bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tackling health inequalities through asset-based approaches, co-production and empowerment: ticking consultation boxes or meaningful engagement with diverse, disadvantaged communities?
Authors: Andrade Marisa de
Published: June 2016

‘Empowerment’ and ‘engagement’ are regulatory responses to tackling health inequalities. This paper explores how communities and practitioners are engaging with co-produced, person-centred, assetbased approaches in real-life settings through 35 semi-structured interviews alongside a six-month ethnography in an ethnically diverse, disadvantaged Scottish neighbourhood. Iterative analysis identified emergent themes. Deductive, theoretical analysis followed using the CHOICE (capacity building, human rights, organizational sustainability, institutional accountability, contribution, enabling environment) framework linking community empowerment and health equity. Assetbased methodological and evaluative issues; views on individual choice versus structural drivers of inequalities; and asset-based approaches through the lens of human rights and social justice are discussed.
‘It depends what you class as vulnerable’: risk discourse and the framing of vulnerability in health visiting policy and practice
Authors: King Caroline
Published: June 2016

Policy change, a decade ago, saw a shift towards a more targeted health visiting service, focused on supporting vulnerable families. Health visitors, similar to child and family nurses in other countries, work with families with young children. In this article I draw on a study that explored the policy shift described, to critically examine the framing of vulnerability in health visiting practice. The article is informed by analysis of interviews with 16 health visitors and 20 mothers, as well as my own reflexive account as a mother. The findings suggest that health visitors’ practice is both shaped by a risk discourse and that they resist this discourse; and that a risk discourse can act to silence vulnerabilities for mothers. As health visiting continues to evolve, a reframing of how vulnerability is enacted within health visiting could prove a difficult, yet, important, move in the provision of family support.
The pathways of Lisbon metropolization: Focusing on residential trajectories
Authors: Pereira Sandra Marques , Ferreira Ana Cristina
Published: June 2016

Metropolization has been studied essentially through census analysis. Despite its incontestable interest, it presents an ‘interrupted’ portrait of reality that omits the continuous aspect of metropolitan development. Moreover, the focus is placed predominantly on territories and their demographic evolution rather than on households. To overcome these shortcomings, the project ‘Residential Trajectories and Metropolization: Continuities and Changes in Lisbon Metropolitan Area’ focuses on households as the main protagonists of spatial structuring processes. It aims to reconstitute the trajectories of Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA) inhabitants (born between 1945 and 1975) by means of a life course approach. Housing stability is an important finding, but should not be understood as a Portuguese peculiarity. Moreover, it is important to underline the great heterogeneity of each trajectory, both in terms of their protagonists and their meanings. Either within ‘centrifugal’ and ‘province’ trajectories we found four ‘similar’ sub-groups: pioneers, modern families, the established and the socially vulnerable. Their similarities are, however, essentially formal and their distribution is quite different concerning the two trajectories.
Residential mobility in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region during the present economic crisis
Authors: Pujadas Rúbies Isabel , López Villanueva Cristina , Bayona-I-Carrasco Jordi
Published: June 2016

These last few years, the Barcelona metropolitan region has had two main distinct residential mobility flows, each defining their own spatial patterns. On the one hand, there has been one made by Spanish people who, since the late 1970s, have been moving from the dense metropolitan centre towards its periphery where they can find medium-sized towns and small municipalities to which they are attracted. On the other hand, since the early twenty-first century there has also been that of foreigners moving from Barcelona to the neighbouring central cities. This article analyses recent intensity and spatial pattern changes due to the economic and housing market crises. Focusing on the 2009–2012 period, it compares two previous decades from 1988–2008. Our main hypothesis is that in recent years the flows have slightly diminished but they have had a stronger geographic impact as spatial trends existing before the economic crisis have blurred.
Cognitive load in intralingual and interlingual respeaking – a preliminary study
Authors: Szarkowska Agnieszka , Krejtz Krzysztof , Dutka Łukasz , Pilipczuk Olga
Published: June 2016

