bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Kettlebell Swing Load and Cadence on Physiological, Perceptual and Mechanical Variables
Authors: Duncan Michael , Gibbard Rosanna , Raymond Leanne , Mundy Peter
Published: August 2015

This study compared the physiological, perceptual and mechanical responses to kettlebell swings at different loads and swing speeds. Following familiarization 16 strength trained participants (10 males, six females, mean age ± SD = 23 ± 2.9) performed four trials: 2 min kettlebell swings with an 8 kg kettlebell at a fast cadence; 2 min kettlebell swings with an 8 kg kettlebell at a slow cadence; 4 min kettlebell swings with a 4 kg kettlebell at a fast cadence; 4 min kettlebell swings with a 4 kg kettlebell at a slow cadence. Repeated measured analysis of variance indicated no significant differences in peak blood lactate or peak net vertical force across loads and cadences (P > 0.05). Significant main effect for time for heart rate indicated that heart rate was higher at the end of each bout than at mid-point (P = 0.001). A significant Load X cadence interaction for rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (P = 0.030) revealed that RPE values were significantly higher in the 8 kg slow cadence condition compared to the 4 kg slow (P = 0.002) and 4 kg fast (P = 0.016) conditions. In summary, this study indicates that the physiological and mechanical responses to kettlebell swings at 4 kg and 8 kg loads and at fast and slow cadence were similar, whereas the perceptual response is greater when swinging an 8 kg kettlebell at slow cadence.
Water Table Control for Increasing Yield and Saving Water in Cranberry Production
Authors: Pelletier Vincent , Gallichand Jacques , Gumiere Silvio , Pepin Steeve , Caron Jean
Published: August 2015

Water table control has been successfully tested to improve the sustainability of water management in cranberry production. In the province of Québec (Canada), three sites were investigated to determine the optimum water table depth below soil surface (WTD) using three criteria: (1) increasing yield without decreasing fruit quality; (2) minimizing the amount of water needed by the sprinkler system; and (3) avoiding hypoxic stresses in the rhizosphere. Our results show that the final yield, the berry sugar content, the total number of berries, the number of berries per upright, and the fruit set were maximized when the WTD was 60 cm. Sprinkler water savings of 77% were obtained where the WTD was shallower than 66 cm. In order to avoid hypoxic conditions due to poor drainage, the water level in the canals surrounding the beds should be lowered to 80 cm when a rainfall or a frost protection irrigation is anticipated. All sides of a block of beds must be surrounded by canals to ensure a uniform WTD and to avoid lateral hydraulic gradients that could cause peripheral seepage losses.
The Virus-Host Interplay: Biogenesis of +RNA Replication Complexes
Authors: Reid Colleen , Airo Adriana , Hobman Tom
Published: August 2015

Positive-strand RNA (+RNA) viruses are an important group of human and animal pathogens that have significant global health and economic impacts. Notable members include West Nile virus, Dengue virus, Chikungunya, Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus and enteroviruses of the Picornaviridae family.Unfortunately, prophylactic and therapeutic treatments against these pathogens are limited. +RNA viruses have limited coding capacity and thus rely extensively on host factors for successful infection and propagation. A common feature among these viruses is their ability to dramatically modify cellular membranes to serve as platforms for genome replication and assembly of new virions. These viral replication complexes (VRCs) serve two main functions: To increase replication efficiency by concentrating critical factors and to protect the viral genome from host anti-viral systems. This review summarizes current knowledge of critical host factors recruited to or demonstrated to be involved in the biogenesis and stabilization of +RNA virus VRCs.
Tripartite mutualism: Facilitation or trade‐offs between rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbionts of legume hosts
Authors: Ossler Julia N. , Zielinski Carissa A. , Heath Katy D.
Published: August 2015

• Premise of the study: Multiple mutualist effects (MMEs) are common in nature, yet we lack a predictive understanding of how two mutualists on the same host will influence each other and whether these effects will be positive or negative. Leguminous plants maintain root symbioses with two nutritional mutualists: rhizobia that fix atmospheric nitrogen and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) that increase phosphorus uptake. Both symbionts receive plant carbon, and host genetic networks that regulate colonization are partially shared by both symbioses; whether these factors generate trade‐offs or facilitation between rhizobial and AMF symbionts of legumes is not well known.

• Methods: We evaluated host allocation to each symbiont in three settings. First, in situ in a remnant prairie, then in a greenhouse experiment with multiple plant populations, and finally under manipulated rhizobium densities in the greenhouse.

• Key results: In the remnant prairie, rhizobium nodule number and colonization of AMF were positively correlated, and plants with increased nodule number had higher fitness in the field, generating indirect selection on the colonization of AMF. In the greenhouse experiment, allocation to each symbiont was genetically variable among populations, with some suggestion that rhizobium and AMF colonization are positively genetically correlated. Finally, increasing the number of rhizobia in the soil decreased AMF colonization.

• Conclusions: Our results suggest that trade‐offs between plant colonization by rhizobia and AMF are context dependent and might not be common under field conditions, but that physiological and/or genetic drivers couple these two symbioses in nature.
Interactions between plant size and canopy openness influence vital rates and life‐history tradeoffs in two neotropical understory herbs
Authors: Westerband Andrea C. , Horvitz Carol C.
Published: August 2015

• Premise of the study: For tropical forest understory plants, the ability to grow, survive, and reproduce is limited by the availability of light. The extent to which reproduction incurs a survival or growth cost may change with light availability, plant size, and adaptation to shade, and may vary among similar species.

