bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El aspecto en la determinación de las escalas de comparación
Authors: Herrera Guadalupe , Oliver José María
Published: October 2024

En este trabajo abordamos la incidencia del aspecto gramatical en la determinación de escalas de comparación en construcciones comparativas verbales del español. Tomando como punto de partida estudios previos sobre la semántica de estas construcciones, nos enfocamos en comparativas verbales no canónicas con eventos atélicos expresadas en pasado para el perfectivo y el imperfectivo, como en Juan corrió/corría más que María. A partir de observaciones hechas sobre lenguas como el inglés, la literatura reciente sostiene que la escala de comparación está restringida a ciertas dimensiones por la noción de monotonía. Sin embargo, en la interpretación de las construcciones del español aquí estudiadas parecen habilitarse diversas escalas de comparación, incluso algunas que escapan a dicha restricción. Por medio de un estudio de relevamiento de juicios de hablantes nativos, se confirmó que la alternancia perfectivo/imperfectivo incide en la disponibilidad de las escalas de comparación e incluso da lugar, en algunos casos, a escalas no predichas o no necesariamente monótonas.
Tissée de silences : la clinique de Fernand Deligny
Authors:   Université Paris 8 Saint Denis, Perret Catherine
Published: October 2024

Cet article utilise la voie de la théorie et de la description pour proposer une approche historique et anthropologique de la « clinique du silence » expérimentée par Fernand Deligny de 1967 à sa mort, en 1996, auprès d’enfants atteints d’autisme sévère et qui n’ont pas accès au langage. Son objectif est double. Il est d’une part d’analyser les pratiques développées par Deligny et son réseau pour « faire (littéralement) silence », en réponse à la crise de la civilisation occidentale qui a marqué le XXe siècle et à la silenciation qui a dominé l’histoire de la (pédo-)psychiatrie de la même époque. Il est d’autre part de montrer comment ces pratiques, écritures, films, cartes, leur ont permis d’enregistrer le silence de ces enfants autistes et d’y révéler la pratique d’un milieu de vie dont participent enfants autistes et adultes parlants, et d’où émerge un autre visage du lien social.
Verba risum mouentia : silence, rire et comportement dans le premier monachisme médiéval
Authors:   Fordham University, New York (USA), Bruce Scott
Published: October 2024

Au tournant du premier millénaire, les moines de l’abbaye de Cluny et de ses dépendances ont développé un système de signes manuels qui permettait aux frères de communiquer entre eux sans enfreindre les règles strictes d’interdiction de parler, en usage dans leurs communautés. Les coutumiers monastiques ont conservé des traces de cette pratique sous la forme de lexiques, soit des descriptions écrites détaillées des signes et de leur signification, que les novices apprenaient pour préparer leur entrée au cloître. Alors que ces lexiques organisaient généralement leur description des signes monastiques par thèmes (signes pour la nourriture, signes pour les vêtements, etc.), un coutumier de la fin du XIe siècle de l’abbaye de Hirsau, en Forêt-Noire, présentait un signe pour le rire parmi les symptômes de la maladie, comme les saignements de nez et les vomissements. Cet article tente d’expliquer cette association inattendue. Après avoir étudié la signification du silence dans le monachisme de la fin de l’Antiquité et du début du Moyen Âge, il examine les attitudes à l’égard du rire dans la tradition monastique primitive. Il montre que le rire sonore était dangereux dans l’abbaye, non seulement parce qu’il était perturbateur, mais aussi parce qu’il faisait perdre au moine le contrôle de son corps, enfreignant ainsi les règles de comportement qui régissaient ses actions dans le cloître.
Seguimiento de adaptaciones curriculares para estudiantes con necesidades educativas específicas
Authors: Yucato Pupiales Jaime Damián , Melo López Verónica Alexandra , Montenegro Reinoso Mariela Isolina , Gudiño Mejía Carla Belén
Published: October 2024

En el contexto educativo, la diversidad del alumnado es una realidad y se necesitan estrategias de enseñanza inclusivas, siendo así que los estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales requieren un enfoque diferenciado, pero a la vez inclusivo para su desarrollo integral. Una adaptación del plan de estudios como herramienta esencial proporciona un sistema flexible y personalizado que atiende la idiosincrasia de cada estudiante. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación es explorar fundamentos claves y las adaptaciones curriculares que se han aplicado a estudiantes con necesidades educativas específicas. Para lograr este objetivo, se llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa que se basó en investigaciones bibliográficas de una variedad de fuentes de información, incluidos artículos científicos, páginas web y revistas. Con el respectivo análisis de lo indagado, se determinó que es de suma importancia la adaptación curricular como la modificación del currículo para abordar las necesidades educativas específicas, enfatizando el papel clave del docente con apoyo del DECE y autoridades competentes, de tal forma que la adaptabilidad del acceso a los cursos, incorporan cambios desde el aula hasta ajustes significativos; del mismo modo, la evaluación psicoeducativa es vital para identificar barreras, orientar estrategias y fundamentar decisiones educativas. La implementación de cambios curriculares resalta el enfoque colaborativo de docentes, DECE, instituciones educativas y padres de familia para crear un ambiente adecuado. La aplicación de diversidad de estrategias demuestra el compromiso de los docentes con la inclusión de los estudiantes con necesidades individuales.
Factores Asociados a Displasia Broncopulmonar en recién nacidos en el Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Estudio de Casos y Controles
Authors: López López Cristian , Siguencia Astudillo Fabián , Sempertegui Cárdenas Pablo , Ortiz Hinojosa Fernanda , Ochoa Gavilanes Eddy
Published: October 2024

