bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Informal caregivers’ feeding experiences for children with cancer: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Kamkhoad Donruedee , Srichalerm Tippawan , Witwaranukool Porawan
Published: September 2024

Objective:

The objective of this review is to synthesize the experiences of informal caregivers’ feeding practices for children with cancer.

Introduction:

Changes in eating among children with cancer impact their nutritional status, leading to several negative outcomes. In addition to interventions given by health care providers, informal caregivers’ experiences in feeding these children are worth exploring.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will include qualitative studies or the qualitative component of mixed method studies examining informal caregivers’ experiences of feeding children with cancer who are under 18 years of age. Children may be in any phase of the cancer journey, and may be at a health care facility or at home. Studies from any country, published in English or Thai in any year up to the present, will be considered for inclusion.

Methods:

This review will follow the JBI approach for qualitative systematic reviews. A full search strategy for PubMed was developed from an initial limited search of PubMed and CINAHL (EBSCOhost) to identify articles on the topic. The search strategy will be adapted for each database, including Embase (Ovid), PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), LILACS (BVS), PsycINFO (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and ThaiJO (TCI). The reference lists of studies included in the review will be hand-searched for additional studies. Sources of unpublished studies and gray literature will also be searched. Two reviewers will separately screen for eligible studies, perform the critical appraisal, and extract data. They will then synthesize via meta-aggregation and summarize the data. The final synthesized findings will be graded using the ConQual approach to establish confidence in the qualitative research synthesis.

Review registration:

PROSPERO CRD42024501382
ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КАЛЛУСНЫХ КУЛЬТУР У РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВИДОВ RHODIOLA SP.
Authors: Райзер О.Б. , Тагиманова Д.С. , Хапилина О.Н.
Published: September 2024

В Казахстане произрастает несколько видов Rhodiola sp., широко используемых в официальной и народной медицине. Наиболее известной считается родиола розовая или золотой корень (Rhodiola rosea), в корнях которой выявлены биологически активные вещества, оказывающие сильное стимулирующее воздействие на иммунную систему человека. Глобальный спрос на сырье R.rosea способствует тому, что этот вид стал редким и исчезающим, в Казахстане и других странах вид занесен в Красную книгу. Менее известны другие виды - родиола четырехраздельная (Rhodiola quadrifida) и родиола Семенова (Rhodiola semenowii), которые также обладают рядом полезных свойств, сходных по биологической ценности с родиолой розовой.
Для решения проблемы обеспечения ценным растительным сырьем успешно используются альтернативные биотехнологические методы, основанные на использовании растительных систем in vitro. Системы in vitro обладают многими вычисленными преимуществами: биосинтез безопасных метаболитов в соответствии со стандартами GMP; сохранение природных популяций редких и исчезающих видов растений; независимость от факторов окружающей среды; отсутствие в сырье патогенов, агрохимикатов. В отношении продуцирования БAВ в системах in vitro у ценных видов Rhodiola sp. имеется много успешных примеров с использованием каллусных культур.
С целью получения активно растущих каллусных культур различных видов Rhodiola sp. нами были оптимизированы основные этапы биотехнологии. Для индукции культуры in vitro использовали различного типа экспланты: листья, стебли, апексы побегов, корневищные почки. Листья или листовые пластинки у всех исследуемых видов родиолы являются наиболее предпочтительными эксплантами для каллусообразования.  Частота каллусообразования в зависимости от видовой принадлежности и используемых регуляторов роста варьировала от 25% у R.quadrifida до 90% у  R.rosea и R.semenowii. При использовании в качестве эксплантов пазушных почек, стеблей, апексов и корневищных почек развитие происходило методом прямого органогенеза, с образованием конгломератов, состоящих из множества адвентивных побегов, которые в дальнейшем могут быть использованы для микроклонального размножения.
Исследования по подбору условий культивирования каллусных тканей родиолы выявили, что максимальный прирост биомассы каллусов происходит на средах Мурасиге и Скуга в присутствии TDZ и NAA, с добавлением 6% сахарозы. Для родиолы четырехраздельной эффективной была среда МС с добавлением 2,4-D, NAA и BAP, содержащая 3% сахарозы. Образование конгломерата адвентивных почек наиболее интенсивно происходило в присутствии фитогормонов зеатина (2 мг/л) и ИУК (0,2 мг/л), частота морфогенеза составила более 80%.
Таким образом, определены оптимальные условия культивирования наиболее перспективных видов Rhodiola sp. для последующей разработки технологии продуцирования БАВ в различных системах in vitro.
ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗНООБРАЗИЕ ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЕЙ ОСОБО ОПАСНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ
Authors: Шевцов А.Б. , Избанова У.А. , Карибаев Т.Б. , Vergnaund G.
Published: September 2024

