bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Una mirada hacia el futuro
Authors: Boyer Emilie
Published: May 2019

This paper studies three cases of Central American novels that belong to science fiction: Waslala. Memorial del futuro (1996) written by Gioconda Belli, Cantos de las guerras preventivas (2006) by Fernando Contreras Castro and Tikal Futura. Memorias para un futuro incierto (2012) by Franz Galich. The main point of this analysis is the use of myth and tradition, mostly pre-Hispanic, made by the authors in order to develop a discourse about the place of Central America in the modern world. This study demonstrates how the authors use science fiction to criticise the systematic use of myth in the construction of ideal societies.
La literatura intimista en Bolivia, una historia el siglo XXI
Authors: Fisbach Eric
Published: May 2019

Since the end of the 20th century, Bolivian literature has started liberating itself from social realism to favour subjectivism and formal experimentation. There is no more denouncing of exploitation, injustice, inequality but an interest in the confusion experienced by individuals in today’s globalised world. One of the most prominent characteristics of this narrative is the change in the perception of space which used to predetermine the plot, the characters’ psychology or the social relationships. Space now becomes the space of the characters’ transformation, changeable spaces which follow individual dramas. First, this essay defines the orientations of this literature of the end of last century, then it analyses the narrative paradigm in the writings published since the 1990s.
The Canticle of the Sun
Authors: Beach Amy
Published: May 2019

In The Canticle of the Sun, Amy Beach (1867–1944) sets a text penned in the thirteenth century by St. Francis of Assisi. The poet gives honor and blessing to “my Lord God with all His creatures”: the heavenly bodies, air, water, and fire. He praises the earth and its bounty. Then the poet turns to humanity, praising those who love and forgive. Even the death of the body is praised, for the second death has no power over those who walk in the will of God. An SATB chorus, SMTB solo voices, and orchestra are interwoven in a symphonic style in this twenty-two-minute cantata. While rooted in the Romantic tonal tradition, this twentieth-century work marks a new direction in Beach's style, with expressionistic treatment of melody and harmony. Premiered in 1928 with organ and in 1930 with orchestra, the Canticle had an immediate success with audiences. While written for a festival choir with orchestra, its accessibility to smaller choirs accompanied by organ insured continuing popularity.

NB: Permission to reprint copyrighted piano-vocal score for this edition does not extend to electronic formats. Please refer to the publisher's website (www.areditions.com) to purchase print copies of the piano-vocal score.
Motets and Chansons
Authors: Payen Nicolas
Published: May 2019

Nicolas Payen (ca. 1512–59), a native of Soignies and pupil of Gombert, entered the service of Charles V in 1522 and remained associated with the prestigious capilla flamenca for over thirty years. When Charles's son Philip became King of Spain in 1556, Payen, maestro de capilla to Charles since 1556, was a key figure during this transition, serving Philip as his first chapel master. His music, consisting of thirteen motets, one chorale, and five chansons (a sixth is incomplete), survives in various printed motet and chanson anthologies and a single manuscript. The motets, although written for a Catholic chapel, were published in collections destined for use in the burgeoning Protestant church. Very little research has been done on the composer and his music, as only a few of his works have been published in modern editions. This edition presents Payen's collected motets and chansons for the first time, allowing scholars to evaluate his position in history based on his entire compositional oeuvre instead of a few isolated pieces.
Respon Fisiologis Sapi Fries Holland Laktasi yang Diberi Ransum dengan Konsentrat Mengandung Kulit Durian (Durio zibethinus) Difermentasi Pleorotus ostreatus
Authors: Sulistyowati E. , Suherman D. , Badarina I. , Mujiharjo S. , Fanhar S.
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pemberian konsentrat yang mengandung Kulit Durian Fermentasi (KDF) dalam ransum terhadap konsumsi bahan kering dan kondisi fisiologis sapi perah Fries Holland (FH) laktasi. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Bujur Sangkar Latin (RBSL), dengan empat perlakuan, KDF0: ransum dengan konsentrat tanpa KDF (0%),  KDF10: ransum dengan konsentrat 10% KDF, KDF20: ransum dengan konsentrat 20% KDF,  dan KDF30 ransum dengan konsentrat 30% KDF. Sapi perah yang digunakan mempunyai bobot badan rataan sebesar 444.81 ± 17.21 kg. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama empat periode dengan 14 hari per periode dan 14 hari pendahuluan, total 70 hari, bertempat  di peternakan sapi perah di desa Suka Sari, kecamatan Kabawetan, Kabupaten Kepahiang, propinsi Bengkulu.  Variabel yang diamati meliputi konsumsi bahan kering, kondisi lingkungan kandang (suhu dan kelembaban) dan respon fisiologi (frekuensi respirasi, denyut jantung, dan suhu rektal), diamati pada pagi, siang, dan sore. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu lingkungan (suhu dan kelembaban) kandang pada saat penelitian masih dalam kondisi normal untuk sapi perah laktasi, dan pemberian pakan yang mengandung konsentrat dengan kulit durian fermentasi sampai level 30% tidak berpengaruh pada frekuensi respirasi, denyut jantung, suhu rektal, dan konsumsi bahan kering pakan.Kata Kunci: Kulit durian fermentasi, respon fisiologi, sapi perah FH
Pengaruh Frekuensi dan Periode Pemberian Pakan yang Berbeda terhadap Tingkah Laku Makan Burung Puyuh Petelur
Authors: Tamba H. R. , Suprijatna E. , Atmomarsono U.
Published: May 2019

