bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN EDUKATIF UNTUK POS PAUD TERPADU (PPT) DI KELURAHAN BALAS KLUMPRIK KECAMATAN WIYUNG KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Fathonah Nur , Ladyawati Erlin
Published: May 2020

Anak usia dini berada pada masa emas (golden age). Karena itu, rangsangan lingkungan yang sehat dan sesuai, melalui kegiatan yang sesuai dengan tahap perkembangan anak, harus diberdayakan. Rangsangan dan kegiatan tersebut diharapkan akan berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan berbagai aspek, seperti fisik motorik, kognitif, sosial emosional, termasuk aspek bahasa. Salah satu metode pembelajaran yang dapat dijadikan alternatif solusi untuk masalah tersebut yaitu metode permainan. Metode permainan dalam hal ini adalah metode yang menggunakan permainan untuk mengemas suatu pembelajaran agar pembelajaran menjadi menyenangkan. Agar pembelajaran dengan menggunakan permainan lebih menarik maka diperlukan media. Media yang digunakan selain menyenangkan juga yang edukatif, atau yang memberi pengetahuan. Media pembelajaran edukatif dapat digunakan untuk memberikan rangsangan pada anak usia dini sehingga dapat meminimalkan hambatan yang mungkin terjadi ketika anak memperoleh atau menerima materi. Media pembelajaran edukatif dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif karena dapat dirancang sesuai dengan usia dan tingkat perkembangan anak, mudah digunakan oleh para murid PAUD, orang tua juga bunda PAUD, serta menyenangkan. Subyek dalam kegiatan ini adalah Bunda-bunda di Pos Paud Terpadu (PPT) RW 01 (PPT Bougenville) dan RW 06 (PPT Dahlia). Sedangkan luaran yang ingin dicapai adalah media pembelajaran edukatif. Metode yang digunakan ada dua yaitu metode proyek dan metode penilaian. Metode proyek digunakan untuk membuat media pembelajaran. Media pembelajaran yang dibuat ada dua jenis yaitu media pembelajaran jenis aktif dan media pembelajaran jenis pasif. Media pembelajaran jenis aktif yang dihasilkan adalah Balok Ceria dan Panggung Cerita, sedangkan media pembelajaran jenis pasif adalah Bantal Cerita Bergambar dan Tablet Permainan. Dari media pembelajaran yang dihasilkan akan diadakan penilaian terhadap ketepatan penggunaan kepada peserta didik melalui metode penilaian. Media pembelajaran layak digunakan jika memenuhi kriteria ≥ 80%, dan semua media pembelajaran yang dihasilkan memenuhi kriteria tersebut. Dengan adanya kegiatan ini maka diharapkan bunda-bunda PAUD menjadi bunda-bunda yang berkualitas untuk mencerdaskan anak bangsa di barisan terdepan.

Kata Kunci : Kelompok Bunda PAUD, Media Pembelajaran Edukatif Jenis Aktif dan Media Pembelajaran Edukatif Jenis Pasif
PERBANDINGAN HASIL JADI PAES PADA WAJAH PENGANTIN
Authors: Hipij Vony Fatmawati
Published: May 2020

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah pengembangan potensi peserta didik dalam menghadapi perkembangan industry. Pengembangan tersebut adalah pada spengembangan pembuatan paes secara proposional. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan 20 peserta didik untuk tiga materi dengan tiga pertemuan. Data dianalisis menggunakan prosentase dengan instrument lembar pengamatan, angket dan tes. Hasil penelitian secara umum menunjukkan hasil paes yang paling bagus pada bentuk wajah kotak.

Kata kunci: belajar, paes, metode proposional.
PENGARUH LATIHAN HEXAGONAL OBSTACLE TERHADAP PENINGKATAN DAYA LEDAK POWER OTOT TUNGKAI
Authors: Nuryadi Achmad
Published: May 2020

Power is the power and speed of muscle contraction is dynamic and explosive and involvesthe expenditure of maximum muscle strength in the fastest time. Explosive power is one componentof physical condition that is needed in sports. This is supported by the opinion of Sukadiyanto(2011: 128) power is the result of times between strength and speed. To that end, the sequence toincrease power is given after the athlete is trained element of strength and speed. According toRiaydi, (2010) explosive power is a person's ability to use maximum capabilities deployed in theshortest time. The obstacle hexagonal jump is done quickly so that the movements performed areexplosive or abrupt so as to have an effect on the increase of explosive muscle limb power. Theresult of statistical analysis showed that the mean for the treatment group was 2.90 while the meanfor the control group was 1.55 this indicated that the mean group of threatment was greater than thecontrol group. While the results of the threatment group analysis is known that the t-test value is11.599 with the standard deviation of 1.119 and for the control group that the t-test value is 9.131with the standard deviation of 0.759, thus there is indeed the effect of obstacle hexagonal exerciseon increasing the muscle explosive power ) leg muscles.
FAKTOR SOSIAL TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU DI KAWASAN DESA RAWAN LONGSOR
Authors: Shofwan Moch.
Published: May 2020

Green Open Space (RTH) is one of the balancing factors of an area in order to keep alignment to the dynamics of life around it. Social activity is part of the dynamics of society inbuilding and managing a region. Social activities can not be separated from the existing institutionsin the region, the institutional symbolized by the existence of groups (entities) that are capable ofproviding capacity for action on changes and policy making. Penanggungan village is a villagewhose territory is located on the slopes of the mountains, this village belongs to the category ofvillages prone to landslides. Social community of Penanggungan Village become the focus of studyrelated to Green Open Space management factor (RTH). The result of correlation analysis showsthat there is a relationship between social condition and Green Open Space (RTH) that is obtainedby significant value 0.000 which means less than 0.005 so that H0 result is rejected H1 accepted, itmeans there is relationship between variable X to Y. Based on result surveys in the field, most ofPenanggungan Village which has 4 hamlets namely Ngembes, Penanggungan, Sendang, andKemendung are entering the green area. This is in accordance with topographic conditions in thevillage Penanggungan into the topography that has an average height of 600-700 mdpl.
PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM MEMINIMALKAN PERILAKU DISRUPTIF
Authors: Mudhar Mudhar
Published: May 2020

