bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asciminib monotherapy as frontline treatment of chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia: results from the ASCEND study
Authors: Yeung David T. , Shanmuganathan Naranie , Reynolds John , Branford Susan , Walia Mannu , Yong Agnes S. M. , Shortt Jake , Chee Lynette , Viiala Nicholas , Cunningham Ilona , Ross David M. , D’Souza Alwyn , Wright Matthew , Harrup Rosemary , Forsyth Cecily , Filshie Robin , Lane Steven , Browett Peter , Grove Carolyn , Grigg Andrew P. , Hughes Timothy P.
Published: August 2024

Asciminib is a myristoyl site BCR::ABL1 inhibitor approved for patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML) failing ≥2 prior lines of therapy. The Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group conducted the Asciminib Evaluation in Newly Diagnosed CML study to assess efficacy of asciminib for newly diagnosed CP-CML. Patients commenced asciminib 40 mg twice daily. Patients with treatment failure, defined as BCR::ABL1 of >10% at 3 or 6 months, or >1% at 12 or 18 months, received either imatinib, nilotinib, or dasatinib in addition to asciminib. In patients with suboptimal response, defined as levels of 1% to 10% at 6 months, >0.1% to 1% at 12 months, or >0.01% to 1% at 18 months, the asciminib dose was increased to 80 mg twice daily. With a median follow-up of 21 months (range, 0-36), 82 of 101 patients continue asciminib. Most common reasons for treatment discontinuation were adverse events (6%), loss of response (4%), and withdrawn consent (5%). There were no deaths; 1 patient developed lymphoid blast crisis. The coprimary end points were early molecular response (BCR::ABL1 of ≤10% at 3 months), achieved in 93% (96% confidence interval [CI], 86-97%), and major molecular response by 12 months achieved in 79%; (95% CI, 70-87%), respectively. Cumulative incidence of molecular response 4.5 was 53% by 24 months. One patient had 2 cerebrovascular events; no other arterial occlusive events were reported. Asciminib as frontline CP-CML therapy leads to high rates of molecular response with excellent tolerance and a low rate of discontinuation for toxicity. This trial was registered at https://www.anzctr.org.au/ as #ACTRN12620000851965.
crossnma: An R package to synthesize cross-design evidence and cross-format data using network meta-analysis and network meta-regression
Authors: Hamza Tasnim , Schwarzer Guido , Salanti Georgia
Published: August 2024

Background

Although aggregate data (AD) from randomised clinical trials (RCTs) are used in the majority of network meta-analyses (NMAs), other study designs (e.g., cohort studies and other non-randomised studies, NRS) can be informative about relative treatment effects. The individual participant data (IPD) of the study, when available, are preferred to AD for adjusting for important participant characteristics and to better handle heterogeneity and inconsistency in the network.

Results

We developed the R package crossnma to perform cross-format (IPD and AD) and cross-design (RCT and NRS) NMA and network meta-regression (NMR). The models are implemented as Bayesian three-level hierarchical models using Just Another Gibbs Sampler (JAGS) software within the R environment. The R package crossnma includes functions to automatically create the JAGS model, reformat the data (based on user input), assess convergence and summarize the results. We demonstrate the workflow within crossnma by using a network of six trials comparing four treatments.

Conclusions

The R package crossnma enables the user to perform NMA and NMR with different data types in a Bayesian framework and facilitates the inclusion of all types of evidence recognising differences in risk of bias.
Identification and validation of genes associated with prognosis of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer
Authors: Liu Dajiang , Li Ruiyun , Wang Yidan , Li Dan , Li Leilei
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To investigate the role of prognostic genes related to cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer during disease progression.

Method

The gene expression profile of the NCI-60 cell line was acquired through comprehensive analysis of the GEO database accession GSE116439. We performed a thorough analysis of gene expression differences in samples from seven individuals exposed to cisplatin concentrations of 0 nM compared to seven samples exposed to 15000 nM over a 24-h period. Key genes were initially identified through LASSO regression, followed by their enrichment through differential gene function analysis (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis (KEGG). Subsequently, a prognostic risk model was established for these key genes. The prognostic model's performance was assessed through K-M survival curves and ROC curves. To examine the variance in immune cell infiltration between the high and low-risk groups, CIBERSORTx analysis was employed. Finally, validation of prognostic gene expression in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer was carried out using clinical samples, employing RT-qPCR and Western Blot techniques.

Results

A total of 132 differential genes were found between cisplatin resistance and control group, and 8 key prognostic genes were selected by analysis, namely VPS13B, PLGRKT, CDKAL1, TBC1D22A, TAP1, PPP3CA, CUX1 and PPP1R15A. The efficacy of the risk assessment model derived from prognostic biomarkers, as indicated by favorable performance on both Kaplan–Meier survival curves and ROC curves. Significant variations in the abundance of Macrophages M1, T cells CD4 memory resting, T cells follicular helper, and T cells gamma delta were observed between the high and low-risk groups. To further validate our findings, RT-qPCR and Western Blot analyses were employed, confirming differential expression of the identified eight key genes between the two groups.

