bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Chemokine CXCL1 as a Mediator for Neutrophil Recruitment Associated With Blood-Retinal Barrier Alteration in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Monickaraj Finny , Acosta Gabriella , Cabrera Andrea P. , Das Arup
Published: March 2023

Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). To precisely define the inflammatory mediators, we examined the transcriptomic profile of human retinal endothelial cells exposed to advanced glycation end products, which revealed the neutrophil chemoattractant chemokine CXCL1 as one of the top genes upregulated. The effect of neutrophils in the alteration of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) was further assessed in wild-type C57BL/6J mice intravitreally injected with recombinant CXCL1 as well as in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Both intravitreally CXCL1-injected and diabetic animals showed significantly increased retinal vascular permeability, with significant increase in infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes in retinas and increased expression of chemokines and their receptors, proteases, and adhesion molecules. Treatment with Ly6G antibody for neutrophil depletion in both diabetic mice as well as CXCL1-injected animals showed significantly decreased retinal vascular permeability accompanied by decreased infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes and decreased expression of cytokines and proteases. CXCL1 level was significantly increased in the serum samples of patients with DR compared with samples of those without diabetes. These data reveal a novel mechanism by which the chemokine CXCL1, through neutrophil recruitment, alters the BRB in DR and, thus, serves as a potential novel therapeutic target.

Article Highlights

Intravitreal CXCL1 injection and diabetes result in increased retinal vascular permeability with neutrophil and monocyte recruitment. Ly6G antibody treatment for neutrophil depletion in both animal models showed decreased retinal permeability and decreased cytokine expression. CXCL1 is produced by retinal endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes. CXCL1 level is significantly increased in serum samples of patients with diabetic retinopathy. CXCL1, through neutrophil recruitment, alters the blood-retinal barrier in diabetic retinopathy and, thus, may be used as a therapeutic target.
Combined PTEN Knockdown and Local Insulin in Chronic Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Pham Vuong M. , Komirishetty Prashanth , Areti Aparna , Poitras Trevor , Thakor Nitish , Zochodne Douglas W.
Published: March 2023

Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) renders progressive sensory neurodegeneration linked to hyperglycemia and its associated metabolopathy. We hypothesized that there may be additive impacts of direct insulin signaling, independent of glycemia and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) knockdown on neuropathy. Our targets for combined interventions were neurons and Schwann cells (SCs) in vitro and chronic type 1 DPN in mice. Insulin receptor expression was not altered by high-glucose conditions in neurons or SCs, and insulin promoted survival of neurons and proliferation of SCs in vitro. There were additive impacts between insulin signaling and PTEN knockdown in sensory neuron outgrowth and in axon myelination by SCs. In a chronic mouse model of experimental DPN, unilateral intra–hind paw injections of a PTEN siRNA and local insulin had additive impacts on correcting key features of chronic experimental DPN independent of glycemia, including motor axon conduction and thermal and mechanical sensory loss. Moreover, combined interventions improved sural and tibial nerve myelin thickness, hind paw epidermal innervation, and pAkt expression in dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons. We conclude that local PTEN inhibition or knockdown and insulin provide additive trophic support for sensory neurons and SCs while reversing key abnormalities of experimental DPN but without requiring metabolic correction.

Article Highlights

Impaired growth and plasticity of neurons may contribute to chronic diabetic polyneuropathy. Both direct insulin signaling of neurons and neuron knockdown of the protein phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), a roadblock to neuronal regenerative growth, offer direct support of neurons. Direct insulin and PTEN knockdown using siRNA had additive impacts on neuron survival, Schwann cell proliferation, neuron outgrowth, and myelination in vitro. Combined local insulin and PTEN siRNA hind paw injections improved abnormalities in chronic experimental diabetic polyneuropathy, including sensory axon loss, independently of glycemia.
Development and Validation of a Diabetic Retinopathy Risk Stratification Algorithm
Authors: Tarasewicz Dariusz , Karter Andrew J. , Pimentel Noel , Moffet Howard H. , Thai Khanh K. , Schlessinger David , Sofrygin Oleg , Melles Ronald B.
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE

Although diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, diabetes-related blindness can be prevented through effective screening, detection, and treatment of disease. The study goal was to develop risk stratification algorithms for the onset of retinal complications of diabetes, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy, referable retinopathy, and macular edema.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Retrospective cohort analysis of patients from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Diabetes Registry who had no evidence of diabetic retinopathy at a baseline diabetic retinopathy screening during 2008–2020 was performed. Machine learning and logistic regression prediction models for onset of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, and referable retinopathy detected through routine screening were trained and internally validated. Model performance was assessed using area under the curve (AUC) metrics.

RESULTS

The study cohort (N = 276,794) was 51.9% male and 42.1% White. Mean (±SD) age at baseline was 60.0 (±13.1) years. A machine learning XGBoost algorithm was effective in identifying patients who developed proliferative diabetic retinopathy (AUC 0.86; 95% CI, 0.86–0.87), diabetic macular edema (AUC 0.76; 95% CI, 0.75–0.77), and referable retinopathy (AUC 0.78; 95% CI, 0.78–0.79). Similar results were found using a simpler nine-covariate logistic regression model: proliferative diabetic retinopathy (AUC 0.82; 95% CI, 0.80–0.83), diabetic macular edema (AUC 0.73; 95% CI, 0.72–0.74), and referable retinopathy (AUC 0.75; 95% CI, 0.75–0.76).

