bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Hypofractionated Chemoradiotherapy in Elderly Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Kim Jae Seung , Lee Jaram , Park Hyeung-min , Lee Soo Young , Kim Chang Hyun , Kim Hyeong Rok
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The application of long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCRT) in elderly patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) can be challenging due to increased risks of complications associated with comorbidities and reduced functional status. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of neoadjuvant hypofractionated chemoradiotherapy (HCRT) in elderly patients with mid-to-low LARC. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with LARC from January 2013 to December 2020 and included those aged 70 years or older. Patients were categorized into three groups based on their treatment strategies: neoadjuvant HCRT (33 or 35 Gy in 10 fractions), neoadjuvant LCRT, and upfront surgery. Comparative analyses were performed on clinicopathological characteristics, short-term outcomes, and long-term survival outcomes among these groups. Results: Among the 296 patients included, 30 (10.1%) received HCRT, 195 (65.9%) underwent standard LCRT, and 71 (24.0%) underwent upfront surgery. The baseline characteristics showed that the HCRT group had a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (ASA score 3 or 4, HCRT 43.3% vs. LCRT 16.9% vs. upfront surgery 15.5%, p = 0.002). The HCRT group showed a significantly lower incidence of radiotherapy-related complications than the LCRT group (16.7% vs. 48.7%, p = 0.001). However, the rate of pathological complete response was significantly lower in the HCRT group (10.0% vs. 15.4%, p = 0.002). The 3-year relapse-free survival (83.0% vs. 77.2% vs. 83.2%; p = 0.411), 3-year local recurrence-free survival (93.1% vs. 93.2% vs. 93.5%; p = 0.464), and 5-year overall survival (65.1% vs. 67.0% vs. 67.7%; p = 0.682) were not significantly different between the three groups. Multivariate analysis also showed that the treatment strategy was not associated with survival outcomes. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant HCRT demonstrated reduced radiotherapy-related complications and acceptable long-term oncologic outcomes. Therefore, neoadjuvant HCRT may be considered as a viable alternative for elderly patients with LARC.
Mixed T-Cell Chimerism Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Non-Malignant Disorders Is Common, Facilitates Anti-Viral Immunity, and Is Not Associated with Graft Failure in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Nadaf Rubiya , Lee Helena , Bonney Denise , Hanasoge-Nataraj Ramya , Senthil Srividhya , Horgan Claire , Guiver Malcolm , Poulton Kay , Wynn Robert
Published: December 2024

Myeloid chimerism better reflects donor stem cell engraftment than whole-blood chimerism in assessing graft function following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT). We describe our experience with 130 patients aged younger than 18 years, treated with allogeneic HCT using bone marrow or PBSC from HLA-matched donors for non-malignant diseases, whose pre-transplant conditioning therapy included alemtuzumab and who were monitored with lineage-specific chimerism after transplant. At 6 years post-transplant, overall survival (OS) was 91.1% and event-free survival (EFS) was 81.5%, with no grade III-IV acute GvHD or chronic GVHD observed. Recipient T-cells did not contribute to graft loss. Mixed T-cell chimerism (MC) did not affect EFS, and there was no connection between T-cell chimerism and myeloid chimerism in patients with MC or graft loss. MC significantly correlated with virus infection; more children with MC were CMV seropositive than those with complete chimerism (CC). Additionally, MC was more common in patients with CMV viramia post-transplant. CD8 T-cell reconstitution was affected by viral reactivation, including CMV, with CD8 T-cell counts higher in the MC group than in the CC group. Mixed T-cell chimerism is due to autologous, virus-specific, predominantly CD8, T-cell expansion, and is protective and not deleterious to the recipient.
Mechanisms and Countermeasures for Muscle Atrophy in Microgravity
Authors: Liu Yizhou , Cao Xiaojian , Zhou Qiuzhi , Deng Chunchu , Yang Yujie , Huang Danxia , Luo Hongmei , Zhang Song , Li Yajie , Xu Jia , Chen Hong
Published: December 2024

Previous studies have revealed that muscle atrophy emerges as a significant challenge faced by astronauts during prolonged missions in space. A loss in muscle mass results in a weakening of skeletal muscle strength and function, which will not only contribute to a decline in overall physical performance but also elevate the risk of various age-related diseases. Skeletal muscle atrophy in the microgravity environment is thought to be associated with changes in energy metabolism, protein metabolism, calcium ion homeostasis, myostatin levels, and apoptosis. Modulating some pathways could be a promising approach to mitigating muscle atrophy in the microgravity environment. This review serves as a comprehensive summary of research on the impact of microgravity on skeletal muscle, with the aim of providing insights into its pathogenesis and the development of effective treatments.
Insulin Sensitivity Controls Activity of Pathogenic CD4+ T Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Erlandsson Malin C. , Malmhäll-Bah Eric , Chandrasekaran Venkataragavan , Andersson Karin M. E. , Nilsson Lisa M. , Töyrä Silfverswärd Sofia , Pullerits Rille , Bokarewa Maria I.
Published: December 2024

