bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The early medieval origins of copper ore extraction in the Carpathian Mountains
Authors: Mozgai Viktória , Villa Igor M. , Bajnóczi Bernadett , Szenthe Gergely
Published: September 2024

The case study addresses the question of the early medieval revival of copper production in Europe. The focus of the research area is the Carpathian Basin, located on the eastern periphery of the zone influenced by European early medieval processes. The research of where and when early medieval metal production started in the region in our case also provides answers to the question of how the region was linked to the European continental economic network, which is until recently an unresolved problem. Ore extraction and the production of various non-ferrous metals (copper, silver, gold) had important centres in the Carpathian Mountains throughout the Middle Ages until the Modern Era. Concerning the Avar period, our study comprises lead isotope and chemical analyses of ‘Late Avar’ (c. 8th century AD) copper rivets, used for certain purposes alongside the copper alloys predominant in the period. As rivets were selected from the entire Avar cultural area, expanding virtually to all lowland and hilly areas in the Carpathian Basin, results are representative of the entire region. It shows that Avar craftsmen producing large quantities of copper alloy objects in the 8th and the early 9th century were supplied with copper from a single mining district, from the ore deposits of the Slovak Ore Mountains in the today Central Slovakia, a region which became an important metal-processing centre in the 11th century AD.
Dirichlet problems with fractional competing operators and fractional convection
Authors: Gambera Laura , Marano Salvatore Angelo , Motreanu Dumitru
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the existence of weak solutions to some Dirichlet problems with fractional competing operators and distributional Riesz fractional gradient is investigated. Due to the nature of driving operators, the most known techniques, basically based on ellipticity and monotonicity, are no longer applicable. Generalized solutions (in a suitable sense) are obtained via an approximation procedure and a corollary of the Brouwer fixed point theorem.
Identifying and selecting the next generation of nursing leaders through effective succession planning: a policy analysis
Authors: Othman Mutaz I. , Oweidat Islam , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Hijazi Hothaifah , jaber Ahmed Abu
Published: September 2024

Succession planning is a vital organizational process that facilitates the smooth transition of leadership and safeguarding organizational knowledge. This research paper seeks to determine the most efficient and effective method for identifying and selecting potential leaders within an organization by examining succession planning policies and their effectiveness in identifying and selecting potential leaders in diverse organizational contexts. This paper utilizes policy analysis methodology to analyze succession planning policies' components, objectives, and outcomes across various industries and sectors. The analysis is based on an extensive review of literature, policy documents, and case studies. This study addresses the methods and tools used to identify and select potential leaders using a scorecard structure. In conclusion, the nine-box grid is a valuable tool that assesses employees' performance and potential for leadership positions.
The use of imaging in pre-TAVI assessment: a review
Authors: Bona Giovanna Grazia , Santangeli Curzio , Tremamunno Giuseppe , Fanelli Federica , Zerunian Marta , De Santis Domenico , Caruso Damiano , Laghi Andrea
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has risen as a non-invasive alternative for treatment of severe symptomatic aortic stenosis in patients with high surgical risk. Multimodality imaging approach and a complementary evaluation including the clinical judgment of the heart team are mandatory. Echocardiography serves as a first-line test for the evaluation of aortic valve stenosis degree and computed tomography (CT) has a pivotal role in pre-interventional evaluation of both the aortic root anatomy and aorto-iliofemoral vessels as a single examination. Cardiac magnetic resonance is useful in grading the severity of aortic stenosis and should be considered a reasonable alternative to CT for the evaluation of the aortic annulus when the administration of contrast media is contraindicated.

Conclusion

This review narrative analyzes the current scientific literature and the development of the TAVI in patients with aortic stenosis, describing the increasingly important role of imaging techniques and their pre-procedural contribution.
Kepler’s Drawings Might Reveal When the Sunspots Disappeared
Authors: Francis Matthew
Published: September 2024

Johannes Kepler’s landmark 1607 sunspot observations may have been made at the end of the solar cycle, helping constrain the start of the Maunder Minimum.
Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds Over the Eastern Seas of China in Winter
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Nie Wei , Yan Chao , Liu Yuliang , Xu Zheng , Yao Xiaohong , Zhou Yang , Chi Xuguang , Ding Aijun
Published: September 2024

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important atmospheric species that regulate the formation of both ozone and secondary organic aerosol. Compared with continental environments, VOC species, concentration and origins in marine environments were much less understood. Here, we conducted a 2‐month VOCs measurement using a proton‐transfer‐reaction mass spectrometer during the cruise of DongFangHong III research vessel over the eastern oceanic areas of China in winter 2019. According to the location of DongFangHong III, we divided our cruise into five regions: Qingdao port (QD), Zhoushan port (ZS), Bohai Sea (BHS), Yellow Sea (YS), and East China Sea (ECS). For most individual VOCs, their concentration exhibited the trend of ZS > QD > BHS > YS > ECS. A decreasing tendency was also found when the measurement location was progressively farther away from the coastline. Further, we performed Positive Matrix Factorization and retrieved five distinct VOC sources, including shipping emission, DongFangHong III emission, regional background, aged transport, and port and nearshore emission. Contributions of these five factors varied depending on the location, influenced by emission, atmospheric oxidation, and meteorological conditions. In addition, the inland anthropogenic sources were found to have a larger contribution than oceanic ones. Overall, by conducting in situ measurements of VOCs and source apportionment, this study complements the lack of information on the speciation, abundance, and sources of VOCs in the marine environment of China.
Performance Evaluation of CMIP6 Models in Simulating the Dynamic Processes of Arctic‐Tropical Climate Connection During Winter
Authors: Sun Bo , Li Wanling , Wang Huijun , Xue Rufan , Zhou Siyu , Zheng Yi , Cai Jiarui , Tang Wenchao , Dai Yongling , Huang Yuetong
Published: September 2024

