bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Self‐Assessment Guide for Resident Teaching Experiences
Authors: Engle Janet P. , Franks Amy M. , Ashjian Emily , Bingham Angela L. , Burke John M. , Erstad Brian L. , Haines Seena L. , Hilaire Michelle L. , Rager Michelle L. , Wienbar Rebecca
Published: June 2016

The 2015 American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Educational Affairs Committee was charged with developing a self‐assessment guide for residency programs to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the outcomes of resident teaching curricula. After extensively reviewing the literature, the committee developed assessment rubrics modeled after the 2013 ACCP white paper titled “Guidelines for Resident Teaching Experiences” and the revised American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists (ASHP) 2014 accreditation standards for PGY1 residencies, which place greater emphasis on the teaching and learning curriculum (TLC) than the previous accreditation standards. The self‐assessment guide developed by the present committee can serve as an assessment tool for both basic and expanded TLCs. It provides the criteria for program goals, mentoring, directed readings with topic discussions, teaching experiences, and assessment methodology. For an expanded TLC, the committee has provided additional guidance on developing a teaching philosophy, becoming involved in interactive seminars, expanding teaching experiences, developing courses, and serving on academic committees. All the guidelines listed in the present paper use the measures “not present,” “developing,” and “well developed” so that residency program directors can self‐assess along the continuum and identify areas of excellence and areas for improvement. Residency program directors should consider using this new assessment tool to measure program quality and outcomes of residency teaching experiences. Results of the assessment will help residency programs focus on areas within the TLC that will potentially benefit from additional attention and possible modification.
Density functional theory study of substituent effects on gas‐phase heterolytic Fe–O and Fe–S bond energies of m‐G‐C6H4OFe(CO)2(η5‐C5H5) and m‐G‐C6H4SFe(CO)2(η5‐C5H5)
Authors: Zeng Qing , Li Zucheng , Wang Yi‐Bo , Zhai Huaqiang , Liu Bin , Tao Ou , Dong Ling , Guan Jun , Zhang Yujie
Published: June 2016

The knowledge of accurate bond strengths is a fundamental basis for a proper analysis of chemical reaction mechanisms. Quantum chemical calculations at different levels of theory have been used to investigate heterolytic Fe–O and Fe–S bond energies of (meta‐substituted phenoxy)dicarbonyl(η5‐cyclopentadienyl) iron [m‐G‐C6H4OFp (1)] and (meta‐substituted benzenethiolato)dicarbonyl(η5‐cyclopentadienyl) iron [m‐G‐C6H4SFp (2)] complexes. In this study, Fp is (η5‐C5H5)Fe(CO)2, and G is NO2, CN, COMe, CO2Me, CF3, Br, Cl, F, H, Me, MeO, and NMe2. The results show that Tao–Perdew–Staroverov–Scuseria and Becke's power‐series ansatz from 1997 with dispersion corrections functionals can provide the best price/performance ratio and accurate predictions of ΔHhet(Fe–O)'s and ΔHhet(Fe–S)'s. The excellent linear free energy relations [r = 1.00 (g, 1e), 1.00 (g, 2b)] among the ΔΔHhet (Fe–O)'s and δΔG0 of OH bonds of m‐G‐C6H4OH or ΔΔHhet(Fe–S)'s and ΔpKa's of SH bonds of m‐G‐C6H4SH imply that the governing structural factors for these bond scissions are similar. And, the linear correlations [r = −0.97 (g, 1 g), −0.97 (g, 2 h)] among the ΔΔHhet (Fe–O)'s or ΔΔHhet(Fe–S)'s and the substituent σm constants show that these correlations are in accordance with Hammett linear free energy relationships. The inductive effects of these substituents and the basis set effects influence the accuracy of ΔHhet(Fe–O)'s or ΔHhet(Fe–S)'s. The ΔΔHhet(Fe–O)'s(g) (1) and ΔΔHhet(Fe–S)'s(g)(2) follow the capto‐dative Principle. The substituent effects on the Fe–O bonds are much stronger than those on the less polar Fe–S bonds. Insight from this work may help the design of more effective catalytic processes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical studies on structure and performance of [1,2,5]‐oxadiazolo‐[3,4‐d]‐pyridazine‐based derivatives
Authors: Wang Ke , Shu Yuanjie , Liu Ning , Lai Weipeng , Yu Tao , Ding Xiaoyong , Wu Zongkai
Published: June 2016

Based on energetic compound [1,2,5]‐oxadiazolo‐[3,4‐d]‐pyridazine, a series of functionalized derivatives were designed and first reported. Afterwards, the relationship between their structure and performance was systematically explored by density functional theory at B3LYP/6‐311 g (d, p) level. Results show that the bond dissociation energies of the weakest bond (N–O bond) vary from 157.530 to 189.411 kJ · mol−1. The bond dissociation energies of these compounds are superior to that of HMX (N–NO2, 154.905 kJ · mol−1). In addition, H1, H2, H4, I2, I3, C1, C2, and D1 possess high density (1.818–1.997 g · cm−3) and good detonation performance (detonation velocities, 8.29–9.46 km · s−1; detonation pressures, 30.87–42.12 GPa), which may be potential explosives compared with RDX (8.81 km · s−1, 34.47 GPa ) and HMX (9.19 km · s−1, 38.45 GPa). Finally, allowing for the explosive performance and molecular stability, three compounds may be suggested as good potential candidates for high‐energy density materials. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calculations of the energies of the low‐lying electronic states of dioxatrimethylenemethane (H2CCO2) and prediction of the negative ion photoelectron (NIPE) spectrum of its radical anion
Authors: Chen Bo , Hrovat David A. , Borden Weston Thatcher
Published: June 2016

