bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TGF-βR2 signaling coordinates pulmonary vascular repair after viral injury in mice and human tissue
Authors: Zhao Gan , Xue Lulu , Weiner Aaron I. , Gong Ningqiang , Adams-Tzivelekidis Stephanie , Wong Joanna , Gentile Maria E. , Nottingham Ana N. , Basil Maria C. , Lin Susan M. , Niethamer Terren K. , Diamond Joshua M. , Bermudez Christian A. , Cantu Edward , Han Xuexiang , Cao Yaqi , Alameh Mohamad-Gabriel , Weissman Drew , Morrisey Edward E. , Mitchell Michael J. , Vaughan Andrew E.
Published: January 2024

Disruption of pulmonary vascular homeostasis is a central feature of viral pneumonia, wherein endothelial cell (EC) death and subsequent angiogenic responses are critical determinants of the outcome of severe lung injury. A more granular understanding of the fundamental mechanisms driving reconstitution of lung endothelium is necessary to facilitate therapeutic vascular repair. Here, we demonstrated that TGF-β signaling through TGF-βR2 (transforming growth factor–β receptor 2) is activated in pulmonary ECs upon influenza infection, and mice deficient in endothelial
Tgfbr2
exhibited prolonged injury and diminished vascular repair. Loss of endothelial
Tgfbr2
prevented autocrine
Vegfa
(vascular endothelial growth factor α) expression, reduced endothelial proliferation, and impaired renewal of aerocytes thought to be critical for alveolar gas exchange. Angiogenic responses through TGF-βR2 were attributable to leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1, a proangiogenic factor that counterbalances canonical angiostatic TGF-β signaling. Further, we developed a lipid nanoparticle that targets the pulmonary endothelium, Lung-LNP (LuLNP). Delivery of
Vegfa
mRNA, a critical TGF-βR2 downstream effector, by LuLNPs improved the impaired regeneration phenotype of EC
Tgfbr2
deficiency during influenza injury. These studies defined a role for TGF-βR2 in lung endothelial repair and demonstrated efficacy of an efficient and safe endothelial-targeted LNP capable of delivering therapeutic mRNA cargo for vascular repair in influenza infection.
Illegal dumping of oil and gas wastewater alters arid soil microbial communities
Authors: Kashani Mitra , Engle Mark A. , Kent Douglas B. , Gregston Terry , Cozzarelli Isabelle M. , Mumford Adam C. , Varonka Matthew S. , Harris Cassandra R. , Akob Denise M.
Published: January 2024

The Permian Basin, underlying southeast New Mexico and west Texas, is one of the most productive oil and gas (OG) provinces in the United States. Oil and gas production yields large volumes of wastewater with complex chemistries, and the environmental health risks posed by these OG wastewaters on sensitive desert ecosystems are poorly understood. Starting in November 2017, 39 illegal dumps, as defined by federal and state regulations, of OG wastewater were identified in southeastern New Mexico, releasing ~600,000 L of fluid onto dryland soils. To evaluate the impacts of these releases, we analyzed changes in soil geochemistry and microbial community composition by comparing soils from within OG wastewater dump-affected samples to unaffected zones. We observed significant changes in soil geochemistry for all dump-affected compared with control samples, reflecting the residual salts and hydrocarbons from the OG-wastewater release (e.g., enriched in sodium, chloride, and bromide). Microbial community structure significantly (P< 0.01) differed between dump and control zones, with soils from dump areas having significantly (P< 0.01) lower alpha diversity and differences in phylogenetic composition. Dump-affected soil samples showed an increase in halophilic and halotolerant taxa, including members of the Marinobacteraceae, Halomonadaceae, and Halobacteroidaceae, suggesting that the high salinity of the dumped OG wastewater was exerting a strong selective pressure on microbial community structure. Taxa with high similarity to known hydrocarbon-degrading organisms were also detected in the dump-affected soil samples. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential for OG wastewater exposure to change the geochemistry and microbial community dynamics of arid soils.

IMPORTANCE

The long-term environmental health impacts resulting from releases of oil and gas (OG) wastewater, typically brines with varying compositions of ions, hydrocarbons, and other constituents, are understudied. This is especially true for sensitive desert ecosystems, where soil microbes are key primary producers and drivers of nutrient cycling. We found that releases of OG wastewater can lead to shifts in microbial community composition and function toward salt- and hydrocarbon-tolerant taxa that are not typically found in desert soils, thus altering the impacted dryland soil ecosystem. Loss of key microbial taxa, such as those that catalyze organic carbon cycling, increase arid soil fertility, promote plant health, and affect soil moisture retention, could result in cascading effects across the sensitive desert ecosystem. By characterizing environmental changes due to releases of OG wastewater to soils overlying the Permian Basin, we gain further insights into how OG wastewater may alter dryland soil microbial functions and ecosystems.
Complete genome sequences of bacteriophages Guetzie and SirVictor, isolated from
Microbacterium foliorum
Authors: Ngove Zefanias , Matthews Raegen , Goedken Jack , Huntington Sophia , Kirkle Lauren , Coleman Sean T.
Published: January 2024

