bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MET Activation in Lung Cancer and Response to Targeted Therapies
Authors: Okun Sarah Anna , Lu Daniel , Sew Katherine , Subramaniam Asha , Lockwood William W.
Published: January 2025

The hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that mediates the activity of a variety of downstream pathways upon its activation. These pathways regulate various physiological processes within the cell, including growth, survival, proliferation, and motility. Under normal physiological conditions, this allows MET to regulate various development and regenerative processes; however, mutations resulting in aberrant MET activity and the consequent dysregulation of downstream signaling can contribute to cellular pathophysiology. Mutations within MET have been identified in a variety of cancers and have been shown to mediate tumorigenesis by increasing RTK activity and downstream signaling. In lung cancer specifically, a number of patients have been identified as possessing MET alterations, commonly receptor amplification (METamp) or splice site mutations resulting in loss of exon 14 (METex14). Due to MET’s role in mediating oncogenesis, it has become an attractive clinical target and has led to the development of various targeted therapies, including MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Unfortunately, these TKIs have demonstrated limited clinical efficacy, as patients often present with either primary or acquired resistance to these therapies. Mechanisms of resistance vary but often occur through off-target or bypass mechanisms that render downstream signaling pathways insensitive to MET inhibition. This review provides an overview of the therapeutic landscape for MET-positive cancers and explores the various mechanisms that contribute to therapeutic resistance in these cases.
IrOx Supported on Submicron-Sized Anatase TiO2 as a Catalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Boter-Carbonell Josep , Calabrés-Casellas Carlos , Sarret Maria , Andreu Teresa , Cabot Pere L.
Published: January 2025

Ir-based catalysts are the best in terms of activity and stability for oxygen evolution reactions (OERs) in proton exchange water electrolysis. Due to their cost, efforts have been made to decrease their load without a loss of activity. In this paper, Ir nanoparticles measuring 2–3 nm were loaded on TiO2 anatase supports of submicrometric size in different amounts using the microwave polyol method to optimize their mass activity. Using anatase particles with a diameter of about 100 nm and titania nanotubes (TNTs), Ir/TiO2 catalysts with Ir contents of 5, 10, 20, and 40 wt.% were synthesized and characterized via structural and electrochemical techniques. It was shown that the amount of Ir must be regulated to obtain continuous coverage on titania with strong Ir–TiO2 interactions which, for the 100 nm diameter anatase, is limited to about 20 wt.%. A higher percentage of Ir over 40 wt.% can be dispersed over the TNTs. Exceeding one layer of coverage leads to a decrease in the catalyst’s utilization. Ir/TiO2(10:90), Ir/TiO2(20:80), and Ir/TiO2(40:60) presented the highest pseudocapacitive currents per unit of Ir mass. The electrochemical active areas and mass activities for these later catalysts were also the highest compared to Ir/TiO2(05:95), Ir/TNT(40:60), and the unsupported catalysts and increased from 40 to 10 wt.% Ir. They also presented the lowest overpotentials of about 300 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for the OER, with Ir/TiO2(10:90) presenting the best specific activities and surface turnover frequencies, thus showing that the size of the support can be regulated to decrease the Ir content of the catalyst without a loss of activity.
Age-Dependent Effects of Butyl Benzyl Phthalate Exposure on Lipid Metabolism and Hepatic Fibrosis in Mice
Authors: Park Min-Seo , Hwang Seonhwa , Kang Hyun-Bon , Ha Minjeong , Park Juyeon , Park So-Youn , Park Yong-Joo , Park Min-Hi
Published: January 2025

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including phthalates, have been implicated in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatic fibrosis. This study investigates the age-dependent effects of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) exposure on lipid metabolism in the livers of young and aged mice. Young (2-month-old) and aged (20-month-old) male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to BBP through drinking water at a dose of 169 μg/kg/day for 6 and 4 months, respectively. Young mice exposed to BBP showed fatty liver, with downregulation of key fatty acid oxidation genes (CPT1A, CPT1B, CPT2, and Acox1) and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). In contrast, aged mice exhibited hepatic fibrosis, with increased collagen deposition and upregulation of genes related to fibrosis (Acta2, MMP2, TGF-ß1, and Col1a2), cirrhosis (CXCR4, SOX9, DCN, and MFAP4), and cancer (Bcl2, CDKN2a, c-Myc, and Fn1). Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of age when evaluating the risks of EDC exposure, such as BBP. Future research should focus on understanding the molecular mechanisms behind these age-related differences and explore Grem1 and SOCS3 as potential therapeutic targets for treating EDC-induced and age-related liver diseases.
Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensors Based on Metal Oxides and Sulfides: Recent Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Zhu Haibing , Shi Feng , Peng Maoying , Zhang Ye , Long Sitian , Liu Ruixin , Li Juan , Yang Zhanjun
Published: January 2025

