bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application and parameterization of a one‐dimensional multifluid population balance model to bubble columns
Authors: Breit Ferdinand , Weibel Christian , von Harbou Erik
Published: April 2024

A one‐dimensional (1D) multifluid population balance model approach is presented as a compromise between computational effort and accuracy. The approach is used to test process scenarios, perform sensitivity analysis, and provide a reliable reactor scale‐up and optimization tool. The article focuses on a mini‐plant batch bubble column, where the scale‐up behavior in terms of bubble column height, gas flux, and composition of the liquid phase is investigated. Although simplifications were made, the model requires calibration to experimental data using different calibration methods. An optimal calibration procedure is found that minimizes experimental effort while maximizing scalability. The model was tested on various liquid‐phase compositions, and it was found to reproduce experimental data accurately. However, the model cannot reproduce flow regime changes and does not perform well across substance systems. The study shows that the applied 1D multifluid population balance approach is a valuable and reliable tool in multiphase reactor scale‐up and optimization.
The effect of different solvents on the formation of large‐area MOF membranes
Authors: Zhou Fan , Chen Yanling , Zhang Zhengqing , Gu Zhenjie , Sun Yuxiu , Tong Minman , Yang Qingyuan , Dong Wenjun , Pan Yichang , Qiao Zhihua , Zhong Chongli
Published: April 2024

Metal–organic framework (MOF) membranes are widely used in gas separation processes. However, the effect of solvents on the formation of large‐area MOF membranes, which directly influences separation performance, has rarely been investigated. In this study, three solvents (methanol, ethanol, and water) were selected to systematically investigate their effects on the zeolite imidazolium frameworks (ZIF) membrane formation via experimental validation and simulations. The results indicated that the solvent selection influenced crystallization rate, crystal size, and ZIF‐8 membrane formation ability. Particularly, when water was used as a solvent, slow nucleation and crystallization of the ZIF‐8 crystals were observed, resulting in a more complete crystal structure and a thinner ZIF‐8 membrane. Therefore, the ZIF‐8 membrane exhibited a gas permeance of 10,000 gas permeation unit and enhanced CO2/N2 selectivity. Furthermore, ZIF‐8 membrane with a surface area of 2400 cm2 and spiral‐wound membrane modules were developed, paving the way for large‐scale industrial production.
Assembly‐Induced Dynamic Structural Color in a Host‐Guest System for Time‐Dependent Anticounterfeiting and Double‐Lock Encryption
Authors: Ji Yufan , Song Tianfu , Yu Haifeng
Published: April 2024

Manipulation of periodic micro/nanostructures in polymer film is of great importance for academics and industrial applications in anticounterfeiting. However, with the increasing demand on information security, materials with time‐dependent features are urgently required, especially the material where the same information can appear more than once on the time scale. Here, one concise strategy to realize time‐dependent anticounterfeiting and “double‐lock” information encryption based on a host‐guest system is proposed, with one photoresponsive azopolymer as the host and one liquid‐crystalline molecule as the guest. The system exhibits a tunable mass transport in pre‐designed periodic micro/nanostructures by tailoring the process of cis‐to‐trans recovery of azo groups and assembly of mesogenic trans‐isomers, resulting in a dynamic structural color in film. Taking advantage of this extraordinary feature, time‐dependent dynamic anticounterfeiting has been achieved. More importantly, the time of each state's appearance in the whole process can be modulated by changing the host‐guest ratio. Combining the manipulatable process of mass transport with the unique decoding method, the stored information in film can be decrypted correctly. This work provides an unprecedented dynamic approach for advanced anticounterfeiting technology with a higher level of security and high‐end applications in information encryption.
Overcoming Electrostatic Interaction via Pulsed Electroreduction for Boosting the Electrocatalytic Urea Synthesis
Authors: Qiu Weibin , Qin Shimei , Li Yibao , Cao Ning , Cui Weirong , Zhang Zedong , Zhuang Zechao , Wang Dingsheng , Zhang Yong
Published: April 2024

Electrocatalytic urea synthesis under ambient conditions offers a promising alternative strategy to the traditional energy‐intensive urea industry protocol. Limited by the electrostatic interaction, the reduction reaction of anions at the cathode in the electrocatalytic system is not easily achievable. Here, we propose a novel strategy to overcome electrostatic interaction via pulsed electroreduction. We found that the reconstruction‐resistant CuSiOx nanotube, with abundant atomic Cu−O−Si interfacial sites, exhibits ultrastability in the electrosynthesis of urea from nitrate and CO2. Under a pulsed potential approach with optimal operating conditions, the Cu−O−Si interfaces achieve a superior urea production rate (1606.1 μg h−1 mgcat.−1) with high selectivity (79.01 %) and stability (the Faradaic efficiency is retained at 80 % even after 80 h of testing), outperforming most reported electrocatalytic synthesis urea catalysts. We believe our strategy will incite further investigation into pulsed electroreduction increasing substrate transport, which may guide the design of ambient urea electrosynthesis and other energy conversion systems.
MRI Probes for In Vivo Aldehyde Sensing
Authors: Kirby Alexia , Suchý Mojmír , Shuhendler Adam J.
Published: April 2024

