bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medial malleolar fractures
Authors: Carter T. H. , Duckworth A. D. , White T. O.
Published: April 2019

The medial malleolus, once believed to be the primary stabilizer of the ankle, has been the topic of conflicting clinical and biomechanical data for many decades. Despite the relevant surgical anatomy being understood for almost 40 years, the optimal treatment of medial malleolar fractures remains unclear, whether the injury occurs in isolation or as part of an unstable bi- or trimalleolar fracture configuration. Traditional teaching recommends open reduction and fixation of medial malleolar fractures that are part of an unstable injury. However, there is recent evidence to suggest that nonoperative management of well-reduced fractures may result in equivalent outcomes, but without the morbidity associated with surgery. This review gives an update on the relevant anatomy and classification systems for medial malleolar fractures and an overview of the current literature regarding their management, including surgical approaches and the choice of implants. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:512–521.
CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE CULTIVARES DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR EM PLANTIO DE INVERNO SOB PREPAROS CONSERVACIONISTAS DO SOLO
Authors: Arcoverde Sálvio Napoleão Soares , De Souza Cristiano Marcio Alves , Orlando Roberto Carlos , Da Silva Moacir Marreiro , Do Nascimento Jackeline Matos
Published: April 2019

Na produção da cana-de-açúcar devem ser consideradas as condições edafoclimáticas, o manejo agrícola e o cultivar escolhido, visando alcançar adequados estandes de plantas e de produtividade final. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento inicial de oito cultivares de cana-de-açúcar em plantio de inverno em Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico submetido a dois preparos conservacionistas. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. Os dois preparos do solo (reduzido e plantio direto) constituíram as parcelas e as oito cultivares de cana-de-açúcar (RB965902, RB985476, RB966928, RB855156, RB975201, RB975242, RB036066 e RB855536) e as subparcelas, com quatro repetições. Determinou-se o número de perfilhos por metro e o índice de velocidade de emergência, além da altura de planta, do diâmetro de colmo e do índice de clorofila foliar. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias ao teste Scott-Knott e regressão polinomial. Em geral, as cultivares de cana-de-açúcar apresentam melhor estabelecimento inicial quando cultivadas em preparo reduzido, onde ocorrem maiores altura de planta e índice de clorofila foliar; porém, o diâmetro de colmo não é afetado pelo preparo do solo. Em ambos os preparos do solo, a cultivar RB966928 apresenta maiores velocidade de emergência e perfilhamento, enquanto a cultivar RB855156, maiores índices de clorofila foliar na fase inicial de crescimento de colmos.
Decision Algorithm for Heuristic Donor-Recipient Matching
Authors: Namatevs Ivars , Aleksejeva Ludmila
Published: April 2019

This paper introduces the application of artificial intelligence paradigm towards precision medicine in renal transplantation. The match of the optimal donor-recipient pair in kidney transplantation in Latvian Transplant Centre (LTC) has been constrained by the lack of prediction models and algorithms. Consequently, LTC seeks for practical intelligent computing solution to assist the clinical setting decision-makers during their search for the optimal donor-recipient match. Therefore, by optimizing both the donor and recipient profiles, prioritizing importance of the features, and based on greedy algorithm approach, advanced decision algorithm has been created. The strength of proposed algorithm lies in identification of suitable donors for a specific recipient based on evaluation of criteria by points principle. Experimental study demonstrates that the decision algorithm for heuristic donor-recipient matching integrated in machine learning approach improves the ability of optimal allocation of renal in LTC. It is an important step towards personalized medicine in clinical settings.
Genetic Algorithm for Independent Job Scheduling in Grid Computing
Authors: Younis Muhanad Tahrir , Yang Shengxiang
Published: April 2019

Grid computing refers to the infrastructure which connects geographically distributed computers ownedby various organizations allowing their resources, such as computational power and storage capabilities, to beshared, selected, and aggregated. Job scheduling is the problem of mapping a set of jobs to a set of resources.It is considered one of the main steps to e ciently utilise the maximum capabilities of grid computing systems.The problem under question has been highlighted as an NP-complete problem and hence meta-heuristic methodsrepresent good candidates to address it. In this paper, a genetic algorithm with a new mutation procedure tosolve the problem of independent job scheduling in grid computing is presented. A known static benchmark forthe problem is used to evaluate the proposed method in terms of minimizing the makespan by carrying out anumber of experiments. The obtained results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than some knownalgorithms taken from the literature.
The Computational Power of Neural Networks and Representations of Numbers in Non-Integer Bases
Authors: Sima Jiri
Published: April 2019

We briefly survey the basic concepts and results concerning the computational power of neural net-orks which basically depends on the information content of eight parameters. In particular, recurrent neural networks with integer, rational, and arbitrary real weights are classi ed within the Chomsky and finer complexity hierarchies. Then we re ne the analysis between integer and rational weights by investigating an intermediate model of integer-weight neural networks with an extra analog rational-weight neuron (1ANN). We show a representation theorem which characterizes the classification problems solvable by 1ANNs, by using so-called cut languages. Our analysis reveals an interesting link to an active research field on non-standard positional numeral systems with non-integer bases. Within this framework, we introduce a new concept of quasi-periodic numbers which is used to classify the computational power of 1ANNs within the Chomsky hierarchy.
An Approach to Customer Behavior Modeling using Markov Decision Process
Authors: Grunt Ondrej , Plucar Jan , Stakova Marketa , Janecko Tomas , Zelinka Ivan
Published: April 2019

