bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of third wave cognitive behavioural therapies for children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Perkins Amorette M. , Meiser‐Stedman Richard , Spaul Samuel W. , Bowers Gemma , Perkins Abigail G. , Pass Laura
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Third wave cognitive behavioural therapies are increasingly used with children and adolescents. This meta‐analysis aimed to determine the effectiveness of four third‐wave interventions (acceptance and commitment therapy, compassion focused therapy, mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy, and metacognitive therapy) for youth.

Methods

Four electronic databases were used to identify randomized controlled trials, which tested effects related to health, well‐being and functioning. Sensitivity analyses considering study quality were conducted and moderators were explored.

Results

The results based on 50 RCTs meeting inclusion criteria indicated emotional symptoms/internalizing problems (g = −.68, 95% CI −.98 to −.37, k = 43, N = 3265), behavioural difficulties/externalizing problems (g = −.62, 95% CI −1.01 to −.22, k = 23, N = 1659), interference from difficulties (g = −.46, 95% CI −.87 to −.05, k = 21, N = 1786), third wave processes (g = .39, 95% CI .17 to .62, k = 22, N = 1900), wellbeing/flourishing (g = .76, 95% CI .35 to 1.17, k = 21, N = 1303) and physical health/pain (g = .72, 95% CI .01 to 1.44, k = 9, N = 1171) yielded significant effects. Effect for quality of life (g = .62, 95% CI −.08 to 1.31, k = 12, N = 1271) was non‐significant. When analysing only those studies rated moderate‐high quality, third wave interventions yielded significant superiority effects compared to controls for emotional symptoms/internalizing problems (g = −.55, 95% CI −.82 to −.27, k = 28, N = 2110), interference from difficulties (g = −.48, 95% CI −.90 to −.05, k = 21, N = 1605), third wave processes (g = .27, 95% CI .11 to .43, k = 18, N = 1692), well‐being/flourishing (g = .50, 95% CI .18 to .81, k = 16, N = 1063), and quality of life (g = .32, 95% CI .04 to .60, k = 10, N = 1212). Behavioural difficulties/externalizing problems (g = −.38, 95% CI −.86 to .10, k = 15, N = 1351) and physical health/pain (g = .52, 95% CI −.14 to 1.17, k = 8, N = 1139) ceased to be significant. Widespread heterogeneity raised concerns about generalizability and follow‐up data was relatively sparse.

Conclusions

This meta‐analysis finds promising results for use of third wave CBT with youth, though the review has limitations.
Asymmetric activation of microglia in the hippocampus drives anxiodepressive consequences of trigeminal neuralgia in rodents
Authors: Chen Li‐Qiang , Lv Xue‐Jing , Guo Qing‐Huan , Lv Su‐Su , Lv Ning , Xu Wen‐Dong , Yu Jin , Zhang Yu‐Qiu
Published: November 2022

Background and Purpose

Patients suffering from trigeminal neuralgia are often accompanied by anxiety and depression. Microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation is involved in the development of neuropathic pain and anxiodepression pathogenesis. Whether and how microglia are involved in trigeminal neuralgia‐induced anxiodepression remains unclear.

Experimental Approach

Unilateral constriction of the infraorbital nerve (CION) was performed to establish trigeminal neuralgia in rat and mouse models. Mechanical allodynia and anxiodepressive‐like behaviours were measured. Optogenetic and pharmacological manipulations were employed to investigate the role of hippocampal microglia in anxiety and depression caused by trigeminal neuralgia.

Key Results

Trigeminal neuralgia activated ipsilateral but not contralateral hippocampal microglia, up‐regulated ipsilateral hippocampal ATP and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) levels, impaired ipsilateral hippocampal long‐term potentiation (LTP) and induced anxiodepressive‐like behaviours in a time‐dependent manner in rodents. Pharmacological or optogenetic inhibition of ipsilateral hippocampal microglia completely blocked trigeminal neuralgia‐induced anxiodepressive‐like behaviours. Activation of unilateral hippocampal microglia directly elicited an anxiodepressive state and impaired hippocampal LTP. Knockdown of ipsilateral hippocampal P2X7 receptors prevented trigeminal neuralgia‐induced microglial activation and anxiodepressive‐like behaviours. Furthermore, we demonstrated that microglia‐derived IL‐1β mediated microglial activation‐induced anxiodepressive‐like behaviours and LTP impairment.

Conclusion and Implications

These findings suggest that priming of microglia with ATP/P2X7 receptors in the ipsilateral hippocampus drives pain‐related anxiodepressive‐like behaviours via IL‐1β. An asymmetric role of the bilateral hippocampus in trigeminal neuralgia‐induced anxiety and depression was uncovered. The approaches targeting microglia and P2X7 signalling might offer novel therapies for trigeminal neuralgia‐related anxiety and depressive disorder.
Translation, cross‐cultural adaptation, validity and reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of Activity Scale for Kids questionnaire
Authors: de Oliveira Vanessa Gonçalves Coutinho , Balau Laura Cardoso , Arrebola Lucas Simões , Young Nancy Lynn , Yi Liu Chiao
Published: November 2022

Background

The Activity Scale for Kids (ASK) assesses the physical disability of children (5 to 15 years old) with neurological, orthopaedic or rheumatic diseases. The objective of this study was to translate and cross‐culturally adapt the ASK for Brazilian Portuguese and assess the validity and reliability of the instrument.

