bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symptomatic Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa in Distal Esophagus
Authors: Seth Avnish Kumar , Gupta Mahesh Kumar , Kaur Gursimran , Jain Priti , Bansal Rinkesh Kumar
Published: June 2021

Introduction Heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) in esophagus is commonly noted as an inlet patch at endoscopy. We describe a rare patient with symptomatic distal esophageal HGM.

Case Report A 40-year-old male presented with retrosternal pain and marked odynophagia for the last 4 weeks without any history of ingestion of antibiotics, foreign body, or corrosive. Endoscopy showed abrupt circumferential transition to salmon pink mucosa at 35 cm from incisors. From 35 to 41 cm, there were areas of polypoid edematous thickening with few superficial ulcers of 1 to 3 mm. Squamous epithelium was visualized at narrow band imaging from 41 cm to the Z-line at 43 cm with no hiatus hernia. Biopsy showed gastric-type mucosa with parietal cells without dysplasia. Serology for cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus was negative. He was managed with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and prokinetics and improved symptomatically. Follow-up endoscopy at 3 months demonstrated healing of ulcers with persistence of HGM and pseudopolyps. He remains well on maintenance with PPI at 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion Symptomatic HGM in distal esophagus is rare and can be differentiated from Barrett’s esophagus histologically and by presence of squamous epithelium between HGM and stomach. Inflammatory mass lesions may develop and mimic esophageal malignancy. Symptoms are largely due to acid production and usually respond to PPI.
Family firm internationalization: Past research and an agenda for the future
Authors: Arregle Jean-Luc , Chirico Francesco , Kano Liena , Kundu Sumit K. , Majocchi Antonio , Schulze William S.
Published: June 2021

Although the study of family firm internationalization has generated considerable scholarly attention, existing research has offered varied and at times incompatible findings on how family ownership and management shape internationalization. To improve our understanding of family firm internationalization, we systematically review 220 conceptual and empirical studies published over the past three decades, structuring our comprehensive overview of this field according to seven core international business (IB) themes. We assess the literature and propose directions for future research by developing an integrative framework of family firm internationalization that links IB theory with conceptual perspectives used in the reviewed body of work. We propose a research agenda that advocates a cross-disciplinary, multi-theoretic, and cross-level approach to studying family firm internationalization. We conclude that family firm internationalization research has the potential to contribute valuable insights to IB scholarship by increasing attention to conceptual and methodological issues, including micro-level affective motivations, background social institutions, temporal perspectives, and multi-level analyses.
Waste from plant cells is a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels in developing polymers
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: June 2021

By comparing the simulation results of lignin-water interaction based on different models, researchers provide guidelines for choosing the appropriate model for specific needs.
Discrete linear canonical evolution
Authors: Káninský J.
Published: June 2021

This work builds on an existing model of discrete canonical evolution and applies it to the case of a linear dynamical system, i.e., a finite-dimensional system with vector configuration space and linear equations of motion. The system is assumed to evolve in discrete time steps. The most distinctive feature of the model is that the equations of motion can be irregular. After an analysis of the arising constraints and the symplectic form, we introduce adjusted coordinates on the phase space, which uncover its internal structure and result in a trivial form of the Hamiltonian evolution map. For illustration, the formalism is applied to the example of a massless scalar field on a two-dimensional spacetime lattice.
A multispectral-sensor-based colorimetric reader for biological assays
Authors: Pirbhai M. , Albrecht C. , Tirrell C.
Published: June 2021

Tests that depend on changes in color are commonly used in biosensing. Here, we report on a colorimetric reader for such applications. The device is simple to construct and operate, making it ideal for research laboratories with limited resources or skilled personnel. It consists of a commercial multispectral sensor interfaced with a Raspberry Pi and a touchscreen. Unlike camera-based readers, this instrument requires no calibration of wavelengths by the user or extensive image processing to obtain results. We demonstrate its potential for colorimetric biosensing by applying it to the birefringent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was able to prevent certain false positives that the assay is susceptible to and lowered its limit of detection for glucose by an order of magnitude.
Active hydrogen evolution on the plasma-treated edges of WTe2
Authors: Ling Ning , Zheng Shoujun , Lee Yongjoon , Zhao Mali , Kim Eunah , Cho Suyeon , Yang Heejun
Published: June 2021

The tuning catalytic functionality of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with multi-dimensional defects, such as interfaces (2D), edges (1D), and atomic vacancies (0D), is currently considered a promising strategy for energy applications. The pristine edges and plasma-treated basal planes of various TMDs have been extensively studied for practical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, we demonstrate active HER on the plasma-treated edges of semimetallic layered tungsten ditellurides (WTe2) using a microcell device. Atomic defects, substitutions, and new chemical bonds were locally induced on the basal plane and the edges of WTe2 by mild plasma treatment, leading to catalytically activated WTe2 for HER. The plasma treated WTe2 was characterized by Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The local HER at the plasma-treated edges in the microcell device exhibited active electrocatalytic activity with an improved overpotential (325 mV at 10 mA/cm2) and Tafel slope (96 mV/dec), compared with pristine WTe2 (overpotential of 538 mV at 10 mA/cm2 and Tafel slope of 145 mV/dec). Our study proposes a novel strategy to tune the catalytic functionality with multi-dimensional defects for practical catalytic applications.
Simultaneous compression and opacity data from time-series radiography with a Lagrangian marker
Authors: Swift Damian C. , Kritcher Andrea L. , Hawreliak James A. , Gaffney James , Lazicki Amy , MacPhee Andrew , Bachmann Benjamin , Döppner Tilo , Nilsen Joseph , Whitley Heather D. , Collins Gilbert W. , Glenzer Siegfried , Rothman Stephen D. , Kraus Dominik , Falcone Roger W.
Published: June 2021

