bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Nutrien Pada Sedimen dan Penutupan Lamun Di Perairan Jepara
Authors: Nabilla Sarah , Hartati Retno , Tri Nuraini Ria Azizah
Published: April 2019

The availability of nutrients in seagrass beds can act as growth limiting factors. Absorption of nutrients in the water column is carried out by the leaves while the absorption of nutrients from the sediment is carried out by the roots but does not rule out the transport of nutrients by the roots will also arrive at the leaves of the seagrass. If the nutrient requirement is not met properly, then the growth will be disrupted. Like the difference in distribution and density of seagrass itself. Nutrient concentrations in waters vary. Nitrate and phosphate levels in the waters are strongly influenced by sources of organic material from outside/land (allochthonous) or from the water itself (autocthonous). This research was conducted with the aim of nothing: to determine the relationship between nutrient content (nitrate and phosphate) in sediment to seagrass cover in Teluk Awur and Pantai Blebak, JeparaData collection of seagrass and sediment was carried out on March 2018 in the waters of Teluk Awur and Blebak Beach, Kabupaten Jepara. Type identification, density, and coverage are carried out at the research location. Nitrate and phosphate analysis in sediments is carried out in Laboratorium Pengujian dan Peralatan. Based on the results of research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that there is a very strong positive relationship between nutrients and seagrass closure in the two research locations, each of which is 0.955 (91.1%) in Teluk Awur waters and 0.962 (92.6%) in Blebak Beach.Ketersediaan nutrien di perairan padang lamun dapat berperan sebagai faktor pembatas pertumbuhan. Penyerapan nutrien pada lamun pada kolom air dilakukan oleh daun sedangkan penyerapan nutrien dari sedimen dilakukan oleh akar namun tidak menutup kemungkinan pengangkutan nutrien oleh akar juga akan sampai pada bagian daun. Jika kebutuhan nutrien tidak terpenuhi dengan baik, maka pertumbuhannya mengalami gangguan. Seperti perbedaan sebaran dan kepadatan lamun itu sendiri. Konsentrasi nutrien di perairan bervariasi. Kadar nitrat dan fosfat di perairan sangat dipengaruhi oleh sumber bahan organik yang berasal dari luar/ daratan (allochthonous) maupun dari dalam perairan itu sendiri (autocthonous). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan: untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kandungan nutrien (nitrat dan fosfat) pada sedimen terhadap tutupan lamun di Teluk Awur dan Pantai Blebak, Jepara. Identifikasi jenis, kepadatan dan penutupan dilakukan pada lokasi penelitian. Analisa nitrat dan fosfat dalam sedimen dilakukan di Laboratorium Pengujian dan Peralatan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat di ambil kesimpulan bahwa terdapat hubungan sangat kuat positif antara nutrien dengan penutupan lamun pada dua lokasi penelitian, nilainya masing-masing sebesar 0,955 (91,1%) di Perairan Teluk Awur dan 0,962 (92,6%) di Pantai Blebak.
Potensi Antioksidan Rumput Laut Gracilaria verrucosa Dari Pantai Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Febrianto Wahyu , Djunaedi Ali , Suryono Suryono , Santosa Gunawan Widi , Sunaryo Sunaryo
Published: April 2019

Gracilaria verrucosa is red algae that has been widely used as an antioxidant. This research was conducted to test antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and bioactive compound of Gracilaria verrucosa obtained from Pok Tunggal Beach and Ngandong Beach, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Research was carried out by descriptive method. Samples were fresh and taken from the beach, then macerated for 3x24 hours in a methanol solvent. Antioxidant test was carried out by electron transfer method with DPPH 0.1 mM and measurement of antioxidant activity using. Total phenolic contents were measured using the Folin-ciocalteau method using gallic acid standard on 725 nm wavelength. The phytochemical content observated by changing of extract color by reagent. Pigment contents were measured using spectrophotometric methods at wavelengths 636 and 663 (chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b) and 480 nm (carotenoids). The results showed that IC50 value extract of Pok Tunggal Beach and Ngandong Beach were 188,53 ppm and 168,76 ppm. Phenolic content of each extract were 16,527 and 17,497 mg GAE / g sample weight). Chlorophyll-a levels were 7,132 and 4,357 mg/g, chlorophyll-b were 8,335 and 5,401 mg/g, carotenoids were 31,625 and 35,494 µmol/g. Gracilaria verrucosa from Ngandong Beach have  antioxidant activity.Gracilaria verrucosa merupakan alga merah yang pemanfaatannya sudah banyak dilakukan sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi antioksidan, menghitung kadar fenolat total, dan senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung pada Gracilaria verrucosa yang diperoleh dari Pantai Pok Tunggal dan Pantai Ngandong, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif. Sampel segar diambil langsung dari pantai, kemudian dimaserasi selama 3x24 jam dalam pelarut metanol. Uji antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode transfer elektron dengan DPPH 0,1 mM dan pengukuran aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan perhitungan nilai IC50. Kadar fenolat total diukur menggunakan metode Folin-ciocalteau dengan asam galat sebagai standar pada panjang gelombang 725 nm. Kandungan fitokimia diuji menggunakan pengamatan perubahan warna ekstrak saat diberikan pereaksi. Kadar pigmen diukur menggunakan metode spektrofotometri pada panjang gelombang 636, 663  (klorofil-a dan klorofil-b) dan 480 nm (karotenoid). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa nilai IC50 ekstrak sampel dari Pantai Pok Tunggal dan Pantai Ngandong berturut-turut adalah 188,53 ppm dan 168,76 ppm. Kadar fenolat masing-masing ekstrak sebesar 16,527 dan 17,497 mg GAE/g berat sampel). Kadar klorofil-a sebesar 7,132 dan 4,357 mg/g, klorofil-b sebesar 8,335 dan 5,401 mg/g, karotenoid sebesar 31,625 dam 35,494 µmol/g. Gracilaria verrucosa dari Pantai Ngandong dan Pantai Pok Tunggal memiliki potensi antioksidan.
Synthesis, thermogravimetric analysis and enthalpy determination of lanthanide β-diketonates
Authors: Shahbazi Shayan , Oldham C. J. , Mullen Austin D. , Auxier II John D. , Hall Howard L.
Published: April 2019

