bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Smart Power Electronic Multiconverter for the Residential Sector
Authors: Guerrero-Martinez Miguel , Milanes-Montero Maria , Barrero-Gonzalez Fermin , Miñambres-Marcos Victor , Romero-Cadaval Enrique , Gonzalez-Romera Eva
Published: May 2017

The future of the grid includes distributed generation and smart grid technologies. Demand Side Management (DSM) systems will also be essential to achieve a high level of reliability and robustness in power systems. To do that, expanding the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and Energy Management Systems (EMS) are necessary. The trend direction is towards the creation of energy resource hubs, such as the smart community concept. This paper presents a smart multiconverter system for residential/housing sector with a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) consisting of supercapacitor and battery, and with local photovoltaic (PV) energy source integration. The device works as a distributed energy unit located in each house of the community, receiving active power set-points provided by a smart community EMS. This central EMS is responsible for managing the active energy flows between the electricity grid, renewable energy sources, storage equipment and loads existing in the community. The proposed multiconverter is responsible for complying with the reference active power set-points with proper power quality; guaranteeing that the local PV modules operate with a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm; and extending the lifetime of the battery thanks to a cooperative operation of the HESS. A simulation model has been developed in order to show the detailed operation of the system. Finally, a prototype of the multiconverter platform has been implemented and some experimental tests have been carried out to validate it.
Comparison Study between RMS and Edge Detection Image Processing Algorithms for a Pulsed Laser UWPI (Ultrasonic Wave Propagation Imaging)-Based NDT Technique
Authors: Lee Changgil , Zhang Aoqi , Yu Byoungjoon , Park Seunghee
Published: May 2017

In this study, a non-contact laser ultrasonic propagation imaging technique was applied to detect the damage of plate-like structures. Lamb waves were generated by an Nd:YAG pulse laser system, while a galvanometer-based laser scanner was used to scan the preliminarily designated area. The signals of the structural responses were measured using a piezoelectric sensor attached on the front or back side of the plates. The obtained responses were analyzed by calculating the root mean square (RMS) values to achieve the visualization of structural defects such as crack, corrosion, and so on. If the propagating waves encounter the damage, the waves are scattered at the damage and the energy of the scattered waves can be expressed by the RMS values. In this study, notch and corrosion were artificially formed on aluminum plates and were considered as structural defects. The notches were created with different depths and angles on the aluminum plates, and the corrosion damage was formed with different depths and areas. To visualize the damage more clearly, edge detection methodologies were applied to the RMS images and the feasibility of the methods was investigated. The results showed that most of the edge detection methods were good at detecting the shape and/or the size of the damage while they had poor performance of detecting the depth of the damage.
Underwater Depth and Temperature Sensing Based on Fiber Optic Technology for Marine and Fresh Water Applications
Authors: Duraibabu Dinesh , Leen Gabriel , Toal Daniel , Newe Thomas , Lewis Elfed , Dooly Gerard
Published: May 2017

Oceanic conditions play an important role in determining the effects of climate change and these effects can be monitored through the changes in the physical properties of sea water. In fact, Oceanographers use various probes for measuring the properties within the water column. CTDs (Conductivity, Temperature and Depth) provide profiles of physical and chemical parameters of the water column. A CTD device consists of Conductivity (C), Temperature (T) and Depth (D) probes to monitor the water column changes with respect to relative depth. An optical fibre-based point sensor used as a combined pressure (depth) and temperature sensor and the sensor system are described. Measurements accruing from underwater trials of a miniature sensor for pressure (depth) and temperature in the ocean and in fresh water are reported. The sensor exhibits excellent stability and its performance is shown to be comparable with the Sea-Bird Scientific commercial sensor: SBE9Plus.
Evaluation of Feature Extraction and Recognition for Activity Monitoring and Fall Detection Based on Wearable sEMG Sensors
Authors: Xi Xugang , Tang Minyan , Miran Seyed M. , Luo Zhizeng
Published: May 2017

As an essential subfield of context awareness, activity awareness, especially daily activity monitoring and fall detection, plays a significant role for elderly or frail people who need assistance in their daily activities. This study investigates the feature extraction and pattern recognition of surface electromyography (sEMG), with the purpose of determining the best features and classifiers of sEMG for daily living activities monitoring and fall detection. This is done by a serial of experiments. In the experiments, four channels of sEMG signal from wireless, wearable sensors located on lower limbs are recorded from three subjects while they perform seven activities of daily living (ADL). A simulated trip fall scenario is also considered with a custom-made device attached to the ankle. With this experimental setting, 15 feature extraction methods of sEMG, including time, frequency, time/frequency domain and entropy, are analyzed based on class separability and calculation complexity, and five classification methods, each with 15 features, are estimated with respect to the accuracy rate of recognition and calculation complexity for activity monitoring and fall detection. It is shown that a high accuracy rate of recognition and a minimal calculation time for daily activity monitoring and fall detection can be achieved in the current experimental setting. Specifically, the Wilson Amplitude (WAMP) feature performs the best, and the classifier Gaussian Kernel Support Vector Machine (GK-SVM) with Permutation Entropy (PE) or WAMP results in the highest accuracy for activity monitoring with recognition rates of 97.35% and 96.43%. For fall detection, the classifier Fuzzy Min-Max Neural Network (FMMNN) has the best sensitivity and specificity at the cost of the longest calculation time, while the classifier Gaussian Kernel Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis (GK-FDA) with the feature WAMP guarantees a high sensitivity (98.70%) and specificity (98.59%) with a short calculation time (65.586 ms), making it a possible choice for pre-impact fall detection. The thorough quantitative comparison of the features and classifiers in this study supports the feasibility of a wireless, wearable sEMG sensor system for automatic activity monitoring and fall detection.
History-Based Response Threshold Model for Division of Labor in Multi-Agent Systems
Authors: Lee Wonki , Kim DaeEun
Published: May 2017

