bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Up-regulation YTHDF1 and YTHDF3 is related to the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shi Rui , Li Shao-ming , Gao Ling , Zhi Ke-qian , ren wen-hao
Published: October 2022

Background
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal modification in mammalian mRNAs. M6A is composed of methyl-transferases, which act as ("writers"), binding proteins, which act as ("readers"), and demethylases, which act as ("erasers"). As an important part of ("readers"), YTHDF1 and YTHDF3 were shown to be associated with many cancers. This paper aimed to study the expression of YTHDF1 and YTHDF3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
Methods
We detected the expression of YTHDF1 and YTHDF3 in 120 OSCC patients by immunohistochemical analysis. Statistical analysis was used to determine whether the high or low expression of these two genes was significantly associated with age, gender, histological type, clinical stage, or lymph node metastasis. The correlation curve and survival curve of the two genes were produced to evaluate the potential clinical significance.
Results
We find the expression of YTHDF1 and YTHDF3 was increased in OSCC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. The statistical analysis showed that the expression of YTHDF1 and YTHDF3 was significantly associated with the clinical stage and histological type in OSCC patients. There was also a significant correlation between the expression of YTHDF1 and YTHDF3. A high expression of YTHDF1 and YTHDF3 was related to poor patient prognosis.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that a high expression of YTHDF1 and YTHDF3 may be related to poor patient prognosis.
Barriers to Rapid Triage in Trauma Centers: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Monsef-Kasmaei Bahare , Zohrevandi Behzad , Bakerdar Fatemeh Haghshenas , Kouchakinejad-Eramsadati Leila , Khodadadi-Hassankiadeh Naema
Published: October 2022

Background Although specialized trauma care in the triage unit can significantly increase the chances of survival of the injured, the obstacles to rapid triage are still a dilemma. Identifying these barriers is quite essential for effective clinical decision-making and improving positive outcomes. Objective This study aimed to report the experiences of the physicians and nurses regarding the obstacles to rapid triage. Method A qualitative study was performed on twenty physicians and nurses working in the triage unit of Poursina Hospital in northern Iran in 2021 using semi-structured interviews. The experiences were analyzed by the content analysis method. Credibility, reliability, and validity were used for data accuracy and trustworthiness. Sampling continued until data saturation. Results A total of 5 categories and 28 subcategories were obtained including the challenges related to employees, physical resource limitations, disruptions in the processes of triage, controlling and monitoring challenges, and specific characteristics of the referred patients. Conclusion Hospital authorities need to eliminate the barriers to rapid triage of patients which are related to education, experience, training, and retraining of triage staff. Physical resources in these units should increase and the triage processes need to improve by proper leveling of the patients and creating a triage view. The lack of coordination between the pre-hospital emergency team and the triage unit should be improved. Finally, the triage staff can strengthen the therapeutic interaction with agitated patients and caregivers.
Cell quantification in digital contrast microscopy images with Convolutional Neural Networks algorithm
Authors: Ferreira Eloiza K. G. D. , Lara Daniel S. D. , Silveira Guilherme F.
Published: October 2022

High Content Screening (HCS) combines high throughput techniques with the ability to generate cellular images of biological systems. The objective of this work is to evaluate the performance of predictive models using CNN to identify the number of cells present in digital contrast microscopy images obtained by HCS. One way to evaluate the algorithm was through the Mean Squared Error metric. The MSE was 4,335.99 in the A549 cell line, 25,295.23 in the Huh7 and 36,897.03 in the 3T3. After obtaining these values, different parameters of the models were changed to verify how they behave. By reducing the number of images, the MSE increased considerably, with the A549 cell line changing to 49,973.52, Huh7 to 79,473.88 and 3T3 to 52,977.05. Correlation analyzes were performed for the different models. In lineage A549, the best model showed a positive correlation with R = 0.953. In Huh7, the best correlation of the model was R = 0.821, it was also a positive correlation. In 3T3, the models showed no correlation, with the best model having R = 0.100. The models performed well in quantifying the number of cells, and the number and quality of the images interfered with this predictive ability.
Human Herpesvirus 7 encephalitis mainfests with epileptic seizures in an immunocompetent adult and review of the literature
Authors: Li Yi , Deng Qiu Ming
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Human Herpesvirus 7(HHV-7)is a widespread double-strand DNA virus in human population that belongs to β-herpesvirinae subfamily and it replicates in CD4 + T lymphocytes. The virus has the ability of lifelong latency and easy to reactivate in immunocompromised patients(1.2). Primary HHV-7 infection regularly occurs during childhood and may mainfests several clinical symptoms, mainly fever and exanthem subitum. Furthermore, HHV-7 Encephalitis is the severely type of the infection, epileptic seizures belongs to its clinical manifestation, however there exist uncertain aspects about infection route except the past history of the infectious agent in patients. In particular, as a lymphotropic virus, it has obvious tropism for the central nervous system(CNS), but its neuropathogenesis are underestimated(3), one the other hand, the case of encephalitis associated with human herpesvirus-7 infection in an immunocompetent patient has been rarely reported. Thus, we mainfest an immunocompetent 26-year-old woman with encephalitis that the infection reason is not clear and review current literature. With the treatment of acyclovir and ganciclovir. The clinical outcome in our patient was recovered.
Behavioral Characteristics of Pediatric Surgery Patients and Their Parents and Treatment Planning During the Closure Period of the COVID 19 Pandemic
Authors: Ayvaz Olga Devrim , Celayir Ayşenur , Pehlivan Erkan
Published: October 2022

