bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Corrosion Performance Of Metals In An Experimental Biodiesel Vehicle Motor
Authors: Montero G. , Valdez B. , Coronado M. , Schorr M. , Eliezer A. , García C.
Published: December 2016

The aim of this work was to assess the corrosion and degradation effects of a biofuel on metallic materials tested in an experimental internal combustion engine (ICE). Biodiesel is considered as an alternative fuel for diesel, for industrial applications ranging from boilers to ICE. The experimental vehicle motor, fitted with carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys was operated with local biodiesel. The corrosion performance was evaluated by gravimetric, chemical and electrochemical techniques, following the practices recommended in ASTM and NACE standards for corrosion testing. This work is the result of an international cooperation between the Institute of Engineering, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexico and the Corrosion Research Center, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Israel. The characteristics and conditions of the ICE operated with biodiesel, and the results of the corrosion essays are presented, analyzed and discussed.
Dependence of the Oppel-Kundt illusion on configuration of the components
Authors: Bondarko V.M. , Bondarko D.V. , Chikhman V.N.
Published: December 2016

We studied a size estimation of spatial intervals, which were limited by two straight or curved lines. Intervals widths varied from 2.56 to 3.12 deg. Additional lines could be within intervals. The task of the observers was to estimate the separation between the distant lines. Three experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, several additional lines divided spatial intervals into equal parts. Thus, we investigated the Oppel-Kundt illusion. We founded the invariant dependence of the illusion on number of lines with respect to the interval size. In the second experiment, only two additional lines were arranged inside the interval on different distances. Maximal illusion was obtained for the equal distance between the all four lines. In the third experiment, the two curved parallel lines limited spatial interval. Two other equidistant lines could be within the intervals. Revealed here illusions were greater than illusions for the intervals bounded by straight lines. Model of modules gave a good approximation to data of the Oppel-Kund illusion.
Modifying body schemata in skinks Tiliqua gigas
Authors: Khvatov I.A. , Sokolov A.Y. , Kharitonov A.N.
Published: December 2016

Body schemata in skinks Tiliqua gigas were studied using a procedure in which the animals had to take into account the enlarged limits of their bodies while finding way through the holes of different diameters in the experimental setup. The skinks were demonstrated the ability to learn to take into account the natural limits of their bodies when interacting with environmental objects, and, when the limits of their bodies were changed, to modify the body schema, that is, to take into account the increase in their body size for orientation in the environment. The experimental index of the schema modification was the reduction of number of unsuccessful attempts to put the head into the holes through which their previously unmodified body could penetrate. The skinks also demonstrated the ability to transfer the previously formed habit to a new situation with changed positions of the holes.
Theory of mind and thinking development of preschool children
Authors: Ermakov P.N. , Vorobyeva E.V. , Kaidanovskaya I.A. , Strelnikova E.O.
Published: December 2016

The paper is devoted to a comparative study of psychodiagnostic formation of theory of mind (using task of understanding false beliefs of other people) and the level of thought development of preschool children by Piaget. The study involved 56 children aged 3 to 5.5 years (27 boys and 29 girls). We used technique for the diagnosis of formation of theory of mind, and to assess the development of thinking in children. As a result, it was found that indicators of formation of theory of mind and indicators of development thinking by Piaget in the high degree of consistency. Children who understand the presence of the other person false beliefs, are also able to anticipate the results of the substantive action, to understand the laws of conservation of matter and are capable of thinking decentration.
Castanhas e cascavelhos – ou como um regionalismo do Minho evidencia a relação entre as vivências e a língua
Authors: Teixeira José
Published: December 2016

A partir da palavra “cascavelho” utilizada por um entrevistado do Perfil Sociolinguístico da Fala Bracarense (e dado o facto de que nenhum dicionário da Língua Portuguesa a regista), efetuou-se um conjunto de mais de 500 inquéritos feitos no Norte de Portugal para tentar perceber:1. A atual existência ou não da palavra no léxico regional da zona geográfica que inclui a fala bracarense;2. A dimensão sócio-cognitiva que a palavra evidencia;3. A relação entre o conhecimento da palavra e as dimensões regionais e etárias;4. O léxico como um sistema aberto, composto por unidades que foram estruturantes, mas que podem desaparecer sem (quase) deixarem vestígios.
Recensión: Carolina Pérez Capelo, Toponimia e variación dialectal. Os topónimos rematados en -oa, -oá, -úa, -uá
Authors: Martínez-Lema Paulo
Published: December 2016

Recensión: Carolina Pérez Capelo, Toponimia e variación dialectal. Os topónimos rematados en -oa, -oá, -úa, -uá, Santiago de Compostela, Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, 2015, 128 páxinas.
A study of 200 cases of pityriasis versicolor: the distribution of age, gender, blood group, lesion morphology, hemoglobin levels, cholesterol levels and diabetic status
Authors: G. Meera , S. Thilak , Joshua Jefferson
Published: December 2016

Background: Pityriasis versicolor is a Malassezia-associated opportunistic skin infection prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical regions like India. This study describes the distribution of age, gender, blood group, lesion morphology, hemoglobin levels, cholesterol levels and diabetic status in pityriasis versicolor subjects.