This work reports thermodynamic characterizations of lanthanide β-diketonates for use in nuclear fission product separation. Adsorption and sublimation enthalpies have been shown to be linearly correlated, therefore there is motivation to determine sublimation thermodynamics. An isothermal thermogravimetric analysis method is employed on fourteen lanthanide chelates for the ligands 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione and 6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedione to determine sublimation enthalpies. No linear trend is seen across the series; values show a cyclical nature, possibly indicating a greater influence of chemisorption for some complexes and less of a role of physisorption in dictating adsorption differences between lanthanides in the same series. This is in line with previous reports in terms of the chromatographic separation order of the lanthanides. The results reported here can be used to manipulate separations parameters and column characteristics to better separate these lanthanide chelates. Fourteen chelates of the ligand 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedione are also thermally characterized but found to not sublime and be undesirable for this method. Additionally, all chelates are characterized by constant heating thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry, melting point analysis, elemental analysis and FTIR.
Metformin reduces risk of benign nodular goiter in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tseng Chin-Hsiao
Published: April 2019

Background

Whether metformin might affect the risk of benign nodular goiter in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus has not been investigated.

Methods

Patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus during 1999–2005 were enrolled from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance database. Analyses were conducted in a propensity score matched-pairs of 20,048 ever users and 20,048 never users of metformin. The patients were followed until December 31, 2011, for the incidence of benign nodular goiter. Hazard ratios were estimated by Cox regression incorporated with the inverse probability of treatment weighting using the propensity score.

Results

Among the never users and ever users of metformin, 392 and 221 cases were diagnosed of benign nodular goiter during follow-up, with incidence of 457.88 and 242.45 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. The overall hazard ratio for ever versus never users was 0.527 (95% confidence interval: 0.447–0.621). When cumulative duration of metformin therapy was divided into tertiles, the hazard ratios for the first (<25.3 months), second (25.3–57.3 months) and third (>57.3 months) tertiles were 0.815 (0.643–1.034), 0.648 (0.517–0.812) and 0.255 (0.187–0.348), respectively. Sensitivity analyses estimating the overall hazard ratios for patients enrolled in each specific year from 1999 to 2005 consistently showed a lower risk of benign nodular goiter among users of metformin.

Conclusion

Metformin use is associated with a lower risk of benign nodular goiter in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Electronic Monitoring in Europe – a Panacea for Reforming Criminal Sanctions Systems? A Critical Review
Authors: Dünkel Frieder
Published: April 2019

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]

First experiments with electronic monitoring emerged in Europe in the early 1990s. Within 15 years, the majority of countries in Europe reported having introduced electronic monitoring at least as pilot projects. The amazing dynamic rise of electronic monitoring in Europe may be explained by the commercial interests that become evident when looking at the activities of private companies selling the technique. Although electronic monitoring seems to have expanded in many countries, one has to realize its marginal role within the European sanctions systems compared to other sentencing or release options. On average, only about 3% of all probationary supervised persons were under electronic monitoring at the end of 2013. This article deals with questions regarding the impact of electronic monitoring on prison population rates and reduced reoffending, with net-widening effects and costs, essential rehabilitative support, human rights-based perspectives and the general (non)sense of electronic monitoring.
Sleeve Gastrectomy for Youth With Cognitive Impairment or Developmental Disability
Authors: Hornack Sarah E. , Nadler Evan P. , Wang Jichuan , Hansen Amysue , Mackey Eleanor R.
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Youth with cognitive impairment or developmental disability (CI/DD) face higher rates of obesity and secondary medical issues. Bariatric surgery may be a helpful tool for health improvement because it has been shown efficacious for adolescents. We aim to contribute to literature regarding bariatric surgery for adolescents with CI/DD and explore the association between cognitive functioning and weight loss outcomes.

METHODS:

Adolescents (N = 64) received a preoperative psychological evaluation, including cognitive assessment, and bariatric surgery at 1 weight loss program between 2010 and 2017. For these adolescents with measured cognitive performance, CI/DD was defined by an IQ <80 or previous diagnosis. In analyses, we compared adolescents with and without CI/DD. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the impact of cognitive functioning on weight loss 3 to 24 months postsurgery.

