bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights into the Evolution of Host Association through the Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Human Periodontal Pathobiont,Desulfobulbus oralis
Authors: Cross Karissa L. , Chirania Payal , Xiong Weili , Beall Clifford J. , Elkins James G. , Giannone Richard J. , Griffen Ann L. , Guss Adam M. , Hettich Robert L. , Joshi Snehal S. , Mokrzan Elaine M. , Martin Roman K. , Zhulin Igor B. , Leys Eugene J. , Podar Mircea
Published: March 2018

The human oral microbiota encompasses representatives of many bacterial lineages that have not yet been cultured. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of previously unculturedDesulfobulbus oralis, the first human-associated representative of its genus. As mammalian-associated microbes rarely have free-living close relatives,D. oralisprovides opportunities to study how bacteria adapt and evolve within a host. This sulfate-reducing deltaproteobacterium has adapted to the human oral subgingival niche by curtailing its physiological repertoire, losing some biosynthetic abilities and metabolic independence, and by dramatically reducing environmental sensing and signaling capabilities. The genes that enable free-livingDesulfobulbusto synthesize the potent neurotoxin methylmercury were also lost byD. oralis, a notably positive outcome of host association. However, horizontal gene acquisitions from other members of the microbiota provided novel mechanisms of interaction with the human host, including toxins like leukotoxin and hemolysins. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed that most of those factors are actively expressed, including in the subgingival environment, and some are secreted. Similar to other known oral pathobionts,D. oraliscan trigger a proinflammatory response in oral epithelial cells, suggesting a direct role in the development of periodontal disease.

IMPORTANCEAnimal-associated microbiota likely assembled as a result of numerous independent colonization events by free-living microbes followed by coevolution with their host and other microbes. Through specific adaptation to various body sites and physiological niches, microbes have a wide range of contributions, from beneficial to disease causing.Desulfobulbus oralisprovides insights into genomic and physiological transformations associated with transition from an open environment to a host-dependent lifestyle and the emergence of pathogenicity. Through a multifaceted mechanism triggering a proinflammatory response,D. oralisis a novel periodontal pathobiont. Even though culture-independent approaches can provide insights into the potential role of the human microbiome “dark matter,” cultivation and experimental characterization remain important to studying the roles of individual organisms in health and disease.
Drug-Associated Risk Tool: development and validation of a self-assessment questionnaire to screen for hospitalised patients at risk for drug-related problems
Authors: Kaufmann Carole P , Stämpfli Dominik , Mory Nadine , Hersberger Kurt E , Lampert Markus L
Published: March 2018

Introduction

Identifying patients with a high risk for drug-related problems (DRPs) might optimise the allocation of targeted pharmaceutical care during the hospital stay and on discharge.

Objective

To develop a self-assessment screening tool to identify patients at risk for DRPs and validate the tool regarding feasibility, acceptability and the reliability of the patients’ answers.

Design

Prospective validation study.

Setting

Two mid-sized hospitals (300–400 beds).

Participants

195 patients, exclusion criteria: under 18 years old, patients with a health status not allowing a meaningful communication (eg, delirium, acute psychosis, advanced dementia, aphasia, clouded consciousness state), palliative or terminally ill patients.

Methods

Twenty-seven risk factors for the development of DRPs, identified in a previous study, provided the basis of the self-assessment questionnaire, the Drug-Associated Risk Tool (DART). Consenting patients filled in DART, and we compared their answers with objective patient data from medical records and laboratory data.

Results

One hundred and sixty-four patients filled in DART V.1.0 in an average time of 7 min. After a first validation, we identified statements with a low sensitivity and revised the wording of the questions related to heart insufficiency, renal impairment or liver impairment. The revised DART (V.2.0) was validated in 31 patients presenting heart insufficiency, renal impairment or liver impairment as comorbidity and reached an average specificity of 88% (range 27–100) and an average sensitivity of 67% (range 21–100).

Conclusions

DART showed a satisfying feasibility and reliability. The specificity of the statements was mostly high. The sensitivity varied and was higher in statements concerning diseases that require regular disease control and attention to self-care and drug management. Asking patients about their conditions, medications and related problems can facilitate getting a first, broad picture of the risk for DRPs and possible pharmaceutical needs.
Effects of family group conferences among high-risk patients of chronic disability and their significant others: study protocol for a multicentre controlled trial
Authors: Hillebregt Chantal F , Scholten Eline W M , Ketelaar Marjolijn , Post Marcel W M , Visser-Meily Johanna M A
Published: March 2018

Introduction

Many patients and family members experience a large gap between the protected environment during inpatient medical rehabilitation and life in the community after discharge. They feel insufficiently prepared to cope with the consequences of their disability in daily life. This study protocol describes the design measuring the effectiveness and implementation of family group conferences on the empowerment of patients with a high risk of chronic disability and their significant others.