With the sudden advancement of glucose biosensors for monitoring blood glucose levels for the prevention and diagnosis of diabetes, non-enzymatic glucose sensors have aroused great interest owing to their sensitivity, stability, and economy. Recently, researchers have dedicated themselves to developing non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors for the rapid, convenient, and sensitive determination of glucose. However, it is desirable to explore economic and effective nanomaterials with a high non-enzymatic catalysis performance toward glucose to modify electrodes. Metal oxides (MOs) and metal sulfides (MSs) have attracted extensive interest among scholars owing to their excellent catalytic activity, good biocompatibility, low cost, simple synthesis process, and controllable morphology and structure. Nonetheless, the exploitation of MOs and MSs in non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors still suffers from relatively low conductivity and biocompatibility. Therefore, it is of significance to integrate MOs and MSs with metal/carbon/conducive polymers to modify electrodes for compensating the aforementioned deficiency. This review introduces the recent developments in non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors based on MOs and MSs, focusing on their preparation methods and how their structural composition influences sensing performance. Finally, this review discusses the prospects and challenges of non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors.
Prenatally Diagnosed Cardiac Tumors and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Bakoš Matija , Jelinek Dora , Ćorić Ljoka Ana , Sindičić Dessardo Nada , Šarić Dalibor , Grizelj Ruža
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Cardiac rhabdomyoma (CR), the most frequently occurring fetal cardiac tumor, is often an early marker of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). This study evaluates outcomes of fetuses with prenatally diagnosed cardiac tumors managed at a single tertiary center. Methods: Medical records of fetuses diagnosed with cardiac tumors between 2009 and 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Sixteen cases were identified, with a median follow-up of 6.7 years. TSC was confirmed in 14 cases (88%). Multiple tumors were observed in 13 cases (81%), while 3 cases (19%) had solitary tumors. Both non-TSC cases involved solitary tumors. Cardiac complications (arrhythmias, conduction disorders, and hemodynamic abnormalities) occurred in 38% of cases prenatally and 69% postnatally, with larger tumor diameters significantly associated with complications (p = 0.02). No fetal hydrops or mortality occurred; however, one child died at age five due to a seizure. Postnatal tumor regression occurred in 56% of cases and complete regression in 38% by a median age of 2.3 years (range: 0.6–4.4). One tumor remained stable. Brain MRI revealed TSC-related changes in all TSC-affected patients except one, who had a developmental brain anomaly. Most TSC patients experienced epilepsy (71%) and developmental delays. Conclusion: While CRs are typically benign and regress spontaneously, their strong association with TSC highlights the importance of early diagnosis and family counseling. TSC-related epilepsy and psychomotor delays significantly impair the quality of life. Early mTOR inhibitor therapy offers promise in mitigating TSC-related complications and improving outcomes.
Design, Content and Ecological Validity and Reliability of the Physical Activity and Sport Habits Questionnaire for Children Aged 8–12 Years in the Province of Gipuzkoa (Spain)
Authors: Badiola-Lekue Aduna , Ibañez Irantzu , Fuentes Maite , Yanci Javier , Usabiaga Oidui , Iturricastillo Aitor
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to develop a questionnaire to describe and diagnose the physical activity and sport (PAS) habits of 8–12-year-old schoolchildren, assessing its content, ecological validity and reliability, from a multidimensional perspective aligned with Global Matrix 4.0 indicators. Methods: The questionnaire design phase involved seven individuals from the university sector and sport managers from the Gipuzkoa Provincial Council. Seventeen experts later evaluated the questionnaire’s content and ecological validity. For reliability testing, 276 schoolchildren aged 8 to 12 completed the questionnaire twice, with a time interval of two weeks to two months. Statistical analyses included the Wilcoxon test to compare expert ratings, effect size and percentage change calculations for magnitude assessment, and McNemar, McN-Bowker or Wilcoxon tests to compare differences between initial and repeat responses. Cohen’s Kappa was used to assess agreement. Results: The initial battery of items, submitted to the validation process, comprised 31 items across 10 dimensions, derived from validated questionnaires and published works. Following content and ecological validity evaluations, modifications were made and nine items were removed due to improved wording, clarification of concepts, redundancy or lack of relevance. Expert quantitative analyses indicated improved overall questionnaire values. Reliability analysis revealed significant differences in five of the twenty-two items, though substantial agreement (from slight to almost perfect) was observed in twenty items. Conclusions: The study confirmed the questionnaire’s validity and reliability as a suitable tool for assessing PAS practices among 8–12-year-old schoolchildren in Gipuzkoa, Spain, in both Basque and Spanish languages.
Oncogene OSTM1 Promotes Gastric-Cancer Metastasis by Modulating the Metastatic Microenvironment Through Altered Tumor-Cell Autocrine Signaling
Authors: Tang Yucheng , Guo Yi , Feng Jiangyi , Wang Ziwei
Published: January 2025

