bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems and prospects of evolution of the relations between Germany and Turkey
Authors: Bulatov Gasan Islamovich , Abdalla Bashir Khamid , Khalil' Khussian Mokhammed
Published: December 2021

This article analyzes the concerns and prospects for the development of relations between Turkey and Germany based on the historical method and event study. The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that at the in the context of transition of the global political system from bilateral to multilateral model of world political landscape, Turkey’s political interests are focused on becoming one of the dominants in the Caucasus-Black Sea-Mediterranean region. The article discusses the complicated relations between Germany and Turkey. Special attention is given to the domestic political agenda of the two countries, their bilateral relations, as well as relations with the European Union. Various political parties in Germany, their outlook upon Germany-Turkey and EU-Turkey relations, positioning on the German Turks, and policy of the German governments are described from the perspective of historical approach to shed light on the key aspects of their attitude towards the “Turkish issue”. The article outlines the trends and prospects for the evolution of Germany-Turkey relations at the current stage of development of the world political-economic system. The conducted analysis relies on the authorial fundamental works, scientific publications, and historical documents on the history of Germany-Turkey relations. Using the three-tier analysis of bilateral visits of the representatives of both countries over the period from 2014 to 2020, the author places emphasis on the domestic political agenda of the two countries, bilateral relations between them, as well as their relations with the European Union.
The system of moral encouragement of personnel as the mechanism for improving labor efficiency and mitigating conflict manifestations in the sphere of social and labor relations (on the example of companies of the Republic of Bashkortostan)
Authors: Svinukhova Yuliya Nikolaevna
Published: December 2021

One of the key tasks at the current stage of development of the Russian society and its regional communities lies on only in modification of labor capital for increasing its quantitative and qualitative parameters, but also in improving the quality of social and labor environment, which prompts more effective implementation of the available labor capital and rise in labor productivity. The development of the system of moral encouragement of personnel is viewed as the condition for improving the social and labor environment of the company and the criterion satisfaction with the work life. The subject of this research is the system of moral encouragement of personnel as the mechanism for improving the labor efficiency and mitigating conflict manifestations in the sphere of social and labor relations. The empirical analysis is based on the state statistical data, as well as the sociological survey conducted by the Sector of Socio-Political Research of the Institute for Social and Economic Research of Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2021 in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The article also employs secondary data analysis. The author substantiates the need for implementation in the companies of the Republic of Bashkortostan of the flexible system of moral encouragement based on the principle of “social cafeteria” and differentiated mechanisms considering the social characteristics of employees (men, women, and employees with family responsibilities). It is revealed that the clash of career and family is one of the most relevant spheres of the emergence of tension and conflict in modern labor collectives regardless of the field of employment. Description is given to the relevant measures of moral encouragement of personnel, which imply the broadening of options to combine work with family and parenting responsibilities.
Female image in the Avar toponymy
Authors: Otsomieva Zabikhat Magomedovna
Published: December 2021

This article examines the female image within the national linguistic worldview based on the Avar toponymic lexicon. The subject of this research is the semantics of toponymic units with the content “characteristic of a woman”, methods of their formation and ability to reflect perception of the world of the Avar dialect speakers. The author explores the following aspect: 1) determination of the reasons for toponymization of female anthroponyms; 2) establishment of the role of the Avar anthroponymy in toponymic research; 3) clarification of the role of unit, which reflects different aspects of woman’s personality, that  determine behavior and lifestyle within the toponymy of Gergebilsky, Gumbetovsky, Kazbekovsky and Khunzakhsky districts of Dagestan. The conclusion is made that the experience of combining obtained and systematizing toponymic units for describing the representations on the female image contributes to the formation of geographical proper names. It emerged that toponymic lexemes reflect the transition from immanent linguistics, which studies language within and for itself, towards anthropocentric (or anthropophilic) linguistics, which focuses on the study of human with all the characteristics. The article examines the linguistic aspects of toponymy; analyzes and classifies toponymic units that contain female names, taking into account the semantics and peculiarities of their use. The acquired linguistic conclusions can be valuable for further research within the framework of studying female image in different aspects.
English-language dramaturgy in the context of discursive-communicative linguoaxiological approach: theoretical aspects
Authors: Starostina Yuliya Sergeevna
Published: December 2021

This article provides the results of the synoptic-theoretical analysis aimed at identification and examination of the fundamentals of linguoaxiological potential of the English-language dramaturgical discourse, which is the subject of this research. The object of is the discursive-communicative vectors of axiological linguistics as a relevant scientific trend that is in the process of development of its own theoretical platform. At this stage, within the designated subject area, the question of viable factual basis for discursive-communicative linguoaxiological interpretation remains unresolved, i.e., which language material is appropriate to use in elaboration of the leading theoretical provisions of the new scientific discipline. The novelty of this research consists in formulation and substantiation of the scientific solution aimed at filling the methodological lacunarity. The goal lies in mapping and systematization of the discursive-communicative characteristics of the English-language dramaturgy from the linguoaxiological perspective. Based on the acquired results, the author specifies the conceptual-terminological framework for studying dramaturgical discourse, as well as provides arguments that justify reference to the used language material. The author specifies the discursive-communicative characteristics that determine the linguoaxiological load of the English-language dramaturgical discourse. The conclusion is made that dramaturgical discourse has a complex linguopragmatic, linguocognitive, and linguoculturological nature, which contributes to the formation of its polyaspect linguoaxiological specifics. Dramaturgical discourse is also a unique structural-compositional formation, being a system of interacting subdiscourses, each of which is characterized by a variable degree of engagement in the systemic implementation of linguoaxiological potential. The dramaturgical dialogue, as the central dramaturgical subdiscourse, has a relatively independent set of properties, which nominate it as a space of heightened axiogeneity. The conducted research contributes to the formation of theoretical provisions of axiological linguistics at the modern stage of its development, as well as further clarification of this subject field.
Impersonalización, modalidad deóntica y discurso judicial: un estudio del modal δεῖ en Lisias
Authors: Fornieles Sánchez Raquel
Published: December 2021