Time-resolved radiography can be used to obtain absolute shock Hugoniot states by simultaneously measuring at least two mechanical parameters of the shock, and this technique is particularly suitable for one-dimensional converging shocks where a single experiment probes a range of pressures as the converging shock strengthens. However, at sufficiently high pressures, the shocked material becomes hot enough that the x-ray opacity falls significantly. If the system includes a Lagrangian marker such that the mass within the marker is known, this additional information can be used to constrain the opacity as well as the Hugoniot state. In the limit that the opacity changes only on shock heating, and not significantly on subsequent isentropic compression, the opacity of the shocked material can be determined uniquely. More generally, it is necessary to assume the form of the variation of opacity with isentropic compression or to introduce multiple marker layers. Alternatively, assuming either the equation of state or the opacity, the presence of a marker layer in such experiments enables the non-assumed property to be deduced more accurately than from the radiographic density reconstruction alone. An example analysis is shown for measurements of a converging shock wave in polystyrene at the National Ignition Facility.
LayerPCM: An implicit scheme for dielectric screening from layered substrates
Authors: Krumland Jannis , Gil Gabriel , Corni Stefano , Cocchi Caterina
Published: June 2021

We present LayerPCM, an extension of the polarizable-continuum model coupled to real-time time-dependent density-functional theory, for an efficient and accurate description of the electrostatic interactions between molecules and multilayered dielectric substrates on which they are physisorbed. The former are modeled quantum-mechanically, while the latter are treated as polarizable continua characterized by their dielectric constants. The proposed approach is purposely designed to simulate complex hybrid heterostructures with nano-engineered substrates including a stack of anisotropic layers. LayerPCM is suitable for describing the polarization-induced renormalization of frontier energy levels of the adsorbates in the static regime. Moreover, it can be reliably applied to simulating laser-induced ultrafast dynamics of molecules through the inclusion of electric fields generated by Fresnel-reflection at the substrate. Depending on the complexity of the underlying layer structure, such reflected fields can assume non-trivial shapes and profoundly affect the dynamics of the photo-excited charge carriers in the molecule. In particular, the interaction with the substrate can give rise to strong delayed fields, which lead to interference effects resembling those of multi-pulse-based spectroscopy. The robustness of the implementation and the above-mentioned features are demonstrated with a number of examples, ranging from intuitive models to realistic systems.
Many-body van der Waals interactions beyond the dipole approximation
Authors: Massa Dario , Ambrosetti Alberto , Silvestrelli Pier Luigi
Published: June 2021

Long-ranged van der Waals (vdW) interactions are most often treated via Lennard-Jones approaches based on the combination of two-body and dipolar approximations. While beyond-dipole interactions and many-body contributions were separately addressed, little is known about their combined effect, especially in large molecules and relevant nanoscale systems. Here, we provide a full many-body description of vdW interactions beyond the dipole approximation, efficiently applicable to large-scale systems. Dipole–quadrupole interactions consistently exhibit large magnitude up to nm-scale separations, while many-body effects lead to system-dependent screening effects, which can reduce vdW interactions by a large fraction. Combined many-body and multipolar terms emerge as an essential ingredient for the reliable description of vdW interactions in molecular and nanoscale systems.
Effect of different turbulent lubrication models on the lubrication characteristics of water-lubricated rubber bearings at a high Reynolds number
Authors: Du Yuanying , Lan Jianying , Quan Hui , Sun Chenxi , Liu Xiaoyi , Yang Xueling
Published: June 2021

To study the lubrication characteristics of water-lubricated rubber bearings under high-Reynolds-number operating conditions, four different turbulent lubrication mathematical models are used. With these models, adopting the finite difference method, initially, the distributions of the Reynolds number, water film thickness, lining deformation, and film pressure are analyzed. Second, for the same models, the variation in the Reynolds number with the eccentricity is investigated. Third, the bearing capacity and maximum film pressure variation with the eccentricity, rotating speed, and clearance ratio for the four turbulent lubrication models are examined. The results show that the lining deformation and maximum film pressure of the above models are larger than those of laminar lubrication models, and according to the importance of descending orders, they are as follows: Aokihiro-Harada Masahiro turbulence model, Ng–Pan model, Constantinescu model, and Hirs model; the type of the lubrication model has a little effect on the Reynolds number. The bearing capacity and film pressure calculated by the turbulent lubrication models are much higher than those by the laminar lubrication model, and the laminar flow assumption is no longer applicable to the actual operating conditions of the water-lubricated rubber bearings at a high Reynolds number. Concurrently, the Aokihiro-Harada Masahiro turbulent lubrication theory is more accurate than the other three lubrication models. With the increase in the eccentricity and rotational speed, the bearing capacity and maximum film pressure increase non-linearly and approximately linearly, respectively. By contrast, with the increase in the clearance ratio, the bearing capacity exhibits a non-linear decrease, whereas the pressure increases approximately linearly.
TAK1 inhibition elicits mitochondrial ROS to block intracellular bacterial colonization
Authors: López-Pérez Wilfred , Sai Kazuhito , Sakamachi Yosuke , Parsons Cameron , Kathariou Sophia , Ninomiya-Tsuji Jun
Published: June 2021

