bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural Dynamics of Cognitive Control over Working Memory Capture of Attention
Authors: Whitehead Peter S. , Ooi Mathilde M. , Egner Tobias , Woldorff Marty G.
Published: April 2019

The contents of working memory (WM) guide visual attention toward matching features, with visual search being faster when the target and a feature of an item held in WM spatially overlap (validly cued) than when they occur at different locations (invalidly cued). Recent behavioral studies have indicated that attentional capture by WM content can be modulated by cognitive control: When WM cues are reliably helpful to visual search (predictably valid), capture is enhanced, but when reliably detrimental (predictably invalid), capture is attenuated. The neural mechanisms underlying this effect are not well understood, however. Here, we leveraged the high temporal resolution of ERPs time-locked to the onset of the search display to determine how and at what processing stage cognitive control modulates the search process. We manipulated predictability by grouping trials into unpredictable (50% valid/invalid) and predictable (100% valid, 100% invalid) blocks. Behavioral results confirmed that predictability modulated WM-related capture. Comparison of ERPs to the search arrays showed that the N2pc, a posteriorly distributed signature of initial attentional orienting toward a lateralized target, was not impacted by target validity predictability. However, a longer latency, more anterior, lateralized effect—here, termed the “contralateral attention-related negativity”—was reduced under predictable conditions. This reduction interacted with validity, with substantially greater reduction for invalid than valid trials. These data suggest cognitive control over attentional capture by WM content does not affect the initial attentional-orienting process but can reduce the need to marshal later control mechanisms for processing relevant items in the visual world.
Joint Transition-Based Models for Morpho-Syntactic Parsing: Parsing Strategies for MRLs and a Case Study from Modern Hebrew
Authors: More Amir , Seker Amit , Basmova Victoria , Tsarfaty Reut
Published: April 2019

In standard NLP pipelines, morphological analysis and disambiguation (MA&D) precedes syntactic and semantic downstream tasks. However, for languages with complex and ambiguous word-internal structure, known as morphologically rich languages (MRLs), it has been hypothesized that syntactic context may be crucial for accurate MA&D, and vice versa. In this work we empirically confirm this hypothesis for Modern Hebrew, an MRL with complex morphology and severe word-level ambiguity, in a novel transition-based framework. Specifically, we propose a joint morphosyntactic transition-based framework which formally unifies two distinct transition systems, morphological and syntactic, into a single transition-based system with joint training and joint inference. We empirically show that MA&D results obtained in the joint settings outperform MA&D results obtained by the respective standalone components, and that end-to-end parsing results obtained by our joint system present a new state of the art for Hebrew dependency parsing.
Nomenclatural notes on some Diptera genus-group names of P.A. Latreille
Authors: EVENHUIS NEAL L.
Published: April 2019

Nomenclatural notes are presented for a few Diptera genus-group names of P.A. Latreille. Gonypes Latreille [Asilidae] is foundto be available from 1804 and not 1805 with no change in type species designation. Molobrus Latreille [Sciaridae] is found tobe available from 1804 and not 1805, and its type species, Tipula thomae Linnaeus, 1767 is fixed by invoking Article 70.3 ofthe ICZN Code, which maintains its junior synonymy under Sciara Meigen, 1803. Oligotrophus Latreille [Cecidomyiidae] isfound to be available from 1804 and not 1805 with no change in type species designation. The earliest valid subsequent typedesignation from originally included species was found for Pangonius Latreille [Tabanidae] to be Tabanus proboscideusFabricius, 1794 by Ersch & Gruber in 1838. Voluccella Fabricius, 1794 is deemed to be an available name (not an incorrectsubsequent spelling of Volucella Geoffroy, 1762) and thus has priority over Usia Latreille, 1802. In order to maintain stabilityof nomenclature and prevailing usage, reversal of precedence is invoked (ICZN Code Article 23.9.2) and Usia Latreille is conserved as a nomen protectum and Voluccella Fabricius, 1794 is treated as a nomen oblitum.
Dario urops, a new species of badid fish from the Western Ghats, southern India (Teleostei: Percomorpha: Badidae)
Authors: BRITZ RALF , ALI ANVAR , PHILIP SIBY
Published: April 2019

Dario urops, new species, is described from a small stream of the Barapole tributary of Valapattanam River in southern Karna-taka and from Wayanad District, Kerala. It can be distinguished from its congeners by the presence of a conspicuous blackblotch on the caudal peduncle and a horizontal suborbital stripe, by the anterior dorsal fin lappets in males not being produced beyond fin spines, and by its vertebral count.
Addenda to the insects found in birds’ nests from the Neotropical Region and Neotropical immigrants in the Nearctic Region, with a discussion of the probable transmission mechanism of Ornithocoris toledoi (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)
Authors: IORIO OSVALDO DI , TURIENZO PAOLA
Published: April 2019

The present work adds some records to the insect fauna in birds’ nests from the Neotropical Region and Neotropical im-migrants in the Nearctic Region. Unpublished records of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) prior to 2005 are includedhere, especially the localities of some specimens from the collection of Antonio Martínez. According to new data recentlypublished, the probable transmission mechanism of Ornithocoris toledoi (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) is presented here and discussed.
The bat bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) from Argentina: geographic distributions, hosts, and new records
Authors: IORIO OSVALDO DI
Published: April 2019

