bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MBO-DeBERTa : High Performance Fake Review Detection using pretrained DeBERTa Optimized with Monarch Butterfly paradigm
Authors: S Geetha , E Elakiya , R Sujithra @ Kanmani , Das Manas Kamal
Published: December 2024

In this era of internet, e-commerce has grown tremendously and the customers are increasingly relying on reviews for product information. As these reviews influence the purchasing ability of the future customer, it can give a positive or negative impact on the businesses. The effectiveness of online reviews is compromised by fake reviews that provide false information about the product. Fake reviews can not only impact the reputation of the businesses but also involve financial losses. Thus, detection of fake reviews is essential to solve the problem for maintaining the integrity of online reviews. Existing Machine learning models often struggle with deep contextual understanding. Scaling machine learning models while maintaining accuracy and efficiency becomes increasingly challenging as the volume of online reviews continues to grow. Hence, this research work introduces a novel MBO-DeBERTa ,a deep neural network with Monarch Butterfly Optimizer. The proposed model improves the capacity to differentiate between overlapping characteristics of fake and authentic reviews. MBO-DeBERTa attained a classification accuracy of 98% for detecting the fake reviews. The proposed framework is tested on three different datasets such as Amazon, Fake Review and Deceptive Opinion Spam containing 21000,40000 and 1600 reviews respectively which are publicly available in Kaggle. The results show that the suggested model outperforms the current models showing increased accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score and reduced loss rate.
Development of Zn–22Al–xAg filler metals for Brazing 6061 aluminum alloy to T2 copper
Authors: Li Xintao , Zhai Yunlong , Liu Mingyang , Wang Xiu , Wang Tianguo
Published: December 2024

To obtain Cu/Al brazing materials with better overall performances, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electrochemical testing were used to analyze the influences of trace Ag elements on the microstructure and properties of Zn − 22Al − xAg filler metals. The results show that the liquid phase temperature of Zn − 22Al − xAg is about 450°C, and the trace addition of the Ag element has little effect on the melting point of the filler metal. When the Ag content was varied from 0 − 1.2 wt.%, the reticulated eutectic crystals in the microstructure of as − cast Zn − 22Al − xAg gradually began to connect to form a larger reticulated structure, and the phenomenon of grain − boundary aggregation became more and more obvious in the extruded-state alloy. In addition, when the Ag content was 0.8 wt.%, the spreading area of the filler metal on the Cu plate increased by 30.45% compared with that without Ag. After brazing, the thickness of the compounds in the interfacial layer along the filler metals/Cu decreased significantly, the shape of the compounds was more regular, and the shear strength of the brazed joints reached the maximum value of 40.08 MPa, but the corrosion resistance of the filler metal was slightly decreased compared with that of the Zn-22Al at the same time.
New Approaches to Measurement and Analysis of Population Aging in Twenty-First Century Brazil
Authors: Gonçalves Anderson , Alves Luciana Correia
Published: December 2024

New ways of conceptualizing age and measuring aging have been proposed by Scherbov and Sanderson (2016) for developed countries. This article aims to measure and analyze the aging of the Brazilian population by combining traditional measures with these new approaches. Indicators were calculated based on the concepts of chronological age, prospective age, and relative age. In the application of the prospective approach, data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) for Brazil and its five regions (1980–2060) were used; while in the characteristics approach, data from the Longitudinal Study on the Health of the Brazilian Elderly for the year 2015 were used. The results based on the prospective approach indicate an aging at a slower pace than the one projected by traditional measures. In addition, it is verified that some regions of the country are in a more advanced process of population aging. In the case of the characteristics approach, the results support that the populations of the North and Northeast regions have a more accelerated aging process than the national average.
The relationship between frailty and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in Chinese older adults: the mediating effect of lipid accumulation products
Authors: Kang Zhoucheng , Ye Yongli , Xiao Hao , Liu Lingling
Published: December 2024

Background
Previous studies have proven the relationship between frailty and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). However, the potential mechanisms need to be further explored. This study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of lipid accumulation products (LAP) in the relationship between frailty and MACCE.
Methods
This study recruited 7901 participants aged 45 and above from wave 2011 and 2018 of the China Longitudinal Study of Health and Retirement (CHARLS). Logistic regression models were employed to examine the relationship between frailty and MACCE and the mediating effects of LAP, using the bootstrap method to confirm path effects.
Results
Frailty group presented the highest risk of MACCE (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03–1.10). Frailty directly impacted MACCE (β = 0.045, P = 0.007). Frailty had a significant effect on LAP (β = 12.21, P < 0.01), while LAP had a significant impact on MACCE (β = 11.14, p = 0.014). The mediation effect of LAP accounted for 1.7% of the total effect regarding the frailty with MACCE.
Conclusion
LAP mediate the relationship between frailty and MACCE. Our findings suggest that instructing frailty patients to have a reasonable diet and exercise to control LAP at a low level may be an effective measure to reduce MACCE.
Assessment of Rhizosphere Mycobiome Associated with some Medicinal Plants Growing in Kashmir Himalayas
Authors: Mansoor Mansoor Ahmad Malik , Ahmad Nusrat , Bhat Mohd Yaqub , wani Abdul Hamid
Published: December 2024

