bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: KOBALT(II)‐KOMPLEXE MIT TRIMETHYLPHOSPHINSELENID
Authors: BRODIE A. M. , RODLEY G. A. , WILKINS C. J.
Published: February 2016

Durch Reaktion stöchiometrischer Mengen des Liganden mit den Metallsalzen werden die Komplexe (I) und (II) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: VERGLEICH VON UND VERBESSERUNGEN IN DEN DARST. ‐METHODEN VON MY‐AMIDO‐ MY‐HYDROXO‐(UND VERWANDTEN) DIKOBALTKOMPLEXEN IN DER AMMIN‐ UND AETHYLENDIAMINREIHE
Authors: STEVENSON M. B. , SYKES A. G.
Published: February 2016

Eine verbesserte Methode stellt die gut verlaufende Reaktion des μ‐Peroxokomplexes (I) mit gasförmigem SO2 zum μ‐Sulfatokomplex (II) (90% Ausbeute) dar, der mit HCl den Chlorokomplex (III) liefert, der in den μ‐Hydroxokomplex (IV) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTITUTION DER NITROGRUPPEN IM CIS‐(DINITRO‐BIS‐(PHENANTHROLIN)‐KOBALT(III))‐KATION
Authors: PALADE D. M.
Published: February 2016

Durch Erwärmung des Dinitro‐Co(III)‐nitrates (I) mit wäßriger NaOH‐Lösung und Zusatz geeigneter K‐Salze werden in 60‐72%iger Ausbeute die Dihydroxo‐Co(III)‐Salze (II) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: PSEUDOTETRAEDRISCHE KOBALT(II)‐ UND NICKEL(II)‐ZWITTERION‐KOMPLEXE
Authors: DAHLHOFF W. V. , DICK T. R. , NELSON S. M.
Published: February 2016

Die Co(II)‐ und Ni(II)‐Komplexe (I) werden aus den entsprechenden Metallsalzen und Diphenylphosphinoalkylpicolinen, dargestellt aus 6‐Chlormethyl‐2‐methyl‐pyridinen und Na‐diphenylphosphid (Ausbeute ca. 70%.), mit Ausbeuten zwischen 40 und 60% erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: KONDENSIERTE ISOCHINOLONE 2. MITT.
Authors: SCHEFCZIK ERNST
Published: February 2016

Während das Isochinolon (Ia) glatt mit Ameisensäure zum Aldehyd (IIa) (Ausbeute von 99%) formyliert wird (analog reagieren die in den Benzolkernen substituierten Derivate), lassen sich die Ketone (Ib) bis (Id) nur mit Vilsmeier‐Haack‐Reagenzien (DMF, POCl3) zu den Verbindungen (IIb) bis (IId) (94‐98%) formylieren.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMIE UND BIOCHEMIE DER PFLANZENSTOFFE 26. MITT. SYNTH. METHOXY‐SUBSTITUIERTER CHALKON‐ UND FLAVANON‐DERIVATE UNTER MILDEN BEDINGUNGEN
Authors: REICHEL LUDWIG , FREYTAG DORIS
Published: February 2016

Das Glucosid (I), das aus dem Tetraacetylderivat durch Behandlung mit methanolischem Ammoniak und anschließende Zersetzung des intermediär gebildeten Assoziats durch heißes Wasser entsteht, reagiert mit dem Aldehyd (II) zu dem Flavanon (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMIE VON TROPAN‐DERIVATEN 3. MITT. DARST. VON NOR‐(‐)SCOPOLAMIN SOWIE VON NORSCOPIN‐ UND SCOPINESTER
Authors: WERNER GOTTFRIED , SCHICKFLUSS RUDOLF
Published: February 2016

Bei der Reaktion des (‐)‐Scopolamins (I) zum Nor‐(‐)‐Scopolamin (II) werden die Nebenprodukte (III) und (IV) erhalten, während bei der direkten oxydativen Entmethylierung von (‐)‐Scopolamin (I) zu (II) (58%) das Hydrochlorid des Formylderivats (V) anfällt, das weiter zu (II) verseift werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTALSYNTH. VON (+‐)‐VINCAMIN
Authors: GIBSON K. H. , SAXTON J. E.
Published: February 2016

Das durch OsO4‐Oxydation von (±)‐Homoeburnamin herstellbare Dihydroxyderivat (I) liefert bei der Oxydation mit Dimethylsulfoxid/Triäthylamin/Pyridin‐SO3/Wasser die beiden diastereoisomeren Lactame (II).
ChemInform Abstract: KETALISIERUNG VON D‐RIBONO‐LACTON‐(1,4), SYNTH. VON D‐ UND L‐ERYTHROSEDERIVATEN
Authors: SEPULCHRE ANNE‐MARIE , GATEAU ALICE , GERO STEPHAN D.
Published: February 2016

Die Kondensation der Titelverbindung (I) mit Cyclohexanon (II) in Gegenwart einer Harzsäure liefert die Lactone (III) (60% Ausbeute) und (IV) (20%).
ChemInform Abstract: KATALYTISCHE HYDRIERUNG VON CALCIUM‐D‐XYLO‐5‐HEXULOSONAT AN UEBERGANGSMETALLKATALYSATOREN
Authors: CHEN C. Y. , YAMAMOTO H. , KWAN T.
Published: February 2016

Bei der Hydrierung der Verbindung (I) besitzen folgende Katalysatoren fallende Aktivität: Rhodium‐C, Platin‐C, Palladium‐C, Ruthenium‐C und Raney‐Nickel.
ChemInform Abstract: WEG ZU MODIFIZIERTEN GLYKOSYL‐PHOSPHATEN, HERST. VON 6‐DESOXY‐ALPHA‐D‐GLUCOPYRANOSYL‐PHOSPHAT
Authors: KOCETKOV N. K. , BUDOVSKIJ E. I. , SIBAEV V. N. , KUSOV JU. JU.
Published: February 2016

