bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Keterpautan 23 Marka Mikrosatelit pada Kromosom 6 dan 7 dengan Karakter Ketahanan Populasi Jagung terhadap Penyakit Bulai (Peronosclerospora maydis)
Authors: Roberdi Roberdi S , Aswidinnoor Hajrial S , Setiawan Asep S , Sutrisno Sutrisno S , Pabendon Marcia B , Azrai Muhammad S
Published: February 2017

Linkage of 23 Microsatellite Marker on Chromosome 6
and 7 to Downy Mildew Resistance on Maize. Roberdi,
Hajrial Aswidinnoor, Asep Setiawan, Sutrisno, Marcia B.
Pabendon, and M. Azrai. Downy mildew caused by
Peronosclerospora is one of most important maize disease
in several countries, including Indonesia. Parental and
progenies selection based on conventional breeding is time
consuming and laborious. Development of molecular
biology produces many DNA markers used for selection, one
of them is microsatellite. The aim of this research to identify
microsatellite markers associated with downy mildew
resistance on maize progeny MR-4 X AMATLCOHS-9-1-1-1-1-
1-2-B, on chromosome 6 and 7. This research was consisted
of two activities, phenotypic and genotypic analysis.
Phenotypic analysis used 175 progenies BC1F2 and both of
parents. This analysis included planting of spreading row,
inoculums preparation, inoculation of spreader rows, test
material planting, inoculation of test material and
observation. Genotypic analysis used 175 progenies BC1F1
and both of parents. This analysis included DNA genome
isolation, PCR analysis, electrophoresis, gel staining and data
scoring. Percentage of downy mildew infections on MR-4
was 76%, while these on AMATLCOHS-9-1-1-1-1-1-2-B was
16%, and on 175 progenies had range from 10.1-100%. Out of
23 SSR, 12 markers could be mapped in chromosome 6 and
11 markers in chromosome 7. QTL analyses showed that
chromosome 7 contain one QTL in position between phi082
and phi116I marker as far as 18.6 cM with 2.6 LOD value.
Keragaman Somaklonal untuk Perbaikan Tanaman Artemisia (Artemisia annua L.) melalui Kultur In Vitro
Authors: Lestari Endang G , Purnamaningsih Ragapadmi , Syukur Muhammad , Yunita Rosa
Published: February 2017

Somaclonal Variability for the Improvement of Plants
Artemisia (Artemisia annua L.) by In Vitro Culture.
Endang G. Lestari, Rosa Yunita, and Ali Husni. Artemisia
annua L., a family member of Asteraceae, is medicinal
plants originated from China. The plant has been widely
used by the local people for malaria remedy. Its active substance,
artemisine, has been proved to hamper the malaria
bacteria incubation, Plasmodium sp. In accordance with the
WHO recomendation, the Department of Health of Indonesia
is now in the attempt of developing this plant as the
subtitute of chloroquin because of the malaria bacteria
resistance to this antidote. In Indonesia, the artemisine
content of the plant less than 0,5% is the crucial problem
leading no investors are interested in its economic value.
Therefore, Indonesian Medicinal and Spice Crops Research
Institute; BPTO Tawangmangu, Indonesian Institute of
Sciences; and PT Kimia Farma cooperate for obtaining the
prime clone by breeding, selection, as well as environmental
adaptation. In coping with the problem, ICABIOGRAD in the
collaboration with Bogor Agricultural University have
conducted the research for genetic improvement through
mutative induction and field selection. This research on
somaclonal variation. was conducted from Januari 2006 to
Juni 2008. Eksplan used for experiment were shoots radiated
with 10-100 Gy gamma ray. The result showed that the shoot
radiated with the dosage of 70-100 Gy was unable to grow.
On the other hand, the high level of multiplication was
acquired in the one radiated with 10-30 Gy. The optimum
radiation for somaclonal radiation was eventually gained
with 40-60 Gy. The somaclone lines with 10-60 Gy radiation
have been aclimatized and planted in Gunung Putri plot in
the elevation of 1545 asl. Artemisinin content at the high
biomases genotype is 0,49-0,52%.
Keragaman Genetik 96 Aksesi Plasma Nutfah Padi Berdasarkan 30 Marka SSR Terpaut Gen Pengatur Waktu Pembungaan (HD Genes)
Authors: Utami Dwinita Wikan , Sutoro Sutoro , Hidayatun Nurul , Risliawati Andari , Hanarida Ida
Published: February 2017