Research aims to evaluate the influence of the frequency and period of the different feed to conduct quail laying on environmental conditions temperaturnya fluctuate tropical.The research uses 180 tail quail female age 21 days randomly placed in a cage battery.Any unit experiment consisting of 5 tail.The research uses commercial feed b11 in the period grower and b82 p in the period layer.The treatment was conducted over 9 sunday that begins at the age of 5 sunday reached the age of 13 weeks.The research uses random design complete ( ral ) pattern factorials with 2 factors, the frequency of (A) and A1 (1 time), A2 (2 times) and A3 (3 times) and period (B) to B1 (5:00 to 21:00 pm) , B2 (07:00 to 21:00 GMT) and B3 (09:00 to 21:00 GMT). The parameters observed were the behavior of feeding, drinking, walking and resting. The data were analyzed variance with F test at 5% level and continued Duncan Double Area Test. The results showed that frequency and feeding period did not show significant interaction with eating behavior, drinking walking and rest, but feeding frequency was 1 times significantly (P <0,05) to feeding behavior at the beginning of production. It was concluded that when viewed from the eating behavior, the combination of frequency treatment 1 times with a period of administration of 14 hours (A1B2) showed more quail feeding activity.Keywords: feeding frequency, period of feeding, behavior, quail laying.
Kajian Sifat Pertumbuhan dan Kadar Kolestrol Ayam Broiler yang Mendapat Substitusi Tepung Daun Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) Terfermentasi Effective Microorganisms-4 (Em4) dalam Ransum Basal
Authors: Nggena M. , Telupere F.M.S. , Tiba N.T.
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada tanggal 18 Desember 2017 s/d 29 Januari 2018  untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan kadar kolesterol ayam broiler diberi pakan komersial yang disubstitusi dengan tepung daun lamtoro terfermentasi effective microorganisms-4 (EM-4). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri dari lima perlakuan dan 4 empat ulangan dan setiap ulangan ada 5 ekor ayam broiler. Perlakuan yang dimaksud adalah: P0 = (100% pakan komersial), P5=(95% pakan komersial + 5% tepung  daun lamtoro terfermentasi EM-4), P10=(90% pakan komersial+10% tepung  daun lamtoro terfermentasi EM-4), P15= (85% pakan komersial + 15% tepung  daun lamtoro terfermentasi EM-4, P20 =(80% pakan komersial +20% tepung  daun lamtoro terfermentasi EM-4). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggantian sebagian pakan komersial oleh tepung daun lamtoro terfermentasi EM-4 pada taraf  20 % tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) terhadap pertumbuhan dan analisis Income over Feed cost and chick cost, berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap bobot lemak abdominal dan berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap kolesterol daging ayam broiler yang dipelihara selama 4 minggu penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggantian sebagian pakan dasar oleh tepung daun lamtoro terfermentasi EM-4 dalam ransum komersial pada level 20% dapat meningkatkan produksi ternak ayam broiler, menurunkan bobot lemak abdominal dan menurunkan kadar kolesterol daging ayam broiler yang dipelihara selama 4 minggu penelitian. Sedangkan analisis Income over Feed cos and chick cost pada penjualan ayam hidup lebih menguntungkan yakni mencapai Rp. 27.392 dari pada penjualan karkas yakni: Rp 11.643Katta kunci: Substitusi, TDLF EM-4, Pertumbuhan, Kolestrol dan IOFC
Patience, patients, and the potential of medical preprints
Authors: Phelan Patrick S.
Published: May 2019

Current debate over the merits of preprints for medical research turns on the potential benefits and harms to follow, often centered on purported differences that make clinical research unique among the sciences. Despite growing interest, existing discussions of this issue are generally brief and lack comprehensive appraisal of considerations and arguments. In this essay, I attempt a thorough analysis of the open questions for medicine regarding preprints, surveying existing concerns and claims, identifying what characteristics set medical research apart from its peers, and offering perspective on possible futures for medical preprints. I conclude that the extant claims of potential harms do not support recommendations of prohibition. Despite this, legitimate differences in the character and consequences of medical research give cause for more caution in the implementation of preprints than in other scientific fields.
PEMANFAATAN KAPAL KARAM SEBAGAI DESTINASI SELAM DALAM KAIDAH CAGAR BUDAYA BAWAH AIR
Authors: Sasongko Agung Setyo
Published: May 2019

Indonesia adalah negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia. Dua pertiga wilayahnya adalah laut.Pembangunan pariwisata yang berkelanjutan berbasis bahari dilakukan dengan upaya sinergi dengan membangun budaya maritim dan memperkuat budaya bahari dalam pemanfaatan dan pengelolaan sumber daya kelautan. Permasalahan yang ditimbulkan saat ini terhadap kondisi ekosistem terumbu karang sebagai akibat destinasi selam semakin memburuk akibat tingkat laku manusia itu sendiri. di sisi lain sumber daya tinggalan budaya bawah air belum optimal dimanfaatkan, bahkan seringkali diambil secara ilegal. Indonesia sangat kaya akan Benda Muatan Kapal Tenggelam (BMKT) sebagai peninggalan Arkeologi Bawah air. Berbagai aktivitas budaya dan perdagangan maritim telah meninggalkan data yang melimpah untuk merekonstruksi peradaban bangsa ini. Kenyataanya adalah upaya untuk merekontruksi masih menghadapi banyak tantangan terutama perbedaan dalam hal sudut pandang dalam pengelolaan Benda Muatan Kapal Tenggelam tersebut oleh berbagai pihak. Ketersediaan sumber daya Tinggalan bawah air seperti kapal-kapal karam dan menurunya kualitas terumbu karang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai daya tarik wisata selam, sekaligus upaya terhadap pelestarian warisan budaya bahari.
relative wave function universe.
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: May 2019

