bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lectins and Tetrahymena – A review
Authors: Csaba György
Published: August 2016

The unicellular ciliate Tetrahymena is a complete organism, one of the most highly developed protozoans, which has specialized organelles performing each of the functions characteristic to the cells of higher ranked animals. It is also able to produce, store, and secrete hormones of higher ranked animals and also react to them. It produces lectins that can bind them and has functions, which are influenced by exogenous lectins. The review lists the observations on the relationship between lectins and Tetrahymena and try to construe them on the basis of the data, which are at our disposal. Considering the data, lectins can be used by Tetrahymena as materials for influencing conjugation, for stimulating hormone receptors, and by this, mimic the hormonal functions. Lectins can influence phagocytosis and movement of the cells as well as the cell division. As Tetrahymena can recognize both related and hostile cells by the help of lectins and surface sugars, it could be surmised a complex predator–prey system. This could determine the survival of the population as well as the nourishment conditions. When Tetrahymena is pathogenic, it can use lectins as virulence factors.
ATEITIES MEDICINOS KRYPTYS: TELENEFROLOGIJA
Authors: Grigutis Mantas , Januškevičius Tomas , Rimševičius Laurynas , Miglinas Marius
Published: August 2016

Reikšminiai žodžiai: telenefrologija, telemedicina, lėtinė inkstų liga. Daugiau negu 70 milijonų žmonių pasaulyje serga lėtine inkstų liga (LIL), naujausiais skaičiavimais, šis skaičius vis didės ir sveikatos apsaugos sistemai teks vis didesnė našta. Telenefrologija – tai telemedicinos rūšis, kuri yra taikoma LIL sergantiems pacientams (įvairios technologijų platformos ir programos). Elektroninė ligos istorija – informacija apie pacientą, kuri perkeliama į elektroninę sistemą ir nuolatos saugoma: taip šeimos gydytojai ir nefrologai gali naudotis sistema nepriklausomai vienas nuo kito ir patogiu metu. Asmeniniai sveikatos įrašai – namų sąlygomis pasiekiama programa, kuria gali naudotis pacientai, nepriklausomai nuo to, kur yra ligonis, jis/ji gali teikti visus duomenis, susijusius su savo būkle ir savijauta gydytojams – taip specialistams lengviau nustatyti diagnozę ar ligos eigą, priimti atitinkamus sprendimus. Kita telemedicinos sritis yra klinikinių sprendimų palaikymo sistema – programos, papildančios elektroninę ligos istoriją ir sumažinančios su medicinos užduotimis susijusių klaidų skaičių. Kitos telenefrologijos formos taip pat labai svarbios: telekonsultacija, teledializė, televizitas, teleanalizė, telefarmacija. Mokymasis internetu tampa neatsiejamas nuo kasdieninės žmogaus veiklos: dėl internete esančių programų pacientai gali tobulėti ir daug sužinoti apie savo ligą net neišeidami iš namų. Taip pat gali padėti išmanieji telefonai, kuriais vis sparčiau siekiama kontroliuoti ir neužleisti ligos (trumposios SMS žinutės, mobiliosios programos).
POLICISTINIŲ INKSTŲ A. RENALIS EMBOLIZACIJA: KLINIKINIS ATVEJIS
Authors: Janiūnienė Eglė , Brazdžiūtė Ernesta , Rimševičius Laurynas , Valančienė Dileta , Kurminas Marius
Published: August 2016

Reikšminiai žodžiai: autosominė dominantinė policistinė inkstų liga, a. renalis embolizacija, lėtinė inkstų liga. Policistinė inkstų liga – tai paveldima autosominė recesyvinė arba dominantinė liga, kuria sergant inkstuose susidaro daugybinės cistos. Cistos pakeičia normalią inksto struktūrą ir pusei sergančiųjų šis pažeidimas progresuoja iki lėtinės inkstų ligos galutinės stadijos. Tai ketvirta pagal dažnumą terminalinės stadijos inkstų ligos priežastis. Dėl cistų susidariusi nefromegalija riboja transplantacijos galimybes dėl vietos trūkumo pilvo ertmėje. Chirurginiai metodai, kaip nefrektomija ar cistų fenestracija, siūlomi šiai problemai spręsti, tačiau jie pasižymi gana didele komplikacijų rizika. Atsižvelgiant į didelį cistų skaičių, perkutaniniai būdai, kaip adatos aspiracija ar cistų sklerozavimas etanoliu, yra riboto naudojimo. Todėl inkstų arterijos embolizacija, remiantis studijų tyrimų duomenimis, yra efektyvi priemonė sumažinti ir pacientų jaučiamus simptomus, ir inkstų dydį apie 50 proc. per vienerius metus po procedūros. Šiame straipsnyje aprašomas klinikinis atvejis apie 55 metų vyrą, sergantį autosomine dominantine policistine inkstų liga ir jam atliktą dešiniojo inksto a. renalis embolizaciją, norint pasiekti inksto tūrio sumažėjimą. Po procedūros dvi dienas buvo padidėjęs arterinis kraujo spaudimas, jaučiamas šono skausmas, kitų komplikacijų nepasitaikė. Praėjus trims mėnesiams po embolizacijos, kompiuterine tomografija nustatytas dešinio inksto tūris 66,47 proc., palyginti su dydžiu prieš procedūrą. Kartu straipsnyje pateikiamas a. renalis embolizacijos panaudojimas ir kitų šalių patirtis.
GIMDOS MIOMŲ ĮTAKA NĖŠTUMUI IR GIMDYMUI
Authors: Plikosova Jekaterina , Ramašauskaitė Diana , Mečėjus Gediminas
Published: August 2016

