bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prototipe Pendeteksi Kebakaran Di Koperasi Pakem Berkah Bersama (KPBB) Berbasis Internet Of Things
Authors: Julpiardi Abdul Aspuri , Rahmawati Diah , Muryanah Siti
Published: June 2024

Pada saat ini pembangunan semakin hari semakin berkembang, didukung oleh perkembangan dan kemajuan perekonomian yang terus berputar membuat pembangunan gedung, pabrik, dan ruko semakin banyak tersebar, dimana perekonomian yang semakin maju harus diimbangi dengan keselamatan kerja, kenyamanan kerja dan kelancaran dari suatu kegiatan. Salah satu penyebab ketidakamanan yaitu kebakaran, kebakaran salah satu bencana alam yang sering kali terjadi di gedung, pabrik, ruko disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor seperti arus pendek listrik, kompor gas, lilin, obat nyamuk dan puntung rokok. Dalam penanggulangan bencana alam kebakaran saat ini masih terbilang lambat dalam penanganan, data BPBD (Badan Penanggulangan Bencana daerah) Tangerang Kota, terdapat 192 kasus kebakaran sejak januari hingga oktober sepanjang tahun 2021. Di Koperasi Pakem Berkah Bersama (KPBB) yang berlokasi di Pasar Kemis saat ini belum ketersediaannya alat pendeteksi dini kebakaran yang menyebabkan berpotensi tinggi terjadinya kebakaran yang tidak diketahui, dengan meminimalisir terjadinya kebakaran dibutuhkan suatu alat yang dapat mengontrol atau mendeteksi keberadaan api, gas dan suhu ruangan yang berubah seketika yang dapat menyebabkan suatu kebakaran. Oleh karena itu dibuatlah Prototipe Pendeteksi Kebakaran di Koperasi Pakem Berkah Bersama (KPBB) Berbasis Internet of Thing yang bertujuan dapat mendeteksi suatu kebakaran yang dibekali oleh sensor yang dapat mendeteksi suhu, asap dan api. Sensor api mendeteksi keberadaan api dengan berbagai arah dan posisi apabila jarak keberadan api sekitar < 30 cm, Sensor gas mendeteksi keberadaan asap apabila tingkat kepekatan asap mencapai > 450 ppm, dan Sensor suhu mendeteksi kondisi suhu dalam ruangan, apabila kondisi suhu pada ruangan mencapai > 33ÂºC. Untuk pencegahan dini terjadinya kebakaran alat pendeteksi akan memberikan bunyi alarm dan alat tersebut akan memberikan notifikasi berupa pesan singkat kepada nomor yang sudah ditentukan melalui via telegram, komponen dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sensor api, sensor gas MQ2, sensor suhu DHT-11, Wemos D1 dan Buzzer, sedangakan perangkat lunak menggunakan aplikasi Telegram untuk notifikasi kebakaran
ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI ZOOM PADA PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Lestari Hapsari Ayuning , Suswandari Meidawati
Published: June 2024

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan aplikasi zoom pada pembelajaran disekolah. Penulisan ini dilakukan dengan studi kepustakaan. Obyek pada penelitian ini adalah penggunaan aplikasi zoom pada proses pembelajaran. Subjek penellitian adalah siswa kelas atas sekolah dasar. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi pustaka. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian adalah mencari jurnal-jurnal yang terdapat pada media elektronik seperti internet, Google Cendekia dan Google Scholar. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan aplikasi zoom efektif digunakan pada proses pembelajaran di masa pandemi. Terhalangnya jarak sehingga tidak dapat dilakukan pembelajaran tatap muka.
Kata Kunci : Efektifitas, Aplikasi Zoom, Proses Pembelajaran
Peran Orang Tua Dalam Menstimulasi Moral Anak Usia (5-6) Tahun Saat Menggunakan Gadget Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Kelurahan Srijaya
Authors: Sholeha Baqiyatur Rahma
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan mengenai bagaimana peran orang tua dalam menstimulasi kecerdasan kinestetik anak usia 5-6 tahun pada saat covid-19 di Desa Mambang Musi Rawas. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis Penelitian Deskriptif Kualitatif yang dimana teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam subjek penelitian ini adalah wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Selanjutnya untuk mereduksi data yang telah diperoleh di lapangan dengan mengambil data yang pokok dan penting, membuat kategorisasi yang menyajikan data dalam bentuk teks yang bersifat naratif.Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan dua (2) orang tua anak yang berusia (5-6) tahun yang ada di Desa Mambang pada saat covid-19. Hasil penelitian ini di dapatkan, Peran orang tua dalam menstimulasi kecerdasan kinestetik anak usia (5-6) tahun pada saat covid-19 di Desa Mambang adalah peran orang tua dalam  menstimulasi kecerdasan kinestetik sebagai pendidik, pelindung, motivator, fasilitator, dan pembimbing. Serta Aktivitas yang dapat menstimulasi kecerdasan kinestetik anak yaitu dengan: Bermain Bulutangkis dan Bermain Sepeda.
The Replication Limit: on Evolutionary Trajectories of Replication-Based Biological Systems
Authors: Dolgikh Serge
Published: June 2024

