bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USE OF MAPLE LEAVES FOR BUILDING INSULATION
Authors: Visockis Edmunds , Noviks Gotfrīds , Pleikšnis Staņislavs , Dovgiallo Ilze
Published: June 2015

The publication explores innovative solutions on maple leaves use for building insulation. Maple leaves are used whole and shredded as bulk, ecologically clean heat insulation material. The optimal density was determined for each type to obtain the lowest thermal conductivity using different equipment and methods. The optimal amount of additives was examined to provide durability, resistance to deterioration of the heat insulation properties of the innovative materials, to reduce rodent and other pest impact. The innovative heat insulation material can be recycled in the environment and used as fertilizer for soil improvement.
Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber Composites Reinforced by Textile Fabric
Authors: Macanovskis Arturs , Krasnikovs Andrejs , Kononova Olga , Harjkova Galina , Yevstignejevs Vladislav
Published: June 2015

Interest to structural application of textile reinforced polymer matrix composite materials (CM) is growing during last years. In different branches of machine building, aerospace, automotive and others industries we can find structural elements preferably be produced using such reinforcement. At the same time, such materials are exhibiting elastic and strength properties scatter. In the framework of the present investigation, we observe yarn penetrated by a resin in a composite as a reinforcing “macro” fiber. Such “macro” fiber mechanical properties were measured experimentally, for this purpose was produced and was tested by tension until fracture fiber samples, having different length. Then was elaborated and was realized structural strength probabilistic model. In the textile geometry, was picked out repeating structural element – polymer matrix volume with two curved “macro” fiber’s chunks inside it. Complete composite material volume is possible to represent as a set of repeating structural elements. External loads application leads to disperse structural elements failure. Neighboring to ruptured elements are overloaded leading to higher probability to fail for them. Using FEM was modeled stress state in “macro” fibers inside CM. Then, was numerically obtained stress distribution in composite material, having different number of broken loops. Probabilities of different numbers of failed elements were calculated.  Strength probability function, based on Weibull approach was obtained. CM samples were tested under tension and obtained results were compared with numerical modeling as well as were analyzed.
Research of Radial Forces and Torque of Bearingless Synchronous Machine
Authors: Loginov Sergei , Domracheva Yulia , Smirnov Vadim , Fedorov Dmitriy
Published: June 2015

Bearingless synchronous machine (BSM) is an electrical machine which rotor is suspended by electromagnetic forces (not ball bearings). It allows achieving ultra-high rotation speed and significantly extending area of electric drive application. Nowadays there are different variants of the machines with the structural design and the searching  of optimal solution is going on.

 The basic calculation parameters of bearingless machines are radial forces that can withstand the rotor from external load and torque produced on the shaft. This article describes the theoretical results based on a computer model that produces the finite element method and experimental study of the BSM prototype.
Laser Marking Methods
Authors: Lazov Lyubomir , Deneva Hristina , Narica Pavels
Published: June 2015

Different methods for laser marking are systematized and discussed in the paper. Today in the practice there are many different methods that could be used to realise high quality on the workpiece of various materials with various shapes. Some materials could be marked only by marking or engraving without special requirements and difficulty, while for other materials one can choose the concrete method about the kind of material, marking type, and the specific needs of the production process and the geometry of detail. This makes it necessary to know, to summarise and systematize in a database all methods for particular lasers and materials, in order to quickly and flexibly respond to the specific needs of each customer by the manufacturies on marking systems. The report studies the specific opportunities and fields of applications of different methods for marking with laser.
A task for laser cutting of lamellae with TruLaser 1030
Authors: Lazov Lyubomir , Deneva Hristina , Narica Pavels
Published: June 2015

The growing development of manufacturing, automotive, aerospace and other sectors in the industry generates the necessity to continuously expanding on modifications of electrical machinery and equipments which are used in them, as well as to improve their performance and reliability. The report presents some results from a study to the process of laser cutting through melting on lamellae for rotor and stator packages by using the laser system TruLaser 1030. Some functional dependencies are offered between physical quantities describing the cutting process by melting and technological parameters aimed providing the quality requirements. With a software TruTops to optimize the cutting out are shown the results of studies to determine the technological working time for cutting of a concrete stator lamella.

