bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Palliative external beam radiotherapy for lung cancer patients with malignant airway obstruction
Authors: Choi Hoon Sik , Jeong Bae Kwon , Jeong Hojin , Ha In Bong , Kang Ki Mun
Published: March 2020

Background Significant proportion of lung cancer patients suffer from malignant airway obstruction (MAO). Palliative external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is often attempted to control symptoms caused by MAO. In this study, we report the effect of palliative EBRT on lung cancer with MAO and analyze the factors that influence it. Methods This study included 75 patients with MAO in lung cancer who underwent palliative EBRT, between 2009 and 2018 and were analyzed retrospectively. Change of dyspnea, tumor response, and overall survival (OS) were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to find the prognostic factors for treatment outcomes. Results The median follow-up duration was 2.5 months, and the median OS was 2.3 months. Out of 75 patients, dyspnea was improved in 46 patients (61.3%), and tumor was partially decreased in 39 patients (52%). The symptom improvement was significantly affected by tumor response and radiation dose. The tumor response was significantly affected by disease status, radiation dose, and time to EBRT.Conclusions Palliative EBRT is an effective and safe treatment option for patients with MAO in lung cancer. Especially, high-dose irradiation and prompt treatment can improve treatment results.
The relationship between counselling methods after health check-ups and lipid profile improvement: a retrospective cohort study in Korea
Authors: Kim Na yeon , Kim Jung-Ha , Cho Soo Hyun , Kim Seon Ah
Published: March 2020

Background: Despite growing numbers of private health check-ups, it is not known whether post-check-up counselling and education can improve chronic disease management. It has previously been shown that, in general, these factors are crucial to chronic disease management. Therefore, this study aimed to determine which counselling methods should be employed, following private check-ups, for optimal chronic disease management.Methods: Participants were 7,039 adults over the age of 20, who received at least three check-ups from September 2013 to August 2019. All participants received the same form of counselling, three or more times consecutively. Three forms of counselling were examined: mail, telephone, and face-to-face. Chi-square tests, one-way analyses of variance, and Scheffé post-hoc analyses were performed to determine the relationship between various demographic characteristics and counselling methods received. We performed covariance analyses after adjusting for age, sex and number of examinations to determine the correlations between the counselling methods and changes in health indicators. When necessary, Bonferroni pairwise comparisons were performed.Results: The face-to-face counselling group was the oldest and had the poorest cardiometabolic parameters and glucose metabolic indices. However, face-to-face counselling was associated with the greatest improvement in levels of total cholesterol (P<0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0.001). Conclusion: Face-to-face counselling with doctors seems to be more effective at improving lipid profiles than phone or mail counselling. Further research is required to identify the effects of face-to-face counselling on long-term outcomes such as cardiovascular disease mortality. (IRB number: 1909-006-16282).
Directed evolution of a transcription factor PbrR to improve lead selectivity and reduce zinc interference through dual selection
Authors: Jia Xiaoqiang , Ma Yubing , Bu Rongrong , Zhao Tingting , Wu Kang
Published: March 2020

Directed evolution has been proven as a powerful tool for developing proteins and strains with novel or enhanced features. In this study, a dual selection system was designed to tune the binding specificity of a transcription factor to a particular ligand with the ampicillin resistance gene amp (ON selection) as the positive selection marker and the levansucrase gene sacB (OFF selection) as the negative selection marker. It was applied to the lead responsive transcription factor PbrR in a whole-cell lead biosensor previously constructed in our lab. After multiple rounds of ON-OFF selection, two mutants with higher specificity for lead were selected. Structural analysis revealed that the mutation C134 located on the metal-binding loop at the C-terminal of PbrR is likely associated with the enhanced binding to both lead and cadmium. The double mutations D64A and L68S close to the metal-binding residue C79 may lead to the reduced binding specificity toward zinc ions. This dual selection system can be applied to engineer the specificity of other transcription factors and provide fine-tuned tools to synthetic biology.
Effect of TiO2 on the Viscosity and Structure of Mineral Wool Melt from Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: Xing Xiangdong , Pang Zhuogang , Du Yueli , Zheng Jianlu , Ren Shan , Ju Jiantao
Published: March 2020

The effect of TiO2 on the viscous behaviours of mineral wool melts containing CaO−SiO2−Al2O3−MgO-TiO2 were studied at acidity coefficient Mk in the range of 1.0–1.6 and TiO2 content in the range of 0–6wt%. Based on the experimental data, the critical temperature and activation energy were calculated to analyse the changes in viscosity flow. The morphology and phase of slag were clarified by scanning electric microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-Ray diffraction. Fourier transformation infrared and Raman spectra were used to obtain information about the variations in melt structure. The results showed that the viscosity decreased with increasing TiO2 content. The critical temperature (Tcr) was 1537–1645K, and it was relatively stable when the acidity coefficient Mk is 1.3. The activation energy decreased from 182.27, 178.48, 162.75 kJ/mol to 146.67, 139.28, 127.64 kJ/mol with increasing acidity coefficient Mk, respectively. With increasing TiO2 content, the fraction of main crystal phases (CaSiO3) decrease and form perovskite (CaTiO3). In addition, relationships are found to exist between the viscosity and structure of melt. The formation of Ti-O or O-Ti-O bonds weakens the stability of molten slag, and the number of bridging oxygen decreases from 1.85 to 0.65.
Body composition impact on sleep in young adults: The mediating role of sedentariness, physical activity, and diet
Authors: Carneiro-Barrera Almudena , Amaro-Gahete Francisco J. , Acosta Francisco M. , Ruiz Jonatan R.
Published: March 2020

