bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Missed opportunities of overcoming deadlocks
Authors: Aref’eva Irina
Published: July 2022

In this talk, I would like to speak about two projects that Igor Volovich and I discussed several years ago and which were never completed. The first one concerns string field theory in term of string generalization of vierbein and the second is about possible relations between matrix models and knots. I also discuss our recent projects connected with information paradox.
On Poncelet problem, Abel equation and a Goursat-type boundary value problem
Authors: Burskii V. P.
Published: July 2022

This paper explains a connection between the famous Poncelet problem, the Abel equation, a new moment problem, problems of solution existence and uniqueness of boundary value problems for the string equation and some others in short presentation. We prove a connection of above problem with one problem of Goursat-type for a hyperbolic-like equation of fourth order. We consider a fourth-order differential equation with two multiple characteristics and parameters in the lower terms and a Goursat-type homogeneous boundary value problem with two real boundary conditions in some space of real entire functions. It is proven that this problem has a nontrivial solution in some space if and only if a parameter belongs denumerable dense set of real number.
Black holes in the limiting curvature theory of gravity
Authors: Frolov Valeri P.
Published: July 2022

We discuss a recently proposed limiting curvature theory of gravity and its application to the problem of singularities inside black holes. In this theory the growth of the curvature is suppressed by specially chosen inequality constraints included in the gravity action. We consider a case of a spherically symmetric four-dimensional black hole and demonstrated that imposed curvature constraints modify a solution in the black hole interior. Instead of forming the curvature singularity the modified metric describes a space which is exponentially expanding in one direction and oscillating the other two directions. The space–time is complete and its polynomial curvature invariants are uniformly bounded.
On spherically symmetric ’t Hooft–Polyakov monopoles
Authors: Katanaev M. O.
Published: July 2022

We consider a general spherically symmetric ansatz for [Formula: see text] connection depending on three arbitrary functions in [Formula: see text] gauge model with the triplet of scalar fields in the adjoint representation. A general analytic solution of the Bogomol’nyi equations is derived. It depends on two constants and one arbitrary function on radius. In the particular gauge, the solution coincides with Protogenov’s solutions and contains the Bogomol’nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield solution. Static spherically symmetric Euler–Lagrange equations are considered and reduced to a system of two nonlinear partial differential equations for two unknown functions.
Landau–Zener formula and nonsecular transitions
Authors: Kozyrev S. V.
Published: July 2022

The relationship between the Landau–Zener model (which describes transitions between energy levels for a time-dependent Hamiltonian) and nonsecular master equations is discussed. This approach allows to describe the widely discussed in the literature on quantum photosynthesis resonance of the energy of the vibron and the difference of exciton energies for transitions between exciton states coupled to the vibron.
The flow theorem for big order generators
Authors: Léandre R.
Published: July 2022

Here, we give an extension of the stochastic flow theorem for big order generators written under Hoermander’s form.
Invariant measures for Hamiltonian flows and diffusion in infinitely dimensional phase spaces
Authors: Busovikov V. M. , Sakbaev V. Zh.
Published: July 2022

We study Hamiltonian flows in a real separable Hilbert space endowed with a symplectic structure. Measures on the Hilbert space that are invariant with respect to the group of symplectomorphisms preserving two-dimensional symplectic subspaces are investigated. This construction gives the opportunity to present a random Hamiltonian flow in phase space by means of a random unitary group in the space of functions that are quadratically integrable by invariant measure. The properties of mean values of random shift operators are studied.
Effective Heisenberg equations for quadratic Hamiltonians
Authors: Teretenkov A. E.
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we discuss effective quantum dynamics obtained by averaging projector with respect to free dynamics. For unitary dynamics generated by quadratic fermionic Hamiltonians, we obtain effective Heisenberg dynamics. By perturbative expansions, we obtain the correspondent effective time-local Heisenberg equations. We also discuss a similar problem for bosonic case.
Hamiltonian of mean force in the weak-coupling and high-temperature approximations and refined quantum master equations
Authors: Timofeev G. M. , Trushechkin A. S.
Published: July 2022

The Hamiltonian of mean force is a widely used concept to describe the modification of the usual canonical Gibbs state for a quantum system whose coupling strength with the thermal bath is non-negligible. Here, we perturbatively derive general approximate expressions for the Hamiltonians of mean force in the weak-coupling approximation and in the high-temperature one. We numerically analyze the accuracy of the corresponding expressions and show that the precision of the Bloch–Redfield equantum master equation can be improved if we replace the original system Hamiltonian by the Hamiltonian of mean force.
Modified Lévy Laplacian on manifold and Yang–Mills instantons
Authors: Volkov B. O.
Published: July 2022

In this paper, an infinite-dimensional Laplacian defined as the Cesáro mean of the second-order directional derivatives on manifold is considered. This Laplacian is parametrized by the choice of a curve in the group of orthogonal rotations. It is shown that under certain conditions on the curve, this operator is related to instantons on a four-dimensional manifold.
Note on transmitted complexity for the modified compound states
Authors: Watanabe Noboru
Published: July 2022

In Ref. 27, Ohya proposed the information dynamics synthesizing several ways of studying complex systems. In information dynamics, there are two types of complexities, one is a complexity of state representing system itself and another is a transmitted complexity between two systems. Entropies in classical and quantum systems are examples of these complexities of information dynamics. Transmitted complexity is an important tool to analyze the efficiency of information transmission in communication processes. In order to treat a flow of dynamical process, dynamical entropies were introduced in not only classical but also quantum systems.

