bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Imidoyl Chlorides with Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Ottesen Lars K. , Ek Fredrik , Olsson Roger
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Air‐Stable Catalysts for General and Efficient Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Heteroaryl Chlorides.
Authors: Guram Anil S. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Silicasulfuric Acid/NaNO3 as a New Reagent for the Deprotection of S,S‐Acetals under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Zarei Amin , Khazdooz Leila , Ruoho Arnold E.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Asymmetric Allylation of Aldehydes Using Chiral (Salen)chromium(III) Complexes.
Authors: Kwiatkowski Piotr , Chaladaj Wojciech , Jurczak Janusz
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
In situ Generation and Nucleophilic Capture of 1,n‐Dial Equivalents from 1,n‐Dioates (α,ω‐Diesters).
Authors: Hoye Thomas R. , Kopel Lucas C. , Ryba Troy D.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
All‐Carbon Quaternary Centers via Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrovinylation. New Approaches to the Exocyclic Side Chain Stereochemistry Problem.
Authors: Zhang Aibin , RajanBabu T. V.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Efficient Synthesis and Solid‐State Characterization of 1,2,4,5‐Tetrakis(alkyl‐ and arylamino)benzenes and Cyclization to Their Respective Benzobis(imidazolium) Salts.
Authors: Khramov Dimitri M. , Boydston Andrew J. , Bielawski Christopher W.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unusual Sulfanylation Through Ring Transformation of Arene‐Tethered 2H‐Pyran‐2‐ones by in situ Built Michael Adduct.
Authors: Sil Diptesh , Pratap Ramendra , Kumar Rishi , Maulik P. R. , Ram Vishnu Ji
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Efficient Diastereoselective Synthesis of dl‐Hydrobenzoins by Reductive Dimerization of Aldehydes with the System Fe(CO)5—HMPA.
Authors: Vasil'eva T. T. , Chakhovskaya O. V. , Terent'ev A. B. , Kochetkov K. A.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tetrasubstituted Olefin Synthesis via Pd‐Catalyzed Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Internal Alkynes Using O2 as an Oxidant.
Authors: Zhou Chengxiang , Larock Richard C.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation, Crystallographic Characterization, and Theoretical Study of C70(CF3)14.
Authors: Goryunkov Alexey A. , Ignat'eva Daria V. , Tamm Nadezhda B. , Moiseeva Natalia N. , Ioffe Ilya N. , Avdoshenko Stanislav M. , Markov Vitaly Yu. , Sidorov Lev N. , Kemnitz Erhard , Troyanov Sergey I.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Ring‐Opening of N‐tert‐Butanesulfinylaziridines: Access to Acetylenic α‐Amino Alcohols.
Authors: Palais Laetitia , Chemla Fabrice , Fereira Franck
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
C‐3 β‐Lactam Carbocation Equivalents: Versatile Synthons for C‐3 Substituted β‐Lactams.
Authors: Bhalla Aman , Madan Sachin , Venugopalan Paloth , Bari Shamsher S.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Serendipitous Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran Derivatives Starting from Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Lee Ka Young , Seo Joobeom , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Transformations of 1,4‐Diethynyl‐2‐nitrobenzene.
Authors: Tarshits D. L. , Tarasov S. Yu. , Buyanov V. N.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of New Spirobenzopyrans with Two Long‐Chain Substituents.
Authors: Zaichenko N. L. , Kol'tsova L. S. , Shiyonok A. I. , Venidiktova O. V. , Barachevsky V. A. , Marevtsev V. S.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reductive Coupling of Polyfunctionalized Organobismuth and Organolead Arylating Reagents in the Synthesis of Benzopyran Derivatives.
Authors: Fedorov A. Yu. , Finet J.‐P. , Ganina O. G. , Naumov M. I. , Shavyrin A. S.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reactions of 3‐Allyl‐4‐oxothieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐2‐yl Disulfides with Iodine
Authors: Nesterenko A. M. , Vas'kevich R. I. , Zborovskii Yu. L. , Staninets V. I.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Quinone Imines and Aminophenols as Precursors of New Heterocycles.
Authors: Abakumov G. A. , Druzhkov N. O. , Kurskii Yu. A. , Abakumova L. G. , Shavyrin A. S. , Fukin G. K. , Poddel'skii A. I. , Cherkasov V. K. , Okhlopkova L. S.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of Alkylsulfanylchloroacetylenes with1,1‐Dimethylhydrazine.
Authors: Voronkov M. G. , Lebedeva I. P. , Petrova A. A. , Rakhlin V. I. , D'yachkova S. G.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 4,4′‐Disubstituted Azepines via Ring‐Closing Metathesis Reaction and Asymmetric Arylation of Lactones.
