bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Factors Influencing the Use of Take-Home-Naloxone
Authors: Holland Taylor J. , Penm Jonathan , Johnson Jacinta , Sarantou Maria , Chaar Betty B.
Published: December 2020

Background and Aims: Opioid associated death and overdose is a growing burden in societies all over the world. In recent years, legislative changes have increased access to naloxone in the take-home setting for use by patients with a substance use disorder and bystanders, to prevent opioid overdose deaths. However, few studies have explored the factors influencing the uptake by its multiple stakeholders. The aim of this scoping review was to explore the factors influencing the use of take-home naloxone from the perspectives of different stakeholders. Methods: A scoping review methodology was adopted with a systematic search of databases EMBASE, MEDLINE and PubMed. A variation of the search words “naloxone”, “opioid” and “overdose” were used in each database. The articles were screened according to the predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria and categorized based on their key perspective or target population. Results: The initial database search yielded a total of 1483 articles. After a series of screening processes, 51 articles were included for analysis. Two key stakeholder perspectives emerged: patients and bystanders (n = 36), and healthcare professionals (n = 15). Within the patient and bystander group, a strong consensus arose that there were positive outcomes from increased access to take-home naloxone and relevant training programs. Despite these positive outcomes, some healthcare professionals were concerned that take-home naloxone would encourage high-risk opioid use. Conclusion: Take-home naloxone is slowly being introduced into community practice, with a sense of enthusiasm from patients and bystanders. There are still a number of barriers that need to be addressed from healthcare professionals’ perspective. Future research should be aimed at emergency care professionals outside of the US, who are most experienced with naloxone and its potential impact on the community.
Novel Study for Energy Recovery from the Cooling–Solidification Stage of Synthetic Slag Manufacturing: Estimation of the Potential Energy Recovery
Authors: Baena-Moreno Francisco M. , Rodríguez-Galán Mónica , Navarrete Benito , Vilches Luis F.
Published: December 2020

Herein, a novel method for energy recovery from molten synthetic slags is analyzed. In this work, the potential energy that could be recovered from the production of synthetic slag is estimated by means of an integrated experimental–theoretical study. The energy to be recovered comes from the cooling–solidification stage of the synthetic slag manufacturing. Traditionally, the solidification stage has been carried out through quick cooling with water, which does not allow the energy recovery. In this paper, a novel cooling method based on metal spheres is presented, which allows the energy recovery from the molten slags. Two points present novelty in this work: (1) the method for measuring the metal spheres temperature (2) and the estimation of the energy that could be recovered from these systems in slag manufacturing. The results forecasted that the temperature achieved by the metal spheres was in the range of 295–410 °C in the center and 302–482 °C on the surface. Furthermore, we estimated that 325–550 kJ/kg of molten material could be recovered, of which 15% of the energy consumption is in the synthetic slag manufacturing process. Overall, the results obtained confirmed the potential of our proposal for energy recovery from the cooling–solidification stage of synthetic slag manufacturing.
The Lithium Industry and Analysis of the Beta Term Structure of Oil Companies
Authors: Monge Manuel , Gil-Alana Luis A.
Published: December 2020

According to a statement made in the BP Energy Outlook report in 2017, most of the world’s liquid fuel (petroleum) is being consumed by the transportation industry. The mechanisms used to stimulate changes in the energy markets are affected by government policies that act in more ambitious ways than purely market-driven forces; different governments have promoted incentives involving electric mobility, especially in urban areas. The substitution for crude oil by renewable energy inputs in the transport sector is a major concern for oil producers. Among the different types of clean energies, lithium (Li) is currently assuming an increasingly strategic role. The goals of this paper are two-fold: First, we study the dynamics of the lithium industry and then the beta risk behavior of the 10 largest oil companies in the world for the time period between 11 February 2008 and 10 January 2019. We use an approach based on the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) method. The results indicate that there is a period of dependence between late 2013 and 2016 that occurs in the long-run frequencies of between 32 and 198 days for all cases, except for in the case of PetroChina, thereby demonstrating that the beta term is time-varying. We also find evidence that the beta term reflects and advances oil companies’ responsiveness to movements in the lithium market. In the second part of the paper, we study the dynamics of the beta series by using long-run dependence approaches. The results indicate that the betas are highly persistent, with the order of integration found to be significantly above 1 in all cases.
Accuracy Assessment of GEDI Terrain Elevation and Canopy Height Estimates in European Temperate Forests: Influence of Environmental and Acquisition Parameters
Authors: Adam Markus , Urbazaev Mikhail , Dubois Clémence , Schmullius Christiane
Published: December 2020

Lidar remote sensing has proven to be a powerful tool for estimating ground elevation, canopy height, and additional vegetation parameters, which in turn are valuable information for the investigation of ecosystems. Spaceborne lidar systems, like the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI), can deliver these height estimates on a near global scale. This paper analyzes the accuracy of the first version of GEDI ground elevation and canopy height estimates in two study areas with temperate forests in the Free State of Thuringia, central Germany. Digital terrain and canopy height models derived from airborne laser scanning data are used as reference heights. The influence of various environmental and acquisition parameters (e.g., canopy cover, terrain slope, beam type) on GEDI height metrics is assessed. The results show a consistently high accuracy of GEDI ground elevation estimates under most conditions, except for areas with steep slopes. GEDI canopy height estimates are less accurate and show a bigger influence of some of the included parameters, specifically slope, vegetation height, and beam sensitivity. A number of relatively high outliers (around 9–13% of the measurements) is present in both ground elevation and canopy height estimates, reducing the estimation precision. Still, it can be concluded that GEDI height metrics show promising results and have potential to be used as a basis for further investigations.
Gait-Based Identification Using Deep Recurrent Neural Networks and Acceleration Patterns
Authors: Peinado-Contreras Angel , Munoz-Organero Mario
Published: December 2020

