bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new insight into the treatment of renal anemia with HIF stabilizer
Authors: Kuriyama Satoru , Maruyama Yukio , Honda Hirokazu
Published: December 2020

The long-term clinical experiences with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) and its analog derivatives have clearly proven that correction of anemia with erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) not only reduces blood transfusion and improves patients’ QOL but has multiple benefits for the concurrent complications of CKD such as Cardio-Renal–Anemia (CRA) syndrome and/or malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis (MIA) syndrome.

Unlike ESA, the newly available agent, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilizer, stimulates endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) by mimicking hypoxia with HIF prolyl hydroxylase domain enzyme (HIF-PHD) inhibition. The phase 2 and 3 clinical studies have shown that HIF stabilizers are as efficacious as ESA in ameliorating renal anemia. Whether the same clinical benefits on CRA and MIA syndrome hold true in patients given HIF stabilizers is a matter for future debate. Given that HIF stabilizers act on the multiple target genes, the use of this novel agent may lead to unwanted adverse events.

Launching HIF stabilizers into the treatment of renal anemia provokes a concern about how this alternative treatment will be taken up in the daily clinical practice. However, guideline-oriented strategies on how to use HIF stabilizer is not available at this limited point due to scant clinical information. Nevertheless, this opinion-based review provides a future insight into the management of renal anemia with HIF stabilizer by reference to the past experiences with ESA. HIF stabilizers can preferably be indicated for CRA syndrome at pre-dialysis stage, ESA resistant anemia at advanced CKD stage, and perhaps for dysregulated iron metabolism akin to MIA syndrome in patients on dialysis.
Widest geographic distribution of a shallow and mesophotic antipatharian coral (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia): Antipathes grandis VERRILL, 1928 – confirmed by morphometric and molecular analyses
Authors: Gress Erika , Opresko Dennis M. , Brugler Mercer R. , Wagner Daniel , Eeckhaut Igor , Terrana Lucas
Published: December 2020

We provide the first record of the shallow and mesophotic (< 150 m depth) antipatharian coral Antipathes grandis VERRILL, 1928 from the Indian Ocean. First described from Hawaii, A. grandis was recently found on a mesophotic coral reef in SW Madagascar. Its identity was confirmed by means of morphological and molecular analyses (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I). These findings not only expand our knowledge of the potential geographic range of antipatharian corals, but also challenge the belief that only deep-sea (> 200 m depth) benthic taxa have such wide geographic distributions.
The effectiveness of inhaled Cannabis flower for the treatment of agitation/irritability, anxiety, and common stress
Authors: Stith Sarah S. , Li Xiaoxue , Diviant Jegason P. , Brockelman Franco C. , Keeling Keenan S. , Hall Branden , Vigil Jacob M.
Published: December 2020

Background

An observational research design was used to evaluate which types of commonly labeled Cannabis flower product characteristics are associated with changes in momentary feelings of distress-related symptoms.

Methods

We used data from 2306 patient-directed cannabis administration sessions among 670 people who used the real-time Cannabis effects recording software, Releaf App, between June 6, 2016, and February 23, 2019, for tracking the effects of Cannabis flower consumption. Fixed effects multivariable panel regression techniques were used to establish overall relief by symptom type and to determine which labeled product characteristics (e.g., subspecies/subtype, inhalation method, and major cannabinoid contents) showed the strongest correlation with changes in momentary feelings of agitation/irritability, anxiety, and stress, along with experienced side effects.

Results

In total, a decrease in symptom intensity levels was reported in 95.51% of Cannabis usage sessions, an increase in 2.32% of sessions, and no change in 2.16% of sessions. Fixed effects models showed, on average, respondents recorded a maximum symptom intensity reduction of 4.33 points for agitation/irritability (SE = 0.20, p < 0.01), 3.47 points for anxiety (SE = 0.13, p < 0.01), and 3.98 for stress (SE = 0.12, p < 0.01) on an 11-point visual analog scale. Fixed effects regressions showed that, controlling for time-invariant user characteristics, mid and high tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) levels were the primary independent predictor of increased symptom relief, and that when broken out by symptom type, this effect was only statistically significant for our largest sample of users, those reporting anxiety rather than agitation/irritability or stress. Cannabidiol (CBD) levels were generally not associated with changes in symptom intensity levels. In a minority of cannabis use sessions (< 13%), cannabis users reported anxiogenic-related negative side effects (e.g., feeling anxious, irritable, paranoid, rapid pulse, or restless), whereas in a majority of sessions (about 66%), users reported positive anxiolytic side effects (e.g., feeling chill, comfy, happy, optimistic, peaceful, or relaxed).

