bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of national culture on consumers behavior and employees in tourist sector
Authors: Nedeljkovic Sladjana , Kokovic Dragan , Nedeljkovic Milena
Published: October 2011

In this paper we investigate the influence of national cultures on tourist demand and supply and on the perception of tourists about the quality of tourism product. Organizational aspects of the influence of national cultures in tourism organizations are analyzed. Results of our investigation about the cultural dimensions individuality and masculinity (based on the Hofstede theory) in tourism and hospitality sector in Serbia are given. .
Role of primary health protection in the realization of the pronatalist population policy in Vojvodina
Authors: Grujic Ilija , Milasinovic Ljubomir , Grujic Zorica
Published: October 2011

The study was assumed to answer the question how to improve the women's health care at the primary level during prenatal, perinatal and postnatal period with the resulting giving birth to a healthy child and preservation of general and genital health of the woman and the consequent ability of nursing her child and giving birth to one more or more than one child. The investigation encompassed 300 patients (100 patients from each center: health centers at Temerin, Mali Idjos and Zitiste) of the generative age. The patients answered the anonymous questionnaire containing 24 questions by underlying one of the offered answers or by addition of a text where necessary-concerning the primary health care and its influence on reproduction of the population of Vojvodina. One half of investigated patients did not use contraceptive devices. 32,66% of the patients visited the health centers for the control of their pregnancies, 26,33% for the treatment of diseases, 11,33% for contraception advising, 2,66% for the treatment of infertility and 27,33% for other reasons. More than half of the polled patients thought that there was a need of improvement of the work in the women's health centers. The suggestions of 74,66% of the patients comprised organized lectures on different type of health care and family planning associated with the purchase of modern equipment for diagnostics (13,33%). The primary health care has a significant place in the process of reproduction of the population and these results point to the necessity of its more active role in the improvement of the women's health as well as in the implementation of the measures of the population policy. .
Factors influencing the number of divorced marriages, according to municipality in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in 2008
Authors: Jovanovic Sonja , Lukic Jelena
Published: October 2011

The number of divorced marriages, as a phenomenon, is becoming more and more interesting, specially now, at the time of crisis. The question is what leads to this phenomenon. There is a series of factors which could be the cause of divorce; some of them are measurable, some of them are not, some are of economic nature, some are emotional, some sociodemographic, some related to customs etc. This paper tried to present some of these factors and to establish the relation between them and the number of divorced marriages. The analysis included the number of divorced marriages in the municipalities of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in 2008. .
Experiences of Finland related to the pro-natal policy
Authors: Paunovic Dragana
Published: October 2011

In the last 30 years Finland has been more than successful in conserving and promoting the reproductive health. In comparison to the early 70s Finland has managed, with well organized social action which includes easy access to the contraceptive means, developed network of family planning services and obligatory sexual education in schools, to decrease the number of abortions. Other indicators of reproductive health in Finland also show that it is the one of the best in the world. The role of the state in decreasing the costs of parenthood is also very important. That include maternal leave, which both parents are entitled to, maternal money support up to 80 euros per day, and maternal package, which includes clothes and other necessary things for the first year of the newborn. Finland has a long tradition and experience in institutional backgrounds for defining and implementing the pro-natal policy. The governmental institution V?est?liitto has been promoting the planning of the family very successfully for the last 50 years. The main focuses of this organization are: public health, improving the living conditions, welfare of children and improving the financial situation of the families. Therefore, it seems that Finland is a good example for all countries that want to improve their population policy in the area of reproductive health and family planning. .
Effects of pronatalist population measures in the Republic of Srpska in the municipalities with negative natural growth
Authors: Cuk Mira
Published: October 2011

Over the last years in the Republic of Srpska, a trend of negative population growth has been detected. Positive population growth has been identified only in four municipalities (two large and two small). The main reasons of the negative growth rate are population ageing and depopulation. The Government of the Republic of Srpska has been monitoring and analysing the situation and changes concerning demographic developments and it has also responded to that by undertaking various measures such as: institutionalised measures (establishing the Ministry of Family Affairs and Demographic Policy Council), incentive measures in the field of social policy, population education and measures for stimulating local communities to implement population policy measures. Local self-government units with distinct long-term problem of depopulation adopt their special measures. Effects of the abovementioned measures are shown by means of results of the research conducted in municipalities of East Herzegovina which is demographically deserted and have negative growth rate. The research covered families with the third and fourth child which enjoy the benefits of some population measures, as well as families which have got their first or second child for whom these measures should represent additional motivation to give birth to the third child. The research results prove that existing measures do not achieve expected goals and that the Republic of Srpska needs long-term and comprehensive measures in the field of economic, social, housing, education, cultural, national and migration policy. .
Changes in parental thinking regarding the number of children in the transition period (1998-2009)
Authors: Polovina Nada
Published: October 2011

