bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Freshwater macrophytes harbor viruses representing all five major phyla of the RNA viral kingdom Orthornavirae
Authors: Rosario Karyna , Van Bogaert Noémi , López-Figueroa Natalia B. , Paliogiannis Haris , Kerr Mason , Breitbart Mya
Published: August 2022

Research on aquatic plant viruses is lagging behind that of their terrestrial counterparts. To address this knowledge gap, here we identified viruses associated with freshwater macrophytes, a taxonomically diverse group of aquatic phototrophs that are visible with the naked eye. We surveyed pooled macrophyte samples collected at four spring sites in Florida, USA through next generation sequencing of RNA extracted from purified viral particles. Sequencing efforts resulted in the detection of 156 freshwater macrophyte associated (FMA) viral contigs, 37 of which approximate complete genomes or segments. FMA viral contigs represent putative members from all five major phyla of the RNA viral kingdom Orthornavirae. Similar to viral types found in land plants, viral sequences identified in macrophytes were dominated by positive-sense RNA viruses. Over half of the FMA viral contigs were most similar to viruses reported from diverse hosts in aquatic environments, including phototrophs, invertebrates, and fungi. The detection of FMA viruses from orders dominated by plant viruses, namely Patatavirales and Tymovirales, indicate that members of these orders may thrive in aquatic hosts. PCR assays confirmed the presence of putative FMA plant viruses in asymptomatic vascular plants, indicating that viruses with persistent lifestyles are widespread in macrophytes. The detection of potato virus Y and oat blue dwarf virus in submerged macrophytes suggests that terrestrial plant viruses infect underwater plants and highlights a potential terrestrial-freshwater plant virus continuum. Defining the virome of unexplored macrophytes will improve our understanding of virus evolution in terrestrial and aquatic primary producers and reveal the potential ecological impacts of viral infection in macrophytes.
The effects of brodifacoum cereal bait pellets on early life stages of the rice coral Montipora capitata
Authors: Barkman Alexandria L. , Richmond Robert H.
Published: August 2022

Midway Atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands is home to ground nesting birds that are threatened by invasive mice. Planned rodent eradication efforts for the island involve aerial application of cereal bait pellets containing the chemical rodenticide brodifacoum. Given the nature of the application method, drift of cereal bait pellets into the coastal waters surrounding Midway Atoll is unavoidable. To understand whether cereal bait pellets impact marine invertebrates, gametes and larvae of the reef-building coral Montipora capitata were exposed to brodifacoum, cereal bait pellets containing brodifacoum, and inert cereal bait pellets without the rodenticide. Fertilization success and larval survival were assessed at nominal brodifacoum concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 ppb. Fertilization success decreased by 15% after exposure to 100 ppb brodifacoum solutions. Larval survival was not reduced by exposure to brodifacoum solutions. Cereal bait pellets containing brodifacoum reduced fertilization success at 10 ppb brodifacoum in 0.4 g per L pellet solutions by 34.84%, and inhibited fertilization at 100 ppb brodifacoum in 4 g of pellet per L solution. Inert cereal bait pellets had similar effects, reducing fertilization success at 0.4 g of pellet per L by 40.50%, and inhibiting fertilization at 4 g per L pellet solutions. Larval survival was reduced by >43% after prolonged exposure to 4 g per L pellet solutions. The highest concentration used in this study was meant to represent an extreme and unlikely condition resulting from an accidental spill. Our findings indicate large amounts of cereal bait pellets entering the coastal environment of Midway Atoll, if occurring during a coral spawning event, would reduce coral reproduction by decreasing fertilization success. It is difficult to know the ecologically relevant concentrations of cereal bait pellets in coastal environments due to unavoidable bait drift after land applications, but results indicate small amounts of pellet drifting into coastal environments would not severely reduce coral reproductive capacity. Best management practices should consider known coral reproductive periods when scheduling applications of pellets on tropical islands to reduce the risk of negative impacts of large-scale accidents on corals.
The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. By Peter Jackson
Authors: May Timothy
Published: August 2022

The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. By Peter Jackson. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017. Pp. xxi + 614. $40.
Brides of the Buddha: Nuns’ Stories from the Avadānaśataka. By Karen Muldoon-Hules
Authors: Langenberg Amy Paris
Published: August 2022

Brides of the Buddha: Nuns’ Stories from the Avadānaśataka. By Karen Muldoon-Hules. New

York: Lexington Books, 2017. Pp. xii + 227. $100.
Patterns of Sin in the Hebrew Bible: Metaphor, Culture, and the Making of a Religious Concept. By Joseph Lam
Authors: Van der Toorn Karel
Published: August 2022

Patterns of Sin in the Hebrew Bible: Metaphor, Culture, and the Making of a Religious Concept. By Joseph Lam. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016. Pp. xix + 308. $74.
Roaming into the Beyond: Representations of Xian Immortality in Early Medieval Chinese Verse. By Zornica Kirkova
Authors: Chan Thomas Wai Keung
Published: August 2022

Roaming into the Beyond: Representations of Xian Immortality in Early Medieval Chinese Verse. By Zornica Kirkova. Sinica Leidensia, vol. 129. Leiden: Brill, 2016. Pp. x + 420. €150, $125.
Wandering Arameans: Arameans outside Syria: Textual and Archaeological Perspectives. Edited by Angelika Berlejung, Aren M. Maeir, and Andreas Schüle
Authors: Merlo Paolo
Published: August 2022

