bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspek Agronomi Pohon Karet dan Masalah yang Dihadapi Petani Karet
Authors: Hutapea Sumihar , Panggabean Ellen Lumisar , Aziz Rizal , Siregar Tumpal HS , Suswati Suswati
Published: May 2021

Tebal kulit disadap, kedalaman sadap, panjang alur sadap, frekuensi sadap, dan waktu sadap harus dipertimbangkan dalam penyadapan pohon karet. Perencanaan penggunaan bidang sadap penting untuk menjamin periode sadap yang  panjang, lebih dari 25 tahun. Pada perkebunan karet rakyat hal tersebut tidak dianut. Oleh karena itu, penyuluhan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan petani diperlukan. Penelitian ini menyajikan aspek agronomi  perkebunan karet rakyat yang menunjukkan rendahnya produksi dan beberapa aspek penyuluhan yang diperlukan petani karet. Penelitian dilakukan melalui survei dan tanya jawab pada Juni-Juli 2019 di Desa Sari Laba Jahe, Kecamatan Biru-Biru, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Kelompok yang disurvei adalah Kelompok Tani Mekar Tani yang beranggota 30 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengamatan kebun karet masing-masing petani dan tanya jawab untuk memperoleh data serta informasi, berkaitan dengan aspek agronomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petani karet belum menghasilkan produksi ideal, 26,67% petani menghasilkan kurang dari 25 g per pohon per sadap. Sebanyak 17 petani mengelola kebun seluas kurang dari 1 ha dan 1-1,5 ha mengelola kurang dari 500 pohon per ha. Sebanyak 46% petani berpendapat bahwa masalah yang dihadapi dalam mengelola kebun karetnya adalah penyakit jamur akar putih (JAP).
Pengembangan Sistem Pembibitan Ternak Kambing Peranakan Etawah di Kelompok Ternak Lembah Meru, Desa Wonoasri, Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Khasanah Himmatul , Purnamasari Listya , Suciati Luh Putu
Published: May 2021

Kelompok Ternak Lembah Meru merupakan salah satu kelompok yang mengusahakan pembibitan ternak kambing PE (Peranakan Etawah). Permasalahan dalam  kelompok ini adalah sulitnya mendapatkan bibit unggul yang dapat menunjang keberhasilan usaha. Adapun solusi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan mengembangkan dan menerapkan sistem pembibitan pola inti terbuka (open nucleus breeding scheme) karena sistem ini cocok diimplementasikan di peternakan rakyat. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan berupa FGD (Focus Group Discussion) dengan UPTPT-HMT Jember sebagai sumber parent stock, sosialisasi dan pelatihan sistem pembibitan kambing PE, sosialisasi dan pelatihan manajemen pencatatan dan pembibitan ternak, dan evaluasi serta pemonitoran keberhasilan program. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan perilaku (100%), pengetahuan (100%), dan keterampilan peternak dalam melakukan usaha pembibitan ternak kambing PE dengan sistem pembibitan inti terbuka (100%). Akan tetapi, penerapan teknologi pengolahan pakan dan penggunaan smartphone untuk pencatatan masih rendah (55%). Kelompok ternak berperan sebagai inti yang memelihara dan mengembangkan ternak unggul. Adapun anggota kelompok berperan sebagai plasma dan multiplier. Program ini sangat bermanfaat bagi peningkatan struktur sistem pembibitan ternak kambing PE di Kelompok Ternak Lembah Meru.
Accompaniment on Application of Concentrates as Cattle Feed for Palm-Oil Plantation Farmers
Authors: Baliarti Endang , Maulana Hamdani , Ngadiyono Nono , Budisatria I Gede Suparta , Panjono Panjono , Widi Tri Satya Mastuti , Yulianto Muhammad Danang Eko , Atmoko Bayu Andri
Published: May 2021

The activity aims to trial and applies the result of the study of the palm oil plantation-cattle integration system, especially in feed technology, and increase the knowledge and ability of cattle maintenance for Karya Bersama farmers groups. Karya Bersama is one of the farmers’ groups that develop palm oil plantation-cattle integration. The activities are carried out from July to November 2017 at the Sawit-Sapi Center, and the Karya Bersama Farmers Group located in Rokan Hulu District, Riau. The activity began with the socialization of the ingredients, function, benefits of concentrate feed, and concentrate feed production process at Sawit-sapi Center. The activity continued with the application trial of concentrate feed for cattle belonging to farmers and accompaniment for two months. The results showed that the concentrate feed containing 55-60% of palm kernel oil with 17,42% protein content has excellent palatability. Each cattle is given 2 kg/day, always consumed. The activities received a very positive response, so we hope this activity would increase the farmers’ enthusiasm to improve their cow performance.
Francisco Peredo Castro, Cine y propaganda para Latinoamérica. México y Estados Unidos en la encrucijada de los años cuarenta
Authors: OCAÑA MORENO KARINA
Published: May 2021

Reseña
Felipe Arturo Ávila Espinosa, Entre el Porfiriato y la Revolución. El gobierno interino de Francisco León de la Barra
Authors: MEYER LORENZO
Published: May 2021