Theoretical background in our work is systemic approach (connection between processes of change in macro systemic/state and micro systemic/individual sphere of functioning), in particular the model developed by Stewart & Healy (1989), emphasizing the importance of linking the stage of individual development and social history. Based on these theoretical frames we conducted two isomorphous studies, implemented on two occasions (in 1998 and 2009) which marked two different transition stages in Serbia. Studies focused on the ways the parents (who already had at least one child under age 7) thought about family enlargement. The parents (N = 80 in the first study, N = 24 in the second one) belonged to the same generation (exposed to same socio-historical events), but became parents at different stages of the transition. Both studies used the same questionnaire (created for the first study) which included information such as: subjects' general data; family background (number of siblings, relationships between the siblings); personal/intimate aspects of actual parenthood; plans, wishes and obstacles to having more children. The results indicated that that the group of subjects who became parents at the end of the social crisis - postponed parenthood (avoiding the worst crisis) - had more children than the other one (1.71 compared to 1.65), and was more consistent in repeating the model of their own family of origin, and had a smaller gap between fertility wishes and planning of future parenting. .
Immigration in the suburban settlements, case study: The municipality of Temerin
Authors: Lukic Tamara , Dragin Aleksandra , Ivanovic Ljubica
Published: October 2011

At the turn of the 20th to 21st century, few municipalities in Vojvodina have recorded the population growth in all the settlements. Among them is a municipality Temerin, which is the subject of this paper. The geographical position of settlements of the municipality Temerin puts them in the suburbs of Novi Sad, the capital of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. Questionnaire and analysis of parameters of the natural movement of population has shown that the growth of the population was most influenced by migration. One of the preliminary hypotheses states that proximity of Novi Sad had a positive effect on population growth. The main task of this study was to determine how immigration affected the number of population. Special attention is devoted to the time of immigration and origin of immigrants. In addition, part of the paper refers to the daily migrants, respectively, to their number and to the area to which they migrate. Some of them pretend to leave Temerin immediately since they have ensured economic conditions for it. This is a group of the population which has working and reproductive ability. Their abandonment would adversely affect the population characteristics. That is why the monitoring of the population is very important. In addition, their motives are very important. Enabling the fulfillment of the migrant needs in the municipal territory would reduce their motivation for leave. The importance of this paper is in enriching the knowledge about the movement of the population in suburban settlements of Novi Sad. .
Sector activity of workers in the function of development of commuting in the area of Vojvodina
Authors: Lukic Vesna , Bjeljac Zeljko
Published: October 2011

In the 1960s commuting in Vojvodina developed less intensively in comparison with Central Serbia. The increase in the share of daily migrant workers in the area of Vojvodina ensued as the consequence of strong process of industrialization and massive transition of active population from agriculture to non-agricultural activities (especially industry). The latest 2002 population census data have shown that the share of commuters who work out of their residence is higher in Vojvodina in relation to Central Serbia, i.e. the centre of development of commuting has been transferred to the area of Vojvodina. The link between extent and directions of commuting in the area of Vojvodina and the economic activity carried out by daily migrant workers are presented and discussed in the paper. Data formed by a special processing of the 2002 population census were used for the needs of the analysis. Based on these data, the categorization of the municipalities of Vojvodina is carried out according to the share of the leading activities of daily migrant workers (the primary, the secondary, the tertiary and quaternary sector) in the total number of daily migrants, as well as to the index of diversity of convergent and divergent daily migrant workers according to activity they perform. The results obtained on the basis of the index of diversity enable the comparison of qualitative differences of convergent and divergent flows of active daily migrants according to economic activity they perform in a certain area. The research and familiarization with presented links and relations contribute to the formation of the base for defining corresponding developmental (population and economic) policies of areas which are connected by commuting. .
On suicide of the elderly and young in Vojvodina
Authors: Penev Goran , Stankovic Biljana
Published: October 2011