CONCLUSIONS

Relatively simple logistic regression models using nine readily available clinical variables can be used to rank order patients for onset of diabetic eye disease and thereby more efficiently prioritize and target screening for at risk patients.
Abatacept for Delay of Type 1 Diabetes Progression in Stage 1 Relatives at Risk: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Controlled Trial
Authors: E. Russell William , Bundy Brian N. , S. Anderson Mark , Cooney Laura A. , Gitelman Stephen E. , Goland Robin S. , Gottlieb Peter A. , J. Greenbaum Carla , Haller Michael J. , Krischer Jeffrey P , Libman Ingrid M. , Linsley Peter S. , Alice Long S. , Lord Sandra M. , J. Moore Daniel , Moore Wayne V , Moran Antoinette M. , Muir Andrew B. , Raskin Phillip , Skyler Jay S. , Wentworth John M , Wherrett Diane K. , Wilson Darrell M. , Ziegler Anette-Gabriele , C. Herold Kevan
Published: March 2023

  

Objective

Previous studies showed that inhibiting lymphocyte costimulation reduces declining beta cell function in individuals newly-diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. We tested whether abatacept would delay or prevent progression of type 1 diabetes from normal (NGT) to abnormal (AGT) glucose tolerance or to diabetes and the effects of treatment on immune and metabolic responses. 

Research Design and Methods

We conducted a phase-2, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked trial of abatacept

in antibody-positive participants with NGT who received monthly abatacept/placebo infusions for 12 months. The endpoint was AGT or diabetes, assessed by oral glucose-tolerance tests. 

Results

101 participants received abatacept and 111 placebo. Eighty-one (35 abatacept/46 placebo) met the endpoint of AGT or type 1 diabetes diagnosis (HR=0.702 (0.452, 1.09)(p=0.11) The C-peptide responses to OGTTs were higher in the abatacept arm (p<.03) . Abatacept reduced the frequency of ICOS+PD1+ T-follicular helper (Tfh) cells during treatment (p<0.0001), increased naïve CD4+ T cells, and also reduced the frequency of CD4+ Tregs from the baseline (p=0.0067). Twelve months after treatment, the frequency of ICOS+ Tfh, naïve CD4+ T, and Treg cells returned to baseline. 

Conclusions

Although abatacept treatment for one year did not significantly delay progression to glucose intolerance in at-risk individuals, it impacted immune cell subsets and preserved insulin secretion suggesting that costimulation blockade may modify progression of type 1 diabetes.
Discrimination of tooth composition through temporally shaped femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Qi Xiaolin , Wei Yuyin , Tian Feng , Wang Sumei
Published: March 2023

Dental caries has attracted widespread concern because of its universality. However, the current diagnosis of dental caries depends largely on naked eyes and dentists' experience, which causes considerable randomness and inaccuracy in the diagnosis. In this study, temporally shaped double pulse (DP) femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used for tooth composition detection for the first time. Under the laser fluence of 20 J/cm2, the spectra intensity for DP LIBS with a pulse delay of 200 ps was 13 times higher than that of single pulse. For further prediction, the detection model based on DP LIBS and partial least squares discrimination analysis could discriminate dentin, enamel, and caries with a prediction accuracy of above 90%. This method may provide rapid and accurate feedback to dentists for real-time diagnosis in the future.
THE PATTERN OF SUFISM ON INTERPRETATION OF Q.S. AL-FATIHAH IN THE TAFSIR MANUSCRIPT BY M. BASIUNI IMRAN SAMBAS, WEST KALIMANTAN
Authors: Parwanto Wendi , Engku Alwi Engku Ahmad Zaki , Danoso Isaac , Reichling Rukayyah , Gonçalves Maria Carolina
Published: March 2023

Basiuni Imran is a 20th-century Sambas scholar who once studied with M Rasyid Ridha, so Rasyid Ridha's Islamic reforms ideas were also internalized by M. Basiuni Imran in some of the educational institutions in Sambas. However, in the interpretation, especially the Tafsir of Q.S Al-Fatihah M. Basiuni Imran does not accommodate the value of Islamic reform but interprets it with a Sufistic pattern. On the other hand, no solid information has been found about his Tarekat affiliations or Tarekat tendencies, thus strengthening the indication of his Sufism. Therefore, this research needs to be conducted. This study is library research with a descriptive-analytic model and uses the theory of genealogy and actor networks as an analytical framework. The conclusion of this article explains that the pattern of Sufism narrated by M. Basiuni Imran in interpreting Q.S. Al-Fatihah is by correlating Q.S. Al-Fatihah with Prayers. According to him, prayer is not only done with physical actions but also needs to focus the heart and soul on Allah SWT. He illustrated with the Qibla physically the direction of the Ka’bah is the Qibla during prayer. But in essence, the Qiblah faces the heart to Allah SWT. The factors that influence M. Basiuni Imran's Sufism thought are 1) the relationship of M. Basiuni Imran with some of his Sufism teachers, 2) the socio-religious conditions when writing the interpretation, and 3) the relationship between the book of Sufism and the book of interpretation by M. Basiuni Imran.
Artificial Intelligence Produced Original Work: A New Approach to Copyright Protection and Ownership
Authors: Aziz Atif
Published: March 2023

