bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CURSO DE INCLUSÃO DIGITAL PARA IDOSOS EM TEMPOS DE COVID-19
Authors: Marquios Epaminondas Jocênio , Coelho Vilaça e Silva Karla Helena
Published: March 2021

Introdução: Com o aumento alarmante de casos da COVID-19 no Brasil foi necessária a adaptação da oferta do  curso de Inclusão Digital para Idosos (IDI)  no Instituto Federal de Brasília – IFB de modo on line. No entanto, sabe-se que são muitos os desafios deste público em relação ao ambiente virtual. Objetivo: realizar levantamento sobre o desejo dos idosos em relação à modalidade do  curso (on line ou presencial), identificar se possuem Internet, frequência de acessos e dispositivo utilizado. Métodos: foi realizada consulta por meio de formulário eletrônico a 20 idosos matriculados no curso IDI  com perguntas sobre: interesse em realizar as atividades de forma on line, acesso à Internet, frequência de acesso, aplicação utilizada para as aulas, horário para acesso e se conseguem acompanhar as aulas on line. Resultados: 15 idosos responderam a pesquisa, sendo que: todos têm acesso à Internet em casa, 80% via WiFi, 20% por redes móveis; 53,3% acessam pelo celular, 33,4% pelo computador pessoal e 13,3% pelo computador compartilhado; 80% podem acessar a Internet todos os dias; 80% relataram conseguir acompanhar as aulas on line, 20% relataram ter muita dificuldade; 54,3% preferem utilizar o Google Meet, 33,4% YouTube e 13,3 não se manifestaram; e 86,6%  gostariam de manter as aulas na modalidade on line. Conclusão: A maioria dos idosos desejam continuar o curso em formato on line, visto que podem acessar a Internet por meio de redes Wifi ou redes móveis, utilizando celulares, computadores pessoais ou compartilhados.
FATORES BIOPSICOSSOCIAIS EM IDOSOS, DE ALTA VULNERABILIDADE SOCIAL, COM DOR LOMBAR CRÔNICA INESPECÍFICA
Authors: Da Cruz Souza Maria Júlia , Salvador Ribeiro Marques José , Souza Didoné Letícia , Machado de Jesus Isabela Thais , Zazzetta Marisa Silvana , De Souza Orlandi Fabiana , Gramani-Say Karina
Published: March 2021

Introdução: A dor lombar crônica inespecífica (DLCI) é a principal causa mundial de anos perdidos por incapacidade. A DLCI pode estar relacionada a aspectos biopsicossociais exacerbados com a vulnerabilidade social e que prejudicam a capacidade funcional. O conhecimento desses fatores auxilia na elaboração do plano de cuidado da DCLI. Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores biopsicossociais em idosos com DLCI em vulnerabilidade social. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal no qual participaram 158 idosos, divididos em dois grupos: Grupo Com Dor Lombar (GCDL) (n=104) e Grupo Sem Dor Lombar (GSDL) (n=52). Foi utilizado o banco do Programa Pesquisa Para o SUS (PPSUS), os idosos residiam em uma área de alta vulnerabilidade social, apresentavam compreensão para responder as perguntas e relato de dor na região lombar há mais de seis meses (CEP: 3.291.232/2019). As variáveis avaliadas foram Intensidade da Dor, Locais de Dor, Atividades de Vida diária, Mobilidade e Sintomas Depressivos. Foi realizado o Teste de Mann-Whitney (p≤0,05) (SPSS Statistics 22.0). Resultados: Houve diferença significativa no Teste Timed Up and Go (TUG), sendo que o GCDL apresentou pior desempenho (12,32±4,09s) em relação ao GSDL (11,35±3,39s). O GCDL também apresentou diferença por não realizar 30 minutos de atividade física diária. Conclusão: Os idosos com DLCI apresentam pior desempenho em relação à mobilidade e equilíbrio, estando mais propensos ao risco de quedas e não realizam atividade física regularmente. Pode-se considerar que a presença de dor crônica é influenciada pela inatividade física e a DLCI tem influência negativa na mobilidade em idosos em alta vulnerabilidade social.
ESTUDO DO NÚMERO DE ÓBITOS RESPIRATÓRIOS, EXCETO COVID-19, NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Anjo Nunes Neto Pedro , Bittencourt Oliveira Julia , Eduardo Dombrowski Pablo , Pedro Edinês Carolina , Cardoso Consoni Paulo Roberto
Published: March 2021