In order to predict the energies of the low‐lying electronic states of the dioxa derivative of trimethylenemethane (DOTMM), we have carried out (U)B3LYP, CASPT2, and (U)CCSD(T) calculations, using the aug‐cc‐pVTZ basis set. Our calculations predict that DOTMM has a triplet ground state, with one unpaired electron occupying a b2 σ MO and the other a b1 π MO. An open‐shell singlet state, with the same orbital occupancy as the triplet, is calculated to lie very close to the 3A2 ground state. However, this open‐shell singlet (1A2) is predicted to be the transition structure for methylene rotation and to lead to the barrierless formation of an equivalent pair of α‐lactones. We also report the results of some calculations on the fragmentation of DOTMM to CH2 + CO2. Our predictions about DOTMM could be tested experimentally by generating the DOTMM•− radical anion in the gas phase and obtaining its negative ion photoelectron spectrum. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating the safety of intermittent intravenous sildenafil in infants with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Darland Leanna K. , Dinh Kimberly L. , Kim Shelly , Placencia Jennifer L. , Varghese Nidhy P. , Ruiz Fadel , Mallory George B. , Fernandes Caraciolo J.
Published: June 2016

Objective

To compare the occurrence of hypotension following administration of intermittent intravenous (IV) and enteral sildenafil for treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in infants. We hypothesized there may be more adverse effects associated with intermittent IV sildenafil compared with enteral sildenafil.

Methods

This was a retrospective matched‐cohort study conducted in a tertiary care children's hospital. Patients were included if they were less than 1 year of age and received intermittent sildenafil for PH. Exclusion criteria consisted of concurrent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during the initiation of sildenafil, the utilization of sildenafil as a one‐time dose, continuation of home‐dosing regimen, or inclusion in the other cohort. A total of 40 patients were matched 1:1 based on postmenstrual age and primary diagnosis.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in the primary outcome, as 30% (6/20) of patients receiving IV sildenafil required a hypotension intervention compared with 10% (2/20) in the enteral cohort (P = 0.24). The majority of interventions occurred within 24 hr of the initiation of sildenafil with 4/6 patients (67%) in the IV group and 2/2 patients (100%) in the enteral group, respectively. Baseline mean arterial pressure was significantly lower in the IV patients that required an intervention compared with those that did not (44 ± 6.3 vs. 65 ± 13.4 mmHg, P = 0.0024).

Conclusions

There were no statistically significant differences in safety outcomes between intermittent IV and enteral sildenafil in infants with PH. Hemodynamic parameters should be monitored closely upon sildenafil initiation. Limitations include the retrospective nature and small sample size. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:232–237. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stochastic Simulators Based Optimization by Gaussian Process Metamodels – Application to Maintenance Investments Planning Issues
Authors: Browne Thomas , Iooss Bertrand , Gratiet Loïc Le , Lonchampt Jérôme , Remy Emmanuel
Published: June 2016

This paper deals with the optimization of industrial asset management strategies, whose profitability is characterized by the Net Present Value (NPV) indicator which is assessed by a Monte Carlo simulator. The developed method consists in building a metamodel of this stochastic simulator, allowing to obtain, for a given model input, the NPV probability distribution without running the simulator. The present work is concentrated on the emulation of the quantile function of the stochastic simulator by interpolating well chosen basis functions and metamodeling their coefficients (using the Gaussian process metamodel). This quantile function metamodel is then used to treat a problem of strategy maintenance optimization (four systems installed on different plants), in order to optimize an NPV quantile. Using the Gaussian process framework, an adaptive design method (called quantile function expected improvement) is defined by extending in our case the well‐known efficient global optimization algorithm. This allows to obtain an “optimal” solution using a small number of simulator runs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structured fusion lasso penalized multi‐state models
Authors: Sennhenn‐Reulen Holger , Kneib Thomas
Published: June 2016

Multi‐state models generalize survival or duration time analysis to the estimation of transition‐specific hazard rate functions for multiple transitions. When each of the transition‐specific risk functions is parametrized with several distinct covariate effect coefficients, this leads to a model of potentially high dimension. To decrease the parameter space dimensionality and to work out a clear image of the underlying multi‐state model structure, one can either aim at setting some coefficients to zero or to make coefficients for the same covariate but two different transitions equal. The first issue can be approached by penalizing the absolute values of the covariate coefficients as in lasso regularization. If, instead, absolute differences between coefficients of the same covariate on different transitions are penalized, this leads to sparse competing risk relations within a multi‐state model, that is, equality of covariate effect coefficients. In this paper, a new estimation approach providing sparse multi‐state modelling by the aforementioned principles is established, based on the estimation of multi‐state models and a simultaneous penalization of the L1‐norm of covariate coefficients and their differences in a structured way. The new multi‐state modelling approach is illustrated on peritoneal dialysis study data and implemented in the R package penMSM. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape‐Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities of Thoroughly Mesoporous ZnO Nanofibers
Authors: Ren Xiaolong , Hou Huilin , Liu Zhixiong , Gao Fengmei , Zheng Jinju , Wang Lin , Li Wenge , Ying Pengzhan , Yang Weiyou , Wu Tom
Published: June 2016