This manuscript presents an approach to the challenge of biometric identification based on the acceleration patterns generated by a user while walking. The proposed approach uses the data captured by a smartphone’s accelerometer and gyroscope sensors while the users perform the gait activity and optimizes the design of a recurrent neural network (RNN) to optimally learn the features that better characterize each individual. The database is composed of 15 users, and the acceleration data provided has a tri-axial format in the X-Y-Z axes. Data are pre-processed to estimate the vertical acceleration (in the direction of the gravity force). A deep recurrent neural network model consisting of LSTM cells divided into several layers and dense output layers is used for user recognition. The precision results obtained by the final architecture are above 97% in most executions. The proposed deep neural network-based architecture is tested in different scenarios to check its efficiency and robustness.
Modeling and Prediction of Wearable Energy Harvesting Sliding Shoes for Metabolic Cost and Energy Rate Outside of the Lab
Authors: Shull Peter B. , Xia Haisheng
Published: December 2020

The recent explosion of wearable electronics has led to widespread interest in harvesting human movement energy, particularly during walking, for clinical and health applications. However, the amount of energy available to harvest and the required metabolic rate for wearable energy harvesting varies across subjects. In this paper, we utilize custom energy harvesting sliding shoes to develop and evaluate multivariate linear regression models to predict metabolic rate and energy harvesting rate during overground walking outside of the lab. Subjects performed 200 m self-selected normal and fast walking trials on flat ground with custom sliding shoes. Metabolic rate was measured with a portable breathing analysis system and energy harvesting rate was measured directly from the generator on the custom sliding shoes. Model performance was determined by comparing the difference between actual and predicted metabolic and energy harvesting rates. Overall, predictive modeling closely matched the actual values, and there was no statistical difference between actual and predicted average metabolic rate or between actual and predicted average energy harvesting rate. Energy harvesting sliding shoes could potentially be used for a variety of wearable devices to reduce onboard energy storage, and these findings could serve to inform expected energy harvesting rates and associated required metabolic cost for a diverse array of medical and health applications.
Distributed Kalman Filtering Based on the Non-Repeated Diffusion Strategy
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Shen Yan
Published: December 2020

Estimation accuracy is the core performance index of sensor networks. In this study, a kind of distributed Kalman filter based on the non-repeated diffusion strategy is proposed in order to improve the estimation accuracy of sensor networks. The algorithm is applied to the state estimation of distributed sensor networks. In this sensor network, each node only exchanges information with adjacent nodes. Compared with existing diffusion-based distributed Kalman filters, the algorithm in this study improves the estimation accuracy of the networks. Meanwhile, a single-target tracking simulation is performed to analyze and verify the performance of the algorithm. Finally, by discussion, it is proved that the algorithm exhibits good all-round performance, not only regarding estimation accuracy.
Association between Maxillary Posterior Teeth Periapical Odontogenic Lesions and Maxillary Sinus Mucosal Thickening: A 3D Volumetric Computed Tomography Analysis
Authors: Simuntis Regimantas , Tušas Paulius , Kubilius Ričardas , Leketas Marijus , Šiupšinskienė Nora , Vaitkus Saulius
Published: December 2020

Background: The detailed relationship between apical periodontitis and maxillary sinus mucosal thickening is still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between maxillary posterior teeth periapical odontogenic lesions and maxillary sinus mucosal (MSM) thickening by using volumetric 3D CT analysis. Methods: A total of 83 subjects with apical periodontitis around maxillary posterior teeth and maxillary sinus mucosal thickening were selected. 3D models of maxillary sinus mucosa and apical lesions were reconstructed from CT, and their volume, mean diameter were calculated. Results: Mean MSM thickening was 8.81 ± 12.59 mm with an average volume of 5092.58 ± 7435.38 mm3. Men had higher MSM thickening than women. Mean diameter of apical lesion was 5.94 ± 2.68 mm; average volume was 200.5 ± 197.29 mm3. Mean distance between MSM and apical lesion was 1.83 ± 2.07 mm. Mucosal volume was the highest in the S1 and D1 configuration and the lowest in R3. Reducing the distance between apical lesion and MSM by each millimetre, the volume of MSM increases by 759.99 mm3. Conclusions: Volumetric CT analysis is a circumstantial method to evaluate the association between maxillary posterior teeth apical periodontitis and MSM thickening. This relationship is not related to the size of the apical lesion but depends on their anatomical position and the distance from the maxillary sinus mucosa.
Shifting Discourse on Climate and Sustainability: Key Characteristics of the Higher Education Fossil Fuel Divestment Movement
Authors: Gibson Dylan , Duram Leslie A.
Published: December 2020