Endogenous aldehydes are produced via tightly regulated metabolic processes and are rapidly cleared by aldehyde dehydrogenases. However, dysregulation of these processes leads to accumulation of toxic aldehydes in affected tissues, resulting in electrophilic stress forming pathogenic DNA‐ and protein‐adducts. The highly reactive aldehydes contribute to numerous pathologies including traumatic brain injury, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and fibrosis. Due to their transient nature and electrophilicity, the development of molecular imaging probes with the ability to trap and detect aldehydes in vivo remains a challenge. Herein, two classes of aldehyde‐mapping MRI probes are discussed: (1) gadolinium and manganese‐containing macrocyclic MRI agents targeting extracellular aldehydes produced during active tissue fibrosis, and (2) metal‐free hydrazoCEST‐MRI agents for total intracellular aldehyde detection. This comprehensive review outlines the development, mechanisms, and potential applications of diverse MRI probes targeting aldehydes, aiming to advance non‐invasive diagnostic tools, disease staging, and therapeutic interventions in multiple pathologies.
Isopropanolamine‐modified ammonium polyphosphate for improved flame retardancy of epoxy resin
Authors: Zou Yingbing , Shi Junjie , Cui Wenqi , Shi Zhehang , Yang Shuguang , Luo Fubin , Li Hongzhou
Published: April 2024

In this work, the flame retardant ISA‐APP, obtained by modification of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with isopropanolamine (ISA), was employed in epoxy resins (EP) in an attempt to enhance the fire resistance of EP. The findings indicate that, with an incorporation of 20 wt% ISA‐APP in the EP, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of EP/ISA‐APP attains 33.5%, accompanied by a UL‐94 test V‐0 rating. This performance surpasses the flame retardancy observed in EP/APP composites at equivalent content. The outcomes derived from the cone calorimeter test (CCT) demonstrate that EP/ISA‐APP significantly suppresses the release of heat, generation of smoke, and emission of noxious gas during EP/ISA‐APP combustion. The peak‐heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of EP/ISA‐APP are decreased by 74.4% and 63.6%, respectively, compared to pure EP. Further analysis of the char residues of EP/ISA‐APP shows that the POC structure generated during combustion effectively contributes to a high‐quality char layer formation. This investigation presents a viable approach for enhancing flame retardant and economic benefits of APP and advancing the development of highly effective flame retardants.
Impact of the functionalized clay nanofillers on the properties of the recycled polyethylene terephthalate nanocomposites
Authors: Kostenko Mariia , Stetsyshyn Yurij , Harhay Khrystyna , Melnyk Yuriy , Donchak Volodymyr , Gubriy Zoriana , Kracalik Milan
Published: April 2024

Polymer nanocomposites, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET)‐clay systems, leverage intricate interactions between components to fine‐tune their thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties. In our study, we functionalized montmorillonite clay nanofillers (CloisiteNa+) to fabricate recycled PET‐clay nanocomposites. The nanofillers underwent a three‐step functionalization process, involving the treatment with (3‐Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), the grafting of initiating coatings (multifunctional peroxide initiator, [MPI]) onto clay/APTES, and the subsequent fabrication of grafted brushes using poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) or poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA). The functionalization process and the properties of the modified clay were successfully confirmed through Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The fabrication of nanocomposites, incorporating both clay and functionalized clay, influenced the thermal behavior of the composites, whereas the nanofillers had no discernible impact on the flow temperature. The PET and nanocomposites exhibited liquid viscoelastic behavior, with the exception of PET with clay, which displayed shear‐thinning and “rubber‐like” behavior. Rheological curves and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated improved dispersion and compatibility for clay/APTES and clay functionalized with PBA‐grafted brushes within the PET matrix. In some instances, the utilization of functionalized clay resulted in enhanced compatibility and customized properties in PET‐organoclay nanocomposites compared with conventional fillers. These findings bear implications for a broad spectrum of applications involving PET‐organoclay nanocomposites.
Evaluation of the effect of the incorporation of poly(lactic acid) and maleic anhydride in the thermoshrinkage of films from thermoplastic starch
Authors: Montilla‐Buitrago Camilo E. , Gómez‐López Rudy A. , Solanilla‐Duque José F. , Villada‐Castillo Héctor S.
Published: April 2024

Studies on the property of shape memory in thermoplastic starch (TPS) have shown good results, making such starch a suitable candidate for use in shrink packaging. It is however necessary to evaluate blending it with other bioplastics that would improve its properties while maintaining heat shrinkage. This article thus shows the evaluation of the incorporation of different concentrations of polylactic acid (PLA) and maleic anhydride (MA) as coupling agent and their effect on shrinkage and the changes in structure of the films obtained by blown film extrusion. In most of the blends, the incorporation of PLA and MA was found to favor film shrinkage, obtaining values of up to 55% due to the fact that the interaction between TPS and PLA increased with the incorporation of MA. This was corroborated by the % of MA grafted, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), rheological and structural tests. This allowed generating a greater molecular orientation of the films, thereby obtaining greater shrinkage. It was determined that the incorporation of PLA and % MA grafted generated good shrinkage results due to the physical and chemical crosslinking achieved in the processing of the blends in the presence of MA, enhancing their application as packaging.
Local age‐dependent neuromodulation in Rhodnius prolixus antennae
Authors: Lorenzo Marcelo Gustavo , Fernandes Gabriel da Rocha , Latorre‐Estivalis Jose Manuel
Published: April 2024

