bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oligodendrocyte and Extracellular Matrix Contributions to Central Nervous System Motor Function: Implications for Dystonia
Authors: Yellajoshyula Dhananjay , Pappas Samuel S. , Dauer William T.
Published: January 2022

The quest to elucidate nervous system function and dysfunction in disease has focused largely on neurons and neural circuits. However, fundamental aspects of nervous system development, function, and plasticity are regulated by nonneuronal elements, including glial cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The rapid rise of genomics and neuroimaging techniques in recent decades has highlighted neuronal–glial interactions and ECM as a key component of nervous system development, plasticity, and function. Abnormalities of neuronal–glial interactions have been understudied but are increasingly recognized to play a key role in many neurodevelopmental disorders. In this report, we consider the role of myelination and the ECM in the development and function of central nervous system motor circuits and the neurodevelopmental disease dystonia. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
New decay rates for a Cauchy thermoelastic laminated Timoshenko problem with interfacial slip under Fourier or Cattaneo laws
Authors: Guesmia Aissa
Published: January 2022

The objective of the present paper is to investigate the decay of solutions for a laminated Timoshenko beam with interfacial slip in the whole space
subject to a thermal effect acting only on one component modeled by either Fourier or Cattaneo law. When the thermal effect is acting via the second or third component of the laminated Timoshenko beam (rotation angle displacement or dynamic of the slip), we obtain that both systems, Timoshenko–Fourier and Timoshenko–Cattaneo systems, satisfy the same polynomial stability estimates in the L2‐norm of the solution and its higher order derivatives with respect to the space variable. The decay rate depends on the regularity of the initial data. In addition, the presence and absence of the regularity‐loss type property are determined by some relations between the parameters of systems. However, when the thermal effect is acting via the first component of the system (transversal displacement), a new stability condition is introduced for both Timoshenko–Fourier and Timoshenko–Cattaneo systems. This stability condition is in the form of threshold between polynomial stability and convergence to zero. To prove our results, we use the energy method in Fourier space combined with judicious choices of weight functions to build appropriate Lyapunov functionals.
Local well‐posedness to the 2D Cauchy problem of nonhomogeneous heat‐conducting Navier–Stokes and magnetohydrodynamic equations with vacuum at infinity
Authors: Chen Hong , Zhong Xin
Published: January 2022

This paper concerns the Cauchy problem of nonhomogeneous heat‐conducting magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations in
with vacuum as far‐field density. By spatial weighted energy method, we derive the local existence and uniqueness of strong solutions provided that the initial density and the initial magnetic decay not too slowly at infinity. As a byproduct, we get the local existence of strong solutions to the 2D Cauchy problem for nonhomogeneous heat‐conducting Navier–Stokes equations with vacuum at infinity.
IoT enabled smart bus for COVID‐19
Authors: Anandkumar A. , Dinakaran Kathiravan , Mani T.
Published: January 2022

The main objective of this project is to ensure the safety precautions in public transportation. This project monitors and stores the database of number of allowed users with their respective temperature. The person's identity is monitored with the help of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The sensors and RFID reader are interfaced with the Arduino. If the temperature is increased then the threshold level alert message is passed to the person personal mobile through global system of mobile communication and the bus door does not get opened. Then if any fire, breakdown and accident exist it sends intimation to the nearby hospitals and fire service via the control room. The current location of the bus is known by using global positioning system. The entire module information controlled by IoT and the data are stored in cloud server. This system also can be implemented in theaters\shopping malls to monitor the number of allowed persons with their respective temperature as per government instructions.
Utilization of MG‐ADL in myasthenia gravis clinical research and care
Authors: Muppidi Srikanth , Silvestri Nicholas J. , Tan Robin , Riggs Kimberly , Leighton Trevor , Phillips Glenn A.
Published: January 2022

The Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Living (MG‐ADL) scale is an 8‐item patient‐reported scale that measures myasthenia gravis (MG) symptoms and functional status. The objective of the current review is to summarize the psychometric properties of the MG‐ADL and published evidence of MG‐ADL use. A targeted literature review for published studies of the MG‐ADL was conducted using a database and gray literature search. A total of 48 publications and 35 clinical trials were included. Studies indicated that the MG‐ADL is a reliable and valid measure that has been used as an outcome in clinical trials and observational studies to measure MG symptoms and response to treatment. While most often used as a secondary endpoint in clinical trials, its use as a primary endpoint has increased in recent years. The most common MG‐ADL endpoint is change in MG‐ADL score from baseline, although there has been an increase in the analysis of a responder threshold using the MG‐ADL. A new concept of minimal symptom expression (MSE) has emerged more recently. Duration of treatment effect is another important construct that is being increasingly evaluated using the MG‐ADL. The use of the MG‐ADL as a primary endpoint in clinical trials and in responder threshold analyses to indicate treatment improvement has increased in recent years. MSE using the MG‐ADL shows promise in helping to determine success of treatment and may be the aspirational goal of MG treatment for the future once validated, particularly given the evolving treatment landscape in MG.
Female Sex Ratio Bias in Extended Growth Hatchery Walleye Fingerlings Produced in Wisconsin
Authors: Sass Greg G. , Shaw Stephanie L. , Gorne Jeremiah A. , Godard Danielle , Nietlisbach Nicole , Giehtbrock David , Sikora Angelena , Muench Gary , Tate Lori , Wawronowicz Larry , Hsu Hui-Min
Published: January 2022

