bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microglial‐Biomimetic Memantine‐Loaded Polydopamine Nanomedicines for Alleviating Depression
Authors: Jiang Chaoqing , Yang Xiao , Huang Qianqian , Lei Ting , Luo Hang , Wu Dongxu , Yang Zixiao , Xu Yanyan , Dou Yikai , Ma Xiaohong , Gao Huile
Published: January 2025

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder, and monoamine‐based antidepressants as first‐line therapy remain ineffective in some patients. The synergistic modulation of neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity could be a major strategy for treating depression. In this study, an inflammation‐targeted microglial biomimetic system, PDA‐Mem@M, is reported for treating depression. Microglial membrane‐coated nanoparticles penetrate the blood‐brain barrier and facilitate microglial targeting. Subsequently, owing to the excellent free radical‐scavenging capacity, PDA‐Mem@M attenuate the brain inflammatory microenvironment. After on‐demand release from the nanoparticles, memantine increases the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factors and reverses the loss of synaptic dendritic spines. Further, in vivo studies demonstrate that PDA‐Mem@M effectively alleviate depression‐like behaviors to a greater extent than memantine or polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA) monotherapy. This synergistic strategy, with satisfactory biosafety and strong anti‐inflammatory and synaptic plasticity restoration effects, is conducive to advances in depression therapy.
All Light Controlled Five State Logic Gates on a Ferroelectric Ceramic Chip
Authors: Wang Lu , He Xiang , Chen Chen , Yi Zhiguo
Published: January 2025

Differentiating photoelectric response in a single material with a simple approach is desirable for all‐in‐one optoelectronic logical devices. In ferroelectric materials, significantly distinct photoelectric features should be observed if they are in diverse polarization states, unveiling a possible pathway to realize multifunctional optoelectronic logic gates through ferroelectric polarization design. In this study, the Ti3+ self‐doping strategy is first applied to 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3‐0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 ferroelectric ceramics (BZT‐BCT‐xT) through co‐firing metallic Ti powders and BZT‐BCT powders to enhance photoelectric output. Subsequently, on the BZT‐BCT‐3T ceramic surface that has optimal photoelectric properties, three individual regions are separated and heterogeneously polarized by using a novel planar three‐electrodes structure. Intriguing illumination region‐dependent photocurrent directions are demonstrated in this as‐fabricated device. Based on this, five basic optoelectronic logic gates are integrated into single ferroelectric ceramic via fully light‐controlled methods, including “AND”, “OR”, “NOT”, “NAND” and “NOR”. These gates can be readily switched by simply altering the output electrodes or light intensity of 405 nm LED modulating light. This work not only puts forward an innovative strategy for designing ferroelectric optoelectronic logic gates, but also provides feasibility for more ferroelectric materials to be applied in logical devices.
Supramolecular Organic Nanofiller: A New Reinforcement Strategy for Dynamic Covalent Polymer Networks Toward Upcycling of Carbon Fiber Composites
Authors: Zhang Zhipeng , Qian Lu , Hu Dandan , Zhang Bin , Ma Chunfeng , Zhang Guangzhao
Published: January 2025

Dynamic covalent polymer networks (DCPN) provide an important solution to the challenging recyclability of thermoset elastomers. However, dynamic bonds exhibit relatively weak bond energies, considerably decreasing the mechanical properties of DCPN. Herein, a novel reinforcement strategy for DCPN involving the in situ formation of supramolecular organic nanofillers through asynchronous polymerization is proposed. Owing to the difference in the reactivity of the isocyanate groups and the gradual deblocking of aldimine, asynchronous cross‐linking of hexamethylene diisocyanate and isocyanate‐terminated prepolymer containing dynamic oxime–urethane bonds with the deblocked tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine facilitates the transition from the molecular interpenetration of chains into immiscible polymerization. This results in thermodynamic incompatibility between the hyperbranched clusters and long chains, inducing a spontaneous formation of supramolecular organic nanofillers. Compared to traditional reinforcement strategies, supramolecular organic nanofillers considerably improve the mechanical properties of DCPN. Furthermore, the supramolecular interactions between hyperbranched clusters and dynamic oxime–urethane bonds enable the network with excellent recyclability. The unique reinforcement and recyclability of the prepared DCPN allow their combination with carbon fibers (CF) to form CF composites with outstanding properties for personal‐protection applications, achieving CF composite upcycling. This study offers a novel strategy on the reinforcement of DCPN and the upcycling of high‐performance CF composites.
Engineering EVs‐Mediated mRNA Delivery Regulates Microglia Function and Alleviates Depressive‐Like Behaviors
Authors: Ge Kezhen , Bai Zetai , Wang Jiwei , Li Zheng , Gao Fenfang , Liu Sangni , Zhang Ling , Gao Fenglei , Xie Chunming
Published: January 2025

The development of new non‐neurotransmitter drugs is an important supplement to the clinical treatment of major depressive disorder. The latest development of mRNA therapy provides the possibility for the treatment of some major diseases. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria constitute a highly interconnected set of fundamental organelles within cells. The interconnection between them forms specific microdomains that play pivotal roles in calcium signaling, mitochondrial dynamics, inflammation, and autophagy. Perturbations in ER‐mitochondrial connections may contribute to the progression of neurological disorders and other diseases. Herein, an extracellular vesicles‐based delivery system, grounded in mRNA gene therapy and integrated with nanomedicine technology is devised. This system is engineered to traverse the blood–brain barrier and specifically target the central nervous system (CNS), facilitating the simultaneous delivery of mRNA drugs and metallic nanozymes into the brain. This dual‐pronged approach, targeting ER and mitochondrial crosstalk, inhibits microglial overactivation, promotes M2 polarization of microglia, and suppresses the NF‐κB signaling pathway. Consequently, it significantly alleviates Lipopolysaccharides‐induced neuroinflammatory responses and ameliorates anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors. This study demonstrates a novel antidepressant therapeutic strategy and establishes a new paradigm for mRNA gene therapy in CNS diseases.
Deploying Partially Cross‐Linked Elastomers to Optimize Adhesion for Long‐Term Surface Electromyography Electrodes
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Wang Xi , Sandsjö Leif , Liu Xuqing , Guo Li
Published: January 2025