Introdução: As doenças respiratórias são responsáveis por grande parte das internações hospitalares de idosos no Rio Grande do Sul, o que desafia programas de atenção e políticas de saúde à pessoa idosa, principalmente pela alta taxa de morbimortalidade na população geriátrica. Idosos com doenças respiratórias apresentam um risco aumentado de óbito neste período de pandemia pelo covid-19, podendo levar à descompensação de doenças respiratórias crônicas. Objetivo: Comparar o número de óbitos de idosos por causas respiratórias, exceto pelo COVID-19, durante a pandemia, no primeiro semestre de 2020, com o mesmo período de anos anteriores. Método: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, quantitativo, que incluiu dados do período entre 2016 e 2020, excluindo-se os dados do segundo semestre de cada ano. Os dados foram obtidos e analisados a partir do formulário eletrônico do DataSUS. Resultado: Consideraram-se todos os óbitos causados por doenças respiratórias na faixa etária superior a 60 anos, foi constatado um total de 16.393 óbitos no intervalo estudado, com média geral de 3.278,6 mortes a cada primeiro semestre. Destacam-se 2016, com 3.558 óbitos, em contraste com 2020, que registrou 2.984. A pneumonia bacteriana foi responsável por 9.729 registros, representando 59% das mortes. Conclusão: A redução da mortalidade no primeiro semestre de 2020 por outras doenças respiratórias, provavelmente se deve pelo surgimento de óbitos por casos de COVID-19, mesmo assim, os dados demonstram o alto número de mortes e a gravidade sobre a população idosa portadora de doença do aparelho respiratório.
O PAPEL DAS ANIDRASES CARBONICAS NA CONSOLIDAÇÃO DA MEMÓRIA DE EXTINÇÃO
Authors: Godfried Nachtigall Eduarda , Schmidt Scheila Daiane , De Carvalho Myskiw Jociane , Guerino Furini Cristiane Regina , Beatrice Passani Maria , Blandina Patrizio , Provensi Gustavo , Izquierdo Ivan
Published: March 2021

Introdução: A extinção de memórias forma a base da terapia de exposição, o tratamento padrão para fobias, ansiedade e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático. A extinção não apaga a memória original, mas é um novo aprendizado que inibe sua expressão. Drogas que facilitem a extinção podem representar uma nova estratégia de tratamento para diversos transtornos. As anidrases carbônicas (AC) constituem um importante grupo de enzimas envolvidas em diversos processos fisiológicos, incluindo a formação da memória. Objetivo: Investigar a participação das AC cerebrais na extinção da memória de medo condicionado ao contexto (MCC). Métodos: Ratos Wistar adultos com cânulas implantadas estereotaxicamente nas regiões CA1 do hipocampo dorsal, amígdala basolateral (BLA), córtex pré-frontal ventromedial (vmPFC) ou substância nigra (SN) foram submetidos à tarefa de MCC, na qual os mesmos receberam 3 estímulos elétricos de 0,5 mA nas patas. Vinte e quatro horas depois eles foram submetidos a sessão de extinção durante 15 min ou 30 min. Imediatamente após, os animais receberam infusões de moduladores das AC nas regiões cerebrais alvo e, no dia seguinte, foram submetidos ao teste de retenção (3 min). Resultados: Acetazolamida prejudicou a consolidação da memória de extinção nas regiões CA1, BLA e vmPFC, enquanto que a D-fenilalanina potencializou esse processo significativamente. Nenhum efeito foi observado quando ACTZ ou D-Phen foram infundidos na SN. Conclusão: O envolvimento das AC em regiões cerebrais fundamentais para a formação da memória é essencial para garantir a consolidação da extinção da memória de medo.
CUIDADOS DE ENFERMAGEM A PESSOA IDOSA EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA COVID-19
Authors: Belmonte Bedin Bárbara , Molazzane Gabert Diulia , Dos Santos Balboni Letícia , Pereira Araújo Natalia , Fonseca Martins Patrícia , Moreschi Claudete
Published: March 2021

Introdução: O enfrentamento da pandemia da Covid-19 necessita de atribuições essenciais dos profissionais de enfermagem, os quais, em tempos pandêmicos, precisam compreender a complexidade da saúde do idoso e focar na prestação de uma assistência qualificada. Objetivo: Identificar a produção científica existente acerca do cuidado de enfermagem a pessoa idosa em tempos de pandemia COVID-19. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada na BDENF, em agosto de 2020, com os descritores “enfermagem” and “idoso” and “covid-19 or coronavirus”. Foram incluídos artigos na íntegra, que abordam a temática pesquisada. Resultados: As três produções analisadas são artigos de reflexão, duas provenientes de periódicos nacional e uma dos EUA. Refletiram sobre o “Fortalecimento da enfermagem frente ao cuidado da pessoa idosa em tempos de COVID-19”. Vislumbra-se que a pandemia poderá representar uma oportunidade de mudança nas relações com os idosos, mediante processos reformadores e transformadores, fortalecendo a enfermagem gerontológica. Os idosos são destaque na pandemia, sobretudo aqueles com doenças crônicas, despertando inúmeras reflexões, incertezas e questionamentos. Deste modo, urge a necessidade de restaurar a esperança e acreditar no cuidado gerontológico de enfermagem robusto, qualificado e seguro. A enfermagem precisa promover ações fundamentadas nas políticas e diretrizes atuais, bem como nos pilares da gerontologia, com manutenção da autonomia e independência do idoso. Conclusão: A enfermagem precisa ressignificar as ações de atenção ao idoso, buscando manter a autonomia e independência do idoso, melhorar a sua qualidade de vida, com foco no enfrentamento do momento pandêmico e vislumbrando cenários futuros de fortalecimento da enfermagem gerontológica.
IDOSOS CONVIVENDO COM O TRATAMENTO HEMODIALÍTICO NA PERSPECTIVA DA COMPLEXIDADE
Authors: Rosa de Oliveira Pires Fernanda , Dacoregio Martins Bianca , Chagas e Silva Giordanna Nayara , Cristini de Lucca Danieley , Cegan Gribner Fernanda , Rosa Suzana , Silveira de Almeida Hammerschmid Karina t
Published: March 2021

