bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective Strategy of Drug Discovery from Marine Ecosystem
Authors: Jafari Porzani Samaneh , Nowruzi Bahareh
Published: November 2023

The bulk of today's medicines have been derived from natural sources in the
past. In the last 50 years, more than 20,000 inspirational natural resources have been
found in the aquatic world. The field of marine natural product chemistry is a relatively
new field, with roots in the 1960s and an emphasis on drug development in the 1980s.
Marine species constitute a significant portion of the oceanic community, and they play
an essential role in the production of medicinal molecules and cosmeceutical with
naturally effective moieties. They're full of potential antimicrobial, immunosuppressive, anti- carcinoma, anti- viral, and protease inhibitory compounds that could
be used in new therapeutics. Numerous compounds which care possibly about the
photoprotective mechanisms of strong pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical value have
previously been isolated from diverse marine sources like cyanobacteria strains,
lichens, fungi, algae, animals, plants and phytoplankton. Due to public concern about
ecosystem health and the consequent increase in aquaculture's supply of seafood in
industrialized nations, several marine-based medications are actively being developed
for commercial use. Corallina pilulifera extracts, for example, showed anti-photoaging
properties or photoprotective properties derived from marine sources. To combat UV-A-induced oxidative stress in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells, these extracts were
developed to provide high antioxidant activity and protection against DNA damage
while also inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a key player in skin
photoaging caused by UV-A exposure. Natural bioactive products are up against vast
chemical libraries and combinatorial chemistries in a fight for market share. As a result,
each stage of a natural product program, from environmental sampling and strain
selection to metabolic expression, genetic exploitation, sample processing, and
chemical dereplication, must be more effective than ever. Hence, in the presented
review, attempts have been made to illustrate more on the effective strategy of drug
discovery from the marine ecosystem.
AI based Clinical Analysis of COVID-19 Infected Patients
Authors: Yousuff Mohamed , Babu Rajasekhara , Anusha R. , Matheen M.A.
Published: November 2023

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an
unknown beta coronavirus that comes under the B genus, which causes Coronavirus
Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a declared universal epidemic, posing a serious menace to
human health irrespective of the nationality. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO) statistics, as of September 10, 2021, there were 223,022,539
positive cases of COVID-19 with 4,602,883 fatalities reported worldwide. A total of
5,352,927,297 vaccine doses have been facilitated since September 5, 2021. This
pandemic has become a ravaging illness because of its highly contractible nature and
mutations. Many types of research in diverse fields of science have been initiated to
suppress the effects and manage the havoc. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is classified as a
subdomain of science, which most certainly contributed to numerous applications in
confronting the present state at a broader level. In this chapter, we have tried to explore
state-of-the-art AI techniques implemented in the perspective of COVID-19 across
multiple subjects of concern. The AI approaches are utilized in the treatment,
diagnosis, prediction of recovery, severity and mortality of patients, chest X-Ray and
computed tomography-based analysis, pandemic prediction, its control and
management, pharmaceutical research, COVID-19 text corpus processing, and virus
apprehension. Thus, the comprehension of various applications is meant to enlighten
the status of AI in this pandemonium. Finally, we conclude with some suggestions and
remarks to tackle the disaster in an improved way.
Case Study: Impact of Industry 4.0 and Its Impact on Fighting COVID–19
Authors: Hari Priya N. , Rajeswari S. , Gunavathi R.
Published: November 2023

The emerging development in industrial technology for automation and data
sharing is known as Industry 4.0. It incorporates the Internet of Things, Cyber-physical
systems, and Cloud computing, all of which contribute to the development of a “smart
factory”. Customers, distributors, vendors, and stakeholders in the supply chain would
be capable of connecting and can exchange data easily through Industry 4.0. The
COVID-19 pandemic is quickly spreading and posing a threat to people all over the
world. Employment and activities in all markets have been disrupted, putting
economies all over the world in serious jeopardy. To combat the pandemic, retailers
will benefit from Industry 4.0 because it will help to mitigate the impact of identified
risks. I4.0 executives were focused on gaining a competitive edge, rising efficiency,
lowering prices, and, ensuring profitability as their primary aim was to enhance the
productivity of business during the time before the COVID-19 crisis. Our Government
has imposed new behavioral trends including social distancing, isolation and,
lockdown. The Government needs additional financial resources to combat pandemics
as a result of these actions, there has been a global economic slowdown. This chapter
enlightens the significance and technologies of Industry 4.0, showing how those
technologies and applications help in attaining a better society. It also explains how
Industry 4.0 helps in accomplishing sustainable manufacturing and the management
tactics it used to boost the company's efficiency, as well as the effects of COVID-19.
Content validity of men's u-21 soccer physical test
Authors: Adii Yuliance , Guntoro Tri Setyo , Sutoro Sutoro , Nurhidayah Dewi , Ndayisenga Japhet
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to test the content validity of the men's U21 football physical test. This research is a quantitative descriptive research with survey techniques using the delphy method. The sample in this study consisted of 7 experts, namely 2 physical condition experts, 2 football game experts, 2 soccer coaches, and 1 analyzer of the input results of each expert. A self design rubric used as an instrument in this study. The data analysis technique in this study uses the aiken-v formula. The finding showed the men's U21 football physical test has high content   validity based on expert’s mutual agreement. The experts validation showed high validity (r=1.0) for BMI test to measure body composition and Sit and Reach test to measure flexibility. 30 meter sprint test for speed, leg and back dynamometer test to measure strength and shuttle run for agility showed high validity value r= 0.89. The aerocic test using MFT test also have high validity (r=0.83). This reseach indicate that the test battery for men's U21 football players is relevant and able to measure their physical ability to perform well in the game. This fitness test battery need to be reviewed continously based on the current demand and requirement.
Modelos de satisfacción al cliente: Un análisis de los índices más relevantes
Authors: Zea Michelle , Morán Chiquito Diana , Vergara Romero Arnaldo , Jimber del Río Juan Antonio
Published: November 2023