Kissing bugs do not respond to host cues when recently molted and only exhibit robust host‐seeking several days after ecdysis. Behavioral plasticity has peripheral correlates in antennal gene expression changes through the week after ecdysis. The mechanisms regulating these peripheral changes are still unknown, but neuropeptide, G‐protein coupled receptor, nuclear receptor, and takeout genes likely modulate peripheral sensory physiology. We evaluated their expression in antennal transcriptomes along the first week postecdysis of Rhodnius prolixus 5th instar larvae. Besides, we performed clustering and co‐expression analyses to reveal relationships between neuromodulatory (NM) and sensory genes. Significant changes in transcript abundance were detected for 50 NM genes. We identified 73 sensory‐related and NM genes that were assigned to nine clusters. According to their expression patterns, clusters were classified into four groups: two including genes up or downregulated immediately after ecdysis; and two with genes with expression altered at day 2. Several NM genes together with sensory genes belong to the first group, suggesting functional interactions. Co‐expression network analysis revealed a set of genes that seem to connect with sensory system maturation. Significant expression changes in NM components were described in the antennae of R. prolixus after ecdysis, suggesting that a local NM system acts on antennal physiology. These changes may modify the sensitivity of kissing bugs to host cues during this maturation interval.
Facile construction of gefitinib‐loaded zeolitic imidazolate framework nanocomposites for the treatment of different lung cancer cells
Authors: Aiyasamy Kalaivani , Ramasamy Malathi , Hirad Abdurahman Hajinur , Arulselvan Palanisamy , Jaganathan Ravindran , Suriyaprakash Jagadeesh , Thangavelu Indumathi , Alarfaj Abdullah A.
Published: April 2024

Gefitinib (GET) is a revolutionary targeted treatment inhibiting the epidermal growth factor receptor's tyrosine kinase action by competitively inhibiting the ATP binding site. In preclinical trials, several lung cancer cell lines and xenografts have demonstrated potential activity with GET. Response rates neared 25% in preclinical trials for non‐small cell lung cancer. Here, we describe the one‐pot synthesis of GET@ZIF‐8 nanocomposites (NCs) in pure water, encapsulating zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 (ZIF‐8). This method developed NCs with consistent morphology and a loading efficiency of 9%, resulting in a loading capacity of 20 wt%. Cell proliferation assay assessed the anticancer effect of GET@ZIF‐8 NCs on A549 and H1299 cells. The different biochemical staining (Calcein‐AM and PI and 4′,6‐Diamidino‐2‐phenylindole nuclear staining) assays assessed the cell death and morphological examination. Additionally, the mode of apoptosis was evaluated by mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψm) and reactive oxygen species. Therefore, the study concludes that GET@ZIF‐8 NCs are pledged to treat lung cancer cells.
Does pedagogical metamorphosis exist? Exploring the practices of primary school teachers at different stages of their careers
Authors: Colognesi Stéphane , Coppe Thibault , Leroux Louise , Wiertz Christine
Published: April 2024

Research has highlighted the advantages of specific practices for enhancing student learning. However, the adoption of these practices varies among teachers. This disparity raises fundamental questions: Why do certain teachers use these practices while others do not? Does the use of these practices depend on the career stage of the teachers? This paper analyses the practices adopted by teachers at different career stages. We used a mixed‐methods approach, combining a questionnaire (n = 300) and three focus group discussions (n = 13). The results revealed significant variability in the use of pedagogical practices among novice, experienced and senior teachers. Experienced and senior teachers demonstrate a deeper understanding of adapting teaching methods to student needs, establishing clear objectives and providing feedback. However, certain practices, such as metacognition, remain underused at all career stages. The study highlights the need for professional development concerning these practices, while emphasising the challenge of their implementation.
Corporate governance structure and climate‐related financial disclosure: Conventional banks versus Islamic banks
Authors: Simsek Rasim , Mollah Sabur , Tunyi Abongeh
Published: April 2024

This paper examines whether the different corporate governance structures of conventional banks (CBs) and Islamic banks (IBs) have varying effects on their respective climate‐related disclosure (CRD). Employing a unique dataset of CBs and IBs' CRD and corporate governance structures for the period of 2016–2019, we found that their respective corporate governance structures did indeed affect their CRD in different ways. Our findings suggest that CBs disclose more climate‐related information than IBs because IBs focus on Sharia compliance which does not emphasise the protection of the environment, while CBs may be more responsive to shareholders' and stakeholders' demands on climate and environment. These effects were stronger with the quality of governance, that is, CBs disclose more climate‐related information with the governance quality, while IBs disclose even less when their governance quality increases. The findings of this study have important implications for climate change, especially the Paris Accord and The 26th Meeting of the Conference of Parties (COP26). There are also policy implications for sustainable financial markets and the financial services sector.
Bayesian and deep‐learning models applied to the early detection of ovarian cancer using multiple longitudinal biomarkers
Authors: Abrego Luis , Zaikin Alexey , Marino Ines P. , Krivonosov Mikhail I. , Jacobs Ian , Menon Usha , Gentry‐Maharaj Aleksandra , Blyuss Oleg
Published: April 2024

Background

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal of all gynecological cancers. Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125) is the best‐performing ovarian cancer biomarker which however is still not effective as a screening test in the general population. Recent literature reports additional biomarkers with the potential to improve on CA125 for early detection when using longitudinal multimarker models.

