bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chinese medical short text classification model based on DPECNN
Authors: Li Chen , Liu Na , Xu Zhenshun , Zheng Guofeng , Yang Jie , Dao Lu
Published: April 2024

Medical short text classification is of great significance to medical information extraction and medical auxiliary diagnosis. However, medical short texts face challenges such as sparse features, semantic ambiguity, and the specialized nature of the medical field, resulting in relatively low accuracy in short text classification. Taking into consideration the characteristics of medical short texts, this paper proposes a Chinese medical short text classification model based on DPECNN. First, ERNIE is utilized to learn text knowledge and information in order to enhance the model’s semantic representation capabilities. Then, the DPECNN model is employed to extract rich feature information, and the classification results are generated through a fully connected layer. In the case of DPCNN, it only considers deep-level contextual semantic information, overlooking the correlation of adjacent semantic information between channels. To address this, ECA channel attention is introduced to account for adjacent semantic information. The use of a self-normalizing activation function helps avoid the problem of vanishing gradients. To enhance the model’s robustness and generalization ability, the FGM adversarial training algorithm is employed to perturb the data. The F1 values achieved on the THUCNews, KUAKE-QIC, and CHIP-CTC datasets are 95.00%, 79.45%, and 82.81%, respectively.
Efficiency of a structured squat-based program in knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation
Authors: Genç Hazal , Atılgan Esra
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Squat exercise, in which eccentric and concentric contractions are present simultaneously in different muscle groups, is one of the closed kinetic chain exercises commonly used in knee rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: In the scope of the study, our objective is to determine the effectiveness of a structured squat-based exercise approach in patients with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: In this study, 75 patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to three distinct groups: isoinertial exercise, a combination of home exercise and electrotherapy, and exercise solely. The assessment encompassed the application of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the Time Up and Go test, evaluation of quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength and activation levels, along with pain threshold assessment. The treatment program was administered three days a week over a span of eight weeks and was assessed both prior to and following the intervention. RESULTS: Across all groups, considerable enhancements were noted in the majority of parameters. Particularly noteworthy were the substantial improvements observed in the first group, specifically concerning WOMAC total score (p = 0.001), muscle strength, activation levels (p = 0.001), and pain tolerance (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the group in which we applied isoinertial exercise, a positive increase was observed in most of the parameters.We suggest that isoinertial exercise applications, which are generally encountered in sports fields, should be used in different fields in future studies.
The Current State Of Scientific Support In Investigating Criminal Offenses Involving Illegal Takeover And Seizure Of Enterprises And Their Assets
Authors: Tiulieniev Serhii
Published: April 2024

In order to ensure sustainable development of economy and national security, which includes economic security, it is crucial to create corresponding protection instruments and support the unhindered legitimate operation of economic entities. To prevent infringements upon their rights, such as illegal takeovers and seizures of enterprises, organizations, and institutions of various ownership forms, encroachments on their property, assets, and land plots, it is necessary to ensure appropriate countermeasures against such occurrences, in particular, through criminal and criminal procedural methods. To support activities aimed at countering these phenomena through criminal procedural methods, it is vital to ensure scientific development of relevant aspects associated with such activities. In this context, the Article Purpose is to determine the current state of scientific support for investigating criminal offenses involving the illegal takeover and seizure of enterprises, institutions, organizations, their property, and agricultural land plots. On the basis of generalizing normative provisions of the current criminal legislation, theoretical developments of Ukrainian scientists, the paper outlines scientific development peculiarities of the problematics related to criminal responsibility for offenses associated with takeovers, as well as research and development of the methodology for investigating these offenses.
The Bayesian Range: Simple Methods for Incorporating Bayesian Reasoning into Psychological Research for Psychologists and Psychology Students Unfamiliar with Bayes' Theorem
Authors: Prichard Eric
Published: April 2024

Bayes' theorem is used to calculate posterior probabilities of an event occurring given that a second event occurs. Advanced Bayesian statistics are now commonly used in psychology, but simpler versions can be adopted by social psychologists and psychology students who have little or no prior experience with Bayes’ Theorem using commonly obtained values. Using the post-hoc statistical power of a study, the selected alpha level for determining significance, and a subjective personal probability for the probability that a null hypothesis is false, it is possible to create a version of Bayes’ Theorem that calculates the probability that a null hypothesis is false given the null hypothesis is rejected. Because the subjective personal probability of the null being false is an estimate, the paper recommends that for novel empirical findings, researchers take one of two approaches to incorporating Bayes’ Theorem. The first is to calculate the posterior probability for a range of probabilities that the null is false. The second is to treat a novel finding as though it is unlikely to be true and give the probability that the null is false a low starting probability. With each replication, the posterior probability can be updated. Such a practice would encourage multiple replications of a novel finding before it can be reported with confidence. The emphasis of the paper is on the ready application of Bayes’ Theorem for non-experts in Bayesian statistics who are more comfortable with traditional significance testing.
Scout TB: An AI Robot for the Screening of Tuberculosis Among Prisoners – A Novel Technique
Authors: Ahmed Amr , Akl Maher M.
Published: April 2024