Background
We aimed to determine the behavioral attitudes and diagnostic/interventional characteristics of the patients relatives who applied to our polyclinic during the closure period of COVID 19 pandemic.
Methods
This prospective study was conducted between June-July 2020. The data were statistically analyzed.
Results
Hundred and five(61.8%) male, 65(38.2%) female patients who applied to our outpatient clinic. The median age was 2 years. A total of children came with their parents, and 99.4% were wearing masks. Although 93.5% of the parents were wearing their masks correctly. At least one of the additional protective outfits was used by 7.1% parents. Fourty(23.5%) parents adapted at least one of the health protective behaviors. 52.4% patients were not wearing masks; and 92.6% masked people were wearing them correctly. Surgery was performed in 10.5% of the patients under general anesthesia.
Conclusion
The use of masks by the children of working mothers and older fathers, the correct use of the masks by the patient influenced by the father's profession, decreased use of additional health protective methods by those who came by their own vehicles, increase in the frequency of wearing masks as the child got older were found to be statistically significant parameters.
Application of Newly Synthesized Fe 3 O 4 @MPTMS-Dithizone Magnetic Nanoparticles for Sensitive Analysis of Sibutramine Molecules in Herbal Slimming Products
Authors: Demir Özge , Ulusoy Halil İbrahim , Polat Ümmügülsüm , Ulusoy Songül
Published: October 2022

A new enrichment and sensitive determination method, which includes HPLC-DAD analysis after Magnetic Based Solid Phase Extraction (MSPE), has been developed for trace analysis of Sibutramine molecules in herbal slimming tea samples. In the proposed method, Sibutramine molecules were pre-concentrated by using a newly synthetized magnetic sorbent in our laboratory. Desorption of Sibutramine molecules from sorbent phase were carried out by using acetonitrile/methanol (1:1) solvent in the presence of pH 8.0 buffer before chromatographic determinations. Analytical parameters of method such as linear range, enrichment factor, and determination limit were determined after optimizing experimental variables such as interaction time, desorption solvent, pH, etc. Sibutramine molecule was analyzed by isocratic elution of acetonitrile and KH2PO4 (pH 3.0, 0.05 M) (40:60) with DAD detector at 223 nm wavelength. Limit of detection (LOD) value was calculated as 1.43 ng mL− 1. Relative standard deviations (RSD) were below 3.20% for determinations of model solutions including 200 ng mL− 1 of Sibutramine. Finally, the developed method has been applied to herbal slimming tea samples with quantitative in recovery experiments.
Comparison of neonatal outcomes between multiples and singletons among very low birth weight infants: The Korean Neonatal Network Cohort Study
Authors: Jang Hyeon Gu , Choi Seoheui , Noh O Kyu , Hwang Jong Hee , Lee Jang Hoon
Published: October 2022

To compare neonatal outcomes between multiples and singletons among very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs), this was a prospective cohort study that was conducted by collecting data registered in the Korean Neonatal Network (KNN) database from January 2013 to December 2016. There were 8265 infants in the KNN database, and 2958 of them were from a multiple pregnancy (MP VLBWIs). Among them, 2636 infants were twins, 308 infants were triplets, and 14 infants were quadruplets. MP VLBWIs had a higher gestational age, birth weight, Apgar scores at 5 minutes, the rates of caesarean section and artificial reproductive technology (ART) but lower maternal hypertension, oligohydramnios, chorioamnionitis rates and CRIB scores than the singleton VLBWIs (SG VLBWIs). In univariate analysis, the MP VLBWIs had a lower incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and sepsis, but the mortality rate was not significantly different for overall gestational ages except born at ≤ 26 weeks of gestation. In multivariate logistic analysis, the incidences of intraventricular haemorrhage (grade ≥ 3), and retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment were significantly higher than the SG VLBWIs. A new strategy to improve the mortality of immature MP VLBWIs born at ≤ 26 weeks of gestation should be developed.
Genomic prediction of agronomic traits in sugarcane using machine learning and quantitative genetics
Authors: Inamori Minoru , Kimura Tatsuro , Mori Masaaki , Tarumoto Yusuke , Hattori Taiichiro , Hayano Michiko , Umeda Makoto , Iwata Hiroyoshi
Published: October 2022

To improve the efficiency of sugarcane breeding, introduction of genomic selection (GS) into breeding programs is anticipated. For sugarcane cultivars with highly heterozygous polyploid genomes, non-additive genetic effects must be considered in genomic prediction models. In this context, the use of machine learning techniques is an effective approach to model nonadditive genetic effects. In addition, pedigree information that tracks sugarcane breeding lineages can be used to calculate the degree of association among genotypes and as input for predictive models. In the present study, we used the breeding population used in a KARC/NARO sugarcane breeding program in Japan as experimental material and verified the following attributes. Specifically, the prediction accuracy of BLUP was validated based on genomic and pedigree information. In addition, a new machine learning method that can explicitly process the interaction between whole-genome markers and genetic background was developed, and comparative verification was performed using the conventional random forest method. Pedigree information showed high predictive accuracy, and when columns of the numerator relationship matrices were used as input for the machine learning models, their accuracy was identical or superior to that of BLUP depending on traits. Finally, we confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed machine learning method using interactions among markers as a model. Overall, these GS methods are expected to improve sugarcane breeding efficiency.
Linked color imaging combined with Kyoto Classification of Gastritis to establish a training model for general practitioners with a special interest in digestive diseases: a quantitative study of general practitioner training in China
Authors: Huang Jun , Xue Lan-feng , Huang Qing-ju , Chen Zhen-yu , Qiao Wei-guang , Chen Yu
Published: October 2022

