bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metal-halide perovskite-based edge emitting lasers
Authors: Basak Supratim , Bar-On Ofer , Scheuer Jacob
Published: November 2021

Edge-emitting metal halide perovskites-based 1st order distributed feedback lasers are realized and studied for the first time. The properties and performances of these devices are compared in details to those of the well-studied 2nd order DFB perovskite lasers. As expected, 1st order lasers exhibit superior properties in terms of edge emission, rendering them highly attractive for applications such as photonic integrated circuits. In addition, it is found that, unexpectedly, the threshold levels of the 1st order lasers are higher than those of the 2nd order devices. We show that this phenomenon stems from the efficiency of the optical excitation which depends on the incidence angle and the gratings period.
Ambient fabrication of efficient triple cation perovskite-based near-infrared light-emitting diodes
Authors: Guo Xiaohang , Asuo Ivy M. , Pignolet Alain , Nechache Riad , Cloutier Sylvain G.
Published: November 2021

In addition to their widespread use as an outstanding light-harvesting material, solution-based organometallic halide perovskites have also recently emerged as a promising material for light-emitting diode (LED) applications. However, their stability under an ambient environment remains a challenge. Triple cation perovskites offer an appealing solution as it reduces the sensitivity to the processing conditions and improves the purity of the perovskite films. This work describes a facile ambient-processed thiocyanate-doped triple-cation perovskite Csx(MA0.17FA0.83)Pb(100-x)(I0.83Br0.17)3 used for high-performance perovskite-based LEDs with peak emission at 750 nm. Using the perovskite film tailoring technique by mixing DMF (N,N-Dimethylmethanamide) with perovskite precursor, we are able to reduce the perovskite grain size and optimize the film thickness while preserving its crystalline structure. With optimized processing techniques, we achieve a ∼90% improvement of the perovskite LEDs external quantum efficiency (EQE) from ∼3.1% to ∼5.9%. We believe this triple cation perovskite synthesis approach and film tailoring technique yields excellent device performances and constitutes a significant step towards low-cost and efficient LEDs.
2  μm optical frequency comb generation via optical parametric oscillation from a lithium niobate optical superlattice box resonator
Authors: Wang Xiaohan , Jia Kunpeng , Chen Mengwen , Cheng Shanshan , Ni Xin , Guo Jian , Li Yihao , Liu Huaying , Hao Liyun , Ning Jian , Zhao Gang , Lv Xinjie , Huang Shu-Wei , Xie Zhenda , Zhu Shi-Ning
Published: November 2021

Optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) can downconvert the pump laser to longer wavelengths with octave separation via

χ

(
2
)

, which is widely used for laser wavelength extension including mid-infrared (MIR) generation. Such a process can be integrated in monolithic resonators, being compact and low in threshold. In this work, we show that the monolithic

χ

(
2
)

mini-OPO can also be used for optical frequency comb generation around 2096 nm and enters the boundary of MIR range. A new geometry called an optical superlattice box resonator is developed for this realization with near-material-limited quality factor of

4.0
×

10

7

. Only a continuous-wave near-infrared pump laser is required, with OPO threshold of 80 mW and output power up to 340 mW. Revival temporal profiles are measured at a detectable repetition frequency of 1.426 GHz, and narrow beat note linewidth of less than 10 Hz shows high comb coherence. These results are in good agreement with our simulation for a stable comb generation. Such an OPO-based comb source is useful for carbon dioxide sensing or the mine prospect applications and can be generalized to longer MIR wavelengths for general gas spectroscopy.
Sub-terahertz-repetition-rate frequency comb generated by filter-induced instabilities in passive driven fiber resonators
Authors: Wang Pan , He Jiangyong , Xiao Xiaosheng , Wang Zhi , Liu Yange
Published: November 2021

Ultrahigh-repetition-rate frequency comb generation exhibits great potential in applications of optical waveform synthesis, direct comb spectroscopy, and high capacity telecommunications. Here we present the theoretical investigations of a filter-induced instability mechanism in passive driven fiber resonators with a wide range of cavity dispersion regimes. In this novel concept of modulation instability, coherent frequency combs are demonstrated numerically with rates up to sub-terahertz level. Floquet stability analysis based on the Ikeda map is utilized to understand the physical origin of the filter-induced instability. Comparison with the well-known Benjamin–Feir instability and parametric instability is performed, revealing the intrinsic distinction in the family of modulation instabilities. Our investigations might benefit the development of ultrahigh-repetition-rate frequency comb generation, providing an alternative method for the microresonators.
Trichinella spiralis: Knockdown of gamma interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) results in the reduction of worm burden
Authors: Fei Hong , Naqvi Muhammad Ali-ul-Husnain , Naqvi Sana Zahra , Xu Lixin , Song Xiaokai , Li Xiangrui , Yan Ruofeng
Published: November 2021

