bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Kiss of the Shekhinah: Narratives of Human and Divine Motherhood in the Holocaust
Authors: RAPHAEL MELISSA
Published: November 2019

During the Holocaus Jewish mothers and their children were treated by the Nazis not as non-combatants but as enemies posing a direct racial threat to the Reich. This paper will use the recent research into gender and the Holocaust and oral histories of mothers and daughters who survived the Holocaust to show how woment experienced and resisted that status as "enemies" of the Reich. And more to the theological point, this paper will explore how those mothers' suffering and resistance to their own and their children's suffering signals towards another model of convenantal relation between God and Israel where God's promise to Israel in Leviticus 26: "I will be ever in your midst; I will be your God, and you shall be My people" need no longer be figured in terms of loyality and obedience to the commandment of an overbearing Lord.
PERSEPSI DAN MINAT PERILAKU WISATAWAN : KAMPUNG KERIPIK DAN TEMPE SANAN SEBAGAI TUJUAN WISATA OLEH OLEH KHAS KOTA MALANG
Authors: Hanum Latifah , Worokinasih Saparila
Published: November 2019

Industri Keripik dan Tempe Sanan sudah berdiri sejak lama yaitu sejak tahun 1960-an. Keberadaan Kampung Keripik dan Tempe Sanan sebagai pusat oleh-oleh khas Kota Malang, sudah banyak diketahui oleh warga Malang Raya. Namun saat ini banyak sekali kompetitor baru sebagai tujuan wisata oleh-oleh khas Kota Malang bermunculan yang bisa menjadi ancaman bagi keberadaan Kampung Keripik dan Tempe Sanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji sikap, norma subjektif dan persepsi kontrol perilaku terhadap minat perilaku wisatawan berkunjung ke Kampung Keripik dan Tempe Sanan dengan pendekatan model Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) oleh Ajzen (2005). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dalam pengambilan data. Tipe penelitian menggunakan explanatory research. Sampel penelitian ini adalah wisatawan yang berkunjung ke Kota Malang (Indonesia) yang pernah mengunjungi Kampung Keripik dan Tempe Sanan. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi bagi paguyuban Kampung Keripik dan Tempe Sanan untuk lebih kreatif dan inovatif dalam mengembangkan kawasan tujuan wisata oleh-oleh khas kota Malang. Selanjutnya dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi pemerintah daerah dalam meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) dengan menjadikan Kampung Keripik dan Tempe Sanan sebagai destinasi wisata oleh-oleh utama di Kota Malang
DISRUPTIVE TREND AND TAX POTENTIAL : THE CASE OF FOOD TRUCKS
Authors: Asmoro Priandhita Sukowidyanti , Nurlaily Ferina , Aini Edlyn Khurotul
Published: November 2019

At present, we are facing a new era, namely, era disruption. In the business world, there are still many people who misinterpret disruption as extensive use of information technology in business processes or what is known as a digital business. Disruption is an innovation. Disruption is destructive and creative. For some businesses, the emergence of a disruptive trend is considered an opportunity rather than an obstacle. In the culinary business, the disruptive trend has been responded to by the growth of the food truck business in recent years. Although food trucks are considered as a new business model that offers many benefits, the existence of a food truck business turns out to also cause problems for tax revenues. Until now, food trucks are still an informal business sector in almost all regions in Indonesia because they have not been legalized, including in Sidoarjo Regency. Therefore, a food truck is also a group of Hard to Tax, is a group of taxpayers, whether individuals or entities involved in a cash transaction and not registered as a taxpayer. From the regulator's side, the food truck business is considered as a party born without following the applicable legal rules. They create innovations that violate the law, even, do not pay taxes that cause a loss of potential tax revenue, including local taxes. However, this is contrary to the disruption theory, which states that disruption in the business world is positive, and the government should respond by creating disruptive regulation. The government must be able to create tax policies that can maximize the potential for tax revenues without having to hamper business growth and innovation. This study attempts to analyze the potential expansion of the restaurant tax object on the food truck business using qualitative methods. Data collection is done by interviewing local tax policymakers and food truck business people. The results of this study indicate that the food truck business can be used as the object of restaurant tax because it fulfills the Laffer Theory concept and the criteria of Sidoarjo Regency Regional Regulation Number 8/2010 about Restaurant Taxes.
IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI WISATA DAN PERMASALAHAN PENGEMBANGAN DESTINASI WISATA BAHARI DI PULAU GILI LABAK KABUPATEN SUMENEP
Authors: Dewantara Rizki Yudhi , Supriono Supriono
Published: November 2019