Reseña
Learning without seeking?: Incidental exposure to science news on social media & knowledge of gene editing
Authors: Anderson Joshua T. L. , Howell Emily L. , Xenos Michael A. , Scheufele Dietram A. , Brossard Dominique
Published: May 2021

Little is known about how incidental exposure to news, interpersonal discussion, and the diversity of social networks interact in social media environments and for science-related issues. Using a U.S. nationally representative survey, we investigate how these features relate to factual knowledge of gene editing. Incidental exposure to science-related news interacts with interpersonal discussion and network heterogeneity and reveals that the relationship between incidental exposure to news and knowledge is strongest among those who discuss the least. Incidental exposure could alleviate knowledge gaps between the Facebook users who are the most and least involved in interpersonal discussions about science.
Use of modern forensic methods for post-mortem diagnosis of blood loss
Authors: Sundukov D. V. , Putintsev V. A. , Shekera V. V. , Bogomolov D. V. , Romanova O. L.
Published: May 2021

In forensic medical practice, when diagnosing the cause of death from blood loss, it is often necessary to solve questions related to the etiology of loss of circulating blood volume (CBV), the degree and severity of the injury, as well as its role in thanatogenesis and the duration of the terminal (agonal) period. When investigating the cases of death from acute blood loss, the authorities often ask forensic experts to solve issues related to the possibility of performing active targeted actions by the dying person, as well as to assess the timeliness of medical care and the actions of medical personnel. The solution of these issues is often difficult for experts, and it is associated with both objective and subjective reasons. For example, in cases where the circumstances of death are unknown, or there are no medical documents, or they do not contain sufficient information, without which it is impossible to conduct a retrospective clinical and anatomical analysis for the purpose of differential diagnosis between hemolytic shock and post-hemorrhagic anemia. The article deals with the use of new methodological approaches in postmortem morphological diagnostics of blood loss by the rate of its development and its role in thanatogenesis, in forensic medical practice. For example, a particular forensic expertise (case study) shows that the application of two new methods allowed to solve the issues for the investigator related to the cause of death and duration of dying from blood loss. Experts knowledge of new methodological approaches to the forensic diagnosis of acute blood loss will help law enforcement authorities to counteract crimes against the life of citizens, as well as to development the measures to improve the methods for prevention and reduction of mortality from traumatic injuries with blood loss.
East Asia at the Crossroads of Cooperation and Rivalry at the Regional and International Levels: Editorial Introduction
Authors: Kuteleva Anna V. , Shcherbakov Denis A.
Published: May 2021

The rise of new powers throughout the 2000s and the 2010s augurs the end of the unipolar system that has persisted since the end of the Cold War. In no region is this transition more compelling than in East Asia. Economic revitalization of this region and a steady redistribution of power related to it is a dynamic process characterized by intense changes in foreign policy strategies, practices, and orientations of China, Korea, and Japan. The proposed special issue seeks to critically assess the emerging developments of Chinas, Japans, and Koreas core international perceptions and policies. More specifically, the special issue addresses two complex and interrelated questions. Firstly, how do China, Korea, and Japan adapt to the changing international landscape? Secondly, how do China, Korea, and Japan respond to the challenges inherent to the pursuit of the enhanced international status? The contributions to this special issue aim at scrutinizing Chinas cybersovereignty and industrial policy; exploring the strengths and limitations of Koreas public diplomacy; and examining Japans contributions to regionalism. The special issue also discusses Russias relations with East Asia and its role in regional politics.
Geopolitical and Economic Backgrounds for Japan’s Participation in International Associations at the Present Stage
Authors: Korneev Konstantin A.
Published: May 2021

Japan is one of the undisputed economic leaders in the Asia-Pacific region, despite the fact that in a number of macroeconomic indicators (for example, in nominal GDP) it gave the primacy to China in the late 2000s. Nevertheless, the positions of Japanese financial and industrial groups in the automotive and shipbuilding sectors, information technology, telecommunications systems, and power equipment manufacturing are still strong in the world markets. Tokyo also feels confident in the international political space - most regional problems are solved with the active participation of Japan. Accordingly, the Japanese government has all the possibilities to conduct a clear and consistent foreign policy with a maximum consideration for its own interests, as well as it has opportunities to attract a wide range of overseas partners to mutually beneficial cooperation within the framework of multilateral agreements. However, nowadays in the Asia-Pacific markets, Japanese corporations face increasing competition from Chinese and South Korean companies, which forces Japan to take into account new geopolitical situations and strive to softly promote its vision of regional development. The purpose of the study is to analyze Japans approaches to participation in current international associations and to assess the overall impact of these approaches on the geopolitical and economic space of the Asia-Pacific region. The research methodology is based on the apparatus of social sciences (comparative analysis, content analysis, economic and statistical analysis, synthesis, historical and logical methods), and is supplemented by a systematic approach to the research topic through the search and interpretation of the appropriate information.
Industrial Policy in the Electric Power Sector as Part of China’s Global Leadership Strategy
Authors: Epikhina Raisa A.
Published: May 2021

