bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community startup businesses: the impact of big five personality traits and social media technology acceptance on group buying leaders
Authors: Liu Anne Yenching , Botella Carrubi Maria Dolores , Blanco González-Tejero Cristina
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study investigates how personality traits influence individuals’ intention to become community group buying (CGB) leaders.

Design/methodology/approach

Data include 517 valid questionnaires that are employed to examine the research model and test the hypotheses using partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Findings

This study reveals that among the Big Five personality traits, extroversion and neuroticism have more impact on the perceived ease of use and usefulness of social media, and individuals with high levels of these traits are more likely to become CGB leaders. Perceived ease of use only mediates the relationship between agreeableness and CGB leader intention, whereas perceived usefulness mediates the relationships between conscientiousness and CGB leader intention and neuroticism and CGB leader intention.

Originality/value

This study can serve as a catalyst for advancing the exploration of how personality traits and social media affect the intention of being CGB leaders. In addition, the study investigates the mediating effect of social media technology acceptance obtaining valuable insights into how social media affects individuals’ intention to become CGB leaders, expanding the research in this field.

Highlights

(1)

Individuals with extroversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness personality traits exhibit higher perceived ease of use and usefulness of social media.

(2)

Unlike previous research suggested, neurotic individuals appear to be attracted to becoming community group buying (CGB) leaders.

(3)

Individuals with high agreeableness are encouraged by ease in pursuing CGB leadership.

(4)

Perceived usefulness mediates the relationship between conscientiousness and CGB leadership intention and neuroticism and CGB leader intention.
An action phase theory approach to the configuration of entrepreneurial goal and implementation intentions
Authors: Liñán Francisco , Jaén Inmaculada , Domínguez-Quintero Ana M.
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This paper integrates the action phase theory (APT) and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to analyse the dynamic mechanisms involved in the configuration of goals and implementation intentions throughout the entrepreneurship process.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical analysis compares individuals in different phases of this process (not yet decided, potential and nascent entrepreneurs). A large sample of adults from Spain is analysed. Structural equation models and multi-group analysis (MGA) serve to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The results confirm that perceived behavioural control (PBC) is the most influential antecedent of entrepreneurial goal intention (EGI) in pre-actional phases (undecided and potential entrepreneurs), whilst attitude towards entrepreneurship (ATE) takes this role during nascency. Subjective norms (SNs) are more important in Phase 1 (establishing the goal) and in Phase 3 (performing nascent behaviour).

Originality/value

This study contributes to both the TPB and the APT. It provides the most relevant insight into the mental process that leads to starting up and helps explain certain previous conflicting results found in the literature. Additionally, it has important implications not only for theory building but also for support bodies and for entrepreneurship educators.
Lean manufacturing in the last decade: insights from published case studies
Authors: Badhotiya Gaurav Kumar , Gurumurthy Anand , Marawar Yogesh , Soni Gunjan
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Lean manufacturing (LM) concepts have been widely adopted in diverse industrial sectors. However, no literature review focusing on case studies describing LM implementation is available. Case studies represent the actual implementation and provide secondary data for further analysis. This study aims to review the same to understand the pathways of LM implementation. In addition, it aims to analyse other related review questions, such as how implementing LM impacts manufacturing capabilities and the maturity level of manufacturing organisations that implemented LM, to name a few.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature review of case studies that discuss the implementation of LM during the last decade (from 2010 to 2020) is carried out. These studies were synthesised, and content analyses were performed to reveal critical insights.

Findings

The implementation pattern of LM significantly varies across manufacturing organisations. The findings show simultaneous improvement in manufacturing capabilities. Towards the end of the last decade, organisations implemented LM with radio frequency identification, e-kanban, simulation, etc.

Originality/value

Reviewing the case studies documenting LM implementation to comprehend the various nuances is a novel attempt. Furthermore, potential future research directions are identified for advancing the research in the domain of LM.
The SMart cooperative model and scale-up experience: spreading social innovation in the cultural field across Europe
Authors: Nogales Muriel Rocío
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore how, in a context of economic, political, social and environmental transitions, SMart, a cultural and artistic social enterprise (CASE), has developed a relevant cooperative model to contribute to mitigate the structural labour precariousness of artists and creators.

Design/methodology/approach

The research design includes a mixed-method approach that combines qualitative and quantitative methodologies with emphasis on the former. Namely, the organisation is SMartbe and its replication across nine European countries was studied as a revelatory case study. Five main types of techniques were deployed in the course of this research, including desk review, direct (participant) observation, interviews, focus group and questionnaire (Likert-scale survey).

Findings

CASEs constitute a specific institutional arrangement that offers innovative labour arrangements for cultural workers and artists to fight against precariousness. Social enterprises are embedded in the social and solidarity economy and stand at the crossroads of markets, civil society and the public, which places them in a critical position: depending on the logic, actors and contexts at play, social enterprises can ensure to varying degrees the general interest through their social mission, their sustainability via the real participation of all their stakeholders and the carrying out of economic activities that are fully consistent with their mission.

