bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Populations traditionnelles et convention sur la diversité biologique : l'exemple du Brésil
Authors: Carneiro Da Cunha Manuela
Published: August 2014

Local lore on genetic resources has at last been formally recognized in the International Conventions, and several countries are in the process of introducing legislative changes on access to genetic resources and to that lore. The question then arises as to whether the system of intellectual property rights should be extended to encompass the traditional populations. Or whether it would not be better to keep local lore in the public domain and have the local populations share in any business profits.
Comment revitaliser les tarodières irriguées de Futuna ?
Authors: Claus Jean-Christophe , Lebot Vincent
Published: August 2014

Irrigated taro fields are probably ancient on Futuna. Their importance is both socio-cultural and as a reliable source of staples. This cropping system is poorly documented but has a high potential of production per unit of area. Furthermore, its sustainability is an asset considering the fragile insular environment of Futuna. Unfortunately, farmers now complain that their yields tend to decrease. A study was therefore conducted to assess the present situation, identify constraints to taro production and formulate strategies to develop these irrigated terraces. Practical and technical solutions exist that will have, however, to take into consideration the present evolution of the Futunese society.
Rôle des chiens de chasse chez les Konon des Monts Nimba : à l'interface entre le village et la brousse
Authors: Chaffard Solange
Published: August 2014

Dans la société konon, le chien de chasse est l'auxiliaire du chasseur mais avant de devenir ce collaborateur privilégié, le chien subit un apprentissage méthodique et rigoureux dicté par des pratiques cynégétiques qui le placent dans une vie parallèle à celle du chasseur. Les techniques et utilisations du chien dans les pratiques cynégétiques actuelles et passées mettent en évidence la position intermédiaire de cet animal entre nature et culture, entre deux mondes qui s'opposent, le village et la brousse, et reflètent toutes les évolutions et transformations de l'activité cynégétique des Konon.
Les hortillonnages en Thaïlande et dans le monde
Authors: Mollard Éric
Published: August 2014

Les hortillonnages sont des champs surélevés permanents érigés en milieu humide, où l'alternance de planches et de fossés garantit l'assainissement du sol cultivé. Ce type d'aménagement est essentiellement individuel et les collectivités ou l'État n'y participent qu'indirectement. Sur la base d'un inventaire mondial et de l'étude écologique et sociale de la situation thaïlandaise, nous remettons en question les hypothèses de diffusion d'un modèle technique ou d'une connaissance ethnique, ainsi que l'explication en termes de difficultés liées à l'investissement initial. Face à la capacité d'artificialisation des paysans, la thèse écologique nous paraît également mince pour expliquer les abandons passés et les développements récents des hortillonnages. La théorie économique d'Ester Boserup est satisfaisante à condition d'inclure l'ouverture de marchés agricoles, l'alternative technologique dans un territoire qui va au-delà du seul milieu humide et la prise en compte des caractéristiques particulières de l'évolution agricole dans ce dernier.
Le système de production agricole hmong à Saül (Guyane française) : modalités de pérennisation
Authors: Salaün Pascale
Published: August 2014

La jachère n'est plus employée par les Hmong de Guyane qui pratiquaient pourtant l'essartage sur les versants boisés du Laos. Il est vrai que les modalités d'accès au foncier sur le littoral guyanais interdisent toute rotation des cultures. Néanmoins, à Saül, la situation pourrait s'avérer différente car le système de production est particulier à ce petit groupe de migrants inconditionnels arrivés récemment. L'agriculture se spécialise en arboriculture, alternative d'une exploitation durable du milieu. Et les facteurs socioculturels et économiques semblent être limitants à la mise en place d'une agriculture marchande. Aussi, quelle orientation peuvent-ils choisir dans ce contexte et comment vont-ils gérer la fertilité des sols ?
Issues and Impacts of Internet Gambling: The Case of Australia
Authors: Lee Timothy Jeonglyeol , Byun Woo-Hee
Published: August 2014

Internet gambling has become of interest in recent years as studies on this craze have shown that it is has the potential to become extremely problematic. This article presents the benefits and disadvantages of Internet gambling to the community, to gaming operators, and to consumers
in Australia. The article also demonstrates how other factors such as laws and regulations can affect the community and gaming operators. Research suggests that many of the advantages and disadvantages overlap, and what may be an advantage in one area can be a disadvantage in another. This
article contributes to the understanding of the impact of one of the fastest developing gaming and leisure activities worldwide.
Measuring Wellness-Related Lifestyles for Local Tourists in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Kaung-Hwa , Chang Feng-Hsiang , Tung Ke-Xin
Published: August 2014

