bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ferroptosis contributes to hypoxic–ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats: Role of the SIRT1/Nrf2/GPx4 signaling pathway
Authors: Li Chang , Wu Ziyi , Xue Hang , Gao Qiushi , Zhang Yahan , Wang Changming , Zhao Ping
Published: October 2022

Aims

Hypoxic–ischemic brain injury (HIBI) often results in cognitive impairments. Herein, we investigated the roles of ferroptosis in HIBI and the underlying signaling pathways.

Methods

Ferrostatin‐1 (Fer‐1) or resveratrol (Res) treatments were administered intracerebroventricularly 30 min before HIBI in 7‐day‐old rats. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) expression, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, iron content, mitochondrial morphology, and the expression of silent information regulator factor 2‐related enzyme 1 (SIRT1) and nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) were measured after HIBI. Additionally, the weight ratio of left/right hemisphere, brain morphology, Nissl staining, and the Morris water maze test were conducted to estimate brain damage.

Results

At 24‐h post‐HIBI, GPx4 expression was decreased, and MDA concentration and iron content were increased in the hippocampus. HIBI led to mitochondrial atrophy, brain atrophy/damage, and resultant learning and memory impairments, which were alleviated by Fer‐1‐mediated inhibition of ferroptosis. Furthermore, Res‐mediated SIRT1 upregulation increased Nrf2 and GPx4 expression, thereby attenuating ferroptosis, reducing brain atrophy/damage, and improving learning and memory abilities.

Conclusion

The results demonstrated that during HIBI, ferroptosis occurs via the SIRT1/Nrf2/GPx4 signaling pathway, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target for inhibiting ferroptosis and ameliorating HIBI‐induced cognitive impairments.
Altered functional connectivity of nucleus accumbens subregions associates with non‐motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Chen Lili , Wang Junling , Xia Mingrui , Sun Lianglong , Sun Junyan , Gao Linlin , Zhang Dongling , Wu Tao
Published: October 2022

Aims

This study aimed to identify the functional connectivity (FC) changes of nucleus accumbens (NAc) subregions and characterize the association of network changes and non‐motor symptoms (NMS) in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods

We enrolled 129 PD patients and 106 healthy controls from our center and the PPMI (Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative) database. The FC of the bilateral core and shell of the NAc were measured and compared between the two groups. We further used partial least squares correlation to reveal the relationships between altered FC of NAc subregions and manifestations of NMS of PD.

Results

The subregions of left core, left shell, and right core had reduced FC with extensive brain regions in PD patients compared with healthy controls. These three subregions were commonly associated with depression, anxiety, apathy, and cognitive impairment. Moreover, the left core and left shell were associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, whereas the right core was associated with olfactory impairment and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder.

Conclusion

This study for the first time identified the neural network changes of NAc subregions in PD and the associations between network changes and phenotypes of NMS. Our findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of NMS in PD.
Features of circumference sizes in women of different constitutional groups
Authors: Nuruev Mirlan , Sakibaev Kyialbek , Dzholdosheva Gulay , Maksimova Kanyshai , Kanymgul Asanbek kyzy
Published: October 2022

Introduction

The constitution of a person determines their physical condition and the level of metabolism in the body. For this reason, the characteristic of a person's somatotype (body type) is important for assessing their health and is used to determine the norm of physical development. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the features of circumference sizes in women of the Kyrgyz Republic with different body types and age groups.

Methods

A total of 1028 healthy women aged 16–55 years living in the city of Osh and its suburbs were examined. Physical development was assessed using the method of complex anthropometry and somatotyping.

Results

The mesosomal and megalosomal groups are more common in women of the third age category, while in the leptosomal group, the number of women of different age categories was approximately the same. In women aged 21–35 years old, the average value of the chest circumference index was 1.1 times greater than in girls aged 16–20 years old, the waist circumference was 1.1 times greater and the gluteal circumference was also more than 1.03 times greater. In women of the third age category, the above indicators increase by 1.09, 1.09 and 1.05 times, respectively, in comparison with girls from the first category.

Conclusion

The analysis of somatotypes and circumference sizes of Kyrgyz women of different ages suggests that there is a relative dependence of the measured parameters on the age and constitution of the body.
Afatinib triggers a Ni2+‐resistant Ca2+ influx pathway in A549 non‐small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Tsai Tien‐Yao , Chen Cing‐Yu , Shiao Lian‐Ru , Ou Ting‐Tsz , Wu Cheng‐Hsun , Leung Yuk‐Man , Chow Louis W. C.
Published: October 2022