Das leicht zugängliche α‐D‐Glucopyranosyl‐phosphat (I) wird in Pyridin mit dem 3fachen Überschuß von Monomethoxy‐triphenylmethyl‐chlorid (II) in das 6‐O‐Monomethoxy‐trityl‐Derivat (III) übergeführt, das chromatographisch mit 42%iger Ausbeute gewonnen wird.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIMIDINDERIVATE UND VERWANDTE VERBINDUNGEN 65. MITT. RK. VON THIAMIN MIT SCHWEFELKOHLENSTOFF
Authors: TAKAMIZAWA A. , HIRAI K. , ISHIBA T.
Published: February 2016

Umsetzung von Thiaminhydrochlorid (I) mit Schwefelkohlenstoff in Alkohol in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin oder mit Alkalixanthogenaten ergibt die Thiaminxanthogenate (II), die mit Benzylthiosulfat oder Benzoylchlorid in Thiaminbenzyldisulfid (IIIa) oder O,S‐Dibenzoylthiamin (IIIb) umgewandelt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON ALLYLALKOHOLEN MIT AKTIVEN METHIN‐ UND METHYLEN‐VERBINDUNGEN
Authors: HOFFMANN WERNER , PASEDACH HEINRICH , POMMER HORST
Published: February 2016

Aus den Allylalkoholen (I) werden mit den Malonestern (II) über die Acetessigester (III) die ungesättigten Ketone (IV) (40‐79%) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: ANALYTISCHE CHEMISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN AN STEROIDEN 31. MITT. KONFORMATIONSANALYSE VON EPIMEREN 16‐BROM‐13ALPHA‐OESTRONEN
Authors: NAMBARA T. , KUDO T. , HOSODA H. , MOTOJIMA K. , GOYA S.
Published: February 2016

Natriumborhydridreduktion von 13α‐Östron‐3‐methyläther(I) ergibt ein 10:7‐Gemisch der Epimeren (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ISOLIERUNG UND STRUKTUREN NEUER PREGNANDERIVATE AUS ADONIS AMURENSIS REGEL ET RADD
Authors: SHIMIZU Y. , SATO Y. , MITSUHASHI H.
Published: February 2016

Es wird Isolierung und Identifizierung der neuen Aglykone Fukujuson (Ia) sowie von Ester A (IIIa) und Ester B (IIIb), berichtet.
ChemInform Abstract: AMINOSAEURE‐SYNTH. AUS GASFOERMIGEN AUSGANGSSTOFFEN DURCH HOCHFREQUENZENTLADUNG UND UV‐LICHT
Authors: CZUCHAJOWSKI LESZEK , FRANCIK HALINA , GORECKA WANDA , KOSTUCH ANDRZEJ
Published: February 2016

Die durch Hochfrequenzentladung oder UV‐Bestrahlung aus Methan, Ammoniak und Wasserdampf erhaltenen Aminosäuren (I)‐(XII) werden mit Hilfe eines Beckmann‐Spinco‐Automatic‐Analyzer chromatographisch bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETISCHE NUCLEOSIDE UND NUCLEOTIDE 7. MITT. DIREKTER ERSATZ EINER 6‐THIOLGRUPPE VON 6‐THIOINOSIN UND 6‐THIOGUANOSIN MIT HYDRAZINHYDRAT
Authors: SANEYOSHI M. , TERASHIMA K.
Published: February 2016

Ersatz der 6‐Thiolgruppe in 6‐Thioinosin (Ia) und 6‐Thioguanosin (Ib) gelingt nicht mit aliphatischen Aminen wie Dimethylamin, Cyclohexylamin, Äthanolamin oder Morpholin, wohl aber mit Hydrazinhydrat.
High‐Performance Liquid Chromatographic Resolution of Neutral and Cationic Hetero[6]Helicenes
Authors: Labrador Geraldine M. , Bosson Johann , Breitbach Zachary S. , Lim Yeeun , Francotte Eric R. , Sabia Rocchina , Villani Claudio , Armstrong Daniel W. , Lacour Jérôme
Published: February 2016

Cationic hetero[6]helicenes 1+, 2+ and 3+ have been recently disclosed. Herein we report on their enantiomeric separation using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Separation of the antipodes can be achieved in preparative scale on neutral adducts with Chiralcel OD‐I or Chiralpak ID CSP. Selectivity factors of 1.90, 1.67, and 1.96 were obtained for 1-H, 2-H, and 3-H, respectively. Separation can also be performed on the carbenium ions on regular Chiralpak IA CSP using water‐containing eluents, thus allowing for enantiomeric purity determinations in aqueous environments. Resolution of neutral and cationic helicenes is also achieved on more recently developed LARIHC columns. The versatility of the cyclofructan phases allows for baseline separations for both cases and their loading capabilities are demonstrated. Finally, the configurational stability of 1+, 2+, and 3+ was measured. For each replacement of an oxygen atom by an amino group, the racemization barrier increases significantly (ΔG‡ = 29.8, 36.3 and >37 kcal mol‐1 for 1+, 2+, and 3+ respectively). Chirality 28:282–289, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct Measurement of the Thermodynamics of Chiral Recognition in Bile Salt Micelles
Authors: Anderson Shauna L. , Rovnyak David , Strein Timothy G.
Published: February 2016

Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is shown to be a sensitive reporter of bile salt micellization and chiral recognition. Detailed ITC characterization of bile micelle formation as well as the chiral recognition capabilities of sodium cholate (NaC), deoxycholate (NaDC), and taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC) micelle systems are reported. The ΔHdemic of these bile salt micelle systems is directly observable and is strongly temperature‐dependent, allowing also for the determination of ΔCpdemic. Using the pseudo‐phase separation model, ΔGdemic and TΔSdemic were also calculated. Chirally selective guest–host binding of model racemic compounds 1,1’‐bi‐2‐napthol (BN) and 1,1’‐binaphthyl‐2,2’‐diylhydrogenphosphate (BNDHP) to bile salt micelles was then investigated. The S‐isomer was shown to bind more tightly to the bile salt micelles in all cases. A model was developed that allows for the quantitative determination of the enthalpic difference in binding affinity that corresponds to chiral selectivity, which is on the order of 1 kJ mol‐1. Chirality 28:290–298, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Establishing socially responsible workplaces: Need perceptions and institutional forces acting on MSE owners in Tanzania
Authors: Poetz Katharina
Published: February 2016

Small businesses are increasingly expected to contribute to sustainable development. Drawing on needs theory and institutional theory, this paper investigates drivers of and barriers to socially responsible workplaces that can fulfill the existence, relatedness, and growth needs of people working in these organizations. The findings generated from an in‐depth study of small enterprises in Tanzania indicate that owners’ and employees’ changing needs contribute to workplace creation but nevertheless often remain unfulfilled. The resulting tensions pose a challenge for sustainable development in Africa's emerging economies. This is discussed with regard to solutions that leverage the normative common ground between traditional values and Western notions of corporate social responsibility (CSR), taking into account the pressures exercised by regulatory and mimetic institutional forces. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementing cell contractility in filament‐based cytoskeletal models
Authors: Fallqvist B.
Published: February 2016

Cells are known to respond over time to mechanical stimuli, even actively generating force at longer times. In this paper, a microstructural filament‐based cytoskeletal network model is extended to incorporate this active response, and a computational study to assess the influence on relaxation behaviour was performed. The incorporation of an active response was achieved by including a strain energy function of contractile activity from the cross‐linked actin filaments. A four‐state chemical model and strain energy function was adopted, and generalisation to three dimensions and the macroscopic deformation field was performed by integration over the unit sphere. Computational results in MATLAB and ABAQUS/Explicit indicated an active cellular response over various time‐scales, dependent on contractile parameters. Important features such as force generation and increasing cell stiffness due to prestress are qualitatively predicted. The work in this paper can easily be extended to encompass other filament‐based cytoskeletal models as well. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacokinetics of the Long‐Acting Basal Insulin LY2605541 in Subjects With Varying Degrees of Renal Function
Authors: Linnebjerg Helle , Choi Siak Leng , Lam Eric Chen Quin , Mace Kenneth F. , Hodgson Teri S. , Sinha Vikram P.
Published: February 2016

The pharmacokinetics of LY2605541 (basal insulin peglispro), a novel long‐acting basal insulin analogue, was evaluated in 5 groups of subjects with varying degrees of renal function based on creatinine clearance: normal renal function (>80 mL/min), mild renal impairment (51–80 mL/min), moderate renal impairment (30–50 mL/min), severe renal impairment (<30 mL/min), or end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring hemodialysis. Serial blood samples for pharmacokinetic analyses were collected up to 12 days following a single 0.33 U/kg subcutaneous dose of LY2605541. The apparent clearance (CL/F) and half‐life across groups were not affected by renal function. Cmax values were lower in subjects with increasing severity of renal impairment; however, the small decrease in Cmax did not affect the overall exposure. Regression analysis showed that LY2605541 clearance is independent of renal function (slope = 0.000863; P = .885). The mean fraction of LY2605541 eliminated by a single hemodialysis session was 13% in subjects with ESRD. LY2605541 was generally well tolerated in healthy subjects and those with renal impairment following a single 0.33 U/kg subcutaneous dose. Given these data, no dose adjustment of LY2605541 based on pharmacokinetics is recommended in renal impairment or in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Encapsulated Laccases for the Room‐Temperature Oxidation of Aromatics: Towards Synthetic Low‐Molecular‐Weight Lignins
Authors: Pistone Lucia , Ottolina Gianluca , De Sudipta , Romero Antonio A. , Martins Lígia O. , Luque Rafael
Published: February 2016

A new approach for the encapsulation of laccases with enhanced activity and stability by biomimetic silica mineralisation is reported. A range of lignin model compounds, which includes syringol, syringyl acid, 4‐vinylphenol, gallic acid, vanillic acid and guaiacol, was oxidised to lignin‐type polymers by the silica‐immobilised laccase systems at room temperature. The oxidation rate of the immobilised systems was lower than that of the free enzyme counterparts, but interesting products were observed with the new bio‐catalytic materials, which showed reusability and good stability.
Sex and seasonal differences in neurogenesis and volume of the song‐control system are associated with song in brood‐parasitic and non‐brood‐parasitic icterid songbirds
Authors: Guigueno Mélanie F. , Sherry David F. , MacDougall‐Shackleton Scott A.
Published: February 2016