С 2016 по 2024 годы сотрудниками ТОО «Национального центра биотехнологии», РГП на ПХВ Национальный научный центр особо опасных инфекций имени Масгута Айкимбаева МЗ РК и РГП «Национальный референтный центр по ветеринарии» были проведены совместные исследования по генотипированию бактериальных штаммов возбудителей особо опасных инфекций. Генотипирование было проведено с применением высокодискриминационных методов MLVA (мультилокусный анализ вариабельных тандемных повторов) и полногеномного секвенирования.
MLVA генотипирование и полногеномное секвенирование Bacillus anthracis выделенных в Казахстане позволило идентифицировать группы:A1/TEA, A3/Sterne-Ames, A4/Vollum и кладу B. Группа TEA (Трансевразийская) в Казахстане представлена 3 линиями: «Цянковского», «СТИ» и «Героин». Самая многочисленная линия СТИ включает 67% всех секвенированных штаммов. Из 7 идентифицированных подлиний «СТИ» в Казахстане идентифицировано 6, что демонстрирует высокую географическую связь между «СТИ» и Казахстаном, Центральной Азией. Это наблюдение является убедительным свидетельством того, что политомия TEA возникла после последнего политического объединения азиатских степей в четырнадцатом веке нашей эры. Всего 11% штаммов относятся к линии «Цианкоский», большинство из которых изолированы в западном Казахстане. Линия «Героина» присутствует в Туркестане (Южный Казахстан), вдоль бывшего Шелкового пути. 2 штамма принадлежат к кладе Vollum, которые собраны в Туркестане (Южный Казахстан) и Атырау, разделены одним SNP. Штамма B-клады впервые были выделены в 2016 году в Павлодарской области. Филогенетический анализ данных Казахстана и доступных в настоящее время данных WGS мирового происхождения укрепляет наше понимание географической экспансии B. anthracis за последние семь столетий.
Секвенирование 49 штаммов B. abortus, выделенных в Казахстане позволило отнести 46 к субкладам С1 и 3 к С2. Штаммы субклады C1 кластеризовались со штаммами из соседних стран, в основном Северного Кавказа, Западной России, а также Сибири, Китая и Монголии. Один из трех казахстанских штаммов, отнесенных к субкладу С2, соответствовал вакцинному штамму B. abortus S19, используемому для крупного рогатого скота, два других были генетически близки к вакцинному штамму 104 М. Филодинамический анализ датировал интродукцию субклада C1 B. abortus в Казахстан XIX - началом XX веков.
Секвенирование 39 штаммов Francesella tularensis subsp. holarctica циркулирующих в Казахстане идентифицировало две линии, а именно B.4 и B.12. Исследование демонстрирует более широкое распространение генотипа B.4 в Азии и выявило более базальную точку ветвления в этой субкладе. Полученные данные подтверждают гипотезу азиатского происхождения F. tularensis. Обнаружение идентичных генотипов у штаммов, разделенных во времени десятилетиями и тысячекилометровыми географическими расстояниями, подтверждает способность бактерий к длительному сохранению и быстрому распространению на большие расстояния.
ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ РЕКОМБИНАНТНОГО ПРОТЕИНА SPM2 THEILERIA ANNULATA
Authors: Рыскельдина А.Ж. , Абдикулов Б.Б. , Турсунбай Н.Е. , Шевцов А.Б. , Ержанова Н.С. , Куйбагаров М.А.
Published: September 2024

Среди инфекций животных, передающихся клещами, по степени патогенности и ущерба, тейлериоз вызываемый Theileria annulata (T.annulata), является одним из наиболее злокачественных, с высоким процентом летальности. В Казахстане тейлериоз распространен в южных регионах. Высокий процент инфицированности, приводит к тому, что завозимый высокопродуктивный скот очень тяжело, с большим уровнем летальностью переносит заболевание. Среди поголовья мясного скота и овец данное заболевание приводит к резкому исхуданию животных, потере до 30% массы тела и ухудшению качества мясной продукции. Уровни удоев восстанавливаются до прежнего уровня в течение длительного срока (1-2 месяца) лишь до 80%. В рамках борьбы с тейлериозом крупного рогатого скота важным моментом является проведение систематических и достаточно масштабных серологических исследований восприимчивого поголовья, для чего необходимо наличие у ветеринарных специалистов высокочувствительных и специфичных диагностикумов.
Целью данной работы было получение рекомбинантного протеина T.annulata пригодного для использование в качестве антигена для серологической диагностики. В качестве целевого был выбран  ген кодирующий протеин спорозоит и макрошизонт 2 (spm2) Theileria annulata (a sporozoite and macroschizont gene 2 (spm2)). Ген Spm2 T. annulata участвует в инвазии спорозоитов мононуклеарные клетки периферической крови крупного рогатого скота и экспрессируются на поверхности паразита на всех стадиях жизненного цикла. Была создана экспрессионная векторная система и отработан протокол очистки рекомбинантного белка Spm2, который предполагал металл-хелатную аффинную хроматографию с посаженными ионами Ni2+. SDS-PAGE анализ очищенных проб показал достаточно высокий выход чистых препаратов рекомбинантного белка  Spm2 T. annulata с молекулярной массой 42 кДа. С целью проверки сероактивности полученного протеина, он был тестирован в качестве антигена в непрямом варианте твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа (ТИФА). В работе были использованы пробы плазмы крови КРС из хозяйств неблагополучного по тейлериозу региона Казахстана, в соответствующих образцах крови которых методом ПЦР, было определено наличие или отсутствие ДНК T.annulata. Сравнительный ИФА анализ 34 проб плазмы крови от ПЦР положительных животных с 10 пробами плазмы крови от ПЦР отрицательных животных из благополучного региона позволил определить отсекающее значение (cut off) и четко провести их дифференциацию. Корреляция результатов ИФА с данными ПЦР анализа, говорит о перспективности полученного антигена и необходимости дополнительных исследований по изучению его специфичности и возможности использования в качестве компонента ИФА тест-системы.
Geometric and Flow Characterization of Additively Manufactured Turbine Blades With Drilled Film Cooling Holes
Authors: McCormack Kelsey E. , Rozman Maria , Berdanier Reid A. , Thole Karen A.
Published: September 2024

