bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical Investigation of the Boundary Value Problems for the Generalized Conformable Fractional Diffusion Equations in One Dimension
Authors: Doma S. B. , Gohar A. A. , Younes M. S.
Published: February 2023

In this work, we extend the scope of a recently proposed conformable fractional derivative known as the "generalized fractional derivative" (GFD) to include the one-dimensional fractional linear diffusion equations (heat and wave equations). Their corresponding boundary value problems are solved analytically by means of the separation of variables and Fourier analysis. The obtained solutions are represented graphically to investigate their behavior and accuracy.
Evaluation of some hemicellulosic materials as an excipient for extended-release tablets
Authors: Waqar Irva , Massey Shazma , Iram Fozia , Iqbal Mohammad S. , Khan Abdul H , Ahmad Naveed
Published: February 2023

Cellulose-based excipients are widely used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. Although they are biocompatible, yet they are not digestible by human body due to absence of cellulase enzymes. Therefore, hemicelluloses were considered to be more suitable materials for development of such excipients. This work evaluates hemicelluloses isolated from Plantago ovata husk, Plantago ovata seeds, Lallemantia royleana, Occimum baccilium, Mimosa pudica, Salvia plebian, Acacia nilotica, Acacia modesta, Astraglus tragacantha and Cydonia oblonga as binders, targeted delivery and extended-release excipients for pharmaceutical tablets, using acetaminophen as a model drug. The tablets formulated through wet granulation method by using hemicelluloses from Acacia nilotica, Acacia modesta, Lallemantia royleana, Occimum baccilium, Plantago ovata husk afforded 6-7 kg cm-2 hardness with 15-25 min disintegration time at pH 6.8. Others exhibited significantly lower values. Whereas, the tablets prepared by direct compression came out with poor hardness values. The longer disintegration time in case of wet granulated tablet rendered them to release acetaminophen over an extended period of time. The tablet appears to be least affected in the stomach because of the insolubility of the hemicelluloses in highly acidic medium.
The tablets from wet granulation method released 45-92% paracetamol for about 7 h following non-Fickian mechanism.
scCircle-seq unveils the diversity and complexity of circular DNAs in single cells
Authors: Chen Jinxin Phaedo , Bouwman Britta , Wu Honggui , Chen Chong , Bienko Magda , Crosetto Nicola
Published: February 2023

We describe scCircle-seq, a method for genomically profiling extrachromosomal circular DNAs (circDNAs) in single cells. We implemented and validated scCircle-seq in normal and cancer cell lines, demonstrating that most circDNA species vary between cells and are stochastically inherited during cell division, although their genomic landscape is cell type-specific and can be used to accurately cluster cells of the same origin. circDNAs are preferentially produced from chromatin regions enriched in H3K9me3 histone mark and are induced during replication stress conditions. Concomitant sequencing of circDNA and RNA from the same cell uncovered the absence of correlation between circDNA copy number and gene expression levels, except for few oncogenes contained within large circDNAs in colorectal cancer cells, including MYC. scCircle-seq can be used to dissect the complexity of circDNAs across different cell types and further expands the potential of circDNAs for cancer diagnostics.
Probabilistic Activation Hypothesis of Neural Dendrites and Virtual Verification with Computer Neural Networks
Authors: Fang Yue , Zhang Shizhuo , Liu Qiong , Liu Wei
Published: February 2023

The existing computer neural network has relatively poor fault tolerance under the condition of internal dendritic inactivation, that is, when some neurons die or neuronal dendrites are inactivated, the function of the neural network will change greatly. We consider that the reason is the design of computer neural networks is too simple to recognize neuronal dendritic activation patterns. Therefore, we propose a Probabilistic activation pattern hypothesis of biological neuron dendrites. The hypothesis holds that if the dendrites of the neurons constituting the neural network are inactivated under a certain probability, the fault tolerance of the neural network to its internal dendrite inactivation can be significantly increased. Under this assumption, this paper designs typical computer neural network (such as classification network) experiments to verify the proposed hypothesis. In the control experiment, it is found that in the robustness test which contains a half of parameters' perturbation, the accuracy of Top1 and Top5 of the proposed method is 30.7% and 43.0% higher than that of the widely used Dropout method of half neurons death, and 7.5% and 1.6% higher than that of the method with full neurons activation. From the above experimental results, we can speculate that the brain dendrites of some animals may conform to the Probabilistic working mode.
Enhanced neuronic differentiation of neural stem cells by SHH gene-engineered EMSCs co-culture in vitro
Authors: Bi Shiqi , Sun Taicun , Liu Yongming , Zhang Jun , Cui Xuewen , Yu Qingtong
Published: February 2023