In the last decade, the fossil fuel divestment (FFD) movement has emerged as a key component of an international grassroots mobilization for climate justice. Using a text analysis of Facebook pages for 144 campaigns at higher education institutions (HEIs), this article presents an overview and analysis of the characteristics of the higher education (HE) FFD movement in the US. The results indicate that campaigns occur at a wide array of HEIs, concentrated on the east and west coasts. Primarily student led, campaigns set broad goals for divestment, while reinvestment is often a less clearly defined objective. Campaigns incorporate a mixture of environmental, social, and economic arguments into their messaging. Justice is a common theme, used often in a broad context rather than towards specific populations or communities impacted by climate change or other social issues. These insights contribute to the understanding of the HE FFD movement as ten years of campus organizing approaches. In particular, this study illustrates how the movement is pushing sustainability and climate action in HE and in broader society towards a greater focus on systemic change and social justice through campaigns’ hardline stance against fossil fuels and climate justice orientation.
Comparative Analysis of Real-Time Fall Detection Using Fuzzy Logic Web Services and Machine Learning
Authors: Pandya Bhavesh , Pourabdollah Amir , Lotfi Ahmad
Published: December 2020

Falls are the main cause of susceptibility to severe injuries in many humans, especially for older adults aged 65 and over. Typically, falls are being unnoticed and interpreted as a mere inevitable accident. Various wearable fall warning devices have been created recently for older people. However, most of these devices are dependent on local data processing. Various algorithms are used in wearable sensors to track a real-time fall effectively, which focuses on fall detection via fuzzy-as-a-service based on IEEE 1855–2016, Java Fuzzy Markup Language (FML) and service-oriented architecture. Moreover, several approaches are used to detect a fall using machine learning techniques via human movement positional data to avert any accidents. For fuzzy logic web services, analysis is performed using wearable accelerometer and gyroscope sensors, whereas in machine learning techniques, k-NN, decision tree, random forest and extreme gradient boost are used to differentiate between a fall and non-fall. This study aims to carry out a comparative analysis of real-time fall detection using fuzzy logic web services and machine learning techniques and aims to determine which one is better for real-time fall detection. Research findings exhibit that the proposed fuzzy-as-a-service could easily differentiate between fall and non-fall occurrences in a real-time environment with an accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 90%, 88.89% and 91.67%, respectively, while the random forest algorithm of machine learning achieved 99.19%, 98.53% and 99.63%, respectively.
Toward Nonlocal Electrodynamics of Accelerated Systems
Authors: Mashhoon Bahram
Published: December 2020

We revisit acceleration-induced nonlocal electrodynamics and the phenomenon of photon spin-rotation coupling. The kernel of the theory for the electromagnetic field tensor involves parity violation under the assumption of linearity of the field kernel in the acceleration tensor. However, we show that parity conservation can be maintained by extending the field kernel to include quadratic terms in the acceleration tensor. The field kernel must vanish in the absence of acceleration; otherwise, a general dependence of the kernel on the acceleration tensor cannot be theoretically excluded. The physical implications of the quadratic kernel are briefly discussed.
Dissecting the NK Cell Population in Hematological Cancers Confirms the Presence of Tumor Cells and Their Impact on NK Population Function
Authors: Vo Dang-Nghiem , Constantinides Michael , Allende-Vega Nerea , Alexia Catherine , Cartron Guillaume , Villalba Martin
Published: December 2020

The lymphocyte lineage natural killer (NK) cell is part of the innate immune system and protects against pathogens and tumor cells. NK cells are the main cell effectors of the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that mediates antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). Hence, it is relevant to understand NK physiology and status to investigate the biological effect of mAbs in the clinic. NK cells are heterogeneous with multiple subsets that may have specific activity against different attacks. The presence of viral-sculpted NK cell populations has already been described, but the presence of cancer-sculpted NK cells remains unknown. Cancer induces a broad NK cell dysfunction, which has not been linked to a specific population. Here, we investigated the NK cell population by Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) embed maps in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients at diagnosis and at least 30 days after treatment, which correlates with tumor cell clearance. We found that the NK lineage largely responded to the tumor by generating antitumor NK cells and renewing the population with a subset of immature NK cells. However, we failed to identify a specific “memory-like” subset with the NK cell markers used. Moreover, in patients in relapse, we found essentially the same NK populations as those found at diagnosis, suggesting that NK cells equally respond to the first or second tumor rise. Finally, we observed that previous cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection largely affects the tumor-associated changes in NK population, but the CMV-associated CD57+NKG2C+ NK cell population does not appear to play any role in tumor immunity.
Precision Tools in Immuno-Oncology: Synthetic Gene Circuits for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Bonfá Giuliano , Blazquez-Roman Juan , Tarnai Rita , Siciliano Velia
Published: December 2020

