bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARIA Care Pathways 2019: Next-Generation Allergic Rhinitis Care and Allergen Immunotherapy in Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Latiff Amir Hamzah , Husain Salina , Abdullah Baharudin , Suppiah Palaniappan , Tan Vincent , Ing Ping Tang , Woo Kent , Yap Yoke-Yeow , Bachert Claus , J. Schunemann Holger , Bedbrook Anna , Czarlewski Wienczyslawa , Bousquet Jean
Published: May 2023

An increase in the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) worldwide presents a significant burden to the health care system. An initiative was started in Europe designated as Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) to develop internationally applicable guidelines by utilising an evidence-based approach to address this crucial issue. The efforts are directed at empowerment of patients for self-management, the use of digital mobile technology to complement and personalise treatment, and establishment of real-life integrated care pathways (ICPs). This guideline includes aspects of patients’ and health care providers’ management and covers the main areas of treatment for AR. The model provides better real-life health care than the previous traditional models. This review summarises the ARIA next-generation guideline in the context of the Malaysian health care system.
Cortisol and the Dexamethasone Suppression Test as a Biomarker for Melancholic Depression: A Narrative Review
Authors: Schumacher Martin M. , Santambrogio Jacopo
Published: May 2023

The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) assesses the functionality of the HPA axis and can be regarded as the first potential biomarker in psychiatry. In 1981, a group of researchers at the University of Michigan published a groundbreaking paper regarding its use for diagnosing melancholic depression, reporting a diagnostic sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 95%. While this study generated much enthusiasm and high expectations in the field of biological psychiatry, subsequent studies produced equivocal results, leading to the test being rejected by the American Psychiatric Association. The scientific reasons leading to the rise and fall of the DST are assessed in this review, suggestions are provided as to how the original test can be improved, and its potential applications in clinical psychiatry are discussed. An improved, standardized, and validated version of the DST would be a biologically meaningful and useful biomarker in psychiatry, providing a tool for clinicians caring for depressed patients in the areas of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, and predicting the risk of suicide. Additionally, such a test could be a crucial part in the generation of biologically homogenous patient cohorts, necessary for the successful development of new psychotropic medications.
“Dirty Dancing” of Calcium and Autophagy in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zhang Hua , Bezprozvanny Ilya
Published: May 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. There is a growing body of evidence that dysregulation in neuronal calcium (Ca2+) signaling plays a major role in the initiation of AD pathogenesis. In particular, it is well established that Ryanodine receptor (RyanR) expression levels are increased in AD neurons and Ca2+ release via RyanRs is augmented in AD neurons. Autophagy is important for removing unnecessary or dysfunctional components and long-lived protein aggregates, and autophagy impairment in AD neurons has been extensively reported. In this review we discuss recent results that suggest a causal link between intracellular Ca2+ signaling and lysosomal/autophagic dysregulation. These new results offer novel mechanistic insight into AD pathogenesis and may potentially lead to identification of novel therapeutic targets for treating AD and possibly other neurodegenerative disorders.
A Simplified Screening Tool for the One-Leg Standing Test to Determine the Severity of Locomotive Syndrome
Authors: Kobayashi Takaomi , Morimoto Tadatsugu , Shimanoe Chisato , Ono Rei , Otani Koji , Mawatari Masaaki
Published: May 2023

This study determined the cut-off time for the one-leg standing test (OLST) to simply screen the severity of locomotive syndrome (LS). We conducted this cross-sectional study on 1860 community-dwelling residents (age, 70.5 ± 9.5 years old; males, n = 826; females, n = 1034) who underwent the OLST and completed the 25-question geriatric locomotive function scale (GLFS-25). Multivariate linear regression and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between the OLST and the GLFS-25 score and LS after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to calculate the optimal cut-off time of the OLST for determining LS severity. The multivariate linear regression and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the OLST was significantly associated with the GLFS-25 score and a diagnosis of LS. The optimal cut-off times of the OLST to screen LS-1, LS-2, and LS-3 were 42 s (sensitivity 65.8%, specificity 65.3%), 27 s (sensitivity 72.7%, specificity 72.5%), and 19 s (sensitivity 77.4%, specificity 76.8%), respectively. We developed a simplified screening tool for the OLST to determine LS severity.
SERS Immunosensors for Cancer Markers Detection
Authors: Geka Georgia , Kanioura Anastasia , Likodimos Vlassis , Gardelis Spiros , Papanikolaou Nikolaos , Kakabakos Sotirios , Petrou Panagiota
Published: May 2023

Early diagnosis and monitoring are essential for the effective treatment and survival of patients with different types of malignancy. To this end, the accurate and sensitive determination of substances in human biological fluids related to cancer diagnosis and/or prognosis, i.e., cancer biomarkers, is of ultimate importance. Advancements in the field of immunodetection and nanomaterials have enabled the application of new transduction approaches for the sensitive detection of single or multiple cancer biomarkers in biological fluids. Immunosensors based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are examples where the special properties of nanostructured materials and immunoreagents are combined to develop analytical tools that hold promise for point-of-care applications. In this frame, the subject of this review article is to present the advancements made so far regarding the immunochemical determination of cancer biomarkers by SERS. Thus, after a short introduction about the principles of both immunoassays and SERS, an extended presentation of up-to-date works regarding both single and multi-analyte determination of cancer biomarkers is presented. Finally, future perspectives on the field of SERS immunosensors for cancer markers detection are briefly discussed.
Heterogeneous Catalysts in N-Heterocycles and Aromatics as Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs): History, Present Status and Future
Authors: Zhang Jinxu , Yang Fusheng , Wang Bin , Li Dong , Wei Min , Fang Tao , Zhang Zaoxiao
Published: May 2023