 
The simulation model of sliding contact with three degrees of freedom and distributed parameters of the transition layer
Authors: Plohov Igor , Ilyin Alexander , Kozyreva Oksana , Savraev Igor
Published: June 2015

The development of theoretical approaches to determining mechanical characteristics of sliding contacts by the creation of a simulation model of a sliding contact with three degrees of freedom and distributed parameters of the transition layer is considered. This model enables to obtain dynamic and integral characteristics of the sliding contact on design parameters given and characteristics of materials of contact pairs.
Effect of Environmental Factors on Air Ion Concentration
Authors: Skromulis Andris , Breidaks Juris
Published: June 2015

The paper discusses and analyzes the effect of environmental factors on ion concentrations in urban air. Statistically mathematical method was used to analyze the measurements of air ion concentration collected in a period of several months, with ion size ranging from 0.75 to 36.6 nm. As environmental factors related to air ions, the following chemical and physical parameters of the atmospheric air were analyzed: CO, NO, NO2, NOx, SO2, O3, PM10, PM2.5, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction. When analyzing data in this combination, there is often a problem of multicollinearity between air chemical and physical parameters. This paper addresses this problem by using the component regression. Regression equations were elaborated to understand the dependence of concentrations of various classes of positive and negative air ions on chemical and physical parameters of the air.
DISTRIBUTION OF IRON AND IRON COMPOUNDS IN THE KEMERI - JAUNKEMERI OCCURENCE OF SULPHIDE WATER
Authors: Prols Janis
Published: June 2015

Iron concentrations, distribution and migration forms, depending on pH and oxidation – reduction potential, were analyzed in case of the Kemeri-Jaunkemeri occurrence (area about 240 km2) of sulphide containing water (maximal sulphides concentration – 74 mg/l), located in Latvia. Iron content was investigated in 457 wells located within all area of occurrence. Those wells were installed to two aquifers: the Quarternary multi-aquifer and Salaspils aquifer, where occurrence of sulphide containing groundwater is distributed. All groundwater of occurrence is classified in four types depending on oxygen, sulphides and organic matter content in the groundwater.  Modeling of groundwater migration forms was carried out, and it is stated that iron migrates basically as Fe2+ in oxygen and suphides non-containing water. Migration forms are influenced by concentration of organic matter in the aquifer. The portion of Fe2+ migrating in a form of free decreases due to formation of complexes with fulvic and humic acids, which can reach 36.5% of all migration forms. Iron migrates as Fe(OH)3  in oxygen containing water (more than 99% of determined forms). Presence of iron is ascertained also in sulphides containing water , where iron migrates basically as (98.8% of determined forms).  This occurs due to formation of complexes with sulphydes – FeHS- and Fe(HS)2o.
Development of an Automated Approach for Updating of the Annual Runoff Module Map
Authors: Arefiev N.V. , Bakanovichus N.S. , Lyalina A.A. , Sudakova N.V. , Ivanov T.S. , Kotlyar S.P. , Petroshenko M.V.
Published: June 2015

Several Russian Hydropower Design and Research Institutes have recently fulfilled studies of hydropower potential estimation for NorthWest, Caucasian and Angara River’s regions in Russia. An approach to automate the calculation of river flow characteristics, based on the usage of annual flow rate map, was proposed and tested by the authors for the aims of the studies.

Annual river flow characteristics together with the terrain data are the most important data sources for evaluation of the hydropower potential.

A set of requirements was made for the approach and for automation of annual flow rate maps creation in order to provide ability for updates in every 5-10 years.

A problem of lack of hydrological data for small and medium sized rivers was faced. To determine the hydrological characteristics the Russian code specification "Determination of Design Hydrological Performance" was used for the conditions of the lack of hydrological data, methods of spatial interpolation were also used.

To solve the problems it is necessary to define the parameters of the annual flow distribution: average annual flow, variation coefficient, coefficient of skewness.

Mapping is based on the assumption of a smooth change of annual flow rate for any territory in accordance with the distribution of climatic and physiographic factors (topography, soil, groundwater depth, etc.).

Milestones of flow rate mapping included: preparation of hydrological initial data; creating of the updated flow rate maps; determination of the corrections to the influence of local azonal factors; estimation of the accuracy of flow characteristics calculations.

In order to update the annual flow rate maps a special GIS application “Hydrologist” was created. The GIS application includes computer-assisted tool for processing the hydrological data, import/export tools, tools for analysis of area zoning data, tools for analysis of annual flow rate values in centroids of drainage-basins, location of water stage gauges, also the old and updated flow rate maps.

The article deals with the approach description, main problems that were faced and presenting the results.

The technology has been applied for North-West, Volga and Siberian Federal Districts in Russia. Comparison of the created annual flow rate map with the previously used map shows that the updated map is better of acquiring hydrological data for small and medium sized rivers.
A comparison of different charcoal production technology outputs
Authors: Kļaviņa Krista , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: June 2015

