bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Emission from the PeVatron-candidate Supernova Remnant G106.3+2.7
Authors: Fujita Yutaka , Bamba Aya , Nobukawa Kumiko K. , Matsumoto Hironori
Published: May 2021

We report the discovery of diffuse X-ray emission around the supernova remnant (SNR) G106.3+2.7, which is associated with VER J2227+608 and HAWC J2227+610 and is known as a candidate for a PeV cosmic-ray accelerator (PeVatron). We analyze observational data of Suzaku around the SNR and the adjacent pulsar PSR J2229+6114. We find diffuse X-ray emission that is represented by either thermal or nonthermal processes. However, the metal abundance for the thermal emission is <0.13 Z
⊙, which may be too small in the Milky Way and suggests that the emission is nonthermal. The intensity of the diffuse emission increases toward PSR J2229+6114 in the same way as radio emission, and it is in contrast with gamma-ray emission concentrated on a molecular cloud. The X-ray photon index does not change with the distance from the pulsar and it indicates that radiative cooling is ineffective and particle diffusion is not extremely slow. The X-ray and radio emissions seem to be of leptonic origin and the parent electrons may originate from the pulsar. The gamma-ray emission appears to be of hadronic origin because of its spatial distribution. The parent protons may be tightly confined in the cloud separately from the diffusing electrons.
Accretion-induced Black Hole Spin-up Revised by Numerical General Relativistic MHD
Authors: Ł. Król Dominika , Janiuk Agnieszka
Published: May 2021

We investigate the accretion-induced spin-up of the black hole via numerical simulations. Our method is based on general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics of the slowly rotating flows in the Kerr metric, where possibly transonic shock fronts may form. We account for the changing black hole mass and spin during accretion that enforces dynamical evolution of the spacetime metric. We first study nonmagnetized flows with shocks, and we also include magnetic field endowed in the gas. The aim of this study is to verify whether the high-mass black holes may be produced with large spins, even though at birth the collapsars might have contained slowly or moderately spinning cores. In this way, we put constraints on the content of angular momentum in the collapsing massive stars. Our studies are also showing that shock fronts and magnetic fields may halt accretion and limit the black hole spin-up in the exploding supernovae.
Interstellar Pickup Ion Observations Halfway to the Termination Shock
Authors: McComas D. J. , Swaczyna P. , Szalay J. R. , Zirnstein E. J. , Rankin J. S. , Elliott H. A. , Singer K. , Spencer J. , Stern S. A. , Weaver H.
Published: May 2021

In this study, we extend the prior interstellar pickup ion (PUI) observations from the Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) instrument on New Horizons out to nearly 47 au—essentially halfway to the termination shock in the upwind direction. We also provide significantly improved analyses of these and prior observations, including incorporating a cooling index, α, to characterize the nonadiabatic heating of PUI distributions. We find that the vast majority (93.6%) of all distributions show additional heating above adiabatic cooling. Speed jumps indicate compressional waves and shocks with associated enhancements in core solar wind and PUI densities and temperatures. Interestingly, additional heating of the PUIs as indicated by a peak in the cooling index follows the jumps by about a week. We characterize nearly continuous solar wind and H+ PUI data over ∼22–47 au, producing radial gradients, “fiducial” values at 45 au—halfway to the nominal upstream termination shock—for direct comparison to models, and extrapolated values at the shock. These termination shock values are n
PUI = (4.1 ± 0.6) × 10−4 cm−3, T
PUI = (5.0 ± 0.4) × 106 K, P
PUI = 30 ± 4 fPa, α = 2.9 ± 0.2, n
PUI/n
Total = 0.24 ± 0.02, T
PUI/T
SW = 716 ± 124, P
PUI/P
SW = 173 ± 32, P
PUI/P
SW − Dyn = 0.14 ± 0.01. The PUI thermal pressure exceeds by more than an order of magnitude the thermal solar wind and magnetic pressures in the outer heliosphere. SWAP provides the first and only direct observations of interstellar PUIs in the outer heliosphere, which are critical for both inferring the plasma conditions at the termination shock and understanding PUI-mediated shocks in general. This study examines these observations and serves as the citable reference for these critical data.
Taxonomic revision of Martinella Baill. (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae)
Authors: Kataoka Eric Y. , Lohmann Lúcia G.
Published: May 2021

Martinella Baill. is a genus of Neotropical lianas in tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). The genus is monophyletic and well supported by morphological and molecular characters. Members of Martinella are characterized by a continuous interpetiolar ridge surrounding the stem, bilobed or 4–5-parted calyces, and minute triangular prophylls of the axillary buds. Generic circumscription remained unchanged since the description of the genus, although unclear species limits remained. Based on extensive fieldwork, herbarium work, and a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus, we here recognize five species of Martinella. Of these, three were recognized in earlier treatments for the genus, while two represent new species described here, Martinella lanuginosa Kataoka & L.G.Lohmann, sp. nov. and Martinella tomentosa Kataoka & L.G.Lohmann, sp. nov.Martinella iquitoensis A.Samp. is treated as a synonym of M. insculpta Sprague & Sandwith. In addition, one second-step lectotype is designated for Bignonia martini DC., and neotypes are designated for Doxantha longisiliqua Miers and Martinella gollmeri K.Schum. This work provides a full taxonomic treatment for Martinella, including a complete list of synonyms, morphological descriptions, illustrations, photographs, distribution maps, conservation status, and comments for all five species recognized.
Birmanie : coup de grâce pour la Constitution ?
Authors: Brac de La Perrière Bénédicte
Published: May 2021