Cluster EA4 Guetzie and SirVictor are lytic siphoviral bacteriophages that were isolated from soil in Waverly, Iowa, using
Microbacterium foliorum
NRRL B-24224 as the host. The Guetzie and SirVictor genomes are both 39,758 bp each, and both contain 58 predicted protein-coding genes with one tRNA gene each.
Seventy years of diminishing biocomplexity of California Central Valley hatchery steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Huber Eric R. , Ryan Rachael E. , Johnson Rachel C. , Sturrock Anna M. , Lusardi Robert A. , Carlson Stephanie M.
Published: January 2024

The California Central Valley steelhead ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) has declined precipitously since Euro-American colonization and has been listed as threatened under the United States Endangered Species Act since 1998. Hatchery-origin fish now dominate the population, and hatchery management is a key listing factor. However, scant release metric information is available. We compiled a time series of O. mykiss hatchery release data for all four Central Valley hatcheries releasing O. mykiss between 1948 and 2017. The biocomplexity of released fish has declined since the early 1980s. Individuals have been released at increasingly similar numbers, biomass, body sizes, times, and locations over time. Moreover, yearling fish have been released at larger sizes, leading to the near-exclusive release of age-1 smolts in February and March since the late 1990s and early 2000s. Pervasive reductions in release portfolios have likely occurred for other hatchery-supported Pacific salmonid stocks throughout the Pacific Rim region. In an increasingly variable environment, such reductions in intraspecific diversity could significantly affect population stability and resilience.
Scatterhoarders use seedlings as cues of belowground food availability
Authors: Ramirez Sarah B. , Steury Todd D.
Published: January 2024

Animals benefit from scatterhoarding, storing food around their home range for use during a period of scarcity, by later eating the stored food. Seedlings may be used as cues of belowground food. We investigated whether scatterhoarders such as eastern gray squirrels ( Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin, 1788) and eastern chipmunks ( Tamias striatus (Linnaeus, 1758)) use characteristics of seedlings and their seeds as physical cues of the value of the seed. We buried 176 germinating seeds (white oak ( Quercus alba L.) and northern red oak ( Quercus rubra L.)) in a hardwood forest in Alabama, USA. Seeds were recovered faster with longer leaves (rate ratio (RR) = 0.68, 0.58–0.78, 95% confidence limits (C.L.)) and taller stems (RR = 0.91, 0.88–0.93, 95% C.L.) during spring 2022, and with a smaller number (RR = 1.15, 1.04–1.27, 95% C.L.) of longer leaves (RR = 0.81, 0.70–0.93, 95% C.L.) during fall 2022 (both P < 0.0001). For all seeds, we found that longer roots increased the likelihood of seeds being used (rather than ignored; odds ratio = 1.45, 1.00–2.09, 95% C.L., P = 0.05). We found new evidence suggesting that hoarders use aboveground cues from the seedling to dig it up and belowground seedling cues to assess seed value. These findings add to our understanding of assessing food availability for hoarding animals.
The thorium isomer $$^{229m}$$Th: review of status and perspectives after more than 50 years of research
Authors: Thirolf Peter G. , Kraemer Sandro , Moritz Daniel , Scharl Kevin
Published: January 2024

Today’s most precise timekeeping is based on optical atomic clocks. However, those could potentially be outperformed by a nuclear clock, based on a nuclear transition instead of an atomic shell transition. Such a nuclear clock promises intriguing applications in applied as well as fundamental physics, ranging from geodesy and seismology to the investigation of possible time variations of fundamental constants and the search for dark matter. Only one nuclear state is known so far that could drive a nuclear clock: the “Thorium Isomer” $$^{229m}$$

229
m

Th, i.e., the isomeric first excited state of $$^{229}$$

229

Th, representing the lowest nuclear excitation so far reported in the landscape of nuclear isotopes. Indirectly conjectured to exist already in 1976, decades of experimental efforts were dedicated to unambiguously identify this elusive nuclear state and to characterize its properties. However, for 40 years, these efforts remained inconclusive. The turning point was marked by the first direct detection of $$^{229m}$$

229
m

Th via its internal conversion decay branch in 2016. Since then, remarkable progress could be achieved in characterizing the properties and decay parameters. The half-life of the neutral isomer was determined, the hyperfine structure was measured via collinear laser spectroscopy, providing information on nuclear moments and the nuclear charge radius and also the excitation energy of the isomer could be directly determined with different techniques. In a recent experiment at CERN’s ISOLDE facility, the long-sought radiative decay of the Thorium isomer could be observed for the first time via implantation of ($$\beta$$
β
-decaying) $$^{229}$$

229

Ac into a vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) transparent crystal and subsequent fluorescence detection in a VUV spectrometer. Thus, the excitation energy of $$^{229m}$$

229
m

Th could be determined with unprecedented precision to 8.338(24) eV, corresponding to a wavelength of 148.71(42) nm. These achievements, together with ongoing laser developments for the required VUV wavelength, open the door toward a laser-driven control of the isomeric transition and thus to the development of an ultra-precise nuclear frequency standard.
Analysis of Dynamical Assisting and Opposing Flow Characteristics of Darcy Surface-Filled Ternary Nanoparticles and Fourier Flux: Artificial Neural Network and Levenberg Method
Authors: Kumar Maddina Dinesh , Raju C. S. K. , Ashraf H. , Shah Nehad Ali , Ali Amjad , Mennouni Abdelaziz , Muhammad Noor , Wakif Abderrahim , Ramesh Katta , Vaidya Hanumesh , Oreyeni T. , Prasanna kumara B. C.
Published: January 2024