Methods and analysis

A multicentre controlled trial will be carried out in 12 rehabilitation centres in the Netherlands. A total of 328 clinically admitted patients will participate (≥18 years, diagnosed with acquired brain injury, spinal cord injury or leg amputation), and their significant others will be included. During three family group conferences, supported by the social worker, the patient, significant other and their social network will be stimulated in collaboration, to set up participation goals, determine the needed help and make a concrete action plan. Self-reported questionnaires will be collected at baseline, clinical discharge, and 3 months and 6 months following clinical discharge. Empowerment as the primary outcome is operationalised as self-efficacy and participation. Secondary outcome measures are psychological (eg, coping, neuroticism) and environmental (eg, family functioning, social support) factors. This is the first controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of family group conferences in rehabilitation medicine among adult patients and their significant others, providing us with knowledge in improving rehabilitation care.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the University Medical Center Utrecht (number 15–617/C). The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented in local, national and international conferences.

Trial registration number

NTR5742; Pre-results.
Feasibility of real-time capture of routine clinical data in the electronic health record: a hospital-based, observational service-evaluation study
Authors: Bodagh Neil , Archbold R Andrew , Weerackody Roshan , Hawking Meredith K D , Barnes Michael R , Lee Aaron M , Janjuha Surjeet , Gutteridge Charles , Robson John , Timmis Adam
Published: March 2018

Objectives

The electronic health record (EHR) is underused in the hospital setting. The aim of this service evaluation study was to respond to National Health Service (NHS) Digital’s ambition for a paperless NHS by capturing routinely collected cardiac outpatient data in the EHR to populate summary patient reports and provide a resource for audit and research.

Design

A PowerForm template was developed within the Cerner EHR, for real-time entry of routine clinical data by clinicians attending a cardiac outpatient clinic. Data captured within the PowerForm automatically populated a SmartTemplate to generate a view-only report that was immediately available for the patient and for electronic transmission to the referring general practitioner (GP).

Results

During the first 8 months, the PowerForm template was used in 61% (360/594) of consecutive outpatient referrals increasing from 42% to 77% during the course of the study. Structured patient reports were available for immediate sharing with the referring GP using Cerner Health Information Exchange technology while electronic transmission was successfully developed in a substudy of 64 cases, with direct delivery by the NHS Data Transfer Service in 29 cases and NHS mail in the remainder. In feedback, the report’s immediate availability was considered very or extremely important by >80% of the patients and GPs who were surveyed. Both groups reported preference of the patient report to the conventional typed letter. Deidentified template data for all 360 patients were successfully captured within the Trust system, confirming availability of these routinely collected outpatient data for audit and research.

Conclusion

Electronic template development tailored to the requirements of a specialist outpatient clinic facilitates capture of routinely collected data within the Cerner EHR. These data can be made available for audit and research. They can also be used to enhance communication by populating structured reports for immediate delivery to patients and GPs.
The role of clothing in participation of persons with a physical disability: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Esmail Alida , Poncet Frédérique , Rochette Annie , Auger Claudine , Billebaud Christophe , de Guise Élaine , Ducharme Isabelle , Kehayia Eva , Labbé Delphine , Dahan-Oliel Noémi , Lessard Isabelle , Vermeersch Olivier , Swaine Bonnie
Published: March 2018

Introduction

Clothing is an important aspect of nearly all human societies from performing social and cultural functions to indicating social status, a form of protection and a way for self-expression. It can help or hinder the ability to fulfil everyday activities and social roles and with the rising industry of wearable technologies, smart textiles are adding health-monitoring functions to clothing. The influence that clothing can have on the life of someone with a physical disability is significant, and further research is needed to understand it better. To achieve this, a scoping review will be performed with the aim of understanding the role of clothing in participation (ie, at home, in the community, etc) of individuals with a physical disability. This article presents the protocol and procedure to be adopted.

Methods and analysis

An in-depth iterative analysis of the scientific literature from six databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO and ERIC) as well as a hand search of grey literature and reference lists will be performed. After an abstract and full-text review of references by three reviewers independently, data from the selected articles will be tabulated and synthesised with a qualitative and quantitative approach using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a unifying conceptual framework. A multidisciplinary consultation group of experts from various stakeholder groups will be involved in multiple steps to ensure validation and relevance of the data.

Ethics and dissemination

As this is a review involving analysis of data available in the public domain and does not involve human participants, ethical approval was not required. Results will be presented in a co-constructed format with the expert consultation group to ensure validity and maximise its practicality moving forward. Our dissemination plan includes peer-reviewed publications, presentations and stakeholder meetings.
Ultrasound evaluation of the respiratory changes of the inferior vena cava and axillary vein diameter at rest and during positive pressure ventilation in spontaneously breathing healthy volunteers
Authors: Molokoane-Mokgoro Keamogetswe , Goldstein Lara Nicole , Wells Mike
Published: March 2018

Introduction

Ultrasound assessment of the inferior vena cava (IVC) has gained favour in aiding fluid management decisions for controlled, mechanically ventilated patients as well as in non-mechanically ventilated, spontaneously breathing patients. Its utility in spontaneously breathing patients during positive pressure non-invasive ventilation has not yet been determined. The use of the axillary vein, as an alternative option to the IVC due to its ease of accessibility and independence from intra-abdominal pressure, has also not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess respiratory variation in IVC and axillary vein diameters in spontaneously breathing participants (Collapsibility Index) and with the application of increasing positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) via positive pressure non-invasive ventilation (Distensibility Index).

