bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large-amplitude internal waves and turbulent mixing in three-layer flows under a rigid lid
Authors: Chesnokov A. , Shmakova N. , Zhao B. , Zhang T. , Wang Z. , Duan W.
Published: July 2024

We consider a nonlinear long-wave Boussinesq-type model describing the propagation of breaking internal solitary waves in a three-layer flow between two rigid boundaries. The Green–Naghdi-type equations govern the fluid flow in the top and bottom homogeneous layers. In the intermediate hydrostatic layer, the fluid is non-homogeneous, and its flow is described by the depth-averaged shallow water equations for shear flows. The velocity shear in the outer layers can lead to the development of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability and turbulent mixing. To take this into account, we propose a simple law of vertical mixing, which governs the interaction of these layers. Stationary solutions and non-stationary calculations show the effect of mixing (or breaking) for waves of sufficiently large amplitude. We construct steady-state soliton-like solutions of the three-layer model adjacent to a given constant flow. The obtained theoretical profiles of breaking solitary waves are consistent with laboratory experiments.
Parental leave and returning to work during the COVID-19 pandemic: an exploratory mixed-methods study
Authors: Saab Nancy , Holton Sara , Wright Anne , Bruce Suellen , Rasmussen Bodil
Published: July 2024

Objective This study explored the experiences, concerns and perceptions of hospital clinical staff returning to work after parental leave during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods An exploratory mixed-methods study was performed. Eligible staff employed at a large metropolitan tertiary health service in Melbourne, Australia, completed an ethics-approved anonymous online cross-sectional survey and/or participated in an interview between February and June 2021. Results Ninety-six staff completed a survey and four participated in an interview. Staff reported both positive and negative aspects of being on parental leave during the COVID-19 pandemic including disappointment their leave had not gone as planned; feeling isolated from family and friends; wanting greater communication from their health service; appreciating the increased opportunities for them and their partner to be at home and bond with their baby; and concerns about returning to work such as limited knowledge of COVID-19 workplace policies and potentially infecting their baby and family. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic had a unique impact on the parental leave and return to work experiences of hospital clinical staff. The findings suggest that staff would benefit from formal return to work policies and programs including regular contact with their manager while on parental leave and workplace reorientation on their return, especially during events such as a pandemic.
Mpox diagnostics: a swift and integrated approach to outbreak control
Authors: Lim Chuan Kok , Pasricha Shivani , Low Soo Jen
Published: July 2024

The unprecedented global spread of monkeypox (mpox) through physical and sexual transmission revealed significant gaps in diagnostics and sexually transmitted infection (STI) outbreak preparation. An early understanding of viral infectivity and shedding dynamics is critical in informing testing strategies. Capability for viral culture in high-containment laboratories allows rapid dissemination of control materials and evaluation of high-throughput assays, in preparation for testing upscaling. Early genomic characterisation in local clusters informs suitable public health applications and limitations. Monkeypox virus (MPXV) genomics can provide global contextualisation and assist in determining disease importation. As mpox outbreak control strategies evolve towards preventing importation, investment in point-of-care rapid diagnostics such as CRISPR-based lateral flow assays is critical for an agile STI disease-control response.
Knowledge of macrophyte requirements and tolerances holds the key to successful shallow lake restoration – a New Zealand perspective
Authors: Hofstra Deborah , de Winton Mary , Champion Paul
Published: July 2024

Many shallow lakes are degraded to the point where they are permanently turbid and macrophytes no longer grow. Without the macrophytes, wave action resuspends lakebed sediments, and a feedback loop is set up, trapping the lake in a degraded state. Multiple restoration actions are required to reverse this process, including catchment management and in-lake actions to remove barriers to establishing native vegetation. In particular, when macrophytes have been lost for a long time, the native seedbank may be depauperate and limit re-establishment opportunities. Re-establishment of submerged vegetation is critical to the restoration of lakes, but to date there have been few efforts to actively do this. There are significant barriers preventing this goal, relating to poor water quality, low-density sediments and the browsing impacts of fish and waterfowl, that will be further exacerbated by the warmer temperatures and more extreme weather events forecast under climate change. A combination of experimental and field studies determining optimal environmental ranges of different macrophyte species, methods to culture en masse and techniques to promote sufficient water clarity and sediment density to sustain macrophytes are necessary. Once minimum vegetation cover thresholds are exceeded, sustainable restoration to a macrophyte-dominated clear-water state should eventuate.
Yardangs sculpted by erosion of heterogeneous material
Authors: Boury Samuel , Weady Scott , Ristroph Leif
Published: July 2024

