bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circulating Inflammatory Markers May Mediate the Relationship between Healthy Plant-Based Diet and Metabolic Phenotype Obesity in Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mohamadi Azam , Shiraseb Farideh , Mirzababaei Atieh , Hosseininasab Dorsa , Rasaei Niloufar , Clark Cain C. T. , Mirzaei Khadijeh
Published: April 2022

Background. It has been posited that both metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO) could be emergent from diet and inflammatory markers. Thus, we sought to investigate the influence of plant-based diet on MHO and MUHO phenotypes mediated by inflammatory markers in overweight and obese women. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 289 women aged ≥18 years, with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2. Dietary intake was measured using 147 item food frequency questionnaire, as well as anthropometrics and biochemistry panel, in all participants. Metabolic health phenotypes were considered using Karelis score, while plant-based diet indices (PDI) were evaluated based on 18 food groups, where healthy and unhealthy PDI were identified. Results. Accordingly, 26.9% of women had MHO and 73.1% had MUHO phenotypes. After adjusting for potential confounders, TGF-β1 had a significant inverse association with hPDI (β: −0.28; 95% CI: 452.99, −85.25;

P

: 0.004). Moreover, we found that women with higher hPDI had lower odds of MUHO (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.39, 2.30;

P

: 0.03). Regarding the mediatory effect of the inflammatory markers, TGF-β1 (

P

: 0.73), IL-β1 (

P

: 0.14), and MCP1 (

P

: 0.51) played a role in decreasing the odds of MUHO among hPDI tertiles. Conclusion. There was a significant inverse relationship between adherence to hPDI and MUHO phenotype in overweight and obese Iranian women. This association appeared to be mediated by TGF-β1, IL-β1, and MCP1.
Research on Automatic Cargo Recognition in Smart City Environment
Authors: Yin Lanlan , Mo Feng , Wu Qiming , Liang Zhixun
Published: April 2022

Smart city refers to the use of various information technologies to improve the lives of citizens. However, in terms of transportation and sales of goods, traditional methods require a lot of manpower and material resources, and cannot be automatically identified. In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of product identification, product sorting is automated. It uses the powerful feature learning and expression capabilities of deep convolutional neural networks to automatically learn product features, thereby achieving high-precision image classification. Therefore, this paper first proposes an improved VGG network, combines transfer learning to establish a deep learning recognition model, and finally conducts multiple sets of experiments on the 131-category Fruit-360 dataset. The results show that when the Adam optimizer is used for iterative training for 30 rounds and the batch_size is 64, the accuracy of the algorithm proposed in this paper reaches 94.19% on the training set, 97.91% on the validation set, and 92.2% on the test set top1. The accuracy rate on the test set top5 is as high as 100%. Therefore, the method in this paper can solve the problems caused by traditional methods and provide useful help for smart cities.
Noncoding RNA as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Weng Ruiyuan , Jiang Zhiwen , Gu Yuxiang
Published: April 2022

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, play an important role in the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs). They are effectively detectable in body fluids, potentially suggesting new biomarkers for the early detection and prognosis of CVDs. In this review, the physiological functions of circulating ncRNAs and their potential role as diagnostic and prognostic markers in patients with cerebrovascular diseases are discussed, especially in acute ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and moyamoya disease.
Pattern of F-18 FDG Uptake in Colon Cancer after Bacterial Cancer Therapy Using Engineered Salmonella Typhimurium: A Preliminary In Vivo Study
Authors: Chong Ari , Nguyen Dinh-Huy , Kim Hyeon Sik , Chung June-Key , Min Jung-Joon
Published: April 2022

Purpose. Bacterial cancer therapy (BCT) research using engineered Salmonella typhimurium has increased in recent years. 2-Deoxy-2[18F] fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) is widely used in cancer patients to detect cancer, monitor treatment responses, and predict prognoses. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate FDG uptake patterns in a mouse tumor model after BCT. Procedures. BCT was performed via the intravenous injection of attenuated S. typhimurium (SL ΔppGpp/lux) into female mice bearing a tumor (derived from CT26 murine colon cancer cells) in the right thigh. 18F-FDG PET images acquired before BCT and at different time points after BCT. In vivo bioluminescence imaging confirmed bacterial presence in the tumor. The tumor volume, standardized uptake value (SUV) of FDG (SUVmax and SUVmean), early SUV reduction%, and normalized tumor volume change were analyzed. Results. Early after BCT (1 or 2 days post-injection (dpi)), FDG tumor uptake decreased in 10 out of 11 mice and then increased at later stages. FDG uptake before BCT was correlated with normalized tumor volume change after BCT. Early FDG reduction% after BCT was correlated with normalized volume change after BCT. Conclusions. Early after BCT, FDG tumor uptake decreased and then increased at later stages. The higher the FDG tumor uptake before BCT, the better the BCT response. FDG uptake patterns were related to tumor volume change after BCT. Therefore, FDG uptake was a good candidate for evaluating BCT.
Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer: Evaluation of Diet, Lifestyle, Family History, and Screening Patterns
Authors: Hansen Megan , Hamieh Nadine M. , Markt Sarah C. , Vaselkiv Jane B. , Pernar Claire H. , Gonzalez-Feliciano Amparo G. , Peisch Samuel , Chowdhury-Paulino Ilkania M. , Rencsok Emily M. , Rebbeck Timothy R. , Platz Elizabeth A. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Wilson Kathryn M. , Mucci Lorelei A.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Racial disparities in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates are considerable. We previously found in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) that African-American men had an 80% higher prostate cancer risk than White men. With 21 additional years of follow-up and four-fold increase in cases, we undertook a contemporary analysis of racial differences in prostate cancer incidence and mortality in HPFS.

