bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Leachate on Soil in Jos Metropolis, Plateau State Nigeria
Authors: Wuave Terwase
Published: March 2023

Effect leachate on soil quality in Jos is expected because the disposal sites continues to be the major route of infiltration as it affects quality of the area. Six selected disposal sites soil and normal soil were collected local auger at depth range of 1.5 and 3.0 m with distances of 1.0, 1.5,3.0m. The study aim identifies the effect, using PAST statistical software and excel to analyze the results. Particle size of sand has higher percentage with increase porosity from surface to subsurface (surface range 39.54-73.22, subsurface 40.72-73.50). Moisture contents increase from surface to subsurface. Specific gravity decreases from surface to subsurface (surface range 2.58-2.65, subsurface 2.15-2.44). Shear strength result shows increase to subsurface (surface range 15.65-17.43, subsurface 16.34-18.30). Compressibility test result shows slight increase from surface to subsurface. Permeability result show increase from surface to subsurface. Physical characteristics of pH indicate values that are alkaline in nature (surface range 7.2-9.4 subsurface 6.2-8.5). TDS decrease from surface to subsurface (range 143-640, 187-584).EC increase slightly from surface to subsurface (surface range 164-919, subsurface 184-915). Anions result shows chloride have higher concentration at surface (surface range 100-380, subsurface 96-360) while sulphate also have higher concentration on surface than subsurface (surface range 192-270, subsurface 178-225). Cation results shows sodium ion concentration on the surface increase to subsurface (surface range 250-2600, subsurface 265-2705). Potassium concentration also increase on the surface to the subsurface (surface range 172-243, subsurface 186-253) while magnesium ion also increases from surface to subsurface (surface range 3.0-4.4, subsurface 3.7-4.8) and calcium ion shows normal range from surface to subsurface (surface range 10000-12000, subsurface 10000-130000). The heavy metals concentration in the dumpsites soil shows higher values (Ba, Ce, La, Rb, Cr, Th and Fe) in both surface and subsurface above normal soil.
Study on the foliar nutrition of winter wheat
Authors: Abduazimov A M , Vafoyeva M B , Kuvvatov D A , Khazratkulova Sh U , Mirzaev N F
Published: March 2023

Stimulants that affect the growth and development of plants, as well as productivity, consist of natural and synthetic compounds. Regularities of the influence of growth regulators on the growth and development of plants are determined. Research and search for environmentally friendly, highly physiologically active growth regulators continues. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with growth-regulating biostimulants has a positive effect on productivity by accelerating the growth and development of the plant.
Viability and reproducibility of acclimatized shrubby plants in the conditions of Akmola region
Authors: Sarsekova D , Mukhtubayeva S , Shaldybayeva A
Published: March 2023

This article considers the issues of increasing the stability and durability of spaces, as well as optimizing and expanding the range of industrial plantings by improving the esthetic properties of industrial plantations and the introduction of shrubs into the culture to enrich the visual environment. In introduced plants, in the process of restructuring the cycle of seasonal development, the start and end times of phenological phases change, and their duration decreases. At the same time, the flowering period is characterized by its elongation and duration no less than the most favorable climatic conditions. In general, the growing season of introduced plants in the Akmola region is much shorter than in their homeland and other geographical areas.
Impact of temperature variations in worm containers and nutrition amount on silk glands and silk productivity
Authors: Bekkamov Ch , Samatova S
Published: March 2023

During the feeding of mulberry silkworms, when the temperature in the larvae fluctuates sharply and the amount of nutrients fed is below or above the norm, the metabolism and physiological processes in the body are disrupted. As a result, the silk cocoon water balance, respiration, digestion and absorption of nutrients are impaired, the activity of the silk glands is impaired, creating conditions for disease-causing microorganisms. In this case, the growth of silkworms by 4 times less when the worms are fed with 50% of the norm, reducing the amount of silk in the cocoon, as the larvae survive without healthy development and the productivity of the cocoons grown. This results in a 20.0% reduction in its average weight and a 23.3% decrease in the weight of the shell. At the same time, on farms where mulberry leaves are in short supply, the cocoon yield per box of worms is 15-30 kilograms, and the quality is 14% lower. This is due to the fact that the growth of mulberry silkworms as a result of the inability of the silk gland to accumulate enough silk fluid due to underdevelopment and the satiety of the mulberry leaf significantly affect the activity of the silk gland. Feeding silkworms with high-nutrient varieties of mulberry leaves increased silkworm size by 6.9-10.1%, viability by 2.5%, total cocoons, yield by 4.5%, yield by 8 kg. In particular, a sharp change in the air temperature of the worm relative to the norm (25-26 °C) weakens the activity of the silk gland due to disruption of the growth and development process of worms. Due to the reduction of the amount of silk liquid synthesized, the viability of worms is 6.5%, the weight of the cocoon is 61.5-64.4%, the weight of the silk shell is 73.7-74.5%, the yield is 8-10 kg, and the variety is 6-12%. decrease has been scientifically proven.
Study of phosphogypsum conversion from Kyzylkum phosphorites with soda ash solution
Authors: Temirov G , Alimov U , Seytnazarov A , Tojiev R , Namazov Sh , Honkeldieva M
Published: March 2023

