bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental temperature alters the digestive performance and gut microbiota of a terrestrial amphibian
Authors: Fontaine Samantha S. , Novarro Alexander J. , Kohl Kevin D.
Published: August 2018

Environmental temperature and gut microbial communities can both have profound impacts on the digestive performance of ectothermic vertebrates. Additionally, the diversity, composition, and function of gut microbial communities themselves are influenced by temperature. It is typically assumed that the temperature-dependent nature of ectotherm digestive performance is due to factors such as host physiological changes and adaptation to local climatic conditions. However, it is also possible that temperature-induced alterations to gut microbiota may influence the relationship between temperature and digestion. To explore the connections between these three factors, we compared digestive performance and gut microbial community diversity and composition in red-backed salamanders housed at three experimental temperatures—10°C, 15°C, and 20°C. We also investigated associations between specific bacterial taxa and temperature, or salamander digestive performance. We found that salamander digestive performance was greatest at 15°C, while gut microbial diversity was reduced at 20°C. Further, gut microbial community composition differed among the three temperature treatments. The relative abundances of 25 bacterial genera were dependent on temperature, with high temperatures being associated with reductions in relative abundance of disease-resistant bacteria and increases in pathogenic taxa. The relative abundances of four bacterial genera were correlated with salamander energy assimilation, two of which are known to digest chitin, a main component of the red-backed salamander diet. These findings suggest that gut microbiota may mediate the relationship between temperature and digestion in ectotherms. We discuss how global climate change may impact ectotherms by altering host-microbe interactions.
Positive Work Contribution Shifts from Distal to Proximal Joints during a Prolonged Run
Authors: SANNO MAXIMILIAN , WILLWACHER STEFFEN , EPRO GASPAR , BRÜGGEMANN GERT-PETER
Published: August 2018

Purpose

To investigate the joint-specific contributions to the total lower-extremity joint work during a prolonged fatiguing run.

Methods

Recreational long-distance runners (n = 13) and competitive long-distance runners (n = 12) performed a 10-km treadmill run with near-maximal effort. A three-dimensional motion capture system synchronized with a force-instrumented treadmill was used to calculate joint kinetics and kinematics of the lower extremity in the sagittal plane during the stance phase at 13 distance points over the 10-km run.

Results

A significant (P < 0.05) decrease of positive ankle joint work as well as an increase of positive knee and hip joint work was found. These findings were associated with a redistribution of the individual contributions to total lower-extremity work away from the ankle toward the knee and hip joint which was more distinctive in the recreational runner group than in the competitive runner group. This redistribution was accomplished by significant (P < 0.05) reductions of the external ground-reaction force lever arm and joint torque at the ankle and by the significant (P < 0.05) increase of the external ground-reaction force lever arm and joint torque at the knee and hip.

Conclusions

The redistribution of joint work from the ankle to more proximal joints might be a biomechanical mechanism that could partly explain the decreased running economy in a prolonged fatiguing run. This might be because muscle–tendon units crossing proximal joints are less equipped for energy storage and return compared with ankle plantar flexors and require greater muscle volume activation for a given force. To improve running performance, long-distance runners may benefit from an exercise-induced enhancement of ankle plantar flexor muscle–tendon unit capacities.
ICR142 Benchmarker: evaluating, optimising and benchmarking variant calling using the ICR142 NGS validation series
Authors: Ruark Elise , Holt Esty , Renwick Anthony , Münz Márton , Wakeling Matthew , Ellard Sian , Mahamdallie Shazia , Yost Shawn , Rahman Nazneen
Published: August 2018

Evaluating, optimising and benchmarking of next generation sequencing (NGS) variant calling performance are essential requirements for clinical, commercial and academic NGS pipelines. Such assessments should be performed in a consistent, transparent and reproducible fashion, using independently, orthogonally generated data.

Here we present ICR142 Benchmarker, a tool to generate outputs for assessing variant calling performance using the ICR142 NGS validation series, a dataset of exome sequence data from 142 samples together with Sanger sequence data at 704 sites. ICR142 Benchmarker provides summary and detailed information on the sensitivity, specificity and false detection rates of variant callers. ICR142 Benchmarker also automatically generates a single page report highlighting key performance metrics and how performance compares to widely-used open-source tools.

We used ICR142 Benchmarker with VCF files outputted by GATK, OpEx and DeepVariant to create a benchmark for variant calling performance. This evaluation revealed pipeline-specific differences and shared challenges in variant calling, for example in detecting indels in short repeating sequence motifs. We next used ICR142 Benchmarker to perform regression testing with versions 0.5.2 and 0.6.1 of DeepVariant. This showed that v0.6.1 improves variant calling performance, but there was evidence of some minor changes in indel calling behaviour that may benefit from attention in future updates. The data also allowed us to evaluate filters to optimise DeepVariant calling, and we recommend using 30 as the QUAL threshold for base substitution calls when using DeepVariant v0.6.1.

Finally, we used ICR142 Benchmarker with VCF files from two commercial variant calling providers to facilitate optimisation of their in-house pipelines and to provide transparent benchmarking of their performance.