This manuscript details the development and application of Scout TB, an AI-empowered robotic system, specifically designed to enhance tuberculosis (TB) screening processes within prison settings. In regions like India, where TB poses a significant public health challenge, the dense population and constrained healthcare resources in prisons exacerbate the difficulty of effective disease management. Scout TB integrates artificial intelligence and robotic technology to autonomously perform specimen collection, conduct health screenings, and deliver educational health interventions among incarcerated populations. This approach not only aims to improve the accuracy and efficiency of TB detection but also addresses the critical need for cost-effective healthcare solutions in such high-risk environments. By automating routine health inspection tasks, Scout TB reduces the reliance on manual labor, thereby offering potential cost savings and reducing the exposure risk for healthcare workers. The study evaluates Scout TB’s role in advancing prison healthcare through its innovative use of AI and robotics, emphasizing its potential to significantly impact public health outcomes by streamlining TB screening and education in under-resourced settings.
Advancing Understanding of External Forces and Frequency Distortion: Part 1
Authors: Thakur Soumendra Nath
Published: April 2024

The research paper delves into the intricate relationship between external forces, frequency distortion, and time measurement errors, offering insights into relativity theory. It highlights how differences in gravitational potential or relative velocities can impact the behavior of clocks and oscillatory systems. The analysis emphasizes the role of external effects, such as speed or gravitational potential differences, in inducing internal interactions within matter particles, leading to stress and minor changes in material deformation. By considering equations like F = kΔL, which describe changes in length due to external forces, the research elucidates the empirical validity of these equations and their implications for Lorentz transformations. Furthermore, experiments on piezoelectric crystal oscillators demonstrate how waves corresponding to time shifts due to relativistic effects exhibit wavelength distortions, precisely corresponding to time distortion. The discussion also explores how even small changes in gravitational forces (G-force) can induce stress and deformation within matter, causing relevant distortions. Overall, the research provides valuable insights into the interdisciplinary nature of these concepts and their significance in advancing scientific knowledge and technological innovation.
Staunch the Age Related Decline into Dementia, Cancer, Autoimmunity (Long Covid), Obesity, and Other Diseases with a Prebiotic, Probiotic, Postbiotic Triple Play
Authors: Chambers Patrick
Published: April 2024

“All diseases originate in the gut.” Hippocrates (400 BC)

A healthy gut microbiome via the gut-brain-axis elevates heart rate variability (HRV), a general measure of health and well-being. A dysbiotic gut microbiome, low in biodiversity and butyrate producers, can alter tryptophan metabolism (ATM) and increase the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (KTR) with release of proinflammatory cytokines, predominantly TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. These also characterize chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and a multitude of diseases. Also proposed is the gut-lung dysbiosis concept and consequent degradation of ACE2 (richest in lungs and gut). Leaky gut (and lung) induced autoantibodies (AAs) related to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in combination with increased Ang II further potentiate oxidative stress. The underappreciated pathogenic role of these receptors on invading Candida hyphae is explored. The efficacy of fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) in treating dementia, cancer, and autoimmunity supports the plausibility of success with “FMT-lite”. This triple play of prebiotic (d-mannose), probiotic (bifidobacteria and lactobacilli), and postbiotic (butyrate) might improve intestinal barrier integrity, oppose entry of GPCR antigens (epitopes), suppress the inflammatory cytokine triad, balance IFN-γ and TGF-β, suppress oxidative stress, depress KTR, elevate HRV, and extend lifespan and its quality.
Theory of the Leaky Intestine: Sex Differences in Intestinal Parasitic Infections, Cytoskeletal Wall Dysfunctions, and Hypertension
Authors: Njemanze Philip , Amadi Anthonia Chioma , Onuchukwu Joy E. , Darlington Chinwendu C. , Ukeje Nneoma E. , Mezu Clinton O. , Ofoegbu Clara C. , Okuh Chidera , Ukaegbu Chidimma O. , Uzoma Linda O. , Amuchie Marvis , Ojilere Faustina N. , Mbara Lilian C. , Nneke Esther C.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) impact approximately 3.5 billion individuals globally. Protozoan IPIs may influence the intestinal microbiome. This research investigates IPI effects on intestinal wall thickness and their potential links to sex-specific hypertension. It also explores the impact of alterations in intestinal wall permeability on sodium and blood glucose levels. METHODS: The study enrolled 108 subjects, including 83 consecutive patients with confirmed symptomatic IPIs (48 males, 35 females) and 25 healthy volunteers used as controls (9 males, 16 females). B-mode ultrasound grayscale images of the duodenum and colon were taken with and without water contrast. RESULTS: Patients with parasites exhibited a higher BMI (mean = 28.9 ± 7.4) compared to controls (mean = 24.68 ± 7.2), F (1, 96) = 5.78, _p _< 0.05. IPI patients showed a tendency towards increased duodenal wall thickness (DUOTHICK = 0.88 ± 0.7 cm) versus controls (0.6 ± 0.1 cm), _p = _0.05. Additionally, IPI patients had significantly greater thickness in the ascending colon (ASCTHICK = 1.1 ± 0.3 cm) and descending colon (DSCTHICK = 1.2 ± 0.4 cm) compared to controls (ASCTHICK = 0.6 ± 0.2 cm, DSCTHICK = 0.6 ± 0.1 cm), _p _< 0.05. Men over 50 years exhibited greater DSCTHICK (1.25 ± 0.434 cm) than postmenopausal women (0.986 ± 0.389 cm), _p _< 0.05. DSCTHICK significantly predicted diastolic blood pressure (β = −0.295, _p _< 0.05) and blood sodium level (β = −0.300, _p _< 0.05). DUOTHICK in diabetic IPI patients exceeded that in nondiabetic patients. Effective antiparasitic and antidiabetic treatments induced changes in the echoanatomy of the intestinal wall, suggesting the sealing of ‘the leak’. CONCLUSIONS: IPIs disrupted the intestinal cytoskeleton, leading to “leaky gut syndrome” development.
Secretaría de Educación Pública de México (2023). Un libro sin recetas, para la maestra y el maestro. Fase 6: Modalidad secundaria. Secretaría de Educación Pública.
Authors: Torres Vivar Francisco Alejandro
Published: April 2024