Impersonalization is a communicative peculiarity of courtroom discourse and the modal verb δεῖ is one of the linguistic devices that encode it in Greek. Δεῖ expresses deontic modality, which includes directive value for the expression of orders and other directive speech acts. This paper offers a study of δεῖ in Lysias’ forensic speeches.
The Mediterranean Spearfish in Ancient Greek and Latin
Authors: Tadajczyk Konrad , Witczak Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the problem of identifying a Mediterranean fish called γλαῦκος in Ancient Greek and glaucus in Latin. It was a big and well-known fish living in the Mediterranean Sea. It appears in numerous literary sources of the classical (Greek and Roman) world. After analyzing all preserved attestations of the Greco-Latin ichthyonym, the authors of the present article suggest that this fish should be identified with the Mediterranean spearfish (Tetrapturus belone Rafinesque, 1810). It is possible that the fish name γλαῦκος/glaucus referred to the roundscale spearfish (Tetrapturus georgii R.T. Lowe, 1841) and also to the Atlantic white marlin (Kajikia albida Poey, 1860, syn. Tetrapturus albidus Poey, 1860).
A 3D deep learning approach to epicardial fat segmentation in non-contrast and post-contrast cardiac CT images
Authors: Siriapisith Thanongchai , Kusakunniran Worapan , Haddawy Peter
Published: December 2021

Epicardial fat (ECF) is localized fat surrounding the heart muscle or myocardium and enclosed by the thin-layer pericardium membrane. Segmenting the ECF is one of the most difficult medical image segmentation tasks. Since the epicardial fat is infiltrated into the groove between cardiac chambers and is contiguous with cardiac muscle, segmentation requires location and voxel intensity. Recently, deep learning methods have been effectively used to solve medical image segmentation problems in several domains with state-of-the-art performance. This paper presents a novel approach to 3D segmentation of ECF by integrating attention gates and deep supervision into the 3D U-Net deep learning architecture. The proposed method shows significant improvement of the segmentation performance, when compared with standard 3D U-Net. The experiments show excellent performance on non-contrast CT datasets with average Dice scores of 90.06%. Transfer learning from a pre-trained model of a non-contrast CT to contrast-enhanced CT dataset was also performed. The segmentation accuracy on the contrast-enhanced CT dataset achieved a Dice score of 88.16%.
Overexpression of SKA3 correlates with poor prognosis in female early breast cancer
Authors: Zhong Yue , Zhuang Zhenjie , Mo Peiju , Lin Mandi , Gong Jiaqian , Huang Jiarong , Mo Haiyan , Lu Yuyun , Huang Mei
Published: December 2021

Background

Spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and the progression of various tumors. But the relationship between SKA3 and early breast cancer remains unclear. The study aimed to explore the prognostic significance of SKA3 in breast cancer.

Methods

In the study, SKA3 expression was initially assessed using the Oncomine database and The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). Then, we presented validation results for RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription PCR) and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The relationship between clinical characteristics and SKA3 expression was assessed by Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis were conducted to evaluate the prognostic value of SKA3. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to screen biological pathways using the TCGA dataset. Besides, single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was utilized to identify immune infiltration cells about SKA3.

Results

SKA3 mRNA was expressed at high levels in breast cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test showed SKA3 expression was related to age, tumor (T) classification, node (N) classification, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), molecular subtype, and race. RT-qPCR results showed that SKA3 expression was overexpressed in ER, PR status, and molecular subtype in Chinese people. Kaplan–Meier curves implicated that high SKA3 expression was related to a poor prognosis in female early breast cancer patients. Cox regression models showed that high SKA3 expression could be used as an independent risk factor for female early breast cancer. Four signaling pathways were enriched in the high SKA3 expression group, including mTORC1 signaling pathway, MYC targets v1, mitotic spindle, estrogen response early. Besides, the SKA3 expression level was associate with infiltrating levels of activated CD4 T cells and eosinophils in breast cancer.