Dynamic task allocation is a necessity in a group of robots. Each member should decide its own task such that it is most commensurate with its current state in the overall system. In this work, the response threshold model is applied to a dynamic foraging task. Each robot employs a task switching function based on the local task demand obtained from the surrounding environment, and no communication occurs between the robots. Each individual member has a constant-sized task demand history that reflects the global demand. In addition, it has response threshold values for all of the tasks and manages the task switching process depending on the stimuli of the task demands. The robot then determines the task to be executed to regulate the overall division of labor. This task selection induces a specialized tendency for performing a specific task and regulates the division of labor. In particular, maintaining a history of the task demands is very effective for the dynamic foraging task. Various experiments are performed using a simulation with multiple robots, and the results show that the proposed algorithm is more effective as compared to the conventional model.
Study of ZnS Nanostructures Based Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Biosensors for Uric Acid Detection
Authors: Zhao Yao , Wei Xueyong , Peng Niancai , Wang Jiuhong , Jiang Zhuangde
Published: May 2017

Uric acid (UA) is a kind of purine metabolism product and important in clinical diagnosis. In this work, we present a study of ZnS nanostructures-based electrochemical and photoelectrochemical biosensors for UA detection. Through a simple hydrothermal method and varying the ratio of reaction solvents, we obtained ZnS nanomaterials of one-dimensional to three-dimensional morphologies and they were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To fabricate the UA biosensor and study the effect of material morphology on its performance, ZnS nanomaterials were deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) conducting glass and then coated with uricase by physical absorption. Three kinds of working electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry method. The effect of material morphology on performance of UA detection was investigated via amperometric response based electrochemical method based on enzymatic reaction. The ZnS urchin-like nanostructures electrode shows better sensitivity compared with those made of nanoparticles and nanoflakes because of its high surface-area-to-volume ratio. The photoelectrochemical method for detection of UA was also studied. The sensitivity was increased 5 times after irradiation of 300 nm UV light. These results indicate that ZnS nanostructures are good candidate materials for developing enzyme-based UA biosensors.
Vital Sign Monitoring and Mobile Phone Usage Detection Using IR-UWB Radar for Intended Use in Car Crash Prevention
Authors: Leem Seong , Khan Faheem , Cho Sung
Published: May 2017

In order to avoid car crashes, active safety systems are becoming more and more important. Many crashes are caused due to driver drowsiness or mobile phone usage. Detecting the drowsiness of the driver is very important for the safety of a car. Monitoring of vital signs such as respiration rate and heart rate is important to determine the occurrence of driver drowsiness. In this paper, robust vital signs monitoring through impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) radar is discussed. We propose a new algorithm that can estimate the vital signs even if there is motion caused by the driving activities. We analyzed the whole fast time vital detection region and found the signals at those fast time locations that have useful information related to the vital signals. We segmented those signals into sub-signals and then constructed the desired vital signal using the correlation method. In this way, the vital signs of the driver can be monitored noninvasively, which can be used by researchers to detect the drowsiness of the driver which is related to the vital signs i.e., respiration and heart rate. In addition, texting on a mobile phone during driving may cause visual, manual or cognitive distraction of the driver. In order to reduce accidents caused by a distracted driver, we proposed an algorithm that can detect perfectly a driver's mobile phone usage even if there are various motions of the driver in the car or changes in background objects. These novel techniques, which monitor vital signs associated with drowsiness and detect phone usage before a driver makes a mistake, may be very helpful in developing techniques for preventing a car crash.
Extraction of Rice Phenological Differences under Heavy Metal Stress Using EVI Time-Series from HJ-1A/B Data
Authors: Liu Shuyuan , Liu Xiangnan , Liu Meiling , Wu Ling , Ding Chao , Huang Zhi
Published: May 2017