Chinas growing economic power led to the rise of its geopolitical ambitions in the 21st century, and Chinas industrial policy has long been an important tool for implementing its global leadership strategy. Yet, how effective is the visible hand of the state? This paper examines the positive and negative effects of industrial policy implementation in Chinas electricity sector based on the analysis of policy documents, statistics, and academic publications. This study finds that together with energy policy measures industrial policy has been quite successful in promoting RD activities and production of high-tech power equipment. It gave China an opportunity to increase the share of clean energy sources in the power generation mix. Besides, Chinese power companies gradually became global leaders in the electricity sector. At the same time, the implementation of industrial policies has led to the over-expenditure of resources and is characterized by problems of horizontal and vertical coordination between the three main players in the policy-making and implementation system: the central government, local authorities, and large state-owned companies. The development of the electric power sector and related industries is managed by a large group of ministries and departments of the central government. Moreover, the heads of several energy companies have the power and influence equivalent to that of a minister, and there were divergences of priorities of central and local authorities at the regional level.
Knowledge Diplomacy as an Instrument of South Korea’s Foreign Policy: Theoretical Aspects and Practical Implementation in the Case of KOICA Scholarship Program
Authors: Varpahovskis Eriks
Published: May 2021

The relevance of this study derives from the limited understanding of the mechanisms of public diplomacy that are activated when scholarship programs for international students are conducted by East Asian countries, particularly South Korea. Moreover, the relevance of the topic is also determined by the scarcity of research on the role of knowledge in public diplomacy mechanisms. The author of this article analyzes South Koreas international student exchange scholarship program, the KOICA Scholarship Program. This case study analyzes the contents of official documents adopted by the Government of the Republic of Korea, documents and materials published by subordinate organizations that administer scholarship programs for international students, as well as scholarly papers on the topic of knowledge diplomacy and related topics. The novelty element is that the concept of knowledge diplomacy, which is gaining popularity worldwide almost has not been used in the Russophone academia, and the studies on South Korean exchange programs as public diplomacy instruments are also poorly represented. The analysis of official documents has shown that the concept of knowledge in the official Korean interpretation differs from the existing academic interpretations accepted in the West (e.g., Great Britain, the United States). Also, the analysis of the scholarship program showed that it only partly complies with the knowledge diplomacy goals assigned by the Government. In particular, through this scholarship Korea successfully transmits knowledge about Korean history and culture, as well as professional knowledge, while the field of knowledge exchange in the program remains unattained. The author concludes with several practical recommendations on how to improve the effectiveness of the scholarship program as a tool for knowledge diplomacy.
The Key Components of South Korea’s Soft Power: Challenges and Trends
Authors: Matosian Agapi E.
Published: May 2021

To this day political processes are less and less impacted by military force. States are increasingly resorting to the use of means of latent influence or relying on cultural attraction. Such phenomena have led to the emergence of soft power in international relations. Many countries, including the Republic of Korea, effectively use soft power tools in implementing policies at various levels. This manuscript seeks to analyze the main soft power components and tools of the Republic of Korea in foreign policy. The paper examines the background of the formation and development of soft power strategies. Many factors have predetermined the growing popularity of Korean culture, a phenomenon subsequently called the Korean Wave (Hallyu). This paper identifies the main elements of the Hallyu, including public diplomacy and South Koreas cultural economy exporting pop culture, entertainment, music, TV dramas, and movies, and examines how these elements complement each other.
Performa Tryptone Bile X-Glucuronide (TBX) yang disuplementasikan dengan Cefotaxime sebagai Medium Selektif Untuk Skrining ESBL-E.coli dari Sampel Lingkungan
Authors: Febrianti Tati , Nursofiah Sundari , Amalia Novi , Febriyana Dwi , Saraswati Ratih Dian , Puspandari Nelly , Sunarno Sunarno , Efadeswarni Efadeswarni
Published: May 2021

Identification of ESBL-E.coli from environment without selective medium will be challenging to do considering that E.coli mixes with various other microorganisms in the environment. This study aimed to determine the performance of TBX Agar supplemented with Cefotaxime as a selective medium for ESBL-E. coli screening from 138 water samples of environmental sampling obtained from rivers, open sewers in the market, poultry slaughterhouses and hospital waste water inlets and outlets around Jakarta. Laboratory examinations were carried out through the filtration stage, inoculation on the TBX Agar supplemented with Cefotaxime medium as well as species confirmation and ESBL with the indol test and double-disk test. The results showed that 87.08% (40-100%) of suspect colonies growing on TBX Agar supplemented with Cefotaxime medium were confirmed as E.coli and 82.51% (12-100%) were confirmed as ESBL-E.coli. However, there was no correlation between TBX Agar supplemented with Cefotaxime performance and sampling locations. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the TBX supplemented with Cefotaxime medium can be used for ESBL-E.coli screening in the environment, but further confirmation is needed using the indole and double-disk tests.

