bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CÁCH TIẾP CẬN MỚI VỀ THIẾT KẾ MỸ THUẬT ĐIỆN ẢNH
Authors: Nguyễn Nguyên Vũ
Published: October 2024

Thiết kế mỹ thuật thường chỉ liên quan đến thiết kế bối cảnh vật lý và kiến trúc phim (truyện), nhưng thiết kế mỹ thuật cũng là một chức năng thiết yếu trong phim hoạt hình cũng như trong các định dạng phương tiện truyền thông dựa trên thời gian khác. Do đó, chúng ta cần mở rộng khái niệm thiết kế mỹ thuật, cũng vì nó đang ngày càng trở nên quan trọng trong các sản phẩm phim và truyền hình đương đại thông qua việc sử dụng các yếu tố được tạo ra bằng kỹ thuật số kết hợp với hình ảnh hành động trực tiếp.
HÌNH ẢNH NGƯỜI PHỤ NỮ VIỆT NAM TRONG MỘT SỐ BỘ PHIM CỦA ĐẠO DIỄN VIỆT KIỀU
Authors: Phạm Hải Yến
Published: October 2024

Phim do các nhà làm phim Việt kiều sản xuất có góc nhìn khá mới lạ về quê hương, đất nước, dần chiếm được cảm tình của đông đảo khán giả yêu thích điện ảnh. Ở đó, các đạo diễn thường đi vào khai thác những số phận của người phụ nữ. Họ đã nhìn ra những nét đẹp truyền thống, những khổ đau và cả sự thay đổi trong mối quan hệ tình cảm của người phụ nữ Việt Nam ở nhiều giai đoạn. Những số phận ấy tựu chung đã phác họa phần nào tư tưởng và trăn trở của các nghệ sĩ về xã hội, cuộc đời, con người Việt Nam.
SỰ QUAN TRỌNG CỦA TĨNH LẶNG: THIẾT KẾ ÂM THANH TRONG LOẠT PHIM VÙNG ĐẤT CÂM LẶNG
Authors: Đức Lê
Published: October 2024

Âm thanh là một phần không thể thiếu trong trải nghiệm điện ảnh của khán giả. Không chỉ đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc thể hiện câu chuyện, âm thanh còn giúp tăng hiệu quả cảm xúc trong phim. Tuy nhiên, hiệu quả của thiết kế âm thanh thường được đánh giá qua sự "vô hình" của nó, và chỉ trong một số thể loại phim nhất định như kinh dị hoặc giật gân, âm thanh mới trở nên "hữu hình". Nhờ cách vận dụng âm thanh mới mẻ và sáng tạo, loạt phim "Vùng đất câm lặng" đã gây nhiều chú ý và được đánh giá là một ví dụ điển hình cho việc sử dụng âm thanh làm công cụ kể chuyện.
Friedrich Miesher’s life path and contribution to science
Authors: Maiorova O. Y. , Prokopiak M. Z. , Mishchuk N. Y. , Hrytsak L. R. , Drobyk N. M.
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the main stages of life and activity of the famous Swiss organic chemist, Friedrich Miescher (August 13, 1844 – August 26, 1895), who was the first to isolate and describe the structure of the DNA molecule. F. Miescher was born in a family of scientists and doctors, studied medicine at the University of Basel (Switzerland), but did not become a practicing doctor. He mostly conducted his scientific research in the biochemical laboratory of Felix Hoppe-Zeyler in Tübingen (Germany). The object of the scientist's research was leukocytes, from the nuclei of which he managed to isolate a precipitate insoluble in most of the solvents known at that time. In 1869, F. Miescher obtained a molecule that he named nuclein (DNA). In the course of research, the scientist established its composition, some properties, and molecular weight, but was unable to describe its functions. Subsequently, F. Miescher discovered the presence of nucleic in the cells of other tissues, in the spermatozoa of many species of animals. At the Institute of Physiology of the University of Leipzig (Germany) in the laboratory of Karl Ludwig Friedrich Miescher studied the nerve pathways that transmit pain signals in the spinal cord. In 1871, the scientist completed his habilitation for the position of a professor at Basel University; he chose physiology of breathing as the topic of his work. F. Mischer continued to study the features of spermatozoa and oocytes; developed a number of theories regarding understanding of the processes of fertilization and transmission of hereditary traits, which, due to the lack of knowledge at the time, were quite speculative. In 1885, the scientist founded and headed the first in Switzerland Institute of Anatomy and Physiology in Vesalian, where he worked for 10 years. Friedrich Miescher died at the age of 52, before the results of his discovery were recognized. Only in 1944 it was proved that the DNA molecule is the carrier of genetic information. Most of the results of F. Miescher's scientific work were published after his death by his uncle, the famous Swiss anatomist Wilhelm His.
ITSN1 binds the E2-conjugating enzyme UBC9
Authors: Kozyrieva K. O. , Gryaznova T. A.
Published: October 2024

