bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Bauran Pemasaran Islami Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Hijab Di Big Mall Samarinda
Authors: Sarnining Sarnining , Iswadi Muhammad , Yusran Yusran
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine the product, price, place, and promotion partially and simultaneously have a significant effect on purchasing decisions for hijab at Big Mall Samarinda.

            This study uses quantitative methods because it emphasizes testing theories through measuring research variables by analyzing data with statistical procedures. In this study, four variables X and Y variables were used, namely the product variable (X1), price (X2), place (X3), promotion (X3), and purchase decision (Y). The types of data used in this study are primary and secondary data. The sampling method used is by using the Cochran formula with a sample of 100 respondents. The method of data collection in this study used observation, questionnaires/questionnaires and documentation. The data analysis technique in this study uses a validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test consisting of (normality test, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, linearity, and autocorrelation), and multiple linear regression analysis test consisting of (t test, F test, and test R).

            The results of this study indicate that the product variable partially has a significant effect on purchasing decisions with a significant value of 0.043 ≤ 0.05, the price variable partially has no significant effect on purchasing decisions with a significant value of 0.733 ≥ 0.05, the place variable partially has a significant effect on decisions. purchases with a significant value of 0.000 ≤ 0.05, the promotion variable partially has a significant effect on purchasing decisions with a significant value of 0.000 ≤ 0.05. The results of this study indicate that the product, price, place, and promotion variables simultaneously have a significant effect on purchasing decisions with a significant value of 0.000 ≤ 0.05. The effect of all variables in this study was 73.4% while 26.6% was influenced by other variables.

Keywords: Islamic Marketing Mix on Purchase Decision
Analisis Pengaruh Kepercayaan, Kemudahan, Kualitas Informasi, Produk Halal, Terhadap Minat Pembelian Di Shopee Barokah (Studi Kasus Pada Generasi Z Muslim Di Samarinda)
Authors: Alfani Nur Maulidiah , Nurzaroni Akhmad , Hasbi Muhamad
Published: July 2023

The development of the internet is currently very rapid, and provides benefits and convenience in various daily activities. One of the many internet users in Indonesia is generation Z. Generation Z was born when the use of technology was rife and this generation prefers to make shopping transactions online through e-commerce sites or from social media, because it is considered more practical, economical time, and can be anywhere, and shopping activities are now more practical and easier with the presence of a marketplace that provides a variety of goods needed by consumers, namely the shopee marketplace, because it's an easy way to shop and many people like it. And Shopee has also developed its application by working with Muslim consumers by publishing its newest feature, the Shopee Barokah feature. This study aims to determine the effect of trust, convenience, quality of information, and halal products on purchase intention at shopee barokah (a case study on generation Z Muslims in Samarinda).This study uses quantitative research methods. The population of this study is Generation Z Muslims in Samarinda. The sampling technique uses a probability sampling technique or random sample where each individual or each sampling unit in the population has or has the same opportunity to be taken or selected as a sample with a total of 96 respondents. Data collection techniques used are questionnaires and documentation. The data analysis method used is validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple regression analysis test, t test, F test, coefficient of determination test using SPSS.The results obtained are the variables of trust and convenience partially have no significant effect on buying interest at shopee barokah. While the variable quality of information and halal products partially has a significant effect on buying interest at shopee barokah. The variables of trust, convenience, quality of information, and halal products simultaneously have a significant effect on buying interest at shopee barokah. The variables of trust, convenience, quality of information, and halal products affect buying interest at shopee barokah by 75.0%.
Inclusion of Definitions in Legislative Drafting: A Necessity or a Luxury?
Authors: Ezzerouali Souad , Chami Yassine
Published: July 2023

Legislative drafting is a crucial element in the formation of legal norms. The success of these norms depends on the accuracy of the words used and the appropriateness of its tools, as it is subject to a set of rules and mechanisms that the legislator must follow, whether at the level of form or at the level of content. Our study will focus on the rule related to using definitions in the exact way to include them in the legislative drafting. It aims to standardize the terms used by the legislator in the legal text in order to avoid any confusion or ambiguity about these terms, and to distinguish it from other meanings that may come in other texts but in a different concepts. The research problem revolves around the extent to which legislation needs to include definitions in laws, is it a necessity or just a luxury? We will address this problem using the descriptive and comparative approach by dividing the study into two parts, the first part deal with the need to include definitions in laws, and the second part addresses the norms governing the use of definitions in legislative drafting. We conclude, that adding a legal definition to the legislative process, giving it legal meaning, would perpetuate the rigid, ossified concept of law. Contrast that with jurisprudential definitions, which sometimes change the true meaning of jurists' terms. However, each definition will be kept in line with the pace of legislation to keep up with the pace of social development, in case it becomes outdated or needs to be supplemented.