With approximately 20 suicides per 100.000 inhabitants, Serbia is placed in the upper half of all European countries based on the suicide rate. There are differences between Central Serbia and Vojvodina, which are more pronounced than the existing differences in overall mortality. Although these differences are becoming smaller, they are still present and related to the age structure and ethnic composition of the population, as well as religious affiliation and sociocultural factors present in these two regions. According to data for 2008, the suicide rate in Vojvodina was 23,4 per 100.000. The paper focuses on the analysis of data on mortality due to suicide of two vulnerable age groups, youth aged 15-24 and the elderly over 65 years of age, in the last four decades (1966-2008). In the youth group, differences by age and sex are observed, with a focus on prevention, while in the elderly group there was also a focus on differences in marital status, ethnicity and education. .
Influence of migrational components of the Srem district on demographic growth
Authors: Petkovic Dara
Published: October 2011

The areas of Srem, and other parts of Vojvodina, are characterized by the constant movement of the population. Most causes of migration are economic, social, ethnic or political reasons. Migration could be voluntarily or forced, mass or individual, occasional or planned. The stated causes of migration occurring in Srem since 1961 to 1991 were mainly routed to the cities for economic reasons. The cities have absorbed the largest number of migrants provided by the rural hinterland. More intensive population movement was towards larger regional centers, resulting in some differences between urban settlements. The intensity and direction of movement of the population is largely dependent on the economic developed area. At the end of the twentieth century there were mass migrations from the territory of the former Yugoslavia. These migrations have affected to the demographic growth of population of Srem district. .
Old age and poverty
Authors: Vukovic Drenka
Published: October 2011

The process of demographic changes in Serbia is followed by discussions on the need to provide safety at old age and solve the problems of poverty and social exclusion of older citizens. In the current state there are no mechanisms that guarantee an adequate life standard at old age, the consequence of which is a high poverty rate, deteriorating health and limited access to social programs. The results of the Survey on life standard from 2002 and 2007 show that poverty among population in general and pensioners has decreased, while the poverty risk among people older than 65 has increased twice. The restrictive methods of the reforms cause a change in the relation between the pensions and the earnings, so that more and more pensioners receive below average, i.e. minimal pensions. Not all old people are covered by pension insurance so that a significant number (around 400.000) does not have a safe monthly income at all. The state program of financial aid is of modest size and does not provide help to all of the poor. Welfare aid decreases the risk of poverty, but it do not guarantee an adequate level of material security at old age. The low level of minimal and average pensions, the decline of participation in the average earnings and the strict criteria of the social security system have brought to awareness the necessity of 'social pensions' and various help and support programs for the elderly. .
Retirees and employees ratio in the context of demographic ageing in Serbia
Authors: Stojilkovic Jelena , Devedzic Mirjana
Published: October 2011

Retirees, as a group of economically inactive population, are especially important for future population trends, since their number is constantly growing. Our pension and disability insurance fund has a problem managing unfavorable socioeconomic trends and demographic reality, considering that the number of employees is steadily declining. Employee to retiree ratio has been affected by serious changes during the last half a century, and it declined from 5:1 in 1960s to 1,4:1 nowadays. This is a result of population ageing (life expectancy rising and dropping of total fertility rate) and unrestrictive law that allowed pensions to those who didn't deserve it (the share of disability retirees is significantly higher than that in other countries). An additional issue is the fact that baby boom generations are a few years away from the legal age acquired for the age pension. The data used in this paper are provided by the pension and disability fund. .
On ageing and old age in Serbia
Authors: Rasevic Mirjana
Published: October 2011

The Serbian population (exclusive of Kosovo and Metohia region) is among the oldest populations in the world. More than 950,000 individuals in the Central Serbia and about 300,000 individuals in Vojvodina, or one sixth of both populations are 65 plus. The findings of representative surveys carried out recently pointed out that poverty and poor institutional and instrumental support are the main issues of the elderly population in Serbia. The poverty rate among the elderly is high (9.6 percent) and significantly higher than average (6.6). In the meantime, the coverage of poor elderly in Serbia with material provisioning of the family (MPF), the most important measure of the state's social policy, is low due to lack of information of potential beneficiaries, difficulties in collecting all necessary documents as well as strict criteria in connection to means and income tests necessary for exercising the right on this social benefit. Not only that the MPF coverage of poor elderly is inadequate, the amount of this social benefit is also very low. Parallel interviews with 826 elderly persons of 70 and over demonstrate that, although four out of five elderly are chronic patients, the majority of respondents evaluates that they are capable of living in their own households. However, a substantial number of the elderly, every fourth, needs some kind of assistance services with a view to daily functioning at home or in local community. Respondents mainly rely on family in resolving daily problems. A family provides greatest help and support regardless of the fact that such elderly person lives alone or not. Significant factors of support to elderly are friends and neighbors of such persons. Institutions have only a marginal role in the elderly support network. .
Social protection of the old: European tendencies
Authors: Drca Janko
Published: October 2011