This study involved establishing a lifestyle scale that addresses wellness tourism. Seventy-five items were collected and scored by experts; subsequently, 50 items were incorporated in the question bank for composing a questionnaire. The surveyed tourists returned 1,506 valid questionnaires.
Finally, by using factor analyses, 26 items and 7 factors were extracted to design a wellness lifestyle scale; the conceptual framework for a wellness lifestyle was then constructed for local tourists in Taiwan. Future researchers of market segmentation in wellness tourism can conduct validation
based on the proposed scale, screening potential customers in the wellness tourism market.
The Affective–Psychological Process of Festival Visitor Loyalty Formation
Authors: Lee Jenny (Jiyeon) , Kyle Gerard T.
Published: August 2014

The present study investigates the causal relationships among emotions, satisfaction, psychological commitment, and loyalty in festival contexts based on the theoretical and empirical evidence underlying customer loyalty development. Using on-site and follow-up survey procedures, data
were collected from 228 visitors to the three community-based festivals. The results of structural equation modeling suggested that positive emotions were strong predictors of visitors' overall evaluations of their experience at the festivals. Satisfaction with their overall festival experience
was in turn found to strongly influence psychological commitment and loyalty to those festivals. In accordance with the study findings, we provided theoretical implications to advancing our understanding of the loyalty development process by integrating the affective element into the conventional
cognitive model. Our findings also provide useful practical insights on the formulation of effective marketing strategies to draw and maintain loyal visitors.
Purchasing Leisure Travel Online: An Analysis of Russian Internet Users' Intentions
Authors: Böck Stefanie N. , Skoupy Katharina G. , Solovyeva Varvara , Egger Roman
Published: August 2014

The purpose of this study was to conduct an empirical piece of research to investigate Russian Internet users' intentions behind purchasing leisure travel online. The technology acceptance model was taken as a theoretical basis for the study. The findings indicate that the Russian market
is very different from the European as well as the US–American market, and therefore needs special consideration. It was therefore not possible to analyze the model fully, but only in part.
Influence of the PDMS substrate stiffness on the adhesion of Acanthamoeba castellanii
Authors: Gutekunst Sören B , Grabosch Carsten , Kovalev Alexander , Gorb Stanislav N , Selhuber-Unkel Christine
Published: August 2014

Background: Mechanosensing of cells, particularly the cellular response to substrates with different elastic properties, has been discovered in recent years, but almost exclusively in mammalian cells. Much less attention has been paid to mechanosensing in other cell systems, such as in eukaryotic human pathogens.

Results: We report here on the influence of substrate stiffness on the adhesion of the human pathogen Acanthamoebae castellanii (A. castellanii). By comparing the cell adhesion area of A. castellanii trophozoites on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates with different Young’s moduli (4 kPa, 29 kPa, and 128 kPa), we find significant differences in cell adhesion area as a function of substrate stiffness. In particular, the cell adhesion area of A. castellanii increases with a decreasing Young’s modulus of the substrate.

Conclusion: The dependence of A. castellanii adhesion on the elastic properties of the substrate is the first study suggesting a mechanosensory effect for a eukaryotic human pathogen. Interestingly, the main targets of A. castellanii infections in the human body are the eye and the brain, i.e., very soft environments. Thus, our study provides first hints towards the relevance of mechanical aspects for the pathogenicity of eukaryotic parasites.
L'éthos et ses doubles contemporains. Perspectives disciplinaires
Authors: Amossy Ruth
Published: August 2014

Cet article se propose de passer brièvement en revue les notions permettant aujourd’hui, dans les sciences humaines et sociales, d’analyser la façon dont le sujet parlant ou agissant gère une interaction sociale en produisant une image de soi appropriée. Il reprend des notions tirées de disciplines diverses (présentation de soi, gestion d’impressions, image corporative, branding ) en les rapportant à l’éthos rhétorique de bonne mémoire, et en soulignant dans cet ensemble la spécificité des sciences du langage. Au sein de celles-ci, le traitement de l’éthos est explicité dans le cadre de l’argumentation dans le discours et partiellement illustré dans un exemple d’autobiographie politique (l’ouvrage post-électoral de Ségolène Royal).
El ethos en la « conversacionalización » del discurso público. Las alocuciones de asunción de la presidente argentina Cristina Fernández de Kirchner
Authors: Vitale María Alejandra
Published: August 2014

