bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic Classification of Railway Complaints using Machine Learning
Authors: Sathivika Roy Tulasi , Vasukidevi G. , Malleswari T.Y.J. Naga , Ushasukhanya S. , Namratha Nayani
Published: January 2024

People may now express their thoughts and ideas with a wider audience because of the popularity of social media sites like Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. Businesses now utilise Twitter to reply to client comments, reviews, and grievances. Every day, millions of individuals discuss a wide range of issues on Twitter by sharing their ideas and interests. Sentiment analysis is a useful method for analysing such data, which involves identifying the sentiment of the source text and classifying it as positive, neutral, or negative. However, due to the vast amount of data, it can be challenging for businesses to address every customer’s question or complaint in a timely manner. Some issues may be urgent but delayed due to the volume of information. In order to prioritize emergency tweets, a system is proposed that utilizes machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, and Naïve Bayes to identify tweets based on their urgency. The proposed system gathers and preprocesses unstructured data, performs feature extraction, trains, assesses and compares multiple machine learning models to determine the best classifier with the highest accuracy, and uses vectorization via a pipeline to determine the sentiment of a new tweet provided as input.
Enhanced Routing Protocol for Health Monitoring in Urban Traffic Networks via VANET: Analyzing IW-GeoR Against WGeoR
Authors: Nandini M.Sai , Senthilkumar C.
Published: January 2024

The primary aim of this initiative is to establish an effective routing system for managing both human-induced and natural calamities using a Wireless Body Sensor Network (WBSN) integrated with VANET within urban traffic networks. This is accomplished through a comparison between the Weighed Geographic Routing (WGeoR) protocol and the Improved Weighed Geographical Routing (IWGeoR) protocol, targeting minimized packet loss and reduced delay. The IWGeoR protocol stands out by efficiently selecting cluster heads to mitigate delay and packet loss, considering various factors such as differences in vehicle speeds, inter-vehicle distances, and traffic mobility. The protocol’s effectiveness relies on innovative node degrees, channel quality, proximity factors, and communication connection expiration times. For this study, twenty samples (n=20) were gathered from each of the two groups using diverse vehicles. Clinical.com established a pre-test power of 80% (G-power) for each group, with alpha and beta coefficients set at 0.05 and 0.2 respectively, in order to assess the protocol’s performance in terms of packet loss and average latency. The simulation outcomes indicate that the IWGeoR protocol surpasses the WGeoR protocol in crucial metrics such as packet loss and mean delay. Specifically, the IWGeoR protocol reduces packet loss by 10.77% and delay by 31.03%. The Independent Sample T-test calculates a significant p-value of 0.001 for the IWGeoR and WGeoR protocols, demonstrating statistical significance (p<0.005). Based on experimental findings and the Independent Sample T-test, the proposed IWGeoR protocol has demonstrated superior performance compared to the WGeoR protocol.
Potential Provinces in Papua New Guinea for Rice Farming
Authors: Mohamed Aezeden , Goru Donovan , Samanta Sailesh
Published: January 2024

Papua New Guinea has plenty of land with suitable agro-climatic conditions for rice farming, but despite this, the country still needs to import rice to meet the demands of its rapidly growing population and urbanization. To address this issue, a research project was undertaken to create a realistic scope and map of areas within each province of Papua New Guinea that are suitable for rice production, using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. The study included nineteen regions of Papua New Guinea. A digital surface model was used to determine the suitability of each area for large-scale rice farming, based on climate, soil factors, and topography. The Erdas Imagine v-11 model builder was used to create a critical model for the suitability of rice mapping. Each province was classified into five classes based on the suitability of the land for rice farming. The results showed that approximately 14% of the land in Papua New Guinea is exceptionally suitable for rice farming. Eight provinces (Central, East Sepik, East New Britain, Morobe, Madang, Milne Bay, West New Britain, and Western Province) were identified as having large-scale land suitable for rice production and were evaluated accordingly.
A short review on the recent progress and properties of pineapple leaf fiber reinforced composite
Authors: Hanyue Xiao , Sultan Mohamed Thariq Hameed , Najeeb Muhammad Imran , Shahar Farah Syazwani
Published: January 2024

Because of the increase in demand and the enhancement of environmental awareness, researchers are committed to the research and development of innovative, high-performance, and low-cost green materials, especially since there is a large amount the study of natural fiber reinforced composite materials. An abundance of waste of pineapple leaves in Malaysia every year. If pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) can be extracted from the waste of pineapple leaves and made into green composites, it can not only solve the agricultural waste but also produce environment-friendly green composite materials to be applied in related industries. The main purpose of this review is to give an overview of recent developments in PALF reinforced composites as well as their properties. In this short review, the characteristics of PALF and its composites, the mechanical properties and the environmental impact of PALF reinforced composite are studied. In the future, with the increasing research on PALF, selection of different composite materials and design of appropriate structures, the performance of PALF reinforced composites will significantly be improved, and thus has great potential to be widely used in product production and manufacturing.
Numerical Study of an External Flow around a Corrugated Wing using Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Singh Balbir , Yidris Noorfaizal , Basri Adi Azriff , Pai Raghuvir , Ahmad Kamarul Arifin
Published: January 2024

