bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The follicular-phase depot GnRH agonist protocol results in a higher live birth rate without discernible differences in luteal function and child health versus the daily mid-luteal GnRH agonist protocol: a single-centre, retrospective, propensity score matched cohort study
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhao Wenxian , Han Yifan , Chen Xin , Xu Shaoyuan , Hu Yueyue , Diao Honglu , Zhang Changjun
Published: September 2022

Background

The gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) has been used in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycles for a long time. This paper evaluates the efficacy and safety of two commonly used protocols (follicular-phase depot GnRH-a protocol and daily mid-luteal long GnRH-a protocol) in normal responders undergoing IVF/ICSI using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis.

Methods

A total of 6,816 infertile women treated within the period from January 2016 to September 2020 were stratified into cohorts. A total of 2,851 patients received the long-acting group (depot GnRH-a protocol), and 1,193 used the short-acting group (long GnRH-a protocol) after the data-selection process. PSM was utilized for sampling by up to 1:1 nearest neighbour matching to adjust the numerical difference and balance the confounders between groups. The primary outcome was the live birth rate (LBR). Multivariable logistic analysis was used to evaluate the difference between these two protocols in relation to the LBR.

Result(s)

In this study, 1:1 propensity score matching was performed to create a perfect match of 964 patients in each group. After matching, the blastocyst formation rates, oestradiol (E2) value on Day hCG + 9, progesterone (P) value on Day hCG + 9, implantation rates, clinical pregnancy rates, and LBR were more favourable in the depot GnRH-a protocol than in the long GnRH-a protocol (P < 0.05). However, the moderate or severe OHSS rates were higher in the depot group than in the long group (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in endometrial thickness, luteal support medication, early pregnancy loss rates, mid- and late-term pregnancy loss rates, or foetal malformation rates between the two protocols.

Conclusion(s)

Compared with the daily short-acting GnRH agonist protocol, the follicular-phase depot GnRH-a protocol might improve LBRs in normogonadotropic women without discernible differences in luteal function and child health.
Review of potential medical treatments for middle ear cholesteatoma
Authors: Schürmann Matthias , Goon Peter , Sudhoff Holger
Published: September 2022

Middle ear cholesteatoma (MEC), is a destructive, and locally invasive lesion in the middle ear driven by inflammation with an annual incidence of 10 per 100,000. Surgical extraction/excision remains the only treatment strategy available and recurrence is high (up to 40%), therefore developing the first pharmaceutical treatments for MEC is desperately required. This review was targeted at connecting the dysregulated inflammatory network of MEC to pathogenesis and identification of pharmaceutical targets. We summarized the numerous basic research endeavors undertaken over the last 30+ years to identify the key targets in the dysregulated inflammatory pathways and judged the level of evidence for a given target if it was generated by in vitro, in vivo or clinical experiments. MEC pathogenesis was found to be connected to cytokines characteristic for Th1, Th17 and M1 cells. In addition, we found that the inflammation created damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which further promoted inflammation. Similar positive feedback loops have already been described for other Th1/Th17 driven inflammatory diseases (arthritis, Crohn’s disease or multiple sclerosis). A wide-ranging search for molecular targeted therapies (MTT) led to the discovery of over a hundred clinically approved drugs already applied in precision medicine. Based on exclusion criteria designed to enable fast translation as well as efficacy, we condensed the numerous MTTs down to 13 top drugs. The review should serve as groundwork for the primary goal, which is to provide potential pharmaceutical therapies to MEC patients for the first time in history.
A review on exosomes application in clinical trials: perspective, questions, and challenges
Authors: Rezaie Jafar , Feghhi Maryam , Etemadi Tahereh
Published: September 2022

Background

Exosomes are progressively known as significant mediators of cell-to-cell communication. They convey active biomolecules to target cells and have vital functions in several physiological and pathological processes, and show substantial promise as novel treatment strategies for diseases.

Methods

In this review study, we studied numerous articles over the past two decades published on application of exosomes in different diseases as well as on perspective and challenges in this field.

Results

The main clinical application of exosomes are using them as a biomarker, cell-free therapeutic agents, drug delivery carriers, basic analysis for exosome kinetics, and cancer vaccine. Different exosomes from human or plant sources are utilized in various clinical trials. Most researchers used exosomes from the circulatory system for biomarker experiments. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) are two widely held cell sources for exosome use. MSCs-derived exosomes are commonly used for inflammation treatment and drug delivery, while DCs-exosomes are used to induce inflammation response in cancer patients. However, the clinical application of exosomes faces various questions and challenges. In addition, translation of exosome-based clinical trials is required to conform to specific good manufacturing practices (GMP). In this review, we summarize exosomes in the clinical trials according to the type of application and disease. We also address the main questions and challenges regarding exosome kinetics and clinical applications.