Le coup d’État militaire survenu en Birmanie en février 2021 a suscité un important mouvement de désobéissance civile et de protestations qui, malgré une violente répression, ne faiblit pas. La fracture entre le pouvoir et les aspirations démocratiques du peuple semble aujourd’hui avoir atteint un point de non-retour.
Politique et justice au Kosovo : entre intrigues et vérités
Authors: Hubrecht Joël , Vukpalaj Anton
Published: May 2021

L’instruction menée par le tribunal spécial du Kosovo bouleverse les partages politiques, en touchant plusieurs membres de l’ancien mouvement de libération du pays encore au pouvoir, à commencer par le président Thaçi lui-même. L’enquête, entravée de toutes parts, exacerbe les ambigüités du pays vis-à-vis de sa classe dirigeante et de la justice internationale.
Le néolibéralisme et l’art de gouverner
Authors: Meunier François
Published: May 2021

La genèse du libéralisme ne tient pas tant à la notion du marché qu’à la capacité de la société à s’organiser en dehors du prince. Mais elle est marquée par une bifurcation entre ceux qui pensent que le gouvernement est en trop et ceux qui souhaitent son intervention, notamment pour imposer le principe de concurrence. Cette bifurcation se maintient avec la rupture néolibérale qu’est la financiarisation de l’économie.
Changer de métier pour devenir enseignant : transitions professionnelles et dynamiques identitaires
Authors: Perez-Roux Thérèse
Published: May 2021

En France, l’entrée dans le métier enseignant est accompagnée d’un temps de formation en alternance. L’étude s’intéresse à ce moment de transition professionnelle pour des futurs enseignants en Lycée professionnel qui ont à assurer la formation des élèves, dans un métier qu’ils ont eux-mêmes exercé pendant plusieurs années. Sur la base d’une double méthodologie, nous présentons trois portraits de futurs enseignants en conduite routière, aux parcours différents en termes de niveau de diplôme, d’expérience professionnelle, de rapport à la formation et au(x) métier(s). Les résultats rendent compte des registres de savoirs mobilisés, fonctionnant comme obstacles ou ressources dans le processus de professionnalisation. Ils éclairent certaines conditions favorisant la transition professionnelle : complémentarité des espaces de formation, modalités d’insertion dans l’établissement d’accueil, appui sur les collectifs de travail, temporalité nécessaire aux transformations. Des formes de remaniement apparaissent de façon différenciée. Elles sont organisées autour d’un projet identitaire qui nécessite de relier passé et avenir, image de soi et reconnaissance d’autrui, diversité des expériences et mise en cohérence de l’action dans un nouvel univers professionnel pour lequel nombre de repères restent à construire.
La notion de situation dans l'étude des phénomène d'enseignement et d'apprentissage des langues : vers une perspective socio-didactique
Authors: Dolz Joaquim , Tupin Frédéric
Published: May 2021

Cet article s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une progression ayant donné lieu à une réflexion et à plusieurs publications successives initiées en 2006. Après avoir tenté d'élargir les frontières de la notion de situation et de son usage pour éclairer les phénomènes d'enseignement-apprentissage sous l'effet des apports de la sociologie (Tupin, 2006) puis, plaidé pour une appréhension conjointe du « sujet épistémique » et du « sujet social », via l'organisation d'un dialogue entre didactique et sociologie (Tupin & Dolz, 2008), le présent article vise à revisiter la stratification de la notion de situation et de son usage, sous l'angle particulier de la co-présence des langues dans la société, à l'école et dans la classe. Ce texte met en perspective un ensemble de registres au fil desquels la notion de situation est convoquée et se décline dans le champ d'intervention de la didactique des langues. Les caractéristiques du matériau linguistique semblent à cet égard confronter le système didactique à un objet particulier, celui des connaissances et pratiques langagières à l'œuvre dans le contexte scolaire. La transversalité de cet objet qui embrasse des statuts forts différents, des contenus multiples et d’importantes variations d’usage réinterroge les liens à tisser entre les « phénomènes internes » et « phénomènes externes » à la classe. Cette hétérogénéité qui caractérise tant les situations scolaires que leurs traductions didactiques nécessite une mise en lumière grâce aux approches croisées de la sociolinguistique et des didactiques des langues. La prochaine étape consistera à réactiver un modèle articulant « face interne » et « face externe » des situations d'enseignement-apprentissage dans le mouvement dialectique qui les unit.
Situations-problèmes et disciplines scolaires : analyse des cadres opératoires privilégiés par des futurs enseignants québécois du primaire pour l’enseignement des sciences et des sciences humaines
Authors: Lebrun Johanne , Hasni Abdelkrim , Araújo-Oliveira Anderson
Published: May 2021