Authors: Delhaye Laurent , Merschaert Alain , Diker Khalid , Houpis Ioannis N.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Mediated Intramolecular Aryl Amination on Furanose Derivatives: An Expedient Approach to the Synthesis of Chiral Benzoxazocine Derivatives and Tricyclic Nucleosides.
Authors: Neogi Arpita , Majhi Tirtha Pada , Mukhopadhyay Ranjan , Chattopadhyay Partha
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of β‐Aminophosphonates and Study of Their Acid—Base Properties and Phase Distribution in Water—Organic Solvent Systems.
Authors: Cherkasov R. A. , Galkin V. I. , Khusainova N. G. , Mostovaya O. A. , Garifzyanov A. R. , Nuriazdanova G. Kh. , Krasnova N. S. , Berdnikov E. A.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 1,2‐Azaphospholanes Containing an Amino Acid Fragment
Authors: Bykhovskaya O. V. , Aladzheva I. M. , Lobanov D. I. , Petrovskii P. V. , Lyssenko K. A. , Fedyanin I. V. , Mastryukova T. A.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Michael Additions of a Chiral Phosphite to Nitroalkenes and Knoevenagel Acceptors.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Tedeschi Livio , Foerster Dominik
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Indole Diterpenoid Synthetic Studies. Construction of the Heptacyclic Core of (‐)‐Nodulisporic Acid D (I).
Authors: Smith Amos B. III , Davulcu Akin H. , Kuerti Laszlo
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Simultaneous Protection and Activation of Amino Acids Using Propargyl Pentafluorophenyl Carbonate.
Authors: Ramesh Ramapanicker , Rajasekaran Sakthidevi , Gupta Rohit , Chandrasekaran Srinivasan
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bifunctional Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates. Part 1. Symmetrical 1,3‐Bis[(phosphonomethoxy)propan‐2‐yl] Derivatives of Purines and Pyrimidines.
Authors: Vrbovska Silvie , Holy Antonin , Pohl Radek , Masojidkova Milena
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation of C‐5 Substituted Cidofovir Derivatives.
Authors: Krecmerova Marcela , Masojidkova Milena , Holy Antonin
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Converting Ceria Polyhedral Nanoparticles into Single‐Crystal Nanospheres.
Authors: Feng Xiangdong , et al. et al.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Series of 5‐Aminosubstituted 4‐Fluorobenzyl‐8‐hydroxy‐[1,6]naphthyridine‐7‐carboxamide HIV‐1 Integrase Inhibitors.
Authors: Guare James P. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Gatifloxacin Derivatives: Synthesis, Antimycobacterial Activities, and Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA Gyrase.
Authors: Sriram Dharmarajan , Aubry Alexandra , Yogeeswari Perumal , Fisher L. M.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pioneer Works in Development of in situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy for Electrochemical Surface Science
Authors: Itaya Kingo
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed C—C Bond Formation Reactions Using Alkyl Halides
Authors: Terao Jun , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Amidines (Imidamides) N‐Substituted by Metals, Halogens, Oxygen, and Other Heteroatoms
Authors: Ostrowska K. , Kolasa A.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Advances in the Direct Iodination of Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Hanson James R.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Chemical Transformations of 2,3‐Dihydropyrrole‐2,3‐diones Anellated on the [a] Side by Azaheterocycles
Authors: Mashevskaya I. V. , Maslivets A. N.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
From Superphanes to Beltenes
Authors: Gleiter Rolf , Hellbach Bjoern , Gath Silke , Schaller Rolf J.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemistry of P—F Ylides
Authors: Kolodyazhnyi O. I.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
NBI 30775 (R121919): An Orally Active Antagonist of the Corticotropin‐Releasing Factor (CRF) Type‐1 Receptor for Treatment of Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Chen Chen , Grigoriadis Dimitri E.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Six‐Membered Ring Spirans: Carbocycles and Heterocycles with Oxygen
Authors: Cismas C. , Terec A. , Mager S. , Grosu I.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Triselenoortho Esters and Halogenated Derivatives
Authors: Lebel H. , Grenon M.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Fluorescence Spectroscopy Study of Preferential Solvation in Binary Solvents
Authors: Petrov N. Kh.
Published: August 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Distress and post‐traumatic stress disorders in high risk professionals: adult attachment style and the dimensions of anxiety and avoidance
Authors: Declercq Frédéric , Willemsen Jochem
Published: August 2006