In this paper we present preliminary results of the study on the cognitive load in intralingual and interlingual respeaking. We tested 57 subjects from three groups: interpreters, translators and controls while respeaking 5-minute videos in two language combinations: Polish to Polish (intralingual) and English to Polish (interlingual). Using two measures of cognitive load: self-report and EEG (Emotiv), we found that in most cases cognitive load was higher in interlingual respeaking. Self-reported mental effort that the participants had to expend to complete the respeaking tasks was lower in the group of interpreters, suggesting some parallels between interpreting and respeaking competences. EEG measures showed significant differences between respeaking tasks and experimental groups in cognitive load over time.
The Endgame of Telecommunications Policy? A Survey
Authors: Vogelsang Ingo
Published: June 2016

Telecommunications policy has come a long way from regulation of vertically integrated monopolies to the current state of competition. As competition becomes self-sustainable, will telecommunications policy in the form of industry-specific regulation go away or, if not, what form will it take? The economics literature suggests that the regulatory efficiency frontier is shifted by new technological and market developments, such as convergence of networks, fixed-mobile substitution (and integration) and next generation access networks. The frontier is also affected by the existing capital stock and other physical and institutional characteristics of a country. The insights from a review of the theoretical and empirical literature are applied to five policy areas. They are: (1) termination monopoly; (2) local bottleneck access; (3) net neutrality; (4) spectrum management; and (5) universal service. While in some of them, deregulation and a move to competition policy will soon be the efficient state of the art, regulation will remain efficient in others for some time. Deregulation will likely become efficient for one-way access and universal service, with the exception of some universal service policies in remote areas and for the poor. Termination will move to bill and keep with a duty to interconnect. In addition, some (more symmetric) regulation should persist for net neutrality in the form of transparency requirements, (quasi-) common carrier obligations and minimum quality standards. Also, spectrum management, while moving towards full-blown ownership rights, will continue to see regulators providing zoning and other services, particularly for unlicensed spectrum. All these assessments are premised on the success of making additional spectrum as the key resource available. They are also premised on the absence of a killer technology like P2P FTTH that potentially dominates all other technologies. What determines the endgame in telecommunications regulation? Although technical and market developments will dominantly shape the regulatory efficiency frontier, institutional and political economy factors have an additional and mostly slowing effect on policy changes.
Monetary policy and redistribution: information from central bank balance sheets in the Euro area and the US
Authors: Cour-Thimann Philippine
Published: June 2016

The exceptional measures by central banks during the financial crisis have led to renewed interest in the redistributive effects of monetary policy. This paper adopts the perspective of central bank balance sheets to assess such effects. It uses information from the euro area National Central Banks and the US Federal Reserve Banks to analyse the regional and sectoral effects of monetary policy. Central bank balance sheets capture sustained imbalances in payment flows across the euro area countries that peaked at 10% of GDP in the so-called Target balances, and across the US districts that reached 5% of GDP in the equivalent Interdistrict Settlement Accounts. These imbalances, combined with accommodative central bank liquidity, shifted risks from the private financial sector to the public sector and among taxpayers - yet, mechanisms are in place to mitigate such risks and the associated redistributive effects. The liquidity injection, while directly channelled at the stressed regions or sectors, has indirectly supported the financial sector at large. In different institutional contexts, the financial centres in Germany and in the New York district have been strengthened. They have been net recipients of payment inflows from the rest of the respective currency areas, equivalent in amounts to a third of the liquidity injection during the crisis.
The Great Export Recovery in German Manufacturing Industries, 2009/2010
Authors: Wagner Joachim
Published: June 2016

This paper uses comprehensive high-quality panel data from official statistics for exporting enterprises to investigate the micro-structure of the recent export recovery in 2010 in manufacturing industries in Germany after the great recession of 2008/ 2009. Almost all of the increase in exports was due to positive changes of exports in firms that continue to export (i. e. at the so-called intensive margin) while the increase of exports due to export starters (at the so-called extensive margin) was tiny. It is shown that very large firms played a decisive role in shaping the export recovery. These findings are remarkably symmetric to the results from an analysis of the great export collapse of 2008/09.
Estimating Aggregate Capital Stocks Using the Perpetual Inventory Method
Authors: Berlemann Michael , Wesselhöft Jan-Erik
Published: June 2016

