bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an Experimental Model for a Magnetorheological Damper Using Artificial Neural Networks (Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm)
Authors: Raizada Ayush , Singru Pravin , Krishnakumar Vishnuvardhan , Raj Varun
Published: August 2016

This paper is based on the experimental study for design and control of vibrations in automotive vehicles. The objective of this paper is to develop a model for the highly nonlinear magnetorheological (MR) damper to maximize passenger comfort in an automotive vehicle. The behavior of the MR damper is studied under different loading conditions and current values in the system. The input and output parameters of the system are used as a training data to develop a suitable model using Artificial Neural Networks. To generate the training data, a test rig similar to a quarter car model was fabricated to load the MR damper with a mechanical shaker to excite it externally. With the help of the test rig the input and output parameter data points are acquired by measuring the acceleration and force of the system at different points with the help of an impedance head and accelerometers. The model is validated by measuring the error for the testing and validation data points. The output of the model is the optimum current that is supplied to the MR damper, using a controller, to increase the passenger comfort by minimizing the amplitude of vibrations transmitted to the passenger. Besides using this model for cars, bikes, and other automotive vehicles it can also be modified by retraining the algorithm and used for civil structures to make them earthquake resistant.
The Roles of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells in Tumor Microenvironment Associated with Inflammation
Authors: Trivanović Drenka , Krstić Jelena , Djordjević Ivana Okić , Mojsilović Slavko , Santibanez Juan Francisco , Bugarski Diana , Jauković Aleksandra
Published: August 2016

State of tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely linked to regulation of tumor growth and progression affecting the final outcome, refractoriness, and relapse of disease. Interactions of tumor, immune, and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been recognized as crucial for understanding tumorigenesis. Due to their outstanding features, stem cell-like properties, capacity to regulate immune response, and dynamic functional phenotype dependent on microenvironmental stimuli, MSCs have been perceived as important players in TME. Signals provided by tumor-associated chronic inflammation educate MSCs to alter their phenotype and immunomodulatory potential in favor of tumor-biased state of MSCs. Adjustment of phenotype to TME and acquisition of tumor-promoting ability by MSCs help tumor cells in maintenance of permissive TME and suppression of antitumor immune response. Potential utilization of MSCs in treatment of tumor is based on their inherent ability to home tumor tissue that makes them suitable delivery vehicles for immune-stimulating factors and vectors for targeted antitumor therapy. Here, we review data regarding intrusive effects of inflammatory TME on MSCs capacity to affect tumor development through modification of their phenotype and interactions with immune system.
EGFET pH Sensor Performance Dependence on Sputtered TiO2Sensing Membrane Deposition Temperature
Authors: Yusof Khairul Aimi , Abdul Rahman Rohanieza , Zulkefle Muhammad AlHadi , Herman Sukreen Hana , Abdullah Wan Fazlida Hanim
Published: August 2016

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films were sputtered by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method and have been employed as the sensing membrane of an extended gate field effect transistor (EGFET) for pH sensing detection application. The TiO2thin films were deposited onto indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates at room temperature and 200°C, respectively. The effect of deposition temperature on thin film properties and pH detection application was analyzed. The TiO2samples used as the sensing membrane for EGFET pH-sensor and the current-voltage (I-V), hysteresis, and drift characteristics were examined. The sensitivity of TiO2EGFET sensing membrane was obtained from the transfer characteristic (I-V) curves for different substrate heating temperatures. TiO2thin film sputtered at room temperature achieved higher sensitivity of 59.89 mV/pH compared to the one deposited at 200°C indicating lower sensitivity of 37.60 mV/pH. Moreover the hysteresis and the drift of TiO2thin film deposited at room temperature showed lower values compared to the one at 200°C. We have also tested the effect of operating temperature on the performance of the EGFET pH-sensing and found that the temperature effect was very minimal.
Medical and Surgical Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage in a Woman with Factor XIII Deficiency
Authors: Cheng Michael , Nassim Janelle , Angha Ario , Srey Krisna , Canales Alexander , Kiffin Chauniqua , Ashmawy Yessin , Rosenthal Andrew A.
Published: August 2016

Factor XIII deficiency is a rare inherited coagulopathy. Factor XIII is the last clotting factor in the coagulation cascade to insure strength and stability to fibrin clots. Without this enzyme, the fibrous clot is unstable and nonresistant to fibrinolysis. Gravid women with this congenital disease are especially at risk for complications including miscarriages and hemorrhage without appropriate interventions. We present a case of a woman in her 20s with Factor XIII deficiency who was treated with cryoprecipitate and had a successful normal spontaneous vaginal delivery; subsequently, patient suffered from postpartum hemorrhage and consumptive coagulopathy due to consumption of Factor XIII, requiring emergency surgical intervention. Intraoperative management was challenged by an ethical dilemma involving the patient’s religious beliefs about not receiving blood. This paper will discuss the mechanism of Factor XIII and the medical and surgical management involved with this patient.
Modelling pH-Optimized Degradation of Microgel-Functionalized Polyesters
Authors: Bürgermeister Lisa , Hermann Marcus , Fehér Katalin , Molano Lopez Catalina , Pich Andrij , Hannen Julian , Vogt Felix , Schulz Wolfgang
Published: August 2016