As designers investigate new cooling technologies to advance future gas turbine engines, manufacturing methods that are fast and accurate are needed. Additive manufacturing facilitates the rapid prototyping of parts at a cost lower than conventional casting but is challenged in accurately reproducing small features such as turbulators, pin fins, and film cooling holes. This study explores the potential application of additive manufacturing and advanced hole drill methods as tools to investigate cooling technologies for future turbine blade designs. Data from computed tomography scans are used to nondestructively evaluate each of the cooling features in the blade. The resulting flow performance of these parts is further related to the manufacturing through benchtop flow testing. Results show that while total blade flow is consistent for all additively manufactured cooled blades, flow through smaller regions of the blades shows variations. Shaped film cooling holes manufactured using a high-speed electrical discharge machining method are within tolerance in the metering section but do not expand at the specified angle in the diffuser even though design tolerances are met. In contrast to high-speed EDM, conventional EDM holes are undersized throughout the length of the hole. Due to the additive manufacturing process, the surface roughness was higher on the additively manufactured parts in the current study than has been previously reported for surface roughness of commonly used cast components. The roughness results show high levels on thin walls, particularly at the trailing edge as well as on downskin surfaces. Internal surface roughness is higher than external roughness at most locations on the blade. The results of this study confirm that additive manufacturing along with advanced hole drilling techniques offers faster development of blade cooling designs.
A rare case of ovarian hypercalcemia type small cell carcinoma
Authors: Hu Bin , Li Yanan , Li Xin , Zhang Ming , Jiang Yi , Shi Miao
Published: September 2024

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Comment to: Perfluorobutane (Sonazoid) Contrast-enhanced ultrasound to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Ke
Published: September 2024

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Quantitative characterization on influence of surface particles on corrosion behavior of multiarc ion plated CrAlN coatings
Authors: Zhang Jintao , Zhang Qinhao , Wu Hao , Lian Xinyu , Ge Chengjie , Suo Xinkun
Published: September 2024

Surface particles on multiarc ion plated coatings are common defects, and their influence on the service performance of coatings is rarely defined. The CrAlN coatings were deposited on the tungsten steel (YG8) substrates using multiarc ion plating. The effects of the substrate bias voltages and nitrogen flow rates on the quantity of the surface particles were investigated, and the influence of the surface particles on the corrosion resistance of the coatings is quantitatively characterized. The morphology of surface particles was characterized using a scanning electron microscope. The quantity of the surface particles was counted by image software. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was evaluated through an electrochemical workstation. The results show that the quantity of surface particles decreased with the increase in the substrate bias voltage and nitrogen flow rate. The corrosion resistance of the coatings showed a positive correlation with the quantity of the surface particles, and it decreased dramatically when the quantity of the surface particles exceeded 111/10 000 μm2. The corrosion mechanism of the coatings was attributed to the defect-induced pitting corrosion.
Operation map of a traveling-wave thermoacoustic electric generator with variable resistive-capacitive electric loads
Authors: Ibrahim Abdelmaged H. , Elbeltagy Khaled , Ramadan Islam , Ismail Omar A. , Serag-Eldin M. A. , Abdel-Rahman Ehab
Published: September 2024

A toroidal-topology traveling-wave thermoacoustic electric generator (TWTEG) is developed. It consists of a traveling-wave thermoacoustic engine, two linear alternators connected in parallel, and sets of variable resistive-capacitive (R-C) external electric loads, in conjunction with accessories and instrumentation required for experimental investigations. The working medium is helium with a static absolute pressure that varies from 25 bars to 30 bars. A detailed description of the thermal design of the heat exchangers is presented. Sustainable operation of the TWTEG is achieved over a range of external R-C loads at different imposed hot-side temperatures and mean gas pressures. The performance parameters are measured for different experimental conditions and compared with a developed lumped-element model. The comparison between the experimental results and predictions reveals a good agreement. The impedance matching between the thermoacoustic engine and the linear alternators is investigated experimentally over a wide range of external R-C loads. The external R-C loads play a crucial role in the operation of the TWTEG. The mean gas pressure changes the operating frequency; however, it has no significant influence on the operating range of the TWTEG on the R-C load map. Increasing the hot-side temperature improves the thermal-to-acoustic efficiency and extends the operating region into larger regions.
Critical Reflections on the Governance of Women and Gender Expansive Athletes: An Intersectional Interdisciplinary Dialogue
Authors: Posbergh Anna , Bekker Sheree , Cooky Cheryl , Pape Madeleine , Teetzel Sarah , Travers
Published: September 2024