The continuous decline of traditional fossil energy has cast the shadow of an energy crisis on human society. Hydrogen generated from renewable energy sources is considered as a promising energy carrier, which can effectively promote the energy transformation of traditional high-carbon fossil energy to low-carbon clean energy. Hydrogen storage technology plays a key role in realizing the application of hydrogen energy and liquid organic hydrogen carrier technology, with many advantages such as storing hydrogen efficiently and reversibly. High-performance and low-cost catalysts are the key to the large-scale application of liquid organic hydrogen carrier technology. In the past few decades, the catalyst field of organic liquid hydrogen carriers has continued to develop and has achieved some breakthroughs. In this review, we summarized recent significant progress in this field and discussed the optimization strategies of catalyst performance, including the properties of support and active metals, metal–support interaction and the combination and proportion of multi-metals. Moreover, the catalytic mechanism and future development direction were also discussed.
Features of Helium–Vacancy Complex Formation at the Zr/Nb Interface
Authors: Svyatkin Leonid , Terenteva Daria , Laptev Roman
Published: May 2023

A first-principles study of the atomic structure and electron density distribution at the Zr/Nb interface under the influence of helium impurities and helium–vacancy complexes was performed using the optimised Vanderbilt pseudopotential method. For the determination of the preferred positions of the helium atom, the vacancy and the helium–vacancy complex at the interface, the formation energy of the Zr-Nb-He system has been calculated. The preferred positions of the helium atoms are in the first two atomic layers of Zr at the interface, where helium–vacancy complexes form. This leads to a noticeable increase in the size of the reduced electron density areas induced by vacancies in the first Zr layers at the interface. The formation of the helium–vacancy complex reduces the size of the reduced electron density areas in the third Zr and Nb layers as well as in the Zr and Nb bulk. Vacancies in the first niobium layer near the interface attract the nearest zirconium atoms and partially replenish the electron density. This may indicate a possible self-healing of this type of defect.
Recent Advances in Carbon Nitride-Based S-scheme Photocatalysts for Solar Energy Conversion
Authors: Xiao Yawei , Tian Xu , Chen Yunhua , Xiao Xuechun , Chen Ting , Wang Yude
Published: May 2023

Energy shortages are a major challenge to the sustainable development of human society, and photocatalytic solar energy conversion is a potential way to alleviate energy problems. As a two-dimensional organic polymer semiconductor, carbon nitride is considered to be the most promising photocatalyst due to its stable properties, low cost, and suitable band structure. Unfortunately, pristine carbon nitride has low spectral utilization, easy recombination of electron holes, and insufficient hole oxidation ability. The S-scheme strategy has developed in recent years, providing a new perspective for effectively solving the above problems of carbon nitride. Therefore, this review summarizes the latest progress in enhancing the photocatalytic performance of carbon nitride via the S-scheme strategy, including the design principles, preparation methods, characterization techniques, and photocatalytic mechanisms of the carbon nitride-based S-scheme photocatalyst. In addition, the latest research progress of the S-scheme strategy based on carbon nitride in photocatalytic H2 evolution and CO2 reduction is also reviewed. Finally, some concluding remarks and perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for exploring advanced nitride-based S-scheme photocatalysts are presented. This review brings the research of carbon nitride-based S-scheme strategy to the forefront and is expected to guide the development of the next-generation carbon nitride-based S-scheme photocatalysts for efficient energy conversion.
An Insight into the Defects-Driven Plasticity in Ductile Cast Irons
Authors: Angella Giuliano , Taloni Marcello , Górny Marcin , Tarasiuk Jacek , Wronski Sebastian , Montanari Roberto , Pedranz Matteo , Benedetti Matteo , Fontanari Vigilio , Lusuardi Danilo
Published: May 2023

The microstructure and tensile behavior of two heavy section castings that had chemical compositions typical of GJS400 were investigated. Conventional metallography, fractography, and micro-Computer Tomography (μ-CT) were employed, enabling the quantification of the volume fractions of eutectic cells with degenerated Chunky Graphite (CHG), which was identified as the major defect in the castings. The Voce equation approach was exploited to evaluate the tensile behaviors of the defective castings for integrity assessment. The results demonstrated that the Defects-Driven Plasticity (DDP) phenomenon, which refers to an unexpected regular plastic behavior related to defects and metallurgical discontinuities, was consistent with the observed tensile behavior. This resulted in a linearity of Voce parameters in the Matrix Assessment Diagram (MAD), which contradicts the physical meaning of the Voce equation. The findings suggest that the defects, such as CHG, contribute to the linear distribution of Voce parameters in the MAD. Furthermore, it is reported that the linearity in the MAD of Voce parameters for a defective casting is equivalent to the existence of a pivotal point in the differential data of the tensile strain hardening data. This pivotal point was exploited to propose a new material quality index assessing the integrity of castings.
Magnetic Charge Model for Leakage Signals from Surface Defects in Ferromagnetic Material
Authors: Li Xinyu , Sheng Guangming , Meng Zimin , Qin Fan , Liu Zhifeng
Published: May 2023