An effective method to monitor heavy metal stress in crops is of critical importance to assure agricultural production and food security. Phenology, as a sensitive indicator of environmental change, can respond to heavy metal stress in crops and remote sensing is an effective method to detect plant phenological changes. This study focused on identifying the rice phenological differences under varied heavy metal stress using EVI (enhanced vegetation index) time-series, which was obtained from HJ-1A/B CCD images and fitted with asymmetric Gaussian model functions. We extracted three phenological periods using first derivative analysis: the tillering period, heading period, and maturation period; and constructed two kinds of metrics with phenological characteristics: date-intervals and time-integrated EVI, to explore the rice phenological differences under mild and severe stress levels. Results indicated that under severe stress the values of the metrics for presenting rice phenological differences in the experimental areas of heavy metal stress were smaller than the ones under mild stress. This finding represents a new method for monitoring heavy metal contamination through rice phenology.
An Improved Compressive Sensing and Received Signal Strength-Based Target Localization Algorithm with Unknown Target Population for Wireless Local Area Networks
Authors: Yan Jun , Yu Kegen , Chen Ruizhi , Chen Liang
Published: May 2017

In this paper a two-phase compressive sensing (CS) and received signal strength (RSS)-based target localization approach is proposed to improve position accuracy by dealing with the unknown target population and the effect of grid dimensions on position error. In the coarse localization phase, by formulating target localization as a sparse signal recovery problem, grids with recovery vector components greater than a threshold are chosen as the candidate target grids. In the fine localization phase, by partitioning each candidate grid, the target position in a grid is iteratively refined by using the minimum residual error rule and the least-squares technique. When all the candidate target grids are iteratively partitioned and the measurement matrix is updated, the recovery vector is re-estimated. Threshold-based detection is employed again to determine the target grids and hence the target population. As a consequence, both the target population and the position estimation accuracy can be significantly improved. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves the best accuracy among all the algorithms compared.
The Barriers to Millennials Visiting Rouge Urban National Park
Authors: Ramsay Gillian , Dodds Rachel , Furtado Daniela , Mykhayletska Yana , Kirichenko Anna , Majedian Mana
Published: May 2017

Intensified urbanization has led to more populated cities and less green spaces which are vital to community health, wellbeing and conservation. Rouge Urban National Park in Toronto has recently become Canada’s first urban national park. This park is ideally suited to the millennial population, offering outdoor recreation and green space that this growing market generally desires. There is, however, a lack of research into visitor motivations to urban parks and more specifically millennial motivations. Findings from 280 quantitative surveys found three main barriers to visiting the Urban National Park: distance, transportation, and awareness. The lack of public transport combined with road congestion and fewer millennials owning cars creates issues with accessibility. Poor branding and knowledge through electronic media creates low awareness within a demographic market so tied to technology.
A Multi-Methodological Approach to Complex Problem Solving: The Case of Serbian Enterprise
Authors: Zlatanović Dejana
Published: May 2017

Increasing complexity and diversity of management problems in modern enterprises requires the increasing diversity of models, methods, and methodologies. In creatively dealing with these complex, changeable and multidimensional management problems, i.e., problem situations, different systems methodologies for problem situations, structuring have been developed. Since no methodology is able to explore all aspects of the complex problems in enterprises, the topic of this paper is a multi-methodology approach that implies combining selected systems methodologies (Strategic Assumptions Surfacing and Testing, Team Syntegrity and Organizational Cybernetics) within a particular intervention. Therefore, research in the paper is relied on Critical Systems Thinking as a conceptual framework for combined use of systems methodologies. The paper aims to demonstrate how mixing the selected systems methodologies and tools can help managers in solving complex problems, such as the issues of strategy formulation and implementation in enterprises. Accordingly, combining these methodologies to support strategy formulation and implementation is applied to a Serbian enterprise.
Synthesis and Sintering of ZnO Nanopowders
Authors: Aimable Anne , Goure Doubi Hervé , Stuer Michael , Zhao Zhe , Bowen Paul
Published: May 2017

Nanopowders are continuously under investigation as they open new perspectives in numerous fields. There are two main challenges to stimulating their development: sufficient low-cost, high throughput synthesis methods which lead to a production with well-defined and reproducible properties; and for ceramics specifically, the conservation of the powders’ nanostructure after sintering. In this context, this paper presents the synthesis of a pure nanosized powder of ZnO (dv50~60 nm, easily redispersable) by using a continuous Segmented Flow Tubular Reactor (SFTR), which has previously shown its versatility and its robustness, ensuring a high powder quality and reproducibility over time. A higher scale of production can be achieved based on a “scale-out” concept by replicating the tubular reactors. The sinterability of ZnO nanopowders synthesized by the SFTR was studied, by natural sintering at 900 °C and 1100 °C, and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) at 900 °C. The performance of the synthesized nanopowder was compared to a commercial ZnO nanopowder of high quality. The samples obtained from the synthesized nanopowder could not be densified at low temperature by traditional sintering, whereas SPS led to a fully dense material after only 5 min at 900 °C, while also limiting the grain growth, thus leading to a nanostructured material.
Venom On-a-Chip: A Fast and Efficient Method for Comparative Venomics
Authors: Zancolli Giulia , Sanz Libia , Calvete Juan , Wüster Wolfgang
Published: May 2017

