bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An adaptive socket with auto-adjusting air bladders for interfacing transhumeral prosthesis: A pilot study
Authors: Gu Yikun , Yang Dapeng , Osborn Luke , Candrea Daniel , Liu Hong , Thakor Nitish
Published: June 2019

Comfort is a critical aspect in the application of wearable device, such as rehabilitation robots and upper limb prostheses. As a physical interface between human body and prosthetic limb, the socket and its comfort largely contribute to the user’s acceptance. Traditional sockets are static, lacking dynamic adjustment mechanism for the contact pressure. To ensure a reliable suspension during daily activities, the socket is usually designed to be tightly attached, with a large stress, on the residual limb, which may introduce considerable discomfort during long-term use. In this article, we present a novel adaptive transhumeral socket, in which we employ four independent bladders contacting with the stump. Not only can these bladders provide a necessary suspension for the device but also form an air cushion (soft body) that helps relieve the pressure concentration between the biological body and physical prosthesis. In real time, this adaptive socket continuously monitors the limb posture, the operating load, and the contacting pressure between the socket and the limb, and then dynamically adjusts the clamping force to ensure a reliable attachment during various daily activities. Since well adapting to the contours of the stump, the bladders can effectively accommodate the volume change of the stump, making a balanced load distribution on load-tolerant areas. Through modeling and numerical analysis, we established a dynamic strategy for estimating the external load and an automatic scheme for adjusting the bladders’ air pressure. Finally, a close-loop control was constructed based on the contact pressure measured by our self-developed force sensors. Our preliminary experiments on one normal (i.e. non-amputee) subject verified the effectiveness of the proposed method, showing that the adaptive socket can considerably reduce the socket–limb contact pressure while sustaining a secure suspension on the upper arm.
Can Psychological Traits Be Inferred From Spending? Evidence From Transaction Data
Authors: Gladstone Joe J. , Matz Sandra C. , Lemaire Alain
Published: June 2019

The automatic assessment of psychological traits from digital footprints allows researchers to study psychological traits at unprecedented scale and in settings of high ecological validity. In this research, we investigated whether spending records—a ubiquitous and universal form of digital footprint—can be used to infer psychological traits. We applied an ensemble machine-learning technique ( random-forest modeling) to a data set combining two million spending records from bank accounts with survey responses from the account holders ( N = 2,193). Our predictive accuracies were modest for the Big Five personality traits ( r = .15, corrected ρ = .21) but provided higher precision for specific traits, including materialism ( r = .33, corrected ρ = .42). We compared the predictive accuracy of these models with the predictive accuracy of alternative digital behaviors used in past research, including those observed on social media platforms, and we found that the predictive accuracies were relatively stable across socioeconomic groups and over time.
A case of generalized pustular psoriasis caused by hydroxychloroquine in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Shindo E , Shikano K , Kawazoe M , Yamamoto T , Kusunoki N , Hashimoto Y , Nanki T
Published: June 2019

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been used to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Japan since 2015. We herein report a case of SLE that developed generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) following the administration of HCQ. Twenty-one days after the HCQ treatment, a pustular rash with itching appeared on the auricle, scalp, and forearm, and spread rapidly to the face and body trunk with a high fever and arthralgia. Skin biopsy showed pustule formation under the cornified layer, neutrophil infiltration, the destruction of keratinocytes, and spongiform pustules of Kogoj. The patient was diagnosed with GPP. HCQ was immediately discontinued, the dose of prednisolone (PSL) was increased, and granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis was performed. Her symptoms subsequently disappeared. Since arthralgia relapsed after the tapering of PSL, cyclosporine was added. Although single nucleotide polymorphisms (c.28C>T and c.115+6T>C) in the interleukin (IL)-36RN gene, which encodes the IL-36 receptor antagonist, have frequently been reported in GPP, these mutations were not observed in the present case. The potential development of GPP needs to be considered when administering HCQ to patients with SLE.
Sclerosing Pneumocytoma of the Lungs Arising in a Child With PTEN Mutation
Authors: Nasr Youssef , Bettoli Marcos , El Demellawy Dina , Sekhon Harman , de Nanassy Joseph
Published: June 2019

We report a rare case of sclerosing pneumocytoma occurring in a child with PTEN mutation. A 13-year-old female presented to the emergency department of an adult hospital following 2 to 3 days of upper respiratory tract infection symptoms. A primary lung lesion was discovered during her initial chest X-ray to rule out pneumonia. The patient underwent an uneventful thoracoscopic right upper lobe segmentectomy. The pathology demonstrated a sclerosing pneumocytoma of the lung. She tested positive for PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome with a pathogenic variant at c.388 C > T. The PTEN mutation was also identified in the sclerosing pneumocytoma. Further study of PTEN mutation in sclerosing pneumocytoma is warranted.
Acute Funisitis Correlates With the Risk of Early-Onset Sepsis in Term Newborns Assessed Using the Kaiser Sepsis Calculator
Authors: Ji Hongxiu , Bridges Margie , Pesek Elizabeth , Graham Kristin , Tan Lennart , Chabra Shilpi
Published: June 2019

Background

The risk of neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) is traditionally assessed on maternal signs of clinical chorioamnionitis. Recently, an online EOS risk calculator was developed by Kaiser Permanente using maternal and neonatal clinical parameters. We were interested in whether an increased Kaiser sepsis risk score correlates with histologic acute chorioamnionitis or acute funisitis.

