bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the immune response to sciatic nerve injury identifies efferocytosis as a key mechanism of nerve debridement
Authors: Kalinski Ashley L , Yoon Choya , Huffman Lucas D , Duncker Patrick C , Kohen Rafi , Passino Ryan , Hafner Hannah , Johnson Craig , Kawaguchi Riki , Carbajal Kevin S , Jara Juan Sebastian , Hollis Edmund , Geschwind Daniel H , Segal Benjamin M , Giger Roman J
Published: December 2020

Sciatic nerve crush injury triggers sterile inflammation within the distal nerve and axotomized dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Granulocytes and pro-inflammatory Ly6Chigh monocytes infiltrate the nerve first and rapidly give way to Ly6Cnegative inflammation-resolving macrophages. In axotomized DRGs, few hematogenous leukocytes are detected and resident macrophages acquire a ramified morphology. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of injured sciatic nerve identifies five macrophage subpopulations, repair Schwann cells, and mesenchymal precursor cells. Macrophages at the nerve crush site are molecularly distinct from macrophages associated with Wallerian degeneration. In the injured nerve, macrophages ‘eat’ apoptotic leukocytes, a process called efferocytosis, and thereby promote an anti-inflammatory milieu. Myeloid cells in the injured nerve, but not axotomized DRGs, strongly express receptors for the cytokine GM-CSF. In GM-CSF-deficient (Csf2-/-) mice, inflammation resolution is delayed and conditioning-lesion-induced regeneration of DRG neuron central axons is abolished. Thus, carefully orchestrated inflammation resolution in the nerve is required for conditioning-lesion-induced neurorepair.
Tackling the challenges of bioimage analysis
Authors: Pelt Daniël M
Published: December 2020

Using multiple human annotators and ensembles of trained networks can improve the performance of deep-learning methods in research.
Distribution of phylogenetic groups, adhesin genes, biofilm formation, and antimicrobial resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from hospitalized patients in Thailand
Authors: Tewawong Nipaporn , Kowaboot Siriporn , Pimainog Yaowaluk , Watanagul Naiyana , Thongmee Thanunrat , Poovorawan Yong
Published: December 2020

Background

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections and are often caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). We investigated the distribution of phylogenetic groups, adhesin genes, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm formation in E. coli isolated from patients with UTIs.

Methods

In the present study, 208 UPEC isolated from Thai patients were classified into phylogenetic groups and adhesin genes were detected using multiplex PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using agar disk diffusion. The Congo red agar method was used to determine the ability of the UPEC to form biofilm.

Results

The most prevalent UPEC strains in this study belonged to phylogenetic group B2 (58.7%), followed by group C (12.5%), group E (12.0%), and the other groups (16.8%). Among adhesin genes, the prevalence of fimH (91.8%) was highest, followed by pap (79.3%), sfa (12.0%), and afa (7.7%). The rates of resistance to fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and amoxicillin-clavulanate were  65%, 54.3%, and 36.5%, respectively. The presence of adhesin genes and antibiotic resistance were more frequent in groups B2 and C compared to the other groups. Of the 129 multidrug-resistant UPEC strains, 54% were biofilm producers. Our findings further indicated that biofilm production was significantly correlated with the pap adhesin gene (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion

These findings provide molecular epidemiologic data, antibiotic resistance profiles, and the potential for biofilm formation among UPEC strains that can inform further development of the appropriate prevention and control strategies for UTIs in this region.
METODOLOGIAS DE ENSINO PARA INSERIR HISTÓRIA E FILOSOFIA DA CIÊNCIA NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Kepps da Silva Peterson Fernando , Schwantes Lavínia
Published: December 2020

Pensar na inserção de elementos de história e filosofia da ciência (HFC) na Educação Básica pode parecer, para muitos, algo inviável ou de difícil execução, dada a abstração filosófica requerida para se trabalhar essa temática. Tendo isso em vista, objetivamos neste artigo apresentar duas atividades que intencionaram trazer metodologias de ensino que envolvem a HFC no Ensino Fundamental. Utilizamo-nos, para desenvolver o trabalho com os alunos, de discussões em torno do método científico, entendimentos de ciência e o caráter provisório dos conhecimentos produzidos pela mesma. Foi possível perceber o quanto atividades como estas podem promover um ensino mais comprometido tanto com questões históricas quanto filosóficas.
DO CAMPO Á MESA: O ENSINO INTEGRADO ATRAVÉS DA TEMÁTICA ALIMENTAÇÃO
Authors: Dutra Raiane Da Rosa , Coutinho Renato Xavier
Published: December 2020