• Methods: We estimated size‐specific rates of growth, survival, and reproduction (vital rates), for two neotropical understory herbs (order Zingiberales) in a premontane tropical rainforest in Costa Rica. During three annual censuses we monitored 1278 plants, measuring leaf area, number of inflorescences, and canopy openness. We fit regression models of all vital rates and evaluated them over a range of light levels. The best fitting models were selected using Akaike's Information Criterion.

• Key results: All vital rates were significantly influenced by size in both species, but not always by light. Increasing light resulted in higher growth and a higher probability of reproduction in both species, but lower survival in one species. Both species grew at small sizes but shrank at larger sizes. The size at which shrinkage began differed among species and light environments. Vital rates of large individuals were more sensitive to changes in light than small individuals.

• Conclusions: Increasing light does not always positively influence vital rates; the extent to which light affects vital rates depends on plant size. Differences among species in their abilities to thrive under different light conditions and thus occupy distinct niches may contribute to the maintenance of species diversity.
Long‐term shifts in the phenology of rare and endemic Rocky Mountain plants
Authors: Munson Seth M. , Sher Anna A.
Published: August 2015

• Premise of the study: Mountainous regions support high plant productivity, diversity, and endemism, yet are highly vulnerable to climate change. Historical records and model predictions show increasing temperatures across high elevation regions including the Southern Rocky Mountains, which can have a strong influence on the performance and distribution of montane plant species. Rare plant species can be particularly vulnerable to climate change because of their limited abundance and distribution.

• Methods: We tracked the phenology of rare and endemic species, which are identified as imperiled, across three different habitat types with herbarium records to determine if flowering time has changed over the last century, and if phenological change was related to shifts in climate.

• Key results: We found that the flowering date of rare species has accelerated 3.1 d every decade (42 d total) since the late 1800s, with plants in sagebrush interbasins showing the strongest accelerations in phenology. High winter temperatures were associated with the acceleration of phenology in low elevation sagebrush and barren river habitats, whereas high spring temperatures explained accelerated phenology in the high elevation alpine habitat. In contrast, high spring temperatures delayed the phenology of plant species in the two low‐elevation habitats and precipitation had mixed effects depending on the season.

• Conclusions: These results provide evidence for large shifts in the phenology of rare Rocky Mountain plants related to climate, which can have strong effects on plant fitness, the abundance of associated wildlife, and the future of plant conservation in mountainous regions.
Tetrathiafulvalene-based azine ligands for anion and metal cation coordination
Authors: Ayadi Awatef , El Alamy Aziz , Alévêque Olivier , Allain Magali , Zouari Nabil , Bouachrine Mohammed , El-Ghayoury Abdelkrim
Published: August 2015

The synthesis and full characterization of two tetrathiafulvalene-appended azine ligands, namely 2-([2,2’-bi(1,3-dithiolylidene)]-4-yl)-6-((2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazono)methyl)pyridine (L1) and 5-([2,2’-bi(1,3-dithiolylidene)]-4-yl)-2-((2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazono)methyl)pyridine (L2) are described. The crystal structure of ligandL1indicates that the ligand is completely planar with the presence of a strong intramolecular N3–H3···O1 hydrogen bonding. Titration experiments with inorganic anions showed that both ligands are suitable candidates for the sensing of fluoride anions. LigandL2was reacted with a Re(I) cation to yield the corresponding rhenium tricarbonyl complex3. In the crystal structure of the newly prepared electroactive rhenium complex the TTF is neutral and the rhenium cation is hexacoordinated. The electrochemical behavior of the three compounds indicates that they are promising for the construction of crystalline radical cation salts.
Continuing Professional Development in Australia: Barriers and Support
Authors: Summers Anthony
Published: August 2015

Mandatory continuing professional development (CPD) requirements for nurses are common throughout the world, with CPD being required in Australia since 2010. Many barriers to CPD have been identified. In Australia, state and territory governments have implemented supports to help nurses overcome these barriers.

J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2015;46(8):337–339.
Preparing Educators to Implement Flipped Classrooms as a Teaching Strategy
Authors: Kowalski Karren , Horner Marianne Druva
Published: August 2015

Educators are not able to change teaching strategies unless they have experience with a new strategy. A 4-hour course was developed to support educators to teach differently.