Aim. Scaffolding protein of the intersectin 1 (ITSN1) associated with malignant cell transformation. A short isoform of ITSN1 (ITSN1-S) can localize to the nucleus and inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation but the exact mechanisms of ITSN1 nuclear export have not been fully elucidated. SUMOylation of ITSN1, or its interaction with components of SUMO modification, may be one of the regulatory mechanisms contributing to the nuclear-cytoplasmic shuffle of ITSN1 in the cell. Methods. Full-length human UBC9 sequence was subcloned in pGEX4T2 vector for in vitro GST-binding assays with overexpressed Omni-ITSN1-S in 293 cell line. Lysates of 293 cells with overexpressed FLAG-UBC9 were used for co-immunoprecipitation with endogenous proteins of ITSN1 and ITSN2. Results. Endogenous ITSN1-S form complexes with full-length overexpressed UBC9 in 293 in vivo. Further analysis revealed that GST-UBC9 binds human full-length short isoform ITSN1-S in vitro. Conclusions. E2-conjugating enzyme of the SUMOylation, UBC9, is confirmed as a novel protein partner for ITSN1 both in vitro and in vivo. Considering the tumor suppressor role of a nuclear ITSN1-S in breast cancer and the unique role UBC9 plays in SUMO-modification of proteins, we suggest a possibility of UBC9 and ITSN1 interaction association with malignant transformation, which can be the ground for the further studies.
Hereditary gluten enteropathy in irish setters: evaluation of external parameters, clinical symptoms and fatal risks
Authors: Liakhovich L. M. , Honcharova I. I. , Khokhlov A. M. , Kushch M. M. , Byrka O. V. , Ulyanizka А. Yu. , Sobakar Yu. V. , Petrenko A. M. , Kostyuk I. O.
Published: October 2024

Aim. Determine the features of appearance, clinical signs and fatal risks in Irish setters with hereditary gluten enteropathy. Methods. The methods used were observation, eye examination, clinical examination, autopsy, histological. Results. It has been established that in hereditary gluten enteropathy in Irish setters there are violations of the parameters of appearance, weak ability to train, fulminant and chronic forms of damage to the intestinal wall by type of enteropathy, anaphylactic reactions and cerebral disorders. In the dead setters, the causes of death were hypovolemic shock due to intestinal bleeding and combined critical injuries of the brain, heart and lungs. Conclusions. Violations of the parameters of appearance in setters with hereditary gluten enteropathy led to their unsuitability for hunting. Dietary therapy with the exclusion of feed containing cereals was effective in stabilizing the condition of sick setters. Setters with hereditary gluten enteropathy are at risk of developing fatal cardiovascular, pulmonary, and cerebral insufficiency. The validity of the spread of hereditary gluten enteropathy in Irish setters depends on the accounting of the results of multi-year studies by a multidisciplinary group of specialists.
Assessment of the genetic polymorphism of genus Pinus L. the oligotrophic peat bog "Boloto Mshana"
Authors: Tselikov A. P. , Sakharova V. H. , Rabokon A. M. , Privalikhin S. M. , Korzhov V. L. , Pirko Ya. V.
Published: October 2024

Aim. To evaluate the molecular genetic polymorphism of representatives of the genus Pinus L. on the territory of the "Boloto Mshana" nature reserve, as well as to test the hypothesis about their possible local hybridization Methods. DNA extraction using CTAB and DNeasy Plant Pro Kit, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers for the chloroplast DNA and genes encoding β-tubulin (TBP markers), electrophoresis of DNA in a polyacrylamide gel with silver nitrate staining. Results. DNA profiles of P. mugo, P. sylvestris and probably P. uliginosa (21 samples in total) were analyzed using one chloroplast DNA marker and two DNA markers based on introns of β-tubulin genes (ТВР, сТВР). The intraspecific genetic polymorphism of the species was compared and the probability of the existence of hybrid forms was investigated. Conclusions. The marker based on the 2nd intron of the β-tubulin genes turned out to be the most effective and informative DNA marker for studying representatives of the Pinus L. genus. P. sylvestris showed less genetic polymorphism by the investigated genetic markers, compared to P. mugo and P. uliginosa. Possible hybrid forms (P. mugo ✕ P. sylvestris) or P. uliginosa were also discovered.
5s rDNA intergenic spacer of some species of Cruciata and Chondrophyllae sections and its application in taxonomy of genus Gentiana
Authors: Mel’nyk V. M. , Andreev I. O. , Volkov R. A. , Kunakh V. A.
Published: October 2024

Aim. The 5S rDNA intergenic spacer (IGS) region is a convenient tool for studying genome evolution and systematics of higher plants. The aim was to investigate the nucleotide sequence of 5S rDNA in some species of the sections Cruciata and Chondrophyllae, as well as to study the peculiarities of this region organisation by comparative analysis with other Gentiana species. Methods. Polymerase chain reaction, cloning, sequencing, bioinformatic analysis. Results. The cloned IGS regions of G. laciniata, G. cruciata and G. dahurica were sequenced and analysed. Typical regulatory elements were found in the regions of terminator and external promoter of 5S rRNA gene. Based on the comparative analysis, two groups of species were distinguished that differ significantly in the organisation of this region. One includes G. asclepiadea and species of the sections Gentiana, Ciminalis and Calathianae, and the other includes species of the sections Cruciata and Pneumonanthe. G. laciniata (sect. Chondrophyllae) differs in the IGS organization from species of both groups. Conclusions. The results of taxon grouping are generally consistent with the genus systematics and indicate that 5S rDNA IGS region can be a convenient tool for studying evolution and systematics of the genus.
Selection of marker systems for determining the allelic composition of high molecular glutenin loci in winter wheat
Authors: Morgun B. V. , Sandetska N. V. , Radchenko O. M. , Velykozhon L. H.
Published: October 2024