The journey of copyright protection that started with the printing press in the 16th century entered a new era of challenges with the technological advancement of the 21st century. Copyright has rights and enforcement that are grounded in legislative enactments. This paper advocates that A. I.-produced work is original and deserves copyright protection. Artificial Intelligence (A. I.) has emerged as a powerful technology that has enabled the creation and assimilation of new and unique authorship. The amount of work that A. I. is producing in the fields of science, medicine, art, law, and literature is increasing dramatically. This paper addresses the question of why A. I. generated work deserves copyright protection and how it correlates with its ownership. A comparative analysis of the existing copyright laws in various jurisdictions is examined. A rundown of current challenges of digital copyright and future developments are discussed. The paper presents the idea of legal personhood and how it correlates with copyright work ownership. Five traditional ownership options are compared and considered. A hybrid ownership model that gives legal personality to the artificial intelligence (AI) system, its programmer, user, and the company under the umbrella of a legal entity like artificial personality (AiLE) is proposed. In most jurisdictions, legislative changes are required to address and provide a new foundation for copyright protection and ownership of AI. -produced original work. Hence, the need to address the current challenges of digital copyright and its rightful owner is essential in unleashing the true potential and further development of A. I.
Pet Families. Modos de leer nuevas formas de vivir juntos
Authors: Linne Joaquín , Angilletta Florencia
Published: March 2023

Este artículo explora modos de vivir característicos en sectores medios juveniles urbanos. Tras una encuesta, 27 entrevistas en profundidad y revisión de 4 000 perfiles en redes sociales y apps de citas, nuestra hipótesis es que la pet family es un dispositivo de subjetivación que enlaza prácticas afectivas, económicas, medioambientales y arquitectónicas que involucran la priorización de la amistad, alternancia de parejas, ambivalencia frente a la maternidad/paternidad y habitar departamentos pequeños. Además, implica una recolocación ontológica de la mascota: de asistente/guardián a familiar/roommate/amistad íntima. También proponemos la noción eco-familiy como dispositivo de subjetivación que incorpora hábitos ecológicos a las formas de vida. Estos modos de vivir juntos desbordan el concepto de familia y actualizan la pregunta sobre qué es lo común.
Redes transnacionales católicas y la institucionalización de la sociología en Colombia
Authors: Aldana Janneth
Published: March 2023

El artículo explora la relación entre las redes católicas y uno de los primeros programas universitarios de sociología en Colombia. Con énfasis en las bases ideológicas de la Guerra Fría, se estudia la configuración de una perspectiva sociológica específica que sostuvo el apoyo de las autoridades religiosas en el desenvolvimiento inicial de la disciplina. Con todo, a medida que la sociología se fortalecía como un espacio relativamente autónomo, se abrió un abismo entre estas autoridades y el cuerpo de docentes, investigadores y estudian­tes. Con la profunda politización de estos sectores en América Latina, se modificó tanto la orientación inicial de la sociología como la percepción alrededor de la misma generada entre quienes más la habían impulsado desde ciertas instituciones.
The Cold War Origins of Global IR. The Rockefeller Foundation and Realist Theory in Latin America
Authors: Morcillo Laiz Álvaro
Published: March 2023

This article questions and partially refutes three arguments about the history of international relations (IR) as a discipline. The first argument has been raised in the literature about global IR, which argues that the discipline mirrors the power gap that characterizes international politics. The second argument is that classical realist IR theory reached the zenith of its influence in the 1950s thanks to the support that Hans J. Morgenthau and his likes received from the Rockefeller Foundation. The third is that the history of the social sciences in Latin America can be told without considering foreign donors. This article shows that the patronage granted by the Rockefeller Foundation as the International Studies Center at the Colegio de México opened its doors in 1960 explains the division between IR and political science and its emphasis on realist IR theory and area studies. Two explanations account for the donor’s impact: the dexter use of conditionality and the legitimacy that those conditions had from in the recipient’s point of view. The donor changed Mexican and possibly Latin American IR.
La Fundación Ford y la formación de una comunidad académica pluralista de economistas en Brasil
Authors: Suprinyak Carlos Eduardo , Fernandez Ramon
Published: March 2023

Como parte de sus programas de apoyo al desarrollo latinoamericano dentro de la llamada “Guerra Fría Cultural”, los Estados Unidos iniciaron proyectos de cooperación educacional para capacitar cuadros técnicos en diferentes áreas. Discutimos aquí el papel de un gigante de la filantropía internacional – la Fundación Ford – en la creación de la comunidad brasileña de economistas académicos. La USAID y la Fundación Ford diseñaron un acuerdo con la Universidad de Vanderbilt, institución que ya tenía alguna tradición en estudios latinoamericanos y en los de desarrollo económico. El contexto político interno de represión después del golpe militar de 1964 convenció a la Fundación Ford de la necesidad de defender la tolerancia intelectual y el pluralismo en sus actividades en el país.
Performing an ovariohysterectomy at the time of c-section does not pose an increase in risk of mortality, intra- or postoperative complications, or decreased mothering ability of the bitch
Authors: Guest Kelsea E. , Ellerbrock Robyn E. , Adams Daniel J. , Reed Rachel A. , Grimes Janet A.
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE

Ovariohysterectomy (OVH) is frequently recommended at the time of c-section in canines, yet prior literature suggests poor mothering ability and increased morbidity to the bitch with c-section with concurrent OVH (CSOVH). The study objective was to compare maternal survival, complications, and mothering ability between bitches that underwent c-section alone (CS) or CSOVH.

ANIMALS

125 bitches.

