bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cocaine-Related Deaths in Pima County, Arizona, 1982–1984
Authors: Rogers JN , Henry TE , Jones AM , Froede RC , Byers JM
Published: August 2015

A three-year review of toxicology data from medical examiner autopsies in Pima County, Arizona, has demonstrated that cocaine has rapidly become a leading substance of abuse, second only to alcohol in the frequency of drugs detected by toxicologic analysis of all suspicious deaths, motor vehicle accident fatalities, homicides, and suicides. Gastric contents and urine were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography, and nasal swabs, blood, and urine were tested for the combination of cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine by quantitative radioimmunoassay. A total of seventy-two deaths in Pima County from 1982 to 1984 have involved cocaine. Seventy percent of these have occurred in the last fifteen months. Marked variation in the individual response to cocaine compared to the blood concentration of cocaine/metabolite was noted.
Domestic Violence: A Medicolegal Review
Authors: Frazer M
Published: August 2015

This paper reviews the recent medical and legal literature in the field of spouse abuse. Domestic violence is a national phenomenon that directly affects victims of spouse abuse and indirectly conditions the children of the victims to accept violent behavior as normative. This paper characterizes the cycle of violence battered women encounter, describes their injury patterns, explores the dynamics of the abusive relationship, and discusses the factors that compel women to remain in such violent relationships. The second section describes many of the recent legislation designed to prevent spouse abuse. Next, this paper addresses the case law utilizing the “battered woman syndrome” as a defense for spousal homicide. The third section of the paper explores the often neglected topic of the battered husband.
A Consultant's Survey of the Patients in a Maximum Security Hospital
Authors: Heller MS , Ehrlich SM , Lester D
Published: August 2015

The patients at a state maximum security forensic facility were interviewed by a psychiatrist and their files reviewed. Only 43 of the 203 patients were judged to be suitable for the facility. Nearly 60% of the pretrial defendants were judged to be capable of proceeding to trial. Of the patients, 18% were judged to be malingering or avoiding trial or prison. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Homicidal Asphyxia by Pepper Aspiration
Authors: Cohle SD
Published: August 2015

As punishment for lying, the foster mother of a five-year-old white male poured pepper into his throat. He immediately became dyspneic, then apneic, and was pronounced dead about 1 h later. At autopsy, the main stem and several smaller bronchi were occluded with pepper. Mechanisms of asphyxia by pepper include mechanical obstruction of the tracheobronchial tree and mucosal edema caused by the irritant effect of volatile oils in pepper. This rare circumstance represents the second reported fatal case of pepper aspiration and the third reported case overall.
Toxicological Findings in a Fatal Overdose of Verapamil
Authors: Crouch DJ , Crompton C , Rollins DE , Peat MA , Francom P
Published: August 2015

Presented is a case where the death was attributed to the deliberate ingestion of an overdose of verapamil (V). Blood, urine, and gastric concentrations of the drug were determined by gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detection (GC-NPD). Identification of norverapamil (NV) was made. A presumptive identification of o-demethylnorverapamil (DNV) was also made.
A Review of The Expert Witness
Authors: Froede RC
Published: August 2015

The Expert Witness is a very basic monograph concerning the conduct of the qualified exPert witness in the courtroom. All areas concerning deposition, courtroom testimony, pretrial preparation (including fees), and determination of a qualified witness are presented in a somewhat general manner with some areas such as “Trick Questions” given a very superficial treatment.
A Review of Evidence, Proof & Probability
Authors: Mills DH
Published: August 2015

This is an erudite treatise on the application of probability theory to the legal process, written by a former judge and university chancellor, and still a law school professor. He is a scholar on the subject of constitutional law and the law of evidence, but for most of the audience in the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, his approach in this book has limited, but very poignant application.
Analysis of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms in Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Recovered from Dried Bloodstains
Authors: Kanter E , Baird M , Shaler R , Balazs I
Published: August 2015

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was recovered from dried bloodstains aged up to three years and shown to be of high molecular weight. DNA was digested with restriction endonucleases and fractionated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Following transfer to a filter, DNA was hybridized with two different radioactively labeled recombinant probes which recognize highly polymorphic regions in human DNA. The autoradiographic pattern observed was not altered by sample age, and the size of the alleles was consistent with those observed in the general population. Therefore, DNA of high molecular weight prepared from dried blood samples can be used for identification.
Application of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Polymorphisms to the Analysis of DNA Recovered from Sperm
Authors: Giusti A , Baird M , Pasquale S , Balazs I , Glassberg J
Published: August 2015

Sperms, collected following sexual activity of volunteers, were processed to isolate high-molecular weight deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). These DNA samples were digested with particular restriction endonucleases and analyzed with probes that recognize polymorphic DNA regions within the human genome. The pattern of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) detected by this test is identical to that observed with DNA prepared from blood of the male sexual partner. Therefore, RFLP analysis can be used to exclude or to determine the probable identity of an assailant in rape cases.
Sensitivity Enhancement of Ninhydrin-Treated Latent Fingerprints by Enzymes and Metal Salts
Authors: Everse KE , Menzel ER
Published: August 2015