In this study, the performance of 24 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models in simulating the dynamic processes of Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC)‐ and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐ forced teleconnection during winter is subjectively and objectively evaluated. The Arctic SIC‐forced teleconnection is associated with a warm Arctic‐cold Eurasian pattern of surface temperature (T2m), a low Arctic‐high Eurasian pattern of sea level pressure (SLP), and a southeastward propagating wave‐train originating from Arctic in the upper troposphere. The ENSO‐forced teleconnection is associated with a poleward propagating wave‐train originating from tropical Pacific in the upper troposphere, a low North Pacific‐high Arctic pattern of SLP, and a cold North Pacific‐warm Greenland pattern of T2m. The metrics of Taylor skill scores and Distance between indices of simulation and observation (DISO) are used to objectively and quantitatively evaluate the performance of models. The results of subjective and objective evaluation are essentially consistent. The CanESM5, MPI‐ESM1‐2‐HR, EC‐Earth3, and MRI‐ESM2‐0 models have the best performance in simulating the Arctic SIC‐forced teleconnection. The CESM2, ACCESS‐CM2, NESM3, NorESM2‐MM, CAS‐ESM2‐0, MRI‐ESM2‐0 models have the best performance in simulating the ENSO‐forced teleconnection. The two best‐performing multi‐model ensembles well reproduce the dynamic processes of the Arctic SIC‐ and ENSO‐ forced teleconnection. The diversity of model performance is attributed to the different skills of different models in simulating the interannual variability of Arctic SIC, the anomalous deep warm high over the Barents‐Kara Seas, the interannual variability of tropical Pacific SSTs, and the wave number of poleward propagating Rossby waves.
Immunoliposome-based targeted delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9gRNA-IL30 complex inhibits prostate cancer and prolongs survival
Authors: Fieni Cristiano , Sorrentino Carlo , Ciummo Stefania Livia , Fontana Antonella , Lotti Lavinia Vittoria , Scialis Sofia , Calvo Garcia Darien , Caulo Massimo , Di Carlo Emma
Published: September 2024

The development of selective and nontoxic immunotherapy targeting prostate cancer (PC) is challenging. Interleukin (IL)30 plays immunoinhibitory and oncogenic roles in PC, and its tumor-specific suppression may have significant clinical implications. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated IL30 gene deletion in PC xenografts using anti-PSCA antibody-driven lipid nanocomplexes (Cas9gRNA-hIL30-PSCA NxPs) revealed significant genome editing efficiency and circulation stability without off-target effects or organ toxicity. Biweekly intravenous administration of Cas9gRNA-hIL30-PSCA NxPs to PC-bearing mice inhibited tumor growth and metastasis and improved survival. Mechanistically, Cas9gRNA-hIL30-PSCA NxPs suppressed ANGPTL 1/2/4, IL1β, CCL2, CXCL1/6, SERPINE1-F1, EFNB2, PLG, PF4, VEGFA, VEGFD, ANG, TGFβ1, EGF and HGF expression in human PC cells while upregulated CDH1, DKK3 and PTEN expression, leading to low proliferation and extensive ischemic necrosis. In the syngeneic PC model, IL30-targeting immunoliposomes downregulated NFKB1 expression and prevented intratumoral influx of CD11b+Gr-1+MDCs, Foxp3+Tregs, and NKp46+RORγt+ILC3, and prolonged host survival by inhibiting tumor progression. This study serves as a proof of principle that immunoliposome-based targeted delivery of Cas9gRNA-IL30 represent a potentially safe and effective strategy for PC treatment.
Telecom-band multiwavelength vertical emitting quantum well nanowire laser arrays
Authors: Zhang Xutao , Zhang Fanlu , Yi Ruixuan , Wang Naiyin , Su Zhicheng , Zhang Mingwen , Zhao Bijun , Li Ziyuan , Qu Jiangtao , M. Cairney Julie , Lu Yuerui , Zhao Jianlin , Gan Xuetao , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati , Fu Lan
Published: September 2024

Highly integrated optoelectronic and photonic systems underpin the development of next-generation advanced optical and quantum communication technologies, which require compact, multiwavelength laser sources at the telecom band. Here, we report on-substrate vertical emitting lasing from ordered InGaAs/InP multi-quantum well core–shell nanowire array epitaxially grown on InP substrate by selective area epitaxy. To reduce optical loss and tailor the cavity mode, a new nanowire facet engineering approach has been developed to achieve controlled quantum well nanowire dimensions with uniform morphology and high crystal quality. Owing to the strong quantum confinement effect of InGaAs quantum wells and the successful formation of a vertical Fabry–Pérot cavity between the top nanowire facet and bottom nanowire/SiO2 mask interface, stimulated emissions of the EH11a/b mode from single vertical nanowires from an on-substrate nanowire array have been demonstrated with a lasing threshold of ~28.2 μJ cm−2 per pulse and a high characteristic temperature of ~128 K. By fine-tuning the In composition of the quantum wells, room temperature, single-mode lasing is achieved in the vertical direction across a broad near-infrared spectral range, spanning from 940 nm to the telecommunication O and C bands. Our research indicates that through a carefully designed facet engineering strategy, highly ordered, uniform nanowire arrays with precise dimension control can be achieved to simultaneously deliver thousands of nanolasers with multiple wavelengths on the same substrate, paving a promising and scalable pathway towards future advanced optoelectronic and photonic systems.
Acid sphingomyelinase inhibition induces cerebral angiogenesis post-ischemia/reperfusion in an oxidative stress-dependent way and promotes endothelial survival by regulating mitochondrial metabolism
Authors: Mohamud Yusuf Ayan , Borbor Mina , Hussner Tanja , Weghs Carolin , Kaltwasser Britta , Pillath-Eilers Matthias , Walkenfort Bernd , Kolesnick Richard , Gulbins Erich , Hermann Dirk M. , Brockmeier Ulf
Published: September 2024

Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) inhibitors are widely used for the treatment of post-stroke depression. They promote neurological recovery in animal stroke models via neurorestorative effects. In a previous study, we found that antidepressants including amitriptyline, fluoxetine, and desipramine increase cerebral angiogenesis post-ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in an ASM-dependent way. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the effects of the functional ASM inhibitor amitriptyline in two models of I/R injury, that is, in human cerebral microvascular endothelial hCMEC/D3 cells exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and in mice exposed to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In addition to our earlier studies, we now show that amitriptyline increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in hCMEC/D3 cells and increased ROS formation in the vascular compartment of MCAO mice. ROS formation was instrumental for amitriptyline’s angiogenic effects. ROS formation did not result in excessive endothelial injury. Instead, amitriptyline induced a profound metabolic reprogramming of endothelial cells that comprised reduced endothelial proliferation, reduced mitochondrial energy metabolism, reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress, increased autophagy/mitophagy, stimulation of antioxidant responses and inhibition of apoptotic cell death. Specifically, the antioxidant heme oxygenase-1, which was upregulated by amitriptyline, mediated amitriptyline’s angiogenic effects. Thus, heme oxygenase-1 knockdown severely compromised angiogenesis and abolished amitriptyline’s angiogenic responses. Our data demonstrate that ASM inhibition reregulates a complex network of metabolic and mitochondrial responses post-I/R that contribute to cerebral angiogenesis without compromising endothelial survival.
QRICH1 suppresses pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by inhibiting GRP78
Authors: Zhao Ji’ou , Kang Meiyun , Li Huimin , Rong Liucheng , Wang Yaping , Xue Yao , Yao Yuqian , Fang Yongjun
Published: September 2024

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy that commonly affects children and adolescents with a poor prognosis. The terminal unfolded protein response (UPR) is an emerging anti-cancer approach, although its role in pediatric T-ALL remains unclear. In our pediatric T-ALL cohort from different centers, a lower QRICH1 expression was found associated with a worse prognosis of pediatric T-ALL. Overexpression of QRICH1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and stimulated apoptosis of T-ALL both in vitro and in vivo. Upregulation of QRICH1 significantly downregulated 78 KDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and upregulated CHOP, thus activating the terminal UPR. Co-overexpression of GRP78 in T-ALL cells overexpressing QRICH1 partially reverted the inhibited proliferation and stimulated apoptosis. QRICH1 bound to the residues Asp212 and Glu155 of the nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of GRP78, thereby inhibiting its ATP hydrolysis activity. In addition, QRICH1 was associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in T-ALL, and overexpression of QRICH1 reversed drug resistance. Overall, low QRICH1 expression is an independent risk factor for a poor prognosis of pediatric T-ALL. By inhibiting GRP78, QRICH1 suppresses pediatric T-ALL.
High-throughput fluorescence lifetime imaging flow cytometry
Authors: Kanno Hiroshi , Hiramatsu Kotaro , Mikami Hideharu , Nakayashiki Atsushi , Yamashita Shota , Nagai Arata , Okabe Kohki , Li Fan , Yin Fei , Tominaga Keita , Bicer Omer Faruk , Noma Ryohei , Kiani Bahareh , Efa Olga , Büscher Martin , Wazawa Tetsuichi , Sonoshita Masahiro , Shintaku Hirofumi , Nagai Takeharu , Braun Sigurd , Houston Jessica P. , Rashad Sherif , Niizuma Kuniyasu , Goda Keisuke
Published: September 2024

Flow cytometry is a vital tool in biomedical research and laboratory medicine. However, its accuracy is often compromised by undesired fluctuations in fluorescence intensity. While fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) bypasses this challenge as fluorescence lifetime remains unaffected by such fluctuations, the full integration of FLIM into flow cytometry has yet to be demonstrated due to speed limitations. Here we overcome the speed limitations in FLIM, thereby enabling high-throughput FLIM flow cytometry at a high rate of over 10,000 cells per second. This is made possible by using dual intensity-modulated continuous-wave beam arrays with complementary modulation frequency pairs for fluorophore excitation and acquiring fluorescence lifetime images of rapidly flowing cells. Moreover, our FLIM system distinguishes subpopulations in male rat glioma and captures dynamic changes in the cell nucleus induced by an anti-cancer drug. FLIM flow cytometry significantly enhances cellular analysis capabilities, providing detailed insights into cellular functions, interactions, and environments.
Photosynthetic light requirement near the theoretical minimum detected in Arctic microalgae
Authors: Hoppe Clara J. M. , Fuchs Niels , Notz Dirk , Anderson Philip , Assmy Philipp , Berge Jørgen , Bratbak Gunnar , Guillou Gaël , Kraberg Alexandra , Larsen Aud , Lebreton Benoit , Leu Eva , Lucassen Magnus , Müller Oliver , Oziel Laurent , Rost Björn , Schartmüller Bernhard , Torstensson Anders , Wloka Jonas
Published: September 2024