Reikšminiai žodžiai: gimdos miomos, nėštumas, gimdymas, nėštumo baigtys. Tyrimo tikslas. Įvertinti diagnozuojamų gimdos miomų dažnį ir įvertinti jų įtaką nėštumo eigai ir jos baigčiai. Metodika. Analizuotos 55 moterų, gimdžiusių VšĮ Vilniaus miesto klinikinės ligoninės (VMKL) Akušerijos ir ginekologijos klinikoje 2013.01.01–2014.12.31, gimdymo istorijos. Įtraukimo į tyrimą kriterijus – nėštumo metu esanti mioma. Vertinti moterų antropometriniai duomenys, nėštumo trukmė, nėštumų ir gimdymų skaičius, nėštumo užbaigimo būdas, nėštumo, vaisiaus ir naujagimio komplikacijos, miomos santykis su gimdos sienele ir dydis. Statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta naudojant statistinių duomenų analizės paketą SPSS 20.0. Duomenys laikyti statistiškai patikimi, kai p < 0,05. Rezultatai. Analizuoti 55 atvejai, tai sudaro 1,1 procento visų gimdžiusių 2013–2014 metais VšĮ Vilniaus miesto klinikinės ligoninės Akušerijos ir ginekologijos klinikoje. Vidutinė nėštumo trukmė moterų, kurios turėjo gimdos miomą, – 39 ± 1,47 sav., pirma laiko gimdė 2 moterys (4 proc.). Natūraliais takais pagimdė 19 moterų (35 proc.), o 36 moterys (65 proc.) pagimdė po cezario pjūvio operacijos. Dažniausia cezario pjūvio operacijos indikacija – distocija – 10 atvejų (28 proc.). Vidutinis miomos mazgo dydis – 5,1 ± 1,99 cm (svyravo nuo 2 cm iki 9 cm). Nėštumo trukmė esant mažoms miomoms (iki 5 cm) ir didelėms miomoms (per 5 cm) statistiškai reikšmingai nesiskyrė. Komplikacijų gimdymo metu pasitaikė 20 moterų (36 proc.), vyravo gimdymo distocija – 10 atvejų (50 proc.). Vidutinis naujagimių svoris siekė 3 439 ± 542,6 g. Naujagimio gimimo svoris, mažesnis kaip 10 procentilių, nustatytas 7 naujagimiams (13 proc.), o svoris per 90 procentilių – 6 naujagimiams (11 proc.). Specifinių komplikacijų naujagimiams nustatyta nebuvo. Išvada. Gimdos miomų, dokumentuotų nėštumo metu, dažnis yra mažas. Jos neturi ženklios įtakos nėštumo eigai, trukmei ir naujagimio būklei gimimo metu, tačiau ženkliai lemia nėštumo užbaigimo būdą – dažniau atliekamos cezario pjūvio operacijos.
NEUROLOGINĖS SKYDLIAUKĖS LIGŲ KOMPLIKACIJOS
Authors: Kimševaitė Liudmila
Published: August 2016

Reikšminiai žodžiai: skydliaukės ligos, neurologinė patologija, neurologinės komplikacijos. Darbo tikslas. Išanalizuoti skydliaukės ligomis sergančių asmenų neurologinę patologiją. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Vilniaus miesto klinikinės ligoninės Vidaus ligų ir Nefrologijos skyriuose 2012 m. balandį – 2015 m. birželį tyrėme 62 skydliaukės ligomis sergančius ligonius (60 moterų ir 2 vyrus), kuriems buvo ar pasireiškė neurologinė patologija. Ligonių amžius – 39–88 metai (vidurkis – 66,8 ± 1,9 metų). Visiems ligoniams atliktas bendras ir biocheminis kraujo tyrimas, skydliaukės hormonų (TSH, FT4) kiekio nustatymas kraujo serume, skydliaukės echoskopija, vidaus organų echoskopija, esant indikacijoms – galvos (stuburo) KT, KT angiografija, magnetinio rezonanso tomografija (MRT). Statistinių duomenų vidurkių skirtumai vertinti Stjudento patikimumo kriterijumi t. Skirtumai laikyti statistiškai patikimi, esant p < 0,05. Rezultatai. Sergančiųjų skydliaukės ligomis neurologinė patologija Lietuvoje išanalizuota pirmą kartą. Galvos smegenų kraujotakos sutrikimai buvo 12 (19,4 proc.) ligonių, metastazės galvos smegenyse – 2 (3,2 proc.), meningioma – 1 (1,6 proc.), tiroidinė (Hašimoto) encefalopatija – 5 (8,1 proc.), hipotiroidinė demencija – 1 (1,6 proc.), lėtinė galvos smegenų išemija – 11 (17,7 proc.), Parkinsono liga – 1 (1,6 proc.), epilepsiniai priepuoliai – 2 (3,2 proc.), neramių kojų sindromas – 3 (4,8 proc.), hipotiroidinė miopatija – 1 (1,6 proc.), tiroidinė neuropatija – 4 (6,5 proc.), polineuropatija – 5 (8,1 proc.), migrena – 4 (6,5 proc.), somatoforminė autonominė disfunkcija – 10 (16,1 proc.). Nustatyta, kad galvos smegenų infarktas ir praeinantis smegenų išemijos priepuolis visais atvejais įvyko esant hipotireozei ir keturiems (6,5 proc.) iš penkių (8,1 proc.) ligonių, praeityje patyrusių galvos smegenų infarktą, buvo hipotireozė. Galvos smegenų infarkto atveju, palyginus su sergančiųjų lėtine galvos smegenų išemija grupe, nustatytas statistiškai reikšmingas TSH kiekio kraujyje padidėjimas – atitinkamai 6,47 ± 1,0 mIU/l ir 3,04 ± 1,3 mIU/l (p < 0,05). Pateikti klinikiniai atvejai. Apžvelgta naujausia mokslinė literatūra apie sergančiųjų skydliaukės ligomis neurologinę patologiją. Atliktų tyrimų duomenys palyginti su literatūros duomenimis. Išvados. Galvos smegenų kraujotakos sutrikimai yra dažniausios skydliaukės ligų neurologinės manifestacijos. Nustatytas galvos smegenų infarkto ir hipotiroidizmo ryšys. Tiroidinės encefalopatijos klinikinis spektras platus – nuo nežymios kognityvinės disfunkcijos iki demencijos. Epilepsiniai priepuoliai gali būti pirminė klinikinė Hašimoto encefalopatijos apraiška. Parkinsonizmas ir neramių kojų sindromas dažnesni sergant skydliaukės ligomis. Hipertireozė gilina parkinsoninį tremorą. Hipotireozė gali paūminti galvos skausmą. Neuropatija dažnesnė hipotiroidizmo atveju.
VAIKŲ, SERGANČIŲ CISTINE FIBROZE, VITAMINO D KONCENTRACIJA KRAUJYJE
Authors: Lūžaitė Aušra , Radžiūnienė Violeta , Dumčius Sigitas , Ėmužytė Regina , Kinčinienė Odeta
Published: August 2016