In this study, the effects of suction and buoyancy are used to analyze the Ternary hybrid nanofluid flow on a stretching sheet through a porous media. Ternary hybrid nanofluid is (Carbon nanotubes) CNT[Formula: see text]Graphene[Formula: see text] with base fluid as Water. Case-1 Buoyancy Assisting flow and Case-2 Buoyancy Opposing flow. Hybrid nanofluids have been used to speed up the heat transfer process. Nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) have been converted to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using Lie group transformations. The ODE45, an algorithmic approach, has been using the aid of this built-in solver, and the resulting Ordinary differential equations were resolved. The general relationship between temperature, velocity, heat transfer rate, and shear stress on a stretchy surface is shown for a range of values of the significant factors. The temperature profiles have been rising with the impact of [Formula: see text]. Using streamlines to examine the flow pattern of a fluid and a method of machine learning, in terms of modern language, an artificial neural network (ANN) made up of artificial neurons or nodes is known as a neural network. A neural network is a network or circuit of genetic neurons.
A High-Gain Directional 1 × 8 Planar Antenna Array for 2.4GHz RFID Reader Applications
Authors: El Ansari Abdelaaziz , Das Sudipta , Islam Tanvir , Asha Sivaji , El Amrani El Idrissi Najiba , Madhav Boddapati Taraka Phani
Published: January 2024

This research paper deals with a directional high gain PCB [Formula: see text] antenna array for 2.4[Formula: see text]ISM band utilizations. To achieve this antenna array, a well-matched equal-split 9[Formula: see text]dB-power splitter is designed and integrated with the suggested antenna array. It exhibits a wide operating range of 506[Formula: see text]MHz (2.022–2.528[Formula: see text]GHz) and splits the feed power to 8 equal-in-phase output quantities. Then eight identical patch elements with good reflection coefficient, high gain and excellent radiation efficiency are connected at the eight-output ports of the 1 × 8-power divider in order to obtain an array antenna consisting of eight radiating elements. A quarter-wave impedance adapter is utilized to obtain a perfect matching of impedance between patches and the power divider. The suggested directional antenna resonates at 2.4[Formula: see text]GHz with good impedance matching via offering reflection coefficient [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dB and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.16. Moreover, it offers good radiation traits like the enhanced gain of 14.76[Formula: see text]dB, an excellent radiating efficiency equals about 98.86% and a directional radiation pattern. Initially, the proposed planar directional antenna array has been designed and simulated utilizing high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) EM simulation tool, the results are validated with another simulation tool via computer simulation technology (CST) software. This printed antenna array is a potential candidate to operate at around 2.4[Formula: see text]GHz for RFID reader utilizations due to its outstanding impedance and radiation characteristics.
Power Quality (PQ) Analyses of DG Utilizing Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) by White Shark Optimizer and Recalling-Enhanced Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Shravani Chapala , Narasimham R. L , Das G Tulasi Ram
Published: January 2024

This paper proposes a novel hybrid technique for enhancing power quality (PQ) in distributed generation (DG) systems by deploying a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC). Here, the proposed hybrid method is the joint execution of white shark optimizer (WSO) and recalling-enhanced recurrent neural network (RERNN), called the WSO-RERNN technique. The primary objective of this novel approach is to effectively mitigate voltage sag and reduce voltage harmonics under varying load conditions. It is important to investigate the voltage sag, swell and harmonic distortion of the system to obtain an enhanced PQ of the energy supply. Therefore, this paper shows the brief impact of PQ in DG utilizing the proposed unified PQ conditioner controller. The WSO-RERNN control technique enhances the performance of the UPQC controller by providing the optimal control signal. By then, the efficiency of the proposed approach is done in MATLAB, and the performance is compared with those of existing optimization techniques, including Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO), Grey wolf optimization (GWO) and Salp swarm algorithm (SSA) methods.
Generalized Gorenstein modules with respect to duality pairs over triangular matrix rings
Authors: Zhu Rongmin , Liu Haiyu
Published: January 2024

Let A and B be rings and [Formula: see text] with M an A-B-bimodule. We first construct a semi-complete duality pair [Formula: see text] over T using duality pairs over A and B, respectively. Then we characterize when a left T-module is Gorenstein projective, injective or flat with respect to the duality pair [Formula: see text]. As applications, we investigate when a left T-module is projectively coresolved Gorenstein flat, Ding injective or Gorenstein flat. In addition, we give an estimate of Gorenstein flat dimension of a left T-module with respect to [Formula: see text]. Finally, we construct model structures and recollements relative to these generalized Gorenstein modules.
Kinetic compartmental models driven by opinion dynamics: Vaccine hesitancy and social influence
Authors: Bondesan Andrea , Toscani Giuseppe , Zanella Mattia
Published: January 2024

We propose a kinetic model for understanding the link between opinion formation phenomena and epidemic dynamics. The recent pandemic has brought to light that vaccine hesitancy can present different phases and temporal and spatial variations, presumably due to the different social features of individuals. The emergence of patterns in societal reactions permits to design and predict the trends of a pandemic. This suggests that the problem of vaccine hesitancy can be described in mathematical terms, by suitably coupling a kinetic compartmental model for the spreading of an infectious disease with the evolution of the personal opinion of individuals, in the presence of leaders. The resulting model makes it possible to predict the collective compliance with vaccination campaigns as the pandemic evolves and to highlight the best strategy to set up for maximizing the vaccination coverage. We conduct numerical investigations which confirm the ability of the model to describe different phenomena related to the spread of an epidemic.
Introduction to loop quantum gravity. The Holst’s action and the covariant formalism
Authors: Fatibene L. , Orizzonte A. , Albano A. , Coriasco S. , Ferraris M. , Garruto S. , Morandi N.
Published: January 2024

