bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Externalities aspects of freight distribution through the urban consolidation center
Authors: Ayu Nuri , Nahry
Published: January 2021

This study is also intended to analyze how the traffic parameter is taken into account in the determination of distribution routes and schedules. The analysis is based on the data produced by one of the Urban Consolidation Center (UCC) operators in the form of their freight vehicles’ travel diary. The results show that the average CO2 emissions produced by the delivery activity through the UCC are 0.0196 kg CO2/item. By dispatching an average number of items of 2139.70 within one trip, each truck is responsible for the external costs of CO2 emissions as Rp16,614,-(based on International standards of external costs of CO2 emissions) or Rp4,131,- (based on Indonesian standard). Regarding the traffic consideration on the distribution trips, most of the trips go into class II, i.e., UCC serves retail stores with a fairly wide coverage area but has not too many stops. In terms of tour efficiency, distribution trips through UCC are considered to be quite efficient. However, they can still be more optimized by increasing the average travel speed of vehicles per stop, reducing mileage between delivery points, or reducing service time in each delivery point without reducing service quality.
Influence of gradation using local aggregate on porous asphalt to enhance stormwater absorption
Authors: Sihombing A V R , Utami R , Somantri A K
Published: January 2021

Porous asphalt is one of the pavement technologies that have a large void in the mix and enables water flows through the pavement structure. Due to its porous characteristic, strength and stability of porous asphalt are lower than normal asphalt mix caused by coarse aggregate domination in mixture leads. Selection of aggregate and gradation highly affected desired porous asphalt characteristics, so that research is needed to understand the performance of porous asphalt using local material based on permeability characteristic, cantabro loss and marshall characteristic with several aggregate gradations from several countries. The method of this research would be a laboratory-scaled experiment. Materials for this research were asphalt pen 60/70 and local aggregate from Majalengka (M) with gradation variation from Japan (J), Australia (A), and Indonesian (I), then designed to obtain a porous asphalt namely MJ, MA, and MI. Permeability test showed lower value for every mixture with the highest permeability coefficient is on MI with 4.64 × 10−5 cm/s. Cantabro loss gave the lowest value on MI with 20.45%. By permeability and cantabro loss, porous asphalt mixture with aggregate from Majalengka with Indonesian grading is the best one to represent environmentally friendly mixture and enhance stormwater absorption.
Evaluation of carbonate precipitation methods for improving the strength of peat soil
Authors: Ramadhan M R , Putra H
Published: January 2021

This research was carried out to evaluate the potential improvement of the strength of peat soil with the carbonate precipitation method. The grouting solution’s optimum combination was determined and mixed to soil sample with a various density of 1.15, 1.20, and 1.25 g/cm3. The mass of precipitated carbonate within the soil and its effect on peat soil’s increasing strength was evaluated by the unconfined compression (UCS) test. The mass of precipitated carbonate within peat soil was evaluated by acid leaching method, respectively. The UCS test showed that the strength of treated peat soil had improved significantly. The treatment using carbonate precipitation brings about an improvement of 38% to 48% compared to the untreated sample. The maximum strength of 375.12 kPa was achieved at a density of 1.25 g/cm3. The result of this study also indicated that the initial density has no significant impact on the improvement of precipitated carbonate in peat soil. A relatively similar precipitated carbonate of 2-3% of soil mass was formed in the entire soil sample. This study elucidated that the carbonate precipitation method is a potential method to improve the peat soil’s shear strength.
Properties of concrete paving blocks made with nickel slags
Authors: Mustika W , Kadir A , Ngii E , Nurdin M
Published: January 2021

This study is a follow-up of nickel slag waste used for building construction materials. Paving blocks were made using a mixture of cement and aggregates in a ratio of 1: 3 and 1: 5 which used a mixture of nickel slag waste and natural sand with aggregate gradation in zone III of the rather fine sand category based on SNI 03-2834-2000. Sand substitution with nickel slag waste has used a variation of the composition of the mixture of 0% (without slag), 25%, 75%, and 100% (without sand). The behaviour would be obtained the compressive strength value of paving blocks and average water absorption. Paving blocks compressive strength were tested at the age of 28 days, while the average value of water absorption was performed by immersing the paving block specimens for 24 hours. The physical strength and absorption value of paving block water refer to SNI 03-0691-1996. The results showed that the use of nickel slag waste in making paving blocks could increase the compressive strength of paving blocks, while water absorption in all compositions and variations of the paving blocks mixture was decreased in line with the increase of nickel slag composition.
Optimum combination of ferro-nickel slag (FeNi4) to the normal sand for the concrete compressive strength
Authors: Ngii E , Kadir A , Rachman R M , Serah M
Published: January 2021

