bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Purple urine bag syndrome in an elderly patient from Colombia
Authors: Mondragón-Cardona Alvaro , Jiménez-Canizales Carlos Eduardo , Alzate-Carvajal Verónica , Bastidas-Rivera Fabricio , Sepúlveda-Arias Juan Carlos
Published: July 2015

A 71-year-old woman in a nursing home, with indwelling urinary catheter, bedridden, presented with a purple urine collector bag. The purple urine bag syndrome is a rare condition associated with the metabolism of tryptophan by overgrowth of intestinal bacteria. The purple color is formed by a combination of indigo and indirubin produced as a result of phosphatase and sulfatase enzymatic activity of bacteria on indoxyl sulfate, under alkaline pH of the urine. We present the second case of this syndrome reported in Colombia detailing the management of this rare syndrome associated with urinary tract infection. Several conditions should be considered in the differential diagnose of diseases that cause discoloration of the urine.
Representations of Peronism as totalitarianism in the view of the Socialist Party during a Cold War period in Argentina (1950-1955)
Authors: Artinian Juan Pablo
Published: July 2015

This article analyzes forms of cultural production that opposed Peronism in Argentina between 1950 and 1955 in the context of the Cold War. It focuses on representations created by Argentina’s Socialist Party. This party created a series of discourses opposed to Peronism using local and transnational categories that were framed by the country’s own view of the Cold War. The Socialist Party used these discourses to stigmatize Perón’s Argentina as a species of totalitarian state. This article sought to go beyond the traditional perspectives of Cold War historiography, whose focus is on diplomatic and military history and the bulk of whose analysis is devoted to dissecting the United States’ attempts to establish hegemony over Latin America or to describing the phenomenon of justicialismo’s “third position.” This article, on the other hand, sought to use cultural analysis to explore Latin America’s own agency in its adoption of language pertaining to the early Cold War period. Socialists crafted a stylized, and sometimes exaggerated, discourse in which imagery belonging to fascism and, to a lesser extent, Stalinism after the rise of the Iron Curtain, was combined with the local figure of nineteenth century governor Juan Manuel de Rosas.
An Immersed Interface Method for Axisymmetric Electrohydrodynamic Simulations in Stokes flow
Authors: Nganguia H. , Young Y.-N. , Layton A. T. , Hu W.-F. , Lai M.-C.
Published: July 2015