Afatinib is used to treat non‐small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC), and its mechanism involves irreversible inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase. In this study, we examined if afatinib had cytotoxic action against NSCLC other than inhibition of tyrosine kinase. Afatinib (1–30 μM) caused apoptotic death in A549 NSCLC in a concentration‐dependent manner. Afatinib triggered Ca2+ influx without causing Ca2+ release, and the Ca2+ influx was unaffected by sodium orthovanadate (SOV, an inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatase), suggesting that afatinib‐triggered Ca2+ response was unrelated to its inhibition of tyrosine kinase. Addition of afatinib also promoted Mn2+ influx. Ca2+ influx triggered by afatinib was resistant to SKF96365 and ruthenium red (two general blockers of TRP channels) and, unexpectedly, Ni2+ (a non‐specific Ca2+ channel blocker). Afatinib caused an increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ level, an initial mitochondrial hyperpolarization (4 h) and followed by mitochondrial potential collapse (24–48 h). Afatinib‐induced cell death was slightly but significantly alleviated in low extracellular Ca2+ condition or under pharmacological block of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening by cyclosporin A. Therefore, in addition to tyrosine kinase inhibition as a major anti‐cancer mechanism of afatinib, stimulation of an atypical Ca2+ influx pathway, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, and potential collapse in part contribute to afatinib‐induced cell death.
Workplace violence against Bangladeshi registered nurses: A survey following a year of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Chowdhury Saifur Rahman , Kabir Humayun , Das Dipak Chandra , Chowdhury Mahfuzur Rahman , Chowdhury Mahmudur Rahman , Hossain Ahmed
Published: October 2022

Aims

To investigate the prevalence of workplace violence and its associated factors among Bangladeshi registered nurses.

Background

Workplace violence is prevalent among nurses, particularly in developing countries. However, the issue has never been examined in Bangladeshi nurses.

Methods

Between February 26 and July 10, 2021, this cross‐sectional survey involving 1264 registered nurses was conducted. Workplace violence was determined by the Workplace Violence Scale (WVS). A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to find the factors associated with workplace violence. This study complies with the EQUATOR (STROBE) checklist.

Results

Of the 1264 nurses, 885 (70%) nurses reported being exposed to workplace violence in the previous year. Three hundred twenty‐four (324; 25.6%) nurses reported physical violence, whereas 902 (71.4%) nurses reported nonphysical violence. According to the multivariable logistic regression model, male nurses, nurses in the Sylhet division, emergency department nurses, nurses working extended hours, and non trained nurses to tackle workplace violence were prone to physical violence. Furthermore, public hospital nurses and non trained nurses to tackle workplace violence were more likely to be exposed to nonphysical violence. Nurses who had not been exposed to workplace violence were satisfied with their current job, but those who had been exposed to workplace violence were dissatisfied and intended to leave their current job.

Conclusions and implications for nursing and health policy

High prevalence of workplace violence underscores nurses’ current working conditions, which are particularly poor in public hospitals and emergency departments. Moreover, the COVID‐19 pandemic put unprecedented pressure on the whole healthcare system and caused various difficulties for healthcare workers. To develop a zero‐violence practice environment, health authorities should implement policy‐level interventions. Healthcare staff should be guided to deal more successfully with patients and coworkers to create a positive working environment.
Is there a Common Digital Market in the European Union? Implications for the European Digitalization Strategy
Authors: Gomes Ana , Dias José G.
Published: October 2022

Due to the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic, people has changed the way they work, learn and socialize. As result, it is important to identify the pre‐existing digital gaps to implement the European Union digitalization strategy. This study aims to identify typologies of internet use in the 28 European Union (EU) countries (at the time of the survey), based on the characteristics of the users and their internet usage patterns. A two‐level latent class analysis was applied. At the first level, individuals within each country were grouped according to their characteristics of internet use; and, simultaneously, at the second level, countries were grouped based on the similar structure of individual segments. Using data from Eurobarometer, results show that internet use in the EU digital market is not homogeneous. The European Commission should take these pre‐existing gaps into account in the EU digitalization strategy.
Mitochondrial dysfunction: The pathological link between psoriasis and insulin resistance?
Authors: Villarreal‐Martinez Alejandra , Martinez‐de‐Villarreal Laura Elia , Gomez‐Flores Minerva , Chavez‐Alvarez Sonia , Cerda‐Flores Ricardo , Ocampo‐Candiani Jorge , Ruiz‐Herrera Consuelo , Rodriguez‐Rivera Marcelo R. , Villarreal‐Perez Jesús Zacarías , Gonzalez‐Gonzalez José Gerardo , Calvo‐Anguiano Geovana
Published: October 2022

Background

Psoriasis is strongly associated with insulin resistance (IR). Lipid profile disturbances and upregulation of enzymes crucial for fatty acid oxidation have been reported in patients with psoriasis. Mitochondrial ß‐oxidation is altered in patients with IR. Common mitochondrial dysfunction may be involved in the origin of both diseases.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate mitochondrial ß‐oxidation, intermediary metabolism, and mitochondrial content in psoriatic patients with or without IR and compare them to healthy controls.

Methods

The participants were divided into three groups: (1) psoriasis and IR (n = 26); (2) psoriasis without IR (n = 17); and (3) healthy controls (n = 17). Quantification of amino acids and acylcarnitines (AC) by tandem mass spectrometry, determination of urinary organic acids by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and mitochondrial DNA quantification were performed in all groups.