Aim. Selection of marker systems and conducting multiplex polymerase chain reactions to determine the allelic composition of the Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci, which determine the high quality of flour in common wheat samples. Methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for the Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci of wheat. Results. PCR analysis was performed to detect the insertion at 43 b. p. in the MAR region, in varieties with the Glu-B1al allele, the presence of an amplicon 563 b. p. long was observed, for varieties that carry other alleles of the locus – an amplicon 520 b. p. long. The results on the Glu-D1 locus showed that for № 2, № 3, № 4, № 7, № 8, № 10, № 11, № 19, № 20, № 21 subunits (5 + 10) were identified. Conclusions. With the help of allele-specific primers, the allelic composition of loci of high molecular weight glutenins was determined in 22 lines wheat. Three alleles Glu-A1a, Glu-A1b, Glu-A1c were found in the Glu-A1 locus; in the Glu-B1 locus, only the Glu-B1al allele was detected, there are two alleles at the Glu-D1 locus: Glu-D1a and Glu-D1d (the Glu-D1a allele predominated). As a result of our research, samples of soft wheat (lines № 2, № 7, № 21) were selected, which can be attributed to genotypes with high baking quality of the flour.
Features of Usp1 expression and localization in different types of malignant neoplasms
Authors: Nishchenko D. O. , Antonenko S. V. , Gurianov D. S. , Telegeev G. D.
Published: October 2024

Aim. Malignant neoplasms pose a significant challenge in medicine, requiring a deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the expression profile and subcellular localization of ubiquitin-specific protease 1 (USP1) in various types of cancer. Methods. Using the TCGA database, an analysis of USP1 expression was conducted across different cancer types. Immunofluorescence analysis with confocal microscopy was utilized to determine the subcellular localization of USP1 in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and prostate cancer cells. Results. Bioinformatic analysis revealed heterogeneous USP1 expression, with increased levels observed in acute myeloid leukemia, esophageal carcinoma, and glioblastoma multiforme. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed nuclear localization of USP1 in CML cells and showed that inhibiting USP1 interaction with UAF1 using ML323 disrupts its transport to the nucleus. Prostate cancer cells exhibited both nuclear and atypical cytoplasmic USP1 localization, suggesting alterations in its expression, interaction with UAF1, and disruption of signaling pathways. Conclusions. USP1 plays a multifaceted role in cancer processes, with dysregulation of its expression and localization associated with tumorigenesis. Targeting USP1 holds therapeutic potential for cancer treatment.
Soluble protein content in seedlings and calli of isogenic PPD genes of bread wheat lines
Authors: Avksentieva O. O.
Published: October 2024

Aim. To study the influence of the PPD gene system – photoperiodic insensitivity of common wheat on growth and synthetic activity and soluble protein content in seedlings and calli of different origin of isogenic wheat lines under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Methods. Seedlings and calli of near isogenic PPD lines of Triticum aestivum L. created in the genome of Myronivska 808 variety were used as plant material. Seedlings were analyzed for growth response and accumulation of easily soluble protein in axial organs. Primary calli were obtained using mature embryos, primary aseptic leaves, and apical root sections as explants. Morphophysiological characterization of calli was performed, proliferation frequency and soluble protein content were analyzed. Results. It was found that isolines Ppd 1 and Ppd 3, which exhibit photoperiodic neutrality, are characterized by maximum rates of linear growth, biomass accumulation and protein content in the early stages of ontogenetic development in vivo. Under in vitro culture conditions, isolines Ppd 2 and Variety were characterized by the highest rates of callus proliferation and the lowest soluble protein content, which leads to a reduced potential morphogenetic activity. Conclusions. The PPD gene system determines the growth response and synthetic activity of seedlings of isogenic lines under in vivo conditions and the processes of primary callus proliferation, synthesis and accumulation of soluble protein in them under in vitro conditions.
Evaluating the effect of cupric sulphate on morphogenic structure induction and plant regeneration in spring barley anther culture in vitro
Authors: Bilynska O. V.
Published: October 2024

Aim. Investigation was aimed to ascertain possibility to increase the efficiency of spring barley haploid production in anther culture in vitro by addition of cupric sulphate to the solution for cut tiller cold pretreatment and by increase of cupric sulphate concentrations in the media for morphogenic structure induction and plant regeneration. Methods. Cut tillers were cold pretreated for 5 days at 4ºC in water and in the solutions contained 5 µM and 10 µM of cupric sulphate. Isolated anthers were cultivated on agar solidified nutrient medium containing N6 macro-and MS micronutrients, physiologically active substances, maltose (9.0 %) and on the media with increased (10 µM) content of cupric sulphate. Results. No effect of cupric sulphate addition on cut tiller viability and morphogenesis in anther culture in vitro was found. The lowest plant regeneration frequency was obtained when cupric sulphate was added both to inductive and regenerative media. Сonclusions. Addition of cupric sulphate to the pretreatment solution as well as increase of this microelement concentration (up to 10 µM) in the nutrient media can’t be considered as the methodological approach suitable to enhance the efficiency of spring barley haploid production in anther culture in vitro.
Resistance of cellular variants of Nicotiana tabaccum L. plants to water stress
Authors: Bronnikova L. I. , Zaitseva І. О.
Published: October 2024