We establish a novel mathematical model to describe and analyze pH levels in the vicinity of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate-co-N-vinylimidazole) (VCL/AAEM/VIm) microgel-functionalized polymers during biodegradation. Biodegradable polymers, especially aliphatic polyesters (polylactide/polyglycolide/polycaprolactone homo- and copolymers), have a large range of medical applications including delivery systems, scaffolds, or stents for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Most of those applications are limited by the inherent drop of pH level during the degradation process. The combination of polymers with VCL/AAEM/VIm-microgels, which aims at stabilizing pH levels, is innovative and requires new mathematical models for the prediction of pH level evaluation. The mathematical model consists of a diffusion-reaction PDE system for the degradation including reaction rate equations and diffusion of acidic degradation products into the vicinity. A system of algebraic equations is coupled to the degradation model in order to describe the buffering action of the microgel. The model is validated against the experimental pH-monitored biodegradation of microgel-functionalized polymer foils and is available for the design of microgel-functionalized polymer components.
Synthesis, Characterization, Thermochromism, and Photochromism of Aromatic Aldehyde Hydrazone Derivatives
Authors: Zhu ShaoPing , Chen Yuan , Sun Jun , Yang YuTing , Yue ChuanJun
Published: August 2016

The Schiff bases N-(5-phenylthiazole-2-yl)-2-hydroxylnaphthaldehydehydrazone (1), N-(4′-chloro-5-phenylthiazole-2-yl)-2-hydroxylnaphthaldehydehydrazone (2), and N-(4′-nitro-5-phenylthiazole-2-yl)-2-hydroxylnaphthaldehydehydrazone (3) were synthesized. These compounds were characterized by using IR,1H NMR,13C NMR, and MS. The photochromism of the compounds was investigated by IR and UV-visible spectrometry which is time variable under irradiation of 254 nm UV light. The thermochromism of the compounds was studied using temperature-variable IR, UV-visible spectrometry, TG, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results suggested that compound2showed thermochromism properties and compounds2and3displayed photochromism properties. The relationship between the substituents species and photochromic or thermochromic properties of these compounds was revealed as well.
Comparative Assessment of Health Benefits of Praziquantel Treatment of Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Preschool and Primary School-Aged Children
Authors: Wami Welcome M. , Nausch Norman , Midzi Nicholas , Gwisai Reggis , Mduluza Takafira , Woolhouse Mark E. J. , Mutapi Francisca
Published: August 2016

Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem in Africa. However, it is only recently that its burden has become recognised as a significant component impacting on the health and development of preschool-aged children. A longitudinal study was conducted in Zimbabwean children to determine the effect of single praziquantel treatment onSchistosoma haematobium-related morbidity markers: microhaematuria, proteinuria, and albuminuria. Changes in these indicators were compared in 1–5 yearsversus6–10 years age groups to determine if treatment outcomes differed by age. Praziquantel was efficacious at reducing infection 12 weeks after treatment: cure rate = 94.6% (95% CI: 87.9–97.7%). Infection rates remained lower at 12 months after treatment compared to baseline in both age groups. Among treated children, the odds of morbidity at 12 weeks were significantly lower compared to baseline for proteinuria: odds ratio (OR) = 0.54 (95% CI: 0.31–0.95) and albuminuria: OR = 0.05 (95% CI: 0.02–0.14). Microhaematuria significantly reduced 12 months after treatment, and the effect of treatment did not differ by age group: OR = 0.97 (95% CI: 0.50–1.87). In conclusion, praziquantel treatment has health benefits in preschool-aged children exposed toS. haematobiumand its efficacy on infection and morbidity is not age-dependent.
Inhibitory Effect of Valencene on the Development of Atopic Dermatitis‐Like Skin Lesions in NC/Nga Mice
Authors: Yang In Jun , Lee Dong-Ung , Shin Heung Mook
Published: August 2016

Valencene (VAL) isolated from Cyperus rotundus possesses various biological effects such as antiallergic and antimelanogenesis activity. We investigated the effect of VAL on atopic dermatitis (AD) skin lesions and their molecular mechanisms. We topically applied VAL to 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene (DNCB) sensitized NC/Nga mice. Modified scoring atopic dermatitis index, scratching behavior, and histological/immunohistochemical staining were used to monitor disease severity. RT‐PCR, western blotting, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were used to determine the level of IgE, proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines production, and skin barrier proteins expression. Topical application of VAL significantly reduced AD‐like symptoms and recovered decreased expression of filaggrin in DNCB‐sensitized NC/Nga mice. The levels of serum IgE, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐13 in skin/splenic tissue were reduced. In vitro studies using TNF‐α and IFN‐γ treated HaCaT cells revealed that VAL inhibited the exaggerated expression of Th2 chemokines including TARC/CCL17, MDC/CCL22, and proinflammatory chemokines such as CXCL8, GM‐CSF, and I‐CAM through blockade of the NF‐κB pathway. In addition, expression of the skin barrier protein, involucrin, was also increased by VAL treatment. VAL inhibited the production and expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐6 in LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These results suggest that VAL may serve as a potential therapeutic option for AD.
Automatic Liver Segmentation from CT Images Using Single-Block Linear Detection
Authors: Huang Lianfen , Weng Minghui , Shuai Haitao , Huang Yue , Sun Jianjun , Gao Fenglian
Published: August 2016