Background
Linked color imaging (LCI) can improve the diagnostic rate of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection-related gastritis, and Kyoto Classification of Gastritis contributes to the diagnosis of H. pylori infection under endoscopy. The present study aims to combine LCI with Kyoto Classification of Gastritis to establish a training model for general practitioners (GPs) with a special interest in digestive diseases.
Methods
Gastroenterology sub-specialty training was conducted for GPs. After analysis by expert endoscopists, a simplified Kyoto Classification of Gastritis was generated to prepare the questionnaire. The questionnaire containing images in white light imaging (WLI) mode and LCI mode was used to assess the trainees' ability to determine the status of H. pylori infection by observing endoscopic mucosal manifestations before and after learning the Kyoto Classification of Gastritis. SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis.
Results
The analysis of expert endoscopists on the Kyoto Classification of Gastritis showed that gastroscopic mucosal manifestations including mucosal atrophy, hematin, mucosal swelling, and sticky mucus had an impact on the judgment of H. pylori infection (P < 0.05). After training, the total questionnaire score of GPs was improved (3.48 vs 4.45, P < 0.05), and there was no difference in the questionnaire completion time between GPs and standard gastroenterologists (SGs). After training, the questionnaire score of GPs based on images in WLI and LCI modes was improved. The score of the LCI mode was higher than that of the WLI mode (LCI: 1.45 vs 2.14, P < 0.05, WLI: 2.04 vs 2.31, P = 0.355).
Conclusions
Kyoto Classification of Gastritis combined with LCI improves the ability of GPs to diagnose H. pylori infection through endoscopic images.
Persistent T cell-mediated immune responses against Omicron variants after the third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose
Authors: Belik Milja , Liedes Oona , Vara Saimi , Haveri Anu , Pöysti Sakari , Kolehmainen Pekka , Maljanen Sari , Huttunen Moona , Reinholm Arttu , Lundberg Rickard , Skön Marika , Osterlund Pamela , Melin Merit , Hänninen Arno , Hurme Antti , Ivaska Lauri , Tähtinen Paula , Lempainen Johanna , Kakkola Laura , Jalkanen Pinja , Julkunen Ilkka
Published: October 2022

The prime-boost COVID-19 mRNA vaccination strategy has proven to be effective against severe COVID-19 disease and death. However, concerns have been raised due to decreasing neutralizing antibody levels after COVID-19 vaccination and due to the emergence of new immuno-evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants that may require additional booster vaccinations. Here we show that within the vaccinated health care workers (HCWs) the third mRNA vaccine dose recalls both humoral and T cell-mediated immune responses and induces high levels of neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants. Three weeks after the third vaccine dose, SARS-CoV-2 wild type spike protein-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are observed in 82% and 71% of HCWs, respectively, and the T cells cross-recognize both Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 spike peptides. Although the levels of neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 decline 2.5 to 3.8-fold three months after the third dose, Th1-type memory CD4+ T cell responses are maintained for at least 7 months post the second dose and 3 months post the third vaccine dose suggesting durable immune protection.
Taxonomic and phylogenetic shifts following an inland derecho
Authors: Barfknecht David F. , Thapa Saroj , Gibson David J. , Holzmueller Eric J.
Published: October 2022

In 2009, a derecho occurred in southern Illinois affecting large areas of the regional forest systems. Previous research reported multi-strata species compositional shifts post-derecho at LaRue Pine Hills/Otter Pond Research Natural Area (LPH/OP RNA). Here, we expand these observations to include phylogenetic and spatial relationships, including elevation as a covariate. Surveys were conducted before and after the derecho. Univariate and multivariate analyses documented diversity and compositional shifts. Spatial analyses identified distinct spatial patterns in taxonomic (TSR) and phylogenetic (PSR) species richness, and metrics of phylogenetic clustering and overdispersion (net relatedness index and nearest taxon index; NRI and NTI, respectively), in seedling, sapling, and tree communities. Decreases in tree TSR and PSR and sapling PSR, and increases in sapling NTI occurred post-derecho. Seedling diversity-elevational relationships exhibited a humped-backed relationship in all cases excluding NTI pre-derecho, while saplings showed positive linear relationships between phylogenetic metrics and elevation. Despite the relatively small elevation gradient (122m), multivariate analyses identified elevation as the most influential environmental driver of community dissimilarity. Local Moran’s I analysis showed post-derecho clustering in the north-central extent. Co-Kriging (CoK) interpolation predicted that seedling diversity increased in the southwestern extent, while sapling diversity increased in the eastern extent and tree diversity increased from the north-central extent post-derecho, indicating competitive interactions at lower elevations and environmental filtering at higher elevations. Seedling and tree NRI and NTI increased in the southern extent, whereas sapling clustering increased in the northeastern extent. Co-Kriging had a better prediction capability compared to other spatial interpolation methods.
Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Rainfall Concentration and Seasonality in Johor River Basin, Malaysia: Application of the CHIRPS Precipitation Product
Authors: Sa’adi Zulfaqar , Yusop Zulkifli , Alias Nor Eliza
Published: October 2022