Engineered mammalian cells for medical purposes are becoming a clinically relevant reality thanks to advances in synthetic biology that allow enhanced reliability and safety of cell-based therapies. However, their application is still hampered by challenges including time-consuming design-and-test cycle iterations and costs. For example, in the field of cancer immunotherapy, CAR-T cells targeting CD19 have already been clinically approved to treat several types of leukemia, but their use in the context of solid tumors is still quite inefficient, with additional issues related to the adequate quality control for clinical use. These limitations can be overtaken by innovative bioengineering approaches currently in development. Here we present an overview of recent synthetic biology strategies for mammalian cell therapies, with a special focus on the genetic engineering improvements on CAR-T cells, discussing scenarios for the next generation of genetic circuits for cancer immunotherapy.
Violência escolar e intervenção policial
Authors: Bedendo Ricardo
Published: December 2020

O objetivo é debater a violência escolar com ênfase em projetos que aproximam polícia e escola, em algumas regiões do mundo, incluindo o Brasil. O artigo ancora-se na sociologia crítica que dá forma à pergunta-problema que fundamenta a pesquisa de doutorado realizada pelo autor no programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais da UFJF: Por quê a polícia na escola? O estudo é pautado na metodologia foucaultiana que interpreta as práticas discursivas e não discursivas como produtoras de efeitos, de verdades, de saberes, de realidades, de campos de relações e de sujeitamentos. Os relatos de experiências de policiamento escolar mostram como questões relacionadas à criminalização do comportamento estudantil, a penalização da juventude, a políticas de tolerância zero e a judicialização dos conflitos estão no centro de uma transição que incorpora cada vez mais a segurança pública como agência para a solução de problemas que desafiam a esfera pedagógica tradicional.
Uma análise de rede das mídias tradicionais e a cobertura das eleições de 2018
Authors: Barbosa Diniz Renan , De Araújo Mendes Virgílio
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo visa discutir como alguns veículos de mídia impressa realizaram a cobertura das eleições de 2018. As mídias jornalísticas constituem um aspecto importante para a construção da opinião pública em uma democracia, e também, cumprem papel de agentes de distribuição do fluxo informacional. Assim, este trabalho apresenta ​estatísticas descritivas sobre a proporção da presença de cada candidato nas capas de mídia impressa, a fim de contribuir para a literatura dedicada ao estudo da cobertura midiática em períodos eleitorais e tentar responder à pergunta se houve ou não viés na cobertura eleitoral de 2018. Para além disso, utilizamos também o ​método de Análise de Redes Sociais (ARS) como ferramenta analítica no intuito de identificar as redes de relacionamento dos atores políticos presentes na cobertura destes veículos. Nossos resultados apontam para dois momentos diferentes das eleições, ambos com cobertura desigual dos candidatos. Um antes da facada sofrida por Bolsonaro, quando Lula era o personagem mais citado, e outro posterior à facada, quando Bolsonaro teve presença majoritária nas mídias estudadas.
Turismo y Áreas Naturales Protegidas en México: una aproximación a su estudio desde la Ecología Política
Authors: Palafox-Muñoz Alejandro , Vilchis-Onofre Adrian Alejandro
Published: December 2020

Resumen: Con la crítica al deterioro ambiental, causado por el sistema económico, se han modificado las estrategias de penetración del modelo neoliberal en los espacios rurales, a fin de establecer una hegemonía instituida desde los organismos internacionales, pero aparentando consenso entre actores sociales e interés en el desarrollo comunitario mediante la nueva ruralidad. Dicha política ha motivado el cambio de las actividades primarias al sector servicios. El papel del Estado es el de establecer las condiciones para la mercantilización de la naturaleza, para lo cual se basa en dos estrategias: turismo para la valoración económica del paisaje; y Áreas Naturales Protegidas para garantizar la propiedad del territorio; ambos elementos siempre bajo el discurso de la sustentabilidad. El presente documento pretende, mediante una revisión de las bases de la ecología política, contribuir al estudio de la nueva relación entre el hombre y la naturaleza mediada por la subordinación de las relaciones de producción y subsunción de los medios de producción al capital utilizando como ejes estratégicos el turismo y las Áreas Naturales Protegidas.

Palabras clave: Áreas Naturales Protegidas. Ecología Política. Turismo.
Bibliometric Analysis of Bibliometric Studies on Tourism Published in Turkey
Authors: Yilmaz Ibrahim
Published: December 2020

Abstract: This paper utilizes bibliometric analysis to evaluate tourism related bibliometric articles published in peer-reviewed journals in Turkey. To do this, a total of 48 scholarly articles in the past decade (from 2009 to 2018) were included in the analysis. According to the results, the maximum volume of articles was published in 2018. The majority of the articles have multiple authors. The most prolific authors were research assistants and assistant professors. Balikesir University was the top contributor institution. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies was the leading journal. The most popular theme/subject of the papers was Gastronomy and Culinary Arts. This study is the first specific bibliometric study in international literature that revealed the profile of tourism related bibliometric articles in Turkey. It is also important in terms of theoretical and practical implications for future research in the field. 