Sex differentiation in teleost fish is complex and often dictated by genetics, environmental conditions, and population density during critical embryonic/larval development periods. Walleye Sander vitreus have a long propagation and stocking history, and sex ratios of hatchery-reared Walleye have been variable, typically skewed towards males, and potentially influenced by temperature. In contrast to previous fry and small fingerling Walleye stocking in Wisconsin water bodies, the Wisconsin Walleye Initiative of 2013 focused on the production of extended growth Walleye fingerlings (EGW) stocked out in fall under the assumption of greater survivorship and in response to observed declines in Walleye natural recruitment. Observed sex ratios of adult Walleye in a stocked northern Wisconsin lake chain were suggestive of EGW sex ratios skewed towards females. This lake chain has been under rehabilitation and an aggressive EGW stocking regime due to prolonged Walleye natural recruitment failures. To test whether imbalances in EGW were occurring, we collected 30 EGW from one Wisconsin hatchery in 2019 and about 50 EGW from each of three Wisconsin hatcheries in 2020 to histologically determine sex ratios. In 2019, EGW were about 97% female. In 2020, the percentage of females in hatchery samples ranged from 60% to 100%. Nonfemales in 2019 and 2020 were all undifferentiated. Our results suggest that EGW raised in Wisconsin under similar incubation and rearing protocols may be skewed towards females. If sex ratios of EGW are skewed towards females, the use of EGW may hinder efforts to rehabilitate natural recruitment. A deductive experimental and observational framework will be used to test for mechanism(s) influencing the high percentage of females in the hatchery product to inform protocols to better balance sex ratios.
Environmental Cues of Spawning Migration into a Confined Wetland by Northern Pike and Common Carp in Lake Erie: Identifying Fine-Scale Patterns
Authors: Stott Nathan , Miner Jeffrey
Published: January 2022

Restoration of wetlands in the Laurentian Great Lakes is designed to improve numerous ecosystem services including nutrient sequestration, support recreational uses, augment waterfowl habitat, and provide spawning and nursery habitat for fish. These projects often use Northern Pike Esox lucius, as a sentinel species for assessing restoration success because of their obligate use of emergent and submergent vegetation by the early life stages. However, invasive species such as Common Carp Cyprinus carpio also utilize these habitats and can have negative effects. Thus, fostering the use of these wetlands by Northern Pike and limiting access by invasive carp is a common restoration management concern. Using a dual frequency sonar system to observe fish migration in a recently connected Lake Erie coastal wetland, we were able to identify fine-scale environmental correlates to immigration by each species during early spring. Both species overwhelmingly migrated during daylight hours and against the flow of water that was generated through seiche-driven water oscillations. However, Northern Pike predominantly immigrated during the initial increase in water temperature immediately after ice-out; Common Carp also began to enter the wetland at low temperatures shortly after ice-out, but immigration exhibited a slow exponentially increasing pattern, such that the primary immigration timing differed by almost 30 d. Thus, we demonstrate common fine-scale spawning migration patterns (i.e., water oscillation effects and time of day) for both species and reinforce the temperature-correlated differences in spawning migration. Using these results could enable managers of connected wetlands to more precisely and dynamically manage habitat accessibility for desired species like Northern Pike while better regulating invasive Common Carp spawning migration and use of these systems.
Lower bound limit analysis for an axisymmetric problem in rock mass using power cone programming
Authors: Rahaman Obaidur , Kumar Jyant
Published: January 2022

By using the lower bound finite elements limit analysis (LB‐FELA) and the power cone programming (PCP), a methodology has been introduced to solve an axisymmetric stability problem with the usage of the generalized Hoek and Brown (GHB) yield criterion‐ applicable for rock mass. The formulation involves the application of the GHB yield criterion in its native form without any smoothing and it does not require any assumption associated with the circumferential stress (σθ). The efficacy of the proposed formulation in a rock mass has been demonstrated by determining (i) the bearing capacity of a circular footing, (ii) the stability numbers for an unsupported vertical cylindrical excavation, and (iii) the vertical uplift capacity of a circular horizontal anchor. The obtained solutions have been compared with that reported in literature. Failure patterns for each problem have also been explored. For the anchor problem, for no solution is reported with the usage of the GHB criterion, the influences of different material yield parameters (GSI, mi, and σci), unit weight of rock mass (γ), and the embedment ratio (H/B) of the anchor on the uplift capacity have been comprehensively examined.
International Continence Society (ICS) report on the terminology for sexual health in men with lower urinary tract (LUT) and pelvic floor (PF) dysfunction
Authors: Kocjancic Ervin , Chung Eric , Garzon Joaquin Alvarez , Haylen Bernard , Iacovelli Valerio , Jaunarena Jorge , Locke Jennifer , Millman Alexandra , Nahon Irmina , Ohlander Samuel , Pang Ran , Plata Mauricio , Acar Omer
Published: January 2022

Introduction

The terminology for sexual health in men with lower urinary tract (LUT) and pelvic floor (PF) dysfunction has not been defined and organized into a clinically based consensus terminology report. The aim of this terminology report is to provide a definitional document within this context that will assist clinical practice and research.

