bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Index and Breeding Efficiency of Red Chittagong Cattle in Bangladesh
Authors: Ruhul Amin M. , A.K.F.H Bhuiyan , M.A Habib Habib , M.A.S Khan
Published: August 2021

The study was aimed to observe reproductive pattern and efficiency of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) including reproductive history taken from two different herds; nucleus herd (on-station) and community herd (on-farm) in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. A total of 184 calving parity records from 66 RCC cows that included 317 estrous, 164 conception and 178 calving history covering a period from 2005 to 2011 were considered for analyses. The highest frequencies of estrous, conception and calving occurred in May (13%, 15% and 14%, respectively), while the lowest in September for estrous (4%) and conception (4%) and April and June for calving (5%). The month of the year had significant (p<0.001 to p<0.05) effect on both estrous and calving but not for conception (p>0.05). There was no significant effect of season with estrous or conception or calving, but numerically highest incidence of estrous and conception in summer (36% and 38%, respectively) and calving in winter (36%) are noted. The seasonal indexes of calving in the on-station and on-farm herds were 0.73 and 0.78 respectively, with an overall mean of 0.68. The breeding or reproductive efficiency of the nucleus herd was estimated based on calving interval and age at first calving along with calving interval and the calculated results were 79 % and 82%, respectively for those two methods of estimation. The result obtained in this study indicates the reproductive behavior of RCC did not differ significantly by season, but varied with month of the year. In addition, reproductive efficiency of RCC in this study was slightly lower than that of expected.
Molecular Detection of Cellular Prion Protein in Brain Tissues of Black Bengal Goats in Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Nasrin , Khan Mohd Zahirul Islam , Choudhury Emdadul Haque , Islam Md Rafiqul
Published: August 2021

The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein mainlypresent in the central nervous system which is necessary for the establishmentand further evolution of prion disease in human and animals. The aim of thepresent study was to investigate the PrPC protein in brain tissues of black Bengalgoat. Fifteen brain tissues were collected from different slaughter houses ofthree districts (Mymensingh, Manikgonj and Netrokona) of Bangladesh duringJanuary to February, 2011. The PrPC protein was detected in the brain tissuesof black Bengal goats using polymerase chain reaction. The result showed allpositive (100%) of the amplified samples. The standardized PCR could be usedfor detection of PrPC protein in different tissues of animals and humans.Sequencing of PrP gene in the black Bengal goats for the risk assessment ofscrapie is needed for further study. To our knowledge, detection of PrPC proteinin the brain tissues of indigenous goats is the first time in Bangladesh.
Mode of Slope Failure of Moderately to Completely Weathered Metasedimentary Rock at Bukit Panji, Chendering, Kuala Terengganu
Authors: Hussin Hamzah , Jamaluddin Tajul Anuar , Deraman Muhammad Fadzli
Published: August 2021

Geology of Bukit Panji, Chendering, Kuala Teregganu consists of interbededmetasedimentary rocks (slate, phyllite and schists with minor quartzite) which haveexperience regional metamorphism. The age of this rock is Carboniferous. A development project which under construction in Bukit Panji, Kuala Terengganu hasenabled a landslide assessment to observe the modes of failure in moderately tocompletely weathered metasedimentary rock. Development on hillsides caused manyslope had to be cut to provide space for the infrastructure construction. From assessment analysis, a total of 21 cases of landslide failure occurred involving 17 cut slopes, and 4 cut-fill slopes. The most common type of failures is gully failures, with 9 cases represent 43% of all the observed slope failure. This was followed by 6 wedge failures, two planar and rock fall failures and one shallow sliding and toppling respectively. Cut slope failure involving moderate weathered rock mass (grade III) to the residual soil (grade VI). Relict structure was identified as the main factors controlling the failure, as well as water, natural slope-forming materials and the use of appropriate slope stabilization.
Behaviour of Captive Ostriches (Struthio camelus) at Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Bachok Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Hambali Kamarul , Zakaria Nadia , Fauzi Norashikin , Amir Aaina
Published: August 2021

The behavioural patterns of six captive ostriches (Struthio camelus) werestudied at Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Bachok Campus between July andSeptember 2014. The main purpose of the study was to determine thebehavioural patterns of ostriches in captivity to provide the useful informationfor better management action. The ostriches were observed daily for 11 hoursfrom 0700 hrs until 1800 hrs for 45 days by using the focal sampling technique.Six categories of behavioural patterns were observed namely resting,locomotion, ingestive, comfort, aggression and thermoregulation. The highestbehaviour observed was walking compared to other behaviours, while thelowest was running. The result of the study showed a significant difference ofbehavioural patterns of captive ostriches between different observationalperiods except for locomotion and aggression behaviours. The finding of thestudy showed that ostriches reared in captivity possessed similar behaviouralpatterns to those remaining in the wild, although some captive circumstancesimposed minor differences.
The Need for Teaching Undergraduate Students the Pesticides Label Contents In Faculties of Agriculture
Authors: Pimid Marcela , Thevan Kumara
Published: August 2021

Pesticides labels contain specific information that is of interest at various pesticide handling stages. In current study, 14 students from Faculty of Agro Based Industry, University Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia were assessed on their ability to understand the content of 14 pesticides product labels. The results of this study indicate that students were able to retrieve information such as hazard class, manufacturer and signal word with accuracy of 97.5 %, 98.7 % and 86.2 % without any formal training, respectively. Meanwhile, the worst performances of students were in retrieving information of the type of formulation from the pesticide product label which, only 4 responses (5 %) were accurate.
Role of Satoyama Forest towards Sustainability: Contributing to Carbon Stock in Japan
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Nizam , Fujieda Juri
Published: August 2021

