bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurship Interest Training Through Innovation and Creativity for Generation Z at Sultan Agung Private High School
Authors: Indajang Kevin , Silitonga Hery Pandapotan , Sianipar Ruth Tridianty , Putri Juan Anastasia , Sembiring Lenny Dermawan , Sudirman Acai
Published: February 2024

Innovation and creativity in this digital era are needed in developing the business you want to be involved in so that you are not trapped in daily operational activities and pursuing performance targets. The fundamentals of implementing this service with the theme of training interest in entrepreneurship through innovation and creativity for generation Z at Sultan Agung Private High School are to encourage generation Z, especially in the Sultan Agung Private High School environment, to increase knowledge related to entrepreneurship by utilizing innovation abilities and creativity in developing businesses. The method used in implementing this activity is through lectures and FGD (group discussion forum). The stages of implementing this event include opening and introducing entrepreneurial innovation and creativity, explaining the fundamentals of being an entrepreneur, explaining several problems often faced by young entrepreneurs, then continued with discussions related to new business development. After the service activities are completed, follow-up interviews are conducted regarding the impact of implementing the service activities. According to the interview results, it is known that the understanding of generation Z, especially students at Sultan Agung Private High School, regarding increasing understanding of innovation and creativity has increased by 95%.
KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH SISWA BERDASARKAN TEORI POLYA PADA PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MATERI STATISTIKA
Authors: Aini Novita Nurul , Abdul Haris Rosyidi  , Hasnawati
Published: February 2024

Keterampilan yang harus dimiliki siswa adalah keterampilan memecahkan masalah. Keterampilan ini dapat dilatih melalui pembelajaran problem based learning. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa melalui problem based learning berdasarkan teori Polya pada materi statistika. Empat tahapan pemecahan masalah adalah memahami masalah, merencanakan penyelesaian, melaksanakan rencana dan memeriksa kembali. Subjek penelitian dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling berdasar kebenaran tiap tahapan pemecahan masalah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa problem based learning memberikan hasil berupa subjek yang memiliki kemampuan sangat tinggi dimana yaitu memenuhi semua indikator pemecahan masalah Polya, tanpa mengalami kesulitan berarti. Pemahaman yang dimiliki oleh subjek ini sangat baik dan dipaparkan secara rasional. Subjek dengan kemampuan tinggi hanya mampu mencapai indikator memahami masalah, merencanakan penyelesaian, dan melaksanakan rencana, namun mengalami kendala pada tahap memeriksa kembali karena kesulitan dalam melakukan operasi hitung yang melibatkan desimal. Subjek dengan kemampuan rendah tidak mampu melanjutkan ke tahap melaksanakan rencana dan memeriksa kembali, dikarenakan kesulitan dalam memahami masalah secara memadai serta kesulitan dalam memilih data yang relevan dari informasi yang disajikan dalam soal. Sementara itu, subjek dengan kemampuan sangat rendah hanya mampu mencapai tahap memahami masalah. Pemahaman yang dimiliki oleh subjek ini masih terbilang kurang lengkap dan rinci, serta tidak dapat melanjutkan ke tahap perencanaan dikarenakan belum mampu memahami masalah dengan cukup baik.
Kata Kunci : pemecahan masalah, problem based learning, Teori Polya
NEW ERA'S IMPOSED OR FASHIONABLE DIETARY TRENDS VS ANCIENT AND YOGIC DIETARY PATTERNS; THEIR COMPARATIVE AND SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS ON EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF PCOS.
Authors: Gill Vidhu , Nasser Kaynat , Singh Kritanjali
Published: February 2024

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a reproductive-endocrine-metabolic syndrome that is linked with lower fertility rate in young women of
reproductive age. There is an inammation in reproductive organs that lead to imbalance in regulatory responses of endocrine glands further
creating a haphazard overall situation that becomes the foundation of this syndrome. PCOS and infertility is currently amongst top-5 lifestyle
disorders of women along with obesity, anxiety, low back pain and diabetes. New trendy diets and its impeccable impact over young generation are
fashionable. Intermittent fasting, ketogenic diet, vegan sounds more fancy and magnetic that those who follow makes them feel they are trendy and
running with the pace. Yogic diet can be a new trend and should be promoted with great impulse. PCOS and infertility is rather complex to underline
which diet is suitable to consume and maintain a sustainable optimum reproductive health, but Yogic diet is assumed to be most promising than
others. Present mini review focuses on fashionable trends that can be a footnote to those who would dive deep into ocean of interlinking women
health and diet.
Entre a interpretação e o programa
Authors: Daltoé Assis Matheus
Published: February 2024