Disruptive behavior is a form of behavior that many children do both verbally and non-verbally, such as raging, seeking attention, talking to his friends, and other annoying behavior. Disruptive behavior in early childhood often continues until later adulthood. Students with disruptive behavior raises concerns for families, schools, and communities. In particular, students with many performing annoying behaviors will experience more academic difficulties including. Many studies that explain the importance of parents in the process of child development, including in reducing the disruptive behavior of children. Although disruptive behavior in children is normal and normal, but if this issue is allowed to continue, it will have a greater negative impact. This paper will discuss the importance of parent-child relationships to minimize the disruptive behavior of children. In the process of interaction of children with parents there imitation process. The child's imitation of the behavior of one parent is a very possible manifestation of indirect influence in the family system. When his parents behaved brusquely to his son or to others, it is possible that his son will also imitate such things to others. In addition, family involvement is defined as the active involvement of family members, especially parents in the activities and behaviors of children at home and at school will be beneficial in their child's development, family involvement and parents will have an impact on the academic, psychological, social and positive behaviors others, including reducing disruptive behavior in children.
ANALISIS BULLWHIP EFFECT PADA PERENCANAAN KEBUTUHAN MATERIAL BELT CONVEYOR
Authors: Febryanto Indra
Published: May 2020

Controlling the supply of raw materials belt conveyor is a very important management function because it is a vital company investment, both in terms of value and future prospects. Well-implemented inventory control management can trigger a company's success in production. In manufacturing companies there is often a delay in the arrival of material arrival due to various things, such as the bullwhip effect between the company with suppliers, companies with distributors or companies with buyers. The focus of this research is to know how big the occurrence of bullwhip effect and how to decrease the bullwhip effect that already happened. From the calculation results obtained a decrease in the value of the bullwhip effect from the original to PU White products 2,786 to 1,524, blue PU products 3,297 to 1,455, and PVC Green 2.025 to 1.5794.
PENINGKATAN KETRAMPILAN PRATIKUM MATA KULIAH BAKERY & PASTRY MAHASISWA TUNA RUNGU MELALUI PENDEKATAN TUTOR SEBAYA DAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL
Authors: Karyanto Yunus
Published: May 2020

Setiap warga negara Indonesia memiliki kesempatan yang sama untuk memperoleh pendidikan. Hal ini juga berlaku kepada anak berkebutuhan khusus atau biasa juga disebut sebagai penyandang disabilitas. Anak berkebutuhan khusus/ penyandang disabilitas juga dapat memperoleh pendidikan setinggi-tingginya. Seperti halnya mahasiswa penyandang disabilitas pada Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Suarabaya, khususnya bagi mahasiswa tuna rungu. Mahasiswa ini diberikan kesempatan yang sama untuk memperoleh pembelajaran seperti mahasiswa lainnyua. Dalam kegiatan pembelajaran yang dilakukan pada mata kuliah Bakery dan Pastry, mahasiswa diberikan pendekatan tutor sebaya dan media audio â€“ visual untuk membantu meningkatkan ketrampilan pratikum dalam mata kuliah Bakery dan Pastry. Pada pendekatan tutor sebaya, mahasiswa diberikan buku ajar yang menjadi panduan untuk saling berdiskusi di kelas. Sedangkan dalam media audio- visual, dibuat berupa media video pembelajaran dengan materi pembuatan brownies kukus. Kedua hal tersebut dilakukan untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan pratikum mahasisiswa dalam mata kuliah Bakery dan Pastry.
Efecto de la incorporación de residuos de cosecha de tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) en sistemas marginales de producción de papa de regiones andinas semiáridas de Cochabamba, Bolivia
Authors: J.J. Calisaya-Vargas P. Mamani-Rojas,
Published: May 2020

El estudio se llevó a cabo durante las campañas agrícolas 2014-2015 y 20152016, en comunidades del municipio de Anzaldo (Cochabamba), ubicadas a 3040 msnm. La precipitación del lugar es de 450 mm/año y su temperatura mínima y máxima es de 4ºC y 23ºC, respectivamente. Sus suelos son de escasa profundidad, baja fertilidad y escasa materia orgánica (0,9%). El presente estudio buscó determinar el efecto de la incorporación al suelo de los residuos de cosecha de tarwi, en el sistema de rotación tradicional de cultivos y en la recuperación de los suelos. Esta incorporación logra incrementar la productividad de papa en 51% y de quinua en 58%. En ambos cultivos, la combinación de rastrojo de tarwi con guano animal, logra incrementar aún más su rendimiento. También se determinó que esta incorporación incrementa la respiración del suelo, lo que sugiere que se genera mayor actividad microbiana debido al incremento de la materia orgánica del suelo (de 0,7% a 1,03%) lo que repercute en un mayor contenido de N (de 27 ppm a 40 ppm), P (de 8 ppm a 13 ppm) y K (0,25 a 0,35 meq/100 g de suelo). Por tanto, se sugiere promover la incorporación de los residuos de cosecha de tarwi, para favorecer al sistema de cultivos y la mejora del suelo.
Qué está pasando con el clima y el tizón de la papa [Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary] en Bolivia
Authors: A. Gandarillas ; G. Plata J. Gabriel ; B. Condori;
Published: May 2020

