bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of phosphate-ion retention strenght in some types of Kakheti soils
Authors: Kupatadze Ketevan
Published: November 2020

The presented article describes the soil types existing in east Georgia, particularly in several villages of Gurjaani Municipality-Vazisubani, Kalauri, Mukuzani, Shashiani. Meadow-brown and brown soils represent good soil types for viticulture development in Kakheti. The vineyards cultivated on these soils produce such wellknown wines as Tsinandali, Vazisubani, Mukuzani, Akhasheni, Gurjaani, Manavi. The study explores brown carbonate and meadow-brown soil lab tests to examine the absorption of phosphate ions by them. The study showed that the amount of phosphorus deposited through soils is sufficiently absorbed under various conditions, having a positive effect on the amount of crop. Was compared the rates of phosphate absorption in these soils with the efficiency of phosphorus fertilizers, which showed that the higher the absorption of phosphorus, the lower the amount of phosphorus available to the plant and the lower the yield, and the lower the strength of phosphorus retention, the higher the amount of phosphorus to be consumed by the plant and the higher the yield. But under the conditions of high cultivation degree, the strength of phosphorus absorption became weak, resulted in a large amount of exchangeable and movable phosphates already existing in the soil, which is available to the plant. So, the efficacy of phosphorus fertilizers on such soil is weak. The speed of phosphorus absorption in the soil of Gurjaani municipality villages is satisfactory. However, in case of a high degree of cultivation (or in case of excess fertilization), the degree of phosphorus retention decreases. Accordingly, phosphorus-containing fertilizers should be used within strictly controlled limits.
Comparative Study on Antioxidant Activity of Salvia Nemorosa L. From Two Different Locations
Authors: Ghafiyehsanj Elham , Dilmaghani Kamaladdin , Chaparzade Nader , Saadatmand Sara
Published: November 2020

In order to investigate the antioxidant activity of Salvia nemorosa L. collected from Ahar and Urmia regions in Iran at different growth stages, aerial parts of sage after collecting were dried, and for measurement, the ability of scavenge DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical in different concentrations (0.025, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1, 0.2, 0.04 and 0.6) of methanolic extracts were prepared. The result showed that the ability to scavenge DPPH radical and amount of inhibition percent of vegetative stage leaves, flowering stage leaves, and flowers increased with increasing concentrations of methanolic extracts from 0.25 to 0.6 mg/ml. In the region of Urmia, the highest amount of DPPH inhibition there was in vegetative stage leaves, and the lowest amount of DPPH inhibition was seen in flowers. In Ahar regions, unlike the Urmia region, the highest amount of DPPH inhibition there was in flowers, but the lowest of DPPH inhibition was seen in flowering stage leaves. Also, the content of inhibition of DPPH in Ahar and Urmia regions similarly increased between two phenological stages (vegetative stage leaves, flowering stage leaves, and flowers) in 0.4 mg/ml and 0.6 mg/ml concentrations
The right to a name: Back to the future
Authors: Ulbashev Alim K.
Published: November 2020

This article focuses on the right to a name, which in private law doctrine is traditionally considered a basic human right. The meaning of this right is indisputable and holds a fundamental value for everyone, since a name individualizes each person. However, the purpose of this article is not to tell the history of this right, but to study its nature. The development of the internet and digital technologies has made it possible to take a fresh look at the right to a name; when registering on social media, a person also uses his or her name, and in some cases acquires a pseudonym (nickname). In this study, the author aims at answering the question of what, in the era of the internet, is truly meant by the right to a name. Methodologically, there are two general approaches to understand the right to a name: the first one is AngloAmerican and the second one is European. While it is typical for common-law countries to consider a name as an element of privacy, in continental legal tradition the right to a name is considered as a type of personal right, as well as one of the conditions of legal capacity. Both approaches are re-examined in this study. Having started with the right to a name, in the final paragraph of the article the author reaches the issue of the right to a pseudonym. This topic is illustrated with the case of “the fight against rootless cosmopolitism”, when many representatives of the Jewish intelligentsia in the Soviet Union became victims of discrimination, at a time when it public authorities assumed that the use of a pseudonym was dangerous as they could lose control over the people; ironically, many modern states have declared the same criticism of the right to a nickname regarding the internet. This example clearly shows that, throughout history, non-democratic regimes have systematically attacked and diminished the right to a name. It is concluded that the advent of new technologies has not changed the essence of a name. Therefore, any unreasonable limitation of the right to a name and the right to a pseudonym should be defined as a violation of the basic principles of democracy and the rule of law.
THE AIR VISCOSITY COEFFICIENT AND OTHER RELATED VALUES
Authors: Balevičius Ramojus , Miškinis Paulius
Published: November 2020

Experimental measurements of the dynamic coefficient of air viscosity were done. Numerous other related values such as the kinematic coefficient of air viscosity, the mean free path and the mean thermal square velocity of air molecules were determined. The dependence of the air dynamic viscosity coefficient on temperature was also obtained. It allowed us to determine the Sutherland’s corrections and to estimate the dimension of air molecules and the temperature gradients of the dynamic and kinematic coefficients of the air viscosity. The determined values were compared to the similar theoretical and experimental data obtained by other authors.
Reflected Light Observations of the Galilean Satellites from Cassini: A Test Bed for Cold Terrestrial Exoplanets
Authors: Mayorga L. C. , Charbonneau David , Thorngren D. P.
Published: November 2020