Aim. It has been established that resistance to some heavy metal cations is combined with resistance to osmotic stress. Thus, resistance to barium cations correlates with resistance to water stress. Therefore, the aim of the experiment was to compare the resistance of primary and secondary calli to modelled stresses. Methods. The object of testing was tobacco, a plant sensitive to water deficit. The level of resistance of the variants was assessed by the relative increase in fresh weight under osmotic stresses: (salinity, 25.0 g/l of sea water salts; sodium sulphate, water stress). Both concentrations are lethal for wild-type tobacco cell cultures. Results. Вa-resistant tobacco cell cultures were obtained. Tobacco callus were resistant to lethal modelled stresses. The Ba-resistant culture was developed on medium with the addition of sea water salts and sodium sulphate. Conclusions. The phenomenon of resistance was selected as a result of primary selection on the medium with heavy metal ions. The level of osmotic resistance did not decrease with increasing cultivation time.
Investigation of the influence of ivermectin on potato plants in vitro
Authors: Buziashvili А. Yu. , Kustovskiy Ye. O. , Yemets A. I.
Published: October 2024

Aim. Investigation of the influence of ivermectin dissolved in different organic solvents (DMSO and ethanol) on morpho-physiological parameters of potato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) in vitro. Methods. Potato plants of cv. Vernisage were cultivated in vitro on MS medium in the presence of 10, 50 and 100 μg/ml of ivermectin dissolved in DMSO or ethanol, control plants – on MS medium without addition of any agents, and the plants grown on MS medium supplemented with 0.04, 0.2, 0.4 % of ethanol or DMSO were used as negative control. The influence of ivermectin, DMSO and ethanol was evaluated after 1 month of cultivation by the length of plant shoots, total leaf area and photosynthetic pigments content. Results. The growth-stimulating activity of ivermectin at concentration of 10 μg/ml and of the solvents at concentration of 0.04 % was identified, and also the phytotoxic influence of DMSO at concentrations 0.2 and 0.4 % alone or in the presence of ivermectin dissolved in it was shown in this study. Also, it was found that photosynthetic pigments content in the presence of ivermectin dissolved in ethanol, and in the presence of 0.04 % of ethanol was higher than in control. Conclusions. It has been established that the influence of ivermectin on morpho-physiological parameters of plants depends on the solvent in which it is dissolved for research purposes.
Features of cellular selection of tomato plants, resistance against salining
Authors: Kovbasenko R. V. , Kravets A. P. , Symonenko Yu. V. , Emelyanov V.  I.
Published: October 2024

Aim. For selection at the cellular level, nutrient media are offered, which, although not completely, would partially correspond to natural stress conditions. Methods. As explants, immature embryos, cotyledon nodes with meristematic activity, and hypocotyls of tomato plants of the Lagidnyi, Khoryv, Borivskyi. Results. An agar medium of general mineral composition with different concentrations of growth regulators was used for the cultivation of isolated tissues the generally accepted method. Conclusions. When creating in vitro new forms of tomato plants with increased resistance to chloride salinization of the soil, it is necessary to select resistant cell lines using the stepwise selection method according to the scheme, which includes several consecutive actions of a selective agent in different concentrations at the stages of induction – proliferation, morphogenesis of callus cultures. An increase in the content of hydrogen peroxide in callus structures and stimulation of the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were also found.
Research of salt tolerance of genetically modified wheat plants with an additional copy of the ornithine-Δ-aminotransferase gene
Authors: Komisarenko A. G. , Mykhalskyi L. O.
Published: October 2024

Aim. To investigate the level of resistance to salt stress of T3 and T4 seed generation plants of genetically modified wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with an additional copy of the ornithine-δ-aminotransferase (oat) gene and their original genotypes. Methods. Determination of the content of free L-proline (Pro) and physiological and morphometric parameters. Results. The level of Pro was studied and the morphometric and growth parameters of the offspring of transgenic plants and their original forms under normal / stress conditions were analyzed. Conclusions. T3 and T4 wheat plants under salinity conditions had a higher percentage and higher rate of seed germination compared to the original genotypes. During in vitro cultivation of seedlings, a stress state was observed at doses of 250 and 300 mM NaCl, at which the percentage of survival of transgenic variants was 83.3, non-transgenic only 33.3. Under conditions of in vivo salt stress, T3 and T4 plants had taller shoots and longer roots compared to the original forms. The survival rate of genetically modified plants was ~ 90 %, non-transgenic plants about 60 %. There was no significant difference in the accumulation of free L-proline between the investigated plant variants. It increased in transgenic seedlings on the 21st day of stress under conditions of artificially simulated salinity.
Mendelism in the course of biology of the new ukrainian school
Authors: Atramentova L. O.
Published: October 2024

The article draws attention to the discrepancy between the teaching of Mendelism in the secondary school biology course and the level of modern genetics. It is pointed out the shift of emphasis in teaching the laws of inheritance and the simplified understanding of Mendelism by reducing it to three laws. The reason for this can be seen in the unjustified giving to the results obtained by Mendel in the genetic experiment, the status of laws, which, without taking into account modern scientific achievements, uncritically pass from textbook to textbook. It is pointed out the need in the new Ukrainian school, when teaching the basics of classical genetics, to take into account the latest achievements of genetics and suppress Mendelian results not as laws, but as data of a genetic experiment, which became the basis for a paradigm shift in the understanding of the phenomena of heredity – a transition from the idea of fused heredity to the theory of hereditary discreteness material. It is proposed to present Mendel’s achievements to students as one fundamental law of discreteness of heredity, which takes a worthy place in the series of ideas about the discreteness of matter and energy.
Outstanding Scientist I. Ya. Horbachevsky (dedicated to the 170th birth anniversary)
Authors: Chen I. B. , Humeniuk H. B. , Sverstiuk A. S.
Published: October 2024