Methods

A total of 67 children and adolescents with musculoskeletal, neurological or rheumatic diseases participated in the study. We evaluated the comprehension of the pre‐final version of the questionnaire in 24 participants and reliability and validity in the other 43 participants. The translation and adaptation of ASK to Brazilian Portuguese followed guidelines from previous studies. The validity of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the ASK was verified through Spearman's correlation with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ Version 4.0 (PedQL). Intraclass correlation coefficient verified inter‐ and intra‐evaluator reliability, while internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Scores were used to assess the standard error of the mean and minimal detectable change.

Results

The Brazilian Portuguese version of the ASK presented excellent reliability, internal consistency, agreement and moderate correlation with PedsQL (0.522, P < 0.001) between ASK performance and PedsQL; 0.537, P < 0.001 between ASK capacity and PedsQL.

Conclusion

The Brazilian Portuguese version of the ASK has good validity and reliability and may be used by professionals and researchers to assess the functioning of children and adolescents with disabilities.
Overlooked complication of Cushing's syndrome: Reactivation of hepatitis B
Authors: Barlas Tugba , Yalcin Mehmet Muhittin , Ozger Hasan Selcuk , Altinova Alev Eroglu , Akturk Mujde , Toruner Fusun Balos , Karakoc Ayhan , Yetkin Ilhan
Published: November 2022

Objective

Individuals infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) are at increased risk of reactivation when they receive immunosuppressive therapies. Although exogenous corticosteroid use as immunosuppressive therapy is elaborated in current guidelines on HBV reactivation, Cushing's syndrome (CS) with endogenous hypercortisolemia is not addressed. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of HBV infection and discuss the necessity of antiviral prophylaxis in patients with CS as in other immunosuppressed patients.

Design and Patients

We included 72 patients with CS (Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) dependent or independent) who were screened for HBV between 2016 and 2021. Patients were categorized into three groups: overt, mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS), and remission according to the cortisol burden. Changes in patients' HBV serology and clinical findings over time were analyzed retrospectively.

Results

Twenty‐six patients had overt hypercortisolism, 18 had mild autonomous cortisol secretion and 28 patients were in remission. Nineteen (26.3%) patients were anti‐HBc IgG positive, 4 of them were chronic HBV and 15 were isolated anti‐HBc IgG positive. HBsAg was positive in four (5.5%) of the patients, who were all compatible with inactive chronic HBV. While two patients developed HBV reactivation, HBV flare was observed in one patient.

Conclusion

Since it is not always possible to achieve rapid remission in CS and these patients have long‐term hypercortisolemia, we suggest that consensus should be reached on HBV serological assessment, standardization of follow‐up, and planning of HBV prophylaxis in required instances in patients with CS especially in regions with a high prevalence of HBV infection.
Interface change in early mycosis fungoides: A potential mimicker of benign dermatoses
Authors: Tsang Matthew , McNiff Jennifer M.
Published: November 2022

Background

Histopathologic features of interface dermatitis can occasionally be seen in mycosis fungoides (MF), particularly in early patch‐stage disease.

Materials and Methods

We identified six patients with MF whose early biopsy specimens showed such prominent interface dermatitis that a benign diagnosis was favored. All subsequent specimens were reviewed for these patients, and the histopathologic evolution of disease was documented. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD30, and CD123 was performed retrospectively. Educational archives were reviewed to assess the incidence of interface dermatitis in biopsies otherwise diagnostic of MF.

Results

A spectrum of vacuolar and lichenoid patterns of interface change was observed in this series of six patients eventually diagnosed as having MF, and was seen as a recurring pattern in multiple specimens over time. In retrospect, findings described in early MF such as lining up of lymphocytes along the dermal–epidermal junction within the basal layer, papillary dermal fibrosis, and intraepidermal lymphocyte atypia could be appreciated to varying degrees in the confounding specimens. CD123 was negative in all cases, putatively excluding a connective tissue disease (CTD). None of the early biopsies showed loss of pan‐T antigens CD2, CD5, and CD7. Forty‐six of 164 cases (28%) of MF in an archival study set showed varying degrees of interface dermatitis in the setting of otherwise diagnostic changes of MF.

Conclusions

Early MF can show prominent interface change and mimic inflammatory dermatoses. Histopathologic clues suggestive of MF should be carefully assessed, and IHC for CD123 may be helpful in distinguishing MF from CTD. Repeat biopsies over time may be necessary to arrive at a definitive diagnosis, in conjunction with ancillary studies and strong clinicopathologic correlation.
Cannabis use, risk behaviours and harms in Brazil: A comprehensive review of available data indicators
Authors: Daldegan‐Bueno Dimitri , Lindner Sheila R. , Kovaleski Douglas , Fischer Benedikt
Published: November 2022

Issues

Cannabis use and related health/social outcome indicator data for Brazil—where non‐medical cannabis is generally illegal—are limited.

