bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution of solid-phase reduction of iron in a layer of ilmenite concentrate
Authors: Smirnov K. I. , Gamov P. A. , Roshchin V. E.
Published: April 2020

Processing of titanium-containing ores with extraction of all the major elements is an urgent task of minerals rational use. It is shown that none of the existing processing schemes allows extracting of all the major useful elements at the same time from titanium-containing iron ores, i.e. – iron, titanium and vanadium. This problem can be solved using selective extraction of these elements based on new ideas about electronic reduction mechanism. Propagation of the process of solid-phase selective reduction of iron with the powder of carbon-containing material deep into the layer of grains of ilmenite concentrate from the surface of its contact was experimentally studied. The results of determining the amount of metal phase released as it moves away from the concentrate – reducing agent contact boundary are presented. Based on the results concerning amount of precipitated metal phase, a conclusion was made about diffusion processes in a layer of concentrate grains contacting only between themselves, limiting process of iron reduction. It is shown that near the plane of contact of solid reducing agent with the layer of concentrate grains, the rate of iron reduction is higher than the rate of high iron content phase precipitation from ilmenite. In depth of ilmenite concentrate layer, process of iron reduction is preceded by formation of iron-containing silicate phase from concentrate grains, where iron is reduced earlier than in ilmenite grains. Formation of iron-containing silicate phase contributes ilmenite grains sintering. It was concluded that in the concentrate layer in contact with solid reducing agent layer in absence of contact of each ilmenite grain with solid reducing agent, the point contact of grains and presence of voids between them in the layer do not prevent propagation of reduction process in the layer of grains contacting with each other only.
Comparison parameters for carbon ferrochrome smelting in AC and DC furnaces
Authors: Shkirmontov A. P. , Bishenov S. A.
Published: April 2020

One of the interesting technical solutions is technology of ferroalloys smelting using direct current (DC). In DC ferroalloy furnaces, apparently, it is possible to eliminate such a parameter as power factor in furnace circuit after current converter. Many researchers assume that melting at direct current allows intensification of the process of charge melting, increases reduction of leading elements of ferroalloy and reduces specific consumption of electricity. In this paper, brief analysis of carbon ferrochromium smelting in alternating current (AC) and in direct current (DC) furnaces is made based on energotechnological criterion of ferroalloy electric furnace performance. It is shown that with comparable active capacity in bath, AC furnaces have higher energotechnological criteria (0.2185 – 0.2381), compared to DC furnaces (0.1109 – 0.1320), at current level of technology used for carbonaceous ferrochrome smelting. Thus, in AC furnaces, specific electric power consumption in ferrochrome smelting is lower than in DC furnaces by 20 – 28 %.
Effect-site concentration of remifentanil for preventing propofol injection pain during induction of balanced anesthesia
Authors: Kim Joungmin , Kim Daehoon , Lee Hyung Gong
Published: April 2020

Background: Despite various strategies designed for preventing pain from propofol injection, it is still common and distressing to the patients. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the adequate effect-site concentration (Ce) of remifentanil to prevent pain due to propofol injection. Methods: A total of 160 adults scheduled for elective surgery were randomly assigned to one of four groups receiving normal saline (group S) or remifentanil at a Ce of 2 (group R2), 3 (group R3), or 4 (group R4), administered via target-controlled infusion, followed by the injection of 2 mg/kg of propofol (delivered with 1% lipid propofol). The severity and incidence of injection pain were assessed on a four-point scale. Results: The incidence of propofol injection pain was significantly lower in group R2, R3, or R4 than in group S (30%, 5%, or 2.5% vs. 70%, respectively). Moreover, the intensity of the pain was lesser in group R2, R3, or R4 than in group S. However, the incidence or severity of injection was not different between groups R3 and R4. Conclusions: During the induction of balanced anesthesia using propofol injection, pretreatment with remifentanil at a target Ce of 3 ng/ml effectively reduced propofol injection pain in adults.
Hemodynamic effects of carbetocin administered as an intravenous bolus or infusion during cesarean delivery
Authors: Kwon Kihyug , Kim Dohyung , Jo Hyunmin , Park Ji Eun , Kim Kyung Ok
Published: April 2020

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality. Oxytocin being the most popular uterotonic agent, has been routinely administered after both vaginal delivery and cesarean section. Carbetocin is a newer uterotonic agent and provides the benefit of a longer duration of action without additional administration post-delivery.Methods: We recruited 34 women undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. All patient was received spinal anesthesia using 0.5% hyperbaric Marcaine 8–10 mg in conjugation with fentanyl 20 μg in the left lateral decubitus position. Hartmann’s solution 10–15 ml/kg was administered before carbetocin. The operation started as soon as sensory block at level T4–T6 was confirmed. A non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring cuff (Finometer®) was attached to the patient’s finger soon after the induction of spinal anesthesia. Using the Finometer, we recorded the heart rate and mean arterial pressure at every 15 s, starting from 15 s before the administration of carbetocin to 5 min after. After the removal of the placenta, the bolus group was administered intravenous bolus injection of carbetocin 100 μg and the infusion group was administered carbetocin 100 μg diluted in 50 ml normal saline, over 5 min using an infusion pump.Results: The demographic data showed no significant difference between the two groups. Furthermore, there were no significant hemodynamic differences between the two groups.Conclusions: The method of administration of carbetocin does not influence its hemodynamic effects.
‘There Is an Exemplar because I’m There.’
Authors: Fejös Anna
Published: April 2020