Sur la base de données de recherche, le texte dégage et analyse les différents cadres opératoires que des futurs enseignants québécois du primaire privilégient pour la structuration et la mise en œuvre de situations-problèmes en enseignement des sciences et des sciences humaines. L’analyse démontre que les cinq cadres opératoires identifiés génèrent des situations d’enseignement-apprentissage qui s’éloignent largement des caractéristiques d’une situation-problème. Ces cadres opératoires ont tous pour points communs de privilégier l’une ou l’autre des dimensions constitutives du sens et de reposer sur une médiation pédagogicodidactique et cognitive qui s’exerce en marge des savoirs disciplinaires et du principe d’intelligibilité des disciplines. En ce sens, malgré les injonctions ministérielles quant à la nécessité des apprentissages problématisés et situés, les modalités opératoires de cette injonction demeurent problématiques.
Online Teaching
Authors: Carr Anne , Ortega-Chasi Patricia , Martinez-Sojos Monica
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this participatory action research study was to investigate if teaching in virtual spaces could offer the opportunity to exercise reflexivity and transform pedagogy by including new roles, modes of interaction, and authentic practice to increase connectivity with students. The study was conducted with a small convenience group of university teachers in a private university in the south of Ecuador. Data was triangulated through individual and group interviews, a specifically designed blog, and participation in three learning-teaching modules. Certain dialogic characteristics in the data demonstrate epistemological and pedagogical transformations. Short-term results show that the complexity of teaching in virtual spaces indicates more research is necessary on the role of professional development that focuses on both pedagogy, effective communication, and technical abilities with discipline content.
Comparison of Chemically Treated Luffa cylindrica Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermal Analysis
Authors: Kamran Muhammad Jahanzail , Jayamani Elammaran , Soon Kok Heng , Wong Yat Choy
Published: May 2021

The world as we probably are aware of is confronting a major problem known as environmental pollution, therefore, leading to global warming. Researchers from around the world have been focusing on green composites to improve the general effect of polymer pollution leading to environmental pollution. This need has constrained numerous researchers to concentrate on making composites utilizing natural fibers and biodegradable polymers. Moreover, natural fibers are cheaper to purchase, have great mechanical properties, biodegradability and demand lower amount of production energy. This paper focuses on one of the natural fibers known asLuffa Cylindrica(LC). Chemical surface treatments are necessary in order to get the best adhesion possible between the polymer and fiber which leads to better mechanical properties. Therefore, in this paper sodium hydroxide, silane and acetylation chemical surface treatments were performed. Furthermore, with the help of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG) it was predicted that all the chemical surface treatments were successful. With the help of the results it was predicted that these specific chemical surface treatments showed removal of hemicellulose and lignin. Furthermore, with the help of thermal analysis it was predicted that silane treated samples showed highest amount of thermal resistance whereas, acetylated samples predicted lowest.
Revised Korean Cough Guidelines, 2020: Recommendations and Summary Statements
Authors: Joo Hyonsoo , Moon Ji-Yong , An Tai Joon , Choi Hayoung , Park So Young , Yoo Hongseok , Kim Chi Young , Jeong Ina , Kim Joo-Hee , Koo Hyeon-Kyoung , Rhee Chin Kook , Lee Sei Won , Kim Sung Kyoung , Min Kyung Hoon , Kim Yee Hyung , Jang Seung Hun , Kim Deog Kyeom , Shin Jong Wook , Yoon Hyoung Kyu , Kim Dong-Gyu , Kim Hui Jung , Kim Jin Woo
Published: May 2021

Cough is the most common respiratory symptom that can have various causes. It is a major clinical problem that can reduce a patient’s quality of life. Thus, clinical guidelines for the treatment of cough were established in 2014 by the cough guideline committee under the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases. From October 2018 to July 2020, cough guidelines were revised by members of the committee based on the first guidelines. The purpose of these guidelines is to help clinicians efficiently diagnose and treat patients with cough. This article highlights the recommendations and summary of the revised Korean cough guidelines. It includes a revised algorithm for the evaluation of acute, subacute, and chronic cough. For a chronic cough, upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), cough variant asthma (CVA), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) should be considered in differential diagnoses. If UACS is suspected, first-generation antihistamines and nasal decongestants can be used empirically. In cases with CVA, inhaled corticosteroids are recommended to improve cough. In patients with suspected chronic cough due to symptomatic GERD, proton pump inhibitors are recommended. Chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, lung cancer, aspiration, intake of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, intake of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, habitual cough, psychogenic cough, interstitial lung disease, environmental and occupational factors, tuberculosis, obstructive sleep apnea, peritoneal dialysis, and unexplained cough can also be considered as causes of a chronic cough. Chronic cough due to laryngeal dysfunction syndrome has been newly added to the guidelines.
CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY MEDICAL WRITING IN ENGLISH
Authors: Taavitsainen Irma
Published: May 2021

Eighteenth-century scientific and medical developments have direct relevance to our modern world as they paved the way towards more modern practices. This article presents an overview of English medical writing during the century when, for example, new technical equipment like the microscope opened up new horizons, laboratory medicine took its first steps, and dissemination of medical knowledge developed and diversified. My assessment is qualitative but based on firm quantitative evidence of linguistic data by an innovative Digital Humanities method that revealed the changing trends and put them in ranking order. Most importantly, medicine achieved a new level of professionalization in the eighteenth century. More attention started to be paid to public health, new institutions were founded, and new topics emerged with the expansion of the British Empire.
Student Athletic Therapists' Knowledge of Opioids and Other Pain-Relieving Medications
Authors: Vandertuin Jacqueline , Abdulla Dalya , Lowther Stephanie
Published: May 2021

Context

In their role as health care providers, student athletic therapists (SATs) are responsible for the prevention and management of injuries. To fully understand an injury, SATs require knowledge of contributing factors, including medications and their use and misuse. Opioid misuse by athletes to manage pain has been documented in the literature, highlighting the importance of SATs being able to recognize opioid use and misuse. Opioids are known to alleviate pain, to impair cognition, and to have addictive qualities which prevents appropriate assessment and management of injuries.