El estudio de la satisfacción del cliente se ha constituido como una dimensión estratégica para el logro de buen desempeño empresarial, en el que las organizaciones deben ser capaces de satisfacer las necesidades y deseos de sus clientes. Este estudio analiza los modelos de satisfacción al cliente de mayor relevancia a nivel mundial, identificando las variables que los conforman, así como su evolución en el tiempo. Las conclusiones destacan la relevancia en la implementación de modelos de satisfacción al cliente desde la perspectiva macro, la cual permite conocer a la través del desarrollo de indicadores como se encuentra la satisfacción de los cliente y realizar  comparaciones  tanto nacionales y sectoriales  con el fin de marcar un estándar, que ayuda a la toma de decisiones por parte de las empresas para mejorar el servicio al cliente y organismos gubernamentales para la adopción de políticas que contribuyan al logro de la satisfacción del cliente.
valoración de empresas y las decisiones de inversión en el sector comercial farmacéutico
Authors: Molina Panchi Pablo Alexander , Molina Panchi Diego Fabián , Pico Barrionuevo Fanny Paulina , Guevara Uvidia Pilar del Rocío
Published: November 2023

El sector farmacéutico presenta una alta incertidumbre en el valor real de las empresas lo que ocasiona el desconocimiento de su valor intrínseco. El enfoque de la investigación es cuantitativo porque utiliza variables numéricas y pruebas estadísticas como Kolmogórov-Smirnov, Correlación de Pearson y Wilcoxon, el tipo es explicativo-correlacional porque explica la relación de las variables y las posibles causas de su comportamiento. Los resultados muestran que la valoración estática es subjetiva y el valor depende de la metodología utilizada, las variables muestran una relación directa, no existe una distribución normal, la mayor parte de empresas crean valor y su rentabilidad es sostenida, para futuras líneas de investigaciones se propone contrastar los resultados con los métodos Stuttgart, mixto y anglosajón.
Relation of Mental Foramen to dental implant
Authors: Hamdan Alani Sahar , Musa Ibrahim Luma , Alwan Hala A. , Abdel-Abbas Modar
Published: November 2023

Background: The mental foramen is a strategically important landmark during osteotomy procedures. Its location and the possibility that an anterior loop of the
mental nerve may be present mesial to the mental foramen needs to be considered
before implant surgery to avoid mental nerve injury. Material and method: This is
a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted using panoramic radiographic data of Iraqi regular healthy patients visiting dental teaching Hospitals at Al Farahidi College of Dentistry .The number of participants selected for this study is 40,
20 male and 20 female. Results: A total of 45 were processed and analyzed during the periods of the current study. Out of these, only 40 were considered sufficient for the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fifty Bee Gees for five subjects
were discarded because they were not matched with the inclusion and exclusion
criteria. The remaining 40 Bee Gees represent 20 male and 20 female subjects.
All the data were matched to get a better picture and comprehensive results.
Keywords: Mental Foramen, dental implant, mental foramen
Effect of cultivars and harvest dates on rice seeds vigore
Authors: Kamel Mohammad Ali Mohsen , Hameed Hamza Jalal , Shihab Ahmed Ahmed
Published: November 2023

A laboratory experiment was carried out according to a completely randomized
design with four repetitions on the seeds resulting from a field experiment applied for the two seasons, 2020 and 2021, to find out the effect of the cultivars
(Ambar 33, Yasamin, Dijlah, Ambar Al-Baraka and Furat 1) and the harvest
dates (at physiological maturity and after 7 and 14, 21 and 28 days of physiological maturity) on the vigour of rice seeds. The results showed the superiority of
the seeds of the cultivar Anbar Al-Baraka at first and final counting, dry weight
of the seedling, seedling vigor index and electrical conductivity, and the superiority of the seeds of Dijla cultivar at accelerated aging test and cold test without
significant difference with the Anbar Al-Baraka cultivar in both seasons. The
harvest date exceeded 14 days after physiological maturity at all studied traits in
both seasons. Anbar Al-Baraka at the harvest 14 days after physiological maturity
was superior at most studied traits. It can be concluded that the seeds of the cultivar Amber Al-Baraka showed the best performance at seed vigor, primarily harvested after 14 days of physiological maturity.
Keywords: accelerating aging, cold test, Oryza sativa, first count, seedling vigour, physiological maturity
Assessing the Performance of ChatGPT in Medical Biochemistry Using Clinical Case Vignettes: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Surapaneni Krishna Mohan
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

ChatGPT has gained global attention recently owing to its high performance in generating a wide range of information and retrieving any kind of data instantaneously. ChatGPT has also been tested for the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) and has successfully cleared it. Thus, its usability in medical education is now one of the key discussions worldwide.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT in medical biochemistry using clinical case vignettes.