Keywords: Escherichia coli, ESBL, TBX Agar suplemented with Cefotaxime

Abstrak Identifikasi ESBL-E.coli tanpa medium selektif akan sangat sulit dilakukan pada sampel lingkungan mengingat ESBL-E.coli bercampur dengan berbagai mikroorganisme lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui performa TBX Agar yang disuplementasi Cefotaxime sebagai medium selektif untuk skrining ESBL-E.coli. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 138 sampel air lingkungan yang diambil dari sungai, saluran pembuangan terbuka di pasar, rumah pemotongan hewan unggas (RPHU) serta inlet dan outlet limbah rumah sakit di sekitar Jakarta. Pemeriksaan laboratorium melalui tahapan filtrasi, inokulasi pada medium TBX Agar dengan suplementasi Cefotaxime serta konfirmasi spesies dan ESBL dengan uji indol dan double-disk test. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa koloni tersangka yang tumbuh pada medium TBX Agar dengan suplementasi Cefotaxime sebanyak 87,08% (40-100%) terkonfirmasi sebagai E.coli dan 82,51% (12-100%) terkonfirmasi sebagai ESBL-E.coli. Namun, tidak ada hubungan antara performa TBX Agar dengan suplementasi Cefotaxime dengan lokasi pengambilan sampel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa medium TBX Agar dengan suplementasi Cefotaxime cocok digunakan untuk skrining ESBL-E.coli di lingkungan namun tetap diperlukan konfirmasi lanjut menggunakan uji indol dan double disk test.

Kata kunci: Escherichia coli, ESBL, TBX Agar suplemented with Cefotaxime
Trumpismo: Un americanismo desfigurado
Authors: Yang Mimi , Ojeda Cecilia
Published: May 2021

La actual turbulencia cultural en los Estados Unidos de América deriva del fenómeno político del Trumpismo, enraizado en un concepto desarrollado por John Higham llamado nativismo. Un americanismo de doble eje se ha desfigurado en una mutua y destructiva interacción. El americanismo vertical establece un orden jerarquizado que asegura el poder de una clase blanca dominante en una sociedad homogénea racial y culturalmente. El americanismo horizontal, basado en los ideales de Martin Luther King Jr. y Barack Obama, busca lograr la igualdad entre razas, creencias y clases sociales diversas. La línea del color (en términos de Dubois) deviene en un límite cuya actual tensión máxima separa estos dos ejes, desfigurando culturalmente a la nación.
Delayed solitary metastasis from primary follicular thyroid carcinoma to the scapular bone, a case report, and review of the literature
Authors: Omranipour Ramesh , Farahzadi Athena , Hassanesfahani Maryam
Published: May 2021

Most of the bone metastasis origination from Follicular Thyroid
Carcinoma (FTC) will present as non-solitary and non-isolated. We
present an extremely unique case of an isolated and solitary lesion in
an unusual site, scapula, originated from FTC presenting incredibly
about ten years after the initial successful treatment.
Catheter induced spinal epidural abscess in dialysis patients: A Systematic review of descriptive studies
Authors: Zuber Mohammed , Vidhyashree BH , Taj Shifa , Venkatraman Rajesh , Kumar BP Sathish , Jabeen Nihala
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Purpose: Recently, there is an increased number of reports
being published on catheter-induced spinal epidural abscess (SEA). This
review aims to identify and critically evaluate all the descriptive
studies that report the SEA due to catheterization and its presentation,
diagnosis, management, and outcomes. Methodology: A literature search
was performed in the PubMed database using MeSH terms “epidural
abscess” AND “renal dialysis” from inception to January 2021 without
any language restriction. Google Scholar, grey literature databases
(GreyNet. OpenGrey, Grey literature Report, BIOSIS Previews), and the
bibliographic search of included studies were carried out to find the
additional studies. Descriptive studies describing the SEA induced by
catheter usage were included in the review. Study selection, data
extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by two independent
reviewers any disagreement was resolved by discussing with the third
reviewer. Results: Data of 6 studies were retrieved for this review
which includes 11 patients (5 females and 6 males) aged from 26 to 79
years old. The most common patient’s presentation was back pain,
high-grade fever, quadriparesis, neck pain, drowsy, and altered mental
status. The most common isolated microorganism from the blood and
catheter tip was Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The most
common findings in all the patients were elevated erythrocyte
sedimentation rate and leucocyte count. Conclusion: Clinicians must be
aware of the possibilities of SEA initiated by catheter usage to prevent
further consequences. Aggressive antibiotic therapy along with surgical
intervention are the cornerstones in the management of SEA. Early
diagnosis and initiation of treatment are important factors that decide
the mortality and morbidity in patients with SEA. Keywords: Catheter;
Dialysis; Spinal epidural abscess; Systematic review; Case report
Protocol registration: International Prospective Register for Systematic
Reviews (PROSPERO) ID: CRD42021233375
RARE CONGENITAL ANOMALIES AT THE CRANIOVERTEBRAL JUNCTION; OS ODENTOIDEUM
Authors: Guntel Murat , Bayarogullari Hanifi
Published: May 2021

Aim: We aimed to identify dislocation, myelomalacia, and other
congenital pathologies that may cause neurological complications arising
from the odontoid process in the craniocervical junction (CVJ) of
patients who were performed cervical tomography due to various
complaints. Materials and Methods: Patients who were performed cervical
CT with various complaints between 2010 and 2018 were retrospectively
screened and evaluated, from the hospital registry system. Segmentation
and fusion anomalies arising from the odontoid process in the
craniovertebral junction area, as well as other accompanying pathologies
such as subluxation, dislocation, compression to the spinal cord, and
myelomalacia were also recorded. An additional 1.5 Tesla cervical MRI
was performed for the 12 patients with os odontoideum. Radiological
evaluation was performed on the workstation by an experienced
radiologist. Results: 2525 patients with cervical CT were included in
the study. 67 of these patients had congenital anomalies at the CVJ. 13
of 67 patients had os odontoideum, 38 had Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS).
Atlanto-occipital assimilation (AOA) and KFS often saw together. Only
AOA was observed in 16 cases. Neck pain and limitation of movement were
the most common findings in patients with congenital anomalies in the
CVJ region. Conclusion: Congenital anomalies at the CVJ region, although
rare, can cause mortality or morbidity. Cervical CT and MRI studies on
the CVJ region should be evaluated carefully by the clinicians due to
the risk of various complications.
Applicazione dei processi elettrochimici ai bioreattori a membrane vive incapsulate
Authors: Pierro Andrea
Published: May 2021