Conclusions

The findings suggest the majority of patients in our sample experienced relief from distress-related symptoms following consumption of Cannabis flower, and that among product characteristics, higher THC levels were the strongest predictors of relief.
Diffusion-thermo and thermal-diffusion effects with inclined magnetic field on unsteady MHD slip flow over a permeable vertical plate
Authors: Oyekunle T. L. , Agunbiade S. A.
Published: December 2020

In this study, various fluid physical quantities effects such as diffusion-thermo, thermal-diffusion, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, inclined magnetic field on unsteady MHD slip flow over a permeable vertical plate are considered. The coupled and nonlinear partial differential governing equations consisting of momentum, energy and species equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations using perturbation technique. The resulted coupled, nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved by using collocation method with the aid of assumed Legendre polynomial. The impacts of different physical parameters on fluid properties are discussed and presented both graphically and tabularly. Both Dufour and Soret have the tendency of enhancing velocity profiles.
Most promising solid dispersion technique of oral dispersible tablet
Authors: Nikam Vikrant K. , Shete Shubham K. , Khapare Jyoti P.
Published: December 2020

Background

The most common problem about conventional dosage form is dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing). So, we design a new approach in a conventional dosage form which is oral dispersible tablet. Oral dispersible tablet is also called as mouth dissolving tablet, fast dissolving tablet, or oral disintegrating tablet. Oral dispersible tablet has advantage as it quickly disintegrates into saliva when it is put on the tongue. The faster the drug disintegrates or is dissolved, the faster the absorption and the quicker the therapeutic effect of drug will be attained.

Main text

This review article focuses on the progress in methods of manufacturing and various latest technologies involved in the development of oral disintegrating tablet. The solid dispersion technique is one of the novel techniques to manufacturing the oral dispersible tablet. Solid dispersion is basically a drug polymer two component system.

Conclusion

This review article focuses on advantages, disadvantages, materials used as carrier for solid dispersions, methods of preparation of solid dispersion, classification of solid dispersion, promising drugs that can be incorporated into oral disintegrating tablet by solid dispersion techniques, and recent research in solid dispersion technique using polymers as carriers.
Characterization and toxicity evaluation of degradation products of febantel
Authors: Mahajan Anand A. , Marathe Amey M. , Jarande Suvarna S. , Pissurlenkar Raghuvir , Gawande Vandana T.
Published: December 2020

Background

The aim of the present work was to determine potential toxicity of degradation products of febantel generated under different stress conditions mentioned in guideline Q1A (R2) laid down by International Council for Harmonization (ICH). The stability behavior of febantel was studied by subjecting it to hydrolytic, oxidative, photolytic and thermal forced degradation conditions.

Results

Five degradation products (DPs) were observed which were resolved using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and characterized by LC-MS/MS using positive mode of electrospray ionization. The chromatographic separation was carried out on Hypersil® BDS C18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column. Optimum resolution was obtained using ammonium formate buffer (10 mM, pH 3.5) and acetonitrile programmed in gradient elution mode at 281.0 nm using photodiode array detector.

Conclusion

The drug was found susceptible to degradation under all the stress conditions except thermal and oxidative stress. Five major unknown degradation products DP–I, DP–II, DP–III, DP–IV, and DP–V generated under photolytic, alkali, and acidic stress condition were identified and characterized by LC-MS/MS. The drug and identified degradation products were screened for prediction of in-silico toxicity using software viz. Swiss ADME, OSIRIS Property Explorer and Pro Tox II which indicated overall no toxicological concerns.

Graphical abstract
Upper gastrointestinal series in children: what surgeons need to know
Authors: Hamed Eman Ahmed , Mohammad Shaimaa Abdelsattar , Rawash Eldieb Leila M. , Shalaby Mennatallah Hatem
Published: December 2020

Background

Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series is the standard imaging tool for diagnosis of structural and functional abnormalities affecting the esophagus, stomach, and proximal small bowel. The aim of this study was to delineate the clinical indications for UGI series in children that are associated with the presence of significant radiological abnormalities aiming for more standardized care for those patients.

Results

UGI series of 118 patients was analyzed with calculation of clinical score. Vomiting was the most frequent primary complaint (63.6%), followed by dysphagia and recurrent chest infection. Forty-nine patients had positive upper GI findings (42%). The most detected abnormality was related to the stomach and duodenum (21.4%). Variable degrees of idiopathic gastroesophageal reflux were detected in 16 patients (13.6%). Patients with clinical score 2 or more had significantly more prevalence of abnormal findings (p = .001). Vomiting (especially when bilious), underweight, aspiration, and recurrent chest infection were strong predictors of abnormal findings on upper GI series (p = 0.007, 0.001, 0.009, and 0.001, respectively) and increased the diagnostic yield of upper GI series for detection of abnormalities by 3.48, 9.6, 4, and 4.12 times, respectively.

Conclusion

Diagnostic yield of UGI series was relatively higher in patients having two or more symptoms (clinical score 2 or more) and in children with bilious vomiting, aspiration and underweight, or repeated chest infection.
A comparative study of the voice-related quality of life among Egyptian elderly with and without voice complaints
Authors: Mahmoud Nesreen Fathi , Zahran Huda , Abdelmonam Sherif
Published: December 2020

Background

This study focuses on the self-perception of the voice in the elderly as assessed by the Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) questionnaire. This work aimed to compare differences in the voice-related quality of life outcomes between (1) elderly with and without voice disorders, (2) female and male elderly with voice disorders, and (3) different types of voice disorders, and to explore the correlation between the V-RQOL and perceptual analysis done by the clinician. Forty-three dysphonic and 44 non-dysphonic elderly filled out the Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) protocol that analyzes the impact of dysphonia on life quality. Vocal perceptual assessment of each subject with dysphonia was made by three voice therapists, followed by a flexible nasofibrolaryngoscope.