Methods

The IVC and axillary vein diameters of 28 healthy adult volunteers were measured, using ultrasound, at baseline and with increasing PEEP via non-invasive ventilation. The Collapsibility Index and Distensibility Index of these vessels were calculated and compared for each vessel. The association between increasing PEEP levels and the indices was evaluated.

Results

Positive pressure delivered via non-invasive ventilation produced a similar degree of diameter change in the IVC and the axillary vein, that is, the Distensibility Index was similar whether measured in the IVC or the axillary vein (P=0.21, 0.47 and 0.17 at baseline, 5 and 10 cmH2O PEEP, respectively). Individual study participants’ IVC and axillary veins, however, had variable responses to PEEP; that is, there appeared to be no consistent relationship between PEEP and the diameter changes.

Conclusion

While the axillary vein could potentially be used as an alternative vessel to the IVC to assess for volume responsiveness in controlled, mechanically ventilated patients as well as in non-mechanically ventilated, spontaneously breathing patients, neither vein should be used to guide fluid management decisions in spontaneously breathing patients during positive pressure non-invasive ventilation.
Chickpea supplementation prior to colitis onset reduces inflammation in dextran sodium sulfate-treated C57Bl/6 male mice
Authors: Monk Jennifer M. , Wu Wenqing , McGillis Laurel H. , Wellings Hannah R. , Hutchinson Amber L. , Liddle Danyelle M. , Graf Daniela , Robinson Lindsay E. , Power Krista A.
Published: March 2018

The potential for a chickpea-supplemented diet (rich in fermentable nondigestible carbohydrates and phenolic compounds) to modify the colonic microenvironment and attenuate the severity of acute colonic inflammation was investigated. C57Bl/6 male mice were fed a control basal diet or basal diet supplemented with 20% cooked chickpea flour for 3 weeks prior to acute colitis onset induced by 7-day exposure to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS; 2% w/v in drinking water) and colon and serum levels of inflammatory mediators were assessed. Despite an equal degree of DSS-induced epithelial barrier histological damage and clinical symptoms between dietary groups, biomarkers of the ensuing inflammatory response were attenuated by chickpea pre-feeding, including reduced colon tissue activation of nuclear factor kappa B and inflammatory cytokine production (tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin (IL)-18). Additionally, colon protein expression of anti-inflammatory (IL-10) and epithelial repair (IL-22 and IL-27) cytokines were increased by chickpea pre-feeding. Furthermore, during acute colitis, chickpea pre-feeding increased markers of enhanced colonic function, including Relmβ and IgA gene expression. Collectively, chickpea pre-feeding modulated the baseline function of the colonic microenvironment, whereby upon induction of acute colitis, the severity of the inflammatory response was attenuated.
A multifaceted investigation into the effects of acute exercise on indices of brain function
Authors: Walsh Jeremy J.
Published: March 2018

Participation in regular exercise is important for the maintenance and improvement of brain health across the lifespan. These beneficial effects are realized almost immediately, as a single bout of exercise transiently improves cognitive function after cessation from exercise. This postexercise time period represents an opportunity to strategically prescribe cognitively stimulating activities for enhancing brain plasticity and function. Mechanistically, acute exercise is proposed to upregulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and increase regional activation and arousal of brain areas involved in cognitive control; however, the specific mechanisms underlying this facilitation are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to (i) investigate BDNF responses to small muscle mass exercise to probe a potential mechanism of BDNF release during exercise; (ii) create and validate an equipment-free exercise protocol for use in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, with the eventual goal of investigating brain responses during exercise that may underlie improved cognition; and (iii) determine the effect of a very brief bout of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on neuroelectric indices of reinforcement learning in young adults. Serum BDNF, platelet, and the amount of BDNF per platelet responses were measured following short-duration, maximal effort and long-duration, submaximal effort forearm handgrip exercise. We assessed the magnitude and reliability of metabolic responses to a novel whole-body isometric contraction (WBI) exercise protocol. We also characterized the amount of head movement created by WBI. The event-related potential component associated with reward-based learning was assessed before and after a bout of HIIE. Forearm handgrip exercise significantly increased serum BDNF, platelets, and BDNF per platelet, suggesting the possibility of splenic and cellular contribution of BDNF in response to handgrip exercise. WBI reliably evokes metabolic responses that are similar in magnitude to previous in-MRI studies, and creates head movement suitable for MRI scanning. HIIE abolishes neuroelectric indices of reward learning, likely owing to incomplete recovery from exercise. These findings advance our understanding of neurochemical and neuroelectric responses to acute exercise and introduce a novel tool that stands to further elucidate the regional brain responses to exercise that may underlie enhanced cognition after exercise.
Impact of strain and dose of live yeast and yeast derivatives on in vitro ruminal fermentation of a high-grain diet at two pH levels
Authors: Jiao P.X. , He Z.X. , Ding S. , Walker N.D. , Cong Y.Y. , Liu F.Z. , Beauchemin K.A. , Yang W.Z.
Published: March 2018