I bioreattori a membrana (MBR) uniscono nella stessa unità sia il
processo biologico che la filtrazione su membrana in sostituzione dei
sedimentatori secondari. Gli MBR presentano vari vantaggi rispetto
all’impianto convenzionale a fanghi attivi tra cui minor ingombro,
migliore qualità dell’effluente e minor produzioni di fanghi. Non
mancano, però, degli svantaggi: il primo è rappresentato dai costi
elevati dovuti ai consumi energetici e al costo delle membrane, il
secondo, ma non meno importante è legato alla formazione del fouling,
ossia dello sporcamento delle stesse, che ne riduce il flusso, limitando
così l’efficienza del processo. Negli anni sono state studiate diverse
tecnologie per porre rimedio a questi svantaggi. L’introduzione delle
membrane dinamiche auto-formanti (SFDM) ha permesso di contrastare il
problema del costo delle membrane, poiché il loro funzionamento è basato
sulla deposizione delle particelle di fango su un modulo di supporto con
porosità elevata e realizzato con materiali economici. Lo svantaggio
principale di questa tecnologia risiede nella necessità di un tempo
iniziale per la completa formazione della membrana dinamica, il quale
varia a seconda delle caratteristiche del refluo o delle condizioni
operative in cui avviene il processo.   Altra soluzione proposta dalla
letteratura scientifica per contrastare il problema dello sporcamento
della membrana è quella di accoppiare i processi elettrochimici con gli
MBR, tale soluzione non solo riduce il fouling di membrana ma aumenta le
performance depurative del sistema.
Procedure for resolving specification optimization task of heterogeneous robot colony
Authors:   ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Komasilovs Vitalijs
Published: May 2021

PhD thesis was developed at the Department of Computer Systems of Latvia University of Agriculture during the period from September 2009 through February 2013. The PhD thesis consists of 194 pages, comprising 8 tables, 39 pictures, 17 formulae, 4 annexes. 247 literature sources were used. The goal of the PhD thesis is to improve the specification development for heterogeneous multi-robot systems during design stage by analyzing the full solution domain instead of testing only a part of possible solutions. In order to achieve the goal of the thesis the list of objectives were defined as follows: 1. perform analysis of specification development methods applied for heterogeneous multi-robot systems; 2. define specification optimization task and its solution concept for heterogeneous multi-robot systems; 3. develop the procedure for finding optimal specification of heterogeneous multi-robot system in full solution domain; 4. develop mission definition technique and its decomposition approach for heterogeneous multi-robot systems; 5. perform the analysis of the size of feasible solution domain of the specification optimization task; 6. implement and experimentally test heuristic search algorithm for initial evaluation of specifications of multi-robot system; 7. analyze possibility to use simulation techniques for fine evaluation of specification of multi-robot system. The content of PhD thesis is structured according to the goal and the tasks of PhD thesis consisting of 6 sections. Section I gives a general overview of multi-robot systems, discusses the state-of-the-art of the multi-robot research domain and indicates specification selection problem for the heterogeneous multi-robot system. Section II defines specification optimization task for multi-robot system, describes the concepts used for optimization and gives an overview of specification optimization procedure developed within the thesis. Section III describes the first and the second steps of the specification optimization procedure, defines mission decomposition approach into components and tasks. Section IV refers to the third and the fourth steps of the specification optimization procedure, provides analysis of the domain of feasible solutions, defines formulas for estimating the size of the domain, and introduces CaMBot-Gen software used for the analysis. Section V refers to the fifths step of the procedure and defines initial evaluation of solution candidates using heuristic methods, introduces GAMBot-Eva software implementation of genetic algorithm based heuristic search, describes development of genetic representation of the solution domain, and defines the model for the estimation of total costs of ownership.
DNA protective activity of triterpenoids isolated from medicinal mushroom Fomitopsis betulina
Authors: Sofrenic Ivana , Andjelkovic Boban , Vujisic Ljubodrag , Novakovic Miroslav , Knezevic Aleksandar , Stankovic Miroslava , Milosavljevic Slobodan , Tesevic Vele
Published: May 2021