Venom research has attracted an increasing interest in disparate fields, from drug development and pharmacology, to evolutionary biology and ecology, and rational antivenom production. Advances in “-omics” technologies have allowed the characterization of an increasing number of animal venoms, but the methodology currently available is suboptimal for large-scale comparisons of venom profiles. Here, we describe a fast, reproducible and semi-automated protocol for investigating snake venom variability, especially at the intraspecific level, using the Agilent Bioanalyzer on-chip technology. Our protocol generated a phenotype matrix which can be used for robust statistical analysis and correlations of venom variation with ecological correlates, or other extrinsic factors. We also demonstrate the ease and utility of combining on-chip technology with previously fractionated venoms for detection of specific individual toxin proteins. Our study describes a novel strategy for rapid venom discrimination and analysis of compositional variation at multiple taxonomic levels, allowing researchers to tackle evolutionary questions and unveiling the drivers of the incredible biodiversity of venoms.
Role of Homologous Fc Fragment in the Potency and Efficacy of Anti‐Botulinum Antibody Preparations
Authors: Torgeman Amram , Ozeri Eyal , Ben David Alon , Diamant Eran , Rosen Osnat , Schwartz Arieh , Barnea Ada , Makovitzki Arik , Mimran Avishai , Zichel Ran
Published: May 2017

The only approved treatment for botulism relies on passive immunity which is mostly based on antibody preparations collected from hyper‐immune horses. The IgG Fc fragment is commonly removed from these heterologous preparations to reduce the incidence of hyper‐sensitivity reactions. New‐generation therapies entering the pipeline are based on a combination of humanized monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), which exhibit improved safety and pharmacokinetics. In the current study, a systematic and quantitative approach was applied to measure the direct contribution of homologous Fc to the potency of monoclonal and polyclonal antitoxin preparations in mice. Homologous Fc increased the potency of three individual anti‐botulinum toxin MAbs by up to one order of magnitude. Moreover, Fc fragment removal almost completely abolished the synergistic potency obtained from a combined preparation of these three MAbs. The MAb mixture neutralized a 400‐mouse median lethal dose (MsLD50) of botulinum toxin, whereas the F(ab′)2 combination failed to neutralize 10 MsLD50 of botulinum toxin. Notably, increased avidity did not compensate for this phenomenon, as a polyclonal, hyper‐immune, homologous preparation lost 90% of its potency as well upon Fc removal. Finally, the addition of homologous Fc arms to a heterologous pharmaceutical anti‐botulinum toxin polyclonal horse F(ab′)2 preparation improved its efficacy when administered to intoxicated symptomatic mice. Our study extends the aspects by which switching from animal‐based to human‐based antitoxins will improve not only the safety but also the potency and efficacy of passive immunity against toxins.
Classical Collapse to Black Holes and Quantum Bounces: A Review
Authors: Malafarina Daniele
Published: May 2017

In the last four decades, different programs have been carried out aiming at understanding the final fate of gravitational collapse of massive bodies once some prescriptions for the behaviour of gravity in the strong field regime are provided. The general picture arising from most of these scenarios is that the classical singularity at the end of collapse is replaced by a bounce. The most striking consequence of the bounce is that the black hole horizon may live for only a finite time. The possible implications for astrophysics are important since, if these models capture the essence of the collapse of a massive star, an observable signature of quantum gravity may be hiding in astrophysical phenomena. One intriguing idea that is implied by these models is the possible existence of exotic compact objects, of high density and finite size, that may not be covered by an horizon. The present article outlines the main features of these collapse models and some of the most relevant open problems. The aim is to provide a comprehensive (as much as possible) overview of the current status of the field from the point of view of astrophysics. As a little extra, a new toy model for collapse leading to the formation of a quasi static compact object is presented.
Disease Prevention: An Opportunity to Expand Edible Plant-Based Vaccines?
Authors: Concha Christopher , Cañas Raúl , Macuer Johan , Torres María , Herrada Andrés , Jamett Fabiola , Ibáñez Cristian
Published: May 2017

The lethality of infectious diseases has decreased due to the implementation of crucial sanitary procedures such as vaccination. However, the resurgence of pathogenic diseases in different parts of the world has revealed the importance of identifying novel, rapid, and concrete solutions for control and prevention. Edible vaccines pose an interesting alternative that could overcome some of the constraints of traditional vaccines. The term “edible vaccine” refers to the use of edible parts of a plant that has been genetically modified to produce specific components of a particular pathogen to generate protection against a disease. The aim of this review is to present and critically examine “edible vaccines” as an option for global immunization against pathogenic diseases and their outbreaks and to discuss the necessary steps for their production and control and the list of plants that may already be used as edible vaccines. Additionally, this review discusses the required standards and ethical regulations as well as the advantages and disadvantages associated with this powerful biotechnology tool.
Analysis of Pneumatic Pressure Vibration Affected by Connecting WCs and Discharge Load Types
Authors: Fujimura Kazuya , Sakaue Kyosuke
Published: May 2017