1D mesoporous materials have attracted extensive interest recently, owning to their fascinating properties and versatile applications. However, it remains as a grand challenge to develop a simple and efficient technique to produce oxide nanofibers with mesoporous architectures, controlled morphologies, large surface areas, and optimal performances. In this work, a facile foaming‐assisted electrospinning strategy with foaming agent of tea saponin is used to produce thoroughly mesoporous ZnO nanofibers with high purity and controlled morphology. Interestingly, mesoporous fibers with elliptical cross‐section exhibit the significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production, as compared to the counterparts with circular and rectangular cross‐sections, and they also perform better than the commercial ZnO nanopowders. The unexpected shape dependence of photocatalytic activities is attributed to the different stacking modes of the mesoporous fibers, and a geometrical model is developed to account for the shape dependence. This work represents an important step toward producing thoroughly mesoporous ZnO nanofibers with tailored morphologies, and the discovery that fibers with elliptical cross‐section render the best performance provides a valuable guideline for improving the photocatalytic performance of such mesoporous nanomaterials.
915 nm Light‐Triggered Photodynamic Therapy and MR/CT Dual‐Modal Imaging of Tumor Based on the Nonstoichiometric Na0.52YbF3.52:Er Upconversion Nanoprobes
Authors: Huang Yanan , Xiao Qingbo , Hu Huishan , Zhang Kunchi , Feng Yamin , Li Fujin , Wang Jian , Ding Xianguang , Jiang Jiang , Li Yanfang , Shi Liyi , Lin Hongzhen
Published: June 2016

Lanthanide (Ln3+)‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as a new generation of multimodal bioprobes have attracted great interest for theranostic purpose. Herein, red emitting nonstoichiometric Na0.52YbF3.52:Er UCNPs of high luminescence intensity and color purity are synthesized via a facile solvothermal method. The red UC emission from the present nanophosphors is three times more intense than the well‐known green emission from the ≈30 nm sized hexagonal‐phase NaYF4:Yb,Er UCNPs. By utilizing Na0.52YbF3.52:Er@SrF2 UCNPs as multifunctional nanoplatforms, highly efficient in vitro and in vivo 915 nm light‐triggered photodynamic therapies are realized for the first time, with dramatically diminished overheating yet similar therapeutic effects in comparison to those triggered by 980 nm light. Moreover, by virtue of the high transverse relaxivity (r
2) and the strong X‐ray attenuation ability of Yb3+ ions, these UCNPs also demonstrate good performances as contrast agents for high contrast magnetic resonance and X‐ray computed tomography dual‐modal imaging. Our research shows the great potential of the red emitting Na0.52YbF3.52:Er UCNPs for multimodal imaging‐guided photodynamic therapy of tumors.
Foreign Particle Promoted Crystalline Nucleation for Growing High‐Quality Ultrathin Rubrene Films
Authors: Hu Xiaorong , Wang Zi , Zhu Xiaofei , Zhu Tao , Zhang Xiaodong , Dong Bin , Huang Lizhen , Chi Lifeng
Published: June 2016

Introducing foreign particles or agents as nucleator is an efficient way to promote crystallization in the crystal growth field, with the advantage to speed up the crystallizing rate and control the growth process. However, in the field of organic crystalline film growth, where the crystallization and morphology modulation are of significant importance in optoelectronics, this method has rarely been utilized. Particularly, some potential high‐performance materials such as rubrene face the problem of crystallization during film formation. Here a strategy is reported to promote the crystallization of rubrene films in the initial stage assisted by foreign particles. Highly ordered thin film from the sub‐monolayer stage can be achieved. Efficient charge transport and high mobility up to 2.95 cm2 V−1 s−1 are achieved on thus ultrathin crystalline films. Such a method enables the well controlling of the film growth from the very early stage and produces uniform crystalline films with good reproducibility, thus highly promising to yield desired optoelectrical properties and applications.
CXCR4+CD45− Cells are Niche Forming for Osteoclastogenesis via the SDF-1, CXCL7, and CX3CL1 Signaling Pathways in Bone Marrow
Authors: Goto Yoh , Aoyama Mineyoshi , Sekiya Takeo , Kakita Hiroki , Waguri-Nagaya Yuko , Miyazawa Ken , Asai Kiyofumi , Goto Shigemi
Published: June 2016