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of live yeast (LY) or yeast derivatives (YD) on gas production (GP), dry matter (DM) disappearance (DMD), fermentation characteristics, and microbial profiles in batch culture. The study was a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement: 2 media pH × 5 yeasts × 4 dosages. An additional treatment of monensin (Mon) was added as a positive control for each pH level. Media pH was low (5.8) and high (6.5); the yeasts were three LY (LY1-3) and two YD (YD4-5); and doses were 0, 4 × 106, 8 × 106, and 1.6 × 107 cfu mL−1 for LY and 0, 15, 30, and 60 mg bottle−1 for YD. Substrate consisted of 10% silage and 90% concentrate (DM basis) and samples were incubated for 24 h. Media pH of 6.5 vs. 5.8, increased (P < 0.01) GP, DMD, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations but decreased (P < 0.01) NH3-N concentration and copy numbers of Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Selenomonas ruminantium. Increasing dose of LY2 linearly (P < 0.05) increased DMD. Total VFA concentration was greater with LY2 (P < 0.01) than LY3 and YD5 at pH 6.5. Overall, adding yeast products improved (P < 0.05) DMD at pH 5.8, and increased VFA concentration compared with Mon. These results indicate that in vitro GP and DMD of a high-grain diet varied with source and dose of yeast supplementation. Some yeast products have the potential to improve fermentation of feedlot diets when supplemented at appropriate doses.
In situ ruminal digestibility of red osier dogwood in finishing beef heifers
Authors: Gomaa W.M.S. , Wei L.Y. , Mosaad G.M. , Aamer H. , Alexander T.W. , Yang W.Z.
Published: March 2018

An in situ study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding red osier dogwood (ROD) on ruminal digestion of barley, ROD, and barley silage in beef heifers. Heifers were fed diets that varied by substituting ROD for barley silage at 0%, 3%, 7%, or 10%. Slowly degradable fraction and effective degradability (ED) of ROD crude protein (CP) linearly (P < 0.02) increased with increasing ROD. The ED of CP of barley and barley silage was reduced (P < 0.01) by feeding ROD. These results indicate that feeding ROD potentially reduces ruminal protein degradability, thereby improving protein efficiency.
Semi-synthesis and HPLC analysis of (bacterio)chlorophyllides possessing a propionic acid residue at the C17-position
Authors: Teramura Misato , Tamiaki Hitoshi
Published: March 2018

Various chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll derivatives possessing a magnesium or zinc atom at the central position and a free carboxylic acid group at the C17[Formula: see text]-position, also known as (bacterio)chlorophyllides, were synthesized through a combination of organic synthesis techniques and enzymatic steps. The semi-synthetic (bacterio)chlorophyllides were purified and analyzed using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. These free propionic acid-containing chlorophyllous pigments can be useful research materials for the study of (bacterio)chlorophyll metabolisms.
Eight weeks of nitrate supplementation improves blood flow and reduces the exaggerated pressor response during forearm exercise in peripheral artery disease
Authors: Kruse Nicholas T. , Ueda Kenichi , Hughes William E. , Casey Darren P.
Published: March 2018

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is characterized by a reduced blood flow (BF) and an elevated blood pressure (pressor) response during lower extremity exercise. Although PAD is evident in the upper extremities, no studies have determined BF and pressor responses during upper extremity exercise in PAD. Emerging evidence suggests that inorganic nitrate supplementation may serve as an alternative dietary strategy to boost nitric oxide bioavailability, improving exercising BF and pressor responses during exercise. The present study investigated 1) BF and pressor responses to forearm exercise in patients with PAD ( n = 21) relative to healthy age-matched control subjects ( n = 16) and 2) whether 8 wk of NaNO3supplementation influenced BF and pressor responses to forearm exercise in patients with PAD. Patients with moderate to severe PAD were randomly assigned to a NaNO3(1 g/day, n = 13)-treated group or a placebo (microcrystalline cellulose, n = 8)-treated group. Brachial artery forearm BF (FBF; via Doppler) and blood pressure (via finger plethysmography) were measured during mild-intensity (~3.5-kg) and moderate-intensity (~7-kg) handgrip exercise. The absolute change (from baseline) in FBF was reduced (except in the 3.5-kg condition) and BP responses were increased in patients with PAD compared with healthy control subjects in 3.5- and 7-kg conditions (all P < 0.05). Plasma nitrate and nitrite were elevated, exercising (7-kg) ΔFBF was improved (from 141 ± 17 to 172 ± 20 ml/min), and mean arterial pressure response was reduced (from 13 ± 1 to 9 ± 1 mmHg, P < 0.05) in patients with PAD that received NaNO3supplementation for 8 wk relative to those that received placebo. These results suggest that the BF limitation and exaggerated pressor response to moderate-intensity forearm exercise in patients with PAD are improved with 8 wk of NaNO3supplementation.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Peripheral artery disease (PAD) results in an exaggerated pressor response and reduced blood flow during lower limb exercise; however, the effect of PAD in the upper limbs has remained unknown. These results suggest that 8 wk of inorganic nitrate supplementation improves the blood flow limitation and exaggerated pressor response to moderate-intensity forearm exercise in PAD.
Interaction of phase singularities on the spiral wave tail: reconsideration of capturing the excitable gap
Authors: Tomii Naoki , Yamazaki Masatoshi , Arafune Tatsuhiko , Kamiya Kaichiro , Nakazawa Kazuo , Honjo Haruo , Shibata Nitaro , Sakuma Ichiro
Published: March 2018