Results

A significant statistical difference was found between the means of total V-RQOL scores and its subdomains for each group (dysphonic and non-dysphonic). No significant differences were found between male and female elderly with dysphonia. The statistical analysis showed a significant correlation with the vocal assessment made by the clinicians and the V-RQOL self-assessment made by the subjects.

Conclusions

This study provides valuable information regarding the risk factors that contribute to vocal quality in the elderly population. Our results revealed that different types of voice disorders are common among the elderly population with significant negative effects on quality of life. It was observed that the poorest score on the V-RQOL was for functional voice disorders, followed by neoplastic lesions, whereas MAPLs had the best score on the V-RQOL.
Unsentimental Historicizing: The Neo-Slave Narrative Tradition and the Refusal of Feeling
Authors: Friedman Gabriella
Published: December 2020

Rooted partially in the US sentimental tradition, neo-slave narratives often feature lyrical language, emphasize the emotional experience of enslaved characters, and evoke the reader’s sympathy and empathy. Highlighting the use of sentimental conventions in neo-slave narratives including Alex Haley’s Roots (1976), Octavia E. Butler’s Kindred (1979), Sherley Anne Williams’s Dessa Rose (1986), Toni Morrison’s Beloved (1987), Lawrence Hill’s The Book of Negroes (2007), and M. NourbeSe Philip’s Zong! (2008), this essay explores the tension between sentimentality and the radical political goals of neo-slave narratives. This essay analyzes Colson Whitehead’s The Underground Railroad (2016) as a neo-slave narrative that rejects rather than revises sentimental conventions. The novel’s central conceit, a literal subterranean rail network, illustrates how anti-Blackness, settler colonialism, and racial capitalism interlock to materially and discursively enable the US nation-state and liberal citizenship; sentimental conventions facilitate processes of containment and capture that allow this infrastructure to function smoothly rather than disrupting it. In contrast, Underground foregrounds the prosaic over the lyrical, veils the interiority of its characters, and unsettles the reader’s desire to feel with or for the humanity of the enslaved. The novel models an alternative way of engaging slavery as an infrastructure, gesturing toward a mode of fugitive affiliation premised on acts of tangible care rather than affective identification or the possession of interiority.
Deciphering and modelling the TGF-β signalling interplays specifying the dorsal-ventral axis of the sea urchin embryo
Authors: Floc'hlay Swann , Molina Maria Dolores , Hernandez Céline , Haillot Emmanuel , Thomas-Chollier Morgane , Lepage Thierry , Thieffry Denis
Published: December 2020

During sea urchin development, secretion of Nodal and BMP2/4 ligands and their antagonists Lefty and Chordin from a ventral organizer region specifies the ventral and dorsal territories. This process relies on a complex interplay between the Nodal and BMP pathways through numerous regulatory circuits. To decipher the interplay between these pathways, we used a combination of treatments with recombinant Nodal and BMP2/4 proteins and a computational modelling approach. We assembled a logical model focusing on cell responses to signalling inputs along the dorsal-ventral axis, which was extended to cover ligand diffusion and enable multicellular simulations. Our model simulations accurately recapitulate gene expression in wild type embryos, accounting for the specification of ventral ectoderm, ciliary band and dorsal ectoderm. Our model simulations further recapitulate various morphant phenotypes, reveals a dominance of the BMP pathway over the Nodal pathway, and stresses the crucial impact of the rate of Smad activation in D/V patterning. These results emphasise the key role of the mutual antagonism between the Nodal and BMP2/4 pathways in driving early dorsal-ventral patterning of the sea urchin embryo.
Clathrin adaptor AP-1 and Stratum act in parallel pathways to control Notch activation in Drosophila Sensory Organ Precursor Cells
Authors: Bellec Karen , Pinot Mathieu , Gicquel Isabelle , Le Borgne Roland
Published: December 2020

Drosophila sensory organ precursors divide asymmetrically to generate pIIa/pIIb cells whose identity relies on activation of Notch at cytokinesis. While Notch is present apically and basally relative to the midbody at the pIIa-pIIb interface, the basal pool of Notch is reported to be the main contributor for Notch activation in the pIIa cell. Intra-lineage signaling requires appropriate apico-basal targeting of Notch, its ligand Delta and its trafficking partner Sanpodo. We previously reported that AP-1 and Stratum regulate the trafficking of Notch and Sanpodo from the trans-Golgi network to the basolateral membrane. Loss of AP-1 or Stratum caused mild Notch gain-of-function phenotypes. Here, we report that their concomitant loss results in a penetrant Notch gain-of-function phenotype indicating that they control parallel pathways. While unequal partitioning of cell fate determinants and cell polarity were unaffected, we observed increased amounts of signaling-competent Notch as well as Delta and Sanpodo at the apical pIIa-pIIb interface at the expense of the basal pool of Notch. We propose that AP-1 and Stratum operate in parallel pathways to localize Notch and control where receptor activation takes place.
Extensive nuclear gyration and pervasive non-genic transcription during primordial germ cell development in zebrafish
Authors: Redl Stefan , de Jesus Domingues Antonio M. , Caspani Edoardo , Möckel Stefanie , Salvenmoser Willi , Mendez-Lago Maria , Ketting René F.
Published: December 2020