Cet article fait un retour critique sur la manière dont N. Fairclough utilise la notion d’éthos (1992, 1995 a ), empruntée à D. Maingueneau (1978) dans la perspective de l’analyse du discours critique. Nous nous y examinons également les réflexions de Fairclough sur l’identité sociale et la personnalité (2003). Ces réflexions sont étroitement liées à la notion d’éthos bien que le terme ne soit pas utilisé dans son dernier travail auquel nous faisons référence. Nous analysons par la suite les discours d’inauguration successifs (2007, 2011) de la présidente argentine Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. Nous montrons que la « conversationnalisation » du discours public qui découle de « l’informalisation des identités »(Fairclough 1992, 1995 ab , 2003) est liée à la construction par la présidente d’un éthos militant (Vitale 2013). Cela se voit dans la manière dont Cristina Fernández de Kirchner transgresse les conventions du genre « discours d’inauguration »(Chumaceiro 2006, Chumaceiro et Alvarez 2007, Campbell et Jamieson 2008). Ces conventions exigent l’utilisation d’un langage formel, l’adhésion au protocole et la construction de l’auditoire comme une communauté nationale en évitant la polémique et en affirmant les valeurs qui unissent le pays. Or, la présidente argentine construit un éthos militant de manière verbale et non verbale à travers le sourire qui augmente l’impression d’informalité ainsi que la nature polémique de ses énoncés.
Éthos et interaction : analyse du débat politique Hollande-Sarkozy
Authors: Sandré Marion
Published: August 2014

Cet article analyse l’éthos, tel qu’il s’est révélé dans le débat de l’entre-deux-tours de l’élection présidentielle française de 2012, entre François Hollande et Nicolas Sarkozy. Après avoir défini la notion d’éthos en fonction de l’analyse du discours, de l’analyse des interactions, du discours politique et médiatique, je présente ma méthodologie pour appréhender l’éthos dans son corpus. L’étude du débat se divise en deux catégories : l’image affichée par le locuteur et l’image attribuée par l’interlocuteur, chacune révélant des marqueurs de l’éthos différents. L’analyse s’intéresse à l’éthos dit dans le discours et à l’éthos montré par le discours et par le comportement des interactants. L’objectif est d’expliquer les différentes (dé) constructions que les candidats font de leur propre image et de celle de leur adversaire dans l’échange. On montrera que la gestion de l’image dans ce genre, et plus particulièrement dans ce corpus, est complexe. La forte interactivité implique que l’éthos soit construit par les deux concurrents. Comme il ne reste que deux candidats à l’issue du premier tour, l’éthos se construit en miroir : pendant qu’un candidat tente d’élaborer une image positive de lui-même, l’autre poursuit le but opposé et lui attribue une image négative. L’essentiel est de trouver un juste équilibre entre ces deux dynamiques pour ne pas ternir sa propre image en montrant un comportement trop agressif. Dans ce débat, la gestion de l’image est l’enjeu même de l’échange : elle se doit d’être convaincante aux yeux du public.
Au-delà de l'éthos discursif : l'éthos galant
Authors: Grinshpun Yana
Published: August 2014

Dans cet article, nous essayons de montrer la polyvalence de la notion d’éthos ainsi que les problèmes qu’elle soulève en considérant les pratiques sociales « galantes » au XVII e siècle et celles qui s’en inspirent au XXI e siècle. Dans le cas de la galanterie, on a affaire à des pratiques collectives pour lesquelles on ne peut pas séparer éthos discursif et éthos non discursif. Le concept d’incorporation permet de mieux rendre compte de son fonctionnement. Nous montrons qu’à travers la discipline du corps et la maîtrise des interactions verbales l’éthos contribue de manière décisive à construire l’identité du groupe en lui permettant de se distinguer. Ces normes sont réfléchies dans des discours experts, en particulier ceux de Madeleine de Scudéry sur la conversation. Pour terminer, nous étudions à travers l’exemple de l’Ecole de la courtoisie comment aujourd’hui ce type de normes s’intègre dans le processus de distinction sociale à travers lequel se légitiment les élites.
De la culture écrite à l'illettrisme
Authors: Filhon Alexandra
Published: August 2014

Aujourd’hui les durées d’études ne cessent de s’allonger et la détention d’un diplôme est de plus en plus souvent exigée pour accéder au marché du travail. Dans ce contexte socioéconomique, les situations d’illettrisme sont appréhendées comme un « problème » majeur pour la société qu’il faut impérativement évaluer pour mieux y remédier. Partant de ce constat, cet article vise à montrer que la mesure de cette situation sociale ne peut être perçue comme le miroir de la réalité sociale. Derrière la construction d’une catégorie statistique réside des rapports à l’écrit divers et surtout un vécu qui ne peut être saisi uniquement en termes de difficultés, de manques ou d’incapacités. Loin d’être dépourvus de ressources sociales et de capacités de mobilisation, les personnes évaluées en difficulté en français ne se vivent pas nécessairement comme des « illettrés » malgré les discours normatifs véhiculés.
Viral Advertising and the Implications of Social Media
Authors: Petrescu Maria
Published: August 2014