Space-time is phase space the relative wave function universe.
Frequency Analysis of Vortex Shedding in Wake Area behind the NACA0012 Airfoil via Fully-Lagrangian Vortex Element Method
Authors: Zamani Meymian Nima
Published: May 2019

Shedding frequency of the vortices of the low-pressure area behind NACA0012 airfoil cross-section is provided for a laminar flow of an incompressible viscose fluid using Lagrangian vortex elements scheme. In the current work, only those areas of the solution domain were modeled where there are velocity gradients. It was done by the vorticity transfer equation that was obtained by calculating the cross product of the sides of the momentum equation. According to the Fractional Step method, the vorticity transfer equation was separated into two different equations that were solved sequentially in each time step: non-linear convection equation and the linear diffusion equation. Vorticity field in the physical domain was separated by the sheet and bubble vortices and each of the vortex elements in the solving field moved according to Biot-Savar Law and diffused according to the random walk method. The flow around the airfoil was obtained using Joukowsly mapping of the solution of the flow around a circle. This work was validated by comparing the aerodynamics force coefficients obtained from the vortex elements method with those obtained from analytical methods. Vortex shedding frequencies were calculated using the Fourier transform of the time response of the changes in the aerodynamic forces, being compared to the experimental results under the same conditions.
FLIP YOUR CLASSROOM: FLIPPED CLASSROOM MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN EXO OLO TASK
Authors: Nofrion Nofrion
Published: May 2019

Ada kesamaan antara Flipped Classroom dengan Model Pembelajaran EXO OLO TASK yaitu sama-sama memberikan perhatian pada pentingnya "belajar sebelum belajar/lear before learning". Dalam pembelajaran flip, siswa diberikan tugas untuk mempelajari materi melalui video dan lain-lain yang bisa diakses seacara daring sedangkan dalam pembelajaran EXO OLO TASK, siswa ditugaskan untuk membaca materi yang akan dipelajari sebelum pembelajaran dari berbagai sumber yang tersedia. Penugasan "learn before learning" ini bertujuan untuk membekali siswa dengan pengetahuan dan pemahaman sehingga saat belajar di dalam kelas guru lebih fokus pada pengerjaan proyek, penyelesaian masalah secara kolaborasi dan interaktif. Jadi, peran guru di kelas bukanlah penyampai materi tapi lebih kepada pemberi fasilitas kepada siswa untuk melakukan berbagai aktivitas belajar. Dalam model pembelajaran EXO OLO TASK difokuskan pada aktivitas belajar lanjut (advanced learning activity) yang mendukung berkembangnya keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa (HOTS).
A comparison of southern hemisphere breeding stock 'D' humpback whale population estimates from two key locations along the Western Australian coast
Authors: Jenner Curt , Jenner Micheline , Kent Chandra Salgado , Bouchet Phil J , Dunlop Rebecca , Burton Chris
Published: May 2019

This report aims to compare recent population estimates of southern hemisphere breeding stock D humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) based on data collected at two key locations along the Western Australian coastline, namely North West Cape (NWC) and Shark Bay, ~400 km south of NWC. The report additionally investigates the efficacy and practicality of current survey designs, and serves as a reference point for future improvement in whale monitoring strategies (location of surveys, field protocols, etc.).
Weber, Durkheim, and the Duality of Structure in Modern Society
Authors: Vivid Jules
Published: May 2019

The theoretical projects of Max Weber and Emile Durkheim address the character and dynamics of the modern social order. The implications of modern society on the social world are vast, as demonstrated by the myriad upheavals witnessed since the ‘long’ 19th century (Weintraub, Handout #1). But what are the implications of modern society on what it means to be moral? How do individualism and social solidarity coexist? The following addresses the complexity of these questions by analyzing Weber and Durkheim’s perspectives on the transition to modern life and the relationship between modern society and the individual. With Marx as a theoretical backdrop, this essay examines how Weber and Durkheim conceived of the problems of modern society by underscoring the dualities that are reflected in autonomy, authority, rationalization, and other dimensions of structure inherent within social organization and interdependence. These dualities evince the necessary doubleness of the social condition and how it enmeshes society in a “poverty of morality” (Durkheim, Suicide, p. 387), one that is in great need of stronger social solidarity and a new moral framework.
The Right to Work, Power Resources, and Economic Inequality
Authors: VanHeuvelen Tom
Published: May 2019

How do Right to Work laws affect the distribution of economic resources? While sociological theories would predict inequality to increase following the passage of Right to Work laws, previous research has found these laws to be largely inconsequential for economic inequality. Drawing on power resources theory, I reassess the consequences of Right to Work laws and allow their impact to depend upon local union membership. To do so, I construct unique datasets at the state and commuting zone levels of income and wage inequality, merging data from the Internal Revenue Service, the US census, the American Community Survey, the US Union Sourcebook, the Current Population Survey, and the National Labor Relations Board for years 1939 to 2016. After using two-way fixed effects and instrumental variable regression models to replicate inconsistent results of previous studies, I show that these mask substantial and robust heterogeneity across local areas. Simply put, Right to Work laws are highly consequential when passed in times and places where labor has something to lose. Right to Work laws remove the negative association between labor union membership and inequality, while the consequences of Right to Work passage are greatest in highly unionized areas. In total, results suggest that Right to Work laws work as intended, increasing economic inequality indirectly by lowering labor power resources. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed.
The Situation of Woman and Desdemona in Beauvoir’s The Second Sex
Authors: Vivid Jules
Published: May 2019