El libro "Un libro sin recetas, para la maestra y el maestro. Fase 6: Modalidad secundaria" de la Secretaría de Educación Pública de México se enfoca en la formación continua de docentes secundarios, basándose en la Nueva Escuela Mexicana y el pensamiento de Paulo Freire. Dividido en once secciones, aborda desde los procesos históricos de México hasta conceptos marxistas de lucha de clases, interpretando la historia como una serie de conflictos sociales. El texto argumenta que entender estos conflictos es esencial para los educadores, quienes deben formar estudiantes críticos y socialmente conscientes. A través de una perspectiva decolonial, critica el neoliberalismo y propone una educación que valora la comunidad, la inclusión y los saberes ancestrales, contrastando con prácticas educativas tradicionales. Finalmente, sugiere una pedagogía que desafía el status quo, promoviendo un cambio social profundo a través de la educación.
Psychotherapy works – An inclusive and affirming view to a modern mental health treatment
Authors: Flückiger Christoph , Willutzki Ulrike , grosse Holtforth Martin , Wampold Bruce E.
Published: April 2024

Psychotherapy is a highly collaborative and individualized mental health practice developed in (post-) modern societies. The mental health outcomes of psychotherapy cover a broad range of psychological factors including the reduction of suffering/symptoms as well as the promotion of well-being, personal values, and personal strengths. There is extensive meta-analytic evidence that legitimate psychotherapy works remarkably well and robustly for most common mental disorders. In addition, there is a large body of meta-analytic evidence supporting the potential relevance of transdiagnostic relationship principles and transtheoretical psychotherapy factors. Based on this ongoing empirical evidence, we propose four relevant implications for future training and practice in transdiagnostic psychotherapy: 1) the development of a transtheoretical legal framework for psychotherapeutic treatments, 2) the formulation of evidence-based transtheoretical interpersonal skills, 3) an orientation toward transtheoretical therapeutic factors, and 4) the exploration of comprehensive psychotherapy outcomes. We conclude with some more general guidance for future directions.
Case conceptualization in clinical practice and training
Authors: Gilboa-Schechtman Eva
Published: April 2024

Case conceptualization is central to the success of the therapeutic process. However, integrative case conceptualization research has lagged behind research on integrating therapeutic intervention techniques. A successful case conceptualization provides (a) a dynamic, context-sensitive, yet parsimonious model of the client’s functioning; (b) relevant treatment targets and associated assessment procedures; and (c) a treatment plan including intervention phases and potential obstacles. Success in case conceptualization is a core clinical competency goal for trainees in clinical psychology and a career-long learning goal even for expert clinicians. Emerging technological trends and the formation of adversarial collaborative teams may assist research on the utility of well-constructed case conceptualizations.
Thinking transtheoretically about alliance and rupture: Implications for practice and training
Authors: Zilcha-Mano Sigal , Muran J. Christopher
Published: April 2024