Conclusion

High SKA3 expression correlates with poor prognosis and immune infiltrates in breast cancer. SKA3 may become a biomarker for the prognosis of breast cancer.
Orthodontic Diagnostic Tools and Material Usage in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Baidas Laila Fawzi , Alfaleh Lubna Faleh
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The evaluation of changes in orthodontic practice over the years, is essential for defining treatment efficacy. Accordingly, shedding light on the profile of orthodontic practice in Saudi Arabia is crucial. Aim: To investigate current trends in orthodontic practice in Saudi Arabia and the factors affecting choices regarding materials and techniques among orthodontists. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2019 to December 2019 at the College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. An electronic survey of 29 objective questions was sent to 1,500 orthodontic members of the Saudi Orthodontic Society. The survey collected demographic data, diagnostic records and information on the fixed orthodontic appliances used by the respondents. Frequency and percentages were calculated for all variables. Chi-square test was used to determine the effects of factors, including years of experience and place of work, on the choice of diagnosis protocol and fixed appliance material, with the significance set at p-value ≤0.05. Results: Two hundred and nine respondents completed the survey. The respondents reported a highly significant use of computers for digitising cephalometric analysis, with the traditional method of obtaining study models reported as highly significant (p<0.001). Orthodontists routinely used the MBT preadjusted bracket system (52.6%) and performed direct bonding of the bracket (91.4%). Bonding of the first molars was preferred by 36.4% of the clinicians. Glass ionomer cement was the most frequently used band cement (55.5%), and the most popular archwire material was nickel–titanium shape memory. Clinicians with less than five years of experience used significantly more postcephalometric radiographs (p=0.006) and postorthodontic treatment models (p=0.028). Senior orthodontists (10-15 years of experience) had a higher use of indirect bonding techniques (p=0.05). Conclusion: This study provides information on the relevant aspects of orthodontists in Saudi Arabia in terms of their individuality, training and techniques used. The findings can be used as a reference for future national surveys to evaluate changes in orthodontic practice in Saudi Arabia.
Correlation of Nutrition with Parental Literacy Status among School Going Adolescent Children in Telangana: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Subramanian Preethi , Dasari Sandhya , Devulapalli Srinath , Chitgupiker Sudharshan Raj
Published: December 2021

Introduction: National Family Health Survey-4 reports that 44.8% of boys and 41.9% of girls aged 15-19 are underweight. Globally, there is a lacuna of data on early adolescent children (10-14 years). Aim: To estimate the prevalence of malnutrition among school going adolescent children in Medchal, Telangana and also to assess the correlation between nutritional status of adolescent children and their parents’ literacy level and socio-economic class. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 1000 adolescent children aged between 10-16 years. Pilot study was conducted on 110 students to test the questionnaire comprising basic data and socio-demographic characteristics before starting the study. Weight and height were measured. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated and based on BMI, children were classified into undernutrition, normal, overweight and obese. Parental literacy was ascertained. Parents were divided into five categories of socio-economic class according to BG Prasad Classification. Primary endpoint measured was prevalence of malnutrition among adolescent children and secondary endpoint measured was correlation of mother’s and father’s literacy status with nutritional status which was ascertained using spearman’s rank correlation test. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: Prevalence of undernutrition and overnutrition (overweight and obesity) was 48.5% and 4.6% respectively. There was statistically significant (p=0.046) difference between boys and girls with respect to prevalence of undernutrition and overnutrition. Majority of undernourished boys (49.1%) and girls (46.8%) were 13-14 years old. Spearman’s rank coefficient (rho-ρ) showed strong positive correlation between nutrition and socio-economic class (ρ:0.706) with moderate and weak correlation seen for mothers’ education (ρ:0.425) and fathers’ educational status (ρ:0.333), respectively. Conclusion: Undernutrition remains to be a common problem among early adolescents. Socio-economic class and literacy level of parents play significant role in nutrition of adolescents. At school level, adolescent children and their teachers need to be empowered to understand better about the necessity and impact of maintaining a normal nutritional status on their future health.
Association of Human Leukocyte Antigen- Cw6 in Psoriasis Patients with Disease Severity and Morphological Patterns: A Cross-control Study in a Tertiary Care Referral Centre in Eastern India
Authors: Behra Akhilesh , Chatterjee Gobinda , Chandra Aditi , Chatterjee Raghunath
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Psoriasis is a multifactorial disorder in which genetic and environmental factors play an essential role in disease pathogenesis. The Human Leukocyte Antigen-Cw6 (HLA-Cw6) allele has shown the strongest genetic association with this condition across several populations studied. Aim: To estimate the risk of HLA-Cw6 association with psoriasis compared to the control group and its association with the severity of psoriasis expressed as Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score and morphological patterns. Materials and Methods: A cross-control study was conducted from March 2014 to February 2015 in a tertiary care centre in the eastern part of India. All patients who were diagnosed clinically as psoriasis and gave written informed consent were included in the study. Healthy controls were taken to compare the HLA-Cw6 after duly signing the informed consent for detailed history, clinical examination, PASI score, and digital photographs of lesions were taken. A blood sample was taken from patients and the control for HLA-Cw6 typing by sequence- specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Data was analysed by appropriate statistical test (Chi-square test) using R statistical software. Results: A total of 100 patients with psoriasis and 100 controls were recruited, of which 61 were positive for HLA-Cw6 among the psoriasis group and nine in the control group. Positivity of the HLA-Cw6 allele was significantly higher in psoriasis cases (n=61) compared to normal individuals (n=9) (p-value: 1.79×10-15, OR: 15.8148, 95% CI: 7.15-34.99). It was also observed that HLA-Cw6 positive individuals had a more severe form of the disease, determined by a PASI score >6 (p-value: 0.0494, OR: 2.22, 95% CI: 0.96-5.15), and significant involvement of scalp psoriasis (p-value: 0.0054, OR: 13.125, 95% CI: 1.55-111.42). However, no significant association of HLA-Cw6 was seen with positive family history, nail involvement, and joint pain (arthralgia). Conclusion: The HLA-Cw6 positivity was associated with a more severe form of disease and scalp psoriasis.
“INTERNATIONAL BANQUET” EM RONDÔNIA: EXPERIÊNCIA PEDAGÓGICA COM A LÍNGUA INGLESA NO IFRO, CAMPUS ARIQUEMES
Authors: Simões Robson Fonseca , Da Silva Isac Rocha
Published: December 2021