Simone de Beauvoir was a luminary in her serious and committed analysis of thesecondary status of women in society . The following exposition seeks to convey Beauvoir’s intellectual project vis-à-vis the “Introduction” and “The Independent Woman” chapters of The Second Sex. The first part of this essay will explicate Beauvoir’s interpretation of woman’s situation and becoming , the dialectic of immanent woman as embodied Other vs. transcendent man as disembodied Subject, and the dual problematics of woman’s dependence and independence. Woman and desire will then be addressed as a segue into how the character of Desdemona, in Shakespeare’s Othello, used her embodiment of love and desire to transcend her body and reach eternal freedom.
Differential Attainment of Affordable Housing among America’s Ethnoracial Groups; 2005-2017
Authors: Brooks Matthew M
Published: May 2019

Affordable housing is an under researched area of residential attainment despite is importance and the potential consequences of households spending too much on housing—such as forced moves and financial instability. This study analyzes disparities in attainment of affordable housing between white, black, Hispanic, and Asian households using 2005-2017 American Community Survey microdata linked to county-level ACS 5-year estimates. I test hypotheses regarding the overall disparities between ethnoracial groups, potential limited returns on socioeconomic status and acculturation characteristics for black, Hispanic, and Asian households relative to white households, and the positive effects of high coethnic populations within the county of residence. Results show there are significant gaps between whites and the other groups regarding their attainment of affordable housing throughout the study period. Differential returns on socioeconomic status are also present, with Hispanics and Asians receiving lesser returns on education relative to whites. Hispanics received significant benefits regarding immigrant status compared to other ethnoracial groups. When accounting for county-level ethnoracial composition there is clear evidence that black, Hispanic, and Asian households are more likely to benefit than white households if they live in a county with an increased coethnic population. However, all groups become less likely overall to live in affordable housing as a county’s percentage white decreases suggesting that ethnoracial composition affects both the overall attainment of affordable housing for all groups and the relative disparities between groups within counties.
“They turn to you first for everything”: insights into midwives’ perspectives of providing physical activity advice and guidance to pregnant women.
Authors: DE VIVO Marlize , Mills Hayley
Published: May 2019

Background: The antenatal period is associated with a decline in physical activity among women. Midwives are viewed central to the dissemination of information during pregnancy, however, there is little research relating to their promotion of physical activity. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into midwives’ perspectives of providing physical activity advice and guidance to pregnant women. Methods: Community midwives (N = 10) from ten randomly selected antenatal clinics in England took part in semi-structured interviews which were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically. Results: In relation to midwives perceived role and responsibility in providing physical activity advice and guidance, three themes were identified: (1) the midwifery profession has evolved with consequences for current practice, (2) the burden of responsibility, and (3) physical activity advice and guidance is a tick box exercise. Midwives perceived barriers to the provision of effective advice and guidance were represented by five themes: (1) lack of training, knowledge, and confidence; (2) time constraints and ensuing compromises; (3) unawareness of suitable resources and opportunities; (4) reliance on common sense and experience as opposed to evidence-based practise; and (5) perceptions of vulnerability relating to inherent fears and exposure to risk. Eight broad themes represent what midwives perceived as feasible opportunities in changing pregnant women’s physical activity behaviour: (1) recognising and addressing barriers in the uptake and maintenance of physical activities, (2) professional development, (3) inter-professional collaboration, (4) communicating effectively through simple, reliable resources, (5) improved access, availability, and awareness of suitable activities in the local community, (6) encouraging a support network, (7) “selling” physical activity by challenging misconceptions and focusing on benefits, and (8) suitable motivation, incentives and reward. Conclusions: Whilst midwives are hypothetically ideally placed to offer guidance regarding physical activity, this is in practice not always feasible. The midwives influence may be better served as part of a wider network of facilitators that share a consistent and confident message regarding the normalisation of active pregnancies in the wider population.
Cost of Illness Study of Regular Out Patient Department Diabetic in a Low Income Country: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Kattel V. , Subedi M. , Agrawal Y. , Pall Z.S. , Rani S. , Upadhyaya S. , Lavaju P. , Sarraf D.K. , Maskey R.
Published: May 2019

Background: The burden of Diabetes in South Asia is alarming as the prevalence is higher compared to other region, living cost is low after Sub Saharan Africa and health care system are in state of expanding to be more accessible and adequate.  

Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the direct cost of illness among diabetic patient regularly visiting at outpatient department (OPD) in BPKIHS.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study done in year 2018.  142 patients with at least nine visit per year were enrolled. The direct cost were calculated from the pattern of prescription of medications and laboratory investigations carried out over a year of the individual patient. The data were tabulated and analyzed.

Results: Among the 142 patients on 37.5% were in mono-therapy and 62.5% were in poly-therapy. The direct cost of illness was USD 103 per annum that includes drug and investigation cost expensed at OPD visit. The average indirect cost was USD 102 per annum including travel and food. Among 142 patient the cost of illness on inpatient due to DM was USD 85.47 per event.