Conclusion

VPS13B, TBC1D22A, PPP3CA, CUX1 and PPP1R15A were identified as poor prognostic genes of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer, while PLGRKT, CDKAL1 and TAP1 were identified as good prognostic genes. This offers a novel perspective for future advancements in ovarian cancer treatment, suggesting potential avenues for the development of new therapeutic targets.
Microinterventional system for robot-assisted gonioscopic surgery– technical feasibility and preclinical evaluation in synthetic eye models
Authors: Kamthan Gautam , Meenink Thijs , Morgan Isabella C. , Harvey Andrew A. , Lince Jorge L. , Smit Jorrit , Beelen Maarten , Tsai James C. , de Smet Marc D. , Ianchulev Tsontcho
Published: August 2024

Background

Preclinical technical feasibility study of robot-assisted microinvasive glaucoma surgery using a novel ophthalmic robot-assisted surgery system.

Methods

Feasibility was assessed in synthetic eye models in two stages: Stage I, nonimplantable robot-assisted goniotomy; and Stage II, robot-assisted stent implantation using a trabecular bypass stent. Robot-assisted interventions were subsequently compared to the manual approach.

Results

Stage I: Two surgeons completed 10 trials each of ab-interno sectoral goniotomy with and without robotic assistance for at least 3 clock hours using a standard goniotomy knife and more than 10 clock hours of extended goniotomy using a flexible, guided goniotomy instrument. Stage II: Trabecular bypass stent deployment was successfully achieved in 100% of the attempts with and without robotic assistance. Surgical time was recorded and compared between the robotic-assisted and the manual approach.

Conclusions

A system for robot-assisted microinvasive glaucoma surgery can successfully achieve implantable and nonimplantable interventions in the anterior segment. This is the first known demonstration of the feasibility of robot-assisted glaucoma surgery.
Sleep quality and associated factors among people who inject drugs in Iran: a nationwide survey using respondent-driven sampling
Authors: Moradzadeh Rahmatollah , Sadeghniiat-Haghighi Khosro , Najafi Arezu , Sharifi Hamid , Abdolmohamadi Narges , Hadavandsiri Fatemeh , Akbarpour Samaneh
Published: August 2024

Background

Poor sleep quality is a significant issue among people who inject drugs (PWID). This study aimed to evaluate sleep quality and associated factors among PWID in Iran.

Methods

Using respondent-driven sampling, 2,652 PWID (2,563 male) were recruited in 11 major cities in Iran between 2019 and 2020. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was utilized to measure sleep quality, and logistic regression was used to assess associations in RDSAnalyst, a software designed for respondent-driven sampling.

Results

The overall prevalence of poor sleep quality was 68.4% (68.3% among males and 70.2% among females). Married PWID had higher odds of poor sleep quality (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.41; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.91). Lack of access to sufficient food in the past 12 months was also associated with poor sleep quality (AOR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.57 for sometimes having no access, and AOR: 2.95; 95% CI: 1.93, 4.52 for always having no access compared to always having access). Additionally, good self-rated health was significantly associated with lower odds of poor sleep quality (AOR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.31).

Conclusion

Poor sleep quality is prevalent among PWID in Iran. It is recommended to mitigate the adverse effects of this issue and enhance the overall quality of life for PWID. Supportive interventions aimed at preventing and treating poor sleep quality, as well as improving overall health outcomes, are essential.
Loneliness and social isolation are associated with an increased risk of glaucoma: a UK Biobank cohort study
Authors: Zhu Xinyu , Li Bo , Zhang Xinyu , Jiang Yujin , Huang Yikeng , Li Chenxin , Zheng Zhi , Zhang Yili , Zhu Bei , Zhao Shuzhi
Published: August 2024

Background

Loneliness and social isolation have been found to be associated with various health-related outcomes. Our study aimed to evaluate the association of loneliness and social isolation with the risk of glaucoma.

Methods

A total of 373,330 participants from the UK Biobank without glaucoma at recruitment were included in this study. Self-reported questionnaires were used to define loneliness and social isolation. Incident glaucoma events were identified by hospital inpatient admissions and self-reported data. COX proportional hazards models adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.

Results

During a median follow-up of 13.1 (interquartile range: 12.3–13.9) years, 6,489 participants developed glaucoma. After adjusting for confounding factors, loneliness (yes vs. no: adjusted HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.04–1.30; P = 0.009) and social isolation (yes vs. no: adjusted HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01–1.16; P = 0.033) were associated with an increased risk of glaucoma.

Conclusions

In this population-based prospective cohort study, loneliness and social isolation were associated with a higher risk of glaucoma.
Development and piloting of an online course to improve knowledge, confidence and attitudes towards triaging images of skin lesions submitted online in primary care
Authors: Ntessalen Maria , Krasniqi Albana , Murchie Peter
Published: August 2024

Background

Melanoma is the 5th commonest cancer in the UK and survivors require frequent and thorough skin checks. During the Achieving Self-directed Integrated Cancer Aftercare (ASICA) trial, melanoma survivors used an app to submit images of concerning lesions for assessment by a dermatology nurse. In the past, online courses have been used to train non-specialist primary care practitioners (PCPs) in this skill.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine whether an online course could increase knowledge, confidence, and attitudes towards skin image triage in PCPs in the Grampian area.

