bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Implications of Complex Pharmacokinetics for Daratumumab Dose Regimen in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Xu XS , Yan X , Puchalski T , Lonial S , Lokhorst HM , Voorhees PM , Plesner T , Liu K , Khan I , Jansson R , Ahmadi T , Ruixo JJ Perez , Zhou H , Clemens PL
Published: November 2016

New therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to improve clinical outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Daratumumab is a first‐in‐class, CD38 human immunoglobulin G1κ monoclonal antibody approved for treatment of relapsed or refractory MM. Identification of an appropriate dose regimen for daratumumab is challenging due to its target‐mediated drug disposition, leading to time‐ and concentration‐dependent pharmacokinetics. We describe a thorough evaluation of the recommended dose regimen for daratumumab in patients with relapsed or refractory MM.
A Hierarchical Bipyridine‐Constructed Framework for Highly Efficient Carbon Dioxide Capture and Catalytic Conversion
Authors: Dai Zhifeng , Sun Qi , Liu Xiaolong , Guo Liping , Li Jixue , Pan Shuxiang , Bian Chaoqun , Wang Liang , Hu Xin , Meng Xiangju , Zhao Leihong , Deng Feng , Xiao Feng‐Shou
Published: November 2016

As a C1 feedstock, CO2 has the potential to be uniquely highly economical in both a chemical and a financial sense. Porous materials bearing particular binding and active sites that can capture and convert CO2 simultaneously are promising candidates for CO2 utilization. In this work, a bipyridine‐constructed polymer featuring a high surface area, a hierarchical porous structure, and excellent stability was synthesized through free‐radical polymerization. After metalation, the resultant catalysts exhibited superior activities in comparison with those of their homogeneous counterparts in the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides. The high performance of the heterogeneous catalysts originates from cooperative effects between the CO2‐philic polymer and the embedded metal species. In addition, the catalysts showed excellent stabilities and are readily recyclable; thus, they are promising for practical utilization for the conversion of CO2 into value‐added chemicals.
A Molecular Ni‐complex Containing Tetrahedral Nickel Selenide Core as Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Water Oxidation
Authors: Masud Jahangir , Ioannou Polydoros‐Chrysovalantis , Levesanos Nikolaos , Kyritsis Panayotis , Nath Manashi
Published: November 2016

Invited for this month's cover are the groups of Prof. Manashi Nath from the Missouri University of Science & Technology and Prof. Panayotis Kyritsis from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. The image shows a graphical representation of producing clean and green energy through electrochemical water splitting aided by a simple bifunctional electrocatalyst. The Communication itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201601054.
Annual precipitation regulates spatial and temporal drivers of lake water clarity
Authors: Rose Kevin C. , Greb Steven R. , Diebel Matthew , Turner Monica G.
Published: November 2016

Understanding how and why lakes vary and respond to different drivers through time and space is needed to understand, predict, and manage freshwater quality in an era of rapidly changing land use and climate. Water clarity regulates many characteristics of aquatic ecosystems and is responsive to watershed features, making it a sentinel of environmental change. However, whether precipitation alters the relative importance of features that influence lake water clarity or the spatial scales at which they operate is unknown. We used a data set of thousands of northern temperate lakes and asked (1) How does water clarity differ between a very wet vs. dry year? (2) Does the relative importance of different watershed features, or the spatial extent at which they are measured, vary between wet and dry years? (3) What lake and watershed characteristics regulate long‐term water clarity trends? Among lakes, water clarity was reduced and less variable in the wet year than in the dry year; furthermore, water clarity was reduced much more in high‐clarity lakes during the wet year than in low‐clarity lakes. Climate, land use/land cover, and lake morphometry explained most variance in clarity among lakes in both years, but the spatial scales at which some features were important differed between the dry and wet years. Watershed percent agriculture was most important in the dry year, whereas riparian zone percent agriculture (around each lake and upstream features) was most important in the wet year. Between 1991 and 2012, water clarity declined in 23% of lakes and increased in only 6% of lakes. Conductance influenced the direction of temporal trend (clarity declined in lakes with low conductance), whereas the proportion of watershed wetlands, catchment‐to‐lake‐area ratio, and lake maximum depth interacted with antecedent precipitation. Many predictors of water clarity, such as lake depth and landscape position, are features that cannot be readily managed. Given trends of increasing precipitation, eliminating riparian zone agriculture or keeping it <10% of area may be an effective option to maintain or improve water clarity.
Quantifying the benefits of urban forest systems as a component of the green infrastructure stormwater treatment network
Authors: Kuehler Eric , Hathaway Jon , Tirpak Andrew
Published: November 2016