Lyophylized Sigma Type III trypsin has been applied to latent prints two weeks to two months old. This trypsin preparation eliminates the background problems that had been encountered with old prints in a previous study. Zinc chloride treatment of latent prints previously exposed to ninhydrin enhances their detectability upon laser examination. However, it has been reported that the zinc chloride reaction occasionally fails to occur. Accordingly, we have investigated the optimization of this reaction. We find that high humidity and elevated temperature, particularly the former, are needed. Cadmium nitrate, although it produces weaker fluorescence than zinc chloride, may at times be useful. Reaction conditions are much the same as those for zinc chloride.
The Value of Microscopic Features in the Examination of Human Head Hairs: Statistical Analysis of Questionnaire Returns
Authors: Aitken CGG , Robertson J
Published: August 2015

There is an apparent diversity of opinion with respect to the probative value of hair in the United Kingdom and in North America. A questionnaire was devised and widely circulated in an attempt to discover the reasons behind this diversity and to seek the views of a broad range of hair examiners. This paper reports on the statistical analyses of the answers to the closed form questions. The majority of replies to most questions favored the number of categories given in the questionnaire. The general impression is that U.K. scientists tend to want fewer categories for classification of microscopic features than the North Americans. The largest divisions of opinion concerned pigment distribution and density and the medulla, where North American scientists want more categories for classification and the U.K. scientists fewer. The implications of these results in the choice and description of features to be examined in human hairs is considered in the second paper concerned with this questionnaire.
The Value of Microscopic Features in the Examination of Human Head Hairs: Analysis of Comments Contained in Questionnaire Returns
Authors: Robertson J , Aitken CGG
Published: August 2015

Comments received in response to a questionnaire seeking opinion about hair examination have been considered. The questionnaire was in two parts: the first was concerned with the description of microscopic features and the second with the use of numerical features and data sheets in hair examinations. The same format is used to present a synopsis of the many individual comments and suggestions contained in questionnaire returns. It is argued that a hair examination form can contribute to more effective hair examinations although not replacing direct side-by-side comparisons. A hair examination form is presented with recommendations for its use.
Reptile Leather Trade: The Forensic Science Examiner's Role in Litigation and Wildlife Law Enforcement
Authors: Brazaitis P
Published: August 2015

The forensic science identification of crocodilian hides and products is an immense task that requires the efforts of the forensic science examiner. Positive identifications of reptilian species must be made for use in litigation against traffickers in hides and products of protected species. Two example cases of identification and litigation are presented, and methods of identification are enumerated.
Technique for Transferring Ink from a Written Line to a Thin-Layer Chromatographic Sheet
Authors: Kuranz RL
Published: August 2015

A method is presented for transferring ink directly from small samples of written lines that have been removed from questioned documents. The technique is flexible, uses limited samples if necessary, and is quite rapid.
Patterned Injury and Its Evidentiary Value
Authors: Rao VJ
Published: August 2015

A rape-homicide victim was stomped by her assailant leaving a unique patterned injury on her scalp. Two methods were used to subsequently match the patterned injury on her scalp to the pattern on the shoe of the assailant that was found at the crime scene.
Identification of the Murder Weapon by Intricate Patterned Injury Measurements
Authors: Zugibe FT , Costello JT
Published: August 2015

Critical studies of an intricate blunt force injury pattern in a brutal homicide led to the identification of the murder weapon. A 50-year-old male was bludgeoned to death in his apartment during a robbery allegedly engineered by his daughter. Careful measurements and overlay construction of the wounds relative to the magazine catch, lanyard ring, magazine chamber, and butt of a 32-caliber Eistegui Hermanos fibar (España) automatic pistol led to the conclusion that either the alleged weapon or one identical to it caused the fatal injuries.
Analysis of Circadian Rhythms in the Basal Filamentous AscomycetePyronema confluens
Authors: Traeger Stefanie , Nowrousian Minou
Published: August 2015

Many organisms use circadian clocks to adapt to daily changes in the environment. Major insights into the molecular mechanisms of circadian oscillators have been gained through studies of the model organism Neurospora crassa; however, little is known about molecular components of circadian clocks in other fungi. An important part of the N. crassa circadian clock is the frequency (frq) gene, homologs of which can be found in Sordariomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Leotiomycetes, but not Eurotiomycetes. Recently, we identified a frq homolog in Pyronema confluens, a member of the early-diverging Pezizomycete lineage of filamentous ascomycetes. The P. confluens FRQ shares many conserved domains with the N. crassa FRQ. However, there is no known morphological phenotype showing overt circadian rhythmicity in P. confluens. To investigate whether a molecular clock is present, we analyzed frq transcription in constant darkness, and found circadian oscillation of frq with a peak in the subjective morning. This rhythm was temperature compensated. To identify additional clock-controlled genes, we performed RNA sequencing of two time points (subjective morning and evening). Circadian expression of two morning-specific genes was verified by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) over a full time course, whereas expression of two putative morning-specific and five putative evening-specific genes could not be verified as circadian. frq expression was synchronized, but not entrained by light. In summary, we have found evidence for two of the three main properties of circadian rhythms (free-running rhythm, temperature compensation) in P. confluens, suggesting that a circadian clock with rhythmically expressed frq is present in this basal filamentous ascomycete.
Freedom and Responsibility in Synthetic Genomics: The Synthetic Yeast Project
Authors: Sliva Anna , Yang Huanming , Boeke Jef D , Mathews Debra J H
Published: August 2015