Teachers are fundamental actors in education; without their contribution even the most progressive pedagogical ideas fail. However, few studies address how their individual biographies, community belonging, and intersectional identities impact their pedagogical views and practices. Furthermore, while the Roma are the target of numerous social and pedagogical initiatives, they are rarely considered as actors who shape education. Through an analysis of ten ethnographic interviews with self-identified Roma teachers embedded in two local educational settings, this paper scrutinizes the potential and challenges associated with the presence of qualified Roma teachers in rural Hungarian schools. Interviewees demonstrated a high level of commitment to ‘leading by example,’ and this was embedded in their relations with students and parents. Most teachers also believed that, besides professional expertise, shared ethnicity provided them with a specific opportunity to build trust, express empathy, implement curricula, and incorporate locally and culturally relevant knowledge. However, while professionalism and ethnicity often complemented each other, difficulties also arose due to the differing expectations and heterogeneity of local Roma communities. The findings suggest that Roma teachers may bring valuable resources for education through mobilizing their personal experiences and social and cultural sensitivity, but tapping these resources is limited by structural and contextual constraints.
A csókalábú útifű (Plantago coronopus) folytatódó térhódítása Magyarországon
Authors: Schmidt Dávid , Bauer Norbert , Fekete Réka , Haszonits Győző , Süveges Kristóf , Molnár V. Attila
Published: April 2020

Magyarországi úthálózat vizsgálata során az atlanti-mediterrán elterjedésű Plantago coronopus L. intenzív terjedését tapasztaltuk. 2017–2019 között a fajt újabb 47 flóratérképezési kvadrát-ból mutattuk ki, amellyel 81-re nőtt előfordulásainak száma. Kimutattuk, hogy a gyorsforgalmi utak mellett a faj erős terjedése a főközlekedési utakat is elérte, ezen kívüli megjelenései egyelőre ritkák. Legnagyobb kiterjedésű és egyedsűrűségű állományai az útpadkák mechanikus és ozmotikus stressztől erősebben érintett (gyakran növényzetmentes) sávja mögötti részén találhatók, de néhány előfordulás ilyen helyeken kívül is ismert. 2013-tól ismert állományai közül több helyen ma is összefüggő tömegben van jelen, így a faj egyértelműen meghonosodott (de nem átalakító) neofitonnak tekinthető.
Türkiye'deki Suriyeli Çocukların Eğitiminde Karşılaşılan Sorunlar Üzerine Bir Alanyazın Taraması
Authors: TUNGA Yeliz , ENGİN Gizem , ÇAĞILTAY Kürşat
Published: April 2020

Türkiye tarihinin en büyük göç hareketi 2011 yılında Suriye’de başlayan iç savaş ile başlamıştır. O tarihten günümüze kadar Türkiye’ye yaklaşık olarak 3,6 milyon Suriye vatandaşı giriş yapmıştır. Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü 2018 verilerine göre Türkiye de bulunan Suriyeli nüfusunun yaklaşık 1,6 milyonunu okul çağındaki çocuklar ve yükseköğretim düzeyindeki gençler oluşturmaktadır. Göz ardı edilemeyecek büyüklükte olan bu kitlenin nitelikli bireyler olarak yetişmesi sadece Suriyeli’lerin geleceği için değil Türkiye’nin geleceği için de önem teşkil etmektedir. Bu sebeple bu çalışmada 2011 yılından itibaren Türkiye’de yaşamakta olan Suriyeli çocukların eğitimine yönelik yürütülen çalışmalar incelenerek bir durum tespiti yapılması hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda ülkemizde bulunan Suriyeli çocukların eğitimini konu alan akademik çalışmalar ve sivil toplum kuruluşları tarafından hazırlanan raporlar derlenerek genel bir tablo çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Suriyeli çocukların eğitim sürecinde yaşanan sorunlar; okula erişim oranlarının düşüklüğü, dil engeli, nitelikli öğretmen eksikliği başlıkları altında toplanarak bu problemlerin olası çözümleri tartışılmıştır.
As tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação como mediadoras na alfabetização de pessoas com transtorno do espectro do autismo: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Almeida da Silva Josiane , Elias de Carvalho Michele , Varginha Ramos Caiado Roberta , Barbosa Rêgo Barros Isabela
Published: April 2020