Eleven 31-methylenlanostane triterpenoids, i.e., seven 21- and four 26-oic acids, as well as a lupane triterpenoid betulin, isolated from the fruiting bodies of the mushroom Fomitopsis betulina, were tested for in vitro protective effect on chromosome aberrations in peripheral human lymphocytes using cytochalasin-B blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Most of the tested compounds showed a beneficial effect by reducing DNA damage of human lymphocytes more effectively than amifostine, a radioprotective agent, used as a positive control. All the tested compounds decreased MN frequency in the concentration dependent manner, with the concentration of 2.0 ?g mL-1 being the most effective ? with increase of the concentration the activity slightly decreases. The structure?activity relationship (SAR) studies indicated that the lanostanes containing a conjugated 7,9 (11)-diene system exhibit lower activity than ?8-analogues. It was also demonstrated that the DNA protective activities within the ?8-lanostane-26-oic acid group are affected by the substitution in position 3 pattern. In the ?8 series the oxygenation at C-12 or 16 as well as 21- or 26-oic acid functionality proved beneficial for in vitro protective effect on chromosomal aberrations. Betulin exhibited the lowest protective activity, but it is still comparable to that of amifostine.
Comparative analysis of international prognostic index for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, progression-risk score, and MD Anderson Cancer Center 2011 score - a single center experience
Authors: Mihaljevic Biljana , Vukovic Vojin , Milic Natasa , Karan-Djurasevic Teodora , Tosic Natasa , Kostic Tatjana , Marjanovic Irena , Dencic-Fekete Marija , Djurasinovic Vladislava , Dragovic-Ivancevic Tijana , Pavlovic Sonja , Antic Darko
Published: May 2021

Introduction/Objective. Prognostication of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been substantially improved in recent times. Among several prognostic models (PMs) focused on the prediction of time to first treatment (TTFT), progression-risk score (PRS), and MD Anderson Cancer Center score 2011 (MDACC 2011) are the most relevant, while CLL-International Prognostic Index (CLL-IPI), although originally developed to predict overall survival (OS), is also being used to estimate TTFT. The aim of this study was to investigate CLL-IPI, PRS, and MDACC 2011 prognostic values regarding TTFT and OS. Methods. The analyzed cohort included 57 unselected Serbian CLL patients from a single institution, with the basic characteristics reflecting more aggressive disease than in the general de novo CLL population. The eligible patients were assigned investigated PMs, and TTFT and OS analyses were performed. Results. Patients with higher risk scores according to CLL-IPI, PRS, and MDACC 2011 underwent treatment significantly earlier than patients with lower risk scores (p = 0.002, p = 0.019, and p < 0.001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, MDACC 2011 and CLL-IPI retained their significance regarding TTFT (p = 0.001 and p = 0.018, respectively), while PRS did not. CLL-IPI was the only significant predictor of OS both at the univariate (p = 0.005) and multivariate (p = 0.013) levels. Conclusion. CLL-IPI, PRS, and particularly MDACC 2011 are able to predict TTFT even in cohorts with more advanced-disease patients, while for prediction of OS, CLL-IPI is the only applicable among the three PMs. These results imply that PMs should be investigated in more diverse CLL populations, as it is in real-life setting.
Should I Blow the Whistle on My Boss? An Investigation of the Effects of Emotional Intelligence and Consequence Framing on the Subordinates' Whistleblowing Intentions
Authors: Geng Xin , Fleming A. Scott
Published: May 2021

Given that whistleblowing is considered an effective measure to prevent and detect fraud, we experimentally examine select factors that may impede a subordinate tipster to act when the leader is involved. Specifically, we examine the effects of the subordinate's emotional intelligence, the leader's emotional intelligence, and the consequence framing of outcomes to the company and the leader on the intention of the subordinate to blow the whistle. We found that when a leader is involved in a fraud and has a high emotional intelligence, the subordinate is less likely to blow the whistle. Moreover, the subordinate is more likely to blow the whistle when the outcome consequence is framed as being positive to the organization relative to being negative to the leader when the leader has a high emotional intelligence. This study makes scholarly contributions to the whistleblowing literature and has important practical implications in the anti-fraud arena.

Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.
The Effect of Whistleblower Source and Tip Frame on Internal Auditors' Judgments and Actions
Authors: Kerler William A. , Fleming A. Scott , Allport Christopher D.
Published: May 2021

The literature on assessments of whistleblower tips is limited and many unanswered questions exist. This study investigates the assessment of anonymous whistle blower tips by participants acting as internal auditors and the actions that ensue. Two-hundred sixteen participants rated the likelihood and seriousness of fraud and the investigative resources applied based upon a written script. Results suggest that the wording utilized by a tipster impacts fraud likelihood assessments, which in turn impacts tip importance assessments. The source of the tip was not significant in either assessment. Fraud likelihood assessments and tip importance assessments influence the experience level of the personnel assigned to investigate the tip, while tip importance also influences the hours assigned to investigate the tip. Finally, the frame of the tip has a significant indirect effect on the experience assigned and the hours assigned, mediated by fraud likelihood and tip importance assessments.