The world of microorganisms has been divided into four main groups based on their importance to human life: therapeutically useful, those related to agriculture, dairy-related products, extremophiles, and industrially important microorganisms. This is because both the world of microorganisms and their isolation are too wide. The isolation and maintenance of pure cultures is a requirement for studying the biochemistry and physiology of microbes. The objective of the study was to identify and isolate rhizospheric soil fungi of medicinal plants that grow in the Kashmir Himalayas, especially Valeriana jatamonsi Jones, Lavatera cashmeriana L., and Artemisia absinthium L. The saprophytic and pathogenic fungi isolated were identified on the basis of cultural characteristics on different cultural media and morphological and microscopic characteristics. These fungi belong to Oomycetes, Zygomycetes, and Ascomycetes. Twenty eight fungal species, viz. Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. flavipes, A. terreus, A. fumigatus, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, F. acutatum, Pencillium chrysogenum, P. citrinum, P. expansum, P. lanosum, Chaetomium globosum, Alternaria alternata, A. solani, Rhizopus stolonifer, Paecilomyces victoriae, Mucor mucedo, Phytophthora cryptogea, Cladosporium cladosporioides, C. sphaerospermum, Curvularia lunata, Trichoderma harzanium, T. aureoviride, T. koningi, T. pseudokoningi, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, and Trichothecium roseum were isolated. Some of the novel fungi can be used for their antibiotic or antibacterial properties against pathogenic fungi, and the study will be useful in the crucial discovery of soil-based fungi associated to other medicinal plants.
Prefabricated 3D-printed full-arch implant for functional and esthetic rehabilitation: A prosthesis-integrated drill guide solution
Authors: Bai Hao , Wu Wenyan , Ge Xuejun , Wang Zhen
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This study presents a detailed digital workflow for a prefabricated, 3D-printed full-arch fixed implant system, integrating an interim prosthesis with a full or pilot hole drill implant guide. The aim is to offer a precise and efficient protocol for immediate full-arch implant loading, improving both functional and esthetic outcomes.
Methods: A systematic, step-by-step protocol was developed using digital simulation and virtual design to fabricate prefabricated prostheses. These prostheses, in conjunction with surgical drill templates, enable immediate functional and esthetic loading. The integration of the provisional restoration with the drill guide reduces discrepancies in prosthesis repositioning during resin injection to secure the pre-cut temporary cylinders.
Conclusions: This digital approach provides an accurate and cost-effective solution for immediate full-arch implant loading. By minimizing repositioning errors and streamlining digital workflows, it enhances precision and clinical outcomes for full-arch rehabilitation.
Physical Drivers of the November 2023 Heatwave in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Ivanovich Catherine C. , Sobel Adam H. , Horton Radley M. , Nunes Ana M. B. , Rocha Rosmeri Porfírio , Camargo Suzana J.
Published: December 2024

As extreme heat has not historically been a major hazard for the city of Rio de Janeiro, the November 2023 Heatwave magnitude and timing were staggering. Here we conduct a case study of reanalysis data and high-resolution projections to explore the event drivers and characterize the evolving extreme heat risk in Rio de Janeiro. The heatwave was associated with atmospheric blocking, potentially linked to the 2023-24 El Niño event. Soil moisture declines increased surface sensible heat flux, and elevated sea surface temperatures reduced coastal cooling. The heatwave was preceded by weeks of suppressed precipitation and terminated by rain onset. We also find a significant historical increase in the frequency of high heat days throughout Brazil and a lengthening of the heat season in Rio de Janeiro. The frequency of the city’s austral spring heat extremes is expected to increase further in the future, highly dependent upon our future emissions pathway.
Evaluating AI-Generated Information for Endodontic and Restorative Dental Treatment: A Comparative Study with Standard Patient Education Methods
Authors: Islam Shahid
Published: December 2024

Background:
The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in patient education has the potential to enhance patient understanding and reduce anxiety during dental treatment procedures. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of AI-generated educational content compared to traditional methods in endodontic and restorative dentistry. Furthermore, it investigated the impact of AI-generated information on patient comprehension, anxiety levels, and trust, as well as expert evaluations of its accuracy and comprehensiveness.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted at a college associated dental hospital. Forty-eight patients undergoing endodontic or restorative procedures were randomly divided into two groups: AI-generated patient education using ChatGPT (Group A) and traditional patient education via verbal and written materials (Group B). Patient satisfaction with clarity, usefulness, comprehensiveness, trust, and anxiety levels was assessed using a Likert scale survey. Additionally, three dental experts evaluated the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the AI-generated content. Data were analysed using independent t-tests and Cohen’s kappa for inter-rater reliability.
Results:
AI-generated content significantly outperformed traditional education across all parameters. Mean scores were higher in Group A for clarity (4.42 vs. 3.25), usefulness (4.63 vs. 3.50), comprehensiveness (4.50 vs. 3.29), and trust (4.00 vs. 2.96) (p < 0.001). Patients in the AI group reported lower anxiety levels (2.63 vs. 3.38) (p < 0.001). Experts also rated AI-generated information as more accurate and comprehensive, with high inter-rater reliability (κ = 0.75, p < 0.001).
Conclusions:
AI-generated content offers clear, comprehensive, and reliable patient education, reducing patient anxiety compared to standard conventional methods. These findings suggest that AI-backed platforms like ChatGPT could play an important role in enhancing patient communication in dental care.
A Comparison of Routine [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 Preparation using Locametz and Illuccix Kits
Authors: Wang Ivan E. , Morrissette Luke J. , Wong Ka Kit , Brooks Allen F. , Dakanali Marianna , Scott Peter J. H.
Published: December 2024