En este documento de reflexión se hace referencia a la literatura disponible en Bolivia y otros países sobre los avances en el conocimiento y el control del tizón tardío de la papa (Phytophthora infestans) como agente causal de una temida enfermedad que afecta al cultivo de papa, que a lo largo de muchos años causó grandes pérdidas en diferentes partes del mundo. En el mismo se analiza los avances del conocimiento del patógeno y el desarrollo del manejo integrado de la enfermedad a través de estrategias químicas y el uso de cultivares resistentes con potencial de alto rendimiento; así mismo, se analiza las implicaciones del tizón en el futuro por el efecto del cambio climático y el cambio de las épocas de siembra del cultivo. Finalmente se hace algunas consideraciones de manejo integrado para afrontar este problema que causa grandes pérdidas a los agricultores pobres de la zona andina e interandina de Bolivia.
ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA ĐIỀU KIỆN TỰ NHIÊN ĐẾN SỰ HÌNH THÀNH PHONG CÁCH NGƯỜI ĐÀ LẠT
Authors: Hiền Trần Thị
Published: May 2020

Dựa trên nguồn tư liệu điền dã kết hợp với những nghiên cứu liên quan, bài viết phân tích những ảnh hưởng của điều kiện tự nhiên đến sự hình thành phong cách của người Đà Lạt. Kết quả cho thấy, những yếu tố môi trường sinh thái tự nhiên đặc thù của vùng cao nguyên Lang Biang như khí hậu, địa hình, và cảnh quan đã góp phần hình thành đặc điểm “hiền hòa, thanh lịch, mến khách” trong khuôn mẫu văn hóa, hành vi, và ứng xử của người Đà Lạt. Vì vậy, khi bàn đến những giải pháp để giữ gìn và phát huy phong cách người Đà Lạt, cần thiết quan tâm đến việc bảo tồn và tôn tạo cảnh quan, môi trường sinh thái của đô thị cao nguyên này.
Modern principles of surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Kopchak Volodymyr , Nychytailo Mykhailo , Duvalko Oleksandr , Khanenko Vasyl , Trachuk Volodymyr , Khomiak Andrii
Published: May 2020

We reviewed the charts of 752 patients, who have undergone surgery
for various forms of chronic pancreatitis at “Shalimov’s National
Institute of Surgery and Transplantation of the NAMS of Ukraine” in
the years from 2007 to 2017. The average age of the 591 males (78,6
%) and 161 females (22,4 %) was 43,0 ± 3,2 years. Out of these, 446
(62,4 %) patients with pseudocysts and pancreatic fistula and also
with isolated main pancreatic duct lithiasis underwent drainage procedures. The 269 (37.6%) patients were subjected to different types of
resection, including the Frey operation, pancreatoenterostomy with
artificial pancreatic duct formation, the Berne technique, the Beger
procedure, pancreatoduodenectomy, distal-pancreatic resection and
other procedures. After pancreatic resections, the patients did not
require repeated surgical interventions for chronic pancreatitis.
In some cases of chronic pancreatitis, there was an isolated lesion of
the pancreas: in such cases (13 patients), we performed distal resection of the pancreas. Among the observed patients here were no fatal
cases. Satisfactory results were obtained in 92.6 % of cases at longterm follow-up. Post-operative complications occurred in 27 patients
(4.6 %), in 6 (1.03 %) patients there was a need for repeated surgery.
Progression of the disease in patients previously operated in our
clinic was observed in 32 (5.5 %), and 72 patients, initially operated
in other medical institutions. Patients after direct resection of the
pancreas did not require repeated surgery for chronic pancreatitis.
The main causes of unsatisfactory results of the surgical treatment
for chronic pancreatitis have been found to be: false indications for
initial surgery, improper primary surgical techniques, insufficient use
of drainage procedures, as well as, performing a drainage procedure
instead of a resection.
Key words: chronic pancreatitis, surgical treatment, resection and
drainage procedures.
For citation: Usenko OY, Kopchak VM, Nychytailo MY, Duvalko OV,
Khanenko VV, Trachuk VI, Khomiak AI. Modern principles of surgical
treatment of chronic pancreatitis. Journal of the National Academy of
Medical Sciences of Ukraine. 2019;25(3):306–12
PENDOKUMENTASIAN APLIKASI RAGAM HIAS BATIK JAWA TENGAH MOTIF KAWUNG, SEBAGAI UPAYA KONSERVASI BUDAYA BANGSA KHUSUSNYA PADA PERANCANGAN INTERIOR
Authors: Hartanti Grace , Setiawan Budi
Published: May 2020

Indonesia memiliki kekayaan akan ragam hias yang berasal dari berbagai suku di seluruh pelosok Nusantara. Ragam hias ini merupakan salah satu hasil dari budaya berwujud yang memiliki makna dan arti tertentu yang perlu dilestarikan keberadaannya. Adanya akulturasi menjelaskan adanya proses perubahan budaya yang menghasilkan perpaduan antar budaya. Masyarakat Jawa Tengah salah satu dari masyarakat Nusantara juga memiliki budaya yang sangat kuat. Perpaduan budaya asing seperti Malaysia, Arab, China, dan Belanda telah beradaptasi dengan baik pada kehidupan masyarakat setempat melalui perdagangan dan perkawinan. Hal ini juga berpengaruh pada perilaku masyarakat Jawa Tengah. Beragam ornamen hias maupun warna yang menjadi ciri khas budaya masyarakat Jawa Tengah terlihat mulai dari bangunan rumah, baju adat serta tarian ataupun pertunjukan yang ditampilkan oleh masyarakat Jawa Tengah. Pada umumnya makna yang terkandung dalam ornamen Jawa Tengah memiliki nilai historis, seperti halnya ragam hias batik Jawa Tengah motif Kawung,sehingga dalam penerapannya dalam sebuah perancangan interior perlu dipahami asal usulnya sehingga budaya tersebut dapat dilestarikan sesuai dengan makna yang terkandung.
PERANCANGAN KAFE BAPAK DI SIDOARJO
Authors: Pangestu Valentina , Purwoko Gervasius Herry , Indrawan Stephanus Evert
Published: May 2020