In response to growing reactionary movements pushing an antigender, transphobic moral panic, sports organizations are increasingly pressured to implement policies for the women’s category that more heavily regulate and/or exclude marginalized groups of women. These efforts are the latest iteration in a long history of the paternalistic, white supremacist, heteropatriarchal governance of women athletes. Drawing on a panel convened at the annual conference of the North American Society for the Sociology of Sport in November 2022, we present an intersectional, interdisciplinary dialogue on how “sex” has been, and is currently, weaponized to reinforce normative gender logics. Throughout our reflections, we offer perspectives on raising the stakes for representation in women’s sport, following Jennifer Doyle, to rethink women’s sport as a “radically inclusive space.”
Distinct negative-sense RNA viruses induce a common set of transcripts encoding proteins forming an extensive network
Authors: Hofmann Nina , Bartkuhn Marek , Becker Stephan , Biedenkopf Nadine , Böttcher-Friebertshäuser Eva , Brinkrolf Karina , Dietzel Erik , Fehling Sarah Katharina , Goesmann Alexander , Heindl Miriam Ruth , Hoffmann Simone , Karl Nadja , Maisner Andrea , Mostafa Ahmed , Kornecki Laura , Müller-Kräuter Helena , Müller-Ruttloff Christin , Nist Andrea , Pleschka Stephan , Sauerhering Lucie , Stiewe Thorsten , Strecker Thomas , Wilhelm Jochen , Wuerth Jennifer D. , Ziebuhr John , Weber Friedemann , Schmitz M. Lienhard
Published: September 2024

The large group of negative-strand RNA viruses (NSVs) comprises many important pathogens. To identify conserved patterns in host responses, we systematically compared changes in the cellular RNA levels after infection of human hepatoma cells with nine different NSVs of different virulence degrees. RNA sequencing experiments indicated that the amount of viral RNA in host cells correlates with the number of differentially expressed host cell transcripts. Time-resolved differential gene expression analysis revealed a common set of 178 RNAs that are regulated by all NSVs analyzed. A newly developed open access web application allows downloads and visualizations of all gene expression comparisons for individual viruses over time or between several viruses. Most of the genes included in the core set of commonly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encode proteins that serve as membrane receptors, signaling proteins and regulators of transcription. They mainly function in signal transduction and control immunity, metabolism, and cell survival. One hundred sixty-five of the DEGs encode host proteins from which 47 have already been linked to the regulation of viral infections in previous studies and 89 proteins form a complex interaction network that may function as a core hub to control NSV infections.

IMPORTANCE

The infection of cells with negative-strand RNA viruses leads to the differential expression of many host cell RNAs. The differential spectrum of virus-regulated RNAs reflects a large variety of events including anti-viral responses, cell remodeling, and cell damage. Here, these virus-specific differences and similarities in the regulated RNAs were measured in a highly standardized model. A newly developed app allows interested scientists a wide range of comparisons and visualizations.
Deep underground metagenome-assembled genomes from hydrothermal spring
Authors: Tarasov Kirill , Kravchenko Elena , Zarubin Mikhail , Yakhnenko Alena
Published: September 2024

We report 19 metagenome-assembled genomes from a deep underground microbial community found in mineralized hydrothermal spring in the Baksan Neutrino Observatory tunnel. The community is predominantly occupied by members of Pseudomonadota (Gamma-, Beta-, and Alphaproteobacteria), Planctomycetota, Myxococcota, Nitrospirota, Cyanobacteria, Gemmatimonadota, and Armatimonadota.
Risk factors of skin tear in older persons: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Lijuan , Zheng Nengtong , Jiang Hongzhan , Fan Siyue , Shen Jiali , Lin Huihui , Yang Liping , Yu Doudou
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Skin tear (ST) will prolong the hospitalisation time of an older person, increase the cost of medical expenses and the difficulty in care for nursing staff, and seriously affect the quality of life of the older person. Early identification and intervention of the elderly at risk of ST are key factors in preventing the occurrence of ST in older persons. At present, risk factors for ST in older persons have not been systematically evaluated, let alone summarised to analyse risk factors for ST in older persons. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to synthesise existing research on risk factors for ST in older populations.