Trichinella spiralis is mammalian skeletal muscles parasite which may cause trichinellosis in animals and humans. Gamma interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a widespread superfamily which plays key role in processing and presentation of MHC class II restricted antigen by catalyzing disulfide bond reduction. There are no reports about GILT in T. spiralis. In present study, GILT from T. spiralis (Tsp-GILT) was cloned, analyzed by multiple-sequence alignment, and predicted by 3D structure model. Recombinant Tsp-GILT (about 46 kDa) was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli and thiol reductase activity suggested that in acidic environment the addition of a reducing agent is needed. Soaking method was used to knockdown expression of Tsp-GILT using small interference RNA (siRNA). Immunofluorescence assay confirmed the transformation of siRNA into muscle larva (ML) and new born larva (NBL). Quantitative real time-PCR (QRT-PCR) analysis revealed that transcription level of Tsp-GILT mRNA can be up-regulated by stimulation of mouse IFN-γ and down-regulated by siRNA2 in vitro. NBLs soaked with siRNA2 showed 32.3% reduction in the generation of MLs. MLs soaked with siRNA2 showed 26.2% reduction in the next generation of MLs, but no significant effect was observed on adult worms or NBLs. These findings concluded that GILT may play important roles in the development of T. spiralis parasite.
Effects of a social support family caregiver training program on changing blood pressure and lipid levels among elderly at risk of hypertension in a northern Thai community
Authors: Boonyathee Sorawit , Seangpraw Katekaew , Ong-Artborirak Parichat , Auttama Nisarat , Tonchoy Prakasit , Kantow Supakan , Bootsikeaw Sasivimol , Choowanthanapakorn Monchanok , Panta Pitakpong , Dokpuang Dech
Published: November 2021

Hypertension is becoming increasingly prevalent among the elderly. Family caregivers play an important role in caring for elderly people and empowering them to care for themselves. This study’s goal was to see how social support training for family caregivers affected changes in hypertension, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and how such support led to the prevention of hypertension behaviors among the elderly in rural areas. This was a quasi-experimental study with 268 elderly people at risk of hypertension and their caregivers. Sixty seven pairs of elderly people and their caregivers were assigned to the intervention and control groups. Baseline data were collected in November 2020. The intervention group received the Social Support Family Caregiver Training Program (SSFCTP), while the control group received a regular program from the local health authority. The activity lasted 12 weeks, with home visits and telephone check-ups along the way, and data collection took place after the program ended. The final data were collected three months after the end of the intervention. An analysis of repeated measures ANOVA showed the overall effect of the SSFCTP on knowledge, self-efficacy, health care behaviors, and blood pressure among elderly people during three different time periods (p<0.05). Furthermore, the intervention program had a time-dependent effect on knowledge, blood pressure, and total cholesterol levels (p<0.05). In terms of caregiver outcomes, there was an overall difference among the degrees of knowledge, self-efficacy, and behaviors toward health care displayed by elderly hypertensive patients during the three different time periods (p<0.05). The average knowledge and self-efficacy of the participants improved after the intervention. As a result, better self-care behaviors and lower blood pressure and total cholesterol levels were observed among the elderly participants after the intervention. The programs emphasized the importance of caregivers’ roles in providing social support, boosting confidence, and encouraging participation in caring, monitoring, and assisting the elderly in controlling blood pressure and other health issues.
The phytosanitary risks posed by seeds for sowing trade networks
Authors: Buddenhagen Christopher E. , Rubenstein Jesse M. , Hampton John G. , Rolston M. Philip
Published: November 2021

When successful, the operation of local and international networks of crop seed distribution or “seed systems” ensures farmer access to seed and impacts rural livelihoods and food security. Farmers are both consumers and producers in seed systems and benefit from access to global markets. However, phytosanitary measures and seed purity tests are also needed to maintain seed quality and prevent the spread of costly weeds, pests and diseases, in some countries regulatory controls have been in place since the 1800s. Nevertheless, seed contaminants are internationally implicated in between 7% and 37% of the invasive plant species and many of the agricultural pests and diseases. We assess biosecurity risk across international seed trade networks of forage crops using models of contaminant spread that integrate network connectivity and trade volume. To stochastically model hypothetical contaminants through global seed trade networks, realistic dispersal probabilities were estimated from quarantine weed seed detections and incursions from border security interception data in New Zealand. For our test case we use contaminants linked to the global trade of ryegrass and clover seed. Between 2014 and 2018 only four quarantine weed species (222 species and several genera are on the quarantine schedule) warranting risk mitigation were detected at the border. Quarantine weeds were rare considering that average import volumes were over 190 tonnes for ryegrass and clover, but 105 unregulated contaminant species were allowed in. Ryegrass and clover seed imports each led to one post-border weed incursion response over 20 years. Trade reports revealed complex global seed trade networks spanning >134 (ryegrass) and >110 (clover) countries. Simulations showed contaminants could disperse to as many as 50 (clover) or 80 (ryegrass) countries within 10 time-steps. Risk assessed via network models differed 18% (ryegrass) or 48% (clover) of the time compared to risk assessed on trade volumes. We conclude that biosecurity risk is driven by network position, the number of trading connections and trade volume. Risk mitigation measures could involve the use of more comprehensive lists of regulated species, comprehensive inspection protocols, or the addition of field surveillance at farms where seed is planted.
FMRP and MOV10 regulate Dicer1 expression and dendrite development
Authors: Lannom Monica C. , Nielsen Joshua , Nawaz Aatiqa , Shilikbay Temirlan , Ceman Stephanie
Published: November 2021