Hyperinsulinemia connects obesity, and a poor lipid profile, with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we investigated consequences of insulin exposure for T cell function in the canonical autoimmunity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We observed that insulin levels correlated with the glycolytic index of CD4+ cells but suppressed transcription of insulin receptor substrates, which was inversely related to insulin sensitivity. This connection between insulin levels and the glycolytic index was not seen in CD4+ cells of healthy controls. Exposure of CD4+ cells to insulin induced a senescent state recognized by cell cycle arrest and DNA content enrichment measured by flow cytometry. It also resulted in accumulation of DNA damage marker γH2AX. Insulin suppressed IFNγ production and induced the senescence-associated secretome in CD4+ cell cultures and in patients with hyperinsulinemia. Inhibition of JAK-STAT signaling (JAKi) improved insulin signaling, which activated the glycolytic index and facilitated senescence in CD4+ cell cultures. Treatment with JAKi was associated with an abundance of naïve and recent thymic emigrant T cells in the circulation of RA patients. Thus, we concluded that insulin exerts immunosuppressive ability by inducing senescence and inhibiting IFNγ production in CD4+ cells. JAKi promotes insulin effects and supports elimination of the pathogenic CD4+ cell in RA patients.
Unveiling GATA3 Signaling Pathways in Health and Disease: Mechanisms, Implications, and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Bacha Rim , Alwisi Nouran , Ismail Rana , Pedersen Shona , Al-Mansoori Layla
Published: December 2024

GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), a member of the GATA family transcription factors, is a key player in various physiological and pathological conditions. It is known for its ability to bind to the DNA sequence “GATA”, which enables its key role in critical processes in multiple tissues and organs including the immune system, endocrine system, and nervous system. GATA3 also modulates cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis via controlling gene expression. In physiological instances, GATA3 is crucial for maintaining immunological homeostasis by mediating the development of naïve T cells into T helper 2 (Th2). In addition, GATA3 has been demonstrated to play a variety of cellular roles in the growth and maintenance of mammary gland, neuronal, and renal tissues. Conversely, the presence of impaired GATA3 is associated with a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. Additionally, the altered expression of GATA3 contributes to the worsening of disease progression in hematological malignancies, such as T-cell lymphomas. Therefore, this review explores the multifaceted roles and signaling pathways of GATA3 in health and disease, with a particular emphasis on its potential as a therapeutic and prognostic target for the effective management of diseases.
Correction: Danek, P.J.; Daniel, W.A. Long-Term Treatment with Atypical Antipsychotic Iloperidone Modulates Cytochrome P450 2D (CYP2D) Expression and Activity in the Liver and Brain via Different Mechanisms. Cells 2021, 10, 3472
Authors: Danek Przemysław J. , Daniel Władysława A.
Published: December 2024

Text Correction [...]
Harnessing Arsenic Derivatives and Natural Agents for Enhanced Glioblastoma Therapy
Authors: Yuan Bo , Kikuchi Hidetomo
Published: December 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal intracranial tumor in adults. Despite advances in the understanding of the molecular events responsible for disease development and progression, survival rates and mortality statistics for GBM patients have been virtually unchanged for decades and chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat GBM are limited. Arsenic derivatives, known as highly effective anticancer agents for leukemia therapy, has been demonstrated to exhibit cytocidal effects toward GBM cells by inducing cell death, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of migration/invasion, and angiogenesis. Differentiation induction of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) and inhibition of neurosphere formation have also been attributed to the cytotoxicity of arsenic derivatives. Intriguingly, similar cytotoxic effects against GBM cells and GSCs have also been observed in natural agents such as anthocyanidins, tetrandrine, and bufadienolides. In the current review, we highlight the available data on the molecular mechanisms underlying the multifaceted anticancer activity of arsenic compounds and natural agents against cancer cells, especially focusing on GBM cells and GCSs. We also outline possible strategies for developing anticancer therapy by combining natural agents and arsenic compounds, as well as temozolomide, an alkylating agent used to treat GBM, in terms of improvement of chemotherapy sensitivity and minimization of side effects.
Origami-Inspired Biosensors: Exploring Diverse Applications and Techniques for Shape-Changing Sensor Platforms
Authors: Patil Shikha , Suleman Shariq , Anzar Nigar , Narang Jagriti , Pilloton Roberto , Timur Suna , Guler Celik Emine , Pundir Chandra S. , Shukla Sudheesh K.
Published: December 2024