Conclusion: The financial burden of being a diabetic in Nepal is high. Comprehensive quality care by expansion of health system and service with nominal charges to patient seems to be one of the challenges in Nepal.
National Consensus Statement on the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Dina , Shrestha Pradeep , Sharma Sanjib , Bhattarai Jyoti , Shrestha Hari Kumar , Pradhan Ajay , Shakya Amit
Published: May 2019

The full National Consensus Statement on the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Nepal is included here.
Broken Milling Machine Arbors Made of 16 Mn Cr 5 E
Authors: Urban Gudrun
Published: May 2019

Milling machine arbors were inserted with satellite spindles having a maximum speed of 1500 rpm, and broke out between the groove and the flange. The appearance of the fracture surface was the same on both arbors. The pronounced scan lines characterized the fractures as fatigue fractures. The appearance of the fracture in the arbors indicated ductile fatigue fracture which had its origin in the radii between groove and flange. These radii of 0.15 and 0.2 mm were too small for the load on the milling machine. In addition there were grooves at the base of the radii which had an unfavorable effect on the life of the component by acting as notches with their resulting stress concentration. Considering the great hardness of the case, the small radii would have been critical even without grooves. Measures were taken so that the critical radius of the milling machine was increased and the surface roughness measured more precisely.
Cracked Eccentric Camshaft
Authors: Naumann Friedrich Karl , Spies Ferdinand
Published: May 2019

During dismantling of an eccentric camshaft of 340 mm diam that had worked for a total of 450,000 load reversals, it was found that it had cracked on both sides of the eccentric cam. The shaft was made of chromium-molybdenum alloy steel 34 Cr-Mo4 (Material No. 1.7220) according to DIN 17200. Microstructural examination showed the shaft had ran hot, and there were no material defects. The shaft probably was overstressed by torsion forces. The presence of surface checks on both sides of the cam lobe that were filled with bearing metal proved that overstressing occurred through galling of the end faces of the bearing liners.
A Broken Cross-Recessed Die Made from High Speed Tool Steel
Authors: Kauczor Egon
Published: May 2019

A broken cross-recessed die was examined. Examination of the unetched, polished section for impurities revealed several coarse streaks of slag. The purity did not therefore correspond to the requirements set for a high speed tool steel of the given theoretical quality DMo 5. After etching with 5% nital the polished surface exhibited a pronounced, easily-visible, fibrous structure. Microscopic examination revealed that this etch pattern was produced by marked segregation bands. The very unfavorable structure for a high speed steel tool of these dimensions and subject to such stresses together with the low purity favored the fracture of the tool.
Thermal Fatigue Failure of a CrN-Coated Restrike Punch
Authors: Dhar Suranjeeta , Mohammed Fameeda , Xu Laura , Fontana Raymond
Published: May 2019

A CrN coated restrike punch was made of WR-95 (similar to H-11), which was fluidized bed nitrided. The coated punch was used on hot Inconel at about 1040 deg C (1900 deg F). However, a water-soluble graphite coolant was used to maintain the punch temperature at 230 deg C (450 deg F). Visual and binocular inspection at 64+ revealed presence of cracks and complete washout of coating in the working area of the failed punch. Comparison of metallographic cross sections of used and unused punches revealed a significant microstructural transformation in case of the used punch. Presence of a yellow porous layer was clearly evident between the nitrided layer and the coating, in case of the used punch. Cracks were observed to propagate from the outer surface into the bulk. Oxidation was evident along the cracks. The microstructural transformation observed in the case of the used punch was a clear indication of high temperature exposure (due to insufficient cooling) during application. The most probable cause of failure was thermal fatigue.
Stress-Corrosion Cracking of a Pandia Digester Inlet Cone
Authors: Chakrapani D. G.
Published: May 2019

The Pandia digester is a long cylindrical vessel which uses alkaline sulfite liquor to cook sawdust for pulping. The inlet cone was fabricated from AISI 304L stainless steel with E308 welds. Typical liquor concentration was approximately 80% NaOH, 20% Na2SO3 with chloride concentrations at 2 grams per liter. The operating pressures in the inlet cone were up to 1.2 MN/sq m (170 psig). The inlet cone had developed leaks within a year of service. Liquid penetrant inspection showed significant through-wall cracking near the fillet welds joining the bottom flange and side wall and the butt welds. Metallographic specimens were prepared from the welds to examine the microstructure and nature of the cracks. The cooking liquor at the inlet cone contained over ppm chlorides and was aggressive to 304 stainless steel. The cracking was identified as chloride-induced SCC. The inlet cone was replaced with an Inconel clad carbon steel inlet cone to combat the SCC.
Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Steel Falling Film Black Liquor Evaporator
Authors: Chakrapani D. G.
Published: May 2019

A falling film black liquor evaporator consisted of flat twin plate heat exchangers and was used to increase black liquor solids content prior to its burning in the recovery boiler. Several plate heat exchangers were fabricated of AISI type 316L stainless steel by electric resistance welding. Cracks initiated at the inside surface of the welded areas and penetrated through the wall thickness. In several locations, the weld fractured and the plates separated with significant spring back, indicative of high residual stresses attributed to fabrication and weld procedures. The cracks had extended radially from the electric resistant weld into the base metal. Metallographic examination revealed the cracks were transgranular and branching, characteristic of SCC in austenitic stainless steels. The fracture surfaces had a brittle cleavage-like appearance, typical of SCC in austenitic stainless steels. Chlorides in the service environment were a contributory factor. The primary factor causing SCC localized at the electric resistant welds was substantial residual stresses as a result of fabrication procedures. It was recommended that the heat exchanger plates be subjected to stress-relief heat treatment following fabrication and welding.
Cracking of Stainless Steel Suction Roll in a Paper Machine
Authors: Chakrapani D. G.
Published: May 2019