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the precursors of germ cells, which migrate to the genital ridge during early development. Relatively little is known about PGCs after their migration. We studied this post-migratory stage using microscopy and sequencing techniques, and found that many PGC-specific genes, including genes known to induce PGC fate in the mouse, are only activated several days after migration. At this same time point, PGC nuclei become extremely gyrated, displaying general broad opening of chromatin and high levels of intergenic transcription. This is accompanied by changes in nuage morphology, expression of large loci (PGC-expressed non-coding RNA loci, PERLs) that are enriched for retro-transposons and piRNAs, and a rise in piRNA biogenesis signatures. Interestingly, no nuclear Piwi protein could be detected at any time point, indicating that the zebrafish piRNA pathway is fully cytoplasmic. Our data show that the post-migratory stage of zebrafish PGCs holds many cues to both germ cell fate establishment and piRNA pathway activation.
Switching between blebbing and lamellipodia depends on the degree of non-muscle myosin II activity
Authors: Ghosh Indranil , Singh Raman K. , Mishra Manjari , Kapoor Shobhna , Jana Siddhartha S.
Published: December 2020

Cells can adopt both mesenchymal and amoeboid modes of migration through membrane protrusive activities, namely formation of lamellipodia and blebbing. How the molecular players control the transition between lamellipodia and blebs is yet to be explored. Here, we show that addition of the ROCK inhibitor Y27632 or low doses of blebbistatin, an inhibitor of non-muscle myosin II (NMII) ATPase activity and filament partitioning, induces blebbing to lamellipodia conversion (BLC), whereas addition of low doses of ML7, an inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), induces lamellipodia to blebbing conversion (LBC) in human MDA-MB-231 cells. Similarly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of ROCK and MLCK induces BLC and LBC, respectively. Interestingly, both blebs and lamellipodia membrane protrusions are able to maintain the ratio of phosphorylated to unphosphorylated regulatory light chain at cortices when MLCK and ROCK, respectively, are inhibited either pharmacologically or genetically, suggesting that MLCK and ROCK activities are interlinked in BLC and LBC. Such BLCs and LBCs are also inducible in other cell lines, including MCF7 and MCF10A. These studies reveal that the relative activity of ROCK and MLCK, which controls both the ATPase activity and filament-forming property of NMII, is a determining factor in whether a cell exhibits blebbing or lamellipodia.
Adamantios Korais - Towards an Intellectual Biography: His medical work
Authors: Irodotou Constantin
Published: December 2020

The bibliography on Korais has paid almost no attention to his written work on medicine. I propose to focus on this omission. The initial question of the proposed research is rather simple: Was Korais a doctor? The bibliography hitherto answers “rather no” . The research project that I propose focuses on the study of Korais’ theses on medicine, which lie outside the “canon” . Pyretologiae Synopsis is the largest in length thesis of 1786. This work, to which Korais’ colleagues and teachers often refer, constitutes an attempt of mapping an “economia animalis” based on “fever” , in a period in which the study of passions and desires comes to the forefront, culminating, of course, in Sade. Korais’ second thesis, Medicus Hippocraticus, will be examined in the framework of the reform program of Société Royale de Médecine, which is closely connected with the University of Montpellier. There is always the possibility of certain surprises in the files of Korais’ teachers in Montpellier.
ON THE USAGE OF INTERACTIVE FEATURES FOR TEACHING GERMAN
Authors:   Northeastern state university, Narbut Elena , Titova Anastasiya ,   Northeastern state university
Published: December 2020

The problem of computerization as a distinguishing characteristic of a modern educational process is raised in the article. Within this framework the author stouch up on the problems arousing when on line teaching tools and the Internet are used. The authors give their ideas of the utilization of a web-based educational platform during German classes.
MODEL OF THE UNIVERSE IN CELTIC FOLKLORE
Authors:   Northeastern state university, Oschepkova Victoriya , Solovyeva Nataliya ,   Northeastern state university
Published: December 2020

The article discusses distinctive features of the model of universe, actualized in Celtic mythological texts. The authors describe the dualism of folk beliefs and the permeability of the border between “this” and “another” worlds; they analyze the language means representing the concepts of “border” and “portal”.
TRANSLATION OF TEXTS OF A PROFESSIONAL SPECIFICATIONAS THE MAIN DIRECTION OF ACADEMIC ACTIVITIESIN TEACHING THE DISCIPLINE"PROFESSIONAL FOREIGN LANGUAGE"IN A NON-LINGUISTIC UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Northeastern state university, Rudometova Liliya
Published: December 2020

The article considers the issue of translation of scientific and technical texts as the main direction of educational activity. The definition of the concept of “technical translation” is given, the types of technical translation are listed and characterized, and the features of the translation of scientific texts are highlighted.
MINIMIZATION DISCOURSE IN MODERN BELARUSIAN LITERATURE AS A SOCIO-CULTURAL PHENOMENON
Authors:   Northeastern state university, Skibitskaya Liudmila
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the trends in the functioning of small and minimal prose and poetic forms in Belarusian literature in the context of the development of Slavic literature of the 19th - 21st centuries. The discourse of minimization is attributed as a communicative technology of philology.
ALTERNATIVE FORMS OF TEACHING CHINESE TO YOUNG SCHOOLCHILDREN
Authors:   Northeastern state university, Sushchik Anastasia
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the alternative forms of teaching Chinese to young schoolchildren. The work deals with extraordinary approaches to teaching subjects, the principles of interaction between the teacher and the pupil during the lesson. The purpose of the article is to describe several forms of training that can be used in foreign language learning. Much attention is given to the cultural intercourse during the lessons in the Chinese language and extracurricular courses. In conclusion, it is stressed that the attitude to teaching Chinese to young schoolchildren should be based on alternative forms. The work is of interest for narrow circle of readers and experts working in the given branch.
EXPLICATION OF THE "TOTAL EFFECT" IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY TRANSLATIONS OF POE'S POEM " THE RAVEN"
Authors:   Northeastern state university, Tsvetkov Yuriy , Urusova Natalia ,   Northeastern state university
Published: December 2020