This study investigated the potentials of Satoyama forests to contribute in increasingcarbon stock by inclusion of controlled biomass harvesting in the forms of thinning and pruning under a planned forest management intervention. A Satoyama forest named Oaota in Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan was selected for the study. We calculated present carbon stock of the forest by using sample data from four quadratic plots (two in each site) from which we measured the diameter and height of trees including the diameter and length of branches. Five conical shaped leaf traps were used to measure the amount of leaf biomass production in a year. Soil organic carbon was analyzed by NC analyzer for 0-30 cm depth of soil. The study revealed that the Oaota forest contributed to carbon capture in the forms of 158.7 tC/ha (80.95 tC/ha for soil, 76.19 tC/ha for wood and 1.63 tC/ha/y for leaves). Soil carbon accumulation was not considered in this study. The results indicated that by harvesting planned amount of biomass to consume as a zero-emission renewable fuel alternative to replace high carbon emission fuels may help reduction in carbon releases and enhances the carbon capture performace as well as revitalization of Satoyama forests.
Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance of Bacteria Isolated from Diseased Mud Crab (Scylla serrata)
Authors: M Z. Cik Syahrizawati , M. Ikhwanuddin , W. Wendy , AK Zulhisyam , SW Lee
Published: August 2021

A total of 320 bacteria isolated from marketable size and diseased mud crab (Scylla serrata) at a commercial farm. The isolated bacteria were Aeromonas spp. n = 70, Edwardsiella tarda n = 50, Vibrio alginolyticus n = 40, Vibrio parahaemolyticus n = 20, Salmonella spp. n = 70 and Klebsiella spp. n = 70. All the bacterial isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility against 16 types of antibiotics by using disk diffusion method. The antibiotics tested in this study were nalidixic acid (30 ?g/disk), oxolinic acid (2 ?g/disk), compound sulphonamides (300 ?g/disk), doxycycline (30 ?g/disk), tetracycline (30 ?g/disk), novobiocin (30 ?g/disk), chloramphenicol (30 ?g/disk), kanamycin (30 ?g/disk), sulphamethoxazole (25 ?g/disk), flumequine (30 ?g/disk), erythromycin (15 ?g/disk), ampicillin (10 ?g/disk), spiramycin (100 ?g/disk), oxytetracycline (30 ?g/disk), amoxycillin (25 ?g/disk) and fosfomycin (50 ?g/disk). Heavy metal resistance pattern of the present bacterial isolates was also characterized against mercury (Hg2+), chromium (Cr6+), copper (Cu2+), and Zinc (Zn2+) by using two fold agar dilution method. The percentage of antibiotic sensitivity of the present bacterial isolates was ranged from 12.5 % to 100 % in which most of the present bacteria isolates were not sensitive to ampicillin whereas all the bacteria isolates were sensitive to nalidixic acid, flumequine and oxytetracycline. Overall, the total of antibiotic sensitive case was reported as 72.7% whereas antibiotic resistance and intermediate sensitive case was recorded as 19.7% and 7.4 %, respectively. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) values were range of 0.03 to 0.29 in which Aeromonas spp (0.29) showed the highest value of MAR. This was followed by Salmonella spp. (0.21) and Klebsiella spp. (0.21), Edwardsiella tarda (0.20), Vibrio alginolyticus (0.09) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (0.03). The MAR value indicated that the commercial S. serrata were not contaminated to the test antibiotics. Furthermore, low resistance activity of the present bacterial isolates to the tested heavy metals (Cr6+: 20.7 % to 30.8 %, Zn2+: 0 % to 40 %, Cu2+: 18.8 % to 25 % and Hg2+: 30 % to 33.3 %) was observed.
Nutritional Composition and Trace Elements Contents of Unfermented and Fermented Clinacanthus nutans L. Herbal Tea
Authors: Moses Lusia Barek , Abd Aziz Zaleha , Mamat Hasmadi , Abu Bakar Mohd. Fadzelly
Published: August 2021

Clinacanthus nutans L. (locally known as ‘Sabah Snake Grass’) has been used traditionally to treat chronic diseases. However, there is insufficient information regarding the nutritional quality of the herbal. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional properties and trace elements contents of unfermented and fermented herbal teas developed from C. nutans leaves using different drying techniques (microwave- oven dried and freeze dried) in different infusion time (1, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min). The proximate analysis were conducted according to AOAC’s standard methods, while, the colorimetric color of infusions were determined using HunterLab Color Meter. The trace elements in infusions were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrophotometric (ICP-OES) analysis. Among the C. nutans herbal teas, the freeze dried of unfermented herbal tea showed high ash (12.39 ± 0.39%) and fat (2.23 ± 0.10%) content, while, protein content was showed high in freeze dried of fermented herbal tea (23.15 ± 0.51%). Carbohydrate content was showed high in microwave-oven dried of unfermented herbal tea (63.40 ± 0.53%) with 3026.24 ± 28.23 kcal/kg of Metabolizable Energy (ME). For color infusion determination, C. nutans herbal teas displayed no significant difference (P >0.05) in color darkness as compared to commercial teas (L: 3.63 to 5.77). There were no significant differences between unfermented and fermented C. nutans herbal tea for its greenish (a: -2.69 to -1.20) and yellowish (b: 3.45 to 5.59) color infusion. Sixteen elements (Al, Ba, Be, Ca, Fe, In, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Zn, Se, Sr, Tl and Si) were detected in the C. nutans and commercial dried leaves. Potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) were higher in C. nutans herbal infusions as compared to commercial teas infusions. Consumption of these herbal teas as dietary intake is able to overcome nutrients and minerals deficiency.
Influence of CaO and CuO on Barium Zinc Tantalate (BZT) Dielectric Properties
Authors: Jaafar Hidayani , Mhd Ramle Sitti Fatimah , Sulaiman Muhammad Azwadi , Aminuddin Nurul Nadia
Published: August 2021