Photosynthesis is one of the most important biological processes on Earth, providing the main source of bioavailable energy, carbon, and oxygen via the use of sunlight. Despite this importance, the minimum light level sustaining photosynthesis and net growth of primary producers in the global ocean is still unknown. Here, we present measurements from the MOSAiC field campaign in the central Arctic Ocean that reveal the resumption of photosynthetic growth and algal biomass buildup under the ice pack at a daily average irradiance of not more than 0.04 ± 0.02 µmol photons m−2 s−1 in late March. This is at least one order of magnitude lower than previous estimates (0.3–5 µmol photons m−2 s−1) and near the theoretical minimum light requirement of photosynthesis (0.01 µmol photons m−2 s−1). Our findings are based on measurements of the temporal development of the under-ice light field and concurrent measurements of both chlorophyll a concentrations and potential net primary production underneath the sea ice at 86 °N. Such low light requirements suggest that euphotic zones where photosynthesis can occur in the world’s oceans may extend further in depth and time, with major implications for global productivity estimates.
Hydrogen storage with gravel and pipes in lakes and reservoirs
Authors: Hunt Julian David , Nascimento Andreas , Romero Oldrich Joel , Zakeri Behnam , Jurasz Jakub , Dąbek Paweł B. , Strzyżewski Tomasz , Đurin Bojan , Leal Filho Walter , Freitas Marcos Aurélio Vasconcelos , Wada Yoshihide
Published: September 2024

Climate change is projected to have substantial economic, social, and environmental impacts worldwide. Currently, the leading solutions for hydrogen storage are in salt caverns, and depleted natural gas reservoirs. However, the required geological formations are limited to certain regions. To increase alternatives for hydrogen storage, this paper proposes storing hydrogen in pipes filled with gravel in lakes, hydropower, and pumped hydro storage reservoirs. Hydrogen is insoluble in water, non-toxic, and does not threaten aquatic life. Results show the levelized cost of hydrogen storage to be 0.17 USD kg−1 at 200 m depth, which is competitive with other large scale hydrogen storage options. Storing hydrogen in lakes, hydropower, and pumped hydro storage reservoirs increases the alternatives for storing hydrogen and might support the development of a hydrogen economy in the future. The global potential for hydrogen storage in reservoirs and lakes is 3 and 12 PWh, respectively. Hydrogen storage in lakes and reservoirs can support the development of a hydrogen economy in the future by providing abundant and cheap hydrogen storage.
Control limitations in the null-space of the wrist muscle system
Authors: Lee Meng-Jung , Eden Jonathan , Gurgone Sergio , Berger Denise J , Borzelli Daniele , d’Avella Andrea , Mehring Carsten , Burdet Etienne
Published: September 2024

The redundancy present within the musculoskeletal system may offer a non-invasive source of signals for movement augmentation, where the set of muscle activations that do not produce force/torque (muscle-to-force null-space) could be controlled simultaneously to the natural limbs. Here, we investigated the viability of extracting movement augmentation control signals from the muscles of the wrist complex. Our study assessed (i) if controlled variation of the muscle activation patterns in the wrist joint’s null-space is possible; and (ii) whether force and null-space cursor targets could be reached concurrently. During the null-space target reaching condition, participants used muscle-to-force null-space muscle activation to move their cursor towards a displayed target while minimising the exerted force as visualised through the cursor’s size. Initial targets were positioned to require natural co-contraction in the null-space and if participants showed a consistent ability to reach for their current target, they would rotate 5$$^\circ$$

∘

incrementally to generate muscle activation patterns further away from their natural co-contraction. In contrast, during the concurrent target reaching condition participants were required to match a target position and size, where their cursor position was instead controlled by their exerted flexion–extension and radial-ulnar deviation, while its size was changed by their natural co-contraction magnitude. The results collected from 10 participants suggest that while there was variation in each participant’s co-contraction behaviour, most did not possess the ability to control this variation for muscle-to-force null-space virtual reaching. In contrast, participants did show a direction and target size dependent ability to vary isometric force and co-contraction activity concurrently. Our results indicate the limitations of using the muscle-to-force null-space activity of joints with a low level of redundancy as a possible command signal for movement augmentation.
Functional outcomes and quality of life after AcrySof IQ Vivity intraocular lens implantation in a real-world study
Authors: Giannuzzi Federico , Carlà Matteo Mario , Margollicci Fabio , Di Stefano Gaetano , Molle Andrea , Hu Lorenzo , Boselli Francesco , Pagliara Monica Maria , Lepore Domenico , Molle Fernando , Rizzo Stanislao
Published: September 2024