A integração das disciplinas tem sido um grande desafio para educação, logo, elaborações de propostas integradas que estabeleçam relação entre teoria e prática são relevantes no âmbito escolar. A proposta da prática integrada “Do campo à mesa” teve como tema a alimentação e seus desdobramentos no cotidiano dos alunos. Participaram do estudo alunos e professores do Curso Técnico Integrado em Agropecuária de um IF. Analisaram-se ações do projeto: palestras, dias de campo e estações, revistas digitais, avaliação integrada e percepções de professores e estudantes. Verificou-se que os alunos alcançaram o objetivo do projeto, atuando efetivamente. Quanto aos professores não houve participação de todos. Portanto, é necessária uma maior cooperação dos professores e ampliação dos espaços para as práticas profissionais integradas.
A survey of veterinary professionals about their interactions with free-living native animals and the volunteer wildlife rehabilitation sector in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Haering Ron , Wilson Vanessa , Zhuo Annie , Stathis Peter
Published: December 2020

The views of veterinary professionals were surveyed to inform the New South Wales Government about the extent, cost and nature of services they provide to free-living native animals and their interactions with the volunteer wildlife rehabilitation sector. Our aim was to better understand the challenges faced by veterinarians and veterinary nurses and the veterinary practices they work from. The survey was part of an extensive review of the New South Wales wildlife rehabilitation sector to inform strategic improvements to volunteer standards and service delivery. We found New South Wales private veterinary practices and their staff provide an essential network of support for the rehabilitation of sick and injured free-living native animals. Nearly all responding private veterinary practices provided some type of service pro-bono. The annual value of free services and products was estimated to be $1,038,650. Reported average weekly animal caseload was about five with birds the most frequent patients. Cost of services was the main challenge faced by practices, followed by knowledge and skill of staff. Veterinarians and veterinary nurses considered their formal training to not be very useful in teaching skills relevant to free-living native animals and sought further professional development opportunities in animal assessment, treatment and rehabilitation techniques. Most respondents were satisfied with the standard of care afforded to native animals by volunteers. Complaints focused on delays in native animal pick-ups and communication with practice staff. We make recommendations for improving veterinary capacity and strengthening relationships with the volunteer wildlife rehabilitation sector.
Survey of Technologies Used in Cassava Processing in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State
Authors: Amadi N. S. , Solomon U. E.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to survey the technologies used in cassava processing in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State. Specifically, the study was proposed to determine the technologies used in harvesting, peeling, grinding, extracting water, sifting and frying crushed cassava tubers into Garri. A structured questionnaire titled “Survey of technologies used in cassava processing in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State (STUCP)”.was administered to one hundred-fifty farmers in ten villages in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Data was analyzed with the use of pictorial view of the technology used in cassava processing and Statistical package for social science was used in determining the frequency, percentage and mean. The findings revealed that more need to be done in terms of the technology used in harvesting, peeling, grinding, extracting water, sifting and frying crushed cassava tubers into Garri. One of the recommendations was that technology used in cassava processing should be improved in order to boost garri production in Rivers State.
Effect of Cashless Policy on Deposit Money Banks Profitability in Nigeria
Authors: Nwakoby Clem , Chukwu Kenechukwu Origin , Oghenetega Ezekiel Okoh
Published: December 2020

The effect of cashless policy on deposit money banks is expected to increase the profitability of banks; it lowers the operational costs and curbs corruption. As such this study tends to ascertain the effect of cashless policy on deposit money banks profitability in Nigeria from 2009 to 2019. Secondary data from the Statistical bulletin of Central Bank of Nigeria was used in the study and the ARDL Auto-regressive Distributed lag model was used as a method of data analysis. The explanatory variables are Point of Sale (POS) Terminal, Automated Teller Machine, Mobile Banking, and Web Payment while the dependent variable is Profit before Tax. The result from the research indicates that cashless policy has a negative and insignificant effect on profit before tax of deposit money banks in Nigeria within the study period. The study, therefore, makes the following recommendations; banks should educate their customers more on the importance of cashless policy and some of the innovative products they are bringing in the market. They should also improve their financial infrastructure. Power generation and distribution should be improved upon as no electronic banking can take place without adequate power supply. Banks should set up appropriate security processes and use up to date programs to limit the effects of fraud on their products.
Employee Perception of the Impact of New Technology on Organizational Performance: A Case Study of Anuzo Palm Kernel Oil, Emene, Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Egbosionu Nneka
Published: December 2020

This study was a critical analysis of the employee perception of the impact of new technology on organizational performance. It was motivated by the often reported employee misalignment with the organizational objective of enthroning new technology as a way of staying afloat in the competition-ridden business climate. The objectives were to: Ascertain the perceived influence of acquisition of new technology on customer loyalty at Anuzo palm Kernel oil in Enugu, and to (ii) determine the extent to which introduction of new methods of production affects customer repeat purchase at Anuzo Kernel palm oil in Enugu. The study employed a quantitative situation analysis study (SAS) approach. In this approach, the quantitative opinion survey technique was employed in gathering data. The data were analyzed statistically. The result of the study shows that the employee of the organization, therefore, sees it as a medium towards effective management and consistent delivery of services to customers which in turn brings about repeated purchases and loyalty from the customers.
Finding Research Topic and Its Effect on Research Learners’ Motivation: An Action Research
Authors: Dorji Jigme
Published: December 2020