A novel three-dimensional theoretical model of magnetic flux leakage (MFL) is proposed in this paper based on the magnetic dipole model. The magnetic dipole model assumes that a ferromagnetic specimen with defects is exposed to a uniform external magnetic field that causes a uniform magnetization around the defect surface. Under this assumption, the MFL can be regarded as arising from magnetic charges on the defect surface. Previous theoretical models were mostly used to analyze simple crack defects such as cylindrical and rectangular cracks. In this paper, we developed a magnetic dipole model for more complex defect shapes such as circular truncated holes, conical holes, elliptical holes, and double-curve-shaped crack holes to complement the existing defect shapes. Experimental results and comparisons with previous models demonstrate that the proposed model provides a better approximation of complex defect shapes.
The Integration of Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Supercapacitors: The Key Role of Cellular Materials
Authors: Meng Jiajing , Zhao Zequan , Cao Xia , Wang Ning
Published: May 2023

The growing demand for sustainable and efficient energy harvesting and storage technologies has spurred interest in the integration of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) with supercapacitors (SCs). This combination offers a promising solution for powering Internet of Things (IoT) devices and other low−power applications by utilizing ambient mechanical energy. Cellular materials, featuring unique structural characteristics such as high surface−to−volume ratios, mechanical compliance, and customizable properties, have emerged as essential components in this integration, enabling the improved performance and efficiency of TENG−SC systems. In this paper, we discuss the key role of cellular materials in enhancing TENG−SC systems’ performance through their influence on contact area, mechanical compliance, weight, and energy absorption. We highlight the benefits of cellular materials, including increased charge generation, optimized energy conversion efficiency, and adaptability to various mechanical sources. Furthermore, we explore the potential for lightweight, low−cost, and customizable cellular materials to expand the applicability of TENG−SC systems in wearable and portable devices. Finally, we examine the dual effect of cellular materials’ damping and energy absorption properties, emphasizing their potential to protect TENGs from damage and increase overall system efficiency. This comprehensive overview of the role of cellular materials in the integration of TENG−SC aims to provide insights into the development of next−generation sustainable energy harvesting and storage solutions for IoT and other low−power applications.
Effect of Drought Stress on Quality of Flax Fibres
Authors: Kwiatkowska Edyta , Zimniewska Małgorzata , Przybylska Patrycja , Romanowska Barbara
Published: May 2023

Global warming has led to a change in climatic conditions. Since 2006, drought has contributed to a reduction of food production and other agriculture-based products in many countries. The accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has caused some changes in the composition of fruits and vegetables, making them less nutritious. To analyse this situation, a study was conducted on the effect of drought on the quality of fibres provided by the main fibre crops in Europe, namely flax (Linum usitatissimum). The experiment consisted of growing flax under controlled comparative conditions with designed different irrigation levels, such as 25%, 35% and 45% field soil moisture. Three varieties of flax were grown in 2019, 2020 and 2021 in the greenhouses of the Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants in Poland. Fibre parameters, such as linear density, length and strength, were evaluated according to relevant standards. In addition, scanning electron microscope images of the cross-section and longitudinal view of the fibres were analysed. The results of the study indicated that deficiency of water during the flax growing season resulted in lowering of fibre linear density and tenacity.
Damage Analysis of CFRP Hybrid Bonded-Bolted Joint during Insertion of Interference-Fit Bolt
Authors: Yan Long , Jiang Ruisong , Zuo Yangjie
Published: May 2023

In this study, experiments and finite element analysis (FEA) were used to evaluate the impact of interference-fit sizes on CFRP hybrid bonded-bolted (HBB) joint damage during bolt insertion. The specimens were designed in accordance with the ASTM D5961 standard and bolt insertion tests were performed at selected interference-fit sizes (0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1%). Damage to composite laminates was predicted using the Shokrieh–Hashin criterion and Tan’s degradation rule via the user subroutine USDFLD, while damage to the adhesive layer was simulated by the Cohesive Zone Model (CZM). The corresponding bolt insertion tests were performed. The variation of insertion force with interference-fit size was discussed. The results showed that matrix compressive failure was the main failure mode. With the growth of the interference-fit size, more failure modes appeared, and the failure region expanded. Regarding the adhesive layer, it did not completely fail at the four interference-fit sizes. This paper will be helpful in designing composite joint structures and especially for understanding CFRP HBB joint damage and failure mechanisms.
In-Situ Synchrotron HEXRD Study on the Micro-Stress Evolution Behavior of a Superalloy during Room-Temperature Compression
Authors: Wang Hao , Tong Ruolan , Liu Guangxu , Sha Aixue , Song Lin , Zhang Tiebang
Published: May 2023