Fragile X syndrome results from the loss of expression of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP). FMRP and RNA helicase Moloney Leukemia virus 10 (MOV10) are important Argonaute (AGO) cofactors for miRNA-mediated translation regulation. We previously showed that MOV10 functionally associates with FMRP. Here we quantify the effect of reduced MOV10 and FMRP expression on dendritic morphology. Murine neurons with reduced MOV10 and FMRP phenocopied Dicer1 KO neurons which exhibit impaired dendritic maturation Hong J (2013), leading us to hypothesize that MOV10 and FMRP regulate DICER expression. In cells and tissues expressing reduced MOV10 or no FMRP, DICER expression was significantly reduced. Moreover, the Dicer1 mRNA is a Cross-Linking Immunoprecipitation (CLIP) target of FMRP Darnell JC (2011), MOV10 Skariah G (2017) and AGO2 Kenny PJ (2020). MOV10 and FMRP modulate expression of DICER1 mRNA through its 3’untranslated region (UTR) and introduction of a DICER1 transgene restores normal neurite outgrowth in the Mov10 KO neuroblastoma Neuro2A cell line and branching in MOV10 heterozygote neurons. Moreover, we observe a global reduction in AGO2-associated microRNAs isolated from Fmr1 KO brain. We conclude that the MOV10-FMRP-AGO2 complex regulates DICER expression, revealing a novel mechanism for regulation of miRNA production required for normal neuronal morphology.
Oxytocin receptor disruption in Avil-expressing cells results in blunted sociability and increased inter-male aggression
Authors: Tabbaa Manal , Moses Ashley , Hammock Elizabeth A. D.
Published: November 2021

Social behaviors are foundational to society and quality of life while social behavior extremes are core symptoms in a variety of psychopathologies and developmental disabilities. Oxytocin (OXT) is a neuroactive hormone that regulates social behaviors through its receptor (OXTR), with all previously identified social behavior effects attributed to the central nervous system, which has developmental origins in the neural tube. However, OXTR are also present in neural crest-derived tissue including sensory ganglia of the peripheral nervous system. Avil encodes for the actin-binding protein ADVILLIN, is expressed in neural crest-derived cells, and was therefore used as a target in this study to knock out OXTR expression in neural-crest derived cells. Here, we tested if OXTRs specifically expressed in Avil positive neural crest-derived cells are necessary for species-typical adult social behaviors using a Cre-LoxP strategy. Genetically modified male and female mice lacking OXTR in Avil expressing cells (OXTRAvil KO) were tested for sociability and preference for social novelty. Males were also tested for resident intruder aggression. OXTRAvil KO males and females had reduced sociability compared to OXTRAvil WT controls. Additionally, OXTRAvil KO males had increased aggressive behaviors compared to controls. These data indicate that OXTRs in cells of neural crest origin are important regulators of typical social behaviors in C57BL/6J adult male and female mice and point to needed directions of future research.
Blood pressure changes during the first 24 hours of life and the association with the persistence of a patent ductus arteriosus and occurrence of intraventricular haemorrhage
Authors: Boldt Robert , Mäkelä Pauliina M. , Immeli Lotta , Sund Reijo , Leskinen Markus , Luukkainen Päivi , Andersson Sture
Published: November 2021

Very low birthweight (VLBW) infants are at risk of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and delayed closure of ductus arteriosus. We investigated mean arterially recorded blood pressure (MAP) changes during the first day of life in VLBW infants as potential risk factors for a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and IVH. This retrospective cohort study exploring MAP changes during adaption and risk factors for a PDA and IVH comprised 844 VLBW infants admitted to the Helsinki University Children’s Hospital during 2005–2013. For each infant, we investigated 600 time-points of MAP recorded 4–24 hours after birth. Based on blood pressure patterns revealed by a data-driven method, we divided the infants into two groups. Group 1 (n = 327, mean birthweight = 1019 g, mean gestational age = 28 + 1/7 weeks) consisted of infants whose mean MAP was lower at 18–24 hours than at 4–10 hours after birth. Group 2 (n = 517, mean birthweight = 1070 g, mean gestational age = 28 + 5/7 weeks) included infants with a higher mean MAP at 18–24 hours than at 4–10 hours after birth. We used the group assignments, MAP, gestational age at birth, relative size for gestational age, surfactant administration, inotrope usage, invasive ventilation, presence of respiratory distress syndrome or sepsis, fluid intake, and administration of antenatal steroids to predict the occurrence of IVH and use of pharmacological or surgical therapy for a PDA before 42 weeks of gestational age. Infants whose mean MAP is lower at 18–24 hours than at 4–10 hours after birth are more likely to undergo surgical ligation of a PDA (odds ratio = 2.1; CI 1.14–3.89; p = 0.018) and to suffer from IVH (odds ratio = 1.83; CI 1.23–2.72; p = 0.003).
Beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) acoustic foraging behavior and applications for long term monitoring
Authors: Castellote Manuel , Mooney Aran , Andrews Russel , Deruiter Stacy , Lee Wu-Jung , Ferguson Megan , Wade Paul
Published: November 2021