Methods

Preliminary discussions were held with PCPs to determine the need for an online course. The course was designed at the University of Aberdeen and included an introduction to the skin, case studies and quizzes on a variety of skin conditions based on melanoma survivors’ submissions via the ASICA app. Two pre- and post-course questionnaires were administered to all participants to (1) assess knowledge gained and (2) assess any improvements in confidence and attitudes towards triaging skin lesions that could be indicative of skin cancer. All PCPs in the Grampian area were invited to participate with almost 70 medical practices contacted. Results were analysed using a paired sample T-test.

Results

The course was advertised to all GP practices in the Grampian area and 38 PCPs completed all its stages. Undertaking the course improved all PCPs’ confidence and attitudes towards triaging (p < 0.001). It also improved knowledge in all non-GP PCPs (p = 0.01). Most participants found the course useful; thought it was at the right level of difficulty, right format and thought the design was good.

Conclusions

Our online course in triaging skin lesions submitted digitally to PCPs was able to improve knowledge, confidence, and attitudes towards triaging. The course was acceptable in its design and was deemed useful and applicable to practice. Further research should investigate the effect the course has on secondary care referral numbers.
Federal opioid agonist therapy policy: interrupted time series analysis of the impact of the methadone exemption removal across eight provinces in Canada
Authors: Sud Abhimanyu , Campbell Chloe , Sivakumar Arani , Upshur Ross , Moineddin Rahim , Chiu Kellia
Published: August 2024

Background

Federal deregulation of opioid agonist therapies are an attractive policy option to improve access to opioid use disorder care and achieve widespread beneficial impacts on growing opioid-related harms. There have been few evaluations of such policy interventions and understanding effects can help policy planning across jurisdictions.

Methods

Using health administrative data from eight of ten Canadian provinces, this study evaluated the impacts of Health Canada’s decision in May 2018 to rescind the requirement for Canadian health professionals to obtain an exemption from the Canadian Drugs and Substance Act to prescribe methadone for opioid use disorder. Over the study period of June 2017 to May 2019, we used descriptive statistics to capture overall trends in the number of agonist therapy prescribers across provinces and we used interrupted time series analysis to determine the effect of this decision on the trajectories of the agonist therapy prescribing workforces.

Results

There were important baseline differences in the numbers of agonist therapy prescribers. The province with the highest concentration of prescribers had 7.5 more prescribers per 100,000 residents compared to the province with the lowest. All provinces showed encouraging growth in the number of prescribers through the study period, though the fastest growing province grew 4.5 times more than the slowest. Interrupted time series analyses demonstrated a range of effects of the federal policy intervention on the provinces, from clearly positive changes to possibly negative effects.

Conclusions

Federal drug regulation policy change interacted in complex ways with provincial health professional regulation and healthcare delivery, kaleidoscoping the effects of federal policy intervention. For Canada and other health systems such as the US, federal policy must account for significant subnational variation in OUD epidemiology and drug regulation to maximize intended beneficial effects and mitigate the risks of negative effects.
Transformation of primary care settings implementing a co-located team-based care model: a scoping review
Authors: Frikha Yasmine , Freeman Andrew R. , Côté Nancy , Charette Claudèle , Desfossés Maxime
Published: August 2024

Background

In Canada, primary care reforms led to the implementation of various team-based care models to improve access and provide more comprehensive care for patients. Despite these advances, ongoing challenges remain. The aim of this scoping review is to explore current understanding of the functioning of these care models as well as the contexts in which they have emerged and their impact on the population, providers and healthcare costs.

Methods

The Medline and CINAHL databases were consulted. To be included, team-based care models had to be co-located, involve a family physician, specify the other professionals included, and provide information about their organization, their relevance and their impact within a primary care context. Models based on inter-professional intervention programs were excluded. The organization and coordination of services, the emerging contexts and the impact on the population, providers and healthcare costs were analysed.

Results

A total of 5952 studies were screened after removing duplicates; 15 articles were selected for final analysis. There was considerable variation in the information available as well as the terms used to describe the models. They are operationalized in various ways, generally consistent with the Patient’s Medical Home vision. Except for nurses, the inclusion of other types of professionals is variable and tends to be associated with the specific nature of the services offered. The models primarily focus on individuals with mental health conditions and chronic diseases. They appear to generally satisfy the expectations of the overarching framework of a high-performing team-based primary care model at patient and provider levels. However, economic factors are seldom integrated in their evaluations.

Conclusions

The studies rarely provide an overarching view that permits an understanding of the specific contexts, service organization, their impacts, and the broader context of implementation, making it difficult to establish universal guidelines for the operationalization of effective models. Negotiating the inherent complexity associated with implementing models requires a collaborative approach between various stakeholders, including patients, to tailor the models to the specific needs and characteristics of populations in given areas, and reflection about the professionals to be included in delivering these services.
Variants of human DECTIN-1 rs16910526 are linked to differential reactive oxygen species production and susceptibility to tuberculosis
Authors: Cufré Mónica , Pastorini Mercedes , Martín Ignacio , Failde Rodrigo , Palmero Domingo , Alemán Mercedes
Published: August 2024

Background

Dectin-1 is a transmembrane receptor that plays a pivotal role in recognising fungi and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). A specific variant, DECTIN-1 rs16910526, results in a truncated receptor that disrupts membrane expression and ligand binding and is clinically associated with recurrent cutaneous mycoses. Previous research has clarified the role of Dectin-1 in boosting immune defenses against mycobacteria by enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in neutrophils (PMNs). Here, we investigated the association between the rs16910526 variant and Dectin-1 expression in PMNs, as well as intracellular ROS production in response to Mtb. Furthermore, we explored the potential link between the rs16910526 gene variant and TB outcomes in Argentina.