Gastric cancer remains a malignancy with high incidence, mortality rates, and poor prognosis globally. Osteoclastogenesis-associated transmembrane protein 1 (OSTM1), a transmembrane protein overexpressed in various tumors, has unclear functions in gastric-cancer progression. This study explores OSTM1’s role in gastric-cancer proliferation and metastasis. OSTM1 expression was analyzed in gastric-cancer and adjacent tissues using immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. OSTM1 overexpression and knockdown cell lines were established to assess its effects on cancer-cell behavior through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to examine OSTM1’s regulation of S100A4 expression. OSTM1 was significantly overexpressed in gastric-cancer tissues, negatively correlating with TNM staging and overall survival. OSTM1 overexpression enhanced cancer-cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion, while its knockdown showed opposite effects. In vivo studies confirmed increased lung metastatic capability in high OSTM1-expressing cells. Mechanistically, OSTM1 positively regulated S100A4 expression, with S100A4 knockdown reducing OSTM1-enhanced metastasis. Gastric-cancer lung metastases showed higher microvascular density and α-SMA-positive fibroblast infiltration in the OSTM1 high-expression group. OSTM1 promotes gastric-cancer progression by upregulating S100A4 and modifying the tumor microenvironment through enhanced angiogenesis and fibroblast activation. OSTM1 represents a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, with the OSTM1–S100A4 axis offering new therapeutic possibilities for gastric-cancer treatment.
Insights from a Genome-Wide Study of Pantoea agglomerans UADEC20: A Promising Strain for Phosphate Solubilization and Exopolysaccharides Production
Authors: Elizondo-Reyna Edith , Martínez-Montoya Humberto , Tamayo-Ordoñez Yahaira , Cruz-Hernández María Antonia , Carrillo-Tripp Mauricio , Tamayo-Ordoñez María Concepción , Sosa-Santillán Gerardo de Jesús , Rodríguez-de la Garza José Antonio , Hernández-Guzmán Mario , Bocanegra-García Virgilio , Acosta-Cruz Erika
Published: January 2025

The genome sequence of Pantoea agglomerans UADEC20 is presented, which is a strain isolated from agricultural fields in northeast Mexico. The genome was assembled into 13 scaffolds, constituting a total chromosome size of 4.2 Mbp, with two of the scaffolds representing closed plasmids. The strain exhibits activity in phosphate solubilization and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and secretion; therefore, we explored its biotechnological potential via its genome sequencing and annotation. Genomic analyses showed that a total of 57 and 58 coding sequences (CDSs) related to phosphate solubilization and EPS production were identified within its genome, in addition to a reduced number of CDSs related to drug resistance and phages. The comprehensive set of genes supporting phosphate solubilization, EPS synthesis, and secretion, along with its low virulence and antibiotic resistance levels, justify further research for its potential biotechnological application and possible use as a plant growth-promoting agent in the field. These findings suggest a unique genetic background in the P. agglomerans UADEC20 strain.
Ammonium Transporter 1 (AMT1) Gene Family in Pomegranate: Genome-Wide Analysis and Expression Profiles in Response to Salt Stress
Authors: Omari Alzahrani Fatima
Published: January 2025

Understanding the ammonium (NH4+) uptake and transport systems, particularly AMT1 genes, is important for plant growth and defense. However, there is a lack of research on identifying and analyzing AMT1 genes in pomegranate, emphasizing the need for further investigation in this area. Five AMT1 genes (PgAMT1-1 to PgAMT1-5) were identified, all of which contain the PF00909 domain, a feature of ammonium transporters. Various characteristics of these genes, including gene length, coding sequence length, and chromosomal locations, were examined. This study evaluated the isoelectric point, hydropathicity, conserved domains, motifs, and synteny of the PgAMT1 proteins. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the homology of PgAMT1 genes with previously reported AMT in Arabidopsis and tomato. The tissue-specific expression analysis of PgAMT1 genes revealed distinct patterns: PgAMT1-1 and PgAMT1-2 were predominantly expressed in flowers, PgAMT1-3 exhibited notable expression in roots, leaves, and flowers, PgAMT1-4 was primarily expressed in leaf tissue, while the expression of PgAMT1-5 was detected in both leaves and roots. The impact of salt-induced stress on AMT1 gene expression was also examined, revealing that PgAMT1-1, PgAMT1-2, and PgAMT1-4 expression is reduced under increased salt stress. These expression modifications can help regulate NH4+ assimilation in conditions of elevated salinity, maintaining cellular homeostasis and ion balance. This study contributes to the comprehensive identification of the AMT1s gene family in pomegranate; however, further research on the functional characterization of the identified PgAMT1s is needed.
Catechins as Antimicrobial Agents and Their Contribution to Cosmetics
Authors: Mita Soraya Ratnawulan , Muhtar Nurul Inaya , Kusuma Sri Agung Fitri , Sriwidodo Sriwidodo , Hendrawan Ryan Proxy
Published: January 2025

Natural ingredients are an important source of bioactive compounds. Among these bioactive compounds, polyphenols are the most interesting because of their health benefits. Catechins are a class of polyphenol compounds that exhibit a range of activities, with applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. These include antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other therapeutic effects. In cosmetic formulations, catechins can be used as anti-acne agents. Reducing the particle size of catechins affects several of their physicochemical properties and can also increase their absorption rates and solubility. This article discusses the physicochemical properties of catechins and their potential applications as antimicrobial agents.
Electrosynthesis of Titanium Alloys from Spent SCR Catalysts
Authors: Zheng Long , Jin Jiahao , Cai Zongying , Li Xiangpeng , Zhu Qi , Cao Weigang
Published: January 2025

