bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune Disease in Turner Syndrome in Sweden: An up to 25 Years’ Controlled Follow-up Study
Authors: Naessén Sabine , Eliasson Malin , Berntorp Kerstin , Kitlinski Margareta , Trimpou Penelope , Amundson Emily , Thunström Sofia , Ekman Bertil , Wahlberg Jeanette , Karlsson Anders , Isaksson Magnus , Bergström Ingrid , Levelind Carina , Bryman Inger , Landin-Wilhelmsen Kerstin
Published: September 2023

Context

Turner syndrome (TS) is the most common chromosomal aberration in women; it is the result of structural or numeric abnormalities in the X chromosome. Autoimmune hypothyroidism has been recognized as one of the more prominent disorders associated with TS.

Objective

This work aimed to study the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in TS.

Methods

A cross-sectional, longitudinal, 25-year follow-up study was conducted of patients from adult Turner centers at the University Hospitals, Sweden. During 1994 to 2020, a total of 503 women aged 16 to 71 years with TS were evaluated consecutively every fifth year according to national guidelines. A random population sample of women, n = 401, aged 25 to 44 years, from the World Health Organization Monitoring of Trends and Determinants for Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) project served as controls. Serum thyrotropin, free thyroxine, vitamin B12, antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), and antitransglutaminase antibodies were measured.

Results

Mean follow-up time (years) was 16 ± 7 for patients and 13 ± 1 for controls. From study start, the prevalence increased in TS for hypothyroidism 40% to 58%, vitamin B12 deficiency 5% to 12%, celiac disease 4% to 7%, positive anti-TPO 26% to 41%, and antitransglutaminase antibodies 6% to 8% (P < .0001 vs controls). Type 1 diabetes and Addison disease were rare. The only interrelationship was between hypothyroidism and vitamin B12 deficiency, both in TS and controls. No association between autoimmune disease and karyotype, antecedent growth hormone treatment, or ongoing estrogen hormone replacement, was seen in TS.

Conclusion

In women with TS up to older than 80 years, more than half developed hypothyroidism, mainly autoimmune, during follow-up. Awareness of vitamin B12 deficiency and celiac disease throughout life is also recommended in women with TS.
Gender Differences in Procedural Clinical Complications and Outcomes of Intracranial Aneurysms: Analysis of the Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry
Authors: Uchida Kazutaka , Matsukawa Hidetoshi , Sowlat Mohammad-Mahdi , Elawady Sameh Samir , Alawieh Ali , Jabbour Pascal , Mascitelli Justin , Levitt Michael R. , Cuellar Hugo , Samaniego Edgar A. , Kan Peter , Moss Mark , Spiotta Alejandro M. , Yoshimura Shinichi
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Some studies have shown that female patients had a poorer prognosis after endovascular treatment for ruptured intracranial aneurysm than male patients. However, data have been sparse regarding differences in the periprocedural and perioperative complication rate with ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

METHODS:

This retrospective cohort study used data from the Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry, a database of 9 institutions in the United States, Europe, and Asia. The study presented intracranial aneurysms after microsurgical and/or endovascular treatment from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2022. The primary outcome was incidence of periprocedural cerebral infarction. Secondary outcomes were periprocedural intracranial hemorrhage, periprocedural mortality, perioperative vasospasm, and functional outcome at 90 days after procedure.

RESULTS:

Among 3342 patients with aneurysm, 2447 were female and 857 were male, and the mean age of female and male patients was 59.6 and 57.1 years, respectively. Current smoker, family history of aneurysm, and ruptured aneurysm were observed in 23.5% vs 35.7 %, 10.8 % vs 5.7%, and 28.2% vs 40.5% of female and male patients, respectively. In female patients, internal carotid artery aneurysms were more commonly observed (31.1% vs 17.3%); however, anterior cerebral artery aneurysms were less commonly observed (18.5% vs 33.8%) compared with male patients. Periprocedural cerebral infarction rate was lower in female than male patients (2.4% vs 4.4%; P = .002). The adjusted odds ratio of primary outcome of female to male patients was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.46-1.12). Incidence of periprocedural intracranial hemorrhage and periprocedural mortality and perioperative symptomatic vasospasm and functional outcome was similar in both groups. In subgroup analysis, periprocedural cerebral infarction due to microsurgical treatment occurred frequently in male patients while incidence in endovascular treatment was similar in both groups (interaction P = .005).

CONCLUSION:

This large multicenter registry of patients undergoing intracranial aneurysm treatment found that female patients were not at increased risk of perioperative complications.
Surgical Management of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Exploring the Efficacy of the Posterior Intermuscular Approach in Cases Involving Bone Anomalies
Authors: Tolga Gediz , Nilay Yalçın Çavuşoğlu , Umut Mutlucan Ogün , Çağrı Türk Cezmi
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

This article presents a cohort study focusing on neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS) caused by bone anomalies in the cervicothoracic region, specifically the extraforaminal area and the scalene triangle. Our aim was to contribute to understanding NTOS diagnosis and management, particularly in patients with bone anomalies, and to highlight the potential benefits of the posterior intermuscular approach as a surgical option in this particular patient group.

METHODS:

We retrospectively evaluated the patients who underwent surgery for NTOS with accessory ribs or an elongated cervical vertebrae 7 (C7) transverse process (n = 9). Patients' clinical data, preoperative neurophysiological tests, cervical computed tomography (CT) scans, CT angiography, and postoperative cervical CT scans were reviewed. A single experienced surgeon used the posterior intermuscular approach on all patients. The accessory rib and/or elongated C7 transverse process and fibrous bands were removed; C7, C8, and T1 branches of the plexus were decompressed; and neurolysis was performed. Quality of life, a functional outcome, was measured by using Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, and pain was measured using visual analog scale scores.

