roughness elements over the cylinder surface, using a relatively coarser mesh at the outer domain. Small re-circulation zones trapped inside the roughness elements are captured. A drastic reduction in skin-friction drag is observed due to these vortices for both fixed and oscillating cylinders. Higher roughness height resulted in better lock-in phenomena at lower oscillation frequencies. However, the vortex shedding modes did not show much sensitivity to surface roughness.
Measuring many-body distribution functions in fluids using test-particle insertion
Authors: Stones Adam Edward , Aarts Dirk G. A. L.
Published: November 2023

We derive a hierarchy of equations, which allow a general n-body distribution function to be measured by test-particle insertion of between 1 and n particles. We apply it to measure the pair and three-body distribution functions in a simple fluid using snapshots from Monte Carlo simulations in the grand canonical ensemble. The resulting distribution functions obtained from insertion methods are compared with the conventional distance-histogram method: the insertion approach is shown to overcome the drawbacks of the histogram method, offering enhanced structural resolution and a more straightforward normalization. At high particle densities, the insertion method starts breaking down, which can be delayed by utilizing the underlying hierarchical structure of the insertion method. Our method will be especially useful in characterizing the structure of inhomogeneous fluids and investigating closure approximations in liquid state theory.
Demonstration of highly sensitive wideband microwave sensing using ensemble nitrogen-vacancy centers
Authors: Ogawa Kensuke , Nishimura Shunsuke , Sasaki Kento , Kobayashi Kensuke
Published: November 2023

Microwave magnetometry is essential for the advancement of microwave technologies. We demonstrate a broadband microwave sensing protocol using the AC Zeeman effect with ensemble nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. A widefield microscope can visualize the frequency characteristics of the microwave resonator and the spatial distribution of off-resonant microwave amplitude. Furthermore, by combining this method with dynamical decoupling, we achieve the microwave amplitude sensitivity of 5.2 μT/Hz, which is 7.7 times better than 40.2 μT/Hz obtained using the protocol in previous research over a sensing volume of 2.77 μm×2.77 μm×30  nm. Our achievement is a concrete step in adapting ensemble NV centers for wideband and widefield microwave imaging.
Zero-field splitting parameters within exact two-component theory and modern density functional theory using seminumerical integration
Authors: Bruder Florian , Franzke Yannick J. , Holzer Christof , Weigend Florian
Published: November 2023

An efficient implementation of zero-field splitting parameters based on the work of Schmitt et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 194113 (2011)] is presented. Seminumerical integration techniques are used for the two-electron spin–dipole contribution and the response equations of the spin–orbit perturbation. The original formulation is further generalized. First, it is extended to meta-generalized gradient approximations and local hybrid functionals. For these functional classes, the response of the paramagnetic current density is considered in the coupled-perturbed Kohn–Sham equations for the spin–orbit perturbation term. Second, the spin–orbit perturbation is formulated within relativistic exact two-component theory and the screened nuclear spin–orbit (SNSO) approximation. The accuracy of the implementation is demonstrated for transition-metal and diatomic main-group compounds. The efficiency is assessed for Mn and Mo complexes. Here, it is found that coarse integration grids for the seminumerical schemes lead to drastic speedups while introducing clearly negligible errors. In addition, the SNSO approximation substantially reduces the computational demands and leads to very similar results as the spin–orbit mean field Ansatz.
Phantom oscillations in principal component analysis
Authors: Shinn Maxwell
Published: November 2023

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a dimensionality reduction method that is known for being simple and easy to interpret. Principal components are often interpreted as low-dimensional patterns in high-dimensional space. However, this simple interpretation fails for timeseries, spatial maps, and other continuous data. In these cases, nonoscillatory data may have oscillatory principal components. Here, we show that two common properties of data cause oscillatory principal components: smoothness and shifts in time or space. These two properties implicate almost all neuroscience data. We show how the oscillations produced by PCA, which we call “phantom oscillations,” impact data analysis. We also show that traditional cross-validation does not detect phantom oscillations, so we suggest procedures that do. Our findings are supported by a collection of mathematical proofs. Collectively, our work demonstrates that patterns which emerge from high-dimensional data analysis may not faithfully represent the underlying data.
TGF-β broadly modifies rather than specifically suppresses reactivated memory CD8 T cells in a dose-dependent manner
Authors: Taber Alexis , Konecny Andrew , Oda Shannon K. , Scott-Browne James , Prlic Martin
Published: November 2023

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) directly acts on naive, effector, and memory T cells to control cell fate decisions, which was shown using genetic abrogation of TGF-β signaling. TGF-β availability is altered by infections and cancer; however, the dose-dependent effects of TGF-β on memory CD8 T cell (T
mem
) reactivation are still poorly defined. We examined how activation and TGF-β signals interact to shape the functional outcome of T
mem
reactivation. We found that TGF-β could suppress cytotoxicity in a manner that was inversely proportional to the strength of the activating TCR or proinflammatory signals. In contrast, even high doses of TGF-β had a comparatively modest effect on IFN-γ expression in the context of weak and strong reactivation signals. Since CD8 T
mem
may not always receive TGF-β signals concurrently with reactivation, we also explored whether the temporal order of reactivation versus TGF-β signals is of importance. We found that exposure to TGF-β before or after an activation event were both sufficient to reduce cytotoxic effector function. Concurrent ATAC-seq and RNA-seq analysis revealed that TGF-β altered ~10% of the regulatory elements induced by reactivation and also elicited transcriptional changes indicative of broadly modulated functional properties. We confirmed some changes on the protein level and found that TGF-β-induced expression of CCR8 was inversely proportional to the strength of the reactivating TCR signal. Together, our data suggest that TGF-β is not simply suppressing CD8 T
mem
but modifies functional and chemotactic properties in context of their reactivation signals and in a dose-dependent manner.
Metaphors from perception and culture
Authors: Yu Ning
Published: November 2023