Charcoal is a renewable material, with a long history of use as the predecessor of fossil fuels, now beginning to regain its place in the market, as the global society is fighting the Climate change. Charcoal along with bio-oils, and pyrolysis gas or syngas is obtained through thermo-chemical conversion of biomass. There are several different turns the charcoal production development has taken. The oldest charcoal production technologies are the batch-type kilns, they are associated with lower costs, and are widely used in the world, mainly in developing countries. A more recent introduction in charcoal production is the continuous operation retort where the biomass is conveyed through different process stages, heating and drying, carbonization, and cooling. This technology draws up high capital investments, but can reach a high level of automation. Apart from these technologies charcoal can be also obtained as a by-product in liquid and gaseous fuel production via pyrolysis and gasification of biomass. Each of the production methods can yield variant quality charcoal with properties distinguishing different charcoal applications. The charcoal use varies from a high capacity fuel to a sustainable soil amendment, adsorbent, source of carbon in chemical reactions, and many more. In this study an evaluation of the charcoal quality parameters, depending on the applied technology, is carried out. The analysed data includes information retrieved from previous studies, as well as an experimental investigation of real life production facility.  
Investigation of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) crop weediness
Authors: Jankauskienė Zofija , Gruzdevienė Elvyra , Burbulis Natalija , Maumevičius Ernestas , Layko Iryna M.
Published: June 2015

The investigation of hemp crop weediness was carried out at the Upytė Experimental Station of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2014. Bi-factorial trial was carried out: Factor A – variety (A1 – USO 31; A2 – Bialobrzeskie); Factor B – sowing rate (B1 – 45 kg ha-1; B2 – 70 kg ha-1). Data showed that seed rate had a significant influence on crop density at full hemp emergence as well as at harvesting time. Rainy vegetation period was favourable not only for hemp growing, but for weeds as well. Crop density (resulted by seed rate) had a significant influence on crop weediness – significantly more weeds (in average 166 plants m-2) were found in the plots with seed rate of 45 kg ha-1, consequently at lower crop density, and under 140 weed plants m-2 were found in the plots with seed rate of 70 kg ha-1, consequently at higher crop density. Hemp crop weediness at harvesting time was much lower than that at the beginning of vegetation; reduction of weediness over the vegetation period was close to 87-90 percent.
Investigation of European shot-hole borer, Xyleborus dispar (Coleoptera, Scolytidae), in apple orchards of Latvia
Authors: Salmane Ineta , Ciematnieks Rinalds , Ozoliņa-Pole Laura , Ralle Baiba , Ievinsh Gederts
Published: June 2015

European shot-hole borer is known to occur on a wide range of deciduous trees and frequently found on fruit trees in most of the Holarctic. During the last years increased activity of this beetle contributed necessity for investigation of it in apple orchards of Latvia. Because of the latent behavior it is difficult to control distribution of Xyleborus dispar. Often insecticides are not effective, especially if not used in an appropriate time and methods of integrated or biological plant protection are needed. In the current study, results of two year monitoring of X. dispar flying activity and effectiveness of two types of sticky traps, Rebell Rosso and Csalomon Palx, bitted with 50% alcohol are presented. Four traps of each type were placed in each orchard at the beginning of May in 2013 and at the middle of April in 2014. Differences among respective orchards were recorded: the highest number of beetles was found in the largest orchard surrounded by wide deciduous forests; the lowest number was recorded in the orchard surrounded by the agricultural lands. The first emerging X. dispar female was caught at the middle of April. During the vegetation season the highest flying activity of beetles was at the end of April - beginning of May (17th – 18th week). Afterwards number and flying activity of beetles decreased and at the middle of June (25th – 26th week) reached zero. In orchard with the highest number of European shot-hole borer, significantly higher number of beetles was recorded on Rebell Rosso traps; for the rest two orchards higher number of X. dispar was recorded on Csalomon Palx traps.
Analysis of Energy Consumption for Biomass Drying Process
Authors: Vigants Edgars , Vigants Girts , Veidenbergs Ivars , Lauka Dace , Klavina Krista , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: June 2015

This study is dedicated to the analysis of the drying process energy consumption. In order to evaluate the main energetic processes that consume the most energy, the energy consumption of each individual drying process with and without air recirculation was modelled. The model shows that drying agent (air) recirculation is not an energy-saving operation, since it increases the total electricity and heat consumption. Recirculation of the drying agent increases the moisture content of the drying agent at the dryer entrance, which increases the need for fresh air in the dryer so that it can absorb the evaporating moisture from the dried material. An increased flow of the drying agent in the dryer increases the heat and electricity consumption.
Computer Programming Aptitude Test as a Tool for Reducing Student Attrition
Authors: Borzovs Juris , Niedrite Laila , Solodovnikova Darja
Published: June 2015

The stable trend to lose from one-third to half of students in the first study year of computing studies motivated us to explore, which methods are used to determine in advance such applicants, who have no change to overcome the first study year. Initially, a research about the factors influencing the attrition in Faculty of Computing at the University of Latvia was conducted. The research revealed that the trend of non-beginning studies might indicate the wrong choice of the study field and possible lack of understanding of what is programming by enrolled students (applicants as well as pupils).