In the design of a drainage system, allowable drainage flow quantity (drainage capability) is defined for each pipe diameter in order to prevent seal water from breaking. In Japan, SHASE-S 218 (Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Sanitary Standard) stipulates the evaluation standard for drainage capability. Regardless of the presence or absence of connection of the traps, there are two types of test criteria. One is that pressure in the pipe should fall within ±400 Pa, and the other is that the seal loss should be less than 25 mm. Nevertheless, recent studies revealed that the connecting of traps attenuates pneumatic pressure in pipes and causes a tendency of the power spectrum distribution to change. This phenomenon may be attributable to the fact that seal water vibration is a response phenomenon to pneumatic pressure vibration, and that they affect each other. In view of this, we conducted discharge experiments based on SHASE-S 218 with and without traps (including water-saving toilet bowl (hereinafter, referred to as “WC”) using a real size drainage experimental system to clarify how the connection of WC might influence pneumatic pressure. We revealed that as the number of toilets connected to the drainage system increases, the pneumatic pressure and seal water loss decrease.
APPLYING OPTIMAL CHOICES FOR REAL POWERTRAIN AND LIGHTWEIGHTING TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS TO PASSENGER VEHICLES UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Wilhelm Erik , Hofer Johannes , Cheah Lynette
Published: May 2017

This paper illustrates how cost-constrained optimization based on a set of real lightweighting and powertrain efficiency options can be used to guide decision-making for automotive manufacturers. The paper provides a method for answering the question posed by Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs): ‘given a maximum amount additional cost which can be passed on to consumers for fuel-saving technology with uncertain manufacturing cost, to what degree should it be spent on lightweighting versus powertrain efficiency improving technology’. The optimization is formulated as a 0–1 knapsack problem, and dynamic programming is used to find the global optimum technology combination at various levels of maximum up-front technology cost. This paper builds on previous work, which showed that for continuous marginal cost functions under uncertainty, a decision heuristic to either implement lightweighting technology or efficiency technology but not both under cost constraints was preferable. This work extends that result to provide more quantitative strategies for dealing with uncertainty, and finds that, despite uncertainty, optimum lightweighting and efficiency technology selections can be made for the real discrete cases studied. It is found that while the optimum efficiency technology set is highly sensitive to the up-front cost a consumer is willing to pay for future operational savings, lightweighting options are often selected preferentially to efficiency reduction measures. In the same sense, although both technologies are very sensitive to discount rate, lightweighting technologies are less sensitive. Fully hybridized vehicles emerge as a robust option, and, surprisingly, rank highly together with fully electric powertrains.
Small Coronal Holes Near Active Regions as Sources of Slow Solar Wind
Authors: Wang Y.-M.
Published: May 2017

We discuss the nature of the small areas of rapidly diverging, open magnetic flux that form in the strong unipolar fields at the peripheries of active regions (ARs), according to coronal extrapolations of photospheric field measurements. Because such regions usually have dark counterparts in extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) images, we refer to them as coronal holes, even when they appear as narrow lanes or contain sunspots. Revisiting previously identified “AR sources” of slow solar wind from 1998 and 1999, we find that they are all associated with EUV coronal holes; the absence of well-defined He i 1083.0 nm counterparts to some of these holes is attributed to the large flux of photoionizing radiation from neighboring AR loops. Examining a number of AR-associated EUV holes during the 2014 activity maximum, we confirm that they are characterized by wind speeds of ∼300–450 km s−1, O7+/O6+ ratios of ∼0.05–0.4, and footpoint field strengths typically of order 30 G. The close spacing between ARs at sunspot maximum limits the widths of unipolar regions and their embedded holes, while the continual emergence of new flux leads to rapid changes in the hole boundaries. Because of the highly nonradial nature of AR fields, the smaller EUV holes are often masked by the overlying canopy of loops, and may be more visible toward one solar limb than at central meridian. As sunspot activity declines, the AR remnants merge to form much larger, weaker, and longer-lived unipolar regions, which harbor the “classical” coronal holes that produce recurrent high-speed streams.
Stylistique littéraire, musique et « veille » sémiotique : l’exemple de l’ironie
Authors: Vallespir Mathilde
Published: May 2017

Nous souhaiterions ici tenter de définir le rôle que peut jouer la musique au sein d’une stylistique portant sur le texte littéraire. On montrera ainsi la façon dont le système sémiotique musical peut constituer un élément fondamental dans ce que l’on définira comme « veille » sémiotique. L’intégrer à toute investigation stylistique portant sur du langage verbal au titre de système sémiotique de comparaison permet d’une part, de se défendre d’amalgames faisant obstacle à une saisie de la spécificité de l’objet littéraire, d’autre part, d’autoriser une inscription de ce dernier au sein d’une perspective artistique plus générale. Après avoir défini la forme que doit prendre une veille sémiotique et ses enjeux au sein d’une démarche sémiostylistique, nous expliquerons en quoi les caractéristiques sémiotiques de la musique en font un système propre à fonder cette veille sémiotique, et nous appuierons sur l’exemple de la polyphonie et de l’ironie pour cerner les avantages heuristiques de la comparaison de l’objet littéraire au paradigme musical.
What Do Family Members Really Want When Older Adults Transition to a Nursing Home?
Authors: Lane Annette M. , Hirst Sandra P. , Hawranik Pamela , Reed Marlette B. , Rokhman Alina
Published: May 2017