Reikšminiai žodžiai: cistinė fibrozė, vitaminas D, vaikai, kasos funkcijos nepakankamumas. Vitamino D stoka sergantiems cistine fibroze asmenims yra labiau paplitusi, palyginti su sveikais tiriamaisiais. Viena svarbiausių to priežasčių – sutrikęs vitamino D įsisavinimas. Esant nepakankamai kasos funkcijai, vystosi riebalų, o kartu ir juose tirpių vitaminų malabsorbcija, todėl sutrinka į virškinamąjį traktą patekusio vitamino D apykaita. Kasos funkcijos nepakankamumas Šiaurės Europoje nustatomas apie 90 proc. cistine fibroze sergančių vaikų. Tyrimo tikslas. Įvertinti cistine fibroze sergančių vaikų vitamino D koncentraciją kraujyje, nustatyti galimus vitamino D stokos skirtumus pagal lytį, amžių, metų laikus bei mitybos būklę. Metodika. Retrospektyviai ir prospektyviai surinkti vaikų (0–17 m.), sergančių cistine fibroze, 25-hidroksivitamino D (25(OH)D) tyrimai, atlikti 2013–2015 m., duomenys apie lytį, ūgį, svorį. 25(OH)D norma laikyta 74–107 nmol/l, nepakankamumu – 50–74 nmol/l, trūkumu – <50 nmol/l. Vaikų fizinis išsivystymas (įmitis) vertintas procentilėmis pagal kūno masės indeksą. Analizuoti 23 vaikų, sergančių cistine fibroze, vitamino D tyrimai (iš viso n = 46). Rezultatai. Iš visų (n = 46) atliktų 25-hidroksivitamino D tyrimų 89,13 proc. nustatyta stoka, bendras vidurkis – 44,09 nmol/l (± 24,36), berniukų (n = 22) – 44,12 (± 28,79) nmol/l, mergaičių (n = 24) – 44,05 (± 20,09) nmol/l, vaikų (n = 32) – 46,08 (± 24,00) nmol/l, paauglių (n = 14) – 39,52 (± 25,43) nmol/l. Pavasarį 25-hidroksivitamino D vidutinė koncentracija yra 22,66 (± 14,15) nmol/l, rudenį – 50,29 (±23,1) nmol/l. Vaikams, kurių kūno masės indeksas <10 procentilio, 25-hidroksivitamino D vidutinis dydis yra 31,18 (± 21,54) nmol/l, o >10 procentilio – 40,55 (± 27,93) nmol/l. Išvados. Daugumai cistine fibroze sergančių vaikų trūksta vitamino D. Nėra reikšmingų 25-hidroksivitamino D koncentracijos kraujyje skirtumų tarp berniukų ir mergaičių. Paaugliams vitamino D trūksta labiau nei vaikams iki 12 m. 25(OH)D koncentracija kraujyje kinta pagal metų laikus (pavasarį stoka didžiausia). Blogos mitybos būklės vaikams 25(OH)D koncentracija kraujyje mažesnė nei pakankamos mitybos.
Physical properties and carbon dioxide capture of synthetic gamma-C2S cement composites in the early days of curing
Authors: Mabudo Godfrey Mainagalya , Lee Sunghyun , Kang Seungmin , Song Myongshin
Published: August 2016

This study investigates how the porosity and compressive strength of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) blended with different ratios of synthetic gamma dicalcium silicate (γ-C2S) change in the first 28 d of curing. The composites are cured either under normal atmospheric conditions (standard curing) or in a carbon dioxide chamber (accelerated carbonation curing). The carbon dioxide capture experiments are performed under constant conditions (10% carbon dioxide, 20°C and 60% relative humidity) and results are evaluated on days 3, 7 and 28, representative of the early curing days for the blends. The results show that the samples cured under carbonation exhibit higher compressive strengths after 28 d of curing than their corresponding samples cured under standard conditions. The results also show that the porosity of the 20 wt% γ-C2S/OPC blend cured under carbonation conditions is reduced from 29·0% to 19·4%, indicating the densification of the final product. This decrease in porosity is attributed to the formation of calcite and vaterite (μ-CaCO3) phases, by the free calcium oxide inside the pore structure reacting with carbon dioxide. These findings confirm that a 20 wt% γ-C2S/OPC blend cured under carbon dioxide undergoes densification, and this contributes to the enhanced durability and strength of carbon dioxide-cured cement products.
Combined Effects of GSTM1 Null Allele and APOL1 Renal Risk Alleles in CKD Progression in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension Trial
Authors: Bodonyi-Kovacs Gabor , Ma Jennie Z. , Chang Jamison , Lipkowitz Michael S. , Kopp Jeffrey B. , Winkler Cheryl Ann , Le Thu H.
Published: August 2016