The article studies pre-revolutionary translations of "The Raven" by S. A. Andreevsky, L. I. Palmin, Dm. Merezhkovsky, K. Balmont and V. Bryusov. Only the last three of these translators were able to convey to the reader the main idea of "The Raven" by E. A. Poe, set out by the American poet in the" Philosophy of Composition" (1846).
PECULIARITIESOF TEXTCREOLIZATIONON THE EXAMPLE OF COMIC BOOKSTRANSLATIONS"MAUS: DIE GESCHICHTE EINES ÜBERLEBENDEN"BY A. SPIEGELMANAND"ENDSTATION GULAG" BY G. MOUMINOUX
Authors:   Northeastern state university, Narbut Elena , Kulshan Ekaterina ,   Northeastern state university
Published: December 2020

Peculiarities of creolized texts in the aspect of verbal and non-verbal components inter connection on contents-, contents-structural-and contents-linguistic level are viewed in the article.
LÍNGUA, VARIAÇÃO E LITERATURA: INTERSEÇÕES NECESSÁRIAS PARA O ENSINO
Authors: Hamdan Laila
Published: December 2020

Este estudo discute a importância da presença da literatura no currículo escolar, uma vez que assumida como elemento humanizador, responsável fundamental pela superação do preconceito linguístico. Essa possibilidade é estabelecida a partir do letramento literário construído em ensino de língua que perpassa a variação. O objetivo é apresentar elementos teóricos relacionados ao ensino, ao letramento literário e à variação organizados e originados em posicionamentos que promovem e ampliam o direito à literatura como valor incompressível (CANDIDO, 2011). Para tal, consideraram-se fundamentos teóricos sobre literatura e o seu lugar na escola e, portanto, sua função como componente curricular, sobre letramento e sobre ensino de língua e variação, percorrendo definições e práticas que promovem o desenvolvimento da habilidade linguística e consequente letramento literário. Como resultado alcançou-se a comprovação da importância da literatura no currículo escolar bem como a construção de práticas que ampliam o letramento literário em sua função humanizadora, portanto propiciadoras de inclusão social, uma vez que, neste espaço, está o olhar sobre a variação linguística e o ensino.
O USO VARIÁVEL DA CONCORDÂNCIA SOB A ÓTICA DE PROFESSORES DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA E MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Vieira Marília Silva , Gonçalves Rodrigo Borges
Published: December 2020

A língua se revela heterogênea, influenciada não apenas por forças internas, mas também por pressões externas. Logo, quando um falante qualquer se expressa por meio da língua, ele não transmite apenas os sentidos produzidos pelos signos linguísticos, mas também significados sociais compartilhados pela comunidade. Para aferir as crenças e atitudes de professores graduados em Letras e em Matemática de Quirinópolis, no sudoeste goiano, em relação às variações em concordância verbal e concordância nominal, esta pesquisa lançou mão de uma técnica de medição indireta chamada matched guise. Nesse sentido, as ações realizadas neste estudo basearam-se nos preceitos da Sociolinguística (LABOV, 2008; 2001; 1994; 1966; ECKERT, 2012; BOTASSINI, 2013) e na Sociolinguística Educacional (BORTONI-RICARDO, 2004). Os resultados apontados pela investigação da variação nas comunidades de práticas em questão evidenciaram que os professores de Matemática apresentaram rejeição mais saliente às variáveis pesquisadas, comparativamente aos professores de Língua Portuguesa. Logo, reforça-se a necessidade de que o ensino de Língua Portuguesa seja embasado em preceitos da variação linguística, inclusive na formação dos docentes de fora da área de Letras.
O TÍTULO E SEU PAPEL DE DESTAQUE NO TEXTO
Authors: Ribeiro Catarina Borges de Oliveira , Câmara Tania Maria Nunes de Lima
Published: December 2020

Este artigo demonstra a importância do título no texto, considerando-o não apenas como um complemento deste, mas, sim, como um componente atrativo, capaz de captar a atenção do leitor em um primeiro momento, revelando-se, portanto, um fator estratégico e orientador para a interpretação textual. Outro aspecto que merece destaque é que, além de possuir um lugar privilegiado, ele também guarda a subjetividade do autor. Além disso, ele deve preservar uma macroestrutura semântica elevada que se relacione com o conteúdo do escrito, mostrando-se interessante e coerente. Nesse sentido, este artigo pretende utilizar o espaço escolar para apresentar aos alunos tipos de intitulação, tanto as que guardam relação semântica com o texto, quanto as que não possuem esse entrelaçamento claro, com o intuito de incentivá-los na prática de produção textual, destacando a importância do título e, ao mesmo tempo, fornecendo mecanismos para lhes expandir a criatividade, assunto praticamente não trabalhado pelo professor da Educação Básica.
RECOMENDAÇÕES PARA QUEM REDIGE UMA PROVA LINGUÍSTICA
Authors: Torresan Paolo
Published: December 2020