The purpose of the current study was to explore family members' perceptions of supports received during the transition experience of their older adult family member into a nursing home. In this exploratory, descriptive, qualitative study, interviews were conducted with six family members during the initial 6-month period following admission of the older adult family members. One overarching theme was found:
importance of recognizing and supporting the personhood of older adult family members
. Implications for how older adults' personhood can be supported are described. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing
,
43
(11), 9–14.]
Clinical Results of Minimally Invasive Spine Stabilization for Spinal Metastases
Authors: Uei Hiroshi , Tokuhashi Yasuaki , Oshima Masashi , Maseda Masafumi , Matsumoto Koji , Soma Hirotoki , Nakayama Enshi , Tachikawa Yuichiro
Published: May 2017

The goal of the study was to evaluate minimally invasive palliative surgery and the effect of postoperative adjuvant therapy for metastatic spinal tumor with a limited vital prognosis. Of the 70 patients who underwent palliative surgery for metastatic spinal tumor at the authors' hospital between March 2012 and May 2016, thirty-three were treated with minimally invasive spine stabilization (MISt) using percutaneous pedicle screws (PPSs) and included in the current study. Of the 33 patients, 26 were men and 7 were women; mean age at surgery was 68.6 years. Intraoperatively, posterior decompression and fusion was performed in 17 (51.5%) patients and fusion only was performed in 16 (48.5%). Mean operative time was 202.5 minutes, mean intraoperative blood loss was 331.6 mL, and intraoperative blood loss was 1500 mL or greater in 2 (6.1%) patients. Median postoperative survival time determined using the Kaplan–Meier method was 11.0 months (95% confidence interval, 7.3–14.6). Regarding improvement of paralysis, neurological deficit was improved by at least 1 Frankel grade for 15 (45.5%) patients, and the number of ambulatory patients increased from 22 (66.7%) to 25 (75.8%). Postoperative adjuvant therapy included chemotherapy in 17 (51.5%) patients, radiotherapy in 21 (63.6%), and bone-modifying agent treatment in 25 (75.8%). The mean Barthel Index for activities of daily living improved from 53.5 preoperatively to 71.5 postoperatively. Discharge to home was possible for 23 (69.7%) patients. Activities of daily living for patients with metastatic spinal tumor were improved by minimally invasive palliative surgery with MISt using PPSs and postoperative adjuvant therapy. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(4):e693–e698.]
Mid-term Results of Total Hip and Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Chalmers Brian P. , Abdel Matthew P. , Taunton Michael J. , Trousdale Robert T. , Pagnano Mark W.
Published: May 2017

With antiretroviral therapy, patients who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive are increasingly becoming candidates for total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Prior reports focus on perioperative complications, but longer-term outcomes remain unclear. The authors specifically analyzed clinical outcomes, perioperative complications, and survivorship free of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of THAs and TKAs in HIV-positive patients who had extended follow-up. A total of 21 HIV-positive patients who underwent 29 primary arthroplasties (14 THAs, 15 TKAs) from 1992 to 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Mean age was 43 years and mean follow-up was 8 years. Mean perioperative CD4 cell count was 450 cells/mL; only 2 patients had perioperative CD4 cell counts less than 200 cells/mL. At mid-term follow-up, THAs and TKAs were reliable in improving function (mean postoperative Harris Hip Score: 87,
P
<.01; mean postoperative Knee Society Score: 83,
P
<.01). The rate of perioperative complications was high (17%). Patients with both hemophilia and HIV were at particular risk for complications at 33% (
P
=.04). Survivorship free of deep PJI was 100% in THAs at 10 years and 93% in TKAs at 10 years. Only 1 (7%) patient (1 TKA), who had a perioperative CD4 cell count of less than 200 cells/mL, was revised for deep PJI. In HIV-positive patients, both THAs and TKAs are reliable in alleviating pain and improving clinical function at mid-term follow-up. However, HIV-positive patients are at substantial risk of perioperative complications, especially with comorbid hemophilia. With antiretroviral therapy and maintained CD4 cell counts above 200 cells/mL, survivorship free of deep PJI approaches 100%. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(4):e699–e702.]
Three-Dimensional Templating for Acetabular Component Alignment During Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Elbuluk Ameer M. , Wojack Paul , Eftekhary Nima , Vigdorchik Jonathan M.
Published: May 2017