Conclusions

Exosomes are promising platforms for treatment of many diseases in clinical trials. This exciting field is developing hastily, understanding of the underlying mechanisms that direct the various observed roles of exosomes remains far from complete and needs further multidisciplinary research in working with these small vesicles.
Prevalence and risk factors of high cholesterol and triglycerides among people with HIV in Texas
Authors: Buendia Justin , Sears Sabeena , Mgbere Osaro
Published: September 2022

Background

People with HIV (PWH) commonly have elevated cholesterol and triglycerides levels that have been linked to medications. However, healthy behaviors including lifestyle changes can lower high cholesterol (CHOL) or high triglycerides (TG), thereby reducing individual risk for cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with high CHOL or TG among PWH in Texas.

Methods

Cross-sectional data of 981 PWH from the 2015–2017 Texas and Houston Medical Monitoring Projects were examined. High CHOL or TG was identified by medical chart diagnosis, CHOL or TG medication use, or most recent fasting lab ≥ 200 mg/dl (total CHOL) or ≥ 150 mg/dl (TG). High CHOL or TG associations with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were assessed using Rao-Scott chi-square tests. Prevalence of high CHOL or TG development was calculated using multivariable logistic regression model.

Results

High CHOL or TG prevalence was 41% with participants being mostly male (73%), ≥ 40 years (68%), with overweight (31%) or obesity (28%), and virally suppressed (62%). Compared with PWH < 40 years of age, PWH in their 40s, 50s, and ≥ 60s were 57%, 64%, and 62% more likely to have high CHOL or TG, respectively. Participants with overweight and obesity were 41% and 30% more likely to have high CHOL or TG than those with normal weight (BMI: 18.5– < 25), respectively.

Conclusion

Since high CHOL and TG are modifiable CVD risk factors, increased education and lifestyle modification interventions are warranted to prevent the development of high CHOL or TG among PWH.
BK and JC polyomaviruses and risk of urothelial bladder carcinoma: a preliminary study in the northern shores of Persian Gulf, Iran
Authors: Taherkhani Reza , Farshadpour Fatemeh
Published: September 2022

Background

Bladder cancer is a challenging public health concern in South of Iran because of its high prevalence and the related medical expenses. Although the exact etiology of bladder cancer remains unknown, given the cell transforming ability and oncogenic potential of the members of Polyomaviridae families, this study was conducted to evaluate the magnitude of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) and John Cunningham polyomavirus (JCPyV) among patients with bladder cancer residents in the northern shores of the Persian Gulf, South of Iran.

Methods

Totally 211 patients with bladder cancer were enrolled in this study. Bladder biopsy samples of these patients and patients with interstitial cystitis as well as autoptic samples of healthy bladder were tested for detection of BKPyV and JCPyV by semi-nested PCR–RFLP followed by sequencing.

Results

BKPyV and JCPyV were detected in 1.7% and 6.1% of bladder cancer samples, respectively. These samples were infected with JCPyV genotypes 2, 3 and 6 and BKPyV genotypes I and IV. BKPyV and JCPyV coinfection was detected in 2 samples. Moreover, one of the healthy bladder samples was positive for BKPyV, and one of the interstitial cystitis samples was positive for JCPyV. Although the majority of infected patients were in the age group 70–79 years, male, residents in Tangestan, stage Ta–T1, and low-grade and high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma, the prevalence of BKPyV and JCPyV among patients with bladder cancer was not statistically associated with age, gender, place of residency, and stage and grade of the tumor.

Conclusion

Despite identifying BKPyV and JCPyV in a number of bladder cancer biopsy specimens and the high prevalence of bladder cancer among people resident in South of Iran, it is suggested that these viruses are unlikely to be effective causative factors in bladder carcinogenesis in this region. Therefore, environmental risk factors and genetic backgrounds may have a more prominent role than human polyomaviruses in the development of bladder cancer in South of Iran.
Associations between perceived stress and health outcomes in adolescents
Authors: Thorsén Frida , Antonson Carl , Palmér Karolina , Berg Rada , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina
Published: September 2022

Background

Adolescents are reporting increasing symptoms of anxiety, depression and somatization and an increase in perceived stress is a plausible explanation. The first aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of perceived stress and health outcomes in adolescents, and to evaluate if there are any sex differences. The second aim was to investigate if there is an association between perceived stress and the health outcomes and, if so, possible gender differences in this association. The third aim was to compare samples of adolescent girls and boys from two different European countries to enhance the generalizability of potential findings.

Methods

The sample included 636 students from Sweden and Bulgaria, aged 15–16, 164 (58% males, 41% females, 1% not specified) from Sweden and 472 (71% males, 28% females, 1% not specified) from Bulgaria. Perceived stress and health outcomes were measured by the 14-item “Perceived Stress Scale” (PSS-14), and a shorter version of the questionnaire "Children and Young People in Skåne" (Folkhälsoenkäten, FHE), respectively. T-test and Chi2and/or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare results between boys and girls from the PSS-14 and health outcomes. The association between PSS and the health outcomes was assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation and comparisons between boys and girls were calculated using linear regression.

Results

There were significant associations between perceived stress and psychiatric symptoms in all groups. Adolescent girls in both Sweden and Bulgaria consistently reported higher levels of perceived stress and more psychiatric and somatic symptoms than the boys.