Apolipoprotein L-1 (APOL1) high–risk alleles and the glutathione-S-transferase-μ1 (GSTM1) null allele have been shown separately to associate with CKD progression in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) trial participants. Here, we determined combined effects of GSTM1 null and APOL1 high–risk alleles on clinical outcomes in 682 AASK participants who were classified into four groups by GSTM1 null or active genotype and APOL1 high– or low–risk genotype. We assessed survival differences among these groups by log-rank test and Cox regression adjusted for important clinical variables for time to GFR event (change in GFR of 50% or 25-ml/min per 1.73 m2 decline), incident ESRD, death, or composite outcomes. The groups differed significantly in event-free survival for incident ESRD and composite outcomes (P≤0.001 by log-rank test). Compared with the reference GSTM1 active/APOL1 low–risk group, other groups had these hazard ratios for the composite outcome of incident ESRD and change in GFR: GSTM1 active/APOL1 high–risk hazard ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.76 to 5.90 (P=0.15); GSTM1 null/APOL1 low–risk hazard ratio, 2.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 3.88 (P=0.03); and GSTM1 null/APOL1 high–risk hazard ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.51 to 5.96 (P=0.002). In conclusion, GSTM1 null and APOL1 high–risk alleles deleteriously affect CKD progression among blacks with hypertension, and subjects with both GSTM1 null and APOL1 high–risk genotypes had highest risk of adverse renal outcomes. Larger cohorts are needed to fully explore interactions of GSTM1 and APOL1 genotypes in other subgroups.
Infuências da mídia e das relações sociais na obesidade de escolares e a Educação Física como ferramenta de prevenção
Authors: Teixeira Renan Carlos , Costa Saulo De Paula , Oliveira Gabriela Venturini , Candido Flávio Napoleão , Rafael Leonardo Medeiros , Mazini Filho Mauro Lúcio
Published: August 2016

A obesidade nada mais é que o acúmulo excessivo de gordura no organismo, que pode levar a comprometimentos de saúde. Nos últimos 20 anos, o excesso de gordura na população infantil aumentou drasticamente, devido a maus hábitos alimentares, por influência de mídias e das relações sociais na qual a criança está inserida. Objetivo: verificar as influências do estilo de vida, relações sociais e da mídia na obesidade infantil e entender como as aulas de Educação Física podem auxiliar na sua prevenção. Método: este estudo constitui-se de uma revisão da literatura, realizada entre abril e julho de 2015, alicerçada por livros presentes na Biblioteca das Faculdades Sudamérica e por artigos científicos selecionados através de busca no banco de dados dos periódicos capes, Scielo, Bireme e Pubmed. Resultados: foram selecionados 111 artigos na busca das palavras chaves, e posteriormente selecionado 51 que atendiam ao interesse da pesquisa. Considerações finais: de acordo com a maioria das pesquisas estudadas, apenas duas aulas de 50 minutos por semana, o professor de Educação Física não consegue combater a obesidade, mas consegue com uma importante contribuição da mídia, conscientizar esses alunos a respeito de hábitos alimentares saudáveis e práticas regulares de atividades físicas, contribuindo assim para a diminuição dos quadros de obesidade infantil registrados atualmente.
A criança com TDAH: análise do desempenho escolar e engajamento motor
Authors: Américo Camila Della Passe , Kappel Natálie Dos Reis Rodrigues , Berleze Adriana
Published: August 2016

A criança com Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade (TDAH) apresenta dificuldades em tomar decisões e adequar seus comportamentos durante as atividades diárias. Nesta perspectiva, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o desempenho escolar e o engajamento motor nas aulas de Educação Física de uma criança com e outra sem TDAH. Caracterizou-se como um estudo de caso realizado com duas crianças com 8 anos de idade. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Teste de Desempenho Escolar e as Categorias Descritoras de Respostas para analisar o engajamento motor. Os resultados evidenciaram um desempenho inferior da criança com TDAH quando comparada à criança sem o transtorno no desempenho escolar e no engajamento motor durante as aulas de Educação Física. Conclui-se que o ambiente escolar e familiar devem estimular o engajamento, especialmente da criança com TDAH, nas mais variadas formas de aprendizagens.
Certificación de material vegetal sano en Colombia: Un análisis crítico de oportunidades y retos para controlar enfermedades ocasionadas por virus
Authors: Rodríguez Marlon H. , Niño Nancy E. , Cutler Joseph , Langer Juliane , Casierra-Posada Fánor , Miranda Diego , Bandte Martina , Fischer Gerhard , Büttner Carmen
Published: August 2016

Los virus que afectan las plantas son de gran importancia en la producción agrícola de Colombia. Diferentes estudios indican que las pérdidas económicas causadas por estos problemas fitosanitarios, podrían evitarse con un mayor conocimiento sobre estos patógenos y mediante un sistema de manejo como guía. Los viveros, productores, comercializadores y consumidores, se beneficiarían de productos de calidad al controlar las fuentes de virus. Los acuerdos de libre comercio han dado lugar a una expansión de la producción agrícola y a la proliferación de cientos de viveros que no han sido objeto de inspección minuciosa por parte del estado. Este artículo presenta los principales virus que afectan dos importantes frutales exóticos de exportación para Colombia, los frutos de pasión (Passiflora sp.) y la uchuva (Physalis peruviana).  A su vez, esquematiza lo que sería un programa de producción y certificación de material vegetal sano para los viveros y  la creación de un programa nacional de certificación de material, dirigido por el Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural y el Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA); apoyado por las universidades con carreras agrícolas, centros de investigación y laboratorios fitosanitarios que proporcionarían un sistema de supervisión y control adecuados, para el material vegetal y esquemas de asistencia técnica oportuna para los agricultores. Esta iniciativa interinstitucional también apoyaría la implementación y el ajuste de las resoluciones fitosanitarias del ICA en semillas (R. 2046/2003), material de propagación en  frutales (R. 3180/2009) y la resolución recientemente aprobada para el transporte interno de material vegetal (R. 3973/2016). Los productores necesitan acceso a material vegetal sano, para proteger la seguridad alimentaria nacional y mantener una ventaja competitiva en el mercado.
Taxa de Infestação da Varroa destructor em colônias de Apis mellifera L. no Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco
Authors: Clementino Deygnon Cavalcanti , Galindo Gislane Mendes , Milfont Marcelo de Oliveira
Published: August 2016