The song‐control system in the brain of songbirds is important for the production and acquisition of song and exhibits both remarkable seasonal plasticity and some of the largest neural sex differences observed in vertebrates. We measured sex and seasonal differences in two nuclei of the song‐control system of brood‐parasitic brown‐headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) and closely‐related non‐parasitic red‐winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus). These species differ in both the development and function of song. Brown‐headed cowbirds have a larger sex difference in song than red‐winged blackbirds. Female cowbirds never sing, whereas female blackbirds do though much less than males. In cowbirds, song primarily functions in mate choice and males modify their song as they approach sexual maturity and interact with females. In red‐winged blackbirds, song is used primarily in territorial defence and is crystalized earlier in life. We found that the HVC was more likely to be discernable in breeding female blackbirds than in breeding female cowbirds. Compared to males, females had a smaller HVC and a smaller robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA). However, females had higher doublecortin immunoreactivity (DCX+) in HVC, a measure of neurogenesis. Consistent with sex differences in song, the sex difference in RA volume was greater in cowbirds than in blackbirds. Males of both species had a smaller HVC with higher DCX+ in post‐breeding condition than in breeding condition when song is more plastic. Sex and seasonal differences in the song‐control system were closely related to variation in song in these two icterid songbirds. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1226–1240, 2016
Serotonin promotes feminization of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area, but not the calbindin cell group
Authors: Madden Amanda M. K. , Paul Alexandria T. , Pritchard Rory A. , Michel Rebecca , Zup Susan L.
Published: February 2016

Testosterone and its metabolites masculinize the brain during a critical perinatal window, including the relative volume of sexually dimorphic brain areas such as the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN), which is larger in males than females. Serotonin (5HT) may mediate this hormone action, since 5HT given during the second week of life decreases (i.e., feminizes) SDN volume in males and testosterone‐treated females. Although previous work indicates that the 5HT2A/2C receptor is sufficient to induce feminization, it is unclear whether other serotonin receptors are required and which subpopulation(s) of SDN cells are specifically organized by 5HT. Therefore, we injected male and female Sprague‐Dawley rat pups with saline, a nonselective 5HTR agonist, a 5HT2A/2C agonist, or a 5HT2A/2C antagonist over several timecourses in early life, and measured the Nissl‐SDN as well as a calbindin+ subdivision of the SDN, the CALB‐SDN. When examined on postnatal day 18 or early adulthood, the size of the Nissl‐SDN was feminized in males treated with any of the serotonergic drugs, eliminating the typical sex difference. In contrast, the sex difference in CALB‐SDN size was maintained regardless of serotoninergic drug treatment. This pattern suggests that although gonadal hormones shape the whole SDN, individual cellular phenotypes respond to different intermediary signals to become sexually dimorphic. Specifically, 5HT mediates sexual differentiation of non‐calbindin population(s) within the SDN. The results also caution against using measurement of the CALB‐SDN in isolation, as the absence of an effect on the CALB‐SDN does not preclude an effect on the overall nucleus. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1241–1253, 2016
The landscape of pain management in people with dementia living in care homes: a mixed methods study
Authors: Corbett Anne , Nunez Kayleigh‐Marie , Smeaton Emily , Testad Ingelin , Thomas Alan J , Closs S. Jose , Briggs Michelle , Clifton Lei , Gjestsen Martha Therese , Lawrence Vanessa
Published: February 2016

Objectives

The aim of this study is to explore the current landscape of pain management in people with dementia living in care home settings. Pain is extremely common in this patient group, yet there is very limited guidance for healthcare professionals.

Methods

Triangulation of stakeholder consultation and quality review of pain management guidance were performed. A review of existing pain management guidance was conducted using published quality criteria adapted for the field. Three focus group discussions were held with care home staff and two focus group discussions and an online survey with family carers. Data were subjected to thematic analysis to identify themes and sub‐themes. Outcomes were reviewed by an expert panel, which gave recommendations.

Results

Fifteen existing guidelines were identified, of which three were designed for use in dementia and none were tailored for care home settings. Thematic analysis revealed six major themes in current pain management in dementia: importance of person‐centredness, current lack of pain awareness in staff, communication as a core element, disparities in staff responsibility and confidence, the need for consistency of care and current lack of staff training. In addition to the needs for practice, the expert panel identified promising pharmacological treatment candidates, which warrant clinical evaluation.

Conclusions

The findings of this study clearly articulate a need for an evidence‐based pain management programme for care homes, which is informed by stakeholder input and based within a conceptual framework for this setting. There are novel opportunities for clinical trials of alternative analgesics for use in this patient group. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Geopolitical Perspective into the Opposition to Globalizing State‐Owned Enterprises in Target States
Authors: Shi Wei , Hoskisson Robert E. , Zhang Yan Anthea
Published: February 2016

Plain language summary

Geopolitical concerns are one of the important factors influencing multinational enterprise (MNE) location choices. This is particularly true for globalizing state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) because of their direct ties with governments. Because of geopolitical concerns, SOEs may face a strong level of opposition in foreign countries which neighbor SOEs’ home countries, have different religious beliefs and political regimes from SOEs’ home countries or countries do not lack resources that SOEs can provide. Such opposition is particularly strong in countries where domestic politicians find it in their interests to arouse nationalistic feelings and oppose foreign SOEs’ investments. This study highlights the importance of considering geopolitical factors in MNE location choices.

Technical summary

The emergence of globalizing state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) requires revisiting the assumption that multinational enterprises (MNEs) are focused on economic not political objectives because SOEs tend to be perceived as political entities as well. We develop a geopolitical perspective into how geographic distance, religious similarity, and political regime similarity between two nation states, as well as resource complementarity between globalizing SOEs and target states, explain the level of opposition that globalizing SOEs face in target states. We also investigate how the salience of nationalist politics moderates the influence of these geopolitical factors on the level of opposition that globalizing SOEs face. This theoretical model developed in this study sheds new light on understanding the role of geopolitics in affecting MNEs’ location choices. Copyright © 2016 Strategic Management Society.
Institutional Leverage Capability: Creating and Using Institutional Advantages for Internationalization
Authors: Landau Christian , Karna Amit , Richter Ansgar , Uhlenbruck Klaus
Published: February 2016

Plain language summary

Home country institutions, for instance chambers of commerce and educational systems, can support firms' efforts to expand into foreign markets. However, only some firms utilize this support and become successful in international markets. We propose that these firms have a particular ability to leverage institutions; they have institutional leverage capability. More precisely, we explain that firms need to be aware of the institutional support, access it, decide to adopt it, and adapt their resources to fully exploit the institutions available in their home countries. We recommend that firms design organizational structures and processes to leverage institutions for internationalization. We illustrate our suggestions with the example of the German ‘hidden champions,’ medium‐sized firms that are global market leaders, and how they leverage institutions to internationalize.