Methods

This report combines the input of the members of sexual health in men with LUT and PF Dysfunction working group of the International Continence Society (ICS), assisted at intervals by external referees. Appropriate core clinical categories and a sub‐classification were developed to give coding to definitions. An extensive process of 18 rounds of internal and external review was involved to exhaustively examine each definition, with decision‐making by collective opinion (consensus). The Committee retained evidence‐based definitions, identified gaps, and updated or discarded outdated definitions. Expert opinions were used when evidence was insufficient or absent.

Results

A terminology report for sexual health in men with LUT and PF dysfunction, encompassing 198 (178 NEW) separate definitions, has been developed. It is clinically based with the most common diagnoses defined. Clarity and user‐friendliness have been key aims to make it interpretable by practitioners and trainees in all the different speciality groups involved. Conservative and surgical managements are major additions and appropriate figures have been included to supplement and clarify the text. Emerging concepts and measurements, in use in the literature and offering further research potential, but requiring further validation, have been included as an appendix. Interval (5–10 years) review is anticipated to keep the document updated.

Conclusion

A consensus‐based terminology report for sexual health in men with LUT and PF dysfunction has been produced to aid clinical practice and research. The definitions that have been adopted are those that are most strongly supported by the literature at this time or are considered clinical principles or consensus of experts' opinions.
The effectiveness of lamotrigine for persistent depressive disorder: A case report
Authors: Matsuzaka Yusuke , Urashima Kayoko , Sakai Shintaro , Morimoto Yoshiro , Kanegae Shinji , Kinoshita Hirohisa , Imamura Akira , Ozawa Hiroki
Published: January 2022

Aim

Persistent depressive disorder (PDD) was first introduced in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition (DSM‐5), which encompasses numerous different conditions, including dysthymia, recurrent major depressive disorder, double depression, and chronic major depression. SSRIs are the first‐line drugs for treatment of PDD; however, not all patients respond to SSRI treatment.

Case presentation

We describe a woman who was diagnosed with PDD. At the age of 38, the patient presented with anxiety, reduced energy, marked tiredness, and sleep disturbances. She was prescribed with three antidepressants (paroxetine, duloxetine, and mirtazapine), which were not effective in relieving her symptoms. She was also prescribed bromazepam, which was also not effective. Subsequently, she was switched to lamotrigine, which resulted in a marked improvement in symptoms. The antidepressants and bromazepam were gradually tapered and discontinued.

Conclusion

This case demonstrates that lamotrigine may be effective for treating patients with antidepressant resistant PDD and suggests that it may be a promising alternative to combination therapy of antidepressants and benzodiazepines in the treatment of PDD.
Accelerated identification algorithms for rational models based on the vector transformation
Authors: Pu Yan , Chen Jing , Yang Yongqing , Zhu Quanmin
Published: January 2022

An accelerated algorithm, termed as Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization gradient‐based iterative algorithm, is proposed for rational models in this article. The algorithm can obtain the optimal parameter estimates in one iteration for the reason that the information vectors obtained by using the vector transformation are independent of each other. Compared to the least squares algorithm and the traditional gradient‐based iterative algorithm, the proposed algorithm does not require the matrix inversion and eigenvalue calculation, thus it can be applied to nonlinear systems with complex structures or large‐scale systems. Since the information vector of the rational models contains the latest output that is correlated with the noise, a bias‐compensated Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization gradient‐based iterative algorithm is introduced, by which the unbiased parameter estimates can be obtained. Two simulated examples are applied to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Thermal, morphological and mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced star‐branched polyamide 6
Authors: Wang Chunhua , Zhang Yingwei , Yi Yong , Lai Dengwang , Yang Jun , Wang Wenzhi
Published: January 2022

Using star‐branched polyamide 6 (SPA6) with hexafunctional cyclotriphosphazene core as a matrix resin and glass fiber (GF) as a reinforcing material, star‐branched polyamide 6/glass fiber (SPA6/GF) composites with different GF content were prepared by melt‐compounding method. The star‐branched structure of SPA6 and GF content have great effects on the properties of SPA6/GF composites. Compared with linear polyamide 6 (LPA6), SPA6 with star‐branched structure has low viscosity, high melt flowability and good impregnation and adhesion to GF, which endow SPA6/GF composites outstanding processability, good surface qualities and excellent mechanical properties even when the content of GF reaches 60 wt%. The use of SPA6 resin with star‐branched structure fundamentally solves the industry problem of traditional LPA6 resin in high‐filled modification. Such high‐performance SPA6/GF composites will provide great promise for large‐scale applications.
Study on cutting force and induced thermal damage of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites using microscopic simulation modeling
Authors: Xiao Jianzhang , Wang Guifeng , Su Hang , Huang Pengcheng
Published: January 2022