During the course of recent studies on wings at low Reynold number, it was observed that wing corrugation is often assumed to play an important role as well. However, studies show that corrugation of the wing is intended for structural purposes, and not aerodynamics. Corrugated wings have the advantage of being light and sturdy. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to understand the flow behaviour of the corrugated insect-scale wing; by conducting, a geometric parametric study during a non-oscillatory flight at a particular low Reynolds number and at two different angles of attack. In this computational study, a 3-D section of the corrugated wing along the chord is considered. The lattice Boltzmann method offers an alternative framework compared to the Navier-Stokes simulations. An open-source Parallel Lattice Boltzmann Solver on a high-performance computing platform is used for this computational analysis. The present study shows that the flow-related performance of the corrugated wing in terms of forces and kinetic energy is predominantly governed by the geometric variations that can largely affect the formation of vortices and their mutual interaction. The study reveals that the presence of corrugation does not affect the enhancement of forces and corrugation near the leading edge generally affects the performance due to large flow separation affecting the suction.
Application of Seismic Attribute Analysis Technology Guided by Model Forward Modeling in L29 Area
Authors: Shi Xiaodong , Zhang Wei , Mao Liquan , Liu Shougang
Published: January 2024

Taking the SaErTU and Putaohua oil layers in the L29 well area of LHP oilfield in the northern Songliao Basin as the research object, In response to the difficulty of interference between thin interbedded sand and mudstone and strong reflection between strata, which have a significant impact on fine prediction of sand bodies, a stratigraphic model is established based on the geological characteristics of the target layer to eliminate the impact of stratigraphic reflection; Then add a thin layer of sand body to its interior, establish a thin interlayer model, and obtain a geological model that is more in line with the actual situation of the target layer. Using forward simulation, analyze the seismic response characteristics of sand bodies, extract 30 seismic attributes from 4 categories: amplitude statistics, composite seismic trace statistics, sequence and frequency spectrum statistics, and calculate the correlation between cumulative sandstone thickness and seismic attributes, and select a sensitive seismic attribute set;By combining sedimentary and drilling data, the seismic attribute with the highest sensitivity to the target layer is selected. The multi-level dimensionality reduction and gradual improvement of seismic attribute selection methods using “model forward modeling, attribute analysis, relevant optimization, and drilling implementation” can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of thin interbedded sand bodies and greatly reduce the risk of oilfield exploration and development.
The Evaluation Model of Economy and Application in the Secondary Development by Real Options Method
Authors: Huang Yao
Published: January 2024

The secondary development is a deeper development after efficient development, more difficult to develop, higher technical risks and fluctuations in oil prices all increase uncertainty. Owing to comprehensive benefits and uncertainty, it’s essential to find a more flexibility in investment decision-making method instead of cash flow which may cause the deviations of investment decisions. Organic combining the evaluation model of capacity, risk analysis methods, Black—Scholes model, this article has established an option evaluation method of deliverability project which is fit for the secondary development, reflects comprehensive benefits and uncertainty. It has provided a more accurate method for investment decision on the secondary development evaluation under uncertainty.
Practice and understanding of potential tapping technology for ultra short radius horizontal wells
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyu
Published: January 2024

The oilfield has entered the ultra-high water cut period, the distribution of remaining oil is scattered, and it is difficult to tap the potential. On the plane, affected by sand body distribution and well pattern production objects, sand body perforation does not correspond to each other, forming residual oil with imperfect injection production relationship; The residual oil formed in the retention area at the edge of the fault due to the influence of fault shielding. Vertically, affected by the heterogeneity, interlayer and rhythm in the layer, the bottom of the thick oil layer is strongly washed, the middle is moderately strongly washed, and the top is weak and not washed. The production difference is large, and the remaining oil mainly exists at the top of the oil layer. The remaining oil with imperfect injection production relationship and special parts is tapped through ultra short radius horizontal wells to improve oilfield development efficiency.
Research on Bidding Model of Electricity Selling Company Considering Green Certificate Trading and Electricity Selling Blocking
Authors: Yin Shuo , Lu Yao , Zheng Yongle , Jiao Xiangyu
Published: January 2024

This article considers the optimal bidding model of traditional thermal power generation companies’ electricity sales companies, taking into account transmission congestion, under the influence of new policies such as the renewable portfolio standard (RPS) and the renewable exchange certificate (REC). Firstly, the transaction cost of green certificates is included in the cost of electricity sales, and an optimization model is established with the goal of maximizing the profit of the electricity sales company; Secondly, the node electricity price method is used to manage transmission congestion, and an optimization model is established with the goal of minimizing the cost of transmission congestion; Finally, multi agent technology and dynamic game theory are used to solve the optimal bidding strategy of the electricity selling company.
Flower-like 3D MoS2/Cu2O hybrids with enhanced photoelectrochemical performance
Authors: Jabbar Fraih Ali , Jerjack Abdullah Najlaa , Saadoon Hashim Shaymaa
Published: January 2024