Europe, in which the process of demographic aging is the most expressive one (from 25 countries with the oldest population in the world, 24 are from Europe), recognized and defined the numerous documents of its policy and attitude towards the problems of aging population, position and rights of older persons, and therefore the social protection of these persons. It is particularly noted that in the year 2030 the number of 80 - year-old people will be doubled, and that, among other things, inevitably carries an increased demand for care (general and medical) and further development of various forms of social and health care of these people. Therefore, the EU countries are planning significant increases in participation costs for social protection in the country's GDP and development of all existing and establishing new forms of social protection of older persons. Their goal is clear: to enable the elderly to remain active members of society, to live a dignified life and to play an active role in public, social and cultural life, to freely choose their style of life and to live independent lives in their family environment, to guarantee life for elderly people in the institutions of social protection were they would have adequate support and respect and possibility to participate in decisions concerning living conditions in the institution. That is why it insists on raising public awareness and improving the scientific understanding of the need to respect the high level of civil and social rights and freedoms of older persons, especially the development of various non-institutional forms of social care, inclusive social development and inclusion of elderly, providing a high quality of life at old age, developing inter-generational solidarity, development of prevention measures and actions to mitigate adverse environmental impacts, the multidisciplinary approach, financial sustainability, and decentralization of the system. .
Care of the elderly persons in the system of social protection in the Republic of Srpska
Authors: Lepir Ljubo
Published: October 2011

The number of the elderly in the overall population is increasing, which poses a need to seek an adequate model of organizing social care of the elderly. Most of them get social safety through the social welfare system. A functional and sustainable social welfare system requires application of efficient management and technique models based on the theoretical premises of contemporary management. The role and the importance of old people's protection in a social welfare system is becoming a topic of great importance both for theoreticians and the practitioners in the social sector area. This research analyzes the management functions and the roles of managers in running social protection of the elderly in the example of the social welfare system in the Republic of Srpska. A decentralized system, such as the one existing in the Republic of Srpska, brings along a number of organizational problems which points out to a need to apply the theoretical bases of managerial processes. The results obtained via empirical analyses indicate a number of deficiencies and obstacles in the implementation of social protection of the elderly in the social welfare system of the Republic of Srpska which are result of the insufficient and inconsistent application of the basic managerial elements. The obstacles emerging from this analysis indicate that there are chances and opportunities to improve the system and enhance the development of new forms of protection by applying managerial theories. .
Ethnically mixed marriages in the area of the former Yugoslavia: 1970-2005
Authors: Mrdjen Snjezana
Published: October 2011

Analysis of ethnically mixed marriages in the Former Yugoslavia, for the period 1970-2005, shows that after 1990 in all former Yugoslav republics and provinces (except Montenegro) degradation of inter-ethnical relationships induced a fall of inter-ethnical relations, especially at the beginning of 1990. Vojvodina is still singled out (even if there is a decreasing trend after 1990) as a territory with the highest share of exogam marriages (around 25%), while Kosovo and Metohia represent a territory with the lowest shares during the entire period of observation. The most exceptional changes after 1990 occurred in Croatia where the share of ethnically mixed marriages decreased from 19% to around 7% which was mostly a reflection of changes in behaviour of the majority group towards ethnically mixed marriages. The group that was most 'open' on the territory of the Former Yugoslavia were the Serbs in Vojvodina until 2001 and after that the Montenegrins, with the highest percentage of interethnic marriages (more than 15%) while all other majority groups are characterized by certain reticence in marrying other nationalities. Concerning the differences between men and women towards ethnically mixed marriages, it shows that women are, in general, more endogam than men, meaning that they seldom marry outside their group. This is especially characteristic for the Montenegrin's women in Montenegro. When observing the degree of interethnic relations between minority groups and the majority group, it follows that there have not been any changes. In general, degree of integration is higher, meaning that the inter-ethnic relations are more frequent between nationalities that are closer in cultural, religious and linguistic way. Unlike that, during all the period of observation, there is a highly marked segregation between nationalities that belong to different cultural and religious circles, which is especially emphasised in Macedonia. .
Demographic characteristics of the settlements in Vojvodina in the zone gravitating to Belgrade
Authors: Bubalo-Zivkovic Milka , Kovacevic Tamara , Djercan Bojan
Published: October 2011