RESULTS:

The mean follow-up time after surgery was 7 months (range: 4-10 months). Before surgery, the mean DASH score was 55.8 ± 5.6. At the 3- and 6-month postoperative evaluations, the mean DASH scores decreased to 15.7 ± 5.8 and 15.4 ± 5.7, respectively. The mean visual analog scale score was 8.2/10 before surgery and decreased to 2.4/10 and 2.1/10 at the 3- and 6-month postoperative evaluations, respectively. All patients experienced good or excellent recovery at the 3- and 6-month postoperative evaluations.

CONCLUSION:

Cervicothoracic extraforaminal area may be the primary site of nerve compression in NTOS, and posterior decompression using the posterior intermuscular approach can provide efficient access to extraforaminal nerve roots.
Gastric epithelial stem cells in development, homeostasis and regeneration
Authors: Alvina Fidelia B. , Chen Tanysha Chi-Ying , Lim Hui Yi Grace , Barker Nick
Published: September 2023

The stem/progenitor cell pool is indispensable for the development, homeostasis and regeneration of the gastric epithelium, owing to its defining ability to self-renew whilst supplying the various functional epithelial lineages needed to digest food efficiently. A detailed understanding of the intricacies and complexities surrounding the behaviours and roles of these stem cells offers insights, not only into the physiology of gastric epithelial development and maintenance, but also into the pathological consequences following aberrations in stem cell regulation. Here, we provide an insightful synthesis of the existing knowledge on gastric epithelial stem cell biology, including the in vitro and in vivo experimental techniques that have advanced such studies. We highlight the contributions of stem/progenitor cells towards patterning the developing stomach, specification of the differentiated cell lineages and maintenance of the mature epithelium during homeostasis and following injury. Finally, we discuss gaps in our understanding and identify key research areas for future work.
Outcomes of Women Undergoing Mastectomy for Unilateral Breast Cancer Who Elect to Undergo Contralateral Mastectomy for Symmetry: A Systematic Review
Authors: Griffin Cora , Fairhurst Katherine , Stables Imogen , Brunsden Sam , Potter Shelley
Published: September 2023

Background

Breast reconstruction (BR) is routinely offered to restore symmetry after mastectomy for breast cancer. Not all women, however, may want reconstructive surgery. A contralateral mastectomy (CM) to achieve “flat symmetry” can be an excellent alternative, but surgeons are often reluctant to offer this procedure. This systematic review aimed to summarize the available evidence regarding the outcomes of CM as the first step to developing guidelines in this area.

Methods

PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched to identify primary research studies, published in English between 1 January 2000 and 30 August 2022, evaluating clinical or patient-reported outcomes for women who underwent a CM without reconstruction after a mastectomy for unilateral breast cancer. Simple descriptive statistics summarized quantitative data, and content analysis was used for qualitative data.

Results

The study included 15 studies (13 quantitative, 1 qualitative, and 1 mixed-methods) evaluating outcomes for at least 1954 women who underwent a bilateral mastectomy without reconstruction (BM) after unilateral breast cancer. The risk of surgical complications after BM was higher than after unilateral mastectomy without reconstruction (UM) but significantly less than after BR. Satisfaction with the decision for BM was high in all the studies. Key themes relating to flat denial, stigma, and gender-based assumptions were identified.

Conclusion

Women electing to undergo BM reported high levels of satisfaction with their decision and complication rates similar to those for UM. Further study is needed to comprehensively explore the outcomes for women seeking BM, but these data should give surgeons confidence to offer the procedure as an alternative option for symmetry after unilateral mastectomy for breast cancer.

Registration: This systematic review was prospectively registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42022353689).
Black box no more: a scoping review of AI governance frameworks to guide procurement and adoption of AI in medical imaging and radiotherapy in the UK
Authors: Stogiannos Nikolaos , Malik Rizwan , Kumar Amrita , Barnes Anna , Pogose Michael , Harvey Hugh , McEntee Mark F , Malamateniou Christina
Published: September 2023

Technological advancements in computer science have started to bring artificial intelligence (AI) from the bench closer to the bedside. While there is still lots to do and improve, AI models in medical imaging and radiotherapy are rapidly being developed and increasingly deployed in clinical practice. At the same time, AI governance frameworks are still under development. Clinical practitioners involved with procuring, deploying, and adopting AI tools in the UK should be well-informed about these AI governance frameworks. This scoping review aimed to map out available literature on AI governance in the UK, focusing on medical imaging and radiotherapy. Searches were performed on Google Scholar, Pubmed, and the Cochrane Library, between June and July 2022. Of 4225 initially identified sources, 35 were finally included in this review. A comprehensive conceptual AI governance framework was proposed, guided by the need for rigorous AI validation and evaluation procedures, the accreditation rules and standards, and the fundamental ethical principles of AI. Fairness, transparency, trustworthiness, and explainability should be drivers of all AI models deployed in clinical practice. Appropriate staff education is also mandatory to ensure AI’s safe and responsible use. Multidisciplinary teams under robust leadership will facilitate AI adoption, and it is crucial to involve patients, the public, and practitioners in decision-making. Collaborative research should be encouraged to enhance and promote innovation, while caution should be paid to the ongoing auditing of AI tools to ensure safety and clinical effectiveness.
Interventional radiology training in the UK: a view from within—a national survey
Authors: Mahay Usman , Jenkins Paul , Watkins Linda , Mandal Indrajeet , Lewis Omotolani , Harborne Katrina Elizabeth , Patel Shian , Reicher John , Liu Wing Yan , Zhong Jim , Hamady Mohamad
Published: September 2023

Objective:

Interventional radiology (IR) training in the UK has evolved since recognition as a subspecialty in 2010 and introduction of a new curriculum in 2021. The changing landscape, increasing workload and COVID-19 have affected training. The purpose of this study was to review trainees’ perspectives on training and develop strategies to further improve training.