Objective

The objective of this study was to understand SATs' knowledge of pain-relieving medication, particularly opioids.

Design

Qualitative study.

Setting

Semistructured interview.

Patients or Other Participants

SATs at an accredited institution in Canada.

Data Synthesis

Data were collected through interviews and transcribed. Themes were developed using triangulation that reflected the data

Results

Four themes were uncovered: (1) SATs had experienced both personal and professional use of opioids, which formulated their current knowledge; (2) SATs lacked appropriate knowledge of pain-relieving medications in general and of the potential consequences of their lack of knowledge; (3) SATs' knowledge stemmed from culture, social media, and news organizations; (4) SATs felt considerable pressure to provide correct information due to their autonomous role with a team.

Conclusions

SATs lacked enough knowledge to be able to appropriately recognize and advise athletes on pain-relieving medications, particularly opioids. SATs formulated their knowledge and opinions from sources that were not rooted in research and as such may transfer incorrect information to their athletes. SATs stigmatized athletes who were using pain-relieving medication, which may factor into inappropriate decisions regarding an athlete's care. Finally, SATs carried a significant burden to share correct information with their athletes and did not refer to outside sources (eg, physicians) when they were unsure of the information they were sharing with their athletes.
Comparison of upper and lower body forced air blanket to prevent perioperative hypothermia in patients who underwent spinal surgery in prone position: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yoo Jae Hwa , Ok Si Young , Kim Sang Ho , Chung Ji Won , Park Sun Young , Kim Mun Gyu , Cho Ho Bum , Song Sang Hoon , Choi Yun Jeong , Kim Hyun Ju , Oh Hong Chul
Published: May 2021

Background: We compared upper- and lower-body forced-air blankets in terms of their ability to prevent perioperative hypothermia, defined as a reduction in body temperature to < 36.0°C, during the perioperative period in patients undergoing spine surgery in the prone position.Methods: In total, 120 patients scheduled for elective spine surgery under general anesthesia were divided into an upper-warming group (n = 60) and a lower-warming group (n = 60). After inducing anesthesia and preparing the patient for surgery, including prone positioning, the upper and lower bodies of the patients in the upper- and lower-warming groups, respectively, were warmed using a forced-air warmer with specified upper and lower blankets. Body temperature was measured using a tympanic membrane thermometer during the pre- and post-operative periods and using a nasopharyngeal temperature probe during the intraoperative period. Patients were evaluated in terms of shivering, thermal comfort, and satisfaction in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU).Results: The incidence of intraoperative and postoperative hypothermia was lower in the upper-warming group than in the lower-warming group ([55.2% vs. 75.9%, P = 0.019] and [21.4% vs. 49.1%, P = 0.002]). Perioperative body temperature was higher in the upper-warming group (P < 0.001). However, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative thermal comfort scale and shivering scores, patient satisfaction, and PACU duration were similar in the two groups.Conclusions: The upper-body blanket was more effective than the lower-body blanket for preventing perioperative hypothermia in patients who underwent spine surgery in the prone position.
Comparative Evaluation of Platelet Count in Whole Blood and Injectable Platelet-rich Fibrin
Authors: Nayak Aarati , Naik Sachita Shrikant , Chhatre Aradhana , Bhatt Akanksha , Paradkar Shruti
Published: May 2021

Background:

Platelets are formed from megakaryocytes and platelets are present in the circulation for 5–7 days. Platelets are essential in hemostasis, vascular integrity, angiogenesis, inflammation, innate immunity, and wound healing. To capitalize on the advantageous qualities of platelets, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) was developed by centrifuging peripheral blood. A new platelet concentrate has recently been developed, by utilizing lower centrifugation speed. This new platelet concentrate is in an injectable form called injectable PRF (I-PRF).

Aim:

This study intends to quantify and compare the platelets in whole blood (WB) and I-PRF.

Materials and Methods:

The study included ten systemically healthy individuals. Seven milliliter of blood was collected by following standard aseptic protocol. Smears of blood and I-PRF were made and stained by Leishman's stain to confirm the presence of platelets. I-PRF was made by centrifuging 5 ml of blood at 1000 rpm for 3 min at 60 g, which was fed to the automated cell counter unit to count the number of platelets.

Results:

The platelet count in I-PRF was significantly more when compared with that of WB.