For terrestrial exoplanets with thin or no atmospheres, the surface contributes light to the reflected light signal of the planet. Measurement of the variety of disk-integrated brightnesses of bodies in the solar system and the variation with illumination and wavelength is essential for both planning imaging observations of directly imaged exoplanets and interpreting the eventual data sets. Here we measure the change in brightness of the Galilean satellites as a function of planetocentric longitude, illumination phase angle, and wavelength. The data span a range of wavelengths from 400 to 950 nm and predominantly phase angles from 0° to 25°, with some constraining observations near 60°–140°. Despite the similarity in size and density between the moons, surface inhomogeneities result in significant changes in the disk-integrated reflectivity with planetocentric longitude and phase angle. We find that these changes are sufficient to determine the rotational periods of the moon. We also find that at low phase angles, the surface can produce reflectivity variations of 8%–36%, and the limited high phase angle observations suggest variations will have proportionally larger amplitudes at higher phase angles. Additionally, all of the Galilean satellites are darker than predicted by an idealized Lambertian model at the phases most likely to be observed by direct imaging missions. If Earth-sized exoplanets have surfaces similar to that of the Galilean moons, we find that future direct imaging missions will need to achieve precisions of less than 0.1 ppb. Should the necessary precision be achieved, future exoplanet observations could exploit similar observation schemes to deduce surface variations, determine rotation periods, and potentially infer surface composition.
Dynamical Mass Estimates of the β Pictoris Planetary System through Gaussian Process Stellar Activity Modeling
Authors: Vandal Thomas , Rameau Julien , Doyon René
Published: November 2020

Nearly 15 yr of radial velocity (RV) monitoring and direct imaging enabled the detection of two giant planets orbiting the young, nearby star β Pictoris. The δ Scuti pulsations of the star, which overwhelm planetary signals, need to be carefully suppressed. In this work, we independently revisit the analysis of the RV data following a different approach than available in the literature to model the activity of the star. We show that a Gaussian process (GP) with a stochastically driven damped harmonic oscillator kernel can model the δ Scuti pulsations. It provides similar results to parametric models but with a simpler framework, using only three hyperparameters. It also enables us to model poorly sampled RV data that were excluded from previous analyses, hence extending the RV baseline by nearly five years. Altogether, the orbit and mass of both planets can be constrained from RV only, which was not possible with the parametric modeling. To characterize the system more accurately, we also perform a joint fit of all available relative astrometry and RV data. Our orbital solutions for

b favor a low eccentricity of

and a relatively short period of

yr. The orbit of

c is eccentric with

with a period of 3.36 ± 0.03 yr. We find model-independent masses of 11.7 ± 1.4 and 8.5 ± 0.5 

for

b and c, respectively, assuming coplanarity. The mass of

b is consistent with the hottest start evolutionary models, at an age of 25 ± 3 Myr. A direct detection of

c would provide a second calibration measurement in a coeval system.
Discovery of Extended Tidal Tails around the Globular Cluster Palomar 13
Authors: Shipp Nora , Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Tavangar Kiyan , Mateu Cecilia , Drlica-Wagner Alex
Published: November 2020

We use photometry from the DECam Legacy Survey to detect candidate tidal tails extending ∼5° on either side of the Palomar 13 globular cluster. The tails are aligned with the proper motion of Palomar 13 and are consistent with its old, metal-poor stellar population. We identify three RR Lyrae stars (RRLs) that are plausibly associated with the tails, in addition to four previously known in the cluster. From these RRLs, we find that the mean distance to the cluster and tails is 23.6 ± 0.2 kpc and estimate the total (initial) luminosity of the cluster to be

, consistent with previous claims that its initial luminosity was higher than its current luminosity. Combined with previously determined proper motion and radial velocity measurements of the cluster, we find that Palomar 13 is on a highly eccentric orbit (e ∼ 0.8) with a pericenter of ∼9 kpc and an apocenter of ∼69 kpc, and a recent pericentric passage of the cluster ∼75 Myr ago. We note a prominent linear structure in the interstellar dust map that runs parallel to the candidate tidal features, but conclude that reddening due to dust is unlikely to account for the structure that we observe. If confirmed, the Palomar 13 stellar stream would be one of very few streams with a known progenitor system, making it uniquely powerful for studying the disruption of globular clusters, the formation of the stellar halo, and the distribution of matter within our Galaxy.
Small-scale Magnetic Flux Ropes in the First Two Parker Solar Probe Encounters
Authors: Chen Yu , Hu Qiang , Zhao Lingling , Kasper Justin C. , Bale Stuart D. , Korreck Kelly E. , Case Anthony W. , Stevens Michael L. , Bonnell John W. , Goetz Keith , Harvey Peter R. , Klein Kristopher G. , Larson Davin E. , Livi Roberto , MacDowall Robert J. , Malaspina David M. , Pulupa Marc , Whittlesey Phyllis L.
Published: November 2020