Based on the transition expectation introduced by Accardi to study quantum Markov process, the KOW entropy for completely positive (CP) maps was defined in Ref. 17. The generalized AOW and the AF entropies was constructed by the KOW entropy. The compound states are important tool to define the transmitted entropy 43,44. The transmitted complexity associated with the separable compound states is defined by using the generalized AOW entropy in Refs. 36 and 45.

In this paper, we define a transmitted complexity (quantum dynamical mutual entropy) by means of the modified compound states and we prove the fundamental inequalities of the transmitted complexity for the independent quantum dynamical systems.
Notes on the Chernoff estimate
Authors: Zagrebnov Valentin A.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this note is to examine the following issues related to the Chernoff estimate: (1) For contractions on a Banach space, we modify the [Formula: see text]-estimate and apply it in the proof of the Chernoff product formula for [Formula: see text]-semigroups in the strong operator topology. (2) We use the idea of a probabilistic approach, proving the Chernoff estimate in the strong operator topology to uplift it to the operator-norm estimate for quasi-sectorial  contraction semigroups. (3) The operator-norm Chernoff estimate is applied to quasi-sectorial contraction semigroups for proving the operator-norm convergence of the Dunford–Segal  approximants.
On geometry of p-adic polynomials
Authors: Zelenov E. I.
Published: July 2022

In this paper, an analogue of the Gauss–Lucas theorem for polynomials over the algebraic closure [Formula: see text] of the field of [Formula: see text]-adic numbers is considered.
Thermodynamics of novel black holes in massive gravity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics
Authors: Dehghani M.
Published: July 2022

By introducing a static and spherically symmetric geometry, we have solved the coupled electromagnetic and gravitational field equations in the presence of both, massive gravitons and nonlinear electrodynamics. The exact solutions show that massive gravity theory admits two novel classes of nonlinearly charged asymptotically AdS black holes. The black holes’ electric charge, mass, and other thermodynamic quantities have been calculated. Then, by use of a Smarr-type mass formula, it has been proved that the thermodynamical first law is valid for both the new massive black hole solutions. The black hole local stability has been investigated by use of the canonical ensemble and geometrical methods, separately. Through comparison of the results, we found that they are compatible provided that the HEPM or QII thermodynamic metrics are used. Global stability and Hawking–Page phase transition points have been studied by use of the grand canonical ensemble method and regarding the Gibbs free energy of the black holes.
GUP-corrected thermodynamics and remnant of a black hole in Horndeski theory
Authors: Lin Zhi-Wen , Ma Chen , Zhang Yu , Li Qian , Duan Peng-Fei
Published: July 2022

This paper is devoted to study the effects of the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) on Hawking radiation of scalar particles and fermions tunneling of Babichev–Charmousis black hole by using Hamilton–Jacobi method. To this end, we modify the Klein–Gordon equation (K-G equation) and Dirac equation firstly on account of GUP. Then, we apply the semiclassical WKB approximation to derive the corrected Hawking temperature of scalar particles and fermions tunneling process and corresponding corrected thermodynamics quantities of this black hole. We find that the corrected temperature depends on GUP parameter [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, the existence of minimal mass and minimal entropy implies that when the evaporation of the black hole stops, it will leave a remnant.
MSK-UNET: A Modified U-Net Architecture Based on Selective Kernel with Multi-Scale Input for Pavement Crack Detection
Authors: Jiang Xiaoliang , Jiang Jinyun , Yu Jianping , Wang Jun , Wang Ban
Published: July 2022

