bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic characterization and genome analysis of a novel Salmonella Typhimurium phage having unique tail fiber genes
Authors: Sattar Sadia , Ullah Inam , Khanum Sofia , Bailie Marc , Shamsi Bushra , Ahmed Ibrar , Shah Syed Tahir Abbas , Javed Sundus , Ghafoor Aamir , Pervaiz Amna , Sohail Fakiha , Shah Naseer Ali , Imdad Kaleem , Bostan Nazish , Altermann Eric
Published: April 2022

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a foodborne pathogen causing occasional outbreaks of enteric infections in humans. Salmonella has one of the largest pools of temperate phages in its genome that possess evolutionary significance for pathogen. In this study, we characterized a novel temperate phage Salmonella phage BIS20 (BIS20) with unique tail fiber genes. It belongs to the subfamily Peduovirinae genus Eganvirus and infects Salmonella Typhimurium strain (SE-BS17; Acc. NO MZ503545) of poultry origin. Phage BIS20 was viable only at biological pH and temperature ranges (pH7 and 37 °C). Despite being temperate BIS20 significantly slowed down the growth of host strain for 24 h as compared to control (P < 0.009). Phage BIS20 features 29,477-base pair (bp) linear DNA genome with 53% GC content and encodes for 37 putative ORFs. These ORFs have mosaic arrangement as indicated by its ORF similarity to various phages and prophages in NCBI. Genome analysis indicates its similarity to Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg prophage (SEStP) sequence (Nucleotide similarity 87.7%) and Escherichia virus 186 (~ 82.4% nucleotide similarity). Capsid genes were conserved however those associated with tail fiber formation and assembly were unique to all members of genus Eganvirus. We found strong evidence of recombination hotspot in tail fiber gene. Our study identifies BIS20 as a new species of genus Eganvirus temperate phages as its maximum nucleotide similarity is 82.4% with any phage in NCBI. Our findings may contribute to understanding of origin of new temperate phages.
scTEM-seq: Single-cell analysis of transposable element methylation to link global epigenetic heterogeneity with transcriptional programs
Authors: Hunt Kooper V. , Burnard Sean M. , Roper Ellise A. , Bond Danielle R. , Dun Matthew D. , Verrills Nicole M. , Enjeti Anoop K. , Lee Heather J.
Published: April 2022

Global changes in DNA methylation are observed in development and disease, and single-cell analyses are highlighting the heterogeneous regulation of these processes. However, technical challenges associated with single-cell analysis of DNA methylation limit these studies. We present single-cell transposable element methylation sequencing (scTEM-seq) for cost-effective estimation of average DNA methylation levels. By targeting high-copy SINE Alu elements, we achieve amplicon bisulphite sequencing with thousands of loci covered in each scTEM-seq library. Parallel transcriptome analysis is also performed to link global DNA methylation estimates with gene expression. We apply scTEM-seq to KG1a acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells, and primary AML cells. Our method reveals global DNA methylation heterogeneity induced by decitabine treatment of KG1a cells associated with altered expression of immune process genes. We also compare global DNA methylation estimates to expression of transposable elements and find a predominance of negative correlations. Finally, we observe co-ordinated upregulation of many transposable elements in a sub-set of decitabine treated cells. By linking global DNA methylation heterogeneity with transcription, scTEM-seq will refine our understanding of epigenetic regulation in cancer and beyond.
Chronic myocardial and coronary arterial effects of intracoronary supersaturated oxygen therapy in swine with normal and ischemic-reperfused myocardium
Authors: Kaluza Grzegorz L. , Creech Jeffrey L. , Furer Ariel , Afari Maxwell E. , Milewski Krzysztof , Yi Geng-Hua , Cheng Yanping , Conditt Gerard B. , McGregor Jenn C. , Blum Donald , Rousselle Serge D. , Granada Juan F. , Burkhoff Daniel
Published: April 2022

The study assessed chronic myocardial, coronary and systemic effects of intracoronary supersaturated oxygen (SSO2) therapy. Left anterior descending coronary arteries of 40 swine were stented and randomized to 90-min selective intracoronary infusion of SSO2 (pO2 760–1000 mmHg) or normoxemic saline. In 20 out of 40 animals, SSO2 delivery followed a 60-min balloon occlusion to induce myocardial infarction (MI). In both normal and MI models, intracoronary treatment with hyperoxemic SSO2 therapy showed no evidence of coronary thrombosis. There were no biologically relevant differences between treatments at either time point in regard to coronary intervention site healing and neointimal growth. No signs of any myocardial or systemic toxicity were observed after 7 or 30 days. A trend was observed toward reduced incidence of microscopic MI scars and reduced infarct size in histopathology, as well as toward better recovery of echocardiographically evaluated global and regional contractility at 30 days. No treatment related infarcts or thromboemboli were observed in the downstream organs.
Dominican amber net-winged beetles suggest stable paleoenvironment as a driver for conserved morphology in a paedomorphic lineage
Authors: Ferreira Vinicius S. , Solodovnikov Alexey , Ivie Michael A. , Kundrata Robin
Published: April 2022

Paedomorphosis is a heterochronic syndrome in which adult individuals display features of their immature forms. In beetles, this phenomenon occurs widely in the superfamily Elateroidea, including the net-winged beetles (Lycidae), and, due to the usual flightlessness of paedomorphic females, it is hypothesized to cause speciation rates higher than in non-paedomorphic lineages. However, some fossils of paedomorphic lycids do not support this with palaeobiological data. Discovery of new Lycidae fossils attributed to the West Indian extant paedomorphic genus Cessator Kazantsev in the Dominican amber also suggests morphological stasis within this genus in the Greater Antilles. We describe Cessator anachronicus Ferreira and Ivie, sp. nov. based on adult males, as well as the first ever recorded fossil net-winged beetle larva of the same genus. We propose that the relatively young age of the studied fossils combined with the stable conditions in the forest floor of the Greater Antilles through the last tens of million years could explain the exceptionally conserved morphology in the net-winged beetles affected by the paedomorphic syndrome.
Physiological reconstruction of blood glucose level using CGMS-signals only
Authors: Koutny Tomas
Published: April 2022