The well-known “Fermi paradox”, rather an insightful observation in astrobiology has been discussed at length by the research and general community. In this work, we offer a novel perspective associated with the relationship of timescales of development and response of natural replication-based evolving systems. It is shown that a balance that could lead to a long-term stable development of such systems can be highly unstable and the development trajectory is predisposed to one of the two main tracks: a gradual decline in a harsh environment; or exponential expansion driven by replication, with resulting depletion of the resources. Thus, the possibility of a stable balanced development beyond the planetary level can be strongly suppressed for such systems that can explain ob- served absence of observations of advanced intelligent species at the solar system and higher levels of development.
Analyzing the Conceptual Metaphor “Life is Trade” in Hafez’s Ghazals Based on Mark Johnson and George Lakoff's conceptual metaphor theory
Authors: Bagheri Marziyeh
Published: June 2024

Hafez Shirazi is a poet who developed metaphors to be a major technique in his poems. An analysis of the formation of metaphors and their cognitive features can help the readership better understand his poetry and increase their interest in the ghazals. For this, this research has sought to analyze one of the domains of conceptual metaphor, i.e., trade, and the metaphor “LIFE IS TRADE”. The main goal of this research is to perform a macro-analysis of the conceptual metaphor of “life is trade” in the Hafez’s ghazals, and of micro-metaphors related to this domain. Also, the secondary goals of the research include the investigation of cognitive motivations and social-political as well as cultural backgrounds behind the formation of the said metaphors. This descriptive-analytical research gathers data from library sources. Research data reveal that Hafez is basically subjectivist, and his poetic concepts are mostly subjective and abstract; in other words, in his ghazals, Hafez looks for an instrument to make transcendental concepts concrete, and to make the men of love and cognition be confidants of his own secrets and those of love, thus acquainting the sages and the wise with truthfulness, purity, justice, etc. through the taste of love and affection. Thus, one of the most reliable instruments is conceptual and cognitive metaphor. Understanding Hafez’s subjectivism through conceptual metaphors also reaffirms his spiritual and mystical tendencies.
Structural Analysis and Testing of a Flexible Rudder Using a Cosine Honeycomb Structure
Authors: Huang Jinwei , Liu Weidong , Zhou Yue , Liu Dian
Published: June 2024

This paper introduces a new type of flexible rudder surface based on the cosine-type zero Poisson’s ratio honeycomb to enhance the adaptive capabilities of aircraft and enable multi-condition, rudderless flight. The zero Poisson’s ratio honeycomb structure exhibits exceptional in-plane and out-of-plane deformation capacities, as well as a high load-bearing capability. To investigate the deformation characteristics of flexible rudder surfaces utilizing cosine honeycomb structures, this study undertakes a comprehensive investigation through finite element simulation and 3D printing experiments. Moreover, this study analyzed the impact of honeycomb parameters and layout on the deflection performance and weight. The flexible rudder surface, fabricated from nylon, achieves smooth and consistent chordwise bending deformation, as well as uniform spanwise deformation within a tolerance of ±25°, and the maximum equivalent stress observed was 31.99 MPa, which is within the material’s allowable stress limits (50 MPa). Finite element simulation results indicate that once the deflection angle of the rocker exceeds 15°, a discernible deviation arises between the actual deflection angle of the flexible control surface and that of the rocker. Furthermore, this deviation escalates with increasing rocker rotation angles, and this discrepancy can be mitigated by augmenting the number of cosine honeycomb cells within the flexible rudder surface. Finally, a prototype of the flexible rudder surface was successfully produced using 3D printing technology, and the experimental results confirmed the deformation behavior, aligning with simulation outcomes with a deviation of less than 20%. These findings confirm the effective deflection performance of the designed flexible rudder surface, highlighting its potential application in small unmanned aerial vehicles.
Antibacterial Activities of Phenolic Compounds in Miang Extract: Growth Inhibition and Change in Protein Expression of Extensively Drug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Anek Pannita , Kumpangcum Sutita , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Khanongnuch Chartchai , Saenjum Chalermpong , Phannachet Kulwadee
Published: June 2024