We review Holst formalism and dynamical equivalence with standard GR (in dimension [Formula: see text]). Holst formalism is written for a spin coframe field [Formula: see text] and a [Formula: see text]-connection [Formula: see text] on spacetime [Formula: see text] and it depends on the Holst parameter [Formula: see text]. We show the model is dynamically equivalent to standard GR, in the sense that up to a pointwise [Formula: see text]-gauge transformation acting on (uppercase Latin) frame indices, solutions of the two models are in one-to-one correspondence. Hence, the two models are classically equivalent. One can also introduce new variables by splitting the spin connection into a pair of a [Formula: see text]-connection [Formula: see text] and a [Formula: see text]-valued 1-form [Formula: see text]. The construction of these new variables relies on a particular algebraic structure, called a reductive splitting. A weaker structure than requiring that the gauge group splits as the products of two sub-groups, as it happens in Euclidean signature in the selfdual formulation originally introduced in this context by Ashtekar, and it still allows to deal with the Lorentzian signature without resorting to complexifications. The reductive splitting of [Formula: see text] is not unique and it is parameterized by a real parameter [Formula: see text] which is called the Immirzi parameter. The splitting is here done on spacetime, not on space as it is usually done in the literature, to obtain a [Formula: see text]-connection [Formula: see text], which is called the Barbero–Immirzi connection on spacetime. One obtains a covariant model depending on the fields [Formula: see text] which is again dynamically equivalent to standard GR. Usually in the literature one sets [Formula: see text] for the sake of simplicity. Here, we keep the Holst and Immirzi parameters distinct to show that eventually only [Formula: see text] will survive in boundary field equations.
Solitons and traveling waves structure for the Schrödinger–Hirota model in fluids
Authors: Badshah Fazal , Tariq Kalim U. , Liu Jian-Guo , Raza Kazmi S. M.
Published: January 2024

The Schrödinger–Hirota equation is one of the most important models of contemporary physics which is popular throughout the broad fields of fluid movement as well as in the study of thick-water crests, liquid science, refractive optical components and so on. In this paper, we utilize the Hirota bilinear technique and the unified technique to attain various soliton solutions of the governing model analytically. These approaches are robust, powerful and unique also have many applications in different fields of mathematical physics. The solutions attained from these techniques are highly valuable and useful in various fields of sciences specially in the transmissions of optical fibers, also they give different behaviors including V-shaped and periodic soliton solution behavior. Further, the approaches applied here are not applied in this model previously. Therefore, ours is a new work, which summarizes its novelty. The 3D, 2D and contour plots are included to grasp the understanding of solutions’ behavior. These findings are valuable in electronic communications such as elliptical circuits and in investigation of solitude controlling.
Sphingosine kinase 1-specific inhibitor PF543 reduces goblet cell metaplasia of bronchial epithelium in an acute asthma model
Authors: Sudhadevi Tara , Ackerman Steven J. , Jafri Anjum , Basa Prathima , Ha Alison W. , Natarajan Viswanathan , Harijith Anantha
Published: January 2024

The role of SPHK1-specific inhibitor, PF543, in preventing goblet cell metaplasia (GCM) and airway hyperreactivity (AHR) is established in an allergen-induced mouse model. This protection was associated with the downregulation of NOTCH2-SPDEF signaling pathway, suggesting a novel link between SPHK1, GCM, and AHR.
Phase II Study of the Liposomal Formulation of Eribulin (E7389-LF) in Combination with Nivolumab: Results from the Gastric Cancer Cohort
Authors: Kawazoe Akihito , Yamamoto Noboru , Sugimoto Naotoshi , Kawakami Hisato , Oshima Takashi , Yamaguchi Kensei , Hino Kaori , Hirao Motohiro , Kurokawa Yukinori , Kawakami Takeshi , Tsuda Masahiro , Hara Hiroki , Kaname Shota , Matsuoka Daiko , Otake Yohei , Yasuda Keisuke , Takase Takao , Takashima Shuya , Semba Taro , Muro Kei
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

E7389-LF is a liposomal formulation of the microtubule dynamics inhibitor eribulin and has shown preliminary efficacy in the treatment of gastric cancer. Study 120, a phase Ib/II open-label study, assessed efficacy and safety of E7389-LF in combination with nivolumab, a programmed cell death (PD)-1 inhibitor. This report focuses on the gastric cancer cohort within the expansion phase.

Patients and Methods:

Eligible patients had unresectable, measurable gastric cancer, progression following a platinum drug plus fluoropyrimidine (1L), and a taxane-containing regimen (2L). The primary objective of the expansion phase was objective response rate, secondary objectives included safety and PFS, and exploratory objectives included overall survival and biomarker evaluation. Patients received E7389-LF 2.1 mg/m2 in combination with nivolumab 360 mg every 3 weeks, both as intravenous infusions. Tumor responses were assessed every 6 weeks by the investigators per RECIST v1.1. Plasma and tumor biomarkers were assessed.