Cook Inlet, Alaska, is home to an endangered and declining population of 279 belugas (Delphinapterus leucas). Recovery efforts highlight a paucity of basic ecological knowledge, impeding the correct assessment of threats and the development of recovery actions. In particular, information on diet and foraging habitat is very limited for this population. Passive acoustic monitoring has proven to be an efficient approach to monitor beluga distribution and seasonal occurrence. Identifying acoustic foraging behavior could help address the current gap in information on diet and foraging habitat. To address this conservation challenge, eight belugas from a comparative, healthy population in Bristol Bay, Alaska, were instrumented with a multi-sensor tag (DTAG), a satellite tag, and a stomach temperature transmitter in August 2014 and May 2016. DTAG deployments provided 129.6 hours of data including foraging and social behavioral states. A total of 68 echolocation click trains ending in terminal buzzes were identified during successful prey chasing and capture, as well as during social interactions. Of these, 37 click trains were successfully processed to measure inter-click intervals (ICI) and ICI trend in their buzzing section. Terminal buzzes with short ICI (minimum ICI <8.98 ms) and consistently decreasing ICI trend (ICI increment range <1.49 ms) were exclusively associated with feeding behavior. This dual metric was applied to acoustic data from one acoustic mooring within the Cook Inlet beluga critical habitat as an example of the application of detecting feeding in long-term passive acoustic monitoring data. This approach allowed description of the relationship between beluga presence, feeding occurrence, and the timing of spawning runs by different species of anadromous fish. Results reflected a clear preference for the Susitna River delta during eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus), Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), and coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon spawning run periods, with increased feeding occurrence at the peak of the Chinook and pink salmon runs.
Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of durian CYPome related to fruit ripening
Authors: Suntichaikamolkul Nithiwat , Sangpong Lalida , Schaller Hubert , Sirikantaramas Supaart
Published: November 2021

Durian (Durio zibethinusL.) is a major economic crop native to Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand. Accordingly, understanding durian fruit ripening is an important factor in its market worldwide, owing to the fact that it is a climacteric fruit with a strikingly limited shelf life. However, knowledge regarding the molecular regulation of durian fruit ripening is still limited. Herein, we focused on cytochrome P450, a large enzyme family that regulates many biosynthetic pathways of plant metabolites and phytohormones. Deep mining of the durian genome and transcriptome libraries led to the identification of all P450s that are potentially involved in durian fruit ripening. Gene expression validation by RT-qPCR showed a high correlation with the transcriptome libraries at five fruit ripening stages. In addition to aril-specific and ripening-associated expression patterns, putative P450s that are potentially involved in phytohormone metabolism were selected for further study. Accordingly, the expression ofCYP72,CYP83,CYP88,CYP94,CYP707, andCYP714was significantly modulated by external treatment with ripening regulators, suggesting possible crosstalk between phytohormones during the regulation of fruit ripening. Interestingly, the expression levels ofCYP88,CYP94, andCYP707, which are possibly involved in gibberellin, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid biosynthesis, respectively, were significantly different between fast- and slow-post-harvest ripening cultivars, strongly implying important roles of these hormones in fruit ripening. Taken together, these phytohormone-associated P450s are potentially considered additional molecular regulators controlling ripening processes, besides ethylene and auxin, and are economically important biological traits.
CURCUMIN MICELLES IMPROVE MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION IN A MOUSE MODEL OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: Hagl S. , Heinrich M. , Kocher A. , Schiborr C. , Frank J. , Eckert G.P.
Published: November 2021

Preventive strategies for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) should start early at a prodromal stage. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been found to play an important role in the initiation of both aging and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Curcumin, a widely used spice and food-coloring agent, is a polyphenol derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa. It is known to have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-protein-aggregate activities which are usually considered beneficial for mitochondrial function. We assessed brain mitochondrial function and concentrations of soluble Aβ40 in a mouse model of AD (Thy1-APP751SL transgenic mice) after 3-week administration of curcumin micelles. Curcumin micelles are a newly developed formulation that account for increased curcumin bioavailability. Curcumin treatment had positive effects on mitochondrial membrane potential and respiratory control ratio. Additionally, it decreased levels of soluble Aβ40 in brains of Thy1-APPSL transgenic mice. Hence, curcumin micelles are a promising neutraceutical for the prevention of AD.
ALZHEIMER’S PREVENTION EDUCATION: IF WE BUILD IT, WILL THEY COME? www.AlzU.org
Authors: Isaacson R.S. , Haynes N. , Seifan A. , Larsen D. , Christiansen S. , Berger J.C. , Safdieh J.E. , Lunde A.M. , Luo A. , Kramps M. , McInnis M. , Ochner C.N.
Published: November 2021

Background: Internet-based educational interventions may be useful for impacting knowledge and behavioral change. However, in AD prevention, little data exists about which educational tools work best in terms of learning and interest in participating in clinical trials. Objectives: Primary: Assess effectiveness of interactive webinars vs. written blog-posts on AD prevention learning. Secondary: Evaluate the effect of AD prevention education on interest in participating in clinical trials; Assess usability of, and user perceptions about, an online AD education research platform; Classify target populations (demographics, learning needs, interests). Design: Observational Setting: Online Participants: Men/Women, aged 25+, recruited via facebook.com Intervention: Alzheimer’s Universe (www.AlzU.org) education research platform Measurements: Pre/post-test performance, self-reported Likert-scale ratings, completion rates Results: Over two-weeks, 4268 visits were generated. 503 signed-up for a user account (11.8% join rate), 196 participated in the lessons (39.0%) and 100 completed all beta-testing steps (19.9%). Users randomized to webinar instruction about AD prevention and the stages of AD demonstrated significant increases (p=0.01) in pre vs. post-testing scores compared to blog-post intervention. Upon joining, 42% were interested in participating in a clinical trial in AD prevention. After completing all beta-test activities, interest increased to 86%. Users were primarily women and the largest category was children of AD patients. 66.3% joined to learn more about AD prevention, 65.3% to learn more about AD treatment. Conclusions: Webinar-based education led to significant improvements in learning about AD prevention and the stages of AD. AlzU.org participation more than doubled interest in AD prevention clinical trial participation. Subjects were quickly and cost-effectively recruited, and highly satisfied with the AD education research platform. Based on these data, we will further refine AlzU.org prior to public launch and aim to study the effectiveness of 25 interactive webinar-based vs. blog-post style lessons on learning and patient outcomes, in a randomized, within-subjects design trial.
Cloud Computing Present Limitations and Future Trends
Authors: AlTwaijiry Ahmad
Published: November 2021