A three‐dimensional (3D) microscopic finite element (FE) cutting model was developed with the thermo‐mechanical coupling for carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites in this article. The model predictions of cutting force, machined surface, and cutting temperature at various fiber orientations were obtained and compared with the experimental data. It was shown that the 3D microscopic cutting model can predict the cutting force, cutting temperature, and subsurface damage precisely. The behavior of cutting force has presented an obviously cyclical variation characteristics at the fiber orientations of 0°, 45°, and 90°, and different chip morphologies were obtained correspondingly. The temperature fields of machined surface were studied at the four different fiber orientations, in which the maximum residual temperature on the machined surface occurs at 90°. The heat‐induced resin coating and resin ridges on the machined surface were obviously observed at the fiber orientations of 45° and 135°. The trend curve of cutting temperature is more similar with that of thrust force by comparing with cutting force, which meaning, unlike the isotropic metal materials, the thrust force has the direct effect on the heat generation. In addition, the comparison of depth of thermal and mechanical subsurface damage was also performed, it was showed that the depths of thermal subsurface damage are close to that of mechanical subsurface damage in the range of 0°–45°, and the thermal subsurface damage decrease while the mechanical subsurface damage increases with the increase of the fiber orientation range from 90° to 180°.
Impact of introducing cell‐free DNA screening into clinical care on first trimester ultrasound
Authors: Doulaveris Georgios , Igel Catherine M. , Estrada Trejo Fatima , Fiorentino Desiree , Rabin‐Havt Sara , Klugman Susan , Dar Pe'er
Published: January 2022

Objective

First‐trimester ultrasound is an important component of prenatal care. We investigated the impact of introducing cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) aneuploidy screening into routine care, on performance of first‐trimester ultrasound.

Methods

Retrospective study of patients who had prenatal care at a tertiary referral center. We compared the performance of any first‐trimester ultrasound between three different aneuploidy screening protocols, used consecutively during the study period: (1) combined first‐trimester screening (FTS); (2) FTS and cfDNA offered together; (3) patients requested to choose between FTS and cfDNA. Secondary outcomes included performance of nuchal translucency (NT), aneuploidy screens and diagnostic genetic procedures.

Results

The number of patients undergoing first‐trimester ultrasound remained similar with the second protocol but decreased in the third (68.7% vs. 40.9%, OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.25–0.4, p < 0.001). Diagnostic procedures decreased between protocol 1 and 2 (7.6% vs. 4.4%, OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37–0.93, p = 0.02) while NT scans decreased between protocol 2 and 3 (6.8% vs. 1.3%, OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.09–0.4, p < 0.001). The rate of FTS decreased over the study period and less women had cfDNA when they had to choose one method (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Introducing cfDNA screening as an alternative to FTS, resulted in fewer patients receiving ultrasound in the first‐trimester.
Adjustment of young women with breast cancer after chemotherapy: A mediation model of emotional competence via emotional distress
Authors: Baudry Anne‐Sophie , Yakimova Sonya , Congard Anne , Untas Aurélie , Guiu Séverine , Lefeuvre‐Plesse Claudia , Loustalot Catherine , Guillemet Cécile , Segura‐Djezzar Carine , Savoye Aude‐Marie , Coussy Florence , Frenel Jean‐Sébastien , Vanlemmens Laurence , Christophe Véronique
Published: January 2022

Objective

Emotional competence (EC) is considered a substantial resource in the adjustment of cancer patients, especially via its effect on anxiety and depression symptoms. This research aimed at assessing the impact of intrapersonal EC in young women (≤45 years) with breast cancer (YWBC) on their specific quality of life (i.e. subjective experience related to daily difficulties and perceived repercussions of the disease and treatments) related to chemotherapy, via anxiety and depression symptoms.

Methods

Two hundred fifty YWBC from 24 French centers completed a self‐reported questionnaire after diagnosis (T1) and after the chemotherapy phase (T2), comprising the Young Women Breast Cancer Inventory, the Profile of EC and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The indirect effect of EC (T1) on subjective experience (T2) via anxiety and depression symptoms (T2) was tested using regressions and the Macro PROCESS.

Results

Emotional competence predicted fewer anxiety and depression symptoms at T1 and T2, and a better subjective experience at T2 via fewer anxiety and depression symptoms. Depression symptoms appeared to be a stronger mediator than anxiety symptoms on four dimensions (Support from close relatives, feeling of couple cohesion, body image and sexuality, management of children and everyday life), whereas anxiety symptoms appeared to be a stronger mediator on two dimensions (negative affectivity and apprehension about the future, deterioration of relationships).