This paper presents an application of Markov Decision Process method for modeling of selected marketing processes. Based on available realistic data, MDP model is constructed. Customer behavior is represented by a set of states of the model with assigned rewards corresponding to the expected return value. Outcoming arcs then represent actions available to the customer in current state. Favourable outcome rate of available actions is then analyzed, with emphasis on suitability of the model for future predictions of customer behavior.
Three-Dimensional Genetic Algorithm for the Kirkman's Schoolgirl Problem
Authors: Merta Jan , Brandejsky Tomas
Published: April 2019

This paper focuses on the possibilities of multidimensional genetic algorithms and relevant genetic operators. After the literature overview we used a three-dimensional genetic algorithm to solve a combinatorial task called Kirkman’s Schoolgirl Problem. The first results were not good, but we improved convergence of an algorithm by adding more genetic operators. We also used problem dependent mutation, where we tried to repair the incorrect solution by using the simple heuristic method. Finally, we got a solid number of correct solutions, but we know there is enough room for other improvements.
Numerical Data Clustering Ontology Approach
Authors: Grabusts Peter
Published: April 2019

Clustering algorithm tasks are used to group given objects defined by a set of numerical properties in such a way that the objects within a group are more similar than the objects in different groups. All clustering algorithms have common parameters the choice of which characterizes the effectiveness of clustering. The most important parameters characterizing clustering are: metrics, number of clusters and cluster validity criteria. In classic clustering algorithms semantic knowledge is ignored. This creates difficulties in interpreting the results of clustering. At present, the use of ontology opportunities is developing very rapidly, that provide an explicit model for structuring concepts, together with their interrelationship, which allows you to gain knowledge of a particular data model. According to the previously obtained results of clustering study, the author will make an attempt to create ontology-based concept from numerical data using similarity measures, cluster numbers, cluster validity and others characteristic features. To scientific novelty should be attributed the combination of approaches of classical data analysis and ontological approach to their structuring, that increases the efficiency of their use in engineering practice.
Distribution Endpoint Estimation Assessment for the use in Metaheuristic Optimization Procedure
Authors: Holesovky Jan
Published: April 2019

Metaheuristic algorithms are often applied to numerous optimization problems, involving large-scale and mixed-integer instances, specifically. In this contribution we discuss some refinements from the extreme value theory to the lately proposed modification of partition-based random search. The partition-based approach performs iterative random sampling at given feasible subspaces in order to exclude the less favourable regions. The quality of particular regions is evaluated according to the promising index of a region. From statistical perspective, determining the promising index is equivalent to the endpoint estimation of a probability distribution induced by the objective function at the sampling subspace. In the following paper, we give a short review of the recent endpoint estimators derived on the basis of extreme value theory, and compare them by simulations. We discuss also the difficulties in their application and suitability of the estimators for various optimization instances.
Stress Measures in SOM Learning
Authors: Krbcova Zuzana
Published: April 2019

Various stress measures can be used in generalized version of Sammon’s mapping. Kohonen SOM with iterative or batch learning is a standard tool for data self-organization, too. Our method applies stress functions to pattern relationships in SOM and converts batch learning to discrete optimization task. Due to NP–completeness of SOM learning, optimization heuristics have to be used. Simulated annealing making use of Lévy flights is the recommended heuristics for this task.
Effects of Environment Model Parametrization on Photogrametry Reconstruction
Authors: Klecka Jan
Published: April 2019

This paper is aimed at a description of effects which have assumptions of specific environment structure on quality of recurrently conducted photogrammetry reconstruction. The theoretical part covers the description of three different assumptions of environment structure and mathematical derivation of two suitable recurrent estimators: one based on Extended Kalman filter and the second one based on Maximum likelihood method. The experimental part is introducing simple virtual environment which is observed by linear camera model and then reconstructed using predefined algorithms and assumptions.
Application of Fuzzy Logic for Monitoring of Appearance of Heat Waves in Large Towns
Authors: Bila Jiri , Jura Jakub , Novak Martin
Published: April 2019

In the paper are introduced some results of the influence of cooling effect of vegetation on the climate in large towns. The results have been acquired from measurement of some meteorological variables in selected parts of large town and from application of fuzzy models on the prediction of maximum day temperature. Great motivation of the paper is not only course of maximum temperature in standard days but especially the more dramatic situations as is appearance of Heat Waves. Besides the selection of relevant variables and the design of knowledge based system (with application) is performed an approximation operation for knowledge based systém function taking into account the conditions throughout the city.
Providing Customised Information Panel Content Based on User Behavioral Patterns
Authors: Pisarovic Ivo , Prochazka David , Vybiral Dan , Prochazkova Jana
Published: April 2019

Although mobile applications are commonly using user location and behavior to provide relevant content, public information panels usually lack the ability to adjust the content for a particular user or a group of users. Therefore, we focused on the development of information panels that are able, in combination with a mobile application, to collect anonymous location data about the users, identify key behavioral patterns and provide content that is relevant for the users in the panel vicinity. The key property of our solution is the anonymity of the collected information and privacy in general. The proposed algorithm consists of the data clustering and subsequent analysis. Described solution can be used in any public building or campus that the users visit regularly.
It Is About Time: Interracial Couples and Racialized Wait Times in Dining
Authors: Dalmage Heather
Published: April 2019