The rising incidence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae, including carbapenem- and colistin-resistant strains, leads to the limitation of available effective antibiotics. Miang, known as chewing tea, is produced from Camellia sinensis var. assamica or Assam tea leaves fermentation. Previous studies revealed that the extract of Miang contains various phenolic and flavonoid compounds with numerous biological activities including antibacterial activity. However, the antibacterial activity of Miang against XDR bacteria especially colistin-resistant strains had not been investigated. In this study, the compositions of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in fresh, steamed, and fermented Assam tea leaves were examined by HPLC, and their antibacterial activities were evaluated by the determination of the MIC and MBC. Pyrogallol was detected only in the extract from Miang and showed the highest activities with an MIC of 0.25 mg/mL and an MBC of 0.25–0.5 mg/mL against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, colistin-resistant E. coli, and colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae. The effects on morphology and proteomic changes in K. pneumoniae NH54 treated with Miang extract were characterized by SEM and label-free quantitative shotgun proteomics analysis. The results revealed that Miang extract caused the decrease in bacterial cell wall integrity and cell lysis. The up- and downregulated expression with approximately a 2 to >5-fold change in proteins involved in peptidoglycan synthesis and outer membrane, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism were identified. These findings suggested that Miang containing pyrogallol and other secondary metabolites from fermentation has potential as an alternative candidate with an antibacterial agent or natural active pharmaceutical ingredient against XDR bacteria including colistin-resistant bacteria.
FABP4 Is an Indispensable Factor for Regulating Cellular Metabolic Functions of the Human Retinal Choroid
Authors: Ohguro Hiroshi , Watanabe Megumi , Sato Tatsuya , Nishikiori Nami , Umetsu Araya , Higashide Megumi , Ogawa Toshifumi , Furuhashi Masato
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the current study was to elucidate the physiological roles of intraocularly present fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4). Using four representative intraocular tissue-derived cell types, including human non-pigmented ciliary epithelium (HNPCE) cells, retinoblastoma (RB) cells, adult retinal pigment epithelial19 (ARPE19) cells and human ocular choroidal fibroblast (HOCF) cells, the intraocular origins of FABP4 were determined by qPCR analysis, and the intracellular functions of FABP4 were investigated by seahorse cellular metabolic measurements and RNA sequencing analysis using a specific inhibitor for FABP4, BMS309403. Among these four different cell types, FABP4 was exclusively expressed in HOCF cells. In HOCF cells, both mitochondrial and glycolytic functions were significantly decreased to trace levels by BMS309403 in a dose-dependent manner. In the RNA sequencing analysis, 67 substantially up-regulated and 94 significantly down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in HOCF cells treated with BMS309403 and those not treated with BMS309403. The results of Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) revealed that the DEGs were most likely involved in G-alpha (i) signaling, cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling in neurons, the S100 family signaling pathway, visual phototransduction and adrenergic receptor signaling. Furthermore, upstream analysis using IPA suggested that NKX2-1 (thyroid transcription factor1), HOXA10 (homeobox A10), GATA2 (gata2 protein), and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein A (CEBPA) were upstream regulators and that NKX homeobox-1 (NKX2-1), SFRP1 (Secreted frizzled-related protein 1) and TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) were causal network master regulators. The findings in this study suggest that intraocularly present FABP4 originates from the ocular choroid and may be a critical regulator for the cellular homeostasis of non-adipocyte HOCF cells.
Development of Subcutaneous SSEA3- or SSEA4-Positive Cell Capture Device
Authors: Nakayama Yasuhide , Iwai Ryosuke
Published: June 2024

Securing high-quality cell sources is important in regenerative medicine. In this study, we developed a device that can accumulate autologous stem cells in the body. When small wire-assembled molds were embedded in the dorsal subcutaneous pouches of beagles for several weeks, collagen-based tissues with minimal inflammation formed inside the molds. At 3 weeks of embedding, the outer areas of the tissues were composed of immature type III collagen with large amounts of cells expressing SSEA3 or SSEA4 markers, in addition to growth factors such as HGF or VEGF. When separated from the tissues by collagenase treatment, approximately four million cells with a proportion of 70% CD90-positive and 20% SSEA3- or SSEA4-positive cells were recovered from the single mold. The cells could differentiate into bone or cartilage cells. The obtained cell-containing tissues are expected to have potential as therapeutic materials or cell sources in regenerative medicine.
A Novel Dehydrated Human Umbilical Cord Particulate Medical Device: Matrix Characterization, Performance, and Biocompatibility for the Management of Acute and Chronic Wounds
Authors: Croteau Dominique , Buckley Molly , Mantay Morgan , Brannan Courtney , Roy Annelise , Barbaro Barbara , Griffiths Sarah
Published: June 2024

Chronic wounds present a significant socioeconomic burden forecasted to increase in prevalence and cost. Minimally manipulated human placental tissues have been increasingly employed and proven to be advantageous in the treatment of chronic wounds, showing improved clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness. However, technological advances have been constrained by minimal manipulation and homologous use criteria. This study focuses on the characterization of a novel dehydrated human umbilical cord particulate (dHUCP) medical device, which offers a unique allogeneic technological advancement and the first human birth tissue device for wound management. Characterization analyses illustrated a complex extracellular matrix composition conserved in the dHUCP device compared to native umbilical cord, with abundant collagens and glycosaminoglycans imbibing an intricate porous scaffold. Dermal fibroblasts readily attached to the intact scaffold of the dHUCP device. Furthermore, the dHUCP device elicited a significant paracrine proliferative response in dermal fibroblasts, in contrast to fibrillar collagen, a prevalent wound device. Biocompatibility testing in a porcine full-thickness wound model showed resorption of the dHUCP device and normal granulation tissue maturation during healing. The dHUCP device is a promising advancement in wound management biomaterials, offering a unique combination of structural complexity adept for challenging wound topographies and a microenvironment supportive of tissue regeneration.
Improved Gut Health May Be a Potential Therapeutic Approach for Managing Prediabetes: A Literature Review
Authors: Dimba Nosipho Rosebud , Mzimela Nhlakanipho , Khathi Andile
Published: June 2024