Electrophysiological signals generated during daily activities are essential for monitoring and diagnosing various health conditions. Traditionally, Ag/AgCl electrodes with conductive gels have been used to capture these signals, recording them as electrocardiogram (ECG) and electromyogram (EMG). However, gelled electrodes glued to the skin presents challenges related to placement and are uncomfortable to wear for extended recordings. Recent studies have made significant advancements in dry electrodes for electrophysiological signals, mainly focusing on ECG applications with less emphasis on surface EMG (sEMG). To address this gap, this study introduces a novel set of skin‐friendly electrodes made from a blend of conductive carbon black (CB) and partially cross‐linked Ecoflex substrates. By varying the proportions of Ecoflex components A and B, a balance between adequate adhesion and electromechanical properties for good skin contact and long‐term usabi is achieved, owing to the formation of silanol bonds. The CB‐Ecoflex electrodes have been tested through over 50 wash cycles and 100 peel‐offs, demonstrating strong durability and use resilience. Additionally, they maintain good recording conditions for 48 h and when sweat and oil are introduced on the skin. These electrodes consistently deliver reliable performance in 48‐h continuous sEMG recordings, making them suitable for long‐term applications.
miR‐32533 Reduces Cognitive Impairment and Amyloid‐β Overload by Targeting CREB5‐Mediated Signaling Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Zeng Li , Cai Zhongdi , Liu Jianghong , Zhao Kaiyue , Liang Furu , Sun Ting , Li Zhuorong , Liu Rui
Published: January 2025

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with amyloid‐β (Aβ) dysmetabolism, a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study unveiled a novel miRNA, microRNA‐32533 (miR‐32533), featuring a distinctive base sequence identified through RNA sequencing of the APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) mouse brain. Its role and underlying mechanisms were subsequently explored. Bioinformatics and confirmatory experiments revealed that miR‐32533 had a novel 23‐base sequence with minimal coding potential, functioning within the Drosha ribonuclease III (Drosha)/Dicer 1, ribonuclease III (Dicer)‐dependent canonical pathway and identifiable via northern blot. miR‐32533 was abundantly brain‐distributed and downregulated in diverse AD‐related models, including APP/PS1 and five familial AD (5×FAD) mouse brains and AD patient plasma. Overexpression or inhibition of miR‐32533 led to improvements or exacerbations in cognitive dysfunction, respectively, by modulating Aβ production, apoptosis, oxidation, and neuroinflammation through targeting cAMP‐responsive element binding protein 5 (CREB5), which interacted with α disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10), beta‐site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), and presenilin 1 (PS1) promoters, thereby enhancing Aβ production through BACE1 and PS1 upregulation while suppressing non‐amyloidogenic amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing via ADAM10 downregulation. Furthermore, modulation of the miR‐32533/CREB5 axis ameliorated or worsened cognitive impairment by inhibiting or amplifying Aβ overproduction through the BACE1‐involved amyloidogenic and ADAM10‐involved non‐amyloidogenic pathways. Overall, the findings suggest miR‐32533 as a regulator of Aβ metabolism, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, establishing the miR‐32533/CREB5 signaling pathways as potential therapeutic targets for combating Aβ accumulation and cognitive deficits in AD.
All‐Optical Modulation Photodetectors Based on the CdS/Graphene/Ge Sandwich Structures for Integrated Sensing‐Computing
Authors: Yang Qi , Hu Jie , Li Haozhou , Du Qing , Feng Shuanglong , Yang Dong , Zhang Yupeng , Shen Jun
Published: January 2025

In this manuscript, an all‐optical modulation photodetector based on a CdS/graphene/Ge sandwich structure is designed. In the presence of the modulation (near‐infrared) light, the Fermi level of the graphene channel shifts, allowing for the tuning of the visible light response speed as well as achieving a broad responsivity range from negative (‐3376 A/W) to positive (3584 A/W) response. Based on this, logical operations are performed by adjusting the power of the modulation light superimposed with the signal light. This facilitates more covert, all‐optical, high‐speed encrypted communication. The ultrahigh tunability and nearly symmetric positive and negative photoconductivity of all‐optical modulation photodetectors significantly enhance the computational capacity of neuromorphic hardware. The proposed device exhibits substantial advantages in applications requiring high fault tolerance for integrated sensing‐computing （ISC） and high‐resolution motion object recognition, providing insights for the development of next‐generation high‐bandwidth, low‐power‐consumption ISC devices.
Thyroid‐Targeted Nano‐Bombs Empower HIFU for Graves' Disease
Authors: Wang Binhao , Yin Zhuobing , You Xiangyue , Peng Hanwei , Jiang Ying
Published: January 2025

Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder with a high incidence rate, particularly affecting women of reproductive age. Current treatment modalities for GD carry significant disadvantages, especially for pregnant or nursing women. As a novel extracorporeal therapeutic technique, high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) shows great promise for treating GD; however, its low treatment efficacy impedes clinical application. In this study, a thyroid‐targeted nano‐bomb system (PD‐PLGA@Si‐Ab/PDA‐I, PSAPI) is developed to enhance HIFU efficacy and improve therapeutic outcomes for GD. The core structure of PSAPI encapsulates a phase‐transition material, perfluorohexane, and the anti‐inflammatory drug diclofenac within a poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) and silica shell. A polydopamine coating enhances biocompatibility, while iodine loading and thyroid‐stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) antibodies grafting ensure targeted delivery to the thyroid. Robust in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that PSAPI is highly biocompatible, accumulates in the thyroid within 24 h after administration, and significantly potentiates the therapeutic efficacy of HIFU, resulting in markedly reduced inflammatory responses. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a cellular defense mechanism activated in PSAPI‐treated cells following HIFU irradiation, highlighting potential molecular targets for the future development of HIFU‐sensitizing agents. The biocompatible PSAPI nano‐bomb developed in this study holds great transformative potential, addressing critical gaps in current therapeutic practices for GD.
Unraveling Redox Mediator‐Assisted Chemical Relithiation Mechanism for Direct Recycling of Spent Ni‐Rich Layered Cathode Materials
Authors: Kim Suji , Shin Ukseon , Yoon Hyun Ju , Yoon Soo‐Ah , Song Jinju , Ma Jiyoung , Woo Jung‐Je , Nam Kyung‐Wan , Seo Dong‐Hwa , Ryu Won‐Hee
Published: January 2025

The increasing demand for Li‐ion batteries across various energy storage applications underscores the urgent need for environmentally friendly and efficient direct recycling strategies to address the issue of substantial cathode waste. Diverse reducing agents for Li supplements, such as quinone molecules, have been considered to homogenize the Li distribution in the cathode materials obtained after cycling; however, the detailed reaction mechanism is still unknown. Herein, the ideal electrochemical potential factor and reaction mechanism of the redox mediator 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐o‐benzoquinone (DTBQ) for the chemical relithiation of high‐Ni‐layered cathodes are elucidated. Here, 100% efficiency of DTBQ‐assisted chemical relithiation is achieved by adjusting the direct immersion time of Li‐deficient cathode electrodes. The reversible reaction features of the physical and chemical structures of both the regenerated cathodes and the DTBQ molecules are investigated using advanced characterization and density functional theory calculations. These findings emphasize the potential of redox‐mediator‐assisted chemical relithiation for realizing direct recycling processes and offer a facile and sustainable solution for battery recycling.
Functionalized Interlayers in Self‐Powered Organic Photodiodes for Enhanced Near‐Infrared Sensing
Authors: Lee Yongju , Biswas Swarup , Nam Dong Hyun , Park Jae Won , Jang Hyowon , Choi Hyojeong , Kim Juhwan , Park Dong‐Wook , Kim Hyeok
Published: January 2025

There is a growing interest in fabricated organic material‐based photodiodes (OPDs) since they are lightweight, flexible, and cost‐effective to manufacture. Notably, they exhibit near‐infrared photo‐sensing capabilities that are self‐powered, a feature attributed to the tunable optical properties of organic semiconductor (OSC) materials. Nonetheless, the application of OPDs in the semiconductor industry encounters challenges compared to their inorganic counterparts, such as low sensitivity and limited durability. In this study, a self‐powered OPD using a poly[4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo [1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl‐alt‐(4‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3‐fluorothieno[3,4‐b]thiophene‐)‐2‐carboxylate‐2‐6‐diyl)]:biaxial active layer of phenyl‐C70‐butyric acid methyl ester (PTB7‐Th:PC70BM) and an organic hole transport layer (HTL) composed of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PPY:PSS) is developed. These results highlight the effectiveness of PPY:PSS as an HTL, demonstrating distinct improvements in efficiency, photosensitivity, photo‐detectivity, and operational stability of the OPD when the weight ratio between the PPY and PSS is 1:2.
Concurrent Operando Neutron Imaging and Diffraction Analysis Revealing Spatial Lithiation Phase Evolution in an Ultra‐Thick Graphite Electrode
Authors: Strobl Markus , Baur Monica E. , Samothrakitis Stavros , Malamud Florencia , Zhang Xiaolong , Tung Patrick K.M. , Schmidt Søren , Woracek Robin , Lee Jongmin , Kiyanagi Ryoji , Kuhn Luise Theil , Gavish Segev Inbal , Ein‐Eli Yair
Published: January 2025

Energy‐efficient, safe, and reliable Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) are required for a wide range of applications. The introduction of ultra‐thick graphite anodes, desired for high energy densities, meets limitations in internal electrode transport properties, leading to detrimental consequences. Yet, there is a lack of experimental tools capable of providing a complete view of local processes. Here, a multi‐modal operando measurement approach is introduced, enabling quantitative spatio‐temporal observations of Li concentrations and intercalation phases in ultra‐thick graphite electrodes. Neutron imaging and diffraction concurrently provide correlated multiscale information from the scale of the cell down to the crystallographic scale. In particular, the evolving formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), observation of gradients in total lithium content, as well as in the formation of ordered LixC6 phases and trapped lithium are mapped throughout the first charge–discharge cycle of the cell. Different lithiation stages co‐exist during charging and discharging; delayed lithiation and delithiation processes are observed in central regions of the electrode, while the SEI formation, potential plating, and dead lithium are predominantly found closer to the interface with the separator. The study emphasizes the potential to investigate Li‐ion diffusion and the kinetics of lithiation phase formation in thick electrodes.
Host–Guest Complexation of α‐Cyclodextrin and Triiodide Ions for Enhanced Performance of Ionic Thermoelectric Capacitors
Authors: Kao Shih‐Ting , Hsu Ching‐Chieh , Hong Shao‐Huan , Jeng U‐Ser , Wang Chia‐Hsin , Tung Shih‐Huang , Liu Cheng‐Liang
Published: January 2025