Keywords: legal drafting, definitions, improvement of law, legal security.
Islam and Maritime Security Cooperation Zone for Combating Terrorism: An Overview of Islamic Legal Thought
Authors: Prakasa Satria Unggul Wicaksana , Al-Fatih Sholahuddin , Bachtiar Hasnan
Published: July 2023

This article aims to examine the phenomenon of cooperation among Southeast Asian countries in dealing with the case of maritime security and counter-terrorism. The study uses the legal approach covering both international law and Islamic law perspectives. The finding of this article reveals that the implementation of the ASEAN Convention on Counter-Terrorism (ACCT) plays a crucial role in combating terrorism in the context of maritime security. Furthermore, relevant ASEAN member state authorities need follow-up support to enhance cooperation. The supports are important to counter, prevent, and suppress terrorism, terrorist organizations, associations, and networks' plans of the act. Yet, the implementation of ASEAN cooperation has faced the challenging reality of the paradox of maritime sovereignty among states in the region. The problem is likely encouraged by the factor of the internal political dynamics within each state involving the instrumentalization of the issue of national security. Instead of remaining as the problem on the surface, the conceptual initiation of the cooperation forged by religious doctrine such as ta'awun may be considered.
Faith-Based Organizations’ Humanitarian Work from the Disaster Risk Governance Perspective: Lessons from Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Prianto Andi Luhur , Usman Sunyoto , Amri Aqmal Reza , Nurmandi Achmad , Qodir Zuly , Jubba Hasse , Ilik Goran
Published: July 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has represented a risk to human life. “What is the role of religion in disaster risk governance” is a critical question for Faith-Based Organizations (FBOs) in times of crisis. As a religious observance form, FBOs must correlate sacred religious doctrines with practical problems of human life and build sustainable actions in disaster governance. This study seeks to examine further the significance of religion-based organizations in the agenda for handling the adverse effects of the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper uses qualitative research methods with NVivo 12 Plus as a data processing tool. The results of this study indicate that in emergency response, recovery, prevention, and preparedness, FBOs in Indonesia are integrated and encourage interfaith collaboration in handling the COVID-19 pandemic. The FBOs demonstrate the ability to collaborate across non-state sectors and play a multidimensional role. Through the sacred doctrine of religion, FBO mobilizes its members to comply with government policies and participate in efforts to mitigate the adverse effects of the covid 19 pandemic. Thus, maslahah, also known as the objectives of sharia, is an essential Islamic law principle that encourages Islamic organizations to engage in disaster risk governance efforts during the Covid 19 pandemic.
Risk factors for osteoporotic hip fracture among community-dwelling older adults: a real-world evidence study
Authors: Azevedo Daniela Castelo , Hoff Leonardo Santos , Kowalski Sergio Candido , de Andrade Carlos Augusto Ferreira , Trevisani Virgínia Fernandes Moça , de Melo Ana Karla Guedes
Published: July 2023

Background
Hip fractures in the older adults lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Although a low bone mineral density is considered the leading risk factor, it is essential to recognize other factors that could affect the risk of hip fractures. This study aims to evaluate the contribution of clinical characteristics, patient-reported outcomes, and muscle and aerobic capacity for hip fractures in community-dwelling older adults.
Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study with real world-data from subjects ≥ 60 years old attending an outpatient clinic in Minas Gerais, Brazil, from May 1, 2019, to August 22, 2022. Data about clinical characteristics (multimorbidity, medications of long-term use, sedative and or tricyclic medications, number of falls), patient-reported outcomes (self-perception of health, self-report of difficulty walking, self-report of vision problems, and self-report of falls) and muscle and aerobic capacity (calf circumference, body mass index, and gait speed) were retrieved from an electronic health record. The association of each potential risk factor and hip fracture was investigated by a multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex.
Results
A total of 7,836 older adults were included with a median age of 80 years (IQR 72–86) and 5,702 (72.7%) were female. Hip fractures occurred in 121 (1.54%) patients. Multimorbidity was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture (OR = 1.12, 95%CI 1.06–1.18) and each episode of fall increased the chance of hip fracture by 1.7-fold (OR = 1.69, 95%CI 1.52–1.80). Patient-reported outcomes associated with increased fracture risk were regular or poor self-perception of health (OR = 1.59, 95%CI 1.06–2.37), self-report of walking difficulty (OR = 3.06, 95%CI 1.93–4.84), and self-report of falls (OR = 2.23, 95%CI 1.47–3.40). Body mass index and calf circumference were inversely associated with hip fractures (OR = 0.91, 95%CI 0.87–0.96 and OR = 0.93, 95%CI 0.88–0.97, respectively), while slow gait speed increased the chance of hip fractures by almost two-fold (OR = 1.80, 95%CI 1.22–2.66).
Conclusion
Our study reinforces the importance of identified risk factors for hip fracture in community-dwelling older adults beyond bone mineral density and available fracture risk assessment tools. Data obtained in primary care can help physicians, other health professionals, and public health policies to identify patients at increased risk of hip fractures.
Novel compound missense variants in MUSK impair LRP4-MUSK-DOK7 complex associated with congenital myasthenic syndrome 9 and insights into genotype-phenotype correlation
Authors: Qian Yanyan , Jiang Yinmo , Zhou Wenhao , Wu Bingbing , Wang Huijun
Published: July 2023