The structure and dielectric properties of Barium Zinc Tantalate (BZT) doped by copper oxide (CuO) and calcium oxide (CaO) with a variety of values of mol% doping from 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.5 were prepared using a solid state method. A small amount of doping elements increased the relative density. The dielectric constant (?r) value of the BZT significantly improved with the addition of the CuO and CaO for the specimens sintered at 1250°C and it could be explained by the increase of the relative density. The tan ? of the CuO and CaO doped with BZT ceramics is lower than pure BZT ceramics, and decreases as the CuO and CaO content increases. Minimum return loss (dB) shown that the best results are produced when it is doped with 0.25 mol% CaO and 0.5 mol% for CuO sintered at 1250°C.
Ecotourism, Income Generation and Poverty Reduction: A Case of Kuala Tahan National Park (KTNP), Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: A. Mukrimah , M. Mohd Parid , M. Motoe , HF Lim
Published: August 2021

Ecotourism is one strategy for supporting conservation, generating income, and creating employment for communities living around protected areas. In Malaysia, the management of national parks (protected areas) focuses on the planning and implementation of various activities which contribute to the long-term conservation of the areas while mitigating or reducing conflicts between human and the environment. The issue is whether ecotourism development helps to improve income and reduce rural poverty. A case study was conducted in 2014 where 158 Malay households from Kampung Kuala Tahan were interviewed. Villagers engaged in economic activities related to ecotourism development in Kuala Tahan National Park (KTNP) area (2,477 sq. km) directly and indirectly. The result shows the average monthly household income of this village was RM4, 035. On the whole, about 90% of the average monthly household income was cash income while 10% income in kind. The income sources of villagers were from those within the state land forest areas (related to NTFP harvesting), and outside KTNP (related to forestry and ecotourism). Income generated outside KTNP(related to forestry and ecotourism) area was significantly high compared to those within state land forest and outside KTNP (non-forestry). On average, about RM1, 895 or 47% of the average monthly household income was generated from the ecotourism related activities and forest area. The highest percentage of cash income was from villagers’ engagement as tour guides. Income generated from this source accounted for 13% of household income. Ecotourism related retail stores or restaurant operators also significantly contributed to the average monthly household income at 10%. The incidence of poverty among the households in the village was 4% in 2014 compared to 3.4% among rural Malaysian households in 2012. The findings in this study showed that the income received from forestry related activities and ecotourism is important in reducing poverty among local households.
In vitro shoot regeneration of Mas Cotek (Ficus deltoidea Jack) A valuable Malay Medicinal Plant
Authors: Abdullah Ripain Ilfah Husna , Vikram Paritala , Kayat Fatimah , Susanto Dwi , Aurifullah Mohammed
Published: August 2021

Mas Cotek (Ficus deltoidea) is one of the famous Malay medicinal plants and it is categorized as a priority herb under Entry Point Project 1 (EPP1) of National Key Economic Area (NKEA) Agriculture. Different parts of the plant had been used traditionally to treat various ailments. Due to over-exploitation, the population of many medicinal plants in the nature including Mas Cotek is decreasing day by day. This causes a big challenge to the pharmaceutical and herbal industries as they will run out of the source of plant material to support the demand from the consumers. Hence the present study aims to produce a protocol on shoot regeneration of Mas Cotek by using plant tissue culture. Mature nodes of the plant were aseptically cultured onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators like 1.0-3.0 mg/l Kinetin, 1.0-3.0 mg/l BAP, 1.0-3.0 mg/l Kinetin+0.5-1.5 mg/l NAA and 1.0-3.0 mg/l BAP+0.5-1.5 mg/l NAA. 3.0 mg/l BAP wasthe best medium for shoot regeneration of Mas Cotek as it can produce more shoots eitherwhen used singly or in combination with NAA respectively. For the fastest shoot regeneration, MS media with 1.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA was more favourable since it can produce shoot within 4 weeks. The protocols developed under this study are highly useful for the mass clonal propagation of Mas Cotek as well as to conserve this valuable medicinal plant for future use.
Allometric Equations for Estimating the Carbon Sequestration in Rubber Plantations
Authors: Engku Ariff Engku Azlin Rahayu , Suratman Mohd Nazip , Abdullah Shamsiah
Published: August 2021