In this article, I explore “wait time” as a form of racial border patrolling experienced by interracial couples when they dine out. I am framing “wait time” as something imposed and intentional to exclude these couples. When interracial couples are together, they are conspicuous reminders that the borders of whiteness are permeable. Racial borders, upheld through legal and extra legal means, include the contested, patrolled and often hostile spaces near the colour line. Interracial couples dining in restaurants across the globe report in their online post-dining reviews that they experienced comparatively long wait times to be both being seated and served. They report seeing other patrons not being made to wait while they are made to wait. Much of the literature on wait time during leisure assumes a colour-blind backdrop. Exploring the historical construction of race, specifically racial borders, provides the context for understanding why interracial couples are made to wait. I begin with an overview of the historical construction and reinforcing of “exclusionary” borders of whiteness. Next, I outline digital discourse analysis and the context of the data collection: TripAdvisor. Finally, I analyze the TripAdvisor reviews written by interracial couples. Analysis of the reviews highlighting the border patrolling of these couples is pervasive: “Wait time,” poor service, and being rushed out are three ways interracial couples' experience being excluded. At stake is not just the time lost or the energy of dealing with negative emotions associated with racialized waiting, at stake is humanity.
Paths to a “Toolbox for Social Change”—Interactions Between Art and Continuing Education in the Context of Critical Diversity Literacy
Authors: Klingovsky Ulla , Pfründer Georges
Published: April 2019

The aim of this article is to systematise some of the findings that have emerged in the context of an international research cooperation between the Wits Centre for Diversity Studies at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, and the School of Education at the FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland. The objective of this collaboration is to generate research-based formats of continuing education concerning Critical Diversity Literacy activated by art. In this article, Critical Diversity Literacy is considered as a founding principle for a process towards an understanding of oneself and of the world, within the framework of global tensions and conflict situations. Adult and continuing education can successfully assist with framing the content and designing the concepts for such developmental spaces. Art and theatre education are understood as a catalysing force to open up new social imaginations. By interweaving these three disciplines, the intention is to create a body of theory and informed practice, the core components of which will be illustrated in this article. We begin by outlining the concept of Critical Diversity Literacy established by Melissa Steyn. We shall then go on to demonstrate how this concept is enriched by educational theory. As the third step—informed by artistic theory and practice—the fundamentals and tools (“Toolbox”) for continuing education arrangements will be presented, together with an exposition of the status of knowledge to date: the key challenge is the configuration of “aesthetic spaces” that can lead to “social imaginations,” to be designed in the form of “contact zones.”
German Rightwingization as the New Normal? Tales of Becoming
Authors: Schuhmann Antje
Published: April 2019

This text explores the politics of becoming rightwing amongst what is considered normal German middle class life. The socio-political and historic context of the left losing its subcultural hegemony is narrated as transgenerational societal shift in the light of a perceived masculine fragility. Illustrated through wo middleclass men whose becoming rightwing is driven by a plethora of anxieties manifesting at the intersection of their public/private lives; anxieties which are reaching from immigration to gender madness, and which are analyzed as contradictory but also mutually constituting. Rather than interpreting the widespread righwingizsation through a narrow economic focus this text argues to read the politics of becoming rightwing as a highly intersectional project.
Global capital, global labour and global dominance: The case of xXx: Return of Xander Cage
Authors: Koushik Kailash , Proffitt Jennifer M.
Published: April 2019

This article analyses the movie, xXx: Return of Xander Cage, produced to attract global audiences and increase global investments in Hollywood, by examining its production, financing, marketing and distribution practices. The aim of this article is to point to a shift in the way in which global Hollywood operates, exploits and maintains its economic and cultural dominance. It explores Return of Xander Cage as a case study of how particular Hollywood films are now being produced for the influential Chinese and Indian markets by using the resources of the target nations to counter competition from these same markets.
Producción de cine en España: el éxito condicionado por las empresas participantes
Authors: Pérez-Rufí José-Patricio , Castro-Higueras Antonio
Published: April 2019

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar las estructuras empresariales que rodean al cine de producción española de éxito en los años 2016, 2017 y 2018. La hipótesis de partida es que el éxito comercial de una película española dentro del mercado nacional viene condicionado por la estructura de producción y distribución. Aplicamos una metodología cuantitativa en la que tomamos como muestra las diez películas españolas más comerciales de cada año, buscando la relación con las empresas productoras y con las distribuidoras. Los resultados del análisis ponen de manifiesto la importancia de un pequeño grupo de productoras, así como la necesaria intervención de las cadenas de televisión (integradas en los principales grupos mediáticos nacionales), además de la distribución por parte del reducido oligopolio de distribuidoras (filiales nacionales de los grande estudios de Hollywood) que concentra la mayor recaudación en taquilla. Destacamos que la figura empresarial y jurídica que reporta mayores beneficios es la AIE, Agrupación de Interés Económico. La fórmula del cine español de éxito es el resultado de las políticas aplicadas en la industria cinematográfica.
Relaciones narrativas entre las partes interactivas y las cinemáticas en el videojuego mediante el análisis cualitativo de siete títulos de la saga Assassin’s Creed
Authors: Esteban-Espinosa Germán
Published: April 2019

En el presente artículo se aborda el estudio de las relaciones existentes entre las partes interactivas y las cinemáticas o cutscenes de un videojuego mediante el análisis de siete títulos de la saga Assassin’s Creed. En primer lugar, se introduce el tema y se contextualiza. Se realiza un repaso al marco teórico para señalar la gran necesidad de nuevos escritos que suplan la escasísima bibliografía existente sobre este tema. A continuación, se aplica una metodología consistente en la transcripción del argumento de los videojuegos, indicando detalladamente qué partes son interactivas, cuáles son cinemáticas y cuáles son fusión de ambas. Una vez realizado el estudio, exponemos los resultados y los discutimos, observando cómo en todos los títulos se aprecia una clara preocupación por ver cuál es la utilidad de las cinemáticas, experimentando constantemente con la relación entre estas y las partes jugables para llegar a la mejor manera de armar el argumento del videojuego, lo que sugiere que excluir a las cinemáticas del análisis de un videojuego es un error. Aunque tanta variedad en las cinemáticas impide que se elabore una tipología de las mismas, sí que se identifican algunos usos útiles.
Effect of roughness on sequent depth in hydraulic jumps over rough bed
Authors: Arunrao Deshmukh Arpan , Sudharsan Naveen , D Vasudeo Avinash , Dattatraya Ghare Aniruddha
Published: April 2019