The action mechanism of stimulation toward spiral waves (SWs) owing to the complex excitation patterns that occur just after point stimulation has not yet been experimentally clarified. This study sought to test our hypothesis that the effect of capturing excitable gap of SWs by stimulation can also be explained as the interaction of original phase singularity (PS) and PSs induced by the stimulation on the wave tail (WT) of the original SW. Phase variance analysis was used to quantitatively analyze the postshock PS trajectories. In a two-dimensional subepicardial layer of Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts, optical mapping was used to record the excitation pattern during stimulation. After a SW was induced by S1–S2 shock, single biphasic point stimulation S3 was applied. In 70 of the S1-S2-S3 stimulation episodes applied on 6 hearts, the original PS was clearly observed just before the S3 point stimulation in 37 episodes. Pairwise PSs were newly induced by the S3 in 20 episodes. The original PS collided with the newly induced PSs in 16 episodes; otherwise, they did not interact with the original PS. SW shift occurred most efficiently when the S3 shock was applied at the relative refractory period, and PS shifted in the direction of the WT. In conclusion, quantitative tracking of PS clarified that stimulation in desirable conditions induces pairwise PSs on WT and that the collision of PSs causes SW shift along the WT. The results of this study indicate the importance of the interaction of shock-induced excitation with the WT for effective stimulation.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY The quantitative analysis of spiral wave dynamics during stimulation clarified the action mechanism of capturing the excitable gap, i.e., the induction of pairwise phase singularities on the wave tail and spiral wave shift along the wave tail as a result of these interactions. The importance of the wave tail for effective stimulation was revealed.
"Ariano Suassuna: 'A legenda e o real são uma coisa só!'"
Authors: Mongelli Lênia Márcia
Published: March 2018

Título: "Ariano Suassuna: 'A legenda e o real são uma coisa só!'"Resumo: Já se sabe que o Romance da Pedra do Reino, de Ariano Suassuna, é o mundo das intertextualidades, exaustivamente examinadas há um bom tempo. A sustentá-las, está um formidável arsenal teórico - que tem passado despercebido - proveniente da Crítica e da Historiografia Literárias (a questão dos "gêneros" e do Narrador de 1ª pessoa), na fronteira com a Sociologia (a noção de "gênio da Raça"), a História ("messianismos políticos), a Linguísticas (as intersecções "oral/escrito" e a Psicologia (o recurso à "catarse"). Neste artigo, tratamos de algumas dessas bases normativas disseminadas na ficção.
Ensaio de síntese conceito de imaginação na crítica literária do romantismo brasileiro
Authors: Jardim Jéssica Cristina
Published: March 2018

No campo da teoria e da crítica literária, como conceito-chave do romantismo, a imaginação é ressignificada, ora como gênese da obra artística, ora como um de seus atributos. Compreendendo a literatura brasileira, e seus conceitos adjuntos, como “síntese de tendências universalistas e particularistas”, buscamos as bases que servem à formulação do conceito estudado e suas definições em dicionários, prefácios e críticas. Referida como controversa faculdade ou potência de imitação e memória, por vezes patológica e submissa a outras instâncias, como a razão, a história e a linha narrativa, a imaginação é ainda percebida como essência da criação literária.
Algumas questões (muito pessoais) sobre a crítica literária hoje
Authors: Nakagome Patricia Trindade
Published: March 2018

Proposição de algumas questões sobre a forma, o espaço e o sentido da crítica literária brasileira na contemporaneidade. As questões são formuladas a partir de experiências pessoais, mas se espera que elas dialoguem com as dúvidas e angústias de outros pesquisadores da área.
Indigenous Peoples of the Russian North and Their Right to Traditional Fishing
Authors: Zmyvalova Ekaterina Andreyevna
Published: March 2018

The preservation of the traditional livelihood of the indigenous peoples of the Russian North is one of the State’s policy priorities in the Russian Federation. This is declared in such documents as, inter alia, the Development Strategy of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation and the National Security for the period up to 2020 and the Paper on the Sustainable Development of the Indigenous Small-Numbered Peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of Russia for the period up to 2025. Fishing is one of the basic traditional practices for the indigenous peoples of the Russian North. Despite the legal recognition of the right to traditional fishing of indigenous peoples, the practical realization of this right is complicated. While analysing the current situation, the author attempts to shed some light on the reasons of the problematic realization of this right.
Becoming Beckett
Authors: Sardin Pascale
Published: March 2018

Since 2009, a selection of Beckett’s letters has been made public. It is within this correspondence that one finds a new perspective on his (self)-translating practice, especially at a time when he was struggling to make a name for himself in the “literary game” (Lahire). Beckett was a bilingual writer aware of sociocritical stakes and able to take advantage of his bilingualism in the international literary field (Bourdieu).
Apocalyptic Moderns
Authors: Byala Gregory
Published: March 2018