Design

Included in this retrospective review are 119 chorioamnionitis-exposed term neonates from January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2016. Clinical charts from mother–baby pairs were reviewed. An EOS risk score was obtained using the online Kaiser Sepsis Calculator. The presence and severity of acute chorioamnionitis and acute funisitis were recorded. A SPSS software was used for statistical analysis (IBM, New Jersey, USA).

Results

The Kaiser Sepsis Calculator could identify 97 of 119 (81.5%) neonates without increased risk for sepsis. Histologic acute chorioamnionitis was present in 100 of 119 cases (84%), in which 44 cases (44%) show severe acute chorioamnionitis. Acute funisitis was recognized in 87 of 119 (73.1%) cases, all of which had concurrent acute chorioamnionitis. Severe funisitis was seen in 38 of the 87 cases (43.7%). The Kaiser Sepsis risk score correlates with the presence and severity of acute funisitis ( P = .037 and P = .044, respectively) but not with the presence or the severity of acute chorioamnionitis ( P = .105 and P = .672, respectively).

Conclusion

Our study provides histological evidence to support that the Kaiser Sepsis Calculator may help to effectively reduce unwarranted blood culture, antibiotics exposure, and neonatal intensive care unit admission in term neonates.
Arm position and collapsibility of infraclavicular axillary vein during voluntary breathing: An ultrasound-guided observational study
Authors: Ravindran Charulatha , Thiyagarajan Sivashanmugam , Velraj Jaya , Murugesan Ravishankar
Published: June 2019

Background:

Arm abduction influences cross-sectional area of the infraclavicular axillary vein, yet the effect of arm abduction on collapsibility of the vein has not been quantified. Decrease in collapsibility of the axillary vein can enable successful cannulation and can decrease injury to underlying vital structures.

Methods:

The infraclavicular axillary vein was scanned in 70 patients close to the clavicle with a high-frequency linear transducer in arm adducted position (Point A), after arm abduction at the initial probe position (Point A′) and after tracing the vein medially close to clavicle (Point B). Maximum and minimum cross-sectional area and circumference during tidal breathing and collapsibility indices during tidal and deep breathing were measured at three probe positions.

Results:

The percentage change with respiration in cross-sectional area, circumference and the collapsibility indices computed from the above measurements were lesser in arm abducted position (p < 0.001). There was decrease in collapsibility index during tidal breathing from 25 at Point A to 7 at Point A′ and 3 at Point B. Collapsibility index reduced from 91 at Point A to 30 at Point A′ and 35 at Point B during deep breathing.

Conclusion:

We conclude that the collapsibility of the infraclavicular axillary vein could be reduced by arm abduction, and hence, abduction could be proposed as the ideal arm position for ultrasound-guided infraclavicular axillary vein cannulation.
Memories, stories and deliberation: Digital sisterhood on feminist websites in Turkey
Authors: Goker Zeynep Gulru
Published: June 2019

Based on content analysis and in-depth interviews with the editors of 5Harfliler, Catlak Zemin and Recel-blog, popular pro-feminist women’s websites in Turkey, this article shows that these websites constitute important projects in feminist memory work in two ways: (1) explicitly, by commemorating women in history, the gains of the women’s movement in Turkey, and by archiving misogynist policies and gender unequal legislation; (2) implicitly, in the essays written by anonymous women whose personal memories of feminist activism as well as oppression and patriarchy experienced in everyday life become sources for discussion of feminist identity and politics and contribute to women’s history writing from below. The websites also serve as a platform where feminist identity is negotiated and the past, present and future of feminist politics are discussed in a humorous, agonistic and affective style. The source of deliberation is often women’s everyday experiences and concerns rather than formal politics. Although keeping a distance from formal politics renders these websites open to criticisms of naiveté and apoliticism, they provide a creative platform for the constructive discussion of women’s shared everyday problems which are closely connected to a larger political context.
Crosslinguistic influence and morphological awareness in English (third language) writing
Authors: Orcasitas-Vicandi María
Published: June 2019

Aims:

The aim of the present paper is twofold. Firstly, we look into the effects of a number of factors on crosslinguistic influence (study 1). Secondly, we analyse the role played by morphological awareness in the production of crosslinguistic instances (study 2). In this way, we contribute to the understanding of how crosslinguistic and metalinguistic dimensions of third language acquisition are intertwined.

