bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Models for prediction of individual leaf area of forage legumes
Authors: Santana Hygor Amaral , Rezende Brunna Rithielly , Santos Wilhan Valasco dos , Silva Anderson Rodrigo da
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT Leaf area is an essential variable for the quantification of other important leaf characteristics in physiological studies of plants, such as normalized photosynthetic rate and normalized phosphorus content. That is one of the reasons for the need of fast and accurate methods to estimate leaf area. The objective of this work was to fit linear or non-linear regression models to predict the individual leaf area of six species of forage legumes, based on digital images analyzed with the package LeafArea, R software. In a field experiment, 100 leaves were randomly collected from the following species: Crotalaria juncea (L.), Canavalia ensiformis (L.), Cajanus cajan (L.), Dolichos lablab (L.), Mucuna cinereum (L.), and Mucuna aterrima (Piper & Tracy) Merr., in which the central leaflet length and width were measured. Afterwards, digital images of each leaf were processed in R software for leaf area estimation. These estimates were used to fit leaf area prediction models; in fact, seventy leaves were used to fit the models; the rest of them were used for model validation. For the six species, the complete second-degree polynomial model, or derivative submodels, can be used to predict leaf area as a function of length and width of the central leaflet, presenting R² above 0.98 and percentage absolute mean error below 9%. In these models, the effect of leaf width is generally greater than the leaf length. The R package LeafArea showed to be a very efficient tool for the estimation of leaf area through the execution of the software ImageJ, with high precision and easy calibration.
Potenciais evocados auditivos de curta e longa latência em indivíduos com disfunção vestibular
Authors: Santos Filha Valdete Alves Valentins dos , Bruckmann Mirtes , Garcia Michele Vargas
Published: May 2018

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a via auditiva em nível de tronco encefálico e cortical em indivíduos com disfunção vestibular periférica. Método Participaram do estudo 19 indivíduos, com idade entre 20 e 80 anos que possuíam exames vestibulares sugestivos de Disfunção Vestibular Periférica Deficitária (DVPD) ou Disfunção Vestibular (DV). Os participantes realizaram avaliação da via auditiva por meio dos Potenciais Evocados Auditivos de Tronco Encefálico (curta latência) e dos potenciais P1, N1, P2, N2 e P300 (longa latência). Resultados Nove indivíduos apresentaram diagnóstico de Disfunção Vestibular e 10 de Disfunção Vestibular Periférica Deficitária. A média geral dos potenciais de longa latência dos participantes ficou dentro da normalidade e no de curta latência houve uma média aumentada na latência das ondas III e V da orelha esquerda, bem como no intervalo interpico I-III de ambas as orelhas. Ao relacionar os potenciais auditivos com DV e DVPD, houve significância estatística apenas no intervalo interpico III-V no potencial de curta latência da orelha direita. Ao comparar longa e curta latência nos grupos, houve diferenças nas latências entre DV e DVPD, sem significância estatística. Conclusão Não houve relação significativa de DV e DVPD com os potenciais auditivos, porém, nos potenciais de longa latência, os indivíduos com Disfunção Vestibular apresentaram maior latência em P1, N1, P2, N2 e os indivíduos com Disfunção Vestibular Periférica Deficitária, maior latência no P300. No potencial de curta latência, houve um aumento nas latências absolutas no grupo Disfunção Vestibular e nos intervalos interpicos em Disfunção Vestibular Periférica Deficitária.
Metabolic and hormone profiles of Holstein x Gyr cows during pre- and postpartum
Authors: Franzoni Ana Paula Saldanha , Gloria Joana Ribeiro da , Costa Anna Luiza Belli de Souza Alves , Martins Ronaldo Alves , Amaral Thiago Fernandes , Azevedo Rafael Alves de , Campos Ernane Ferreira , Coelho Sandra Gesteira
Published: May 2018

Abstract: The objective of this work was to describe the effect of genetic composition on body condition score (BCS), on total lactation production, and on metabolic and hormone profiles of Holstein x Gyr cows under the same pre- and postpartum management conditions. The genetic groups ½ (n=8), – (n=10), and ≥⅞ (n=10) Holstein x Gyr (HG) were evaluated within the same farm, and all of them showed typical lactation curves. The time required to reach peak production did not differ between groups. The groups also did not differ as to time to reach the lowest BCS after calving or to recover BCS after calving, nor as to their BCS values in the week of first ovulation, number of weeks required for first ovulation, and service period. However, ½ HG cows had higher BCS at calving, but also greater BCS loss postpartum. Total lactation production and plasma insulin concentrations of – HG cows postpartum were similar to those of cows specifically selected for milk production. Using parameters obtained with Holstein cows to determine management conditions in farms with crossbred cows can have unwanted consequences, since these animals have different metabolic and hormone profiles.
Incidence of Thyroid Function Test Abnormalities in Patients Receiving Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Patel Nisha Subhash , Oury Anais , Daniels Gregory A. , Bazhenova Lyudmila , Patel Sandip Pravin
Published: May 2018

Background

With the advent of immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy (anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1), immune-related adverse events such as thyroid function test abnormalities (TFTAs) are common, with a reported incidence range of 2%–15% depending upon the ICI used. The aim of this study is to describe the incidence of TFTAs retrospectively in patients who received ICI therapy.

Methods

A total of 285 patients were reviewed (178 male, 107 female; 16–94 years of age), of whom 218 had no baseline TFTAs, 61 had baseline TFTAs, and 6 had a history of thyroidectomy (excluded). At least one dose of ipilimumab and/or nivolumab or pembrolizumab was administered. Post-ICI therapy TFTAs were classified according to standard definitions of thyroid conditions when possible.