This paper reports the findings from an action research on effect of teaching how to find research topic to the undergraduate students’ interest and motivation in learning research. The action research employing mixed methods approach was conducted on 95 first year Bachelor of Bhutan and Himalayan Studies (BHS) students taking research methods course at the College of Language and Culture Studies, Royal University of Bhutan. Baseline data were collected using self-developed questionnaire (N=95), focus group interview (N=6) and four experts’ rating on students’ research topics. Intervention strategies to find research topic were adapted from Bui [1] and Lester and Lester Jr.’s [2] framework and implemented to enable students to speculate, frame and evaluate their research topic. After three weeks of intervention, a post-intervention data were collected employing same procedures and tools as the pre-survey data were collected. Further, to validate the findings, researcher added field notes from the observation during implementing the intervention. Findings showed that intervention strategies have made an impact on students’ ability to find research topic, which in turn indicated that students interest and motivation towards research learning augmented. Recommendations to fortify students’ research learning experience and need for future research are also provided.
Application of Genomics and Phenomics in Plant Breeding for Climate Resilience
Authors: Ndlovu Noel
Published: December 2020

Advances in the fields of genomics and phenomics are currently creating significant foundations for the sustainable intensification of plant breeding initiatives targeting climate resilience. Genomics is a biological study that focuses on architecture, function, editing, mapping, and evolution of genomes. It can be applied extensively in climate resilience breeding for cost-effective, rapid, and high-through put genotyping, phenotyping, and trait mapping. The efficacy of genomics-assisted breeding (GAB) is strongly hinged on the high resolution and robustness of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and CRISPR/Cas9-based Gene Editing systems. The integration of genomics and phenomics in crop improvement can upscale the efficiency of breeding systems targeting climate resilience and hasten cultivar release cycle. Phenomics is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the enhanced measurement of plant performance, growth, and composition. Similarly, phenomics has revolutionized the efficacy of plant breeding off-trial initiatives established to phenotypically characterize and study diversity levels of collected germplasm. Field phenomics tools such as the phenonet, phenomobile, and phenonetwork have proven to be efficient in capturing large sums of multiscale and multidimensional experimental data. The main purpose of this review article is to present a summarized account of the probable applications of integrated systems of genomics and phenomics in plant breeding for climate resilience in major crops.
Influence of Prostate Cancer on Erectile Dysfunction in Northern Cameroon and Its Management
Authors: Simo Richard Tagne , Cheunieu Carmelle Noubissie , Ahmadou Mohamadou , Baiguerel Erika Myriam , Kamdje Armel Hervé Nwabo , Sillong Franklin Danki , Telefo Phelix Bruno
Published: December 2020

Due to the lack of hospitals with adequate technical platform on one hand, and high diagnostic costs that cannot be afforded most of the population, the incidence of prostate cancer in Cameroon has increased and has great impact on people’s health.

Aim: This work was undertaken with the objective to determine the impact of prostate cancer on erectile dysfunction and how to manage it.

Methodology: Sampling of the population was done in a comprehensive and non-probabilistic manner at the Urology Department of Ngaoundere Islamic Hospital, Ngaoundere, Cameroon, between June 2018 and November 2019. Of the 75 patients received, 50 of them participated in this study. Biopsies were taken from these patients to determine and confirm the form and stage of cancer followed by PSA assays. After the diagnosis was revealed, the testosterone assay was carried out in order to evaluate erectile functioning in the patients who equally completed a survey form made available to them in order to get an idea of their health history, the type of treatment followed and their lifestyle.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 67 years, with a predominance in the 60-70 age range. 85% of the patients had a Gleason score greater than or equal to 8. Of these patients, 42% had low testosterone levels (< 2.3 ng/mL), resulting to lack of morning erection (66.6%), loss of sexual desire (43.9%), difficulty having a spontaneous erection (88%). On the other hand, erectile dysfunction was revealed in the prostate cancer patients with low testosterone levels, with a history of hypertention (16.6%), diabetes (28.5%) alcohol consumption (44%), tobacco smoking (41%) and having undergone as prostate cancer treatment involving transurethral resection of the prostate (80%) and orchiectomy (20%).

Conclusion: The major cause of erectile dysfunction observed in patients suffering from prostate cancer in Northen Cameroon can be attributed to the evolution of the disease, as well as the health history of the patients (diabetes, hypertension).
Microbiological Research of the Effects of Electromagnetic Fields of the Bacteria Escherichia coli, Enterococci, Coliforms and Clostridium perfringens
Authors: Valcheva Nedyalka , Ignatov Ignat
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study was to analyze the microbiological effects of electromagnetic fields with method of Drossinakis with reliable microbiological methods. A comparative analysis of the number of bacteria of a given species before and after electromagnetic influence was performed. For the research was applied water with the following bacteria –Escherichia coli, Enterococci, Coliforms and Clostridium perfringens.

The method of Drossinakis is including the electromagnetic waves in the electromagnetic spectrum, from 1 Hz to 3.1015 Hz. For the inhibiting effects on bacteria the method of Drossinakis is including low frequencies from 20 till 70 Hz.