The study provides the review of the situation with programming aptitude tests in the world, which could serve as one of the solutions to the dropout reduction. An action plan is proposed, which is based on the exploration of students and evaluation of activities already conducted at the Faculty of Computing of the University of Latvia to reduce dropout (School of Young Programmers, Compensative Course in High School Mathematics, Mentoring programs). Moreover, the supplementation of these activities by one of the existing programming attitude tests (or a combination of several tests) or a necessity to develop a new similar test is considered.
Multi factor authentication as a necessary solution in the fight with information technology security threats
Authors: Jansone Anita , Lauris Kaspars , Šaudinis Ivars
Published: June 2015

In the publication multi factor authentication solutions are offered as a necessary tool for decrease of information technology security risks. The work includes description of authentication process from the viewpoint of information technology security aspect, as well as authentication factors are described, which can be used in authentication process modules. Some recommendations for decrease of security risks are given using multi factor authentication solutions. In the work a multi-factor authentication security testing experiment is described, which involves use of Linux remote console - SSH service. Analysis of data of unauthorised access efforts obtained during tests is described: it is determined from which countries or regions, as well as in which days there is the highest threat to information technology security.
Mathematical Modelling of Aquatic Ecosystem
Authors: Guseynov Sharif E. , Aleksejeva Jekaterina V.
Published: June 2015

In present paper we consider the complete statements of initial-boundary problems for the modelling of various aspects of aqueous systems in Latvia. All the proposed models are the evolutionary models: all they are nonstationary and continuous qualitative models having the dynamic parameters and aimed at analysis, evaluation and forecast of aqueous systems (reservoirs, lakes and seas). In constructing these mathematical models as research tools classic apparatus of differential equations (both ODE and PDE) as well as apparatus of mathematical physics were used. 
Application of the Ontology Concept for the Needs of Theoretical Mechanics
Authors: Vilkaste Aivars , Grabusts Peter
Published: June 2015

The concepts of theoretical mechanics have been sufficiently well studied, they are used both for educational purposes and practical application. Nowadays, the use of ontologies is developing rapidly, thus allowing acquiring knowledge about the specific field of application. The author of this research analyses appropriateness of ontologies for the needs of theoretical mechanics. The study shows the use of graphs in the work with taxonomy concepts and describes the key notions of the ontologies. The author has tried to develop the concept of domain ontology for better understanding of the key notions of theoretical mechanics with a help of Protégé, which would be useful for students in the process of studying theoretical mechanics. 
Wireless sensor networks lifetime assessment model development
Authors: Jurenoks Aleksejs , Novickis Leonids
Published: June 2015

In the recent years low power computing systems have gained popularity.  Networks, which use low power computer systems and transmitted data by using wireless connection are called wireless sensor networks, which  main task is to get the information from sensors and transmission network. Nowadays, the most topical researches pertaining to wireless sensor networks are grounded on the  new optimization of structure of network transmission protocol, the routing optimization in transmission network, optimization of network structure, as a result of which the life circle of wireless network sensors is possible to increase. In the present article the methodology for determining the life circle of network is discussed. The approaches in detection of life circle pertaining to the important network nodes are described.
Filinto Elísio, tradutor de Lucano: estudo introdutório, edição crítica e notas de uma versão da Farsália (I 1-227)
Authors: Vieira Brunno Vinicius Gonçalves
Published: June 2015

The article presents a critical edition of the first 227 verses of Lucan’s Pharsalia, translated into Portuguese by Filinto Elísio, pseudonym of Francisco Manuel do Nascimento (1734-1819), andshows the translation conceptions underlying the work of this influential poet and translator; it is meant to be a contribution to discussions on the literary translation of classical texts.
A graça e a simplicidade das cartas no tratado Sobre o Estilo de Demétrio
Authors: Freitas Gustavo Araújo de
Published: June 2015

Au-dessus d’autres discours, la lettre révèle, avec sa simplicité, le caractère de son auteur; elle est une brève démonstration d’amitié; “l’image de l’âme”, nous avait dit Démétrios. Le traité Du style est le premier document, parmi les traités de rhétorique, avec un plus long développement sur cette question, et, en fait, cet excursus est très célèbre. Cependant, nous pouvons discuter beaucoup de choses liés à l’éducation rhétorique ou au propre traité, y compris les deux aspects que l’auteur recommande: grâce et humour. Ainsi, cet article a le but de présenter quelques éléments de cet excursus du traité Du style de Démétrios, en vue, surtout, de sa critique littéraire.
A língua presa de Fidípides
Authors: Gripp Brunno Salviano
Published: June 2015

Pheidippides has been the most overseen character in Aristophanes’ Clouds, even if the ultimate end to the comedy depends on him. He has been often thought by many commentators as a less interesting character than Socrates or Strepsiades. We attempt to interpret his character in terms of his characterization, origin and interests. As we can see from his dealings with horses and his association with Socrates, he bears a strong connection with the thoughts and activities of the higher class Athenian youth, and due to his high debts and his lisp we can attach him to Alcibiades, who seems to be an important model for this character. As it turns out, Pheidippides is an important mirror of Athenian high classes and the influence of Philosophers and Sophists alike on them.
Nourriture(s) dans l’Odyssée: fruits, légumes et les oies de Pénélope
Authors: Assunção Teodoro Rennó
Published: June 2015