Spent selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts are hazardous wastes containing many valuable metals whose improper disposal can cause environmental pollution and resource waste. Therefore, it is significant to recover valuable metals from spent SCR catalysts. In this study, the molten salt electrolytic method was employed to treat the SCR catalyst to direct electrosynthesis titanium alloys, which is more environmentally friendly and economical to obtain metal or alloy from secondary resources. A systematic investigation was carried out via experimental analysis and thermodynamic calculation. The results show that high-temperature pretreatment induces the aggregation of W and the formation of CaWO4. Through molten salt electrolysis, titanium alloys containing Ti(W) and Ti5Si3 were formed, with a metal recovery rate of 80–87%. The electrolytic process and the reaction mechanism were also investigated. It is suggested that the molten salt electrolytic method is an effective way to recover valuable metals from spent SCR catalysts.
Violaceous Nodules on the Left Forearm of an Immunosuppressed Patient Following Heart Transplantation for Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Corey Zachary , Luu Lydia A. , Newman Sabrina , Raghavan Shyam S.
Published: January 2025

We present the case of a 60-year-old immunocompromised man who presented with two pruritic pink–red indurated nodules with overlying scale and focal areas of ulceration on his left dorsal and left medial forearm, which evolved over a 2-month period. The pathology showed numerous fungal hyphae present that were pauci-septate with various branched angles and variable hyphal thickness. Fungal cultures grew Rhizopus species and a universal fungal PCR detected the Rhizopus oryzae complex. Based on the clinicopathologic correlation, the diagnosis of cutaneous mucormycosis was made. Cutaneous mucormycosis is an aggressive fungal infection of the Mucorales family occurring after the inoculation of fungal spores in disrupted skin. It usually presents as a necrotic eschar but can also present as cellulitis that evolves into a necrotic ulcer. A prompt diagnosis is critical for the effective management of cutaneous mucormycosis. The treatment includes an immediate systemic treatment with amphotericin B and a surgical debridement of the necrotic regions. Given the wide range of presenting symptoms, clinical suspicion for this emergent condition must remain high in immunocompromised and diabetic patients.
Management of Oro-Antral Communication: A Systemic Review of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Dipalma Gianna , Inchingolo Angelo Michele , Trilli Irma , Ferrante Laura , Noia Angela Di , de Ruvo Elisabetta , Inchingolo Francesco , Mancini Antonio , Cocis Stefan , Palermo Andrea , Inchingolo Alessio Danilo
Published: January 2025

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the management of oro-antral communications (OAC) and fistulas (OAF), focusing on treatment strategies based on defect size, epithelialization, and the presence of sinus infections, while exploring both traditional and emerging techniques. Materials and Methods: The systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and registered on PROSPERO (CDR ID 623251). Using targeted keywords, articles in English published within the last 10 years were analyzed from databases such as PubMed, WoS and Scopus, selecting only clinical studies on human patients. After thorough screening, 20 publications were included in the qualitative analysis, among 734 initially identified. Results: Small OACs (<5 mm) were managed conservatively with hemostatic materials, while larger defects (>5 mm) required surgical closure, with the Bichat flap proving highly effective for large defects. Innovative treatments using autologous bone grafts and PRF showed promise in supporting tissue regeneration. In cases with sinusitis, the combination of FESS and intra-oral closure techniques resulted in high success rates for infection resolution and defect closure. Conclusions: Treatment outcomes for OAC and OAF are highly dependent on the size of the defect and the presence of sinusitis. Multidisciplinary collaboration, along with timely surgical intervention and adherence to medical therapies, is essential for successful management. Emerging techniques and minimally invasive procedures continue to improve patient outcomes, offering hope for more effective and sustainable solutions in complex cases.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Detective Flow Imaging Endoscopic Ultrasonography for Evaluating Blood Flow Within Mural Nodules of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms
Authors: Endo Kazuki , Miwa Haruo , Sugimori Kazuya , Shibasaki Kozue , Yonei Shoichiro , Ishino Yugo , Tsunoda Shotaro , Yoshimura Hayato , Funaoka Akihiro , Tsuchiya Hiromi , Oishi Ritsuko , Suzuki Yuichi , Komiyama Satoshi , Kaneko Takashi , Morimoto Manabu , Numata Kazushi , Maeda Shin
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Detective flow imaging (DFI) endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) can identify the microvascular flow imaging of a mural nodule (MN) in an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) without the use of contrast agents. This retrospective study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of DFI-EUS and its ability to evaluate the blood flow of MNs in IPMNs. Methods: Between April 2021 and September 2023, 68 patients with MNs in IPMNs observed on EUS images were retrospectively analyzed. Both DFI-EUS and contrast-enhanced EUS (CE-EUS) were performed during the same session. Three expert endosonographers blinded to the patients’ clinical data assessed the MN images obtained with CE-EUS and DFI-EUS. First, DFI-EUS images were evaluated using a predefined scoring system; thereafter, CE-EUS images were evaluated. The diagnostic capability of DFI-EUS to detect MN blood flow was assessed with CE-EUS as the gold standard. Secondary outcomes included inter-reader agreement, the correlation between MN size and detection rates, and the association between DFI blood flow signal patterns and malignancy of MNs in surgically resected cases. Results: CE-EUS showed a contrast effect in the MN in 24 cases. Among these, DFI-EUS detected blood flow signals in 20 cases; false-positive results were not observed. DFI-EUS demonstrated a sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 93% for detecting MN blood flow. Inter-reader agreement was substantial (kappa values, 0.6–0.8). The subgroup analysis revealed that all MNs ≥ 10 mm had detectable blood flow on DFI-EUS, whereas MNs < 10 mm had reduced detection rates (75%; 12/16 cases). No significant correlation between the DFI blood flow signal patterns and MN malignancy of resected cases was observed. Conclusions: DFI-EUS demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for detecting MN blood flow. Because of its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, DFI-EUS could be an alternative to CE-EUS for patients with MNs inside IPMNs.
Prevalence, Incidence and Predictors of Anal HPV Infection and HPV-Related Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in a Cohort of People Living with HIV
Authors: Sambo Margherita , Bailoni Alessandra , Mariani Federico , Granai Massimo , Calomino Natale , Mancini Virginia , D’Antiga Anna , Montagnani Francesca , Tumbarello Mario , Lazzi Stefano , Roviello Franco , Fabbiani Massimiliano
Published: January 2025