J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2015;46(8):346–347.
National Priorities for Dementia Care: Perspectives of Individuals Living with Dementia and Their Care Partners
Authors: Porock Davina , Bakk Louanne , Sullivan Suzanne S. , Love Karen , Pinkowitz Jackie , Barsness Sonya
Published: August 2015

The current article reports the consensus recommendations from individuals living with dementia and their care partners on priorities for public policy and research funding, which were found using a nationwide, Delphi study. A modified snowball sample was used. Listservs, personal contacts, and advocacy groups were asked to distribute the survey. Paper versions were provided upon request. In Rounds 1 and 2 of the study, 388 and 301 responses, respectively, were received. Borda counts produced a ranked order consensus of priorities. Research ranked third, after the need for caregiver support and resources for the provision of long-term care. Education and training in person-centered practices for all care partners was also a high priority. Responses indicated that research funding should be expanded beyond its current emphasis on cure. Policymakers should reconsider the current priorities of the National Alzheimer’s Project Act to better address the long-term needs of individuals living with dementia and their care partners. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 41
(8), 9–16.]
Central PresbyLASIK for Hyperopia and Presbyopia Using Micro-monovision With the Technolas 217P Platform and SUPRACOR Algorithm
Authors: Saib Naïma , Abrieu-Lacaille Mélanie , Berguiga Marouen , Rambaud Camille , Froussart-Maille Françoise , Rigal-Sastourne Jean-Claude
Published: August 2015

PURPOSE:

To analyze the refractive outcomes and satisfaction of presbyopic hyperopes treated with central presbyopicLASIK (presbyLASIK) with induced micro-monovision.

METHODS:

This retrospective study included 74 eyes of 37 patients treated with central presbyLASIK with micro-monovision using the Technolas 217P excimer laser (Technolas Perfect Vision GmbH, Munich, Germany) between June 2011 and March 2014. Study parameters included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), aberrometry, the central steep zone, and patient satisfaction.

RESULTS:

Median age was 54.3 ± 4 years (range: 46 to 63 years). Mean postoperative spherical equivalent refraction was 0.00 ± 0.58 diopters (D) for dominant eyes and −0.51 ± 0.54 D for non-dominant eyes. Mean binocular UDVA was 0.01 ± 0.10 logMAR (Snellen 20/20) at 6 months and −0.01 ± 0.05 logMAR (Snellen 20/19) at 1 year postoperatively. Mean binocular UNVA was 0.18 ± 0.14 logMAR (Parinaud 2) (Jaeger 1) at 6 months and 0.18 ± 0.12 logMAR (Parinaud 2) (Jaeger 1) at 1 year postoperatively. At 6 months, 79.31% of patients achieved 20/25 and could read Parinaud 2 (Jaeger 1) binocularly. At 1 year, 84.21% of patients achieved 20/25 and could read Parinaud 2 (Jaeger 1) binocularly. The mean central steep zone was 2.35 ± 1.00 D. There were significantly more negative spherical aberration and vertical coma in the central 5 mm postoperatively (
P
< .05). The re-treatment rate was 6.75%. Eighty-three percent of these patients did not need any glasses for distance and near vision.

CONCLUSIONS:

This procedure may improve functional near, intermediate, and distance vision in presbyopic patients with low and moderate hyperopia.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(8):540–546.]
Outcomes of Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Patients With Vitreomacular Traction
Authors: Gonzalez Marco A. , Flynn Harry W. , Bokman Christine M. , Feuer William , Smiddy William E.
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate clinical and optical coherence tomography (OCT) outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for patients with vitreomacular traction (VMT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Noncomparative, interventional, consecutive case series from 2007 to 2014.

RESULTS:

Of the 37 study eyes, patients were grouped according to the extent of VMT evident on OCT. Group 1 (18 eyes) had intraretinal cysts on OCT. Group 2 (19 eyes) had both intraretinal cysts and subretinal fluid. Visual acuity (VA) improved at least one line or more in 76% of eyes postoperatively. Postoperative VA was not significantly different across the two groups (
P
> .36). Postoperatively, a macular hole developed in 4 eyes (10%). After reoperation, three of four eyes achieved macular hole closure.

CONCLUSIONS:

Patients with VMT achieve visual and OCT improvements after PPV. Postoperative macular hole formation is uncommon but can be successfully repaired with further surgery.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:708–714.]
Long-term Choroidal Thickness Changes After Acute Solar Retinopathy
Authors: Akay Fahrettin , Toyran Sami , Oztas Zafer , Koksal Serkan
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To identify long-term changes in choroidal thickness after solar retinopathy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

The study included 25 eyes of 25 men with acute solar retinopathy. Ocular examination, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and retinal and choroidal thickness measurements obtained using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were evaluated.

RESULTS:

The mean follow-up was 6.1 ± 0.4 months. The initial BCVA decreased in the affected eyes (
P
< .001). The mean BCVA (logMAR) improved significantly from 0.16 ± 0.06 to 0.03 ± 0.05 at 6 months (
P
< .001). There were no significant differences in the initial retinal and choroidal thicknesses between the affected and other eyes, while there was a significant decrease in the mean macular thickness and mean macular volume at 1 month and the mean choroidal thickness increased (
P
< .001).

CONCLUSION:

Significant retinal and choroidal thickness changes occurred after solar retinopathy. The changes in choroidal thickness suggest that the effects of solar retinopathy might not be limited to the retina.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2015;46:738–742.]
Comorbidity and Health Care Resource Use Among Commercially Insured Non-Elderly Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Wallick Christopher J. , Hansen Ryan N. , Campbell Joanna , Kiss Szilárd , Kowalski Jonathan W. , Sullivan Sean D.
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of blindness for non-elderly adults; however, health care-associated burden data from this population is lacking. The authors describe health care-associated burden in non-elderly patients with DME compared to those with diabetes and no DME.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

In this retrospective, large-cohort study examines enrollment and health care claims (2007 to 2011) from a national database of insured patients aged 18 to 63 years (mean: 51). Comorbidity and health care utilization differences between patients with DME (n = 24,326) and matched controls with diabetes but no DME (n = 122,710) were analyzed over 1 and 3 years.