Small-scale magnetic flux ropes (SFRs) are a type of structure in the solar wind that possess helical magnetic field lines. In a recent report we presented the radial variations of the properties of SFRs from 0.29 to 8 au using in situ measurements from the Helios, Advanced Composition Explorer/WIND (ACE/Wind), Ulysses, and Voyager spacecrafts. With the launch of the Parker Solar Probe (PSP), we extend our previous investigation further into the inner heliosphere. We apply a Grad–Shafranov-based algorithm to identify SFRs during the first two PSP encounters. We find that the number of SFRs detected near the Sun is much less than at larger radial distances, where magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence may act as the local source to produce these structures. The prevalence of Alfvénic structures significantly suppresses the detection of SFRs at closer distances. We compare the SFR event list with other event identification methods, yielding a dozen well-matched events. The cross-section maps of two selected events confirm the cylindrical magnetic flux-rope configuration. The power-law relation between the SFR magnetic field and heliocentric distances seems to hold down to 0.16 au.
On the Correlation between L Dwarf Optical and Infrared Variability and Radio Aurorae
Authors: Richey-Yowell Tyler , Kao Melodie M. , Pineda J. Sebastian , Shkolnik Evgenya L. , Hallinan Gregg
Published: November 2020

Photometric variability attributed to cloud phenomena is common in L/T transition brown dwarfs. Recent studies show that such variability may also trace aurorae, suggesting that localized magnetic heating may contribute to observed brown dwarf photometric variability. We assess this potential correlation with a survey of 17 photometrically variable brown dwarfs using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array at 4–8 GHz. We detect quiescent and highly circularly polarized flaring emission from one source, 2MASS J17502484-0016151, which we attribute to auroral electron cyclotron maser emission. The detected auroral emission extends throughout the frequency band at ∼5–25σ, and we do not detect evidence of a cutoff. Our detection confirms that 2MASS J17502484-0016151 hosts a magnetic field strength of ≥2.9 kG, similar to those of other radio-bright ultracool dwarfs. We show that Hα emission continues to be an accurate tracer of auroral activity in brown dwarfs. Supplementing our study with data from the literature, we calculate the occurrence rates of quiescent emission in L dwarfs with low- and high-amplitude variability and conclude that high-amplitude optical and infrared variability does not trace radio magnetic activity in L dwarfs.
Progenitors of Type IIb Supernovae. II. Observable Properties
Authors: Sravan Niharika , Marchant Pablo , Kalogera Vassiliki , Milisavljevic Dan , Margutti Raffaella
Published: November 2020

Type IIb supernovae (SNe IIb) present a unique opportunity for investigating the evolutionary channels and mechanisms governing the evolution of stripped-envelope SN progenitors due to a variety of observational constraints. Comparison of these constraints with the full distribution of theoretical properties not only helps determine the prevalence of observed properties in nature, but can also reveal currently unobserved populations. In this follow-up paper, we use the large grid of models presented in Sravan et al. to derive distributions of single and binary SNe IIb progenitor properties and compare them to constraints from three independent observational probes: multiband SN light curves, direct progenitor detections, and X-ray/radio observations. Consistent with previous work, we find that while current observations exclude single stars as SN IIb progenitors, SN IIb progenitors in binaries can account for them. We also find that the distributions indicate the existence of an unobserved dominant population of binary SNe IIb at low metallicity that arise due to mass transfer initiated on the Hertzsprung Gap. In particular, our models indicate the existence of a group of highly stripped (envelope mass ∼0.1–0.2M
☉) progenitors that are compact (<50R
☉) and blue (T
eff ≲ 105 K) with ∼104.5–105.5
L
☉ and low-density circumstellar mediums. As discussed in Sravan et al., this group is necessary to account for SN IIb fractions and likely exist regardless of metallicity. The detection of the unobserved populations indicated by our models would support weak stellar winds and inefficient mass transfer in SN IIb progenitors.
Black Hole Mergers from Hierarchical Triples in Dense Star Clusters
Authors: Martinez Miguel A. S. , Fragione Giacomo , Kremer Kyle , Chatterjee Sourav , Rodriguez Carl L. , Samsing Johan , Ye Claire S. , Weatherford Newlin C. , Zevin Michael , Naoz Smadar , Rasio Frederic A.
Published: November 2020

Hierarchical triples are expected to be produced by the frequent binary-mediated interactions in the cores of globular clusters. In some of these triples, the tertiary companion can drive the inner binary to merger following large eccentricity oscillations, as a result of the eccentric Kozai–Lidov mechanism. In this paper, we study the dynamics and merger rates of black hole (BH) hierarchical triples, formed via binary–binary encounters in the CMC Cluster Catalog, a suite of cluster simulations with present-day properties representative of the Milky Way’s globular clusters. We compare the properties of the mergers from triples to the other merger channels in dense star clusters, and show that triple systems do not produce significant differences in terms of mass and effective spin distribution. However, they represent an important pathway for forming eccentric mergers, which could be detected by LIGO–Virgo/KAGRA (LVK), and future missions such as LISA and the DECi-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory. We derive a conservative lower limit for the merger rate from this channel of 0.35 Gpc−3 yr−1 in the local universe and up to

∼
9
%

of these events may have a detectable eccentricity at LVK design sensitivity. Additionally, we find that triple systems could play an important role in retaining second-generation BHs, which can later merge again in the core of the host cluster.
Supernova X-Ray Database (SNaX) Updated to Ensure Long-term Stability
Authors: Nisenoff Alexandra , Dwarkadas Vikram V. , Ross Mathias C.
Published: November 2020