Wandering Arameans: Arameans outside Syria: Textual and Archaeological Perspectives. Edited by Angelika Berlejung, Aren M. Maeir, and Andreas Schüle. Leipziger Altorientalistische Studien, vol. 5. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2017. Pp. x + 298, illus. €58 (paper).
Cross Veneration in the Medieval Islamic World: Christian Identity and Practice under Muslim Rule. By Charles Tieszen
Authors: Lamoreaux John C.
Published: August 2022

Cross Veneration in the Medieval Islamic World: Christian Identity and Practice under Muslim Rule. By Charles Tieszen. The Early and Medieval Islam World, vol. 1. London: I.B. Tauris, 2017. Pp. x + 229. $95.
Forming the Early Chinese Court: Rituals, Spaces, Roles. By Luke Habberstad
Authors: Pines Yuri
Published: August 2022

Forming the Early Chinese Court: Rituals, Spaces, Roles. By Luke Habberstad. Seattle: University

of Washington Press, 2016. Pp. xii + 240. $90 (cloth); $30 (paper).
Mouse vs. Cat in Chinese Literature: Tales and Commentary. Translated and introduced by Wilt l. Idema
Authors: Moyer Jessica
Published: August 2022

Mouse vs. Cat in Chinese Literature: Tales and Commentary. Translated and introduced by Wilt l. Idema. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2019. Pp. xvii + 254. $30.
Von Meroe bis Indien: Fremdvölkerlisten und nubische Gabenträger in den griechisch-römischen Tempeln. By Holger Kockelmann and Alexa Rickert
Authors: Theis Christoffer
Published: August 2022

Von Meroe bis Indien: Fremdvölkerlisten und nubische Gabenträger in den griechisch-römischen Tempeln. By Holger Kockelmann and Alexa Rickert. Studien zur spätägyptischen Religion, vol. 12. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2015. Pp. x + 357, 6 pls. €128.
Isriye-Seriana (Iṯriyā): Heiligtum, Siedlung und Militärstation in Zentralsyrien von der frühen Kaiserzeit bis in die mamlukische Epoche. By Rüdiger Gogräfe.
Authors: Dąbrowa Edward
Published: August 2022

Isriye-Seriana (Iṯriyā): Heiligtum, Siedlung und Militärstation in Zentralsyrien von der frühen Kaiserzeit bis in die mamlukische Epoche. By Rüdiger Gogräfe. Damaszener Forschungen, vol. 17. Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 2017. Pp. xiv + 371, 49 pls., map in pocket. €92 .50.
Just a Song: Chinese Lyrics from the Eleventh and Early Twelfth Centuries. By Stephen Owen
Authors: Sargent Stuart
Published: August 2022

Just a Song: Chinese Lyrics from the Eleventh and Early Twelfth Centuries. By Stephen Owen. Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series, vol. 114. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2019. Pp. 420. $49.95.
Inscriptions of Chin and the San-Chin, Chung-Shan, and Yen 晉與三晉金文及相關史事彙考. By Noel Barnard
Authors: Cook Constance A.
Published: August 2022

Inscriptions of Chin and the San-Chin, Chung-Shan, and Yen 晉與三晉金文及相關史事彙考. By Noel Barnard. 3 vols. Taipei: SMC Publishing inc., 2018. Pp. cxlvi + 867 (vol. 1), xviii + 997 (vol. 2), xiv + 1092 (vol. 3). NT 15,000.
Un principe nel deserto: Leone Caetani nel Sinai e nel Sahara. I diari, le lettere, le fotografie (1888– 1890). By Valentina Sagaria Rossi
Authors: Hamilton Alastair
Published: August 2022

Un principe nel deserto: Leone Caetani nel Sinai e nel Sahara. I diari, le lettere, le fotografie (1888– 1890). By Valentina Sagaria Rossi. Accademia nazionale dei Lincei, Fondazione Leone Caeta- ni, vol. 28. Rome: Bardi ediZioni, 2018. Pp. 561, illus. €68.
Heavy Metals and Health Risk Burden, How Safe is the Consumer Population?: A Study on the Heavy Metal Content of Soybeans Cultivated in Katsina State, North West Nigeria
Authors: Yaradua A. I. , Bungudu J. I. , Shuaibu L. , Alhassan A. J. , Nasir A. , Bello U. , Usman A. , Suleiman Z. A. , Abdullahi A. , Muhammad M. M. , Yaradua A. I. , Yaradua I. A.
Published: August 2022

The level of heavy metals in soybeans samples were evaluated to ascertain their likely health risks to the Katsina State populace. Atomic absorption spectrometry method was employed for the evaluation, while the three senatorial zones of the state were used for sampling. Using methods adapted from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), the health risks to the population from the heavy metals in the samples were determined.  The results have revealed the mean concentration (mg/kg) in decreasing order of concentrations to be for Zn (range: 1.204-1.432), Pb (range: 0.658-0.998), Fe (range: 0.563-0.687), Cr (range: 0.128-0.151) and Cd (range: 0.041-0.046), with the concentrations of Mn and Ni below the level of detection. The computed non-carcinogenic health risks from consumption of the samples were below 1 (THQ and HI>1). The cancer risk to the population lies beyond the threshold limit with the heavy metal Pb being the major contributor to the violation. It may be presumed that the Soybean samples in the study may add to the cancer manifestations in the population.
Non-carcinogenic and Carcinogenic Health Risk Evaluation from Fish Contaminated with Heavy Metals
Authors: Yaradua A. I. , Shuaibu L. , Bungudu J. I. , Nasir A. , Usman A. , Abdullahi A. , Muhammad M. M. , Sani A. S. , Yaradua I. A. , Matazu H. K.
Published: August 2022