Conclusions

Evaluating methods for lessening the perception of stress, and their clinical presentation, should be considered in order to reduce the occurrence of psychiatric symptoms in adolescents.
Repurposing of the Malaria Box for Babesia microti in mice identifies novel active scaffolds against piroplasmosis
Authors: Rizk Mohamed Abdo , Baghdadi Hanadi B. , El-Sayed Shimaa Abd El-Salam , Eltaysh Rasha , Igarashi Ikuo
Published: September 2022

Background

An innovative approach has been introduced for identifying and developing novel potent and safe anti-Babesia and anti-Theileria agents for the control of animal piroplasmosis. In the present study, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of Malaria Box (MBox) compounds (n = 8) against the growth of Babesia microti in mice and conducted bioinformatics analysis between the selected hits and the currently used antibabesial drugs, with far-reaching implications for potent combinations.

Methods

A fluorescence assay was used to evaluate the in vivo inhibitory effects of the selected compounds. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted using hierarchical clustering, distance matrix and molecular weight correlation, and PubChem fingerprint. The compounds with in vivo potential efficacy were selected to search for their target in the piroplasm parasites using quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Results

Screening the MBox against the in vivo growth of the B. microti parasite enabled the discovery of potent new antipiroplasm drugs, including MMV396693 and MMV665875. Interestingly, statistically significant (P < 0.05) downregulation of cysteine protease mRNA levels was observed in MMV665875-treated Theileria equi in vitro culture in comparison with untreated cultures. MMV396693/clofazimine and MMV665875/atovaquone (AV) showed maximum structural similarity (MSS) with each other. The distance matrix results indicate promising antibabesial efficacy of combination therapies consisting of either MMV665875 and AV or MMV396693 and imidocarb dipropionate (ID).

Conclusions

Inhibitory and hematology assay results suggest that MMV396693 and MMV665875 are potent antipiroplasm monotherapies. The structural similarity results indicate that MMV665875 and MMV396693 have a similar mode of action as AV and ID, respectively. Our findings demonstrated that MBox compounds provide a promising lead for the development of new antibabesial therapeutic alternatives.

Graphical Abstract
Morphological description of Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) veintemillasi n. sp., a new sand fly species from the sub-Andean region of Bolivia
Authors: Martinez Eddy , Leon Renato , Mihalca Andrei Daniel , Dujardin Jean-Pierre , Le Pont François
Published: September 2022

Background

Most sand fly species are located in the Americas; some act as vectors of leishmaniasis and other human diseases. In Bolivia, about 25% of Neotropical species have been identified, and only a few have been implicated as vectors of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. A new species of anthropophilic sand fly from the sub-Andean region of Alto Beni is described herein.

Methods

A large systematic entomological survey was carried out in a subtropical humid forest located in the Marimonos mountain range, at around 900 m altitude, in the municipality of Palos Blancos, Sud Yungas Province, Department of La Paz, Bolivia. Sand flies were captured over a period of 26 months between January 1982 and February 1984, at the ground and canopy level, using both CDC light traps and protected human bait. A total of 24,730 sand flies were collected on the ground, distributed in 16 species, and 3259 in the canopy, with eight species. One of these species was labeled asPintomia(Pifanomyia)nevesi, although certain morphological features allowed us to doubt that it was that taxon. To define the identity of this sand fly, a re-evaluation (this work) was recently carried out through morphological analyses and measurements of the available specimens mounted on Euparal, previously labeled asPi. (Pif.)nevesi.

Results

Based on the morphological traits and measurements, the re-evaluated specimens were definitively identified as a new sand fly species,Pintomyia(Pifanomyia)veintemillasi, closely related toPi. (Pif.)nevesiandPintomyia(Pifanomyia)maranonensiswithin the Evansi series. This new sand fly was the third most numerous anthropophilic species at the floor (6.2%) and the second most numerous anthropophilic at the canopy (35.1%).

Conclusions

A new anthropophilic sand fly species is described asPi. (Pif.)veintemillasin. sp. This sand fly species was caught at about 900 m altitude in the Marimonos mountain range, a highly endemic area for cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis due toLeishmania(Viannia)braziliensis. Therefore, this species could be involved in the leishmaniasis transmission in the sub-Andean foothills of Alto Beni, Department of La Paz, Bolivia.

Graphical Abstract
CTCF acetylation at lysine 20 is required for the early cardiac mesoderm differentiation of embryonic stem cells
Authors: Gong Shixin , Hu Gongcheng , Guo Rong , Zhang Jie , Yang Yiqi , Ji Binrui , Li Gang , Yao Hongjie
Published: September 2022

The CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) protein and its modified forms regulate gene expression and genome organization. However, information on CTCF acetylation and its biological function is still lacking. Here, we show that CTCF can be acetylated at lysine 20 (CTCF-K20) by CREB-binding protein (CBP) and deacetylated by histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). CTCF-K20 is required for the CTCF interaction with CBP. A CTCF point mutation at lysine 20 had no effect on self-renewal but blocked the mesoderm differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). The CTCF-K20 mutation reduced CTCF binding to the promoters and enhancers of genes associated with early cardiac mesoderm differentiation, resulting in diminished chromatin accessibility and decreased enhancer-promoter interactions, impairing gene expression. In summary, this study reveals the important roles of CTCF-K20 in regulating CTCF genomic functions and mESC differentiation into mesoderm.
Microbial community regulation and performance enhancement in gas biofilters by interrupting bacterial communication
Authors: Wang Yong-Chao , Lin Yu-Ting , Wang Can , Tong Zhen , Hu Xu-Rui , Lv Ya-Hui , Jiang Guan-Yu , Han Meng-Fei , Deng Ji-Guang , Hsi Hsing-Cheng , Lee Chung-Hak
Published: September 2022