Hydraulic jump is an important phenomenon in open channel flows such as rivers and spillways. Hydraulic jump is mainly used for kinetic energy dissipation at the downstream side of a spillway with the assist of baffle blocks. It has been demonstrated that corrugated or rough beds show considerably more energy dissipation than smooth beds. The experimental research evaluating the effect of crushed stones on the hydraulic jump is presented in this paper. Five different-size sets of crushed stones were used. Results show that the effect of rough bed does not increase after a certain height of crushed stone is reached.
KONFLIK PENGUASAAN LAHAN EKS TAMBANG PT. ANTAM,Tbk DI KELURAHAN SUNGAI ENAM KECAMATAN BINTAN TIMUR KABUPATEN BINTAN
Authors: Syafitri Rahma , Elsera Marisa
Published: April 2019

Land grabs and land tenure are one of the potential conflicts that often occur in the community. One of the conflicts that occurred was a case of land control over the former mine of PT. Antam Tbk. in the Sungai Enam sub-district began in 2005. Conflicts started from different meanings of land between PT. Antam Tbk. with the Sungai Enam community. This research was carried out to determine the dynamics of the conflict over the control of the former mining area of PT Antam Tbk. in the Sungai Enam sub-district, Bintan Timur, Bintan district. This research method uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observations and documentation studies selected as techniques in data collection. The results of the study show that the conflict that occurred was still in the phase of conflict over the perception of the land of the former PT Antam Tbk. mine between the official owner of PT Antam Tbk. and the community. The Flores people who currently occupy the land consider that the land belongs to God so that they have the right to occupy the land and make it a place to live and grow crops, this assumption is considered right because they can live for decades without any direct request from PT. Antam Tbk. hasn't moved them yet. While the PT. Antam Tbk. can only make a warning by making a notice in one corner of the land with the writing that the land belongs to PT Antam Tbk.Perebutan lahan dan penguasaan lahan merupakan salah satu potensi konflik yang sering terjadi di masyarakat.Salah satu konflik yang terjadi adalah kasus penguasaan lahan atas eks tambang PT Antam Tbk. di Kelurahan Sungai Enam dimulai sejak tahun 2005.Konflik bermula dari pemaknaan yang berbeda atas tanah antara PT Antam Tbk. dengan masyarakat Sungai Enam. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dinamika konflik penguasaan lahan eks tambang PT Antam Tbk. di Kelurahan Sungai Enam Kecamatan Bintan Timur Kabupaten Bintan. Metode penenelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi serta studi dokumentasi dipilih sebagai teknik dalam pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konflik yang terjadi masih pada fase pertentangan atas persepsi lahan eks tambang PT Antam Tbk. antara pemilik resmi PT Antam Tbk. dengan masyarakat. Masyarakat Flores yang saat ini menempati lahan tersebut menganggap tanah tersebut milik Tuhan sehingga mereka berhak menempati lahan dan menjadikannya sebagai tempat tinggal dan bercocok tanam, anggapan ini dinilai benar karena mereka bisa hidup puluhan tahun ditanah tersebut tanpa adanya permintaan langsung dari PT Antam Tbk. untuk mereka pindah. Sedangkan pihak PT Antam Tbk. hanya bisa membuat peringatan dengan membuat pemberitahuan di salah satu sudut lahan dengan tulisan bahwa tanah tersebut milik PT Antam Tbk.
TERORISME DI ERA KONVERGENSI
Authors: Zahid A
Published: April 2019

This article discusses about the relationship between media and terorism in convergence era. The object was terorism news in TV One. Broadcasting of terorism through media in convergence era demanded to hold tightly of ethical principles of journalism. If not, the media would be a tool spreading terror out to society. This study was a qualitative research using descriptive method because this research aimed to get answer related to perception and opinion thereby requiring detailed quali. Data analysis was carried out using Miles and Huberman’s approach, consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data validation was conducted using source triangulation to recheck the obtained data.
La Internacional Socialista en las relaciones entre España y América Latina en los setenta y ochenta
Authors: Fazio Luciana
Published: April 2019

Desde los setenta se asistió a una intensificación de los vínculos de la Internacional Socialista (IS) con organizaciones afines de América Latina. La ola dictatorial, que evocaba los recuerdos del fascismo, despertó la solidaridad y el interés por lo que ocurría al otro lado del Atlántico. Igualmente, esos fueron años en los que la IS creó una serie de enunciados en materia internacional, los cuales fueron puestos en práctica por el Gobierno de Felipe González. Bajo su mandato, España definió una nueva política exterior frente América Latina, pero cuyos postulados económicos iniciales tuvieron que variar por la adhesión a la Comunidad Económica Europea (CEE). Esta historia, poco estudiada, resulta muy importante porque constituye uno de los principales fundamentos sobre los cuales se ha construido el andamiaje que gobierna las relaciones europeo-latinoamericanas hasta el presente.
KONFLIK INTERNAL PARTAI KEADILAN SEJAHTERA (PKS) TAHUN 2016: STUDI KASUS KONFLIK FAHRI HAMZAH DENGAN PIMPINAN DEWAN PENGURUS PUSAT (DPP) PKS
Authors: Akmar Zaiyatul
Published: April 2019