Slag nickel is a by-product which causes environmental degradation and conventional slag is widely used as coarse aggregate in concrete. This research, therefore, used the newest slag type (FeNi4) from PT Antam Pomalaa as fine aggregate in natural sand and determine the effect of the combination on the optimum compressive strength of concrete. Moreover, the results obtained were compared with the use of only natural sand in concrete. The procedure involved varying the percentage of the slag mixed with the natural sand by weight at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% with each sample designed to have minimum compressive strength higher than 20 MPa at 28 days. Furthermore, a compressive strength test was conducted to determine the optimum combination to achieve the best value and the results showed 25% of nickel slag variation to be the best while other variations, 50%, 75%, and 100%, experienced a reduction of 8.96%, 11.85%, and 12.19% respectively in comparison with the normal concrete. This, therefore, means the use of Ferro-nickel slag (FeNi4) has the ability to increase the strength and reduce the weight of concrete.
Seismic review of spiral façade building collated by rotated cantilever beam
Authors: Fajari M A , Sumarsono R A
Published: January 2021

Exposing building façade has led to a magnificent look of the whole building structure creating the assumption of a complicated building structure. Spiral and free form building shape deliver the volatility of the design process not only because of static loading but also dynamic loading such as an earthquake. Modifying an octagon building core throughout its façade by applying an extension cantilever beams and rotating them is the main approach served in this paper establishing a spiral high-rise building. The angle of rotation is varied from 0 to 5 degrees per floor in order to see the stability of the building structure under dynamic loading. The length of the cantilever beam is restrained up to 9 m with the rotating path of an ellipse. The greater the rotation angle, the extreme cantilever beam length in some points. The displacement represents various unpredictable result as the rotation angle livened up as 2-degree and 3-degree rotation angle provides worst. Even though the spiral shape is enormous, the cantilever beam capacity grows critically particularly due to the torsion. Furthermore, reinforcement for the cantilever part must be well confined in order to increase the performance.
Developing CAD tools to determine optimal dimensions of thin-crusted weirs
Authors: Setiawan B I
Published: January 2021

Weir is an important hydraulic structure functioning to tap, measure, and control water discharge through it. In general, the relationship between discharge and water level involves many variables subjected to some constraints. These situations make finding the optimum dimensions of weirs takes time and may generate mistakes in computation processes. The objectives of this study are to develop tools in the form of computer programs to determine the optimal dimensions of thin-crusted weirs subjected to expected discharges and to produce text files that store the resulted data readable by common CAD readers. These tools are expected capable to obtain fast and accurate weir’s dimensions and accelerate design processes. As a result, the tools have been built to determine the optimum dimensions of four weir types (full-rectangular, partial-rectangular, trapezoidal, and triangular). The programs are written interactively in Visual Basic Language available in MS Excel. The outputs are displayed in graphics and can be saved in an SCR file readable by any CAD software. These programs are easy to use and can reduce a significant time to get the optimum dimensions and may help to accelerate weir designs. The tools are practical to use and are sharable to any interested parties.
Climate trends and rainfall patterns in the Ciliwung watershed, West Java of Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan B I , Ma’mun M I
Published: January 2021

Jakarta city is one of the capitals that prone to frequent flooding. The objective of this study was to reveal climate trends and rainfall patterns upstream that were deemed to contribute to the flooding. Based on the daily climate data over 35 years from 1985 to 2019 and by applying Mann-Kendall Test and Gumbel distribution model, the watershed has become hotter and drier as indicated by a significant increase of air temperature (between 0.48 °C – 1.26 °C) and decrease of the relative humidity (over 2.9%). While the annual rainfall ranged around 3158±432 mm and did not indicate any changes. There were 5 extreme rainfalls in 1992 amounted to 4104 mm, 1995 (3758 mm), 2000 (3593 mm), 2012 (3779 mm), and 2013 (4283 mm). The maximum daily rainfall tended to increase at the slope of 0.94 mm/year, but the trend was not considered significant. The most probable event (63%) of the maximum daily rainfall was 98 mm with its return period of 1.6 years. The largest maximum daily rainfall was 245 mm in 2007 with its return period of 187 years causing the heaviest flooding with the highest casualty. There were clear indications that the rainfalls upstream considerably correlated with flooding.
Economic valuation of SRI paddy
Authors: Hasanah N A I , Setiawan B I , Arif C , Widodo S
Published: January 2021

From an economic perspective, rice is an important crop. The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is known as a rice production technology with a high economic value. The economic value varies depending on different implementations of water level in the SRI paddy field. This study was conducted to determine the best water level for SRI paddy cultivation based on its economic value regarding paddy field ecosystem service. In this study, SRI paddy rice was cultivated in experimental pots, and the water levels were regulated at -12, -7, -5, -3, 0 and +2 cm from the soil surface by using Mariotte tubes. The economic value can be calculated using the Total Economic Value (TEV) framework, namely, by considering the amount of irrigation water used, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the yields. The value is then optimized by Excel solver to maximize the balance in economic value as the objective. The water level was set as a changing value with the constraint not less than -12 and not more than +2. This analysis found that the best water level for SRI paddy cultivation is -5.88 cm from the soil surface based on its economic value (49.708 million IDR per hectare).
Real-time irrigation scheduling for upland crop based on soil and climate characteristics of tidal lowland area in South Sumatera
Authors: Imanudin M S , Priatna S J , Prayitno B M B , Arif C
Published: January 2021