Keywords: Tourism. Bibliometric Analysis. Scientific Articles. Turkey.
Residents’ Perception Towards Thermal Tourism Impacts
Authors: Bertan Serkan
Published: December 2020

Abstract: This study involves an analysis of residents’ perceptions towards tourism impacts. In line with this purpose, secondary data were analyzed first and then data were collected through field research. Field research involved using questionnaire forms to collect data. Questionnaires were implemented through face-to-face method with the residents of Karahayıt destination. Factor analysis was conducted with the purpose of identifying variable groups of the perceptions towards thermal tourism impacts, and regression analysis was conducted to analyze the factors impacting the support of residents for thermal tourism development. As a result of factor analysis, statements were grouped under four factors in scope of classifications differentiating these as social and living costs-benefits. Regression analysis was conducted for the relation between support of residents for the developments of thermal tourism, and social and living costs-benefits. The findings showed that social benefit, living benefit, living cost and social cost variables had a significant impact on the support of residents for the developments of thermal tourism. The independent variable with the highest explanation rate in regard to the dependent variable was found to be social benefit, followed by living benefit, living cost and social cost.

Keywords: Residents. Residents’ Perceptions. Thermal Tourism. Thermal Tourism Development.
Re-membering with river Daugava: Poetic engagements with water memory
Authors: Lapiņa Linda
Published: December 2020

Sound-, Land- And Story-Scapes Of Daugava.
The waters were wide: A report on the Art and Science Project “Water/Wai: Mountains to the Sea”
Authors: McKinlay Pamela , Rock Jenny
Published: December 2020

The first known Greek/Phonecian philosopher of science, Thales of Miletus, viewed water as both the centre of life and the unifier of nature. We would all still agree – water is essential to life as we know it. Over the millennia, whole civilizations have risen and fallen depending on fresh water security; our species has adapted, thrived, or been decimated, depending on the availability of water. For this reason, water has always been the subject of close governance and stewardship.In 2019, the seventh in the Art and Science Project series embarked on Art+Water, with the theme of “Water: Mountains to the Sea.”This theme was interpreted in many ways, including: the forms of water, water-related protein structures, ice-formation, water-borne disease in birds, fossilized structures made by aquatic/ marine animals, the impacts of land-use on water quality, water-born environmental DNA, the effects of ocean acidification on marine calcifying organisms, the ecology of coastline shallows and deep ocean canyons, bioengineering on farmland, and conflicts in communities around water scarcity. Several projects involved community-based environmental restoration work, including volunteer projects at the Sinclair Wetlands and at Lake Wanaka.As for previous Art and Science projects, the aim of Art+Water was to foster artistic response to scientific research, rather than its illustration.
Kōpata
Authors: Eketone Heramaahina
Published: December 2020

Report from the Art+Water art and science project 2019.Tohu (marks and signs2) are a form of literacy and are boundless within “te ao toi” (the art world), but there are particular tohu that encourage story telling or interpretations of the different forms, or even the personifications, of wai. This artwork is an attempt at a figurative description of what happens when water falls.
Ice Is Cool – Artist’s response to John Tyndall, “Ice Flowers”
Authors: McKinlay Pamela
Published: December 2020

Report from the Art+Water, art and science project 2019.Ice at the Margins was a series of woven panels made in response to “The Forms of Water in Clouds and Rivers, Ice and Glaciers”, written by John Tyndall in 1872. Tyndall has been called the “father of climate change” and his work on the properties of gases to absorb and transmit radiant heat led to speculation on how fluctuations in water vapour could be related to climate, and how these gases help to moderate temperature on planet Earth. His book has never been out of print. Noting that a leading international climate research centre is named after him1, I am interested in the significance of Tyndall’s contribution to the history of science, and the continuing effects of greenhouse gases on changes in the cryosphere and impacts on water security. My focus for the Art+Water project was “ice”, and my muse was Tyndall’s historical “ice-flowers” experiment.2
Present/Forthcoming: Tracing imagined waters and their inhabitants
Authors: Kelly Madison
Published: December 2020

Report from the Art+Water, art and science project 2019.Present/forthcoming -  a collaboration between Kelly's studio practices and the workings of Jon Linqvist’s ichnology research.
Art + Science + Dung Beetles: Collaborating to Sustain People, Land and Water
Authors: Curtin Emma , Ritchie Jessica , Moller Henrik
Published: December 2020

Report from the Art+Water, art and science project 2019.Dung beetles connect history, myth, science, and economy. They symbolise regeneration and restoration of life. They keep vital ecological cycles churning, build soil, disperse nutrients, and even play a role in protecting our streams. They improve soils to help feed people. That makes dung beetles joiners and menders – what better agents for connecting the minds and hearts of an artist (Jessica Ritchie), an entomologist (Emma Curtin) and an ecologist (Henrik Moller) in an Art+Water project?
Estudo da viabilidade de implementação de cisternas no semiárido Brasileiro
Authors: Leite Nayanne Maria Gonçalves , Lima Santana Lívia , Barbosa Rubens Barrichello Gomes , Santos Maria Isabel Ferreira , Gomes Flavia Nascimento , Rodrigues Layane Moura , Arruda Deliane Andrade , Ribeiro George do Nascimento
Published: December 2020