Pulau Gili Labak atau yang lebih dikenal dengan Wisata Gili Labak merupakan salah satu jenis wisata bahari yang terletak di sebuah pulau kecil Madura. Pulau Gili Labak saat ini sudah mulai dikembangkan di Kabupaten Sumenep karena memiliki potensi keindahan alam berupa pertumbuhan terumbu karang yang cukup baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif bertujuan untuk melakukan identifikasi potensi wisata pulau Gili Labak dan identifikasi permasalahan pengembangan destinasi wisata di sana. Sumber data diperoleh dari informan, observasi, dokumen, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pulau Gili Labak di Kabupaten Sumenep pada dasarnya adalah satu-satunya objek wisata bahari yang ada di Kabupaten Sumenep yang memiliki potensi yang cukup potensial untuk dikembangkan. Jika potensi wisata yang ada di Pulau Gili Labak mampu dimanfaatkan dan dikelola secara maksimal oleh seluruh stakeholders yang terkait didalamnya, maka Pulau Gili Labak akan menjadi sebuah objek wisata yang mampu mendongkrak perekonomian masyarakat di daerahnya. Namun pada kenyataannya, Pulau Gili Labak masih dapat dikatakan belum mampu dikelola dan dimanfaatkan secara maksimal oleh para stakeholders pariwisata khususnya dari masyarakat lokal karena memiliki berbagai macam permasalahan, antara lain: Masyarakat kurang berperan aktif dalam kegiatan pengembangan destniasi wisata, Masyarakat lebih menyukai pekerjaan sebagai nelayan dibandingkan dengan kegiatan pariwisata, dan Masyarakat lokal masih awam dengan kegiatan pariwisata.
PELAKSANAAN KEGIATAN KOMPETISI DERAP EKRAFPRENEUR HASANAH MULIA (DEUREUHAM) TAHUN 2018
Authors: Dassaad Dassaad , Riyanti Riyanti , Lasminiasih Lasminiasih
Published: November 2019

Permodalan merupakan salah satu bentuk syarat dalam menjalankan usaha atau bisnis, dengan adanya modal maka usaha dapat berjalan dengan baik dan membentuk usaha baru. Untuk dapat menciptakan wirausaha baru maka diperlukan terobosan yang baru, untuk itu Bekraf dan bank BNI Syariah membuat suatu terobosan dengan membuat program kompetisi usaha yaitu Derap Ekrafpreneur Hasanah Mulia (Deureuham). Deureuham merupakan kompetisi usaha di bidang ekraf yang berbasis ekonomi syariah, dimana Bekraf dan BNI Syariah bekerjasama mengembangkan wirausahawan (entrepreneur) ekonomi kreatif (ekraf) berbasis syariah di Indonesia. BNI Syariah memiliki misi sebagai hasanah banking partner untuk menebar kebaikan kepada umat serta fokus membesarkan ekonomi syariah melalui pembiayaan halal ekonomi tahun 2018. Sehingga, BNI Syariah menyambut baik kolaborasi dengan Bekraf dalam membantu memfasilitasi akses permodalan kepada entrepreneur muda tangguh, kreatif, dan inovatif Indonesia sebagai industri yang terkait dengan halal ekosistem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sistem pelaksanan dan tingkat kemampuan wirausaha dalam mengikuti kompetisi Deureuham. Objek Penelitian ini adalah wirausaha atau UKM yang mengikuti dan mendaftar melalui website dari berbagai kota seperti Surabaya (Jawa Timur), Makassar (Sulawesi Selatan), Jakarta, Palembang (Sumetera Selatan), dan Balikpapan (Kalimantan Timur). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah kegiatan acara Deureuham berjalan dengan baik, peserta yang mendaftar sebanyak 355 peserta. Peserta yang paling banyak mendaftar dari kota Jakarta sebanyak 25%. Serta Jenis usaha yang paling banyak mengikuti kompetisi adalah dari usaha kuliner sebanyak 64%. Dari hasil tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa tingkat wirausaha dalam mengikuti kegiatan kompetisi Deureuham cukup banyak. Usaha kuliner merupakan usaha yang sangat diminati dan menjanjikan dalam dunia usaha
PENGATURAN PENYERAHAN PROTOKOL NOTARIS YANG TELAH MENINGGAL DUNIA DAN PRAKTEKNYA DI PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Rahman Yofi Permana
Published: November 2019

The Notary Protocol is a collection of documents that is a state archive that must be stored and maintained by a Notary. Regarding the Notary protocol and its submission are regulated in article 63 UUJN and UUJN. If the Notary dies, the Notary protocol shall be submitted by the heir to the MPD or other Notary Public. The purpose of this writing is to analyze the provisions of the Law on the Submission of Notary Protocols who have died, their practices and the responsibilities of the heirs to the Notary Protocol and legal actions taken by the MPD for the Notary Protocol that have not been submitted. This research uses an empirical juridical approach method. Article 63 UUJN and UUJNP have been explained regarding the surrender of the notary protocol that has died, but in practice there is a discrepancy with the applicable regulations, this is due to the lack of education and socialization from the Notary himself to the heirs or his family. If the Notary Protocol is not immediately submitted to the Notary Recipient of the protocol, then the MPD as a Notary supervisory agency is authorized to take the notary protocol that has not been submitted and give it to the Notary recipient of the Notary protocol. In carrying out his position as the notary recipient of the protocol, of course there must be a legal basis in the form of a Decree from the Minister of Law and Human Rights regarding the appointment of a Notary Public receiving the Notary Protocol, but in practice there are still notaries who have not yet received the Decree, this is due to the inadequacy of the decision of the MPD by the Minister of Justice and Human Rights.
PENINGKATAN HAK GUNA BANGUNAN RUMAH TINGGAL DIBEBANI HAK TANGGUNGAN MENJADI HAK MILIK DIATAS HAK PENGELOLAAN
Authors: Dewi Aflinda
Published: November 2019