Results

When comparisons were made between the two psoriatic groups, no differences were found between: C5DC + C6OH, C16:1, Met/Leu, Met/Phe, C16:1/C16, and C5DC + C6OH/C4DC + C5OH ratios. Nine analytes were different: phenylalanine, Cit/Phe, and Cit/Tyr ratios, C0, C3, C5, C6DC, C16, and C18:1OH. There were no correlations between psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), body mass index (BMI) and duration of disease with ACs. A higher proportion of patients with psoriasis showed increased urine levels of uric acid and hippuric acid (p = 0.01). The mtDNA content was significantly higher in cases than in controls, with no differences between IR and non‐IR psoriatic patients.

Conclusions

Psoriasis patients with and without IR have a different acylcarnitine profile reflecting impaired ß‐oxidation. A distinctive profile of acylcarnitines suggests an involvement of mitochondrial function associated with an increase in stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) activity in psoriatic patients with and without IR.
Linked color imaging provides enhanced visibility with a high color difference in upper gastrointestinal neoplasms
Authors: Dohi Osamu , Ono Shoko , Kawada Kenro , Kitamura Shinji , Hatta Waku , Hori Shinichiro , Kanzaki Hiromitsu , Murao Takahisa , Yagi Nobuaki , Sasaki Fumisato , Hashiguchi Keiichi , Oka Shiro , Katada Kazuhiro , Shimoda Ryo , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Suehiro Mitsuhiko , Takeuchi Toshihisa , Katsuki Shinichi , Tsuda Momoko , Naito Yuji , Kawano Tatsuyuki , Haruma Ken , Ishikawa Hideki , Mori Keita , Kato Mototsugu ,   LCI‐FIND TRIAL Group
Published: October 2022

Background and Aim

The aim of this post‐hoc analysis in a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial was to evaluate the visibility of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) neoplasms detected using linked color imaging (LCI) compared with those detected using white light imaging (WLI).

Methods

The visibility of the detected UGI neoplasm images obtained using both WLI and LCI was subjectively reviewed, and the median color difference (ΔE) between each lesion and the surrounding mucosa according to the CIE L*a*b* color space was evaluated objectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with neoplasms that were missed under WLI and detected under LCI.

Results

A total of 120 neoplasms, including 10, 32, and 78 neoplasms in the pharynx, esophagus, and stomach, respectively, were analyzed in this study. LCI enhanced the visibility 80.9% and 93.6% of neoplasms in pharynx/esophagus and stomach compared with WLI, respectively. LCI also achieved a higher ΔE of enhanced neoplasms compared with WLI in the pharynx/esophagus and stomach. The median WLI ΔE values for gastric neoplasms missed under WLI and later detected under LCI were significantly lower than those for gastric neoplasms detected under WLI (8.2 vs 9.6, respectively). Furthermore, low levels of WLI ΔE (odds ratio [OR], 7.215) and high levels of LCI ΔE (OR, 22.202) were significantly associated with gastric neoplasms missed under WLI and later detected under LCI.

Conclusion

Color differences were independently associated with missing gastric neoplasms under WLI, suggesting that LCI has an obvious advantage over WLI in enhancing neoplastic visibility.
Comparative risk of fracture in community‐dwelling older adults initiating suvorexant versus Z‐drugs: Results from LIFE study
Authors: Adomi Motohiko , Maeda Megumi , Murata Fumiko , Fukuda Haruhisa
Published: October 2022

Background

An increased risk of fracture has been reported in older adults taking hypnotics. However, few studies have reported the comparative safety of hypnotics with different mechanisms of action. We examined the risk of fracture in older adults initiating suvorexant compared to those initiating Z‐drugs.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a claims database within a longevity improvement and fair evidence (LIFE) study in Japan (1.5 million beneficiaries). People aged ≥65 years were included in this study. Exposure was defined as the initiation of either suvorexant or Z‐drugs (eszopiclone, zolpidem, or zopiclone). The evaluated outcomes were hip fracture and all‐cause fracture requiring hospitalization. We used inverse probability of treatment weights to adjust for confounding and followed the incidence of the outcome for three different periods: 30, 90, and 365 days. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to the weighted population to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). Sensitivity analyses were performed with narrowed outcome definitions and inverse probability of censoring weights.

Results

We identified 16,148 suvorexant new users and 54,327 Z‐drugs new users. During the 30‐day follow‐up, 21 (16.6 events per 1000 person‐years) and 53 hip fractures (12.2 events per 1000 person‐years) were identified among suvorexant and Z‐drugs new users, respectively (HR: 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–1.76). The analysis for all‐cause fracture showed an HR of 1.03 (95% CI: 0.78–1.36). Extended follow‐up (90 and 365 days) showed similar results for both outcomes. Sensitivity analyses showed consistent results except for an increased risk of all‐cause fracture requiring surgery (HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 0.87–2.29) during the 30‐day follow‐up.