La displasia broncopulmonar es una de las morbilidades crónicas más importantes asociadas con la prematuridad, de causa multifactorial, debido a factores prenatales y posnatales que de forma independiente o en combinación tienen un efecto aditivo o sinérgico en su desarrollo, el objetivo de la investigación tiene como finalidad determinar los factores asociados a displasia broncopulmonar en recién nacidos del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Estudio analítico de casos y controles. La muestra fue calculada en el programa EPI Dat versión 3.1, se seleccionaron 3 controles pareados para cada caso. La información se registró en un formulario y se analizó en el programa SPSS 23. Se obtuvieron estadísticos descriptivos, OR, IC 95% y valores p. En total se incluyeron 188 pacientes, 47 con displasia broncopulmonar (casos) y 141 sin displasia broncopulmonar (controles); 84 (44,7%) fueron varones y 104 (55,3%) fueron mujeres. La asociación entre estados hipertensivos del embarazo, no recibir corticoide antenatal, prematurez, peso bajo, intubación endotraqueal, ventilación mecánica asistida, recibir surfactante, anemia, transfusiones sanguíneas, membrana hialina, ductus arterioso permeable y sepsis mostraron asociación estadísticamente significativa con el desarrollo de displasia broncopulmonar (p=0,000), mientras que aquellos pacientes con neumotórax no tuvieron asociación estadísticamente significativa (p=0,101). Conclusiones: Los estados hipertensivos del embarazo, no recibir corticoide antenatal, prematurez, peso bajo, intubación endotraqueal, ventilación mecánica asistida, uso de surfactante, anemia, transfusiones sanguíneas, membrana hialina, ductus arterioso permeable y sepsis pueden aumentar el riesgo de displasia broncopulmonar. Los hallazgos publicados amplían la comprensión de la displasia broncopulmonar y diversos aspectos de esta enfermedad.
Mistletoe (Loranthus europaeus Jacq.): antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticholinesterase activities
Authors: Çömlekçioğlu Nazan , Korkmaz Nuh , Yüzbaşıoğlu Mehmet Ali , Uysal İmran , Sevindik Mustafa
Published: October 2024

Plants are natural resources responsible for different biological activities. Determining the biological activities of plants is very important. In our study, some biological activities and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Loranthus europaeus Jacq. were determined. In this context, ethanol and methanol extracts of the plant were obtained using the soxhlet device. Total antioxidant, total oxidant, and oxidative stress statuses were determined using Rel Assay kits. Antimicrobial activity was tested against standard bacterial and fungal strains using the agar dilution test. Anticholinesterase activity was determined by detecting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities. Determination of total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Total flavonoid quantification was performed using an aluminum chloride assay. As a result of the study, TAS values (Total antioxidant status) of ethanol and methanol extracts of the plant were determined as 5.620±0.134 and 6.384±0.134 mmol/L, respectively. TOS values (Total oxidant status) were determined as 10.997±0.183 and 13.368±0.222 µmol/L, respectively. OSI values (Oxidative stress index) were measured as 0.196±0.004 and 0.209±0.003, respectively. TPC (Total phenolic content) value was determined as 34.49±1.78 and 55.82±2.34 mg/g, respectively, and TFC (Total flavonoid content) value was determined as 46.10±2.40 and 55.49±1.15 mg/g, respectively. Ethanol and methanol extracts of the plant were found to be effective against bacterial and fungal strains at concentrations between 50-200 µg/mL. In addition, the anti-AChE values of ethanol and methanol extracts were determined as 13.51±0.81 and 22.79±1.86 µg/mL, respectively, and the anti-BChE values were determined as 27.84±0.62 and 33.08±1.63 µg/mL, respectively. According to the results obtained, it was determined that L. europaeus has antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticholinesterase activity. In this context, it is thought that it can be used as a natural material in pharmacological designs.
Renaissance of Ketamine
Authors: Kocur Kinga , Katarzyna Camlet  , Anna Ziobro  , Mateusz Ziomek  , Wojciech Kaźmierski  , Paulina Lis  , Jakub Jurek  , Anna Lis
Published: October 2024

The history of ketamine began in the 1960s. Ketamine is a specific anesthetic drug that exhibits analgesia, has a stabilizing impact on the cardiovascular system and does not significantly depress the respiratory system. It is responsible for causing the so-called dissociative effect. The effects of ketamine depend on the dose. Its mechanism of action is based primarily on the blockade of N-methyl D-aspartic acid receptors (NMDA) in the central nervous system. Due to its favorable action profile and small number of contraindications, ketamine is becoming an increasingly popular drug. In medicine, it is commonly used as an analgesic and an anesthetic. Studies conducted over recent years have noted that it can be effective in conditions such as: status epilepticus, status asthmaticus, agitation, alcohol dependence and alcohol withdrawal syndrome, depression, and suicidal thoughts. This paper reviews current reports on the uses of ketamine, beneficial especially to physicians with the Specialty in emergency medicine.
POSITIVE IMPACT OF TRANEXAMIC ACID IN VARIOUS MEDICAL SETTINGS
Authors: Herjan Katarzyna , Armański Piotr , Olszewski Jakub , Sitnik Magdalena , Bara Maciej
Published: October 2024

