bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apropriação da cidade enquanto experiência cenográfica e embate contra a ditadura militar: Na selva das cidades (Teatro Oficina e Lina Bo Bardi, 1969)
Authors: Bertucci Patricia Morales
Published: December 2021

O grupo do Teatro Oficina foi bastante afetado pela construção do complexo viário da Ligação Leste-Oeste, localizado na Rua Jaceguai, no bairro do Bixiga, em São Paulo. O grupo resistiu a essa violenta transformação urbana que rasgou o bairro e se opôs às demolições e desapropriações promovidas pelo Estado com a encenação da peça Na selva das cidades (1969), em uma época em que os poucos que se colocavam contra a ditadura sofreram sérias consequências. Tendo em vista tal contexto de intensificação dos conflitos sociais e políticos na cidade, discorro neste artigo sobre a experiência cênica do espetáculo teatral que se apropriou dos escombros do bairro do Bixiga e desviou a produção simbólica do espaço da cidade, a contrapelo da ditadura militar que implantava seu o plano de transformação urbana e ideológica autoritária.
“Um James Bond subdesenvolvido” e uma “Cabeça Retangular”: estética desigual e combinada em Pepetela e Mabanckou
Authors: Deckard Sharae
Published: December 2021

Este artigo constitui um estudo de caso de comparativismo literário-mundial considerando duas obras de ficção contemporâneas da semiperiferia, African Psycho [Psicopata Africano] (2003) do congolês Alain Mabanckou e Jaime Bunda, Agente Secreto (2001) do angolano Pepetela, os quais empregam narradores "imperfeitos" com corpos comicamente exagerados cujas assimetrias físicas empregam uma semiótica somática que incorpora satiricamente os afetos e habitus corporais associados ao desenvolvimento desigual, com assimetrias correspondentes no enredo, narração e forma. Ambos os textos se apropriam e reinventam autoconscientemente dispositivos narratológicos anteriores de escritores das periferias, incluindo Machado e Dostoiévski. Essas inovações narratológicas são soldadas a uma estética desigual que combina elementos dos gêneros ficção policial, detetive e de suspense. Eu proponho que o "narrador falho" proeminente nas obras de Pepetela e Mabanckou pode ser interpretado como um dispositivo formal que intermedia as pressões sociais do desenvolvimento desigual em vários contextos sócio-temporais, e compararei seu uso contemporâneo nesses dois contextos diversos de nações pós-coloniais africanas à luz de localizações de produção literária semiperiféricas anteriores, considerando Luanda de Pepetela e Brazavile de Mabanckou em referência a São Petersburgo de Dostoiévski, Praga-Boskovice de Herman Ungar e Rio de Janeiro de Machado.
Wnt5a Promotes Lysosomal Cholesterol Egress and Protects Against Atherosclerosis
Authors: Awan Sara , Lambert Magalie , Imtiaz Ali , Alpy Fabien , Tomasetto Catherine , Oulad-Abdelghani Mustapha , Schaeffer Christine , Moritz Chloé , Julien-David Diane , Najib Souad , Martinez Laurent O. , Matz Rachel L. , Collet Xavier , Silva-Rojas Roberto , Böhm Johann , Herz Joachim , Terrand Jérôme , Boucher Philippe
Published: December 2021

Background:

Impairment of cellular cholesterol trafficking is at the heart of atherosclerotic lesions formation. This involves egress of cholesterol from the lysosomes and 2 lysosomal proteins, the NPC1 (Niemann–Pick C1) and NPC2 that promotes cholesterol trafficking. However, movement of cholesterol out the lysosome and how disrupted cholesterol trafficking leads to atherosclerosis is unclear. As the Wnt ligand, Wnt5a inhibits the intracellular accumulation of cholesterol in multiple cell types, we tested whether Wnt5a interacts with the lysosomal cholesterol export machinery and studied its role in atherosclerotic lesions formation.

Methods:

We generated mice deleted for the
Wnt5a
gene in vascular smooth muscle cells. To establish whether Wnt5a also protects against cholesterol accumulation in human vascular smooth muscle cells, we used a CRISPR/Cas9 guided nuclease approach to generate human vascular smooth muscle cells knockout for Wnt5a.

Results:

We show that Wnt5a is a crucial component of the lysosomal cholesterol export machinery. By increasing lysosomal acid lipase expression, decreasing metabolic signaling by the mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) kinase, and through binding to NPC1 and NPC2, Wnt5a senses changes in dietary cholesterol supply and promotes lysosomal cholesterol egress to the endoplasmic reticulum. Consequently, loss of Wnt5a decoupled mTORC1 from variations in lysosomal sterol levels, disrupted lysosomal function, decreased cholesterol content in the endoplasmic reticulum, and promoted atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

These results reveal an unexpected function of the Wnt5a pathway as essential for maintaining cholesterol homeostasis in vivo.
Development and Validation of a Long-Term Incident Heart Failure Risk Model
Authors: Khan Sadiya S. , Ning Hongyan , Allen Norrina B. , Carnethon Mercedes R. , Yancy Clyde W. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Wilkins John T. , Tian Lu , Lloyd-Jones Donald M.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Average lifetime risk for heart failure (HF) is high but differs significantly across and within sex-race groups. No models for estimating long-term risk for HF exist, which would allow for earlier identification and interventions in high-risk subsets. The authors aim to derive 30-year HF risk equations.

