bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuro-pharmacological Assessment of Coleus forskohlii for Anti-compulsive
Activity in Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Majhi Sagarika , Singh Manvi , Chauhan Iti , Verma Madhu , Kumari Raj
Published: January 2024

Background:

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric illness
characterized by obsessions or compulsions that significantly disrupt or impair daily functioning.
Coleus forskohlii, a significant medicinal crop, has forskolin in its roots. It is utilized extensively
as food and medicine all over the world. Coleus forskohlii has reputed medicinal uses, which include
antidepressant, antiaggregant, cAMP-genic, anticancer, etc.

Objective:

This study used mice models of marble burying and nestlet shredding to assess the
potential efficacy of Coleus forskohlii against obsessive-compulsive disorder. 8-hydroxy-2-(di-npropylamino)
tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) induced compulsive checking can demonstrate OCD-like
repetitive and obsessive behavior as well as neurotransmitter imbalance (serotonin).

Methods:

Each group had six mice, and the therapy was administered to the animals for a total of
15 days. On days 1, 7, and 14, the marble burying test was assessed for 30 minutes, and on days
2, 8 and 15, the nestlet shredding test was assessed for 30 minutes. The T-maze paradigm was
used to assess anti-OCD activity. The brain histology and morphometry were also performed.

Results:

When compared to the control group, treatments with Coleus forskohlii (50 and 100
mg/kg, p.o.) significantly enhanced performance on both behavior tests. The SAB score is dramatically
increased following the administration of the 8-OH-DPAT (2 mg/kg, i.p.) group. Coleus
forskohlii (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and fluoxetine (15 mg/kg, p.o.) groups showed significantly
lowered results. Animals treated with 8-OH-DPAT showed a considerable reduction in serotonin
levels. Following Coleus forskohlii administration, the histology of the brain tissues showed normal
morphological structure with no toxicity or abnormalities.

Conclusion:

The combination of all these findings points to Coleus forskohlii delivering a possible
therapeutic option for the treatment of OCD. The identification and anticompulsive properties
of the components from Coleus forskohlii should be the main aim of future studies.
Heavy Metals in Blood Serum of Smokers and Non-smoking Controls
Authors: Alkufi Abdulhussein Abdulameer , Oleiwi Mohanad Hussain , Abojassim Ali Abid
Published: January 2024

Background::

The analysis of heavy metals in the blood serum can serve as a reliable indicator
for establishing the association between cigarette smoking and the presence of heavy metals.

Method::

In this study, performed in Al-Najaf during 2023, concentrations of three heavy metals -
cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) – were investigated in two groups: cigarette smokers,
and non-smokers (the control group) by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Participants
in this experiment were categorized into five age groups: 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, and 61-
70.

Results::

The results showed that smokers displayed significantly higher blood serum concentrations
of all heavy metals (Cd, Cr, and Pb) compared to non-smokers Furthermore, it is found that the mean
concentrations of Cd, Cr, and Pb for smokers were 0.873±0.619 ppm, 1.957±0.883 ppm, and
0.043±0.021 ppm, respectively. For non-smokers, they were 0.197±0.165 ppm, 0.159±0.105 ppm,
and 0.031±0.016 ppm, respectively. These differences were statistically significant. Overall, the
mean heavy metal levels displayed a descending order in the present study, i.e. Cd > Cr > Pb."

Conclusion::

The concentrations of Cd and Cr in all samples of the present study were higher than
the biological limit according to ACGIH. Therefore, Cd and Cr were the most critical metals accumulated
in the blood of cigarette smokers. Additionally, the findings have indicated that the analysis
of blood serum samples can serve as a reliable indicator for establishing the association between
cigarette smoking and the presence of heavy metals.
A Facile Synthesis of Bimetallic Copper-Silver Nanocomposite and Their Application in Ascorbic Acid Detection
Authors: Murugan Ridhu Varshini , Sridharan Gokul , Atchudan Raji , Arya Sandeep , Nallaswamy Deepak , Sundramoorthy Ashok K.
Published: January 2024

Background:

An important antioxidant, ascorbic acid, must be detected in several
industrial samples collected from food, pharmaceuticals, and water treatment plants. Herein, we
reported a method to produce a bimetallic copper-silver (Cu-Ag) nanocomposite and used it in
the development of very sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for the detection of
ascorbic acid.

Methods:

A simple chemistry concept was used during the synthesis process to reduce the cost
while minimizing the use of dangerous chemicals and minimizing the environmental impact.
The Strobilanthes kunthiana leaves extract effectively reduced the copper and silver ions, resulting
in the creation of an extremely stable and evenly distributed Cu-Ag nanocomposite.