Repairing alliance ruptures has the potential to serve as a powerful mechanism of change in psychotherapy. In this article, a transtheoretical individual-specific framework for repairing alliance ruptures is proposed. According to the proposed framework, at the intake session, the therapist evaluates the trait-like tendencies of individual patients to face ruptures in interpersonal relationships. We propose a typology based on which patients are assigned to one of the following therapeutic strategies: (a) a treatment where alliance rupture and repair is the main mechanism of change (Type A), (b) an added module that augments another treatment, focusing on rupture and repair (Type B), or (c) treatment where no rupture resolution work is carried out (Type C). The proposed framework is based on cumulative clinical knowledge, and its validity and utility need to be assessed in future research.
Concepções de ética em pesquisa na educação com população LGBTQIA+
Authors: Pereira Bruno Gomes , Sartori Thiago Luiz
Published: April 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as concepções de ética nas pesquisas desenvolvidas no âmbito da educação com a população LGBTQIA+ entre os anos de 2020 a 2022. A fundamentação teórica está alojada na zona fronteiriça entre Direitos Humanos (DH) e a Análise do Discurso (AD), de ordem francesa, pois acreditamos que a confluência teórica entre os referidos saberes condiz com as discussões mais contemporâneas no campo das Ciências Humanas. A metodologia de pesquisa é do tipo documental, pois estamos entendendo as produções acadêmicas como documentos passíveis de tratamento científico, pois representam ideologias e percepções localizadas dentro de um recorte de tempo e espaço social. Os dados que constituem o corpus deste artigo foram extraídos da plataforma digital Google Acadêmico, espaço virtual que agrega pesquisas científicas de várias procedências acadêmicas. Os resultados revelam uma concepção de ética universalista, sem muito foco nas especificidades da comunidade LGBTQIA+, sendo utilizada maneira genérica.
Functional team selection: a framework for local adaptation in plants and their belowground microbiomes
Authors: Marín César , Johnson Nancy Collins
Published: April 2024

Plants and their microbiomes are complex adaptive systems consisting of host plants and a dynamic network of associated microorganisms inside and around plant tissues. This article introduces Functional Team Selection (FTS) as a framework to help envision and study the movement of matter, energy, and information within plant-microbiome systems. FTS embraces the fact that belowground, plants are surrounded by trillions of soil organisms that may help or hinder the function of roots to provide essential resources for photosynthetic production. We describe how limited resources and antagonistic biotic interactions drive host-mediated microbiome engineering and how the function of belowground microbiomes can be selected -even during the host’s lifespan- to generate plant adaptation in stressful but not benign environments. The FTS framework provides guidelines for how to work with, rather than against, evolutionary and ecological forces to generate durable cooperation and mutualism in plants and their microbiome.
Progress, Challenges and Future Prospects for Laboratory Medicine
Authors: Kudhina Timothy , Kong Fanrong
Published: April 2024

The laboratory medicine of the 2030s will be governed by a variety of internal and external forces, including underfunding challenges, emergence of new technologies that expand the scope and utility of testing, as well as increased customer demands for time, convenience and test accuracy. Laboratory medicine must adopt a proactive strategy in tackling these challenges, including a paradigm shift in the scope of practice, from that of responsibility in testing performance only, to embracing and contributing to the concept of healthcare value. Rapid technological advances will facilitate increased adoption of point-of-care applications in nontraditional settings, creating regulatory and quality assurance challenges for the profession. Thus, for laboratory medicine to survive as a unique medical profession, it must evolve into a new professional outfit through strong leadership. The profession needs to expand into new frontiers in clinical practice, including acquisition of new knowledge skill sets and significant contribution to medical research. A paradigm shift in thinking is needed, moving from having a specialised role in healthcare to becoming a diagnostic partner in a patient care setting, in close collaboration with other healthcare professionals. At a time when a revolution in health care organisation is inescapable in the years ahead, clinical pathology must proceed from a merely reactive strategy to a proactive strategy where excellence and visibility in knowledge services is nurtured and promoted, on a strong foothold of operational excellence.
Development of a mechanism for strategic management of sustainable development of regional enterprises
Authors: Klius Y.I. , Fomenko D.V. , Ivchenko Y.A.
Published: April 2024

The successful implementation of innovation strategies of regional enterprises is determined by the parameters of sustainability of the enterprise as a mini-system and the parameters of sustainability of macro-, meso- and microeconomic systems of which it is an element. The study of economic development trends that determine the possibilities of transition to an innovative model and the peculiarities of the regional innovation system has shown that in order to intensify innovation processes and increase the sustainability of innovation systems, it is necessary to create a mechanism for strategic management of sustainable development of regional enterprises. In an unstable environment, it should be based on the principles of self-organization of complex systems in the process of their adaptation to the changes taking place. First of all, the principle of dynamic equilibrium, a prerequisite for compliance with which is the performance of the main functions in the innovation system by different subjects of innovation activity, which change at the stages of the innovation process. The range of research on strategic management of regional development is quite extensive, but given the current economic situation, the consequences of the pandemic and martial law, this issue needs to be given even more attention, because most regions of Ukraine are unstable and economically unprofitable, so it is necessary to consider special levers, directions that will help to strategically effectively manage regional enterprises and ensure their economic security. The methodological basis of the article is a set of methods and principles of scientific knowledge, general and special methods and techniques used in the study. The theoretical basis of the study is the scientific works of foreign and domestic scholars on sustainable development, economic security, and innovation. The information base is based on official statistics, reporting and accounting information of enterprises, resources and publications of the Internet, and the results of the author's own research. A mechanism for strategic management of sustainable development of regional enterprises has been formed, which includes a system of resources, methods and tools for influencing innovation processes and is based on the principles of selforganization of complex systems in the process of their adaptation to changes in an unstable environment and ensuring economic security, which will allow to coordinate the goals and directions of management of investment, operational and financial activities of enterprises in the region to ensure its sustainable development.
mtDNA variation of humpback whales in their wintering grounds of Guerrero, southern Mexican Pacific
Authors: Medrano-González L , Audley K , Baker CS , Steel D
Published: April 2024