Technical summary

We develop the notion of a firm's institutional leverage capability in order to explain heterogeneity among firms with respect to their ability to turn a location's generally available institutional benefits into firm‐specific institutional competitive advantages. Institutional leverage capability represents a higher‐order construct formed by the four components of awareness, access, adoption and adaption of institutional benefits. It is of particular strategic relevance in institutional contexts that provide high levels of support to firms. Firms can use institutional competitive advantages, which they generate by leveraging their home country's institutions, for the purpose of internationalization. We illustrate our argument using the example of several mid‐sized German companies that have leveraged home‐country institutional benefits and attained leading positions in international markets. Copyright © 2016 Strategic Management Society.
Do They Know Something We Don't? Endorsements from Foreign MNCs and Domestic Network Advantages for Start‐Ups
Authors: Aharonson Barak S. , Tzabbar Daniel , Amburgey Terry L.
Published: February 2016

Plain language summary

This article examines the effects of alliances with foreign multinational corporations (MNCs) on a local start‐up's attractiveness as a partner in its domestic research networks. We argue that such international strategic alliances enhance a start‐up's subsequent alliance activity and its status in its domestic R&D network. The analysis shows that, indeed, alliances with foreign MNCs significantly enhance the start‐up's attractiveness and its future alliance activity, especially when the start‐up is young (up to the age of five). Furthermore, alliances with foreign MNCs from a variety of different countries of origin (e.g., U.K., Germany, and France) have stronger effects on a start‐up's subsequent alliance activity, supporting the argument that even in the age of globalization, location still matters.

Technical summary

This article examines the effects of endorsements from foreign multinational corporations (MNCs) on the centrality of biotech start‐ups within their domestic research networks. We argue that international strategic alliances enhance a start‐up's subsequent movement toward a more central position in its domestic R&D network. Analyzing U.S. biotech start‐ups over time, our findings show that endorsements from foreign MNCs significantly enhance the subsequent network centrality of U.S. biotech start‐ups. This endorsement effect is magnified in the early stages of the start‐up's life cycle. Furthermore, endorsements by foreign MNCs from a variety of different countries of origin have stronger effects on a start‐up's subsequent network centrality, supporting the contention that even in the age of globalization, location still matters. Copyright © 2016 Strategic Management Society.
Consultation via telemedicine and access to operative care for patients with head and neck cancer in a Veterans Health Administration population
Authors: Beswick Daniel M. , Vashi Anita , Song Yohan , Pham Rosemary , Holsinger F. Chris , Rayl James D. , Walker Beth , Chardos John , Yuan Annie , Benadam–Lenrow Ella , Davis Dolores , Sung C. Kwang , Divi Vasu , Sirjani Davud B.
Published: February 2016

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a telemedicine model that utilizes an audiovisual teleconference as a preoperative visit.

Methods

Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients with head and neck cancer at 2 remote locations were provided access to the Palo Alto Veterans Affairs (PAVA) Health Care System otolaryngology department via the telemedicine protocol: tissue diagnosis and imaging at the patient site; data review at PAVA; and a preoperative teleconference connecting the patient to PAVA. Operative care occurred at PAVA. Follow‐up care was provided remotely via teleconference.

Results

Fifteen patients were evaluated. Eleven underwent surgery, 4 with high‐grade neoplasms (carcinoma). Average time from referral to operation was 28 days (range, 17–36 days) and 72 (range, 31–108 days), respectively, for high‐grade and low‐grade groups. The average patient was spared 28 hours traveling time and $900/patient was saved on travel‐related costs.

Conclusion

A telemedicine model enables timely access to surgical care and permits considerable savings among select VHA patients with head and neck cancer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 925–929, 2016
2D HETCOR NMR Spectrum and Structure of Dicarbonyl(η5‐N, N‐dimethylcarbamoylcyclopentadienyl)nitrosylchromium [η5‐C5H4CON(CH3)2)]Cr(CO)2(NO)
Authors: Wang Yu‐Pin , Liu Xen‐Hum , Cheng Hsiu‐Yao , Lin Tso‐Shen
Published: February 2016

Dicarbonyl(η5‐N,N‐dimethylcarbamoylcyclopentadienyl)nitrosylchromium (5) was prepared by the reaction of the corresponding acid chloride with dimethylamine. The structure of 5 has been determined by X‐ray diffraction studies: space group, P‐1; monoclinic; a=6.406(7), b=8.805(8), c=10.710(10) Å, α=91.73(8), β=93.67(8), γ=101.96(8)°; Z=2. The exocyclic carbon is bent away from the chromium atom with a θ angle of −0.27°. The nitrosyl group is cisoid to the exocyclic carbonyl carbon of the Cp(Cr) ring with a twist angle of 63.27°. The chemical shifts of C(2,5) and C(3,4) on the Cp ring has been assigned using two‐dimensional HETCOR NMR spectroscopy.
A Refined Intermolecular Interaction Potential for Methane: Spectral Analysis and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Li Arvin Huang‐Te , Chao Sheng D.
Published: February 2016