Methods:

Adults between the ages of 20 to 59 years and free of cardiovascular disease at baseline from 5 population-based cohorts were included. Among 24 838 participants (55% women, 25% Black based on self-report), follow-up consisted of 599 551 person-years. Sex- and race-specific 30-year HF risk equations were derived and validated accounting for competing risk of non-HF death. HF was based on a clinical diagnosis. Model discrimination and calibration were assessed using 10-fold cross-validation. Finally, the model was applied to varying risk factor patterns for systematic examination.

Results:

The rate of incident HF was 4.0 per 1000 person-years. Harrell C statistics were 0.82 (0.80–0.83) and 0.84 (0.82–0.85) in White and Black men and 0.84 (0.82–0.85) and 0.85 (0.83–0.87) in White and Black women, respectively. Hosmer-Lemeshow calibration was acceptable, with χ
2
<30 in all subgroups. Risk estimation varied across sex-race groups: for example, in an average 40-year-old nonsmoker with an untreated systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg and body mass index of 30 kg/m
2
, risk was estimated to be 22.8% in a Black man, 13.7% in a White man, 13.0% in a Black woman, and 12.1% in a White woman.

Conclusions:

Sex- and race-specific equations for prediction of long-term risk of HF demonstrated high discrimination and adequate calibration.
Cryoballoon Ablation for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Concomitant Heart Failure and Either Reduced or Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: Results From the Cryo AF Global Registry
Authors: Rordorf Roberto , Scazzuso Fernando , Chun Kyoung Ryul Julian , Khelae Surinder Kaur , Kueffer Fred J. , Braegelmann Kendra M. , Okumura Ken , Al‐Kandari Fawzia , On Young Keun , Földesi Csaba ,   the Cryo AF Global Registry Investigators
Published: December 2021

Background

Heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) often coexist; yet, outcomes of ablation in patients with AF and concomitant HF are limited. This analysis assessed outcomes of cryoablation in patients with AF and HF.

Methods and Results

The Cryo AF Global Registry is a prospective, multicenter registry of patients with AF who were treated with cryoballoon ablation according to routine practice at 56 sites in 26 countries. Patients with baseline New York Heart Association class I to III (HF cohort) were compared with patients without HF. Freedom from atrial arrhythmia recurrence ≥30 seconds, safety, and health care utilization over 12‐month follow‐up were analyzed. A total of 1303 patients (318 HF) were included. Patients with HF commonly had preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (81.6%), were more often women (45.6% versus 33.6%) with persistent AF (25.8% versus 14.3%), and had a larger left atrial diameter (4.4±0.9 versus 4.0±0.7 cm). Serious procedure‐related complications occurred in 4.1% of patients with HF and 2.6% of patients without HF (
P
=0.188). Freedom from atrial arrhythmia recurrence was not different between cohorts with either paroxysmal AF (84.2% [95% CI, 78.6–88.4] versus 86.8% [95% CI, 84.2–89.0]) or persistent AF (69.6% [95% CI, 58.1–78.5] versus 71.8% [95% CI, 63.2–78.7]) (
P
=0.319). After ablation, a reduction in AF‐related symptoms and antiarrhythmic drug use was observed in both cohorts (HF and no‐HF), and freedom from repeat ablation was not different between cohorts. Persistent AF and HF predicted a post‐ablation cardiovascular rehospitalization (
P
=0.032 and
P
=0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

Cryoablation to treat patients with AF is similarly effective at 12 months in patients with and without HF.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique Identifier: NCT02752737.
Calcatedessa gen.n. a new genus sister to Grammedessa Correia & Fernandes (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae) based on a cladistic analysis
Authors: da Silva Paulo Augusto Lima , Fernandes José Antônio Marin
Published: December 2021

Grammedessa Correia & Fernandes, 2016 is a genus raised to include some species of Edessa Fabricius, 1803 that is a very common group of stink bugs inhabiting only the Neotropical region. Grammedessa was proposed excluding a few species that were morphologically similar but not completely fitting in the diagnostic requirements of the genus. Grammedessa was also proposed without considering a phylogenetic context. In this work, the monophyly of Grammedessa was tested using a cladistic analysis, including all species that were originally excluded, under both Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian methods. As a result, six new species are now included in Grammedessa, which will be described in a forthcoming paper; Edessa botocudo Kirkaldy, 1909 was considered an unnecessary new name for Edessa hamata Walker, 1868 that was transferred to Grammedessa, resulting in G. hamata (Walker, 1868) comb.n.
Calcatedessa
gen.n., a new genus sister to Grammedessa, is here proposed to include four new species: C. anthomorpha
sp.n., C. clarimarginata
sp.n., C. germana
sp.n. and C. temnomarginata
sp.n. The Calcatedessa–Grammedessa clade and both genera were recovered as monophyletic by Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian methods. An identification key to the species of Calcatedessa
gen.n. is provided. The new genus is distributed in Guyana, Suriname, French Guyana, and Brazil.
Camera, Canvas, and Qibla: Late Ottoman Mobilities and the Fatih Mosque Painting
Authors: Göloğlu Sabiha
Published: December 2021