Spinal cord injury is a severe central nervous system disease. Neural crest-derived ectoderm mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) have become an important tool in treating SCI owing to their excellent neuronal differentiation efficiency and promising paracrine effects. Sonic hedgehog (shh) was proven to promote both the proliferation and chemotaxis of NSCs and induce their differentiation into mature neurons and the formation of synapses. In this study, we examined the neuronal differentiation induced by SHH-engineered EMSCs in a co-culture system. The levels of the neuronal markers, tubulin beta 3 class III and growth-associated protein 43, were higher in NSCs in the SHH-EMSC co-culture group, and those of the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were lower, compared with the mono and EMSCs-NSCs groups The expression of GAP43, GFAP, MBP, and NF200 was also confirmed by western blot analysis. Most importantly, the upregulation of con43, con47, smoothen, and integrin might reveal the construction of the gap junction during the overexpression of SHH in EMSCs. Overall, our findings indicate that SHH-EMSCs might facilitate the neuronal differentiation of NSCs via the gap junction formation.
The Preparatory Process of the 2023 Mw 7.8 Turkey Earthquake
Authors: Picozzi Matteo , Iaccarino Antonio
Published: February 2023

On 9 February 2023, Southern Turkey was struck by a magnitude 7.8 earthquake. Especially during major events, seismologists are confronted with the inability to predict earthquakes. Indeed, how, when, and where large earthquakes are generated remain fundamental unsolved scientific questions. We analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of thousands of small magnitude earthquakes for the two years that preceded the mainshock. We find that patterns in seismic spatial distribution and energy released per event are clues of a ten-month lasting preparatory process. Our results suggest the existence of a progressive localization of seismic events and stress over a large area of the fault segment which released the higher slip during the earthquake. When the mainshock has nucleated, it might have found the unfortunate best conditions to grow. Intercepting when a fault system starts deviating from its steady behavior might be the key for identifying the preparatory phase of large earthquakes.
Goldbach Conjecture Proof
Authors: Thompson Daniel
Published: February 2023

The Goldbach conjecture was proposed by the German mathematician Christian Goldbach around the year 1742, to another well-known mathematician of that time Leonard Euler. The conjecture has been found to hold for all numbers up to 4 x 10⁸,but remains unproven until now. This paper proves the Goldbach conjecture by showing that elements of the addition of two prime numbers produce elements of the resulting even number. The resulting elements from the addition of two prime numbers evaluate to an equal amount thus proving that every even number can be expressed as the addition of two prime numbers.
MSC: 11-xx.
How might the consideration of cell polarity affect the daily therapeutic practise? A review study.
Authors: Ravanbod Hamid
Published: February 2023

Background: In addition to biochemical gradients and transcriptional networks, the behaviour of cells is controlled by endogenous bioelectrical signals resulting from the action of ion channels and pumps. Both biochemical and transcription network modifications can have their impacts through bioelectric modifications, and bioelectric modifications by producing polarity can act as precursor patterns for future genetic evolutions and biochemical modifications.
In further details, the proliferation, differentiation, cell shape, and death of stem, progenitor, and somatic cells are governed by instructive messages mediated by variations in resting potential. Cells are regulated not only by their own Vmem (membrane resting potential) but also by the Vmem of their neighbours, establishing networks through electrical synapses known as gap junctions. Changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of Vmem in nonneuronal somatic tissues produce cell polarity which govern pattern development and act as signals that establish the polarity of the body's anatomical axis, and initiate limb regeneration. This article discusses how variations in cell polarity can induce clinical problems and how examining cell polarity might aid in symptom management.
Methods: Using Ovid-MEDLINE, Cochrane central, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Embase, a comprehensive qualitative literature review was conducted from February 1, 2018, through February 1, 2023. This evaluation includes all types and designs of studies involving the phrases bioelectric, cell polarity, electroceuticals, human, people, diseases, illnesses, and foot and ankle problems, which were connected using the conjunctions "and" and "or."
Results: From a total of 1281 publications identified, 27 were chosen. One of this research investigated bioelectric wound healing. 25 studies addressed bioelectric nerve cell growth, whereas one evaluated bioelectricity-induced cellular differentiation in the treatment of arteriopathies.
Conclusion: After analysing the data, the author recommends that cell polarity be addressed for the treatment and prevention of most, if not all, foot and ankle problems. This strategy will assist in addressing most of the predisposing factors and healing impediments for a disease, hence enhance healing process and reducing the likelihood of recurrence or parallel conditions. Due to the limits of bioelectricity measurement and the involvement of mechanical and chemical gradients, more studies are required to confirm these results.
ОVERVIEW OF STATISTICAL METHODS FOR FORECAST DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Gurmach Anastasiia
Published: February 2023