Esta pesquisa objetiva discutir o uso das Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação no processo de alfabetização e aprendizagem de pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo.Como procedimento metodológico, utilizou-se a revisão sistemática da literatura. Nessa perspectiva, foi realizado um levantamento dos artigos científicos nacionais publicados entre 2014 e 2019 disponibilizados no Portal de periódicos Capes e Scielo. Para tanto, foi efetuada uma busca avançada combinando os descritores Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo, Autismo, Tecnologia, Alfabetização, Educação, Aprendizagem e Software. Os textos foram selecionados conforme os critérios de inclusão: pesquisas nacionais que investigassem o uso das referidas tecnologias para alfabetização e aprendizagem de pessoas com o transtorno, publicadas entre 2014 e 2019. Como critérios de exclusão: artigos voltados à esfera da saúde; estudos nos quais as Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação foram utilizadas com sujeitos sem o transtorno e artigos repetidos em ambas as bases de dados. Como resultados, foram encontrados 198 trabalhos e, após análise e aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restaram sete pesquisas que contemplavam o tema. Os estudos analisados demonstraram as contribuições das tecnologias para a alfabetização e aprendizagem das pessoas com o transtorno em questão, porém ainda existe uma grande carência de pesquisas nessa área.
Desafíos en la era digital actual: TIC y personas seniors de la Universidad de Granada (España) / Current challenge in the digital age: ICT and the elderly at University of Granada (Spain)
Authors: Martínez-Heredia Nazaret
Published: April 2020

Las TIC poseen una vertiente muy positiva, ya que las competencias digitales pueden convertirse en herramientas para mejorar la vida social y personal de las personas pero ¿también lo son para nuestros mayores? Las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación son consideradas una de las áreas más importantes de participación de nuestras personas mayores en la sociedad actual, posibilitando el acceso a la información junto a la interacción social, educativa o cultural. El objetivo general de nuestra investigación se centra en conocer si con el paso de los años aumenta la competencia digital en personas mayores. Para ello, vamos a comparar de manera cuantitativa la competencia digital básica en diferentes bloques en un estudio realizado durante el año 2017/2018 y un nuevo estudio ejecutado durante el año 2018/2019. La muestra participante está formada por los alumnos del Aula Permanente de Formación abierta de la Universidad de Granada (España). Para realizar los análisis descriptivos se ha empleado el software estadístico IBM SPSS®. Los resultados nos muestran variaciones con el paso del curso académico, pero que aún existe una importante brecha digital en las personas mayores. La competencia digital no se adquiere a través de una inmersión tecnológica, siendo necesario un aprender a aprender, pero esta capacidad está ligada a la edad, por esta razón la formación y la educación con personas mayores es sumamente importante. La universidad debe proporcionar espacios de reflexión y formación para afrontar dichos desafíos que se promueven debido al uso continuado de las TIC.
Aproximación teórica a las estrategias de acompañamiento en el ambiente familiar y escolar
Authors: Atehortúa Natalia Guzmán , Álvarez Gallego Mónica María
Published: April 2020

El objetivo de este artículo de revisión es aproximarse al estado del arte como fundamento al avance del conocimiento científico, en relación a las estrategias de acompañamiento que en el ambiente familiar y escolar se aplican durante el crecimiento y desarrollo de los niños. Para esto, se trabaja con la técnica de la revisión sistemática de fuentes documentales depositadas en repositorios de bibliotecas, revistas indexadas y diversas bases de datos, donde se analiza la cantidad y calidad de la información referida a los constructos identificados. Los resultados evidencian que las estrategias de acompañamiento se presentan como un factor relevante en el ambiente familiar y escolar; sus características los hacen corresponsables en el proceso de desarrollo infantil. Se concluye que cada ambiente es un espacio de enseñanza y aprendizaje, por lo que requiere de estrategias de acompañamiento para cumplir con su función educativa y formativa. De igual forma, es evidente que este tema es un asunto poco estudiado a pesar de ser un aspecto clave en el desarrollo de las interacciones sociales.
Contrast Echocardiography with a Quantitative Assessment of Myocardial Perfusion in Patients with Previous Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Umnov I. N. , Bobrov A. L. , Alekhin M. N.
Published: April 2020

Objective. To assess possibilities of contrast echocardiography with quantitative evaluation of myocardial perfusion in patients with previous Q-wave myocardial infarction.

Materials and Methods. We examined 15 men (42-72 years) with coronary artery disease and previous myocardial infarction, and pathological Q-wave in 2 or more ECG leads. Quantification of left ventricular (LV) myocardial perfusion was performed by calculating of the ultrasound signal tissue intensity from the LV myocardial segments during intravenous administration of the ultrasound contrast agent (SonoVue). The Tissue intensive curve (TIC) analysis was done in the end-diastolic period before and on the fourth cardiac cycle after applying the "flash". Changes in the intensity of myocardial perfusion (A4, dB) was estimated as the difference between the intensity values of the ultrasound signal in the myocardial segment during the period of filling the contrast bubbles on 4-th cardiac cycle and before applying the «flash». Measurements were performed in 16 segments of the LV. A contrast cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (contrast MRI) was performed in order to verify the LV scar. Fibrotic changes of 50% of myocardial wall or more were considered as signs of post-infarction scar.

Results. The dynamics of perfusion and scar presence in 240 myocardial segments were evaluated. The median A4 was 1 dB (range, -20 to 10 dB). MRI revealed 82 of 240 segments with the large-focal scar. The effectiveness of the diagnostic test (quantitative contrast perfusion echocardiography with A4 assessment) to detect myocardial scar was investigated. ROC curve analysis showed good model quality, AUC=0,787 (0,730-0,837); sensitivity 82.9%; specificity 75.3%; p<0.01. The cut-off point for A4 was -1.