PROCEDURES

Medical records from 2014 through 2021 were retrospectively reviewed; owners were surveyed for information up to weaning.

RESULTS

80 bitches undergoing CS and 45 bitches undergoing CSOVH were identified. There was no difference in anesthesia duration, intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, mothering ability, puppy survival to weaning, or other variables compared between groups. CSOVH bitches had longer surgery times (P = .045; 54.4 ± 20.7 min vs 46.9 ± 16.6 min) and longer time from delivery to nursing (P = .028; 75.4 ± 22.3 min vs 65.2 ± 19.5 min). Ninety (72%) owners responded to the survey. All 90 bitches survived until puppy weaning. CSOVH bitches were more frequently perceived as painful postoperatively (P = .015).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Performing an OVH at the time of c-section does not pose a significant increase in risk of mortality, intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, or decreased mothering ability of the bitch. The increased duration of surgery and increased time from delivery to nursing in the CSOVH group were clinically insignificant. Appropriate postoperative pain management should be emphasized post-CSOVH. Based on these results, OVH should be performed concurrently with c-section if indicated.
Colonial Numbers: Quantification, Indigeneity, and the Politics of Fiscal Surveillance
Authors: Willmott Kyle
Published: March 2023

This paper considers how processes of quantification are implicated in settler colonial political imperatives. I examine how colonial numbers operate as forms of governmentality that obfuscate, depoliticize, commensurate, fiscalize, promote transparency and visibility, and ultimately reduce the density of Indigenous Nations. The paper specifically focusses on how fiscal surveillance flows from colonial numbers to make Indigenous life legible to the state, markets, and settlers. The paper concludes by complicating the relationship between colonialism, numbers, governance, and ignorance.
Civilian Surveillance in the War in Ukraine: Mobilizing the Agency of the Observers of War
Authors: Hogue Simon
Published: March 2023

The war in Ukraine sees local and foreign civilians play active roles in the conflict, mainly through the participatory gathering and sharing of intelligence and open-source investigations of alleged human rights violations and war crimes. These surveillance practices seen in the war in Ukraine are not novel. Vigilantism campaigns have normalized since the War on Terror, while open-source information is increasingly recognized as a legitimate tool for human rights and international criminal justice investigation. Yet, their importance in the war in Ukraine highlights the agentic power of civilian surveillance. The proliferation of digital technologies empowers civilians to become inevitable actors in all spheres of politics, including war. However, across these practices, I argue that the Ukrainian government and its Western allies harness this agency as operational and narrative weapons. Patriotism and morality are pushed forward to mobilize individuals to participate in the war despite the risks that vigilantes and open-source investigators have to assume: risks of retaliation by Russian forces and lost independence.
AUTOIMMUNE POLYGLANDULAR SYNDROME PREVALENCE IN TOLUCA, MEXICO
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico, CARRILLO LE CONCEPCIÓN
Published: March 2023

Objective: Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes (APS) are endocrinopathies whose main characteristic is the loss of immune tolerance. The objective of this work was to report the APS prevalence in an Internal Medicine Service from Toluca, Mexico. Methods: This was a descriptive and retrospective study. Medical files from the service of Internal Medicine at Ciprés Grupo Médico CGM SC (CGM), Toluca, Mexico, in a period of 11 years were analyzed. The prevalence of APS was obtained taking into account all the patients seen in the mentioned period and in particular considering only the following diseases: diabetes mellitus, thyroiditis and Addison's disease. Results: From 2000 clinical files, five cases (0.25%) are presented according to the criteria and clinical manifestations. APS detection among patients who were treated for endocrine pathology (diabetes mellitus = 807, thyroiditis = 473, and hypocortisolism = 5) were 5 in 1285 (0.38%). Conclusion: APS-2 is the most common type of APS in a common Internal Medicine service in Toluca, Mexico. Keywords: Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, hypothyroidism, type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Universidad inclusiva: Lineamientos para la inclusión de estudiantes con discapacidad
Authors: García Oramas María José
Published: March 2023

De acuerdo con la UNESCO, los tres pilares en la construcción colectiva de comunidades educativas inclusivas son la cultura, las políticas y las prácticas inclusivas, entendidas como procesos que responden a la diversidad de las necesidades de las y los estudiantes a través de la mayor participación en el aprendizaje y eliminando cualquier forma de discriminación y exclusión en la educación. En este libro se detallan los lineamientos institucionales requeridos para lograr una universidad incluyente, sustentados en las leyes internacionales, nacionales y estatales vigentes en materia de inclusión de estudiantes con discapacidad. A partir de la fundamentación teórica sobre educación inclusiva, se contemplan las acciones emprendidas por diversas instituciones nacionales de educación superior pertenecientes a la ANUIES, así como la implementación del plan de gobernanza y las estrategias psicopedagógicas y de accesibilidad en la Universidad Veracruzana.
La música imaginada: un análisis iconográfico del son jarocho y otras músicas
Authors: Kohl Randall
Published: March 2023