Deforestation occurs due to agriculture and agroforestry. Since it can alter the whole ecosystem and can change regional and global climate, Malaysia is one of the membersof United Nation Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) which applies Kyoto protocol to curb this problem. Despite the large number of studies on rubber plantation, only a few studies focus on the development of allometric equation for estimating carbon sequestration for rubber plantation in Malaysia. This research studies the correlation of carbon sequestration and plant physiology of rubber trees using non-destructive sampling. In this research, the data were collected from rubber plantations in Selangor. The rubber trees chosen were in the range between 1 to 28 years old. The number of trees sampled in this research was 150 for each selected age (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 23 and 28 years) totalling 2100 trees. Allometric equation of this research was developed by using carbon sequestration as a response variable (Y) and 8 of the chosen predictor variables, which are diameter at breast height (DBH), height (HT), chlorophyll content (CC), stomatal conductance (SC), photosynthesis (PN), transpiration (TRPT), leaf area index (LAI) and age (AG). Based on the statistical indicators, the most suitable model is ln(Y) = c + aln(DBH) + bln(HT) + cln(AG). This model is highly reliable for its accuracy in measurement for forest managers to estimate carbon sequestration in rubber trees. Therefore, the research findings can be extrapolated accurately for managing secondary forests related to carbon balance. As for the additional explanatory variables such as CC, SC, PN, TRPT and LAI they do not fit the indicators’ goodness of fit for the equation. The research findings complement the previous research as well as the methodology of the Good Practice Guidance for Land Use and Land Use Change and Forestry (GPG-LULUCF).
Effectiveness of 2-D Resistivity Survey to Identify Lineament (Fault) from Photolineament Interpretation – Case Study at Kampung Dato’ Mufti, Ampang, Selangor
Authors: Hussin Hamzah , Ariffin Mohd Hariri , Sulaiman Mohd Amir Asyraf , Fauzi Nurhazren
Published: August 2021

Lineaments play an important role in the stability of structures such as slopes, foundations, dams and buildings. Identification of the presence of lineament is important especially at planning and construction stage to enable mitigation measures/controls can selected earlier. The combined techniques of satellite image downloaded from Google Earth interpretation and electrical resistivity survey can assist in the identification and verification process of lineament structures. In this study, interpretation of lineament was done using satellite images Google Earth in the laboratory. Orientation and position of every lineament was determined accurately in the field. Electrical resistivity survey was conducted using Wanner configuration that cross the lineament in the field. The electrical resistivity results showed the presence of lineament structural in the pseudo section and prove the effectiveness of combination of both techniques to detect and confirm the presence of structural lineament.
Phytochemical and Antioxidant Potential of Four Traditional Malaysian Medicinal Plants
Authors: N.A Norfarizan-Hanoon , H Nurraihana , A Hasmah , W.I. Wan Rosli
Published: August 2021

Phytochemicals and antioxidants can be found at different levels in medicinal plants that are associated with the use in chronic diseases treatment. The objective of the present study was to investigate the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of Albizia myriophylla, Garcinia opaca var. dumosa, Oxalis barrelieri and Tacca cristata, traditional medicinal plants used in healthcare by aborigines or 'Orang Asli' from Kelantan, Malaysia. The total antioxidant capacity was estimated by ABTS (2,2’ azinobis-(3-ethybenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) and FRAP assay. The results showed that the four selected plants had significant differences in their total phenolic content (ranging from 45.92 ± 2.01 to 613.37 ± 8.92 mg GAE/g dry weight), in their total flavonoid content (ranging from 6.03 ± 1.03 to 19.29 ± 2.90 mg CE/g dry weight), in their tannins (ranging from 28.23 ± 7.39 to 64.99 ± 7.27 mg TAE/g dry weight), in their alkaloids (ranging from 0.40 to 3.27%) and in their saponins (ranging from 4.31 to 13.15%). The TEAC values of the extracts ranged from 112.12 ± 3.16 to 237.20 ± 1.55 µmol Trolox/g dry weight, from 8.38 ± 2.09 to 219.36 ± 23.48 µmol Trolox/g dry weight and from 136.83 ± 5.24 to 220.93 ± 48.71 µmol Trolox/g dry weight, for ABTS, DPPH and FRAP respectively. TEAC values determined by ABTS, DPPH and FRAP were well correlated with phenolics, flavonoids and tannins contents. Garcinia opaca demonstrated the highest total phenolics and tannins while Oxalis barrelieri showed the highest total flavonoid and alkaloid compared to other plants studied. Garcinia opaca also had shown the highest antioxidant potential, followed by Oxalis barrelieri. This study had shown that Garcinia opaca var. dumosa and Oxalis barrelieri can be promoted as the source of phenolics antioxidant and radical scavengers.
Investigation of Relationship between Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and Meteorological Parameters at Roadside Area of First Penang Bridge
Authors: Yusoff Mahani , Mat Shukri Muhammad Arieff , Awang Norrimi Rosaida , Jani Musfiroh , Ab Kadir Zairah , Selvam Bawani , Sulaiman Muhammad Azwadi , Abdus Salam Mohammed
Published: August 2021

The present study was focusing to characterize the particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) at the roadside of First Penang Bridge and the associated meteorological parameters influence such as precipitation, temperature, and relative humidity. The study was conducted by focusing on the roadside area of First Penang Bridge (N05°21.375’; E100°23.584’). A total of 12 samples thrice per month for each particulate matter size were collected starting from June 2015 to September 2015. Meteorological data were obtained from the Meteorological Department of Penang on a daily basis and 24-hours averages. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted in characterizing the relationship between particulate matter concentrations and the target meteorological parameters. Results showed that PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations ranged between 18.06 – 79.51 ?g/m3 and 22.38 – 130.90 ?g/m3 with the overall mean concentration of 39.35 ?g/m3 for PM2.5 and 45.24 ?g/m3 for PM10. For the PM2.5, weak negative correlation was obtained between PM and precipitation (r = -0.462), strong negative correlation with relative humidity (r = -0.799) and weak positive correlation between temperature (r = 0.456). PM10 showed weak negative correlation between PM with temperature (r = -0.061) and precipitation (r = -0.022), and strong positive correlation between PM and relative humidity (r = 0.130).
Environmental Performance and Stakeholders’ Pressure Against the Small Batik Enterprises in Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Yaacob Mohd Rafi , Ismail Mohammad , Zakaria Mohd Nazri , Mat Zin Nur Faizah , Abdul Rahim Mohammad Nizamuddin
Published: August 2021