An important factor affecting the climate is the amount of rain that falls in a given year. An imbalanced rainfall distribution results in periods of excessive rainfall over certain location that can increase the risk of flood, and contrarily a periods of drought, which hinder plant and crop growth. Therefore, a spatiotemporal assessment of rainfall concentration is important in case of Johor river basin (JRB) in identifying area that is prone to flood, and to ensure the utilisation of water resource can be optimise and conserve throughout the year. In this study, gridded-based CHIRPS rainfall dataset (period 1983–2018) was used to calculate rainfall concentration based on the concentration index (CI). In addition, the performance of Seasonality Index (SI) and Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) was investigated to define the rainfall regime in JRB. The mapping of the spatiotemporal distribution of CI was done to understand the pattern and changes in the days of heavy rainfall across JRB. High CI is associated with strong physical processes like convection, while low CI can be construed as the result of regular patterns like the fronts' constant passage. The trend was then analysed with non-parametric Mann–Kendall (MK) at 95% significance level. The results showed that SI can give a better classification of rainfall regime in JRB than PCI, due to broader classification. Under SI classification, the rainfall regime in JRB was mainly characterised by ‘equable but with a definite wetter season’ type. Generally, the CI values is high (≥ 0.60) across the basin, varying from 0.61 to 0.72, with the highest in the north-western and western area. The shift in rainfall concentration was observed, as CI significantly increased at 27 grid points along the eastern border at the upstream and middle part of the basin. 25% rainiest days during the NE monsoon made up more than 67% and up to 83% of the annual rainfall for all grid points. Therefore, it is inferred high-intensity rainfall events contribute by the total rain in the basin, which give the highest overall percentage. The results enhance the knowledge on the local climate in Peninsular Malaysia (PM), and also give considerable important information to water resource management, flood mitigation plan and also valuable for agricultural planning.
The HPV16/18 Infected CIN Should Be on High Alert Due to LEEP Find Underdiagnosis from Point Biopsy
Authors: Lei Lei , Mei Niu Su , Zeng Wang Guo , Fang Li
Published: October 2022

Background
Cervical cancer is caused by continuous infection of high-risk HPV. The timely and accurate diagnosis could contribute to prevent the damage from cervical cancer to female. Biopsy under the guidance of colposcopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis in cervical cancer which the accuracy is still questionable. We aim to analyze the deficiency and related risk factors of colposcopy guided point biopsy for cervical intraepithelial lesions by comparing the postoperative pathology of LEEP.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on 1329 patients, they were all tested by HPV genotype with diversion hybrid gene chip technology using 21-type Geno Array Diagnostic Kit, after colposcopic point biopsy and LEEP surgery. All patients were enrolled in group according to the ASCCP 2012 guidelines, and biopsy examination using the German LEISEGANG photoelectronic colposcopy system under the guidance of colposcopy.
Results
Among all participants, 28.3% (376/1329) and 71.7% (953/1329) were found low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) by colposcopy guided point biopsy, respectively. 20.2% LSIL patients (76/376) were found HSIL after LEEP, and in those 76 new HSIL cases, HPV type 16, type 18, other 12 type (31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68) and rest HPV type were found 38.2% (29/76), 14.5% (11/76),43.4% (33/76) and 4.0% (3/76), respectively. In the 953 cases of HSIL diagnosed by colposcopy guided point biopsy (HSIL-PB), 1.6% cases (15/953) were found invasive cancer after LEEP and HPV16/18 infection rate was 86.7% (13/15).
Conclusion
In this study, we found HPV 16/18 positive patients had a higher risk in misdiagnosis by colposcopic biopsy, especially LSIL cases diagnosed by point biopsy. HPV16/18 infection should be a novel diagnostic biomarker in CIN diagnosis.
Specific and rapid visual detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in agricultural products by gold nanoparticles conjugated with aptamer
Authors: Morowati Mohssen , Moghaddam Tahereh tohidi
Published: October 2022

Designing a fast, cheap and easy method which enables detection of the pesticide residue levels on-site is very important. In the present research, a sensitive nanobiosensor has been designed based on gold colloidal nanoparticles that could detect organophosphates and carbamates. It was synthesized using gold plasmonic nanoparticles by chemical growth method on grain particles. This nanobiosensor was optimized in the presence of different concentrations and volumes of aptamer, salt, etc. To detect pesticides by this nanobiosensor Trichlorfon and diazinon (OP) and Carbofuran and pirimicarb (Carb) were used. By interaction of the pesticides with the nanobiosensor, the appearance and color of the nanobiosensor changed markedly, which was visible to the naked eye. The results show, the sensitivity of this nanobiosensor is the lowest to diazinon and the highest to Carbofuran over the time. It seems that in the presence of Trichlorfon, the nanobiosensor designed in the beginning shows significant morphological changes in the nanostructures. The time required for incubation of samples of pesticide and nanobiosensor is determined to be about 10–15 minutes. Another interesting potential of colorimetric nanobiosensor is based on the extreme sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance of gold nanostructures to the surrounding media, which can be functionalized with specific biomolecules for specific detection. Therefore, there is a good potential to replace this new method with conventional methods.
Building a prognostic model based on Cytokine-related genes and exploration of colon cancer prognostic indicators
Authors: Lv Wenbo , Wu Qi , Liu Jun , Luo Judong , Fang Mingming , Wu Yong
Published: October 2022