Results

A total of 35% (76/218) patients had new-onset TFTAs on ICI therapy. Of note, 70.5% (43/61) had baseline TFTAs that were exacerbated by ICI therapy. The median times to new-onset or exacerbated baseline TFTA were 46 and 33 days, respectively. Of note, 64.5% (20/31) of patients on both ipilimumab and nivolumab had new-onset TFTAs, compared with 31.3% (15/48) on ipilimumab, 31.5% (28/89) on nivolumab, and 26% (13/50) on pembrolizumab.

Conclusion

The incidence of TFTAs with ICI therapy was higher than previously reported. Patients with baseline TFTAs and/or who were receiving ipilimumab and nivolumab combination therapy had a higher incidence of TFTAs than patients receiving single-agent ICI therapy. We recommend more frequent evaluation of thyroid function in the first 8 weeks, especially in patients with baseline TFTAs.

Implications for Practice

Increased use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatment has highlighted the importance of monitoring for and treating immune-related adverse events. This study was conducted to assess the incidence of thyroid function test abnormalities retrospectively in patients with cancer on immune-checkpoint inhibitors, which is not known exactly. This study is unique in that it included patients with a variety of histologic subtypes of cancer and also followed the clinical course of patients with baseline thyroid function test abnormalities. This study can help make oncologists aware that the incidence of thyroid function test abnormalities is higher than anticipated. Early identification and timely treatment can help ameliorate symptoms for patients and improve their overall quality of life.
Global Acceptance of Biosimilars: Importance of Regulatory Consistency, Education, and Trust
Authors: Cazap Eduardo , Jacobs Ira , McBride Ali , Popovian Robert , Sikora Karol
Published: May 2018

Globally, biosimilars are expected to have a key role in improving patient access to biological therapies and addressing concerns regarding the escalating cost of health care. Indeed, in Europe, increased use of biologics and reduced drug prices have been observed after the introduction of biosimilars. Recently, several monoclonal antibody biosimilars of anticancer therapies have been approved, and numerous others are in various stages of clinical development. Biosimilars are authorized via a regulatory pathway separate from that used for generic drugs; they are also regulated separately from novel biologics. Biosimilar approval pathways in many major regulatory regions worldwide are, to a broad degree, scientifically aligned. However, owing to regional differences in health care priorities, policies, and resources, some important regulatory inconsistencies are evident. Acceptance of biosimilars by health care systems, health care professionals, and patients will be a key factor in the uptake of these therapies, and such regulatory variations could contribute to confusion and diminished confidence regarding the quality, efficacy, and reliability of these agents. Furthermore, the need for manufacturers to account for regulatory inconsistencies introduces inefficiencies and delays into biosimilar development programs. These issues should be addressed if biosimilars are to attain their maximal global potential. This review summarizes the evolution of the global biosimilar landscape and provides examples of inconsistencies between regulatory requirements in different regions. In addition, we review ongoing efforts to improve regulatory alignment and highlight the importance of education as a crucial factor in generating trust in, and acceptance of, biosimilars on a worldwide scale.

Implications for Practice

Biosimilars of monoclonal antibody anticancer therapies are beginning to emerge, and more are likely to become available for clinical use in the near future. The extent to which biosimilars can contribute to cancer care will depend on their level of acceptance by health care systems, health care professionals, and patients. A better understanding of the regulatory basis for the approval of biosimilars may enhance confidence and trust in these agents. In order to have informed discussions about treatment choices with their patients, oncologists should familiarize themselves with the biosimilar paradigm.
Partnerships for now?
Authors: Okeke Iruka N.
Published: May 2018

Scientific alliances are typically referred to as ‘collaborations’ but in recent times, those with global health or other development goals are increasingly referred to as ‘partnerships’. I observe that one of the features common to this type of partnership is temporality: flagship programs are frequently initiated but less commonly sustained. Thus the pressure that short-term transnational projects place on African health and educational systems that implement them is sometimes hard to justify. I suggest that one reason for the short life spans of partnerships is inadequate attention to the need to build ‘hard’ and leadership capacities: infrastructure, managerial expertise, administrative capabilities, and the capacity to improvise at African partner institutions.
Friends, partners, and orphans
Authors: Grant Jenna
Published: May 2018

The essay juxtaposes three moments of medical infrastructure and technology aid in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: 1960, 2010, and 2005. The operative terms of these moments are relationship terms: ‘friendship’, ‘partnership’, and ‘orphan’. The 1960 gift of a hospital, equipment, and training made a friend, and reciprocity involved political alignment at the level of the nation-state. The 2010 gift of equipment and training made a partner, and reciprocity involved brand alignment spread across diverse government ministries, public hospitals, private universities, and private businesses. Focusing on the materiality of technology and infrastructure gifts brings us to the orphan. The orphan is a gift that turns toxic. Its toxicity is health-threatening if there is no infrastructure to secure it. The elaborate partnerships required to identify and secure orphan sources of radiation show how gifts of medical technology and infrastructure exist beyond their immediate utility to humans. What technology of partnership will the medical physicist of 2050 unearth, and what ethic of relationality will come to care for, repair, and secure it?
Parents’ Reasons for Sending Their Child to Montessori Schools
Authors: Hiles Elisabeth
Published: May 2018