In the municipality of Stara Pazova, the greatest influence of Belgrade in the settlements Nova Pazova, Novi Banovci, Stari Banovci and Stara Pazova. Impact of capital to the municipality of Indjija is weak due to the proximity of Novi Sad. Pancevo is the gravitational center for itself, developed for industry. If the air pollution was lower, Pancevo municipality would certainly be interesting for immigration. Municipalities Opovo and Pecinci despite the proximity of Belgrade have a bad demographic picture. .
Change in the number of inhabitants of Sajkaska in the period from 1869 to 2002
Authors: Ivanovic Ljubica , Djurdjev Branislav
Published: October 2011

Demographic processes and tendencies of the population movement represent basic social determinants which are presented by various demographic indicators. The change in the number of inhabitants in Sajkaska is the result of multi-decade variation in the birth rate, population aging process and mortality movement, which all are conditioned by a series of historical, socio-economical, cultural, educational as well local and family factors. The total number of individuals rose for 34.029 in the period between 1869 and 2002. .
Changes in the number of the population of Banat at the end of the 20th century with a review on the border municipality
Authors: Ivkov-Dzigurski Andjelija , Bubalo-Zivkovic Milka , Pasic Milana
Published: October 2011

The changes in the population number of Banat were frequent, because the periods of demographic and economic prosperity were followed by the periods of recession and depopulation. Major demographic changes were caused by moving of people, wars, epidemics and extinction, elemental and organized migrations, changes of countries and their borders, different economical changes, industrializations, urbanizations etc. Some of these demographic factors have a positive effect, and some of them have a negative effect on the present state of Banat population. Border region of Banat consists of 9 municipalities. The main aim in the article is a detailed analysis of border municipalities in Banat: Novi Knezevac, Coka, Kikinda, Nova Crnja, Zitiste, Secanj, Plandiste, Vrsac and Bela Crkva in order to define the present condition. The changes in the population number of border regions in Banat, obtained in the last four censuses, have shown that all municipalities record a decreasing trend. The paper made a detailed demographic analysis, which comprises changes in the population number, population structure, households, population growth and migrations. .
Controversies of demographic development in the Pcinja county
Authors: Devedzic Mirjana
Published: October 2011

Pcinja county is an administrative region bordering Bulgaria, Macedonia and Kosovo, and is featured by a number of demographic peculiarities and extremes. In Central Serbia, this county is certainly the region with the most heterogeneous ethnic distribution; this fact determines differences in fertility transition and the speed of demographic ageing. Almost 90% ethnic Albanians from Serbia inhabit the Pcinja county, and so do 40% of ethnic Bulgarians. In addition, this county is featured by strong intra- and inter-regional demographic differentiations, both spatial and structural. Reduction of polarization of demographic development in Serbia at macro and intermediate levels (excluding the Kosovo territory), as well as minor differences between urban and rural environments, have made the county rather specific. Thus this relatively small province includes the one with the highest fertility rate and with the youngest population in the entire Republic of Serbia, five levels of demographic age in only seven administrative entities, the municipalities with the highest and the lowest international migration, a concentration of municipalities with the highest masculinity, municipalities with extremely high illiteracy rates, municipalities without atheists, and so on. Common features of this demographically heterogeneous province are underdevelopment and poverty. They do not manifest in the same way all over the territory; they are rather modified by various cultural factors. .
The differences in mortality in central Serbia and Vojvodina
Authors: Marinkovic Ivan
Published: October 2011

For almost 60 years has been recorded a higher crude death rate in Vojvodina in relation to central Serbia. Sounds paradoxical that the mortality of infants and young children in Vojvodina is lower, the average age of the population is lower, and that the crude death rate is higher than in central Serbia. Life expectancy was lower during the entire period in Vojvodina, especially in men. This paper will analyze mortality by age and sex in the period 1950-2008. The main subject of this research is the difference in specific rates of mortality of these two areas. Also, we explore the difference in mortality rates and the major causes of death. International review, which will separately consider mortality pattern in both regions, will place them on the map of Europe and the world. The main objective of this paper is to point out that in addition to health infrastructure and economic development, diet and lifestyle of the individual have a significant influence on mortality pattern. .
Regional characteristics of transition to adulthood in Europe from socio-demographic perspective
Authors: Ignjatovic Suzana
Published: October 2011

