bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery and Resolve: The Human Genetics Society of Australasia Oration 2011*
Authors: Pearn John
Published: February 2012

Human genetics spans every facet of biology from molecular science, through laboratory and clinical practice, to psychology and anthropology. In each of these areas, the history of human genetics has been punctuated by paradigm shifts in knowledge. Each such new concept has been received with skepticism, often with perplexity, and sometimes with frank incredulity. Such comprise the datum milestones along the path leading to our present corpus of genetic knowledge. In parallel to the personal threats to Copernicus and Galileo in the field of astronomy in the 17th century, almost all genetic discoveries of the 19th and 20th centuries were seen as challenges to the received wisdom, and sometimes the social order, of their time and place. Researchers, scientists and clinicians encountering such new and often-heretical paradigm shifts have required considerable resolve to promote and publish their work. Just as in the field of astronomy, new directions in genetics have threatened not only the reputations and sometimes the careers of scientists, but also have been challenges to fundamental religious and sociological beliefs in society more broadly. Examples followed the discovery of biological sexual dimorphism (in plants as well as animals) by Nehemiah Grew (1641–1712). Darwinian evolution, Mendel's First and Second Laws, the existence of mitochondrial genes, apoptosis and its genetic basis, and uniparental disomy are more recent examples. Many of these new revelations, which today have led to the current understanding of fundamental biology, were discovered by individuals working in relative isolation. To promote and publish findings that fundamentally challenge received wisdom continues to require considerable resolve, if not courage. Herein lies a message for all clinicians and researchers.
Variation in BMPR1B, TGFRB1 and BMPR2 and Control of Dizygotic Twinning
Authors: Luong Hien T. T. , Chaplin Justin , McRae Allan F. , Medland Sarah E. , Willemsen Gonneke , Nyholt Dale R. , Henders Anjali K. , Hoekstra Chantal , Duffy David L. , Martin Nicholas G. , Boomsma Dorret I. , Montgomery Grant W. , Painter Jodie N.
Published: February 2012

Genes in the TGF9 signaling pathway play important roles in the regulation of ovarian follicle growth and ovulation rate. Mutations in three genes in this pathway, growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and the bone morphogenetic protein receptor B 1 (BMPRB1), influence dizygotic (DZ) twinning rates in sheep. To date, only variants in GDF9 and BMP15, but not their receptors transforming growth factor ß receptor 1 (TGFBR1), bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) and BMPR1B, have been investigated with respect to their roles in human DZ twinning. We screened for rare and novel variants in TGFBR1, BMPR2 and BMPR1B in mothers of dizygotic twins (MODZT) from twin-dense families, and assessed association between genotyped and imputed variants and DZ twinning in another large sample of MODZT. Three novel variants were found: a deep intronic variant in BMPR2, and one intronic and one non-synonymous exonic variant in BMPRB1 which would result in the replacement of glutamine by glutamic acid at amino acid position 294 (p.Gln294Glu). None of these variants were predicted to have major impacts on gene function. However, the p.Gln294Glu variant changes the same amino acid as a sheep BMPR1B functional variant and may have functional consequences. Six BMPR1B variants were marginally associated with DZ twinning in the larger case-control sample, but these were no longer significant once multiple testing was taken into account. Our results suggest that variation in the TGF9 signaling pathway type II receptors has limited effects on DZ twinning rates in humans.
The Heritability of Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors: Jahanfar Shayesteh , Lye Munn-Sann , Krishnarajah Isthrinayagy S.
Published: February 2012

We aimed to determine (1) the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome in a sample of twins and (2) the relative contribution of genes and environment in premenstrual syndrome. A group of 193 subjects inclusive of same gender twins (n = 176) and females from opposite sex twin sets (n = 17) entered the study. Heritability analysis used same gender twin data only. The probandwise concordance rate for the presence or absence of premenstrual syndrome was calculated and the heritability of premenstrual syndrome was assessed by a quantitative genetic model fitting approach using MX software. The prevalence of premenstrual syndrome was 43.0% and 46.8% in monozygotic and dizygotic twins, respectively. The probandwise concordance for premenstrual syndrome was higher in monozygotic (0.81) than in dizygotic twins (0.67), indicating a strong genetic effect. Quantitative genetic modeling found that a model comprising of additive genetic (A) and unique environment (E) factors provided the best fit (A: 95%, E: 5%). No association was found between premenstrual symptom and the following variables: belonging to the opposite gender twin set, birth weight, being breast fed and vaccination. These results established a clear genetic influence in premenstrual syndrome.
Genetic and Environmental Sex Differences in Mental Rotation Ability: A Japanese Twin Study
Authors: Suzuki Kunitake , Shikishima Chizuru , Ando Juko
Published: February 2012