Bone homeostasis comprises the balance between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCs), with an acceleration of osteoclastic bone resorption leading to osteoporosis. OCs can be generated from bone marrow cells (BMCs) under the tightly regulated local bone environment. However, it remained difficult to identify the critical cells responsible for providing an osteoclastogenesis niche. In this study, we used a fluorescence-activated cell sorting technique to determine the cell populations important for forming an appropriate microenvironment for osteoclastogenesis and to verify the associated interactions between osteoclast precursor cells and non-OCs. We isolated and removed a small cell population specific for osteoclastogenesis (CXCR4+ CD45−) from mouse BMCs and cultured the remaining cells with receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and macrophage-colony stimulating factor. The resulting cultures showed significantly less large osteoclast formation. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that these CXCR4+ CD45− cells expressed low levels of RANK and RANKL, but high levels of critical chemokines including stromal cell derived factor 1 (SDF-1), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7 (CXCL7), and chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1). Furthermore, an SDF-1-specific antibody strongly suppressed OC formation in RAW264.7 cells and antibodies against SDF-1, CXCL7, and CX3CL1 suppressed OC formation in BMCs. These results suggest that isolated CXCR4+ CD45− cells support an appropriate microenvironment for osteoclastogenesis with a direct effect on the cells expressing SDF-1, CXCL7, and CX3CL1 receptors. The regulation of CXCR4+ CD45− cell function might therefore inform therapeutic strategies for diseases involving loss of bone homeostasis.
Local CXCR4 Upregulation in the Injured Arterial Wall Contributes to Intimal Hyperplasia
Authors: Shi Xudong , Guo Lian-Wang , Seedial Stephen , Takayama Toshio , Wang Bowen , Zhang Mengxue , Franco Sarah R. , Si Yi , Chaudhary Mirnal A , Liu Bo , Kent K. Craig
Published: June 2016

CXCR4 is a stem/progenitor cell surface receptor specific for the cytokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1α). There is evidence that bone marrow-derived CXCR4-expressing cells contribute to intimal hyperplasia (IH) by homing to the arterial subintima which is enriched with SDF-1α. We have previously found that transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and its signaling protein Smad3 are both upregulated following arterial injury and that TGFβ/Smad3 enhances the expression of CXCR4 in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). It remains unknown, however, whether locally induced CXCR4 expression in SM22 expressing vascular SMCs plays a role in neointima formation. Here, we investigated whether elevated TGFβ/Smad3 signaling leads to the induction of CXCR4 expression locally in the injured arterial wall, thereby contributing to IH. We found prominent CXCR4 upregulation (mRNA, 60-fold; protein, 4-fold) in TGFβ-treated, Smad3-expressing SMCs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed a specific association of the transcription factor Smad3 with the CXCR4 promoter. TGFβ/Smad3 treatment also markedly enhanced SDF-1α-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation as well as SMC migration in a CXCR4-dependent manner. Adenoviral expression of Smad3 in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries increased local CXCR4 levels and enhanced IH, whereas SMC-specific depletion of CXCR4 in the wire-injured mouse femoral arterial wall produced a 60% reduction in IH. Our results provide the first evidence that upregulation of TGFβ/Smad3 in injured arteries induces local SMC CXCR4 expression and cell migration, and consequently IH. The Smad3/CXCR4 pathway may provide a potential target for therapeutic interventions to prevent restenosis.
Performance–cost optimization of tuned mass damper under low‐moderate seismic actions
Authors: Greco Rita , Marano Giuseppe Carlo , Fiore Alessandra
Published: June 2016

In this paper, a multi‐objective optimization of a single tuned mass damper is proposed at the aim to control vibrations induced in building structures under low‐moderate earthquakes. The optimum design is carried out by considering both economic and performance criteria. The cost of the device is the economic objective that is assumed directly related to its mechanical parameters. At the aim to control the damage level and the behaviour of components and equipment, the ratio between the absolute accelerations of the protected structure and the unprotected one is assumed as the device performance. A multi‐objective optimization is then formulated, and Pareto optimum solutions are achieved by the Non‐dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm in its second version. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the optimum solution with respect to some input data is carried out. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical and mechanical properties of chlorosulfonated pe(CSPE)/Organoclay nanocomposites compatibilized with epoxidized natural rubber
Authors: Sahami Mehdi , Kalaee Mohammadreza , Aghili Alireza , Mazinani Saeedeh , Yeganeh Jafar Khademzadeh
Published: June 2016

The influences of organoclay on properties of chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE) are scrutinized by loading different filler amounts to the polymeric matrix. In addition, cure characteristics of the prepared nanocomposites are determined by using rheometeric analysis. Although maximum and minimum torque values illustrate a slight increase with the organoclay incorporation, both scorch time and cure time of nanocomposites present a reduction in the presence of organoclay. The tensile strength and elongation at break of nanocomposites went through a maximum as a function of the organoclay content. As expected, the hardness, moduli at 100% and 300% elongations continuously increased along with increasing organoclay loading. The dispersion of organoclay in CSPE chaning was analyzed by X‐ray diffraction and FESEM, methods. The best clay dispersion was achieved at 6 phr lauding by adding ENR 50. This was also observed in the stiffness of nanocomposites derived from both dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and tensile tests. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 23:E180–E187, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of β‐nucleating agent on the crystallization, mechanical properties, and heat resistance of impact‐resistant propylene–ethylene copolymer
Authors: Dou Guorui , Dou Qiang
Published: June 2016