Methods

DNA was extracted from blood samples obtained from a cohort of 178 TB patients and healthy subjects (HS) in Argentina. PCR amplification and sequencing were performed to identify the rs16910526 variant. Flow cytometry was utilised to assess Dectin-1 expression on the PMN plasma membrane and to measure intracellular ROS levels, as indicated by the oxidation of DHR123 in response to the Mtb antigen.

Results

PMNs carrying the rs16910526 variant exhibited diminished Dectin-1 expression and ROS production in response to Mtb (p < 0.0001). In a case‒control study, the rs16910526 variant had an allelic frequency of 0.112 in TB patients and 0.051 in HS. Notably, 10 out of 88 HS and 18 out of 62 TB patients harboured the variant (odds ratio [OR]: 2.55 [95% CI 1.1–5.9, p = 0.03]), indicating a potential association with TB disease. Furthermore, TB patients with the rs16910526 variant exhibited a delayed sputum smear conversion time (p < 0.004) and 100% positivity for acid-fast bacilli smears (p < 0.00001).

Conclusion

Our study identified a significant association between the SNP variant rs16910526 in the DECTIN-1 gene and Dectin-1 expression in the PMN, leading to altered ROS production. The higher frequency of this variant in TB patients compared to HS suggests a possible link with susceptibility to TB disease in Argentina.

Graphical Abstract
Research-related knowledge, understanding and practice in public mental health: the voices of social workers and occupational therapists
Authors: Migliorini Christine , Turville Megan , McDowell Caitlin , Bevilacqua JoAnne , Harvey Carol
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Previous studies have explored facilitators and barriers to research conducted by allied health professionals in general medical settings. Since the mental health system is acknowledged to be significantly under-funded and more poorly functioning than general medical services, it is unclear whether the published facilitators and barriers also apply to mental health settings. This study sought to explore the research-related knowledge, understanding and practices of allied mental health clinicians based in a large public mental health service.

Methods

A mixed methods study recruited 59 occupational therapists and social workers working in a dedicated metropolitan public mental health service in Melbourne, Australia. Quantitative survey results are reported elsewhere. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 survey responder volunteers. Thematic analysis was conducted on the qualitative survey and interview data.

Results

Four main themes were identified: research must connect with clinical practice; fragments of knowledge; research in practice; and research is not part of my professional identity. The third theme, research in practice, comprised four subthemes: no time for research in clinical roles, missing communication, lack of ownership, and what I need to do research.

Conclusions

This study found that research and research-related activities were not considered part of the mental health social workers and occupational therapists’ professional identities. Dealing with this issue may be instrumental to the realization of these clinicians’ professional peak-body associations’ code of practice and to government mandated practice standards. We provided several strategies to encourage both clinicians and services to view research-related activities as an everyday part of clinical roles. This is especially important if we think of allied health evidence-based practice requiring a reasonable level of research-related skills and/or competencies to appraise, practice, evaluate and adapt their evidence-based practice.
PFC/M1 activation and excitability: a longitudinal cohort study on fatigue symptoms in healthcare workers post-COVID-19
Authors: Han Tao , Dai Chunqiu , Liang Ying , Lin Xiaodong , Gao Ming , Liu Xinyu , Wu Xiangbo , Lu Yuheng , Xi Xiao , Tian Fei , Zhao Chenguang , Sun Xiaolong , Yuan Hua
Published: August 2024

Background

Fatigue is one of the most common neurological symptoms reported post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. In order to establish effective early intervention strategies, more emphasis should be placed on the correlation between fatigue and cortical neurophysiological changes, especially in healthcare workers, who are at a heightened risk of COVID-19 infection.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 29 COVID-19 medical workers and 24 healthy controls. The assessment included fatigue, sleep and health quality, psychological status, and physical capacity. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was employed to detect activation of brain regions. Bilateral primary motor cortex (M1) excitabilities were measured using single- and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation. Outcomes were assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months into the disease course.

Results

At 1-month post-COVID-19 infection, 37.9% of patients experienced severe fatigue symptoms, dropping to 10.3% at 3 months. Interestingly, the remarkable decreased activation/excitability of bilateral prefrontal lobe (PFC) and M1 were closely linked to fatigue symptoms after COVID-19. Notably, greater increase in M1 region excitability correlated with more significant fatigue improvement. Re-infected patients exhibited lower levels of brain activation and excitability compared to single-infection patients.