First introduced in 2011, the Synthetic Yeast Genome (Sc2.0) Project is a large international synthetic genomics project that will culminate in the first eukaryotic cell (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with a fully synthetic genome. With collaborators from across the globe and from a range of institutions spanning from do-it-yourself biology (DIYbio) to commercial enterprises, it is important that all scientists working on this project are cognizant of the ethical and policy issues associated with this field of research and operate under a common set of principles. In this commentary, we survey the current ethics and regulatory landscape of synthetic biology and present the Sc2.0 Statement of Ethics and Governance to which all members of the project adhere. This statement focuses on four aspects of the Sc2.0 Project: societal benefit, intellectual property, safety, and self-governance. We propose that such project-level agreements are an important, valuable, and flexible model of self-regulation for similar global, large-scale synthetic biology projects in order to maximize the benefits and minimize potential harms.
Genetic Control of Environmental Variation of Two Quantitative Traits ofDrosophila melanogasterRevealed by Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Sørensen Peter , de los Campos Gustavo , Morgante Fabio , Mackay Trudy F C , Sorensen Daniel
Published: August 2015

Genetic studies usually focus on quantifying and understanding the existence of genetic control on expected phenotypic outcomes. However, there is compelling evidence suggesting the existence of genetic control at the level of environmental variability, with some genotypes exhibiting more stable and others more volatile performance. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for environmental variability not only informs medical questions but is relevant in evolution and in agricultural science. In this work fully sequenced inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster were analyzed to study the nature of genetic control of environmental variance for two quantitative traits: starvation resistance (SR) and startle response (SL). The evidence for genetic control of environmental variance is compelling for both traits. Sequence information is incorporated in random regression models to study the underlying genetic signals, which are shown to be different in the two traits. Genomic variance in sexual dimorphism was found for SR but not for SL. Indeed, the proportion of variance captured by sequence information and the contribution to this variance from four chromosome segments differ between sexes in SR but not in SL. The number of studies of environmental variation, particularly in humans, is limited. The availability of full sequence information and modern computationally intensive statistical methods provides opportunities for rigorous analyses of environmental variability.
PHYSICAL REHABILITATION IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND HIGH-TECH APPROACHES
Authors: Peresedova A. V. , Chernikova L. A. , Zavalishin I. A.
Published: August 2015

In a chronic and disabling disease like multiple sclerosis, rehabilitation programs are of major importance for the preservation of physical, physiological, social and professional functioning and improvement of quality of life. Currently, it is generally assumed that physical activity is an important component of non-pharmacological rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis. Properly organized exercise is a safe and efficient way to induce improvements in a number of physiological functions. A multidisciplinary rehabilitative approach should be recommended. The main recommendations for the use of exercise for patients with multiple sclerosis have been listed. An important aspect of the modern physical rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis is the usage of high-tech methods. The published results of robot-assisted training to improve the hand function and walking impairment have been represented. An important trend in the rehabilitation of patients with multiple sclerosis is the reduction of postural disorders through training balance coordination. The role of transcranial magnetic stimulation in spasticity reducing is being investigated. The use of telemedicine capabilities is quite promising. Due to the fact that the decline in physical activity can lead to the deterioration of many aspects of physiological functions and, ultimately, to mobility decrease, further research of the role of physical rehabilitation as an important therapeutic approach in preventing the progression of disability in multiple sclerosis is required.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE СOURSE OF MAXILLARY SINUSITIS IN CHILDREN WITH VERIFIED CHLAMYDIA INFECTION
Authors: Kapustina T. A. , Belova E. V.
Published: August 2015

Aim. To explore the detection rate of chlamydia infection and immunological features of children with acute maxillary sinusitis. Patients and methods. Сlinical epidemiologic characteristics of the course of acute maxillary sinusitis were studied in the way of medical examination provided for 58 children in the ages from 3 to 15 years, patients of ENT department. In order to identify Chlamydia structures and specific antibodies we used direct (polymerase-chain reaction, direct immune fluorescence) and indirect (immune enzyme analysis) methods. The research for cellular link of immunity was carried out by indirect immune fluorescence technique, using monoclonal antibodies. Results. The authors report on high level of Chlamydia infection in epithelium of nasal mucosa, and also type structure of verified Chlamydia, clinical signs and peculiarities of immune response in children with acute maxillary sinusitis associated with this infection. Conclusions: Chlamydia was detected in 48 % of children with acute maxillary sinusitis infection with prevalence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae. Optimal for detection of chlamydia infection is a disease duration not exceeding 2 weeks. The special features of clinical and immunological manifestations in children with acute sinusitis, paired with Chlamydia infection are the more frequent complaints of pain in the affected sinuses, expressed symptoms of intoxication, and the presence of an imbalance in cellular immunity , manifested a relative lymphopenia and activation of T-lymphocytes CD8+.
FORWARD-MORPHOLOGICAL CRITERIA OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS RELAPSE AND CONTINUOUS FLOW IN CHILDREN
Authors: Fedulova E. N. , Zhukova E. A. , Kuznetsova T. A. , Shumilova O. V. , Fedorova O. V. , Tutina O. A.
Published: August 2015