Ionic thermoelectric materials have emerged as a promising avenue for harvesting low‐grade waste heat, with significant potential for applications in wearable electronics. This study introduces a novel design for ionic thermoelectric capacitors (ITECs) by incorporating host–guest complexation between α–cyclodextrin (α‐CD) and triiodide ions (I3−). The strong host–guest complexation between α‐CD and I3− confines the diffusion of I3− within the cylindrical cavities of α‐CD, as evidenced by UV–vis spectroscopy and 13C‐NMR analysis. This confinement enhances the ion mobility difference between I3− and sodium ions, which in turn significantly boosts the ionic thermopower of the polyvinyl alcohol/α‐CD/NaI hydrogels. Accordingly, the optimized sample achieves an impressive positive ionic thermopower of 14.24 mV K−1 and a high ionic power factor of 477.2 µW K−2 m−1. Furthermore, the stretchable ITEC demonstrates a substantial power density of 5.9 mW m−2. When integrated into a 3‐leg device, a stable thermovoltage of 176 mV is generated under a temperature gradient of 4.4 K, thus highlighting the potential of this system for efficient thermal energy harvesting.
Functional Alloy Collector Capable of Sustainable Lithium Compensation for Anode‐Free Batteries by a Controlled Lithium‐Prestorage Technology
Authors: Liu Yao , Zeng Cheng , Hu Mingtao , Liang Haoyue , Wei Xinqi , Ji Xinyu , Wang Shuhao , Liu Xizheng , Cui Yanming , Lin Jiu , Zhai Tianyou , Li Huiqiao
Published: January 2025

With higher energy density and reduced cost, anode‐free battery has attracted great attention from both academic and industry. However, the development of anode‐free batteries is hindered by their poor cycle life due to the continuous irreversible lithium (Li) consumption at the anode side. Here, a surface‐functionalized alloy foil, which can gradually release active lithium to the cell upon cycling, used as the collector for anode‐free batteries is proposed. The alloy foil is prestored with a certain amount of active lithium via a simple wet contacting reaction between the metal foil and liquid lithium source reagent. The prestored lithium amount can be precisely controlled by reagent concentration and contact time. When the foil is used as the anode, its alloyed surface demonstrates a low nucleation barrier for lithium deposition and a more uniform deposition behavior. More importantly, the alloy collector can rationally release active lithium to sustainably compensate for the irreversible Li consumption upon the cycling of a full cell, thus greatly prolonging the cycle life of the anode‐free battery by 10 times. Besides, this technique can be extended to diverse metal collectors demonstrating its broad applicability.
Phase Transition Behavior During Sintering Process of Li‐Rich Materials
Authors: Zhang Mengke , Li Jiayang , Pang Qi , Hua Weibo , Deng Yuting , Tang Manqi , Pang Weikong , Wu Zhenguo , Zhong Benhe , Xiao Yao , Qiu Lang , Guo Xiaodong
Published: January 2025

Phase transition serves as an ordinary behavior occurring during the high‐temperature calcination process, while it becomes quite complicated in Li‐rich materials composed of rhombohedral phase LiTMO2 (TM: Ni, Mn) with Rm space group and monoclinic phase Li2TMO3 with C2/m space group. Yet to be firmly elucidated is how the precursor transforms into LiTMO2 (Rm)‐Li2TMO3 (C2/m) compound and what is the precise conversion mechanism between these two phases. This work systematically elaborates the structural evolution with Li/O incorporation during calcination, and proposes a LiTMO2 to Li2TMO3 phase transition mechanism. A series of characterizations on structural rearrangement and detailed analysis provide insights into the comprehension of this transition, i.e., the transition metal (TM) vacancies induced by interlayer TM ions migration function as the primary reason driving the transformation from LiTMO2 to Li2TMO3. This work offers a novel concept for the structural regulation in Li‐rich cathodes.
New AIE Emitters from the Unexpected Boron Tribromide/Boron Trichloride‐mediated Cyclization Reaction and Application for Fluorescence Imaging of Lipid Droplets
Authors: Hu Yichen , Gao Xin , Ma Junlong , Shangguan Zhichun , Chen Liangliang , Zhang Guanxin , Zhang Xi‐Sha , Li Cheng , Li Yanbang , Zhang Deqing
Published: January 2025

The aberrant behavior of lipid droplets (LDs) is often indicative of cellular dysfunction, which may contribute to the development of a range of diseases, particularly metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and atherosclerosis (AS). Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop fluorescence probes targeting LDs to monitor the progression of disease. In this study, an unanticipated one‐pot boron tribromide (BBr₃)/boron trichloride (BCl₃)‐promoted cyclization reaction was discovered, yielding a bromo‐/chloro‐substituted triphenylamine (TPA) derivative (TPA‐Br/TPA‐Cl). TPA‐Br was successfully transformed into new TPA‐containing donor‐acceptor (D–A) molecules which show typical aggregation induced emission (AIE) property. Among these new AIE emitters, TPA‐N shows the most promising LDs targeting specificity, lowest toxicity and best photo‐stability. Ex vivo studies further demonstrate that TPA‐N can be used to fluorescence image fatty liver and AS plaque quickly and effectively.
Caring for the mental health of Afghan refugee youth through a decolonial paradigm: A qualitative analysis of distress, coping mechanisms, and priorities for treatment
Authors: Hosseini Zainab , Alucozai Doonyah , Ahmad Sadena , Omid Mahmood , Khatib Zainab , Mansouri Moones , Awaad Rania
Published: January 2025