Almost all attempts to construct capital stock data base on some variant of the Perpetual Inventory Method. While various countries employ this method to construct suitable proxies of national capital stocks, the implementation and the underlying assumptions differ considerably, thereby rendering the results internationally incomparable. Only a few attempts to construct internationally comparable capital stock data have yet been undertaken in the scientific literature. In this paper we outline the idea of the Perpetual Inventory Method and deliver a survey of previous implementations of the method. Based on a critical assessment of these implementations we propose a unified approach and construct estimations of aggregate capital stocks for the 1970 to 2010 period for 103 countries.
Ranking Economics and Econometrics ISI Journals by Quality Weighted Citations
Authors: Chang Chia-Lin , McAleer Michael
Published: June 2016

The paper analyses academic journal quality and impact using quality weighted citations that are based on the widely-used Thomson Reuters ISI Web of Science citations database (ISI). A recently developed Index of Citations Quality (ICQ), based on quality weighted citations, is used to analyse the top 276 Economics and top 10 Econometrics journals in the ISI Economics category using alternative quantifiable Research Assessment Measures (RAMs). It is shown that ICQ is a useful additional measure to the 2-Year Impact Factor (2YIF) and other well known RAMs available in ISI for the purpose of evaluating journal impact and quality, as well as ranking, of Economics and Econometrics journals as it contains information that has very low correlations with the information contained in alternative well-known RAMs. Among other findings, the top Econometrics journals have some of the highest ICQ scores in the ISI category of Economics.
The Objections against Workfare Revised
Authors: Lohse Tim
Published: June 2016

Opponents of work obligations in return for transfer payments argue that workfare can crowd out private sector work, that workfare harms the welfare of the poor and thereby reduces a society’s welfare in general. This paper analyzes these objections against workfare in a discrete optimal income tax model. Workfare productivity emerges to be the crucial determinant. We identify a productivity threshold. If workfare productivity exceeds this threshold, then crowding out indeed happens, but it is second-best. Crowding out occurs entirely in the sense that workfare and private sector employment are mutually exclusive. Welfare increases due to the fact that out of the three effects workfare entails, beyond the detected threshold, the output effect and the incentive effect dominate the negative utility effect. Numerical simulations calibrated on the distribution of gross hourly wages in Germany reveal that on an individual level, the poor may even be better off under a tax-transfer scheme with workfare rather than without workfare. This is due to the fact that a higher degree of redistribution can be achieved.
Confronting Climate-Related Disasters in Asia and the Pacific
Authors: Thomas Vinod
Published: June 2016

The frequency of intense natural disasters has been on the rise worldwide over the past 40 years. Meanwhile, temperatures have risen on average, while both temperatures and precipitation have become more variable and more extreme. Their impacts are clearly visible in Asia and the Pacific region, which has seen some of the most damaging natural disasters.

Recent scientific evidence points to the link between rising greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere and climate variables such as temperature and precipitation that underlie floods, storms, droughts and heatwaves. Rising population exposure, greater population vulnerability, and increasing climate-related hazards are three main disaster risk factors behind the increased frequency of intense natural disasters. A study underlying this paper finds an association between more frequent climatological disasters (relating to droughts and heat waves) and rising temperatures; and between hydrometeorological disasters (relating to floods and storms) and people locating in harm’s way and precipitation anomalies.

These findings underpin the necessity of greater prevention of natural disasters, and of integrating climate adaptation and mitigation in reducing disaster risks. With no let-up in the increasing costs of disasters to lives and livelihood, homes and infrastructure - such preventive measures must be part of policy and planning.
A Note on the Granular Nature of Imports in German Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Wagner Joachim
Published: June 2016

This paper uses an approach recently suggested by Gabaix (Eonometrica 2011) to investigate for the first time the role of idiosyncratic shocks to the largest firms in the dynamics of imports by firms from manufacturing industries. For Germany we find evidence that imports are power-law distributed and that the distribution of imports in the industries can be characterised as fat-tailed. Results show that idiosyncratic shocks to very large firms are important for the import dynamics in 2010/2011 but not in 2009/2010.
Do the Poor Pay for Card Rewards of the Rich?
Authors: Krueger Malte
Published: June 2016