The time period given to Building Utilization Rights for houses and used as collateral for debts by the Debtor, will cause legal problems in the future, the debtor does not have legal certainty regarding his rights, and for Creditors it will be difficult to sell in the event of bad credit. Debtor based on PerMenAg / Ka. The Land Agency Number 5 of 1998, can apply for an increase in ownership rights without paying off the debt first. Requests for increased rights can be processed after the Debtor has received written approval from the Creditors. For the continuity of credit guarantee prior to HM Upgrade, SKMHT is made. This article is based on the implementation of the Increased Right to Use for Residential Buildings which are burdened with Underwriting rights to Ownership Rights at the Land Office of Padang City by using the Empirical Juridical Method, where the author conducts research directly into the Padang City land office. Conclusion of the implementation of increasing use rights of residential buildings which are burdened with mortgage rights at the Land Office based on the Minister of Religion / Head of BPB No. 5 of 1998, carried out according to the procedure, does not take a long time and costs a lot.
PROBLEMATIKA PELAKSANAAN ABORSI BAGI KORBAN PERKOSAAN DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 36 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG KESEHATAN
Authors: Fitri Z Yenny
Published: November 2019

Rape is a frightening crime for women because the impact of rape is not only felt when the crime is committed, but also affects the future. One of them is an unwanted pregnancy. For rape victims, the choice of continuing an unwanted pregnancy or having an abortion is an equally difficult choice. Basically, abortion is clearly a prohibited act, both legally, morally, ethically, decently, and religiously. Although prohibited, abortion cases in Indonesia actually show an increase every year. In response to the problem of abortion for victims of rape, the government has given birth to Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health. However, since the legal umbrella was born, it has been minimal and in fact there have been almost no rape victims who have used this safe abortion practice as a way to abort their unwanted abortion. This happens because of problems in the field of practice, it is not as easy as the description of the theory set forth in the legislation. While almost every day rape victims continue to fall in all parts of Indonesia. To answer this problem, the author conducts research using normative juridical methods. Thus it is expected to be able to find problems or problems in the implementation of abortion for victims of rape based on Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health. The research shows that there are three problems in Law Number 36 Year 2009 regarding Health which makes it difficult for rape victims to obtain safe and legal abortion services. These problems include the maximum obstetrical age of 40 days for abortion for rape victims to be considered too short, the Ministry of Health has never prepared training requirements for medical personnel and counseling training for abortion for rape victims, then health services that meet the conditions set by the Minister is still very limited and cannot be easily accessed in any part of Indonesia. Therefore, the problematic implementation of legal and safe abortion for rape victims found in the Health Act must be immediately corrected, so that rape victims do not return to become victims due to the implementation of unsafe illegal abortion practices.
Protective Resistance by Human G6PD Enzyme Deficiency and Hemoglobin Variants Against Malaria and Natural Selection: Further Evidence from Review of New Studies
Authors: ranbir Balgir
Published: November 2019

Main objective of this article is to review and evaluate recent red cell variant studies for protection against malaria and natural selection. Malaria is a parasitic disease highly widespread in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is also one of the leading causes of death worldwide and genes involved in malaria resistance are the most important for natural selection in human populations. Multiple red cell variants, which evolved probably to counter the lethal effects of malaria and confer protection against malaria through different mechanisms, show high frequencies in malaria endemic vulnerable populations. Different natural protective/resistance mechanisms including hampering of parasite growth, invasion related immunological responses or rapidly elimination of malaria parasite from the infected erythrocytes of host have briefly been discussed, evaluated, and reviewed. Conclusions drawn have been projected here. High frequency of inherited hemoglobin disorders including thalassemias, and red cell G6PD enzyme deficiency, which seemed to evolve simultaneously in relation to malaria, and high mortality caused by Plasmodium falciparum malaria in different vulnerable populations of tropical and subtropical parts of world, confirm that the natural selection is certainly operating against malaria in one way or another; and human population genetics have distinctly played a significant role in the co-evolution of host and malaria. The inverse relationship between sickle cell trait and G6PD deficiency and vice versa, revealed by allele frequencies distribution shown in our previous studies, is a testimony of disequilibrium, as sickle cell allele being replaced by G6PD deficiency allele in populations of central India. Positive natural selection plays a definite role against malaria for maintaining balance in high frequency endemic populations.
KEBIJAKAN PENCEGAHAN GERAKAN ISIS DI INDONESIA: PENDEKATAN SYSTEM DYNAMICS
Authors: Setiawan Asep
Published: November 2019

slamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) launch a campaign to recruit new followers around the world. ISIS uses direct and indirect pattern of recruitment with social media which is called cyber jihad and its network in many countries. With system dynamics approach, the article tries to understand how Indonesia’s government to response ISIS aggressive policy to expand its influence and its followers. It shows that if Indonesia does not act to prevent ISIS expansion, the country will be further target of this radical movement. Indonesia government employs deradicalisation program and military operation will give impact to minimize influence and recruitment ISIS.
Resensi Buku
Authors: Fathun Laode Muhamad
Published: November 2019

"Human Rights in International Relations"
QUALIDADE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DE ABOBRINHA ‘MENINA BRASILEIRA’ MINIMAMENTE PROCESSADA
Authors: De Paula Nascente Letícia , Coelho Beatriz Leão de Lacerda , Rosa de Araújo Isabela , Venâncio da Silva Geisiane
Published: November 2019