Biosensors are widely used across industries such as healthcare, food safety, and environmental monitoring, offering high stability and sensitivity compared to conventional methods. Recently, origami—the art of folding 2D structures into 3D forms—has emerged as a valuable approach in biosensor development, enabling the creation of shape-changing devices. These origami-based biosensors are particularly useful in precision medicine, rapid diagnostics, and resource-limited settings, offering affordable, highly precise, and portable solutions with diverse applications. Paper and biological substrates like DNA have been integrated with origami techniques to develop biosensors with enhanced functionality. The incorporation of aptamer origami into both paper and DNA biosensors further increases sensitivity and specificity for target detection. The concept of paper-based origami biosensors originated from using paper as a platform for biological assays, leading to significant advancements in design and functionality. These devices employ folding techniques to create channels and wells for manipulating samples and detecting target molecules through reactions with specific reagents. Similarly, DNA origami, introduced in 2006, has revolutionized biosensors by enabling the creation of precise molecular systems with tunable properties. Paper-based and DNA origami biosensors have immense potential to transform biosensing technologies in healthcare, food safety, and environmental monitoring. This review explores diverse origami-based biosensor techniques and their applications, including the role of aptamer origami in paper and DNA biosensors.
Electrochemical Detection of Microplastics in Water Using Ultramicroelectrodes
Authors: Lee Changhui , Han Sangwon , Park Jun Hui
Published: December 2024

Herein, a method for detecting microplastics in water using single-entity electrochemistry is presented, with a focus on the interaction between microplastics in aqueous solution and the surface of an ultramicroelectrode (UME). Polystyrene and polypropylene, two commonly used plastics that were ground and dispersed in aqueous solution, served as the detection target materials. The collisional contact of microplastics with the UME was transduced into a discernible signal. To detect microplastics in solution using an UME, redox species (e.g., ferrocyanide) were continuously oxidized at the electrode, and the resulting steady-state current was monitored. Collisional contact followed by adsorption of microplastics on the UME disturbed the diffusional flux of redox species, resulting in an immediate change in the steady-state current. Detection sensitivity was further enhanced by optimizing the electrolyte composition to induce a migration effect. COMSOL Multiphysics simulations were employed to analyze the magnitude of the current changes as a function of microplastic size. The size distribution obtained from the simulations closely matched measurements from dynamic light scattering (DLS).
Game-Based Digital Interventions for Enhancing Positive Development and Addressing Substance Use in Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Serim , Kim Jinyung , Bockhold Sarah , Lee Jimin , Chun JongSerl , Yu Mansoo
Published: December 2024

This study systematically reviewed research on the use of digital game approaches for the prevention, assessment, and treatment of substance use and positive development in adolescents. Background/Objectives: This study aimed to identify and summarize gaps in the published literature on game-based digital interventions for substance use and positive development for adolescents through a systematic review. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, 26 studies were selected for final analysis from an initial screening of 1601 references. Data were coded for multiple components, including study characteristics, intervention types, intervention contents, sample characteristics, substance use, positive development details, measurement tools, and main findings, particularly emphasizing the effectiveness of game-based digital interventions and the facilitators and barriers affecting program effectiveness. Results: Regarding substance use, 50% of studies reported game-based digital interventions as effective in reducing substance use, 16.7% as partially effective, and 33.3% as not effective. For attitudes toward substance use, 65.0% demonstrated statistical effectiveness, 25.0% indicated partial effectiveness, and 10% found no significance. Among studies that included a positive development component, 35.7% were effective, 50% were partially effective, and 14.3% were not effective. Very few studies have explored the facilitators and barriers to program effectiveness without statistical verification. Conclusions: This study offers valuable insights into the development and validation of game-based digital interventions, thereby establishing a robust foundation for their efficacy.
Kindness Is the Language That the Deaf Can Hear and the Blind Can See: Kindness, Theory of Mind and Well-Being in Adolescents
Authors: Stamp Poppy , Bosacki Sandra , Talwar Victoria
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: This mixed-methods, cross-sectional study explored adolescent understandings of kindness, and interconnections amongst Theory of Mind (ToM; ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others), kindness, compassion, and social-psychological well-being components in 318 participants aged 10–18 (Mage = 14.58, SD = 2.31). Methods: Participants completed a battery of self-report measures and wrote responses to open-ended questions about kindness in different relational and situational contexts. Results: Most adolescents gave other-oriented, psychological definitions of kindness, increasing in detail with age. Content analysis revealed main themes of helping, followed by proactive support and respect, and differed according to the identity of the recipient (stranger, self, others), and situational context (home, school). Results showed significant positive correlations between perceptions of kindness and social (but not psychological) well-being, with gender and age differences. High levels of ToM related to high levels of perceived compassion and kindness for others, and the relations strengthened with age. Conclusions: The results highlight implications for future research on adolescents’ perceptions of prosociality, and kindness-based mental health interventions that promote social cognition and prosocial acts.
On the Road to Safety: Examining Children’s Cycling Skills and Physical Activity Levels
Authors: Stark Juliane , Meschik Michael
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Studies indicate a decline in children’s physical activity (PA) levels, active mobility, and psychomotor skills, reflected in poorer cycling abilities. These trends are worrying given the rising prevalence of childhood obesity and sedentary lifestyles. This study assessed cycling skills among primary school children in Lower Austria, comparing self-perceptions with objective assessments, and explores the relationship between cycling skills, PA levels, and school performance, as well as the impact of cycling training on skill development. Methods: A multi-level approach was employed, including cycling tests and interviews with children, parents, and teachers. Children’s cycling skills were evaluated through objective assessments, while parents and children provided self-assessments. Interviews explored children’s preferences, physical activity and travel habits, and school performance. Results: Overall, the children’s cycling skills were rated as good, though turning left, slalom, and emergency braking proved particularly challenging. Significant discrepancies were identified between objective assessments and self-perceptions, with many children—especially girls—overestimating their abilities. Despite some tendencies, no significant associations were found between PA levels or school performance and cycling skills. However, cycling training was significantly associated with improvements in cycling skills. Conclusions: In light of children’s strong preference for incorporating more cycling into their daily travel patterns, the findings underscore the importance of policies promoting safer school environments and encouraging parental support for cycling. More targeted cycling training programs are needed to further enhance children’s skills. It is also important to address the tendency of parents to overestimate their children’s cycling abilities. These measures could help foster greater use of bicycles for school commutes and improve children’s cycling competence and overall health outcomes.
Neurodevelopmental Effects of Propranolol Treatment During Infancy in Infantile Hemangioma Patients
Authors: Baykan Cenk , Mete Çiftseven Melike , Keskindemirci Gonca , Özbörü Aşkan Öykü , Kayı Alev Bakır , Karaman Serap , Ünüvar Ayşegül , Tuğcu Deniz , Gokcay Emine Gulbin , Arslan Merve , Karakaş Zeynep , Tanyıldız Hikmet Gülşah
Published: December 2024