Conclusions

These results support the importance of developing psycho‐affective interventions to reinforce the EC of YWBC during chemotherapy in order to facilitate the cognitive and emotional processes necessary for a better adjustment and subjective experience.
Emamectin benzoate as a potential molluscicide against white garden snail, Theba pisana in association with biochemical defects
Authors: Gad Amira F
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

The white garden snail, Theba pisana, is distributed worldwide and is a serious molluscan pest of different crops. Emamectin benzoate (EMB) ‘an avermectin derivative’ is a novel biorational agent and highly effective pesticide. This study focused on the lethal and in vivo sublethal toxic effect of EMB on the energy reserves (glycogen, lipids and proteins), total energy reserves and activities of glutathione S‐transferase (GST), γ‐glutamyl transferase (γ‐GT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the hepatopancreas of T. pisana for up to 7 days of exposure.

RESULTS

The median lethal dose (LD50) at 48 h of EMB treatment was 5.34 μg g−1 body weight (b.w.). Sublethal doses of 1.07 and 3.20 μg g−1 b.w. (i.e., 20% and 60% of the LD50) led to significant dose‐ and time‐dependent decreases in glycogen and lipids; these doses increased the total protein level. Overall, the tested sublethal doses significantly decreased the total energy reserves. Moreover, GST and γ‐GT activities were elevated, whereas the activities of AST and ALT were inhibited in the exposed snails. A decrease in LDH activity after 1 and 3 days of exposure and an increase after 7 days of exposure were seen in snails treated with EMB.

CONCLUSION

EMB exerted lethal toxicity on T. pisana and consequently caused changes in energy reserve levels and enzyme activities in the animal. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Statistical reliability analysis of electronic devices using generalized progressively hybrid censoring plan
Authors: Elshahhat Ahmed , Abu El Azm Wael S.
Published: January 2022

Generalized progressive hybrid censoring plan proposed to overcome the limitation of the progressive hybrid censoring scheme is that it cannot be applied when very few failures may occur before pre‐specified terminal time . In this paper, the estimating problems of the model parameters, reliability and hazard rate functions of Nadarajah‐Haghighi distribution when a sample is available from generalized progressive hybrid censoring have been considered. The maximum likelihood and Bayes estimators have been obtained for any function of the model parameters. Approximate confidence intervals for the unknown parameters and any function of them are constructed. Using independent gamma informative priors, the Bayes estimators of the unknown parameters are derived under the squared‐error loss function. Two approximation techniques, namely: Lindley approximation method and Metropolis Hastings algorithm have been used to carry out the Bayes estimates and also to construct the associate highest posterior density credible intervals. The performance of the proposed methods are evaluated through a Monte Carlo simulation study. To select the optimum censoring scheme among different competing censoring plans, different optimality criteria have been considered. A real‐life dataset, representing the failure times of electronic devices, is analyzed to demonstrate how the applicability of the proposed methodologies in real phenomenon.
Nonlinear dynamic modeling and model predictive control of thrombin generation to treat trauma‐induced coagulopathy
Authors: Ghetmiri Damon E. , Menezes Amor A.
Published: January 2022

This article is motivated by the pressing need to robustly automate clinical interventions for trauma‐induced coagulopathy (TIC). TIC occurs after severe trauma and shock, and has poor outcomes and about 30% mortality. Although modulating the blood proteins that drive TIC can improve patient outcomes, no practical control‐oriented methodology exists to accurately capture biochemical process dynamics and satisfactorily regulate clotting. Hence, we propose a nonlinear dynamic coagulation model that distills the complex biochemical reactions of clotting and also simultaneously generalizes an existing linear phenomenological model. Using our new nonlinear model, we demonstrate the feasibility of model predictive control (MPC) to automate clinical treatments, first in a single‐input case that is similar to current open‐loop clinical practice, and second in a multi‐input case that administers three blood proteins as system inputs to attain satisfactory TIC treatment. The output in both cases is the key clotting protein thrombin. To test robustness, we confirm that both single‐input and multi‐input MPC are suitable for TIC treatment in the presence of an experimentally observed nonlinearity, an unknown state‐dependent power law input delay. Thus, this article provides a strong foundation to transition current open‐loop clinical approaches to closed‐loop process control.
Evaluating the effects of an electric barrier on fish entrainment in an irrigation canal in Colorado
Authors: Kowalski Dan A. , Gardunio Eric I. , Garvey Chase A.
Published: January 2022