Conclusion. A new approach to quantitative contrast assessment of perfusion allows to identify perfusion disorders with high efficiency in patients with previous Q-wave myocardial infarction.
Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation: Echocardiographic Algorithm, the Place of Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography
Authors: Saidova M. A. , Andrianova A. M.
Published: April 2020

Objective Identify the diagnostic markers of the severe MV changes in patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) and suggest a modification of the echocardiography (EchoCG) algorithm.Materials and Methods A two-stage examination of 65 patients with mild (n=22), moderate (n=22), and severe (n=21) IMR was performed using two-dimensional (2D) transthoracic EchoCG with dopplerography, 2D and three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal EchoCG (TEE). 4D MV-Assessment in off-line mode was made in TomTec Imaging Systems GmbH, Germany. Statistical analysis (SAS 9.4) included Student’s t-test, Kruskal-Wallis method, Pearson correlation, multivariate regression analysis, and ROC-analysis.Results According to 3D TEE the significant changes in MV annulus, leaflets and tenting are detected. 3D parameters of MV geometry are related to IMR severity, left ventricle (LV) remodeling (global and regional), and they are different in symmetric and asymmetric variants. In symmetric variant MV reconstruction is correlated with LV dilatation and contractility decrease, in asymmetric variant it’s correlated with regional remodeling parameters. Severe IMR is characterized by a decrease in MV annulus displacement (27,0±6,6 mm/s versus 32,4±10,8 mm/s in mild IMR; р<0,05), tenting volume fraction (32,5±14,8% versus 56,2±16,8% in mild IMR; p<0,05), and annulus area fraction (4,7±2,7% versus 6,6±4,5% in mild IMR; р<0,05). Vena contracta width (VCW), Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area (PISA) radius, Effective Regurgitant Orifice Area (EROA), Regurgitant Volume (Rvol), LV end systolic dimension (LV ESD), and central large jet >50% of left atrium (LA) area have a predictive value in the diagnosis of MV geometry severe changes. If thresholds are reached these 2D TTE parameters can be used as indications for the 3D TEE.Conclusion 3D TEE allows for detailed assessment of MV geometry and function depended on IMR severity and variant. To make decision of MV surgery 3D TEE is recommended if the following indicators are presented: (1) VCW ≥0,7 cm; PISA radius ≥1,0 cm; central large jet >50% of LA area; LV ESD ≥4,0 cm; (2) VCW ≥0,6 cm; PISA radius = 0,6-0,99 cm; EROA ≥0,3 cm2; RVol≥45 cm; IMR eccentric jet + IMR elliptical orifice.
The effect of chemotherapy on endothelial function and microcirculation in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Kirichenko Yu. Yu. , Ilgisonis I. S. , Belenkov Yu. N. , Privalova E. V. , Naymann Yu. I. , Lyamin A. M. , Kozhevnikova M. V. , Korobkova E. O. , Khabarova N. V. , Ogorodnikov N. V.
Published: April 2020

Objective. To evaluate and study the dynamics of endothelial dysfunction instrumental indicators, vascular wall stiffness and microcirculation state in patients with gastric cancer (adenocarcinoma) before and after chemotherapy; compare it with the results obtained from healthy volunteers and patients with cardio-vascular diseases.Materials and Methods. The study included 65 people: 25 healthy volunteers, 15 patients with known cardio-vascular diseases (CVD) and 25 patients with histologically confirmed gastric cancer (adenocarcinoma) stage 2—4 who underwent surgical treatment followed by chemotherapy according to the FOLFOX, XELOX, and XP regimes. For non-invasive assessment of the vascular wall’s state of large vessels and microcirculation, all patients in the main group underwent computer nailfold capillaroscopy and finger photoplethysmography before chemotherapy and within a month after the completion of the last course. For healthy volunteers and patients with CVD, the above studies were performed once during the examination.Results. The data obtained indicate a significant increase in the reflection index of small muscle arteries (RI) and the stiffness index of large conducting arteries (aSI) during chemotherapy. In cancer patients, even before the treatment, endothelial dysfunction was detected, which significantly worsened after treatment (occlusion index (IO) before and after chemotherapy 1.7 (1.38; 1.9) vs. 1.3 (1.2; 1.5), p<0.0002, respectively). Significant differences in the compared indices in cancer patients and CVD group were revealed only after chemotherapy. Significant structural and functional disorders of capillaries were noted in the studied groups, which also worsened during chemotherapy in the main group (density of the capillary network at rest 43.23cap/mm2 vs. 42.19cap/mm2, p <0.01, respectively; density of the capillary network after the reactive hyperemia test 46.77cap/mm2 vs. 44.11cap/mm2, p<0,02, respectively).Conclusion. In this study, for the first time, the dynamics of endothelial dysfunction indicators, vascular wall stiffness and microcirculation state in patients with gastric cancer were studied, and a reliable increasing of these changes was proved during chemotherapy. The results indicate the need for a further search for accurate and effective methods of identifying early signs of close and distant vasculotoxicity, the development of individual prevention programs in order to significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events during and after chemotherapy.
Potential inhibitors of protease 3CLpro virus COVID-19: drug reposition
Authors: Skvortsov V.S. , Druzhilovskiy D.S. , Veselovsky A.V.
Published: April 2020