Introdução: O aumento da população idosa e das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis têm se tornado mais prevalentes, com destaque para a Hipertensão e o Diabetes Mellitus, principais responsáveis pela origem da Doença Renal Crônica (DRC). Os idosos que vivenciam a hemodiálise passam por mudanças de hábitos em seus cotidianos que podem influenciar em sua percepção sobre a essência da vida. Objetivo: Compreender as mudanças de hábitos de vida dos idosos com doença renal crônica em tratamento hemodialítico. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa com referencial metodológico da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. A coleta de dados ocorreu por entrevista semiestruturada com total de 20 idosos. A análise de dados se deu por meio da codificação inicial, focalizada e categorização. O estudo teve aprovação do comitê de ética. Resultados: A categoria central: “Convivendo com o tratamento” e suas subcategorias: I) Vivenciando a dualidade; II) Despertando para as mudanças de hábitos de vida demonstram através dos eixos temáticos: dificuldades vivenciadas, despertar para o melhor, alterações dos hábitos de vida,  apego a crenças e  apoio da família a complexa inter-relação dos idosos frente às mudanças decorrentes do tratamento hemodialítico. Conclusão: Os idosos desenvolvem a auto-eco-organização diante de seus processos de mudança de hábitos apesar das dificuldades enfrentadas no tratamento. Deste modo, o equilíbrio é a peça chave para a vida dos idosos em tratamento hemodialítico. O processo de mudança de hábitos torna-se real diante de situação limite de saúde/doença; deve ser analisado no contexto ecossistêmico de saúde, envolvendo a idoso, família, rede de apoio e profissionais.
Looking for an answer under the shadow−Life narratives among people living with HIV/AIDS and their caregivers
Authors: Wang Shou-Yu Cindy , Chang Mei-Li , Chang Ying-Ying
Published: March 2021

In Taiwan, the number of cases of newly diagnosed AIDS is increasing every year, and those diagnosed tend to be younger people. Antiretroviral therapy has increased the overall survival rate; however, people living with AIDS face many problems in adapting to this lifelong illness. In this study, we investigate the life narrative and interactions of people living with AIDS and their caregivers. Using a narrative approach, 12 participants, consisting AIDS patients and their caregivers, were invited to one-on-one in-depth interviews to explore their life experience. The study’s results identified five themes: an inability to speak to others about AIDS, isolating oneself from the world, promises that cannot be given, condemnation from others for having AIDS, and having an unknown future. The stories were based on these five themes. Understanding the life narratives of those with AIDS can help to address and resolve the problems associated with living with AIDS. When medical science and technology are advancing, the Internet, media, and other more directed education have enabled easy acquisition of AIDS-related knowledge. AIDS has become a chronic disease. However, the public still cannot accept AIDS. People living with AIDS and their caregivers have not been able to walk out of the shadow of the disease, as even for those who are willing to reveal their illness, the results do not always turn out well. People living with AIDS and their caregivers can only secretly take care of and encourage each other.
The Effectiveness of a Strategy Based on the Concepts of a Growth Mindset for Teaching Carpentry and Decoration in Developing Practical Vocational Skills and Imaginative Thinking
Authors: AL-Husaini Adnan Said Ahmad , Amayreh Eman Abdlfatah
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to investigate the impact of a strategy based on the concepts of growth mindset for teaching carpentry and decoration on developing practical professional skills and imaginative thinking among ninth grade students in the State of Kuwait. The study followed the semi-experimental approach. To achieve the objectives of the study, an observational checklist for practical vocational skills was prepared, consisting of (18) skills, and a test was prepared to measure the imaginative thinking skills of the sample members consisting of (10) essay questions. The study was applied to a sample of (51) students and they were divided randomly into two groups. Experimental, with (26) students, a control, (25) students. The study found a statistically significant effect of teaching with a strategy based on the concepts of growth mindset in improving practical professional skills and developing imaginative thinking skills.
An Analysis of the Founding and Changes of Journal of Silk
Authors: Xing Yu , Yang Xiaoming
Published: March 2021

The history of Journal of Silk, especially the early history, is full of ambiguity because of missing sample publications and passing away or forgetting of founders. By capturing the relevant information from the existing sample publications, this paper can make precise speculations of some phases of the development of Journal of Silk. It concludes that the Journal of Silk has renamed six times since the establishment in 1956, which are Zhejiang Silk Industry News (1956-1962), Zhejiang Silk (1963), Silk (1964-1966), Silk Intelligence (1971-1972), Silk News (1973), Silk (1974 ~). The characteristics of Journal of Silk with each name are closely related to that era, and the founding of Journal of Silk is closely related to Zhu Xinyu.
The Impact of a Digital Educational Story Based on Sports on Developing Alphabetical Learning Skills among Jordanian Pre-School Kids in Light of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Almistareehi Hussien H. , Nashwan Nashwan A.
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to identify the impact of a digital educational story based on sports on developing alphabetical learning skills among Jordanian pre-school kids in light of the Covid-19 pandemic. The study sample consisted of (29) pre-school kids from the leaders' international schools, "The International Curriculum," which is affiliated to Al-Qweismeh District's Directorate in Amman. The study used an Experimental approach; the study sample chosen by intention randomly was divided into two groups: experimental group (14) kids: (7) girls and (7) boys, and control group (15) kids: (7) are boys, and (8) are girls. To achieve the study's goal, the researchers built a guide for the teacher to implement the experiment; they also built a pre-and post-test consisting of (16) items and provided the Arabic language teacher with digital educational stories based on sport learning the alphabet. The stories include the alphabet lessons: (letter al-ba, letter al-da, letter al-ha, letter al-ain), from the "curriculum in the Arabic language” for the academic year 2020/2021. The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences in favor of students of the experimental group, which studied the digital educational story in each Alphabet learning skills: Pronunciation, Abstraction, and writing, in the combined skills, and the absence of statistically significant differences attributed to gender, interaction in testing the skills of learning the alphabet together, and in each of the skills of learning the alphabets: (pronunciation, abstraction, writing). In light of the findings mentioned above, the researchers proposed a set of recommendations that include Arabic language curricula guides in digital educational programs based on sports to be used in learning and teaching processes in teaching Arabic.
Fertility Decrease and Son Preference Among the Educated Middle-Class in Kathmandu
Authors: Dahal Bishnu Prasad
Published: March 2021