Background Obesity and short sleep duration have both been related to endocrine and metabolic alterations, type II diabetes mellitus, life-threating cardiovascular diseases, and impaired daytime functioning and mood. However, the bidirectional relationship between these conditions and underlying mechanisms still remain unclear, especially in young adults. Objective This cross-sectional study therefore was aimed at elucidating the potential association of anthropometric and body composition parameters with objective and subjective sleep duration and quality in young sedentary adults, considering the potential mediating role of objectively-measured sedentariness, physical activity, and diet. Methods A total of 187 adults aged 18-25 (35.29% men) were included in the study. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio were calculated through weight, height, waist and hip circumferences measures. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner was used to assess body composition parameters such as lean mass index, fat mass index and visceral adipose tissue mass. Sedentary time, physical activity, and sleep duration and quality were objectively measured using accelerometry, sleep quality also being subjectively measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Dietary intake was assessed by means of 24h recall questionnaires. Results BMI, waist-hip ratio and lean mass index were inversely associated to objectively-measured total sleep time and sleep efficiency (p < 0.05). Sedentary time moderated by sex explained the effects of BMI on total sleep time such that a high BMI was related to higher sedentariness in men which, in turn, was significantly associated with shorter sleep duration. Discussion Sedentary time is a link-risk factor mediating the adverse consequences of high BMI on short sleep duration in healthy young men. However, not until the complex association between body composition and sleep in young population is properly understood will it be possible to establish appropriate therapeutic goals addressing the early morbidity and mortality that obesity and short sleep duration certainly determine.
Decreased swallowing function in the sarcopenic elderly, without clinical dysphagia: a case-control study
Authors: Chen Yen-Chih , CHEN Pei-Yun , WANG Yu-Chen , WANG Tyng-Guey , HAN Der-Sheng
Published: March 2020

Background

Sarcopenia and dysphagia have both become pivotal issues due to the increased number of elderly people. However, it’s still in question that whether sarcopenia, defined by the reduced handgrip strength and/or reduced gait speed, would necessarily results in pathological effects on swallowing function. Studies that focus on the subclinical changes of swallowing function of the sarcopenic elderly are lacking. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the swallowing function of the sarcopenic elderly without dysphagia.

Methods

This was a case-control study and subjects were recruited from the community. 94 individuals aged 65 and older without dysphagia were divided into sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia group. Assessment of swallowing consisted of tongue pressure measurement, hyoid displacement and movement velocity measurement with submental ultrasonography, 100 ml water swallow test, and the 10-item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10).

Results

The average tongue pressure was 47.0 ± 13.7 kPa in sarcopenia group and 48.6 ± 11.5 kPa in non-sarcopenia group (p = 0.55). The average hyoid displacement during swallowing was 15.3 ± 4.4 mm in sarcopenia group and 13.0 ± 4.2 mm in non-sarcopenia group (p < 0.05). The average hyoid movement velocity during swallowing was 22.0 ± 9.1 mm/s in sarcopenia group and 17.4 ± 7.4 mm/s in non-sarcopenia group (p < 0.05). The time needed to consume 100 ml of water was 14.7 ± 10.5 seconds in sarcopenia group and 7.0 ± 3.9 seconds in non-sarcopenia group (p < 0.05). The average score of EAT-10 was 0.5 ± 0.6 in sarcopenia group and 0.1 ± 0.3 in non-sarcopenia group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Swallowing function was significantly diminished in elderly individuals with sarcopenia, before clinical symptoms became evident. However, tongue muscles seemed resistant to sarcopenia at an early stage. Compensative strategies, such as reduced swallowing speed and increased hyoid bone movement, were observed in the sarcopenic subjects.
Percutaneous Microcompression for Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia: curative effects and complications
Authors: ma yi , Li Yan-feng , Huang Hai-tao , Wang Bin , Wang Quan-cai
Published: March 2020

Background. We aimed to present the immediate and long term effect of percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (ITN). Methods. ITN patients who underwent PBC for the first time in the past seven years were enrolled. Base line data and immediate postoperative outcomes were collected by reviewing the medical records and long term results. Kaplan-Meier curve, life-table analysis proportional-hazards analysis were utilized to assess the long term results and the likelihood of tic recurrence. Results. 12,797 patients were enrolled. Immediate after the PBC procedure, complete and partial pain relief were achieved in 95.6% and 1.1% patients respectively, with no relief in 1.7 % patients; the common side effects on the affected side of face included the sense loss in 98.9% patients, with 3.8% of them experienced sense loss combined abnormal sense; masseter weakness in 90.6%, herpes eruption in 51.4%, corneal reflex weakness or loss in 12.7% patients. The fewer perioperative complications covered diplopia in 139 patients (1.1%), partial hearing loss in 190 patients (1.5%), vascular complications in 5 patients (0.05%), brainstem hematoma in one patient (0.01%), ischemic stroke in two patients (0.02%), intracranial hemorrhage in 11 patents (0.09%), and intracranial infection in one patient (0.01%) patients. Of three deaths happened in the perioperative period, two died of intracranial hemorrhage, and the other one died of intracranial infection. 5794 (49.2%) patients, who were followed than one year after the procedure, were included in the follow-up study, with the median follow-up period of 7.2 years. Complete and partial pain relief were obtained in 82.9% and 6.8% patients respectively, while the pain recurrence occurred in 8.5% patients. Side effects included sense loss without abnormal sense in 54.3%, with acceptable abnormal sense in 6.0%, and with severe abnormal sense in 2.0% patients. Masseter weakness was reported by 7.5% patients. 96.4% patients were satisfied with the procedure. Conclusion. Our study shows PBC is a safe, simple and effective procedure, with both immediate and long-term success rates, acceptable side effects and fewer deadly complications, should be considered as one of the best choice for the treatment of ITN patients.
SAPK2 contributes to rice yield by modulating nitrogen metabolic processes under drought stress
Authors: Lou Dengji , Yang Xiaoyan
Published: March 2020