Given the growing global threat and rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), addressing this metabolic disease is imperative. T2DM is preceded by prediabetes (PD), an intermediate hyperglycaemia that goes unnoticed for years in patients. Several studies have shown that gut microbial diversity and glucose homeostasis in PD or T2DM patients are affected. Therefore, this review aims to synthesize the existing literature to elucidate the association between high-calorie diets, intestinal permeability and their correlation with PD or T2DM. Moreover, it discusses the beneficial effects of different dietary interventions on improving gut health and glucose metabolism. The primary factor contributing to complications seen in PD or T2DM patients is the chronic consumption of high-calorie diets, which alters the gut microbial composition and increases the translocation of toxic substances from the intestinal lumen into the bloodstream. This causes an increase in inflammatory response that further impairs glucose regulation. Several dietary approaches or interventions have been implemented. However, only a few are currently in use and have shown promising results in improving beneficial microbiomes and glucose metabolism. Therefore, additional well-designed studies are still necessary to thoroughly investigate whether improving gut health using other types of dietary interventions can potentially manage or reverse PD, thereby preventing the onset of T2DM.
A De Novo CaSR Missense Variant in Combination with Two Inherited Missense Variants in CFTR and SPINK1 Detected in a Patient with Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Bontempo Piera , Surace Cecilia , Menale Lucia , Alicata Claudia , D’Elia Gemma , Tomaiuolo Anna Cristina , Minervino Daniele , Lorefice Elisa , Novelli Antonio
Published: June 2024

Chronic pancreatitis is often secondary to alcohol abuse, but pancreatitis with no other aetiology is frequently associated with variants in genes encoding proteins related to zymogen granule activation. Our goal was to identify genomic variants in a patient by analyzing an extended panel of genes associated with the intra-pancreatic activation of the trypsin pathway. A 23-year-old woman was addressed at our institution because of chronic pancreatitis of unknown aetiology presenting recurrent episodes since she was the age of four. Next Generation Sequencing was performed to analyze a panel of nine genes associated with pancreatitis (CaSR, CFTR, CPA1, CTRC, CTSB, KRT8, PRSS1, PRSS2, and SPINK1). Three missense variants were found: p.Leu997Phe, maternally inherited, in the CFTR gene; p.Ile73Phe, paternally inherited, in the SPINK1 gene; and p.Phe790Ser, a de novo variant, in the CaSR gene. They were classified, respectively as probably benign, a Variant of Uncertain Significance, and the last one, which has never been described in the literature, as likely being pathogenic following American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics standard guidelines. Extensive intra-pancreatic activation of trypsin pathway gene sequencing detected rare variants that were not found with other gene screening and showed that variants in different genes may interact in contributing to the onset of the pancreatitis phenotype.
Research on Cable Tension Prediction Based on Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Hongbin , Hu Weihao
Published: June 2024

Conventional methods for calculating tension currently suffer from an excessive simplification of boundary conditions and a vague definition of effective cable length, both of which cause inaccurate cable tension calculations. Therefore, this study utilizes bridge field data to establish a BP neural network for tension prediction, with design cable length, line density, and frequency as the input parameters and with cable tension as the output parameter. After disregarding the selection of effective cable length and innovatively integrating the particle swarm optimization–back propagation (PSO-BP) neural network for tension prediction, it is found that the MAPE between the predicted results of the BP neural network and the actual tension values is 7.93%. After optimization using the particle swarm optimization algorithm, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the neural network prediction is reduced to 2.78%. Both of these values significantly outperform those obtained from the theoretical equations of string vibration. Moreover, the MAPE of PSO-BP also surpasses that of the optimized calculation formulas in the literature. Utilizing the PSO-BP neural network for tension prediction avoids inaccuracies in tension calculation caused by an excessive simplification of boundary conditions and a vague definition of effective cable length; thus, it possesses certain engineering practical value.
Research on Tunnel Boring Machine Tunnel Water Disaster Detection and Radar Echo Signal Processing
Authors: Lu Gaoming , Ma Yan , Zhang Qian , Wang Jianfei , Du Lijie , Hao Guoqing
Published: June 2024

This study focused on the detection of water inrush in tunnels excavated by full-section hard rock tunnel boring machines (TBMs) and employed ground penetrating radar methods for conducting research on radar signal processing algorithms. The research demonstrates that conventional techniques are inadequate for eliminating the interference of TBM equipment on radar signal propagation. This study employs a radar antenna array method for signal transmission, utilizing a wavelet double-threshold filtering algorithm and wave propagation theory to suppress clutter. These methods exhibit strong signal reception capabilities and are effective in eliminating 13.1% of the direct wave components. The adoption of a novel, efficient radar signal imaging algorithm simplifies the imaging process. Results of verification indicate that the synthetic aperture algorithm, enhanced with cross-correlation calculation, yields the optimal imaging effect. This investigation, which was conducted in conjunction with the construction of a diversion tunnel in a specific region, has confirmed the applicability of the ground penetrating radar method for the detection of water inrush in TBM tunnels by conducting a comparative analysis of the direct wave removal algorithm and the integration of the optimal imaging algorithm. The innovative application of ground penetrating radar within TBM tunnels, along with a targeted technology to mitigate signal interference from metal equipment, has led to the selection of an appropriate algorithm for both signal processing and imaging. This approach offers a novel solution for the detection of water source disasters in TBM tunnels.
Quantitative Analysis of Chlorogenic Acid during Coffee Roasting via Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Herdt Deborah , Teumer Tobias , Keck Shaun Paul , Kunz Thomas , Schiwek Victoria , Kühnemuth Sarah , Methner Frank-Jürgen , Rädle Matthias
Published: June 2024