The aim of this research article is to explore the persistence of single child especially the son preference in a Hindu dominated patrilineal, patrilocal society found in Kathmandu is facing the midst of fertility decline. Using semi-structured interview schedule with the help of observation and ethnographic field work mostly in middle class families of Kathmandu, I have tried to analyze the role of socio-cultural factors in selecting the number of baby conceiving and give birth, gender of child etc. regarding reproductive health and concern were questioned to married women and which remained intact. Fertility decrease or increase is not due to the only the demographic factors, it is due to the multiple factors; social factors, cultural, ecological, economic, religious and psychological, political etc. that’s why, due to various reasons fertility is decreasing day by day in one hand and in other hand son preference is increasing day by day. People usually working couple do not want more than single child and they want to give birth a single son. It impacts on population composition, sex ration, increase abortion, familial quarrel etc. Son preference is because of multiple reasons; economic, religious, cultural, social, political familial, lineage system, customs, norms values, attitudes etc.
THE ROLE OF GUARDIAN FOR AN AGGRIEVED
MINOR IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Urbaniak-Mastalerz Izabela
Published: March 2021

The study presents the problem of the role of guardian for an aggrieved minor in criminal proceedings. The legal regulations and court decisions are indicated regarding the role of guardian for a minor. The author attempts to solve the problem of how the role of guardian for minors should be perceived, given the existing jurisprudence of the Supreme Court and common courts. The conclusions from the evaluation of the regulations and judgments, based on the available statistics, form the starting point for the assessment of the guardian’s capacities in legal proceedings.
THE MOST IMPORTANT GOALS AND MOST
DIFFICULT ACTIONS TAKEN BY PROBATION
OFFICERS. PRESENTATION OF SELECTED RESULTS
OF RESEARCH WORK AS PART OF THE PROJECT:
“THE PROFESSION OF PROBATION OFFICER
IN POLAND: WORK…, MISSION…, PASSION…,
ADVENTURE…?”
Authors: Chmielewska Anna
Published: March 2021

The profession of probation officer, with its vital goals and difficulties which need to be met, reflect the problems that occur in the modern family. The probation officer plays an important role in the counseling system. This is the result of both the statutory tasks assigned to them and the primary goals of the profession of probation officer. The article presents selected results of research conducted in 2015 and 2016 among professional probation officers from all over Poland, who presented their position regarding, for example, the understanding the role of probation officer, the goals of the job and the most difficult activities. The opinions of the respondents confirm that the role of probation officer goes far beyond control functions, and the effects must be viewed in the long-term dimension.
HUMAN BEINGS AS CONCEIVED
BY JÓZEF ROSENBLATT
Authors: Prejsnar-Szatyńska Sabina
Published: March 2021

An article’s objective is to analyze Józef Rosenblatt’s thought. He was a lawyer, professor of criminal law at the turn of the19th and 20th century. Inspired by anthropology, he tried to solved old criminal problems in a new way. His outlook shows how that criminal law developed until today, when we can eventually use solutions preventing crime from the end of the 19th century. Some of them have turned out to be inappriopriate (like whipping), but some of them have showed us a good direction (local communities and societies taking care of convicts) and they are an importat factor in resocialisation.
Crime causes and prevention are related to Rosenblatt’s anthropology. According to him, a human being is determined by his/her drives. When one makes a decision, one has one’s reasons and motifs. One’s behviour depends upon power of these motifs. Human nature, understood in this way, can lead to positive change in people’s conduct.
Application of the Optimized Summed Score Attributes Method for Sex Estimation
Authors: Long Holly , Klales Alexandra
Published: March 2021