The aims of this paper are to investigate environmental performance as well as stakeholders’ pressure against Batik enterprises in Kelantan. Based on the survey of 36 small Batik entrepreneurs, only 5 enterprises (13.5%) achieved high environmental performance and the rest (86.5%) were categorised as low environmental performance enterprises. These findings come as no surprise because the majority of Batik enterprises perceived low pressure from stakeholders, including regulatory pressure which usually exerts high pressure on businesses in other industries in Malaysia and other countries. The conclusion of this study is instructive, demanding the players in the industry to be environmentally proactive; however, this does not come easily unless they will be rewarded as being environmentally friendly and will pay heavy consequences of not being so.
Identification of Cation Elements in PM10 Concentration in Industrial Area of Penang
Authors: Yusoff Mahani , Sulaiman Muhammad Azwadi , Ab Kadir Zairah , Awang Norrimi Rosaida , Jani Musfiroh , Arieff Muhammad , Bawani Selvam , Abdus Salam Mohammed
Published: August 2021

This study aims to investigate the concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 micron (PM10) and their associated cation elements in PM10. The sample of PM10 was collected at Royal Malaysian Customs Department (N5° 22’ 012”; E100° 23’589”) located in Perai Industrial Area, Penang, from June to September 2015. The sampling was carried out during the southwest monsoon and a total of 12 samples were collected using a low volume sampler (LVS). Results suggested that there are five elements that are commonly identified from PM sampled which are ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The concentrations of the cation from all four months in the industrial area shows the order of NH4 + > Ca+ > K+ > Mg2+ > Na+ . The lowest and highest concentrations calculated both were ammonium (0.012 ?g/m3) in July and (0.873 ?g/m3) September, respectively.
Determination of Condition Factor (CF) and Hepatosomatic Index (HSI) of Barbonymus schwanenfeldii from Galas River, Kelantan
Authors: Sabarudin Norsakinah , Idris Nor Shahirul Umirah , Abdul Halim Nurul Syazana
Published: August 2021

The rapid growth of agriculture and industrial activities has resulted in decreasing of water quality in the aquatic ecosystem, which is significantly hazardous for fish health. Fish are commonly situated at the top of aquatic food chain is known to be nutritious with essential proteins. The purpose of this study is to determine the condition factor and hepatosomatic index of Barbonymus schwanenfeldii from Galas River, Kelantan. The sizes of slaughtered fish ranging from 319 ± 0.05 to 456 ± 1.32 g in weight while 28 ± 0.34 to 36 ± 1.42 cm in total length. From a sample size of 40 specimens, the average of K value was 1.15 ± 0.21 and 2.31 ± 0.13 of HSI value. Thus, the results revealed that the fish species was in a poor condition. Refer to the matter; the condition of study area is not suitable for fish habitat. Condition factor of fishes is important biological parameter which can provides information on fish well-being. The condition factor and hepatosomatic index compares the well-being of a fish is based on the hypothesis that heavier fish of a given length are in a better condition.
Stability Analysis of Binary Solvent Mixtures for Herbal Phytochemical Extraction
Authors: Mohammad Azmin Siti Nuurul Huda , Yunus Nor Alafiza , Wan Alwi Sharifah Rafidah , Mat Nor Mohd Shukri
Published: August 2021

Most of the extraction processes of herbal phytochemicals use solvent mixtures as a phytochemical transfer mediums. It is very important to predict the stability of solvent mixtures before it is used to extract herbal phytochemicals. In order to prevent any disturbance in the herbal extraction, the solvent mixtures must be in a single liquid phase (miscible to each other). In this study, the stabilities of five binary solvents (methanol-water, methanol-ethyl acetate, methanol-acetic acid, methanol-n-propionaldehyde, and methanol-isobutyraldehyde mixtures) that could be used in the current extraction processes are evaluated. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate these binary solvents in terms of their stability using Gibbs energy of mixing. The value of the function ?Gmix/RT is calculated for each solvent mixture. Then, the graph for ?Gmix/RT versus solvent molar fraction x is plotted. From this plot and the value of function ?Gmix/RT, it can be concluded whether the solvent mixtures are stable or unstable. From the analysis, all five binary mixtures are stable within the selected molar fraction making all mixtures are suitable to be applied in herbal extraction.
Isolation of Potential Biosurfactant Producer from Oil Contaminated Soil and Water
Authors: Abdul Rahim Ainihayati , Wan Azmi Wan Nurul Hakimah , Ibrahim Noor Azlina , Wan Mohamad Safari Wan Nurul Iffan Sofea , Abdul Kadir Pahirul Zaman Khomaizon
Published: August 2021

Biosurfactants are extracellular macromolecules produced by bacteria, yeast, and fungi when grown on different carbon sources. It has the ability to reduce the surface tension of a liquid, interfacial tensions between two liquids and between a liquid and a solid. This study was conducted to isolate potential biosurfactant producers from oil-contaminated soil and water. Soil and water samples were obtained from the food court area in front of Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus. Isolation of biosurfactant producing bacteria was carried out on minimal salt medium (MSM) supplemented with palm oil as the sole carbon source. Five potential biosurfactant producers; WS2, WS4, WS5, SS2 and SS5 were successfully isolated and identified by 16S rRNA analysis. Isolate WS4, SS2 and SS5 showed the highest similarity to Klebsiella sp and the other two isolates, WS2 and SS5 showed the highest similarity to Pseudomonas sp. and Nanobacterium sp. respectively. While Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were reported as prevalent biosurfactant producer, no report is available on the production of biosurfactants by Nanobacterium sp. All isolates showed variation in biosurfactant characterization assays which are emulsification test, drop collapse test, oil spreading test, blood haemolysis and blue agar plate assay.
Land Use and Land Cover Detection by Different Classification Systems using Remotely Sensed Data of Kuala Tiga, Tanah Merah Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Udin Wani Sofia , Zahuri Zuhaira Nadhila
Published: August 2021