Methods:

Online survey approved by the British Society of Interventional Radiology Council distributed to British Society of Interventional Radiology Trainee members between 9 March 22 and 25 March 2022. The survey was open to all UK based ST4-6 IR trainees and fellows. Descriptive and thematic analysis was undertaken.

Results:

43 responses were received from 17/19 UK training regions. Females represented 10% (4/41) and 5% (2/43) less than full time (LTFT) trainees. 82% (31/38) felt their curriculum was suitable for their training and 28/38 (74%) were satisfied with IR training. Vascular IR, Interventional Oncology, paediatrics and stroke thrombectomy were identified as areas of training desiring improvement. 45% (18/40) stated exposure to IR led clinics and 17.5% (7/40) to IR led ward rounds. Only 6/38 (15.7%) received structured IR teaching at least once a month. Approximately, a third of respondents (13/38) stated training opportunities were significantly compromised secondary to COVID-19.

Conclusion:

This survey shows overall good satisfaction with IR training. However, improved training opportunities in vascular IR, interventional oncology, paediatric IR and stroke thrombectomy are required. In addition, access to clinics, ward rounds and protected time for research is needed to improve training quality.

Advances in knowledge:

New national UK IR training survey.
GESTÃO DAS CADEIAS DE SUPRIMENTOS DA SOJA E MILHO NO ESTADO DO MATO GROSSO (BRASIL)
Authors: Sogabe Vergilio Prado , Moori Roberto Giro , Morais Roberto Ramos de
Published: September 2023

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as prioridades competitivas que orientam a estratégia e o alinhamento da cadeia de suprimentos de soja e milho no estado do Mato Grosso (Brasil). Para tanto, utilizou como fundamentos temas da teoria das estratégias organizacionais como competitividade, gestão da cadeia de suprimentos e prioridades competitivas. Para assegurar a coerência entre o conjunto das diferentes correntes teóricas, foi utilizada como método uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório, do tipo qualitativa, com 12 gestores relacionados à cadeia de suprimentos. Para a coleta dos dados, foi utilizada a entrevista em profundidade com roteiro semiestruturado. O tratamento dos dados se deu pela análise de conteúdo, com suporte do software Nvivo 11.0, cujos resultados revelaram que a qualidade, o custo, a inovação e tecnologia, o crédito de custeio e a confiabilidade foram as prioridades competitivas mais utilizadas para o alinhamento estratégico da cadeia de suprimentos de soja e milho no estado do Mato Grosso (Brasil). Diante desses resultados, pôde-se evidenciar o alinhamento dessas prioridades entre os agentes da cadeia. No entanto, foram detectados pontos de conflitos e contradições que podem ser mitigados com a gestão da cadeia de suprimentos. Ainda, o estudo contribuiu para a sedimentação das prioridades competitivas como instrumento eficaz para gestão estratégica das cadeias de suprimentos da soja e milho. O estudo apresentou evidências empíricas de pontos de alinhamento e desalinhamento, entre os agentes envolvidos na produção de grãos.
ANÁLISE BIBLIOMÉTRICA DA LITERATURA ACERCA DAS COMPETÊNCIAS E HABILIDADES EMPREENDEDORAS DO AGROPECUARISTA NO CONTEXTO DA DIVERSIFICAÇÃO PARA O TURISMO RURAL
Authors: Rodrigues Iara De Oliveira , Reis Neto José Francisco dos
Published: September 2023

O objetivo foi proceder a uma revisão bibliométrica de produção acadêmica sobre as competências e habilidades empreendedoras dos agropecuaristas no contexto da diversificação ao turismo rural, com a técnica da revisão sistemática e análise bibliométrica Proknow-C (Knowledge Development Process – Constructivist). Em um conjunto de 72 (setenta e dois) artigos selecionados para o estudo, foram evidenciados poucos relatos sobre as habilidades para empresários rurais que diversificam o turismo rural. Foi possível identificar obras e autores mais influentes, países de destaque, com o intuito de compreender como se têm construído os laços no desenvolvimento da literatura acerca do tema proposto. Esse campo de pesquisa se encontra em ascensão com lacunas a serem preenchidas em pesquisas futuras, com base na análise dos clusters de palavras-chave e resumo, recomendando imersão nos temas impactos do desenvolvimento rural, diversificação nas fazendas e o papel da mulher agricultora, para, desta forma, alavancar a diversificação turismo rural de forma estratégica.
METODOLOGIAS DE DIVULGAÇÃO DOS RESULTADOS DA AUTOAVALIAÇÃO INSTITUCIONAL NA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA FRONTEIRA SUL
Authors: Klein Ricardo , Simon Lilian Wrzesinski , Ramos Alexandre Moraes , Pacheco Andressa Sasaki Vasques , Nunes Rogério Silva
Published: September 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a evolução das metodologias de divulgação dos resultados da autoavaliação institucional na Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS). A pesquisa foi baseada nas fontes de informações secundárias e na coleta de dados primários, obtidos em entrevista com a coordenação da Comissão Própria de Avaliação (CPA). Os resultados demonstraram que o trabalho da CPA passou por momentos de planejamento e engajamento dos membros, bem como por períodos desafiadores, com pouca participação e dificuldades para avançar na proposição de melhorias e de inovações. O caminho trilhado para superar as dificuldades foi seguir o planejamento proposto, aperfeiçoar os processos e fomentar o envolvimento da comunidade universitária, em prol da construção de uma cultura de avaliação participativa. A adoção de diversas estratégias de divulgação dos resultados ao longo do tempo promoveu melhorias nos processos avaliativos, possibilitando o lançamento de uma estratégia pioneira, democrática e abrangente na universidade.
A EDUCAÇÃO E ALFABETIZAÇÃO FINANCEIRA SOB A ÓTICA DAS FINANÇAS COMPORTAMENTAIS
Authors: Cruz Karina Kelen da , Brito Mozar José de , Carvalho Francisval De Melo
Published: September 2023