The optimized summed scored attributes (OSSA) method was first developed for cranial ancestry estimation (Hefner & Ousley 2014). Tallman and Go (2018) adapted this method for sex estimation with the five skull traits described by Buikstra and Ubelaker (1994) and Walker (2008). Using an Asian sample, Tallman and Go (2018) achieved moderate accuracy rates (83.7% calibration; 81.9% validation) but also high sex bias (29.1% calibration; 34.5% validation), possibly due to lower levels of sexual dimorphism in Asian populations. To further explore this novel approach to sex estimation, the OSSA method was applied to a U.S. Black/African ancestry and White/European ancestry calibration sample (N = 700). Accuracy rates were 77.4% in Black individuals and 77.2% in White individuals. Despite generally higher levels of sexual dimorphism in these groups, a high sex bias still occurred (15.4% Black individuals; –20.5% White individuals) using OSSA. The method was tested in a separate validation sample (N = 200) with accuracy of 78.0% in Black individuals (8.0% sex bias) and 70.0% in White individuals (–56.0% sex bias). When these same traits were tested with Walker’s (2008) logistic regression and in the MorphoPASSE Program (Klales 2018) using random forest modeling, accuracy rates varied ,with OSSA (77.3% correct), performing slightly better than Walker’s (2008) method (75.6% correct) but worse than MorphoPASSE (85.3% correct). The higher accuracy and lower sex bias in MorphoPASSE suggests that the Walker (2008) traits can be used to accurately estimate sex with statistical approaches more appropriate and robust than OSSA.
Apologies and the Legacy of an Unlawful Application of Terra Nullius in Terra Australis
Authors: Pitt-Walker Stephen
Published: March 2021

The use of the legal fiction, terra nullius, as it was erroneously applied to Terra Australis, Australia, as a legal doctrine, supported the British colonial power’s right to settle that territory. Since then, many unspoken (as well as acknowledged) acts of structural and direct violence have been perpetrated against the First Nations population in Australia via the imposition, and later ‘reception’, of the legal system and laws of England, as well as the dominant socio-political system, that represented the British Crown.
Book Review
Authors: Scutt Jocelynne A.
Published: March 2021

Title: Catch and Kill: Lies, Spies and Conspiracy to Protect Predators

Author: Ronan Farrow

Publisher: Fleet/Little, Brown & Company, London

Date of Publication: 2019

Hard Back, pp 448 (including endnotes)

Title: She Said: Breaking the Sexual Harassment Story that Helped Ignite a Movement

Authors: Jodi Kantor and Megan Twohey

Publisher: Bloomsbury Circus/Bloomsbury, London

Date of Publication: 2019

Hardback, pp 310 (including index)

Title: Brave – A revealing and empowering memoir

Author: Rose McGowan

Publisher: HarperCollins

Date of Publication: 2018

Hardback, pp. 245 (plus Author’s Note & Preface ix-xvi)
RUTE
Authors: Leite Eliathan Carvalho
Published: March 2021

Diante da compreensão de que há uma forte relação entre cultura, ética e missão cristã, visto tais fatores influenciarem a praxe das igrejas e sua relação com o mundo, o presente estudo busca contribuir com elementos que tragam maior esclarecimento à percepção bíblica do conceito de cultura. Para tanto, uma pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica e análise documental foi aqui efetuada, tomando como base principal o livro de Rute. Mediante leitura dessa amostra, foi possível observar que o conceito de cultura, embora não trabalhado de forma sistematizada, está presente nas Escrituras. Além disso, notou-se que, nas Escrituras, cultura diz respeito à identidade de um povo, sendo essa identidade formada a partir de pressupostos diferentes (como, por exemplo, de ordem religiosa), resultando em diferentes modos de vida. No contexto bíblico, tais pressupostos devem ser avaliados a partir dos dizeres divinos, a fim de que sejam aceitos como válidos ou rejeitados.
Digitale Methoden: Zur Positionierung eines Ansatzes
Authors: Rogers Richard
Published: March 2021

Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, ein Grundverständnis von digitalen Methoden und ihrer Anwendung zu vermitteln, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Nutzung von Software bei dieser Art der Forschung. Dazu wird in einem ersten Schritt argumentiert, warum es bei einer Forschung mittels digitaler Methoden nicht darum geht, Webdaten im Vergleich mit der sozialen Welt jenseits des Webs zu „überprüfen“. Vielmehr geht es darum, das Web in seiner eigenen Spezifik für die Forschung nutzbar zu machen. Entsprechend setzen digitale Methoden bei „nativ“, d. h. originär digitalen Daten an und unterscheiden sich so von anderen Methoden des Computational Turn in den Sozial- und Geisteswissenschaften. Dies konkretisiert sich in der Forschungspraxis der digitalen Methoden, die anhand der Nutzung des Internet Archive, der Google Websuche, von Wikipedia, Facebook, Twitter und YouTube sowie plattformübergreifenden Studien veranschaulicht wird. Solche Beispiele machen deutlich, dass es bei digitalen Methoden um eine spezifische „Wiederverwendung“ von Online-Daten geht, ähnlich wie bei anderen non-responsiven Methoden.
Tool Criticism and the Computational Turn. A “Methodological Moment” in Media and Communication Studies
Authors: Es Karin van , Schäfer Mirko Tobias , Wieringa Maranke
Published: March 2021

As ever more data becomes available to work with, the use of digital tools within the humanities and social sciences is becoming increasingly common. These digital tools are often imported from other institutional contexts and were originally developed for other purposes. They may harbour concepts and techniques that stand in tension with traditions in the humanities and social sciences. Moreover, there are many easy-to-use tools for the collection, processing and analysis of data that require no knowledge of their limitations. Problematically, these tools are often assigned such values as reliability and transparency when in fact they are active mediators caught up in the epistemic process. In this paper, we highlight the need for a critical, reflexive attitude toward the tools we use in digital methods. It is a plea for what we call “tool criticism” and an attempt to think through what this mode of criticism would entail in practice for the academic field. The need for tool criticism is contextualised in view of the emerging ideological and methodological critique toward digital methods. Touching on the so-called science wars we explore knowledge as a construction and consider the importance of accounting for knowledge claims. These considerations open up an assessment of the accountability measures that are being discussed and developed in our field by individuals and institutions alike. In conclusion, we underscore the urgency of this endeavour and its vital role for media and communication scholars.
Gütekriterien und Handlungsempfehlungen für die Entwicklung von Forschungssoftware in der Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaft
Authors: Haim Mario
Published: March 2021