Results:

As-prepared bimetallic Cu-Ag nanocomposite exhibited outstanding electrochemical
activity against ascorbic acid oxidation. The nanocomposite was examined using field emission
scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), elemental
mapping (EMap) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) to ascertain its composition, structure,
and stability. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV), the electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite
and also the detection of ascorbic acid were carried out. The bimetallic Cu-Ag nanocomposite
also exhibited better long-term stability and fouling resistance, making it appropriate for
use in real-world applications and complex sample matrices.

Conclusion:

The bimetallic Cu-Ag nanocomposite coated electrode was used to detect the concentration
of ascorbic acid by amperometry. As a result, this study offered a simple chemical
method for creating a bimetallic copper-silver nanocomposite with superior electrochemical
qualities for the accurate detection of ascorbic acid.
Comparison of Clinical Trial Results of the Recently Approved
Immunotherapeutic Drugs for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers
Authors: Das Samayita
Published: January 2024

The recently approved immunotherapeutic drugs are Keytruda (pembrolizumab) and
Imfinzi (durvalumab) for advanced biliary tract cancers that inhibit PD-1 receptor and PD-L1
ligand, respectively. In this perspective, the results of the two clinical trials, i.e., TOPAZ-1
(NCT03875235) and KEYNOTE-966 (NCT04003636), are critically appraised, compared, and
discussed to assess the benefits of these two drugs in the context of the treatment of advanced
biliary tract cancers with a focus on PD-L1 status and MIS (microsatellite instability) status and
therapy responsiveness in the subgroups. Analyzing the PD-L2 status in biliary tract cancer
patients can aid in assessing the prognostic value of PD-L2 expression in determining the clinical
response and this may aid in appropriate patient stratification.
Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.), Pharmacological and Phytochemical Activities
of Neglected Legume of the Mediterranean Basin, as Functional Food
Authors: Shahrajabian Mohamad Hesam , Sun Wenli
Published: January 2024

Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) has been widely cultivated in different parts of the
world, particularly in the Mediterranean region, and the tree belongs to the family Leguminosae.
Several studies have indicated that carobs and their products can improve human health and help
prevent different specific chronic diseases. Carob can considered as functional food due to its
high content in dietary fibers, low-fat content, and high content of minerals. Its fruit is a pod
containing 10%-20% seeds, and the pods consist of sugars, proteins, crude fibers, minerals,
vitamins, polyphenols, vitamins, and lipids. In many countries in the Middle east, carob is
mainly used to prepare as a traditional drink and some kinds of confectioneries. The powders can
be utilized to prepare carob juice concentrate. The systematic review of documents from clinical
trials and scientific societies dedicated to traditional medicine in China has been carried out. The
goal of this review article is a survey of chemical compounds, and pharmaceutical benefits of
carob, especially by considering traditional medicinal sciences. Moreover, clinical trials research
promotes studies to highlight and focus on the scope of application of traditional medicinal
science in the growing system of medicine.
Nanoparticles Perspective in Skin Tissue Engineering: Current Concepts and Future Outlook
Authors: Kaviani Maryam , Geramizadeh Bita
Published: January 2024

Nanotechnology seems to provide solutions to the unresolved complications in skin tissue
engineering. According to the broad function of nanoparticles, this review article is intended
to build a perspective for future success in skin tissue engineering. In the present review, recent
studies were reviewed, and essential benefits and challenging issues regarding the application of
nanoparticles in skin tissue engineering were summarized. Previous studies indicated that nanoparticles
can play essential roles in the improvement of engineered skin. Bio-inspired design of an engineered
skin structure first needs to understand the native tissue and mimic that in laboratory conditions.
Moreover, a fundamental comprehension of the nanoparticles and their related effects on
the final structure can guide researchers in recruiting appropriate nanoparticles. Attention to essential
details, including the designation of nanoparticle type according to the scaffold, how to prepare
the nanoparticles, and what concentration to use, is critical for the application of nanoparticles
to become a reality. In conclusion, nanoparticles were applied to promote scaffold characteristics
and angiogenesis, improve cell behavior, provide antimicrobial conditions, and cell tracking.
Stratified Mucin-Producing Intraepithelial Lesion of the Cervix in an
HPV-16 Positive Woman: A Rare Encounter
Authors: Kumar Naina , Mangla Mishu , Palo Seetu , Gabbeta Spandana , Aparna J.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women globally
and has a strong association with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Stratified mucinproducing
intraepithelial lesion (SMILE), a variant of Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), is a rare
cervical precancer lesion that is often missed or detected incidentally.

Case Presentation:

The present case report briefs the finding of a 39-year-old woman who presented
to the gynecological outpatient department with complaints of vaginal discharge for 6-8
months. She had no history of irregular menstrual cycles or postcoital bleeding. Her routine Pap
smear revealed atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and was positive
for HPV-16 type. Her cervical biopsy report revealed AIS and her histopathological report of
hysterectomy revealed SMILE, a variant of AIS.