The research aims to determine the water requirement of plants based on soil and climate characteristics in the lowland area of South Sumatra. The study was conducted at the Soil Physics Laboratory, Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. Soil samples were taken from lowland areas at Tidal Lowland Reclamation in Telang I Banyuasin. Field research was conducted from March to November 2019. Climatic data were differentiated into rainfall conditions below 2,500 mm/year and more than 2,500 mm/year. The BUDGET model was used for simulations to determine real-time irrigation scheduling. The indicator crop is tomatoes, with a scenario arranged at the dry season planting period. The results showed that in the condition of annual rainfall < 2,500 mm, farmers need more irrigation frequencies compared to rainfall > 2,500 mm. Irrigation is not required under normal climatic conditions. Farmers only need to maintain the groundwater table under 40 cm using gate operation in the tertiary canal. Rainfall was sufficient to fulfill crop evapotranspiration. However, the irrigation scheduling was done every week during the initial growing stage and every ten days in the vegetative up to generative stages in the dry climatic condition.
Analysis of land requirements of Temesi final disposal facility, Gianyar Regency with 3R waste management scenario
Authors: Sudiartha G A W , Suyasa I W B
Published: January 2021

Based on waste generation projection in 2040, the total waste generation in Gianyar Regency was approximately about 1,208.88 m3/day from a total occupant of 593,436 inhabitants in Gianyar Regency. The existing supporting capacity of Temesi Final Disposal (Temesi Landfill) was 51,500 m3; meanwhile, the total waste generation in Gianyar Regency in 2020 is up to 146,356 m3 consequently Temesi Landfill was overloaded by untreated solid waste since 2020. To reduce waste generation and decrease the treatment burden in Temesi Landfill, solid waste management using 3R methods from household clusters needs to be applied. Using 3R concept, eventually, the waste generation that is disposed into Temesi Landfill can be reduced significantly by 63%, from 1,208.88 m3/day into 446 m3/day with a total weight of 148 tonne/day in 2040. Within the 3R waste management from households, the land requirement could be reduced to only 1.08 Ha in 2020 and 14.35 Ha in 2040 from previously about 3 Ha and 39 Ha. Within the forecast results, it is concluded that the upstream 3R scenario has a significant impact on reducing waste generation; thus, it will also lead to fewer landfill area demands.
Conversion of municipal solid waste to refuse-derived fuel using biodrying
Authors: Zaman B , Hardyanti N , Samadikun B P , Restifani M S , Purwono P
Published: January 2021

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Indonesia comes from urban settlements, markets, and industries. MSW decomposes naturally and without being used at all. The purpose of this study to convert MSW to refuse-derived fuel (RDF) using biodrying. The research was conducted on a laboratory scale using a biodrying reactor. The biodrying process takes place aerobically with an airflow rate of 6 L/min, the highest temperature reaches 60°C on the third day and the water content on the 21st day is 32.65%. The final RDF calorific value is 6,102.82 cal/g. This calorific value is equivalent to low-energy coal (brown coal). RDF from MSW can be applied to the cement industry that requires heat >6000 cal/g, PLTU requires 5242 cal/g, the metal industry requires 6000 cal/g, and the paper industry requires 5240 cal/g to carry out the production process.
The inverted U-shape relationship between education and environmental degradation: case of seven ASEAN Countries
Authors: Setyadharma A , Prasetyo P E , Oktavilia S
Published: January 2021

The empirical evidence on the impact of education on environmental degradation is not clear, with some studies find that education reduces environmental degradation, while others find the opposite direction. Unlike previous studies, this paper suggests that environmental degradation can be expressed as a quadratic function of educational level to investigate the existence of an inverted U-shape. The inverted U-shape means that at the beginning, increasing educational level deteriorates the environmental quality, and at a certain level, the rise of the educational level improves environmental quality. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of the existence of an inverted U-shape relationship between education and environmental degradation. This study employs panel data regression from seven ASEAN countries from 2011 to 2017. this study sets an equation model with two main variables, i.e., education level and square term of education level. The main results show that the education variable is statistically significant reducing the environmental quality. In contrast, the fair term of education level variable is statistically significant in improving environmental quality. In conclusion, this study confirms the existence of an inverted U-shape relationship between education and environmental degradation. The policy implications are also discussed based on the findings.
Simulation sediment transport in development location of a diesel power plant using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) methods
Authors: Yohana E , Utomo T S , Sumardi V S , Laksono D A , Rozi K , Choi K H
Published: January 2021