Pavement crack condition is a vitally important indicator for road maintenance and driving safety. However, due to the interference of complex environment, such as illumination, shadow and noise, the automatic crack detection solution cannot meet the requirements of accuracy and efficiency. In this paper, we present an extended version of U-Net framework, named MSK-UNet, for pavement crack to solve these challenging problems. Specifically, first, the U-shaped network structure is chosen as the framework to extract more hierarchical representation. Second, we introduce selective kernel (SK) units to replace U-Net’s standard convolution blocks for obtaining the receptive fields with distinct scales. Third, multi-scale input layer establishes an image pyramid to retain more image context information at the encoder stage. Finally, a hybrid loss function including generalized Dice loss with Focal loss is employed. In addition, a regularization term is defined to reduce the impact of imbalance between positive and negative samples. To evaluate the performance of our algorithm, some tests were conducted on DeepCrack dataset, AsphaltCrack300 dataset and Crack500 dataset. Experimental results show that our approach can detect various crack types with diverse conditions, obtains a better performance in precision, recall and [Formula: see text]-score, with 97.43%, 96.95% and 97.01% precision values, 82.51%, 93.33% and 87.58% recall values and 95.33%, 99.24% and 98.55% [Formula: see text]-score values, respectively.
A Novel Multi-User Carrier Index Differential Chaos Shift Keying Modulation Scheme
Authors: Yang Hua , Xu Xiaofei , Jiang Guoping , Luo Ronghua
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a novel multi-user carrier index differential chaos shift keying (MU CI-DCSK) modulation scheme is proposed. For a better utilization of spectrum resources, each user is allocated a private subcarrier for reference signal transmission, while the remaining subcarriers are public and shared by all users to transmit their own data-bearing signals. To avoid user interferences in this design, users are distinguished in a code division multiple access (CDMA) way based on Walsh codes. By exploiting the redundancies in the transmitted signals, repeated segments of received signals are averaged, leading to greatly reduced noises and a noticeable improvement in bit error rate (BER) performance. BER expressions of this new system are derived over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multi-path Rayleigh fading channels. Simulation results and comparisons are performed to verify the feasibility and advantages of this new scheme.
Channel Characterization for Hyperloops Using the Nonstationary Geometry-Based Model
Authors: Wang Kai , Liu Liu , Zhang Jiachi , Zhou Tao
Published: July 2022

As a novel means of high-speed transportation, the Hyperloop can proceed at an ultra-high speed (more than 1000 km/h) in the long and narrow pipelines. In this paper, the channel characteristic of the Hyperloop wireless communication systems is the main objective. Based on the geometric scattering theories, a novel nonstationary channel model is proposed to investigate the channel characteristics for Hyperloop train-to-ground communications. According to this model, the channel impulse response (CIR) is obtained, and the closed-form expressions of the multi-link spatial-temporal correlation functions, including the spatial cross-correlation function (CCF) and the temporal autocorrelation function (ACF) are derived and analyzed. Simulation results show that a high correlation between the multi-link channels in vacuum tube scenario can be observed. The relevant research results will contribute to the design of future Hyperloop wireless communication system.
Electricity Theft Detection Based on ReliefF Feature Selection Algorithm and BP Neural Network
Authors: Yang Li , Wang Jinyu , Zhou Nianrong , Wang Zexin , Li Chuan
Published: July 2022

As China’s distributed energy is still in the development stage, energy transmission loss will inevitably occur in the transmission process from the source end to the load end. To reduce transmission energy loss, we should also beware of electricity theft. The principle of common electricity theft methods is analyzed to improve the accuracy of established electricity theft characteristics and electricity theft detection. The ReliefF multivariate characteristics selection algorithm optimizes the electricity theft characteristics. The back propagation (BP) neural network-based electricity theft detection model is built, and the optimized characteristics are selected as the model’s input. The experiment results show that the detection model has better electricity theft identification accuracy using the optimized characteristics for electricity theft detection.
A Fault Localization Approach Based on BiRNN and Multi-Dimensional Features
Authors: Yan Yue , Jiang Shujuan , Wang Rongcun , Zhang Cheng , Wang Chen , Zhang Shengang , Wen Min
Published: July 2022

Software fault localization is notoriously tedious and time-consuming. Developed rapidly, machine learning techniques have been adopted for fault localization by researchers. Most existing approaches use the test coverage information as feature input to the learning model, ignoring the limited ability of the single-dimensional features. The effectiveness of fault localization is not greatly improved. To overcome the limitation, we propose a fault localization approach based on Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks (BiRNNs) and multi-dimensional features. Our approach collects suspiciousness-based, text similarity-based and fault-proneness-based features from the traditional fault localization areas and software metrics. To evaluate our approach, the experiments have been studied on the real-fault benchmark Defects4J and seeded fault program NanoXML. The experimental results show that our approach effectively improves fault localization accuracy.
Sequence-Aware API Recommendation Based on Collaborative Filtering
Authors: Wang Yongchao , Zhou Yu , Chen Taolue , Zhang Jingxuan , Yang Wenhua , Huang Zhiqiu
Published: July 2022

API recommendation is crucial to improve programmers’ productivity. A lot of work has been proposed to improve the accuracy of API recommendations. In the existing work, many metrics, such as Precision, Recall, and MAP are used to evaluate the accuracy of the recommendation. These metrics can well reflect the ability to distinguish useful APIs from the candidate set, but they cannot evaluate the ability to determine the priority of useful APIs with each other. The priority between related APIs directly determines whether the recommended results are practical for developers. From this perspective, inspired by the sequence-aware recommendation, this paper constructs an API recommendation method with sequence awareness and designs new metrics to evaluate the method’s ability to determine the priority of useful APIs. The experimental results show that, compared with the baseline, the proposed method not only achieves better results on the common widely-used metrics but also outperforms the baseline method concerning the newly proposed sequence metrics.
A kinetic modeling of crowd evacuation with several groups in complex venues
Authors: Liao Jie , Zhou Liwen
Published: July 2022