Este artigo procura contribuir para o debate tendo como foco as ações pedagógicas propositivas de inglês praticadas no Ensino Técnico-Médio do Instituto Federal de Rondônia. A pesquisa evidencia experiência educativa cujas produções são as reflexões iniciais de uma pesquisa de doutoramento em uma universidade rondoniense. Assume-se que o sujeito é social e se constitui nessa relação viva com os seres humanos, auxiliando na discussão sobre as práticas educativas com a língua inglesa e as linguagens em um ambiente plurilinguístico e sobre o diálogo entre os saberes interculturais na Região Norte brasileira. Marcuschi e Dionisio (2007), Bakhtin (1999) e Hall (2013) ajudam a refletir que os diálogos nascem nas práticas sociais, abrindo portas para novas ações educativas na última etapa da Educação Básica amazonense.
КОНСТРУИРОВАНИЕ И РАСЧЕТЫ ТРЕХМЕРНЫХ МИКРОЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ МОДУЛЕЙ С ВЫСОКОЙ СТЕПЕНЬЮ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ КОМПОНЕНТОВ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Чугунов Е.Ю. , Тимошенков С.П. , Погалов А.И. , Вертянов Д.В.
Published: December 2021

В статье представлены прогрессивные и эффективные решения по созданию трехмерных МЭМ с высокой степенью интеграции компонентов на основе гибких, а также кремниевых коммутационных плат. Обосновано применение компьютерно-интегрированного моделирования с использованием метода конечных элементов для конструирования и расчетов МЭМ в трехмерном исполнении. Выполнена аппроксимация конструкций и разработаны унифицированные компьютерные модели трехмерных МЭМ на основе метода конечных элементов, пригодные для изучения различных конструктивно-технологических вариантов изделий и воздействий на них. Проведено моделирование трехмерных МЭМ для изучения влияния свойств материалов, конструктивных параметров и внешних воздействий на напряженно-деформированное состояние и механическую прочность изделий. Даны рекомендации по конструированию трехмерных МЭМ с высокой степенью интеграции компонентов. Полученные результаты показали, что напряженно-деформированное состояние МЭМ определяется свойствами применяемых материалов и зависит от механической прочности и жесткости элементов и соединений, обусловленных модулями упругости материалов в сопряжениях. Для снижения напряжений в трехмерных МЭМ необходимо использование более жестких конструкционных материалов, обладающих близкими характеристиками прочности и несущей способности, а клеевые материалы выбирать, исходя из условий эксплуатации, характера и величины воздействий. Проведение инженерных расчетов с разработкой научно-технических рекомендаций по повышению устойчивости создаваемых изделий к внешним воздействиям позволяет конструировать трехмерные МЭМ с высокими тактико-техническими показателями, обеспечивая требуемые характеристики и надежность функционирования изделий.
3D Series Metal Complexes Containing Schiff Base Ligand with 2,2'-Bipyridine: Synthesis, Characterization and Assessment of Antifungal Activity
Authors: Kpomah B. , Ugbune U. , Idu T. E.
Published: December 2021

The rapid increase in the number of multidrug-resistant of most pathogenic organisms is fast becoming a global concern, thus, the discovery of novel active pharmacological compounds against new targets is a matter of urgency. The incorporation of metal ions into organic ligands has introduced metal-organic drugs framework with synergistic effects for novel applications in the biological system. In this research work, metal(II) chloride complexes of copper, nickel and zinc containing methylphenylketone thiosemicarbazone (MPK-TSC) with 2,2’-bipyridine (bipy) were synthesized; they were further characterized by satisfactory microelemental analysis, Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectra as well as electronic spectra study. The complexes are proposed to have the formulae [L1ML2(Cl2)] where M=metal ion, L1=methylphenylketone thiosemicarbazone   L2=2,2’-bipyridine. The complexes are of 1:2 (metal:ligand) stoichiometry and non-electrolytes in solution, the bidentate nature of the two ligands was evident from the FTIR spectra. The compounds were screened for their antifungal activity against four pathogenic fungi: Aspergillus niger, Penicillium Species, Rizopus and Candida albicans using disc diffusion method. The activities of the complexes have been found to be greater than those of the metal salts and the uncoordinated ligands.
Determination of Anti-Pseudomonal Activities of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Pod Husk using Time-Kill-Test and Agar-Well Diffusion Techniques
Authors: Azeez I. A. , Deji- Agboola A.M. , Owolabi S. L. , Boyejo A. O. , Issah A. O. , Buhari O. A. , Ikeola M. F.
Published: December 2021

Aim: To determine the antimicrobial effectiveness of cocoa pod husk against P. aeruginosa.