Having a general idea of the nature of the forecast and understanding the general methodology of forecasting in general, it is advisable for analytical departments, economic departments, management units of enterprises, banks, firms (of any socio-economic objects) to develop at least short-term forecasts based on indicators of their activity in modern conditions coopetitions to understand trends in changes in these indicators. As a result of the conducted research, the basic principles that must be observed when developing forecasts are revealed, as well as a detailed description and features of statistical auto-projective forecasting methods are given: random walk models containing a free term or it; models characterizing a deterministic trend with random fluctuations around the trend; moving average models; exponential smoothing models using simple exponential smoothing, linear, quadratic and seasonal smoothing (Brown, Holt, and Winters models); integrated presentation of autoregressive models and moving average models (parametric ARIMA models). In addition, the conducted research confirmed that the significance of the developed forecast and the level of confidence in the obtained future values of the indicators depends on the quality of the developed models. The criteria for checking the quality of the developed forecasts are: the Akaike information criterion, which evaluates the quality of the model compared to each other; the Hannan-Quinn Criterion information criterion, which is used to compare models with a different number of parameters and is an alternative to the Akaike information criterion; the Schwarz-Bayesian information Criterion, which compares the quality of a model relative to each other using a likelihood function; the mean squared error value, the absolute value of the mean squared error and the absolute value of the mean squared error expressed as a percentage.
ANALYSIS OF THE EXPERIENCE OF CREATING GLOBAL DIGITAL GOODS MARKETS BASED ON OUR OWN PLATFORMS
Authors: Sofronov Vadym
Published: February 2023

The presented work summarizes the arguments and counter-arguments within the scientific discussion on analyzing world experience in creating digital goods markets based on its platforms. Pricing policy on the Internet has many nuances, particularly geographic location, dynamic pricing, and price discrimination depending on belonging to a specific social category. The main goal of the conducted research is to identify the main directions of influence on the price policy, which are relevant for the digital goods market, particularly in the gaming industry. The systematization of literary sources and approaches to solving the problem of analyzing the peculiarities of conducting the pricing policy of digital goods proved that this problem is quite relevant among scientists worldwide and needs further elaboration. The research was carried out in the following logical sequence: 1) analysis of literary sources and popular methods of price discrimination; 2) consideration of the concept of a game platform as the basis of the distribution of power between various market subjects; 3) comparison of activities of popular gaming platforms; 4) consideration of game products as certain economic microsystems, and "skins" as currency in these systems; 5) analyzing specific games that use atypical methods of earning profit as for the non-digital world; 6) consideration of tools for expanding markets to a vast network using the example of web API interfaces. The global digital goods market was chosen as the object of the study. The research paper presents the results of a theoretical analysis of pricing strategies for the gaming industry as one of the essential branches of the digital sector. The digital services market began to form relatively recently, based on the stock market's pricing principles. However, everything related to digitalization is developing more rapidly, so the time has come when you can adopt various existing practices of the digital services market for the physical market, namely the use of digital platforms, differentiated pricing policies, the use of additional market research tools such as Telegram bots, online stores, applications, etc.
Why is Essential Tremor so Difficult to Treat? A Literature Review
Authors: Dinh Anna Kieu Anh , Adeoti Adesewa Janet , Strzalkowski Nicholas Donald James
Published: February 2023

Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder and affects tens of millions of individuals worldwide. It is characterized by isolated upper-limb tremors for at least three years without other neurological signs or tremors in other locations. Despite ET being a widespread movement disorder, its etiology and pathophysiology are poorly understood. This lack of understanding poses significant challenges towards the development of treatments and cures. There is no cure for ET, and current treatments for ET are limited and are often insufficient. ET symptoms can differ greatly between patients, and phenotyping is the only method for diagnosis. ET often overlaps with other disorders including dystonia and Parkinson’s disease, which further complicates diagnosis and treatment. Current treatments begin with pharmacotherapy, and progress to surgical options in drug-resistant patients. There is ongoing research into non-invasive electrical stimulation treatments that may prove to be safe and effective; however, further research is needed. The aim of this review is to assess the literature and summarize why ET is so difficult to treat. We evaluate the efficacy of current treatments, and the potential of future treatments. We summarize four reasons why ET remains so difficult to treat: 1) the unknown etiology and pathophysiology, 2) the lack of a suitable animal model, 3) difficulties with diagnosis, and 4) absence of personalized treatments. Despite the current challenges, ET remains an active area of research and novel experimental treatments may produce safe and effective non-invasive therapeutic options for ET.
Mechanism and Kinetics of The Degradation of Nitazoxanide and Hydroxychloroquine Drugs by Hydroxyl Radicals: Theoretical Approach to Ecotoxicity
Authors: Sanches-Neto Flávio , Coutinho Nayara , Aquilanti Vincenzo , Silva Wender , Carvalho-Silva Valter
Published: February 2023

The efforts of contrasting the effects caused by the Covid-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic increased the disposal of active pharmaceutical ingredients. This paper reports the mechanisms and kinetics of the degradation in aqueous environments induced by  OH of two drugs, among those most widely probed at the outbreak of coronavirus, nitazoxanide and hydroxychloroquine. The investigation exploits quantum chemistry techniques and a reaction rate theory combined with diffusion-controlled processes and quantum mechanical tunneling. The reaction rate constants are obtained in an environmentally relevant temperature range. The results show that (i) the deacetylation of nitazoxanide with formation of tizoxanide is kinetically the most favorable channel, in agreement with experimental work; (ii) for hydroxychloroquine, the present theoretical calculations show that the most favorable channel is the addition of  OH at the aromatic ring. The half-life time degradation products are for both cases in the range between 12 to 138 days. Both drugs presented toxicities between harmful and toxic as obtained by computational toxicology calculations: The toxicity is also calculated for the degradation products: (i) in the nitazoxanide degradation process, tizoxanide was characterized as more toxic, while (ii) in the case of hydroxychloroquine, the major degradation product showed a decrease in the toxicity.
Вклад различных пространственных модуляций в управление экзогенным вниманием: исследование методом N2pc
Authors: Родионов Евгений Г.
Published: February 2023