Sex differences in mental rotation ability have been observed in many countries. A previous study of Finnish participants reported that genetic and environmental influences on mental rotation ability differ between sexes. In this study, we assessed genetic and environmental influences on variance in mental rotation ability in 649 Japanese twins using a mental rotation test. To explain the influence of sex on variance in mental rotation ability, we applied genetic analysis using the sex limitation model. The following two factors explained variance in mental rotation ability: (1) the additive genetic factor, which reflects the accumulated small influence of many genes, and (2) the unique environmental factor, which is a type of environmental factor that differs between co-twins. The shared environmental factor, a type of environmental factor common for co-twins, could not explain the variance in mental rotation ability. Furthermore, the additive genetic factor was the same between sexes (i.e., not qualitative sex differences for the additive genetic factor), indicating that the same genes affect mental rotation ability in both sexes. Despite this observation, the additive genetic influence was greater in males than in females. In contrast, the unique environmental influence was not different between sexes. Considering the current results and those of a previous study, the quantitative sex difference for the additive genetic influences in mental rotation ability may be universal, while the unique environmental differences may depend on the characteristics of specific populations.
Early Anti-Angiogenic Proteins Expression in Amniotic Fluid of Twin Fetuses
Authors: Wang Chao-Nin , Chen Jannie Ying-Syuan , Chao An-Shine , Cheng Po-Jen , Chang Shuenn-Dyh , Wang Tzu-Hao
Published: February 2012

Multiple pregnancies are thought to be associated with a high incidence of perinatal complications such as preterm labor, preeclampsia and low birth weight. But the true mechanisms of these obstetric complications are still uncertain. The components of amniotic fluid reflect the pathophysiology features of the fetus. Amniotic fluid soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1(sFLT1), soluble endoglin (sENG), and adiponectin reflect the oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory status and are associated with preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. We prospectively collected amniotic fluids during amniocentesis from singleton and twin pregnancies. Samples were analyzed for levels of sFLT1, sENG, and adiponectin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of sENG and sFLT1 were significantly increased in twin pregnancies. Adiponectin was not significantly different between the two groups. These findings would suggest that twin fetuses suffer from more oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory status from the early trimesters.
Is Growth-Discordance in Twins a Substantial Risk Factor in Adverse Neonatal Outcomes?
Authors: Frezza Simonetta , Gallini Francesca , Puopolo Maria , Carolis Maria P. De , D'Andrea Vito , Guidone Paola I. , Luciano Rita , Zuppa Antonio A. , Romagnoli Costantino
Published: February 2012

To evaluate whether growth discordance is an independent risk factor in the neonatal outcome of the smaller twin, all medical records of twin pregnancies delivered between 26 and 41 weeks during a 5-year period (January 2004–December 2008) were reviewed. Among the 49 selected twins, weight discordance was 15–20% in 7 infants, 21–30% in 16 infants, 31–40% in 16 infants and > 40% in 10 infants. No significant differences between the four groups were found with regards to obstetric complications and neonatal disease. Occurrence of birthweight below the 10th percentile and rate of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit significantly increased as intra-pair birthweight difference increased (p = .03). The > 40% discordant group had a significantly lower gestational age (p = .03), lower birthweight (p = .007) and a significantly higher mortality rate (4/10 versus 3/39 p = .04) in comparison with the other discordant groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that birthweight was the single independent and consistent factor associated with elevated risks of mortality. For every 250 g increase in birthweight, the risk for mortality decreased by about 84% [RR 0.16(CI 0.00-0.70)]. Gestational age was the most reliable predictor for major neonatal complications. For every 1-week increase in gestational age a significant decreased risk for all outcomes was found. Discordance alone should not be considered as a predictor for adverse neonatal outcome. Neonatal outcome in discordant twins appears to be related to gestational age and birthweight rather than to the degree of discordance.
“Walking along beside the Researcher”: How Canadian REBs/IRBs are Responding to the Needs of Community-Based Participatory Research
Authors: Guta Adrian , Nixon Stephanie , Gahagan Jacquie , Fielden Sarah
Published: February 2012

Research ethics boards and institutional review boards (REBs/IRBs) have been criticized for relying on conceptions of research that privilege biomedical, clinical, and experimental designs, and for penalizing research that deviates from this model. Studies that use a community-based participatory research (CBPR) design have been identified as particularly challenging to navigate through existing ethics review frameworks. However, the voices of REB/IRB members and staff have been largely absent in this debate. The objective of this article is to explore the perspectives of members of Canadian university-based REBs/IRBs regarding their capacity to review CBPR protocols. We present findings from interviews with 24 Canadian REB/IRB members, staff, and other key informants. Participants were asked to describe and contrast their experiences reviewing studies using CBPR and mainstream approaches. Contrary to the perception that REBs/IRBs are inflexible and unresponsive, participants described their attempts to dialogue and negotiate with researchers and to provide guidance. Overall, these Canadian REBs/IRBs demonstrated a more complex understanding of CBPR than is typically characterized in the literature. Finally, we situate our findings within literature on relational ethics and explore the possibility of researchers and REBs/IRBs working collaboratively to find solutions to unique ethical tensions in CBPR.
Science, Politics, and Identity in Northern Research Ethics Licensing
Authors: Van Den Scott Lisa-Jo K.
Published: February 2012

The nunavut research institute (NRI) is the ethics board that licenses all research conducted in Nunavut, Canada. The NRI is a gate-keeping institution that mediates the interaction of Inuit knowledge systems (presented as experientially based and orally communicated) and researchers (perceived as practicing harsh rationality communicated through inscription). The NRI works to discipline Southern ways of knowing into something more culturally appropriate for the Inuit, but at the same time also disciplines Inuit ways of knowing, creating a paradox even as the Inuit struggle to protect their cultural identity, which has been subject to a history of judgment and cultural appropriation. This article identifies three effects of this paradox on the NRI; the NRI takes on, first, a rigorousness in licensing; second, an emphasis on maximizing benefits to the community; and third, the role of defender of local knowledge.
Tailoring Information Provision and Consent Processes to Research Contexts: The Value of Rapid Assessments
Authors: Bull Susan , Farsides Bobbie , Ayele Fasil Tekola
Published: February 2012