Patient with diabetes must regularly monitor blood glucose level. Drawing a blood sample is a painful and discomfort experience. Alternatively, the patient measures interstitial fluid glucose level with a sensor installed in subcutaneous tissue. Then, a model of glucose dynamics calculates blood glucose level from the sensor-measured, i.e., interstitial fluid glucose level of subcutaneous tissue. Interstitial fluid glucose level can significantly differ from blood glucose level. The sensor is either factory-calibrated, or the patient calibrates the sensor periodically by drawing blood samples, when glucose levels of both compartments are steady. In both cases, the sensor lifetime is limited up to 14 days. This is the present state of the art. With a physiological model, we would like to prolong the sensor lifetime with an adaptive approach, while requiring no additional blood sample. Prolonging sensor’s lifetime, while reducing the associated discomfort, would considerably improve patient’s quality of life. We demonstrate that it is possible to determine personalized model parameters from multiple CGMS-signals only, using an animal experiment with a hyperglycemic clamp. The experimenter injected separate glucose and insulin boluses to trigger rapid changes, on which we evaluated the ability to react to non-steady glucose levels in different compartments. With the proposed model, 70%, 80% and 95% of the calculated blood glucose levels had relative error less than or equal to 21.9%, 32.5% and 43.6% respectively. Without the model, accuracy of the sensor-estimated blood glucose level decreased to 39.4%, 49.9% and 99.0% relative errors. This confirms feasibility of the proposed method.
Flexible solid-state hybrid supercapacitors for the internet of everything (IoE)
Authors: Lee Jong-Hoon , Yang Guijun , Kim Choong-Hee , Mahajan Roop L. , Lee Seul-Yi , Park Soo-Jin
Published: April 2022

The review provides the recent progress of flexible solid-state hybrid supercapacitors for portable and wearable energy storage devices in terms of design and performance with their state-of-the-art commercialized products for IoE applications.
Lead-free layered Aurivillius-type Sn-based halide perovskite Ba2X2[Csn−1SnnX3n+1] (X = I/Br/Cl) with an optimal band gap of ∼1.26 eV and theoretical efficiency beyond 27% for photovoltaics
Authors: Liu Shi-ming , Zhong Hong-xia , Liang Jun-jie , Zhang Min , Zhu Yao-hui , Du Juan , Guo Wen-hui , He Yong , Wang Xinqiang , Shi Jun-jie
Published: April 2022

The layered Sn-based perovskite Ba2Br2[Cs2Sn3Br10] with excellent photovoltaic properties is found. It has a bandgap of 1.26 eV and a large optical absorption and carrier mobility. The Ba2Br2[Cs2Sn3Br10]-based solar cell has a high theoretical PCE of 27.7%.
An enzyme-responsive and NIR-triggered lipid–polymer hybrid nanoplatform for synergistic photothermal/chemo cancer therapy
Authors: Tang Lu , Xiao Qiaqia , Yin Yue , Mei Yijun , Li Jing , Xu Lin , Gao Hongbin , Wang Wei
Published: April 2022

A lipid–polymer hybrid nanosystem that co-loaded indocyanine green (ICG) and dichloroacetate (DCA) for combined anti-cancer photothermal/chemotherapy.
Pt- and Pd-modified transition metal nitride catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Ologunagba Damilola , Kattel Shyam
Published: April 2022

Pt and Pd monolayer on transition metal nitrides as efficient and low-cost catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction.
Influence of vanillic acid immobilization in Nafion membranes on intramembrane diffusion and structural properties
Authors: Trusty Blake , Berens Samuel , Yahya Ahmad , Fang Junchuan , Barber Sarah , Angelopoulos Anastasios P. , Nickels Jonathan D. , Vasenkov Sergey
Published: April 2022

Vanillic acid addition can lead to a better separation of the diffusion pathways of water and acetone in Nafion membranes.
A bimetallic PdCu–Fe3O4catalyst with an optimal d-band centre for selectiveN-methylation of aromatic amines with methanol
Authors: Cho Jin Hee , Ha Yoonhoo , Cho Ahra , Park Jihye , Choi Jaeyoon , Won Youngdae , Kim Hyungjun , Kim Byeong Moon
Published: April 2022

Highly efficient and selectiveN-methylation of aniline with methanol is possible with Pd1Cu0.6–Fe3O4nanoparticle catalyst.
Synthesis and characterization of a uranyl(vi) complex with 2,6-pyridine-bis(methylaminophenolato) and its ligand-centred aerobic oxidation mechanism to a diimino derivative
Authors: Takeyama Tomoyuki , Iwatsuki Satoshi , Tsushima Satoru , Takao Koichiro
Published: April 2022

Both aminomethylene groups of a uranyl(vi) complex bearing a 2,6-pyridine-bis(methylaminophenolato) ligand are oxidized to azomethine ones by an O2 molecule under an ambient atmosphere to provide a diimino derivative of the parent uranyl(vi) complex.
Economic synthesis of sub-micron brick-like Al-MOF with designed pore distribution for lithium-ion battery anodes with high initial Coulombic efficiency and cycle stability
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhong Xiaobin , Zhang Yaohui , Li Pengting , Tan Yi , Zhang Yangang , Zhang Zhiwen , Zhu Jian , Shodievich Kurbanov Mirtemir , Liang Junfei , Wang Hua
Published: April 2022