Automatic liver segmentation not only plays an important role in the analysis of liver disease, but also reduces the cost and humanity’s impact in segmentation. In addition, liver segmentation is a very challenging task due to countless anatomical variations and technical difficulties. Many methods have been designed to overcome these challenges, but these methods still need to be improved to obtain the desired segmentation precision. In this paper, a fast algorithm is proposed for liver extraction from CT images with single-block linear detection. The proposed method does not require iteration; thus, the computational time and complexity are decreased enormously. In addition, the initialization is not crucial in the algorithm, so the algorithm’s robustness and specificity are improved. The experimental evaluation of the proposed method revealed effective segmentation in normal and abnormal (liver hemangioma and liver cancer) abdominal CT images. The average sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity for liver cancer are 96.59%, 98.65%, and 99.03%, respectively. The results of image segmentation approximate the manual segmentation results by the technical doctor. Moreover, our method shows superior flexibility to newly published method with comparable performance. The advantage of our method is verified with experimental results, which is described in detail.
Diagnostic Dilemma in Appendiceal Mucormycosis: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Priyanka Akhilesh Sali , Kamal Sunder Yadav , Prasad Pande , Asha George Mary , Mohan Agarwal , Hitesh Mehta
Published: August 2016

Appendiceal mucormycosis is a rare life-threatening infection seen in immunocompromised patients. It is usually seen in chemotherapy induced neutropenia in patients with hematological malignancies. Clinically, the symptoms and signs may be masked due to ongoing corticosteroids. The condition may mimic bacterial appendicitis and the less serious condition, typhlitis. The disease demands prompt surgical debulking and aggressive antifungal treatment. However, surgery is delayed due to the poor performance status and severe neutropenia. This may lead to perforative peritonitis and further dissemination. The survival rates of such disease are dismal. Unfortunately, the diagnosis may be confirmed only on histological examination of the surgically excised tissue. Very few cases have been reported so far. We present here once such a fatal case of appendiceal mucormycosis in a 14-year-old boy who was immunosuppressed due to intensive induction therapy for Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia.
“Digitally Oriented Materials”: Focus on Lithium Disilicate Ceramics
Authors: Zarone Fernando , Ferrari Marco , Mangano Francesco Guido , Leone Renato , Sorrentino Roberto
Published: August 2016

The present paper was aimed at reporting the state of the art about lithium disilicate ceramics. The physical, mechanical, and optical properties of this material were reviewed as well as the manufacturing processes, the results of in vitro and in vivo investigations related to survival and success rates over time, and hints for the clinical indications in the light of the latest literature data. Due to excellent optical properties, high mechanical resistance, restorative versatility, and different manufacturing techniques, lithium disilicate can be considered to date one of the most promising dental materials in Digital Dentistry.
Qualitative Assessment of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Older Persons with Very Mild Dementia: The Kurihara Project
Authors: Ouchi Yoshitaka , Kasai Mari , Nakamura Kei , Nakatsuka Masahiro , Meguro Kenichi
Published: August 2016

Background/Aims: We investigated quantitative/qualitative changes of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in people with a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) of 0.5. Methods: IADLs were evaluated in older residents: CDR of 0 (healthy) and CDR 0.5 (questionable/very mild dementia). The subjects with CDR 0.5 were divided into 2 types: the very mild Alzheimer's disease (vmAD) type and the other type including very mild subcortical vascular dementia. IADLs were evaluated quantitatively using the Lawton and the original qualitative IADL scales. Results: CDR 0.5/vmAD type subjects had impairment of only one Lawton item (Shopping) compared to CDR 0 subjects. However, the CDR 0.5/vmAD type group and the CDR 0.5/other type group showed impairment of 3 items in the qualitative assessment (Shopping, Food preparation, and Mode of transportation). Conclusion: We suggest using both quantitative/qualitative IADL scales for assessing older adults with very mild dementia.
From Undernutrition to Overnutrition: The Evolution of Overweight and Obesity among Young Men in Switzerland since the 19th Century
Authors: Staub Kaspar , Bender Nicole , Floris Joël , Pfister Christian , Rühli Frank J.
Published: August 2016

