bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF OREGONIN ON THE MICROBIOME AND FORMATION OF THE AMINO ACID FUND OF THE INTESTINE, LIVER AND PLASMA
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Nikalayeva I. V. , Sheibak V. M. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Astrouskaya O. B. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Doroshenko E. M. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Smirnov V. Yu. ,   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
Published: November 2023

Background. This article analyzes the effect of a course intragastric administration of oregonin on the microbiocenosis of parietal mucin, the morphological structure of the intestinal mucosa, as well as the formation of the amino acid fund of the microbial-tissue complex of the small intestine, liver and plasma. Objective. The aim of the study was to identify the mechanisms of the biological activity of oregonin when administered to normal animals. Material and methods. The experiments were performed on white female rats weighing 180-240 g. The animals were enterally administered with 0.005% aqueous solution of oregonin at a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight for 10 days daily. The control group received equivalent volumes of saline. In samples of the microbial-tissue complex of the small intestine, liver and plasma, the concentrations of free amino acids and their nitrogen-containing metabolites were determined by HPLC. Morphological and microbiological studies were carried out according to standard methods. Results. In animals treated with oregonin, there were no negative changes in the structure of the jejunal wall. In the microbiome of the parietal mucin, an increase in the population of anaerobes was observed, due to the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. At the same time, a bacteriostatic effect was recorded against lactose-negative and gas -forming microflora. In the microbial-tissue complex of the small intestine, after the enteral administration of oregonin, the total levels of amino acids and nitrogen-containing derivatives, which are produced mainly by facultative anaerobic microflora, decreased. In the liver, the intake of oregonin led to an increase in the total amount of amino acids and their derivatives. The total content of proteinogenic amino acids and their nitrogen-containing derivatives also decreased in the blood plasma. Conclusion. Oregonin demonstrates a high biological activity when administered enterally to animals. Positive changes in the intestinal microbiome and increased production of mucin, on the one hand, probably inhibit the production of nitrogen-containing products by facultative anaerobes, and on the other hand, initiate the use of free amino acids for biosynthetic purposes in tissues, while preventing their catabolism.
Pridoli (Silurian) to Lochkovian (Early Devonian) conodonts and the Silurian-Devonian boundary interval in the Decatur Limestone and Ross Formation in the Western Valley of Tennessee, USA
Authors: Barrick James E. , Kleffner Mark A.
Published: November 2023

The timing of the facies transition from the Decatur Limestone to the overlying Rockhouse Limestone Member of the Ross Formation in western Tennessee was evaluated using conodont faunas and the delta 13C carb curve. The facies transition corresponds to conodont extinctions associated with the Klonk Oceanic Event and with the Klonk isotopic excursion, which span the Silurian-Devonian boundary interval. The interpreted position of the Silurian-Devonian boundary is placed near the top of the Decatur, above the conodont extinction level and in the ascending limb of the isotopic excursion. The lowest occurrences of the Devonian species Caudicriodus murphyi and C. anitae are slightly higher, at the top of the Decatur, and both species characterize the Rockhouse Limestone Member. The conodont succession across the Silurian-Devonian boundary is like that reported from sections in West Texas and Oklahoma and represents a regional biological response to the Klonk Event in the southern part of the Appohimchi Subprovince of the Appalachian Province, one that is also represented by comparable changes in brachiopod and ostracode faunas. Correlation into the northern part of the Appohimchi Subprovince is best accomplished using the delta 13C carb curve. The western Tennessee conodont fauna includes two closely related species of Zieglerodina, Z. zellmeri and Z. planilingua, as well as distinctive forms of Pseudooneotodus.
Evolution and migration of conodonts and ammonoids near the end of Devonian recorded in distant localities
Authors: Dzik Jerzy , Phong Nguyen Duc , Thuy Nguyen Thi , Swis Przemyslaw
Published: November 2023

The Devonian-Carboniferous boundary is allegedly marked by one of the most catastrophic global extinctions associated with sedimentation of the Hangenberg black shale. A dense sampling of the Kowala section in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, challenges this view, showing that the faunal dynamics across the Hangenberg black shalewas not more dramatic than that across the preceding Kowala black shale. Quantitative analysis and biologically meaningful conodont apparatus study of the Kowala material offer probably the most complete record of faunal change in the latest Famennian and earliest Tournaisian among those sampled bed-by-bed for ammonoids and conodonts. It appears that the faunal dynamics of both cephalopods and conodonts was controlled by environmental changes that resulted in numerous immigrations and disappearances of particular lineages. Only a small fraction of lineages persisted long enough at the place, and transformed their morphology fast enough, to leave a record of their evolution. Most of the evolution apparently took place elsewhere. Locations of remote refugia where these lineages evolved in the time span bracketed by the Kowala and Hangenberg black shale events remain to be identified. Conodont apparatus study on geographically distant Vietnamese locality Cat Ba provides evidence that at least in the latest Famennian some conodont species unknown from Poland were present in Vietnam. Moreover, the contribution of species known from both localities to Polish and Vietnamese fossil assemblages was dramatically different.
Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Turonian-Coniacian transition interval in the Kopeh-Dagh sedimentary basin, NE Iran
Authors: Haddadi Mohammad , Vahidinia Mohammad , Gharaie Mohamad Hosein Mahmudy , Ardestani Meysam Shafiee , Zaghbib-Turki Dalila
Published: November 2023