The study shows the effects with low frequencies electromagnetic waves for decreasing of the number of bacteria. The controlled microbiological parameters are defined by the membrane method and by using of differential diagnostic nutrient media at 24 hours.
Identification of the fatty acid coenzyme‐A ligase FadD1 as an interacting partner of FptX in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyochelin pathway
Authors: Roche Béatrice , Mislin Gaëtan L. A. , Schalk Isabelle J.
Published: December 2020

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important nosocomial bacteria emerging as a highly multidrug‐resistant pathogen. P. aeruginosa produces two siderophores including pyochelin (PCH) to fulfil its need for iron during infections. We know that both outer and inner membrane proteins FptA and FptX are involved in the ferri‐PCH uptake, but this process requires increasing molecular and biochemical knowledge. Here, using bacterial two‐hybrid and copurification assays we identified the fatty acid coenzyme‐A ligase FadD1 as a novel interacting partner of the inner membrane transporter FptX and found that FadD1 may play a role in PCH production. We managed to purify the FadD1–FptX inner membrane complex and obtained low‐resolution 3D models, opening the way for future high‐resolution structures.
Clinical perspectives and concerns of metformin as an anti‐aging drug
Authors: Wang Chuyao , Chen Bangwei , Feng Qian , Nie Chao , Li Tao
Published: December 2020

As percentages of elderly people rise in many societies, age‐related diseases have become more prevalent than ever. Research interests have been shifting to delaying age‐related diseases by delaying or reversing aging itself. We use metformin as an entry point to talk about the important molecular and genetic longevity‐regulating mechanisms that have been extensively studied with it. Then we review a number of observational studies, animal studies, and clinical trials to reflect the clinical potentials of the mechanisms in lifespan extension, cardiovascular diseases, tumors, and neurodegeneration. Finally, we highlight remaining concerns that are related to metformin and future anti‐aging research.
Venetoclax with decitabine vs intensive chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia: A propensity score matched analysis stratified by risk of treatment‐related mortality
Authors: Maiti Abhishek , Qiao Wei , Sasaki Koji , Ravandi Farhad , Kadia Tapan M. , Jabbour Elias J. , Daver Naval G. , Borthakur Gautam , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Pierce Sherry A. , Montalbano Kathryn S. , Pemmaraju Naveen , Naqvi Kiran , Ohanian Maro , Short Nicholas J. , Alvarado Yesid , Takahashi Koichi , Yilmaz Musa , Jain Nitin , Kornblau Steven M. , Andreeff Michael , Bose Prithviraj , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Issa Ghayas C. , Masarova Lucia , Thompson Philip A. , Rausch Caitlin R. , Ning Jing , Kantarjian Hagop M. , DiNardo Courtney D. , Konopleva Marina Y.
Published: December 2020

Hypomethylating agents (HMA) with venetoclax is a new standard for older/unfit patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, it is unknown how HMA with venetoclax compare to intensive chemotherapy (IC) in patients who are “fit” or “unfit” for IC. We compared outcomes of older patients with newly diagnosed AML receiving 10‐day decitabine with venetoclax (DEC10‐VEN) vs IC. DEC10‐VEN consisted of daily venetoclax with decitabine 20 mg/m2 for 10 days for induction and decitabine for 5 days as consolidation. The IC cohort received regimens containing cytarabine ≥1 g/m2/d. A validated treatment‐related mortality score (TRMS) was used to classify patients at high‐risk or low‐risk for TRM with IC. Propensity scores were used to match patients to minimize bias. Median age of the DEC10‐VEN cohort (n = 85) was 72 years (range 63‐89) and 28% patients were at high‐risk of TRM with IC. The comparator IC group (n = 85) matched closely in terms of baseline characteristics. DEC10‐VEN was associated with significantly higher CR/CRi compared to IC (81% vs 52%, P < .001), and lower rate of relapse (34% vs 56%, P = .01), 30‐day mortality (1% vs 24%, P < .01), and longer overall survival (OS; 12.4 vs 4.5 months, HR = 0.48, 95%CI 0.29‐0.79, P < .01). In patients at both at high‐risk and low‐risk of TRM, DEC10‐VEN showed significantly higher CR/CRi, lower 30‐day mortality, and longer OS compared to IC. Patients at both high‐risk and low‐risk of TRM had comparable outcomes with DEC10‐VEN. In conclusion, DEC10‐VEN offers better outcomes compared to intensive chemotherapy in older patients with newly diagnosed AML, particularly in those at high‐risk of TRM.
Pyrene‐fused Dibenzoazatetracenes: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Photophysical Properties and their Morphologies
Authors: Wang Qingsong , Gao Wei , Chen Yan , Wang Xiaohui , Zeng Jin , Liu Yiwei , Ran Huijuan , Hu Zhen , Bai Jie , Feng Xing , Redshaw Carl , Chen Qing , Hu Jian‐Yong
Published: December 2020