Background

The sucrose non-fermenting 1-related kinases 2 (SnRK2s) play important roles in osmotic stress responses in A. thaliana and rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Osmotic stress/ABA–activated protein kinase 2 (SAPK2) is a member of SnRK2s subclass II in rice, but its function in rice yield under drought stress is unclear.

Results

Compared with wild-type (Oryza.Sativa L.spp.japonica, WT) plants, the sapk2 rice mutant lines were shorter and produced fewer grains per panicle, smaller grains and lower grain yield. Subsequent analysis suggested that SAPK2 considerably influences the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of rice grains. The examination of rice seedling growth and development under nutrient-deprived conditions (−N, −K, and −P) proved that SAPK2 can significantly affect rice seedling growth and root development in hydroponic cultures lacking N and K. Moreover, the NO 3 − influx rate and nitrate concentration analysis indicated that SAPK2 promotes nitrate uptake and assimilation by regulating nitrate-related transporters.

Conclusion

These results suggest that SAPK2 could enhance grain production by regulating nitrogen utilization efficiency under drought stress. Our work provided insights to breeding drought tolerant rice with high nutrient uptake.
Evaluation of endothelialization of left atrial appendage occluder by three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography and its influence factors
Authors: Wang Lihong , Mao Hongyue , Shi Lei , Li Hongyan , Song Guifang
Published: March 2020

Background This study evaluated surface endothelialization of Watchman occluder (Boston Scientific) through comparing relevant indicators before and left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) in 68 non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients.Methods Patients were monitored preoperatively by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), transesophageal two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography (2D-TEE, 3D-TEE), intraoperatively by 3D-TEE and angiocardiography, and followed at 3 and 6 months after operation by TEE.Result It showed that the inner diameters of LAA ostium measured by TEE at 0°, 90° and 135° before operation were correlated with corresponding maximum diameters measured by angiocardiography. The depth of LAA ostium measured at 90° was correlated with the maximum depth measured by angiocardiography. The left atrial diameter, left ventricular diameter and left ventricular free wall E/E' decreased postoperatively. Compared T-test showed that BNP level and persistent AF might be risk factors for spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) or thrombosis of LAA. Multiple linear regression identified persistent AF, preoperative LAA spontaneous echo contrast or recent thrombotic event, and history of embolism in other parts were the influence factors of occluder endothelialization.Conclusion: BNP level and persistent AF may be risk factors of left atrial appendage thrombosis. Treatment of AF and thrombus in left atrial appendage or other parts are beneficial to the prognosis of LAAC patients.
HIV-related Perceived Stigma and Associated Factors among Patients with HIV, Dilla, Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chekole Yigrem Ali
Published: March 2020

Background Understanding HIV-related perceived stigma has importance in improving quality of patients and provides a better tackling of HIV stigma. Objective The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of perceived stigma among Patients with HIV attending clinic at Dilla University Referral Hospital. Method In this Institution based cross-sectional study, a 10-item perceived HIV stigma scale was used to assess HIV-related perceived stigma. Oslo social support scale was used to assess social support related factors. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic analysis were done to identify associated factors to HIV-related perceived stigma Results The prevalence of HIV-related perceived stigma by using perceived HIV stigma scale among Patients with living HIV was 42.7%. Patients who are age groups 25-30 years (AOR=2.8, 95% CI: 5.72-11.5), age groups 31-39 years (AOR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.26,4.65), Females (AOR= 2.4, 95% CI: 1.28- 4.33), divorced marital status (AOR= 8.9, 95% CI: 3.52-10.61), widowed marital status (AOR= 3.0, 95% CI: 2.74-7.60), Primary educational status (AOR=7.5, 95% CI: 3.45-9.74) and Study participants those who use alcohol (AOR=1.0 95% CI: 1.57-2.11) were more likely to have HIV-related perceived stigma. Conclusion This calls a holistic approach for the prevention and intervention of HIV-related perceived stigma. Emphasis should also be given for HIV-related perceived stigma.
Biodegradation of Atrazine And Ligninolytic Enzyme Production By Basidiomycete Strains
Authors: Henn Caroline , Monteiro Diego Alves , Boscolo Mauricio , Silva Roberto da , Gomes Eleni
Published: March 2020