Study Design: An experimental research

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria, between June 2015 and Sept. 2016.

Materials and Methods: Seventy-seven (77) isolates of P. aeruginosa obtained from three (3) teaching hospitals were involved in this study. Cocoa pod husk was processed into crude extract and its effectiveness against the isolates of P. aeruginosa were examined using agar well diffusion, time-kill test techniques and Anova.

Results: The percentage susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to Cocoa pod husk at 500 mg/mL and 250 mg/mL inhibited all the P. aeruginosa but only 14.29% were sensitive at a lower concentration of 31.25 mg/mL. Moreover, the comparison between the broth micro and macro dilution method of determining the MIC of cocoa pod husk against P. aeruginosa highlighted a significant decrease in the mean MIC value of the broth micro dilution method when compared with the broth macro dilution technique (T=13.519, P<0.05). The time kill test emphasized that P. aeruginosa was killed at a lower concentration of 62.5mg/ml at 150mins of introduction in to the Cocoa pod husk suspension.

Conclusion: This study revealed that the Cocoa pod husk possesses antibacterial properties. An increase in the concentration of cocoa pod husk increased its antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, the broth micro dilution technique is sensitive for determining the anti-pseudomonal activity.
Determination of Terpenoid Profile in Dry Cannabis Flowers and Extracts Obtained from Different Cannabis Varietes
Authors: Serafimovska Tijana , Serafimovska Marija Darkovska , Mitevska Marija , Stefanovski Sasho , Keskovski Zlatko , Stefkov Gjoshe , Balkanov Trajan , Ribarska Jasmina Tonic
Published: December 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the terpenoid profile in dried cannabis flowers obtained from different varieties of cannabis plant and in cannabis extracts in order to investigate quantity of terpenes lost during extraction and purification process.

Methods: GC/MS method for determination of terpenes was verified. The concentration of terpenes was determined in dry flowers as raw material and in decarboxylated and distillated cannabis extracts, using the same GC/MS analytical method. The extraction was performed using 96% ethanol as a solvent.

Results: The obtained results indicate that dry cannabis flowers from different cannabis plant can be distinguished only by their terpenoid profile. The use of standardized cannabis-based extracts can be confirmed by determination of terpenoid profile. The purification process of the cannabis extracts removes terpenes. The percentage of major terpen beta-Myrcene decreased from 68% in dry flower to 15% in decarboxylated and, 1.9% in distillated cannabis oil after purification. The percentage of second major terpene alpha-Pinene decreased from 15% in dry flower to 5% in decarboxylated and, 0.7% in distillated cannabis oil after purification.

Conclusion: Terpenes act synergistically with cannabinoids. Following the monograph for quality testing of cannabis extracts in the German Pharmacopoeia, the purification process is necessary to achieve a final concentration of cannabinoids (Tetrahydrocannabinol) of more than 95% in the final active pharmaceutical ingredient. The purification process removes terpenes that have proven synergistically pharmacological effects with cannabinoids.
A Case Report on Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor
Authors: Madavi Sanket  V. , Gujar Samruddhi , Sharma Ranjana , Ankar Ruchira , Pohekar Savita , Sakharkar Sheetal , Tembhare Vaishali , Bokade Kanchan
Published: December 2021

Introduction: A germ cell is a type of Tumor that arises from germ cell (GCT). Germ cell tumors are both cancerous and benign. The gonads contains majority of germ cell (ovary and testis). GCT that arise outside the gonads could be the result of embryo devlopment errors.

Clinical Findings: Abdominal mass without pain, backache, and weight loss.

Diagnostic Evaluation: HCG and alphafetoprotein level in the blood identifying women with malignant ovarian germ cell tumor is beneficial. Serum alphafetoprotein and HCG is elevated as condition progress.

Therapeutic Intervention: Patient treated with inj. Bleomycin, inj. Cisplatin, inj.Etoposide, tab Pan 40 miligram and inj. Emset.

Conclusion: A 3year old female was admitted in AVBRH Sawangi Meghe wardha with the major complaint of right abdominal swelling for 6 month, both when they observed abdominal mass without pain and swelling was small in size and backache and weight loss.
Five Different Noise Intensities Robustly Affects Corticosterone, Gastrin and Endothelin-1 Responses and Initiated Gastric Tissue Damage in Wistar Rats
Authors: Mehra Ravinder Kumar , Prashad Mahesh , Sharma Dinesh Kumar , Kumar Prevesh
Published: December 2021