Methods

Our data comprised 180 controls and 44 cases with serum samples sourced from the multimodal arm of UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS). Our models were based on Bayesian change‐point detection and recurrent neural networks.

Results

We obtained a significantly higher performance for CA125–HE4 model using both methodologies (AUC 0.971, sensitivity 96.7% and AUC 0.987, sensitivity 96.7%) with respect to CA125 (AUC 0.949, sensitivity 90.8% and AUC 0.953, sensitivity 92.1%) for Bayesian change‐point model (BCP) and recurrent neural networks (RNN) approaches, respectively. One year before diagnosis, the CA125–HE4 model also ranked as the best, whereas at 2 years before diagnosis no multimarker model outperformed CA125.

Conclusions

Our study identified and tested different combination of biomarkers using longitudinal multivariable models that outperformed CA125 alone. We showed the potential of multivariable models and candidate biomarkers to increase the detection rate of ovarian cancer.
Adrenal infarction with latent myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable with JAK2V617F mutation
Authors: Yasuda Shunichiro , Chiba Momoko , Nishitani Rie , Watanabe Takako
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Hematopoietic neoplasms can cause adrenal infarction. In cases of thrombosis occurring at uncommon sites, it is necessary to consider evaluating for the JAK2V617F mutation, even in the absence of notable abnormalities in blood counts.

Adrenal infarction, a rare ailment, has been sporadically linked to hematopoietic neoplasms. A 46‐year‐old male encountered left adrenal infarction, which coincided with a progressive rise in platelet counts. Subsequent diagnosis revealed myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm‐unclassifiable, featuring a JAK2V617F mutation. Simultaneously, the patient manifested multiple arteriovenous thromboses, necessitating treatment with edoxaban, aspirin, and hydroxyurea. Following thrombosis resolution, he was transferred to a transplantation center. This report delves into the thrombogenicity linked to the JAK2V617F mutation, while also examining documented instances of adrenal infarction in myeloid neoplasms. We should consider evaluating for JAK2V617F mutation even in cases of thrombosis at unusual sites, including adrenal infarction, even if there are no considerable abnormalities in blood counts.
Candida endophthalmitis and Candida pneumonia after trans‐urethral lithotripsy: A case report
Authors: Hakamifard Atousa , Khorvash Farzin , Hajiahmadi Somayeh , Eskandari Yasaman
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Invasive candidiasis may be one of the serious complications of transurethral lithotripsy. Candiduria before this procedure should be assessed, and antifungals should be prescribed.

This case is about a 44‐year‐old diabetic female patient who, after trans‐urethral lithotripsy with double‐J stent insertion, was diagnosed with Candida pneumonia and Candida endophthalmitis.
Multimodal imaging findings of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder
Authors: Chen Guiwu , Leng Xiaoling , Yu Su , Liu Wenqin , Liao Xiaomin
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Sarcomatoid carcinoma, a rare and aggressive subtype of bladder cancer, accounting for 0.3% of cases, is more aggressive than urothelial carcinomas. Accurate diagnosis, crucial for treatment, can be challenging. We present a characterized case of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder using multimodal imaging and pathology.
Neglected Fungating Giant basal cell carcinoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Karki Susmin , Parajuli Asmita , Bhattarai Bhawesh , Kumari Khusbu , Harrylal Kayleigh Anjali , Bhatta Pramish , K. C. Milan , Sharma Samit
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Gaint fungating BCC is rare and aggressive. Early health‐seeking behavior may result in positive outcomes.

Fungating giant basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a rare and aggressive form of BCC infrequently reported in the literature. We present a giant BCC case in an old female from a rural area with a poor socioeconomic profile.
Influence of Ylide Functionalization on the Catalytic Performance of Ferrocenyldiphosphines in Au(I)‐Catalyzed Hydroaminations and Hydrohydrazinations
Authors: Duari Prakash , Sarbajna Abir , Yu Cheng‐Han , Swamy V. S. V. S. N. , Feichtner Kai‐Stephan , Handelmann Jens , Gessner Viktoria H.
Published: April 2024

Ylide‐functionalized phosphines (YPhos) have been shown to yield highly active gold catalysts owing to their high donor capacity. To examine the impact of ylide functionalization on a given ligand structure, a series of ferrocenyl diphosphines functionalized with no, one or two ylide moieties and their corresponding bimetallic gold complexes were prepared. The complexes feature an anti‐conformation of the two phosphine moieties, guaranteeing the presence of two independent metal centers. Comparative studies of the complexes in the hydroamination and hydrohydrazination of alkynes revealed a significant increase in catalytic activity for each newly introduced ylide group. The di‐YPhos ligands were revealed to be the most active precatalysts, functioning effectively even at 0.1 or 0.2 mol % catalyst loading. This catalytic efficiency was demonstrated for a series of alkynes, amines and hydrazines.
Improving the Stability and Kinetic Inertness of Mn(II) Complexes by Increasing the Bridge Length in Bicyclic CDTA‐Like Ligands
Authors: Martinelli Jonathan , Romano Elisabetta , Laczovics Attila , Horváth David , Grattoni Elena , Baranyai Zsolt , Tei Lorenzo
Published: April 2024