Background

Controlling excess biomass accumulation and clogging is important for maintaining the performance of gas biofilters and reducing energy consumption. Interruption of bacterial communication (quorum quenching) can modulate gene expression and alter biofilm properties. However, whether the problem of excess biomass accumulation in gas biofilters can be addressed by interrupting bacterial communication remains unknown.

Results

In this study, parallel laboratory-scale gas biofilters were operated with Rhodococcus sp. BH4 (QQBF) and without Rhodococcus sp. BH4 (BF) to explore the effects of quorum quenching (QQ) bacteria on biomass accumulation and clogging. QQBF showed lower biomass accumulation (109 kg/m3) and superior operational stability (85–96%) than BF (170 kg/m3; 63–92%) at the end of the operation. Compared to BF, the QQBF biofilm had lower adhesion strength and decreased extracellular polymeric substance production, leading to easier detachment of biomass from filler surface into the leachate. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of quorum sensing (QS)-related species was found to decrease from 67 (BF) to 56% (QQBF). The QS function genes were also found a lower relative abundance in QQBF, compared with BF. Moreover, although both biofilters presented aromatic compounds removal performance, the keystone species in QQBF played an important role in maintaining biofilm stability, while the keystone species in BF exhibited great potential for biofilm formation. Finally, the possible influencing mechanism of Rhodococcus sp. BH4 on biofilm adhesion was demonstrated. Overall, the results of this study achieved excess biomass control while maintaining stable biofiltration performance (without interrupting operation) and greatly promoted the use of QQ technology in bioreactors.

Graphical Abstract
De novo disruptive heterozygous MMP21 variants are potential predisposing genetic risk factors in Chinese Han heterotaxy children
Authors: Qin Xi-ji , Xu Meng-meng , Ye Jia-jun , Niu Yi-wei , Wu Yu-rong , Xu Rang , Li Fen , Fu Qi-hua , Chen Sun , Sun Kun , Xu Yue-juan
Published: September 2022

Background

Heterotaxy syndrome (HTX) is caused by aberrant left–right patterning early in embryonic development, which results in abnormal positioning and morphology of the thoracic and abdominal organs. Currently, genetic testing discerns the underlying genetic cause in less than 20% of sporadic HTX cases, indicating that genetic pathogenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we aim to garner a deeper understanding of the genetic factors of this disease by documenting the effect of different matrix metalloproteinase 21 (MMP21) variants on disease occurrence and pathogenesis.

Methods

Eighty-one HTX patients with complex congenital heart defects and 89 healthy children were enrolled, and we investigated the pathogenetic variants related to patients with HTX by exome sequencing. Zebrafish splice-blocking Morpholino oligo-mediated transient suppression assays were performed to confirm the potential pathogenicity of missense variants found in these patients with HTX.

Results

Three MMP21 heterozygous non-synonymous variants (c.731G > A (p.G244E), c.829C > T (p.L277F), and c.1459A > G (p.K487E)) were identified in three unrelated Chinese Han patients with HTX and complex congenital heart defects. Sanger sequencing confirmed that all variants were de novo. Cell transfection assay showed that none of the variants affect mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP21. Knockdown expression of mmp21 by splice-blocking Morpholino oligo in zebrafish embryos revealed a heart looping disorder, and mutant human MMP21 mRNA (c.731G > A, c.1459A > G, heterozygous mRNA (wild-type&c.731G > A), as well as heterozygous mRNA (wild-type& c.1459A > G) could not effectively rescue the heart looping defects. A patient with the MMP21 p.G244E variant was identified with other potential HTX-causing missense mutations, whereas the patient with the MMP21 p.K487E variant had no genetic mutations in other causative genes related to HTX.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the role of the disruptive heterozygous MMP21 variant (p.K487E) in the etiology of HTX with complex cardiac malformations and expands the current mutation spectrum of MMP21 in HTX.
Persian version of the work design questionnaire: measurement of its psychometric characteristics
Authors: Kahaki Zeinab Rasouli , Gharibi Vahid , Keshavarz Mojtaba , Cousins Rosanna , Mokarami Hamidreza
Published: September 2022

Background

Work design questionnaire (WDQ), as a comprehensive and integrative tool, is one of the most important instruments frequently used to assess work characteristics. The aim of this study was to measure the psychometric characteristics of the Persian version of WDQ.

Methods

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation procedures were applied in translating the original WDQ into Persian. A total of 270 participants participated in this study. The validity of the questionnaire were measured using face validity, content validity, convergent validity, and construct validity based on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability was assessed through internal consistency.