Methods: 200 subjects confirmed to have pityriasis versicolor by KOH mounts were assessed and the results tabulated.

Results: Subjects in the 2nd and 3rd decade of life were most commonly infected with cases also showing a female preponderance. Most subjects with pityriasis versicolor were found to be Rh positive. Achromic lesions were most common, and anaemia was common among the pityriasis versicolor positive subjects. Diabetes and hypercholesterolemia weren’t particularly common in subjects with pityriasis versicolor.

Conclusions: The study elucidates the behaviour of tinea versicolor in a clinical setting by describing its basic demographic data, clinical presentation, and association with some common co-morbidities relevant to an Indian clinical setting.
Implementing the competences-based students-centered learning approach in Architectural Design Education. The case of the T MEDA Pilot Architectural Program at the Hashemite University (Jordan)
Authors: Al Husban Ahmad A. S. , Al Husban Safa A. M. , Al Betawi Yamen
Published: December 2016

Higher educational systems become increasingly oriented towards the competences-based student-centered learning and outcome approach. Worldwide, these systems are focusing on the students as a whole: focusing on their dimensional, intellectual, professional, psychological, moral, and spiritual. This research was conducted in an attempt to answer the main research question: how can the architectural design courses be designed based on the required competences and how can the teaching, learning activities and assessment methods be structured and aligned in order to allow students to achieve and reach the intended learning outcomes? This research used a case study driven best practice research method to answer the research questions based on the T MEDA pilot architectural program that was implemented at the Hashemite University, Jordan. This research found that it is important for architectural education to adapt the students-centered learning method. Such approach increases the effectiveness of teaching and learning methods, enhances the design studio environment, and focuses on students’ engagement to develop their design process and product. Moreover, this research found that using different assessment methods in architectural design courses help students to develop their learning outcomes; and inform teachers about the effectiveness of their teaching process. Furthermore, the involvement of students in assessment produces effective learning and enhances their design motivation. However, applying competences-based students-centered learning and outcome approach needs more time and staff to apply. Another problem is that some instructors resist changing to the new methods or approaches because they prefer to use their old and traditional systems. The application for this method at the first time needs intensive recourses, more time, and good cooperation between different instructors and course coordinator. However, within the time this method will be more useful and interesting for the teacher and more effective and formative for students. Finally, the development of architectural academic staff is needed to increase awareness of learning needs of all architectural students. This requires redesigning and aligning their curriculum and courses syllabus according to the requirements of new methods.
KISAH KELUARGA TELADAN DALAM AL QUR�AN (INSPIRASI MEMBANGUN NEGARA YANG THAYYIBAH)
Authors: Sholihin Rahmat
Published: December 2016

This article aims to discuss some exemplary family stories in the Koranthat could be an inspiration to build a strong nation. This is because a greatstrong nation contains of individuals who grew up in families. Family, thus,became the first school (madrasah ula) for an individual. There are at leastsix families who become the focus of this paper; the family of Imran,Ibrahim as., Luqman, Ya'qub as, Daud as, and Syuaib as. These Familiescan become inspirations in realizing the solid state and civil society
RISALAH SAKRAT AL-MAUT KARYA ABDURRAUF SINGKEL (Penelitian Filologis Atas Naskah Nagara)
Authors: Fathullah Munadi Abu Qasim, Muhammad Yusuf,
Published: December 2016

The Text of Sakrat al-Maut written by Abdurrauf Assingkili that was collected along with the text of Syar?b al-?syiq?n written by Syekh Hamzah Fansuri and the text of Hujjatus Shidd?q written by Syekh Nuruddin Arranir as well as other writings in the manuscript of Nagara strengthens the influence of the Islamic scholars on Islamic studies in Banjar. Philologically, this manuscript was regarded as a copy made in the 19th century, and it was not the initial manuscript written by Sheikh Abdurrauf in the 17th century. The circulation of Sakrat al-Maut manuscripts is not widespread. It is evident with the minimal number of manuscripts that were found / recorded in the catalog. In Banjar, the teachings contained in the manuscript text of Sakrat al-Maut is not fully adopted by next Banjar scholars.
AJARAN TASAWUF TAREKAT TIJANIYAH
Authors: 'Ainah Noor
Published: December 2016

Tarekat adalah jalan atau petunjuk dalam melaksanakan suatu ibadah sesuai denganajaran yang dibawa oleh Rasulullah saw. dan dicontohkan oleh beliau, para sahabat,tabii dan tabi tabiin. Lewat ajarannya tentang proses tabiyah ruhiah (pendidikanruhani) dapat dilihat tarekatnya sebagai upaya meraih posisi warasat al-anbiya (pewarispara nabi). Tampilnya seorang sufi di tengah masyarakat merupakan bentuk laindari ketaatannya pada Allah dan rasul-Nya. Peranan para sufi begitu penting dalamkehidupan masyarakat dalam melakukan dakwah Islam. Para sufi tidak selayaknyajika hanya mementingkan kontemplasi dan zikr, lantas mengabaikan masyarakatyang memerlukan bimbingan.
STUDI PEMIKIRAN HADIS ULAMA MESIR: Konsep Im�m al-Sy�fi�� tentang Sunnah dan Solusi Had�ts Mukhtalif
Authors: Dalhari Dalhari
Published: December 2016