Approach

Towards a comprehensive overview of relevant indicators, we searched primary databases by combining MeSH‐index terms related to cannabis, geographic location and subtopic terms (e.g., use, health, mortality) focusing on cannabis use and key outcome indicators in Brazil since 2010. In addition, relevant ‘grey literature’ (e.g., survey reports) was identified. Key indicator data were mainly narratively summarised.

Key Findings

Overall, cannabis use has increased somewhat since pre‐2010, with (past‐year) use rates measured at 2–3% for general population adults, yet 5% or higher among youth and/or (e.g., post‐secondary) student populations. For key risk behaviours, the presence of tetrahydrocannabinol‐positivity among motor‐vehicle drivers has been measured at <2%. While the prevalence of cannabis use disorder appears to have decreased, the relative proportion of treatment provided for cannabis‐related problems increased. National‐ and local‐based studies indicated an association of cannabis use with mental health harms, including depression and suicidality. Although some non‐representative and/or local studies contain information, other monitoring data, including cannabis‐related risks and harms (e.g., cannabis‐related driving, mortality, hospitalisations), are limited in availability.

Implications and Conclusion

The prevalence of cannabis use in Brazil is comparably low (e.g., relative to elsewhere in the Americas). Data on numerous key cannabis‐related indicators is absent, or limited in scope for Brazil. Considering ongoing evolutions in cannabis control and its status as the most common illicit drug, more comprehensive surveillance of cannabis use and related outcomes is advised.
Subcellular compartmentalization of STIM1 for the distinction of Darier disease from Hailey‐Hailey disease
Authors: Stanisz Hedwig , Mitteldorf Christina , Janning Helena , Bennemann Anette , Schön Michael P. , Frank Jorge
Published: November 2022

Background and objectives

Darier disease (DD) and Hailey‐Hailey disease (HHD) are rare disorders caused by mutations in the ATPase, Sarcoplasmic/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Transporting 2 (ATP2A2) and ATPase Ca2+ Transporting Type 2C, Member 1 (ATP2C1) gene, respectively, which lead to a disturbance of calcium metabolism in keratinocytes. Clinically, this is reflected by an impairment of keratinization. Histologically, acantholysis with variable degrees of dyskeratosis and parakeratosis is observed. Both diseases can usually be differentiated clinically, histopathologically and genetically. However, their routine distinction might be challenging since some patients do not harbor ATP2A2 or ATP2C1 mutations. To solve this diagnostic challenge, we studied the differential expression of two proteins of store‐operated calcium entry (SOCE), stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and calcium release‐activated calcium modulator 1 (ORAI1), by immunohistochemistry.

Patients and methods

Five individuals with ambiguous diagnostic findings and eight controls with an unambiguous diagnosis were studied clinically, histologically, genetically, and by immunohistochemistry for STIM1 and ORAI1.

Results

DD patients consistently showed a cytoplasmic STIM1 expression while patients with HHD revealed a membrane‐associated staining pattern. In contrast, ORAI1 did not show a differential expression pattern.

Conclusions

Our data suggest subcellular compartmentalization of STIM1 as novel biomarker for the distinction of the two disorders.
Education, Instrumentality, and the Lessons of Useless Art
Authors: Ruitenberg Claudia
Published: November 2022

In this article, Claudia Ruitenberg argues that the debate for or against instrumentalism in education is less fruitful than (a) a debate about the ends worth striving for, regardless of whether education is the best means to that end; and (b) a debate about the educational practices that are currently valued in and of themselves, regardless of whether these will turn out to serve other ends in the future. Using examples from visual art and examining arguments for and against “art for art's sake” and “education for education's sake,” Ruitenberg argues that education designed for instrumental purposes is already infected by a certain uselessness, while education that supposedly serves no purpose outside of itself “suffers” from a certain usefulness.
Heidegger's Hammer: Ontology, Aesthetics, and the Instrumental in Education
Authors: Szkudlarek Tomasz
Published: November 2022

In the context of the ongoing debate on the ontology of education, where instrumentally defined functions and aims are seen as external to what education is and the focus is on defining “the educational,” Tomasz Szkudlarek explores a reverse route in an attempt to see, first, what is “the instrumental” before asking how it operates in education. He assumes that instrumentality may be an ontological phenomenon if we adopt a relational ontology where “things” are always and essentially related to other things, also functionally and instrumentally. To examine this path, Szkudlarek starts with Martin Heidegger's understanding of tools, also in its radicalized version proposed by Graham Harman, and contrasts their conceptions with the phenomenology of tools focusing on their aesthetic value. Through this juxtaposition, educational instrumentality appears as more complex and problematic than much of the current critique assumes, and tools appear as active and seductive elements of the educational.
Reframing Education Beyond the Bounds of Strong instrumentalism: Educational Practices, Sensory Experience, and Relational Aesthetics
Authors: Todd Sharon
Published: November 2022