This article discusses the multiple mobilities of images, photographs, photographers, viewers, and places by focusing on Miʿmarzade Muhammed ʿAli’s (d. 1938) oil-on-canvas painting, now located in the Fatih Mosque in Istanbul. It explores the limits, lives, possibilities, and uses of photographic views and the exchanges between photography, painting, and print media by investigating the geopolitics and geopiety of the Hamidian era (i.e., Sultan ʿAbdülhamid II, r. 1876–1909), the production and circulation of early photographs of Mecca and Medina, and the spatial tradition of qibla decorum. It examines the photographic oeuvres of Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (d. 1936), al-Sayyid ʿAbd al-Ghaffar, and the committee of the Erkān-ı Ḥarbiyye (General Military Staff), including Muhammad Sadiq Bey (d. 1902), as well as the reproductions and changing contexts of these photographs. Furthermore, this article highlights the role of print media in the dissemination and mobilization of the photographic image and the malleable politics of representation, especially as it pertains to the two sacred cities of Mecca and Medina.
An SSI-Based STEAM Approach to Developing Science Programs
Authors: Mang Ha My Anna , Chu Hye-Eun , Martin Sonya N. , Kim Chan-Jong
Published: December 2021

This study employed a multi-phased process to guide the development of an approach for integrating socio-scientific issues (SSI) and science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) education in a way that can reform how science is taught in schools to improve scientific literacy. This approach can help teachers connect science authentically to real-world issues that have social and cultural relevance to students’ everyday lives. To demonstrate how the approach could be used for curriculum development, the authors defined the dimensions and key principles of SSI-based STEAM teaching and translated the approach into a climate change program by using a 6E inquiry model, which emphasizes an “enactment” stage. This program was used to discuss the benefits and challenges of employing an SSI-based STEAM approach in classroom contexts. We conclude by discussing implications for using this approach to improve science learning opportunities in cross-cultural contexts, and we raise questions about the need for future research.
Middle Byzantine Parekklesia of Constantinople: Their History, Purpose, and New Data
Authors: Çetinkaya Halûk
Published: December 2021

Recent restoration projects in Istanbul have brought to light new evidence related to the middle Byzantine (843–1204) churches of Istanbul. In particular, archaeological excavations have exposed previously unknown parts of the monastic churches. This article provides a brief construction history of the middle Byzantine churches of Istanbul and their later additions, and elucidates the purpose for which the latter were built. Thus, together with written sources, archaeological data may improve our understanding of these constructions. In particular, this article discusses the recent discovery of a funerary chapel outside the Pantokrator complex and the parekklesia unearthed at Vefa Kilise Camii.
4. The Good Life
Authors: Graham Philip
Published: December 2021

A description is given of the status of Oxford philosophy in the 1950s and 1960s, its ‘golden age’. The main schools of thought, especially ‘ordinary language’ philosophy, are outlined, together with an account of the academic leaders in the field. The torrid atmosphere of the Senior Common Room of St. Hugh’s College in which she was the first married fellow is discussed. There are highly positive accounts of her supervisions provided to the author by her supervisees. Her professional relationships with colleagues are described, as well as Saturday morning meetings taken by the influential philosopher, J. L. Austin. She participated in BBC Third Programme philosophy debates, enjoying being the ‘only woman’. Over the period 1960-70, she wrote several books, including. Ethics since 1900 (1960) and three books on existentialism. The contents of these books are described as well as their reception by contemporary philosophers. By the mid-1960s, for various reasons, including finding the analytic school of philosophy then predominant at Oxford ‘arid and depressing’, she was looking for an exit.
5. Fitting It All In
Authors: Graham Philip
Published: December 2021

This chapter draws on Mary’s own published and unpublished recollections as well as those of her children and her friends and an extended interview in The Compleat Woman: Marriage, Motherhood, Career. Can She Have It All? (1988) by Valerie Grove. She managed to work full-time while bringing up five children, born between 1950 and 1961. Her philosophy of child-rearing is described, and an account is given of each of her five children during their childhoods and subsequently. She had a very close relationship with Geoffrey, rich with mutual interests, both professional and recreational. Drawing on an illuminating interview with Ann Strawson a few days after her 100th birthday, her friendships with families of colleagues, especially Peter and Ann Strawson and Marcus and Cecilia Dick, are described. There were crowded holidays in a family holiday house on the North Yorkshire Coast. Mary had extra-marital friendships and possibly more intimate relationships with male colleagues. She had an affectionate relationship with Duncan, her much older brother and her role model in childhood. Later, as Sir Duncan Wilson, he was Ambassador to the Soviet Union and Master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. She visited him in Moscow during a festival of British music that he had arranged.
8. Infertility
Authors: Graham Philip
Published: December 2021