Molecular packing and microstructure can play a crucial role in the photophysical and electronic properties of organic semiconductor materials. This article presents six pyrene‐fused dibenzoazatetracenes 3 and the relationship between their molecular structures and the emission, and as well as the morphology has been investigated. All of the compounds display an aggregation‐caused emission quenching effect due to the extended π‐conjugation associated with the close π‐π stacking in their crystal structures. In terms of fluorescence, the compounds emitted sky‐blue emission with a maximum peak (λmaxem) in the range 469–474 nm with a quantum yield (Φf) of 0.37–0.50 in solution. In the solid state, the emission maximum red‐shifts to ∼528 nm and possesses a relatively low quantum yield (<0.16). In addition, the electronic effects of the terminal group shows only a limited effect on the emission behavior. On the other hand, tert‐butyl groups have been introduced at the pyrene core, and contribute to enhance the solubility of the compound, and also improve the quality of the morphology.
Cardiotoxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors: An updated review
Authors: Behravesh Soheil , Shomali Navid , Danbaran Gholamreza Rezaei , Aslani Saeed , Hemmatzadeh Maryam , Hosseinzadeh Ramin , Gowhari‐Shabgah Arezoo , Mohammadi Hamed
Published: December 2020

The immune checkpoint molecules are involved in the regulation of T cells in order to prevent them from attacking to sell tissues and play a role in the immune response homeostasis. Application of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has provided a promising therapeutic approach in pathologies where the immune system is suppressed. The extended utilization of ICIs in several cancers has caused immune‐related side effects in the cardiovascular system like cardiomyopathy and myocarditis. Cardiac toxicity, one of the main side effects of the ICIs‐based therapeutic approach, has less been concerned; however, during the last years, many cases of fatal heart failure and myocarditis have been reported in patients treated with ICIs. In this review article, we attempted to discuss the cardiac adverse effects of inhibiting different immune checkpoint molecules.
Modulation of cytokine production by monocytes and developing‐dendritic cells under the influence of leukemia and lymphoma cell products
Authors: Motta Juliana Maria , Rumjanek Vivian Mary
Published: December 2020

Cytokines and other soluble factors released by tumor cells play an important role in modulating immune cells to favor tumor development. Monocyte differentiation into macrophages or dendritic cells (DCs) with specific phenotypes is deeply affected by tumor signals and understanding this context is paramount to prevent and propose new therapeutic possibilities. Hence, we developed a study to better describe the modulatory effects of leukemia and lymphoma cell products on human monocytes and monocyte‐derived DCs secretion of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), IL‐6, and IL‐12. Except with the promyelocytic leukemia cell supernatants (HL‐60), the other two tumor supernatants (chronic myeloid leukemia, K562 and Burkitt lymphoma, DAUDI) increased both TNF‐α and IL‐1β production by monocytes and monocytes undergoing differentiation. This effect was neither explained by alterations of cell number in culture nor by the high amount of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) present in the tumor supernatants. Moreover, all supernatants used were able to induce drastic reduction of IL‐12 secretion by cells induced to activation, suggesting a negative interference with Th1 antitumoral responses that should be a huge advantage for tumor progression.
Dysregulation of the immune response in coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Mohamed Khosroshahi Leila , Rezaei Nima
Published: December 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) can trigger a cytokine storm in the pulmonary tissue by releasing various types of mediators, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Increased neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, as well as CD4+ T lymphopenia, is reported in cases with novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19), meanwhile, lymphopenia is a significant finding in the majority of COVID‐19 cases with a severe phenotype. Moreover, excessive activation of monocyte/macrophage and cytokine storms are associated with the severity of the disease and the related complications in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Understanding the immune response dysregulation in COVID‐19 is essential to develop more effective diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic strategies in this pandemic.
Proton‐Functionalized Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Efficient Metal‐Free Destruction of Escherichia coli under Low‐Power Light Irradiation
Authors: Ng Boon‐Junn , Musyaffa Muhammad Khosyi , Er Chen‐Chen , Packiam Kulandai Arockia Rajesh , Lee W. P. Cathie , Tan Lling‐Lling , Lee Hing Wah , Ooi Chien Wei , Chai Siang‐Piao
Published: December 2020

Universal access to clean water has been a global ambition over the years. Photocatalytic water disinfection through advanced oxidation processes has been regarded as one of the promising methods for breaking down microbials. The forefront of this research focuses on the application of metal‐free photocatalysts for disinfection to prevent secondary pollution. Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has achieved instant attention as a metal‐free and visible‐light‐responsive photocatalyst for various energy and environmental applications. However, the photocatalytic efficiency of g‐C3N4 is still affected by its rapid charge recombination and sluggish electron‐transfer kinetics. In this contribution, two‐dimensionally protonated g‐C3N4 was employed as metal‐free photocatalyst for water treatment and demonstrated 100 % of Escherichia coli within 4 h under irradiation with a 23 W light bulb. The introduction of protonation can modulate the surface charge of g‐C3N4; this enhances its conductivity and provides a “highway” for the delocalization of electrons. This work highlights the potential of conjugated polymers in antibacterial application.
Design and Synthesis of DDR1 Inhibitors with a Desired Pharmacophore Using Deep Generative Models
Authors: Yoshimori Atsushi , Asawa Yasunobu , Kawasaki Enzo , Tasaka Tomohiko , Matsuda Seiji , Sekikawa Toru , Tanabe Satoshi , Neya Masahiro , Natsugari Hideaki , Kanai Chisato
Published: December 2020

Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) inhibitors with a desired pharmacophore were designed using deep generative models (DGMs). DDR1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by matrix collagens and implicated in diseases such as cancer, fibrosis and hypoxia. Herein we describe the synthesis and inhibitory activity of compounds generated from DGMs. Three compounds were found to have sub‐micromolar inhibitory activity. The most potent of which, compound 3 (N‐(4‐chloro‐3‐((pyridin‐3‐yloxy)methyl)phenyl)‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)benzamide), had an IC50 value of 92.5 nM. Furthermore, these compounds were predicted to interact with DDR1, which have a desired pharmacophore derived from a known DDR1 inhibitor. The results of synthesis and experiments indicated that our de novo design strategy is practical for hit identification and scaffold hopping.
Fluorinated (Nano)Carbons: CFx Electrodes and CFx‐Based Batteries
Authors: Sharma Neeraj , Dubois Marc , Guérin Katia , Pischedda Vittoria , Radescu Silvana
Published: December 2020

Fluorine‐based chemistry is widely used in commercial battery technology, from primary batteries consisting of Li/CFx to binders for electrodes in secondary lithium‐ion batteries. Fluorine‐based compounds are also formed during operation for both battery configurations as discharge products such as LiF or as components of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layers on electrodes. Herein, the fluorinated carbons or CFx detailing the commercialization of the first Li/CFx cells are discussed‐ the understanding of how performance is correlated to composition or x, the various methods to synthesize CFx compounds, the correlation between the nature of the CF bonds and electrochemical performance, the role of theoretical studies in such endeavors, the use of CFx in alternative battery chemistries and the wide range of techniques available to probe either CFx compounds individually or CFx compounds in devices under electrochemical conditions. A picture of the field from which future directions can be derived is provided.
Individual‐specific functional connectome biomarkers predict schizophrenia positive symptoms during adolescent brain maturation
Authors: Fan Yun‐Shuang , Li Liang , Peng Yue , Li Haoru , Guo Jing , Li Meiling , Yang Siqi , Yao Meng , Zhao Jingping , Liu Hesheng , Liao Wei , Guo Xiaonan , Han Shaoqiang , Cui Qian , Duan Xujun , Xu Yong , Zhang Yan , Chen Huafu
Published: December 2020

Even with an overarching functional dysconnectivity model of adolescent‐onset schizophrenia (AOS), there have been no functional connectome (FC) biomarkers identified for predicting patients' specific symptom domains. Adolescence is a period of dramatic brain maturation, with substantial interindividual variability in brain anatomy. However, existing group‐level hypotheses of AOS lack precision in terms of neuroanatomical boundaries. This study aimed to identify individual‐specific FC biomarkers associated with schizophrenic symptom manifestation during adolescent brain maturation. We used a reliable individual‐level cortical parcellation approach to map functional brain regions in each subject, that were then used to identify FC biomarkers for predicting dimension‐specific psychotic symptoms in 30 antipsychotic‐naïve first‐episode AOS patients (recruited sample of 39). Age‐related changes in biomarker expression were compared between these patients and 31 healthy controls. Moreover, 29 antipsychotic‐naïve first‐episode AOS patients (analyzed sample of 25) were recruited from another center to test the generalizability of the prediction model. Individual‐specific FC biomarkers could significantly and better predict AOS positive‐dimension symptoms with a relatively stronger generalizability than at the group level. Specifically, positive symptom domains were estimated based on connections between the frontoparietal control network (FPN) and salience network and within FPN. Consistent with the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia, the FPN–SN connection exhibited aberrant age‐associated alteration in AOS. The individual‐level findings reveal reproducible FPN‐based FC biomarkers associated with AOS positive symptom domains, and highlight the importance of accounting for individual variation in the study of adolescent‐onset disorders.
Physicochemical susceptibility of SARS‐CoV‐2 to disinfection and physical approach of prophylaxis
Authors: Saadatpour Fatemeh , Mohammadipanah Fatemeh
Published: December 2020

The transmission control of the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the most effective strategy by the absence of its specified vaccine or drug. Although the aerosol mediated transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 has been confirmed, the physicochemical treatment of the biotic and abiotic objects is still the most promising approach in its infection control. The front line of the most effective disinfecting compounds on SARS‐CoV‐2 implies to be sodium hypochlorite, ethanol, hydrogen peroxide, quaternary ammonium compounds, and phenolic compounds, respectively. However, widely used compounds of alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (benzalkonium chloride) biguanides (chlorhexidine) have not shown the multitude load reduction in less than 10 minutes. The susceptibility of SARS‐CoV‐2 to physical treatment follows the pattern of heat, acidity, and UV radiation. Rather all of the mentioned physical or chemical treatments, target the envelope proteins of the coronavirus mainly by impairing its entry to host cells. The anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 activity of combinatorial physicochemical treatments or evaluation of new chemical entities or physical treatments such as microwave irradiation still needs to be explored. Therefore, the development of a reliable decontamination protocol for SARS‐CoV‐2 demands revealing its stability pattern study vs a spectrum of single and combinatorial physicochemical parameters.
The influence of parental warmth and stress on reading through approaches to learning: Racial/ethnic variation
Authors: Hill Tatiana , Palacios Natalia
Published: December 2020