Введение. Механизмы экзогенного внимания, обладая высокой чувствительностью к физическим характеристикам сенсорных сигналов, обеспечивают первичную адаптацию к окружающей среде. Мы предположили, что нелокальные признаки зрительной сцены могут иметь разный приоритет в привлечении экзогенного внимания. Процесс экзогенного ориентирования в ситуации попарной конкуренции модулированных текстур впервые изучен посредством выделения компонента N2pc. В результате исследования мы установили особенности распределения внимания в парах пространственных признаков, модулированных на текстурах, расширив представление о работе механизмов экзогенного контроля в зрительной системе. Методы. В исследовании приняли участие 32 человека в возрасте 18,2 ± 0,4 лет с нормальным зрением. Эксперимент состоял из трех частей, выполняемых по одной схеме: задачей испытуемого было найти данный в инструкции целевой стимул (модулированную текстуру) среди декоя (другой модулированной текстуры) и дистракторов. Во время эксперимента осуществлялась запись ЭЭГ с целью анализа компонента N2pc. Результаты. Основываясь на сравнении компонента N2pc, было обнаружено, что модуляции контраста и ориентации в большей мере привлекают экзогенное внимание, чем модуляция пространственной частоты. Теоретическая значимость результатов заключается в изучении фундаментальных механизмов экзогенного контроля в зрительной системе. Результаты изучения этого процесса могут быть применимы в разработке графических интерфейсов, систем «мозг – компьютер», а также в решении широкого круга задач инженерной психологии, связанных с оптимизацией человеко-машинного взаимодействия. Обсуждение результатов. Модуляции контраста и ориентации могут иметь больший приоритет для экзогенного внимания, чем модуляция пространственной частоты. В ситуации одновременного предъявления с последней, модуляции контраста и ориентации могут в значительной степени отвлекать на себя внимание вследствие их большей салиентности. Меньшая латентность компонента N2pc в ответ на модуляцию ориентации позволяет предположить приоритетность ее обработки в сравнении с модуляциями контраста и пространственной частоты.
Сравнение механизмов фонематического восприятия и внутреннего проговаривания фонем и слогов: ЭЭГ- и фМРТ-исследование
Authors: Шевченко Андрей О. , Вартанов Александр В.
Published: February 2023

Введение. Существующие схемы производства речи не полностью отражают взаимодействие систем восприятия речи и собственной внутренней речи. Исследование нацелено на сравнение с помощью психофизиологических методов связи между внутренним проговариванием и фонематическим восприятием. Методы. В ЭЭГ-исследовании приняли участие 25 человек. Испытуемым предлагались аудиальные стимулы, после чего необходимо было внутренне проговорить заданные фонемы или слоги, сохраняя интонацию и особенности произношения, как при внешней речи. Для обработки результатов использовался функциональный дисперсионный анализ. Также было проведено фМРТ-исследование, в нём приняли участие 30 здоровых праворуких испытуемых. Респондентам также предлагались аудиальные стимулы, записывались фон, прослушивание материала, прослушивание с последующим внутренним проговариванием заданного стимула. Результаты обрабатывались с помощью программы для статистического параметрического картирования, а затем подвергались анализу групповой статистики с помощью одновыборочного t-критерия Стьюдента. Результаты. В процессе ЭЭГ-исследования были обнаружены интервалы значимых различий в структуре вызванного потенциала внутреннего проговаривания и фонематического восприятия. В ходе фМРТ-исследования нами были получены данные, которые свидетельствуют как о процессе фонематического восприятия, так и о намеренном внутреннем проговаривании. Обсуждение результатов. Были проанализированы различия в активности мозговых структур при внутреннем проговаривании и восприятии. На основе полученных нами данных, а также проведенном теоретическом анализе была предложена схема фонематического восприятия и внутреннего проговаривания. Данная схема представляет не только взаимодействие процессов восприятия и порождения речи, но и показывает влияние артикуляций на процесс внутренней речи.
Динамика установок формирования толерантности в семье у представителей различных социальных групп
Authors: Рюмшина Любовь И. , Зинченко Елена В. , Чернова Анастасия А. , Бердянская Юлия В. , Батычко Ольга В.
Published: February 2023