RESULTS:

DME patients had significantly more baseline comorbidities, and generally developed them at a higher rate over the study. Health care resource utilization rates were significantly higher in DME patients for every category analyzed. Patients with DME averaged more than 10 health care visits more than those with diabetes but no DME (25.5 vs 14.9;
P
< .001).

CONCLUSION:

Working-age patients with DME exhibit a complicated comorbidity profile and high associated burden of health care consumption. Considering this burden is critical for managing this complex population.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:744–751.]
Surgical Management of Anterior Chamber Migration of a Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant
Authors: Stelton Christopher R. , Townsend Justin , Peterson Luke T. , Khurana Rahul N. , Yeh Steven
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Anterior chamber migration of the dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex; Allergan, Irvine, CA) may lead to corneal edema and elevated intraocular pressure, warranting removal of the implant.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A 59-year-old patient with a history of prior vitrectomy, a posterior chamber intraocular lens with a disrupted posterior capsule, and a large inferior peripheral iridectomy presented with decreased vision due to corneal edema following dexamethasone intravitreal implant injection. The authors describe their technique for implant removal, which uses standard vitreoretinal instrumentation, viscoelastic, a modified Sheets glide, and angled forceps in order to avoid fragmentation of the implant and limit iatrogenic morbidity.

RESULTS:

The implant was successfully explanted. Postoperatively, the patient experienced improvement in the corneal edema, and after Descemet’s stripping endothelial keratoplasty achieved a final best corrected visual acuity of 20/60 at final 12-month follow-up.

CONCLUSION:

Patients with aphakic lens status, anterior chamber intraocular lens with a disrupted posterior capsule, posterior chamber intraocular lens and a ruptured capsule, prior vitrectomy, and large peripheral iridectomies may be susceptible to migration of dexamethasone intravitreal implants into the anterior chamber.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:756–759.]
Association Between Growth of Geographic Atrophy and the Complement Factor I Locus
Authors: Yehoshua Zohar , de Amorim Garcia Filho Carlos Alexandre , Nunes Renata Portella , Gregori Giovanni , Penha Fernando M. , Moshfeghi Andrew A. , Luo Hongrong , Kang Zhang , Sadda SriniVas , Feuer William , Rosenfeld Philip J.
Published: August 2015

The association between the growth of geographic atrophy (GA) and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the complement factor I (CFI) locus was investigated in the COMPLETE trial. Growth of GA at 52 weeks in eyes without the CFI at-risk allele was slightly faster than the growth in eyes with the CFI at-risk allele (
P
≥ .72). The authors of the current study found that in contrast to the faster growth rate reported in CFI-positive eyes from the MAHALO trial, the CFI positive eyes in the COMPLETE trial did not grow faster, and this analysis included 24 eyes that met the MAHALO eligibility criteria.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2015;46:772–774.]
Caracterización fitoclimática de un sector de la montaña central cantábrica: el macizo de Curavacas (Palencia)
Authors: Allende Álvarez Fernando , López Estébanez Nieves , Fernández García Felipe
Published: August 2015

Se plantea una caracterización fitoclimática de un macizo montañoso incluido en la montaña central cantábrica y culminado por el pico Curavacas (2.524 m). Como punto de partida se utilizan muestreos de campo de vegetación en combinación con los datos térmicos y pluviométricos normalizados (39 y 38 estaciones respectivamente) obtenidos del SIGA (Servicio de Información Geográfica de Datos Agrarios) y los de 25 pértigas de medición de espesor nival (Programa EHRIN). La información se trató mediante técnicas estadísticas de análisis multivariado y de análisis cluster con el fin de modelizar espacialmente los resultados mediante un sistema de información geográfica. En el trabajo se analizan las diferentes variables que intervienen, su validez y su relación con los elementos que resultan determinantes en la explicación de la distribución de la vegetación: altitud, latitud, longitud, orientación, pendiente o distancia a la divisoria de aguas y al mar. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan la fortaleza de las variables térmicas, bioclimáticas y geomorfológicas como predictoras de la distribución de la vegetación. Lo anterior, unido a la filiación corológica de los taxones, permite caracterizar y clasificar el comportamiento fitoclimático de esta montaña y considerarla como de tipo eurosiberiano suboceánico.