Despite the compounded adversities that displaced youth must navigate throughout their forced migration, they consistently exhibit steadfastness in caring for themselves and their families. Extant scholarship, however, often frames these individuals as needy and inept at informing the models of mental health care they are offered. In this study, we use semistructured interviews to learn from the experiences of Afghan refugee youth (N = 34; M age = 19; range 18–24) who were resettled in the United States after the United States withdrawal from Afghanistan in August of 2021 and explore their insights that can inform decolonial and equitable mental health services. Specifically, we elucidate their most salient sources of psychological distress, current coping mechanisms, and priorities for treatment, with a specific focus on the unique experiences of accompanied versus unaccompanied youth. Unaccompanied youth reported more frequent and intense sources of distress, including pre‐resettlement (e.g., exposure to life‐threatening sociopolitical conflicts) and post‐resettlement challenges (e.g., limited access to basic resources and legal status precarity). Youth used faith‐based, relationship‐based, and ethnocultural‐based mechanisms of coping. While 62% of participants reported doubts about the usefulness of mental health care, most of those who expressed an openness to treatment prioritized clinicians who have personal experience in navigating common challenges among refugees. We situate these findings within decolonial and intersectional theoretical frameworks that capture the nuances of Afghan refugee experiences and offer recommendations for ensuring refugee youth's rights to access equitable mental health services.
Combination of Biological Aging and Genetic Susceptibility Helps Identifying At‐Risk Population of Venous Thromboembolism: A Prospective Cohort Study of 394 041 Participants
Authors: Hu Zhensheng , Xu Jiatang , Shen Runnan , Lin Liling , Su Yangfan , Xie Chaoyu , You Guochang , Zhou Yi , Huang Kai
Published: January 2025

Phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) is a novel clinical aging indicator. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between PhenoAgeAccel and the incidence of VTE, as well as to integrate PhenoAgeAccel with genetic susceptibility to improve risk stratification of VTE. The study included 394 041 individuals from the UK Biobank. Phenotypic age was calculated based on actual age and clinical biomarkers. PhenoAgeAccel presents the residual obtained from a linear regression of phenotypic age against actual age, reflecting the rate of aging. Significant associations were observed between PhenoAgeAccel and higher risk of VTE (Hazard ratio [HR] 1.37, 95% CI: 1.32–1.42), deep vein thrombosis (DVT, HR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.29–1.42), and PE (pulmonary embolism, HR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.34–1.48) in the findings. PhenoAgeAccel exhibited a significant additive interaction with genetic susceptibility. Biologically older participants with high genetic risk have a 3.83 (95% CI: 3.51–4.18) folds risk of VTE, a 3.59 (95% CI: 3.21–4.03) folds risk of DVT, and 4.39 (95% CI: 3.88–4.98) folds risk of PE, in comparison to biologically younger participants with low genetic risk. Mediation analyses indicated that PhenoAgeAccel mediated approximately 6% of the association between cancer and VTE, and about 20% of the association between obesity and VTE. Our study indicated that PhenoAgeAccel is significantly associated with higher risk of VTE, and can be combined with genetic risk to improve VTE risk stratification. Additionally, PhenoAgeAccel holds promise as a clinical biomarker for guiding targeted prevention and treatment strategies for VTE.
Development and Evaluation of Thermosensitive Hydrogels for Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Release: A Novel Approach for Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Phan Hai Nam , Nguyen Huyen Thanh Anh , Nguyen Luan Minh , Nguyen Dai Hai , Tran Dieu Linh
Published: January 2025

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) plays a critical role in regulating various pathological processes, such as protecting cells from injury and promoting tissue regeneration, making it a focus of therapeutic applications. However, the unpredictable release of H₂S donors limit its clinical use. In this study, a novel delivery system was developed by encapsulating 5‐aminopyridine‐2‐thiocarboxamide (APTC), a small‐molecule H₂S donor, into a gelatin‐Pluronic (GP) thermosensitive hydrogel. The GP hydrogel exhibited excellent thermosensitivity, transitioning from sol to gel at physiological temperature (~37°C) while maintaining its gelling temperature upon APTC addition, making it ideal for minimally invasive applications. The methylene blue assay demonstrated controlled H₂S release, with the highest cumulative release (1.2 mM) at 80 h in the GP‐APTC 15 hydrogel. Cytocompatibility and cell behavior studies using HUVECs showed that H₂S release significantly enhanced cell migration, fully covering scratched areas within 24 h. GP‐APTC hydrogels also promoted angiogenesis, evidenced by in vitro tube formation and in ovo CAM assays, with greater APTC concentrations leading to increased tube branching and denser vascular networks. This study highlights the novelty of using a thermosensitive GP‐APTC hydrogel as a controlled H₂S delivery platform, offering significant potential for various therapeutic applications, including tissue regeneration and wound healing.
Ground Tire Rubber/Polypropylene Compounds: Relationship Between Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Flores‐Silva Pamela Celeste , Quintanar‐Hernández Rocío , Sifuentes‐Nieves Israel , Sánchez‐Valdés Saúl , González‐Morones Pablo , Hernández‐García Zureima , Hernández‐Hernández Ernesto , Hernández‐Gámez José Francisco
Published: January 2025