Enterprises producing phosphate fertilizers encounter a very serious problem associated with phosphogypsum piled up in huge amounts. To date, about 7 billion tons of phosphogypsum have been piled up all over the world with an average release of 180 million tons, and its utilization remains challenge. The process of phosphogypsum conversion of Kyzylkum phosphorite from JSC “Ammophos-Maxam” with soda ash of UE “Kungradsky soda plant” was studied in the work. The study was carried out in a wide range of concentration (10-20%) and stoichiometric norm (100-110%) of Na2CO3at a temperature of 80°C and a time of 30 minutes. It was revealed that an increase in the concentration and stoichiometric norm of Na2CO3 leads to an increase in the degree of conversion of phosphogypsum into CaCO3and Na2SO4up to 97.07%. The following is optimal: the concentration of Na2CO3is 20% and the stoichiometric norm is 105%, at which the degree of conversion is ⁓96%. As a result, the target product Na2SO4was obtained with a purity of 94% and calcium carbonate - 96.25%. This solution allows producers of phosphate fertilizers to recycle phosphogypsum into products with high demand.
Morphological characteristics of carp (Carassius Gibelio) in the conditions of pond fish farming in Uzbekistan
Authors: Khalimova N T , Kanatbaeva T S , Ummatova M E , Yuldashov M A , Kamilov B G
Published: March 2023

Silver carp has a huge range that distributed in Eurasia and America. Interest was aroused by the use in fish farming, high taste qualities in particular. In this research, the material was collected in October - December 2021 in the ponds of the fish hatchery of the Research Institute of Fisheries of Uzbekistan. During the experiments, the measured traits were calculated in the form of indices, showing them as a percentage of the standard body length for each individual. The results showed that the minimum and maximum body weight was 13 and 88, respectively. However, the average was 32.8 mm. It was observed that average hard rays in the dorsal fin was 2, but this was 4.5 in the case branched rays in the anal fin. Noteworthy, a comparison of the data shows that the index variability with the “truss-protocol” is significantly lower.
Study of the effect of using electrical stimulation on the increase of potato yield
Authors: Mukhammadiev A , Sanbetova A T , Toshpulatov N , Babayev A , Abdukadirova M
Published: March 2023

Several studies have shown that electric stimulation improves germination, root growth, and disease resistance. Nonetheless, there is a scarcity of research on the effect of electric treatment on plant growth characteristics and quality. We investigated the effect of electric fields on three potato varieties (Santé, Quvonch-1650M, and Bahro-30), and also to confirm the results, seeds of the same variety were planted with and without electrical stimulation in the second experiment. Seed tubers were electrically stimulated during this study using hand-held equipment equipped with two ultraviolet emitters and an antenna (low-frequency radio impulse bio-stimulation). Studies have shown that pre-planting electrical stimulation of plants accelerates emergence of shoots of plants for 3-4 days depending on a grade. In addition, use of electrical stimulation had a positive effect on the growth of the plant. All studied varieties were taller by 4-5 cm and multi-stemmed, and 12-20 flowers were formed on one stem, which is 2-2.5 times more than in the control. In the second study stimulated each bush (one seed) gave an average of 813 grams, while 398 grams was observed in the control group. Conducted visual counts and serological analyzes showed that electrical stimulation of plants contributes not only to the reduction of infestation plants with viral diseases, but also the manifestation of symptoms of damage. The Kuvonch-1656M, in the studied variant, were affected by diseases 12%, while in the control variant this figure was 16%. Hidden virus infection of plants was 26% and 31%, respectively.
Influence of cultivation of secondary mung bean, soybean and oat crops on cotton yield and soil structure by different methods of tillage after winter wheat
Authors: Kholto’raev Sh Ch , Karimov Sh A , Iminov A , Kocharova M I
Published: March 2023

This article provides information on the results of scientific research aimed at maintaining and increasing soil fertility in the country and in the world today, as well as ways to increase it, as well as the impact of organic fertilizers on soil fertility. The article presents evidence-based data on the study of the effect of soybean, mung bean and oat sowing in different ways with deep, medium and shallow tillage after harvesting winter wheat in conditions prone to wind erosion with low fertility, on the mechanical composition of light irrigated meadow saz, slightly saline soils for the number of bacteria accumulating nitrogen in the roots of legumes and root crop residues macroaggregates in the soil between the options increased by 0.1-10%, soil porosity by 0.6-1.5, humus content by 0.001-0.004%, total nitrogen by 0.005%, the content of nitrate nitrogen by 0.1-3.6 mg/kg. In the variants with row crops of soybean and mung bean after tillage to a depth of 30 cm after winter wheat, the yield of mung bean grain was 16.5 c/ha, and soybean 18.8 c/ha, where the mung bean yield was higher by 2.1 c/ha, and soybeans by 2.5 c/ha compared with chisel treatment to an average depth of 22-24 cm. tillage to a depth of 14-16 cm using a cultivator. With ordinary sowing, mung bean achieved a profitability of 48.1%, and soybeans 52.7%. When growing cotton next year against the background of row sowing of repeated crops of mung bean and soybeans with a plow to a depth of 30 cm after harvesting winter wheat, the yield from cotton sown after mung bean was 33.4 centners / ha, and after soybeans 34.2 centners / ha and the level of profitability increased by 39.5%.
The effect of organic fertilizer application in growing amarant (amaranthus) plant
Authors: Chorshanbiyev U Y , Allanov Kh K , Safaraliyev L H , Berdiboev E Y
Published: March 2023