Guidance requires that consent processes for research be appropriately tailored to their cultural context. This paper discusses the use of rapid assessments to identify cultural and ethical issues arising when explaining research in studies in The Gambia and Ethiopia. The assessments provided insights into appropriate ways of providing information to minimize the risk of stigmatizing vulnerable research populations; research participants' views about the most important information to provide about research and their understandings of research; and perceived constraints upon reaching voluntary decisions about participation. These insights demonstrate that rapid assessments are a relatively quick and inexpensive intervention that can provide valuable information to assist in the tailoring of information provision and consent processes to research context while maintaining and enhancing participants' fundamental protections.
Incidental Findings in Neuroimaging Research: A Framework for Anticipating the Next Frontier
Authors: Scott Nadia A. , Murphy Timothy H. , Illes Judy
Published: February 2012

While strategies for handling unusual and possibly clinically significant anatomical findings on brain scans of research volunteers have been developed and implemented across neuroimaging laboratories worldwide, few concrete steps have been taken to consider the next frontier: Functional anomalies. Drawing on the genetics literature, early work in neuroimaging considered actionability to be a driving force for determining if and when findings should be disclosed to individuals in whom they are detected, as inherent uncertainty raises potential ethical dilemmas of misdiagnosing and mislabelling people as patients. Here we consider the possibility of incidental findings in brain function during the resting state. Our approach does not anchor the resting state as the sine qua non of functional incidental findings, but as a path to thinking about where they may emerge in the future and how our professional communities need to think about thinking about them. We suggest that considering the issues proactively today, within a framework that is maximally flexible and open to modification, is better than responding reactively after the fact and with no framework at all. We argue that there is a duty to consider possible incidental findings despite the ambiguities of data interpretation, while working hard to prevent unnecessary alarm.
Considerations in the Construction of an Instrument to Assess Attitudes Regarding Critical Illness Gene Variation Research
Authors: Freeman Bradley D. , Kennedy Carie R. , Bolcic-Jankovic Dragana , Eastman Alexander , Iverson Ellen , Shehane Erica , Celious Aaron , Barillas Jennifer , Clarridge Brian
Published: February 2012

Clinical studies conducted in intensive care units are associated with logistical and ethical challenges. Diseases investigated are precipitous and life-threatening, care is highly technological, and patients are often incapacitated and decision-making is provided by surrogates. These investigations increasingly involve collection of genetic data. The manner in which the exigencies of critical illness impact attitudes regarding genetic data collection is unstudied. Given interest in understanding stakeholder preferences as a foundation for the ethical conduct of research, filling this knowledge gap is timely. The conduct of opinion research in the critical care arena is novel. This brief report describes the development of parallel patient/surrogate decision-maker quantitative survey instruments for use in this environment. Future research employing this instrument or a variant of it with diverse populations promises to inform research practices in critical illness gene variation research.
Analysis of the Status of Subject Recruitment in Clinical Trials in Shandong, China
Authors: Wang Bailu , Cao Yongfu , Li Chaowu , Wei Shujian , Chen Xiaoyang
Published: February 2012

Although subject recruitment for clinical trials in Shandong has been carried out with an awareness of international regulatory and ethical frameworks, there have been some defects in the recruitment process. The objective of this study is to analyze the current status of subject recruitment in Shandong. We conducted a survey among 198 principal investigators (PIs) and 543 subjects. The results were summarized and calculated as a percentage according to the responses to each question by PIs and subjects. This survey indicated that the ethics committee should strengthen the review of subject recruitment and enhance ethics training among board members. PIs should seek to improve the recruitment process.
“We Are Spirits of Another Sort”
Authors: Laycock Joseph P.
Published: February 2012

Otherkin are individuals who identify as “not entirely human.” Scholarship has framed this identity claim as religious because it is frequently supported by a framework of metaphysical beliefs. This article draws on survey data and interviews with Otherkin in order to provide a more thorough treatment of the phenomenon and to assess and qualify the movement's religious dimensions. It is argued that, in addition to having a substantively religious quality, the Otherkin community serves existential and social functions commonly associated with religion. In the final analysis, the Otherkin community is regarded as an alternative nomos—a socially constructed worldview—that sustains alternate ontologies.
The influence of boron doping in the growth of ultra/nanocrystalline diamond films
Authors: Souza Fernando A. , Azevedo Adriana F. , Baldan Maurício R. , Ferreira Neidenêi G.
Published: February 2012

Boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond (BDND) films were grown on silicon substrates by hot filament chemical vapor deposition in Ar/H2/CH4 gas mixtures. The boron source was obtained from an additional H2 line passing through a bubbler containing B2O3 dissolved in methanol with different B/C ratios. The transition from ultrananocrystalline to nanocrystalline diamond films is clearly shown by the addition of boron dopant to the growth gas mixture. The morphology and structure of these films have markedly different properties. The top view and the cross section of the films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy showing the transition from ultrananocrystalline growth (renucleation process) to a columnar structure of NCD films. Finally, the grain size was obtained from X-ray diffraction patterns of the films. The diamond average grain size increased from 10 to 35 nm for films with 2000 and 30,000 ppm B/C, respectively.
Properties of MOCVD-Grown GaN:Gd Films for Spintronic Devices
Authors: Melton Andrew G. , Liu ZhiQiang , Kucukgok Bahadir , Lu Na , Ferguson Ian
Published: February 2012