Tulisan ini menguraikan tentang pandangan Imm al-Syfi kedudukan sunnah yangmerupakan tradisi berasal dari Nabi saw. dan penyelesaian hadis yang secararedaksional berbeda menurut sebagian ulama. Dalam pemikiran al-Syfi sunnahmeskipun diriwayatkan oleh satu orang saja, akan tetapi memenuhi syarat kesahihanhadis yang dirumuskan oleh ulama, maka dalam menetapkan hukum harusdidahulukan dari praktek hidup masyarakat apalagi keputusan akal semata. Dalamtulisan ini juga diuraikan bahwa Imm al-Syfi merumuskan suatu jawaban dalammenyikapi beberapa Hadis yang oleh sebagian pihak dinilai bertentangan, denganteori al-jam, nsikh-manskh, tarjh dan tanawwu al-Ibdah.
GENEALOGI ALIRAN SYI�AH
Authors: Asmaran As Asmaran As
Published: December 2016

This paper intends to address the emerging of Shiite genealogy in the history of Islamic thought. There are somequestion that needs to be asked: What is the Shiite? Furthermore, what is the background of the rise of the Shiite?As for the writer, Shiite is a group of Muslims who believe that the successor (khalifa) on leadership (Imamate) bothin the field of religion and politics after the Prophets death was Ali bin Abi Talib, cousin of Prophet Muhammadand his descendants were called Ahli bayt. There are several theories about the background of Shiite. Some said it iscaused by the privilege of Ali in comparating with the other prophets companion. Some said it is caused by theinfluence of non islamic cultural and religious teachings such as Persian and Jews. Some said it is caused by thepolitical conflicts in the Islamic community after the death of the Prophet. For the Shiites themselves believe that thequestion of replacement of the Prophet, that Ali bin Abi Talib, has got the legitimacy of both the Quran andHadith.
TUJUAN DAN MANFAAT PERJANJIAN PERKAWINAN
Authors: Faradz Haedah
Published: December 2016

Societal perception which still consider dim towards Marriage Agreement makes Marriage Agreement seldom doing by layman. This case happens because Marriage Agreement considers does not ethic, and even does not fit with oriental custom. Actually Law No.1 Year 1974 concerning Marriage law has not yet  cleared to arrange Marriage Agreement, it only declares that both parties that is husband and wife, article 29 Law No.1 Year 1974 mentioned above can conclude that inscribed Agreement which mentioned is Marriage Agreement. In fact Marriage Agreement carries a nice purpose and profit, because it is a preventive action to simplify distribution of their property. Kata kunci: Perkawinan dan perjanjian
MUTUAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE TREATIES (MLATs) SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PEMBERANTASAN KEJAHATAN INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Indriati Noer
Published: December 2016

International contractual law is an order which must respect and adhered by pertinent of the parties in agreement. The formal and informal relation between the citizen or corporate have very intensively. International badness which pass boundaries jurisdiction of the state have increase in the form which is sophisticated and the frequency which progressively often. Because of international badness which have more progressively is needed cooperation between the state which it is more coordinated as straightening of law. Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATS) emerge because eradication of insufficient badness upheld by agreement of extradition. Form of Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATS) have agreed on, for example United Nations Convention Against Corruption Year 2003, United nations Conventions Against Transnational Organized Crime Year 2000. While in the level of ASEAN, Treaty Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters year 2004. Kata kunci: kejahatan internasional, perjanjian internasional
PENGAWASAN SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PENEGAKAN HUKUM PADA PENGELOLAAN USAHA PERTAMBANGAN MINERAL DAN BATUBARA
Authors: Puluhulawa Fenty U.
Published: December 2016

This research is intended to explain the monitoring as an instrument of law enforcement, to examine how the intensity of supervision on the business of mineral and coal, which is expected to support the establishment of law enforcement. The method in this study are socio juridical, with qualitative and quantitative methods. Research shows that in terms of planning and coordination of implementation supervision has not been implemented optimally, so that does not yet support the establishment of law enforcement. Based on this, it is necessary to the formation of an integrated environmental licensing system specialized in the management of the mining business.Keywords: monitoring, law enforcement, mining
PROFESIONALISME POLISI DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM
Authors: Raharjo Agus , Angkasa Angkasa
Published: December 2016

Violence is often done by police in the investigation to get a confession the suspect. This behavior has become a habit that can be referenced from various research results, which are caused by lack of supervisory agency investigation, an incomplete legal instruments, the protection of the institution, and the unprofessional attitude of the police. This situation causes no chance to fight for a suspect his rights and the perpetrators of violence inaccessible. Professionalism associated with standardized moral issues into the code of conduct, and any violation of ethics code indicates a problem in the body of moral police. There should be a moral improvement in the investigator for investigation can take place properly and correctly according to expectations. Key words: police violence, investigation, criminal justice system, code of conduct
TANGGUNG JAWAB RUMAH SAKIT TERHADAP KERUGIAN AKIBAT KELALAIAN TENAGA KESEHATAN DAN IMPLIKASINYA
Authors: Wahyudi Setya
Published: December 2016