Results

Mean content validity index was 0.95. The CFA results indicated support for a 21-factor solution. There were significant correlations between dimensions of WDQ and both job satisfaction and perceived stress. Cronbach's alpha of all items was 0.87.

Conclusion

Results indicated that the WDQ exhibited very good psychometric properties and can be applied as a useful tool to assess work characteristics among Iranian employees. Accordingly, the authors recommend its administration in future studies. The work characteristics was significantly associated with job satisfaction and job stress. Therefore, improved work design would reduce negative consequences, such as job stress, and increase positive behaviors, such as job satisfaction.
Estimation of paleo-permeability around a seismogenic fault based on permeability tensor from observable geometric information of quartz veins
Authors: Hosono Hinako , Takemura Takato , Asahina Daisuke , Otsubo Makoto
Published: September 2022

The mineral veins formed by filling tensile cracks record the accumulation of past hydraulic activities such as fluid migration in the damage zones of a fault. The purpose of this study is to estimate the fluid flow behavior around thrust faults using a three-dimensional permeability tensor from the geometric information of mineral veins. Here, the estimated permeability represents paleo-permeability when the mineral veins were open fractures. We attempted to estimate paleo-permeability in the damage zone around the Nobeoka Thrust fault by applying Oda’s permeability tensor theory, as determined from the geometric information of mineral veins observed in the outcrop. In addition, in situ data acquisition and analytic techniques were developed to estimate a three-dimensional paleo-permeability tensor, and we estimated the paleo-permeability around the Nobeoka Thrust. As a result, the paleo-permeability tensor could be estimated from the geometric information of the mineral veins in the outcrop, which helped clarify the migration of fluids around the fault. Our results show that the paleo-permeability anisotropy and paleo-permeability value changed with distance from the fault core on the footwall; in particular, the maximum paleo-permeability increased from the damage zone to the fault core. In addition, the direction of maximum paleo-permeability shows that the fluid in the footwall migrated toward the fault plane or to the hanging wall immediately after the earthquake.

Graphical Abstract
Tools for the efficient analysis of surface waves from active and passive seismic data: exploring an NE-Italy perilagoon area with significant lateral variations
Authors: Dal Moro Giancarlo , Stemberk Josef
Published: September 2022

A series of reclamation works that took place during the twentieth century, almost completely destroyed the dune system that characterized the eastern part of the Grado-Marano perilagoonal area (NE Italy). Because of the limited data available, so far very little was known about the local subsurface conditions and the present paper presents the main outcomes of the seismic exploration accomplished with a twofold goal: collecting comprehensive data about the subsurface conditions (which geologists need to be able to reconstruct the formation processes of the local geomorphological elements) and testing a series of efficient and unconventional methodologies based on the analysis of surface waves from both active and passive seismic data. The survey was designed and accomplished also considering the local digital terrain model (DTM) and some resistivity and penetrometer data. In the present paper we focus on three main areas and, from the methodological point of view, special emphasis is given to the Holistic analysis of Surface waves (HS) and the Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR), since both these techniques require simple field procedures and a light equipment. It is also show the wealth of information that the simple spectral analysis of multi-offset passive data can provide in particular for the identification of possible lateral variations. In fact, in spite of the low-energy depositional environment, the area reveals extremely complex with major and abrupt lateral variations that require special care and prevent from using coarse methodologies that cannot properly handle their identification. Collected geophysical data provide a consistent overall scenario: while the area is in general dominated by soft (silty) sediments, the residual dunes are constituted by cemented sandy materials (medium-grained calcarenite) responsible for anomalously high shear-wave velocity (VS) values already at the surface. Parallel to such residual sandy dunes we also identified a series of peat channels characterized by distinctive low VS values due to a significant amount of organic components.

Graphical Abstract
Mechanical consequences at the tendon-bone interface of different medial row knotless configurations and lateral row tension in a simulated rotator cuff repair
Authors: Maia Dias Carlos , Gonçalves Sérgio B. , Completo António , da Silva Manuel Ribeiro , de Campos Azevedo Clara , Mineiro Jorge , Ferreira Frederico , Folgado João
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Little is known about the direct influence of different technical options at the rotator cuff tendon-bone interface (TBI) and, more specifically, at the medial bearing row (MBR), regarding local contact force, area and pressure. We evaluated the mechanical repercussions of different medial row anchor configurations for that setting using different values of tension in the lateral row anchors.

Methods

Knotless transosseous equivalent (TOE) rotator cuff repairs with locked versus nonlocked medial anchors and single versus double-hole suture passage were tested in a synthetic rotator cuff mechanical model, using 2 different values of lateral row tension. Contact force, area, pressure, peak force and MBR force were compared at the simulated TBI using a pressure mapping sensor.

Results

When compared to locked anchors, medial row sliding configurations generate lower values for all the above-mentioned parameters.

The use of double-hole suture passage in the medial cuff generated slightly higher values contact area regardless of lateral row tension. At higher lateral row tension values, lower values of the remaining parameters, including MBR force, were found when compared to single-hole suture passage.

Lateral row anchor tension increase induced an increase of all parameters regardless of the medial row configuration and TBI contact force and MBR force were the most susceptible parameters, regardless of the medial row pattern.