Methods:

For 47,679 men, we estimated HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between race and risk of prostate cancer through 2016 using Cox proportional hazards regression. Multivariable models (mHR) were adjusted for lifestyle, diet, family history, and PSA screening collected on biennial questionnaires.

Results:

6,909 prostate cancer cases were diagnosed in White, 89 in African-American, and 90 in Asian-American men. African-Americans had higher prostate cancer incidence (mHR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.06–1.62) and mortality (mHR = 1.67; 95% CI, 1.00–2.78), and lower PSA screening prevalence than White men. The excess risk was greater in the pre-PSA screening era (HR = 1.68; 95% CI, 1.14–2.48) than the PSA screening era (HR = 1.20; 95% CI, 0.93–1.56). Asian-Americans had lower prostate cancer risk (mHR = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60–0.92), but similar risk of fatal disease compared with white men.

Conclusions:

Racial differences in prostate cancer incidence and mortality in HPFS are not fully explained by differences in lifestyle, diet, family history, or PSA screening.

Impact:

Additional research is necessary to address the disproportionately higher rates of prostate cancer in African-American men.
Role of Medicaid in Early Detection of Screening-Amenable Cancers
Authors: Bradley Cathy J. , Sabik Lindsay M. , Entwistle Julia , Stevens Jennifer L. , Enewold Lindsey , Warren Joan L.
Published: April 2022

Background:

This study examines the association between Medicaid enrollment, including through the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP), and distant stage for three screening-amenable cancers: breast, cervical, and colorectal.

Methods:

We use the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Cancer Registry linked with Medicaid enrollment data to compare patients who were Medicaid insured with patients who were not Medicaid insured. We estimate the likelihood of distant stage at diagnosis using logistic regression.

Results:

Medicaid enrollment following diagnosis was associated with the highest likelihood of distant stage. Medicaid enrollment through NBCCEDP did not mitigate the likelihood of distant stage disease relative to Medicaid enrollment prior to diagnosis. Non-Hispanic Black patients had a greater likelihood of distant stage breast and colorectal cancer. Residing in higher socioeconomic areas was associated with a lower likelihood of distant stage breast cancer.

Conclusions:

Medicaid enrollment prior to diagnosis is associated with a lower likelihood of distant stage in screen amenable cancers but does not fully ameliorate disparities.

Impact:

Our study highlights the importance of health insurance coverage prior to diagnosis and demonstrates that while targeted programs such as the NBCCEDP provide critical access to screening, they are not a substitute for comprehensive insurance coverage.
Association of Fruit, Vegetable, and Animal Food Intakes with Breast Cancer Risk Overall and by Molecular Subtype among Vietnamese Women
Authors: Nguyen Sang M. , Tran Huong T.T. , Nguyen Lan M. , Bui Oanh Thi , Hoang Dong V. , Shrubsole Martha J. , Cai Qiuyin , Ye Fei , Zheng Wei , Luu Hung N. , Tran Thuan V. , Shu Xiao-Ou
Published: April 2022

Background:

Evidence on associations between dietary intake and risk of breast cancer subtypes is limited and inconsistent. We evaluated associations of fruit, vegetable, meat, and fish consumption with risk of breast cancer overall and by molecular subtype in the Vietnamese Breast Cancer Study (VBCS).

Method:

VBCS includes 476 incident breast cancer cases and 454 age-matched controls. Dietary habits over the past 5 years were assessed by in-person interviews using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Associations of food groups with breast cancer were evaluated via logistic regression for overall and molecular subtype with adjustment for age, education, income, family history of cancer, menopausal status, body mass index, exercise, total energy intake, and other potential dietary confounders. Odds ratio (OR) was used to approximate relative risk.

Results:

High fruit intake was inversely associated with breast cancer risk, with adjusted ORs [95% confidence intervals (CI)] of 0.67 (95% CI, 0.47–0.95) and 0.41 (95% CI, 0.27–0.61) for second and third tertiles versus first tertile, respectively (Ptrend < 0.001). This association was stronger for triple-negative than other subtypes (Pheterogeneity < 0.001). High intake of freshwater fish was inversely associated with overall breast cancer (ORT3vsT1 = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.42–0.95; Ptrend = 0.03). An inverse association was observed between HER2-enriched subtype and red and organ meat intake (ORT3vsT1 = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.17–0.93; Ptrend = 0.04; Pheterogeneity = 0.50).

Conclusions:

High intakes of fruit and freshwater fish were associated with reduced breast cancer risk; association for the former was stronger for triple-negative subtype.

Impact:

Our findings suggest high intakes of fruit and freshwater fish may reduce breast cancer risk among Vietnamese women.
Race Differences in Telomere Length in Benign Prostate Biopsies and Subsequent Risk of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Rybicki Benjamin A. , Sadasivan Sudha M. , Chen Yalei , Loveless Ian , Gupta Nilesh S. , Chitale Dhananjay A. , Williamson Sean R. , Rundle Andrew G. , Tang Deliang L.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Telomere shortening is linked to aging and may be associated with increased risk for cancer. Most cancer studies have used telomere length in leukocytes rather than in the target tissue of cancer origin.