Significance

We have found that bacterial inhibition of host TAK1 inflammatory signaling elicits an alternative host defense mechanism involving production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species through caspase 8 and RIPK3. This finding allows a reinterpretation of mouse phenotypes harboring tissue-specific gene deletion of
Tak1
, many of which die from tissue damage previously ascribed to impaired TAK1-dependent tissue homeostasis. We suggest that these phenotypes arise from misrecognition of compromised TAK1 as pathogen invasion.
Fever supports CD8
+
effector T cell responses by promoting mitochondrial translation
Authors: O’Sullivan David , Stanczak Michal A. , Villa Matteo , Uhl Franziska M. , Corrado Mauro , Klein Geltink Ramon I. , Sanin David E. , Apostolova Petya , Rana Nisha , Edwards-Hicks Joy , Grzes Katarzyna M. , Kabat Agnieszka M. , Kyle Ryan L. , Fabri Mario , Curtis Jonathan D. , Buck Michael D. , Patterson Annette E. , Regina Annamaria , Field Cameron S. , Baixauli Francesc , Puleston Daniel J. , Pearce Edward J. , Zeiser Robert , Pearce Erika L.
Published: June 2021

Significance

Fever is a common symptom of infections and inflammation. We observed CD8
+
T cells exposed to febrile-range temperature during activation, augmented mitochondrial mass, and metabolic activity. An adoptive transfer of these cells into tumor-bearing mice led to enhanced antitumor responses, suggesting that exposure to febrile temperature during activation contributes to the development of robust T cell responses. We identified that mitochondrial translation is integral to the enhanced mitochondrial mass and function of CD8
+
T cells exposed to febrile temperature. Collectively, this research raises the possibility that fever may be beneficial for optimizing metabolic and functional responses in CD8
+
T cells.
Anthropogenic depletion of Iran’s aquifers
Authors: Noori Roohollah , Maghrebi Mohsen , Mirchi Ali , Tang Qiuhong , Bhattarai Rabin , Sadegh Mojtaba , Noury Mojtaba , Torabi Haghighi Ali , Kløve Bjørn , Madani Kaveh
Published: June 2021

Significance

Iran is facing a state of water bankruptcy that threatens its socioeconomic development and natural environments. Using an exceptionally rich measured groundwater dataset, we illustrate the extent and severity of Iran’s groundwater depletion and salinization problems during the 2002 to 2015 period, when the number of groundwater extraction points nearly doubled. Iran’s nonrenewable groundwater withdrawal was about 66 million m
3
in 1965, which cumulatively grew to approximately 133 × 10
3
million m
3
in 2019. This increase is about 3.4 times the capacity of the famous Three Gorges Dam in China. Groundwater decline due to extensive overexploitation of nonrenewable groundwater and rising salinity levels are documented in almost all subbasins, pointing to dire, worsening water security risks across the country.
Evidence for even parity unconventional superconductivity in Sr
2
RuO
4
Authors: Chronister Aaron , Pustogow Andrej , Kikugawa Naoki , Sokolov Dmitry A. , Jerzembeck Fabian , Hicks Clifford W. , Mackenzie Andrew P. , Bauer Eric D. , Brown Stuart E.
Published: June 2021

Significance

Sr

2

RuO

4

is distinctive among unconventional superconductors, in that in addition to exhibiting evidence for strong correlations, it is stoichiometric and extremely clean. As a result, its electronic structure is unusually well characterized, rendering it an ideal platform for developing a deep understanding of the mechanism behind the emergence of the superconducting state from a Fermi liquid. Toward that end, an unambiguous determination of the pairing symmetry is an essential step. For more than 2 decades, the preponderance of evidence pointed to a triplet spin pairing state and only recently has this interpretation been challenged. By field-dependent NMR Knight shift measurements, we eliminate from further consideration all candidate purely odd-parity triplet pairing states.
Rocky Mountain subalpine forests now burning more than any time in recent millennia
Authors: Higuera Philip E. , Shuman Bryan N. , Wolf Kyra D.
Published: June 2021