ICR142 Benchmarker consistently and transparently analyses variant calling performance based on the ICR142 NGS validation series, using the standard VCF input and outputting informative metrics to enable user understanding of pipeline performance. ICR142 Benchmarker is freely available at https://github.com/RahmanTeamDevelopment/ICR142_Benchmarker/releases.
Floral association of adult Cyclocephala tucumana Brethes and Cyclocephala melanocephala (Fabricius) with passion flowers (Passiflora edulis Sims)
Authors: Dias Bruno Mateus Ribeiro , Rodrigues Sérgio Roberto
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Adults of Cyclocephala tucumana Brethes and Cyclocephala melanocephala (Fabricius) were sampled in yellow passionflower flowers, being the first record of C. tucumana associated with flowers of this plant.Associação floral de adultos de Cyclocephala tucumana Brethes e Cyclocephala melanocephala (Fabricius) com flores de maracujá (Passiflora edulis Sims)Resumo. Adultos de Cyclocephala tucumana Brethes e Cyclocephala melanocephala (Fabricius) foram amostrados em flores de maracujá amarelo, sendo o primeiro registro de C. tucumana associada com flores dessa planta.
Estimating the Accuracy of Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography and Single‐photon Emission Computed Tomography among Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Pappas Matthew A. , Auerbach Andrew D.
Published: August 2018

When cardiac stress testing is ordered prior to noncardiac surgery, the optimal test modality is unknown. Therefore, we conducted this study to compare the diagnostic accuracy of dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) and single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in a representative sample of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery without an existing diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). The predicted accuracy of DSE was greater than that of SPECT in around 60.5% of cases above the current guideline‐recommended risk threshold. In this population, DSE is likely to be more accurate than SPECT in the diagnosis of obstructive CAD. To the extent that making a diagnosis of obstructive CAD changes the decision to pursue noncardiac surgery, DSE likely represents a more efficient testing modality. However, in the range of pretest probabilities among this population, positive results from either test are more likely to represent false positives than true positives.
Socio-economic Analysis Based on Energy Input and Output of Mixed Cropping Systems of Bhabhar Region (Shiwalik Range of Kumaun Himalaya, India)
Authors: Padalia Kirtika , Bargali S.S. , Bargali Kiran , Parihaar R.S.
Published: August 2018

In the present study, the status of energy efficiency and economy of existing agroecosystems in the Shiwalik range of Kumaun Himalaya were assessed. A large number of plant species were cultivated/maintained by the local inhabitants to conserve the diversity in agroecosystems. Agriculture was the main source of economy of the villagers. The agroforestry system provides many ecological services to enhance the socio-economic condition of the farmers. In addition, home garden is another land use system, which is very common in the area. All collected data from agricultural (inputs and outputs) were calculated and converted to energy values by using constants. In the present study, average consumption of annual energy inputs in agroforestry system (103646 MJ/ha) was approximately three times more as compared to home gardens (43056 MJ/ha). Uses of chemical fertilizers and pesticides increased the inputs manifolds. Average annual energy outputs obtained from agroforestry system (434116 MJ/ha) which was seven times more to the home gardens (57008 MJ/ha). Energy output/input ratio in agroforestry varied from 2.26 to 9.06 while in home gardens range speckled between 1.20 and 1.47. In terms of monetary budget, annual return from agroforestry and home garden systems were ₹ 95077/ha and 4201/ha, respectively. From the present study, it can be concluded that agroecosystems provides the good monetary benefits and source of employment to the villagers. The possible benefits of agriculture are raising income and thus improving status of livelihoods in Bhabhar region of Kumaun Himalaya.
Effects of Nitrogen and Plant Density on Maize (Zea mays L.) Phenology and Grain Yield
Authors: Shrestha Jiban , Nath Yadav Deo , Prasad Amgain Lal , Prasad Sharma Jhanka
Published: August 2018

Nitrogen fertilizer and plant density are considered some of the most important factors affecting phenology and grain yield of maize. Therefore, current study was conducted to assess the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application and plant density on phenology (days to tasseling, silking and maturity) and grain yield of maize (Variety: Rampur Composite) at Mangalpur VDC-3, Anandapur, Chitwan, Nepal during 2006-07 winter season. The five levels of nitrogen as 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N/ha and three levels of the plant population as 55555, 66666 and 83333 plants/ha were evaluated using two factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The days of flowering (tasseling and silking) decreased with increasing nitrogen level up to 200 kg N/ha and increased with increasing level of plant population up to 83333 plants/ha). Physiological maturity and grain yield increased with increasing level of nitrogen up to 200 kg N/ha and plant population up to 83333 plants/ha. The highest grain yield (6925.79 kg/ha) was obtained with 200 kg N/ha + 66666 plants/ha. This study suggested that maize production can be maximized by cultivating maize with the use of 200 kg N/ha and maintaining the plant density of 66666 plants/ha.
Histopathological Alterations due to the Effect of Lead Nitrate on the Testis of Freshwater Fish, Channa Striatus (Bloch, 1793)
Authors: Sharma Shivani
Published: August 2018

