bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fungi biodiversity during biorefinery of oil palm waste
Authors: KESUMANINGWATI RORO , NUGROHO RUDY AGUNG , DARMA SURYA , FAHRUNSYAH FAHRUNSYAH , CANDRA KRISHNA PURNAWAN , HARDI ESTI HANDAYANI , DARMA SURIA
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Kesumaningwati R, Nugroho RA, Darma S, Fahrunsyah, Candra KP, Hardi EH, Darma S. 2024. Fungi biodiversity during biorefinery of oil palm waste. Biodiversitas 25: 3596-3607. The rapidly growing palm oil industry faces significant waste management challenges that necessitate improvements in the biorefinery processes. This study aimed to determine the diversity of fungi during the biorefinery process of oil palm waste. An optimization study was conducted utilizing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken experimental design. We examined four factors: the bioactivator, Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB), Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), and the composting time in a 3 kg biorefinery system. The results revealed 16 and 21 types of fungi at the genus and species levels, respectively. The biodiversity indices, specifically the Simpson (D) and Shannon (H’), reflected shifts in fungal diversity throughout the biorefinery process. The indices at the genus level peaked in the middle of the biorefinery (day 24.5, indicating the highest diversity) with low (D=0.085-0.154) and medium (H’=1.992-2.671) values. On day 7, the compost temperature was 34.98°C, declining to 29.50 and 28.82°C on days 24.5 and 42, respectively. Aspergillaceae and Rhizopodaceae were the two dominant families involved in the composting process, with Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Rhizopus being the predominant genera. At the species level, Aspergillus flavus Link, Aspergillus fumigatus Fresen., Aspergillus niger Tiegh., and Rhizopus sp. were fully engaged during the composting process. OPEFB concentration and composting time significantly influenced the compost C/N ratio, as did the interaction between composting time and the other two factors (EM4 volume and OPEFB). The optimal composting conditions were determined to be: EM4 volume of 15 mL, OPEFB at 30.895%, POME at 59.989%, and a composting time of seven days. The resulting compost exhibited a C/N ratio of 19.084, moisture content of 49.999%, C-organic content of 72.595%, N-total of 3.791%, and K-total of 5.867%, with a desirability of 77.6%.
Evolution of Femoral Neck Implants: In Search of the Perfect Implant
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, D.Y Patil School of Medicine and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Kale Sachin , Vatkar Arvind ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Fortis Hiranandani Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Department of Orthopaedics, MGM Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Dhar Sanjay ,   Department of Orthopaedics, D.Y Patil School of Medicine and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Bhor Pramod ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Fortis Hiranandani Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Phadnis Ashish ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Jupiter Hospital, Thane, Maharashtra, India, Jayaram Rohan ,   Department of Orthopaedics, D.Y Patil School of Medicine and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,
Published: December 2024

Femoral neck fractures have significant orthopedic difficulty, particularly in younger patients with high-energy trauma. The femoral neck system improves rotational stability, allows for controlled dynamic compression, and is less invasive than cannulated cancellous screws. However, steep learning curves, more significant starting expenditures, and more long-term data still need to be addressed. Emerging technologies, such as robotic-assisted surgeries and personalized implants created with artificial intelligence
and 3D printing, can transform fracture therapy by boosting accuracy, lowering complications, and improving patient-specific care.
Future advances will improve results and patient happiness.
Keywords: Femoral neck fractures, femoral neck system, cannulated screws, rotational stability, angular stability, minimally invasive surgery, fracture fixation, osteoporotic fractures, clinical outcomes, implant innovations.
Relation of Femur Neck Shaft Angle with Hip Fractures: An Observational Retrospective Study
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, DY Patil Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Butala Rajendraprasad Ramesh , Das Sonali ,   Department of Orthopaedics, DY Patil Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Hip fractures are one of the most common fractures in adults encountered in orthopedics, posing a great deal of risk to patients’ life. Hip fractures include subtrochanteric, intertrochanteric, and femoral neck fractures. The proximal femur’s geometry has drawn more attention recently in relation to the etiology of hip fractures. Higher femoral neck-shaft angles (FNSAs) have been implicated in a predisposition to hip fractures.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study conducted at a tertiary care center in western part of India. Two groups of 50 individuals each created, matched for age range and gender, one control and the other with unilateral hip fracture.
Results: On conducting a binary logistic regression with absence or presence of fracture being the dependent variable and FNSA being covariate, an Odd’s ratio of >1 identified, indicating the likelihood of higher FNSA values seen in fracture group than in control group. P value also found to be <0.05 hence significant. No significant difference was noted between the FNSA of males and female patients in fracture group. FNSA was higher in fracture group than in control group, mean FNSA 136.8 and 132.3°, respectively. We have noted an increased risk of hip fractures in patients with higher FNSA matched with their age and gender. This is confirmative of the findings noted in previous studies.
Conclusion: Hip fracture risk appears to be increased in those with higher FNSA. Although the precise cutoff value is yet unknown, this link could serve as the foundation for prevention in individuals whose values are high – that is, >136° – according to this study. Further, evaluation is needed for conclusive understanding of their relationship.
Keywords: Femur neck shaft angle, Hip fractures, Relative risk.
Patellar Resurfacing vs. Non-resurfacing in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Review of Pain and Function
Authors:   Department of Arthroplasty and Arthroscopy, Apollo Hospital Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Sonkusale Aashay , Phadnis Ashish ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Jupiter Hospital, Thane, Maharashtra, India.
Published: December 2024