Appropriate placement of the acetabular cup is an important determinant of implant stability and longevity. Malposition of acetabular cups negatively influences prosthesis survival and leads to an increased dislocation rate. The objective of the study was to determine the role of 3-dimensional templating in obtaining accurate acetabular component placement in total hip arthroplasty. In this computed tomography-based study, the authors identified 93 patients who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty with computer-assisted navigation. Using 3-dimensional planning, the authors templated the acetabular component at an inclination of 40° and anteversion of 20°. To classify acetabular cup coverage by bone, the acetabulum was used as a clock face with the center of the transverse acetabular ligament (TAL) as 6-o'clock. Analyses revealed that 72% of cups were uncovered between 9- to 1-o'clock for right hips. On the left side, 88% of cups were uncovered between 11- to 3-o'clock. Across all hips, 74% of cups had a 1-o'clock position at the most lateral aspect. Further analysis revealed that 46% of acetabular cups had a teardrop at the same level of the most inferior aspect of the cup, whereas only 37% of cups had a teardrop above the inferior aspect of the cup. Finally, the acetabular component was aligned with the TAL in 76% of hips, retroverted to the TAL in 16%, and anteverted to the TAL in 8%. The current study demonstrates a useful gross intraoperative reference tool to standardize cup position without the need for additional equipment and reliance on anatomical landmarks. [Orthopedics.2017; 40(4):e708–e713.]
Comparison of Two Cognitive Training Programs With Effects on Functional Activities and Quality of Life
Authors: Hagovská Magdaléna , Dzvoník Oliver , Olekszyová Zuzana
Published: May 2017

The aim of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of two types of cognitive training in 60 older adults with mild cognitive impairment by assessing the impact on functional activities, quality of life (QOL), and various cognitive functions. The primary outcomes were functional activity level and QOL. The secondary outcome was cognitive examination. Group assignment was random. Group A (
n
= 30) underwent CogniPlus, a computer-based, cognitive training. Group B (
n
= 30) underwent classical group-based cognitive training. Both programs comprised two 30-minute sessions per week for 10 weeks. After training, group A had better QOL (
p
< 0.001, effect size [ES] = 0.69) and better attention (increased load score,
p
< 0.05, ES = −0.23; errors,
p
< 0.001, ES = −0.47); however, there were no group differences in functional activity level. Group A demonstrated larger improvements in QOL and attention than group B (i.e., classical cognitive training), but the transfer to functional activities was the same between groups.

[
Res Gerontol Nurs. 2017; 10(4):172–180.]
Delphinium fissum subsp. sordidum (Ranunculaceae) in Portugal: distribution and conservation status
Authors: Ramírez-Rodríguez Rubén , Medina Leopoldo , Menezes de Sequeira Miguel , Aguiar Carlos , Amich Francisco
Published: May 2017

Delphinium fissum subsp. sordidum has been found in calcareous and schistaceous slopes on the Mines of Santo Adrião, Trás-os-Montes region —close to Bragança, northeastern Portugal—. It is the first record of this taxon in Portugal and the westernmost locality of its general distribution area. Its conservation status, according to the most recent IUCN categories and criteria, should be “Critically Endangered” in Portugal.
The Foundation of Inclusion in Federal Legislation and Litigation
Authors: Yell Mitchell L. , Christle Christine A.
Published: May 2017

The foundation of inclusion in special education law is the least restrictive environment (LRE) mandate of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. This federal mandate requires that all students with disabilities receive their education with students without disabilities to the maximum extent appropriate. Our purpose in this chapter is to examine the legal basis of inclusion. We first review the historical antecedents of inclusion. Second, we examine the LRE mandate and the student placement requirements of the IDEA. Third, we survey the most important case law rulings regarding LRE and the placement of students with disabilities. Fourth, we consider strategies that have been used to promote inclusive placements and briefly review the literature on these strategies. We end this chapter by offering principles to guide IEP team members in making educationally beneficial and legally correct placement decisions for students with disabilities.
The Myth of Colorblindness
Authors: Logan Stephanie R.
Published: May 2017

The United States is becoming a more racially, ethnically, and linguistically diverse nation. More specifically, in public schools, students of color and those of Native American ancestry are anticipated to represent the majority of the student population in the near future. In contrast to the change in student demographics, the majority of classroom teachers remain White and monolingual. The differences in racial, ethnic, and linguistic experiences of the student and teacher populations could create cultural conflicts between the two groups. In response, this endeavor is purposed to provide an instructional framework for teacher educators who are tasked with preparing culturally competent teachers for increasingly multicultural classrooms.
Designing and Implementing Inclusive STEM Activities for Early Childhood
Authors: Donegan-Ritter Mary M. , Zan Betty
Published: May 2017

This chapter provides a rationale for high quality STEM experiences in inclusive early childhood (EC) classrooms, describes what high quality STEM experiences are and why they can be an ideal context for supporting the development of young children with special needs and dual language learners. The authors offer recommendations concerning how to plan and implement STEM learning centers to support the meaningful participation of all children using a tiered perspective that includes the framework of Universal Design for Learning. Ideas and resources for how teachers can plan STEM learning centers, integrate literacy and arts, and interact in ways to support the engagement of all children, especially those with special needs and dual language learners are shared. These strategies are recognized as best practices, and adhere to position statements endorsed by NAEYC and the recommended practices developed by the Division for Early Childhood of the Council for Exceptional Children (DEC, 2014).
A Swiss Protestant perspective on a multi-faith approach to the Swiss Army Chaplaincy
Authors: Inniger Matthias G. , Vorster Jacobus M. , Evans Byron
Published: May 2017