A numerical scheme based on the immersed interface method (IIM) is developed to simulate the dynamics of an axisymmetric viscous drop under an electric field. In this work, the IIM is used to solve both the fluid velocity field and the electric potential field. Detailed numerical studies on the numerical scheme show a second-order convergence. Moreover, our numerical scheme is validated by the good agreement with previous analytical models, and numerical results from the boundary integral simulations. Our method can be extended to Navier-Stokes fluid flow with nonlinear inertia effects.
An assessment of the stray light in 25 years of Dobson total ozone data at Athens, Greece
Authors: Christodoulakis J. , Varotsos C. , Cracknell A. P. , Tzanis C. , Neofytos A.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of the Dobson spectrophotometer No. 118 to stray light interference. In this regard, a series of total ozone content measurements were carried out in Athens, Greece for air-mass values (μ) extending up to μ = 5. The monochromatic-heterochromatic stray light derived by Basher's model was used in order to evaluate the specific instrumental parameters which determine if this instrument suffers from this problem or not. The results obtained indicate that the measurements made by the Dobson instrument of the Athens station for air mass values up to 2.5, underestimates the total ozone content by 3.5 DU in average, or about 1 % of the station's mean total ozone content (TOC). The comparison of the values of the same parameters measured 15 years ago with the present ones indicates the good maintenance of the Dobson spectrophotometer No. 118. This fact is of crucial importance because the variability of the daily total ozone observations collected by the Athens Dobson Station since 1989 has proved to be representative to the variability of the mean total ozone observed over the whole mid-latitude zone of the Northern Hemisphere. This stresses the point that the Athens total ozone station, being the unique Dobson station in south-eastern Europe, may be assumed as a ground truth station for the reliable conversion of the satellite radiance observations to total ozone measurements.
How much does weather control fire size and intensity in the Mediterranean region?
Authors: Hernandez C. , Drobinski P. , Turquety S.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. This study investigates the synoptic conditions favorable to wildfires in the Mediterranean region, in terms of fire intensity and burnt area. As reported in the literature, Mediterranean large wildfires are associated with a blocking situation. However, this study shows the existence of two types of wildfires controlled by the blocking high intensity: (1) fast build-up of a weak blocking produces intense wildfires associated with strong winds which allow propagation over long distances; (2) longer build-up of strong blocking situation produces less intense wildfires associated with weaker winds which also propagate over long distances. Another major step forward of this study in the understanding of the drivers of those wildfires is the evidence of a perfect match between the period of wildfire activity and the persistence of the favorable synoptic conditions: the wildfire activity starts at the onset of the blocking situation and ends with the transition to a less favorable synoptic weather pattern. Such strong control of the wildfire activity by the concomitant weather is a very promising result regarding fire risk management, especially considering the accidental nature of the Mediterranean wildfires.
Reviews and Syntheses: optical sampling of the flux tower footprint
Authors: Gamon J. A.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. The purpose of this review is to address the reasons and methods for conducting optical remote sensing within the flux tower footprint. Fundamental principles and conclusions gleaned from over 2 decades of proximal remote sensing at flux tower sites are reviewed. The organizing framework used here is the light-use efficiency (LUE) model, both because it is widely used, and because it provides a useful theoretical construct for integrating optical remote sensing with flux measurements. Multiple ways of driving this model, ranging from meteorological measurements to remote sensing, have emerged in recent years, making it a convenient conceptual framework for comparative experimental studies. New interpretations of established optical sampling methods, including the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), are discussed within the context of the LUE model. Multi-scale analysis across temporal and spatial axes is a central theme because such scaling can provide links between ecophysiological mechanisms detectable at the level of individual organisms and broad patterns emerging at larger scales, enabling evaluation of emergent properties and extrapolation to the flux footprint and beyond. Proper analysis of the sampling scale requires an awareness of sampling context that is often essential to the proper interpretation of optical signals. Additionally, the concept of optical types, vegetation exhibiting contrasting optical behavior in time and space, is explored as a way to frame our understanding of the controls on surface–atmosphere fluxes. Complementary normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and PRI patterns across ecosystems are offered as an example of this hypothesis, with the LUE model and light-response curve providing an integrating framework. I conclude that experimental approaches allowing systematic exploration of plant optical behavior in the context of the flux tower network provides a unique way to improve our understanding of environmental constraints and ecophysiological function. In addition to an enhanced mechanistic understanding of ecosystem processes, this integration of remote sensing with flux measurements offers many rich opportunities for upscaling, satellite validation, and informing practical management objectives ranging from assessing ecosystem health and productivity to quantifying biospheric carbon sequestration.
Storage and transformation of organic matter fractions in cryoturbated permafrost soils across the Siberian Arctic
Authors: Gentsch N. , Mikutta R. , Alves R. J. E. , Barta J. , Čapek P. , Gittel A. , Hugelius G. , Kuhry P. , Lashchinskiy N. , Palmtag J. , Richter A. , Šantrůčková H. , Schnecker J. , Shibistova O. , Urich T. , Wild B. , Guggenberger G.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. In permafrost soils, the temperature regime and the resulting cryogenic processes are important determinants of the storage of organic carbon (OC) and its small-scale spatial variability. For cryoturbated soils, there is a lack of research assessing pedon-scale heterogeneity in OC stocks and the transformation of functionally different organic matter (OM) fractions, such as particulate and mineral-associated OM. Therefore, pedons of 28 Turbels were sampled in 5 m wide soil trenches across the Siberian Arctic to calculate OC and total nitrogen (TN) stocks based on digital profile mapping. Density fractionation of soil samples was performed to distinguish between particulate OM (light fraction, LF, < 1.6 g cm−3), mineral associated OM (heavy fraction, HF, > 1.6 g cm−3), and a mobilizable dissolved pool (mobilizable fraction, MoF). Across all investigated soil profiles, the total OC storage was 20.2 ± 8.0 kg m−2 (mean ± SD) to 100 cm soil depth. Fifty-four percent of this OC was located in the horizons of the active layer (annual summer thawing layer), showing evidence of cryoturbation, and another 35 % was present in the upper permafrost. The HF-OC dominated the overall OC stocks (55 %), followed by LF-OC (19 % in mineral and 13 % in organic horizons). During fractionation, approximately 13 % of the OC was released as MoF, which likely represents a readily bioavailable OM pool. Cryogenic activity in combination with cold and wet conditions was the principle mechanism through which large OC stocks were sequestered in the subsoil (16.4 ± 8.1 kg m−2; all mineral B, C, and permafrost horizons). Approximately 22 % of the subsoil OC stock can be attributed to LF material subducted by cryoturbation, whereas migration of soluble OM along freezing gradients appeared to be the principle source of the dominant HF (63 %) in the subsoil. Despite the unfavourable abiotic conditions, low C / N ratios and high δ13C values indicated substantial microbial OM transformation in the subsoil, but this was not reflected in altered LF and HF pool sizes. Partial least-squares regression analyses suggest that OC accumulates in the HF fraction due to co-precipitation with multivalent cations (Al, Fe) and association with poorly crystalline iron oxides and clay minerals. Our data show that, across all permafrost pedons, the mineral-associated OM represents the dominant OM fraction, suggesting that the HF-OC is the OM pool in permafrost soils on which changing soil conditions will have the largest impact.
Effects of soil depth on the dynamics of selected soil properties among the highlands resources of Northeast Wollega, Ethiopia: are these sign of degradation?
Authors: Adugna A. , Abegaz A.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. This study was conducted with an aim to analyze the spatial variability of soil properties with depth under four prominent land use patterns viz., forestland, grazing land, cultivated land and bush land of Northeast Wollega. Soil samples were collected from the land uses at two depths (0–15 and 15–30 cm) in replicates and totally 40 composite soil samples were collected. Statistical analysis revealed significant variation in soil properties with along the selected land uses. Topsoil layer had significantly greater OM, TN, AP, sand, silt, Mg2+, K+ and Mg2+ concentrations than the subsoil layers. However, clay under all land uses and CEC under bush land and grazing land revealed reverse trends. Organic matter and CEC have stronger correlations with most of soil properties in the topsoil than in the subsoil while clay has no significant correlation with selected soil properties except with sand fraction in the sampled depths. Hence, the correlation among the selected soil properties also varies with soil depth. In general, the spatial variability of soil properties indicates that they were strongly affected by external factors (agricultural treatments and soil management practices) and internal factors (soil type and depth).
Conceptual approach to understanding and exploring the cultural meaning of computer according to Jeffrey Alexander
Authors: Borandegi Badri , Rabbani Ali
Published: July 2015