The extended depth-of-focus AcrySof IQ Vivity intraocular lens technology offers promising features for presbyopia management, evaluated in this research in a 6 months real-world setting. Prospective interventional mono-centric study including 40 patients who underwent elective bilateral phacoemulsification. We performed one pre-operative visit (V0) and one evaluation six months post-operatively (V1), evaluating uncorrected and corrected visual acuity for near (UNVA/CNVA), intermediate (UIVA/CIVA) and far (UDVA/UCVA), slit-lamp evaluation, tomography with static pupillometry, endothelial cell count and contrast sensitivity chart. In order to assess post-operative Quality of Life, we administered the patients McAlinden’s Quality of Vision test and Morlock’s Patient-Reported Spectacle Independence Questionnaire. We divided eyes in with Toric-IOL and with non-Toric IOL. A total of 36 eyes received non-tonic IOL implantation, whereas 44 eyes received toric IOL implantation. There were no statistically significant disparities observed in visual outcome measures and contrast sensitivity between the toric group and the non-toric group. Furthermore, we assessed the predictive preoperative refractive astigmatism (PPRA) and residual refractive astigmatism (RRA) in both cohorts, and no statistical significance was found between the two cohorts (p = 0.08). Twenty-one (53%) patients reported total independence from their glasses at all distances. The mean difference between the predicted and measured refractive error, as calculated by spherical equivalent, was 0.09 D. AcrySof IQ Vivity is a well-tolerated and effective IOL with optimal refractive target for both distant and intermediate vision, needing slight spherical addition for the best near vision. Great questionnaire-based satisfaction was reported by the patients.
Sensing the structural and conformational properties of single-stranded nucleic acids using electrometry and molecular simulations
Authors: Walker-Gibbons Rowan , Zhu Xin , Behjatian Ali , Bennett Timothy J. D. , Krishnan Madhavi
Published: September 2024

Inferring the 3D structure and conformation of disordered biomolecules, e.g., single stranded nucleic acids (ssNAs), remains challenging due to their conformational heterogeneity in solution. Here, we use escape-time electrometry (ETe) to measure with sub elementary-charge precision the effective electrical charge in solution of short to medium chain length ssNAs in the range of 5–60 bases. We compare measurements of molecular effective charge with theoretically calculated values for simulated molecular conformations obtained from Molecular Dynamics simulations using a variety of forcefield descriptions. We demonstrate that the measured effective charge captures subtle differences in molecular structure in various nucleic acid homopolymers of identical length, and also that the experimental measurements can find agreement with computed values derived from coarse-grained molecular structure descriptions such as oxDNA, as well next generation ssNA force fields. We further show that comparing the measured effective charge with calculations for a rigid, charged rod—the simplest model of a nucleic acid—yields estimates of molecular structural dimensions such as linear charge spacings that capture molecular structural trends observed using high resolution structural analysis methods such as X-ray scattering. By sensitively probing the effective charge of a molecule, electrometry provides a powerful dimension supporting inferences of molecular structural and conformational properties, as well as the validation of biomolecular structural models. The overall approach holds promise for a high throughput, microscopy-based biomolecular analytical approach offering rapid screening and inference of molecular 3D conformation, and operating at the single molecule level in solution.
Semaphorin 3F (SEMA3F) influences patient survival in esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Knipper Karl , Lyu Su Ir , Jung Jin-On , Alich Niklas , Popp Felix C. , Schröder Wolfgang , Fuchs Hans F. , Bruns Christiane J. , Quaas Alexander , Nienhueser Henrik , Schmidt Thomas
Published: September 2024

In esophageal adenocarcinoma, the presence of lymph node metastases predicts patients' survival even after curative resection. Currently, there is no highly accurate marker for detecting the presence of lymph node metastasis. The SEMA3F/NRP2 axis was initially characterized in axon guidance and recent evidence has revealed its significant involvement in lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, and carcinogenesis. Hence, the objective of this study was to elucidate the roles of SEMA3F and its receptor NRP2 in esophageal adenocarcinoma. We conducted an immunohistochemical evaluation of SEMA3F and NRP2 protein expression in 776 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma who underwent Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy at the University Hospital of Cologne. Total and positive cancer cell counts were digitally analyzed using QuPath and verified by experienced pathologists to ensure accuracy. Positive expression was determined as a cell percentage exceeding the 50th percentile threshold. In our cohort, patients exhibiting SEMA3F positive expression experience significantly lower pT- and pN-stages. In contrast, positive NRP2 expression is associated with the presence of lymph node metastases. Survival analyses showed that the expression status of NRP2 had no impact on patient survival. However, SEMA3F positivity was associated with a favorable patient survival outcome (median OS: 38.9 vs. 26.5 months). Furthermore, SEMA3F could be confirmed as an independent factor for better patient survival in patients with early tumor stage (pT1N0-3: HR = 0.505, p = 0.014, pT1-4N0: HR = 0.664, p = 0.024, pT1N0: HR = 0.483, p = 0.040). In summary, SEMA3F emerges as an independent predictor for a favorable prognosis in patients with early-stage esophageal adenocarcinoma. Additionally, NRP2 expression is linked to a higher risk of lymph node metastases occurrence. We hypothesize that low SEMA3F expression could identify patients with early-stage tumors who might benefit from more aggressive treatment options or intensified follow-up. Furthermore, SEMA3F and its associated pathways should be explored as potential tumor-suppressing agents.
Satellitome analysis on the pale-breasted thrush Turdus leucomelas (Passeriformes; Turdidae) uncovers the putative co-evolution of sex chromosomes and satellite DNAs
Authors: Souza Guilherme Mota , Kretschmer Rafael , Toma Gustavo Akira , de Oliveira Alan Moura , Deon Geize Aparecida , Setti Princia Grejo , Zeni dos Santos Rodrigo , Goes Caio Augusto Gomes , Del Valle Garnero Analía , Gunski Ricardo José , de Oliveira Edivaldo Herculano Correa , Porto-Foresti Fabio , Liehr Thomas , Utsunomia Ricardo , de Bello Cioffi Marcelo
Published: September 2024