Methods:

A case–control study of 524 case–control pairs with a benign prostate biopsy nested within a historical cohort of 10,478 men was conducted to determine whether premalignant prostate telomere length (assessed using a modified qRT-PCR) is associated with prostate cancer risk.

Results:

Telomere lengths in benign prostate biopsies of cases versus controls were similar (1.46 ± 0.38 vs. 1.45 ± 0.42; P = 0.49). African American (AA) men had significantly shorter telomeres compared with White men (1.51 ± 0.38 vs. 1.63 ± 0.39; P < 0.0001). In race-stratified analyses, increasing telomere length was more strongly associated with prostate cancer risk in White men, wherein those with telomere length in the highest quartile had 1.9-fold greater adjusted risk of prostate cancer compared with men with prostate telomere lengths in the lowest quartile [OR = 1.90; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08–3.36]. Men in the highest telomere length quartile also had a greater risk of aggressive prostate cancer compared with men with telomere lengths in the lowest quartile (OR = 2.78; 95% CI = 1.25–6.19).

Conclusions:

White men have longer telomeres in benign prostate tissue compared with AA men, and those with the longest telomeres may be at increased risk for prostate cancer, particularly the more aggressive form of the disease.

Impact:

Race-specific telomere length measures may be an early biomarker of aggressive prostate cancer.
Increasing Incidence of Gallbladder Cancer among Non-Hispanic Blacks in the United States: A Birth Cohort Phenomenon
Authors: Raza Syed Ahsan , da Costa Wilson L. , Thrift Aaron P.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Gallbladder cancer incidence varies among racial/ethnic subgroups in the United States (US). We investigated trends in gallbladder cancer incidence rates in 50 states from 2001 to 2018.

Methods:

Age-adjusted incidence rates and trends in adults were calculated using data from the US Cancer Statistics registry. We used joinpoint regression to compute annual percentage of changes (APC). We analyzed incidence trends by time periods, age groups, and birth cohorts through age–period-cohort modeling.

Results:

Overall, age standardized incidence rates for gallbladder cancer decreased by 0.3% annually between 2001 and 2018 [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.5% to −0.1%]. However, secular trends varied by race/ethnicity. Although gallbladder cancer rates declined in other racial/ethnic groups, rates increased by 1.4% annually among non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB) between 2001 and 2018 (APC = 1.4%; 95% CI, 0.9%–2.0%). We found evidence for period and birth cohort effects with increasing rates among successive birth cohorts of NHBs. Relative to NHB cohorts born circa 1946, gallbladder cancer rates were 85% higher in NHB cohorts born circa 1971 [incidence rate ratio (IRR), 1.85; 95% CI, 1.26–2.72). The rates among NHBs in South region were higher in cohorts born circa 1971 (IRR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.27–3.73) relative to those born circa 1946.

Conclusions:

The incidence of gallbladder cancer has consistently increased in the US among NHBs. A notable increase in incidence was observed among NHBs with evidence of birth cohort effects in South, Northeast, and Midwest regions.

Impact:

The cohort effect observed among NHBs with increasing rates in different US regions suggests that gallbladder cancer rates will continue to rise in the US in the near future.
Metabolically Defined Body Size Phenotypes and Risk of Endometrial Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
Authors: Kliemann Nathalie , Ould Ammar Romain , Biessy Carine , Gicquiau Audrey , Katzke Verena , Kaaks Rudolf , Tjønneland Anne , Olsen Anja , Sánchez Maria-Jose , Crous-Bou Marta , Pasanisi Fabrizio , Tin Tin Sandar , Perez-Cornago Aurora , Aune Dagfinn , Christakoudi Sofia , Heath Alicia K. , Colorado-Yohar Sandra M. , Grioni Sara , Skeie Guri , Sartor Hanna , Idahl Annika , Rylander Charlotta , May Anne M. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Freisling Heinz , Playdon Mary C. , Rinaldi Sabina , Murphy Neil , Huybrechts Inge , Dossus Laure , Gunter Marc J.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Obesity is a risk factor for endometrial cancer but whether metabolic dysfunction is associated with endometrial cancer independent of body size is not known.

Methods:

The association of metabolically defined body size phenotypes with endometrial cancer risk was investigated in a nested case–control study (817 cases/ 817 controls) within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Concentrations of C-peptide were used to define metabolically healthy (MH; <1st tertile) and metabolically unhealthy (MU; ≥1st tertile) status among the control participants. These metabolic health definitions were combined with normal weight (NW); body mass index (BMI)<25 kg/m2 or waist circumference (WC)<80 cm or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)<0.8) and overweight (OW; BMI≥25 kg/m2 or WC≥80 cm or WHR≥0.8) status, generating four phenotype groups for each anthropometric measure: (i) MH/NW, (ii) MH/OW, (iii) MU/NW, and (iv) MU/OW.