Methods and analysis

The protocol is being reported by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols statement. On 17 September 2023, we will start literature search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medline, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, Wan Fang Data Knowledge Service Platform, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. The language of the included literature is Chinese or English. Using RevMan V.5.4 software, we will perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the final set of included studies to synthesise the data and draw meaningful conclusions. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality will be used to assess the quality of the literature. TheI2test will be used to test heterogeneity.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not needed for this systematic review, as the study will not directly use information from human participants, and the data we use will be extracted from original studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Once the systematic review and meta-analysis have been completed, we will publish our study in an academic journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023460810.
Dementia mindset of caregivers providing residential care for older persons: study protocol for a replication study on the validation of the Dementia Mindset Scale
Authors: Albers Bernd , Bergmann Johannes Michael , Rodrigues Recchia Daniela , Müller-Widmer René , Hohmann Andreas , Pinkert Christiane , Berner Nora , Kunz Lena K , Teupen Sonja
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Professional caregivers’ perspectives on dementia and on people living with dementia (PlwD) can influence their feelings, judgements and behaviours in work situations, for example, how they think about symptoms, disease progression and the impact on a person’s quality of life. Their individual dementia mindset, which can be investigated with the 12-item Dementia Mindset Scale (DMS), might influence job satisfaction, work-related well-being and person-centred care. The aim of the proposed replication study is to confirm the results of the original study of the DMS and to test whether a malleable mindset is correlated with higher levels of caregiver education, dementia-specific professional experience/competence and dementia knowledge.

Methods and analysis

Professional caregivers in residential care facilities for older persons who work directly with PlwD will be asked to answer an anonymous web-based online survey. The survey encompasses five standardised questionnaires: the DMS, the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale, the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, the Job-related Affective Well-being Scale and the Sense of Competence in Dementia Care Staff Scale. In addition, job satisfaction, the educational background, professional experience and work situation are surveyed. For replication, the analyses will re-evaluate the psychometric properties (structural validity, model fit, internal consistency and predictive validity) by applying descriptive statistics, regression analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis. The additional analyses will use descriptive statistics, regression analysis and correlation analysis. Rasch analysis will be used to rank the difficulty of the items.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by the ethics committee of the German Society of Nursing Science (ID number 23-004). No personal information will be gathered. The results of the study will be distributed nationally and internationally through peer-reviewed academic journals, conferences, institutional websites and journals for nursing care practice.
Morphological changes in temporomandibular joint architecture in patients with temporomandibular disorders: systematic review protocol
Authors: Kadekuzhi Sarika , Karuveettil Vineetha , Prabha Rahul D , Vallikat Velath Ajith , N K Sapna Varma , Ghosh Parvathy , Suresh Sangeeth
Published: September 2024

Objective

The review involves the assessment of morphological variations in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its associated structures in patients with temporomandibular disorder.

Introduction

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are debilitating conditions that affect the TMJ complex, surrounding musculature and osseous components. Studies have reported that TMD result from morphological alterations in TMJ. These alterations can be efficiently studied using three-dimensional imaging. This review will summarise the morphological changes in TMJ and associated structures based on studies with three-dimensional imaging in patients with TMD.

Inclusion criteria

The systematic review will include studies with adult subjects with any one symptom of TMD and those studies that assessed TMJ morphology using three-dimensional imaging like CT, cone beam CT, MRI or arthrography.

Methods

Systematic searches for relevant studies will be carried out in multiple databases. Sources will include MEDLINE, Scopus, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertation and Thesis and Google Scholar. The databases will be searched from inception to November 2023. Analytical observational studies comprising retrospective and prospective cohort studies, case–control studies and analytical cross-sectional studies will be selected and critical appraisal will be performed. No restrictions will be imposed on the date and country of publication. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines for systematic effectiveness reviews will be followed for data appraisal, extraction and synthesis. The strength of evidence will be graded using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation method and the summary of findings will be created using GRADEpro software.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not applicable for this study since this involves analysis of secondary data. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and cnference presentations. A comprehensive summary of morphological alterations in TMJ is essential for assessing risk factors, accurate diagnosis, treatment planning and will collectively contribute to enhanced clinical care and overall patient well-being.

PROSPERO registration number

The protocol is registered in PROSPERO: CRD42023448882.
Knowledge of and attitude towards depression among urban and rural residents in Beijing: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cong Anan , Shang Lili , Yan Fang , Zhao Yanjie , Qi Han , Huang Qingzhi , Li Jingyuan , Sun Hui , Han Lili , Zhang Feifei , Li Shuxuan , Ma Laifu , Tian Qinghua , Zhou Qi , Zhang Ling , Wang Gang
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To compare the level of knowledge of depression, recognition ability and attitudes towards depression among urban and rural residents in Beijing.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Setting

Six districts in Beijing, China, 2021.

Participants

A total of 6463 participants aged 18 years and above who had lived for more than 6 months over the last year in Beijing were selected in this study.

Outcome

The awareness and recognition of depression and the views of residents towards people with depression.