Kinetic inertness of Mn(II)‐based MRI contrast agents can be improved by increasing the rigidity of the polydentate ligand that tightly coordinate the metal ion. Taking inspiration from the remarkable increase in kinetic inertness of [Mn(CDTA)]2− compared to [Mn(EDTA)]2− due to the cyclohexyl backbone rigidity, we devised that bicyclic ligands would further improve the kinetic inertness of the Mn(II) complexes. The length of the alkyl bridge on the cyclohexane ring was varied from methylene (BCH‐DTA), ethylene (BCO‐DTA) to propylene (BCN‐DTA) to evaluate the influence of the different trans‐diaminotetraacetate ligands on relaxometric, thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the Mn(II) complexes. 1H and 17O NMR relaxometric studies showed a slight increase in relaxivity and a faster water exchange rate in these Mn(II)‐complexes with respect to [Mn(CDTA)]2−. Solution studies revealed that the conditional stability (pMn) and dissociation half‐life (t1/2) at pH 7.4 follow the order [Mn(BCH‐DTA)]2−<[Mn(BCO‐DTA)]2−<[Mn(BCN‐DTA)]2− highlighting the effect of the bridge length on the overall stability of the Mn(II) complexes. Remarkably, [Mn(BCN‐DTA)]2− shows an improved pMn value and a 7‐times higher kinetic inertness than [Mn(CDTA)]2−. NMR studies on the Zn(II) analogues confirm the rigidity of the bicyclic complexes with an isomerization process at >313 K for the smaller bridged complex [Zn(BCH‐DTA)]2−.
Chemoselective Post‐Synthesis Modification of Pyridyl‐Substituted, Aromatic Phosphorus Heterocycles: Cationic Ligands for Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Dettling Lea , Papke Martin , Ernst Moritz J. , Weber Manuela , Müller Christian
Published: April 2024

Triazaphospholes are potential polydentate ligands due to the presence of both phosphorus and nitrogen donor atoms within the aromatic 5‐membered heterocycle. The incorporation of an additional pyridyl‐substituent opens up the possibility of a post‐synthesis modification via chemoselective and also stepwise alkylation exclusively of the nitrogen atoms. This can be controlled by the choice and by the stoichiometry of the electrophile and allows the targeted synthesis of a variety of novel mono‐ and dicationic ligands. Reaction with Cu(I)‐halides causes the formation of cuprates of the type [CuXn](n−1)−, which enables coordination of the π‐acidic phosphorus donor to the negatively charged metal core, which is favored over the coordination by a strongly σ‐donating nitrogen atom. The use of cationic triazaphosphole derivatives can be used as a strategy to enforce the coordination of the ligand to an electron rich metal solely via the phosphorus atom. However, there is a subtle balance between the formation of either coordination polymers or dimeric structures, as the substitution pattern on the heterocycle and the nature of the halide have a large influence on the coordination motifs formed.
Combined Covalent and Supramolecular Polymerization To Reinforce Perylenebisimide Photosynthetic “Quantasomes”
Authors: Ranscht Alisa , Rigodanza Francesco , Gobbato Thomas , Crea Ilaria , Quadrelli Elsje Alessandra , Canivet Jerome , Bonchio Marcella
Published: April 2024

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Marcella Bonchio at the University of Padova and Jérôme Canivet at the CNRS–University of Lyon. The image depicts the hierarchical self‐organization of bio‐inspired quantasomes, crosslinked within a polystyrene network to enchain their lateral and orthogonal proximity for long‐lasting oxygen evolution using green photons. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202303784.
Photoionization and Dissociative Photoionization of Acetaldehyde in the 10.0–13.7 eV Range by Synchrotron Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence Spectroscopy
Authors: Wu Xiangkun , Zhang Cuihong , Gu Xuejun , Fittschen Christa , Loison Jean‐Christophe , Roy Chowdhury Madhusree , Garcia Gustavo A. , Nahon Laurent , Tang Xiaofeng
Published: April 2024

Photoionization and dissociative photoionization of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) in the 10.0–13.7 eV energy range are studied by using synchrotron radiation double imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy (i2PEPICO). The X2A′ and A2A“ electronic states of CH3CHO+ as well as the Franck‐Condon gap region between these two states have been populated with several vibrational sequences and assigned in the high‐resolution slow photoelectron spectrum (SPES). The adiabatic ionization energies (AIEs) of the X2A′ and A2A” states are measured at 10.228±0.006 and 12.52±0.05 eV, respectively. The present results show that the X2A′ state is a stable state while the A2A“ state is fully dissociative to produce CH3CO+, CHO+ and CH4+ fragment ions. The 0 K appearance energies (AE0K) of CH3CO+ and CHO+ fragment ions are determined through the modeling of the breakdown diagram, i. e., AE0K(CH3CO+)=10.89±0.01 eV (including a reverse barrier of ~0.19 eV) and AE0K(CHO+)=11.54±0.05 eV. In addition, the dissociation mechanisms of CH3CHO+ including statistical dissociation, direct bond breaking and isomerization are discussed with the support of the calculated dissociation limits and transition state energies.
Effects of various beverages on characteristics of provisional restoration materials
Authors: Wayakanon Praween , Narakaew Teeraphan , Wayakanon Kornchanok
Published: April 2024

Objective

To investigate the effect of common beverages on four currently used provisional restoration materials: Protemp®4, Integrity®, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) block, and acrylic resin. Flowable resin composite is included as a control group.