Discussion:

The SMILE variant of AIS is a rare cervical precancerous lesion characterized by
the morphological overlap of both squamous intraepithelial lesions and AIS. It is often difficult
to diagnose on Pap smear and is commonly associated with high-risk HPV infections. The management
of SMILE is the same as that for AIS, which is the excisional procedure followed by a
hysterectomy if the margins are negative and depending on the fertility desires of the patient,
followed by regular follow-up with HPV testing.

Conclusion:

SMILE is a rare variant of AIS, which is often missed on cytological screening of
the cervix. It is commonly associated with high-risk types of HPV. Hence, incorporating HPV
testing in the screening of cervical cancer is important and recommended to increase the overall
sensitivity of screening for adenocarcinoma lesions.
Application of Nanocomposites and Nanoparticles in Treating
Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Fatima Javeria , Siddique Yasir Hasan
Published: January 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases represent a formidable global health challenge, affecting millions
and imposing substantial burdens on healthcare systems worldwide. Conditions, like Alzheimer's,
Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, among others, share common characteristics, such as
neuronal loss, misfolded protein aggregation, and nervous system dysfunction. One of the major obstacles
in treating these diseases is the presence of the blood-brain barrier, limiting the delivery of
therapeutic agents to the central nervous system. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions to
overcome these challenges. In Alzheimer's disease, NPs loaded with various compounds have
shown remarkable promise in preventing amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation and reducing neurotoxicity.
Parkinson's disease benefits from improved dopamine delivery and neuroprotection. Huntington's
disease poses its own set of challenges, but nanotechnology continues to offer innovative solutions.
The promising developments in nanoparticle-based interventions for neurodegenerative diseases,
like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS), have offered new avenues for
effective treatment. Nanotechnology represents a promising frontier in biomedical research, offering
tailored solutions to the complex challenges posed by neurodegenerative diseases. While much progress
has been made, ongoing research is essential to optimize nanomaterial designs, improve targeting,
and ensure biocompatibility and safety. Nanomaterials possess unique properties that make
them excellent candidates for targeted drug delivery and neuroprotection. They can effectively bypass
the blood-brain barrier, opening doors to precise drug delivery strategies. This review explores
the extensive research on nanoparticles (NPs) and nanocomposites in diagnosing and treating neurodegenerative
disorders. These nanomaterials exhibit exceptional abilities to target neurodegenerative
processes and halt disease progression.
Phenolic Bisabolane Sesquiterpene Derivatives from an Arctic Marine-derived
Fungus Aspergillus sydowii MNP-2
Authors: Fu Zhiyang , Gong Xiangzhou , Hu Zhe , Zhao Yujie , Zhang Huawei
Published: January 2024

Background::

Filamentous fungi in the genus Aspergillus are well known for their important
roles in production of bioactive secondary metabolites with diversely chemical structures and
potential application in pharmaceutical industry.

Objective::

The present study aimed to investigate the phenolic bisabolane sesquiterpene (PBS) derivatives
from an Arctic marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sydowii MNP-2.

Methods::

In this study, antimicrobial activities were carried out according to the broth microdilution
assay, nitric oxide (NO) production in mouse macrophages (RAW264.7) and BV2 microglial cells
was used to detect the inhibitory effect of compounds in inflammatory reactions, and in vitro inhibitory
cell proliferation activity was determined by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay.

Results::

In this work, chemical investigation of an Arctic marine-derived strain A. sydowii MNP-2
led to the isolation of 11 PBSs (1-11) using various chromatographic methods. Their chemical structures
were unambiguously determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry analyses as
well as comparison with literature data. It is noteworthy that compounds 1, 7 and 11 were firstly
obtained from A. sydowii. Antimicrobial assay showed that these chemicals had no potent inhibitory
effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans with MIC values > 16
μg/mL. Additionally, the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-
induced inflammation in mouse macrophages (RAW264.7) and BV2 microglial cells were all below
10% for compounds 4-6 and 8, indicating almost negligible anti-inflammatory efficacy. Among the
tested compounds 4-6 and 8 for tumor-cell proliferation inhibition activities, compound 5 demonstrated
the strongest inhibitory effect against human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-6) with
a 44.76% inhibition rate.

Conclusion::

In the present study, 11 PBS derivatives were purified and characterized from the solidand
liquid-state fermentations of the Arctic marine-derived fungus A. sydowii MNP-2. Unfortunately,
none of these metabolites had significant antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, or tumor-cell proliferation
inhibition activities.
QbD Assisted Optimization of Microwave-assisted Synthesis of
Polyacrylamide Grafted Tragacanth: Characterization and Instrumental
Analysis
Authors: Namballa Mahesh , Adimulapu Anilkumar , Jesudasan Rajesh E
Published: January 2024

Background:

Polysaccharides have recently attracted a lot of attention in the designing of drug delivery systems due to their wide availability, lack of toxicity, and numerous ways that their nature, structure, and functionality can be altered.