Genetic Diversity of 96 Accession of Rice Germplasm
Using 30 SSR Markers Linked to Heading Date Genes (HD
Genes). Dwinita W. Utami, Sutoro, Nurul Hidayatun,
Andari Risliawati, and Ida Hanarida. Rice with early
maturity is one of an important genetic resources in rice
germplasm collection. Characterization and identification of
genetic diversity is an important issue for plant variety protection.
Molecular identification by microsatellite markers
using Genetic Analyzer enables resolve of this issue. The
objective of this research is to identify the genetic diversity of
96 rice accessions based on their specific DNA fingerprint
using microsatellite markers. A total of 96 accessions consisting
of a diverse variety of maturity classification were
genotyped with 30 SSR markers linked to HD genes which
spread out in 12 chromosomes of rice geneome. The total
297 alleles were detected indicated the level of marker
informativeness. RM5607 generated 7 allele with the size
range from 103 to 197 and the highest PIC at 0.90. RM3571
(linked to HD12 gene) has a significant value associated with
varieties which have early maturity trait. Clustering analysis
showed the cluster based on Sub Species genome background
and on early maturity trait.
Characterization of Donor Genome Segments of BC2 and BC4 Way Rarem x Oryzica Llanos-5 Progenies Detected by SNP Markers
Authors: Enggarini Wening , Sudjahjo Surjono H. , Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas , Sujiprihati Sriani , Widyastuti Utut , Trijatmiko Kurniawan R. , Moeljopawiro Sugiono , Bustamam Masdiar , Cruz Casiana V.
Published: February 2017

Plant breeders
make a succession of backcrosses to introgress a character
from a donor parent into genomic background of a recurrent
parent. In several backcrossing, the proportion of a genome
tends to return almost fully to recurrent parent, except the
small donor genome segment harboring the character of
interest. The estimation of the proportion donor segment
through backcross generations has been analyzed
theoretically using complex mathematical simulations. In
this study, the proportion of donor introgression segments
were directly analyzed in advanced backcross populations,
BC2F7 and BC4F2. The analysis was done by using a set of
single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers covering the
entire rice genome. Of the 384 SNP markers we found 124
markers which provide polymorphism between recurrent
parent, Way Rarem and Oryzica Llanos-5 as donor parent.
But only 55 SNP markers could detect Oryzica Llanos-5
alleles in BC2F7 and BC4F2 progenies. The result of this
analysis demonstrated that the average of donor segment
number was 14.5 in BC2F7 and 12.3 in BC4F2. It was reduced
15% from BC2F7 to BC4F2. The average of donor segment
length was 31.2 cM (centiMorgan) in BC2F7 and 8.79 cM in
BC4F2. It was decreased 72% during twice backcrossing. The
average of donor genome size was 343.95 cM in BC2F7 and
71.35 cM in BC4F2, which means there was 79% decrease
from BC2F7 to BC4F2. These results offered a simple method
to describe the proportion of target genome segment from
donor parent. It was required as one of the main selection
criteria in backcross programs.
Keragaman Genetik Beberapa Genotipe Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) Berdaya Hasil Tinggi Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi, Agronomi, dan Isozim
Authors: Dewi Iswari S , Arisanti Yusie , Purwoko Bambang S. , Hariyadi Hariyadi , Syukur M.
Published: February 2017

The interest in using Jatropha curcas L. from the
family Euphorbiaceae for the production of biofuel is rapidly
growing. The research objective was to determine genetic
variation of several high yielding physic nuts based on their
morphology, agronomy, and isozyme characters. The
research used Completely Randomized Design with three
replications. The treatment was consisted of 8 genotypes i.e.
IP-1A, IP-1M, IP-2P, Lombok Timur, Lombok Tengah,
Lombok Barat, Sumbawa, and Bima. Analysis of isozyme of
the eight genotypes was also conducted according to 5
enzyme systems, i.e. peroksidase, esterase, aspartat
aminotransferase, malat dehidrogenase, and alcohol
dehidrogenase. Observation was done on qualitative and
quantitative characters as well as banding pattern derivedisozymes.
The results showed that genetic variation was low
when based on qualitative characters and isozyme (0-25%)
but relatively high when based on selected quantitative
characters analysis (17-81%). Analysis of combined
qualitative, quantitative, and isozyme characters still gave
low genetic variation (6-33%). Based on the quantitative
characters at similarity coefficient of 46% the genotypes can
be devided into three clusters. Improved population
genotypes, i.e. IP-1A, IP-1M, and IP-2P were placed in 3
different clusters, while other genotypes from NTB area
were grouped in the same cluster. Therefore, selection
among population of the same ecotype based on agronomic
characters such as yield components, yield and oil content
was suitable in Jatropha improvement, especially when
genetic variation was low. Furthermore, introduction,
mutation and crossing are suggested to increase genetic
variation of current Jatropha collection.
A Modified Approach for the Blumlein-line Laser Power Calculations: Electrical and Optical Power Waveforms
Authors: Twati Mohamed Otman , Otman Abubaker B.
Published: February 2017

In this paper, a modified approach for output power calculations of the nitrogen laser system is reported. The power calculations is based on the distributed parameter model of the Blumlein-line circuit along with the decoupling approach of the laser rate equation from the electrical circuit equations. The general laser power assumption is considered in calculating the output optical power. The effect of the laser gap inductance on both the electrical and optical power waveforms is simulated and discussed. The theoretical work presented here is quite general and could be applied to many other fast discharges laser systems, such as CO2 and copper vapor lasers.
Innovative Conveyance System Saves $9.4M on a Deep Water, High Angle Well in the Nam Con Son Basin
Authors: Folger Michael , McCormick Stephen , Sarian Serko
Published: February 2017

Due to adverse hole conditions, Operators in the Nam Con Son Basin have had difficulties carrying out their wireline logging programs. Unplanned wiper trips and pipe conveyed logging have often been necessary to acquire log data. These remedies are expensive and time consuming and lead to substantial inefficiencies during execution. In search for operational efficiency, a revolutionary conveyance technology was used with the wireline logging tools.