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a taxa de infestação da Varroa destructor em colônias de Apis mellifera L. proveniente de apiário no município de Lagoa do Ouro, Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco. A pesquisa foi realizada no mês de setembro de 2015. Participaram do estudo 15 colônias, em que foram coletadas em média 227 abelhas adultas de cada colmeia e acondicionadas em recipientes contendo álcool a 70%. Após as coletas a campo, as amostras foram transportadas para o laboratório de Biologia Animal da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/Unidade Acadêmica de Garanhuns, para a realização das análises e quantificação dos ácaros. Os resultados demonstraram que 100% das amostras estavam parasitadas com o ácaro, sendo que a média geral da taxa de infestação foi de 6,16%. O grau de infestação pela Varroa destructor observado nas colônias variou de 0,93% a 11,15%. Conclui-se que as colônias analisadas apresentam diferentes níveis de infestação pelo ácaro Varroa destructor.

Infestation rate of Varroa destructor in Apis mellifera L. colonies in the South Agreste of Pernambuco

Abstract: This study aimed to verify the infestation rate of Varroa destructor in Apis mellifera L. colonies in the apiary from Lagoa do Ouro County, South Agreste of Pernambuco. The survey was conducted in September 2015. The study included 15 colonies, which were collected on average 227 adult bees in each hive and placed in vials containing 70% alcohol. After harvesting the field, the samples were transported to the Animal Biology Laboratory at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco/Academic Unit of Garanhuns, to perform the analysis and quantification of mites. The results showed that 100% of the samples were infested with mites, and the overall average infestation rate was 6.16%. The degree of infestation by Varroa destructor observed in colonies ranged from 0.93% to 11.15%. It is concluded that the analyzed colonies have different levels of infestation by the mite Varroa destructor.
Espacialização dos serviços básicos de saneamento na zona rural do município de Pombal-PB
Authors: Araújo Sayonara Costa de , Silva Filho José Adalberto da , Silva Gabriela Muricy de Souza , Andrade Sobrinho Luiz Gualberto de , Nogueira Virgínia de Fátima Bezerra
Published: August 2016

Os serviços de saneamento básico prestados a uma parcela considerável da população que reside em áreas rurais apresentam elevado déficit de cobertura. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi obter um diagnóstico sobre a realidade do acesso aos serviços de saneamento na zona rural do município de Pombal-PB. A metodologia adotada consistiu na análise de dados oriundos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística através do Sistema de Informações Georreferenciadas Estatcart e espacialização das informações por meio do QGis 2.6.0. Os resultados indicaram que a cobertura de domicílios, por um sistema de abastecimento de água, esgotamento sanitário e manejo de resíduos sólidos, é considerada ineficiente, uma vez que as residências não são atendidos ou tem um atendimento inferior a 20%. Contatou-se ainda uma desproporcionalidade dos serviços entre as zonas urbana e rural do município. A ausência de saneamento compromete a saúde da população. Logo, o diagnóstico do acesso aos serviços de saneamento é visto como uma ferramenta importante e necessária para implementação de políticas públicas que promovam melhoria da qualidade de vida dos moradores dessas localidades, bem como garantam a conservação do meio ambiente.

 

Spatial analysis of sanitation services in the rural zone of Pombal, Paraíba State, Brazil

Abstract: Basic sanitation services that are provided to a considerable portion of the population living in rural areas have high deficit coverage. This paper aims at obtaining a diagnosis of access to sanitation services in the rural zones of Pombal, Paraíba State, Brazil. The methodology consisted of data analysing from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics through the Georeferenced Information System Estatcart and spatial information through QGIS 2.6.0. The results indicated that the residences coverage by water supply system, sewage system and solid waste collection, is considered inefficient, since they do not receive the services or have a coverage below 20%. It was also contacted a disproportionality of services between urban and rural areas in the municipality. The lack of sanitation affects the health of the population. Therefore, the diagnosis of access to sanitation services is seen as an important and necessary tool for the implementation of public policies that improve the quality of life of those who live in rural areas, as well as ensure the conservation of the environment.
Influence of Obesity on Periodontitis Progression Is Conditional on Interleukin‐1 Inflammatory Genetic Variation
Authors: Wilkins Leon M. , Kaye Elizabeth K. , Wang Hwa‐Ying , Rogus John , Doucette‐Stamm Lynn , Kornman Kenneth , Garcia Raul I.
Published: August 2016

Background: This study evaluates whether specific patterns of interleukin (IL)‐1 gene variants, known to affect periodontitis severity, influence the previously reported association between obesity and subsequent periodontitis progression in a longitudinal database. The study population included 292 men (aged 29 to 64 years at entry) from the Veterans Affairs Dental Longitudinal Study from whom DNA and dental and anthropometric endpoints were collected during multiple examinations (approximately every 3 years for up to 27 years).

Methods: Key variables assessed included: 1) periodontitis; 2) body mass index; 3) waist circumference to height (WHTR) ratio for central adiposity; 4) age; 5) smoking; 6) glucose tolerance; and 7) two previously reported versions of IL‐1 genetic patterns associated with periodontitis severity and progression. Disease progression was determined using predefined criteria that used a combination of change in classification of disease severity based on alveolar bone loss and tooth loss during follow‐up. Extended Cox regression analyses were used to estimate hazards of experiencing periodontal disease progression with or without adjustments for appropriate covariates.