The use of green infrastructure for reducing stormwater runoff is increasingly common. One under‐studied component of the green infrastructure network is the urban forest system. Trees can play an important role as the “first line of defense” for restoring more natural hydrologic regimes in urban watersheds by intercepting rainfall, delaying runoff, infiltrating, and transpiring captured stormwater. However, inadequate research quantifying the urban tree contribution to rainfall/runoff processes limits their promotion by stormwater managers. The purpose of this literature review is to highlight the limited research performed, document areas of need for quantifying the benefits of urban trees for stormwater management, and provide a basis for providing credits for trees in stormwater designs. Recent research has shown that urban trees can retain a sizable volume of annual rainfall in their crowns, delay the flow of stormwater runoff, substantially increase the infiltration capacity of urban soils, and provide transpiration of sequestered runoff for additional stormwater storage. Tree canopy effectiveness is highest during short, low‐intensity storms and lower as rainfall volume and intensity increases. While soils are the best medium to store and filter stormwater, trees may be integrated with other runoff reduction strategies to bring more natural hydrologic processes to urban watersheds by taking advantage of multiple points of retention. Gaps remain in the body of research, but there is a basis for considering trees an integral part of the watershed‐scale green infrastructure network that helps reduce the volume and intensity of urban stormwater runoff.
Wildfire impacts on California spotted owl nesting habitat in the Sierra Nevada
Authors: Stephens Scott L. , Miller Jay D. , Collins Brandon M. , North Malcolm P. , Keane John J. , Roberts Susan L.
Published: November 2016

California spotted owls (CSOs) (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) have received significant conservation attention beginning with the U.S. Forest Service interim management guidelines in 1992. The most commonly reported forest habitat feature for successful nesting habitat ofCSOis canopy cover > 70%. Loss and degradation of Sierra NevadaCSOhabitat, however, has been a growing concern, initially from commercial tree harvesting and, more recently, from wildfire. This study examined trends in wildfire impacts on potential nesting habitat of theCSOand discusses different management approaches that might lead to the conservation ofCSOin fire‐dependent forests. A total of 85,046 ha ofCSOpotential nesting habitat was burned by fire that resulted in ≥ 50% tree basal area (BA) mortality, reducing canopy cover on average to < 25%, during 2000–2014; this included 2.7%, 12.3%, and 7.6% of dense red fir (Abies magnifica), eastside pine, and westside forests, respectively. Based on regression predictions, within the next 75 yr, the cumulative amount of nesting habitat burned at ≥ 50% tree basal area mortality will exceed the total existing habitat. Four management strategies are discussed that could enhance the conservation of theCSO: (1) increased fire suppression, (2) strategically reducing fire hazards using mechanical treatments and/or prescribed fire, (3) increasing the amount of managed wildfire inCSOhabitat, and (4) developing a landscape strategy that uses historical forest structure information to identify areas where high‐canopy cover forests are more sustainable. Our estimates of how moderate‐ and high‐severity fire may affect forests into the future poise a substantial threat toCSOpersistence. More comprehensive forest restoration activities may be needed inCSOhabitat to avoid significant losses of older forests.
Habitat specialization explains avian persistence in tidal marshes
Authors: Correll Maureen D. , Wiest Whitney A. , Olsen Brian J. , Shriver W. Gregory , Elphick Chris S. , Hodgman Thomas P.
Published: November 2016

Habitat specialists are declining at alarming rates worldwide, driving biodiversity loss of the earth's next mass extinction. Specialist organisms maintain smaller functional niches than their generalist counterparts, and tradeoffs exist between these contrasting life history strategies, creating conservation challenges for specialist taxa. There is little work, however, explicitly quantifying “specialization”; such information is necessary for the development of focused conservation strategies in light of the rapidly changing landscapes of the modern world. In this study, we tested whether habitat specialism explains the persistence of breeding bird populations in tidal marshes of the northeastern United States. We used the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) together with contemporary marsh bird surveys to develop a Marsh Specialization Index (MSI) for 106 bird species that regularly use tidal marshes during the breeding season. We produced four metrics of species persistence (occupancy, abundance, total biomass supported, and 14‐yr population trends) and compared them to MSI values in one of the first community‐scale demonstrations of specialist loss in disturbed landscapes. Our results confirm that tidal marsh specialism has short‐term benefits but long‐term consequences for bird persistence in coastal marsh systems, results that are generalizable across many changing landscapes. We then use this robust support of niche theory to recommend MSI as a tool for quantitatively identifying species of conservation concern in disturbed and rapidly changing landscapes such as tidal marsh.
U.S.federal fire and forest policy: emphasizing resilience in dry forests
Authors: Stephens Scott L. , Collins Brandon M. , Biber Eric , Fulé Peter Z.
Published: November 2016