Methods:

Microwave-assisted synthesis of graft copolymer of tragacanth (TRA) is done with poly-acrylamide (PAM) by free radical polymerization using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as initiator. Grafting polymer concentration, CAN concentration, and exposure time were selected as independent variables, and their effect is studied for Grafting Efficiency (GE) and Intrinsic viscosity (IV) using Box-Behnken optimization design.

Results:

A quadratic model was suggested by the software for further statistical evaluation. On the basis of the desirability approach, optimized parameters for microwave-assisted synthesis were demon-strated, and further grafted TRA (Gr-TRA) was synthesized. Gr-TRA was studied for various charac-terization and elemental analysis. Gr-TRA showed the highest swelling index and least weight loss during the chemical resistance test. Further instrumental analyses like FTIR, XRD, and elemental anal-ysis confirmed the formation of Gr-TRA.

Conclusion:

Based on all of the above findings, the synthesis of PAM-grafted TRA has been optimized and could be used as a new pharmaceutical excipient in designing different dosage forms.
A Review on Osteoarthritis and its Eradication Approaches: An Update
Authors: Pandey Prasoon , Singh Ritika , Srivastava Shefali , Mishra Manoj Kumar
Published: January 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease characterized by degeneration of cartilage or wear and
tear. OA is a cause of disability and health issues. It is a disease that affects more than 500 million
adults annually worldwide, of which India accounts for about 22 to 39% of OA patients.
The most common type of osteoarthritis is knee OA. Pathogenesis of OA requires evolution in
basic science and clinical research to enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis and as well
as different treatment options. It is mainly classified as primary and secondary OA. The treatment
for OA can only reduce the symptoms and cannot cure the disease itself, including pharmacological
treatment, like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acting on COX1
(cyclooxygenase 1) and COX2 (cyclooxygenase 2) enzymes. Non-pharmacological treatments
for OA include exercise like walking, and aerobic exercise, diet, weight loss, hot and cold therapy,
as well as electrotherapy, which improves muscle strength and decreases joint pain. Surgical
treatment is the last treatment option for OA patients, which includes arthroscopy and joint
replacement therapy. Thus, necessary precautions should be taken for joints to be healthy and
disease-free.
Efflux-mediated Multidrug Resistance in Critical Gram-negative Bacteria
and Natural Efflux Pump Inhibitors
Authors: Nanjan Praveena , Bose Vanitha
Published: January 2024

Multidrug Resistance mechanisms in microorganisms confer the slackness of the
existing drugs, leading to added difficulty in treating infections. As a consequence, efficient
novel drugs and innovative therapies to treat MDR infections are necessarily required. One of
the primary contributors to the emergence of multidrug resistance in gram-negative bacteria has
been identified as the efflux pumps. These transporter efflux pumps reduce the intracellular
concentration of antibiotics and aid bacterial survival in suboptimal low antibiotic concentration
environments that may cause treatment failure. The reversal of this resistance via inhibition of
the efflux mechanism is a promising method for increasing the effectiveness of antibiotics
against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Such EPI, in combination with antibiotics, can make it
easier to reintroduce traditional antibiotics into clinical practice. This review mostly examines
efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in critical gram-negative bacterial pathogens and EPI of
plant origin that have been reported over previous decades.
Network Security and Cryptography: Threats, Obstacles and Solutions - A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Singh Purushottam , Dutta Sandip , Pranav Prashant
Published: January 2024

Background:

In the wake of escalating cyber threats and the indispensability of robust
network security mechanisms, it becomes crucial to understand the evolving landscape of
cryptographic research. Recognizing the significant contributions and discerning emerging
trends can guide future strategies and technological advancements. Our study endeavors to
shed light on this through a bibliometric analysis of publications in the realms of Network Security
and Cryptography.

Method:

To chronicle and synthesize the progression of research methodologies from their inception
to the present day, we undertook a comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis of Network
Security and Cryptography. Our data set was culled from the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science
Database, encompassing 3,897 papers, 603 sources, and 7,886 authors from across the
globe.

Results:

Our analysis revealed a marked upsurge in cryptographic research since 1992, with
China standing out as a dominant contributor in terms of publications. Notably, while 'security'
and 'cryptography' emerged as recurrent research themes, there's an observable downtrend in
international collaborations. Our study also highlights pivotal topics shaping the network security
domain, offering insights into the trajectories of research source growth, structural variabilities
in research relevance, and prospective intellectual and collaborative avenues as guided by
authorship patterns.