Introduction and Aim: Propranolol is an effective treatment option for infantile hemangiomas, but there is still insufficient information about neurodevelopmental side effects of propranolol. In our study, the neurodevelopmental levels of infantile hemangioma patients receiving propranolol treatment were examined using the Bayley-III test. Method: In our single-center, cross-sectional study, patients were recruited between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2023. In total, 40 children (n1) diagnosed with hemangioma who received propranolol treatment and 31 children (n2) who were only under observation were included. A control group of 31 healthy children (n3) matched for age and gender was also included. The demographic, clinical, perinatal, and postnatal characteristics of the total 102 children were recorded from their medical records. Neurodevelopmental levels were assessed with the Bayley-III test. The significance level was set at (p < 0.05). Results: The Bayley-III test composite and percentile scores were used to evaluate the neurodevelopmental levels. Significant differences in motor functions were found between the treated and untreated groups compared to the healthy control group (p = 0.006 and p = 0.006). However, no significant differences were found in cognitive, language, and social-emotional skills. Cognitive, language, and motor functions were associated with maternal education level, and additionally, cognitive functions were also associated with paternal education level. Conclusions: Propranolol has a relatively safer side effect profile, and therefore, it has been described as a safe agent. In our study, no significant effect of propranolol on neurodevelopment was observed. The difference in motor skills shown was mainly between the healthy control group (n3) and the treated and untreated group (n1 and n2), which led to the conclusion that the relevant difference could be due to factors other than propranolol itself.
The Association Between In Utero Exposure to Painkillers and Trajectories of Hyperactivity and Emotional Problems in Children with Autism Compared with Neurotypical Peers
Authors: Lin Ping-I. , Khin Kyi Shinn , John James R. , Walker Adam K. , Chen Yi-Chia , Nayeem Nawar , Messias Erick
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: In utero exposure to painkillers has raised concerns regarding its potential impact on neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study investigates the association between in utero exposure to painkillers and trajectories of hyperactivity and emotional problems in children with and without ASD, separately. Methods: Data were drawn from 5107 participants enrolled in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Emotional and behavioral problems were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at ages 4, 6, and 8 years. ASD diagnosis was determined based on parental self-report by age 12. To examine the association between the exposure and the outcomes, mixed linear models were applied to assess the impact of in utero exposure to painkillers on hyperactivity and emotional problems, controlling for sex, time, and other perinatal risk factors. The interaction term between exposure and time was included to evaluate the effect of exposure on the trajectory over time. Results: In utero exposure to painkillers did not significantly affect hyperactivity or emotional problem trajectories in children with ASD. However, in non-ASD children, painkiller exposure was associated with worsening emotional problems by age 8, with males being affected to a greater extent than females. Further, emotional problem scores increased over time by gender, reflecting developmental challenges in early childhood. Conclusions: These findings indicate that prenatal painkiller exposure is unlikely to be a major determinant of the severity of neurodevelopmental outcomes in autistic children, but its role in neurodevelopmental outcomes among neurotypical children warrants further investigation. Future research should prioritize precise exposure assessments and integrate multi-environment interactions to further elucidate the long-term impacts of prenatal painkiller use.
A Potential Link Between Outcome of Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, Cervical Adenitis (PFAPA) Syndrome in Children and Breastfeeding: A Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Snapshot
Authors: Rigante Donato , Candelli Marcello
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis syndrome, often referred to as PFAPA syndrome, may enigmatically recur for an undetermined time in affected children: a potential reason to explain its recurring pattern for an unpredictable period or its self-limitation is currently unknown. We explored the relationship between different general, demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of PFAPA children and disease evolution over the course of a decade. Methods: We have retrospectively screened 150 Italian children with a history of PFAPA syndrome attending the Outpatients Clinic of Pediatric Rheumatology in our Institution during the period 2014–2024, all without any recognized chronic diseases: 88 males, 62 females, mean age at onset of 2.5 ± 1.7 years, age range of 0.3–9.4 years, and mean age at diagnosis of 4.5 ± 2.0 years. The whole cohort of PFAPA patients had been followed up for a median period of 5 years (IQR: 4–7). Results and Conclusions: After dividing patients into two groups based on either the disappearance or persistence of PFAPA symptoms during follow-up, we found that positive family history of recurring fevers, cervical lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, myalgia, and breastfeeding for more than 6 months were associated with the disappearance of febrile attacks for at least six months. Performing a multivariate analysis adjusted for sex and age, we found that only breastfeeding duration longer than 6 months and higher education level of PFAPA patients’ mothers were independently associated with the resolution of PFAPA symptoms.
The Influence of Induction Hardening, Nitriding and Boronising on the Mechanical Properties of Conventional and Sintered Steels
Authors: Nový František , Harvanec Jakub , Mičian Miloš
Published: December 2024