In June 1982, shortly after Geoffrey had been appointed Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford, Mary was invited to chair a Committee of Enquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology. The first test tube baby had been born in 1978, since when there had been continued demand for official guidance on the limits of experimental work on embryos and on clinical practice. Mary’s knowledge of biology when she took up this role was virtually non-existent, but she was well supported by experts and learned rapidly. Ann McLaren, a distinguished biological scientist, was particularly helpful. Mary established guidelines for embryo research that should be permissible. In each problematic situation, she asked two questions. Is an experiment morally wrong? If it is, should there be a law to prohibit it? There was significant disagreement, especially from Catholic members of the committee. However, majority agreement was reached on a so-called fourteen-day rule; there should be no experimentation on embryos beyond the fourteenth day after fertilisation. There was also disagreement over whether surrogate pregnancies should be legalised, with Mary taking the majority view that they should not. She soon regretted the position she had taken on this issue. The report recommended the establishment of a Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. The report was completed in 1984, but relevant legislation based on it was only passed after much controversial debate in 1990. There was much opposition from religious leaders. Subsequent major scientific advances are described, but there has been no significant reform of the law since that time, and the report is still widely regarded both nationally and internationally as providing a benchmark for research and the organisation of services in this field. Mary subsequently wrote various relevant publications, especially Making Babies (2002), which considers whether women have a right to have babies. An online conference held in April 2021 celebrated the report and Mary’s contribution to it.
How Does Innovation Affect Economic Growth? Evidence from G20 Countries
Authors: Sarangi Ajoy K , Pradhan Rudra P. , Nath Tamal , Maradana Rana P. , Roy Hiranmoy
Published: December 2021

We study the interactions between innovation and economic growth in G20 countries over 1961–2019. We establish whether there is a temporal causality between these two variables. Employing the autoregressive distributive lag framework, our results expose a grid of short-run and long-run causal relationships between innovation and growth, including long-run unidirectional causality from innovation to economic growth. Overall, our findings shed light on the real effects of innovation on economic growth.

JEL Codes: O38, O31, O32
The Type IX Secretion System and Its Role in Bacterial Function and Pathogenesis
Authors: Veith P.D. , Glew M.D. , Gorasia D.G. , Cascales E. , Reynolds E.C.
Published: December 2021

Porphyromonas, Tannerella, and Prevotella species found in severe periodontitis use the Type IX Secretion System (T9SS) to load their outer membrane surface with an array of virulence factors. These virulence factors are then released on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which penetrate the host to dysregulate the immune response to establish a positive feedback loop of chronic, inflammatory destruction of the tooth’s supporting tissues. In this review, we present the latest information on the molecular architecture of the T9SS and provide mechanistic insight into its role in secretion and attachment of cargo proteins to produce a virulence coat on cells and OMVs. The recent molecular structures of the T9SS motor comprising PorL and PorM as well as the secretion pore Sov, together with advances in the overall interactome, have provided insight into the possible mechanisms of secretion. We propose the presence of PorL/M motors arranged in a circle at the inner membrane with bent periplasmic rotors interacting with the PorN protein. At the outer membrane, we envisage a slide carousel model where the PorN protein is driven around a circular track composed of PorK. Cargo proteins are transported by PorN to PorW and the Sov translocon just as slides are rotated to the projection window. Secreted proteins are proposed to then be shuttled along highways consisting of the PorV shuttle protein to an array of attachment complexes distributed around the cell. The cell surface attachment of cargo is a hallmark of the T9SS, and in Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia, this attachment is achieved via covalent bonding to a linking sugar synthesized by the Wbp/Vim pathway. The cell-surface attached cargo are enriched on OMVs, which are then released from the cell.
The Utility of Meditation and Mindfulness-Based Interventions in the Time of COVID-19: A Theoretical Proposition and Systematic Review of the Relevant Prison, Quarantine and Lockdown Literature
Authors: Bursky Mikell , Kosuri Mahathi , Walsh Carson Kaitlin , Babad Sara , Iskhakova Alexandra , Nikulina Valentina
Published: December 2021