Originality/value

It is within this type of sustainability and participation that transformative social innovation can emerge within CASEs. Their potential to contribute to transformative social innovation is based on its four objectives: cultural (to imagine human, participative and sustainable alternatives); social (to achieve a social –including the environment – mission and join the ecosocial transition); participatory (empowering and impacting the public sphere); and economic (being financially sustainable and fair).
New wave of internal armed conflicts in developing countries: Does inequality of opportunity matter?
Authors: Ongo Nkoa Bruno Emmanuel , Ela Alene Luis Jacinto , Djam'Angai Ludé
Published: March 2024

The aim of our study is to analyze the effects of opportunity inequalities on internal armed conflict in developing countries. In a panel of 69 developing countries, over the period 2000–2020 and using the Logit model, we find a positive and significant relationship between inequality of opportunity and the risk of internal armed conflict in developing countries. The effects are higher in Africa than in Asia. As our results are validated by changing the dependent variable and estimation technique, we recommend, on the one hand, increasing investment in mobility and access to basic goods and services. On the other, we recommend the creation of decent jobs through increased investment, to improve developing countries' attractiveness to foreign direct investment as a source of formal jobs.
Association of large joint involvement at the start of biological disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs and Janus kinase inhibitors with disease activity and drug retention in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: The ANSWER cohort study
Authors: Shirasugi Iku , Onishi Akira , Nishimura Keisuke , Yamamoto Wataru , Murakami Kosaku , Onizawa Hideo , Maeda Yuichi , Ebina Kosuke , Son Yonsu , Amuro Hideki , Katayama Masaki , Hara Ryota , Nagai Koji , Hiramatsu Yuri , Hashimoto Motomu , Okano Tadashi , Maeda Toshihisa , Hayashi Shinya , Sendo Sho , Jinno Sadao , Yamamoto Yuzuru , Yamada Hirotaka , Ueda Yo , Saegusa Jun
Published: March 2024

Aim

To investigate the association of large joint involvement (LJI) with disease activity and drug retention in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who started receiving a biological disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug or Janus kinase inhibitor.

Methods

Patients with RA from a Japanese multicenter observational registry were enrolled. Our definition of large joints included the shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, and ankle joints. Linear mixed‐effects models were used to examine changes in the clinical disease activity index (CDAI) score at Week 24 as the primary outcome, and drug retention rates were compared between patients with and without LJI using Cox proportional hazards models. We examined the potential effect modifications of changes in the CDAI by baseline characteristics.

Results

Overall, 2507 treatment courses from 1721 patients were included (LJI, 1744; no LJI, 763). Although LJI was associated with significantly higher changes in CDAI from baseline at Week 24 (difference in change in CDAI: −5.84 [−6.65 to −5.03], p < .001), CDAI was significantly higher in patients with LJI over time. Retention rates were similar in both groups. The association of LJI with changes in disease activity was more prominent in patients with a short disease duration, negative anti‐citrullinated peptide antibodies, and interleukin‐6 receptor inhibitor (IL‐6Ri) use.

Conclusion

Although LJI was associated with a greater reduction in disease activity from baseline, higher disease activity at baseline was not offset over time in patients with LJI, demonstrating that LJI is an unfavorable predictor. An early treat‐to‐target strategy using an IL‐6Ri may be beneficial for patients with LJI.
Physicians' perceptions of intensive care patients' 1‐year prognoses compared to realistic prognoses
Authors: Pietiläinen Laura , Hästbacka Johanna , Bendel Stepani , Bäcklund Minna , Reinikainen Matti
Published: March 2024

Background

It is unknown whether physicians treating critically ill patients have realistic perceptions of their patients' prognoses.

Methods

We sent a survey by email to Finnish anesthesiologists to investigate their ability to estimate the probability of 1‐year survival of intensive care unit (ICU) patients based on data available at the beginning of intensive care. We presented 12 fictional but real‐life‐based patient cases and asked the respondent to estimate the probability of 1‐year survival in each case by choosing one of the alternatives 5%, 10%–90% in 10% intervals and 95%. We compared the physicians' estimates to registry data‐based realistic prognoses of comparable patients treated in the ICU. Based on the difference between the estimate and the realistic prognosis, we categorized the estimates into three groups: (1) difference less than 10 percentage points, (2) difference between 10 and 20 percentage points, and (3) difference over 20 percentage points.