Significance

Climate change is increasing wildfire activity across the western United States, with unprecedented rates of burning expected in many western forests by mid-century. Here, we use a unique network of fire history records to show that after the extreme 2020 fire season, Rocky Mountain subalpine forests are now burning more than at any point in the past 2,000 y, exceeding variability experienced in response to past climate extremes. Increasingly warm, dry conditions in the 21st century are enabling the exceptional rates of burning, including 2020, consistent with long-standing links between climate and fire in subalpine forests. Continued warming will reinforce newly emerging fire regimes, with significant implications for ecosystems and society.
Host’s guardian protein counters degenerative symbiont evolution
Authors: Koga Ryuichi , Tanahashi Masahiko , Nikoh Naruo , Hosokawa Takahiro , Meng Xian-Ying , Moriyama Minoru , Fukatsu Takema
Published: June 2021

Significance

When laying eggs, plataspid stinkbugs deposit small packets called “symbiont capsules.” Newborn stinkbugs suck the capsules to acquire a bacterial mutualist. Without the symbiont, the babies cannot grow and die. Due to the long-lasting symbiosis, the symbiont has experienced genome reduction and become uncultivable. Within the capsules, however, the symbiont can survive for over a week outside the host. Why and how? Here, we uncover a molecular secret implemented in the symbiont capsules. Mother stinkbugs massively produce a special intestinal secretion protein, PMDP, at the expense of their own survival. PMDP embeds the fragile symbiont cells and protects them within the capsules. The host-provisioned molecule for sustaining symbiosis may be utilized for cultivation and/or preservation of fastidious microorganisms.
The iron chaperone and nucleic acid–binding activities of poly(rC)-binding protein 1 are separable and independently essential
Authors: Patel Sarju J. , Protchenko Olga , Shakoury-Elizeh Minoo , Baratz Ethan , Jadhav Shyamalagauri , Philpott Caroline C.
Published: June 2021

Significance

Poly(rC)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1) regulates multiple cellular processes; many studies have focused on its role in tumor formation and metastasis through its capacity to bind nucleic acids. PCBP1 binds to DNA and RNA and mediates interactions with other proteins that affect transcription and messenger RNA processing. PCBP1 is also an iron chaperone. It binds cytosolic iron as an Fe–glutathione complex and controls the chemical reactivity, sensing, and trafficking of iron in the cell. How are these distinct activities coordinated in a single protein? We identify the iron binding sites on PCBP1 and show that iron and RNA binding occur independently at separate sites. Iron- and RNA-binding activity separately function to prevent DNA damage and prevent cell death.
Increased expression of LAP2β eliminates nuclear membrane ruptures in nuclear lamin–deficient neurons and fibroblasts
Authors: Chen Natalie Y. , Kim Paul H. , Tu Yiping , Yang Ye , Heizer Patrick J. , Young Stephen G. , Fong Loren G.
Published: June 2021

Significance

Deficiencies or defects in nuclear lamins result in cell toxicity and cause multiple human diseases. Nuclear membrane (NM) ruptures have been implicated in both cell toxicity and disease pathogenesis, but the factors that modulate susceptibility to NM ruptures are unknown. We observed low levels of LAP2β, a chromatin-tethering inner NM protein, in nuclear lamin–deficient neurons and fibroblasts with frequent NM ruptures. Further reducing LAP2β expression markedly increased NM ruptures (without affecting rupture duration), whereas increasing LAP2β virtually abolished NM ruptures—even in cells subjected to mechanical stress. The discovery that increased expression of LAP2β in nuclear lamin–deficient cells prevents NM ruptures represents an unexpected and welcome insight into factors that modulate the structural integrity of the nuclear membranes.
Re-evaluating the importance of discourse-embedding for specificational and predicative clauses
Authors: Van Praet Wout
Published: June 2021

This paper studies the discourse-embedding of specificational clauses, in contrast with predicative ones. Specificational
clauses – which express a variable – value relation – are assumed to have a ‘fixed’ information structure. This follows from the widespread
definition of information structure in terms of a presupposition – focus contrast, which is often conflated with the variable – value
contrast, on the one hand, and with a given – new contrast, on the other. Against these conflations, this study demonstrates that the
specification is a separate layer of meaning, which not only shows variation in terms of focus-marking (Van Praet and O’Grady 2018), but also in terms of its embedding in specific contexts of use. These findings urge us to revisit not
only the basis for distinguishing specificational clauses from predicative ones, but also to separate out the different layers of coded and
pragmatic meaning that have been conflated under the header of ‘information structure’.
Rhagoletis pomonella (apple maggot).
Authors: Schwarz Dietmar
Published: June 2021

R. pomonella is an important pest in apple production and its invasion of a new apple production area would have large economic and environmental impacts, both due to control efforts and likely export restrictions. R. pomonella is an important threat to apple production areas in temperate Europe, East Asia, and New Zealand that all lack apple-infesting tephritid pests. The only known invasion is the colonization of the West Coast of the USA with a recent spillover into parts of British Columbia. The means by which R. pomonella first arrived in the Pacific Northwest are speculative, but could range from natural spread via yet-undiscovered native populations to unintended human transport via larvae in infested fruit or pupae in soil. Its restricted host-use make the apple maggot an easier target for monitoring than extremely polyphagous species such as medfly [Ceratitis capitata], but its natural host, hawthorn [Crataegus monogyna] is widespread in all temperate environments both as a native and ornamental species and could provide a difficult-to-monitor reservoir.
miRNA-based approaches for sustainable control of diseases
Authors: Pentimone Isabella , Ciancio Aurelio
Published: June 2021