The present study examined the histopathological effect of lead nitrate on the testis of fish (Channa striatus). Fishes having average length 20-25 cm and weight 50-60 g were distributed into four groups. The fishes of group I were kept as control, while II, III and IV were exposed to sub lethal concentrations (8, 18 and 28 mg/l) of lead nitrate for 30, 60 and 90 days. Examined sections revealed that the testis of C. striatus had damaged wall of seminiferous tubules, disorganization of seminiferous tubules, clustering of seminiferous tubules, deshaped and damaged seminiferous tubules, indistinguishable leydig’s cells, reduction in the number of leydig’s cells, necrosis, vacuolization, centralization of spermatozoa and reduction in the number of spermatozoa. The result of the present study clearly indicates that testicular histopathological alterations depend on duration of exposure and concentration of lead nitrate in the testis of Channa striatus.
Environmental Implications of pH in a Pervious Concrete Pavement on Highway BR-319, Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: Arantes de Oliveira Evailton , P. S. Lamêgo Oliveira Maria , M. L. da Silva Campos Arlene , Ferreira dos Santos Murilo , A. Afonso Souza Jessica , Correia de S. Guerreiro Maria , Alzira Pimenta Dinis Maria
Published: August 2018

This research studies the carbonation phenomenon of cement due to the reaction of its components with water. In this chemical reaction occurs the formation of calcium carbonate and the absorption of CO2 in the atmosphere, which contributes to the reduction of the Greenhouse Effect. However, carbonation also causes pathologies such as efflorescence, staining and corrosion of steel in concrete. This research shows the results of experiments with specimens of concrete permeable, made with cement and big aggregates (calcareous stone) in the ratio of 1: 4.4 (cement: stone) and a factor of 0.3 for water / cement. The specimens were kept in contact with water containing different amounts of CO2 - distilled, ionized alkaline, carbonated, and tap water. After the experiments were carried out, an increase in pH, a mean compressive strength of 12.3 MPa and a permeability rate of 1.28 l / h was observed. The results show that the permeable concrete did not present any pathologies resulting from the carbonation during the period of the research, which recommended the same for use in road pavements.
SUSTENTABILIDADE AMBIENTAL DA SUINOCULTURA COM MANEJO DE DEJETOS EM BIODIGESTOR – AVALIAÇÃO DE PARÂMETROS FÍSICO-QUÍMICOS
Authors: Veloso Alessandro Vieira , Campos Alessandro Torres , Marin Diego Bedin , Mattioli Matheus Campos , Néri Antônio Carlos
Published: August 2018

A suinocultura industrial, caracterizada pelo modelo de criação intensiva, possui alto poder poluidor. Assim, visando contribuir para a mitigação deste quadro, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de um sistema de manejo e tratamento de resíduos da suinocultura por meio do processo de biodigestão anaeróbia, a partir de seus parâmetros físico-químicos. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras no tanque de equalização, nos dois biodigestores e na lagoa de estabilização. Os parâmetros físico-químicos analisados foram pH; alcalinidade total; acidez total; condutividade elétrica; oxigênio dissolvido; demanda bioquímica de oxigênio; demanda química de oxigênio; sólidos totais; sólidos fixos; sólidos voláteis; nitrogênio total; nitrogênio amoniacal e fósforo total. Pelos resultados obtidos, o sistema mostrou-se eficiente na estabilização dos resíduos, principalmente, da carga orgânica, na qual se constatou uma eficiência global de 85,37% e 81,81% para a remoção de DBO e DQO, respectivamente.
CONSERVAÇÃO DE GOIABAS COM REVESTIMENTOS COMESTÍVEIS DE AMIDO E CASEÍNA COM EXTRATO DE BARBATIMÃO
Authors: Remor Lopes Allan , Cardoso Dragunski Douglas , Caetano Josiane , Botin Francisco Camila , Ferreira Bonfim Júnior Leandro
Published: August 2018

Com alto valor nutritivo e ótimas propriedades sensoriais, a goiaba (Psidium gujava L.) possui grande valor de mercado. No entanto, seu comércio é limitado devido às suas características fisiológicas que reduzem a sua vida pós-colheita. Para aumentar a vida útil das goiabas são necessários o uso de novas tecnologias, entre elas vem se destacando o uso de revestimentos comestíveis com a adição de extratos vegetais. Desta forma, este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a conservação de goiabas utilizando revestimentos comestíveis com a adição de extrato de barbatimão. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: Controle (sem aplicação de revestimento); A (revestimento de amido); AC (revestimento de amido + caseína); AB (revestimento de amido + extrato de barbatimão); ACB (revestimento de amido e caseína + extrato de barbatimão). As goiabas foram analisadas em relação à perda de massa, firmeza, acidez total titulável, sólidos solúveis totais, vitamina C e colorimetria. A utilização dos revestimentos comestíveis de amido e caseína reduziu a perda de massa das goiabas, porém a adição do extrato de barbatimão não proporcionou mudanças em relação à perda de massa. Os revestimentos comestíveis de amido e caseína com extrato de barbatimão foram eficientes na conservação da firmeza e colorimetria das goiabas.
ANÁLISE ESPACIAL E TEMPORAL DAS CHUVAS MÉDIAS MENSAIS E ANUAIS NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO MUCURI
Authors: Almeida Rafael Alvarenga , Pinto Daniel Brasil Ferreira , Primo David Ferreira , Sena Fabielle Rodrigues , Santos Daniel Moraes
Published: August 2018