Background:Congenital myasthenic syndromes are a group of rare neuromuscular transmission disorders. The muscle-specific kinase gene MUSK is one of the disease-causing genes.Method:Trio whole exome sequencing was performed in a patient family with congenital laryngeal achondroplasia. In vitro experiments in HEK293T cells were performed to evaluate the mutant proteins' subcellular distribution and the interactions with LRP4 and DOK7. Furthermore, we reviewed the genotype-phenotype correlations of MUSK variants from the reported literature and our patient.Result:Two novel missense variants, c.1043A>C(p.Gln348Pro) and c.2360C>T(p.Ala787Val) of MUSK, were detected in an 11-month-old girl. The variants were inherited from maternal and paternal, respectively. Compared with the wild-type MUSK protein, the two variants overexpressed in HEK293T cells localized in cytoplasmic rather than the cell membrane. The Gln348Pro was detected to impair the interaction with LRP4 and DOK7 partly. The Ala787Val variant was detected to impair the interaction with DOK7 completely. The genotype-phenotype analysis demonstrated that patients with biallelic truncation variants had earlier onset age than those with biallelic missense variants or missense variants with truncation variants. While considering biallelic missense variants, we found that the patients with variants localized in the tyrosine kinase domain had earlier onset age than those carrying variants in the Ig-like domain and had a higher mortality rate.Conclusion:In this study, we identified two novel MUSK variants cause severe fatal CMSs, expanding the spectrum of MUSK variants. In addition, our data suggest that the null variants or missense variants localized in tyrosine kinase might lead to more severe outcomes, which could give some reminders in prognostication.
Optimization Method of The Clamping Force for Large Cabin Parts
Authors: Yao Shuangji , Luan Yijv , Ceccarelli Marco , Carbone Giuseppe
Published: July 2023

In order to realize a stable clamping of the large cabin part, this paper studied the optimization of the clamping force for the clamping mechanism of the large-mass and large-size cabin part. Firstly, three kinds of contact models are introduced. Then a clamping matrix is constructed for a particular clamping configuration and the nonlinear friction cone constraint at the contact point is transformed into a linear affine constraint in a smooth Riemannian manifold by using the special structure of the positive definite symmetric matrix. Finally, a large cabin part in the aerospace field is used as an example for calculation and simulation of the clamping force optimization. Different optimization algorithms are used to calculate the initial value which will be put into the gradient flow optimization method of the clamping force for optimization calculation. The numerical results and curves show that the gradient flow optimization method of the clamping force can quickly complete the clamping force optimization of the large-mass and large-size cabin part. The distribution of the normal force of the clamping mechanisms and the convergence value of the clamping force for each clamping mechanism can provide some references for determining the output clamping force of the clamping mechanism and confirming a reasonable distribution of the clamping mechanism. It also proved the feasibility and effectiveness of this method applied in the clamping force optimization for the large axial part.
Epigenetic Reshaping through Damage: Promoting Cell Fate Transition by BrdU and IdU Incorporation
Authors: Liu Jing , Li Chuang , Chen Shuyan , Xu Xiaoduo , Guan Tongxing , Xu Anchun , li chen , yu shengyong , Wu Haokaifeng , Pei Duanqing
Published: July 2023

Thymidine analogs have long been recognized for their ability to randomly incorporate into DNA. However, their significance in the chemical induction of pluripotency (CIP) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the impact of BrdU/IdU incorporation on the transition of cell fate through DNA damage repair (DDR). Our findings reveal a substaintial upregulation of reprogramming mediator gene H3K27ac and H3K9ac, as well as global DNA demethylation in response to DDR. This process creates a hypomethylated environment that promotes cell fate transition. We term this mechanism as Epigenetic Reshaping through Damage (ERD). Overall, our study sheds light on the dynamic interplay between thymidine analogs, DDR, and epigenetic modifications, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying cell fate transition.
Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 triggered by Kerguelen Plateau volcanism
Authors: Walker-Trivett Chloe , Kender Sev , Bogus Kara , Littler Kate , Edvardsen Trine , Leng Melanie , Lacey Jack
Published: July 2023

Large Igneous Province (LIP) volcanism is thought to have been the main cause of global warming, ocean anoxia and carbon cycle perturbations associated with Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2, ~94 Ma). However, there is still no consensus on the timing and role volcanism played in triggering carbon cycle changes, or the source of the volcanism that has been previously ascribed to either the Caribbean LIP or High Arctic LIP. Here, we refine the stratigraphic position of OAE2 and the Mid-Cenomanian Event (MCE, ~96.5 Ma) at two sites in the Mentelle Basin (offshore southwestern Australia), and use sedimentary mercury (Hg) abundance to determine the timing of volcanism. Contrary to many Northern Hemisphere records, we report elevated levels of Hg and Hg/total organic carbon (TOC), suggesting OAE2 was initiated by a volcanic source proximal to the Mentelle Basin, such as the Kerguelen LIP. Distinct Hg/TOC pulses preceding the onset of OAE2, and in conjunction with its main phase, suggest volcanic emissions played a central role in triggering and controlling climatic and carbon cycle changes within OAE2. By contrast, we find little evidence to suggest a Southern Hemisphere volcanic episode initiated the MCE. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages and bulk sediment isotopes indicate volcanism caused elevated productivity and probable upwelling in the Southern Hemisphere Mentelle Basin for the duration of OAE2, similar to Northern Hemisphere records.
MRE11 and TREX1 control senescence by coordinating replication stress and interferon signaling
Authors: Lin Yea-Lih , Técher Hervé , Gopaul Diyavarshini , Heuzé Jonathan , Leray Baptiste , Vernet Audrey , Mettling Clément , Moreaux Jérôme , Pasero Philippe
Published: July 2023

Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) arrests cell proliferation in response to replication stress (RS) induced by oncogenes. OIS depends on the DNA damage response (DDR), but also on the cGAS-STING pathway, which detects cytosolic DNA and induces type I interferons (IFNs). Whether and how RS and IFN responses cooperate to promote OIS remains unknown. Here, we show that the induction of OIS by the H-RASV12 oncogene in immortalized human fibroblasts depends on the MRE11 nuclease. Indeed, treatment with the MRE11 inhibitor Mirin prevented RS, micronuclei formation and IFN response induced by RASV12. Overexpression of the cytosolic nuclease TREX1 also prevented OIS. Conversely, overexpression of a dominant negative mutant of TREX1 or treatment with IFN-β was sufficient to induce RS and DNA damage, independent of RASV12 induction. These data suggest that the IFN response acts as a positive feedback loop to amplify DDR in OIS through a process regulated by MRE11 and TREX1.
Original research; Evaluation of isolation support packages for young people in Lancaster District
Authors: Robin Charlotte , Taylor Jo , Inston Fiona
Published: July 2023

Objective
To evaluate if offering incentives to young people testing positive for Covid-19 impacts on their adherence with self-isolation and associated impact on their health and wellbeing through isolation
Design:
Non-randomised controlled trial
Setting:
Lancaster district area
Participants:
450 young people (aged 10–16 years) who were Covid positive from 17th January 2022 to 24th February 2022 divided into four groups based on their postcode. A mixed method approach with data collected via survey and focus groups.
Intervention:
Four groups: Group one received an activity pack and thank you gift for self-isolating (enhanced package); Group two received a thank you gift only; Group three received an activity pack only; Group four received no intervention (control group).
Results
The participants from the survey (n = 141) and the focus groups (n = 17) described the adverse impact of self-isolation of feeling lonely, isolated and missing friends and family and going out. The participants reported the best part of self-isolation was missing school, staying in bed and having more time to themselves. Participants who received the interventions reported it had a positive impact on their health and wellbeing.
Conclusions
This research highlights the importance of offering support to young people during isolation to reduce the negative impact on health and wellbeing and to motivate adherence by providing incentives. The research contributes to the learning on how to support young people to self-isolate with other infectious diseases and any future public health emergencies.
Bioherbicidal potential of Aqueous Extracts and Essential Oils of Rosmarinus Officinalis L. and Thymus Vulgaris L.
Authors: Elghobashy Roufaida Mohamed , El-Darier Salama M. , Atia Adel M. , Zakaria Mohamed
Published: July 2023

Purpose
Weed control is a technique attempts to stop or reduce growth of noxious weeds, with the aim of reducing their competition with desired crop and in natural settings preventing nonnative species competing with native ones. The essential oils and aqueous extracts from Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) and Thymus vulgaris (Thyme), have been investigated as bioherbicides to suppress two weeds; Chenopodium albumand Echinochloa crus-galli associated with two important economic crops; Triticum aestivum (wheat) and Oryza sativa (rice) respectively.
Methods
Petri-dish experiment was performed and 10, 20, 50, and 100% aqueous solution and doses of 0, 2, 4, 8 and 16 µL of essential oil per petri dishes were applied. Number of germinated seeds in each Petri dish was counted daily. After 15 days, germination percentage, germination velocity, speed of germination, germination energy, germination index, mean germination time as well as seedling shoot length, root length, shoot root ratio and seedling vigour index were recorded. The chemical profile for both essential oils were identified with GC-MS analysis.
Results
Eucalyptol (1,8-cineole), α-pinene and camphor were identified as the dominant constituents of the rosemary essential oil. The detected major components of thyme essential oil were Thymol, o-Cymene, caryophyllene and gamma-terpinene. The results showed that thyme essential oils had the most negative effect by inhibiting the germination of weeds. Both rosemary and thyme essential oil caused a generally reducing effect on growth parameters of weeds.
Conclusions
Essential oil of rosemary and thyme had allelopathic potential and should be assessed as allelopathic agents to be used for weed control.
Poleward intensification of midlatitude extreme
winds under warmer climate
Authors: Gentile Emanuele Silvio , Zhao Ming , Hodges Kevin
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the global impact of midlatitude cyclones on extreme wind speed events in both hemispheres under a warmer climate. Using the latest version of the high-resolution atmospheric climate model (AM4) developed by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Lab we conducted simulations covering the 71-years period 1949-2019 for both the present-day climate and the idealised future global warming climate scenario with a homogeneous Sea Surface Temperature (SST) increase by 2 K. Our findings reveal that extreme near-surface wind speeds increase by up to 3%K<-1> towards the poles while decrease by a similar amount in the lower midlatitudes. When considering only extreme wind speed events objectively attributed to midlatitude cyclones, we observe a migration by the same amount towards higher latitudes in both percentage per degree SST warming and absolute value. The total number of midlatitude cyclones decreases by roughly 4% but the proportion of cyclone-associated extreme wind speed events in warmer climate increases by 10%. Finally, Northwestern Europe, the British Isles, and the West Coast of North America are identified as hot spots with the greatest socio-economic impacts from increased cyclone-associated extreme winds.
Evaluation of the eddy diffusivity in a pollutant dispersion model in the Stable Boundary Layer
Authors: Goulart A. , Suarez J. M. S. , Lazo M. J. , Marques J. C.
Published: July 2023