Methodology:

We investigate lexical adaptations of the first language and second language in third language English (i.e. adapted loan words) and combine quantitative and qualitative research methods. A quantitative analysis explores the impact of the first language, the L2 factor, typology and proficiency in the target and the source languages (study 1). A qualitative analysis then proposes a categorization of the strategies used by participants to adapt their first language and second language to the target language (study 2).

Data and Analysis:

Language proficiency was evaluated in 222 compositions, 74 written in each language (Basque, Spanish and English). The adapted loan words found in English compositions were classified according to their source language, word category, word class and type/token categories (study 1). In addition, the strategies used by participants were identified and analysed (study 2).

Findings:

The results indicate that language typology is the main predictor of the source language of crosslinguistic influence, and a variety of strategies point at morphological awareness as a key factor in the strategic use of participants’ first language and second language.

Originality:

By mixing quantitative and qualitative methods, this paper provides additional support to the claim that crosslinguistic influence and morphological awareness are intertwined in third language writing.

Significance:

The overall results show that students who are morphologically aware make crosslinguistic and morphological associations and use them strategically in their third language.
Equivalent constant-amplitude fatigue load method based on the energy equivalence principle
Authors: Gao Ruofan , Li Jie
Published: June 2019

An equivalent constant-amplitude cyclic loading method for random vehicle load is proposed based on the concept of energy equivalence. The filtered compound Poisson process is adopted to describe random vehicle load, through which the vehicle load spectrum is gained. The total dissipated energy due to fatigue loads subjected to concrete structures is deduced by introducing a multi-scale model, in which the energy dissipation induced by the nano-cracks level is presented, and the energy transition from nano to macro scales is derived. By assuming that the total energy dissipation under random loading equals that under equivalent constant-amplitude loading, the equivalent load ratio and amplitude as well as the number of equivalent cycles for random vehicle load are obtained. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a set of numerical simulations is presented. The fatigue damage accumulations for concrete structures under both the random load and the equivalent loads converted by the proposed method and the classic root mean square method are calculated. By comparing with the root mean square method, the accuracy and advantage of the proposed equivalent load model are verified.
Development and piloting of a software tool to facilitate proactive hazard and risk analysis of Health Information Technology
Authors: Habli Ibrahim , Jia Yan , White Sean , Gabriel George , Lawton Tom , Sujan Mark , Tomsett Clive
Published: June 2019

Health Information Technology is now widely promoted as a means for improving patient safety. The technology could also, under certain conditions, pose hazards to patient safety. However, current definitions of hazards are generic and hard to interpret, particularly for large Health Information Technology in complex socio-technical settings, that is, involving interacting clinical, organisational and technological factors. In this article, we develop a new conceptualisation for the notion of hazards and implement this conceptualisation in a tool-supported methodology called the Safety Modelling, Assurance and Reporting Toolset (SMART). The toolset aims to support clinicians and engineers in performing hazard identification and risk analysis and producing a safety case for Health Information Technology. Through a pilot study, we used and examined the toolset for developing a safety case for electronic prescribing in three acute hospitals. Our results demonstrate the ability of the approach to ensure that the safety evidence is generated based on explicit traceability between the clinical models and Health Information Technology functionality. They also highlight challenges concerning identifying hazards in a consistent way, with clear impact on patient safety in order to facilitate clinically meaningful risk analysis.
‘Beside myself’: touch, maternity and the question of embodiment
Authors: Bragg Nicolette
Published: June 2019

This article uses the surprising bodily effects of a period following birth to unsettle the reproductive narrative that circumscribes the maternal relation. Drawing on scholarship on skin and touch within philosophy and feminist and queer theory, ‘Beside myself’ demonstrates how an intensely intimate relationship can throw into relief modes of embodiment that trouble the temporality and space presumed of reproduction. Doing so, it calls attention to the limits of materialist discourses of embodiment. With reference to Gayle Salamon’s Assuming a Body, it describes an embodied subjectivity that exceeds the material contours of the body. A sense of being ‘beside’ oneself and ‘beside’ another stretches the time and space of the body, not only creating fractures within the reproductive frame, but also putting pressure on matter and possession as conditions for subjectivity.
Afrofuturism and Black Panther
Authors: Strong Myron T. , Chaplin K. Sean
Published: June 2019

Myron T. Strong and K. Sean Chaplin on the liberatory potential of Afrofuturism.
Black Women Running
Authors: Chenault Tiffany G.
Published: June 2019