Tracking coffee roasting at an industrial scale for quality control is challenging. Bean color is a practical gauge for monitoring and regulating the process but only occurs before and after the process. This study highlights the feasibility of monitoring the process throughout using Raman spectroscopy. Strecker degradation and the Maillard reaction contribute to various aromatic compounds that can serve as markers in quality monitoring. Among these are chlorogenic acids (CGAs), recognized as pivotal factors determining the desired aroma. Here, drum and fluidized bed roaster processes were monitored, capitalizing on the chemical alterations induced by high temperatures (140–200 °C), particularly through the Maillard reaction. These chemical changes manifest in the scattered light signal. For real-time monitoring, Raman spectra were taken every 10 ms in selected ranges, with an average calculated every second. Utilizing a calibration matrix from a High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method, CGA concentration becomes the control variable for assessing roasting progress. This study reveals the potential of Raman spectroscopy for tracking CGA during roasting. It establishes a correlation between inelastic scattered light and CGA validated through laboratory measurements and fixed roasting conditions, resulting in a theoretical CGA concentration that can be used as a process termination criterion.
SnO2 Nanowire/MoS2 Nanosheet Composite Gas Sensor in Self-Heating Mode for Selective and ppb-Level Detection of NO2 Gas
Authors: Kim Jin-Young , Mirzaei Ali , Kim Jae-Hun
Published: June 2024

The development of low-cost and low-power gas sensors for reliable NO2 gas detection is important due to the highly toxic nature of NO2 gas. Herein, initially, SnO2 nanowires (NWs) were synthesized through a simple vapor–liquid–solid growth mechanism. Subsequently, different amounts of SnO2 NWs were composited with MoS2 nanosheets (NSs) to fabricate SnO2 NWs/MoS2 NS nanocomposite gas sensors for NO2 gas sensing. The operation of the sensors in self-heating mode at 1–3.5 V showed that the sensor with 20 wt.% SnO2 (SM-20 nanocomposite) had the highest response of 13 to 1000 ppb NO2 under 3.2 V applied voltage. Furthermore, the SM-20 nanocomposite gas sensor exhibited high selectivity and excellent long-term stability. The enhanced NO2 gas response was ascribed to the formation of n-n heterojunctions between SnO2 NWs and MoS2, high surface area, and the presence of some voids in the SM-20 composite gas sensor due to having different morphologies of SnO2 NWs and MoS2 NSs. It is believed that the present strategy combining MoS2 and SnO2 with different morphologies and different sensing properties is a good approach to realize high-performance NO2 gas sensors with merits such as simple synthesis and fabrication procedures, low cost, and low power consumption, which are currently in demand in the gas sensor market.
Key Informant Views of the Determinants of Child Labour Maltreatment
Authors: Ahad Md. Abdul , Parry Yvonne Karen , Willis Eileen , Ullah Shahid
Published: June 2024

(1) Background: The maltreatment of child labourers is a major public health concern. There is a dearth of research in Bangladesh on the intentional maltreatment of child labourers. This study explored the risk factors for the maltreatment of child labourers in rural Bangladesh based on the knowledge and understanding of experts; (2) Methods: Seventeen interviews were conducted with experts who were sampled using a purposeful approach. A thematic analysis was performed to analyse data using NVivo; (3) Results: Child labourers were exposed to maltreatment due to their demographic, their young age, dropping out of school, health complications, and excessive dependency on employers. Socio-cultural adversities such as corporal punishment practices, social stratification, and family disorganization pose risks of experiencing maltreatment. Economic poverty is also a factor. Child labourers were found to be victimized if they worked in violence prone sectors. Significantly, the unregulated market structure and the lack of monitoring has also led to the exploitation of children in the workplace. Gaps in public policies were also identified as risk factor for the maltreatment of child labourers; (4) Conclusion: There is a need for adequate evidence-based research on the determinants of the maltreatment of child labourers to formulate adequate policy.
Does the esv3587290 Copy Number Variation in the VANGL1 Gene Differ as a Genetic Factor for Developing Nephritis in Mexican Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients?
Authors: Alcántara-Ortigoza Miguel , Rodríguez-Lozano Ana , Estandía-Ortega Bernardette , González-del Angel Ariadna , Díaz-García Luisa , Rivas-Larrauri Francisco , Nájera-Velázquez Ruth
Published: June 2024

A ~3-kb deletion-type DNA copy number variation (CNV, esv3587290) located at intron 7 of the VANGL1 gene (1p13.1, MIM*610132) has been proposed as a genetic factor in lupus nephritis (LN) development in adult systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients across European-descent populations, but its replication in other ethnicities has been inconsistent and its association with LN in childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) remains unknown. Here, we performed an exploratory association study in a sample of 66 unrelated cSLE Mexican patients (11 males, 55 females; ages 7.8 to 18.6 years). Two stratified groups were compared: cSLE patients with (N = 39) or without (N = 27) LN, as diagnosed by renal biopsy (N = 17), proteinuria (N = 33), urinary protein–creatinine ratio > 0.2 (N = 34), and erythrocyturia and/or granular casts in urinary sediment (N = 16). For esv3587290 CNV genotyping, we performed an end-point PCR assay with breakpoint confirmation using Sanger sequencing. We also determined the allelic frequencies of the esv3587290 CNV in 181 deidentified ethnically matched individuals (reference group). The obtained genotypes were tested for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium using the χ2 test. Associations between LN and esv3587290 CNV were tested by calculating the odds ratio (OR) and using Pearson’s χ2 tests, with a 95% confidence interval and p ≤ 0.05. The esv3587290 CNV allele (OR 0.108, 95% CI 0.034–0.33, p = 0.0003) and the heterozygous genotype (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.119–0.9811, p = 0.002) showed a significant protective effect against LN development. Finally, we characterized the precise breakpoint of the esv3587290 CNV to be NG_016548.1(NM_138959.3):c.1314+1339_1315-897del in our population. This report supports the notion that a broad genetic heterogeneity underlies the susceptibility for developing LN.
Antimelanoma Effects of Alchemilla vulgaris: A Comprehensive In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Authors: Jelača Sanja , Jovanovic Ivan , Bovan Dijana , Pavlovic Sladjana , Gajovic Nevena , Dunđerović Duško , Dajić-Stevanović Zora , Acović Aleksandar , Mijatović Sanja , Maksimović-Ivanić Danijela
Published: June 2024