Objective: The global obesity epidemic continues, new approaches are needed to understand the causes. We analyzed data from an evolutionary perspective, stressing developmental plasticity. Methods: We present diachronical height, weight, and BMI data for 702,902 Swiss male conscripts aged 18-20 years, a representative, standardized and unchanged data source. Results: From 1875 to 1879, the height distribution was slightly left-skewed; 12.1% of the conscripts were underweight, overweight and obesity were rare. The BMI-to-height relationship was positive but not linear, and very short conscripts were particularly slim. Since the 1870s, Swiss conscripts became taller, a trend that markedly slowed in the 1990s. In contrast, weight increased in two distinct steps at the end of the 1980s and again after 2002. Since 2010, BMI did not increase but stabilized at a high level. Conclusions: The body of young men adapted differently to varying living conditions over time: First, less investment in height and weight under conditions of undernutrition and food uncertainty; second, more investment in height under more stable nutritional conditions; third, development of obesity during conditions of plateaued height growth, overnutrition, and decreasing physical activity. This example contributes to the evaluation of hypotheses on human developmental plasticity.
Development of a Vascularized Heterotopic Neonatal Rat Heart Transplantation Model
Authors: Shimada Shogo , del Nido Pedro J. , Friehs Ingeborg
Published: August 2016

Background/Purpose: Rodent adult-to-adult heterotopic heart transplantation is a well-established animal model, and the detailed surgical technique with several modifications has been previously described. In immature donor organ transplantation, however, the surgical technique needs to be revised given the smaller size and fragility of the donor graft. Here, we report our surgical technique for heterotopic abdominal (AHTx) and femoral (FHTx) neonatal rat heart transplantation based on an experience of over 300 cases. Methods: Heterotopic heart transplantation was conducted in syngeneic Lewis rats. Neonatal rats (postnatal day 2-4) served as donors. AHTx was performed by utilizing the conventional adult-to-adult transplant method with specific modifications for optimal aortotomy and venous anastomosis. In the FHTx, the donor heart was vascularized by connecting the donor's aorta and pulmonary artery to the recipient's right femoral artery and vein, respectively, in an end-to-end manner. A specifically fashioned butterfly-shaped rubber sheet was used to align the target vessels properly. The transplanted graft was visually assessed for its viability and was accepted as a technical success when the viability met specific criteria. Successfully transplanted grafts were subject to further postoperative evaluation. Forty cases (AHTx and FHTx; n = 20 each) were compared regarding perioperative parameters and outcomes. Results: Both models were technically feasible (success rate: AHTx 75% vs. FHTx 70%) by refining the conventional heterotopic transplant technique. Injury to the fragile donor aorta and congestion of the graft due to suboptimal venous connection were predominant causes of failure, leading to refractory bleeding and poor graft viability. Although the FHTx required significantly longer operation time and graft ischemic time, the in situ graft viabilities were comparable. The FHTx provided better postoperative monitoring as it enabled daily graft palpation and better echocardiographic visualization. Conclusions: We describe detailed surgical techniques for AHTx and FHTx while addressing neonatal donor-specific issues. Following our recommendations potentially reduces the learning curve to achieve reliable and reproducible results with these challenging animal models.
Insights from the German Compassionate Use Program of Nintedanib for the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Bonella Francesco , Kreuter Michael , Hagmeyer Lars , Neurohr Claus , Keller Claus , Kohlhaeufl Martin J. , Müller-Quernheim Joachim , Milger Katrin , Prasse Antje ,   on behalf of the German Nintedanib Compassionate Use Consortium
Published: August 2016

Background: Nintedanib is approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and has been shown to slow disease progression by reducing annual lung function decline. Objective: To evaluate the results of a large cohort of IPF patients treated with nintedanib within a compassionate use program (CUP) in Germany (9 centers). Methods: Patients (≥40 years) were required to have a confirmed diagnosis of IPF, a forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥50% predicted (pred.) and a carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) 30-79% pred. and not to be eligible for pirfenidone treatment. Clinical data, pulmonary function tests and adverse events were recorded up to July 2015. Results: Sixty-two patients (48 male/14 female) with moderate IPF (FVC 64 ± 17% pred. and DLCO 40 ± 10% pred.) were treated with nintedanib. 77% of patients switched from pirfenidone (mean treatment duration 14 ± 2 months) mostly due to disease progression (mean decline in FVC 7.4 ± 3% pred. in the 6 months prior to nintedanib intake). Initiation of nintedanib treatment occurred 69 ± 29 months after IPF diagnosis, and mean treatment duration was 8 ± 4 months. Most patients (63%) stabilized 6 months after treatment start (mean FVC decline 3 ± 1 vs. -17 ± 2% in patients with disease progression; p < 0.01). The most common adverse events were diarrhea (63%) and weight loss (50%). Dose reduction occurred in 34% of cases and treatment discontinuation in 10%. Conclusion: Nintedanib treatment was generally well tolerated and was associated with FVC stabilization in the majority of IPF patients in this CUP setting where most patients were not treatment naïve. Our data are in agreement with the previously published data.
O que uma Constituição constitui? Uma discussão sobre a igualdade constitucional a partir da união estável entre pessoas do mesmo sexo
Authors: Marques Raphael Peixoto de Paula
Published: August 2016