A sub-micron brick-like Al-MOF anode with designed pore distribution shows high initial Coulombic efficiency and cycle stability.
Facile synthesis and superior properties of a nitrogen-rich energetic Zn-MOF with a 2D azide-bridged bilayer structure
Authors: Tan Bo-Jun , Ren Jia-Tong , Duan Bing-Hui , Xu Ming-Hui , Chen Shao-Li , Zhang Heng , Liu Ning
Published: April 2022

A nitrogen-rich and thermostable energetic Zn-MOF with a unique graphene-like and azide-group-bridged 2D bilayer structure was conveniently synthesized, which can be used as a combustion promoter for green and insensitive propellants.
Non-innocent cyanido ligands: tetracyanidoferrate(–ii) as carbonyl copycat
Authors: Jach Franziska , Block Theresa , Prots Yurii , Schmidt Marcus , Bobnar Matej , Pöttgen Rainer , Ruck Michael , Höhn Peter
Published: April 2022

Electron-rich [Fe(CN)4]6− features a π-backbonding scheme with non-innocent CN-ligands exhibiting weak C–N bonds and a d10 configuration on iron.
Synthesis of porous poly(ionic liquid)s for chemical CO2fixation with epoxides
Authors: Li Guoqing , Dong Shu , Fu Ping , Yue Qihong , Zhou Yu , Wang Jun
Published: April 2022

Porous poly(ionic liquid)s, combining the features of porous polymers and ionic moieties resembling the structures and functions of ionic liquids, have exhibited promising potential in CO2fixationviacycloadditions with epoxides.
Investigation of the thermodynamic properties of hydrates as cooling phase change materials for their implementation in electric vehicles
Authors: Kiyokawa Hitoshi , Miyamoto Takashi , Takeya Satoshi , Ota Iku , Iwai Taro , Hotta Atsushi , Ohmura Ryo
Published: April 2022

Electric vehicles (EVs) play key roles in realizing a sustainable society.
Construction of chiral Betti base precursors containing a congested quaternary stereogenic centerviachiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed arylation of isoindolinone-derived ketimines
Authors: Glavač Danijel , Gredičak Matija
Published: April 2022

Synthesis of enantioenriched Betti base precursors containing a congested quaternary stereocenter.
The development of imin-based tandem Michael–Mannich cyclocondensation through a single-electron transfer (SET)/energy transfer (EnT) pathway in the use of methylene blue (MB+) as a photo-redox catalyst
Authors: Mohamadpour Farzaneh
Published: April 2022

A four-component green tandem approach for the metal-free synthesis of polyfunctionalized dihydro-2-oxypyrroles was devised using the Michael–Mannich cyclocondensation of amines, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylaes, and formaldehyde.
Rhabdastrenones A–D from the sponge Rhabdastrella globostellata
Authors: Trang Do Thi , Hang Dan Thi Thuy , Dung Duong Thi , Cuc Nguyen Thi , Yen Pham Hai , Huong Phan Thi Thanh , Huyen Le Thi , Mai Nguyen Thi , Nhiem Nguyen Xuan , Tai Bui Huu , Van Kiem Phan
Published: April 2022

Three new isomalabaricanes and a new α-pyrone derivative isolated from the sponge Rhabdastrella globostellata.
van der Waals epitaxial growth and high-temperature ferrimagnetism in ultrathin crystalline magnetite (Fe3O4) nanosheets
Authors: Xue Yunzhou , Liu Hongtao , Zhang Yi , Lin Shenghuang , Lau Shu Ping
Published: April 2022

High-quality air-stable ultrathin crystalline Fe3O4 nanosheets, van der Waals epitaxially grown on mica, exhibit high-temperature ferrimagnetic behavior with a TC of 847 K and a large and saturated anomalous Hall effect at room temperature.
Epigenomic alterations in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic potential
Authors: Gray Jaimie S. , Wani Sajad A. , Campbell Moray J.
Published: April 2022

The human cell requires ways to specify its transcriptome without altering the essential sequence of DNA; this is achieved through mechanisms which govern the epigenetic state of DNA and epitranscriptomic state of RNA. These alterations can be found as modified histone proteins, cytosine DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, and mRNA modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A). The different aspects of epigenomic and epitranscriptomic modifications require protein complexes to write, read, and erase these chemical alterations. Reflecting these important roles, many of these reader/writer/eraser proteins are either frequently mutated or differentially expressed in cancer. The disruption of epigenetic regulation in the cell can both contribute to cancer initiation and progression, and increase the likelihood of developing resistance to chemotherapies. Development of therapeutics to target proteins involved in epigenomic/epitranscriptomic modifications has been intensive, but further refinement is necessary to achieve ideal treatment outcomes without too many off-target effects for cancer patients. Therefore, further integration of clinical outcomes combined with large-scale genomic analyses is imperative for furthering understanding of epigenomic mechanisms in cancer.
Quercetin and Methotrexate in Combination have Anticancer Activity in
Osteosarcoma Cells and Repress Oncogenic MicroRNA-223
Authors: Mohammadi Erfan , Alemi Forough , Maleki Masomeh , Malakoti Faezeh , Farsad-Akhtar Nader , Yousefi Bahman
Published: April 2022

Introduction Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common bone neoplasms in
adolescents. Notable short- and long-term toxic effects of OS chemotherapy
regimens have been reported. Hence, new chemotherapeutic agents with the ability
to potentiate OS chemotherapy drugs and protect non-tumorous tissues are
required.