CurrentU.S.forest fire policy emphasizes short‐term outcomes versus long‐term goals. This perspective drives managers to focus on the protection of high‐valued resources, whether ecosystem‐based or developed infrastructure, at the expense of forest resilience. Given these current and future challenges posed by wildland fire and because theU.S.Forest Service spent >50% of its budget on fire suppression in 2015, a review and reexamination of existing policy is warranted. One of the most difficult challenges to revising forest fire policy is that agency organizations and decision making processes are not structured in ways to ensure that fire management is thoroughly considered in management decisions. Current resource‐specific policies are so focused on individual concerns that they may be missing the fact that there are “endangered landscapes” that are threatened by changing climate and fire. We propose that forest restoration should be at least equal to other land management priorities because large‐scale restoration is necessary for the sake of forest ecosystem integrity now and into the future. Another proposal is to switch the “default” rule in federal planning documents that currently have to “justify” managed wildland fire; instead,U.S.federal agencies should be required to disclose the long‐term ecological impacts of continued fire suppression. Proposed legislation that identifies the most expensive 2% of wildfires annually to be funded from emergency funding instead of by the federal land management agencies. If increases in forest restoration fail to accompany the change in how large wildfires are funded, thenU.S.fire suppression costs will remain high while resilience will continue to decline. Expansion of the wildland–urban interface will continue to drive suppression costs higher; new federal partnerships with States and local governments are needed to address this problem. Given the legacy of fire suppression and a future of climate change, management for other values in forests will be, in the long run, futile without also managing for long‐term forest resilience.
A generalized integrated population model to estimate greater sage‐grouse population dynamics
Authors: McCaffery Rebecca , Lukacs Paul M.
Published: November 2016

For species of conservation concern, assessing population dynamics consistently across different populations is of paramount importance to effective conservation and restoration planning. This effort presents a challenge for wide‐ranging species with considerable variation in both abundance and demographic rates. Raw counts of individuals are typically used to assess population trends at broad scales, but the demographic rates that explain changes in population size can only feasibly be measured at local scales. We developed a generalized integrated population model, which combines the strengths of these two data types, for the greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). We used N‐mixture models to estimate annual abundance from counts of males at breeding leks and constructed a two‐sex, demographic matrix model using published vital rate estimates for male and female sage‐grouse from across their range. We applied the model to 13 years of statewide lek counts for Montana, USA. Then, we applied the model to local, annually varying vital rate estimates and lek count data from a population in the Powder River Basin in Montana and Wyoming. We demonstrate potential for this modeling approach to improve our understanding of sage‐grouse population dynamics in a consistent and robust framework, especially as data quality and quantity increases. We use our results to highlight the need for better data on sex and age ratios, female population size, and the proportion of active leks being monitored each year. While our model was focused on the greater sage‐grouse, this approach could be applied to a variety of sensitive species to compare population dynamics across a species’ range.
A Light‐ and Electricity‐Driven Molecular Pushing Motor
Authors: Burkhart Christoph , Haberhauer Gebhard
Published: November 2016

The synthesis and investigation of molecular artificial motors have been subject to massive developments in recent years. One challenge is to design machines driven by “clean” stimuli. Types of energies are considered as “clean” stimuli if their use leads to (almost) no side‐products, no byproducts, no dilution, or any other disruptive effects. We present herein a pushing motor that is driven by light and electricity, both being considered as “clean” stimuli. The switching units of the motor are an azobenzene and a thianthrene. The former is triggered by light, whereas the latter changes its structure as a result of a redox process achieved by cyclic voltammetry. The four states of the molecular motor were identified by quantum chemical methods and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The switching cycles can be performed several times without significant changes in the signals.
Maximizing fluid delivered by bubble‐free electroosmotic pump with optimum pulse voltage waveform
Authors: Tawfik Mena E. , Diez Francisco J.
Published: November 2016

In generating high electroosmotic (EO) flows for use in microfluidic pumps, a limiting factor is faradaic reactions that are more pronounced at high electric fields. These reactions lead to bubble generation at the electrodes and pump efficiency reduction. The onset of gas generation for high current density EO pumping depends on many parameters including applied voltage, working fluid, and pulse duration. The onset of gas generation can be delayed and optimized for maximum volume pumped in the minimum time possible. This has been achieved through the use of a novel numerical model that predicts the onset of gas generation during EO pumping using an optimized pulse voltage waveform. This method allows applying current densities higher than previously reported. Optimal pulse voltage waveforms are calculated based on the previous theories for different current densities and electrolyte molarity. The electroosmotic pump performance is investigated by experimentally measuring the fluid volume displaced and flow rate.
Effect of nanosilver on cortisol release and morphometrics in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Murray Laura , Rennie Michael D. , Enders Eva C. , Pleskach Kerri , Martin Jonathan D.
Published: November 2016