In this contribution, Sharon Todd moves beyond the bounds of what she calls “strong” instrumentalism (one that posits education in a mechanistic fashion and operates politically through a marrying of national educational policies with economic interests) and explores the intrinsic purpose of educational practice specifically through an aesthetic lens. Todd considers how two art projects by the feminist art collective Sisters Hope offer a way of theorizing instrumentalism in a “weak” sense — that is, an instrumentalism that sees pedagogical practices not in terms of social function, but as that which gives form to specifically educational (not social or economic) ideas. She does this by drawing parallels between education and art as fields of practice, informed by notions of experience, relation, and formation/transformation. Drawing on John Dewey's aesthetics and Nicolas Bourriaud's relational aesthetics, Todd argues how these notions are central to an understanding of “weak” instrumentalism in education.
The Destruction of a Great Idea: Public Education and the Politics of Instrumentalism
Authors: Säfström Carl Anders
Published: November 2022

This article explores the erosion of public education as a project of democratization. It locates this erosion in the neoliberal world order that has redefined our understanding of schooling the democratic citizen in terms of developing market assets. In it, Carl Anders Säfström investigates specifically how this shift is apparent in the ways in which schooling operates and demonstrates how education itself stands in stark contrast to this view of schooling's function. The need to revitalize education and teaching as means to further equality in society derives from the inequality that neoliberal schooling produces and that is undermining the democratic character of reputedly democratic orders. Teaching liveable life, Säfström concludes, means to verify equality in situations otherwise defined by inequality and, by this means, to expand who can be seen as belonging to democratic public life. His critique of political instrumentalism shows how late capitalism's neoliberal market ideology is systematically linked with schooling and results in the institutionalization of this ideology.
Artificial light affects the foraging behavior in greater white‐toothed shrews (CROCIDURA RUSSULA)
Authors: Aparício Guilherme , Carrilho Maílis , Oliveira Flávio , Mathias Maria da Luz , Tapisso Joaquim T. , von Merten Sophie
Published: November 2022

Light pollution is one of the forms by which human‐induced alterations are changing natural environments. Artificial light at night (ALAN) has been increasing over the past decades and it is already known that ALAN can have a major influence on the ecology, behavior, and physiology of different taxa. Nocturnal small mammals are particularly vulnerable, as ALAN can increase their predation risk while foraging. The aim of this study was to investigate foraging strategies under different light conditions in a nocturnal small insectivore, the greater white‐toothed shrew (Crocidura russula). Compared with rodents, shrews have a higher metabolic rate and thus present a good model for a foraging study. In three laboratory experiments with wild‐caught shrews we tested (i) food preference under dark conditions as well as the effect of different light conditions on (ii) foraging strategies and (iii) food choice. The results showed that shrews had a clear food preference under dark conditions. They also preferred to forage under dark over light conditions when presented with the same food in both conditions. However, when presented with the choice of foraging their preferred food under illuminated conditions or a lower food quality in the dark, the food preference of shrews overruled their preference for feeding in the dark. It seems that food preference, rather than risk perception, is the main driver determining the foraging strategy of the greater white‐toothed shrews. This study suggests that ALAN does not necessarily prevent high‐metabolic nocturnal insectivores from achieving their energetic needs, which might help explain their persistence in urban environments.
Fishing for biodiversity by balanced harvesting
Authors: Law Richard , Plank Michael J.
Published: November 2022

Fisheries are damaging and seemingly incompatible with the conservation of marine ecosystems. Yet fish are an important source of food and support the lives of many people in coastal communities. This paper considers an idea that a moderate intensity of fishing, appropriately scaled across species, could help in maintaining biodiversity, rather than reducing it. The scaling comes from an intuition that rates of fishing mortality of species should be kept in line with production rates of the species, a notion known as balanced harvesting. This places species conservation and exploitation on an equal footing in a single equation, showing quantitatively the relative levels of fishing mortality that species of different abundance can support. Using a dynamic model of a marine ecosystem, we give numerical evidence showing for the first time that fishing, if scaled in this way, can protect rarer species, while allowing some exploitation of species with greater production. This works because fishing mortality rates, when scaled by production, are density‐dependent. Such fishing, operating adaptively to follow species' production rates over time, contains a feedback that would help to protect species from overfishing in the presence of uncertainty about how marine ecosystems work.
A comprehensive review and analysis of Masing/non‐Masing behavior of materials under fatigue
Authors: Yadav Sanjeev Singh , Roy Samir Chandra , Goyal Sunil
Published: November 2022

Over the last 50 years, many researchers have contributed significantly towards understanding the Masing/non‐Masing behavior of materials. However, there has been no review article or scientific report published to date that highlights the progress made in this domain. This article presents a state‐of‐the‐art comprehensive review and analysis of the Masing/non‐Masing behavior of materials under low cycle fatigue loading. Understanding of Masing/non‐Masing behavior is important for the development of fatigue‐resistant materials, prediction of fatigue life, and constitutive modeling and simulation. The influence of various factors such as stacking fault energy, temperature, strain amplitude, and loading conditions on Masing/non‐Masing behavior has been summarized in this article. The literature pertaining to the internal microstructural changes observed in different materials by various researchers has been collected and compiled. The different methods of analyzing Masing/non‐Masing behavior reported in the open literature are assessed and presented. The importance/significance of Masing/non‐Masing behavior in constitutive modeling and fatigue life prediction has also been highlighted. Finally, conclusions based on the review and the potential problems required to be resolved in the future are also pointed out.
The administration of justice in Wales during the long eighteenth century
Authors: Walliss John
Published: November 2022