Methods Saos-2 cells were treated with Methotrexate (MTX) and Quercetin
(Que) (a polyphenolic flavonoid with anti-tumor effects) alone and in
combination. MTT assay was performed to investigate the cytotoxicity of the
drugs. Moreover, apoptosis-involved genes, including miR-223, p53,
BCL-2, CBX7, and CYLD expression were analyzed via qRT-PCR. Annexin
V-FITC/PI kit was employed to assess the apoptosis rate.

Results The MTT results showed that Que increases MTX cytotoxicity on OS
cells. The measured IC50s are 142.3 µM for QUE and
13.7 ng/ml for MTX. A decline in MTX IC50 value was observed
from 13.7 ng/ml to 8.45 ng/ml in the presence of
Que. Moreover, the mRNA expression outcomes indicated that the combination
therapy significantly up-regulates the tumor suppressor genes, such as p53,
CBX7, and CYLD, and declines anti-apoptotic genes BCL-2 and miR-223, which can
lead to proliferation inhibition and apoptosis inducement. Furthermore, the
apoptosis rate increased significantly from 6.03% in the control group
to 38.35% in Saos-2 cells that were treated with the combination of MTX
and Que.

Conclusion Que, with the potential to boost the anticancer activity of MTX
on Saos-2 cancer cells through proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction,
is a good candidate for combination therapy.
Versuchen wir MEHR
Authors: Dellemann Anne
Published: April 2022

Das Stillen von Neugeborenen wirkt sich für die Kinder und ihre Mütter gleichermaßen positiv aus. Das gilt auch für Kinder, die nach der Geburt intensivpflegerisch versorgt werden müssen, etwa weil sie mit einem angeborenen Herzfehler auf die Welt gekommen sind. Was man beim Stillen dieser Kinder beachten sollte, zeigt der folgende Beitrag.
Outcomes Associated with Nasal Reconstruction Post-Rhinectomy: A Narrative Review
Authors: John Jithin , Gupta Rohun , Grossbauer Anne , Chung Michael , Sethna Anita , Abboud Michel , Cox Eric , Hart Justin , Folbe Adam , Chaiyasate Kongkrit
Published: April 2022

The face and the external nose define an individual's physical appearance. Nasal deformities can cause facial disfigurement along with unwanted psychological repercussions. Nasal deformities range in severity, with the most severe cases being indications for a rhinectomy, due to the complexity of the nasal defect. According to published literature, there is no consensus among otolaryngologists and plastic surgeons on which technique or flap use is preferred in terms of complications, aesthetic outcome, or patient satisfaction. The goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of published studies on nasal reconstruction following rhinectomy. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines for writing systematic reviews, a systematic review was conducted. Four databases were searched using a search strategy. These articles were then imported into the COVIDENCE software and went screening and thorough article review. After screening 2,237 articles, 23 studies were then extracted for data collection analysis. We collected data from 12 case series, 4 case studies, 1 prospective case series, and 4 retrospective chart review studies. The most commonly reported flaps were forehead flaps, superior extended nasal myocutaneous island, forearm free flaps, anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap, medial femoral condyle free flap (n = 8), and zygomaticus implants (n = 6), and retained nasal prosthesis. Although not specifically indicated by a certain number, the most common indication for the rhinectomy was malignancy, followed by traumas, postsurgical complications, radionecrosis, and congenital nasal malformations.

Although several donor flaps can be used after rhinectomy, we conclude that there is no preference over what flap has superior patient outcomes after analysis. As of current, there are no prospective studies that exist. Therefore, more research is necessary to determine the results of each flap.
Responsive corporatism without political credit: social concertation, constructive opposition and the long tenure of the Rutte II cabinet in the Netherlands (2012–2017)
Authors: Hemerijck Anton , Karremans Johannes , van der Meer Marc
Published: April 2022

This paper analyses the unexpected return of social concertation in the Netherlands under the Rutte II government (2012–2017). Despite political fragmentation, electoral volatility and intensified EU budgetary surveillance, between 2012 and 2017 the Netherlands witnessed several social pacts that proved vital to the enactment of long-awaited reforms, allowed the government to turn post-crisis fiscal deficits into surpluses, and helped regenerate economic growth. After describing the contextual differences with the Dutch ‘miracle’ years of the 1980s and 1990s, we reveal a novel institutional logic of responsive corporatism whereby, first, a social pact with civil society actors is agreed which, then, becomes a launching pad for the de facto minority government to enlist parties from the ‘constructive opposition’ in these agreements to deliver anticipated reforms. Unlike the 1980s and 1990s, however, pro-active engagement with the social partners did not pay out electorally, in particular for the social democrats.
Finite element model updating of smart structures with direct updating algorithm
Authors: Verma Shivam , Kango Saurabh , Bagha Ashok Kumar , Bahl Shashi
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a finite element model updating algorithm is proposed to enhance the accuracy of the simulated finite element model of a smart structure (collocated piezoelectric patches embedded on a cantilever beam). Piezoelectric patches are used to sense and control the excessive vibrations of the structures. Mostly, they are mounted on flexible structures to measure their response at different excitations. The finite element method can be used to model the beam embedded with collocated piezoelectric patches. The complete finite element formulation of the smart structure is briefly described in this paper. There are different types of uncertainties that may be present in the simulated finite element model of a smart structure such as uncertainty in the structural boundary conditions, in the material elastic properties, the dimensions of the structure, piezoelectric elastic and electric properties, and the location of the piezoelectric patches mounted on the structure. In the present analytical study, the above uncertainties present in the smart structure are reduced by using the direct updating algorithm. It is found that the direct updating method through updating the mass and the stiffness matrices of the smart structure successfully enhance the accuracy of the simulated finite element model of the beam embedded with PZT patches. The state-space method is used to predict the response in the frequency domain. The maximum percentage error in the simulated finite element model of the piezoelectric embedded beam structure due to its structural and the electrical property uncertainty is 10.36% and 23.52% respectively and that was completely removed by using the direct updating algorithm. The optimal location of the piezoelectric patches is also taken as uncertainty which is successfully updated by using the proposed direct updating algorithm. The maximum percentage error in the natural frequencies of the smart structure due to location uncertainty is 18.39% which was also completely removed. To validate the outcomes, a frequency response function (FRF) is plotted.
Cosmology of an axion-like majoron
Authors: Cuesta A.J. , Gómez M.E. , Illana J.I. , Masip M.
Published: April 2022