RESULTS:

There were no significant differences between adolescents with or without CI/DD in terms of preoperative BMI, age, and sex. Having CI/DD did not significantly impact weight loss or weight loss trajectory in the 2 years after surgery, although modeling revealed a trend toward individuals with CI/DD losing more weight over time. Similarly, intelligence scores did not predict weight loss after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS:

Bariatric surgery may be a helpful tool for adolescents with severe obesity and CI/DD. They could benefit from the surgery as much as those with typical development, and having CI/DD should not be used as a criterion to deny surgery. Continuing research with this population can be used to determine long-term outcomes in addition to defining best practices.
Peroxidación lipídica en adolescentes púberes
Authors: Acosta García Edgar José , Carías Diamela , Páez María , Naddaf Gloria , Domínguez Zury
Published: April 2019

Objetivo Evaluar la peroxidación lipídica en adolescentes púberes con exceso de peso y la presencia o no de resistencia a la insulina.Métodos El estudio fue descriptivo, correlacional y transversal en 80 adolescentes entre 12 y 15 años. Se determinó el perfil lipídico, LDL oxidada, 8-Isoprostano y se estimaron los índices de oxidación de LDL. Se determinó el IMC y se midió la circunferencia de cintura.Resultados Los adolescentes con exceso de peso y resistencia a la insulina mostraron la LDL oxidada, 8-isoprostano y el índice LDL oxidada/c-HDL superior a los de quienes tenían exceso de peso sin resistencia a la insulina y que el grupo control (p<0,05).Conclusión Los adolescentes con exceso de peso y resistencia a la insulina mostraron mayores concentraciones de marcadores de peroxidación lipídica que el resto de los adolescentes evaluados, lo que implicaría un posible papel del estrés oxidativo en el desarrollo de la resistencia a la insulina. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia de promover una buena alimentación y estilos de vida saludables para evitar que estos adolescentes se conviertan en adultos obesos con comorbilidades asociadas a la obesidad, lo cual afectarían su calidad y tiempo de vida.
El plátano: indicador de hambre y escasez de alimentos en familias beneficiarias de programas alimentarios en Vigía del Fuerte, Colombia
Authors: Arboleda-Montoya Luz M. , Alfonso-Suárez Roberto
Published: April 2019

Objetivo Interpretar la percepción de hambre y escasez de alimentos en familias beneficiarias de Programas alimentarios MANA (Mejoramiento Alimentario y Nutricional de Antioquia) en Vigía del Fuerte.Método La investigación se orientó desde el enfoque cualitativo, usando la Etnografía Focalizada como método, para la recolección de la información se utilizaron entrevistas individuales y grupos de discusión.Resultados Las comunidades de la cuenca del río Murrí están protegidas del hambre física por la disponibilidad permanente del plátano; el hambre está asociada a la ausencia de carne o “liga” y al hecho de comer “plátano vacío”; así mismo se refieren al hambre como la sensación de desasosiego, debido al dolor de cabeza y de estómago que experimentan de manera permanente e intensa.Conclusiones A pesar de que las comunidades vigieñas disponen durante todo el tiempo de plátano, protegiéndolas del hambre física; estas no lo aprecian así, como alimento que calma su hambre y los libera, de cierta manera, de la escasez, porque su presencia como único alimento disponible, les recuerda, precisamente, que tienen carencia y hambre.
Diseño de un instrumento de evaluación de desempeño en actividades de la vida diaria
Authors: Neumann-Collyer Vivian E. , Hernandez Perez Karla Andrea , Gentoso Pohl-Montt Pedro
Published: April 2019

Objetivos Diseñar y validar un instrumento de evaluación del desempeño de las AVDI, acorde a las necesidades y características actuales de los adultos considerando la actualización terminológica en Terapia Ocupacional.Métodos La investigación se encasilla como un estudio investigativo-evaluativo cuantitativo multivariado. Se diseñó un instrumento de tres dimensiones, una para valorar el nivel de desempeño, otra para valorar las razones de dependencia y una tercera para valorar la importancia de la actividad. Se realizó una prueba de campo a una muestra de 38 personas, usuarios de Centros de Rehabilitación Comunitaria y posteriormente el instrumento diseñado se sometió a validación de constructo y de contenido, a través de juicio de expertos y análisis factorial a los datos a una muestra de 89 personas adultas según los criterios de inclusión.Resultados El análisis se realizó mediante validación de constructo a través de un análisis estadístico factorial, identificando y obteniendo en las tres dimensiones un alfa de Cronbach con valores por sobre 0,7 lo que resulta en un instrumento fiable.Conclusión Gracias a la validación de contenido y construcción, se establece que el instrumento es adecuado para la población propuesta, por lo tanto, se puede difundir y utilizar para contribuir a la disciplina.
Approximation of functions by some exponential operators of max-product type
Authors: Holhoş Adrian
Published: April 2019

In this paper we study the uniform approximation of functions by a generalization of the Picard and Gauss-Weierstrass operators of max-product type in exponential weighted spaces. We estimate the rate of approximation in terms of a suitable modulus of continuity. We extend and improve previous results.
Ways to Reduce Energy Costs in Poultry Farms
Authors: Sklyar Aleksey , Postnova Margarita
Published: April 2019

