bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distributed computing with the cloud
Authors: Afek Yehuda , Giladi Gal , Patt-Shamir Boaz
Published: February 2024

We investigate the effect of omnipresent cloud storage on distributed computing. To this end, we specify a network model with links of prescribed bandwidth that connect standard processing nodes, and, in addition, passive storage nodes. Each passive node represents a cloud storage system, such as Dropbox, Google Drive etc. We study a few tasks in this model, assuming a single cloud node connected to all other nodes, which are connected to each other arbitrarily. We give implementations for basic tasks of collaboratively writing to and reading from the cloud, and for more advanced applications such as matrix multiplication and federated learning. Our results show that utilizing node-cloud links as well as node-node links can considerably speed up computations, compared to the case where processors communicate either only through the cloud or only through the network links. We first show how to optimally read and write large files to and from the cloud in general graphs using flow techniques. We use these primitives to derive algorithms forcombining, where every processor node has an input value and the task is to compute a combined value under some given associative operator. In the special but common case of “fat links,” where we assume that links between processors are bidirectional and have high bandwidth, we provide near-optimal algorithms for any commutative combining operator (such as vector addition). For the task of matrix multiplication (or other non-commutative combining operators), where the inputs are ordered, we present tight results in the simple “wheel” network, where procesing nodes are arranged in a ring, and are all connected to a single cloud node.
Evaluation of UK paediatric nephrology teams’ understanding, experience and perceptions of oral health outcomes and accessibility to dental care: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Wallace Christopher K. , Vernazza Christopher R. , Emmet Victoria , Singhal Nidhi , Sathyanarayana Vijaya , Tse Yincent , Taylor Greig D.
Published: February 2024

Background

Oral health conditions are common in children and young people (CYP) with kidney disorders. There is currently limited literature on how confident paediatric nephrology teams feel to identify and manage oral health concerns for their patients.

Method

An exploratory mixed-method survey was distributed across all 13 UK specialist paediatric nephrology centres with responses received from consultants, registrars, specialist nurses and special interest (SPIN) paediatricians.

Results

Responses received from 109 multidisciplinary team members of 13/13 (100%) UK tertiary units. Ninety-two percent (n = 100) of respondents reported they had never received any training in oral health and 87% (n = 95) felt that further training would be beneficial to optimise care for patients and improve communication between medical and dental teams. Most respondents reported that they did not regularly examine, or enquire about, their patients’ oral health. Only 16% (n = 17) reported that all their paediatric kidney transplant recipients underwent routine dental assessment prior to transplant listing. Severe adverse oral health outcomes were rarely reported and only 11% (n = 12) of respondents recalled having a patient who had a kidney transplant delayed or refused due to concerns about oral infection. Seventy-eight percent (n = 85) felt that joint working with a dental team would benefit patients at their unit; however, 17% (n = 18) felt that current infrastructure does not currently support effective joint working.

Conclusions

Across the UK, paediatric kidney health professionals report lack of confidence and training in oral health. Upskilling subspecialty teams and creating dental referral pathways are recommended to maximise oral health outcomes for CYP with kidney diseases.

Graphical abstract
Molecular properties of linear amino acids in water
Authors: Boča Roman , Imrich Richard , Štofko Juraj , Vranovičová Beáta , Rajnák Cyril
Published: February 2024

Four linear amino acids of increased separation of the carboxyl and amino groups, namely glycine (aminoacetic acid), β-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), GABA (4-aminobutanoic acid) and DAVA (5-aminopentanoic acid), have been studied by quantum chemical ab initio and DFT methods including the solvent effect in order to get electronic structure and molecular descriptors, such as ionisation energy, electron affinity, molecular electronegativity, chemical hardness, electrophilicity index, dipole moment, quadrupole moment and dipole polarizability. Thermodynamic functions (zero-point energy, inner energy, enthalpy, entropy, and the Gibbs energy) were evaluated after the complete vibrational analysis at the true energy minimum provided by the full geometry optimization. Reaction Gibbs energy allows evaluating the absolute redox potentials on reduction and/or oxidation. The non-local non-additive molecular descriptors were compared along the series showing which of them behave as extensive, varying in match with the molar mass and/or separation of the carboxyl and amino groups. Amino acidic forms and zwitterionic forms of the substances were studied in parallel in order to compare their relative stability and redox properties. In total, 24 species were investigated by B3LYP/def2-TZVPD method (M1) including neutral molecules, molecular cations and molecular anions. For comparison, MP2/def2-TZVPD method (M2) with full geometry optimization and vibrational analysis in water has been applied for 12 species; analogously, for 24 substances, DLPNO-CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ method (M3) has been applied in the geometry obtained by MP2 and/or B3LYP. It was found that the absolute oxidation potential correlates with the adiabatic ionisation energy; the absolute reduction potential correlates with the adiabatic electron affinity and the electrophilicity index. In order to validate the used methodology with experimental vertical ionisation energies and vibrational spectrum obtained in gas phase, calculations were done also in vacuo.
Thermal ablation versus liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of propensity-score matched studies
Authors: Wei Qiuxia , Xiong Shiyu , Luo Wanrong , Liang Ming , Luo Baoming
Published: February 2024