The Supernova X-Ray Database was established a few years ago to make X-ray data on supernovae (SNe) publicly available via an elegant searchable web interface. The database has recently been updated to PhP7, had security updates done, and moved to a new server, ensuring its long-term stability. We urge astronomers to continue to download the data as needed for their work. Those with X-ray data on SNe are requested to upload it to the database via the easily fillable spreadsheet, making it accessible to everyone.
Evidence That HR 6990 Is a Spectroscopic Binary Hosting a Chemically Peculiar Late B-type star
Authors: Monier Richard
Published: November 2020

The archival IUE spectra of the late B giant HR 6990 are used to show that the absorption lines undergo large radial velocity variations in 2 spectra taken 4 months and 10 days apart. These large RV variations confirm that HR 6990 is a spectroscopic binary. The detection of strong lines of P ii, Ga ii, Ga iii and Hg ii show that the brightest member of the system, HR 6990 A, is not a normal late B-type giant but a newly discovered Chemically Peculiar star, probably a phosphorus and gallium enriched main sequence star. The two high resolution IUE spectra do not allow us to elucidate the nature of the companion, HR 6990 B.
A new freshwater snail (Gastropoda, Pomatiopsidae) endemic to Fuxian Lake (Yunnan, China) identified, based on morphological and DNA evidence
Authors: Shi Ling , Shu Yu , Qiang Chen , Xu Ping , Tian Ying , Chang Yaqing
Published: November 2020

LacunopsisDeshayes, 1876 is restricted to South Asia and shows a remarkable regional distribution. Fifteen species have been reported from the lower Mekong River area of Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam. Two species,Lacunopsis aurisY.-Y. Liu, Y.-X. Wang & W.-Z. Zhang, 1980 andL. yunnanensisY.-Y. Liu, Y.-X. Wang & W.-Z. Zhang, 1980 occur in the Yunnan Province of China. The most recent treatments ofLacunopsisdate back to the 1970s and 1980s, therefore detailed information on anatomy and DNA analysis is lacking.

A new species of freshwater snail (Gastropoda, Pomatiopsidae),L. yuxiensissp. nov., is described, based on samples collected from Fuxian Lake (Yunnan, China). The new species is characterised by a solid and dark red shell with yellow spiral ribs on the whorls, reminiscent of marine gastropods of the family Trochidae. In addition to a description of the shell morphology and radula, molecular data are presented for the first time. This compilation of faunal and taxonomic data provides relevant information for use in conservation efforts. Additional molecular data may prove helpful for both reﬁning current knowledge on the morphological variability within this species and verifying the degree of cryptic diversity of this genus.
Illegal capture and internal trade of wild Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Sri Lanka
Authors: Prakash T. G. Supun Lahiru , Indrajith W. A. A. D. Upul , Aththanayaka A. M. C. P. , Karunarathna Suranjan , Botejue Madhava , Nijman Vincent , Henkanaththegedara Sujan
Published: November 2020

The illegal wildlife trade is considered one of the major threats to global biodiversity. Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) have been highly valued by various cultures for use in religious and spiritual contexts, as a draft animal, and more recently, as a tourist attraction. Thus, the demand for captive elephants is high. Wild Asian elephants are taken from the wild, often illegally, to maintain these captive populations due to the unviability of captive breeding programs. For the first time, we documented the extent to which wild elephants are being illegally captured and traded in Sri Lanka between January 2008 and December 2018. We collected data from case records maintained by the Sri Lanka court system where the suspects of illegal elephant trade were prosecuted in addition to information gathered by archives and interviews with various stakeholders. We documented 55 cases where elephants were illegally traded. This is probably an underestimate due to the mortality rate of elephants during capture operations, and challenges in collecting data on this highly organized illicit trade. Nearly equal numbers of male and female elephants were traded and more than 50% of them were juveniles, aged ≤5 years. Significantly more elephants were found to be seized in 2014–2015 than in the other time periods combined. We found evidence of the illegal capture of wild elephants from wildlife protected areas and state forests. More importantly, we identified evidence of corruption of wildlife officers, involvement of politicians and other high-ranking personnel in the illegal wildlife trade, and lack of active enforcement of wildlife law as major challenges to overcome if the illegal capture and domestic trade of wild elephants in Sri Lanka are to be halted. Based on our study, we make a series of recommendations that should result in implementing policy to reduce the trafficking of Asian elephants in Sri Lanka and improve the conservation management of the species.
The relevance of training specialists in the Health Technology Assessment in the world and Ukraine
Authors: Кotvitskа Alla А. , Nemchenko Alla S. , Nazarkina Viktorіia N.
Published: November 2020