O conhecimento da variabilidade espacial e temporal da precipitação é de fundamental importância para o planejamento industrial, econômico e da agricultura, sobretudo para a caracterização do clima. Neste sentido, objetivou-se, com este trabalho, realizar análise da precipitação média mensal, dos trimestres mais secos e mais chuvosos, e anual para a bacia hidrográfica do Mucuri. A partir da espacialização dos dados, foi feita uma interpolação pelo método da Krigagem ordinária com semivariograma esférico, com uso do software ArcGis versão 10.0. Para isso, adotou-se onze estações no sistema online Hidroweb/ANA, as quais dispunham de uma série de dados com no mínimo 30 anos da região do Vale do Mucuri. Foram excluídos da análise os meses com mais de 5% de falha. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, foi possível observar que os meses de novembro, dezembro e janeiro foram os mais chuvosos e que os meses de junho, julho e agosto os mais secos. O trimestre chuvoso correspondeu com cerca de 40 a 55% da precipitação total anual na cabeceira da bacia hidrográfica, enquanto que o trimestre de estiagem registrou cerca 6 a 10% da precipitação total anual.
QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA DAS SEMENTES DE SORGO SACARINO SUBMETIDAS À SECAGEM E AO ARMAZENAMENTO
Authors: Ullmann Renan , Resende Osvaldo , Rodrigues Gabrielly Bernardes , Chaves Tarcisio Honório , Oliveira Daniel Emanuel Cabral de
Published: August 2018

No presente estudo, objetivou-se verificar a qualidade das sementes de sorgo sacarino submetidas à secagem em diferentes temperaturas e após o armazenamento durante seis meses. As sementes de sorgo foram colhidas manualmente após o amadurecimento, com teor de água de 282 (%b.u.), posteriormente, foram levadas ao processo de secagem em estufa com ventilação forçada de ar nas temperaturas controladas de 40; 55; 70; 85 e 100 °C e umidade relativa de 28,4; 18,6; 12,2; 7,3 e 3,1%, respectivamente. Após a secagem, as sementes foram armazenadas durante seis meses em ambiente natural de aproximadamente 25,6±1,6 °C e 58,9±19,8% de umidade relativa. As sementes foram analisadas quanto ao teor de água, condutividade elétrica, porcentagem de germinação e índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG). A condutividade elétrica aumentou ao longo do tempo de armazenamento e diminuiu a germinação e IVG, sendo esse comportamento intensificado mediante altas temperaturas de secagem.
Networks, advocacy and evidence in public health policymaking: insights from case studies of European Union smoke-free and English health inequalities policy debates
Authors: Smith Katherine E , Weishaar Heide
Published: August 2018

The past two decades witnessed the international consensus around the idea that health policy decisions should be ‘evidence-based’. These efforts have stimulated a wealth of studies explicitly concerned with understanding the use of research evidence in policy. The majority of such studies suggest there are few examples of public health policy outcomes that might reasonably be labelled ‘evidence-based’. Only a small number of these studies seek to explore how political dynamics interacted with evidence to shape policy outcomes. Here, we draw on two empirical case studies of efforts to promote public health evidence to decision makers (protection from secondhand smoke in Europe and tackling health inequalities in England), to highlight the primacy of ‘policy networks’ and ‘advocacy’ for understanding the role of evidence in achieving policy change. Reflecting on our empirical findings, we argue that the policy networks literature usefully foregrounds the roles that diverse ‘policy actors’ can play in connecting research and policy. However, our case studies also suggest that popular accounts of policy networks, such as Haas’ ‘epistemic communities’ and Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith’s Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF), overstate the role of core values in driving policy network efforts, while underplaying the role of advocacy, leadership, network communication and trust, scientific consensus, political context and strategic policy trade-offs in network success. We conclude by arguing for further efforts to connect analyses of policy networks and evidence use. We also reflect on the implications of our findings for those seeking to employ evidence to effect policy change.
A Comparison of the Utilization of Carbon Nanopowder and Activated Carbon as Counter Electrode for Monolithic Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC)
Authors: Mubarak Zaky , Nursam Natalita Maulani , Shobih Shobih , Hidayat Jojo , Tahir Dahlang
Published: August 2018

Monolithic design is one of the most promising dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) architectures to develop, because it allows the elimination of one conductive substrate and offers the possibility for printing layer-by-layer of the materials that made up its structure. In this study, titanium dioxide-based monolithic type DSSCs were fabricated on a single fluorine-doped transparent oxide coated glass with TiO2 as photoanode and porous ZrO2 as spacer. The type of the carbon material used as the composite paste for the counter electrode was varied to see the effect on the solar cell efficiency. Four-point probes measurement revealed that the resistivity of the carbon layer synthesized using activated carbon exhibited slightly higher conductivity with a sheet resistance of 10.70 Ω/sq and 11.09 Ω/sq for activated carbon and carbon nanopowder, respectively. The efficiency of DSSC that uses activated carbon as counter electrode was higher (i.e. 0.221%) than the DSSC with carbon nanopowder (i.e. 0.005%). The better performance of DSSC with activated carbon as a counter electrode was due to its better conductivity and higher surface area compared to those of carbon nanopowder.
Analysis of Thermal Treatment Zirconia as Spacer Layer on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Performance with Monolithic Structure
Authors: Anwar Chairil , Rosa Erlyta Septa , Shobih Shobih , Hidayat Jojo , Tahir Dahlang
Published: August 2018