Inflammatory bowel disease is one of the most difficult groups of pathologies in pediatric gastroenterology, due to the steady growth of their prevalence, offset debut at an earlier age, the increase in the incidence of severe complicated forms. Established clinical, genetic, serologic criteria for progression of ulcerative colitis are contradictory, and some - the reach of most medical institutions. Aim: to evaluate the prognostic significance of morphological features of ulcerative colitis relapse and continuous flow. Materials and methods: a retrospective study conducted histological kolonobioptatov 26 children with recurrent, 20 - with a continuous flow of ulcerative colitis during their primary treatment in a hospital, the comparison group consisted of 50 children without inflammatory bowel disease. Results: morphological characteristics identified predictors of recurrent ulcerative colitis in the form of severe eosinophilic infiltration of the epithelium, lamina propria of the mucosa. For a continuous flow was characterized: high density cell infiltration of the lamina propria mucosa epithelium predominantly under represented plasma cells, fibroblasts, sclerosis of the basal membrane, the presence of epithelial arcades deformed crypt abscesses. Conclusion: the extended study of biopsy material, including assessment of the composition and location of infiltration, fibroblast pool of epithelial- connective relationships in the colonic mucosa of children with ulcerative colitis will not only assess the inflammatory process, but also to predict the course of disease, thereby defining a long-term tactics treatment.
CELLS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM OF MOTHER АND TROPHOBLAST CELLS: CONSTRUCTIVE COOPERATION FOR THE SAKE OF ACHIEVEMENT OF THE JOINT PURPOSE
Authors: Ailamazyan E. K. , Stepanova O. I. , Sel'kov S. A. , Sokolov D. I.
Published: August 2015

In the present review modern data about change of morfo-functional properties of a trophoblast during pregnancy, and also about influence of the cytokines produced by cells of a microenvironment, including leucocytes of mother, on a functional state of trophoblast is cited. Features of interaction between trophoblast and immune cells of mother are described within physiological pregnancy and within pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia.
SEVERAL MEDICAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS WHICH MAY INFLUENCE IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Kruchkov D. V. , Kheraskov V. Yu. , Maksimov S. A. , Artamononva G. V.
Published: August 2015

Aim: to study the medical and social aspects of in-hospital mortality after myocardial infarction (MI) in the cardiology center of a major industrial city in Western Siberia. Patients and methods: the material of the study was the database of patients with acute coronary syndrome (19 283 patients), formed by a continuous method retrospectively. The volume of the study were 6463 patients with MI for 2006–2011. Results: in-hospital mortality of patients with MI was 11,8%, with MI complicated by cardiogenic shock — 87,4%, in the primary MI — 7,4%, during the second MI — 22,1%. In-hospital mortality in MI depends on the age of the patients: in group of patients of working age mortality was 4,7%, the retirement age — 12,4%, old age — 22,7%. In the working-age group mortality in men is almost three times higher than in women. The mortality of patients with MI without reperfusion was 13,4%, in the case of reperfusion therapy — 9,2%. Conclusions: hospital mortality depends on the patient's age, type of MI (primary or repeated), the severity of the condition, applied treatments.
CENTRAL MOTOR PATHWAYS IN CHILDREN WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Authors: Voitenkov V. B. , Komantsev V. N. , Skripchenko N. V. , Ivanova G. P. , Surovtseva A. V. , Klimkin A. V.
Published: August 2015

Aim: to evaluate motor pathways involvement in children with multiple sclerosis. Patients and methods: we used transcranial magnetic stimulation method. 9 children with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (mean duration 1,68 years) and 20 controls were enrolled. Results: in most of the cases findings in multiple sclerosis group were abnormal. More often polyphasic changes of the motor evoked potentials (MEP) shape (78% of the cases) and elevation of MEP threshold (88%) were seen. Conclusions: transcranial magnetic stimulation demonstrated high sensitivity in children with multiple sclerosis. Main neurophysiologic findings in multiple sclerosis in children may reflect altering membrane excitability of motor neurons and demyelinating lesions. Axonal damage in children with multiple sclerosis are less apparent.
NOSOCOMIAL RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS BRONCHIOLITIS IN PRETERM INFANTS: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COURSE, TREATMENT АND PREVENTION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Ovsyannikov D. Yu. , Degtyarev D. N. , Ryumina I. I. , Krsheminskaya I. V. , Orlovskaya I. V.
Published: August 2015