Background: Anal HPV infection can cause squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs), which are precursors of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The early detection of HPV infections and improvement of effective screening programmes are, therefore, essential to prevent progression from pre-cancerous lesions to SCC, especially in people living with HIV (PLWH), who represent a population at higher risk of HPV infection and associated lesions. Among prevention strategies, HPV vaccination is relevant too, but its efficacy in persons already infected by HPV is still debated. Methods: This is a retrospective single-center study on a cohort of PLWH who performed longitudinal screening for anal dysplasia and HPV infection. The screening included cytological and molecular analyses. Results: A total of 110 PLWH performed at least one anal HPV screening, with an overall prevalence of HPV infection of 86.4% [23.6% low risk (LR)-HPV and 62.7% high risk (HR)-HPV genotypes]. Abnormal cytology was demonstrated in 39.1% of subjects, of whom ASCUS 6.4%, LSIL 30.9% and HSIL 1.8%. In total, 80 patients (72.7%) had an available longitudinal screening. No patient developed SCC during follow-up. However, a high incidence of new cytological abnormalities and new HPV infections was observed. On the other side, clearance of some HPV genotypes was also frequent, confirming that HPV infection is a dynamic process. A CD4 cell count > 500/mmc was an independent predictor of HPV clearance. HPV vaccination was performed on 30.9% of patients. A trend toward an increased clearance of HPV genotypes included in 9-valent vaccine was observed in vaccinated patients (40.6% versus 30.8% in unvaccinated, p = 0.079). Conclusions: A high prevalence of HPV infection and SILs was observed in our cohort of PLWH. A high incidence of new HPV infections and HPV-associated lesions was also observed in the longitudinal cohort, highlighting the need of strengthening immunization programs and continuous screening for anal HPV infection. Whether HPV vaccination may be efficacious in patients already infected by HPV remains to be determined.
Mobility Intensive Training (Mob-IT) Protocol for Children with Cerebral Palsy: Feasibility and Fidelity Results
Authors: Gonçalves Luana Pereira Oliveira , Sudati Isabella Pessóta , da Silva Ana Paula Zanardi , Pereira Natalia Duarte , Rocha Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira , de Campos Ana Carolina
Published: January 2025

The Mobility Intensive Training (Mob-IT) protocol is an innovative intervention focused on motor learning to improve the mobility of children with cerebral palsy (CP). The objective was to describe the feasibility and intervention fidelity of Mob-IT. A single-subject experimental study was conducted with four children with CP, a median age of 11 (7–13) years, and a Gross Motor Function Classification System I–III. The Mob-IT included 24 h of practice of mobility goals, delivered three times a week in 2 h sessions over four weeks. Feasibility was assessed using the Qualitative Feedback Questionnaire (QFQ), evaluating adherence, acceptability, adverse effects, the clarity of procedures, and intervention time. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was used to assess participant and caregiver satisfaction. Fidelity was measured by the type of feedback provided (intrinsic vs. extrinsic), task challenge level, and intervention volume. Participants reported good acceptance, few adverse effects, and satisfaction with the outcomes. The intervention adhered to the proposed principles, with a focus on extrinsic feedback and tasks showing progression over time. Time was well spent, being 78% focused on activities and using mostly extrinsic-focused feedback. The Mob-IT protocol was considered feasible and faithful to its principles. As this is a feasibility study, the results indicate the need to expand the intervention to a larger, randomized study.
Distinguishing Ideal and Non-Ideal Chemical Systems Based on Kinetic Behavior
Authors: Yablonsky Gregory , Fedotov Vladislav
Published: January 2025