METHODS

The performance of ChatGPT was evaluated in medical biochemistry using 10 clinical case vignettes. Clinical case vignettes were randomly selected and inputted in ChatGPT along with the response options. We tested the responses for each clinical case twice. The answers generated by ChatGPT were saved and checked using our reference material.

RESULTS

ChatGPT generated correct answers for 4 questions on the first attempt. For the other cases, there were differences in responses generated by ChatGPT in the first and second attempts. In the second attempt, ChatGPT provided correct answers for 6 questions and incorrect answers for 4 questions out of the 10 cases that were used. But, to our surprise, for case 3, different answers were obtained with multiple attempts. We believe this to have happened owing to the complexity of the case, which involved addressing various critical medical aspects related to amino acid metabolism in a balanced approach.

CONCLUSIONS

According to the findings of our study, ChatGPT may not be considered an accurate information provider for application in medical education to improve learning and assessment. However, our study was limited by a small sample size (10 clinical case vignettes) and the use of the publicly available version of ChatGPT (version 3.5). Although artificial intelligence (AI) has the capability to transform medical education, we emphasize the validation of such data produced by such AI systems for correctness and dependability before it could be implemented in practice.
Checkpoint ergonomics as a health and safety effort at work among women farmers
Authors: Restuputri Dian Palupi , Masudin Ilyas , Wardhana Rahmad Wisnu , Baroto Teguh , Arbiatul Arisna
Published: November 2023

PT X is a company that works in the plantation sector, one of which is an orange plantation. In the process of harvesting lime leaves, there are 3 workstations and 4 work activities. Most of the work is done manually with a high workload and repetitive movements, causing musculoskeletal complaints. Workers complain of musculoskeletal disorders while working. During initial observation, there were complaints of pain in the neck, shoulders, arms, waist, thighs, and knees. Based on these problems, this study aims to analyze the factors that cause musculoskeletal disorders in the orange harvesting process. The method used to solve problems with partners is by using an ergonomic checklist and the PATH method to analyze three physical risk factors in the workplace. Based on the results of data processing using the PATH method, it was found that the biggest risk factors for injury were 45.53% soil hoeing, 42.39% harvesting and 12.08% grass cutting. The proposed improvements given after being analyzed using ergonomic checkpoints are: (1) reducing bending or squatting postures; and (2) providing protectors and covers for lawn mowers and handcarts and handles for tools for harvesting oranges. This proposed improvement is in accordance with Sustainable Development Goals number 3, namely Good Health and Wellbeing for all.
Youth empowerment against poverty in Yobe State, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Alhaji Ahmadu , Kiiza Julius , Atekyereza Peter
Published: November 2023

Global efforts to end poverty and unfair development should focus on the empowered youth as the cornerstone. In Nigeria, the youth form 60 percent of the population. The majority of them are unemployed and ultimately poor. Poverty reduction requires empowerment to overcome the barriers to a better life. This study examined the nature of youth empowerment and its impact on the well-being of the youth in Yobe State, Nigeria. It used a quantitative method and administered questionnaires to 393 randomly selected respondents. Data was collected on youth's attitudes, views and experiences on various aspects of their lives and well-being and the nature of empowerment programmes in Yobe State. The study findings show that many empowerment programmes have been implemented but have had low impact on the youth. Poverty and unemployment remain high, mainly among the youth. In addition, youth attitudes and experiences show a lack of satisfaction with the nature of youth empowerment. Disempowered youth lack the confidence and belief that they have the opportunities to develop themselves or escape poverty and such disempowerment compromises their citizenry roles as the youth. Therefore, there is a need to improve the infrastructure and strengthen empowerment programmes to improve the well-being of the youth.
Strengthening students’ ability to create content in tourism brand communication
Authors: Gusfa Henni , Arswendi Riki , Syaefuddin S.
Published: November 2023

Vocational high school of 60 Duri Kepa Jakarta has an advantage in developing tourism learning. This is essential in realizing national development priorities, namely tourism. Students' abilities are supported by technological developments and various social media applications to communicate tourism branding in the city of Jakarta. A number of tourist destinations in Jakarta are popular and some are not popular, this issue has sparked student communication creativity in communicating the branding of tourist destinations. Community service programs in partnership with neighboring countries provide new enthusiasm in digital content literacy and environmental communication. Training on communicating tourism destination branding requires out of the box ideas, so that people or travelers can accept the meaning of branding communicated by students about the situation of the destinations they visit. This training results in changes in students' ability to communicate branding of tourist destinations in the city of Jakarta which is based on sustainable tourism communication.
Delivering online community service from community perspective: A critical review
Authors: Wahyuni Andi Sri
Published: November 2023