The Abderaz Formation was analyzed from four stratigraphic sections (Qaleh-Zo, Abderaz village, Mozduran pass (type section of the formation), and Chahchahe) in awest to east transect of the Kopeh-Dagh Basin. The Abderaz Formation is composed of light gray shale and marl alternated with limestone rich in echinoids and inoceramids. Planktonic foraminifera were studied in detail in order to determine the Turonian-Coniacian boundary with more accuracy and to highlight bio-events around this boundary in the Kopeh-Dagh sedimentary basin. Nineteen planktonic foraminifera species belonging to 12 genera were identified in the Turonian-Coniacian transition interval. Four planktonic foraminifera biozones are recognized in all studied sections; they are 1) Whiteinella archaeocretacea Partial Range Zone, 2) Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica Total Range Zone, 3) Marginotruncana sigali-Dicarinella primitiva Partial Range Zone, and 4) Dicarinella concavata Interval Zone. In all studied sections, the Turonian-Coniacian boundary is placed at the base of the Dicarinella concavata Interval Zone. As in our previous work, we confirm that the base of the Coniacian stage in the Kopeh-Dagh sedimentary basin is distinguished based on the first occurrences of Dicarinella concavata, Pseudotextularia nuttalli, and Contusotruncana fornicata, and on the last occurrences of Dicarinella imbricata, Marginotruncana paraconcavata and Marginotruncana schneegansi.
NORTH AMERICAN COMMISSION ON STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE Note 72 - Application for Revisions to the North American Stratigraphic Code to Address Culturally Offensive or Inappropriate Unit Names and to Encourage the Use of Indigenous Place Names
Authors: MacNaughton Robert B. , Dafoe Lynn T. , Haggart James W.
Published: November 2023

The North American Stratigraphic Code ("the Code") addresses the naming of formal geologic units from a scientific perspective. Guidelines based on scientific rationale are provided for assigning and revising unit names. However, whereas some scientific codes and guidelines now address the problem of offensive or inappropriate names, the Code at present has no means of addressing such matters. This omission presents a problem because most categories of formal units covered by the Code are named after geographic features, and some units have thus inherited culturally offensive or inappropriate names. The naming of geographic features (toponymy) also has reflected the historic suppression of Indigenous languages in North America. To address the first issue, additions and changes to the Code are proposed around the use of culturally offensive or inappropriate names: to explicitly counsel against their use; to provide a simplified process to rename scientifically valid units; and to invalidate nomenclatural stability as a justification for retaining such unit names. To address the second issue, additions to the Code are proposed that recognize maps produced by Indigenous governments or organizations as sources of geographic names, and that encourage the respectful use of Indigenous place names.
Sequence stratigraphic framework of the Rumaila and Mishrif Formations, onshore Kuwait
Authors: Youssef Abdulkader H. , Al-Sahlan Ghaida , Karam Khalaf A. , Packer S. R. , Starkie S. P. , Stead D. T.
Published: November 2023

High-resolution biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental investigations have been integrated with sedimentology and wireline log data to establish a biostratigraphically constrained depositional sequence stratigraphic framework. The Rumaila and Mishrif formations are early to middle Cenomanian to early Turonian in age. The Rumaila Formation was deposited in distal inner ramp to outer ramp settings. The Mishrif Formation was deposited in inner to middle ramp settings comprising transitional, tidal flats, lagoonal, shoal, backshoal and foreshoal sub-settings. The two formations are coincident with 3rd order depositional sequences K130 and K140. The K130 sequence boundary lies on the contact between the lagoonal, non-calcareous shale of the upper Ahmadi Formation and the carbonates and highly calcareous shale of the Rumaila Formation. The K130 transgressive systems tract is composed of a highly calcareous marine shale at the base of Rumaila Formation, which contains abundant to common nannofossils, common to rare foraminifera and ostracods. The K130 MFS is characterized by occurrence of abundant foraminifera and ostracods. The K130 highstand systems tract is comprised of interbeded mudstones, wackestones, packstones and dolomitic mudstone. The early highstand is fossiliferous, becoming progressively less fossiliferous in the late highstand. The K140 sequence boundary coincides with the Rumaila and Mishrif formational contact. The incremental increase in the abundance of deeper marine foraminiferal assemblages within the mudstone and wackestone interbeds overlying this contact indicates initiation of a marine transgressive event. A thin, regionally extensive, dark-grey, non-calcareous shale which is largely barren of microfossils and high gamma ray is considered a proxy of the global OAE 2 anoxic event of late Cenomanian to earliest Turonian age. The early highstand of K140 is composed of middle ramp mudstone to wackestone interbeds enriched in open marine planktonic and benthic foraminifera. The late highstand is represented by shoal, proximal shoal deposits enriched in coralline and rudist wackestone and packstone overlain by miliolid lagoonal wackestones underneath the K150 sequence boundary, known as pre-Aruma unconformity.
cultura profissional e a percepção da presencialidade como dimensão de qualidade da produção jornalística
Authors: Patrício Edgard , Kariny Correia da Silva Costa Ísmia
Published: November 2023