The world’s population is increasing by an average of 80 million people per year, in 2025 there will be 8 billion people on the planet. The population of the Republic of Uzbekistan is increasing by 650-670 thousand people per year, it will reach 47 million by 2026. This research was aimed at developing a scientifically based system of organic fertilizers in the cultivation of ecologically clean high-grain crops from white and red amaranth varieties of the amaranth plant in the organic farming method. The results showed that According to the results of the phenological observation of the plants, the germination of white amaranth in the control (without fertilizer) option was 82.4%, and it was determined that it was 95.1% in the option of applying 5.0 tons of biohumus per hectare, and 90.9% in the option of applying 20.0 tons of organic fertilizer (manure) per hectare.
Study on the effect of cotton fiber temperature on cleaning effects
Authors: Utashov Z , Usmonkulov A , Djamolov R , Egamberdiyev F
Published: March 2023

This article presents the results of research on increasing the cleaning efficiency of cotton by heating. As a result, the cleaning efficiency decreased with increasing equipment productivity. However, in the IV-industrial variety with high moisture content of cotton, the temperature of the cotton fiber was 30 when the working productivity increased to 6000 kg/h. Cleaning efficiency at 32°S was found to have reached 45.3%, indicating that the air temperature was 110 which corresponds to 130°S.
Influence of the amount and fineness of grinding of ammonium sulfate on the properties of sulfate-containing urea
Authors: Saydullayev A , Namazov Sh , Mirsalimova S , Usanbaev N , Temirov U
Published: March 2023

The objective of this work is to determine the optimal technological mode for obtaining sulfated urea with a balanced content of nitrogen and sulfur by adding ammonium sulfate to the urea melt before granulation. The article presents the results of a study of the dependence of the properties of sulfated urea on the degree of grinding and on the amount of ammonium sulfate, expressed by the mass ratio of CO (NH2)2: (NH4)2SO4 = 100 : (2.5-50). Methods for obtaining, granulating and studying the properties of sulfated urea samples are presented. In fertilizers obtained with the addition of ammonium sulfate to the urea melt at the studied ratios, the strength of the granules increases from the initial 2,53 to 4,80 MPa, the gyroscopic point decreases from 58,4% to 52,3. It was also revealed that when ammonium sulfate is added to the urea melt, the density and viscosity of the melt increase with an increase in the amount of ammonium sulfate introduced. At 135 ° C, an increase in the addition of ammonium sulfate from 2,5 to 50,0 mass parts per 100 mass parts of urea leads to an increase in density from 1,162 to 1,412 g/cm3, viscosity from 2,56 to 7,91 cΠɜ. It was found that the smaller the particle size of ammonium sulfate, the higher the strength of the urea granules. With a decrease in the dispersion of ammonium sulfate particles from 0,25 to 0,04 mm, the strength of sulfated urea granules increases, the presence of ammonium sulfate in the composition of urea reduces the dissolution rate, which makes it possible to prolong their action, in addition, it lowers the pH of the product, which prevents the release of ammonia during storage and transportation sulfated urea.
Study on the effect of wheat yellow rust disease on grain yield
Authors: Gulmurodov R A
Published: March 2023

Wheat provides food for 40 percent of the world’s population. As of July 2022, 770.3 million tons of wheat grains were grown in the countries of the world. In recent years, as a result of climate change, rainfall in some countries is low or in some countries it is high, as a result of which various diseases appear, affecting wheat harvest as well as all agricultural crops. Wheat is affected by several fungal diseases and causes damage to the crop, among these diseases yellow rust kills a large part of the wheat crop. The article presents information on the effect of yellow rust disease on the crop and the effect of several fungicides against it.
Application of audio analysis in cultivated insect farms in Uzbekistan
Authors: Mikhaylov D M , Iskandarov Z S , Grudovich E V , Rakovec I R I , Shazhaev Sh , Emam H G I , Rybak A K
Published: March 2023

Despite the merits of setting up farms to grow cultivated insects, the dramatic climate change on the planet creates some barriers to the successful maintenance of such farms and their distribution. This article discusses a method for increasing the productivity of cultivated insect farms by introducing an audio and video analysis system using artificial intelligence technologies. The prospects for the introduction of systems on farms of cultivated insects are disclosed in order to minimize the effects of adverse environmental conditions on insects, as well as to reduce production costs by minimizing the use of manual labor on the farm. The results showed that the impact of external factors on individuals of crickets Acheta Domesticus directly affects their stridulation and makes it possible to identify and timely eliminate the impact of adverse environmental conditions. It must be answered that it is critically important in the analysis of cricket stridulations to take into account such factors as: the circadian rhythm and the time of mass eating of food by crickets in the morning.
Study on the process of producing sodium percarbonate
Authors: Erkaeva N , Kaipbergenov A , Erkaev A , Kucharov B
Published: March 2023