Nanosilver (nAg) is a nanoparticle commonly incorporated into consumer products for its antimicrobial properties that has been detected in aquatic environments. Toxic effects of nAg on fish have been observed, and nAg may induce a stress response in fish in the form of increased blood plasma cortisol. Effects of nAg exposure on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated over a 28-d period using blood plasma cortisol concentrations as an indicator of stress. Several morphometric measures (growth, Fulton's condition factor, and hepatosomatic index [HSI]) were also taken during the experiment to investigate potential whole-body effects of exposure, and concentrations of nAg in fish muscle tissue were measured. Fish were exposed to environmentally relevant (average 0.28 μg/L) and higher (average 47.60 μg/L) exposure concentrations of nAg. The results showed a significant increase in blood plasma cortisol for both exposure treatments. A significant effect on HSI by treatment dependent on exposure time was also observed, although no obvious trend was detected, whereas other morphometric measures were not affected by nAg exposure. In addition, Ag was detected in fish muscle tissue. The results indicate that although nAg did engage the stress response in fish, it did not affect growth or condition under the experimental conditions and time frame investigated. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1606–1613. © 2016 SETAC
Bioretention storm water control measures decrease the toxicity of copper roof runoff
Authors: LaBarre William J. , Ownby David R. , Rader Kevin J. , Lev Steven M. , Casey Ryan E.
Published: November 2016

The present study evaluated the ability of 2 different bioretention storm water control measures (SCMs), planter boxes and swales, to decrease the toxicity of sheet copper (Cu) roofing runoff to Daphnia magna. The present study quantified changes in storm water chemistry as it passed through the bioretention systems and utilized the biotic ligand model (BLM) to assess whether the observed D. magna toxicity could be predicted by variations found in water chemistry. Laboratory toxicity tests were performed using select storm samples with D. magna cultured under low ionic strength conditions that were appropriate for the low ionic strength of the storm water samples being tested. The SCMs decreased toxicity of Cu roof runoff in both the BLM results and the storm water bioassays. Water exiting the SCMs was substantially higher than influent runoff in pH, ions, alkalinity, and dissolved organic carbon and substantially lower in total and dissolved Cu. Daphnids experienced complete mortality in untreated runoff from the Cu roof (the SCM influent); however, for planter and swale effluents, survival averaged 86% and 95%, respectively. The present study demonstrated that conventional bioretention practices, including planter boxes and swales, are capable of decreasing the risk of adverse effects from sheet Cu roof runoff to receiving systems, even before considering dilution of effluents in those receiving systems and associated further reductions in copper bioavailability. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1680–1688. © 2016 SETAC
Soil health and carbon management
Authors: Lal Rattan
Published: November 2016

Soil, a natural four‐dimensional body at the atmosphere–lithosphere interface, is organic‐carbon‐mediated realm in which solid, liquid, and gaseous phases interact at a range of scales and generate numerous ecosystem goods and services. Soil organic carbon (SOC) strongly impacts soil quality, functionality and health. Terms soil quality and soil health should not be used interchangeable. Soil quality is related to what it does (functions), whereas soil health treats soil as a living biological entity that affects plant health. Through plant growth, soil health is also connected with the health of animals, humans, and ecosystems within its domain. Through supply of macro‐ and micronutrients, soil health, mediated by SOC dynamics is a strong determinant of global food and nutritional security. Soil C pool consists of two related but distinct components: SOC and soil inorganic C (SIC). The SIC pool comprises of primary and secondary carbonates, and the latter consists of calcitic (no net sequestration of atmospheric CO2) and silicatic (net sequestration). While SOC is highly dynamic, its mean residence time depends on the degree of protection (physical, chemical, biological, and ecological) within the soil matrix. Formation of stable microaggregates and of organo–mineral complexes can protect SOC against microbial processes for millennia. In addition to formation of silicatic type of secondary carbonates, leaching of bicarbonates into the subsoil or shallow water table is also an important mechanism of sequestration of CO2 as SIC. Numerous soil functions and ecosystem services depend on SOC and its dynamics. Improvements in soil health, along with increase in availability of water and nutrients, increases soil's resilience against extreme climate events (e.g., drought, heat wave) and imparts disease‐suppressive attributes. Enhancing and sustaining soil health is also pertinent to advancing Sustainable Development Goals of the U.N. such as alleviating poverty, reducing hunger, improving health, and promoting economic development.
Advanced Distribution Management Systems Necessary With Increased DERs
Authors: Nielsen Terry
Published: November 2016

Over the last century, the electricity industry has been continuously increasing operational efficiency; improving reliability; and reducing generation, transmission, and distribution costs.
DC Circuit Reviews the Clean Power Plan
Authors: McGuffey Carroll W. (“Mack”)
Published: November 2016

In late September, the Obama administration's signature plan for addressing climate change, the Clean Power Plan (CPP), was set for review by the judges of the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.
Linking key environmental stressors with the delivery of provisioning ecosystem services in the freshwaters of southern Africa
Authors: Jackson Michelle C. , Woodford Darragh J. , Weyl Olaf L. F.
Published: November 2016