The conveyance system consists of wheeled carriages which are secured to the exterior of the logging tool housings and aligned at regularly spaced intervals. The carriages have large diameter wheels with an active bearing lubrication system and carry the tool-string over and above wellbore cuttings. The wheels significantly reduce tool drag, facilitating conventional logging in very high angle wells. The carriwages orientate the logging tool sensors to enhance sample recovery and data quality. The holefinder consists of an upturned nose cone, analogous to a ski tip, which effortlessly slides over ledges without stopping.

The intermediate logging operation continued over 5 days, during which 5 runs were made with up to nine carriages and a hole-finder on each tool string. All tool-strings ran seamlessly to TD and logged out smoothly without issues, facilitating excellent data acquisition. Following success in the intermediate hole section, the conveyance system was deployed on all wireline runs in both the main wellbore and sidetrack with similar results. The conveyance devices allowed the drilling and exploration team to achieve all of the pre-drill objectives while eliminating the unplanned costs experienced with previous logging programs. The conveyance system provides a cost effective method for managing high deviation wellbores while enhancing the operator's data acquisition needs for exploration evaluation. By avoiding pipe conveyed logging and wiper trips, 11 days of rig time was saved on a floating rig, with associated cost savings of USD 9.4M.

Together, these complimentary devices form a complete conveyance system that uniquely resolve all the challenges that have plagued wireline logging for over 50 years while enhancing data quality. The technology also has applications in well intervention operations.
Effects of Buckled Tubing on Coiled Tubing Passibility
Authors: Qin Xing , Gao Deli
Published: February 2017

Many coiled tubing(CT) operations involve passage through the production tubing. However, due to the adverse wellbore trajectory or tubing geometries, especially in helically buckled tubing, the CT operations are still encountering various bottlenecks when it is pulled or lowered through the tubing. In this paper, a new concept "local model", which provides a sophisticated description of CT deflection in buckled tubing from local perspective, is proposed to help supplement the integral torque-drag model. Firstly, the CT can pass through the buckled tubing freely without any deformations. According to the constrained geometric relationship between the tubing and CT, the maximum CT length and maximum outside diameter can be calculated. Secondly, when the CT dimension parameters are beyond the scope of the above rigid dimension, the CT can pass through the tubing flexibly with deformations. So a beam-column model is established to analyze the CT deflection and bending behavior in snaky and helically buckled tubing. The results show that the buckled tubing configurations have significant effects on the CT passage dimension. Once the CT dimension parameters are out of the range of rigid dimension, it would contact the tubing at some points with large buckled tubing amplitude. Moreover, the contact forces and bending moments are influenced by the axial force and buckled tubing amplitude. This "local model" analysis results can be implemented in the torque-drag modeling to optimize the CT extended reach and axial force transfer.
A New Design Method of Coiled Tubing for Deliquification in Shale Gas Field
Authors: Tan Xiao-Hua , Huang Yong-Zhi , Liu Jian-Yi , You Xu-Tao , Wang Da-Jiang , Sun Zhi-Yang , Yu Jie , Tang Chuang
Published: February 2017

When coiled tubing is used for deliquification of multi-stage hydraulic fractured horizontal wells (MHFHW) in shale gas field, two serious problems arise. The gas-liquid from each fracture interferes with each other in horizontal wellhole, which causes serious energy waste. In addition, some fluids have to flow extra distance, as CT runs through some frac stages. this new design method is developed to solve these two issues. We propose a novel four-step design method for CT deliquification of MHFHW in shale gas field. Firstly, the interact of fluid from each fracture is analyzed by an inflow model, considering the geometry sizes of fracture and horizontal wellhole geometry. Then, the horizontal wellhole is divided into two sections, with CT and without CT, for flow simulation. After that, the multi-phase flow model of CT for MHFHW can be developed based on the results of step 1 and 2. Finally, combining the inflow model and the multi-phase flow model, CT size and depth can be optimized with the objective of minimizing bottomhole pressure and prolonging technological life. As this new design method considered interfered flows from hydraulic fractures and the influence by the CT in horizontal wellhole, it is convenient and meaningful to apply this new method to design the CT deliquification of MHFHW in shale gas field.
Novel Technique Applied to Lock Open SCSSV Installed in Monobore Subsea Completion in Deepwater GoM
Authors: Ramnath Lawrence , Pocza James , Reynolds Andrew
Published: February 2017

This paper highlights a unique technique used to overcome the specific challenge of locking open a failed-closed surface controlled sub-surface safety valve (SCSSV) in a monobore completion without a landing nipple profile above the SCSSV. The technical details of both the problem (inability to use conventional SCSSV lock open tools) and solution are discussed, with specific focus on the solution hardware and technique applied to deliver the objectives of the intervention.