A abobrinha (Curcubita moschata) é versátil e possui grande aceitação pelos consumidores e sua produção pode colaborar com a agricultura familiar. Atendendo às profundas modificações do padrão de alimentação, com busca por alimentação mais saudável e fresca objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a qualidade físico-química de abobrinha ‘Menina Brasileira’ minimamente processada armazenada sob refrigeração. O estudo foi delineado em esquema fatorial (2 x 2 x 10) dois tipos de corte (rodelas de 5 mm e retalho), dois tratamentos (com e sem salmoura ácida) e 10 épocas de avaliação com intervalo de 3 dias. As avaliações físico-químicas foram de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e aparência. Notou-se melhor estabilidade físico-química e sensorial para os tratamentos com salmoura e também para o corte em fatia.
Development and Identification of Working Parameters for a Lychee Peeling Machine Combining Rollers and a Pressing Belt
Authors: Le Lu Minh , Nguyen Thong Chung , Pham Binh Thai , Ly Hai-Bang , Le Vuong Minh , Le Tien-Thinh
Published: November 2019

This work describes the development, design, and parameter identification of a lychee peeling machine. The working principle of the machine combines two rollers with a pressing belt to separate the peel from the fruits. It was designed and its operational parameters identified on the basis of experimental data on the Thieu lychee, which currently covers about 80% of the plantation area in Vietnam. To this end, the first step was to measure the physical characteristics of the fruits, such as size, shape, and density. Moreover, the coefficient of static friction between lychees and rubber rollers, and the critical peeling force, were identified, with a view to optimizing the operational parameters later on. Results showed that a minimum tangential force of 10.5 N is needed to break the peel and separate it from the pulp. Based on the balanced force principle, various optimal machine parameters such as roller rotation speed, roller diameter, roller length, gap size between the two rollers, belt velocity, and minimum pressure of the belt were calibrated. In addition, spiral grooves were created on the roller surface to facilitate the motion of the fruits. The optimal results were roller size 900 × 100 mm (length × diameter), rotation speed 159 RPM, gap size between rollers 4 mm, belt size 850 × 60 mm (length × width), belt pressure 13.5 N, and belt velocity 140 mm/s. Using the design and operational parameters mentioned above, the machine was able to perform regularly at a throughput of 100 kg/h, as demanded by the current market. Moreover, it would be easily feasible to combine multiple pairs of rollers and pressing belts in order to increase throughput. The methodology for the design of this peeling machine and identification of working parameters with respect to experimental data could be applied in many other post-harvesting configurations.
Investigating the Impact of Biostimulants on the Row Crops Corn and Soybean Using High-Efficiency Phenotyping and Next Generation Sequencing
Authors: Briglia Nunzio , Petrozza Angelo , Hoeberichts Frank A. , Verhoef Nathalie , Povero Giovanni
Published: November 2019

Row crops represent the most important crops in terms of global cultivated area. Such crops include soybean, corn, wheat, rice, rapeseed, sunflower, and cotton. Row crops agriculture is generally an intensive system of farming used to obtain high yields by employing elevated quantities of organic and mineral fertilizers. Considering this, and the decrease in area of arable land, it becomes crucial to ensure high yield and quality using alternative strategies, such as the use of plant biostimulants. These compounds are increasingly recognized as sustainable solution to optimize nutrient uptake, crop yield, quality, and tolerance to abiotic stresses. In this work, by means of high-throughput plant phenotyping, we evaluated the effectiveness of a set of three new foliar biostimulant prototypes (coded as 52096, 52097, 52113) applied on corn and soybean at application rates 2.5 and 5 mL/L (corresponding to 1 and 2 L/ha respectively). This allowed us to select the most effective prototype (52097, commercial name “YieldOn®”) in increasing digital biovolume (DB) and greener area (GGA) either in soybean (both application rates) or corn (rate 5 mL/L) and decreasing Stress Index (SI) in soybean (both application rates). Molecular mechanism of action of selected prototype 52097 was subsequently characterized through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). In corn, genes involved in hormone (cytokinin and auxin) metabolism/catabolism, maltose biosynthesis, sugar transport and phloem loading were upregulated after application of prototype 52097. In soybean, genes involved in nitrogen metabolism, metal ion transport (mainly zinc and iron), sulfate reduction, and amino acid biosynthesis were induced. The proposed approach supports the integration of multiple omics to open new perspectives in the discovery, evaluation, and development of innovative and sustainable solutions to meet the increasing needs of row-crops agriculture.
Optimization of Germination Inhibitors Elimination from Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Seeds of Different Maturity Classes
Authors: Salimi Zahra , Boelt Birte
Published: November 2019