The outcomes of cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after thermal ablation (TA) versus liver resection (LR) are debated. We aimed to compare the overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and operative outcomes after TA and LR for HCC in patients with cirrhosis. Until November 15, 2022, we searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases by using Medical Subject Heading terms and other terms, and used the Newcastle-Ottawa literature evaluation scale to assess the quality of selected studies. OS, DFS, and operative outcomes were extracted and analyzed. The meta-analysis showed that 5 propensity-score matched (PSM) studies including 933 patients (463 TA vs. 470 LR) were included. After analysis, TA and LR had similar results at 1-year OS (odds ratio [OR] 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–2.78; P = 0.05) and 3-year OS (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.56–1.04; P = 0.08), whereas LR increased 5-years OS (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.18–0.74; P = 0.005). In addition to the DFS, the 1-year DFS was significantly higher in patients with LR. However, there were no obvious differences in 3-year and 5-year DFS when comparing TA and LR. The length of operative time and hospital stay were longer in the LR group. Besides, the LR group had significantly higher rate of perioperative blood transfusions and major complications. Our research proved that LR took advantage of OS and DFS for HCC patients with cirrhosis. Additional well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed.
Xylem adjustment and growth response of early- and late-successional tree species to rapid warming
Authors: Hu Zihao , Zhu Liangjun , Liu Shuguang , Lei Pifeng , Zhang Rong , Cherubini Paolo
Published: February 2024

Climate changes have dramatically affected forest succession. However, how trees at different successional stages respond to climate warming is unclear in the subtropics. Here, we compared the radial growth (RW) and xylem features of the early-successional stage Castanea mollissima and late-successional stage Quercus fabri in subtropical forests and assessed their response to climate changes. All parameters, including RW, number of vessels (VN), vessel density (VD), mean (MVA) and total (TVA) vessel area, percentage of conductive area within xylem (RCTA), theoretical (Kh) and xylem-specific (Ks) hydraulic conductivity, except for MVA of C. mollissima were significantly higher than those of Q. fabri. During the drought period, a notable adverse correlation between two cluster parameters of Q. fabri, associated with hydraulic safety and efficiency, suggested a pronounced hydraulic trade-off in Q. fabri under drought conditions. Castanea mollissima was more sensitive to climate and more prone to hydraulic failure than Q. fabri. Temperatures and moisture conditions positively and negatively affected the hydraulic efficiency-related parameters of C. mollissima. Moisture conditions in the previous summer and winter were significantly negatively and positively related to the radial growth of both species. The impact of generalized warming was not evident due to variations in hydraulic strategies and species characteristics, trade-offs between non-growing and growing season climates, and specific competition. If climate warming continues, C. mollissima growth will probably significantly decline due to the increasing risk of hydraulic failure. Warming may accelerate species replacement and forest succession in the study area by changing their lifespans and competitive relationships.
Unveiling the role of entrepreneurial teams in the equity crowdfunding journey
Authors: Troise Ciro , Giovando Guido , Jabeen Fauzia , Bresciani Stefano
Published: February 2024

Despite the rapid spread of equity crowdfunding, the role and actions played by entrepreneurial teams in this context have been neglected; the few studies in this field adopted a static view and focused primarily on their signaling role in equity crowdfunding campaigns, compared to solo founders. This study adopts a dynamic view and extends current literature by exploring the underlying dynamics and the role of entrepreneurial teams in the entire equity crowdfunding journey. Our findings reveal that entrepreneurial teams play a crucial role in three phases of equity crowdfunding, namely, the pre-campaign, during the campaign, and post-campaign phases. In the first phase, entrepreneurial teams are crucial in enhancing entrepreneurial alertness, social media use, social capital, entrepreneurial openness, and reducing the perceived uncertainty. The analysis shows that entrepreneurial teams are determinant for the success of the equity crowdfunding campaigns for human capital signals, certifications, social media use, and increased social capital and communication activities. Finally, the results highlight that entrepreneurial teams have valuable importance in the post-campaign phases in terms of crowd involvement/management, social capital and knowledge/network exploitation, improved resource mobilization, and resilience/robustness. Notably, social capital has a dynamic effect on equity crowdfunding activities over time. The results of this research have several implications for theory and for practice. We also discuss the implications of our findings for adopting a team approach, for small businesses undertaking the equity crowdfunding journey, and for other actors including platform managers and prospective investors.
Infectious Disease in the Workplace: Quantifying Uncertainty in Transmission
Authors: Hamley Jonathan I. D. , Beldi Guido , Sánchez-Taltavull Daniel
Published: February 2024