Applying conceptual metaphor theory, this study aims to discuss how metaphors emerge from the interaction between
perceptual experience and cultural environment, comparing English and Chinese. The kind of metaphors under study is rooted in the
object image schema, particularly in its dimension in solidity with bipolar values as hard and
soft. Specifically, these are primary metaphors grounded in experiential correlations in manipulating physical
objects that are hard or soft. It is argued that the similarities and differences between English and Chinese in such metaphorical
mappings can be accounted for by four main meaning focuses consisting in four pairs of parametric variables: more or less effort,
more or less impact, more or less strength, and more or less flexibility. These parametric variables determine metaphorical
mapping pathways from hard and soft as source concepts to some abstract target concepts.
El efecto Dunning-Kruger en la autoevaluación del español como L2
Authors: Santamaría Busto Enrique
Published: November 2023

El presente experimento analiza las divergencias entre la autoevaluación que un grupo de 40 hablantes de español como L2 emite sobre su grado de comprensibilidad, acento extranjero y fluidez, y las evaluaciones que recibe por parte de dos grupos de jueces: 109 No expertos sin experiencia en la enseñanza y 42 Expertos o profesores de español como L2. El propósito del experimento es analizar las diferencias entre estas evaluaciones considerando los grados de desempeño de los hablantes, ya que diversos estudios han demostrado que los participantes con peor competencia tienden a sobrevalorar su habilidad, mientras que aquellos situados en lo alto de la escala tienden a subestimarla (Kruger & Dunning, 1999). Este efecto, conocido como «Dunning-Kruger», resulta relevante para conocer hasta qué punto la autoevaluación de estas tres dimensiones por parte de aprendientes de español se corresponde con la evaluación de los interlocutores nativos con los que ellos interactúan habitualmente dentro y fuera del aula. Los resultados muestran que, efectivamente, los hablantes con peor desempeño se sobrevaloran y los que fueron mejor valorados se infravaloran, aunque la experiencia de los jueces resulta relevante a la hora de marcar la significatividad estadística de las diferencias y los tamaños del efecto.
Effect of laser energy on temporal evolution of self-absorption at different air pressures
Authors: Ke W , Yuan H , Liu J Q , Wang X H , Yang A J , Chu J F , Liu D X , Rong M Z
Published: November 2023

The self-absorption effect is one of the key factors influencing the accuracy of quantitative analysis. Laser energy is the key influencing factor of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and the mechanism of its influence on temporal evolution of self-absorption under different air pressures is still not fully understood due to complex physical processes. In this study, the temporally resolved spectra of Cu I 521.82 nm were acquired from the direction of laser incidence and the influence of laser energy on the temporal evolution of self-absorption in a low-vacuum (at pressures of 105, 104 and 103Pa) and high-vacuum (at pressures of 10, 10−1 and 10−3Pa) environment was studied. The experimental results indicate that the self-absorption effect of spectral line Cu I 521.82 nm is enhanced with an increase in delay time and laser energy in both high-vacuum and low-vacuum environments in this study. This is because increasing the delay time and laser energy leads to an increase in plasma column density. An intriguing phenomenon observed in this experiment is that at a pressure of 105Pa, the self-absorption of Cu I 521.82 nm initially increases but eventually weakens with laser energy, while at air pressures of 104Pa and 103Pa the self-absorption monotonically weakens with increasing laser energy during the measurement. This is because temporal evolution of plasma at 104Pa and 103Pa is significantly faster than that at 105Pa, and an increase in laser energy can delay the enhancement of self-absorption, the self-absorption has rapidly evolved to decrease with laser energy during spectral measurement at air pressure of 104 Pa and 103 Pa. This work is helpful in understanding the influence of air pressure and laser energy on the self-absorption effect of spectral lines and optimizing experimental parameters, and provides a reference for LIBS application.
Probe thermometry with continuous measurements
Authors: Boeyens Julia , Annby-Andersson Björn , Bakhshinezhad Pharnam , Haack Géraldine , Perarnau-Llobet Martí , Nimmrichter Stefan , Potts Patrick P , Mehboudi Mohammad
Published: November 2023

Temperature estimation plays a vital role across natural sciences. A standard approach is provided by probe thermometry, where a probe is brought into contact with the sample and examined after a certain amount of time has passed. In situations where, for example, preparation of the probe is non-trivial or total measurement time of the experiment is the main resource that must be optimized, continuously monitoring the probe may be preferred. Here, we consider a minimal model, where the probe is provided by a two-level system coupled to a thermal reservoir. Monitoring thermally activated transitions enables real-time estimation of temperature with increasing accuracy over time. Within this framework we comprehensively investigate thermometry in both bosonic and fermionic environments employing a Bayesian approach. Furthermore, we explore adaptive strategies and find a significant improvement on the precision. Additionally, we examine the impact of noise and find that adaptive strategies may suffer more than non-adaptive ones for short observation times. While our main focus is on thermometry, our results are easily extended to the estimation of other environmental parameters, such as chemical potentials and transition rates.