Three species of bat bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) are known from Argentina: Latrocimex spectans (Lent, 1941) [Corrientes] inthe subfamily Latrocimicinae Usinger, 1966; Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758 [Jujuy; Salta; Tucumán; Catamarca; Chaco;Córdoba; Buenos Aires]; and Propicimex tucmatiani (Wygodzinsky, 1951) [Salta; Tucumán; Santiago del Estero], both in thesubfamily Cimicinae Latreille, 1802. The finding of bat bugs in the province of Buenos Aires extends 867.5 km southeast in a straight line the previous southermost locality given in Santiago del Estero province.
New species and new report of Hyalella S. I. Smith, 1874 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Dogielinotidae) from Minas Gerais state, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: BASTOS-PEREIRA RAFAELA , DE PÁDUA BUENO ALESSANDRA ANGÉLICA
Published: April 2019

At present, 13 species of Hyalella are recorded from Brazilian hydrographic basins. A new species of the genus was foundin the municipality of Arcos, Minas Gerais state and it is described here. Curved seta on inner ramus of male uropod 1,posterior margin of gnathopod 2 propodus shorter than palm, telson longer than wide are some of the diagnostic charatctersof this new species. The articles of maxillipod palp and propodus of gnathopod 2 are elongated as observed in H.longistila,but the new species differs from it because of the curved seta on uropod 1. Despite being large and diverse group, Hyalellais represented only by two species in the state of Minas Gerais (Southeastern Brazil), H. warminig and H. gracilicornis.The distribution of H. longistila, previously recorded in Rio de Janeiro state, was extended to Minas Gerais state. Thiswork, therefore, contributes for the knowledge of Amphipoda fauna from Brazil, describing a new species and providing a key to the species identification. From this work, the number of Hyalella species found in Brazil to 14.
A new genus of Neotropical Chrysopini (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors: SOSA FRANCISCO , DE FREITAS SERGIO
Published: April 2019

Titanochrysa Sosa & Freitas is a new genus of Neotropical Chrysopini (Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae) recorded from Costa Rica,Venezuela and Brazil. Titanochrysa gen. nov. shares several external and genitalic characters with Ceraeochrysa Adams, 1982;Chrysopodes Navás, 1913; Cryptochrysa Freitas & Penny, 2000; Parachrysopiella Brooks & Barnard, 1990 and Ungla Navás1914. It may be distinguished from those genera by its very long sternite 8+9, sternites 2–8 usually with microtholi, male geni-talia with the dorsal surface of the arcessus striated, gonosaccus well-developed, bearing elongate gonosetae and microsetae,and a spoon-like gonapsis. Herein, Titanochrysa circumfusa (Burmeister, 1939) [= Chrysopodes circumfusa (Burmeister)]comb. nov. and Titanochrysa pseudovaricosa (Penny) [= Ceraeochrysa pseudovaricosa Penny, 1998] comb. nov. were identi-fied; Titanochrysa ferreirai Sosa & Freitas sp. nov. and Titanochrysa trespuntensis Sosa & Freitas sp. nov. were described.The external morphology, and male and female genitalia of all these species are described. Titanochrysa circumfusa (Burmeister, 1939) comb. nov. is recorded for the first time from Venezuela.
The larvae of Allogamus antennatus (McLachlan 1876), Allogamus mendax (McLachlan 1876) and Allogamus pertuli Malicky 1975 (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) with notes on ecology and zoogeography
Authors: WARINGER JOHANN , GRAF WOLFRAM , MALICKY HANS
Published: April 2019

The paper gives a description of the hitherto unknown or poorly known larvae of Allogamus antennatus (McLachlan 1876),Allogamus mendax (McLachlan 1876) and Allogamus pertuli Malicky 1975. Information on the morphology of the larvae isgiven and the most important diagnostic features are illustrated. In the context of already available keys, the larva of A. anten-natus keys together with Annitella obscurata (McLachlan 1876) and Annitella thuringica (Ulmer 1909). The species may beseparated by the presence of setal groups between posteromedian and lateral metanotal sclerites in A. antennatus and differ-ences in head width, central prosternite proportions and lateral fringe length. Allogamus mendax keys together with Allogamusuncatus (Brauer 1857); both species are very similar except in head width. Finally, A. pertuli keys with Melampophylaxmucoreus (Hagen 1861) and M. nepos (McLachlan 1880). Whereas a setal band anterior of the lateral protuberance on the firstabdominal segment is present in A. pertuli, such a feature is lacking in the two Melampophylax species. With respect to distri-bution, A. antennatus is restricted to the southern Alps and the Appennine peninsula, A. mendax to the western Alps and A. pertuli is endemic to the Pindos region in Greece. In addition, ecological characteristics are briefly discussed.
Larval morphology of Amphiops mater mater Sharp (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthriini)
Authors: MINOSHIMA YÛSUKE , HAYASHI MASAKAZU
Published: April 2019

The larval morphology of Amphiops mater mater Sharp, 1873 is described, including chaetotaxy and morphological trans-formation between instars. Among genera of the family Hydrophilidae, the larvae of Amphiops Erichson, 1843 may bedistinguished by the following combination of characters: coronal line present; clypeolabrum almost symmetrical; man-dibles symmetrical and with three inner teeth; dorsal surface of palpomere 1 completely sclerotized; mentum with stronglyprojecting and sharply pointed anterior corners; ligula absent; spiracular atrium well developed. Several primary sensillaare absent from all instars of A. mater mater, in contrast to the stable chaetotaxy in the majority of Hydrophilidae species studied in detail to date.
Trichomycterus argos (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), a new species from the Doce River Basin, Eastern Brazil
Authors: LEZAMA ANTÔNIO QUEIROZ , TRIQUES MAURO L. , SANTOS PATRÍCIA S.
Published: April 2019