The role of successful hemostasis cannot be overemphasized. Bleeding can occur due to various reasons and its cause is not always evident. Any delay in restoring the proper hemostasis is associated with increased risk of complications and therefore results in increased mortality. Discovered in 1962 by Japanese researchers Shosuke and Utako Okamoto, tranexamic acid (TXA) is an anti-fibrinolytic agent that inhibits plasminogen activation by blocking the lysine binding sites on plasminogen. Thanks to its ability to inhibit fibrinolysis it stabilizes the preformed fibrin mesh-work and has a beneficial effect in reducing blood loss in wide range of clinical settings. TXA has been shown to reduce the risk of perioperative bleeding in patients undergoing noncardiac surgeries. CRASH trials provided the largest body of evidence confirming effectiveness of early administration of TXA, defined as administration within 3 hours after trauma, in reducing mortality in patients with severe injuries and traumatic brain injury. Recent evidence indicates that TXA administration in treatment of postpartum hemorrhage results in notable mortality reduction. Topical or locally injected tranexamic acid may reduce blood loss and improve visibility of the surgical field. More high-quality studies are needed to determine safety, efficacy and dosage. The risk of serious adverse events, especially vascular occlusive events, in patients receiving TXA compared to placebo group did not differ significantly.
Cyclodextrin nanosponges as bioenhancers of phytochemicals
Authors: Pyrak Bartłomiej , Gubica Tomasz , Rogacka-Pyrak Karolina
Published: October 2024

Bioavailability is the biggest obstacle to the effectiveness of biologically active compounds. Based on a set of physicochemical requirements we can determine if the compound fulfills the drug-like character and if it has the potential to become an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with confirmed and thoroughly examined activities. This practice is widely used in drug design of entirely new APIs, but also in search of pharmacological active substances in large compound bases such as plant-derived substances. The chemical structure diversity of plant-based compounds assures that some of them have to be well bioavailable due to good lipid membrane permeability. However, their efficiency is often limited by poor water solubility. Thus, there is a special need for bioenhancers of naturally derived compounds. In this review we present the potential of cyclodextrin nanosponges (CDNSs) as bioavailability enhancers of selected phytochemicals, namely curcumin, resveratrol, oxyresveratrol and quercetin whose very poor water solubility is the biggest obstacle to high efficiency.
Mobility Assistive Technology (AT) for Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP): A Literature Review
Authors: Ren Guanzhou , Che Me Rosalam
Published: October 2024

This paper comprehensively reviews mobility assistive technology (MAT) use in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Currently, 9 million people are severely affected by CP, the most serious form of movement disability, characterised by deficits in movement, posture, and more, alongside cognitive and sensory deficits. These impairments restrict the child's functionality in self-care, performing tasks associated with daily living, and socialisation. The primary purpose of this paper is to establish the role of MAT in supporting children with CP and assess its impact on their lives. This review describes a range of devices that enhance mobility in motor-disabled patients, such as powered wheelchairs, robotic exoskeletons, ankle-foot orthoses (AFO), and gait trainers. It examines their effects on the psychosocial well-being and physical growth of children with CP. A methodical search within the PRISMA framework enabled us to analyse papers from 2010 to 2024, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of assistive technology (AT). It was noted that although ATs can improve independence, social involvement, and mobility, challenges such as high costs, poor design, and unavailability of these resources in underprivileged regions remain. New information technologies, including intelligent systems and virtual reality (VR) training tools, effectively address health-related issues; however, optimising these techniques over a long period needs further study. This paper underscores the importance of a more child-centred design of AT devices and additional policy adjustments to enhance accessibility across different socio-economic strata. Through this review, we seek to advance the emerging understanding of the role of mobility AT in enhancing the lives of children with CP, focusing on identifying weaknesses in the existing research and suggesting possible advancements.
ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ГЕСТАЦИОННОГО ВОЗРАСТА НЕДОНОШЕННОГО НОВОРОЖДЕННОГО С НАСЛЕДСТВЕННОЙ ПРЕДРАСПОЛОЖЕННОСТЬЮ К МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКОМУ СИНДРОМУ
Authors: Миронов Петр Иванович , Иванов Дмитрий Олегович , Александрович Юрий Станиславович , Нургалиева Альфия Хаматьяновна , Валиев Руслан Радисович , Богданова Анастасия Алексеевна , Петрова Сабина Григорьевна , Хуснутдинова Эльза Камилевна
Published: October 2024