Two suction rolls at the first press section of a 25 ft. wide paper machine developed cracks within two years of service. The rolls were austenitic stainless steel castings made of ASTM A 351 Grade CF8M alloy containing molybdenum. The rolls were exposed to slightly acidic white water (pH approximately 4.7) containing chlorides (45 ppm). Visual and liquid penetrant inspections of the rolls revealed extensive cracking at the roll inside surface. The cracks penetrated more than 30 percent of the wall thickness and a few cracks were several inches long. The cracks were preferentially oriented along the roll length and primarily at the roll inside surface. Field metallographic examination showed significant grain boundary chromium-carbide precipitation and intergranular corrosion. The roll failures were attributed to chromium depletion along the grain boundaries (sensitization) resulting from slow cooling of the casting to avoid large residual stresses. The roll manufacturer recommended a proprietary ferritic/austenitic stainless steel as the replacement material for the rolls.
Failure of a Hi-Rail Device
Authors: Kaplan Mitchell P.
Published: May 2019

A hi-rail device is a vehicle designed to travel both on roads and on rails. In this case, a truck was modified to accept the wheels for rail locomotion. The rear wheel/axle set was attached to the truck frame. Both the front and rear wheel/axle sets were raised by means of a hydraulic cylinder driven off the PTO of the truck. The wheel/axle set was rigidly fixed into an up or down position by the use of locking pins. It was assumed by the manufacturer that there would be no load on the cylinder once the wheel/axle set was in its locked position. However, as the cylinder pivoted about its mounting trunnion and extended during its motion, it interfered with a frame member. This caused both a bending load and a rotational movement. These effects caused a combination of fretting, galling, and fatigue to the internal thread structure of the clevis. As a result of these deleterious effects, failure of the thread structure of the clevis occurred. The failure occurred where the cylinder rod screws into the clevis. The rod was manufactured from 1045 steel.
Failure Modes and Materials Performance of Railway Wheels
Authors: Liu Z.X. , Gu H.C.
Published: May 2019

In this study, the failure modes of cartwheel and mechanical properties of materials have been analyzed. The results show that rim cracking is always initiated from stringer-type alumina cluster and driven by a combination effect of mechanical and thermal load. The strength, toughness, and ductility are mainly determined by the carbon content of wheel steels. The fatigue crack growth resistance is insensitive to composition and microstructure, while the fatigue crack initiation life increases with the decrease of austenite grain size and pearlite colony size. The dynamic fracture toughness, KID, is obviously lower than static fracture toughness, KIC, and has the same trend as KIC. The ratio of KID/sigma YD is the most reasonable parameter to evaluate the fracture resistance of wheel steels with different composition and yield strength. Decreasing carbon content is beneficial to the performance of cartwheel.
An Investigation of Shell and Detail Cracking in Railroad Rails
Authors: Rungta Ravi , Rice Richard C. , Buchheit Richard D. , Broek David
Published: May 2019

A failure analysis case study on railroad rails is presented. The work, performed under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation, addresses the problem of shell and detail fracture formation in standard rails. Fractographic and metallographic results coupled with hardness and residual stress measurements are presented. These results suggest that the shell fractures form on the plane of maximum residual tensile stresses. The formation of the shells is aided by the presence of defects in the material in these planes of maximum residual stress. The detail fracture forms as a perturbation from the shell crack under cyclic loading and is constrained to develop as an embedded flaw in the early stages of growth because the crack is impeded at the gage side and surface of the rail head by compressive longitudinal stresses.
Interpretation of a “Rock Candy” Fracture Exhibited by a Steel Railroad Casting
Authors: Johnson Alan A. , Johnson David N.
Published: May 2019

Following a freight train derailment, part of a fractured side frame was retained for study because a portion of its fracture surface exhibited a rock candy appearance and black scale. It was suspected of having failed, thereby precipitating the derailment. Metallography, scanning electron microscopy, EDXA, and x-ray mapping were used to study the steel in the vicinity of this part of the fracture surface. It was found to be contaminated with copper. Debye-Scherrer x-ray diffraction patterns obtained from the scale showed that it consisted of magnetite and hematite. It was concluded that some copper was accidentally left in the mold when the casting was poured. Liquid copper, carrying with it oxygen in solution, penetrated the austenite grain boundaries as the steel cooled. The oxygen reacted with the steel producing a network of scale outlining the austenite grain structure. When the casting fractured as a result of the derailment, the fracture followed the scale in the contaminated region thus creating the “rock candy” fracture.
Metallographic Characterization of Liquid Metal Embrittlement in a Failed Locomotive Axle
Authors: Wilson B.M. , Weins W.N.
Published: May 2019