O presente artigo procura analisar a possibilidade da união estável homoafetiva no Brasil, a partir da interpretação do artigo 226, §3º da Constituição Federal de 1988, dispositivo que define, para efeitos de proteção estatal, o reconhecimento da união estável entre o homem e a mulher como entidade familiar. O objetivo principal é reorientar a discussão sobre como se deve ler o catálogo constitucional de direitos fundamentais, levando em consideração o conjunto de princípios amplos e abstratos de moral política trazidos pela Constituição Federal de 1988, os quais devem servir de base interpretativa, afastando a aplicação de regras linguísticas ou referências semânticas.
Direito das águas: sujeição e emancipação
Authors: Ponzilacqua Marcio Henrique Pereira
Published: August 2016

A ideia que orienta esse artigo é a reflexão sobre a sujeição ou emancipação presente no âmbito do direito e da governança das águas. O método principal de análise é dedutivo. Com isso, pretende-se uma abordagem que contemple o âmbito internacional até atingir as políticas públicas estaduais e municipais. Evidencia-se a legislação concernente às águas subterrâneas, especialmente aquelas respeitantes aos aquíferos.
Differential wolf-pack-size persistence and the role of risk when hunting dangerous prey
Authors: Barber-Meyer Shannon M. , Mech L. David , Newton Wesley E. , Borg Bridget L.
Published: August 2016

Risk to predators hunting dangerous prey is an emerging area of research and could account for possible persistent differences in gray wolf (Canis lupus) pack sizes. We documented significant differences in long-term wolf-pack-size averages and variation in the Superior National Forest (SNF), Denali National Park and Preserve, Yellowstone National Park, and Yukon, Canada (). The SNF differences could be related to the wolves’ risk when hunting primary prey, for those packs () hunting moose (Alces americanus) were significantly larger than those () hunting white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (, ). Our data support the hypothesis that differential pack-size persistence may be perpetuated by differences in primary prey riskiness to wolves, and we highlight two important extensions of this idea: (1) the potential for wolves to provision and defend injured packmates from other wolves and (2) the importance of less-risky, buffer prey to pack-size persistence and year-to-year variation.
Notes on the ornamental potential and taxonomy of Justicia (Acanthaceae, Justicieae), including a first record for the Paraíba flora, Brazil
Authors: SOUSA VALDECI FONTES DE , VERSIEUX LEONARDO M.
Published: August 2016

Justicia thunbergioides (Acanthaceae, Justicieae) is reported for the first time from Paraíba State, northeastern Brazil. It was collected in the municipality of Cuité, Agreste region, a transitional area between the “Zona da Mata” and “Sertão”. This new occurrence in Paraíba extends its range approximately 140 km from the closest population and it was found in hypoxerophytic caatinga, forming dense clumps in open but shaded areas, under scrub vegetation and on stony soil. Acanthaceae in general has a great ornamental potential and this species, in particular, may be used in native plant gardens since it is adapted to semi-arid weather conditions and also attracts local fauna. Description, taxonomic comments, distributional map and images are presented for this taxon. Additionally, a key to distinguish the native species of Justicia in Paraíba is provided.
Correcting the type designations of Caryodaphnopsis baviensis and C. laotica (Lauraceae)
Authors: SUN TIANTIAN , WIERSEMA JOHN , YANG YONG
Published: August 2016

There is confusion on the type collection of the name Nothaphoebe baviensis Lecomte, which had been cited either as Balansa 1445 or as Balansa 2445. We clarified this confusion by checking both collections. It turned out that the type is Balansa 2445, and Lecomte made an error in citation of the type in the protologue. Duplicates of the collection Balansa 1445 actually consist of a mixture including materials of Sapindaceae and Primulaceae. In addition, we found that the type collection of C. laotica Airy Shaw is Kerr 20893, not Kerr 20983, although the latter was cited in the protologue.
Redescription of Pseudotropheus livingstonii and Pseudotropheus elegans from Lake Malaŵi, Africa
Authors: STAUFFER J.R. JR. , KONINGS A F. , RYAN T.M.
Published: August 2016

Pseudotropheus livingstonii and P. elegans are two sand-dwelling cichlid species that belong to the so-called mbuna, a group of predominantly rock-dwelling haplochromines of Lake Malaŵi. The identity of these two species has confused taxonomists for almost a century until a recent rediscovery of representatives of P. elegans close to its type locality. New diagnoses for both species are provided.
On the type series of Scinax perpusillus (Lutz & Lutz, 1939) (Anura: Hylidae)
Authors: COLAÇO GUSTAVO , SILVA HELIO RICARDO DA
Published: August 2016

The literature regarding the type series of Scinax perpusillus (Lutz & Lutz, 1939) presents two distinct numbers for the holotype. In 1973, thirty-four years after the description, Bertha Lutz associated numbers to the type series. This numbering has been followed by subsequent reviewers of Scinax ever since, with exception of Peixoto (1987) who assigned another number to the holotype. Our reevaluation of the literature and examination of the type series allowed us to access that, in both cases, the numbers were incorrectly assigned to the specimens and determine the proper museum numbers for this series.
Judgement and Ambivalence in Migration Work: On the (Dis)appearance of Dilemmas in Assisting Voluntary Return
Authors: Vandevoordt Robin
Published: August 2016