Understanding disease transmission in the workplace is essential for protecting workers. To model disease outbreaks, the small populations in many workplaces require that stochastic effects are considered, which results in higher uncertainty. The aim of this study was to quantify and interpret the uncertainty inherent in such circumstances. We assessed how uncertainty of an outbreak in workplaces depends on i) the infection dynamics in the community, ii) the workforce size, iii) spatial structure in the workplace, iv) heterogeneity in susceptibility of workers, and v) heterogeneity in infectiousness of workers. To address these questions, we developed a multiscale model: A deterministic model to predict community transmission, and a stochastic model to predict workplace transmission. We extended this basic workplace model to allow for spatial structure, and heterogeneity in susceptibility and infectiousness in workers. We found a non-monotonic relationship between the workplace transmission rate and the coefficient of variation (CV), which we use as a measure of uncertainty. Increasing community transmission, workforce size and heterogeneity in susceptibility decreased the CV. Conversely, increasing the level of spatial structure and heterogeneity in infectiousness increased the CV. However, when the model predicts bimodal distributions, for example when community transmission is low and workplace transmission is high, the CV fails to capture this uncertainty. Overall, our work informs modellers and policy makers on how model complexity impacts outbreak uncertainty. In particular: workforce size, community and workplace transmission, spatial structure and individual heterogeneity contribute in a specific and individual manner to the predicted workplace outbreak size distribution.
Operationalizing Equity, Inclusion, and Access in Research Practice at a Large Academic Institution
Authors: Britez Ferrante Emma , Blady Shira , Sheu Dorothy , Maitra Medha Romee , Drakes Josiah , Lieberman Adina , Mussell Adam , Bair Elizabeth F. , Hearn Caleb M. , Thorbecke Leo , Zhu Jingsan , Kohn Rachel
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Healthcare advances are hindered by underrepresentation in prospective research; sociodemographic, data, and measurement infidelity in retrospective research; and a paucity of guidelines surrounding equitable research practices.

Objective

The Joint Research Practices Working Group was created in 2021 to develop and disseminate guidelines for the conduct of inclusive and equitable research.

Methods

Volunteer faculty and staff from two research centers at the University of Pennsylvania initiated a multi-pronged approach to guideline development, including literature searches, center-level feedback, and mutual learning with local experts.

Results

We developed guidelines for (1) participant payment and incentives; (2) language interpretation and translation; (3) plain language in research communications; (4) readability of study materials; and (5) inclusive language for scientific communications. Key recommendations include (1) offer cash payments and multiple payment options to participants when required actions are completed; (2) identify top languages of your target population, map points of contact, and determine available interpretation and translation resources; (3) assess reading levels of materials and simplify language, targeting 6th- to 8th-grade reading levels; (4) improve readability through text formatting and style, symbols, and visuals; and (5) use specific, humanizing terms as adjectives rather than nouns.

Conclusions

Diversity, inclusion, and access are critical values for research conduct that promotes justice and equity. These values can be operationalized through organizational commitment that combines bottom-up and top-down approaches and through partnerships across organizations that promote mutual learning and synergy. While our guidelines represent best practices at one time, we recognize that practices evolve and need to be evaluated continuously for accuracy and relevance. Our intention is to bring awareness to these critical topics and form a foundation for important conversations surrounding equitable and inclusive research practices.
The Influence of Spraying Parameters and Powder Sizes on the Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Cold-Sprayed Inconel®625 Deposits
Authors: Taherkhani F. , List A. , Keller S. , Kashaev N. , Gärtner F. , Klassen T.
Published: February 2024

Cold spraying (CS) of high-strength materials, e.g., Inconel®625 is still challenging due to the limited material deformability and thus high critical velocities for achieving bonding. Further fine-tuning and optimization of cold spray process parameters are required, to reach higher particle impact velocities and temperatures, while avoiding nozzle clogging. Only then, sufficiently high amounts of well-bonded particle–substrate and particle–particle interfaces can be achieved, assuring high cohesive strength and minimum amounts of porosities. In this study, Inconel®625 powder was cold sprayed on carbon steel substrates, using N2 as propellant gas under different spray parameter sets and different powder sizes for a systematic evaluation. Coating microstructure, porosity, electrical conductivity, hardness, cohesive strength, and residual stress were characterized in as-sprayed condition. Increasing the process gas temperature or pressure leads to low coating porosity of less than 1% and higher electrical conductivity. The as-sprayed coatings show microstructures with highly deformed particles. X-ray diffraction reveals that powder and deposits are present as γ-solid-solution phase without any precipitations. The deposits show high microhardness and compressive residual stresses, which is attributed to work hardening and peening effects. The optimized deposits reach almost bulk material properties and are thus well suited for industrial applications.
Zinc oxide–chitosan matrix for efficient electrochemical sensing of acetaminophen
Authors: Medany Shymaa S. , Hefnawy Mahmoud A. , Fadlallah Sahar A. , El-Sherif Rabab M.
Published: February 2024