Results

We received 210 responses (totally 2520 estimates). Of the respondents, 43 (20.5%) were specialists working mainly in the ICU, 81 (38.6%) were specialists working occasionally in the ICU, 47 (22.4%) were specialists not working in the ICU, and 39 (18.6%) were doctors in training. The difference between the estimate and the realistic prognosis was less than 10 percentage points for 1083 (43.0%) estimates, between 10 and 20 percentage points for 645 (25.6%) estimates, and over 20 percentage points for 792 (31.4%) estimates, out of which 612 (24.3% of all estimates) underestimated and 180 (7.1%) overestimated the likelihood of survival. The median error (the median of the differences between the estimate and the realistic prognosis) for all estimates was −8.8 [interquartile range (IQR), −20.0 to −0.2], which means that the most typical response underestimated the likelihood of survival by 9 percentage points. Based on the 12 estimates, we calculated the median error for each respondent. The median (IQR) of these median errors was −8.6 (−12.6 to −5.0) for specialists working mainly in the ICU, −8.1 (−13.0 to −5.2) for specialists working occasionally in the ICU, −9.7 (−17.7 to −6.3) for specialists not working in the ICU, and −9.1 (−14.5 to −5.1) for doctors in training (p = .29).

Conclusion

Finnish anesthesiologists commonly misestimate the long‐term prognoses of ICU patients, more often underestimating than overestimating the likelihood of 1‐year survival. More education about critically ill patients' prognoses and better prediction tools are needed.
Skin, gut, and lung barrier: Physiological interface and target of intervention for preventing and treating allergic diseases
Authors: Berni Canani Roberto , Caminati Marco , Carucci Laura , Eguiluz‐Gracia Ibon
Published: March 2024

The epithelial barriers of the skin, gut, and respiratory tract are critical interfaces between the environment and the host, and they orchestrate both homeostatic and pathogenic immune responses. The mechanisms underlying epithelial barrier dysfunction in allergic and inflammatory conditions, such as atopic dermatitis, food allergy, eosinophilic oesophagitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and asthma, are complex and influenced by the exposome, microbiome, individual genetics, and epigenetics. Here, we review the role of the epithelial barriers of the skin, digestive tract, and airways in maintaining homeostasis, how they influence the occurrence and progression of allergic and inflammatory conditions, how current treatments target the epithelium to improve symptoms of these disorders, and what the unmet needs are in the identification and treatment of epithelial disorders.
The Omnibus Law on Job Creation and its potential implications for rural youth and future farming in Indonesia
Authors: Sanders Anna , Khatarina Josi , Assegaf Rifqi , Toumbourou Tessa , Kurniasih Heni , Suwarso Reni
Published: March 2024

Indonesian rural youth face challenges accessing farmland and sustaining an agricultural livelihood while their labour is not necessarily absorbed by other sectors. In that context, the Omnibus Law on Job Creation (Law 11/2020) promises to liberalise trade and investment across multiple sectors, including agriculture and food security. Combining legal research and political economy approaches to youth and agrarian challenges, we identify amendments to legislation that reduce safeguards for the environment, workers' and farmers' rights and their livelihoods. If fully implemented, the legislative amendments could further narrow youth's options both for secure formal work and futures in farming by accelerating the expansion of infrastructure, industrial plantations and extractive industries that utilise low‐wage labour and huge areas of land. This exposes inconsistencies in the government's approach to increase future food security by promoting intensification of agriculture and attracting youth to farming, while enabling agro‐ and resource extraction that absorbs land yet offers limited and precarious employment prospects.
Perspectives on technology: Single‐use catheters – evidence and environmental impact
Authors: Zhao Calvin C. , Comiter Craig V. , Elliott Christopher S.
Published: March 2024

Objective

To explore the data comparing single‐ vs multi‐use catheters for clean intermittent catheterisation (CIC), consider if the widespread use of single‐use catheters is warranted given the cost and environmental impact, and put forth ideas for future consideration.

Methods

A primary literature review was performed in PubMed over the past 50 years. Studies that performed comparative analysis of single‐ and multi‐use catheters were included in our review. All studies that reported on primary data were narratively summarised.

Results

A total of 11 studies were identified that reported on primary data comparing single‐ and multi‐use catheters. There was no appreciable evidence suggesting reusable multi‐use catheters were inferior to single‐use catheters from an infection or usability standpoint. In addition, the environmental and monetary burden of single‐use catheters is significant.

Conclusions

The intermittent catheter landscape in the USA has a complex past: defined by policy, shaped by industry, yet characterised by a paucity of data demonstrating superiority of single‐use over multi‐use catheters. We believe that the aversion to reusable catheters by many patients and healthcare professionals is unwarranted, especially given the cost and environmental impact. Moving forward, better comparative data and more sustainable practices are needed.
tiRNA‐Gly‐GCC‐001 in major depressive disorder: Promising diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker
Authors: Tian Haihua , Gao Shugui , Xu Miaomiao , Yang Mei , Shen Mengyuan , Liu Jimeng , Li Guangxue , Zhuang Dingding , Hu Zhenyu , Wang Chuang
Published: March 2024

Background and Purpose

In major depressive disorder (MDD), exploration of biomarkers will be helpful in diagnosing the disorder as well as in choosing a treatment and predicting the treatment response. Currently, tRNA‐derived small ribonucleic acids (tsRNAs) have been established as promising non‐invasive biomarker candidates that may enable a more reliable diagnosis or monitoring of various diseases. Herein, we aimed to explore tsRNA expression together with functional activities in MDD development.