Given the estimated online advertising market in the United States of around 4 billion dollars and the current proliferation of social media Websites, this study focuses on reviewing the key theoretical and practical aspects related to viral advertising. It includes an overview of different aspects related to the nature, characteristics, and evaluation of viral advertising, especially focusing on what makes advertisements viral. After a review of the term viral advertising, the author discusses the key characteristics of viral ads, including the most used viral advertising appeals—humor and sexual—and also including a section regarding the importance of the message source on consumers' reaction towards an advertisement. The study also provides a discussion about consumer-generated advertising, a modern online advertising feature that leads to increased interaction and involvement from consumers. The last part of this chapter focuses on the monitoring and evaluating viral ads outcomes by using both traditional and social media specific advertising measures. The author also presents a few ideas related to future research directions and information that might prove useful for advertising research and practice.
How Generation Y Perceives Social Networking Applications in Corporate Environments
Authors: Boughzala Imed
Published: August 2014

Organizations increasingly rely on corporate social networks and online communities to enhance socialization and knowledge sharing, collaboration, and value creation among coworkers. This chapter presents and analyzes results from a qualitative exploratory study conducted recently with a group of 24 graduate management students from a French business school. It contributes to a better understanding of how generation Y perceives the use of Social Networking (SN) applications inside businesses by drawing up a list of dos and don'ts. This study provides an ordered list of important adoption issues to consider when implementing and using CSN applications in businesses. It provides expectations and precautions for stakeholders to take into account for best use, compared to users (coworkers), managers, and the enterprise as a whole. A first list of guidelines, to favor the best adoption of these applications and to make their usage effective, is formulated.
Negotiating Spirituality
Authors: Darmawan Ruly
Published: August 2014

Religion in popular culture is inevitable from the packaging that led to the commodification of religion itself. This commodification becomes possible due to the natural properties of agents of popular culture. If we look at it closely, there are some attempts for this commodification to some religious rituals/activities. In some media, this commodification is packed with an effort that blends musical and theatrical compositions. This chapter describes the reality of commodification on religion that exists commonly in some media entertainment. This chapter is a kind of reflection towards the “being religious” situation that is commonly found in the everyday life and daily media consumption, especially on television during religious holidays.
Entertainment on French Television
Authors: Ghosn Catherine
Published: August 2014

Since its appearance in the grid of programming, televisual entertainment has changed on several points: the presentation, the production, the mixture between entertainment and information. In this chapter, the authors study entertainment on French television by raising four principal points. A first part points out the important dates that marked the history of televisual entertainment. The second one presents the new chains that exploited the crenel of the entertainment and then allowed the multiplication of these programs. The third part counts the results and the analyses carried out on the evolution of the televisual entertainment by researchers in social sciences. The last one analyses the particular mixture between entertainment and politic. In conclusion, the authors say that entertainment has considerably changed in form but also in background. The objectives and reasons that characterize it are not comparable to those of its beginning.
The Past as a Spectacle
Authors: Tüzün Selin , Sen Aygun
Published: August 2014

Television plays an important role in shaping our perception of the past. Popular television fiction selects, alters, and reinterprets the past in order to appeal to a broad audience. The Magnificent Century (2011–present) is one such television drama, which unfolds during the reign of the Ottoman Sultan, Suleiman the Magnificent. The show, which is the most expensive Turkish television drama to date, promises its audience a spectacle. It has proven a huge success domestically and as of 2013 has been syndicated in 46 other countries. The show's success has been commodified both officially and unofficially. However, this is not to say that it receives unanimous acclaim, even in Turkey. It has provoked controversy due to the representation both of the period and of Suleiman himself. This chapter reflects on the implications of a historical-fiction television series for the contemporary social and political spheres.
Historical Epic as a Genre in Popular Turkish Cinema
Authors: Gulcur Ala Sivas
Published: August 2014

Cinema, born as a part of entertainment industry, became an independent industry in the first half of 20th century. The film genre, which had a notable role in the industrialization of cinema, is not only a cinematic fact but also a social case including several economic, cultural, and ideological tools. The historical epic, which is one of the major film genres, emerged with the medium itself. Despite its Italian origins, the historical epic has remained largely American because of Hollywood's financial and technological possibilities. As the spectacular nature of this genre has been more visible than historical realities, these films have become notable parts of the entertainment industry. This chapter examines the historical epic as a film genre in popular Turkish cinema and its place in Turkey's entertainment culture and industry, particularly observing its prototype, The Conquest of Constantinople (1951), then evaluating its advanced example, Conquest 1453 (2012).
Leisure Time Marketing in the Context of the Entertainment Industry
Authors: Cengel Ozgur , Oztek Yaman
Published: August 2014

Leisure time marketing is a big concern and an effective field of study in today's business environment due to the fact that emerging trends and applications may be applied. In this chapter, the concept of leisure time marketing is being revealed as well as its importance to marketers. Evidence from literature is included in this manner. In addition, several initiatives and implications have been debated by the putting the main focus on theory and practice of leisure time activities. Emerging marketing aspects and strategies are introduced as a means to satisfy the need of the target market in this field of study. Competitive dimensions of leisure time marketing are also noted in an attempt to meet the goal of exceeding the expectations of the market and its dynamics. Finally, a leisure time marketing categorization model is discussed.
Eatertainment
Authors: Şahinoğlu D. Zeynep Bayazıt , Yıldırım Figen
Published: August 2014