Heat treatment technology changes all the mechanical properties of metallic materials. The influence of induction hardening, nitriding and boronising on the change in the microhardness, impact toughness, microstructure and coefficient of friction of conventional steels 42CrMo4 and 32CrMo12 has been examined and compared with results obtained in the sintered steels with an increased content of Cu, which were prepared using powder metallurgy technology. Widely used treatments for the examined materials include induction hardening and gas nitriding. This study focuses on comparing those technologies with alternative technologies of boronising. It was found that for powder metallurgy materials, boronising is a much more suitable process than nitriding because after the application of nitriding, the impact toughness dropped to one third of the impact toughness of the base material, while after boronising, the impact toughness remained unchanged. Through boronising, it was possible to achieve the unique possibility of improving the mechanical properties of sintered PM Fe-Cu-C steels and fully replacing the currently used nitriding process. Furthermore, compared to nitriding, it also increases the hardness of the surface layer many times to improve the friction properties and significantly increases the impact toughness.
The Addition of MoO3 or SiO2 Nano-/Microfillers Thermally Stabilized and Mechanically Reinforce the PVDF-HFP/PVP Polymer Composite Thin Films
Authors: Gradišar Centa Urška , Pogačnik Krajnc Anja , Slemenik Perše Lidija , Šobak Matic , Mihelčič Mohor
Published: December 2024

The properties of thin polymer films are influenced by the size of the fillers, their morphology, the surface properties and their distribution/interaction in the polymer matrix. In this work, thin polymer composite films with MoO3 or SiO2 nano and micro fillers in PVDF-HFP/PVP polymer matrix were successfully fabricated using the solvent casting method. The effects of different types, sizes and morphologies of the inorganic fillers on the crystallization of the PVDF-HFP polymer were investigated, as well as the effects on the thermal and mechanical properties of the composites. Scanning electron microscopy, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, nanoindentation and uniaxial mechanical tests were used for characterization. The results showed that MoO3 nanowires thermally stabilized the polymer matrix, induced crystallization of the PVDF-HFP polymer in all three polymorphs (α-, β-, γ-phase) and formed a geometrical network in the polymer matrix, resulting in the highest elastic moduli, hardness and Young’s modulus.
The Modelling of Light Absorption and Reflection in a SiOx/Si Structure with Al Nanoparticles for Solar Cells
Authors: Kaupužs Jevgenijs , Medvids Arturs , Onufrijevs Pavels , Fedorenko Leonid , Evtukh Anatoliy
Published: December 2024