Experimental Approach

Serum samples were obtained from patients with MDD and healthy controls, and small RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) was used to profile tsRNA expression. Dysregulated tsRNAs in MDD were validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The diagnostic utility of specific tsRNAs and the expression of these tsRNAs after antidepressant treatment were analysed.

Key Results

In total, 38 tsRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in MDD samples relative to healthy individuals (34 up‐regulated and 4 down‐regulated). qRT‐PCR was used to validate the expression of six tsRNAs that were up‐regulated in MDD (tiRNA‐1:20‐chrM.Ser‐GCT, tiRNA‐1:33‐Gly‐GCC‐1, tRF‐1:22‐chrM.Ser‐GCT, tRF‐1:31‐Ala‐AGC‐4‐M6, tRF‐1:31‐Pro‐TGG‐2 and tRF‐1:32‐chrM.Gln‐TTG). Interestingly, serum tiRNA‐Gly‐GCC‐001 levels exhibited an area under the ROC curve of 0.844. Moreover, tiRNA‐Gly‐GCC‐001 is predicted to suppress brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Furthermore, significant tiRNA‐Gly‐GCC‐001 down‐regulation was evident following an 8‐week treatment course and served as a promising baseline predictor of patient response to antidepressant therapy.

Conclusion and Implications

Our current work reports for the first time that tiRNA‐Gly‐GCC‐001 is a promising MDD biomarker candidate that can predict patient responses to antidepressant therapy.
Architecture and evolution of shelf‐margin clinoforms developed in a back‐arc tectonic setting: Insights from quantitative analysis on the south‐west shelf margin of the Ulleung Basin
Authors: Song Gihun , Lee Hyun Suk , Lee Seungcheol
Published: March 2024

Geophysical and geological research in the Ulleung Basin has been ongoing since the 1970s, involving continuous seismic acquisition and multiple well‐drilling projects. This study utilized an integrated quantitative approach with conventional seismic interpretation based on recent trends to understand the history of the shelf‐margin development and individual controls that may have influenced each period in the Ulleung Basin. Quantitative analysis was conducted by measuring the progradation (Pse), aggradation (Ase) and sediment influx (Fc) of individual shelf margins in seven dip‐oriented seismic profiles, and calculating the shelf‐edge gradient (αse) and the P/A ratio. Based on these data and the ratio of accommodation to sediment supply (A/S ratio), which was interpreted from the stratal stacking pattern, five shelf‐edge trajectory types were defined and assigned to each shelf margin. By considering individual controls (eustatic fluctuations, sediment supply and tectonic events), we defined the three evolution intervals of the Ulleung Basin during the Middle Miocene to Late Miocene (15 to 6.5 Ma): (1) the upper Middle Miocene (15 to 11.63 Ma) characterized by a moderate sediment supply and high aggradation margin induced by rapid subsidence, (2) the lower Upper Miocene (10.8 to 10 Ma) as a high sediment supply and low aggradation margin associated with reworked sediments from the uplifted Dolgorae Thrust and (3) the uppermost Miocene (9.2 to 6.5 Ma) characterized by a low sediment supply and low aggradation margin experiencing sediment starvation. A comparison with worldwide continental margins indicated that the Ulleung Basin formed under a relatively low rate of progradation (low sediment supply; 4.79 km/Myr) and a high rate of aggradation (high shelf accommodation; 361.04 m/Myr) condition. The SW margin of the Ulleung Basin provides a unique example of understanding stratigraphic architecture variations under changing stress regimes of back‐arc setting (extensional to compressional) and understanding of individual controls that influence margin development.
Matching decision support modeling frameworks to disease emergence stages and associated management objectives
Authors: Grant Evan H. Campbell , Mosher Brittany A. , Bernard Riley F. , Wright Alexander D. , Russell Robin E.
Published: March 2024

Wildlife disease management decisions often require rapid responses to situations that are fraught with uncertainty. By recognizing that management is implemented to achieve specific objectives, resource managers and science partners can identify an analysis technique and develop a monitoring plan to evaluate management effectiveness. For emerging infectious diseases, objectives may take several distinct forms, dependent on the perceived stage of disease emergence (i.e., pre‐epidemic, early outbreak, mid‐epidemic, and endemic), the expected rate of spread, and the anticipated effect of the disease on host populations. Identifying modeling techniques and metrics that are linked to management objectives will require early and consistent communication between managers and science partners. We link modeling approaches that can be used to forecast and evaluate the performance of intervention strategies with a range of disease management objectives. Our aim is to help scientists recognize alternative modeling approaches which may better align with different forms of disease management objectives, and to help managers evaluate the relevance of proposed modeling approaches to their specified objectives for disease management. Recognizing that disease management objectives can take different forms, and thus require different modeling approaches, can help wildlife disease response teams (i.e., natural resource managers, scientists, and stakeholders working collaboratively) better prepare and respond to disease threats.
Interconnections between children's upbringing, camps, and post‐war villages: caregivers' lived experiences in northern Uganda
Authors: De Nutte Leen , De Haene Lucia , Derluyn Ilse
Published: March 2024