Lateral thinking is a latent power that requires only a change in mental attitude and is mostly described as a type of thinking that is unconventional. The nature of lateral thinking inspires marketers, mostly retailers, to use lateral techniques in order to find innovative marketing offerings, especially in the area of recreation of consumers' leisure times. Eatertainment, one of the lateral retail offerings, is the most popular idea in the Turkish Entertainment Sector. Eatertainment, which covers dining and entertaining needs at the same time with the same cost to the customer, fits consumers' desires for maximizing their utilities. The purpose of this chapter is to understand the eatertainment business and view previous innovative offerings to visualize the future strategies due to consumer trends. An in-depth interview is conducted with one of the important eatertainment retailers, which is supported by a situational analysis of the Turkish Eatertainment Sector.
Equity Policy and Knowledge in Australian Higher Education
Authors: Brett Matthew
Published: August 2014

This chapter explores the role of knowledge within Australian higher education policy with specific emphasis on student equity. The Australian higher education system is designed to pursue teaching-, research-, and equity-related objectives. Teaching- and research-related objectives are broadly and successfully fulfilled through policy and funding, which facilitates these activities. Equity-related objectives are broadly pursued by policy and funding that aims to change the composition of staff and student populations engaged in teaching and research. Progress towards policy objectives of equity of access and participation remains elusive. This chapter examines the prominence of tacit and explicit forms of knowledge within equity policy as a factor in the efficacy of equity policy. Through examining Australian higher education equity policy through a knowledge-centric lens, elements of equity group-specific policy are found to have broader utility, with implications for policy design and reform.
A Rhetoric of Certainty
Authors: Smith Dorothy
Published: August 2014

The past decade has seen increasingly tightly specified graduate outcomes for undergraduate and postgraduate teacher education courses across much of the developed world. These outcomes potentially have the power to describe what ought to be seen as the proper sphere of school education. In this chapter, the author draws upon education policy documents, state education regulations, and parliamentary reports to write about common sense accounts of the goals and purposes of compulsory state schooling and the regulation of pre-service teacher education in universities. The author considers the implications of these accounts for teacher professionalism and argues for a more visible assertion of the complexity of education. Finally, the author considers the implications of this recommendation for pre-service teacher education in universities.
Inclusive Growth in Higher Education
Authors: Brown Mike
Published: August 2014

Much effort has been expended on developing pathways, articulation, and credit for Vocational Education and Training (VET) graduates seeking access and partial credit within a Higher Education (HE) course. In this chapter, the author discusses whether the policy settings of “inclusive growth” associated with the post-Bradley era in Australian higher education provides an opportunity to enact the recognition of fair and just learning equivalence for VET graduates who are seeking to participate in further studies within higher education. It is argued that VET graduates have not always been considered equally and consistently by HE providers; however, the operationalizing of current policy settings may rectify this through the implementation of fair and consistent processes. It is proposed that the inclusion of VET graduates into HE has the potential to make a positive contribution to a more inclusive and broader notion of knowledge and which leads to a richer educational experience for all.
A Fourth Wave of Education for Sustainability (EfS) in Higher Education
Authors: Brown Mike
Published: August 2014

Education for Sustainability (EfS) in Higher Education (HE) is described as developing through three waves. These are overviewed in this chapter and given due acknowledgement but are shown to fall short of what is needed going forward. Consequently, a fourth wave of EfS in HE is proposed. The fourth wave of EfS in HE needs to be directed at the collaborative project of constructing “sustainable universities” (Sterling, Maxey, & Luna, 2013). The concept of “neo-sustainability” (Farley & Smith, 2014) is adopted as the basis of this next wave, as is the three nested rings model of sustainability. The argument for a strategy to educate the HE educators is outlined. It is suggested that contemporary global and local sustainability issues need to become part of student engagement within all HE courses. Finally, effort needs to be exerted by HE lecturers to develop pedagogical practices that align to the aims and principles of EfS.
The Travelling Rose
Authors: Visch Valentijn , Mulder Ingrid , Bos Wessel , Prins Richard
Published: August 2014

The persuasive game, Travelling Rose, aims to enhance walking activities of elderly residents living in neighbourhoods characterized by a low socioeconomic status. The game consists of a wooden pass-on box containing user-reports and instructions on how to find a companion, how to generate a surprise together, how to give this surprise a fellow neighbourhood member, and how to pass on the Travelling Rose box. The persuasive catch of the Travelling Rose is present when the companions are generating the surprise and are instructed to take a walk in the neighbourhood for easing social communication and flourishing creative ideas. In this chapter, the design process leading to the final version of the Travelling Rose is described, involving user studies, concept testing, and iterative prototyping. Secondly, the final prototype is presented and framed using the theoretical Persuasive Game Design model.
Rhetoric of Game
Authors: Tran Ben
Published: August 2014