Here, we describe variation in mtDNA haplotypes among 22 individual humpback whales off the Guerrero coast in southern Mexico and compare this to other wintering regions in the eastern North Pacific Ocean using published data. After correcting for different sample sizes, Guerrero humpback whales fit the cline in the eastern North Pacific in which A types are more abundant northwards, while E and F types are more abundant southwards. Whales observed around Guerrero in early winter exhibited a greater frequency of F types that are also observed earlier in winter at Bahía de Banderas in the mainland region, suggesting a seasonal passage of whales from Mexico to Central America. Four diversity indices were higher in different wintering regions between Nayarit and Guerrero. Departures from neutrality were observed in the bordering wintering grounds of the region. Four measures of differentiation by distance indicated boundaries between Nayarit and Southern Jalisco, and between Guerrero and Oaxaca, suggesting a transitional region between wintering regions of Mexico and Central America from 17.5° to 19.5°N.
Carbon Supports and Promoters: Key to Design Copper Catalysts for CO2 Conversion
Authors:   , Barberis Laura
Published: April 2024

The impact that greenhouse gases, such as CO2, on Earth's climate is more visible than ever. Converting such a harmful gas into useful commodity chemicals, represents a valuable strategy to tackle global warming. Methanol and syngas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen mixture) are widely used to produce chemicals and fuels. Nowadays, they derived from natural gas and coal. Alternatively, they can be produced using CO2. However, economic and technological obstacles must be overcome. One being the design of suitable catalysts. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a certain chemical reaction. The focus of this thesis was the study of copper-based catalysts for CO2 conversion to produce methanol and syngas. The chemical reaction takes place at the surface of the metal. Therefore, to maximize the exposed metal surface area, the metal shaped in nanoparticles is deposited on a support. Here, we reported how both the copper nanoparticles size and the type of support used affect the obtained products and the catalyst efficiency. A strategy to enhance the catalysts performance is to add metal oxide promoters. Here we covered the role of several promoters for methanol and syngas production. Advanced characterization techniques (i.e. X-ray absorption spectroscopy) allowed us to get insight into the nature of the copper-promoter interaction. These findings provide guidelines for the rational design of copper catalysts for CO2 conversion to produce chemicals and fuels.
Receptor binding specificities of influenza A viruses beyond the sialic acid linkage
Authors:   , Spruit Cindy Maria
Published: April 2024

Influenza A viruses are responsible for millions of deaths and cases of severe illness annually in humans and animals. New virus particles are produced inside cells and therefore the first step in the infection cycle involves influenza A virus particles binding to the cell surface. On the cell surface, the viruses bind to chains of sugar molecules (glycans). Glycans can vary a lot in, for example, the length, composition of sugar molecules in the chain, and connections between the sugar molecules.
The spread of influenza A viruses from birds, a species in which a lot of these viruses occur, to humans poses a big risk. Therefore, traditionally, a lot of studies have been performed on the transmission of these viruses from birds to humans. Influenza A viruses bind to sialic acids, a specific type of sugar molecule that is present on the end of glycan chains. The glycans in birds and humans are different because the sialic acids are linked differently to the rest of the glycan. In birds, the sialic acids are mostly α2,3-linked, while in humans the α2,6-linkage is most common, which poses a species barrier that may prevent virus transmission between species.
In this dissertation, we aimed to investigate the fine receptor specificities of IAVs and the molecular determinants responsible for this binding, looking beyond the classically considered α2,3-linked and α2,6-linked Neu5Ac. We aimed to investigate biologically relevant N-glycan cores presenting a diverse repertoire of epitopes, such as elongated branches, multiple branches, Neu5Ac, Neu5Gc, and sLeX epitopes.
Working on Well-being
Authors:   , van Roekel Hendrik
Published: April 2024

While healthcare employees provide invaluable contributions to the well-being of patients, their well-being has increasingly been put under pressure. How can we take care of healthcare employees? The dissertation Working on Well-being aims to deepen our understanding of employee well-being in healthcare and develop strategies for leaders to improve the well-being of their employees.