Tiffany G. Chenault on claiming space and building community by hitting the road.
Video Technologies for Recording Open Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Saun Tomas J. , Zuo Kevin J. , Grantcharov Teodor P.
Published: June 2019

Video recording of surgical procedures is an important tool for surgical education, performance enhancement, and error analysis. Technology for video recording open surgery, however, is limited. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the available literature regarding the various technologies used for intraoperative video recording of open surgery. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using the MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, and EMBASE databases. Two authors independently screened the titles and abstracts of the retrieved articles, and those that satisfied the defined inclusion criteria were selected for a full-text review. A total of 2275 publications were initially identified, and 110 were included in the final review. The included articles were categorized based on type of article, surgical subspecialty, type and positioning of camera, and limitations identified with their use. The most common article type was primary-technical (29%), and the dominant specialties were general surgery (22%) and plastic surgery (18%). The most commonly cited camera used was the GoPro (30%) positioned in a head-mount configuration (60%). Commonly cited limitations included poor video quality, inadequate battery life, light overexposure, obstruction by surgical team members, and excessive motion. Open surgery remains the mainstay of many surgical specialties today, and technological innovation is absolutely critical to fulfill the unmet need for better video capture of open surgery. The findings of this article will be valuable for guiding future development of novel technology for this purpose.
Stability analysis for a single-point cutting tool deflection in turning operation
Authors: Gasagara Amon , Jin Wuyin , Uwimbabazi Angelique
Published: June 2019

In this article, a new model of regenerative vibrations due to the deflection of the cutting tool in turning is proposed. The previous study reported chatter as a result of cutting a wavy surface of the previous cut. The proposed model takes into account cutting forces as the main factor of tool deflection. A cantilever beam model is used to establish a numerical model of the tool deflection. Three-dimensional finite element method is used to estimate the tool permissible deflection under the action of the cutting load. To analyze the system dynamic behavior, 1-degree-of-freedom model is used. MATLAB is used to compute the system time series from the initial value using fourth-order Runge–Kutta numerical integration. A straight hard turning with minimal fluid application experiment is used to obtain cutting forces under stable and chatter conditions. A single-point cutting tool made from high-speed steel is used for cutting. Experiment results showed that for the cutting parameters above 0.1mm/rev feed and [Formula: see text]mm depth of cut, the system develops fluctuations and higher chatter vibration frequency. Dynamic model vibration results showed that the cutting tool deflection induces chatter vibrations which transit from periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic type.
An optimal preventive maintenance strategy for the hydraulic system of platform firefighting vehicle based on the improved NSGA-II algorithm
Authors: Teng Rumin , Liang Jifei , Wu Guanglei , Wang Dianlong , Wang Xin
Published: June 2019

Based on the reliability analysis, this work presents a model of the preventive maintenance for the hydraulic system of platform firefighting vehicle, considering the working age regression factor and the equivalent service life. In this model, both the equipment availability and average maintenance cost are treated as the objective functions and constrained by the equipment reliability as well as the total working time. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) algorithm is adopted to solve the previous optimization problem, wherein the constrained inequality functions in the stages of initialization, mutation, and crossover are introduced to assess the solution to meet the constraints or not, through the improvements in three aspects, namely, the improvement of the algorithm’s initialization to ensure the initial variables meet the equality constraint, the utilization of the mean division of the difference values to adjust the variables after the selection, and crossover and mutation of the gene. Numerical analysis is carried out to verify the feasibility of the improved algorithm, wherefrom the Pareto-optimal solutions for the preventive maintenance of the platform firefighting vehicle are obtained to provide the optimum strategy for the service engineers with different weighted factors.
‘You’re never really free’: Understanding the barriers to desistance for registered sexual offenders in the community
Authors: Mann Natalie , Devendran Priya N , Lundrigan Samantha
Published: June 2019

This article explores the relationship between the current model of community sex offender management, which is underpinned by mechanism of control and enforcement, and desistance from sexual offending. Utilizing data from qualitative interviews with 20 men convicted of sexual offences, we found that while existing practices offer some reassurance to those managing the public protection arena, they do little to encourage the substantive processes of identity change which is necessary for long-term desistance. This raises important considerations for how current risk management practices may be improved to encourage desistance and community reintegration.
Antidepressant treatment and mortality risk in patients with dementia and depression: a nationwide population cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Su Jian-An , Chang Chih-Cheng , Wang Hsuan-Min , Chen Ko-Jung , Yang Yao-Hsu , Lin Chung-Ying
Published: June 2019

Background:

Dementia prevalence is increasing worldwide, and dementia is frequently comorbid with depression during its disease course. Additionally, safety concerns are rising regarding the prescription of psychotropic agents to patients with dementia. Thus, our study assessed the influence of prescribing antidepressants in dementia with depression on mortality risk, and the differences between classes of antidepressants.