Цель работы — оценка частоты носительства аллельных вариантов генов, предрасположенности к артериальной гипертензии взрослых в зависимости от срока гестации  недоношенного новорожденного. Дизайн исследования: проспективное, контролируемое, одноцентровое, нерандомизированное. Изучались образцы геномной ДНК у новорожденных детей с экстремально низкой массой тела (ЭНМТ) и гестационным возрастом <28 недель (n=95), недоношенных новорожденных (НН) с гестационным возрастом >28 но <34 недель (n=105), а также популяционной выборки взрослых (n=100). Для анализа были выбраны локусы с уже известной ассоциацией с развитием артериальной гипертензии и ишемической болезнью сердца: AGT (rs4762), AGTR1 (rs5186), ACE (Ins\Del), ADRB1 (rs1801253), ADD1 (rs4961), CYP11B2 (rs1799998), eNOS (rs1799983), eNOS (rs1549758), eNOS (rs2070744). Проводилось сравнение распределения частот аллелей и генотипов между исследуемыми группами лиц. Недоношенные дети достоверно чаще являются носителями аллеля С гена AGT. У новорожденных с ЭНМТ дополнительно выявлена более частая встречаемость мутантных аллелей гена eNOS и редкого генотипа GG гена ADRB1. Установлено, что новорожденные с ЭНМТ, в отличие от популяции недоношенных детей, являются носителями большего числа рисковых аллелей генов предрасположенности к артериальной гипертензии.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of allelic variants of the genes of predisposition to arterial hypertension in adults, depending on the gestation period of a premature newborn. The study design is prospective, controlled, single — center, non-randomized. Genomic DNA samples were studied in newborns with extremely low body weight (ELBW) and gestational age <28 weeks (n=95), premature newborns (NN) with gestational age >28 but <34 weeks (n=105), as well as a population sample of adults (n=100). For the analysis, loci with already known association with the development of arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease were selected: AGT (rs4762), AGTR1 (rs5186), ACE (Ins\Del), ADRB1 (rs1801253), ADD1 (rs4961), CYP11B2 (rs1799998), eNOS (rs1799983), eNOS (rs1549758), eNOS (rs2070744). The distribution of allele frequencies between the study groups was compared. Premature infants are signifi cantly more likely to carry the allele C of the AGT gene. In newborns with ELBW, we additionally found a more frequent occurrence of mutant alleles of the eNOS gene and the rare GG genotype in the ADRB1 gene. It is established that newborns with extremely low body weight, in contrast to the population of premature babies, are carriers of a greater number of risk alleles of genes predisposing to arterial hypertension.
ВЛИЯНИЕ МАТЕРИНСКОГО ОЖИРЕНИЯ НА ФИЗИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ ПОТОМСТВА В ПЕРВЫЙ ГОД ЖИЗНИ
Authors: Прокопьева Наталья Эдуардовна , Грицинская Вера Людвиговна , Иванов Дмитрий Олегович , Петренко Юрий Валентинович , Новикова Валерия Павловна
Published: October 2024

Ожирение является серьезной медико-социальной проблемой современного здравоохранения и достигает в мире масштабов эпидемии. Проблема материнского ожирения связана как с акушерско-гинекологическими и перинатальными рисками, так и с долгосрочным влиянием материнского ожирения на состояние здоровья потомства. Доказано, что избыточная масса тела до беременности является существенным фактором риска развития ожирения и метаболического синдрома у детей. В статье представлены данные анализа физического развития у детей, в первый год жизни, рожденных от матерей с ожирением.

Obesity is a serious medical and social problem of modern health care system. The problem of maternal obesity associated with gynaecological, perinatal risks and risk of developing diseases in off spring. It has been proven that excess body weight before pregnancy is a signifi cant risk factor for the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome in children. The article presents data from an analysis of physical development in children in the fi rst year of life born to obese mothers.
Differences in the Shape of the Frontal Bone between 20th-Century Euro-Americans and Germans
Authors: Manthey Laura , Jantz Richard , Prescher Andreas , Bohnert Michael
Published: October 2024

Geometric morphometrics is a very useful but rarely applied concept in forensic anthropology. It uses information on the shape of an object for data analysis. For this study, geometric morphometrics has been used to compare the shape of the frontal bone between a German and a Euro-American sample (both early 20th century). Results were compared using size-only, shape-only and size-and-shape combined.
Results show that the frontal shapes of the two study populations can clearly be distinguished from one another. The best classification results could be achieved when combining size and shape data for analysis. Centroid size showed significant variation by group and sex, and that Euro-Americans are more sex dimorphic than Germans. We conclude that shape data provides a considerable amount of extra information for population affinity estimation, even on a single cranial bone like the frontal. A broader application of geometric morphometrics in forensic anthropology could thus help generating a more reliable biological profile, as well as providing additional insight into German-American morphometric differentiation.
Ousley—Repatriation and the Smithsonian
Authors: Hollinger R. , Dudar Christopher , Jones Erica
Published: October 2024

The repatriation of Native American human remains has been a significant issue at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History for the past 40 years. Following the requirements of the National Museum of the American Indian Act of 1989, which mandated the use of the best available scientific and historical documentation to trace tribal origins, the Museum created the Repatriation Osteology Laboratory, which Stephen Ousley directed for the majority of his career at the Smithsonian. For nearly a decade, Ousley led exemplary osteological research in the service of repatriation, applying techniques of forensic anthropology, innovating craniometric and statistical analyses, and working collaboratively with the museum’s Native American partners. His high standards for the research and objective treatment of osteological evidence requiring critical thinking have served as a model for the Repatriation Office, students, and Native and non-Native researchers he worked with during his time at the Smithsonian and beyond.
Framework para Treinamento em Realidade Virtual Utilizando Técnicas com Foco na Experiência do Usuário
Authors: Baez Lyncon E. B. , Mauricio Claudio Roberto M. , Peres Fabiana F. F.
Published: October 2024