Human phenomena are Significant and all works that are created by humans can carry meaning. These meanings are cultural constructs. Understanding of these meanings is the task of cultural sociology. The main goal of the cultural sociology is to show aspects of the collective unconsciousness. This result is based on unconscious cultural structures that lead society to the ideas of the Enlightenment. However, the process of understanding may change, but the structure does not break apart because Society cannot survive without these structures.

In this research, we ask one question: “what is cultural meaning of Computer based on cultural sociology theory of Jeffrey C. Alexander”? This study seeks to determine the cultural meaning of computer with Knowledge and method of cultural sociology; also we try to understand symbols, codes and narratives about computer according to Alexander.

According to Alexander, computers were coded as good or sacred since its entry into the west public sphere and were presented the good narrative from it, such as salvation narrative, eschatology narrative and Apocalypse narrative. But gradually, the good times ended and the dark side of the computer crash on human and romantic story with computer showed its pathological aspects. Gradually the cultural meaning of computer was different in social life in the West. Computers were coded as an aspect of evil. Population gradually saw the computers as unholy or profane. Computers became the Frankenstein monster in West.
Utdanning av lærere for det nordlige Norge: De tidlige institusjoner i Trondheim 1717–1732
Authors: Skjelmo Randi
Published: July 2015

Educating Teachers for Northern Norway – the Institutions in Trondheim 1717–1732

In this article I will give an account of the seminaries between 1717 and 1732 in the cathedral city of Trondheim, Norway. Key questions that the article seeks to answer are who initiated and supported these seminars, and also how they were organized and how staff and seminarians were recruited. Seminarium Scholasticum was initiated by the Danish Society for promoting Christian knowledge (Misjonskollegiet) in Copenhagen. The seminary was located at the Cathedral school in Trondheim and the seminarians were also students here. The purpose of Seminarium Scholasticum was to educate missionaries, catechists and teachers for the Sami population in the northern county of Finnmark. The seminary also served as a pre-school for the University of Copenhagen. Seminarium Domesticum was a private seminary instigated by Thomas von Westen and located in his home in Trondheim. His wealthy wife, Anna von Westen, assisted him and paid the expenses. The two institutions represented two different educational paths. Whilst the prior qualified for positions as missionaries, catechists and teachers, von Westen’s seminary qualified for post as assistants for catechists and teachers.
Excitatory and inhibitory innervation of the mouse orofacial motor nuclei: A stereological study
Authors: Faunes Macarena , Oñate‐Ponce Alejandro , Fernández‐Collemann Sara , Henny Pablo
Published: July 2015

Neurons in the trigeminal (Mo5), facial (Mo7), ambiguus (Amb), and hypoglossal (Mo12) motor nuclei innervate jaw, facial, pharynx/larynx/esophagus, and tongue muscles, respectively. They are essential for movements subserving feeding, exploration of the environment, and social communication. These neurons are largely controlled by sensory afferents and premotor neurons of the reticular formation, where central pattern generator circuits controlling orofacial movements are located. To provide a description of the orofacial nuclei of the adult mouse and to ascertain the influence of excitatory and inhibitory afferents upon them, we used stereology to estimate the number of motoneurons as well as of varicosities immunopositive for glutamate (VGluT1+, VGluT2+) and GABA/glycine (known as VIAAT+ or VGAT+) vesicular transporters in the Mo5, Mo7, Amb, and Mo12. Mo5, Mo7, Amb, and Mo12 contain ∼1,000, ∼3,000, ∼600, and ∼1,700 cells, respectively. VGluT1+, VGluT2+, and VIAAT+ varicosities respectively represent: 28%, 41%, and 31% in Mo5; 2%, 49%, and 49% in Mo7; 12%, 42%, and 46% in Amb; and 4%, 54%, and 42% in Mo12. The Mo5 jaw‐closing subdivision shows the highest VGluT1+ innervation. Noticeably, the VGluT2+ and VIAAT+ varicosity density in Mo7 is 5‐fold higher than in Mo5 and 10‐fold higher than in Amb and Mo12. The high density of terminals in Mo7 likely reflects the convergence and integration of numerous inputs to motoneurons subserving the wide range of complex behaviors to which this nucleus contributes. Also, somatic versus neuropil location of varicosities suggests that most of these afferents are integrated in the dendritic trees of Mo7 neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:738–758, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolutionary Conservation of the Early Axon Scaffold in the Vertebrate Brain
Authors: Ware Michelle , Dupé Valérie , Schubert Frank R.
Published: July 2015