While the last four‐and‐a‐half decades has seen a growing body of historical scholarship on the administration of justice in England during the long eighteenth century, the administration of justice in Wales is a relatively neglected topic. This article reviews the relatively small historiography on the administration of justice in Georgian Wales, highlighting the ways in which patterns of indictments, convictions and executions were both similar and, crucially, different to those found in England during the period. After introducing the superior courts in the Principality during this period—the Wales Courts of Great Sessions ‐ the article discusses the patterns of indictments, convictions and executions in the Great Sessions. The article then concludes by suggesting avenues of further research in the area.
“Does this setting really fit with me?”: How support for group‐based social hierarchies predicts a higher perceived misfit in hierarchy‐attenuating settings
Authors: Aiello Antonio , Tesi Alessio
Published: November 2022

The present study is aimed at testing if blatant support for group‐based hierarchies (i.e., social dominance orientation‐dominance [SDO‐D]) was related to the level of future perceived person−environment (P−E) misfit when people meet an environment characterized by a culture that strongly supports antidominant values (i.e., hierarchy‐attenuating organization). A total of 106 students of a social work faculty—a typical hierarchy‐attenuating context—voluntarily participated and filled an anonymous questionnaire on two‐time occasions in which we measured their SDO‐D and their perceived P−E misfit. Although the SDO‐D and P−E misfit levels were, on average, relatively low, a cross‐lagged panel analysis revealed that SDO‐D was positively associated with future levels of P−E misfit measured 6 months later, while no evidence of association was found for the opposite. The present study contributes to broadening the interweaving of social dominance theory and the P−E fit. It reveals that the more people support social hierarchies, the more they will experience a greater P−E misfit in a hierarchy‐attenuating context. The misfit feeling appears to develop over time; it grows based on people's awareness of the hierarchy‐attenuating functioning of the organization and is boosted by their SDO‐D levels. The results also underline that the perceived P−E misfit does not influence future SDO‐D levels, supporting the notion that SDO‐D is a rather stable individual difference.
The European Parliament and Gender Equality: An Analysis of Achievements Based on the Concept of Power
Authors: Ahrens Petra , Meier Petra , Agustín Lise Rolandsen
Published: November 2022

The European Parliament (EP) as one of the key institutions of the European Union has gained considerable powers over time and often presents itself as a constant gender equality promoter. Whilst gender equality in the EP tended to be analysed in terms of women's descriptive, substantive and symbolic representation, this article shifts the focus to the concept of power itself in assessing gender equality achievements in and through the EP. Applying Amy Allen's conceptualization of power as power to, power over and power with to a critical reading of recent literature, it explores who can exercise power over what in the EP and the consequences for gender equality. The article challenges the EP as a unified gender equality actor and highlights its highly gendered nature in which power over and power to are intertwined, with power to occurring without power over and power with unfolding through alliances and coalitions.
Differential associations of rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis or tooth loss: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hussein Mai , Farag Youssef M. K. , Sonis Stephen
Published: November 2022

Aim

To study the association between periodontitis, tooth loss, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by using a large national dataset.

Materials and Methods

An observational cross‐sectional study was performed using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles (2009–2014). RA status was detected using a questionnaire. Periodontal status was assigned on the basis of the clinical attachment level and periodontal pocket depth. Dentition status was assessed by the number of permanent teeth observed. We examined the association between RA as exposure and moderate/severe periodontitis and non‐functional dentition as outcomes. We progressively adjusted our models for different sets of potential confounders.

Results

Moderate/severe periodontitis was more prevalent in participants reporting RA (53% vs. 41.5%, p = .0003). Non‐functional dentition was more prevalent in participants with RA (41% vs. 15.5%, p = .0001). The fully adjusted model showed that participants with RA had higher odds of having non‐functional dentition (odds ratio 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–2.3, p = .0001) but no association with moderate/severe periodontitis (prevalence ratio 1.01, 95% CI 0.9–1.1, p = .9).

Conclusion

RA was associated with a higher likelihood of having non‐functional dentition but did not show any association with periodontitis after adjusting for the risk factors to control their confounding effect.
Changes in fetal intracranial anatomy during maternal pregestational and gestational diabetes
Authors: Ekin Atalay , Sever Barış
Published: November 2022

Aim

To evaluate the changes in fetal intracranial structures in pregnant women with pregestational diabetes mellitus (DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods

The study was conducted prospectively with patients who were grouped as pregestational DM (n = 110), GDM (n = 110), and control (n = 110). Fetal ultrasonographic measurements of widths of posterior lateral ventricles (PLV), cavum septum pellucidi (CSP), cisterna magna (CM), thalamus and transcerebellar diameter (TCD) were recorded and compared.