The Tavistock method, commonly known as group relations, was originated from the work of British psychoanalyst Wilfred Ruprecht Bion. The Tavistock method's basic premise is that an aggregate cluster of persons becomes a group when interaction between members occurs. Within a group, there is organizational politics, and there are two features of organizational politic that should be considered when investigating its relationships with employee attitudes and behaviors. First, perceptions are more important than reality. Second, organizational politics may be interpreted as either beneficial or detrimental to an individual's well-being. Thus, organizational politics perceptions may result in differing responses to organizational policies and practices depending on whether politics are viewed as an opportunity or as a threat. How well one survives within an organization is correlated with how well one navigates these organizational politics. The Tavistock method is utilized as a game to assess and train individuals on organizational politics.
The Evolution of Trust in Japan
Authors: Daidj Nabyla
Published: August 2014

Research on corporate ownership in Japan focus mainly on corporate networks: horizontal and vertical keiretsu. Horizontal keiretsu are networks of firms whose small individual equity stakes in each other collectively sum to control blocks structured around a main bank. Vertical (manufacturing) keiretsu are similar structures that encompass the suppliers and customers of a single large firm. Vertical networks, representative of long-lasting and stable relationships (especially in the Japanese car industry), are undergoing drastic changes. Many authors insist there have been significant changes observed within keiretsu since the end of the 1990s. To have a better understanding of the evolution of trust within keiretsu, it is necessary to analyse its industrial organisation evolution. The authors first situate the Japanese organisational structure and then present a review of the main stages of the change that has affected vertical keiretsu, together with the factors that have contributed to this change. Finally, they analyse the evolution of trust within keiretsu. The authors illustrate the evolution of keiretsu via a case study: the Nissan keiretsu closely related to the Renault-Nissan alliance.
Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Turbulent Business Environments using Critical Organizational Capabilities and Resources to Manage Complexity
Authors: Pollalis Yannis A.
Published: August 2014

In today's turbulent economic conditions, some organizations are able to sustain their competitive positioning while others, with similar capital and technological resources, seem to struggle to survive. In addition, more and more firms seem to adopt strategies that focus primarily on their internal strengths, capabilities, and competencies, while others seem to depend more on external forces to shape their strategies, such as competition, economies of scale, and technological demands. In this chapter, the author argues that in unstable business environments the integration of internal and external perspectives of strategy formulation is necessary for a firm to sustain advantages for long. The proposed model presents four stages of corporate strategy development: Scouting, Maintenance, Dominance, and Appraisal. The chapter utilizes the concepts of Critical Success Factors (CSFs) and Critical Resources (CRs), describes its applicability by using two cases of companies that adopted similar long-run strategies, and finally offers implications for strategic management and planning practitioners.
The Role of Brand Management in Emerging Markets
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: August 2014

This chapter introduces the role of brand management in emerging markets, thus explaining the concepts of brand management system, corporate branding, brand performance, brand equity, brand awareness, perceived brand quality, brand association, and brand loyalty; the importance of brand strategy in emerging markets; and brand relationships toward effective brand management. Firms in emerging markets should take consideration of their brand management system, corporate branding, brand performance, brand equity, brand awareness, perceived brand quality, brand association, and brand loyalty in order to effectively achieve business success in emerging markets based on the conditions of their organizational structure, environment, and marketing contexts. Developing a good brand relationship is essential for brand management in emerging markets. Firms in emerging markets should recognize the importance of brand constructs (i.e., brand management system, corporate branding, brand performance, brand equity, brand awareness, perceived brand quality, brand association, and brand loyalty) and need to put more marketing efforts in building brand management system in order to enhance the marketing performance and achieve business goals in the global marketing environment.
How is Internal Marketing Understood?
Authors: Ozuem Wilson , Limb Natalie
Published: August 2014

The service industry and business-to-business companies have remained at the forefront of studies into internal marketing due to the close contact between employees and customers in such companies. Marketers and industry experts have shown particular interest to the supermarket sector over the past years due to the varied fluctuations in performance that have been reported. Consumers have negligible switching costs and the threat of substitute products is high, with little product differentiation. Therefore, there is the opportunity to create sustainable competitive advantage through intangible offerings. As of yet, there is little evidence supporting benefits of internal market orientation in the food retail industry. One reason for this may be the difficulty of measuring its benefits in such a context. Although the UK food retail industry has been extensively researched, researchers are yet to address it properly in regard to internal market orientation. This chapter examines it from a stakeholder perspective.
Tourism Promotion through Web
Authors: Ray Nilanjan , Das Dillip Kumar , Chaudhuri Somnath
Published: August 2014