This study examines the relationship between adult attachment and psychological distress in a population of 544 people working for a security company and for the Belgian Red Cross. The results indicate that fearful–avoidant and preoccupied attached individuals report more stress than secure attached and insecure attached individuals of the dismissive type. Next, the same attachment styles appear to differentiate between individuals who do and individuals who do not develop a post‐traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) after being confronted with a critical incident. Breaking the attachment styles into the two underlying dimensions of attachment anxiety and avoidance, our results suggest that anxiety is more of an issue than avoidance in psychological distress and the occurrence of PTSD. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Separation of doxorubicin and doxorubicinol by cyclodextrin‐modified micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography
Authors: Eder Angela R. , Chen Jennifer S. , Arriaga Edgar A.
Published: August 2006

Doxorubicinol (DOXol) is a human metabolite of the chemotherapy agent doxorubicin (DOX), and is associated with dose‐dependent cardiotoxicity and decreased drug efficacy. Due to the structural similarities and equal molecular charges of DOXol and DOX, their electrophoretic separation is commonly ineffective. A method for separating and detecting DOX and DOXol, as well as two DOXol enantiomers, was established using cyclodextrin‐modified micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with laser‐induced fluorescence detection. Differential DOXol production was detected in a DOX‐sensitive and resistant pair of cell lines, with a 0.08 ± 0.01 fmol limit of detection.
Characterization of UV‐transparent capillaries for CEC and CE
Authors: Bandilla Dirk , Cabral Jean‐Louis , Skinner Cameron D.
Published: August 2006

This short communication describes features of UV‐transparent capillaries employed for CEC and CE. A waveguide effect was observed when using UV‐transparent capillaries. Through imaging with SEM, the UV‐transparent coating was found to be highly porous unlike polyimide coating, which did not exhibit any porosity at all. Prolonged exposure to several commonly employed solvents with elevated pH caused abrasion of the coating at the capillary tip but no swelling of the UV‐transparent coating was observed. Lastly, four different cutting techniques were compared to obtain smooth capillary tips.
Biodegradable Polyesters Based on cis‐1,4‐Butenediol
Authors: Chatti Saber , Behnken Gesa , Langanke Dennis , Kricheldorf Hans R.
Published: August 2006

Summary: Homopolyesters based on cis‐1,4‐butenediol (cBeD) and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (ADAs) were prepared by three different methods. First, cBeD was polycondensed with the dimethyl esters of ADAs in bulk. Regardless of the catalyst, only low‐molar‐mass polyesters were obtained. Second, polycondensations of cBeD with ADA dichlorides catalyzed by pyridine yielded polyesters with $\overline M _{\rm n}$ in the range of 8 000–13 500 Da. $\overline M _{\rm n}$ around 20 000 Da were achieved when the ADA dichlorides were polycondensed with DSDEN. These ring‐opening polycondensations were optimized by a broad variation of the reaction conditions. Under optimized conditions a high molar fraction of cyclic polyesters was formed. All polyesters proved to be crystalline with melting temperatures (Tm) in the range of 55–120 °C.

Polycondensations of cBeD.

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Polycondensations of cBeD.
Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles in Hydrogel Networks
Authors: Mohan Y. Murali , Premkumar Thathan , Lee Kyungjae , Geckeler Kurt E.
Published: August 2006

Summary: This paper describes a simple and facile approach to fabricate well dispersed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in poly[N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐(sodium acrylate)] hydrogels. The silver nanoparticles formed are spherical in shape with a narrow size distribution in the hydrogel networks in which the nanoparticles are stabilized by the polymer network. Uniformly dispersed silver nanoparticles were obtained with poly[N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐[sodium acrylate)] hydrogels, whereas a poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)/poly(sodium acrylate) IPN gel showed aggregated nanoparticles. It is demonstrated that the hydrogel network structure determines the size and shape of the nanoparticles. These particles are more stable in the gel networks compared to other reduction methods. The hydrogel/silver nanohybrids were well characterized by XRD, UV‐vis spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.