Research about Sediment Transport is important for the sustainability of coastal buildings. The infrastructure construction of the Halmahera Diesel Power Plant (PLTD) in the coastal area requires water supply as a cooling system. The supply of cooling water can be reduced because of erosion or sedimentation. This study uses CFD modelling of ANSYS FLUENT applications with variations in mass flow rates. The Eulerian-Lagrangian approach is used to predict the rate of erosion and accretion that occur around the place of Halmahera. Methods of Particle Size Distribution (PSD) numerical simulation is uniform. The simulation process results consist of particle mass, erosion, and accretion rate in the seabed. Variations in mass flow rates of 0.05 kg/s, 0.1 kg/s, 0.15 kg/s, 0.2 kg/s, 0.25 kg/s obtained the erosion rate respectively 5.425 x 10−7 mm/year, 1.085 x 10−6 mm/year, 1.626 x 10−6 mm/year, 2.170 x 10−6 mm/year, 2.712 x 10−6 mm/year. The result of the accretion rate obtained from the variation in mass flow rates is 301.43 mm/year, 602.87 mm/year, 904.30 mm/year, 1205.50 mm/year, 1507.77 mm/year. From this research. The result of simulation to be important to predict the rate of sediment transport for consideration in the development location of construction Halmahera PLTD.
The effect of roof surface area on the quality and quantity of rainwater runoff in the rainwater harvesting system
Authors: Faza K , Suwartha N
Published: January 2021

Rainwater harvesting system is one of the alternative sources of clean water supply to be used during the dry season. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of roof area on the quality and quantity of rainwater runoff and determine the potential of rainwater runoff based on quality standards. The observation was conducted 2 different times and collected 23 samples of rainwater runoff from 11 different roof areas. Daily rainfall intensity data during the observation period were analyzed to estimate the quantity of rainwater runoff discharges from the rooftop catchment area. The results showed that parameters that meet the clean water quality standard are turbidity, iron, manganese, nitrate, and nitrite in both observation time. While the color, pH, TDS, and E. coli exceeds the clean water quality standard. The highest rainwater runoff volume was 20.59 m3 for the first week and the second week was 14.06 m3. In conclusion, the rooftop catchment area significantly affects the quantity and quality of rainwater runoff, and potentially be used as a clean water supply through a simple water treatment unit.
Student responses in environmental education using information technology at the Purwodadi Botanical Garden
Authors: Ginardi R V H , Laksono R A , Husni M , Ghozali K , Hariadi R R
Published: January 2021

Purwodadi Botanical Garden is an ex-situ plant conservation institution, as a conservation institution, one of the activities of Purwodadi Botanical Garden is environmental education. Increasing student visits and decreasing environmental education guides are problems that are being faced, therefore the use of information technology needs to be utilized to overcome these problems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pre-use of information technology in environmental education. Evaluation is aimed at elementary school students, junior high school, and high school. This study used a survey method with a questionnaire. The focus of the questionnaire is on the ease, interest, and adequacy of the information presented. Data analysis was performed using the descriptive analysis method with the division according to respondent education levels. Results of the analysis of the use of information technology in the Purwodadi Botanical Gardens show that at the primary school level, 49% are very satisfied, 44% are satisfied. at the secondary school level 30% are very satisfied, 58% are satisfied. at the high school level 39% are very satisfied, 56% are satisfied. From the results of research, the use of information technology for environmental education can be well received by students and can be immediately implemented.
Utilization of moringa oleifera leaves for making hand sanitizers to prevent the spread of COVID-19 virus
Authors: Arifan F , Broto R W , Sapatra E F , Pujiastuti A
Published: January 2021

Nowadays, the presence of Covid-19 in Indonesia is so terrible. But in truth, this virus can be prevented by maintaining personal hygiene. One of the simplest ways to maintain personal hygiene is to wash your hands and use hand sanitizers as a practical measure if there is no time to wash hands or limited water in certain places. Moringa leaves contain natural antiseptic ingredients, such as polyphenols. Antiseptic material can be processed into natural hand sanitizers. The results of various tests such as organoleptic, viscosity, scattering, and antibacterial test, shown that the percolation extraction method could produce an extract of hand sanitizers. It can be processed into hand sanitizers which comply with hand sanitizer quality standards. Moringa leaf extract hand sanitizer has many antibacterial components, namely saponins, triterpenoids, and tannins. The best result shows 24 minutes of the percolator, with heating temperature 40 °C and stirring time 45 minutes. The results obtained a viscosity of 2120 Cps, 4,79 cm of scattering test, and the average diameter of inhibition zones of 23,33 mm and fulfill the required standard.
Impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on traditional oil mining at Wonocolo Village Kedewan Sub-District Bojonegoro Regency East Java
Authors: Rahmawati L A , Afiati N , Putranto T T
Published: January 2021