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were envisioned, in recent years, as alternative, environmental friendly molecular tools to confer crop protection. This view was based on their ability to move across Kingdoms and to modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, inhibiting pathogens or parasites’ invasive processes or promoting plant favorable microorganisms. Strategies based on miRNAs, complementing the already existing technologies or creating new unexplored ones, are expected to provide valuable tools to reduce crop biotic damage, increasing food production and safety. This review provides a brief overview of miRNA-based technologies applied so far for plant protection and reports some new approaches suggested by recent acquisitions on miRNA.
Enhancing mechanical properties of an Mg–Zn–Ca alloy via extrusion
Authors: Du Yuzhou , Du Wei , Zhang Danli , Ge Yanfeng , Jiang Bailing
Published: June 2021

The mechanical properties of an Mg–Zn–Ca alloy were significantly improved through extrusion deformation. High-density spheroidal Ca2Mg6Zn3 with a diameter ranging from 10 to 50 nm dynamically precipitated during extrusion deformation. The microstructure of the as-extruded alloy was obviously refined compared with that of the as-cast counterpart. A bimodal microstructure consisting of coarsely deformed grains and finely recrystallised grains was obtained through extrusion. Additionally, the as-extruded alloy exhibited a strong basal texture. Consequently, the yield strength increased from 42 MPa of the as-cast alloy to 285 MPa of the as-extruded alloy.
Fluid and electrolyte balance considerations for female athletes
Authors: Rodriguez‐Giustiniani Paola , Rodriguez‐Sanchez Nidia , Galloway Stuart D.R.
Published: June 2021

This review explores the effects of oestrogen and progesterone fluctuations across the menstrual cycle on fluid and electrolyte balance. The review aims to provide information on this topic for the exercising female but also for researchers working in this field. Beginning with a basic introduction to fluid and electrolyte balance, the review goes on to describe how oestrogen and progesterone have independent and integrated roles to play in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance. Despite evidence that oestrogen can influence the osmotic threshold for arginine vasopressin release, and that progesterone can influence aldosterone production, these actions do not appear to influence fluid retention, plasma volume changes at rest and during exercise, or electrolyte losses. However, the large inter‐individual variations in hormonal fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle may mean that specific individuals with high fluctuations could experience disturbances in their fluid and electrolyte balance. During phases of oestrogen dominance (e.g. late‐follicular phase) heat dissipation is promoted, while progesterone dominance (e.g. mid‐luteal phase) promotes heat conservation with overall higher basal body temperature. However, these responses do not consistently lead to any change in observed sweat rates, heat‐stress, or dehydration during exercise. Finally, the literature does not support any difference in fluid retention during post‐exercise rehydration periods conducted at different menstrual cycle phases. Although these mean responses largely reveal no effects on fluid and electrolyte balance, further research is required particularly in those individuals who experience high hormonal fluctuations, and greater exploration of oestrogen to progesterone interactions is warranted.
The construction of categories in sport: Unfair advantages, equality of opportunity and strict attainability
Authors: Camporesi Silvia , Hämäläinen Mika
Published: June 2021

On 8 September 2020, the Swiss Federal Supreme Sport dismissed the double appeal by Caster Semenya against the decision of the Court for Arbitration of Sport to uphold the World Athletics regulations restricting testosterone levels in female runners. On 24 February 2021, Semenya appealed to the European Court of Human Rights. This is the most recent episode of an international legal case which was ignited at the 2009 Berlin World Track Championship, when Semenya was 18 years old. Semenya's case has generated an intricate web of questions for classification in sport that are yet to be resolved. In this paper we aim to disentangle them. We proceed as follows: we describe the problem of binary classification related to Semenya's case and introduce the concept of property advantage, and the fair equality of opportunity principle. We compare Semenya's case with Eero Mantyranta's case and fail to identify a way according to which the two cases could justifiably be treated differently. We then discuss three possible ways to organize sport categories based on the combination of Loland's fair equality of opportunity principle and our strict attainability criterion, and outline the implications of each alternative for international sports law regulation. Finally, we summarize and outline the legacy of Semenya for the construction of categories in sport.
A convolutional-neural-network estimator of CMB constraints on dark matter energy injection
Authors: Huang Wei-Chih , Kuo Jui-Lin , Tsai Yue-Lin Sming
Published: June 2021

We show that the impact of energy injection by dark matter annihilation on the cosmic microwave background power spectra can be apprehended via a residual likelihood map.
By resorting to convolutional neural networks that can fully discover the underlying pattern of the map, we propose a novel way of constraining dark matter annihilation based on the Planck 2018 data.
We demonstrate that the trained neural network can efficiently predict the likelihood and accurately place bounds on the annihilation cross-section in a model-independent fashion. The machinery will be made public in the near future.
Breaking degeneracies with the Sunyaev-Zeldovich full bispectrum
Authors: Ravenni Andrea , Rizzato Matteo , Radinović Slađana , Liguori Michele , Lacasa Fabien , Sellentin Elena
Published: June 2021