Objective: to study the clinical, laboratory and radiological features of the course of nosocomial bronchiolitis respiratory syncytial viral (RSV ) etiology and effectiveness of the therapy in preterm infants in the neonatal hospital conditions. Patients and Methods: We analyzed case histories of 10 hospitalized patients who had RSV etiology bronchiolitis established by RIF / PCR in neonatal Moscow hospitals in  2011-2013. Results: RSV infection in hospitalized preterm infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia runs hardly, requiring treatment in the intensive care unit, oxygen therapy and  lungs mechanical ventilation. The respiratory failure is the symptom of the of RSV bronchiolitis severity. X-ray picture of the disease is characterized by peribronchial changes, emphysematous swelling , segmental infiltration and bronchial obstruction (atelectasis, hypoventilation ). The frequency of bacterial complications of RSV bronchiolitis is low. In clinical practice newborns with severe RSV bronchiolitis are treated with antibiotics, bronchodilators, steroids. The timely isolation of patients can prevent the extention of the infection in the hospital. Conclusions: The preventive measures are needed to prevent the extention of RSV in neonatal hospitals, including specific immune prophylaxisof RSV infection in children at risk .
LAWS AND REGULATIONS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL SERVICE OF CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
Authors: Khubutiya M. Sh. , Luzhnikov E. A. , Tadzhiev I. Ya. , Kabanova S. A. , Gol'dfarb Yu. S.
Published: August 2015

In the formation and development of the national specialized toxicological service the important role was played by legislative initiatives, distinguished with continuity and improvement of the quality of care in acute poisoning, principles of interaction of units of service. Since the beginning of the organization of specialized toxicological service in the country, without taking into account the regional regulations, there were published over thirty ones, impact and significance of which can be very positively evaluated by formed a unique and authoritative national school of clinical toxicology, with its wealth of organizational, methodological and diagnostic and treatment practices, valuable scientific and human resources.
EFFICIENCY AND SAFETY OF HUMAN MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TO TNF-Α IN CHILDREN WITH JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY INEFFECTIVENESS OF OTHER BIOLOGICALS
Authors: Alexeeva E. I. , Baranov A. A. , Mitenko E. V. , Bzarova T. M. , Valieva S. I. , Denisova R. V. , Isaeva K. B. , Chistyakova E. G. , Sleptsova T. V. , Taibulatov N. I. , Zelikovich E. I. , Kurilenkov G. V.
Published: August 2015

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficiency of adalimumab in children with severe refractory JIA with primary  inefficiency,  partial effect or loss of the effectiveness of other biologicals. Patients and methods: The article presents the results of the retrospective observational study of the efficacy and safety of adalimumab in 68 patients aged 10 (3, 17) years with various embodiments of JIA , with the primary inefficiency or partial or loss of the effectiveness of other biologicals. JIA diagnosis established on the basis of criteria ILAR (International League of Associations for Rheumatology). Results: Efficacy was assessed during 1 year in 68 and  2 years -  in 56 patients . At the 24th week we observed the  improvement by criteria AKR in 100 , 91 and 74 % of patients , respectively, and at the 52 th week - in 100 , 96 and 90 % , respectively. Inactive disease status was recorded in 55.8, 66,1 and 98.2 % of study participants after  6 months, 1 and 2 years, respectively. Remission was achieved in 55.8 and 96.4 % of patients after 1 and 2 years of observation, respectively. Conclusions: Adalimumab was effective and well tolerated by patients with primary inefficiency, partial and  loss of efficiency of other biologicals. In clinical practice, patients with non-systemic JIA transition to the second TNF-α blocker can restore the biological effect of the first drug without increasing the frequency of infectious AEs.
CURRENT CONCEPTS OF PERINATAL ISCHEMIC INJURY IN THE BRAIN NEUROVASCULAR UNIT: MOLECULAR TARGETS FOR NEUROPROTECTION
Authors: Morgun A. V. , Kuvacheva N. V. , Taranushenko T. E. , Khilazhieva E. D. , Malinovskaya N. A. , Gorina Ya. V. , Pozhilenkova E. A. , Frolova O. V. , Salmina A. B.
Published: August 2015

Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a relevant medical and social problem. Among many pathological processes in the neonatal period perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury is a major cause of further hemorrhage, necrotic and atrophic changes in the brain.  This review presents recent data on the basic mechanisms of the hypoxic-ischemic brain injury along the concept of neurovascular unit (neurons, astrocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes) with the focus on alterations in cell-to-cell communication. Pathological changes caused by ischemia-hypoxia are considered within two phases of injury (ischemic phase and reperfusion phase). The review highlights changes in each individual component of the neurovascular unit and their interactions. Molecular targets for pharmacological improvement of intercellular communication within neurovascular unit as a therapeutic strategy in perinatal brain injury are discussed.
ONCOGYNECOLOGICAL ASPECTS ОF ADNEXAL MASSES
Authors: Gasparov A. S. , Zhordania K. I. , Payanidi Yu. G. , Dubinskaya E. D.
Published: August 2015