Mining in the world consists of modern and traditional mining. Various studies have discussed how field workers were precarious at being exposed to Covid-19 in modern mining. Many studies discuss ways of modern mines overcoming Covid-19, but discussion of research related to the impacts of Covid-19 on traditional mining has not been carried out. This study addressed the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on traditional oil mining in Wonocolo, Bojonegoro Regency. This work is a descriptive study using observation and in-depth interviews and reviewing secondary data related to conventional mining activities. The results showed that the Covid-19 pandemic has an indirect effect on traditional oil mining activities in Wonocolo. The pandemic caused a decrease in demand, a drop in selling prices, lower production, and temporary closure of wells in Wonocolo traditional mining. In contrast, Covid-19 did not directly affect miners’ activities since the miners believed that Covid-19 could not infect them due to the very extreme condition in the mining area that the Coronavirus would not survive.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) of portland composite cement (PCC) 50 kg papercraft bag at PT. Semen Padang
Authors: Panggabean T , Aziz R , Dewilda Y
Published: January 2021

PT. Semen Padang produces several cement types, including PCC, with a total production of up to 6,568,354 tons in 2018. PCC production reached 54% of the total, where the size of 50 kg bag dominates the production with 93%, and the use of papercraft bags as the cement packaging is 78.39%. This research aims to analyze the environmental impacts of the production of 1 ton of PCC 50 kg paper craft bag using the LCA method. The gate-to-gate approach applies as the boundary, ranging from raw mill till packing unit. The impact assessment method uses IMPACT 2002+ to assess the environmental impact of the production. The result shows that the highest environmental impacts are global warming, non-renewable energy, and respiratory inorganics, with the value amounted to 0.10884252 Pt. The process of calcination and coal used in the kiln, packaging transport by diesel-powered trucks, and electricity use is the main contributor to the impact value. In order to improve the PCC production, it is recommended to have an alternative fuel on the kiln unit using rice husks or Mischantus giganteus.
Construction of co-culture of microalgae with microorganisms for enhancing biomass production and wastewater treatment: a review
Authors: Padri M , Boontian N , Piasai C , Tamzil M S
Published: January 2021

The development of microalgae cultivation in wastewater has been explored for years. Several wastewaters and nutrient sources related to biomass generation have been combined in recent years. On the other hand, several factors seem to reduce the possibility of industrialized this concept shortly. The growth rate and harvesting cost of the algae are often pointed as the leading cause of the gap for industrialization of this concept. In order to counteract these problems, constructing microalgae in the form of co-culture consortia with microorganisms, such as bacteria and yeast, have been reported to enhance the production of biomass under a short period of cultivation. This review highlights the strategies to combine microbial strains and microalgae for improving the process of biomass generation based on the comparison of the productivity of single and consortium of microalgae cultivation. Subsequently, mechanisms to enhance microalgae growth are scrutinized based on their interaction. Furthermore, critical factors regarding the construction of the consortia are discussed. Eventually, identifying gaps in this concept is displayed to describe the path of future focuses in this potential field.
The study on the linkage between pollution load and water quality index of the Cidurian river - a case study of Serang District segments
Authors: Pemulasari L , Kurniawan B , Maryani Y
Published: January 2021

The increasing population and activities carried out on the Cidurian River banks impact increasing pollutants that enter the river to decrease river water quality. This study aims to determine the effect of the river’s pollution load from domestic, agricultural, and livestock sectors on the Cidurian river water quality index. Calculation results show that the Cidurian River Water Quality Index ranges from -59 to -14, heavily polluted to moderately polluted with heavily polluted locations in Kopo District. Likewise, with the calculation of pollution load, the highest value of pollution load is in Kopo District, with the domestic sector’s ratio 56%, agriculture 16.54%, and livestock 27.46%, respectively. Based on these calculations, it can be concluded that the Cidurian River Water Quality Index in the Serang Regency segment is strongly influenced by pollution load from the domestic sector compared to the agricultural sector and livestock sector in all monitoring locations. Hence, it is necessary to construct and operate a domestic wastewater treatment plant in densely populated areas, especially in Kopo District, to reduce the domestic sector’s pollution load, which is expected to increase the Cidurian River Water Quality Index.
Identification of flood vulnerable zones in Batu Ampar Village, Balikpapan City using Geographical Information System Methods
Authors: Harfadli M M , Ulimaz M
Published: January 2021

Balikpapan is one of the cities that is vulnerable to flooding. One of the areas that often experience flood problems is Batu Ampar Village, in which some of its areas are basin areas so that it is vulnerable to flooding. Batu Ampar Village is a trade and service center, as well as a regional education center. The threat of flooding will greatly affect the sustain of the economic aspects. The purpose of this study is to find the vulnerable flood zones in Batu Ampar Village. The method used in this study is to use the Weighted Product method for the parameters used. Then making overlay maps will be using the ArcGIS 10.2.1 software. The overlay results will show the classify of vulnerable flood zones in Batu Ampar Village. This research has resulted in four classifications of vulnerable flood levels in Batu Ampat village. They are not vulnerable, less vulnerable, vulnerable, and very vulnerable. Highly vulnerable areas that describe frequent floods have a weighting value of more than 37 with an area of 1.32 km2. The vulnerable flood areas were located in Km. 4 (RT 41); Social housing (RT 28 and RT 48) was based on a field survey.
Impacts of zeolite activation temperature and grain size toward bioretention system efficiency in removing Pb and Zn pollutant in stormwater runoff
Authors: Martama E , Suwartha N
Published: January 2021