Trichomycterus argos, new species, is described from the Rio Doce basin, situated in the Serra do Brigadeiro (part of theSerra da Mantiqueira) range, southeastern Brazil. The new species is diagnosed by the following characteristics: presenceof six branched rays in the pectoral fin; presence of pelvic fins; tip of nasal barbels extending to posterior border of oper-cular plate of odontodes; presence of a large foramen for ramus lateralis accessorius facialis, visible in dorsal view, in theparietosupraoccipital bone; transverse and straight border between the parietosupraoccipital and frontal bones; pectoral-fin ray prolonged as a filament; body covered with spots that seldom attain eye diameter; pelvic-fin origin placed one or two ocular diameters anterior to dorsal-fin origin; abscence of spots fused as elongated marks on dorsum or flank.
Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Papuan weevil genus Thyestetha Pascoe (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Cryptorhynchinae)
Authors: EBERLE JONAS , TÄNZLER RENE , RIEDEL ALEXANDER
Published: April 2019

Thyestetha Pascoe, an apterous genus of Papuan Cryptorhynchinae is revised. It contains two previously describedspecies, T. carbonaria Faust and T. nitida Pascoe, plus seven new species: T. discolor sp. n., T. emarginata sp. n.,T. glabra sp. n., T. lubrica sp. n., T. oblita sp. n., T. puncticollis sp. n., and T. splendens sp. n.. Lectotypes are designatedfor T. carbonaria, T. nitida, and Pantoxistus rubripennis Chevrolat which is a junior synonym of T. nitida (syn. n.). Thegenus and its species are described and the characters relevant for their identification are illustrated. A key to the speciesis provided. Phylogenetic analyses are performed, utilizing molecular and morphological approaches. A maximumlikelihood tree including 5 Thyestetha species and 2 outgroups is presented, based on 3 mitochondrial and 4 nuclearmarkers. A maximum parsimony analysis of 19 morphological characters includes all described species. Thyestetha ispresumably closely related to Telaugia Pascoe and Elichora Pascoe. The group is restricted to New Guinea and some smaller neighboring islands.
A brachypterous Bryophaenocladius (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) with hypopygium inversum from Heggie’s Rock, Georgia, U.S.A.
Authors: EPLER J. H.
Published: April 2019

The adult male and female, pupa and larva of a new species, Bryophaenocladius chrissichuckorum, are described fromHeggie’s Rock, Georgia, U.S.A. Males and females of the species are brachypterous; males have a hypopygium inversum.Pupae differ from other described Bryophaenocladius by the presence of three pairs of small setae on the prefrons. Larvaehave a mentum with 2 broad median teeth and AR of about 0.99, but are not realistically separable from many other Bryophaenocladius species. The immature stages inhabit shallow ephemeral pools.
Molecular taxonomic reassessment of the Cloud Forest’s Bolitoglossa salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from Cordillera de Mérida (Mérida state, Venezuela)
Authors: FERMIN GUSTAVO , GARCÍA-GUTIÉRREZ JAVIER , ESCALONA MOISÉS , MORA ANDRÉS , DÍAZ AMELIA
Published: April 2019

Salamanders found at different localities nearby Mérida city, Venezuela, are thus far reported as Bolitoglossa orestes or B.spongai. However, morphological ambiguities among individuals from several populations of both putative species, besidestheir reported disparate geographical distributions, prompted us to clarify the specific identity of these bolitoglossines throughthe sequence analysis of their corresponding 16S rRNA genes. Seventeen specimens belonging to the vertebrates collection ofUniversidad de Los Andes (CVULA), collected at separated cloud forests in Sierra La Culata (San Eusebio, Macho Capaz andSan Javier del Valle) and Sierra Nevada de Mérida (La Mucuy), were used to extract DNA upon tissue digestion. Sequenceanalysis of the 16S rRNA gene supports a biogeographical scenario where, so far, there is only one salamander species for eachsierra: B. orestes, which is widely distributed in Sierra La Culata, and a so far undescribed species of a Venezuelan bolitogloss-ine apparently restricted to Sierra Nevada de Mérida. Based on our molecular results and an examination of morphological evidence, B. spongai should be considered a synonym of B. orestes.
Nomenclatural notes on the East Asian form of the Mew Gull Larus canus Linnaeus, 1758 (Aves: Laridae)
Authors: MLÍKOVSKÝ JIŘÍ
Published: April 2019

The Mew Gulls of East Asia are currently recognized as a subspecies called Larus canus kamtschatschensis Bonaparte (1857: 224) (e.g. Vaurie 1965: 478; Burger & Gochfeld 1996: 603;  Ûdin & Firsova 2002: 200; Dickinson 2003: 146; Olsen & Larsson 2003: 74). I present below an annotated list of the synonyms applied to this gull form, chronologically arranged according to the date of their descriptions. I show that Bonaparte's (1857) kamtschatschensis is a nomen nudum and that Bruch's (1855) camtschatchensis is the correct name for the subspecies.
Taxonomic review of Syzeuxis Hampson, 1895, with a discussion of biogeographical aspects (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae)
Authors: LI JING , XUE DAYONG , HAN HONGXIANG , GALSWORTHY ANTHONY C.
Published: April 2019