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is widely employed as a photoanode in photoelectrochemical (PEC) tests due to its energy gap in the visible region and strong interaction with light. In this work, three-dimensional (3D) flower-like MoS2 heterostructures have been introduced by the CVD method and decorated with copper (I) oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles synthesized by electrodeposition. SEM, XRD, Raman, UV-Visible, current-potential and EIS analyses have been performed to evaluate the heterostructure. The results show that the MoS2/Cu2O heterostructure is not only well-formed but associated with a 61% increase in photocurrent density compared to MoS2. This is due to the smaller charge transfer resistance and effective charge separation in the heterostructure compared to MoS2, based on the EIS analysis and corresponding band energy diagram. A cyclic test of the electrode also shows its excellent stability, making it suitable for practical applications.
Use and Impact of Pessary, Cerclage, and Progesterone for the
Secondary Prevention of Preterm Birth: Data from the German Neonatal
Network
Authors: Hanke Kathrin , Fortmann Mats Ingmar , Auerswald Gesa Henrike , Härtel Christoph , Olbertz Dirk , Roll Claudia , Grüttner Berthold , Wieg Christian , Breunig Stephanie , Rody Achim , Felderhoff-Müser Ursula , Herting Egbert , Göpel Wolfgang , Bossung Verena
Published: January 2024

Background To evaluate the use and effect of cervical stitch cerclage,
pessary, and progesterone on pregnancy outcome in mothers of very low birth
weight infants (VLBWI) born<32 weeks of gestation in the German Neonatal
Network (GNN).

Methods The GNN is a population-based cohort study enrolling VLBWI since
2009. We included 575 neonates from 424 mothers into our analysis, who were born
between 2015 and 2019, after prenatal intervention with cerclage, pessary,
progesterone or a combination between 20/0 to 25/0 weeks of
gestation to prevent preterm birth. Median intervention-to-birth interval was
the primary endpoint.

Results 231 of 424 pregnant women had a cerclage only (54.5%), 76
women a pessary only (17.9%), and 27 were prescribed progesterone only
(15.3%). The most common combination treatment (>1 intervention
group) was cerclage plus progesterone (n=27), followed by cerclage plus
pessary (n=13). The median intervention-to-birth interval for the whole
cohort was 24 days (IQR 19.0 days). The earlier the intervention was started,
the longer the intervention-to-birth interval lasted: When started at 20 weeks,
the interval was 34 days in contrast to 11.5 days, when started at 25 weeks. The
>1 group was born at a significantly higher median GA with 27.0 weeks
(IQR 2.9 weeks) and a higher median birth weight of 980 g (IQR
394 g) accordingly.

Conclusion We propose that the earliest possible start of intervention
leads to the most efficient pregnancy prolongation.
Effect of an online educational module incorporating real-time feedback on accuracy of polyp sizing in trainees: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mun Elijah J. , Yen Timothy , Hochheimer Camille J. , Tarter Wyatt , Kaltenbach Tonya , Keswani Rajesh N. , Wani Sachin , Patel Swati G.
Published: January 2024

Background Although polyp size dictates surveillance intervals, endoscopists often estimate polyp size inaccurately. We hypothesized that an intervention providing didactic instruction and real-time feedback could significantly improve polyp size classification.

Methods We conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of different components of an online educational module on polyp sizing. Participants were randomized to control (no video, no feedback), video only, feedback only, or video + feedback. The primary outcome was accuracy of polyp size classification into clinically relevant categories (diminutive [1–5mm], small [6–9mm], large [≥10mm]). Secondary outcomes included accuracy of exact polyp size (inmm), learning curves, and directionality of inaccuracy (over- vs. underestimation).

Results 36 trainees from five training programs provided 1360 polyp size assessments. The feedback only (80.1%, P=0.01) and video + feedback (78.9%, P=0.02) groups had higher accuracy of polyp size classification compared with controls (71.6%). There was no significant difference in accuracy between the video only group (74.4%) and controls (P=0.42). Groups receiving feedback had higher accuracy of exact polyp size (inmm) and higher peak learning curves. Polyps were more likely to be overestimated than underestimated, and 29.3% of size inaccuracies impacted recommended surveillance intervals.

Conclusions Our online educational module significantly improved polyp size classification. Real-time feedback appeared to be a critical component in improving accuracy. This scalable and no-cost educational module could significantly decrease under- and overutilization of colonoscopy, improving patient outcomes while increasing colonoscopy access.
Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Vaughan-Jackson Syndrome
Authors: Mcintyre Joshua L. , Stirling Paul H.C. , Mceachan Jane
Published: January 2024

Background Vaughan-Jackson syndrome (VJS) is the attritional rupture of the extensor tendons secondary to arthritis or inflammation affecting the distal radioulnar joint. The surgical outcomes following Darrach's procedure and tendon transfers are not well described. The primary aim of this study was to report patient-reported functional outcome measures after surgery for VJS. Secondary aims were to report health-related quality-of-life scores, patient satisfaction, and complications

Methods A single-center retrospective study was performed to identify patients who underwent surgical intervention for the management of VJS. Patient-reported outcomes were measured using the Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation (PRWHE), Quick version of the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH), EuroQoL 5-dimensions 5-Likert (EQ-5D-5L), and calculation of the Net Promoter Score (NPS).