Background Approval of Locametz and Illuccix kits for the manufacture of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 (gallium Ga68 gozetotide), a PET imaging agent for prostate cancer, as well as the corresponding therapeutic ([177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 Pluvicto), has led to a rapid increase in demand for [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET imaging. Radiopharmaceutical manufacturers, using 68Ge/68Ga generators, may decide to adopt Locametz and/or Illuccix kits, which requires a comparison to select the most suitable kit for day-to-day use. The objective of this article is to compare both kits and provide guidance for selecting one for routine use, as well as evaluate labeling consistency of both kits during routine production. Additionally, we report our experience during 1.5 years of daily [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 production at our facility using both kits.Results Locametz (n = 181) and Illuccix (n = 256) kits were prepared using non-silicone coated and silicone-coated needles with 68Ga activities ranging from 0.53 to 3.16 GBq, with a failure rate of 1 in 128 runs for both kits. With Locametz, a 3.7 GBq generator and 10-min incubation at room temperature gave doses that passed quality control (QC) testing. Use of non-silicone coated needles in the process led to solution discoloration, and QC failure. Additionally, lack of vial inversion led to inconsistent labeling, which improved with subsequent vial agitation. For Illuccix, addition of the acetate buffer to the precursor vial prior to adding the [68Ga]GaCl3 simplifies the workflow. The maximum tolerated activity was 1.85 GBq. Lack of vial inversion led to failures, which were rectified by agitating the vial to properly incorporate the acetate solution with the generator eluate.Conclusions Both kits benefited from using a syringe pump to elute the 68Ge/68Ga generator, vial agitation, and longer length/smaller bore silicone coated needles. Both kits have similar workflows, comparable QC outcomes, and result in equivalent clinical images. Thus, the decision between kits will ultimately be determined on production preferences. Since radiopharmacies have an established “kit-based” workflow, Locametz kits with higher allowed activities and longer shelf-life may offer benefits. Conversely, more traditional PET manufacturing facilities might benefit from using Illuccix kits due to compatibility with cyclotron-produced [68Ga]GaCl3 allowing for kit batching. Ultimately, the commercial availability of 2 approved kits for production of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET has facilitated ready access to this important new imaging agent.
Analysis of Water Inflows and Withdrawals at the Bagré Dam within the Energy-Water-Food Nexus
Authors: Oueadrogo Yasmina , Yamegueu Daniel , TAZEN FOWE , Leye Babacar , Bologo/Traore Maimouna
Published: December 2024

The energy-water-food nexus highlights the diverse and complex interrelationships between these three resources. The impact of climate change on water resources can disrupt hydroelectricity and agricultural production. A better understanding of these impacts is important in order to find appropriate solutions. The objective of this study is to assess the potential effects of climate change on water inflows, storage, and withdrawals from the Bagré dam in Burkina Faso. This dam is multipurpose, particularly for agricultural and hydropower production. To achieve this, a model has been developed using the Random Forest approach to assess future climate change in the Bagré area and its impact on water inflows and withdrawals for the dam’s uses. The results show a temperature rise of 1°C to 5°C and a general increase in rainfall of up to 50% for the MeanEns model over future periods compared with the reference period. These changes in climate variables result in an increase in dam inflows of up to 300 Mm3 compared with the reference period, an increase in water storage of up to 400 Mm3, and an increase in agricultural and hydroelectric water volumes of up to 8 and 40 Mm3 respectively. The performance of the model built is quite satisfactory for simulating water inflows and water withdrawals for irrigation and hydroelectricity. In view of the increase in the various hydroelectric and agricultural water requirements, it is important to find effective ways for efficient water resource management of the Bagré dam.
Relationship between resilience and caregiver burden among parents of children with epilepsy: Chain-mediating effect of hope and subjective well-being
Authors: Zhang Shasha , Zhang Fang , Yao Wenying , Sun Lihua , Yang Tingting , Zhu Li , Wei Wenjun , Fang Wanyue
Published: December 2024

Objectives:This study aimed to investigate the mediating roles of hope and subjective well-being in the effect of parental resilience on caregiver burden among children with epilepsy. Our findings can provide novel insights for alleviating the caregiver burden experienced by the parents of children with epilepsy.
Methods:From September 2023 to May 2024, this cross-sectional study surveyed 415 parents of children with epilepsy at three children’s hospitals in Suzhou City, China. We recorded data on the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Herth Hope Index (HHI), and the Index of Well-being (IWB) using self-reported questionnaires.
Results: Caregiver burden was negatively associated with resilience (P<0.001), hope (P<0.001), and subjective well-being (P<0.001). Resilience indirectly affected caregiver burden through three mediating pathways, including hope (effect=-0.194), subjective well-being(effect=-0.142), and a combination of hope and subjective well-being (effect=-0.052). They accounted for 23.66%, 17.32%, and 6.34% of the total effect, respectively.
Conclusion:We revealed the multiple mediating effects of hope and subjective well-being on the role of resilience in caregiver burden. Medical staff should pay more attention to the parents of children with epilepsy who have lower resilience and actively take corresponding measures to promote their hope levels, enhance their subjective well-being, and reduce the burden of care.
Exploring Burnout in Medical Education: A Mixed-method Study Among University of Ibadan Medical Students
Authors: Adesola Adeniyi Abraham , Akoki David Mobolaji , Aderemi Temilola Victoria , Fola-Oyetayo Olorunyomi Chisom , Asogwa Chukwuebuka Stanley , Ojile Moses Ojomakpenen , Ijezie Ifeanyichukwu Collins
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Medical students face intense academic pressures leading to burnout, a critical yet overlooked challenge in medical education. This study explores burnout prevalence and its contributing factors among medical students at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, examining its extent and broader implications.
Methods: A mixed-method cross-sectional study combined a self-administered online survey and focus group discussions (FGD). The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory for Students (OLBI-S) measured burnout levels, while the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) assessed perceived social support. Institutional support service availability was also evaluated. The survey achieved a 51% response rate (355 participants), with 11 randomly selected students participating in FGDs. SPSS analysed quantitative data, while FGD transcripts underwent thematic analysis.
Results: The study revealed an 81.1% burnout prevalence rate, showing significant associations with gender (p<0.001) and academic year (p=0.004). Of the participants, 40.3% were unaware of the College of Medicine Support Service, while only 3.9% had utilised it. Major burnout contributors included overbearing workload, insufficient breaks, and physical stressors.
Conclusion: The high burnout rates discovered at Nigeria's pioneering medical school have profound implications for medical education nationwide. These findings emphasise the need for culturally attuned, comprehensive interventions, including curriculum reforms and enhanced student support services, to mitigate burnout and improve student well-being.
The effect of the position of the femoral endobutton on knee function in the posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a retrospective study
Authors: Xu Libin , Lou Fangyong , Jiang Haitao
Published: December 2024