Justification hospital responsible for the losses resulting from the negligence of health workers in hospitals, namely the existence of the doctrine of respondeat superior, the doctrine of the hospital responsible for the quality of care (duty to care); and doctrine of vicarious liability, hospital liability, corporate liability. These doctrines are implemented on the provisions of Article 46 of Law Hospital in Indonesia, which determines that the hospital liable for all losses incurred on the negligence of health personnel in hospitals. The implications of the provisions was not easy for the public / patients to make compensation claims to the hospital, because it turns out there are reasons that can cause not all acts of negligence of health workers in hospitals is responsibility of the hospital. These reasons, such as health workers are not workers in the hospital; not know what parts are included in the therapeutic agreement with the doctor and what parts are included into the into the contract with the hospital.Key words: hospital responbility; negligence, health workers
DAMPAK HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL YANG BERSIFAT KAPITALISTIK TERHADAP HARMONISASI HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL PENGUSAHA DENGAN PEKERJA (Studi Kasus di PT Fiscous South Pacifik Kabupaten Purwakarta)
Authors: Gunarto H
Published: December 2016

The implementation of the concept on freedom of rights for association of trade union is facing the phenomenon of liberal capitalistic global economic trends characterized by conflicting industrial relations. The problems  in this research, What are the impacts of the implementation of the concept on freedom  for association in trade unions to industrial relations which is capitalistic to the workers’ welfare?. To answer these three problems, the writer used qualitative analysis with constructivism paradigm. This study draws some conclusions as follows, the implementation of the concept on freedom for association in trade unions, which is capitalistic, affects the following: (1) the high rates on labor strike, (2) the increasing number of disputes on industrial relations between the entrepreneurs and the workers. Keywords: impact, industrial relations, capitalism
PENERAPAN PRINSIP TANGGUNG GUGAT DALAM PELAKSANAAN TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL PERUSAHAAN DALAM RANGKA IMPLEMENTASI TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE DI INDONESIA
Authors: Milamarta Misahardi
Published: December 2016

The goal of this research is to determine the application of the accountability principle in the implementation of corporate social responsibility within the framework of implementation of triple bottom line in Indonesia. It is a normative legal research using secondary dan primary data. Seconda-ry data obtained through libabry research, while the primary data obtained through in-depth interviews. To ensure the data validity is used the criticism source. Data were analyzed using editing analysis style. The results of this study indicate that the application of an accountability principle is not easy. Standard or criteria that must be applied in case relating to the application of an accountability principle should clearly and objectively. Keywords :  an accountability principle, corporate social responsibility, triple bottom line.
PERMASALAHAN DAN KENDALA PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KONSUMEN MELALUI BADAN PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KONSUMEN (BPSK)
Authors: Kurniawan Kurniawan
Published: December 2016

Consumer dispute can be resolved through on courts or outside the court based on voluntary choice of the parties. Settlement of dispute through the court provisions on the article 45. Dispute of the settlement can be solved out the court by using Consumer Dispute Settlement Body (BPSK).The purpose of establshing BPSK is to protec consumer and producer by designing consumer protection system that contain legal certainty and transparency the information. The existence of BPSK expected equality of justice especially to consumer that aggrieved by consumer. It because the dispute between consumer and producer generally involved in small value so that the consumer hesitate to registered his case to judicial process. There is no adequate between the court fee and indemnification perceived. The problems that the decision of BPSK has characteristic final and binding however it can be carried out to the district court and the decision cannot be executed directly or realized.  Keywords: consumers right, consumer’s protection, dispute resolution.
PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA INFORMAL BERBASIS KOMUNITAS ADAT TERPENCIL DI KEPULAUAN KANGEAN (Pilihan Hukum dan Posisi dalam Sistem Hukum Negara)
Authors: Yulianti Rina , MaharaniMTV Sri
Published: December 2016

The principle of legal procedure which is simple, fast and low cost cannot conducted in term of practice of the court in an Indigenous society. Although, it is implemented in such of remote island, the informal dispute resolution based on indigenous community in Kangean Island is expected to simplify an society access to justice and equality before the law. This research aims at giving the legitimacy of the informal dispute settlement mechanism to the indigenous society, which is far away from the access of the formal justice. The methods used in this research are a combination of statute, conceptual and case approach. The result of this research of this research states that chances of building a justice, at the village level can be embodied through such of judicial construction of judiciary function into a village government system. Through the codification of customary laws and traditional mechanisms in to the structures of village governance is expected to provide legal protection for the informal dispute resolution                                                        Key words : Informal dispute resolution, access to justice, formal justice
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PEREMPUAN DALAM PROSES GUGAT CERAI (KHULU’) DI PENGADILAN AGAMA PALEMBANG
Authors: Syaifuddin Syaifuddin , Turatmiyah Sri
Published: December 2016