The pollution of water bodies with heavy metals can result into the possible contamination of freshwater fish. The levels of the heavy metals Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cd were investigated in fish samples (Ameiurus nebulosus, Pylidictis olivaris, Tilapia zilli, Clarias gariepinus) collected from Kwanar-Are dam located at Rimi local government area Katsina State, Nigeria and the health risks of the evaluated heavy metals were estimated.  The mean concentration ranges of Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn and Cd were (0.0851-0.4919, 0.3095-0.5039, 0.0366-0.0589, 0.1066-0.3015, 0.1048-0.1417, 0.0128-0.0686 mg/kg) respectively. The risk assessment for non-carcinogenic exposure effect showed that there was no health risk associated with these elements through consumption of the fish samples to the consumer population. However the risk assessment for carcinogenic exposure effect has revealed that the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and the cumulative lifetime cancer risks (∑ILCR) were all above the safe limit for cancer in the children and the adults population for all the fish samples evaluated. The heavy metal Ni presented the greatest cancer risk and the fish sample Clarias gariepinus having the highest cancer risk. There is a degree of concern for consumption of the fish samples for their potentials to contribute to the population cancer risk load.
A Note on α-stable and α-inverse Gaussian Laws
Authors: Satheesh S.
Published: August 2022

In this article we obtain the first passage time distribution of α-stable Levy processes. We derive the moment estimators of the parameters of α-inverse Gaussian laws and also their asymptotic distribution.
Effect of Chromium Species and Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms on Growth Parameters of Amaranthus gangeticus
Authors: Niharika K. , Sheeba S.
Published: August 2022

In agricultural regions close to industrial areas, especially at the vicinity of tannery industry, chromium contamination poses a serious environmental risk. A pot experiment was carried out in the current study to assess the impact of hexavalent and trivalent chromium under the influence of microorganisms on Amaranthus gangeticus growth characteristics. Nine different concentrations of chromium (Cr) were used which consists of 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg Cr+6 as K2Cr2O7 and 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg Cr+3 as KCr(SO4)2, in conjunction with four different levels of microorganisms, consisting of control, Azospirillum, Phosphate solublizing Bacteria (PSB), and Potassium Releasing Bacteria (KRB). The study revealed that when Cr concentrations increased, steady decline was observed in shoot, root length, leaf length, leaf breadth, number of leaves, and fresh weight. But when supplemented with KRB, the treatments had an ameliorative impact on chromium and, in comparison, enhanced the growth characteristics.
Effect of Organic, Inorganic and Biofertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonaloba L.)
Authors: Erraiah Palguna , Deepanshu . , Bahadur Vijay
Published: August 2022

Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonaloba L. Taub) popularly known as "Guar" is an important legume crop mainly grown under rainſed conditions in arid and semi-regions of Rajasthan during kharif season. The main objective is to optimize the concentration of NPK, FYM, Vermicompost, PSB, Rhizobium, which can be applied in the treatment of the soil, to maximize the crop yield and find out the most treatment combination of plant growth, yield and quality. This study was conducted in the horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) from July 2021- October 2021 to investigate the impact of organic, inorganic, and biofertilizers on the growth, yield, and quality of cluster beans (Cyamopsis tetragonaloba L.). The experiment was laid out in RBD with nine Treatmentsconducted in the horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) During from July 2021- October 2021. The experiment was laid out in RBD with nine treatments with three replications. The results revealed that T8 (N20P50K50 Vermicompost 5 t ha-1 + PSB 5 kg ha-1 + Rhizobium 5 kg ha-1) – performed the best in terms of Plant Height (140.22), Number of Branches (21.39), Length of Pods (25.00), Width of Pods (3.70), Weight of Pods (4.10), Number of cluster per plant (21.60), Number of Pods per plant (89.17), Number of seeds per pod (11.80), Number of Pod yields per plant (196.87), Number of pod yield per plot (68.03), TSS (12) B:C Ratio (2.5:1). Therefore, the treatment T8 (N20P50K50 Vermicompost 5 t ha-1 + PSB 5 kg ha-1 + Rhizobium 5 kg ha-1) is the best when compared to other treatments. As, the highest benefit cost ratio was observed in T8 (N20P50K50 Vermicompost 5 t ha-1 + PSB 5 kg ha-1 + Rhizobium 5 kg ha-1). i.e., (2.5:1) which states that is economically profitable compared to all other treatments.
Studies on Evaluation of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) Genotypes for High Tuber Yield and Quality
Authors: Pavithra P. , Thangamani C. , Pugalendhi L. , Swarnapriya R. , Meenakshi P.
Published: August 2022

The present investigation was undertaken at the College Orchard, Department of Vegetable Science, Horticultural College & Research Institute, TNAU, Coimbatore during the year 2021-2022 in a randomized block design with four replications. Six sweet potato accessions viz., Sree Arun, Sree Kanaka, Bhu Krishna, CO 5, Ib 73 and Ib 74 were evaluated to study the growth, yield and quality parameters. All the accessions used in this study were morphologically different in leaf lobing, vine pigmentation, tuber skin and flesh colour. Statistical analysis also confirmed that each accession showed a significant difference among them for growth, yield and quality parameters. The results revealed that, maximum number of tubers per vine of 5.25 was observed in Ib 73, however the accession Ib 74 recorded the highest single tuber weight (205.65 g), tuber yield per plant (1.10 kg), tuber yield per plot (32.62 kg) and tuber yield per ha (22.72 t ha-1) followed by Ib 73 with tuber yield per plant (1.09 kg), tuber yield per plot (32.19 kg) and tuber yield per ha (22.35 t ha-1). The quality parameters viz., Dry matter (%), TSS, Total sugar and Total protein contents mainly decide the quality and nutritive value of sweet potato. There is a significant variation in the quality parameters i.e, TSS, Dry matter, Total sugar and Total protein contents. Higher values were recorded for dry matter content in Ib 73 (33.50 %). The highest total sugar content and protein content were observed in Ib 74 with 37.2 g/100g and 2.4 g/100g. Overall Ib 74 recorded the highest values for single tuber weight, tuber yield per plant, tuber yield per plot and tuber yield per ha.
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions
Authors: Raj P. R. Rahul , Deepanshu . , Prasad Vipin M.
Published: August 2022