Redigir uma prova linguística (seja qual for o conteúdo e a tipologia de exercícios/atividades que ela implica) é uma tarefa complexa, pois exige diferentes habilidades, a saber, o cuidado com os detalhes e o pensamento complexo (ou seja, a possibilidade de levar em consideração diferentes variáveis ao mesmo tempo). No caso deste artigo, consideramos cerca de 100 sugestões que possibilitam o docente ter um olhar atento e crítico durante a elaboração, a aplicação e correção da prova.
A LÍNGUA ESCRITA PADRÃO CONTEMPORÂNEA NO BRASIL, EM PORTUGAL E EM ANGOLA: O GÊNERO ACADÊMICO
Authors: Henriques Claudio Cezar
Published: December 2020

Este artigo apresenta parte da pesquisa desenvolvida na UERJ, com o apoio do CNPq. Intitula-se “Novos Estudos Geo-Históricos do Português: a modalidade escrita contemporânea” e adota critérios de seleção de textos que se ajustam quanto ao gênero, ao domínio discursivo e aos modos de organização textual. Subdivide-se em três campos principais, construídos e intitulados simétrica e coerentemente, a saber: (i) “O português em textos jornalísticos”; (ii) “O português em textos acadêmicos”; e (iii) “O português em textos literários”. Este artigo analisa e compara a linguagem acadêmica presente nos livros O Profissional Incomum, de André Portes, A Função Social do Direito de Autor, de Nuno Manuel Gonçalves, e O Mundo Fantástico da Linguagem Desportiva, de Geraldo Quiala.
Émile Durkheim e o socialismo
Authors: Vares Sidnei Ferreira de
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as posições do sociólogo francês Émile Durkheim frente às doutrinas socialistas, destacando suas impressões, suas críticas e as soluções por ele oferecidas aos dilemas enfrentados por seus representantes. Com isso, pretende-se resgatar uma discussão, que, já no final do século XIX, mas também em boa parte do século XX, ganhou notoriedade nos meios acadêmicos e intelectuais, sobretudo no continente europeu, suscitando assim um debate acerca das potencialidades e fragilidades do pensamento socialista.
What Happened with “What Happened, Miss Simone?”? – Assistindo ao documentário pela ótica do feminismo negro.
Authors: Queiroz Rafael Pinto Ferreira de
Published: December 2020

Este artigo propõe fazer uma análise crítica do documentário What Happened, Miss Simone? (2015), a partir do pensamento feminista negro. Utilizando importantes teorias desenvolvidas dentro dessa epistemologia, como o ponto de vista e a interseccionalidade, pretende-se provocar um deslocamento no olhar de um produto midiático que obteve aclamação de público e crítica. Optou-se por dividir o artigo em três partes sendo as duas primeiras, respectivamente, a carreira de Nina Simone e o feminismo negro, no modelo de introdução, objetivando uma breve contextualização. A terceira parte, aprofunda os temas abordados anteriormente para questionar a premissa do filme, a escolha dos interlocutores e a edição, que desconsideram a experiência da mulher negra e perpetuam seus estereótipos.
COVID-19 and caesareans
Authors: Winter George F
Published: December 2020

George F Winter offers insight into the risk associated with carrying out caesarean sections on women who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared with those who do not
The global annus horribilis
Authors: Brown Sharron
Published: December 2020

Sharron Brown provides an update on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on aesthetics, the imporant role of women in politics and a year unlike no other
Boosting business with ethical behaviour
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: December 2020

Increasingly, companies are taking to ethical behaviours. Adam Bernstein outlines the benefits of this, as well as where to start for businesses looking to make a change
Research on the Construction and Visualization of a Three-Dimensional Model of Rice Root Growth
Authors: Yang Le   , Wu Panpan   , Yang Suyong   , Shao Peng  
Published: December 2020

Highlights

This article proposes a three-dimensional rice root growth model based on the differential L-system.

We tested the accuracy of the model output, and the measured values and the simulated values were compared.

A three-dimensional visualization of the growth simulation system was implemented, and the dynamic growth process of rice roots was visually reproduced.

Abstract. Three-dimensional visualization studies on the morphological characteristics of rice root systems are important for improving farmland management and for the selective breeding and genetic improvement of rice. To clarify the rules governing the structure and distribution of rice roots, the three-dimensional (3D) coordinates and morphological parameters of rice roots were measured in hydroponic experiments at different growing periods, and the rice root structure was measured with a high degree of accuracy. The initial position, growth direction, and rate were then determined via statistical analysis of the data. In this article, a 3D rice root growth model based on the differential L-system is proposed; in this system, the biological characteristics based on the topological structure and the actual growth laws of rice roots are quantified. We adopted the growing degree day (GDD) as the driving factor that describes the growth law of rice roots and tested the accuracy of the model output. In this model, a 3D visualization of the growth simulation system of rice roots is implemented via Visual C++ and the OpenGL standard library on the basis of algorithms for the constructed 3D rice root growth model. The model output realistically recreates the dynamic growth process of rice roots under different conditions. A large amount of experimental data and comparative analysis show that the average accuracies achieved by the proposed system concerning total root length, root surface area and root volume are 96.95%, 95.97%, and 93.98%, respectively. These results verify the high reliability of the constructed model and the effective simulation of the morphological characteristics and growth laws of rice roots at different growth periods, laying the foundation for future research on the laws of changes in morphological structure and the physiological and ecological factors of rice roots at different growth stages. Keywords: Differential L-system, Rice roots, Simulation, Three-dimensional growth model, Visualization.
Investigations on the Effects of Low Laser Infrared Marking Energy and Barcode Size on 2D Data Matrix Code Detection on Apples
Authors: Eyahanyo Felix , Rath Thomas
Published: December 2020