Divorce cases in the Islamic Court of Palembang (Pengadilan Agama Palembang) becomes the top of the list, during the year 2009 (72%), 2010 (72%) and 2011 (in June) about 70%. The purpose of this study is to analyze the causes of high divorce rate happening in the city of Palembang, beside to explain the forms of legal protection and analyzes the factors that becoming obstacles for the wife in a filed divorced. The research was conducted with a Normative-Juridical approach which is completed with Empirical Juridical, The location is in the jurisdiction of the Islamic Courts in Palembang (Pengadilan Agama Palembang. Causes of high divorce cases in the city of Palembang, among others: a) economic factors; b) Lack of responsibility; c) a young age and no permanent employment; d) cheating and Unhealthy polygamy as well as domestic violence.  Legal protection towards wives who filed the divorce, in Indonesian legal system has been arranged as equality in law and equal treatment before the law and the right to justice. Barriers toward the wife filing the divorce among others: cultural factors, economic dependence, lack of knowledge, and bias Perspective of judges who tend to blame the women, the long process of trial and expensive fees to be paid, also Over valued self-esteem in Indonesian people's community, as well as women's rights arenot easily executed.                                                                                                   Key words: legal protection, divorce process
THE ANALYSIS TOWARDS STATE APPARATUS COMMISSION ROLE IN ASN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN INDONESIA
Authors: Rakhmawanto Ajib
Published: December 2016

In administrating bureaurcy business process, professional state apparatus are needed. Law number 5 of 2014 about the state civil apparatus mentions management based on merit that supposed to be supervised by an independen institution: State Apparatuss Commision (KASN). This article aims to analyze the KASN, and identify its task, function, and responsibilities. The analysis showed that KASN was formed to create professional state apparatus and supervise the merit system based management. The function of KASN becomes ineffective considering there is NCSA, an establish body with a role to supervise the ASN management. KASN will cause an overlapping and conflict of interest between the two institutions. Key words: State Apparatus Law, government institution, KASN
A FAST PROCEDURE AS AN ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN ORDER TO REALIZE A SIMPLE, FAST, AND LOW COST PRINCIPLE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Afriana Anita
Published: December 2016

Civil disputes resolution in court has complicated procedures. For the parties with small value of claims, the settlement through the court with a convoluted procedure is not an appropriate choice because time spent in the court is not comparable to the value of the dispute. On the  other hand, the settlement by arbitration and alternative dispute resolution sometimes considered insufficient to provide legal certainty. The objective of this article is to analyze fast procedures that are used in the settlement of a lawsuit simply as a means of access to justice, and the prospects of fast procedures in the civil judicial system of Indonesia. The approach used is normative juridical. The results shows that the regulation of fast procedures in indonesia is an advancement as a means of access to justice but it still required socialization to the public about fast procedure and simple lawsuit.Keywords :  Access To Justice, Fast Procedures, Simple Lawsuit,  Private Dispute
An Experimental Study of Mortars with Recycled Ceramic Aggregates. Deduction and Prediction of the Stress-Strain
Authors: Cabrera-Covarrubias F. Guadalupe , Gómez-Soberón J. Manuel , Almaral-Sánchez J. Luis , Arredondo-Rea S. Paola , Gómez-Soberón M. Consolación , Corral-Higuera Ramón
Published: December 2016

The difficult current environmental situation, caused by construction industry residues containing ceramic materials could be improved by using these materials as recycled aggregates in mortars, with their processing causing a reduction in their use in landfill, contributing to recycling and also minimizing the consumption of virgin materials. Although some research is currently being carried out into recycled mortars, little is known about their stress-strain (σ-ε); therefore this work will provide the experimental results obtained from recycled mortars with recycled ceramic aggregates (with contents of 0, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 100%), such as: the density, the compression strength, as well as the σ-ε curves representative of their behavior. The values obtained from the analysis process of the results are those of: σ (elastic ranges and failure maximum), ε (elastic ranges and failure maximum), and Resilience and Toughness; in order to finally obtain, through numerical analysis, the equations to predict their behavior (related to their recycled content). At the end of the investigation it is established that mortars with recycled ceramic aggregate contents of up to 20% could be assimilated just like mortars with the usual aggregates, and the prediction equations produced could be used in cases of similar applications.
ROLE RELATION NEGOTIATION BETWEEN NATIVE SPEAKER AND INDONESIAN EFL-LEARNER IN AN ENGLISH CASUAL CONVERSATION
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi
Published: December 2016

Dialogue is the means language gives us for expressing interpersonal meanings about roles and attitudes. Being able to take part in dialogue means being able to negotiate the exchange of interpersonal meanings and being able to realize social relations with other language users. This study aims at describing the patterns of role relation negotiation as the realization of interpersonal meaning in an English casual conversation between native speaker (NS) and Indonesian EFL-learner (NNS). The patterns were studied through the choice of speech functions when the interactants act on each other. The results of this study show that NNS plays his role as initiator, while NS as supporter; the conversation is the one of information negotiation rather than goods and services negotiation. 