The recognizable shapes of landforms arise from processes such as erosion by wind or water currents. However, explaining the physical origin of natural structures is challenging due to the coupled evolution of complex flow fields and three-dimensional (3D) topographies. We investigate these issues in a laboratory setting inspired by yardangs, which are raised, elongate formations whose characteristic shape suggests erosion of heterogeneous material by directional flows. We combine experiments and simulations to test an origin hypothesis involving a harder or less erodible inclusion embedded in an outcropping of softer material. Optical scans of clay objects fixed within flowing water reveal a transformation from a featureless mound to a yardang-like form resembling a lion in repose. Phase-field simulations reproduce similar shape dynamics and show their dependence on the erodibility contrast and flow strength. Through visualizations of the flow fields and analysis of the local erosion rate, we identify effects associated with flow funneling and the turbulent wake that are responsible for carving the unique geometrical features. This highly 3D scouring process produces complex shapes from simple and commonplace starting conditions and is thus a candidate explanation for natural yardangs. The methods introduced here should be generally useful for geomorphological problems and especially those for which material heterogeneity is a primary factor.
SP1 undergoes phase separation and activates RGS20 expression through super-enhancers to promote lung adenocarcinoma progression
Authors: Shan Liying , Wang Wenmeng , Du Lijuan , Li Dangdang , Wang Yunxuan , Xie Yuyan , Li Hongyan , Wang Jiale , Shi Zhihao , Zhou Yang , Zhu Daling , Sui Guangchao , Liu Fang
Published: July 2024

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. The transcription factor (TF) specificity protein 1 (SP1) plays a crucial role in the development of various cancers, including LUAD. Recent studies have indicated that master TFs may form phase-separated macromolecular condensates to promote super-enhancer (SE) assembly and oncogene expression. In this study, we demonstrated that SP1 undergoes phase separation and that its zinc finger 3 in the DNA-binding domain is essential for this process. Through Cleavage Under Targets & Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) using antibodies against SP1 and H3K27ac, we found a significant correlation between SP1 enrichment and SE elements, identified the regulator of the G protein signaling 20 (RGS20) gene as the most likely target regulated by SP1 through SE mechanisms, and verified this finding using different approaches. The oncogenic activity of SP1 relies on its phase separation ability and RGS20 gene activation, which can be abolished by glycogen synthase kinase J4 (GSK-J4), a demethylase inhibitor. Together, our findings provide evidence that SP1 regulates its target oncogene expression through phase separation and SE mechanisms, thereby promoting LUAD cell progression. This study also revealed an innovative target for LUAD therapies through intervening in SP1-mediated SE formation.
From negative to conjunctive
Authors: Huang Yanxuan , Huang Ruiling , Huang Jiaying
Published: July 2024

In the Jieyang Southern Min dialect, the negative 無 bo55
has evolved into a conjunctive that is used in multiple constructions: negative conditionals, cause and effect, disjunctives, and proposals. This paper aims to describe the multiple functions of 無 bo55
and to construct its grammaticalization path as compared with those of 否則 fouze ‘otherwise or else’, and 要不 yaobu ‘if not’, in Mandarin. It is common in Chinese and other languages for a negative to combine with its adjacent conjunctive to develop a new conjunctive. However, the Jieyang dialect exhibits a unique feature in that 無 bo55
is grammaticalized into a conjunctive per se by applying a complicated process of reasoning involving the logical relations among clauses without the support of any conjunctive constituents. This phenomenon can provide a new model for the study of grammatical evolution.
Relaxation dynamics in the alternating XY chain following a quantum quench
Authors: Cao Kaiyuan , Hu Yayun , Tong Peiqing , Yang Guangwen , Liu Peng
Published: July 2024

We investigate the relaxation dynamics of the fermion two-point correlation function

C

mn

(
t
)
=
〈
ψ
(
t
)
∣

c

m

†

c

n

∣
ψ
(
t
)
〉

in the XY chain with alternating nearest-neighbor hopping interaction after a quench. We find that the deviation δ
C

mn
(t) = C

mn
(t) − C

mn
(∞) decays with time following the power law behavior t
−μ
, where the exponent μ depends on whether the quench is to the commensurate phase (μ = 1) or incommensurate phase (

μ
=

1

2

). This decay of δ
C

mn
(t) arises from the transient behavior of the double-excited quasiparticle occupations and the transitions between different excitation spectra. Furthermore, we find that the steady value C

mn
(∞) only involves the average fermion occupation numbers (i.e. the average excited single particle) over the time-evolved state, which are different from the ground state expectation values. We also observe nonanalytic singularities in the steady value C

mn
(∞) for the quench to the critical points of the quantum phase transitions (QPTs), suggesting its potential use as a signature of QPTs.
Dynamic control of polarization conversion based on borophene nanostructures in optical communication bands
Authors: Wang Xin-Yang , Lin Qi , Wang Ling-Ling , Liu Gui-Dong
Published: July 2024