Atrazine is one of the most widespread chlorinated herbicides, leaving large bulks in soils and groundwater. Some bacterial strains can degrade atrazine, but little is known if fungal species have the same ability. Thus, we investigated the toxicity and degradation of atrazine by 13 basidiomycete strains. In liquid medium, P. cubensis SXS320, Gloelophyllum striatum MCA7, and Agaricales MCA17 removed 30, 37, and 38%, respectively, of initial 25 mg.L-1 of herbicide within 20 days. Deficiency of nitrogen drove atrazine degradation by Pluteus cubensis SXS320 and also induced synthesis and secretion of extracellular laccases by Datronia caperata MCA5, Pycnoporus sanguineus MCA16, and P. tenuiculus MCA11. Enzyme levels in contaminated medium of P. tenuiculus MCA11 were 13.3 fold superior than in control. However, we found no relationship between laccase production and the ability to metabolize atrazine. Laccase from P. tenuiculus MCA11 was incubated under optimal physico-chemical conditions for catalysis (pH 2.5 and 40º C), with an atrazine solution. Although 88% of initial laccase activity remained after 6h, no evidence of in vitro degradation was observed, even though ABTS was present as mediator.
Association of serum apolipoprotein B with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease pathology in elderly adults with subjective cognitive decline
Authors: Hu Hao , Tan Lan , Bi Yan-Lin , Xu Wei , Tan Lin , Shen Xue-Ning , Hou Xiao-He , Ma Ya-Hui , Dong Qiang , Yu Jin-Tai
Published: March 2020

Background: The preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a key target stage for future AD prevention trials. Serum apolipoprotein, an important lipid-related factor, has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. This study was to examine whether apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA1) or the ratio of ApoB and ApoA1 (ApoB/A1) were associated with early changes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers in elderly adults with subjective cognitive decline.Methods: This study included 201 cognitive normal (CN) elderly adults and 101 participants with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) from the Chinese Alzheimer’s Biomarker and LifestylE (CABLE) database. The Kruskall-Wallis test and Chisquare test were applied in the intergroup comparisons. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the cross-sectional associations of serum ApoB, ApoA1 and ApoB/A1 levels with CSF AD-related biomarkers.Results: Compared with the control group, SCD participants with significant AD biological characteristics had lower ApoB levels. In the total participants, higher level of serum ApoB was associated with increases in CSF Aβ42 (p = 0.0009) and Aβ42/40 (p = 0.0038) as well as decreases in CSF t-tau/Aβ42 (p < 0.0001) and p-tau/Aβ42 (p < 0.0001), independent of APOEɛ4 status. In the further subgroup analysis, these associations were much more significant in the SCD participants. In addition, higher levels of serum ApoB were also found associated with decreases in CSF t-tau (p = 0.0224), p-tau (p = 0.0086) and Aβ40 (p = 0.0297) in the SCD subgroup. Furthermore, we found that these protective associations between serum ApoB and CSF AD core biomarkers were much more significant in the overweight participants. Results showed no association between ApoA1 and all CSF biomarkers in either total participants or subgroups. Conclusions: This study is the first to find protective associations of serum ApoB, but not ApoA1, with CSF AD core biomarkers in elderly adults, and these associations were more significant in SCD individuals. This finding indicated that ApoB may play a protective role in the preclinical stage of AD. Identifying the underlying mechanisms may contribute to the discovery of new pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
Rutas contra el silencio: análisis de los mecanismos para el manejo y prevención del acoso sexual al interior de la Universidad de Antioquia (Colombia)
Authors: Olaya Martínez Andrea
Published: March 2020

En un momento histórico para el feminismo en el que la conversación sobre el acoso sexual toma fuerza, este trabajo decide indagar sobre el papel de las universidades como instituciones que deben garantizar la seguridad, integridad y salud de sus estudiantes; específicamente la Universidad de Antioquia. El texto se pregunta por la existencia de un protocolo que apoye a los estudiantes víctimas de acoso sexual en la universidad y utiliza una metodología que está dividida en tres etapas: la primera etapa hace una exploración de conceptos académicos y jurídicos que provean una guía acerca de los protocolos que deberían encontrarse; en la segunda etapa se analizan los hallazgos de la primera etapa de una forma crítica, en la tercera etapa se realiza la construcción y sugerencia de un protocolo que se ajuste al contexto de la universidad de Antioquia. Finalmente, se presentan una serie de conclusiones en torno a dichos protocolos y la importancia de una política formal institucional que prevenga, sancione y sensibilice en el tema.
Determinantes del subempleo en Colombia: una aproximación a partir de un modelo PROBIT
Authors: Cerquera Losada Oscar Hernan , Arias Barrera Cristian José , Rojas Velásquez Libardo
Published: March 2020

El subempleo es un indicador de la calidad del empleo, así como del nivel de subutilización de la capacidad productiva de la población ocupada. En este artículo se analizan los determinantes de la probabilidad de caer en el subempleo en Colombia. Se utilizaron los datos de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares, para estimar un modelo Probit. Se encontró que mayor educación y experiencia se asocia con una menor probabilidad de caer el subempleo. Las mujeres, los trabajadores cabeza de hogar, los trabajadores por cuenta propia y los empleados domésticos, tienen una mayor probabilidad de ser subempleado.
Derecho Disciplinario en Colombia, desde la imposición de Sanciones ¿la pérdida de su vocación preventiva?
Authors: Hernández Villamizar Ivonne Pamela , Guachetá Torres Julián David , Paredes Mosquera Hoover Hugo , Reyes Gómez Esperanza del Carmen
Published: March 2020