A dual acetone‐ultrasound treatment was employed to devulcanize ground tire rubber, which was then used to prepare polypropylene/GTR composites by melt processing. The effect of the type of GTR (acetone treatment and acetone‐ultrasound treatment) and the content incorporated (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt%) on the melt flow and mechanical properties of reprocessed PP was studied. The TGA results showed a decrease in the content of the additives in the treated GTR, improving the interactions with the polymer matrix as indicated by MFI, FTIR, and tensile modulus. The results showed that acetone‐ultrasound‐treated GTR could produce PP extruded pipes for outdoor wire protection, an application that may interest construction industries.
Green Recovery of Toxic Prussian White Cathode From Spent All‐Climate Sodium‐Ion Batteries Using Low‐Melting Mixture Solvents (LoMMSs)
Authors: Chen Yu , Zhao Mengxi , Chen Jiaxin , Dong Jiayi , Niu Zihang , Wang Taoran , Wang Chenyang , Zhang Yuqing
Published: January 2025

A large number of spent sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) will be produced as SIBs become more widely used. However, components of spent SIBs, such as the cathode Prussian white Na2Mn[Fe(CN)6], are toxic and hazardous, leading to water and soil pollution and posing a threat to human health. Therefore, recycling spent SIBs cathode is important and meaningful. Here, we use phytic acid‐based low‐melting mixture solvents (LoMMSs) for the efficient recovery of toxic and hazardous SIBs cathode Prussian white at mild temperatures. Results show that the highest Na leaching efficiency from Prussian white could reach 94.7% by polyethylene glycol 200:phytic acid (14:1) at 80°C for 24 h with a liquid/solid ratio of 50:1. Furthermore, the metal extracted from the leachate is found to precipitate when water is used as the anti‐solvent, with ammonium hydroxide achieving the highest precipitation efficiency of 89.3% at room temperature.
The Impact of Corporate Communication on Consumer Psychology and Product Choice
Authors: Zhong Shuai , Ji Chunli , Prentice Catherine , Yang Jianchun , Li Yuan
Published: January 2025

This research investigates the influence of corporate ability (CA) and social responsibility (CSR) on consumers' product choices through three experimental studies. In Experiment 1, using a real company as the experimental stimulus with 134 participants, we found that for utilitarian products, CA messages had a more substantial influence on purchase intention compared to CSR messages. Experiment 2, employing a fictitious company and products with 142 participants, uncovered significant mediation effects of product trust and product pleasure on the relationship between corporate messages (CA and CSR) and purchase intention for both utilitarian and hedonic products. Experiment 3, with 268 participants, substantiated that product involvement significantly moderates the influence of corporate messages (CA and CSR) on purchase intention for both utilitarian and hedonic products. The findings reveal that CA messages have stronger effects on the purchase of utilitarian products, whereas CSR messages are more effective for hedonic products. Trust significantly mediates the relationship between CA and the purchase of utilitarian products, while pleasure mediates the relationship between CSR and the purchase of hedonic products. Additionally, product involvement significantly moderates these effects. This study uniquely addresses the distinct impacts of CA and CSR on consumer choices, offering valuable insights for corporate communication strategies. The results provide practical implications for marketers, suggesting tailored communication strategies based on product type and consumer involvement.
Optimised Synthesis of Rhombic dodecahedral Cu2O Nanoparticles: A Pathway to Superior Morphological Control
Authors: Sarasino Lorenzo , Ohno Teruhisa , Cristina Paganini Maria
Published: January 2025

Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles hold significant promise for photocatalytic applications due to their narrow bandgap and high surface reactivity. This study focuses on the synthesis of rhombic dodecahedral Cu2O (RD‐Cu2O) nanoparticles, totally enclosed by {110} facets, known to exhibit superior photocatalytic performance over the other low‐index crystallographic facets. The precise control over the synthesis conditions can significantly enhance the exposure of this highly active face and therefore improve the catalytic performance of Cu2O nanoparticles, making them superior for applications in pollutant degradation, organic reactions, and artificial photosynthesis. We systematically optimised the synthesis parameters, including reactants concentration, pH and other reaction conditions, to achieve a significant scale up of well‐defined RD‐ Cu2O nanoparticles production, strictly necessary for the use of this photocatalyst on a larger scale. The optimised and scaled up synthesis require 2.0 mmol of CuCl2, 6.0 mmol of Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), 9.6 mmol of NH2OH ⋅ HCl and 7.0 mmol of NaOH added in this order to 400 ml of water at 25 °C. The optimised nanoparticles demonstrated a narrow size distribution and a high degree of crystallographic control. Characterisation techniques such as FESEM, XRD, EPR, UV‐Vis spectroscopy, and XPS confirmed the improved morphological and structural properties of the synthesised RD‐Cu2O nanoparticles.
Toxicity and Quality of Life After Locoregional Radiotherapy in Patients With Thyroid Cancer
Authors: van den End Job W. , Jager Eline C. , Verbeek Hans H. G. , Oldehinkel Edwin , Jansen Liesbeth , Brouwers Adrienne H. , Zandee Wouter T. , Kruijff Schelto , Links Thera P.
Published: January 2025

Background

Locoregional external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is selectively used in thyroid cancer patients to induce locoregional control. However, despite technological advances, EBRT remains associated with toxicities. We evaluated thyroid‐cancer specific toxicities and long‐term Quality of Life (QoL) post‐EBRT.