Results: In hazard ratio analyses, men with WHTR >50% at baseline and positive for either IL‐1 genotype version were at significantly higher risk (two‐fold) for disease progression (P for interaction = 0.04). Participants positive for IL‐1 genotype version 2 exhibited earlier progression (fewer years from baseline to first incidence of progression) than those who were negative (P = 0.02, adjusted for age and smoking).

Conclusion: In this longitudinally monitored male population, observed effect of baseline central adiposity on future periodontitis progression is conditional on proinflammatory IL‐1 genetic variations.
La libertad de imprenta en la América española (ensayo de historia comparada sobre la opinión pública moderna)
Authors: Loaiza Cano Gilberto
Published: August 2016

Este ensayo pretende mostrar las diferencias y semejanzas en el proceso de instauración de la libertad de imprenta en varios lugares de la América española. El análisis estará concentrado en los decenios 1810 a 1830, e incluye lo sucedido en Nueva España, Nueva Granada, Río de la Plata y Chile, principalmente.
La mujer lectora en la “prensa femenina” del siglo XIX. Estudio comparativo entre Biblioteca de Señoritas (1858–1859) y La Mujer (1878-1881)
Authors: Gil Medina Cristina
Published: August 2016

A mediados del siglo XIX, la prensa en Colombia comenzó a especializarse en un tipo de lector al que antes no estaba dirigida de manera explícita: la mujer. Esta iniciativa requería una actualización en la administración de las publicaciones periódicas, que se evidenciaba en su materialidad, contenido, notas editoriales, temáticas, géneros, entre otros aspectos. De este modo, cada publicación daba cuenta de una orientación ideológica que la guiaba y, en esa medida, expresaba la concepción que tenía sobre la mujer, su papel en la sociedad y, consecuentemente, la figura de la lectora ideal que pretendía forjar.
Ilustración nariñense, la revista cultural del sur de Colombia 1924-1955
Authors: Álvarez Hoyos María Teresa
Published: August 2016

Este artículo presenta la revista Ilustración Nariñense, una revista cultural de la primera mitad del siglo XX, que se editó en Pasto durante más de tres décadas, cumpliendo una importante función en la construcción de un imaginario colectivo sobre el progreso de la región que pasaba por lograr formas para superar el aislamiento geográfico. Como empeño editorial se convirtió en instrumento para cimentar un proyecto común de transformación de la región, a través de la lucha por la instalación de un sistema vial que facilitara las comunicaciones con el país y el extranjero, bajo el supuesto de que el progreso de la región estaba anclado a la construcción de la vía férrea.La actividad periodística y ensayística de la revista intentó quebrar el aislamiento intelectual de la comarca y propiciar la difusión de los intereses y problemas regionales. Para el estudio de la publicación se examinaron aspectos materiales y de contenido, que implicó la elaboración de índices temáticos y cronológicos y un análisis de los artículos de tipo hermenéutico, de tal modo que permitiera interpretar los ejes que estructuraron la revista.
Prototyping of Kinematics Simulator for Supporting Autonomous Mobile Robot Development
Authors: Shimane Kitaro ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tokyo College, Ueda Ryo , Tarao Susumu
Published: August 2016

[abstFig src='/00280004/05.jpg' width='300' text='Appearance of the kinematics simulator' ] A kinematics simulator for an autonomous mobile robot has been proposed to simulate complicated motions such as those caused by the interaction between a robot and its environment in terms of geometric relationship. The simulator is expected to assist in the development of a robot control system for autonomous running in the real world. This paper presents the simulator concept, its basic configuration, and the results of preliminary simulation experiments, which have been performed to evaluate a simple motion model, and an environment model based on occupancy grid maps and a laser range finder pseudo sensor model consisting of a typical probabilistic density. The results of the simulation experiments using the aforementioned multiple models are also presented to demonstrate that the simulator can perform in various numerical environments.
Pneumatically Driven Multi-DOF Surgical Forceps Manipulator with a Bending Joint Mechanism Using Elastic Bodies
Authors: Takikawa Kyouhei ,   Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Miyazaki Ryoken , Kanno Takahiro , Endo Gen , Kawashima Kenji ,   Tokyo Institute of Technology
Published: August 2016

[abstFig src='/00280004/13.jpg' width='300' text='Proposed pneumatically driven multi-DOF surgical forceps manipulator' ] In this study, a pneumatically-driven forceps manipulator was developed for a master-slave-type surgical robot. The proposed manipulator had two flexible joints, one for the bending joint at the tip and the other for transmitting a bending force from the actuators to the wires of the forceps. The manipulator had two degree-of-freedoms (DOFs) of bending driven by only two pneumatic cylinders and a gripper driven by a cylinder. Given the interoperability in real surgery, a mechanism was proposed such that the clean forceps part could be easily attached to and detached from the filthy drive unit. An experiment of the master-slave-system was conducted with the proposed manipulator to verify the tracking performance of the cylinders’ position and the bending angle of the forceps manipulator.
Beneficial Properties of Probiotics
Authors: Lye Huey Shi  , Kunasundari Balakrishnan  , Kokila Thiagarajah  , Nor Ismaliza Mohd Ismail  , Ooi Shao Yin
Published: August 2016

Probiotics are live microorganisms that can be found in fermented foods and cultured milk, and are widely used for the preparation of infant food. They are well-known as “health friendly bacteria”, which exhibit various health beneficial properties such as prevention of bowel diseases, improving the immune system, for lactose intolerance and intestinal microbial balance, exhibiting antihypercholesterolemic and antihypertensive effects, alleviation of postmenopausal disorders, and reducing traveller’s diarrhoea. Recent studies have also been focused on their uses in treating skin and oral diseases. In addition to that, modulation of the gut-brain by probiotics has been suggested as a novel therapeutic solution for anxiety and depression. Thus, this review discusses on the current probiotics-based products in Malaysia, criteria for selection of probiotics, and evidences obtained from past studies on how probiotics have been used in preventing intestinal disorders via improving the immune system, acting as an antihypercholesterolemic factor, improving oral and dermal health, and performing as anti-anxiety and anti-depressive agents.