El aumento progresivo de las sanciones disciplinarias no es un hecho aislado o ajeno a las dinámicas sociales y políticas de Colombia, podemos decir que, tanto el desarrollo normativo en términos de creación de leyes así como las diferentes posturas jurisprudenciales respecto al tema influyen en la tendencia de crecimiento; también lo hacen las condiciones sociales y los eventos coyunturales que involucran responsabilidad de funcionarios del Estado y, específicamente, en el aumento de funcionarios públicos, se puede ver la relación entre la concentración de funcionarios en un territorio y las sanciones disciplinarias que se imponen en este.
Superación de la violencia de género en las relaciones de pareja: historias de vida
Authors: Ariza-Sosa Gladys Rocío , Agudelo-Suárez Andrés A
Published: March 2020

Estudio cualitativo cuyo objetivo fue interpretar los relatos de las experiencias de vida de personas que han superado la violencia en las relaciones de pareja. Los contextos de violencia social y estructural se entrecruzan con la vida de pareja de ambos participantes. En su salud mental, la violencia, el valor de lo económico, episodios depresivos, y la distribución asimétrica de poder han marcado sus relaciones. Las políticas de salud mental pueden incluir la prevención y atención primaria de esta violencia.
El papel de los medios de comunicación en la fabricación de recuerdos, emociones y creencias sobre el enemigo que facilitan la polarización política y legitiman la violencia
Authors: Villa Gómez Juan David , Velásquez Cuartas Natali , Barrera Machado Daniela , Avendaño Ramírez Manuela
Published: March 2020

El presente artículo profundiza en la forma como los medios de comunicación tienen agencia en la construcción de creencias sociales, narrativas del pasado y orientaciones emocionales colectivas sobre el enemigo que agudizan la polarización política y legitiman las salidas armadas al conflicto social y político que existe en Colombia desde hace más de cinco décadas. En los resultados se evidencia un discurso lineal, hegemónico y homogéneo que está claramente inducido desde los medios de comunicación, según la voz de los participantes, que constituye un enemigo absoluto en las guerrillas, particularmente en las FARC, estigma que se extiende a manifestaciones políticas de izquierda o favorables a una solución política negociada del conflicto armado. De otro lado, un actor referido como poco conocido, confundido con las guerrillas o considerado un mal menor o legitimado, son los paramilitares y una narrativa del héroe que se sacrifica, nos cuida y nos protege, en las Fuerzas Militares, de quienes se minimizan sus acciones violatorias de los derechos humanos. Se concluye sobre la necesidad de poner en discusión el papel de los medios de comunicación masiva y las redes sociales, contrastando críticamente la información que ofrecen.
Procesos de subjetivación laboral en la intervención a víctimas del conflicto armado: el interventor politizado
Authors: Vivares Porras Diana Vanessa , Hernández Zapata Edwin Alexander , Cañaveral Castro Juan Felipe
Published: March 2020

La intervención a víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia, a través de acciones enmarcadas en la ley 1448 de 2011, no responden al enfoque psicosocial a partir de las cuales están formuladas, pues hay una distancia significativa entre lo que los programas de intervención requieren por parte del profesional y lo que éste en su quehacer opta por realizar, lo que lleva a considerar la marcada dificultad por parte del psicólogo y también de las iniciativas estatales para construir saberes y acciones desde la horizontalidad, donde las personas víctimas puedan tener una voz que sea escuchada.
Participación y planeación del desarrollo local en Medellín: viabilidad jurídica de los mecanismos de participación ciudadana en el ámbito local
Authors: Choachí-Jaramillo Andrés , Gutiérrez-Uribe Mariana , Galvis Martínez Sebastián , Esteban Atehortúa Fray
Published: March 2020

En materia de planeación local del desarrollo, la normatividad vigente asigna a los Consejos Comunales y Corregimentales de Planeación la función de formular los Planes de Desarrollo Local de las comunas de Medellín, instrumentos que deben ser refrendados por las Juntas Administradoras Locales, las cuales tienen la potestad de aprobar o rechazar el programa de desarrollo concertado con la comunidad. Este artículo busca presentar los mecanismos de participación ciudadana como una herramienta jurídica viable para que la comunidad incida en los ejercicios de planeación local y ejerza control social sobre la instancia de planeación local.
Spatial and temporal characteristics of the daily precipitation concentration index over China from 1979 to 2015
Authors: Du Huihua , Wang Yimin , Wang Zongzhi , Liu Kelin , Cheng Liang
Published: March 2020