Currently, the modern poultry farms are located in regions with different climatic conditions. Thus, the component of the electric power being the base for combined heating and ventilating systems, lighting, and local heating of poultry farms, is great in power engineering on the territory of the Russian Federation. The analysis of energy costs of poultry farms showed that of the estimated options for reducing the cost of electricity for poultry farms, one of the most effective can be an alternative source such as the generation of own electricity. Naturally, for biological production with a continuous technological cycle (poultry farming, for example), seems to be replace about 45-55 % of the needs of the factory and serve as a reserve for the rest, but not cover all 100 % of needs.
Photocatalytic activity of hierarchical Ti–Zr–ZSM-5 catalysts from attapulgite by MRS
Authors: Li Hong-Ji , Zhang Jian-Min , Yang Jing , Song Jing-Hua , Yu Chen-Hui
Published: April 2019

Hierarchical architectures of titanium (Ti)–zirconium (Zr)–zeolite Socony Mobile–Five (ZSM-5) nanocrystalline aggregates were synthesized in a microwave-assisted rapid system. The micro–mesoporous structure and single-site photocatalytic activity of the nanocrystals were developed by using acidized attapulgite (microwave-treated acidized attapulgite) in the precursor solution. The morphology, crystallinity, surface area and porosity of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen gas (N2) adsorption–desorption. Results demonstrate that titanium–zirconium–ZSM-5 single-site heterogeneous catalysts persist on the typical framework of mordenite framework inverted structure and present a new spherical aggregate morphology made-up of hexagonal nanocrystals. The synthesis time required is reduced from 12 h to 180 min. The hierarchical nanocrystals have a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (349·51 m2/g) similar to and a mesopore volume larger than (0·23 cm3/g) those of commercial zeolites. The tetrahedrally coordinated metal oxide (titanium and zirconium) moieties were implanted and isolated in the silica matrices of micro–mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite, which had a significant photocatalytic activity and reusability for degrading methylene blue dyeing wastewater. As a microreactor, the nanocrystals, with single-site photocatalytic activity, are worthy to be investigated further for potential applications in catalysis for dyeing and wastewater treatment.
Participatory flood modelling for negotiation and planning in urban informal settlements
Authors: Mulligan Joe , Bukachi Vera , Gregoriou Rodoula , Venn Nilani , Ker-Reid Duncan , Travers Alan , Benard Juma , Olang Luke O
Published: April 2019

Participatory modelling in water resource management – involving diverse actors in what is traditionally a purely analytical process – is thought to broaden stakeholder engagement and improve outcomes. Further research and case studies are required to explore the practicalities of integrating meaningful participation within modelling processes in the water sector. Participatory modelling may be of particular interest within the context of urban informal areas, where the confluence of climate change, urbanisation and contested land requires new methods for engagement and planning. This paper develops new case-based knowledge to inform the application of participatory modelling and planning for informal urban areas. A flood-modelling project in the large informal neighbourhood of Kibera in central Nairobi, Kenya, is analysed using a newly established framework for the classification of participatory modelling approaches developed by Basco-Carrera et al. in 2017. Conclusions suggest that the further upstream more diverse stakeholders can be involved, the better the chance of co-producing new knowledge and of creating implementable plans and policies. At the same time, delivering ‘co-design’ of modelling processes in areas of limited co-operation requires a strong vision for participation, a tolerance for contention, a willingness to learn between actors and a budget to support additional time inputs.
Fluconazole Increases Osmotic Water Transport in Renal Collecting Duct through Effects on Aquaporin-2 Trafficking
Authors: Vukićević Tanja , Hinze Christian , Baltzer Sandrine , Himmerkus Nina , Quintanova Catarina , Zühlke Kerstin , Compton Friederike , Ahlborn Robert , Dema Alessandro , Eichhorst Jenny , Wiesner Burkhard , Bleich Markus , Schmidt-Ott Kai M. , Klussmann Enno
Published: April 2019

Significance Statement

Dysregulation of vasopressin-induced water reabsorption in the renal collecting duct leads to diabetes insipidus, a congenital or acquired syndrome. Some forms of diabetes insipidus lack effective treatments to prevent the excessive loss of hypotonic urine that characterizes the condition. The authors previously identified the antimycotic drug fluconazole as a potential therapy, acting to modulate the effects of a water channel protein aquaportin-2 (AQP2). In this study, they show in vitro and in vivo that fluconazole induces a vasopressin-independent insertion of AQP2 into the plasma membrane of collecting duct principal cells, thereby lowering urinary output. Hence, fluconazole might have clinical utility in treating certain forms of diabetes insipidus—such as hereditary X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus—in which the kidney responds inappropriately to vasopressin.

Background

Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) binding to vasopressin V2 receptors promotes redistribution of the water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) from intracellular vesicles into the plasma membrane of renal collecting duct principal cells. This pathway fine-tunes renal water reabsorption and urinary concentration, and its perturbation is associated with diabetes insipidus. Previously, we identified the antimycotic drug fluconazole as a potential modulator of AQP2 localization.

Methods

We assessed the influence of fluconazole on AQP2 localization in vitro and in vivo as well as the drug's effects on AQP2 phosphorylation and RhoA (a small GTPase, which under resting conditions, maintains F-actin to block AQP2-bearing vesicles from reaching the plasma membrane). We also tested fluconazole's effects on water flow across epithelia of isolated mouse collecting ducts and on urine output in mice treated with tolvaptan, a VR2 blocker that causes a nephrogenic diabetes insipidus–like excessive loss of hypotonic urine.