Conclusion:

The results of our study suggest that the I-PRF has a richer concentration of platelets when compared to the WB.
Effect of Degree of Conversion of Different Resin Composite Monomers (Methacrylate and Silorane) on Two Caries-Associated Bacteria
Authors: Elsheikh Marwa , Elkady A. S. , Fatah W. Abdel , Musrati Ahmed
Published: May 2021

Background and Objectives:

The biological response of oral bacteria to dental restorative polymer composites is mediated by the release of unpolymerized residual monomers. The aims of the present study were first, evaluating the effect of composite elutes from methacrylate composite resins and silorane-based composites on two cariogenic bacterial pathogens: Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus and second, determination of degree of conversion (DC) of standardized discs made from the low-shrinkage silorane-based composite (FiltekTM P90) resin and methacrylate-based composite resin (FiltekTM Z350XT nanocomposite, FiltekTM Z350 Flow) using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-six composite specimens were prepared for the agar diffusion test and dissolved in a solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide) to attain a suspension, which was used to assess the effect of the residual monomers from methacrylate composite resins and silorane-based composites on the growth of S. mutans and L. acidophilus. To avoid more dilutions of the specimens, the colonies of bacteria were counted by the naked eye. Thirty composite specimens of 2 mm × 6 mm were polymerized for DC test, and the DC was measured using FTIR, also for unpolymerized composite resin.

Results:

The growth of S. mutans bacteria was inhibited when cultured with Filtek Z350 Flow composite resin, while the growth of L. acidophilus bacteria was stimulated by the Filtek Silorane p90 and Filtek Z350 Flow composite resin. The DC test with the Filtek Silorane composite resin showed highest DC (58%), then the Filtek Z350XT (Nanocomposite) (42%) followed by the Filtek Z350 Flow (Flowable) showed lowest (35%).

Conclusions:

Our results demonstrate that composite filling materials have a versatile nature of effect on oral pathogenic bacteria, which could modulate their pathogenesis. Dentists may thus select the appropriate type of composite filling according to the caries susceptibility of patients.
Interfacial Micro Gaps between Dentin Bases and Hard Setting Calcium Hydroxide Liner
Authors: Alawi Rabihah , Lotfy Amal Mohd , Zakaria Amalina , Masudi Sam'an Malik , Muttlib Nor Aidaniza Abdul
Published: May 2021

Objective:

This study is aimed to investigate interfacial micro gaps between bases and hard setting calcium hydroxide liner.

Materials and Methods:

Twelve sound extracted human maxillary premolars were selected and immersed in 0.1% thymol solution. Samples were subjected to Class I cavity preparations with the width of 2.5 mm buccolingually, 3 mm mesiodistally, and 2 mm depth from the dentinoenamel junction (DEJ). The cavities were lined with hard setting calcium hydroxide lining (Dycal®), (Dentsply, USA) and then divided randomly into two groups. The cavities were restored with smart dentin replacement (SDR®), (Dentsply, Germany) and glass ionomer cement Ketac™ N100 (3M ESPE, USA) for Group 1 and 2, respectively, (n = 6 for each group) up to DEJ level. All samples were then packed with composite resin. Samples were cut longitudinally using a hard tissue cutter (Exact, Japan) and sanded with increasing grit sandpaper (#320, #500, #800, and #1200) for 30 s each and subjected for interfacial micro gaps analysis using scanning electron microscopy.

Results:

There was a significant difference of micro gap formation between two groups of base materials and hard setting calcium hydroxide (Dycal®) (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Lesser micro gap between Dycal® and SDR® compared to Dycal® and Ketac™ N100 suggested SDR® as a better base material to be used with Dycal® for deep caries management.
Involvement of Children and Adolescents in Dietary Counseling Carried Out by Dental Health Practitioners
Authors: Arrish Wenisa Suliman , Peeran Syed Wali
Published: May 2021

The objective was to assess the extent of involvement of children and adolescents in dietary counseling (DC) performed by dental health practitioners. Two online databases PubMed and ERIC were searched using terms “dietary counselling” AND “children” AND “adolescents” AND “oral health” from 2001 to November 2020. Only two studies reported the involvement of children and adolescents in DC performed by dental health practitioners. Dental practitioners are still not prepared well to do dietary consultations with children and adolescents. Further research should be attempted to find the best ways that guarantee full involvement of children in dietary consultations carried out by dental practitioners.
Pretreatment Body Mass Index and Serum Uric Acid and Albumin Levels as Prognostic Predictors in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chang Wei-Chin , Yang Cheng-Yu , Lin Yu-Chun , Lin Chun-Shu , Kuo Chin-Shan , Li Yu-Hsuan , Chen Yuan-Wu
Published: May 2021

Background:

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most frequently found malignant tumor of the oral cavity, and the annual death rate of OSCC patients has been increasing rapidly among the Taiwanese population.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to evaluate if poor nutrition is a potential adverse prognostic factor in patients with OSCC.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 322 patients with OSCC who underwent therapeutic surgical treatment in Taiwan. The pretreatment body mass index (BMI) and serum uric acid and albumin levels were measured as common indicators of the nutritional status, and overall survival (OS) was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and a Cox regression model.

Results:

The optimal cut-off values were 24.0 kg/m2, 5.05 mg/dL, and 3.85 g/dL for BMI, serum uric acid, and serum albumin, respectively. The multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated lower BMI (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.557, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.070–2.265; P = 0.021), lower serum uric acid (HR = 1.857, 95% CI: 1.265–2.724; P = 0.002), and lower serum albumin (HR = 2.011, 95% CI: 1.278–3.163; P = 0.003) as independent and significant prognosticators of OS. Advanced stage, depth of invasion of more than 5 mm, and extranodal extension were prognostic predictors of poor OS.