In the present work, we used the eddy diffusivity proposed by [1] in a classical Eulerian dispersion model and in a fractional Eule- rian dispersion model [2]. The obtained results were compared with experimental data from Prairie Grass and Hanford experiments in a stable stability regime. When eddy diffusivity was employed in the fractional dispersion model, the results were better than when it was used in the classical model. This demonstrates that the use of fractional derivatives to describe the transport of contaminants in a turbulent flow, where anomalous diffusion occurs, is more ade- quate than the use of integer derivatives as already observed in [3].
Clinical characteristics and 1-year all-cause mortality in elderly hip fracture patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a propensity score matching study
Authors: Zhao Yuqi , Fu Mingming , Meng Yao , Hou Zhiyong , Wang Zhiqian
Published: July 2023

Aim
Diabetes can seriously affect the prognosis of elderly patients with hip fractures. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and 1-year all-cause mortality in elderly hip fracture patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods
This retrospective study involved patients aged ≥ 65 years old after hip fracture surgery from 2017 to 2019. Patients were divided into T2DM group and non-T2DM group based on whether T2DM was diagnosed at admission. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed in a ratio of 1:1 in the two groups for further comparison. Clinical outcomes included the laboratory results, imaging results, perioperative complications and 1-year all-cause mortality.
Results
In this study, a total of 1296 elderly hip fracture patients were collected, including 331 cases in T2DM group and 965 cases in non-T2DM group. After PSM, a total of 312 pairs of cases were obtained, and all baseline data were comparable (P > 0.05). The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Brain natriuretic peptide and C-reactive protein in T2DM group were higher than those in non-T2DM group, and the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in T2DM group (P < 0.05). The level of left atrial diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, ventricular septal thickness and carotid medial thickness were higher in the T2DM group (P < 0.05). The incidence of perioperative anemia (56.1% vs 47.1%), hypoproteinemia (53.8% vs 45.8%), electrolyte disturbances (43.6% vs 30.4%), perioperative heart failure (41.3% vs 27.9%), perioperative arrhythmias (30.1% vs 17.6%), and lung infections (21.8% vs 12.2%) was statistically significant in T2DM group (P < 0.05). During the 1-year follow-up period, patients with T2DM were 2 times more likely to die than those without T2DM (HR = 2.104, 95% CI 1.437, 3.080).
Conclusion
Elderly patients with T2DM are more likely to have multiple comorbidities, they are more likely to have dyslipidemia and cardiac structural changes, the incidence of perioperative complications after hip fracture is high. T2DM is an independent risk factor for 1-year mortality in elderly patients with hip fractures, which increases the risk of death twofold. To improve the postoperative outcomes of patients with T2DM who have undergone hip fracture surgery, effective treatment models such as multidisciplinary collaboration and individualized management should be established.
Improved MJO prediction using a multi-member subseasonal to seasonal forecast system of NUIST (NUIST CFS 1.1)
Authors: Wu Jiye , Li Yue , Luo Jing-Jia , Zhang Yi , Doi Takeshi , Yamagata Toshio
Published: July 2023

The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) provides an important source of global subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) predictability, while its prediction remains great challenges. Based on an atmosphere-ocean coupled model and the widely-used nudging method, suitable initialization and ensemble schemes are explored toward an improved MJO prediction. Results show that the ensemble strategy with perturbed atmospheric nudging coefficients facilitates adequate ensemble spread and hence improves the prediction skill. Finally, an 18-member ensemble subseasonal prediction system called NUIST CFS1.1 is developed.
Skill evaluation indicates that the NUIST CFS1.1 can extend the MJO prediction to 24 days lead, which reaches the world-average level but is far from the estimated potential predictability (~45 days). The limited skill at longer lead times corresponds to forecast errors exhibiting slower propagation and weaker intensity, which are largely owing to the model’s shortcoming in representing MJO-related physical processes. Despite the absence of dry bias, obvious biases in horizontal moisture gradients remain. Moreover, the model underestimates the diabatic heating (mostly contributed by the latent heat release) of enhanced convection and fails to reproduce the suppressed convection within the MJO structure, collaboratively weakening the Kelvin/Rossby waves. This causes weaker horizontal winds and ultimately reduces the horizontal moisture advection on the two flanks of MJO convection. Furthermore, the underestimated Kelvin wave induces insufficient planetary boundary layer (PBL) convergence and thereby results in poor simulation of PBL premoistening ahead of MJO convection. However, the relative strength between the Kelvin and Rossby wave keeps stationary as the forecast time increases, and thus is not a determining factor for MJO prediction in the NUIST CFS1.1. The above biases limit the MJO prediction, prompting further efforts to improve the model physics.
Trophic Dominance by an Assemblage of Invasive Fishes in a Large River
Authors: Garvey James , Glover David , Coulter David , MacNamara Ruairi
Published: July 2023