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) under Prayagraj agroclimatic conditions at Horticultural Research Field, Department of Horticulture, Naini agricultural institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) during 2021 kharif season. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with ten treatments replicated thrice with organic manures (FYM, vermicompost, poultry manure) and Inorganic fertilizers (NPK). The results of the experiment revealed that the treatment T8 (50% RDN through chemical fertilizers + 50% through vermicompost) was found to be best treatment combination in terms of vine length (312.44 cm), days to first female flower appearance (40 ), node to which first female flower appearance (19), days taken to first harvest (56), average fruit weight (107.35 g), average fruit length (15.72 cm), number of fruits per plant (20), average fruit yield per plant (2.16 kg), average fruit yield per hectare (17.96 t/ha), TSS (4.33ºBrix). Significantly the highest gross return (Rs. 305320/ha), net returns (Rs. 207903/ha) and B: C ratio (3.1) were also recorded under the treatment T8(50% RDN through chemical fertilizers + 50% through vermicompost) while average fruit diameter (7.84 cm) was observed in the treatment T2 (100:50:50 NPK +10 tonnes vermicompost).
Best Row Ratio Combinations of Agronomic Crops in the Intercropping System: An Overview
Authors: Chaudhary Manthan , Kumar Rajan , Yadav Abhinav , Maurya Shravan Kumar , Sahu Sandeep , Tiwari Ankit
Published: August 2022

The quality of soil and water, as well as the preservation of biodiversity, are negatively impacted by intensive agricultural systems. High biodiversity regulates how intercropping evolves. Contrastingly, monocultures are used in intensive agriculture systems, along with substantial inputs of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. One strategy for boosting diversity in an agricultural ecosystem is intercropping. Intercropping systems improve environmental harmony, increased resource use efficiency, enhance the quantity and quality of goods, and less damage from pests, diseases, and weeds. Leguminosae family plants are preferable for intercropping even though they fix more biological nitrogen, thus enriching soil fertility. Intercropping is significant in many subsistence or low-input/resource-limited agricultural systems, which are on the periphery of modern intensive agriculture. Thus, opting for suitable combinations of crops with an optimum row ratio will be more profitable, ecologically sound, and economically viable.
Some Aspects of Blockchain-Enabled Radio Access Networks (B-RAN) Modeling: Review and Theoretical Study
Authors: Kontorovich V.
Published: August 2022

The impressive growth of the demand for wireless services for 5G and beyond, particularly encouraged by the Internet of Things, Internet of Everything, etc., raised up the importance of the problems related to the drastic increase (among others) of spectrum efficiency of the systems. In this regard two opportunistic trends were recently discussed by practical professionals and academicians: non-orthogonal spectrum sharing (NOMA transmission) for user equipment (UE) at physical layer level and decentralized Blockchain-enabled Radio Access (B-RAN) paradigm at network layer label. Both of them promise a significant growth on the transmission rate and the spectrum efficiency with low latency, etc. not only for 5G networks, but further, towards 6G networks and so on.

Moreover, it is a fact that the number of published works for B-RAN (some of them considered hereafter) is very impressive, however, the attention to its modeling aspects is rather limited.

The presented material is dedicated to present an approach for the practical small-scale modeling for the case of high-dimensional B-RAN based on continuous-time Markov processes with discrete set of states (N>>1) and self-similar processes for its traffic modeling.
Type of School and the Level of Students’ Academic Achievement in Marakwet East Sub County
Authors: K. Kisigot Charles
Published: August 2022

The major purpose of this study was to assess the effect of type of school on the level of students’ academic achievement in Marakwet East Sub County.

Academic achievements in secondary schools have remained low with major disaprities between the boys and girls schools in Marakwet East Sub-County.  

The study utilized the Causal comparative approach. The study was undertaken in Public Secondary Schools in Marakwet East, Elgeyo County Kenya between January 2021 to February 2021.

Purposive, stratified and simple random sampling was used to sample 3 boys’ school, 3 girls school and 4 mixed schools. Findings showed the one-way between groups analysis of variance was F (2, 7) = 10.936, p.05. As a result, the null hypothesis which was stated as that there is no link between school type and academic achievement was rejected.In conclusion,the present study rejected the null hypothesis and concludes that the relationship is statistically significant. The sample data support the notion that the relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable exists in the population of secondary schools in Marakwet East. Thus the hypothesis (Ho1) was rejected. There was a link between academic achievement and the type of school. Boys' and girls' schools, in particular, performed better than mixed schools.
Studying Some Physical Properties of an Advanced Composite Material Using of ANSYS Program
Authors: Burjes Ammar Yaseen
Published: August 2022