Based on generalization of the modern international experience the areas of development of the methodology for training specialists in Health Technology Assessment (НТА) system have been determined; they reflect the categories of information consumers, the goal, methods, organizers and intermediaries of knowledge transfer. The analysis of the market of educational services, educational curricula and Internet resources in the field of НТА has been conducted. Based on the results they are classified into 4 groups – academic programs, professional improvement and continuing education, short-term training and information for various target groups, online courses at the pre-graduate level and for postgraduate training. According to the all-Ukrainian survey the necessity for training specialists in the field of “expert in assessing health technologies” has been confirmed. Based on the information needs, requirements of stakeholders and international experts in НТА a qualification characteristic, and on its basis – the professional academic program, have been developed at the National University of Pharmacy, as well as training of the corresponding specialists has been started. In the future, it is planned to expand educational services and conduct short-term courses and workshops, as well as online training of specialists in НТА at the postgraduate level.
Reproductive responses of the male Brandt’s vole, Lasiopodomys brandtii (Rodentia: Cricetidae) to tannic acid
Authors: Dai Xin , Zhou Ling-Yu , Xu Ting-Ting , Wang Qiu-Yue , Luo Bin , Li Yan-Yu , Gu Chen , Li Shi-Ping , Wang Ai-Qin , Wei Wan-Hong , Yang Sheng-Mei
Published: November 2020

Tannins are polyphenols that are present in various plants, and potentially contain antioxidant properties that promote reproduction in animals. This study investigated how tannic acid (TA) affects the reproductive parameters of male Brandt’s voles,Lasiopodomys brandtii(Radde, 1861). Specifically, the anti-oxidative level of serum, autophagy in the testis, and reproductive physiology were assessed in males treated with TA from the pubertal stage. Compared to the control, low dose TA enhanced relative testis and epididymis weight and sperm concentration in the epididymis, and significantly increased the level of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). mRNA levels of autophagy related genes LC3 and Beclin1 decreased significantly with low dose TA compared to the control. However, compared to the control, high dose TA sharply reduced the levels of serum SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, serum testosterone (T), and mRNA level in steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in the testis. Both sperm abnormality and mortality increased with high dose TA compared to the control and low dose TA. Collectively, this study demonstrated that TA treatment during puberty had a dose-dependent effect on the reproductive responses of male Brandt’s voles. TA might mediate autophagy in the testis, through both indirect and direct processes. TA mainly affected the reproductive function of male Brandt’s voles by regulating anti-oxidative levels. This study advances our understanding of the mechanisms by which tannins influence reproduction in herbivores.
Groupe d'avocats (droit de la famille)
Authors: Bertagna Lorraine , Karila-Danziger Anne , Gaffinel Coralie
Published: November 2020

Lorsque le droit collaboratif a été introduit en France il a eu un écho immédiat au sein du barreau de la famille. Un programme ambitieux de formation a été mis en œuvre et se poursuit avec succès. Par ailleurs des groupes de pratiques permettent d'approfondir, dans l'échange, la formation initiale. Trois avocates du barreau de Paris engagées dans ce mouvement, Lorraine Bertagna, Anne Karila-Danziger et Coralie Gaffinel, nous donnent des éléments concrets sur les Modes Alternatifs de Règlement des Litiges (MARL) et les techniques de négociation qui sont utilisées dans la médiation et dans le droit collaboratif. L'obligation de transparence est essentielle dans la recherche de solutions pérennes. Les accords doivent être construits grâce au partage de toutes les informations nécessaires ce qui implique une confidentialité renforcée. Ce qui se joue dans ces nouvelles pratiques modifie le comportement des avocats même quand ils interviennent dans des dossiers donnant lieu à des procédures judiciaires traditionnelles. Les acteurs de ces processus de négociation affirment vivre une véritable révolution culturelle qui change leur façon d'être avocat en s'inscrivant dans une éthique de la discussion en permettant la construction d'accords de bien meilleure qualité en comparaison des résultats obtenus à l'occasion de procédures contentieuses.
Groupe d'avocats (droit des affaires)
Authors: Ropars-Furet Anne-Carine , Herbet Jérôme , Poux Isaline
Published: November 2020

Cette table ronde fait ressortir qu'en droit des affaires des avocats inventent de nouvelles manières d'exercer leur métier. L'avocat en tant que médiateur de la communication joue un rôle primordial et privilégié pour établir ou rétablir un dialogue entre les parties et/ou avec l'institution judiciaire. Cette mutation nécessite une pédagogie adaptée et une préparation importante, tant des réflexes « guerriers » peuvent être ancrés profondément chez les clients et chez les autres avocats. La dimension humaine des dossiers de droits des affaires est essentielle. Les avocats ont aussi cette mission de permettre la prise en compte de tous les paramètres d'un conflit ou d'une négociation. Le rôle de l'avocat n'est plus alors seulement de représenter son client devant les juridictions, d'y porter sa voix, mais de l'aider à sortir du différent en l'aidant à co-construire la solution qui répondra au mieux à ses besoins concrets et à ses intérêts. Travailler de manière plus intelligente, faire grandir le couple avocat-client, être partenaire et pédagogue, s'investir dans des solutions novatrices susceptibles de tenir dans le temps. Voilà le programme que se donnent certains avocats.
Groupe d'avocats (droit pénal)
Authors: Glon Catherine , Mikowski Alain
Published: November 2020