The evacuation of human crowds consisting of several groups in complex venues is studied, in this paper, by the kinetic theory of active particles. We consider a complex venue that consists of several chambers which are separated by interior walls and doors, for which the geometrical effects may come from the walls both on the boundary and inside the domain, the exits, and the doors connecting the chambers. The geometrical properties are incorporated in the geometrical preferred direction, which is specified such that an individual can avoid the wall and approach the exit through the evacuation vector. The notion of group is corresponding to the concept of functional subsystem in the mathematical theory of active particles. In the present framework of several groups, the rules of interactions can be specified for both the interactions among the same group and the interactions between different groups. Furthermore, the motility is assigned for each group, which serves as the average activity of a group. Some interesting features and phenomena are shown in the numerical tests of the evacuation of a crowd with one, two or three groups.
Mathematical modeling and dissipative structure for systems of magnetohydrodynamics with Hall effect
Authors: Kawashima Shuichi , Nakasato Ryosuke , Ogawa Takayoshi
Published: July 2022

This paper is concerned with the mathematical modeling of electro-magneto-hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics by taking account of the Hall effect. We discuss conservation laws, strict convexity of the negative entropy as a function of conserved quantities, and the associated energy form. Moreover, we investigate the dissipative structure and decay properties of the linearized systems as applications of the general theory developed in Umeda et al. [On the decay of solutions to the linearized equations of electro-magneto-fluid dynamics, Japan J. Appl. Math. 1 (1984) 435–457] and Shizuta and Kawashima [Systems of equations of hyperbolic–parabolic type with applications to the discrete Boltzmann equation, Hokkaido Math. J. 14 (1985) 249–275].
A NUMERICAL SCHEME FOR THE GENERALIZED ABC FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVE BASED ON LAGRANGE INTERPOLATION POLYNOMIAL
Authors: KHAN AZIZ , ABDELJAWAD THABET , KHAN HASIB
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a numerical and analytical investigation of a Hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission concept is described in the context of fractional order. The model is an extension of the classical model to a fractional order. The existence, uniqueness, Hyers–Ulam-type stability, and numerical results are all discussed in the work. Lagrange’s interpolation polynomial technique is used for the numerical outcomes. The proposed method has a high level of precision and a low computing cost. We observe that the numerical results for the fractional-order model also contain the dynamics of the previous integer-order model as a special case. Finally, numerical solutions are implemented for the fractional-order HCV model to demonstrate the results graphically.
Probability Distribution Functions of Maximum Wheel Unloading Rate Based on Extremal Index
Authors: Zhou Zi-Ji , Zhang Nan , Wang Zhang-Ming
Published: July 2022

To study the probabilistic distribution of maximum wheel unloading rate of high-speed trains and its temporal correlation when a train passes over a bridge, a method for the estimation of the extremal index is proposed. Using the time series threshold theory, the maximum value cumulative distribution function (CDF) when the wheel unloading rate is regarded as a time series is derived and validated. This approach can also address dependent series, which the traditional probability distribution function formulas could not. Then, the difference between treating the wheel unloading rate as a time series and independent series is investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, the influence of the number of calculation steps on the threshold is studied, and the differences between thresholds calculated by different extremal indices when considering the number of trains running during the service period of the bridge are explored. The maximum value CDFs of the wheel unloading rate for different track irregularities, bridge lengths, and vehicle speeds are investigated for a three-span simply-supported bridge. The results show that the differences in the maximum value probability density functions (PDFs) obtained by considering the wheel unloading rate as time series and independent random series cannot be ignored. However, when studying a high-confidence level problem, such as the threshold of the wheel unloading rate, the difference between the two approaches is small enough. As the number of calculation steps increases, the extremal index will gradually decrease. When considering a long-distance high-speed rail line, its shorter segment can be used to study the threshold of the wheel unloading rate.
Dynamic Stability and Responses of Beams on Elastic Foundations Under a Parametric Load
Authors: Deng Jian , Shahroudi Mohammadmehdi , Liu Kefu
Published: July 2022

This paper is concerned with numerical simulation of both dynamic stability and responses of beams on elastic foundations under a pulsating axial parametric load in a single matrix method. First, the equation of motion of a beam on an elastic foundation with damping is derived and decoupled into a Mathieu–Hill equation. Three different elastic foundations are considered and compared: Winkler, Pasternak, and Hetenyi models. Then a novel numerical simulation algorithm is proposed to investigate both the dynamic stability and the responses of the beam simultaneously. Accurate instability diagrams are obtained by the numerical simulation and are substantiated by vibration response curves obtained from the same method. These numerically accurate diagrams are used to calibrate the approximate instability boundaries of various orders of Hill infinite determinants from the classical Bolotin method for the first time. A detailed discussion is presented on effects of various aspects including elastic foundation models, damping, and static and dynamic loads. The results provide insights into the efficient and safe application of beams on elastic foundations in engineering. The proposed numerical method can be extended to analyze dynamic stability and vibrations of systems under arbitrary parametric excitations where Mathieu–Hill equations are involved.
RBFNN for Calculating the Stationary Response of SDOF Nonlinear Systems Excited by Poisson White Noise
Authors: Ye Wenwei , Chen Lincong , Qian Jiamin , Sun Jianqiao
Published: July 2022