Die Entwicklung von Forschungssoftware ist für die empirische Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaft (KMW) aufgrund sozialer, gesetzlicher, normativer und technologischer Veränderungen unabdingbar. Forschungssoftware umfasst dabei Skripte und Programme, die für den Zweck der Forschung und innerhalb des Fachs entwickelt werden, deren Entwicklung in der KMW jedoch, im Gegensatz zu einigen anderen Disziplinen, häufig innerhalb einzelner Forschungsprojekte und nicht selten durch (autodidaktisch) programmierende Forschende erfolgt - ein Umstand, der zwar Innovation fördert, gleichzeitig aber einer Institutionalisierung von Forschungssoftware entgegensteht. Dieser Beitrag leitet daher aus in dieser Hinsicht fortschrittlicheren Disziplinen neun Gütekriterien für Forschungssoftware in der KMW ab: Forschungssoftware sollte demnach zugänglich, anschlussfähig, verständlich, nachvollziehbar, autonom, strukturiert, verifiziert, umsichtig und nutzbar sein. Darauf aufbauend schlägt der Beitrag vier Handlungsempfehlungen vor, um diese Güte auch nachhaltig zu institutionalisieren: frühzeitige und gestärkte Methodenausbildung, angemessene Möglichkeiten der Sichtbarkeit und Anerkennung, mehr und passendere Förderformate sowie institutionalisierte Anreize, die eine professionelle Auseinandersetzung mit Forschungssoftware auch in Karriereoptionen übersetzen.
Die Entwicklung der Rechtsprechung zur patentrechtlichen Äquivalenzlehre
in Deutschland und Großbritannien
Authors: Ostendorff Philipp
Published: March 2021

Is a uniform European doctrine of equivalence within reach in light of the recent UK Supreme Court decision in Actavis v. Eli Lilly? Taking a comparative approach, the thesis outlines the development of case law on the scope of patent protection in Germany and the United Kingdom by looking at the respective precedents and examines whether there is a common foundation for a uniform doctrine of equivalence in the two most important patent jurisdictions in Europe. It deals in particular with the two controversial and for practitioners very relevant problem areas of the "prosecution history estoppel" as well as the so-called selection decision and makes a proposal for a reform of the EPC.
European Consensus between Strategy and Principle
Authors: Theilen Jens T.
Published: March 2021

This study offers a critical account of the reasoning employed by the European Court of Human Rights, particularly its references to European consensus. Based on an in-depth analysis of the Court’s case-law against the backdrop of human rights theory, it will be of interest to both practitioners and theorists.

While European consensus is often understood as providing an objective benchmark within the Court’s reasoning, this study argues to the contrary that it forms part of the very structures of argument that render human rights law indeterminate. It suggests that foregrounding consensus and the Court’s legitimacy serves to entrench the status quo and puts forward novel ways of approaching human rights to enable social transformation.
Neuropsychology of Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Espert Raúl , Gadea Marien
Published: March 2021

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an occlusive cerebrovascular disease characterized by progressive stenosis or occlusion in the terminal portion of the bilateral internal carotid arteries, and affect both children and adults. In this pathology, which presents itself through ischemia or cerebral hemorrhage, an unusual compensatory vascular network (moyamoya vessels) develops at the brain’s base in the form of collateral channels. MMD can present clinically as hemiparesis, dysarthria, aphasia, headache, seizures, visual deficits, syncope, or personality changes. Neuropsychologically, and even in the absence of obvious stroke, patients often present impaired attention, memory, behavior, and executive functions. This book chapter reviews the current literature regarding the neuropsychological deficits of MMD both in children and adults.
Serotonin Pathway in Neuroimmune Network
Authors: Mondanelli Giada , Volpi Claudia
Published: March 2021

Once considered merely as a neurotransmitter, serotonin (5-HT) now enjoys a renewed reputation as an interlocutor in the dense and continuous dialogue between neuroendocrine and immune systems. In the last decades, a role has been depicted for serotonin and its derivatives as modulators of several immunological events, due to the expression of specific receptors or enzymes controlling 5-HT metabolism in diverse immune cell types. A growing body of evidence suggests that the effects of molecules belonging to the 5-HT pathways on the neuroimmune communication may be relevant in the clinical outcome of autoimmune/inflammatory pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS), such as multiple sclerosis, but also in Alzheimer’s disease, or in mood disorders and major depression. Moreover, since the predominance of 5-HT is produced by enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract, where 5-HT and its derivatives are important mucosal signalling molecules giving rise to the so-called “brain-gut axis”, alterations in brain-gut communication are also involved in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of several psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Here we illustrate how functional interactions between immune and neuronal cells are crucial to orchestrate tissue homeostasis and integrity, and the role of serotonin pathway components as pillars of the neuroimmune system.
A Qualitative Study of Pre-Vaccine Decrease of Mortality from COVID-19
Authors: Mammadov Vugar , Jafarova Lala
Published: March 2021