Land use and land cover classification system has been used widely in many applications such as for baseline mapping for Geographic Information System (GIS) input and also target identification for identification of roads, clearings and also land and water interface. The research was conducted in Kuala Tiga, Tanah Merah, Kelantan and the study area covering about 25 km2. The main purpose of this research is to access the possibilities of using remote sensing for the detection of regional land-use change by developing a land cover classification system. Another goal is to compare the accuracy of supervised and unsupervised classification systems by using remote sensing. In this research, both supervised and unsupervised classifications were tested on satellite images of Landsat 7 and 8 in the years 2001 and 2016. As for supervised classification, the satellite images are combined and classified. Information and data from the field and land cover classification are utilized to identify training areas that represent land cover classes. Then, for unsupervised classification, the satellite images are combined and classified by means of unsupervised classification by using an Iterative Self- Organizing Data Analysis Techniques (ISODATA) algorithm. Information and data from the field and land cover classification are utilized to assign the resulting spectral classes to the land cover classes. This research was then comparing the accuracy of two classification systems at dividing the landscape into five classes; built-up land, agricultural land, bare soil, forest land, water bodies. Overall accuracies for unsupervised classification are 36.34 % for 2016 and 51.76% for 2001 while for supervised classification, accuracy assessments are 95.59 % for 2016 and 96.29 % for 2001.
Resumption of postpartum ovarian cyclicity in winter-lambing Lohi sheep (Ovis aries)
Authors: Muhammad Shahzad , Kausar Rehana , Hussain Mujahid
Published: August 2021

The postpartum ovarian cyclicity which is associated with uterine involution has significant importance in fertility of sheep. The study was conducted to estimate the postpartum resumption of ovarian cyclicity in Lohi sheep during winter lambing season. Twelve pregnant ewes were selected. The commencement of ovarian cyclicity was investigated in postpartum ewes by estimating progesterone (P4) concentration in blood samples collected on weekly intervals starting from day of parturition till 12th week of postpartum. On the day of parturition, mean P4 concentration was 0.38 ± 0.08 ng / mL. After that, P4 level raised to 0.70 ± 0.13 and 0.83 ± 0.13 ng / mL during 1st and 2nd weeks respectively. During 3rd week, P4 concentration was 1.02 ± 0.18 ng / mL (ovulation). The peak P4 level during first estrous cycle was 3.02 ± 0.8 ng / mL and detected on 5th week. Second ovulation was observed during 6th week and again peak P4 concentration of 2nd cycle was found as 2.5 ± 0.64 ng / mL on 7th week. Based upon the hormonal profile, it was concluded that postpartum ovarian cyclicity resumed on 3rd week of postpartum in winter lambed Lohi sheep.
Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from different plant parts of Curcuma mangga Valeton and Zijp
Authors: Abdul Rahman Kharul Azmi Muazzam , Ibrahim Darah
Published: August 2021

The endophytic fungi isolated from different plant parts including leaf, stem and rhizome of Curcuma mangga were screened for antimicrobial activity by employing agar plug diffusion assay and disc diffusion assay for primary screening and secondary screening, respectively. A total of 127 endophytic fungi that were successfully isolated from various plant parts were cultured to examine their antimicrobial activities. Qualitative screening using agar plug diffusion assay revealed that 118 isolates (92.9%) showed antimicrobial activity against at least on one test microorganisms and suggested that the rhizome part exhibited the highest percentage of antiyeast (58.3%) and antifungal (91.7%) activities compared to leaf and stem parts. Quantitative screening using disc diffusion assay indicated that ethyl acetate extract from fermentative broth (extracellular compound) demonstrated better antimicrobial activity compared to methanol extract derived from fungal biomass (intracellular compound) against all the four classes of pathogenic microorganisms tested (Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, yeast and fungi). The future of endophytic fungus study is very promising as it possesses hidden potential to be developed as natural antimicrobial agent.
Effect of wood vinegar and rice husk biochar on soil properties and growth performances of immature kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) planted on BRIS soil
Authors: Jusoh Mohd Fauzie Jusoh , Xin Lai Jai , Ywih Ch'ng Huck , Abdullah Palsan Sannasi , Radzi Noraida Mohd , Zainol Abidin Mohd  Ashraf , Abdul Muttalib Muhammad Firdaus
Published: August 2021

Beach ridges interspersed with swales (BRIS) soil is identified as one of Malaysia's problematic soil since this type of soil contains a plethora portion of sand texture that contributes to water and nutrient leaching causes infertile soil. A polybag trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of wood vinegar and rice husk biochar on soil properties and growth performances of immature kenaf. The plant was arranged in a completely randomised design with four treatments and three replications. The factors taken for the experiment were four different media compositions, i.e., T1(control), T2(BRIS soil amended with wood vinegar, WV), T3(BRIS soil amended with rice husk biochar, RHB) and T4(BRIS soil amended with wood vinegar and rice husk biochar, WV+RHB). Rice husk biochar and a combination of wood vinegar with rice husk biochar significantly improved soil properties in terms of soil moisture content, organic matter, water retention and soil porosity, as well as significantly increased the kenaf stem diameter. However, there was no significant difference in plant height, number of leaves, leaves area and chlorophyll content on different treatments medium. In conclusion, the application of rice husk biochar and wood vinegar in this study enhanced BRIS soil properties and showed a positive effect on the growth of immature kenaf.
Alkaline pre-treatment of rice hull and coconut hull using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Ying Lee, R. , Muhammad Al-Amsyar S. , Dini Rusli N. , Rahman Mohammad M. , Harun Hasnita C. , K. Mat
Published: August 2021