Proyek akhir perancangan Kafe Bapak merupakan proyek desain interior dan eksterior pada bangunan yang terletak di Jalan Letjen sutoyo no. 3, Waru, Sidoarjo. Perancangan ini dilatar belakangi oleh keinginan klien untuk membuat sebuah bangunan multibisnis yang unik, cozy, dan artful. Adapun tujuan dibangunnya Kafe Bapak yaitu sebagai sarana penyedia layanan yang masih sulit ditemui pada daerah tersebut, diantaranya kafe, car wash, salon & reflexology, dan multi function hall. Perancangan ini bertujuan menjawab keinginan klien serta memberi solusi atas permasalahan yang terdapat pada bangunan eksisting proyek. Konsep yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan problem terinspirasi dari bentuk kurva melengkung yang terdapat pada bagian tengah biji kopi. Kurva ini kemudian diaplikasikan pada penataan layout dan pelingkup secara tiga dimensi. Ruang-ruang dalam Kafe Bapak diorganisasi sesuai kedekatan fungsi, sehingga membuat pola sirkulasi yang efisien bagi penggunanya. Dalam perancangan ini material - finishing pelingkup dan isi ruang yang dipilih merupakan bahan-bahan yang ramah lingkungan dan pengguna.
IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI JENIS KOMERSIAL PADA LAHAN ASET DINAS PERHUTANI YANG BERKONTUR
Authors: Ariyanto Yusuf
Published: May 2020

Kegiatan wisata di era masyarakat milenial sekarang ini merupakan kebutuhan hidup yang rutin dilakukan. Faktor yang berpengaruh dalam peningkatan sektor pariwisata tersebut adalah kondisi fisik yang tersaji di setiap kawasan wisata, seperti panorama alam, kondisi alam, suasana yang tercipta dari kondisi alam, bahkan kualitas fasilitas pendukung lingkungan wisata. Tak terkecuali pemerintah yang sudah mulai sadar akan pentingnya kerjasama untuk mengembangkan aset-aset pemerintah yang tidur, seperti halnya aset tanah Dinas Perhutani yang relatif luas dan terletak di area pegunungan namun belum ada tindakan signifikan untuk mengembangkan aset tersebut. Kondisi lahan wisata di pegunungan yang berkontur dengan kemiringan lereng tertentu umumnya memerlukan biaya yang cukup besar untuk membuatnya menjadi area wisata. Masalah yang muncul adalah bagaimana penentuan jenis area komersial yang tepat pada kondisi lahan berkontur sehingga dapat menjadi rencana bagi pemerintah untuk menarik investor dan sebagai studi kasus bagi arsitek. Melalui metode penelitian terapan yang digunakan utamanya adalah tahapan eksplorasi obyek lahan dan solusi desain berupa pengumpulan data baik berupa kajian literatur, wawancara dan observasi lokasi menghasilkan beberapa identifikasi potensi. Identifikasi area komersial yang sesuai dengan karakter lahan berkontur adalah lahan parkir, restaurant atau cafe yang menyajikan keunikan hasil bumi lahan maupun sekitarnya, wisata alam seperti outbound, area menginap yang atraktif seperti rumah pohon maupun glam camp dan wisata edukasi.
EFFECT OF WEATHER FACTORS ON COCONUT AND COP PRODUCTION IN KERALA, INDIA
Authors: K Satyabalan
Published: May 2020

Studies made on the constituents of the coconut fruits harvested from West Coast Tall coconut palms grown under rainfed conditions during the different seasons of the year identified as hot weather season from March to May, southwest monsoon season from June to August, North east monsoon season from September to November and cold weather season from December to February in Kerala, India have indicated that the fruits harvested during the hot weather season arc smaller in size but more in number than those harvested during the other seasons of the year. They have low husk content but more kernel content resulting in more copra content per nut. Shell content also is high in these nuts. In the case of fruits harvested during other seasons of the year the number of nuts obtained is low. They are larger in size and have more husk content but less kernel and copra content per nut. The nut characteristics arc very much influenced by the weather conditions prevailing during the twelve month period of development from the fertilized flower to the mature nut. The studies also show that the effects of the season are not operating in the  same way or to the same extent on the different constituents of the fruit like husk, kernel, shell and copra. This is evident from the variation in the constituents of the fruit. The data indicate that maximum output of kernel, shell and copra are obtained from the palms during the hot weather season.
GENETIC AND SEASONAL VARIATION IN COCONUT PRODUCTION
Authors: K. SATYABALAN
Published: May 2020