Введение. Толерантность, как основа личности, выстраивающей конструктивные взаимоотношения с другими людьми, в современных условиях сопряжена с развитием гражданского общества, политическими и общественными событиями. Поэтому большое внимание воспитанию толерантности уделяется в образовательных учреждениях. Работ, направленных на изучение значимости ее формирования в семье, играющей решающую роль в развитии различных личностных черт ребенка, практически нет. В статье впервые проанализированы за длительный период времени установки формирования толерантности в семье у респондентов различных групп. Методы. Объект исследования: толерантность как психологический феномен. В исследовании использовалась база данных Всемирного обзора ценностей (WVS) с участием России с конца XX в. до 2017 г. Общая выборка насчитывала 10344 человека. Для обработки данных применялись статистические методы: корреляционный анализ, критерий Краскала – Уоллиса, критерий Коновера, метод доверительных интервалов, логистическая регрессия.  Все расчеты выполнялись с помощью языка программирования «R» на интерфейсе программы «RStudio». Результаты. Установлена тенденция к снижению количества респондентов, считающих толерантность важнейшим качеством, формируемым в семье. Выявлены различия в группах респондентов с разными установками на воспитание толерантности. Для лиц старшего возраста, имеющих высшее образование, ее формирование более значимо. В 2017 г. уровень образования и социального класса у лиц, считающих так, снижается. Обсуждение результатов. Толерантность – одно из важнейших качеств, формируемых в семье, однако число считающих так респондентов со временем уменьшается. Обнаружена тенденция повышения значимости формирования толерантности в семье в зависимости от более старшего возраста, уровня образования и социального класса респондентов.
Mediation of Moral Disengagement on Cyberbullying Perpetration Influenced by Emotional Intelligence and Anonymity of Indonesian Adolescents on Social Media
Authors: Lubis Ahmad Yazid , Mikarsa Hera Lestari , Andriani Inge
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The use of social media in a scope of adolescents confirms that without any sufficient digital literacy, it shall leads to an increased dysfunctional behavior. Adolescents who feel anonymous and think that attacking others on social media shall not violate morals will make them portrayed as the cyberbullying perpetrator, even though they have any good emotional intelligence as well. This research aims to examine the mediating role of moral disengagement on cyberbullying perpetration which is influenced by emotional intelligence and anonymity of Indonesian adolescents on social media. Methods. The measurement applied on this research uses Adolescent Cyber-Aggressor Scale, Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test, Anonymity Scale, and Moral Disengagement Scale. All scales have good reliability and have been tested for validity using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The structural model was tested by path analysis using the Amos program and the mediating effect was tested by using the Sobel test. Results. The results show the goodness of fit structural model with Chi-square = 2.604 (p > 0.05), RMSEA = 0.068, GFI = 0.996, AGFI = 0.963, dan TLI = 0.916. The acceptance on the hypothesis shows that moral disengagement significantly mediates the effect of emotional intelligence and anonymity on cyberbullying perpetration, whereas moral disengagement has the strongest direct effect. Discussion. The mechanism of moral disengagement in cyberbullying perpetrators can occur at the behavioral, agency, effect, and victim locus. Instilling awareness of moral values and increasing digital literacy in adolescents is very important to do to suppress any cyberbullying perpetration.
Осознанная саморегуляция и школьная вовлеченность как ресурсы экзаменационной успешности: лонгитюдное исследование
Authors: Фомина Татьяна Г. , Филиппова Елена В. , Ованесбекова Маргарита Л. , Моросанова Варвара И.
Published: February 2023

Введение. Актуальным направлением современных исследований в области психологии образования является изучение психологических ресурсов, рассматриваемых в качестве долгосрочных предикторов успешности обучения. В качестве ресурсов рассматриваются осознанная саморегуляция достижения учебных целей и школьная вовлеченность обучающихся. Задачи исследования включали изучение взаимосвязи ресурсов у школьников в период их обучения в средней школе, а также поиск ответа на вопрос, является ли развитие осознанной саморегуляции долгосрочным предиктором экзаменационной успешности, что отражает новизну исследования. Обучающиеся приняли участие в 3-летнем лонгитюдном исследовании в период обучения с 7-го по 9-й класс, общее количество – 81 человек (52 % – мальчики). Методы. Опросник В. И. Моросановой «Стиль саморегуляции учебной деятельности (ССУД-М)»; адаптированный на российской выборке опросник «Многомерная шкала школьной вовлеченности» (Т. Г. Фомина, В. И. Моросанова). В исследовании были собраны данные об успеваемости учащихся (среднее значение годовых отметок по основным учебным предметам) и результаты итоговых экзаменов в 9-м классе (ОГЭ). Результаты. Статистический анализ позволил предложить модель, описывающую характер взаимосвязи исследуемых характеристик. Модель дает представление об особенностях лонгитюдных взаимосвязей школьной вовлеченности, осознанной саморегуляции и результатов итоговых экзаменов в основной школе. Она демонстрирует, что уровень развития осознанной саморегуляции, измеренный у обучающихся в 7-м классе, является долгосрочным предиктором академической успеваемости и результатов основного государственного экзамена в 9-м классе. Школьная вовлеченность оказалась менее значимым фактором успешности сдачи экзамена, ее влияние опосредовано уровнем развития осознанной саморегуляции. Обсуждение результатов. Впервые в лонгитюдном исследовании выявлена специфика взаимосвязи осознанной саморегуляции со школьной вовлеченностью на разных этапах обучения в средней школе. Научную значимость имеет факт существования отдаленных прогностических эффектов влияния развития осознанной саморегуляции на экзаменационные результаты в средней школе.
Обзор категории «цель» в психологии
Authors: Васёв Роман В.
Published: February 2023