The previously constructed methane interaction potential energy surface calculated at the second‐order Møller‐Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory has been significantly improved in two aspects. First, all ab initio potential energy data are calculated by the supermolecule counterpoise corrected coupled cluster with single and double and perturbative triple excitations [CCSD(T)] method with Dunning’s correlation‐consistent aug‐cc‐pVXZ, X=D, T, Q, 5, basis sets and extrapolated to the complete basis set (CBS) limits with a convergence precision of 0.01 kcal/mol. Second, instead of the simple 4‐site model proposed in the previous study, a 5‐site model has been used to represent the ab initio potential data. The simulated infrared spectrum using the potential energy surface seems to be broadly in line with the spectral features observed in experiments. Molecular dynamics simulations using the ab initio force field show quantitative agreements with experiments. The properties examined in this paper include the atom‐to‐atom radial distribution functions in liquid and supercritical phases and the self‐diffusion coefficients over a wide range of thermodynamic conditions. It is shown that the refined ab initio force field can be applied to study fluid properties in different phases.
Electrochemistry of Multilayers of Graphene and Myoglobin Modified Electrode and Its Biosensing
Authors: Wang Wencheng , Li Xiaoqing , Yu Xiaohua , Yan Lijun , Shi Zaifeng , Wen Xiaoyong , Sun Wei
Published: February 2016

A multilayers of graphene (GR) and myoglobin (Mb) modified electrode was fabricated with a layer of chitosan film. Electrochemical behaviors of the modified electrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry, which exhibited a couple of well‐behaved, stable and quasi‐reversible cathodic and anodic peaks, indicating that Mb realized its direct electron transfer on the biosensor. The experimental result may be accredited to the existence of multilayers conductive GR nanosheets that could provide big specific surface area, fine biological compatibility and ultrahigh electron transfer route for the immobilized Mb. The catalytic reduction peak currents of the biosensor to the detection of trichloroacetic acid were established from 0.6 to 26.0 mM accompanied with the detection limit as 0.15 mM (3σ). Therefore a novel third‐generation mediator‐free electrochemical sensor was successful prepared with the usage of multilayers of GR.
A Native‐Chemical‐Ligation‐Based Turn‐on Fluorescent Probe for Selective Detection of Cysteine
Authors: Shimizu Masaki , Fukui Hiroki , Shigitani Ryosuke
Published: February 2016

Selective and quantitative detection of biological thiols such as cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione is often necessary because abnormal levels of such thiols can cause some diseases. Here, we report that bis(pentafluorophenyl) 1,4‐benzenedicarbothionic acid diester can serve as a turn‐on fluorescent probe for selective detection of cysteine vis‐a‐vis homocysteine and glutathione. When cysteine was added to a mixture of the diester and a sodium phosphate buffer solution with THF (60 vol%), which is non‐fluorescent, the mixture became green‐fluorescent. In contrast, addition of homocysteine or glutathione did not make the mixture fluorescent. A native‐chemical‐ligation‐based mechanism is proposed.
Correlation of Serum and Salivary Cytokines Level With Clinical Parameters in Metabolic Syndrome With Periodontitis
Authors: Chauhan Abhishek , Yadav Suraj Singh , Dwivedi Pradeep , Lal Nand , Usman Kauser , Khattri Sanjay
Published: February 2016

Background

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and chronic oral condition (periodontitis [PD]) are state of inflammation. The study was conducted to determine alterations in serum and salivary cytokines level in MS and/or chronic PD in the North Indian population.

Materials and Methods

This cross‐sectional study carried out in northern part of India. The study subjects of similar ethnicity were recruited according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria for MS, while chronic PD was diagnosed on the basis of packet depth and clinical attachment level. ELISA method was employed to assess cytokine level. All subjects were divided in four groups Gr A (MS + PD), B (MS), C (PD), and a control Gr D.

Results

The serum and salivary tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) level in Gr A, B, and C was significantly higher than Gr D (P < 0.05). Serum interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) level in Gr A, B, and C was lower than Gr D (P < 0.05), but this difference was not significant between Gr C and Gr D. Serum IL‐10 level in Gr A was significantly lower than Gr C (P < 0.05). Salivary IL‐10 level was not significantly altered in any group.

Conclusions

Proinflammatory marker TNF‐α has correlation with clinical parameters in patients of MS having PD. The study suggests level of salivary TNF‐α may be utilized as a surrogate marker of MS and PD.
Evaluation of interobserver variability and diagnostic performance of developed MRI‐based radiological scoring system for invasive placenta previa
Authors: Ueno Yoshiko , Maeda Tetsuo , Tanaka Utaru , Tanimura Kenji , Kitajima Kazuhiro , Suenaga Yuko , Takahashi Satoru , Yamada Hideto , Sugimura Kazuro
Published: February 2016

Purpose

To evaluate the interobserver variability and diagnostic performance of a developed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based scoring system for invasive placenta previa.

Materials and Methods

Prenatal MR images of 70 women were retrospectively evaluated, 18 of whom were diagnosed with invasive placenta. The six MR features (dark band on T2‐weighted images, intraplacental abnormal vascularity, placental bulge, heterogeneous placenta, myometrial thinning, and placental protrusion sign) were scored on 5‐point Likert scale separately, and the cumulative radiological score (CRS) was defined as the sum of each score. Two more experienced radiologists (readers A and B) and two less experienced residents (readers C and D) calculated the CRS. Interobserver variability was assessed by measuring the intraclass correlation coefficient. Diagnostic performance was evaluated by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results

Interobserver variability for CRS was excellent for the more experienced radiologists (0.85), and good for all readers (0.72) and the less experienced residents (0.66). The area under the ROC curve (Az) and accuracy (Acc) for CRS were significantly higher or equivalent to those of other MR features for all readers (Az and Acc for reader A; CRS, 0.92, 91.4%; intraplacental T2 dark band, 0.83, P = 0.009, 81.4%, P = 0.03; intraplacental abnormal vascularity, 0.9, P = 0.3, 90.0%, P = 1.00; placental bulge, 0.81, P = 0.0008, 80.0%, P = 0.02; heterogeneous placenta, 0.85, P = 0.11, 74.3%, P = 0.002; myometrial thinning, 0.84, P = 0.06, 60.0%, P < 0.0001; placental protrusion sign, 0.81, P = 0.01, 81.4%, P = 0.26).