Conclusion:

A lower preoperative BMI and lower serum uric acid and albumin levels are predictors of significantly worse survival among OSCC patients. Maintaining a healthy nutritional status is crucial to improving the survival of patients with oral cancer. The treatment for patients with poor nutritional status should be more aggressive and cautious.
Use of Contact Tracing as a Pivotal Tool to Curb the COVID-19 Transmission in the Urban Part of Western Maharashtra
Authors: Kansara Nikunj Kumar , Yadav Arun Kumar
Published: May 2021

Introduction:

Contact tracing is an essential public health response to infectious disease outbreaks, principally in the early stages of an outbreak when specific treatments are limited. Importation of novel coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) from Hubei province China and elsewhere into the world highlights the need to recognize the power of contact tracing as a preventive measure. This study was performed to estimate the SARS CoV-2 transmission among the contacts of confirmed cases of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).

Methods:

The present study included data from contact tracing performed on confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted in the tertiary care hospital of western Maharashtra. Contacts were categorized into high-risk and low-risk contacts. Contacts were quarantined in home or institute, and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was done as per the COVID-19 testing strategy. Contacts were admitted once they were RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 positive.

Results:

Out of 471 COVID-19 cases, 104 (22.08%) were females and 367 (77.92%) were males. A total of 2617 contacts were traced with the mean (standard deviation) of 5.56 (8.52). Of these 2617 contacts, 289 (11.04%) contacts became RT-PCR-confirmed positive COVID-19 cases. Out of 471 COVID-19 cases, 271 (46.7) were the contacts of RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases, and from them, 92 (42.4%) were asymptomatic at the time of admission.

Conclusion:

The contact tracing strategy in India helped to identify a sufficient proportion of infected individuals, and due to that, subsequent spread of the disease could be prevented. However, the complete achievement will depend on the rapid detection of cases and isolation of contacts. With the increasingly large number of cases globally once in between the null period, this strategy can be effectively utilized to contain the spread of disease.
Perception and acceptance of Coronavirus Disease-2019 vaccines among doctors
Authors: Yadav Arun Kumar , Kansara Nikunj Kumar , Nimbhorkar Sonal , Kotwal Atul , Ghosh Subhadeep , Bobdey Saurabh
Published: May 2021

Introduction:

Numerous vaccine candidates are in the race of successful clinical trials in response to the ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study was conducted to assess the perception and hesitancy among the physicians of major cities of India toward the upcoming COVID-19 vaccine.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between November 25, and December 25, 2020, among the frontline physicians, and they were asked if they would get vaccinated as soon as the vaccine is available in the market. Associations between sociodemographic characteristics and acceptance and hesitancy of an upcoming COVID-19 vaccine were analyzed.

Results:

Among 139 respondents who gave consent, the majority was male (121, 83.4%). Seventy-six (54.7%) respondents would like to get vaccinated as soon as the vaccine is available. Fifty-six (40.28%) participants had shown fear against the new vaccines, and self-perceived knowledge about the vaccine was found low (79, 56.83%). The majority of the physicians agreed to get vaccinated once reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction positive or recovered in the past. Self-perceived protection of the new COVID-19 vaccine was high (102, 73.4%), and most physicians thought it safe for humans (89, 64%).

Conclusion:

The acceptance among the physicians positively influences the approval of a COVID-19 vaccine in the general population. Failure to address physicians' hesitancy leaves immunization programs at significant risk of any country.
A report on incidence of COVID-19 among febrile patients attending a malaria clinic
Authors: Guha Subhasish Kamal , Biswas Malabika , Gupta Bishal , Acharya Alisha , Halder Supriya , Saha Bibhuti , Chatterjee Moytrey , Kundu Pratip Kumar , Maji Ardhendu Kumar
Published: May 2021

Context:

Screening for malaria and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in all patients with acute febrile illness is necessary in malaria-endemic areas to reduce malaria-related mortality and to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 by isolation.

Aims:

A pilot study was undertaken to determine the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among febrile patients attending a malaria clinic.

Subjects and Methods:

All patients were tested for malaria parasite by examining thick and thin blood smears as well as by rapid malaria antigen tests. COVID-19 was detected by rapid antigen test and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction in patients agreeing to undergo the test.

Results:

Out of 262 patients examined, 66 (25.19%) were positive for Plasmodium vivax, 45 (17.17%) for Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) with a slide positivity rate of 42.40%, and Pf% of 40.50%. Only 29 patients consented for COVID-19 testing along with malaria; of them, 3 (10.34%) were positive for COVID-19 alone and 2 (6.89%) were positive for both COVID-19 and P. vivax with an incidence of 17.24%. A maximum number of patients (196) did not examine for COVID-19 as they did not agree to do the test.