Background
To investigate the effect of the position of the femoral endobutton on knee function in the posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (PCLR).
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted to analyze 96 patients who underwent single-bundle reconstruction of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in our hospital from January 2020 to June 2023. The patients were divided into three groups according to the position of the endobutton on the lateral knee radiography. The first group is the position of endobutton in front of the lateral cortex of the femur, the second group is the position of endobutton in back of the lateral cortex of the femur, and the third group is the position of endobutton behind the femur. Knee Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Evaluation, Tegner Activity Scale, knee flexion angle and postoperative complication rate of the three groups were compared to evaluate whether there were statistical differences among the three groups.
Results
There were 39 patients in group 1, 46 patients in group 2, and 11 patients in group 3. The mean Lysholm Knee Scores of the group 1 was 91.77, 92.17 in group 2, and 90.36 in group 3. The mean IKDC Evaluation of group 1 was 90.48, 92.41 in group 2, and 93.00 in group 3. Tegner Activity Level was 5.69 in group 1, 5.72 in group 2, and 5.45 in group 3. The mean flexion degree was found as 125° in patients in group1, 127° in group 2, and 122° in group 3. There was no statistically significant difference between Lysholm Knee Scores (p = 0.434), IKDC (p = 0.068), Tegner Activity Level (p = 0.797), and knee flexion angle (p = 0.135). There was also no significant difference in the incidence of complications among the three groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
There were not statistically differences in clinical functional results when comparing patients’ endobutton location on femur. This indicates that it does not need to adjust the orientation of the exit hole of the femur whether it is forward or backward during the PCLR.
Predicting Breast Cancer Prognosis Using PR and PIK3CA Biomarkers: A Comparative Analysis of Diagnostic Groups
Authors: Feng Yuting , Yang Mengqin , Song Qingzhen , Bu Peng , Lian Jing
Published: December 2024

Purpose
To evaluate the prognostic significance of progesterone receptor (PR) expression and the PIK3CA mutation status in HR+/HER2 − breast cancer patients, with the goal of screening patients who may derive the greatest benefit from PI3K-targeted therapy.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on HR+/HER2 − breast cancer patients stratified by PR expression levels and PIK3CA mutation status. The study population was divided into groups on the basis of a median PR threshold of 50% and further subdivided by PIK3CA mutation status. To evaluate the variability of clinicopathologic features among these groups, t tests and ANOVA were employed. The influence of these variables on survival was analyzed via Cox regression. Additionally, a risk prediction model was developed using the PR expression level and PIK3CA mutation status. The prognostic utility of this model was examined via both Kaplan‒Meier (KM) survival curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. These methods have also been utilized to explore the associations between clinicopathologic parameters and clinical outcomes with respect to survival prediction and prognosis.
Results
Significant differences in age, ER expression, and Ki67, HER2, and PIK3CA mutation status were detected between the groups (P < 0.05). Specifically, elevated PR expression was correlated with lower levels of Ki67 and low HER2 expression. The presence of a PIK3CA mutation was significantly linked to survival outcomes according to both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Moreover, ROC analysis revealed that models incorporating both PR expression and PIK3CA mutation status achieved the highest level of diagnostic precision (AUC = 0.82).
Conclusion
PR expression and PIK3CA mutation status are significant predictors of prognosis in HR+/HER2 − breast cancer patients. These findings suggest that assessing these biomarkers in conjunction can be instrumental in identifying patients who stand to gain the most from PI3K-targeted therapies, leading to more personalized treatment strategies. This innovative approach ensures that treatments are not only aligned with the unique genetic profile of each tumor but also potentially increase the efficacy and outcome of the therapies administered.
Social capital, health status, and sociodemographic factors associated with subjective well-being among older Adults: a comparative study of community dwellings and nursing homes
Authors: Chen Yan , Wang Dahui , Chen Wenhao , Zhao EN Xi , Li Wanjing , Zhu Shanshan , Wu Xianlan
Published: December 2024