Card payment systems are sometimes accused of taking from the poor and giving to the rich. The argument is as follows: High card fees are leading to higher retail prices for both, card users and cash users. However, high-income card holders are receiving rewards when purchasing by card. The result may be a net transfer of, mostly low-income, cash users to, mostly high-income, card users. In this article, models with product differentiation are used to show that rich card-holders may actually be paying for their card rewards themselves. In this case, there is no perverse distribution effect.
The Great Depression and the Great Recession in Interwar Greece and Today: A comparison
Authors: Lazaretou Sophia
Published: June 2016

The past Greek crisis experience is more or less terra incognita. In all historical empirical studies Greece is systematically neglected or included only sporadically in their cross-country samples. In the national literature too there is little on this topic. In this paper we use the 1930s crisis as a useful testing ground to compare the two crises episodes, ‘then’ and ‘now’; to detect differences and similarities and discuss the policy facts with the ultimate aim to draw some ‘policy lessons’ from history. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to study the Greek crisis experience across the two historical episodes. Comparisons with the interwar period show that the recent economic downturn was faster, larger and more severe than during the early 1930s. More importantly, analysing the determinants of the two crises, we conclude that Greece’s problems arose from its inability to credibly adhere to a nominal anchor.
Elastic and Thermal Properties of Silicon Compounds from First-Principles Calculations
Authors: Hou Haijun , Zhu H.J. , Cheng W.H. , Xie L.H.
Published: June 2016

The structural and elastic properties of V-Si (V3Si, VSi2, V5Si3, and V6Si5) compounds are studied by using first-principles method. The calculated equilibrium lattice parameters and formation enthalpy are in good agreement with the available experimental data and other theoretical results. The calculated results indicate that the V-Si compounds are mechanically stable. Elastic properties including bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio are also obtained. The elastic anisotropies of V-Si compounds are investigated via the three-dimensional (3D) figures of directional dependences of reciprocals of Young’s modulus. Finally, based on the quasi-harmonic Debye model, the internal energy, Helmholtz free energy, entropy, heat capacity, thermal expansion coefficient, Grüneisen parameter, and Debye temperature of V-Si compounds have been calculated.
Flap Surgical Techniques For Incisional Hernias Reccurences. A Swine Experimental Model
Authors: Popa Florina , Ardelean Filip , Pestean Cosmin , Purdoiu Robert , Rosca Oana , Georgescu Alexandru
Published: June 2016

Background and aims. In the age of synthetic prostheses most of hernia studies include a careful examination of the various types of prosthesis, their characteristics and their repair indications. Biological prostheses are also beginning to draw attention. But in terms of recurrence especially for poor or developing countries, the discussion is different, due to their high cost which makes them difficult to afford. In this article we present new flap reconstruction techniques for the reconstruction of the abdominal wall versus mesh repair, applied on swine models, outline the results of each technique, and specify the indications for their use.Methods. An experimental protocol using four swine models (PIC-FII-337 hybrid breed pigs), five months old, was conducted. All animal care and operative procedures were studied following the protocol approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy resolution no. 281/2014 of the Department of Surgery of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine); the study was carried out between November 2015 and February 2016. The primary objective was to compare the effect of surgical strategies in the treatment of the abdominal wall defect using variable flaps versus mesh repair in a large-animal models. Physical examination and ultrasound imaging of the abdominal wall repair were done on determined periods, during one month. The complications occurring after the abdominal wall repair were edema, collections, superficial dehiscence an recurrences.Results. No recurrences were reported at one month results, all seromas reported were solved over time by natural drainage. Superficial necrosis appeared in two swine models and superficial dehiscence occurred in one model, the perforator ”plus” flap. Mesh infection was detected in the “onlay” swine model.Conclusions. In terms of recurrences, contaminated abdominal wall defects or other contraindications to the use of prosthetic materials, biological mesh repair or flap surgery are the only surgical options. Based on our findings and considering the high cost reported by the biological meshes use, flap surgery becomes the suitable treatment for such cases, allowing a good reconstruction of the abdominal wall.
Improved Behavior and Neuropsychological Function in Children With ROHHAD After High-Dose Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Jacobson Lisa A. , Rane Shruti , McReynolds Lisa J. , Steppan Diana A. , Chen Allen R. , Paz-Priel Ido
Published: June 2016

Rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) is a rare, generally progressive, and potentially fatal syndrome of unclear etiology. The syndrome is characterized by normal development followed by a sudden, rapid hyperphagic weight gain beginning during the preschool period, hypothalamic dysfunction, and central hypoventilation, and is often accompanied by personality changes and developmental regression, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. We describe 2 children who had symptomatic and neuropsychological improvement after high-dose cyclophosphamide treatment. Our experience supports an autoimmune pathogenesis and provides the first neuropsychological profile of patients with rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation.
Validity of Newborn Clinical Assessment to Determine Gestational Age in Bangladesh
Authors: Lee Anne CC , Mullany Luke C. , Ladhani Karima , Uddin Jamal , Mitra Dipak , Ahmed Parvez , Christian Parul , Labrique Alain , DasGupta Sushil K. , Lokken R. Peter , Quaiyum Mohammed , Baqui Abdullah H ,   for the Projahnmo Study Group
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND:

Gestational age (GA) is frequently unknown or inaccurate in pregnancies in low-income countries. Early identification of preterm infants may help link them to potentially life-saving interventions.

METHODS:

We conducted a validation study in a community-based birth cohort in rural Bangladesh. GA was determined by pregnancy ultrasound (<20 weeks). Community health workers conducted home visits (<72 hours) to assess physical/neuromuscular signs and measure anthropometrics. The distribution, agreement, and diagnostic accuracy of different clinical methods of GA assessment were determined compared with early ultrasound dating.

RESULTS:

In the live-born cohort (n = 1066), the mean ultrasound GA was 39.1 weeks (SD 2.0) and prevalence of preterm birth (<37 weeks) was 11.4%. Among assessed newborns (n = 710), the mean ultrasound GA was 39.3 weeks (SD 1.6) (8.3% preterm) and by Ballard scoring the mean GA was 38.9 weeks (SD 1.7) (12.9% preterm). The average bias of the Ballard was –0.4 weeks; however, 95% limits of agreement were wide (–4.7 to 4.0 weeks) and the accuracy for identifying preterm infants was low (sensitivity 16%, specificity 87%). Simplified methods for GA assessment had poor diagnostic accuracy for identifying preterm births (community health worker prematurity scorecard [sensitivity/specificity: 70%/27%]; Capurro [5%/96%]; Eregie [75%/58%]; Bhagwat [18%/87%], foot length <75 mm [64%/35%]; birth weight <2500 g [54%/82%]). Neonatal anthropometrics had poor to fair performance for classifying preterm infants (areas under the receiver operating curve 0.52–0.80).

CONCLUSIONS:

Newborn clinical assessment of GA is challenging at the community level in low-resource settings. Anthropometrics are also inaccurate surrogate markers for GA in settings with high rates of fetal growth restriction.
Who Pays to Play Freemium Games? The Profiles and Motivations of Players Who Make Purchases Within Social Casino Games
Authors: Gainsbury Sally M. , King Daniel L. , Russell Alex M. T. , Delfabbro Paul
Published: June 2016

Background and aims

Social casino games (SCGs) feature gambling themes and are typically free to download and play with optional in-game purchases. Although few players spend money, this is sufficient to make them profitable for game developers. Little is known about the profile and motivations of paying players as compared to non-paying players.

Methods

This study compared the characteristics of 521 paying and non-paying Australian social casino game players who completed an online survey.