Results:

In a multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression model, compared with MH/NW individuals, endometrial cancer risk was higher among those classified as MU/NW [ORWC, 1.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–2.10 and ORWHR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.21–2.35] and MU/OW (ORBMI, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.73–3.27; ORWC, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.92–3.77 and ORWHR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.32–2.54). MH/OW individuals were also at increased endometrial cancer risk compared with MH/NW individuals (ORWC, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.24–3.04).

Conclusions:

Women with metabolic dysfunction appear to have higher risk of endometrial cancer regardless of their body size. However, OW status raises endometrial cancer risk even among women with lower insulin levels, suggesting that obesity-related pathways are relevant for the development of this cancer beyond insulin.

Impact:

Classifying women by metabolic health may be of greater utility in identifying those at higher risk for endometrial cancer than anthropometry per se.
TOP1-DNA Trapping by Exatecan and Combination Therapy with ATR Inhibitor
Authors: Jo Ukhyun , Murai Yasuhisa , Agama Keli K. , Sun Yilun , Saha Liton Kumar , Yang Xi , Arakawa Yasuhiro , Gayle Sophia , Jones Kelli , Paralkar Vishwas , Sundaram Ranjini K. , Van Doorn Jinny , Vasquez Juan C. , Bindra Ranjit S. , Choi Woo Suk , Pommier Yves
Published: April 2022

Exatecan and deruxtecan are antineoplastic camptothecin derivatives in development as tumor-targeted-delivery warheads in various formulations including peptides, liposomes, polyethylene glycol nanoparticles, and antibody–drug conjugates. Here, we report the molecular pharmacology of exatecan compared with the clinically approved topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors and preclinical models for validating biomarkers and the combination of exatecan with ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase (ATR) inhibitors. Modeling exatecan binding at the interface of a TOP1 cleavage complex suggests two novel molecular interactions with the flanking DNA base and the TOP1 residue N352, in addition to the three known interactions of camptothecins with the TOP1 residues R364, D533, and N722. Accordingly, exatecan showed much stronger TOP1 trapping, higher DNA damage, and apoptotic cell death than the classical TOP1 inhibitors used clinically. We demonstrate the value of SLFN11 expression and homologous recombination (HR) deficiency (HRD) as predictive biomarkers of response to exatecan. We also show that exatecan kills cancer cells synergistically with the clinical ATR inhibitor ceralasertib (AZD6738). To establish the translational potential of this combination, we tested CBX-12, a clinically developed pH-sensitive peptide–exatecan conjugate that selectively targets cancer cells and is currently in clinical trials. The combination of CBX-12 with ceralasertib significantly suppressed tumor growth in mouse xenografts. Collectively, our results demonstrate the potency of exatecan as a TOP1 inhibitor and its clinical potential in combination with ATR inhibitors, using SLFN11 and HRD as predictive biomarkers.
Targeting WEE1/AKT Restores p53-Dependent Natural Killer–Cell Activation to Induce Immune Checkpoint Blockade Responses in “Cold” Melanoma
Authors: Dinavahi Saketh S. , Chen Yu-Chi , Punnath Kishore , Berg Arthur , Herlyn Meenhard , Foroutan Momeneh , Huntington Nicholas D. , Robertson Gavin P.
Published: April 2022

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment. Unfortunately, most tumor types do not respond to immunotherapy due to a lack of immune infiltration or “cold” tumor microenvironment (TME), a contributing factor in treatment failure. Activation of the p53 pathway can increase apoptosis of cancer cells, leading to enhanced antigen presentation, and can stimulate natural killer (NK) cells through expression of stress ligands. Therefore, modulation of the p53 pathway in cancer cells with wild-type TP53 has the potential to enhance tumor immunogenicity to NK cells, produce an inflammatory TME, and ultimately lead to tumor regression. In this study, we report simultaneous targeting of the AKT/WEE1 pathways is a novel and tolerable approach to synergistically induce p53 activation to inhibit tumor development. This approach reduced the growth of melanoma cells and induced plasma membrane surface localization of the ER-resident protein calreticulin, an indicator of immunogenic cell death (ICD). Increase in ICD led to enhanced expression of stress ligands recognized by the activating NK-cell receptor NKG2D, promoting tumor lysis. WEE1/AKT inhibition resulted in recruitment and activation of immune cells, including NK cells, in the TME, triggering an inflammatory cascade that transformed the “cold” TME of B16F10 melanoma into a “hot” TME that responded to anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (anti–PD-1), resulting in complete regression of established tumors. These results suggest that AKT/WEE1 pathway inhibition is a potential approach to broaden the utility of class-leading anti–PD-1 therapies by enhancing p53-mediated, NK cell–dependent tumor inflammation and supports the translation of this novel approach to further improve response rates for metastatic melanoma.
Comprehensive Assessment of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase in Localized and Metastatic Prostate Cancer Reveals Targetable Alterations
Authors: Patel Radhika A. , Coleman Ilsa , Roudier Martine P. , Konnick Eric Q. , Hanratty Brian , Dumpit Ruth , Lucas Jared M. , Ang Lisa S. , Low Jin-Yih , Tretiakova Maria S. , Ha Gavin , Lee John K. , True Lawrence D. , De Marzo Angelo M. , Nelson Peter S. , Morrissey Colm , Pritchard Colin C. , Haffner Michael C.
Published: April 2022