Pneumonia caused by the COVID-19 virus has led to quick search of drugs that would able to block the spread of this virus. A standard way of drug development is a long process. One approach that can significantly accelerate drug development is drug reposition. In this study a virtual screening of the database of approved drugs has been used for search inhibitors against 3СLpro COVID-19, the main protease of COVID-19. Molecular docking, simulation of molecular dynamics and binding energy estimation by MM-GBSA method allowed to select several compounds for further experimental testing. The most promising drugs are the HIV protease inhibitor Indinavir, the inhibitor of protease hepatitis C Telaprevir, the antiulcer drug Dalargin, and the ErB receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor Neratinib
Gynaecological malignancies in Azare, North-East Nigeria: an assessment of types, stage at presentation and treatment affordability
Authors: Aminu Muhammad B. , Ibrahim Sanusi M. , Garba Nasiru A. , Umar Nasiru I. , Khan Nighat , Usman Hadiza A.
Published: April 2020

Background: In many parts of the world, presentations for most gynecological cancers are late; this makes treatment difficult due to the cost of chemotherapy or radiotherapy which form the bedrock for cure or palliation. Objective of this study was to determine the types, stage at diagnosis, affordability of care and outcome of treatment of gynaecological cancers in Federal Medical Centre Azare, Bauchi State, Nigeria.Methods: All cases of gynaecological cancers seen over a ten-year period, from 1st January, 2003 to 31st December, 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. The number of all gynaecological cases seen during the period was also extracted.Results: Gynaecological cancer cases accounted for 11.84 % of 8,642 gynaecological cases seen during the period of study.  The mean age and parity of the women were 42±5 SD years and 5±1 SD respectively. Cervical cancer accounted for 55 %, ovarian cancer 30%, endometrial cancer 6%, choriocarcinoma 5%, secondaries/ cancers of undetermined origin were 4%.  Ninety-two percent presented with advanced stage of diseases. Only 25.3% could afford the cost of full treatment, and 8.4% attained cure of their disease. The modalities of treatment available were surgery and chemotherapy.Conclusions: Cervical and Ovarian Cancers remain the leading types of gynaecological cancers in our environment and late presentations are frequent occurrence. Late presentation and unaffordability of treatments are major challenges associated with the management of these patients. Early presentation and funding mechanisms for gynaecological cancers are keys to improved cure rate and reduced mortality.
Xanthogranulomatous salpingo-oophoritis mimicking an ovarian malignancy: a clinical dilemma
Authors: Farooq Summiya , Abbas Farhat , Abbas Rahat , Beigh Ambreen , Reshi Ruby , Khuroo Mehnaaz
Published: April 2020

Background: Xanthogranulomatoussalpingo-oophoritis is an uncommon form of chronic inflammation in the genitourinary tract. Its symptoms and radiological findings mimic ovarian malignancy. Aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological pattern of xanthogranulomatous salphingo oophoritis.Methods: This study was conducted in the department of pathology, Government Medical College, Srinagar. It was a retrospective study done over a period of 5 years, November 2014 to November 2019.Results: The study was done to evaluate the clinicopathological pattern of 6 cases of rare entity xantogranulomatous salphingo oophoritis diagnosed at a tertiary care hospital. All patients, presented with pain abdomen. All patients were operated due to radiological suspicion of ovarian malignancy. Histopathological examination proved the lesion as xanthogranulomatous salphingo oophoritis.Conclusions: Xanthogranulomatoussalpingo-oophoritis is a rare condition that is often mistaken for ovarian malignancy clinically and radiologically. Oophorectomy is the recommended treatment but most women are “over treated” with staging laparotomies and hysterectomies that render them infertile.
Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy and its impact on maternal and fetal outcome: a prospective study in a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Barse Sharin P. , Korde Vaishali R. , Barla Jaya S.
Published: April 2020

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is the commonest endocrinological disorder in pregnancy. A broad spectrum of adverse outcomes in pregnant women and the fetus have been reported which can be prevented by early diagnosis and treatment of thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy has not yet been extensively studied in India. Hence, this study was conducted for assessment of the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy and effect on the mother and her fetus.Methods: This study is a prospective study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, MIMER Medical College and Hospital, Talegaon Dabhade, Maharashtra. A 3 years study. Antenatal women attending the outpatient and inpatient department of the hospital. The total sample population comprised of 698 pregnant women with uncomplicated singleton intra-uterine pregnancy. All participants were screened by estimation for serum TSH in first trimester. Immediately after delivery the cord blood sample was collected and cord blood TSH levels were estimated. Babies, whose cord blood TSH levels were elevated, were called for follow-up on day 5 of neonatal life and TSH, free T3 and free T4 levels were estimated. Among these babies, those diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism were started on appropriate treatment.Results: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy in present study was 17.90% whereas 82.1% patients were euthyroid (control group). Among the 17.9% patients with thyroid dysfunction, 14.6% had subclinical hypothyroidism, 1.9% had overt hypothyroidism and 1.4% had hyperthyroidism.Conclusions: With this study, we can come to the conclusion that there is high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy. Thus, an early diagnosis and prevention of the aftermaths of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy is of utmost importance.
Improving pregnancy outcomes in tertiary care institution in India through obstetric intensive care unit: three-year analysis
Authors: Gokhale Ashish V. , Agarwal Shonali , Modi Dimpi
Published: April 2020