Введение. В статье представлен обзор категории «цель» с психологической точки зрения, раскрывается состояние исследования целей в настоящее время. Обобщены результаты порядка 100 литературных источников, включая эмпирические исследования целей. Предпринимается попытка собрать определения цели и обобщить их в единый конструкт. Показаны структура и свойства целей, отношения между средствами и целями, иерархия целей и подцелей, взаимосвязь между целями и планами, процессы постановки и достижения целей. Новизна работы заключается в уточнении категории «цель» с учетом имеющихся на данный момент научных знаний, конструировании психологического феномена «цель» на основе ключевых характеристик, используемых в литературе, выявлены дефициты в сфере изучения целей. Теоретическое обоснование. Теоретические наработки психологии в данной области используются во всех сферах деятельности – в образовании, на производстве, в спорте, системе здравоохранения и быту. Внимание уделяется конфликту целей и распределению ресурсов между несколькими целями, модели T.O.T.E., модели фаз действия «Рубикон», теории разворота Аптера, концепции психологической дистанции до цели, теме целенаправленного поведения с кибернетических позиций. Результаты. Автор дает исторический экскурс, касающийся категории цель конца XIX–XX вв., также отражены результаты исследований современного времени. На основании проведенного анализа установлено, что категория «цель» в XX в. бурно развивается и становится одним из звеньев мотивационной сферы человека. Обсуждение результатов. Категория «цель» в психологии является объектом исследования различных психологических школ и направлений и имеет ключевое значение в прогнозировании поведения, занимает одно из центральных мест в психологии личности. На данном этапе развития психологической науки недостаточно изучены вопросы динамики системы целей в различной экологической среде и во времени, характер связей в системе целей раскрыт в виде иерархических схем, без учета весов самих связей.
Модель психического у лиц со стойкими нарушениями слуха
Authors: Ермаков Павел Н. , Горелов Вадим Ю.
Published: February 2023

Введение. Проблемы тугоухости и глухоты были и остаются актуальными как в медицинском, так и в психолого-педагогическом плане. Депривация слуха неминуемо отражается на развитии речи и, как следствие, на всех когнитивных функциях, которые лежат в основе интеллекта и способствуют формированию способности понимать Других – модели психического. Важной атрибуцией невербального общения как фактора формирования модели психического является способность правильной интерпретации невербальных сигналов в понимании Других. В связи с этим актуальным становится исследование глаз как неотъемлемой части мимики и способа невербальной коммуникации. Новизной нашего исследования является оценка модели психического у лиц с депривацией слуха как у группы активно использующих язык невербального общения. Методы. Использован такой метод, как тест «Чтение психического состояния по глазам» (RMET – Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test) – методика, направленная на диагностику понимания ментального состояния человека по взгляду. Он широко используется для оценки индивидуальных различий в социальном познании и распознавании эмоций в разных группах. В настоящем исследовании изучалось распределение баллов по русифицированной версии теста среди лиц со стойкими нарушениями слуха. Результаты. У исследуемых лиц с депривацией слуха средние показатели по тесту «Чтение психического состояния по глазам» оказались в зоне сниженной способности распознавания эмоций в соответствии с данными авторов теста. Обнаружены статистически значимые различия между группами с разной степенью тугоухости, а также наблюдаются статистически значимые межполовые различия при выполнении теста «Чтение психического состояния по глазам». Обсуждение результатов. У лиц с нарушением слуха во взрослом возрасте сохраняются трудности с распознаванием сложных эмоций, что может быть объяснено депривацией речевого общения в семье на ранних стадиях развития, что снижает развитие модели психического и, как следствие, способность понимания Других.
Total Flavonoids from Rhizoma Drynariae (Gusuibu) Alleviates Diabetic
Osteoporosis by Activating BMP2/Smad Signaling Pathway
Authors: Fang Xin Hua , Zhou Guo Er , Lin Na
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a widespread public health problem. The
flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae (RDF) have a clear preventive and therapeutic effect on osteoporosis
(OP), but it is not yet clear whether RDF has an anti-DOP and whether its mechanism is related to
the activation of the BMP2/Smad signaling pathway. The current study aimed to study this effect of
RDF in DOP rats and the possible involvement of the BMP2/Smad signaling pathway activation.

Methods:

Following intragastric administration of RDF for 12 weeks, the body weight, blood glucose,
and the bone histopathological changes detected by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and calcein
staining were monitored, while bone parameters were regularly assessed from observations made
by micro-CT. At the end of the experiment, the expression of Bmp2, Bmpr1a, Runx2, and Smad4/5
genes was detected by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Meanwhile, western blotting or immunohistochemical
staining monitored the protein expressions of BMP2, RUNX2, and SMAD5 in the bone.