As of July 20, 2021, Covid-19 has killed 4,086,000 people, infected at least 190,169,833 others, and devastated the world’s economy. To slow the spread of the virus, numerous governments instituted “lockdown” policies and quarantines, limiting social interactions to the immediate household. The experience of isolation and uncertainty have contributed to increased fear, anxiety, and loneliness; with limited options of research-supported interventions. Although different in nature, the experiences of quarantine and lockdown have been likened to incarceration. Past research has found meditation and mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) to be effective psychological treatments for prisoners and may therefore translate well into effective methods for the maintenance of psychological well-being for individuals quarantined during the pandemic. More recently, research investigating the effects of meditation and MBIs during the pandemic have demonstrated preliminary evidence for beneficial psychological improvements. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA), the current narrative review paper: 1) examines the parallels and differences between the experience of quarantine and imprisonment, 2) investigates the mechanisms through which meditation and mindfulness enact their effects, and 3) systematically reviews literature on the benefits of various types of meditation and MBIs for inmates and individuals in lockdown or quarantine. With this knowledge, the public can garner applicable insight into the potential use of meditation and MBIs for individuals forced to cope with pandemic lockdowns and quarantines. Two hundred and twenty one (221) articles were identified through Pubmed and Google Scholar, and 24 articles were ultimately included in the manuscript.
A multimode process monitoring strategy via improved variational inference Gaussian mixture model based on locality preserving projections
Authors: Guo Qingxiu , Liu Jianchang , Tan Shubin , Yang Dongsheng , Li Yuan , Zhang Cheng
Published: December 2021

For multimode process monitoring, accurate mode information is difficult to be obtained, and each mode is monitored separately, which increases the complexity of the system. This paper proposes a multimode process monitoring strategy via improved variational inference Gaussian mixture model based on locality preserving projections (IVIGMM-LPP). First, the raw data are projected to the feature space where samples still maintain the original neighbor structure. Second, a new discriminant condition is introduced to reduce the influence of the initial category parameter on the iteration results in the VIGMM model. Then, the data are updated utilizing modal information, so that the scales of different modes are adjusted to the same level. Next, the deviation vector is introduced to eliminate the multi-center structure of data. Finally, the statistic is built to monitor the process. IVIGMM-LPP establishes one model for monitoring the premise of knowing the mode information, which reduces the complexity of the monitoring process and improves the fault detection rate. The experimental results of a numerical case and the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process verify the effectiveness of IVIGMM-LPP.
Optimum Domestic Processing and Cooking Methods for Reducing the Polyphenolic (Antinutrient) Content of Pigeon Peas
Authors: Duhan Aarti , Khetarpaul Neelam , Bishnoi Saroj
Published: December 2021

Four high yielding and early maturing cultivars of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) namely UPAS-120, ICPL-87, ICPL-151 and, especially, Manak, contained significant amounts of polyphenols (1075 to 1328 mg/100g), which may limit their utilization. The effectiveness of soaking (6, 12 and 18 h, 30°C), soaking and dehulling, ordinary cooking, pressure cooking and germination (24, 36, 48 h, 30°C) in reducing the levels of polyphenols was investigated. A decrease in the polyphenolic contents varying from 4 to 26 percent in different pigeon pea cultivar was achieved. Pressure cooking of soaked-dehulled seeds was found to be the most effective method, followed by sprouting for 48 h, ordinary cooking of soaked-dehulled seeds, and pressure cooking of soaked whole seeds followed by sprouting for 36 h.
A Study of Prevalence of Protein Energy Malnutrition among 0–5 Years in Rural Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Abidoye R.O. , Bofori Sika
Published: December 2021

Three hundred and seventy pre-school children (181 males and 189 females) were studied in order to document the prevalence of protein energy malnutrition and factors that militate it. The prevalence of protein energy malnutrition among the children was revealed to be 41.6% (154). One hundred and fiftyone (40.8%) of them were found to have weight-for-height below -2SD indicating level of stunting among the children. Most malnourished children belonged to mothers who were illiterate 97 (54.8%) when viewed from the mothers’ educational perspective. This study also showed the following factors that were statistically significant with PEM: educational status of mothers (p<0.05), marital status (p<0.05) of mothers, occupational status of mothers (p=0.000), parental income per annum (p=0.000), length of breastfeeding (p=0.000), water supply and regularity, type of housing and toilet facilities. Intensification of health education aimed at encouraging beneficial childhood feeding practices in the community is needed together with further study on the subject, which will be directed at actual analysis of the nutritive values of available local foodstuffs as a prerequisite for an effective intervention programme.
Credibility contests: The contributions of experiential knowledge to radicalisation expertise
Authors: Wicker Kate
Published: December 2021

Radicalisation has become a highly influential idea in British policy making. It underpins and justifies Prevent, a core part of the UK's counter-terrorism strategy. Experts have theorised the radicalisation process, often beset by a weak evidence base and mired in fundamental contestation on definitions and explanatory factors. Experiential experts have been active contributors to these debates, presenting a challenge to the low-ranking role often given to experiential knowledge in evidence hierarchies and a contrast to policy areas in which it remains poorly valued. This paper draws on interviews with radicalisation experts to examine the dynamics of this pluralisation in practice. With a focus on credibility contests, it explains how experiential experts can claim authoritative knowledge and the challenges they face from those who prioritise theory-driven empirical data as the basis for contributions to knowledge. The paper draws out the implications for understandings of expertise of this newly conceptualised, evidence poor and highly applied topic area.
Selling for the Social Good: A Commentary and Extension to Pedagogy Place
Authors: Cummins Shannon
Published: December 2021