The mechanism leading to RT ferromagnetism in Gd-doped GaN is not agreed upon, despite many experimental and theoretical reports. Oxygen impurities have been proposed as a possible contributor to ferromagnetic behavior in GaN:Gd films. In this report, GaN:Gd thin films grown by MOCVD using two different metalorganic Gd precursors are examined. The two precursors are (TMHD)3Gd, which contains oxygen, and Cp3Gd, which does not. The films have been characterized by XRD, VSM, and EDS. EDS measurements indicate that the TMHD3Gd samples contain oxygen, while the Cp3Gd samples do not, and VSM scans show that the TMHD3Gd samples exhibit much higher magnetic moments than the Cp3Gd samples, supporting the theory that oxygen enhances the ferromagnetic behavior of GaN:Gd.
Three-Step Deposition Method for Improvement of the Dielectric Properties of BST Thin Films
Authors: Liu H. , Avrutin V. , Zhu C. , Leach J.H. , Rowe E. , Zhou L. , Smith D. , Özgür Ü. , Morkoç H.
Published: February 2012

Epitaixal Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) thin films were grown on SrTiO3 (STO) and DyScO3 substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering system using three-step method which involves a relatively low-temperature (573-773 K) growth of a BST interlayer sandwiched between two BST layers deposited at a high substrate temperature of 1068 K. X-ray diffraction measurement showed different strains on the films with interlayers grown at different temperatures. Post-growth thermal treatment reduced film strain to a great extent (the film strain of a tri-layer film with a 773 K grown interlayer is only -0.001). Comparing with the control films grown at high temperature, three-step technique improved the dielectric properties, especially increased dielectric constant by 60% for BST/STO and 31% for BST/DyScO3, respectively. High dielectric constant of 1631.4 and its tuning of 36.7% were achieved on the BST/STO with an interlayer grown on 773 K.
Annealing Temperature and Substrate Effects on the Raman Spectra of Transferred CVD Graphene
Authors: Nichols Barbara M. , Doleyres Yasmine R. , Meissner Gregory P.
Published: February 2012

This work explores the influence of the post-transfer anneal temperature and the substrate on transferred graphene and its Raman properties. Graphene grown by low pressure chemical vapor deposition on copper foils was transferred to SiO2/Si, fused silica, and silicon substrates via a process that involves coating the graphene with PMMA as a protective handling layer during the wet chemical etching of the copper and then placing the PMMA/graphene onto the substrate. The PMMA layer was then removed by heating in a hydrogen/argon atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 350 to 550 °C or by exposing the PMMA to heated acetone vapor/liquid. Raman spectroscopy measurements, taken before and after PMMA removal, reveal differences in the prominent Raman features, the G and G’ peaks, upon annealing. These changes include (1) a shift in the average G and G’ peak positions when comparing Raman spectra before and after PMMA removal and (2) a decrease in the G’:G peak intensity ratio (IG’/IG), which is typically used as a measure of the number of graphene layers. For both the as-transferred graphene and graphene removed by the heated acetone, the IG’/IG peak ratio was approximately 2, indicating single layer graphene. However, when the graphene was annealed at temperatures above 350 °C, the IG’/IG intensity ratio varied from 0.5 to 1.5. These changes in the Raman spectra are similar to those observed in exfoliated single layer graphene supported on SiO2/Si substrates and are indicative of graphene-substrate interaction effects that lead to hole doping of the graphene [1,2]. These trends were observed for graphene transferred to all three substrates, regardless of the substrate surface roughness and/or composition.
Spectroscopic Mapping Ellipsometry of Graphene Grown on 3C SiC
Authors: Boosalis Alexander , Hofmann Tino , Darakchieva Vanya , Yakimova Rositza , Tiwald Tom , Schubert Mathias
Published: February 2012

Spectroscopic mapping ellipsometry measurements in the visible spectrum (1.25 to 5.35 eV) are performed to determine the lateral variations of epitaxial graphene properties as grown on 3C SiC. Data taken in the visible spectrum is sensitive to both the Drude absorption of free charge carriers and the characteristic exciton enhanced van Hove singularity at 5 eV. Subsequent analysis with simple oscillator models allows the determination of physical parameters such as free charge carrier scattering time and local graphene thickness with a lateral resolution of 50 microns.
Doação de órgãos e bioética: construindo uma interface
Authors: Almeida Kely Cristina de , Tipple Anaclara F. V. , Bachion Maria Márcia , Leite Giulena Rosa , Medeiros Marcelo
Published: February 2012