Several techniques were considered and a matrix was developed to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each. The technique selected utilized wireline to install a through-tubing expandable hanger assembly in the tubing pup joint above the SCSSV, with tubular extensions to "hold open" the flapper. The internal bore of the tubular extensions served as a conduit for the conveyance of the intervention tools required to be deployed deeper into the wellbore. This technique was successfully applied to two different wells to achieve the desired results.

The technique described in this paper for locking open a SCSSV is not limited to the monobore completion scenario with no available nipple profile. It is suitable for use on any SCSSV, regardless of the completion type or environment. This technique may prove to be a beneficial alternative when conventional lock open tools are not available or prove problematic in their application.
Inclusive learning environment for pupils with special needs in general educational institution
Authors: Rozenfelde Mārīte
Published: February 2017

The paper is focused on the analysis of the role of education's environment in implementation of the inclusive education process for pupils with special needs: the most significant prerequisites for successful learning, development of pupils' interaction culture and value orientation are determined; options for the presence, participation in the learning process and ensuring of achievement for all included pupils with special needs are dealt with
Learning in an organization as a strategy of the implementation of education policy in preschool education institution
Authors: Smilgienė Jurgita , Gumuliauskienė Aušrinė , Pivorytė Rasa
Published: February 2017

The quality of education/training and the development of human resources are closely interrelated priorities of the education policy, the implementation of which plays a predominant role in the structure of the strategic management of educational institutions. The article deals with the problem of preschool education teachers’ learning in an organization in the context of the implementation of the strategic aims of education. The essence and importance of learning in an organization has been theoretically substantiated, referring to the data of the research the advantages of preschool education teachers’ learning in an organization, as well as the most effective ways of learning, its importance for the quality of education, particular fields of the activity of the institution
Relative importance of social factors linked to academic achievement in the 1st grade
Authors: Magelinskaitė-Legkauskienė Šarūnė , Legkauskas Visvaldas , Kepalaitė Albina
Published: February 2017

The present study was aimed at investigating aspects of social functioning linked to academic achievement in the 1st grade. Subjects were 380 Lithuanian 1st graders, 211 girls and 169 boys. Social factors measured included student social competence, student-teacher relationship, and popularity in class. Regression analysis revealed that learning-related social competence – ability to take directions - was a strongest predictor, accounting for 28.7% of variance in academic achievement
Stress in communication in families taking care about persons after coma awakening
Authors: Miliūnienė Lina , Radzevičienė Liuda , Tolga Vuranok Turan
Published: February 2017

The article presents the results of the pilot research, which reveals the communication in a family taking care of their adult children after awakening from coma. The research is sponsored by Erasmus+ project “Links United for Coma Awakenings through Sport” No. 557075-EPP-1-2014-1-IT-SPO-SCP. Analysing the results of family communication and coping with stress qualitative research was applied. The results show that family members taking care about their adult children awakening after coma experience a different level of stress. Communication peculiarities reflect the lack of communication skills. The ways to cope with stress in the communication process are individual and based on self-realization and meeting of emotional needs of the family
Realisation of ethics in the activity of a social worker
Authors: Leliūgienė Irena , Andrijevska Violeta , Kaušylienė Angelė
Published: February 2017

The article presents the results of the research in the realisation of ethics in social work activities. Social work is a complex and multifaceted profession in which  practice is based on strong values. Social work values and ethical principles have been a particularly acute and debatable topic since ancient times.  It has always been noticed that social work practical activities raise ethical issues and dilemmas. Ethical problems and their solutions are basic problems in the development of social work as a profession. Due to these reasons, the main goal of this article was set: to reveal how ethics are implemented by social workers in practice. In order to achieve the goal, the following objectives were set: 1.  to explore the concept of ethics and values in social work context. 2.  to analyse how the social worker's ethical standards are being implemented in various fields of activity. 3.  to examine how ethics is realised in practice by the social workers of N District Municipality. In order to achieve the goal and tasks,  the concept of ethics and values in social work was discussed as well as the analysis of social work ethics  was implemented in various branches and spheres of activity. To reveal the topic, the research (survey) was carried out, which was attended by the N District Municipality social workers. Closed-ended questions were analysed by quantitative research methods and open-ended questions were processed by qualitative research methods. The results revealed that social workers of  N District Municipality knew the ethical standards of their profession and implemented them in all the mentioned aspects of ethical codes. Social workers identified five main reasons which cause violations of ethical standards in their practice: apathy of colleagues, heavy workload, lack of offices,  problematic clients and nervous tension at work.
Qualitative content analysis of “Hello Songs” composed for children by music therapists in the Czech Republic and USA
Authors: Kantor Jiří , Kružíková Lenka
Published: February 2017

“Hello Songs” is a ritual musical expression of the non-musical communication occurring at the beginning and the end of a music therapy session with a client. 49 “Hello Songs” composed for children by 11 Czech and 8 American music therapists were examined during a qualitative research described in this paper. Through inductive content analysis seven categories were identified that characterise the content of the “Hello Songs”, and four findings described that relate to good practice in composition and application of the songs. Recommendations for music therapy practice were formulated based on the results.
PERCEIVED CAREER-RELATED PRACTICES AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING BEHAVIOUR: A PRELIMINARY STUDY IN OMAN
Authors: Faridahwati Mohd. Shamsudin  , Said Hamdan Al-Badi  , Alexander Bachkirov  , Ahmad Said Alshuaibi
Published: February 2017