Due to the rich ethnobotanical and growing evidence-based medicine records, the Alchemillae herba, i.e., the upper parts of the Lady’s mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris L.), was used for the assessment of antimelanoma activity. The ethanolic extract of A. vulgaris strongly suppressed the viability of B16F1, B16F10, 518A2, and Fem-X cell lines. In contrast to the in vitro study, where the B16F1 cells were more sensitive to the treatment than the more aggressive counterpart B16F10, the results obtained in vivo using the corresponding syngeneic murine model were quite the opposite. The higher sensitivity of B16F10 tumors in vivo may be attributed to a more complex response to the extract compared to one triggered in vitro. In addition, the strong immunosuppressive microenvironment in the B16F1 model is impaired by the treatment, as evidenced by enhanced antigen-presenting potential of dendritic cells, influx and activity of CD4+ T and CD8+ T lymphocytes, decreased presence of T regulatory lymphocytes, and attenuation of anti-inflammatory cytokine production. All these effects are supported by the absence of systemic toxicity. A. vulgaris extract treatment results in a sustained and enhanced ability to reduce melanoma growth, followed by the restoration of innate and adopted antitumor immunity without affecting the overall physiology of the host.
Primary Malignant Melanoma of The Endocervix Uteri and Outpatient Hysteroscopy as a Diagnostic Tool: Case Report and Literature Overview
Authors: Dealberti Davide , Bosoni David , Spissu Federica , Pisani Carla , Pizio Corinna , Nappi Luigi , Sorrentino Felice , Carlucci Stefania , Stabile Guglielmo
Published: June 2024

Mucosal malignant melanoma has a low incidence and only 2% are diagnosed in the gynecological tract. Diagnosis of primary cervical malignant melanoma is often challenging. The clinical presentation mimics other malignant cervical tumors, usually with abnormal bleeding or discharge. Cervical screening tests, such as cytology, often fail to detect malignant melanomas because of the rarity of the disorder, and histological evaluation of lesions is of paramount importance. The treatment is often based on regimens used for cutaneous malignant melanoma. We present the first case in the literature of primary malignant melanoma of the endocervix diagnosed by outpatient hysteroscopy and we have performed a narrative review of the literature on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science from 1980 to December 2023, identifying 137 cases. The most common initial symptom was vaginal bleeding in 82.8% of cases, and 84.8% of patients were menopausal at the time of diagnosis. The first diagnostic modality was biopsy in 67.7%; 90% of patients underwent surgery and 64.5% of the deaths occurred within the first 12 months after diagnosis. Primary malignant melanoma of the cervix is extremely rare and difficult to diagnose at an early stage which is due to the aggressiveness of the disease and the non-specificity of the symptoms. To improve survival, early diagnosis is essential and hysteroscopy could be a useful tool in achieving it. It is crucial to increase the attention of gynecologists on primary malignant melanoma of the cervix to also perform a diagnostic hysteroscopy in case of doubtful symptoms.
A Study on the Distribution Dynamics, Regional Disparities, and Convergence of China’s Energy Transition
Authors: Tian Peifang , Gao Zhiyuan , Hao Yu
Published: June 2024

Energy transition, as a crucial aspect of the country’s high-value-added economic development, involves the construction of an energy transition index system and empirical analysis using methods such as the entropy weighting method, kernel density estimation, Markov chain, Dagum Gini coefficient, σ-convergence, and β-convergence. This study measures the level of energy transition in 280 Chinese cities from 2010 to 2019 and analyzes their evolutionary trends, regional disparities, structural differences, and convergence. The findings reveal that China’s energy transition generally exhibits characteristics of “improvement in development levels and reduction in absolute disparities”. The disparities in energy transition primarily stem from developmental differences among the three major regions, displaying typical σ-convergence and β-convergence characteristics. This analysis contributes to understanding the real level and distribution features of China’s energy transition, providing a basis for identifying focal points for enhancing energy transition in the current and future stages.
Quantitative Analysis of Fracture Roughness and Multi-Field Effects for CO2-ECBM Projects
Authors: Zhang Lingshuo , Shan Yafei
Published: June 2024