To increase the washing efficiency and more completely remove stained impurities, chemical bleaches are introduced into the composition of SD (synthetic detergents), the most common of which are peroxide salts - sodium peroxocarbonate (percarbonate) and sodium peroxoborate (perborate).The theoretical substantiation of the process of interaction of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide in the three-component reciprocal system Na2CO3-H2O2-H2O by the visual-polythermal and isothermal method at 10 and 30°C is carried out. The formation of new compounds of the compositions: Na2CO3•1,5H2O2, Na2CO3•H2O•2H2O2 and Na2CO3•2H2O2 was established, for which the concentration limits of existence were determined. New compounds are identified by chemical and physico-chemical analysis methods.
Study on the effect of the green manure application on soil fertility
Authors: Kenjaev Yu , Davronova F P
Published: March 2023

The natural soil and climatic conditions of green manure crops are taken into account. It is important to choose the types suitable for growing them for different purposes (as a main, repeated crop, animal feed, mulching), to increase the yield and quality of green manure crops, to achieve high green biomass by using optimal seeding periods and rootstock thicknesses. One of the urgent tasks is to carry out research in the priority areas such as increasing the soil fertility and cotton yield by crushing the cultivated green biomass and spreading it evenly on the field, plowing it into the soil at different times and depths. In order to increase soil fertility, the use of pure bean and colza and their mixtures as green manure has increased. The percentage of macroaggregates in the driving layer before the first irrigation increased by 13.0–13.45% compared to the control, and by 16.55–17.4% before the last irrigation. As a result, the volume mass of the soil is reduced to 0.02-0.04 g/cm3, and the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus (P2O5) and exchangeable potassium (K2O) in the form of ammonium (N-NH4) and nitrate (N-NO3) in the soil is lower than in the control-green manure and caused a slight increase compared to the option.
Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Tropical Red Algae Gracilaria sp. from Bintan Island, Indonesia
Authors: Hidayati JR , Karlina I , Ningsih DPN , Wijaya A , Bahry MS
Published: March 2023

Macroalgae that grow in the tropics are continuously exposed to ultraviolet radiation and sunlight. Macroalgae have self-defense to avoid damage caused by ultraviolet radiation by carrying out secondary metabolism and producing several bioactive compounds. The bioactive compounds produced have the potential to be utilized to inhibit free radicals that can cause degenerative diseases in humans. This research aims to identify bioactive compounds and determine the antioxidant activity, total phenolic compound, total flavonoid compound, and pigment content of red algaeGracilariasp. from Bintan island. This research has the novelty of the sampling location to be later developed into a sustainable resource in the pharmaceutical field.Gracilariasp. found in Bintan island was taken, dried in indirect sunlight, and macerated using universal solvent methanol. Phytochemical testing was conducted to determine the presence of flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, saponins, and tannins. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH as a free radical at the maximum wavelength of DPPH (515 nm) with an incubation time of 55 minutes. Total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were determined using standard solutions of gallic acid and quercetin, respectively. The results showed that the methanol extract ofGracilariasp. contains flavonoid and tannin compounds, has a chlorophyll-a content of 0.43 mg/g, a carotenoid content of 0.91 µmol/g, the total phenolic compound of 4.67 mg/GAE g, total flavonoid compound of 2.26 mg/QE g and has antioxidant activity with IC50value of 982.25 ppm. Utilization ofGracilariasp extract from Bintan waters as a pharmaceutical ingredient is expected to increase prospects and sustainable use in the pharmaceutical and health fields.
Optimization of Pb Adsorption from Seawater from Former Bauxite Mines Using Crab Shell Waste
Authors: Pardi Hilfi , Fitriyah Dina , Silitonga Friska Septiani , Edelwis Tri Widya , Fitri Annisa , Sari Martin Agustina
Published: March 2023

Crab shell waste can cause pollution to the surrounding environment, but has the potential to be used as a biosorbent in the absorption of heavy metals, especially Pb because crab shells contain CaCO3 and chitin. Methods: Several variables that play a role in the biosorption process, among others: initial metal concentration, biosorbent mass, and contact time. Pb metal was determined by the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method. Results: The results showed that the crab shell biosorbent contained Pb 0.019 mg/g. The concentration of Pb in the shell was used as a correction factor. Optimal result for parameter of initial concentration of Pb is 100 mg/L with efficiency percentage (99.11 ± 0.02)% and adsorption capacity (620.15 ± 0.3) ug/g. The optimal result of contact time is 120 minutes with efficiency percentage (91.22 ± 0.13)%. The optimal yield of biosorbent mass based on the percentage efficiency (98.01 ± 0.2)% is 2 grams. Conclusion: This study can show that crab shell waste can be used as an effective biosorbent for Pb metal adsorption. The results of the optimization of the best factors to be used in the biosorption process of Pb metal were the initial concentration of 100 mg/L, the mass of the biosorbent was 3 grams and the contact time was 110 minutes. The optimum conditions for Pb adsorption were successfully applied to seawater from the former bauxite mine.
Ecological Risk Assessment of Oil Spill in Seribu Islands Coastal Area (SICA)
Authors: Salim A
Published: March 2023