Results

A total of 2554 urban and 2043 rural residents completed the survey. Urban residents of Beijing exhibited a higher average total score on the Depression Knowledge Questionnaire [(20.4±3.3) vs (18.7±3.5), p<0.001] and a higher rate of correctly identifying individuals with depression (47.9% vs 36.6%, p<0.001) than their counterparts in rural areas. Residents who correctly identified people with depression had higher scores on the Depression Knowledge Questionnaire. Depression knowledge varied significantly among urban and rural residents. The multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that rural residents scored significantly lower on measures of depression knowledge compared with urban residents (B=−0.83, 95%CI=−1.03 to −0.63, p<0.001). Older individuals (aged 50+) showed lower understanding compared with the 18–49 age group, with significant negative regression coefficients (Urban:B=−1.06, Rural:B=−1.35, both p<0.001). Higher educational levels were positively associated with greater depression knowledge (Urban:B=1.40, Rural:B=1.21, both p<0.001). Employment was linked to higher knowledge levels than unemployment (Urban:B=−0.60, Rural:B=−0.58, both p=0.00). A monthly income of 8000 yuan or more correlated with better depression understanding than lower incomes (Urban:B=0.81, Rural:B=1.04, both p<0.001). Additionally, in urban areas, unmarried residents scored higher in depression knowledge than those divorced (B=−0.55, p=0.04). Residents in urban areas had relatively positive attitudes towards individuals with depression.

Conclusions

Rural residents of Beijing had lower levels of knowledge and recognition of depression and more negative attitudes towards individuals with depression than those from urban areas. The health authority needs to focus on the poor level of knowledge and increase mental health resources in rural areas as a priority site for future psychological popularisation efforts.
Association between ambient temperature and economic burden of unintentional injury in Tianjin: a case-crossover study
Authors: Li Yue , Yuan Chao , Liu Tao , Yang Zhao , Li Fangguo , Li Ji , Fan Haojun , Cao Chunxia
Published: September 2024

Objective

Unintentional injuries constitute a significant global public health issue with significant social and economic costs. Previous evidence suggests ambient temperatures are associated with unintentional injury occurrences. However, the impacts of ambient temperature on unintentional injury economic burden have received little research attention. The objective of the study was to examine the association between ambient temperature and economic burden of unintentional injury.

Design

Time-stratified case-crossover study.

Setting

This study was performed at Tianjin Hospital, the largest trauma centre in Tianjin, by applying a hospital-based time-stratified case-crossover study.

Participants

The 12 241 patients admitted with unintentional injuries and meteorological data were collected in Tianjin, China in 2021.

Primary and secondary outcome

The association between ambient temperature and unintentional injury hospitalisation was evaluated with a distributed lag non-linear model, further temperature-attributable economic burden of unintentional injuries was quantified, and adjusted for demographic characteristics, injury mechanism and injury location of injury.

Results

The temperatures below 11.5°C were significantly associated with the increased risk of unintentional injury hospitalisation in Tianjin, in 2021. The effect was maximised on the current day. The relatively low temperature was responsible for 25.44% (95% CI 13.74, 33.09) of unintentional injury patients, and was associated with the number of unintentional injury patients (3114, 95% CI 1608, 4036). The relatively low temperature was associated with the excess economic burden for unintentional injury (¥197.52 million, 95% CI 102.00, 256.00; about 27.10 million dollars), accounting for 26.49% of the total economic burden. The cold temperatures generally had greater impacts on males (¥136.46 million, 95% CI 83.28, 172.42; about 18.67 million dollars) and the elderly (¥74.35 million, 95% CI 14.87, 102.14; about 10.24 million dollars).

Conclusion

The temperature was associated with approximately 3000 unintentional injury patients and ¥200 million (27 million dollars), accounting for 26% of the total economic burden in Tianjin, 2021.
Investigating the relationship between spermogram parameters and sexual desire in infertile men: a cross-sectional study from a tertiary centre in Iran
Authors: Amirjannati Naser , Akhavizadegan Hamed , Mohazzab Arash , Ghorbani Behzad , Lotfi Razieh , Fathalian Manizheh
Published: September 2024

Background

Male factor infertility can affect spermatogenesis, sexual desire, and thus the quality of life of couples. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between spermogram parameters, and the score of sexual desire in infertile men.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 315 infertile men referred to the Avicenna Infertility Center of Tehran (March 2022 to March 2023). The participants were selected based on the results of previous spermogram and hormonal tests recorded in their medical records. Eligible men completed the demographic information questionnaire and Hurlbert Index of Sexual Desire. A multivariable linear regression model was used to adjust the effect of variables on Hurlbert’s score.

Results

There was no significant relationship among sperm parameters (count, morphology, motility, vitality, concentration and DNA Fragmentation Index) and with sexual desire of infertile men. Education level, age of men and their partners, the duration of the marriage and duration of infertility did not have a statistically significant effect on sexual desire. However, economic status had an inverse effect on men’s sexual desire, with regression coefficients of 7.37 and 7.78 for medium and low socioeconomic levels compared with high (p<0.05).

Conclusion

Male sexual desire is primarily influenced by social factors rather than organic ones. Further multicentre prospective studies are recommended for more accurate results.
Relationship between oxidative balance score and prostate cancer: a cross-sectional study of NHANES, 1999–2010
Authors: Li Han , Zhang Zhipeng , Liu Shengjie , Liu Ming , Wang Miao , Wang Xuan
Published: September 2024

Objective

Few studies have examined the relationship between systemic oxidative stress and prostate cancer (PCa) risk. This study aimed to explore potential correlations between PCa and oxidative balance score (OBS), which measures systemic oxidative stress.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Setting

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Participants

A total of 8156 individuals were included in this study.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Weighted logistic regression with multivariable adjustment and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to assess the correlation between PCa and OBS. A sensitivity analysis was conducted specifically on patients with PCa to verify the results.