Results

Fluconazole increased plasma membrane localization of AQP2 in principal cells independent of AVP. It also led to an increased AQP2 abundance associated with alterations in phosphorylation status and ubiquitination as well as inhibition of RhoA. In isolated mouse collecting ducts, fluconazole increased transepithelial water reabsorption. In mice, fluconazole increased collecting duct AQP2 plasma membrane localization and reduced urinary output. Fluconazole also reduced urinary output in tolvaptan-treated mice.

Conclusions

Fluconazole promotes collecting duct AQP2 plasma membrane localization in the absence of AVP. Therefore, it might have utility in treating forms of diabetes insipidus (e.g., X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) in which the kidney responds inappropriately to AVP.
Assessing Macroeconomic Tail Risk
Authors: Loria Francesca , Matthes Christian , Zhang Donghai
Published: April 2019

What drives macroeconomic tail risk? To answer this question, we borrow a definition of macroeconomic risk from Adrian et al. (2019) by studying (left-tail) percentiles of the forecast distribution of GDP growth. We use local projections (Jordà, 2005) to assess how this measure of risk moves in response to economic shocks to the level of technology, monetary policy, and financial conditions. Furthermore, by studying various percentiles jointly, we study how the overall economic outlook-as characterized by the entire forecast distribution of GDP growth-shifts in response to shocks. We find that contractionary shocks disproportionately increase downside risk, independently of what shock we look at.
Variación pragmática en los actos de habla de Colombianos urbanos: Creando y manteniendo las clases sociales
Authors: Fitch Kristine L
Published: April 2019

Tanto como los aspectos morfológicos claves que distinguen las clases altas de las clases bajas en todos los dialectos del español, hay actos de habla claves que tienen el mismo efecto. Las diferencias de normas culturales para el acto de tutear son indicaciones especialmente claras de la estructura lingüística por la cual se realizan y se mantienen la identidad de clase social y las distancias pertinentes a ella. El presente trabajo es una exploración del tutear y de dos actos de habla que son estrechamente relacionados con el mismo: coger/mostrar confianza y ponerse confianzudo. Se basa en datos recolectados en un estudio etnográfico en Bogotá entre 1987 y 2002 por medio de observación participante, entrevistas tanto informales como estructuradas, análisis de conversaciones grabadas, y análisis de textos mediados. Los propósitos de esta exploración son primero, para demostrar que los actos de habla establecen los limites de las clases sociales en Colombia y son usados para mantenerlas en una sociedad sumamente dividida por el nivel social. Segundo, mostrar que el acto de habla con nombre cultural es un nivel de análisis excelente para investigaciones de la pragmática intracultural.
Map Hacking: On the use of inverse address-matching to discover individual identities from point-mapped information sources
Authors: Armstrong Marc P , Ruggles Amy J
Published: April 2019

The widespread availability of low-cost desktop GIS software now enables an unprecedented number of individuals to produce point-symbol maps from information considered confidential in its original, tabular, form. These maps, which are made by address-matching individual-level administrative records to street centerline files (e.g. TIGER) can be easily (and perhaps inadvertently) distributed in HTML format. These “raw” maps comprised of abstract map symbols do not directly disclose confidential information. However, a determined data spy can use GIS technology and other knowledge to “hack” the maps and make an estimate of the actual address (and hence, a good guess as the identity of an individual) associated with each point symbol. Though this process, called inverse address-matching, is supported by widely available GIS software, there has been almost no discussion in the GIS literature about factors that are important in successfully inverting the address-matching transformation. In this paper, we situate our work within current debates on privacy, and then conduct a set of controlled experiments that are designed to evaluate the performance of the address inversion process. We do this with the full understanding that such knowledge could be used for nefarious purposes. Such knowledge, however, can also be used to guard against individual-level identity disclosure by guiding the design and use of effective cartographic masking techniques.
Inferring Policy Diffusion Networks in the American States
Authors: Desmarais Bruce , Harden Jeffrey J. , Boehmke Frederick J.
Published: April 2019

For decades scholars of state politics have studied the ways in which innovations in public policy diffuse across the states. Several studies indicate that policy diffusion is an explicitly dyadic process whereby states learn and adopt policies from their neighbors in geographic, social, economic, and political space. This dyadic diffusion process implies the existence of a policy diffusion network among the states. Using a dataset consisting of 189 policies, we introduce and apply algorithms designed to directly infer a diffusion network from a sample of policy adoption sequences. In addition to presenting the network inference algorithm, we offer three substantive contributions with regard to research on policy diffusion in the American states. First, we summarize and analyze the structure of the inferred diffusion network and assess the ways in which it has changed over the last several decades. Second, we demonstrate how the inferred diffusion network can be integrated into conventional statistical models of state policy adoption. Third, we estimate models to explain the pattern of diffusion ties and test a variety of theoretical expectations about who states choose to emulate.
Age- and gender-independent association of glutathione S-transferase null polymorphisms with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Muddathir Abdel Rahim Mahmoud , Abdallah Elharam I. , Khabour Omar Falah , Abdelgader Ream Elzain , Elgari Mahmoud Mohamed
Published: April 2019

The glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes encode enzymes that mediate the detoxification of xenobiotics by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to xenobiotic substrates. The aim of the current study is to investigate the association between GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) among Sudanese patients. Patients with CML (n = 115) were recruited to the study from the Radiation and Isotope Centre Khartoum (RICK)-Sudan. Healthy individuals (n = 104) were included as controls. Genotyping of GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms was performed using multiplex PCR. Null deletions in the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes are common in the Sudanese population (control group), with frequencies of 33.9% and 38.2%, respectively. The frequencies of GSTT1 (OR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.87–5.65, p < 0.001) and GSTM1 (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.25–3.67, p < 0.005) null genotypes were significantly higher in CML patients vs. controls. The distribution of GSTT1 and GSTM1 null polymorphisms was not different between male and female (p > 0.01) and young and old CML patients (p > 0.05). Hematological parameters were not affected by null polymorphisms in the patient group (p > 0.05). In addition, the frequency of GSTM1 null polymorphism was lower in advanced-phase CML patients compared to chronic-phase patients (p < 0.05). The GSTT1 and GSTM1 null polymorphisms are associated with CML among Sudanese patients, independently of their age and gender.
Okul Öncesi Eğitim Kurumlarının Dış Mekan Özellikleri: Eskişehir İli Örneği
Authors: GENEY Fatma , ÖZSOY Zeynep , BAY Döndü Neslihan
Published: April 2019

Araştırmanın

amacı, Eskişehir’deki okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarının dış mekan özelliklerini

ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda özel ve devlet anaokullarındaki dış

mekanlarda kullanılan materyallerin ve bu materyallerin özelliklerinin neler

olduğu araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu

bağlamda örneklem içerisinde yer alan okulların dış mekan özellikleri

betimlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Betimlenme sürecinde nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden

yapılandırılmış gözlem yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Eskişehir merkez ilçelerinde

bulunan devlet anaokullarının tamamı (20) ve 15 özel anaokulu olmak üzere

toplam 35 okul öncesi eğitim kurumu araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmaktadır.

Ayrıca özel anaokulların belirlenmesi en az 50 çocuk mevcudiyetinin olması

ölçüt olarak alınmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda mekan büyüklüğü, oyun alanlarının

düzenlenmesi ve materyal çeşitliliği yönlerinden her iki okul grubunun da

eksikleri olduğu; devlet anaokullarının özel anaokullarına göre daha iyi

düzeyde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
DNA isolation from Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) material v1
Authors: F HFvE Van Essen Hendrik
Published: April 2019

This protocol describes the isolation of DNA from paraffin embedded tissue. The resulting DNA can be used for CGH array hybridizations. After removal of the paraffin, the tissue is lysed and the DNA is released from the cells. Then the DNA is isolated by using a silica-based column that binds the DNA.
AFM tip functionalization with glutaraldehyde v1
Authors: Lykotrafitis George
Published: April 2019

Attach ligand protein to the AFM cantilever tip through functionalization. Further use it in the single molecule force spectroscopy to detect corresponding receptors on the sample surface (such as the red blood cell membrane).
THE EARLY STAGES OF URANIUM GEOLOGY IN POST-WWII ITALY
Authors: CANDELA ANDREA
Published: April 2019

At the beginning of the industrial atomic age, launched by President Dwight Eisenhower's speech on the peaceful uses of nuclear energy (“Atoms for Peace”, addressed to the United Nations General Assembly, New York, 8 December 1953), and after the birth of the first atomic agencies in France (Commissariat a l'Énergie Atomique, 1945) and the United States (the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1946), the Comitato Nazionale per le Ricerche Nucleari (National Committee for Nuclear Research–CNRN) was also established in Italy (1952). The new institution, in 1960 became a self-governing organization with a modified name, Comitato Nazionale per l'Energia Nucleare (National Committee for Nuclear Energy–CNEN). Its mission was to promote and develop Italian research in nuclear science and technology. Mining and mineral exploration were among the early activities that the National Committee undertook beginning in 1954, when the Divisione Geomineraria (Geology and Mining Division) was established. A regional-scale geochemical and geophysical prospecting survey for U-Th bearing ores involved different Italian regions both in northern and in southern Italy. Geological surveys, for instance, were systematically carried out in the Alps beginning in 1954. They were run by three main teams of geologists. The paper aims to analyze the key factors that contributed to fostering the emergence of a new field of research about uranium and nuclear geology in Italy during the years immediately after WWII.
DID NINETEENTH CENTURY MARINE VERTEBRATE FOSSIL DISCOVERIES INFLUENCE SEA SERPENT REPORTS?
Authors: PAXTON C. G. M. , NAISH D.
Published: April 2019

Here we test the hypothesis, first suggested by L. Sprague De Camp in 1968, that “After Mesozoic reptiles became well-known, reports of sea serpents, which until then had tended towards the serpentine, began to describe the monster as more and more resembling a Mesozoic marine reptile like a plesiosaur or a mosasaur.” This statement generates a number of testable specific hypotheses, namely: 1) there was a decline in reports where the body was described as serpent or eel-like; 2) there was an increase in reports with necks (a feature of plesiosaurs) or reports that mentioned plesiosaurs; and 3) there was an increase in mosasaur-like reports. Over the last 200 years, there is indeed evidence of a decline in serpentiform sea serpent reports and an increase in the proportion of reports with necks but there is no evidence for an increase in the proportion of mosasaur-like reports. However, witnesses only began to unequivocally compare sea serpents to prehistoric reptiles in the late nineteenth century, some fifty years after the suggestion was first made by naturalists.
HARTLEY TRAVERS FERRAR (1879–1932) AND HIS GEOLOGICAL LEGACY IN ANTARCTICA, EGYPT AND NEW ZEALAND
Authors: BROOK MARTIN S. , FERRAR SUSANNA
Published: April 2019