This study presents a sharp and critical analysis of community service activities conducted by Indonesian university actors through zoom platform. Since the onset of the 2020 pandemic, community service activities have been compelled to transition to online platforms due to the necessity of maintaining social distancing. Even after the pandemic subsides, some campuses continue to engage in these activities. The research question addressed in this study is whether these methods align with the needs of the community. To answer this question, the study critically analyzes various scholarly articles that explore the implementation of community service through online teaching methods. The use of online media, such as Zoom, for community service training poses challenges from a community perspective. Firstly, it primarily benefits middle to upper-class communities who have the necessary equipment like smartphones or laptops with internet access, which contradicts the goal of reaching marginalized communities with limited resources. Secondly, the online format hinders active participation from both university and community actors, raising concerns about meaningful engagement. Moreover, selecting only a few individuals as representatives of the entire community further complicates community representation in online community service. The case studies lack clarity on how these participants effectively represent their communities and address their needs.
Training on making handwash Ag nanoparticle of Sesbania leaf extract for Fatayat NU
Authors: Amananti Wilda , Kusnadi K. , Perwita Sari Meliyana , Fatmawati Nur Alfia , Riyanta Aldi Budi
Published: November 2023

In order to strengthen the skills and creativity of Fatayat Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) members, Handwash soap making training is a useful activity.  Soap making training can provide Fatayat NU members with the opportunity to acquire new skills. In this training, participants will learn various techniques and methods in making quality soap. This community service activity can also provide information and knowledge to Fatayat NU women about making Sesbania leaf extract nanoparticle handwash soap. Based on the evaluation results, it shows an increase in the knowledge of Fatayat NU about making handwash. With an increase in the average value of pretest results from 40 and posttest 75 This community service is an effective means of disseminating information and knowledge about hygiene, health, and the importance of washing hands with soap.
Mapping of potential work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Junrejo community health center
Authors: Prastowo Bayu , Hanny Ananda , Prayudho Danang Dwi
Published: November 2023

The International Labor Organization states that controlling work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) is part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) program to protect labour rights and promote a work environment according to the concept of Ergonomic Function Deployment (EFD). This study aims to map the potential for WMSDs in the Junrejo Community Health Center environment. The study used the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire presented using data triangulation. The NBM results showed an average score of 32.54. This value informs that workers in the Junrejo community health centre environment have a low risk of WMSDs or do not yet need priority action.
The effect of the marketing mix on purchase decisions and customer satisfaction
Authors: Sinaga Angelika Rouli , Husda Nur Elfi
Published: November 2023

Purchasing decisions and customer satisfaction are what determine marketing. This study aimed to analyze the effect of marketing mix variables of price, place, and promotion on purchase decisions and customer satisfaction at SDS Nusantara of Batam City. The research method used was quantitative method with data collected using questionnaires distributed directly to 150 respondents and using accidental sampling. The data processing analysis used in this research was SemPLS 3.2.9 application. The results of this study found that the price, place and promotion variables had a positive and significant effect, then the price, place and promotion variables also had significant and positive effect on customer satisfaction, finally the purchase decision had a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction.
The role of local government in Reog Ponorogo MSME empowerment: A regulator, facilitator, and catalyst
Authors: Maulida Ima , Mustofa Amirul , Haryati Eny
Published: November 2023

This research aims to understand the role of the government as a regulator, facilitator, and catalyst in empowering MSMEs in Reog Ponorogo. The qualitative descriptive research method is used with data collection using observation, interviews, and documentation methods. The results of this research show that the role of local government as a regulator, facilitator, and catalyst in empowering MSMEs in Reog Ponorogo still needs to be improved. As a regulator, the local government should be able to create policies or regulations that agencies can implement to develop Ponorogo Reog MSMEs, such as agency uniform regulations that use Reog attributes in August. The government's role as a catalyst is to provide accessible trading permits for new MSMEs and provide stimulus in the form of people's business credit or KUR in collaboration with private parties in developing MSMEs with relatively simple application requirements.
The quantum switch is uniquely defined by its action on unitary operations
Authors: Dong Qingxiuxiong , Quintino Marco Túlio , Soeda Akihito , Murao Mio
Published: November 2023

The quantum switch is a quantum process that creates a coherent control between different unitary operations, which is often described as a quantum process which transforms a pair of unitary operations (U1,U2) into a controlled unitary operation that coherently applies them in different orders as |0⟩⟨0|⊗U1U2+|1⟩⟨1|⊗U2U1. This description, however, does not directly define its action on non-unitary operations. The action of the quantum switch on non-unitary operations is then chosen to be a ``natural'' extension of its action on unitary operations. In general, the action of a process on non-unitary operations is not uniquely determined by its action on unitary operations. It may be that there could be a set of inequivalent extensions of the quantum switch for non-unitary operations. We prove, however, that the natural extension is the only possibility for the quantum switch for the 2-slot case. In other words, contrary to the general case, the action of the quantum switch on non-unitary operations (as a linear and completely CP preserving supermap) is completely determined by its action on unitary operations. We also discuss the general problem of when the complete description of a quantum process is uniquely determined by its action on unitary operations and identify a set of single-slot processes which are completely defined by their action on unitary operations.
Preparing quantum many-body scar states on quantum computers
Authors: Gustafson Erik J. , Li Andy C. Y. , Khan Abid , Kim Joonho , Kurkcuoglu Doga Murat , Alam M. Sohaib , Orth Peter P. , Rahmani Armin , Iadecola Thomas
Published: November 2023