In this research, the rice hull and coconut hull from agriculture waste were investigated. The lignin content within the rice and coconut hull were determined before and after pre-treatment. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) used to predict the optimal condition for the treatments and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) to identify the lignin content. The interaction of NaOH concentration, contact time (CT), and sample weight was investigated to optimize the lignin removal percentage (%). The correlation coefficient, R2 for a quadratic model of rice hull lignin removal was 0.8863 while for coconut hull lignin removal in the linear model was 0.7998, as well as the 2FI model was 0.8892. The optimum condition for rice hull lignin removal predicted by RSM were10 M NaOH concentration, 1-hour CT and 0.5 g sample produced 32.45% lignin removal. While for coconut hull lignin removal were 10 M NaOH concentration, 12 hours CT, 0.5 g sample produced 59.47% removal of lignin. Results show that alkaline pre-treated rice hull and coconut hull able to be used to remove higher percentage of lignin.
Islamic Instruments
Authors: Souleymane Sidibe
Published: August 2021

Islamic Instruments Abstract The purpose of this article is to describe the status of Islamic instruments, to track their origin, their advantages and their types by explicating the developments that took place in this area. It shows that Islamic instruments are documents of equal value that represent common shares in the ownership of objects, benefits or services in the assets of a particular enterprise or investment activity after the collection of the value of the instruments and the closure of the subscription and the commencement of their use while issuing them. There are several types of Islamic instruments such as agricultural instruments, industry instruments, instruments of peace, instruments of tenancy, instruments of participation and instruments of speculation. Keywords: Islamic instruments, tenancy instruments, participatory instruments, speculative instruments
Industrial Sector output and Its Relationship with Government Expenditure, Credit, and Foreign Aid in Nepal
Authors: Dahal Arjun Kumar , Khatiwada Bijayahari
Published: August 2021

The study's goal is to look into the state, long-run relationship, and casual link of government spending, commercial bank lending, and foreign aid to Nepal's industrial sector output. The research design for this study is descriptive and analytical. The secondary data are processed using Excel and EViews10 software from 1989/90 to 2018/19. The Johnsen Co-integration test and Granger Causality test describe and analyze the relation and causal impact of variables. The credit of commercial banks highly influences industrial output. The industrial sector output, government expenditure, loans, and foreign aid were Co-integrated or had long-run association ship. This paper contributes to the policy debate on whether government expenditure and foreign support to the industrial sector are justified or not. The author is unaware of another study, finding, and location related to industrial output and its affecting factors like government expenditure, loans, and foreign aid.
ANÁLISIS DEL NIVEL DE PLAGIO DE LOS RESULTADOS DE LOS EXÁMENES ONLINE Y SU CORRELACIÓN CON LOS TRABAJOS DE TITULACION DE PREGRADO
Authors: Flores Hinostroza Elizeth Mayrene , Mendoza Velazco Derling Jose , Castillo Pinos Karina Maribel , Gonzalez Sanchez Jenny Fabiola
Published: August 2021

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi revelar o nível de fraude acadêmica na forma de semelhança e sua correlação com os exames on-line e os trabalhos de graduação on-line na Universidad UTE del Ecuador. O estudo se enquadra no paradigma da pesquisa quantitativa. Uma técnica de análise correlacional foi utilizada com um simples teste de regressão. A amostra foi determinada pela técnica de amostragem proposital, com a participação de 101 estudantes do programa de Educação Básica do 9º semestre da Universidade UTE, durante os ciclos acadêmicos B-2019-2020 e B-2020-2021. Os níveis de similaridade foram testados usando o software Turnitin. A pesquisa constatou que o nível de plágio foi de 38,44%, com fontes na Internet 36,42%, publicação 7,25% e trabalhos estudantis 25,38%. Enquanto isso, nos trabalhos de graduação final, foi revelado que a taxa de similaridade foi de 31,53%, fonte da Internet 29,54%, publicação 7,79% e trabalhos estudantis 25,47%. Pode-se concluir que, cronologicamente, de 2020 a 2021, os níveis de plágio em artigos e publicações estudantis aumentaram em 10%. A paráfrase foi a técnica de plágio mais utilizada entre os estudantes entre 2020 e 2021, enquanto a cópia e a colagem, que leva à correspondência exata com as fontes on-line existentes, experimentou um aumento acentuado durante a pandemia da COVID-19.
POTENCIAL DAS GEOTECNOLOGIAS PARA MONITORAMENTO DO IMPACTO DA COLONIZAÇÃO NA FLORESTA NATIVA NA MICROBACIA DO RIO ENGANADO, AMAZÔNIA OCIDENTAL, BRASIL
Authors: Moreto Renan Fernandes , Mira Silvania Fernandes de , Soares Gilderlon dos Santos , Santos Júnior Nilson Reinaldo Fernandes dos , Vendruscolo Jhony , Cavalheiro Wanderson Cleiton Schmidt , Stachiw Rosalvo , Rosa Diogo Martins
Published: August 2021