The residual stress generated during heat treatment of nickel-base superalloys will affect their service performance and introduce primary cracks. In a component with high residual stress, a tiny amount of plastic deformation at room temperature can release the stress to a certain extent. However, the stress-releasing mechanism is still unclear. In the present study, the micro-mechanical behavior of the FGH96 nickel-base superalloy during room temperature compression was studied using in situ synchrotron radiation high-energy X-ray diffraction. The in situ evolution of the lattice strain was observed during deformation. The stress distribution mechanism of grains and phases with different orientations was clarified. The results show that at the elastic deformation stage, the (200) lattice plane of γ′ phase bears more stress after the stress reaches 900 MPa. When the stress exceeds 1160 MPa, the load is redistributed to the grains with their <200> crystal directions aligned with the loading direction. After yielding, the γ′ phase still bears the main stress.
The Effect of Complex Modifier Consisting of Star Macromolecules and Ionic Liquid on Structure and Gas Separation of Polyamide Membrane
Authors: Faykov Ilya , Polotskaya Galina , Kuryndin Ivan , Zoolshoev Zoolsho , Saprykina Natalia , Tian Nadezhda , Sorokina Angelina , Pulyalina Alexandra
Published: May 2023

A novel hybrid membrane was developed on the basis of poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PA) by introducing an original complex modifier into the polymer; this modifier consisted of equal amounts of heteroarm star macromolecules with a fullerene C60 core (HSM) and the ionic liquid [BMIM][Tf2N] (IL). The effect of the (HSM:IL) complex modifier on characteristics of the PA membrane was evaluated using physical, mechanical, thermal, and gas separation techniques. The structure of the PA/(HSM:IL) membrane was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Gas transport properties were determined by measuring He, O2, N2, and CO2 permeation through the membranes based on PA and its composites containing a 5 wt% modifier. The permeability coefficients of all gases through the hybrid membranes were lower than the corresponding parameters for the unmodified membrane, whereas the ideal selectivity in the separation of He/N2, CO2/N2, and O2/N2 gas pairs was higher for the hybrid membrane. The position of the PA/(HSM:IL) membrane on the Robeson’s diagram for the O2/N2 gas pair is discussed.
Influence of Membrane Asymmetry on OmpF Insertion, Orientation and Function
Authors: Donoghue Annemarie , Winterhalter Mathias , Gutsmann Thomas
Published: May 2023

The effect of asymmetric membranes containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the outer membrane protein F (OmpF) reconstitution, channel orientation, and antibiotic permeation across the outer membrane was investigated. After forming an asymmetric planar lipid bilayer composed of LPS on one and phospholipids on the other side, the membrane channel OmpF was added. The ion current recordings demonstrate that LPS has a strong influence on the OmpF membrane insertion, orientation, and gating. Enrofloxacin was used as an example of an antibiotic interacting with the asymmetric membrane and with OmpF. The enrofloxacin caused the blockage of the ion current through the OmpF, depending on the side of addition, the transmembrane voltage applied, and the composition of the buffer. Furthermore, the enrofloxacin changed the phase behavior of the LPS-containing membranes, demonstrating that its membrane activity influences the function of OmpF and potentially the membrane permeability.
Effect on the Property of 2195 Al-Li Alloy Laser-Welded Joints with Different Filler Materials
Authors: Xu Bing , Jin Guobao , Zhang Zifeng , Wang Jianfeng , Zhan Xiaohong
Published: May 2023

In order to improve the performance of welded joints in Al-Li alloys, butt joints consisting of 2 mm thick 2195-T8 Al-Li alloy plates are fabricated by laser beam welding with different filler wires in this paper. The joints welded by ER2319CT, ER4047, and without filler are investigated in the context of microstructure, the distribution of alloying elements, the burning loss of alloying elements, and tensile strength. From the fusion boundary to the center of the weld seam (WS), the crystal morphologies vary in the sequence of fine equiaxed grains, columnar dendrite, and equiaxed dendrite. The equiaxed grains and columnar dendrite disappear in certain areas of the WS by ER2319CT. The burning loss rates of Li and Cu in the WS by filler wires are higher than those by laser welding without filler. AlLiSi and Al2Cu are identified as the strengthening phases in the WS by ER4047, while Al2Cu, Al2CuLi, and Al6CuLi3 are the strengthening phases in the WS by ER2319CT. Compared with laser welding without filler wire, more strengthening phases improve the mechanical properties of the welded joints by filler wires. Both types of welding wires can improve the performance of welded joints, and ER2319CT is more effective.
Microstructure and Mechanical and Impact Behaviors of WC-Particle-Reinforced Nickel-Based Alloy Surfacing Layers at Evaluated Temperatures
Authors: Zhang Li , Li Shengli , Zhang Chunlin , Ai Xingang , Xie Zhiwen
Published: May 2023

A WC-particle-reinforced nickel-based alloy surfacing layer was fabricated on 42CrMo ultra-high-strength steel. The microstructure and the mechanical and impact-damage behaviors of the surfacing layers at the evaluated temperatures were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and the Vickers hardness tester. Results showed that these WC particles gradually changed from elongated and crisscross needle-like phases to blocks with the increase in impact temperature. Numerous carbide phases (e.g., (Cr,Ni,Fe)23C6) and γ-Ni phases were formed in the substrate matrix. The surfacing layer showed a typical brittle fracture, and the impact energy decreased with the increase in temperature. Moreover, the surfacing layer showed a clear quasi-cleavage fracture morphology without dimples after a 600 °C impact test but exhibited a mixture of dimple fractures and cleavage fractures after the 200 °C and 400 °C impact tests. The Vickers fracture toughness test showed that the average hardness of the surfacing layer after a 600 °C impact test was 383 HV1.0, which is about 0.8 times that after the 200 °C impact test. In addition, the WC particles in the surfacing layer after the 600 °C impact test showed the highest fracture toughness, but the corresponding Ni40A binder phase possessed the lowest fracture toughness.
Parameter Identification of Model for Piezoelectric Actuators
Authors: Liu Dongmei , Dong Jingqu , Guo Shuai , Tan Li , Yu Shuyou
Published: May 2023