Quantum many-body scar states are highly excited eigenstates of many-body systems that exhibit atypical entanglement and correlation properties relative to typical eigenstates at the same energy density. Scar states also give rise to infinitely long-lived coherent dynamics when the system is prepared in a special initial state having finite overlap with them. Many models with exact scar states have been constructed, but the fate of scarred eigenstates and dynamics when these models are perturbed is difficult to study with classical computational techniques. In this work, we propose state preparation protocols that enable the use of quantum computers to study this question. We present protocols both for individual scar states in a particular model, as well as superpositions of them that give rise to coherent dynamics. For superpositions of scar states, we present both a system-size-linear depth unitary and a finite-depth nonunitary state preparation protocol, the latter of which uses measurement and postselection to reduce the circuit depth. For individual scarred eigenstates, we formulate an exact state preparation approach based on matrix product states that yields quasipolynomial-depth circuits, as well as a variational approach with a polynomial-depth ansatz circuit. We also provide proof of principle state-preparation demonstrations on superconducting quantum hardware.
A rapidly mixing Markov chain from any gapped quantum many-body system
Authors: Bravyi Sergey , Carleo Giuseppe , Gosset David , Liu Yinchen
Published: November 2023

We consider the computational task of sampling a bit string x from a distribution π(x)=|⟨x|ψ⟩|2, where ψ is the unique ground state of a local Hamiltonian H. Our main result describes a direct link between the inverse spectral gap of H and the mixing time of an associated continuous-time Markov Chain with steady state π. The Markov Chain can be implemented efficiently whenever ratios of ground state amplitudes ⟨y|ψ⟩/⟨x|ψ⟩ are efficiently computable, the spectral gap of H is at least inverse polynomial in the system size, and the starting state of the chain satisfies a mild technical condition that can be efficiently checked. This extends a previously known relationship between sign-problem free Hamiltonians and Markov chains. The tool which enables this generalization is the so-called fixed-node Hamiltonian construction, previously used in Quantum Monte Carlo simulations to address the fermionic sign problem. We implement the proposed sampling algorithm numerically and use it to sample from the ground state of Haldane-Shastry Hamiltonian with up to 56 qubits. We observe empirically that our Markov chain based on the fixed-node Hamiltonian mixes more rapidly than the standard Metropolis-Hastings Markov chain.
Krievijas impērijas pārvalde Vidzemes provincē Katrīnas II valdīšanas laikā (1762–1767)
Authors:   Valmieras muzejs, Ļebezovs Germans
Published: November 2023

Vidzemes province Krievijas impērijai tika pievienota 1721. gadā, un pēc Nīstades miera līguma nosacījumiem tā saglabāja vietējās pārvaldes tiesības. 1762. gadā Krievijas impērijā pie varas nāca imperatore Katrīna II, kura centās nostiprināt Krievijas impērijas valsts centralizētu pārvaldi Vidzemes provincē. Iegūstot informāciju no Vidzemes ģenerālgubernatora ziņojumiem par situāciju Vidzemes provincē, kā arī citām amatpersonām, Katrīna II secināja, ka Krievijas impērijas likumi Vidzemes provincē tika pārkāpti.
Ieskats Valmieras viduslaiku vēstures tēmu problemātikā 18.–19. gadsimta vācbaltiešu historiogrāfijā
Authors:   Valmieras muzejs, Rokpelne Liene
Published: November 2023

Raksts ir neliela daļa plašākam pētījumam, kas būs veltīts Valmieras viduslaiku vēstures atspoguļošanai historiogrāfijā. Ņemot vērā gan profesionālo, gan vēsturnieku amatieru, publikāciju apjomu, rakstā tiks aplūkotas 18. un 19. gadsimtā priekšplānā izvirzītās tēmas, kas apraksta Valmieru viduslaikos. Līdzās citu autoru darbiem Rīgas vēstures un senatnes biedrības (Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde zu Riga, darbojusies 1834–1939) bibliotekāra Vilhelma Heines (Wilhelm Friedrich Heine, 1871–1917) 1894. gadā izdotā grāmata “Beiträge zur Geschichte der Stadt Wolmar”, kļuvusi par visvairāk citēto darbu Valmieras viduslaiku vēstures sakarā. Raksta mērķis: analizējot historiogrāfiju, noskaidrot populārāko tēmu problemātiku Valmieras viduslaiku vēsturē, kas aktuālas vēl šodien. Izpētes gaitā gūtas atziņas, ka liela daļa problemātikas radusies nekorektu, nekonkrētu vai neesošu atsauču lietošanā, nepareizu faktu interpretācijā un tulkojumos, nekritiski uzticoties autoritātēm. Minētie faktori devuši iedvesmu raksta autores tālākiem pētījumiem, salīdzinot aprakstītos faktus ar to, ko iespējams atrast publicētos un nepublicētos oriģinālavotos.
A Digital Analysis of Artisans’ Statutes – An Introduction of Digital Methods in Medieval Livonian History Research
Authors:   Tallinn University School of Humanities, Bruževica Rūta
Published: November 2023