The Gramscian concept of passive revolution is an instrument commonly mobilized to understand the political and social reality of Brazil and its tortuous process of “modernization”. In this sense, the present work aims to understand how this concept was used by Luiz Werneck Vianna and Carlos Nelson Coutinho for this purpose. As a methodological procedure, the research started from a documentary analysis of these two references from the gramscian field on the discussion of the concept of passive revolution. Thus, it is considered that the referred concept, as interpreted by Vianna and Coutinho, would demand more modulations that would allow understanding the colonial and dependent character of the Brazilian social and political formation.
A “intentona comunista” ontem e hoje
Authors: Capiotti Douglas Michel
Published: February 2024

This article aims to understand how the Armed Forces came to be seen as an anti-communist institution, always on guard against communism and communists. This interpretation by society has repercussions within the institution. After the military uprisings that took place in 1935, pejoratively called "Communist Intentone", a broad process was set up, orchestrated by general officers of the time together with the ruling classes, aiming to create a wall that would distance the military from left-wing ideals and justify repression. against the working class, in every demand that bothered those in power. Since the uprisings, military ideologues have created a narrative that accused the military involved in the "Intentone" of being traitors to the homeland and the Armed Forces. This narrative continuity made the same interpretation of the events of 1935 reach the current general officers, still having the same objectives: repression of popular and working class movements, safeguarding Brazilian dependent capitalism.
Por uma espiritualidade para ateus
Authors: Barbosa Wesley de Jesus
Published: February 2024

Abstract: The present manuscript embarks on the investigation of a spirituality without God, in which the primordial problems posed to conscience, despite being used by the religious in the sense of the search for a meaning, are not exclusively theological questions. To all humanity is placed the discomfort of finitude, of the absolute, of nothingness, of creation. Therefore, it would not be prudent to leave such imbroglios under the monopoly of religions and the danger of their fanaticism. An experience of the sacred for atheists becomes necessary as a condition for a secular spirituality.
Calendula officinalis - A Crucial and Promising Antifungal Agent with Cytotoxic Biological Attributes
Authors: Dey Hrithik , Tarannum Mahewish , Kumar Pankaj , Agarwal Vatsala , Parvez Eliza , Ali MD Naushad , Shafieq Sufia , Sharma Vikas
Published: February 2024

Globally recognized for its antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties, Calendula officinalis (Marigold) comprises various constituents, including carbohydrates, amino acids, terpenoids, glycosides, lipids, fatty acids, and carotenoids. In in-vitro assessments, it demonstrated effectiveness ranging from 54% to 79% against fungal infections, attributed to the significant presence of sesquiterpene, hydrocarbons, sesquiterpenols, δ-cadinene, α-cadinol, and epi-α-muurolol. Conversely, it also showcases robust cytotoxic activity against colon cancer, leukemia, and melanoma cells in human cancer lines, primarily due to the existence of two triterpene glycosides, calenduloside F 6¢-O-n-butyl ester, and calenduloside G 6¢-O-methyl ester.
Pengaruh laba bersih, ukuran perusahaan, struktur modal, dan likuiditas terhadap harga saham
Authors: Melinda Hesti Sisma , Dewi Siska
Published: February 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of net profit, company size, capital structure, and liquidity on stock prices (a case study on a manufacturing company in the food and beverage sub-sector in 2018-2022). The research population is a food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2018-2022. The sampling technique used was the purposive sampling technique. The data type used is secondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression using SPSS version 25. The partial results show that stock prices have a positive and significant effect on stock prices, company size has no effect on stock prices, capital structure has a negative and significant effect on stock prices, and liquidity has no effect on stock prices. 