Results:

The results firstly indicated that RDF significantly alleviated the signs and symptoms of
DOP, which manifested as improved body weight and blood glucose. As obtained from the results
of histopathology and micro-CT, RDF could promote the formation of bone trabeculae and alter
several the bone microstructure parameters, including an increase in the bone volume/total volume
(BV/TV), connective density (Conn-Dens), and trabecular bone number (Tb.N), as well as a decrease
in the trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp). The western blotting analysis and RT-PCR results also
confirmed that RDF could markedly increase the mRNA expression levels of Bmp2, Bmpr1α,
Smad4, Runx2, and Smad5 in the bone, as well as the corresponding protein expression levels of
BMP2, RUNX2, and SMAD5. These results reveal that RDF can activate the BMP2/Smad signaling
pathway, thus promoting bone remodeling in DOP rats.

Conclusion:

RDF can increase bone trabeculae and bone mineral density by promoting bone formation
and inhibiting bone absorption, thereby playing a role in improving DOP. This effect is related
to the regulation of the BMP2/Smad signaling pathway.
Inadequate gonadal replacement in patients with Turner syndrome may result in pituitary volume enlargement
Authors: Akkus Gamze , Kolsuz Irem , Sozutok Sinan , Onan Bilen , Karagun Barıs , Evran Mehtap , Sert Murat , Tetiker Tamer
Published: February 2023

aims:

We aim to evaluate pituitary volume of patients with Turner Syndrome who received adequate hormone replacement therapy or did not receive this therapy. In addition, we also compared the measurements of pituitary volumes of the patients with TS and healthy control patients.

background:

Most patients with Turner Syndrome need hormone replacement therapy for puberty induction. However, it is not known whether inadequate hormone replacement therapy affects pituitary.

objective:

Patients with Turner Syndrome (n=35) and 20 healthy control (age/gender matched) subjects were included. MRI imaging of the pituitary was used to calculate pituitary volumes.

method:

According to the estradiol regimen; patients were divided into two groups;(i) those treated with low-dose conjugated oestrogen (CE, 0.625 mg) and (ii) those treated with combination therapy (ethinyl estradiol+sipropterone acetate; 35 mcg/2 mg). Pituitary volumes were calculated according to pituitary borders and their distances to each other via pituitary MRI.

result:

Pituitary hyperplasia (0.58±0.15 cm3 vs 0.40±0.17 cm3) was determined in patients with low dose conjugated estrogen compared to the other patients or healthy control subjects (0.42±0.16 cm3) (p=0.005). Serum FSH levels of the patients treated with low dose CE were also higher compared to the patients who received combination therapy (p=0.001).

conclusion:

Inadequate hormone replacement therapy can cause devastating effects on the bones and uterine health and disrupts the pituitary structure as well.

other:

The goal of optimal hormone is induction of puberty and maintaining secondary sex characteristics or receiving peak bone mass.). In spite of all of these recommendations, the most suitable replacement therapy, timing of replacement, dosing, route of administration and possible beneficial effects are still unclear
Occupational Stress Levels and Coping Strategies among Nurses Working in an Urban Metropolis in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Akpor Oluwaseyi A. , Aina Victoria O. , Akpor Oghenerobor B.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Stress is an important psychological concept that can affect health, well-being, and job performance in negative dimensions.

Objective:

This study investigates stress levels and coping strategies among nurses in selected hospitals in North Central Nigeria.

Methods:

The study employed a multistage sample technique method. The study design was descriptive and cross-sectional, using a quantitative strategy. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive and inferential study statistics.

Results:

Finding shows that the minimum age of the participants was 21–30 years, 87% were female, while 41.1% had 1-5 years of working experience. The study revealed that the highest signs and symptoms of stress experienced by the participants included aches and pain (57.5%) and anxiousness (52.5%). The participants experienced moderate stress. The findings revealed that years of experience (r= 0.631, p= 0.000) were observed to be significantly associated with signs and symptoms of stress. The results showed that age (r= -0.243, p= 0.045), religion (r= 0.165, p= 0.032), and experience of memory problems (r= 0.227, p= 0.003) were observed to show significant association with coping strategies.

Conclusion:

Hence, a conducive work environment should be maintained to promote effective nursing care, while periodic stress assessments and management should be implemented by hospital administrators to aid positive coping strategies among nurses.
Identifying Host Cell Gene Expression Modulation as Potential Markers for SARS-CoV2 Infection
Authors: Soferr Jonathan J. , Guiberson Kate , Steel J. Jordan
Published: February 2023

Background

The SARSCoV2 emergence in 2019 has caused health, safety, and socioeconomic issues around the world. Current testing prioritizes viral RNA detection, requiring specialized techniques, training, and time periods, resulting in significant testing limitations. Viral infection can cause changes in host cell gene expression, which vary from virus to virus. Recent research suggests SARSCoV2-induced gene expression modulations in infected human cells may be differentiated from expressions elicited by other acute respiratory illnesses. Data in this study highlight specific genes that are differentially expressed during SARSCoV2 infection. This novel application of individual sample analysis in connection with global databases, provides robust data for genes that are specifically modulated during SARSCoV2 infection. This expression profile would be valuable for SARSCoV2 testing, prevention, treatment, and basic virology research.