To explore the potential impact of immune microenvironment and gene mutation on the prognosis of patients with colon cancer. A colon cancer prognostic model was constructed based on cytokine-related genes. Colon cancer transcriptome sequencing data, clinical information, mutation information and cytokine-related gene lists were obtained from TCGA, GEO, UCSC, and ImmPort. The 112 genes of CRDGs were constructed by differential analysis and intersection with cytokine-related genes. Based on this gene set, a risk model was constructed, evaluated and validated, and PPI, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed on this gene set. From the performance of the ROC of the training and validation models, this model has good predictive ability, and the risk score can be used as an independent factor for colon cancer prognosis. Immune infiltration and mutation analysis based on the risk model showed that Bcell, Tcell, and M2 were significantly decreased in the high-risk group, while M0 was increased. From the expression of mutated genes in risk groups, TTN, TP53, KRAS, APC, MUC16, and MUC4 have beneficial or adverse effects on prognosis. Independent prognostic analysis and drug sensitivity analysis revealed a certain clinical value of this model. In summary, The model constructed by CRDGs has good predictive ability and can be used as an independent factor for clinical prognosis. The immune microenvironment and some gene mutations have important effects on tumor prognosis.
Multi Combination Pattern Labeling by using Deep Learning for Chameleon Rotary Machine Environment
Authors: Kang JiEun , Kim SuBi , Yoon YongIk
Published: October 2022

Rotary machines in industrial environment operates under various specifications and characteristics. When rotary machines are operating, various kinds of vibrations are generating including specific current operation states. In this way, lots of studies on anomaly detection and diagnostics of states with vibration analysis for rotary machines are conducted. However, if it is not for the robust dataset based accurate labeling considering dynamic environments for analysis criteria, it is challenged to identify various types of the rotary machines states and limited to correct decision making. For overcome these difficulties, this paper proposes Multi Combination Pattern Labeling (MCPL) method, which is to generate labels for fluent anomaly criteria and classification of rotary machine states considering dynamic industrial environment. MCPL induces FFT Pattern and Spectrogram Pattern reflecting inside vibration frequency characteristics and power pattern considering outer environment. Extracting inner and outside pattern, each pattern is combined for identifying convergence patterns, named MCP. Each MCP proceeds labeling process, named MCPL, then MCPL dataset is structured. MCPL dataset is verified based on Deep Neural Network(DNN) and Convolutional Neural Network(CNN). Presenting high accuracy and stable results, through MCPL based labels are possible to classify rotary machines states and detect anomalies under the convergence environment.
Cellulose nanocrystal films – Effect of electrolyte and lignin addition on self- assembly, optical, and mechanical properties
Authors: Parit Mahesh , Jiang Zhihua
Published: October 2022

Effect of electrolytes with various sizes (CsCl, NaCl), valencies (NaCl, CaCl2, AlCl3), pH (NaCl, NaOH) on the self-assembly, optical, and mechanical properties of CNC film was studied. The cross polarized optical microscopy, UV-Vis transmission spectroscopy showed that the chiral nematic to isotropic transition concentration was dependent on the type of counterion and its interaction with the CNC rods. Notably for large size and higher valency of counterion, lower transition concentration was needed. Electrolyte concentration also influenced the CNC film transparency and pitch. At lower electrolyte concentrations CNC film retained iridescence while at higher concentrations hazy film was obtained due to CNC aggregation and electrolyte precipitation, the maximum transparency was obtained near transition concentration. At low electrolyte concentration, the CNC film pitch was higher which may be due to large effective diameter of negatively charged CNC rods, increase in electrolyte concentration reduced the pitch due to suppression of electrical double layer. Addition of electrolyte also showed improvement in the tensile strength (upto 60%) and % strain (upto 170%) of CNC film. This may be due to the presence of ionic interaction between the sulfate ester groups of CNC and positively charged counter ions of electrolyte thereby improving the stress transfer between the rods. Further, the CNC/kraft lignin (KL) based transparent, UV protection films were designed by incorporating hydrogen peroxide treated KL (PBKL) optimized for its transparency and UV blocking properties. CNC/PBKL composite films showed superior %Transparency at 550 nm and %UV blocking at 400 nm compared to CNC/4-amino benzoic acid (4-ABA), a commercial UV-absorbent and most lignin based transparent composite films reported in literature.
Comparative Investigations and CFD Analysis of Flue Gas Flow through Novel Kitchen Chimney Design
Authors: G Mahesh , D Valavan , N Baskar , A Bovas Herbert Bejaxhin
Published: October 2022