Piezoelectric actuators are widely used in high-precision positioning systems. The nonlinear characteristics of piezoelectric actuators, such as multi-valued mapping and frequency-dependent hysteresis, severely limit the advancement of the positioning system’s accuracy. Therefore, a particle swarm genetic hybrid parameter identification method is proposed by combining the directivity of the particle swarm optimization algorithm and the genetic random characteristics of the genetic algorithm. Thus, the global search and optimization abilities of the parameter identification approach are improved, and the problems, including the genetic algorithm’s poor local search capability and the particle swarm optimization algorithm’s ease of falling into local optimal solutions, are resolved. The nonlinear hysteretic model of piezoelectric actuators is established based on the hybrid parameter identification algorithm proposed in this paper. The output of the model of the piezoelectric actuator is in accordance with the real output obtained from the experiments, and the root mean square error is only 0.029423 μm. The experimental and simulation results show that the model of piezoelectric actuators established by the proposed identification method can describe the multi-valued mapping and frequency-dependent nonlinear hysteresis characteristics of piezoelectric actuators.
Research on Determining Elastic–Plastic Constitutive Parameters of Materials from Load Depth Curves Based on Nanoindentation Technology
Authors: Li Zhentao , Ye Yun , Zhang Guanjun , Guan Fengjiao , Luo Junjie , Wang Panfeng , Zhao Jiao , Zhao Li
Published: May 2023

It is of great significance for structural design and engineering evaluation to obtain the elastic–plastic parameters of materials. The inverse estimation of elastic–plastic parameters of materials based on nanoindentation technology has been applied in many pieces of research, but it has proved to be difficult to determine the elastic–plastic properties of materials by only using a single indentation curve. A new optimal inversion strategy based on a spherical indentation curve was proposed to obtain the elastoplastic parameters (the Young’s modulus E, yield strength σy, and hardening exponent n) of materials in this study. A high-precision finite element model of indentation with a spherical indenter (radius R = 20 µm) was established, and the relationship between the three parameters and indentation response was analyzed using the design of experiment (DOE) method. The well-posed problem of inverse estimation under different maximum indentation depths (hmax1 = 0.06 R, hmax2 = 0.1 R, hmax3 = 0.2 R, hmax4 = 0.3 R) was explored based on numerical simulations. The results show that the unique solution with high accuracy can be obtained under different maximum press-in depths (the minimum error was within 0.2% and the maximum error was up to 1.5%). Next, the load-depth curves of Q355 were obtained by a cyclic loading nanoindentation experiment, and the elastic–plastic parameters of Q355 were determined by the proposed inverse-estimation strategy based on the average indentation load-depth curve. The results showed that the optimized load-depth curve was in good agreement with the experimental curve, and the optimized stress–strain curve was slightly different from the tensile test, and the obtained parameters were basically consistent with the existing research.
Impact Crushing Characteristics and Relationship between Multicomponent Complex Ore and Its Component Minerals
Authors: Yang Jinlin , Zhu Pengyan , Li Hengjun , Li Zongyu , Huo Xingnan , Ma Shaojian
Published: May 2023

Based on the JK Drop Weight test and principle of selective crushing, a multicomponent complex ore with its component minerals, i.e., pyrrhotite, sphalerite, and quartz, was used to explore the impact crushing characteristics and relationship between the complex ore and its component minerals. Results show that the order of impact crushing resistance is quartz > pyrrhotite > ore > sphalerite. The particle-size-distribution characteristic curve of ore crushing products is always “sandwiched” between the curves of pyrrhotite, sphalerite, and quartz within the same feed-size range. When the particle size is −63 + 53, −45 + 37.5, −31.5 + 26.5, and −22.4 + 19 mm, the component mineral pyrrhotite has a negative effect on the impact crushing of ore, while the component mineral sphalerite has a positive effect. When the particle size is −16 + 13.2 mm, the component mineral pyrrhotite has a positive effect on the crushing effect of the ore, while the component mineral sphalerite has a negative effect. The component mineral quartz always has a negative effect on the impact crushing effect of ore in all the studied particle sizes.
Zircon U-Pb Age and Geochemistry of Yamusi Granodiorite in the Eastern Part of the Qilian Orogen, China
Authors: Pei Lei , Pei Xianzhi , Zhang Yu , Li Ruibao , Chen Youxin , Li Zuochen , Liu Chengjun , Wang Meng
Published: May 2023