 

Key words: casual conversation, interpersonal meaning, role relation negotiation, speech function
KEPADUAN WACANA LISAN TALK SHOW INDONESIA LAWYERS CLUB (ILC) SECARA KOHESIF
Authors: Ilham Baiq Ningsum , Sumarlam Sumarlam , Kristina Diah
Published: December 2016

Latar belakang: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) Aspek gramatikal dalam wacana lisan talk show ILC, (2) Mendeskripsikan aspek leksikal pada wacana lisan talk show ILC, (3) Mendeskripsikan kepaduan wacana lisan yang didukung oleh aspek kohesi gramatikal dan leksikal pada talk show ILC.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini berupa siaran talk show ILC. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan mengguanakan metode simak dan teknik catat. Teknik analisis dengan menggunakan metode ditribusional dilanjutkan dengan teknik ganti dan teknik lesap.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini, menunjukkan bahwa wacana lisan talk show ILC merupakan sebuah wacana yang padu karena didukung oleh penanda kohesi gramatikal dan leksikal. Dalam wacana lisan talk show ini ditemukan adanya empat aspek kohesi gramatikal yaitu, referensi, substitusi, elifsis dan konjungsi. Kohesi gramatikal ini didominasi oleh penggunaan referensi sebanyak 1092 (64,19%), kemudian aspek konjungsi 519 (30,515), aspek substitusi 62 (3,64%), dan elifsis   28 (1,64%). Selain itu, dalam wacana lisan talk show ILC ini juga terdapat  aspek kohesi leksikal yaitu, repetisi sebanyak 214 (66,66%), sinonim 24 (7,47%), antonim 28 (8,72%), kolokasi 16 (6,92%), hiponim 20 (6,23%), dan ekuivalensi 21 (6,54%).

 
Kata kunci: aspek gramatikal, aspek leksikal, wacana lisan, talk show ILC
ANALISIS SOSIOPRAGMATIK PADA TINDAK TUTUR KOMUNITAS PEMAIN GAME ONLINE DI KOTA SOLO
Authors: Raymonda Andreas , Djatmika Djatmika , Subroto Edi
Published: December 2016

This paper was aimed to discuss speech act patterns in online gamer community and to uncover the details of specific terms used by that community, especially those found in Solo. Some approaches and theories about sociopragmatics were used for data analysis dealing with the types and functions of speech act as well as the specific terms used by that online gamer community stayed in Solo. By implementing context analysis method, data collected from participation observation technique, unstructured interview, and elicitation, speech act types from that community could be specified based on the frequency of usage. The highest to the lowest usage speech act types were directive, assertive, expressive, commisive, verdictive, and declarative. Noun was found as the most used class of words in specific terms and followed by the emerge of smaller percentage word class of verb, adjective, and adverb.

 

Key words: sosiopragmatics, speech act, specific term, online game community
Innovation for Resilient Coastal Structures to Reduce Tsunami Disaster
Authors: Isobe Masahiko ,   Kochi University of Technology  Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan,   ,
Published: December 2016

The Great East Japan Earthquake Tsunami on March 11, 2011, caused unprecedented damage mainly in northeast Japan. This paper introduces the characteristics of the tsunami and resultant damage. The mechanism of the breaching of coastal structures and the effect of surviving structures on damage reduction in land are discussed. Then, a two-level tsunami mitigation concept, proposed and adopted by a committee hosted by the Government for recovery and reconstruction, is introduced. Within this framework, coastal structures are required to be resilient to external forces exceeding the design level. Various technologies that have been developed based on experience and research after the tsunami are introduced.
Numerical Simulations of Storm-Surge Inundation Along Innermost Coast of Ariake Sea Based on Past Violent Typhoons
Authors: Hashimoto Noriaki ,   Kyushu University  744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan, Yokota Masaki , Yamashiro Masaru , Kinashi Yukihiro , Ide Yoshihiko , Kodama Mitsuyoshi ,   Kyushu Sangyo University, Fukuoka, Japan,   ,,   CTI Engineering Co.,Ltd, Fukuoka, Japan
Published: December 2016

The Ariake Sea has Japan’s largest tidal range – up to six meters. Given previous Ariake Sea disasters caused by storm surges and high waves, it is considered highly likely that the bay’s innermost coast will be damaged by typhoon-triggered storm surges. Concern with increased storm-surge-related disasters is associated with rising sea levels and increasing typhoon intensity due to global warming. As increasingly more potentially disastrous typhoons cross the area, preventing coastal disasters has become increasingly important. The first step toward doing so is damage prediction, which requires numerical simulation. Our study considers the tracks of typhoons considerably influencing the Ariake Sea. To examine storm-surge risk related to both inundation area and process, we calculated storm surges inundating the Sea’s innermost coastal area using an improved ocean-flow finite-volume coastal ocean model. Results showed that enhanced storm surges were to be anticipated and that inundation areas could be extensive where typhoons followed a route from west to northeast across the Sea. We also found that even under current climatic conditions, typhoons able to cause significant storm-surge and inundation disasters could adversely affect the Bay’s innermost coastal area. Our analysis of this area and process indicated that the inundation extent around the bay’s innermost coast varies with the typhoon, confirming the importance of determining typhoon routes triggering the potentially greatest inundation damage.
Using Data and Statistics to Explain Investment Effectiveness on Flood Protection
Authors: Tsukahara Kenichi ,   Disaster Risk Reduction Research Center, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nischi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan, Kachi Noriyasu ,   ,
Published: December 2016