Hartley Travers Ferrar was the geologist on Scott's first expedition to the Antarctic (the ‘Discovery’ Expedition) in 1901–1904. Ferrar undertook the first geological surveys in the Transantarctic Mountains, which he mapped to 83°S, and made some discoveries of major scientific importance, such as fossil leaves, later identified as Glossopteris indica. He then worked in Egypt, Palestine and New Zealand, and was Acting Director of the New Zealand Geological Survey when he died suddenly in 1932. Little has been acknowledged about Ferrar's other contributions to geology, which were vast, and included pioneering work on irrigation and hydrogeology in Egypt, as well as a series of geological mapping campaigns in New Zealand. The latter extended to systematic soil surveys in New Zealand, in particular in Central Otago, where soil types and their properties were characterized in the field and laboratory. This paper outlines some of Ferrar's key contributions to New Zealand geoscience, as well as some of his notable overseas achievements.
CLOSING THE IRON CURTAIN: HOW GEOLOGISTS IN BERLIN EXPERIENCED THE COLD WAR ERA
Authors: KÖLBL-EBERT MARTINA
Published: April 2019

After World War II, the geological community in Germany was severely disrupted. Nevertheless, there were also first attempts to mend severed professional ties by contacting colleagues within Germany and outside. As far as logistically possible under the difficult circumstances of the time, publications and maps, paleontological specimens and geological information were exchanged, e.g., between East-Berlin (Soviet Sector of the divided city) and Hannover (within the British Occupation Area) or Tübingen (within the French Occupation Area), and vice versa. Over the next couple of years, however, matters of logistics did not become easier—to the contrary. Berlin colleagues reported increasing political pressure and many left eastern Germany to seek employment in the west. Those that remained were forced to abandon professional bonds with the western zones. Whereas it seemed comparatively harmless, when one had sent a few fossil corals from Berlin on loan to Tübingen, those that had sent information on petroleum and ore deposits suddenly found themselves charged with espionage and high treason, facing imprisonment and potentially worse. As a consequence, letters crossing the border became less and less frequent and geologists like everybody else settled into two different worlds separated by the ‘Iron Curtain’.
Attachment Style, Spirituality, and Compassionate Love Among Mental Health Professionals
Authors: Rindt-Hoffman Stacy , Kernes Jerry L. , Bui Ngoc H.
Published: April 2019

The present study examined the relationships among attachment style, spirituality, and the expression of compassionate love by licensed mental health professionals. Specifically, this study sought to examine whether attachment styles and spirituality would predict compassionate love for close others, a specific close other, and strangers and humanity. The sample of 156 (47 male, 109 female) mental health professionals completed online surveys. As expected, results indicated that greater secure attachment and greater spirituality related to greater expression of compassionate love for a specific other. Contrary to our hypotheses, greater secure attachment, but not spirituality, related to greater expression of compassionate love for close others, and neither predictor was related to compassionate love for strangers. We explored the implications of the findings and directions for future research.
College Students’ Coping and Psychological Help-Seeking Attitudes and Intentions
Authors: Niegocki Kathleen L. , Ægisdóttir Stefanía
Published: April 2019

The relationship between college students’ coping and psychological help-seeking attitudes and intentions was examined. Seven hundred and nineteen students participated (180 men, 537 women, and two individuals who did not indicate their gender). Questionnaires were completed online and included the Brief COPE and Beliefs About Psychological Services scales. It was found that for students with previous counseling experience, coping by means of greater use of support seeking and less use of avoidant coping strategies was associated with greater intent to seek psychological help, greater stigma tolerance, and greater belief in psychologists’ expertness. Problem-focused coping was unrelated to psychological help-seeking attitudes and intentions among these students. For students without previous counseling experience, coping by means of greater use of support seeking (emotional support, instrumental support, and venting), greater use of problem-focused coping (active coping, positive reframing, religion, and planning), and less use of avoidant coping strategies (denial, substance use, behavioral disengagement, and self-blame) was associated with greater stigma tolerance and greater belief in psychologists’ expertness. For these students, coping behaviors were not related to intentions to seek counseling.
Suicide Content Published in Counseling Journals: A 21-Year Content Analysis to Inform Research and Practice
Authors: Gallo Laura L. , Moro Regina R. , Moore Lauren
Published: April 2019

This content analysis provides an overview of suicide articles published in 24 counseling journals between 1996 and 2016. A total of 78 articles were published, representing 0.74% of the total published literature within these journals. The Journal of Mental Health Counseling published the highest number of articles. In addition to the number of articles published during this 21-year period, the focus areas within suicide, the type of article (research or conceptual), and the type of research are identified. Results indicated the highest focus areas were in assessment, theory/attitudes toward suicide, and special populations. Implications such as increasing discussions of suicide, especially related to youth; incorporating theories of suicide into practice; and recommendations for counselor educators in teaching suicide are provided.
Doğu-Batı, Yerel-Evrensel, Dinsel-Seküler: Orta Doğu’da Sekülerizm Tartışmaları ve Arap Baharı
Authors: Dingiloğlu Selin
Published: April 2019