A floresta amazônica é considerada a maior floresta tropical do mundo, com abundância de recursos hídricos. Apesar da grande riqueza desta região, constata-se o avanço desenfreado do desmatamento e, consequentemente, o potencial de degradação ambiental destes recursos. Em face ao exposto, o trabalho objetivou demonstrar o potencial das geotecnologias para o monitoramento da cobertura florestal na Amazônia Ocidental, usando como exemplo a microbacia do rio Enganado. A análise da microbracia foi realizada com o Índice Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI), com imagens dos Landsat 5 e Landsat 8, referentes aos anos de 1987, 1997, 2007 e 2017. A microbacia tem área total de 152,64 km2, e área de mata ciliar de 28,18 km2.  Em 30 anos o processo de colonização ocasionou desflorestamentos constantes na microbacia e na área de mata ciliar do rio Enganado, chegando a 73,23% e 70,90% no ano de 2017, respectivamente. Esse cenário denota a suscetibilidade a escassez hídrica na microbacia, pela perda de quantidade e qualidade da água, sendo recomendado medidas mitigadoras visando a recuperação das áreas de matas ciliares e a implantação se sistemas florestais e/ou agroflorestais na região.
EDUCAÇÃO 4.0 E COMO A ENFERMAGEM SE INSERE: APLICABILIDADE DAS NOVAS TECNOLOGIAS
Authors: Falcão Nogueira Leticia , Pereira dos Santos Emanuel , Blanco Andrade dos Santos Claudiane , Lúcia Freitas Vera
Published: August 2021

A presente resenha crítico-descritiva traz a análise de um paralelo entre a Educação 4.0 e a Revolução Industrial e como elas impactam no cuidar, relacionar e aprender da Enfermagem, mais ainda em se tratando de um contexto da Covid-19, onde tais mudanças ocorreram de forma tão acelerada. Tem como cerne, trazer à luz a análise da evolução industrial e como ela contribui com as mudanças na forma de aprender e ensinar, bem como, analisar as linguagens necessárias na revolução 4.0 para lecionar conteúdos de maneira predominantemente on-line. A tabela apresentada no estudo facilita a visualização dos novos usuários das tecnologias que são tão pertinentes para o aprendizado e para o trabalho, desta forma ajudamos as pessoas a inovarem cada vez mais, respeitando as características únicas em relação ao ritmo de aprendizagem do individuo.
Modalitas Deteksi Dini Penyakit Jantung Bawaan di Pelayanan Kesehatan Primer
Authors: Eva Miranda Marwali  , Yoel Purnama  , Poppy Surwianti Roebiono
Published: August 2021

Penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB) merupakan kelainan baik pada struktur jantung atau pembuluh darah besar maupun fungsi jantung yang didapat sejak masih berada dalam kandungan. PJB juga merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian pada tahun pertama kehidupan. Prevalensi kejadian PJB di seluruh dunia mencapai 9,4 per 1000 kelahiran hidup termasuk di Indonesia. Dari jumlah tersebut, sekitar 300.000 kasus dikategorikan sebagai PJB berat yang kadang membutuhkan operasi bertahap agar pasien dapat bertahan hidup. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman mengenai tanda dan gejala PJB oleh dokter umum dengan modalitas yang sederhana dan dapat digunakan dalam melakukan skrining awal PJB di daerah perifer. Deteksi dini PJB pada pelayanan kesehatan primer dapat dilakukan dengan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik dan modalitas sederhana seperti pulse oximetry, EKG, serta foto Rontgen dada secara cermat dan sistematis. Dengan deteksi dini PJB, diharapkan dapat angka morbiditas dan mortalitas PJB dapat menurun di Indonesia.
Sidik Perfusi Miokard SPECT/CT Pada Pasien Dekstrokardia Dengan Dugaan Penyakit Arteri Koroner
Authors: Erwin Affandi Soeriadi Koesoemah  , Badai Bhatara Tiksnadi  , A Hussein S Kartamihardja  , Muhammad Arifin Fahmi
Published: August 2021

Pendahuluan: Sidik perfusi miokard (SPM) merupakan prosedur pemeriksaan non-invasif untuk melihat aliran darah, viabilitas, serta kontraktilitas otot-otot jantung. SPM merupakan salah satu modalitas penting menggunakan radionuklida dalam tatalaksana penyakit jantung. Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) merupakan teknologi yang diterapkan pada pemeriksaan SPM yang dapat dikombinasikan dengan CT scan. Dekstrokardia merupakan suatu kelainan letak dan posisi jantung, yaitu jantung terletak pada hemithorak kanan yang disertai dengan gangguan perfusi.Kasus: Dilaporkan seorang wanita, usia 51 tahun, datang dengan keluhan nyeri dada kanan hilang timbul sejak 2 tahun terakhir. Nyeri dada muncul terutama pada saat beraktivitas, menjalar sampai ke punggung, dan kadang disertai sesak nafas. Pemeriksaan ekokardiografi sebelumnya menunjukkan jantung terletak di dada kanan. Pemeriksaan CT scan memberikan hasil inkonklusif. Pasien dirujuk untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan SPM atas indikasi dugaan PJK dengan dekstrokardia.Diskusi: Pasien dengan dekstrokardia memiliki risiko untuk mengalami iskemik miokard yang sama dengan pada populasi umum. Pemeriksaan SPM dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi PJK pada pasien dekstrokardia.Kesimpulan: SPM SPECT/CT dapat memberikan informasi fungsional dan membantu dalam menentukan tipe dekstrokardia pada pasien dengan kecurigaan penyakit jantung koroner.