More than a year has passed since the appearance of disease called COVID-19 in the world. This disease became the reason for unprecedented measures taken so far, having received the classification of pandemic. The world has faced with pandemics before, but society has not yet taken such unprecedented restrictive measures. The restrictions of not only local but even of global nature, such as the suspension of international flights, various scientific and political events were adopted around the world. Media resources have played a key role in the formation and development of the attitude towards the disease in people. Despite all the depressing news, the facts showed a low mortality rate, which is often ignored by the media. As a result, medical staff around the world have faced psychological health issues among the different groups of the population, especially vulnerable ones such as people with chronic disease and with weak immunity. At present, it is early to talk about the results and outcomes of the pandemic. However, previous year has taught us many lessons and can become a key factor in understanding the role of the media in pandemic times, developing strategies for combating diseases and protecting public health.
Human resources development in the function of sustainable development with reference to the educational system in Kosovsko Pomoravlje District
Authors: Kojić Nenad , Staletović Maja , Dajić Milan
Published: March 2021

In a knowledge-based economy, the sustainable development of each country almost exclusively depends on the quality of human resources. In such conditions, the need for development is becoming increasingly important. As education becomes the most important pillar in the development of human resources, it is essential that it is in accordance with the concept of sustainable development and that it has practical value as well. The quality of education depends on the quality of the teaching staff. The development of teachers in accordance with the new trends which are imposed by a dynamic environment has a major influence not only on the developments of schools but also on increasing the quality of the entire educational system, which will ultimately have a positive impact on the sustainable development of the entire economy. Consequently, a need for continuous learning and improving the necessary skills, in accordance with the demands of the environment is imposed, as we should not neglect the fact that the social development of human resources is an important component of sustainable development.
Obtaining funds on the basis of leasing in the Republic of Srpska
Authors: Lošić Slavko , Malinović Mirko , Jovanović Milica
Published: March 2021

This paper is dedicated to leasing operations in the Republic of Srpska, which are regulated by law. Leasing is a legal transaction where the lessor transfers the right to hold and use the leased object to the lessee for a certain period, with his obligation to pay the agreed leasing fee and with the right to return the leased object to the lessor, buy it or extend the lease agreement. This way of financing is mostly used by newly established, small and medium enterprises, which do not already have the amount of funds needed to obtain investment goods. By concluding a leasing contract, the lessee does not acquire the right of ownership over the object of leasing, but acquires economic benefits from the use of the object of leasing. The lease agreement usually coincides in time with the useful life of the assets, i.e. the period of depreciation calculation. The practice is that the same contract allows the lessee to repurchase the leased asset at a symbolic price.
Financing of SME sector in Serbia via bank loans: Crisis and postcrisis trends
Authors: Šutaković Teodora
Published: March 2021

The SME sector in Serbia is extremely important for the economy of Serbia as it makes a large part of the non-financial sector, employs the most people in Serbia and participates largely in the GVA of Serbia. However, SME sector it is still insufficiently profitable and non-efficient. Bank loans are the dominant external way of financing SME sector in Serbia. The financial crisis, which has started in 2008, has affected the movement of interest rates, the availability of bank loans, bank loan security requests and the level of non-performing loans. First signs of the recovery of SME sector in Serbia have been seen in 2013.
Preparation of Serbia for implementation of Chapter 22 in the field of regional policy
Authors: Živojinović Sonja
Published: March 2021

Regional policy is the EU's main instrument for investing in sustainable and inclusive economic growth. Member States are responsible for its implementation, which requires adequate administrative capacity and sound financial management. When Serbia becomes a member of the EU, it will have at its disposal many times more funds from the EU structural funds than the ones it currently receives, and for the use of which it must prepare before joining the Union. Member States must respect EU law when selecting and implementing projects, in areas related to regional policy and Structural Instruments. Member States must also establish the institutional framework, organizational arrangements and necessary organizational arrangements to prepare supporting documents. This implies the establishment of all structures at the national and regional level required by EU regulations and standards. This Chapter 22 has a double meaning: it is important in itself, because through the negotiations on this Chapter it must be proven that we are in the mood to establish good and sufficient capacities for the use of EU Cohesion Policy. At the same time, Serbia is thus preparing to be an equal participant in the Union's Cohesion Policy, as well as all other member states.
Risk assessment for diabetes type 2 conditions for nature in nutrition in adolescents
Authors: Lukić Igor , Ranković Nevena , Ranković Dragica
Published: March 2021

This paper will present the results of a study on dietary habits in adolescents. The high school or adolescent era is a time of great physical and psychological changes, which cause instability and oscillations in the mood and behavior of high school students. Results obtained by interviewing secondary school students about eating habits and results obtained using a standardized questionnaire for the risk of type 2 diabetes were analyzed using a reliable statistical tool IBM SPSS Statistical, which offers a range of reliable analyzes and statistical tests. Previous research has shown that for each person with type 2 diabetes, one person finds out who does not know it. Discovery of pre-diabetes, in new potential patients, is necessary at the earliest age, when a number of factors affect lifestyles, such as irregular nutrition and obesity, physical inactivity, stress, and others become important for the development of this disease. Detection of risk levels in potential patients is important for both the individual and public health, and everyday clinical practice. After determining the degree of risk for a particular sample, a set of measures for a particular adolescent population will be recommended, so that the disease does not occur, or its onset will move for a later period of life.
International commercial courts as new actors in adjudication business: Collaborators or competitors?
Authors: Stevanović Balša
Published: March 2021