Este artigo apresenta e comenta três tipos de comida possível (as frutas, os legumes e os gansos de Penélope) que na Odisséia jamais compõem o cardápio de uma refeição tradicional no mundo humano (ou seja: a carne assada de animais sacrificáveis, o pão de trigo ou de cevada, e o vinho misturado à água), mas que poderiam ser percebidos enquanto tais pelo auditório, constituindo assim no próprio poema – ainda que de uma maneira indireta – um repertório alimentar mais largo que, por contraste, revelaria a restrição e a escolha (muito bem marcadas) do que as personagens comem no mundo humano.
Relações intertextuais entre As Bacantes de Eurípides e Senhora dos Afogados de Nelson Rodrigues
Authors: Ferreira Vania Maria Moragas
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

This article’s focus consists on the study of Two tragedies Euripides’ Bacchae and Nelson Rodrigues’ Senhora dos Afogados. Despite the long period which separate these two works and authors, one will notice that there are similarities and analogies which can be traced between the two “tragedies”, indicating that a more detailed study of them is worthwhile and can shed a new light in our understanding of them as single pieces. Throughout this work it will be discussed how Nelson Rodrigues appropriates Euripides’ text in Senhora dos Afogados. We realize that the appropriation of the Greek text was done through analogies, inversions and/ or dislocations, and we see that there is not a copy of the Greeks tragic model, but, on the contrary, that there are coincidences. Nelson Rodrigues aims not to sacralize the classic model, but searches for a new reality, which causes ruptures with the tradition.

KEYWORDS: tragedy; Bacchae; Euripides; Senhora dos Afogados; Nelson Rodrigues.
Religião romana nos livros iniciais do De re rustica varroniano
Authors: Trevizam Matheus
Published: June 2015

Dans ce travail, on désirait tourner notre regard vers la présence du sacré et du religieux aux pages du De re rustica varronnien, c’est à dire, à ces questions comme formulées au premier et au deuxième livre de cet ouvrage. Puisque le lecteur de ces livres anciens se voit presque toujours en face de descriptions de la vie et des pratiques paysannes, comme menées en Italie pendant le premier siècle av. J.-C., il nous faut attendre ici des informations de Varron sur l’entrelacement entre les cotés tout simplement matériaux de la vie aux fundi rustici et la(les) spiritualité(s) payenne(s).
Santa Trifina e o Rei Artur: o teatro medieval bretão e a coleta da literatura oral céltica na Bretanha do século XIX
Authors: Donnard Anna
Published: June 2015

La tragédie Sainte Trifina et le roi Arthur (Santez Tryphina hag ar Roue Arthur) possiblement reprend une légende hagiographique du répertoire de la littérature orale bretonne de fond médiéval très ancien et la reconfigure dans une pratique théâtrale particulière à la Bretagne rurale du XIXème. Des agriculteurs et des artisans demi-lettrés se présentaient lors des fêtes populaires avec leurs troupes, fières de jouer du grand théâtre devant les touristes parisiens qui ne voyaient, pourtant, dans ces spectacles, que l’expression du pittoresque et du rudimentaire folklore celtique des paysans. Mais la tragédie en trois jours ne témoigne pas d’une culture populaire inculte, bien au contraire. L’étonnant texte, remanié plusieurs fois par la main des curés ou des seigneurs plus au moins lettrés, était mémorisé par les paysans illettrés – eux, bien sûr, habitués à “mémoriser” leur littérature depuis si longtemps. Dans cet article nous essayons de présenter ce contexte entre oralité et tradition écrite à titre d’introduction d’une étude plus approfondie à venir. Sachant qu’il existe très peu d’études sur la littérature celtique et particulièrement bretonne au Brésil, cet article pourra être, nous l’espérons bien, utile.
Papéis de Baco em Geórgicas II: figuração poética, religiosidade e história do teatro
Authors: Trevizam Matheus , Raimundo Renata de Fátima Marçal
Published: June 2015

Dans ce texte, nous voudrions montrer, par des exemples effectifs du poème, comment Bacchus se revêts, au deuxième livre des Géorgiques de Virgile, de trois fonctions diverses. La première est l’indication de la vigne par le procédé poétique de la métonymie; l’autre, le rôle divin de porteur des dons naturels du raisin et du vin aux hommes; la dernière, enfin, le “prétexte” pour la proposition d’une petite histoire du théatre gréco-latin aux vers 376-396 de ce même livre.
El grajo de Esopo: Luciano y la tradición yámbica
Authors: Gómez Pilar
Published: June 2015