Materials and Methods

Each material was formed into disks of 10‐mm diameter and 4‐mm thickness (N = 40) by loading the material into acrylic molds. The exposed surface in the mold was covered using a glass slide to prevent an oxygen inhibition layer, and polymerization then proceeded. The solidified disks were placed in distilled water for 24 h. These samples (n = 8) were then immersed for 14 days in one of four different beverages: water, orange juice, cola, and coffee. Changes in color dimension, hardness, and roughness were observed and then analyzed using two‐way repeated analysis of variance.

Results

The provisional materials had more obvious changes in all three color dimensions than the flowable resin composite. Integrity showed the biggest changes, followed by acrylic resin and PMMA block, whereas Protemp had the smallest changes. The hardness of all the materials significantly decreased after immersion in any of the beverages for 14 days. There were no changes in surface roughness when the materials were immersed in distilled water. The surface roughness of the PMMA block significantly decreased in orange juice whereas that of Integrity and acrylic resin significantly increased in cola.

Conclusion

Different kinds of provisional materials had different degrees of staining due to their composition. Moisture had a significant influence on the hardness of materials, and the acidity of cola significantly roughened the surface of the provisional materials.
The impact of corporate social responsibility on employee burnout: The crucial role of work overload
Authors: Kim Byung‐Jik , Jeon Nayoung , Sohn Harim , Lee Nahee , Kim Min‐Jik
Published: April 2024

The current study examines the intermediary procedures (mediators and moderators) which underlie the corporate social responsibility (CSR)‐employee burnout link. Burnout is a multifaceted psychological construct that has been widely explored in the academic literature and is related to important outcomes for individuals and organizations. Despite its significance, few studies have investigated the impact of CSR on burnout. The present research proposes that CSR diminishes employee burnout through the sequential mediation of psychological safety and job stress. Additionally, this paper proposes that work overload negatively moderates the influence of CSR on employee psychological safety. Survey data obtained from 413 South Korean workers over three‐waves were utilized, and structural equation modeling was used to test a moderated mediation model with related hypotheses. The findings demonstrated that CSR diminishes employee burnout via sequential mediation of psychological safety and job stress. Furthermore, work overload has a negative moderating influence on the association between CSR and psychological safety. The practical and theoretical implications of this research are described.
Corporate social responsibility in controversial industries: A literature review and research agenda
Authors: Jansen Linda , Cunningham Peggy , Diehl Sandra , Terlutter Ralf
Published: April 2024

This study reviews the extant literature about corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities of companies operating in controversial industries. We analyze 88 articles guided by the overall question of how such companies integrate CSR into their business practices, which topics are addressed, and what the effects of these engagements are on various stakeholders. We use Maon et al.'s (2009) integrative framework to structure our analysis and develop a research agenda. Our review suggests that controversial companies' motivations are not altruistic, but largely market‐based and reactive. No studies indicated that firm mission or values underpinned the motivation for undertaking CSR programs. We also found that the perspective of employees was underrepresented. Moreover, a large number of the articles (44.3%) in our dataset dealt with communication‐related topics, neglecting many other areas of the CSR process.
Cytomorphology of metastatic colonic MXD4::NUTM1‐rearranged sarcoma
Authors: Wilkinson Zachary Alan , Policarpio‐Nicolas Maria Luisa C.
Published: April 2024

This report describes the cytologic features of a recently described MXD4::NUTM1‐rearranged colonic sarcoma metastatic to the midclavicular soft tissue. Thirteen years ago, a 65‐year‐old woman presented with a cecal mass and subsequent liver mass. The cecal mass was diagnosed as malignant undifferentiated spindled and epithelioid neoplasm based on morphology and lack of tumor immunoreactivity with a panel of epithelial, smooth muscle, skeletal, melanoma, hematologic, and GIST markers. The liver mass showed morphologic and immunophenotypic similarity to the epithelioid component of the patient's cecal mass, albeit devoid of the spindled component. Fine needle aspiration of the midclavicular soft tissue mass showed singly scattered to clustered epithelioid to rhabdoid tumor cells with centrally to eccentrically located nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and moderate eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical stains performed on the concurrent biopsy showed the tumor cells were positive for NUT and negative for all other additional markers with retained normal expression of SMARCA2 and SMARCA4. Next‐generation sequencing showed the presence of MXD4::NUTM1 gene fusion. Due to the identical cytomorphologic findings with the epithelioid component of the patient's prior cecal and liver masses, the tumor was deemed as consistent with a NUTM1‐rearranged sarcoma. To our knowledge, this case represents the first reported cytologic features of a NUTM1‐rearranged sarcoma on fine needle aspiration. Familiarity with the cytologic features, inclusion of this entity in the differential diagnosis of tumors with epithelioid and/or rhabdoid morphology, and performance of ancillary tests (immunohistochemistry and molecular) will be helpful in arriving at the right diagnosis.
Examining the role of artificial intelligence to advance knowledge and address barriers to research in eating disorders
Authors: Norris Mark L. , Obeid Nicole , El‐Emam Khaled
Published: April 2024

Objective

To provide a brief overview of artificial intelligence (AI) application within the field of eating disorders (EDs) and propose focused solutions for research.