Conclusion

Medial row mechanism, suture configuration and lateral row tension interfere with the mechanical force, area and pressure at by TBI. Lateral row tension increase is a major influencer in those parameters.

These results can help surgeons choose the right technique considering its mechanical effect at the TBI.
Aortic repair following initial decompressive craniectomy for acute type A aortic dissection complicated with extensive hemorrhagic cerebral infarction: a case report
Authors: Kano Masaki , Iwahori Akinari , Ogino Hitoshi
Published: September 2022

A 69-year-old woman presented with acute type A aortic dissection complicated by extensive hemorrhagic cerebral infarction due to brain malperfusion. Emergency decompressive craniectomy was initially performed, with an initial diagnosis of hemorrhagic cerebral infarction. The patient was referred for surgical management following a diagnosis of acute type A aortic dissection. After stabilizing the neurological condition with medical treatment for nine weeks, hemiarch replacement was performed electively. The postoperative course was uneventful, with no new neurological disorders. Subsequently, she recovered sufficiently to have daily conversations and attend hospital appointments using a wheelchair.
Primary spindle cell tumor originating from the liver that was difficult to diagnose
Authors: Ikehara Tomohiko , Shimizu Tadaaki , Hirano Shohei , Fukushima Kentaro , Yoshizawa Jun-ichi , Nakamura Toshitsugu , Nakayama Ataru
Published: September 2022

Background

It has been reported that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with spindle cell tumor accounts for 1.8% of all HCCs, but spindle cell tumors that do not show an obvious conventional HCC are extremely rare. In this report, we describe a case of resection of a primary spindle cell tumor of the liver that was difficult to diagnose.

Case presentation

A 75-year-old man presented with fever and right chest pain. He was suspected of a giant primary diaphragmatic tumor of extrahepatic origin by imaging studies. The preoperative differential diagnosis included benign masses such as myxoid sarcoma and schwannoma, and we planned a diaphragmatic resection. Intraoperatively, however, dissection of the tumor from the liver was not possible, requiring an extended right posterior segmentectomy with combined resection of the diaphragm. The patient had a good postoperative course and 1 year has passed since the surgery with no recurrence. The pathology showed that the mass was located just below the hepatic capsule/parenchymal region and was adherent to the diaphragm, but there was no continuity. The morphology suggested a low-grade mesenchymal tumor such as a solitary fibrous tumor and perivascular epithelioid cell tumor, but immunostaining was negative, making the diagnosis difficult. Although some areas of high proliferative activity were observed, finally, the diagnosis of primary spindle cell tumor of the liver with smooth muscle differentiation was made based on the positive results of muscle markers such as αSMA, desmin, and h-caldesmon.

Conclusions

Spindle cell tumor arising from the liver is so rare that preoperative and pathological diagnosis is often difficult to reach. Although further studies are needed to elucidate and better understand this uncommon clinical entity, we consider that complete resection is necessary for the above case, which may contribute to long-term survival.
miR-31-5p from placental and peripheral blood exosomes is a potential biomarker to diagnose preeclampsia
Authors: Zou Gang , Ji Qingfang , Geng Zixiang , Du Xiling , Jiang Lingyan , Liu Te
Published: September 2022

Background

Preeclampsia, a multisystem disorder of unknown etiology, is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Identifying sensitive, noninvasive markers can aid its prevention and improve prognosis. microRNAs (miRs), which function as negative regulators of gene expression, are closely related to preeclampsia occurrence and development. Herein we investigated the relationship between the DLK1-Dio3 imprinted miR cluster derived from placental and peripheral blood exosomes of pregnant women with preeclampsia and routine clinical diagnostic indicators, and also determined its potential as a noninvasive diagnostic marker.

Methods

Exosomes were extracted from the placenta and peripheral blood of pregnant women with preeclampsia.

Results

qPCR data indicated that the expression level of miRs, such as miR-134, miR-31-5p, miR-655, miR-412, miR-539, miR-409, and miR-496, in pregnant women with preeclampsia was significantly lower than that in healthy controls; miR-31-5p expression was the most different. Gene ontology analysis predicted that genes negatively regulated by miR-31-5p were mainly enriched in cellular entity, cellular process, and binding; moreover, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses indicated that genes were involved in gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor pathway and other signaling pathways. Correlation analysis revealed that miR-31-5p was significantly negatively correlated with clinical indicators of preeclampsia, such as systolic and diastolic pressure, lactate dehydrogenase, and proteinuria.

Conclusion

We believe that exosome-derived miR-31-5p can serve as an effective and sensitive biomarker to determine the course of preeclampsia in pregnant women.
Laboratory test of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin s.l. (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) baits for the biocontrol of the Toad grasshopper pest, Bufonacris claraziana (Saussure) (Orthoptera: Tristiridae)
Authors: Mariottini Yanina , Lange Carlos E. , Pelizza Sebastian E.
Published: September 2022

Background

The Toad grasshopper pest, Bufonacris claraziana (Saussure) (Orthoptera: Tristiridae) is an endemic species of the Argentine Patagonia region. Among the Tristiridae family, it is the only species recognized as harmful to agricultural and livestock activities in the country. Outbreaks of B. claraziana have become a recurring phenomenon in the recent years, affecting different areas of the Patagonian provinces. The aim of this study was to evaluate, as laboratory bioassays, the mortality in young nymphs of this species treated with bait formulations of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae).