This dissertation first aims to contribute to the literature on well-being by dissecting employees’ experiences and innovating employee well-being measurement. Next, it explores leadership as a pivotal force in shaping well-being by studying two contemporary approaches to leadership: empowerment and behavioral insights. It assesses the boundary conditions of empowerment as an effective leadership approach by paying attention to the role of context and employee willingness. Finally, it studies how behavioral insights can be employed rigorously by investigating the mechanisms of effectiveness and elaborate testing.

In studying well-being and leadership, this research presents various research methodologies aimed at innovating survey research. These include text mining, a Bayesian truth serum and self-generated identification codes for longitudinal analysis. It also highlights the use of Open Science practices like ethical review, preregistration and open data.

Through a wide variety of academic insights and practical strategies on well-being and leadership, this dissertation aims to contribute to creating a healthier healthcare system—one in which the well-being of those who dedicate their lives to the well-being of others is also prioritized and protected.
Navigating Adolescence: Addressing Mental Health Challenges through Social Work Practice and Policy
Authors: Howard Tiffany , Mahone Cierra , Capehart Majesty , Akinade Opeyemi , Brookins Tabitha
Published: April 2024

Adolescent mental health is a critical aspect of overall well-being, particularly during the tumultuous period of adolescence. Despite increased awareness, depression and anxiety disorders remain prevalent among adolescents, necessitating early intervention. This paper examines the interaction of adolescent mental health, social work practice, and social welfare policy. It explores the challenges adolescents face, including the impact of social media and various risk factors, and the role of social workers in addressing these challenges within the framework of social welfare policies. Additionally, it discusses preventative measures such as mindfulness programs in schools and community support initiatives, as well as challenges and barriers to effective intervention. Overall, this paper underscores the importance of comprehensive and collaborative approaches to promoting adolescent mental health and well-being.
The extracellular vesicles in HIV infection and progression: mechanisms, and theranostic implications
Authors: Tang Zhen , Lu Yao , Dong Jiu-Long , Wu Wen , Li Jian
Published: April 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), these minute yet mighty cellular messengers are redefining our understanding of a spectrum of diseases, from cancer to cardiovascular ailments, neurodegenerative disorders, and even infectious diseases like HIV. Central to cellular communication, EVs emerge as both potent facilitators and insightful biomarkers in immune response and the trajectory of disease progression. This review ventures deep into the realm of EVs in HIV-unraveling their pivotal roles in diagnosis, disease mechanism unravelling, and therapeutic innovation. With a focus on HIV, we will highlights the transformative potential of EVs in both diagnosing and treating this formidable virus. Unveiling the intricate dance between EVs and HIV, the review aims to shed light on novel therapeutic strategies that could significantly benefit HIV therapy, potentially even leading to the eradication of HIV.
Transcriptomic profile of premature ovarian insufficiency with RNA-sequencing
Authors: Wu Jiaman , Feng Shiyu , Luo Yan , Ning Yan , Qiu Pingping , Lin Yanting , Ma Fei , Zhuo Yuanyuan
Published: April 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to explore the transcriptomic profile of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) by investigating alterations in gene expression.

Methods

A total of sixty-one women, comprising 31 individuals with POI in the POI group and 30 healthy women in the control group (HC group), aged between 24 and 40 years, were recruited for this study. The transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood samples from all study subjects were analyzed using RNA-sequencing.

Results

The results revealed 39 differentially expressed genes in individuals with POI compared to healthy controls, with 10 upregulated and 29 downregulated genes. Correlation analysis highlighted the relationship between the expression of SLC25A39, CNIH3, and PDZK1IP1 and hormone levels. Additionally, an effective classification model was developed using SLC25A39, CNIH3, PDZK1IP1, SHISA4, and LOC389834. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated the involvement of these differentially expressed genes in the “haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex,” while KEGG pathway analysis indicated their participation in the “Proteoglycans in cancer” pathway.