Cloud computing is still in its early stage. There are several companies, both big and small, that provide a diverse range of cloud-based services. There are several types of apps, such as complete programs, support services, mail filtering services, and storage services. IT professionals have become used to using some of the many cloud-based services as business requirements required. Cloud computing aggregators and integrators, on the other hand, are already developing, providing bundles of goods and services as a single point of access to the cloud. This research attempts to explore the current limitations and future trends of cloud computing. More specifically, this research discusses current limitations such as limited control, Cloud outage, Vendor lock-in, Cloud security, Energy consumption and the future trends to combat these limitations such as Edge computing, Hybrid and Multi-Cloud solutions, green cloud computing, serverless computing.
Hybrid APC in Combination With Resection for the Endoscopic Treatment of Neoplastic Barrett's Esophagus: A Prospective, Multicenter Study
Authors: Knabe Mate , Beyna Torsten , Rösch Thomas , Bergman Jacques , Manner Hendrik , May Andrea , Schachschal Guido , Neuhaus Horst , Kandler Jennis , Weusten Bas , Pech Oliver , Faiss Siegbert , Anders Mario , Vieth Michael , Sehner Susanne , Bisschops Raf , Bhandari Pradeep , Ell Christian , Ehlken Hanno
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTION:

The current therapy of neoplastic Barrett's esophagus (BE) consists of endoscopic resection plus ablation, with radiofrequency ablation as the best studied technique. This prospective trial assesses a potential alternative, namely hybrid argon plasma ablation.

METHODS:

Consecutive patients with neoplastic BE undergoing ablation after curative endoscopic resection (89.6%) or primarily were included into this prospective trial in 9 European centers. Up to 5 ablation sessions were allowed for complete eradication of BE (initial complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia [CE-IM]), by definition including BE-associated neoplasia, documented by 1 negative endoscopy with biopsies. The main outcome was the rate of initial CE-IM in intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) samples at 2 years. The secondary end points were the rate of recurrence-free cases (sustained CE-IM) documented by negative follow-up endoscopies with biopsies and immediate/delayed adverse events.

RESULTS:

One hundred fifty-four patients (133 men and 21 women, mean age 64 years) received a mean of 1.2 resection and 2.7 ablation sessions (range 1–5). Initial CE-IM was achieved in 87.2% of 148 cases in the PP analysis (ITT 88.4%); initial BE-associated neoplasia was 98.0%. On 2-year follow-up of the 129 successfully treated cases, 70.8% (PP) or 65.9% (ITT) showed sustained CE-IM; recurrences were mostly endoscopy-negative biopsy-proven BE epithelium and neoplasia in 3 cases. Adverse events were seen in 6.1%.

DISCUSSION:

Eradication and recurrence rates of Barrett's intestinal metaplasia and neoplasia by means of hybrid argon plasma coagulation at 2 years seem to be within expected ranges. Final evidence in comparison to radiofrequency ablation can only be provided by a randomized comparative trial.
Application of hypnosis in psychOncology: A review of the literature
Authors: Remondes-Costa Sónia , Magalhães Filipa , Martins Inês , Louro André , Santos Martim , Pereira M. Graça
Published: November 2021

Hypnosis is useful for multiple somatic and psychological disorders, particularly cancer disease-related issues. In fact, the literature points out that hypnosis is effective in helping patients deal with aspects disease related, as well as in reducing the side effects of treatment. This review of the literature aims to summarize and assess the evidence of the usefulness of hypnosis in cancer patients and was conducted based on articles published between 2012 and 2019. The databases used were: B-on, SciELO, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies were assessed. Among 837 studies identified, nine met the inclusion criteria and were selected. The studies were consensual to the effectiveness of hypnosis in reducing a set of symptoms in cancer patients, mainly pain, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and insomnia. However, several methodological limitations were identified. The practice of hypnosis is related to a significant number of techniques and approaches that differ from each other, thus compromising the interpretation and generalization of its effects. This review updates the evidence and suggests that the study of the efficacy of hypnosis in cancer patients is still limited. Further research into the effectiveness and acceptability of hypnosis for cancer patients is recommended.
Virtue, habit and neuroscience
Authors: Murillo Jose Ignacio
Published: November 2021

Neuroscience has much to offer to our understanding of human action, including its ethical dimensions. However, while neuroscience has been applied to questions of personal identity, emotion and moral decision-making, its implications for the classical notion of virtue have hardly been considered. This likely has much to do with the way in which the classical notion of virtue, together with closely related concepts of nature and habit, has been forgotten or distorted within the context of modern thought. As a consequence, the standard neuroscientific concept of habit as automatic and routine behavior is fundamentally opposed to teleological activity and thus cannot be reconciled with the classical concept of habit that is essential to virtue. The recovery of the classical notion of virtue in contemporary philosophy invites us to rethink the neuroscientific concept of habit in light of a different view of human behavior for which plasticity is not just indeterminacy but rather openness to freedom and growth.
Bat conservation and ecotourism: the case of two abandoned tunnels in Salamanca, Western Iberia
Authors: Revilla-Martín Natalia , Alonso-Alonso Pedro , Sereno-Cadierno Jorge , Llanos-Guerrero César , Hernández-Tabernero Luis , Lizana-Avia Miguel
Published: November 2021