Polarized light has a number of potential applications in the communication bands, including optical communication, polarization imaging, quantum emission, and quantum communication. Nonetheless, there is a need to enhance the dynamic tunability, broadband operation, and flexibility of polarization control. Here, a borophene structure is proposed to dynamically control the polarization state of reflected light. The coherent excitation of localized surface plasmons (LSPs) empowers the achievement of a perfect linearly-circularly polarization conversion at the commercially important communication wavelength of 1550 nm. The dynamic tunability and switching, as well as the arbitrary polarization conversion, are enabled over a wide spectral range by modulating the carrier concentration of borophene. Moreover, by deforming the borophene array and alternately stimulating the upper and lower layers of the LSPs mode, the polarization rotation direction can be flexibly switched. Finally, the process of near-field coupling between the LSPs and dipole light source positioned at a chosen hotspot is demonstrated. This coupling enables polarization-tunable spontaneous emission enhancement, with a spontaneous emission enhancement exceeding 900. The proposed design contributes to enhancing the speed and efficiency of communication within the domain of quantum communication.
Sand mining across the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna Catchment; assessment of activity and implications for sediment delivery
Authors: Daham Afrah , Sambrook Smith Gregory H , Nicholas Andrew P , Gasparotto Andrea , Clark Julian , Yasmin Tahmina
Published: July 2024

While issues of pollution, floods and drought in our rivers are widely studied, there is a hidden crisis with respect to the widespread global extraction of sand. Large volumes of sand are needed in the construction industry to make concrete. So far, calls for greater monitoring of sand mining activity have largely gone unmet. This is due to the fact mining is extensive, often hidden (e.g. underwater) and thus very difficult to properly assess. To meet this challenge, we use remote sensing methods to detect and monitor sand mining activities at the catchment scale, across the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna River system (catchment size 1.72 million km2). Based on this analysis, here we show that mining activity is diverse and pervasive across the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna Catchment system for our study period of 2016–2021, with rates of extraction increasing within some of the rivers. Results show the total estimate for sand extraction is ∼115 Mtyr−1 ± 20 Mtyr−1, which is of a similar order of magnitude to the natural bedload flux of the catchment. While there are some limitations to deriving estimates based solely on imagery, this work highlights both the widespread spatial extent and large magnitude of sand mining for one of the world’s biggest catchments. Furthermore, given our estimated scale of sand extraction, it demonstrates the need to properly account for mining activities when considering delivery of sediment to deltas in terms of the management of these vulnerable systems in the face of rising sea-levels. Overall, this work stresses the urgent requirement for further similar studies of sand extraction in the world’s large rivers, which is vital to underpin sustainable management plans for the global sand commons.
Providing feed containing fermented fish waste and phytogenic feed additive on the performance of male quail
Authors: Daud M , Zulfan  , Armia Y , Hasbaini
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this exploration was to determine the effect of using fermented fish waste and phytogenic feed additive in sections on the growth of male quail. The exploration material used was 1200 male quail progressed 1- day old quail (DOQ). The research method was carried out experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment rations used were as follows: R1 = control ration (without fermented1fish waste and phytogenic feed additive), R2 = feed1containing 10% fermented fish waste + 0.5%iphytogenic1feed additive, R3 = feed containing 15% fermented fish waste + 0.5% phytogenic feed additive, and R4 = feed containing 20% fermentedifish waste + 0.5% phytogenic feed additive. The variables1observed were: ration1consumption, feed conversion, body1weight gain,1final body1weight, and1mortality. The data obtained were analyzed1using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan’s multiple1range test. The results of the study showed that the use of fermented fish waste and phytogenic feed additives in the ration had a significant1effect (p<0.05) on feed consumption, body weight1gain, final1body weight and ration conversion of 6-week-old male quail, but had no significant effect on mortality. The1results of the study concluded1that the use of fermented fish waste up to 20% and 0.5% phytogenic feed additive in the1ration did not have a negative effect1on the growth of male quail and could increase body weight gain and body weight of male quail aged 6 weeks.
An experimental batch study on separation of palm kernel and palm shell with salt solution
Authors: Jannah R , Machdar I , Abdullah  , Sofyan  , Rinaldi W , Ernawati
Published: July 2024

The effectiveness of the palm kernel separation process is of paramount significance, as it directly influences the quantity of palm kernels obtained. This efficiency forms the core of the decision-making process when considering how to best use palm kernel shells, which are a byproduct of the palm oil industry. These versatile shells have various applications, including their role as a fuel source, their use in producing activated carbon, and their utility as an alternative material in lightweight concrete. The primary aim of this investigation is to examine and enhance the efficiency of this innovative segregation technique, with a specific focus on identifying the optimal conditions for achieving effective segregation, particularly the ideal concentration of salt (NaCl) in a batch process. The research methodology comprises a wellstructured series of steps designed to systematically evaluate the segregation process. In the initial stages, samples of palm kernel and shell were collected from a local palm oil industry and meticulously prepared for experimentation. Subsequently, salt solutions with varying saturation percentage of salt solution beetwen 12 g/L and 380 g/L were prepared. As the samples were immersed in the solution, the denser palm kernel shells settled at the base, whereas the lighter palm kernels rised to the top, simplifying the separation of these two elements. The highest level of segregation efficiency was achieved at the 380 g/L of Consentration of salt solution. This suggested method offers advantages, including the capability to achieve a 100% separation of palm kernel and palm kernel shell.
The Effect of Using Papain Enzyme on Quality Analysis of Buffalo Meat Jerky
Authors: Amhar  , Dzarnisa  , Fitri Cut Aida , Mudatsir  , As’ari Ihza , Khalil Muhammad
Published: July 2024