Street-level bureaucrats implementing nation states’ migration policies increasingly find themselves in a structural tension between providing social assistance and regulating the flows of people entering and leaving the national territory. As a result, doing migration work involves a wide range of difficult, ambivalent situations. This article examines how and under which conditions these tensions translate into moral and political dilemmas in street-level bureaucrats’ everyday work. In doing so, it draws upon original qualitative research with street-level bureaucrats working in the Belgian programme for assisted voluntary return. The article concludes by proposing an approach centred around the notion of immunisation so as to understand the social context in which ambivalence and its contraries are produced.
Curing characteristics and mechanical and aging properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer/calcium carbonate/bentonite hybrid composites
Authors: Che Mat Nurus Sakinah , Ismail Hanafi , Othman Nadras
Published: August 2016

Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/calcium carbonate/bentonite (Bt) hybrid composites were prepared via a laboratory size two-roll mill. In this work, loading ratio of calcium carbonate to Bt was varied, that is, 30/0, 5/25, 15/15, 25/5 and 0/30 parts per hundred rubber. The effect of partial replacement of calcium carbonate with Bt on the curing characteristics, tear properties, morphology, aging and fatigue life of the hybrid composites was studied. On increasing Bt loading, cure time, scorch time and maximum torque of EPDM/calcium carbonate (CaCO3)/Bt composites decreased, whereas minimum torque increased. The tear strength and fatigue life of EPDM/CaCO3/Bt hybrid composites showed improvement with increasing Bt loading. The results also showed that the retention of aging of EPDM/CaCO3/Bt hybrid composites decreased with increasing Bt loading.
Hybrid force and position control of a conducting tri-layer electro-active polymer actuator
Authors: Coskun M Y , Sancak C , Itik M , Alici G
Published: August 2016

In this study, the displacement and blocking force of the tip point of a cantilevered electro-active polymer (EAP) actuator has been controlled for a cell injection process which consists of approaching, interacting and leaving steps. A vision-based system is used to acquire the tip displacement data for identifying a transfer function model of the actuator and its position control. Discrete time Proportional-Integral controllers are used to control the position and blocking force. A Smith Predictor is utilized in the vision-based position control system to compensate for the time delay due to image processing. Experimental position and blocking force results prove that the proposed control strategies are effective enough to guide the actuator to undertake the cell injection process. This study contributes to the previously published work from the point of view of simultaneously controlling the position and blocking force of the electroactive polymer actuators and widening their application areas.
Physical Activity Counseling by Diabetes Educators Delivering Diabetes Self-management Education and Support
Authors: Powell Robert O. , Siminerio Linda , Kriska Andrea , Rickman Amy , Jakicic John M.
Published: August 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine factors that influence physical activity counseling of diabetes educators delivering diabetes self-management/support (DSME/S).

Methods

Diabetes educators were surveyed about their DSME/S counseling at the American Association of Diabetes Educators Pennsylvania State Diabetes Conference to explore (1) time dedicated to physical activity counseling, (2) importance placed on physical activity as a treatment for diabetes, (3) knowledge of the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, (4) level of confidence with physical activity counseling, and (5) barriers associated with physical activity counseling.

Results

A sample of 119 diabetes educators with 13.0 ± 8.6 years of DSME/S experience participated in the survey (95.8% female; 94.1% white; 60.5% nurses; 73.9% Certified Diabetes Educators). Of 4 common DSME/S content areas (healthy eating, taking medications, monitoring blood glucose, and physical activity), physical activity was ranked as the third most important behind healthy eating and taking medications, with 14.5 ± 12.1 minutes per session spent counseling on physical activity. The proportion of educators acknowledging the current physical activity guidelines for moderate-intensity aerobic activity, vigorous-intensity aerobic activity, and resistance training was 74%, 20.5%, and 62.8%, respectively. Being “very confident” for counseling on physical activity was reported by 54.7%, while “inability to engage patients in physical activity” and “time allotted for DSME/S visits” were the most challenging personal and practice barriers reported, respectively. Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior for the treatment of diabetes.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that there are challenges to physical activity counseling within DSME/S. Strategies to improve physical activity counseling by diabetes educators warrant attention.
An actor-centric bottom-up view of institutions: Combinatorial knowledge dynamics through the eyes of institutional entrepreneurs and institutional navigators
Authors: Sotarauta Markku
Published: August 2016

This paper argues that lack of focus on agency, intention, and interest is a weakness in regional innovation studies and studies focusing on knowledge dynamics. There is a need to systematically anchor a role for agency in institutionally oriented regional innovation studies, and thus to reach beyond snapshots of top-down institutions, and to produce a more nuanced view on institutions bottom up. To elaborate the conceptual link between institutions and combinatorial knowledge dynamics, this paper discusses two intertwined theoretical lenses, and proposes a conceptual framework for a study of institutions bottom-up. First, the basic tenets of institutions are discussed; second, a conceptual distinction between cumulative and combinatorial knowledge dynamics is introduced; and, third, a conceptual framework to study institutions bottom-up to complement top-down oriented studies is proposed. The main scientific motivation here is to open a bottom-up view on institutions by linking them to the combinatorial knowledge dynamics approach by using agency as an intermediating framework.
Technology-assisted communication in older persons in a residential care facility in South Africa
Authors: Chipps Jennifer , Jarvis Mary Ann
Published: August 2016