Results We report postoperative patient-reported functional outcome measures for 12 cases of VJS treated with distal ulna excision and extensor tendon transfer. The mean age was 69 years (range: 45–87 years; standard deviation [SD]: 14.1), and eight patients were females. Five patients had rheumatoid arthritis, and there was one case each of seronegative polyarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia.) syndrome; the rest of the patients had osteoarthritis. At a mean of 53 months of follow-up, the mean PRWHE score was 34.5 (SD: 17.9), the mean QuickDASH score was 28.2 (SD: 18.6), and the mean EQ-5D-5L score was 0.71 (SD: 0.203). Ten patients were satisfied and the NPS was 42. Postoperatively eight patients had pain scores reported as none or mild, three as moderate, and one as severe. Two patients required further operations, both undergoing total wrist arthrodesis.

Conclusion Although a degree of functional deficit persists after Darrach's procedure and tendon transfer for treatment of VJS, there are also high levels of patient satisfaction, a good NPS, and a low rate of operative reintervention.

Level IV evidence.
Scapular Osteotomy for Lateral Access to a T1-2 Foraminal Disc Extrusion, Treated by Mini-Hemilaminectomy in a Dog
Authors: Nicolas Marie , Bureau Stéphane , Job Chloé , Guillemot Alexandre
Published: January 2024

A 4-year-old female spayed French bulldog was presented with a 2-day history of neck pain and left thoracic limb lameness with no neurological deficits. A computed tomography (CT) examination showed a left foraminal T1-2 disc extrusion. Surgical management was performed using a left lateral approach to the vertebral column with a scapular osteotomy. A T1-2 mini-hemilaminectomy was performed. The scapular osteotomy was stabilized with two 2.4-mm locking compression plates. The postoperative CT and radiographic examinations showed adequate decompression of the T1-2 foramen and good reduction in the scapular osteotomy. The dog was able to walk the following day. At the 1-month follow-up, the dog had no neck pain but persistent slight left thoracic limb lameness. Ten months postoperatively, a CT scan showed no abnormalities at the surgical site, and the dog had no neurological deficits nor lameness. The aim of this case report was to describe a new lateral approach to T1-2 intervertebral space.
Viral Pneumonia: From Influenza to COVID-19
Authors: Cilloniz Catia , Dy-Agra Guinevere , Pagcatipunan Rodolfo S. , Torres Antoni
Published: January 2024

Respiratory viruses are increasingly recognized as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The implementation of new diagnostic technologies has facilitated their identification, especially in vulnerable population such as immunocompromised and elderly patients and those with severe cases of pneumonia. In terms of severity and outcomes, viral pneumonia caused by influenza viruses appears similar to that caused by non-influenza viruses. Although several respiratory viruses may cause CAP, antiviral therapy is available only in cases of CAP caused by influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus. Currently, evidence-based supportive care is key to managing severe viral pneumonia. We discuss the evidence surrounding epidemiology, diagnosis, management, treatment, and prevention of viral pneumonia.
Inherited Pediatric Neurotransmitter Disorders: Case Studies and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Hang Shyann , Prasad Chitra , Rupar C. Anthony , Agnihotri Richa , Prasad Asuri N.
Published: January 2024

Primary pediatric neurotransmitter disorders include genetic defects of neurotransmitter metabolism that may mimic common neurological conditions in children. Our objective was to evaluate the clinical experience and outcomes of affected patients. Five patients with primary neurotransmitter defects were identified in the neurometabolic database between 2004 and 2022. Two patients with 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase deficiency and one with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) presented in the neonatal period. One patient with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency and one with aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency presented in later life. A diagnosis of cerebral palsy was revised following biochemical confirmation of SSADH deficiency. AADC deficiency was confirmed via exome sequencing and reduced activity on enzyme assay. Late diagnosis in the latter two cases was likely due to a low index of suspicion and lack of access to diagnostic tests in the country of origin. In two children with tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency, newborn screening results and atypical clinical features prompted investigations. An early diagnosis of PDE was established based on presenting features, a high index of suspicion, the presence of an identifiable biochemical marker and molecular genetic testing. Pediatric neurotransmitter disorders can be diagnosed based on a high clinical index of suspicion, availability of biochemical markers, and molecular genetic testing. These disorders, though rare, need to be included in the differential diagnosis of common neurological presentations in children as they may be potentially treatable. Outcomes and influencing factors in the present series are discussed in comparison to published data.
Hemoperitoneum Quantification in Non-contrast CT: Evaluating Feasibility with the Novel HUVAO Segmentation Algorithm
Authors: Bhagawati Rahul , Hazarika Suman , Gupta Cota Navin , Chanda Souptick
Published: January 2024

Background Injuries involving substantial bleeding, frequently encountered in victims of road traffic accidents, pose a significant risk to mortality. For abdominal trauma cases, accurately assessing internal bleeding and hematomas becomes crucial. Detecting hemoperitoneum, which indicates both blood loss and organ damage in the abdominal cavity, requires precise evaluation. Timely diagnosis and quantification of hemoperitoneum following road accidents are crucial during the critical golden hour, enabling prioritized medical intervention and potentially saving lives while enhancing overall patient care. However, achieving precise hemoperitoneum quantification in abdominal trauma faces challenges due to the intricate nature of overlapping Hounsfield unit (HU) regions.