En La música imaginada. Un análisis iconográfico del son jarocho y otras músicas se presentan imágenes junto con un análisis de su relevancia socio-musical. Más que retratos simples, las representaciones pictóricas reúnen conceptos que se refieren a una realidad cultural y la “re-presentan” según códigos socialmente informados. La iconografía incluida sugiere metáforas y contiene símbolos que se prestan para una lectura literal pero, al mismo tiempo, una semiótica. Al revisar el son jarocho veracruzano de esta manera se comprende mejor la sociedad que produce esta tradición músico-dancística y se revela una realidad escondida.
La investigación forestal en tiempos de cambio global: problemáticas y perspectivas
Authors: Viveros Viveros Héctor , Cadena Morales Odette , Pedraza Pérez Rosa Amelia , Álvarez Aquino Claudia , Aparicio Rentería Armando , Cruz López Cecilia , Rebolledo Camacho Virginia , Márquez Fernández Olivia , Bolívar Cimé Beatriz , Zavaleta Hernández Fernando , Flores Peredo Rafael , Salazar Chamorro María Fernanda , Mella Ménez Isac
Published: March 2023

Los bosques nos prestan valiosos servicios que necesitamos para nuestra vida diaria, sin embargo, desde el comienzo de la humanidad han estado bajo una gran presión. En LA INVESTIGACIÓN FORESTAL EN TIEMPOS DE CAMBIO GLOBAL: PROBLEMÁTICAS Y PERSPECTIVAS, en forma simple y amena se expone al lector común una compilación de la investigación que se lleva a cabo en el Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales de la Universidad Veracruzana. Por una parte, se muestran las amenazas que sufren los ecosiste-mas forestales, desde el cambio climático que afecta a los bosques de montaña, pasando por la pérdida de cobertura vegetal, hasta llegar a los ambientes antropizados, en donde los bosques se han reducido a muy pequeñas islas verdes en un mar de concreto. Por otra parte, se presentan las técnicas y herramientas que se utilizan en la investigación forestal y se expone cómo estas ayudan al abordaje, desde una perspectiva científica, de los problemas ambienta-les que enfrentan los bosques, todo ello para contribuir a su entendi-miento. Finalmente, el lector hallará diversas propuestas como parte de posibles soluciones a la crisis ambiental que hoy se vive en nuestro planeta.
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Quantitative Analysis of Methanol Leaf Extract of Erlangea tomentosa (Oliv. & Hiern) S.Moore (Asteraceae)
Authors: Mboneye Anselme , Onchweri Albert Nyanchoka , Neeza Timothy , Odoma Saidi
Published: March 2023

Various medications are being developed using natural products, particularly those resulting from medicinal plants. So, the screening and quantity analysis of phytochemicals in the methanol leaf extract of Erlangea tomentosa was looked at to find out what chemicals in the plant were responsible for its biological activity. Ten different phytochemicals, such as alkaloids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, steroids, terpenoids, phenols, and tannins, were found by the analysis. Glycosides and cardiac glycosides were below the limits, and neither phlobatannins nor anthraquinones were found. Quantitative phytochemical analysis showed that there were 3.38g of alkaloids, 2.19g of tannins, 1.81g of flavonoids, and 0.31g of saponins. The concentrations of standard solutions per 100g of crude sample were used to estimate all the results of the tests.
Modal Instabilities over Blunted Cones at Angle of Attack in Hypersonic Flow
Authors: Paredes Pedro , Scholten Anton , Choudhari Meelan M. , Li Fei
Published: March 2023

The effects of nose radius and angle of attack on the linear modal amplification over blunt circular cones at hypersonic speeds are computationally investigated. The three-dimensional laminar flow solutions over a 1.5-m-long, 7°-half-angle cone with 5.080, 9.525, and 25.40 mm nosetip radii are computed for selected angle-of-attack values and freestream conditions that match the Mach 10 experiments at a freestream unit Reynolds number of 17.1 million per meter conducted within the Hypervelocity Wind Tunnel 9 at the Air Force Arnold Engineering Development Complex (AEDC). Results indicate that the linear amplification of stationary and traveling crossflow waves along inflection lines increases with the angle of attack and decreases with the nosetip radius. The trend in transition front with respect to increasing angle of attack and bluntness is found to be consistent with the predicted increase in the amplification factors for Mack’s second mode (MM) disturbances along the streamline trajectories for the small and medium bluntness cases. The increase in the MM amplification along the windward ray for higher angles of attack is shown to be the result of a progressively earlier entropy-layer swallowing. Computations also indicate that the transition amplification factor along the windward ray increases with the angle of attack and decreases with the nosetip radius. Furthermore, the transition [Formula: see text]-factors along the leeward ray are below 2 and, therefore, rather small to lead to transition.
Facility Effects on the Ion Characteristics of a 12.5-Kilowatt Hall Thruster
Authors: Huang Wensheng , Kamhawi Hani
Published: March 2023

During a laser-induced fluorescence test of a 12.5 kW magnetically shielded Hall thruster, ion characteristics in the discharge channel and near the poles were measured as the background pressure and electrical configuration were varied. The acceleration zone of the thruster moved upstream by 2 and 10% of the channel length when the background pressure was raised to 1.8 times and seven times the lowest achievable pressure, respectively. Examination of the characteristics of the ions near the pole covers suggested that as the background pressure decreased, the pole covers might be experiencing more erosion. When operating at a discharge voltage of 300 V, the acceleration zone was observed to be at the same location for all electrical configurations. When operating at a discharge voltage of 600 V, the acceleration zone was observed to move 3% of the channel length upstream when the thruster body was floated instead of tied to the cathode or grounded to the facility. Characteristics of the ions bombarding the pole covers did not vary across the tested electrical configurations. This observation combined with thruster body voltage measurements suggested that varying the electrical configuration only affected the thruster body sheath voltage and did not affect the plasma potential beyond the sheath.
Ground Crash Area Estimation of Quadrotor Aircraft Under Propulsion Failure
Authors: Che Man Mohd Hasrizam , Kumar Sivakumar Anush , Hu Haoliang , Huat Low Kin
Published: March 2023