Variation in the yield of nuts in the coconut palms due to genetic differences of the palms and seasonal effects in the West Coast Tall cultivarpalms grown in a well‑maintained estate in Kerala on the west coast of India was studied every month continuously for a period offive years. The varying yield capacity and bearing tendency noticed in the palms may be attributed to the genetic differences between the palms. The marked fluctuations in the yield of palms classified as high yielders‑ those which yield 80 nuts and above per palm per year and low yielders ‑ those which yield 10 nuts and above per palm per year, do not follow a specific trend as in the case of seasonal variations. The yield of nuts in 66 palms in the estate which comprised of all the three yield groups during the different seasons of the year identified in Kerala as Hot Weather Season during the months of March, April and May, Southwest Monsoon Season during the months of June, July and August, Northeast Monsoon Season during the months of September, October and November and Cold Weather Season during the months of December, January and February showed that high yields of the palms in all the three yield groups were obtained mainly during the Hot Weather Season of the year. This pattern of production due to seasonal influence is seen to persist year afteryear irrespective of the magnitude of the yield obtained, with minor variations. This is attributed to the cyclic influence of varying seasons in a year on the different critical stages of initiation and development of the inflorescence which takes about 32 months from its initiation to open ing and during the development of the nut which takes about 12 months to develop from a fertilized female flower. The palms in the high yield group exhibit only slight variation and maintain their high yields than those in the medium and low yield groups. Data on the yield of palms during a period of five years indicate that those palms which continuously yield 80 nuts and above per year regularly for at least four years turn out to be regular bearers and high yielders. They should, as far as possible be selected as mother palms for propagation.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE POST-REHABILITATION (FERTILIZATION) OF COCONUT IN SCFDP FARMS, PHILIPPINES
Authors: Severino S. Magat , Ph.D
Published: May 2020

Selected sample farms (79) under the Small Coconut Farms Development Project (SCFDP, Philippines) representing five (5) regions and nine (9) provinces were evaluated. The yield trends: (1) initial or benchmark; (2) during rehabilitation period (3-4 years); and (3) post-rehabilitation period (2) years were examined using the nut and copra yield estimation method of the PCA (MAGAT, 1995).

 

On nut yield, the benchmark average annual yield of 35 nuts/tree increased to 91 nuts/tree during the rehabilitation (rehab) period but dropped to 70 nuts/tree during the post-rehabilitation (post-rehab) period or two (2) years without fertilizer application. This 160% increase in nut production (1995) followed by a reduction of 23% at the post-rehab period is indicative of a moderate to strong residual fertilizer effect after the significant rehabilitation of palms by fertilizer application (supplying mainly N, K, Cl and S fertilizer nutrients). On copra yield, the pre-rehabilitation annual copra yield of 0.94 t ha reached 3.01 t/ha during the rehab period, followed by a drop to 2.21 t/ha at post-rehab. The copra yield increase of 220% during the rehab (1995) is mainly due to the increase in nut yield and nut size or copra weight per nut. An average reduction of 27% during the post- rehab period was observed but in some areas the yield of palms dropped close to pre-rehabilitation nut and copra levels, suggesting lower degree of fertilizer residual effects compared to other coconut regions.

 

Implications of findings in relation to the rehabilitation by judicious fertilization of low-yielding, nutritionally-deficient non­-senile palms are discussed.
COCONUT BREEDING: IDENTIFICATION OF PARENTS IN MALAYAN YELLOW DWARF AND TALL CULTIVARS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PROMISING DWARF FEMALE x TALL MALE HYBRIDS
Authors: K. Satyabalan
Published: May 2020

Results of a study made on the nut and copra characters of Malayan Yellow Dwarf palms and of the local Tall cultivars to select the parents which could combine well, when Malayan yellow Dwarf palms as pistillate parents are crossed with Tall cultivars as pollen parents are presented in this paper. In this study Malayan yellow Dwarf palms were classified into four groups based mainly on nut characters like shell and copra content which are fairly stable characters. The Tall cultivars were classified into five groups based mainly on the copra content per nut. Correlation studies made on the important characters of the nut in the Dwarf and Tall cultivars indicated significant correlations between the stable characters shell, kernel and copra. Based on this relationship it may be possible to identify palms in both which could combine well when Malayan Yellow Dwarf as pistillate parent is crossed with the Tall as pollen parent. The study has indicated that it may be preferable to select Malayan Yellow Dwarf palms which produce nuts which have a low shell content (less than 17 percent of husked nut weight) and yield a copra content of more than 150g per nut as pistillate parent and Tall palms which yield nuts of low husk content (less than 50 percent of the weight of fruit) and a high copra content of 200g or more per nut as pollen parent. The combining ability of the parents could be ascertained form xenia studies before taking up crossing work. Individual palms from both the cultivars which can combine well can be identified and utilized for the production of a large number of hybrid seedlings in a short time.
COCONUT EMBRYO CULTURE: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE THRUST
Authors: M.K. Nair  , Anita Karun
Published: May 2020

The safe movement of plant genetic materials has a major concern for many countries in the world. Collecting and exchange of coconut germplasm is difficult and not economic because of the bulkiness of the seed. Moreover, due to short dormancy, the seeds germinate rapidly and thus cannot be stored for more time in a germplasm expedition. Phytosanitary restrictions too severely limit the germplasm introduction.  Standardization of embryo culture technique provides an easy and safe alternative for the movement of coconut germplasm and is emphasized in the technical guidelines of FAO/IPGRI (Diekmann, 1997). In vitro culture protocols for coconut zygotic embryos have been established by various coconut research institutes in Cote d’Ivoire, France, India, the Philippines and Sri Lanka (Engelmann, 1998). An embryo culture protocol broadly consisted of at least five components, viz., field collection of embryos, in vitro active storage, in vitro retrieval, ex vitro establishment of plantlets and finally the field establishment.  A detailed description of each of these components together with a comparison among different embryo culture protocols developed at various laboratories, applications made for coconut germplasm collection and development required in the future are provided here.
PEST PROBLEMS OF COCONUT HYBRID PRODUCTION IN INDONESIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SCDP
Authors: Dante R.A. Benigno, PhD.  , Ir. Soetardjo Soewarno
Published: May 2020