The early axon scaffold is the first axonal structure to appear in the rostral brain of vertebrates, paving the way for later, more complex connections. Several early axon scaffold components are conserved between all vertebrates; most notably two main ventral longitudinal tracts, the tract of the postoptic commissure and the medial longitudinal fascicle. While the overall structure is remarkably similar, differences both in the organization and the development of the early tracts are apparent. This review will bring together extensive data from the last 25 years in different vertebrates and for the first time, the timing and anatomy of these early tracts have been directly compared. Representatives of major vertebrate clades, including cat shark, Xenopus, chick, and mouse embryos, will be compared using immunohistochemistry staining based on previous results. There is still confusion over the nomenclature and homology of these tracts which this review will aim to address. The discussion here is relevant both for understanding the evolution of the early axon scaffold and for future studies into the molecular regulation of its formation. Developmental Dynamics 244:1202–1214, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dry‐cured loin from the native pig breed Chato murciano with high unsaturated fatty acid content undergoes intense lipolysis of neutral and polar lipids during processing
Authors: Salazar Eva , Abellán Adela , Cayuela José María , Poto Ángel , Tejada Luis
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the fatty acid levels and lipolysis of dry‐cured loins obtained from the native pig breed Chato murciano during processing to improve the processing technology. The fatty acid composition of neutral lipids (NL), polar lipids (PL), and free fatty acids (FFA) was analyzed in a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. The NL and PL contents decreased by 45 and 75%, respectively, confirming that PL was the fraction most affected by lipolysis. This decrease resulted in a higher level of FFA (80.26%). The concentrations of all the NL and PL fatty acids decreased and the FFA increased (except C14:0 and C20:0). The most affected were C18:2, C18:3, and C20:4, decreasing in NL and PL and increasing in FFA. The concentrations of the different groups of fatty acids depended on the lipid fraction. Thus, the concentrations of the groups of fatty acids were MUFA > SFA > PUFA in NL; SFA > PUFA = MUFA in PL, and MUFA > PUFA = SFA in FFA, at day 60 of processing. Chato murciano dry‐cured loin is characterized by a high MUFA concentration (mainly C18:1) in the NL and FFA fractions, which agrees with the findings made in other native pig breeds.

Practical applications: Characterization of the Chato murciano native pig breed is essential if the processing of meat products of high commercial value is to be improved and to ensure the genuine nature of products. Besides, it is widely held that the consumption of products derived from native pig breeds should not only satisfy consumer demands, but also promote the development of areas where these breeds originate. Previous works described the sensory quality of Chato murciano dry‐cured loin and ham, while greater knowledge of fatty acid composition and lipolysis is necessary. The results obtained may help ascertain the most suitable conditions for processing. Confirmation that Chato murciano dry‐cured loin is a significant source of MUFA compared with the same products obtained from commercial crossbreed genotypes of pigs would increase the attraction of using the breed to obtain derived products.

Evolution of SFA, MUFA and PUFA in neutral lipids (NL), polar lipids (PL), and free fatty acids (FFA) of Chato murciano dry‐cured loin at different days of processing.
Metal‐Free Intramolecular Alkyne‐Azide Cycloaddition To Construct the Pyraz­olo[4,3‐f][1,2,3]triazolo[5,1‐c][1,4]oxazepine Ring System
Authors: Arbačiauskienė Eglė , Laukaitytė Vaida , Holzer Wolfgang , Šačkus Algirdas
Published: July 2015

A simple and efficient synthetic route to a new pyrazolo[4,3‐f][1,2,3]triazolo[5,1‐c][1,4]oxazepine ring system has been developed by employing a metal‐free, intramolecular alkyne‐azide cycloaddition reaction as the key step. The structures of the obtained heterocyclic products were unequivocally confirmed by detailed 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR spectroscopic experiments and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.
IPSCs, a Promising Tool to Restore Muscle Atrophy
Authors: Pareja‐Galeano Helios , Sanchis‐Gomar Fabian , Emanuele Enzo , Gallardo María Esther , Lucia Alejandro
Published: July 2015

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a promising tool for regenerative medicine in chronic conditions associated with muscle atrophy since iPSCs are easier to obtain, pose less ethical limitations and can better capture human genetic diversity compared with human embryonic stem cells. We highlight the potentiality of iPSCs for treating muscle‐affecting conditions for which no effective cure is yet available, notably aging sarcopenia and inherited neurometabolic conditions. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 259–260, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Otolaryngology Needs in a Free Clinic Providing Indigent Care
Authors: Hu Amanda , Sibert Thomas , Zhao Wei , Zarro Vincent
Published: July 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

To determine the otolaryngology needs in a free clinic providing care to medically indigent patients, as perceived by the patients and health care providers.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

A survey was administered to patients and health care providers of a free clinic from September 2014 through January 2015 in an urban, inner‐city location.