We propose a singlet majoron model that defines an inverse seesaw mechanism in the ν sector.
The majoron ϕ has a mass mϕ
≈ 0.5 eV and a coupling to the τ lepton
similar to the one to neutrinos. In the early universe it is initially in thermal
equilibrium, then it decouples at T ≈ 500 GeV and
contributes with just ΔN
eff = 0.026 during BBN. At T = 26 keV (final stages of BBN) a primordial
magnetic field induces resonant 
γ ⟷ ϕ oscillations that transfer 6% of the photon energy into majorons,
implying ΔN
eff = 0.55 and a 4.7% increase in the baryon to photon ratio.
At T ≈ mϕ
the majoron
enters in thermal contact with the heaviest neutrino and it finally decays
into νν̅ pairs near recombination, setting ΔN
eff = 0.85.
The boost in the expansion rate at later times
may relax the Hubble tension (we obtain H
0 = (71.4 ± 0.5) km/s/Mpc),
while the processes νν̅ ⟷ ϕ
suppress the free streaming of these particles
and make the model consistent with large scale structure observations. Its lifetime and
the fact that it decays into neutrinos instead of photons
lets this axion-like majoron avoid the strong bounds that affect other
axion-like particles of similar mass and coupling to photons.
A sonic boom in bubble wall friction
Authors: Dorsch Glauber C. , Huber Stephan J. , Konstandin Thomas
Published: April 2022

We revisit the computation of bubble wall friction during a cosmological first-order phase transition, using an extended fluid Ansatz to solve the linearized Boltzmann equation. A singularity is found in the fluctuations of background species as the wall approaches the speed of sound. Using hydrodynamics, we argue that a discontinuity across the speed of sound is expected on general grounds, which manifests itself as the singularity in the solution of the linearized system. We discuss this result in comparison with alternative approaches proposed recently, which find a regular behaviour of the friction for all velocities.
Potential energy surface and formation of superheavy nuclei with the Skyrme energy-density functional
Authors: Peng Cheng , Feng Zhao-Qing
Published: April 2022

With the Skyrme energy-density functional theory, the nucleus–nucleus potential is calculated and the potential energy surface is obtained with different effective forces for accurately estimating the formation cross sections of superheavy nuclei in massive fusion reactions. The width and height of the potential pocket are influenced by the Skyrme effective forces SkM, SkM*, SkP, SIII, Ska, and SLy4, which correspond to the different equations of state for the isospin symmetry nuclear matter. It is found that the nucleus–nucleus potential is associated with the collision orientation and Skyrme forces. A more repulsive nuclear potential is pronounced with increasing the incompressible modulus of nuclear matter, which hinders the formation of superheavy nuclei. The available data in the fusion-evaporation reaction of 48Ca+238U are nicely reproduced with the SkM* parameter by implementing the potential into the dinuclear system model.
Determination of the impact parameter in high-energy heavy-ion collisions via deep learning *
Authors: Xiang Pei , Zhao Yuan-Sheng , Huang Xu-Guang
Published: April 2022

In this study, Au+Au collisions with an impact parameter of

fm at

GeV are simulated using the AMPT model to provide preliminary final-state information. After transforming this information into appropriate input data (the energy spectra of final-state charged hadrons), we construct a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and convolutional neural network (CNN) to connect final-state observables with the impact parameters. The results show that both the MLP and CNN can reconstruct the impact parameters with a mean absolute error approximately

fm, although the CNN behaves slightly better. Subsequently, we test the neural networks at different beam energies and pseudorapidity ranges in this task. These two models work well at both low and high energies. However, when conducting a test for a larger pseudorapidity window, the CNN exhibits a higher prediction accuracy than the MLP. Using the Grad-CAM method, we shed light on the 'attention' mechanism of the CNN model.
Intuitionistic fuzzy inventory model with quadratic demand rate, time-dependent holding cost and shortages
Authors: Chaudhary Priti , Kumar Tanuj
Published: April 2022

In the present work, we studied an inventory model under quadratic demand rate, linearly time-dependent holding cost, constant deterioration rate and allowed shortages. Intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) theory is an efficient tool to reduce the uncertainty that occurs due to hesitation, so we studied the considered model under intuitionistic fuzzy set theory. Further, the model is transformed into an intuitionistic fuzzy inventory model by taking the decision variables as triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. To optimize the best inventory policy under the intuitionistic fuzzy environment, the alpha-cut approach is used for the defuzzification of all intuitionistic fuzzy decision variables. Regarding the proposed model, a numerical example is presented to validate the methodology.
Quantum Monte Carlo Study of Weyl Superconductivity
Authors: Rosenberg Peter , Manousakis Efstratios
Published: April 2022