Although the Montessori Method of education is more than 100 years old, the number of Montessori schools in the United States has exponentially increased since 1990. Montessori methods and practices can be complex and difficult for parents to understand, even among parents whose child attends Montessori schools. Moreover, it is unclear why parents decide to enroll their child in Montessori schools. This study presents the results of a survey administered to 124 parents whose children were enrolled in 3 Montessori schools in Massachusetts. Findings indicate that 4 reasons motivated parents’ choice of Montessori education: attraction to Montessori principles, perceived fit with the Montessori philosophy or school, anticipated outcomes, and attraction to the Montessori classroom. These findings indicate that, to support parents’ decision-making, Montessori administrators should invest in parental and public awareness about Montessori education and provide prospective families with specific information related to school fit, classroom environment, and long-term student outcomes.
Labyrinthulomycete DNA extraction protocol v1
Authors: L. Collier Jackie
Published: May 2018

Modified from Lippmeier et al. 2009
Cryopreservation of labyrinthulomycetes with DMSO and horse serum v1
Authors: Collier Jackie
Published: May 2018

Modified from one of the methods tested by Cox et al. 2009
O estudante com autismo na educação infantil: concepções dos profissionais da sala de aula regular e do AEE
Authors: Silva Anna Karina Braga Bezerra , Fonseca Géssica Fabiely , Brito Max Leandro de Araújo
Published: May 2018

O objetivo desse artigo é descrever concepções de profissionais da educação infantil e do atendimento educacional especializado no que se refere aos processos de escolarização de uma criança com autismo. A metodologia utilizada é qualitativa, com observação de aluno do Nível III da Educação Infantil. Dentre os resultados apresenta posicionamento de professores ao lidar com as especificidades do TEA, e o entendimento sobre o Espectro Autista. Por fim, conclui que pouco se sabe sobre as características do aluno com autismo na escola e que isso se deve a frágil formação inicial do professor.
Crônica de um naufrágio anunciado: entre mares e muros, os refugiados
Authors: Couto Caroline Da Rosa , Hillesheim Betina
Published: May 2018

As migrações em massa não são um fenômeno novo, mas vêm ganhando foco com os novos conflitos armados em curso, em especial entre os anos de 2015 e 2016. O objetivo desse artigo, diante dessa questão, é compreender como se constituem os discursos sobre as migrações em caráter de refúgio na mídia impressa brasileira, mais especificamente no jornal Zero Hora. Para tanto, os dados foram produzidos por meio da análise das reportagens, artigos, seções e colunas do jornal, nos dois anos indicados. A discussão aponta para os efeitos discursivos daquilo que aparece no jornal, indicando como o enlace entre as noções de segurança e defesa da ordem social vêm produzindo a forma como entendemos os deslocamentos atuais.
O media fã como“crítico literário” digital
Authors: De Jesus Lucas Mariano , Ribeiro Ana Elisa
Published: May 2018

Hoje, graças ao advento do digital, as relações da mídia e do entretenimento com os fãs se tornaram mais visíveis. Dentro desse contexto, este trabalho trata dos media fãse das fanfictions. Assim, busca-se compreender como o envolvimento em processos produtivos e coletivos de elaboração de fanfictions moldam o aparecimento de críticos literários digitais dentro dessa comunidade. Assim, por meio de pesquisa exploratória e bibliográfica foram levantados os dados para análise. Por fim, constatou-se que a postura dos leitores diante dos textos produzidos corrobora para a manutenção de um sistema tão literário quanto digital, e que o fortalecimento desse sistema, se dá por meio da legitimação em diferentes níveis de engajamento.
Komposisi Kimia Rumput Laut (Caulerpa lentillifera) dari Perairan Kei Maluku dengan Metode Pengeringan Berbeda
Authors: Tapotubun Alfonsina Marthina
Published: May 2018

Caulerpa lentillifera merupakan salah satu rumput laut khas Maluku khususnya Kepulauan Kei, yang disediakan langsung oleh alam dengan populasi yang cukup padat dan dapat ditemukan sepanjang tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan komposisi kimia anggur laut Caulerpa lentillifera dari Perairan Kepulauan Kei Maluku dengan metode pengeringan yang berbeda. C. lentillifera dikeringkan dengan metode pengeringan sinar matahari langsung selama 3 hari dan pengeringan tidak langsung (keringangin) selama 7 hari. Penelitian menggunakan analisis deskriptif, meliputi analisis komposisi kimia dan total mineral. Kadar air C. lentillifera berkisar 8,82-19,22%, protein 5,63-7,55%, abu 40,66-41,83%, lemak 0,88-0,99%, karbohidrat 29,82-37,76% dan serat kasar 23,02-24,14%. Pengeringan tidak langsung (keringangin) menghasilkan C. lentillifera kering dengan komposisi kimia dan serat yang cenderung lebih tinggi, dibandingkan pengeringan sinar matahari langsung. Keunggulan komposisi kimia C. lentillifera kering dari perairan Kei Maluku adalah kandungan mineral, protein, karbohidrat dan serat kasar yang tinggi, tetapi
kadar lemak rendah sehingga dapat dikembangkan sebagai makanan fungsional.
الاتجاه اللغوي في كتاب معاني القرآن للأخفش الأوسط
Authors: El-qassab Ahmed Hazim Yahya
Published: May 2018