Societies' growing global footprint is causing a rapid increase in the demand for natural resources (i.e. ecosystem services), while also reducing the capacity of ecosystems to provide them. Freshwater ecosystems contribute disproportionately to ecosystem services but are also particularly vulnerable to global environmental change. The provisioning of freshwater services, such as water and food production, is especially important in developing countries. Here, we review the evidence which demonstrates the impacts of key environmental stressors on these two important provisioning services in southern Africa. Land use change, species invasions and climate change can all be linked to a loss of the provisioning services provided by freshwater ecosystems in southern Africa. Water resources for drinking, agriculture, sanitation and power are expected to decline as a result of both climate and land use change. Fish production may be negatively or positively affected by the different stressors, highlighting the high context‐dependency associated with their impacts. Evidence also suggests that these stressors can interact to alter one another's impacts or promote the proliferation of further stressors. For instance, land use change can promote aquatic plant invasions and, subsequently, the stressors may interact synergistically to cause fish kills. Stressors may also interact to mitigate one another's impact, for instance fish invasions may enhance total fish catch following a pollution event. Since stressors are unlikely to occur in isolation and multiple stressors frequently result in complex ‘ecological surprises’, it is urgent that we increase research effort on the links between multiple stressors and the loss of ecosystem services. Future research should, therefore, focus on the combined impacts of multiple environmental, social, and economic stressors on natural resources and provisioning ecosystem services in southern Africa.
Quality of care for people with dementia and professional caregivers' perspectives regarding palliative care in Japanese community care settings
Authors: Nakanishi Miharu , Hirooka Kayo , Morimoto Yuko , Nishida Atsushi
Published: November 2016

Objective

Palliative care for dementia includes psychosocial interventions as first‐line treatment for challenging behaviour. However, the national dementia plan in Japan contradicts recommendations for palliative care for dementia. This study aimed to examine the association between care quality for patients with dementia and professional caregivers' perspectives regarding palliative care for dementia in Japanese community care settings.

Methods

In total, 2116 professional caregivers from 329 agencies (217 in‐home long‐term care support providers; 29 small‐scale, multiple home‐care providers; and 83 group homes) in Tokyo prefecture, Japan, completed cross‐sectional, paper‐based questionnaires about 3603 people diagnosed with dementia, in May 2016. Quality of care measures included physical restraint and antipsychotic medication use and quality of life. Patients' quality of life was assessed via the Japanese version of the Alzheimer's Disease Health‐related Quality of Life scale. The Japanese version of the Questionnaire on Palliative Care for Advanced Dementia was used to assess professional caregivers' knowledge and attitudes regarding palliative care for dementia.

Results

Professional caregivers' knowledge and attitudes regarding palliative care for dementia were positively associated with quality of life in patients with dementia. Physical restraint and antipsychotic medication were used regardless of professional caregivers' knowledge and attitudes.

Conclusions

Professional caregivers' perspectives regarding palliative care for dementia could have exerted a positive effect on quality of life in patients with dementia. A national strategy for advocacy and the protection of adults is required to integrate several laws and guidelines and prevent the use of antipsychotics as a form of chemical restraint. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrated multimodal network approach to PET and MRI based on multidimensional persistent homology
Authors: Lee Hyekyoung , Kang Hyejin , Chung Moo K. , Lim Seonhee , Kim Bung‐Nyun , Lee Dong Soo
Published: November 2016

Finding underlying relationships among multiple imaging modalities in a coherent fashion is one of the challenging problems in multimodal analysis. In this study, we propose a novel approach based on multidimensional persistence. In the extension of the previous threshold‐free method of persistent homology, we visualize and discriminate the topological change of integrated brain networks by varying not only threshold but also mixing ratio between two different imaging modalities. The multidimensional persistence is implemented by a new bimodal integration method called 1D projection. When the mixing ratio is predefined, it constructs an integrated edge weight matrix by projecting two different connectivity information onto the one dimensional shared space. We applied the proposed methods to PET and MRI data from 23 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children, 21 autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and 10 pediatric control subjects. From the results, we found that the brain networks of ASD, ADHD children and controls differ, with ASD and ADHD showing asymmetrical changes of connected structures between metabolic and morphological connectivities. The difference of connected structure between ASD and the controls was mainly observed in the metabolic connectivity. However, ADHD showed the maximum difference when two connectivity information were integrated with the ratio 0.6. These results provide a multidimensional homological understanding of disease‐related PET and MRI networks that disclose the network association with ASD and ADHD. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1387–1402, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The SRL peptide of rhesus rotavirus VP4 protein governs cholangiocyte infection and the murine model of biliary atresia
Authors: Mohanty Sujit K. , Donnelly Bryan , Lobeck Inna , Walther Ashley , Dupree Phylicia , Coots Abigail , Meller Jaroslaw , McNeal Monica , Sestak Karol , Tiao Greg
Published: November 2016