Small unmanned aircraft systems or drones are expected to be used for different applications, such as parcel delivery, inspection, and aerial photography, in urban areas. However, drones usually use an electric system to power up the propulsion, communications, navigation, and flight control system, which means that it is not as reliable as the manned aircraft system and may result in failure during operation and then crash to the ground. At present, there is almost no extensive publication about the high-fidelity modeling used by drones to calculate the crash trajectory and point of crash. The experimental data for modeling and simulation verification of multirotor aircraft are limited. So far, crash trajectory prediction has been limited to point mass or ballistic methods, and these methods are usually only suitable for complete power failure and without any control system. This study intends to investigate the effects of different multirotor drones’ failure modes on its crash trajectory and crash area compared to the ballistic model by using ADAMS and MATLAB cosimulation methods. Conclusions from the study show the crash trajectory, flight distance, and impact speed of the drones under four failure modes, which are quite different from the ballistic trajectory. The findings can potentially contribute to better risk assessment of the multirotor drones for the urban environment operation.
Женщины в публичном дискурсе в период Тувинской Народной Республики (историко-социологический анализ по материалам периодической печати)
Authors: Натсак Органа Доржуевна
Published: March 2023

В статье на основе материалов тувинских журналов и газет Тувинской Народной Республики (ТНР) проведён историко-социологический анализ формирования современной тувинской женщины. Через анализ публичного дискурса определено содержание политики в отношении женщин, описаны идеологически маркированные образы женщин, которые соотнесены с социокультурным и политическим контекстом рассматриваемого периода. В статье показаны методы и особенности правовой социализации женщин.

Автором описаны практики репрезентации женщин в тувинских журналах и газетах, а также через газетные нарративы раскрыто содержание социального проектирования «новой тувинской женщины». Представлены результаты интерпретативного анализа лозунгов для женщин, раскрывающих проблемы и задачи, которые решались на уровне государства, и целевая модель, к которой стремились. Раскрыты принципы работы араткоров (народных корреспондентов) и последствия их писем в газеты для женских карьер в условиях формировавшейся тогда новой политической культуры, которая характеризуется признаками, схожими с чертами современной «культуры отмены», распространением борьбы с «врагами народа» и проникновением языка насилия в политическую коммуникацию.

Сделан вывод о том, что тувинские журналы и газеты периода ТНР способствовали ролевой революции женщин.
Отношение тувинцев к земле в тувинской литературе XX–XXI вв.
Authors: Кужугет Шенне Юрьевна
Published: March 2023

В статье анализируется тема отношения тувинцев к земле, которая менялась на протяжении XX–XXI вв. Источниками исследования выступили наиболее характерные произведения тувинской художественной литературы разных лет: романы классика тувинской литературы — Народного писателя Тувы М. Б. Кенин-Лопсана «Чылгычыныӊ өө» («Юрта табунщика») (1980), «Кырган-авай өпей ыры» («Колыбельная бабушки») (1984 г.), «Азаныӊ бичези кончуг» («Младший чертенок») (1989), «Алдын чүрек» («Золотое сердце») (1992), «Читкен уруг» («Исчезнувшая девушка») (2000), а также Народного писателя Тувы Н. Ш. Куулара «Муӊгаштатпаан муӊчулбас ыр» («Непрегражденная неунывающая песня») (2018).

Встречающиеся в произведениях аспекты, связанные с трактовками земли, которые имеют особенности в связи с определенными историческими событиями, процессами, делятся на три большие темы: связь с землей, тема потерянной земли и новое в представлениях о земле.

Этнограф и писатель М. Б. Кенин-Лопсан показывал представления тувинцев о том, что она священна, что ее надо знать, быть связанным и пр. Он поднимал и вопросы воспитания чувства любви к родным местам, и обязательств человека перед ними. События XX в. сделали для тувинцев остро актуальной тему потери родных земель, насильственного расставания с ней, разрывов связей, что также показывает Кенин-Лопсан.

Н. Ш. Куулар в своем романе показывает жизнь тувинцев уже начала XXI в. Он показал сразу несколько вопросов: тему забвения родных мест, массовой миграции в Кызыл, ностальгии по Туве в зарубежных поездках, земляческих объединениях студентов и приобретения тувинцами земли.

В работе в подтверждении приводятся цитаты из произведений на тувинском языке с авторскими переводами на русский язык.
Смысловые компоненты в представлениях о родине тувинской студенческой молодежи
Authors: Селиверстова Нина Анатольевна , Сорокин Олег Владимирович , Ооржак Сайлана Ужар-ооловна
Published: March 2023

В статье на основе анализа представлений тувинской студенческой молодёжи о родине выявляются вариации её смыслов. Представления о родине студентов-тувинцев проанализированы на материалах фокус-групп (февраль — март 2022 г.). В рамках методологии целостного подхода студенты-тувинцы рассматриваются как часть тувинского общества, которые одновременно представляют социально-демографическую группу «российская молодёжь».

Анализ выявил смысловую структуру культурного пространства исследуемой группы. В культурном пространстве студентов-тувинцев бытуют традиционные, современные и гибридные смыслы родины, что сближает их с другими российскими студентами.