Ivan Yakovych Horbachevsky is one of the outstanding scientists of world science, whose activities span the middle of the 20th century. He, our compatriot, comes from the village Zarubyntsi, Ternopil region. The numerous scientific and governmental titles, ranks and awards that he was awarded confirm Ivan Horbachevsky’s global authority and popularity. He was elected honorary president of international scientific forums and congresses. He was also entrusted with the most difficult tasks in medicine and education. The scientist brought recognition to University of Vienna. He was elected a member (and later chairman) of the Royal Sanitary Council, given several high titles and appointed the first minister of health in Austria-Hungary. Ivan Horbachevsky’s scientific heritage includes more than 50 works published in German, Czech and Ukrainian languages (only 6 of them were in Ukrainian). He proposed the nomenclature of organic (1924–1926) and inorganic compounds (1939–1941), which formed the basis of the chemical substance classification and nomenclature. His nomenclature was implemented in Ukraine before World War II. Ivan Yakovych Horbachevsky was a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1911. He lived for 67 years outside of his motherland, but he was closely connected with Ukraine, and did a lot for our state independence.
Inbreeding and its effect on the gene fund in dog breeding
Authors: Fediaieva A. S. , Honcharova I. I. , Shevchenko O. B. , Khokhlov A. M.
Published: October 2024

Aim. Identifying problems and approaches to dog breeding that emphasize the importance of the quality of parents and hereditary factors in determining the offspring's quality. Methods. Theoretical review of inbreeding and its impact on the gene pool in dog breeding, comparing it with outbreeding, and exploring natural selection mechanisms and their influence on animal reproduction. Results. The paper discusses the principles of selecting breeders in dog breeding and provides recommendations for avoiding mating dogs with deficiencies in a particular trait. It also highlights the study of genetic mechanisms and their impact on the inheritance of traits in dogs. Two main breeding methods are considered in animal husbandry – inbreeding and outbreeding. The study findings indicate types of inbreeding and their influence on the genetic homogeneity of the offspring. Conclusions. The breeder must clearly define the type of dog he wants to obtain, specifying desired characteristics such as appearance, health, and temperament. In the initial stages, the breeder must achieve stability in breeding offspring with desired characteristics, creating animals with a typical temperament. After achieving stability, one can begin fine-tuning specific traits by selecting for improvements in breed aspects. A dog should be viewed as a holistic system, striving for overall correctness and balance, paying attention to the interrelation between different aspects. The breeder must ensure the preservation of unique breed characteristics during selection. Effective selection involves careful planning, observation, evaluation, and collaboration with experienced veterinarians and breed specialists.
Influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the performance of service dogs of different genotypes
Authors: Khokhlov A. M. , Shevchenko O. B. , Honcharova I. I. , Fediaieva A. S. , Yukhno V. O. , Borshcevska V. V.
Published: October 2024

Aim. In the current situation of Russia's military invasion of Ukraine, national security, territorial integrity and state sovereignty are extremely important for the country's dog services. The benefits of using dogs are much greater than the costs of their maintenance and training. Dogs search for explosive devices, missing soldiers and their remains, detain criminals, and guard military facilities. Different breeds of service dogs are preferred for each special task. Purpose: to study the methods of training service dogs of different breeds of detection service by scent trail and to analyse certain factors affecting the quality of the dog's work. Methods. The research on the topic of the scientific work was conducted in the conditions of the dog training center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in Vinnytsia region. The following methods were used in the research process: zootechnical, analytical, calculation, biometric. The research materials were used for the study of German Shepherd, Labrador Retriever and Rottweiler dogs, which underwent a general training course and special training for detective work on human scent trails. Results. Service dogs have been used in human life for centuries to protect important facilities and territories, mine clearance, customs service, detention of criminals, search and rescue of people. Training of different breeds of dogs for a particular type of activity, painstaking and careful work of dog handlers, on which the results of dog performance in different conditions of their use depend. Conclusions. The testing of sniffer dogs for human scent detection was carried out in accordance with the existing rules and methods used in the dog training centers of the National Police of Ukraine. The conditions of keeping and feeding the dogs met the standards and recommendations, taking into account the breed, age, live weight, specifics of work and workload, which allowed us to obtain reliable results in the experiments. In the organisation of training and coaching of service dogs, all our studied factors will help dog handlers to use the dog methodically and competently in real circumstances.
Patterns of KIR-genotypes in women with preimplantation losses after assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Sosnina K. O. , Zastavna D. V. , Tretiak B. I. , Terpylyak O. I.
Published: October 2024