This article examines the influence that D.H. Lawrence had on the development of Beckett’s thinking. Drawing on Beckett’s letters and literary works, it argues that Lawrence played an important role in shaping Beckett’s negative attitude toward sexual accomplishment.
Revision of Bruchomyiinae (Diptera, Psychodidae) of the Oriental Region, with description of a new genus and species and discussion of putative male/female antagonistic coevolution
Authors: Polseela Raxsina , Wagner Rüdiger , Kvifte Gunnar Mikalsen , Rulik Björn , Apiwathnasorn Chamnarn
Published: March 2018

We revise the Oriental species of Bruchomyiinae based on type and additional material, with first descriptions of the genusAlexanderiaWagner & Kvifte,gen. nov.andA. thailandensisWagner, Rulik & Polseela,sp.nov.The genus further comprisesNemapalpus orientalisEdwards, 1928 (type species),Nemopalpus vietnamensisQuate, 1962 andNemapalpus unicolorEdwards, 1928.Alexanderia thailandensisis described using morphology of males and females and DNA barcodes, whereasA. orientalisEdwards, 1928comb.nov.,A. unicolorEdwards 1928comb.nov., andA. vietnamensisQuate 1962comb. nov.are redescribed. The male and female internal genitalia in the genus are discussed in the context of sexual selection, and we suggest that the spermathecal ducts of the female and the basiphallic musculature of the male may be shaped by a male/female coevolutionary arms race.
Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXXI. Woodsiaceae
Authors: KESSLER MICHAEL , SMITH ALAN R.
Published: March 2018

We provide a synopsis to the fern family Woodsiaceae in Bolivia, comprising the single, variable species, Woodsia montevidensis.
Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XVII. Loxsomataceae
Authors: KESSLER MICHAEL , SMITH ALAN R.
Published: March 2018

We provide a synopsis to the family Loxsomataceae in Bolivia, represented by the single species Loxsomopsis pearcei.
Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXII. Metaxyaceae
Authors: KESSLER MICHAEL , SMITH ALAN R.
Published: March 2018

We provide a synopsis to the family Metaxyaceae in Bolivia. Following a recent taxonomic revision of the genus, Metaxya contamanensis and M. parkeri are known from Bolivia whereas M. rostrata is now excluded from the country.
A new genus and species of large-bodied caridean shrimp from the Crozet Islands, Southern Ocean (Crustacea, Decapoda, Lipkiidae) with a checklist of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic shrimps
Authors: D'ACOZ CÉDRIC D'UDEKEM , DEGRAVE SAMMY
Published: March 2018

A new, over 10 cm long, sub-Antarctic shrimp, Fresnerhynchus crozeti n. gen., n. sp. is described based on a unique specimen collected with long lines at 1889 m on the slope of a seamount northwest of the Crozet Islands. It is included in the previously monotypic family Lipkiidae Burukovsky, 2012 based on morphological and molecular data. However, the posterior pereiopods of Fresnerhynchus are reminiscent to those of the Rhynchocinetidae, especially by the short spinose dactyli, and by the absence of a sternal plate. The elusive nature of F. crozeti, which is a large and highly characteristic shrimp, is attributed to its putative habitat (hard bottom, steep deep sea slopes), which is difficult to sample with conventional gear, and the remote geographical location. A brief discussion on the biogeography of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic decapods is provided. A review of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic dendrobranchiate and caridean shrimps is appended.
Redescription and neotype designation of the Antarctic springtail Folsomotoma octooculata (Collembola: Isotomidae)
Authors: FANCIULLI PIETRO PAOLO , LEO CHIARA , CONVEY PETER , FRATI FRANCESCO , CARAPELLI ANTONIO
Published: March 2018

The growing interest in Antarctic collembolan species has led us to re-evaluate both the morphological and molecular aspects of different species adapted to the extreme Antarctic environment. The genus Folsomotoma includes nine species mainly distributed in Antarctic and subantarctic areas and a few additionally from Australia and South America. We herein designate the neotype of Folsomotoma octooculata (Willem 1901) and redescribe its morphological characters with particular emphasis on the sensory and ordinary chaetotaxy. Furthermore, based on analyses of both our new and previously published morphological data for F. octooculata, we propose a systematic key of the species for the genus.
A new species of Buenia (Perciformes: Gobiidae) from the western Mediterranean slope bottoms, the redescription of Buenia jeffreysi and the first Balearic record of Buenia affinis
Authors: KOVAČIĆ MARCELO , ORDINES FRANCESC , SCHLIEWEN ULRICH K.
Published: March 2018