[fr] On aborde la caractérisation phyto-climatique d’un ensemble de massifs inclus dans la montagne centrale cantabrique et dominée par Le Pic du Curavacas (2.524 m). Comme point de départ on utilise techniques d échantillonnage de la végétation en combinaison avec les données thermiques et pluviométriques régularisées (39 et 38 stations météo respectivement) obtenues du SIGA (Service d’Information Géographique Agricole) et ceux de 25 perches de mesure d’épaisseur nivaux (Programme EHRIN). L’information est traité au moyen de techniques statistiques d’analyse multivarié et d’analyse cluster, afin de modéliser les différentes variables qui participent, sa validité et sa relation avec des éléments qui sont déterminants dans leur explication la répartition de la végétation: altitude, latitude, longitude, orientation, pente ou distance à la divisoire des eaux et à la mer. Les résultats reflètent la force des variables thermiques et bioclimatiques comme facteurs prédictifs de la répartition de la végétation. Ceci, combiné avec des détails de modélisation de surface et l’affiliation chorologique de taxons nous permet de caractériser et classer le comportement phytoclimatique de cette montagne et considérons le type sub-océaniques comme Eurosiberian.
Desarrollo de una metodología para el estudio de las inundaciones causadas por encharcamiento de agua de lluvia en zonas urbanas relativamente planas. Area de estudio: Montería (Colombia)
Authors: Padilla Agamez Manuel , Gónima Leonardo
Published: August 2015

En el presente trabajo se desarrolla una metodología para el análisis de la relación existente entre las precipitaciones y las inundaciones causadas por encharcamiento de agua de lluvia en la zona urbana de Montería (Colombia). Se realizaron mediciones en campo de la capacidad de infiltración de agua para diferentes unidades de suelos de la zona de estudio, con el fin de estimar los excesos de agua de lluvia sobre el suelo. Los resultados obtenidos se presentan en forma de correlaciones estadísticas para el cálculo de los excesos de agua de lluvia y mapas de susceptibilidad y vulnerabilidad a las inundaciones, mediante los cuales se hace una breve discusión socioeconómica de los efectos de esta clase de inundaciones en la zona de estudio.

[fr] Dans le présent travail est analysé la relation existant entre les précipitations et des inondations par accumulation d eau pluie sur le sol dans la zone urbaine de Montería (Colombie). Avec la réalisation de mesures en champ de la capacité d’infiltration pour différents unities de sol de la zone d’étude, on a estimé les excès d’eau pluie sur le sol. Les résultats obtenus sont présentés sous la forme de corrélations statistiques pour le calcul des excès d’eau pluie et de cartes de susceptibilité et vulnérabilité aux inondations. Les cartes ont été employée pour une brève discussion socio-économique des effets des inondations dans la zone d’étude sélectionnée.
La evolución de la imagen literaria del paisaje urbano: de la ciudad moderna a la ciudad actual
Authors: Pillet Capdepón Félix
Published: August 2015

El proceso de urbanización de la ciudad, dividido tradicionalmente en tres etapas (ciudad preindustrial, industrial y postindustrial o actual), lo hemos sintetizado en dos grandes momentos: la ciudad moderna (fase industrial) y la ciudad en la actual posmodernidad (fase postindustrial). La novedad de este trabajo consiste en analizar el proceso de urbanización tomando como referencia aquellas obras literarias, que hayan descrito la morfología urbana. Para este objetivo se ha tenido en cuenta la literatura española en lengua castellana desde comienzos del siglo XIX hasta la actualidad que hiciera referencia a las principales ciudades españolas, que son las siguientes, tal y como han ido apareciendo en el estudio: Oviedo, Madrid, Cuenca, Segovia, Salamanca, Granada, Barcelona, Sevilla y Alicante; junto a la que ha sido la gran metrópoli desde comienzos del siglo pasado: Nueva York, por ser la que más ha interesado a nuestros escritores.

[fr] Nous avons synthétisé le processus d’urbanisation de la ville, traditionnellement divisé en trois étapes (ville préindustrielle, industrielle et postindustrielle ou actuelle), en deux grandes périodes : la ville moderne (phase industrielle) et la ville dans le postmodernisme actuel (phase postindustrielle). La nouveauté de ce travail consiste à analyser le processus d’urbanisation en prenant comme points de référence ces oeuvres littéraires qui ont décrit la morphologie urbaine. Pour ce faire, nous avons pris en compte la littérature espagnole écrite en castillan depuis le début du XIXe siècle jusqu’à aujourd’hui faisant référence aux principales villes espagnoles suivantes, telles qu’elles apparaissent à tour de rôle dans l’étude : Oviedo, Madrid, Cuenca, Segovia, Salamanca, Granada, Barcelona, Sevilla et Alicante; en plus de celle qui est devenue la plus grande métropole à partir du début du siècle dernier : New York, dans la mesure où elle est celle qui a le plus intéressé nos auteurs.
La ciudad española en las tarjetas postales de Lucien Roisin
Authors: Tomé Fernández Sergio
Published: August 2015

No disponible
Estudio de los hábitos de desplazamiento del jabalí (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758) mediante técnicas gps/gsm en un área de montaña mediterránea
Authors: Belda Antonio , Martínez-Pérez J. E. , Ferri V. , Zaragozí B.
Published: August 2015

No disponible
Photovoltaic System as a Remote Didactic Laboratory for Electrical Engineering Courses
Authors: Assante Dario , Tronconi Massimo
Published: August 2015

Remote laboratories are increasingly being used in academic courses, especially in science and engineering. New control systems allow the development of even complex experiments with a low cost. In this paper we present a remote laboratory that reproduces a small-scale photovoltaic system, including a solar panels and lights, a charge controller, a battery and a dummy load. A Raspberry PI microcontroller is used to send the different inputs to the laboratory, handling commands, measuring some electrical quantities and provide remote access via the web. The laboratory, developed with the involvement of graduating students, will be used in the Master courses of electrical engineering. Particular attention has been paid on the development of hardware and software, to use the developed laboratory as a model for the realization of other experiments.
Quality Control and a Method for the Drying of Flooded Archive Collections
Authors: Udina Rita
Published: August 2015