A pandemia da covid-19 impactou as rotinas de trabalho do jornalismo. Aqui, buscamos compreender como a redução da presencialidade pode afetar a qualidade da informação jornalística. Discutimos sobre a qualidade na produção jornalística (Guerra, 2016; Meijer e Bijleveld, 2016; Fürst, 2020; Santos e Guazina, 2020), estabelecemos um diálogo sobre a dimensão da presencialidade no jornalismo (Medina, 2016; Pantti et al., 2019; Margalit, 2020; Figaro, 2021; Peres, 2021) e realizamos uma pesquisa exploratória seguida de aplicação de um survey com 112 profissionais, docentes e estudantes de jornalismo. Identificamos que a presencialidade atravessa diversos momentos da produção jornalística, e é considerada por 66% dos respondentes como um fator de importância acima da média para a qualidade do jornalismo.
Propaganda eleitoral digital no Brasil
Authors: Alves Marcelo , Tavares Camilla
Published: November 2023

A comunicação eleitoral brasileira passou por transformações em 2018. A autorização do patrocínio indiscriminado de publicações nas mídias sociais e em mecanismos de busca apresenta novidades significativas para as estratégias de propaganda eleitoral on-line no país. A proposta deste artigo é analisar os impactos da autorização do impulsionamento de publicações no Facebook dos candidatos à presidência em 2018, a fim de verificar se e de que forma as equipes de campanha desenvolveram estratégias de segmentação e direcionamento de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstram que determinados estados e recortes etários foram privilegiados e receberam mais investimento em detrimento de outros. Ao fim, debatemos como o impulsionamento de publicações reduz o caráter institucional e público da comunicação eleitoral, na medida em que transfere para empresas tecnológicas privadas e transnacionais as funções de distribuição, regulação e transparência da propaganda eleitoral.
Corpo, memória e fabulação anticolonial nas colagens visuais de Gê Viana
Authors: Gonçalves Fernando
Published: November 2023

O artigo discute, apoiado nas noções de ficção especulativa em Jota Mombaça e de fabulação crítica de Saidiya Hartman, o papel que as fotomontagens da artista Gê Viana têm na elaboração de uma crítica anticolonial aos processos de violência contra corpos dissidentes de raça e de gênero e culturas dos povos originários no Brasil. Observando como a artista interfere e adultera imagens de arquivo, a hipótese do texto é que por meio desses procedimentos suas imagens vão constituir um dispositivo fabulador capaz de construir ficções visuais que especulam memórias de futuro e conjuram o trauma colonial. Por meio da análise de alguns de seus principais trabalhos, conclui-se que as fotomontagens da artista reprocessam a memória colonial e as representações de corpos dissidentes, reposicionando-as para além do trauma.
“Se mandar pintar o cabelo, eu pinto!”
Authors: Holzbach Ariane
Published: November 2023

O artigo faz um panorama histórico dos programas infantis, com destaque para os programas de auditório, de forma a marcar o estabelecimento da fenotipia branca-loira na programação infantil da televisão brasileira. Argumento que esse padrão foi erigido sobretudo a partir de três elementos: 1) o contexto da ditadura militar, 2) a livre entrada de olhares importados sobre os conteúdos infantis na televisão, com destaque para os conteúdos estadunidenses e 3) como parte de uma tentativa de embranquecimento extremo de corpos na mídia, no qual Xuxa aparece como principal (mas nem de longe o único) expoente. Para tanto, analiso aspectos visuais, cênicos e narrativos de programas infantis exibidos durante e após a ditadura militar e me concentro então em três produtos exemplares: Clube da Criança, Balão Mágico e, principalmente, Xou da Xuxa. Esses programas construíram fios condutores orientados pela manutenção do mito da democracia racial em diálogo com o estabelecimento de um padrão fenotípico alimentado por expectativas brancas muito específicas.
Acelera!
Authors: Bezerra Julio
Published: November 2023

Um dos desafios mais visíveis no cinema contemporâneo é negociar a velocidade crescente da forma e da cultura cinematográficas. O objetivo deste texto é pensar sobre o chamado speed watching, uma prática que nos ajuda a mapear os contornos do consumo audiovisual hoje, bem como a economia afetiva, ética e libidinal que marcam a espectatorialidade de nosso tempo. Ao longo desse caminho, atravessaremos questões como, um diálogo cada vez mais forte com o primeiro cinema, a ideia constante da “morte do cinema”, a sétima arte como uma experiência individual e solitária, o ritual da exibição, o discurso neoliberal e a cultura digital.
Olhares negros
Authors: Granadeiro da Silveira Gabrielle , Rosa Daniela
Published: November 2023

O trabalho se trata de uma resenha sobre a edição brasileira do livro Olhares negros: raça e representação (2019), da autora bell hooks, que discute feminismo negro, interseccionalidade e o olhar negro sobre representações na mídia.
Super Marx World
Authors: Pereira Matheus , Carmelini Leandro
Published: November 2023

Marx no fliperama tenta aplicar o pensamento de Karl Marx à história dos games. Jamie Woodcock apresenta uma genealogia dos jogos eletrônicos desde de suas origens até os dias de hoje, destacando o contexto de seu desenvolvimento e financiamento, além de seu impacto social e econômico.
“Paisagens moventes, espaços em construção”
Authors: Nigri Daniela , Ludgério Henrique
Published: November 2023