Background: This study aimed to examine the differences in relationships among social capital components, health status, sociodemographic characteristics, and subjective well-being (SWB) among older adults in institutionalized versus non-institutionalized care environments.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 1,037 older adults aged 65-95 years from nine communities and nine nursing homes across three regions of Zhejiang Province, China. Social capital and SWB were assessed using the Social Capital Scale and the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH), respectively. Propensity score matching (PSM, 1:1, caliper width 0.02) was applied to balance key sociodemographic characteristics and health status between community-dwelling and nursing home residents. Multiple linear regression was utilized to analyze the relationships among social capital components, health status, sociodemographic factors, and SWB in both groups.
Results: PSM identified 290 older adults in community dwellings and a comparable group (n = 290) in nursing homes. Comparative analysis showed that nursing home residents demonstrated lower SWB. Multiple linear regression revealed that social connection, trust, and cohesion positively associated with SWB in both groups. However, social participation was significantly linked only with community dwellings residents. Both groups showed a positive relationship between SWB and self-rated health, but no association was found with the number of chronic conditions. Additionally, higher income (≥3000 RMB) and education level (middle) were linked to increased SWB among community-dwelling older adults, whereas family structure—specifically, having no partner and three or more children—negatively impacted SWB in the nursing home group.
Conclusion: Social capital and health status showed a strong and consistent association with SWB in both groups. Strengthening social connections, trust, and cohesion, along with maintaining positive health perceptions, is expected to enhance the well-being of older adults, particularly for those in institutional settings. Notably, differences in how sociodemographic factors influence SWB across settings. These findings indicate the necessity for tailored interventions that address the unique needs of each care environment to promote healthier aging experiences.
PEDV infection induces ferroptosis in Vero cells via an ACSL-mediated lipid peroxidation pathway
Authors: Weng Qian , Li Yuheng , Wei Yuze , Wang Simin , Hu Tingyu , Pei Zhihua , Wang Kai , Hu Guixue
Published: December 2024

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious viral pathogen causing severe economic losses in the swine industry. However, the underlying mechanisms of PEDV-induced host cell death largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death, in PEDV pathogenesis. The experiments were divided into four groups: a control group, a PEDV (MOI = 1.0) group, an Erastin (5µM) positive control group and a Liprostatin (0.5µM) negative control group. Levels of GSH, ROS, Fe3+ and cell viability were evaluated using ELISA test kits. Fluorescence microscopy was employed to assess Fe2+ aggregation, while flow cytometry was utilizeed to measure lipid peroxide levels. The mRNA transcript levels of key gene involved the ferroptosis pathway-ACSL4, GPX4, ALOX15 and LPCAT3 - were determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Compared to the control group, the PEDV group exhibited a significant decrease in GSH levels (P < 0.01) and a gradual reduction in Fe3+ levels (P < 0.05) over time. Furthermore, the PEDV group showed a substantial increase in ROS release (P < 0.05) and a corresponding decrease in cell viability (P < 0.05) relative to the control group. The results of the qRT-PCR revealed that the expression levels of ACSL4, ALOX15 and LPCAT3 mRNA were significantly elevated in the PEDV group (P<0.01). Additionally, Western blot analysis confirmed that the protein expression levels of ACSL4, ALOX15 and LPCAT3 also increased progressively (P < 0.01). In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that PEDV can induce ferroptosis in Vero cells through the lipid peroxidation pathway mediated by ACSL 4.
Optimising Coil Design Based on Sensitivity Analysis of Magnetic Force Induced Between Misaligned Coil Pairs
Authors: Yang Yuxin , Robertson Will , Jafari Azadeh , Arjomandi Maziar
Published: December 2024

Cylindrical coils are widely used components in several modern technologies, and achieving the precise coaxial alignment condition for cylindrical coil positioning or installation is difficult due to inherent manufacturing errors. The lateral force induced by coil misalignment significantly impacts overall operational efficiency of systems, such as maglev systems applied in wind tunnels for drag measurement. Therefore, understanding the sensitivity of lateral force to misalignment in a coil-formed system is critical. In this study, multiple analytical methods are adopted to find the relationships between magnetic forces, coil misalignment, and coil geometry. A nondimensionalized misalignment parameter is introduced and used to investigate the sensitivity of magnetic force in both vertical and lateral directions to the variation of coil misalignment. In addition, coils with different geometry configurations were modelled and analysed under identical power input, showing the influence of geometric variations on the magnetic force sensitivity. Based on the findings of the sensitivity analysis, distinct strategies for coil design and selection are proposed respectively for static maglev systems and systems involving translational motion of objects.
Deep Learning for Motion Classification in Ankle Exoskeletons Using Surface EMG and IMU Signals
Authors: Estévez Silas Ruhrberg , Mallah Josée , Kazieczko Dominika , Tang Chenyu , Occhipinti Luigi Giuseppe
Published: December 2024

Ankle exoskeletons have garnered considerable interest for their potential to enhance mobility and reduce fall risks, particularly among the aging population. The efficacy of these devices relies on accurate real-time prediction of the user’s intended movements through sensor-based inputs. This paper presents a novel motion prediction framework that integrates three Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) and eight surface Electromyography (sEMG) sensors to capture both kinematic and muscular activity data. A comprehensive set of activities, representative of everyday movements in barrier-free environments, was recorded for the purpose. Our findings reveal that Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) slightly outperform Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks on a dataset of five motion tasks, achieving classification accuracies of 96.5°æ0.8% and 87.5°æ2.9%, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate the system’s proficiency in transfer learning, enabling accurate motion classification for new subjects using just ten samples per class for finetuning. The robustness of the model is demonstrated by its resilience to sensor failures resulting in absent signals, maintaining reliable performance in real-world scenarios. These results underscore the potential of deep learning algorithms to enhance the functionality and safety of ankle exoskeletons, ultimately improving their usability in daily life.
Mathematical insights into cancer-immune dynamics modulated by immunotherapy and interleukins
Authors: Boudjellal Laid , Soares Ana Jacinta , Torres Maria Joana
Published: December 2024