The genus Syzeuxis Hampson, 1895 is reviewed. In addition to the 11 species known worldwide, two new species aredescribed: S. furcalineas sp. nov. from Assam, India and S. pavonata sp. nov. from Yunnan, China. One new synonymy isgiven: S. miniocalaria Xue, 1999 is sunk in S. heteromeces Prout, 1926. All the known species are redescribed and lectotypesare designated for S. magnidica Prout, S. subfasciaria (Wehrli) and S. nigrinotata (Warren). Generic characters based on allspecies are summarized. Illustrations of moths and genitalia are presented. The tribal placement of the genus is discussed, withthe conclusion that it should be placed in the tribe Trichopterygini. A pilot phylogenetic study based on morphological charac-ters of Syzeuxis indicates that four species-groups can be identified. The biogeographical aspects of the genus are also discussed.
Redescription of Ambrysus montandoni La Rivers, 1963 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Naucoridae), with the first records for Brazil
Authors: RODRIGUES HIGOR D. D. , DE MELO ALAN LANE , SITES ROBERT W.
Published: April 2019

The naucorid Ambrysus montandoni La Rivers is known from males collected from southern Venezuela. Presented here are aredescription of the male, original description of the female, illustrations of both sexes and genitalia, and the first records of the species from Brazil. Subgeneric associations in Ambrysus are discussed.
Notes on the spider genus Lathys Simon, 1884 (Araneae: Dictynidae), with description of four new species from China
Authors: ZHANG ZHI-SHENG , HU DONG-SHENG , ZHANG YAO-GUANG
Published: April 2019

Four Lathys species of the family Dictynidae have been previously recorded from China. Our study showed that they wereeither wrongly placed or misidentified. In this paper, four new Lathys species are described: L. borealis sp. nov. (male, female),L. spiralis sp. nov. (female) L. subalberta sp. nov. (male, female) and L. subhumilis sp. nov. (male, female). Photos of the North American species L. alberta Gertsch, 1946 are provided for comparison purposes.
Rediscovery of the Sri Lankan ‘house gecko’ Hemidactylus pieresii Kelaart (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) with a redescription of Hemidactylus depressus Gray
Authors: BATUWITA SUDESH , PETHIYAGODA ROHAN
Published: April 2019

Hemidactylus pieresii Kelaart, a species first described from Kandy, Sri Lanka, in 1852 but not recorded since, is redescribedfrom two recently-discovered populations, one at the type locality and another in the rainforests of the island’s south-westernlowlands. It is shown to be similar to H. depressus (in the synonymy of which it has been since 1935), from which it is distin-guished by the possession of 53–58 (vs. 35–41) paravertebral tubercles, 17–19 (vs. 13–16) longitudinal rows of middorsaltubercles, possessing relatively small (vs. large) and closely (vs. widely) spaced middorsal tubercles, 1–3 (vs. no) postcloacalspurs, chocolate-brown (vs. light brown) coloration in life, and nape with distinct black longitudinal stripes (vs. without blackstripes). Hemidactylus pieresii, a member of the H. brooki group, is distinguished from all species of Hemidactylus in Sri Lankaand peninsular India by the combination of the following additional characters: maximum snout-vent length 79.2 mm; ventralscales across midbody, 32–39; dorsal scales heterogeneous; ventral scales smooth, with 3 serrae; precloacal-femoral pores17–20 on each side, separated mesially by 1–3 poreless scales; subcaudals smooth, the median row enlarged; supralabials toangle of jaws, 11 or 12; subdigital lamellae on digit IV of pes, 10 or 11; general body colour chocolate-brown; nape with dis-tinct black longitudinal stripes. The identity of H. pieresii is stabilized through the designation of a neotype. Unlike most otherspecies of Hemidactylus, H. pieresii appears to be restricted to rainforests. Hemidactylus depressus is also redecribed from freshly collected material from Sri Lanka and its syntype BMNH RR1962.190 (65.6 mm SVL) is designated lectotype.
The Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) described by Sidney Irving Smith: checklist, dates of publication and bibliography, with a discussion on Xantho stimpsoni A. Milne-Edwards, 1879, and X. stimpsonii Smith, 1869
Authors: LOW MARTYN E. Y. , NG PETER K. L.
Published: April 2019

American carcinologist Sidney Irving Smith (1843–1926) established names of one family, seven genera and 50 species ofbrachyuran crustaceans in 11 publications between 1869 and 1885. The precise dates of these publications as determined fromvarious sources are given, with particular emphasis on the relative precedence of four that appeared in 1869. A complete list ofthe brachyuran names proposed by Smith, and their current identities, is also given. Xantho stimpsonii Smith, 1869, a previ-ously overlooked replacement name for Xantho denticulatus Stimpson, 1860 (non White, 1848), is an objective synonym ofWilliamstimpsonia stimpsoni (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873), and the precedence of the two names is reversed to maintain prevail-ing usage of the latter. The same action is also taken for Xantho multidentatus Lockington, 1877, a subjective synonym of Wil-liamstimpsonia stimpsoni (A. Milne-Edwards, 1879). The authorship of the following names previously attributed to attributedto Smith in a publication by Verrill (1869) should be attributed only to the latter author: Hepatella amica (Aethridae), Hypocon-cha panamensis (Dromiidae) and Pinnotheres margarita (Pinnotheridae). Authorship of the name Cardiosoma, an unjustifiedemendation of Cardisoma (Gecarcinidae), is conventionally attributed to Smith (1869) but it was actually first used by Agassiz (1846). Cardisoma is attributed to Latreille, in Latreille, Le Peletier, Serville & Guérin, 1828.
Costarica Mengual & Thompson, 2009 (Insecta: Diptera: Syrphidae) junior homonym of Costarica Kocak & Kemal, 2008 (Insecta: Orthoptera): proposed replacement by Tiquicia nom. nov.
Authors: THOMPSON F. CHRISTIAN
Published: April 2019