Public statement interest

This research can be used as input in assessments carried out by company management and the wider community to measure share prices to attract investors to invest their capital in the company to make a profit.
THE MANIFESTATION OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THE SILKWORM BOMBYX MORI L. BY MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Scientific Director of the project “Unique object”  Scientific Research Institute of Sericulture, Larkina Е.А. , Akilov U.H. ,   Junior Researcher of the project “Unique Object”  Scientific Research Institute of Sericulture, Scientific Research Institute of Sericulture Abdikayumova N.K. ,   Assistant of the Department "Sericulture and Mulberry growing"  Tashkent State Agrarian University
Published: February 2024

The article deals with morphological features, economically valuable indicators and prospects for the use of silkworm breeds with sexual dimorphism at different stages of development, from the world collection of silkworm breeds of NIISH. Like all insects, the silkworm has sexual dimorphism in a number of morphological features at different stages of development. However, it is in the silkworm, as an important agricultural object, that sex differences are of exceptional importance. The fact is that in the industrial production of silk, the silkworm is bred all over the world in the form of first-generation hybrids to realize maximum heterosis. Heterosis can be fully manifested only in the case of exceptional purity of the preparation of hybrid grena, that is, its non contamination with purebred testicles. To do this, it is necessary to isolate both sexes of each breed even before the butterflies fly out of the cocoons and then mate the females of one breed with the males of the other. If we take into account the scale of production, then tens of millions of individuals are subject to this operation. Such a division of silkworm breeds by sex is possible only in the case of pronounced sexual dimorphism by morphological characteristics. The currently used division of cocoons by sex on the machines of the defense industry by weight differences between females and males has a huge error of 65-70%. Visual division of pupae by sex according to difficult-to-distinguish secondary sexual characteristics, requires a lot of manual labor and has a high error rate. Therefore, the use of silkworm breeds with sexual dimorphism according to morphological characteristics at different stages of development for hybridization is an urgent task.
OSCILLATORY VISCOMETERS AND WAYS TO ENHANCE THEM
Authors:   Doctoral Student, Doctor of Philosophy in Technical Sciences (PhD)  Tashkent State Technical Universitynamed after Islam Karimov, Shamuratov J. U.
Published: February 2024

The article provides information on measurements of vibration viscosity, related methods and formulas for their calculation. The article also describes devices for measuring vibration viscosity and ways to improve them. Similarities and differences between viscosity measuring instruments are also listed. The article discusses ways of raising efficiency of measuring instruments and their expression; factors influencing the efficiency are also shown. Expressions for determining required parameters and properties of the vibration viscosity measuring device depending on the test design are also given. Development stages of new measurement methods of vibration viscosity measuring instruments and their scheme, have been elucidated. In conclusion, it can be said that the vibratory viscosity measuring equipment, which is based on a new design and measurement method, is promising.
IMPROVING PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY IN THE SERVICE SECTOR
Authors:   Associate Professor  Karakalpak State University, Utemuratova G. Kh.
Published: February 2024

At present, the use of Public-Private Partnership mechanism in investing in the services sector is becoming important in development of the national economy. Hence, Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is an essential tool for ensuring the socio- economic development of the country and an important source of financial resources for investment projects that retain control of public authorities and cooperate with investors. This paper reviews a methodology for assessing effectiveness of PublicPrivate Partnership in the services sector, forms and conditions of mutually beneficial relations between partners, goals and objectives of PPP projects, cooperation through public and private sector assets and management skills, public-private partnership. Furthermore, the paper analyzes expected obstacles and limits of the private partnership, the process of organizing cooperation projects, assessment of project effectiveness and the impact of economic risks on it, key indicators for determining effectiveness of investment projects, integrated economic efficiency of the investment project, budget efficiency in the Public-Private Partnerships.
TECHNOLOGY OF SYNTHESIS OF LIQUID SYNTHETIC TECHNICAL DETERGENT “FZ-26” AND ITS APPLICATION
Authors:   Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher  National University of Uzbekistan, Karimov М. М. , Kodirov O. Sh. ,   Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher  National University of Uzbekistan, Babaev T. B. ,   Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor  National University of Uzbekistan, Usmanova G. A. ,   Associate Professor, Researcher  Tashkent State Technical Universit
Published: February 2024