We examine the relationship between career-related practices and knowledge sharing behaviour in Oman. The practices considered in this study are perceived security, employability, and promotion opportunities. Although studies on knowledge sharing behaviour at work are plentiful, limited empirical evidence exists of the role of careerrelated practices in this regard. Hence, in fulfilling this gap, a survey was conducted among 129 employees at both managerial and professional levels across various industries in Muscat, Oman. Using multiple regression analysis, the results showed that all practices significantly predicted the dimension of knowledge collecting behaviour, but not knowledge donating behaviour. The implications of the findings on the importance of putting in place practices to support and develop one's career are discussed as a way to promote knowledge collecting in the organisation.
CAPTURING THE 'PIONEERING MINDS' VIA HUMAN CAPITAL: THE IMPACT ON INNOVATIVE PERFORMANCE OF MALAYSIAN SMEs
Authors: Hasliza Abdul Halim  , Noor Hazlina Ahmad  , T. Ramayah  , Seyedeh Khadijeh Taghizadeh
Published: February 2017

To cultivate “pioneering minds” is extremely important especially in the effort to shift Malaysia towards innovation-centered economy. The Malaysian government is confident of achieving the target provided that the human capital is leveraged in ensuring innovation at the highest level particularly among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Nevertheless, only few studies have considered human capital as a factor that mediates the effects of other variables on innovation. Therefore, this paper aims at investigating on how human capital dimensions namely uniqueness, value and pro-activeness will be leveraged by pro-innovativeness organisational architecture dimensions that is allocation for free time, work discretion, rewards, and tolerance for risk taking in order to achieve innovative performance. A structured study instrument was used for data collection purpose. A total of 1000 active SMEs were selected via simple random sampling from Malaysia Small and Medium Enterprises Directory 2011/12. A total of 263 SMEs responded to the questionnaire. However, a total of 262 usable questionnaires were thus secured for analysis. The analysis was then conducted via Partial Least Squares (PLS) structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed several interesting findings: (a) rewards has an influence on the uniqueness, value and pro-activeness of human capital; (b) tolerance towards risk taking has an influence on human capital (uniqueness, value and pro-activeness; (c) uniqueness of human capital has an influence on innovative performance and (d) uniqueness of human capital mediated the relationship between tolerance for risk taking and innovative performance. The findings suggest that SMEs should put more focus on the reward system and tolerance for risk taking in order to encourage and enhance the 'pioneering mind' which in turn may increase innovative performance of SMEs.
Association of Complete Blood Count Parameters with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yılmaz Zehra Vural , Yılmaz Elif , İçer Bilal , Küçüközkan Tuncay
Published: February 2017

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between hematological changes in early pregnancy using complete blood count parameters and gestational diabetes mellitus.Study Design: One hundred pregnant with gestational diabetes mellitus and one hundred healthy pregnant were included in the study. Blood samples for routine complete blood count parameters in first trimester of pregnancy were analyzed. Results: In the gestational diabetes mellitus group white blood cell, platelet count, neutrophil and lymphocyte count, mean platelet volume, red cell distribution width were significantly higher than control group. However, there was no significant difference between groups with regard to neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio levels. In binary logistic regression analysis; first trimester mean platelet volume and red cell distribution width values were found to be independently associated with diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that hematological parameters in first trimester of pregnancy are closely associated with gestational diabetes mellitus. The parameters that are routinely and automatically calculated in complete blood count; may be used to predict gestational diabetes mellitus.
Análisis de la evaporación y cambio climático en el centro de México
Authors: Magallanes Quintanar Rafael , López Hernández Aurelio Manuel , Galván-Tejada Carlos Erick
Published: February 2017

Se analizaron series de largo plazo de evaporación en 35 estaciones localizadas en el estado de Zacatecas, México, con el objetivo de identificar sus tendencias. Adicionalmente, se analizaron los espectros de potencia de las anomalías de evaporación con el fin de identificar sus frecuencias y su posible conexión con fenómenos periódicos. Los resultados sugieren que las tendencias negativas en las series de tiempo de evaporación prevalecen sobre las positivas. Se encontró tendencia lineal negativa en 21 de 35 series; 18 de las 21 series fueron significativas a p <0.05. Por otra parte, 14 series tuvieron tendencias lineales positivas, pero solo 8 fueron significativas a p<0.05. El ruido en todas las series de tiempo de evaporación mensual tiene un comportamiento persistente. Adicionalmente, se encontró que las frecuencias importantes detectadas pueden estar relacionadas con el ciclo anual, el ciclo cuasi-bianual, el fenómeno “El Niño Oscilación del Sur” y el ciclo de manchas solares.
Behavioral influences on risk of exposure to fecal contamination in low-resource neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Hurd J. , Hennink M. , Robb K. , Null C. , Peprah D. , Wellington N. , Yakubu H. , Moe C. L.
Published: February 2017