Makale Orta Doğu siyasetinde seküler/izm ve dinsellik ilişkisinin yerel-evrensel ya da Doğu-Batı ikiliği bağlamında nasıl ele alındığına ve Arap Baharı’na ilişkin analizlerde bu kavramsal setlere dair ne tür değişimler ya da süreklilikler gözlendiğine bakmaktadır. İlk bölümde söz konusu ikiliklerin kültürelci ve özcü kaynakları ve bunlara dönük itirazları içeren literatürdeki temel tartışmalar kapsamlı bir eleştirel incelemeden geçirildikten sonra, Arap Baharı Orta Doğu sekülerizmine dair bu tartışmalara referansla değerlendirilmektedir. Özellikle sokağa dökülen kitlelerin önemli bir kesitinin sosyokültürel özellikleri ve öne çıkan yoksulluk, adaletsizlik, otoriterlik gibi temaların Batı’da son yıllardaki protesto hareketlerine benzetilmesi ve bu bağlamda Doğu-Batı özcü ikiliğinin aşılması tezleri incelenmektedir. Öte yandan, bu ikilikle birlikte dinsellik ve sekülerliğin siyasal içeriğinin görünmezleşerek, kimi örneklerde özellikle sekülerliğin tümüyle “kültürel jeste” indirgenmesi tartışılmaktadır.
Understanding the Continuity and Change in the European Union’s Policies on the Mediterranean and the MENA Region after the Arab “Spring” Uprisings
Authors: Özkurt Fatma Zeynep
Published: April 2019

The literature on traditional and critical security studies mostly point out at a paradigm shift concerning the nature of security threats and challenges either caused or impacted upon by state, non-state, and transnational actors. From a security perspective, the European Union (EU) has been one of the most influential actors in its southern neighborhood covering the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and North Africa (MENA) regions particularly due to its active foreign policy influence mechanisms including European Strategy, European Neighborhood Policy, and most recently through its Global Strategy. Nonetheless, the EU foreign policies in the MENA region after the Arab uprisings have not been very successful in terms of promoting social, political, and economic stability and cooperation; and thus, it achieved mixed results instead of integrated outcomes. This paper addresses the difficulties and expectation-capability gaps in the EU’s foreign policies in the Middle East with a particular emphasis on the changing security structure and threats in the post-Arab Spring period.  Therefore, this paper aims to assess the effectiveness of the Union’s regional strategies through the evaluation of its policies on volatile regions such as the Middle East.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning among women of reproductive age group attending outpatient department in a tertiary centre of Northern India
Authors: Qazi Mahvish , Saqib Najmus , Gupta Sachin
Published: April 2019

Background: India with 1.35 billion people is the second most populated country in the world next to China. Total fertility rate of India is 2.2 and the current total fertility rate of Jammu and Kashmir is 1.7 which is still lagging behind various states. This study was conducted to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practices of contraception in women of reproductive age in this set up.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in patients attending OPD (outpatient department) of Obstetrics and Gynecology at ASCOMS, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India from 1st September 2017 to 31st August 2018. 200 married women aged between 18-49 years were included in this study. Socio-demographic characteristics of the women, their knowledge, attitude and practices on contraception were evaluated with the help of predesigned questionnaire.Results: Out of 200 women, maximum respondents belong to age group of 21-25 years (75.6%). Most of the contraceptive non-users belongs to age below 20 years (62.5%). Majority of respondents were Hindu (70.37%), maximum studied up to secondary level education (84.61%), 70.30% were housewives and 56.58% belongs to middle class. In 45% of respondents, media was the main source of information. Preferred spacing method was condom in 85% of cases. 68% women had knowledge of female sterilization. According to most women, family planning methods are meant for limitations of birth (43%) and 36% meant for spacing of birth. 80% women had positive attitude towards contraceptive usage. 50% experienced side effects with the use of contraceptives. The most common side effect was menstrual irregularities in 25% of cases. Most common reason for not using contraceptive methods among non-respondents were lack of knowledge in 50% of cases.Conclusions: The study showed that inspite of having good knowledge, utilization of contraceptives were less because of large family norm, religious myth, cultural and political barriers. Ignorance regarding use and side effects of various contraceptive methods is another reason for inadequate practice of family planning methods.
Structural and Phase Transformation in a Cold-Deformed Titanium Alloy During Aging
Authors: Illarionov A.G. , Narygina I.V. , Karabanalov M.S. , Kylosova I.A.
Published: April 2019

The change of structure, phase composition and properties during aging of VT22(Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Fe-1Cr) titanium alloy rods, pre-quenched from
Effect of Thermal Deformation Regimes on the Austenite Growth Kinetics and Recrystallization of Medium Carbon Low-Alloyed Steel for Large-Sized Steam Turbine Rotors
Authors: I.V. Solovyev , E.E. Khimicheva , S.V. Belikov , O.Y. Kornienko
Published: April 2019

Effect of thermal deformation regimes on the austenite grain growth is studied in thearticle. The austenite grain growth curve based on the experimental data is constructed.Conclusion about temperature, deformation degree and rate effect is made.