Results:

In the 31 patients who received E7389-LF in combination with nivolumab, the objective response rate was 25.8% [confidence interval (CI), 11.9–44.6]. The median progression-free survival was 2.69 months (95% CI, 1.91–2.99) and median overall survival was 7.85 months (95% CI, 4.47–not estimable). The most common treatment-related TEAE of any grade were neutropenia (77.4%), leukopenia (74.2%), and decreased appetite (51.6%). E7389-LF in combination with nivolumab significantly increased CD8-positive cells at C2D1 (P = 0.039), and six of seven vascular markers and four IFNγ-related markers showed increases from C1D1.

Conclusions:

Promising antitumor activity was observed with E7389-LF in combination with nivolumab in patients with gastric cancer, and no new safety signals were observed, compared with either monotherapy.
Cerebrospinal Fluid cfDNA Sequencing for Classification of Central Nervous System Glioma
Authors: Iser Florian , Hinz Felix , Hoffmann Dirk C. , Grassl Niklas , Güngör Cansu , Meyer Jochen , Dörner Laura , Hofmann Lea , Kelbch Vanessa , Göbel Kirsten , Mahmutoglu Mustafa Ahmed , Vollmuth Philipp , Patel Areeba , Nguyen Duy , Kaulen Leon D. , Mildenberger Iris , Sahm Katharina , Maaß Kendra , Pajtler Kristian W. , Shankar Ganesh M. , Weiler Markus , Wildemann Brigitte , Winkler Frank , von Deimling Andreas , Platten Michael , Wick Wolfgang , Sahm Felix , Kessler Tobias
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

Primary central nervous system (CNS) gliomas can be classified by characteristic genetic alterations. In addition to solid tissue obtained via surgery or biopsy, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an alternative source of material for genomic analyses.

Experimental Design:

We performed targeted next-generation sequencing of CSF cfDNA in a representative cohort of 85 patients presenting at two neurooncological centers with suspicion of primary or recurrent glioma. Copy-number variation (CNV) profiles, single-nucleotide variants (SNV), and small insertions/deletions (indel) were combined into a molecular-guided tumor classification. Comparison with the solid tumor was performed for 38 cases with matching solid tissue available.

Results:

Cases were stratified into four groups: glioblastoma (n = 32), other glioma (n = 19), nonmalignant (n = 17), and nondiagnostic (n = 17). We introduced a molecular-guided tumor classification, which enabled identification of tumor entities and/or cancer-specific alterations in 75.0% (n = 24) of glioblastoma and 52.6% (n = 10) of other glioma cases. The overlap between CSF and matching solid tissue was highest for CNVs (26%–48%) and SNVs at predefined gene loci (44%), followed by SNVs/indels identified via uninformed variant calling (8%–14%). A molecular-guided tumor classification was possible for 23.5% (n = 4) of nondiagnostic cases.

Conclusions:

We developed a targeted sequencing workflow for CSF cfDNA as well as a strategy for interpretation and reporting of sequencing results based on a molecular-guided tumor classification in glioma.
Figure S6 from A Revised Molecular Model of Ovarian Cancer Biomarker CA125 (MUC16) Enabled by Long-read Sequencing
Authors: Wang Chien-Wei , Weaver Simon D. , Boonpattrawong Nicha , Schuster-Little Naviya , Patankar Manish , Whelan Rebecca J.
Published: January 2024

Comparison of the sequence reported in this study to the sequence reported by O’Brien and co-workers (AF414442.2). Tandem repeats were aligned using Clustal Omega and visualized using Jalview with the Clustal Omega standard color scheme. Tandem repeats are shown in pairs, with AF414442.2 above and our reported sequence below. The consensus sequence shows abundance of each amino acid at each position.
The Effects of Myo-Inositol and D-Chiro-Inositol in a Ratio 40:1 on Hormonal and Metabolic Profile in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Classified as Phenotype A by the Rotterdam Criteria and EMS-Type 1 by the EGOI Criteria
Authors: Pustotina Olga , Myers Samuel H. , Unfer Vittorio , Rasulova Irina
Published: January 2024

Setting: Insulin resistance (IR) and compensatory hyperinsulinemia are considered contributing factors toward polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Objectives: This study evaluates the frequency of metabolic abnormalities in PCOS patients and the effects of myo-inositol (MI) and D-chiro-inositol (DCI), in a 40:1 ratio on hormonal and metabolic parameters. Participants: Thirty-four women with PCOS phenotype A (endocrine-metabolic syndrome [EMS-type 1]) between the ages of 20–40. Design: Open prospective study with phenotype A (EMS-type I, n = 34) supplemented with 2,255 mg/day of inositol (MI and DCI in a 40:1 ratio) for 3 months. Methods: The following were measured before and after treatment: serum levels of follicular stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, total and free testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI), anti-Müllerian hormone, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and body mass index (BMI). Results: 55.9% of the enrolled patients were overweight or obese, 50% affected by IR, 17.6% with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus, and 61.8% had familial diabetes mellitus. At the conclusion of the study, BMI (p = 0.0029), HOMA-IR (p < 0.001) significantly decreased, along with decreased numbers of patients with elevated insulin levels. The supplementation resulted in decreased total testosterone (p < 0.001), free testosterone (p < 0.001), FAI (p < 0.001), and LH (p < 0.001); increased SHBG (p < 0.001) and estradiol (p < 0.001). Limitations: The present analysis was limited to a 12-week follow-up, which precluded a long-term evaluation of the effects of MI and DCI combination. Also, this period was insufficient to achieve and analyze clinical changes such as restoration of the menstrual cycle, restoration of reproductive function, and clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenism. Conclusions: Supplementation improved metabolic and hormonal profile in PCOS phenotype A (EMS-type I) patients. This builds upon previous work that demonstrated that combined inositol treatment may be effective in PCOS. The study presented herein, used a reduced concentration than in prior literature; however, a significant change in hormonal and metabolic parameters was still observed.
Methods in Stroke Prevention in the Wisconsin Native American Population
Authors: Cress Hannah J. , Mitchell Carol C. , Wilbrand Stephanie M. , Wesley Umadevi V. , Morel Valdés Gloria M. , Hess Timothy , Varghese Tomy , Maybock Jenna , Metoxen Melissa , Riesenberg Amanda , Vandenberg Connie , Blohowiak Carrie J. , Kennard Jay , Danforth Debra , Dempsey Robert J.
Published: January 2024