Este estudo objetivou identificar a atitude de graduandos de Enfermagem acerca da doação de órgãos e o conhecimento dos mesmos sobre a legislação específica em vigor. Acadêmicos do último ano de Enfermagem de duas universidades de Goiânia (GO) participaram do estudo, 45 alunos responderam um questionário. Para análise foram utilizados um modelo de análise de conteúdo e os princípios da bioética. "Manutenção da vida" indica disposição dos sujeitos para doar órgãos e ajudar o próximo a manter-se vivo. A "Não confiabilidade" nos profissionais de saúde responsáveis pela retirada de órgãos está associada ao sentimento de grande vulnerabilidade. Há "Desinformação" acerca da legislação em vigor. Concluímos que a doação de órgãos entre os sujeitos não pode ser configurada como uma ação autônoma.
Idealização e realidade no trabalho da enfermeira em unidades especializadas
Authors: Gustavo Andréia da Silva , Lima Maria Alice Dias da Silva
Published: February 2012

O estudo buscou conhecer a concepção de enfermeiras sobre as atividades que desenvolvem no processo de trabalho em setores especializados, no modelo clínico de atenção à saúde. Através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, constatou-se que as atividades modificam-se conforme a complexidade do cuidado. A enfermeira possui liberdade de ação, construída na relação de interdependência com os profissionais de saúde. Identificou-se o papel articulador da enfermeira em relação ao trabalho do médico e, também, aos demais serviços da instituição. Confirma-se que cuidar e gerenciar são dimensões do trabalho da enfermeira, que se modificam conforme a especificidade das atividades em diferentes unidades especializadas.
Qualidade de vida em pacientes coronariopatas
Authors: Gallani Maria Cecília Bueno Jayme , Colombo Roberta Cunha Rodrigues , Alexandre Neusa Maria Costa , Bressan-Biajone Ana Maria
Published: February 2012

Este estudo comparou as medidas de qualidade de vida (QV) entre 49 sujeitos com infarto do miocárdio (IM) e 27 com angina pectoris (AP), atendidos em ambulatório em um hospital universitário. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de um questionário para levantamento de dados sociodemográficos e clínicos e do instrumento SF-36 para avaliação da QV. Constatou-se, em ambos os grupos, comprometimento da QV nas dimensões: aspectos físicos, dor, estado geral de saúde, vitalidade, aspectos sociais e saúde mental. Variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas foram associadas com menores escores de QV em diferentes dimensões. Estudos futuros devem ser conduzidos, visando a ampliação do tamanho da amostra, e a compreensão da magnitude do efeito destas variáveis sobre a QV do coronariopata.
Violência e mortes por causas externas
Authors: Vieira Graciete Oliveira , Assis Marluce Maria Araújo , Nascimento Maria Angela Alves do , Vieira Tatiana de Oliveira , Vieira-Santana Netto Pedro
Published: February 2012

Através de um estudo ecológico caracterizou-se a violência e as mortes por causas externas em Salvador e Bahia utilizando-se dados da Fundação Nacional de Saúde-Ministério da Saúde, dos registros de mortalidade e das estimativas populacionais do IBGE. O risco de morrer por homicídio no Brasil é 3 vezes o do Estados Unidos, chegando a ser 40 vezes superior ao do Japão. Homicídio foi a primeira causa de anos potenciais de vidas perdidos (13,4%) no Brasil (1997), seguido por acidentes de trânsito (10,6%). Causas externas foi a segunda causa de morte em Salvador e Bahia (1996). A violência tem raízes sócio-culturais e político-ideológicas e pode ser prevenida por ações intersetoriais e multidisciplinares.
Métodos de avaliação de resultados da assistência de enfermagem
Authors: Adami Nilce Piva , Yoshitome Aparecida Y.
Published: February 2012

Este trabalho, de revisão bibliográfica, visou abordar questões relacionadas aos aspectos teóricos e metodológicos de avaliação de resultados dos cuidados de enfermagem. O enfoque do tema abrangeu o componente resultados, as classificações de enfermagem que visam mensurar resultados e os principais métodos e estratégias adotados para avaliação de resultados dos cuidados de enfermagem prestados aos usuários dos serviços de saúde.
O Sistema Único de Saúde na representação social de usuários: uma análise de sua estrutura
Authors: Gomes Antonio Marcos Tosoli , Oliveira Denize Cristina de , Sá Celso Pereira de
Published: February 2012

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a estrutura representacional de um grupo de usuários do SUS na cidade do Rio de Janeiro acerca do próprio sistema. De caráter qualitativo, foi desenvolvido com o suporte da teoria do núcleo central das representações sociais, com 104 usuários de cinco instituições de saúde. Os dados foram coletados através de evocações livres ao termo indutor SUS e analisados pelo software EVOC 2000. A estrutura da representação revelou quatro dimensões, a conceitual, a avaliativa, a espacial e a de finalidade, que apresentaram, respectivamente, os seguintes léxicos em seu núcleo central: saúde, bem atendido, hospital e atendimento. Observam-se elementos de contraste negativos em meio à representação positiva do sistema e a presença de todas as dimensões na periferia, com predomínio da dimensão finalidade. Conclui-se que o sistema apresenta-se de forma pragmática para os sujeitos e que a concretização de sua implementação ainda se faz necessária.
Qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem em terapia intensiva: avaliação por meio de auditoria operacional
Authors: Padilha Elaine Fátima , Matsuda Laura Misue
Published: February 2012