Results

The prevalence of PCa was 2.55%. The multivariable logistic regression model revealed no correlation between OBS, dietary OBS, lifestyle OBS and PCa. Compared with the lowest quartile of OBS, the adjusted ORs for the highest quartile of OBS, dietary OBS and lifestyle OBS were 1.852 (95% CI 1.028–3.339), 1.565 (95% CI 0.841–2.913) and 1.575 (95% CI 0.915–2.710), respectively. Additionally, all p values for trend were greater than 0.05. Subgroup analysis revealed a consistent lack of association between OBS and PCa across various population settings. Furthermore, analysis using RCS confirmed this absence of association, indicating no significant relationship in either a linear or non-linear context. A sensitivity analysis focusing exclusively on patients with PCa showed a strong association (OR=2.737, p=0.008).

Conclusion

This cross-sectional study reveals no significant association between systemic oxidative stress, measured by OBS, and PCa risk. Notably, a sensitivity analysis focusing solely on PCa patients suggested a potential link, warranting further investigation.
Occupational support following arthroplasty of the lower limb (OPAL): trial protocol for a UK-wide phase III randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sheehan Lucy , Woodward Amie , Archer Marion , Jordan Carol , Martland Maisie , McDonald David A , Parkinson Gill , Watkins Lou , Adamson Joy , Drummond Avril , Hewison Ann , Keding Ada , Kottam Lucksy , Madan Ira , McDaid Catriona , Reed Mike , Sinclair Lesley , Smith Toby O , Thomson Louise , Wu Qi , Baker Paul
Published: September 2024

Background

In the UK, one in four patients are in work at the time of their hip or knee replacement surgery. These patients receive little support about their return to work (RTW). There is a need for an occupational support intervention that encourages safe and sustained RTW which can be integrated into National Health Service practice. We developed a two-arm intervention trial, based on a feasibility study, to assess whether an occupational support intervention (the OPAL (Occupational support for Patients undergoing Arthroplasty of the Lower limb) intervention) is effective in supporting a reduced time to full, sustained RTW compared with usual care in patients undergoing hip and knee replacement.

Methods and analysis

This is a multicentre, individually randomised controlled superiority trial comparing the OPAL intervention to usual care. 742 working adults listed for elective primary hip or knee replacement, who intend to RTW, will be randomised to the OPAL intervention or usual care. The intervention comprises: (1) multimedia information resources; and (2) support from a designated RTW coordinator. The primary outcome is time until ‘full’ sustained RTW without sick leave for a consecutive 4-week period. Secondary outcomes are: time to any RTW, measures of functional recovery, number of ‘sick days’ between surgery and ‘full’ sustained RTW and the use of workplace modifications to facilitate their return. A health economic evaluation and a mixed methods process evaluation will assess cost-effectiveness and the implementation, fidelity and acceptability of the intervention, respectively. Outcomes will be collected at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12-month follow-up time points, as well as a monthly RTW questionnaire.

Ethics and dissemination

Dissemination will focus on supporting the wider adoption and implementation of the intervention (if effective) and will target groups for whom the results will be relevant. This trial was approved by West Midlands—Edgbaston REC 23/WM/0013.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN13694911.
Occupational exposure and new-onset asthma in the population-based Telemark study: a 5-year follow-up
Authors: Zivadinovic Nikola , Jaoiun Keson , Klepaker Geir , Wagstaff Anthony , Torén Kjell , Henneberger Paul K , Kongerud Johny , Abrahamsen Regine , Fell Anne Kristin Moeller
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to estimate the incidence of asthma and assess the association between job exposure matrix (N-JEM) assigned occupational exposure, self-reported occupational exposure to vapour, gas, dust and fumes (VGDF), mould, damages from moisture and cold, and new-onset asthma. We also aimed to assess the corresponding population attributable fraction (PAF) for ever exposure to VGDF.

Design

Longitudinal population-based respiratory health study.

Setting

Responders from the baseline Telemark Study in south-eastern Norway were followed up from 2013 to 2018.

Participants

7120 participants, aged 16–55, were followed during a 5-year period.

Main outcome measures

New-onset asthma and its association with self-reported occupational exposure to VGDF, data from the N-JEM and self-reported workplace conditions were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for gender, age, smoking and body mass index. The PAF was calculated using the PUNAF command in STATA.

Results

There were 266 (3.7%) cases of new-onset asthma and an incidence density of 7.5 cases per 1000 person-years. A statistically significant association was found for ever exposed to VGDF with an OR of 1.49 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.94), weekly OR 2.00 (95% CI 1.29 to 3.11) and daily OR 2.46 (95% CI 1.39 to 4.35) exposure to VGDF. The corresponding PAF for ever exposed to VGDF was 17% (95% CI 5.4% to 27.8%) and the risk of asthma onset increased with frequent VGDF exposure, indicating a possible exposure–response relationship (p=0.002 for trend). The N-JEM exposure group, accidental peak exposure to irritants had an increased risk of new-onset asthma, OR 2.43 (95% CI 1.21 to 4.90). A significant association was also found for self-reported exposure to visible damages due to moisture 1.51 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.11), visible and smell of mould 1.88 (95% CI 1.32 to 2.68), 1.55 (95% CI 1.12 to 2.16) and cold environment 1.41 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.86).