Random perturbations in nature described by non-Gaussian excitation models are far more widely applied and development prospects than that of Gaussian excitation models in practice. However, the stochastic dynamics research of non-Gaussian excitation is still not very mature. In this work, radial-basis-function-neural-network (RBFNN) is applied for calculating the stationary response of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) nonlinear system excited by Poisson white noise. Specifically, the trial probability-density-function (PDF) solution of reduced generalized-Fokker–Plank–Kolmogorov (GFPK) equation is constructed by a suitable number of Gaussian basis functions (GBFs) with a fixed set of means and standard deviations. Subsequently, an approximate squared error of the GFPK equation in a finite domain is considered. Together with the normalization condition, the approximate squared error can be minimized by establishing a Lagrangian function, and then the optimal weight coefficients associated with the approximate PDF solution are solved from a system of linear algebraic equations. For demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed procedure, two specific examples are presented. The corresponding reduced GFPK equation is truncated with higher order for the strong non-Gaussian case. The precision of the analytical solution is verified against the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) data. In addition, all the results indicate that RBFNN shows fairly high efficiency under the premise of ensuring high precision in the whole computational procedure.
Global Stability Performance of Multi-Cellular T-Shaped CFST Slender Columns under Eccentric Compression
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Yu-Jia , Tong Jing-Zhong , Tong Gen-Shu , Yu Chao-Qun , Xu Yi-Min
Published: July 2022

With the development of pre-fabricated composite structures, concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) columns have been widely used, and researches on T-shaped CFST slender columns have attracted much attention. Since ordinary T-shaped CFST columns have weak constraint on concrete at the sectional concave angle region and local buckling easily occurs in this region, a multi-cellular T-shaped concrete filled steel tubular (MCT-CFST) column was developed for improving the axial resistant performance. In this study, the global stability performance of MCT-CFST slender columns under uniaxial eccentric compression was investigated. Firstly, three pin-ended MCT-CFST slender columns were tested under eccentric compression with different eccentricities. Secondly, a refined finite-element (FE) model of MCT-CFST column was established, and the load–displacement curves, Mises stress and deformation diagrams from the FE analysis were compared with the experimental results to verify the validity of the FE model. Moreover, based on the validated FE model, a parametric analysis was carried out to study the effects of normalized slenderness ratio, thickness of steel plate and material strength on the global stability performance of MCT-CFST slender columns under combined axial and bending loads. Finally, [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] interaction curves were obtained from the numerical simulations, and these results were considered to provide valuable references for designing MCT-CFST slender columns in engineering practice.
Continuity and topological structural stability for nonautonomous random attractors
Authors: Caraballo Tomás , Langa José A. , Carvalho Alexandre N. , Oliveira-Sousa Alexandre N.
Published: July 2022

In this work, we study the continuity and topological structural stability of attractors for nonautonomous random differential equations obtained by small bounded random perturbations of autonomous semilinear problems. First, we study the existence and permanence of unstable sets of hyperbolic solutions. Then, we use this to establish the lower semicontinuity of nonautonomous random attractors and to show that the gradient structure persists under nonautonomous random perturbations. Finally, we apply the abstract results in a stochastic differential equation and in a damped wave equation with a perturbation on the damping.
Essential dimension of central simple algebras of degree 8 and exponent 2 in characteristic 2
Authors: Chapman Adam
Published: July 2022