Conclusions

Both single infection and reinfection of COVID-19 lead to decreased activation and excitability of the PFC and M1. The degree of excitability improvement in the M1 region correlates with a greater recovery in fatigue. Based on these findings, targeted interventions to enhance and regulate the excitability of M1 may represent a novel strategy for COVID-19 early rehabilitation. Trial registration: The Ethics Review Committee of Xijing Hospital, No. KY20232051-F-1; www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2300068444.
Effects of caffeine intake on pupillary parameters in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hartmann Elias Vincent , Reichert Carolin Franziska , Spitschan Manuel
Published: August 2024

Caffeine is a widely used drug that broadly affects human cognition and brain function. Caffeine acts as an antagonist to the adenosine receptors in the brain. Previous anecdotal reports have also linked caffeine intake with changes in pupil diameter. By modifying the retinal irradiance, pupil diameter modulates all ocular light exposure relevant for visual (i.e., perception, detection and discrimination of visual stimuli) and non-visual (i.e., circadian) functions. To date, the extent of the influence of caffeine on pupillary outcomes, including pupil diameter, has not been examined in a systematic review. We implemented a systematic review laid out in a pre-registered protocol following PRISMA-P guidelines. We only included original research articles written in English reporting studies with human participants, in which caffeine was administered, and pupil diameter was measured using objective methods. Using broad search strategies, we consulted various databases (PsycINFO, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, bioRxiv and medRxiv) and used the Covidence platform to screen, review and extract data from studies. After importing studies identified through database search (n = 517 imported, n = 46 duplicates), we screened the title and abstracts (n = 471), finding 14 studies meeting our eligibility criteria. After full-text review, we excluded seven studies, leaving only a very modest number of included studies (n = 7). Extraction of information revealed that the existing literature on the effect of caffeine on pupil parameters is very heterogeneous, differing in pupil assessment methods, time of day of caffeine administration, dose, and protocol timing and design. The evidence available in the literature does not provide consistent results but studies rated as valid by quality assessment suggest a small effect of caffeine on pupil parameters. We summarize the numeric results as both differences in absolute pupil diameter and in terms of effect sizes. More studies are needed using modern pupil assessment methods, robust study design, and caffeine dose–response methodology.
Effectively engaging faith-based leaders on syringe services programs: U.S. pastors’ knowledge, perceptions, and questions
Authors: Smither Betsy , Reeves Philip M. , Reynolds Jennifer
Published: August 2024

Objective

To identify faith-based leaders’ (FBLs’) knowledge, perceptions, and questions about syringe services programs (SSPs).

Methods

We conducted a one-time, national online survey of 461 Christian FBLs August–September 2022.

Results

56% of FBLs agreed they support having SSPs in their communities; only 7% strongly disagreed. We identified 15 main questions FBLs have about SSPs. We found statistically significant differences based on FBL Protestant affiliations. Mainline FBLs are more knowledgeable about SSPs, likely to believe a larger number of SSP services would benefit their community, supportive of SSPs, interested in data related to SSPs, and likely to look to local public health officials to shape their opinions on SSPs compared with non-mainline FBLs.

Conclusions

SSP advocates can address questions that FBLs have about SSPs before beginning outreach. By understanding common Protestant denominational affiliations, advocates can focus initial engagement efforts on FBLs in their communities who are more likely to support SSPs. Our findings suggest that local public health officials can influence FBLs’ opinions about SSPs.
A case of anaphylactic shock to human fibrinogen infusion during cardiac surgery
Authors: Xu Chun , Wang Weipeng
Published: August 2024

Human fibrinogen (FIB) has been clinically proven to be considerably effective for the treatment of postoperative bleeding, with reported cases of allergic reactions to human FIB being rare. Here, we report a case of an anaphylactic shock in 27-year-old patients with rheumatic heart valve disease who received a human FIB infusion during mitral valve replacement, aortic valve replacement, and tricuspid valve-shaping surgery. The patients showed generalised profuse sweating, a barely noticeable skin rash, faint pulse, systolic pressure < 50 mmHg, and a heart rate of 71 beats/min. We share insights from a case of severe allergy to human FIB infusion during cardiac surgery, through which we have gained experience in the processes of diagnosing and treating. This report aims to provide a preliminary summary of the characteristics of this case to serve as a reference for fellow clinicians.
Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency in France: a retrospective survival study
Authors: Mauhin Wladimir , Guffon Nathalie , Vanier Marie T. , Froissart Roseline , Cano Aline , Douillard Claire , Lavigne Christian , Héron Bénédicte , Belmatoug Nadia , Uzunhan Yurdagül , Lacombe Didier , Levade Thierry , Duvivier Aymeric , Pulikottil-Jacob Ruth , Laredo Fernando , Pichard Samia , Lidove Olivier ,   ASSUR Study Group, Abi-Wardé Marie-Thérèse , Berger Marc , Berthoux Emilie , Cabannes-Hamy Aurélie , Camou Fabrice , Cathebras Pascal , Grobost Vincent , Keraen Jérémy , Kuster Alice , Lioger Bertrand , Mehdaoui Anas , Merlot Claire , Michaud Martin , Reynaud-Gaubert Martine-Louise , Schlemmer Fréderic , Servettaz Amélie , Stavris Chloé , Trouillier Sébastien
Published: August 2024

Background

Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) or Niemann–Pick disease types A, A/B, and B is a progressive, life-limiting, autosomal recessive disorder caused by sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) gene mutations. There is a need to increase the understanding of morbidity and mortality across children to adults diagnosed with ASMD.