يعتبر الأخفش الأوسط
من أوائل اللغويين الذي أسسوا المدارس النحوية وهو تقريبا أول من ألف في معاني
القرآن الكريم والظاهر أن هذا الكتاب هو تفسير للقرآن الكريم ولكن الأمر ليس كذلك
أبدا فهذا البحث يسلط الضوء على هذا الكتاب ويبين الاتجاه اللغوي في هذا الكتاب ويبين
المسائل اللغوية التي عالجها الأخفش الأوسط ليصل البحث في نهاية المطاف إلى أنَّ
كتاب معاني القرآن هو أول محاولة تقريبا للتفسير اللغوي لآيات القرآن الكريم وهو
كتاب لغوي فيه مختلف المسائل اللغوية ولكن شواهد هذه المسائل وأمثلتها هي آيات
القرآن الكريم فالأخفش في هذا لكتاب لايفسر القرآن الكريم بل يظهر الجانب اللغوي
في الآيات القرآنية ويجعلها شواهدا له في مسائله اللغوية
Innovative Methods of Strengthening the Construction Quality of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
Authors: Zhang Xianghui , Ji Weiming , Qi Yan , Li Liguang , Shi Mazhi
Published: May 2018

With the rapid development of the construction industry, more and more high demands are put on the important modern mechanical and electrical engineering. Many aspects of the mechanical and electrical engineering construction have an impact on the quality of the building. This paper analyzes the principles and methods of construction quality control of electromechanical engineering. In view of the influencing factors of electromechanical construction quality, an innovative method is proposed for reference.
Bending and Vibration Analysis of Curved FG Nanobeams via Nonlocal Timoshenko Model
Authors: Hosseini Seyyed Amirhosein , Rahmani Omid
Published: May 2018

The bending and vibration behavior of a curved FG nanobeam using the nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory is analyzed in this paper. It is assumed that the material properties vary through the radius direction.  The governing equations were obtained using Hamilton principle based on the nonlocal Timoshenko model of curved beam. An analytical approach for a simply supported boundary condition is conducted to analyze the vibration and bending of curved FG nanobeam. In the both mentioned analysis, the effect of significant parameter such as opening angle, the power law index of FGM, nonlocal parameter, aspect ratio and mode number are studied. The accuracy of the solution is examined by comparing the results obtained with the analytical and numerical results published in the literatures.
Analysis of green environmental protection concept in environmental engineering design
Authors: Ding Yong , Zhang Xian , Liu Qiaohong , Wang Ya , Shao Yangci
Published: May 2018

With the development of China's economy, people's living standards are increasing, and the requirements for the living environment are also increasing. In order to meet the requirements of people's living environment while meeting the use of function, the idea of green environmental protection should be paid attention to in the process of engineering design. This paper analyzes the importance of the concept of green environmental protection, and analyzes how to adhere to the concept of green environmental protection.
Elementary introduction to the relevant elements and measures of green building design
Authors: Yang Junguo , Zhu Hongming , Zhang Shulong , Xia Suju , Liu Li
Published: May 2018

With the continuous development of the concept of green architecture, the integration of a large number of environmental protection concepts in the architectural design is the focus of green architecture design.Saving natural resources can also promote the harmonious development of man and nature. Green building design concept to meet the needs of people at the same time, promote the harmonious development of man and nature.Therefore, the concept of green architecture should be fully used in the design of architecture.
Construction summary of karst grouting treatment for Railway Subgrade
Authors: Wang Lincheng
Published: May 2018

The karst is one of the main bad geological problems, which determines the design of the subgrade treatment plan and the safety of the engineering construction.This paper summarizes the key technology of grouting in karst roadbed regulation, and the following factors should be considered in grouting scheme selection: grouting method, technology, material, equipment, grouting control and detection means and standard of grouting effect.Through the use of high density electrical method, transient surface wave method, core drilling method, pressure water test method and so on, study the targeted detection methods for different coverage karst types and different remediation methods.
Software as a Service: An effective platform to deliver holistic Hotel Performance Management systems
Authors:   ESGHT/UAlg, Antonio Nuno , Serra Francisco ,   ESGHT/UAlg
Published: May 2018

This study main objective was to assess the viability of development of a Performance Management (PM) system, delivered in the form of Software as a Service (SaaS), specific for the hospitality industry and to evaluate the benefits of its use. Software deployed in the cloud, delivered and licensed as a service, is becoming increasingly common and accepted in a business context. Although, Business Intelligence (BI) solutions are not usually distributed in the SaaS model, there are some examples that this is changing. To achieve the study objective, design science research methodology was employed in the development of a prototype. This prototype was deployed in four hotels and its results evaluated. Evaluation of the prototype was focused both on the system technical characteristics and business benefits. Results shown that hotels were very satisfied with the system and that building a prototype and making it available in the form of SaaS is a good solution to assess BI systems contribution to improve management performance.
ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL DE Pouteria macrophylla (Lam.) Eyma NA RESERVA EXTRATIVISTA TAPAJÓS-ARAPIUNS
Authors: Costa Daniele Lima da , Gama João Ricardo Vasconcellos , Santos Misael Freitas dos , Ribeiro Renato Bezerra da Silva , Melo Lia Oliveira , Flores Oberdam Müller Moraes das , Silva Hanna Kassia Machado da , Cruz Girlene Da Silva
Published: May 2018