Metallography is an important component of failure analysis. In the case of a liquid metal embrittlement (LME) failure it is usually conclusive if a third phase constituent can be formed inside of the cracks after failure. In the case where it is necessary to characterize the third phase material, one can use various x-ray spectrographic techniques in conjunction with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This study describes those metallographic and SEM analysis techniques for determining the mode of failure for a locomotive traction motor by LME.
Effect of Curing Current on Stiffness and Damping Properties of Magnetorheological Elastomers
Authors: Hapipi Norhiwani , Mazlan Saiful Amri , Aziz Siti Aishah Abdul , Ubaidillah Ubaidillah , Choi Seung-Bok ,   Engineering Materials Structure and Technology Research Laboratory, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia,   Engineering Materials Structure and Technology Research Laboratory, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia,   National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Inha University, Korea
Published: May 2019

In this study, the viscoelastic effects of the magnetic field strength imposed for curing process on the stiffness and damping properties of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are experimentally investigated. In order to observe the effect, three different samples of MRE are fabricated by imposing curing current of 0.1 A, 0.3 A and 0.5 A which is equivalent to the magnetic field of 70 mT, 309 mT, and 345 mT, respectively. All samples consist of 30% silicone rubber and 70% carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) by weight percentages. After observing the morphological images via SEM, the dynamic performances of these samples, such as storage modulus and loss factor are evaluated and compared as a function of the magnetic field intensity or oscillation frequency. It is shown that the sample cured at 0.5A exhibits the highest storage modulus in the frequency domain. In addition, MR effects of three samples are identified, and it is found that the sample cured at 0.5A shows the highest absolute and relative MR effect.
İç ve Dış Müşteriler Açısından Kabin Hizmetleri Kalite Algısını Ölçmeye Yönelik Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma
Authors: AKPUR Akın , ZENGİN Burhanettin
Published: May 2019

Havayolu taşımacılığı, turizmin temelini oluşturan en önemli dinamiklerinden biridir. Sivil hava taşımacılığının 1950’lerden itibaren

gösterdiği gelişme ile uzak mesafelere hızlı, güvenli ve ekonomik ulaşım

sağlanmıştır. Küreselleşme ve liberalleşme ile birlikte dünyada birçok özel

havayolu işletmesi piyasaya girerek havayolu taşımacılığında yoğun rekabet

ortamını oluşturmuştur. Rekabetin en önemli araçlarından biri yüksek hizmet

kalitesidir. Çalışmanın amacı; yolcu ve kabin ekiplerinin hizmet kalitesi

algıları ölçülmeye çalışılarak, iç ve dış müşterilerin kabin hizmetlerine

ilişkin kalite algılarını ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu araştırma Türkiye’nin ilk ve

en büyük düşük maliyetli (low-cost) özel bir havayolu işletmesinin yolcu ve

kabin ekipleri ile yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma, nicel bir araştırma

olarak tasarlanmış olup veri toplama aracı olarak anket tekniğinden

yararlanılmıştır. Tesadüfi olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolayda örnekleme

yöntemi ile 456’sı yolcu 264’ı kabin ekibi olmak üzere toplam 720 anketten

veriler elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS istatistiksel analiz programından yararlanılmış- tır. Faktör analizi,

frekans analizi, korelasyon analizi, Kruskal Wallis Testi, Mann Whitney U

testi, bağımsız iki değişkenli t testi ve tek yönlü Anova testi kullanılarak

bulgular analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre kabin ekiplerinin, hizmet kalitesini yolculara göre daha yüksek

algıladıkları, yolcuların eğitim düzeylerinin hizmet kalitesi algısını

etkilemediği fakat kabin ekiplerinin eğitim düzeyleri ile hizmet kalitesi

algıları arasında anlamlı fark olduğu sonucuna

ulaşılmıştır.
Topkapı Sarayında III. Ahmet Kütüphanesi ve Çini Bezemeleri
Authors: UYSAL Zekiye
Published: May 2019

İstanbul’un fethinden bir

süre sonra Sultan II. Mehmet tarafından yaptırılan Topkapı Sarayı

(M.1458-1478); 19. Yüzyıl ortalarına kadar diğer sultanların eklettikleri

binalar ve onarımlarla son şeklini almıştır. Saraya yeni bölümler yaptıran

sultanlardan birisi olan III. Ahmet (M.1703-1730), harem bölümüne bir yemiş

odası ve üçüncü avluya bir kütüphane inşa ettirmiştir.Osmanlı tarihi içinde

onun saltanat dönemi “Lâle devri” olarak tanınır. Bu dönemin önde gelen

örneklerinden olan III. Ahmet Kütüphanesi’nin  mimarının Beşir Ağa olduğu ileri sürülür.Üçüncü

avludaki Havuzlu köşkün yerine yaptırılan kütüphane (H.1131/M.1719);  bodrum kat üzerine oturan kubbeli sofa ve buna

açılan üç eyvandan oluşur.Giriş kanadında üç bölmeli bir revak ve

revakın cephesine bitişik bir çeşme ve revakın orta kısmına bakan küçük boyutlu

ikinci bir çeşme yer alır. Yapı M.1856 yılındaki Enderun yangınında hasar

görmüş, yangından sonraki onarımda giriş cephesinde bazı değişiklikler

yapılmıştır. Kütüphanenin bu yangından önceki görünümü Levnî’nin

minyatürlerinde, Bartlett’in gravüründe ve bir tabloda izlenebilmektedir.

Cumhuriyet döneminde 1924-1999 yılları arasında birkaç kez onarılan yapı, en

son 2014-2018 yılları arasında restore edilmiştir.