Irregular precipitation has a nontrivial influence on hydrological processes and regional agriculture. The precipitation concentration index provides convenient quantitative characterizations of precipitation variability. To explore the spatial and temporal distribution of the precipitation concentration index, the long-term concentration index (LCI) and the annual concentration index (ACI) during 1979–2015 were calculated based on the China Meteorological Forcing Dataset. The results are as follows: (1) The LCI in China ranged from 0.4571 to 0.9197, and the values between 0.6 and 0.7 accounted for 61.61% of the dataset. The highest and lowest LCI values were both recorded in Northwest China, which features low precipitation levels. Additionally, there are high LCI values (greater than 0.6) in Southeast China, which features high precipitation levels. (2) Application of the Mann-Kendall test (M-K test) and Sen's slope revealed that more than 88% of the grids exhibited nonsignificant positive or negative ACI trends and that more than 10% of the grid ACI values exhibited positive trends, with approximately 2.8% showing significant changes at the 0.1 significance level. (3) Application of the Pettitt test revealed that approximately 11.9% of the grid ACI values exhibited an abrupt change at the 0.5 significance level, with abrupt changes occurring in 1991, 1992 and 1993, together accounting for 45.89% of all grids with abrupt changes.
Stakeholders' contradicting perceptions on the effects of agroforestry and monocropping systems on water use
Authors: Rijneveld Rhode , Marhaento Hero
Published: March 2020

The involvement of stakeholders in forest management decisions is crucial to the success of these programmes. Consequently, understanding stakeholders' perceptions is relevant for adequate management and development. In this study, the perceptions of key stakeholders are identified and compared concerning the effects of agroforestry and monocropping systems on water use in the farmlands of the Getas-Ngandong forests (10,901 Ha), a teaching forest belonging to Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. Q methodology was used to identify the variety of stakeholder viewpoints on the effects of farming practice on water use. 17 statements were ranked by 33 respondents along a five-grade approval scale. The methodology revealed a consensus on some hydrological benefits of agroforestry. Beyond this, three distinct perceptions were identified regarding water related to farming practices. The first is that monocropping systems use more water than agroforestry, while the second states the opposite and the third does not assign the extent of water use to specific systems. Stakeholder groups hold contradicting beliefs within and between themselves. It is important, therefore, to identify which perceptions are true and which are based on myths.
Analyzing transient respirometric data by analytical algorithm for Monod kinetic parameters
Authors: Wu Yeong-Shing , Chiang Chow-Feng
Published: March 2020

This study aims to develop an analytical algorithm with oxygen update (Ou) data obtained from transient respirometric measurement. Based on Monod kinetics, this study formulates a novel two-phase analytical model for an oxygen uptake rate plot (OUR vs. Ou) obtained by respirometric techniques. The first phase is a hyperbolic equation relating to exogenous and endogenous respiration, while the second phase is a linear equation for endogenous respiration only. An algorithm was therefore developed to analyze four Monod parameters by locating the best phase-separating point at which the absolute average relative error (ARE) of OUR is minimized. An analysis using test data on acetate verified that the algorithm is capable of transient kinetic parameter estimation with an ARE below 5–10%. A sensitivity analysis on domestic wastewater coupled with a Monte Carlo simulation concluded that the kinetic test must be conducted at a relatively high initial substrate level (So/Xo ≧ 1 and So/Ks ≧ 10) for reliable parameter estimation. Moreover, it is crucial to conduct the kinetic test with sufficient and acclimated seed culture for the degradation of substrate. The results of this study can be used to develop an automatic transient kinetic analyzer with modern programmable respirometers.
Stability Assessment of Diaphram Cellular Cofferdams Subjected to Severe Hydro-structural Conditions
Authors: Alfatlawi Thair J. M. , Mansori Nassrin J. AL , Alsultani Riyadh A.A.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Cellular cofferdams are a temporary construction consisting of interlocking steel sheet pilings driven into the ground as a series of interconnecting cells.

Objectives:

This study aims to investigate the stability of cofferdams with a circular diaphragm due to lateral load in dry and wet soil cases.

Discussion:

A series of laboratory tests were performed on different width to height ratios (0.8, 0.9, and 1.0), berm ratios (0.2H, 0.3H, and 0.4H), and embedment depth ratios (0.2H, 0.3H, and 0.4H) with four types of soil fill (clay soil, river sand, sand passing sieve No.4, and sub base).

The coupled circular cofferdam-soil system was modelled using nonlinear finite element analysis (COMSOL Multiphysics Software) to validate the experimental results.

Conclusion:

After applying hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, and structural failure loads, the resistance of the cellular retaining structures with wet soil fill in saturated soils was greater than with dry soil fill in dry soils. The most advantageous construction format was found by deciphering the relationship between the aforementioned loads and berm ratios, embedment depth, and horizontal displacement.
Evolving Rotaviruses, Interspecies Transmission and Zoonoses
Authors: Malik Yashpal S. , Bhat Sudipta , Dar Parvaiz S. , Sircar Shubhankar , Dhama Kuldeep , Singh Raj K.
Published: March 2020