The acetaminophen is an antipyretic and nonopioid analgesic that is prescribed for the management of fever and mild to moderate pain. The detection of acetaminophen by ZnO and ZnO@Chitosan-modified electrodes made of glassy carbon was compared. Acetaminophen was detected using surfaces of ZnO and ZnO@Chitosan over a 10–50 µM concentration range. The detection limits for ZnO and ZnO@Chitosan were anticipated to be 0.94 and 0.71 μmol L−1, respectively. In a wide range of acidic, neutral, and basic mediums with varying pH values, the impact of a change in solution pH on acetaminophen sensitivity was investigated. Electrokinetic studies were used to evaluate the acetaminophen detection efficiency. The charge transfer resistance (Rc) for various surfaces was measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Using DFT studies, the synergistic effect of chitosan on zinc oxide was also shown. The Forcite model was used to calculate the surface interactions between chitosan and zinc oxide. Acetaminophen adsorption on the chitosan surface was also studied using the B3LYP density functional method.

Graphical abstract
Advances and Challenges in Managing Hepatitis D Virus: Evolving Strategies
Authors: Gopalakrishna Harish , Mironova Maria , Dahari Harel , Koh Christopher , Heller Theo
Published: February 2024

Purpose of Review

Hepatitis D Virus (HDV), although a small defective virus, poses a substantial public health challenge due to lack of awareness, underrecognized prevalence, and limited treatment options. Universal HDV screening within hepatitis B virus (HBV) cohorts is essential to address this issue. Despite its aggressive nature, effective HDV therapies have remained elusive for over four decades.

Recent Findings

Advances in understanding HDV’s biology and clinical behavior offer potential therapeutic breakthroughs, fostering optimism. As insights grow, effective and targeted therapies are being developed to improve HDV management.

This review delves into HDV’s intricate structure and biology, highlighting formidable hurdles in antiviral development. It emphasizes the importance of widespread screening, exploring noninvasive diagnostics, and examining current and emerging innovative therapeutic strategies. Moreover, the review explores models for monitoring treatment response. In essence, this review simplifies the complexities of effectively combating HDV.
Evaluation of Health Risks Attributed to Toxic Trace Elements and Selenium in Farmed Mediterranean Mussels from Türkiye and Bulgaria
Authors: Dogruyol Hande , Mol Suhendan , Ulusoy Şafak , Atanasoff Alexander
Published: February 2024

Farmed mussels accumulate contaminants from their production environment rather than releasing them into water. This study reveals potential health risks associated with selenium, cadmium, mercury, and lead resulting from the consumption of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) cultured along the coasts of Türkiye and Bulgaria. The concentrations of Se and toxic trace metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The detection limits (LOD) were 0.100, 0.015, 0.025, and 0.180 µg/kg for Se, Cd, Hg, and Pb, respectively. The mean Se concentrations were between 1.305 and 1.957 µg/g, and toxic metals were below the maximum limits. Due to Turkish and Bulgarian consumers’ limited mollusk consumption, mussels could only provide a maximum of 7.35% of the daily Se need. THQ and TTHQ of Se, Cd, and methyl-Hg were below 1, indicating that farmed mussels were safe for consumption. Percent PTWI values were calculated only for Cd and MeHg, as the PTWI value for Pb was discarded by the authorities and not determined for Se. Accordingly, weekly mussel consumption did not pose any risks. The margin of exposure approach was used to evaluate Pb intake. MOE-SBP and MOE-NE were significantly higher than 10, designating no significant health risks. Long-term consumption of mussels also does not pose a carcinogenic risk regarding the TR index calculated between 10−5 and 10−6 for Pb. Positive HBVSe (10.13–37.27) indicated that Se in mussels overcame Hg-related potential health concerns. Consequently, mussels grown in Türkiye and Bulgaria did not pose a risk for human consumption, based on current risk analysis methods.
Association Between COVID-19 and Neurological Diseases: Evidence from Large-Scale Mendelian Randomization Analysis and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis
Authors: Huang Lin , Wang Yongheng , He Yijie , Huang Dongyu , Wen Tong , Han Zhijie
Published: February 2024