In this work, we develop a new mathematical model to describe the tumor-immune system interactions in the presence of interleukins and a recently developed immunotherapy. We describe the tumor-immune interactions at the cellular level, using the approach of the Kinetic Theory of active particles, by considering four populations, namely tumor cells, activated immune cells, immune cells and interleukins.We also derive the macroscopic model relative tothe kinetic system and study the well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for thecorresponding system of equations.Then, we determine the equilibrium states of the system and investigate their asymptotic stability. Particular attention is devoted to the global stability of a biologically meaningful tumor-free equilibrium.Some numerical simulations are also performed in view of illustrating the behaviour of the solutionpredicted by the theoretical analysis.
AMS Subject Classification: 82C40, 92B05, 92-10, 37N25.
The Role of a Novel TRIP12 Mutation in Intellectual Disability: A Molecular and Clinical Investigation one big Azeri family from Iran
Authors: Nobakht Ramiz , Arish Sara , Hasanzadeh Shirin , Mokabber Haleh , davarnia Sana , Davarnia Behzad
Published: December 2024

Thyroid Hormone Receptor Interactor 12 (TRIP12; MIM #617752) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disorder involved in the ubiquitin fusion degradation pathway and the regulation of DNA damage-induced chromatin ubiquitination. Positioned on chromosome 2 at position 2q36.3, TRIP12 is a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligase family. This gene plays a vital role in proteasomal degradation by catalyzing substrate ubiquitination and regulating processes such as cell cycle progression, DNA damage repair, and chromatin remodeling. Mutations in TRIP12 can result in intellectual disability (ID), Clark-Baraitser syndrome, and various physical and behavioral abnormalities. The proband, a 32-year-old male, exhibited intellectual disability, delayed speech, and behavioral abnormalities without autistic spectrum disorders. The novel TRIP12 variant was detected through WES and validated by Sanger sequencing in affected family members. In silico tools predicted the deleterious effect of the variant, and protein modeling indicated significant structural changes. RT-qPCR demonstrated increased TRIP12 mRNA levels, suggesting a compensatory mechanism for decreased protein stability. This study examines the role of the TRIP12 gene in the ubiquitin pathway and associated pathologies such as intellectual disability and developmental delay.
Jugendarbeit und Musik
Authors: Diegmann Daniel
Published: December 2024

Musikorientierte Jugendarbeit begründet sich vor dem Hintergrund der großen Bedeutung, die Musik in der Phase der Jugend einnimmt. Dabei steht die Musik in der Jugendarbeit von Beginn an im Spannungsfeld zwischen der Möglichkeit authentischer Ausdruck ästhetischen Selbstverständnisses für junge Heranwachsende zu sein und der pädagogischen Instrumentalisierung der Kunst. Weitere Spannungslinien ergeben sich heute aus dem Zusammenspiel von musikorientierter Jugendarbeit und den sozialen Gegebenheiten von Ökonomie, Geschlecht und Interkulturalität.
Musik aus dem Äther: Die Creative Commons Musikszene
Authors: Medkour Marco
Published: December 2024

Im Internet hat sich eine Musikszene etabliert, die ihre Werke verschenkt und unter Creative Commons, das Schöpferische Allgemeingut stellt. Ihre Musik darf legal kopiert, verbreitet und für nicht-kommerzielle Medienproduktionen verwendet werden.
Bildungsprozesse unter den Bedingungen medialer Beschleunigung
Authors: Niesyto Horst
Published: December 2024

Gesellschaftliche Beschleunigungsprozesse beeinflussen die Art und Weise der Wahrnehmung und Erfahrung von Wirklichkeit – doch welchen Einfluss haben soziale und mediale Beschleunigung im Hinblick auf Fähigkeiten zu Distanz und Reflexion? Wie gestalten sich Bildung und Wissen(skultur) im medialen Zeitalter?
Döring, Jörg/Thielmann, Tristan (Hrsg.) (2009). Mediengeographie. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag, 654 S., 39,80 €
Authors: Merz Redaktion
Published: December 2024

Der geografische Raum wird seit einem Paradigmenwechselin der Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaft 1980 wieder als kulturelle Größe wahrgenommen. Seither ist neben der Zeit auch der Raum in den kulturwissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen von Bedeutung. Durch die Erfindung von Medien wurde der Raum auf soziotechnische Weise reorganisiert. Geomedien wie Google Earth, GPSoder Satellitenbilder sind heutzutage nicht mehr wegzudenken. Die Autoren Jörg Döring und Tristan Thielmann, beide Medienwissenschaftler, stellen sich die Frage, wie Geomedien unsere Weltanschauung verändern. Außerdem versuchen sie mittels verschiedener Beiträge von Autorinnen und Autoren aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen darzustellen, wie sich die Mediengeografie als neues Forschungsfeld etabliert hat. Der Einstieg wird mit einerumfangreichen Darstellung von Geomedientheorien, wiebeispielsweise dem Konzept der „immutable mobiles“, der „unveränderlichen mobilen Elemente“ von Bruno Latourgemacht. Anschließend folgt ein Abschnitt zur Geomediengeschichte. Die beiden letzten Hauptpunkte des Buches bilden die Erarbeitung der digitalen und der lokalen Mediengeografie.
Ein sehr anschauliches Beispiel wie Medien die Wahrnehmung des geographischen Raumes beeinflussen können, zeigt Lisa Parks Beitrag zum Projekt „All Eyes on Darfur“. Google Earth und das United States Holocaust Memorial Museum entwickelten dieses Projekt,um die öffentliche Aufmerksamkeit auf den Darfur-Konflikt zu lenken. Berichte Informationen von Organisationen,Zeugenaussagen von Opfern und ähnliches wurde auf dem weltweit größten, virtuellen Globus veröffentlicht. Es gelang, ein Bewusstsein für die Lage in Darfur zu schaffen, eine Intervention konnte allerdings nicht herbeigeführt werden. Insgesamt gelingt es den Autorinnen und Autoren, eine vielschichtige Darstellung der Mediengeografie zu liefern.Für Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler und Studierendeaus den Disziplinen der Geografie, Medienwissenschaft und Ethnologie ist Mediengeographie ein aussagekräftiges Gesamtwerk.
Roose, Jochen/Schäfer, Mike S./ Schmidt-Lux, Thomas (Hrsg.) (2010). Fans. Soziologische Perspektiven. Wiesbaden: VS. 442 Seiten, 34,95 Euro.
Authors: Merz Redaktion
Published: December 2024