RESUMO: O conhecimento da estrutura populacional de espécies com potencial de uso que não o madeireiro é relevante para destacar outros aproveitamentos da floresta, bem como, o estudo de seu potencial econômico permite elucidar a rentabilidade desse aproveitamento. Objetivou-se avaliar a estrutura populacional de Pouteria macrophylla na reserva extrativista Tapajós-Arapiuns e desse modo indicar se a espécie tem potencial para o comércio de seu fruto. Foram alocadas 202 parcelas (30 m x 250 m). Em cada parcela mensuraram-se todos os indivíduos com diâmetro à altura de 1,30 m do solo ? 10 cm, considerando as seguintes classes de tamanho (CT) e tamanhos de parcelas: CT 1 – 10 cm ? DAP < 25 cm em subparcela de 30 m x 50 m; CT 2 – 25 cm ? DAP < 50 cm em subparcela de 30 m x 100 m; e CT 3 - DAP ? 50 m na parcela de 30 m x 250 m. A espécie apresentou distribuição diamétrica na forma de J invertido e distribuiu-se de modo agregado. O estudo indicou que a espécie Pouteria macrophylla tem potencial para comercialização de frutos e pode proporcionar uma renda complementar para comunitários.           PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Comercialização, Fitossociologia, Potencial de uso, Produto florestal não madeireiro.
ÍNDICES PRODUTIVOS DE ABELHAS NATIVAS ASSOCIADOS À CONDIÇÕES AMBIENTAIS EM ARAPIUNS, PARÁ
Authors: Pires Adcléia Pereira , Pacheco Aline , Martorano Lucieta Guerreiro , Silva Alanna do Socorro Lima da , Viana Ana Paula Da Silva , Diniz Marcelo Costa , Galvão Andria Tavarez , Moraes José Reinaldo Da Silva Cabral de
Published: May 2018

RESUMO: Os animais quando submetidos a condições ambientais fora da zona de termoneutralidade desenvolvem estratégias de sobrevivência que podem comprometer suas funcionalidades, principalmente na produção de alimentos às populações. Objetivou-se identificar índices produtivos de abelhas nativas associados às condições ambientais em colônias de Melipona interrupta criadas racionalmente na comunidade Coroca, Rio Arapiuns. Foi realizado a bionomia de 15 colmeias durante um ano e para diagnosticar as condições em colônias dessas abelhas utilizou-se um termógrafo infravermelho. As chuvas na região concentram-se entre os meses de janeiro a junho, sendo as maiores ofertas pluviais nos meses de março e abril, contabilizando-se 280 mm e 270 mm, respectivamente. No período menos chuvoso as temperaturas médias do ar encontravam-se mais elevadas, sendo esse período o mais propício à floração das espécies nativas, aumentando a oferta de alimentos às abelhas e consequentemente aumenta a produção de mel. Os padrões térmicos nos alvos indicaram que a entrada dos potes de mel estava com as temperaturas mais elevadas, atingindo 43,0 ºC com amplitude térmica de 3,4 °C. Na parede das caixas e nos espaços entre os potes de mel foram detectadas temperaturas semelhantes de 34,0 °C que apontavam indícios de estresse térmico, conforme resultados disponíveis na literatura. Como as abelhas utilizam estratégias de termorregulação notou-se reduzida oscilação da temperatura nos potes de mel, explicada pela capacidade da cera em funcionar como isolante e conservante para as colmeias. Conclui-se que a produtividade de mel no período das mais elevadas temperaturas reforça a adaptabilidade dessa espécie às condições climáticas da região.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Melipona interrupta, Meliponicultura, Serviços Ecossistêmicos, Termorregulação.
DIAGNÓSTICO DA RELAÇÃO ENTRE A ARBORIZAÇÃO E A DIVERSIDADE DE ABELHAS SEM FERRÃO (APIDAE: MELIPONINI) NO CAMPUS TAPAJÓS E NO BOSQUE MEKDECE LOCALIZADOS EM SANTARÉM, PA
Authors: Mesquita Nayara Dos Santos , Dos Santos Graciene Conceição , Mesquita Nayane Dos Santos , Mesquita Rayane Dos Santos , Mesquita Franciléia Dos Santos , Rode Rafael , Ribeiro Rogério Souza , Da Silva Alanna Do Socorro Lima
Published: May 2018

RESUMO: O estudo objetivou caracterizar a significância da arborização como instrumento de conservação da biodiversidade de abelhas sem ferrão no Campus Tapajós e no Bosque Mekdece, localizados na cidade de Santarém, PA. Cada ninho encontrado foi georreferenciado, fotografado, mediu-se sua altura em relação ao solo, para substratos arbóreos mediu-se também a Circunferência do tronco a 1,30 m. As abelhas coletadas foram identificadas a partir da arquitetura de entrada do ninho e de chave de identificação. Verificou-se a riqueza, abundância e diversidade. Foram encontrados ao todo 12 ninhos, pertencentes a 6 espécies diferentes: Trigona guianae (N=2), Melipona (Melikerria) interrupta (N=3), Melipona seminigra aff pernigra (N=1), Trigona pallens (N=3), Tetragona clavipes (N=2), Scapitotrigona sp. (N=1). Os índices de diversidade Shannon-Wiener (H’) foram 1,56 no Campus Tapajós e 1,04 no Bosque Mekdece, já os índices de equitabilidade de Pielou (J) foram 0,97 no Campus Tapajós e 0,95 no Bosque Mekdece, a densidade dos ninhos foi de 1 ninho por hectare (Campus) e 3 ninhos por hectare (Bosque). Com relação à nidificação em árvores, no Campus Tapajós foram identificados 5 ninhos em Dalbergia spruceana e 1 ninho em Copaifera martii, já no Bosque Mekdece identificou-se 3 ninhos em uma mesma espécie arbórea (Inga heterophylla). Quanto à nidificação de abelhas no solo foram encontrados 2 ninhos da espécie Trigona guianae no Campus e 1 ninho de Trigona pallens no Bosque. Constatou-se nos dois locais de estudo que a maioria dos ninhos (75%) estava associada a substratos arbóreos e 25% dos ninhos encontrados estavam localizados no solo.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Abelhas sem ferrão, Conservação, Nidificação.
EFEITO DA CITOCININA 6-BENZILAMINOPURINA (BAP) SOBRE O ESTABELECIMENTO IN VITRO DE SEGMENTOS NODAIS DE Rosa sp.
Authors: Silva Jéssica Paloma , Costa Milla Karolina Correa , De Araújo Maria Rayra Silva , Araújo Kaylanny Silva , Da Silva Ana Caroline Miléo , Costa Tanara Pletsch Dalla , De Oliveira Patrícia Chaves , Sia Eliandra De Freitas
Published: May 2018