Methods

EBRT‐treated thyroid cancer patients at Universal Medical Centre Groningen (2007–2023) were retrospectively evaluated (n = 66). Acute (< 6 weeks) and late (≥ 3 months) toxicities and QLQ‐H&N35 results, prospectively collected as standard patient care, were analyzed (available in 24/66). Additionally, 17/66 living patients cross‐sectionally completed the QLQ‐H&N43 [renewed QLQ‐H&N35] and SF‐36‐RAND‐36.

Results

In 24/66 patients who completed questionnaires during EBRT treatment, most severe acute toxicities occurred around week 6 (91% dermatitis, 74% pain, 70% hoarseness, 65% dysphagia). Late toxicities included persisting acute toxicities and fibrosis. Six months post‐treatment, only QLQ‐H&N35 domains “social eating” (p = 0.031) and “dry mouth/sticky saliva” (p = 0.025) were affected, in comparison to pre‐radiation. In the 10/17 patients who completed the QLQ‐H&N35 6 months post‐radiation and the cross‐sectionally performed QLQ‐H&N43, no long‐term mitigation of assessed domains was identified in a longitudinal analysis. The most advanced EBRT technique was associated with better QLQ‐H&N43 scores (p = 0.047).

Conclusions

EBRT causes acute and late toxicities in most thyroid cancer patients and may be associated with a decreased QoL. As these patients generally survive for multiple years, there is a compelling need to minimize toxicities with more refined radiation techniques, such as proton therapy.
Video urodynamic findings pre‐and post‐transurethral holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for small benign prostatic hyperplasia with vesicoureteral reflux
Authors: Teramoto Sakiko , Murase Kazumasa , Kurosawa Nagayuki , Nagai Shingo , Kubota Yasuaki
Published: January 2025

Introduction

We report the pre‐and postoperative evaluation of small benign prostatic hyperplasia with secondary vesicoureteral reflux using video urodynamics.

Case presentation

A 57‐year‐old man had been suffering from urinary dysfunction for 10 years and was aware of discomfort in his right back during urination. A prostate volume was 24 mL. Cystoscopy revealed hypertrophy of the middle lobe. Video urodynamics demonstrated storage dysfunction, voiding dysfunction, and Grade 3 right vesicoureteral reflux. We performed transurethral holmium laser enucleation of the prostate. Video urodynamics demonstrated improvements in both storage and voiding functions, and the right vesicoureteral reflux resolved 6 months postoperatively.

Conclusion

Even a small prostate can cause severe urinary dysfunction. In cases of secondary vesicoureteral reflux associated with bladder outlet obstruction, simultaneous repair of the reflux is not necessary unless there is recurrent pyelonephritis or reflux nephropathy.
Parents’ reflective functioning and stress: The associations with preschoolers’ social understanding
Authors: Longobardi Emiddia , Morelli Mara , Brunetti Matilde , Sette Stefania , Spataro Pietro , Laghi Fiorenzo
Published: January 2025

Social understanding competence develops in sensitive and co‐regulating caregiver interactions. Parental reflective functioning (PRF) and parenting stress can affect children's social understanding. This study investigated if children's social understanding was associated with PRF and parenting stress. Parents of 305 Italian children aged from 24 to 72 months (M = 48.2, SD = 13.9; 47.9% girls) completed an online survey. Parents completed the following questionnaire: The Parenting Stress Index—Short Form, the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, and the Children's Social Understanding Scale. Results showed that children's social understanding was predicted by lower parenting stress, b = .002, p = .017, and parent's interest and curiosity about the child's mental states, b = .07, p = .013. Findings confirm that high levels of parenting stress and low PRF constitute unfavorable conditions for preschoolers’ socio‐cognitive development. Thus, the present study can have implication for interventions aimed at improving children's social understanding that should focus on reducing parenting stress and enhancing parental mentalizing.
Enhancing Insight in Patients With Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Case Study on Avatar Therapy Using Virtual Reality
Authors: Wille Lara , Lohse Luzie , Jelinek Lena , Moritz Steffen , Schultz Josephine , Borsutzky Swantje , Yassari Amir H. , Mariegaard Lise , Vernal Ditte Lammers , Bekker Sanne Helene , Glenthøj Louise Birkedal , Miegel Franziska
Published: January 2025

Treatment efficacy for patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) with poor insight is low. Insight refers to a patient's ability to recognize that their obsessions are irrational and that their compulsions are futile attempts to reduce anxiety. This case study presents the first application of virtual reality‐assisted avatar therapy for OCD (VRT‐OCD) in a patient with contamination OCD and ambivalent insight. Before treatment, the patient was not distanced from the content of his obsessions, which obstructed treatment progress. VRT‐OCD aims to enhance insight by creating distance between the patient's functional self and their OCD by means of a virtual avatar, an individually designed visual representation of their OCD. The three‐session therapy involved engaging with the avatar, practicing resistance to the OCD, and reinforcing self‐esteem based on the patient's values. By learning that his obsessions hindered him from living life according to his values, the patient was motivated to engage in dialog with his avatar and learned to stand up for himself. After treatment, the patient had improved insight (BABS score reduced by 71%) and reduced symptoms (Y‐BOCS score reduced by 51%). First results suggest that VRT‐OCD may increase insight and empower patients to confront their obsessions, leading to increased motivation to resist their compulsions. This study highlights the feasibility, acceptance, and potential effectiveness of VRT‐OCD as a novel therapeutic approach for individuals with OCD.
Drug–Drug Interaction Between Rifampicin and Albuvirtide: A Phase 1, Randomized, Open‐Label Study
Authors: Zhang Li , Chen Jun , Lin Xiao‐Yan , Lu Yan , Wu Yan , Wu Yi‐Jun , Meng Xian‐Min
Published: January 2025