Conclusion:

Cryptographic research is on an upward trajectory, both in volume and significance.
However, the tapering of international collaborations and an evident need to concentrate
on emergent challenges, such as data privacy and innovative network attacks, emerge as notable
insights. This bibliometric review serves as a compass, directing researchers and academicians
towards areas warranting heightened attention, thereby informing the roadmap for future
investigative pursuits.
COVID-19 Vaccines: A Comprehensive Review of Development, Action
Mechanisms, and Global Implications
Authors: Rajbahadur Yadav Sandhya , Chougule Pushpalata
Published: January 2024

:

The fast spread of SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus pandemic virus, across the world presents
a significant population health dilemma. Various protective measures were adopted to address
this worldwide health crisis, and among those, the production of vaccines is of paramount importance.
This review focuses on the prominent vaccines developed against the pandemic virus during
the ongoing worldwide outbreak. The mechanisms of action for each vaccine resemble that of
Pfizer's comirnaty in the United States of America, Moderna vaccine in the United States of America,
and AstraZeneca's adenovirus-based vaccine developed by the UK's Oxford-based university.
The demand for vaccines to counter pandemic corona virus, the pathogen behind COVID-19, is imperative.
These vaccines, including those from Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and AstraZeneca, are
poised to play a pivotal role in addressing the urgent global need. This review seeks to offer an allencompassing
perspective of the COVID-19 pandemic, including its epidemiology, transmission,
advancements in treatment, vaccines, as well as the genetic variability and life cycle of the pandemic
coronavirus, relying on the latest research in conjunction with available data.
Effects of Smoking Habits on Omega-3 Food Intake in Adults
Authors: Lorensia Amelia , Aditama I Gede Agus Sindhu , Suryadinata Rivan Virlando , Raharjo Dian Natasya
Published: January 2024

Smoking habits have been shown to impact omega-3 food intake, and cigarette smoke can increase lipid peroxidation through the induction of oxidative stress.  Omega-3, an essential fatty acid, can be obtained through the consumption of fish, milk, eggs, and supplements. This cross-sectional research aimed to assess the relationship between omega-3 food intake and smoking habits. The research was conducted from March to June 2022 in Rungkut District, Surabaya, Indonesia. Data collected included the respondents’ quantities and frequency of consuming foods containing omega-3, namely fish, milk, and eggs. Additionally, the level of nicotine dependence among smokers was evaluated using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). The method for data analysis was the chi-square test. The total respondents in this study were 116 people, consisting of 41 smokers and 75 non-smokers. No significant differences were observed in the consumption patterns of omega-3-rich foods, including eggs, fish, and milk, between smokers and non-smokers (p > 0.01 for each food item). However, a significant difference was observed in the consumption of supplements containing omega-3 between the smoker and non-smoker groups (p < 0.005). However, the overall omega-3 intake did not exhibit a significant difference between smokers and non-smokers. Notably, a higher proportion of respondents who smoked reported consuming omega-3 supplements compared to the non-smoker group. Consequently, there is a need to conduct further research to identify the underlying factors that influence the habit of smokers toward consuming omega-3.
Augmenting K-Means Clustering With Qualitative Data to Discover the Engagement Patterns of Older Adults With Multimorbidity When Using Digital Health Technologies: Proof-of-Concept Trial
Authors: Sheng Yiyang , Bond Raymond , Jaiswal Rajesh , Dinsmore John , Doyle Julie
Published: January 2024

Background

Multiple chronic conditions (multimorbidity) are becoming more prevalent among aging populations. Digital health technologies have the potential to assist in the self-management of multimorbidity, improving the awareness and monitoring of health and well-being, supporting a better understanding of the disease, and encouraging behavior change.

Objective

The aim of this study was to analyze how 60 older adults (mean age 74, SD 6.4; range 65-92 years) with multimorbidity engaged with digital symptom and well-being monitoring when using a digital health platform over a period of approximately 12 months.

Methods

Principal component analysis and clustering analysis were used to group participants based on their levels of engagement, and the data analysis focused on characteristics (eg, age, sex, and chronic health conditions), engagement outcomes, and symptom outcomes of the different clusters that were discovered.

Results

Three clusters were identified: the typical user group, the least engaged user group, and the highly engaged user group. Our findings show that age, sex, and the types of chronic health conditions do not influence engagement. The 3 primary factors influencing engagement were whether the same device was used to submit different health and well-being parameters, the number of manual operations required to take a reading, and the daily routine of the participants. The findings also indicate that higher levels of engagement may improve the participants’ outcomes (eg, reduce symptom exacerbation and increase physical activity).