Adnexal masses are frequently found in both symptomatic and asymptomatic women. The frequency of them is 7,8% in reproductive aged women and 2,5–18% in postmenopausal patients. Aim: to investigate clinical significance of the Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI) and to compare it with histological findings in patients with adnexal masses. Patients and methods: 345 patients with adnexal masses were evaluated. Depending on the menopausal status, serum CA-125 level and ultrasonographic findings RMI scores were calculated for each of patients. Results: according to RMI all the patients were divided in to two groups: first group — 283 (62%) of patients with RMI less then 200 and the second group — 52 (38%) women with RMI more then 200. The patients of the second group were referred to the oncologist. Among the patients with RMI 200, 137 (48,4%) endometriomas, 73 (25,8%) serous cystadenoma, 45 (15,9%) dermoid cysts, 22 (7,8%) paraovarian cysts, 2 (0,7%) adenocarcinoma were detected after histological examination. In patients with RMI 200, 25% of benign ovarian tumors, 34,6% of borderline and 40,4% of malignant tumors were verified. Conclusions: RMI when used in the presence of a pelvic mass is a useful triage tool to determine those women who should be referred to a gynaecological oncologist. During laparoscopy, in cases of intraoperative malignancy suspicion staging should be performed: videorecord of the surgery, biopsy of the adnexal mass and contralateral ovary, biopsy of the omentum and peritoneum, and aspiration of the peritoneal fluid for cytological examination.
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF TUMOR GENOMES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF TEST SYSTEMS FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS, PROGNOSIS AND CANCER THERAPY OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Zaletaev D. V. , Strel'nikov V. V. , Nemtsova M. V. , Babenko O. V. , Kuznetsova E. B. , Zemlyakova V. V. , Kekeeva T. V. , Mikhailenko D. S. , Tanas A. S. , Rudenko V. V. , Babayan A. Yu. , Alekseeva E. A. , Simonova O. A.
Published: August 2015

The article discusses results of the structural and functional analysis of molecular genetic abnormalities in various malignant tumors. Investigations have discovered more than 20 new markers for sporadic breast cancer. Several of them formed the test system, allowing the diagnosis with a specificity of 100%. Appearance of TMPRSS2/ERG4 chimeric gene is a frequent tumor-specific event, its expression is correlated with more aggressive forms of prostate cancer, may serve as a molecular marker for tumor cells and androgen assessment of tumor response to hormonal therapy. The effective systems for the early diagnosis of cervix and endometrium cancer were developed as well. Mutations in the VHL, deletions of chromosome 3 and methylation of several genes can predict the course and selection of effective therapy of clear cell kidney cancer. a number of molecular markers were identified for early diagnosis and prognosis of recurrence of bladder cancer. For diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of brain tumors we developed an effective complex system of markers. Protocol of molecular genetics investigation reveals the cause of the disease by more than 90% of patients with retinoblastoma. In order to study abnormal methylation in tumor genomes an innovative technology AFLOAT has been developed that allows to efficiently identify new markers with diagnostic value. Test systems of molecular genetic and epigenetic markers for early diagnosis and prognosis as well as for cancer therapy optimization have shown to be effective, have been approved for use in clinical practice and are being introduced into practical healthcare.
AGE AND SEXUAL CHANGES STRUCTURE OF GENES CYTOKINES NETWORKS IN RUSSIAN POPULATION
Authors: Konenkov V. I. , Prokof'ev V. F. , Shevchenko A. V. , Chernyavskii A. M. , Karas'kov A. M.
Published: August 2015

Objective: to study frequencies of occurrence of the combined genetic attributes including different variants of cytokines genotypes (TNFA, IL1B, IL4, IL6, IL10, VEGF), in different on sexual  and age groups in population of Siberia Caucasoid. Material and methods. Frequencies of distribution of variants of structure genes cytokines networks  among 500 representatives of Siberia  Caucasian population, men and women  of  two age groups - more younger than 35 years ("young") and 55 and more years ("elderly") are  investigated. In structure of  investigated genes cytokines net  has come 10 variants of polymorphic sites of cytokines genes and  vascular endothelial growth factor gene: TNFА-863 C→A, TNFА-308 G→A, TNFА-238 G→A, IL1B-31 С→T, IL4-590 С→T, IL6-174 G→C, IL10-1082 G → A, IL10-592 А→С, VEGF-2578 C→A and VEGF+936 С→T. Genotyping are carried out by  restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Processing of results carried out on the basis of the original methodological approach including the complex connected computer analysis of genic circuits of various dimension. Results and conclusions. It is shown, that the significant part of variants genes cytokines networks, which   widely distributed among young people is completely absent in the "elderly" age group. Such variants disappearing with age separately for men and women are established. At the program mathematical analysis it is established, that parameters of the odds ratio  achieve two-place sizes (OR =27, p =0,0004), that testifies to high specificity of complex genetic attributes. Presence in genome such variants of genes cytokines networks  , found out in the childhood or young age, as supposed, is unfavorable personalized prognostic factors of life span of the individual.
Óyeme con los ojos. Diálogos sinestésicos entre tinta y voz
Authors: Camastra Caterina
Published: August 2015