This chapter is based on the very real experience of a flood in one of the repositories of Barcelona's Municipal Archive, introducing a quality control methodology for the air-drying of wet documents. It is a simple monitoring system that allows you to quantify the degree of drying during treatment. The data derived from it will help reduce intervention to a minimum, optimizing resources, reducing losses and minimising the risk of mould formation. Disaster Plans include many possible scenarios. Because of their vast scope they cannot contain detailed practical information that would be helpful for those who have to intervene. All the steps of the process are reported here, from the choice of the most suitable methodology (forced airing through plastic mesh ventilation) to the completed stabilization of the holdings. The goal is to inform the reader of the measures adopted at each stage, providing practical advice.
Gamification of Human Resource Processes
Authors: Ferrell Jared Z. , Carpenter Jacqueline E. , Vaughn E. Daly , Dudley Nikki M. , Goodman Scott A.
Published: August 2015

Gamification promises to deliver more motivating, engaging, and, ultimately, effective human resource (HR) processes. The following chapter presents an overview of key motivational theories supporting the potential effectiveness of gamifying HR processes. Key motivational theories underpinning the success of gamification include Need Satisfaction Theories, Operant Conditioning, Flow, and Goal Setting Theory. After providing a theoretical framework supporting the effectiveness of gamification, emphasis will shift to an examination of key game elements used to improve four large categories of HR processes: recruitment, selection, training, and performance management. Case studies will be leveraged to provide real-world examples of organizations using gamification to improve HR initiatives. Finally, the chapter will cover key considerations and best practices that should be followed when developing and implementing gamified HR initiatives.
Digital Development and International Aid
Authors: Fisher Jolene
Published: August 2015

This chapter constructs a historical overview of digital games used for international development. While the decade long use of digital games in this field has seen mixed results, a trend towards gamification has continued. The various approaches to international development taken in these games are analyzed alongside the gaming goals, platforms, and narrative structures. Broadly, this chapter argues that the field of digital development games breaks down into three categories: Developing Developers, Digital Interventions, and Critical Play. Because these games are tied to larger frameworks of development thought, they are an important part of the development discourse and should be critically analyzed, regardless of their success at the level of individual attitude and behavior change. Such an analysis presents a useful way to think about what's happening in the current development field and how the trend towards gamification may impact its future directions.
Microbe Associated Phytoremediation Technology for Management of Oil Sludge
Authors: Kumar Anil , Dhote Monika Chandrabhan
Published: August 2015

Environmental contamination due to petroleum compounds is a serious global issue. Oil /petroleum refineries produce huge amount of oil sludge during drilling, storage, transport, refining which spoil soil and ground water resources. Such activities release different compounds viz. alkane, mono- polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), asphaltene, resins and heavy metals. Due to physico-chemical properties, PAHs are one of most targeted compounds as they are highly persistent, carcinogenic, and have mutagenic effects on ecosystem. Such problems of PAHs drag researcher's attention to find some reliable and cost effective solution for oil sludge disposal management. Since last few decades, extensive research work has been carried out on various methods for treatment of oil sludge. In recent years, microbial assisted phytoremediation treatment technologies are being studied since these are reliable and cost effective for field applications. Here, we have discussed about combined eco-friendly technology of plant and microbe(s) to treat oil sludge for its better management.
Potential Application of Plant-Microbe Interaction for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems
Authors: Giri Krishna , Paliwal Rashmi , Suyal Deep Chandra , Mishra Gaurav , Pandey Shailesh , Rai J.P.N , Verma P.K.
Published: August 2015

Rapidly increasing human population, urbanization, industrialization, and mining activities have become the serious environmental issue of today's world. Conventional physico-chemical remediation methods are highly expensive and generate secondary waste. However, bioremediation of contaminated ecosystems using indigenous microbes and plants or amalgamation of both has been recognized as a cost effective and eco-friendly method for remediation as well as restoration of polluted or degraded ecosystems. Further, variety of pollutant attenuation mechanisms possessed by microbes and plants makes them more feasible for remediation of contaminated land and water over physico-chemical methods. Plants and microbes act cooperatively to improve the rates of biodegradation and biostabilization of environmental contaminants. This chapter aims to emphasize on potential application of microbes and plants to attenuate the organic and inorganic pollutants from the contaminated sites as well as eco-restoration of mine degraded and jhum lands by way of biodegradation and phytoremediation technologies.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiB-Ti/Ti-6Al-4V Composites Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Wang Li Fen , Zhang Zhao Hui , Su Tie Jian , Wang Fu Chi
Published: August 2015

TiB-Ti/Ti-6Al-4V composites were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique under a pressure of 50MPa, with sintering temperature of 1300 °C and heating rate of 100 °C /min. The effect of the TiB content in TiB-Ti composite layer on microstructures and mechanical properties of the TiB-Ti/Ti-6Al-4V composites were investigated. The results indicate that as an advanced welding method, SPS technique provided the excellent welding combination of TiB-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V. The relatively excellent mechanical properties of the joints, including the relative density of 98.6%, micro-hardness of 10.2GPa, fracture strength of 177MPa were achieved as TiB content in TiB-Ti composite layer reaches 50%.
The Volume Strain Energy Density Factor Criterion for Sharp V-Notches under Mixed-Mode I and II
Authors: Liu Xiao Mei , Bian Yong Ming , Liang Yong Cheng
Published: August 2015