Monolithic dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) offer the prospect of lower material cost and require a simpler manufacturing process compared with conventional DSSC. Fabricated on a single fluorine tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate consists of a nanoporous TiO2 photoanode layer, a ZrO2 spacer layer, a carbon counter electrode layer, a dye, and an electrolyte. The spacer layer on the monolithic DSSC serves as electrolyte storage and insulating layer to separate between photoanode and counter electrode. Zirconia is often used as a spacer because it has high temperature resistant properties, high dielectric constant and adhesive as an insulator that has band gap between 5-6 eV. The effects of the thermal treatment of zirconia layer as a spacer electrolyte on the performance of monolithic DSSC have been investigated. The cell’s performance increases with the sintering temperature as well as indicated by the decreased in particle size and increased in quantum efficiency in the absorption region of the titania layer. Co-sintering treatment tends to drastically reduce cell’s performance. The highest performance was obtained at a temperature sintering of 500o C with an PCE of 0.22%, Isc = 0.16 mA and Voc = 0.71 V.
A Conceptual Framework for Disruptive Innovation in Advising
Authors: Hamada Kay S.
Published: August 2018

Institutions of higher education seek innovative opportunities to keep up with changing student needs. Accordingly, frameworks such as Christensen’s  Disruptive Innovation theory may appear attractive on the surface to improve advising practices, but a deeper under-standing of context and objectives is imperative to recognizing the applicability of such frame-works to practice. By clarifying what Disruptive Innovation is, and is not (i.e., sustaining innovation), it has been argued that the theory has been misunderstood and misapplied (Christensen et al., “What is Disruptive Innovation?”).  A closer look reveals that in addition to benefits, the Disruptive Innovation framework also poses a number of challenges to advising. This study sets out to (1) clarify the theoretical framework of Disruptive Innovation and explore the relationship between Disruptive Innovation and advising; (2) examine the extent to which Disruptive Innovation theory can be applied in advising, via a case study; and (3) discuss the implications for Disruptive Innovation in advising.
LEGAL PROTECTION TO INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS IN LAND PROCUREMENT FOR PUBLIC INTEREST
Authors: Tehupeiory Aartje
Published: August 2018

In principle land procurement is done by a method that between the party requiring land and the right owner of land, whose land is required for public interest, under the principle applicable on land control and legal protection provided by the national law on land to the right to the land holders. In the legislation setting forth the land procurement for public interest a fair treatment is given to individual right so the legal protection and certainty for individuals in land procurement can be achieved. However, in the implementation the empirical cases get insufficient protection and fair treatment. There is no balance, equitability and harmony between the state’s right to control and protection to individual’s property right. On one side, the development for public interest is in an urgent need of sufficient lands, but on the other side individuals also need land for their life continuity. If by reason of development, the land is forcefully confiscated, it means ignoring the protection to individual right on land. Consequently, individuals and community get inadequate justice and protection, legal certainty. This writing is intended to analyze the role of legal protection to individual right in land procurement for public interest. By applying the statute approach method, the state’s role in providing legal protection to its citizens can be learnt. In conclusion there is lack of protection and respect to individual right and community provided on proportional basis because the delegation of state’s land control authority gives impression of extremely wide and great power.
LEGAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DOCTORS AND PATIENTS IN MEDICAL SERVICE EFFORTS
Authors: Astuti Endang Kusuma
Published: August 2018

The relationship between doctor and patient is not equal. The relationship between doctor and patient gave birth to the legal aspects of which object of inspanningsverbintenis is maximum efforts for the recovery / maintaining the health of patients which performed with caution based on the knowledge and experience of the doctor to seek recovery of the patient. Legal relationship between doctor and patient in medical care effort began when the patient filed a complaint which responded to by a doctor. Doctor’s responsibility in medical services efforts include ethical, professional, and legal responsibility, which covers doctor’s responsibility related to criminal law, civil law and administrative law
LEGAL POLITICS OF PROTECTION OF INDONESIAN TRADITIONAL CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS / FOLKLORE
Authors: Roisah Kholis
Published: August 2018

This research discusses about the politics of legal protection of traditional cultural expressions/ folklore in Indonesia. It is important to note that the protection of traditional cultural expressions is necessary in order to form a national identity. Protecting traditional cultural expressions legally can also be the indication of civilization in order to force the state to conduct its obligation to develop national culture. The method of approach used in this study was non doctrinal or socio-legal approach. From the result of the research, it is found that first, constitutionally, politics of legal protection of traditional cultural expressions has obliged a state to develop its national culture, guarantee the freedom or independence of all components of the people in preserving and developing the culture and enjoy the product of the culture, in this case including in preserving and developing traditional cultural expressions/folklore. It must also guarantee the collective rights of all components of people including communities of people who preserve traditional cultural expressions for the sake of the wellbeing and the progress of the communities, or to a broader sense for the sake of the wellbeing of all Indonesian people. The second, operationally, politics of protection of traditional cultural expressions gives the state the authority to formulate policies, regulate, administrate, manage, promote and supervise the use of traditional cultural expressions. The state must be able to protect and guarantee all people’s rights related to traditional cultural expressions/folklore and various national cultural properties that can directly enjoy by the people. In addition, the state must also be able to prevent and handle the use of traditional cultural expressions that cause people to lose their access and rights to the traditional cultural expressions.
THE INDONESIAN DISABILITY NATIONAL COMMISSION AS A STRATEGIC POLICY IN FULFILLING THE RIGHTS OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITY
Authors: Kumalasari Galuh Wahyu
Published: August 2018