Aim. To analyze the frequency and distribution of KIR genotypes in women with repeated preimplantation losses during ARTs compared to women with control group. Methods. DNA isolation from leukocytes by the salting method, PCR-SSP, agarose gel electrophoresis; methods of statistical analysis. Results. The molecular genetic determination of KIR genes in the group of women with recurrent implantation failures and in the control group of women was performed. The frequency and distribution of KIR genotypes in the study groups were determined. In women with RIF, a slightly shifted distribution of the frequency of KIR genotypes was found, towards the homozygous genotype by haplotype "A", the frequency of which was almost half of all identified genotypes (42.86 %). The distribution and frequency of KIR genotypes in the control group was normal and described by the Hardy-Weinberg principle. A comparative analysis of the study groups using statistical methods showed a significantly higher frequency of the KIR-AA genotype (χ2=8.875; p<0.005) in the group of women with RIF compared to the control group of women. The calculation of the odds ratio indicates a 2-fold increase of risk for recurrent implantation failures after ARTs (OR=1.94; CI 95 %: 1.25–3.00) in women with the KIR-AA genotype. Conclusions. We regard the KIR-AA genotype as a significant risk factor for preimplantation loss. KIR genotyping is considered an important molecular genetic test for determining the risk of fetal rejection by the maternal immune system, which will help to correctly direct treatment interventions to keep the pregnancy alive.
Characterization of Bila Tserkva winter common wheat cultivars with respect to marker loci
Authors: Kozub N. O. , Sozinov I. O. , Bidnyk H. Ya. , Demianova N. O. , Sozinova O. I. , Kucheriavyi I. I. , Borzykh O. I. , Blume Y. B.
Published: October 2024

Aim. We studied special features of the sample of Bila Tserkva winter common wheat cultivars with respect to storage protein loci and some disease resistance genes. Methods. To identify alleles at gliadin and high-molecular-weight glutenin loci, acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and SDS-electrophoresis of grain proteins were carried out. Alleles of markers for the disease resistance genes Lr34, Tsn1, and TDF_076_2D were identified using PCR. Results. The composition and frequencies of alleles at the Gli-1, Glu-1, and Gli-A3 loci were studied in samples of Bila Tserkva cultivars released before 2011 and after 2010. For the latter group of cultivars, alleles of the disease resistance gene markers were identified. We observed a significant increase in the frequency of the allele Gli-A1x(9) and a decrease in the frequency of Gli-A1c, as well as a tendency for an increase in the frequency of Gli-A3c. In the total sample of Bila Tserkva cultivars, nonrandom associations of pairs of certain storage protein alleles were revealed. Conclusions. The group of Bila Tserkva cultivars is similar to the previously studied groups of the Central Forest Steppe of Ukraine with respect to allele set and frequencies of the main prolamin loci, but differs in the frequencies of the disease resistance genes. A special feature of the group of Bila Tserkva cultivars is a high frequency of the allele c at the minor locus Gli-A3, as well as the allele association Gli-A1x Gli-B1l Gli-A3c.
Variability of superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in varieties and introgressive lines of wheat differing in drought resistance
Authors: Tykhonov P. S. , Моlоdchеnкоvа О. О. , Motsniy I. I. , Каrtuzova T. V.
Published: October 2024

Aim. To study the variability of the component composition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoenzymes under the influence of hyperthermia and water deficit in introgressive lines of wheat with different drought resistance. Methods. The activity of SOD isoforms was determined using native electrophoresis in an acidic medium in a polyacrylamide gel. Results. Under the impact of stress factors (elevated temperature, water deficit and their combined effects), a redistribution of the relative content of individual SOD isoforms was observed in wheat seedlings of drought-resistant and drought-susceptible genotypes compared to growing under favorable conditions. The most significant decrease occurred due to the joint action of water deficit and increased temperature. Under these conditions, enzyme isoforms of medium electrophoretic mobility practically disappeared. Conclusions. The presence of low-mobility isoforms of SOD in wheat seedlings under the impact of stress factors (elevated temperature and water deficit) can serve as an indicator of drought resistance of wheat plants.
Reconstructing of the geometry of Atg13 and Atg101 molecules while assembling the complex
Authors: Bulgakov E. V. , Rayevsky O. V.
Published: October 2024

Aim. Associated subproteins which constitute the ATG1 multi-protein complex in plants and mammals, including ULK1 in humans, are orchestral protein kinase atg-units in resistance to stress stimuli across their different nature. The goals of this endeavour were to characterize the molecular nature of the interaction of ATG13 with ATG101, followed by in silico docking to catch the plausible ensuing integration into a multimeric complex ULK1/ATG1, which initiates the assembly of a PAS-preautophagosomal structure in the first step of autophagy initiation. Methods. Protein structures were modeled by homology using AlphaFold, and molecular dynamics (MD) was performed using GROMACS 5.0 with the Charmm36. Results. By implementing computer modeling methods, a complex of protein kinase atg-units for both ATG13 and ATG101 proteins, reflecting the interaction interface and conformational properties, was constructed for detailed interpretation while forming the forthcoming assembly of the ULK1/ATG1 multi-protein platform. Conclusions. This study provides a high-quality model platform for further sequential studies of protein-protein docking and protein-protein interactions with the possibility of reconstructing a model of the full ULK1/ATG1 complex to identify ATG8 binding sites.
Comparative analysis of allosteric rearrangements in FtsZ protein structure induced by benzamide and 4-hydroxycoumarine compounds
Authors: Ozheredov D. S. , Karpov P. A.
Published: October 2024