JEL Classifications: G41; M42; M49.
Fraud and Governance: The Importance of People
Authors: Hermanson Dana R.
Published: May 2021

This paper describes my professional journey focusing on human aspects of fraud and corporate governance. I describe the initial “light bulb” moments that highlighted the importance of people and the years of human-focused fraud and governance research and teaching since those events. I use five themes (skills, signals, relationships, fairness, and persuasion [with bad intent]) to summarize insights from a variety of human-focused research projects in fraud and governance and to provide avenues for future research. My overall goal is to use my professional journey to highlight key human-focused research themes, avenues for additional exploration, and ways to use research in class.
National Culture and Occupational Fraud Magnitude: The Moderating Role of Fraud Type
Authors: Chung Tingting (Rachel) , Sharma Pratyush Nidhi , Lee Chih-Chen , Pinto Jonathan
Published: May 2021

This study investigates the relationship between national culture and the magnitude of occupational fraud. Guided by national culture theory and economic theory of crime, we propose that a country's culture, as measured by Hofstede's six national culture dimensions—power distance, individualism, achievement orientation, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation, and indulgence—is related to the magnitude of occupational fraud. Further, we propose that the type of fraud moderates this relationship. We test these effects using a two-level model on a dataset of 2,898 occupational fraud cases across 41 countries. We find that uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation display significant positive associations with occupational fraud magnitude (while power distance and achievement orientation display marginally significant positive associations). Further, the effects of achievement orientation, uncertainty avoidance, and indulgence are moderated by fraud type (while power distance and long-term orientation show marginally significant interaction effects).
Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced with Ceramic Oxide Extracted By The Green Route
Authors: LAAD Meena
Published: May 2021

The paper presents the synthesis and characterization of Copper metal matrix composite reinforced with silica using powder metallurgy route. The 5%wt of silica is reinforced with copper metal as matrix material. 5% wt Magnesium was added as wetting agent as copper shows poor wettability towards silica. The reinforced silica was extracted from agro waste rice husk ash under controlled conditions of sintering temperature and duration of heating from rice husk ash using alkali extraction method. Reflux method was used to extract nanosilica from silica. Silica and the composite were characterized for microstructural studies, elemental composition and surface morphologies using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The synthesized copper silica composite was studied for structural, compositional and mechanical properties. The results showed that the copper metal matrix composite reinforced with silica showed improved mechanical behavior and can be used in all such applications where light weight and better mechanical strength from copper metal are expected. As the filler material silica is extracted from green route which partially replaces the expensive metal, this work reports a non-toxic, cost effective, light weight and improved mechanical strength substitute for copper metal applications.
Sistem Produksi Kerajinan Bambu Wulung Perspektif Ekonomi Islam (Studi Kasus Industri Kerajinan Bambu Wulung Desa Kemutug Kidul, Baturraden, Banyumas)
Authors: Destiyanti Nurlaeli
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAK

Sistem produksi merupakan kumpulan dari subsitem-subsistem yang saling berinteraksi dengan mentransformasikan input produksi menjadi output produksi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (Field Research). Dengan metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analisis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari analisis ekonomi Islam. Ketiga industri kerajinan bambu wulung sebagian sudah menerapkan sistem produksi sesuai dengan perspektif ekonomi Islam. Pada input dapat dilihat dari sumber daya alam atau bahan baku, sumber daya modal dan sumber daya manusia, yang pemanfaatannya digunakan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan didayagunakan sebaik-baiknya serta sesuai dengan hukum-hukum Islam. Proses produksi yang dilakukan oleh ketiga industri kerajinan bambu wulung Desa Kemutug Kidul dilakukan sesuai dengan tahapan-tahapan yang telah direncanakan. Pada output dilihat dari produk yang dihasilkan oleh industri kerajinan bambu wulung Desa Kemutug Kidul, Baturraden berkualitas baik. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan respon yang tinggi dari masyarakat luas.
Technology Addiction in Preschool Perıod: An Analysis on Illustrated Children's Books
Authors: GÜZELYURT Tuğçe , NAYCİ Ömer
Published: May 2021

Today, technological devices have started to occupy an important place in human life. Many studies have determined the positive and negative impacts of technological devices on human development. In line with the developments in science and technology, tools such as pencils, books, notebooks and erasers, which were popular in the past for children, have been replaced by devices such as tablets, phones and computers. Form this perspective, it is believed that many technology-oriented devices that are widely used today have positive and negative impacts on human beings. Misuse of technological devices may have undesirable and permanent consequences, particularly in the early years of life. Therefore, awareness should be raised on the prevention of technology addiction in families and stakeholders involved in the education process . Illustrated children's books are one of the most important tools that families and educators would utilize to relay correct information to children. By using illustrated children's books, children could be acknowledged according to their development levels about how and how long the technological devices would be used and the problems that could arise in misuse of technology. This has shown that illustrated children's books about technology addiction should be accurate in terms of their content and wording. In the light of this information, the aim of this study is to analyze the illustrated children's books for preschool period about technology addiction in terms of their compliance with the literature. Qualitative research method was used in the study. The study group consisted of 15 illustrated children's books, which were determined using a purposive sampling method called criterion sampling. In the study group, it was aimed to reach the whole population. Illustrated children's books were analyzed using the document review method. They were analyzed using the descriptive analysis and content analysis techniques (categorical analysis). Themes and codes determined in the study were expressed in frequency. As a result of the study, publishing of children's books on technology addiction in Turkey in 2010 and later, demonstrated that the importance of this issue was recognized rather late. Although the importance of the issue was recognized, it was concluded that the illustrated children's books analyzed were not sufficient in terms of the negative effects of technology addiction as well as the way they are recognized and addressed. That there was no information for parents or age recommendations in the illustrated children's books analyzed was regarded as one of the important obstacles hindering the achievement of their goals. In this context, it was concluded that illustrated children's books about technology addiction were not sufficient in terms of both quality and quantity.
The Theme of Love Against the Background of War in Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms
Authors: Mukundbhai Solanki Dr Mayurkumar
Published: May 2021

Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms has autobiographical elements that reveal the author’s life story. Lt. Frederic Henry, the narrator, tells the story of his love affair with Catherine Barkley, a nurse in the hospital. Being an eye witness and served as a soldier during World War I, Hemingway seems to favour humanity, love and peace in the novel. He considers the war as futile and venomous for mankind. Hemingway himself passed through upheavals of life but there was a little hope to get love in life. Love brings liveliness to man’s life. Plato considered love as the solution to all the problems. This paper is a sincere effort to evaluate Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms as a tale of love against the background of the war.
Anxiety, Burnout and Depression Levels According to Sex and Years of Work Experience in Italian Nurses Engaged in the Care of Covid-19 Patients
Authors: VITALE Elsa , CASOLARO Salvatrice
Published: May 2021

"Aim: To evaluate burnout, anxiety and depression levels in nurses directly
involved in the care of Covid-19 patients. Furthermore, particular attention
was paid to the existence of any differences between male and female nurses
to evaluate whether the variables considered can be influenced by the gender
variable.
Design: A cohort case-report study was carry out.
Sample: All Italian nurses who were at front line in the care of the Covid-19
patients were involved.
Measurement: The on line questionnaire collected data as regards: gender and years of work experience; the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire (MBI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire.
Results: Certainly the experience of the pandemic was very emotional for
nurses engaged in the front line in the care of Covid-19 patients. However,
anxiety and depression levels turned out to be normal, while some nurses
experienced them in the dimensions of emotional exhaustion and
depersonalization of the burnout rating scale.
Conclusion: The practical implication was the implementation of support
policies for nurses in tackling the problem of burnout more than that of
anxiety or depression."
Operator Subadditivity of the 𝒟-Logarithmic Integral Transform for Positive Operators in Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Dragomir Silvestru Sever
Published: May 2021

For a continuous and positive function ω (λ); λ> 0 and μ a positive measure on [0; ∞) we consider the following 𝒟-logarithmic integral transform

𝒟
ℒ
o
g

(

w
,
μ

)

(
T
)

:
=

∫
0
∞

w

(
λ
)

1
n

(

λ
+
T

λ

)

d
μ

(
λ
)

,

\mathcal{D}\mathcal{L}og\left( {w,\mu } \right)\left( T \right): = \int_0^\infty {w\left( \lambda \right)1{\rm{n}}\left( {{{\lambda + T} \over \lambda }} \right)d\mu \left( \lambda \right),}

where the integral is assumed to exist for T a positive operator on a complex Hilbert space H.

We show among others that, if A, B > 0 with BA + AB ≥ 0, then

𝒟
ℒ
o
g

(

w
,
μ

)

(
A
)

+
𝒟
ℒ
o
g

(

w
,
μ

)

(
B
)

≥
𝒟
ℒ
o
g

(

w
,
μ

)

(

A
+
B

)

.

\mathcal{D}\mathcal{L}og\left( {w,\mu } \right)\left( A \right) + \mathcal{D}\mathcal{L}og\left( {w,\mu } \right)\left( B \right) \ge \mathcal{D}\mathcal{L}og\left( {w,\mu } \right)\left( {A + B} \right).

In particular we have

1
6

π

2

+
di
log

(

A
+
B

)

≥
di
log

(
A
)

+
di
log

(
B
)

,

{1 \over 6}{\pi ^2} + {\rm{di}}\log \left( {A + B} \right) \ge {\rm{di}}\log \left( A \right) + {\rm{di}}\log \left( B \right),

where the dilogarithmic function dilog : [0; ∞) → ℝ is defined by

di
log

(
t
)

:
=

∫
1
t

1
n
s

1
-
s

d
s
,

 
 
 
 
t
≥
0.

{\rm{di}}\log \left( t \right): = \int_1^t {{{1ns} \over {1 - s}}ds,} \,\,\,\,t \ge 0.

Some examples for integral transform 𝒟𝒧og (˙;˙) related to the operator monotone functions are also provided.
Analysis of the Logistics Process of Waste Transport in the City of Pila (The Case Study From Poland)
Authors: Gorzelanczyk Piotr
Published: May 2021

The aim of the article is to analyze the logistics process of waste transport in the city of Piła and the proposal for its optimization. For this purpose, the concept of waste and related issues were characterized and a waste transport company in the city of Piła was discussed. The problems encountered in waste logistics were depicted. In the research part, with the use of a survey among city residents, functioning of the current logistics chain was verified. The questions of the survey focus on the logistics activities carried out during the collection of waste from the city. The study was conducted in an open manner, while maintaining anonymity for the respondents. The questions included in the survey make it possible to illustrate the residents´ awareness of waste segregation, the method of displaying waste, the residents’ opinion on the regularity of waste collection by a local company providing these services. In the second part of the study, the effectiveness of waste collection in the city center in single-family houses was observed in the period from March, 2019 to October, 2020. On the basis of the conducted research, it can be concluded that the operating system for collecting waste from city residents is good but not ideal, as in most cities in Poland.