Methods In this feasibility study, we sought to assess the efficacy of the novel HUVAO (Hounsfield Unit-based Volume quantification of Asymmetrical Objects) segmentation algorithm for quantifying hemoperitoneum in thoracoabdominal non-contrast computed tomography (CT) images. Using 28 retrospective non-contrast CT scans of thoracoabdominal regions from trauma patients, we analyzed crucial imaging data without necessitating additional scans or contrast-enhanced procedures. The study aimed to compare HUVAO against classical algorithms and visual estimations by trained radiologists for hemoperitoneum segmentation in thoracoabdominal non-contrast CT images.

Results Our findings revealed that although the technical feasibility of employing HUVAO and other segmentation algorithms for hemoperitoneum quantification is evident, the outcomes derived from these algorithms display notable discrepancies.

Conclusion In assessing technical feasibility, we introduced the HUVAO segmentation algorithm for hemoperitoneum quantification, comparing its performance against classical segmentation algorithms and visual estimations from trained radiologists. While our results affirm the technical feasibility of HUVAO for this purpose, the observed variations underscore the task's inherent complexity. This emphasizes the limitations of relying solely on HU-based detection, advocating for integration with clinical data. This insight urges exploration of advanced techniques to boost accuracy and elevate patient care standards.
Scaling regimes and fluctuations of observables in computer glasses approaching the unjamming transition
Authors: Giannini Julia A. , Lerner Edan , Zamponi Francesco , Manning M. Lisa
Published: January 2024

Under decompression, disordered solids undergo an unjamming transition where they become under-coordinated and lose their structural rigidity. The mechanical and vibrational properties of these materials have been an object of theoretical, numerical, and experimental research for decades. In the study of low-coordination solids, understanding the behavior and physical interpretation of observables that diverge near the transition is of particular importance. Several such quantities are length scales (ξ or l) that characterize the size of excitations, the decay of spatial correlations, the response to perturbations, or the effect of physical constraints in the boundary or bulk of the material. Additionally, the spatial and sample-to-sample fluctuations of macroscopic observables such as contact statistics or elastic moduli diverge approaching unjamming. Here, we discuss important connections between all of these quantities and present numerical results that characterize the scaling properties of sample-to-sample contact and shear modulus fluctuations in ensembles of low-coordination disordered sphere packings and spring networks. Overall, we highlight three distinct scaling regimes and two crossovers in the disorder quantifiers χz and χμ as functions of system size N and proximity to unjamming δz. As we discuss, χX relates to the standard deviation σX of the sample-to-sample distribution of the quantity X (e.g., excess coordination δz or shear modulus μ) for an ensemble of systems. Importantly, χμ has been linked to experimentally accessible quantities that pertain to sound attenuation and the density of vibrational states in glasses. We investigate similarities and differences in the behaviors of χz and χμ near the transition and discuss the implications of our findings on current literature, unifying findings in previous studies.
Transforming materials discovery for artificial photosynthesis: High-throughput screening of earth-abundant semiconductors
Authors: Stafford Sean M. , Aduenko Alexander , Djokic Marcus , Lin Yu-Hsiu , Mendoza-Cortes Jose L.
Published: January 2024

We present a highly efficient workflow for designing semiconductor structures with specific physical properties, which can be utilized for a range of applications, including photocatalytic water splitting. Our algorithm generates candidate structures composed of earth-abundant elements that exhibit optimal light-trapping, high efficiency in H2 and/or O2 production, and resistance to reduction and oxidation in aqueous media. To achieve this, we use an ionic translation model trained on the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database to predict over 30 000 undiscovered semiconductor compositions. These predictions are then screened for redox stability under hydrogen evolution reaction or oxygen evolution reaction conditions before generating thermodynamically stable crystal structures and calculating accurate bandgap values for the compounds. Our approach results in the identification of dozens of promising semiconductor candidates with ideal properties for artificial photosynthesis, offering significant advancement toward the conversion of sunlight into chemical fuels.
A hybrid plasma model for Cr thin film deposition by deep oscillation magnetron sputtering
Authors: Gao J. Y. , Ferreira F. , Lei M. K.
Published: January 2024

A time-dependent hybrid plasma model composed of a zero-dimensional global model and a two-dimensional fluid model is proposed for simulation of plasma chemistry and transportation of plasma during Cr thin film deposition by deep oscillation magnetron sputtering (DOMS). The global model deals with plasma reactions in the ionization region near the target with discharge voltage and current waveforms as inputs. The temporal plasma characteristics calculated by the global model are utilized as a boundary condition for the two-dimensional fluid model to simulate high-density plasma transportation in the diffusion region through the entire macropulse period. The full momentum equation taking inertia force into consideration is applied for ion momentum conservation in the fluid model instead of using the drift-diffusion approximation, which ensures validity of the simulation for low-pressure plasmas. The deposition flux as well as the kinetic and potential energy fluxes transferred to the growing films are calculated by the hybrid model. Microstructure evolution of the DOMS deposited Cr thin films from zone I to zone T is attributed to the growing kinetic and potential energies as the charging voltage increases according to the structure zone diagram. The deposition rate loss in DOMS is explained by the back attraction effect, sputtering yield effect, and densification of the films.
Temporal evolution of the light emitted by a thin, laser-ionized plasma source
Authors: Lee Valentina , Ariniello Robert , Doss Christopher , Wolfinger Kathryn , Stoltz Peter , Hansel Claire , Gessner Spencer , Cary John , Litos Michael
Published: January 2024