 As obras de Luciano de Samósata respondem a um complexo mecanismo de criação literária, em que o uso paradoxal dos gêneros literários é prática habitual. N’O crítico falaz ou sobre o

termo nefasto [=Pseudologista], o samosatense escreve um virulento ataque contra um indivíduo que se dedica a fazer declamações públicas, mas que exerce mal o ofício de sofista e, por causa disso, merece ser o destinatário de uma implacável invectiva. Para que não reste dúvida alguma de qual é a tradição literária, poética neste caso, que inspira a sátira de Luciano, nos primeiros capítulos da obra aparecem citados os mais ilustres jambógrafos gregos – Arquíloco, Hipônax ou Semônides – e, com eles, também é mencionado Esopo. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar como Luciano, que conhece bem o corpus esópico e recorre a ele em diversas ocasiões, quando associa, em Pseudologista, Esopo e a poesia jâmbica, não só mostra mais uma vez com que intenção pode servir-se das fábulas e adaptá-las de forma variada nas suas obras, mas também, como crítico literário, ensinanos sobre os conteúdos de burla e ataque verbal próprios da tradição <span style="font-family: Aldine401BT; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">em que este gênero funda as suas raízes.
Luciano e o cinismo: o caso Alcidamas
Authors: Flores Júnior Olimar
Published: June 2015

One of the axes of the so called “Lucianic Question” is the relationship of the writer from Samosata with the philosophy, and especially with the Cynicism. Even though the idea of a “Cynic Lucian” or a “Philosopher Lucian” has been abandoned, modern criticism still seems to hesitate before the image of the Cynicism that we find in the pages of this author, which fluctuate in a more or less explicit way between the approval and praise in one hand, and the attack and sarcasm in the other. This article seeks to re-examine this issue in the light of an analysis of the figure of the Cynic Alcidamas, a character that appears in the Symposium or The Lapiths. The hypothesis to be defended here is that the seemingly pitiless construction of this Cynic, the most “buffoon” of the guests in the described banquet, actually reveals the sympathy and admiration that Lucian feels about the tradition of which Diogenes of Sinope was the chief representative.
Hypovitaminosis D and Obesity – Coincidence or Consequence?
Authors: Azevedo Fernanda Reis de , Caramelli Bruno ,   PhD Student,   Associate Professor of Medicine, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
Published: June 2015

Vitamin D has attracted much scientific interest in recent years, mostly due to its newly described roles in metabolism regulation and cell proliferation. Along with hypovitaminosis D, the incidence of obesity has risen and has become a public health concern. The association between these two conditions is not merely coincidence and is being deeply investigated regarding its prevalence, mechanism, and even a possible causal relation. The data are still inconclusive but there is important evidence indicating that vitamin D is involved with fat accumulation, the responsible mechanism however still the principal question. The three main hypotheses are: adipose tissue sequestration, genetic modulation, such as polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), or an organism evolutionary adaptation to cold weather. In conclusion, more evidence is needed to determine what the correct direction of this connection is and the possible therapeutic strategies of vitamin D replenishment and obesity control.
A Discussion on Autonomous Teachers and how to Get them Reach their Utmost Capacity in SLA Classroom
Authors: Ghanizadeh Afsaneh , Ghazanfari Mohammad , Fatehi Mohsen
Published: June 2015

It is of paramount importance for a teacher to do his best and make sure the students are becoming quite a learner, this paper tries to analyze autonomous teacher meanings, features, learner autonomy and how to accelerate the second language acquisition. And it also endeavors to shed some light on developing language teachers’ potentials, understanding and valuing their endowments and sharing them among colleagues. It is discussed that cooperative development can be achieved through collaborative learning and peer observation. Indoctrinating and observing are also needed to fortify professional growth.
Working Capital Management Antecedants Impact on Firm Specific Factors: A Ten Year Review of Karachi Stock Exchange
Authors: Iqbal Sajid
Published: June 2015

The study aims of investigate relationship of working capital antecedents and profitability of the company. Seven variables are taken as proxy variable to measure working capital and its management. Population of the study is based on Karachi stock exchange listed companies. The sample of study is manufacturing sector of Pakistan. Thus, sample period contains on the ten years from (2005-2014). All variables have sound reliability and data is normally distributed. Therefore, correlation and regression analyses are applied. Hence, study revealed significant relationship of working capital management and profitability.
Resource Utility for Effective Science Education in Nigeria: The Case of Biology
Authors: Opara Jacinta A.
Published: June 2015

Resource utilization, curriculum innovation and professional development courses are integral to improve educational practices as they empower teachers with knowledge and skills required for integrating education and society. Such moves and actions need to be guided with research. The education practices in Nigeria need to be sound and grounded. This paper is concerned with the importance of the use of resources for effective understanding of school science with special reference to biology. It identified necessary resources, constraints and how to select and use resources for effective teaching and learning of biology. The selection and utilization of any resources depends on the specific features of a particular topic. Therefore, different sets of resources and strategies are needed to teach different topics.
The Role of Urbanization Rate in the Relationship between Air Pollution and Health Expenditures: A Dynamic Panel Data Approach
Authors: Fattahi Maryam
Published: June 2015