Patella resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty has always been a topic of debate among the orthopedic surgeons around the world since its introduction in 1975 by Insall-Burstein. The results of current technique of PR has the promise lesser re-operations rates and cost-effectiveness in the long run, it is not albeit complications such as fracture, overstuffing of the patellofemoral joint, and maltracking of patella. Recent patella-friendly implants such as single radius anatomic femoral component and medial pivot knee have better patellar kinematic profiles with a deeper trochlear groove, a lateralized trochlear axis in the sagittal plane improving patellar contact force distribution. This has reduced the incidence of anterior knee pain following TKA, although there are other causes which have to be borne in mind when dealing with post-TKA AKP. Non-resurfacing of patella although claim to have similar patient-related outcome measures in the long run, lower patient satisfaction, and anterior knee pain have been deterrents to its absolute acceptance. Other methods such as cautery denervation (CD) and patelloplasty also boast functional outcomes similar to resurfacing with the advantages of being time effectivity, easy, and safe. There is considerable non-uniformity with these non-resurfacing techniques, depending on the surgeon’s preference and training. Selective resurfacing in “at-risk patellae” identified by pre- and intra-operative characteristics is increasing gaining popularity. We undertake a narrative review of the resurfacing of the patella focusing on anterior knee pain and functional outcomes.
Keywords: Patellar resurfacing, non-resurfacing, selective re-surfaces, anterior knee pain, knee society score.
Study of Functional Outcome of Intra-articular Proximal Third Tibia Fractures Treated with Locking Compression Plate
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, K B Bhabha Municipal General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Asif Adnan , Yadav Saurabh Harikant ,   Department of Orthopaedics, K B Bhabha Municipal General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Gokula Kumar P ,   Department of Orthopaedics, K B Bhabha Municipal General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Bhajandas Pawar Bhushan Kumar ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Hospital and Rajiv Gandhi Medical College, Thane, Maharashtra, India,, Jain Atul ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Swami Dayanand Hospital, New Delhi, India, Panchal Lalit C ,   Department of Orthopaedics, K B Bhabha Municipal General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,
Published: December 2024