The name, Costarica Mengual and Thompson, 2009, was originally proposed for an endemic Costa Rican species, Allograpta zumbadoi Thompson, 2000 (Thompson et al. 2000). Unfortunately, this name was earlier used as a replacement name for Rowellia Carbonell, 2002, a grasshopper, by Kocak and Kemal (2008).
Review of the shrimp-associated goby genus Lotilia (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Gobiidae), with description of a new species from the West Pacific
Authors: SHIBUKAWA KOICHI , SUZUKI TOSHIYUKI , SENOU HIROSHI
Published: April 2019

The Indo-West Pacific gobiid fish genus Lotilia, symbiotically associated with alpheid shrimps, is reviewed. The genus com-prises two species, viz. L. graciliosa Klausewitz, 1960 and L. klausewitzi sp. nov., the latter of which is described herein basedon 11 specimens (including seven type specimens) from Japan, Australia and the Bismark Archipelago. Lotilia klausewitzi, pre-viously misidentified as L. graciliosa in the West Pacific, is readily distinguished from L. graciliosa by having the followingfeatures, in addition to some minor differences in the sensory-papillae configuration on the cheek: cephalic sensory canals andassociated pores present (vs. absent in L. graciliosa); 7+6=13 branched caudal-fin rays (vs. 7+7=14); pale area on dorsum fromsnout to dorsoanterior part of body relatively long, extending posteriorly to, or beyond, base of fifth spine of first dorsal fin (vs.extending posteriorly to around base of third or fourth spine); a faint, relatively small dark grayish brown spot at center of firstdorsal fin behind third or fourth spine, and its paler margin usually absent or obscure (vs. conspicuous ocellated black spot withvivid pale margin at center of first dorsal fin, extending anteriorly beyond third spine); and a submarginal row of black spots oncaudal fin (vs. absent). Geographic records based on the specimens examined and underwater photographs indicate that L. gra-ciliosa appears to be restricted to the Red Sea and its adjacent areas, whereas L. klausewitzi is widely found in the West Pacific. Lotilia is re-diagnosed, and L. graciliosa is re-described based on five specimens including the holotype.
A new species of Dendrocephalus (Crustacea, Anostraca) from Serra dos Carajás (Pará State, Brasil)
Authors: ROGERS D. CHRISTOPHER , GOMES JOÃO PEDRO CORRÊA , VIEIRA FABIO
Published: April 2019

Dendrocephalus carajaensis, a new species of fairy shrimp, is described from a single temporary pool in canga deposits on theSerra Sul plateau, Serra dos Carajás region in Brazilian Amazonian forest, Pará State, Brasil. D. carajaensis sp. nov. males arereadily separated from all other Dendrocephalus species except D. brasiliensis and D. spartaenovae by the absence of a spineon the posterioventral surface of the compound eye. This species is separated from D. brasiliensis and D. spartaenovae by theform of the proximal portion of the frontal appendage and the endopodites of the first three thoracopods. This species appears to be endemic to the Serra dos Carajás.
First record of the globally invasive crab, Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867), in Benin, with notes on its taxonomy (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae)
Authors: DESSOUASSI COMLAN EUGÈNE , LALÈYÈ PHILIPPE A. , D’ACOZ CÉDRIC d’UDEKEM
Published: April 2019

The Indo-Pacific portunid, Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867), is a crab species native to the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans and has previously colonized the Eastern Mediterranean and the Western Atlantic. It is now recorded in the Eastern Atlantic, on the coast of Benin, where a thriving population has established. This invasive and widely distributed species exhibits morphological variations within and between populations, which are discussed in detail. Its current distribution is presented, and its future expansion along the West African coast and future impact on coastal ecosystems and local fisheries are the object of tentative forecasts. Illustrations of sexually mature specimens from different sizes and regions are presented, and their allometric, individual and geographical variations are discussed. A new synonymy and a new account on the taxonomy and the biology of the species are presented. Illustrations of the lectotype and the paralectotype of C. hellerii are also provided for the first time. Charybdis spinifera (Miers, 1884), C. merguiensis (De Man, 1887) and C. vannamei Ward, 1941 are here treated as subjective junior synonyms of C. hellerii. The holotype of C. spinifera and two syntypes of C. merguiensis are illustrated.
Two new onyсhiurid species (Collembola, Onychiurinae) inhabiting morel fruit bodies in southwest China
Authors: LIU JIE , GAO MEIXIANG , XIE ZHIJING , SUN XIN
Published: April 2019