Methods

This observational retrospective survey analysed medical records of patients with ASMD with retrievable data from 27 hospitals in France, diagnosed/followed up between 1stJanuary 1990 and 31stDecember 2020. Eligible records were abstracted to collect demographic, medical/developmental history, and mortality data. Survival outcomes were estimated from birth until death using Kaplan–Meier survival analyses; standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was also explored.

Results

A total of 118 medical records of patients with ASMD (type B [n = 94], type A [n = 15], and type A/B [n = 9]) were assessed. The majority of patients were males (63.6%); the median [range] age at diagnosis was 8.0 [1.0–18.0] months (type A), 1.0 [0–3] year (type A/B), and 5.5 [0–73] years (type B). Overall, 30 patients were deceased at the study completion date; the median [range] age at death for patients with ASMD type A (n = 14) was 1 [0–3.6] year, type A/B (n = 6) was 8.5 [3.0–30.9] years, and type B (n = 10) was 57.6 [3.4–74.1] years. The median [95% confidence interval (CI)] survival age from birth in patients with ASMD type A and type A/B was 2.0 [1.8–2.7] years and 11.4 [5.5–18.5] years, respectively. Survival analysis in ASMD type B was explored using SMR [95% CI] analysis (3.5 [1.6–5.9]), which showed that age-specific deaths in the ASMD type B population were 3.5 times more frequent than those in the general French population. The causes of death were mostly severe progressive neurodegeneration (type A: 16.7%), cancer (type B: 16.7%), or unspecified (across groups: 33.3%).

Conclusions

This study illustrated a substantial burden of illness with high mortality rates in patients with ASMD, including adults with ASMD type B, in France.
Co-creating community wellbeing initiatives: what is the evidence and how do they work?
Authors: Powell Nicholas , Dalton Hazel , Lawrence-Bourne Joanne , Perkins David
Published: August 2024

Background

Addressing wellbeing at the community level, using a public health approach may build wellbeing and protective factors for all. A collaborative, community-owned approach can bring together experience, networks, local knowledge, and other resources to form a locally-driven, place-based initiative that can address complex issues effectively. Research on community empowerment, coalition functioning, health interventions and the use of local data provide evidence about what can be achieved in communities. There is less understanding about how communities can collaborate to bring about change, especially for mental health and wellbeing.

Method

A comprehensive literature search was undertaken to identify community wellbeing initiatives that address mental health. After screening 8,972 titles, 745 abstracts and 188 full-texts, 12 exemplar initiatives were identified (39 related papers).

Results

Eight key principles allowed these initiatives to become established and operate successfully. These principles related to implementation and outcome lessons that allowed these initiatives to contribute to the goal of increasing community mental health and wellbeing. A framework for community wellbeing initiatives addressing principles, development, implementation and sustainability was derived from this analysis, with processes mapped therein.

Conclusion

This framework provides evidence for communities seeking to address community wellbeing and avoid the pitfalls experienced by many well-meaning but short-lived initiatives.

Graphical Abstract
Promising superabsorbent hydrogel based on carboxymethyl cellulose and polyacrylic acid: synthesis, characterization, and applications in fertilizer engineering
Authors: Dardeer Hemat M. , Gad Ahmed N. , Mahgoub Mohamed Y.
Published: August 2024

The combination of hydrogel and fertilizer as slow release fertilizer hydrogel (SRFH) has become one of the most promising materials to overcome the shortcomings of conventional fertilizer by decreasing fertilizer loss rate, supplying nutrients sustainably, and lowering the frequency of irrigation. The hydrogel based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) (CMC/PAA) was synthesized. All materials, Vinasse, hydrogel (CMC/PAA) and (Vinasse/CMC-PAA) were characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The formed hydrogel was applied to control the salinity of Vinasse to use it as a cheap and economical fertilizer. The results showed that using the prepared hydrogel with Vinasse (V/CMC-PAA) as a slow-release organic fertilizer decreased the EC value through the first six hours from 1.77 to 0.35 mmohs/cm. Also, using V/CMC-PAA can control and keep the potassium as fertilizer for 50 days. The productivity per feddan from the sugar cane crop increased by about 15%, and the number of irrigations decreased from 5 to 4 times.
Relationship between deltamethrin resistance and gut symbiotic bacteria of Aedes albopictus by 16S rDNA sequencing
Authors: Sun Yingbo , Li Tingting , Zhou Guofa , Zhou Yunfei , Wu Yuhong , Xu Jiabao , Chen Jiarong , Zhong Saifeng , Zhong Daibin , Liu Rui , Lu Gang , Li Yiji
Published: August 2024

﻿Abstract

Background

Aedes albopictus is an important vector for pathogens such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. While insecticides is the mainstay for mosquito control, their widespread and excessive use has led to the increased resistance in Ae. albopictus globally. Gut symbiotic bacteria are believed to play a potential role in insect physiology, potentially linking to mosquitoes’ metabolic resistance against insecticides.