RESUMO: As rosas são consideradas uma das plantas ornamentais mais importantes do mercado floricultor. Tendo isto em vista, empregar novas tecnologias produtivas para esta cultura é de grande importância científica e econômica. Por isto, o objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações da citocinina 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) sobre a indução de brotos em Rosa sp. in vitro. Segmentos nodais contendo gemas axilares de uma matriz comercial de Rosa sp. foram suplementados com diversas concentrações de BAP (0,0; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 mg/L). As maiores taxas de explantes responsivos (que apresentaram brotações) foram obtidas nas maiores concentrações do hormônio BAP, embora não haja diferença estatística significativa a nível de 5% entre os tratamentos. Portanto a variação da concentração de BAP influenciou no número de explantes estabelecidos in vitro, proporcionando maior sobrevivência e brotações nos segmentos nodais de Rosa sp.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cultura de tecidos, Micropropagação, Rosa.
ATRATIVIDADE DO MERCADO MADEIREIRO AO INVESTIMENTO PRIVADO NO ESTADO DO PARÁ
Authors: Ribeiro Leal Silmara , Valente de Oliveira Douglas , De Lima Lobato Laura Fernanda , Mendes de Oliveira Juliana , Noce Rommel
Published: May 2018

RESUMO: Objetivou-se analisar a relação risco-retorno dos principais municípios produtores de madeira em tora no período de 2008 a 2014. Admitiu-se a taxa geométrica de crescimento (TGC) como indicativo de retorno e o coeficiente de variação (CV) como indicativo de risco. A atratividade do mercado madeireiro ao investimento privado no estado do Pará mostrou-se bastante variado entre os municípios avaliados. A relação risco/retorno coerente possui valores positivos para a expectativa de retorno, ou seja, atrai investimento, entretanto, nos municípios que apresentaram valores negativos, à relação risco/retorno revelou-se incoerente e consequentemente não atrairia o investimento privado. Observou-se ainda um mercado atrativo a diferentes perfis de investidores, classificados como avesso ao risco, tradicional e propenso ao risco.  A maioria dos municípios é classificada como atrativa ao investidor tradicional. De acordo com os resultados, conclui-se que o mercado madeireiro dos municípios do estado do Pará em sua grande maioria é coerente e mais atrativo ao investimento privado de perfil tradicional.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Economia florestal, Mercado madeireiro, Risco e retorno.
Some Suitable Strategies of Economic Development for Developing Countries like Pakistan
Authors: Mahmood Tariq , Suhaib Abdul Quddus
Published: May 2018

In the present world the bitter fact is that mostly people are living in poverty especially in the developing countries. This paper presents some effective policies and strategies for the rehabilitation of poor inhabitants of developing world. The development and prosperity of developing countries depends on the economic condition of their inhabitants. In developing countries, mostly people are engaged with agricultural sector or with labor sector. Due to their low incomes, per capita of developing countries remain low. But by following some strategies and policies this condition may be changed. Furthermore, export of costly products is also hindrances in the way of achieving progress for developing countries. By solving brain drain, lessening their industrial imports and increasing their exports of industrial goods and increasing literacy rate are some suitable strategies discussed. But despite of all policies and strategies, the infrastructure and increasing literacy among the inhabitants of developing countries and the under developed world are also crucial for improving their per capita income and the standard of living. Without improving the standard of living of the under developed world, crimes, diseases and other wrong deeds cannot be decreased until the problem of hunger and ignorance is not solved.
The Synchronization of Financial and Business Cycles in Saudi Arabia
Authors: El-Baz Osama
Published: May 2018

Financial cycles have become vividly tracked and analyzed by regulatory authorities to avoid the buildup of excessive systemic risks in the financial system that could hamper economic growth. However, fiscal policy usually pays an exclusive attention to business cycles; which might leave fiscal outcomes vulnerable to financial sector dynamics. We investigated financial and business cycles in Saudi Arabia over the period (1970Q1- 2016Q4). The results of the BBQ cycle dating algorithm revealed that the duration of financial upturns (downturns) are longer than that for economic expansions (contractions) in means, also both the amplitude and the slope for upturns (downturns) are higher than those for expansions (contractions) in means. Moreover, financial cycle episodes are more frequent than business cycle episodes. Finally, we found empirical evidence that financial (credit) conditions are crucial for economic stability. Fiscal policy can play an important role in fostering economic growth going forward through the implementation of a countercyclical policy that allows for the accumulation of fiscal buffers and releasing them during periods of an economic slowdown, the setup of early warning systems for business and financial cycles, and the introduction of fiscal rules to limit the scope for a procyclical fiscal stance.
The management and governance of racial integration in public secondary schools in Gauteng
Authors: Naidoo Shantha , Pillay Jace , Conley Lloyd
Published: May 2018