In this study, β‐nucleated impact‐resistant propylene–ethylene copolymer (IPC) samples were prepared via melt compounding. The effect ofβ‐nucleating agents (β‐NAs: NT‐A and NT‐C) on the nonisothermal crystallization and melting behaviors of IPC was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Spherulitic morphology, mechanical properties and heat resistance of the samples were investigated. The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics was analyzed by Mo's method and the crystallization activation energy was calculated by Kissinger's method. The results show that the content ofβ‐crystals and the crystallization rate of theβ‐nucleated IPCs are greater than those of the neat IPC, indicating that NT‐C is more efficient than NT‐A as aβ‐NA. It is also found that the addition ofβ‐NAs decreases the size and increases the number of spherulites significantly. The Izod notched impact strength and heat deflection temperature (HDT) of IPC are also improved byβ‐NAs, accompanied with marginal loss of tensile strength. It is found that theβ‐αphase transition occurred during the HDT tests forβ‐ nucleated IPCs. It is also indicated that Mo's method well describes the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of the samples. The addition ofβ‐NAs remarkably decreases the activation energy of nonisothermal crystallization of IPC. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 24:E36–E47, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Syntheses, Structures, and Electrochemical Properties of Two Bis‐triazole‐bis‐amide‐based Copper(II) Pyridine‐2,3‐dicarboxylate Coordination Polymers
Authors: Zhang Ju‐Wen , Li Xiao‐Li , Kan Xiao‐Min , Liu Ying , Liu Bin‐Qiu
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Two bis‐triazole‐bis‐amide‐based copper(II) pyridine‐2,3‐dicarboxylate coordination polymers (CPs), [Cu(2,3‐pydc)(dtb)0.5(DMF)]·2H2O (1) and [Cu(2,3‐pydc)(dth)0.5(DMF)]·2H2O (2) (2,3‐H2pydc = pyridine‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid, dtb = N,N′‐bis(4H‐1,2,4‐triazole)butanamide, and dth = N,N′‐bis(4H‐1,2,4‐triazole)hexanamide), were synthesized under solvothermal conditions. CPs 1 and 2 show similar two‐dimensional (2D) structures. In 1, the 2,3‐pydc anions bridge the CuII ions into a one‐dimensional (1D) chain. Such 1D chains are linked by the dtb ligands to form a 2D layer. The adjacent 2D layers are extended into a three‐dimensional (3D) supramolecular architecture by hydrogen‐bonding interactions. The electrochemical properties of 1 and 2 were investigated.
Autologous but not Fibrin Sealant Patches for Stump Coverage Reduce Clinically Relevant Pancreatic Fistula in Distal Pancreatectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Weniger Maximilian , D’Haese Jan Goesta , Crispin Alexander , Angele Martin Kurt , Werner Jens , Hartwig Werner
Published: June 2016

Background

Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) causes significant morbidity and mortality after distal pancreatectomy. Patch coverage of the pancreatic stump is often used with the intention to prevent POPF. Despite numerous investigations, the effects of patch coverage remain unclear. The present meta‐analysis aims to clarify the effects of patch coverage in distal pancreatectomy on the incidence of POPF.

Methods

A systematic search of MEDLINE/PubMed and the Cochrane Database according to the PRISMA Statement was performed. Subsequently a meta‐analysis on rates and overall incidence of POPF and length of hospital stay was carried out. By applying the inverse variance weighting method, the combined effect size and 95 % confidence interval were calculated. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics.

Results

Five randomized controlled trials and six observational clinical studies were included for final analysis. A cumulative incidence of 43 % of POPF grades A–C was identified. Patch coverage in distal pancreatectomy is significantly associated with a decreased rate of POPF grade C (p = 0.006). Patches of autologous vascularized tissue significantly reduce the overall incidence of POPF (p = 0.04) and clinically relevant POPF grade B and C (p = 0.002). Fibrin sealant patches do not influence rates of POPF after distal pancreatectomy. None of the outcomes evaluated showed adverse results for the patch group.

Conclusions

Patch coverage after distal pancreatectomy can reduce the rate of POPF. Patch coverage with autologous vascularized tissue but not fibrin sealant patches may be used to reduce clinically relevant POPF and postoperative morbidity in distal pancreatectomy.
Value-based process project portfolio management: integrated planning of BPM capability development and process improvement
Authors: Lehnert Martin , Linhart Alexander , Röglinger Maximilian
Published: June 2016

Business process management (BPM) is an important area of organizational design and an acknowledged source of corporate performance. Over the last decades, many approaches, methods, and tools have been proposed to discover, design, analyze, enact, and improve individual processes. At the same time, BPM research has been and still is paying ever more attention to BPM itself and the development of organizations’ BPM capability. Little, however, is known about how to develop an organization’s BPM capability and improve individual processes in an integrated manner. To address this research gap, we developed a planning model. This planning model intends to assist organizations in determining which BPM- and process-level projects they should implement in which sequence to maximize their firm value, catering for the projects’ effects on process performance and for interactions among projects. We adopt the design science research (DSR) paradigm and draw from project portfolio selection as well as value-based management as justificatory knowledge. For this reason, we refer to our approach as value-based process project portfolio management. To evaluate the planning model, we validated its design specification by discussing it against theory-backed design objectives and with BPM experts from different organizations. We also compared the planning model with competing artifacts. Having instantiated the planning model as a software prototype, we validated its applicability and usefulness by conducting a case based on real-world data and by challenging the planning model against accepted evaluation criteria from the DSR literature.
Functional characteristics of left ventricular synchronization via right ventricular outflow‐tract pacing detected by two‐dimensional strain echocardiography
Authors: Hirayama Yasutaka , Kawamura Yuichiro , Sato Nobuyuki , Saito Tatsuya , Tanaka Hideichi , Saijo Yasuaki , Kikuchi Kenjiro , Ohori Katsumi , Hasebe Naoyuki
Published: June 2016

Background

Recently, due to the detrimental effects on the ventricular function associated with right ventricular apical (RVA) pacing, right ventricular septal (RVS) pacing has become the preferred pacing method. However, the term RVS pacing refers to both right ventricular outflow‐tract (RVOT) and mid‐septal (RVMS) pacing, leading to a misinterpretation of the results of clinical studies. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to elucidate the functional differences of RVA, RVOT, and RVMS pacing in patients with atrioventricular block.