Schematic representation of the preparation of Ag nanoparticles in hydrogel networks.

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Schematic representation of the preparation of Ag nanoparticles in hydrogel networks.
Surprising Effects on the Conformational Entropy due to Nonrandom Distributions of Local Conformations Along Unperturbed Chains
Authors: Mattice Wayne L. , Waheed Numan , Erguney Fatih
Published: August 2006

Summary:Nonrandomness in the distribution of rotational isomeric states along a flexible unperturbed chain reduces its conformational entropy. Pairwise interdependence of the bonds is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for a significant reduction. The reduction in conformational entropy from this source can be as severe as a factor of three. It is generally more severe for isotactic chains than for the syndiotactic chains constructed from the same monomer. Surprising effects are sometimes seen, such as the nearly identical reductions in conformational entropy for polydimethylsiloxane, a very flexible chain, and for poly(methyl methacrylate), a much stiffer chain.

Fractional difference in conformational entropy due to nonrandomness versus probability of helix in helix‐coil transition.

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Fractional difference in conformational entropy due to nonrandomness versus probability of helix in helix‐coil transition.
Smoking and cancer‐related gene expression in bronchial epithelium and non‐small‐cell lung cancers
Authors: Woenckhaus M , Klein‐Hitpass L , Grepmeier U , Merk J , Pfeifer M , Wild PJ , Bettstetter M , Wuensch P , Blaszyk H , Hartmann A , Hofstaedter F , Dietmaier W
Published: August 2006

Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer worldwide. Gene expression in surgically resected and microdissected samples of non‐small‐cell lung cancers (18 squamous cell carcinomas and nine adenocarcinomas), matched normal bronchial epithelium, and peripheral lung tissue from both smokers (n = 22) and non‐smokers (n = 5) was studied using the Affymetrix U133A array. A subset of 15 differentially regulated genes was validated by real‐time PCR or immunohistochemistry. Hierarchical cluster analysis clearly distinguished between benign and malignant tissue and between squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. The bronchial epithelium and adenocarcinomas could be divided into the two subgroups of smokers and non‐smokers. By comparison of the gene expression profiles in the bronchial epithelium of non‐smokers, smokers, and matched cancer tissues, it was possible to identify a signature of 23 differentially expressed genes, which might reflect early cigarette smoke‐induced and cancer‐relevant molecular lesions in the central bronchial epithelium of smokers. Ten of these genes are involved in xenobiotic metabolism and redox stress (eg AKR1B10, AKR1C1, and MT1K). One gene is a tumour suppressor gene (HLF); two genes act as oncogenes (FGFR3 and LMO3); two genes are involved in matrix degradation (MMP12 and PTHLH); three genes are related to cell differentiation (SPRR1B, RTN1, and MUC7); and five genes have not been well characterized to date. By comparison of the tobacco‐exposed peripheral alveolar lung tissue of smokers with non‐smokers and with adenocarcinomas from smokers, it was possible to identify a signature of 27 other differentially expressed genes. These genes are involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics (eg GPX2 and FMO3) and may represent cigarette smoke‐induced, cancer‐related molecular targets that may be utilized to identify smokers with increased risk for lung cancer. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of social cognitive processing theory and optimism in positive psychosocial and physical behavior change after cancer diagnosis and treatment
Authors: K. Harper Felicity W. , Schmidt John E. , Beacham Abbie O. , Salsman John M. , Averill Alyssa J. , Graves Kristi D. , Andrykowski Michael A.
Published: August 2006

The physical and psychosocial ‘health’ behaviors of cancer patients have become a more pressing issue as 5‐year survival rates continue to rise. This study investigated: (a) the extent of positive change in four psychosocial behaviors and two physical health behaviors, (b) the role of psychosocial predictors (drawn from theories of Social Cognitive Processing and optimism) in positive behavior change after cancer diagnosis and treatment, and (c) the possible influence of social desirability in reports of positive psychosocial and physical behavior change. The behavior showing the greatest positive change was time spent reflecting on life priorities; the behavior that was least likely to change after diagnosis and treatment was exercise. Optimism, social support, and cancer‐related intrusions were positively associated with increases in physical health behaviors. Only optimism was positively associated with increases in psychosocial behaviors. Reports of positive change in physical and psychosocial behaviors were only modestly correlated. Social desirability was unrelated to reports of positive behavior change. Results are interpreted in light of theories of adaptation to cancer diagnosis and treatment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Framing the onset of lung cancer biographically: narratives of continuity and disruption
Authors: Leveälahti Helena , Tishelman Carol , Öhlén Joakim
Published: August 2006