Resenha do livro Recortes do Mundo: espaço e paisagem no cinema (2023), escrito por Angela Prysthon. Nesta obra, a autora reúne uma série de ensaios que interligam questões relativas ao cinema e à paisagem. As ideias de uma geografia afetiva, da heterotopia foucaultiana e das deambulações surrealistas, provenientes de estudos em fotografia, arquitetura e cinema, se mostram essenciais para pensar a paisagem e as possibilidades críticas do espaço.
Sobre a tela
Authors: Michaud Philippe-Alain
Published: November 2023

Este texto se propõe a explorar a dupla significação contraditória da tela, que é, ao mesmo tempo, superfície de projeção, aquilo que permite mostrar, e aquilo que esconde, que faz "tela". Talvez essas duas funções, observadas em conjunto e em sua dimensão contraditória, sejam a própria fonte da figurabilidade.
Imagens operativas
Authors: Parikka Jussi
Published: November 2023

O texto a seguir é um trecho editado do livro de Jussi Parikka, Operational Images: From the Visual to the Invisual (University of Minnesota Press, 2023). O livro retoma o conhecido conceito de “imagens operativas” de Harun Farocki e, ao se deslocar pela arte, pelo design, pela arquitetura e pelas culturas visuais, oferece um guia para a compreensão das práticas contemporâneas de imagens e dados, das artes visuais às operações invisíveis da Inteligência Artificial (IA) e da machine vision.
Gamificação
Authors: Woodcock Jamie , Johnson Mark R.
Published: November 2023

Gamificação é entendida como a aplicação de sistemas de jogo - competição, recompensas, quantificação do comportamento do jogador/usuário - em domínios não relacionados a jogos, como o trabalho. Neste artigo, os autores distinguem entre dois tipos de gamificação: primeiro, a 'gamificação de cima', envolvendo a otimização e racionalização das práticas de trabalho pelo gerenciamento; e segundo, a 'gamificação de baixo', uma forma de resistência ativa contra o controle no trabalho. O artigo conclui com um novo apelo a essa ‘gamificação de baixo’, que é uma forma ideal de resistência contra a gamificação de cima e sua captura do jogo em busca do trabalho.
Application of play-answers learning method to improve student activities and learning completeness in science learning
Authors: Mahyaeny Mahyaeny
Published: November 2023

Many students' active role in the teaching and learning process at SMP Negeri 4 Mataram class VIII.5 does not meet the standard criteria for learning completeness, so the researcher, on this occasion, tried to apply the learning method of playing answers as one way to increase student learning activity and completeness. This research aims to determine the application of the learning method of playing answers in improving student learning activity and completeness in science learning class VIII.5 at SMP Negeri 4 Mataram for the 2021-2022 academic year. It is classroom action research carried out in two cycles with quantitative and qualitative research approaches. A quantitative approach obtains student learning outcomes, while a qualitative approach uses observation sheets to observe teacher and student activities. The research results showed that there was an increase in student learning activities. Cycle I with the quite active category and Cycle II with the active category. For achievement data, learning outcomes obtained from the percentage of completion in Cycle I reached 75%, and in Cycle II, it increased to 86.66%. By looking at the percentage of completeness in Cycle II, it can be concluded that classical learning completeness has been achieved. Thus, applying the learning method of playing answers can increase student learning activity and completeness in classroom science learning SMP Negeri 4 Mataram 2021-2022 Academic Year.
Maximisation of Crop Production through Adequate Irrigation
Authors:   Plant Protection Officer Sattur, S.A IBRAHIM ALI
Published: November 2023

Provision of irrigation facilities is the most potent single factor in any scheme of increased crop production, especially in a country like ours where the monsoons are often erratic and the rains precarious. No doubt, better seeds, more manure and scientific methods of cultivation do play their parts in increasing crop yields. But without adequate and timely supply of water, these cannot produce effective results. By providing an assured supply of water, crop production may be increased by 100%, for the dry land can be converted into a garden land, the garden land into a wet land and the single crop wet land into a double crop wet land.
Usefulness of Water and Soil Conservation by Bunding Lands in Low Rainfall Areas
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, BAIG MIRZA ANSER
Published: November 2023

Out of the long list of nature's gifts to man none is perhaps so essential to human life as soil. And the top soil is the most vital part of the soil. Lying at an average depth of about 7 or 8 inches over the land, this upper layer of the soil is the principal feeding zone of the plant, which provides food for human or livestock consumption, fibre for clothing and timber for shelter. Soil constitutes the physical basis of our agricultural enterprises. Under many conditions, however it is the most unstable of all major natural resources.
Studies on the Depth of Colour in Rice Foliage
Authors:   Madras Agricultural Department, M. B. V NARASINGA RAO , P.C SAHADEVAN ,   Madras Agricultural Department
Published: November 2023

In selecting plants or varieties for higher yields, breeders are generally guided by certain external features that are associated with productivity. In rice, for example, selection is based on characters like tillering, number of ears per plant, length of ears and twinning of the grains at the tips of the ears. Another variation observed in rice is with reference to the depth of the green colour of the foliage. Such difference in depth of colour is observed between different varieties and also between strains isolated within a variety.
Recent Studies in the Control of Nut-Grass (Cyperus rotundus)
Authors:   Millets Breeding Station Coimbatore, P KRISHNA RAO , U.A WARIAR ,   Millets Breeding Station Coimbatore, L MOSES ,   Millets Breeding Station Coimbatore
Published: November 2023