Losses and damages caused by natural disasters have negatively impacted poverty alleviation and human development and undermine the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). However, disaster issues were not included in MDG targets set up in 2000. A new development agenda, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), was approved in the UN General Assembly in September 2015. In the SDGs, disaster issues are included in many targets such as target 11.5. To appropriately set targets and prepare monitoring measures for disaster-related issues, quantitatively measurable indicators of impacts of disaster risk reduction on economic growth and poverty alleviation should be prepared. In addition, to promote disaster prevention measures, we need to convince policy makers that such measures are highly essential for a country’s development and are cost-effective. Although the cost-effectiveness of single disaster prevention projects has been studied, aggregate effectiveness of these projects at a national level has not been presented. This study proposes a simple method to explain the cost-effectiveness of flood protection investment in Japan post World War II by using national aggregate data.
Financial Feasibility of Neighborhood-Level Relocation from Landslide Danger Zone
Authors: Kachi Noriyasu ,   Disaster Risk Reduction Research Center, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nischi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan, Tsukahara Kenichi ,   ,
Published: December 2016

Numerous landslides due to torrential rain have frequently occurred in the urban fringe of many cities in recent years. To protect residents from a landslide, there is a need that those living in landslide danger zones migrate to safer areas. In this study, we examined the financial feasibility of a scheme that enables residents in landslide danger zones to migrate to safe residential areas. The case study of the Kyushu region indicated that relocation for disaster adaptation is financially feasible for 20% of landslide danger zones in the region.
PERAN KECERDASAN EMOSI DALAM MENINGKATKAN TOLERANSI BERAGAMA
Authors: Ghufron M Nur
Published: December 2016

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kecerdasan emosi dengan toleransi beragama. Subyek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Pendidikan Agama  Islam, Jurusan Tarbiyah, Sekolah  Tinggi Agama Islam Kudus. Sampel (N = 94) dikumpulkan melalui convenience sampling, dengan mengisi angket dalam bentuk skala. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan positif antara kecerdasan emosi dengan  toleransi agama.
A Comparison of Operative and Nonoperative Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Authors: Secrist Eric S. , Frederick Robert W. , Tjoumakaris Fotios P. , Stache Stephen A. , Hammoud Sommer , Freedman Kevin B.
Published: December 2016

➢ Intention to resume high-risk sports activity is a major motivating factor for patients who elect anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction rather than nonoperative treatment.

➢ Some patients are able to cope with an ACL-deficient knee and resume preinjury activity levels, including level-1 sports (football, basketball, soccer, etc.), following nonoperative treatment; however, activity levels correlate with injury risk in ACL-deficient knees.

➢ Patients who have an ACL injury along with concomitant meniscal injury are at increased risk for osteoarthritis. It is unclear what effect reconstruction of an isolated ACL injury has on future osteoarthritis risk in ACL-deficient patients who are identified as “copers.”

➢ There are distinct biomechanical differences between copers and noncopers, but no reliable screening tools are currently able to predict which patients will become copers following nonoperative treatment of an ACL injury.

➢ A trial of nonoperative treatment, including perturbation exercises, to determine whether reconstruction is needed does not increase the risk of additional knee injury.
Response of Six Turfgrass Species and Four Weeds to Three HPPD‐Inhibiting Herbicides
Authors: Brewer John R. , Willis John , Rana Sandeep S. , Askew Shawn D.
Published: December 2016

Core Ideas

Tembotrione controlled weeds selectively in bluegrass, fescue, and zoysiagrass turf.

Topramezone controlled key weeds better than mesotrione and tembotrione.

Topramezone was among the safest herbicides on four of the six turfgrasses tested.

Results will aid herbicidal‐risk assessment near potentially sensitive turfgrass species.

The study supports considerations for herbicide label expansion or registration in turf.

Mesotrione (2‐[4‐(methylsulfonyl)‐2‐nitrobenzoyl]‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione), tembotrione (2‐[2‐chloro‐4‐(methylsulfonyl)‐3‐[(2,2,2‐trifluoroethoxy)methyl]benzoyl]‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione), and topramezone ([3‐(4,5‐dihydro‐3‐isoxazolyl)‐2‐methyl‐4‐(methylsulfonyl)phenyl](5‐hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)methanone) are new herbicides that control many troublesome weeds, but little is known about the response of several turfgrass species to these herbicides. A multiyear study was conducted to determine the response of six turfgrass species and four weeds to these three herbicides. Study results generally agreed with previous reports of turfgrass and weed response to mesotrione, and suggest that tembotrione could be safely used, depending on rate, to control weeds such as smooth crabgrass [Digitaria ischemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl.], broadleaf plantain (Plantago major L.), and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) selectively in tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons.], Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) turf. Topramezone at 36.8 g a.i. ha−1 controlled smooth crabgrass and white clover better than mesotrione or tembotrione, and smooth crabgrass control by topramezone had similar results as in other studies. Predicted maximum turfgrass injury based on the Gaussian function applied over time generally showed that maximum injury caused by topramezone was less than tembotrione and mesotrione on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), less than tembotrione and equivalent to mesotrione on tall fescue and perennial ryegrass, equivalent to tembotrione and more than mesotrione on bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], and more than tembotrione and mesotrione on zoysiagrass. The area under the progress curve per day of visual injury and normalized difference vegetation index were consistent with trends in predicted maximum injury.
Evaluation of Fecal Indicators and Pathogens in a Beef Cattle Feedlot Vegetative Treatment System
Authors: Durso Lisa M. , Miller Daniel N. , Snow Daniel D. , Henry Christopher G. , Santin Monica , Woodbury Bryan L.
Published: December 2016