Using auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo we study superconductivity in a simple extension of the two-dimensional negative-U Hubbard model which hosts Weyl nodes near the Fermi surface. We discuss the model and our method as applied to the study of superconductivity in this system. We discuss the nature of pairing between Weyl quasiparticles which carry opposite spin and opposite topological charge leading to a spin-singlet pairing amplitude and to a mixture of pseudo-spin singlet and pseudo-spin triplet pairing.
Thermal transport in periodic and quasiperiodic graphene-hBN superlattice ribbons
Authors: Pereira Luiz Felipe C , Felix Isaac M
Published: April 2022

Nanostructured superlattices are expected to play a significant role in the next generation of technological devices, specially due to their adjustable physical properties. In terms of heat transport, materials with low thermal conductivities can be useful in thermoelectric devices or heat shields, while materials with high thermal conductivities are fundamental for heat dissipation in miniaturized electronic devices. In general, transport properties are dominated by translational symmetry and the presence of unconventional symmetries might lead to unusual transport characteristics. In this work, we report our results from nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to investigate phonon heat transport in periodic and quasiperiodic graphene-hBN superlattices. The periodic superlattices are built with alternating equal-sized domains of graphene and hBN, while the quasiperiodic case follows the Fibonacci sequence, which lies between periodic and disordered structures. Periodic superlattices can facilitate coherent phonon transport due to constructive interference at the boundaries between the materials. Nonetheless, it is possible to induce a crossover from a coherent to an incoherent transport regime by increasing the length of individual domains, thus adjusting the superlattice period. We also show that the quasiperiodicity can suppress coherent phonon transport in these superlattices. We attribute this behavior to the increased inhomogeneity in the distribution of interfaces, which increases for each Fibonacci generation, hindering coherent phonon transport in the superlattices. The suppression of coherent thermal transport enables a higher degree of control on heat conduction at the nanoscale, and shows potential for application in thermoelectric devices and heat management.
Firmware architecture of the back end DAQ system for the CMS high granularity endcap calorimeter detector
Authors: Mallios S. , Dauncey P. , David A. , Vichoudis P.
Published: April 2022

During the High-Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider, the endcap calorimeter detectors of the compact muon solenoid experiment will be replaced by the high-granularity calorimeter. For reading out the new calorimeter, field programmable gate array firmware was developed targeting the off-detector hardware. The firmware is responsible not only for the readout of the detector but also for its slow control and timing. To facilitate system maintenance, the firmware is optimized to handle all the different front-end electronics configurations and data rates using a single — highly configurable — design. This manuscript presents the firmware architecture and the implementation.
Real analytic multi-parameter singular Radon transforms: Necessity of the Stein-Street condition
Authors: Zhang Lingxiao
Published: April 2022

We study operators of the form
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper T f left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis equals psi left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis integral f left-parenthesis gamma Subscript t Baseline left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis right-parenthesis upper K left-parenthesis t right-parenthesis d t comma">

T
f
(
x
)
=
ψ
(
x
)
∫
f
(

γ
t

(
x
)
)
K
(
t
)

d
t
,

\begin{equation*} Tf(x)= \psi (x) \int f(\gamma _t(x))K(t)\,dt, \end{equation*}

where

γ
t

(
x
)

\gamma _t(x)

is a real analytic function of

(
t
,
x
)

(t,x)

mapping from a neighborhood of

(
0
,
0
)

(0,0)

in

R

N

×

R

n

\mathbb {R}^N \times \mathbb {R}^n

into

R

n

\mathbb {R}^n

satisfying

γ
0

(
x
)
≡
x

\gamma _0(x)\equiv x

,

ψ
(
x
)
∈

C
c
∞

(

R

n

)

\psi (x) \in C_c^\infty (\mathbb {R}^n)

, and

K
(
t
)

K(t)

is a “multi-parameter singular kernel” with compact support in

R

N

\mathbb {R}^N

; for example when

K
(
t
)

K(t)

is a product singular kernel. The celebrated work of Christ, Nagel, Stein, and Wainger studied such operators with smooth

γ
t

(
x
)

\gamma _t(x)

, in the single-parameter case when

K
(
t
)

K(t)

is a Calderón-Zygmund kernel. Street and Stein generalized their work to the multi-parameter case, and gave sufficient conditions for the

L
p

L^p

-boundedness of such operators. This paper shows that when

γ
t

(
x
)

\gamma _t(x)

is real analytic, the sufficient conditions of Street and Stein are also necessary for the

L
p

L^p

-boundedness of

T
T

, for all such kernels

K
K

.
Berry-Esseen bounds for the multivariate ℬ-free CLT and operator-valued matrices
Authors: Banna Marwa , Mai Tobias
Published: April 2022

We provide bounds of Berry-Esseen type for fundamental limit theorems in operator-valued free probability theory such as the operator-valued free Central Limit Theorem and the asymptotic behaviour of distributions of operator-valued matrices. Our estimates are on the level of operator-valued Cauchy transforms and the Lévy distance. We address the single-variable as well as the multivariate setting for which we consider linear matrix pencils and noncommutative polynomials as test functions. The estimates are in terms of operator-valued moments and yield the first quantitative bounds on the Lévy distance for the operator-valued free Central Limit Theorem. Our results also yield quantitative estimates on joint noncommutative distributions of operator-valued matrices having a general covariance profile. In the scalar-valued multivariate case, these estimates could be passed to explicit bounds on the order of convergence under the Kolmogorov distance.
Erratum: Statistics for Iwasawa invariants of elliptic curves
Authors: Kundu Debanjana , Ray Anwesh
Published: April 2022