Cyperus rotundus is a pernicious weed which smothers the growth of crop plants in badly infested fields, specially during the seedling stages of the crop. If the growth of the weed could be arrested by some chemical or agronomic method there will be less competition in the field, and the crop will be able to come up better. The local mothod of getting rid of this weed is to work the Guntaka or blade harrow in the fields after the receipt of showers during the fallow period or work the country plough before the crop is sown. When the crop is on, the weeds are removed once or twice by means of chisel hoes, engaging human labour.
Problems of Low-Income Farmers
Authors:   Assitant Agricultural Economics ,Agricultural College Coimbatore  641 003, K ΜΕΕΝAKSHISUNDARAM
Published: November 2023

It is a well-known fact that nearly three-fourths of India's population depend on agriculture for their living. Nearly 70 per cent of these cultivators have uneconomic holdings. Cultivation of land taken on lease, is therefore widespread and about 50 to 60 per cent of cultivators are tenants at will, sharing their produce with absentee landlords, who very seldom render any useful service in the cultivation of their lands.
The Estimation of Toxicity of Insecticidal Deposits by Biological Methods Part-11
Authors:   Agricultural College Bapatla, P DR. SATYANARAYANA
Published: November 2023

Investigations reported in the earlier communication (Satyanarayana, 1951) showed that the amount of D. D. T. (1:1:1) Trichloro-2:2-bis (P-Chlorophenylethane), recovered from the surfaces of apple leaves and estimated chemically varied with the mode of deposition, the nature of solvent used in the preparation of the insecticide, and the concentration of the insecticide itself. As it was next intended to see how far these chemical recoveries could be correlated with their biological performances experiments were conducted in advance to test the suitability of the insect used for the test and the extent to which the results could be relied upon and reproduced.
The Guava (Psidium guajava)
Authors:   Fruit Assitant, Fruit Research Station Kodur, T.B DASARATHY
Published: November 2023

The guava is a sub-tropical, hardy, ever-green fruit- tree grown all over Utter Pradesh, and Madras. It is grown in parts of Sindh, and also in places like Dharwar in Bombay. It can with- stand a maximum temperature of 114° F., even with scanty rainfall of less than 10". In Madras it grows to perfection in the alluvial areas of the Godavari, Krishna and Sarada, where there is an adequate admixture of sand in the soil. In Bombay it has been reported to thrive quite well even on rocky soils. It is known to thrive even upto an altitude of 3,000 feet in the hill zones of South India. It is clear that it is a plant that is adaptable to conditions. a variety of By careful cultural practices and irrigation, the guava can be made to yield almost throughout the year. The cheapness of the fruit, with the superior quality of the seedless types, make them the ideal dessert fruit of the common man.
Vellarimathana quick-growing cucurbit
Authors:   Plant Physiologist, Agricultural College Bapalta, L VENKATARATNAM
Published: November 2023

Baptala is situated in the central sandy belt in the east coast iu the Guntur district. The water table in this coastal area is very high. The soils are mostly sandy and are of, low fertility. Several crops like brinjal, chillies, amaranthus etc., are successfully raised with the aid of high doses of chemical and farmyard manures. A large collection of vegetables was made by the Depart- ment of Agriculture for the newly started College Botanic garden with a view to select the best suited for this locality. Among these, a vegetable collected from Malabar, locally known there as Vellari- mathan was found to be the best in giving the highest yield in a very short time. Its colour, bulk and cheapness created a keen demand for this vegetable, in this locality. With a view to stimulate interest in the public and popularise this vegetable, a brief note on the morphology, culture, seasonal performance, response to ferttilizer treatments, composition etc., is presented here. The term Vellari- mathan implies that it is an intermediate form between 'Vellari' or cucumber (Cucumis sativus, Linn) and Mathan or Pumpkin (Cucurbitu maxima, Duch). Dosa gummidi is a synonym in recent usage here. The external characters show a close resemblance to Cucurbita maxima Duch., and this is considered as a variety of pumpkin. But Krishnamurthy (1948) has reported that this has 36, as the 2n., chromosome number and this does not agree with the count of 40, 2n., chromosome number recorded for Cucurbita maxima by Bhaduri and Bose (1947), Whitaker (1933) and Mekay (1930). He opines that this is likely to be a variant obtained by selection. Its exact nomenclature, therefore, still needs confirmation.
A note on chillies thrips control in seed-bed areas in Guntur district
Authors:   Crop and Plant Protection Officer Bapatla, V THIRUMALA RAO , P RAMANADHA RAO ,   Agricultural Demonstrator, Guntur, M KOTESWARA RAO ,   Plant Protection Assitant Bapatla
Published: November 2023

There is an area of 67,415 acres under chillies in Guntur district, distributed over Guntur. Sattenapalli, Gurzala (Palnad) and Narasaraopet taluqs. Out of this, Guntur talug, claims an area of 40,000 acres. The crop is grown under rainfed conditions in the mid season, July to February. This is one of the most important commercial spice crops of this district and the income from an acre at present market rates, ranges from anything between Rs. 750/- to Rs. 1,000/-
Manuring of paddy in relation to the present food crisis in India
Authors:   Directore of Agriculture Madras, D.V BAL
Published: November 2023