Environmental concerns become increasingly evident as technology progresses and the world's population expands. Kitchen ventilation is a subdivision of ventilation that deals with the treatment of air from kitchens. Grease, fumes, and odours are all problems that kitchen ventilation solves. As a result, a cost-effective chimney was chosen to assist civilians. The primary components for venting the kitchen air are the filter, fan, flue, and duct. In this work, the new geometry duct design is improved and analysed by ANSYS. The volume of hot flue gas and discharge of hot flue gas are calculated theoretically and also recommended standard dimensions and geometry to the industry. Academic contributions to chimney advancements are recognised in this study endeavour, and a research deficit is identified based on these objectives.
Autumn Leucojum autumnale L. and spring L. trichophyllum Schousb.: the same flower type for different seasons with a different pollination scenario
Authors: Muñoz-Rodríguez Adolfo Francisco , Barón Ignacio Camino , Ortega-Olivencia Ana
Published: October 2022

Some reproductive aspects of plant species may be conditioned by their flowering phenology. This might affect both the diversity and abundance of pollinators and the plants that constitute the community and, in turn, influence the degree of competition for pollinators. This study analyzed the plant floral display, floral rewards, and the pollination and breeding systems of two related species of Leucojum with different flowering phenology, the autumn-flowering L. autumnale L. and the spring-flowering L. trichophyllum Schousb. The main aim was to discover differences between both species that could be modeled by their differing flowering phenology. Our results showed that both species needed pollinators to reproduce sexually, with zero (L. trichophyllum) or almost zero values (c. 7.7%; L. autumnale) for fructification after self-pollination vs. over 90% after natural pollination (both species). Their flowers opened in the morning and closed at night, and neither produced nectar, only pollen as reward to pollinators. Plants of the L. autumnale population studied produced 1 to 4 inflorescences per plant vs. only 1 in L. trichophyllum, and the former presented a greater density of flowers per surface unit. Leucojum autumnale flowers were visited by Himenoptera in the morning and those of L. trichophyllum only received visits from two Coleoptera, these being most abundant at sunrise and sunset, whereas in the middle of the day they visited Cistaceae flowers. This latter occurrence represents facilitation rather competition in relation to visiting hours.
Preparation and spectroscopic study of nanosized aluminate spinels Al 2 XO 4 ( X = Cd, Ni and Co) synthesized by solution combustion technique
Authors: Mahi Khaled , Mostefa Rabah , Trari Mohamed
Published: October 2022

The aluminate nano-powders Al2XO4 (X = Cd, Ni and Co), crystallizing in a cubic spinel, were prepared by combustion method at 900°C. The effects of cations on the structure, optical properties and distribution of the cations as well as the binding energy of the samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance and FT-IR) spectroscopy. The XRD analysis confirmed the spinel structure of all samples, and showed that the average crystallite size of Al2XO4 increases from 23.89 to 32.72 nm, while the lattice parameter changes from 8.0490 to 8.1066 Å when going from Ni to Co. As expected, the FT-IR spectroscopy of Al2XO4 showed the presence of the fundamental absorption peaks in the region (400–745 cm− 1 ), confirming the formation of the aluminate spinels. The slight shift toward longer wavenumbers is due to the low electronegativity of Cd. The forbidden bands (Eg), determined by diffuse reflectance, were found to be 3.78, 3.82 and 3.75 eV respectively for Al2CdO4, Al2NiO4 and Al2CoO4, assigned to the charge transfer O2−: 2p → X2+: d orbital, making our spinels good candidates for optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications.
Assessment of potential risks related to mass movement hazards along the Southern Escarpment of the Bamileke Plateau (West-Cameroon Highlands)
Authors: NDONBOU Raoul Merlin , NKOUATHIO David Guimolaire , TEFOGOUM Ghislain ZANGMO , DONGMO Armand KAGOU , GUEDJEO Christian Suh , TONTSA Lauric
Published: October 2022

The South Escarpment of the Bamileke Plateaus (ESPB) is located on the LVC and is part of the HTOC. It is subject to many risks related to mass movements. This region has significant potential for agro-pastoral activities. It is for this reason that the demographic explosion is important there. The population in place practices many activities and owns several assets. This is the essence of the vulnerability to mass movements in this region. This vulnerability is human and material. Assessing the risk of mass movement also requires an assessment of vulnerability. Field campaigns have made it possible to identify the various vulnerable sites. Falling rocks, landslides and subsidence are the main mass movements in the region. The mass movement density map and probable area map highlight these mass movements. By questioning the populations and using the documents, we estimated the losses. The population is estimated at around 195.181 inhabitants. The estimated loss of agro-pastoral activities is 62.251.150 FCFA or 115.455.96 USD. The ESPB is covered by approximately 279.0335 km of road. It is full of many homes and public buildings. The estimated loss of buildings and properties amounts to 2778509.700 FCFA or 5151001.33 USD. By questioning the populations and using the documents, we estimated the losses. The population is estimated at around 195,181 inhabitants. The estimated loss of agro-pastoral activities is 62.251.150 FCFA or 115.455.96 USD. The ESPB is covered by approximately 279.0335 km of road. It is full of many homes and public buildings. The estimated loss of buildings and properties amounts to 2778509.700 FCFA or 5151001.33 USD. By questioning the populations and using the documents, we estimated the losses. The population is estimated at around 195,181 inhabitants. The estimated loss of agro-pastoral activities is 62.251.150 FCFA or 115.455.96 USD. The ESPB is covered by approximately 279.0335 km of road. It is full of many homes and public buildings. The estimated loss of buildings and properties amounts to 2778509.700 FCFA or 5151001.33 USD.
Morphological plasticity of six tree species with different light demands growing in multi-layered deciduous forests in Central Europe
Authors: Bartkowicz Leszek , Paluch Jarosław
Published: October 2022