Não há um consenso no campo em finanças sobre a relação da educação/alfabetização financeira e o comportamento financeiro, evidenciando um gap de pesquisa sobre o entendimento de tais resultados contraditórios.  Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os resultados de uma revisão integrativa sobre o impacto da educação/alfabetização financeira na tomada de decisão das pessoas sob a ótica das Finanças Comportamentais. Os resultados revelaram que a existência de resultados contraditórios pode ser explicada pela falta de contextualização da educação/alfabetização financeira. Foram encontrados diversos moderadores subjacentes que influenciam no efeito percebido das intervenções da educação e alfabetização. Ademais, foram evidenciados constructos teóricos que explicam as formas de intervenção e estratégias de moderação de tais efeitos. Este trabalho fornece uma visão holística sobre a relevância da educação/alfabetização financeira na tomada de decisão. Acredita-se que este artigo possa servir de referência para a construção de novas pesquisas e práticas mais eficazes de educação financeira.
CONCEPÇÕES SOBRE BUROCRACIA: A DICOTOMIA DA TEORIA DE WEBER E DE LIPSKY
Authors: Oliveira Natália Mariana Tavares de , Pinheiro Keila Cardoso
Published: September 2023

Este ensaio tem por objetivo discutir as diferenças teóricas sobre a concepção de burocracia de Max Weber e de Michael Lipsky. A construção argumentativa consistiu na apresentação das duas teorias, destacando, incialmente, a concepção de ambos os autores, que, de formas diferentes, contribuíram para a criação da teoria burocrática e possuem fortes influências nos estudos da área. Destarte, após elucidar conceitos importantes da pesquisa, contextualizar e alinhar o objeto de estudo e discutir as teorias, chegou-se à conclusão de que há diversas dicotomias entre elas. O principal resultado consiste na identificação das dicotomias apresentadas em categorias, a saber: abrangência da área de estudo, metáforas, tipo de sistema, comportamento dos burocratas, hierarquia, discricionariedade, normas e análise. A construção das categorias foi feita por meio da leitura das teorias burocráticas dos dois autores e da identificação da estrutura dicotômica. O estudo busca contribuir com a produção do conhecimento no campo das Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, apresentando as contradições de duas teorias de grande relevância nos estudos sobre burocracia.
Ο σοσιαλισμός χωρίς τις μάζες
Authors: Λεοντιάδης Γεώργιος
Published: September 2023

Ο Πλάτων Δρακούλης (1858 – 1942) ήταν ένας από τους πλέον γνωστούς έλληνες σοσιαλιστές στα τέλη του 19ου και τις πρώτες δεκαετίες του 20ου αιώνα. Παρά τις συχνές αναφορές στο έργο του σε όλα τα σχετικά με τον ελληνικό σοσιαλισμό κείμενα, δεν υπήρξε μέχρι σήμερα κάποια ειδική μελέτη για τη ζωή, τη σκέψη και τη δράση του. Η παρούσα εργασία ερευνά την πρώτη περίοδο της παρουσίας του Δρακούλη στα κοινά, που εντοπίζεται στο διάστημα 1885 – 1908. Εκκινώντας από το πρώτο σοσιαλιστικό έντυπο που εκδόθηκε στην Αθήνα, το περιοδικό Άρδην, παρακολουθούμε την πορεία του Δρακούλη κατά τη μετοίκησή του στην Αγγλία, τη συμμετοχή του στο Διεθνές Εργατικό Συνέδριο των Παρισίων, την ανάμιξή του με τους κύκλους της Humanitarian League του Λονδίνου, τις επαφές του με το ελληνικό σοσιαλιστικό κίνημα, την πλούσια συγγραφική και δημοσιογραφική του δράση. Οι πρωτόλειες σοσιαλιστικές ιδέες του Δρακούλη αποτελούσαν αμάλγαμα διαφόρων σχολών και αντιλήψεων και βρίσκονταν σε αντιστοιχία με αντίστοιχες ιδέες που κυκλοφορούσαν στα υπόλοιπα Βαλκάνια, αντανακλώντας την καθυστερημένη κοινωνικοοικονομική δομή των χωρών της Νοτιοανατολικής Ευρώπης. Η μετέπειτα εξέλιξη της σκέψης του καθορίστηκε από το αγγλικό περιβάλλον στο οποίο βρέθηκε από το 1888. Οι αρχικές αντιλήψεις του για τον σοσιαλισμό μπολιάστηκαν με τις πολυποίκιλες ιδέες που κυκλοφορούσαν στην αγγλική πρωτεύουσα. Ο σοσιαλισμός του Δρακούλη, αναμεμιγμένος με όλες τις άλλες ιδέες που άντλησε από το βρετανικό περιβάλλον, είχε ως χαρακτηριστικό του την ταλάντευση ανάμεσα στην αστική τάξη και τους μικροαστούς, ανάμεσα στον αστικό φιλελευθερισμό και το μεταρρυθμιστικό σοσιαλισμό. Αυτό που επιχείρησε ο Δρακούλης ήταν να μεταφέρει ένα ιδεατό βρετανικό πρότυπο ηθικής, πολιτικής οργάνωσης, ανθρωπιστικής εκπαίδευσης, ιδεολογίας, συμπεριφοράς και φυσικά σοσιαλισμού στο ελληνικό περιβάλλον. Οι ιδέες αυτές δεν μπόρεσαν να αποκτήσουν μαζικό κοινό στην ελληνική κοινωνία του τελευταίου τέταρτου του 19ου και των αρχών του 20ου αιώνα. Ο Δρακούλης δεν υπήρξε χαρακτηριστικός εκπρόσωπος του ελληνικού σοσιαλισμού. Μετέφερε στο ελληνικό περιβάλλον ένα αγγλικό πρότυπο που δεν μπορούσε να συγκινήσει την ελληνική εργατική τάξη και τους εγχώριους σοσιαλιστές. Αποτιμώντας τη συνολική παρουσία του Δρακούλη στο χώρο του ελληνικού σοσιαλισμού καταλήγουμε στο συμπέρασμα ότι αυτή φέρει αρνητικό πρόσημο. Ο Δρακούλης με τις παρεμβάσεις του, το δημόσιο λόγο που του προσφέρονταν απλόχερα, το κύρος που απέκτησε, έμπαινε συνεχώς εμπόδιο στην ανάπτυξη του εγχώριου σοσιαλισμού, με όλες τις αδυναμίες και τις αντιφάσεις που μπορεί αυτός να είχε.
Η σχέση μεταξύ της οικονομικής ένδειας και των προσωπικών στόχων για το μέλλον με την ψυχική υγεία και την προσαρμογή των εφήβων
Authors: Νταλαχάνης Αναστάσιος
Published: September 2023

Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι να εξετάσει τη σχέση μεταξύ της οικονομικής δυσπραγίας της οικογένειας και των στόχων μάθησης και επίδοσης με την ψυχική υγεία και τη σχολική προσαρμογή των εφήβων, συγχρονικά και διαχρονικά, μέσα από το εννοιολογικό πλαίσιο της αναπτυξιακής ψυχοπαθολογίας και της ψυχικής ανθεκτικότητας. Τα βασικά ερωτήματα είναι αν η οικονομική δυσπραγία συνιστά παράγοντα επικινδυνότητας για την ψυχική υγεία και την προσαρμογή και αν οι στόχοι μάθησης και επίδοσης αποτελούν προωθητικούς ή/και προστατευτικούς παράγοντες για την ψυχική υγεία και την προσαρμογή των εφήβων σε συνθήκες οικονομικής δυσπραγίας. Οι συμμετέχοντες ήταν 1.252 έφηβοι – γηγενείς και έφηβοι με μεταναστευτικό υπόβαθρο – οι οποίοι έλαβαν μέρος στην έρευνα, κατά τη φοίτησή τους στην Α' και Γ' τάξη του Γυμνασίου (φάση 1 και 2 της μελέτης αντιστοίχως). Η οικονομική δυσπραγία της οικογένειας αξιολογήθηκε με το Economic Hardship Questionnaire (Lempers et al., 1989) και οι στόχοι με την Goal Orientations and Motivational Beliefs Scale (Niemivirta, 2002). Η ψυχική υγεία αξιολογήθηκε μέσω της αυτοεκτίμησης [Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965)], της καταθλιπτικής συμπτωματολογίας [Depression Scale (Salokangas et al., 1995)] και των συμπτωμάτων συναισθήματος [Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman et al., 1998)], ενώ η προσαρμογή μέσω της ακαδημαϊκής επίδοσης (σχολικά αρχεία) και της διαγωγής (αναφορές εκπαιδευτικών). Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα, η οικονομική δυσπραγία της οικογένειας αποτελεί παράγοντα επικινδυνότητας για όλους τους δείκτες ψυχικής υγείας και την ακαδημαϊκή επίδοση. Ο ενδογενής στόχος μάθησης αποτελεί προωθητικό παράγοντα για την αυτοεκτίμηση, την απουσία καταθλιπτικής συμπτωματολογίας και την ακαδημαϊκή επίδοση, ενώ ο εξωγενής στόχος μάθησης για την αυτοεκτίμηση και την ακαδημαϊκή επίδοση. Ο στόχος επίδοσης-προσέγγισης αποτελεί παράγοντα επικινδυνότητας για την κατάθλιψη, τα συμπτώματα συναισθήματος και την ακαδημαϊκή επίδοση, ενώ ο στόχος επίδοσης-αποφυγής για όλους τους δείκτες ψυχικής υγείας και την ακαδημαϊκή επίδοση. Μεταξύ άλλων, συζητούνται και κάποιες από τις πρακτικές εφαρμογές των αποτελεσμάτων.
Current trends, barriers, and facilitators of use of core outcome sets in Cochrane systematic reviews: Protocol
Authors: Saldanha Ian , Hughes Karen , Dodd Susanna , Lasserson Toby , Kirkham Jamie , Lucas Samuel , Williamson Paula
Published: September 2023

Background: Core outcome sets (COS) represent agreed-upon minimum outcomes that should be reported in all studies in a given topic area. Cochrane reviews are considered among the most rigorously conducted systematic reviews (SRs). In 2019, seven of the first 100 published Cochrane SRs (7%) cited a COS in relation to choosing outcomes. A relevant COS existed but was not mentioned (or cited) for 27 of the remaining 93 SRs (29%). Among Cochrane Review Group editors surveyed in 2019, 86% felt that COS should definitely/possibly be used in Cochrane SRs. As of September 2019, the Cochrane Handbook recommends that SR teams consult resources that host relevant COS when choosing outcomes for the SR.