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a tyrosine kinase with genomic and expression changes in many solid tumors. ALK inhibition is the first-line therapy for lung cancers with ALK alterations, and an effective therapy in other tumor types, but has not been well-studied in prostate cancer. Here, we aim to delineate the role of ALK genomic and expression changes in primary and metastatic prostate cancer. We determined ALK expression by IHC and RNA sequencing, and genomic alterations by NGS. We assessed functional consequences of ALK overexpression and pharmacologic ALK inhibition by cell proliferation and cell viability assays. Among 372 primary prostate cancer cases, we identified one case with uniformly high ALK protein expression. Genomic analysis revealed a novel SLC45A3-ALK fusion which promoted oncogenesis in in vitro assays. We observed ALK protein expression in 5 of 52 (9%) of metastatic prostate cancer cases, of which 4 of 5 had neuroendocrine features. ALK-expressing neuroendocrine prostate cancer had a distinct transcriptional program, and earlier disease progression. An ALK-expressing neuroendocrine prostate cancer model was sensitive to pharmacologic ALK inhibition. In summary, we found that ALK overexpression is rare in primary prostate cancer, but more frequent in metastatic prostate cancers with neuroendocrine differentiation. Furthermore, ALK fusions similar to lung cancer are an occasional driver in prostate cancer. Our data suggest that ALK-directed therapies could be an option in selected patients with advanced prostate cancer.

Significance:

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a validated drug target in cancer. Here we delineate the spectrum of ALK alterations in prostate cancer. We show that ALK overexpression is present in advanced prostate cancers, in particular in cases with features of neuroendocrine carcinoma. Furthermore, ALK expression is associated with responses to pharmacologic ALK inhibition. Our study demonstrates that ALK-directed therapies should be considered in selected prostate cancer cases.
German Guidelines on Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders: Update 2021
Authors: Kiefer Falk , Batra Anil , Petersen Kay Uwe , Ardern Isabel Sophie , Tananska Daniela , Bischof Gallus , Funke Wilma , Lindenmeyer Johannes , Mueller Sebastian , Preuss Ulrich W. , Schäfer Martin , Thomasius Rainer , Veltrup Clemens , Weissinger Volker , Wodarz Norbert , Wurst Friedrich M. ,   Guideline Group AUD, Hoffmann Sabine
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Alcohol consumption in Germany is associated with considerable health and economic consequences. In addition to prevention, the early detection and differential treatment of those affected play an important role. The guideline “Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders” forms the basis of this care for people suffering from alcohol use disorders. Regular updates integrate the current state of research evidence and clinical expertise. Methods: Under the auspices of the German Society for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics, and Neurology and the German Society for Addiction Research and Addiction Therapy e.V. (DG-Sucht), the 2019–2020 S3 guideline on alcohol was revised by eight working groups. Thirty-five professional societies participated in a structured consensus process to deliberate the recommendations. Potential conflicts of interest were examined in advance, documented, and taken into account during the voting on the recommendations. Results: The guideline provides recommendations on screening and brief interventions for different groups of people, as well as on treatment of individuals in the acute and post-acute phases of withdrawal. Special emphasis was placed on the treatment of comorbid somatic and psychological disorders. In addition, recommendations for specific groups of people (e.g., children and adolescents, pregnant women) have been made and adapted to the German care landscape.
Postoperative Vitamin Profile after Receiving a Novel Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition Solution: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Phase III Trial
Authors: Fukatsu Kazuhiko , Shineha Ryuzaburo , Kawauchi Yoshiyuki , Katayose Satoshi , Nakayama Mitsuo
Published: April 2022

Introduction: We assessed the efficacy and safety of OPF-105, a novel all-in-one peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) solution containing multivitamins by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2000 (FDA2000 recommendation). Methods: We conducted a phase III trial administering OPF-105 or BFL (combination of a commercially available PPN solution and fat emulsion) to patients after gastrointestinal (GI) tract surgery from postoperative day (POD) 1 up to POD14. Until POD7, nutrients were provided only with OPF-105 or BFL. After blood sampling on POD8, oral food intake was permitted. PPN was administered according to the amount of food intake. Results: Efficacy endpoints were assessed in 99 subjects (OPF group: 52; BFL group: 47). The levels of blood proteins and fatty acids in the two groups were similar on POD8. The transition of these mean levels was similar in both groups from POD1 or 2 to POD9 to 15. The mean preoperative blood vitamin levels were within reference intervals (RIs). On POD1 (before administration), the mean levels of most blood vitamins decreased compared to those of the preoperative levels. In the BFL group, the mean blood levels of vitamin B2, B6, pantothenic acid (PA), folic acid (FA), biotin, and C decreased below or near the lower limit of RIs on POD8, and the mean blood levels of vitamin B6 and C remained low from POD9 to 15. In the OPF group, the mean blood levels of vitamins, excluding vitamin K, were within RIs on POD8 and POD9 to 15. The mean levels of blood vitamin K increased over the upper limit of RIs on POD8 but within RIs from POD9 to 15. There was no obvious difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups, which is common after GI tract surgeries. Conclusion: Blood vitamin levels decreased when patients were administered PPN without vitamin supplementation during the first week after surgery. The novel PPN formula containing multivitamins recommended by FDA2000 can be safely administered to postoperative patients to maintain blood vitamin levels.
A new species of the genus Scincella (Squamata: Scincidae) from Yonagunijima Island, Southern Ryukyus, Japan
Authors: KOIZUMI YUKI , OTA HIDETOSHI , HIKIDA TSUTOMU
Published: April 2022

We performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis for the ground skink populations of the genus Scincella Mittleman, 1950 on Yonagunijima Island, Southern Ryukyus and representative samples of Scincella species known from other islands of the East Asian Archipelago. Partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and cytochrome b sequence data were used. Additionally, we examined the nuclear genetic variation between the Yonagunijima samples and those of closely related species. The genetic distances were largely equivalent between the Yonagunijima population and the two closest species, S. boettgeri from other southern Ryukyu Islands and S. formosensis from Taiwan. Moreover, there were nuclear haplotypes unique to the Yonagunijima population. We thus recognize the Yonagunijima population as a distinct species and describe it as Scincella dunan sp. nov. Morphologically, S. dunan sp. nov. is similar to S. boettgeri, but differs in some morphometric and meristic characters, and dorsolateral stripe pattern. These findings further support the biogeographically unique status of Yonagunijima Island among the southern Ryukyus islands.
A new species of planthopper in the genus Myconus (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea: Achilidae) from the Los Angeles Cloud Forest, Costa Rica
Authors: ECHAVARRIA MARCO A. ZUMBADO , BARRANTES EDWIN A. BARRANTES , BARTLETT CHARLES R. , HELMICK ERICKA E. , BAHDER BRIAN W.
Published: April 2022

Recent survey work in Costa Rica has resulted in the discovery of a wide variety of undescribed species of planthoppers in the families Derbidae and Cixiidae. During a light trapping event in the Los Angeles cloud forest, a large planthopper was collected and determined to belong to the genus Myconus in the family Achilidae. Herein, the novel taxon is described with accompanying molecular data for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, 18S rRNA gene, and histone 3 (H3) gene and an updated key for the New World Myconus is provided.
A new mayfly species of Choroterpes (Choroterpes) Eaton, 1881 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from southern Western Ghats, India
Authors: MUTHUKATTURAJA MARIMUTHU , BALASUBRAMANIAN CHELLAIAH
Published: April 2022

A new species of Choroterpes (Choroterpes) Eaton, 1881 is described based on nymphs from southern Western Ghats, Karnataka, India. Choroterpes (Choroterpes) kumaradhara sp. nov. can be distinguished from other Oriental species of Choroterpes s.str. by the following combination of characters: (i) median emargination of labrum deeply cleft (U-shaped) with few denticle-like protuberances; (ii) the lateral margin of mandibles with a cluster of thin, long setae medially; (iii) gill I single lamellate, basal half broader and tapered to apex; (iv) median projection of dorsal lamella of gills II–VII plate-like and markedly larger and longer than laterals, ventral lamella small, trifurcated and (v) abdominal segments II–IX with posterolateral spines progressively longer posteriorly. Distribution and habitat ecology of the new species are provided.
Two new species of Ancistrosyllis McIntosh, 1878 (Annelida: Pilargidae) from the Gulf of Thailand, Western Pacific
Authors: PLATHONG SAKANAN , PLATHONG JINTANA , DEAN HARLAN K.
Published: April 2022

Two new species of Pilargidae, Ancistrosyllis eidimtaiteae sp. nov. and A. suksani sp. nov., are described from the Gulf of Thailand. These Ancistrosyllis are characterized by having a median and two lateral antennae. Ancistrosyllis eidimtaiteae sp. nov. differs from all other species in the group by having brown pigmentation and by having both short antennae and tentacular cirri, first notopodial hooks from chaetiger 3, and a single type of neurochaetae (long non-limbate capillaries with bifid tips). Ancistrosyllis suksani sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of Ancistrosyllis by the presence of the first notopodial hooks from chaetiger 4 and three types of neurochaetae (short, stout, falcates with a subdistal small guard, short limbates, and long bifid non-limbates). An updated key to the Ancistrosyllis species of this group is also provided.
Luminescence of Aromatic Compounds During Ultrasonic Treatment of Tb2(SO4)3 Suspension in Commercial Gasoline
Authors: Tukhbatullin Adis A. , Sharipov Glyus L.
Published: April 2022

The spectral-luminescent properties of a suspension of terbium sulfate in commercial gasoline under sonication are studied. The following emitters are identified from the luminescence spectrum: *Tb3+ ions in crystals, electronically excited molecules of arenes (benzene, toluene, and xylenes), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the liquid phase of the suspension. The study of sonotriboluminescence in gasoline–heptane and heptane–xylene–PAH synthetic mixtures shows for the first time that there is an effective luminescence activator in gasoline, that is, terphenyl molecules. It has been established that these molecules have the highest luminescence yield among all sonotriboluminescence emitters found. This is provided by the transfer of the excitation energy from monocyclic arene molecules primarily excited during the sonication. In this case, the primary excitation of aromatic hydrocarbon molecules in commercial gasoline during the ultrasonic treatment of suspensions occurs under the impact of charged particles/electrons generated during electrical discharges initiated by collision and destruction of microcrystals. This process is similar to radioluminescence excitation in liquid scintillators which can be considered commercial gasoline. The formation of *Tb3+ is due to separation and recombination processes of charges that populate the excited states of luminescence centers in microcrystals electrified during tribodestruction under sonication of the suspension.
Challenging civil society perceptions of NATO: Engaging the Women, Peace and Security agenda
Authors: Wright Katharine AM
Published: April 2022