This paper presents a new energy approach based on the concept of a volume stain-energy-density factor useful to deal with the general problem of brittle fracture for sharp V-notches under mixed-mode I and II. The basic assumption is that the fracture occurs when the volume strain energy density factor arrive at its critical value in the direction of crack initiation where the deviator strain energy density factor is minimum. The method is validated taking into account experiment data already reported in the literature and the analytical predictions are in good agreement with experiment data. It indicates that the accuracy of the new approach is undoubtedly very satisfactory and can be applied in engineering.
Deformation and Failure of Pre-Notched Thin Metal Plates Subjected to Confined Blast Loading
Authors: Liu Han , Chen Peng Wan , Guo Bao Qiao , Zhang Shao Long , Liu Hai Bo , An Er Feng
Published: August 2015

In this paper, the dynamic deformation and rupture of pre-notched thin metal plates subjected to confined blast loading were investigated. The thin copper plates with cross-shape pre-notch were clamped on the end of a confined cylinder vessel by a cover flange. An explosive charge with a mass of 4g was detonated in the vessel center to generate blast load acting on the metal plates. The images of metal plates were recorded by two high-speed cameras. The displacement and strain fields during the deformation and rupture process were measured by using 3D digital image correlation (3D DIC). The effects of pre-notches on the dynamic deformation and rupture of thin metal plates were analyzed. The microstructure of fracture surface was examined The 3D DIC technique is proven to be an effective method to conduct dynamic full-field deformation measurement.
Loss of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog in APCs Impedes Th17-Mediated Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Sahin Emine , Brunner Julia S. , Kral Julia B. , Kuttke Mario , Hanzl Leslie , Datler Hannes , Paar Hannah , Neuwinger Nick , Saferding Victoria , Zinser Elisabeth , Halfmann Angela , Soukup Klara , Hainzl Eva , Lohmeyer Tobias , Niederreiter Birgit , Haider Thomas , Dohnal Alexander M. , Krönke Gerhard , Blüml Stephan , Schabbauer Gernot
Published: August 2015

The PI3K signaling cascade in APCs has been recognized as an essential pathway to initiate, maintain, and resolve immune responses. In this study, we demonstrate that a cell type–specific loss of the PI3K antagonist phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in myeloid cells renders APCs toward a regulatory phenotype. APCs deficient for PTEN exhibit reduced activation of p38 MAPK and reduced expression of T cell–polarizing cytokines. Furthermore, PTEN deficiency leads to upregulation of markers for alternative activation, such as Arginase 1, with concomitant downregulation of inducible NO synthase in APCs in vitro and in vivo. As a result, T cell polarization was dysfunctional in PTEN−/− APCs, in particular affecting the Th17 cell subset. Intriguingly, mice with cell type–specific deletions of PTEN-targeting APCs were protected from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which was accompanied by a pronounced reduction of IL-17– and IL-22–producing autoreactive T cells and reduced CNS influx of classically activated monocytes/macrophages. These observations support the notion that activation of the PI3K signaling cascade promotes regulatory APC properties and suppresses pathogenic T cell polarization, thereby reducing the clinical symptoms and pathology of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Geochemical Studies in the eastern Part of the Slave Structural Province, 1973
Authors: Cameron E M , Durham C C
Published: August 2015

In 1972 a geochemical reconnaissance survey was carried out over 36, 000 square miles of the Bear and Slave Structural Provinces of the northern Canadian Shield. This survey sampled nearshore lake sediments at an average density of one per 10 square miles. In
1973 a detailed follow-up survey was carried out in the eastern part of the survey area. Lake sediment, soil and rock samples were collected. This work was done to assist interpretation of the 1972 data and to establish the validity of the use of lake sediments for geochemical reconnaissance in the
northern Shield. The area chosen for study was the western margin of the Beechey Lake belt in the eastern part of the Slave Province. Here, the published reconnaissance geological mapping showed metasedimentary rocks in contact with granites. However, the base metal and major element geochemistry of
the lake sediments collected in 1972 indicated the possible presence of massive sulphide mineralization associated with acidic volcanic rocks. Three anomalies of this type were studied in detail. Two of these anomalies were shown to be extensive and are caused by exhalative mineralization within
volcanic rocks of intermediate to acidic composition. The third anomaly was found to be small in extent and caused by disseminated sulphides in basic and intermediate volcanic rocks. Other anomalies of this type were studied in less detail. A second type of anomaly found during the reconnaissance
was for U in granitic terrane. The rocks in and around the largest of these anomalies were sampled and the anomaly was shown to be caused, in part at least, by a higher background content of U in the granites. Whether the anomaly is also related to U mineralization was not established. The success
of geochemical exploration within this region derives in large part from active postglacial oxidation. This has caused the more mobile components of sulphide mineralization, such as Zn and Cu, to be carried away in solution to the lakes, while the less mobile components, such as Pb, Ag and Au, are
retained in the soils overlying mineralization. This allows the use of lake samples for wide-interval reconnaissance sampling and soil sampling for detailed follow-up work. A number of other factors contribute to the success of the method. These include the relatively high relief of the volcanic
rocks which allows the wide dispersion of drainage waters containing metal in solution and the general absence of precipitation barriers in the drainage system. In addition to the information on secondary dispersion, data are given on the geochemical composition of the volcanic rocks and their
petrology, and on primary dispersion around mineralization.
Precambrian geology of the Arseno Lake map area, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories
Authors: Frith R A
Published: August 2015