The internal PKS main conflict occurred in 2016 involving party cadres as well as members of the DPR RI in the 2014-2019 period, namely Fahri Hamzah with PKS Leaders. The conflict between Fahri Hamzah and the PKS Leader is not an individualistic conflict but also a factional one. Conflicts that occur due to dismissal carried out by PKS Leaders to Fahri Hamzah is driven by the fact that the PKS leaders do not comply with the party leadership and violate the party's AD / ART( basic rules). The results of this study are the conflicts that occurred between Fahri Hamzah and PKS Leaders not only concerning the existence of factions in PKS but also the struggle for power of political office in the party. So in this case PKS failed in managing internal conflict and also failed to mediate to reach a consensus. The legal approach to sue fahri Hamzah, but was then won by Fahri Hamzah in the South Jakarta District Court, DKI Jakarta Court, and the Supreme Court, has shown us that there is a serious problem in PKS internal consolidation.
Patients as diagnostic collaborators: sharing visit notes to promote accuracy and safety
Authors: Blease Charlotte R. , Bell Sigall K.
Published: April 2019

Error resulting from missed, delayed, or wrong diagnoses is estimated to occur in 10–15% of ambulatory and inpatient encounters, leading to serious harm in around half of such cases. When it comes to conceptualizing diagnostic error, most research has focused on factors pertaining to: (a) physician cognition and (b) ergonomic or systems factors related to the physician’s working environment. A third factor – the role of patients in diagnostic processes – remains relatively under-investigated. Yet, as a growing number of researchers acknowledge, patients hold unique knowledge about themselves and their healthcare experience, and may be the most underutilized resource for mitigating diagnostic error. This opinion article examines recent findings from patient surveys about sharing visit notes with patients online. Drawing on these survey results, we suggest three ways in which sharing visit notes with patients might enhance diagnostic processes: (1) avoid delays and missed diagnoses by enhancing timely follow up of recommended tests, results, and referrals; (2) identify documentation errors that may undermine diagnostic accuracy; and (3) strengthen patient-clinician relationships thereby creating stronger bidirectional diagnostic partnerships. We also consider the potential pitfalls or unintended consequences of note transparency, and highlight areas in need of further research.
The crystal structure of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(phenyl(phenylsulfonyl)methyl)phenol, C27H32O3S
Authors: Liu Zhang-Qin , Tang Min , Zhang Liang-Dong , You Peng-Sheng , Liu Sheng-Shu
Published: April 2019

C27H32O3S, triclinic, P1̄, a = 12.2441(2) Å, b = 14.9350(2) Å, c = 15.2081(3) Å, α = 73.6710(16)°, β = 70.1267(17)°, γ = 70.7828(15)°, V = 2424.41(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0442, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1319, T = 297.1(2) K.
Crystal structure of (E)-N-((3R,5S,10S, 13S,14S,17S)-17-((S)-1-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl)-2-methylbut-2-enamide – water – methanol (1/1/1), C29H54N2O3
Authors: Tan Bo , Wu Qi-Yun , Wu Ji-Chun , Huo Shao-Jie , He Xi-Cheng , Du Jiang
Published: April 2019

C29H54N2O3, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 9.8091(11) Å, b = 7.6661(8) Å, c = 19.095(2) Å, β = 93.171(4)°, V = 1433.7(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0657, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1362, T = 250 K.
Crystal structure of poly[(μ2-1,3-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene-κ2
N:N′)(nitrato-κ1
O)cadmium(II)] — water (2/1), C28H32CdN10O7
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhou Yu , Wang Yu , Chen Gao-Hui , Lian Qi-Xin , Wang Hai-Dong
Published: April 2019

C28H32CdN10O7, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 8.2649(5) Å, b = 9.7841(6) Å, c = 10.0808(6) Å, α = 94.069(7)°, β = 104.912(7)°, γ = 97.695(7)°, V = 775.89(9) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0432, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1140, T = 293(2) K.
Music recognition algorithm based on T-S cognitive neural network
Authors: Yan Fei
Published: April 2019

The main task of music recognition is to acquire relevant information of music content through processing and feature extraction of audio signals, and then used for comparison, classification, and automatic recording. The cognitive neural network based on T-S model is used to train the network weights with improved genetic algorithm in the paper. The strategy of membership function parameter adjustment is combined with the combination of momentum method and learning rate adaptive adjustment. The new proposed algorithm can be used in the music recognition algorithm by adding a compensation factor related to the input dimension on the membership degree, and the experimental result of the rule disaster caused by the excessive input dimension shows that the new proposed method can be applied to the music recognition system. At the same time, it shows that the accuracy rate of the recognition network is more accurate than that of the other algorithms, and its robustness is better.
Effects of Different Intraset Rest Durations on Lifting Performance and Self-perceived Exertion During Bench Press Exercise
Authors: Ho Indy M.K. , Luk Jim T.C. , Ngo Jake K. , Wong Del P.
Published: April 2019

Ho, IMK, Luk, JTC, Ngo, JK, and Wong, DP. Effects of different intraset rest durations on lifting performance and self-perceived exertion during bench press exercise. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2114–2120, 2021—This study compared the number of successful repetitions, failure rates, and ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs) among intraset rest (ISR) protocols (0-, 20-, or 40-second rest between third and fourth repetitions) during bench press exercise with total 3 sets and 6 repetitions per set at 6 repetition maximum (6RM) load. Thirty-four college-aged men performed 6RM loads with ISR 0, 20, and 40 on 3 separate visits in a counterbalanced order while the total rest time and duration of each protocol was equated. Results showed failure rates of 32.4% for ISR0 (11 subjects with failed repetition), 14.7% for ISR20, and 2.9% for ISR40. The ISR had a small positive effect on increasing successful repetitions in: second set, ISR40 vs. ISR0 and ISR20 vs. ISR0 (both +0.2 rep, d = 0.28); third set, ISR40 vs. ISR0 (+0.5 rep, d = 0.55) and ISR20 vs. ISR0 (+0.4 rep, d = 0.39); and total number of repetition: ISR40 vs. ISR0 (+0.7 rep, d = 0.46) and ISR20 vs. ISR0 (+0.5 rep, d = 0.36). The ISR also had small effect on decreasing RPE in: second set, ISR40 vs. ISR0 (−0.6, d = −0.21); third set, ISR40 vs. ISR0 (−0.7, d = −0.26); and average RPE of the 3 sets, ISR40 vs. ISR0 (−0.6, d = −0.24). The longer ISR could further decrease RPE only in the third set (ISR40 vs. ISR20: −0.6, d = −0.23, small effect). Strength coaches may use the ISR40 rest redistribution to reduce RPE and enhance repetition sustainability.
Analyzing Gospel
Authors: Shelley Braxton D.
Published: April 2019