This paper focuses on differentiating between ideal and non-ideal chemical systems based on their kinetic behavior within a closed isothermal chemical environment. Non-ideality is examined using the non-ideal Marcelin–de Donde model. The analysis primarily addresses ‘soft’ non-ideality, where the equilibrium composition for a reversible non-ideal chemical system is identical to the corresponding composition for the ideal chemical system. Our approach in distinguishing the ideal and non-ideal systems is based on the properties of the special event, i.e., event, the time of which is well-defined. For the single-step first-order reaction in the ideal system, this event is the half-time-decay point, or the intersection point. For the two consecutive reversible reactions in the ideal system, A ↔ B ↔ C, this event is the extremum obtained within the conservatively perturbed equilibrium (CPE) procedure. For the non-ideal correspondent models, the times of chosen events significantly depend on the initial concentrations. The obtained difference in the behavior of the times of these events (intersection point and CPE-extremum point) between the ideal and non-ideal systems is proposed as the kinetic fingerprint for distinguishing these systems.
Role of Electrochemical Precipitation Parameters in Developing Mixed-Phase Battery-Grade Nickel Hydroxide
Authors: Sarangi Chinmaya Kumar , Achary G. Lilishree , Subbaiah Tondepu , Paramguru Raja Kishore , Roy Sanat Kumar
Published: January 2025

There is a high demand for nickel hydroxide as an engineering material used in the positive electrode of nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) rechargeable batteries. These batteries are extensively used in various small instruments, disposable batteries, and electric vehicles. The structure of nickel hydroxide significantly influences the discharge capacity and energy density, key properties of Ni-MH batteries, and this structure is primarily determined by the synthesis method used. In this study, nickel hydroxide was synthesized using an electrochemical precipitation method, with current density acting as a parameter to control the desired phase of the product, whether α-nickel hydroxide, β-nickel hydroxide, or a combination of both. At a current density of 50 A/m2, the synthesized nickel hydroxide demonstrated a smaller particle size and a superior discharge electrochemical property in comparison to that generated at 500 A/m2. The effect of agitation in catholyte was also investigated to examine the change in discharge property of the precipitated material. The product synthesized at 500 A/m2 from an agitated catholyte exhibited a tap density of 1.24 g/cc and an improved discharge capacity of 254 mAh per gram of Ni(OH)2.
Designing Approximate Reduced Complexity Wallace Multipliers
Authors: Rizos Ioannis , Papatheodorou Georgios , Efthymiou Aristides
Published: January 2025

In the nano-scale era, enhancing speed while minimizing power consumption and area is a key objective in integrated circuits. This demand has motivated the development of approximate computing, particularly useful in error-tolerant applications such as multimedia, machine learning, signal processing, and scientific computing. In this research, we present a novel method to create approximate integer multiplier circuits. This work is based on a modification of the well-known Wallace tree multiplier, called the Reduced Complexity Wallace Multiplier (RCWM). Approximation is introduced by replacing conventional Full Adders with approximate ones during the partial product reduction phase. This research investigates the characteristics of 8×8-, 16×16-, and 32×32-bit Approximate Reduced Complexity Wallace Multipliers (ARCWM), evaluating their accuracy, area usage, delay, and power consumption. Given the vast search space created by different combinations and placements of these approximate Adders, a Genetic Algorithm was used to efficiently explore this space and optimize the ARCWMs. The resulting ARCWMs have an area reduction of up to 65% and a power consumption reduction of up to 70%, with no worse delay than the RCWM. Multipliers created with this method can be used in any application that requires parallel multiplication, such as neural accelerators, trading accuracy for area and power reduction. Additionally, an ARCWM can be used alongside a slow shift-and-accumulate multiplier trading off accuracy for faster calculation. This methodology provides valuable guidance for designers in selecting the optimal configuration of approximate Full Adders, tailored to the specific requirements of their applications. Alongside the methodology, we provide all of the tools used to achieve our results as open-source code, including the Register-Transfer Level (RTL) code of the 8×8-, 16×16-, and 32×32-bit Wallace Multipliers.
Pattern Shared Vision Refinement for Enhancing Collaboration and Decision-Making in Government Software Projects
Authors: Haiderzai Mohammad Daud , Dakić Pavle , Stupavský Igor , Aleksić Marijana , Todorović Vladimir
Published: January 2025

This study proposes a new approach and explores how pattern recognition enhances collaboration between users and Agile teams in software development, focusing on shared resources and decision-making efficiency. Using domain-specific modeling languages (DSMLs) within a security-by-design framework, the research identifies patterns that support team selection, effort estimation, and Agile risk management for Afghanistan’s ministries. These patterns align software development with governmental needs by clarifying stakeholder roles and fostering cooperation. The study builds on the p-mart-Repository-Programs (P-MARt) repository, integrating data mining, algorithms, and ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes to develop innovative methodologies. These approaches enable dynamic knowledge management, refine documentation, and improve project outcomes. Central to this effort is our new Pattern Shared Vision Refinement (PSVR) approach, which emphasizes robust collaboration, data security, and adaptability. By addressing challenges unique to governmental operations, PSVR strengthens Agile practices and ensures high-quality software delivery. By analyzing historical trends and introducing new strategies, the study underscores the critical role of pattern recognition in aligning development processes with organizational goals. It demonstrates how systematic pattern identification can optimize interaction and secure stakeholder consensus, ultimately enhancing software engineering outcomes in Afghanistan’s governmental context.
SNR-Based Receiver-Type Decision Using Deep Learning for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Detection
Authors: Lee Sanggeun , Sim Dongkyu
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we propose a multiple-input multiple-output receiver with deep learning. To obtain the high performance of the maximum likelihood receiver while maintaining the low computational complexity of the linear receiver, we apply a signal-to-noise ratio-based receiver-type decision method. Specifically, the criterion and threshold, which are based on the ratio between the symbol error probabilities of both receivers, to decide the receiver type are presented. For this, we analyze the signal-to-noise ratio gain of the zero-forcing receiver and exploit it as an input feature of the DNN. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed receiver achieves a symbol error rate performance nearly identical to that of the maximum likelihood receiver with low computational complexity.
Aluminum Electrolysis Fire-Eye Image Segmentation Based on the Improved U-Net Under Carbon Slag Interference
Authors: Shi Xuan , Chen Xiaofang , Cen Lihui , Xie Yongfang , Yin Zeyang
Published: January 2025