The disability or different ability is every people who had physical limitation, intellectual, mental, and/or sensory for a long time in interacting with their environment, could run into obstacles and difficulties to participate in full and effective with other citizens by equality rights. The law 8/2016 about people with disability is being law enforcement to fulfill the rights for the people with disability. Social Affairs Ministry through the Social Directorate of Disability Rehabilitation is the instrument of the state to implement the fulfillment of the rights. This writing is used normative juridical method to dig the formation policy of the National Commission with Disability to guarantee the disability rights. This study found that function given to social affairs ministry actually flawed, considering rights of people with disabilities is not simply about economic needs, but also the right to life, health, education, accessibility, political, and others. There are so many disabilities in various areas experienced discrimination and treated very inhuman, not only related accessibility but also about neglect practices and put the people with disabilities in a stocks. The formation of a national commission with disability as instructed in article 131-134 Act 8/2016 is very urgent to crystallize, so the implementation of the disability rights can be optimized. The formation of the national commission with disability will give certainty of a special institution that focus to handle and ensure the fulfillment rights of people with disabilities as citizens.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN LEGAL SYSTEMS IN THE JUDICIAL PROCESS OF KENDENG CASE (A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ACCESS TO JUSTICE)
Authors: Nugroho Wahyu
Published: August 2018

The Indonesian state has the characteristic of legal system plurality in a national legal system, it is interesting to be observed from law making, licencing, law implementation, to judiciary process. State organizers in the context of government (executive power) as the licensors of business activities and the judiciary (judicial power) State Administration, as absolute competence over the objects of environmental administration disputes require optical and comprehensive holistic understanding, amidst the very diverse conditions of the legal system (legal pluralism) and a pluralistic society to be bound in a single national legal system (unification). The problem formulation in this paper is: (1) How is the interaction of continental European legal system and customary law system on kendeng case in the tiered judicial process? And (2) how does the interaction affect the legal system on the judge's mindset over environmental permit disputes objects? In relation to executive power as a licensor, the involvement of the public in the process of publishing environmental documents becomes a very important matter. Kendeng Community of Rembang Regency Central Java Province is fighting for its rights and various access to justice, finally choosing the judicial route as the main tool against the state, namely the State Administrative Court (PTUN) Semarang, High Administrative Court (PT TUN) Surabaya, Until the most recent legal remedy in the judicial system in Indonesia, namely the Review Supreme of Court. In this paper, it shows the interaction between the legal system, the continental European legal system and the customary law system in the process of tiered justice as an access to justice for the kendeng mountain community.
JUSTICE IN MANY ROOMS IN SHARIA BANKING DISPUTE RESOLUTION TO ACHIEVE JUSTICE
Authors: Triana Nita
Published: August 2018

This paper examines the dispute resolution of Sharia Banking. The method is a non-doctrinal legal research using qualitative research  and Socio Legal approach. Sharia banking cannot be separated from the problems between the banking and the Customer. This problem is calledproblematic financing. The resolution  of problematic financing of sharia banks in litigation is now the absolute authority of the Religious Courts. The downside of litigation settlement usually takes a long time, the need for proof, the cost is quite expensive and the result is winningor lost. Therefore, the settlement of sharia banking is very rarely resolved through litigation. Alternative Dispute Resolution is a choice of dispute settlement chosen by Sharia Banking. The first stage isto carry out negotiation between all parties, namely Banking (lender) and The Customer (Debtor) in the form of warning and guidance. If it does not succeed, there will bedebt restructuration. The second step is mediation, in the form of consultation with third party as a mediator.  The mediation determines the rescue process of debt by Banks when a debtor is still unable to return his debt, executed by the bank. According to Marc Galanter these various dispute resolutionsis called justice in many rooms. In Islamic Law it is known as Sulh (peace). However, to a large extent this non-litigation settlement is more satisfactory to both parties in resolving the dispute because it senses fairness and a win-win solution.
DPD (REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVE COUNCIL), AS A STATE AGENCY OF INDONESIAN STATE SYSTEM, RUNS THE AUTHORITY OF ITS ROLE AND FUNCTION TO CREATETHE EXISTENCE OF BICAMERAL SYSTEM IN INDONESIA
Authors: Pile Tukan John Paulus , Tyesta ALW Lita
Published: August 2018