Results

One hundred and thirty‐seven patients (35.8% male, age 50.8 ± 13.0 years) completed the survey. Mean household income was $29,838 ± $10,425; 32.1% spoke English; 54.7% were employed; 10.2% had health insurance; and 37.2% had seen a primary care provider outside of the free clinic. The top three otolaryngology symptoms among patients were sleep apnea/snoring (39.4%), heartburn/reflux (30.7%), and dizziness (29.9%). Eleven health care providers (45% male, age 50.5 ± 15.3 years, 63.6% physician, 36% nurse) completed the survey. Providers perceived the following otolaryngology complaints as the most prevalent, in descending order: cough, nasal congestion, reflux/heartburn, sore throat, and ear infection/otalgia. Providers felt that sleep apnea and hearing loss were the less common otolaryngology complaints, whereas surveyed patients indicated these symptoms with high frequency. The most requested diagnostic tool among patients and providers was chest X‐rays.

Conclusion

There are unmet otolaryngology needs in a free clinic. Medically indigent patients have significant barriers to accessing health care. Patient and provider perceptions of top otolaryngology complaints differed, but both identified access to chest X‐rays as a major unmet need. Knowledge of patient perceptions may help providers elicit the breadth of otolaryngology complaints.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 126:1321–1326, 2016
‐symmetry and potentiel well. The simple well case
Authors: Boussekkine Naima , Mecherout Nawal
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we consider ‐symmetric perturbations of a semi‐classical self‐adjoint operator on the real axis in the case of a simple well potential Schrödinger operator. We assume that the potential is analytic and we show that the eigenvalues are left real by the perturbation.
Quantitative assessment of brain iron by R2* relaxometry in patients with cervical dystonia
Authors: Aschermann Zsuzsanna , Perlaki Gabor , Orsi Gergely , Nagy Szilvia Anett , Horvath Andrea , Bone Beata , Bihari Katalin , Acs Peter , Janszky Jozsef , Komoly Samuel , Bogner Peter
Published: July 2015

Background

The pathophysiology of cervical dystonia is poorly understood. Increased brain iron deposition has been described in different movement disorders. Our aim was to investigate brain iron content in patients with cervical dystonia, using R2* relaxation rate, a validated MRI marker of brain iron level.

Methods

Twelve female patients with primary focal cervical dystonia (mean age: 45.4 ± 8.0 years) and 12 age‐matched healthy female subjects (mean age: 45.0 ± 8.0 years) underwent 3T MRI to obtain regional R2* relaxation rates of the thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus (GP). Regions of interest were delineated automatically on T1‐weighted MRIs.

Results

R2* values in the putamen were positively correlated with age. Patients with cervical dystonia showed elevated R2* values in the GP.

Conclusions

This pilot study provides the first quantitative support for increased brain iron deposition in cervical dystonia. Further studies are needed to explore the implications of this finding.
Optimal composite scores for longitudinal clinical trials under the linear mixed effects model
Authors: Ard M. Colin , Raghavan Nandini , Edland Steven D.
Published: July 2015

Clinical trials of chronic, progressive conditions use rate of change on continuous measures as the primary outcome measure, with slowing of progression on the measure as evidence of clinical efficacy. For clinical trials with a single prespecified primary endpoint, it is important to choose an endpoint with the best signal‐to‐noise properties to optimize statistical power to detect a treatment effect. Composite endpoints composed of a linear weighted average of candidate outcome measures have also been proposed. Composites constructed as simple sums or averages of component tests, as well as composites constructed using weights derived from more sophisticated approaches, can be suboptimal, in some cases performing worse than individual outcome measures. We extend recent research on the construction of efficient linearly weighted composites by establishing the often overlooked connection between trial design and composite performance under linear mixed effects model assumptions and derive a formula for calculating composites that are optimal for longitudinal clinical trials of known, arbitrary design. Using data from a completed trial, we provide example calculations showing that the optimally weighted linear combination of scales can improve the efficiency of trials by almost 20% compared with the most efficient of the individual component scales. Additional simulations and analytical results demonstrate the potential losses in efficiency that can result from alternative published approaches to composite construction and explore the impact of weight estimation on composite performance. Copyright © 2016. The Authors. Pharmaceutical Statistics Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Measurement of L subshell fluorescence yields of some rare earth elements using synchrotron radiation
Authors: Krishnananda  , Mirji Santosh , Hosamani Mutturaj , Badiger N. M. , Tiwari M. K. , Lodha G. S.
Published: July 2015

The L subshell fluorescence yields ω1, ω2 and ω3 of Gd, Tb and Ho have been measured using Indus‐2 synchrotron radiation. The L X‐ray photons generated in the elemental targets by 10 and 11 keV synchrotron radiation have been measured using silicon drift detector that has an energy resolution of 130 eV at 5.9 keV. The measured values of ω1, ω2 and ω3 have been compared with theoretical values, semi‐empirical fitted values and other experimental values. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On one-loop corrections in the standard model effective field theory; the Γ(h → γγ) case
Authors: Hartmann Christine , Trott Michael
Published: July 2015