Background: To analyse the requirement of high dependency unit (HDU)/intensive care unit (ICU) in an obstetric population in terms of utilization rate, indications for admission, interventions required and gestational outcome.Methods: Retrospective observational study was carried out from April 2015 to September 2018 at department of obstetrics and gynecology SSG Hospital, Vadodara India. Data related to indications for ICU admission, interventions required, length of stay and outcomes were collected, and results were analyzed.Results: Obstetric ICU utilization rate was 130 per 1000 deliveries.  The major obstetric indications for admission were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (42%) followed by anemia (25%) and post-partum hemorrhage (3%). In the rest of the patient’s majority (50%) had cardiovascular problems. Maternal mortality among these critically ill women was 3.76%. The death rate in the present study was high among patients admitted for non-obstetric (74.54%) as opposed to obstetric indications (25.46%).Conclusions: Establishment of well managed high dependency and intensive care unit in health care facilities dealing with high volumes of high-risk maternity cases reduces the maternal mortality significantly and results in improved maternal outcomes.
A prospective study of obstetric and gynaecological emergencies in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Jindani Shahna Anishbhai , Sailor Asha Bhagwatibhai , Modi Dipti A. , Kaul Somika , Rami Bijal D.
Published: April 2020

Background: The management of obstetrics and gynaecological emergency is directed at the preservation of life, health, sexual function and the perpetuation of fertility. The main aim of the study was to access the burden of surgical emergency and to study the course of management at a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, S. S. G. Hospital, Baroda for a period from January to December 2018.Results: A total of 73 patients presented to our emergency room who required urgent surgical intervention. All patients were resuscitated and surgery was done at earliest possible time. The age of patient ranged from 18 to 45 years.  About 75.8% of female presented with the complaint of acute abdomen, followed by 32.9% with bleeding per vaginum. 16.4% had vomiting, 6.8% with fever and 4.1% with mass per abdomen. In majority of cases a diagnosis of ruptured ectopic pregnancy (34 patients) was made, followed by PPH in 14 patients and 12 cases of rupture uterus. Four cases of torsion of ovarian mass and 3 cases of septic peritonitis were operated. The most common surgery performed was salpingectomy followed by subtotal obstetric hysterectomy. A mortality rate of 8.2% was noted.Conclusions: This study emphasized the great role of timely surgical intervention as lifesaving procedures. Skilled clinicians and immediate intervention in a tertiary care is the main-stay of the emergency case management and are indispensable for decreasing mortality and morbidity.
Perinatal outcome of term pregnancies with borderline amniotic fluid index: a prospective case control study
Authors: Desai Devika V. , Mishra Nigamananda , Savani Gayatri V.
Published: April 2020

Background: It has been since antiquity that the importance of amniotic fluid and fetal growth with perinatal outcome is being documented. But the lacunae lies in studying the relationship between borderline amniotic fluid and perinatal outcome. The following study was undertaken to provide recent data that would help predict perinatal outcome in borderline AFI pregnancies.Methods: About 144 patients were considered in the study OPD/IPD patients in obstetrics and gynecology department in Bhabha Atomic Research Centre and Hospital, with about 72 cases with borderline amniotic fluid index (5-8 cm) and controls with amniotic fluid index ≥9-25 cm. Patients were selected and subjected to history taking, examination, ultrasound test with doppler studies and perinatal outcome documented over a period of one year.Results: The incidence of borderline AFI in my study was 16%. 58% were primigravidas. Meconium stained liquor was found in 18% cases compared to 7% controls. Low birth weight was found in 12.5% cases and 2.7% in controls. On applying statistical test analysis chi square test, it was found that borderline amniotic fluid index in relation to presence of meconium stained amniotic fluid and low birth weight, p value was found to be statistically significant (<0.05).Conclusions: Borderline amniotic fluid and perinatal outcome had significant relationship in terms of meconium stained liquor and birth weight while rest had no significance. Thus, borderline amniotic fluid patients require vigilant fetal surveillance.
Role of blood transfusion in saving mothers
Authors: Mohi Manjit K. , Aggarwal Sangeeta , Khurana Satinder Pal
Published: April 2020