Endogenous inhibitors have a crucial effect on the success of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) seed germination. The strength of this effect changes during seed maturation, and washing away these inhibitors can facilitate germination. Investigation of various washing factors such as water-to-seed ratio, stirring time, and speed of stirring on a mixed-maturity lot of sugar beet seeds revealed the significant effect of the interaction of all factors. Seeds with different maturity classes, from the same lot, were washed using procedures determined from the first experiment. Statistical analysis of the germination data of the washed seeds showed a significant difference in mean germination time depending on maturity class. Washing seeds of different maturity classes with 40 mL of water per gram of seed improved the germination performance of maturity classes 2 and 5, compared with 20 mL water per gram of seed. The UV absorbance of inhibitors washed from seeds differed between maturity classes. The change in seed moisture content during the washing process is another factor altered by the extent of seed development, and this variation in water uptake may reflect the pericarp structure of seed in different maturity classes. The findings in this manuscript highlight the importance of optimizing the pre-treatment procedures in accordance with the individual seed lot.
Species Interactions Improve Above-Ground Biomass and Land Use Efficiency in Intercropped Wheat and Chickpea under Low Soil Inputs
Authors: Latati Mourad , Dokukin Peter , Aouiche Adel , Rebouh Nazih Yacer , Takouachet Riad , Hafnaoui Elalia , Hamdani Fatima Zohra , Bacha Fadila , Ounane Sidi Mohamed
Published: November 2019

Little is known about how the performance of legumes symbiosis affects biomass and nutrient accumulation by intercropped cereals under the field condition. To assess the agricultural services of an intercropping system; durum wheat (Triticum turgidum durum L.cv. VITRON) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.cv. FLIP 90/13 C) were cultivated as both intercrops and sole cropping during two growing seasons under the field trial, to compare plant biomass, nodulation, N and phosphorus (P) uptake, and N nutrition index. Both the above-ground biomass and grain yield and consequently, the amount of N taken up by intercropped durum wheat increased significantly (44%, 48%, and 30%, respectively) compared with sole cropping during the two seasons. However, intercropping decreased P uptake by both durum wheat and chickpea. The efficiency in use of rhizobial symbiosis (EURS) for intercropped chickpea was significantly higher than for chickpea grown as sole cropping. The intercropped chickpea considerably increased N (49%) and P (75%) availability in durum wheat rhizosphere. In the case of chickpea shoot, the N nutrition (defined by the ratio between actual and critical N uptake by crop) and acquisition were higher in intercropping during only the first year of cropping. Moreover, biomass, grin yield, and resource (N and P) use efficiency were significantly improved, as indicated by higher land equivalent ratio (LER > 1) in intercropping over sole cropping treatments. Our findings suggest that change in the intercropped chickpea rhizosphere-induced parameters facilitated P and N uptake, above-ground biomass, grain yield, and land use efficiency for wheat crop.
Comparing the Grain Yields of Direct-Seeded and Transplanted Rice: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xu Le , Li Xiaoxiao , Wang Xinyu , Xiong Dongliang , Wang Fei
Published: November 2019

Conventional transplanted rice (TPR) has been increasingly replaced by direct-seeded rice (DSR) because of its low water and labour requirements. Whether and how DSR can be as productive as TPR has received widespread attention. Here, a comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to quantify the effects of direct seeding on rice yield and identify the management and environmental factors that contribute to the yield gap between DSR and TPR. The results showed that, overall, the yield of DSR was 12% lower than that of TPR. However, the yield loss of DSR relative to TPR was highly variable depending on management practices, soil type, and climate conditions, ranging from −2% to −42%. Weed and water management and climatic stress had the largest impact on yield performance, resulting in over 15% yield variation. With respect to soil properties, the yield gap can be significantly reduced by planting in areas with high organic carbon content, such as clayed and acidic soils. Furthermore, the DSR yield penalty was only 4% in a high-yielding condition compared to 14% in a low-yielding condition. All these factors indicate that optimizing management practices is necessary to improve DSR yield performance and narrow the yield gap between DSR and TPR. In conclusion, DSR could produce comparable yields to TPR but is more prone to yield losses due to inappropriate management practices, unsuitable soil properties, and climatic stresses.
Steeping of Biofortified Orange Maize Genotypes for Ogi Production Modifies Pasting Properties and Carotenoid Stability
Authors: Ortiz Darwin , Nkhata Smith G. , Rocheford Torbert , Ferruzzi Mario G.
Published: November 2019

Biofortified orange maize open-pollinated varieties and hybrids with higher provitamin A carotenoids (pVACs) have been released in sub-Saharan Africa and will be introduced throughout the local food systems. This study assessed the impact of steeping, a traditional processing method, on retention of carotenoids and starch pasting properties of porridges made from select biofortified maize genotypes. Steeping had a modest effect (<9% loss) on total carotenoid stability during relatively shorter steeping periods (<72 h). However, more extended steeping periods (up to 120 h) had a detrimental effect on total carotenoid recovery (61% loss). Xanthophylls showed greater stability (82% retention) compared to carotenes (30% retention) during subsequent wet cooking of fermented flours. Interestingly, steeping of maize did modify pasting properties, with peak viscosities increasing from 24–72 h of steeping potentially impacting cooking stability. These results suggest that steeping can impact carotenoid retention and potentially optimal steeping times would be 24–72 h for acceptable carotenoid retention.
Characteristics and Adoption Success of Shelter Dogs Assessed as Resource Guarders
Authors: McGuire Betty
Published: November 2019