A realidade virtual é uma tecnologia emergente amplamente utilizada em diversas áreas, especialmente para treinamentos, proporcionando experiências imersivas e interativas que simulam situações reais com grande precisão. Este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um framework robusto para otimizar o processo de criação de treinamentos em realidade virtual, facilitando a implementação de cenários padrão e oferecendo flexibilidade para atender a necessidades especı́ficas. O framework foi aplicado no treinamento de procedimentos em uma subestação elétrica na Usina de Itaipu, sendo validado por meio de experimentos com um grupo de indivı́duos.
Práticas com smartphones para idosos - Um projeto de extensão do ICMC/USP
Authors: Rodrigues Kamila R. H. , Santos Suzane S. dos , Gallego Daniele , Martins Ketlen , Malpartida Katherin F. C. , Verhalen Aline E. C. , Deus João Pedro de
Published: October 2024

This paper describes the structure and methodology of a digital literacy program for the elderly, which has been operating since 2015 as part of a university extension project, with essential results for the surrounding community. The use of a methodology that adds the adoption of a computational solution to carry out remote interventions facilitated teaching and learning for elderly students. Classes that take place every six months at ICMC/USP demonstrated the relevance of digital literacy programs for the elderly. This paper brings reports of the course methodology, as reports from some elderly students and monitors about the same.
Ferramenta de Validação NCL: Aprimorando o processo de desenvolvimento de aplicações de TV Digital
Authors: Costa Iago Victor Silva , Shuen Li-Chang , Moraes Daniel de Sousa , Santos Joel André Ferreira dos , Muchaluat-Saade Débora C. , Soares Neto Carlos de Salles
Published: October 2024

The Nested Context Language (NCL) is the declarative language of Ginga, the standard middleware of the Brazilian Digital Terrestrial TV System. From this perspective, the current paper presents an NCL Validation Tool, which presents code diagnostics through error or alert messages, aiming to ease the writing of software for Digital TV. The tool was evaluated using a script of activities with an evaluation scale ranging from 1 (the tool did not help) to 5 (the tool helped completely). Both during the analysis of the script results and the development of the tool, the usefulness of an assistant when authoring NCL applications became evident. Our preliminary results show that the proposed NCL Validation Tool can help productivity and learning of NCL.
Uma análise de plataformas de streaming e as possibilidades de interface para conteúdos sob demanda na TV 3.0
Authors: Montezano Cristiane Turnes , Pernisa Júnior Carlos , Moreno Marcelo F.
Published: October 2024

This study examines the interfaces of streaming platforms to explore the potential adaptations that the next generation of television, known as TV 3.0, could incorporate through the integration of OTA (over-the-air) and OTT (over-the-top) content. The envisioned future of television promises a seamless blend of traditional broadcast signals with internet-based services, paving the way for the integration of on-demand content within this new TV standard. In light of this evolution, a significant opportunity arises to develop an advanced interface for navigating and selecting on-demand content, referred to as the Electronic Content Guide (ECG). This paper presents a detailed analysis of several streaming platforms, concentrating on their interfaces, which demonstrate features that align with the anticipated characteristics of TV 3.0, namely the provision of on-demand content alongside live broadcasts. The research methodology begins with an exploratory literature review, followed by a comprehensive examination of these platforms. This paper is part of a broader research initiative, which will be expanded upon in subsequent publications. The primary objective is to investigate the possibilities for content organization on screen and the resulting interactions that will shape the interface of TV 3.0.
Exploring the Potential of TV 3.0: Applications and Impact on Content Delivery and Audience Engagement
Authors: Moraes Daniel de Sousa , Borges Paulo Victor , Costa Polyana Bezerra da , Gurevitz Yan Martins B. , Santos Pedro T. Cutrim dos , Boaro José Matheus Carvalho , Ladele Adeoye Sunday , Colcher Sérgio
Published: October 2024

This paper explores potential applications for TV 3.0, a ground-breaking evolution in Brazilian digital television that introduces advanced functionalities such as app-based experience, viewer-centered design, enhanced interactivity, and integration with smart technologies. Leveraging these new capabilities, TV 3.0 can revolutionize content delivery and audience engagement in several key areas by enabling personalized content experiences with recommendations and adaptive streaming to enhance viewer satisfaction and retention. We present three use cases that explore some of the new features and their potential impacts on content transmission and consumption and the development of interactive applications.
The Informativeness of Headlines in Daily Newspapers Printed in Western Balkans
Authors: Selimi Ferid
Published: October 2024

This chapter provides a qualitative stylistic perspective on how print journalism encapsulates informativeness as one of the standards of textuality. A sample over a 12-month period from the headlines on the front pages was selected. The dominant lexical features of the sample are initially identified through frequency observation and keying, followed by a qualitative analysis from the standpoint of the stylistic projection of news value. The analysis delineates varying levels of informativeness in the headlines. Headlines embody first-level informative and elliptical characteristics, yet their predominant content presents a specific perspective. The informativeness of these headlines occasionally exceeds the appropriate dimensions, implying an excess of information beyond what would be necessary. Informative models temper or personalize the information interwoven with devices as an attempt for accuracy and informativeness. It reflects on the implications of incorporating various levels of informativeness known in print journalism. A quantitative content analysis method was employed, examining headlines and comparing newspapers. Additionally, a framing analysis was used to scrutinize the positioning and perspective of headlines. Therefore, based on the diversity of people, cultures, and religions in the western Balkans, their distinct approach to headlines was observed, displaying a specific perspective recognized in the media as subjectivity.
Perspective Chapter: Physicochemical Parameters and Water Quality
Authors: Mahe Asma’u , Salihu Nasiru , Muhammad Sani Musbahu
Published: October 2024