Observational studies have suggested that SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the risk of neurological diseases, but it remains unclear whether the association is causal. The present study aims to evaluate the causal relationships between SARS-CoV-2 infections and neurological diseases and analyzes the potential routes of SARS-CoV-2 entry at the cellular level. We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis with CAUSE method to investigate causal relationship of SARS-CoV-2 infections with neurological diseases. Then, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis to obtain evidence of potential neuroinvasion routes by measuring SARS-CoV-2 receptor expression in specific cell subtypes. Fast gene set enrichment analysis (fGSEA) was further performed to assess the pathogenesis of related diseases. The results showed that the COVID-19 is causally associated with manic (delta_elpd, − 0.1300, Z-score: − 2.4; P = 0.0082) and epilepsy (delta_elpd: − 2.20, Z-score: − 1.80; P = 0.038). However, no significant effects were observed for COVID-19 on other traits. Moreover, there are 23 cell subtypes identified through the scRNA-seq transcriptomics data of epilepsy, and SARS-CoV-2 receptor TTYH2 was found to be specifically expressed in oligodendrocyte and astrocyte cell subtypes. Furthermore, fGSEA analysis showed that the cell subtypes with receptor-specific expression was related to methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27ME3), neuronal system, aging brain, neurogenesis, and neuron projection. In summary, this study shows causal links between SARS-CoV-2 infections and neurological disorders such as epilepsy and manic, supported by MR and scRNA-seq analysis. These results should be considered in further studies and public health measures on COVID-19 and neurological diseases.
Increased Expression of Transferrin Receptor 1 in the Brain Cortex of 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Is Associated with Activation of HIF-1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Petralla Sabrina , Saveleva Liudmila , Kanninen Katja M. , Oster Julia S. , Panayotova Maria , Fricker Gert , Puris Elena
Published: February 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Despite intensive research efforts, there are currently no effective treatments to cure and prevent AD. There is growing evidence that dysregulation of iron homeostasis may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Given the important role of the transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) in regulating iron distribution in the brain, as well as in the drug delivery, we investigated its expression in the brain cortex and isolated brain microvessels from female 8-month-old 5xFAD mice mimicking advanced stage of AD. Moreover, we explored the association between the TfR1 expression and the activation of the HIF-1 signaling pathway, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation in 5xFAD mice. Finally, we studied the impact of Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 on TfR1 expression in the brain endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3. In the present study, we revealed that an increase in TfR1 protein levels observed in the brain cortex of 5xFAD mice was associated with activation of the HIF-1 signaling pathway as well as accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation. Interestingly, incubation of Aβ peptides in hCMEC/D3 cells did not affect the expression of TfR1, which supported our findings of unaltered TfR1 expression in the isolated brain microvessels in 5xFAD mice. In conclusion, the study provides important information about the expression of TfR1 in the 5xFAD mouse model and the potential role of HIF-1 signaling pathway in the regulation of TfR1 in AD, which could represent a promising strategy for the development of therapies for AD.
FLAVOUR Study: FLow profiles And postoperative VasOplegia after continUous-flow left ventriculaR assist device implantation
Authors: Kersten Bas J. , Numan Lieke , van der Schoot Marnix M. , de Jong Michel , Ramjankhan Faiz , Aarts Emmeke , Oerlemans Marish I. F. J. , van Laake Linda W. , de Waal Eric E. C.
Published: February 2024

This study aims to associate the incidence of postoperative vasoplegia and short-term survival to the implantation of various left ventricular assist devices differing in hemocompatibility and flow profiles. The overall incidence of vasoplegia was 25.3% (73/289 patients) and 30.3% (37/122), 25.0% (18/72), and 18.9% (18/95) in the axial flow (AXF), centrifugal flow (CF), and centrifugal flow with artificial pulse (CFAP) group, respectively. Vasoplegia was associated with longer intensive care (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS) and mortality. ICU and in-hospital LOS and 1-year mortality were the lowest in the CFAP group. Post hoc analysis resulted in a p-value of 0.43 between AXF and CF; 0.35 between CF and CFAP; and 0.06 between AXF and CFAP. Although there is a trend in diminished incidence of vasoplegia, pooled logistic regression using flow profile and variables that remained after feature selection showed that flow profile was not an independent predictor for postoperative vasoplegia.

Graphical Abstract
Bioethanol Production from Marine Macroalgae Waste: Optimisation of Thermal acid Hydrolysis
Authors: Pardilhó Sara , Oliveira Joana , Pires José C. , Maia Dias Joana
Published: February 2024

Marine macroalgae waste, resulting from the accumulation of drifted algal biomass along the coastline, might be a relevant complementary raw material aiming sustainable bioethanol production. In the present study, the optimisation of thermal acid hydrolysis was performed using response surface methodology (RSM) considering the effect of three variables, namely, reaction time (10–60 min), acid concentration (0.1–2.5% (v/v) H2SO4) and biomass:acid ratio (5–15% (w/v)) on sugar concentration and yield. Under the best conditions, the resulting hydrolysates were fermented (7 days, 30 °C, 150 rpm, commercial yeast) to produce bioethanol. A statistically valid second-order model was obtained (r2 = 0.9876; Prob > F lower than 0.05), showing that sugar concentration is mostly influenced by the biomass:acid ratio while reaction time was not significant. The maximum predicted sugar concentration was 18.4 g/L, being obtained at 2.5% H2SO4 concentration and 15% (w/v) biomass:acid ratio, corresponding to a sugars yield of 12.5 g/100 g (less 36% than that obtained using 10% (w/v)). At the best conditions, the hydrolysates were fermented to obtain a bioethanol concentration up to 2.4 g/L and a 21 mgbioethanol/gbiomass yield, emphasizing the biomass potential for bioenergy production.