The Study of Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) of oil spill in Seribu Islands Coastal Area (SICA) was done in Oil Company near Pertamina’s authorization mining territory. From the simulation of chance release model using fault tree analysis, the rate of chance release at 4.95 tons of particles of oil is acquired in an amount of 105.009 x 10
−7
. Supported by data on the oceanographic dynamics existing in the SICA which consist of climate, physical and chemistry characteristics are processed using Gnome Analysis was predicted. The final position of oil particle from oil company near Pertamina. From the simulation using Gnome for the locations of SICA at North of Jakarta, the endpoint of the spill for the simulation period is two months after the oil spill event in both. The results of the simulation of oil spills in part of SICA (East Karawang waters) where the location of the Pertamina Oil Refinery was leaked off the East Karawang coast showed the distribution of crude oil headed to the northwest and touched Bekasi Beach and Happy be achin the SICA in two months of observation. There are oceanographic dynamics and characteristics of oil spilled on 29 July 2019 in Karawang Waters provided information to coastal communities in both locations to give a negative perception of the impact of ecological risks. Nearly 85% of the Karawang coastal communities to the Thousand Islands border provide negative perspectives to the government, especially polluters, in this case Pertamina YYA-1 East Karawang.
Seabed morphology characterization for Indonesian cable-based tsunameter route in Cilacap Segment, Indonesia
Authors: Ardhyastuti S , Husein S , Muljawan D , Haryadi Y , Wiguna T , Febriawan H K , Putra A P , Tohari A , Marcino A R R I , Nugroho A B , Sudaryanto A
Published: March 2023

The Indonesian government has initiated a program for Ina Tsunami Early Warning System by the development of sea level monitoring systems including a Cable-Based Tsunameter. Seabed feature characterization is a critical part of the engineering design process as well as for the understanding of environmental impacts. This study aims to characterize the seabed morphology along the cable route plan at the Cilacap segment by analyzing the seafloor mapping and identifying of any existing hazards. A series of marine surveys for the data acquisition hydro-acoustic and geophysics was conducted by RV Baruna Jaya IV, in December 2020. The analysis and interpretation of seabed geomorphology were conducted using qualitative methods on four Blocks. Results indicate anthropogenic objects (debris, wreck, and scars), while the features of ripples, and pockmarks. Furthermore, sediment layers which are interpreted into four units from the top to bottom shows fine grained sediment towards the top. Finally, the hazard assessment denotes that there are three hazard categories (low, medium, and high), of which the highest category is located in the pockmark cluster (Block 4). The existing CBT cable route place is faced with geomorphological obstacles and environmental threats, so it’s recommended to change the route as far as 50meters.
Carrying capacity of mangrove environment for development of river cruise ecotourism in Pengudang, Bintan Island, Indonesia
Authors: Apdillah D , Wahyudin  , Razai T S , Chalet C , Suryanti A , Zulkarnaen Y , Azizah D
Published: March 2023

Mangrove ecotourism management requires information about the ability of the ecosystem to support the presence of tourists so that environmental damage due to human activities can be minimized. This study aims to analyze the suitability of Mangrove Ecotourism for River Cruise in Pengudang Village and recommend the carrying capacity of mangrove ecosystems for ecotourism. The study was conducted using a Geographic Information System approach, data was collected through a Criteria survey for ecotourism to explore rivers and analyzed using a weighting and assessment approach. The results showed that the Pengudang mangrove ecosystem was feasible to be developed for River Cruise ecotourism with a TSI value ranging from 64-75%. Cluster 3 has the largest TSI value of 75%. This is influenced by several parameters such as the density of mangroves and the diversity of mangrove species in the area which attracts visitors to conduct tourism and educational activities. The limiting parameters in River Cruise ecotourism activities in Pengudang are the width of the river and the depth of the river which can only be passed by boats under 5 GT. The carrying capacity or ability of the mangrove ecosystem to accommodate ecological tourism reaches a maximum of 106 people/day.
Target strength of seahorse (Hippocampus kuda) based on presence dorsal and ventral aspect of brood pouch: a experiment hydroacoustic using artificial neural network
Authors: Apdillah D , Jaya I , Manik H M , Hestirianoto T , Iqbal M , Agung M G , Mamun A
Published: March 2023

Hydroacoustic technology is a tool can be used to study the behavior of organisms. The target strength of an object is main key in hydroacoustic technology. The value of target strength is strongly influenced by level of hardness of object, in this case the seahorse has a different level of hardness between dorsal and ventral aspect. The unique of male seahorse that experiences pregnancy and keeps it’s baby in brood pouch until it hatches. This can be used as a difference between males and females based on value of target strength. Acoustic data recording using single beam scientific echosounder SIMRAD EK-15 and Sonar-4 processing software. The results showed that mean TS value of pregnant male seahorses (with brood pouch) was smaller than of female seahorses (without brood pouch), there were differences in structure composition and anatomy of the brood pouch which backscattering strength to decrease. The artificial neural network shows that there is a difference in response between seahorse (having a brood pouch/male) compared seahorse (without a brood pouch/female). The results showed that was a difference in dorsal aspect of 87.5% and ventral aspect of 98.6%. The results of this study can be used as key to distinguish sex of seahorses using the hydroacoustic method.
Biological aspects, exploitation rates, and spawning potential ratio of scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834) in Lampung Bay waters, Indonesia
Authors: Nugraha B , Samusamu A S , Puspasari R , Oktaviani D , Rachmawati R , Rachmawati P F , Sulaeman P S , Hartati S T , Wiadnyana N N
Published: March 2023