Highlights

Laser energy, type of marking on the product and product color affected the Data Matrix detection

High laser marking energy resulted in ablation, browning and carbonization

Working direction of the laser beam affected the print growth of the Data Matrix

Proposed algorithm successfully decoded the barcodes on Golden Delicious apples

Abstract. Product marking in horticulture aims at providing robust and permanent means of marking products and preventing theft, tampering and cheating by customers. Direct part marking has sought to provide solutions to these problems. However, unlike in industry where it has been successful, in horticulture there are still a lot of challenges that prevent successful marking and reading of directly marked barcodes on horticultural products. The laser energy, barcode size, product color and days of storage are important factors that affect the marking, quality and readability of directly marked Data Matrix (DM) on apples. Therefore, the objective of this study was to solve the aforementioned problems with these factors by using Synrad 48-5 CO2 laser (10,600 nm), to mark some apples using low energy levels. Laser energy, the skin of the product and the inertia of the laser beam affected the printing of the DM on the apples. Incomplete marking of the DM at some of the energies used resulted in the DM not being decoded. Generally, there was successful decoding on Golden Delicious compared to Kanzi and Red Jonaprince for 10 days of storage. On the average, the smaller barcode size produced a better detection of the code than the bigger size. The better detection on Golden Delicious can be attributed to the better contrast between the DM and its color. As the days of storage increased, detection decreased for Kanzi and Red Jonaprince. There is a future prospect for directly reading marked apples in real production systems. Keywords: Apple, Apple skin, Barcode size, Data matrix, Laser, Product marking.
NIR Spectroscopy Detects Chlorpyrifos-Methyl Pesticide Residue in Rough, Brown, and Milled Rice
Authors: Rodriguez Fatima S , Armstrong Paul R , Maghirang Elizabeth B , Yaptenco Kevin F , Scully Erin D , Arthur Frank H , Brabec Daniel L , Adviento-Borbe Arlene D , Suministrado Delfin  C
Published: December 2020

Highlights

NIR spectroscopy detects quantitative and qualitative levels of chlorpyrifos-methyl residues in bulk rice.

Levels of chlorpyrifos-methyl residues in bulk rice can be differentiated at 78% to 100% correct classification.

Important NIR wavelengths for chlorpyrifos-methyl residue detection were identified.

NIR spectroscopy can be used to detect maximum residue levels of chlorpyrifos-methyl pesticide in rice.

Abstract. A rapid technique that uses near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of the presence of varying concentrations of chlorpyrifos-methyl in bulk samples of rough, brown, and milled rice was established. Five rice varieties, free of pesticides, obtained from RiceTec Inc. and USDA-ARS Arkansas experimental field were used as rough rice samples and also processed to obtain corresponding brown and milled rice. Rice samples were treated with StorcideTM II containing varying levels of the active ingredient, chlorpyrifos-methyl: 0, 1.5, 3, 6, 9, and 12 ppm for rough rice, 0, 0.75, 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 ppm for brown rice, and 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 ppm for milled rice. Concentrations of chlorpyrifos-methyl were verified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. A commercial NIR spectrometer (950-1650 nm wavelength range) was used to obtain spectra of bulk samples. Using partial least squares analysis for quantitative analysis, independent validation showed that chlorpyrifos-methyl residues in rough, brown, and milled rice are predictable with R2 ranging from 0.702 to 0.839 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 1.763 to 2.374 for rough rice, R2 ranging from 0.722 to 0.800 and SEP of 0.953 to 1.168 for brown rice, and R2 ranging from 0.693 to 0.789 and SEP of 0.131 to 0.164 for milled rice. For qualitative analysis obtained using discriminant analysis, rough rice samples with concentrations of 0, 1.5, and 3 ppm pooled as low pesticide level (LPL) is distinguishable to 6, 9, and 12 ppm which were pooled as high pesticide level (HPL). Similarly, for brown and milled rice, the lower three concentrations pooled as LPL is distinguishable from the higher three concentrations pooled as HPL. Independent validation showed overall correct classifications ranging from 77.8% to 92.6% for rough rice, 79.6% to 88.9% for brown rice, and 94.4% to 100% for milled rice. Keywords: Food safety, Grain quality, NIR spectroscopy, Pesticide residue, Rice.
Swine House Floor Durability Enhancement Using Pozzolan-Containing Concrete Mix Designs
Authors: Lapcharatsangroj Laddawan , U-Tapao Chalida
Published: December 2020

Highlights

The CSF-FA floors performed better than the non-CFH and CFH floors, especially under spallation conditions. It thus makes economic sense for small- and industrial-scale swine farms to switch to CSF-FA floors due to longer durability and better investment return, in comparison with non-CFH and CFH floors.