Conclusions

This is the first study to show that suvorexant has a generally comparable risk of fracture as compared to Z‐drugs. Further research is needed to investigate the potential short‐term increased risk of all‐cause fracture requiring surgery among suvorexant initiators.
Rifaximin protects against circadian rhythm disruption–induced cognitive impairment through preventing gut barrier damage and neuroinflammation
Authors: Meng Dongli , Yang Mengzhe , Hu Lilin , Liu Tonglin , Zhang Huiliang , Sun Xuying , Wang Xiaochuan , Chen Yu , Jin Yu , Liu Rong
Published: October 2022

Circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) is a potential risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanistic link between CRD and AD is still not fully understood. CRD may lead to intestinal barrier impairment. Several studies in animals and humans suggest a connection between gut microbiota disturbance, intestinal barrier damage and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of CRD on cognition in mice and explored the role of intestinal barrier and inflammatory responses in this process. CRD modulates the composition of gut microbiota, impairs intestinal barrier integrity, and induces both peripheral and central inflammation and cognitive impairment in mice. Rifaximin, a non‐absorbable antibiotic which modulates the gut microbial composition and increases intestinal barrier integrity, effectively suppresses inflammatory responses, and rescues cognitive impairment induced by CRD. Furthermore, the impairment in hippocampal neurogenesis, tau hyperphosphorylation, and loss in synaptic proteins in CRD mice is also reversed by Rifaximin. These data identify that the impaired intestinal barrier integrity related to gut microbiota disturbance plays a key role in CRD‐induced inflammatory responses and cognitive impairments in mice, and Rifaximin is effective in preventing CRD‐induced cognitive deficit through protecting the gut barrier and ameliorating neuroinflammation.

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Delayed egg introduction beyond infancy and increased egg allergy risk in childhood
Authors: Martone Giulia M , Lehman Heather K , Rideout Todd C , Choudhary Divya , Cameron Claire E , Oken Emily , Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl L , Camargo Carlos A , Gold Diane R , Wen Xiaozhong
Published: October 2022

Aim

Egg is a major food allergen in childhood. Recent studies suggest that early introduction of allergenic foods can decrease the risk of developing egg allergy. The impact of early egg introduction in the general population is unclear. We examined associations between age of infant egg introduction and childhood egg allergy outcomes in a general population.

Methods

The study population consisted of 1217 neonates from Project Viva, a longitudinal pre‐birth cohort in eastern Massachusetts area, USA. Mothers reported age of infant egg introduction and child egg allergy using questionnaires and specific IgE to egg white was assayed. We estimated associations between age of infant egg introduction and egg allergy outcomes using Log‐binomial regression models, adjusting for socio‐demographics and health confounders.

Results

Egg allergy at 2 years was significantly higher (8.0% vs. 1.4%, P < 0.0001) in children who had delayed egg introduction beyond infancy, compared with children who were introduced to egg during infancy (adjusted relative risk or aRR 7.58; 95% CI 3.08, 18.61). At 12 years, the risk of egg allergy remained significantly higher (3.9% vs. 1.1%, P = 0.048) in children with delayed egg introduction compared with children introduced to egg during infancy (aRR 4.07; 95% CI 1.20, 13.87).

Conclusions

Infants with delayed introduction of eggs after 12 months had increased risk of egg allergy in childhood (2 years) and the relationship persisted in early adolescence (12 years). Our findings suggest that introduction to eggs before 12 months could contribute to the prevention of egg allergy.
Frequency and risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Gamage Isuru , Dhar Arup , Tregaskis Peter , Wilson Scott
Published: October 2022

Objective

There is limited data on cognition in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). We assessed prevalence and associated risk factors of neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in PD patients.

Design and Methods

A cross‐sectional cohort study of 149 PD patients at a single centre between 2016 and 2020 who underwent neurocognitive screening at defined intervals by Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination – Revised (ACE‐R) with incorporated Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). Paired‐sample t‐test was used to compare cognitive performance to the general population and compare cohorts for dichotomous risk factors. Residual renal function (RRF) and clearance kinetics were evaluated using local regression models. Sub‐analysis was performed in patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD).

Results

Patients on PD performed poorly in ACE‐R screening compared to population norms, with discrepancy in all cognitive domains. In patients without CVD, attention and language domains were comparable to norms. The MMSE detected cognitive impairment in 2% of studied patients, significantly fewer than when the ACE‐R was applied (32%). Age, gender, diabetic status and depression were associated with lower neurocognitive screening performance (p < .05). Dialysis vintage beyond 12 months conferred poorer cognitive performance. RRF correlated with cognitive performance.

Conclusion

Patients on PD have higher prevalence of NCI than the general population, primarily with impairments in memory, fluency and visuospatial reasoning. CVD confers poorer performance in attention and language domains. The MMSE is ineffective in detecting subtle NCI in this population compared with ACE‐R. Risk factors for NCI include age, gender, diabetic status, depression and vintage beyond 12 months. Protective factors include RRF.
The impact of oil prices on world trade
Authors: Brancaccio Giulia , Kalouptsidi Myrto , Papageorgiou Theodore
Published: October 2022