The goal of this note is to reduce the existing upper bound for the essential dimension of central simple algebras of degree 8 and exponent 2 over fields of characteristic 2 from 10 to 9.
Comparative Analysis and Optimization of Thermoelectric Machining of Alumina and Silicon Carbide-Reinforced Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites Using Different Electrodes
Authors: Singh Dhirendra Pratap , Mishra Sanjay , Yadav Sanjeev Kumar Singh , Porwal Rajesh Kumar , Singh Vivekanand
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a comparative experimental analysis of die-sinking electric discharge machining (EDM) to two most exhaustively used aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs) has been performed using Copper and Tungsten as tool electrodes. AMMCs containing silicon carbide (SiC) and alumina (Al2O[Formula: see text] as reinforcement (10[Formula: see text]wt%) were fabricated by stir casting method. The Box–Behnken Design (BBD) approach of response surface methodology was used to develop experimental models for material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR). Effect of input parameters such as current ([Formula: see text]–12[Formula: see text]A), gap voltage ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V), pulse-on time ([Formula: see text]s), and duty factor ([Formula: see text]–6) on the output responses has been investigated with response surface plots. Effectiveness of design of experiment (DoE) and evolutionary algorithm-based multi-objective optimization (MOO) technique have been compared to find the best feasible optimal solution. ANOVA analysis reveals that for alumina reinforced AMMC interaction between [Formula: see text] has significant effect on both MRR and SR using Cu electrode. But for tungsten, electrode interaction between [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] have major role on MRR whereas SR is mostly influenced by interaction between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The parametric analysis reveals that an increase of current from 4[Formula: see text]A to 12[Formula: see text]A at a higher pulse-ontime increases the MRR more significantly, and higher MRR occurs in cases of alumina-reinforced AMMC. Increase of pulse-ontime at low current (4[Formula: see text]A) reduces the MRR in AMMC/Al2O3. Good surface finish can be obtained by combining high voltage (60[Formula: see text]V) with either small current (4[Formula: see text]A) or small duty factor (4) for both AMMCs. Both DoE and metaheuristic-based MOO technique reveals that copper electrode should be preferred for die-sinking EDM of AMMC/SiC. Metaheuristic approach should be preferred for optimization of die-sinking EDM of AMMCs using different electrodes because it requires low current for effective machining of different AMMCs.
Modeling of Bianchi type I accelerating Universe in Lyra’s manifold
Authors: Shrivastava Preeti , Gupta Lalit Kumar , Prasad Rajendra , Khan A. J. , Srivastava Sudhir Kumar , Goswami G. K. , Yadav Anil Kumar
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we have investigated a spatially homogeneous and anisotropic accelerating Universe in Lyra’s geometry. Einstein’s field equations are solved explicitly by assuming dependent relation among the directional scale factors. In this paper, we use observational [Formula: see text] data (OHD) and Pantheon compilation of recent type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) data to constrain the model parameters of the Universe in derived model. We constrained the present value of Hubble parameter [Formula: see text] and deceleration parameter [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text] km/s/Mpc and [Formula: see text] together with transition redshift [Formula: see text]. We have also constrained the present age of the Universe in close vicinity of its observational value. Furthermore, we diagnose the statefinder parameters to know a geometrical discrimination of this model with standard [Formula: see text]CDM model. Some physical aspects of the Universe are also discussed.
Phantom dark energy nature of bulk-viscosity universe in modified f(Q)-gravity
Authors: Dixit Archana , Maurya Dinesh Chandra , Pradhan Anirudh
Published: July 2022

This paper deals with an anisotropic cosmological model in the modified theory of [Formula: see text]-gravity filled with bulk-viscosity fluid. We investigated the modified [Formula: see text]-gravity with quadratic form [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the non-metricity scalar and [Formula: see text] is a positive constant, in Locally-Rotationally Symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type-[Formula: see text] space time universe. We have solved the modified Einstein’s field equations with bulk-viscosity factor [Formula: see text] and obtained average scale factor [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a constant and [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. We have investigated the model in two cases [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We have found the best-fit values of model parameters with observational datasets like Union 2.1 compilation and Joint Light Curve Analysis (JLA) datasets by applying [Formula: see text]-test formula in curve-fitting. Using these best-fit values of model parameters, we have studied the cosmological parameter like Hubble parameter [Formula: see text] and deceleration parameter [Formula: see text], equation of state (EoS) parameter, age of the present universe [Formula: see text], etc. We have obtained a transit model (i.e. decelerating to accelerating in current) in the first case [Formula: see text] and a transit phase model from accelerating to decelerating in the second case [Formula: see text]. We have investigated the EoS parameter [Formula: see text] for bulk-viscosity and obtained the present values as [Formula: see text], which is supported by the observational results. We have also analyzed energy conditions and statefinder parameters and found that our model approaches to LCDM model in the future.
3-Dimensional f-Kenmotsu manifolds and solitons
Authors: Sardar Arpan , De Uday Chand , Najafi Behzad
Published: July 2022

In this paper, Yamabe solitons, gradient Yamabe solitons and gradient [Formula: see text]-Einstein solitons have been investigated on 3-dimensional [Formula: see text]-Kenmotsu manifolds. Moreover, we characterize 3-dimensional [Formula: see text]-Kenmotsu manifolds admitting *-Ricci solitons and gradient *-Ricci solitons, respectively.
Lagrangian corresponding to some Gup models
Authors: Chung Won Sang , Heidari Narges , Hassanabadi Hassan , Mohammadzadeh Hosein
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we introduce the generalized Legendre transformation for the GUP Hamiltonian. From this, we define the non-canonical momentum. We interpret the momentum in GUP as the non-canonical momentum. We construct the GUP Lagrangian for some GUP models.
Development of a Location Optimization Method for Embedded Components
Authors: Liu Dedao , Chiu Louis N. S. , Davies Christopher H. J. , Yan Wenyi
Published: July 2022