The statistical analysis indicated that the pozzolanic materials significantly improved the performance metrics of concrete mix designs (p<0.05), compared with the conventional non-CFH mix (control).

The research findings are expected to be beneficial for civil engineers in the construction of concrete structures that are prone to acid corrosion or in areas with acidic soil.

ABSTRACT. This research investigates the effect of pozzolanic materials on the performance of swine house concrete floor. The experimental pozzolans are fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF), and the performance metrics are compressive strength, abrasion resistance, and resistance to lactic and sulfuric acids. There are nine experimental concrete mix designs: concrete without floor hardener (conventional concrete or non-CFH), concrete with floor hardener (CFH), concrete with 15%, 30%, 45% fly ash, and concrete with silica fume and fly ash (CSF4FA26, CSF6FA24, CSF8FA22, CSF10FA20). In acid resistance tests, a groove was cut across the specimen surface to simulate floor spallation. The results showed that the CFH floor had the highest abrasion and acid resistance but suffered from severe acid damage under spallation conditions. Meanwhile, the CSF10FA20 floor had the highest compressive strength and acid resistance under spallation conditions. The statistical analysis indicated that the pozzolanic materials significantly improved the performance metrics of concrete mix designs (p<0.05), compared with the non-CFH mix design (control). The construction costs of CSF-FA floors (THB 118 – 121) and non-CFH floor (THB 116) were comparable, but they were considerably lower than that of CFH floor (THB 196). The acid resistance of CSF-FA floors was higher than that of non-CFH and CFH floors. As a result, the CSF-FA concrete mix designs should be adopted for the construction of swine house floor due to longer durability and better investment return, in comparison with non-CFH and CFH floors which are commonly used in small- and industrial-scale swine farms. Keywords: Acid resistance, Concrete material, Durability, Farm buildings, Swine flooring.
Employment Trends in Rhode Island From 2011 to 2017 for Adults With Intellectual Disability and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Shogren Karrie A. , Anderson Mark H. , Burke Kathryn M. , Antosh Anthony , Ferrara Victoria E. , Pallack Mary A. , Dean Evan E.
Published: December 2020

This study reports on state-level data in Rhode Island on employment and non-work activities of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities receiving services between 2011 and 2017. The goal was to examine the complex patterns of change over time in individual-level employment outcomes and the potential short-term impacts of a consent decree entered into by the state of Rhode Island to address integrated employment outcomes. Findings suggest that policy initiatives such as the consent decree can lead to reductions in reliance on facility-based work, but also highlight the importance of planning for the transition to competitive, integrated employment and not simply a shift toward non-work activities. Further, the data support the notion that the best predictor of integrated employment over time is previous experiences in integrated employment (not facility-based or other work or non-work activities), suggesting the role of ongoing supported employment and transition services that create and support the maintenance of integrated employment.
Inclusive Entrepreneurship and Motivation Among People With Intellectual Disability: “Why They Act”
Authors: Caldwell Kate , Harris Sarah Parker , Renko Maija
Published: December 2020

Social entrepreneurship is a growing trend for people with intellectual disability (ID). This trend reflects a shift in contemporary policy towards entrepreneurship and self-employment as a viable employment option for people with disability in general; a strategy which is intended to promote autonomy and reduce dependence on entitlement-based services as well as to reduce employment disparities and stimulate business and job creation. However, it is not well understood what exactly this means for people with ID involved in social entrepreneurial ventures. This research approached the issue by conducting dyadic interviews to explore the motivations of people with ID who are participating and supported in social entrepreneurship—“why they act.” In exploring these motivations, this article investigates push-pull factors, the role of the social mission, and how support influences motivation.
Mothers' Cultural Approach to Inclusive Education for Children With Intellectual Disability in South Korea: Qualitative Case Study
Authors: Jeong Yunji , Luckasson Ruth
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge and desires of parents of middle school students with intellectual disability regarding inclusive education practices and laws in South Korea. We interviewed seven mothers of children with ID who attended South Korean middle schools. Three themes emerged including (a) mother-teacher communication, (b) particular knowledge that suppressed further desires for inclusive education, and (c) culture-based advocacy for inclusive education. We discussed these findings based on Rawls's theory of justice, Confucianism, and the social model of disability.
Thin-film lithium niobate modulators for non-invasive sensing of high-frequency electric fields
Authors: Rollinson John , Hella Mona , Toroghi Seyfollah , Rabiei Payam , Wilke Ingrid
Published: December 2020

We propose a non-invasive, large-bandwidth electro-optic (EO) detection
scheme for high-frequency electric fields using thin-film lithium
niobate Mach–Zehnder interferometers. Our proof-of-concept device is
capable of detecting high-strength electric fields, such as those
present in x-ray free electron lasers and linear accelerators. The
proposed detection scheme utilizes an off-the-shelf C-band fiber optic
continuous-wave laser and optical spectrum analyzer, which has a lower
system cost and footprint compared to bulk-crystal-based schemes.
Towards this objective, fabricated devices are characterized in the
1–40 GHz frequency range to estimate the detection threshold,
detection bandwidth, and EO modulation strength. The characterized
device exhibits a

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normalized electric field
sensitivity. By extrapolating the measured frequency response, it is
expected that the characterized device will be able to detect
free-space electric fields up to 150 GHz.