In this study, the light propagation in a structure consisting of SiOx on Si substrate with Al nanoparticles regularly placed in the SiOx layer is considered. Numerical modelling is performed by solving the Maxwell equations for the electromagnetic waves. In distinction from the well-known finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation technique, we do not solve time-dependent wave equations here; rather, we propose a new numerical technique. This technique allows us to determine the stationary amplitudes of the electromagnetic oscillations directly from the linear algebraic equation system. The obtained results apply to silicon solar cells with an SiOx + Al top layer to maximise their efficiency. We found that 26 nm and 39 nm diameters of spherical Al nanoparticles are nearly optimal for a λ = 435.8 nm wavelength of the incident light. In addition, we evaluated the (nearly) optimal parameters of their placement in the SiOx layer. The results show the possibility of increasing the efficiency of solar cells by increasing the light absorption inside the active Si layer from ≈60% to ≈80%. Future perspectives on the proposed method and its possible applications are discussed.
Analyses of the Properties of the NiO-Doped Ga2O3 Wide-Bandgap Semiconductor Thin Films
Authors: Yang Cheng-Fu , Tsao En-Chi , Wang Yi-Wen , Lin Hsin-Pei , Meen Teen-Hang , Liao Shu-Han
Published: December 2024

The study began by pre-sintering Ga2O3 powder at 950 °C for 1 h, followed by the preparation of a mixture of Ga2O3 and 12 at% NiO powders to fabricate a source target material. An electron beam (e-beam) system was then used to deposit NiO-doped Ga2O3 thin films on Si substrates. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed that the pre-sintered Ga2O3 at 950 °C exhibited β-phase characteristics, and the deposited NiO-doped Ga2O3 thin films exhibited an amorphous phase. After the deposition of the NiO-doped Ga2O3 thin films, they were divided into two portions. One portion underwent various analyses directly, while the other was annealed at 500 °C in air before being analyzed. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was utilized to process the surface observation, and the cross-sectional observation was primarily used to measure the thickness of the NiO-doped Ga2O3 thin films. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to calculate the bandgap by analyzing the transmission spectra, while the Agilent B1500A was employed to measure the I-V characteristics. Hall measurements were also performed to assess the mobility, carrier concentration, and resistivity of both NiO-doped Ga2O3 thin films. The first innovation is that the 500 °C-annealed NiO-doped Ga2O3 thin films exhibited a larger bandgap and better electrical conductivity. The manuscript provides an explanation for the observed increase in the bandgap. Another important innovation is that the 500 °C-annealed NiO-doped Ga2O3 thin films revealed a high-energy bandgap of 4.402 eV. The third innovation is that X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses of the Ga2p3/2, Ga2p1/2, Ga3d, Ni2p3/2, and O1s peaks were conducted to further investigate the reasons behind the enhanced electrical conductivity of the 500 °C-annealed NiO-doped Ga2O3 thin films.
Development of Blockchain Technology in Financial Accounting
Authors: Prokopenko Olha , Koldovskiy Artem , Khalilova Marina , Orazbayeva Aigul , Machado José
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the transformative potential of blockchain technology in financial accounting by examining its applications, challenges, and implications. The study begins with a review of blockchain’s origins and its ability to address inefficiencies, fraud risks, and transparency limitations in traditional accounting. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative thematic analysis and quantitative statistical techniques. The qualitative analysis involved thematic coding of data from case studies and organizational reports, while the quantitative analysis assessed financial data using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Eight organizations from diverse industries—including banking, retail, and technology—were purposively sampled to capture varied experiences and applications of blockchain technology. Key findings reveal blockchain’s ability to enhance transparency, efficiency, and security in financial transactions, offering significant advantages for financial reporting and auditing. However, challenges such as regulatory uncertainties, scalability concerns, and technical complexities remain barriers to its widespread adoption. This research provides actionable recommendations to overcome these challenges and maximize blockchain’s benefits in financial accounting. By integrating theoretical insights with empirical evidence, this study contributes to advancing the understanding of blockchain’s role in transforming financial practices, offering practical guidance for academia and industry practitioners alike.
Dye Laser Applications in Cosmetic Dermatology: Efficacy and Safety in Treating Vascular Lesions and Scars
Authors: Clementi Alessandro , Cannarozzo Giovanni , Amato Simone , Zappia Elena , Bennardo Luigi , Michelini Simone , Morini Cristiano , Sannino Mario , Longo Caterina , Nistico Steven Paul
Published: December 2024

Cosmetic dermatology increasingly utilizes laser technologies to address various aesthetic concerns. This study evaluates the efficacy of the flash-lamp pulsed-dye laser (FPDL) in treating vascular and scar-related conditions. A cohort of 71 patients with diverse vascular lesions, including facial telangiectasia, port-wine stains (PWSs), striae rubrae, erythematous acne scars, facial traumatic scars, and keloids, was treated using the FPDL (Synchro Vas-Q, Deka MELA). Treatment protocols varied based on lesion type, with sessions ranging from one to eight at intervals of four to eight weeks. Clinical outcomes were assessed using a four-point grading scale and patient satisfaction surveys. Results indicated that 70.4% of patients achieved excellent clearance of lesions, while 16.9% and 9.9% showed moderate-good and slight clearance, respectively. Minimal or no improvement was observed in 2.8% of cases. High patient satisfaction was reported, correlating with effective lesion reduction and manageable side effects, primarily post-operative purpura. The study underscores FPDL’s selective efficacy for hemoglobin-rich lesions and its safety profile, advocating for its continued use in cosmetic dermatological practices. These findings contribute to the growing evidence supporting laser therapy as a pivotal tool in aesthetic medicine, emphasizing the importance of tailored treatment protocols and patient education for optimal outcomes.
Rapid Assessment of Stable Crystal Structures in Single-Phase High-Entropy Alloys via Graph Neural Network-Based Surrogate Modelling
Authors: Beaver Nicholas , Dive Aniruddha , Wong Marina , Shimanuki Keita , Patil Ananya , Ferrell Anthony , Kivy Mohsen B.
Published: December 2024