Native American individuals are more frequently affected by cerebrovascular diseases including stroke and vascular cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to determine stroke risk factors that are most prevalent in Wisconsin Native Americans and to examine how education at the community and individual level as well as intensive health wellness coaching may influence modification of stroke risk factors. Additionally, we will investigate the role novel stroke biomarkers may play in stroke risk in this population. This paper details the aims and methods employed in the “Stroke Prevention in the Wisconsin Native American Population” (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04382963) study including participant health assessments, clinical ultrasound exam of the carotid arteries, cognitive testing battery, and structure and execution of the coaching program.
From Expression to Connection: Decoding Sana All’s Linguistic Meanings in Communication Context
Authors: Dangalao Tong Kabenbelan
Published: January 2024

very age group and generation uses different lingo, jargon, and forms of communication in casual conversations. These lingos could be introduced by the fashions, significant events, radio shows, movies, TV shows, songs, and literature of their time, among many other devices. Additionally, technology has changed some words, adding new ones that are more inventive and simpler to type.

The study aimed to analyze the linguistic meaning of "Sana All" used by the Grade 11 Senior High School students in Cotabato City National High School – Annex (Buaya-Buaya Site). Colaizzi’s phenomenological method of inquiry was employed in this study. The researcher utilized the Focal Group Discussion (FGD) in gathering data.

The study's findings revealed that the phrase "Sana All" is used by student participants in Social Media, School, Home, and the Real World. The phrase connotes admiration, appreciation, wishing for something to happen, and strengthening relationships with others. Various meanings were generated depending on the communication setting.

The researcher concluded that students use the phrase "Sana All" in various communication settings. They use this phrase when wishing, admiring, appreciating, and strengthening relationships with others. 

Finally, the researcher produced a linguistic concept on the teaching strategies on pragmatics and semantics where the teacher can adopt the trendy phrase to be included when teaching the linguistic concept of pragmatics and semantics.
Exploring Unconventional Paths: Narratives of Science Appreciation Among Non-STEM Students
Authors: Honra Joelash R.
Published: January 2024

This study explored the science appreciation journeys of non-STEM students, aiming to comprehend the impact of significant life experiences on their appreciation for science and the subsequent decisions steering them away from STEM pursuits. Employing a narrative inquiry design within the qualitative research method, the study investigates how these life experiences shape the participants' plans and the insights gleaned from their untrodden paths of science appreciation. Utilizing a validated interview guide aligned with research sub-questions, the narratives collected illuminate the participants' perspectives, facilitating a comprehensive exploration of the central question. The findings reveal that practical science applications in co-curricular and extra-curricular settings fostered participants' science appreciation, while familial, peer, and resource influences dictated their divergence from STEM trajectories. Despite not pursuing a STEM strand, participants retained their appreciation of science, underlining the enduring power of scientific values applicable to environmental conservation. This study recommends creating learning opportunities that allow students to explore scientific interests outside traditional STEM pathways and advocates for intensified career guidance programs bolstered by parental involvement to empower learners in making informed decisions about their future. The research encourages future investigations into the limitations of this study, emphasizing the need for parallel studies to enrich our understanding of the complex dynamics influencing students' academic and career choices.
Unlocking Internet of Things (IoT) for Enhanced Knowledge Management and Organizational Performance: A Case Study of Diverse Industry Players in the Philippines
Authors: Sangalang Raven Marie F. , Ancla Lawrence Xavier C. , Chong Miko Dominic L. , Wang Jason Chester S. , Morales Retchell Rubin L. , Caminong Joliber M. , Tanpoco Manuel R.
Published: January 2024

Web 3.0 resulted in the increased decentralization of information, especially upon the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT has revolutionized data transfer and has since reshaped knowledge management in organizations. This research focuses on how the IoT enables real-time data sharing and its impact on enhancing knowledge management and business processes in various local businesses. The study examines how five Philippine enterprises utilize the IoT through a qualitative embedded cross-case analysis. Several methods, like interviews, focus groups, and questionnaires, helped gather insights into how the IoT influences knowledge management processes. The research follows a case study approach, and the findings reveal that IoT boosts the generation, storage, sharing, and utilization of knowledge, aiding organizations in enhancing operational efficiency and product and service quality, thus improving business processes. Further, the research offers insights into the IoT possibilities. It provides practical recommendations for seamless integration through the companies' capabilities that enhance their knowledge management and operational results, gaining insights for strategic implementation.
MicroRNA‐34a‐Dependent Attenuation of Angiogenesis in Right Ventricular Failure
Authors: Reddy Sushma , Hu Dong‐Qing , Zhao Mingming , Ichimura Shoko , Barnes Elizabeth A. , Cornfield David N. , Alejandre Alcázar Miguel A. , Spiekerkoetter Edda , Fajardo Giovanni , Bernstein Daniel
Published: January 2024