Methods

We compared the QRS duration, global longitudinal strain (GLS), and left ventricular (LV) synchronization parameters at the three pacing sites in 47 patients. The peak systolic strain (PSS) time delay between the earliest and latest segments among the 18 LV segments and standard deviation (SD) of the time to the PSS were also calculated for the 18 LV segments at each pacing site using two‐dimensional (2D) strain echocardiography.

Results

RVMS pacing was associated with a significantly shorter QRS duration compared with RVA and RVOT pacing (154.4±21.4 vs 186.5±19.9 and 171.1±21.5 ms, P<0.001). In contrast, RVOT pacing revealed a greater GLS (−14.69±4.92 vs −13.12±4.76 and −13.51±4.81%, P<0.001), shorter PSS time delay between the earliest and latest segments (236.0±87.9 vs 271.3±102.9 and 281.9±126.6%, P=0.007), and shorter SD of the time to the PSS (70.8±23.8 vs 82.7±30.8 and 81.5±33.7 ms, P=0.002) compared with RVA and RVMS pacing.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the functional characteristics of RVOT pacing may be a more optimal pacing site than RVMS, regardless of the pacing QRS duration, in patients with atrioventricular conduction disorders.
Localization of the Lateral Retinacular Nerve for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Nerve Block for Lateral Knee Pain: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Sutaria Rakhi G. , Lee Se Won , Kim Soo Yeon , Howe Ruth , Downie Sherry A.
Published: June 2016

Background

The lateral retinacular nerve (LRN) is a branch of the superior lateral genicular nerve (SLGN) and is believed to contribute to anterolateral knee pain. The precise anatomical pathway of the LRN, however, has not been demonstrated as it relates to the performance of targeted nerve block procedures.

Objective

To describe the anatomical landmarks for localization of the LRN to facilitate diagnostic and therapeutic nerve blocks in the treatment of chronic anterolateral knee pain.

Design

Descriptive study.

Setting

Anatomy dissection laboratory in an academic institution.

Methods

Twenty lower extremities were dissected in 12 cadavers. The sciatic nerve was identified, and its branch to the posterior aspect of the knee, the SLGN, was dissected. The SLGN dissection was continued distally to identify its first branch, the LRN. Two measurements were taken from the branch point on the lateral knee deep to the distal biceps tendon in alignment with the fibular head. A validation study completed in 4 knees was performed as follows: 1 mL of colored dye was injected at the first and second measurements. The cadaveric knee was then dissected to assess the accuracy.

Main Outcome Measurements

Localization of the branch point of the LRN from the SLGN via dissection and then direct assessment of injected dye at the measurement points via dissection.

Results

The branch point of the LRN from the SLGN was, on average, 5.5 ± 0.66 cm (with a range of 4.5‐7.0 cm) proximal to the lateral tibiofemoral joint line in line with the head of the fibula and 2.6 ± 0.62 cm (2.0‐4.5 cm) proximal to the tip of the lateral femoral epicondyle. On assessment of the 2 measurements, the measurement 5.5 cm proximal to the lateral joint line accurately targeted the branch point in 100% (4/4) of the knees, whereas the measurement 2.6 cm proximal the tip of the lateral femoral epicondyle accurately targeted the branch point in 75% (3/4) of the knees.

Conclusion

The results of this study provide 2 dependable landmarks and a description of the path of the LRN, making it possible to accurately target the LRN to diagnose and alleviate lateral knee pain.
Intrathecal management of complex regional pain syndrome: A case report and literature
Authors: Hagedorn Jonathan M. , Atallah George
Published: June 2016

Background and purpose

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a painful condition typically resulting from a traumatic event. Pain control in these patients is often difficult and requires a multimodal approach. Our objectives are to present a single intrathecal pain management regimen for CRPS and provide a literature review of intrathecal pain management options in CRPS.

Methods

Case report from an academic pain management clinic.

Case report

We present the case of a 29-year-old female with a past medical history of multiple lumbar spine surgeries and lumbar post-laminectomy syndrome who presented to clinic with CRPS type II of the bilateral lower extremities. After failing conservative measures, she underwent placement of a successful intrathecal drug delivery system.

Conclusion

The use of intrathecal medications is useful for pain control in CRPS patients.

Implications

We provide a framework for treatment of CRPS, which could be useful for practitioners dealing with this difficult and painful condition.
Virtue via Association: The National Bureau of Standards, Automobiles, and Political Economy, 1919–1940
Authors: VINSEL LEE
Published: June 2016