Cette table ronde fait ressortir qu'en droit pénal, la pratique du métier d'avocat s'est transformée durant ces dernières décennies. D'abord dans les rapports entre l'avocat et les autres auxiliaires de justice, au premier rang desquels le magistrat avec qui une culture de la défiance semble s'être malheureusement instaurée, toujours au détriment du justiciable. Les avocats dénoncent une justice qui se déshumanise, à l'image du développement de la visio-conférence. Ensuite avec l'apparition de nouvelles procédures comme la comparution sur reconnaissance préalable de culpabilité (CRPC) et la Question Prioritaire de Constitutionnalité (QPC) qui si elle ne semble pas avoir transformé en profondeur la pratique du métier et les rapports entre l'avocat, son client et le juge, est unanimement reconnue comme une avancée considérable pour le respect des droits fondamentaux. Dans les rapports de l'avocat avec son client, on retrouve ici des problématiques qui ont trait à l'éthique de l'exercice de cette profession. À la lumière de ces constatations, le rôle de l'avocat pénaliste - qui apparaît peut-être comme le dernier bouclier à la dérive d'une justice déshumanisée et axée sur la seule logique du traitement de flux - n'a jamais semblé aussi important qu'aujourd'hui.
Le métier d'avocat en transition. Réflexions autour des tables rondes
Authors: Milburn Philip
Published: November 2020

L'article s'emploie à extraire les éléments essentiels des propos et propositions des avocats qui s'expriment dans les tables rondes. Il remet ainsi en perspective les différentes dimensions des enjeux qui ressortent dans le contexte de l'évolution actuelle de la profession. Le développement d'une approche collaborative des réponses apportées aux affaires notamment contentieuses dans différents domaines juridiques interroge directement les pratiques et les références du métier d'avocat en France, et de sa culture qui fonctionne comme un sens commun de l'activité qui peut être appelé à changer pour faire pièce aux menaces qui planent au-dessus de la profession.
Magistrats - avocats, des relations sans règle du jeu
Authors: Garapon Antoine
Published: November 2020

Il est commun de dire que les magistrats et les avocats sont les maillons essentiels de la chaîne de la Justice. Mais comment la faire tenir s'il manque désormais les axes pour les relier ? Cet article part de l'intuition selon laquelle les relations avocats/magistrats se sont ternies ces dernières décennies du fait de la disparition d'une règle du jeu commune. Comme dans le film de Renoir, c'est d'abord une règle du jeu social qui fait défaut, chacun ayant évolué vers des affinités politiques et économiques différentes. Elle s'accompagne de l'absence d'affiliations symboliques et d'une instabilité croissante de la définition du rôle et de la place de chacun dans la procédure et le procès qui constitue, malgré une révolution certaine à venir, le moment clé de justice.
« Existe-t-il une vérité ? » : un dialogue entre avocat et philosophe
Authors: Mathias Laurence , Bertagna Lorraine
Published: November 2020

Cet article ambitionne de mettre en relation deux points de vue : celui du philosophe et celui de juriste, sur la question de savoir ce qu'est la vérité et plus globalement sur le rôle que peut avoir l'avocat dans cette perspective. Laurence Mathias se propose de répondre à la question de savoir s'il existe une vérité. Question qui intéresse nécessairement le juriste et notamment l'avocat qui participe à établir la vérité judiciaire . Selon la philosophie, il est essentiel que l'on puisse trancher entre le vrai et le faux. C'est ainsi que la vérité doit être une pour exister. C'est à ce prix que l'horizon même de la raison, de la pensée et du commun peut être assuré. Cependant, existe-t-il vraiment une vérité sur laquelle tout le monde puisse s'accorder ? L'avocate Lorraine Bertagna revient sur son expérience personnelle dans le domaine du droit de la famille. Elle explique ainsi que la vérité dans son métier doit être nuancée. Contrairement à l'image populaire du métier - qui se transforme en désillusion parfois douloureuse pour le justiciable - l'œuvre de Justice a rarement intérêt à donner un gagnant et un perdant, à faire prévaloir la vérité d'une partie sur celle de l'autre en l'érigeant en vérité, si ce n'est absolue, tout du moins judiciaire.
Les « langues » de la poésie épigraphique
Authors: Santin Eleonora
Published: November 2020

Cet article ouvre le dossier « Langue poétique et formes dialectales dans les inscriptions versifiées grecques » qui se compose de sept contributions centrées sur les aspects linguistiques des poèmes épigraphiques. L’objectif de cette introduction est de poser les termes du débat actuel sur un sujet qui n’a jamais été abordé en tant que tel dans un ouvrage collectif et de présenter les apports de la discussion menée lors d’une journée d’étude qui a eu lieu à Lyon le 15 juin 2018. L’intérêt d’un tel dossier réside dans l’approche originale de ses contributions qui ne cherchent pas une norme à tout prix, mais observent une réalité extrêmement nuancée pour y découvrir éventuellement des tendances d’ordre général ou propres à un cadre local ou régional ; le thème des aspects linguistiques des inscriptions versifiées nécessitait d’être exploré à nouveau à la lumière des découvertes archéologiques plus récentes, des nouvelles contributions scientifiques et notamment des acquis sur l’importance des contextes géographique, chronologique, monumental et culturel des textes.
À la recherche d’une langue poétique : les épigrammes préhellénistiques du Péloponnèse
Authors: Guijarro Ruano Paloma
Published: November 2020