Carbon Dioxide-Enhanced Coalbed Methane (CO2-ECBM), a progressive technique for extracting coalbed methane, substantially boosts gas recovery and simultaneously reduces greenhouse gas emissions. In this process, the dynamics of coalbed fractures, crucial for CO2 and methane migration, significantly affect carbon storage and methane retrieval. However, the extent to which fracture roughness, under the coupled thermal-hydro-mechanic effects, impacts engineering efficiency remains ambiguous. Addressing this, our study introduces a pioneering, cross-disciplinary mathematical model. This model innovatively quantifies fracture roughness, incorporating it with gas flow dynamics under multifaceted field conditions in coalbeds. This comprehensive approach examines the synergistic impact of CO2 and methane adsorption/desorption, their pressure changes, adsorption-induced coalbed stress, ambient stress, temperature variations, deformation, and fracture roughness. Finite element analysis of the model demonstrates its alignment with real-world data, precisely depicting fracture roughness in coalbed networks. The application of finite element analysis to the proposed mathematical model reveals that (1) fracture roughness ξ markedly influences residual coalbed methane and injected CO2 pressures; (2) coalbed permeability and porosity are inversely proportional to ξ; and (3) adsorption/desorption reactions are highly sensitive to ξ. This research offers novel insights into fracture behavior quantification in coalbed methane extraction engineering.
Application of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Immunoassay for the Detection of Adrenoceptor Agonists
Authors: Wang Yao , Jing Yubing , Cao Jinbo , Sun Yingying , Guo Kaitong , Chen Xiujin , Li Zhaozhou , Shi Qiaoqiao , Hu Xiaofei
Published: June 2024

Rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection of adrenoceptor agonists is a significant research topic in the fields of food safety and public health. Immunoassays are among the most widely used methods for detecting adrenoceptor agonists. In recent years, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with immunoassay (SERS-IA) has become an effective technique for improving detection sensitivity. This review focuses on the innovation of Raman reporter molecules and substrate materials for the SERS-IA of adrenoceptor agonists. In addition, it also investigates the challenges involved in potentially applying SERS-IA in the detection of adrenoceptor agonists. Overall, this review provides insight into the design and application of SERS-IA for the detection of adrenoceptor agonists, which is critical for animal-derived food safety and public health.
Chemical Profile and Aroma Effects of Major Volatile Compounds in New Mulberry Leaf Fu Brick Tea and Traditional Fu Brick Tea
Authors: Deng Yuezhao , Li Cheng , Chen Yineng , Zou Zhuoyang , Gong Junyao , Shen Chengwen , Fang Kui
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to investigate the aroma effects of key volatile compounds in a new type of mulberry leaf Fu brick teas (MTs) and traditional Fu brick teas (FTs). Headspace solid–phase microextraction (HS-SPME), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), sensory evaluation, and chemometrics were used to determine the differences in key flavour qualities between the two. The results showed that a total of 139 volatile components were identified, with aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols dominating. Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) combined with the odour activity value (OAV) showed that seven aroma compounds had an OAV > 10, including 2-(4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl) propan-2-ol with floral and fruity aroma and green attributes, 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one, (E)-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-Undecadien-2-one, (3E,5E)-octa-3,5-dien-2-one, Benzaldehyde, and (E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol, which were more abundant in MTs than FTs; Cedrol with sweet aroma attributes was more consistent in MTs than FTs, and we suggest that these odour compounds are important aroma contributors to MTs. Taken together, these findings will provide new insights into the mechanism of formation of the characteristic attributes of aroma in MTs.
Potential Prebiotic Effect of Inulin-Enriched Pasta after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion and Simulated Gut Fermentation
Authors: Bavaro Anna Rita , Di Biase Mariaelena , Linsalata Vito , D’Antuono Isabella , Di Stefano Vita , Lonigro Stella Lisa , Garbetta Antonella , Valerio Francesca , Melilli Maria Grazia , Cardinali Angela
Published: June 2024

In the current study, the prebiotic potential of an innovative functional pasta enriched with 12% (w/w) inulin was investigated. To this aim, pasta was subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion followed by simulated gut fermentation compared to the control pasta (CTRL) not containing inulin. The incorporation of inulin positively (p < 0.05) affected some organoleptic traits and the cooking quality of the final product, giving an overall score significantly higher than CTRL. The resultant essential amino acid content was similar in both pasta samples while the total protein content was lower in inulin-enriched pasta for the polymer substitution to durum wheat flour. The prebiotic potential of chicory inulin was preliminarily tested in in vitro experiments using seven probiotic strains and among them Lacticaseibacillus paracasei IMPC2.1 was selected for the simulated gut fermentation studies. The positive prebiotic activity score registered with the probiotic strain suggested the suitability of the inulin-enriched pasta with respect to acting as a prebiotic source favoring the growth of the probiotic strain and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. The present study contributes to broadening knowledge on the prebiotic efficacy of inulin when incorporated into a complex food matrix.
Special Issue: Probiotic Potential of Isolated Cultures from Spontaneously or Naturally Fermented Food Products
Authors: Mutukumira Anthony N. , Todorov Svetoslav Dimitrov
Published: June 2024

Fermentation is probably the oldest ancient tradition used by indigenous inhabitants for the preservation of food [...]
Nordic Walking as a Non-Pharmacological Intervention for Chronic Pain and Fatigue: Systematic Review
Authors: González-Devesa Daniel , Varela Silvia , Sanchez-Lastra Miguel Adriano , Ayán Carlos
Published: June 2024