Background: The study aimed to provide an estimate of the functional outcome following the use of locking compression plate (LCP) in the management of intra-articular proximal third tibia fractures. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out on 30 intra-articular proximal third tibia fractures which were operated with LCP fixation between August 2020 and July 2021. Primary outcome measurement was carried out using Rasmussen’s functional knee grading criteria. Results: Functional outcome assessed by Rasmussen’s functional knee grading criteria showed Excellent results in 16/30 (53.33%) of patients, good result in 9/30 (30%) of patients (overall 83.33% acceptable results), and fair in 4/30 (13.33%) and poor result in 1/30 (3.33%) of patients. Post-operative complications occurred in eight out of 30 of our patients (26.67%). Open reduction and internal fixation was more commonly used (76.67%) as compared to minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (23.33%). We commonly applied a combined principle of fixation (bridging + compression) across 46.67% of our fracture fixations. Primary surgical approach used was almost equal across our study between medial/posteromedial (53.33%) and anterolateral (46.67%).
Conclusion: We conclude that the LCP system with its various type of fixation act as a good biological fixation including difficult fracture situations. However, this also involves the risk that may occur unless properly planned preoperatively and follow guided principles intraoperatively.
Keywords: Proximal tibia, locking compression plate, Rasmussen functional knee grading criteria.
Evaluation of Functional and Radiological Outcome of Total Knee Replacement Surgery in Obese V/S Non-obese Patients
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jupiter Hospital Thane, Maharashtra, India,, Phadnis Ashish S , Ranjalkar Saurabh S ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, HBT Trauma Hospital, Jogeshwari (E), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Kumar Vijay ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ESIC hospital and Dental College, Rohini West, Delhi, India,, Sangare Prathamesh ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, HBT Trauma Hospital, Jogeshwari (E), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Gabhe Shashank ,   Dr Gabhe’s Bones and Joints Clinic, Thane, Maharashtra, India
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Primary total knee replacement (TKR) is one of the most commonly performed orthopedic procedures. With the increasing prevalence of obesity and advancing age of the population, it is imperative to know whether the obese patients have inferior or equivalent outcomes as opposed to non-obese patients. Hence, this study was planned to learn the functional and radiological outcomes of TKR surgery in obese and non-obese patients.
Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study included 64 adult patients 32 obese (body mass index [BMI] >30) and 32 non-obese (BMI <30) operated for TKR surgery. Functional outcome was assessed by patient-reported outcome measures using Oxford knee score (OKS) and short form-12 (SF-12) quality of life questionnaires at 6 weeks postoperatively. Radiological outcomes were assessed using pre- and post-operative radiograph and bilateral lower limb scanogram.
Results: On comparing the mean hospital stay, that of obese patients was 8.16 days and that of non-obese patients was 6.72 days (significant). The OKS improved from 14.19 to 37.44 in the obese group and from 14.75 to 38.59 in non-obese group. In obese patients, the physical component of SF-12 score improved from 23.92 to 53.6 postoperatively, and that in non-obese patients went from 27.29 to 53.08. The mean mental component of SF-12 score improved from 48.59 to 56.37 postoperatively in obese patients, in non-obese patients it improved from 53.02 to 57.94 postoperatively (significant). Hip-knee-ankle axis in obese patients on the right side improved from 171.18° to 176.82° (significant), left side from 171.31° to 176.71° whereas in non-obese patients right side from 171.89° to 176.94°, left side from 171.82° to 176.66°. Comorbidities were seen more in obese patients (diabetes 21 of 32 cases, hypertension 17 of 32 cases) than in non-obese patients (diabetes 12 of 32 cases, hypertension 16 of 32 cases). Superficial surgical site infection (SSI) in about 3 of 32 obese patients, whereas no SSI was found in non-obese patients.
Conclusion: The present study assesses the patients’ perception of their outcomes which are important in clinical decision-making. There was no significant difference found in patient perceived parameters, functional and radiological outcomes at end of 6 months following TKR surgery in both obese and non-obese patients.
Keywords: Total knee replacement, body mass index, obese.
A Novel Approach to Medial Malleolus Fracture of Ankle using Adjustable Loop Suspensory Fixation
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Deore Sandeep , Kale Sachin ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Shetty Sunil ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Chalak Ajit ,   Department of Orthopaedics, MGM Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Jayaram Rohan ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Patir Roonam ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,
Published: December 2024

Medial malleolar fractures are traditionally treated by orthopaedic surgeons using cancellous screws, plates, and tension banding with stainless steel wires. However, a considerable proportion of these patients eventually require revision surgery or implant removal due to complications such as wire migration, impingement, breakage, and infection. Revision surgeries for previously operated malleolar fractures pose challenges due to dilated bone tracks and osteopenia which complicate securing the mechanical hold of the implant. A potential solution to mitigating these factors could be the use of high strength polyethylene suture material such as fibre-wire to fix the fracture fragments which are held in place by a cortical button on either side. This study aims to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes in a patient with medial malleolus fracture fixed by fibre-wire fixation as an alternative modality of treatment.
Keywords: Medial malleolar fractures, tension band principle, stainless steel wire, implant breakage, revision surgery, suspensory fixation using fiber-wire, magnetic resonance imaging compatible construct.
State and territory immunization program activities and their association with human papillomavirus vaccine initiation in the United States of America: A multilevel approach
Authors: Colón-López Vivian , Muñoz-Torres Francisco J. , Escabí Wojna Erika , Vega Jimenez Idamaris , Díaz Miranda Olga L. , Medina-Laabes Diana T. , Wells Katelyn , Ortiz Ana P. , Hull Pamela C. , Suárez Erick
Published: December 2024

This study evaluates the association between immunization program (IP) activities aimed at increasing HPV vaccination among adolescents and their impact on initiation rates. Our data sources are: (i) 2016 AIM Annual Survey and (ii) 2019 National Immunization Survey–Teen. We estimated the prevalence of HPV vaccine initiation using a multilevel Poisson model, combining state-level IP data and individual characteristics of adolescents. We calculated the prevalence ratio (PR) of HPV initiation among adolescents to compare the effects of IP activities, adjusting for state of residence, age, sex, maternal education, and ethnicity. A total of 17,390 teens aged 13 and 17 were evaluated. States with publicly available school-based adolescent coverage rates and/or exemptions (PRw, activity Dadjusted: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.14), and those that expanded the number of pharmacies entering HPV vaccination data (PRw, activity Nadjusted; 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.10) in Immunization Information Systems (IIS), had higher HPV vaccine initiation rates compared to states that did not implement these strategies. When stratifying, these findings were present in the younger group (13–15 years, PRw, activity D adjusted: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.18; PRw. activity N adjusted: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.16), but not in the older group (16–17 years, PRw, activity D adjusted: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.15; PRw. activity N adjusted: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.06). States that expanded the number of school-located programs entering HPV vaccine records in IIS (PRw, activity Eadjusted: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.15) had higher vaccine initiation prevalence in the younger group but not in the older group. Limitations include a lack of operational definitions for IP activities, potential biases in the NIS-Teen survey, and reliance on provider-reported HPV vaccination. Nonetheless, these results highlight immunization activities that support national efforts to increase HPV vaccine uptake and inform public health programs on effective HPV vaccine promotion.
Development and evaluation of a digital behavioral economics game towards improved understanding of groundwater conservation in southern Colorado
Authors: Demaree Kat , Kurli Varnitha , Magnuszewski Piotr , Andersson Krister , Thomas Evan
Published: December 2024