The field of history is rapidly implementing digital humanities tools in researching various historical periods and questions. In medieval history research, one of the major technologies to help with the work with sources is Handwritten Text Recognition, allowing a faster transcription of sources. Source digitalisation results in digital editions and datasets, providing sustainable research data for open and future use. This article lists several digital tools suitable for use in researching medieval Livonian history with an example of Artisans’ Statutes in the process of full-scale digitalisation.
Sense of Community Among Film Production Workers in Lithuania
Authors:   Vytautas Magnus University, Stankutė Akvilė
Published: November 2023

This paper attempts to reveal the creation of a sense of community among film production workers in two historical periods – during the Soviet era and after the restoration of Lithuania’s independence. The communality of film production workers is presented through the following aspects: the case of a localized/delocalized community, sense of belonging through “family feeling”, occasions that unite film production workers. Film production workers who worked in the Soviet era and the first years of independent Lithuania expressed a stronger sense of belonging to the community compared to those who worked later, or are currently working in the film industry.
Latvijas un ASV 1926. gada Pagaidu tirdzniecības nolīgums
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Selga Marika
Published: November 2023

1922. gada septembrī Latvijas valdība ASV pārstāvim Rīgā iesniedza tirdzniecības līguma projektu. ASV 1923. gadā piedāvāja savu Draudzības, tirdzniecības un konsulāro tiesību līguma projektu. Taču plānotā līguma vietā 1926. gada 1. februārī tika parakstīts Pagaidu tirdzniecības nolīgums. Raksta mērķis ir ieskicēt ASV un Latvijas tirdzniecības līguma sarunu gaitu, precizēt ASV attieksmi pret Baltijas klauzulu, kā arī identificēt iemeslus Pagaidu tirdzniecības nolīguma parakstīšanai. Autore konstatē, ka ASV bija ieinteresētas līguma parakstīšanā, tām nebija iebildumu pret Baltijas klauzulu, taču vienošanos ietekmēja ASV–Vācijas tirdzniecības līguma ratifikācijas kavēšanās ASV Senātā, kā rezultātā ASV ierosināja Līgumu parakstīt modus vivendi. Latvijas pusei šāds modelis sākotnēji nebija pieņemams.
Situācija uz Latvijas un Padomju Savienības robežas 20. gadsimta 20. gadu pirmajā pusē
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Beļska Kristiāna
Published: November 2023

Šī raksta mērķis ir analizēt situāciju uz Latvijas–PSRS robežas no 1922. gada beigām līdz 1925. gadam, galveno uzmanību pievēršot robežincidentu raksturojumam, to izpausmēm un ietekmei uz Latvijas–PSRS attiecībām. Robežincidentu amplitūda pēc to nopietnības bija liela – no lopu, malkas un siena zādzībām līdz apšaudēm un cilvēku patvaļīgām aizvešanām uz PSRS. Var secināt, ka Latvijas iestādes ātri sāka apzināties, ka PSRS veicināja un izmantoja savā labā haosu uz robežas, taču Latvija nespēja rast pietiekami efektīvu risinājumu šai problēmai.
LPSR sabiedrības sovetizācija 1944–1953: reliģiskās dzīves piemērs
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Hristenko Diāna
Published: November 2023

Publikācijas mērķis ir raksturot LPSR reliģiskās dzīves politiski smagajā staļinisma periodā. Tās ietvaros tiek raksturoti sabiedrības sovetizācijas posmi un to ietekme uz reliģisko dzīvi LPSR, reliģijas kontroles struktūras, izmantojot trīs lielāko LPSR konfesiju – evaņģēliski luteriskās baznīcas, Romas katoļu baznīcas un Latvijas pareizticīgās baznīcas – piemērus. Tiek analizētas reliģiskās dzīves pārmaiņas dažādās sovetizācijas fāzēs, baznīcu un padomju varas attiecību dinamika.
Latgalieši Latvijas PSR tirdzniecības un zvejniecības flotē (1944–1991): ieskats sociālajā portretā
Authors:   Rīgas vēstures un kuģniecības muzejs, Strods Kaspars
Published: November 2023

Jau vairākus gadsimtus jūrniecība ir kļuvusi par neatņemamu Latvijas vēstures sastāvdaļu. Nozarei attīstoties, tā piesaistīja aizvien vairāk potenciālo jūrniecības speciālistu no visas Latvijas teritorijas. Arī Latgales jaunieši aktīvi piedalījās jūrniecības attīstībā, arī padomju okupācijas gados. Pētījuma mērķis ir sniegt ieskatu padomju okupācijas laikā tirdzniecības un zvejniecības flotē iesaistīto Latgalē dzimušo personu sociālajā portretā.
SISTEM PEWARISAN NILAI-NILAI BUDAYA LOKAL KALENDER MUSIM MASYARAKAT NELAYAN REMBANG
Authors: Setyono Bagus , Juhadi Juhadi , Banowati Eva , Sanjoto Tjaturahono Budi
Published: November 2023