Biliary atresia (BA) is a neonatal obstructive cholangiopathy that progresses to end‐stage liver disease, often requiring transplantation. The murine model of BA, employing rhesus rotavirus (RRV), parallels human disease and has been used to elucidate mechanistic aspects of a virus induced biliary cholangiopathy. We previously reported that the RRV VP4 gene plays an integral role in activating the immune system and induction of BA. Using rotavirus binding and blocking assays, this study elucidated how RRV VP4 protein governs cholangiocyte susceptibility to infection both in vitro and in vivo in the murine model of BA. We identified the amino acid sequence on VP4 and its cholangiocyte binding protein, finding that the sequence is specific to those rotavirus strains that cause obstructive cholangiopathy. Pretreatment of murine and human cholangiocytes with this VP4‐derived peptide (TRTRVSRLY) significantly reduced the ability of RRV to bind and infect cells. However, the peptide did not block cholangiocyte binding of TUCH and Ro1845, strains that do not induce murine BA. The SRL sequence within TRTRVSRLY is required for cholangiocyte binding and viral replication. The cholangiocyte membrane protein bound by SRL was found to be Hsc70. Inhibition of Hsc70 by small interfering RNAs reduced RRV's ability to infect cholangiocytes. This virus‐cholangiocyte interaction is also seen in vivo in the murine model of BA, where inoculation of mice with TRTRVSRLY peptide significantly reduced symptoms and mortality in RRV‐injected mice. Conclusion: The tripeptide SRL on RRV VP4 binds to the cholangiocyte membrane protein Hsc70, defining a novel binding site governing VP4 attachment. Investigations are underway to determine the cellular response to this interaction to understand how it contributes to the pathogenesis of BA. (Hepatology 2017;65:1278‐1292)
Parental alcohol use, parenting, and child on‐time development
Authors: Guttmannova Katarina , Hill Karl G. , Bailey Jennifer A. , Hartigan Lacey A. , Small Candice M. , Hawkins J. David
Published: November 2016

This study examined whether parental alcohol use in adolescence, adulthood, and for mothers, during pregnancy, was related to their young children's functioning in terms of their on‐time development as indicated by the number of developmental areas in which children experienced delay. Observed parenting practices and family socioeconomic status were tested as potential explanatory mechanisms of these links. Data came from the surveys and videotaped observations of a community sample of 123 biological parents and their 1‐ to 5‐year‐old children followed longitudinally. Results suggest that the negative association between parental alcohol use and children's development operates primarily through fathers' alcohol use. Additionally, father's adolescent regular alcohol use predicted the family's low socioeconomic status, which in turn predicted less skilled maternal parenting practices and children's developmental delay.

Highlights

This study examined whether parental alcohol use in adolescence, adulthood, and, for moms, during pregnancy was related to their young childrens' functioning in terms of their developmental functioning. Observed parenting practices and family socioeconomic status were tested as potential explanatory mechanisms of these links.

There was a negative association between parental alcohol use, and children's development operates primarily through fathers = 92 alcohol use. Additionally, father's adolescent regular alcohol use predicted the family's low SES, which in turn predicted less skilled maternal parenting practices and children's developmental delay.

Findings highlight the importance of prevention and intervention efforts aimed at reducing alcohol misuse both in adolescence, even before the young people have children, and in young adulthood. Furthermore, prevention and treatment programs providing support and education in parenting skills to families with a history of alcohol misuse could show benefits across generations.
The impact of citrate concentration on adhesion of platelets and leukocytes to adsorbents in whole blood lipoprotein apheresis
Authors: Weiss René , Fischer Michael B. , Weber Viktoria
Published: November 2016

Lipoprotein apheresis is applied to deplete low density lipoprotein and other apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins in patients with severe familial hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia associated pancreatitis, or lipoprotein (a)‐hyperlipoproteinemia. Anticoagulation of the extracorporeal circuit may influence cellular activation, as evidenced by a reduction of inflammatory parameters during regional citrate anticoagulation with acid citrate dextrose A (ACD‐A) commonly used in whole blood lipid apheresis. While the citrate concentration in the extracorporeal circuit has to ensure efficient anticoagulation, citrate infusion into the patient should be limited to avoid citrate overload. We assessed the influence of citrate concentration on cellular activation during in vitro circulation of whole blood containing 2.8 mM citrate (ACD‐A 1:40), 5.6 mM citrate (ACD‐A 1:20), or 13 mM citrate over polyacrylate‐based adsorbents for lipoprotein apheresis. We found increased platelet adhesion for anticoagulation with 2.8 mM citrate as compared to 5.6 or 13 mM citrate, as shown by cell counting and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy of adsorbent beads as well as by elevated levels of platelet activation markers and of platelet‐derived microvesicles. Leukocytes showed an equivalent adhesion pattern, while red blood cells remained unaffected at all citrate concentrations. Passage of blood over two consecutive columns resulted in enhanced platelet adhesion to the second column, presumably due to upstream preactivation. In conclusion, citrate influences activation and adhesion of platelets and leukocytes in a concentration‐dependent manner, and ACD‐A 1:20, equivalent to a citrate concentration of 5.6 mM in whole blood, ensures minimal cellular activation during passage of whole blood over polyacrylate‐based adsorbents.
Comparison of conventional DCE‐MRI and a novel golden‐angle radial multicoil compressed sensing method for the evaluation of breast lesion conspicuity
Authors: Heacock Laura , Gao Yiming , Heller Samantha L. , Melsaether Amy N. , Babb James S. , Block Tobias K. , Otazo Ricardo , Kim Sungheon G. , Moy Linda
Published: November 2016