One of the available challenges in areas of health economics is identification of the effective factors on health expenditures. Air pollution plays important role in the public and private health expenditure but most studies have ignored the role of this category in explanation of health expenditures. On the other hand, the impact of air pollution on health expenditures is influenced by several factors. This study intends to investigate the effect of air pollution on public and private health expenditures and to identify the urbanization rate factor affecting the relationship between air pollution and public and private health expenditures. Scope of the present study is developing countries over period of 1995-2011. We used a dynamic panel and Generalized Method of Moments method. The empirical results indicate that air pollution has positive and significant effect on public and private health expenditures. Also, the results imply that urbanization rate affecting the relationship between air pollution and health expenditures that urbanization rate plays a reinforcing role.
The Importance of a Medium-Term Budgetary Framework in Enhancing the Sustainability of Public Finances
Authors: Khalil Muhammad , Ahmad Naveed , Shafique Muhammad Nouman , Ahmad Hussain , Ur Rehman Khalil , Illahi Raza
Published: June 2015

Globalization has changed traditional systems to scientific systems rapidly. This reform took place every organizational process. Fiscal reforms are the major reforms in the organization. The objectives of fiscal reform is to enhance the quality of fiscal governance and public finance. The fiscal reform also consolidate superior budgetary resources through better disciplinary fiscal policies. These disciplined fiscal policies can be followed by the organizational and legislative measurements. It will leads to the introduction and establishment of new and independent fiscal rules. Now fiscal strategies moving towards the multi-annual budget system. The implementation of multi-annual budget system introduced the medium term budgetary system. The basic aim of this study is to introducing the importance of implementation of medium term budget system and the role of this budget system in public organizations. Fiscal management policies and tools plays important role in the sustainability of public finance in nations.
Feature Extraction (Image Compression) of Printed Gujarati and Amharic Letters Using Discrete Wavelet Transform
Authors: Yajnik Archit , Singh Dharmendra
Published: June 2015

This paper demonstrates an application of discrete wavelet transform as a feature extractor as applicable to natural language processing. The procedure discussed in this paper extracts important features of the printed characters of Gujarati and Amharic scripts and shows Image compression capabilities of discrete wavelets. Procedure prescribed in this paper compresses the original image to 75% without disturbing much the original image.
Security Threats in Mobile Ad Hoc Network
Authors: Joshi Anuj , Srivastava Pallavi , Singh Poonam
Published: June 2015

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of communication devices or nodes that wish to communicate without any fixed infrastructure and pre-determined organization of available links. The nodes in MANET themselves are responsible for dynamically discovering other nodes to communicate. Although the ongoing trend is to adopt ad hoc networks for commercial uses due to the property of its capability in forming temporary network without the aid of any established infrastructure or centralized administration. Due to this unique property, the main challenge is the vulnerability to security attacks. A number of challenges like open peer-to-peer network architecture, stringent resource constraints, shared wireless medium, dynamic network topology etc. are posed in MANET. As MANET is quickly spreading for, security challenges has become a primary concern to provide secure communication. In this paper, we identify the existent security threats an ad hoc network faces, the security services required to be achieved and the countermeasures for attacks in each layer. To accomplish our goal, we have done literature survey in gathering information related to various types of attacks and solutions, as well as we have identified the challenges and proposed solutions to overcome them. In conclusion, we focus on the findings and future works which may be interesting for the researchers like robust key management, trust based systems, data security in different layer etc. However, in short, we can say that the complete security solution requires the prevention, detection and reaction mechanisms applied in MANET.
Self-Similar Solution of Spherically Symmetrical Discontinuities with Increasing Energy in Generalized Roche Model
Authors: Srivastava Kishore Kumar
Published: June 2015

By use of the similarity method, the propagation of magnetogasdynamic spherical shock waves are discussed for Roche model in increasing energy medium. The effects of radiation heat flux on the discontinuities are also discussed. We have solve the differential equation by Runge-Kutta method and pattern of flow variables are illustrated by graphs.
Temperature and Composition Dependence of Electrical Conductivity of Ge10Se90-xBix (x=0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10) Chalcogenide Glasses
Authors: Srivastava Shiveom Kumar , Srivastava S. K. , Srivastava Krishna K. , Srivastava Narayan P.
Published: June 2015

Electrical conductivity of Ge10Se90-xBix(x=0,2,4,6,8,10) glassy systems prepared by melt quenching technique has been studied at different temperature in bulk form through I-V characteristic curves. It has been observed that the electrical conductivity increases as the Bi concentration increases up to 4 atomic weight percentages and on further addition of Bi it reduces. The variation in electrical conductivity with Bi concentration is attributed to the Se-Bi bond concentration. Using the Arrhenius equation of conductivity, the activation energy of conduction is evaluated. The effect of Bi concentration on activation energy has also been studied. It is quite evident from results that Poole-Frankel and Rechardson-Schottky conduction mechanism hold good for conduction in these glasses.
Hyper Threading Technology in Hardware Architecture for Processor Efficiency Enhancement
Authors: Srivastava Neha , Awasthi Kalyan , Rizvi Sadaf Z.
Published: June 2015