Abstract: The preservation of the calendar of season must be maintained as the evidence of culture whose its continuity must not to be lost. This research aims to undertand and analyze the system of inheritance of local values regarding the calendar of season among local fisherman community in Rembang Resident. The research was conducted with qualitative study case approach. The data collection of this research was conducted using in-depth interview, FGD (Focus Group Discussion), observation, as well as the library study and documentation. The data analysis technique was utilized with the Miles and Huberman model analysis technique which includes three stages, such as data reduction, data presetation, and drawing conclusion. The result shows that the knowledge of calendar of season was obtained from many sources, that is from parents, grandfather, uncle, in-law, and fellow fisherman. The inheritance process was done through three transmission routes, that is vertical, oblique, and horizontal transmission. Verbal transmission and direct practical teaching is used as inheritance method when they go to sea. In practice, the inheritance process is carried out verbally and not documented. The passing on of knowledge of the calendar of season aims to help the generation in running their activities on the sea.Keywords: Inheritance; Local Wisdom; Season Calendar.Abstrak: Kelestarian dari kalender musim harus tetap dijaga sebagai sebuah bukti budaya yang keberlangsungannya tidak boleh hilang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis sistem pewarisan nilai-nilai lokal tentang kalender musim pada kelompok nelayan lokal di Kabupaten Rembang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekekatan kualitatif studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam, FGD (Focus Group Discussion), observasi, serta studi pustaka dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis model Miles and Huberman yang meliputi tiga tahapan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan kalender musim didapatkan dari banyak sumber yaitu dari orang tua, kakek, paman, mertua, dan teman sesama nelayan. Proses pewarisan dilakukan melalui tiga jalur transmisi yaitu melalui transmisi vertikal, transmiri miring, dan transmisi horizontal. Metode pewarisan yang digunakan yaitu penyampaian secara lisan dan pengajaran/praktik langsung ketika diajak melaut. Proses pewarisan tersebut dalam praktiknya dilakukan secara verbal/lisan dan tidak terdokumentasikan. Pewarisan pengetahuan kalender musim bertujuan untuk membantu generasi tersebut dalam menjalankan aktivitasnya dalam melaut.Kata Kunci: Pewarisan; Kearifan Lokal; Kalender Musim.
The special economic zone: A regulation of cross-border trading in a developing economy
Authors: Sungsuwan Nisit , Sonsuphap Rattaphong
Published: November 2023

Special economic zones (SEZs) have been used by many developing countries as a policy tool to promote industrialization and economic transformation (Zeng, 2021). This qualitative research aims to explain the readiness that drives the development of the Tak special economic zone of government agencies and entrepreneurs located in Mae Pa subdistrict, Mae Sot district, in Tak province of Thailand, in terms of both its social and economic aspects. In-depth interviews were conducted with ten key informants, employing purposive sampling. Content analysis and NVivo software were used to analyse the qualitative data. The findings revealed that the main obstacles and problems in developing the Mae Pa subdistrict special economic zone to achieve sustainability in the operation of government agencies are unclear bureaucratic regulations and a lack of legislation supporting the work of related agencies at the national and local levels. By inviting the prime minister to work groups in various committees, the government should prioritise the subdistrict administrative organisation. A town plan with the establishment of a centre for the integration of the Tak special economic development zone of each area based on public opinion, particularly among those who will be affected by this development, should be designed.
Examination of the presence of periodontitis and gingivitis in rats with induced diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kuzmanovic-Radman Irena , Arbutina Adriana , Josipovic Renata , Marin Sasa , Umicevic-Davidovic Mirjana , Arbutina Radmila , Trtic Natasa , Vrhovac Bojan , Djeri Aleksandra
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a state of chronic hyperglycemia that
is a predisposing factor to caries, gingivitis, inflammation of
periodontium, oral candidiasis, xerostomia and many other diseases of the
oral cavity. Inflammation of the supporting tissue of the tooth is a chronic
disease that destroys the supporting structure of the tooth, i.e.
periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The aim of this study was to examine
using histological analysis the presence of periodontitis and gingivitis in
rats with experimentally induced DM that were sacrificed after 14 and 30
days. Material and methods. The research was conducted on 42 Wistar rats. DM
in experimental animals was induced by the use of Alloxan intraperitoneally.
The first group (Exp_14) consisted of 16 rats in which DM was induced and
sacrificed after 14 days, the second group (Exp_30) consisted of 16 rats in
which DM was induced and they were sacrificed after 30 days, while the
control consisted of 10 healthy rats. Results. Periodontitis and gingivitis
in the first group of rats (Exp_14) were determined in 54.5% of cases, while
in the second group (Exp_30) in 88% of cases. In the control group no case
of periodontitis and gingivitis was recorded. A highly statistically
significant difference was found between the examined groups (Chi-square =
14.685; p < 0.001). Conclusion. In the group of rats with experimentally
induced DM that were sacrificed after 30 days, a significantly higher
incidence of periodontitis and gingivitis was found compared to the group of
rats that were sacrificed after 14 days.
Roles of Activin A and Gpnmb in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)
Authors: Liu Huan , Yerevanian Armen , Westerhoff Maria , Hastings Margaret H. , Guerra Justin Ralph Baldovino , Zhao Meng , Svensson Katrin J. , Cai Bishuang , Soukas Alexander A. , Rosenzweig Anthony
Published: November 2023