Background: Blood transfusion is recognised as one of the eight essential components of the comprehensive emergency obstetric care module which has been designed to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality rates after major obstetric hemorrhage and anemia.Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted between April1, 2016 to September 30, 2018 in department of obstetrics and gynecology, Government Medical College, Patiala. The MNM cases given transfusion were analysed in respect of number of antenatal visits, type of admission, distance of place of first referral unit from tertiary health care facility, amount of blood transfused, indications of blood transfusion, causes of haemorrhage and intervention performed.Results: During this period, there were 123 cases of MNM, 90 patients required blood transfusion and were considered in this study. Maximum number of cases (94.45%) were between 20-35 years of age. Majority of cases were primipara (52.22%). 47.77% cases were in 3rd trimester, 33.33% postnatal cases and 16.66% cases were in first trimester. 88.88% cases requiring transfusion belong to low socioeconomic status. There was no antenatal visit in 80% cases who required blood transfusion. 78.8% patients required more than 4packed red cell transfusions. Haemorrhage was the indication in 60% cases for blood transfusion and anaemia in 40% cases. Postpartum haemorrhage (28.4%) was most common indication for blood transfusion followed by ruptured ectopic pregnancy (27.77%), antepartum haemorrhage (11.11%), rupture uterus (7.4%), rectus sheath hematoma (5.55%), placenta accreta (5.55%) and inversion uterus (3.7%).  Surgical interventions were performed in 51 cases.Conclusions: Prevention and timely treatment of anaemia must receive attention by more active participation in term of antenatal check-ups. Skilled management of patients at the first referral units is advocated. There should be familiarity with the local protocol of relevant members of staff for management of massive hemorrhage. All major hemorrhages should be reviewed to ensure that there is no delay in provision of blood products.
Primary breast lymphoma: a case report
Authors: Taheri Hafsa , Hmila Asma , Saadi Hanane , Mimouni Ahmed
Published: April 2020

Primary breast lymphoma is a primary degeneration of the breast lymphoid tissue. Study aim to describe primary breast lymphoma; its clinical presentations, histological particularities and management methods. A 33 years-old patient with no medical history underwent a breast surgery. Its anatomo-pathological study, supplemented by immunohistochemistry, showed a primary breast lymphoma. The extension assessment was negative. The patient underwent chemotherapy with regression of the tumor. Breast lymphomas are rare conditions. Its clinical symptomatology is polymorphic and the imaging aspects are non-specific. It should be evoked in front of any breast tumor in order to avoid heavy breast surgery since the basic treatment is based on chemotherapy.
Dynamics of entanglement of atoms with two-photon transitions induced by a thermal field
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Bashkirov E.K.
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we investigate the entanglement between two two-level atoms non-resonantly in-teracting with a thermal field of a lossless one-mode resonator via degenerate two-photon transi-tions. On the basis of the exact solution of the time-dependent density matrix we calculate the negativity as a measure of atomic entanglement. We show that for separable initial atomic states a slight atom-field detuning may generate the high amount of atom-atom entanglement. The re-sults also show that for non-resonant atom-field interaction the entanglement induced by nonlin-ear two-photon interaction is smaller than that induced by one-photon interaction in contrast to the resonant interaction situation. For a Bell-type entangled initial atomic state we obtain that if the detuning increases, there is an appreciable decrease in the amplitudes of the negativity oscilla-tions. The results also show that elimination of the sudden death of entanglement for non-resonant two-photon atom-field interaction may take place.
An optical system for remote sensing in the UV, visible, and NIR spectral ranges
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk Science Centre of the Siberian Branch of Russian Akademy of Science, Vladimirov V.M. ,   Research-and-production company «Electron», Yukseev V.A. ,   Academician M. F. Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems, Lapukhin E.G. ,   Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology
Published: April 2020

In this work, we propose a high-resolution optical system for Earth remote sensing, operating at 200-3300-nm wavelengths and providing a 4º field of view. Parameters of the system's structural elements are calculated and presented. Dot charts of the spots of confusion for the center, intermediate zones, and the edge of the field are considered. Over most of the operating wavelengths, the optical system is shown to be diffraction-limited, which provides attaining the highest possible spatial resolution. This system is considered as a tool for monitoring of the Earth's surface and collection of information in the ultra-violet, visible and near infrared spectral ranges (200-3300 nanometers).
Topological charge of optical vortices and their superpositions
Authors:   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Kotlyar V.V. ,   Samara National Research University, Kovalev A.A. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University, Volyar A.V. ,   Physics and Technology Institute of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: April 2020

An optical vortex passed through an arbitrary aperture (with the vortex center found within the aperture) or shifted from the optical axis of an arbitrary axisymmetric carrier beam is shown to conserve the integer topological charge (TC). If the beam contains a finite number of off-axis optical vortices with different TCs of the same sign, the resulting TC of the beam is shown to be equal to the sum of all constituent TCs. For a coaxial superposition of a finite number of the Laguerre-Gaussian modes (n, 0), the resulting TC equals that of the mode with the highest TC (including sign). If the highest positive and negative TCs of the constituent modes are equal in magnitude, then TC of the superposition is equal to that of the mode with the larger (in absolute value) weight coefficient. If both weight coefficients are the same, the resulting TC equals zero. For a coaxial superposition of two different-amplitude Gaussian vortices, the resulting TC equals that of the constituent vortex with the larger absolute value of the weight coefficient amplitude, irrespective of the relation between the individual TCs.
Evaluation and Comparison of Efficacy of 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite and UV Rays for Disinfecting Polyvinyl Siloxane and Polyether Monophase Impression Material: An in vivo Study
Authors: Prakash Neha , Srivastava Rajeev , Pathak Apurva , Palekar Umesh , Choukse Vivek , Parmar Ankita
Published: April 2020