Composite materials are known for their excellent combination structural rigidity and light weight. The main advantage of these materials of varying properties is their ability to be customized for specific application by optimizing design parameters such as the stacking sequence and orientation of the angles of the fiber layers. This paper presents the effect of the fiber orientation angle on the stress and deformation of the composite material prepared from Epoxy E-Glass under the influence of tensile load (300N) from one end and fixed from the other end. In the current work, using the ACP and Static Structural in Ansys, we designed a composite material consisting of three layers of the aforementioned matter, and we studied the effect of fiber orientation on the deformation and stress of the all layers in two cases of symmetry and asymmetry angles and in the x and y axes.
Suppression of Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Sepsis by Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acid Loaded with Quercetin
Authors: Liu Zhiqiang , Chen Xingyu , Ma Wenjuan , Gao Yang , Yao Yangxue , Li Jiajie , Zhang Tianxu , Qin Xin , Ge Yichen , Jiang Yueying , Lin Yunfeng
Published: August 2022

Sepsis has affected millions of people worldwide with high mortality rate and lack of effective strategies. Previous studies have reported that quercetin (Que) can attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐Induced sepsis. However, for poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and instability, the application of Que is limited. Hence, a nano‐system is constructed to deliver Que based on tetrahedral framework nucleic acid (tFNA), namely tFNA‐Que. For the anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, and delivery performance of tFNA, tFNA is designed as the effective carrier to deliver Que. The tFNA‐Que possesses the simple synthesis method, stable performance, good biocompatibility, favorable water solubility, excellent anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐oxidation property. As a result, tFNA‐Que can attenuate LPS‐Induced systemic inflammation and multiple organ injury of mice. In brief, the synthesis of tFNA‐Que provides a simple and effective synergistic delivery nano‐system, which may be a promising candidate for sepsis.
Monodispersed FeS2 Electrocatalyst Anchored to Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Host for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Sun Weiwei , Liu Shuangke , Li Yujie , Wang Danqin , Guo Qingpeng , Hong Xiaobin , Xie Kai , Ma Zhongyun , Zheng Chunman , Xiong Shizhao
Published: August 2022

Despite their high theoretical energy density, lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are hindered by practical challenges including sluggish conversion kinetics and shuttle effect of polysulfides. Here, a nitrogen‐doped continuous porous carbon (CPC) host anchoring monodispersed sub‐10 nm FeS2 nanoclusters (CPC@FeS2) is reported as an efficient catalytic matrix for sulfur cathode. This host shows strong adsorption of polysulfides, promising the inhibition of polysulfide shuttle and the promoted initial stage of catalytic conversion process. Moreover, fast lithium ion (Li‐ion) diffusion and accelerated solid–solid conversion kinetics of Li2S2 to Li2S on CPC@FeS2 host guarantee boosted electrochemical kinetics for conversion process of sulfur species in Li–S cell, which gives a high utilization of sulfur under practical conditions of high loading and low electrolyte/sulfur (E/S) ratio. Therefore, the surfur cathode (S/CPC@FeS2) delivers a high specific capacity of 1459 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, a stable cycling over 900 cycles with ultralow fading rate of 0.043% per cycle, and an enhanced rate capability compared with cathode only using carbon host. Further demonstration of this cathode in Li–S pouch cell shows a practical energy density of 372 Wh kg−1 with a sulfur loading of 7.1 mg cm−2 and an E/S ratio of 4 µL mg−1.
A Multifunctional Artificial Interphase with Fluorine‐Doped Amorphous Carbon layer for Ultra‐Stable Zn Anode
Authors: Wang Han , Chen Yuejiao , Yu Huaming , Liu Wen , Kuang Guichao , Mei Lin , Wu Zhibin , Wei Weifeng , Ji Xiaobo , Qu Baihua , Chen Libao
Published: August 2022

Building an artificial interphase layer for tackling uncontrollable Zn dendrites and serious side reactions is a highly desirable strategy, but it is often hampered by the limited Zn2+ transport. Here, a stable fluorine‐doped amorphous carbon (CF) artificial layer is constructed on a Cu current collector (CF‐Cu) via facile carbonization treatment of a fluoropolymer coating to realize underlying Zn deposition. As evidenced experimentally and theoretically, this inorganic CF layer with ionic conductivity and electronic insulation successfully triggers dendrite‐free Zn deposition at the CF‐Cu interface with preferred Zn(002) crystal plane stacking parallel to the substrate surface, thus greatly promoting the inhibition of Zn‐dendrites and blocking of interfacial side reactions. The introduced fluorine atoms as abundant zincophilic sites play an important role in driving fast zinc‐ion transfer kinetics, which can partly convert into ZnF2 as an artificial solid Zn2+ conductor to further guide uniform Zn deposition. Consequently, the CF‐Cu electrode enables high reversibility with 99% coulombic efficiency and a long cycling stability of 1900 cycles at 2 mA cm–2. The integrated CF‐Cu@Zn anode achieves up to 2200 h cycles with a low voltage polarization. This study provides inspiration for the design of artificial interphase layers for stable nondendritic metal batteries.
Beyond the 2D Field‐Effect Charge Transport Paradigm in Molecular Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Benvenuti Emilia , Portale Giuseppe , Brucale Marco , Quiroga Santiago D. , Baldoni Matteo , MacKenzie Roderick C. I. , Mercuri Francesco , Canola Sofia , Negri Fabrizia , Lago Nicolò , Buonomo Marco , Pollesel Andrea , Cester Andrea , Zambianchi Massimo , Melucci Manuela , Muccini Michele , Toffanin Stefano
Published: August 2022

Organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) are considered almost purely interfacial devices with charge current mainly confined in the first two semiconducting layers in contact with the dielectric with no active role of the film thickness exceeding six to eight monolayers (MLs). By a combined electronic, morphological, structural, and theoretical investigation, it is demonstrated that the charge mobility and source–drain current in 2,20‐(2,20‐bithiophene‐5,50‐diyl)bis(5‐butyl‐5H‐thieno[2,3‐c]pyrrole‐4,6)‐dione (NT4N) organic transistors directly correlate with the out‐of‐plane domain size and crystallite orientation in the vertical direction, well beyond the dielectric interfacial layers. Polycrystalline films with thickness as high as 75 nm (≈30 MLs) and 3D molecular architecture provide the best electrical and optoelectronic OFET characteristics, highlighting that the molecular orientational order in the bulk of the film is the key‐enabling factor for optimum device performance. X‐ray scattering analysis and multiscale simulations reveal the functional correlation between the thickness‐dependent molecular packing, electron mobility, and vertical charge distribution. These results call for a broader view of the fundamental mechanisms that govern field‐effect charge transport in OFETs beyond the interfacial 2D paradigm and demonstrate the unexpected role of the out‐of‐plane domain size and crystallite orientation in polycrystalline films to achieve optimum electronic and optoelectronic properties in organic transistors.
Highly stable monolithic titanium silicalite‐1 catalyst for 1‐butene epoxidation
Authors: Zuo Yi , Zhang Bosong , Li Tonghui , Zhang Miao , Fan Jialin , Liu Min , Xu Junbo , Yang Chao , Yang Hong , Guo Xinwen
Published: August 2022

A monolithic titanium silicalite‐1 (TS‐1) catalyst was prepared by coating TS‐1 onto a specially designed stainless‐steel support. The catalyst was used in 1‐butene epoxidation, a strong exothermic reaction, to produce butene oxide in a fixed‐bed reactor. Compared with the traditional extruded TS‐1, the monolithic catalyst demonstrates excellent catalytic stability and reusability. To understand the reason for this performance, heat conduction behaviors of the monolithic and extruded catalysts were studied and compared. This was accomplished by firstly developing a kinetic model to determine reaction kinetic parameters, and then simulating the temperature distribution within the reactor. It revealed a much lower temperature‐rise over the monolithic catalyst than over the extruded catalyst. This study demonstrates that the stainless‐steel support of the monolithic catalyst is effective in dissipating high reaction heat of 1‐butene epoxidation, thus limits local temperature‐rise within the reactor. This inhibits the formation of channel‐blocking byproducts and improves the catalytic stability.
Clinical insights from Wolman disease: Evaluating infantile hepatosplenomegaly
Authors: Hannah William B. , Ryan Katherine , Pendyal Surekha , Burrow T. Andrew , Harley Susan E. , Cordell Miranda , McCall Chad M. , Mavis Alisha M. , Tan Queenie K.‐G. , Kishnani Priya S.
Published: August 2022

There is a broad differential diagnosis of infantile hepatosplenomegaly, with some etiologies being debilitating and treatable. A structured approach to history, examination, and laboratory and radiographic findings is important in diagnosis. Herein, we present a case of Wolman disease presenting as hepatosplenomegaly in an infant. This case details important learning points to help distinguish the diagnosis of Wolman disease from other conditions with overlapping clinical features, such as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). The advent of enzyme replacement therapy has dramatically changed the natural history of Wolman disease, and this child showed remarkable improvement with treatment. This child was later found to have extensive adenopathy with retroperitoneal lymph node biopsy demonstrating diffuse infiltration by lipid‐laden macrophages, fatty deposits, cholesterol crystals, and calcifications. Similar to the collection of characteristic cells in other lysosomal storage disorders, we postulate that this is characteristic of underlying Wolman disease. We conclude with a summary of learning points from this presentation on infantile hepatosplenomegaly, pertinent to the geneticist, pediatrician, and pediatric subspecialists.
Differential diagnosis of amnestic dementia patients based on an FDG‐PET signature of autopsy‐confirmed LATE‐NC
Authors: Grothe Michel J. , Moscoso Alexis , Silva‐Rodríguez Jesús , Lange Catharina , Nho Kwangsik , Saykin Andrew J. , Nelson Peter T. , Schöll Michael , Buchert Ralph , Teipel Stefan ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Limbic age‐related TDP‐43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE‐NC) is common in advanced age and can underlie a clinical presentation mimicking Alzheimer's disease (AD). We studied whether an autopsy‐derived fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) signature of LATE‐NC provides clinical utility for differential diagnosis of amnestic dementia patients.

Methods

Ante mortem FDG‐PET patterns from autopsy‐confirmed LATE‐NC (N = 7) and AD (N = 23) patients were used to stratify an independent cohort of clinically diagnosed AD dementia patients (N = 242) based on individual FDG‐PET profiles.

Results

Autopsy‐confirmed LATE‐NC and AD groups showed markedly distinct temporo‐limbic and temporo‐parietal FDG‐PET patterns, respectively. Clinically diagnosed AD dementia patients showing a LATE‐NC–like FDG‐PET pattern (N = 25, 10%) were significantly older, showed less abnormal AD biomarker levels, lower APOE ε4, and higher TMEM106B risk allele load. Clinically, they exhibited a more memory‐predominant profile and a generally slower disease course.