Results

Fetal PLV, CSP, and CM widths were higher in pregestational DM and GDM groups than in control group, and also higher in pregestational DM group compared to GDM group (p < 0.001). Fetal TCD in the PGDM group was found to be less than both control and GDM groups (p < 0.001). No difference was found between three groups in terms of fetal thalamus size (p = 0.801). Fetal PLV, CSP, and CM values were positively correlated with maternal hyperglycemia, fetal abdominal circumference (AC), and deepest vertical pocket of amniotic fluid (DVP) (p < 0.001). Fetal TCD was negatively correlated with HbA1c and DVP (p = 0.002, p = 0.38, respectively). The optimal cut‐off points to identify pregestational DM and GDM were 5.55 and 5.83 mm for PLV, 5.83 and 6.32 mm for CSP, and 7.26 and 6.62 mm for CM.

Conclusion

Maternal hyperglycemia was significantly associated with an increase in the widths of fetal PLV, CSP, and CM and a decrease in fetal TCD.
Treatment outcomes in patients with globus: A randomized control trial of psychoeducation, neuromodulators, and proton pump inhibitors
Authors: Poovipirom Natthanan , Ratta‐apha Woraphat , Maneerattanaporn Monthira , Geeratragool Tanawat , Chuenprapai Pritsana , Leelakusolvong Somchai
Published: November 2022

Background

Globus is a persistent or intermittent nonpainful sensation of a lump or foreign body, which markedly affect patient's quality of life. Treatment options for globus are limited and unsatisfying. This study aims to compare the effects of cognitive‐behavioral‐theory‐based psychoeducation (CBT), neuromodulators (NMD), and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) on treatment outcomes in patients with globus.

Methods

Eligible patients were randomly received CBT, 0.5 mg flupenthixol and 10 mg melitracen; NMD, or omeprazole 20 mg; PPI, for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the reduction in symptom scores; Glasgow Edinburgh Throat Scale (GETS). The secondary endpoints included treatment efficacy on Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), and quality of life (QoL) based on a 36‐item short‐form health survey (SF‐36). Treatment compliance and adverse effects were recorded.

Key Results

Forty patients were completed study. Baseline characteristics between the groups were comparable. By the end of treatment, both CBT and NMD provided greater reduction in GETS than PPI (CBT vs PPI; 6.46 ± 8.56 vs 0.21 ± 5.42;p = 0.031, NMD vs PPI; 6.92 ± 9.85 vs 0.21 ± 5.42;p = 0.036). The improvement of RSI, HADS, and SF‐36 among the groups was similar. Neuromodulators caused more adverse events.

Conclusions & Inferences

Both CBT and NMD provided equally effective treatment and better than PPI in patients with globus determined by the reduction in GETS. The improvement in RSI, HADS, and QoL of the three groups was not different. Given less of adverse effect than NMD, CBT should be considered as a substantial treatment.
Induced Membrane Technique for the Management of Segmental Femoral Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Individual Participant Data
Authors: Lu Yi , Lai Chih‐Yang , Lai Po‐Ju , Yu Yi‐Hsun
Published: November 2022

Several modifications of the induced membrane technique (IMT) have been reported, but there is no consensus regarding their results and prognosis. Moreover, most studies have focused on tibial defects; no meta‐analysis of the treatment of femoral defects using the IMT has been reported. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to identify the potential risk factors of post‐procedural complications following the treatment of segmental femoral defects using the IMT. A comprehensive search was performed on the Cochrane Library, EBSCO, EMBASE, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, using the keywords “femur,” “Masquelet technique,” and “induced membrane technique.” Original articles composed in English, having accessible individual patient data, and reporting more than two cases of bony defect or nonunion of femur or more than five cases of any body part were included. Post‐procedural bone graft infections, final union status, and union time after second‐stage operation were analyzed. Fourteen reports, including 90 patients, were used in this study. External fixation in second‐stage surgery had an odds ratio of 9.267 for post‐procedural bone graft infection (p = 0.047). The odds ratio of post‐procedural bone graft infection and age >65 years for final non‐union status was 51.05 (p = 0.003) and 9.18 (p = 0.042). Shorter union time was related to impregnated antibiotics in the spacer (p = 0.005), transplanting all‐autologous grafts (p = 0.042), and the application of intramedullary nails as the second‐stage fixation method (p = 0.050). The IMT appears to be reasonable and reproducible for femoral segmental bone defects. Several preoperative and surgical factors may affect post‐procedural complications and union time.
Improvement of dermatological symptoms in patients with Bachmann–Bupp syndrome using difluoromethylornithine treatment
Authors: Afrin Antara , Afshan Tonia S. , VanSickle Elizabeth A. , Michael Julianne , Laarman Rachel L. , Bupp Caleb P.
Published: November 2022

Bachmann–Bupp syndrome (OMIM #619075) is a novel autosomal dominant disorder caused by variants in the c‐terminus of the ornithine decarboxylase 1 gene, resulting in increased levels of ornithine decarboxylase. This case report includes two patients diagnosed with Bachmann–Bupp syndrome who were treated with difluoromethylornithine through compassionate use approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration. In both patients, treatment with difluoromethylornithine has resulted in improved dermatologic signs, including regrowth of eyebrow and scalp hair and cessation of recurrent follicular cyst development.
Does covenant marriage predict latent trajectory groups of newlywed couples?
Authors: Su Tom , Ledermann Thomas , Fincham Frank
Published: November 2022