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade do cuidado de enfermagem de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva para Adultos. Os dados de cinquenta clientes com mais de três dias de internação foram coletados por meio da observação, do exame físico e da análise do prontuário do paciente, utilizando-se um Roteiro de Auditoria Operacional. Os cuidados considerados de qualidade foram os que obtiveram percentual de respostas positivas ≥ 70%, como aqueles relacionados à Segurança Física (71%) e Utilização de Equipamentos (72%). A Atividade Física (28%) e Oxigenação/Ventilação (29%) foram os cuidados com percentuais mais baixos de respostas positivas. Conclui-se que há urgência em se executar ações de educação continuada no serviço investigado, porque a maioria dos itens e subitens de cuidados não foi considerada de qualidade.
Unidade teórico-prática na práxis de um currículo integrado: percepção de docentes de Enfermagem na saúde da criança e do adolescente
Authors: Leite Maisa Tavares de Souza , Ohara Conceição Vieira da Silva , Kakehashi Tereza Yoshiko , Ribeiro Circéa Amália
Published: February 2012

Este estudo objetivou compreender a percepção de docentes de um currículo integrado sobre a relação teoria-prática vivenciada no ensino de Enfermagem na área da saúde da criança e do adolescente no. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva, ancorada nos referenciais teóricos de Vázquez, Freire e Bakhtin. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista não estruturada. A análise do discurso desvelou as categorias: o ensino de enfermagem sob o foco da interdisciplinaridade; o ensino do cuidado à criança contextualizado na saúde da família, em diferentes cenários da prática assistencial; a práxis docente engendrando um movimento dialético da unidade teoria-prática. Sinalizam-se perspectivas para o ensino de Enfermagem, com vistas a subsidiar a prática pedagógica, e repensar as estratégias adotadas em relação à integração teoria-prática nos projetos pedagógicos.
Literatura brasileira sobre o trabalho de enfermagem fundamentada em categorias marxianas
Authors: Mandú Edir Nei Teixeira , Peduzzi Marina , Carvalho Brígida Gimenez , Silva Ana Maria Nunes da
Published: February 2012

Analisa-se a produção científica sobre trabalho de enfermagem baseada em categorias marxianas, com o objetivo de conhecer suas contribuições e tendências. O estudo é uma revisão quanti-qualitativa de 97 artigos nacionais de 1981-2008, indexados na LILACS. Abordam-se os eixos: número e distribuição periódica; temáticas; abordagem conceitual e metodológica. Identificam-se: ampliação da literatura em questão, sobretudo a partir dos anos 2000; abordagem crescente dos sujeitos, de suas percepções e interação social; incorporação recente do debate sobre cuidado e gerenciamento do cuidado de enfermagem; predomínio de pesquisas qualitativas e, a partir dos anos 1990, incorporação de conceitos de outras vertentes teóricas articuladas a categorias marxianas. Evidencia-se a busca de compreensão dos movimentos, das contradições e dos dilemas da enfermagem como prática social.
Pesquisas com famílias de portadores de transtorno mental
Authors: Galera Sueli Aparecida Frari , Zanetti Ana Carolina Guidorizzi , Ferreira Gabriela Cristina da Silva , Giacon Bianca Cristina Ciccone , Cardoso Lucilene
Published: February 2012

A finalidade deste trabalho é apresentar uma reflexão crítica sobre os conhecimentos produzidos acerca dos temas: o impacto do transtorno mental na família, o impacto do ambiente familiar na evolução dos transtornos e a experiência da família com o adoecimento mental. As medidas de sobrecarga e de emoção expressa são úteis para orientar políticas públicas e a prática profissional, porém não nos dão um quadro multidimensional da experiência do cuidado. Pesquisas sobre a experiência familiar contribuem para a compreensão do sofrimento presente nesta experiência e das formas de enfrentamento adotadas pelas famílias, contribuindo também para percebermos as diferenças dos contextos culturais no enfrentamento das famílias.
Teatro de fantoche como estratégia de ensino: relato da vivência
Authors: Rampaso Débora Alves de Lima , Doria Maria Aparecida Gonçalves , Oliveira Maria Cláudia Martins de , Silva Gilberto Tadeu Reis da
Published: February 2012

No quinto semestre do curso de graduação em enfermagem é desenvolvida a disciplina de Didática Aplicada ao Cuidado. Esta disciplina desenvolve vários conteúdos teórico-práticos, dentre eles o de estratégias de ensino. Diante deste tema e do projeto político pedagógico do curso, propusemos uma articulação interdisciplinar, e optamos por relatar nossa vivência com o teatro de fantoches na promoção à saúde bucal de crianças de uma creche na Zona Leste de São Paulo. Com esse relato, evidenciamos que os conteúdos teóricos desenvolvidos na Disciplina de Didática Aplicada ao Cuidado são fundamentais para a prática da Educação em Saúde.
Long-term following-up of viability of spleen autotransplants in the Beagle canine model
Authors: Sajtos Erika , Balint Anita , Brath Endre , Nemeth Norbert , Peto Katalin , Kovacs Judit , Galuska Laszlo , Varga Jozsef , Fodor Zoltan , Furka Istvan , Miko Iren
Published: February 2012