The paper provides a comparative overview of models of transition to adulthood in European countries. Transition to adulthood is defined as a process of multifold status change in key domains of life. Indicators of transition include education, professional, family and residential markers. Individual transition to adulthood is influenced by external determinants such as welfare system, family relations, housing conditions, and value orientations (notably in family transition). Current research in this field provides evidence for provisionary mapping of transitional paths. A very common classification differentiates between Nordic, West European and South European types of transition to adulthood. There is also an alternative categorization, based on geographic, social and political dimensions. The model comprises member states of the EU, ex-communist countries, and Balkan countries. In the final segment of the paper, transition to adulthood in Serbia is discussed in more detail. We compare indicators of transition to adulthood, and focus on both diverging and converging trends in transition to adulthood in Serbia and the EU. .
Characteristics and problems of demographic development of Timocka Krajina in the second half of the 20th century
Authors: Radovanovic Olica , Tosic Snezana
Published: October 2011

General demographic characteristic of Timocka Krajina (the Timok District) in the 20th century is the process of depopulation, reduction of the natural growth of the population, low fertility rate, that is change in the reproduction and structure of the population with the pronounced migration processes. Fast development of economy and industrialization led to the increase in employment which surpasses the growth of labour and caused migration of the population from agricultural to nonagricultural activity. However, migration of the rural population to towns was decreasing last years because of depopulation processes in the rural environments, so migrations were directed to economically more developed countries and great urban centres of Serbia. .
Impact of deliberate termination of pregnancy on the natural population dynamics
Authors: Stojsin Snezana
Published: October 2011

Deliberate interruption of pregnancy is a very important social problem. The artificial abortion is a dominant procedure in the methods of birth control. The terminations of unwanted pregnancies are in direct correlation with the birth-rate and thus influence the rate of natural increase. The aim of this paper is to show influence of artificial abortion on natural population dynamics. This paper analyzes two sources of data: statistical and empirical research. .
Investigation on the success of systematic gynaecological checkups among the female Hungarian organized within the national program
Authors: Pakai Anamarija , Der Aniko , Krisbaher Ildiko , Nemet Katalin , Mesaros Lajos , Mak Erzebet , Balaz Peter
Published: October 2011

Based on the county regional incidences in 2004, it can be stated that the occurrence of cervix cancer in Zala county is especially high. The aim of the research is to reveal the reasons for non-appearance on cervix screenings in Zalaegerszeg and its surrounding areas, using data collected by a stratified sampling method from 1000 women. 48,9% of the questioned women appear on a screening annually. During the main component analysis, the 28 variables of the motivational scale grouped around three theoretical sub-conceptions. It is a well-known fact that a population screening can only be effective if the members of the population have a demand for the screening. The conception and the infrastructure, which were worked out by the health administration, have been available since 2003. The fundamental problem of the system is related to the population's low participation rate, which is influenced by fear, the possible damage of the private sphere and the uncomfortable feeling related to the screening. Although, it cannot be forgotten that a great number of the women feel responsible for their own state of health therefore they do attend the screenings. .
Family law aspect of biomedically assisted conception in Serbian and European law
Authors: Kovacek-Stanic Gordana
Published: October 2011

Free access to biomedically assisted conception for the couples of less than 40 years of age has been introduced in Serbia recently, while in 2009 the Act on curing infertility by biomedically assisted conception was adopted. In this paper the following issues are discussed: notion of biomedically assisted conception, participants in the process, donors, motherhood and fatherhood, status of spare embryos. The author concludes that even though Serbia is one of the last European countries to adopt the Act on biomedically assisted conception and there was an opportunity to use the experiences of other countries in this field and to adopt an act which would be theoretically meaningful and clear, unfortunately this opportunity was not taken. The author expresses hope that the Act would be changed in a near future, in order to clear the lack of clarity and contradictions and harmonize legal solutions with theoretical legal principles in this field. In this paper the author uses comparative method comparing Serbian legislation and legislation of different European countries. .
Different forms of work in nurseries and kindergartens as a condition for the satisfaction of diverse needs of preschool children and their parents
Authors: Kamenov Emil
Published: October 2011

A larger investigation of the role and aims of preschool institutions in pro-natality demonstrate that the satisfaction of the diverse needs of parents for different forms of work are relatively modest. Of course, this influences the motivation of young couples to have children. Because one of conditions for successful pro-natality policy is satisfaction of diverse needs of preschool children and their parents, some of the ways for doing this discussed and proposed. .
Preschool institutions in Vojvodina through the elements relevant for the population policy
Authors: Gavrilovic Ana
Published: October 2011