A new gobiid species, Buenia lombartei sp. nov. (Teleostei: Gobiidae) is described from the continental slope off the Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean. The Atlantic species Buenia jeffreysii (Günther, 1867) is redescribed and the first record of Buenia affinis Iljin, 1930 is reported for the islands. A key for the species of genus Buenia is provided. The new species can be distinguished from congeneric species by morphological characters: anterior oculoscapular canal semi-closed with pores σ, λ, κ, α, ρ and additional pores and open furrows; suborbital row c of 6 papillae; anal fin I/7-I/8; scales in lateral series 25-27; scales in transverse series 6; pectoral fin rays 18; the second spine of the first dorsal fin longest, backwards reaching to middle second dorsal fin in males when folded down; pelvic fin anterior membrane reduced to less than one sixth of spinous ray in midline depth; tongue well developed and bilobed and several morphometric characters. The new species is also characterized by its reduced colouration and unique depth range and occurrence on upper slope muddy bottoms. Contrary to this, only a small number of gobiid species in the Mediterranean reach beyond the circalittoral to the deep shelf, and just a few have records below the shelf break. Phylogenetic analysis of their mitochondrial COI sequence grouped the two specimens within the same clade as B. jeffreysii, but one apomorphic transversion diagnoses the B. lombartei subclade. A hypothesis about rapid speciation of B. lombartei as well as alternative hypotheses are discussed. During the Last Glacial Maximum, boreal fish species such as cold-water adapted gadids, now restricted to northwestern Europe, entered the Mediterranean. This may have also been the case of the boreal population of B. jeffreysii. At the end of the glacial period, increasingly warming Mediterranean waters might restricted B. jeffreysii to deeper coldwater mud habitats of the upper slope, where it finally adapted to bathyal conditions.
A review of the spider genus Singaporemma (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae), with the description of a new species
Authors: YAN FANHU , LIN YUCHENG
Published: March 2018

The genus Singaporemma Shear, 1978, which currently includes seven species, is reviewed. In this study, we reexamine and photograph the type material of all the species. A new species, Singaporemma takensis sp. n. is documented as new to science and as the first record of the genus from Thailand. We provide a key to Singaporemma spp., based only on genital characters, along with diagnoses, illustrations and distribution map for all the species of Singaporemma.
Exploring Bias in Police Shooting Decisions With Real Shoot/Don’t Shoot Cases
Authors: Worrall John L. , Bishopp Stephen A. , Zinser Scott C. , Wheeler Andrew P. , Phillips Scott W.
Published: March 2018

The controversy surrounding recent high-profile police shootings (e.g., Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri; Laquan McDonald in Chicago) has prompted inquiry into the possible existence of bias in officers’ use-of-force decisions. Using a balanced mix of shoot/don’t shoot cases from a large municipal police department in the Southwestern United States, this study analyzed the effect of suspect race on officers’ decisions to shoot—while accounting for other theoretically relevant factors. Findings suggest that Black suspects were not disproportionately the target of police shootings; Black suspects were approximately one third as likely to be shot as other suspects. This finding challenges the current bias narrative and is consistent with the other race-related findings in recently published research.
Evaluating a gender-specific intensive intervention programme: Young women’s voices and experiences
Authors: Warwick-Booth Louise , Cross Ruth
Published: March 2018

Background:

Disadvantaged young women in England have been documented as having unmet needs. This has resulted in the growth of gender-specific intensive intervention programmes in which a more holistic women-centred service approach is implemented. Gender matters because structural inequalities (bias and disadvantaging societal conditions) that girls are born with influence health, their outcomes and associated inequalities.

Aims and objectives:

Policy-makers frequently call for the outcomes of intervention programmes to be quantified, and while this is important, it can miss opportunities for critical insights into the subjective experiences of participants as well as the context and circumstances within which change occurs.

Methods:

This paper reports on evaluation findings from a prototype project (The Way Forward) with a focus on holistic improvement using gender-specific methods and approaches to promote health for disadvantaged young women in a community setting.

Findings:

This paper documents the voices of young women within the project, illustrated through their creation of storyboards within focus group discussions and interview data from their support workers. Findings highlight the importance of the relational dimension of one-to-one support in achieving positive change in the lives of young women, as well as the complexity associated with efforts to improve their health.
Public attitude towards restrictions on persons with mental illness in greater Hanoi area, Vietnam
Authors: Laqua Carolin , Hahn Eric , Böge Kerem , Martensen Lara K , Nguyen Tat Dinh , Schomerus Georg , Cao Tien Duc , Dettling Michael , von Poser Anita , Lanca Joerg-Christian , Diefenbacher Albert , Angermeyer Matthias C , Ta Thi Minh Tam
Published: March 2018

Background and Aims:

In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the need to protect human rights in psychiatry. Within the last years, considerable effort has been made to reduce restrictive measures in mental health settings. Reducing restrictive measures within mental health care has also moved increasingly into the focus of public debate. This study aims, for the first time in a Southeast Asian sample, to explore whether socio-demographic factors affect public attitudes toward restrictions on mentally ill people in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Methods:

A general population-based survey (self-report questionnaire) was carried out in 2013 in the greater Hanoi area. The survey sample ( N = 813) was recruited according to the latest published census (2009) and micro-census (2013) in Vietnam and Hanoi with regard to the socio-demographic factors gender, age, urbanity, household size and marital status. Multinomial logistic regressions for odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to examine the influence of epidemiological variables, like gender and age, on the public attitude toward restrictions imposed on mentally ill people in Vietnam.