Objectives: (1) Examine the extent to which authors are currently considering COS to inform outcome choice in Cochrane protocols and completed SRs. (2) Understand author barriers and facilitators of using COS in Cochrane protocols and completed SRs.

Methods: We will examine the extent to which all Cochrane SRs published in the last 3 months of 2022 and all Cochrane protocols published in 2022: (a) cited a COS, (b) searched for COS, and (c) reported outcome inconsistency among included studies and/or noted the need for COS. One investigator will extract information from SRs and protocols; a second extractor will verify all information, discussing discrepancies to achieve consensus. Using Jisc Online Surveys®, we will conduct an online survey of authors of all the included completed SRs and protocols to assess author awareness of COS and identify barriers and facilitators of using COS to inform outcome choice.

Discussion: This study will provide key information regarding uptake of COS by Cochrane SR authors and the barriers and facilitators that they experience. Our findings will inform approaches to increasing awareness and uptake of COS in future SRs, both within and beyond Cochrane.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in dyspeptic patients presenting to a tertiary care center of a developing country: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Subedi Ram Chandra , Regmi Binit Upadhaya , Pathak Bishnu Deep , Dhakal Bishal , Sitaula Deekshanta , Paudel Ujjawal , KC Prabal , Maharjan Srijana , Karki Anurag , Baniya Sunil , Joshi Sushil , Pant Chiranjibi , Roka Kumar
Published: September 2023

Background: Among the various causes for dyspepsia in patients presenting to the gastroenterology department, Helicobacter pylori is the most common etiological agents. Here, we explore the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, particularly, in dyspeptic patients and different endoscopic findings in such patients.

Methods: We conducted a simple observational study in the gastroenterology department of a tertiary care center of Nepal. The Helicobacter pylori was detected using rapid urease test and endoscopic findings were collected from gastroduodenoscopy unit. The obtained data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM-SPSS), version 22.

Results: The overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in dyspeptic patients in our center was found to be 0.329 (0.259 – 0.406) at 95% Confidence Interval (CI). There was significant association of Helicobacter pylori infection with alcohol history (12 [52.17] vs 44 [29.93], p = 0.035) and endoscopic findings of duodenal ulcer (3, 100%) followed by gastritis (29, 50.88%).

Conclusions: Amidst various etiology for dyspepsia, Helicobacter pylori was still prevalent at our center. However, considering the variability of its prevalence due to factors like alcohol history, more comprehensive studies are needed to estimate actual proportion in patients presenting with dyspeptic symptoms.
Case Report: Tuberculous abscess of the popliteal fossa: A case report
Authors: Belhassen Hedi , Khlif Mohamed Ali , Ferjani Mohamed Achraf , Abcha Yosri , Barsaoui Maher
Published: September 2023

Introduction

 Tuberculosis of the soft tissues is a rare form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis, and isolated localization in the popliteal fossa is particularly exceptional. Atypical clinical presentation can lead to delayed diagnosis and serious complications.

Case report

 We report the case of a 17-year-old patient who was diagnosed with tuberculosis of the popliteal fossa. He presented with a painful inflammatory swelling of the right popliteal fossa associated with a homolateral inguinal lymph node, without knee joint effusion. Standard chest and knee X-rays were normal, while MRI showed an 8 cm well vascularized, partly liquefied mass in the popliteal fossa, developed in contact with the semimembranosus and medial gastrocnemius muscles, associated with a popliteal lymph node without synovial effusion or thickening. Microbiological tests did not isolate any germs. The diagnosis was made on histological examination after biopsy, which revealed a caseous granuloma surrounded by epithelioid cells. The patient was treated with anti-tuberculosis therapy for 9 months. The clinical and radiological regression of the swelling was observed without recurrence at 2 years of follow-up.

Conclusion

Any soft tissue abscess should raise suspicion of tuberculosis, especially in endemic countries. The importance of histopathological examination should be emphasized to establish the diagnosis in the absence of signs in favor of a primary localization.
Comparison of rheumatoid arthritis factors, adenosine deaminases and uric acid in arthritis and non-arthritis patients: A protocol
Authors: Makhe Priyanka A. , Vagga Anjali , Dhok Archana
Published: September 2023

Rheumatic disorders are viewed as a public health issue because they affect thousands of individuals around the world and increase health care expenses. Numerous biochemical markers may play a role in the pathophysiology and etiology of rheumatoid arthritis  (RA) due to its local as well as systemic inflammatory effects. Rheumatoid factors (RF) can be found in a variety of people, including young, healthy people, the elderly, and people with RA. In this study we will assess and compare the occurrence, clinical presentation, effects and possible risk of biochemical parameters such as uric acid, adenosine deaminase (ADA,), RA factor between arthritis patients and non - arthritis patients. A total of 82 participants — 41 RA patients and 41 healthy controls (non-arthritis patients) —will be included in the study. The levels of serum ADA, uric acid, and rheumatoid factor will be examined, and independent tests will be used for the statistical analysis. Serum ADA rheumatoid factors levels in RA patients is higher in healthy control.  When comparing the uric acid levels of RA patients with healthy controls, there is no significant change in the uric acid level. The degree underlying ADA activity between RA patients and healthy individuals should differ noticeably, confirming the test’s value in the diagnosis of the condition.
Scalable and versatile container-based pipelines for de novo genome assembly and bacterial annotation.
Authors: Almeida Felipe Marques de , Campos Tatiana Amabile de , Pappas Jr Georgios Joannis
Published: September 2023

Background: Advancements in DNA sequencing technology have transformed the field of bacterial genomics, allowing for faster and more cost effective chromosome level assemblies compared to a decade ago. However, transforming raw reads into a complete genome model is a significant computational challenge due to the varying quality and quantity of data obtained from different sequencing instruments, as well as intrinsic characteristics of the genome and desired analyses. To address this issue, we have developed a set of container-based pipelines using Nextflow, offering both common workflows for inexperienced users and high levels of customization for experienced ones. Their processing strategies are adaptable based on the sequencing data type, and their modularity enables the incorporation of new components to address the community’s evolving needs.