Unlike other institutions, preschool institutions are the only ones that support and encourage complete psycho-physical and social development of small children. Preschool institutions provide safety and upbringing, as well as take care, educate, socialize, and compensate different upbringing. In addition to the above-mentioned, they also provide necessary food and relaxation space in adequately equipped and set premises for children's upbringing. Preschool institutions have direct contacts with parents with small children, and with children. Therefore, by completing their tasks and carrying out proposed activities they can influence creation of a better ambient for the increase of birth rate. The aim of this article is to analyze the elements of such complex activities in order to review the role of those institutions within the population policy of Vojvodina. It is about the capacities (purposely built and adopted premises) inside and outside of the administrative municipalities, human resources, work activities, work hours, range of children, waiting lists, the ways of identification of needs for the work activities and services provided, as well as the inclusion of those institutions in the population policy of respective municipalities. The article represents a contribution to emphasize the necessity to activate available potentials of the population policy and to search for new solutions. .
Possibilities of Novi Sad private kindergartens in supporting family in fulfilling its pro-natal function
Authors: Prentovic Risto
Published: October 2011

Kindergartens have educational, preventive medical and social purpose. Their effective operations give substantial support to parents and families in their important role, i.e. care, raising and upbringing of children. Apart from that, they represent a solid reference for encouraging potential parents to procreate and thereby contribute to accomplishing goals of the national population policy in a country where depopulation is a reality. This paper represents an attempt to solve the unsolvable issue pertaining to possibilities of Novi Sad private kindergartens in supporting a family in fulfilling its pro-natal function. .
Perception of Hungarians by the Serbs between the two world wars
Authors: Malovic Gojko
Published: October 2011

Serbs and Hungarians are neighboring nations for more than a millennium. Over the course of last couple of centuries, due to historical circumstances, a substantial part of the Serbian population has been intermixed with Hungarians. Their mutual relationship has resulted in more than enough historically memorable events. Out of the conflicts of World War I, Serbs came out as the victors while Hungarians were on the side of the defeated. Consequences of the war in which Serbs and Hungarians fought each other left deep wounds on their mutual relationship. The devastating war blows and hardships which Hungarians brought onto Serbs during World War I have contributed to a certain level of distrust which Serbs felt towards Hungarians between the two world wars. This condition has largely influenced mutual sentiments of both peoples. During the period between the two world wars, Serbs acquired some new attitudes, but even more so strengthened the old ones they have had towards Hungarians. Serbs realized that Hungarians kept their national pride even in the period between the two wars, and that the Hungarian attitude towards Serbs has undergone certain change. The territorial dispute between Hungary as the national state of Hungarians, and Yugoslavia as a country predominantly populated by Serbs, represented the major obstacle and a source of misunderstanding between the two nations. The attitudes of the wider Serbian population towards Hungarians between the two wars are harder to apprehend because there was hardly any such research or analysis done in this period. What is available, however, are various personal i.e. subjective opinions recorded by individual Serbian intellectuals of various profiles of the time. They have acquainted themselves and, to a certain extent, studied both Hungarians who lived in Hungary and the Hungarian national minority who lived in Yugoslavia, mainly throughout the multinational region of Vojvodina. Between the two wars, Serbs held Hungarians in high esteem as serious people who, aside from some warlike and crude traits, possess good work habits, sensibility and integrity. This is evident in the fact that in this period Serbs did not come up with a single pejorative or insulting song, witticism or aphorism in regards to Hungarians. For the purpose of greater understanding and even closeness between the two nations in the future, it would be beneficial to carry out a more extensive research into the mutual relationship of Serbs and Hungarians, as well as of their respective cultural accomplishments, not only in the period between the two wars, but in other periods as well.
The regions of Volga Federal District: Ethnic identity as a political project
Authors: Kornilov Alexander , Ryabkov Ilya
Published: October 2011

The author makes an attempt to analyze the methods and mechanisms of the actualization of ethnic identity in the regions of Volga Federal District. The working hypothesis is the thesis that a big political project is necessary for a successful actualization of ethnic identity. Three examples are used as the argument - successful use of ethnic identity in Tatarstan, the unsuccessful attempt to actualize the ethnic identity of the Bashkirs, and the long-term Finno-Ugric project, which is oriented to the future. The main conclusion of the paper is that a strong connection exists between the process of actualization of ethnic identity in the regions of Volga Federal District and questions of national security. Any attempt to use ethnic identity for political aims brings threat to the political system of the Russian Federation.
Religious education and cultural identity
Authors: Trifunovic Vesna
Published: October 2011