Yamusi granodiorite in the eastern part of the Qilian Orogen consists mainly of gneissic granodiorite. Researchers have studied other nearby rock masses, and many studies, such as those focusing on the zircon U-Pb age chronology and geochemistry of Yamusi granodiorite, still need to be completed. We obtained a new LA–ICP–MS zircon U-Pb age of 480.3 ± 1.3 Ma for Yamusi granodiorite, which suggested that it was formed during the early Ordovician period. The whole-rock geochemical data show that this granodiorite is relatively rich in Na and poor in K (K2O/Na2O = 0.40–0.73). The granodiorite is metaluminous–weakly peraluminous and can be classified as medium-K calc-alkaline granite. It yields high Sr/Y ratios (35.17–53.78) and low Yb (<18 ppm) and Y (1.8 ppm) contents, an Mg# value of <45, and high La/Y ratios (2.9–13.4, mean = 5.76). The trace element compositions of the granodiorite are characterized by positive large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs; e.g., Cs, Rb, and Ba) and negative high-field-strength element (HFSE; e.g., Nb, Ta, and Ti) anomalies, similar to arc magmatic rocks. There is clear fractionation between the light and heavy rare earth elements (REEs), with (La/Yb)N ratios of 1.77–9.03 (mean = 3.88). The petrogenesis research suggests that the granodiorite originated mainly from the partial melting of the mafic lower crust, with a minor mantle-derived component. Based on the regional geological setting, we suggest that the Yamusi granodiorite was formed during the northward subduction of the Proto-Tethyan oceanic crust to form an intracontinental arc.
Residence Time Distribution Measurements and Modeling in an Industrial-Scale Siemens Flotation Cell
Authors: Vinnett Luis , Yianatos Juan , Hassanzadeh Ahmad , Díaz Francisco , Henríquez Felipe
Published: May 2023

This short communication presents residence time distribution (RTD) measurements and modeling in a 16 m3 Siemens flotation cell, as the first RTD characterization in an industrial-scale pneumatic cell. The Siemens cell was installed as a pre-rougher machine in a Cu-Mo selective plant. This plant recovered molybdenite as an enriched product, depressing copper-bearing minerals. Irradiated non-floatable solid and Br82 in water solution were employed as solid and liquid tracers, respectively. The tracers were instantly injected into the Siemens cell, and the inlet and outlet concentrations were directly measured by external non-invasive detectors. From the flotation literature, three model structures for the RTDs were evaluated, including perfect mixing, one large perfect mixer and one small perfect mixer in series (LSTS), and N perfectly mixed reactors in series. A transport delay was incorporated for all models. The LSTS representation was more consistent with the experimental data, showing that the Siemens cell RTDs presented significant deviations with respect to perfect mixing and plug-flow regimes. From the industrial measurements, mean residence times of 4.1–5.2 min were estimated.
Preparation and In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Rectal In Situ Gel of Meloxicam Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex
Authors: Lei Xiaomeng , Zhang Guansheng , Yang Tao , Wu Yuhuan , Peng Ying , Wang Tiantian , Li Dongxun , Liu Qian , Wang Canjian , Zhang Guosong
Published: May 2023

Meloxicam (MLX) is one of the most effective NSAIDs, but its poor water solubility and low bioavailability limit its clinical application. In this study, we designed a thermosensitive in situ gel of the hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex (MLX/HP-β-CD-ISG) for rectal delivery to improve bioavailability. The best method for preparing MLX/HP-β-CD was the saturated aqueous solution method. The optimal inclusion prescription was optimized using an orthogonal test, and the inclusion complex was evaluated via PXRD, SEM, FTIR and DSC. Then, MLX/HP-β-CD-ISG was characterized regarding the gel properties, release in vitro, and pharmacokinetics in vivo. The inclusion rate of the inclusion complex obtained via the optimal preparation process was 90.32 ± 3.81%. The above four detection methods show that MLX is completely embedded in the HP-β-CD cavity. The developed MLX/HP-β-CD-ISG formulation has a suitable gelation temperature of 33.40 ± 0.17 °C, a gelation time of 57.33 ± 5.13 s, pH of 7.12 ± 0.05, good gelling ability and meets the requirements of rectal preparations. More importantly, MLX/HP-β-CD-ISG significantly improved the absorption and bioavailability of MLX in rats, prolonging the rectal residence time without causing rectal irritation. This study suggests that the MLX/HP-β-CD-ISG can have a wide application prospect with superior therapeutic benefits.
Exploration of the Transglycosylation Activity of Barley Limit Dextrinase for Production of Novel Glycoconjugates
Authors: Vester-Christensen Malene Bech , Holck Jesper , Rejzek Martin , Perrin Léa , Tovborg Morten , Svensson Birte , Field Robert A. , Møller Marie Sofie
Published: May 2023

A few α-glucan debranching enzymes (DBEs) of the large glycoside hydrolase family 13 (GH13), also known as the α-amylase family, have been shown to catalyze transglycosylation as well as hydrolysis. However, little is known about their acceptor and donor preferences. Here, a DBE from barley, limit dextrinase (HvLD), is used as a case study. Its transglycosylation activity is studied using two approaches; (i) natural substrates as donors and different p-nitrophenyl (pNP) sugars as well as different small glycosides as acceptors, and (ii) α-maltosyl and α-maltotriosyl fluorides as donors with linear maltooligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, and GH inhibitors as acceptors. HvLD showed a clear preference for pNP maltoside both as acceptor/donor and acceptor with the natural substrate pullulan or a pullulan fragment as donor. Maltose was the best acceptor with α-maltosyl fluoride as donor. The findings highlight the importance of the subsite +2 of HvLD for activity and selectivity when maltooligosaccharides function as acceptors. However, remarkably, HvLD is not very selective when it comes to aglycone moiety; different aromatic ring-containing molecules besides pNP could function as acceptors. The transglycosylation activity of HvLD can provide glycoconjugate compounds with novel glycosylation patterns from natural donors such as pullulan, although the reaction would benefit from optimization.
Morphology and Microwave-Absorbing Performances of Rubber Blends with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Molybdenum Disulfide
Authors: Huang Le , Chen Jingru , Liu Bingjun , Zhao Pengfei , Liao Lusheng , Tao Jinlong , Wang Yueqiong , Wang Bingbing , Deng Jing , Zhao Yanfang
Published: May 2023