Relocation to residential care facilities by older persons (60+) can decrease their social connectedness with their primary networks. The purpose of the study was to identify the use and acceptance of technology-assisted communication to increase social connectedness in older persons (N = 103) in an urban residential care facility in South Africa. The research design was a non-experimental quantitative descriptive survey using self-administered questionnaires based on the Technology Acceptance Model. All residents were included in the study. Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness and Attitude scales were calculated and the Behavioural Intention for technology use was measured. Participants with the highest Behavioural Intention were residents in their first year of relocation, younger participants (60–74 years), divorced participants and participants with higher educational qualifications. Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness were low and were directly correlated. Perceived Ease of Use contributed significantly towards Attitudes concerning technology use. The overall Behavioural Intention for technology use was good (60/75) and the Technology Acceptance Model pathway was confirmed using Structural Equation Modelling. Video chat offered greatest appeal for future use.
Generation and the propensity of long career interruptions due to childcare under different family policy regimes: A multilevel approach
Authors: Valentova Marie
Published: August 2016

This article analyses the generation gap in the duration of long-term career interruptions due to childcare among mothers of two children, and how the differences are moderated by a country’s predominant family policy regime. The outcomes of the multilevel analysis reveal that mothers born after 1960 have significantly lower odds of interrupting their career for longer than 10 years compared with older women. A country’s predominant family policy model plays a significant role in explaining the propensity of long career breaks. Mothers from countries with post-socialist, Southern European and pro-egalitarian models exhibit lower odds of having long-term career interruptions than those in pro-traditionalist countries. Differences between generations are moderated by countries’ family policy models. Among younger generations, the propensity to take long career breaks is lower in post-socialist and non-interventionist regimes than in countries with a pro-traditionalist family policy legacy.
The primordial refugees: Religious traditions, global forced migration, and state–society relations
Authors: Hein Jeremy , Niazi Tarique
Published: August 2016

Global responses to Syrian refugees reveal a contradiction in state–society relations. Many groups in civil society want to assist the refugees, while many state officials want to limit or entirely prevent refugee admissions. To explain the anomaly of civil society pressuring a reluctant state to open its borders to refugees, this essay reviews forced migration traditions in five world religions, three of them monotheistic and one each pantheistic and nontheistic: Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism. The essay documents that each religion has a flight narrative about a divine escape. Moses, the infant Christ, Mohammed, the infant Krishna, and the future Buddha all fled from imprisonment or death threats. These faith-based flight narratives are thousands of years older than the state’s political asylum policy and they continue to be commemorated in ritual and practiced through actual assistance to refugees. The primordial refugees in world religions partly explain why civil society can be more responsive to forced migration than the state.
Results from a cognitive group rehabilitation programme from an occupational performance perspective
Authors: Rustner Birgitta , Wressle Ewa , Samuelsson Kersti
Published: August 2016

Introduction

The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was used for treatment planning and to evaluate the effect of a cognitive group rehabilitation programme. The aim was to identify occupational performance problems defined as important and to analyse the outcome, and to link those problems to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) core set for traumatic brain injury and stroke.

Method

A retrospective design was used, including an analysis of COPM data recorded before and two months after the programme. COPM data from 124 clients were linked to the ICF core sets.

Results

A clinically important difference of ≥2 COPM scores was reached in 32% of the clients for occupational performance and in 47% for satisfaction with occupational performance. A majority of the problems identified (62%) were classified within the activities and participation component in the ICF, and 38% in body functions. All occupational performance problems could be linked to the ICF; just one of the 36 categories (caring for household objects) was not found in any of the ICF core sets.

Conclusion

By linking the COPM data to the core sets, occupational therapists can be confident in addressing the typical problems of the group of clients identified.
Comparing those diagnosed early versus late in their HIV infection: implications for public health
Authors: Spatz Friedman Dara , O’Byrne Patrick , Roy Marie
Published: August 2016

Routine HIV surveillance cannot distinguish between recent and older infections: HIV-positive individuals reported soon or long after infection are both considered new diagnoses from a surveillance perspective, notwithstanding the time since infection. This lack of specificity makes it difficult to understand the jurisdiction-specific trends in HIV epidemiology needed for prevention planning. Previous efforts have been made to discern such timing of infection, but these methodologies are not easily applied in a public health setting. We wished to develop a simple protocol, using routinely collected information, to classify newly diagnosed infections as recent or older, and to enumerate and characterize recent versus older infections. Applying our methodology to a review of HIV cases reported between January 2011 and December 2014, we classified 62% of cases; one-third of these were recent infections. Although men who have sex with men (MSM) and persons from HIV-endemic countries (HEC) disproportionally accounted for new HIV diagnoses, the dynamics of HIV transmission within these groups differed dramatically: MSM accounted for the majority of recent infections, whereas persons from HEC accounted for the majority of older infections. Among older infections, one-quarter were previously unaware of their infection. Categorizing cases in this manner yielded greater, jurisdiction-specific understanding of HIV, and guides subpopulation-specific interventions.
Community–University Collaborations for Environmental Justice
Authors: Loh Penn
Published: August 2016