The main purpose of this paper was to establish the effectiveness of school management and governance structures in managing racial integration in public secondary schools. A qualitative study was conducted utilising Critical Race Theory (CRT) and Lewin’s Change Management Theory. A sample of grade 10 learners and educators, which included members of the School Management Team (SMT), School Governing Body (SGB), which represented the four previous education departments, was purposefully selected. Semi-structured, individual interviews and focus group discussions, including a questionnaire with open-ended questions, were used to gather data. The findings, obtained through content analysis, indicate that SMTs and SGBs experience difficulty in managing and governing racial integration in public schools due to the following: policy and practice issues, poor interrelationships, need for capacity building of educators, and on-going racial conflict. Based on the findings, recommendations are made on how SMTs and SGBs could effectively manage racial integration in public secondary schools.

Keywords: governance, management, racial integration; Critical Race Theory, Lewin’s Change Management Theory
The EU’s REDD+ Policy Developments and the Lessons from the Policy Implementation in West Papua and Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Jeong Hyuk
Published: May 2018

Despite its short history of development, the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) policy has started to establish itself as an effective policy for securing carbon offsets for large emitters of greenhouse gases including the European Union (EU). Corresponding to the direction of the international climate change policy area, this article primarily presents the current state of the EU REDD+ policy implementation. It offers considerations and suggestions to overcome the challenges facing an ongoing EU REDD+ project in West Papua and Papua in Indonesia to better direct the policy. First, to provide a primary overview of EU REDD+ policy developments, the article analyses the policy developments at the EU level, including its legal basis, as well as the roles of the EU’s REDD+ policy as it relates to institutions. Second, this article presents the background of the ongoing project in West Papua and Papua, Indonesia, and identifies and analyses the main challenges facing the implementation of the ongoing project. Third, the article discusses the author’s own view regarding these challenges. Finally, in the conclusion, it discusses the prospects and limitations of the EU’s REDD+ policy.
Virological Sampling of Inaccessible Wildlife with Drones
Authors: Geoghegan Jemma L. , Pirotta Vanessa , Harvey Erin , Smith Alastair , Buchmann Jan P. , Ostrowski Martin , Eden John-Sebastian , Harcourt Robert , Holmes Edward C.
Published: May 2018

There is growing interest in characterizing the viromes of diverse mammalian species, particularly in the context of disease emergence. However, little is known about virome diversity in aquatic mammals, in part due to difficulties in sampling. We characterized the respiratory virome of the Eastern Australian humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae). To achieve an unbiased survey of virome diversity a meta-transcriptomic analysis was performed on 19 pooled whale blow samples collected via a purpose-built Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV, or drone) approximately 3km off the coast of Sydney, Australia during the 2017 winter annual northward migration from Antarctica to northern Australia. Despite the relatively small number of animals surveyed, we identified six novel virus species from five viral families. This work demonstrates the potential of UAVs in studies of virus disease, diversity, and evolution.
Urastoma cyprinae, NO MEXILHÃO Perna perna CULTIVADO NO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: CARNEIRO-SCHAEFER Ana Lúcia , SÜHNEL Simone , BRUSA Francisco , MELO Claudio Manoel Rodrigues de , MAGALHÃES Aimê Raquel Magenta
Published: May 2018

Urastoma cyprinae (Platyhelminthes: Urastomidae) foi coletado entre os filamentos branquiais do mexilhão cultivado Perna perna de três localidades do estado de Santa Catarina no sul do Brasil. Amostras de P. perna foram coletadas mensalmente de julho de 2010 a junho de 2011. O diagnóstico de U. cyprinae em P. perna mostrou-se mais eficiente por observações ao microscópio estereoscópico do que por histopatologia, onde menor prevalência e taxa de infestação foram registradas. A temperatura do mar e a salinidade durante o perí­­odo de pesquisa não afetaram a prevalência de U. cyprinae em P. perna. A análise no microscópio estereoscópico apresentou maior prevalência (54,2%) de U. cyprinae nos mexilhões da localidade do norte estudada (Penha - 26Âº46ââ‚¬â„¢S). Além disso, os mexilhões da localidade do sul (Palhoça - 27Âº45ââ‚¬â„¢S) apresentaram a maior taxa de infestação (7,4). Apesar de apresentar alta prevalência e taxa de infestação durante o perí­­odo de estudo, não há evidências de que este turbelário esteja causando danos histopatológicos ao hospedeiro. Mesmo sendo tratado como um parasita de moluscos bivalves, neste estudo observou-se que a relação entre U. cyprinae e P. perna não é de parasitismo sensu stricto.
PENDEKATAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS KARANGAN NARASI
Authors: MS Zulela
Published: May 2018

The aim of this research is to fmd out the effect of instructional approach toward the result of narrative writing of fifth grade elementary school student. The research compared two approaches: Process Skill Approach (PSA) and Goal Oriented Approach (GOA) group of students who study. The result of the research are. (1) There is a significant difference between group of students who study with RA by F o = 9.8401>Ft = 4.20. (2) There is a significant difference between the result of narrative writing by group of student who has high interest in reading and study with Goal Oriented Approach (GOA) and the group of student who has high interest in reading and study with Process Skill Approach by Fo 6.3161>F t 0.643. (3) There is a significant difference between the result of writing by group of student who has low interest in reading and study with Process Skill Approach and the result of writing by group of student who has low interest and study with Goal Oriented Approach by F o 12.2084>Ft 0.0643. (4) There is and interaction between the learning approach and reading interest toward writing of fifth grade elementary school student by Fo 84.6164>Ft 4.20.Based on that analysis, we can see that the skill process approach is more effective, entirely and for the student who has low reading interest in reading GOA is more effective.
Use of Intra-Articular Corticosteroids in Orthopaedics
Authors: Martin Scott D. , Conaway William K. , Lei Pengfei
Published: May 2018

➤ A review of the evidence-based research on the efficacy of intra-articular corticosteroid injections of the osteoarthritic knee was inconclusive.