One type of meat preservation is making jerky by using various types of seasoning ingredients from nature. Meat jerky is very popular with people in the market. Most jerky currently on the market is generally made from beef, and very little jerky comes from buffalo meat because buffalo meat contains coarse and hard fibres that are less preferred by consumers. Besides containing various antioxidant components that benefit health, buffalo meat is relatively cheaper than beef. Therefore, the use of papain enzyme can improve the quality of meat jerky. This is due to the peptide components of dipeptides, tripeptides and polypeptides. Using papain enzyme can also improve the quality of buffalo meat jerky, crispy and tender. In this research, using 10% of papain could increase the content of peptides and amino acids in buffalo meat. Finally, it is expected that consumers will prefer jerky and will be able to increase the income of entrepreneurs and breeders. This research can also support government programs on national food independence and security through meat diversification products in the form of fulfilling consumption of animal protein sources, which are very beneficial for human health.
Effect of hydrocolloid type on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of gluten-free white bread
Authors: Muna S N , Akmalia D , Noviasari S , Safriani N , Muzaifa M
Published: July 2024

Gluten-free white bread making using local composite flour is currently increasingly being studied. However, the characteristics of the gluten-free white bread produced are not as good as using wheat flour. The use of hydrocolloids is needed to optimize the quality of the white bread produced. This research aimed to examine the effect of hydrocolloid types on the physicochemical and sensory properties of gluten-free white bread. This study used CRD non-factorial, a type of hydrocolloid consisting of xanthan gum, gum arabic and glucomannan. The parameters analyzed are swelling volume, porosity, water content, fat content, protein content, and hedonic (aroma, color, taste, and texture). The results of the research showed that the type of hydrocolloid had a significant effect on the swelling volume, protein content and overall hedonics of white bread. The use of glucomannan and gum arabic produced better volume expansion, protein and hedonic value than xanthan gum. The best treatment was obtained using gum arabic hydrocolloid with characteristics of swelling volume of 228.88%, porosity 1525.87, water content 40.20%, ash content 2.32%, protein content 34.13%, hedonic color 4.7 (like very much), aroma hedonic 4.9 (like very much), taste hedonic 4.1 (like) and texture hedonic 4,1 (like).
A mini review: Potential synergy of cacao leaves and cinnamon bark as a functional tea
Authors: Kautsar M , Rozali Z F , Aisyah Y
Published: July 2024

Cacao leaves tea is an increasingly popular drink, especially among tea lovers. Cacao leaves provide a distinctive taste and aroma. Traditionally cacao tea has been used as a herbal drink to help treat fevers, stomach aches and even coughs. The bioactive compound in cacao leaves has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can help in the healing process. Cinnamon is a spice that is widely used in food to enhance taste and aroma. It has a high antioxidant content and has many health benefits, including being an anti-diabetic. The aim of writing this article is to explain the potential synergy of cacao leaves with the addition of cinnamon as a functional drink in terms of nutritional composition and bioactive compounds contained in both. In the current era of globalization, increasing levels of free radicals have driven an increase in the need for bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. Consuming antioxidants obtained from cacao leaves – cinnamon tea, is expected to help reduce oxidative stress and potentially provide beneficial health effects. It was found that cacao leaves tea with the addition of cinnamon bark has potential as a functional drink because it contains bioactive compounds, especially phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids in significant concentrations.
A short review: fish oil extraction methods obtaining oils with high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Hamzah D F , Satriana  , Sutriana A , Anwar S H
Published: July 2024

Nutrition improvement can be ensured by prioritizing the consumption of animal foods, one of which is fish. Fish consumption generally requires cooking at high temperatures which trigger the protein denaturation, therefore consumption of fish oil is more beneficial for human health. However, extraction of oil from fish is quite challenging, particularly the extraction which produce high amount of unsaturated fatty acid. This short review aims to summarizes and evaluate the best fish oil extraction method by observing temperature, time, solvent ratio, oil yield, and unsaturated fatty acid content. The best quality of fish oil can be obtained through a series of extraction processes, namely the extraction without solvent and using solvent. Each fish oil extraction method takes into account several parameters, such as producing different amounts of oil with unsaturated fatty acid content. Ultrasound-assisted extraction methods provide an excellent oil yield and unsaturated fatty acids with better quality than other extraction methods. It is also underlined that fish oil obtained from the ultrasound-assisted extraction method can be used as a nutritional alternative to improve human health.
The effect of adding butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) flower extract to the coconut water-egg yolk diluent on the quality of Aceh cattle spermatozoa
Authors: Mariana E , Sauri F S , Khairi F , Novita C I , Abdullah M A N
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to determine the effect of adding butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) extract to the coconut water-egg yolk diluent on the quality of Aceh cattle spermatozoa stored at 4°C. The semen used is obtained from the ejaculate of Aceh cattle kept in the Saree artificial insemination center. The treatment in this research was the addition of butterfly pea flower extract to the coconut water-egg yolk diluent with concentrations of 0% (P1), 0.2% (P2), 0.4% (P3), 0.6% (P4), and 0.8% (P5). The spermatozoa quality variables measured were motility, viability, and abnormalities of spermatozoa after and before cooling. The results showed that adding butterfly pea flower extract to the diluent significantly affected spermatozoa motility and viability. Still, they did not affect the percentage of spermatozoa abnormalities before or after the cooling process. The quality of Aceh cattle spermatozoa before and after the cooling process was no different. Adding butterfly pea flower extract to a concentration of 0.6 g/100 ml in the diluent (P4) produced the best spermatozoa motility, viability, and abnormalities. The conclusion is that the addition of butterfly pea flower extract to the coconut water-egg yolk diluent can prevent a decrease in the quality of Aceh cattle spermatozoa stored at 4°C.
Performance of feature extraction method combination in arabica coffee roasting classification
Authors: Cynthiarani F C , Lelono  , Putri D U K
Published: July 2024