Community–university collaborations for environmental justice have pushed the boundaries of the modern research university, yet remain rooted in a research frame. This article lays out a transformative co-learning model, which aspires to cultivate long-term, place-based, reciprocal partnerships where university and community co-produce knowledge and action toward a more just, sustainable, and democratic society. Starting with joint inquiry and planning, community and university integrate teaching, research, and service activities over a cycle of three to five years and, if sustained, co-evolve in place over the decades. Co-learning partnerships can anchor transformational learning, support community-based research, address critical community issues, and diversify the university. Tufts Department of Urban and Environmental Policy and Planning has recently developed a three-year co-learning partnership model with long-time partner Dudley Street Neighborhood Initiative. Yet, challenges still remain in resourcing community partners, valuing local anchoring, aligning university rewards with co-learning, and ensuring that community benefits are prioritized.
Evaluating Claims to Avoid Pseudoscientific and Unproven Practices in Special Education
Authors: Travers Jason C.
Published: August 2016

Special education professionals are charged with using evidence-based practices, but various unproven, disproven, and pseudoscientific interventions continue to proliferate. Unproven and ineffective interventions emerge and are adopted for various reasons. Ineffective interventions are inevitably harmful and require professionals to adopt a conservative approach that both minimizes potential for harm and maximizes potential for educational benefit. This is fundamental to the evidence-based movement, but special education professionals may not recognize and avoid ineffective interventions. This article aims to improve recognition of potentially ineffective interventions by shedding light on aspects of science, pseudoscience, and some mistakes frequently made in evaluating claims of intervention effectiveness. By becoming familiar with the distinctions between science and pseudoscience, and by developing an understanding of how errors in thinking are used to promote and defend interventions unsupported by empirical evidence, special education professionals can better protect their students with disabilities from potential harms associated with ineffective practices.
Predictors of HIV/AIDS Programming in African American Churches: Implications for HIV Prevention, Testing, and Care
Authors: Stewart Jennifer M. , Hanlon Alexandra , Brawner Bridgette M.
Published: August 2016

Using data from the National Congregational Study, we examined predictors of having an HIV/AIDS program in predominately African American churches across the United States. We conducted regression analyses of Wave II data ( N = 1,506) isolating the sample to churches with a predominately African American membership. The dependent variable asked whether or not the congregation currently had any program focused on HIV or AIDS. Independent variables included several variables from the individual, organizational, and social levels. Our study revealed that region, clergy age, congregant disclosure of HIV-positive status, permitting cohabiting couples to be members, sponsorship or participation in programs targeted to physical health issues, and having a designated person or committee to address health-focused programs significantly increased the likelihood of African American churches having an HIV/AIDS program. A paucity of nationally representative research focuses on the social-, organizational-, and individual-level predictors of having HIV/AIDS programs in African American churches. Determining the characteristics of churches with HIV/AIDS programming at multiple levels is a critical and necessary approach with significant implications for partnering with African American churches in HIV or AIDS initiatives.
Urine protein, urine protein to creatinine ratio and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase index in cats with idiopathic cystitis vs healthy control cats
Authors: Panboon Isadee , Asawakarn Sariya , Pusoonthornthum Rosama
Published: August 2016

Objectives

The objective was to compare urine protein, urine protein to creatinine ratio (UPC) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) index between cats with idiopathic cystitis and clinically normal cats.

Methods

Urine and blood samples were collected from 19 clinically normal cats and 19 cats with idiopathic cystitis without azotaemia at the time of first presentation. Urine protein, urine creatinine and UPC were measured. Additionally, the urinary NAG concentration was measured using the colorimetric method, and the NAG index was calculated by dividing the urinary NAG concentration by the urine creatinine ratio.

Results

Urine protein concentration (mean ± SEM) was four times higher in cats with idiopathic cystitis (218.29 ± 58.95) than in clinically normal cats (56.13 ± 9.95) (P <0.05). The UPC (mean ± SEM) of cats with idiopathic cystitis (0.70 ± 0.19) was also five times higher than that of clinically normal cats (0.14 ± 0.02) (P <0.05). The mean ± SEM NAG index in cats with idiopathic cystitis (4.79 ± 1.53 U/g) was two times higher than that in clinically normal cats (2.14 ± 0.48 U/g). The log UPC was positively correlated with the log NAG index in cats with idiopathic cystitis at moderate levels (r2 = 0.512; P <0.05).

Conclusions and relevance

Cats with idiopathic cystitis had increased amounts of urine protein and an increased UPC. Further study is needed to address the role of urinary NAG and its relationship with glycosaminoglycan levels in cats with idiopathic cystitis.