Rice is supposed to represent the staple food of the greatest number of people in the world and being compara tively a safer and more regular crop than other food-grains, its cultivation is practised on a very wide scale in various countries in the world. According to the estimates published by United States Depart- ment of Agriculture (2) in 1946, the world acreage and production of this crop in 1945-46 came approximately to 197 million acres, and 6,300 million bushels of paddy as against 382 million acres and 5,200 million bushels for wheat. These figures also show that the average world production of clean rice and wheat was of the order of 960 and 816 lbs. per acre respectively.
Results of the experiments carried on m the Hospet Sugar Factory area for improvement of yield.
Authors:   The India Sugars and Reflneries Ltd, M.K BHANDARKAR
Published: November 2023

The recent sugar scarcity and the consequent high price for sugar variously described as the "Sugar Muddle", "Sugar Racket" etc., has brought the sugar industry prominently into public attention and criticism. The main target of criticism has been the high price of Indian sugar compared to sugar produced in other countries. The Industrialists say that it is mainly due to the high price fixed for the cane as the the cane price accounts for nearly 60% of the sugar price and there is no possibility of reducing the sugar price unless the cane price is reduced. The champions of the ryots, however, say that the cane price cannot be reduced without risk of the area under cane being reduced, because of the better return a ryot gets on alternative crops. So the whole question boils down to this, as to, how is it possible to reduce the cane price without reducing the return the ryot gets. There is only one answer to it, to increase the yield per acre and the sugar content of the cane.
A preliminary note on the growth of Jute in Malabar
Authors:   Agricultural Research Station Pattambi, Kerala., P.C SAHADEVAN
Published: November 2023

This note presents a few important observations on the growth of jute at the Agricultural Research Station, Pattambi in Malabar. In India, Bengal is a big centre of jute production. It is cultivated over the fertile area composed of the vast flood plains of the rivers Ganges and Brahmaputra. The soils here are alluvial, rich in potash and lime and are well drained friable loams.
Fodder problem in Madras
Authors:   Government Lecturing, Systematic Botanist Coimbatore 3, S.N CHANDRASEKHARA IYER , D DANIEL SUNDARARAJ ,   Assitant in Botany, Coimbatore  641 003
Published: November 2023

While we are making an all out effort to grow more food and have subsidies for well sinking, grand irrigation projects, an organised supply of manure and seeds, in fact all ways and means that we could muster with all the scientific knowledge at our command to produce enough food for the human population which is certainly a very right thing, have we thought sufficiently of food for the 'Dumb Millions' which form the backbone of our agriculture? Fodder scarcity has been more or less a permanent factor in Madras Presidency. During the last one or two decades the severity has been felt more, due to the diversion of the area under food crops into more paying money crops like tobacco, cotton and sugarcane. To add to this, the continued failures of rainfall have resulted in the drying up of the grasses in the grazing areas thereby producing a most alarming state of affairs. How best can this fodder problem for the cattle be faced and how speedily can we avert a crisis which has almost been reached!
The Intermediate Seasonal Cropping in Godavari Delta
Authors:   Probationary District Agricultural Officer, C HANUMANTHA RAO
Published: November 2023

The total area under paddy in the Godavari delta is 12,49,000 acres. In the double crop areas the first crop "Sarwa" is grown between June to November and the second crop "Dalwa" between February to May. The area alloted to the Dalwa erop is about 30 per cent of the first crop area of which the western delta alone contributes 1,30,000 neres. The water supply in the second crop season (Dalwa) is limited and in years of low rainfall it may run short before the maturity of the erop. Further the alternate wetting and drying caused by the inadequate water supply may tend to make the soil more alkaline due to lack of proper drainage especially, in low lying areas. The second erop was grown only in February since it is the firm conviction and experience of the ryots in the tract that paddies planted in the heavy delta clay in the months of November to January, when the cold easternly wind blow, fail and succeed only when planting is attempted when the southernly wind (pyru-gali) begins. The reasons attributed are, that the maturity of the erop is prolonged and the crop is subjected to insect ravages.
On Wrapping and Propping Sugarcane
Authors:   SuperIntendent Sugarcane Liaison Farm Samalkot, M Sri LAKSHMIKANTAAM
Published: November 2023

A cane crop standing erect yields more cane and sugar per acre than that which is lodged and broke and otherwise damaged. Besides physiological deterioration due to inversion of juices from fallen canes tending to grow again or rooting at nodes, physical destruction due to attack of rats and other rodents, is responsible for reduced yields from lodged crops. In brittle canes, like Co-419 the damage is all the more great. Hence it is in the interests of increased production to prevent lodging of cane crops. Never-the-less precautions, other than mere tying up of clumps are not taken in most countries of the world to keep the cane crop erect. Even this tying up is not a regular practice in all the plantations of all the countries. The seriousness of this problem varies with the locality. Where cyclonic winds are frequent and regular, it is incumbent on the cultivators to take greater precautions. Hence the ryots of the East coast districts, of this province which are subject to cyclonic winds very often, developed two elaborate practices to a fine art for keeping cane crops erect, (Wrapping and proping of cans). It is proposed to present a general account of the methods followed to keep cane crops erect and furnish a review of the results of experiments so far conducted in this province to study the efficacy and economics of these operations in this paper.
Some Experiences with Gammexane (B. H. C.) and D. D. T.(II. The Garlic and onion thrips-Thrips tabaci)
Authors:   Government Entomologist, Coimbatore 641003, S Sri RAMACHANDRAN
Published: November 2023