Abstract

We calculate one loop contributions to Γ(h→γγ) from higher dimensional operators in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). Some technical challenges related to determining Electroweak one loop “finite terms” are discussed and overcome. Although we restrict our attention to Γ(h→γγ), several developments we report have broad implications. Firstly, the running of the vacuum expectation value (vev) modifies the log(μ) dependence of processes in a manner that is not captured in some past SMEFT Renormalization Group (RG) calculations. Secondly, higher dimensional operators can source ghost interactions inRξgauges due to a modified gauge fixing procedure. Lastly, higher dimensional operators can contribute with pure finite terms at one loop in a manner that is not anticipated in a RG analysis. These results cast recent speculation on the nature of one loop corrections in the SMEFT in an entirely new light.
Effects of Reading Instruction on Learning Outcomes in Social Studies: A Synthesis of Quantitative Research
Authors: McCulley Lisa V. , Osman David J.
Published: July 2015

Quantitative research studies examining the effects of literacy instruction set in social studies classrooms (grades 6-12) on students’ academic content learning and reading comprehension are synthesized using meta-analytic techniques. An extensive search of the scholarly literature between 1983 and 2013 yielded a total of twelve intervention studies that provided literacy instruction to secondary students within social studies classes and quantitatively measured content learning outcomes, reading comprehension, or both. Findings revealed that content learning outcomes were consistently improved with instruction that included text-processing activities such as summarizing and generating questions. While many social studies teachers do not provide explicit reading supports, in part because they perceive that the time needed to do so is prohibitive, the findings of this synthesis suggest that sound reading practices hold promise as a means through which teachers can help students better access social studies content, thus improving student learning outcomes. More rigorous quantitative research is needed to further understand the causal effects of literacy practices in social studies settings.

Highlights

• Literacy instruction supports both reading comprehension and academic content • Literacy instruction does not negatively affect content knowledge acquisition. • Few studies investigate the effects of literacy instruction in social studies. • More research is needed to explore the effects of literacy instruction in social studies.
A model supersonic buried-nozzle jet: instability and acoustic wave scattering and the far-field sound
Authors: Samanta Arnab , Freund Jonathan B.
Published: July 2015

We consider sound source mechanisms involving the acoustic and instability modes of dual-stream isothermal supersonic jets with the inner nozzle buried within an outer shroud-like nozzle. A particular focus is scattering into radiating sound waves at the shroud lip. For such jets, several families of acoustically coupled instability waves exist, beyond the regular vortical Kelvin–Helmholtz mode, with different shapes and propagation characteristics, which can therefore affect the character of the radiated sound. In our model, the coaxial shear layers are vortex sheets while the incident acoustic disturbances are the propagating shroud modes. The Wiener–Hopf method is used to compute their scattering at the sharp shroud edge to obtain the far-field radiation. The resulting far-field directivity quantifies the acoustic efficiency of different mechanisms, which is particularly important in the upstream direction, where the results show that the scattered sound is more intense than that radiated directly by the shear-layer modes.
Hydrodynamically locked morphogenesis in karst and ice flutings
Authors: Camporeale C.
Published: July 2015

Two of the most widespread and fascinating patterns observed on cave walls and icefalls – karst and ice flutings – are demonstrated to share the same morphogenesis, whose core is a water film-induced locking mechanism. Creeping flow-based parallel and non-parallel stability analyses are developed through a numerical and analytical approach. These instabilities are shown to develop at inverted overhung conditions. A sharp transition between fluting and ripple-like patterns is presented. The non-parallel problem is solved with the use of Papkovich–Neuber solutions in order to obtain a finite wavelength selection close to the critical conditions. The method and results can be extended to similar problems where the temporal evolution of the interface is linearly related to the film depth.
High Stakes and Persistent Challenges – A Rejoinder to Klabbers and Augsberg
Authors: HOLTERMANN JAKOB V. H. , MADSEN MIKAEL RASK
Published: July 2015

In this separate rejoinder to Jan Klabbers' and Ino Augsberg's comments to the articles in the symposium on New Legal Realism in International Law (Leiden Journal of International Law, Volume 28:2, 2015), we respond from the point of view of the European New Legal Realism (ENLR) as propounded in our initial contribution to the symposium. Agreeing with Ingo Venzke who wrote in his introduction to the symposium that ‘stakes are high’ in the debate over international law and methodology, we argue that both Klabbers and Augsberg, each in their own way, fail to take sufficiently seriously the ENLR challenge to doctrinal scholarship. We argue that Klabbers underestimates the evergreen and persistent character of this challenge when he portrays the current push for New Legal Realism as merely a whimsy fashion wave. And we argue that Augsberg's essentially Kelsenian defence of doctrinal scholarship is insufficiently robust because it inherits the excess epistemological liberalism of its underlying Neo-Kantianism.
Human Rights in Customary Law: An Attempt to Define Some of the Issues
Authors: THIRLWAY HUGH
Published: July 2015

Prepared as a working paper for the International Law Commission, this article discusses whether there can be said to be a general customary law of human rights, or whether any such customary law might be of a special nature.
Depression, patient characteristics, and attachment style: correlates and mediators of medication treatment adherence in a racially diverse primary care sample
Authors: Hooper Lisa M. , Tomek Sara , Roter Debra , Carson Kathryn A. , Mugoya George , Cooper Lisa A.
Published: July 2015

Background

The depth and breadth of problems related to depressive symptomatology and optimal treatment outcomes, including medication treatment adherence, have long been documented in the literature. Missing are clear explanations as to what factors and patient characteristics may account for lack of medication treatment adherence.