This chapter studies the application of information technology in tourism promotion, particularly through Internet. In the context of tourism management, this chapter penetrates different usage of Web technology to disseminate maximum level of information for tourism promotion. This chapter is designed to determine the conditions of Websites as well as application of different application of Web technology like Virtual Reality (VR), CRS, etc. used in tourism promotion to identify the obstacles faced in this type of promotion via Web. The chapter adopts a survey from 200 respondents. Collected data is analyzed through different statistical tools like correlation analysis, simple average method, and Cronbach Alfa for reliability of the data. The results show that tourism promotion through the Web helps to increase competition as well as tourism demand if Web design helps to disseminate information about the tourism offers to the tourists' desire. Both sexes consider the Website design as a means helps to ensure the information veracity of tourism offers. The chapter recommends continuing development of the role of tourism promotion through the Internet in spreading information about tourism offers, so as to achieve the greatest possible benefits. This study also indicates how to develop and upgrade Web for promotion of tourism information and offer better tourism service excellence, while promoting less popular tourist spots.
Electrotextiles
Authors: Priniotakis Georgios
Published: August 2014

During the last decade, the textile Industry in Europe collapsed due to the competition with the low labor countries. The textile industry in Europe refused to adapt to the new market conditions. The competitive advantage of the design and the quality were not enough to keep it in the leading position. Nevertheless, in the last few years, the textile industry has completely changed. New products have been launched in the market. Electrotextiles is one of them: a new category of textile products that has conducting properties contrary to the traditional textile products but keeps the “textile” properties like softness, lightness, and “washableness.” Fabric is the best intermediary between the human being and a computer. Fabrics and cloths are almost all the time in contact with our body. Therefore, they can “feel” us and “cure” us. A fabric can also cover a large space, having low weight and cost, so it could be perfect if it can have electrical properties and work as photovoltaic. This chapter explores electrotextiles.
The Intellectual Structure in Brands and Branding Research
Authors: He Jiaxun , Wang Cheng Lu
Published: August 2014

This chapter is based on a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the 30 most-cited articles (adjusting to the length of publication time) on brands and branding, retrieved from the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) database (1975-2008). Following the multidimensional scaling method and social network analysis, the results demonstrate five major subareas, which are characterized with different but interrelated intellectual structures. Among the selected core literature, a few theoretical or empirical articles play a key role in incubating or developing a research paradigm. Based on the analysis results, the authors observe that those five major domains and a relatively small number of seminal papers have important impacts on shaping the research paradigm with a lasting effect on future research directions. On the other hand, the authors argue that existing research on brands and branding has been dominantly focused on Western developed countries while brand management issues in emerging markets have been largely ignored and therefore deserve special attention in future research.
“Home Base” and the Brand Globalization Strategies of Emerging Market Multinationals
Authors: Lin Xiaohua , Farrell Carlyle
Published: August 2014

This chapter examines the impact of the “home base” of Emerging Market Multinationals (EMMNEs) on their global branding strategy. While EMMNEs are perceived as lacking experience and competence in global branding, especially when competing in Western developed markets, they achieve non-traditional competitive advantages by levering knowledge and experience gained from their home base (i.e. their home country market), other institutionally similar emerging markets, and diaspora communities in foreign countries. Informed by three theoretical perspectives—dynamic capability, institutional proximity, and social embeddedness—the authors develop a conceptual model to explain these effects and illustrate their propositions with a number of case studies.
How Consumer Mindset Response and Long-Term Marketing Effectiveness Differ in Emerging vs. Mature Markets
Authors: Erguncu Selin , Yildirim Gokhan
Published: August 2014

This chapter develops a conceptual framework based on different dynamics in consumer attitudes. Empirical analysis seeks to illustrate this framework with emerging and mature market data for the same brands over the same time period. The results generate important implications, especially for brand management in emerging markets. First, the emotional brand connection, judged so important in mature markets, is substantially less important than securing the brand's spot in the consumers' consideration set. Second, emerging market consumers are more willing to seek out distribution channels for their brands, reducing the “compromised choice” due to less-than-perfect distribution coverage. Third, price is a double-edged sword in emerging markets: a high price benefits sales through consideration but hurts sales through liking. The net impact of these influences shapes the long-run sales effects of marketing. In particular, long-run advertising and price elasticity is higher, while long-run distribution elasticity is lower in emerging markets compared to mature markets.
Branding and CSR in Indian Agribusiness
Authors: Raj Anup
Published: August 2014

Indian agribusiness firms are facing increased challenges to manage their corporate brand because many negative implications of agribusiness activities on society are now under public scrutiny. Agribusiness firms are being blamed for environmental degradation, use of excess fertilizers and pesticides, and for promoting unhealthy foods. Such issues pose challenges to corporate brand building efforts of agribusiness firms. In recent years, the Indian agribusiness sector is witnessing a growing trend of using CSR activities to attenuate such negative impacts of agribusiness activities on the corporate brand building efforts of agribusiness firms. This chapter, through theoretical and empirical literature, explores the emerging brand-CSR relationship and uses of CSR as corporate branding strategies in the context of Indian agribusiness firms. The chapter highlights that instead of the traditional community-oriented CSR activities, key beneficiaries-oriented strategic CSR initiatives could be the way forward for sustainable corporate branding strategies in agribusiness.
The Building and Management of the Nation Brand
Authors: Wilczak Agnieszka , Skorek Monika
Published: August 2014