This paper describes an adaptation of “Social Marketing, Consumer Behavior, and the SDGs” available from the Pedagogy Place website to an introductory sales class. The extension provides an example of how the structure of a macromarketing project can be adapted to every part of the marketing curriculum—even personal selling. The project details how sales skills can be developed using experiential learning while simultaneously providing an opportunity to discuss macromarketing principles and use sales techniques toward sustainability goals and societal good.
Symmetry in Triple Hop Distance Hides Asymmetries in Knee Function After ACL Reconstruction in Athletes at Return to Sports
Authors: Kotsifaki Argyro , Van Rossom Sam , Whiteley Rodney , Korakakis Vasileios , Bahr Roald , Sideris Vasileios , Smith Philip Graham , Jonkers Ilse
Published: December 2021

Background:

After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), a battery of strength and hop tests is frequently used to determine the readiness of an athlete to successfully return to sports. However, the anterior cruciate ligament reinjury rate remains alarmingly high.

Purpose:

To evaluate the lower limb function of athletes after ACLR at the time when they had been cleared to return to sports (RTS). We aimed to evaluate if passing discharge criteria ensures restoration of normal lower limb biomechanics in terms of kinematics, kinetics, work, and percentage work contribution during a triple hop for distance.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Integrated 3-dimensional motion analysis was performed in 24 male athletes after ACLR when cleared to RTS and 23 healthy male controls during the triple-hop test. The criteria for RTS were (1) clearance by the surgeon and the physical therapist, (2) completion of a sports-specific on-field rehabilitation program, and (3) limb symmetry index >90% after quadriceps strength and hop battery tests. Lower limb and trunk kinematics, as well as knee joint moments and work, were calculated. Between-limb differences (within athletes after ACLR) and between-group differences (between ACLR and control groups) were evaluated using mixed linear models.

Results:

Although achieving 97% limb symmetry in distance hopped and displaying almost 80% symmetry for knee work absorption in the second rebound and third landing, the ACLR cohorts demonstrated only 51% and 66% limb symmetry for knee work generation in the first and second rebound phases, respectively. During both work generation phases of the triple hop, the relative contribution of the involved knee was significantly smaller, with a prominent compensation from the hip joint ( P < .001, for all phases) as compared with the uninvolved limb and the controls. In addition, patients deployed a whole body compensatory strategy to account for the between-limb differences in knee function, mainly at the hip, pelvis, and trunk.

Conclusion:

Symmetry in the triple hop for distance masked important deficits in the knee joint work. These differences were more prominent during work generation (concentric-propulsive) than work absorption (eccentric-landing).

Clinical Relevance:

Symmetry in hop distance during the triple hop test masked significant asymmetries in knee function after ACLR and might not be the appropriate outcome to use as a discharge criterion. Differences between limbs in athletes after ACLR were more prominent during the power generation than the absorption phase.
The Impact of Robotic Companion Pets on Depression and Loneliness for Older Adults with Dementia During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fogelson Donna M. , Rutledge Carolyn , Zimbro Kathie S.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Differences in depression and loneliness, during the COVID-19 pandemic, for older adults with mild to moderate dementia living in residential care after interacting with a robotic companion dog or cat were explored. Experiences of family members and professional caregivers were also examined. Design: This study used a mixed research design with pre- and post-questionnaires on depression and loneliness. Method: Quantitative data exploring the impact of companion pets on depression and loneliness were collected from participants pre-intervention and at 3- and 6-week intervals. Qualitative data were collected during the 6-week study period, permitting researchers to explore the impact of robotic companion pets on participants, family members, and professional caregivers. Findings: Results indicated depression (χ2F(2)  =  21.29, p < 0.001) and loneliness (χ2F(2)  =  21.11, p < 0.001) improved. Moreover, participants were engaged with their companion pet, providing meaningful, activity and positive experiences. Conclusions: Robotic companion pet therapy, a holistic, nonpharmacologic animal-assisted therapy (AAT), changed the AAT landscape at the study site and provided an alternative option to live pet therapy during COVID-19. Participant interactions with their robotic companion pets enhanced their well-being and quality of life, especially during stringent COVID-19 restrictions and social isolation.
Further Evidence on Competition in Nonprofit Donor Markets
Authors: Harrison Teresa , Thornton Jeremy
Published: December 2021

This article introduces a novel empirical approach to the nonprofit literature that can measure competition between nonprofit organizations. Our approach provides a framework to determine how the number of organizations may be incorporated into empirical competitive analysis. We then systematically estimate the average population needed to support a given number of nonprofits in a market. We find that, for the 10 nonprofit industries examined, markets reach competitive levels once four or more nonprofits have entered. The results suggest that a relatively small number of nonprofits are needed to ensure robust competition. Our findings demonstrate that donor market competition is both predictive in nonprofit entry decisions and remarkably similar to competitive behavior among for-profit firms. We discuss several implications of these findings, in terms of both policy and future empirical research.
Mapping Civil Society in the Digital Age: Critical Reflections From a Project Based in the Global South
Authors: LePere-Schloop Megan , Appe Susan , Adjei-Bamfo Peter , Zook Sandy , Bawole Justice N.
Published: December 2021