Do all birds' sex chromosomes follow the same canonical one-way direction of evolution? We combined cytogenetic and genomic approaches to analyze the process of the W chromosomal differentiation in two selected Passeriform species, named the Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas and the Rufous-bellied thrush T. rufiventris. We characterized the full catalog of satellite DNAs (satellitome) of T. leucomelas, and the 10 TleSatDNA classes obtained together with 16 microsatellite motifs were in situ mapped in both species. Additionally, using Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) assays, we investigated their intragenomic variations. The W chromosomes of both species did not accumulate higher amounts of both heterochromatin and repetitive sequences. However, while T. leucomelas showed a heterochromatin-poor W chromosome with a very complex evolutionary history, T. rufiventris showed a small and partially heterochromatic W chromosome that represents a differentiated version of its original autosomal complement (Z chromosome). The combined approach of CGH and sequential satDNA mapping suggest the occurrence of a former W-autosomal translocation event in T. leucomelas, which had an impact on the W chromosome in terms of sequence gains and losses. At the same time, an autosome, which is present in both males and females in a polymorphic state, lost sequences and integrated previously W-specific ones. This putative W-autosomal translocation, however, did not result in the emergence of a multiple-sex chromosome system. Instead, the generation of a neo-W chromosome suggests an unexpected evolutionary trajectory that deviates from the standard canonical model of sex chromosome evolution.
Elastin-specific MR probe for visualization and evaluation of an interleukin-1β targeted therapy for atherosclerosis
Authors: Mangarova Dilyana Branimirova , Reimann Carolin , Kaufmann Jan Ole , Möckel Jana , Kader Avan , Adams Lisa Christine , Ludwig Antje , Onthank David , Robinson Simon , Karst Uwe , Helmer Rebecca , Botnar Rene , Hamm Bernd , Makowski Marcus Richard , Brangsch Julia
Published: September 2024

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the arteries and represents the primary cause of various cardiovascular diseases. Despite ongoing progress, finding effective anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis remains a challenge. Here, we assessed the potential of molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the effects of 01BSUR, an anti-interleukin-1β monoclonal antibody, for treating atherosclerosis in a murine model. Male apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were divided into a therapy group (01BSUR, 2 × 0.3 mg/kg subcutaneously, n = 10) and control group (no treatment, n = 10) and received a high-fat diet for eight weeks. The plaque burden was assessed using an elastin-targeted gadolinium-based contrast probe (0.2 mmol/kg intravenously) on a 3 T MRI scanner. T1-weighted imaging showed a significantly lower contrast-to-noise (CNR) ratio in the 01BSUR group (pre: 3.93042664; post: 8.4007067) compared to the control group (pre: 3.70679168; post: 13.2982156) following administration of the elastin-specific MRI probe (p < 0.05). Histological examinations demonstrated a significant reduction in plaque size (p < 0.05) and a significant decrease in plaque elastin content (p < 0.05) in the treatment group compared to control animals. This study demonstrated that 01BSUR hinders the progression of atherosclerosis in a mouse model. Using an elastin-targeted MRI probe, we could quantify these therapeutic effects in MRI.
Structure of tetrameric forms of the serotonin-gated 5-HT3A receptor ion channel
Authors: Introini Bianca , Cui Wenqiang , Chu Xiaofeng , Zhang Yingyi , Alves Ana Catarina , Eckhardt-Strelau Luise , Golusik Sabrina , Tol Menno , Vogel Horst , Yuan Shuguang , Kudryashev Mikhail
Published: September 2024

Multimeric membrane proteins are produced in the endoplasmic reticulum and transported to their target membranes which, for ion channels, is typically the plasma membrane. Despite the availability of many fully assembled channel structures, our understanding of assembly intermediates, multimer assembly mechanisms, and potential functions of non-standard assemblies is limited. We demonstrate that the pentameric ligand-gated serotonin 5-HT3A receptor (5-HT3AR) can assemble to tetrameric forms and report the structures of the tetramers in plasma membranes of cell-derived microvesicles and in membrane memetics using cryo-electron microscopy and tomography. The tetrameric structures have near-symmetric transmembrane domains, and asymmetric extracellular domains, and can bind serotonin molecules. Computer simulations, based on our cryo-EM structures, were used to decipher the assembly pathway of pentameric 5-HT3R and suggest a potential functional role for the tetrameric receptors.
Synthesis and characterization of homometallic cobalt complexes with metal–metal interactions
Authors: Xin Xiaoqing , Sheng Weiming , Zhang Qian , Qi Ruogu , Zhu Qin , Zhu Congqing
Published: September 2024

Homometallic cobalt complexes with metal–metal interactions were constructed by a multidentate ligand with two rigid pyridyl units.
Emerging mycotoxins and preventive strategies related to gut microbiota changes: probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics – a systematic review
Authors: Lázaro Álvaro , Vila-Donat Pilar , Manyes Lara
Published: September 2024

Recent studies highlight the role of gut microbiota in diseases, showing that probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics (PPSP) offer health benefits by modulating the microbiome, potentially contributing to improved disease outcomes and overall well-being.
Film thickness-induced optical and electrical modifications in large-area few-layer 2H-MoSe2 grown by MBE
Authors: Kandar Santanu , Bhatt Kamlesh , Kumar Nand , Kapoor Ashok , Singh Rajendra
Published: September 2024