Some domestic dogs aggressively guard resources. Canine resource guarding impacts public health through dog bites and affects dog welfare through adoption and euthanasia policies at animal shelters. However, little is known about the demographic characteristics and adoption success of dogs assessed as resource guarders during shelter behavioral evaluations. I reviewed nearly five years of records from a New York (NY) SPCA and categorized 1016 dogs by sex; age; size; reproductive status; and resource guarding. I then examined how these characteristics influenced the returns of dogs by adopters. The prevalence of resource guarding in this shelter dog population was 15%. Resource guarding was more common in adult and senior dogs than in juvenile dogs; and it was more common in small and large dogs than medium-sized dogs. Spayed females were more likely than intact females to guard food; neutered males and intact males did not differ in their likelihood of food guarding. Most dogs identified as resource guarders showed mild to moderate guarding. Severe guarders were more likely to be returned by adopters; although almost all were eventually re-adopted and not returned to the shelter. Data presented here provide the most comprehensive description of resource guarders in a shelter dog population and show the successful re-homing of most.
Effects of Probiotics as Antibiotics Substitutes on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters, Intestinal Morphology, and Barrier Function of Broilers
Authors: He Tengfei , Long Shenfei , Mahfuz Shad , Wu Di , Wang Xi , Wei Xiaoman , Piao Xiangshu
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the combination of probiotics replacing antibiotics on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, intestinal morphology, and expression of tight junction proteins in intestinal mucosa of broilers. A total of 168 Arbor Acres broilers (45.04 ± 0.92 g) were randomly divided into three treatments, with seven replicates per treatment, and eight broilers per replicate. The experiment included phases 1 (d 0 to 21) and 2 (d 21 to 42). The dietary treatments contained a corn soybean meal-based diet (control group; CON); an antibiotic group (basal diet + 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline; CTC), and a probiotics group (basal diet + probiotics (500 mg/kg in phase 1 and 300 mg/kg in phase 2; Bacillus subtilis 5 × 109 CFU/g, Bacillus licheniformis 2.5 × 1010 CFU/g and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1 × 109 CFU/g; PB). The results showed broilers fed PB had improved (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) in phase 1 and increased (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) in phase 2, as well as improved (p < 0.05) ADG and FCR overall (d 0 to 42). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, organic matter, gross energy, and crude protein was increased (p < 0.05) in broilers fed PB, while the ATTD of dry matter and organic matter was enhanced in broilers fed CTC compared with CON. Broilers fed PB showed increased (p < 0.05) serum total antioxidant capacity concentrations and tended to have higher (p = 0.06) level of serum immunoglobulin M in phase 1 compared with CON. These broilers also had increased (p < 0.05) level of serum immunoglobulin A in phase 2 in comparison with CON and CTC. Moreover, broilers fed CTC and PB showed increased (p = 0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum, as well as higher (p < 0.05) mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 in jejunum compared with CON. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with PB as chlortetracycline substitute could improve the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum antioxidant capacity, jejunal mucosal barrier function, and intestinal morphology of broilers.
Back to the Future: A Glance Over Wolf Social Behavior to Understand Dog–Human Relationship
Authors: Cordoni Giada , Palagi Elisabetta
Published: November 2019

This review focuses on wolf sociobiology to delineate the traits of cooperative baggage driven by natural selection (wolf-wolf cooperation) and better understand the changes obtained by artificial selection (dog-human cooperation). We selected some behaviors of the dog’s ancestors that provide the basis for the expression of a cooperative society, such as dominance relationships, leverage power, post-aggressive strategies, and playful dynamics between pack members. When possible, we tried to compare the data on wolves with those coming from the dog literature. Wolves can negotiate commodities when the interacting subjects occupy different ranking positions by bargaining social tolerance with helping and support. They are able to manage group disruption by engaging in sophisticated post-conflict maneuvers, thus restoring the relationship between the opponents and reducing the spreading of aggression in the group. Wolves engage in social play also as adults to manipulate social relationships. They are able to flexibly adjust their playful interactions to minimize the risk of escalation. Complex cognitive abilities and communicative skills are probably the main proximate causes for the evolution of inter-specific cooperation in wolves.
Genome–Scale Metabolic Networks Shed Light on the Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway in the Brown Algae Saccharina japonica and Cladosiphon okamuranus
Authors: Nègre Delphine , Aite Méziane , Belcour Arnaud , Frioux Clémence , Brillet-Guéguen Loraine , Liu Xi , Bordron Philippe , Godfroy Olivier , Lipinska Agnieszka P. , Leblanc Catherine , Siegel Anne , Dittami Simon M. , Corre Erwan , Markov Gabriel V.
Published: November 2019

Understanding growth mechanisms in brown algae is a current scientific and economic challenge that can benefit from the modeling of their metabolic networks. The sequencing of the genomes of Saccharina japonica and Cladosiphon okamuranus has provided the necessary data for the reconstruction of Genome–Scale Metabolic Networks (GSMNs). The same in silico method deployed for the GSMN reconstruction of Ectocarpus siliculosus to investigate the metabolic capabilities of these two algae, was used. Integrating metabolic profiling data from the literature, we provided functional GSMNs composed of an average of 2230 metabolites and 3370 reactions. Based on these GSMNs and previously published work, we propose a model for the biosynthetic pathways of the main carotenoids in these two algae. We highlight, on the one hand, the reactions and enzymes that have been preserved through evolution and, on the other hand, the specificities related to brown algae. Our data further indicate that, if abscisic acid is produced by Saccharina japonica, its biosynthesis pathway seems to be different in its final steps from that described in land plants. Thus, our work illustrates the potential of GSMNs reconstructions for formalizing hypotheses that can be further tested using targeted biochemical approaches.
The Nutritional Value of Non-Traditional Gluten-Free Flakes and Their Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Šťastná Kristýna , Mrázková Martina , Sumczynski Daniela , Cındık Betül , Yalçın Erkan
Published: November 2019