Engagement with the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda by military actors has caused concern among some of its civil society advocates. For example, NATO has adopted the WPS agenda as an increasingly visible part of its self-narrative. Yet what had distinguished NATO’s engagement with WPS from many other actors is that it came without civil society involvement. The establishment of a Civil Society Advisory Panel (CSAP) on WPS in 2014 is therefore highly significant for both NATO and the WPS agenda. Despite this, the efficacy of such consultation is not clear-cut nor its potential to mitigate militarised understandings of WPS and support transformative engagement with the agenda, particularly given the wariness of some civil society to engage with NATO. Drawing on interviews with civil society, this article interrogates their perceptions of NATO in order to understand the potential of such engagements to support transformative understandings of WPS and more broadly the efficacy of civil society engagement with military institutions. In so doing, it examines how such consultation adds to our understanding of NATO as an institution of international hegemonic masculinity.
Modeling of filament level plain woven Kevlar 49 fabric for accurate prediction of yarn pull-out behavior
Authors: Ma Ying , He Zhifei , Chen Xiang , Deng Congying , Zhao Yang , Lu Sheng
Published: April 2022

This paper proposes two numerical and one analytical yarn pull-out models to investigate pull-out behavior and its energy transfer mechanism. First, the microgeometry of a two-dimensional woven fabric is generated with 112 fibers per yarn mesh implementing the digital element approach. In this approach, one yarn consists of a bundle of fibers and one fiber is made of a chain of rod elements. As such, the realistic yarn surface and yarn cross-section shapes are derived from fiber alignment. Meanwhile, a yarn-level fabric model with constant yarn cross-sectional shape is built on commercial textile modeling software TexGen. Then, both numerical and analytical yarn pull-out models are proposed to investigate the fabric performance. Results show the pull-out force and transferred energy of the digital element approach model is higher than the other two models and closer to the experimental data. This indicates that the realistic yarn surface introduces more contact points and the period of the pull-out force is determined by material properties rather than detailed fabric geometric configuration. Second, a detailed parametric study is carried out with a broad range of friction coefficient and tensile preload. The simulation results find out, when the tensile pre-load is between 50 N and 300 N, the transverse force drops immediately after the pull-out process begins. When the tensile pre-load reaches 400 N, the transverse force increases instead. This phenomenon indicates that the transverse force is sensitive to tensile pre-load and can be used as an indicator to detect residual stress in fabric.
Community-Based Research with Immigrant Families: Sustaining an Intellectual Commons of Care, Resistance, and Solidarity in an Urban Intensive Context
Authors: Ghiso María Paula , Campano Gerald , Thakurta Ankhi , Ponce Olivia Vazquez
Published: April 2022

This article draws from a decade-long community-based research partnership oriented toward learning from and supporting immigrant youth and families as they advocate for themselves in the face of educational inequity. In particular, we focus on examining the trajectory and insights of the partnership in light of ongoing educational, health, and sociopolitical crises during the pandemic and the racial uprisings against police violence. We sought to understand how the work shifted in response to these global crises and also what sustained our collaboration during these times. As we showcase through representative examples of our inquiries, members of different immigrant communities in our partnership drew on their individual and collective experiences to engage in research as an act of care, to address pragmatic and immediate needs in their schooling, and to contend with traumatic legacies of oppression. Expanding networks of care and the intellectual legacy of the collaboration itself–what we refer to as an intellectual commons–created the foundation to sustain and amplify our work together during a time of social transformation.
Measurement of Ability in Adaptive Learning and Assessment Systems when Learners Use On-Demand Hints
Authors: Bolsinova Maria , Deonovic Benjamin , Arieli-Attali Meirav , Settles Burr , Hagiwara Masato , Maris Gunter
Published: April 2022

Adaptive learning and assessment systems support learners in acquiring knowledge and skills in a particular domain. The learners’ progress is monitored through them solving items matching their level and aiming at specific learning goals. Scaffolding and providing learners with hints are powerful tools in helping the learning process. One way of introducing hints is to make hint use the choice of the student. When the learner is certain of their response, they answer without hints, but if the learner is not certain or does not know how to approach the item they can request a hint. We develop measurement models for applications where such on-demand hints are available. Such models take into account that hint use may be informative of ability, but at the same time may be influenced by other individual characteristics. Two modeling strategies are considered: (1) The measurement model is based on a scoring rule for ability which includes both response accuracy and hint use. (2) The choice to use hints and response accuracy conditional on this choice are modeled jointly using Item Response Tree models. The properties of different models and their implications are discussed. An application to data from Duolingo, an adaptive language learning system, is presented. Here, the best model is the scoring-rule-based model with full credit for correct responses without hints, partial credit for correct responses with hints, and no credit for all incorrect responses. The second dimension in the model accounts for the individual differences in the tendency to use hints.
How Do Balanced Budget Rules Impact Fiscal Performance Based On Revenue Structure?: Evidence From U.S. States
Authors: Kim Sungchan , Park Soyoung
Published: April 2022