L’objectif de cette étude est d’examiner le contact linguistique qui se produit entre la tradition littéraire ionienne-épique et les dialectes doriens dans la poésie épigraphique péloponnésienne. L’analyse repose sur l’étude des inscriptions votives versifiées datées avant la diffusion de la koinè ionienne-attique ( vii e - iv e  siècles av. J.-C.). L’examen de ce corpus nous amène à postuler qu’à la base de ces compositions se trouve une langue mêlée, qui constituait une tentative de création d’une langue poétique différenciée de la langue quotidienne. Mais contrairement à l’opinion la plus répandue, cette langue de compromis ne supprime pas les traits épichoriques. Ainsi, il s’avère que les caractéristiques poétiques héritées de l’épopée ne se justifient que par les contraintes métriques. Inversement, les traits épichoriques affleurent, même dans des contextes où ils altèrent la structure prosodique.
Archaic and Classical Inscribed Epigrams from Sicily: Language and Archaeological Context
Authors: Tribulato Olga
Published: November 2020

La Sicile ancienne, terre grecque riche en manifestations culturelles et littéraires, a fourni un nombre réduit d’épigrammes épigraphiques. L’objectif de cette contribution est de présenter le panorama des huit épigrammes réalisées entre la période archaïque et classique, ainsi que de signaler leurs choix linguistiques. Les épigrammes votives étant pour la plupart formulaires, et deux des épigrammes funéraires étant fragmentaires, les résultats de l’étude des choix dialectaux par rapport à la langue littéraire traditionnelle du genre épigrammatique sont limités. Afin de surmonter ces problèmes interprétatifs, cette contribution considère le contexte archéologique des quatre épigrammes funéraires comme une clé fondamentale pour comprendre comment elles s’insèrent dans l’habitus épigraphique de la Sicile archaïque et classique.
Travailler à l’hôpital : un siècle et demi de reconfigurations des métiers
Authors: Chevandier Christian
Published: November 2020

Depuis le milieu du xix e siècle, l’activité des hôpitaux n’a cessé de se modifier, nécessitant la mise en place de nouveaux métiers, dont le principal est celui d’infirmière. Mais les métiers en eux-mêmes, les qualifications comme les pratiques, ont singulièrement évolué tandis que les effectifs n’ont cessé de croître. Après la Libération, la mise en place de l’État social s’est accompagnée de la promotion d’un nouveau métier, celui de directeur, qui s’est peu à peu imposé face au corps médical.
La réforme hospitalière, creuset d’une administration spécialisée. Analyse de la formation et des transformations de la direction des hôpitaux (1970-2010)
Authors: Gay Renaud
Published: November 2020

Depuis qu’elles se succèdent pour maîtriser la dépense publique à partir des années 1970, les réformes hospitalières affectent la division du travail administratif et la distribution de capacités d’action entre organisations publiques. C’est ainsi que, au fil des réformes, se constitue une direction des hôpitaux au ministère de la santé, puis se définit son domaine d’intervention et s’éprouve son autonomie d’action. Il se dégage de l’analyse trois séquences historiques décrivant un processus discontinu de concentration organisationnelle des tâches administratives auquel peuvent concourir d’autres processus politiques déconnectés des réformes et qui interroge l’homogénéité culturelle de la direction.
Les comparaisons internationales des hôpitaux : apports et limites des statistiques disponibles
Authors: Paris Valérie
Published: November 2020

Cet article présente une revue critique des données disponibles pour les comparaisons internationales de l’offre et de l’activité hospitalières et des dépenses associées. Il montre que les différences entre pays résultent à la fois du rôle joué par les hôpitaux dans les systèmes de santé, de différences dans le champ couvert par les statistiques nationales et de variations géographiques dans le recours aux soins. Les comparaisons portant sur l’ensemble des établissements et des séjours ne permettent pas de porter un jugement éclairé sur l’adéquation de l’offre ou sur l’efficience des hôpitaux, qui nécessitent des analyses plus fines au niveau d’un diagnostic ou d’une intervention.
Agences régionales de santé : mission impossible
Authors: Pierru Frédéric
Published: November 2020

Créées en 2010, issues d’une fusion des services déconcentrés de l’État et des services régionaux de l’assurance maladie, les agences régionales de santé (ARS) sont, depuis la crise dite des « gilets jaunes » et, surtout, la pandémie de Covid-19, sur la sellette. À rebours des analyses de type ingénierie administrative, cet article cherche à comprendre la fragilité de ces fausses agences en les ré-encastrant dans leur environnement économique, social et politique. Il souligne en particulier que les ARS sont dans une position structurellement intenable entre l’État central, entré en mode de consolidation budgétaire depuis 2010, et des acteurs « territoriaux » qu’elles ont pour charge de tenir et de piloter à distance. De plus, déjà mal dotées en moyens humains et matériels, elles ont subi le rabot budgétaire alors que leurs missions sont des plus larges. Cet article est donc la chronique de l’échec programmé d’agences n’ayant pas les moyens de répondre aux attentes d’une société sécularisée et politiquement désenchantée pour qui la protection de la vie est devenue une sorte d’idéologie de remplacement.
Les rapports entre établissements d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes et Agences régionales de santé au prisme de la logique comptable
Authors: Xing-Bongioanni Jingyue
Published: November 2020