This article presents an analytical paradigm that employs the repetitive musical cycle known as “the vamp” to illuminate the interrelation of form, experience, and meaning in African American gospel music, focusing on music performed by gospel choirs with soloists. I argue that, more than just a ubiquitous musical procedure, the gospel vamp functions as a ritual technology, a resource many African American Christians use to experience with their bodies what they believe in their hearts. As they perform and perceive the gospel vamp's characteristic combination of repetition and escalation, these believers coproduce sonic environments that facilitate the communal experience of a given song's textual message. Through close readings of four canonical songs from the gospel choir repertoire—Kurt Carr's “For Every Mountain,” Brenda Joyce Moore's “Perfect Praise,” Richard Smallwood's “I Will Sing Praises,” and Thomas Whitfield's “I Shall Wear a Crown”—the article examines the phenomenological implications of gospel's communal orientation, outlines the relationship between musical syntax, musical experience, formal convention, and lyrical content in this genre, and suggests that analyzing gospel offers a way of studying how many black Christians come into contact with the invisible subjects of their belief.
A Genetic Screen Using theDrosophila melanogasterTRiP RNAi Collection To Identify Metabolic Enzymes Required for Eye Development
Authors: Pletcher Rose C , Hardman Sara L , Intagliata Sydney F , Lawson Rachael L , Page Aumunique , Tennessen Jason M
Published: April 2019

The metabolic enzymes that compose glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and other pathways within central carbon metabolism have emerged as key regulators of animal development. These enzymes not only generate the energy and biosynthetic precursors required to support cell proliferation and differentiation, but also moonlight as regulators of transcription, translation, and signal transduction. Many of the genes associated with animal metabolism, however, have never been analyzed in a developmental context, thus highlighting how little is known about the intersection of metabolism and development. Here we address this deficiency by using the Drosophila TRiP RNAi collection to disrupt the expression of over 1,100 metabolism-associated genes within cells of the eye imaginal disc. Our screen not only confirmed previous observations that oxidative phosphorylation serves a critical role in the developing eye, but also implicated a host of other metabolic enzymes in the growth and differentiation of this organ. Notably, our analysis revealed a requirement for glutamine and glutamate metabolic processes in eye development, thereby revealing a role of these amino acids in promoting Drosophila tissue growth. Overall, our analysis highlights how the Drosophila eye can serve as a powerful tool for dissecting the relationship between development and metabolism.
Aktyviosios mokyklos idėjų atspindys J. Laužiko didaktinėse pažiūrose
Authors: Valatkienė Stasė
Published: April 2019

Jonas Laužikas (1903-1980) savo darbuose daug dėmesio skyrė užsienio pedagoginei minčiai studijuoti. Jis buvo gerai susipažinęs su XIX a. pab. - XX a. pr. pedagoginėmis srovėmis (darbo, veiklos mokykla, veiksmo, eksperimentinė, asmenybės, pragmatistinė, estetinio auklėjimo, egzistencialistine ir kt. pedagogikos srovėmis), su užsienio pedagogų praktine patirtimi. Ypač daug dėmesio Laužikas skyrė Vokietijos naujosioms mokykloms, kurių ne tik teorijas, bet ir praktinę patirtį buvo itin nuodugniai išstudijavęs ir radęs vertingų dalykų. Tačiau, reikia pastebėti, kad Laužikas visas teorijas (tiek tradicines, tiek naująsias) ir praktiką vertino gana kritiškai, parodydamas ne tik teigiamus, bet ir neigiamus aspektus, padarytas ir daromas klaidas. Kritinei naujų idėjų analizei padėjo puikus pedagogikos istorijos išmanymas. Mokslininkas beveik kiekvieną pedagoginę problemą, o ypač mokymo individualizavimo ir diferencijavimo klausimus, mokinių aktyvumo problemą nagrinėjo ir istoriniu požiūriu, stengdamasis parodyti svarstomų klausimų istorines ištakas, jų raidą.
Dorovinio auklėjimo aktualumas
Authors: Aramavičiūtė Vanda
Published: April 2019

Remiantis Lietuvos vidurinės bendrojo lavinimo mokyklos koncepcija (1989), straipsnyje pabrėžiama, kad viso auklėjimo šerdimi turėtų tapti dorovinis auklėjimas, kurio pagrindinis tikslas - aktyvios dorovinės pozicijos ugdymas. Sykiu pažymima, kad dorovinė pozicija yra sudėtingas fenomenas, apimantis dorovinės sąmonės ir dorovinio elgesio sferą. Teorinėje straipsnio dalyje trumpai aptariamas dorovinės pozicijos turinys, apibrėžiami kriterijai, nusakantys dorovinės pozicijos lygį. Būtent šiais kriterijais paremti empiriniai vyresnio amžiaus mokinių dorovinės pozicijos tyrimai. Tyrimų metu siekta: 1) nustatyti kokias dorovines vertybes ir kokiu lygiu mokiniai yra įsisąmoninę; 2) atskirti bendrus ir specifinius dorovinės pozicijos bruožus, būdingus skirtingų tipų mokyklų mokiniams; 3) išskirti socialinius-pedagoginius veiksnius, daugiausiai sąlygojančius dorovinių vertybių internalizaciją; 4) apibūdinti esmines sąlygas, determinuojančias minėtų veiksnių dorovinį pobūdį; 5) išsiaiškinti pagrindines dorovinės pozicijos ugdymo kryptis įvairių tipų mokyklose.
Mokymo individualizavimas JAV
Authors: Valatkienė Stasė
Published: April 2019