Two new species Oligaphorura shifangensis sp. nov. and Onychiurus qingchuanensis sp. nov. living on mushrooms (morels) were reported from southwest China. Oligaphorura shifangensis sp. nov. is similar to known species O. schoetti (Lie-Pettersen, 1896), O. groenlandicus (Tullberg, 1876) and O. sibirica (Weiner & Kaprus’, 2014) as having the same pso formulae (32/133/33343 dorsally and 11/000/00000 ventrally), five papillae in AIIIO, subcoxae 1 of legs I–III with 1 pso each, 11 chaetae in the distal whorl of tibiotarsi, ms present on Th. II and III terga and the presence of anal spines; but they can easily be separated by the labial palp type, ventral psx formula, ratio of unguiculus/unguis and the presence/absence of cuticular fold in furcal remnant. Onychiurus qingchuanensis sp. nov. shares the number of dorsal pso with only three congeners, namely O. bhattii, O. fraterculi and O. steinmanni. They can easily be distinguished by the number of ventral and subcoxal pso, ventral psx and papillae on AIIIO.
On some species of the genus Acrolocha Thomson, 1858 of the Western Palaearctic Region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae: Omaliini)
Authors: SHAVRIN ALEXEY V. , KHACHIKOV EDUARD A.
Published: April 2019

New taxonomic, morphological and faunistic data for three Western Palaearctic species of the genus Acrolocha Thomson, 1858 are provided. Acrolocha caucasica Tóth, 1976 is redescribed and illustrated. The lectotype for A. pliginskii Bernhauer, 1912 is designated. Acrolocha amabilis (Heer, 1841) is recorded from Central European part of Russia and Georgia for the first time.
Review of Advances in Precipitation Enhancement Research
Authors: Flossmann Andrea I. , Manton Michael , Abshaev Ali , Bruintjes Roelof , Murakami Masataka , Prabhakaran Thara , Yao Zhanyu
Published: April 2019

This paper provides a summary of the assessment report of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Expert Team on Weather Modification that discusses recent progress on precipitation enhancement research. The progress has been underpinned by advances in our understanding of cloud processes and interactions between clouds and their environment, which, in turn, have been enabled by substantial developments in technical capabilities to both observe and simulate clouds from the microphysical to the mesoscale. We focus on the two cloud types most commonly seeded in the past: winter orographic cloud systems and convective cloud systems. A key issue for cloud seeding is the extension from cloud-scale research to water catchment–scale impacts on precipitation on the ground. Consequently, the requirements for the design, implementation, and evaluation of a catchment-scale precipitation enhancement campaign are discussed. The paper concludes by indicating the most important gaps in our knowledge. Some recommendations regarding the most urgent research topics are given to stimulate further research.
Thermodynamic and Dynamic Responses to Deforestation in the Maritime Continent: A Modeling Study
Authors: Chen Chu-Chun , Lo Min-Hui , Im Eun-Soon , Yu Jin-Yi , Liang Yu-Chiao , Chen Wei-Ting , Tang Iping , Lan Chia-Wei , Wu Ren-Jie , Chien Rong-You
Published: April 2019

Tropical deforestation can result in substantial changes in local surface energy and water budgets, and thus in atmospheric stability. These effects may in turn yield changes in precipitation. The Maritime Continent (MC) has undergone severe deforestation during the past few decades but it has received less attention than the deforestation in the Amazon and Congo rain forests. In this study, numerical deforestation experiments are conducted with global (i.e., Community Earth System Model) and regional climate models (i.e., Regional Climate Model version 4.6) to investigate precipitation responses to MC deforestation. The results show that the deforestation in the MC region leads to increases in both surface temperature and local precipitation. Atmospheric moisture budget analysis reveals that the enhanced precipitation is associated more with the dynamic component than with the thermodynamic component of the vertical moisture advection term. Further analyses on the vertical profile of moist static energy indicate that the atmospheric instability over the deforested areas is increased as a result of anomalous moistening at approximately 800–850 hPa and anomalous warming extending from the surface to 750 hPa. This instability favors ascending air motions, which enhance low-level moisture convergence. Moreover, the vertical motion increases associated with the MC deforestation are comparable to those generated by La Niña events. These findings offer not only mechanisms to explain the local climatic responses to MC deforestation but also insights into the possible reasons for disagreements among climate models in simulating the precipitation responses.
Swell and Wind Wave Inversion Using a Single Very High Frequency (VHF) Radar
Authors: Alattabi Zaid R. , Cahl Douglas , Voulgaris George
Published: April 2019

A hybrid, empirical radar wave inversion technique that treats swell and wind waves separately is presented and evaluated using a single 48-MHz radar unit and in situ wave measurements. This hybrid approach greatly reduces errors in radar wave inversion during swell seas. Our analysis suggests that, prior to the inversion, the second-order spectrum should be normalized using Barrick’s weighting function because this process removes harmonic and corner reflection peaks from the inversion and improves the results. In addition, the resulting calibration constants for the wind wave component are not wave-frequency dependent and are similar in magnitude to those found in previous studies using different operating-frequency radars. This result suggests radar frequency independence, although additional experimental verification is required. The swell component of the model presented here ignores the effect of swell’s propagation direction on the radar signal. Although this approach has several limitations and may only be useful near the coast (where swell propagates close to perpendicular to the coastline), the resulting wave inversion is accurate even when swell is propagating close to perpendicular to the radar beam direction. RMS differences relative to in situ wave height measurements range from 0.16 to 0.25 m as the radar beam angle increases from 22° to 56°.
Diurnal Cycle of Surface Winds in the Maritime Continent Observed through Satellite Scatterometry
Authors: Short Ewan , Vincent Claire L. , Lane Todd P.
Published: April 2019