Methods:

This study was a population-based retrospective cohort study that utilized the National Health Insurance (NHI) medical claims data on mental illness in Taiwan between 1998 and 2013. We identified 25,890 cases of newly diagnosed dementia with depression and divided them into two groups: antidepressant users and nonusers. All-cause mortality between the two groups and the effects of different antidepressants were analyzed.

Results:

Antidepressants reduced all-cause mortality in patients with dementia and depression after adjusting for all covariates. Furthermore, the effect was significant when antidepressant exposure was more than 168 cumulative defined daily dosages, and most classes of antidepressants had this protective effect.

Conclusions:

Antidepressant treatment showed significant protective effects in all-cause mortality for patients with dementia and depression. Most classes of antidepressants were effective, especially with longer treatment duration or higher dosage.
Pancreatic cancer in bloom syndrome
Authors: Tzfoni Itai , Chayo Jennifer , Shaked Meital , Bernstein Ezra , Dekel Roy , Arber Nadir , Shapira Shiran
Published: June 2019

Bloom syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by distinct physical features, such as short stature, genomic instability, and predisposition to numerous cancers. The BLM gene encodes for the RecQ helicase that plays an important role in genome editing, maintenance, and stability. Mutations in the BLM gene cause genomic instability that exposes the carriers to a variety of cancers, and in particular hematological and gastrointestinal cancers. Herein, we report the first case of pancreatic cancer in a 32-year-old patient with bloom syndrome.
A comparison of men’s and women’s perceptions of the female body using a multidimensional scaling analysis of naturalistic stimuli
Authors: Diekhoff Deana D , Diekhoff George M , Vandehey Michael A
Published: June 2019

Men and women worked with 25 naturalistic photos of females representing varied physiques. Similarity judgments of the photos were analyzed using multidimensional scaling analysis to produce composite maps for male and female participants. A comparison of the maps showed gender similarities and differences. Both genders used almost identical attributes in judging similarities and identified almost identical body types, but men were more inclusive in identifying ideal females; men included curvaceous females that were rejected by women. Women identified very thin females that were rejected by men. Men were affectively most positive toward female ideals; women were most positive to near-ideals.
Machine Learning in Context, or Learning from LANDR: Artificial Intelligence and the Platformization of Music Mastering
Authors: Sterne Jonathan , Razlogova Elena
Published: June 2019

This article proposes a contextualist approach to machine learning and aesthetics, using LANDR, an online platform that offers automated music mastering and that trumpets its use of supervised machine learning, branded as artificial intelligence (AI). Increasingly, machine learning will become an integral part of the processing of sounds and images, shaping the way our culture sounds, looks, and feels. Yet we cannot know exactly how much of a role or what role machine learning plays in LANDR. To parochialize the machine learning part of what LANDR does, this study spirals in from bigger contexts to smaller ones: LANDR’s place between the new media industry and the mastering industry; the music scene in their home city, Montreal, Quebec; LANDR use by DIY musicians and independent engineers; and, finally, the LANDR interface and the sound it produces in use. While LANDR claims to automate the work of mastering engineers, it appears to expand and morph the definition of mastering itself: it devalues people’s aesthetic labor as it establishes higher standards for recordings online. And unlike many other new media firms, LANDR’s connection to its local music scene has been essential to its development, growth, and authority, even as they have since moved on from that scene, and even as the relationship was never fully reciprocal.
University Markor: A Context-Specific Scale to Measure Market-Orientation in Universities
Authors: Khuwaja Faiz Muhammad , Umrani Waheed Ali , Shaikh Sanober Salman , Ahmed Ammar , Shar Sanaullah
Published: June 2019

Market-orientation (MO) is not a very untouched research area, yet its application in universities is quite a recent phenomenon to execute marketing concept for a better value proposition. Various popular instruments including MARKOR and MKTOR have been used to assess MO in a variety of enterprise setups, but those measures turned out to be invalid in higher education context due to different goals and objectives of universities. Hence, the aim of this article is to validate a relatively more context-specific scale “UNIVERSITY MARKOR” in the developing countries like Pakistan that was initially developed and tested as relatively a better measure of university MO in some developed countries. Survey method was used in this study through the target population constituted by the university teachers and administrators. The proportionate systematic random sampling method was used to form a total sample of 476 respondents. For data analysis, the partial least squares (PLS) path modeling was utilized. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for this study established three dimensions of “UNIVERSITY-MARKOR” construct. The examination of internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity confirmed adequate psychometric properties for the UNIVERSITY-MARKOR construct. The results of this study are also consistent to the previous studies conducted in different contexts. Additional value may be complemented to this study if the pertinent future research may replicate it either in the private-sector universities. This study is therefore a source of support in developing countries to assist researchers and higher education authorities for better decision making.
A Descriptive Study of Marijuana Prevention Education in Public Middle and High Schools in Southeastern Colorado
Authors: Kies-Bolkema Bethany A. , Schippers Elizabeth
Published: June 2019

Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) education in public schools varies throughout the United States. Marijuana prevention education, a potential component of ATOD education, varies even more so despite the growing number of states legalizing both medical and retail, or recreational, marijuana. Youth use of marijuana remains largely stable, but attitudes toward risk and legalization are changing. Evidence indicates more health risk for youth users as compared with adult users. While health risks are the same from state to state, laws are not, and there is a need for marijuana education in middle and high schools. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of marijuana prevention education in public middle and high schools in Southeastern Colorado through survey data collected from school administrators in the spring of 2017. Results of the survey indicate that even within a state that legalized medical marijuana in 2000 and retail marijuana in 2012, public school districts lack consistency in the nature and extent of providing marijuana education and could use more guidance and resources from state- and federal-level research and practice.
Not by Bread Alone: Mobility Experiences, Religion, and Optimism about Future Mobility
Authors: Reynolds Jeremy , May Matthew , Xian He
Published: June 2019

Americans are quite optimistic about their chances of upward mobility, but sometimes even they have their doubts. The authors examine how mobility experiences boost or dampen American optimism about mobility and how the relationship is connected to religion. The authors find that Americans whose subjective financial situations have recently worsened are less optimistic, whereas those whose situations have improved are more optimistic. Objective measures of mobility were not connected to optimism. The authors also found that men affiliated with historically black Protestant denominations and Hispanic Catholic men and women are more optimistic than the religiously unaffiliated. Additionally, downward mobility is associated with different outcomes for different groups: very small drops in optimism among Hispanic Catholic women but unusually large drops among mainline Protestant and Hispanic Catholic men. The authors encourage more study of Hispanic Catholic women because their experiences may be useful for preserving optimism among other Americans during tough economic times.
Oral idasanutlin in patients with polycythemia vera
Authors: Mascarenhas John , Lu Min , Kosiorek Heidi , Virtgaym Elizabeth , Xia Lijuan , Sandy Lonette , Mesa Ruben , Petersen Bruce , Farnoud Noushin , Najfeld Vesna , Rampal Raajit , Dueck Amylou , Hoffman Ronald
Published: June 2019

A limited number of drugs are available to treat patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET). We attempted to identify alternative agents that may target abnormalities within malignant hematopoietic stem (HSCs) and progenitor cells (HPCs). Previously, MDM2 protein levels were shown to be upregulated in PV/ET CD34+ cells, and exposure to a nutlin, an MDM2 antagonist, induced activation of the TP53 pathway and selective depletion of PV HPCs/HSCs. This anticlonal activity was mediated by upregulation of p53 and potentiated by the addition of interferon-α2a (IFN-α2a). Therefore, we performed an investigator-initiated phase 1 trial of the oral MDM2 antagonist idasanutlin (RG7388; Roche) in patients with high-risk PV/ET for whom at least 1 prior therapy had failed. Patients not attaining at least a partial response by European LeukemiaNet criteria after 6 cycles were then allowed to receive combination therapy with low-dose pegylated IFN-α2a. Thirteen patients with JAK2 V617F+ PV/ET were enrolled, and 12 (PV, n = 11; ET, n = 1) were treated with idasanutlin at 100 and 150 mg daily, respectively, for 5 consecutive days of a 28-day cycle. Idasanutlin was well tolerated; no dose-limiting toxicity was observed, but low-grade gastrointestinal toxicity was common. Overall response rate after 6 cycles was 58% (7 of 12) with idasanutlin monotherapy and 50% (2 of 4) with combination therapy. Median duration of response was 16.8 months (range, 3.5-26.7). Hematologic, symptomatic, pathologic, and molecular responses were observed. These data indicate that idasanutlin is a promising novel agent for PV; it is currently being evaluated in a global phase 2 trial. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02407080.
How I treat primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Shinohara Michi M. , Shustov Andrei
Published: June 2019

The primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders are a family of extranodal lymphoid neoplasms that arise from mature postthymic T cells and localize to the skin. Current classification systems recognize lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and borderline cases. In the majority of patients, the prognosis of primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders is excellent; however, relapses are common, and complete cures are rare. Skin-directed and systemic therapies are used as monotherapy or in combination to achieve the best disease control and minimize overall toxicity. We discuss 3 distinct presentations of primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorder and present recommendations for a multidisciplinary team approach to diagnosis, evaluation, and management of these conditions in keeping with existing consensus guidelines.
Characterization of the residues in Han Dynasty bronze lamps by pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Han Huarui , Wei Shuya , Yang Jun , Guan Li , Li Wenhuan
Published: June 2019