This article addresses issues of multi-faith army chaplaincies; specifically the issue of how chaplains can remain true to their own faith in a multi-faith care service. The issues addressed are relevant for chaplains and interested readers worldwide, even if this article focusses specifically on challenges in the context of the army chaplaincy of Switzerland. Due to the demographic development in Switzerland, a growing number of Muslims serve in the Swiss army. As a result, the Christian chaplaincy of the Swiss army is being challenged by increasing demands regarding Christian-Muslim dialogue. The chaplaincy asks whether or not it should involve Muslim chaplains and whether or not it should develop from a Christian one-faith to a multi-faith approach. The article at hand responds to these questions by referring to the previously published research by the same author (Inniger 2016) which provides appropriate answers to these questions. This research first identified theological-ethical principles that are valid in the Swiss Protestant church context regarding Christian-Muslim dialogue by means of an in-depth study of documents. It showed through an extended evaluation that the identified dialogue principles have not been implemented adequately in the context of the Swiss Army Chaplaincy. This research argues that Swiss Protestant churches only remain true to their principles in this field of work if they support the implementation of the identified dialogue principles. This research provides a proposal for an approach that would develop the care service of the Swiss army from a Christian one-faith to a multi-faith chaplaincy that includes, as a matter of course, the involvement of Muslim chaplains. Based on this research, this article points out that Protestant chaplains are able to remain true to their specific faith tradition, even if they do become involved in a multi-faith chaplaincy.
Enhancing resilience to landslide disaster risks through rehabilitation of slide scars by local communities in Mt Elgon, Uganda
Authors: Nakileza Bob R. , Majaliwa Mwajalolo J. , Wandera Abu , Nantumbwe Clare M.
Published: May 2017

Mass movements are key drivers affecting the utilisation of many farmlands and consequently the livelihoods in mountains’ ecosystems. Numerous expansive landslide scars can for years remain unusable for crop farming purposes, which is a major livelihood activity. This article examined the approaches and challenges faced by local communities in the rehabilitation of landslide-degraded areas in selected areas of Mt Elgon. Data were collected through field surveys of purposively selected scars, key informant interviews and focus group discussions with the local communities. The findings indicate that the local communities have initiated the rehabilitation of some scars to stabilise the slopes and also accelerate their quick recovery for beneficial purposes. Community trainings coupled with awareness and participatory actions during rehabilitation enhance community preparedness to landslide risks. However, there were noted constraints including limited resources, incidences of secondary slides, cracks and lack of adequate knowledge on the existing best practices for the rehabilitation of scars on deeply weathered soils. Further research should be focussed on generating relevant knowledge on regeneration rates under different socio-ecological conditions and for guiding sustainable utilisation of fragile areas.
Empowering patients, empowering clinicians: How the lessons of HIV can inform chronic disease management across the primary healthcare system
Authors: Mendelsohn Andrea S.
Published: May 2017

No abstract available.
Hypofractionated image-guided radiotherapy for the treatment of acoustic neuromas: A dosimetrically acceptable alternative to stereotactic radiosurgery in a resource-constrained environment
Authors: Burger Hester , Mac Gregor Hannelie , Balchin Ross , Parkes Jeannette D.
Published: May 2017

Purpose: Treatment options for acoustic neuromas (ANs) are limited in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hypofractionated image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) is a clinically acceptable treatment option for departments where no other radiosurgery options are available.
Methods and materials: Fifteen dynamic conformal arc plans that had been clinically utilised were evaluated against the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) radiosurgery criteria and published indices. Analysis involved evaluating critical structure doses and the volume of normal tissue receiving 12 and 10 Gy single fraction equivalent dose (V12Eq and V10Eq).
Results: Overall, there was only one RTOG protocol deviation in the whole patient group, where quality of coverage was compromised in order to achieve brainstem tolerance. Conformity indices were within clinically acceptable limits (CIPaddick ≥ 0.6) despite being inferior to the published Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZB) Gamma Knife and CyberKnife results (p < 0.0001). Homogeneity was superior to the Gamma Knife (p < 0.0001) and Novalis dynamic conformal arc (p = 0.0002) results. Gradient index results were inferior to all published techniques, but doses to the normal structures were well controlled with the exception of the cochlea. The V10Eq data showed increased sensitivity when compared with V12Eq.
Conclusion: Dynamic arc IGRT allows for good coverage of AN lesions, but the dose fall-off is not as steep as that obtained with mainstream radiosurgery systems. Contouring and planning should include detailed critical structures analysis. For normal brain parenchyma analysis, V10Eq is a superior risk indicator when compared to V12Eq for this technique. Dynamic arc IGRT offers a dosimetrically acceptable treatment alternative for patients without serviceable hearing, in departments where there are no mainstream radiosurgery treatment options available.