Embedded components can be found in structures such as multi-material additively manufactured structures and sensors embedded for health monitoring. The embedded components often have different materials from the base structure. Variation of Young’s modulus from the base structure to the embedded components can lead to variation in stress values. Variation of material strengths leads to the load bearing capacity of the component being different from the base structure. The location of embedded components has a significant influence on the stress in these components. An appropriate choice of component location could significantly reduce its stress. In this paper, a location optimization method is developed to reduce the stress in components embedded inside the structures. The sensitivity of maximum von Mises stress around the component with respect to its placement is calculated through the adjoint method. A gradient-based solver is applied to solve the optimization problem. A cantilever beam with one component was used to demonstrate the feasibility of the method. The method was applied to two case studies and significant reduction in the maximum von Mises stress of component was achieved.
Enhanced Colloidal Stability of Silver Nanoparticles by Green Synthesis Approach: Characterization and Anti-Leishmaniasis Activity
Authors: Salavati Maryam Samareh , Amini Seyed Mohammad , Nooshadokht Maryam , Shahabi Arman , Sharifi Fatemeh , Afgar Ali , Yousefpoor Yaser , Mirzaei-Parsa Mohamad Javad
Published: July 2022

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered an appropriate approach to treat the leishmaniasis in terms of the toxicity and resistance of current anti-leishmanial drugs. This study aimed to prepare stable AgNP and their apoptotic effects on the metabolic activity of Leishmania major. AgNPs were prepared with a green synthesis method using Z. multiflora Boiss ([Formula: see text] extract as a reducing and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) stabilizer agent. The formation and colloidal stability of AgNPs were shown using ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy during an 80-day period. The average diameter of [Formula: see text] nm and the surface charge of [Formula: see text] mv were obtained for AgNPs. Furthermore, the toxicity and apoptotic values of AgNPs on Leishmania major were evaluated by MTT assay and flow cytometry, compared with [Formula: see text] (meglumine antimoniate) as the current standard medication for leishmaniosis. The results indicated that [Formula: see text] extracts coated AgNPs (Z.M@AgNPs) reached [Formula: see text] at a 100 [Formula: see text]g/mL concentration, while [Formula: see text] reached this point at a concentration of 4000 [Formula: see text]g/mL. The flow cytometry data revealed that the primary mechanism of death in the promastigotes was apoptosis (35.44% for AgNPs and 32.69% for [Formula: see text]). The present findings suggest that Z.M@AgNPs are superior therapeutic agents than [Formula: see text] as the positive control group for leishmaniasis treatment. However, further advanced studies are needed to confirm these results.
A Turn-On Fluorescent Probe for Determination of Ascorbic Acid Based on CaF2:Yb3+, Er3+ Upconversion Nanoparticles
Authors: Shi Sisi , Geng Hongchao , Sun Leilei , Huang Yao , Cai Qingyun
Published: July 2022

A turn-on fluorometric probe is designed for the determination of ascorbic acid (AA) based on the inner filter effect (IFE) between CaF2:[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] upconversion nanoparticles (CaF2:[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] NPs) and the oxidized 3, [Formula: see text], 5, [Formula: see text]-tetramethylbenzidine (oxTMB). The colorless TMB can be oxidized by H2O2/[Formula: see text] to blue oxTMB. Under 980 nm photoexcitation, CaF2:[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] NPs can emit red light, which can be absorbed by the blue oxTMB, leading to the fluorescence quenching at 657 nm. As AA can reduce the blue oxTMB to colorless TMB, the fluorescence at 657 nm can be recovered with the addition of AA, which can accomplish the detection towards AA. The linear detection range of AA is from 1 to 30 [Formula: see text]M, and the limit of detection (LOD) of AA is 0.1 [Formula: see text]M.
Efficient Binary Static Code Data Flow Analysis Using Unsupervised Learning
Authors: Obert James , Loffredo Tim
Published: July 2022

The ever-increasing need to ensure that code is reliably, efficiently and safely constructed has fueled the evolution of popular static binary code analysis tools. In identifying potential coding flaws in binaries, tools such as IDA Pro are used to disassemble the binaries into an opcode/ assembly language format in support of manual static code analysis. Because of the highly manual and resource-intensive nature involved with analyzing large binaries, the probability of overlooking potential coding irregularities and inefficiencies is quite high. In this paper, a light-weight, unsupervised data flow methodology is described which uses highly correlated data flow graph (CDFGs) to identify coding irregularities such that analysis time and required computing resources are minimized. Such analysis accuracy and efficiency gains are achieved by using a combination of graph analysis and unsupervised machine learning techniques which allows an analyst to focus on the most statistically significant flow patterns while performing binary static code analysis.
To Extend or Not to Extend? Enriching a Corpus with Complementary and Related Documents
Authors: Bender Magnus , Kuhr Felix , Braun Tanya
Published: July 2022

An agent in pursuit of a task may work with a corpus of documents with linked subjective content descriptions. Performing the task of document retrieval for a user or aiming to extend its own corpus, an agent so far relies on similarity measures to identify related documents. However, similarity may not be appropriate if looking for new information or different aspects of the same content. Therefore, this paper combines complementarity- and similarity-based identification of documents, specifically, contributing (i) a formal definition of complementarity using the available subjective content descriptions in the form of relational tuples as well as a taxonomy interrelating the concepts of the tuples, (ii) a technique for classifying complementary and related documents in one go, and (iii) a case study assessing the classification performance for complementary and related documents.
Automated Hashtag Hierarchy Generation Using Community Detection and the Shannon Diversity Index, with Applications to Twitter and Parler
Authors: Torene Spencer , Follmann Andrew , Teague Thomas , Chang Peter , Howald Blake
Published: July 2022