Since the end of the Second World War in 1945, the erection of camps within and across state borders has become the most common response to the influx of displaced persons. Based on empirical evidence from northern Uganda, this paper aims to provide answers to two main questions: (i) how does the camp influence and frame the upbringing of children?; and (ii) how do caregivers shape and adjust upbringing within this setting and when they return to their ‘former homes’ ? Interviews and focus‐group discussions were conducted with 48 caregivers living in Kitgum District, northern Uganda. Deductive thematic analysis was employed to structure participants' accounts of past and present interconnections between upbringing and (previous) encampment. By paying close attention to their (counter‐)narratives, people's agency and coping are emphasised through the simultaneous forging of new interconnections (that is, discontinuities) and holding on to old interconnections (that is, continuities) between upbringing, the camp, and the post‐war village.
Potential use of poultry farms by wild waterfowl in California's Central Valley varies across space, times of day, and species: implications for influenza transmission risk
Authors: Teitelbaum Claire S. , Casazza Michael L. , Overton Cory T. , Sullivan Jeffery D. , Matchett Elliott L. , McDuie Fiona , Lorenz Austen A. , Ackerman Joshua T. , De La Cruz Susan E. W. , Prosser Diann J.
Published: March 2024

Interactions between wildlife and livestock can lead to cross‐species disease transmission, which incurs economic costs and threatens wildlife conservation. Wild waterfowl are natural hosts of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), are often abundant near poultry farms, and have been linked to outbreaks of AIVs in poultry. Interspecific and seasonal variation in waterfowl movement and habitat use means that the risk of disease transmission between wild birds and poultry inevitably varies across species, space, and time. Here, we used GPS telemetry data from 10 waterfowl species in and near California's Central Valley, a region where both wild waterfowl and domestic poultry are abundant, to study selection of poultry farms by waterfowl across diel, seasonal, and annual cycles. We found that waterfowl selected for wetlands, open water, protected areas, and croplands, which meant that they generally avoided habitats that were likely to be used for poultry farming. These selection patterns were linked to species' ecology and diel behavioral patterns, such that avoidance of poultry habitats was stronger for local or partial migrants than for long‐distance migrants, and stronger during daytime than at night. We then combined these habitat selection results with data on poultry farm locations to map risk of waterfowl–poultry contact across the Central Valley. Average selection strength at poultry farms was low, suggesting that current placement of poultry farms is generally effective for limiting risk of contact with wild birds. When we combined these habitat selection results with data on species' abundances and AIV infection prevalence, we found dramatic variation in potential AIV transmission risk among species. These results could be used to prioritize surveillance and biosecurity efforts for regions and times of relatively high risk. More generally, these results highlight that fine‐scale movement data can help identify interspecific, seasonal, and diel patterns in animal behaviors that affect wildlife and poultry health.
Epistemic Vice Rehabilitation: Saints and Sinners Zetetic Exemplarism
Authors: Dunne Gerry , Kotsonis Alkis
Published: March 2024

This paper proposes a novel educational approach to epistemic vice rehabilitation. Its authors Gerry Dunne and Alkis Kotsonis note that, like Quassim Cassam, they remain optimistic about the possibility of improvement with regard to epistemic vice. However, unlike Cassam, who places the burden of minimizing or overcoming epistemic vices and their consequences on the individual, Dunne and Kotsonis argue that vice rehabilitation is best tackled via the exemplarist animated community of inquiry zetetic principles and defeasible‐reasons‐regulated deliberative processes. The vice‐reduction method they propose is made up of four distinct yet complementary components: (1) positive exemplarism of epistemic virtue (saints), (2) negative exemplarism of epistemic vice (sinners), (3) direct teaching/instruction, and (4) cognitive apprenticeship. Dunne and Kotsonis argue that this pedagogical intervention appropriately considers learnings deriving from forensic scrutiny of both ideal and non‐ideal interpersonally calibrated zetetic features integral to knowledge acquisition as well as wider societal influences impacting the development of agents' epistemic character. It bridges research on vice epistemology (Cassam's obstructivist theory), social epistemology (corrupted social processes mitigating against vice rehabilitation), virtue epistemology, and moral exemplarism.
A systematic review of altered resting‐state networks in early deafness and implications for cochlear implantation outcomes
Authors: Jafari Zahra , Kolb Bryan E. , Mohajerani Majid H.
Published: March 2024