Evolutionary biology has become one of the imperative determinants explaining the origin of several viruses which were either identified decades back or are recognized lately using metagenomic approaches. Several notifiable emerging viruses like influenza, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola, Hendra, Nipah and Zika viruses have become the leading causes of epidemics and losses thereto in both human and animals. The sufferings are higher due to gastroenteritis causing viruses including Astrovirus, Calicivirus, Enterovirus, Kobuvirus Picobirnavirus, Sapelovirus, Teschovirus, and many more. Notably, the majority of the emerging viruses enclose RNA genome and these are more prone for insertions/mutation in their genome, leading to evolving viral variants. Rapidity in viral evolution becomes a big hitch in the development process of successful vaccines or antiviral. The prominent gastroenteric virus is rotavirus, which is a double-stranded RNA virus with a segmented nature of genome enabling higher reassortment events and generates unusual strains with unique genomic constellations derivative of parental rotavirus strains. Although most rotaviruses appear to be host restricted, the interspecies transmission of rotaviruses has been well documented across the globe. The nocturnal bats have been accepted harbouring many pathogenic viruses and serving as natural reservoirs. Indications are that bats can also harbour rotaviruses, and help in virus spread. The zooanthroponotic and anthropozoonotic potential of rotaviruses has significant implications for rotavirus epidemiology. Hitherto reports confirm infection of humans through rotaviruses of animal origin, exclusively via direct transmission or through gene reassortments between animal and human strain of rotaviruses. There is a need to understand the ecology and evolutionary biology of emerging rotavirus strains to design effective control programs.
Effect of Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling on Macular Structure and Metamorphopsia Scores in Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane Surgery
Authors: Aydin Tekin , Kerci Suleyman Gokhan , Karti Omer , Zengin Mehmet Ozgur , Kusbeci Tuncay
Published: March 2020

Backgrounds and Objective:

Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV) and epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling is the standard surgical procedure of ERM surgery. However, the effect of adding Internal Limiting Membrane (ILM) peeling to the standard surgery on macular function and structure remains still controversial. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of ILM peeling on the macular function and structure in idiopathic ERM surgery.

Method:

Thirty-six eyes of 34 patients were evaluated in this prospective study. The patients were divided into two groups (ILM peeling and non-ILM peeling group). While the removal of ERM was undergone alone in 19 eyes, it was combined with ILM peeling in 17 eyes. Metamorphopsia scores Vertical Metamorphopsia (VM) and Horizontal Metamorphopsia (HM), were measured at preoperative and 4 months postoperatively.

Results:

There was a statistically significant decrease in metamorphopsia (VM and HM) scores in both groups after the surgery. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of reduction in VM scores and HM scores after surgery.

Conclusion:

Our study indicated that ILM peeling combined with ERM did not affect metamorphopsia scores.
Association Between Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Authors: Mohamed Amal A. , Moussa Shorouk , Shaheen Mahmoud M. , Abd-Elsalam Sherief , Ahmed Rehab , Mostafa Sahar M. , Fouad Amina , Alegaily Hatem S. , Megahed Samah A. , Abo-Amer Yousry E.
Published: March 2020

Background & Aims:

Human genetic polymorphism has been reported in the susceptibility and clinical development of infection. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the link between Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism and H. pylori infection.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 224 adult patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms who underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between July 2017 and May 2019 in two major university hospitals. All patients were evaluated for helicobacter pylori infection. Two gastric antral biopsy specimens were taken from each patient. One of those Biopsy specimens was evaluated for histopathology examination and the other one was immersed in a saline solution ready for genomic DNA extraction.

Results:

There were statistically significant differences between different genotypes of VDR rs7975232 polymorphism between H. pylori infected and non-infected groups (CC was higher in H. pylori negative and AC and AA were the most common in H. pylori positive group). There were statistical differences between different genotypes of VDR rs2228570 between H. pylori infected and non-infected groups (TT was higher in H. pylori negative and CT and CC were the most common in H. pylori positive group). Regarding VDR rs 7975232 gene polymorphisms; the (A) allele was significantly higher H. pylori infected, while (C) allele was significantly higher in uninfected patients. Regarding VDR rs 2228570 gene polymorphisms; the (C) allele was significantly higher H. pylori infected, while (T) allele was significantly higher in uninfected patients.

Conclusion:

There is a possible association between the FokI and Apal VDR polymorphism and H. pylori infection.
THE STYLES’ VARIATION CONTAINED IN FRENCH MEDIA
Authors: Tobing Roswita Lumban , Rahayu Siti Perdi , Rohali Rohali , Utami Nastiti
Published: March 2020

The use of language styles has a widely varied purpose to convey information that is not explicitly expressed by the speaker. This study is aimed at describing the form and function of the styles contained in the French media. The subjects of this research are phrases and sentences contained in the CDP Lyrics in the Blonde albums, alcoholic beverages and advertisement aplle in French-language magazines, and in the speech by François Hollande in ‘Le Figaro’ newspaper. Data collection is done by observation and recording techniques using data tables. Data analysis uses the agih method. The analysis of the language style functions is done by using the speech components of SPEAKING. The validity is obtained through semantic validity and reliability through intra-rater reliability.  The results of the study show that the style of language in the media is necessary for speech so that the content of communication is more beautiful and attractive. Language style functions depend on the context and purpose of the speech. The most dominant function in the lyrics of the song is the poetic, which prioritizes beauty. In Alcoholic Beverage Ads, the expressive function becomes dominant to make the advertisement more alive. In the Apple Product Advertising on the Internet, the language function is referential for emphasizing the topics described.Keywords: language style, form and function  VARIASI GAYA BAHASA DALAM MEDIA PERANCIS AbstrakPenggunaan gaya bahasa mempunyai tujuan yang sangat bervariasi untuk menyampaikan informasi yang tidak akan dinyatakan secara eksplisit oleh si penutur.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bentuk dan fungsi gaya bahasa pada media komunikasi yang berupa lagu, iklan, dan Surat Kabar berbahasa Prancis. Subjek penelitian ini adalah frasa dan kalimat yang terdapat dalam Lagu CDP pada album Blonde, iklan minuman beralkohol, iklan aplle dalam majalah berbahasa Prancis, dan Pidato François Hollande dalam Surat Kabar Le Figaro. Pengumpulan data dengan metode simak dan teknik catat dengan tabel data. Analisis data menggunakan metode agih. Penentuan fungsi gaya bahasa menggunakan metode padan referensial. Fungsi penggunaan gaya bahasa dianalisis  dengan komponen tutur SPEAKING. Keabsahan data melalui validitas semantis, reliabilitas dengan intra-rater. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahasa gaya bahasa yang paling menonjol pada lagu adalah asonansi dan hiperbola, pada iklan minuman beralkohol adalah aliterasi dan hiperbola, pada pidato François Hollande adalah repetisi dan hiperbola, pada iklan apple adalah asonansi dan aliterasi. Fungsi bahasa yang sering muncul adalah referensial kecuali pada iklan minuman beralkohol, yang dominan adalah fungsi emotif.  Fungsi gaya bahasa tergantung pada konteks dan tujuan. Gaya bahasa di media diperlukan agar konten indah dan menarik. Kata kunci : Gaya Bahasa, Bahasa Prancis, Bentuk dan Fungsi
Влияние температуры мишени на образование нанорельефа при облучении газовыми кластерными ионами
Authors: Киреев Д.С. , Иешкин А.Е. , Шемухин А.А.
Published: March 2020