Conclusion

This developed MRI‐based scoring system demonstrated excellent or good interobserver variability, and good diagnostic performance for invasive placenta previa. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:573–583.
Top‐down approach to the superior mesenteric artery and the mesopancreas during pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Welsch Thilo , Bork Ulrich , Distler Marius , Weitz Jürgen
Published: February 2016

Complete surgical resection with microscopically tumor‐free resection margins (R0) is the most important survival determinant for patients with localized pancreatic cancer. The medial and posterior resection margins are the dominant sites of microscopic tumor involvement, and outline the so‐called mesopancreas. In this study, we present a modified surgical approach to the superior mesenteric artery, celiac trunc, and mesopancreas during pancreatoduodenectomy, which enables a comfortable exposure and radical en bloc clearance of the mesopancreas and the tissue adjacent to the superior mesenteric artery. The dissection of the mesopancreas is directed from the ventral aspect of the portal vein downward along the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac trunc, before the transection of the duodenal mesentery is accomplished. The described technique complements the established surgical approaches to pancreatic head tumors, and is indicated in the absence of portal vein infiltration. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:668–671. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Silica/Methylaluminoxane/(n‐BuCp)2ZrCl2: Effect of Silica Dehydroxylation Temperature on HDPE Morphology
Authors: Bashir Muhammad Ahsan , Monteil Vincent , Boisson Christophe , McKenna Timothy F.L.
Published: February 2016

Morphology and particle size distribution (PSD) of high density polyethylene (HDPE) produced in slurry and gas phase ethylene homopolymerisations have been analysed in connection with the catalytic activity of silica supported (n‐BuCp)2ZrCl2/Methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalysts. It has been shown that the silica dehydroxylation temperature affects the catalytic activity of these silica supported catalysts in ethylene homopolymerisation which, in turn, affects the polymer morphology and PSD. Thick fibrous HDPE is observed in all the polymer samples produced via slurry phase process, whereas, the gas phase process HDPE samples did not show such fibrous structures. PSD of the polymers replicate the PSD of silica support and shifts towards larger particle size with increase in productivity which is related to silica dehydroxylation temperature.
Nitroxide‐Mediated Polymerization of n‐Butyl Acrylate and D‐Limonene
Authors: Ren Shanshan , Dubé Marc A.
Published: February 2016

N‐butyl acrylate and D‐limonene were copolymerized in bulk via nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP) at 115 °C using SG1‐BlocBuilder. Compared to the free‐radical initiation system, the NMP approach resulted in a moderate enhancement to final conversion and slightly higher incorporation of D‐limonene into the copolymer microstructure. The copolymer composition using the NMP approach did not differ significantly from that of the free‐radical method. A mechanism for the NMP of BA/Lim is proposed which includes a degradative chain transfer reaction due to the allylic hydrogen of D‐limonene.
Tomographic Reconstruction and Morphological Analysis of Rigid Polyurethane Foams
Authors: Nistor Andra , Toulec Miloš , Zubov Alexandr , Kosek Juraj
Published: February 2016

Application properties of polymer foams are closely related to their morphology. Experimental characterization and subsequent morphological analysis thus represent essential tools for their investigation. Spatially three‐dimensional porous structures of four closed‐cell polyurethane foams are reconstructed using the X‐ray micro‐tomography (μCT) imaging with the spatial resolution of 2 μm. Challenges associated with insufficient μCT resolution (e.g., reconstruction of thin walls of polymer) are addressed and the methodology allowing their overcoming is presented. Foam anisotropy is characterized (i) using the lineal‐path function as a common statistical descriptor of morphology, and (ii) by the spatial orientation vector whose evaluation is newly developed in this paper. Foam porosity and cell size distribution evaluated both from the 2D cross‐section slices and from the complete 3D data are compared. Additionally, the porosity is compared with the experimentally measured values. It is demonstrated that 3D volumetric data are advantageous for a proper morphological characterization of the foam.
From Laboratory to Industrial Continuous Production of Polylactic Acid with Low Residual Monomer
Authors: Costa Liborio I. , Tancini Francesca , Hofmann Sebastian , Codari Fabio , Trommsdorff Ulla
Published: February 2016

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a 100 % bio‐based polyester with strong market growth potential in commodity applications as a substitute of fossil‐based polymers such as PET, PE and PS. The successful commercialization of this material relies on the possibility to devolatilize efficiently the unreacted monomer, which, in turn, requires an effective quenching of the polymerization catalyst. In this contribution we report an experimental screening of potential catalyst deactivators performed in small scale batch reactions. The best performing deactivator was then tested on a continuous PLA production plant of 1 kta to prove the reliability of the experimental approach. The plant data confirmed that the use of the selected deactivator improves the efficiency of the devolatilization process and leads to PLA with superior optical properties.
Poly(Sodium Acrylate)‐Based Nanocomposite Bioadhesives for Sutureless Surgery
Authors: Khanlari Samaneh , Dubé Marc A.
Published: February 2016