Background

The right ventricle (RV) is at risk in patients with complex congenital heart disease involving right‐sided obstructive lesions. We have shown that capillary rarefaction occurs early in the pressure‐loaded RV. Here we test the hypothesis that microRNA (miR)‐34a, which is induced in RV hypertrophy and RV failure (RVF), blocks the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) axis, leading to the attenuated angiogenic response and increased susceptibility to RV failure.

Methods and Results

Mice underwent pulmonary artery banding to induce RV hypertrophy and RVF. Capillary rarefaction occurred immediately. Although hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α expression increased (0.12±0.01 versus 0.22±0.03,
P
=0.05), VEGF expression decreased (0.61±0.03 versus 0.22±0.05,
P
=0.01). miR‐34a expression was most upregulated in fibroblasts (4‐fold), but also in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells (2‐fold). Overexpression of miR‐34a in endothelial cells increased cell senescence (10±3% versus 22±2%,
P
<0.05) by suppressing sirtulin 1 expression, and decreased tube formation by 50% via suppression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α, VEGF A, VEGF B, and VEGF receptor 2. miR‐34a was induced by stretch, transforming growth factor‐β1, adrenergic stimulation, and hypoxia in cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes. In mice with RVF, locked nucleic acid‐antimiR‐34a improved RV shortening fraction and survival half‐time and restored capillarity and VEGF expression. In children with congenital heart disease–related RVF, RV capillarity was decreased and miR‐34a increased 5‐fold.

Conclusions

In summary, miR‐34a from fibroblasts, cardiomyocytes, and endothelial cells mediates capillary rarefaction by suppressing the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α‐VEGF axis in RV hypertrophy/RVF, raising the potential for anti‐miR‐34a therapeutics in patients with at‐risk RVs.
Clinical Characteristics and Rhythm Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Myopathy After Successful Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Kim Moon‐Hyun , Kim Tae‐Hoon , Hwang Inseok , Park Je‐Wook , Yu Hee Tae , Uhm Jae‐Sun , Joung Boyoung , Lee Moon‐Hyoung , Hwang Chun , Pak Hui‐Nam
Published: January 2024

Background

Although successful atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation can maintain sinus rhythm and reduce the left atrial (LA) dimension, blunted LA reverse remodeling can be observed in patients with atrial myopathy. We explored the potential mechanisms and long‐term outcomes in patients with blunted LA reverse remodeling after successful AF catheter ablation.

Methods and Results

We included 1685 patients who underwent baseline and 1‐year follow‐up echocardiograms, had a baseline LA dimension ≥40 mm, and did not have a recurrence of AF within a year. The patients were divided into tertile groups according to the delta value of the change in LA dimension on the preprocedure and 1‐year postprocedure echocardiography. After propensity score matching for age, sex, AF type, and LA dimension, 1272 patients were finally included in the analyses (424 in each group; the least/blunted, moderate, and the most reverse remodeling group). The patients in the T1 group (blunted LA reverse remodeling) were independently associated with higher left ventricular mass index (odds ratio [OR], 1.014 [95% CI, 1.005–1.022],
P
=0.001), change in ΔH
2
FPEF score (heavy, hypertensive, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary hypertension, elder, filling pressure) score (OR, 1.445 [95% CI, 1.121–1.861],
P
=0.004), ventricular epicardial adipose tissue volume (OR, 1.010 [95% CI, 1.003–1.017],
P
=0.003), thinner LA wall thickness (OR, 0.461 [95% CI, 0.271–0.785],
P
=0.004), lower LA voltage (OR, 0.670 [95% CI, 0.499–0.899],
P
=0.008), and showed higher long‐term AF recurrence (log‐rank
P
<0.001) than other groups.

Conclusions

Blunted LA reverse remodeling after AF catheter ablation, which is suggestive of atrial myopathy, was independently associated with a larger ventricular epicardial adipose tissue volume and worsening of H
2
FPEF score. Blunted LA reverse remodeling after AF catheter ablation was also an independent predictor for higher recurrences of AF post‐1‐year AF catheter ablation.
Considerations for Gender‐Affirming Hormonal and Surgical Care Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Adolescents and Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Harrison David J. , Prada Francisco , Nokoff Natalie J. , Iwamoto Sean J. , Pastor Tony , Jacobsen Roni M. , Yeung Elizabeth
Published: January 2024

Background

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals and long‐term survivors with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) are both growing populations with specialized needs. No studies assess temporal trends or evaluate the care of TGD individuals with ACHD.