Results

The two treatments performed, one of them (I) with conidia of B. bassiana only and the other (II) with conidia of B. bassiana plus canola oil as phagostimulant, produced significantly higher mortality than the control (p < 0.05). At 10 days from the start of the bioassay, the mortality registered in the treatment II (53.33%) was higher than that in the treatment I (23.33%) (p < 0.05). This difference was similar at 15 days post-treatment, mortality reached in treatment II (93.33%) higher than in treatment I (73.33%).

Conclusions

Results demonstrated that the combination of canola oil with wheat bran makes the bait with conidia of B. bassiana more attractive for nymphs of B. claraziana, enhancing mortality over a shorter interval of time.
Preoperative flexible bronchoscopy-aided cannulation of a neonatal H-type tracheo-oesophageal fistula assists intraoperative identification of the fistulous tract
Authors: Procopiuc Livia , Naqvi Shehryer , Yardley Iain , Nyman Andrew G.
Published: September 2022

Background

The surgical repair of H-type tracheo-oesophageal fistulas situated below the level of the second thoracic vertebra requires an open thoracotomy or a thoracoscopy. We describe a novel technique that allows for the use of a cervical incision to repair a fistula situated in the thorax, thus diminishing surgical risk.

Case presentation

In this report, we describe a 3-day-old term baby with an H-type tracheo-oesophageal fistula where flexible bronchoscopy and gastroscopy were used to cannulate the fistula with a soft ureteric catheter. This allowed for it to be tractioned into the cervical region where it was surgically dissected and isolated. There was no need for re-intervention in the first 3 months after surgery.

Conclusion

Flexible bronchoscopy-aided cannulation of H-type fistulas can assist in intraoperative identification of the fistulous tract as well as help traction it into a surgically more accessible area like the cervical region.
Next generation lanthanide doped nanoscintillators and photon converters
Authors: Lei Lei , Wang Yubin , Kuzmin Andrey , Hua Youjie , Zhao Jingtao , Xu Shiqing , Prasad Paras N.
Published: September 2022

Scintillators are of significance for the realization of indirect X-ray detection and X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) imaging. However, commercial bulk scintillators not only require complex fabrication procedures, but also exhibit non-tunable XEOL wavelength and poor device processability. Moreover, thick crystals usually generate light scattering followed by evident signal crosstalk in a photodiode array. Lanthanide doped fluoride nanoscintillators (NSs) prepared with low-temperature wet-chemical method possess several advantages, such as low toxicity, cheap fabrication cost, convenient device processability and adjustable emission wavelengths from ultraviolet to visible and extending to second near infrared window. In addition, they exhibit X-ray excited long persistent luminescence (XEPL) making them suitable for broadening the scope of their applications. This review discusses and summarizes the XEOL and XEPL characteristics of lanthanide doped fluoride NSs. We discuss design strategies and nanostructures that allow manipulation of excitation dynamics in a core–shell geometry to simultaneously produce XEOL, XEPL, as well as photon upconversion and downshifting, enabling emission at multiple wavelengths with a varying time scale profile. The review ends with a discussion of the existing challenges for advancing this field, and presents our subjective insight into areas of further multidisciplinary opportunities.
A phase II trial of pembrolizumab and cabozantinib in patients (pts) with recurrent metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (RMHNSCC).
Authors: Saba Nabil F. , Ekpenyong Asari , McCook-Veal Ashley , Patel Mihir , Schmitt Nicole Cherie , Stokes William A. , Bates James Edward , Rudra Soumon , Abousaud Marin Ibrahim , Muzaffar Jameel , Kirtane Kedar , Teng Yong , Steuer Conor Ernst , Shin Dong Moon , Liu Yuan , Chung Christine H.
Published: September 2022