Tree allometry is a plastic feature and scaling parameters may considerably vary depending on phylogeny, life strategies, growth conditions and ontogeny. We hypothesized that in multilayered forests growing on rich sites and driven by stand dynamics without stand-replacing disturbances, light is a primary driver of allometric relationships and thatthe morphological plasticity of tree species is closely associated with their shadetolerance. We quantified and compared the morphological properties of six species forming a shade tolerance gradient: Alnus glutinosa(L.) Gaertner,Quercus roburL.,Fraxinus excelsior L.,Ulmuslaevis Pall.,Tilia cordata Miller, andCarpinus betulus L.The relationships between tree height and local stand density as predictors and dbh, crown width, crown length and crown volume as response variables were characterized. We found thatin the lower stand layer the values of crown parameters increased with tree height at a lower ratein light adapted than in shade tolerant species. In contrast, the response of morphological traits on competition was stronger in light adapted than in shade tolerant species.The crown widthtocrown length ratio was not associated with light demand. Except for the different allocation pattern of ash, between-species differences in the slenderness ratio were insignificant. Allometry and sensitivity to competition was different in trees growing in the upper and lower stand layer. Our results show that the dichotomy of basic growth strategies of stress tolerance or stress avoidance is too simplistic and does not encompass social status and species-specific features such asapical control.
Selectivity of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) to the polyphagous predator Ceraeochrysa claveri (Navás, 1911) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors: Daquila Bruno Vinicius , Moi Dieison André , Scudeler Elton Luiz , Oliveira João Arthur dos Santos , Polanczyk Ricardo Antonio , Conte Helio
Published: October 2022

Biopesticides based onBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) are widely used to control agricultural pests. These products are efficient and have high specificity to target insects. However, there are concerns about their impact on non-target organisms.Ceraeochrysa claveri, is a polyphagous predator with important value in the biological control of insect pests in crops of economic interest. This study aimed to analyze the effects ofB. thuringiensisserovaraizawaiCG-91 (Bta) on the post-embryonic development ofC. claveri. Neonate larvae ofC. claveriwere fed withDiatraea saccharaliseggs contaminated with different concentrations of Bta (0.62, 1.25, 2.50, and 5.00 g.L-1) until your pupation. Samples of the midgut larvae were collected for histological and ultrastructural analysis, and the larval and pupal inviability data were collected at the end of the respective developmental stages. After the emergence of adult insects, were considered inviable those with morphological alterations. To evaluate the reproduction, adult insects couples were formed, and the oviposition was collecteds. No significant differences in the viability of eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults ofC. clavericontaminated with Bta were reported. Midgut analyses did not reveal cellular damage in the epithelium, indicating a possible lack of insecticidal proteins receptors. The oviposition and their viability were similar between treated and control groups. Our results demonstrated that Bta did not affect the post-embryonic development ofC. claveri. This illustrates that the combined use of Bta andC. claverifor the biological control of arthropod pests can be a sustainable strategy for integrated pest management.
Learning Curve of Robotic Rectal Surgery Using Risk-Adjusted Cumulative Summation: A Five-Year Institutional Experience
Authors: Oshio Hiroshi , Konta Tsuneo , Oshima Yukiko , Yunome Gen , Okazaki Shinji , Kawamura Ichiro , Ashitomi Yuya , Kawai Masaaki , Musha Hiroaki , Motoi Fuyuhiko
Published: October 2022

Purpose
We delineated the learning phases of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer and compared the surgical and clinical outcomes between robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery and conventional laparoscopic surgery.
Methods
In total, 210 patients underwent rectal cancer surgery at Sendai Medical Center from 2015 to 2020. Conventional laparoscopic surgery was performed in 110 patients, while robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery was performed in 100 patients. The learning curve was evaluated using the cumulative summation method, risk-adjusted cumulative summation method, and logistic regression analysis.
Results
The risk-adjusted cumulative summation learning curve was divided into three phases: phase 1 (cases 1–48), phase 2 (cases 49–80), and phase 3 (cases 81–100). The length of hospital stay (13.1 days vs. 18.0 days, respectively; p = 0.016) and the surgical duration (209.1 minutes vs. 249.5 minutes, respectively; p = 0.045) were significantly shorter in the robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery group (phase 3) than in the conventional laparoscopic surgery group. The volume of blood loss was significantly lower in the robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery group (phase 1) than in the conventional laparoscopic surgery group (17.7 ml vs. 79.7 ml, respectively; p = 0.036). The International Prostate Symptom Score was significantly lower (indicating less severe symptoms) in the robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery group (p = 0.0131).
Conclusions
Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer was safe and demonstrated better surgical and clinical outcomes, including a shorter hospital stay, less blood loss, and a shorter surgical duration, than conventional laparoscopic surgery. Tactile familiarity can be acquired from visual information beyond 80 cases.
RNA m6A methylation regulates the malignancy and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells via modulation of P53 expression
Authors: Lin Yu , Deng Guoming , Zhao Zhifang , Xin Jinge , Wang Hesong , Zhou Jiawang , Zhang Haisheng , Xie Guoyou , Li Jiexin , Bai Yang
Published: October 2022