The fuel residues in two bronze lamps excavated from Haihunhou Tomb in the Han Dynasty, in Jiangxi Province, China, were studied in this paper. The techniques of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with thermal-assisted hydrolysis and methylation (THM-Py–GC/MS) were used to characterize the materials. Long-chain fatty acids, fatty alcohols and hydrocarbons were detected as the main components. By comparing the reference materials of beeswax and Chinese wax, the residues in the lamps were identified as beeswax. Furthermore, according to the morphology of the remains of the lamp fuel, the fuel remains were probably melted and then solidified, which suggests the lamps were used. Wax was found to have been used as an illuminating fuel as early as the Han Dynasty, enriching scholarly knowledge about the lighting materials used in ancient China.
Simultaneous denoising of multicomponent microseismic data by joint sparse representation with dictionary learning
Authors: Shao Jie , Wang Yibo , Yao Yi , Wu Shaojiang , Xue Qingfeng , Chang Xu
Published: June 2019

Microseismic data usually have a low signal-to-noise ratio, necessitating the application of an effective denoising method. Most conventional denoising methods treat each component of multicomponent data separately, e.g., denoising methods with sparse representation. However, microseismic data are often acquired with a 3C receiver, especially in borehole monitoring cases. Independent denoising ignores the relative amplitudes and vector relationships between different components. We have developed a new simultaneous denoising method for 3C microseismic data based on joint sparse representation. The three components are represented by different dictionary atoms; the dictionary can be fixed or adaptive depending on the dictionary learning method that is used. Our method adds an extra time consistency constraint with simultaneous transformation of 3C data. The joint sparse optimization problem is solved using the extended orthogonal matching pursuit. Synthetic microseismic data with a double-couple source mechanism and two field downhole microseismic data were used for testing. Independent denoising of 1C data with the fixed dictionary method and simultaneous denoising of 3C data with the fixed dictionary and dictionary learning (3C-DL) methods were compared. The results indicate that among the three methods, the 3C-DL method is the most effective in suppressing random noise, preserving weak signals, and restoring polarization information; this is achieved by combining the time consistency constraint and dictionary learning.
Amplitude-based misfit functions in viscoelastic full-waveform inversion applied to walk-away vertical seismic profile data
Authors: Pan Wenyong , Innanen Kristopher A.
Published: June 2019

Viscoelastic full-waveform inversion is applied to walk-away vertical seismic profile data acquired at a producing heavy-oil field in Western Canada for the determination of subsurface velocity models (P-wave velocity [Formula: see text] and S-wave velocity [Formula: see text]) and attenuation models (P-wave quality factor [Formula: see text] and S-wave quality factor [Formula: see text]). To mitigate strong velocity-attenuation trade-offs, a two-stage approach is adopted. In Stage I, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] models are first inverted using a standard waveform-difference (WD) misfit function. Following this, in Stage II, different amplitude-based misfit functions are used to estimate the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] models. Compared to the traditional WD misfit function, the amplitude-based misfit functions exhibit stronger sensitivity to attenuation anomalies and appear to be able to invert [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] models more reliably in the presence of velocity errors. Overall, the root-mean-square amplitude-ratio and spectral amplitude-ratio misfit functions outperform other misfit function choices. In the final outputs of our inversion, significant drops in the [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] ratio (~1.6) and Poisson’s ratio (~0.23) are apparent within the Clearwater Formation (depth ~0.45–0.50 km) of the Mannville Group in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. Strong [Formula: see text] (~20) and [Formula: see text] (~15) anomalies are also evident in this zone. These observations provide information to help identify the target attenuative reservoir saturated with heavy-oil resources.
How can transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) help general psychiatrists working with patients with borderline personality disorder?
Authors: Burbridge-James William
Published: June 2019

Transference-focused psychotherapy concepts and techniques have much to offer experienced psychiatrists and psychiatrists in training in their work with patients with borderline personality disorder and, as a consequence, help address the stigmatisation of this group of patients and improve their clinical care.

DECLARATION OF INTEREST

W.B.-J. is chair of the Specialty Advisory Committee of the Faculty of Medical Psychotherapy, RCPsych, with governance for the content and delivery of the curriculum for psychotherapy training of trainee psychiatrists in the UK.
Phase III MONALEESA-7 trial of premenopausal patients with HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer (ABC) treated with endocrine therapy ± ribociclib: Overall survival (OS) results.
Authors: Hurvitz Sara A. , Im Seock-Ah , Lu Yen-Shen , Colleoni Marco , Franke Fabio Andre , Bardia Aditya , Harbeck Nadia , Chow Louis , Sohn Joohyuk , Lee Keun Seok , Campos Gomez Saul , Villanueva Rafael , Jung Kyung Hae , Chakravartty Arunava , Hughes Gareth , Gounaris Ioannis , Rodriguez-Lorenc Karen , Taran Tetiana , Tripathy Debu
Published: June 2019