Non-Gaussian (NG) statistics of the thermal
Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect carry significant information which
is not contained in the power spectrum. Here, we perform a joint
Fisher analysis of the tSZ power spectrum and bispectrum to verify
how much the full bispectrum can contribute to improve parameter
constraints. We go beyond similar studies of this kind in several
respects: first of all, we include the complete power spectrum and
bispectrum (auto- and cross-) covariance in the analysis, computing
all NG contributions; furthermore we consider a multi-component
foreground scenario and model the effects of component separation in
the forecasts; finally, we consider an extended set of both
cosmological and intra-cluster medium parameters. We show that the
tSZ bispectrum is very efficient at breaking parameter degeneracies,
making it able to produce even stronger cosmological constraints
than the tSZ power spectrum: e.g. the standard deviation on
σ8 shrinks from σPS(σ8)=0.35 to
σBS(σ8)=0.065 when we consider a
multi-parameter analysis. We find that this is mostly due to the
different response of separate triangle types (e.g. equilateral and
squeezed) to changes in model parameters. While weak, this shape
dependence is clearly non-negligible for cosmological parameters,
and it is even stronger, as expected, for intra-cluster medium
parameters.
Soft-matter properties of multilayer chromosomes
Authors: Daban Joan-Ramon
Published: June 2021

This perspective aims to identify the relationships between the structural and dynamic properties of chromosomes and the fundamental properties of soft-matter systems. Chromatin is condensed into metaphase chromosomes during mitosis. The resulting structures are elongated cylinders having micrometer-scale dimensions. Our previous studies, using transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and cryo-electron tomography, suggested that metaphase chromosomes have a multilayered structure, in which each individual layer has the width corresponding to a mononucleosome sheet. The self-assembly of multilayer chromatin plates from small chromatin fragments suggests that metaphase chromosomes are self-organized hydrogels (in which a single DNA molecule crosslinks the whole structure) with an internal liquid-crystal order produced by the stacking of chromatin layers along the chromosome axis. This organization of chromatin was unexpected, but the spontaneous assembly of large structures has been studied in different soft-matter systems and, according to these studies, the self-organization of chromosomes could be justified by the interplay between weak interactions of repetitive nucleosome building blocks and thermal fluctuations. The low energy of interaction between relatively large building blocks also justifies the easy deformation and structural fluctuations of soft-matter structures and the changes of phase caused by diverse external factors. Consistent with these properties of soft matter, different experimental results show that metaphase chromosomes are easily deformable. Furthermore, at the end of mitosis, condensed chromosomes undergo a phase transition into a more fluid structure, which can be correlated to the decrease in the Mg2+ concentration and to the dissociation of condensins from chromosomes. Presumably, the unstacking of layers and chromatin fluctuations driven by thermal energy facilitate gene expression during interphase.
A novel hybrid algorithm for lucky imaging
Authors: Wang Jin-Liang , Li Bin-Hua , Zhang Xi-Liang
Published: June 2021

Lucky imaging is a high-resolution astronomical image recovery technique with two classic implementation algorithms, i.e. image selecting, shifting and adding in image space, and data selecting and image synthesizing in Fourier space. This paper proposes a novel lucky imaging algorithm where with space-domain and frequency-domain selection rates as a link, the two classic algorithms are combined successfully, making each algorithm a proper subset of the novel hybrid algorithm. Experimental results show that with the same experiment dataset and platform, the high-resolution image obtained by the proposed algorithm is superior to that obtained by the two classic algorithms. This paper also proposes a new lucky image selection and storage scheme, which can greatly save computer memory and enable lucky imaging algorithm to be implemented in a common desktop or laptop with small memory and to process astronomical images with more frames and larger size. In addition, through simulation analysis, this paper discusses the binary star detection limits of the novel lucky imaging algorithm and traditional ones under different atmospheric conditions.
Secure and Efficient Fire-fly Data Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks in IoT Monitoring Systems
Authors: Kowsalya R. , Rosiline Jeetha B.
Published: June 2021

In the Electronics world the sensor is used in IoT applications. The sensed data need to be transfer to the appropriate devices as input for further processing. Clustering used to group the sensors which could form cluster and select the nodes head from the cluster. The head of each cluster receives the forwarded data through the cluster member and pass on to nearest permanent fixed station. Identifying cluster head and shortest route identification is a major challenge. This paper proposed a novelty on hybrid decision making algorithm with firefly routing algorithm (HDMFRA) for Cluster Head selection. This research work focusing of three main criteria which could save the energy and extend the life activation of the node, through the usage of energy, amount of nodes adjacent and energy consumption from permanent fixed station. To aggregate the data in optimized manner and to transfer the data in efficient manner Fire Fly routing algorithm was used. Simulation results show that proposed algorithm HDMFRA network in homogeneous environment is effective and prolonging the life time of the node by 25%.
An Enhanced Retinal vessel segmentation using Deep Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Nayagam R. Deiva , Rahini A. Anitha , Fathima A. Farzana , Gomathi K. Lakshmi
Published: June 2021