N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) modification, which is methylated by methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), is critical for the progression of several cancers. However, the roles of m6A in the apoptosis of cancer cells have not been well illustrated. Our present study reveals that deletion of METTL3 promotes the apoptosis and impairs the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Both sequencing analysis and in vitro assays confirm that P53, an important transcription factor of apoptosis, is involved in the m6A-regulated apoptosis of CRC. Mechanically, the occurrence of m6A in P53 coding region (CDS), but not 3’ untranslated region (UTR), inhibited the expression of P53. Loss and gain functional studies confirm that YTHDF2 mediates mRNA degradation of P53 mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner. Moreover, METTL3 up-regulation acts as an adverse prognosis factor for recurrence‐free survival of colorectal cancers. Our study highlights the critical roles of m6A in the regulation of apoptosis, in cancer cells, through modulation of P53 expression.
A superior articular process morphology prone to screws placement failure: an anatomical study of 299 patients via multi-slice spiral computed tomography.
Authors: Liu Xiang-ge , Liang Pei-jie , Liu Han-hui , Chen Biao , Chen Guang-fu , Zhao Xiao-dong
Published: October 2022

Purposes: This study aimed to investigate whether the morphology of the superior articular processes of L5 vertebra affected the accuracy of pedicle screw placement by reviewing 299 patients who had undergone L5 pedicle screw fixation over the past 12 months and measuring relevant parameters. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent L5 vertebra fixation at our spine surgery department from October 20, 2020 to October 20, 2021. Patients with spondylolisthesis, spondylolysis, and scoliosis were excluded. Parameters associated with the superior articular process were analyzed, including Mammillary process-Spinal canal Distance (MCD), Inter-Facet Distance (IFD), Inter-Pedicle Distance (IPD), Zygapophysial Joints Angle (ZJA), Superior Articular Width (SAW), and Lateral Recess Transverse Diameter (LRTD). The L5 vertebral body was reconstructed by Mimics 21.0, and the simulated L5 screws were inserted at multiple entry points to measure the Maximum Safe Transverse Angle (STAmax). Results:299 patients who underwent L5 vertebra fixation with 556 pedicle screws were analyzed. An MCD < 6mm was associated with a significant increase in screw placement failure rate and decrease in ZJA. The MCD was positively correlated with IFD. No significant change in IPD was observed. Mimics software analysis showed that the STAmax decreased with a decrease of MCD. When WBV < 6mm, 93% of the trans-mammillary vertical line was located within 50% of the pedicle. Conclusions: The superior articular process tended to narrow the spinal canal and exhibit a steep and a “cloverleaf” morphology when the MCD was < 6mm. This morphology increased the risk of operator mis-judgement resulting in screw placement failure. Assessment of the relationship between the trans-mammillary vertical line and the pedicle represents a simple method to predict abnormal morphology of the superior articular process before surgery.
Evaluation and prediction of silicon bioavailability in diverse silicon fertilizers
Authors: Zhu Yunling , Yan Guochao , Fan Xiaoping , Zhang Xinyuan , Ye Mujun , Liang Yongchao
Published: October 2022

Silicon (Si) is a widely recognized beneficial element in plants. The application of Si fertilizers has become a rather common agronomic practice for sustainable agricultural production. However, due to the vast diversity of Si fertilizers, no official method is currently available for estimating the availability of Si in different Si fertilizers to direct their field application. In this study, we evaluated the bio-available Si concentration in eight Si fertilizers differing in Si form and pH by using different extraction methods including HCl, NaOH, Amberlite resin, 3-morpholinopropane-1-sulfonic acid (MOPS), ammonium acetate, and citric acid. To test the effectiveness of these methods, we investigated the relationships between bio-available Si and plant growth and Si accumulation by conducting a pot experiment with rice. The results indicate that the Si fertilizers applied increased shoot biomass and grain weight, but no single extraction method could be used to assess the bioavailability of Si in all the Si fertilizers tested. Accordingly, based on Si sources and pH, we classified the tested fertilizers into three categories, i.e. alkaline, acid and amorphous Si fertilizers, to find out their suitable extractant. The correlation analyses clearly show that 1) 0.025 M ammonium acetate could accurately predict Si availability and shoot biomass for alkaline Si fertilizers (Slag and Fulibang), 2) the amount of Si extracted by 0.2 M NaOH from amorphous Si fertilizers (Elkem A, Elkem B and Tangshan) correlated well with Si availability and shoot biomass and 3) the amount of Si extracted by 0.5 M NaOH and citric from acid fertilizers (Shanjia 1, Shanjia 2 and Shanyin) could be used to assess Si availability and shoot biomass response, respectively. Furthermore, resin extraction was the best predictor of grain yield response for alkaline Si fertilizers (Slag and Fulibang) and acid fertilizers (Shanjia 1, Shanjia 2 and Shanyin), whereas the amount of Si extracted by 0.5 M NaOH could satisfactorily estimate the response of grain yield for amorphous Si fertilizers.