Polymer‐based bioadhesives for surgery provide a promising alternative to conventional suturing. A poly(sodium acrylate)‐based nanocomposite with antibacterial properties was prepared via in situ polymerization using nanosilver. To modify the nanocomposite degradation rate, a second, more degradable polymer was incorporated into the nanocomposite as an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN). The adhesion strength of the resulting bioadhesives was within an appropriate application range. The nanocomposites were shown to be biocompatible and exerted excellent antibacterial properties which makes them suitable to serve as an alternative for traditional suturing for out‐clinic surgeries such as may be necessary in the aftermath of a natural disaster.
Partition Coefficient of AIBN and Associated Radicals Between Aqueous and Organic Phase: Benchmark of Predictions with the COSMO‐RS Model and Perspective for the Use in Kinetic Modelling of Multiphase Systems
Authors: Orlov Yury , Heiler Heike , Settels Volker , Deglmann Peter
Published: February 2016

Due to its generality, the solvation model COSMO‐RS can be used for a priori predictions of thermodynamic data for short‐lived reactive species. In this paper, a strategy is outlined how COSMO‐RS results can be employed as input in process simulations of reactive multiphase systems. As an example, the applicability of the method is demonstrated on prediction of partition coefficients for AIBN and corresponding azo‐radicals between aqueous and organic phases.
Shp‐2 knockdown prevents l‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia in a rat model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Fiorentini Chiara , Savoia Paola , Savoldi Daria , Bono Federica , Busi Chiara , Barbon Alessandro , Missale Cristina
Published: February 2016

Background

Dyskinesia, the major side effect of l‐dopa therapy in PD, is mainly associated with nonphysiological stimulation of denervated receptors in the striatum. In particular, DA D1 receptor‐mediated aberrant extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 activation have been associated with striatal changes leading to dyskinesia. We recently identified the tyrosine phosphatase Shp‐2 as a crucial effector transmitting D1 receptor signaling to extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 activation and reported the involvement of the D1 receptor/Shp‐2/extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 pathway in the development of l‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia.

Objectives

In this study, the role of Shp‐2 in l‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia development was investigated by in vivo silencing of Shp‐2 in the striatum of the 6‐hydroxy‐dopamine rat model of PD.

Methods

Lentiviral particles delivering short hairpin RNA were used to obtain long‐term striatal Shp‐2 downregulation. Rats were then treated with l‐dopa and analyzed for both the improvement of akinesia and the development of l‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia.

Results

The results show that Shp‐2 knockdown remarkably decreased extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 phosphorylation and attenuated the severity of l‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia likely without compromising the therapeutic efficacy of l‐dopa.

Conclusion

These data suggest that the striatal D1 receptor/Shp‐2 complex may represent a promising novel target for the development of antidyskinetic drugs. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
On some length problems for univalent functions
Authors: Nunokawa Mamoru , Sokół Janusz
Published: February 2016

Let
be the class of functions

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma3552:mma3552-math-0002
which are analytic in the unit disk
. Let C(r) be the closed curve that is the image of the circle |z|=r < 1 under the mapping w = f(z), L(r) the length of C(r), and let A(r) be the area enclosed by the curve C(r). In 1968 D. K. Thomas shown that if
, f is starlike with respect to the origin, and for 0≤r < 1, A(r) < A, an absolute constant, then

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma3552:mma3552-math-0005
Later, in 1969 Nunokawa has shown that if f is convex univalent, then

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma3552:mma3552-math-0006
This paper is devoted to obtaining a related correspondence between f(z) and L(r) for the case when f is univalent. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The existence of periodic solutions for coupled pantograph Rayleigh system
Authors: Li Wenxue , Liu Shuang , Xu Dianguo
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we consider the existence of periodic solutions for coupled pantograph Rayleigh system, which is a special case of coupled delay Rayleigh system with unbounded memory. The mathematical model of this kind of coupled systems is first proposed. Also, based on a novel method combining coincidence degree theory with Lyapunov method and graph theory, an easily verifiable sufficient criterion is given. As illustrations, a simulation example is presented to show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed criterion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of harvesting in a predator–prey model with disease in both populations
Authors: Das Krishna pada
Published: February 2016

Disease control by managers is a crucial response to emerging epidemics, and in the context of global change, emerging risks associated with parasites, invasive species, and infectious diseases are an important issue especially for developing countries. Our objective is to provide a mathematical framework to study the response of a predator–prey model to a disease in both populations and harvesting of prey species. We have worked out the conditions for local stability of the equilibrium points as well as persistence of the system. We have derived the ecological and disease basic reproduction numbers. These enable us to determine the community structure of the system. Harvesting may play a crucial role in a host–parasite system, and reasonable harvesting can remove parasite burden from the host. Our numerical results reveal that the reasonable harvesting prevents the oscillations of the species. We conclude that harvesting can be an effective strategy for controlling the spread of disease. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical analysis of static and dynamic stabilities of viscoelastic columns
Authors: Haitian Yang , Zhi Han , Yiqian He
Published: February 2016

This paper presents a new numerical approach for the static and dynamic stabilities analysis of viscoelastic columns. By expanding all variables in a discretized time interval, a time and space coupled integral‐differential equation system is converted into a series of recursive spatial problems that are solved via FEM. A temporally piecewised adaptive algorithm is developed to maintain computing accuracy. Consequently, the descriptions of static stability of imperfect viscoelastic columns and dynamic stability of perfect viscoelastic columns are realized, respectively. Numerical examples are presented to verify the proposed approach. Additionally, two analytical expressions are derived for the dynamic stability analysis of linear and Burgers models, respectively. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.