Feature extraction is vital in electronic nose technology, particularly for classification tasks. However, challenges like noise, temperature variations, humidity, drift, and unwanted aromas can introduce inconsistencies in feature extraction, diminishing the machine’s classification capabilities. This study aimed to assess the electronic nose’s performance in recognizing aroma patterns of Arabica coffee at four roasting levels. It involved comparing 63 feature extraction method combinations derived from six primary methods (mean, skewness, kurtosis, standard deviation, maximum, minimum). After extracting features, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was used for dimensionality reduction and analysis. Subsequently, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model was trained and validated using Stratified K-Fold Cross Validation to comprehend feature patterns and labels and determine hyperplanes for distinct classes. The results revealed that the best feature combination to classify arabica coffee aromas at various roasting levels was achieved by using a combination of mean, kurtosis, and standard deviation, with an accuracy of 86.11%, precision of 86.73%, recall of 86.11%, and MCC of 0.8159 in a training time of 0.0574 seconds. Utilizing LDA improved accuracy by 9.81% and MCC by 15.01%.
The performance of arabica coffee farmers in implementing good agricultural practices in Aceh Tengah, Indonesia
Authors: Hamid A H , Siregar Q N , Zikria V , Ginting L N , Zulkarnain Z , Juliaviani N , Anhar A , Baihaqi A
Published: July 2024

A significant portion of the population in Aceh Tengah Regency is engaged in the cultivation of Gayo Arabica coffee, which has profoundly affected the local economy. The people of Aceh Tengah Regency rely heavily on producing Arabic coffee. In order to enhance the yield of Arabica coffee, the farmer must implement Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). This research uses a purposive sampling technique, a qualitative descriptive analysis method to determine the level of implementation of GAP, multiple linear regression analysis to determine the factors that influence the productivity of Gayo Arabica coffee in Central Aceh Regency, the F test, R Square, and t-test are used to determine differences in the application of GAP between coffee farmers. Those who implement GAP well and those who don’t. The study results show that the level of GAP implementation in Arabica coffee in Central Aceh District reached 80.23%, which indicates a high level of compliance with recommended practices. The multiple linear regression test shows that several variables have a significant influence on the productivity of Gayo Arabica coffee in terms of GAP. These variables include land preparation, irrigation systems, seed preparation, planting, and nurturing. Meanwhile, the harvesting and post-harvesting processes have a small impact.
Analysis of income and value addition from coffee beans to coffee powder in Lintong Nihuta sub-district, Humbang Hasundutan regency
Authors: Lubis S N , Sebayang T , Siburian S , Lubis A A R D
Published: July 2024

This study aims to analyze the extent of value addition and income within the Arabica coffee powder processing enterprise. The selection of the research area was purposive, guided by the fact that the Lintong Nihuta Sub-district serves as a prominent hub for Arabica coffee production. The sample for this research consisted of the Arabica coffee powder processing business BR JR Coffee, selected through the Purposive Sampling technique. The employed data analysis methods encompass the Hayami value-added calculation approach and descriptive analysis. The Hayami value-added calculation technique is employed to determine the value addition stemming from the conversion of coffee beans into Arabica coffee powder. Meanwhile, the descriptive analysis method is utilized to compute the revenue generated by the coffee powder processing endeavor. The research findings divulge that the value addition resulting from the conversion of coffee beans into Arabica coffee powder at BR Jr Coffee totals Rp52,649.087 per kilogram, with a value-added ratio of 50.57%. Additionally, the accrued income stands at Rp1,199,473 per production cycle.
Disaster mitigation education (DME): A bibliometric study from Scopus database
Authors: Suboh T P , Rosemary R , Rahman A , Kamarullah
Published: July 2024