The scalloped hammerhead shark is an endangered species that is listed in CITES Appendix II. Information on the biological aspects, exploitation rate, and spawning potential ratio of scalloped hammerhead sharks are very limited, especially in Lampung Bay waters. These data were important to find solutions and the best management to sustain the scalloped hammerhead sharks in Indonesia, especially in Lampung Bay waters. The aim of this study is to investigate the biological aspects, exploitation rates, and spawning potential ratios of scalloped hammerhead sharks in Lampung water. Scalloped hammerhead shark samples were collected from the catch of bottom gillnet in Kalianda Fish Landing Place, Lampung Province. Enumerators collected biometric data (length and weight) of 332 scalloped hammerhead sharks from July to November 2020. Biological aspects include distribution of length, length-weight (L-W) relationships, length at first capture, and length at first maturity. The utilization rate was calculated using the exploitation rate (E) and the estimated SPR based on length data. The results show that the length of scalloped hammerhead sharks ranged from 37.5 to 173.0 cm FL. Most of the samples fish had not spawned yet or were immature (Lc
=47.1 cm FL; Lm
=89.4 cm FL). The growth pattern of scalloped hammerhead sharks was allometrically negative. Scalloped hammerhead sharks have natural mortality of 0.18/year, while fishing mortality was 1.08/year. The fishing status of scalloped hammerhead sharks in Lampung Bay was fully exploited (E=0.85), and the stocks were in a recruitment overfishing condition. These findings indicate that effective management is required to ensure the sustainability of scalloped hammerhead sharks in Lampung Bay waters, such as adjusting mesh size, fishing season, and avoiding capture in the nursery area.
The strategy for the resolution of marine pollution on the northern coast of Bintan Island Indonesia due to sludge oil with the principle of cooperation to realize the sustainable development goals
Authors: Thahira Atika , Daulay Zainul , Ferdi  , Syofyan Syofirman
Published: March 2023

One marine pollution source is oil discharge from vessel activity, then spread by the current and the wind. Such as the pollution of the North Coast of Bintan Island adjacent to the Singapore Strait caused by sludge oil which has occurred for years. This pollution has an impact on the sustainability of marine resources and tourism in the area. The countermeasure by the local government is to collect sludge oil using nets. This paper is the result of research on the solution strategy. The research methodology uses Doctrinal legal research with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Based on research results the solution strategy for sustainability to marine is to apply the principle of cooperation for user states and littoral states of the Singapore Strait by the treaty because the case is not easy to prove causality through scientific verification, the solution that can be done is by applying the principle of cooperation with bilateral or multilateral cooperation agreements between the littoral state and the user state in the Singapore Strait. That way most effective in resolution and avoiding conflict.
A Dataset Development for ASEAN’s Blue Economic Posture: Measuring Southeast Asian Countries Capacities and Capabilities on Harnessing the Ocean Economy
Authors: Setiawan Azhari , Wahyudi Herry
Published: March 2023

In the new global economy, Blue Economy has become a central issue, including for Southeast Asian Countries regarding its potentials as key drivers of economic growth and innovation. ASEAN member countries has declared to commit on taking the lead on the regional cooperation in relation to the Blue Economy through ASEAN Leaders’ Declaration on the Blue Economy, last 26 October 2021, in Brunei Darussalam. Besides the economic opportunities, Blue Economy has responsibilities to carry out due to the need to ensure ocean sustainability and rules-based ocean governance. We applied descriptive-quantitative methods on building the dataset and some preliminary analysis. As a result, we succeeded identifying ASEAN member countries capacities and capabilities regarding the Blue Economy implementations. We managed to develop ASEAN Blue Economy Dataset using numbers of official and reputable macro-economic and political-security data which are related to established and emerging sectors of Blue Economy. By using the data and indices generated from the dataset, we measured ASEAN ‘Blue Economic Posture’ to quantify and portray ASEAN’s trajectory to actualize sustainable ocean economy in term of capacity building and potential cooperation initiatives.
Maritime Potential Optimization in the Riau Islands Province
Authors: Wira Winata , Arianto Bismar , Adhayanto Oksep , Sucipta Pery Rehendra , Nurhasanah  , Astono Purwo , Wulandari Sekar Nur , Adiwijaya Zulkarnaen
Published: March 2023

The archipelagic province’s maritime development has thus far been disproportionately attributed to fisheries and primary marine activities, restricting the evaluation of the ideal maritime sector optimization within the economy. The maritime notion and its scope apply to activities in more diverse fields. It accords with experts' conceptual and theoretical definitions and the Indonesian legal perspective as well). This study aims to assess the extent to which maritime performance optimization has occurred throughout the Riau Islands Province based on seventeen activities. Using a well-known quantitative technique, i.e., Location Quotient, Shift-Share, Overlay, and Klassen's Typology, we found that maritime optimization performed differently in each district and municipality of the Riau Islands Province. Based on the results, Batam is the region with the best maritime sector performance, followed by Bintan, Tanjungpinang, Karimun, and Lingga. Meanwhile, Anambas and Natuna are relatively lagging. In addition, the study results show that the optimization of the maritime sector is not limited to the creation of added value in primary outputs such as fisheries, mining, and quarrying. It also considers secondary and tertiary maritime activities such as manufacturing, trade, and services such as sea transportation, accommodation, food, and beverages, where there are many marine tourism activities. In addition, the results suggest that maritime sector optimization is not restricted to creating added value in the primary output but also secondary and tertiary.
Overtaking Marine Pollution Issues for Sustainable Eco-Tourism in Mapur Island
Authors: Putri A , Kamila S F
Published: March 2023