Nowadays, there is a growing interest for foods with a lower sugar content and rich in fiber and biologically active substances. The main purpose of this study was to prepare flakes from non-traditional pigmented cereals (Oryza sativa, Chenopodium quinoa, and Eragrostis tef) and to analyze their fibre, sugar, and in vitro digestibility values. Regarding phenolic antioxidants (soluble, soluble conjugated, and insoluble bound fractions), their content and antioxidant activity were measured using spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. Hydrothermally treated grains resulted in flakes with higher total dietary fibre contents (11.1–24.4%), quinoa and teff flakes were rich in maltose (up to 42.0 mg/g). Non-traditional flakes had lower in vitro digestibility, but conversely, they exhibited the highest phenolic contents corresponding with the highest antioxidant activity values (up to 2.33 mg Gallic acid equivalent/g of total phenolic content and 1.59 mg Trolox equivalent/g for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in case of brown teff). Among free phenolics, the main contributors to an antioxidant activity were p-coumaric, o-coumaric, and gallic acids (r > 0.8186); among the soluble conjugated fractions, they were epigallocatechin, epicatechin, caffeic, and vanillic acids (r > 0.5935); while caffeic, protocatechuic, and ferulic acids (r > 0.5751) were the main contributors among the insoluble bound phenolics.
Intelligent Glioma Grading Based on Deep Transfer Learning of MRI Radiomic Features
Authors: Lo Chung-Ming , Chen Yu-Chih , Weng Rui-Cian , Hsieh Kevin Li-Chun
Published: November 2019

According to a classification of central nervous system tumors by the World Health Organization, diffuse gliomas are classified into grade 2, 3, and 4 gliomas in accordance with their aggressiveness. To quantitatively evaluate a tumor’s malignancy from brain magnetic resonance imaging, this study proposed a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system based on a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). Gliomas from a multi-center database (The Cancer Imaging Archive) composed of a total of 30 grade 2, 43 grade 3, and 57 grade 4 gliomas were used for the training and evaluation of the proposed CAD. Using transfer learning to fine-tune AlexNet, a DCNN, its internal layers, and parameters trained from a million images were transferred to learn how to differentiate the acquired gliomas. Data augmentation was also implemented to increase possible spatial and geometric variations for a better training model. The transferred DCNN achieved an accuracy of 97.9% with a standard deviation of ±1% and an area under the receiver operation characteristics curve (Az) of 0.9991 ± 0, which were superior to handcrafted image features, the DCNN without pretrained features, which only achieved a mean accuracy of 61.42% with a standard deviation of ±7% and a mean Az of 0.8222 ± 0.07, and the DCNN without data augmentation, which was the worst with a mean accuracy of 59.85% with a standard deviation ±16% and a mean Az of 0.7896 ± 0.18. The DCNN with pretrained features and data augmentation can accurately and efficiently classify grade 2, 3, and 4 gliomas. The high accuracy is promising in providing diagnostic suggestions to radiologists in the clinic.
Absorption and Remission Characterization of Pure, Dielectric (Nano-)Powders Using Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy: An End-To-End Instruction
Authors: Bock Sergej , Kijatkin Christian , Berben Dirk , Imlau Mirco
Published: November 2019

This paper addresses the challenging task of optical characterization of pure, dielectric (nano-)powders with the aim to provide an end-to-end instruction from appropriate sample preparation up to the determination of material remission and absorption spectra. We succeeded in establishing an innovative preparation procedure to reproducibly obtain powder pellet samples with an ideal Lambertian scattering behavior. As a result, a procedure based on diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was developed that allows for (i) performing reproducible and artifact-free, high-quality measurements as well as (ii) a thorough optical analysis using Monte Carlo and Mie scattering simulations yielding the absorption spectrum in the visible spectral range. The procedure is valid for the particular case of powders that can be compressed into thick, non-translucent pellets and neither requires embedding of the dielectric (nano-)powders within an appropriate host matrix for measurements nor the use of integrating spheres. The reduced spectroscopic procedure minimizes the large number of sources for errors, enables an in-depth understanding of non-avoidable artifacts and is of particular advantage in the field of material sciences, i.e., for getting first insights to the optical features of a newly synthesized, pure dielectric powder, but also as an inline inspection tool for massively parallelised material characterization.
A Closed-Form Localization Algorithm and GDOP Analysis for Multiple TDOAs and Single TOA Based Hybrid Positioning
Authors: Deng Zhongliang , Wang Hanhua , Zheng Xinyu , Fu Xiao , Yin Lu , Tang Shihao , Yang Fuxing
Published: November 2019