We provide some minor corrections to our paper “Statistics for Iwasawa invariants of elliptic curves”.
Breedbase: a digital ecosystem for modern plant breeding
Authors: Morales Nicolas , Ogbonna Alex C , Ellerbrock Bryan J , Bauchet Guillaume J , Tantikanjana Titima , Tecle Isaak Y , Powell Adrian F , Lyon David , Menda Naama , Simoes Christiano C , Saha Surya , Hosmani Prashant , Flores Mirella , Panitz Naftali , Preble Ryan S , Agbona Afolabi , Rabbi Ismail , Kulakow Peter , Peteti Prasad , Kawuki Robert , Esuma Williams , Kanaabi Micheal , Chelangat Doreen M , Uba Ezenwanyi , Olojede Adeyemi , Onyeka Joseph , Shah Trushar , Karanja Margaret , Egesi Chiedozie , Tufan Hale , Paterne Agre , Asfaw Asrat , Jannink Jean-Luc , Wolfe Marnin , Birkett Clay L , Waring David J , Hershberger Jenna M , Gore Michael A , Robbins Kelly R , Rife Trevor , Courtney Chaney , Poland Jesse , Arnaud Elizabeth , Laporte Marie-Angélique , Kulembeka Heneriko , Salum Kasele , Mrema Emmanuel , Brown Allan , Bayo Stanley , Uwimana Brigitte , Akech Violet , Yencho Craig , de Boeck Bert , Campos Hugo , Swennen Rony , Edwards Jeremy D , Mueller Lukas A
Published: April 2022

Modern breeding methods integrate next-generation sequencing and phenomics to identify plants with the best characteristics and greatest genetic merit for use as parents in subsequent breeding cycles to ultimately create improved cultivars able to sustain high adoption rates by farmers. This data-driven approach hinges on strong foundations in data management, quality control, and analytics. Of crucial importance is a central database able to (1) track breeding materials, (2) store experimental evaluations, (3) record phenotypic measurements using consistent ontologies, (4) store genotypic information, and (5) implement algorithms for analysis, prediction, and selection decisions. Because of the complexity of the breeding process, breeding databases also tend to be complex, difficult, and expensive to implement and maintain. Here, we present a breeding database system, Breedbase (https://breedbase.org/, last accessed 4/18/2022). Originally initiated as Cassavabase (https://cassavabase.org/, last accessed 4/18/2022) with the NextGen Cassava project (https://www.nextgencassava.org/, last accessed 4/18/2022), and later developed into a crop-agnostic system, it is presently used by dozens of different crops and projects. The system is web based and is available as open source software. It is available on GitHub (https://github.com/solgenomics/, last accessed 4/18/2022) and packaged in a Docker image for deployment (https://hub.docker.com/u/breedbase, last accessed 4/18/2022). The Breedbase system enables breeding programs to better manage and leverage their data for decision making within a fully integrated digital ecosystem.
A high-quality assembly reveals genomic characteristics, phylogenetic status, and causal genes for leucism plumage of Indian peafowl
Authors: Liu Shaojuan , Chen Hao , Ouyang Jing , Huang Min , Zhang Hui , Zheng Sumei , Xi Suwang , Tang Hongbo , Gao Yuren , Xiong Yanpeng , Cheng Di , Chen Kaifeng , Liu Bingbing , Li Wanbo , Ren Jun , Yan Xueming , Mao Huirong
Published: April 2022

Background

The dazzling phenotypic characteristics of male Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) are attractive both to the female of the species and to humans. However, little is known about the evolution of the phenotype and phylogeny of these birds at the whole-genome level. So far, there are no reports regarding the genetic mechanism of the formation of leucism plumage in this variant of Indian peafowl.

Results

A draft genome of Indian peafowl was assembled, with a genome size of 1.05 Gb (the sequencing depth is 362×), and contig and scaffold N50 were up to 6.2 and 11.4 Mb, respectively. Compared with other birds, Indian peafowl showed changes in terms of metabolism, immunity, and skeletal and feather development, which provided a novel insight into the phenotypic evolution of peafowl, such as the large body size and feather morphologies. Moreover, we determined that the phylogeny of Indian peafowl was more closely linked to turkey than chicken. Specifically, we first identified that PMEL was a potential causal gene leading to the formation of the leucism plumage variant in Indian peafowl.

Conclusions

This study provides an Indian peafowl genome of high quality, as well as a novel understanding of phenotypic evolution and phylogeny of Indian peafowl. These results provide a valuable reference for the study of avian genome evolution. Furthermore, the discovery of the genetic mechanism for the development of leucism plumage is both a breakthrough in the exploration of peafowl plumage and also offers clues and directions for further investigations of the avian plumage coloration and artificial breeding in peafowl.
High-efficiency and precision VSP wavefield separation method via DCT
Authors: Duan Jing , Zhang Gulan , Liang Chenxi , Zhan Yizong , Li Yong
Published: April 2022

The processing efficiency of the widely used time-space (t-x) domain vertical seismic profiling (VSP) wavefield separation methods (such as median and singular value decomposition filtering) via one-dimensional discrete Fourier transform (DFT) depends on the wavefield separation method (or algorithm with processing parameter) and the total number of samples in the input VSP data. Once the wavefield separation method is determined, its processing efficiency is set and cannot be optimized. Although the popular frequency-wavenumber (f-k) domain VSP wavefield separation method via two-dimensional DFT has higher processing efficiency than the t-x domain VSP wavefield separation methods, its processing precision is susceptible to the spatial alias and Gibbs effects. For efficiency and precision improvements, we introduced the discrete cosine transform (DCT) operation into VSP wavefield separation for the first time, and proposed a high-efficiency and precision frequency-space (f-x) domain VSP wavefield separation method via DFT and DCT, in which the wavefield separation efficiency and precision can be optimized using the effective bandwidth cutoff frequency of the input VSP data. Based on the relationship between DFT and DCT, we combined their operations in the proposed method into one step (referred to as DCT–DFT) for further efficiency enhancement, thereby designing a high-efficiency and precision f-x domain VSP wavefield separation method via DCT–DFT. Theory analysis and synthetic and field VSP data examples show that the proposed method is highly efficient and precise, and can be widely used for three-dimensional (3D)-VSP data wavefield separation, especially for large distributed acoustic sensing (DAS)-VSP data.
Global Patterns of Subgenome Evolution in Organelle-Targeted Genes of Six Allotetraploid Angiosperms
Authors: Sharbrough Joel , Conover Justin L. , Fernandes Gyorfy Matheus , Grover Corrinne E. , Miller Emma R. , Wendel Jonathan F. , Sloan Daniel B.
Published: April 2022