The paper stresses how important it is to adapt subject content in formal school (primary school, primarily) to meet the needs of social and cultural development. Effective primary school teaching contributes to cultural development by spreading and accepting a cultural model and by strengthening the national and cultural identity. Following the logic of new political reality and new landmarks of social development, the Serbian society is trying to find the answers to the following questions: first, how to use tradition in transition process and change the quality of relationship to tradition; second, how to bridge the gap between national culture, on the one hand, and universal cultural patterns, on the other? Religious education can greatly contribute to strengthening the national and cultural identity, owing to particular values it carries. The paper stresses the possibility of creating identity (national and cultural) in the conditions characterized by the crisis of identity in the globalzing society.
Knowledge as a factor of organic production improvement in farms in Vojvodina
Authors: Cikic Jovana , Petrovic Zivojin
Published: October 2011

The paper is focused on the analysis of the rote of knowledge and diffusion of knowledge and innovations as a factor of organic production improvement in Vojvodinian farms. The assessment of the knowledge influence in improvement of organic production is bated upon the analysis of farmers' needs, their awareness of significance and prospects of organic production, as well as the level of knowledge development on organic production. Empirical bate for the analysis includes the results of the survey on agricultural extension agents' attitudes on factors for the development and improvement of organic production in farms and data on the extension agents' activities towards improvement. The analysis aims to point out the position of knowledge in the deterministic frame which defines prospects for the organic farming in Vojvodinian farms.
Overcoming the social crisis in Russia: Systemic modernization as an alternative for its further development
Authors: Sorokina Lilia
Published: October 2011

The author tackles the ways of further development of Russia and its perspectives in the global world. The main directions in national scientific thought are analyzed - the theories of Westernization, Isolationism, and Eurasianism. Special attention is paid to the theory of modernization as an effective way of overcoming the crisis in contemporary Russian society, which proposes innovative methods of rebuilding Russia's political and economic systems, taking into account the effects of the global financial crisis. The article also highlights the problem of deep spiritual crisis in modern Russian society and suggests a solution for that problem. It supposes an upgrade in the spiritual sphere, the formation of a new mentality, innovative ideology, in which the factors of human creativity, energy and initiative will occupy the leading position.
Recent changes in business practices of the export insurance and financing agencies
Authors: Vapa-Tankosic Jelena
Published: October 2011

This paper analyzes the traditional main role of Export Credit Agencies (ECAs) which have from their founding been a tool for governments to support national companies in their export business and enhance the economy's capacity to penetrate foreign markets. Since 1919 when the first agency was established in the United Kingdom with the objective of guaranteeing exports to markets not covered by private insurers, ECAs have been the main promoters of national politics for providing coverage against commercial and non-commercial risks of export transactions. In the last years, in the light of enhanced institutional and legal framework, global trade and financial integration, structural transformation in production organization, and the increasing role of the private sector, significant changes in the model of traditional export credit support have occurred.
Direct Consumer Access to Physical Therapy in Michigan: Challenges to Policy Adoption
Authors: Shoemaker Michael J.
Published: October 2011

Background

Despite the ability of consumers to receive treatment from a physical therapist without a physician referral or prescription in 45 states, Michigan continues to require a physician prescription. Given the impending primary care provider shortage, direct access should be considered as a potential solution to barriers that prevent patients from accessing timely musculoskeletal care.

Objective

The purpose of the present policy analysis was to analyze why an attempt in 2006 to remove the prescription requirement in Michigan was not adopted.

Methods

The Policy Analysis Triangle approach, which considers the relevant actors, processes, and context in which a policy must be considered, was used to analyze why Michigan House Bill 5618 was not passed. Data sources included position statements from relevant stakeholders, state government documents, stakeholder analysis, and a systematic review of the literature.

Results

Multiple data sources, including a systematic review of the literature, revealed that direct access does not pose a risk to public safety and may result in better outcomes with regard to cost and quality of care. Failure of Michigan to adopt direct access in 2006 was due to scope of practice conflicts and various political contexts and processes.

Conclusions

Direct consumer access to physical therapy services appears to be sound health policy that should be reconsidered by Michigan's legislature to alleviate the primary care provider shortage for those with musculoskeletal disorders.