Graphical Abstract
Recalling Tough Times: Exploring the Effect of Acceptance on Autobiographical Memory in Daily Life
Authors: Colombo Desirée , Wrzesien Maja , Baños Rosa María
Published: February 2024

Objectives

When facing daily negative events, people implement different strategies to regulate ongoing emotions. While the literature suggests that the emotional correlates of an event (i.e., valence and arousal) are linked to the characteristics of its memory, the role of acceptance as an emotion regulation strategy (i.e., an open attitude towards one’s emotional experiences, thoughts, and/or bodily sensations without attempts to control, avoid, or alter them) in mnemonic processes is still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to ecologically explore the effect of using acceptance to deal with a daily unpleasant episode on its subsequent memory

Method

We used an ecological assessment embeded in correlational study design, asking participants (n = 73) to report an unpleasant episode using their smartphone as soon as possible after its occurrence and rate the momentary use of acceptance. To investigate memory phenomenology, two surprise recall tasks were performed 1 week and 1 month after, respectively.

Results

Acceptance significantly moderated the relationship between an event’s emotional intensity and its memory. Specifically, individuals with low levels of acceptance tended to recall more details of highly emotional events. Conversely, people adopting high rates of acceptance retrieved less details as the emotional intensity of the event increased.

Conclusions

We suggest that acceptance may facilitate disengagement from unpleasant life experiences by reducing their recall, thereby constituting an adaptive emotion regulation strategy in activating circumstances.

Preregistration

This study was not preregistered.
Investigating the Impacts of Compulsive Sexual Behaviours on Women Using Descriptive Phenomenology: A Research Agenda
Authors: Aghamiri Fakri Seyed , Luetz Johannes M. , Hills Karenne
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Sexual addiction (SA) and compulsive sexual behaviour (CSB) are concepts used to characterise a nascent field of research and phenomena that can have major personal, relational, and psychological effects on individuals, their intimate relationships, and society. Impacts are manifold and may include emotional, relational, physical, sexual, and/or spiritual consequences. Literary analysis suggests that there is a wide knowledge gap in systematic in-depth qualitative studies that examine the lived experiences of impacted women.

Methods

This conceptual paper presents a blueprint for qualitative research into female partner well-being following the discovery or disclosure of SA/CSBs by their male partners. After three years of collecting data (2021–2023), the prototype has been refined to the point where the descriptive phenomenology research design merits in-depth coverage of its constituent elements.

Results and Contribution

The qualitative methodologies of this paper were developed to give voice to and better comprehend this understudied demographic. This methodological article advances qualitative knowledge creation in an emergent field of investigation, offering prospects for healing and recovery for individuals and relationships.

Conclusions

This paper presents a comprehensive research design rather than any data or findings. This focus is intended and offers new prospects to build a nascent field of investigation. More specifically, other research may benefit from either adopting and/or adapting similar methodological approaches that examine the essences of human lived experiences. This paper lays the foundation for an important future research agenda.

Policy Implications

The research methodological design presented in this paper is suited to facilitate social policy development through targeted strategies that may better validate and deliver more appropriate care to women in need. More specifically, by applying the approaches presented in this paper to the in-depth study of SA/CSB-impacted intimate partners, there is an opportunity to promote social consciousness, enhance empathy, and advance this field of investigation.
Penicillium oxalicum-mediated the green synthesis of silica nanoparticles: characterization and environmental applications
Authors: Kaabo Hazem Elsayed , Saied Ebrahim , Hassan Saad El-Din , Mahdy Hesham M. , Sultan Mahmoud H.
Published: February 2024

In terms of biocompatibility, environmental friendliness, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, green nanoparticle (NP) synthesis is a modern area of nanotechnology that performs better than physical and chemical methods. The utilization of endophytic Penicillium oxalicum for the biogenesis of silica nanoparticles is the goal of the current work. The structural and optical properties of the fungal produced silica nanoparticles were investigated utilizing transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x ray diffraction (XRD) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). All of the investigated parameters and their interactions were found to have a significant effect on the crystallite size, according to the results. The average diameter size of the biosynthesized SiO2-NPs was ranged between 20 -50 nm. The size of the biosynthesized SiO2-NPs was 28.7 nm, and their crystalline nature was confirmed by XRD, according to characterization results. A surface plasmon resonance spectrum of silica nanoparticles was obtained at 280 nm. Under UV light, Ribazol black b and Crystal violet dyes were photocatalytically degraded utilizing biosynthesized SiO2 nanoparticles. The highest decolorization percentage of Crystal violet and Ribazol black b was 94.1% ± 1.2% and 85.1% ± 0.93%, respectively after 90 and 120 min, for both crystal violet and Ribazol black b of incubation at 50.0 mg mL─1 of SiO2 nanoparticles. Furthermore, SiO2-NPs were successfully used more than once for biodegradation and that was regarded as its efficacy. Silica nanoparticles were used to remove Co, Pb, Cd, and Zn with percentages of 99.9% ± 1.2%, 99.9% ± 1.3%, 99.9% ± 1.3%, and 99.4% ± 1.4%, respectively. The phytotoxicity test was investigated by using Zea mays L seed which the root length increases to (28 ± 0.35) and (21 ± 0.51) cm, respectively when subjected tothe treated CV and Ribazole black b effluent... In conclusion, endophytic Penicillium oxalicum was used to successfully biosynthesize SiO2-NPs, which showed, phytotoxicity, heavy metal bioremediation, and photocatalytic activity against CV and Ribazol black b dye.
Temporal and Spatial Beam Shaping in LPBF for Fine and Porous Ti-Alloy Structures for Regenerative Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Sanchez Salomé , Zafari Ahmad , Caprio Leonardo , Demir Ali Gökhan , Jafari Davoud
Published: February 2024