Rapid urbanization in low-resource countries has led to a growing sanitation crisis, with widespread fecal contamination and risk of adverse health outcomes. Understanding how to change sanitation behaviors and reduce exposure to fecal contamination is central to Sustainable Development Goal 6. This study examines behavioral influences on fecal contamination in six low-resource neighborhoods of Accra, Ghana. Qualitative data comprised 12 key informant interviews with community leaders and 16 focus group discussions with residents. Results identify behaviors that increase the presence of feces in urban neighborhoods and risk of exposure to fecal contamination. Significant barriers to access and use of public and private latrines led to a range of defecation and excreta management practices. These methods of fecal disposal, together with poor sanitation services (i.e. refuse collection, public drainage, public latrines), environmental conditions (i.e. wind, rain), and employment activities (i.e. fishing, hawking), exacerbate the spread of feces and risk of exposure to fecal contamination. The transfer of fecal contamination between public and private domains creates repeated risk of exposure to fecal contamination for residents during daily activities. This pervasiveness of fecal contamination in the environment, suggests the need for multi-sectoral approaches to reduce fecal contamination that go beyond provision of public or private latrines.
Pars Plana Vitrectomy with Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for Nontractional Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Ulrich Jan Niklas
Published: February 2017

Background:

Diabetes mellitus remains the leading cause of blindness among working age Americans with diabetic macular edema being the most common cause for moderate and severe vision loss.

Objective:

To investigate the anatomical and visual benefits of pars plana vitrectomy with inner limiting membrane peeling in patients with nontractional diabetic macular edema as well as correlation of integrity of outer retinal layers on spectral domain optical coherence tomography to visual outcomes.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 42 diabetic patients that underwent vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling for nontractional diabetic macula edema. The integrity of outer retinal layers was evaluated and preoperative central macular thickness and visual acuity were compared with data at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months postoperatively. The student t-test was used to compare the groups.

Results:

31 eyes were included. While no differences were seen at 1 and 3 months, there was significant improvement of both central macular thickness and visual acuity at the 6 months follow up visit compared to preoperatively (357, 427 microns; p=0.03. 20/49, 20/82; p=0.03) . Patients with intact external limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone had better preoperative vision than patients with outer retinal layer irregularities (20/54, 20/100; p=0.03) and greater visual gains postoperatively (20/33, p<0.001 versus 20/81; p=non-significant).

Conclusion:

Pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling can improve retinal anatomy and visual acuity in patients with nontractional diabetic macular edema. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography may help identify patients with potential for visual improvement.
Macular Evaluation wıth Spectral Domain Type Optic Coherence Tomography in Eyes with Acute Nonarteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy at the Presentation Visit
Authors: Donmez Oya , Kocaoglu Gamze , Yaman Aylin , Bajin Meltem Soylev , Saatci Ali Osman
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

To evaluate the macula with spectral domain type optic coherence tomography (OCT) in eyes with acute nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) at the presentation visit.

Methods:

Medical charts of the 133 patients who received the diagnosis of acute NAION between January 2008 and July 2014 at the Neuro-ophthalmology unit of Dokuz Eylul University were reviewed retrospectively. Sixtythree patients within 30 days of symptom onset with available baseline spectral domain type macular OCT were included in this study. Clinical and macular characteristics of the affected eye were assessed and compared to the fellow eyes.

Results:

Sixty-three eyes of 63 patients comprised the study group. Twenty one study eyes (33.3%) had normal posterior pole, 22 (34.9%) some evidence of subretinal fluid, 10 (15.8%) vitreomacular adhesion, five (7%) age-related macular degeneration related changes, four (6%) epiretinal membrane and one (1%) previous grid laser scars. On the other hand, 41 of 63 the fellow eyes (65%) had normal posterior pole, ten (15.8%), vitreomacular adhesion, seven (10.7%), age-related macular degeneration related changes, three (4%) epiretinal membrane and two (3%) other type of changes. OCT scan passing through the fovea exhibited 10 or more hyperreflective dots in 10 (15%) of the study eyes whereas two of the fellow eyes (3.2%) had 10 or more hyperreflective dots.

Conclusion:

Macular OCT can be a part of the routine neuroophthalmologic examination in patients with acute NAION not only to show the NAION related changes such as the subretinal fluid accumulation but also to identify the other coexistent macular abnormalities.
Power Imbalance, Mutual Dependence, and Constraint Absorption: A Closer Look at Resource Dependence Theory
Authors: Casciaro Tiziana , Piskorski Mikolaj Jan
Published: February 2017