SCDP is a World Bank and Government of Indonesia fundect project managed by the Directorate General of Estates of the Mi­nistry of Agriculture. This project is responsbile for the planting of coconut hybrids as well as local talls, but mostly hybrids. Since 1981 to date, some 22,000 ha have already been planted to hybrids in 70 coconut working centers (CWC) widely scattered in 6 provinces such as Aceh, Lampung, South Sulawesi, Central Su­lawesi, North Sulawesi, and Maluku (Fig.1).
A REVIEW OF THE TROPICAL DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE COCONUT INDUSTRY
Authors: D. ADAIR  , J.H. BROADBENT
Published: May 2020

The Tropical Development and Research Institute (TDRI) was formed on l April 1983 by the amalgamation of the Tropical Products Institute (TPI) and the Centre for Overseas Pest Re­search (COPR). The Institute has a long history of providing assistance and advice to developing countries in post‑harvest aspects of food and other agricultural commodities, which include the many products dexived from the coconut. This review covers the Institute's work over the last ten years and illustrates the wide range of interests concerning coconuts. These cover research and development on dehusking and processing projects, economic studies for the establishment of new coconut‑based industries, and technological improvements for the manufacture of charcoal from coconut shell.
COCONUT MARKETING: ISSUES FOR A THREATENED INDUSTRY
Authors: GEOFFREY BASTIN
Published: May 2020

The coconut industry is under pressure from low world oil‑seed prices and the increased availability of palm kernels. This paper reviews market conditions in the lauric sub‑sector, describes the marketing channels for copra and coconut oil, and sets out details of significant issues for the future. It concludes that the industry must take urgent steps to (a) improve the flow of market information, (b) develop cost saving means of production which lead to a range of items, and (c) investigate new markets for non­-traditional products.
EXPORT FLOOR PRICES IN COCONUT PRODUCTS SRI LANKA EXPERIENCE
Authors: R. MALIGASPE
Published: May 2020

Export Floor Prices for Coconut Products appear to have been introduced in Sri Lanka initially in the late 1960s. Maximising of foreign exchange earnings and prevention of under‑invoicing by shippers especially under a tight trade and exchange system at that time and also possible expectation of higher proceeds to millers and coconut producers, appear to have been the main considerations when Export Floor Prices were introduced for most of these Products.
MARINE EXPOSURE TESTS OF COCONUT TIMBER
Authors: R. N. Palomar
Published: May 2020

Marine exposure tests of sawn coconut lumber were carried out for three years to determine the resistance, of treated coconut timber to marine borers.

 

The test panels measuzing 50 mm x 100 mm x 450 mm, were installed in sea water between October, 1981 and September, 1984. Results showed three promising treatments. These were the vacuum/pressure method using chromated copper arsenate, the modifted double diffusion treatment employing mixture of copper adphate, sodium dichromate and arsenic pentoxide, and the hot and cold bath treatment with coal tar creosote. The specimens treated by these preservative systems showed trace or slight sur­face infestation while the untreated wood panels indicated from deep and extensive infestation to failure due to attack of marine borers.

 

The perfomance of the treated medium density specimens appeared to be inferior than the hard samples indicating that only the latter materials should be used for marine structures.
A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF A SMALL SCALE COCONUT OIL EXPELLER OPERATION IN THE COOK ISLANDS
Authors: J. C. Barrett T W. Hammonds  , R. V. Harris
Published: May 2020

Small‑scale processing of copra was demonstrated to be technically feasible and potentially very profitable in the Cook Islands using equipment comprising a copra chopper, a screw press and a filter press. At through‑puts close to 65 kg per hour, yields of cia­rified oil and copra cake were around 55 per cent and 40 per cent respectively, on a weight basis. A consumer survey indicated that coconut oil could be marketed as a cooking oil to substitute for imported vegetable oils; potential use in soap manufacture was also identified, while copra cake was readily marketed for animal feeding. For an initial establishment cost of just under NZS 100,000 the f‑mancial internal rate of return for investment in small‑scale copra processing in the Cook Islands, provided that all output can be marketed, is calculated as 49 per cent, which is very attractive. Prospects for the success of similarventures at locations elsewhere in the Pacific are promising.
ASPECTS OF COPRA PRODUCTION AND MARKETING IN VANUATU
Authors: Martin R Fowler
Published: May 2020

Coconuts occupy the largest area under any crop in Vanuatu and provide employment and incomes for the majority of the rural population; copra exports have provided far and away the most important source of foreign exchange earnings during most of the past one hundred years, and their position remains paramount. Copra exports also provide an important source of Go­vernment revenue; and. finally, coconuts are an important compo­nent of the national diet.

 

Given the fundamental importance of the coconut subsector to the economic life of the country, a deeper understanding of its recent and projected evolution is essential for macro‑economic policy formulation.
AN ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR COCONUT SMALLHOLDER SECTOR IN SRI LANKA
Authors: NIMAL A. FERNANDO  , SUMITH de SILVA
Published: May 2020

This paper briefly outlines several important characteristics of the coconut sector in Sri Lanka and provides a theoretical rationale for state intervention in terms of a special smallholder development strategy in the coconut sector. It points out that the current geneml development strategy of the Ministry of Coconut Industries which relies heavily on provision of development subsidies for selected capital development activities is inadequate to deal with the development problems confronted by the sector in geneml and particularly by the resource‑poor smallholders. Finally, a two‑tier development strategy is proposed for the sector with heavy focus on the smallholders with a poor resource base.
EXPOSURE TESTS OF SURFACE TREATED SAWN COCONUT TIMBER
Authors: R.N. Palomar  , P. Jensen  , V.K. Sulc
Published: May 2020

An investigation was made to determine the relative performance of three readily available inorganic chemicals containing either copper or chromium when applied singly or in combination to sawn coconut timber surfaces. The treating solutions, consisting of chromic acid (H2CrO4) sodium chromate (Na2CrO4) and copper sulphate (CuSO4), were applied by trush to wood surfaces with one coating at the rate of approximately 155 grams per square meter. The specimens were exposed outdoors on racks inclined at 450 angle and facing south.