Stormwater runoff can be utilized as a clean water supply through a simple treatment technology such as a bioretention system. However, this water treatment efficiency is influenced by various factors. Previous research showed that although the bioretention system had combined with a plant and media composition, effluent concentration still exceeds the quality standard. This research aimed to improve the bioretention efficiency in removing heavy metal Pb and Zn in stormwater runoff. Three variations of bioretention were prepared, with the same combination of 2 types of plants (Chrysopogon zizanioides and Iris pseudacorus) and media composition (zeolite: quartz: compost: soil = 6:2:1:1). The zeolite activation temperatures and grain sizes simulated with three discharges variation of initial Pb and Zn concentration of synthetic stormwater runoff. The results showed that modified bioretention produced higher Pb removal efficiency (99.95% on average) and Zn (98.89% on average). Besides, the effluent concentrations have met the water quality standard following Government regulation No. 82/2001. In conclusion, the higher temperature of activated zeolite combined with smaller grain size significantly enhance the removal efficiency of Pb and Zn in stormwater runoff.
Correlation with dust exposure rice milling worker’s lung function capacity in Sub-District Kerjo
Authors: Suryadi I , Matin H H A , Suhardono S , Rinawati S , Rachmawati S , Kusumaningrum L
Published: January 2021

Workers in the rice mill in Kerjo Subdistrict are at risk of lung function disorders due to dust exposure from milling activities. Dust exposure is a risk factor for impaired lung function. This study aims to see the correlation between environmental dust exposure and mill workers’ pulmonary function capacity. The study was conducted with rice milling workers in Sub District Kerjo. The research method was observational and crossed sectional. The total sampling technique was used to calculate the number of samples. Measuring dust with a high volume sampler is based on the guidelines from SNI 16-7058-2004. Lung function capacity was measured by spirometry, and the questionnaire assessed other variables. The results showed a significant relationship between dust exposure (p = 0.001; r = -0.648) on lung function capacity, where dust exposure had a strong correlation and had a negative direction. Workers should use PPE during work to minimize the risk of exposure.
Settlement infrastructure management for universal access in Ngantang District, Malang Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Elya N , Ari I R D , Hariyani S , Aji B S
Published: January 2021

The pillars of sustainable development do not look at the three main pillars, namely economic, social and environmental. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are divided into 17 goals to be achieved by 2030, one of which is the sixth goal to ensure sustainable clean water and sanitation management for all. The infrastructure problem related to sanitation in Ngantang Regency is the community’s low awareness to adopt a clean and healthy lifestyle, which is the main cause of problems with wastewater, garbage, or drainage in settlements. Fits to target of 100-0-100 Universal Access. The role of government and society is important in meeting the goal of universal access. Measurement of participation in implementing universal access priority handling uses Social Network Analysis (SNA), which is differentiated by pre-activity, activity implementation, and post-activity. The final result of this research is the settlement from the perspective of social conditions through measuring the level of participation, the value of relationship density, and finding a central actor who plays a role in bridging the community and government in implementing universal access programs.
Methane gas production from a mixture of cow manure, chicken manure, cabbage waste, and liquid tofu waste using the anaerobic digestion method
Authors: Arifan F , Abdullah  , Sumardiyono S
Published: January 2021

Biomass is valuable alternative energy worldwide as a substitute for fossil fuels can be converted into various forms of usable energy such as heat, steam, electricity, biogas, and liquid transportation biofuels. Cabbage waste, tofu liquid waste, cow dung and chicken manure is dangerous for the surrounding environment, which produces CH4 gas and has quite high BOD and COD values. This liquid waste has an amount of COD, suspended solids, and a high total solids content. One solution to overcome this pollution is by processing the waste into biogas, especially methane gas. The material will be transformed into methane gas by fermentation through the anaerobic digestion method. Before converting into biogas, initial characterization will be carried out in total C content, total N, COD, and C/N ratio. Then, from the biogas produced, the maximum data obtained is in variable B4 (55% cow dung: 15% chicken manure: 15% cabbage waste: 15% liquid tofu waste) with a total amount of gas of 7140 ml. This shows that tofu liquid waste can increase the potential amount of biogas produced.
Remote sensing-based spatial distribution of rice crop production and varieties in Cidahu Sub-District, Sukabumi Regency
Authors: Lestari S , Shidiq I P A , Rokhmatuloh  , Supriatna
Published: January 2021