Most patients are diagnosed with advanced lung cancer despite the presence of many and intense symptoms at diagnosis. This qualitative study aims to explore how people with inoperable lung cancer frame and conceptualize the onset of their sickness, to obtain knowledge which might facilitate earlier health care contact for people with potential lung cancer. Patients with inoperable lung cancer were recruited through a larger longitudinal study of 400 patients recruited consecutively from two university hospitals. The narrative analysis presented here is based on 91 narrative segments derived from audio‐taped and transcribed qualitative interviews with 37 patients who survived the first year post diagnosis, complemented with data from previous interviews with the same people. Findings indicate a wide array of bodily experiences leading to diagnosis, including symptoms seen as related to other disorders, systemic complaints not conceptualized as symptoms or indications of a serious problem, and more rarely, symptoms triggering immediate action. In addition to the ‘biographical disruption’ often associated with chronic illness, this analysis indicates an alternative or parallel process involving ‘biographical continuity’, allowing for integration of past and present aspects of patients' lives. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feshbach shape resonance for high Tc superconductivity in superlattices of nanotubes
Authors: Bianconi Antonio
Published: August 2006

The case of a Feshbach shape resonance in the pairing mechanism for high T c superconductivity in a crystalline lattice of doped metallic nanotubes is described. The superlattice of doped metallic nanotubes provides a superconductor with a strongly asymmetric gap. The disparity and different spatial locations of the wave functions of electrons in different subbands at the Fermi level should suppress the single electron impurity interband scattering giving multiband superconductivity in the clean limit. The Feshbach resonances will arise from the component single‐particle wave functions out of which the electron pair wave function is constructed: pairs of wave functions which are time inverse of each other. The Feshbach shape resonance increases the critical temperature by tuning the chemical potential at the Lifshitz electronic topological transition (ETT) where the Fermi surface of one of the bands changes from the one dimensional (1D) to the two dimensional (2D) topology (1D/2D ETT). (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wetting and layering transitions in magnetic films
Authors: Ez‐Zahraouy H. , Benyoussef A. , Bahmad L.
Published: August 2006

The understanding of the surface effect on wetting and layering transitions was explained both theoretically and experimentally. Indeed, using different spin system models and different numerical and approximate methods such as mean field and effective field theories, real space renormalization technique and Monte‐Carlo simulations, it is found that the wetting and layering transitions depend on the nature of the surface magnetic field, the surface coupling strength, the surface crystal field, the geometry of surface, the in‐homogeneity of substrate and the quantum fluctuations at the surface. It is also found that the layering transition temperature increases or decreases as a function of the film thickness depending on the surface coupling values. The wetting transition temperature can be greater or smaller than the layering temperature. In the case of a variable surface crystal field, an order‐disorder layering reentrance is found with new critical exponents behaviour. The wetting phenomena are also influenced by the nature of the surface. In fact the intra‐layer transitions appear under the effect of an edge on the surface and/or corrugated surfaces. However, the intra‐layering transitions are found for a surface temperature above, which the surface and the intra‐layer surface occur. While the bulk layering and intra‐layering transitions appear above another finite temperature which is greater than the former one. Such result is not found in the case of a perfect surface. Beside this, and under the corrugation effect, the pre‐wetting phenomena and layering transitions occur at zero temperature, even in the case of a uniform magnetic field. In this case the wetting temperature depends strongly on the width of the corrugated‐steps but weakly on its number. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A simplified protein precipitation/mixed‐mode cation‐exchange solid‐phase extraction, followed by high‐speed liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, for the determination of a basic drug in human plasma
Authors: Xue Y.‐J. , Akinsanya J. Billy , Liu Jane , Unger Steve E.
Published: August 2006