We present an experimental and simulation-based investigation of the temporal evolution of light emission from a thin, laser-ionized helium plasma source. We demonstrate an analytic model to calculate the approximate scaling of the time-integrated, on-axis light emission with the initial plasma density and temperature, supported by the experiment, which enhances the understanding of plasma light measurement for plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA) plasma sources. Our model simulates the plasma density and temperature using a split-step Fourier code and a particle-in-cell code. A fluid simulation is then used to model the plasma and neutral density, and the electron temperature as a function of time and position. We then show the numerical results of the space-and-time-resolved light emission and that collisional excitation is the dominant source of light emission. We validate our model by measuring the light emitted by a laser-ionized plasma using a novel statistical method capable of resolving the nanosecond-scale temporal dynamics of the plasma light using a cost-effective camera with microsecond-scale timing jitter. This method is ideal for deployment in the high radiation environment of a particle accelerator that precludes the use of expensive nanosecond-gated cameras. Our results show that our models can effectively simulate the dynamics of a thin, laser-ionized plasma source. In addition, this work provides a detailed understanding of the plasma light measurement, which is one of the few diagnostic signals available for the direct measurement of PWFA plasma sources.
Realizing polarization-dependent unidirectional magnon channel in antiferromagnetic domain wall
Authors: Li Zhi-xiong , Liu Xiang , Yan Zhi-ming , Wang Xi-guang , Guo Guang-hua
Published: January 2024

Achieving unidirectional spin wave (or magnon) transport in domain wall (DW) represents the key step for designing functional magnonic devices. Here, we theoretically investigate the propagation behavior of spin waves (SWs) in antiferromagnetic DW when the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) and/or spin transfer torque (STT) are considered. On the one hand, we find that the DMI lifts the degeneracy of magnon bands, from which one can obtain pure right- or left-handed polarized SWs. On the other hand, the nonreciprocal attenuation of magnons induced by STT is identified. Interestingly, we realize the polarization-dependent unidirectional propagation of SWs when the nonadiabatic coefficient β exceeds a critical value. Moreover, the micromagnetic simulations verify the theoretical predictions with good agreement. Our work provides a simple method for achieving unidirectional magnons with desired polarity in antiferromagnetic DW, which is indispensable for future magnonic computing and communication.
Coverage-dependent desorption kinetics of water on a well-ordered alumina thin film surface
Authors: Koshida H. , Wilde M. , Fukutani K.
Published: January 2024

We have developed an experimental and analytical setup for thermal desorption spectroscopy of solid water films on surfaces. We obtain the coverage-dependent desorption kinetics of water molecules from a well-defined ultra-thin alumina/NiAl(110) surface in the coverage range of 0–2 monolayers. We use a novel deconvolution technique to eliminate the pumping delay of water vapor in the vacuum system, which has previously hindered the accurate estimation of desorption kinetic parameters, such as activation energy and pre-exponential factor. The coverage-dependent Arrhenius analysis reveals that the desorption activation energy decreases with increasing coverage in the sub-monolayer range, indicating that the water–water interaction is not attractive. We also find that the pre-exponential factor for the second layer is higher than that for the sub-monolayer. We explain this difference in terms of transition state theory and propose that entropic effects play a significant role in water desorption kinetics.
Energy stable scheme for random batch molecular dynamics
Authors: Liang Jiuyang , Xu Zhenli , Zhao Yue
Published: January 2024

The computational bottleneck of molecular dynamics is pairwise additive long-range interactions between particles. The random batch Ewald (RBE) method provides a highly efficient and superscalable solver for long-range interactions, but the stochastic nature of this algorithm leads to unphysical self-heating effect during the simulation. We propose an energy stable scheme (ESS) for particle systems by employing a Berendsen-type energy bath. The scheme removes the notorious energy drift, which exists due to the force error even when a symplectic integrator is employed. Combining the RBE with the ESS, the new method provides a perfect solution to the computational bottleneck of molecular dynamics at the microcanonical ensemble. Numerical results for a primitive electrolyte and all-atom pure water systems demonstrate the attractive performance of the algorithm, including its dramatically high accuracy, linear complexity, and overcoming the energy drift for long-time simulations.
Energy transfer enhanced photoluminescence of 2D/3D CsPbBr3 hybrid assemblies
Authors: Wang Chenxu , Si Jinhai , Yan Lihe , Li Ting , Hou Xun
Published: January 2024