A gestão e distribuição de recursos hídricos é um grande desafio para os governantes, pois a água é um elemento essencial a todo ser humano. Quando se trata desta questão na zona rural semiárida brasileira, nota-se a ausência de abastecimento e atendimento precário de água, tornando a região onde os efeitos da escassez hídrica são mais sentidos no país. Um caminho adotado para contornar esta situação, foi a captação de água das chuvas por meio de cisternas promovido pela Articulação do Semiárido (ASA), gerando o Programa um Milhão de Cisternas (P1MC). Tendo em vista que a implementação de projetos como este demandam a harmonia entre os governantes e a sociedade, nem sempre se tem o resultado final desejado. Outro ponto a se destacar é que a água armazenada pode não ter a qualidade almejada para consumo humano. Com base nessas possíveis problemáticas, a presente pesquisa teve o objetivo de analisar a viabilidade da implementação das cisternas no semiárido brasileiro, com base em levantamentos de dados pesquisados em fontes seguras. Todavia, foi verificado que programas de implementação de cisternas conferem uma alternativa para resolver o problema da escassez hídrica na região semiárida, além de promover uma melhoria na economia das comunidades e maior qualidade de vida para a população.
ЛЕКСИЧНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ СЛОВА ЯК НЕСЕМІОТИЧНА КАТЕГОРІЯ
Authors: Степанченко И. И.
Published: December 2020

У статті представлені загальні властивості моделі лексичного значення слова як несеміотичної категорії. У лінгвістиці склалися два основні підходи до визначення лексичного значення: відбивний і релятивний. Прибічники першого підходу визначають лексичне значення слова як відображення у свідомості людини істотних ознак певного класу явищ дійсності. Прихильники релятивного підходу (С. Ульман, Л. Вітгенштейн, Ч. Морріс і ін.) розглядали лексичне значення як зв'язки, переходи, відносини. Вчені, які представляли обидва підходи, засновували свої теорії на семіотичних уявленнях про сутність мови. Антропоцентричні принципи вивчення мовних явищ мають на увазі вихід у суміжні сфери знань про людину, в т.ч. і в галузь філософії. М.М. Правдін справедливо вважав, що з позицій діалектичного матеріалізму відношення між дійсністю, мисленням і мовою не зводяться до стосунків знакової репрезентації, оскільки кожен з цих трьох світів є діалектичною єдністю конкретного і абстрактного. Абстрактна сторона дійсності – сфера законів, зв’язків, стосунків між явищами не піддається безпосередньому відображенню в мисленні у вигляді зв'язків між образами відповідних явищ, тобто суть і поняття не пов'язані стосунками знаку і означаемого. Зв’язки між іменами в мовній системі не є знаком стосунків між “предметними” образами. Це дозволяє дійти висновку про те, що стосунки між “предметними” образами і стосунки між іменами усередині мови – дві різні, але тісно пов’язані в комунікативному акті системи. У розвиток цієї теорії лексичне значення визначається в статті як система неграматичних правил оперування словом усередині мовної системи. Таке визначення дозволяє інакше розглядати системну організацію лексики в мові.
ГЕНЕЗИС КОГНІТИВНОГО ПІДХОДУ У ФІЛОСОФІЇ ТА ЛІНГВІСТИЦІ
Authors: Стаценко E. Н.
Published: December 2020

Cтаттю присвячено аналізу теорій мовного глотогенезу в період Середньовіччя, а також в епоху Відродження і Просвітництва, аж до початку XIX століття, що стали основою лінгвістичних наукових знань, а також виявили спроби вчених встановити зв'язок між мовою і розумовими процесами. Досліджуються роботи вчених, що стали базовими для розвитку мовознавства як науки і дали стимул для розробки нових парадигм у сфері сучасної когнітивної науки. Акцентується увага на тих філософських і лінгвістичних постулатах, які стояли біля витоків розробок науки про мову як засобу спілкування і пізнання світу людиною і вказали на безпосередній зв'язок між мовними і розумовими процесами. У статті розглядається питання спадкоємністі наукових парадигм. Актуальним для сучасних лінгвістів-когнітологів, таких як Т. Гівон, О.С. Кубрякова, Дж. Лайонз, Б.А. Сєрєбрєнніков, стали дослідження частин мови з когнітивної точки зору, але ще в середні віки французьким філософом П'єром Абеляром, який порушує питання про співвідношення значень імен та дієслів. Розмірковуючи про семантичне різноманіття слів, вчений висуває свою теорію про три види значень: інтелектуальне, уявне (чуттєве) та істинне (або реальне). Справжнім проривом у філологічній та філософській думці стала мовна концепція В. фон Гумбольдта. Його постулати пояснювали природу мови, виявляли сутність мислення. Вчений піддав дослідженню різноманітність форм взаємодії мови і розумових процесів, врівноважуючи їх за значимістю. Це дозволило вперше в аспекті антропоцентризму визначити науку про цілісність людської ментальності та мовної діяльності, представивши її триєдиною формулою: людина – мова – мислення.
ЛІНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ НАВЧАННЯ РОСІЙСЬКІЙ МОВІ: ПРО КРИТЕРІЇ ПЕРЕВІРКИ ЗНАНЬ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ КУРСУ «КРАЇНОЗНАВСТВО»)
Authors: Вальченко И. В. , Соколова Г. П. , Плотникова Т. А. , Сергейчук Л. В.
Published: December 2020