Objective: We aimed to analyze and summarize the available scientific evidence on the benefits of Nordic walking for people with chronic pain and fatigue. Literature Survey: This systematic review adhered to PRISMA guidelines and conducted a comprehensive search across five databases using the PICO strategy. Methodology: Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized trials evaluating Nordic walking for pain and fatigue. Two authors independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality using the PEDro scale. Synthesis: A total of 14 studies were included, with sample sizes ranging from 20 to 136 participants. The methodological quality of the included studies varied from fair (five studies) to good (nine studies). The interventions consisted of supervised Nordic walking sessions lasting 6 to 24 weeks, with a frequency of 2 to 4 days per week and duration of 25 to 75 min. The results of this review suggest that Nordic walking had beneficial effects in six of the eight studies that analyzed participant fatigue. However, Nordic walking did not show greater beneficial effects on fatigue than walking (two studies) or than not performing physical activity (one study). Additionally, six of the nine studies that examined the effects of Nordic walking on participants’ perceptions of pain showed beneficial results. However, five studies that compared Nordic walking with control groups did not find any significant inter-group differences on pain. Conclusions: Based on our findings, Nordic walking exercise programs provide a potentially efficient method for alleviating pain and fatigue in people with chronic conditions. Its straightforwardness and ease of learning make it accessible to a broad spectrum of participants, which can result in higher adherence rates and lasting positive effects.
Effects of Salinity on ‘Fino 95’ Lemon Trees Inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
Authors: Navarro Josefa M. , Pérez-Tornero Olaya , Morte Asunción
Published: June 2024

An experiment was conducted with two-year-old ‘Fino 95’ lemon plants (Citrus limon Burm. f. cv. Fino) grafted on C. macrophylla (Citrus macrophylla Wester) to study the effects of salinity on plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Half of the inoculated (+AM) and non-inoculated (−AM) plants were irrigated with half-strength Hoagland solution, and the remainder were inoculated with half-strength Hoagland solution + 30 mM NaCl. Ninety-eight days later, results showed that AMF had alleviated the negative effect of salinity on growth. Inoculation with AMF provided some protection against the damage that salinity caused on cellular membranes and improved the plant water status and turgor under saline conditions (Ψx and Π increased by 16% and 48%, respectively). The responses of mineral nutrition to salinity and AMF treatments were complex. P concentrations in the leaves and roots of +AM plants were lower than in those of −AM plants, but inoculation improved Ca2+ (by 20%), Mg2+ (24%), Fe2+ (21%), and Zn2+ (7%) nutrition in roots and also the Mg2+/Na+ ratio in leaves (33%), reducing the antagonistic effect of Na+ on Mg2+ nutrition in salt-treated plants. AMF could protect plants against salt stress through the maintenance of the gas exchange capacity and due to a better antioxidant response. All these positive effects of AMF contributed to mitigating the harmful effects of salinity stress on the plant growth performance of lemon trees grafted on C. macrophylla rootstock under salinity conditions.
Synergistic Effects of Salicylic Acid and Bacillus butanolivorans KJ40 for Enhancing Napa Cabbage (Brassica napa subsp. pekinensis) Resilience to Water-Deficit Stress
Authors: Kim Sang Tae , Sang Mee Kyung
Published: June 2024

Climate change exacerbates drought, globally impacting crop production and necessitating the adoption of sustainable strategies. This study investigates the potential synergistic effects of salicylic acid (SA) and Bacillus butanolivorans KJ40 (KJ40) on napa cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) under water-deficit stress conditions by watering withheld for five days. Results demonstrate that the combined application of KJ40 and SA, particularly at concentrations of 0.5 mM and 1 mM, significantly enhances plant growth and mitigates the negative impacts of water deficit. Moreover, the combination treatment with SA (0.5 mM) and KJ40 (1 × 108 cells/mL) reduces lipid oxidation and enhances antioxidant enzyme activity, indicating improved plant stress tolerance. Analysis of soil microbial profiles reveals alterations in metabolic activity and substrate utilization patterns, suggesting potential changes in rhizosphere dynamics. Additionally, this study examines the impact of SA on KJ40 population dynamics in soil, revealing concentration-dependent effects on bacterial survival. Overall, the combination of KJ40 and SA was effective in mitigating water-deficit stress in napa cabbage. These findings highlight the combination as a novel synergistic strategy to enhance plant resilience to water-deficit stress, offering insights into plant–microbe interactions and soil ecosystem dynamics.
Electronic and Steric Effects on Oxygen Reactivities of NiFeSe Complexes Related to O2-Damaged [NiFeSe]-Hydrogenases’ Active Site
Authors: Qiao Yuchen , Xu Enting , Hao Yameng , Yang Xuemei , Ni Ming
Published: June 2024

Hydrogen has the potential to serve as a new energy resource, reducing greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. Natural hydrogenases exhibit impressive catalytic abilities for hydrogen production, but they often lack oxygen tolerance. Oxygen-tolerant hydrogenases can work under oxygen by reacting with oxygen to form inactive states, which can be reactivated to catalytic states by oxygen atom removal. Herein, we synthesized three NiFeSe complexes: (NiSe(CH3)FeCp, NiSe(CH3)FeCp* and NiSe(PhNMe2)FeCp) with features of active sites of [NiFeSe]-H2ases, which are the oxygen-tolerant hydrogenases, and we investigated the influence of electronic and steric factors on the oxygen reaction of these “biomimetic” complexes. In our research, we found that they react with oxygen, forming 1-oxygen species, which is related to the O2-damaged [NiFeSe] active site. Through a comparative analysis of oxygen reactions, we have discovered that electronic factors and steric hindrance on Se play a significant role in determining the oxygen reactivity of NiFe complexes related to hydrogenases’ active sites.