Revenue condition needs to be considered in the design of balanced budget rules (BBRs), because revenue stream, which varies across state governments, is an important factor in balancing the budget. Also, revenue factors may influence state responses to economic crises through the employment of BBRs.Thus, this study examines the influence of BBRs on states’ fiscal performance depending on revenue structure using a panel data set from 1997 to 2016. The results demonstrate that the strongest BBRs are effective in reducing deficit shocks, although this amplifies fiscal volatility. However, the weakest BBRs play a role in stabilizing volatility. Considering revenue structure, if a state government is concerned about deficit shocks, it would do well to adopt the strongest BBRs, with lower levels of own-source revenue. Conversely, if a state government wishes to pursue fiscal stabilization, it should adopt the weakest BBRs, with lower levels of own-source revenue and less diversified source.
Strategies to Increase Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the Surgical Workforce: A State of the Art Review
Authors: Burks Ciersten A. , Russell Trinity I. , Goss Deborah , Ortega Gezzer , Randolph Gregory W. , Varvares Mark A. , Brown David J. , Gray Stacey T. , Bergmark Regan W.
Published: April 2022

Objective

To evaluate strategies to increase racial and ethnic diversity in the surgical workforce among trainees and faculty across surgical specialties.

Data Sources

Embase, OVID/Medline, and Web of Science Core Collection.

Review Methods

A review of US‐based, peer‐reviewed articles examining the effect of targeted strategies on racial and ethnic diversity in the surgical workforce was conducted from 2000 to 2020 with the PRISMA checklist and STROBE tool. Studies without an outlined strategy and associated outcomes were excluded. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria and were completed in general surgery, orthopaedic surgery, and otolaryngology–head and neck surgery.

Conclusions

Efforts to increase exposure to surgery through internship programs and required clerkships with efforts to improve mentorship were common (6 of 11 [54.5%] and 3 of 11 [27.3%] studies, respectively). Three (27.3%) studies aimed to diversify the recruitment and selection process for the residency match and faculty hiring, and 2 (18.2%) aimed to increase representation among trainees, faculty, and leadership through holistic review processes paired with departmental commitment. Outcome metrics included surgical residency applications for individuals underrepresented in medicine, interview and match rates, faculty hiring, measures of a successful academic surgical career, and leadership representation. All strategies were successful in increasing diversity in the surgical workforce.

Implications for Practice

A convincing yet limited body of literature exists to describe strategies and outcomes that address racial and ethnic diversity in the surgical workforce. While future inquiry is needed to move this field of interest forward, the evidence presented provides a framework for surgical residency programs/departments to develop approaches to increase racial and ethnic diversity.
Keeping up with the Boundaries of Advertising: Paradigm Repair after Pepsi's Big Mess
Authors: Ferrucci Patrick , Schauster Erin E.
Published: April 2022

This paradigm repair study contributes to advertising ethics research by analyzing discourse from trade publications and press outlets regarding the divisive 2017 Kendall Jenner Pepsi advertisement. After the controversary surrounding the commercial ensued, actors within and outside the advertising industry argued the ad violated the ethical boundaries of the industry because it coopted a social issue, acted as a form of cultural appropriation, and served as an example of brand activism (gone awry). This study examines the reasons why this happened and concludes with an argument for paradigm repair's utility for studying advertising ethics, and with implications for advertising practice.
Sick Days: Logical Versus Survey Identification of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States
Authors: Altman Claire E. , Bachmeier James D. , Spence Cody , Hamilton Christal
Published: April 2022

The self-reported number of workdays missed due to injury or illness, or sick days, is a reliable measure of health among working-aged adults. Although sick days is a relatively underexplored health-related outcome in migration studies, it can provide a multidimensional understanding of immigrant wellbeing and integration. Current understandings of the association between migration status and sick days are limited for two reasons. First, in the United States, few nationally representative surveys collect migration status information. Second, researchers lack consensus on the most reliable approach for assigning migration status. We use the 2008 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to examine sick days and draw comparisons between two methods for assigning migration status—a logical approach and a survey approach. The logical method assigns migration status to foreign-born respondents based on characteristics such as government employment or welfare receipt, while the survey approach relies on self-reported survey responses. Sick days among immigrants was correlated with and predicted by other health conditions available in the SIPP. Comparisons of sick days by migration status vary based on migration assignment approach. Lawful Permanent Residents (LPRs) reported more sick days than non-LPRs and appear less healthy when migration status is assigned using the logical approach. The logical approach also produced a gap in sick days between LPRs and non-LPRs that is not replicated in the survey approach. The results demonstrate that if migration status is not measured directly in the data, interpretation of migration status effects should proceed cautiously.
When ‘ideal victim’ meets ‘criminalised other’: Criminal records and the denial of victimisation
Authors: Bradford-Clarke Lauren , Davies Rhiannon , Henley Andrew
Published: April 2022

This article critically examines the restrictions on access to statutory compensation in Great Britain for victims of serious crime with criminal records. Drawing on original analysis of Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority transparency data it reveals the scale of the denial of victimisation as a so-called ‘collateral consequence of a criminal record’. The policy is then critiqued on the basis that it reproduces the problematic social construction of the ‘ideal victim’, delineates people with criminal records as subaltern citizens and gives rise to harmful secondary victimisation of applicants whose criminal records are often unrelated to their victimisation event.