Jugendliche tapezieren die Wände ihrer Zimmer mit Postern ihrer Lieblingsfiguren aus Twilight, dem Gewinner derletzten DSDS-Staffel oder dem favorisierten Fußballer beim Lieblingsverein, eingefleischte Fußballanhänger greifen bei der Namenswahl des eigenenKindes auf den Vornamen des Club-Managers zurück und somancher nimmt für ein Konzert ‚seiner’ Band lange Fahrtwegeund Wartezeiten sowie teils horrende Kosten in Kauf. Wohl jeder Mensch hat sich im Laufe seines Lebens einmal als Fan bezeichnet – sei es von einem Sportverein, einer Band oder auch einem Betriebssystem. Doch was ist das eigentlich, ein Fan? Was zeichnet das Fantum aus und lassen sich überhaupt generelle Aussagen über Fans machen? Jochen Roose, Mike S. Schäfer und Thomas Schmidt-Lux haben sich in ihrem Herausgeberwerk Fans diesen Fragen angenommen und die Beiträge verschiedener Autorinnen und Autoren zusammengestellt, die das Phänomen im Kontext soziologischer Kategorien systematisch ausleuchten. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei stets die eigenständige theoretische Bearbeitung. So werden nach der Klärung des Begriffs Fan in den ersten Beiträgen einleitend allgemeine Theorien der Soziologie betrachtet und hinsichtlich ihrer Brauchbarkeit für eine Analyse des Fantums überprüft. Danach werden gegenstandsspezifische Theorien auf Fans bezogen sowie unterschiedliche Fanszenen als empirische Belege angeführt.
Insgesamt ist dabei der Einsatz quantitativer und qualitativer Methoden in den Beiträgen recht ausgewogen. Im einzelnen befassen sich die Autorinnen und Autoren etwa mit Fantum im Zusammenhang mit Emotionen, Sozialisation, Gender oder auch Gewalt, Medien und Religion. Das Werk vermittelt einen sehr guten Einblick in die Fanszenen und die Forschung zu diesem Thema, wenn auch deutlich wird, dass eine weitere Beschäftigung mit der Thematik noch nötig ist. So ist Fans, das in den verschiedenen Beiträgen die soziologische Analyse von Fans systematisch und vielseitig fundieren kann, auch als Anregung für weitere Forschungsbemühungen zu verstehen. Für Sozialwissenschaftlerinnen und Sozialwissenschaftlerund insbesondere für Soziologinnen und Soziologen sowie Kulturwissenschaftlerinnen und -wissenschaftler sowie Lehrende und Studierende der Fachbereiche ist die Lektüre des Buches sicherlich zielführend und zudem durch die verschiedenen Facetten der Beiträge auch ein angenehmerZeitvertreib.
Welker, Martin/Wünsch, Carsten (Hrsg.) (2010). Die Online-Inhaltsanalyse. Forschungsobjekt Internet. Köln: Herbert von Halem. 480 Seiten, 28 Euro.
Authors: Merz Redaktion
Published: December 2024

In den Sozialwissenschaften im Allgemeinen und in der Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft im Besonderen zählt die Inhaltsanalyse zu den Schlüsselmethoden. Schließlich lassen sich durch eine Inhaltsanalyse Text, Bild und Ton Recht kostengünstig, nonreaktiv und komplexitätsreduzierend erfassen. Doch wie steht es um die Erfassung von Online-Inhalten? Der Online-Bereich stellt eine besondere Herausforderung für die Methode dar – denn Merkmale wie die Dynamik, Multimedialität, Hypertextualitätund Nonlinearität führen zu spezifischen Problemen, denensich die Methode der Inhaltsanalyse annehmen muss. Damit sind die Formen der Online-Kommunikation eine methodische Herausforderung für die Wissenschaft. Der Sammelband Die Online-Inhaltsanalyse nimmt sich dem Problem an und leistet mit verschiedenen Beiträgen, die sich sowohl mit der Theorie- Reflexion auseinander setzen sowie praktische Beispiele von Online-Inhaltsanalysen geben, einen wichtigen Beitrag zur gesonderten Methoden-Reflexion im Online-Bereich.
Der Band folgt in seinem Aufbau dabei dem Ablauf eines Forschungsprozesses. So werden zunächst die theoretischen Grundsteine gelegt, bevor in weiteren Beiträgen Grundgesamtheit und Stichprobenziehung, Analyseeinheit und Kategorienbildung, das Problem der Reliabilität und Validität sowie die Methodenkombination und das Feld der statistischautomatisierten Inhaltsanalyse behandelt werden. Der Band wird zudem durch Fallbeispiele und Anwendungsfelder aus der Praxis abgerundet und bietetinsgesamt eine übersichtliche und aufschlussreiche Darstellung des Themenfeldes. Positiv zu vermerken ist dabei vor allem der hohe Praxisbezug, der durch kleinere Anwendungsbeispiele auch in den eigentlichen Theorie-Beiträgen stets gegeben ist. Der Sammelband bietet für alle Sozialwissenschaftlerinnen und -wissenschaftler, insbesondereaus der Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft, eine gute Handreichung für die Praxis und ist auch für Lehrende und Studierende der Fachrichtungen zu empfehlen.
Pachner, Anita (2009). Entwicklung und Förderung von selbst gesteuertem Lernen in Blended-Learning-Umgebungen. Münster: Waxmann, 194 S., 24,90 €
Authors: Merz Redaktion
Published: December 2024