Kepulauan Riau, which is located in the border area, is endowed with a lot of potential of fisheries and maritime resources. It has high potential on leveraging blue economy of Indonesia. The waters of the Kepulauan Riau presenting the beauty of the sea from the coast to its underwater natural charm such as coral reef ecosystems and marine biota, provide important prospects for the Kepulauan Riau to be able to increase the blue economy through sustainable tourism. For this reason, this study aims to find out what programs have been carried out by the government and civil society in order to realize sustainable tourism in the Kepulauan Riau. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method. The key findings of this research shows that even though Kepulauan Riau is one of the primary target of traditional and non-traditional strategic market of ASEAN, however, the enforcement of sustainable tourism remain deal with several obstacles and challenges that come up with uncompleted goals of the blue economy.
Assessment of Mangrove Ecosystem Potential in Bontang Regency-East Kalimantan to Reduce Abrasion
Authors: Sudirman N , Salim H L , Rustam A , Ati R N A , Hernina R , Marini Y , Suryono D D
Published: March 2023

The Potential of mangroves in Indonesia is quite large because it is covered of 22% of the total area of mangrove forests in the world with high species diversity. Nowadays, the area of ecosystem mangrove in Indonesia has decreased by 30-50% in the past half century. Bontang City is known for its fishery products, both marine products, and processed fishery products. Pressure on the mangrove ecosystem also occurs in the city of Bontang. The increasing population living on the coast, the mangrove forest of Bontang City continues to be under pressure in the form of timber extraction and land conversion. This study propose an integrated approach of remote sensing and Geographical Information System. Mangrove area identified by using Mangrove Vegetation Index (MVI) in the form [NIR-Green]/[SWIR-Green]. Time series analysis also conducted in order to asses mangrove area dynamics. Area for mangrove rehabilitation is carried out using combination approach between Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) overlaid with flooded vegetation areas from esri.com. NDMI was obtained from formula [NIR-SWIR]/[NIR+SWIR]. The analysis observations from 2017 to 2021 show that development activities in Bontang coastal area are increased but this condition does not interfere with mangrove growth because based on the results of the analysis, the area of mangroves is enhanced by 153.80 ha. Based on the analysis, there are 2 (two) villages which is the most potential for mangrove rehabilitation area namely Bontang Kuala about 115.7 ha (71.94%) and Tanjung Laut Indah 21.2 Ha or 13.19%. The result provides a model that can be used as a reference for policymakers in efforts to manage mangrove ecosystems for protection and restoration on the coast of Bontang City
Carbon Stock in The Sediment of Mangrove Forest at The Coast of Dompak Island, Riau Islands
Authors: Brabo Aurigha Haidar , Addini Indri , Irawan Henky
Published: March 2023

The increase of the organic carbon in the environment that was not followed by carbon adsorbents will trigger climate change that contributes to global warming. The mangrove forest is the ecosystem that can absorb carbon emission from the environment and reserve it in its leaves, stems, and sediment. This research aimed to show the information related to the estimated organic carbon value stored in the mangrove forest’s sediments on Dompak Island. This research was conducted in December 2020 at Dompak Island, Riau Islands. Carbon stock data was evaluated using the LOI (Loss On Ignition) method. The sediment specimens were collected from 5 stations. The result showed that the north station has the highest carbon content, 443.1 tons C/ha, and the south station has the lowest carbon content, 223.65 tons C/ha. The result from the statistic analysis using a one-way ANOVA test between the locations showed that the organic value carbon content in Dompak Island with the significance value of 0.05 stated that there is no real difference.
Undertaking climate change risk reduction: a case study of Green Siak in Indonesia
Authors: Samnuzulsari T , Elsera M , Artini Y D , Susanto H , Yudiatmaja W E , Utari D S
Published: March 2023

The growing body of literature addresses the role of state and non-state actors in the programme for reducing climate change risk. Unfortunately, the research studies collaboration among the stakeholders is extremely scarce. This paper contributes to the recent debates by seeking the collaboration between local government and civil societies in taking part in the issue of reducing climate change effect. By looking in-depth at the green Siak programme in Indonesia, we portray the actors, activities, and programme collaborated and conducted along with government and non-government organizations. This research applied a qualitative approach. The data were collected using interviews and secondary sources. The results show that the local government, as the programme initiator, can develop a mutual relationship with various civil society organisations. The programme covers environmental preservation and community forestry, contributed to reducing climate change impact in the long term. In addition, the programme is also supported by the private sector, leading to complete collaboration among triangle actors (government, civil society, and private sector). The findings add to our knowledge of climate change risk reduction by considering the collaboration processes among the actors. It is also helpful to strengthen the practice of climate change mitigation.
Reply to Comment on: ‘Experimental indications of non-classical brain function’ (2022 Journal of Physics Communications