Accurate vessel segmentation in retinal images plays a vital role for retinopathy diagnosis and analysis. The presence of very thin vessels in low image contrast, on the other hand makes the segmentation task difficult. In the proposed method retinal vessels are segmented using multiscale Fully Convolved Convolutional Neural Network (FCCNN) architecture. The proposed architecture is trained for pixel classification to cope with the varying width and direction of the vessel structure in the retina. Green channel extraction gives better contrast difference between vessels and background. The skeletonization process is done which prevents the change in structure, thus the vasculature remains unchanged. In addition, an improved class balanced cross entropy loss function is included to avoid misclassification and imbalance problem. The proposed method is verified on public retinal vessel segmentation database (DRIVE). The accuracy of DRIVE FCCNN after 90 epochs was attained as 92.73% and the loss was attained as 0.0632. The experimental results show that segmentation results and accuracy obtained for FCNN are greater compared to the other architecture.
Marbles and smartphone on physics laboratory: an investigation for finding coefficient of restitution
Authors: Dahnuss D , Marwoto P , Iswari R S , Listiaji P
Published: June 2021

Experimenting is a basic skill that science students must have. Experimental activities are generally carried out in the laboratory. But by using a smartphone, many experiments can be done outside the laboratory. This research is an example of an experiment using a smartphone that can be carried out outside the laboratory. This study aims to measure the coefficient of marbles restitution through a simple experiment assisted by a smartphone. Marbles are dropped from a certain height, the Phyphox application on a smartphone will record experimental data through a sound sensor. Experimental data recorded through a smartphone is used to analyze the coefficient of restitution and mechanical energy of marble during a collision with the floor. The experimental results show that smartphones can be used to determine the coefficient of restitution and mechanical energy as an experimental tool. We hope that this experiment will be an alternative method for lecturers or physics teachers to demonstrate bouncing objects to determine the coefficient of restitution and mechanical energy loss.
Re-use of waste components of accumulators (accu) as x-ray radiation protection
Authors: Susilo  , Nugrahaningsih W H , Prasetya L , Ni’mah L , Setiawan R , Mosik
Published: June 2021

Radiation protection is the means for protecting radiation workers and the general public from the harmful effects of radioactive substances and/or other radiation sources. The principle of radiation protection is to reduce the radiation intensity, one of which can be done by using a radiation absorbing materials. Lead is a material that effectively absorbs radiation due to its high atomic number and density. A research has been conducted by using lead components of waste accumulators dopped with yukalac C108B. Samples were made with variations in lead concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% and with variations in thickness of 0.5 cm; 1 cm; 1.5 cm; 2 cm; 2.5 cm, 3 cm. Tests were carried out by exposing samples to X-ray and measure its absorbtion dose rate using a surveymeter. The increase in lead concentration and thickness causes an increase in the X-ray absorption dose rate. In addition, it also shows an increase in logarithm of light intensity that enters the film against the intensity of light transmitted through the film as the alternative to optical density, and a decrease in X-Ray Transmittance which is the X-ray-to-sample transmission value. The results obtained show, the attenuation coefficient value with variation in lead concentration and average thickness were 0.11328048 cm-1; 0.15691327 cm-1; 0.1831095 cm -1; and 0.21584088 cm -1. The lead components from waste accumulators can be used as an alternative for the manufacture of radiation absorbing materials with consideration of its ability to absorbs radiation.
Implementation optical fiber sensor using macro bending method for flood sensor
Authors: Koesuma S , Setyawan W , Yunianto M
Published: June 2021

An experimental study has been conducted to analyze the losses due to the fiber optic macro bending to be applied to the flood sensor. Optical fiber macro bending occurs when an optical fiber is bent with a radius wider than the radius of the optical fiber. Data retrieval is gathered by measuring the change in the value of the light intensity due to the presence of symptoms bend (macro bending) on optical fibers that cause the symptoms of losses optical fiber application that read in Arduino IDE. Optical fibers used are plastic optical fiber diameter of 0,3 mm and light sources are red LED (610 < λ < 760 nm). The silicone rubber used is 3.2 cm in diameter with 5 turns. Results of the research showed that the greater the bending is given, the greater the value of losses in optical fiber will be, the trend graphs show the value of the sensitivity of the sensor for R2 = 0,8765, so the inferred design sensor devices made have the potential to be applied as flood sensors.
WKB approximation for analyzing quantum tunneling effect through negative Kratzer potential
Authors: Lalus Herry F. , Yudhawardana H , Aryani N P
Published: June 2021