Auditory deprivation following congenital/pre‐lingual deafness (C/PD) can drastically affect brain development and its functional organisation. This systematic review intends to extend current knowledge of the impact of C/PD and deafness duration on brain resting‐state networks (RSNs), review changes in RSNs and spoken language outcomes post‐cochlear implant (CI) and draw conclusions for future research. The systematic literature search followed the PRISMA guideline. Two independent reviewers searched four electronic databases using combined keywords: ‘auditory deprivation’, ‘congenital/prelingual deafness’, ‘resting‐state functional connectivity’ (RSFC), ‘resting‐state fMRI’ and ‘cochlear implant’. Seventeen studies (16 cross‐sectional and one longitudinal) met the inclusion criteria. Using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool, the publications' quality was rated between 65.0% and 92.5% (mean: 84.10%), ≥80% in 13 out of 17 studies. A few studies were deficient in sampling and/or ethical considerations. According to the findings, early auditory deprivation results in enhanced RSFC between the auditory network and brain networks involved in non‐verbal communication, and high levels of spontaneous neural activity in the auditory cortex before CI are evidence of occupied auditory cortical areas with other sensory modalities (cross‐modal plasticity) and sub‐optimal CI outcomes. Overall, current evidence supports the idea that moreover intramodal and cross‐modal plasticity, the entire brain adaptation following auditory deprivation contributes to spoken language development and compensatory behaviours.
Radiosynovectomy in haemophilic synovitis and arthropathy of the knee: A scoping review
Authors: Ray Aaron , Rowbotham Emma
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Radiosynovectomy is an established treatment for chronic synovitis in patients with haemophilia. Although its role in rheumatological diseases has diminished, it remains an accepted therapy for haemophilic synovitis.

Aim

The aim of this scoping review was to map and summarise the evidence surrounding radiosynovectomy in haemophilic knees, identify gaps in the literature and inform future research.

Results

Forty‐three manuscripts and abstracts were identified for this review. Evidence was limited to observational studies and Yttrium‐90 was the most studied licensed radioisotope. Radiosynovectomy was associated with a reduction in bleeding frequency and pain, improvements in range of motion and a reduction in the use of factor replacement.

Conclusion

The literature reviewed lacks studies of sufficient methodological quality to permit systematic review and meta‐analysis. Systematic review using risk of bias assessment for observational studies should be undertaken to better evaluate the efficacy and safety of radiosynovectomy. A causal relationship between RSV and key clinical outcomes remains undetermined.
Addition of substances to reduce the erosive potential of acidic beverages to tooth enamel: A scoping review
Authors: Jácome Erik Vinícius Martins , Bessa Mariana Silva de , Borges Boniek Castillo Dutra , Torres Ana Clara Soares Paiva
Published: March 2024

Objective

This scoping review aimed (1) to map, analyse, interpret and synthesize data from in situ studies on which substances were added to acidic beverages to reduce the erosive potential on tooth enamel and (2) to establish the level of evidence of the effectiveness of adding substances to acidic beverages to reduce the erosive potential on tooth enamel.

Design

This is a scoping review, according to the methods from the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA‐ScR, with high‐sensitivity searches in the databases PubMed (MEDLINE), Virtual Health Library, Embase (Elsevier), Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science and ScienceDirect (Elsevier). In situ studies published in English until December 2022 were included. Studies that did not report a control group were excluded. To map and summarize the results, tables and figures were used.

Results

From 895 potentially eligible articles, nine were included. Blackcurrant juices (n = 5) with the addition of calcium (n = 3) or xanthan gum (n = 2) formulations were the most tested in terms of reducing the erosive potential of the beverages on tooth enamel. The profilometer was the equipment of choice (n = 8) for evaluating the loss of enamel structure after the experimental tests.

Conclusions

Calcium and xanthan gum are among the most tested by in situ studies, offering promising results in reducing the erosive potential of fruit juices and carbonated and energy drinks.
Cultural factors and family influences on adolescent oral health: qualitative research in a socially disadvantaged population
Authors: Purohit Bharathi M. , Singh Abhinav , Barbi Wagisha , Ahmad Shamshad
Published: March 2024

Aim

This qualitative study sought to assess the influence of cultural factors and family on oral health behaviour of 12‐ to 15‐year‐old adolescents from the socially disadvantaged population.

Design

A qualitative design was developed with focus group discussions (FGDs) among 12‐ to 15‐year‐old adolescents. Four focus groups (n = 32 participants) were created from a selected sample to capture oral health beliefs and practices, oral health‐seeking behaviour along with other relevant information. Focus group discussions were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated. Data were analysed thematically and structural coding was applied.

Results

Three key themes that emerged from FGDs were importance of oral health; role of family in oral health behaviour; and beliefs influencing access, prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Cultural background, family values and beliefs were imperative in moulding the behaviour of adolescents towards oral health. The use of traditional oral hygiene aides was a norm in this population.