To solve the problem of low segmentation model accuracy due to the complex shape of carbon slag in the aluminum electrolysis fire-eye image and the blurring of the boundary between the slag and the surrounding electrolyte, this paper proposes a segmentation model of the fire-eye image based on an improved U-Net. The model reduces the depth of the traditional U-Net to four layers and uses the multiscale dilated convolution module (MDCM) in the down-sampling stage. Second, the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) is embedded in the skip connection part of the network to improve the ability of the model to extract contextual features from images of multiple scales, enhance the guidance of high-level features to low-level features, and make the model pay more attention to the critical regions. To alleviate the negative impact of the imbalance of positive and negative examples in the dataset, the weighted binary cross-entropy loss and the Dice loss are used to replace the traditional cross-entropy loss. The experimental results show that the segmentation accuracy of the improved model on the fire-eye dataset reaches 88.03%, which is 5.61 percentage points higher than U-Net.
A Review of Enhanced Methods for Oil Recovery from Sediment Void Oil Storage in Underground Salt Caverns
Authors: Wei Xinxing , Shi Xilin , Li Yinping , Li Peng , Xu Mingnan , Huang Yashuai , Hong Yang
Published: January 2025

Salt caverns are recognized as an excellent medium for energy storage. However, due to the unique characteristics of China’s bedded salt formations, which contain numerous salt layers and a high concentration of insoluble impurities, significant accumulation at the bottom of salt caverns occurs, leading to the formation of extensive sediment voids. These sediment voids offer a potential space for underground oil storage, referred to as sediment void oil storage (SVOS). Oil recovery process from these sediment voids is a critical process. This paper summarizes the oil recovery technologies for SVOS and identifies four key factors—geological evaluation, stability evaluation, tightness evaluation, and oil storage capacity—all of which influence enhance oil recovery from sediment voids. This paper also outlines the overall oil recovery process, presents oil recovery experiments, and discusses oil recovery methods for enhancing oil recovery from sediment void. Additionally, it addresses the challenges of oil recovery in SVOS and explores its potential advantages and applications. The findings suggest that salt cavern sediment voids, as a promising storage space, provide a new approach to realize oil recovery and can overcome the limitations associated with cavern construction in high-impurity salt mines. The oil recovery from the sediment void is feasible, and China has rich rock salt and other convenient conditions to develop SVOS technology.
Linear Quadratic Regulator-Based Coordinated Voltage and Power Control for Flexible Distribution Networks
Authors: Jing Zhipeng , Gao Lipo , Wu Chengao , Liang Dong
Published: January 2025

Multi-port soft open points (SOPs) are effective devices for alleviating issues such as voltage violation and transformer overloading in distribution networks caused by the high penetration of distributed energy resources. This paper proposes a coordinated voltage and power control method for flexible distribution networks based on a linear quadratic regulator (LQR). First, the principle of coordinated voltage and power control is analyzed based on SOPs’ control strategies and a linear power flow model. Then, a discrete-time state-space model is constructed for flexible distribution networks with multi-port SOPs, using the voltage magnitude deviations at the AC side of all PQ-controlled voltage source converters (VSCs) and the loading rate deviations of the transformers corresponding to all PQ-controlled VSCs as state variables. An LQR-based optimal control model is then established, aiming to simultaneously minimize deviations of voltage magnitudes and transformer loading rates from their reference values, which correspond to the Vdc-controlled VSC. The optimal state feedback law is obtained by solving the discrete-time algebraic Riccati equation. The proposed method has been evaluated on two typical flexible distribution networks, and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method in improving voltage profiles and alleviating transformer overloading conditions using local measurements and very limited communication. In specific situations, the imbalance of voltages and transformer loading rates among the interconnected feeders can be reduced by 40%.
Improved Adaptive PI-like Fuzzy Control Strategy of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Bu Wenshao , Guo Shihao , Fan Zongang , Li Jinwei
Published: January 2025