Likewise other stress response noise stress is also affects the homeostasis of the biological systems and produce stress response in the form of Corticosterone to prevent the damage but if the exposure is longer with higher magnitude it may disrupt the robust ability of the homeostasis and could produce the damage to the biological systems. The goal of our study was to see how five different noise intensities affected stomach tissue damage. 42 healthy rats were divided into five different stress exposure group, normal control (NC) and sham control (SC) groups. Noise stress exposure was delivered for 1 hour per day continued for 30 days in all five noise exposed groups by specially designed noise chamber whereas sham control group of animals kept in noise chamber for 1 hour per day continued for 30 days without noise stress exposure and control group of animals neither exposed to noise stress of any intensities and nor kept in noise chamber without noise but remain in the same experimental room in their homecage for 30 days respectively. Results of the study showed that animals exposed to 60 and 80 dB noise give habituated and not significant Corticosterone, Gastrin and Endothelin-1 responses compared to NC and SC groups while animals exposed to 100, 120 and 140 dB had significantly higher Corticosterone, Gastrin and Endothelin-1 response and also chronic gastric damage was observed compared to later two noise exposed groups respectively. Study concluded that not only higher but also lower noise intensities also initiated the gastric damage even after the adaptation.
Antibacterial Effect of Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Erwinia amylovora and Induction of Crop Growth
Authors: Jagathy K. , Lavanya K.
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are widely recognized as one of the most promising types of materials in a wide range of applications, including agriculture.  Modern systemic efforts have identified several therapeutically active microalgae-derived compounds, including phenols, flavonoids and others. The antibacterial properties of the phenolic substances were demonstrated. Hence, the present study aims to exhibit the antibacterial activity of the bioactive compound capped silver nanoparticles under in vitro conditions.

Methods: Bioactive compound separated by Solid-phase Extraction method. Dispersible Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the bioactive compound as the major capping agent. Zinc nitrate was used as starting material and its reduction was carried by phenolic components of Spirulina platensis aqueous extract from Zn2+ to ZnO.  The synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles are characterized by H1 NMR spectroscopy. Conjugated nanoparticles are characterized physically by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. SEM demonstrated particle sizes in the range 10–15 nm. ZnO nanoparticles demonstrated antibacterial activity against an isolated plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora. Time kill determination assay was done.

Findings: Phenols obtained after Solid Phase Extraction. Hence, this was regarded as the maximum quantified bioactive compound of Spirulina platensis. H1 NMR spectroscopy analyses showed the presence of phenolic compounds and alcohols groups of long chain were also detected. In SEM analysis, the mean diameter of spherical Phenols-ZnOPs is less than 15 nm surrounded by the capping agent. In given time periods of 4, 8, 16, and 24 hour cells, concentrations of 1000µg/mL were 42 %, 33 %, 20 %, and 18 %. At 500 µg/mL of extract concentration, Spirulina platensis inhibited 50% bacterial proliferation (IC50) of Erwinia amylovora. A significant inhibitory effect (p<0.0001) was seen against the plant pathogenic strain.

Novelty: In addition to their antibacterial activities, biosynthesized ZnO-NPs are thought to show promise efficacy as growth accelerators. The most dangerous bacterial disease of pear and apple trees is fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora. Phenolic capped ZnO-NPs have been found to be efficient plant pathogen antagonists.
DE LA CONSOLIDACIÓN DE LA TERCERIZACIÓN A LA PROBLEMÁTICA DEFINICIÓN DE EMPRESA EN CHILE
Authors: Pérez Sepúlveda Sebastián
Published: December 2021

La definición de empresa es un prisma clave desde el cual analizar el fenómeno complejo de la tercerización. El artículo aborda esta problemática desde el caso chileno, donde la definición de empresa ocupa un lugar central en la legislación laboral, con consecuencias sociales y políticas determinantes para el mundo del trabajo. El artículo está organizado en dos secciones. La primera sección analiza el proceso de consolidación y regulación de la tercerización en el país. A partir de esto marco general, la segunda sección aborda más precisamente la definición de empresa y sus alcances a la luz de la realidad contemporánea de la tercerización en Chile.
RESPOSTAS JUDICIAIS À TERCEIRIZAÇÃO: debates e tendências recentes
Authors: Grillo Sayonara , De Lacerda Carelli Rodrigo
Published: December 2021

O artigo examina as respostas às demandas que envolvem a terceirização no cenário pós-reforma trabalhista. Os julgamentos do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) – que rechaçou as alegações de inconstitucionalidade da legislação, declarou a licitude da terceirização e superou a distinção entre atividades empresariais acessórias e finalísticas – colocaram um ponto final no debate judicial? Utilizando os procedimentos metodológicos de levantamento jurisprudencial e análise documental, com mapeamento de ações julgadas no último biênio, examinamos os argumentos nos litígios, investigando acerca da modificação em padrões decisórios. A pesquisa conclui que as controvérsias sobre fraudes em terceirização permanecem em disputa na Justiça do Trabalho, submetida ao controle do Supremo, que apresenta posições contraditórias em relação a esse aspecto. Outro achado da pesquisa é que o requisito da “capacidade econômica” está ausente do debate. A emergência de questões fáticas, as fricções entre a Justiça do Trabalho e o Supremo e os argumentos sobre responsabilidade empresarial apontam para a persistência de disputas na arena judiciária mesmo após o novo marco regulatório.
Resistências dos pobres nos bairros populares de Salvador e o Período Popular da História
Authors: Dias Clímaco
Published: December 2021