Natural catastrophes may be especially devastating in some countries. Thus, in disaster-prone areas, it is crucial that people get education on mitigation strategies so that they can be prepared for future calamities. Therefore, it is vital for all parties involved that research be conducted on mitigation education. This bibliometric study examines disaster mitigation education (DME) bibliographies in the Scopus database from 2011 to 2022 with the goal of mapping this research to guide future studies on the subject of disasters. The study process consisted of four steps: finding, filtering, correcting, and analyzing; each step was accomplished with the aid of a different program, such as Publish or Perish, Mendeley Desktop, and the VOSviewer application. Publication tendencies connected to mitigation education were examined, along with citations, authors’ collaboration, and the examination of keywords used in abstracts. Throughout the four phases, there were 13 issues that saw an increasing publishing rate throughout the aforementioned period. After that, the years 2015-2017 saw an increase in the issue’s citations before gradually declining again. Only ten authors, mostly from North American nations, worked together on studies of DME globally. Finally, the authors in this issue made frequent use of 16 abstract terms, the most common of which were “mitigation,” “student,” and “object.” According to these findings, there has been a dearth of research on the feasibility of incorporating disaster-prevention strategies into existing educational structures, including curricula, learning materials, and policies. Students should be taught about disaster preparedness at an early age so that future generations may avoid problems before, during, and after a crisis.
The examination of the relationship between land cover and land surface temperature in Karang Baru Sub-District, Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Ar’afii E A , Sugianto S , Wijaya L , Rusdi M , Basri H , Zuraida
Published: July 2024

Land cover change can lead to variations in land surface temperature, primarily because different materials have varying capacities to receive, absorb, and re-emit solar radiation. Karang Baru, situated as the capital of Aceh Tamiang Regency near North Sumatra, one of the most densely populated Regency, has been experiencing continuous development since 2002, following its separation from East Aceh Regency. The development in Karang Baru has resulted in a noticeable influence on land surface temperature. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between land cover and land surface temperature in Karang Baru from 2002 to 2022. This research classified land cover using the supervised classification method employing the Maximum Likelihood Algorithm, and land surface temperature was estimated using the Split Window Algorithm method. Subsequently, simple regression analysis in this context indicates a quantitative approach to understanding the relationship between land cover and land surface temperature in Karang Baru, providing valuable insights for environmental and urban planning considerations. The findings of this research indicate that the type of land cover indeed influences the land surface temperature in Karang Baru. In summary, this study establishes that land cover can substantially impact the regional surface temperature, with temperature increases associated with surfaces featuring buildings, roads, fields, or similar materials. In contrast, vegetated surfaces tend to exhibit lower land surface temperatures in the area.
Farmers’ perception and strategies for mitigating and adapting to climate change impacts in the agricultural sector
Authors: Adlina M , Syamsidik  , Oktari R S
Published: July 2024

The objectives of this study are 1) to determine farmers’ perceptions, adaptation and mitigation towards climate change; 2) to provide recommendations for appropriate adaptation strategies towards climate change. The research methodology employed was qualitative, involving a literature review and focus group discussions (FGD). The study’s findings reveal several key indicators within the farming community. Farmer perceptions encompass their responses to external factors, comprehension, and assessment of climate change. Adaptation indicators comprise perception, level of exposure, risk tolerance, sociodemographic characteristics, and adaptive capacity. Mitigation strategies involve enhancing productivity and efficiency, implementing specialized technology options, and adapting agricultural management practices. Farmer perceptions highlight the recognition of climate change as a relatively recent phenomenon, coupled with its palpable impact on agriculture. Adaptations made by farmers include pesticide use, adjusted planting seasons, exploring alternative livelihoods, and land cultivation. Mitigation efforts entail the management of water resources and the adoption of cutting-edge agricultural technologies. These indicators, combined with the insights from focus group discussions (FGD), can serve as valuable tools for developing instruments to assess climate change within the agricultural sector.
Aspen Plus simulation analysis of hydrogen production from biomass pyrolysis integrated with steam methane reformer unit
Authors: Harahap R K , Nur T B , Syafiie S
Published: July 2024

As a Paris Agreement signatory committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, Indonesia must shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy to reduce emissions and economic growth. Biomass, abundant in North Sumatra, particularly palm oil biomass, offers a potential solution. Biomass can be converted into hydrogen through a thermochemical pyrolysis integrated steam methane reformer (SMR). The Aspen Plus software simulates an integrated biomass pyrolysis system with an SMR unit in this study. Nickel oxide (NiO), used as a catalyst in the SMR unit, is particularly attractive due to its natural abundance and cost-effectiveness. With the batch process, the working pyrolysis temperature is 500°C and SMR is 450°C, respectively. For one process, feed pyrolysis and SMR are 6.54 kg of empty fruit bunch (EFB) palm oil biomass, and SMR supply with 1.515 kg of water vapor or the EFB/water vapor ratio are 81% and 19%, respectively. The above condition will produce 4.27 kg (53%) H2, 1.77 kg (22%) CO2, and 1.93 kg (24%) H2O. Overall, the integrated pyrolysis with SMR (steam methane reformer) for hydrogen production shows good conversion, where every 1 kg of EFB (Empty Fruit Bunches) produces 0.67 kg of hydrogen.
Risk response analysis on road project implementation in North Aceh district
Authors: Sari H , Husin S , Rauzana A
Published: July 2024