Conclusion:

Diagnosis of COVID-19 among three patients (10.34%) is significant both in terms of identification of cases and to isolate them for preventing transmission in the community. Detection of COVID-19 along with malaria is equally important for their proper management.
L-cysteine whether a nutritional booster or a radical scavenger for Plasmodium
Authors: Sinha Shweta , Gautam C. S. , Sehgal Rakesh
Published: May 2021

Introduction:

Plasmodium falciparum is the most noxious species among other Plasmodium species that cause malaria. Attention is required to understand more about the pathophysiology and parasite biology to obscure this disease. The fact is, very little is known about the nutritional requirement in sense of carbohydrate, lipid, nucleic acid, and amino acid metabolism that regulate the growth of parasite and out of this, studies related to the metabolism of amino acid are exceptionally limited. Out of several amino acids, L-cysteine is essential for the continuous erythrocytic growth of Plasmodium. However, the exact role of L-cysteine in regulating the growth of Plasmodium is unknown. Here, we tried to investigate how does L-cysteine affects the growth of Plasmodium in in vitro culture, and also the study was aimed to find whether there is a synergism with chloroquine on the Plasmodium growth in vitro.

Materials and Methods:

Parasite inhibition assay based on schizont maturation inhibition following WHO protocol on P. falciparum chloroquine-sensitive strain (MRC-2) was employed to determine IC50 value and drug interaction pattern was shown through fractional inhibitory concentration index.

Results:

Inhibitory effect of L-cysteine hydrochloride on Plasmodium growth was depicted with IC50 1.152 ± 0.287 μg/mL and the most synergistic pattern of interaction was shown with chloroquine.

Conclusions:

The present study anticipates two important findings, firstly inconsistent results from previous findings and secondly, synergistic effect with chloroquine suggests its potency that may be used as an add-on therapy along with chloroquine. However, further study is needed to validate the above findings in vivo models.
Clinical profile of malaria at a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India
Authors: Karoli Ritu , Shakya Shobhit , Gupta Nikhil , Mittal Vineeta , Upadhyay Anil Kumar
Published: May 2021

Introduction:

Despite recent reductions in the overall malaria case incidence, malaria remains an important public health issue. There has been a change in clinical and epidemiological profile of malaria in our country and vivax malaria known to be benign has been reported to cause severe complications. Therefore, the present study was conducted to delineate the clinical profile of malaria, proportion of severity, spectrum of complications, and presence of comorbidities among adult patients admitted at a tertiary health-care center in North India.

Materials and Methods:

This was an observational prospective study conducted in all adult patients (>15 years of age) diagnosed to have Plasmodium vivax malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, and mixed malarial infection at a tertiary care teaching hospital on the basis of peripheral smear or rapid diagnostic tests.

Results:

The study included 295 patients, the most common species was vivax (62%) followed by falciparum (29%) and mixed plasmodium spp. (9%). The mean age of the patients was 34.23 ± 15.7 years, with 64% male and 36% female. Out of all patients, 23% patients had at least one component of severe malaria. Severe anemia (hemoglobin <5 mg/dl), thrombocytopenia (platelet count <1 lac/cmm), and acute kidney injury were significantly greater in patients with P. vivax. Presence of comorbid conditions was observed in a significant proportion (32%) of patients.

Conclusion:

P. vivax is the plasmodium species which is responsible for most of the cases. Its potential to cause life-threatening illness is the cause of concern. The role of comorbid conditions in influencing the clinicaloutcome of malaria should be further explored.
"Strongyloides stercoralis infestation in a severely malnourished (SAM) celiac disease child
Authors: Verma Usha , Ashopa Vishakha , Nareda Pooja , Gupta Eshank , Gupta Ekta , Prakash Prabhu
Published: May 2021

A case of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in severe protein energy malnutrition child with associated celiac disease (CD) is herein reported. The case was a 4-year-old, severely malnourished female admitted to the tertiary level hospital of Western Rajasthan, due to watery diarrhea, pain abdomen, and vomiting, not responding to treatment. The patient was HIV negative, nondiabetic, had no evidence of tuberculosis, Liver Function Test, Renal Function Test were normal was within normal limits. She had microcytic hypochromic anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and serum Antitissue transglutaminase (anti tTG IgA)was 301.35 U/ML which confirmed the diagnosis of CD. Stool parasitological examination revealed numerous rhabditiform larvae of threadworm “S. stercoralis.” After treatment with gluten free diet and Albendazole and Ivermectin, the patient recovered without evidence of S. stercoralis in follow-up stool samples.
Countering Migration Legislation Violations as a Modern Threat to National Security
Authors: SAMOKHVALOV IGOR’ YU.
Published: May 2021

Introduction: the paper investigates migration situation in the country, reasons and prerequisites for migration-related crime, and identifies features of state prevention of migration offenses. Aim: by analyzing current migration situation, to identify problems in the field of migration-related offenses and how to counteract them at the current stage of society development. Methods: general scientific dialectical method of cognition, comparative legal method, empirical methods of description and interpretation; method of interpretation of legal norms. Results: having analyzed manifestations of migration-related crime we determine its signs, internal content, essence, types, and objectivity of existence; this allows us to put forward ways to counteract the current state of this type of crime. Conclusions: when studying how migration offenses are counteracted, we propose a number of measures that can change the existing crime situation in the migration sphere. Among them: strengthening the registration of migrants when passing the state border; increasing the responsibility of an unscrupulous employer who provides work to migrants in violation of current legislation, obliging unscrupulous employers to cover expenses related to the expulsion of illegally located migrants, strengthening the responsibility of the employer; tightening the sanctions of existing legislation for submission of false documents for registration by migrants and for registration based on false documents; strengthening the functional activities of the Federal Migration Service by granting it the right to perform intelligence-gathering activities and interaction with operative units of law enforcement agencies engaged in such activities; determining the priority of external and operative services to identify the facts of illegal stay of migrants in the territory of the metropolis; establishment of a single codified act – the migration code, regulating legal relations arising in the migration sphere. Keywords: migration-related crime; labor migration; uncontrolled migration of labor resources; legal status; victimization; migration diasporas.
Уголовно-правовое и уголовно-исполнительное регулирование применения оружия сотрудниками пенитенциарной системы России
Authors: ПОНИКАРОВ В. А.
Published: May 2021