During the 1920s, the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) greatly expanded the kinds of activities it undertook, leading to a sense that the agency was ubiquitous. Some of the agency’s new activities were quasi-regulatory: they sought to shape markets and make products safer. The bureau was a part of the Department of Commerce, and its expansion of market-shaping activities took place when Herbert Hoover was Commerce Secretary. In Ellis Hawley’s influential, oft-repeated interpretation of the bureau’s actions during this period, Hoover pioneered an “associational” mode of governance that emphasized industry self-regulation and rational coordination via conferences, trade associations, and other gatherings. In this essay I show how the NBS under Hoover went well beyond fostering industry self-regulation, thus suggesting the need to revise Hawley’s interpretation. This essay is divided into two main sections: the first section examines the thinking of George K. Burgess, who rose to head the NBS in the early 1920s and who put forth an ambitious vision for the bureau’s role in society, particularly around its potential to improve products on the market. The second section then examines one case of the agency’s proliferation of new organizational routines, namely those around the automobile. A close consideration of Burgess and the NBS’s new routines indicates that the NBS extended its reach far beyond its traditional bounds. Most of these novel efforts were aimed at increasing the market’s virtues.
BROOKS’ THEOREM FOR MEASURABLE COLORINGS
Authors: CONLEY CLINTON T. , MARKS ANDREW S. , TUCKER-DROB ROBIN D.
Published: June 2016

We generalize Brooks’ theorem to show that if$G$is a Borel graph on a standard Borel space$X$of degree bounded by$d\geqslant 3$which contains no$(d+1)$-cliques, then$G$admits a${\it\mu}$-measurable$d$-coloring with respect to any Borel probability measure${\it\mu}$on$X$, and a Baire measurable$d$-coloring with respect to any compatible Polish topology on$X$. The proof of this theorem uses a new technique for constructing one-ended spanning subforests of Borel graphs, as well as ideas from the study of list colorings. We apply the theorem to graphs arising from group actions to obtain factor of IID$d$-colorings of Cayley graphs of degree$d$, except in two exceptional cases.
Correlation-induced self-focusing and self-shaping effect of a partially coherent beam
Authors: Chen Yahong , Cai Yangjian
Published: June 2016

A new specially correlated partially coherent beam named nonuniform multi-Gaussian correlated (NMGC) partially coherent beam is introduced. The correlation functions of such beam in

$x$

and

$y$

directions are different from each other, i.e., nonuniform correlation function in one direction and multi-Gaussian correlated Schell-model function in the other direction. The propagation properties of an NMGC partially coherent beam in free pace are demonstrated, and we find that the intensity distribution of such beam exhibits self-focusing and self-shifting effect in one direction and self-shaping effect in the other direction on propagation. The correlation-induced self-focusing and self-shaping effect will be useful in some applications, where the high power and shaped laser is required, such as material thermal processing and laser carving.
New Pleistocene remains of megalonychid ground sloths (Xenarthra: Pilosa) from the intertropical Brazilian region
Authors: De Iuliis Gerardo , Cartelle Cástor , Pujos François
Published: June 2016

The Pleistocene fossil slothAustralonyx aquaeDe Iuliis, Cartelle, and Pujos, 2009 (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Megalonychidae) was described from the intertropical region of Brazil. However, its mandible was not known and only cursory descriptions of the ear ossicles were included. The mandible was subsequently recognized among the remains originally collected from the type locality, and belongs to the holotype individual. As a particularly important skeletal element for specific recognition, it requires description to complement our understanding of this species. The ossicles, usually poorly represented in the fossil record, require further description to allow differentiation from those of other sloths. Comparisons of the mandible and ossicles are conducted with homologous elements of the contemporaneous and sympatricAhytherium aureumCartelle, De Iuliis, and Pujos, 2008, the only other megalonychid sloth known from intertropical Brazil, and reinforce the distinction between these two species detailed in their initial descriptions. Comparisons with other sloths (e.g.,Acratocnus,Megalonyx,Neocnus) also reveal differences withAu.aquaein such features as form and size of the caniniform tooth, angular process, and mandibular condyle. Differences among the malleus and incus ofAu.aquaeand several species of other sloth clades reveal clade level distinctions among Megatheriidae, Nothrotheriidae, and Megalonychidae. A well-preserved skull from the Brazilian state of Rondônia is noted as probably belonging toAu.aquae. This skull cannot be assigned formally to this species because it is not deposited in a recognized institution, but it does extend considerably the known range of the species.
Overcoming the Iron Gates: Austrian Transport and River Regulation on the Lower Danube, 1830s–1840s
Authors: Gatejel Luminita
Published: June 2016

This article deals with early efforts to facilitate steam navigation between Vienna and Constantinople along the Danube. In addition to analyzing the complex negotiation processes that enabled the first regulation project at the so-called Iron Gates, a narrow gorge situated at the Austrian-Ottoman border, it assesses ways in which the new shipping connection transformed the cultural and spatial perceptions of travelers. The article argues that even though the plan for making the Iron Gates navigable was set out on the drawing boards of engineers and in the cabinets in Pest and Vienna, local circumstances changed its practical implementation in a number of important ways. The success of this major engineering operation relied on close cooperation among hydrological experts, state representatives, and entrepreneurs, all of whom had different stakes in the project but still shared a common interest. Establishing a shipping connection to the Black Sea along the Danube was thus the result of an alignment of interests among Hungarian, Viennese, and local Ottoman authorities; a careful match between theoretical knowledge and practical engineering work; and, last but not least, the surmounting of a mental separation between “Orient” and “Occident.”
Colonial Education in the Third Reich: The Witzenhausen Colonial School and the Rendsburg Colonial School for Women
Authors: Sandler Willeke
Published: June 2016