Variation of refractive index (n) with photon energy and current (I) with voltage (V) for different thicknesses of MoSe2 films has been reported. The layer-dependent band diagram shows n-type conductivity for 1L to 7L MoSe2 films.
Ratiometric near infrared fluorescence imaging of dopamine with 1D and 2D nanomaterials
Authors: Hill Bjoern F. , Mohr Jennifer M. , Sandvoss Isabelle K. , Gretz Juliana , Galonska Phillip , Schnitzler Lena , Erpenbeck Luise , Kruss Sebastian
Published: September 2024

We combine Egyptian blue nanosheets and DNA-modified monochiral SWCNTs to create a ratiometric near infrared fluorescent sensor for the neurotransmitter dopamine. It enables robust imaging of dopamine-release from neurons.
Structural diversity of copper(i) alkynyl cluster-based coordination polymers utilizing bifunctional pyridine carboxylic acid ligands
Authors: Liu Zheng , Fang Jun-Jie , Wang Zhi-Yi , Xie Yun-Peng , Lu Xing
Published: September 2024

A series of copper(i) alkynyl cluster-based polymers (CACPs) have been successfully synthesized by employing bifunctional ligands. Additionally, the selection of auxiliary ligands plays a crucial role in shaping the structure of CACPs.
C–N cleavage of secondary amide to access primary amide by a Co(ii)/Oxone oxidation system
Authors: Zhang Haixing , Sun Chaoyue , Zhang Xuan , Cheng Xuan , Guo Guiwen , Geng Wang , Gong Peiwei , Zhang Shumiao , Chao Mianran , Shen Duyi
Published: September 2024

The C–N cleavage of N-aryl and N-alkyl secondary (sulfon)amide to afford primary amides was enabled by a Co(ii)/Oxone catalytic oxidation system.
A tremella-like in situ synthesis of ZIF-67Co(OH)F@Co3O4 on carbon cloth as an electrode material for supercapacitors
Authors: Ahmad Shakeel , Tariq Muhammad , Rehman Zia Ur , Yao Shanshan , Zhu Bing , Ni Henmei , Samiuddin Muhammad , Khan Khalid Ali , Zaki Magdi E. A.
Published: September 2024

In this study, a simple in situ technique followed by hydrothermal method is used to synthesize a novel tremella-like structure of ZIF-67Co(OH)F@Co3O4/CC metal–organic framework (MOF) derived from zeolite imidazole.
Surface-designed AuNPs-based fluorescent probe for ultra-sensitive detection of oral poultry antibacterial drug furaltadone via intermolecular hydrogen bonding
Authors: Sowndarya A. , Thangadurai T. Daniel , Manjubaashini N. , Pavithrakumar M. , Senthilkumar K. , Nataraj D. , Kadirvelu K. , Kalagatur K. Naveen
Published: September 2024

Morphology transforming and thermally stable (∼370 °C) PA@AuNPs were utilized for ultra-low detection (LoD 6.0 nM) of oral poultry antibacterial drug Furaltadone in blood serum, supported by DFT studies, and bioimaging in zebrafish.
Metal free C–O bond cleavage: a new strategy for the synthesis of substituted oxazoles
Authors: Li Shengwang , Liu Guiqin , Zhang Zheyan , Chen Ruiling , Tian Haiying , Wang Huifeng , Chen Xiuling
Published: September 2024

A strategy for C–O bond cleavage of ester for the synthesis of substituted oxazoles was developed. The synthesis proceeded smoothly under metal-free conditions, combining C–O bond cleavage, C–N and C–O bond formation in one pot.
Boosting circularly polarized luminescence by optimizing off-centering octahedral distortion in zero-dimensional hybrid indium-antimony halides
Authors: Liu Yulian , Wei Yi , Luo Zhishan , Xu Bin , He Meiying , Hong Peibin , Li Chen , Quan Zewei
Published: September 2024

By optimizing the off-centering distortion of octahedra in 0D hybrid metal halides, high photoluminescence quantum yield of near-unity and large dissymmetry factor of 3.8 × 10−2 are achieved, boosting their circularly polarized luminescence.
Emulsifying mechanisms of phospholipids in high-pressure homogenization of perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions
Authors: Lubitz Larissa J. , Rieger Harden , Leneweit Gero
Published: September 2024

An optimized PFC/W emulsion contains 1 mM lipid per 1% (v/v) dispersed phase for an emulsifying monolayer; higher ratios result in triple layers. Low viscosity ratios ηD/ηC ≤ 5 and low PFC volume fractions lead to smaller monodisperse droplets.
Determination of divalent metal ion-regulated proton concentration and polarity at the interface of anionic phospholipid membranes
Authors: Mandal Pratima , Roy Snigdha , Karmakar Manisha , Bhatta Sushil Ranjan , Ghosh Chandi Charan , Thakur Arunabha , Parui Partha Pratim
Published: September 2024

M2+-interaction with anionic membranes (M2+/lipid < 1 : 10) reduced acidity from ∼3.0 to ∼1.5 pH′ (−log[H+]) unit at the interface from the bulk phase and interfacial dielectric constant from 67 to ∼61.
Gas flows in the central region of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4593 with MUSE
Authors: Mulumba D. , Knapen J. H. , Comerón S. , Ramos Almeida C. , Obonyo W. O. , Pereira-Santaella M. , Baki P.
Published: September 2024

Context. Understanding how gas flows into galactic centres, fuels the active galactic nucleus (AGN), and is in turn expelled back through feedback processes is of great importance to appreciate the role AGN play in the growth and evolution of galaxies.