O artigo aqui apresentado baseia-se em uma pesquisa que fiz para a minha tese de doutorado, em 2017, que buscou uma empiria para a proposição de Milton Santos a respeito do período popular ou demográfico da história, através da qual argumenta que sua existência se dá como a oposição ao período da globalização atual apoiado no meio técnico-científico-informacional. O Período Popular estaria ancorado, principalmente, na comunicação dos pobres das grandes cidades dos países do Terceiro Mundo. A proposição que fiz, na pesquisa citada, é que uma das formas de comunicação a se cristalizar são as relações de vizinhança e parentesco dos pobres em bairros populares de Salvador e, para isso, identifiquei dezenas de práticas e trago algumas no presente artigo. Desenvolvi um conceito territorial de pobre, o qual não está vinculado estritamente à renda familiar, mas incorpora elementos de condição cidadã. Os conceitos de bairro popular e de aglomerados de bairros também são algo que assumo a autoria, embora reconheça as fortes influências de autores seminais nessas formulações. Outra questão trazida é que, para se entender a existência de dois períodos históricos, em uma mesma temporalidade, é preciso incorporar a geografia como instância da análise social.
The chromatin repressors EZH2 and Suv4‐20h coregulate cell fate specification during hippocampal development
Authors: Chang Kai‐Chun , Rhodes Christopher T. , Zhang Jesse Q. , Moseley Madeleine C. , Cardona Sandra M. , Huang Shu‐Wei Angela , Rawls Ashley , Lemmon Vance P. , Berger Mitchel S. , Abate Adam R. , Lin Chin‐Hsing Annie
Published: December 2021

The cell fate transition from radial glial‐like (RGL) cells to neurons and astrocytes is crucial for development and pathological conditions. Two chromatin repressors—the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 and suppressor of variegation 4‐20 homolog—are expressed in RGL cells in the hippocampus, implicating these epigenetic regulators in hippocampal cell fate commitment. Using a double knockout mouse model, we demonstrated that loss of both chromatin repressors in the RGL population leads to deficits in hippocampal development. Single‐nuclei RNA‐Seq revealed differential gene expression and provided mechanistic insight into how the two chromatin repressors are critical for the maintenance of cycling cells in the dentate gyrus as well as the balance of cell trajectories between neuronal and astroglial lineages.
Optimised expression and purification of RBP4 and preparation of anti‐RBP4 monoclonal antibody
Authors: Li Hui , He Xiao , Wen Sha , Yang Lichao , Chen Qiuli , Li Yasi , Huang Shiping , Huang Xuejing , Wan Fengjie , He Min
Published: December 2021

The expression level of retinol‐binding protein 4 (RBP4) protein is closely related to liver damage and plays an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. However, the preparation of anti‐RBP4 mAb or exploration on the application of anti‐RBP4 mAb has not been reported thus far. In the present study, we constructed a pET30a‐RBP4 recombinant vector, used E. coli BL21 (DE3) as the vector to express the RBP4 recombinant protein and prepared anti‐RBP4 mAb using hybridoma technology. We performed immunohistochemical analysis on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and adjacent tissues by using this anti‐RBP4 mAb. In addition to the high‐purity RBP4 recombinant protein, we successfully developed the anti‐RBP4 mAb with high affinity and specificity; it binds to natural RBP4 protein and is suitable for immunohistochemical analysis.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Stereo‐ and Enantioselective Cross‐Coupling of gem‐Difluoroalkenes with Carbon Electrophiles by C−F Bond Activation
Authors: Zhu Ziqi , Lin Lin , Xiao Jieshuai , Shi Zhuangzhi
Published: December 2021

Stereo‐ and enantioselective cross‐electrophile coupling involving C−F bond activation is reported. Treatment of gem‐difluoroalkenes with racemic benzyl electrophiles in the presence of a chiral nickel complex using B2pin2 as a stoichiometric reductant allows the construction of a C(sp2)−C(sp3) bond under mild conditions, affording a broad range of monofluoroalkenes bearing stereogenic allylic centers. Initial mechanistic studies indicate that a radical chain pathway may be operating, wherein the ester group in the gem‐difluoroalkene promotes C−F bond activation through oxidative addition to a Ni species.
Gene Fusion and Directed Evolution to Break Structural Symmetry and Boost Catalysis by an Oligomeric C−C Bond‐Forming Enzyme
Authors: Xu Guangcai , Kunzendorf Andreas , Crotti Michele , Rozeboom Henriëtte J. , Thunnissen Andy‐Mark W. H. , Poelarends Gerrit J.
Published: December 2021

Gene duplication and fusion are among the primary natural processes that generate new proteins from simpler ancestors. Here we adopted this strategy to evolve a promiscuous homohexameric 4‐oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4‐OT) into an efficient biocatalyst for enantioselective Michael reactions. We first designed a tandem‐fused 4‐OT to allow independent sequence diversification of adjacent subunits by directed evolution. This fused 4‐OT was then subjected to eleven rounds of directed evolution to give variant 4‐OT(F11), which showed an up to 320‐fold enhanced activity for the Michael addition of nitromethane to cinnamaldehydes. Crystallographic analysis revealed that 4‐OT(F11) has an unusual asymmetric trimeric architecture in which one of the monomers is flipped 180° relative to the others. This gene duplication and fusion strategy to break structural symmetry is likely to become an indispensable asset of the enzyme engineering toolbox, finding wide use in engineering oligomeric proteins.
Photoredox‐katalysierte defluorierende Funktionalisierungen von polyfluorierten aliphatischen Amiden und Estern
Authors: Ye Jian‐Heng , Bellotti Peter , Heusel Corinna , Glorius Frank
Published: December 2021