Entrainment of fish in irrigation canals is a source of mortality for sport and native fishes and can affect populations and species diversity. To reduce entrainment of wild trout, an electric barrier was installed on the South Canal, an irrigation ditch on the Gunnison River in western Colorado, USA. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the barrier by marking fish upstream of it and estimating fish populations in the canal downstream before and after the barrier was operational. Three groups of fish were tagged and released upstream of the barrier: fish from the canal, wild fish from the Gunnison River, and hatchery‐reared Rainbow Trout. Boat electrofishing was completed in the canal reach below the barrier, and population estimates were made with the Huggins Closed Capture Model. The estimated Brown Trout population of the canal declined following the installation of the barrier, but Rainbow Trout remained stable because of the entrainment of small fish and their growth and survival in the canal. A total of 288 tagged fish less than 300 mm and 4 fish greater than 300 mm were recovered below the barrier, representing 1.3% of all tagged fish. The electric barrier appears to successfully exclude a portion of adult‐sized trout from the irrigation canal, but smaller adult and sub‐adult trout can pass the barrier. The entrainment, growth, and survival of smaller fish maintain a reduced but stable population of fish in the canal, but fewer entrained mature fish is likely a benefit to the populations of the Gunnison River.
3D Printing of Functional Metal and Dielectric Composite Meta‐Atoms
Authors: Stevens Christopher John , Spanos Ioannis , Vallechi Andrea , McGhee Jack , Whittow William
Published: January 2022

In this report, a novel fabrication method, based on casting Field's metal inside dielectric molds made via fused deposition modeling, is presented. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) has become one of the most common rapid prototyping methods. Whilst it generally produces good quality mechanical structures in thermoplastics, few reliable methods have been demonstrated that produce good quality 3D electrically conductive structures. By using Field's metal to transform dielectric molds into conductive structures, nearly any continuous metal geometry buried within the polymer can be created, allowing for the realization of complex 3D architectures. A wide range of thermoplastic materials used in fused deposition modeling have been investigated, to identify the best candidates in terms of processing temperature, relative permittivity, and loss tangent. Experimental measurements and X‐ray computer tomography scans are used to determine the quality of structures fabricated using this method. Based on these findings, functional metamaterials devices operating at 600–700 MHz with highQ‐factors have been produced. This method shows potential to be incorporated into standard FDM setups and could be utilized for the fabrication of curved and 3D geometries.
The Importance of Decarbonylation Mechanisms in the Atomic Layer Deposition of High‐Quality Ru Films by Zero‐Oxidation State Ru(DMBD)(CO)3
Authors: Schneider Joel R. , de Paula Camila , Lewis Jacqueline , Woodruff Jacob , Raiford James A. , Bent Stacey F.
Published: January 2022

Achieving facile nucleation of noble metal films through atomic layer deposition (ALD) is extremely challenging. To this end, η4‐2,3‐dimethylbutadiene ruthenium(0) tricarbonyl (Ru(DMBD)(CO)3), a zero‐valent complex, has recently been reported to achieve good nucleation by ALD at relatively low temperatures and mild reaction conditions. The authors study the growth mechanism of this precursor by in situ quartz‐crystal microbalance and quadrupole mass spectrometry during Ru ALD, complemented by ex situ film characterization and kinetic modeling. These studies reveal that Ru(DMBD)(CO)3 produces high‐quality Ru films with excellent nucleation properties. This results in smooth, coalesced films even at low film thicknesses, all important traits for device applications. However, Ru deposition follows a kinetically limited decarbonylation reaction scheme, akin to typical chemical vapor deposition processes, with a strong dependence on both temperature and reaction timescale. The non‐self‐limiting nature of the kinetically driven mechanism presents both challenges for ALD implementation and opportunities for process tuning. By surveying reports of similar precursors, it is suggested that the findings can be generalized to the broader class of zero‐oxidation state carbonyl‐based precursors used in thermal ALD, with insight into the design of effective saturation studies.
Organic β‐cyclodextrin Nanoparticle: An Efficient Building Block Between Functionalized Poly(pyrrole) Electrodes and Enzymes
Authors: Buzzetti Paulo Henrique M. , Carrière Marie , Brachi Monica , Gorgy Karine , Mumtaz Muhammad , Borsali Redouane , Cosnier Serge
Published: January 2022

Glyconanoparticles (GNPs) made by self‐assembly of carbohydrate‐based polystyrene‐block‐β‐cyclodextrin copolymer are used as a building block for the design of nanostructured biomaterials of electrode. The firm immobilization of GNPs is carried out on electrochemically generated polymer, poly(pyrrole‐adamantane), and copolymer, poly(pyrrole‐adamantane)/poly(pyrrole‐lactobionamide) via host–guest interactions between adamantane and β‐cyclodextrin. The ability of GNPs for the specific anchoring of biological macromolecules is investigated using glucose oxidase enzyme modified by adamantane groups as a protein model (GOx‐Ad). The immobilization of GOx‐Ad is carried out by incubation of an aqueous enzyme solution on a coating of GNPs adsorbed on a platinum electrode. The presence of immobilized GOx‐Ad is evaluated in aqueous glucose solution by potentiostating the underlying platinum electrode at 0.7 V/SCE for the electro‐oxidation of H2O2 generated by the enzyme. The analytical performance of the bioelectrodes for the detection of glucose is compared to control electrodes prepared without GNPs or without electropolymerized films. The better permeability of copolymer compared to polymer and the possibility to elaborate two alternating layers of GNPs and GOx‐Ad are clearly observed. The best amperometric response is recorded with a multilayered bioelectrode displaying a wide linear range linear range of the calibration curve: 68 µmol L−1 to 0.1 mol L−1.
Flavor symmetries in an SU(5) model of grand unification
Authors: Lindestam Malte , Ohlsson Tommy , Pernow Marcus
Published: January 2022