Aims. We use Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer-adaptive optics (MUSE-AO) optical spectra of the inner 7″​.5 × 7″​.5 (1.3 kpc × 1.3 kpc) of the nearby Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4593 to characterise its ionised gas kinematics.

Methods. We fitted single-Gaussian components to the [O III] λ5007 and [N II] λ6583 emission lines, and double-Gaussian components to Hα and Hβ to determine the main ionisation mechanism of the gas. To determine the kinematics of the ionised gas, we fit double-Gaussian components to the [O III] λ5007 line.

Results. The high angular resolution MUSE data (∼0″​​​​. 12 = 20 pc) capture structures of the circumnuclear region including the innermost spiral that feeds the nucleus. Based on the stellar kinematic maps, we confirm the presence of a rotating disc, whilst for the ionised gas, we find high-velocity dispersion values of up to 200 − 250 km s−1 that show that part of the gas is highly perturbed. The dominant ionisation mechanism of the gas is AGN photoionisation, which reaches the highest values within the innermost 4″ (680 pc) diameter of the galaxy. At larger radii, the emission line ratios correspond to values in the composite region of the Baldwin, Phillips and Terlevich (BPT) diagram.

Conclusions. The broad-component of [O III] λ5007 shows blue-shifted velocities on the east side of the central 2″ (340 pc), which spatially coincide with a region of high velocity-dispersion. This confirms the presence of outflowing gas. We estimate a mass outflow rate and kinetic power of Ṁ ≥ 0.048 M⊙ yr−1 and Ėkin ≥ 4.09 × 1039 erg s−1. The derived mass outflow rate is consistent with that expected from empirical relations between mass outflow rate and AGN luminosity for a low-luminosity AGN such as NGC 4593. High angular resolution integral field observations can enable multi-component analysis of the innermost regions of galaxies, allowing a detailed view of ionised gas flows.
Effect of TiO2 structure on hysteretic behaviors in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells
Authors: Elcock William , Ziabari Ali Abdolahzadeh , Chang Gap Soo
Published: September 2024

This work explores a mechanism behind hysteresis in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells. The solar cells in this work employed either compact TiO2, mesoporous TiO2, or a combination of compact and mesoporous TiO2 as an electron transport layer. The solar cells using compact TiO2 layer displayed the most pronounced hysteresis compared to those which made use of mesoporous TiO2. Different hysteretic behavior is attributed to difference in the built-in electric fields present in the architecture of perovskite solar cell. The solar cells with a compact TiO2 layer have a built-in field which allows for iodide ions to migrate and accumulate near to the interface of indium-tin-oxide electrode, ultimately causing a reduction in the measured power conversion efficiency for forward bias scans. In case of the cells with a mesoporous TiO2 layer, they have the built-in fields configured in such a way that iodide ions are blocked from migrating on a large scale to the vicinity of the ITO electrode. This results in the reduced hysteresis in perovskite solar cells when a mesoporous TiO2 electron transport layer is employed.
On Limiting Directions of Julia Sets of Entire Solutions of Complex Differential Equations
Authors: XIA Xin , ZHANG Ying , HUANG Zhigang
Published: September 2024

Assume that [see formula in PDF] is a transcendental entire function. The ray [see formula in PDF] is said to be a limiting direction of the Julia set [see formula in PDF] of [see formula in PDF] if there exists an unbounded sequence [see formula in PDF] such that [see formula in PDF]. In this paper, we mainly investigate the dynamical properties of Julia sets of entire solutions of the complex differential equations [see formula in PDF] and [see formula in PDF], where [see formula in PDF] is a differential polynomial in [see formula in PDF] and its derivatives, [see formula in PDF][see formula in PDF] and [see formula in PDF] are entire functions. We demonstrate the existence of close relationships Petrenko's deviations of the coefficients and the measures of limiting directions of entire solutions of the above two equations.
Tratamento conservador da camptodactilia com órteses: Coorte retrospectiva
Authors: Oliveira Maria da Conceição Soares de , Figueiredo Felipe Soares , Aguiar Diego Pinheiro
Published: September 2024

Objetivo Avaliar os resultados do tratamento conservador com o uso de órteses estáticas confeccionadas pelo Setor de Terapia Ocupacional da nossa instituição em participantes com camptodactilia dos tipos I, II e III, em suas formas rígida ou flexível, descrever os dados demográficos e clínicos, e avaliar o número de abandonos no período do tratamento.

Métodos O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa em Seres Humanos, com número de protocolo CAAE 20300419.3.0000.5273. Todos os prontuários utilizados na pesquisa foram disponibilizados pela nossa instituição. Não foi feito o uso de termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido (TCLE) para este estudo retrospectivo devido à impossibilidade de contactar o elevado número de participantes. Foram incluídos os prontuários de 38 participantes atendidos no Ambulatório de Terapia Ocupacional de 2013 a 2019.

Resultados Dos 54 dedos tratados com órteses, 38 foram totalmente corrigidos. As taxas de correção foram as seguintes: tipo I na forma rígida –100%; tipo I na forma flexível –81,2%; tipo II na forma rígida – 0%; tipo II na forma flexível – 100%; tipo III na forma rígida –47,6%; e tipo III na forma flexível –100%. Do total de 93 dedos incluídos, 42% abandonaram o tratamento.

Conclusão O uso de órteses estáticas é uma alternativa segura ao procedimento cirúrgico e de baixa complexidade de execução para o tratamento da camptodactilia.