A simplified protein precipitation/mixed‐mode cation‐exchange solid‐phase extraction (PPT/SPE) procedure has been investigated. A mixture of acetonitrile and methanol along with formic acid was used to precipitate plasma proteins prior to selectively extracting the basic drug. After vortexing and centrifugation, the supernatants were directly loaded onto an unconditioned Oasis® MCX µElution 96‐well extraction plate, where the protonated drug was retained on the negatively charged sorbent while interfering neutral lipids, steroids or other endogenous materials were washed away. Normal wash steps were deemed unnecessary and not used before sample elution. The sample extracts were analyzed under both conventional and high‐speed liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) conditions to examine the feasibility of the PPT/SPE procedure for human plasma sample clean‐up. For the conventional LC/MS/MS method, chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18, 2.1 × 50 mm column with gradient elution (k′ = 5.5). The mobile phase contained 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. For the high‐speed LC/MS/MS method, chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18, 2.1 × 10 mm guard column with gradient elution (k′ = 2.2, Rt = 0.26 min). The mobile phase contained 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.001% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile. Detection for both conventional and high‐speed LC/MS/MS methods was by positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry on a ThermoElectron Finnigan TSQ Quantum Ultra, where enhanced resolution (RP 2000; 0.2 amu) was used for high‐speed LC/MS/MS. The standard curve, ranging from 0.5 to 100 ng/mL, was fitted to a 1/x weighted quadratic regression model.

This combined PPT/SPE procedure effectively eliminated time‐consuming sorbent conditioning and wash steps, which are essential for a conventional mixed‐mode SPE procedure, but retained the advantages of both PPT (removal of plasma proteins) and mixed‐mode SPE (analyte selectivity). The validation results demonstrated that this PPT/SPE procedure was well suited for both conventional and high‐speed LC/MS/MS analyses. In comparison with a conventional mixed‐mode SPE procedure, the simplified PPT/SPE process provided comparable sample extract purity. This simple sample clean‐up procedure can be applied to other basic compounds with minor modifications of PPT solvents. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prospective evidence for a reciprocal relationship between sense of control and depressive symptoms following a flood
Authors: Stimpson Jim P.
Published: August 2006

The purpose of this research is to test a feedback loop between sense of control and depressive symptoms within the context of a flood. Prospective cohort data were gathered from 1735 individuals that assessed the respondent's state prior to experiencing a flood. Path analysis is used to test for a reciprocal association between change in sense of control and change in depressive symptoms. The flood was indirectly associated with sense of control through depressive symptoms. Sense of control was negatively associated with change in depressive symptoms, and depressive symptoms were negatively associated with change in sense of control. Experiencing a flood is associated with more depressive symptoms, which in turn may undermine the sense of control over one's life. Likewise, lower sense of control associated with a flood is related to higher depressive symptoms. A reciprocal model not only implies that sense of control and depressive symptoms may mutually affect one another, but also that stressors may indirectly affect sense of control through depressive symptoms, which could lead individuals to be more vulnerable to future stress. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Associations between physical activity and perceived stress/hassles in college students
Authors: Nguyen‐Michel Selena T. , Unger Jennifer B. , Hamilton Jeff , Spruijt‐Metz Donna
Published: August 2006

Physical activity is often recommended as a strategy for managing stress. Although associations among physical activity, stress, and hassles have been documented among adults and children, they have not been studied extensively in college populations. This cross‐sectional study employed an ethnically diverse sample of 814 male and female students from three types of colleges in southern California to examine the relationship between physical activity and two indices of stress. Anonymous paper‐and‐pencil questionnaires were used to assess a number of psychosocial and behavioral constructs, including perceived stress, hassles, and leisure time physical activity. Significant gender, ethnic and college differences were found in levels of physical activity, perceived stress, and hassles. Hierarchical linear models showed a significant negative relationship between physical activity and hassles. Considering the deleterious effects of stress and sedentary behavior on health, these results have implications for lifetime physical and mental health. Thus, health promotion programs for college students may benefit from incorporation of physical activity strategies to reduce stress. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystallization of orbicular rocks exemplified by the Slättemossa occurrence, southeastern Sweden
Authors: LINDH ANDERS , NÄSSTRÖM HELENA
Published: August 2006