Invasive species and climate change are accelerating changes in biodiversity. Predicting these changes is difficult, especially in large rivers which are hotspots of freshwater biodiversity and important dispersal corridors for aquatic organisms. The lower Illinois River is a major dispersal corridor between the Mississippi River watershed and the North American Great Lakes. The mainstem of this river is highly modified for navigation and may serve as a refuge for invasive species. We compared native and invasive fishes within trophic groups at the scale of an entire river to determine how invaders have risen to dominance. During fall 2012-2017, mainstem river fishes were sampled using standard gears and side-aspect, split-beam echosounding. Biomass and individual body sizes of fishes were used to estimate consumption. Whole-assemblage biomass and consumptive demand of herbivores, insectivores, planktivores, and piscivores were extrapolated from river segments to the entire 315-km main channel. The consumptive demand of native and invasive planktivores was simulated as a function of increasing river temperature and declining food quality. Across the entire fish assemblage, invaders dominated biomass but not species richness each year. Invasive and native fishes reached a fall-season maximum of 6,370 thousand tons and 2,942 thousand tons within the mainstem river, respectively. The total biomass of all but the piscivore trophic group was dominated by invasive fishes. Regardless of total assemblage biomass, invasive fishes had lower energy demand than natives, likely providing them a competitive advantage. Invasive planktivores required less energy than natives to compensate for both increased temperature and declining food quality. Assemblages of invasive species with large bodies and efficient energy consumption allow them to dominate trophic levels and spread into novel ecosystems.
Distributive effects of a coordinated wage bargaining scheme
Authors: Blanchard Pablo , Carrasco Paula , Ceni Rodrigo , Parada Cecilia , Santín Sofia
Published: July 2023

Using matched employer-employee administrative data from Uruguay, we analyze the distributive effects of a wage policy with a national minimum wage and more than two hundred sectoral minimum wages. This wage policy reduces inequality in the lower tail of the wage distribution for all formal private workers, mainly among males, and during a most favorable macroeconomic context. For males, we find spillovers affecting the upper end. Exploring job mechanisms: a smaller distributive effect aligns with a higher displacement effect within sectors in the bottom distribution and among the more affected sectors, but no evidence is found in total employment performance.
Performance-based versus conventional seismic design: Comparative assessment on a 4-story RC moment frame
Authors: Chatzidaki Akrivi , Vamvatsikos Dimitrios , Hernández-Montes Enrique
Published: July 2023

Five different design approaches are compared on a single mid-rise reinforced concrete building, pitting two performance-based designs against three conventional methods in delivering a solution that satisfies different sets of performance objectives. Two of the conventional designs stem from the literature, and they represent 2003 IBC compatible solutions. Another employs yield point spectra to deliver a code-like solution, satisfying the design norms without needing iterations. The final two are based on the yield frequency spectra to offer a design that can satisfy more detailed performance objectives in a single step. Overall, all five methods are shown to deliver what is expected. Conventional methods can safely capture the code requirements, yet they are disadvantaged when treading in beyond-life-safety territory, where Immediate Occupancy or Collapse Prevention objectives cannot be easily satisfied, a problem that is not shared by performance-based approaches.
Inter-annual surface ice velocities of the Panchi Nala glacier, western Himalaya: trends and controlling factors
Authors: Garg Purushottam Kumar , Prajapati Mohit , Shukla Aparna , Guha Supratim , Ali Iram
Published: July 2023

Information on glacier velocity is imperative to understand glacier mass, ice volume, topography, surge events of the glacier and response to climate change. Present study investigates inter-annual surface ice velocity (SIV) of the Panchi Nala Glacier, western Himalaya to understand its dynamics. The SIV has been computed by the feature tracking technique using the Co-registration of Optically Sensed Images and Correlation (COSI-Corr) method applied on the multi-temporal Landsat (TM and OLI) and Sentinel − 2 MSI images acquired between 2000 and 2021. Results show that the mean velocity of the debris-covered tongue (4500–4800 m asl) of the Panchi Nala Glacier is 10.6 ± 5.6 m/y during the study period. Additionally, the highest average glacier velocity is 13.8 ± 4.6 m/y, whereas the lowest is 8.9 ± 2.8 m/y, respectively, observed in 2005 and 2015. Also, the 95% confidence interval of the mean annual velocity lies between 9.8 and 11.4 m/y during the entire study period. There is no significant trend in the velocity rather it is highly heterogeneous on the inter-annual scale. Further the influence of several factors namely slope, debris cover, altitude, annual average temperature and precipitation on SIV was also investigated. Results indicate that the annual heterogeneity in SIV is linked with the variation of summer precipitation. Statistically, a 100 mm increment of summer precipitation can reduce the velocity around 1.3 m/y. The main reason behind this is the Panchi Nala glacier is located in high-elevation (4500m to 5600 m asl) where the climate is much colder and during the summer precipitation, the lower temperatures cause the precipitation to take the form of snow, which freezes and accumulates on the glacier. This reduces the process of basal sliding leading to slow movement. Further, detailed investigations using high-resolution remote sensing images and field data along with additional parameters need to be carried out to elucidate the spatial SIV and comprehensive causes for inter-annual fluctuations.
Reliability and Outcome Predictors of Proximal Femoral Locking Compression Plate Osteosynthesis at a Nigerian North-eastern Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Ibrahim Shaphat Shuaibu , Musa Abubakar , Shodipo Olaoluwa Moses , Timothy Emuan , Abdulrahaman Aremu
Published: July 2023