The diurnal cycle of surface winds throughout the Maritime Continent plays a significant role in the formation of precipitation over the islands of the region and over the surrounding seas. This study investigates the connection between the diurnal cycles of surface wind and offshore precipitation using data from four satellite scatterometer instruments and two satellite precipitation radar instruments. For the first time, data from three scatterometer instruments are combined to yield a more temporally complete picture of the surface wind diurnal cycles over the Maritime Continent’s surrounding seas. The results indicate that land–sea breezes typically propagate over 400 km offshore, produce mean wind perturbations of between 1 and 5 m s−1, and propagate as gravity waves at 25–30 m s−1. Diurnal precipitation cycles are affected through gravity wave propagation processes associated with the land–sea breezes, and through the convergence of land breezes from nearby islands. These observational results are then compared with previous mesoscale modeling results. It is shown that land–sea breezes occur too early, and are too intense in these modeling results, and this may partly explain why these modeling results also exhibit an early, overly intense diurnal precipitation cycle. This study also investigates variations in the diurnal cycle of surface winds at seasonal and intraseasonal time scales. Previous work has suggested that seasonal and intraseasonal variations in surface heating affect the land–sea breeze circulation and diurnal precipitation cycles; we argue that variations in background winds also play a defining role in modulating coastally influenced local winds.
Self-regulated learning as a predictor of mathematics and reading performance: A picture of students in Grades 5 to 8
Authors: Harding Susan-Marie , English Narelle , Nibali Nives , Griffin Patrick , Graham Lorraine , Alom Bm , Zhang Zhonghua
Published: April 2019

Students who can regulate their own learning are proposed to gain the most out of education, yet research into the impact of self-regulated learning skills on performance shows mixed results. This study supports the link between self-regulated learning and performance, while providing evidence of grade- or age-related differences. Australian students from Grades 5 to 8 completed mathematics or reading comprehension assessments and self-regulated learning questionnaires, with each response ranked on a hierarchy of quality. All assessments were psychometrically analysed and validated. In each cohort and overall, higher performing students reported higher levels of self-regulated learning. Still, age-related differences outweighed performance differences, resulting in significantly lower reported usage of self-regulated learning skills in Grade 7 students compared to those in Grades 5, 6 and 8. These findings suggest that either age or school organisational differences mediate students’ self-regulated learning, counteracting ability-related associations.
Out-Group Animus and Punitiveness in Latin America
Authors: Lehmann Peter S. , Chouhy Cecilia , Singer Alexa J. , Stevens Jessica N. , Gertz Marc
Published: April 2019

The social threat perspective anticipates that members of racial/ethnic out-groups might be perceived as socially, politically, or economically threatening; criminally inclined; and in need of social control via the criminal justice system. In light of this framework, the current study examines the influence of out-group animus on punitive sentiments in the rarely explored context of Latin America. Data from the 2012 AmericasBarometer survey collected in nine countries ( N = 15,145) are analyzed, and the findings indicate that animus against foreigners, Blacks, and the Indigenous is positively associated with support for punitive measures. These results lend support for the social threat perspective and provide further evidence that this relationship might be a cultural universal in societies characterized by racial/ethnic conflict.
Exploring the Combined Effects of Rater Misfit and Differential Rater Functioning in Performance Assessments
Authors: Wind Stefanie A. , Guo Wenjing
Published: April 2019

Rater effects, or raters’ tendencies to assign ratings to performances that are different from the ratings that the performances warranted, are well documented in rater-mediated assessments across a variety of disciplines. In many real-data studies of rater effects, researchers have reported that raters exhibit more than one effect, such as a combination of misfit and systematic biases related to student subgroups (i.e., differential rater functioning [DRF]). However, researchers who conduct simulation studies of rater effects usually focus on the effects in isolation. The purpose of this study was to explore the degree to which rater effect indicators are sensitive to rater effects when raters exhibit more than one type of effect, and to explore the degree to which this sensitivity changes under different data collection designs. We used a simulation study to explore combinations of DRF and rater misfit. Overall, our findings suggested that it is possible to use common numeric and graphical indicators of DRF and rater misfit when raters exhibit both these effects, but that these effects may be difficult to distinguish using only numeric indicators. We also observed that combinations of rater effects are easier to identify when complete rating designs are used. We discuss implications of our findings as they result to research and practice.
Detecting Examinees With Item Preknowledge in Large-Scale Testing Using Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)
Authors: Zopluoglu Cengiz
Published: April 2019

Researchers frequently use machine-learning methods in many fields. In the area of detecting fraud in testing, there have been relatively few studies that have used these methods to identify potential testing fraud. In this study, a technical review of a recently developed state-of-the-art algorithm, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), is provided and the utility of XGBoost in detecting examinees with potential item preknowledge is investigated using a real data set that includes examinees who engaged in fraudulent testing behavior, such as illegally obtaining live test content before the exam. Four different XGBoost models were trained using different sets of input features based on (a) only dichotomous item responses, (b) only nominal item responses, (c) both dichotomous item responses and response times, and (d) both nominal item responses and response times. The predictive performance of each model was evaluated using the area under the receiving operating characteristic curve and several classification measures such as the false-positive rate, true-positive rate, and precision. For comparison purposes, the results from two person-fit statistics on the same data set were also provided. The results indicated that XGBoost successfully classified the honest test takers and fraudulent test takers with item preknowledge. Particularly, the classification performance of XGBoost was reasonably good when the response time information and item responses were both taken into account.
A technique for in-situ detection of random failure in composite structures under cyclic loading
Authors: Naghashpour Ali , Van Hoa Suong
Published: April 2019