Construction projects are activities carried out to build a building that is limited by cost, time and quality. Therefore good control is needed, especially that the project can expected goals quickly, precisely, and effectively. Risk response is the process of controlling risks that can be identified. The purpose of this paper to determine the dominant risk response in road projects. This research uses quantitative (used is FI, SI and RII) and analysis Descriptive Statistics. There are 25 Respondents addressed to Directors, project managers, or engineers representing contractor companies that have worked on road projects in North Aceh Regency using the 2022 APBD.The results showed that of the 124 indicators studied, the most dominant risk to costs of road projects in North Aceh Regency in 2022 was 2 indicators, namely increasing costs due to environmental security (C5) of 0.776 and unofficial levies (C11) of 0.768. The dominant risk response to costs based on survey results in the field is avoided because the probability is 80-100%. Indicator (C5) Increased costs due to environmental security, the response is avoided by providing special security workers or security guards. Indicator (C11) Unofficial levies, The response is avoided by conducting socialization to the community.
Characterization of candlenut leaf extract Simplicia (Auleurites moluccanus) Seulawah mountains
Authors: Zahara Elfi , Darmawi  , Balqis Ummu , Soraya Cut
Published: July 2024

Candlenut is a plant that has active components and is believed by the public to be able to cure diseases. The parts of this medicinal plant can be used starting from the roots, stems, leaves, and fruit. The candlenut leaves also contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which are excreted. It is believed to cure or reduce pain. Candlenut leaf extract can be used as a mouthwash to prevent dental caries. This research aims to determine the characteristics of simplicia from candlenut leaves (Aleurites moluccanus). Samples of candlenut leaves were obtained from the Seulawah Mountains, where the soil contains high levels of secondary metabolites. Based on the results of the simplicia character test, it is known that the characteristics of the candlenut leaf simplicia in the water content (2.978 %) and total ash content (9.75 %) tests meet the requirements of Farmako Indonesia and Materia Medika Indonesia (MMI).
Identifying the structure as a hot water outflow path using gravity in Jatimulyo, South Lampung
Authors: Paembonan A Y , Irawati S M , Mustofa Y , Putri I A , Ekawati G M , Laesanpura A , Yanis M
Published: July 2024

Geothermal manifestations have been utilized as a tourist attraction (geo-tourism) worldwide. Geothermal manifestation systems could be found in many forms such as hot springs. The path of the hot water flow is controlled by the existence of geologic structures such as faults as the medium. Geophysical methods in general have been used to image and characterize subsurface layers. The gravity method using the natural source has been employed to determine the geological structure, such as faults. This study aims to identify the structure related to the outflow path which is part of the geothermal system using gravity method in Jatimulyo Village, Jati Agung, South Lampung. The result shows the contrast anomaly indicating the existence of a fault that could be a hot water path. An outflow zone which is characterized by low temperatures because it is far from heat sources. The complete Bouguer Anomaly is used to create 2D forward modelling where the model is divided in 2 layers. The first layer is indicated as Lampung Formation (QTl) with density of 1.8 g/cc, and second layer recognized as bedrock with denser rock of 2.78 g/cc representing Tertiary Paleozoic (Pzg) Gunung Kasih Complex Formation.
Identification of secondary metabolite compounds in n-hexane extract of noni (Morinda citrifolia Linn) leaves through phytochemical test
Authors: Dewi R , Siregar T N , Wahyuni S , Sutriana A
Published: July 2024

Noni (Morinda citrifolia Linn) is one of the plants with a high antioxidant content in its roots, leaves, and fruit. Noni leaf extract contains numerous active compounds, including flavonoids, anthraquinones, sterols, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, ascorbic acid, beta carotene, and prexeronin. The aim of this study was to use phytochemical tests to identify the active compounds in n-hexane extracts of noni leaves. This test begins with extracting noni leaves using n-hexane solvent. The resulting extracts were subjected to phytochemical testing including alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, terpenoid, tannin, and saponin tests. The results of this test showed that the n-hexane extract of noni leaves contained only terpenoids and steroids. As a result, it can be concluded that these two compounds can react with non-polar solvents such as n-hexane.
Spatial patterns of tuberculosis in Aceh Province during the COVID-19 pandemic: a geospatial autocorrelation assessment
Authors: Saputra A , Sofyan H , Kesuma Z M , Sasmita N R , Wichaidit W , Chongsuvivatwong V
Published: July 2024