In this article, we investigate the importance of fuel costs in shaping trade. We use AIS data on ship locations and transaction‐level shipping prices, along with a dynamic model describing the shipping industry, to measure the elasticity of bulk goods trade with respect to ship fuel costs. We find that the average estimated elasticity is 0.35, but ranges from 0.1 to about 1.2 depending on the level of the fuel cost. The pass‐through of fuel costs to transport costs is low, at 0.17. Strikingly, this elasticity features a pronounced asymmetry in low versus high oil prices. As fuel costs decline, the elasticity plateaus and further declines have little impact on trade. This “flattening out” of the elasticity is attributed to the equilibrium of the transportation sector and in particular the changes in the relative bargaining positions of ships and exporters. Finally, we use the estimated elasticity to assess the importance of ship design on trade flows: if the large fuel efficiency gains achieved in the 1980s had not been realized, trade would be 12% lower today.
Social risks and active social citizenship—A cross‐national comparison of long‐term care policies for older people in European welfare states
Authors: Eggers Thurid
Published: October 2022

Due to demographic ageing, many welfare states have restructured their long‐term care (LTC) policies by simultaneously extending older people's social rights to publicly‐funded care and strengthening their active role in handling their care situation. By doing so, they are increasingly constructing older people as active social citizens. However, the consequences of this shift for older people's social risks are controversial and whether it comes at the cost of public responsibility for ensuring sufficient care provision. Therefore, this study investigates to what extent European welfare states differ in terms of how they conceptualise older people as active social citizens in their LTC policies and how these differences affect older people's social risks. It introduces an innovative typology to classify LTC policies with respect to different approaches towards active social citizenship and related social risks. It applies this approach to a cross‐national comparison of five European countries using data on LTC policy regulations, comparative policy databases and secondary literature. The findings indicate that European LTC policies promote active social citizenship to different degrees and that we have to consider whether strengthening older people's active role coexists with generous social rights to publicly‐funded care in order to understand the consequences for their social risks.
Three-Dimensional Printing of Highly Conducting PEDOT: PSS-Based Polymers
Authors: Wang Xinnian , Plog Jevon , Lichade Ketki M. , Yarin Alexander L. , Pan Yayue
Published: October 2022

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most successful conducting polymers for electronic applications. Most commonly, the spin coating process is used to fabricate PEDOT:PSS thin films from an aqueous solution, yet it is unsuitable for fabricating complicated two-dimensional (2D) structures. Extrusion-based additive manufacturing (AM) processes have been investigated for 3D printing PEDOT:PSS-based polymers with free-form architecture. However, such methods imply strict requirements on the rheological properties of materials and, as a result, have limited choices of appropriate materials. In the past, additives have been added to improve the 3D printing processability of PEDOT:PSS materials, which, however, usually deteriorate the electrical conductivity. This article reports a new type of PEDOT:PSS material capable of addressing the previously listed challenges and characterized by high processability and electrical conductivity (72 S/cm). In addition, a novel extrusion-based AM technology, electrostatically-assisted direct ink writing (eDIW), is investigated for printing materials containing PEDOT:PSS. The eDIW method prints lines at micro-scale resolution at an ultra-high speed (1.72 m/s). This combination is often deemed impossible in the framework of classical extrusion-based AM techniques. This work lays the foundation for future explorations of applications of PEDOT:PSS-based conducting polymers in fields that require superb properties and custom geometry, which were conventionally impossible.
Occlusion of upper limb artery pseudoaneurysms with US-guided fibrin glue injection: a valid minimally invasive treatment option? Two case reports.
Authors: Laimer Gregor , Deeg Johannes , Gruber Hannes , Skalla-Oberherber Elisabeth , Scharll Yannick , Loizides Alexander
Published: October 2022

Arterial pseudoaneurysms (PSAs) typically occur after (iatrogenic) damage (i.e., puncture) to the arterial wall and are the most frequent complication following percutaneous interventions.In this article we report on successful treatments of two iatrogenic PSAs in two patients (87-year-old male; 69-yearold-female) with a brachial (10 x 7 mm; 10 mm-length “neck”) and radial (17 x 7 mm; 3 mm-length “neck”) artery PSA by US-guided fibrin glue injection (UGFI). Both PSAs were effectively occluded without any complications. To our knowledge this is the first report on successful treatments of upper limb artery PSAs using UGFI, which may represent a valid first-line, minimally invasive treatment option for brachial artery PSA.
A time series analysis model of the relationship between psychoacoustic parameters of urban soundscape spatial sequences and emotional changes
Authors: Han Zhihui , Kang Jian , Meng Qi
Published: October 2022

A listening test was conducted with 32 participants to obtain data on emotional changes in response to three types of urban soundscape spatial sequences. By establishing a time series model, the relationship between psychoacoustic parameters of the sequence and changes in the two dimensions of emotion was determined. Results showed that psychoacoustic parameters can explain 44% and 40%–49% of the changes in the pleasantness and arousal dimensions of emotion, respectively. Roughness and fluctuation have the highest correlation with emotional changes, while loudness and articulation index have the lowest correlation with emotional changes. This research verified the lags between psychoacoustic changes in the soundscape and the associated perceived emotion. First, there was a 3–4 s lag between psychoacoustic parameters and emotional changes. Second, changes in roughness and loudness could cause synchronous changes in emotions, while other parameters could cause delayed changes in emotions. Finally, the lag of emotion had a strong and stable explanatory power for emotional changes. This research proves the effectiveness of the time series analysis technology in establishing the dynamic relationship between the acoustic parameters of soundscape sequences and the second-by-second perceived emotions and provides a new data analysis method for in-depth study of soundscape sequence perception.
Rayleigh limit extended: Scattering from a fluid sphere
Authors: Sarkar Kausik
Published: October 2022