Runoff from open‐lot animal feeding areas contains microorganisms that may adversely affect human and animal health if not properly managed. One alternative to full manure containment systems is a vegetative treatment system (VTS) that collects runoff in a sediment basin and then applies it to a perennial vegetation (grass) treatment area that is harvested for hay. Little is known regarding the efficacy of large‐scale commercial VTSs for the removal of microbial contaminants. In this study, an active, pump‐based VTS designed and built for a 1200‐head beef cattle feedlot operation was examined to determine the effects of repeated feedlot runoff application on fecal indicator microorganisms and pathogens over short‐term (2 wk) and long‐term (3 yr) operations and whether fecal bacteria were infiltrating into deeper soils within the treatment area. In a short‐term study, fecal bacteria and pathogen numbers declined over time in soil. Measurements of total coliforms and Enterococcus counts taken on control soils were not effective as fecal indicators. The repeated application of manure‐impacted runoff as irrigation water did not enrich the pathogens or fecal indicators in the soil, and no evidence was seen to indicate that pathogens were moving into the deeper soil at this site. These results indicate that large‐scale, active VTSs reduce the potential for environmental contamination by manure‐associated bacteria. Also, this study has implications to full‐containment systems that apply runoff water to land application areas (cropland) and the fate of pathogens in the soils of land application sites.

Core Ideas

Repeated application of runoff did not enrich pathogens or indicators in the soil.

No evidence of vertical migration of pathogens in the soil profile was found.

Pathogens were reduced via infiltration and cell death over time in the soil.

Total coliform and Enterococcus counts are not reliable for environmental samples.
Agronomic Values of Anaerobically Digested Cattle Manure and the Separated Solids for Barley Forage Production
Authors: Hao Xiying , Thomas Ben W. , Nelson Virginia , Li Xiaomei
Published: December 2016

Core Ideas

Agronomic values of anaerobically digested solid cattle manure are poorly defined.

Separated solids of anaerobically digested cattle manure supplied N similar to cattle manure.

Anaerobically digested cattle manure had high NH4–N/total N ratio.

Anaerobically digested cattle manure had less P buildup than cattle manure.

Digestate separated solids can be managed similar to cattle manure.

As biogas production expands, digestates from that industry are increasingly available as potential nutrient sources for crop production, but their agronomic value is poorly understood. Thus, a 5‐yr field experiment was conducted to determine the agronomic values of anaerobically digested solid beef cattle feedlot manure (ADM) and the separated solids (SS) from ADM under a semiarid reduced‐tillage dryland barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) forage cropping system. Three organic amendments, ADM, SS, and undigested solid beef cattle feedlot manure (CM), were applied annually at 200 or 400 kg total N ha−1for 4 yr, while the residual effect was examined in the fifth year. The higher N and P availability in ADM translated into greater barley forage yields, total N uptake, amendment‐derived N uptake, and apparent N recovery (ANR) from ADM‐amended soil than SS‐ and CM‐amended soils, while there were no significant differences between soils receiving SS or CM. The ANR was 22% for ADM but only 12% for CM and 9% for SS. In contrast, P uptake, the fraction of amendment‐derived P uptake, and apparent P recovery were similar among all amendments. Similar yields, ANR, post‐harvest soil NH4, NO3, and Olsen‐P concentrations between SS‐ and CM‐amended soils suggest that they have a comparable agronomic value. Less residual Olsen‐P in soil receiving ADM than SS or CM suggests that ADM is a lower risk for P accumulation when applied at N‐based rates. We recommend that current agronomic values for cattle feedlot manure could be applied to SS but not ADM.
The politics of water conservation: identifying and overcoming barriers to successful policies
Authors: Brown Kate Pride , Hess David J.
Published: December 2016

Policies that increase the reliance of a water-supply organization (WSO) on water conservation have economic and environmental benefits, but some cities and WSOs have been reluctant to pursue such policies to their full extent. Previous research has identified barriers such as WSOs’ concerns with revenue loss and consumers’ concerns with changes in lifestyle. Based on interviews in four US cities with representatives of local business, government, water supply, environmental and other organizations, our research shows how the reluctance to pursue water conservation policies (WCPs) to their fullest extent is also related to more general political factors. We bring together growth coalition theory and sociotechnical transition theory to show how opposition varies by type of water conservation policy, including the distinction between mandates and flexible policies and between end-use policies and infrastructure policies. This approach shows how the transition to higher levels of water conservation is a political process, and we argue that understanding both the political process and the political meanings of different WCPs provides insights into strategies and their potential efficacy.
A experiência do Consórcio Cincel no processo de democratização do acesso à informação para o Sistema Chileno de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação
Authors: Bravo-Marchant María Soledad
Published: December 2016

O artigo apresenta a experiência da Corporação Cincel no processo de democratização do acesso à informação científica no Chile na última década. Ele aborda aspectos institucionais, financeiros e programáticos e insiste na necessidade de se reduzir as assimetrias de informação mediante o delineamento e a execução de políticas públicas que agreguem valor público e que estejam abertas à avaliação e ao redelineamento.