Conclusion

Participants had elevated ORs for asthma associated with self-reported and N-JEM-assigned exposures. A PAF of 17% indicates that work-related asthma is still common. The possible exposure–response relationship suggests that reducing occupational VGDF exposure frequency could prevent the onset of asthma.
Improving diverse patient enrollment in clinical trials, focusing on Hispanic and Asian populations: recommendations from an interdisciplinary expert panel
Authors: Pothuri Bhavana , Thaker Premal , Moore Adrienne , Espinosa Rosa , Medina Kara , Collyar Deborah , Lutz Kathleen , Munteanu Mihaela C , Slomovitz Brian
Published: September 2024

Lack of patient diversity in clinical trial enrollment remains an obstacle to achieving equitable healthcare outcomes. Under-representation has resulted in non-generalizable clinical knowledge, inequitable access to treatment, and health disparities among minority and disadvantaged groups. A multidisciplinary panel was convened to consider the challenges of diverse patient accrual and provide actionable solutions to improve representation in clinical trials. The panel was comprised of participants with knowledge in gynecologic oncology and included physician, advanced practice nurse, patient navigator, patient advocate, and pharmaceutical industry representation. Focus was given to recruitment barriers for Asian and Hispanic patients. The panel identified several areas of concern, including explicit and implicit biases for the physician and care teams, language and cultural nuances, inadequate inclusion of family in the decision-making process, and under-representation of women in clinical trials. The panel also identified the important role patient navigators, nurses, and advanced practice providers have in patient recruitment from under-represented populations. The role of study sponsors, and global and regional initiatives, to address historic disparities in clinical trial recruitment were also considered critical. The actionable solutions proposed should enable study sponsors and clinical trial sites to achieve greater diversity in enrollment globally.
Dynamical visualization and propagation of soliton solutions of Akbota equation arising in surface geometry
Authors: Faridi Waqas Ali , Bakar Muhammad Abu , Jhangeer Adil , Tawfiq Ferdous , Myrzakulov Ratbay , Naizagarayeva Akgul
Published: September 2024

This paper thoroughly investigates the integrable Akbota equation, a Heisenberg ferromagnet-type equation that plays a crucial role in exploring curve and surface geometry. The [Formula: see text]-model expansion method, known for its proficiency and reliability, is applied to generate generalized solitonic wave profiles, spanning a diverse range of soliton families. Prior to this study, there is no existing study in which this technique is utilized that ensured the existence of solution via development of conditions. On the other hand, this method is provided with the Jacobi elliptic function-based solutions with the limiting cases. The analytical strategy presented a notable advantage by specifying a constraint for each solution, ensuring its existence. Consequently, the solitonic wave structures exhibit various attributes, including the Jacobi elliptic function, periodicity, brightness, dark-brightness, singularity, exponential, trigonometry, and rational solitonic structures. These characteristics emerge under previously unexplored existence conditions. The results are visually depicted through 2D, 3D, and contour plots, providing a clear illustration of the behavioral responses to pulse propagation and allowing for the inference of fitting values for system parameters. This visualization offers valuable insights into the characteristics and dynamics of soliton solutions derived from the integrable Akbota equation.
Electro-magnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) Darcy–Forchheimer flow of Sutterby nanofluid with variable thermal conductivity over a stretching sheet: Finite difference approach
Authors: Duraihem Faisal Z.
Published: September 2024

This paper examines the enactment of a two-dimensional, steady, non-Newtonian nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet. The utilization of magnetic influences acting in the direction normal to the Darcy–Forchheimer boundary layer flow of the Sutterby nanofluid with variable thermal conductivity is taken into consideration. This study takes into account the effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The study found that a 15% increase in magnetic field strength resulted in a 10% increase in heat transfer rate. Similarly, a 20% increase in nanoparticle volume percentage causes a 12% increase in the convective heat transfer coefficient. The problem’s model is formulated in the form of partial differential equations (PDEs), transformed via similarity transformation into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Applying the finite difference method yields the solution to reduced equations. EMHD Darcy–Forchheimer flow and nanofluid dynamics are combined in cutting-edge technology. This is important for many industrial and technical applications. Moreover, providing a strong computational framework provides a precise simulation of the flow behavior. By providing insights into the intricate interactions between electromagnetic forces, porous medium effects, and variable thermal conductivity in nanofluids flow across a stretched sheet, this study makes an essential contribution to the science of fluid dynamics. This research is very significant and enlightening for researchers and professionals who are interested in the design and optimization of heat transfer systems. The fluid flow is examined thoroughly and graphically, and the relationship between the profiles of velocity, temperature, and concentration and other important physical limitations is investigated. The effect of various physical parameters on concentration, velocity, temperature, skin friction, Nusselt number and heat flow coefficient is verified and examined using graphs and tables.