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) presents itself as a potential method to produce thin porous structures, which have numerous applications in the medical and energy industries, due to its in-process pore formation capabilities. Particularly, regenerative fuel cells, which are capable of both producing and storing energy through the use of hydrogen-based electrochemical fuel cell and electrolysers, respectively, can benefit from the LPBF-induced porosity for it porous layer components in the electrode. Numerous studies have reported that process parameters, such as laser power, scan speed and hatch spacing, are key factors affecting the formation of pores in LPBF material due to their control over the energy density and melt pool formation during the build. Contemporary fibre lasers offer novel temporal and spatial beam shaping capabilities. Temporal laser control means that the laser can use pulsed wave (PW) or single point exposure (SPE), and spatial beam shaping refers to variations in the intensity distribution of the laser, which can be modulated from Gaussian to ring shape via the use of multi-core fibers. These have seldom been studied in combination with LPBF. Therefore, the aim of this study was to utilise temporal and spatial beam shaping in LPBF to produce thin porous structures. To do this, PW and SPE laser temporal strategies were utilised and the duty cycle (which relates the on and off time of the laser) was varied between 50% and 100%. Beam shape indexes 0 (Gaussian), 3 and 6 (ring) were also investigated alongside more standard LPBF process parameters such as laser power and scan speed to manufacture thin porous walls, as well as fine struts. The thinnest wall obtained was 130 μm thick, while the smallest strut had a diameter of 168 μm. The duty cycle had a clear effect on the porosity of thin walls, where a duty cycle of 50% produced the highest number of porous walls and had the highest porosity due to its ability to control the intensity of the energy density during the LPBF process. The different beam shape indexes corresponded to different spatial distribution of the power density, and hence, modifying the temperature distribution in the meltpool during the laser material interaction. Beam shape index 6 (corresponding to a ring mode with lower peak irradiance) created more porous specimens and smaller meltpool sizes, with respect to its beam size. Overall, this study showed that temporal and spatial control of the beam (through duty cycle and beam shape index) are powerful tools which can control the distribution and intensity of the energy density during the LPBF process to produce thin porous structures for energy applications.
H2OAthletes study protocol: effects of hydration changes on neuromuscular function in athletes
Authors: Francisco Rúben , Jesus Filipe , Nunes Catarina L. , Santos Paulo , Alvim Marta , Campa Francesco , Schoeller Dale A. , Lukaski Henry , Mendonca Goncalo V. , Sardinha Luís Fernando Cordeiro Bettencourt , Silva Analiza Mónica Lopes de Almeida
Published: February 2024

We aim to understand the effects of hydration changes on athletes’ neuromuscular performance, on body water compartments, fat-free mass hydration and hydration biomarkers and to test the effects of the intervention on the response of acute dehydration in the hydration indexes. The H2OAthletes study (clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT05380089) is a randomised controlled trial in thirty-eight national/international athletes of both sexes with low total water intake (WI) (i.e. < 35·0 ml/kg/d). In the intervention, participants will be randomly assigned to the control (CG, n 19) or experimental group (EG, n 19). During the 4-day intervention, WI will be maintained in the CG and increased in the EG (i.e. > 45·0 ml/kg/d). Exercise-induced dehydration protocols with thermal stress will be performed before and after the intervention. Neuromuscular performance (knee extension/flexion with electromyography and handgrip), hydration indexes (serum, urine and saliva osmolality), body water compartments and water flux (dilution techniques, body composition (four-compartment model) and biochemical parameters (vasopressin and Na) will be evaluated. This trial will provide novel evidence about the effects of hydration changes on neuromuscular function and hydration status in athletes with low WI, providing useful information for athletes and sports-related professionals aiming to improve athletic performance.
Diminishing numbers of male southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina Pinnipedia: Phocidae, Linnaeus, 1758) at the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica (1957–2022)
Authors: van den Hoff John
Published: February 2024