Purpose

To compare a novel multicoil compressed sensing technique with flexible temporal resolution, golden‐angle radial sparse parallel (GRASP), to conventional fat‐suppressed spoiled three‐dimensional (3D) gradient‐echo (volumetric interpolated breath‐hold examination, VIBE) MRI in evaluating the conspicuity of benign and malignant breast lesions.

Materials and Methods

Between March and August 2015, 121 women (24–84 years; mean, 49.7 years) with 180 biopsy‐proven benign and malignant lesions were imaged consecutively at 3.0 Tesla in a dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI exam using sagittal T1‐weighted fat‐suppressed 3D VIBE in this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act‐compliant, retrospective study. Subjects underwent MRI‐guided breast biopsy (mean, 13 days [1–95 days]) using GRASP DCE‐MRI, a fat‐suppressed radial “stack‐of‐stars” 3D FLASH sequence with golden‐angle ordering. Three readers independently evaluated breast lesions on both sequences. Statistical analysis included mixed models with generalized estimating equations, kappa‐weighted coefficients and Fisher's exact test.

Results

All lesions demonstrated good conspicuity on VIBE and GRASP sequences (4.28 ± 0.81 versus 3.65 ± 1.22), with no significant difference in lesion detection (P = 0.248). VIBE had slightly higher lesion conspicuity than GRASP for all lesions, with VIBE 12.6% (0.63/5.0) more conspicuous (P < 0.001). Masses and nonmass enhancement (NME) were more conspicuous on VIBE (P < 0.001), with a larger difference for NME (14.2% versus 9.4% more conspicuous). Malignant lesions were more conspicuous than benign lesions (P < 0.001) on both sequences.

Conclusion

GRASP DCE‐MRI, a multicoil compressed sensing technique with high spatial resolution and flexible temporal resolution, has near‐comparable performance to conventional VIBE imaging for breast lesion evaluation.

Level of Evidence: 3

Technical Efficacy: Stage 3

J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1746–1752
Interpretive analysis of 85 systematic reviews suggests that narrative syntheses and meta‐analyses are incommensurate in argumentation
Authors: Melendez‐Torres G. J. , O'Mara‐Eves A. , Thomas J. , Brunton G. , Caird J. , Petticrew M.
Published: November 2016

Using Toulmin's argumentation theory, we analysed the texts of systematic reviews in the area of workplace health promotion to explore differences in the modes of reasoning embedded in reports of narrative synthesis as compared with reports of meta‐analysis. We used framework synthesis, grounded theory and cross‐case analysis methods to analyse 85 systematic reviews addressing intervention effectiveness in workplace health promotion. Two core categories, or ‘modes of reasoning’, emerged to frame the contrast between narrative synthesis and meta‐analysis: practical–configurational reasoning in narrative synthesis (‘what is going on here? What picture emerges?’) and inferential–predictive reasoning in meta‐analysis (‘does it work, and how well? Will it work again?’). Modes of reasoning examined quality and consistency of the included evidence differently. Meta‐analyses clearly distinguished between warrant and claim, whereas narrative syntheses often presented joint warrant–claims. Narrative syntheses and meta‐analyses represent different modes of reasoning. Systematic reviewers are likely to be addressing research questions in different ways with each method. It is important to consider narrative synthesis in its own right as a method and to develop specific quality criteria and understandings of how it is carried out, not merely as a complement to, or second‐best option for, meta‐analysis. © 2016 The Authors. Research Synthesis Methods published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Resilience in Men and Women Experiencing Sexual Assault or Traumatic Stress: Validation and Replication of the Scale of Protective Factors
Authors: Ponce‐Garcia Elisabeth , Madewell Amy N. , Brown Marina E.
Published: November 2016

The literature on sexual assault (SA) typically has been generalized to women and children. However, both men and women experience SA. Research shows that not all individuals experience the negative impacts of SA in the same way. The ability to buffer the negative effects of SA may lie in specific protective factors that determine resilience. Resilience scales used in adult populations have not been validated for use in SA samples. The purpose of the present study was to replicate the factor structure of a resilience scale, the Scale of Protective Factors (SPF), in a sample of emerging adults (n = 571) and to validate the replicated model on a subsample of the participants who reported SA (n = 173). Additionally, we sought to examine gender differences in mental health outcomes including depression and anxiety, and the availability of protective factors that determine resilience among those participants who reported experiencing SA (n = 173) as compared to other forms of traumatic stress (n = 132). The SPF achieved good model fit in the larger emerging adult sample and adequate model fit was achieved in the SA subsample. Results indicated significant gender differences in mental health outcomes with η2 ranging between .03 and .21. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Questions begging for answers (Part I) – Water degumming
Authors: Dijkstra Albert J.
Published: November 2016