Water is an indispensable requirement of the ecosystem and an essential component of life. Living organisms require water to sustain life. The required water must be of high quality and also free from all forms of pollutants either chemical or biological. Pollutants tend to decrease the quality and safety of water, leading to numerous diseases and sometimes death. These pollutants are on the increase due to increased industrialization, heavy agricultural practices, improper sewage systems, and many more. The pollutants found in drinking water constitute a serious environmental and public health problem, as the presence of contaminants in water is of great concern due to the level of hazard they cause to consumers and their contribution to the reduction of water quality. This study reviews the types of chemical pollutants found in water and correlates how physicochemical parameters are affected by these pollutants and in essence the quality of water. This important concept highlighted shows how living organisms are in constant threat provided contaminants from industries, agricultural practices are not controlled properly, and how physicochemical parameters indicating water quality will be affected continuously and a consequent continued decrease in water quality if proper environmental practices are not implemented.
Structural Equation Modeling of Suicidal Ideation and Behavior: A Three-Step Theory Perspective
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad Saeed , Ahmadi Farzane , Rasouli Amirhossein , Tirgari Seraji Hatef , Tirgari Abdoulhakim , Saed Omid
Published: October 2024

Background: Suicide, defined as the intentional act of self-inflicted death, constitutes a significant global public health burden. Every year, over 700,000 individuals worldwide die by suicide. Studies in Iran have reported an alarming prevalence of suicidal behavior among students, with estimates of suicide attempts ranging from 1.8% to 3.5%, and suicidal ideation rates fluctuating between 6.2% and 42.7%. This complex phenomenon is influenced by a wide array of factors. A major challenge to effective suicide prevention strategies is the limited understanding of the mechanisms that lead from suicidal ideation to actual suicide attempts. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between suicidal ideation, suicidal behaviors, and the constructs of the three-step theory within a student population. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed, with convenience sampling enrolling 260 students from Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. Students consented to participate and completed various questionnaires, including the Beck Suicide Ideation Scale (BSSI), the Inventory of Motivations for Suicide Attempts (IMSA), the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), the Symptom Checklist-25 (SCL-25), the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale (ACSS), and a single-item suicide attempt question. The participants ranged in age from 18 to 52 years (mean: 23.62, standard deviation: 5.48), with 75% of the sample being female, and 85% single. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 24 and AMOS 24 software. Results: Correlation analysis revealed that psychic pain, hopelessness, and low belongingness were significantly and directly correlated with both suicidal ideations and behaviors (all P-values < 0.05). Structural equation modeling results demonstrated that the combination of pain and hopelessness directly predicted suicidal ideation (β = 0.318, P < 0.001) and low belongingness (β = 0.867, P < 0.001). These factors indirectly predicted suicidal behavior through suicidal ideation, capability for suicide, and low belongingness (β = 0.406, P < 0.001). Additionally, suicidal ideation was a strong direct predictor of suicidal behavior (β = 0.556, P < 0.001), and low belongingness directly predicted suicidal behaviors (β = 0.226, P < 0.001). However, the capability for suicide did not statistically predict suicidal behavior within this student sample. Conclusions: The findings support the validity of the three-step theory in a student population. Pain, hopelessness, and low belongingness were significant predictors of suicidal ideation and attempts among students, while the capability for suicide did not predict suicidal behavior in this context. These results provide a novel perspective by confirming the applicability of the three-step theory in a non-clinical student population, offering valuable insights into the interrelations of the model’s key components.
The Anticancer Poperties of Diosgenin on Colorectal Cancer Cells Induced by Wnt/Β Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Abdolmaleki Amir , Rezazadeh Davood , Zhaleh Mohsen , Nemati Houshang , Ghobadi Hossein , Khani Hematabadi Fuzieh
Published: October 2024

Background: Colorectal cancer (CC) is one of the most prevalent cancers globally. Due to the severe side effects and the development of drug resistance in CC treatments, current therapeutic strategies often prove ineffective. As a result, there is a growing interest in exploring traditional medicinal plants as alternative treatment options for various human diseases. Diosgenin, a bioactive compound derived from plants, has shown potential in inhibiting the growth of human CC cells. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a critical role in colorectal tumorigenesis. Objectives: This study investigates the effects of Diosgenin on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CC cells. Methods: Colorectal cancer cells were treated with Diosgenin, and cell viability and plasma membrane integrity were assessed using the MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assay, respectively. Apoptosis was evaluated through Annexin V/PI staining. The expression of Wnt/β-catenin-related genes was analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results: Diosgenin significantly inhibited CC cell viability in a time- and concentration-dependent manner after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of exposure (P < 0.05). The IC50 values were determined to be 203.55, 122.95, 70.11, and 7.34 µM at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, respectively. Diosgenin at its IC50 concentration induced a significant increase in cell apoptosis after 24 hours of treatment (P < 0.05). Additionally, it caused a significant reduction in the expression of β-catenin, cyclin D1, and Pin1 (βCP). Conclusions: Diosgenin exhibits anti-CC effects by inhibiting the expression of βCP genes involved in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for CC.
Antimicrobial Activity of Bacillus Coagulans Supernatant Against Human Enteric Pathogens
Authors: Ostad Elaheh , Ataee Nazanin , Shokouhfard Maliheh
Published: October 2024