Conclusions

The findings indicate potential factors that influence older adult engagement with digital health technologies for home-based multimorbidity self-management. The least engaged user groups showed decreased health and well-being outcomes related to multimorbidity self-management. Addressing the factors highlighted in this study in the design and implementation of home-based digital health technologies may improve symptom management and physical activity outcomes for older adults self-managing multimorbidity.
An Environmental Uncertainty Perception Framework for Misinformation Detection and Spread Prediction in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Artificial Intelligence Approach
Authors: Lu Jiahui , Zhang Huibin , Xiao Yi , Wang Yingyu
Published: January 2024

Background

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, misinformation on social media has posed significant threats to public health. Detecting and predicting the spread of misinformation are crucial for mitigating its adverse effects. However, prevailing frameworks for these tasks have predominantly focused on post-level signals of misinformation, neglecting features of the broader information environment where misinformation originates and proliferates.

Objective

This study aims to create a novel framework that integrates the uncertainty of the information environment into misinformation features, with the goal of enhancing the model’s accuracy in tasks such as misinformation detection and predicting the scale of dissemination. The objective is to provide better support for online governance efforts during health crises.

Methods

In this study, we embraced uncertainty features within the information environment and introduced a novel Environmental Uncertainty Perception (EUP) framework for the detection of misinformation and the prediction of its spread on social media. The framework encompasses uncertainty at 4 scales of the information environment: physical environment, macro-media environment, micro-communicative environment, and message framing. We assessed the effectiveness of the EUP using real-world COVID-19 misinformation data sets.

Results

The experimental results demonstrated that the EUP alone achieved notably good performance, with detection accuracy at 0.753 and prediction accuracy at 0.71. These results were comparable to state-of-the-art baseline models such as bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM; detection accuracy 0.733 and prediction accuracy 0.707) and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT; detection accuracy 0.755 and prediction accuracy 0.728). Additionally, when the baseline models collaborated with the EUP, they exhibited improved accuracy by an average of 1.98% for the misinformation detection and 2.4% for spread-prediction tasks. On unbalanced data sets, the EUP yielded relative improvements of 21.5% and 5.7% in macro-F1-score and area under the curve, respectively.

Conclusions

This study makes a significant contribution to the literature by recognizing uncertainty features within information environments as a crucial factor for improving misinformation detection and spread-prediction algorithms during the pandemic. The research elaborates on the complexities of uncertain information environments for misinformation across 4 distinct scales, including the physical environment, macro-media environment, micro-communicative environment, and message framing. The findings underscore the effectiveness of incorporating uncertainty into misinformation detection and spread prediction, providing an interdisciplinary and easily implementable framework for the field.
Improvement of Cancer Prevention and Control: Reflection on the Role of Emerging Information Technologies
Authors: Dong Pei , Mao Ayan , Qiu Wuqi , Li Guanglin
Published: January 2024

Cancer has become an important public health problem affecting the health of Chinese residents, as well as residents all over the world. With the improvement of cancer prevention and treatment, the growth of the mortality rate of cancers has slowed down gradually, but the incidence rate is still increasing rapidly, and cancers still impose heavy disease and economic burdens. Cancer screening and early cancer diagnosis and treatment are important ways to reduce the burden of cancer-related diseases. At present, various projects for early cancer diagnosis and treatment have been implemented in China. With the expansion of the coverage of these projects, the problems related to project implementation, operation, and management have emerged gradually. In recent years, emerging information technologies have been applied in the field of health and have facilitated health management and clinical decision-making. Meanwhile, China announced multiple policies to encourage and promote the application of information technologies in the field of health. Therefore, combined with the analysis of major problems in cancer prevention and control projects, this paper probes into how to apply information technologies such as biological information mining, artificial intelligence, and electronic information collection technology to various stages of cancer prevention and control. Information technologies realize the integrated management of prevention and control processes, for example, mobilization and preliminary identification, high-risk assessment, clinical screening, clinical diagnosis and treatment, tracking and follow-up, and biological sample management of high-risk groups, and promote the efficient implementation of cancer prevention and control projects in China.
Tailored Self-Management App to Support Older Adults With Cancer and Multimorbidity: Development and Usability Testing
Authors: Sien Sang-Wha , Kobekyaa Francis Kyerepagr , Puts Martine , Currie Leanne , Tompson Margaret , Hedges Penelope , McGrenere Joanna , Mariano Caroline , Haase Kristen R
Published: January 2024

Background

Globally, cancer predominates in adults aged older than 60 years, and 70% of older adults have ≥1 chronic condition. Cancer self-management interventions can improve symptom management and confidence, but few interventions target the complex needs of older adults with cancer and multimorbidity. Despite growing evidence of digital health tools in cancer care, there is a paucity of theoretically grounded digital self-management supports for older adults. Many apps for older adults have not been co-designed with older adults to ensure that they are tailored to their specific needs, which would increase usability and uptake.

Objective

We aim to report on the user evaluations of a self- and symptom-management app to support older adults living with cancer and multimorbidity.