The article presents findings from a study into disposal of the technological alkaline solution formed in the amount of 2000 tons/ a year, in course of the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride at JSC “Navoiyazot”. A composition of a liquid detergent based on synthetic surfactants and secondary raw materials – an alkaline solution formed during the synthesis of vinyl chloride, has been developed. Physicochemical properties of the developed composition have been determined, on the basis of which the laboratory regulations for production of technical detergents have been compiled. The possibility of creating an industrial technology for manufacture of technical detergent based on a secondary product – a process solution of alkali, which is expected to boost profitability of the polyvinyl chloride production and solve one of the environmental problems of this enterprise, is shown.
¿Vivir o convivir juntos? Diseño para la convivencia en viviendas de corresidentes de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Cruz-Petit Bruno , Salinas-Soto Merced Norite
Published: February 2024

Una de las tendencias más destacadas en los modelos habitacionales actuales es la corresidencia (coliving), un modo de habitar que encaja con la necesidad de adaptación a situaciones laborales y familiares en permanente cambio, escasez de vivienda y necesidad de modelos sustentables de vida. Las prestaciones de habitabilidad de una vivienda compartida son un aspecto clave a la hora de facilitar no sólo la vida privada sino también la convivencia entre corresidentes. Ver los factores que promueven o inhiben la convivencia es el objetivo del presente trabajo, cuya metodología consistió en la observación cualitativa de áreas comunes en viviendas compartidas en la Ciudad de México (fotos y levantamiento planimétrico) y entrevistas con sus usuarios. Los resultados señalan diversos factores que tienen impacto en la convivencia de los corresidentes, entre los cualesdestacan los espacios colectivos cuidados y una buena iluminación, así como la amplitud en cocinas y comedores.
El color y las emociones en infantes de edad preescolar
Authors: Cuvelier-García Mónica , Lozada-González Mónica
Published: February 2024

Dado que los colores influyen positiva y negativamente en las emociones y la estimulación del cerebro de un infante de edad preescolar, la presente investigación indaga desde un punto de vista objetivo, el procesamientode la percepción del color. Con el objetivo de identificar las sensaciones y las emociones que una gama de colores les provoca, para generar una propuesta de paleta de colores idónea para el aula de kínder. La  investigación se sustenta en el método científico de manera casi experimental con datos cualitativos al analizar la percepción del color controlando variables de infantes pertenecientes a un colegio preescolar de Cd. Juárez Chihuahua. Cuantitativamente, se aplica un test de correlación de imágenes que expresan emociones, con la gama de colores de acuerdo a la percepción visual del desarrollo fisiológico del ojo. Las conclusiones favorecen las emociones positivas de los infantes con el uso adecuado del color dentro del aula de prescolar, pues de las seis emociones analizadas, dos de ellas favorecen las emociones positivas, por lo contrario, las emocionesnegativas son necesarias en su desarrollo infantil, por lo que no se recomienda evitarlas en su totalidad dentrodel aula.
El papel de los tranvías en la expansión de la ciudad de México del siglo XIX
Authors: Ibarra-Deras Mauricio , Becerril-Sánchez Teresa
Published: February 2024

Importa aquí resaltar el cómo la red de tranvías, establecida en la ciudad de México a mediados del siglo XIX, contribuyó en el inicial proceso de expansión urbana al servir de medio de conexión entre las estaciones del ferrocarril, asentadas en la periferia urbana y el casco antiguo de la ciudad. De la misma manera, esta tecnología ferroviaria resultó vital para la articulación urbana con las nuevas colonias, que por esos años comenzaban a formarse en la periferia capitalina, así como también propicio el acercamiento con las pequeñas poblaciones cercanas a la ciudad, dinámica que igualmente contribuyó en el crecimiento de estas localidades, que al pasar de los años tenderían a fusionarse con la antigua ciudad de México.
Regionalización de indicadores de calidad para suelos degradados por actividades agrícolas y pecuarias en el altiplano central de México
Authors: Alvarez-Arteaga Gustavo , Ibáñez-Huerta Abel , Orozco-Hernández María Estela , García-Fajardo Belina
Published: February 2024