The earliest and often most significant impacts of climate change in the American West is on water resources. For communities reliant on irrigated agriculture, ensuring water security in the face of climate change can be critical to the preservation of local economies and understanding water management practices can support climate resilience. Research techniques such as behavioral games can be used to study how incentives and interventions influence community behaviors toward water conservation practices. This work explores the development and evaluation of a digital behavioral economic game using data from the San Luis Valley in order to improve understanding of how groundwater is consumed and conserved within agricultural communities in Colorado beyond traditional study techniques. In 2023, stakeholders were recruited to play and validate the game as a tool for understanding groundwater conservation practices and discuss the advantages of this study mechanism compared to standard methods such as surveys that do not account for dynamic and interactive decision-making. Results showed that financial incentives significantly influenced participants’ crop choices and water use patterns, while demonstrating the impact of data transparency and revealing the development of collaborative behaviors. Qualitative assessments provided insights into real-world challenges, including state pressure to restore aquifer levels and threats to the local economy’s reliance on irrigated agriculture. Discussions emphasized the need for improved water conservation education and more effective subsidy approaches for agricultural practices. The study tool will help policy makers explore and pilot new institutional innovations to prevent overexploitation of natural renewable resources and can be used to inform and empower communities to actively engage in collaborative problem-solving processes leading to improved community water conservation efforts.
Corporeal topographies: Body-oriented art of Mona Hatoum and Amal Kenawy
Authors: Kayır Oğuz
Published: December 2024

This article takes a closer look at a selection of body-oriented art practices by two artists – Mona Hatoum and Amal Kenawy – to unearth how women artists render female corporeality as a topographical map. Interdisciplinary in nature, these artists’ earlier practices explore corporeality to underscore how their gender, far from being a static phenomenon, is in fact a series of processes that are co-constituted via a multitude of material, sociopolitical or geographical contexts. Drawing upon Elizabeth Grosz’s theory of corporeal feminism, along with her reiterations of Deleuze and Guattari’s ‘Body without Organs’, I argue that these two artists delineate their own and other women’s bodies as corporeal topographies that encapsulate the fluid carnality or porous surfaces of the female body. Moving beyond representational paradigms that approach female bodies as fixed constructs, this article foregrounds the ontologically fluid and non-representational nature of corporeal feminism to understand how these women conceptualize the female body as an open-ended composition that always remains in ceaseless flux.
The Recent, Eglė Budvytytė, Helen Cammock, Dorothy Cross, Regina de Miguel, Mikala Dwyer, Nicholas Mangan, Angelica Mesiti, Otobong Nkanga, Katie Paterson, Micol Roubini and Simon Starling, curated by Tessa Giblin, Talbot Rice Gallery, Edinburgh, 28 October 2023–17 February 2024
Authors: Walsh Maria
Published: December 2024

Review of: The Recent, Eglė Budvytytė, Helen Cammock, Dorothy Cross, Regina de Miguel, Mikala Dwyer, Nicholas Mangan, Angelica Mesiti, Otobong Nkanga, Katie Paterson, Micol Roubini and Simon Starling, curated by Tessa Giblin, Talbot Rice Gallery, Edinburgh, 28 October 2023–17 February 2024
Signals: How Video Transformed the World, curated by Stuart Comer and Michelle Kuo, Museum of Modern Art, New York City, 5 March–8 July 2023
Authors: Fleming Bridget
Published: December 2024

Review of: Signals: How Video Transformed the World, curated by Stuart Comer and Michelle Kuo, Museum of Modern Art, New York City, 5 March–8 July 2023
Design and Synthesis of Quinazoline Bearing Thiazolotriazole Scaffolds as Potent EGFR Inhibitor for Anti-Breast Cancer Activity
Authors: Farveen MD , Sreelatha G. , Begum Alia
Published: December 2024