Albuvirtide (ABT) is a novel long‐acting fusion inhibitor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1), and may be co‐administered with rifampicin (RIF) in patients concurrent with tubercle bacillus and HIV‐1. This study was conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetic effect of co‐administration of the two drugs. In the study, 24 healthy volunteers were randomized to receive ABT alone or with RIF. Plasma concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry for RIF and competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for ABT. Co‐administration with RIF increased the maximum concentration (Cmax) of ABT by 6.93%, and the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) from time 0 to the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0–t) by 21.31%; the geometric mean ratio values (GMRs) for Cmax and AUC0–t of ABT when co‐administered with RIF, relative to administered alone, were 106.93% (90% confidence interval [CI] 97.53%–117.23%) and 121.31% (90% CI 108.68%–135.40%), respectively. Co‐administration with ABT decreased the steady‐state Cmax (Cmax,ss) of RIF by 10.19%, and the steady‐state AUC from time 0 to 24 h (AUC0–24 h,ss) by 19.93%; the GMRs for Cmax,ss and AUC0–24 h,ss of RIF when co‐administered with ABT, relative to administered alone, were 89.81% (90% CI, 79.97%–104.79%) and 80.07% (90% CI 75.68%–84.72%), respectively. The time to reach Cmax (Tmax) of both ABT and RIF demonstrated no statistically significant difference, whether administered alone or concurrently. The pharmacokinetics profiles of both RIF and ABT changed to some extent when co‐administered, while no clinically significant impact on these two drugs was observed, indicating that ABT and RIF can be used together without necessitating dose adjustments.
Examining the Impact of Diet‐and‐Exercise‐Induced Weight Loss on Drug Metabolism and Gastric Emptying in Patients with Obesity
Authors: Liu Shuhan , Wang Lu , Miller Nicole , Waltje Andrea , Abdelnabi Mohamed , Zhu Hao‐Jie , Sun Duxin , Rothberg Amy E. , Pai Manjunath P.
Published: January 2025

Obesity significantly influences drug pharmacokinetics (PK), which challenges optimal dosing. This study examines the effects of diet‐and‐exercise‐induced weight loss on key drug‐metabolizing enzymes and gastric emptying in patients with obesity, who frequently require medications for comorbidities. Participants followed a structured weight management program promoting weight loss over 3–6 months and were not concomitantly on potential CYP inducers or inhibitors. Using a drug cocktail of acetaminophen, caffeine, omeprazole, and midazolam, we assessed UGT1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4 enzyme activities before and after weight loss, respectively, by measuring parent and metabolite concentrations. The time to maximum acetaminophen plasma concentrations reflected the gastric emptying time. PK profiles were compared across two phases: baseline (Phase 1) and post‐weight loss (Phase 2). Twenty‐four participants enrolled, 21 completed Phase 1 and 12 completed both phases. Statistically significant (N = 12, P < .05) gains in CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 activity were observed after weight loss of 7.6% to 26.2%, with a median [25th, 75th percentile] increase in activity of 90.5 [15.0, 194.3] % and 43.0 [7.5, 68.0] %, respectively. A 2‐ or 3‐h single plasma sample‐based ratio of the metabolite to parent concentration strongly correlated with the respective AUC ratio for the drug metabolism phenotype (N = 21). Our findings provide provisional data for evaluation of the effects of non‐pharmacologically and non‐surgically induced weight loss on gastric emptying and drug metabolism for future physiologically based PK models. Development of mechanistic models to optimize drug dosing in obesity are necessary since weight and body composition shifts are expected with emerging new treatments.
Functional outcome improvement and surgical time reduction in a single‐surgeon consecutive case series of hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement: A minimum 5 years follow‐up study
Authors: Tassinari Enrico , Caternicchia Filippo , Rosa Mattia D. , Castagnini Francesco , Angeletti Edoardo , Fantoni Valentina , Tampieri Irene , Burla Andrea , Zaffagnini Stefano
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The learning curve of a single surgeon performing hip arthroscopy is reported to be steep, but, to date, the inflection point after which procedures are more successful is still unknown. The aim of this study was to design a learning curve focused on clinical outcomes, complications and revision/conversion rates.

Methods

Seventy‐one hip arthroscopies performed for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) by a single surgeon, with a minimum follow‐up of 5 years, were considered. Demographics, intraarticular findings and operative and traction time were detailed. HOOS score, subjective outcomes, 30‐day complication rates, complication rates, revision arthroscopies and conversions to hip arthroplasty were recorded.

Results

The mean follow‐up was 7.5 ± 1.8 years (range: 5–11). The progression of the learning curve implied a reduction in surgical time (r: −0.847), traction time (r: −0.806) and postoperative outcomes (r = 0.444). When the procedures were divided into three consecutive groups (25 vs. 25 vs. 21 procedures) or two consecutive groups (36 vs. 35 cases), the first group had a higher occurrence of 30‐day complications (p = 0.002 and p = 0.025, respectively) and the last group experienced a significant amelioration in terms of HOOS score between the preoperative and the postoperative condition (p < 0.001 and p = 0.018).

Conclusions

The inflection point of the hip arthroscopy learning curve is between 25/36 procedures. The first arthroscopies were impacted by higher complications and lower clinical results but no higher rates of revision and conversion to arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.