Objectives

The two objectives of the current study were to examine the predictive strength of depression, patient characteristics, and patient attachment style regarding medication treatment adherence and to consider the extent to which attachment styles mediate the relation between depression and medication treatment adherence.

Method

Participants in the present study were 237 racially diverse American primary care patients with a diagnosis of hypertension who were participants in a clinical trial. Depression, patient characteristics, attachment style, and medication treatment adherence were assessed.

Results

Partly consistent with our four hypotheses, the following results were found: (a) Black American, younger, never married, and poorer patients had lower medication treatment adherence (b) depression was significantly associated with lower self-reported medication adherence; (c) insecure–dismissing attachment style was related to lower medication adherence; and (d) insecure–dismissing attachment style mediates the relation between depression and medication treatment adherence by exacerbating the negative association.

Conclusion

Physicians and other primary care providers should consider how depressive symptomatology, patient characteristics, and attachment style may inform the treatment plans they put forward and the extent to which patients may adhere to those treatment plans.
Group exercise and self-management for older adults with osteoarthritis: a feasibility study
Authors: Patel Shilpa , Heine Peter J , Ellard David R , Underwood Martin
Published: July 2015

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common condition expected to be the fourth leading cause of disability by the year 2020. Treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is problematic in older adults (>75 years) where the presence of comorbidities is more prevalent. Exercise has been recommended irrespective of age and comorbidity. The purpose of this project was to develop a combined exercise and self-management intervention to help older adults with OA to manage their comorbidities.

Methods

Literature reviews were conducted to inform the development of an intervention followed by a pilot study to assess feasibility and test outcome measures. Participant interviews and session observation were used to evaluate the pilot study.

Results

Evidence from the literature reviews suggested that a combined intervention consisting of behavioural change/self-management education and exercise was the most appropriate. Each component was developed and then tested as a combined package in a pilot study which comprised 12 sessions delivered over six weeks. Four males and six females aged between 75 and 92 years took part. The average attendance was 89%. Most participants reported some benefit and satisfaction with the programme along with changes in physical ability. The majority of participants continued with some form of exercise at three months.

Conclusion

The intervention was well received and has encouraged 80% of participants to continue exercising after the programme. The small but positive changes seen in comorbidities, benefit of the intervention, satisfaction and general health are promising. Randomised controlled trial evidence of effectiveness and cost effectiveness is needed before such interventions can be recommended.
Antiviral Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomers are Protective against Chikungunya Virus Infection on Cell-based and Murine Models
Authors: Lam Shirley , Chen Huixin , Chen Caiyun Karen , Min Nyo , Chu Justin Jang Hann
Published: July 2015

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection in human is associated with debilitating and persistent arthralgia and arthritis. Currently, there is no specific vaccine or effective antiviral available. Anti-CHIKV Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomer (CPMO) was evaluated for its antiviral efficacy and cytotoxcity in human cells and neonate murine model. Two CPMOs were designed to block translation initiation of a highly conserved sequence in CHIKV non-structural and structural polyprotein, respectively. Pre-treatment of HeLa cells with CPMO1 signficantly suppressed CHIKV titre, CHIKV E2 protein expression and prevented CHIKV-induced CPE. CPMO1 activity was also CHIKV-specific as shown by the lack of cross-reactivity against SINV or DENV replication. When administered prophylactically in neonate mice, 15 μg/g CPMO1v conferred 100% survival against CHIKV disease. In parallel, these mice demonstrated significant reduction in viremia and viral load in various tissues. Immunohistological examination of skeletal muscles and liver of CPMO1v-treated mice also showed healthy tissue morphology, in contrast to evident manifestation of CHIKV pathogenesis in PBS- or scrambled sCPMO1v-treated groups. Taken together, our findings highlight for the first time that CPMO1v has strong protective effect against CHIKV infection. This warrants future development of morpholino as an alternative antiviral agent to address CHIKV infection in clinical applications.
Preparation of a porous polymer monolithic column with an ionic liquid as a porogen and its applications for the separation of small molecules in high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Wang Jiafei , Jiang Xiaoya , Zhang Hang , Liu Sha , Bai Ligai , Liu Haiyan
Published: July 2015