Developing semantic hierarchies from user-created hashtags in social media can provide useful organizational structure to large volumes of data. However, construction of these hierarchies is difficult using established ontologies (e.g. WordNet [C. Fellbaum (ed.), WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1998)]) due to the differences in the semantic and pragmatic use of words versus hashtags in social media. While alternative construction methods based on hashtag frequency are relatively straightforward, these methods can be susceptible to the dynamic nature of social media, such as hashtags with brief surges in popularity. We drew inspiration from the ecologically based Shannon Diversity Index (SDI) [J. L. Wilhm, Use of biomass units in Shannon’s formula, Ecology 49(1) (1968) 153–156] to create a more representative and resilient method of semantic hierarchy construction that relies upon network-based community detection and a novel, entropy-based ensemble diversity index (EDI) score. The EDI quantifies the contextual diversity of each hashtag, resulting in thousands of semantically related groups of hashtags organized along a general-to-specific spectrum. Through an application of EDI to social media data (Twitter and Parler) and a comparison of our results to prior approaches, we demonstrate our method’s ability to create semantically consistent hierarchies that can be flexibly applied and adapted to a range of use cases.
Photoswitchable semiconducting polymer dots with photosensitizer molecule and photochromic molecule loading for photodynamic cancer therapy
Authors: Guo Lu , Xu Bo , Chen Haobin , Tang Ying
Published: July 2022

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new and rapidly developing treatment modality for clinical cancer therapy. Semiconductor polymer dots (Pdots) doped with photosensitizers have been successfully applied to PDT, and have made progress in the field of tumor therapy. However, the problems of severe photosensitivity and limited tissue penetration depth are needed to be solved during the implementation process of PDT. Here we developed the Pdots doped with photosensitizer molecule Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and photochromic molecule 1,2-bis(2,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-3-thiophene)-3,3,4,5-hexafluoro-1-cyclopentene (BTE) to construct a photoswitchable nanoplatform for PDT. The Ce6-BTE-doped Pdots were in the green region, and the tissue penetration depth was increased compared with most Pdots in the blue region. The reversible conversion of BTE under different light irradiation was utilized to regulate the photodynamic effect and solve the problem of photosensitivity. The prepared Ce6-BTE-doped Pdots had small size, excellent optical property, efficient ROS generation and good photoswitchable ability. The cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and photodynamic effect of the Pdots were detected in human colon tumor cells. The experiments in vitro indicated that Ce6-BTE-doped Pdots could exert excellent photodynamic effect in ON state and reduce photosensitivity in OFF state. These results demonstrated that this nanoplatform holds the potential to be used in clinical PDT.
Quantitative analysis of collagen morphology in breast cancer from millimeter scale using multiphoton microscopy
Authors: Liu Yulan , Xu Shunwu , Kang Deyong , Huang Xingxin , Xu Shuoyu , Li Lianhuang , Zheng Liqin , Qiu Lida , Zhan Zhenlin , Han Xiahui , Chen Jianxin
Published: July 2022

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is now recognized as an important participant of tumor progression. As the most abundant extracellular matrix component in TME, collagen plays an important role in tumor development. The imaging study of collagen morphological feature in TME is of great significance for understanding the state of tumor. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM), based on second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF), can be used to monitor the morphological changes of biological tissues without labeling. In this study, we used MPM for large-scale imaging of early invasive breast cancer from the tumor center to normal tissues far from the tumor. We found that there were significant differences in collagen morphology between breast cancer tumor boundary, near tumor transition region and normal tissues far from the tumor. Furthermore, the morphological feature of eight collagen fibers was extracted to quantify the variation trend of collagen in three regions. These results may provide a new perspective for the optimal negative margin width of breast-conserving surgery and the understanding of tumor metastasis.
Single-cell analysis reveals microbial spore responses to microwave radiation
Authors: Qiu Siyi , Fan Haihua , He Lin
Published: July 2022

To determine the effects of microwave radiation at the molecular level as well as on the germination, growth and morphology of dry spores at the single-cell level. Dry Bacillus aryabhattai MCCC 1K02966 spores were microwave-treated at different powers and characterized using single-cell optical technology. As determined by laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy, the Ca[Formula: see text]-dipicolinic acid content increased and nucleic acid denaturation occurred in response to microwave treatment. Live-cell microscopy revealed that the germination and growth rates decreased as the microwave power increased. With respect to morphology, atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated that spores became wrinkled and rough after microwave treatment. Furthermore, spores became smaller as the microwave power increased. Microwave treatment can damage DNA, and high-power microwaves can inhibit the germination of spores and reduce spore volumes. These results provide a new perspective on the responses of living single cells to microwave radiation and demonstrate the application of various new techniques for analyses of microorganisms at the single-cell level.