Discussion

An autopsy‐derived temporo‐limbic FDG‐PET signature identifies older amnestic patients whose clinical, genetic, and molecular biomarker features are consistent with underlying LATE‐NC.
Electrochemically Initiated Synthesis of Methanesulfonic Acid
Authors: Britschgi Joel , Kersten Wolfgang , Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Schüth Ferdi
Published: August 2022

The direct sulfonation of methane to methanesulfonic acid was achieved in an electrochemical reactor without adding peroxide initiators. The synthesis proceeds only from oleum and methane. This is possible due to in situ formation of an initiating species from the electrolyte at a boron‐doped diamond anode. Elevated pressure, moderate temperature and suitable current density are beneficial to reach high concentration at outstanding selectivity. The highest concentration of 3.7 M (approximately 62 % yield) at 97 % selectivity was reached with a stepped electric current program at 6.25–12.5 mA cm−2, 70 °C and 90 bar methane pressure in 22 hours. We present a novel, electrochemical method to produce methanesulfonic acid, propose a reaction mechanism and show general dependencies between parameters and yields for methanesulfonic acid.
Strong Anharmonicity‐Induced Low Thermal Conductivity and High n‐type Mobility in the Topological Insulator Bi1.1Sb0.9Te2S
Authors: Pathak Riddhimoy , Dutta Prabir , Srivastava Ashutosh , Rawat Divya , Gopal Radha Krishna , Singh Abhishek K. , Soni Ajay , Biswas Kanishka
Published: August 2022

Intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivity (κlat) while maintaining the high carrier mobility (μ) is of the utmost importance for thermoelectrics. Topological insulators (TI) can possess high μ due to the metallic surface states. TIs with heavy constituents and layered structure can give rise to high anharmonicity and are expected to show low κlat. Here, we demonstrate that Bi1.1Sb0.9Te2S (BSTS), which is a 3D bulk TI, exhibits ultra‐low κlat of 0.46 Wm−1 K−1 along with high μ of ≈401 cm2 V−1 s−1. Sound velocity measurements and theoretical calculations suggest that chemical bonding hierarchy and high anharmonicity play a crucial role behind such ultra‐low κlat. BSTS possesses low energy optical phonons which strongly couple with the heat carrying acoustic phonons leading to ultra‐low κlat. Further, Cl has been doped at the S site of BSTS which increases the electron concentration and reduces the κlat resulting in a promising n‐type thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) of ≈0.6 at 573 K.
Arene Ru (II)‐catalyzed facile synthesis of N‐acylhydrazones via acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling strategy
Authors: Sundar Saranya , Rengan Ramesh , Pennamuthiriyan Anandaraj , Sémeril David
Published: August 2022

A facile catalytic one‐pot synthesis of N‐acylhydrazones via acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of readily available alcohols and benzohydrazides (R2CONHNH2) using arene ruthenium (II) complexes has been described. The coupling of alcohols with various benzohydrazides using ruthenium catalysts provide a wide range of N‐acylhydrazones in good to excellent yields (63–93%; 32 examples). The present protocol offers high selectivity of hydrazones without any alkylated products and tolerates a range of functional groups. Control experiments indicate that the mechanism proceeds via acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohols, and hydrogen and water are the sole by‐products. The gram scale synthesis illustrates the usefulness of the present strategy.
Adaptive output‐feedback resilient tracking control using virtual closed‐loop reference model for cyber‐physical systems with false data injection attacks
Authors: Huang Xin , Han Xinyu
Published: August 2022

This work studies output‐feedback resilient tracking control problems in cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) with false data injection attacks via closed‐loop model‐reference adaptive control (MRAC) techniques. The control input signals in CPSs, directly and indirectly influenced by sensor and actuator false data injection attacks, could degrade the system's control performance seriously. Then a virtual closed‐loop reference model is used as a mediator between the open‐loop reference and actual systems to improve the ability to suppress attacks, and by the MRAC techniques, a novel adaptive output‐feedback resilient tracking control scheme is proposed to ensure the reliability of the attacked systems. Different from the existing results, (a) the new one is with an adaptive attack compensator in a time‐varying gain output‐feedback form, which can automatically eliminate the impact of matched attacks by online adjusting the gain; and (b) the
‐gain rejection property of mismatched attacks is achieved by the virtual closed‐loop reference. Finally, an illustrative example validates the developed method.
On the equivalence of one‐inflated zero‐truncated and zero‐truncated one‐inflated count data likelihoods
Authors: Böhning Dankmar
Published: August 2022

One‐inflation in zero‐truncated count data has recently found considerable attention. There are currently two views in the literature. In the first approach, the untruncated model is considered as one‐inflated whereas in the second approach the truncated model is viewed as one‐inflated. Here, we show that both models have identical model spaces as well as identical maximum likelihoods. Consequences of population size estimation are illuminated, and the findings are illustrated at hand of two case studies.
A review of stem cell therapy: An emerging treatment for dementia in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Pradhan Aishwarya Umesh , Uwishema Olivier , Onyeaka Helen , Adanur Irem , Dost Burhan
Published: August 2022

Aim

This article aims to study the benefits and disadvantages of stem cell therapy, especially for patients who have dementia.

Methods

The databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and the National Library of Medicine were searched for literature. All papers on Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia, Parkinson's disease, stem cell therapy, and its effect on dementia treatment were considered.

Results

Stem cell treatment has demonstrated promising outcomes in animal studies by positively modifying the degenerative alterations in dementia. However, it is not without drawbacks, such as ethical concerns while using embryonic stem cells and the danger of developing cancer if the cells undergo uncontrolled differentiation.