This study details microwave-absorbing materials made of natural rubber/nitrile butadiene rubber (NR/NBR) blends with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). The mechanical blending method and the influences of fabrication on the morphology and microwave-absorbing performance of resulting compounds were logically investigated. It was found that interfacial differences between the fillers and matrix promote the formation of MWCNTs and MoS2 networks in NR/NBR blends, thus improving microwave-absorbing performance. Compared with direct compounding, masterbatch-based two-step blending is more conducive to forming interpenetrating networks of MWCNTs/MoS2, endowing the resulting composite with better microwave attenuation capacity. Composites with MWCNTs in NR and MoS2 in NBR demonstrate the best microwave-absorbing performance, with a minimum reflection loss of −44.54 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.60 GHz. Exploring the relationship between morphology and electromagnetic loss behavior denotes that such improvement results from the selective distribution of dual fillers, inducing networking and multi-component-derived interfacial polarization enhancement.
Plasmonic Metamaterial Ag Nanostructures on a Mirror for Colorimetric Sensing
Authors: Maeda Sayako , Osaka Noboru , Niguma Rei , Matsuyama Tetsuya , Wada Kenji , Okamoto Koichi
Published: May 2023

In this study, we demonstrate the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the visible range by using nanostructures on mirrors. The nanohemisphere-on-mirror (NHoM) structure is based on random nanoparticles that were obtained by heat-treating silver thin films and does not require any top-down nanofabrication processes. We were able to successfully tune over a wide wavelength range and obtain full colors using the NHoM structures, which realized full coverage of the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) standard RGB (sRGB) color space. Additionally, we fabricated the periodic nanodisk-on-glass (NDoG) structure using electron beam lithography and compared it with the NHoM structure. Our analysis of dark-field microscopic images observed by a hyperspectral camera showed that the NHoM structure had less variation in the resonant wavelength by observation points compared with the periodic NDoG structure. In other words, the NHoM structure achieved a high color quality that is comparable to the periodic structure. Finally, we proposed colorimetric sensing as an application of the NHoM structure. We confirmed the significant improvement in performance of colorimetric sensing using the NHoM structure and succeeded in colorimetric sensing using protein drops. The ability to fabricate large areas in full color easily and inexpensively with our proposed structures makes them suitable for industrial applications, such as displays, holograms, biosensing, and security applications.
Cognitive Test Solution in Mice with Different Brain Weights after Atomoxetine
Authors: Perepelkina Olga V. , Poletaeva Inga I.
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the data are presented concerning different reactions to seven daily injections of atomoxetine in two mouse strains differing in relative brain weight. Atomoxetine affected the performance in a puzzle-box cognitive test in a complicated way—the large brain mice were less successful at task solutions (presumably because they were not afraid of the brightly lit test box), while the small brain strain of atomoxetine treated mice solved the task more successfully. The behavior of all atomoxetine treated animals was more active in an aversive situation (an unescapable slippery funnel, (analogous to the Porsolt test) and the time of immobility decreased significantly in all atomoxetine treated mice. The general patterns of behavioral reactions to atomoxetine in the cognitive test and other interstrain differences demonstrated in these experiments made it possible to suggest that differences in ascending noradrenergic projections between the two strains used exist. Further analysis of the noradrenergic system in these strains is needed (and further analysis of the effects of drugs which affect noradrenergic receptors).
Relationships between Dietary Patterns and Erythropoiesis-Associated Micronutrient Deficiencies (Iron, Folate, and Vitamin B12) among Pregnant Women in Taiwan
Authors: Mayasari Noor Rohmah , Bai Chyi-Huey , Chao Jane C.-J. , Chen Yi-Chun , Huang Ya-Li , Wang Fan-Fen , Wiratama Bayu Satria , Chang Jung-Su
Published: May 2023