The Reflections series takes a look back on historical articles from The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America that have had a significant impact on the science and practice of acoustics.
How can vocal folds oscillate with a limited mucosal wave?
Authors: Titze Ingo R.
Published: October 2022

Self-sustained vocal fold vibration is possible with either or both of two mechanisms: (1) a mucosal wave propagating along the medial surface of the vocal folds and (2) a vocal tract that offers inertive reactance. A quantitative comparison shows the mucosal wave mechanism has a lower threshold pressure and a higher glottal efficiency, but the supraglottal inertance mechanism can assist in the oscillation and is effective in optimizing the two mechanisms. It is concluded that optimal parameters are a mucosal wave velocity on the order of 1 m/s and a diameter of the larynx canal (epilarynx tube) on the order of 0.8 cm.
Canonical correlation analysis as a statistical method to relate underwater acoustic propagation and ocean fluctuations
Authors: L'Her Alexandre , Drémeau Angélique , Le Courtois Florent , Real Gaultier , Cristol Xavier , Stéphan Yann
Published: October 2022

Numerical models are currently used to understand how environmental fluctuations impact acoustic propagation. Such a process can be tedious in complex fluctuating environments. This letter proposes a complementary approach based upon canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to determine statistical relationships between two sets of observed acoustic and oceanographic variables. It is shown, as an example, how CCA puts forward the impact of external and internal tide on shallow water propagation. Results are consistent with the physical understanding of tide impact on acoustic propagation. They encourage the use of CCA for complex studies, in particular, for environments fluctuating under several environmental phenomena.
Injury Surveillance and Training Load Methods Used by Health Professionals in Tennis: An Online Multinational Survey
Authors: Méndez Diego H. , Policastro Pablo O. , De Oliveira Silva Danilo
Published: October 2022

Context: Injury surveillance and training load monitoring are both essential for the development of preventative strategies for gradual-onset musculoskeletal injuries in elite sport. Our aim was to survey health professionals working with elite tennis players on whether and how they monitor injuries and training load. Design: A cross-sectional multinational online open-survey. Methods: The survey was developed and advertised in English, Spanish, and Portuguese languages on social media channels, a tennis academic journal, professional tennis associations, and clinical networks of the research team, from December 2020 to April 2021. Results: 72 health professionals from 27 different countries working with elite tennis players responded to the survey. Injury surveillance is performed by 94% (68/72) of the survey respondents, with only 10% (7/68) using the consensus-recommended Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaire. Most common barriers identified by health professionals to injury surveillance are time constraints (66%), lack of knowledge (43%), and technology (31%). Training load monitoring is performed by 50% (36/72) of the health professionals working with elite tennis players. Main metrics monitored are weekly differences in training load (72%) and acute:chronic workload ratio (58%). Most common reasons for training load monitoring are injury prevention (94%), training planning (81%), and player feedback (53%). Conclusions: Despite a high percentage of health professionals implementing injury surveillance metrics, most of them do not use any validated method. Only half of health professionals working with elite tennis players monitor training load. Lack of knowledge and technology were the main barriers reported for adequately monitoring injuries.
Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Revealing the Improved ε-Poly-
l
-Lysine Production Induced by a Microbial Call from Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Zeng Xin , Zhang Chen , Yue Chaoping , Su Zhiwei , Tai Baoyan , Tang Hui , Zeng Huawei , Xin Bingyue , Zhu Mingzhi
Published: October 2022

This work identified the role of microbial elicitors on ε-PL production and disclosed the underlying mechanism through analysis of gene transcription, key enzyme activities, and intracellular metabolite pools, including transcriptome and metabolome analysis. It was the first report for the inducing effects of the “microbial call” to
Streptomyces albulus
and ε-PL biosynthesis, and these elicitors could be potentially obtained from decayed fruits infected by
Botrytis cinerea
; hence, this may be a way of turning a biohazard into bioproduct wealth.
Structural and Mechanistic Bases of Viral Resistance to HIV-1 Capsid Inhibitor Lenacapavir
Authors: Bester Stephanie M. , Adu-Ampratwum Daniel , Annamalai Arun S. , Wei Guochao , Briganti Lorenzo , Murphy Bridget C. , Haney Reed , Fuchs James R. , Kvaratskhelia Mamuka
Published: October 2022