Conclusion

Although stem cell therapy has its risks, it has the potential to be a viable therapeutic option for patients with dementia if developed appropriately. Hence, more research and clinical trials are needed to establish its efficacy in this context.
Towards a circular economy: Implications for emission reduction and environmental sustainability
Authors: Hailemariam Abebe , Erdiaw‐Kwasie Michael Odei
Published: August 2022

Governments and policymakers worldwide have been setting targets to achieve an ambitious net‐zero emission target by 2050 to tackle the pressing issue of climate change. However, achieving the net‐zero emission target by 2050 depends on the factors determining the transition from traditional fossil fuel energy sources to renewables. In connection with this, policymakers have emphasised the need to transition from a linear to a circular economy. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of the progress towards a circular economy in reducing CO2 emissions and promoting environmental sustainability. To do so, we use annual historical data for a panel of 29 European countries from 2000 to 2020. Using an identification strategy that adopts heteroscedastic‐based instrumental variables and addresses endogeneity issues, we find that progress towards a circular economy significantly improves environmental quality via reducing CO2 emissions. Our findings suggest that business strategies promoting recycling and circular economy practices play an important role in environmental sustainability by reducing emissions.
Identification of three small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) as potential prognostic markers in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Li Mei‐wei , Huang Feng‐xiang , Xie Zu‐cheng , Hong Hao‐yuan , Xu Qing‐yuan , Peng Zhi‐gang
Published: August 2022

Background

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a non‐Hodgkin lymphoma with high mortality rates. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are tumor‐specific biological markers, but there are few studies on the role of snoRNAs in DLBCL.

Materials and Methods

Survival‐related snoRNAs were selected to construct a specific snoRNA‐based signature via computational analyses (Cox regression and independent prognostic analyses) to predict the prognosis of DLBCL patients. To assist in clinical applications, a nomogram was built by combining the risk model and other independent prognostic factors. Pathway analysis, gene ontology analysis, transcription factor enrichment, protein–protein interactions, and single nucleotide variant analysis were used to explore the potential biological mechanisms of co‐expressed genes.

Results

Twelve prognosis‐correlated snoRNAs were selected from the DLBCL patient cohort of microarray profiles, and a three‐snoRNA signature consisting of SNORD1A, SNORA60, and SNORA66 was constructed. DLBCL patients could be divided into high‐risk and low‐risk cohorts using the risk model, and the high‐risk group and activated B cell‐like (ABC) type DLBCL were linked with disappointing survival. In addition, SNORD1A co‐expressed genes were inseparably linked to the biological functions of the ribosome and mitochondria. Potential transcriptional regulatory networks have also been identified. MYC and RPL10A were the most mutated SNORD1A co‐expressed genes in DLBCL.

Conclusion

Put together, our findings explored the potential biological effects of snoRNAs in DLBCL, and provided a new predictor for DLBCL prediction.
NMR Observation of Sulfhydryl Signals in SARS‐CoV‐2 Main Protease Aids Structural Studies
Authors: Robertson Angus J. , Ying Jinfa , Bax Ad
Published: August 2022

The 68‐kDa homodimeric 3C‐like protease of SARS‐CoV‐2, Mpro (3CLpro/Nsp5), is a key antiviral drug target. NMR spectroscopy of this large system proved challenging and resonance assignments have remained incomplete. Here we present the near‐complete (>97 %) backbone assignments of a C145A variant of Mpro (MproC145A) both with, and without, the N‐terminal auto‐cleavage substrate sequence, in its native homodimeric state. We also present SILLY (Selective Inversion of thioL and Ligand for NOESY), a simple yet effective pseudo‐3D NMR experiment that utilizes NOEs to identify interactions between Cys‐thiol or aliphatic protons, and their spatially proximate backbone amides in a perdeuterated protein background. High protection against hydrogen exchange is observed for 10 of the 11 thiol groups in MproC145A, even those that are partially accessible to solvent. A combination of SILLY methods and high‐resolution triple‐resonance NMR experiments reveals site‐specific interactions between Mpro, its substrate peptides, and other ligands, which present opportunities for competitive binding studies in future drug design efforts.
Real‐world experience with concomitant or staged transcatheter aortic and mitral valve replacements using balloon‐expandable valves
Authors: Zajarias Alan , Kodali Susheel , McCabe James M. , Eng Marvin H. , Babaliaros Vasilis
Published: August 2022

Objective

To describe outcomes of patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in a native valve or failed bioprosthetic valve or transcatheter heart valve (THV) and a transcatheter mitral valve replacement procedure (TMVR; valve‐in‐valve [mViV], valve‐in‐ring [mViR], and valve in mitral annulus calcification [ViMAC]) either concomitantly (same procedure) or staged (different procedures).

Background

Patient characteristics, procedural details, and outcomes of concomitant or staged TAVR and TMVR procedures are largely unknown.

Methods

Data were extracted from the STS/ACC TVT Registry™ for patients undergoing concomitant or staged TAVR and TMVR with SAPIEN XT, SAPIEN 3, or SAPIEN 3 Ultra (Edwards Lifesciences) THVs. Descriptive results were reported for procedural, index hospitalization, 30‐day, and 1‐year outcomes.

Results

A total of 257 patients underwent TAVR and TMVR in concomitant (n = 135) or staged (n = 122) procedures. Device success was 82.9% and 83.9% for concomitant TAVR and TMVR procedures and 83.8% and 82.5% for staged TAVR and TMVR procedures. Significant improvements in aortic and mitral valve function remained stable through 1 year. All‐cause mortality for concomitant and staged groups was 14.7% and 10.5% at 30 days, and 32.8% and 24.6% at 1 year, respectively. Stroke rate for concomitant and staged groups was 0.8% and 3.6% at 30 days and 3.9% and 5.6% at 1 year, respectively. Improvements from baseline to 1 year in NYHA class and KCCQ overall summary scores were observed for all patients.

Conclusions

Concomitant or staged transcatheter treatment of patients with aortic and mitral valve disease can be performed in select high‐risk patients in experienced centers.