Results

Paying players were more likely to be younger, male, speak a non-English language, and have a university education than non-payers. Paying players were more likely to be more highly involved in SCG in terms of play frequency and engagement with games and emphasized social interaction more strongly as a motivation for playing. A cluster analysis revealed distinct subgroups of paying players; these included more frequent moderate spenders who made purchases to avoid waiting for credits and to give gifts to friends as well as less frequent high spenders who made purchases to increase the entertainment value of the game.

Discussion

These findings suggest that paying players have some fundamental differences from non-paying players and high spenders are trying to maximize their enjoyment, while non-spenders are content with the game content they access.

Conclusions

Given the structural similarities between SCG and online gambling, understanding subgroups of players may have broader implications, including identifying characteristics of gamers who may also engage in gambling and players who may develop problems related to excessive online gaming.
ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO E PRÁTICA REFLEXIVA: NARRATIVAS DE CONCLUINTES DA LICENCIATURA EM MATEMÁTICA (IFRN/MOSSORÓ)
Authors: Souza Francisco das Chagas Silva , Borges Amanda de Azevedo
Published: June 2016

O estágio curricular supervisionado é um componente fundamental na formação docente, pois possibilita a relação entre teoria e prática, o contato com campo de trabalho, a aquisição dos conhecimentos pedagógicos e administrativos. Baseados nessa dimensão formativa do estágio, realizamos uma pesquisa cujo objetivo era conhecer como os alunos concluintes do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática do IFRN/Mossoró, em 2014, avaliam as experiências vividas nessa fase de sua formação. A metodologia constou de entrevistas abertas e gravadas em áudio com cinco alunos concluintes. Os entrevistados salientaram a importância do estágio para a sua formação profissional, visto que lhes possibilitou um reencontro com a realidade escolar, dessa vez na condição de professores. As reflexões lhes permitiram um olhar para si próprios no intuito de se verem como seres cujas identidades estão em contínuo processo de construção.
FILOSOFIA E TRABALHO: UMA REFLEXÃO NO LIMIAR DA SOBREVIVÊNCIA E DA LIBERDADE NO CONTEXTO DA INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA
Authors: Corrêa Lima Coimbra Fernanda Cristina , Bentes Haroldo Vasconcelos
Published: June 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é de discutir os dilemas humanos decorrentes do mundo do trabalho, nas perspectivas da sobrevivência material, e também como condição de liberdade, no horizonte da Iniciação Científica dos alunos do Ensino Médio Integrado, disciplina Filosofia, último semestre, eixo estruturante; Filosofia, Trabalho e Iniciação Científica, cursos Informática, Mecânica, Mineração e Telecomunicações, no Instituto Federal de Educação do Pará (IFPA) Campus Belém – semestre 2015/1, em curso. O programa da disciplina Filosofia segue o planejamento curricular regular, porém, no limiar da iniciação científica está em andamento uma pesquisa nas quatro turmas, sob o escopo de que a inserção do método de investigação científica na prática formativa de aprendizes se configura como uma estratégia pedagógico-metodológica de importância crucial, na direção da autonomia reflexiva, visando à formação política e produtiva dos mesmos, no contexto da convivência coletiva. Assim, os resultados preliminares no liminar da iniciação científica, via questionário aplicado aos alunos, apontam que estes reconhecem e valorizam a importância da pesquisa nas atividades escolares com ênfase na produção individual e coletivamente, como elemento constitutivo de autonomia diante do mundo.
O PROCESSO DE CRIAÇÃO DA ESCOLA TÉCNICA DE COMÉRCIO UNIÃO CAIXEIRAL A PARTIR DAS DEMANDAS SOCIOECONÔMICAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE MOSSORÓ, RN, ENTRE 1911 A 1937.
Authors: Bandeira Tainá da Silva , Menezes Antonio Basílio Novaes Thomaz
Published: June 2016