LEN is an investigational long-acting agent for future HIV-1 treatment regimens. While ongoing clinical trials have highlighted a largely beneficial profile of LEN for the treatment of HIV-1 infected people with limited therapy options, one notable shortcoming is a relatively low barrier of viral resistance to the inhibitor.
Evolution of Quorum Sensing in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Can Occur via Loss of Function and Regulon Modulation
Authors: Jayakumar Priyanikha , Figueiredo Alexandre R. T. , Kümmerli Rolf
Published: October 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
uses quorum sensing (QS), a three-unit multilayered network, to coordinate expression of traits required for growth and virulence in the context of infections. Despite its importance for bacterial fitness, the QS regulon appears to be a common mutational target during long-term adaptation of
P. aeruginosa
in the host, natural environments, and experimental evolutions.
Multiomics Analysis Reveals Aberrant Metabolism and Immunity Linked Gut Microbiota with Insomnia
Authors: Wang Qinghua , Chen Bin , Sheng Dashuang , Yang Junjie , Fu Shujie , Wang Jingwen , Zhao Changying , Wang Yihui , Gai Xiangzhen , Wang Jianfeng , Stirling Kyle , Heng Xueyuan , Man Honghao , Zhang Lei
Published: October 2022

Our study indicated that systematic inflammation and metabolites might be a pathway linking the gut microbiome with insomnia. These findings provide new insights and a better understanding of gut microbiota's role in insomnia as well as potential novel microbiome-related etiologies for insomnia.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induces Interferon-β Production to Promote Intracellular Survival
Authors: Yang Ling , Zhang Yu-Wei , Liu Yang , Xie Ying-Zhou , Weng Dong , Ge Bao-Xue , Liu Hai-Peng , Xu Jin-Fu
Published: October 2022

The link between innate immunity and intracellular
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is unclear. Our studies illuminated the role of interferon-β (IFN-β) in remote intracellular PA infection. Furthermore, our experimental evidence also indicated that IL-1β is a negative regulator of IFN-β production and, in particular,
P. aeruginosa
infection. The inhibition of IFN-β may be used as a potential therapeutic method against pulmonary PA infection.
Combinations of Host- and Virus-Targeting Antiviral Drugs Confer Synergistic Suppression of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Wagoner Jessica , Herring Shawn , Hsiang Tien-Ying , Ianevski Aleksandr , Biering Scott B. , Xu Shuang , Hoffmann Markus , Pöhlmann Stefan , Gale Michael , Aittokallio Tero , Schiffer Joshua T. , White Judith M. , Polyak Stephen J.
Published: October 2022

Imagine a future viral pandemic where if you test positive for the new virus, you can quickly take some medicines at home for a few days so that you do not get too sick. To date, only single drugs have been approved for outpatient use against SARS-CoV-2, and we are learning that these have some limitations and may succumb to drug resistance.
Maternal sepsis caused byListeria monocytogeneswith a fatal fetal outcome
Authors: Dunphy Louise , Polkampali Mamatha , Simmons William , Fowler Grace
Published: October 2022

Improving maternal and child health is a global priority. Although infection withListeria monocytogenes(LM), a small facultative anaerobic, gram-positive motile bacillus is rare, when it infects the maternal-fetoplacental unit, it can result in adverse fetal sequelae such as chorioamnionitis, preterm labour, neonatal sepsis, meningitis and neonatal death. Pregnancy-associated listeriosis may present with a plethora of diverse, non-specific symptoms such as fever, influenza-like or gastrointestinal symptoms, premature contractions and preterm labour. It has a predilection for the second and third trimester of pregnancy, occurring sporadically or as part of an outbreak, most of which have involved unpasteurised dairy products, long shelf life products, contaminated ready-to-eat food, deli meats and soft cheeses. Strains belonging to the clonal complexes 1, 4 and 6 are hypervigilant and are commonly associated with maternal-neonatal infections. Maternal listeriosis occurs as a direct consequence of LM-specific placental tropism, which is mediated by the conjugated action of internalin A and internalin B at the placental barrier. The diagnosis is established from placental culture. Penicillin, ampicillin and amoxicillin are the antimicrobials of choice. It has a high fetal morbidity of up to 30%. The authors present the case of a multiparous woman in her early 20s presenting with sepsis and preterm premature rupture of her membranes at 21 weeks gestation. A live baby was delivered spontaneously and died shortly after birth. Placental cultures and postmortem examination were consistent with the diagnosis of disseminatedListeriainfection. Due to the increased susceptibility of pregnant women for LM, a high index of clinical suspicion is required to establish the diagnosis and initiate appropriate antimicrobial therapy to reduce adverse fetal outcomes.
Palatal perforation in a patient with borderline lepromatous leprosy: leprosy still not eradicated
Authors: Anand Preetha , Bharadwaj Sujana , Ganguly Satyaki , Rao Santhosh
Published: October 2022

Leprosy was eliminated globally in 2000, but it continues to be endemic in developing countries like India, Brazil and Indonesia, with a prevalence of 0.57/10 000 persons in India (2020). At the end of the year 2020, the prevalence was 129 389, and oral manifestation of the leprosy is luncommon. We hereby report a case of a female patient in her late 30s who presented with palatal perforation. Following a thorough history taking and full body clinical examination, we arrived at a diagnosis of leprosy, and prompt treatment was initiated. Knowledge of cases like this becomes important as the oral lesion is said to form an essential source of leprosy dissemination in the community, and awareness about them becomes crucial, demanding immediate attention.
Optic ataxia in a patient with HaNDL syndrome
Authors: Rivas Ruvalcaba Francisco , Moreno-Cortez Katia Mabiel , Badial-Ochoa Sandra , Rodriguez-Leyva Ildefonso
Published: October 2022

We present a woman in her 40s who arrived at the emergency room with hypertension and optic ataxia. Her medical history is only relevant for obesity. Her lumbar puncture revealed high intracranial pressure and lymphocytic pleocytosis, and her neuroimaging tests, including angiography and venography, were normal. The patient improved after a cerebrospinal fluid drainage with a lumbar puncture, and her clinical manifestations resolved in parallel to the lymphocytic pleocytosis.