DPD (Regional Representatives Council) which is the representative of the region can be a counterweight in strengthening the parliamentary system in Indonesia. Since the amendment begun, the Indonesian parliamentary system has changed from a unicameral system to a bicameral system. However, if noticed, the functions, powers and duties set forth in Article 22 D of the 1945 Constitution and Law No.22 of 2003 on the composition and position of MPR (People’s Consultative Assembly), DPR (House of Representatives), DPD (Regional Representatives Council) and DPRD (Regional People’s Representatives Council), there are many assumptions that whether the function of Regional Representative Council can represent regional’s interests. DPD does not only serve as a counselor of regional autonomy board, and does not serve the legislature, as a country that embraces bicameral system. Bicameral is a term of representation system consisting of two chambers, which in Indonesia are known as DPR RI (House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia) and DPD RI (Regional Representatives Council of the Republic of Indonesia) which aims to achieve good government and the achievement of checks and balances between institutions, particularly in the legislature, which is one of the most important elements in the constitutional of the State.
Nieoficjalne urbanonimy Brna na tle podobnych nazw Poznania i Warszawy (rekonesans badawczy)
Authors: Juszczak Bartosz
Published: August 2018

Artykuł dotyczy nieoficjalnych urbanonimów Brna (na tle takich samych nazw Warszawy i Poznania). Część empiryczną materiału badawczego stanowi 265 nieoficjalnych nazw obiektów przestrzeni miejskiej wyekscerpowanych ze źródeł leksykograficznych, a także portali internetowych. W zgromadzonym materiale można wyłonić wszystkie typy obiektów przestrzeni miejskiej, które są reprezentowane przez różną liczbę urbanonimów. Podczas tworzenia nieoficjalnych toponimów miejskich obserwujemy różne procesy słowotwórcze (uniwerbizacja), posiłkowanie się obcą leksyką, zjawisko eliptyzacji i przeniesień metaforycznych.
Gene therapy for PNP deficiency protocol
Authors: Vong Linda
Published: August 2018

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) is a key enzyme required for the degradation of purine nucleosides into uric acid or their salvage into nucleic acids. Patients who are deficient in PNP suffer from progressive T cell immunodeficiency, with increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, and neurologic abnormalities. In the absence of successful treatment to restore immune function, these patients rarely survive to adulthood. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only known cure for PNP deficiency. Use of an HLA-matched donor is preferable as the outcome with alternative donors have been variable; however, this option is rarely available.

Gene therapy represents a therapeutic option that bypasses the need for a donor, and thus associated complications. Although first generation γ-retroviral vectors have been successful in some immunodeficiencies, in others, evidence of insertional mutagenesis prompted a halt in their use. More recently, the introduction of safer lentiviral vectors holds promise in offering a viable option to treat immunodeficiency.

Here, we present a clinical trial protocol utilizing self-inactivating lentiviral vectors to treat PNP deficiency. Patients will be evaluated up to 3 years post-transplantation to determine the safety of lentiviral-treated stem cell infusion, as well as the extent of immune reconstitution.

Statement of novelty: This protocol describes the novel treatment of PNP deficiency using lentiviral-based gene therapy.
Mining Landforms: An Integrated Approach for Assessing the Geotourism and Geoeducational Potential
Authors: Kubalíková Lucie
Published: August 2018

Anthropogenic landforms (especially the mining landforms – quarries, pits, mines) have undoubtedly a great potential for the geotourism development. In addition, they are important from the geoconservation and geoeducation point of view as they allow to see the Earth-science features that would normally remain hidden (e.g., stratigraphic boundaries or soil profiles). However, the potential of these landforms in some case is not fully recognized and the sites themselves can even be endangered. The article presents guidelines for inventorying and assessment method for geotourism and geoeducational purposes of these specific landforms (respectively, the mining geosites and geomorphosites which are going to be used for geotourism and geoeducation) and gives an example from the area in which geotourism has not been fully developed yet (Červený kopec/Red Hill in Brno, Czech Republic).
Inflation-Growth Nexus in Botswana: Can Lower Inflation Really Spur Growth in the Country?
Authors: Mothuti Gosego , Phiri Andrew
Published: August 2018

Does inflation affect economic growth in Botswana over the short-run and long-run? In applying bounds procedure for modelling ARDL cointegation effects applied to empirical data collected between 1975 and 2016 we find that this hypothesis does not hold true for Botswana as inflation is found to be insignificantly related with economic growth over both the short and long-run. Our growth equation estimates point to exports (positive), government size (negative) and an Pula/Dollar exchange rate (negative) as being significantly correlated with steady-state GDP growth. Further empirical exercises show that an appreciated Pula/dollar exchange rate increases inflation whilst bearing no effect on economic growth. Conversely, a depreciated Pula/Dollar exchange simultaneously decreases inflation and economic growth for the Botswana economy. Policymakers should be this aware that attainment of lower inflation rates which occurs through a depreciated Pula/Dollar currency will only retard economic growth.
What is the Spillover Effect of the U.S. Equity and Money Market on the Key Latin American Agricultural Exports?
Authors: Sierra Lya Paola , Girón Luis Eduardo , Girón Victor , Girón Andrés
Published: August 2018

This paper employs a multivariate constant conditional correlation (CCC) GARCH model and the VAR-AGARCH model to examine whether the U.S. equity and money market have a volatility spillover effect on the returns of the most important agricultural export products of Latin America over the turbulent 2005–2016 period. These results indicate the strengthening of crossmarket linkages between U.S. equity and money market and agricultural raw material commodities (notably sugar and soy) during the period of an upward trend and financial turmoil.
Temperature and resource availability drive the seasonal abundance of Artibeus lituratus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Atlantic Forest remnants of southeastern Brazil
Authors: de Souza Laurindo Rafael , Gregorin Renato
Published: August 2018