A monolith based on an ionic liquid as a porogen was prepared to enhance the column efficiency of small molecule separation in HPLC.
Electrochemically triggered release of human insulin from an insulin-impregnated reduced graphene oxide modified electrode
Authors: Teodorescu Florina , Rolland Laure , Ramarao Viswanatha , Abderrahmani Amar , Mandler Daniel , Boukherroub Rabah , Szunerits Sabine
Published: July 2015

An electrochemical insulin-delivery system based on reduced graphene oxide impregnated with insulin is described.
Half-metallic and magnetic properties in nonmagnetic element embedded graphitic carbon nitride sheets
Authors: Meng Bo , Xiao Wen-zhi , Wang Ling-ling , Yue Li , Zhang Song , Zhang Hong-yun
Published: July 2015

The B- and Al-doped triazine-based g-C3N4 monolayers exhibit long-range half-metallic ferromagnetic order, and are potential candidates for spintronics applications.
An unusual density evolution between SrCdB2O5polymorphs
Authors: Zhang Xingwen , Zhou Zhengyang , Wu Hongping , Pan Shilie , Lei Chen , Liu Lu , Yang Zhihua
Published: July 2015

A new SrCdB2O5phase (β-SrCdB2O5) has been discovered and an unusual density phenomenon between SrCdB2O5polymorphs has been investigated in detail. Furthermore, the Pb2+-doped compounds, PbxSr1−xCdB2O5(x= 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, 0.5), have also been investigated by powder refinement.
Cellulose nanomaterials: life cycle risk assessment, and environmental health and safety roadmap
Authors: Shatkin Jo Anne , Kim Baram
Published: July 2015

Cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) derived from wood fibers are renewable materials with wide applicability for use in consumer products as a bio-based composite material and have the potential to replace petroleum-based materials in many existing and novel applications.
High activity of aluminated bifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles for cumene hydrocracking and measurement of molar absorption coefficient
Authors: Sazegar Mohammad Reza , Triwahyono Sugeng , Jalil Aishah Abdul , Mukti Rino R. , Mohaghegh Seyed Mohammad Seyed , Aziz Madzlan
Published: July 2015

Pt/HAlMSN synthesized with Si/Al ratios = 7–50 showed high activity in cumene hydrocracking due to the Brønsted and Lewis acid sites.
Total synthesis of the natural product EBC-329
Authors: Thombal Raju S. , Jadhav Vrushali H.
Published: July 2015

The first total synthesis of an anti-leukemic diterpene natural product EBC-329 (1) has been accomplished starting from readily available 6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione (7). An efficient and general approach has been reported for the synthesis of EBC-329 in 13 steps with an overall yield of 10%.
Surfactant-mediated morphology and fluorescent properties of amino acids-based lanthanide coordination polymers
Authors: Tan Hongliang , Li Qian , Ma Chanjiao , Lu Zhang-Hui , Fu Zheng , Xu Fugang
Published: July 2015

The morphologies and fluorescent properties of Phe/Tb CPs can be mediated by surfactants with different characteristics.
Perinatal inflammation: a common factor in the early origins of cardiovascular disease?
Authors: Nguyen Maria U. , Wallace Megan J. , Pepe Salvatore , Menheniott Trevelyan R. , Moss Timothy J. , Burgner David
Published: July 2015

Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Traditional risk factors account for only part of the attributable risk. The origins of atherosclerosis are in early life, a potential albeit largely unrecognized window of opportunity for early detection and treatment of subclinical cardiovascular disease. There are robust epidemiological data indicating that poor intrauterine growth and/or prematurity, and perinatal factors such as maternal hypercholesterolaemia, smoking, diabetes and obesity, are associated with adverse cardiovascular intermediate phenotypes in childhood and adulthood. Many of these early-life risk factors result in a heightened inflammatory state. Inflammation is a central mechanism in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, but few studies have investigated the role of overt perinatal infection and inflammation (chorioamnionitis) as a potential contributor to cardiovascular risk. Limited evidence from human and experimental models suggests an association between chorioamnionitis and cardiac and vascular dysfunction. Early life inflammatory events may be an important mechanism in the early development of cardiovascular risk and may provide insights into the associations between perinatal factors and adult cardiovascular disease. This review aims to summarise current data on the early life origins of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, with particular focus on perinatal inflammation.
Demand side management: A green way to power Beijing
Authors: Zhao Zhijun , Yu Can , Yew Mona , Liu Mingming
Published: July 2015

As a Demand Side Management (DSM) PilotCity, one of four in China, Beijing set an ambitious goal to reduce its peak electricity load by 800 MW over a three-year period from 2013 to 2015. The Beijing Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Center and Natural Resources Defense Council formed an EcoPartnership in July 2013 to help Beijing achieve this goal by building the DSM implementation capacity within the city. With support from the EcoPartners, the city of Beijing has developed a policy support framework for DSM, launched the DSM Service Platform, and created an electricity services and third party demand response aggregator market. In addition, the EcoPartnership provided opportunities for U.S. service providers to participate in Beijing's nascent DSM market, including sharing program design concepts and implementation models, and developing potential collaboration with local enterprises. DSM is becoming a viable alternative to traditional supply side resources for fulfilling Beijing's power demands in a green and economically efficient way.