Methods: These pipelines consist of three parts: quality control, de novo genome

assembly, and bacterial genome annotation. In particular, the genome annotation pipeline provides a comprehensive overview of the genome, including standard gene prediction and functional inference, as well as predictions relevant to clinical applications such as virulence and resistance gene annotation, secondary metabolite detection, prophage and plasmid prediction, and more.

Results: The annotation results are presented in reports, genome browsers, and a web-based application that enables users to explore and interact with the genome annotation results.

Conclusions: Overall, our user-friendly pipelines offer a seamless integration of computational tools to facilitate routine bacterial genomics research. The effectiveness of these is illustrated by examining the sequencing data of a clinical sample of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
COVID-19 Vaccine: Predicting Vaccine Types and Assessing Mortality Risk Through Ensemble Learning Agorithms
Authors: Monadhel Hind , Abbas Ayad R. , Mohammed Athraa Jasim
Published: September 2023

Background: There is no doubt that vaccination is crucial for preventing the spread of diseases; however, not every vaccine is perfect or will work for everyone. The main objective of this work is to predict which vaccine will be most effective for a candidate without causing severe adverse reactions and to categorize a patient as potentially at high risk of death from the COVID-19 vaccine.

Methods: A comprehensive analysis was conducted using a dataset on COVID-19 vaccine adverse reactions, exploring binary and multiclass classification scenarios. Ensemble models, including Random Forest, Decision Tree, Light Gradient Boosting, and extreme gradient boosting algorithm, were utilized to achieve accurate predictions. Class balancing techniques like SMOTE, TOMEK_LINK, and SMOTETOMEK were incorporated to enhance model performance.

Results: The study revealed that pre-existing conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, history of allergies, prior vaccinations, other medications, age, and gender were crucial factors associated with poor outcomes. Moreover, using medical history, the ensemble learning classifiers achieved accuracy scores ranging from 75% to 87% in predicting the vaccine type and mortality possibility. The Random Forest model emerged as the best prediction model, while the implementation of the SMOTE and SMOTETOMEK methods generally improved model performance.

Conclusion: The random forest model emerges as the top recommendation for machine learning tasks that require high accuracy and resilience. Moreover, the findings highlight the critical role of medical history in optimizing vaccine outcomes and minimizing adverse reactions.
Rehabilitation needs of people with brain tumours in Ireland: Protocol for a prospective, mixed methods action research study (“Brain-RESTORE”)
Authors: Malone Ailish , O'Donovan Bernadine , Carroll Paul , Donnelly Sarah , Cowie Eloise , Grogan Liam , MacNally Stephen , O'Sullivan Mary , Sorenson Jan , Tiernan Eoin J. , O'Connor Rory J. , MacFarlane John , O'Keeffe Sorcha , Murphy Andrew W. , Keegan Fiona , Horgan Frances , Bennett Kathleen
Published: September 2023

Background: Approximately 480 people annually in Ireland are diagnosed with a primary brain tumour. Brain tumours are a heterogeneous group of conditions, varying in histopathology, location, and progression. A consistent feature is neurological impairment, which can lead to profound effects on physical and cognitive function. There is evidence that people with brain tumours can benefit from rehabilitation, but pathways are poorly described, and no best practice is defined. This leads to significant unmet need. The aim of this study is to understand the rehabilitation needs of people diagnosed with a brain tumour in Ireland, and gain insight to inform policy and practice.

Methods: A prospective, mixed methods study with embedded action research will be conducted. Patients (n=122) with a new diagnosis of primary brain tumour, and optionally, a nominated carer or family member, will be recruited through a national neuro-oncology service. Rehabilitation need (Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory), quality of life (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Brain Cancer Module, EuroQol-5D-5L), healthcare utilisation and, optionally, carer needs (Carer Support Needs Assessment Tool) will be assessed at four, eight and 12 months post diagnosis. An embedded qualitative study will invite 30 patients and carers to a semi-structured interview to explore their lived experience of rehabilitation needs and services following brain tumour diagnosis. Finally, using an Action Research approach, healthcare professionals involved in caring for people with brain tumours will be invited to participate in co-operative inquiry groups, to reflect on emerging aggregate findings and identify actions that could be undertaken while the study is underway.

Conclusions: By understanding rehabilitation need, the findings will help healthcare professionals and health service providers understand how to prioritise the supports required and encourage policy makers to adequately resource neurorehabilitation to meet the needs of people with a brain tumour diagnosis.
Keep it Local: Retain More Teachers of Color By Helping Them Work Close to Where They Grew Up
Authors:   University of North Texas, Edwards Wesley , Kirksey Jacob ,   Texas Tech University, Burden Kafarra ,   University of North Texas, Miller Alexis ,   University of North Texas
Published: September 2023

Policy brief sharing results from a study that looked at how new teacher retention patterns are predicted by the distance between the high school the teacher graduated from and the school where they were first employed.
Teacher-Principal Ethnoracial Matching Keeps New Teachers in their Classrooms
Authors:   University of North Texas, Edwards Wesley , Anderson Cornelius ,   University of North Texas, Miller Alexis ,   University of North Texas, Burden Kafarra ,   University of North Texas
Published: September 2023