Globally, anemia affects 56 million pregnant women, especially women with a low household income. Functional erythropoiesis requires a constant supply of micronutrients, and the demands significantly increase during fetal development. This study aims to identify dietary patterns for preventing gestational erythropoiesis-associated micronutrient deficiencies (e.g., iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12). A Nationwide Nutrition and Health Survey in Pregnant Women, Taiwan (NAHSIT-PW), was conducted between 2017 and 2019. Data on baseline information, diet, anthropometrics, and blood biochemistry were collected during a prenatal visit. Dietary patterns were identified using a reduced rank regression (RRR). Erythropoiesis-related micronutrient deficiencies were defined as single, double, and triple micronutrient deficiencies of an iron deficiency, folate depletion, and a vitamin B12 deficiency. In total, 1437 singleton pregnancies aged ≥20–48 years were included in the analysis. Prevalences of normal nutrition, and single, double, and triple erythropoiesis-related micronutrient deficiencies were 35.7%, 38.2%, 18.6%, and 7.5%, respectively. Anemic pregnant women with a low household income had the highest prevalence rates of double (32.5%) and triple (15.8%) erythropoiesis-related micronutrient deficiencies. Dietary pattern scores were positively correlated with nuts and seeds, fresh fruits, total vegetables, breakfast cereals/oats and related products, soybean products, and dairy products but negatively correlated with processed meat products and liver, organs, and blood products. After adjusting for covariates, the dietary pattern had 29% (odds ratio (OR): 0.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.055–0.091, p = 0.006)) and 43% (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.41–0.80, p = 0.001)) reduced odds of having double and triple erythropoiesis-related micronutrient deficiencies for those pregnant women with a low household income. For those women with anemia, dietary patterns had 54% (OR: 046, 95% CI: 0.27–0.78) and 67% (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.170.64) reduced odds of double and triple erythropoiesis-related micronutrient deficiencies. In conclusion, increased consumption of breakfast cereals and oats, nuts, and seeds, fresh fruits and vegetables, soybean products, and dairy products may protect women against erythropoiesis-related micronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy.
Exploring Overnutrition, Overweight, and Obesity in the Hospital Setting—A Point Prevalence Study
Authors: Elliott Andrea , Gibson Simone , Bauer Judy , Cardamis Anna , Davidson Zoe
Published: May 2023

Malnutrition is an international healthcare concern associated with poor patient outcomes, increased length of stay, and healthcare costs. Although malnutrition includes both under and overnutrition, there is a large body of evidence that describes the impacts of undernutrition with limited data on overnutrition in hospitalized patients. Obesity itself is a modifiable risk factor associated with hospital-associated complications. However, there is limited reporting of the prevalence of obesity in hospitals. This one-day cross-sectional study (n = 513) captures the prevalence of both under and overnutrition in a hospitalized population and explores dietetic care provided compared to the Nutrition Care Process Model for hospitalized patients who have obesity. The main findings were: (1) the largest proportion of patients were in the overweight and obese classifications (57.3%, n = 294/513); 5.3% of these patients had severe obesity (class III); (2) patients who were overweight and obese had lower malnutrition risk profiles as well as the prevalence of malnutrition; (3) 24.1% of patients who had obesity (n = 34/141) were receiving dietetic intervention; (4) 70.6% (n = 24/34) did not have a nutrition diagnosis that followed the Nutrition Care Process Model. Study results provide valuable clinical insight into the prevalence of overnutrition and opportunities to improve nutrition care for this vulnerable patient group.
Effects of Whey Protein Isolate on Body Composition, Muscle Mass, and Strength of Chronic Heart Failure Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: dos Santos Elisa M. , Moreira Annie S. B. , Huguenin Grazielle V. B. , Tibiriça Eduardo , De Lorenzo Andrea
Published: May 2023

Heart failure (HF) is associated with a reduction of skeletal muscle mass. Whey protein isolate (WPI) has been beneficial in increasing muscle mass and strength, in addition to improving body composition. The goal of this research was to evaluate the effect of WPI on the body composition, muscle mass, and strength of chronic HF patients. For this purpose, twenty-five patients of both genders with predominantly NYHA I functional class and a median age of 65.5 (60.5–71.0) years were used to conduct a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial and received 30 g per day of WPI for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis, and biochemical exams were performed at the beginning and end of the study. An increase in skeletal muscle mass was observed in the intervention group after 12 weeks. A reduction in waist circumference, body fat percentage, and an increase in skeletal muscle index was observed when compared to the placebo group. No significant effect on muscle strength was observed after 12 weeks of intervention. These data demonstrate that WPI consumption contributed to the increase of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and reduction of body fat in HF patients.
Effects of Lipid-Modifying and Other Drugs on Lipoprotein(a) Levels—Potent Clinical Implications
Authors: Koutsogianni Amalia Despoina , Liamis George , Liberopoulos Evangelos , Adamidis Petros Spyridonas , Florentin Matilda
Published: May 2023

The past few years have shown an ongoing interest in lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), a lipid molecule that has been proven to have atherogenic, thrombogenic, and inflammatory properties. Several lines of evidence, indeed, have demonstrated an increased risk of cardiovascular disease as well as calcific aortic valve stenosis in patients with elevated Lp(a) levels. Statins, the mainstay of lipid-lowering therapy, slightly increase Lp(a) levels, while most other lipid-modifying agents do not significantly alter Lp(a) concentrations, except for proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors. The latter have been shown to reduce Lp(a) levels; however, the clinical significance of this effect has not been clearly elucidated. Of note, the pharmaceutical lowering of Lp(a) may be achieved with novel treatments specifically designed for this purpose (i.e., antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)). Large clinical trials with cardiovascular outcomes with these agents are ongoing, and their results are eagerly awaited. Furthermore, several non-lipid-modifying drugs of various classes may influence Lp(a) concentrations. We have searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases up to 28 January 2023 and summarized the effects of established and emerging lipid-modifying drugs and other medications on Lp(a) levels. We also discuss the potent clinical implications of these alterations.