III. Ahmet Kütüphanesi; Osmanlı köşk

tiplerinden ilham alan bodrum katlı planı, mermer malzemeyle kaplı anıtsal

cepheleri, ilginç çeşme yapılarıyla ilişkilendirilmiş revakı; zengin alçı

(ştuko) ve çinilerle bezeli iç mekanları, sedef kakmalı pencere

kepenkleri,  üst sıra pencerelerinin

revzenleri ve iç mekanda mermer sütunlar, başlıklar ve bunların üst

kısımlarındaki plastik ögeleriyle Lâle devrini en gösterişli biçimde yansıtan

yapılardan birisidir. Fakat iç cepheleri tavana kadar kaplayan çinilerin Lâle

devrinden önceye ait yapılardan getirildikleri bilinmektedir. Bu çinilerin

büyük çoğunluğu 17. yüzyıl ilk yarısına tarihlenebilirler. Bir grup çini ise

üslûp açısından 17. yüzyılın ikinci yarısına verilebilirler.  Lâle devrinin simge yapılarından birisi olan

III. Ahmet Kütüphanesi’nde Klâsik üsluptaki çinilerin kullanılması ilginç bir

tezat oluşturmaktadır.
MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN GEMAR MEMBACA PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI MODEL PREDICT OBSERVE EXPLAIN BERBASIS LITERASI
Authors: Fathiara Anggit , Badarudin Badarudin , Muslim Aji Heru
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAK: Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah rendahnya keterampilan berpikir kritis dan sikap gemar membaca peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dan sikap gemar membaca peserta didik melalui model pembelajaran Predict Observe Explain (POE) berbasis literasi. Penelitian ini terdiri dari tahapan perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik Kelas IV A SDN 4 Kotayasa yang berjumlah 26 peserta didik yang terdiri dari 12 peserta didik laki-laki dan 14 peserta didik perempuan. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan tes keterampilan berpikir kritis, lembar aktivitas guru, lembar aktivitas peserta didik, lembar observasi sikap gemar membaca peserta didik serta lembar skala sikap gemar membaca peserta didik. Hasil peningkatan yang terjadi dapat dilihat pada setiap siklusnya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran Predict Observe Explain (POE) berbasis literasi dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dan sikap gemar membaca peserta didik pada tema 7 Indahnya Keragaman di Negeriku di kelas IV A SDN 4 Kotayasa, Kecamatan Sumbang, Banyumas.  IMPROVING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS AND LIKE TO READ OF STUDENTS THROUGH PREDICT OBSERVE EXPLAIN MODELS BASED ON LITERACY ABSTRACT: The background of this study is the low level of critical thinking skills and the reading interest’s students. This study aims to improve critical thinking skills and the reading interest’s students through literacy-based Predict Observe Explain (POE) learning models. This research consists of stages of planning, action, observation and reflection. The subjects of this study were the 4th A grade students of SDN4 Kotayasawhich amount  to 26 students consisting of 12 boy and 14 girl. The tools that used for collecting data are tests of critical thinking skills, teacher activity sheets, student activity sheets, observation sheets, attitudes to reading students and scale sheets of attitude to love reading students. The results of the improvements that occur can be seen in each cycle. The results of this study indicate that the use of a literacy based Predict Observe Explain (POE) model can improve the critical thinking skills and the reading attitude of students in Theme 7 “The Beauty of Diversity in My Country”in 4th A grade SDN 4 Kotayasa, Sumbang Sub-District, Banyumas District.
‘I’m Not that Kind of Doctor’
Authors: Nelson Erica
Published: May 2019

Within multi-disciplinary global health interventions, anthropologists find themselves navigating complex relationships of power. In this article, I offer a critical reflection on this negotiated terrain, drawing on my experience as an embedded ethnographer in a four-year adolescent sexual and reproductive health research intervention in Latin America. I critique the notion that the transformative potential of ethnographic work in global health remains unfulfilled. I then go on to argue that an anthropological practice grounded in iterative, inter-subjective and self-reflexive work has the potential to create ‘disturbances’ in the status quo of day-to-day global health practice, which can in turn destabilise some of the problematic hubristic assumptions of health reforms.
Global Health Research, Anthropology and Realist Enquiry
Authors: Van Belle Sara
Published: May 2019

In this article, I set out to capture the dynamics of two streams within the field of global health research: realist research and medical anthropology. I critically discuss the development of methodology and practice in realist health research in low- and middle-income countries against the background of anthropological practice in global health to make claims on why realist enquiry has taken a high flight. I argue that in order to provide a contribution to today’s complex global issues, we need to adopt a pragmatic stance and move past disciplinary silos: both methodologies have the potential to be well-suited to an analysis of deep layers of context and of key social mechanisms.
Značaj upotrebe kuhinjske soli
Authors: Curman Liza , Cvrtila Željka , Dobranić Vesna , Mikuš Tomislav
Published: May 2019

Kuhinjska sol ima važnu ulogu u formiranju okusa i teksture hrane te u osiguranju njezine mikrobiološke stabilnosti. Sol je jedan od najstarijih konzervansa koji se upotrebljava u prehrambenoj industriji, a konzerviranje solju smatra se kemijskim postupkom kojim se postiže dehidracija hrane. Prekomjeran unos kuhinjske soli jedan je od najvažnijih čimbenika koji značajno narušava ljudsko zdravlje. Uobičajen unos soli, što znači i unosi natrija, visok je u razvijenim zemljama i premašuje količine potrebne za normalno funkcioniranje organizma. Procjenjuje se da je u Hrvatskoj prosječan dnevni unos soli od 12-16 g, dok je preporuka Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije do 5 g.