Aim. To reveal allosteric rearrangements of FtsZ molecules arising under the influence of benzamide compounds and 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives. To discover the key molecular mechanisms predetermining the effect of the specified compounds on the cell division in bacteria. Methods. Comparative analysis of FtsZ protein structures and their complexes with ligands. Application of structural bioinformatics software for molecular visualization, measurement of interatomic distances and approximation of intramolecular shifts based on RMSD indicators. Results. Revealed conformational changes in FtsZ protein molecules, induced by allosteric effectors: 4-hydroxycoumarin – 4HC and benzamide – 9PC (PC-190723). Allosteric deformations and their consequences for intact FtsZ protein molecules, there GTPase domains, H7 helixes and C-terminal domains were studied. Conclusions. It was clarified that the binding of benzamides causes more significant shifts in the structure of the FtsZ protein monomer, its C-terminal domain, and H7 helix. At the same time, 4-hydroxycoumarins deform the structure of the GTPase domain almost twofold effectively. Both classes of compounds prosses allosteric action through unique mechanisms that are largely realized through deformations and displacements of the H7 helix. Despite the fact that these compounds demonstrate different allosteric mechanisms of action, their final effect can be summarized to destructions in GTP pocket, protofilament interfaces and the general geometry of molecule.
Sí + no = simonel. Humor discursivo en la narrativa de Roberto Bolaño y su lectura antihermenéutica
Authors: Trojanowski Aleksander
Published: October 2024

El artículo propone interpretar el humor como uno de los recursos fundamentales en la narrativa de Roberto Bolaño y pregunta por su función en el proyecto literario del chileno. Los últimos veinte años en la crítica se caracterizan por intentos de ofrecer acercamientos lo posiblemente globales para la obra de Bolaño. En este contexto interesaría entender el humor, una de las facetas importantes, pero menos comentadas, como una clave que engloba tanto la raíz de la estrategia narrativa del chileno, como una postura antihermenéutica que subyace su escritura. Para tal fin, se rastrean los acercamientos existentes a la ironía (y, en general, al humor en Bolaño) y se propone un nuevo marco analítico que entiende el humor como un juego discursivo (una estrategia narrativa que un produce una reacción afectiva –la risa—y, además, lleva consigo un modo de leer implícito que a su vez revela la idea de la literatura que tiene Bolaño). La contextualización permite analizar el humor discursivo en sus diferentes aspectos, a saber: el juego con las expectativas del lector, la carnavalización del texto, paralelismos incongruentes y la contradicción. Después de analizar los aspectos formales en los ejemplos de la novela Los detectives salvajes, se concluye con una interpretación antihermenéutica de la función del humor discursivo.
La novela de artista-delincuente en Roberto Bolaño [Investigación estética-dactiloscópica de cuatro personajes]
Authors: Acero Nibaldo , Carvacho Alfaro Rodrigo
Published: October 2024

As Marcuse pointed out, not all novels starring an artist are 'artist's novels', since the subgenre demands different characteristics for its categorization, such as the fracture between life and art, uprootedness or a torn love. In this proposal, we explore the concept of the artist's novel in Bolaño's narrative, adding to the aforementioned particularities (and others that constitute it), a decisive feature in the narrative of the Chilean-born writer: crime as an aesthetic and moral prurience, where marginality functions as a persistent imaginary Louvre that challenges the writer/creator and offender. For this task, we will call to witness four characters of Bolañesca's narrative, highly suspected of crimes, which would aesthetically and self-reflexively enhance his work.
β-glucan reprograms alveolar macrophages via neutrophil/IFNγ axis to promote lung injury
Authors: Prével Renaud , Pernet Erwan , Tran Kim A , Sadek Abderrahmane , Sadeghi Mina , Lapshina Elizabeth , Jurado Leonardo , Kristof Arnold S , Moumni Mohieddine , Poschmann Jérémie , Divangahi Maziar
Published: October 2024

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) reside in the lower airways and play a crucial role in lung health and response to sterile inflammation and infections. AMs possess remarkable adaptability to different environmental challenges that can persist through their memory capacity (trained immunity). β-glucan has been characterized as a potent inducer of trained immunity by reprogramming hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow generating trained innate cells with enhanced responsiveness. In the present study, we show that systemic administration of β-glucan reprograms alveolar macrophages (AMs) in the lung via neutrophils and IFNγ signalling, in a Dectin1-independent manner. We furthermore demonstrate that AM reprogramming at both the transcriptional and metabolic levels exacerbate lung injury following bacterial (LPS) or viral (polyI:C) challenges. These findings identify an additional facet of β-glucan in trained immunity involving AM reprogramming and shed light on the potential detrimental effects of trained immunity.
Temporal transcriptional response of Candida glabrata during macrophage infection reveals a multifaceted transcriptional regulator CgXbp1 important for macrophage response and fluconazole resistance
Authors: Rai Maruti Nandan , Lan Qing , Parsania Chirag , Rai Rikky , Shirgaonkar Niranjan , Chen Ruiwen , Shen Li , Tan Kaeling , Wong Koon Ho
Published: October 2024

Candida glabrata can thrive inside macrophages and tolerate high levels of azole antifungals. These innate abilities render infections by this human pathogen a clinical challenge. How C. glabrata reacts inside macrophages and what is the molecular basis of its drug tolerance are not well understood. Here, we mapped genome-wide RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) occupancy in C. glabrata to delineate its transcriptional responses during macrophage infection in high temporal resolution. RNAPII profiles revealed dynamic C. glabrata responses to macrophages with genes of specialized pathways activated chronologically at different times of infection. We identified an uncharacterized transcription factor (CgXbp1) important for the chronological macrophage response, survival in macrophages, and virulence. Genome-wide mapping of CgXbp1 direct targets further revealed its multi-faceted functions, regulating not only virulence-related genes but also genes associated with drug resistance. Finally, we showed that CgXbp1 indeed also affects fluconazole resistance. Overall, this work presents a powerful approach for examining host-pathogen interaction and uncovers a novel transcription factor important for C. glabrata’s survival in macrophages and drug tolerance.
Multiple origins of dorsal ecdysial sutures in trilobites and their relatives
Authors: Du Kun-sheng , Guo Jin , Losso Sarah R , Pates Stephen , Li Ming , Chen Ai-lin
Published: October 2024