Die selektive C‐F‐Bindungsfunktionalisierung von Perfluoralkyl‐Einheiten birgt ein großes Potenzial für den Zugang zu funktionalisierten fluororganischen Verbindungen, stellt jedoch aufgrund der hohen C‐F‐Bindungsstärke und den damit verbundenen Selektivitätsproblemen eine Herausforderung dar. Wir berichten über einen neuen katalytischen Ansatz zur selektiven Funktionalisierung der starken C‐F‐Bindungen in polyfluorierten aliphatischen Estern und Amiden. Diese einfache Reaktion verläuft mild und operativ und mit divergenten Umsetzungen, einschließlich Hydrodefluorierung, Defluoralkylierung und Defluoralkenylierung, die eine Vielzahl von wichtigen teilfluorierten Motiven liefern. Unkomplizierte nachgeschaltete chemische Umsetzungen zu fluorierten Alkoholen, Aminen und Arzneimittelderivaten unterstreichen die Relevanz der Transformation.
A Carbene Strategy for Progressive (Deutero)Hydrodefluorination of Fluoroalkyl Ketones
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Zhang Xinyu , Song Qingmin , Sivaguru Paramasivam , Wang Zikun , Zanoni Giuseppe , Bi Xihe
Published: December 2021

Hydrodefluorination is one of the most promising chemical strategies to degrade perfluorochemicals into partially fluorinated compounds. However, controlled progressive hydrodefluorination remains a significant challenge, owing to the decrease in the strength of C−F bonds along with the defluorination. Here we describe a carbene strategy for the sequential (deutero)hydrodefluorination of perfluoroalkyl ketones under rhodium catalysis, allowing for the controllable preparation of difluoroalkyl‐ and monofluoroalkyl ketones from aryl‐ and even alkyl‐substituted perfluoro‐alkyl ketones in high yield with excellent functional group tolerance. The reaction mechanism and the origin of the intriguing chemoselectivity of the reaction were rationalized by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Ordered PtFeIr Intermetallic Nanowires Prepared through a Silica‐Protection Strategy for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Yang Zhaojun , Yang Hongzhou , Shang Lu , Zhang Tierui
Published: December 2021

Developing efficient and stable Pt‐based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is a way to promote the large‐scale application of fuel cells. Pt‐based alloy nanowires are promising ORR catalysts, but their application is hampered by activity loss caused by structural destruction during long‐term cycling. Herein, the preparation of ordered PtFeIr intermetallic nanowire catalysts with an average diameter of 2.6 nm and face‐centered tetragonal structure (fct‐PtFeIr/C) is reported. A silica‐protected strategy prevents the deformation of PtFeIr nanowires during the phase transition at high temperature. The as‐prepared fct‐PtFeIr/C exhibited superior mass activity for ORR (2.03 A mgPt−1) than disordered PtFeIr nanowires with face‐centered cubic structure (1.11 A mgPt−1) and commercial Pt/C (0.21 A mgPt−1). Importantly, the structure and electrochemical performance of fct‐PtFeIr/C were maintained after stability tests, showing the advantages of the ordered structure.
Biosynthesis of Gut‐Microbiota‐Derived Lantibiotics Reveals a Subgroup of S8 Family Proteases for Class III Leader Removal
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Hong Zhilai , Zhou Liang , Zhang Zhenkun , Tang Ting , Guo Erpeng , Zheng Jie , Wang Ciji , Dai Lei , Si Tong , Wang Huan
Published: December 2021

Lanthipeptides are a group of ribosomally synthesized and post‐translationally modified peptides with diverse structural features and bioactivities. Gut‐microbiota‐derived lanthipeptides play important roles in gut homeostasis of the host. Herein, we report the discovery and biosynthesis of class III lantibiotics named amylopeptins, which are derived from the gut microbiota of Sprague‐Dawley rats and display a narrow antimicrobial spectrum. In contrast to known class III lanthipeptides, the biosynthesis of amylopeptins employs AmyP, which belongs to a subgroup of S8 family serine proteases, to remove the leader of corresponding precursor peptides in a site‐specific manner during the last step of their maturation. Overall, this study shows for the first time that S8 family proteases participate in the biosynthesis of class III lanthipeptides.
Enhanced Electrochemistry of Single Plasmonic Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Wenmin , Li Jian , Xia Xing‐Hua , Zhou Yi‐Ge
Published: December 2021

The structure–function relationship of plasmon‐enhanced electrochemistry (PEEC) is of great importance for the design of efficient PEEC catalysts, but is rarely investigated at single nanoparticle level for the lack of an efficient nanoscale methodology. Herein, we report the utilization of nanoparticle impact electrochemistry to allow single nanoparticle PEEC, where the effect of incident light on the plasmonic Ag/Au nanoparticles for accelerating cobalt metal–organic framework nanosheets (Co‐MOFNs) catalyzed hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is systematically explored. It is found that the plasmon‐excited hot carrier injection can lower the reaction activation energy, resulting in a much promoted reaction probability and the integral charge generated from individual collisions. Besides, a plasmonic nanoparticle filtering method is established to effectively distinguish different plasmonic nanoparticles. This work provides a unique view in understanding the intrinsic physicochemical properties for PEEC at the nano‐confined domains.