Conclusion

The identified genes could play a crucial role in characterizing the genetic foundation of POI, potentially serving as valuable biomarkers for enhancing disease classification accuracy.
Activation of Pannexin-1 channels causes cell dysfunction and damage in mesangial cells derived from angiotensin II-exposed mice
Authors: Lucero Claudia M. , Navarro Laura , Barros-Osorio Cristián , Cáceres-Conejeros Patricio , Orellana Juan A. , Gómez Gonzalo I.
Published: April 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent health concern associated with various pathological conditions, including hypertensive nephropathy. Mesangial cells are crucial in maintaining glomerular function, yet their involvement in CKD pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Recent evidence indicates that overactivation of Pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels could contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases. Although Panx1 is expressed in the kidney, its contribution to the dysfunction of renal cells during pathological conditions remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Panx1 channels on mesangial cell function in the context of hypertensive nephropathy. Using an Ang II-infused mouse model and primary mesangial cell cultures, we demonstrated that in vivo exposure to Ang II sensitizes cultured mesangial cells to show increased alterations when they are subjected to subsequent in vitro exposure to Ang II. Particularly, mesangial cell cultures treated with Ang II showed elevated activity of Panx1 channels and increased release of ATP. The latter was associated with enhanced basal intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and increased ATP-mediated [Ca2+]i responses. These effects were accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation and reduced cell viability. Crucially, all the adverse impacts evoked by Ang II were prevented by the blockade of Panx1 channels, underscoring their critical role in mediating cellular dysfunction in mesangial cells. By elucidating the mechanisms by which Ang II negatively impacts mesangial cell function, this study provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis of renal damage in hypertensive nephropathy.
Endometrial microbiota alteration in female patients with endometrial polyps based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis
Authors: Zhao Yu , Liao Yun , Xu Gufeng , Wang Yue
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The potential role of the endometrial microbiota in the pathogenesis of endometrial polyps (EPs) warrants further investigation, given the current landscape of limited and inconclusive research findings. We aimed to explore the microecological characteristics of the uterine cavity in patients with EPs and investigate the potential of endometrial microbiota species as novel biomarkers for identifying EPs.

Methods

Endometrial samples were collected from 225 patients who underwent hysteroscopies, of whom 167 had EPs, whereas 58 had non- hyperproliferative endometrium status. The endometrial microbiota was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We characterized the endometrial microbiota and identified microbial biomarkers for predicting EPs.

Results

The endometrial microbial diversity and composition were significantly different between the EP and control groups. Predictive functional analyses of the endometrial microbiota demonstrated significant alterations in pathways involved in sphingolipid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and apoptosis between the two groups. Moreover, a classification model based on endometrial microbial ASV-based biomarkers along with the presence of abnormal uterine bleeding symptoms achieved powerful classification potential in identifying EPs in both the discovery and validation cohorts.

Conclusion

Our study indicates a potential association between altered endometrial microbiota and EPs. Endometrial microbiota-based biomarkers may prove valuable for the diagnosis of EPs.

Clinical trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100052746).
More frequent utilization of evidence-based teaching practices leads to increasingly positive student outcomes
Authors: Reeves Philip M. , Bauer Melanie , Gill Julia C. , Wang Cong , Hanauer David I. , Graham Mark J.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Evidence-based teaching (EBT) practices benefit students, yet our understanding of how frequently these strategies should be utilized in STEM courses is less established.

Methods

In this study, students (n = 894) of faculty who learned about how to implement EBTs from the Summer Institutes for Scientific Teaching were surveyed. The students rated the frequency of implementation of six types of EBTs after the course and completed a follow-up survey one year later to examine long-term outcomes.

Results

Class and student-level analyses indicated that students who reported being exposed to EBTs every couple of classes also reported that they learned more and had a higher ability to work in groups when compared to students who were exposed to EBTs less frequently.

Discussion

The results will help instructors and faculty development professionals understand how frequently EBTs should be incorporated when designing and modifying courses.
Unveiling maker mindsets: a journey of formation and transformation through design thinking-making pedagogy within a lesson study context
Authors: Li Jiajia , Goei Suilin , Huang Rongjin
Published: April 2024

Maker Education (ME) focuses on fostering students’ Maker Mindsets (MM). However, prevailing ME practices often lack a structured approach, that impedes the effective development of students’ MM. To address this challenge, a Design Thinking-making pedagogy (DTMP) is used to design ME lessons through a three-month Lesson Study (LS) cycle. Employing a qualitative multiple case study methodology, we studied the development and transformation of MM in three elementary school students. Diverse data were collected, including student artifacts, video recordings of teacher discussions, and audio recordings of the interviews. The findings revealed common cognitive, self-efficacy, and collaboration improvements among the three students. Unique changes in individual cognitive skills, motivational patterns, and obstacles to collaboration were also observed. Furthermore, key factors influencing MM development were identified across individual, social, and pedagogical dimensions. Individual factors included prior knowledge, maker skills, and motivation, whereas social factors included teachers’ attitudes, recognition, feedback, and peer collaboration. Pedagogical practices, such as project difficulty, structure, and authenticity, play a crucial role in MM development. This study not only contributes valuable insights into MM development, but also underscores the pivotal role of tailored, personal real-life experiences in ME pedagogy. Furthermore, our study suggests that teachers can enhance ME pedagogy by intentionally designing it to facilitate MM in students, using the LS approach.
Case report: Novel NUS1 variant in a Chinese patient with tremors and intellectual disability
Authors: Li Ruolin , Yang Jiayi , Ma Jinfeng , Zhang Aimei , Li Hongfang
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Nuclear undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase 1 (NUS1) gene variants are associated with a range of phenotypes, including epilepsy, intellectual disability, cerebellar ataxia, Parkinson’s disease, dystonia, and congenital disorders of glycosylation. Additionally, cases describing genotypes and clinical features are rare.