When identifying parental socialization processes influencing children's reading achievement, building self‐regulation is a potential underlying mechanism. Yet socialization (i.e., warmth, stress) of self‐regulation may vary based on the sociocultural context of ethnic minority families. Using the ECLS‐K: 2011 (N= 17,020;MAge= 73.43 mos,SD= 4.48 mos), we explored: (RQ1) Do kindergarten approaches to learning (ATL), a composite of self‐regulation behaviours in the classroom context, mediate the association between parental warmth and stress and first grade reading? and (RQ2) Is mediation moderated by race/ethnicity (White, Black, Hispanic, Asian)? ATL mediated the association between parental warmth and stress and reading, such that parental warmth contributed positively to reading through higher ATL, and parental stress contributed negatively to reading through lower ATL. However, the lack of moderation suggests that the adaptiveness of parental warmth and maladaptiveness of parental stress for children's reading through ATL may be similar across race/ethnicity. Findings inform intervention and practice targeting children's school readiness.

Highlights

The current study explored whether parental warmth and stress influenced reading through approaches to learning skills, considering variation by race/ethnicity.

The mediation model and conditional process analysis reveal that across race/ethnicity, warmth benefits reading and stress is detrimental for reading.

Parental warmth and stress should inform interventions promoting children's school readiness, with attention to cultural practices of ethnically diverse families.
The impact of constitutional property law on insolvency law in South Africa
Authors: Brits Reghard
Published: December 2020

It is common for insolvency legislation to interfere with the property rights of debtors, creditors and third parties in pursuit of its purpose to provide an orderly and fair resolution to insolvency‐related problems. However, the South African property clause, Section 25 of the Constitution, prohibits arbitrary interferences with vested property interests. In light of this, this article focuses on the application of Section 25 to insolvency law in South Africa. The question is whether interferences with property rights in terms of insolvency legislation qualify as deprivations of property for constitutional purposes and, if so, whether they comply with the relevant validity requirements. This article investigates this question by explaining the interaction between insolvency law and constitutional law in general, followed by a closer look at the application and operation of the property clause in particular. Thereafter, three examples from case law are discussed to illustrate the role of constitutional property law in evaluating the effects of insolvency legislation in South Africa. The conclusion is drawn that, as long as the relevant requirements are met, the norms underlying the property clause do not hinder the development and implementation of legitimate and necessary insolvency procedures that could impact on vested property rights.
The impact of financial deepening on income inequality: Empirical evidence from Australia
Authors: Shi Yongfen , Paul Sudeshna , Paramati Sudharshan Reddy
Published: December 2020

The present research paper is designed to explore the role of financial development indicators on income inequality in Australia using yearly data from 1980 to 2014. Our study also accounts for other potential determinants of income inequality such as inflation, per capita income and trade openness. Our results from Bayer and Hanck (2013) cointegration test confirm the long‐run equilibrium relationship across the models. Similarly, the long‐run estimates from the quantile regression models and non‐parametric approach indicate that the financial development indicators, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, inflation and trade openness have significant positive impact on income inequality in Australia. However, the growth in per capita income plays the opposite role. Given these findings, our study offers numerous policy and practical implications and adds an important value to the empirical literature on the nexus between financial development and income inequality.
The effect of cardiac rehabilitation on blood pressure, and on left atrial and ventricular functions in hypertensive patients
Authors: Sahin Ahmet Anil , Ozben Beste , Sunbul Murat , Yagci Ilker , Sayar Nurten , Cincin Altug , Gurel Emre , Tigen Kursat , Basaran Yelda
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Hypertension is associated with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, impaired LV relaxation, and left atrial (LA) enlargement. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) improves clinical outcomes in a broad spectrum of cardiac disease. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of CR on blood pressure (BP), and on LA and LV functions in hypertensive patients.

Methods

Thirty consecutive hypertensive patients who would undergo CR program, and 38 hypertensive patients who refused to undergo CR program were included. All patients underwent ambulatory BP monitoring and transthoracic echocardiography, which were repeated after completion of the CR program, or 12 weeks later in the control group. LA and LV functions were assessed by both speckle tracking and 3‐dimensional echocardiography. N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels were assessed before and after CR.

Results

Although initial ambulatory BP values and NT‐proBNP levels were similar between the groups, daily, day‐time, and night‐time BP and NT‐proBNP were significantly lower in the CR group after rehabilitation. LA reservoir strain and LV global longitudinal strain of the CR group significantly increased after CR while no significant increase was observed in controls.