Paddy (Oryza Sativa, sp.) is the main food commodity of most Indonesian. Generally, Indonesia has several rice crop varieties, which are selectively planted by farmers to increase rice crop production value. Recorded in 2019, Cidahu has a relatively high value of paddy rice production of 20.721 tons. One effective way of monitoring rice crops is by utilizing remote sensing technology, both radar and optical imagery. Radar and optical datasets are very potential to be applied in tropical and sub-tropical regions, which are prone to cloud-cover. The combination of the two complement each other in increasing the accuracy of classification. This study aims to analyze the spatial phenology of paddy, map the distribution patterns of paddy rice varieties, and analyze rice crop production’s spatial patterns using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 imageries in Cidahu sub-district, Sukabumi Regency. The combination of polarization from SAR and vegetation index from optical images are used to determine the planting stages of paddy, which then serves as a guide for identifying rice varieties. The paddy stages are categorized into land preparation, vegetative, generative, and maturative. The yield from the 3,443 hectares of harvested area is 20.000-21.000 tons per hectare.
Conversion of coal fly ash into advanced crystalline materials
Authors: Kurniawati M , Azhari N J , Kadja G T M , Mukti R R , Notodarmojo S
Published: January 2021

In recent years, coal fly ash disposal has become one concerning environmental problems in Indonesia. Although coal fly ash is remains categorized as hazardous solid waste in several countries, it is also widely known as a valuable material used in various fields, including as a precursor for the synthesis of advanced crystalline materials such as zeolite and geopolymer. Previous studies mainly focused on the utilization of coal fly ash originated from the thermal power plant. This research done to acknowledge the potency of coal fly ash originated from the textile industry to be further converted into new advanced materials through several procedures, such as (1) modification using NaOH solution (FA-Na), (2) synthesized into geopolymer (Geo), and (3) synthesized into zeolite-A (FA-LTA). Characterization of synthesized products conducted using various techniques, i.e., X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The results show that increasing crystallinity, specific surface area, and CEC in the samples are directly proportional to the increasing alkali concentration used. This research has proven that coal fly ash originated from the textile industry and could also synthesize zeolite and geopolymer.
The existence of a shortcut as an urban space system to support physic and mental health
Authors: Harani A R , Atmodiwirjo P , Yatmo Y A , Riskiyanto R
Published: January 2021

This paper investigates the role of shortcuts as a system in urban space to support the creation of a healthy city. In general, shortcuts can be understood as a form of connectivity in urban spatial systems. However, in particular, this paper explores the presence of shortcuts as part of a system that can improve physical and mental health. Health is one of the factors that are considered in today’s urban design. It is believed that the development of walkability in urban spaces can improve the community’s physical health. Previous studies have developed several forms of walkable urban spaces and physical activity benefits in urban spaces. Meanwhile, Indonesia’s shortcut character has its peculiarities because it includes social activities that present a sense of security, intimacy, and belonging. It also affects the mental health of the local community. This paper shows another perspective that everyday life in micro-urban environments can be developed to support macro-healthy city design. Further, this paper reveals that tracing micro-spatial practices created by shortcuts in the urban space system can positively influence mental and physical health.
Evaluation of community-based water supply system in Krembung, Sidoarjo
Authors: Marsono B D , Nirwisaya P M
Published: January 2021

Based on the National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN), access to drinking water is expected to reach 100%. However,PDAMDelta Tirta Sidoarjo has only been able to serve the drinking water by 37%. In concern to this fact, the Sidoarjo’s Government launchedPenyediaan Air Minum Berbasis Masyarakat(PAMSIMAS) in Krembung Sub-district. Therefore, to determine the condition and implementation ofthe PAMSIMASprogram, an evaluation through technical and non-technical aspects is needed to provide solutions and recommendations on improvingPAMSIMAS’performance. The data collection was conducted by doing surveys, water quality analysis in the laboratory, measuring water pressure using a pressure gauge manometer, and giving out questionnaires. The distribution system is continuous for 24 hours and serves 1.458 house connections. At its farthest point, the water pressure ranges from 4,80 – 7,50 mH2O. The water quality analysis showed that turbidity, color, iron, manganese, and total coliform did not meet the quality standard. About 47% of the respondents are interested in becoming customers. Factors that influenced the interest in becoming customers are water quality and limitations of the network. The solution and recommendations that can be applied are built a water treatment plant and developing new piping systems.
Filter performance evaluation of Karangpilang III drinking water treatment plant PDAM Surya Sembada Surabaya
Authors: Marsono B D , Camellia A
Published: January 2021

Due to uprating, decreasing the quality of the effluent filter and unstable backwash frequency on its unit filter per day result in the volatility of Karangpilang III water production quantity and quality. Two evaluations were conducted to determine the performance of the unit filter and its backwash process. The parameter used in the evaluation is turbidity. The first evaluation showed that (1) the turbidity of all units has complied with the national regulation. However, five units were found to not comply with the criteria from PDAM; (2) the ratio of backwash volume and water production indicated that the performance of filter number 5-10 was normal with a percentage between 3-7%; (3) only five units have fulfilled UFRV criteria being within the range of 300-500 m3/m2. Further assessment on filter numbers 2 and 10 was conducted using filter coring method. The loss of media, unstratified media, cracking, and air binging were seen on filter numbers 2 and 10. Based on the post-backwash turbidity value profile, removal and effluent turbidity of filter number 2 were better than filter number 10. Floc retention filter profile of filter number 10 showed different conditions in each sampling depth from 3 sampling points.
Persistence of carbaryl pesticide in environment using system dynamics model
Authors: Sunaryani A , Rosmalina R T
Published: January 2021