Covenant marriage is a legally distinct marriage license available in Arizona, Louisiana, and Arkansas in the United States. This study revisited one of the largest longitudinal dyadic studies on covenant versus standard newlywed couples. Using this dataset of 677 different‐sex couples, we explored whether being in a covenant marriage could predict how marital satisfaction developed over the first five marital years. We applied the Growth Mixture Modeling (GMM) method to identify groups that differed in their initial marital satisfaction and trajectory. The results revealed three different trajectory groups—one group showing high and stable marital satisfaction, which we named High Stable, and two groups showing declines in marital satisfaction, one being medium and the other one being low in satisfaction at the beginning of the marriage, and we named them Medium Declining and Low Declining respectively. Spouses with lower initial marital satisfaction experienced a faster decline and suffered the highest divorce rate. Actor‐Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) analysis revealed that one's group membership was predicted by their partner's membership, suggesting a mutual influence on marital development. Being in a covenant marriage was able to predict husbands' membership as covenant husbands were found to be more likely in the high stable group.
No “Easy” Answers to Ontological Category Questions
Authors: Flocke Vera , Ritchie Katherine
Published: November 2022

Easy Ontologists, most notably Thomasson (2015), argue that ontological questions are shallow. They think that these questions can either be answered by using our ordinary conceptual competence—of course tables exist!—or are meaningless, or else should be answered through conceptual re‐engineering. Ontology thus is “easy”, requiring no distinctively metaphysical investigation. This paper raises a two‐stage objection to Easy Ontology. We first argue that questions concerning which entities exist are inextricably bound up with “ontological category questions”, which are questions concerning the identity of and differences between kinds of entities. We then argue that ontological category questions do not have trivial answers, are meaningful, and cannot be answered through conceptual re‐engineering. Easy Ontology hence does not constitute a comprehensive ontological methodology. While some of ontology might be easy, category questions form a central part of ontology and are not answered easily.
Consent, Sovereignty, and Pluralism: Harold Laski's Doctrine of Allegiance in British Legal Philosophy
Authors: Puggioni Pier Giuseppe
Published: November 2022

This paper analyses the intertwinement of legal philosophy and political theory in the British intellectual framework between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with specific regard to Harold Laski's works. I will try to illustrate the transition from 19th‐century utilitarianism to H. L. A. Hart and Isaiah Berlin as evolving through important debates which include Laski's contribution. I will argue that a discussion of “juridical” obligation, i.e., the conditions of legal validity, may lie implicitly in these concerns that Laski and other early 20th‐century British authors had about “political” obligation—viz., about the nature of the state and its claim to obedience. By approaching Laski's theories and their genealogy through a legal‐philosophical perspective, I will contend that this debate about political obligation anticipates to a considerable extent some of the most renowned conceptions of obligation in 20th‐century British legal theory.
Transient increases in glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) activity occur in neonatal foals
Authors: Hoffman Martha , Cheong Soon Hon , Stokol Tracy
Published: November 2022

Background

Liver analyte measurement is important in the evaluation of sick animals. Liver injury in horses is recognized by increased glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, whereas biliary pathology is identified by increased alkaline phosphatase and γ‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities or bilirubin concentrations. We have observed high GLDH, but not SDH, activities in neonatal foals admitted for conditions other than liver disease. Only one previous study have evaluated GLDH activity over time in healthy neonatal foals; however, SDH activity was not measured.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate changes in liver analytes in neonatal foals over time.

Methods

We measured serum liver analytes (GLDH, SDH, GGT, AST, total, direct, and indirect bilirubin) and creatine kinase activity of 11 clinically healthy foals before and at various times after suckling until 46 days of age. Analytes were also measured in colostrum and mare serum.

Results

Median GLDH activities increased after birth to peak at 3‐4 days of age (106 U/L, reference interval, 0‐8 U/L). Median SDH activities had a lower peak at 3‐4 days (15 U/L, reference interval, 0‐11 U/L) and were frequently discordant with GLDH. There was no association between foal and mare serum or colostral enzyme activities. AST activity plateaued at 5‐6 days, whereas GGT activity and total and indirect bilirubin concentrations peaked at 14 and 3‐4 days of age, respectively.

Conclusions

Transient increases in GLDH, SDH, and GGT activities and total and indirect bilirubin concentrations occur in clinically healthy neonatal foals and do not necessarily indicate relevant liver disease.
Sperm phylogeny of Characidae (Teleostei, Characiformes)
Authors: Mirande Juan Marcos , Baicere‐Silva Clarianna M. , Santana Júlio C. O. , Quagio‐Grassiotto Irani
Published: November 2022