Methods and Results

Meetings between congenital cardiology and gender‐affirming care specialists identified unique considerations in TGD individuals with ACHD. A retrospective chart review was then performed to describe patient factors and outpatient trends in those with an ACHD diagnosis undergoing gender‐affirming hormonal or surgical care (GAHT/S) at 1 adult and 1 pediatric tertiary care center. Thirty‐three TGD individuals with ACHD were identified, 21 with a history of GAHT/S. Fourteen (66%) had moderate or complex ACHD, 8 (38%) identified as transgender male, 9 (43%) transgender female, and 4 (19%) other gender identities. Three had undergone gender‐affirming surgery. There were zero occurrences of the composite end point of unplanned hospitalization or thrombotic event over 71.1 person‐years of gender‐affirming care. Median age at first gender‐affirming appointment was 16.8 years [interquartile range 14.8–21.5]. The most common treatment modification was changing estradiol administration from oral to transdermal to reduce thrombotic risk (n=3). An increasing trend was observed from zero TGD patients with ACHD attending a gender diversity appointment in 2012 to 14 patients in 2022.

Conclusions

There is a growing population of TGD patients with ACHD and unique medical and psychosocial needs. Future studies must fully evaluate the reassuring safety profile observed in this small cohort. We share 10 actionable care considerations for providers with a goal of overseeing a safe and fulfilling gender transition across all TGD patients with ACHD.
Changing or Retaining Direct Oral Anticoagulant After Ischemic Stroke Despite Direct Oral Anticoagulant Treatment
Authors: Lin Shin‐Yi , Liao Yun‐Tsz , Tang Sung‐Chun , Lin Ching‐Ching Claire , Wang Chi‐Chuan
Published: January 2024

Background

The optimal antithrombotic strategies for patients with atrial fibrillation who experience ischemic stroke (IS) despite direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy remain inconclusive. This study compared outcomes for patients with DOAC treatment failure who changed or retained their prestroke DOAC.

Methods and Results

This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the National Health Insurance Research Database from 2012 to 2020. Patients with atrial fibrillation who experienced IS during DOAC therapy were assigned to either (1) the DOAC‐change group: changing prestroke DOAC or (2) the DOAC‐retain group: retaining prestroke DOAC. The primary outcome was a composite of recurrent IS and transient ischemic attack. The secondary outcomes included intracranial hemorrhage, major bleeding, systemic thromboembolism, and all‐cause death. Propensity score–based inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied to balance the baseline characteristics between the DOAC‐change and DOAC‐retain groups. The Cox proportional hazards model compared the risk of outcomes between the 2 groups. In total, 1979 patients were enrolled (609 DOAC‐change patients and 1370 DOAC‐retain patients). The incidence rates of recurrent IS or transient ischemic attack were 7.20 and 6.56 per 100 person‐years in the DOAC‐change and DOAC‐retain groups, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 1.07 [95% CI, 0.87–1.30]). A nonsignificantly higher incidence rate of intracranial hemorrhage was observed in the DOAC‐change group compared with the DOAC‐retain group (0.75 versus 0.53 per 100‐person‐years; HR, 1.49 [95% CI, 0.78–2.83]). The systemic thromboembolism, major bleeding, and death rates were comparable between the DOAC‐change and DOAC‐retain groups.

Conclusions

Changing prestroke DOAC does not reduce the risk of recurrent cerebral ischemia in patients with atrial fibrillation who develop IS during DOAC therapy. However, future studies should continue to observe the potential trends of increased intracranial hemorrhage risk.
Noninvasive Advanced Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance–Derived Fontan Hemodynamics Are Associated With Reduced Kidney Function But Not Albuminuria
Authors: Van den Eynde Jef , Westenberg Jos J. M. , Hazekamp Mark G. , Lamb Hildo J. , Jongbloed Monique R. M. , Wentzel Jolanda J. , Kenjeres Sasa , Dekkers Ilona A. , Van De Bruaene Alexander , Rijnberg Friso M. , Roest Arno A. W.
Published: January 2024

Background

Kidney disease is the most important predictor of death in patients with a Fontan circulation, yet its clinical and hemodynamic correlates have not been well established.

Methods and Results

A total of 53 ambulatory patients with a Fontan circulation (median age, 16.2 years, 52.8% male patients) underwent advanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment, including 4‐dimensional flow imaging and computational fluid dynamics. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <90 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
was observed in 20.8% and albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio >3 mg/mmol in 39.6%. The average eGFR decline rate was −1.83 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
per year (95% CI, −2.67 to −0.99;
P
<0.001). Lower eGFR was associated with older age, larger body surface area at examination, longer time since Fontan procedure, and lower systemic ventricular ejection fraction. Higher albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio was associated with absence of fenestration at the Fontan operation, and older age and lower systemic ventricular ejection fraction at the assessment. Lower cross‐sectional area of the Fontan conduit indexed to flow (r=0.32,
P
=0.038), higher inferior vena cava–conduit velocity mismatch factor (r=−0.35,
P
=0.022), higher kinetic energy indexed to flow in the total cavopulmonary connection (r=−0.59,
P
=0.005), and higher total cavopulmonary connection resistance (r=−0.42,
P
=0.005 at rest; r=−0.43,
P
=0.004 during exercise) were all associated with lower eGFR but not with albuminuria.

Conclusions

Kidney dysfunction and albuminuria are common among clinically well adolescents and young adults with a Fontan circulation. Advanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance–derived metrics indicative of declining Fontan hemodynamics are associated with eGFR and might serve as targets to improve kidney health. Albuminuria might be driven by other factors that need further investigation.