Intel’s Hyper-Threading Technology brings the concept of simultaneous multi-threading to the Intel architecture. Hyper-Threading Technology makes a single physical processor appear as two logical processors; the physical execution resources are shared and the architecture state is duplicated for the two logical processors. From a software or architecture perspective, this means operating systems and user programs can schedule processes or threads to logical processors as they would on multiple physical processors. From a micro architecture perspective, this means that instructions from both logical processors will persist and execute simultaneously on shared execution resources. This paper describes the Hyper-Threading Technology architecture of Intel’s first implementation on the Intel Xeon processor family. Hyper-Threading Technology is an important addition to Intel’s enterprise product line and will be integrated into a wide variety of products.
Optical imaging of aqueous humor to diagnose premature diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gupta Anil K. , Gupta C. L.P. , Singh Alok , Bharti P.
Published: June 2015

In this investigation, a comparative study of the transmitted two dimensional16 Mueller polarization matrix element images, based upon the measurement of the glucose concentration in an aqueous humor sample using a polarimeter have been reported. The glucose solution and aqueous humor have been illuminated with a He-Ne (632.8 nm) laser in the vitro measurement. It is concluded that the images obtained by transmitted Mueller polarization matrix in forward direction are capable of giving information about the variation in polarization patterns to measure normal glucose level, impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus.
Dynamic Modeling, Theory and Application Using Bond Graph
Authors: Singh Bharat Raj , Singh Manoj Kumar
Published: June 2015

The paper describes the technique for presenting quantitative and systematic modeling and simulation using Bond Graph for the vehicle dynamic system. It is based on the relative contribution of the new generation of a system equation, expression, result analysis and simulation through graphical display. The portioning algorithm can be employed to the existing automated modeling techniques for efficient, accurate simulation towards the design of the vehicle dynamic system. The design of control oriented four wheeled vehicle is widely recognized to be a very challenging task. This allows accounting for the driver turn angle which necessitates about visualizing the real driving behavior and its effects on the overall vehicle dynamic system. The study also illustrates an introduction to vehicle dynamics with emphasis towards the influence of its various properties. It also discusses the steady–state behavior of simple automobile models and transient motion when small and large steering inputs and other disturbances are employed. The effect of various shape factors and type of characteristics on vehicle handling properties is analysed. In order to design a controller, a good model representing the dynamic system is needed. From the input parameters considered, the results of the modeling and simulation of vehicle dynamics through the Bond Graph are found efficient and more accurate.
A Mathematical Programming Approach for Sugarcane Cultivation in the State of North India
Authors: Pandey Himanshu , Pandey Ashutosh
Published: June 2015

In Indian economy sugarcane has great contribution to GDP. A large population of India depends on the agriculture sector for livelihood. At, the same time, due to expanding population , diminishing arable land and rising service industry, there is need to increase the production by utilizing the available agriculture resources. This paper represents a linear goal programming model for sugarcane to help farmers to allocate different resources available for sugarcane production in optimum manner.
Various Logically Optimized D Flip Flop Circuits- A Comparative Study in Submicron Technology
Authors: Asthana Abhijit , Akashe Shyam
Published: June 2015

D-Flip Flop (D_FF) is a very important component of various digital, analog and mixed signal systems and designs. It is obvious to come up with optimized D_FF, that cater the needs of low leakage power, less power dissipation, less chip area on the chip and low delays. This paper presents a comparative study of various logically optimized circuits of D_FF using 8T, 11T, 12T and conventional 18T D_FF. The simulation, test circuits, schematics and layouts etc are done on Cadence Virtuoso tool in 180 nm technology. Designs are compared on grounds of power dissipation, leakage power, delays and power delay product.
New Self Similar Solution of Spherical Radiative Gasdynamic Shock Wave With Increasing Density Under The Effect Of Axial And Azimuthal Magnetic Field
Authors: Yadav Ajay Singh , Srivastava Pravin Kumar , Srivastava Kishor Kumar
Published: June 2015

In the present chapter we investigated the self similar flow behind a spherical shock wave propagating in a medium with increasing density, in the presence of magnetic fields. The medium is assumed to be non gravitational due to the heavy nucleus at origin. The medium ahead and behind the shock front are assumed to be inviscid. The initial density of gas is assumed to vary as some power of distance. It is assumed that gas is grey and opaque. The assumption of optically thick grey gas is physically consistant with the neglect of radiation pressure and radiation energy. Total energy of the flow field behind the spherical shock is assumed to be increasing with time, where the gas ahead of the shock is assumed to be at rest. The results of numerical calculations were shown in the form of graphs. A complete study was made for axial and azimuthal magnetic field. Also the effect of variation of initial density behind the shock, shock velocity and respective magnetic fields were investigated.