Tuberculosis remains a significant global health challenge, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Aceh Province, where tuberculosis incidence has reached alarming levels, understanding the spatial distribution of cases is crucial for effective interventions. This study aimed to assess the spatial autocorrelation of tuberculosis incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic in 23 districts of Aceh Province, Indonesia. Using an ecological study, we analysed secondary data of the reported tuberculosis cases in Aceh Province covering 2020 to 2022. We use the Shapiro-Wilk test to evaluate the normality and the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the differences between study periods. Spatial autocorrelation was evaluated at both global and local levels using Moran’s I and Getis-Ord statistics, respectively. The study included 24,715 tuberculosis cases, revealing that the district with the highest incidence differed in each year. The study showed that TB case in Aceh Province was not normally distributed yet different for each study period. Surprisingly, the global spatial autocorrelation was detected only in 2022 (p-value = 0.013). However, local spatial autocorrelation identified Pidie Jaya, Lhokseumawe, Aceh Utara and Bener Meriah as statistically significant hot-spots for 3 consecutive years. It suggests that the tuberculosis incidence in most districts did not significantly influence the incidence of tuberculosis in its neighbours. These findings contribute to our understanding of tuberculosis distribution and offer valuable insights for public health planning and resource allocation.
Healing of diabetic ulcers using jamaican cherry leaf extract cream (Muntingia calabura l.) based on collagen density in white rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Balqis U , Aisyah S , Sofyan H , Admi M , Darmawi D , Hamdi M H
Published: July 2024

This research aims to determine the potential of jamaican cherry leaf extract cream (JCLEC) to accelerate the healing process of diabetic ulcers in white rat based on collagen density. The research used 4 month old male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were divided into K0 (negative control), KP (silver sulfadiazine), K1 (5% JCLEC), K2 (10% JCLEC), and K3 (15% JCLEC). An incision was made on the back of the rat then given JCLEC. Days 3, 7, and 14 after treatment, the wound tissue was collected after the rat were euthanized. Skin tissue was processed and stained with picrosirious red. The rate of wound healing was observed. Collagen density was presented in scoring. Based on the treatment group and observation time, there was a significant difference in collagen density between the treatment groups compared to the control (P<0.05). Based on the treatment group, the scoring of the collagen density was 1.78±0.6 (K0); 2.56±0.88 (KP); 1.78±0.4 (K1); 2.56±0.88 (K2); and 3.1±0.78 (K3). Based on observation time, the average collagen density scoring was 1.8±0.3 (D-3); 2.6±0.4 (D-7); and 2.8±0.6 (D-14). The conclusion is the 15% JCLEC has the potential to accelerate the healing of diabetic ulcers in white rats by stimulate collagen density.
Synthesis of microalgae-based methyl ester using calcium glyceroxide catalyst derived from duck eggshells and crude glycerol in the n-hexane co-solvent system
Authors: Alam W S , Abraar F , Pramananda V , Masyithah Z
Published: July 2024

The synthesis of microalgae-based methyl ester has attracted the interest of researchers since microalgae have a high lipid content and can proliferate. Chlorella vulgaris, with its 63% lipid content on a dry basis, holds promise for methyl ester production. Heterogeneous catalysts, particularly calcium glyceroxide (Ca[O(OH)2C3H5]), play a crucial role in ester manufacturing due to their high catalytic activity. The synthesis of the calcium glyceroxide catalyst involves duck eggshells as a calcium source and crude glycerol. Optimal methyl ester production is achieved by employing n-hexane as a co-solvent for efficient microalgae oil dissolution. This research focuses on synthesizing and characterizing the calcium glyceroxide catalyst derived from duck eggshells and crude glycerol, emphasizing its application in manufacturing microalgae-based methyl esters with n-hexane as the co-solvent. Methyl ester synthesis variables include a 55°C reaction temperature, a 1.5% microalgae-derived catalyst, and a 9:1 methanol to microalgae ratio. FTIR functional group analysis identifies hydroxyl (O-H) groups from crude glycerol bound to calcium at 3345.71 cm−1, along with C-H group vibrations from crude glycerol bound to calcium at 2941.80 cm−1. SEM morphological analysis reveals aggregate formation on the calcium glyceroxide catalyst, indicating potential active sites. Utilizing the calcium glyceroxide catalyst for methyl ester synthesis yields a promising 62.42% yield. GC characterization demonstrates a methyl ester purity of 72.09%, with methyl palmitate as the predominant component at 30.927%. This study underscores the efficient use of the synthesized calcium glyceroxide catalyst for microalgae-based methyl ester production, showcasing its potential for sustainable biodiesel synthesis.
Investigating factors influencing poverty with financial literacy and inclusion as mediating variable
Authors: Liswanda S , Oktavia R , Zuhra R
Published: July 2024

This study looked at how financial inclusion and literacy, as a mediation variable, affected the relationship between education, employment, and e-commerce and poverty in Indonesia. Reflective indicators and factor schemes were used in the analysis, which employed the Partial Least Square (PLS) method of structural equation modeling (SEM). Four significant indicators relate to education, two to employment, two to e-commerce, six to poverty, and two to financial inclusion and literacy. The findings indicated that employment and education had a significant negative impact on poverty. On the other hand, e-commerce, financial literacy, and inclusion factors have a positive and significant effects on poverty. Financial literacy and inclusion are not considerably influenced by education, but employment has a significant negative impact on these factors. E-commerce also has a negative impact on these factors.