Energy transfer has been proven to be an effective method to optimize optoelectronic conversion efficiency by improving light absorption and mitigating nonradiative losses. We prepared 2D/3D CsPbBr3 hybrid assemblies at different reaction temperatures using the hot injection method and found that the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of these hybrids were greatly enhanced from 53.4% to 72.57% compared with 3D nanocrystals (NCs). Femtosecond transient absorption measurements were used to study the PLQY enhancement mechanisms, and it was found that the hot carrier lifetime improved from 0.36 to 1.88 ps for 2D/3D CsPbBr3 hybrid assemblies owing to the energy transfer from 2D nanoplates to 3D NCs. The energy transfer benefits the excited carrier accumulation and prolonged hot carrier lifetime in 3D NCs in hybrid assemblies, as well as PLQY enhancement in materials.
ZBP1
activation triggers hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell death resulting in bone marrow failure in mice
Authors: Roderick-Richardson Justine E. , Lim Sung-Eun , Suzuki Sakiko , Ahmad Mohd Hafiz , Selway Jonathan , Suleiman Reem , Karna Keshab , Lehman Jesse , O’Donnell Joanne , Castilla Lucio H. , Maelfait Jonathan , Rehwinkel Jan , Kelliher Michelle A.
Published: January 2024

Human bone marrow failure (BMF) syndromes result from the loss of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), and this loss has been attributed to cell death; however, the cell death triggers, and mechanisms remain unknown. During BMF, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interferon-γ (IFNγ) increase. These ligands are known to induce necroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death mediated by RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL. We previously discovered that mice with a hematopoietic RIPK1 deficiency (
Ripk1
HEM KO
) exhibit inflammation, HSPC loss, and BMF, which is partially ameliorated by a RIPK3 deficiency; however, whether RIPK3 exerts its effects through its function in mediating necroptosis or other forms of cell death remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that similar to a RIPK3 deficiency, an MLKL deficiency significantly extends survival and like Ripk3 deficiency partially restores hematopoiesis in
Ripk1
HEM KO
mice revealing that both necroptosis and apoptosis contribute to BMF in these mice. Using mouse models, we show that the nucleic acid sensor Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) is up-regulated in mouse RIPK1-deficient bone marrow cells and that ZBP1’s function in endogenous nucleic acid sensing is necessary for HSPC death and contributes to BMF. We also provide evidence that IFNγ mediates HSPC death in

Ripk1
HEM KO

mice, as ablation of IFNγ but not TNFα receptor signaling significantly extends survival of these mice. Together, these data suggest that RIPK1 maintains hematopoietic homeostasis by preventing ZBP1 activation and induction of HSPC death.
Negotiating trust through COVID-19 press briefings
Authors: Bunnag Orawee , Chaemsaithong Krisda
Published: January 2024

Drawing from televised COVID-19 press briefings, this study explicates how the interplay between verbal and visual
resources help policy makers restore public trust following organization-level failures by neutralizing unfavorable discourses
that threaten the public’s perceptions of their competence, integrity and benevolence and by emphasizing positive aspects
associated with these factors. The findings reveal that these mediated multimodal speeches not only prioritize the political
interests of the government by apportioning blame for the surveillance failures, while aggrandizing their ad hoc responses without
addressing the causes. This trust repair practice serves to frame the pandemic – initially as an external biosecurity threat and
subsequently as a natural and expectable characteristic of an infectious disease that can be handled – hinging largely on the
creation of “us-them,” which undermines equitable public health objectives and transmission mitigation in the long run.
Aducanumab anti-amyloid immunotherapy induces sustained microglial and immune alterations
Authors: Cadiz Mika P. , Gibson Katelin A. , Todd Kennedi T. , Nascari David G. , Massa Nashali , Lilley Meredith T. , Olney Kimberly C. , Al-Amin Md Mamun , Jiang Hong , Holtzman David M. , Fryer John D.
Published: January 2024

Aducanumab, an anti-amyloid immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s disease, efficiently reduces Aβ, though its plaque clearance mechanisms, long-term effects, and effects of discontinuation are not fully understood. We assessed the effect of aducanumab treatment and withdrawal on Aβ, neuritic dystrophy, astrocytes, and microglia in the APP/PS1 amyloid mouse model. We found that reductions in amyloid and neuritic dystrophy during acute treatment were accompanied by microglial and astrocytic activation, and microglial recruitment to plaques and adoption of an aducanumab-specific pro-phagocytic and pro-degradation transcriptomic signature, indicating a role for microglia in aducanumab-mediated Aβ clearance. Reductions in Aβ and dystrophy were sustained 15 but not 30 wk after discontinuation, and reaccumulation of plaques coincided with loss of the microglial aducanumab signature and failure of microglia to reactivate. This suggests that despite the initial benefit from treatment, microglia are unable to respond later to restrain plaque reaccumulation, making further studies on the effect of amyloid-directed immunotherapy withdrawal crucial for assessing long-term safety and efficacy.
How PKA helps cardiomyocytes Navigate chronic stress
Authors: Short Ben
Published: January 2024