 

            Results after 3 years of test showed that treatments with mixture of H2CrO4 and CuSO4 or combination of Na2CrO4 and CO4 performed better than single application of either H2Cr4 or Na2CrO4. The former treatments still showed uniform and pleasing appearance after the exposure period.
THE BATCH CARBONISATION OF COCONUT SHELL WITH WASTE HEAT RECOVERY
Authors: G R Breag  , H C Coote  , A C Hollingdale
Published: May 2020

Technology developed by ODNRI for waste heat recovery during carbonisation of coconut shell has been succesfully adopted by the desiccated coconut industry in Sri Lanka. The initial development and design of the unit has been described elsewhere (Breag et al, 1984) and also the broader issues of the technology in relation to the Sri Lankan coconut industry have been examined (Breag et al. 1985). In the five year period since the first prototype trial was carried out, the Coconut Development Authority, Sri Lanka assisted by ODNRI, has disserninated knowledge of the techno­logy and promoted manufacture of the equipment. At this time there are 15 units installed of the basic 8M3 capacity system and a prototype 16m3 capacity unit has been commissioned recently. The units are manufactured by a number of local companies and are now being supplied to mill owners on a purely commercial basis. This paper provides a cost benefit financial analysis for the standard 8m3 capacity unit using the data acquired from accumulated,operating experience.
ROOF AND SIDE WALL SHINGLES FROM COCONUT PALM WOOD
Authors: V.K. Sulc
Published: May 2020

In a number of coconut palm growing countries, thatched roofs made from indigenous materials such as palm leaves and from suitable tropical grasses such as Imperata cylindirca L. (Cogon) are traditionally used. The most suitable and durable among the palms appear to be the mature leaves of nipa palm. Depending on the quality of leaves and thickness of layers, the serviceable life span of thatched roof is approxi­malely 5 to 8 years, coconut palm leaves are one of the poorest materials for roofing of permanent dwelling. They easily become brittle when dry and break into bits during rain and wind.
THINKING ABOUT COCONUT BREEDING PROGRAMMES
Authors: Hugh C. Harries
Published: May 2020

The following text is based on coconut breeding experience in Jamaica, Thailand and Papua New Guinea, as well as on working visits to many (but by no means all) coconut growing countries. The ideas expressed are those of the author, but they have benefited from an open exchange of views with coconut breeding colleagues, research workers, extension officers, agricultural economists and others. Perhaps coconut farmers themselves have not been fully consulted, but the reason for this will be explained in the concluding section. To some extent, this article is a statement of intent concerning future coconut breeding work, particularly where serious disease and difficult growing conditions require more to be done than simply the introduction and multiplication of F, hybrids.
COCONUT GENETIC RESOURCES
Authors: Dr. M. K. NAIR
Published: May 2020

It is presurned that the generic name, Cocos as well as the popular name coconut are derived from the spanish word ‘coco’ meaning ‘monkey face’ probably a reference to the three sears on the base of the shell resembling a monkey's face (Rosengarten, 1984). The origin of coconut was placed by Martius (1850) on the West Coast of Central America near the Isthmus of Panama. On the basis of evidences for the cultivation of coconut in Sri Lanka by about 300 BC. as well as the discovery of a fossil (Pliocene) Cocos in Newzealand (Hill, 1929) and in the deserts of Rajasthan (Kaul, 1951) the theory of Central American origin has been contested. Early spanish explorers discovered the cultivation of coconut on the Pacific.Coast of Panama in pre‑Columbian times. The first report of appearance of coconut in Western Mexico came around 1540 AD and it is believed to have spread to Mexico in the last decade of the 16th century (Bruman, 1945). It is presurned that coconut might have been carried to Mexico by ocean currents from Polynesia before the discovery of the New World (Purseglove, 1972). The available evidences point to the domestication of coconut in the Indo‑Pacific area (de Candolle, 1886; Beccari, 1917; Vavilov, 1951; Corner, 1966; Child, 1974). According to the most widely accepted theory, the origin of coconut is in the Old World, somewhere in Southeast Asia or the Pacific Islands from where it might have been transported to other regions either by man or by sea currents. Evidences are available in literature regarding the germination capacity of coconut even after floating in the sea for a period of 110 days and within this period it is capable of travelling up to 4,900 kilometers (Edmondson, 1941). It indicates the possibility of natural dissernination between the islands in the Pacific and Indian Oceans (Harries, 1978).
THE ECONOMICS OF COCONUT REPLANTING AND ASSOCIATED CROPPING (IN FIJI)
Authors: Dr. PATRICK MUMA
Published: May 2020

The importance of coconut stems primarily from its being an export crop. Coconut largely constitutes a crop of convenience in the basically agricultural, mainly subsistence, essentially rural‑based economy of Fiji. It provides a basic dietary component and a source of cash income to meet social responsibilities, and employment opportunities in the various areas in which it is grown. Indeed, after sugar, coconut oil is Fiji's second most important agricultural export.
PROSPECTS FOR THE EXPANSION OF THE WORLD MARKER FOR DESICCATED COCONUT
Authors: G.A. HONE  , A.D. JOHNSON  , A.D. MARTER  , W.H. TIMMINS
Published: May 2020