Abstract

We investigate the options for imposing flavor symmetries on a minimal renormalizable non-supersymmetric SU(5) grand unified theory, without introducing additional flavor-related fields. Such symmetries reduce the number of free parameters in the model and therefore lead to more predictive models. We consider the Yukawa sector of the Lagrangian, and search for all possible flavor symmetries. As a result, we find 25 distinct realistic flavor symmetry cases, with ℤ2, ℤ3, ℤ4, and U(1) symmetries, and no non-Abelian cases.
Electroweak phase transitions with BSM fermions
Authors: Gabelmann Martin , Mühlleitner M. Margarete , Müller Jonas
Published: January 2022

Abstract

We study the impact of additional beyond-the-Standard Model (BSM) fermions, charged under the Standard Model (SM) SU(2)L ⊗ U(1)Y gauge group, on the electroweak phase transition (EWPT) in a 2-Higgs-Doublet-Model (2HDM) of type II. We find that the strength of the EWPT can be enhanced by about 40% compared to the default 2HDM. Therefore, additional light fermions are a useful tool to weaken the tension between increasing mass constraints on BSM scalars and the requirement of additional light scalar degrees of freedom to accommodate a strong first order EWPT. The findings are of particular interest for a variety of (non-minimal) split supersymmetry scenarios which necessarily introduce additional light fermion degrees of freedom.
A stochastic representation for the solution of approximated mean curvature flow
Authors: Grande Raffaele
Published: January 2022

The evolution by horizontal mean curvature flow (HMCF) is a partial differential equation in a sub-Riemannian setting with applications in IT and neurogeometry [see Citti et al. (SIAM J Imag Sci 9(1):212–237, 2016)]. Unfortunately this equation is difficult to study, since the horizontal normal is not always well defined. To overcome this problem the Riemannian approximation was introduced. In this article we obtain a stochastic representation of the solution of the approximated Riemannian mean curvature using the Riemannian approximation and we will prove that it is a solution in the viscosity sense of the approximated mean curvature flow, generalizing the result of Dirr et al. (Commun Pure Appl Math 9(2):307–326, 2010).
Predictors for wound healing complications and prolonged hospital stay in patients with isolated calcaneal fractures
Authors: Bläsius Felix Marius , Stockem Laura Elisabeth , Knobe Matthias , Andruszkow Hagen , Hildebrand Frank , Lichte Philipp
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Surgically treated calcaneal fractures have a high risk of postoperative wound healing complications and a prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS). The aim of this study was to identify predictor variables of impaired wound healing (IWH) and LOS in surgically treated patients with isolated calcaneal fractures.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study analyzed data on patients aged 18 years or older who were admitted to a level I trauma center with isolated calcaneal fractures between 2008 and 2018. Multivariable regression models were used to identify predictor variables.

Results

In total, 89 patients (age: 45.4 years; SD: 15.1) were included. In 68 of these patients, low-profile locking plate osteosynthesis was performed, and a minimally invasive approach (MIA) (percutaneous single screws/K-wire or low-profile locking plating via a sinus tarsi approach) was applied in 21 patients. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that a higher preoperative Böhler’s angle (β = − 0.16 days/degree, 95% CI [− 0.25, − 0.08], p = 0.004) and MIA (β = − 5.04 days, 95% CI [− 8.52, − 1.56], p = 0.002) reduced the LOS. A longer time-to-surgery (β = 1.04 days/days, 95% CI [0.66, 1.42] p = 0.001) and IWH increased the LOS (β = 7.80 days, 95% CI [4.48, 11.12], p = 0.008). In a subsequent multivariable regression analysis, two variables, open fractures (OR: 14.6, 95% CI [1.19, 180.2], p = 0.030) and overweight (BMI > 24) (OR: 3.65, 95% CI [1.11, 12.00], p = 0.019), increased the risk of IWH.