XIX a. pabaigoje - XX a. pradžioje imta ieškoti efektyvesnių mokymo organizavimo formų ir metodų, kurie leistų atsižvelgti į vaikų individualias savybes: į veiklos tempą, interesus, polinkius, poreikius, gabumus, motyvaciją ir t.t. Ypač ryškūs mokymo individualizavimo poslinkiai pastebimi JAV pedagogikoje ir mokyklos praktikoje. Jau ankstyvieji progresyvistai ( F.Parkeris, P.Searchas) ne tik kritikavo masinį, standartizuotą mokymą, bet ir daug dėmesio skyrė individualaus priėjimo principui, ieškojo metodų ne tik individualybei pažinti, bet ir ją aktyvinti mokymo procese. Ankstyvųjų progresyvistų patirtį, jų idėjas teoriškai apibendrino J. Dewey, kuris pragmatinės filosofijos ir psichologijos pagrindu sukūrė naują pedagogikos teoriją, tapusią kitų mokymo sistemų, plėtojančių mokymo individualizavimo, diferencijavimo, aktyvizavimo idėjas, pagrindu. Šios sistemos naudojo įvairias individualizavimo formas: paliekant klases ir sudarant homogenines grupes tam tikram laikui ir tik iš kai kurių dalykų; individualizuojant mokymą pagal darbo tempą (Daltono planas), pagal mokymo medžiagą (Vinetkos planas); mokymo užduotis individualizuojant heterogeninės klasės viduje ir t.t.
Profesijos pasirinkimo racionalumas kaip psichopedagoginė problema
Authors: Petrauskaitė Ramutė
Published: April 2019

Straipsnyje racionaliu laikomas toks profesijos pasirinkimas, kuris vyksta asmenybei įsisąmoninant pagrindines savo ir pasirenkamos profesijos savybes, jų atitikimo lygius ir prognozuojant būsimos profesinės veiklos perspektyvas. Siekiant nustatyti mokinių (kandidatų į Klaipėdos universiteto filologijos studijas) profesijos pasirinkimo racionalumo lygį, buvo pritaikytas Fukuyama testas (sutrumpintai F-testas). Sudarant tyrimo metodiką šis testas buvo adaptuotas: atsižvelgiant į Lietuvos mokyklose vyraujančią praktiką buvo pakeista IV -oji F-testo dalis. Taikant šią metodiką buvo apklausta 60 mokinių ir tiek pat jų mokytojų. Tyrimas iš dalies patvirtino pirminę hipotezę, kad būsimų filologijos studentų profesinio racionalumo lygis turėtų būti aukštas. Vis dėlto maždaug ketvirtadaliui tirtų mokinių būdingi dideli nukrypimai nuo bendro lygio. Taip pat pastebėta, kad mokytojai kur kas aukščiau vertino ugdytinių asmenines savybes nei patys mokiniai. Tačiau taikoma metodika neleido nustatyti šio reiškinio priežasčių.
Mokytojo vaidmens problema pedeutologijoje
Authors: Poškus Kazys
Published: April 2019

Šiandieną, vykstant švietimo reformai, tenka iš naujo įvertinti mokytojo vaidmenį ugdymo procesams bei jo parengimą šiam vaidmeniui. Savo vaidmens korekciją mokytojas turėtų atlikti ir dėl kaltinimų, kuriuos jam ne visada teisingai kelia Lietuvos švietimo refomos autoriai. Mūsų mokykla, jos mokytojas net ir sovietmečiu bandė ieškoti racionalių demokratinio švietimo bei ugdymo idėjų, tik, deja, neturėjo palankių sąlygų joms realizuoti. Straipsnyje taip pat aptarimos profesinės mokyktojo savybės, apžvelgiamos filosofinės mąstymo apie mokytojo profesiją tendencijos. Įvairių sociologijos, psichologijos ir filosofijos teorijų mokytojo vaidmuo visuomenėje suprantamas labai skirtingai. Reikia nuspręsti, kokio vaidmens šiuolaikinėje visuomenėje laukiama iš mūsų mokytojų ir kokie mokytojų rengimo metodai tinkamiausi.
Vaikų ir paauglių agresyvumo klausimu
Authors: Gumuliauskienė Aušrinė
Published: April 2019

Vaikų ir paauglių agresyvumas nuolatos didėja. Todėl agresyvumo fenomenas įdomus švietimo teoretikams ir praktikams. Straipnyje aptariama agresyvumo samprata, galimos agresyvaus elgesio priežastys, įvairios agresyvių reakcijų formos. Pateikiami tyrimo, kuriame dalyvavo 120 penktokų, septintokų ir devintokų, rezultatai. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidžia sąsasjas tarp agresyvaus tėvų elgesio ir vaikų reagavimo į jį. Viena iš agresyvaus elgesio priežasčių yra mokinių ir mokytojų bendravimo problema. Autoritarinė pedagogika įvardinama kaip viena iš agresyvaus mokinių elgesio priežasčių.
Lietuvių tremtinių švietimas pokario Vokietijoje
Authors: Pečkus Kęstutis
Published: April 2019