Underground roosts play a key role in the conservation of cave-dwelling bats. In regions where natural roosts are scarce, human-made artificial roosts can host important populations of these species. The roosts studied in the present work are two railway tunnels abandoned in 1984 that have become one of the biggest cavedwelling bats roosts in the region. Several thousands of roosting bats were reported during summer in the 1990s, and more recently, in the mid-2010s, large groups of hibernating bats and maternity colonies were found in them (Lizana-Ciudad 2015, Hernández-Tabernero et al. 2016). Now, as a measure for local economic development, a hiking route following the railroad has been habilitated and it could threaten bat colonies if many visitors enter into the tunnels. In this work, we present the data of monthly monitoring carried out during 2018 and we propose conservation measures that would allow the coexistence of the touristic hiking route and the remarkable colonies of cave-dwelling bats that the tunnels host. This monitoring shows that the occupation of the roosts is very dynamic, with different species occupying each of them in different seasons. Overall, the longest tunnel is mainly a winter hibernaculum, while the shorter one is used as a breeding roost which hosts large colonies of bats. The most abundant species in the studied roosts were Miniopterus schreibersii, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Myotis myotis, and Myotis blythii. These roosts seem to be part of a large transnational network of underground roosts that are well known on the Portuguese side with very limited knowledge on the Spanish side. We hope by implementing simple measures, these roosts can be preserved whilst still maintaining the hiking route for visitor enjoyment and promoting the economic development of the area.
Policies and practices in the field of laboratory hematology in Croatia – a current overview and call for improvement
Authors: Biljak Vanja Radišić , Lapić Ivana , Vidranski Valentina , Herceg Ivona , Tomić Franciska , Šimac Brankica , Horvat Martina , Čičak Helena , Vuljanić Dora , Dorotić Adrijana , Nikler Ana
Published: November 2021

Objectives

In 2019 The Croatian Working Group for Laboratory Hematology, on behalf of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, wanted to explore the background in field of laboratory hematology routine practice among Croatian laboratories in order to develop future strategies for producing national recommendations, if needed.

Methods

During April and May 2019, a comprehensive survey covering all main parts of the total testing process within the field of laboratory hematology among Croatian medical laboratories was conducted. The survey comprised 49 inquiries. Data was collected using Survey Monkey (Palo Alto, CA, USA). All collected data was anonymized.

Results

The response rate was 72%. There is still a substantial number of laboratories that have only three-part differential hematology analyzers (9%). Furthermore, a very high number of laboratories did not perform analyzer verification prior to implementation into routine work (31%). Out of those who have verified their analyzers, a diversity of guidelines and recommendations were used. Nearly 10% of the laboratories do not have a defined policy regarding specimen rejection. The majority of the participants perform internal quality control daily (83%), however, only 51% of respondents evaluate the agreement between different hematology analyzers on daily basis. Although more than 90% of Croatian laboratories have a defined policy regarding specimen rejection, only 61% of respondents continuously monitor quality indicators in routine practice.

Conclusions

The survey revealed substantial differences in all aspects of laboratory hematology practices among Croatian medical laboratories, indicating the need for universal recommendations at the national level.
The association of cytochrome 7A1 and ATP-binding cassette G8 genotypes with type 2 diabetes among Jordanian patients
Authors: Abed Eyada , Jarrar Yazun , Alhawari Hussam , Abdullah Sarah , Zihlif Malek
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Increased cholesterol levels were found to be associated with diabetes mellitus type II (DM2). The cholesterol is metabolized by cytochrome 7A1 (CYP7A1) and transported in the intestine by ATP-binding cassette G8 (ABCG8). Genetic variants in CYP7A1 and ABCG8 genes can affect the cholesterol levels. The aim of this study is to compare the frequency of CYP7A1 rs3808607 and ABCG8 rs11887534 and rs4148217 genotypes between healthy and DM2 subjects from Jordanian population.

Methods

A total of 117 DM2 patients and 100 healthy controls, of Jordanian Arabic origin, were genotyped for CYP7A1 rs3808607 and ABCG8 rs11887534 and rs4148217 genetic variants using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism technique.

Results

The study showed that homozygosity of rs3808607 (A-204C) genotype in CYP7A1 was significantly higher in DM2 patients (ANOVA, p<0.05) with an odd ratio of 2.66, but rs11887534 (G55C) and rs4148217 (C1199A) genetic polymorphisms in ABCG8 were found in comparable frequencies in both healthy and DM2 subjects.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicate that CYP7A1 rs3808607 genetic polymorphism is associated with DM2. Further clinical studies are required to confirm this finding among DM2 patients of Jordanian origin.
Individuelle Handlungskompetenz vs. Partizipation an sozialen Praktiken – Zugang zu Mitspielfähigkeit als gesellschaftliche Verantwortung
Authors: Daase Andrea
Published: November 2021