Methods

We investigated the role of symbiotic bacteria in the development of resistance in Ae. albopictus by comparing gut symbiotic bacteria between deltamethrin-sensitive and deltamethrin-resistant populations. Adults were reared from field-collected larvae. Sensitive and resistant mosquitoes were screened using 0.03% and 0.09% deltamethrin, respectively, on the basis of the World Health Organization (WHO) tube bioassay. Sensitive and resistant field-collected larvae were screened using 5 × LC50 (lethal concentration at 50% mortality) and 20 × LC50 concentration of deltamethrin, respectively. Laboratory strain deltamethrin-sensitive adults and larvae were used as controls. The DNA of gut samples from these mosquitoes were extracted using the magnetic bead method. Bacterial 16S rDNA was sequenced using BGISEQ method. We isolated and cultured gut microorganisms from adult and larvae mosquitoes using four different media: Luria Bertani (LB), brain heart infusion (BHI), nutrient agar (NA), and salmonella shigella (SS).

Results

Sequencing revealed significantly higher gut microbial diversity in field-resistant larvae compared with field-sensitive and laboratory-sensitive larvae (P < 0.01). Conversely, gut microorganism diversity in field-resistant and field-sensitive adults was significantly lower compared with laboratory-sensitive adults (P < 0.01). At the species level, 25 and 12 bacterial species were isolated from the gut of field resistant larvae and adults, respectively. The abundance of Flavobacterium spp., Gemmobacter spp., and Dysgonomonas spp. was significantly higher in the gut of field-resistant larvae compared with sensitive larvae (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, the abundance of Flavobacterium spp., Pantoea spp., and Aeromonas spp. was significantly higher in the gut of field-resistant adults compared with sensitive adults (all P < 0.05). The dominant and differentially occurring microorganisms were also different between resistant larval and adult mosquitoes. These findings suggest that the gut commensal bacteria of Ae. albopictus adults and larvae may play distinct roles in their deltamethrin resistance.

Conclusions

This study provides an empirical basis for further exploration of the mechanisms underlying the role of gut microbial in insecticide resistance, potentially opening a new prospect for mosquito control strategies.

Graphical Abstract
Anesthesia management for cesarean section in a woman with chronic renal failure and heart failure: a case report
Authors: Horiuchi Tatsuo , Takeda Syunsuke , Mieda Rie , Hiroki Tadanao , Saito Shigeru
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Pregnancy in a woman with heart and chronic renal failure can lead to life-threatening complications for both mother and child. Although such cases are often delivered by cesarean section, few reports have described anesthesia methods.

Case presentation

We encountered a case in which cesarean section was performed using combined spinal and epidural anesthesia for a pregnant woman with chronic renal and heart failure. The 35-year-old Japanese woman had been undergoing hemodialysis for several years. Heart failure symptoms that appeared during pregnancy initially improved with treatments such as increasing hemodialysis, but recurred. She was admitted to the intensive care unit. The initial plan was to deliver the baby after a few weeks, but further progression of heart failure became a concern. After a clinical conference among staff, a cesarean section with combined spinal and epidural anesthesia was scheduled for 24 weeks, 0 days of gestation. The anticoagulant for dialysis was also changed from heparin to nafamostat in preparation for cesarean section. Monitoring was started with central venous and radial artery pressures before induction of anesthesia. Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia was induced and the cesarean section was completed without complications. Surgery was initiated under continuous administration of phenylephrine, which was intended to avoid hypotension due to anesthesia. The hemodynamic and respiratory status of the patient remained stable postoperatively. After the cesarean section, morphine was administered epidurally and the epidural catheter was removed.

Conclusion

Cesarean section was safely performed for a pregnant woman with renal and heart failure using combined spinal and epidural anesthesia.
Standard: human intestine-on-a-chip
Authors: Liu Haitao , Wang Yaqing , Zhang Xu , Zhang Min , Wang Peng , Shang Jing , Li Zhongqiang , Gong Likun , Guo Jiabin , Sun Wei , Pi Jingbo , Li Xianliang , Ding Wei , Wang Dianbing , Li Zhongyu , Zhang Jingzhong , Wang Lan , Geng Xingchao , Yang Ruifu , Zhou Pingkun , Tang Wanjin , Zhang Xian’en , Chen Chunying , Yang Shengli , Qin Jianhua
Published: August 2024

Organs-on-chips are microphysiological systems that allow to replicate the key functions of human organs and accelerate the innovation in life sciences including disease modeling, drug development, and precision medicine. However, due to the lack of standards in their definition, structural design, cell source, model construction, and functional validation, a wide range of translational application of organs-on-chips remains a challenging. “Organs-on-chips: Intestine” is the first group standard on human intestine-on-a-chip in China, jointly agreed and released by the experts from the Chinese Society of Biotechnology on 29th April 2024. This standard specifies the scope, terminology, definitions, technical requirements, detection methods, and quality control in building the human intestinal model on a chip. The publication of this group standard will guide the institutional establishment, acceptance and execution of proper practical protocols and accelerate the international standardization of intestine-on-a-chip for translational applications.
Retraction Note: Future of low back pain: unravelling IVD components and MSCs’ potential
Authors: Monteiro Raquel Leão
Published: August 2024