Введение: в статье рассматривается проблема уголовной и уголовно-исполнительной несогласованности законодательного регулирования вопросов, связанных с применением оружия сотрудниками уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации в служебной деятельности. Юридические детали заключаются в том, что автором изложены научно обоснованные предложения по реформированию уголовно-правовых и уголовно-исполнительных аспектов, сопряженных с применением сотрудниками огнестрельного оружия (пистолетов, автоматов, винтовок, которые состоят на вооружении ФСИН России). Анализируется ст. 86 УИК РФ, в которой закреплены меры безопасности. Рассматривается в аспекте данной проблемы практика зарубежных стран. Цель: исследовать уголовно-правовые и уголовно-исполнительные аспекты, связанные с применением оружия сотрудниками УИС, например, в отношении осужденных. Методы: методологическую и теоретическую основу исследования составил диалектический метод, при анализе норм УИК РФ в части применения оружия использовался дедуктивный метод. Изучение статей уголовного и уголовно-исполнительного кодекса происходило с помощью систематизированных методов. Они позволили классифицировать юридические факты, закреплявшие юридическое право на применение оружия сотрудниками. В целях улучшения деятельности сотрудников пенитенциарных учреждений по применению оружия использовались эмпирические методы освоения. В статье приведены результаты опроса 318 сотрудников. Результаты: рассмотрена сущность уголовно-правовых отношений в части применения оружия сотрудниками уголовно-исполнительной системы; изучена практика реализации норм, касающихся применения сотрудниками правоохранительных органов оружия; предложена теоретическая модель по совершенствованию уголовного законодательства, связанного с применением оружия. Кроме того, приведены научно обоснованные идеи, направленные на совершенствование уголовного и уголовно-исполнительного законодательства в части применения оружия, а также эмпирические исследования. Научным итогом данной статьи стали новые идеи, касающиеся применения огнестрельного оружия в границах уголовного и уголовно-исполнительного законодательства (предлагается закрепить основания, связанные с применением оружия, в УК РФ).

Ключевые слова: уголовное законодательство; уголовно-исполнительное законодательство; применение оружия; юридические факты; правоотношения; меры безопасности; ФСИН России; уголовно-исполнительная система.
PICTURE BOOKS AND HEALTHY EATING HABITS: AN INTERVENTION STUDY IN A GREEK PRESCHOOL SETTING
Authors: Tympa Eleni , Karavida Vasiliki
Published: May 2021

Experiences with food preferences begin in infancy and continue to develop on children transition to solid food. Children’s food preferences are influenced by availability and familiarity with foods as well as parental modeling and health related picture books. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether picture-books regarding healthy lifestyle can influence children’s eating preferences. A questionnaire related to the use of picture-books at home and lifestyle habits was distributed to all parents. Picture-books were provided to all parents. At the same time children were allocated in two groups: the intervention group, which took part in further activities (cooking), and to a comparison group. Interviews were addressed to the parents after the program. The ethical concern included confidentiality assurance and the choice to withdraw. Findings revealed that the daily reading of books about food was increased in both groups. Most of the families of the intervention group reduced fast food and sweet consumption and increased outdoor activities. Implications on the influence of books and additional activities on promoting child attitudes on healthy food will be discussed.

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Analysis of Familial Factors behind Children’s Involvement in Delinquent Acts
Authors: Khushhal Asif , Zahid Muhammad , Jan Azizullah
Published: May 2021

The study at hand is aimed to investigate familial factors responsible for pushing children toward delinquent acts. Data is collected through interview schedule from 150 respondents while the total population of the study is 250. Purposive sampling technique is used in this study as the researcher intended to consult an age group 12 to 18 years of delinquent children. Data is analysed through SPSS (Version 20). Chi-square test is used for the identification of hypothetical association between dependent and independent variables. Among the variables criminal behaviour/tendency influenced by family environment, offenses committed due to no check of the parents, strict and harsh disciplining method, parental criminality as a reason of juvenile delinquency, get involve in delinquent acts due to separation of parent, children living with a single parent, children of drug addicts, improper socialization, anti-social behaviour of parent and violence in the family are found to be significantly associated with juvenile delinquency. It is suggested that a peaceful environment should be provided inside family so as minors could not develop delinquent behaviour. Parents should hold a proper check on a child’s activities to avoid and stop a child from falling prey to delinquent behaviour. Strict and harsh disciplining methods used by parents should be stopped, children should be socialized in a well-organized manner, and drug addict’s parent should be rehabilitated.