JGP study (Bernas et al. 2024. J. Gen. Physiol.https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.202313436) suggests that, by altering microtubule dynamics, persistent PKA activation promotes the delivery of Nav1.5 channels to intercalated discs.
One to many one-way control in quadripartite asymmetric Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering
Authors: Xiao C , Cheng X Y , Lv J W , Shen Y R , Jiang Y X , Cheng L , Yu Y B , Jin G R , Chen A X
Published: January 2024

Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering is different from quantum entanglement because of its unique asymmetry. Multipartite asymmetric EPR steering can break through one-to-one monogamy steering and achieve one to many one-way steering. That is to say, the state of one part can steer the other rest parts simultaneously, while the other parts cannot steer this part. Here, a scheme is proposed to generate one to many one-way steering by optical parametric amplification cascaded with a sum-frequency generation process. One to many non-monogamy EPR steering, such as one to two and one to three one-way steering are demonstrated based on the criterion for asymmetric EPR steering. It is also find that different kinds of asymmetric EPR steering can be obtained by choosing different nonlinear parameters. This non-monogamous one to many quantum control has potential application in constructing quantum networks and realizing one-way quantum computing.
Quasinormal modes and isospectrality of Bardeen (Anti-) de Sitter black holes*
Authors: Zhao 赵 Ying 莹 , Liu 刘 Wentao 文韬 , Zhang 张 Chao 超 , Fang 房 Xiongjun 熊俊 , Jing 荆 Jiliang 继良
Published: January 2024

Black holes (BHs) exhibiting coordinate singularities but lacking essential singularities throughout the spacetime are referred to as regular black holes (RBHs). The initial formulation of RBHs was presented by Bardeen, who considered the Einstein equation coupled with a nonlinear electromagnetic field. In this study, we investigate the gravitational perturbations, including the axial and polar sectors, of the Bardeen (Anti-) de Sitter black holes. We derive the master equations with source terms for both axial and polar perturbations and subsequently compute the quasinormal modes (QNMs) through numerical methods. For the Bardeen de Sitter black hole, we employ the 6th-order WKB approach. The numerical results reveal that the isospectrality is broken in this case. Conversely, the QNM frequencies are calculated using the HH method for the Bardeen Anti-de Sitter black hole.
Projecting future forest microclimate using a land surface model
Authors: Hes Gabriel , Vanderkelen Inne , Fisher Rosie , Chave Jérôme , Ogée Jérôme , L Davin Edouard
Published: January 2024

The forest understory experiences temperature variations that are dampened compared to adjacent open areas, allowing the development of a forest microclimate and associated ecological conditions. It is however unclear to what extent forests will maintain this buffering effect under increasing global warming. Providing reliable projections of future forest microclimates is therefore crucial to anticipate climate change impacts on forest biodiversity, and to identify corresponding conservation strategies. Recent empirical studies suggest that the buffering of air temperature extremes in forest understory compared to open land could increase with global warming, albeit at a slower rate than macroclimate temperatures. Here, we investigate the trend of this temperature buffering effect in a high-emission global warming scenario, using the process-based Land Surface Model CLM5.1. We find biome-dependant buffering trends with strongest values in tropical forests where buffering increases for every degree of global warming by 0.1 ∘C for maximum soil temperature, and by 0.2 ∘C for maximum canopy air temperature. In boreal regions, forest microclimate exhibits a strong seasonality and the effect of global warming is more uncertain. Thus, our results highlight the importance of tropical forest canopies in particular, in maintaining hospitable conditions for understory species while increasing their climate debt under global warming. Our research also illustrates the potential and limitations of Land Surface Models to simulate forest microclimate, and calls for further collaborations between Earth system modelers and ecologists to jointly question climate and biosphere dynamics.
Development of hybrid 3D printing approach for fabrication of high-strength hydroxyapatite bioscaffold using FDM and DLP techniques
Authors: Cheng Yu-Jui , Wu Tsung-Han , Tseng Yu-Sheng , Chen Wen-Fan
Published: January 2024

This study develops a hybrid 3D printing approach that combines fused deposition modeling (FDM) and digital light processing (DLP) techniques for fabricating bioscaffolds, enabling rapid mass production. The FDM technique fabricates outer molds, while DLP prints struts for creating penetrating channels. By combining these components, hydroxyapatite (HA) bioscaffolds with different channel sizes (600, 800, and 1000 μm) and designed porosities (10%, 12.5%, and 15%) are fabricated using the slurry casting method with centrifugal vacuum defoaming for significant densification. This innovative method produces high-strength bioscaffolds with an overall porosity of 32%–37%, featuring tightly bound HA grains and a layered surface structure, resulting in remarkable cell viability and adhesion, along with minimal degradation rates and superior calcium phosphate deposition. The HA scaffolds show hardness ranging from 1.43 to 1.87 GPa, with increasing compressive strength as the designed porosity and channel size decrease. Compared to human cancellous bone at a similar porosity range of 30%–40%, exhibiting compressive strengths of 13–70 MPa and moduli of 0.8–8 GPa, the HA scaffolds demonstrate robust strengths ranging from 40 to 73 MPa, paired with lower moduli of 0.7–1.23 GPa. These attributes make them well-suited for cancellous bone repair, effectively mitigating issues like stress shielding and bone atrophy.