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The Immigrant as/in Crisis: the Citation and Appropriation of Lavapiés in Narratives of Progress in Contemporary Madrid
Authors: Eisenberg Jodi A.
Published: August 2015

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Las ciudades indígenas a través del discurso etnográfico colonial. Utopía, asimilación cultural y violencia
Authors: Solodkow David
Published: August 2015

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El teatro como instrumento de reafirmación americana en la beatificación de Rosa de Lima (México, 1671): recepción y práctica del modelo cortesano
Authors: Hernández Reyes Dalia
Published: August 2015

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Practical Approach to International Business Studies in English at Polish Universities
Authors: Zoladkiewicz Krystyna , Orlowska Renata
Published: August 2015

The subject of this paper is the presentation of BA and MA International Business (IB) studies in English as a new practice on the Polish educational market. The main objective of this paper is to examine the IB studies programmes in English at the University of Gdansk - (UG) and to present the practical approach of their functioning combined with some recommendations. The results show that the UG has established competitive and attractive programmes, although at lower cost levels compared to universities in other countries where the IB studies have longer tradition and good reputation. It is considered that IB studies cement the international position of UG. This article presents both quantitative and qualitative data.
Analysis of the relationship among innovation performance, economic development and social welfare
Authors: Molnár László
Published: August 2015

In our modern world everything is related: without innovation performance there is no economic development, without economic development no improvement can be found in social welfare and vice versa. In this study I explore the relationship among these three key factors with the help of statistical methods. Before that I give a brief summary on the indices that makes the measurement of the above-mentioned fields possible. After that I carry out statistical description of these relationships by pairs with the method of correlation analysis. Results obtained on the basis of data of the European Union member states prove that relationships among innovation performance, economic development and social welfare of countries are very strong and statistically significant. Furthermore, analysis described in the paper also proves that increasing innovation performance has a positive effect on different dimensions of social welfare.
Produção de fermentado alcoólico de laranja
Authors: Oliveira Janine Patricia Melo , Neto José Crisóstomo da Silva , Silva Adriano Sant’Ana , Silva Saulo Soares da , Santos Adriana da Silva
Published: August 2015

Este trabalho tem como objetivo produzir um fermentado alcoólico proveniente do suco de laranja (Citrus sinensis), segundo processo adaptado das metodologias já existentes para obtenção de outros fermentados de fruta. O processo produtivo do fermentado de laranja e as analises referentes ao mesmo foram conduzidos no Laboratório de Operações Unitárias e Fenômeno de Transporte do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar da Universidade de Campina Grande – Campus Pombal - Pb. Com relação às etapas da adição dos insumos na confecção do fermentado, as mesmas não foram feitas na ordem descrita pela maioria das literaturas que se trabalham com fermentados alcoólicos, onde a ordem seguida foi: Extração do mosto, Preparação do Mosto: Sulfitação, Inoculação do Microrganismo e Nutrientes, Determinação do °Brix, Chaptalização, Fermentação Alcoólica, Decantação e Trasfegas, Clarificação, Filtração e o Envase. Constata-se pelo presente trabalho que o fermentado de laranja, mostrou-se aceitável tanto em relação aos parametros físico-químicos analisados para o mesmo, quanto para as carcteristicas sensoriais, tal como o sabor, aroma e aparência. Reforça-se, portanto, a idéia de agregação de valor a uma matéria-prima consideravelmente nutricional, por meio da confecção de um produto inovador.

Production of alcoholic fermented orange

Abstract: This work aims to produce an alcoholic fermented from orange juice (Citrus sinensis), second process adapted from existing methodologies for obtaining other fermented fruit. The production process of fermented orange and the same related analyzes were conducted at the Unit Operations Laboratory and Phenomenon Transport Science Center and Agrifood Technology, University of Campina Grande - Campus Pombal. - Pb Regarding the steps to add inputs in the manufacture of fermented, they were not made in the order described by most of the literature that working with alcoholic fermentation, where the order was then: the must extraction, preparation of Mosto: Sulphitation, inoculation of the micro-organism and nutrients, determination of ° Brix , Chaptalisation, alcoholic fermentation, decantation, and Racking, clarification, filtration and Filling. It appears in this work that fermented orange, proved acceptable both for physical and chemical parameters analyzed for the same, as for the sensory carcteristicas, such as flavor, aroma and appearance. , Up reinforces therefore the value-added idea of a raw material considerably nutrition through the production of an innovative product.
Sumário
Authors: Santos Alvaro
Published: August 2015

V3.N3.2015
A FISIOTERAPIA NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA Á SAÚDE
Authors: Patrizzi Lislei Jorge
Published: August 2015