Methods

Previously collected COVID-19 surveillance-testing samples from cadets at the United States Air Force Academy were used to quantify the expression of 19 target genes using direct primer-mediated qRTPCR. Additionally, samples were analyzed with RNA-seq to assess the different transcriptomes between uninfected and SARSCoV2-infected samples. Results were compared with national databases to confirm agreement with the results.

Results

19 genes were identified to be altered during SARSCoV2 infection using in-lab experimental results. This expression profile matches previous research and may uniquely describe SARSCoV2 infection. The genes expected to be upregulated according to previous research, IL1B, IFI44L, ACE2 & DUX3, were all upregulated. RNA-seq data confirms these results and identified 122 other genes that are significantly different between uninfected and SARSCoV2 infected samples. The results have a 93% agreement rate with national databases.

Conclusion

Despite the availability of vaccines for SARSCoV2, the continual mutation and evolution of the virus, the emergence of novel and increasingly infectious strains, and the anti-vaccine sentiment increase the need for safe and rapid testing alternative options. The expression profile of altered host genes during SARSCoV2 infection could be extremely advantageous to detect and prevent infection, as well as further research efforts for treatment and understanding SARSCoV2 infection.
Role of Medicinal Plants in the Management of Inflammatory Disorders:
An Overview
Authors: Grewal Ajmer Singh , Garg Madhukar , Sharma Abhinav , Bansal Shivam , Grover Rupanshi , Sharma Tanya , Kumari Sapna , Goyal Anju , Bhatia Shiveena , Vaid Lavish , Deswal Geeta
Published: February 2023

Owing to the enhanced toxicity as well as consequences of allopathic medication, the
research on herbal therapies is developing progressively. As a result, medicinal herbs are
beginning to play a substantial role in the advancement of the dominant therapeutic medications.
Since ancient times, the use of herbs has performed a vital part in human well-being as well in the
invention of cutting-edge pharmaceuticals. Inflammation and related illnesses are a major health
concern for the entire human population. Pain-inducing drugs including opiates, non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, and corticosteroids have severe side effects and these
therapies suffer from the recurrence of symptoms too after discontinuing the treatment. As a
result, the diagnosis along with the advancement of medications with anti-inflammatory properties
is the priority to conquer the drawbacks of the existing therapies. The present review article
provides insight into the literature comprising promising phytochemicals from various medicinal
plants tested through different model systems and employed for alleviating inflammation in
several inflammatory disorders as well as clinical status of the herbal products.
What determines employees’ job satisfaction and loyalty? Evidence from Vietnamese enterprises
Authors:   Breau of Research Management and International Cooperation, VNU University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam, Trinh Hoang Phuong , Van Dao Hong ,   International Training and Cooperation Institute, East Asia University of Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen The Kien ,   Center for Socio-Economic Analysis and Databases (CSEAD), VNU University of Economics and Business, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: February 2023

Job satisfaction and loyalty of employees are key determinants for the sustainable development of the business. This study specifies factors that influence employee loyalty with employee happiness serving as a mediator. The sample survey involved 369 employees in different industries in Vietnam. The empirical results show that wages, benefits, working conditions, training, promotion opportunity, workplace relationship, and autonomy at work positively affect both employee satisfaction and loyalty. Our study complements the literature by providing firms with strategies for fostering a supportive environment that would further increase employee loyalty and contribute to the successful sustainability of organizations with satisfied employees.
Patient Satisfaction With Speech Recognition in the Exam Room: Exploratory Survey
Authors: Sippel Jeffrey , Podhajsky Tim , Lin Chen-Tan
Published: February 2023

Background

Medical speech recognition technology uses a microphone and computer software to transcribe the spoken word into text and is not typically used in outpatient clinical exam rooms. Patient perceptions regarding speech recognition in the exam room (SRIER) are therefore unknown.

Objective

This study aims to characterize patient perceptions of SRIER by administering a survey to consecutive patients scheduled for acute, chronic, and wellness care in three outpatient clinic sites.

Methods

We used a microphone and medical speech recognition software to complete the “assessment and plan” portion of the after-visit summary in the patient’s presence, immediately printed the after-visit summary, and then administered a 4-question exploratory survey to 65 consecutive patients in internal medicine and pulmonary medicine clinics at an academic medical center and a community family practice clinic in 2021 to characterize patient perceptions of SRIER. All questions were completed by all participants.

Results

When compared to patients’ recollection of usual care (visits with no microphone and an after-visit summary without an “assessment and plan”), 86% (n=56) of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that their provider addressed their concerns better, and 73% (n=48) agreed or strongly agreed that they understood their provider’s advice better. A total of 99% (n=64) of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that a printed after-visit summary including the “assessment and plan” was helpful. By comparing the “agree” and “strongly agree” responses to the neutral responses, we found that patients felt that clinicians using SRIER addressed their concerns better (P<.001), they understood their clinician’s advice better (P<.001), and receiving a paper summary was helpful (P<.001). Patients were likely to recommend a provider using a microphone based on the Net Promoter Score of 58.

Conclusions

This survey suggests patients have a very positive perception of speech recognition use in the exam room.