The world market for desiccated coconut (DC) is examined within a supply and demand framework. Production and marketing arrange­ments within DC producing countries are analysed, in addition to consumption trends in the major DC markets of Europe and North America. The prospects for expanding the DC market are then considered, and some potential is found in amas such as: research and development, product promotion and‑markethig strategy.
BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND NODULATION OF GREEN MANURE LEGUMES IN COCONUT BASINS IN LATERITE SOIL AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON SOIL FERTILITY
Authors: G.V. Thomas  , M.V. Shantaram
Published: May 2020

Biomass production, nitrogen yield and nodulation by ten species of green manure legumes were compared in coconut basins in a root (wilt) affected garden under laterite soil type. Pueraria phaseoloides, Calopogonium mucunoides and Mimosa invisa were superior to others and yielded 28.45, 27.21 and 24.97 kg of biomass and 196.2, 186.5 and 187.6 g of nitrogen basin-1, respectively. The performance of Mucuna bracteata Crotalaria juncea and Macroptilium atropurpureum were also better with a biomass production of 16‑21 Kg basin-1 and nitrogen yield of 108‑140 g basin-1. Incorporation of green manures obtained from C. mucunoides, P. phaseoloides and M. invisa resulted in an increase in the level of major nutrients viz. N, P and K in coconut basin soils. Mineralisation of carbon was also greater in green manured coconut basin soils when compared to that in control. The increase in nutrient levels and mineralisation of carbon was more in treated basins at 30 days of incorporation of green manures when compared to the levels before the harvest of the legumes and at 60 days of incorporation.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW COST SEMI DIRECT TYPE COPRA DRYER
Authors: Eutiquio E. Sudaria
Published: May 2020

Coconut farmers in the Philippines use different types of copra dryer in copra processing. Copra quality and income are very much affected by the type of dryer used. In the country, there are indirect, direct, and semi‑direct type dryers. The common types of dryer used by the coconut farmers especially in the Visayas are direct and semi‑direct ones. There is high probability of the direct dryer together with the copra in getting burned because the firing place is directly under the drying platform where the coconut meat is placed. Especially if the meat is reaching 10% or lower moisture content where oil is coming out and the fire is immediately under it. Semi‑direct type dryer is quite comfortable to use having the less probability of burning the copra and the dryer because the firing place is away from the drying platform. The firing place is only linked to the drying platform by a tunnel.
STUDIES ON HIDARI IRAVA LEAF CONSUMPTION IN RELATION TO WARNING SYSTEM IN THE CONTROL OF THE COCONUT PEST
Authors: Wily A. Baringbing  , Bariyah Baringbing
Published: May 2020

Two‑month laboratory and field experiments were carried out to investigate amount of leaflet consumed by the leaf‑eating caterpillar. Hidari irava Moore, during the larval stadium in an effort to determine the right time to control the pest chemically. The experiment was conducted in Pakuwon Experimental Garden, West Java, Indonesia in 1990. A total of 70 larvae of the hesperiid were reared in laboratory. Mature coconut leaflets replaced daily with fresh material. Were cut arid measured for food of the caterpillars in glass containers.

 

Fifty mature hybrid coconuts, Malayan Red Dwarf (MRD) x West African Tall (WAT), were studied to calculate the leaflet weight of each leaf. A leaf was cut from each palm. There were 50 leaves used altogether.

 

Results of the study showed that a single larva, from the second to fifth instars, consumed 13.90 g coconut leaflet. Weight of leaflets per leaf was 2,562.79 g and 66,455.29 g per tree. A population of 18.43 larvae per leaf caused 10% damage to the crown of a palm tree.
DETERMINANTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN HEALTH TOURISM ENTERPRISES
Authors: Szymańska Elżbieta , Panfiluk Eugenia
Published: May 2020

The research problem is the implementation of technological innovations in health tourism services.
The main purpose of the paper is diagnosing determinants of technological innovativeness of enterprises that provide health
tourism services. Two detailed objectives were laid down – specifically, an indication of these determinants in respect of
the range and type of a technological innovation. The methods applied in the research are: Delphi method, comparative analysis,
the range method and the standardised interview method. In order to indicate determinants the following research techniques
were used: Kruskal - Wallis test, factor analysis, analysis of medium-rank test, Spearman’s rank order correlation test.
The primary result is diagnosing determinants affecting technological innovativeness of the subjects under study which are:
quality of endogenous human capital of the surveyed entities and inflow of external information. The research is of
ground-breaking nature since until now, technological innovations in health tourism have not been described in economy
literature. The results have an impact on the development of economics and management sciences, contributing to the development
of innovation theory and enterprise management. Moreover, the results potentially contribute to the practical aspect by means
of their application by practitioners – organisers of health tourism.
THE SYNCHRONISATION BETWEEN FINANCIAL AND BUSINESS CYCLES: A CROSS SPECTRAL ANALYSIS VIEW
Authors: Škare Marinko , Porada-Rochoń Małgorzata
Published: May 2020

Our study bridges the gap between in previous research on the synchronization between financial and business cycles over a long period. Using the data for the UK from 1270 to 2016 we analyze the synchronization between financial and business cycles using spectral Granger causality (Breitung & Candelon, 2006). Our paper brings several important findings to the discussion on the financial and business cycle link. Our paper is the first one (to the best of our knowledge) that use data over a long period spanning several centuries. We use spectral analysis and advanced spectral analysis (SSA) and (MSSA) to study the relationship between financial and business cycles in the long run. Paper results show financial and business cycles series moves along over the medium-term spectrum. We find a strong link between the cyclical component in the output (real GDP series) and the cyclical component in the financial series (housing price, credit).