 

Probiotik ialah mikroorganisma hidup yang boleh didapati dalam makanan fermentasi dan susu kultur, dan digunakan secara meluas dalam penyediaan makanan bayi. Probiotik dikenali sebagai “bakteria baik” yang memiliki pelbagai manfaat untuk kesihatan seperti pencegahan penyakit usus, peningkatan sistem imun, intoleransi laktosa dan keseimbangan mikrob usus, menunjukkan kesan antihiperkolesterolemik dan antihipertensi, meredakan gangguan menopaus, dan mengurangkan cirit-birit pengembara. Kajian baru-baru ini juga telah memberi tumpuan kepada kegunaan probiotik dalam merawati penyakit kulit dan mulut. Di samping itu, modulasi paksi gut-otak dengan probiotik telah dicadangkan sebagai penyelesaian terapeutik baru bagi gejala kebimbangan dan kemurungan. Oleh itu, kajian ini membincangkan mengenai produk-produk semasa yang mengandungi probiotik di Malaysia, kriteria pemilihan probiotik, dan bukti-bukti yang diperolehi daripada kajian lepas tentang bagaimana probiotik telah digunakan untuk mencegah gangguan usus melalui peningkatan sistem imun, bertindak sebagai faktor antihiperkolesterolemik, meningkatkan kesihatan mulut dan kulit, dan berperanan sebagai ejen anti-kebimbangan dan anti-kemurungan.
Looking beyond headline indicators: water and sanitation services in small towns in Ethiopia
Authors: Adank Marieke , Butterworth John , Godfrey Sam , Abera Michael
Published: August 2016

This paper presents findings on water and sanitation service levels from 16 small and medium towns in four regions of Ethiopia. In these settlements, the proportion of people with access to improved water and sanitation services is found to be high and consistent with other major datasets and reports for urban Ethiopia. However, when service characteristics such as reliability, quality, quantity and accessibility (including travel and queuing time) of water are considered, and for sanitation, quality and use, a different picture emerges. Only a small minority of households, 9% for water and 3% for sanitation, were found to receive services that meet the standards set in the Ethiopian government's first Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP I). Under the second Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP II), standards for urban water services have been set higher and current performance levels are even lower. This paper illustrates the discrepancies between average coverage figures, actual service delivery levels and the increased demands of the GTP II. The paper illustrates the huge scale of the challenge faced in improving WASH service delivery levels in small towns in Ethiopia, which is an issue of wider relevance in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals.
Development of a Prognostic Model for Patients With Shoulder Complaints in Physical Therapist Practice
Authors: Karel Yasmaine H.J.M. , Verhagen Arianne P. , Thoomes-de Graaf Marloes , Duijn Edwin , van den Borne Maaike P.J. , Beumer Annechien , Ottenheijm Ramon P.G. , Dinant Geert-Jan J. , Koes Bart W. , Scholten-Peeters Gwendolijne G.M.
Published: August 2016

Background

Health care providers need prognostic factors to distinguish between patients who are likely to recover and those who are not likely to recover.

Objective

The aim of this study was to: (1) describe the clinical course of recovery and (2) identify prognostic factors of recovery in patients with shoulder pain at the 26-week follow-up.

Design

A prospective cohort study was carried out in the Netherlands and included 389 patients who consulted a physical therapist for a new episode of shoulder pain.

Method

Participants were followed for 26 weeks. Potential predictors of recovery were selected from the literature and, with the addition of 2 new variables (ie, use of diagnostic ultrasound and working alliance), evaluated in the multivariable regression analysis. Multiple imputation was used to handle missing data, and bootstrap methods were used for internal validation.

Results

The recovery rate was 60% for the total population and 65% for the working population after 26 weeks. Short duration of complaints, lower disability scores, having a paid job, better working alliance, and no feelings of anxiety or depression were associated with recovery. In the working population, only duration of complaints and disability remained in the final model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the final model was 0.67 for the total population and 0.63 for the working population. After internal validation, the AUC was corrected to 0.66 and 0.63, respectively.

Limitations

External validation of the prognostic model should be done prior to its use in clinical practice.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that several factors can predict recovery.
Gendering Disposability
Authors: Razack Sherene H.
Published: August 2016

In 2011, thirty-six-year-old Cindy Gladue, a Cree woman, bled to death in a hotel bathtub in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. On the night she died, Gladue had contracted for sexual exchange with Bradley Barton, a white man who worked as a trucker. In 2015, Barton was tried for the murder of Cindy Gladue. With more than 1,200 missing and murdered Indigenous women, there is compelling reason to focus on the violence Barton inflicted on Gladue, understanding it as a part of a history of the sexual brutalization and attempted annihilation of Indigenous women. To show that Gladue's death and the trial of Barton for her murder are part of a history of colonial terror, it is necessary to unpack the framework utilized by the court, a framework that revolved around the ideas of consent and contract. I propose that we utilize a framework of disposability instead, focusing on the Indigenous woman's expendibility in settler colonialism. Sexualized violence is key to disposability, and flesh is the site at which racial and sexual power are both inscribed. I emphasize the excessive violence that is meted out to Indigenous women as evidence of colonial power imprinted on their bodies.
PDIA6 regulation of ADAM17 shedding activity and EGFR-mediated migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells
Authors: Kim Tae-Wan , Ryu Hyang-Hwa , Li Song-Yuan , Li Chun-Hao , Lim Sa-Hoe , Jang Woo-Youl , Jung Shin
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE

In patients with glioblastoma, local invasion of tumor cells causes recurrence and shortens survival. The goal of this study was to determine whether protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) A6 regulates migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells and the associated factors.