A number of fused heterocyclic hybrids with central rings of thiazolotriazoles are synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and EI-MS techniques. The synthesized compounds showed variable degrees of efficacy in their in vitro cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-10A cell lines. Remarkably some analogues exhibited greater activity than the reference drugs, erlotinib. The most effective compounds, 6i, 6h and 6j, displayed significant EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition and significant cytotoxicity, in accordance with the molecular docking investigations that revealed favourable binding contacts and energies inside the EGFR active region.
Facile Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via LED Light Induced Reaction between 2-Aminopyridines and Acetophenones
Authors: Nadaf Ankusab Noorahmadsab , Shivashankar Kalegowda
Published: December 2024

Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines are class of privileged motifs present in various important drugs. The majority of the processes involve metal catalysts, despite the fact that there are substantial benefits to develop new methodologies for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. In this work, an eco-friendly method is reported for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines in the presence of LED light source under ambient conditions. The reaction proceeds smoothly with both electron donating and electron withdrawing groups to afford the products in excellent yields.
Catalyst-Free Synthesis, in vitro Biological Evaluation and in silico Molecular Docking Studies on a Series of Tosylurea-linked Heterocyclic Analogues as a-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Seelan Sivakami Jaya , Tharmalingam Danussha , Suresh Varshutha , Yi Vivi Ng Wei , Xin Yap Rou , Avupati Vasudeva Rao
Published: December 2024

Insulin resistance, caused by hyperglycemia, the leading cause of the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes. According to recent WHO statistics, 422 million people worldwide suffer from diabetes. α-Glucosidase inhibitors are effective in improving the metabolic profile of patients with type 2 diabetes. The introduction of green chemistry into chemical society has led to the rapid establishment of organic synthesis without catalyst. Hence, a series of tosylurea-linked heterocyclic analogues C1-C9 were synthesized in catalyst-free conditions and their physical (state, colour, melting point) and spectral (FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and ESI-HRMS) properties were determined. All compounds were studied in silico and in vitro experiments to assess their bioactive potential as α-glucosidase inhibitors. The in silico molecular docking studies were conducted using Schrödinger Glide software against human α-glucosidase enzyme target (PBD: 3L4W) to identify the virtual binding profile of compounds C1-C9, respectively in relative comparison to the co-crystallized clinically approved α-glucosidase inhibitor. The in vitro α-glucosidase screening assay was performed to identify the hit molecule among C1-C9, the results were compared with a standard drug, voglibose. The observed in silico and in vitro results were consistent and relatively comparable that identified C7 as bioactive hit that demonstrated most stable binding properties at the target site. The observed activity of C7 is primarily due to the synergistic or addition potential of the pharmacophores pyridine and sulfonylurea hybridized into one molecule. The structural analogues of these pharmacophores were earlier proven with potential α-glucosidase inhibitory properties.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Activities of Thiazolyl-pyrazole-bis-coumarins
Authors: Aiyappa K. Prakruthi , Lohith Nisha Chiriapanda , Kumar Kadavina Hosahalli Basavaraj Chethan , Basavaraju Yeriyur B.
Published: December 2024

In this study, we report the synthesis of thiazolyl-pyrazole-biscoumarins employing hydrochloric acid as an effective catalyst. The synthesized derivatives were subjected to biological evaluation for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The results indicate that the oxygen containing heterocycles among the synthesized compounds exhibited notable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties while sulfur containing heterocycles demonstrated promising antimicrobial efficacy. This work highlights the potential of these thiazolyl-pyrazole-biscoumarin derivatives as multifunctional agents in therapeutic applications.
Microscopic Analysis of Cathinone Derivative 4-Fluoromethcathinone Hydrochloride using Density Functional Theory and its Mechanism of Interaction with Biogenic Amine Neurotransmitter
Authors: Tyagi Akansha , Kohli Navneeta , Rani Varsha , Kumar Anuj
Published: December 2024

Synthetic cathinones, a new psychoactive substance more commonly known as bath salts, are designer drugs that pose a considerable challenge for prevention and treatment. A large number of such cathinone derivatives have been synthesized recently and the market is flooded with such synthetic psychoactive cathinone derivatives. Considering the possibility for misuse and adverse impacts on human health, it is crucial to collect analytical data on the newly synthesized cathinone derivatives available in the market. Therefore, it is essential to understand the most accurate identification of these substances and to establish a more efficacious therapy mechanism. Herein, a cathinone derivative 4-fluoromethcathinone hydrochloride (FMPHC) has been investigated using density functional theory (DFT). Systematic theoretical analysis for the optimized geometry, FT-Raman, FT-IR spectra and molecular reactivity descriptors such as HOMO-LUMO and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) of this cathinone derivative is reported. The intra- and inter-molecular interactions of FMPHC crystal were analyzed using NBO analysis and Hirshfeld surface analysis, respectively. In silico molecular docking between the FMPHC ligand and a biogenic amine neurotransmitter, the norepinephrine transporter (hNET) responsible for alertness, arousal, and pain sensation is conducted to understand the mechanism of interaction of the norepinephrine transporter (hNET) with FMPHC.
Tinjauan Pustaka Sistematis: Tantangan Dan Faktor-Faktor Pengembangan Kesiapan Forensik Digital
Authors: Rochmadi Tri , Fadlil Abdul , Riadi Imam
Published: December 2024