A proportion of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) population that breeds in the Kerguelen Plateau region seasonally migrates between their natal sub-Antarctic islands and moult haul-out locations on the Antarctic coastline. Analyses of survey data collated for one moult location at the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica, showed that there had been no appreciable change in the timing (phenology) of maximum seal arrivals between 1974 and 2022; however, the maximum number of seals moulting at that site had declined by ~90% over the same time interval. Spatial analyses showed rates of population change were survey area dependent, as seal numbers decreased most rapidly at haul-out areas closest to the permanently occupied Davis Station, suggesting that a relationship exists between seal numbers and human activities. The range of potential factors that contribute to population change for southern elephant seals moulting at the Vestfold Hills includes changes in status at primary source populations, one of which has not been surveyed since the 1990s, and species relocation. Should numbers of southern elephant seals in the Vestfold Hills continue to decrease at the current average rate of change (-7.78 seals/year) the species could vanish from the area by c. 2040.
Complementarity between the updated version of the front-of-pack nutrition label Nutri-Score and the food-processing NOVA classification
Authors: Sarda Barthélemy , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle , Deschamps Valérie , Ducrot Pauline , Galan Pilar , Hercberg Serge , Deschasaux-Tanguy Melanie , Srour Bernard , Fezeu Leopold K , Touvier Mathilde , Julia Chantal
Published: February 2024

Objective:

To compare the initial and the updated versions of the front-of-pack label Nutri-Score (related to the nutritional content) with the NOVA classification (related to the degree of food processing) at the food level.

Design:

Using the OpenFoodFacts database – 129,950 food products – we assessed the complementarity between the Nutri-Score (initial and updated) with the NOVA classification through a correspondence analysis. Contingency tables between the two classification systems were used.

Settings:

The food offer in France.

Participants:

Not applicable.

Results:

With both versions (i.e. initial and updated) of the Nutri-Score, the majority of ultra-processed products received medium to poor Nutri-Score ratings (between 77·9 % and 87·5 % of ultra-processed products depending on the version of the algorithm). Overall, the update of the Nutri-Score algorithm led to a reduction in the number of products rated A and B and an increase in the number of products rated D or E for all NOVA categories, with unprocessed foods being the least impacted (–3·8 percentage points (–5·2 %) rated A or B and +1·3 percentage points (+12·9 %) rated D or E) and ultra-processed foods the most impacted (–9·8 percentage points (–43·4 %) rated A or B and +7·8 percentage points (+14·1 %) rated D or E). Among ultra-processed foods rated favourably with the initial Nutri-Score, artificially sweetened beverages, sweetened plant-based drinks and bread products were the most penalised categories by the revision of Nutri-Score while low-sugar flavoured waters, fruit and legume preparations were the least affected.

Conclusion:

These results indicate that the update of the Nutri-Score reinforces its coherence with the NOVA classification, even though both systems measure two distinct health dimensions at the food level.
Distinguishing Trajectories and Drivers of Vegetated Ecosystems in China's Loess Plateau
Authors: Wang Zhuangzhuang , Fu Bojie , Wu Xutong , Wang Shuai , Li Yingjie , Feng Yuhao , Zhang Liwei , Hu Ying , Cheng Linhai , Li Binbin
Published: February 2024

Terrestrial ecosystems can exhibit various behaviors in response to climate change and human activities. Nonlinear and abrupt shifts in ecosystems are particularly important as they indicate substantial modifications in ecosystem structure and function, posing a threat to the provision of ecosystem services. Here we distinguish between linear, curvilinear, and abrupt shifts in ecosystem productivity from 2000 to 2020 in China's Loess Plateau. We utilize spatial Random Forest models to analyze the driving factors behind these change patterns. Our findings indicate that 84.1% of the ecosystems experienced a positive change in plant productivity, while a small proportion (2.5%) exhibited a negative change. Abrupt shifts are prevalent in both positive and negative changes in ecosystem productivity, with negative changes often manifesting as abrupt shifts (79.3%). Negative changes in plant productivity, particularly the negative abrupt shifts, are primarily associated with human activities characterized by increased nighttime light and urbanization. Land conversion to forest is linked to a curvilinear trajectory in plant productivity, characterized by nonlinear changes with acceleration. Higher water availability and a wetter environment are more likely to promote positive changes in plant productivity. Moderate warming trends contribute to abrupt positive changes in plant productivity, while high warming trends are associated with increased negative abrupt and curvilinear changes. We highlight the importance of accounting for diverse change behaviors in ecosystems for the development of targeted conservation and restoration measures.
Diurnal Variability of the Upper Ocean Simulated by a Climate Model
Authors: Reeves Eyre J. E. Jack , Zhu Jieshun , Kumar Arun , Wang Wanqiu
Published: February 2024

We use a version of the NOAA Climate Forecast System with enhanced (up to 1‐m) ocean model vertical resolution to investigate the mean diurnal cycles of upper ocean temperature and currents. The model sea surface temperature diurnal cycle agrees well with a global observational analysis. The simulated time‐depth profiles of temperature and current also match closely observations from densely instrumented moorings in the tropical Pacific. Our analyses provide new insights into subsurface ocean diurnal cycles. Significant temperature diurnal range occurs, with seasonal modulation, at depths greater than 10 m across broad areas of the subtropical and midlatitude oceans. Significant current diurnal cycles are evident below 30 m across parts of the tropics, including in areas where deep‐cycle turbulence has been observed.