LBA1008

Background: The phase III MONALEESA-7 study (NCT02278120) is the first dedicated trial of endocrine therapy (ET) ± a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor in premenopausal patients (pts) with hormone receptor–positive (HR+)/HER2− ABC. The study met its primary endpoint of significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) with ribociclib (RIB; a CDK4/6 inhibitor) + ET vs placebo (PBO) + ET (median, 23.8 vs 13.0 mo; HR, 0.55; P < 0.0001; Tripathy D, et al. Lancet Oncol. 2018). Methods: Premenopausal pts (N=672) with HR+/HER2− ABC were treated with RIB or PBO + goserelin and either a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor (NSAI; letrozole or anastrozole) or tamoxifen. This is the 2nd of 3 protocol-specified OS analyses (scheduled to occur after ≈ 189 deaths [75% of the planned total events]). OS was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier methods, and statistical comparison was made by 1-sided stratified log-rank test, with a protocol-defined Lan-DeMets (O’Brien-Fleming) stopping boundary of p < 0.01018 for superior efficacy. Results: The data cutoff for this prespecified interim analysis was Nov 30, 2018, and the median follow-up was 34.6 mo (min, 28.0 mo). At cutoff, 173 pts were continuing study treatment (RIB, n=116; PBO, n=57), and OS was evaluated after 192 deaths (RIB, n=83; PBO, n=109). RIB + ET demonstrated a significantly longer OS than PBO + ET (median, not reached vs 40.9 mo [95% CI, 37.80 mo-not evaluable]; HR, 0.712 [95% CI, 0.54-0.95]; p = 0.00973). The result crossed the prespecified stopping boundary for superior efficacy. Estimated OS rates with RIB + ET vs PBO + ET at 42 mo were 70.2% vs 46.0%, respectively. In pts who received an NSAI (n=495), RIB + ET demonstrated a consistent OS improvement vs PBO + ET (HR, 0.699 [95% CI, 0.50-0.98]). Posttreatment therapy use was balanced between treatment arms (RIB, 68.9%; PBO, 73.2%). Conclusions: RIB + ET demonstrated a clinically and statistically significant longer OS than ET alone in premenopausal pts with HR+/HER2− ABC. This is the first time that a CDK4/6 inhibitor or any targeted agent + ET has demonstrated significantly longer OS vs ET alone as initial endocrine-based therapy. Clinical trial information: NCT02278120.
Survey of sexual harassment and gender disparities among gynecologic oncologists.
Authors: Stasenko Marina , Tarney Christopher M. , Veith Mitchell , Seier Kenneth , Casablanca Yovanni , Brown Carol L.
Published: June 2019

LBA10502

Background: Sexual harassment is a problem in the workplace, with a third of U.S. women reporting experiencing unwanted sexual advances in their careers. Moreover, gender disparities have persisted in medicine, despite over half of U.S. physicians under age 44 being female. The purpose of this study is to evaluate perceived gender biases, prevalence of sexual harassment, and how these affect physician growth and advancement in gynecologic oncology (Gyn-Onc). Methods: We conducted a survey study of U.S.-based physician members of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology: full, senior, and fellow members. Participants reported: demographics; experiences with sexual harassment in training/practice; perceptions of gender disparities in Gyn-Onc. Survey was anonymized and collected using RedCap data capture tool. Dichotomous outcomes were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Results: The survey was sent to 1,566 members; 402 responses were received (26% response rate: 255 females (F), 147 males (M)). Female responders were younger, non-white (28% F, 11% M), not married (16% F, 3% M), and had fewer years in practice than males (p≤0.001, each). Six of every 10 responders (64%) reported experiencing sexual harassment during training/practice; 7 of every 10 women (71%) experienced sexual harassment in training/practice. One in 10 responders openly reported this behavior (15% responders; 17%F, 10% M, p=0.210); most common reasons for lack of reporting were: incident did not seem important enough (40%), did not think anything would be done about it (37%), and fear of reprisal (34%). Female responders were more likely to report that they felt gender affected their career advancement (34% F, 10% M; p≤0.001) and that gender played a role in setting their salary (42% F, 6% M; p≤0.001). Of note, 91% male responders did not feel that there is a gender pay gap in Gyn-Onc, compared to 57% females (p≤0.001). Conclusions: This report is the first to show that experience of sexual harassment is common among Gyn-Onc physicians. Importantly, only few report these occurrences, often for fear of reprisal or concern that nothing will be done. Further, female Gyn-Oncologists report feeling that gender influences salaries and career advancement. Awareness and acknowledgement of sexual harassment and gender inequalities within Gyn-Onc can lead to interventions to address these disparities.