Teknologi informasi telah mengubah hampir segala lini kehidupan dari konvensional ke digitalisasi. Digitalisasi yang begitu cepat, menimbulkan permasalahan pada serangan siber yang belum diimbangi oleh penanganan insiden siber. Kesiapan forensik digital menjadi hal penting bagi organisasi agar proses penanganan insiden lebih efektif dan efisien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor dan tantangan terkait topik kesiapan digital forensik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode tinjauan pustaka sistematis. Hasil yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini memberikan informasi jurnal yang paling banyak mempublikasikan topik kesiapan forensik digital, obyek penelitian, metode yang digunakan, standarisasi yang diintegrasikan, faktor-faktor dan tantangan dalam pengembangan kesiapan forensik digital. Penelitian ini bisa menjadi rujukan peneliti akademisi ataupun praktisi pada bidang forensik digital ataupun pengembang aplikasi.
Kata kunci: tinjauan pustaka sistematis, kesiapan forensik digital, ISO/IEC 27043, COBIT.
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Abstract
Information technology has changed almost all lines of life from conventional to digitalization. Rapid digitalization has led to problems with cyber-attacks that the handling of cyber incidents has not matched. Digital forensic readiness is important for organizations to make the incident-handling process more effective and efficient. The purpose of this research is to identify factors and challenges related to the topic of digital forensic readiness. The method used in this research is a systematic literature review. The results obtained in this study provide information on the journals that publish the most digital forensic readiness topics, research objects, methods used, standardization integrated, factors, and challenges in developing digital forensic readiness. This research can be a reference for academic researchers or practitioners in digital forensics or application developers.
Keywords: systematic literatur review, digital forensic readiness, ISO/IEC 27043, COBIT.
Optimizing ICMS Strategies for E-Commerce in Brazil: Tax Benefits and Profitability Insight
Authors: Almeida Luís Fernando Correia e , Lima Milena Moscardini Nabelice Guasti
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to analyze the ICMS in the interstate operations of e-commerce companies, targeting non-taxpayers. The objective was to identify more economically advantageous strategies that would remain compliant with the tax legislation. The economic implications are evident in the use of tax benefits by various states, seeking to attract large companies to their jurisdictions through these incentives. A case study was conducted at a medium-sized company that has experienced significant growth in recent years, driven by both operational expansion and the rise of e-commerce on digital platforms. To carry out this case study, information from the company's tax documents was used, including verification of files and tax ledgers, and calculation of taxes and other reports relevant to the study. The analysis revealed that ICMS has a significant effect on the company's operations, necessitating the implementation of strategies to efficiently and legally reduce the tax burden. To implement these strategies, this study analyzed the tax benefits offered by specific states within the federation to this particular industry segment. By comparing these benefits to the company's operational values, opportunities to reduce the tax burden and increase profitability can be identified. The study demonstrated the potential for substantial cost savings by considering the company's location as the primary focus. These savings could range from 41.9% to 72.5%.
Evaluation of IT Governance at Islamic Boarding Schools in the Special Region of Yogyakarta based on the COBIT 5 Framework
Authors: Mardlian M. Sa’id Abdurrohman Kunta , Nuruzzaman Muhammad Taufiq , 'Uyun Shofwatul , Sugiantoro Bambang
Published: December 2024

Nowdays,  almost all aspects of company operations are supported by information technology systems.  Many pesantren have utilized information technology in supporting operational activities such as: using computers, accessing the internet, having a website, and managing information technology systems. The purpose of this study is to implement the COBIT 5 framework in the DSS (Deliver, Service, Support) domain in evaluating information technology governance and calculate the capability level value and gap analysis at Islamic Boarding Schools. The results of the Capability Level Analysis in the COBIT 5 DSS Domain obtained from 42 Islamic Boarding Schools showed that DSS01, DSS02, and DSS03 on average were at level 2, DSS04, DSS05, DSS06 on average at level 1. The results of the Gap Analysis in the COBIT 5 DSS Domain show that in DSS01, DSS02, and DSS03 the average GAP is 3, in DSS04, DSS05, and DSS06 the average GAP is 4. The result shows that Information Technology Governance in Islamic Boarding Schools in the Special Region of Yogyakarta based on an assessment with the COBIT 5 Framework is still low status and needs to be improved, as evidenced by the low Capability Level Value and the high GAP Value.
Optimisation of Residual Network Using Data Augmentation and Ensemble Deep Learning for Butterfly Image Classification
Authors: Diniati Ruaika  , Shofwatul Uyun
Published: December 2024