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD, formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH, formerly known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH]) are leading chronic liver diseases, driving cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and mortality. MASLD/MASH is associated with increased senescence proteins, including Activin A, and senolytics have been proposed as a therapeutic approach. To test the role of Activin A, we induced hepatic expression of Activin A in a murine MASLD/MASH model. Surprisingly, overexpression of hepatic Activin A dramatically mitigated MASLD, reducing liver steatosis and inflammation as well as systemic fat accumulation, while improving insulin sensitivity. Further studies identified a dramatic decrease in the lipid-associated macrophages marker glycoprotein NMB (Gpnmb) by Activin A, and Gpnmb knockdown in the same model produced similar benefits and transcriptional changes to Activin A expression. These studies reveal a surprising protective role for Activin A in MASLD and the potential for SASP proteins to have context-specific beneficial effects. Moreover, they implicate both Activin A and Gpnmb as potential therapeutic targets for this condition.

Article Highlights
Plasma Neuronal Growth Regulator 1 May Link Physical Activity to Reduced Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Proteome-Wide Study of ARIC Participants
Authors: Steffen Brian T. , McDonough Daniel J. , Pankow James S. , Tang Weihong , Rooney Mary R. , Demmer Ryan T. , Lutsey Pamela L. , Guan Weihua , Gabriel Kelley Pettee , Palta Priya , Moser Ethan D. , Pereira Mark A.
Published: November 2023

Habitual physical activity (PA) impacts the plasma proteome and reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Using a large-scale proteome-wide approach in Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study participants, we aimed to identify plasma proteins associated with PA and determine which of these may be causally related to lower T2D risk. PA was associated with 92 plasma proteins in discovery (P < 1.01 × 10−5), and 40 remained significant in replication (P < 5.43 × 10−4). Eighteen of these proteins were independently associated with incident T2D (P < 1.25 × 10−3), including neuronal growth regulator 1 (NeGR1; hazard ratio per SD 0.85; P = 7.5 × 10−11). Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) inverse variance weighted analysis indicated that higher NeGR1 reduces T2D risk (odds ratio [OR] per SD 0.92; P = 0.03) and was consistent with MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode sensitivity analyses. A stronger association was observed for the single cis-acting NeGR1 genetic variant (OR per SD 0.80; P = 6.3 × 10−5). Coupled with previous evidence that low circulating NeGR1 levels promote adiposity, its association with PA and potential causal role in T2D shown here suggest that NeGR1 may link PA exposure with metabolic outcomes. Further research is warranted to confirm our findings and examine the interplay of PA, NeGR1, adiposity, and metabolic health.

Article Highlights
Features of professional legal understanding
Authors: Kelman Mykhailo
Published: November 2023

Abstract. The relevance of the mentioned issues lies in the analysis of the approaches to the interpretation of legal understanding as a key category of jurisprudence available in the legal doctrine. The nature of professional legal understanding as its separate level (type) is revealed. The peculiarities of the professional legal understanding of practicing lawyers in various legal families of today are outlined. It was determined that the dynamics of changes in the life of modern society, its increasing individualization and globalization are reflected in the radical transformation of legal reality, affect the entire legal toolkit and professional training of lawyers. In the context of such changes, the issue of professional legal understanding as a praxeological basis of practical legal activity acquires a new vision. The problem of professional legal understanding is extremely important and complex, as it is not reduced to simple knowledge of national and international law and the use of this knowledge in the process of solving specific legal cases. Legal activity requires a combination of abstract and concrete, highlighting the legal aspect of any problem under consideration, generalization and classification of various legally significant phenomena, events and facts. It was concluded that the semantic characteristics of law and the profession of a lawyer are always connected with the possibilities of preventing the occurrence of conflict situations, and in the event of conflicts, achieving their optimal resolution. Just as the purpose of law from its inception in ancient society to the present day is to ensure the integrity of human existence from the clan or tribe in ancient society to the family and the state in modern life. If the scientific-theoretical understanding of law involves the achievement of systematization, orderliness, and certainty of legal norms, then professional understanding of law focuses on its individualized forms, which involve the active, creative influence of legal practitioners, etc. The formation, functioning and development of professional legal understanding are significantly influenced not only, or even sometimes not so rational, as irrational moments (aspects) inherent in the individual creativity of subjects of practical legal activity. Within the understanding of the essence of law is the primary source of the problem of legal science as a whole. Throughout the centuries-old history of the genesis of law, scientific interest in it does not fade away, but, on the contrary, is constantly growing.