International commercial courts are a relatively new phenomenon that changes the configuration of the international adjudication business. As novel players on the dispute resolution scene, these courts challenge the notion of competition between the existing actors in the business. From the perspective of arbitration, international commercial courts tend to be perceived as both collaborators and competitors. Furthermore, various driving forces influenced the creation of these courts, which gave them a hybrid structure and a quite unique institutional appearance. This article examines three prominent courts in three different parts of the world: the Dubai International Financial Centre Courts (DIFCC), the Singapore International Commercial Court (SICC) and the Netherlands Commercial Court (NCC). The aim is to identify the main features of these adjudication actors that operate within three highly commercially relevant geographic regions in order to outline their character and role on the adjudication business stage. Eventually, through these examples this article addresses the puzzling question of competition versus cooperation in contrast to arbitration. Nevertheless, it is still hard to give a definitive answer - it seems too early for a firm prediction regarding the future of these projects. Jurisprudence must be developed in order to comprehensively test the success of international commercial courts
The relationship between body mass index and estimated glomerular filtration rate
Authors: Klačar Marija , Zarić Marija , Popović Jagoda
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION: The increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem. The prevalence of obesity has also been rapidly increasing worldwide. Few studies have examined the relationship between excess body weight and CKD risk. Aim: To evaluate the possible contribution of increased body mass index (BMI) to impaired renal function in the general population sample. METHODS: The study involved 500 participants older than 30 years (228 men, 272 women, age 57.58±13.68) who visited their general practitioner in Health Center "Dr Simo Milošević". Blood samples, blood pressure anthropometric measures were performed on each participant. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the abbreviated equation from MDRD study ("the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study") and CKD was defined as eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73m². Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 19.0 software (IBM, Somers, New York, USA). RESULTS: The mean BMI was 25.09±3.54 kg/m² with 0.6% in underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m²), 17.6% in lower normal (BMI 18.5 to 21.9 kg/m²), 33.2% in upper normal (BMI 22.0 to 24.9 kg/m²) and 48.6% in overweight or obese (BMI>25.0 kg/m²) body mass category. The mean eGFR was 100.33±30.78 ml/min/1.73m² with 112±8.62 in underweight, 116.94±3.8 in lower normal, 102.37±2.39 in upper normal and 92.78±1.72 in overweight or obese category. Estimated GFR values decreased significantly with increasing BMI specially in those in upper normal compared to lower normal (p<0.001) and overweight and obese compared to lower normal body mass category (p<0.001). Compared with participants with lower normal body mass, the non-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for mildly or moderately reduced renal function (eGFR<90 ml/min/1.73m²) was 2.54 (95% CI 1.41-4.56) for upper normal and 3.26 (95% CI 1.88-5.70) for overweight and obese participants. After adjusting for potential confounding variables (age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and smoking status) or for mildly or moderately reduced renal function was 2.23 (95% CI 1.21-4.10) for upper normal 2.65 (95% CI 1.44-4.87) for overweight or obese participants compared to those in lower normal body mass category. CONCLUSION: Estimated GFR values decreased significantly with increasing BMI specially in those in upper normal compared to lower normal (p<0.001) and overweight and obese compared to lower normal body mass category (p<0.001). This study showed that increasing BMI is strongly associated with decreasing eGFR in the general population. The underlying mechanism behind this association remains to be investigated through prospective population-based studies.
Entronizar la nadería: analogía, ironía y metaironía en el ready-made duchampiano según Octavio Paz
Authors: Urralburu Marcelo
Published: March 2021

En este artículo vamos a desarrollar una serie de conceptos críticos de la obra ensayística de Octavio Paz, concretamente, los de analogía e ironía, de raigambre claramente romántica y simbolista, y el metaironía, conceptualizado específicamente por el autor para explicar un fenómeno estético propio de las vanguardias artísticas. Sin embargo, no nos dedicaremos a todos los artistas que renovaron las formas de creación cultural a principios del siglo XX, sino que nos detendremos en la obra temprana de un figura que interesó especialmente a Octavio Paz: Marcel Duchamp. De esta manera, explicamos la evolución y aplicación de estos conceptos a través de diferentes reflexiones y autores de interés. Observaremos que en el fondo de estas reflexiones se encuentran las claves de la modernidad poética, según era entendida por el poeta mexicano, y que se manifestaba en una trayectoria cultural que culminaba o alcanzaba la plenitud, precisamente, con la obra de Duchamp.

In this paper, we are going to develop a series of critical concepts from Octavio Paz’s essay works, specifically, those of analogy and irony, of clearly romantic and symbolist roots, and meta-irony, particularly conceptualized by the author to explain an aesthetic phenomenon of the Avant-garde. However, we will not devote ourselves to all the artists who renewed the forms of cultural creation at the beginning of the 20th century, but we will stop at the early work of a figure that was specially interesting to Octavio Paz: Marcel Duchamp. In this way, we are going to explain the evolution and application of these concepts through different reflections and authors of interest. We will observe that at the bottom of these reflections are found the keys of poetic modernity as understood by the Mexican poet, and that it manifested itself in a cultural trajectory that culminated or reached fullness, precisely, with Duchamp’s works.