PURPOSE: To examine the possible late complications of splenectomy or spleen autotransplantation in large laboratory animal model, in which we need non-invasive or minimal-invasive methods for long-term monitoring of the experimental animals. METHODS: Experimental groups of beagle dogs were: non-operated control, sham-operated control, splenectomy, spleen autotransplantation with 5 or 10 spleen-chips taken into the greater omentum (Furka's technique). Prior to operations, on the 1st postoperative week, monthly till the 6th as well as in the 9th and 12th month, hemorheological examinations were performed. In postoperative 12th month colloid scintigraphy and diagnostic laparoscopy were carried out. At the end of the investigation comparative morphological examinations were performed, too. RESULTS: From the 4th-5th postoperative month filtration function of spleen-autotransplants showed particular restoration compared to splenectomy group. However, the functional results did not reach the values of the control or sham-operated groups. Sham-operated control's scintigraphy nicely showed activity in the spleen. In spleen autotransplantation-groups scintigraphy indicated well the activity of spleen-chips. During diagnostic laparoscopy spleen-chips with their blood supply were found. Histologically, the structure of spleenautotransplants was similar to normal splenic tissue. CONCLUSIONS: The autotransplants are regenerated, their functions have been partly restored, and thus spleen autotransplantation may prevent the possible complications of splenectomy. These parameters and the presented investigative protocol are suitable for long-term following-up of viability of the spleen-autotransplants.
Effects of controlled and pressure support mechanical ventilation on rat diaphragm muscle
Authors: Oliveira André de Sá Braga , Costa Lívia Bandeira , Assis Thiago de Oliveira , Mota Diógenes Luís da , França Eduardo Ériko Tenório de , Araújo Filho José Cândido de , Rosas Silvania Tavares Paz , Medeiros Paloma Lys de
Published: February 2012

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of Pressure Controlled Ventilation mode (PCV-C) and PSV mode in diaphragm muscle of rats. METHODS: Wistar rats (n=18) were randomly assigned to the control group or to receive 6 hours of PCV and PSV. After this period, animals were euthanized and their diaphragms were excised, frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in at -80º C for further histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: Results showed a 15% decrease in cross-sectional area of muscle fibers on the PCV-C group when compared to the control group (p<0.001) and by 10% when compared to the PSV group (p<0.05). Minor diameter was decreased in PCV-C group by 9% when compared with the control group (p<0.001) and by 6% when compared to the PSV group (p<0.05). When myonuclear area was analyzed, a 16% decrease was observed in the PCV-C group when compared to the PSV group (p<0.05). No significant difference between the groups was observed in myonuclear perimeter (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Short-term controlled mechanical ventilation seems to lead to muscular atrophy in diaphragm fibers. The PSV mode may attenuate the effects of VIDD.
Diclofenac sodium and Imipenem action on rat intestinal mucosa: a biomechanical and histological study
Authors: Gonçalves Junior Irio , Naresse Luiz Eduardo , Rodrigues Maria Aparecida Marchesan , Kobayasi Shoiti
Published: February 2012

PURPOSE: To study diclofenac sodium induced histological and mechanical alterations and their prevention with Imipenem in rat intestine. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n=240) were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: GI: n=60 treated with 0.9% saline IM; GII: n=60 treated with 6mg/kg body weight diclofenac sodium IM for four days; GIII: n=60 treated with 30mg/kg body weight Imipenem IM for four days, and GIV n=60 treated with diclofenac sodium plus Imipenem at the above doses IM for 4 days. Each group was further divided into 4 subgroups of 15 rats each and sacrificed at 4, 7, 14, and 21 days of follow-up, respectively. Abdominal cavity macroscopy and histology, and small bowel breaking strength were analyzed at each sacrifice moment. RESULTS: There were no histological or mechanical alterations in normal control rats throughout the study. Ulcerated lesions in intestinal mucosa were observed and breaking strength decreased in all diclofenac sodium treated rats. Ulcerated lesions in intestinal mucosa were prevented by Imipenem in all rats. CONCLUSION: Diclofenac sodium induced ulcerated lesions in rat intestinal mucosa can be prevented by Imipenem treatment.
Association of midazolam with ketamine in giant Amazon river turtles Podocnemis expansa breed in captivity
Authors: Alves-Júnior José Roberto Ferreira , Bosso Andréa Cristina Scarpa , Andrade Mariana Batista , Werther Karin , Santos André Luiz Quagliatto
Published: February 2012

PURPOSE: Evaluate the effects of two anesthetic associations in giant Amazon river turtles (P. expansa). METHODS: Twenty P. expansa, healthy, of both sexes, with weights between 1.0 and 1.5 kg of a commercial breeding facility located in the valley of the Araguaia River, Goiás, Brazil, were divided into two groups ( G1 n = 10 and G2 n = 10). Each group received a protocol being: P1 = midazolam (2 mg/kg IM) and ketamine (20 mg/kg IM) and P2 = midazolam (2 mg/kg IM) and ketamine (60 mg/kg IM), applied on G1 and G2, respectively. The drugs were applied in the left forelimb. The clinical parameters evaluated were: locomotion, muscle relaxation, response to pain stimuli in the right thoracic and pelvic members and heart rate. These assessments were made at time 0 (immediately after injection) and times of 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after the injections. RESULTS: Group 2 showed a higher heart rate than G1 and more rapid and prolonged immobilization. CONCLUSION: The sedation scores obtained by these protocols (P1 and P2) were satisfactory, with possible pharmacological contention for collecting biological samples and physical examination in P. expansa.
The effects of different doses of 670 nm diode laser on skin flap survival in rats
Authors: Baldan Cristiano Schiavinato , Marques Amélia Pasqual , Schiavinato Alessandra Maria , Casarotto Raquel Aparecida
Published: February 2012