In 1926, the Women's League of the German Colonial Society opened the Rendsburg Colonial School for Women to train young women to go abroad to the former German colonies. This school joined the Witzenhausen Colonial School (for men), founded in 1899, as institutions of colonial education in a Germany now without an overseas empire. After 1933, the schools entered a new phase of their histories. This article examines the Rendsburg and Witzenhausen Colonial Schools in tandem in order to explore the place of colonial education in the Third Reich. Through their curricula, the schools sought to negotiate the value of this education to the ideological and territorial goals of the Third Reich, a negotiation that was not always smooth, as demonstrated by debates about the political and pedagogical suitability of the directors of the schools. World War II heightened the gendered differences between the schools and led to different wartime experiences, in particular the Rendsburg school's participation in Germanization projects in eastern Europe. The trajectory of both schools in the Third Reich demonstrates that the cultural/national/racial importance of colonial work retained relevance and indeed obtained increased value in a Germany without overseas colonies.
Nazi Germany and Islam in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East
Authors: Herf Jeffrey
Published: June 2016

In his global bestseller, Inside the Third Reich, Adolf Hitler's former architect and armaments minister, Albert Speer, cited the German dictator's view that if the Arabs had won the Battle of Tours in the eighth century, “the world would be Mohammedan today.” That was the case, he continued, because “theirs was a religion that believed in spreading the faith by the sword and subjugating all nations to their faith. The Germanic people would have become heirs to that religion. Such a creed was perfectly suited to the Germanic temperament.” Yet, because of what Hitler called Arabs' “racial inferiority” and inability to handle the harsher climate, “they could not have kept down the more vigorous natives, so that ultimately not Arabs but Islamized Germans could have stood at the head of this Mohammedan Empire.” Hitler concluded, “It's been our misfortune to have the wrong religion. Why didn't we have the religion of the Japanese, who regard sacrifice for the Fatherland as the highest good? The Mohammedan religion too would have been much more compatible to us than Christianity. Why did it have to be Christianity with its meekness and flabbiness?”
Bi-directional associations between healthy lifestyles and mood disorders in young adults: The Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study
Authors: Gall S. L. , Sanderson K. , Smith K. J. , Patton G. , Dwyer T. , Venn A.
Published: June 2016

Background

Healthy lifestyles prevent cardiovascular disease and are increasingly recognized in relation to mental health but longitudinal studies are limited. We examined bi-directional associations between mood disorders and healthy lifestyles in a cohort followed for 5 years.

Method

Participants were aged 26–36 years at baseline (2004–2006) and 31–41 years at follow-up (2009–2011). At follow-up, lifetime mood disorders (depression or dysthymia) were retrospectively diagnosed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. A five-item lifestyle score (comprising body mass index, non-smoking, alcohol consumption, leisure time physical activity and healthy diet) was measured at both time points. Linear and log multinomial regression determined if mood disorder before baseline predicted changes in lifestyle (n= 1041). Log binomial regression estimated whether lifestyle at baseline predicted new episodes of mood disorder (n= 1233). Covariates included age, sex, socio-economic position, parental and marital status, social support, major life events, cardiovascular disease history, and self-rated physical and mental health.

Results

A history of mood disorder before baseline predicted unfavourable trajectories of lifestyle over follow-up, including somewhat lower risk of improvement [relative risk (RR) 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56–1.03] and greater risk of worsening (RR 1.46, 95% CI 0.99–2.15) of lifestyle independent of confounding factors. Higher lifestyle scores at baseline were associated with a 22% (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.61–0.95) reduced risk of first episodes of mood disorder, independent of confounding factors.

Conclusions

Healthy lifestyles and mood disorders are closely related. Our results suggest that healthy lifestyles may not only reduce cardiovascular disease but also promote mental health.
THE LABOR OF SOCIAL REPRODUCTION: HOUSEHOLD WORK AND GENDERED POWER IN THE HISTORY OF CAPITALISM, 1870–1930
Authors: Batzell Rudi
Published: June 2016

•

Susan Porter Benson, Household Accounts: Working-Class Family Economies in the Interwar United States (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2007).

•

Evelyn Nakano Glenn, Forced to Care: Coercion and Caregiving in America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010).

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Elaine Lewinnek, The Working Man's Reward: Chicago's Early Suburbs and the Roots of American Sprawl (Oxford: Oxford University Press, USA, 2014).

•

Katherine Leonard Turner, How the Other Half Ate: A History of Working-Class Meals at the Turn of the Century, California Studies in Food and Culture 48 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2014).

•

Karol K. Weaver, Medical Caregiving and Identity in Pennsylvania's Anthracite Region, 1880–2000 (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2011).

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Wendy A. Woloson, In Hock: Pawning in America from Independence through the Great Depression (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009).
Living in Communion within Anglicanism
Authors: Atta-Baffoe Victor
Published: June 2016

In the Anglican Communion today, stress on tendencies such as liberalism and conservatism, evangelicalism and modernism, continues to separate people in Christ from each other. Arguments over sexuality, women’s ordination, gender, inclusive language, and theological differences continue to create division and antagonism in the Church. This article develops the role of embodied community (koinonia) and sacramental participation as the vital centre of shared Anglican unity. It makes use of Paul Avis’s concept of ‘progressive orthodoxy’ as a way of articulating what is shared by the independent churches of the Anglican Communion. The radical demand of the gospel compels us to appreciate and come to terms with Anglicanism, not so much in any specific, well defined theology, nor ecclesiastical bureaucracy, but rather in our mutual participation in the one Lord, one faith, one baptism (Eph. 4.4-6).