Conclusions

Findings of the study provide greater insights into the authoritative role of family and cultural barriers in the uptake of dental services. The study also highlights the potential value of qualitative research and emphasizes the need to integrate oral health‐associated cultural beliefs and attitudes of the adolescents towards a wider evidence base.
Giving children pocket money to help them understand economic principles in personal budget management and reduce gender gaps in financial matters: Does it work?
Authors: Garyn‐Tal Sharon
Published: March 2024

Most children who receive pocket money have no idea how to manage it as they have never been taught financial literacy. However, the existing literature does not focus on the level of financial education and guidance children receive or the degree to which parents supervise their children in making decisions about pocket money. This research aims to fill the gap. This study focuses on the financial decisions of children aged 12–16, comparing 105 parent–child dyads in which the child gets pocket money to 101 parent–child dyads in which the child does not get pocket money. The study's results demonstrate that, unlike previous studies, getting pocket money has no impact on children's excessive consumption of fast food and sweets, whereas society's impact on children's consumer decisions increases when they are given pocket money. In contrast, if children believe their parents make good financial decisions and if parents share the household financial decisions with them, children will make better financial decisions themselves. In addition, consistent with previous research, girls – more than boys – see themselves as influenced by their friends in the context of consumer decisions and perceive of themselves as excessive consumers. Implications for parents as well as government policy are discussed.
Upcycling Classics—Sustainable Design Development through Fabric Manipulation Techniques in Fashion Design Education
Authors: Burns Angela
Published: March 2024

As the sustainable fashion movement gains momentum, there is a growing need to introduce such concepts to the next generation of fashion designer. One approach to produce sustainable designs is upcycling, defined as the salvage and reuse of discarded or found items into new products. This study examines a pedagogical approach for engaging 2nd year undergraduate textile and fashion design students in sustainable fashion design practice. Working in groups, students are challenged to upcycle old clothing into a little black dress, using a keyword as direction for concept, design development, and garment construction techniques. To elevate value in post‐consumer textile waste, it is necessary to develop high‐quality contemporary design outcomes. This teaching approach aims to encourage the revaluation of recyclable resources, the exploration of the creative potential of fabric manipulation techniques, experimental design development, and professional production techniques. This is achieved through the implementation of a design brief that establishes original approaches to upcycling, contrary to the arbitrary processes that are typically used.
Eliciting Empathy Embedded in Design Conversations: Empathic Perspective‐Taking of Design Teachers Towards Design Students, Users and Materials
Authors: Efilti Pelin , Gelmez Koray
Published: March 2024

This paper aims to interrogate the design studio conversations between teachers and students in order to explore the indicators regarding empathy. To investigate design conversations occurring between design teachers and design students, participant observation studies were conducted at two universities in Finland and Turkey. As an empathic indicator, we addressed (1) how design teachers take the perspective of other agencies and (2) what deliveries are utilised for empathic perspective‐taking. It was understood that design teachers identify themselves with both human and non‐human agencies as design students, users and materials. Moreover, deliveries leading to the identification of design teachers with these agencies included both discursive and performative means.
Performance of different machine learning algorithms in identifying undiagnosed diabetes based on nonlaboratory parameters and the influence of muscle strength: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Xu Ying , Qiu Shanhu , Ye Jinli , Chen Dan , Wang Donglei , Zhou Xiaoying , Sun Zilin
Published: March 2024

Aims/Introduction

Machine learning algorithms based on the artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine, naive Bayesian or logistic regression model are commonly used to identify diabetes. This study investigated which approach performed the best and whether muscle strength provided any incremental benefit in identifying undiagnosed diabetes in Chinese adults.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study enrolled 4,482 eligible participants from eight provinces in China, who were randomly divided into the training dataset (n = 3,586) and the testing dataset (n = 896). Muscle strength was assessed by handgrip strength and the number of chair stands in the 30‐s chair stand test. An oral glucose tolerance test was used to ascertain undiagnosed diabetes. The areas under the curve (AUCs) were calculated accordingly and compared with each other.

Results

Of the included participants, 233 had newly diagnosed diabetes. All the four machine learning algorithms, which were developed based on nonlaboratory parameters, showed acceptable discriminative ability in identifying undiagnosed diabetes (all AUCs >0.70), with the ANN approach performing the best (AUC 0.806). Adding handgrip strength or the 30‐s chair stand test to this approach did not increase the AUC further (P = 0.39 and 0.26, respectively). Furthermore, compared with the New Chinese Diabetes Risk Score, the ANN approach showed a larger AUC in identifying undiagnosed diabetes (Pcomparison < 0.01), regardless of the addition of handgrip strength or the 30‐s chair stand test.