Background The choice of proximal femur locking compression plate (PFLCP) for fixation of proximal femur fractures has evolved over the years with occasional poor outcome especially with complex intertrochanteric fractures.
Objective To evaluate the reliability of PFLCP with regards to radiologic union and to determine predictors of poor outcome.
Materials and methods Single center retrospective cross sectional study at a Nigerian tertiary hospital, where data of patients who have attained skeletal maturity with intertrochanteric (IT) and subtrochanteric fractures who had PFLCP fixation between1st October 2019 and 30th September 2021 was analyzed. Poor outcome defined as mechanical failure, non-union and varus collapse were statistically analyzed (P value 0.05) against possible predictive variables.
Results A total of 28 patients , with mean age of 51.75±18.7 years, age range of 20-95 years, mean body mass index(BMI) of 27.23±0.8kg/m2 and M:F of 1.8:1 were studied. Unstable IT fracture was the most common fracture seen in 12 patients (42.8%), followed by stable IT fracture (35.7%) and subtrochanteric fracture (21.4%). Radiologic union was achieved in 20 patients (71.4%) and poor outcome of mechanical failure/non-union, varus collapse seen in 3(10.7%) and 5(17.8%) patients respectively. There was a statistically significant association between obesity and mechanical failure (P value 0.001) and also a significant association between unstable IT and varus collapse (P value 0.011).
Conclusion An excellent outcome was achieved with PFLCP fixation, however obesity and unstable IT fractures were predictors of poor outcome.
Challenges Facing Arab Researchers in Publishing Scientific Research: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Elgamri Alya , Mohammed Zeinab , El-Rhazi Karima , Shahrouri Manal , Ahram Mamoun , Al-Abbas Al-Mubarak , Silverman Henry
Published: July 2023

Background
Studies have shown an underrepresentation of researchers from lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the research literature compared with their counterparts in high-income countries. We aimed to explore Arab researchers' challenges regarding conducting and publishing research in peer-reviewed journals.
Methods
We used a descriptive qualitative study design of semi-structured in-depth interviews. Using purposive sampling, we recruited participants from four Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and translated to English if the original language was Arabic or French. We analyzed the transcripts using reflexive thematic analysis. Several authors independently coded the transcripts and agreed on the identified codes, themes, and subthemes.
Results
We performed 17 interviews: three from Egypt, six from Jordan, four from Morocco, and four from Sudan. Our participants' comments were divided into three broad categories with associated themes and subthemes. The first regards the conduct of research (themes of inadequate quality of research, insufficient research resources, and nonsuppurative research environment). The second category involves the publishing process (themes of poor scientific writing skills and difficulties navigating the publishing and peer-reviewed system). The third regards international collaborations and the final category recommends methods to address the challenges. Our recommendations include: enhancing the institutional research culture, increasing funding mechanisms, establishing mentoring programs and workshops on research methodology and scientific writing, and increasing the representation of LMICs on the editorial staff.
Conclusions
Identifying the challenges of Arab researchers in publishing original and quality research would guide programs tailored and targeted toward Arab scholars' needs.
Assessment of Multidimensional Poverty changes in Malawi: Evidence from 2010-2019 data
Authors: Mtocha Chrispine Adams , Chirwa Gowokani Chijere , Mazalale Jacob
Published: July 2023

For many years, the international development community has placed a high priority on reducing poverty as a key policy objective. Nevertheless in Malawi, multidimensional poverty has remained alarmingly high exceeding 50% for the past ten years (2004–2016). While previous research on poverty in Malawi has focused on income-based measures, little is known about the changes in multidimensional poverty and their underlying factors. This study investigates multidimensional poverty in Malawi from 2010 to 2019 using the recent Malawi-specific Multidimensional Poverty Index (M-MPI) and nationally representative data from the Integrated Household Panel Survey. In terms of methods, the Alkire-Foster method is used to calculate the MPI. We use unconditional quantile regression model and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition to understand the drivers and dynamics of multidimensional poverty in Malawi. The findings 54moving from 70.4% in 2010 to 62.1% in 2019, with household income, the literacy and education level of the household head being among the main factors influencing this change. However, household size, experience of shocks, social protection programs, residence in rural areas, and marriage were identified as factors that increased MPI over time. Access to credit had an ambiguous impact on poverty changes. These findings can be useful for policymakers to design targeted and cost-effective interventions to reduce poverty and maximize economic growth in Malawi.
Spatio-temporal trends in Holocene peat/carbon accumulation rates in China: climatic and human drivers
Authors: Rao Zhiguo , Zhao Minghua , Li Yunxia , Li Chaozhu , Feng Zixian , Chen Fahu
Published: July 2023