Статтю присвячено питанням системи контролю в соціокультурній та лінгвокраїнознавчій сферах спілкування (зокрема, за курсом «Країнознавство»). У статті описуються форми контролю знань, умінь і навичок студентів підготовчого факультету на заняттях з країнознавства. Підкреслюється величезне значення курсу «Країнознавство» в процесі соціально-культурної адаптації студентів. Мета статті − показати різноманітні способи та прийоми перевірки знань, які можуть бути застосовані викладачем на практичних заняттях. Завданням для авторів є: пошук ефективних форм контролю, виявлення механізмів оптимізації навчального процесу, здатних розвивати міжкультурну компетенцію учнів, а також сприяти позитивному настрою студентів під час різноманітних тестів. При цьому важливу роль грає відбір матеріалу для читання з країнознавства, на базі якого проводяться тести та контрольні завдання. Будучи одним із діючих засобів формування лінгвокультурної компетенції, дані учбові тексти, які несуть інформацію щодо країни, культури, подій та людей, дозволяють іноземним учням отримати нові знання і засвоїти цінності, духовну культуру та морально-етичні основи народу країни навчання. Особливу увагу приділено тестовому контролю, як найбільш ефективному засобу перевірки знань; представлено різні види тестів на матеріалі навчального комплексу, дані численні приклади. Автори приходять до висновку, що тексти для контролю повинні бути пізнавальними, викликати інтерес в учнів і бути досить складними; при перевірці знань необхідно використовувати різні групи завдань, враховуючи ступінь вивчення студентами лексико-граматичного матеріалу, їх загальні «фонові» знання, емоційний настрій, а також досить обережно інтерпретувати підсумки любого контролю, що допоможе мінімізувати так звані «страхи невдач». Базовими методами дослідження є контрастивно-порівнювальний та культурно-типологічний.
ПОПУЛЯРИЗАЦІЯ ЕЛЕКТРОННОГО УРЯДУВАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ ЯК ЗАПОРУКА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ПРОЦЕСУ ДЕМОКРАТИЗАЦІЇ: ПОЛІТИКО-КУЛЬТУРНИЙ РАКУРС
Authors: Куц Б. Ю.
Published: December 2020

Стаття присвячена виявленню специфіки популяризації електронного урядування в Україні. Зазначається, що важливою компонентою електронного урядування є електронна демократія, завдяки якій постає можливість уникнення надмірної бюрократизації в системі органів влади, наближення влади до громадян шляхом задоволення їхніх потреб, використання технологій інформаційного суспільства в організації управлінського процесу, знищення корупційних «пасток» у системі надання послуг населенню та ін.

Аргументується, що популяризація електронного урядування здатна стати успішною при вмілій доступній подачі інформації. В епоху інформаційного суспільства з’явилися нові можливості для популяризації практик електронного врядування: через мас-медіа, соціальні мережі, соціальну рекламу тощо.

Обґрунтовується, що популяризація електронного врядування серед населення здатна стати запорукою успішності процесу демократизації, оскільки це сприятиме формуванню демократичної політичної культури суспільства, основою якої є культивування довіри, консолідації, толерантності тощо.
КЛАНИ ТУРКМЕНІСТАНУ: ІСТОРИКО-ПОЛІТИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ (продовження)
Authors: Онацький М. Ю.
Published: December 2020

Досліджуються роль та місце кланових інститутів у системі органів влади та управління Туркменістану. Проаналізовано особливості міжкланових відносин у Туркменістані в пострадянський період. Встановлено, що в період президентства Г. Бердимухамедова кадрова політика в країні набула яскраво вираженого регіонального забарвлення. Це призвело до суттєвого посилення позицій етноплемінної групи ахальських текінців в державних структурах Туркменістану (як на республіканському, так і на місцевому рівнях). Показано, що одним із важливих елементів кланової системи сучасного Туркменістану є т. зв. президентська «родина», вплив якої постійно зростає. Визначено роль інституту президентських радників у політичній системі країни.
Continuing Dental Education [CDE] and its role during COVID 19 Pandemic
Authors: Basam Lakshman Chowdary , Peddu Revathi , Basam Ram Chowdary , Tammineedi Sravanthi , Mandava Prasad , B Souren , Lanka Devikanth , T Sandeep
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Continuing dental education (CDE) has undergone enormous changes in recent years regarding its methodologies used, intellectual base, and the anticipation of what it should convey.
Objectives: Do contemporary educational interventions based on general practice change doctors' behavior, and improve patient outcomes? It has become a more critical concern for governments and patients as well as dental practitioners. As reaccreditation and quality assurance scientific programs have become more widespread, the effectiveness of continuing dental education in changing clinical practice has come under closer inspection. There is a definite need to focus on the role of CDE during the COVID-19 Pandemic and how to implement CDE programs related to awareness of COVID-19.
Results: In this review, we intend to describe various methods of educating dentists that improve patient outcomes, to examine the effectiveness of continuing dental education in clinical practice in particular, and some key points for ensuring success. Specifically, we focused on the role of CDE in the prevention and control of the COVID-19 Pandemic and various education methods that were efficient in attaining knowledge, attitude, and practical skills during the COVID-19 era.
The electric vehicle revolution: Economic and policy implications for natural resource exporters in developing countries
Authors: Jones Benjamin
Published: December 2020