Garlic is one of the most important spice crops in this Province but its cultivation is restricted to certain parts of Coimbatore, Madura and Bellary districts, probably because of its being able to thrive only under the peculiar envionments prevalent in these tracts. At Bellary only one crop is raiseri from October to January while at Coimbatore there are two seasons, the first one from June to September and the second from November to January. The duration is reported to vary from 2 to 3 months necorrling to the local conditions. The maturity of the crop is indiented by the flowering of the plants and the formation of the small size-bulbs, but a certain amount of experience is necessary to decide the actual stage at which the bulbs are to be lifted. The yield varies from 1,500 to 7,000 lbs., but the average may be taken as somewhere about 4,000 lbs. In spite of the attractive prices the produce fetches, the ryots are only luke-warm about its expansion, more in a spirit of sheer helplessness against the minute insect the thrips which regularly infest the crop year after year, often causing its wholesale ruin, not to speak of one or two fungoid diseases which also levy their toll. D.D.T. and B.H.C. were tested against this insect recently and the following is a short account of the details of the pest and the lines of contorl.
Features of Rice Work in Japan and how they differ from those in India
Authors:   Centre Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006., K RAMIAH , V MOTI  VACHHANI ,   Centre Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006.
Published: November 2023

Rice is the most important single crop in Japan, occupying 7-8 million acres which is 53 per cent of the total annual cultivated area of 15 million acres. The total production of rice is 10-4 million tons giving an average yield of 2,350 lb. (shelled rice) per nere. Due to the importance of rice in the national economy, great attention was given to rice improvement by the Government with the result that during the last 60 years, the area under rice has increased by about 25 per cent while the acre yields during the corresponding period increased by about 70 per cent. Thus the total production increased from 4.9 million tons during 1880 to 10-4 million tons during 1942, i.e. an increase of 113 per cent. It is due to the higher acre yields of rice and other crops that Japan is able to produce about 80 to 85 per cent of its food requirements for its population of 78 millions from the annual cultivated area of 15 million acres. The cultivated land of Japan consists mostly of coastal plains and narrow river valleys extending up into mountains. The diluvium is usually sandy and storile, uplands are leached and soils developed on volcanic parent material consisting of acidic lavas and ash are infertile. Thus the soils are generally poor in natural fertility, and soil fertility is apparently thus not a factor for higher acre yields. The high levels of production have been attained and are maintained mostly by the application of results of research in practical farming.
Herbicides and their Scope in South India
Authors:   Plant Physiologist, Agricultural College Bapalta, L VENKATARATNAM
Published: November 2023

Weeds are undesirable plants. Muenscher (35) has defined weeds as plants which grow where they are not wanted or where it is desired that something else should grow. In short, they are plants out of place. Woods compete with crops for light, moisture, plant food and space. They seed profusely and thrive even under adverse conditions, nulike crop plants. The seriousness of weed competition has been recognised ever since man began the cultivation of crops; but despite rapid advancement of science, weed control still remains a problem. The annual loss due to weeds alone in the United States of America is estimated to be over 300 million dollors, greater than the losses sustained by the farmer due to livestock diseases, insect pests and plant diseases.
Learning chemistry through designing and its effectiveness towards inventive thinking
Authors: Samad Norhaslinda Abdul , Osman Kamisah , Nayan Nazrul Anuar
Published: November 2023

Learning through designing is the latest innovation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics teaching and learning in the 21st century. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of EkSTEMiT module in fostering inventive thinking in the subject of electrochemistry. EkSTEMiT module was tested through a quasi-experimental design method of nonequivalent pre- and post-tests. A total of 63 students from four rural schools were involved in this study. Two schools were included in the treatment group (n=32), and two schools were included in the control group (n=31). The instrument used in this study was Inventive Thinking Questionnaire, which consists of adaptability and complexity management, self-regulation, curiosity, creativity, risk-taking, and higher-order thinking and reasoning subdomains. Analysis of MANOVA repeated measures showed no significant effect for group and time and no significant interaction effect between group and time on the level of students’ inventive thinking. Although EkSTEMiT module does not have a significant impact on the level of inventive thinking, it can have a particular impact on the teaching of innovative instructors and can subsequently increase interest in the subject of chemistry among students.
Semiosis of conceptual learning of mathematical inequalities through semiotic meaning triads
Authors: Durán Salas Fabio
Published: November 2023

The process of semiosis for the conceptual learning of inequalities allows the student to revitalize the interpretation, understanding, and solution of problems both in mathematical contexts and in everyday contexts. This research designed and applied a didactic strategy based on the semiotic theory of semiotic treatments and conversions to develop the semiosis processes of conceptual learning of inequalities through the methodology of the semiotic meaning triad and its three phases applied in class sessions focused on the solution of inequalities, defining the domain and range of functions and interpreting the lipid profile of a person.
Anti-angiogenic and oxidative effects of sodium benzoate at different concentrations in chorioallantoic membrane model
Authors: Dinc Elina , Sozen Mehmet Enes , Savas Hasan Basri
Published: November 2023

Aim: Due to the increased consumption of packaged foods, exposure to food additives is also increasing. Sodium benzoate (SB), a frequently used food additive, is generally used in alcoholic beverages, fruit, and vegetable juices, carbonated soft drinks, canned food, and various sauces. It is used to inhibit the formation of mold, yeast, and bacteria. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of SB exposure on angiogenesis and oxidant-antioxidant balance.