Image classification is a fundamental task in vision recognition that aims to understand and categorize an image under a specific label. Image classification needs to produce a quick, economical, and reliable result. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have proven effective for image analysis. However, problems arise due to factors such as the model’s quality, unbalanced training data, overfitting, and layers’ complexity. ResNet50 is a transfer learning-based convolutional neural network model frequently used in many areas, including Lepidopterology. Studies have shown that ResNet50 performs with lower accuracy than other models for classifying butterflies. Therefore, this study aims to optimise the accuracy of ResNet50 using an augmentation approach and ensemble deep learning for butterfly image classification. This study used a public dataset of butterflies from Kaggle. The dataset contains 75 different butterfly species, 9.285 training images, 375 testing images, and 375 validation images. A sequence of transformation functions was applied. The ensemble deep learning was constructed by incorporating ResNet50 with CNN. To measure ResNet50 optimisation, the experimental results of the original dataset and the proposed methods were compared and analysed using evaluation metrics. The research revealed that the proposed method provided better performance with an accuracy of 95%.
Sentiment Analysis of TIMNAS Indonesia's Participation in the Asian Cup U23 2024 on X Using Naive Bayes and SVM
Authors: Fathurrohman Sewin , Afandi Irfan Ricky , Hasan Firman Noor
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the sentiment of the Indonesian public regarding the participation of the Indonesian National Team in the 2024 U-23 Asian Cup through the social media platform X. Sentiment analysis is crucial for understanding public perception and its impact on support for the national team. The research methodology involves collecting user comments on X related to the team's performance during the tournament, followed by data cleaning. The dataset is manually labeled, with 80% used as training data for algorithmic model training and the remaining 20% as test data, classified using Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machine algorithms. The analysis results indicate that the SVM algorithm achieves a higher % accuracy rate of 95% compared to Naive Bayes, which achieves 87%. The majority of the 3367 opinions analyzed express positive or satisfactory sentiments towards the national team's participation. However, there are fewer negative sentiments, highlighting areas requiring team management's attention. This study provides valuable insights into public perception of the Indonesian National Team. Furthermore, these findings can inform policymakers and team managers' decision-making to enhance the team's quality and performance in the future.
Development of Geographic Information Systems in Mapping Village-Owned Enterprises in Sleman Regency
Authors: Ramadhan Imam , Arfiani Ika
Published: December 2024

The population increase in the Special Region of Yogyakarta poses challenges, including developing Village-owned Enterprises or BUM Desa in Sleman Regency to enhance rural community welfare. BUM Desa data management currently relies on manual spreadsheets and lacks a dynamic data storage system, hindering access to accurate information. This study employed the Scrum methodology, gathering data through literature reviews, interviews, and observations to assess the current state of BUM Desa. A product backlog guided the development of a web-based GIS application through sprint planning, resulting in an application that maps BUM Desa locations in the Sleman Regency based on coordinates and provides detailed development classifications. This application enhances data management and decision-making for BUM Desa development, simplifies government data management, and improves public access to BUM Desa locations. Black box testing confirmed its functionality, with 100% validity. End-user computing Satisfaction (EUCS) surveys indicated high user satisfaction, emphasizing the application's usability and alignment with user expectations in providing accurate and accessible BUM Desa information.
Development of the Is-Me Board Game to Instill Religious Values and Love for Malay Culture in Children Aged 4-6 Years
Authors: Lina Eka Retnaningsih  , Mahfuzah Saniah  , Hany Faizah
Published: December 2024

Early childhood is referred to as the golden age, which is in the foundational phase. In this era, the prevalence of online games that children can play for long periods has many negative impacts on their development. Currently, there is a lack of educational play tools that encourage children to engage in activities, develop Islamic values, and foster a love for Malay culture. The purpose of this research is to develop the Is-Me board game with themes of Islam and Malay culture so that it can be used to instill religious values and a love for Malay culture in children aged 4-6 years. This study uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Dissemination). The validity level from material experts reached 90%, while media experts reached 91%. The research results show that the Is-Me board game media developed using the 4D model can be considered feasible for use, as confirmed by the validity test involving material and media experts, and it has been trialed for the use of the media.
Modelling and Estimation of Regional Consumption Functions: A Case for the Russian Far East
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Isaev Artyom
Published: December 2024