This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13619-023-00184-5.
Safety assessment of agricultural products and the pesticide regulation trend in China
Authors: Shao Yitian , Ni Jianwei , Zhou Shengjia , Wang Yiping , Jin Xuanxuan
Published: August 2024

The sustainable development of Chinese agriculture needs to coordinate the quality and quantity of agricultural products. To verify whether government regulation can promote agricultural development by controlling pesticides, the indices of government regulation, quantity and quality of agricultural products, and pesticide use per area of cropland were calculated, and a comprehensive evaluation index and the coupling degree and coordination degree of agricultural products were analyzed by coupling function. The results showed that the coupling and coordination degree of the quality and quantity of agricultural products and the comprehensive index are improving. The regulation of pesticide use per area of cropland is a key mechanism in promoting the coordinated development of agricultural product safety. The regulation trend of agricultural development in China is to reduce pesticide usage appropriately and expand the production-possibility frontier of agricultural products.

Graphical abstract
CAMKK2-AMPK axis endows dietary calcium and phosphorus levels with regulatory effects on lipid metabolism in weaned piglets
Authors: Miao Zhenyan , Sun Yanjie , Feng Zhangjian , Wu Qiwen , Yang Xuefen , Wang Li , Jiang Zongyong , Li Ying , Yi Hongbo
Published: August 2024

Background

In the realm of swine production, optimizing body composition and reducing excessive fat accumulation is critical for enhancing both economic efficiency and meat quality. Despite the acknowledged impact of dietary calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) on lipid metabolism, the precise mechanisms behind their synergistic effects on fat metabolism remain elusive.

Results

Research observations have shown a decreasing trend in the percentage of crude fat in carcasses with increased calcium and phosphorus content in feed. Concurrently, serum glucose concentrations significantly decreased, though differences in other lipid metabolism-related indicators were not significant across groups. Under conditions of low calcium and phosphorus, there is a significant suppression in the expression of FABPs, CD36 and PPARγ in the jejunum and ileum, leading to inhibited intestinal lipid absorption. Concurrently, this results in a marked increase in lipid accumulation in the liver. Conversely, higher levels of dietary calcium and phosphorus promoted intestinal lipid absorption and reduced liver lipid accumulation, with these changes being facilitated through the activation of the CAMKK2/AMPK signaling pathway by high-calcium-phosphorus diets. Additionally, the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the diet significantly altered the composition of liver lipids and the gut microbiota, increasing α-diversity and affecting the abundance of specific bacterial families related to lipid metabolism.

Conclusion

The evidence we provide indicates that the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the diet alter body fat content and lipid metabolism by modulating the response of the gut-liver axis to lipids. These effects are closely associated with the activation of the CAMKK2/AMPK signaling pathway.
CD105+CAF-derived exosomes CircAMPK1 promotes pancreatic cancer progression by activating autophagy
Authors: He Zhiwei , Li Xiushen , Chen Shiyu , Cai Kun , Li Xiaowu , Liu Hui
Published: August 2024

Previous studies have shown that the heterogeneity of tumor-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment may play a critical role in tumorigenesis; however, the biological function of CAFs in pancreatic cancer is still controversial. In this study, we found that CD105-positive (CD105+) CAF-derived exosomes significantly promoted the proliferative and invasive metastatic abilities of pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, RNA-seq and qRT‒PCR experiments revealed circAMPK1 as a key molecule in exosomes from CD105+ CAFs that mediates the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we demonstrated that circAMPK1 encodes a novel protein (AMPK1-360aa) in pancreatic cancer cells. This protein competes with AMPK1 to bind to the ubiquitination ligase NEDD4, which inhibits AMPK1 protein degradation and ubiquitination and thereby increases AMPK1 levels. Finally, we demonstrated that AMPK1-360aa induces cellular autophagy via NEDD4/AMPK1 to promote the proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. In summary, circAMPK1 in CD105+ CAF-derived exosomes may mediate pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and invasive metastasis by inducing autophagy in target cells. Moreover, circAMPK1 may competitively bind to ubiquitinating enzymes through the encoded protein AMPK1-360aa, which in turn inhibits the ubiquitination-mediated degradation of AMPK1 and contributes to the upregulation of AMPK1 expression, thus inducing cellular autophagy to mediate the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer.
Cell membrane patches transfer CAR molecules from a cellular depot to conventional T cells for constructing innovative fused-CAR-T cells without necessitating genetic modification
Authors: Hu Jing , Zhong Luyi , Wang Yiqiu , Hu Shiyi , Zhang Lijiaqi , Tian Qingchang
Published: August 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) serves as the foundational element of CAR-T cells. Exogenous CAR molecules can exert functional effects on allogeneic T cells, leading to their activation and subsequent functional alterations. Here we show a new method based on this biological principle: the transfer of CAR molecules from exogenous cells to the membrane of receptor T cells. This process facilitates receptor T cell to recognize target antigens and induces their activation. These patches imbued normal T cells with enhanced tumor targeting capabilities and activated their inherent killing functions. This method’s efficacy introduces an approach for constructing non-genetically manipulated CAR-T cells and holds potential for application to other immune cells.

Graphical Abstract