Initiatives to map nonprofit organizations encompass efforts to define the boundaries of the sector and understand its scope and scale. As new technologies make it possible to digitize and analyze information in new ways, further questions about mapping civil society emerge. We integrate nonprofit scholarship, critical work on computational methods, and reflection on our experiences using machine learning to map nongovernmental organizations in Ghana, to develop a critical framework for mapping civil society in the digital age. The issues we raise about computational methods are embedded within greater concerns about the taken-for-granted assumptions in mapping civil society, and mapping as a tool to control, manage, and manipulate civil society. We are particularly attentive to the power within mapping as a mode of knowledge production.
Modeling and analytical methods for a mounting system with double stage isolation
Authors: Zheng Yawei , Shangguan Wen-Bin , Kang Yingzi
Published: December 2021

A calculation method for obtaining the displacements and rigid body modes of a Powertrain Mounting System (PMS) with double stage isolation is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the PMS with double stage isolation is modeled as a 12 Degree of Freedoms (DOFs) model, which includes six DOFs for the powertrain and the subframe respectively. The mounts are simplified as a three-dimensional spring along each axis of its Local Mount Coordinate System (LMCS), which takes the non-linear relation of the force versus the displacement of each spring into account. Secondly, the quasi-static equilibrium equation and the free vibration equation as well as the forced vibration equation of the proposed model are derived and the solutions of equations are presented. Then, the calculation and solution methods are validated by the simulation results. The differences of rigid body modes and displacements of the powertrain between single and double stage isolation are estimated, which demonstrates that the proposed model is more accurate, especially when powertrain mounts are stiff. Also, the effect of locations for powertrain mounts on car body is investigated, which shows that is beneficial for motion control of powertrain.
Nonlinear combustion instability analysis of a bluff body burner based on the flame describing function
Authors: Lu Yipin , Xiao Yinli , Wu Juan , Chen Liang
Published: December 2021

Lean premixed combustion is a common form of combustion organization in power equipment and propulsion systems. In order to understand the dynamic characteristics of lean premixed flame and predict and control its combustion instability, it is necessary to obtain its flame describing function (FDF). Based on the open source CFD toolbox, OpenFOAM, the dynamic K-equation model, and the finite rate Partially Stirred Reactor (PaSR) model were used to perform large eddy simulations (LES) of lean premixed combustion, and the response of the unsteady heat release rate to single-frequency harmonic disturbances was studied. The response of the unsteady heat release rate was characterized by the FDF, and the response of the unsteady heat release rate to the two-frequency harmonic disturbance was studied. The results show that the quantitative heat release rate response and flame dynamics have very proper accuracy. In the single-frequency harmonic disturbance, as the forcing frequency increases, the curling behavior of the flame surface and the instantaneous vortex structure change; the nonlinear kinematics effect is manifested by the entrainment of the vortex. At lower forcing frequencies, the heat release response changes linearly with the increase of forcing amplitude; at intermediate frequencies, the heat release response exhibits obvious nonlinear behavior; at high frequencies, the heat release response to amplitude changes decreases. The introduction of the second harmonic disturbance will significantly reduce the response range of the total heat release rate and make the combustion more stable.
Eco-efficiency Assessment of Chinese Petrochemical Enterprises: A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach
Authors: Wang Yanqiu , Yao Lixia , Cui Shengnan , Zhu Zhiwei
Published: December 2021

This study uses the Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (CCR) and Banker, Charnes and Cooper (BBC) models of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to evaluate the relative eco-efficiency and operating efficiency of the ten petrochemical enterprises. A random sample of ten petrochemical enterprises were selected from the Northeastern area of China. The data collected from the ten petrochemical enterprises were run on the DEA models and the evaluated results were input for the difference analysis for the scale efficiency and technical efficiency. Then the estimates the petrochemical enterprise's operating efficiency and ecological efficiency along with the influencing factors were run by regression analysis in order to verify the evaluation model and the rationality of influencing factors. After the projection analysis of the DEA, the firms that did not reach the values of effectiveness were identified and provided the suggestions for the targeted improvement values of eco-efficiency. Thus, this application procedure can be viewed as an example of the application development of the new DEA model and provides the reference for related industry making sustainable development strategy.
Poverty in the EU using augmented measures of financial resources: The role of assets and debt
Authors: Kuypers Sarah , Marx Ive
Published: December 2021