The emergence of a mass market for electric vehicles (EVs) offers considerable development opportunities for resource exporters, given their intensive raw material requirements, including for cobalt, nickel, lithium, copper, aluminium, and manganese. To exploit the benefits of new demand, empirical evidence on the ‘resource curse’ increasingly points to the benefits of strengthening institutions for effective policy management and to mitigate the risk of poorly directed, often excessively procyclical, investment. With many developing countries staking major claims for expanding domestic electric vehicle raw material industries, these issues appear highly pertinent, not least given their complexity, opacity, and volatility. This paper analyses both the outlook for electric vehicle demand and associated raw material usage, as well as the key drivers and sensitivities required to track future market transformation. It subsequently assesses key fiscal, regulatory, and institutional reform priorities and market barriers bearing on successful domestic resource mobilization in these resource chains.
Informality and work status
Authors: Fields Gary S.
Published: December 2020

The most important determinant of households’ livelihoods is how much they earn for their labour. People in informal work are more likely to be low earners, to live in poverty, and to make fewer transitions into the higher-paying work statuses. The paper is divided into three main sections: what we mean by informality and work status, why we should differentiate between work statuses, and what we can learn by analysing work statuses and transitions between them.
Identifying structural changes in the exchange rates of South Africa as a regime-switching process
Authors: Makatjane Katleho , van Wyk Roscoe
Published: December 2020

Exchange rate volatility is said to exemplify the economic health of a country. Exchange rate break points (known as structural breaks) have a momentous impact on the macroeconomy of a country. Nonetheless, this country study makes use of both unsupervised and supervised machine learning algorithms to classify structural changes as regime shifts in real exchange rates in South Africa. Weekly data for the period January 2003–June 2020 are used. To these data we apply both non-linear principal component analysis and Markov-switching generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity. The former approach is used to reduce the dimensionality of the data using an orthogonal linear transformation by preserving the statistical variance of the data, with the proviso that a new trait is non-linearly independent, and it identifies the number of regime switches that are to be used in the Markov-switching model. The latter is used to partition the variance in each regime by allowing an estimation of multiple break transitions. The transition breakpoints estimates derived from this machine learning approach produce results that are comparable to other methods on similar system sizes. Application of these methods shows that the machine learning approach can also be employed to identify structural changes as a regime-switching process. During times of financial crisis, the growing concern over exchange rate volatility, including its adverse effects on employment and growth, broadens the debates on exchange rate policies. Our results should help the South African monetary policy committee to anticipate when exchange rates will pick up and be prepared for the effects of periods of high exchange rates.
FEATURES OF FORMING A COMPOSITE TITANIUM-STEEL JOINT DURING ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXPLOSIVE WELDING
Authors: Kuz’min E. V. , Korolev M. P. , Lysak V. I. , Kuz’min S. V. , Zarubin M. S. , Petrushkin P. A. , L’vov V. A.
Published: December 2020

The article presents studies of the influence of ultrasound exposure during explosive loading on the formation of a titanium-steel composite compound. It is shown that the introduction of ultrasound during explosive loading leads to the formation of an almost rectilinear boundary between titanium and steel. The chemical composition of the fused metal sections is considered. The results of the separation strength of layers of the titanium-steel composite are presented.
FEATURES STRAIN LOCALISATION UNDER IMPACT LOADS
Authors: Buravova S. N. , Gordopolova I. S. , Petrov E. V.
Published: December 2020

The localization of plastic strain under impulse loads is determined by the sample geometry and is practically independent on the material properties. Deformation bands are a consequence of ultrasonic oscillations, which occurs when waves are reflected (compression and unloading) on the sample faces, and when the reflected waves interact with each other, and flows in the form of standing waves. Localized strain bands originate and develop at the nodes of standing waves under conditions of alternating deformation and are accompanied by mass transfer of particles from the matrix material (interstitial and substitutional atoms, impurity atoms, ultrafine particles of the hardening phase) to the sites of spall damage. The absence of energy transfer through the nodal points of the standing wave increases the duration of the sample deformation after the passage of the shock wave.
Wound care within Flemish residential care centres: An update
Authors: Vinck Geert
Published: December 2020

In Belgium, the average age of inhabitants is still rising, due to better life expectancy and because of an increase in the relative proportion of older people in society. As a result, the number of chronic disorders and comorbidities is increasing as well. The aim of this study was to acquire an overview of the wounds and wound care present in residential care centres.
Seek, and ye shall find: Efficacy of proactive screeningfor diabetic foot ulceration in the community autonomously performed by nurses
Authors: Pieruzzi Letizia , Iacopi Elisabetta , Buccarello Maria Grazia , Tamburini Ludovica , Goretti Chiara , Di Cianni Graziano , Piaggesi Alberto
Published: December 2020

Diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate, whose treatment requires considerable financial costs.

This paper describes a test of the efficacy of proactive screening – autonomously managed by nurses in a community setting – in detecting patients at high risk of DFU, as an integrated part of a chronic care model strategy.
A silver-based antimicrobial dressing for the prevention of surgical site infection - a pilot study
Authors: Stryja Jan , Riha Daniel , Szkatula Jerzy
Published: December 2020

Surgical site infection is a postoperative complication that affects many surgical patients worldwide. It has been estimated that up to 60% of SSIs are preventable and that their risk can be minimised by applying the best practice in the perioperative period. Proper wound management is one way of preventing the incidence of SSIs. This paper describes results of a descriptive case series focused on the usage of silver dressing on post-operative wounds.