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of different low-level laser therapy (LLLT) doses on random skin flap rats. METHODS: Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided in four groups. The control group (CG) was not irradiated. The experimental groups were irradiated with a diode laser 670 nm with different energies per point: group 2 (G2) with 0.06 J; group 3 (G3) 0.15 J and group 4 (G4) 0.57 J. The three groups were irradiated in 12 equally distributed points in the cranial skin flap portion. They were submitted to the irradiation during the immediate, first and second postoperative days. The necrosis area was evaluated in the seventh postoperative day. RESULTS: The CG shows 49.35% of necrosis area in the skin flap; G2, 39.14%; G3, 47.01% and G4, 29.17% respectively. There was a significantly difference when G4 was compared with CG`s skin flap necrosis area. CONCLUSION: The low-level laser therapy diode 670 nm with 0.57 J energy per point increases the survival in randomic skin flap rats.
Changes in morphology of long bone marrow tissue of rats submitted to cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen
Authors: Costa Fábio Wildson Gurgel , Pessoa Rosana Maria Andrade , Nogueira Carlos Bruno Pinheiro , Pereira Karuza Maria Alves , Brito Gerly Anne de Castro , Soares Eduardo Costa Studart
Published: February 2012

PURPOSE: To study the main effects of local use of liquid nitrogen on bone marrow tissue in rats. METHODS: The femoral diaphyses of 42 Wistar rats were exposed to three local and sequential applications of liquid nitrogen for one or two minutes, intercalated with periods of five minutes of passive thawing. The animals were sacrificed after one, two, four and 12 weeks and the specimens obtained were analyzed histomorphologically. RESULTS: In the second experimental week of one-minute protocol, histological degree of inflammation obtained a mean score of one (mild), ranging from 0 (absent or scarce) and two (moderate) (Kruskal-Wallis test p=0.01). In the second experimental week of two-minute protocol, degree of inflammation to the medullar tissue obtained an average score of two (Kruskal-Wallis test p=0.01). CONCLUSION: The degree of inflammation of the bone marrow tissue was higher in protocol of three applications of two minutes compared to protocol of three applications of one minute.
Teleortodontia: ferramenta de auxílio à prática clínica e à educação continuada
Authors: Costa André Luciano Pasinato da , Silva Alcion Alves , Pereira Cléber Bidegain
Published: February 2012

INTRODUÇÃO: a Tecnologia da Informação (TI) está revolucionando os relacionamentos interpessoais. Esse novo contexto tornou possível exercer à distância as profissões da área da saúde, um conceito denominado telessaúde. A essência dessa área é a oferta, à distância, de serviços e informação sobre saúde. Nesse contexto, a Ortodontia como especialidade não pode ficar alheia a esses avanços. OBJETIVO: esse artigo se propôs a investigar - através de revisão não sistemática da literatura - quais dentre as tecnologias disponíveis são passíveis de ser utilizadas no desenvolvimento de serviços de teleortodontia, como ferramentas de auxílio à prática clínica e à educação continuada. O uso de tecnologias já acessíveis no mercado pode viabilizar os serviços de teleortodontia no país. Apesar desse artigo ter analisado as condições técnicas e as tecnologias relacionadas ao objeto de estudo, concentra-se no campo das questões éticas/morais, legais e econômicas do processo.
Avaliação cefalométrica dos resultados do aparelho de protração mandibular (APM) associado ao aparelho fixo em relação às estruturas dentoalveolares e tegumentares em pacientes portadores de má oclusão de Classe II, 1ª divisão
Authors: Diógenes Alexandre Magno de Negreiros , Matoso Rildo Medeiros , Araújo Emmanuelle Medeiros de , Lima Kenio Costa , Sousa Raniere Luiz dos Santos
Published: February 2012

OBJETIVO: avaliar cefalometricamente as alterações tegumentares e dentoalveolares em jovens brasileiros portadores de má oclusão de Classe II, 1ª divisão, tratados com APM associado à Ortodontia corretiva fixa. MÉTODOS: a amostra consistiu-se de 28 pacientes (16 do sexo feminino e 12 do sexo masculino), com idade média de 13,06 anos, tratados por um período médio de 14,43 meses. As alterações foram medidas em 56 cefalogramas específicos, obtidos das telerradiografias laterais feitas antes e após o tratamento, por dois examinadores calibrados para identificar as alterações tegumentares e dentoalveolares, utilizando-se grandezas cefalométricas lineares e angulares. As variáveis independentes (sexo, idade, padrão facial, tipo de APM, arco, técnica e tempo de tratamento) foram consideradas e analisadas com as grandezas cefalométricas lineares e angulares. As respostas ao tratamento foram analisadas e comparadas pelos testes Wilcoxon Signed Ranks e Mann-Whitney para um nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: os resultados mostraram mudanças dentoalveolares de grande magnitude, provocando, assim, mudanças favoráveis no tecido mole. Observou-se, ainda, que as variáveis idade, tipo de APM e técnica utilizada influenciaram no tratamento. CONCLUSÕES: o APM mostrou-se uma alternativa eficaz para o tratamento da má oclusão de Classe II, 1ª divisão, propiciando alterações dentoalveolares e tegumentares com resultados clínicos satisfatórios.