Method

An overview and summary of AI application pertinent to EDs with focus on AI's ability to address issues relating to data sharing and pooling (and associated privacy concerns), data augmentation, as well as bias within datasets is provided.

Results

In addition to clinical applications, AI can utilize useful tools to help combat commonly encountered challenges in ED research, including issues relating to low prevalence of specific subpopulations of patients, small overall sample sizes, and bias within datasets.

Discussion

There is tremendous potential to embed and utilize various facets of artificial intelligence (AI) to help improve our understanding of EDs and further evaluate and investigate questions that ultimately seek to improve outcomes. Beyond the technology, issues relating to regulation of AI, establishing ethical guidelines for its application, and the trust of providers and patients are all needed for ultimate adoption and acceptance into ED practice.

Public Significance

Artificial intelligence (AI) offers a promise of significant potential within the realm of eating disorders (EDs) and encompasses a broad set of techniques that offer utility in various facets of ED research and by extension delivery of clinical care. Beyond the technology, issues relating to regulation, establishing ethical guidelines for application, and the trust of providers and patients are needed for the ultimate adoption and acceptance of AI into ED practice.
Association Between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Dean Yomna E. , Motawea Karam R. , Aslam Muaaz , Pintado Jose J. Loayza , Popoola‐Samuel Helen A. O. , Salam Mohamed , Dundi Prashant Obed Reddy , Donaldy Webster , Aledani Esraa M. , Alqiqie Zaineh , Sultana Nazia , Mohamed Alaa Ramadan Hussein , Elalem Amir , Syeda Sidra Tahreem Hashmi , Mohamed Mai Saad , Assal Mazen W. , Attia Nada M. , Hagar Hanan , Abdelaziz Heba Ahmed , Subedi Anuj , Elbahaie Areeg , Hazimeh Yusef , Aiash Hani
Published: April 2024

Background

Previous meta‐analyses have shown mixed results regarding the association between eating disorders (EDs) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Our paper aimed to analyse different EDs and disordered eating behaviours that may be practiced by patients with T1DM.

Methods

A literature search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science was conducted on 17 January 2023, using the key terms “T1DM,” “Eating Disorders” and “Bulimia.” Only observational controlled studies were included. The Revman software (version 5.4) was used for the analysis.

Results

T1DM was associated with increased risk of ED compared with nondiabetic individuals (RR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.84–3.32, p‐value < 0.00001), especially bulimia nervosa (RR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.18–6.65, p‐value = 0.02) and binge eating (RR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.18–1.98, p‐value = 0.001). Our analysis has shown that increased risk of ED among T1DM persisted regardless of the questionnaire used to diagnose ED; DM‐validated questionnaires (RR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.91–4.12, p‐value < 0.00001) and generic questionnaires (RR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.27–3.23, p‐value = 0.003). Prevalence of insulin omission/misuse was 10.3%; diabetic females demonstrated a significantly higher risk of insulin omission and insulin misuse than diabetic males.

Conclusion

Our study establishes a significant and clear connection between EDs and T1DM, particularly bulimia and binge eating, with T1DM. Moreover, female diabetics are at higher risk of insulin misuse/omission. Early proactive screening is essential and tailored; comprehensive interventions combining diabetes and ED components are recommended for this population, with referral to a specialised psychiatrist.
Estimated pulse wave velocity and risk of new‐onset heart failure
Authors: Ji Chunpeng , Wang Guodong , Huang Zhe , Zhu Chenrui , Liu Yan
Published: April 2024

Aims

As a potential surrogate of carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity, estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) has been confirmed to independently predict the cardiovascular events, but the association between ePWV and heart failure has not been well confirmed. Therefore, we performed this cohort study to evaluate the association between ePWV and risk of new‐onset heart failure.

Methods and results

A total of 98 269 employees (mean age: 51.77 ± 12.56 years, male accounted for 79.9%) without prior heart failure who participated in the 2006–2007 health examination were selected as the observation cohort, with an average follow‐up of 13.85 ± 1.40 years. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of ePWV was calculated in prediction of heart failure. The adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The category‐free net reclassification index (NRI) was calculated to evaluate the reclassification performance of cardiovascular risk models after adding ePWV. The AUC of ePWV was 0.74 in prediction of heart failure. After adjusting for the traditional cardiovascular risk factors except for age and blood pressure, the risk of new‐onset heart failure increased by 35% [hazard ratio (HR): 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33–1.37] for each 1 m/s increase in ePWV. Subgroup analysis showed that ePWV was significantly associated with incident heart failure regardless of THE presence (HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.31–1.36, P < 0.01) or absence (HR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.46–1.73, P < 0.01) of cardiovascular risk factors, male (HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.31–1.36, P < 0.01) or female (HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.38–1.51, P < 0.01), young and middle‐aged (<52 years) (HR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.41–1.58, P < 0.01), or middle‐aged and elderly (≥52 years) (HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.21–1.26, P < 0.01). The addition of ePWV to the traditional cardiovascular risk model including age and mean arterial pressure could significantly improve the reclassification ability by 31.1% (category‐free NRI = 0.311, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

ePWV was an independent predictor for new‐onset heart failure.
Enhancing the Analysis of Eu3+ Photoluminescence in Coordination Compounds in the Solid State by Determining their Refractive Index
Authors: Sedykh Alexander E. , Maxeiner Moritz , Seuffert Marcel T. , Heuler Dominik , Kurth Dirk G. , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus
Published: April 2024