➤ Combining intra-articular corticosteroid injection with a higher-dose anesthetic may compound chondrotoxic effects.

➤ Compared with corticosteroid injections for osteoarthritis, intra-articular viscosupplements have not shown a substantial difference in pain relief or functional outcomes.

➤ Although rare and usually transient, systemic effects of intra-articular corticosteroid injections may occur and can be influenced by the type, frequency, and dosage of the corticosteroid used.

➤ Practitioners are encouraged to use corticosteroid injections judiciously to treat pain and joint inflammation from osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthritis of large joints.
Five to Ten-Year Outcomes of Operatively Treated Scapular Fractures
Authors: Tatro Joscelyn M. , Gilbertson Jeffrey A. , Schroder Lisa K. , Cole Peter A.
Published: May 2018

Background:

The purpose of this study was to assess the 5 to 10-year clinical and patient-reported functional outcomes after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of intra-articular and extra-articular scapular fractures.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective review of prospectively collected data on 106 patients who underwent ORIF of a scapular fracture at a single level-I trauma center between January 2005 and December 2010. Eight patients were excluded from the study because they had either severe neurologic injury or an isolated process fracture, and 66 patients (37 with an isolated extra-articular fracture and 29 with an intra-articular fracture) participated in the 5 to 10-year follow-up, yielding a follow-up rate of 67%. A physical examination including a strength assessment and range-of-motion measurements was performed on 89% of the follow-up cohort. Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Short Form-12 version 2 (SF-12v2) or SF-36v2 questionnaires were completed by all participating patients. Intra-articular and extra-articular fractures were analyzed in separate groups.

Results:

The mean follow-up was 7.8 years in the extra-articular group and 7.3 years in the intra-articular group, with a range of 4.7 to 10.3 years. The mean DASH score was 8.9 in the extra-articular group and 9.1 in the intra-articular group (normal population = 10.1). Strength examination revealed no significant differences between the injured and uninjured shoulders for any movement (p > 0.05), while the range of external rotation was slightly decreased in both the extra-articular (p = 0.01) and the intra-articular (p = 0.01) group. The abduction range of motion was also slightly decreased in the intra-articular cohort (p = 0.03). Arthroplasty was indicated as a subsequent procedure for 2 patients in the intra-articular cohort. Sixty-one of the 66 patients returned to their original occupation or changed occupations for reasons unrelated to the shoulder injury.

Conclusions:

At 5 to 10 years after ORIF of a scapular fracture, patients have excellent functional outcomes albeit with a small decrease in external rotation motion relative to the contralateral, normal shoulder. Interestingly, we found the outcomes after intra-articular and extra-articular fractures to be comparable.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Uncemented Tantalum Monoblock Tibial Fixation for Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients Less Than 60 Years of Age
Authors: DeFrancesco Christopher J. , Canseco José A. , Nelson Charles L. , Israelite Craig L. , Kamath Atul F.
Published: May 2018

Background:

Although tibial component loosening has been considered a concern after total knee arthroplasty without cement, such implants have been used in younger patients because of the potential for ingrowth and preservation of bone stock. However, mid-term and long-term studies of modern uncemented implants are lacking. We previously reported promising prospective 5-year outcomes after using an uncemented porous tantalum tibial component in patients who underwent surgery before the age of 60 years. The purpose of this study was to determine clinical and radiographic implant survivorship at 10 years in this large series of young patients.

Methods:

The original cohort included 79 patients (96 knees) who were <60 years old at the time of surgery. All procedures were performed with an uncemented, posterior-stabilized femoral component and a porous tantalum monoblock tibial component by 1 high-volume arthroplasty surgeon at a single institution. Patients were followed prospectively. The Knee Society Score (KSS), radiographic findings, and any complications or revisions were recorded.

Results:

At the latest follow-up, 76% (60) of the 79 patients (74% [71] of the 96 knees) were available for evaluation or had undergone revision (n = 6); 7 patients had died with the implants in place, and 12 patients were lost to follow-up. The average follow-up for the available implants was 10 years (range, 8 to 12 years). There were no progressive radiolucencies on radiographic review. The mean functional KSS was 68 points (range, 0 to 100 points). All revisions were for reasons unrelated to tibial fixation: femoral component loosening (1), stiffness (1), pain and swelling (2), and instability (2). The all-cause revision rate was 6% (6 of 96 knees).

Conclusions:

Uncemented porous tantalum monoblock tibial components provided reliable fixation, excellent radiographic findings, and satisfactory functional outcomes at a mean of 10 years postoperatively. We identified no cases of tibial component loosening. These promising clinical and radiographic results support the use of uncemented tibial components. Such implants may produce well-integrated, durable long-term constructs in young patients.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.