Despite clear limitations, poverty research in the rich world overwhelmingly relies on income-based measures. Households may have significant savings and assets that they can draw on to boost their living standards, but may also have debts that depress the living standard they can actually achieve with their disposable income. Using data from the Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS), this article offers a picture of poverty in 17 EU countries that takes into account assets and debt, using various approaches. While earlier studies have found that poverty rates tend to be lower when wealth is accounted for, this study highlights the situation of those who become or remain poor even when savings and assets are included. It focuses both on within-country patterns of joint income–wealth poverty and on cross-country differences. It is shown that the elderly are generally less prone to being poor once assets are accounted for. However, for renter households with a young, female, low educated, unemployed or inactive and single head, the risk of being poor when assets and debt are accounted for remains high and in some cases even increases. That is generally the case because they have few assets, rather than because of high debts. The substantial variation in poverty rates observed across countries can to some extent be accounted for by socio-demographic factors, but a lot of variation still remains unaccounted for.
Contradictory regimes of practice: Constructs and discourses in an open prison
Authors: Sapsford Roger
Published: December 2021

Using concepts from Kelly and Foucault, analysis of interviews in the mid-1990s with staff in an English open prison explores how contrasting discourses are reconciled. Two superficially antagonistic discursive formations within prison practice are described: a discourse of discipline/control and an ethic of reform and reclaiming “spoiled” criminals for good and productive life. While rhetorically at odds, they are reconciled in the working practices of prison staff, with discipline as a necessary precondition for reform. The open prisons stand for the rehabilitative ethic and the staff are proud of their work, but by the 1990s prison policy had begun to dissociate itself from promises of reform, in response to research conclusions that residential care was ineffective. This case study shows how discourses survive when they are disowned by their “owners.” The research has wider implications for an understanding of hierarchical relationships between discourses and construct-sets that prescribe different practices.
Exploring the perceptions of the educational environment in online acupuncture learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mao Huijuan , Wang Linang , Qin Meng , Wei Jianzi , Liu Sheng
Published: December 2021

Objective:

Students have had to adapt to a “new normal” of online education at home during the COVID-19 pandemic. This poses a considerable challenge to the conduct of online acupuncture courses. Here, we provide our experience and guidance for conducting an online experimental acupuncture course during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to compare the different perceptions of undergraduates to the educational environment between online and face-to-face learning approaches.

Methods:

This study included senior undergraduates majoring in acupuncture during the academic years 2015 (face-to-face) and 2020 (online only) for the Experimental Acupuncture course. A survey was conducted at the end of this course. The Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire was used to assess students’ perceptions. The results of students’ responses to online learning were compared with those assessed for face-to-face learning.

Results:

In total, 56/70 (80%) students in 2015 and 49/54 (91%) students in 2020 completed the questionnaire, respectively. Total DREEM scores were higher in the online learning group than in the face-to-face learning group (160.3 ± 21.9 vs 147.6 ± 17.9, p = 0.007), with improved students’ perceptions on four out of five dimensions (social self-perception, learning, atmosphere and academic self-perception). The positive aspects of their online learning experience included the acquisition of new knowledge and skills. The significant limitations of this course included the lack of practical classes.

Conclusion:

Students’ perceptions regarding the Experimental Acupuncture program were satisfactory for both online and face-to-face learning approaches, but even better with online learning. Online learning may be encouraged in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) education. However, a combination of face-to-face and online methods is likely to be required to maximize the benefits. We hope that our online Experimental Acupuncture program practices may assist in the development of online curricula for acupuncture during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Intensive Teaching: Examining Teachers’ Professional Pressures and Pedagogical Practices at an Elite School
Authors: Atterberry Adrienne Lee
Published: December 2021

This article asks the following questions: What pressures do teachers face from parents and senior administrators? How do the pressures teachers face from parents and senior administrators affect how they teach students? Specifically, how does this affect the methods they engage in to generate ‘good’ student outcomes? It answers these questions by analysing interviews with 24 high school teachers at an elite international school in Bangalore, a city in southwest India. This article argues that the pressures teachers face from senior administrators and parents to produce high-achieving students result in them engaging in intensive teaching practices. These practices represent teachers’ attempts to produce students capable of earning high grades and entrance into competitive colleges and universities. This article extends our understanding of the factors that shape teachers’ pedagogical practices by making explicit connections between affluent parenting practices and the professional roles of teachers at elite schools. As such, this article makes important contributions to the literature on the sociology of education and teaching.
Patient Factors That Influence Reliable Delirium Assessments in a Medical Intensive Care Unit During the Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Back Ji-Sun , Jin Taixian , Jin Huiying , Lee Sun-Mi
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to determine patient and therapeutic characteristics of patients in the medical intensive care unit (MICU) that contribute to inconsistent results of delirium assessments performed during routine clinical practice. Therefore, electronic health records were reviewed and compared with secondary data collected from the same medical ICU patients who were assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method in the ICU (CAM-ICU). Of 5,241 cases involving 762 patients, 827 (15.78%) cases showed disagreement between assessments. Continuous renal replacement therapy, physical restraint use, and altered mental status were factors that increased the likelihood of inconsistencies between assessments. A significant positive correlation was found between the CAM-ICU disagreement rate and the total number of assessments per month. To maximize the reliability of delirium assessments, individual-targeted approaches considering the patient’s level of consciousness and type of treatment implemented are required, along with ensuring a stable, and regulated working environment and customized educational programs.