A technique to detect the random failure in composite structures is presented. The epoxy matrix material is made conductive by the incorporation of carbon nanotubes. The modified matrix is used to fabricate glass fiber/epoxy/carbon nanotubes composite panels. Conductive grid points made from silver-epoxy paste are attached on the surface of the composite panels, so that electrical resistances in the regions between the grid points can be measured. The increase in electrical resistance between grid points is used to determine the increase in deformation (and possibly cracks) at the region between the grid points. It is found that the location of maximum increase in electrical resistance jumps from point to point as the number of cycles during fatigue loading is increased. This shows the random nature of the development of damage in the composites. The technique can detect the occurrence of early failure, usually in the matrix materials. The result of this work brings out the random nature of the early failure in composites. This also sheds light into whether the concept of crack initiation in composites is valid, since the early cracks jump around. When the paths of the final cracks reach stability, there is rapid crack propagation leading to fast final failure.
How elite sport helps to foster and maintain a neoliberal culture: The ‘branding’ of Melbourne, Australia
Authors: John Alistair , McDonald Brent
Published: April 2019

This article explores the role that elite sport has played in the State Government of Victoria’s (Australia) neoliberal agenda of creating an environment conducive to commercial activity. Adopting an urban entrepreneurial approach of selling the ‘city’ as an attractive place for cross-border investment, the state government has strategically invested public funds into major sporting events in Melbourne. Four specific sporting events were examined: i) construction and redevelopments of ‘Melbourne Park’ to host the Australian Open Tennis Championships; ii) hosting the 2006 Commonwealth Games; iii) acquisition of the Australian Formula One Grand Prix and continued political, corporate and media support for the event; and iv) construction of an urban football stadium. Newspaper reports and parliament transcripts between 1984 and 2014 were collected to highlight issues of contest in the ‘sport city’ in conjunction with a thematic analysis of interviews with influential cultural producers of the ‘sport city’ – most notably state premiers, members of parliament, CEOs of public sports trusts and newspaper journalists. Findings illustrate that the Victorian state has successively re-regulated a neoliberal urban entrepreneurial strategy, often preventing dissident groups from resisting neoliberal activities, and that in Melbourne sport operates as ‘cultural glue’ to establish the logic of neoliberalism in an embodied sense.
Agent-Based Models for Assessing Complex Statistical Models: An Example Evaluating Selection and Social Influence Estimates from SIENA
Authors: Daza Sebastian , Kreuger L. Kurt
Published: April 2019

Although agent-based models (ABMs) have been increasingly accepted in social sciences as a valid tool to formalize theory, propose mechanisms able to recreate regularities, and guide empirical research, we are not aware of any research using ABMs to assess the robustness of our statistical methods. We argue that ABMs can be extremely helpful to assess models when the phenomena under study are complex. As an example, we create an ABM to evaluate the estimation of selection and influence effects by SIENA, a stochastic actor-oriented model proposed by Tom A. B. Snijders and colleagues. It is a prominent network analysis method that has gained popularity during the last 10 years and been applied to estimate selection and influence for a broad range of behaviors and traits such as substance use, delinquency, violence, health, and educational attainment. However, we know little about the conditions for which this method is reliable or the particular biases it might have. The results from our analysis show that selection and influence are estimated by SIENA asymmetrically and that, with very simple assumptions, we can generate data where selection estimates are highly sensitive to misspecification, suggesting caution when interpreting SIENA analyses.
Epsilon-multiobjective particle swarm optimization-based tuning of sensitivity functions for polynomial control design
Authors: Madiouni Riadh , Bouallègue Soufiene , Haggège Joseph , Siarry Patrick
Published: April 2019

In this paper, a novel systematic method for the polynomial controllers (denoted as RST controllers) design and tuning is proposed and successfully implemented based on an epsilon-multiobjective particle swarm optimization (ε-MOPSO) algorithm. The ε-domination concept is used to further improve both properties of the non-premature convergence towards Pareto-optimal sets and the diversity among the found solutions. The RST polynomials coefficients’ computation is formulated as a constrained multiobjective optimization problem under operational frequency-domain constraints. The proposed methodology aims to optimize a desired output sensitivity function satisfying nominal performance and H∞ robustness specifications of the closed-loop system. The use of a suitable fixed parts of the optimized output sensitivity function will provide partial poles placement of the closed-loop dynamics. The inverse of such an optimized desired sensitivity function defines the performance and robustness H∞ weighting filter. Such a proposed ε-MOPSO algorithm is firstly compared with several homologous MOPSO, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) and multiobjective differential evolution (MODE) algorithms for a benchmark of multiobjective test functions. The algorithms’ performances are evaluated in terms of several metrics in order to show the superiority and the effectiveness of the proposed method. An application to the axis position control of a flexible transmission system with varying loads is then performed. Demonstrative simulations are carried out to show the remarkable superiority and effectiveness of the proposed ε-MOPSO-tuned digital RST controllers compared with several well-known methods available in the literature.