To develop a rapid, reliable, and cost-effective method for predicting the structure of single-phase high-entropy alloys, a Graph Neural Network (ALIGNN-FF)-based approach was introduced. This method was successfully tested on 132 different high-entropy alloys, and the results were analyzed and compared with density functional theory and valence electron concentration calculations. Additionally, the effects of various factors on prediction accuracy, including lattice parameters and the number of supercells with unique atomic configurations, were investigated. The ALIGNN-FF-based approach was subsequently used to predict the structure of a novel cobalt-free 3d high-entropy alloy, and the result was experimentally verified.
Simultaneous Improvement in Dissolution Behavior and Oral Bioavailability of Naproxen via Salt Formation
Authors: Zhang Xian-Rui , Wu Bao-Lin , Han Jing-Jing , Li Jin-Qing
Published: December 2024

Naproxen (NAP) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that belongs to the arylpropionic acid class. Classified as a Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II drug, NAP exhibits low water solubility, thus resulting in restricted oral bioavailability. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmaceutical salts in enhancing the solubility and oral bioavailability of NAP. Two novel NAP salts, specifically naproxen-ethylenediamine (NAP-EDA) and naproxen-trometamol (NAP-TRIS), were synthesized using a 2:1 and 1:1 stoichiometric ratio, respectively. The NAP-EDA and NAP-TRIS powders were thoroughly characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), providing a comprehensive understanding of their structural and thermal properties. Additionally, the solubilities and dissolution rates of NAP-EDA and NAP-TRIS salts were assessed in water and a pH 6.86 phosphate buffer. Notably, the solubility of NAP-TRIS salt increased markedly, by 397.5-fold in water and 6.2-fold at pH 6.86. Furthermore, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rats revealed that NAP-TRIS salt displayed faster absorption and higher peak blood concentrations compared to NAP. These results indicate that the NAP-TRIS salt effectively enhanced the solubility and oral bioavailability of naproxen. In conclusion, this study underscores the potential of pharmaceutical salts, particularly NAP-TRIS, in improving the solubility and oral bioavailability of drugs with low aqueous solubility, presenting a promising avenue for advancing drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes.
Synthesis, Crystallographic Structure, Stability, and HSA-Binding Affinity of a Novel Copper(II) Complex with Pyridoxal-Semicarbazone Ligand
Authors: Jevtovic Violeta , Rakić Aleksandra , Živković Jelena M. , Alrashidi Aljazi Abdullah , Alreshidi Maha Awjan , Alzahrani Elham A. , Alshammari Odeh A. O. , Rajeh Sahar Y. , Hussien Mostafa A. , Dimić Dušan
Published: December 2024

Copper–semicarbazone ligands have been extensively investigated for several medicinal applications. In this contribution, a novel copper(II) complex with a pyridoxal–semicarbazone ligand, [Cu(PLSC)Cl(H2O)](NO3)(H2O), was synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography, elemental analysis, UV-VIS, and FTIR spectroscopies. The stabilization interactions within the structure were assessed using the Hirshfeld surface analysis. The crystallographic structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)(H,C,N,O)/LanL2DZ(Cu) level of theory. A comparison between the experimental and theoretical bond lengths and angles was undertaken to verify the applicability of the selected level of theory. The obtained high correlation coefficients and low mean absolute errors confirmed that the optimized structure is suitable for further investigating the interactions between donor atoms and copper, along with the interactions between species in a neutral complex, using the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules approach. The electrostatic potential surface map was used to reveal distinct charge distributions. The experimental and calculated FTIR spectra were compared, and the most prominent bands were assigned. The interactions with human serum albumin (HSA) were assessed by spectrofluorometric titration. The spontaneity of the process was proven, and the thermodynamic parameters of binding were calculated. Molecular docking analysis identified the most probable binding site, providing additional insight into the nature of the interactions.
Clinical Versus Pathological Staging in Patients with Resected Ground Glass Pulmonary Lesions
Authors: Faber Dan Levy , Agbarya Abed , Lee Andrew , Tsenter Yael , Schneer Sonia , Robitsky Gelis Yulia , Galili Ronen
Published: December 2024