Der GER wird in seiner Verwendung für den berufsbezogenen DaZ-Unterricht und auf Basis praxeologischer Ansätze kritisch diskutiert. Statt berufssprachliche Kompetenz in den Lernenden zu verorten und ihnen die Verantwortung der Aneignung als Voraussetzung für den Zugang zu Arbeit und Beruf zu übertragen, wird ein Verständnis von Kompetenz in geteilter Handlungsträgerschaft vorgeschlagen, aus dem sich die Forderung nach Zugang zu und Teilhabe an berufssprachlichen Praktiken ableiten lässt.
Input und rezeptiver Wortschatz im Deutschen als Zweitsprache bei geflüchteten Jugendlichen in parallel geführten Intensivklassen an einer beruflichen Schule
Authors: Reez Carina , Czinglar Christine
Published: November 2021

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Zugang zur deutschen Sprache von 15 geflüchteten Jugendlichen in parallelen Intensivklassen an einer beruflichen Schule in Kassel. Mittels eines leitfadengestützten Interviews wurde die kumulative Inputmenge (in Stunden) ermittelt und mit dem rezeptiven Wortschatz der Jugendlichen verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, wie heterogen sowohl die sprachliche Umgebung als auch die Deutschkenntnisse der jugendlichen Seiteneinsteiger*innen sind, und werfen die Frage auf, inwieweit unter solchen Rahmenbedingungen ein für den Übertritt in weiterführende Bildungs- oder Ausbildungsgänge notwendiges Sprachniveau für diese Lernergruppe überhaupt erreichbar ist.
Complete reducibility of subgroups of reductive algebraic groups over non-perfect fields IV: An 𝐹4 example
Authors: Bannuscher Falk , Litterick Alastair , Uchiyama Tomohiro
Published: November 2021

Let 𝑘 be a non-perfect separably closed field.
Let 𝐺 be a connected reductive algebraic group defined over 𝑘.
We study rationality problems for Serre’s notion of complete reducibility of subgroups of 𝐺.
In particular, we present the first example of a connected non-abelian 𝑘-subgroup 𝐻 of 𝐺 that is 𝐺-completely reducible but not 𝐺-completely reducible over 𝑘, and the first example of a connected non-abelian 𝑘-subgroup

H
′

H^{\prime}

of 𝐺 that is 𝐺-completely reducible over 𝑘 but not 𝐺-completely reducible.
This is new: all previously known such examples are for finite (or non-connected) 𝐻 and

H
′

H^{\prime}

only.
Love Motifs in Prudentius
Authors: Moreno Soldevila Rosario
Published: November 2021

By analysing three paradigmatic passages, this paper explores how Prudentius uses classical love motifs and imagery not only to lambast paganism, but also as a powerful rhetorical tool to convey his Christian message. The ‘fire of love’ imagery is conspicuous inPsychomachia53–57, which wittily blends Christian and erotic language. In an entirely different context (C. Symm.2.1071–1085), theflamma amorisis also fully exploited to depict lustful young Vestal Virgins, in combination with other classical metaphors of passion, such as the ‘wound of love’ and thesigna amoris. Additionally, the contrast between heat and cold is a central element in the description of the Vestals’ tardy nuptials, redolent of classical satirical portraits ofvetulae libidinosae. Finally, inHamartigenia628–636 the relationship between the soul and God draws from a Christian tradition of bridal (and coital) representation, but the lapse into sin is portrayed as the love triangle, typical of the Latin love elegy. These examples illustrate how Prudentius creatively and consciously frames love and sex imagery in new contexts, exploring their potential and infusing clichés with new meanings and forms.
Mechanical and antibacterial properties of ZnO/chitosan bio-composite films
Authors: Kalemtas Ayse , Kocer Hasan B. , Aydin Ahmet , Terzioglu Pinar , Aydin Gulsum
Published: November 2021

In the current study, ZnO/chitosan bio-composite films were produced via solution-casting method. Two different ZnO powders, micrometer (d50 ≅ 1.5 μm) and nanometer sized (d50 ≅ 100 nm), were used to investigate the effect of ZnO particle size and concentration (0, 2, and 8% w/w of chitosan) on the mechanical and antibacterial properties of the ZnO/chitosan bio-composite films. The incorporation of the ZnO powders into the chitosan film resulted in an increase in the tensile strength (TS) and a decrease in the elongation at break (EB) values. Mechanical test results revealed that TS and EB properties were considerably affected (p < 0.05) by the concentration and particle size of the ZnO reinforcement. Disc diffusion method demonstrated good antibacterial activities of bio-composite films containing high amount of ZnO (8% w/w of chitosan) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus subtilis. The growth-limiting effect of the films was more pronounced for S. aureus and K. pneumoniae. Due to enhanced TS and imparted antibacterial activity of the produced ZnO/chitosan bio-composite films, these materials are promising candidates for applications such as food packaging, wound dressing, and antibacterial coatings for various surfaces.
Recent endeavors in microbial remediation of micro- and nanoplastics
Authors: Abda Ebrahim M. , Muleta Atsede , Tafesse Mesfin , Prabhu Sundramurthy Venkatesa , Aemro Afework
Published: November 2021