When reviewing manuscripts or reading published articles, I often wonder why their authors chose to study the subject of their papers. Often, their results will not be used and may hardly contribute to science or technology. This is all the more surprising, since work done in the past hardly ever provides final answers, and therefore leaves questions unanswered, questions that could perhaps not be studied with the tools available at the time but that could be tackled nowadays. In the present series of articles I will discuss a number of subjects that in my opinion warrant research and I will suggest how this research can be approached.

The water degumming process has been in industrial use for almost a century. Some insight was gained during the last century, but research was abandoned when it reached the limits of the analytical capabilities of the time. Consequently, there are many open questions concerning the composition of compounds containing phosphorus, how much of the acid value should be attributed to FFA, how the triglyceride content of the gums can be controlled and how the industrial process can be optimised with respect to the predictability of process performance, product quality and cost.
Olive oil authentication, traceability and adulteration detection using DNA‐based approaches
Authors: Kalaitzis Panagiotis , El‐Zein Zeina
Published: November 2016

Olive oil is the fresh juice produced by pressing olive fruits. It serves as the main component of the Mediterranean diet and one of the most valuable products of the agro‐food industry, not only for its taste, but also for its high nutritional value. As it is considered the lipid constituent of the olive fruits, it is composed mainly of triglycerides and phenolics. Authentication and traceability of extra virgin olive oil is a challenging research task due to the complexity of fraudulent practices. Various chemical and biochemical techniques have been developed for determining the authenticity of olive oil. Olive oil DNA‐based analyses have gained attention in recent years, due to high specificity, sensitivity and reliability. DNA analyses have very high discriminating power because ultimately the unique identity of a variety or species is to a great extent genetically dependent. Polymorphisms are genetic variations which refer to the variation in populations or species. Molecular markers provide information on genetic variations and are valuable tools to determine olive oil authenticity. Molecular markers such as SNPs, microsatellites, SCARs and AFLPs have been used for the identification of the varietal origin of olive oils. This feature provides an overview of the current trends and critical issues on DNA‐targeted approaches used for traceability and authenticity of olive oil.
Mesocosms with wavemakers: A new device to study the effects of water mixing on lake ecology
Authors: Hulot Florence D. , Rossi Maurice , Verdier Bruno , Urban Jean‐Pascal , Blottière Lydie , Madricardo Fantina , Decencière Beatriz
Published: November 2016

To better understand the interaction between wind waves and the biological properties of freshwater ecosystems, it is highly desirable to reproduce coherent water motions generated by wind. This paper presents new 15 m3 mesocosms with wavemakers, also known as wave flumes, which are designed to emulate the effects of surface waves on the biological processes in shallow lakes. First, we succinctly review existing approaches to modify mixing of the water column in ecological studies: most mixing devices that have been used to date generate turbulence, but do not create the coherent water motions generated by surface waves. This justifies the development of mesocosms that seek to reproduce these coherent water motions. Tanks with wave generators are common devices in fluid mechanics, and we adapted them for aquatic ecology. Second, we describe the effects of waves on the water column, provide some theoretical background on wavemakers, and detail the choices adopted for the design of our device. Our system is able to generate waves with a wavelength of 0.1–5 m and amplitude of 1–5 cm in a 10 m long tank with a 1 m water column, which allows to choose mixing intensity from superficial to complete mixing of the water column. Experimental results show effects of mixing regime on water chemistry and plankton abundance. We finally discuss challenging research questions on the ecological role of surface waves in shallow lakes that can be addressed with mesocosms with wavemakers.
Au Nanoparticle‐Corona Loaded Polystyrene‐b‐Quaternized Poly(2‐vinylpyridine) Micelles and their Interaction with DNA
Authors: Papagiannopoulos Aristeidis , Mousdis George , Pispas Stergios
Published: November 2016

The incorporation of Au nanoparticles to polystyrene‐b‐quaternized poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (SQVP) micelles and their interaction with DNA in aqueous solutions is investigated. Micelles of a well‐defined single population in solution keep their size while AuNPs appear to bind near their core, as observed by static and dynamic light scattering. The apparent molecular weight increases as a function of Au concentration, which proves controllable NP loading. Au‐loaded SQVP micelles create complexes with DNA where the micelles still preserve their morphology and size. The fluorescence intensity from SQVP‐Au aggregates drops as Au accumulates on the micelles. The fluorescence spectrum remains practically unaffected by the addition of DNA. SQVP micelles offer a stable and well‐defined template for the formulation of drug and DNA nanocarriers as hierarchically self‐assembled hybrid nanostructured functional materials.

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