Despite ubiquitous references to Pfeffer and Salancik's classic volume, The External Control of Organizations, resource dependence theory is more of an appealing metaphor than a foundation for testable empirical research. We argue that several ambiguities in the resource dependence model account in part for this and propose a reformulation of resource dependence theory that addresses these ambiguities, yields novel predictions and findings, and reconciles them with seemingly contradictory empirical evidence from past studies. We identify two distinct theoretical dimensions of resource dependence, power imbalance and mutual dependence, which in the original theory were combined in the construct of interdependence and yet have opposite effects on an organization's ability to reduce dependencies by absorbing sources of external constraint. Results from a study of interindustry mergers and acquisitions among U.S. public companies in the period 1985–2000 indicate that, while mutual dependence is a key driver of mergers and acquisitions, power imbalance acts as an obstacle to their formation. We conclude that our reformulation of the resource dependence model contributes to realizing the potential of resource dependency as a powerful explanation of interorganizational action.
Pluralistic Ignorance in Corporate Boards and Firms' Strategic Persistence in Response to Low Firm Performance
Authors: Westphal James D. , Bednar Michael K.
Published: February 2017

This study examines how a social psychological bias referred to as pluralistic ignorance may occur in corporate boards and how this bias could contribute to strategic persistence in response to relatively low firm performance. Our theory suggests that under conditions of low performance, there may be a systematic tendency for outside directors to underestimate the extent to which fellow directors share their concerns about the viability of the firm's corporate strategy. This reduces the propensity for individual directors to express their concerns about the current corporate strategy in board meetings, decreasing the likelihood that boards will initiate strategic change in response to low firm performance. We also posit factors that may moderate the extent to which pluralistic ignorance occurs on boards. We suggest that demographic homogeneity among outside directors (with respect to gender, functional background, education, and industry of employment) and the density of friendship ties among them will significantly moderate the occurrence of pluralistic ignorance on boards. We test our hypotheses with original survey data from a large sample of outside directors at medium-sized U.S. companies and find support for our theory. We discuss contributions of our theory and findings to the literatures on corporate governance, strategic persistence and change, and group decision-making processes in organizations.
Two Routes to Influence: Integrating Leader-Member Exchange and Social Network Perspectives
Authors: Sparrowe Raymond T. , Liden Robert C.
Published: February 2017

We develop and test a model of the relational antecedents of members' influence in organizations that is based on an integration of leader-member exchange (LMX) and social network perspectives on individuals in organizations. We focus on how the relationships between LMX and members' centrality in the advice network and influence depend on two factors: the extent to which members share ties with their leaders in the organization's trust network, which we define as sponsorship, and the centrality of their leaders in the advice network. Our model seeks to explain how sponsorship and leaders' centrality shape the influence members gain by virtue of their LMX relationships and their centrality in advice networks. Longitudinal data gathered from two organizations, using survey and network measures, offer strong support for a nuanced model of the relational antecedents of influence. Both LMX and members' advice centrality are related to influence, but those relationships in turn depend on sponsorship and leaders' centrality. When leaders are high in centrality, sharing ties in the trust network is beneficial: the relationship between members' own advice centrality and influence is positive among members who are high in sponsorship. But when leaders are low in centrality, sharing trust ties is detrimental: the relationship between advice centrality and influence is negative among members who are high in sponsorship and positive among members who are low in sponsorship.
Building a Pathway to Cooperation: Negotiation and Social Exchange between Principal and Agent
Authors: Bottom William P. , Holloway James , Miller Gary J. , Mislin Alexandra , Whitford Andrew
Published: February 2017

This paper examines contracting between a principal and an agent from the perspective of both social exchange theory and rational choice theory. Two experiments were conducted that tested competing predictions from the two theories. The first study examined effort decisions made by an agent under a series of contracts that varied in social context and compensation structure. The second experiment examined the negotiation of a compensation scheme between a principal and an agent and the agent's subsequent contract fulfillment, to test the mediating effects of verbal communication between parties on contracting and contract fulfillment. Both studies yielded results consistent with social exchange theory. Exchange theory appears to provide a better basis for deriving principles of organization design than rational choice.
Should We Stay or Should We Go? Accountability, Status Anxiety, and Client Defections
Authors: Jensen Michael
Published: February 2017

Focusing empirically on what affected client defections from Arthur Andersen during its dramatic collapse in 2002, this study proposes that accountability-induced status anxiety is an important factor in the dissolution of interfirm relationships. Status anxiety—concerns about being devalued because other actors question the quality of a firm's partners—can motivate firms to disassociate themselves from their compromised high-status partners to protect their own status position. I hypothesize that accountability triggers status anxiety when firms are directly accountable to important audiences, when firms are surrounded by other firms that already have disassociated themselves from common partners, and when firms have committed themselves to a particular level of partner quality. Event-history analyses provide strong support for the accountability perspective on status anxiety: firms surrounded by stronger audiences, more defecting firms, and stronger commitments to audit quality were themselves more likely to defect.
Dependence Asymmetry and Joint Dependence in Interorganizational Relationships: Effects of Embeddedness on a Manufacturer's Performance in Procurement Relationships
Authors: Gulati Ranjay , Sytch Maxim
Published: February 2017