In der heutigen Wissensgesellschaft, die ständig neue Innovationen hervorbringt, ist es von großer Bedeutung, Lerninhalte selbst und aus eigenem Antrieb heraus zu lernen. Das Zauberwort heißt selbst gesteuertes Lernen. Beim Blended-Learning wird die Fähigkeit zum selbst gesteuerten Lernen besonders gefordert. Denn insbesondere während der E-Learing-Phase haben die Lernenden einen hohen Selbstlernanteil. Anita Pachner befasst sich in ihrer Dissertation mit der Frage, wie das selbst gesteuerte Lernen gezielt gefördert werden kann. Hierfür untersuchte sie Lernende in einer auf Blended-Learning basierenden Fernstudienumgebung. Mit einem experimentellen multimethodischen Forschungsdesign verglich sie zwei Interventionen miteinander: ein klassisches Lernstrategietraining und eine alternative Lernstrategieförderung mittels Lerntagebuch.
Sie stellte die Hypothese auf, dass eine Blended-Learning-Umgebung den Einsatz von Lernstrategien fördert. Außerdem untersuchte sie die Hypothese, ob motivationale Faktoren eine Voraussetzung für den erfolgreichen Einsatz von Lernstrategien sind und ob ein Zusammenhang zwischen Lerneinstellung und Lernerfolg besteht. Im Zeitverlauf zeigte sich ein rückläuf iger Einsatz von Lernstrategien bei beiden Versuchsgruppen. Es konnte aber gezeigt werden, dass sich eine hohe Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung positiv auf die Motivation und den Lernstrategieeinsatz auswirkt. Diese Publikation bietet Fachwissenschaftlerinnen und Fachwissenschaftlern sowie Studierenden der Psychologie und Pädagogik gleichermaßen eine klar formulierte und gut fundierte Forschungsarbeit im Bereich der Pädagogischen Psychologie.
Resch, Franz/Schulte-Markwort, Michael (Hrsg.) (2009). Kindheit im digitalen Zeitalter. Kursbuch für integrative Kinder- und Jugendpsychotherapie. Weinheim, Basel: Beltz. 124 S., 49,00 €
Authors: Merz Redaktion
Published: December 2024

Das 2009 erschienene Buch Kindheit im digitalen Zeitalter, ist die sechste Publikation der integrativen Kinder- und Jugendpsychotherapie- Ausgabe. Das Buch befasst sich mit dem Themenschwerpunkt der Digitalisierung in Bezugnahme auf die Kindheit heute. Zunächst eröffnet das Buch Einblicke in elementare psychologische Grundlagen, indem die Struktur des Gedächtnisses erklärt wird. Zudem wird unter anderem auf die Entwicklung des Selbst, Motivation und Intention eingegangen. Nach dieser theoretischen Hinführung wird die allgemeine Lebenssituation von Kindern der westlichen Welt dargelegt. Sozio-ökonomische und familiäre Aspekte, die Geschlechterrollen, mediale und weitere außerfamiliäre Aspekte werden besprochen. In einem Essay werden f inal die Bedeutungen und die Folgen einer digitalisierten Welt für die Kindheit besprochen. Zum Ende des Buches wird erkennbar, dass die Digitalisierung eine Anpassungsleistung für Kinder und Jugendliche bedeutet, welche die Mehrheit ganz nebenbei absolviert. Allerdings immer auch einen gewissen Prozentsatz in der Bevölkerung, die in der Anpassung, in dem Fall an die Digitalisierung, versagen und bei denen sich Probleme, wie psychische Störungen, eröffnen können. Die Publikation richtet sich an Pädagoginnen und Pädagogen und möchte eine Orientierung im Zeitalter digitalisierter Kindheit geben.
Die Vermittlung von Lesefreude bei Kindern im Vorschulalter in der Familie
Authors: Heymann Lukas , Reuter Timo , Ehmig Simone C.
Published: December 2024

Eine entwickelte Lesekompetenz ist der Schlüssel zu unserer heutigen Informations- und Mediengesellschaft. Schon im Vorschulalter können Eltern darauf hinwirken, dass Kinder Lesefreude erwerben und somit schon früh positive Erfahrungen mit Lesemedien sammeln. Dies hilft ihnen später beim Erwerb einer ausgebildeten Lesekompetenz. Familien mit eher niedriger formaler Bildung zeigen hierbei ein besonderes Risikoverhalten. Ihnen gelingt es seltener Lesefreude an ihre Kinder weiterzugeben. Der Artikel stellt empirisch belegt dar, wie es gelingen kann, dass Familien trotz niedriger Bildung Lesefreude an ihre Kinder vermitteln können.