Background: Chronic bacterial diarrheas are common intestinal infections that have been treated with antibiotics for many years. However, the excessive use of antibiotics has led to the development of resistance in the bacteria that cause these infections. As a result, there has been growing interest in using probiotics with antibacterial effects and a greater ability to survive stomach acidity to help control antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Objectives: In the current study, the antimicrobial activity of Bacillus coagulans (a probiotic bacterium) against four different enteric pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri, and Bacillus cereus), which play a significant role in the prevalence of bacterial diarrhea, has been investigated. Methods: The antimicrobial effect of the cell-free supernatant of Bacillus coagulans against pathogens (E. coli, S. typhi, Sh. flexneri, and B. cereus) was studied using agar well-diffusion, agar disc-diffusion, as well as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. In the MIC test, the concentrations of B. coagulans cell-free supernatant examined were 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, and 3.1 µg per mL. Each bacterial strain was tested in four replicates. Results: The antimicrobial activity of B. coagulans supernatant was not observed in either the agar well-diffusion or agar disc-diffusion results. However, MIC results showed that different concentrations of B. coagulans supernatant significantly inhibit the growth of E. coli (MIC = 25 µg/mL, P < 0.0001), S. typhi (MIC = 50 μg/mL, P < 0.0001), S. flexneri (MIC = 3.1 μg/mL, P < 0.0001), and B. cereus (MIC = 100 µg/mL, P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The MBC results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of the supernatant had no bactericidal effects and did not completely prevent the growth of all four pathogens. Although the MIC results indicated the antibacterial activity of B. coagulans against all four pathogens, further studies are required to draw more accurate conclusions.
Nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación, Eva, Buscadores y Gestión Documental
Authors: Heredia Enríquez Rodolfo Bayardo
Published: October 2024

Las Nuevas TIC se refieren a herramientas y recursos digitales que han transformado profundamente la forma en que nos comunicamos, accedemos a información y realizamos actividades. Características clave incluyen la digitalización, conectividad, interactividad, convergencia y movilidad. Ejemplos destacados son Internet, redes sociales, dispositivos móviles, Inteligencia Artificial, Realidad Aumentada y Blockchain. Estos avances han impactado áreas como trabajo, educación y vida cotidiana. Los asistentes virtuales como Eva utilizan Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural e IA para interacciones naturales y tareas como búsquedas y control de dispositivos. Los buscadores web usan algoritmos avanzados para indexar y priorizar resultados relevantes. La gestión documental abarca procesos de creación, organización y preservación de documentos digitales y físicos, buscando eficiencia, acceso a información y cumplimiento normativo. En conjunto, las Nuevas TIC han transformado la forma en que vivimos y trabajamos.
УНИВЕРСАЛЬНЫЕ ПОСТОЯННЫЕ И ПРОСТОЕ РЕШЕШИЕ УРАВНЕНИЯ ГРАВИТАЦИИ АЛЬБЕРТА ЭЙНШТЕЙНА
Authors: Кошман В.С.
Published: October 2024

Показано, что мировые константы позволяют получить дополнительные сведения и о физических переменных, и о физической картине мира. Приведено решение уравнения гравитации Эйнштейна, отражающее взаимосвязь между массой Вселенной, радиусом ее сферы и космологическим временем.
РЕЧЕВАЯ ПРАКТИКА МЛАДШИХ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ С НАРУШЕНИЕМ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА
Authors: Сат Н.Д.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматривается влияние системы специальных коммуникативных упражнений на формирование связной речи у младших школьников с нарушением интеллекта. Автор приходит к выводу, что большую роль при этом играет учёт особых образовательных потребностей этой категории детей.
The dung beetles of Venezuela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): catalogue and updated distribution
Authors: Lozano de la Rosa Cecilia , Cupello Mario , Vaz-De-Mello Fernando Z.
Published: October 2024

Venezuela’s diverse land ecosystems are grouped into four major regions (coast-islands, low plains, hills and mountains), ranging from sea level up to 4978 m. The Scarabaeinae (Scarabaeidae, Coleoptera) currently encompass 278 genera and 6837 species worldwide, but are poorly inventoried in Venezuela. We reviewed the literature and the material housed at the entomological collection of the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (CEMT), Cuiabá, Brazil, and found 32 genera and 149 species of dung beetles as certainly present in Venezuela. Twenty-four of these species are, as far as current knowledge goes, endemic to the country, while another 34 are restricted to Venezuela and the neighbouring countries of Colombia, Brazil, Trinidad and Tobago, and Guyana. Additionally, 36 species are deemed potential inhabitants of the country, whilst 14 others previously recorded in the literature as part of the Venezuelan fauna are here concluded not to be actually present there. Complete literature is listed for each genus and species, and information on type material, material examined, worldwide distribution, and Venezuelan records is also presented.
Management of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome in Pediatric Patients: A Clinical Review
Authors: Huynh Peter , Brown Alex , Campisi Lauren , Mruk Allison , Nguyen Tran , Raschka Mike , Afolabi Titilola
Published: October 2024