6 105001)
Authors: Kerskens Christian , López Pérez David
Published: March 2023

We have recently suggested a proposal to explore non-classicality in the brain, for which we developed an entanglement witness protocol using MRI. The witness protocol intended to find spin interactions which could not be explained by classical interactions, based on intermolecular multiple quantum coherence (iMQC). As for Warren’s comments, we show in more detail that this was indeed the case; our observations were certainly not generated by interactions based on the iMQC model. Further, we discuss some additional details not present in the original paper.
ICEGAN: inverse covariance estimating generative adversarial network
Authors: Kim Insoo , Lee Minhyeok , Seok Junhee
Published: March 2023

Owing to the recent explosive expansion of deep learning, several challenging problems in a variety of fields have been handled by deep learning, yet deep learning methods have been limited in their application to the network estimation problem. While network estimation has a possibility to be a useful method in various domains, deep learning-based network estimation has a limitation in that the number of variables must be fixed and the estimation cannot be performed by convolutional layers. In this study, we propose a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) based method, called Inverse Covariance Estimating GAN (ICEGAN), which can alleviate these limitations. In ICEGAN, the concepts in Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks are modified for the problem and employed to adopt gene expression data. Additionally, the Monte Carlo approach is used to address the fixed size in the network estimation process. Thus, sub-networks are sampled from the entire network and estimated by ICEGAN; then, the Monte Carlo approach reconstructs the entire network with the estimations. In the simulation study, ICEGAN demonstrated superior performances compared to conventional models and the ordinary GAN model in estimating networks. Specifically, ICEGAN outperformed an ordinary GAN by 85.9% on average when the models were evaluated using the area under curve. In addition, ICEGAN performed gene network estimation of breast cancer using a gene expression dataset. Consequently, ICEGAN demonstrated promising results, considering the deep learning-based network estimation and the proposed Monte Carlo approach for GAN models, both of which can be expanded to other domains.
Optimal Calculation of Mean Pressure From Pulse Pressure
Authors: Tien Liam Y H , Morgan William H , Cringle Stephen J , Yu Dao-Yi
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

There are six different formulae for estimating mean arterial pressure (MAP) from systolic and diastolic pressure readings. This study is to determine the optimum formula for calculating MAP when compared to the gold standard approach, which is the area under the curve of an invasively measured pulse waveform divided by the cardiac cycle duration.

METHODS

Eight live pigs were used as the experimental model for the invasive measurement of femoral artery pressure (AP) by a fluid filled catheter connected with a pressure transducer. In addition, intraocular pressure (IOP) and jugular vein pressure (JVP) were also recorded. The mean pressure (MP) was calculated from digital waveforms sampled at 1,000 points per second with the six formulae and area method for AP, IOP and JVP.

RESULTS

The absolute mean difference between the area MAP and each formula’s MAP ranged from 0.98 to 3.23 mm Hg. Our study also found that even under physiological conditions, area MAP can vary between successive pulses by up to 5 mm Hg. For mean IOP and JVP, the mean difference between a formula’s MP and the area method’s was less than 1 mm Hg for most formulae. With the pooled data, there was excellent agreement amongst all formulae for MAP with the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) ranging from 0.97 to 0.99, while the ICC of most formulae for IOP and JVP was 1.0.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study suggests that all current formulae are adequate for estimating MAP, though some formulae are not suitable for mean IOP and JVP.
Management of Severe Botulinum-Induced Eyelid Ptosis With Pretarsal Botulinum Toxin and Oxymetazoline Hydrochloride 0.1%
Authors: Bernardini Francesco P , Skippen Brent , Croasdell Brittony , Cerón Bohórquez Jair Mauricio , Murray Gillian , Sayed Karim , Walker Lee , Hartstein Morris E ,   for the Complications in Medical Aesthetics Collaborative (CMAC) Study Group, Bernardini Francesco , Cerón Bohórquez Jair Mauricio , Croasdell Brittony , Murray Gillian
Published: March 2023

Background

Eyelid ptosis following periocular onabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-A) treatment is a known complication that can be frustrating for both patients and practitioners. Iatrogenic blepharoptosis occurs due to local spread of the BoNT-A from the periocular region into the levator palpebrae superioris muscle. Although injectors should have a thorough understanding of the relevant anatomy in order to prevent it, BoNT-A induced ptosis can occur even in the most experienced hands.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to describe a case series of patients treated effectively with topical oxymetazoline HCl 0.1% and pretarsal BoNT-A injections in the setting of botox-induced ptosis.

Methods

The study group consisted of 8 patients who had undergone recent cosmetic BoNT-A treatment preceding the sudden onset of unilateral upper eyelid ptosis.

Results

A diagnosis of severe ptosis (>3 mm) was made in all the cases in this series. Pretarsal BoNT-A injections alone or in association with topical administration of Upneeq eyedrops (Upneeq, Osmotica Pharmaceuticals, Marietta, GA) significantly reversed the ptosis in all treated cases.

Conclusions

This is the first documented case series of patients treated effectively with topical oxymetazoline HCl 0.1% and pretarsal BoNT-A injections in the setting of botox-induced ptosis. This treatment combination is a safe and effective option in these cases.

Level of Evidence: 4