Carbaryl, one of the carbamate insecticides are used extensively for pest control in agriculture. The chemical is highly valued for its rapid action and relatively short environmental persistence. Because of its widespread and intensive use, residues of carbaryl have the potential to contaminate the environment. This study aims to formulate a system dynamics model to simulate a degradation process of carbaryl. Since carbaryl was not readily volatilizing, this study only estimates the concentration and degradation of carbaryl in soil and water. The result revealed that carbaryl degraded rapidly, with a half-life of 7 days in soil and two days in water. The model was validated with a laboratory experiment using solid phase extraction reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography to determine carbaryl concentration. 12.82 % percentage error compared to the experimental value indicated that the developed model’s prediction was acceptable. The model can be used to estimate the presence of carbaryl pesticide in soil and water. Findings from this study can be used to assess the fate and the impact of carbaryl pesticide in the environment.
GIS-based multi-criteria analysis for nuclear power plant site selection in West Kalimantan
Authors: Salsabila K , Saraswati R , Shidiq I P A , Susiati H
Published: January 2021

Nuclear power is set as the highest priority to slow global warming, so the construction of a nuclear power plant (NPP) using nuclear reactors as a source of heat energy is initiated to produce pollution-free electricity. Bengkayang and Mempawah Regencies in West Kalimantan provinces are selected as prospective NPP locations based on the exclusion and discretionary criteria. The exclusion criteria consist of the geological structure, types of bedrock, the existence and sufficiency of the cooling water, proximity to the population center, and terrain shape. Meanwhile, the discretionary criterion is proximity to the road network. This study aims to map and analyze the exclusion and discretionary criteria for potential NPP. The multi-criteria analysis in this study includes screening analysis, regional suitability analysis, and descriptive spatial analysis. It is performed using the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technique on spatial data information. The screening process produced six potential locations to be used as NPP. Five locations are in Bengkayang Regency, precisely in Sungai Raya Kepulauan District and Sungai Raya District. Another location is in Mempawah Regency, precisely in Sungai Kunyit District.
Electrodeposition for rapid recovery of cobalt (II) in industrial wastewater
Authors: Widiyanto H , Kosimaningrum W E , Rahmayetty
Published: January 2021

Cobalt (II) recovery from wastewater opens the opportunity for sustainability and green process. Herein, cobalt (II) was recovered from the aqueous solution by electrochemical cell method, so-called electrodeposition. Cobalt electrodeposition from the solution was conducted in the electrochemical cell using a graphite anode and a stainless-steel cathode by varying current (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 1.25 A), pH (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6), and cobalt concentration (10, 20, 30, and 50 ppm). The monitoring of all cobalt concentration changes was using ICP AES spectrophotometer. Electrodeposition at various applied currents has been removed 99.81% of cobalt from the solution in 20 minutes. Prolonging electrodeposition up to 25 minutes has removed 100% cobalt in the solution. Electrodeposition was also found useful at acidic to neutral pH by removal efficiency 99.37% in 20 minutes of the process. Cobalt in various concentration solutions can be removed 99.54% by applying a current of 0.25 A for 20 minutes. The conclusion is that the cobalt recovery process from PTA plant wastewater is feasible to be further developed.
Designing interpretation tracks for nature tourism in Tahura Gunung Menumbing, West Bangka
Authors: Krisma E E , Marhaento H
Published: January 2021

Taman Hutan Raya (Tahura) Gunung Menumbing is a well-known protected area in West Bangka, Indonesia, and a popular heritage site for its old historical house located at the top of the mountain that was used by the Dutch to isolate the founding fathers of the Republic Indonesia during the war era. Although it has been a popular tourism site, many potential attractions in Tahura Gunung Menumbung are still unexplored. This research aimed to design interpretation tracks for nature tourism in Tahura Gunung Menumbing to increase tourism destination attractiveness. To achieve the research purposes, this research used the combination of field surveys, literature reviews, and interviews. We followed the procedure from the Bureau Land of Management to score the landscape attractiveness. It was found 142 plant species, 61 animal species, and 12 landscape points of interests that were potential to be the interpretation objects. We identified 10 interpretation tracks varied from 160 to 4,200 meter in length and contained 2 – 8 interpretation objects. Six interpretation programs are then proposed, such as Menumbing Jungle Tracks, Tin Mining Explorations, Primates of Menumbing, Snakes to Explore, Menumbing-Belt Adventure, and Menumbing’s landscape and socio-culture.