The patient was diagnosed with a syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis and fully recovered 21 days after her discharge.
Real-world clinical and molecular management of 50 prospective patients with microphthalmia, anophthalmia and/or ocular coloboma
Authors: Harding Philippa , Gore Sri , Malka Samantha , Rajkumar Jayashree , Oluonye Ngozi , Moosajee Mariya
Published: October 2022

Background/aims

Microphthalmia, anophthalmia and coloboma (MAC) are clinically and genetically heterogenous rare developmental eye conditions, which contribute to a significant proportion of childhood blindness worldwide. Clear understanding of MAC aetiology and comorbidities is essential to providing patients with appropriate care. However, current management is unstandardised and molecular diagnostic rates remain low, particularly in those with unilateral presentation. To further understanding of clinical and genetic management of patients with MAC, we charted their real-world experience to ascertain optimal management pathways and yield from molecular analysis.

Methods

A prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with MAC referred to the ocular genetics service at Moorfields Eye Hospital between 2017–2020.

Results

Clinical analysis of 50 MAC patients (15 microphthalmia; 2 anophthalmia; 11 coloboma; and 22 mixed) from 44 unrelated families found 44% had additional ocular features (complex) and 34% had systemic involvement, most frequently intellectual/developmental delay (8/17). Molecular analysis of 39 families using targeted gene panels, whole genome sequencing and microarray comparative genomic hybridisation identified genetic causes in, 28% including novel variants in six known MAC genes (
SOX2
,
KMT2D
,
MAB21L2
,
ALDH1A3
,
BCOR
and
FOXE3
), and a molecular diagnostic rate of 33% for both bilateral and unilateral cohorts. New phenotypic associations were found for
FOXE3
(bilateral sensorineural hearing loss) and
MAB21L2
(unilateral microphthalmia).

Conclusion

This study highlights the importance of thorough clinical and molecular phenotyping of MAC patients to provide appropriate multidisciplinary care. Routine genetic testing for both unilateral and bilateral cases in the clinic may increase diagnostic rates in the future, helping elucidate genotype–phenotype correlations and informing genetic counselling.
Emulating the GRADE trial using real world data: retrospective comparative effectiveness study
Authors: Deng Yihong , Polley Eric C , Wallach Joshua D , Dhruva Sanket S , Herrin Jeph , Quinto Kenneth , Gandotra Charu , Crown William , Noseworthy Peter , Yao Xiaoxi , Lyon Timothy D , Shah Nilay D , Ross Joseph S , McCoy Rozalina G
Published: October 2022

Objective

To emulate the GRADE (Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study) trial using real world data before its publication. GRADE directly compared second line glucose lowering drugs for their ability to lower glycated hemoglobin A
1c
(HbA
1c
).

Design

Observational study.

Setting

OptumLabs® Data Warehouse (OLDW), a nationwide claims database in the US, 25 January 2010 to 30 June 2019.

Participants

Adults with type 2 diabetes and HbA
1c
6.8-8.5% while using metformin monotherapy, identified according to the GRADE trial specifications, who also used glimepiride, liraglutide, sitagliptin, or insulin glargine.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome was time to HbA
1c
≥7.0%. Secondary outcomes were time to HbA
1c
>7.5%, incident microvascular complications, incident macrovascular complications, adverse events, all cause hospital admissions, and all cause mortality. Propensity scores were estimated using the gradient boosting machine method, and inverse propensity score weighting was used to emulate randomization of the treatment groups, which were then compared using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

8252 people were identified (19.7% of adults starting the study drugs in OLDW) who met eligibility criteria for the GRADE trial (glimepiride arm=4318, liraglutide arm=690, sitagliptin arm=2993, glargine arm=251). The glargine arm was excluded from analyses owing to small sample size. Median times to HbA
1c
≥7.0% were 442 days (95% confidence interval 394 to 480 days) for glimepiride, 764 (741 to not calculable) days for liraglutide, and 427 (380 to 483) days for sitagliptin. Liraglutide was associated with lower risk of reaching HbA
1c
≥7.0% compared with glimepiride (hazard ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.43 to 0.75) and sitagliptin (0.55, 0.41 to 0.73). Results were consistent for the secondary outcome of time to HbA
1c
>7.5%. No significant differences were observed among treatment groups for the remaining secondary outcomes.

Conclusions

In this emulation of the GRADE trial, liraglutide was statistically significantly more effective at maintaining glycemic control than glimepiride or sitagliptin when added to metformin monotherapy. Generating timely evidence on medical treatments using real world data as a complement to prospective trials is of value.