The fuzzy controller is a popular choice for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control systems because of its advantages, such as straightforward design, and no reliance on the precise mathematical model of the motor. But the existing pure PI-like fuzzy control strategy still has some disadvantages, such as poor adaptive ability and large overshooting. This work redevelops the structure and rules of the adaptive fuzzy controller, and proposes and proves an improved adaptive PI-like fuzzy control algorithm for the PMSM system. Firstly, a parallel dual fuzzy controller structure is constructed to facilitate the adaptive adjustment of the “PI-like fuzzy controller”. Secondly, the error acceleration parameter rv(k), which contains the PMSM speed information, is set and normalized to accurately identify the dynamic response stages of the PMSM system. Lastly, an adaptive fuzzy rule table is designed based on the dynamic response waveform of the PMSM system, and the control characterization is analyzed. The simulation and experimental results of the PMSM system show that the improved adaptive PI-like fuzzy controller has a broad dynamic adjustment range, the PMSM can rapidly and smoothly reach the given speed during the startup stage with small overshooting, the speed drop is low when the load is abruptly added, the PMSM system can quickly return to the steady state with a strong adaptive ability, and its dynamic performance indicators surpass those of the PID controller and traditional PI-like fuzzy controller.
Optimal Scheduling of Multi-Energy Complementary Systems Based on an Improved Pelican Algorithm
Authors: Zou Hongbo , Chen Jiehao , Wen Fushuan , Luo Yuhong , Yang Jinlong , Yang Changhua
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the global power industry has experienced rapid development, with significant advancements in the source, network, load sectors, and energy storage technologies. The secure, reliable, and economical operation of power systems is a critical challenge. Due to the stochastic nature of intermittent renewable energy generation and the coupled time-series characteristics of energy storage systems, it is essential to simulate uncertain variables accurately and develop optimization algorithms that can effectively tackle multi-objective problems in economic dispatch models for microgrids. This paper proposes a pelican algorithm enhanced by multi-strategy improvements for optimal generation scheduling. We establish eight scenarios with and without pumped storage across four typical seasons—spring, summer, autumn, and winter—and conduct simulation analyses on a real-world case. The objective is to minimize the total system cost. The improved pelican optimization algorithm (IPOA) is compared with other leading algorithms, demonstrating the validity of our model and the superiority of IPOA in reducing costs and managing complex constraints in optimization.
Correction: Elshafei et al. Opportunities for Using Analytical Hierarchy Process in Green Building Optimization. Energies 2022, 15, 4490
Authors: Elshafei Ghada , Katunský Dušan , Zeleňáková Martina , Negm Abdelazim
Published: January 2025

There was an error in the original publication [...]
The Quantile Effects of Climate and Global Economic Policy Uncertainties on Renewable Energy Demands in the BRICS Nations: The Role of Green Ecological Policies
Authors: AlAyoubi Dima , Atan Tarik , Awad Majdi
Published: January 2025

Renewable energy has an important role in attaining environmental quality. Numerous studies have determined the factors driving the diminishment or promotion of renewable energy consumption (REC) globally. Despite the findings of prior studies, the specific effects of climate policy uncertainty (CPU) and global economic policy uncertainty (GEPU) on REC have not been probed in the case of BRICS economies. Furthermore, fewer considerations have been taken into account to explore whether green environmental policies (EPs) have a moderating role. Therefore, the present work contributes to filling the gap by providing an empirical model and assessing the panel quantile data and fixed-effect methods used between 2010 and 2020. The findings reveal that the expansion of the financial market, inflowing FDI, rising international remittances, developing environmental innovation, and increasing CPU are significant factors promoting REC while unfavorably increasing CO2, economic activity, and GEPU impact. Notably, the results underscore that EPs have a significant positive effect, and stricter ecological strategies lead to a rise in REC. In addition, the findings highlight that by implementing stricter EPs, the effect of CPU on REC becomes more positive, and the negative effect of GEPU on REC is more controlled. In particular, the significant interaction effects highlight that the beneficial role of EPs is more pronounced in nations with strong EPs relative to low EPs. Overall, EPs have a substantial beneficial role in promoting REC when CPU and GEPU arise. These findings are reliable after using numerous measurements and methods, and several policy recommendations are suggested to governments, policymakers, and regulatory bodies.
Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer and Flow Dynamics in Tubes with DNA-Inspired Slotted Inserts
Authors: Zhu Penglong , Sun Guoxiu , Liu Ruimeng , Zhou Sicong , Hu Baisong , Zhang Shaofeng
Published: January 2025

Within the realm of industrial energy conservation, the optimization of heat exchanger performance is paramount for the augmentation of energy utilization efficiency. This investigation employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to elucidate the effects of an innovative DNA-Inspired Slotted Insert (DSI) on the convective heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics within heat exchange tubes. The study provides a thorough analysis of fully turbulent flow (Re = 6600–17,200), examining the effects of various DSI pitches, key lengths, and geometries. The findings reveal that the DSI instigates a three-dimensional spiral flow pattern, which is accompanied by an escalation in the Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) with increasing Reynolds numbers. An inverse relationship between Nu and both pitch and key length is observed; conversely, f exhibits a direct correlation with these parameters. The study identifies an optimal configuration characterized by a pitch of 10 mm and a key length of 1.5 mm, with square keys demonstrating superior heat transfer performance relative to other geometrical configurations. This research contributes significant design and application insights for double-helical inserts, which are pivotal for the enhancement of heat exchanger efficiency.