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Background: Pembrolizumab (pembro) is an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) approved for treating pts with recurrent/metastatic (RM) HNSCC. Cabozantinib (cabo) is a multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting MET and VEGFR2 shown to reduce tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis and has immuno-modulatory properties. Methods: This is a phase II, open label multi-center, single arm trial evaluating the tolerability and clinical benefit of pembro administered at 200 mg every 3 weeks and cabo 40 mg daily for pts with RM HNSCC who have not received prior ICI. It had a lead-in safety cohort allowing reduction of cabo dose to 20mg daily. Eligible pts had RM HNSCC, deemed incurable, with a tumor PD-L1 CPS > 1, RECIST 1.1 measurable disease, a life expectancy of > 3 months, an Eastern Cooperative Group (ECOG) Performance Status (PS) of 0-1. Enrollment was initiated in March of 2019. We estimated that the ORR will improve to 35% with pembro+ cabo (from a historic of 18%) with a significance level of 0.05 and 80% power. Results: A total of 47 pts were screened, 13 screen failures [cavitation on scan (4), inability to swallow pills (2), other exclusions (7)]; 34 pts were enrolled, 32 were dosed and 31 evaluable (at least one follow-up scan). Pts had cancers of the oropharynx (21, 65%), nasopharynx (6, 19%), larynx/hypopharynx (4, 13%) and oral cavity (1,3%). 32 patients received cabo at 40 mg daily; 13 patients (41%) were dose reduced to 20mg daily [mucositis, increased liver function (LFT) tests, diarrhea]; males (n=29, 90%), median age 63 years (range 53-67); presence of distant metastases (34, 100%); prior radiation (29, 90%), chemotherapy (14, 43%); ECOG PS =0 (16, 50%), 1 (16,50%); HPV/p16 positive (17, 53%), negative (5, 16%), not applicable (10, 29%); the most frequent adverse event (AE) (all grades) was fatigue (16,50.0%), grade 3 or 4 treatment-related AE were increased LFTs, hyponatremia (3, 9.3% each). With a median follow up of 12.7 months (mos) (range 6.9- 20.5 mos), a RECIST 1.1 overall response rate ORR= 45.2% (CR=0; PR=14, 45.2%; SD =14, 45.2%; PD=3.0, 10%) with an overall clinical benefit of 90.4% were observed; The 1-yr OS was 67.7% (95% CI, 42.9%-83.6%; median 22.3 mos) and 1-yr PFS was 51.8% (95% CI, 28.8%-70.7%; median 14.6 mos). Conclusions: This phase II trial of pembro + cabo met its primary endpoint of ORR. The regimen is well-tolerated with very encouraging clinical activity in RM HNSCC and warrants further exploration in this disease. The study was supported by a grant from Exelixis to NFS. Clinical trial information: NCT03468218.
Trends in personnel assessment: practices of Russian and foreign companies
Authors: Borovyh E. , Molodchik N.
Published: September 2022

Employee assessment is one of the most important factors influencing the effectiveness of employees. In the labor market there are some trends that form new challenges for HR specialists. The current trends in employee assessment for Russian companies are outlined in the article: the use of Big Data, analytics in social networks, gamification, engagement and feedback management. The results of a case-study of using modern tools and technologies in employee assessment are presented. The positive effects of the use of trending technologies in the employee assessment are shown. Recommendations on the implementation of successful practices in the work of the company are given.
HUMAN BODY MODEL RIB RESPONSE TO SOFT AND HARD ARMOR BALLISTIC LOADING
Authors: GOERTZ ALAN , RAFAELS KARIN , CRONIN DUANE , BIR CYNTHIA , BROWN ANDREW , MATHEIS ERIKA
Published: September 2022

Personal body armor back-face dynamics are the driving force for behind armor blunt trauma. The potential timing for blunt force rib fracture was investigated using finite element analyses of soft and hard armor impacts against anterolateral ribs of a human body model. Armor back-face dynamics were acquired from experiments using soft and hard armor backed by gelatin and clay, respectively. Analysis of the simulations identified fracture-level maximum principal strain magnitudes for cortical rib tissue at times that were within the first tenth of the event and over 20 mm short of the peaks armor back-face displacement. These findings suggest early armor back-face dynamics play a role in blunt force injury outcome.
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON THE RANGE OF A 155MM BOAT TAIL PROJECTILE
Authors: WALT STEFAN VAN DER
Published: September 2022

The surface roughness of a 155 mm artillery projectile is a controlled parameter during manufacturing, but not much data exists as to its influence on actual performance. It was decided to use practical empirical calculations as a first-order prediction of its effect on drag complemented with a CFD simulation and verified by actual firings of generic 155 mm BT projectiles with various surface roughness values. Practical empirical correlations for the effect of surface roughness on flat plates for compressible flow were used while the FloEFD solver was used for a CFD prediction of the effect of surface roughness on a standard 155 mm shell. For validation, a group of standard 155 mm projectiles with increasing surface roughness were fired. The drag curves obtained from the radar data showed a continuous increase from the baseline curve as the surface roughness increased, with the overall trend of the dynamic firings corresponding well with the CFD simulation.
BULLET PENETRATION INTO BAMBOO, ORIENTED STRAND BOARD AND LOW-DENSITY FIBREBOARD TARGETS
Authors: KOENE L. , WORP G. VAN DER
Published: September 2022

In previous work, we have discussed projectile penetration experiments into a variety of wooden targets, i.e. natural wood, and medium density fibreboard (MDF) targets. However, this paper will discuss normal projectile impacts on three different types of wood-based materials: bamboo, oriented strand board (OSB) and low-density fibreboard (LDF). Impact experiments have been performed using flat targets. Two different 9 mm projectiles are used: Ball and Ball Subsonic. Penetration depths of projectiles are determined using x-ray photography. The experimental data are analysed using the Poncelet model and the Robins- Euler model. As in previous work on wooden materials, penetration depths of the projectiles are related to physical properties of the target material. For bamboo, OSB, and LDF Janka hardness measurements have been performed. Results obtained are compared with earlier results on MDF and natural wood. Again, the observed dynamic strength R shows a good correlation with the Janka hardness.