Conclusion

Advanced treatment algorithms for open fractures are needed to reduce the risk of IWH.
Interactions Between Plastic, Microbial Biofilms and Gammarus pulex: An Initial Investigation
Authors: Valentine Katey L. , Boxall Alistair B. A.
Published: January 2022

There is increasing evidence that microbial biofilms which form on the surface of marine plastics can increase plastics palatability, making it more attractive to organisms. The same information, however, does not exist for freshwater systems. This study observed the response of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex when exposed to 3 cm-diameter discs of biofilm-covered plastic, both alone and when presented alongside its natural food. G. pulex did not fragment or consume the plastic materials, and the presence of colonised plastic in the immediate environment did not alter the amount of time organisms spent interacting with their natural food. This study provides baseline information for virgin and microbially colonised low-density polyethylene and polylactic acid film. Further studies, with other types of plastic possessing different physical properties and with different microbial biofilm compositions are now required to build further understanding of interactions between plastic, microbial biofilms, and freshwater shredding invertebrates.
Recurrence in traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations increases the prevalence of Hill–Sachs and Bankart lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rutgers Cain , Verweij Lukas. P. E. , Priester-Vink Simone , van Deurzen Derek F. P. , Maas Mario , van den Bekerom Michel P. J.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The extent of shoulder instability and the indication for surgery may be determined by the prevalence or size of associated lesions. However, a varying prevalence is reported and the actual values are therefore unclear. In addition, it is unclear whether these lesions are present after the first dislocation and whether or not these lesions increase in size after recurrence. The aim of this systematic review was (1) to determine the prevalence of lesions associated with traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations, (2) to determine if the prevalence is higher following recurrent dislocations compared to first-time dislocations and (3) to determine if the prevalence is higher following complete dislocations compared to subluxations.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and Web of Science were searched. Studies examining shoulders after traumatic anterior dislocations during arthroscopy or with MRI/MRA or CT published after 1999 were included. A total of 22 studies (1920 shoulders) were included.

Results

The proportion of Hill–Sachs and Bankart lesions was higher in recurrent dislocations (85%; 66%) compared to first-time dislocations (71%; 59%) and this was statistically significant (P < 0.01; P = 0.05). No significant difference between recurrent and first-time dislocations was observed for SLAP lesions, rotator-cuff tears, bony Bankart lesions, HAGL lesions and ALPSA lesions. The proportion of Hill–Sachs lesions was significantly higher in complete dislocations (82%) compared to subluxations (54%; P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Higher proportions of Hill–Sachs and Bankart were observed in recurrent dislocations compared to first-time dislocations. No difference was observed for bony Bankart, HAGL, SLAP, rotator-cuff tear and ALPSA. Especially when a Hill–Sachs or Bankart is present after first-time dislocation, early surgical stabilization may need to be considered as other lesions may not be expected after recurrence and to limit lesion growth. However, results should be interpreted with caution due to substantial heterogeneity and large variance.

Level of evidence

IV.
Chromatographic fingerprint application possibilities in food authentication
Authors: Górska-Horczyczak Elżbieta , Zalewska Magdalena , Wierzbicka Agnieszka
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of the use of low-peak chromatographic fingerprints for the differentiation of various food products. Three groups of unprocessed products (mushrooms, hazelnuts and tomatoes), food preparations (bread, dried herbs and tomato juice) and alcoholic beverages (vodka and two types of blended whiskey) were examined. A commercial electronic nose based on ultrafast gas chromatography (acquisition time 90 s) with a flame ionization detector was used for the research. Static headspace was used as a green procedure to extract volatile compounds without modifying the food matrix. Individual extraction conditions were used for each product group. Similarities and differences between profiles were analyzed by simple Principal Components Analysis. The similarity rating was determined using the Euclidean distances. Global model was built for recognition chromatographic fingerprints of food samples. The best recognition results were 100% and 89% for tomato juices, spices, separate champignon elements and hazelnuts. On the other hand, the worst recognition results were 56% and 77% for breads and strong alcoholic beverages.
Ibandronate Suppresses Changes in Apatite Orientation and Young's Modulus Caused by Estrogen Deficiency in Rat Vertebrae
Authors: Ishimoto Takuya , Saito Mitsuru , Ozasa Ryosuke , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Nakano Takayoshi
Published: January 2022

Bone material quality is important for evaluating the mechanical integrity of diseased and/or medically treated bones. However, compared to the knowledge accumulated regarding changes in bone mass, our understanding of the quality of bone material is lacking. In this study, we clarified the changes in bone material quality mainly characterized by the preferential orientation of the apatite c-axis associated with estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis, and their prevention using ibandronate (IBN), a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate. IBN effectively prevented bone loss and degradation of whole bone strength in a dose-dependent manner. The estrogen-deficient condition abnormally increased the degree of apatite orientation along the craniocaudal axis in which principal stress is applied; IBN at higher doses played a role in maintaining the normal orientation of apatite but not at lower doses. The bone size-independent Young's modulus along the craniocaudal axis of the anterior cortical shell of the vertebra showed a significant and positive correlation with apatite orientation; therefore, the craniocaudal Young’s modulus abnormally increased under estrogen-deficient conditions, despite a significant decrease in volumetric bone mineral density. However, the abnormal increase in craniocaudal Young's modulus did not compensate for the degradation of whole bone mechanical properties due to the bone loss. In conclusion, it was clarified that changes in the material quality, which are hidden in bone mass evaluation, occur with estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis and IBN treatment. Here, IBN was shown to be a beneficial drug that suppresses abnormal changes in bone mechanical integrity caused by estrogen deficiency at both the whole bone and material levels.