Case Presentation:

Herein, we report the case of a 23-year-old Chinese female patient who presented with tremors, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. A history of carbon monoxide exposure, brain trauma, or encephalitis was not present in this case. Trio whole-exome sequencing analysis revealed a de novo pathogenic variant of c.750del in exon 4, leading to p.Leu251* amino acid substitution. Genetic analysis failed to identify the identical mutations in the remaining family members who underwent screening. The patient was diagnosed with a rare congenital disease, “congenital glycosylation disorder, type 1aa, autosomal dominant, type 55, with seizures (MRD-55).”

Conclusion:

We provide further evidence for the role of variants in NUS1 in the development of tremors, epilepsy, and intellectual disabilities. These findings expand our understanding of the clinical phenotypes of NUS1 variants.
Experts' view on the role of oestrogens in combined oral contraceptives: emphasis on oestetrol (E4)
Authors: Creinin M. D. , Cagnacci A. , Spaczyński R. Z. , Stute P. , Chabbert-Buffet N. , Korver T. , Simoncini T.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The evolution of contraception has been crucial for public health and reproductive well-being. Over the past 60 years, combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have remained an important part of the contraceptive landscape worldwide; continued development has worked toward maintaining efficacy and improving safety.

Methods

Seven global experts convened to discuss the clinical relevance of the oestrogen in COCs, focusing on the impact of the new oestrogen, oestetrol (E4). Participants then commented through an online forum on the summary content and other participants' feedback. We prepared this report to describe the experts' views, their follow-up from the open forum and the evidence supporting their views.

Results

Ethinylestradiol (EE) and oestradiol (E2) affect receptors similarly whereas E4 has differential effects, especially in the liver and breast. Adequate oestrogen doses in COCs ensure regular bleeding and user acceptability. EE and E4 have longer half-lives than E2; accordingly, COCs with EE and E4 offer more predictable bleeding than those with E2. Oestrogen type and progestin influence VTE risk; E2 poses a lower risk than EE; although promising, E4/DRSP VTE risk is lacking population-based data. COCs alleviate menstrual symptoms, impact mental health, cognition, libido, skin, and bone health.

Conclusion

Oestrogens play an important role in the contraceptive efficacy, bleeding patterns, and overall tolerability/safety of COCs. Recent studies exploring E4 combined with DRSP show promising results compared to traditional formulations, but more definitive conclusions await further research.
A bioinformatic approach to identify confirmed and probable CRISPR–Cas systems in the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus–Acinetobacter baumannii complex genomes
Authors: Mancilla-Rojano Jetsi , Flores Víctor , Cevallos Miguel A. , Ochoa Sara A. , Parra-Flores Julio , Arellano-Galindo José , Xicohtencatl-Cortes Juan , Cruz-Córdova Ariadnna
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The Acinetobacter calcoaceticus–Acinetobacter baumannii complex, or Acb complex, consists of six species: Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Acinetobacter nosocomialis, Acinetobacter pittii, Acinetobacter seifertii, and Acinetobacter lactucae. A. baumannii is the most clinically significant of these species and is frequently related to healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) arrays and associated genes (cas) constitute bacterial adaptive immune systems and function as variable genetic elements. This study aimed to conduct a genomic analysis of Acb complex genomes available in databases to describe and characterize CRISPR systems and cas genes.

Methods

Acb complex genomes available in the NCBI and BV-BRC databases, the identification and characterization of CRISPR-Cas systems were performed using CRISPRCasFinder, CRISPRminer, and CRISPRDetect. Sequence types (STs) were determined using the Oxford scheme and ribosomal multilocus sequence typing (rMLST). Prophages were identified using PHASTER and Prophage Hunter.

Results

A total of 293 genomes representing six Acb species exhibited CRISPR-related sequences. These genomes originate from various sources, including clinical specimens, animals, medical devices, and environmental samples. Sequence typing identified 145 ribosomal multilocus sequence types (rSTs). CRISPR–Cas systems were confirmed in 26.3% of the genomes, classified as subtypes I-Fa, I-Fb and I-Fv. Probable CRISPR arrays and cas genes associated with CRISPR–Cas subtypes III-A, I-B, and III-B were also detected. Some of the CRISPR–Cas systems are associated with genomic regions related to Cap4 proteins, and toxin–antitoxin systems. Moreover, prophage sequences were prevalent in 68.9% of the genomes. Analysis revealed a connection between these prophages and CRISPR–Cas systems, indicating an ongoing arms race between the bacteria and their bacteriophages. Furthermore, proteins associated with anti-CRISPR systems, such as AcrF11 and AcrF7, were identified in the A. baumannii and A. pittii genomes.

Discussion

This study elucidates CRISPR–Cas systems and defense mechanisms within the Acb complex, highlighting their diverse distribution and interactions with prophages and other genetic elements. This study also provides valuable insights into the evolution and adaptation of these microorganisms in various environments and clinical settings.