The primary goal of this chapter is to analyze the issue of building and management of a brand based on the example of the nation brand of Poland. This chapter consists of two complementary parts: theoretical and empirical. The starting point for a theoretical discussion is to show the specificity of the nation brand in relation to the corporate brand. The above-mentioned issues are presented through the key theories and models based on the literature studies. The second part of this chapter is empirical and was based on the case study of building the brand for Poland. Poland, as one of the first countries in Central Europe, took on the challenge to build the nation brand. This program, although modified several times, has been carried out since the beginning of 1990s in the last century to the present day. The empirical part of this chapter focuses not only on describing the actions taken but also on showing their effects.
Appellation of Origin Brands in China
Authors: Niu Yongge , Wang Cheng Lu
Published: August 2014

Appellation of origin brands are largely based on the geographical characteristics where the products may possess certain unique features due to suitable climate and abundant natural resources, but are also derived from historical heritage that a particular place is well known for its unique product and production. Therefore, such brands are typically named based on two components: the geographic designation and the product. For centuries, it has become a common practice in China that a producer uses its product place part of its brand name. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the Chinese Appellation of Origin Brands (AOBs), particularly exploring their unique characteristics, their development process, and the environmental factors that influence their brand performance.
The Mobile is Part of a Whole
Authors: Manda Tiwonge Davis , Sanner Terje Aksel
Published: August 2014

A challenge with mHealth in developing countries is that implementations are frequently treated as standalone solutions. Implementations fail because they are not sufficiently aligned with existing health information infrastructures (II). An interesting tool for evaluating implementation efforts in the context of the overall health II strategy, and thus potentially useful for identifying and mitigating risks, is the Bootstrap strategy. Bootstrapping is concerned with addressing take-off challenges facing novel solution implementations through incremental progression, resource maximization, mutual learning, and complexity mitigation. Although the strategy has been previously employed in retrospect to explain how implementation take-off challenges can be alleviated, less is known about its effectiveness as a tool for real time implementation risk assessment. Drawing on an action research mHealth project in Malawi, the study confirms bootstrapping as an effective tool for risk assessment, although the case also reveals that it may not always be easy to mitigate risks identified.
Using Mobile Technology to Address the ‘Three Delays' to Reduce Maternal Mortality in Zanzibar
Authors: Deussom Rachel Hoy , Mitchell Marc , Ruben Julia Dae
Published: August 2014

The hallmark article by Thaddeus and Maine (1994) presented a framework to reducing maternal mortality by addressing the delays: (1) deciding to seek care; (2) reaching care; and (3) receiving adequate care. This project developed a phone-based system used by traditional birth attendants to address the three delays in two districts in rural Zanzibar. Mobile phones provided: clinical algorithms to screen pregnant mothers for danger signs; phone numbers and mobile banking to arrange and pay for transportation; and contacts for health facility staff to alert them of referrals. 938 mothers participated in the “mHealth for Safer Deliveries” project. The intervention achieved a 71.0% facility delivery rate in the project zone, compared to the regional average of 32.0% (NBS and ICF Macro, 2011). This project demonstrated the effectiveness of mobile technology in addressing childbirth's three delays and its potential to impact maternal mortality in low-income countries.
A Smart Card Based Software System for Surgery Specialties
Authors: Konstantopoulos Nektarios , Syrimpeis Vasileios , Moulianitis Vassilis , Panaretou Ioannis , Aspragathos Nikolaos , Panagiotopoulos Elias
Published: August 2014

This paper presents a software system based on smart cards technology for recording, monitoring and studying patients of any surgery specialty (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Neurosurgery, etc). The system is also suitable for the computerization of any surgery specialty clinic and the respective surgical material repositories. Dynamic customization functions adapt the system to the different characteristics of the surgery specialties. Special customization is involved concerning implantable materials. The .NET platform and Java Cards used for the development of the system and the architectural model of the system are designed towards satisfying the basic integration and interoperability issues. The developed system is “doctor-friendly” because it is based on classifications and knowledge grouping used in every day clinical practice provided from medical experts on the field but is not intended to be a complete Electronic Medical Record (EMR). The major scope of this effort is the development of a system that offers a fast and easy installable, low cost solution in health environments still immature in adopting solutions based exclusively on Informatics and is designed to be installed in small Private Medical Consulting Rooms to Community Clinics, Health Centers, Hospital Surgery Departments till Central Health Organizations.