Policy brief sharing research for the potential for teacher-principal ethnoracial matching to improve outcomes such as teacher satisfaction and retention rates.
Adding AI to NDR in the face of current threats
Authors: de la Rivière Jacques
Published: September 2023

Threat actors exhibit highly agile behaviour, capable of evolving and adapting as new vulnerabilities become evident. Most organisations, however, don't have the same kind of flexibility and are constantly fighting last year's battles. Network detection and response (NDR) solutions have arisen to tackle this problem, and now with the added power of artificial intelligence they have the potential to give organisations the ability to react and respond quickly to new threats.
How providers can help SMBs navigate the rising tide of attacks
Authors: Williams Darren
Published: September 2023

In the vast, ever-changing threat landscape that encompasses the cyber world, small-to-medium businesses (SMBs) find themselves in a particularly vulnerable position. The paradox of the digital economy is that while it opens unparalleled opportunities for SMBs, it also exposes them to a landscape of cyber security threats that are both complex and continually evolving.
Critical discourse analysis: a dialectical approach to deconstructing professional identity in social work
Authors: Roscoe Karen D.
Published: September 2023

This article explores the use of a pedagogic approach that utilises critical discourse theories to examine how people construct the social work identity while navigating the neoliberal landscape. The approach adopts an interventionist stance to engage individuals in a type of conversation that exposes dominant discourses within social work and what these represent, as well as their effects. It provides practitioners with ways in which to reconsider competing and contradictory aspects of the social work identity, and, more crucially, it facilitates a conversation where the more marginalised, competing and coexisting discourses can be interwoven alongside the contemporary challenges of practice. Based on reclaiming a professional identity as a way of resisting hegemonic discourses, this method aims to provide ways to recontextualise language practices surrounding social work’s occupational mission and identity. Here, it is assumed that professional identities are never complete but instead viewed as shifting, changing and contradictory.
Nonlinear optics properties of Ni-Sb2Se3 nanofilms in the near-infrared region
Authors: Zhang Lu , Ding Chang , Wang Hecong , Sun Wenjun , Zhao Li
Published: September 2023

Sb2Se3 is an emerging material in recent years, and past studies have shown that it has good optoelectronic properties when doped with metals. In this paper, pure Sb2Se3 films and Ni-Sb2Se3 films with different doping contents (1, 2, 3 W) were prepared by magnetron sputtering technology. The nonlinear optics properties of the sample films were investigated using femtosecond (fs) Z-scan technology under 800 nm. The results showed that both pure Sb2Se3 and doped films exhibited reverse saturated absorption (RSA), and the occurrence of the reverse saturated absorption behavior of the doped films was mainly due to two-photon absorption (TPA), free carrier absorption (FCA), and the presence of defective energy levels. Compared with pure Sb2Se3 films, Ni-Sb2Se3 films exhibit significantly enhanced nonlinear absorption properties and nonlinear refractive properties. By increasing Ni sputtering power and incident laser energy, the nonlinear optic properties of Ni-Sb2Se3 films are enhanced. By testing the sample films using SEM, XRD, and UV-Vis techniques, we found that Ni metal doping greatly improved and optimized the crystallinity of the films and adjusted the optical band gap.
Polarized structured illumination microscopy using polarization gratings for optical sectioning: publisher’s note
Authors: Cho Min Seo , Park Jong-Kyu , Joo Ki-Nam
Published: September 2023

This publisher’s note contains corrections to Appl. Opt. 62, 7373 (2023)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.502290.
TCI-UNet: transformer-CNN interactive module for medical image segmentation
Authors: Bian Xuan , Wang Guanglei , Wu Yanlin , Li Yan , Wang Hongrui
Published: September 2023

Medical image segmentation is a crucial step in developing medical systems, especially for assisting doctors in diagnosing and treating diseases. Currently, UNet has become the preferred network for most medical image segmentation tasks and has achieved tremendous success. However, due to the limitations of convolutional operation mechanisms, its ability to model long-range dependencies between features is limited. With the success of transformers in the computer vision (CV) field, many excellent models that combine transformers with UNet have emerged, but most of them have fixed receptive fields and a single feature extraction method. To address this issue, we propose a transformer-CNN interactive (TCI) feature extraction module and use it to construct TCI-UNet. Specifically, we improve the self-attention mechanism in transformers to enhance the guiding ability of attention maps for computational resource allocation. It can strengthen the network's ability to capture global contextual information from feature maps. Additionally, we introduce local multi-scale information to supplement feature information, allowing the network to focus on important local information while modeling global contextual information. This improves the network's capability to extract feature map information and facilitates effective interaction between global and local information within the transformer, enhancing the representational power of transformers. We conducted a large number of experiments on the LiTS-2017 and ISIC-2018 datasets to verify the effectiveness of our proposed method, with DCIE values of 93.81% and 88.22%, respectively. Through ablation experiments, we proved the effectiveness of the TCI module, and in comparison with other state-of-the-art (SOTA) networks, we demonstrated the superiority of TCI-UNet in accuracy and generalization.
Compressed sensing on displacement signals measured with optical coherence tomography
Authors: Frost Brian L. , Janjušević Nikola P. , Strimbu C. Elliott , Hendon Christine P.
Published: September 2023

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is capable of angstrom-scale
vibrometry of particular interest to researchers of auditory
mechanics. We develop a method for compressed sensing vibrometry using
OCT that significantly reduces acquisition time for dense motion maps.
Our method, based on total generalized variation with uniform
subsampling, can reduce the number of samples needed to measure motion
maps by a factor of ten with less than 5% normalized mean
square error when tested on a diverse set of in vivo
measurements from the gerbil cochlea. This opens up the possibility
for more complex in vivo experiments for cochlear
mechanics.