В традиционных смыслах студентов-тувинцев сохраняется связь между местом рождения, местом жительства предков, родителей и любовью к этому месту, положительными эмоциональными реакциями. В современных смыслах родины эта связь прерывается. Наблюдается секуляризация отношения к родине, имеющей в традиционной тувинской культуре сакральное значение. Данные смыслы отражают рационализацию сознания студентов-тувинцев, приоритет целей индивида, что является характерной чертой российской молодёжи в целом. Гибридные смыслы родины на индивидуально-групповом уровне демонстрируют запрос на сингулярность, уникальность самореализации. В них устанавливается связь между (1) правом на выбор места жительства и любовью к Туве, признанием Тувы своей родиной, (2) жизнью на земле предков и развитием родины; (3) называнием другой страны родиной предательством и допущением того, что и родина может предать, но и в этом случае она ею остаётся.

Результаты анализа являются содержательно-методическим основанием для количественного исследования отношения тувинской молодёжи к родине во взаимосвязи с гражданской и этнической идентичностями, представлениями о будущем и установками на миграцию.
İstismarcı Yönetimin İşten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkisi: Psikolojik Güvenliğin Aracılık Rolü
Authors: TATLI Hasan Sadık , ÖNGEL Gökten
Published: March 2023

İstismarcı yönetimin çalışanlara ve örgütlere olumsuz etkileri uzun zamandır araştırılmaktadır. İstismarcı yönetimin çalışanların işten ayrılma niyetlerine etkisinde çalışanların psikolojik durumlarının nasıl bir role sahip olduğunun da incelenmesi önemlidir. Bu nedenle araştırmanın amacı, istismarcı yönetimin çalışanların işten ayrılma niyetlerine etkisinde psikolojik güvenliğin aracılık rolünün tespit edilmesidir. Araştırma kapsamında İstanbul ilindeki 417 çalışandan anket verisi toplanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda istismarcı yönetim algısının çalışanların işten ayrılma niyetine etkisinde psikolojik güvenliğin aracılık rolü olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bulgulara göre yönetimin istismarcı yapısı çalışanların işten ayrılma niyetini önemli düzeyde arttırmaktadır. İstismarcı yönetim çalışanların psikolojik güvenliklerini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Ayrıca psikolojik güvenlik algısı ise çalışanların işten ayrılma niyetlerini azaltmaktadır. Araştırmada istismarcı yönetimin çalışanların psikolojik bütünlüklerine ve firmanın insan sermayesine verdiği zararlar tartışılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları istismarcı yönetim tarzının çalışanlar üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini göstermesi açısından önemlidir.
Spinal cord epidural stimulation for motor and autonomic function recovery after chronic spinal cord injury: A case series and technical note
Authors: Boakye Maxwell , Ball Tyler , Dietz Nicholas , Sharma Mayur , Angeli Claudia , Rejc Enrico , Kirshblum Steven , Forrest Gail , Arnold Forest W. , Harkema Susan
Published: March 2023

Background:

Traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is a debilitating condition, leading to chronic morbidity and mortality. In recent peer-reviewed studies, spinal cord epidural stimulation (scES) enabled voluntary movement and return of over-ground walking in a small number of patients with motor complete SCI. Using the most extensive case series (n = 25) for chronic SCI, the present report describes our motor and cardiovascular and functional outcomes, surgical and training complication rates, quality of life (QOL) improvements, and patient satisfaction results after scES.

Methods:

This prospective study occurred at the University of Louisville from 2009 to 2020. scES interventions began 2–3 weeks after surgical implantation of the scES device. Perioperative complications were recorded as well as long-term complications during training and device related events. QOL outcomes and patient satisfaction were evaluated using the impairment domains model and a global patient satisfaction scale, respectively.

Results:

Twenty-five patients (80% male, mean age of 30.9 ± 9.4 years) with chronic motor complete tSCI underwent scES using an epidural paddle electrode and internal pulse generator. The interval from SCI to scES implantation was 5.9 ± 3.4 years. Two participants (8%) developed infections, and three additional patients required washouts (12%). All participants achieved voluntary movement after implantation. A total of 17 research participants (85%) reported that the procedure either met (n = 9) or exceeded (n = 8) their expectations, and 100% would undergo the operation again.

Conclusion:

scES in this series was safe and achieved numerous benefits on motor and cardiovascular regulation and improved patient-reported QOL in multiple domains, with a high degree of patient satisfaction. The multiple previously unreported benefits beyond improvements in motor function render scES a promising option for improving QOL after motor complete SCI. Further studies may quantify these other benefits and clarify scES’s role in SCI patients.
Unraveling the Nature of Pressure-Induced Phases of MAPbBr3 by ab initio Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Maity Sayan , Verma Suraj , Ramaniah Lavanya M. , Srinivasan Varadharajan
Published: March 2023