Kratzer potential is a potential for bound states in molecular bonds, while negative Kratzer potential is a potential for scattering states which has a barrier form, and which clearly has properties opposite to the bound state potential. This type of potential is the main subject of this paper. When a non-relativistic particle which has lower energy moving towards the potential, then there is a probability for the particle to break through the potential. In this paper, we use the WKB (Wenztel-Kramers-Brillouin) method to analyze the physical conditions that must be met by the system in order for the tunneling processes to occur. We present these conditions in the form of the relationship among several quantum variables such as the mass of the particle, the energy of the particle, the maximum height of the barrier potential, equilibrium internuclear separation, and the enactment domain of the potential field effect on the particle when the particle breaks through that potential.
The development of a simple solar energy heater as a stem based instructional material for high school students
Authors: Kurniawati H , Triyanta
Published: June 2021

This preliminary research aims to design instructional material for high school students. The research method used in this development is ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The developed Instructional Material refers to the NGSS (Next Generation Science Standards)’s first dimension. Our design and development stage includes five parts, namely designing and building the equipment, applying the equipment to measure some physical quantities, data analysis, the effectiveness of teaching and learning, and developing lesson plan for teaching and learning. The result of the development is a comprehensive Simple Solar Energy STEM project lesson plan. This project could discuss various integrated topics, processes, or phenomena such as fusion process in a star, greenhouse effects, electromagnetic waves, alternative energy, thermal physics, and lenses which can be depicted in a concept map. The core competencies, time allocation, assessment, and concept map are incorporated into the lesson plan as part of the instructional material. The designed STEM heater project has discrepancies of 16% and 6.8% compared to advanced tools. These discrepancies are tolerable for educational purposes. The STEM Project is also applicable in every school as it is simple and the material is easy to find.
Comparative study of Fe2+/H2O2/CuO/Vis and Fe2+/H2O2/CuO for phenol removal in batik wastewater under visible light irradiation
Authors: Firdharini C , Setyaningtyas T , Riyani K
Published: June 2021

Phenols contained in batik wastewater are harmful organic compounds. These compounds must go through proper treatment before being discharged into the environment. Therefore, phenol needs to be degraded before discharged into the environment. Fenton reagent which is made of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Fe2+ ion can form hydroxyl radicals (•OH). This radical can degrade a compound through an oxidation process. CuO is a semiconductor photocatalyst with a narrow bandgap that can be activated under visible light irradiation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of visible light on the decomposition process of phenol in batik wastewater. The research was conducted by varying the concentration of H2O2, FeSO4 and CuO weight, and pH of the solution. The result showed that visible light can accelerate and increase the formation of hydroxyl radicals so the phenol compound was optimally degraded. The decrease of phenol content in batik wastewater using Fe2+/H2O2/CuO/Vis with the addition of H2O2 100 ppm, FeSO4 1.0 g, CuO 1.0 g, a pH of 3, and irradiated with visible light for 5 hours resulted in the decrease of phenol content was 86.77%.
Synthesis of Ni/NiO-TiO2 using sol-gel method and its activity in blue methylene degradation
Authors: Priatmoko S , Widhihastuti E , Widiarti N , Subagja D
Published: June 2021

The synthesis of Ni-TiO2 and NiO-TiO2 with titanium isopropoxide and (Ni(NO3)2·6H2O precursors using the sol gel method has been done. The calcination process was carried out by varying the order of the oxidation-reduction process and the temperature of calcination. The oxidation-reduction process produced Ni-TiO2 material. XRD analysis (X-Ray Diffraction Spectrophotometer) showed the smallest size of Ni-TiO2 particles was 7.44 nm and NiO-TiO2 was 8.53 nm. The addition of dopants caused the TiO2 band gap to become smaller. The smallest band gap due to Ni dopant was 2.68 eV while the smallest band gap due to the addition of NiO dopants was 2.81eV. SEM-EDX (Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray) results showed that the TiO2 surface which was doped with Ni and NiO had small and smooth surface compared to TiO2 without dopant. The synthesized material was then used for the photocatalytic activity test, that was the degradation of methylene blue. The highest degradation of methylene blue was in TiO2 doped with Ni was 76.93%, while in TiO2 doped with NiO was 80.63%.
Integrated vocational context in chemical teaching materials for vocational school
Authors: Haryani S , Dewi S H , Wardani S , Supardi K I
Published: June 2021

Chemistry learning in vocational schools is included in the field of specialization, but the context of chemistry learning is in vocational schools has not been linked to the vocational field. Therefore it is necessary to research to compile chemical teaching materials vocational schools that integrate the vocational context. In addition to teaching materials related to the vocational context, this study also aims to integrate character education and religious aspects (chemireligiousa). This teaching material development model adopts the 4D model by Borg & Gall. The preparation of teaching materials is based on a literature study and rational considerations to find the characteristics of learning planning in the form of teaching materials and worksheet, as well as an assessment to measure HOTS. The validation of teaching materials in terms of aspects of chemical content material, vocational context material, as well as the suitability of the chemical content with the vocational context. The results obtained by validated acid-base teaching materials are related to aspects of the vocational context and religious aspects. The results of this study have been able to develop teaching materials so that they fit the vocational context. It is necessary to do an in-depth basic competence (BC) analysis of Chemical in general and vocational so that it can be applied to contextual vocational chemical.