Whole-genome duplications (WGDs) are a prominent process of diversification in eukaryotes. The genetic and evolutionary forces that WGD imposes on cytoplasmic genomes are not well understood, despite the central role that cytonuclear interactions play in eukaryotic function and fitness. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis depend on successful interaction between the 3,000+ nuclear-encoded proteins destined for the mitochondria or plastids and the gene products of cytoplasmic genomes in multi-subunit complexes such as OXPHOS, organellar ribosomes, Photosystems I and II, and Rubisco. Allopolyploids are thus faced with the critical task of coordinating interactions between the nuclear and cytoplasmic genes that were inherited from different species. Because the cytoplasmic genomes share a more recent history of common descent with the maternal nuclear subgenome than the paternal subgenome, evolutionary “mismatches” between the paternal subgenome and the cytoplasmic genomes in allopolyploids might lead to the accelerated rates of evolution in the paternal homoeologs of allopolyploids, either through relaxed purifying selection or strong directional selection to rectify these mismatches. We report evidence from six independently formed allotetraploids that the subgenomes exhibit unequal rates of protein-sequence evolution, but we found no evidence that cytonuclear incompatibilities result in altered evolutionary trajectories of the paternal homoeologs of organelle-targeted genes. The analyses of gene content revealed mixed evidence for whether the organelle-targeted genes are lost more rapidly than the non-organelle-targeted genes. Together, these global analyses provide insights into the complex evolutionary dynamics of allopolyploids, showing that the allopolyploid subgenomes have separate evolutionary trajectories despite sharing the same nucleus, generation time, and ecological context.
SlRBP1 promotes translational efficiency via SleIF4A2 to maintain chloroplast function in tomato
Authors: Ma Liqun , Yang Yongfang , Wang Yuqiu , Cheng Ke , Zhou Xiwen , Li Jinyan , Zhang Jingyu , Li Ran , Zhang Lingling , Wang Keru , Zeng Ni , Gong Yanyan , Zhu Danmeng , Deng Zhiping , Qu Guiqin , Zhu Benzhong , Fu Daqi , Luo Yunbo , Zhu Hongliang
Published: April 2022

Many glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins (GR-RBPs) have critical functions in RNA processing and metabolism. Here, we describe a role for the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) GR-RBP SlRBP1 in regulating mRNA translation. We found that SlRBP1 knockdown mutants (slrbp1) displayed reduced accumulation of total chlorophyll and impaired chloroplast ultrastructure. These phenotypes were accompanied by deregulation of the levels of numerous key transcripts associated with chloroplast functions in slrbp1. Furthermore, native RNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (nRIP-seq) recovered 61 SlRBP1-associated RNAs, most of which are involved in photosynthesis. SlRBP1 binding to selected target RNAs was validated by nRIP-qPCR. Intriguingly, the accumulation of proteins encoded by SlRBP1-bound transcripts, but not the mRNAs themselves, was reduced in slrbp1 mutants. Polysome profiling followed by RT-qPCR assays indicated that the polysome occupancy of target RNAs was lower in slrbp1 plants than in wild-type. Furthermore, SlRBP1 interacted with the eukaryotic translation initiation factor SleIF4A2. Silencing of SlRBP1 significantly reduced SleIF4A2 binding to SlRBP1-target RNAs. Taking these observations together, we propose that SlRBP1 binds to and channels RNAs onto the SleIF4A2 translation initiation complex and promotes the translation of its target RNAs to regulate chloroplast functions.
Which Pain Treatment Goals Are Important to Community-Dwelling Older Adults?
Authors: Scher Clara , Henderson Charles R , Pillemer Karl , Kim Patricia , Reid M C
Published: April 2022

Objective

In this cross-sectional study of 237 older adults, we ascertained the importance of seven pain treatment goals and identified factors associated with their perceived importance.

Methods

Participants (mean age = 72 years) ranked each goal (e.g., pain reduction; finding a cure) on a 1 (not at all important) to 10 (extremely important) scale. We used general linear models to identify sociodemographic and pain factors independently associated with the perceived importance of each goal and repeated measures mixed models to examine their relative importance.

Results

The goal with the lowest adjusted score was “minimize harmful side effects from pain medications” with a mean (standard error [SE]) of 6.75 (0.239), while the highest ranked goals, “finding a cure,” and “reducing my pain” had mean scores of 8.06 (0.237) and 7.89 (0.235), respectively. Pain reduction did not differ significantly from the average of the other 6 goals (P = .072) but was significantly different when compared with the goals of minimizing side effects (P < .0001) and finding a cause for the pain (P = .047), and different from the average of the five other goals excluding finding a cure (P = .021). We did not identify differences in the importance of the seven goals by gender or race/ethnicity. Age was inversely associated with the goals of minimizing harmful side effects and decreasing pain’s effects on everyday activities. Pain reduction was rated more important than all other goals but finding a cure.

Conclusions

Future research is needed to establish the benefits of eliciting treatment goals when delivering pain care to older adults.