Cellular communication systems support mobile phones positioning function for Enhanced-911 (E-911) location requirements, but the positioning accuracy is poor. The fifth-generation (5G) cellular communication system can use indoor distribution systems to provide accurate multiple time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) and single time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements, which could significantly improve the indoor positioning ability. Unlike iterative localization algorithms for TDOA or TOA, the existing closed-form algorithms, such as the Chan-Ho algorithm, do not have convergence problems, but can only estimate position based on one kind of measurement. This paper proposes a closed-form localization algorithm for multiple TDOAs and single TOA measurements. The proposed algorithm estimates the final position result using three-step weighted least squares (WLSs). The first WLS provides an initial position for the last two steps. Then the algorithm uses two WLSs to estimate position based on heteroscedastic TDOA and TOA measurements. In addition, the geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) of the proposed hybrid TDOA and TOA positioning has been derived. The analysis of GDOP shows that the proposed hybrid positioning has lower GDOP than TDOA-only positioning, which means the proposed hybrid positioning has a higher accuracy limitation than TDOA-only positioning. The simulation shows that the proposed localization algorithm could have better performance than closed-form TDOA-only positioning methods, and the positioning accuracy could approximate Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) when the TDOA measurement errors are small.
Physics-Based Vehicle Simulation Using PD Servo
Authors: Kang Daeun , Jeong Jinuk , Ko Seung-wook , Kwon Taesoo , Kim Yejin
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we introduce a novel system for physics-based vehicle simulation from input trajectory. The proposed system approximates the physical movements of a real vehicle using a proportional derivative (PD) servo which estimates proper torques for wheels and controls a vehicle’s acceleration based on the conditions of the given trajectory. To avoid expensive simulation calculation, the input trajectory is segmented and compared to the optimized trajectories stored in a path library. Based on the similarity of the curve shape between the input and simulated trajectories, an iterative search method is introduced to generate a physically derivable trajectory for convincing simulation results. For an interaction with other objects in the virtual environment, the surface of the vehicle is subdivided into several parts and deformed individually from external forces. As demonstrated in the experimental results, the proposed system can create diverse traffic scenes with multiple vehicles in a fully automated way.
Influencing Factors of Motion Responses for Large-Diameter Tripod Bucket Foundation
Authors: Liu Xianqing , Zhang Puyang , Zhao Mingjie , Ding Hongyan , Le Conghuan
Published: November 2019

Large-diameter multi-bucket foundation is well suited for offshore wind turbines at deeper water than 20 m. Air floating transportation is one of the key technologies for the cost-effective development of bucket foundation. To predict the dynamic behavior of large-diameter tripod bucket foundation (LDTBF) supported by an air cushion and a water plug inside every bucket in waves, three 1/25-scale physical model tests with different bucket spacing were conducted in waves; detailed prototype foundation models were established using a hydrodynamic software MOSES with a draft of 4.0 m, 4.5 m, and 5.0 m and with a water depth of 10.0 m, 11.25 m, and 12.5 m. The numerical and experimental results are consistent for heaving motion, while exhibiting favorable agreement for pitching motion. The results show that the resonant periods for heaving motion increased with increasing draft and water depth. The maximum amplitude for heaving motion first decreased and then increased with the increase of water depth and spacing between the buckets. The maximum amplitude for pitching motion first decreased and then increased with increasing water depth but decreased with increasing spacing between the buckets. The wider the spacing between the bucket foundations, the larger the heave response amplitude operators (RAOs). Simply improving the pitch RAOs by increasing the spacing between bucket foundations is limited and negatively affects motion performance during the transportation of LDTBF.
A Granularity-Based Intelligent Tutoring System for Zooarchaeology
Authors: Subirats Laia , Pérez Leopoldo , Hernández Cristo , Fort Santiago , Sacha Gomez-Monivas
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a tutoring system which uses three different granularities for helping students to classify animals from bone fragments in zooarchaeology. The 3406 bone remains, which have 64 attributes, were obtained from the excavation of the Middle Palaeolithic site of El Salt (Alicante, Spain). The coarse granularity performs a five-class prediction, the medium a twelve-class prediction, and the fine a fifteen-class prediction. In the coarse granularity, the results show that the first 10 most relevant attributes for classification are width, bone, thickness, length, bone fragment, anatomical group, long bone circumference, X, Y, and Z. Based on those results, a user-friendly interface of the tutor has been built in order to train archaeology students to classify new remains using the coarse granularity. A pilot has been performed in the 2019 excavation season in Abric del Pastor (Alicante, Spain), where the automatic tutoring system was used by students to classify 51 new remains. The pilot experience demonstrated the usefulness of the tutoring system both for students when facing their first classification activities and also for seniors since the tutoring system gives them valuable clues for helping in difficult classification problems.
A Novel Searching Method Using Reinforcement Learning Scheme for Multi-UAVs in Unknown Environments
Authors: Yue Wei , Guan Xianhe , Wang Liyuan
Published: November 2019

In this paper, the important topic of cooperative searches for multi-dynamic targets in unknown sea areas by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is studied based on a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm. A novel multi-UAV sea area search map is established, in which models of the environment, UAV dynamics, target dynamics, and sensor detection are involved. Then, the search map is updated and extended using the concept of the territory awareness information map. Finally, according to the search efficiency function, a reward and punishment function is designed, and an RL method is used to generate a multi-UAV cooperative search path online. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm could effectively perform the search task in the sea area with no prior information.