A seguinte pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar o processo de criação da Escola Técnica de Comércio União Caixeiral através da relação entre a Sociedade União Caixeiral e o contexto socioeconômico do município de Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, no período de 1911 a 1937. Como abordagem utilizamos a dialética na concepção de Marx nos possibilitando perceber o diálogo existente entre o contexto socioeconômico da comunidade envolvente – Mossoró – e a criadora e mantenedora da escola – Sociedade União Caixeiral. Como esta pesquisa se insere no campo da História das Instituições Escolares, utilizamos Magalhães (2004) como referencial para entender como pesquisar nesse campo percebendo a Instituição Escolar na sua constituição e relação estabelecida com a comunidade em que está inserida. As análises nos levaram a compreender que a Escola Técnica de Comércio União Caixeiral foi pensada partindo das necessidades socioeconômicas do município de Mossoró uma vez que era o comércio a economia principal e o município era regido pela modernização que o crescimento econômico sinalizava. Porém, esse ensino técnico foi institucionalizado no município também determinado pelas dualidades que já existiam no ensino para o trabalho no contexto nacional caracterizando o cenário educacional mossoroense.
Efficacy and Safety of Methadone as a Second-Line Opioid for Cancer Pain in an Outpatient Clinic: A Prospective Open-Label Study
Authors: Porta-Sales Josep , Garzón-Rodríguez Cristina , Villavicencio-Chávez Christian , Llorens-Torromé Silvia , González-Barboteo Jesús
Published: June 2016

Introduction.

Most clinical reports on methadone rotation describe outcomes in hospitalized patients. The few studies that have included outpatients are retrospective. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of methadone as a second-line opioid in adult patients with advanced cancer after rotation in routine clinical practice at a palliative care outpatient clinic.

Patients and Methods.

This was a prospective, open-label study of 145 patients whose treatment was rotated from other opioids to methadone. Informed consent was obtained in all cases. The main outcome measure was change in the variable “worst pain” at day 28. Pain and pain interference were assessed with the Brief Pain Inventory, with side effects evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0. Pain levels were evaluated at study entry and at days 3, 7, 9, 14, 21, and 28.

Results.

Rotation to methadone was performed for the following reasons: poor pain control (77.9%), opioid side effects (2.1%), or both (20%). The mean daily oral morphine equivalent dose before rotation was 193.7 mg. The median worst and average pain scores decreased significantly (p < .0001) from baseline to day 28: The median worst pain score decreased from 9 (interquartile range [IQR]: 8–10) to 6 (IQR: 3–8), and the median average pain score decreased from 6 (IQR: 5–7) to 4 (IQR: 2–5). The proportions of patients with moderate to severe worst and average pain decreased by 30.3% and 47.5%, respectively, by day 28. No increase in opioid toxicity was observed during the study.

Conclusion.

In outpatients with advanced cancer, rotation to methadone as a second-line opioid was efficacious and safe when using a tiered scheme with close follow-up by experienced health professionals.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Nurse-Led Supportive Care Package (SurvivorCare) for Survivors of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jefford Michael , Gough Karla , Drosdowsky Allison , Russell Lahiru , Aranda Sanchia , Butow Phyllis , Phipps-Nelson Jo , Young Jane , Krishnasamy Mei , Ugalde Anna , King Dorothy , Strickland Andrew , Franco Michael , Blum Robert , Johnson Catherine , Ganju Vinod , Shapiro Jeremy , Chong Geoffrey , Charlton Julie , Haydon Andrew , Schofield Penelope
Published: June 2016

Introduction.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) and its treatments can cause distressing sequelae. We conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial aiming to improve psychological distress, supportive care needs (SCNs), and quality of life (QOL) of patients with CRC. The intervention, called SurvivorCare (SC), comprised educational materials, needs assessment, survivorship care plan, end-of-treatment session, and three follow-up telephone calls.

Methods.

At the end of treatment for stage I–III CRC, eligible patients were randomized 1:1 to usual care (UC) or to UC plus SC. Distress (Brief Symptom Inventory 18), SCNs (Cancer Survivors’ Unmet Needs measure), and QOL (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC] QOL questionnaires C30 and EORTC CRC module CR29) were assessed at baseline and at 2 and 6 months (follow-up 1 [FU1] and FU2, respectively). The primary hypothesis was that SC would have a beneficial effect on distress at FU1. The secondary hypotheses were that SC would have a beneficial effect on (a) SCN and QOL at FU1 and on (b) distress, SCNs, and QOL at FU2. A total of 15 items assessed experience of care.