Materials & methods: Three different concentrations of SB, bevacizumab, and empty pellets were prepared, placed on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), and examined for anti-angiogenesis. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant capacity (TOC) measurements were made in the albumen samples, and oxidative stress index (OSI) value was calculated.

Results: The control group had no anti-angiogenic effect, but the bevacizumab group had a strong anti-angiogenic effect.10-3 M SB had a weak anti-angiogenic effect, but 10-4 M SB and 10-5 M SB showed no anti-angiogenic effect. TOC levels increased with SB in a dose-dependent manner. TAC levels decreased depending on the dose in the experimental groups with SB application. OSI levels increased depending on the dose increase in SB.

Conclusions: SB exposure caused a dose-dependent increase in oxidative stress and anti-angiogenic effect in CAM model.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SOME BACTERIA FROM COW'S MILK IN NORTHERN IRAQ
Authors: Fattah Omar Abdul-Karim
Published: November 2023

A total of 190 bacterial strains were isolated from both apparently healthy cows and those suffering from mastitis. The isolates were identified and classified according to their cultural, morphological, and biochemical characteristics. Staph. aureus was dominant bacterium (44.2%), being followed by E.coli (21%), P. aeruginosa (11.5%), and Strept.agalactiae (7.4)%. The Staph. aureus strains were studied most intensively, during the course of the investigation. The toxic properties of the strains were compared with other physiological properties and with their susceptibility to antibiotics. Resistance to antibiotics was slightly more widespread among the toxigenic than the nontoxigenic strains as indicated by the in vitro sensitivity test.
THE WEIGHT OF THE BURSA OF FABRICIOUS IN SELECTED CHICKENS DEPENDING ON RESISTANCE OR SENSITIVITY TO STRESS
Authors: H. Z. AL-SAM
Published: November 2023

Mean body weight and body temperature of chickens selected from known parents of groups (sensitive and resistant to stress) were measured weekly. No significant difference was found. Weight of the bursa of Fabricious was significant at week 15.
CLINICAL SURVEY ON EQUINE LAMENSS IN THE PROVINCE OF MOSUL, MOSUL,
Authors: T. Abass B. , J. Eesa M. , J. Amin A.
Published: November 2023

During the 100 yaers (358) horses were examined for detection of lameness. The result of detailed investigation reveiled that (91) and (45) horses with fore and hind limb lameness respectively. Lameness were found to be originated from the fore limb were included shoulder, elbow, radius, carpal, metacarpal, fetlock, phalanx and hoof regions at (0.7%), (5.1%), (2.9%), (12.5%), (15.6%), (9.6), (7.3%) and (13.9%) respectively. While the hind limb lameness were included in thigh, stiffle, tibial. tarsal, metatarsal, fetlock, phalanx and hoof regions at (0.7%), (2.9%), (0.7%), (8%), (8.8%), (1.4%), and (3.3%), respectively.
HYDROPERICARDIUM IN BROILER CHICKENS IN IRAQ: ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE CAUSATIVE VIRUS
Authors: M.Odisho Shoney , Al-Bana Anions , KH.Majeed Amjad
Published: November 2023

An adenovirus was successfully isolated from infected liver, spleen and pericardial fluid from infected broiler chicks in primary cell cultures prepared from chicken embryo liver and kidneys. The isolated virus induced cytopathogenic effect (CPE) in infected cell cultures which consisted of cell granulation, aggregation and rounding of infectedd cells. An adenovirus like morphology was identified by Electron microscope examination. In addition the isolated virus was diagnosed, by agar gel diffusion test (AGD). Indirect immune fluorescenct test (IFA) and serum neutralization (SN). Using reference hyperimmune serum and sera from recovered chicks
Phenolic compound and total antioxidant contents of seed extracts from 5 varieties of Vigna subterranea from Chad
Authors: Abel MBAIOGAOU  , Michel NAITORMBAIDE  , Bery Leouro MBAIOSSOUM  , Severin MBAIHOUGADOBE  , Salomon Madjitoloum BETOLOUM
Published: November 2023

Vigna Subterranea is a plant whose seeds are widely consumed in Chad. Five seed varieties from the Chadian Institute of Agronomic Research for Development (CIARD) in, Chad. Total polyphenol and total anthocyanin contents were assessed by the Folin-Ciocalteu and pH-differential methods respectively. Total antioxidant levels were determined by DPPH and ABTS. The total polyphenol contents obtained were 11.647 mg GAE/g for B12 seed extract, 8.234 mg GAE/g for B16 seed extract, 0.98450 mg GAE/g for B9 seed extract, 1.625 mg GAE/g for B7 seed extract and 0.230 mg GAE/g for B3 seed extract. The total anthocyanin content of these extracts were 0.0100 mg/g, 0.0098 mg/g, 0.0063 mg/g, 0.0026 mg/g and 0.0013 mg/g for B16, B7, B12, B9 and B3 respectively for the five varieties. Results for antioxidant potency showed that the B12 seed extract contains most total antioxidants. Followed by seed extracts from varieties B16, B7 and B9 varieties. Seed extract from variety B3 contains less antioxidants.