Methods

This study used Grey’s self-management framework, a design thinking approach, and involved older adults with lived experiences of cancer to design a medium-fidelity app prototype. Older adults with cancer or caregivers were recruited through community organizations or support groups to participate in co-designing or evaluations of the app. Data from interviews were iteratively integrated into the design process and analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analyses.

Results

In total, 15 older adults and 3 caregivers (n=18) participated in this study: 10 participated (8 older adults and 2 caregivers) in the design of the low-fidelity prototype, and 10 evaluated (9 older adults and 1 caregiver) the medium-fidelity prototype (2 older adults participated in both phases). Participants emphasized the importance of tracking functions to make sense of information across physical symptoms and psychosocial aspects; a clear display; and the organization of notes and reminders to communicate with care providers. Participants also emphasized the importance of medication initiation or cessation reminders to mitigate concerns related to polypharmacy.

Conclusions

This app has the potential to support the complex health care needs of older adults with cancer, creating a “home base” for symptom management and support. The findings from this study will position the researchers to conduct feasibility testing and real-world implementation.
Phase Angle and Impedance Ratio as Indicators of Physical Function and Fear of Falling in Older Adult Women: Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Sterner Danielle A , Stout Jeffrey R , Lafontant Kworweinski , Park Joon-Hyuk , Fukuda David H , Thiamwong Ladda
Published: January 2024

Background

Older adults experience a significant decline in muscle integrity and function with aging. Early detection of decreased muscle quality can pave the way for interventions to mitigate the progression of age-related physical declines. Phase angle (PhA) and impedance ratio (IR) are measures of muscle integrity, which can be assessed quickly via bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and may be indicative of physical function.

Objective

This study aimed to characterize the relationships among handgrip strength (HGS), sit-to-stand (STS), BTrackS balance scores, fear of falling (evaluated using the Short Falls Efficacy Scale–International [Short FES-I]), and IR among community-dwelling older adult women classified as having a low or high PhA.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis was conducted with 85 older women (mean age 75.0, SD 7.2 years; mean weight 71.0, SD 15.0 kg; mean height 162.6, SD 6.1 cm). To examine the influence of PhA on performance measures, participants were divided into 2 PhA groups: high (>4.1°; n=56) and low (≤4.1°; n=29). Data were nonnormative; hence, the Mann-Whitney U test was used to evaluate between-group differences, and Kendall τ coefficients were used to determine the partial correlations.

Results

The low PhA group had a significantly higher IR (mean 0.85, SD 0.03) than the high PhA group (mean 0.81, SD 0.03; r=.92; P<.001). The high PhA group had superior HGS (mean 21.4, SD 6.2 kg; P=.007; r=0.36), BTrackS balance scores (mean 26.6, SD 9.5 cm; P=.03; r=0.30), and STS scores (mean 16.0, SD 5.5; P<.001; r=0.49) than the low PhA group (mean HGS 17.6, SD 4.7 kg; mean BTrackS balance score 37.1, SD 21.1 cm; mean STS score 10.7, SD 6.2). Both PhA and IR were significantly correlated with HGS and BTrackS balance, STS, and Short FES-I scores (P<.05). However, on adjusting for the whole sample’s age, only PhA was strongly correlated with HGS (τb=0.75; P=.003) and STS scores (τb=0.76; P=.002). Short FES-I scores were moderately correlated with IR (τb=0.46; P=.07) after controlling for age. No significant between-group differences were observed for height, weight, or BMI.

Conclusions

PhA and IR are associated with physical function and the fear of falling in older women. However, only PhA was significantly associated with physical function (HGS and STS) independent of age. Conversely, only IR was significantly associated with the fear of falling. Diminished physical function and increased IR appear to be characteristics of older women with a PhA of ≤4.1°. These findings suggest that PhA and IR measured through BIA together may serve as a valuable tool for early identification of older women at the risk of functional decline and a heightened fear of falling.
Global Trends in the Incidence of Anxiety Disorders From 1990 to 2019: Joinpoint and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis Study (Preprint)
Authors: Cao Huiru , Wu Yang , Yin Hui , Sun Yanqi , Yuan Hui , Tao Mengjun
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Anxiety disorders (ADs) are the most common mental illness with high prevalence, chronicity, and comorbidity. Despite rapid economic and cultural development, the global incidence of ADs continues to increase, with predominance in male individuals.

OBJECTIVE

To address the above issues, we analyzed the dynamic trends of the global incidence and disease burden of ADs from 1990 to 2019 and their different effects on age, period, and birth cohort and predicted the future trend of AD incidence.

METHODS

The data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease study in 2019. A joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the annual percent change in AD incidence, and age-period-cohort analysis was used to estimate the independent effects of age, period, and cohort. Nordpred age-period-cohort analysis was used to predict the incidence of ADs from 2020 to 2044.