Results.

Of 221 patients randomly assigned, 4 were ineligible for the study and 1 was lost to FU, leaving 110 in the UC group and 106 in the SC group. Patients’ characteristics included the following: median age, 64 years; men, 52%; colon cancer, 56%; rectal cancer, 35%; overlapping sites of disease, 10%; stage I disease, 7%; stage II, 22%; stage III, 71%. Baseline distress and QOL scores were similar to population norms. Between-group differences in distress at FU1 (primary outcome) and at FU2, and SCNs and QOL at FU1 and FU2 were small and nonsignificant. Patients in the SC group were more satisfied with survivorship care than those in the UC group (significant differences on 10 of 15 items).

Conclusion.

The addition of SC to UC did not have a beneficial effect on distress, SCNs, or QOL outcomes, but patients in the SC group were more satisfied with care.
Tailoring the sequence structure of polycarboxylate superplasticisers to improve the sulfate ion sensitivity
Authors: Wang Xiumei , Yang Yong , Lin Wei , Shu Xin , Ran Qianping , Liu Jiaping
Published: June 2016

Polycarboxylate polymers (PCPs) with different sequence structures are synthesised using free radical polymerisation and reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerisation. Incompatibility between PCP and sulfate ion is well known and the dispersion ability of PCP has been known to degrade by sulfate ion in a solution of fresh cement paste. Flowability and rheology studies have revealed that block PCP or gradient PCP is less sensitive to sulfate ion than random PCP when the density of side chains is 1:1. Total organic carbon and dynamic light scattering are used to reveal this difference. Results for total organic carbon illustrate that the adsorption amount of block PCP and gradient PCP is much larger than for random PCP at the same PCP concentration, because the density of exposed carboxylic groups with block distribution is higher than in random PCP, therefore there is a larger adsorption amount. Results of dynamic light scattering show the conformation of random PCP in synthetic solution is unchanged with the concentration of sulfate ion, whereas that of block PCP or gradient PCP shows shrinkage in a high sulfate ion concentration. These findings offer guidance for research and development of PCP to improve its sensitivity to sulfate competitive adsorption and subsequently its compatibility with cement.
El poder subversivo de la fábula en sus diversas manifestaciones diacrónicas
Authors: Matic Gordana
Published: June 2016

Resumen

La fábula ha tenido desde siempre una función retórica e ilustrativa que se ha manifestado a lo largo de la historia de modo dual: mostraba para enseñar, lo que muchas veces implicaba el componente moralizador, o para criticar. Mientras se empeñaba en conseguir una de las dos intencionalidades, o las dos simultáneamente, ha podido ser revestida de un tono humorístico, burlón, irónico o sarcástico. Partiendo de las observaciones sobre el género de Fedro, Rodríguez Adrados o Mireya Camurati, en este trabajo nos proponemos analizar una selección de fábulas clásicas, medievales, dieciochescas y decimonónicas, para demostrar que el aspecto crítico e incluso subversivo del género se mantiene abiertamente activo aun en las épocas en las que se potencia su intención didáctico-moralizante.

Palabras clave: fábula, definiciones del género, estudio diacrónico, aspecto crítico, aspecto didáctico-moralizante

 

Abstract

The fable has always had a rhetoric and illustrative function that manifested itself during its long history in two different ways: on one hand, it represented an example in order to teach, which usually implied the moral component, or on the other hand, to criticize. While it strived to achieve one of these intentions, or sometimes both simultaneously, it could have been written in a humorous, mocking, ironic or sarcastic tone. In this paper, we analyze a selection of classical and medieval, 18th and 19th century fables written in Spanish, with definitions proposed by Phaedrus, Rodríguez Adrados and Mireya Camurati as starting points, in order to show that the critical aspect of this genre was openly maintained and taken benefit of even in the historical periods when its didactic and moralizing intention was preferred and strongly emphasized.

Key words: fable, definition of genre, diachronic approach, critical aspect, didactic and moral aspect

 
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Reseña de: Del lado de la vida. Antología poética
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