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite, UV rays for disinfecting Polyether Monophase and Polyvinyl monophase impression material. Materials and Methods: Ten healthy dentulous subjects irrespective of gender were selected. For each dentulous subject four impressions of maxillary arch were made with Polyvinyl siloxane and Polyether monophase impression material. First impression was kept as control. Second impression was disinfected with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite for 10 minutes. Third impression was disinfected by exposing it to UV light (A and B) for 3 minutes and fourth impression was disinfected by exposing it to UV light (A and B) for 10 minutes. The colony was observed based on standard method and technique under binocular microscope and the growth in broth were observed based on their turbidity with the help of colorimeter. Result: The intergroup comparison was done by using ANOVA test while the comparison between two groups was done by using paired t test. Conclusion: In this study sodium hypochlorite was found to be more effective in killing microorganisms than UV rays as it kills only surfaces microbes.
Determination of the Correlation between Dermatoglyphics and Periodontitis: A Case Control Study
Authors: Paul Jose , D'Lima Johnson Prakash , Sudhakar Aswathy Sheela , Parackal Senny Thomas , Paul K. Binitta , Thomas Deepak
Published: April 2020

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth resulting in progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease currently being hosted response of disease susceptible individuals to the bacterial products. Fingerprint patterns, being unique, unaffected by the environment, have a unique role in identifying an individual and their phenotype characteristics. Determine the correlation between dermatoglyphics and periodontitis and to compare the patterns of individuals with healthy periodontium and those with periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Dermatoglyphic patterns of 143 patients with healthy periodontium and 143 patients with periodontitis were analysed to determine the variations of dermatoglyphic patterns: Ulnar loop (U), Radial loop (R), Whorls (W) and Arches (A). The study groups used in this study are: Control, Chronic Periodontitis (CP) and Aggressive Periodontitis (AP). Chi-square test of association (two-tailed) is used for the analysis, and the significance level is taken to be p<0.05 Statistical Analysis was carried out using statistical package, SPSS (version 22.0.0.0). Results: The observations made in the study were a decrease in double loops in aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis, a decrease in ulnar loops and concentric whorls in aggressive periodontitis and an increase in transverse ulnar loops, symmetric whorls, concentric whorls and plain arches in chronic periodontitis. Conclusion: Dermatoglyphics can hence be used for early detection and implementing preventive measures for periodontitis susceptible individuals.
Geo-Protective Technologies in Transport Construction
Authors: Kozlov I.S. , Baidarashvili M.M. , Sakharova A.S. , Shrednik N.A.
Published: April 2020

The research results are presented – chemical properties (evaluation of the detoxifying ability of silica sol), physical (determination of the required concentration of silicon dioxide), and physico-mechanical (strength tests of samples) – the properties of silicas. Transport construction technologies are proposed in which the use of a new binder allows achieving higher strength indicators of fortified structures, as well as ensuring the fulfillment of the geoecological function and recycling of roads by using silica sol.
Placenta íncreta en el primer trimestre de gestación: a propósito de un caso
Authors: Gómez Jiménez Jorge Mario , Lopera Marín Beatriz Elena
Published: April 2020

Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 34 años de edad, cuya historia, examen clínico e histopatología de la lesión corresponden a incretismo placentario en el primer trimestre de gestación, el cual reviste interés por su escasa frecuencia en éste período gestacional y las graves consecuencias que puede acarrear.
La unidad médica
Authors: Lomanto Morán Antonio , Gaitán Duarte Hernando
Published: April 2020

Desde hace varios lustros hemos comentado que el pilar fundamental para la salvaguardia de nuestro ejercicio profesional, se basa en la unidad del cuerpo médico, pues de lo contrario iríamos indefectiblemente a ser unos asalariados más en el ejercicio de la profesión.Pero el individualismo que siempre ha caracterizado nuestra formación universitaria, hizo posible que la iniciativa de ser los mismos médicos quienes dirigiéramos nuestro propio ejercicio se truncara, y lamentablemente nos vemos abocados a la explotación que en un principio ejerció el estado y que posteriormente ha pasado a particulares y a la iniciativa privada.
Predicción de trabajo de parto pretérmino espontáneo
Authors: Cuartas Calle Adriana María
Published: April 2020

Existe la necesidad de encontrar medidas eficaces para la detección e intervención del trabajo de parto pretérmino, con el fin de disminuir la morbilidad neonatal y los altos costos derivados de la atención del recién nacido prematuro.Frente a esta necesidad, y ante el advenimiento de la ultrasonografía cérvicouterina, se requiere revisar algunos conceptos como: factores de riesgo, la valoración del cérvix durante el embarazo, la medición de la longitud cervical por ultrasonido transvaginal, la variación del cérvix con la edad gestacional, el valor de la fibronectina y de otras prueban que puedan servir como coadyuvantes en la detección el parto pretérmino.