The great fruit-eating bat (Artibeus lituratus) is a large-sized bat in the New World family Phyllostomidae. It is widely distributed and sometimes very abundant in different Brazilian biomes, in natural and anthropic environments. Studies in the tropics have found evidence of a decrease in A. lituratus captures during the winter, a dry and cold season with low fruit availability, especially in higher latitudes. However, the causes for the decrease in captures are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to test the influence of temperature and fruit availability on capture rates of A. lituratus in a fragmented Atlantic Forest landscape. Results indicate that temperature is the main variable that explains the changes in the number of captures of A. lituratus throughout the year, and that fruit availability plays only an adjacent role. In addition, we highlight possible negative consequences of climate change on the survival of this species.
Power to peep-all: Inference Attacks by Malicious Batteries on Mobile Devices
Authors: Lifshits Pavel , Forte Roni , Hoshen Yedid , Halpern Matt , Philipose Manuel , Tiwari Mohit , Silberstein Mark
Published: August 2018

Mobile devices are equipped with increasingly smart batteries designed to provide responsiveness and extended lifetime. However, such smart batteries may present a threat to users’ privacy. We demonstrate that the phone’s power trace sampled from the battery at 1KHz holds enough information to recover a variety of sensitive information.

We show techniques to infer characters typed on a touchscreen; to accurately recover browsing history in an open-world setup; and to reliably detect incoming calls, and the photo shots including their lighting conditions. Combined with a novel exfiltration technique that establishes a covert channel from the battery to a remote server via a web browser, these attacks turn the malicious battery into a stealthy surveillance device.

We deconstruct the attack by analyzing its robustness to sampling rate and execution conditions. To find mitigations we identify the sources of the information leakage exploited by the attack. We discover that the GPU or DRAM power traces alone are sufficient to distinguish between different websites. However, the CPU and power-hungry peripherals such as a touchscreen are the primary sources of fine-grain information leakage. We consider and evaluate possible mitigation mechanisms, highlighting the challenges to defend against the attacks.

In summary, our work shows the feasibility of the malicious battery and motivates further research into system and application-level defenses to fully mitigate this emerging threat.
When the cookie meets the blockchain: Privacy risks of web payments via cryptocurrencies
Authors: Goldfeder Steven , Kalodner Harry , Reisman Dillon , Narayanan Arvind
Published: August 2018

We show how third-party web trackers can deanonymize users of cryptocurrencies. We present two distinct but complementary attacks. On most shopping websites, third party trackers receive information about user purchases for purposes of advertising and analytics. We show that, if the user pays using a cryptocurrency, trackers typically possess enough information about the purchase to uniquely identify the transaction on the blockchain, link it to the user’s cookie, and further to the user’s real identity. Our second attack shows that if the tracker is able to link two purchases of the same user to the blockchain in this manner, it can identify the user’s cluster of addresses and transactions on the blockchain, even if the user employs blockchain anonymity techniques such as CoinJoin. The attacks are passive and hence can be retroactively applied to past purchases. We discuss several mitigations, but none are perfect.
Hans Rosenberg und die Geschichte des deutschen Liberalismus
Authors: Grothe Ewald
Published: August 2018

Vorspann

Der Liberalismus war 1933 am Ende. So sah es jedenfalls Hans Rosenberg, der zu den herausragenden deutschen Historikern des 20. Jahrhunderts zählt. Rosenberg widmete diesem Thema seine hier erstmals veröffentlichte Antrittsvorlesung in Köln, die in zweifacher Hinsicht von großer Bedeutung ist: Er entfaltete dabei seine historisch tief abgestützte kritische Sicht des deutschen Liberalismus, die in den 1960er Jahren breit rezipiert wurde, und er vollzog zugleich den Übergang von der Ideen- zur Verfassungs- und Sozialgeschichte, der fortan sein Hauptinteresse galt. Zahlreiche prominente Historiker - unter ihnen Gerhard A. Ritter, Hans-Ulrich Wehler und Heinrich August Winkler - orientierten sich später an diesen bereits 1933 entwickelten Deutungen und methodischen Zugriffen.
Ilse Stöbe: Verräterin oder Patriotin?
Authors: Scherstjanoi Elke
Published: August 2018

Vorspann

In der Bundesrepublik der frühen 1950er Jahre galten Vertreter des Widerstandes weithin als Verräter; sie wurden erst nach und nach öffentlich anerkannt. Dieser Prozess ist noch keineswegs abgeschlossen und gestaltet sich besonders schwierig in Fällen, wo Widerstand die Form einer Zusammenarbeit mit ausländischen Mächten, insbesondere der Sowjetunion, angenommen hat. Der Vorwurf des Landesverrats ist dabei schnell bei der Hand. Er hat auch Ilse Stöbe getroffen, die Informantin des sowjetischen Militärnachrichtendienstes war, unter anderem als Mitarbeiterin des Auswärtigen Amtes. Soll Stöbe in die Widerstandsgalerie des Amtes aufgenommen werden? Elke Scherstjanoi, Historikerin am IfZ, kommt in ihrem hier in leicht überarbeiteter Form präsentierten Gutachten zu einem klaren Resultat: Stöbe leistete „Widerstand durch Verrat“.