The phylogeny of the very diverse Neotropical fish family Characidae has been the subject of several recent contributions based on morphological characters, molecular data or both in combined analyses. In cases of conflict between these kinds of data, resolution by combined analyses most often tends to agree with the molecular evidence, given the disproportionate number of characters it contains in comparison with morphological datasets. This happens especially after the advent of massive DNA sequencing methods. In this contribution, we present the most comprehensive set of characters from sperm and spermiogenesis of the Characidae. Since these traits are not expected to be functionally correlated with the general morphology or molecular markers, we consider them a third source of data. We provide a phylogenetic analysis from a combined dataset of seven molecular markers (6444 characters), general morphology (520 characters) and reproductive features (94 characters) coded for 165 species of characiform fishes. Parsimony analyses were done under extended implied weighting under 30 different combinations of weighting schemes and strengths. Most parsimonious trees from two different weighting conditions were selected as representative samples of the obtained topologies, in order to evaluate the performance of the reproductive characters. One of these hypotheses is more conservative regarding the currently accepted phylogenies and the other is the most parsimonious tree that we found as the best correlated with the morphological data. Reproductive characters are shown to be more homoplastic than general morphology and DNA, but provided synapomorphies for 23–24 nodes that had no morphological synapomorphies, justifying their use in phylogenetic analyses. Also, in combination with data from general morphology and considering details of the phylogenetic analysis, they showed to have the potential to challenge well‐established hypotheses based on molecular data.
Curve classes on Calabi–Yau complete intersections in toric varieties
Authors: Skauli Bjørn
Published: November 2022

We prove the integral Hodge conjecture for curve classes on smooth varieties of dimension at least three constructed as a complete intersection of ample hypersurfaces in a smooth projective toric variety, such that the anticanonical divisor is the restriction of a nef divisor. In particular, this includes the case of smooth anticanonical hypersurfaces in toric Fano varieties. In fact, using results of Casagrande and the toric minimal model program, we prove that in each case, is generated by classes of rational curves.
Hodge theory for elliptic curves and the Hopf element ν$\nu$
Authors: Devalapurkar Sanath K.
Published: November 2022

We show that the vector bundle on the moduli stack of elliptic curves associated to the 2‐cell complex is isomorphic to the de Rham cohomology sheaf of the universal elliptic curve . We use this to calculate the homotopy groups of the ‐quotient of by , called the spectrum of ‘topological quasimodular forms’, by relating its Adams–Novikov spectral sequence to the cohomology of the moduli stack of cubic curves with a chosen splitting of the Hodge–de Rham filtration.
Lift Computation Through Crossflow Measurement Behind a Rectangular Semiwing in Ground Effect
Authors: Lin G. , Lee T.
Published: November 2022

The lift force of a rectangular semiwing in stationary ground effect was computed based on the spanwise circulation distribution inferred from wake crossflow measurement and was compared with the direct force balance data at Re = 2.48 × 105. The lift calculated was found to be in good agreement with the force-balance measurement for ground distances h larger than 10% of the airfoil chord c. In close ground proximity (h/c ≤ 10%), a large discrepancy however existed due to the appearance of a multiple vortex system consisting of a tip vortex, a corotating ground vortex, and a counter-rotating secondary vortex. The counter-rotating secondary vortex offset the vorticity of the tip vortex. By considering its contribution additive, the discrepancy observed between the lift forces computed and measured with the force balance in close ground proximity became marginal. The impact of ground effect on lift-induced drag was also discussed.
On inference of quantization from gravitationally induced entanglement
Authors: Fragkos Vasileios , Kopp Michael , Pikovski Igor
Published: November 2022

Observable signatures of the quantum nature of gravity at low energies have recently emerged as a promising new research field. One prominent avenue is to test for gravitationally induced entanglement between two mesoscopic masses prepared in spatial superposition. Here, we analyze such proposals and what one can infer from them about the quantum nature of gravity as well as the electromagnetic analogues of such tests. We show that it is not possible to draw conclusions about mediators: even within relativistic physics, entanglement generation can equally be described in terms of mediators or in terms of non-local processes—relativity does not dictate a local channel. Such indirect tests, therefore, have limited ability to probe the nature of the process establishing the entanglement as their interpretation is inherently ambiguous. We also show that cosmological observations already demonstrate some aspects of quantization that these proposals aim to test. Nevertheless, the proposed experiments would probe how gravity is sourced by spatial superpositions of matter, an untested new regime of quantum physics.
Acoustic analysis of spatiotemporal variability in children with childhood apraxia of speech
Authors: Vuolo Janet , Wisler Alan
Published: November 2022

Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a pediatric neurological motor speech disorder characterized by impaired speech execution in the absence of neuromuscular deficits. Children with CAS show distinct speech features, including sequencing, coarticulation, and prosodic deficits, compared to children with other speech disorders. The core deficit in CAS is at the level of planning and programming the precise spatiotemporal parameters of movement sequences necessary to produce natural-sounding speech. This study will investigate spatiotemporal variability in children with CAS compared to children with typical development (TD) using the acoustic spatiotemporal index (aSTI). The aSTI measures spatiotemporal variability in the amplitude envelope of speech sounds across multiple repetitions of an utterance; higher aSTI values reflect higher movement variability. In the current project, children with CAS and TD were recruited nationally to participate in an online study investigating language and motor skills. Children produced 10 repetitions of “Buy Bobby a puppy” and “Mom pets the puppy”; we analyzed these two sentences using the aSTI. Data from 20 children (CAS = 10; TD = 10), ranging in age from 7- to 12-years-old, will be presented. We predict that children with CAS will show higher aSTI values compared to children with TD.