Euarthropods are an extremely diverse phylum in the modern, and have been since their origination in the early Palaeozoic. They grow through moulting the exoskeleton (ecdysis) facilitated by breaking along lines of weakness (sutures). Artiopodans, a group that includes trilobites and their non-biomineralizing relatives, dominated arthropod diversity in benthic communities during the Palaeozoic. Most trilobites – a hyperdiverse group of tens of thousands of species - moult by breaking the exoskeleton along cephalic sutures, a strategy that has contributed to their high diversity during the Palaeozoic. However, the recent description of similar sutures in early diverging non-trilobite artiopodans means that it is unclear whether these sutures evolved deep within Artiopoda, or convergently appeared multiple times within the group. Here, we describe new well-preserved material of Acanthomeridion, a putative early diverging artiopodan, including hitherto unknown details of its ventral anatomy and appendages revealed through CT scanning, highlighting additional possible homologous features between the ventral plates of this taxon and trilobite free cheeks. We used three coding strategies treating ventral plates as homologous to trilobite-free cheeks, to trilobite cephalic doublure, or independently derived. If ventral plates are considered homologous to free cheeks, Acanthomeridion is recovered sister to trilobites, however, dorsal ecdysial sutures are still recovered at many places within Artiopoda. If ventral plates are considered homologous to doublure or non-homologous, then Acanthomeridion is not recovered as sister to trilobites, and thus the ventral plates represent a distinct feature to trilobite doublure/free cheeks.
Formation of multinucleated osteoclasts depends on an oxidized species of cell surface-associated La protein
Authors: Leikina Evgenia , Whitlock Jarred M , Melikov Kamran , Zhang Wendy , Bachmann Michael P , Chernomordik Leonid
Published: October 2024

The bone-resorbing activity of osteoclasts plays a critical role in the life-long remodeling of our bones that is perturbed in many bone loss diseases. Multinucleated osteoclasts are formed by the fusion of precursor cells, and larger cells – generated by an increased number of cell fusion events – have higher resorptive activity. We find that osteoclast fusion and bone resorption are promoted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and by an unconventional low molecular weight species of La protein, located at the osteoclast surface. Here, we develop the hypothesis that La’s unique regulatory role in osteoclast multinucleation and function is controlled by an ROS switch in La trafficking. Using antibodies that recognize reduced or oxidized species of La, we find that differentiating osteoclasts enrich an oxidized species of La at the cell surface, which is distinct from the reduced La species conventionally localized within cell nuclei. ROS signaling triggers the shift from reduced to oxidized La species, its dephosphorylation and delivery to the surface of osteoclasts, where La promotes multinucleation and resorptive activity. Moreover, intracellular ROS signaling in differentiating osteoclasts oxidizes critical cysteine residues in the C-terminal half of La, producing this unconventional La species that promotes osteoclast fusion. Our findings suggest that redox signaling induces changes in the location and function of La and may represent a promising target for novel skeletal therapies.
The effect of post-activation enhancement on the performance of Chinese national skeleton athletes in the “ice push sled”-a first cross-sectional study
Authors: Tian Guang , Li Haojie , Zhu Huan , Gao Binghong
Published: October 2024

Objective

To investigate the impact of post-activation potentiation (PAP) induced by resisted sled sprint at different loads on the subsequent 30 m ice push sled performance of Chinese skeleton athletes, and to identify the resisted sled sprint load that most effectively enhances PAP for Chinese skeleton athletes.

Methods

Seven elite athletes from the Chinese skeleton team participated in four tests with more than 48 h intervals. During the tests, on the first test, athletes completed a 40 min standard warm-up, rested for 6 min, and then performed a 30 m test. On the second, third, and fourth test, athletes completed the standard warm-up, then performed 20 m sprints with resisted sled (RS) at 75%, 50%, and 25% of body mass (BM), respectively, rested for 6 min, and then performed the 30 m test.

Results

No significant differences were found in morning pulse, blood urea, and creatine kinase levels among four tests. The percentage of maximum heart rate (%HRmax) within different intensity ranges showed no significant differences among four tests. However, significant differences were observed in ice push sled performance among four tests (No BMRS: 5.08 ± 0.27; 25% BMRS: 5.05 ± 0.29; 50% BMRS: 5.02 ± 0.27; 75% BMRS: 5.04 ± 0.28). Post hoc analyses revealed that the 50% BMRS test had faster speed compared to the no resistance (p < 0.05), the 25% BMRS (p < 0.05), and the 75% BMRS (p < 0.05) tests. Additionally, the 75% BMRS test had faster speed than the no resistance test (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

A 20 m sprint with 50% BMRS effectively enhances the PAP effect in skeleton athletes, improving their ice push sled performance. Coaches can incorporate this resisted sled sprint in athletes’ training routines for performance enhancement in both daily training and pre-competition preparations.