1944 metų masinio pasitraukimo į Vakarus esmingesnis stimulas buvo gelbėti ne tiktai savo gyvybes, bet ir savo sielas. Daugelis lietuvių tremties ir laikino gyvenimo vieta pasirinko Vokietiją. Pagal tarptautinės pabėgėlių globos organizacijos IRO (lnternational Refugee Organization) duomenis, 1946 m lapkričio 1 dieną Sąjungininkų padalintos Vokietijos amerikiečių, anglų ir prancūzų zonose gyveno per 60 tūkst. lietuvių. Amerikiečių zonoje 1945-1946, pirmaisiais mokslo tremtyje metais, veikė 31 vaikų darželis, 46 pradinės mokyklos, 8 progimnazijos ir 10 gimnazijų, jas lankė 4826 vaikai ir jaunuoliai. Šiose ugdymo įstaigose dirbo 593 mokytojai. Straipsnyje analizuojama lietuvių egzodo švietimo įstaigų veiklą. 1948 m. birželio 25 d. JAV kongresas priėmė Diplaced Persons Act (Aktas dėl tremtinių), kuriuo leido per 300 tūkst. svetimšalių atvykti nuolat gyventi į šią valstybę. Šiuo aktu prasidėjo pokario lietuvių emigracija – šį kartą į Ameriką.
Džono Diuji pedagoginė sistema
Authors: Valatkienė Stasė
Published: April 2019

Džonas Diuji (John Dewey, 1859-1952) – vienas žymiausių naujosios, „aktyviosios" mokyklos šalininkų, vadinamosios veiklos pedagogikos atstovų Amerikoje. Pragmatinės filosofijos ir psichologijos pagrindu jis sukūrė pragmatinę pedagogiką. Straipsnyje trumpai aprašomas Diuji gyvenimas, jo mokslinių interesų spektras. Pateikiama Diuji sukurta ikimokyklinio, jaunesnio ir vyresniojo mokyklinio amžiaus vaikų charakteristika, aprašomos jo pažiūros į vaikų charakterio bruožų vystymąsi. Straipsnyje teigiama, jog Diuji, kaip kraštutinis pedocentrizmo atslovas, visą savo mokymo teoriją grindžia vien vaiko interesais, asmenine jo patirtimi (interesas – tai viso pedagoginio proc.eso kertinis akmuo). Mokyklos uždavinys – skatinti spontanišką vaiko vystymąsi, jo prigimtį, interesus, sugebėjimus. Kaip jau minėta, Diuji daug dėmesio skiria pedagoginės sociologijos klausimams. Į mokyklą jis žiūri kaip į socialinį organizmą, teigia ją esant tokia universalia jėga, kuri padės išspręsti svarbiausius sodalinius konfliktus. Taigi, Dž. Diuji, sukūrė teoriją tapusią kitų mokymo sistemų pagrindu. Šios sistemos toliau plėtojo mokymo individualizavimo, diferencijavimo ir aktyvinimo idėjas, radusias atgarsį ir Lietuvoje.
Lietuvių mokyklos perkeltųjų asmenų stovyklose Vokietijoje 1945-1950 metais
Authors: Montvilaitė Sigita
Published: April 2019

Straipsnyje aptariamas lietuvių švietimas emigracijoje. Jokiuose kituose pasaulio kraštuose, net ir demokratiškiausiuose, lietuviai išeiviai neturėjo autonomiškai organizuotos švietimo sistemos. O štai Vokietijoje, tiksliau JAV, Britų ir Prancūzijos administruojamose okupacinėse zonose, buvo sukurta lietuviškų mokyklų sistema, apėmusi daugiapakopį švietimą: vaikų darželius, pradžios mokyklas, progimnazijas ir gimnazijas, specialias mokyklas ir kursus, aukštąjį mokslą. Žinant, kad švietimo organizavimas tremtyje negalėjo būti nei planingas, nei koordinuotas, reikia džiaugtis visų, taigi ir pedagogų talkininkų, įnašu. Švietimo darbo pagrindą tremties pradžioje sudarė Lietuvoje veikusieji įstatymai ir mokymo programos. Buvo galvojama, kad čia pradėtą mokslą jaunimui teks užbaigti Lietuvoje, todėl ir vadovautasi Lietuvos Respublikos 1939 m. patvirtintomis programomis ir mokymo planais. Aukščiausias organas, tvarkantis švietimo reikalus tremtyje, buvo Švietimo valdyba. Pagal savo funkcijas ji prilygo švietimo ministerijai. Švietimo valdyba nustatinėjo mokslo metų pradžią ir pabaigą, skyrė ir atleido mokyklų vadovus, mokytojus, keitė mokymo planus, programas.
Pedagogas Vincas Ruzgas
Authors: Bernotas Vytautas
Published: April 2019

Straipsnyje pristatomas žymaus kultūros ir švietimo veikėjo Vinco Ruzgo (1890-1972) pedagoginis palikimas, analizuojama jo pedagoginių idėjų sklaida ir jų aktualumas šiandieninei mokyklai. Parašęs per 650 publikacijų, išleidęs 31 knygą, V. Ruzgas daug dėmesio skyrė didaktikos, vaikų ir suaugusiųjų ugdymo, pedagogikos istorijos, kraštotyros problemoms. Tačiau pagrindinė V. Ruzgo domėjimosi sritis – gamtos mokslų mokymo ir mokymosi metodika. Jo straipsniuose, mokytojams ir mokiniams skirtose metodinėse priemonėse, vadovėliuose buvo pateikiami itin detalūs gamtos mokslų mokymo ir mokymosi metodiniai nurodymai ir praktinio jų realizavimo pavyzdžiai. V. Ruzgas ypač akcentavo savarankiško, tiriamojo darbo svarbą, pabrėžė vertybinius gamtos pažinimo ir gamtosaugos aspektus.