Conclusions

The ANN approach performed the best in identifying undiagnosed diabetes in Chinese adults; however, the addition of muscle strength might not improve its efficacy.
Infestation of Anthonomus grandis grandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) contributes to forming shelter structures in cotton plants
Authors: do Vale Willian S. , Filho Laélcio N. Ribeiro , dos Santos Iuri , Neto Benício de M. Santos , Araújo Lilian R. , Santana Henrique J. C. , da Silva Thainara F. G. , Bastos Cristina S. , da Silva Carlos A. D. , Zanuncio José C. , Leite Suzany A. , Castellani Maria A.
Published: March 2024

Herbivorous arthropods can induce their host to form structures where they shelter during unfavourable periods. The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), can spend the off‐season inside cotton plant structures, known as dry bolls, protected from pesticides, natural enemies and heat and desiccation on the soil surface, thereby increasing its survival and preserving its reproductive capacity. However, the relationship between the boll weevil and dry boll formation is not fully understood and requires further study. The formation and external and internal characteristics of dry bolls on cotton plants infested with different densities of boll weevils, and the emergence and survival of this insect from these structures, were evaluated. Compared with non‐infested control plants, plants infested with boll weevil formed almost twice as many dry bolls, which were 2.3 times heavier and with a diameter 1.7 times larger than those on non‐infested plants. Boll weevil infestation reduces the number of bolls and commercial mass of fibre + seeds, reducing productivity and increasing cotton harvest contaminants. However, dry bolls on non‐infested plants demonstrate that other factors are involved in their formation.
Diagnosis, isolation and description of a novel amnoonvirus recovered from diseased fancy guppies, Poecilia reticulata
Authors: Soto Esteban , LaFrentz Benjamin R. , Yun Susan , Megarani Dorothea , Henderson Eileen , Piewbang Chutchai , Johnston Amber E. , Techangamsuwan Somporn , Ng Terry Fei Fan , Warg Janet , Surachetpong Win , Subramaniam Kuttichantran
Published: March 2024

The guppy, Poecilia reticulata, is one of the most common cultured ornamental fish species, and a popular pet fish highly desired by hobbyists worldwide due to its availability of many brilliantly coloured fish of many varieties. The susceptibility of guppies to diseases presents a remarkable concern for both breeders and hobbyists. In this study, we report the emergence of disease in fancy guppies caused by a previously uncharacterized virus in the USA. This virus was isolated from moribund guppies in two separate outbreaks in California and Alabama, from December 2021 to June 2023. The infected guppies presented with acute morbidity and mortality shortly after shipping, displaying nonspecific clinical signs and gross changes including lethargy, anorexia, swimming at the water surface, gill pallor, mild to moderate coelomic distension and occasional skin lesions including protruding scales, skin ulcers and hyperaemia. Histological changes in affected fish were mild and nonspecific; however, liver and testes from moribund fish were positive for Tilapia lake virus (TiLV), the single described member in the family Amnoonviridae, using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, although the latter was weak. A virus was successfully recovered following tissue inoculation on epithelioma papulosum cyprini and snakehead fish cell lines. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed nucleotide and amino acid homologies from 78.3%–91.2%, and 78.2%–97.7%, respectively, when comparing the guppy virus genomes to TiLV isolates. Based on the criteria outlined herein, we propose the classification of this new virus, fancy tailed guppy virus (FTGV), as a member of the family Amnoonviridae, with the name Tilapinevirus poikilos (from the Greek ‘poikilos’, meaning of many colours; various sorts, akin to ‘poecilia’).
Deep‐bed drying kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of high‐moisture parboiled paddy (ASD‐16) in a reversible airflow fixed bed dryer
Authors: Wincy W. Beno , Santhappan Joseph Sekhar , Murugan P. C.
Published: March 2024

Reversible airflow fixed bed dryer (RAFBD) is an energy‐efficient, cost‐effective, and dependable dryer for using renewable energy sources in parboiling mills. In this study, a medium‐sized and high‐moisture parboiled paddy, ASD‐16, was dried in the RAFBD to determine its deep drying characteristics and thermodynamic properties. The chosen paddy variety is a commonly cultivated paddy in the southern region of Tamil Nadu, India. The RAFBD experimental setup was designed to dry 30 kg of parboiled paddy. For the statistical analysis, the experimental data for the deep‐bed drying at hot air temperatures 50–80°C and velocities of 0.1 and 0.15 m/s were used at constant specific humidity. To predict drying characteristics, 12 drying models were compared. Based on their statistical parameters, the Midilli et al. model was selected. For the tested conditions, the coefficients for effective moisture diffusion, heat transfer, and mass transfer were between 9.82 × 10−8 and 2.13 × 10−7 m2/s, 0.3802 and 1.325 W/m2 K, and 0.375 × 10−4 and 1.26 × 10−4 m/s, respectively. Furthermore, the determined activation energy ranged from 20.4964 to 20.4390 kJ/mol.

Practical Applications

ASD‐16 is one of the popular paddy varieties cultivated and used in parboiling mills in the study region. The outcome of this research can contribute to the application of a cost‐effective dryer for drying high‐moisture paddy. Furthermore, the drying time and bed height proposed in this work can reduce the drying time in the mills and improve energy efficiency. The drying kinetics and suitability of the models found in this study will contribute to the design and development of low‐cost dryers for the local parboiling industries. As rice husk, which is a waste from paddy processing, is used for the heating process, industries can reduce the cost of energy for closed‐roof drying. This study provides a clear insight to the researchers and designers in standardizing the capacity of the dryer, drying temperature, and airflow rate for any similar kind of paddy variety.