Results:

This study found, for the first time in a large Vietnamese sample, that gender and age were associated with public attitudes toward restrictions on mentally ill people. In detail, significantly fewer men endorsed compulsory admission to a hospital and abortion than Vietnamese women. In addition, endorsement of abortion was significantly higher in older people.

Conclusion:

The results offer some insight into roles of women in the Vietnamese society and might reflect the traditional gender expectations in Vietnamese families. Moreover, the results emphasize the need for supporting female psychiatric patients and their families within their communities and in the Vietnamese society.
Reflections on 48 Years of Mindfulness Practice
Authors: Andersen David T.
Published: March 2018

Although both theoretical articles and empirical studies on mindfulness have increased significantly over the past 20 years, there are still very few first-person accounts of a long-term (almost five decades) daily practice of meditation written by a clinical psychologist. In the humanistic tradition, where the most personal and subjective experience is often identified as an expression of the most universal, this essay follows the author’s practice of meditation from the earliest strivings of a troubled novice to the insights of a clinical psychologist familiar with the principles of change in more than one therapeutic approach. Specifically, this essay reviews the two stages of mindfulness practice, concentration and bare attention, and likens the latter (in its capacity to promote self-acceptance) to the principles of change in behavioral, humanistic, and psychodynamic approaches to psychotherapy.
The Rainbow Connection: How Music Classrooms Create Safe Spaces for Sexual-Minority Young People
Authors: Southerland William
Published: March 2018

LGBTQ students in many parts of the United States often experience hostility on the part of other students, teachers, and administrators. This article reviews current terminology, examines present-day attitudes and recent literature, and offers suggestions to educators who want to create safe spaces for all students in their classrooms.
Achieving Greater Musical Independence in Ensembles through Cognitive Apprenticeship
Authors: Weidner Brian N.
Published: March 2018

Musical independence is a common objective for large-ensemble classes, but traditional, teacher-centric instructional practices for these groups may discourage rather than promote students’ critical thinking and decision making in music. Cognitive apprenticeship provides an instructional approach through which student musicians can develop skills for musical independence, including critical thinking and problem solving, while at the same time maintaining high-quality large ensembles. This process involves three stages of instruction: modeling, coaching, and fading. This article presents examples from several band directors who use a cognitive apprenticeship approach that can be applied to all types of large ensembles to help students develop the skills and competencies needed to engage with music meaningfully on their own, both within and outside the music classroom.
Contemporary Shakespearean direction in Spain
Authors: Cerdá Juan F
Published: March 2018

This article seeks to enquire into different redistributions of Shakespeare’s aura and into different conceptions of authorship articulated around recent stagings of Shakespeare’s works in Spain. Faced, now, with the task of making Shakespeare relevant in a world of diversified cultural offers and a highly competitive cultural market, I inspect three trends in contemporary theatre direction: the universalizing, the localizing and the post-theatrical attitude. The essay reflects on how modern theatre directors negotiate Shakespearean drama and how they confront cultural heritage while at the same time strategically define their attitude towards Shakespeare to claim their own authorial space.
Shakespeare’s new contemporariness, or Hamlet in the Yugoslav Drama Theatre of the 21st century
Authors: Portmann Alexandra
Published: March 2018

This article investigates how Shakespeare’s Hamlet has become a platform for negotiating memory politics in Serbia in the new millennium. Focusing on two productions in Belgrade’s Yugoslav Drama Theatre since 2005 (Dušan Jovanović, 2005 and Aleksandar Popovski, 2016) and one adaptation, Cirkus istorija (Sonja Vukičević, 2006), the specific conditions for each of the productions’ actualization are investigated. Through a discussion of these Hamlet productions, the analysis reveals the ways in which the repeated staging of classical dramatic texts, with each production embedded within a specific staging tradition, becomes a renewed source of inspiration for political theatre.
Ultraorthodox Jewish Fathers in Israel: Predictors of Involvement and Acceptance
Authors: Finzi-Dottan Ricky , Gilerenter Nehama
Published: March 2018

Based on Belsky’s model of parenting determinants, paternal involvement and acceptance were compared among 134 ultraorthodox Jewish fathers and 144 secular Jewish fathers. The predictors examined were experiences of care and control from own fathers, perceived parental competence, and social support and child characteristics as moderators. Results show that, although the two groups of fathers did not differ in their involvement with and acceptance of their children, experiences of care and control from own fathers had affected their paternal practices differently—yielding greater power among the ultraorthodox fathers. Finally, child difficulty moderated the link between perceived paternal competence and paternal involvement, as well as between experiences of control of own father and paternal acceptance. The findings were discussed in within the cultural context of the ultraorthodox family.
“Nature’s child” and “the diplomat”
Authors: Haberlin Steve
Published: March 2018

Scholars have expressed sustained interest in the social–emotional adjustment of gifted children, with conflicting views persisting: one that gifted students possess greater resiliency to environmental stress; the other that this population is more vulnerable. Capitalizing on the few case studies that examined adjustment among gifted students, the researcher conducted a cross-case study of two highly productive fourth-grade students at a K–12 public school. Data were collected throughout the course of a school year and included interviews with students and their parents. Findings included students’ relying on strengths to cope with their surroundings and periodically isolating themselves.