This study is focused on determining the refractive index as a crucial parameter for evaluating the intrinsic quantum yield and the ligand sensitisation efficiency in solid‐state trivalent lanthanide coordination compounds. For this, eight trivalent europium complexes with phenyl‐terpyridine ([EuX3(ptpy)(L)], X=Cl− or NO3−, ptpy=4′‐phenyl‐2,2′ : 6′,2′′‐terpyridine, L=H2O or other molecules) were examined. Their refractive indices were determined using the Becke lines test by immersing transparent material in a series of media with known refractive indices. Using the set of media presented here, determining crystalline materials′ refractive indices from 1.41 to 1.73 with a step of 0.01 is possible. Assessment of the refractive indices of the complexes mentioned above allowed a comprehensive analysis of their photophysical properties in the solid state. Moreover, this method can be extrapolated for other solid‐state materials, offering valuable insights in the broader field of photophysics. In addition to photoluminescence investigations, the compounds presented were characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), Hirschfeld surface area analysis, UV‐Vis reflectance spectroscopy, hydrolysis sensitivity analysis, and simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis coupled with mass‐spectrometry (STA‐MS).
Nickel‐Catalyzed Branch‐Selective C−H Alkylation of Indoles and Azoles with Alkenes: An Additive‐ and Solvent‐Free Approach
Authors: Ankade Shidheshwar B. , Banerjee Shuvajit , Punji Benudhar
Published: April 2024

The development of sustainable protocols for the synthesis of alkylated heteroarenes is crucial owing to their widespread existence in medicinally relevant and bioactive natural products. Herein, we describe an efficient, additive‐ and solvent‐free approach for the regioselective C−H alkylation of indoles and azoles with alkenes using a nickel catalyst, which proceeds through a chelation‐assistance strategy. The reaction exclusively provided branched alkylated products with the compatibility of alkyl, alkoxy, fluoro, trifluoromethyl, alkene, cyano, ester, and carbonyl groups. This protocol is applicable to other heteroarenes, such as imidazoles and benzimidazoles, providing the desired alkylated products with exclusive Markovnikov selectivity. The synthetic utility and scale‐up of the reaction are demonstrated, and the protocol is in concord with the principles of green chemistry. Alkylation proceeds through facile and reversible C−H nickelation and alkene insertion processes, presumably involving rate‐limiting reductive elimination.
Experimental and numerical studies on cyclic behavior of stiffened corrugated steel plate shear walls with different corrugation orientations
Authors: Feng Lifei , Yang Hanwen , Sun Tianshu , Ou Jinping
Published: April 2024

Corrugated steel plate shear walls (CSPSWs) can be applied to high‐rise building structures to serve as lateral load‐bearing and energy‐dissipating members. Arranging stiffeners on corrugated steel plates shows substantial potential to further improve the seismic performance of ordinary CSPSWs. This study experimentally and numerically investigated the hysteretic behavior of unstiffened and stiffened CSPSWs. Cyclic quasi‐static tests were conducted on four, 1/2‐scale, two‐story, single‐bay specimens with different corrugation orientations, including two specimens with unstiffened corrugated steel plates and two specimens installed with stiffened corrugated steel plates equipped with two pairs of stiffeners. According to the hysteretic curves of different specimens, the effects of corrugation orientations and arrangement of stiffeners were revealed in terms of the skeleton curves, energy‐dissipating capacity, and stiffness degradation. Then, finite element (FE) models, which were applied to gain a deeper understanding of the experimental results, were established, and validated against the test results. This study demonstrated that the arrangement of stiffeners was effective in improving the seismic performance of CSPSWs regarding the ultimate shear strength and energy‐dissipating capacity, while the influence of corrugation orientations on the performance of the specimens involved in this study could be ignored.
Seismic response analysis of single‐degree‐of‐freedom structure coupled with tuned self‐centering wall
Authors: Wu Hao , Ogail Emadeldin , Lu Zheng
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the possibility of using self‐centering walls (SCWs) as tuned mass dampers (TMDs) to control the seismic response of structures. The basic characteristics of this system are investigated using a two‐degree‐of‐freedom (2‐DOF) model, representing the main structure as a single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) oscillator interconnected with an SCW through viscous and elastic devices. The nonlinear equations of motion for the proposed coupled system are derived and then utilized to determine the displacement amplification response. The coupling parameters are optimized to minimize the dynamic response of the oscillator using a numerical method. A simulation study is conducted to investigate the response of the proposed system by considering six recorded earthquakes. Several parameters are studied, including the mass ratio, the influence of prestressing, and the slenderness angle of the wall. The displacement spectra are generated using the optimized parameters and compared to those of the uncoupled system and the traditional coupled system, which features a rigid connection between the structure and the wall. The results reveal that the proposed system effectively suppresses both maximum and root mean square responses of structures, outperforming the traditional coupled system in most cases. Improved performance for the proposed system can be achieved by increasing the wall's mass ratio and decreasing the slenderness angle. Moreover, prestressing has an adverse impact on the system's displacement response. Finally, the influence of wall flexibility is examined using a finite element model, revealing a minimal effect on the system's response.