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a chronic illness with unknown mortality and high morbidity, often diagnosed in the adolescent years. Published literature regarding POTS primarily focuses on the adult population, and guidance on treatment in pediatrics is sparse. The purpose of this clinical review is to evaluate the current literature on the management of POTS in pediatric patients. A search was conducted using the Cochrane database, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Studies were included if they evaluated the management of POTS, primarily in pediatric patients. Case reports and series were excluded. Eight published studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. To date, there are no US Food and Drug Administration-approved agents for the treatment of POTS. However, select pharmacological therapies have shown positive outcomes by addressing symptom origins, such as providing heart rate control, peripheral autonomic modulation, and targeting hypovolemia. Targeted pharmacological therapies studied in children and young adults include ivabradine, metoprolol, midodrine, pyridostigmine, intravenous crystalloid fluids, and fludrocortisone. Before adding pharmacotherapeutic interventions, non-pharmacologic interventions such as patient education, avoidance of symptom-triggering environments and medications, dietary fluid and sodium supplementation, exercise, and use of compression garments should be first attempted. Although the body of evidence for the management of POTS is expanding, additional research is needed to determine safe and efficacious dosing and establish clear guidelines for POTS in the pediatric population.
Ketorolac Dose Ceiling Effect for Pediatric Headache in the Emergency Department
Authors: Lefchak Brian , Morgan Danielle , Finch Mike , Madhok Manu , Raschka Mike
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

This study sought to demonstrate a non-inferiority analgesic ceiling effect previously ­demonstrated within adults for pediatric patients receiving a maximum ketorolac dose of 15 mg.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pediatric ED patients weighing at least 60 kg treated with 30 mg (pre-intervention) or 15 mg (post-intervention) intravenous (IV) ketorolac for headache. The primary outcome included patient-reported pain scores. Additional outcomes included demographic variables, adjunct medication use and adverse effects. Categorical data were evaluated using a χ2 test, and numerical data were evaluated using an ANOVA F test and Welch 2-sample t test.

RESULTS

The pre- and post-intervention groups included 216 and 62 patients, respectively. Overall demographics were similar between the groups (72.3% female, 49.3% White/Caucasian, mean age 15.5 years, mean weight 79.2 kg, and mean baseline 10-point pain score 7.5). Twelve (5.6%) in the pre-intervention group required rescue analgesic compared with 2 patients (3.2%) in the post-intervention group (p = 0.416). In the pre-intervention group, 198 patients (91.7%) received nausea medication compared with 52 patients (83.9%) in the post-intervention group (p = 0.087). Mean 10-point pain scores following ketorolac administration decreased by 3.9 in the pre-intervention group compared with 5.1 in the post-intervention group (p = < 0.001). Common (0.9%) or rare (0.9%) side effects were infrequent and only seen in the pre-intervention group patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Truncating the maximum intravenous ketorolac dose in pediatric patients at least 60 kg in weight to 15 mg compared with 30 mg results in effective analgesia in pediatric patients with headache. Future research could explore differences in admission rates, treatment of other indications, or treatment with multiple-dose regimens.
Impact of Age and Concurrent Antiseizure Medication Use on Lacosamide Dose to Concentration Ratio and Dosing in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Woods Megan , Phelps Stephanie J. , Christensen Michael L. , Meibohm Bernd , Wheless James W.
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate age, adjunctive antiseizure medication (ASM), and specific ASMs on lacosamide (LCM) weight normalized dose-to-concentration ratio (DCR) and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) dosing guidelines in pediatric patients.

METHODS

Patients 1 mo to ≤18 years with a LCM serum concentration between October 2009 and June 2017 were considered. Demographics, LCM DCR, and adjunctive ASM were recorded. LCM DCR/hr was used as a surrogate for clearance. Data were stratified by age (1 mo-< 2 yr; ≥ 2–6 yr; ≥ 6–12 yr; and ≥12–≤18 yr), FDA dosing weights, and ASM potential to interaction with LCM.

RESULTS

There were 646 sera (380 patients) with median dose 8.36 mg/kg/day (IQR, 5.92–11.16). 50.2% of doses were within FDA-weight guidelines; however, 40.4% exceeded recommendations. Most (81.3%) LCM concentrations were between 2 and 12 mg/L. A difference existed in DCR between ages, with those <2 years having the highest DCR (p < 0.001). Moving across age groups, the DCR decreases by 30.7%, 50.5%, and 63.4%. There was a weak (r2 = 0.073) but significant (p < 0.001) negative correlation between DCR and age. 84.8% received adjunctive ASM consisting of at least one of 31 different ASMs. DCR was higher with adjunctive ASMs compared with monotherapy [0.061 (0.039–0.095) vs 0.043 (0.030–0.062)], respectively (p < 0.001) and was greatest with inducers. Phenobarbital increased DCR by 2.6-fold, topiramate by 72.1%, and clobazam by 32.6%. Inhibitors had no effect.

CONCLUSIONS

The correlation between age and DCR was weak, accounting for 6% of variability. Strong inducers significantly increased DCR. Synergy may exist when multiple inducers are given. Weak inhibitors did not affect DCR. Those ≥6 to 11 kg, ≥30 to 50 kg, and those given strong inducers may require larger ­initial LCM doses. Serum concentrations should be used to individualize dosing, especially in those receiving strong inducers.