Background: A ground glass nodule (GGN) is a radiologically descriptive term for a lung parenchymal area with increased attenuation and preserved bronchial and vascular structures. GGNs are further divided into pure versus subsolid lesions. The differential diagnosis for GGNs is wide and contains a malignant possibility for a lung adenocarcinoma precursor or tumor. Clinical and pathological staging of GGNs is based on the lesions’ solid component and falls into a specific classification including T0 for TIS, T1mi for minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and T1abc for lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma (LPA) according to the eighth edition of the TNM classification of lung cancer. Correlation between solid parts seen on a CT scan and the tumor pathological invasive component is not absolute. Methods: This retrospective study collected the data of 68 GGNs that were operated upon in Carmel Medical Center. A comparison between preoperative clinical staging and post-surgery pathological staging was conducted. Results: Over a third of the lesions, twenty-four (35.3%), were upstaged while only four (5.9%) lesions were downstaged. Another third of the lesions, twenty-three (33.8%), kept their stage. In three (4.4%) cases, premalignant lesion atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) was diagnosed. Ten (14.7%) cases were diagnosed as non-malignant on final pathology. These findings show an overall low agreement between the clinical and pathological stages of GGNs. Conclusions: The relatively high percentage of upstaging tumors detected in this study and the overall safe and short surgical procedure advocate for surgical resection even in the presence of a significant number of non-malignant lesions that retrospectively do not mandate intervention at all.
Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Spontaneous Abortion: A Histopathology Dataset and Benchmark for Products of Conception
Authors: Mahmood Tahir , Ullah Zeeshan , Latif Atif , Sultan Binish Arif , Zubair Muhammad , Ullah Zahid , Ansari AbuZar , Zehra Talat , Ahmed Shahzad , Dilshad Naqqash
Published: December 2024

Spontaneous abortion, commonly known as miscarriage, is a significant concern during early pregnancy. Histopathological examination of tissue samples is a widely used method to diagnose and classify tissue phenotypes found in products of conception (POC) after spontaneous abortion. Background: Histopathological examination is subjective and dependent on the skill and experience of the examiner. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI)-based techniques have emerged as a promising tool in medical imaging, offering the potential to revolutionize tissue phenotyping and improve the accuracy and reliability of the histopathological examination process. The goal of this study was to investigate the use of AI techniques for the detection of various tissue phenotypes in POC after spontaneous abortion and evaluate the accuracy and reliability of these techniques compared to traditional manual methods. Methods: We present a novel publicly available dataset named HistoPoC, which is believed to be the first of its kind, focusing on spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) in early pregnancy. A diverse dataset of 5666 annotated images was prepared from previously diagnosed cases of POC from Atia General Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, for this purpose. The digital images were prepared at 10× through a camera-connected microscope by a consultant histopathologist. Results: The dataset’s effectiveness was validated using several deep learning-based models, demonstrating its applicability and supporting its use in intelligent diagnostic systems. Conclusions: The insights gained from this study could illuminate the causes of spontaneous abortion and guide the development of novel treatments. Additionally, this study could contribute to advancements in the field of tissue phenotyping and the wider application of deep learning techniques in medical diagnostics and treatment.
Periodontitis, Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes: Identifying Patients at Risk for Three Common Diseases Using the aMMP-8 Rapid Test at the Dentist’s Office
Authors: Hopealaakso Taija Kristiina , Thomas Julie Toby , Pätilä Tommi , Penttala Miika , Sakellari Dimitra , Grigoriadis Andreas , Gupta Shipra , Sorsa Timo , Räisänen Ismo T.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: This narrative review paper highlights the multifaceted influence of dysbiotic biofilm, genetic background, host response, and environmental factors on periodontitis. It explores the roles of type I and II diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, and metabolic syndrome in the progression of periodontitis, drawing insights from various empirical studies and theoretical perspectives. Methods: Relevant articles were sourced using keywords in databases like PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Additionally, this review examines the relationship between aMMP-8 levels and increased glycemic states, as well as varying degrees of periodontitis severity. Results: The biomarker active-matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8), produced by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), is highlighted as a reliable indicator of ongoing connective tissue degradation. Dysfunctions in PMN activity, accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGE), and oxidative stress aggravate the periodontal inflammatory response and complications of diabetes. Traditional diagnostics of periodontitis do not provide sufficient information about the current or future disease initiation or activity of periodontitis. Conclusions: The implications of this review point to the need for monitoring periodontal health by utilizing innovative strategies like aMMP-8 point-of-care testing, using oral rinse for screening and treatment monitoring, and harnessing the potential of supportive treatments like low-dose doxycycline and light-activated mouth rinses for restoring periodontal health. Its expression in oral fluids is a promising diagnostic tool to differentiate periodontitis from gingivitis and healthy periodontium, especially when associated with systemic diseases, fostering greater collaboration among healthcare professionals.