The Arseno Lake map area lies mostly within the Wopmay Oro gen which comes into contact with the western margin of the Slave Structural Province. The Proterozoic rocks in the area consist chiefly of Snare Group rocks of the Coronation Supergroup. These rocks were
folded, metam01phosed and intruded by granites of the Hepburn Intrusive Suite during Wopmay orogenesis. Domes of Archean basement gneiss were emplaced into the Snare Group during this orogeny. Structures in the Snare Group and in the Slave Craton suggest that the bulk of the Proterozoic and Archean
rocks west of the Slave Province boundary are allochthonous and were derived from the west along sole faults that coincide with the presently defined Slave Province boundary. The basement-cored gneiss domes and supracrustal rocks in the western part of the Proterozoic allochthon have been
metamorphosed to granulite facies and consist mostly of rust coloured biotite gneiss and schist derived from rocks of subgreywacke composition. Intraformational quartz pebble conglomerates serve as marker beds in this succession, outlining a complex structural history dominated by east-west
compression.followed by subsequent uplift of the gneiss domes. Toward the Slave Province margin the proportion of coarse elastic rocks decreases and siltstone, argillite, quartzite, calc-silicate rocks and dolomite are common. The Snare Group is folded in this area into tight steeply-dipping, gently
north-plunging inclines that verge eastward. Archean deformation is recognized in the Slave Province where metasedimentary rocks were folded into-northwest-to northerly-trending isoclinal structures, and the more homogeneous metavolcanic and granitoid rocks were horizontally compressed and foliated.
Proterozoic deformation further compressed Archean structures near the western margin of the Slave Craton, evidenced by south- to southwest-plunging structures similar to those in the gneiss dome areas and in the allochthonous Snare Group, and by younger structures associated with the development of
the isoclinally folded Snare Group rocks near the Slave boundary. Granulite facies metammphism in the southernmost gneiss dome area grades down to greenschist facies near the contact with the Slave Province. This metam01phism is associated with Wopmay orogenesis, although its centre occurred farther
west. Regional isograds developed during the orogeny were transported eastward with the thrusting of the sedimentary prism onto the Slave Craton. Low-grade Proterozoic retrograde metamorphism overprints Archean "Kenoran" metammphic textures and has reset some K-Ar and Rb-Sr mineral and whole rock
systems along the margin of the Slave Province.
20 Years of active layer monitoring in the Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories
Authors: Duchesne C , Smith S L , Ednie M , Chartrand J
Published: August 2015

The Mackenzie Valley landscape is characterized by widespread permafrost terrain ranging from continuous on the Beaufort coastal plain to sporadic discontinuous in the south. The Geological Survey of Canada has maintained an active layer monitoring network in the
Mackenzie Valley and Delta since the early 1990s for determination of annual maximum thaw depth and ground movement. The network currently includes 45 functional sites established in areas of representative vegetation and surficial material. Ten of these contribute to the Circumpolar Active Layer
Monitoring network (CALM). Thaw tubes are utilized to determine maximum annual thaw penetration and maximum heave and subsidence of the ground surface. For some sites probing is also done on established CALM grids to measure thaw penetration at a given time and soil moisture content are also
determined at specific grid nodes. Most sites are equipped with instrument to measure air and near-surface ground temperature. Active layer thickness in the Mackenzie Valley ranges from less than 50 cm in the north to greater than 100 cm in the southern region. North of Tsiigehtchic, departures from
the 2003-2012 mean active layer thickness indicate thicker active layers in the 1990s followed by a thinning of active layers to 2005, with increasing thickness to 2012. North of treeline, a direct relation between air temperature and active layer thickness is evident where active layers in warmer
years (1993, 1998, 2006) are on average ~3-9 cm thicker than the 2003-2012 mean; whereas cooler years such as 2004 are associated with thinner (average ~4 cm) active layer for most sites. South of treeline, greater site to site variability is observed and is a consequence of the insulating
effect of the vegetation in summer and variable snow cover in winter. The moderating effect of ground insulation for these sites is apparent with a dampening of the active layer response to variations in air temperature although some of the warmer (1998) and cooler (2004) years are still noticeable
with active layer on average ~5 cm thicker and ~6 cm thinner for both years respectively. Since 2009 active layers have become thicker in all regions of the Mackenzie Valley. Changes in the active layer thickness influences surface stability through thaw settlement, frost heaving and water
ponding. These effects also have implication for the load bearing capacity of the ground and, in some circumstance, slope stability. The monitoring network provides baseline information that is helpful for land use planning decisions, engineering design of infrastructure and for understanding the
impacts of a changing climate on a permafrost environment.