RESULTS

The age-standardized incidence rate of ADs increased by 1.06% for both sexes, and the age-standardized disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rate (ASDR) decreased by 0.12%. Joinpoint regression indicated that increments in average annual percent changes in the age-standardized incidence rate (0.068 vs 0.012) and ASDR (0.035 vs –0.015) for ADs globally were higher among male individuals than female individuals. The age-period-cohort analyses revealed that the relative risk (RR) of the incidence and DALYs of ADs among people of different sexes increased with age in adolescence and middle age and then decreased. For the period effect, the RR of incidence decreased, whereas the RR of DALYs increased in both sexes. Moreover, the RR of the incidence gradually increased and DALYs slowly decreased with birth year for both male and female individuals. New cases of ADs in male individuals are predicted to increase in the coming 25 years.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provided the changing trend of the global incidence and disease burden of ADs in the past 3 decades, indicating that early prevention and effective control cannot be ignored. We analyzed the age-period-cohort effect of potential trends in ADs and predicted future incidence trends. The results suggest that we should take active intervention measures, focusing on high-risk groups and developing effective management and control policies to reduce the global burden of disease.
The Impact of the Ecosystem on Health Literacy Among Rural Communities in Protected Areas: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Abd Kadir Nor Aziah , Azzeri Amirah , Jaafar Hafiz , Mohd Noor Mohd Iqbal , Kefeli Zurina
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Protected areas are crucial for the maintenance of human health and well-being. They aim to preserve biodiversity and natural resources to secure various ecosystem services that are beneficial to human health. Their ecological characteristics can influence local health literacy. Typically, communities surrounding protected areas have limited economic opportunities due to restriction policies to protect the ecosystem, resulting in socioeconomic disparities. The local community faces obstacles in gaining access to health care facilities and health information due to these limitations. It is difficult for them to locate, comprehend, and apply information and services to make better health-related decisions for themselves and others.

OBJECTIVE

This study protocol examines the impact of the ecosystem on health literacy among rural communities in protected areas.

METHODS

This study comprises 5 phases. In phase 1, we conduct a systematic review to identify the issue of health literacy in protected areas. In phase 2, we will collect data from stakeholders in a protected area of Pahang National Park and analyze the results using Net-Map analysis. In phase 3, we will conduct a survey among the adult community in Pahang National Park related to health literacy, socioeconomic status, health expenditure, and quality of life. In phase 4, informed by the results of the survey, we will determine suitable intervention programs to improve health literacy through a focus group discussion. Finally, in phase 5, we will conduct a costing analysis to analyze which intervention program is the most cost-effective.

RESULTS

This study was funded by Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) and strategic research partnership grants, and enrollment is ongoing. The first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2024.

CONCLUSIONS

This is one of the first studies to explore health literacy among rural communities in protected areas and will provide the first insights into the overall level of health literacy in the protected community, potential determinants, and a suitable intervention program with expected cost analysis. The results can be used to promote health literacy in other protected areas and populations.

CLINICALTRIAL

International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Registry ISRCTN40626062; http://tinyurl.com/4kjxuwk5

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/51851
Efficacy of a Digital Therapeutic Intervention for Generalised Anxiety Disorder: A Pre-Post Study (Preprint)
Authors: Janapureddy Ravindranath , Koffler Yosef , Chew Jowinn , Frings Daniel , Gummuluri Krishna Swetha
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Generalised Anxiety Disorder(GAD) is estimated to affect 1 in 8 people in the UK seeking help from their GP in primary care; where treatment options may either be unacceptable to patients (e.g. medication) or may be delayed (e.g. psychotherapy delivered through NHS Talking Therapy services). These barriers leave an important treatment gap that may be filled by Digital Mental Health Interventions, offering immediate, evidence-based care.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and user acceptability and safety of the Resony Anxiety app, a digital therapeutic intervention for individuals with self-reported anxiety using a pre-post study design.

METHODS

A total of 86 UK-based participants were recruited and underwent a 6-week intervention using the Resony Anxiety app as a standalone unguided intervention. Primary and secondary outcome measures included the GAD-7 and DASS-21 questionnaires.

RESULTS

The participants reported a significant reduction in anxiety of 3.27 points on the GAD-7 after six weeks, with continued improvement during the follow-up period. The effect size was medium for GAD-7 and small for DASS-21 as measured using Hedge’s g. Qualitative feedback indicated that 95% of participants enjoyed using the app, and 64% found it effective in managing their anxiety. 77% of the participants would recommend the app to a friend or family member with anxiety.

CONCLUSIONS

This study indicates that the Resony Anxiety app is effective and safe in reducing anxiety in adults. Future studies with larger samples and more robust experimental designs, such as randomised controlled trials, are needed to confirm these initial promising findings.