Dans les années 2000, plusieurs réformes ont porté sur la régulation étatique des soins médico-sociaux dans les établissements d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (EHPAD), avec notamment l’introduction des outils standardisés comme méthodes tarifaires. Cet article questionne l’impact des réformes néolibérales sur leurs metteurs en œuvre (ici les tarificateurs) et plus particulièrement les rapports entre ces derniers et les gouvernés (ici les EHPAD). Cette étude montre que les nouveaux outils tarifaires ont significativement changé le travail de tarification des EHPAD. En conséquence, les rapports entre les tarificateurs de l’ARS et les directeurs d’EHPAD ont évolué. Désormais, les tarificateurs perçoivent et traitent différemment les EHPAD et leurs gestionnaires, en opposant deux catégories : les excédentaires et les déficitaires. Le modèle de régulation de type « magistrature sociale » laisse place à un modèle de régulation à distance par la logique comptable. Néanmoins, tous les EHPAD ne sont pas soumis aux mêmes règles, on constate des exceptions au profit des établissements influents.
La recherche d’un mode de financement unique des établissements de soins : le mythe de la convergence tarifaire
Authors: Domin Jean-Paul
Published: November 2020

Ce travail s’intéresse à la mise en œuvre, depuis le début des années 2000, d’un nouveau mode de financement dans les établissements hospitaliers : la tarification à l’activité. Si la convergence tarifaire entre les secteurs publics et privés constitue le mot d’ordre et la cible prioritaire des politiques depuis 2004, il n’en reste pas moins que sa mise en œuvre, d’une part, est assez complexe et, d’autre part, ne tient pas compte des spécificités de chacun des deux secteurs. La mise en œuvre de la convergence tarifaire est d’autant plus délicate que la différence de coûts entre les deux secteurs est aujourd’hui assez bien documentée (effets de taille et de gamme d’activités, caractéristiques des patients, prise en charge des pathologies lourdes...).
Safe and Effective Use of Venlafaxine, Mirtazapine, and Aripiprazole in an Adolescent with Treatment-Resistant Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Aksu Gulen Guler , Dogdu Pinar Akdere , Dag Pelin , Kutuk Meryem Ozlem , Toros Fevziye
Published: November 2020

Managing treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (TR-OCD) is often a challenge for clinicians, especially when adolescents and children are the patients. Approximately one-quarter to one-third of children with OCD do not respond to first-line treatments. Studies on the combination of venlafaxine and mirtazapine in children and adolescents are promising, but there is insufficient information about the use of this combination in TR-OCD. As far as we know, this is the first report of an adolescent patient with TR-OCD who responded favorably to a combination of a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (venlafaxine), an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist (mirtazapine), and an atypical antipsychotic (aripiprazole). This case provides an example of the effective and safe use of the venlafaxine, mirtazapine, and aripiprazole given in combination in an adolescent with TR-OCD.

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Psychiatr Ann
. 2020;50(11):509–512.]
Racial Disparities in Perinatal Mental Health
Authors: Huggins Bronwyn , Jones Clancy , Adeyinka Oluwaseyi , Ofomata Adaora , Drake Christin , Kondas Cathy
Published: November 2020

Black, Latinx, and Indigenous women in need of perinatal mental health services encounter the intersection of disparities in both obstetric care and mental health care. It is essential that psychiatrists gain an understanding of the historic and remaining structural elements that may affect the quality of care provided to pregnant and peripartum Black, Latinx and Indigenous patients. In this article, we briefly discuss the historic context of structural racism in reproductive care. We then describe the current state of racial disparities in perinatal mental health. This is followed by a description of the structural elements that reinforce the effect of racism in perinatal mental health care as well as brief recommendations to begin to address these structures. The article begins and ends with illustrative cases describing the toll exacted by racial disparities and the potential remedies.

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Psychiatr Ann
. 2020;50(11):489–493.]
Acting Against Racism in Departments of Psychiatry
Authors: Drake Christin , Lewis Crystal F.
Published: November 2020

In the midst of an unprecedented social movement against racism in America and call to action for all organizational sectors, medicine, both academia and practice, has become a salient focus during this time given the impact of racism on our nation's health. Academic departments of psychiatry, in particular, should be at the forefront of these efforts and have high potential to enact change and lead interventions across their wider institutions. We begin this article by describing the role of race and the impact of structural racism on Black patients and faculty. We go on to discuss the many complex challenges presented by the task of dismantling racist structures in order to build just organizational norms. Finally, we offer initial strategies toward racial equity modeled after those we are implementing and evaluating in our own department.

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Psychiatr Ann
. 2020;50(11):499–504.]
Development of a Predictive Model for Role Strain in Registered Nurses Returning to School
Authors: Lengacher Cecile A
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

This study identified the individual characteristics that are expected to predict and explain role strain in registered nurses (IU1Is) returning to school. A model was developed and tested to predict and explain role strain. The characteristics expected to predict role strain were personality, stage of career development, and marital status. Personality was assessed by the Comrey Personality Scales, stage of career development was assessed by the Career Concerns Inventory, and the criterion variable role strain was assessed by the Lengacher Role Strain Inventory. À convenience sample of 123 RN students were asked to participate in the study and 86 RNs volunteered. The data were analyzed using multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results of the stepwise regression analysis identified 13 variables as significant predictors of role strain. A double cross-validation regression procedure was completed to validate the results of the multiple regression analysis. In subsample A of the cross-validation analysis, six variables were found to be significant predictors of role strain, while in subsample B, 12 variables were significant predictors.