This paper estimates regional consumption functions based on the error correction model on the basis of the 2000–2002 data on real disposable income and consumption expenditures for 11 regions of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia. The work reveals the existence of short-term and long-term relationships between the dynamics of income and consumption of the population, which are important for the generation of multiplicative effects in the economies of the corresponding regions. It is found that 7 regions of the Russian Federation (the Republic of Buryatia, Zabaykalsky Krai, Primorsky and Khabarovsk Krais, Amur and Sakhalin Oblasts, as well as the Jewish Autonomous Oblast) are characterized by the presence of both statistically significant short-term relationships between changes in income and changes in consumption, and long-term equilibrium ratios between income and consumption. The indicators of short-term marginal propensities to consume, which are the basis of regional multipliers of autonomous expenditures, have been calculated. For the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) the data reveals a statistically significant short-term relationship between income and consumption in the absence of a long-term relationship between the indicators. For Kamchatka Krai, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the absence of both short-term and long-term interrelations between income and consumption was confirmed, and, consequently, the absence of potential for generation of other multiplier effects in the economy, except for those due to purely inter-sectoral relations
Reduction of Russia’s Energy Exports: Spatial Distribution of Economic Effects
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Dzhurka Natalya ,   Institute of Economics RAS, Dyomina Olga ,   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS
Published: December 2024

This paper is devoted to the assessment of the size and spatial distribution of economic effects caused by the introduction of sanctions on the export of Russian fuel and energy resources. Leontief’s intra-national balance model with a transparent system of assumptions and relatively low requirements for information support is used in the calculations. The factors of changes in the demand for Russian energy resources in the world markets in the perspective up to 2030 have been analyzed. The paper estimates the reaction of the Russian regional economies in the last year of the forecast period (2030) to a number of successive export restrictions of different nature - from compromise (when the terms of trade remain relatively favorable and the reduction of supplies in the western direction is largely compensated by the activation of supplies in the eastern direction) to extreme/radical (when the practice of trade barriers and sanctions is actively applied, blocking the potential for market maneuvers). It is shown that the spatial distribution of losses from export restrictions is uneven and depends significantly on the geography of new markets for fuel and energy resources. From the point of view of leveling the adverse effects of export restrictions, the following directions of structural transformation of the Russian fuel and energy complex that are currently under active discussion are evaluated: 1) development of the electricity system, 2) creation of new LNG production facilities, 3) modernization of oil refineries and 4) development of oil and gas chemistry. It is concluded that the available proposals allow to compensate for the losses of the national economy arising due to export restrictions, but in general do not change the inertial direction of its dynamics
Nano-technology as an eco-friendly approach in agriculture
Authors: Roy Barnali , Pal Amit Kumar
Published: December 2024

Global food security is now the most challenging issue due to the limited natural resources, low productivity of food crops in the agricultural sector, rapid climate changes and huge population growth. Researchers are trying to adopt newer innovations and technologies to increase the production of food crops to meet the demand. Nanotechnology is one of the most challenging technologies that could enhance the productivity of crops in sustainable agriculture, giving importance to nano-fertilizers, nano-pesticides, nano-biosensors and nano-material-based remediation strategies. The physical and chemical processes to produce nanoparticles (NP) have a detrimental effect on the ecosystem. Thus, green synthesis of NPs using various microorganisms offers a more promising and sustainable alternative. Nanotechnology is very promising as it has many potential benefits like improvement of food quality, minimization of agricultural inputs and enrichment of plants by absorbing nutrients from the soil. Nanoparticles can be used as nanofertilizers, distinct agrochemical carriers and site-targeted or regulated nutrition delivery with improved crop protection. The potential of nanomaterials offers a new green revolution in sustainable agriculture.
Lighting design affects the uniformity and growth of plants in a vertical farming system
Authors: Jang Seong-Nam , Kang Min-Ji , Sim Han-Sol , Lee Ga-Oun , Kim Ye-Lin , Cho Du Yong , Jung Jea Gack , Kim Min Ju , Jeong Jong Bin , Park Youngsam , Kim Sorae , Cho Kye Man , Lee Hee Yul , Kim Elio Jin-Ha , Son Ki-Ho
Published: December 2024

Light is essential for plant production and has various effects on plant quality. Vertical farms typically use light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as light sources. However, the cost of LEDs varies with wattage and the initial installation costs are generally high. Therefore, to explore more cost-effective LED designs, we aimed to investigate the impact of red LED chips density on light distribution and plant growth under the same total electricity consumption. To this end, we exposed baby leaf soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.; 5 days) and kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala; 18 days) to LEDs light with different arrangements of red and white chips. Plants were exposed to either 2 W chips with a red: white ratio of 4: 64 (2W4R treatment) or 1 W chips with a red: white ratio of 8: 64 (1W8R treatment) across the entire LED bar. We observed that the distribution of red light in the cultivation room differed depending on the density of the red LED chips. We found that arranging low-power red LED chips at narrow intervals resulted in uniform light distribution across the entire cultivation bed, positively affecting crop growth. Baby leaf soybean and kale exhibited uniform growth under 1W8R and growth was particularly enhanced in kale. This may be because of the dense leaf structure of kale, which promotes photosynthesis under a uniform light environment. The results of this study demonstrate that a favorable light environment can be created by altering the position and distribution of red LED chips, thereby inducing uniform growth in plants.