This study of the procurement relationships of two major U.S. auto manufacturers examines the effects of two dimensions of organizational interdependence on the performance of those relationships for the manufacturer: dependence asymmetry, the difference in actors' dependencies on each other in a dyadic exchange relationship, and joint dependence, the sum of dependence between actors in the relationship. Rather than focusing solely on dependence advantage and the concomitant logic of power, we focus on joint dependence, which operates through a logic of embeddedness. We examine how the effect of joint dependence on performance is mediated by specific elements of embeddedness: joint action, trust, and the quality and scope of information exchange. Results show that joint dependence enhances the performance of procurement relationships for manufacturers and that this effect is partially mediated by the level of joint action and the quality of information exchange between the partners. Decomposing dependence asymmetry into the conditions of a manufacturer's and a supplier's dependence advantage, we also find that while the manufacturer's dependence advantage diminishes its performance, the supplier's dependence advantage has a null effect. We discuss the implications of these findings for studies of interorganizational interdependence.
Throwing Good Money after Bad? Political and Institutional Influences on Sequential Decision Making in the Venture Capital Industry
Authors: Guler Isin
Published: February 2017

This study focuses on the political and institutional influences that lead organizational decision makers to avoid terminating unsuccessful investments, even when there is competition and they have the experience and incentives to maximize profits. I examine multilevel influences on sequential investment decisions in the U.S. venture capital industry through a qualitative study of the investment process and a quantitative examination of venture capital investments between 1989 and 2004. Results show that venture capital firms become less likely to terminate investments as they participate in more rounds of financing, despite evidence that expected returns are declining over rounds. Intraorganizational politics, as well as coercive and normative pressures from co-investors and limited partners, may influence the decisions to continue or terminate investments, regardless of the expected returns. The findings suggest that organizational safeguards designed to mitigate individual biases may give rise to political and institutional influences, which may in turn undermine the effectiveness of the decision process.
Collaborative Brokerage, Generative Creativity, and Creative Success
Authors: Fleming Lee , Mingo Santiago , Chen David
Published: February 2017

Analyzing data on utility patents from 1975 to 2002 in the careers of 35,400 collaborative inventors, this study examines the influence of brokered versus cohesive collaborative social structures on an individual's creativity. We test the hypothesis that brokerage—direct ties to collaborators who themselves do not have direct ties to each other—leads to greater collaborative creativity. We then test interaction hypotheses on the marginal benefits of cohesion, when collaborators have independent ties between themselves that do not include the individual. We identify the moderators of brokerage and argue for contingent benefits, based on the interaction of structure with the attributes, career experiences, and extended networks of individuals and their collaborators. Using a social definition of creative success, we also trace the development of creative ideas from their generation through future use by others. We test the hypothesis that brokered ideas are less likely to be used in future creative efforts. The results illustrate how collaborative brokerage can aid in the generation of an idea but then hamper its diffusion and use by others.
A Invalidação Dos Atos Administrativos E A Modulação Temporal De Seus Efeitos
Authors: Silva Clarissa Sampaio , Meireles Ivson Antonio de Souza
Published: February 2017

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar, dentro da temática da invalidação dos atos administrativos, a possível modulação temporal de seus efeitos, os quais são normalmente retroativos. A declaração de nulidade do ato, mesmo dentro do prazo estabelecido em lei, traz, em diversas situações analisadas na jurisprudência dos Tribunais judiciais, do Tribunal de Contas, e também na doutrina, ofensas a princípios constitucionais da Administração Pública, como a razoabilidade e a proporcionalidade, de modo que, com inspiração na modulação da declaração de inconstitucionalidade das leis, podem ser buscadas soluções semelhantes, com exigências acrescidas de motivação pela Administração Pública.
A Transparência Dos Gastos Públicos Em Saúde No Município De São Luís/Ma Após A Lei De Acesso À Informação
Authors: Ramos Maria Barbosa , Queiroz Fernanda Dayane dos Santos
Published: February 2017

O Estado tem como uma de suas funções arrecadar recursos para devolvê-los à sociedade através da prestação de serviços. O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar a transparência das ações da gestão pública em saúde no município de São Luís (Maranhão) por meio da análise dos seus portais eletrônicos, após a Lei Federal nº 12.527/2011 – Lei de Acesso à Informação Pública. Com base nos resultados da pesquisa, observou-se falhas quanto à divulgação clara das informações e ao cumprimento das exigências legais de acesso à informação pública, de modo a comprometer a transparência e a fiscalização dos gastos públicos.
Gestão Dos Negócios Públicos E A Resolução Extrajudicial Dos Conflitos Em Face Da Administração Pública Gerencial
Authors: Miranda Lara Caxico Martins , Kempfer Marlene
Published: February 2017

Comacrise socioeconômica mundial na década de 1980, tem-se discussões sobre o papel do Estado diante das relações público-privadas. Dentre as críticas sobre a realidade de então, no Brasil, destaca-se, os resquícios da gestão pública patrimonialista e os excessos da burocrática. Neste contexto, Bresser Pereira nas obras (1998, 2005, 2009), traz estudos sobre as possibilidades da Administração Pública Gerencial. O foco da pesquisa está em considerar tais fundamentos em face das atuais possibilidades de administração dos conflitos, em negócios públicos, por caminhos extrajudiciais da arbitragem (Lei 9.307/96 e Lei 13.129/15) e da autocomposição (Lei 13.140/15).