The orbicular rock at Slättemossa, southeastern Sweden, has a quartz monzodioritic composition. The cores of the orbicules crystallized directly from the orbicule-forming magma; cores made up of xenoliths have not been observed. Outside the core follow first an inner mafic, a felsic and then an outer mafic shell. The orbicules occur in a matrix, which is similar to the core. They grew simultaneously and show an almost perfect parallelism in evolution. After initial ‘normal’ crystall-ization of the magma, superheating probably triggered by a sudden addition of volatiles destroyed earlier formed nuclei and also affected the already crystallized part of the rock. Cooling caused heterogeneous nucleation and rapid crystallization, which formed the inner mafic shell. This is enriched in mafic minerals, especially biotite, compared to the core. At the same time the grain size becomes significantly smaller. Depletion in mafic components, possibly intensified by a sudden change in physical conditions, destabilized biotite and amphibole crystallization, causing oversaturation in plagioclase components, forming a felsic shell having a sharp boundary with the mafic shell. Plagioclase is extremely altered. Mafic minerals were then stabilized, probably due to depletion of plagioclase components, and an outer mafic shell formed. With the return to homogeneous nucleation, matrix formation concluded the crystallization. Orbicules might have moved in the magma causing some squeezing of magma surrounding the orbicules, but major movements involved the settling of the whole package of orbicules and matrix in the surrounding non-orbicular magma.
Early Cambrian priapulid worms buried with their lined burrows
Authors: ZHANG XI-GUANG , HOU XIAN-GUANG , BERGSTRÖM JAN
Published: August 2006

Five specimens of the priapulid Maotianshania cylindrica preserved inside their lined burrows were described from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang deposits near Kunming, southern China. The exceptional preservation suggests that this worm made a dwelling tube by lining within the uppermost sediment layers. This seems to be unique among priapulids in comparison with the Cambrian Selkirkia and Paraselkirkia, as well as some modern priapulid larvae and loriciferans. Taphonomic evidence indicates that the burrow-and-worm specimens are not buried in situ but were moved by storm, tsunami, or turbidity generated currents that are thought to have brought sedimentary material intermittently.
An evaluation of differential susceptibility of barley varieties to lodging under varying environmental conditions
Authors: HURME T. , ÖFVERSTEN J. , JAUHIAINEN L.
Published: August 2006

Information on the variation in susceptibility to lodging between barley varieties under different environments can be used for local prediction. It can also be used to identify varieties that are robust to environmental variation. Efficient methods to obtain analogous information on the local yielding capacity of crop varieties have recently been established. The present paper extends the use of these methods for the analysis of dichotomously measured performance characteristics, the susceptibility to lodging, in particular. The procedures examined were based on generalized linear models in which the expected conditional mean of the susceptibility to lodging was used as an explanatory variable to express the environmental effects of a given environment. Through the use of logistic transformation the approach extends previous methods developed for continuous response variables to binary response variables. Models were subsequently used to obtain measures of susceptibility to lodging of each barley variety in terms of environmental variation. While the emphasis is restricted to lodging, similar methods can also be applied to other performance characteristics.
Stability regimes of a dilatant, fluid‐infiltrated fault plane in a three‐dimensional elastic solid
Authors: Hillers G. , Miller S. A.
Published: August 2006

We investigate in a systematic parameter space study dilatant effects on slip evolution of a fluid‐infiltrated fault in the continuum limit. The fault is governed by rate‐ and state‐dependent friction and an empirical law for porosity evolution. We focus on the response of systems as a function of fluid‐related parameters, such as the degree of overpressurization, dilatancy and diffusivity. This study emphasizes the exploration of the parameter space for homogeneous along‐strike properties to investigate the evolution of spatiotemporal slip depending on hydromechanical processes. Three types of responses emerge. First, system‐wide unstable stick‐slip develops for drained conditions, and for undrained conditions if mechanisms leading to an increase in pore space are less effective. The critical stiffness depends on hydraulic diffusivity and dilatancy, which is shown to correspond with interevent times of simulated stick‐slip events. During instabilities the evolution of hydraulic variables differ significantly between drained and undrained conditions. Second, stable creep is a result of dilatant processes. Third, systems situated in transitional stability regimes develop nonuniform slip pattern in space and time, revealing a possible explanation for rupture termination and observed stable afterslip. Although these patterns are produced by models located in transition zones of the parameter space, the occurrence of heterogeneous slip evolution is persistent for an extensive range of parameter values. Since transition zones contain an broad range of plausible conditions in the crust, they do not represent extreme cases.
Water weakening of clinopyroxene in the dislocation creep regime
Authors: Chen S. , Hiraga T. , Kohlstedt D. L.
Published: August 2006