Peatlands play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle and in climate change feedbacks. Hence, understanding the dynamics of peat/carbon accumulation in response to climate change and human activities is essential for assessing the future fate of carbon reservoirs. We compiled records of Holocene peat accumulation rate (PAR) and carbon accumulation rate (CAR) from sites at different altitudes in China. At high altitudes (> 2400 m a.s.l.), we observed a long-term decreasing trend in PARs and CARs, indicating the adverse impact of climatic warming and drying on peat/carbon accumulation. In contrast, peatlands at mid-altitudes (~ 1000–2400 m a.s.l.) and low altitudes (< 1000 m a.s.l.) showed increased PARs after 6 kyr BP and 7.5 kyr BP, respectively, primarily due to human activities. However, CARs in the mid-altitude peatlands showed a decreasing trend after 6 kyr BP, while CARs in the low-altitude peatlands continued to increase after 7.5 kyr BP, influenced by variations in the total organic carbon content of input materials sourced from soil erosion. On the scale of the whole of China, the PARs and CARs show similar trends throughout the Holocene. During the early Holocene, there was a gradual decrease in PARs and CARs, possibly in response to climate change. During the middle Holocene, the PARs and CARs were relatively stable, suggesting a balance between natural climate changes and relatively moderate-level human activities. However, after 4 kyr BP, human activities intensified on a large spatial scale and became the dominant driver of PARs and CARs in China, which showed a consistent increasing trend, indicating that human activities had a positive impact on peat/carbon accumulation. Our findings highlight the vulnerability of high-altitude peatlands to climatic warming and the positive impact of human activities on carbon sequestration in peatlands. They contribute to our understanding of carbon cycle dynamics and have important implications for future projections of peatland carbon reservoirs and sustainable land management strategies in China and elsewhere.
Different Response to Excess Iron and Zinc in Roots of Monocot and Dicot Plants Treated by Silicon
Authors: Mehrabanjoubani Pooyan , Abdolzadeh Ahmad , Sadeghipour Hamid Reza , Aghdasi Mahnaz , B Mohammadhadi Heidari
Published: July 2023

Aims
Nutrient changes in the plant root environment modify root growth and development via alterations in cell wall-associated enzyme activities and components.
Methods
This research evaluated the effects of silicon (Si) supply (1.5 mM) on the root apical (AP) and basal parts (BP) of rice and wheat (as monocots), canola and cotton (as dicots) plants exposed to excess Fe (150 mg L-1) and Zn (150 µg L-1).
Results
The +Fe treatment resulted in increased enzymes activity of PAL, cell wall POD, and PPO in the root AP of rice and wheat. The +Fe and +Zn increased the content of phenolic compounds in both root AP and BP of these plants. Also, the activity of cell wall POD was increased in all plants treated with +Fe+Si and some +Zn+Si. In Si-treated (+Si) plants, the activity of PAL, cell wall POD, and PPO significantly increased in the root AP of rice and wheat, while Si did not significantly affect enzyme activities in canola and cotton. Additionally, in +Si treated plants, the content of phenolic compounds decreased in the root AP of rice and wheat. During the PCA analysis of the FTIR spectra, discernible modifications in the cell wall components were observed in monocot plants (especially rice) upon treatment with +Si and +Fe, However, treated dicot plants did not show significant differences.
Conclusions
This study investigated that Si caused more changes in the cell wall at the root AP of monocots than dicot plants, and these changes were exaggerated by +Fe+Si treatment.
Determining Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Demoralization Scale-II in Cancer Patients
Authors: Taghilou Elaheh , Heidarzadeh Mehdi , Molaei Behnam , Khameslou Mehdi Ajri
Published: July 2023

Background
One of the emotional problems in patients experiencing cancer is demoralization syndrome. Concerning the importance of demoralization in cancer patients, having a valid and reliable scale for assessing this problem is crucial. A revised version of Demoralization Scale (DS-II) has been designed in 2016. It was necessary to determine its validity and reliability in population with different culture. This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of DS-II (PDS-II) in Iranian cancer patients.
Methods
The study population comprised 170 Iranian cancer patients in Ardabil, Iran. To determine the psychometric properties of PDS-II, the content, convergent, construct, and discriminant validity, besides internal consistency, were evaluated.
Results
Regarding the high correlation of PDS-II with GAD-7, PHQ-9, BHS, and HADS, the convergent validity of the PDS-II was confirmed. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed both the original 2-factor and one-factor models of PDS-II. Internal discriminant validity of the PDS-II was not confirmed because the Average Variance Extracted from two dimensions of PDS-II (AVE = 0.31 and 0.37) was less than the square correlation between these two dimensions (r2 = 0.79). As the patients with a low Karnofsky score acquired more demoralization (p < 0.0001), the external discriminant validity of PDS-II was confirmed. Cronbach α coefficient was 0.88 for the PDS-II.
Conclusions
PDS-II is a valid and reliable scale for measuring demoralization among Iranian people with cancer. However, there is a high overlap between the two dimensions of PDS-II.