Conclusion

CR improves LA and LV strain while lowering BP and should be encouraged in routine management of hypertensive patients.
Assembling a library of typical surgery video clips to construct a system for assessing the surgical difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Kurata Masanao , Iwashita Yukio , Ohyama Tetsuji , Endo Itaru , Hibi Taizo , Umezawa Akiko , Suzuki Kenji , Watanabe Manabu , Asai Koji , Mori Yasuhisa , Higashida Masaharu , Kumamoto Yusuke , Shindoh Junichi , Yoshida Masahiro , Honda Goro , Misawa Takeyuki , Abe Yuta , Nagakawa Yuichi , Toyota Naoyuki , Yamada Shigetoshi , Norimizu Shinji , Matsumura Naoki , Sata Naohiro , Sunagawa Hiroki , Ito Masahiro , Takeda Yutaka , Nakamura Yoshiharu , Rikiyama Toshiki , Higuchi Ryota , Gocho Takeshi , Ueno Kimihiko , Kumagai Yuko , Kanaji Shingo , Takada Tadahiro , Yamamoto Masakazu
Published: December 2020

Background

To explore best practices for acute cholecystitis, it is necessary to construct a system to assess the difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) based on intraoperative findings. In this study, multiple evaluators assessed videos of LC to assemble a library of typical video clips for 25 intraoperative findings.

Methods

We have previously identified 25 items that contribute to surgical difficulty in LC. For each item, roughly 30‐second video clips were submitted from videos of LC performed at member institutions. We then selected one typical video from the collected clips based on simple tabulation of the instances of agreement. Inter‐rater agreement was assessed with Fleiss's κ and Gwet's agreement coefficient (AC).

Results

Except in the case of two assessment items (“edematous change” and “easy bleeding”), κ or AC significantly exceeded 0.5 and the typical videos were judged to be applicable. For the two remaining items, the evaluation was repeated after clarifying the definitions of positive and negative findings. Eventually, they were recognized as typical. The completed video clip library contains 31 clips and is divided into five categories (http://www.jshbps.jp/modules/project/index.php?content_id=13).

Conclusions

This clip library may be highly useful in clinical settings as a more objective standard for assessing surgical difficulty in LC.
Over 90% of clinical swabs used for SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnostics contain sufficient nucleic acid concentrations
Authors: Klingen Robin L. , Katschinski Benjamin , Anastasiou Olympia E. , Ross R. Stefan , Dittmer Ulf , Le‐Trilling Vu Thuy Khanh , Trilling Mirko
Published: December 2020

During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), reliable diagnostics are absolutely indispensable. Molecular SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnostics based on nucleic acids (NA) derived from oro‐ or nasopharyngeal swabs constitute the current gold standard. Given the importance of test results, it is crucial to assess the quality of the underlying swab samples and NA extraction procedures. We determined NA concentrations in clinical samples used for SARS‐CoV‐2 testing applying an NA‐specific dye. In comparison to cut‐offs defined by SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive samples, internal positive controls, and references from a federal laboratory, 90.85% (923 of 1016) of swabs contained NA concentrations enabling SARS‐CoV‐2 recognition. Swabs collected by local health authorities and the central emergency department either had significantly higher NA concentrations or were less likely to exhibit insufficient quality, arguing in favor of sampling centers with routined personnel. Interestingly, samples taken from females had significantly higher NA concentrations than those from males. Among eight longitudinal patient sample sets with intermitting negative quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results, two showed reduced NA concentrations in negative specimens. The herein described fluorescence‐based NA quantification approach is immediately applicable to evaluate swab qualities, optimize sampling strategies, identify patient‐specific differences, and explain some peculiar test results including intermittent negative samples with low NA concentrations.
Vivaldi dipolenano‐rectennaforIRenergy harvesting at 28.3THz
Authors: Amara Wided , Yahyaoui Ali , Eltresy Nermeen , Aseeri Mohammed , Hakim Bandar , Al‐Turki Yusuf , Rmili Hatem
Published: December 2020

A Vivaldi dipole rectenna system for infrared (IR) energy harvesting is investigated. First, a parametric study on the Vivaldi dipole antenna is performed to collect the maximum electric field between the Vivaldi poles. The antenna arms were optimized to achieve a high‐efficiency rectenna system. The two arms of the antenna were formed using two different metals, that is, gold and titanium. These two metals have different work functions, which facilitate the diode operation through tunneling at zero bias. The two arms of the Vivaldi dipole are overlapped, and a suitable insulator layer is injected in the overlapped area to form the metal‐insulator‐metal (MIM) diode. The MIM diode is an ideal candidate for this operation as it works without any bias, provided the two metals have different work functions. For rectenna operation, it is crucial that the rectifying diodes should work without any aid of external bias. The Al2O3is the insulator layer of the MIM diode. We have chosen Al2O3because it has a low dielectric constant at terahertz frequency regime, which allows us to match the operational cut‐off frequency, that is, 28.3 THz. A parametric study of the Al2O3insulator layer is performed to increase the captured received intensity. At the end, the nano‐antenna operates at a frequency band of [26 … 30 THz] to harvest IR energy from the environment with good efficiency and demonstrate its capacity to capture incident waves and obtain high‐intensity values within its gap. It is a development that could eventually boost electricity generation.