We performed a series of triaxial compressive creep experiments at two different water fugacities to investigate the effect of water on the creep strength of a natural clinopyroxenite. Samples were deformed under water‐saturated conditions at temperatures between 1373 and 1473 K, confining pressures of 150 and 300 MPa, and differential stresses from 34 to 261 MPa. Strain rates were in the range 10−7 to 10−5 s−1. Water fugacity was controlled at either 140 or 280 MPa. The creep results yield a stress exponent of 2.7 ± 0.3 and an activation energy of 670 ± 40 kJ/mol. Compared to dry clinopyroxene, wet samples creep over 100 times faster at a given temperature, confining pressure, water fugacity, and differential stress. The creep rate of clinopyroxene is proportional to the water fugacity to the 3.0 ± 0.6 power, with an activation volume of 0 m3/mol. One possible water‐weakening mechanism is an enhancement of the rate of dislocation climb associated with increases in the concentration of jogs and the diffusivity of silicon ions. Compared to other major minerals in Earth's lower crust, specifically olivine and plagioclase, the water‐weakening effect is most significant for clinopyroxene. Under hydrous conditions the strengths of clinopyroxene and anorthite are comparable over the investigated stress range, and both phases are weaker than olivine. Since the mineral assemblages in Earth's lower continental crust are often dominated by plagioclase and pyroxene, in places where a wet flow law applies, the mechanical behavior of clinopyroxene will have a substantial effect on creep strength.
Variability of clouds and water vapor in low latitudes: View from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
Authors: Mote Philip W. , Frey Richard
Published: August 2006

This paper shows a small sampling of the atmospheric fields provided by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), which is installed on both the Terra and Aqua satellites of the Earth Observing System. These fields include macroscale fields like cloud fraction, cloud top pressure, cloud optical depth, and column water vapor, and microscale fields like cloud particle effective radius. Most of the atmospheric fields resemble, in spatial pattern and temporal evolution, the cloud top temperature field; several, however, including effective radius and clear‐sky water vapor, have markedly different spatial patterns and temporal evolution, suggesting that large‐scale controls on tropical water vapor are more complicated than a simple connection with large‐scale convergence and convection would suggest. As with several previous studies, the cloud top temperature or pressure has a bimodal distribution with peaks in both the lower and upper troposphere. Our analysis also reveals a dependence of cloud effective particle size on sea surface temperature.
Utopia and Hellas basins, Mars: Twins separated at birth
Authors: Searls Mindi L. , Banerdt W. Bruce , Phillips Roger J.
Published: August 2006

Using topography and gravity data as constraints, we formulate spherical harmonic thin elastic‐shell models to determine the subsurface structure of the Hellas and Utopia basins. For Hellas, we show that our model is consistent with the elastic thickness results of McGovern et al. (2002, 2004). The thin elastic lithosphere at the time of formation implies that Hellas is close to isostatic. Since Utopia formed earlier, we argue that an isostatic assumption is justified for the Utopia basin before it was filled. From this supposition, we derive a system of equations that allows us to solve for the amount of fill, the prefill topography, and the amount of flexure due to the fill within the Utopia basin. An analysis of the parameter space shows that the fill density and the amount of fill is strongly dependent on the elastic thickness at the time of infilling. A thinner elastic lithosphere favors a denser fill, while a thicker lithosphere will allow for less dense material. Likewise, larger crustal thickness values lead to smaller fill density values. The presence of quasi‐circular depressions, interpreted as impact craters, within the Utopia basin indicates that the majority of the material within Utopia was deposited prior to 4.04–4.11 Ga. The early timing for the deposition combined with the heat imparted by the basin forming event argues for a thinner lithosphere which could, in turn, suggest fill densities that are more consistent with a volcanic load than with pure sediment or ice‐rich material. These results are supported using an alternative method of determining the amount of fill and flexure within Utopia. This model assumes that Hellas and Utopia were initially identical and that the only difference in their subsequent evolution was the addition of material in the Utopia basin. The volume of material needed to fill Utopia is immense (on the order of 50 million km3 or more). The high density obtained for the fill requires that it contain a large igneous component, the source of which is problematic. Relaxing the isostatic assumption to a reasonable degree perturbs the density bound only slightly.