Pressure-induced phases of hybrid perovskite MAPbBr3 are investigated at room temperature in a pressure range 0-2.8 GPa by ab initio molecular dynamics. We find two structural transitions at 0.7 and 1.1 GPa involving confinement of MA orientational fluctuations to a crystal plane - one (cubic to cubic) involving dynamic disordering over the plane and another (cubic to tetragonal) corresponding to a static disordering of MA dipoles along two crystal axes on the same plane. This is similar to isotropic to isotropic and isotropic to oblate transition from the perspective of nematic transitions of liquid crystal. In the latter phase, both local anti-polar and polar domains, consisting of at least two units, are formed. The two transitions are primarily driven by octahedral tilting modes of the host lattice involving a displacive character in the first and an ordering of layer-wise tilts in the second transition. Coupling between the MA (guest) orientations/translations and octahedral tilting/lattice scissoring in the inorganic host are also altered along the transitions. H-bonding interactions, which primarily mediate host/guest coupling, facilitate the static disordering of MA dipoles along two crystal axes. Unlike temperature-driven transitions in the system, high pressures suppress CH3 torsional motion emphasizing the role of C-H· · · Br bonds in driving the transitions.
Porous Crystalline Nitrone-Linked Covalent Organic Framework
Authors: Kurandina Daria , Huang Banruo , Xu Wentao , Hanikel Nikita , Wang Kaiyu , Toste F. Dean , Yaghi Omar M.
Published: March 2023

Herein, we report the synthesis of a nitrone-linked covalent organic framework, COF-115, by combining N, N', N', N'''-(ethene-1,1,2,2-tetrayltetrakis(benzene-4,1-diyl))tetrakis(hydroxylamine) and terephthaladehyde via a polycon-densation reaction. The formation of the nitrone functionality was confirmed by solid-state 13C multi cross-polarization magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy of the 13C-isotope-labeled COF-115 and Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy. The permanent porosity of COF-115 was evaluated through low-pressure N2, CO2, and H2 sorption experiments. Water vapor and carbon dioxide sorption analysis of COF-115 and the isoreticular imine-linked COF indicated a superior potential of N-oxide-based porous materials for atmospheric water harvesting and CO2 capture applications, respectively. Lastly, photoinduced rearrangement of COF-115 to the associated amide-linked material was successfully demonstrated.
Nickel Complexes of Allyl and Vinyldiphenylphosphine
Authors: Clapson Marissa , Nelson David , Drover Marcus
Published: March 2023

Monophosphine-ligated nickel compounds e.g., [Ni(PPh3)4] are relevant as active catalysts across a broad range of reactions. This report expands upon the coordi-nation chemistry of this family, offering the reactivity of allyl- and vinyl-substituted diphenylphosphine (PPh2R) with [Ni(COD)2] (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene). These reac-tions provide three-coordinate dinickelacycles that are intermolecularly tethered through adjacent {Ni}-olefin interactions. The ring confirmation of such cycles has been studied in the solid-state and using theoretical calcula-tions. Here, a difference in reaction outcome is linked to the presence of an allyl vs. vinyl group, where the former is observed to undergo rearrangement, bringing about challenges in clean product isolation.
Enhancing multiplexed cysteine chemoproteomics by uniting FragPipe with solid-phase compatible dialkoxydiphenylsilane reagents
Authors: Burton Nikolas , Polasky Daniel , Shikwanna Flowreen , Ofori Samuel , Yan Tianyang , Geiszler Daniel , da Veiga Leprevost Felipe , Nesvizhskii Alexey , Backus Keriann
Published: March 2023

The human proteome harbors tens of thousands of ligandable or potentially druggable cysteine residues. Consequently, pinpointing the optimal covalent molecule for each cysteine residue represents an exciting means to close the druggability gap, namely the ~96% of human proteins not yet targeted by an FDA approved drug. Realizing the full therapeutic potential of the cysteineome will require comprehensive proteome-wide cysteine-compound structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis. While mass spectrometry-based chemoproteomic platforms have made significant inroads into this challenge, achieving comprehensive cysteine-SAR necessitates technical innovation in two key areas: (1) streamlined sample preparation workflows and (2) high throughput and high coverage data acquisition. Here we report the silane-based Cleavable Linkers for Isotopically labeled Proteomics (sCLIP) method. sCLIP streamlines sample preparation with unparalleled early-stage isobaric labeling and sample pooling, allowing for high coverage and increased sample throughput via customized low cost 6-plex sample multiplexing. The sCLIP method is distinguished by its unprecedented click-assembled isobaric tags, in which the reporter group is encoded in the sCLIP capture reagent and balancer in the pan cysteine-reactive probe. When paired with a custom FragPipe data analysis workflow and applied to cysteine-reactive fragment screens, sCLIP proteomics revealed established and unprecedented cysteine-ligand pairs, including the discovery that the mitochondrial uncoupling agent FCCP acts as a covalent-reversible cysteine-reactive electrophile.
HISTORICAL MEMORY IN THE CULTURE OF A MODERN CITY
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Danilov A. N.
Published: March 2023

The article examines the formation and preservation of historical memory in the culture of a modern city, and reveals the mechanism of its formation and intergenerational transmission. The author describes the phenomenon of memory, opposing the destructive power of time. Nowadays culture has become increasingly associated with the environment for the preservation and possible transmission of historical heritage. The role of historical memory increases significantly during upheavals and catastrophes, in critical periods of society's life, when, as a rule, intensive processes of reassessment of existing orientations and the historical past take place. The victory of the Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War became a consolidating beginning in modern history. Such institutions of memory as the education system, cultural institutions, and the media have acquired particular importance in modern conditions. However, there are problems to consider: the number of high school students who “do not remember their kinship” is growing; the cultural environment in which new generations are formed is filled with artifacts which often distort the real meanings of human coexistence and falsify the historical truth. At the same time, the studies show an increasing interest of various social groups of the population to their past, the history of their people, as well as to their spiritual, cultural and historical heritage.