V3.N3.2015
ADESÃO AO TRATAMENTO EM PESSOAS COM HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL
Authors: Torres Geanne Maria Costa , Santiago Emiliane Silva
Published: August 2015

Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever a adesão ao tratamento de pessoas com hipertensãoarterial, numa Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família, no município de Salitre - CE, no período demaio a agosto de 2014. O estudo foi desenvolvido por meio de relatos com os agentescomunitários de saúde, visitas domiciliares e vivências durante as consultas de enfermagem, nasquais se observou a negligência nos cuidados necessários ao controle da doença. A não adesão aotratamento ainda continua sendo um grande desafio a ser vencido, necessitando, portanto,utilizar-se do processo de educação em saúde para o sucesso das ações terapêuticas direcionadasaos portadores de hipertensão arterial. Aponta-se, para novos caminhos, em que as dimensões namelhoria da assistência prestada se direcionem para mudanças de atitudes, comportamentosfavoráveis ao autocuidado e promovam vida e saúde.
METODOLOGIAS E VIVÊNCIAS DO DOCENTE NA PERSPECTIVA DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR INCLUSIVA
Authors: Oliveira Sabrina Ferreira de , Araújo Natália Martinez de
Published: August 2015

O objetivo desse estudo foi conhecer a experiência dos docentes de uma instituição pública acerca da educação superior inclusiva. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantiqualitativa, realizadacom 24 docentes em 2013. Verificou-se que a minoria dos professores teve algum tipo decapacitação para lidar com alunos que possuem necessidades educacionais especiais, mas amaior parte já teve a experiência de lidar com esse discente em sala de aula e apresentametodologias de ensino adequadas à diversidade. Essa experiência prévia mostrou-sefundamental para gerar disponibilidade no docente em pensar as estratégias de ensino eaprendizagem adequadas para qualquer aluno. O estudo aponta a necessidade de incluir nasgrades curriculares das graduações e pós-graduações a discussão acerca das estratégiasmetodológicas para o ensino inclusivo.
Food Insecurity and Cost-Related Medication Underuse Among Nonelderly Adults in a Nationally Representative Sample
Authors: Herman Dena , Afulani Patience , Coleman-Jensen Alisha , Harrison Gail G.
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We investigated whether nonelderly US adults (aged 18–64 years) in food-insecure households are more likely to report cost-related medication underuse than the food-secure, and whether the relationship between food insecurity and cost-related medication underuse differs by gender, chronic disease, and health insurance status.

Methods. We analyzed data from the 2011 and 2012 National Health Interview Survey (n = 67 539). We examined the relationship between food insecurity and cost-related medication underuse with the χ2test and multivariate logistic regression with interaction terms.

Results. Bivariate and multivariate analyses showed a dose–response relationship between food insecurity and cost-related medication underuse, with an increasing likelihood of cost-related medication underuse with increasing severity of food insecurity (P < .001). This association was conditional on health insurance status, but not substantially different by gender or chronic disease status. Being female, low-income, having no or partial health insurance, chronic conditions, functional limitations, or severe mental illness were positively associated with cost-related medication underuse.

Conclusions. Using food insecurity as a risk factor to assess cost-related medication underuse could help increase identification of individuals who may need assistance purchasing medications and improve health for those in food-insecure households.
Addressing Structural and Environmental Factors for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Sommer Marni , Mmari Kristin
Published: August 2015

A deeper understanding of how structure and environment shape the sexual and reproductive health vulnerabilities of youths across a range of outcomes has implications for the development of successful policies and programs. We have discussed some of the key structural and environmental factors that influence the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and the importance of engaging adolescents in identifying solutions. We have highlighted 2 case studies that describe structural or environmental approaches to improving adolescent sexual and reproductive health and made recommendations to more systematically incorporate attention to structure and environment to improve global adolescent health.
Self-Reported Health Among Recently Incarcerated Mothers
Authors: Turney Kristin , Wildeman Christopher
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We examined self-reported health among formerly incarcerated mothers.

Methods. We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 4096), a longitudinal survey of mostly unmarried parents in urban areas, to estimate the association between recent incarceration (measured as any incarceration in the past 4 years) and 5 self-reported health conditions (depression, illicit drug use, heavy drinking, fair or poor health, and health limitations), net of covariates including health before incarceration.

Results. In adjusted logistic regression models, recently incarcerated mothers, compared with their counterparts, have an increased likelihood of depression (odds ratio [OR] = 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18, 2.17), heavy drinking (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.19, 2.68), fair or poor health (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.08, 2.06), and health limitations (OR = 1.78; 95% CI = 1.27, 2.50). This association is similar across racial/ethnic subgroups and is larger among mothers who share children with fathers who have not been recently incarcerated.

Conclusions. Recently incarcerated mothers struggle with even more health conditions than expected given the disadvantages they experience before incarceration. Furthermore, because incarceration is concentrated among those who are most disadvantaged, incarceration may increase inequalities in population health.