METHODS

U87MG cells were treated with either PDIA6 or ADAM17 small interfering RNA (siRNA) fragments or with both types of siRNA fragments, and expression was confirmed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Migration and invasion were assessed using a wound-healing assay, a Matrigel assay, and an organotypic culture system. After the U87MG cells were treated with siRNAs and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase–2 (MMP-2), membrane Type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), integrin, phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (pFAK), and phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR) was detected by Western blotting and zymography.

RESULTS

U87MG cell migration and invasion increased significantly after inhibition of PDIA6. The MMP-2 activation ratio and ADAM17 activity (as a sheddase of the proligand) increased, and expression of pEGFR, pFAK, integrin α5β3, and MT1-MMP was induced, compared with control levels. Furthermore, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGFR signaling ligand) was highly expressed in PDIA6-knockdown cells. After siPDIA6-transfected U87MG cells were treated with EGFR signaling inhibitors, expression of pFAK, MMP-2, and MT1-MMP decreased and invasion decreased significantly. Simultaneous double-knockdown of PDIA6 and ADAM17 reduced pEGFR and pFAK expression, compared with control levels.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors propose that inhibiting PDIA6 could transduce EGFR signaling by activating and inducing ADAM17 during migration and invasion of U87MG glioblastoma cells. The results of this study suggest that PDIA6 is an important component of EGFR-mediated migration and invasion of U87MG cells. This is the first report of the effects of PDIA6 on migration and invasion in glioblastoma.
Health disparities and impact on outcomes in children with primary central nervous system solid tumors
Authors: Austin Mary T. , Hamilton Emma , Zebda Denna , Nguyen Hoang , Eberth Jan M. , Chang Yuchia , Elting Linda S. , Sandberg David I.
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE

Health disparities in access to care, early detection, and survival exist among adult patients with cancer. However, there have been few reports assessing how health disparities impact pediatric patients with malignancies. The objective in this study was to examine the impact of racial/ethnic and social factors on disease presentation and outcome for children with primary CNS solid tumors.

METHODS

The authors examined all children (age ≤ 18 years) in whom CNS solid tumors were diagnosed and who were enrolled in the Texas Cancer Registry between 1995 and 2009 (n = 2421). Geocoded information was used to calculate the driving distance between a patient's home and the nearest pediatric cancer treatment center. Socioeconomic status (SES) was determined using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality formula and 2007–2011 US Census block group data. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with advanced-stage disease. Survival probability and hazard ratios were calculated using life table methods and Cox regression.

RESULTS

Children with advanced-stage CNS solid tumors were more likely to be < 1 year old, Hispanic, and in the lowest SES quartile (all p < 0.05). The adjusted odds ratios of presenting with advanced-stage disease were higher in children < 1 year old compared with children > 10 years old (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.06–2.75), and in Hispanic patients compared with non-Hispanic white patients (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.19–2.04). Distance to treatment and SES did not impact disease stage at presentation in the adjusted analysis. Furthermore, 1- and 5-year survival probability were worst in children 1–10 years old, Hispanic patients, non-Hispanic black patients, and those in the lowest SES quartile (p < 0.05). In the adjusted survival model, only advanced disease and malignant behavior were predictive of mortality.

CONCLUSIONS

Racial/ethnic disparities are associated with advanced-stage disease presentation for children with CNS solid tumors. Disease stage at presentation and tumor behavior are the most important predictors of survival.
Referencing  an Academic Obligation
Authors: Rahman Md Rezwanur
Published: August 2016

Abstract not availableDelta Med Col J. Jul 2016 4(2): 52-54
Reviewers in this issue Vol.4(2)
Authors: Editor The
Published: August 2016

Abstract not availableDelta Med Col J. Jul 2016 4(2): 101
Use of dietary fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed for the production of safe broiler lean meat
Authors: Toaha Shah Mohammad , Mollah Bazlur Rahman , Ahammad Muslah Uddin
Published: August 2016

An experiment was conducted for a period of 28 days to determine the dietary effect of fenugreek seeds (FGS) on the productive and economic performances of broilers. A total of 400 day-old Hubbard Classic straight run broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 5 isonitrogenous and iso-caloric dietary treatment groups, each having 80 chicks in 4 replications of 20 numbers, in a completely randomized design (CRD). Broilers were fed ad libitum on either basal diet with (positive control) or without (negative control) 0.1% antibiotic (used as antibiotic growth promoter; AGP) or basal diet containing 1.0%, 2.0% or 3.0% FGS. There were no differences in live weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the treatment groups for broilers up to 14 days of age (P>0.05). Broilers fed on the diet containing FGS exhibited significantly better productive performances than those fed on AGP (P<0.01). However, the highest productive performances were recorded for the 2.0% FGSfed broilers in all treatment groups, followed by broilers received 1.0% and 3% FGS (P<0.01). Inclusion of dietary FGS at 2% level resulted in higher dressed carcass, breast, thigh and drumstick meat weight compared to any other level of the FGS inclusion in broiler diet (P<0.01). Unlike the AGP, addition of 2% FGS to the diet significantly reduced abdominal fat (P<0.01). With regard to economic performance, broilers fed on diet containing 2% FGS fetched highest profit in the dietary treatment groups. Inclusion of FGS in broiler diet resulted in lower feed cost and higher profit compared to the inclusion of AGP in the diet. It may be concluded that supplementation of FGS in diets may be useful for efficient and economic production of broiler. The inclusion of FGS at 2% level in broiler diet may be profitable in the production of lean meat of broilers.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(2): 305-314, August 2016