A study of the nanorelief formed on the surface of copper under the influence of an oblique beam of cluster ions at various fluences and target temperatures was carried out. The resulting nanorelief develops into an ordered wave-like structure with increasing fluence. It was found that with an increase in the target temperature, the initial roughness is smoothed. The mechanisms responsible for the formation of surface topography are indicated, and estimates of their effectiveness are made.
Анализ примесного состава синтетических HPHT-алмазов методом лазерно-искровой эмиссионной спектроскопии в условиях лазерно-индуцированной модификации поверхности
Authors: Лебедев В.Ф. , Булыга Д.В. , Колядин А.В.
Published: March 2020

Analysis of impurities in multisectoral plates of boron- and nitrogen-doped synthetic HPHT diamonds was performed by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. It was shown that comparative analysis of plasma emission bands during laser-induced graphitization process is effective approach to distinguishing types of diamonds and crystallographic orientations of sectors.
Расчет линейного натяжения для простой модели поверхностного нанопузырька
Authors: Кошоридзе C.И.
Published: March 2020

The paper is devoted to the calculation of line tension for a simple model of a surface nano-bubble formed on a smooth hydrophobic substrate. It is shown that with the growth of the contact angle, at a certain critical value, the line tension changes its sign from positive to negative. This means that it begins to stretch the nanobubble, increasing its radius of curvature and thereby contributing to its stabilization
Влияние механической вибрации на оптические свойства инфракрасных световодов состава AgCl-AgBr
Authors: Шмыгалев А.С. , Тураби А. , Васильева Д.А. , Жилкин Б.П. , Жукова Л.В.
Published: March 2020

The influence of mechanical vibrations on the optical transmission of infrared fibers of AgCl0.25Br0.75 and AgCl0.5Br0.5 within 30 hours was investigated. It was demonstrated, that vibration effects on the fibers leads to decrease of their transmittance. The selective character of infrared fiber transmission in wavelength ranges 2.0–4.0 μm and 6.0–9.0 μm was found.
Ламинарный хаос в генераторе с запаздывающей обратной связью
Authors: Кульминский Д.Д. , Пономаренко В.И. , Прохоров М.Д.
Published: March 2020

For the first time, the phenomenon of laminar chaos is experimentally studied in a radio engineering generator with time-delayed feedback, the delay time of which is modulated by an external harmonic signal. Regions of various regimes of laminar chaos are constructed on the plane of the parameters of modulating signal. The nonlinear function of generator is reconstructed in the regime of laminar chaos.
Теплоотводящие электроизолирующие платы для фотоэлектрических преобразователей концентрированного солнечного излучения
Authors: Давидюк Н.Ю. , Андреева А.В. , Малевский Д.А. , Покровский П.В. , Садчиков Н.А. , Чекалин А.В. , Андреев В.М.
Published: March 2020

In the article the results of investigation of characterics of electro insulated heatsinks of different design are presented. For the material of the heatsinks AlN and Al2O3 ceramics along with alumina were chosen. Thermal characteristics of the heatsinks has been studied by measuring temperature of p-n junctions of solar cells mounted on heatsinks under thermal loading. The minimum overheating temperature of p-n junction was 45°C with input thermal power equal 13 W, when solar cells were mounted on AlN ceramic. In case of using Al2O3 ceramic and alumina heatsinks the temperatures were 49°C, and 70°C respectively.
Твердофазные превращения в наноразмерных пленочных структурах Se/Cu, полученных методом вакуумно-термического испарения
Authors: Когай В.Я. , Михеев Г.М.
Published: March 2020

The experimental results of the study of solid-phase transformations occurring in nanoscale film structures of Se / Cu obtained by vacuum-thermal evaporation are presented. It was shown for the first time that by changing the ratio of copper and selenium atoms (N) in the sample, one can control the phase composition of the synthesized films. A relationship was established between N and the phase composition of the synthesized films.