Petrochemical plastics are frequently utilized in our daily lives for various purposes such as packaging and transportation, but their burden on the environment is considered one of the most man-made pollution crises. These pollutants are slowly fragmented in the environment into microplastics and nanoplastics by consolidated actions of abiotic and biotic factors. Microplastics and nanoplastics can easily be dispersed in the atmosphere and be harmful to all kinds of life. As a result, the remediation of micro- and nanoplastics has recently received a tremendous research impetus in the realm of an ecologically benign approach, notably microbial-based remediation. Thus, the current article looks at the formation, properties, analysis, and biological effects of micro- and nanoplastics. The content is then streamlined towards a comprehensive discussion on microbial-mediated degradation of microplastics and nanoplastics, with an emphasis on front-line bacteria and enzymes, as well as remediation mechanisms. Further, technologies for the removal of microplastics and nanoplastics from the environment are presented for possible remedial considerations. An attempt is also made to highlight the practical snags of microbial plastic degradation while aiming to alleviate the environmental burden of plastic waste.
Gestationsdiabetes in Deutschland
Authors: Greiner Gregory Gordon , Linnenkamp Ute , Viehmann Anja , Leve Verena , Adamczewski Heinke , Icks Andrea
Published: November 2021

Gestationsdiabetes mellitus (GDM, ICD-10-Code: O24.4) ist eine Glukosetoleranzstörung, die erstmals während der Schwangerschaft auftritt. Auch wenn sich die Blutzuckerwerte nach der Entbindung häufig normalisieren, gehen jedoch kurz- und langfristige gesundheitliche Risiken für Mutter und Kind mit dem GDM einher. Prävention, Diagnose, Therapie und Nachsorge sind somit essentiell für die Gesundheit von Mutter und Kind. Im Folgenden soll ein kurzer Überblick für Deutschland gegeben werden.
Schaffung gesunder Ernährungsumfelder: Ergebnisse des Food-EPI
Authors: Klinger Carmen , Geffert Karin , Hebestreit Antje , Rehfuess Eva A. , von Philipsborn Peter
Published: November 2021

Der Zunahme ernährungsbedingter Erkrankungen, wie dem Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus, kann durch politische Regulierungen entgegengewirkt werden. Die Schaffung eines gesunden Ernährungsumfeldes kann eine positive Entwicklung langfristig unterstützen. Eine Analyse ernährungsrelevanter Politikfelder mit dem Food-EPI ergab, dass Deutschland in vielen Bereichen hinter internationalen Best Practice Beispielen zurückbleibt und wichtige Chancen zur Verbesserung des Ernährungsumfeldes ungenutzt lässt.
Leistungsinanspruchnahme und Kosten bei Menschen mit Diabetes und komorbider Depression
Authors: Brüne Manuela , Linnenkamp Ute , Icks Andrea
Published: November 2021

Im Rahmen einer Studie wurden Fragebogen- und Krankenkassendaten verknüpft. Ausgewertet wurden Leistungsinanspruchnahme und Kosten von 450 Personen mit Diabetes und Depression und von 1.184 Personen mit Diabetes ohne Depression. Die Gruppe mit Depression nahm mehr Leistungen in Anspruch und hatte höhere Gesamtkosten (5.629,00 € vs. 3.252,00 €). Der Anteil der spezifischen Depressionsbehandlung war dabei gering.
Entscheidungshilfe zum diabetischen Fußsyndrom unterstützt Zweitmeinungsverfahren
Authors: Fechtelpeter Dennis , Koch Klaus
Published: November 2021

Ärztinnen und Ärzte müssen ihre Patientinnen und Patienten vor bestimmten elektiven Eingriffen auf das Recht hinweisen, eine Zweitmeinung einholen zu können. Das Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen (IQWiG) hat für solche Situationen Entscheidungshilfen entwickelt, unter anderem zur Frage, ob bei einem diabetischen Fußsyndrom eine Amputation vermieden werden kann.
Disease-Management-Programme (DMP): ein Beispiel für erfolgreiches Qualitätsmanagement? Ergebnisse aus dem DMP Typ-2-Diabetes in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Authors: Hagen Bernd
Published: November 2021

In dem DMP Typ-2-Diabetes wurden Mitte 2020 bundesweit ca. 4,4 Millionen Patienten betreut, davon in NRW bis Ende 2019 mehr als 1 Million. Dort erreicht das DMP damit ca. 83–91% der erwarteten GKV-Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes. Von den 14 vertraglich festgelegten Qualitätszielen werden 10 erreicht oder überschritten. Parallel dazu sinkt im DMP die Prävalenz und Inzidenz patientenrelevanter Endpunkte. Offenbar konnte in dem DMP ein Qualitätsmanagement erfolgreich umgesetzt werden.
Testing of solid oxide cells at high current densities
Authors: Weber André
Published: November 2021

Solid Oxide Cells (SOCs) have gained an increasing interest as electrochemical energy converters due to their high efficiency, fuel flexibility and ability of reversible fuel cell/electrolysis operation. During the development process as well as in quality assurance tests, the performance of single cells and cell stacks is commonly evaluated by means of current/voltage- (CV-) characteristics. Despite of the fact that the measurement of a CV-characteristic seems to be simple compared to more complex, dynamic methods as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy or current interrupt techniques, the resulting performance strongly depends on the test setup and the chosen operating conditions.

In this paper, the impact of different single cell testing environments and operating conditions on the CV-characteristic of high performance cells is discussed. The influence of cell size, contacting and current collection, contact pressure, fuel flow rate and composition on the achievable cell performance is presented and limitations arising from the test bed and testing conditions will be pointed out. As today’s high performance cells are capable of delivering current densities of several ampere per cm2 a special emphasis will be laid on single cell testing in this current range.