La degradación del suelo es una de las principales amenazas ambientales, ya que su deterioro y pérdida de calidad implica la reducción de su capacidad para prestar diferentes funciones y servicios ambientales; por ello, es necesario su diagnóstico y evaluación desde etapas tempranas a partir del estudio de sus propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas, consideradas como indicadores de su calidad.El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en seleccionar un grupo mínimo de indicadores de calidad del suelo para la zona de estudio, ubicada en la región norte del Estado de México, mediante la aplicación de métodos estadísticos multivariados, para, posteriormente, determinar la sensibilidad de cada uno de estos indicadores sobre los diferentes usos de suelo. Se tomaron 25 muestras de suelo a 30 cm de profundidad para sitios representativos de cinco condiciones de uso, en las cuales se analizó un grupo de 17 propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas.A través de pruebas de correlación lineal y de un análisis de componentes principales que explicó el 89% de la varianza total en el suelo se obtuvo un grupo mínimo de indicadores compuesto por el carbono orgánico del suelo, nitrógeno total, pH, densidad aparente, contenido de arcillas, fósforo y potasio. Los análisis de varianza y la prueba de Tukey (p< 0.05) determinaron diferencias significativas de estas variables para los usos de suelo, indicando que, en la medida en que se intensificó la alteración en los suelos, hubo una disminución hasta del 40% en el contenido de carbono orgánico, nitrógeno total y otros nutrimentos; por el contrario, se incrementó la densidad aparente y el contenido de arcillas. La aplicación del grupo mínimo de indicadores de calidad en el suelo obtenido para este estudio es una herramienta eficiente para diagnosticar su condición actual y contribuir en la toma de decisiones sobre su manejo y conservación.
STATUS OF MENTAL HEALTH OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ALIGARH: PROBLEMS AND PREVENTIONS
Authors: Orusa Karim
Published: February 2024

The secondary school stage is the most important phase of life where students are facing physical, social, mental, family, educational, and personal problems. At this stage, mental health plays a very important role and helps to deal with these types of problems in a very effective way. The Objective of the study is to find the status of mental health of students studying in secondary schools and analyze the obstacles faced by them. The study uses an exploratory research design and purposively selected two schools from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh district. Total samples of 50 students, out of which 25 were girl and 25 were boy students taken from selective schools. A SDQ questionnaire was formed based on the objective and was distributed among the selected students. The results revealed that more girls than boys report mental health problems. The status of mental health among students at secondary level in Aligarh is not in good condition due to various issues and challenges in terms of misconceptions about mental health, lack of awareness and resources, social, personal, financial, environment and technology-related problems. Mental health problems are common among the senior secondary students in Aligarh. Early detection and effective intervention will result in better development of the futures citizens of our country. Proper orientation and awareness about mental health issues and challenges at the secondary school level will be very helpful for students to cope up with the tense situations and also help in being well-adjusted in family and society.
KEYWORDS: Mental health, Secondary school, Problems, Preventions
Peculiarities of Rehabilitation of Patients with Chronic Cerebral Circulation Insufficiency During the War
Authors: Chernii Tatiana V. , Cherniy Volodymyr I. , Svitlytska Diana V.
Published: February 2024

Aim: To improve the clinical diagnosis of CCCI and to develop methods of personalized treatment and rehabilitation of patients with CCCI during the war.
Materials and Methods: 38 patients were examined in age range from 49 to 73 years with diagnosis of CCCI and comorbidity, stressed during the war – 16 males і 22 females. Informed participation consent was obtained from all patients. The diagnosis was confirmed by the data of general clinical, neurological examination, neuroimaging techniques, instrumental, laboratory and neuropsychological testing – Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Depression, Anxiety And Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) and Modified Assessment Of Neurological And Neuropsychological Deficit Scale (MANND)
Results: As a result of the examination of 38 patients with a diagnosis of CCCI and comorbidity using such scales as MANND, MMSE, DASS-21, FAS and provided treatment through combination of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and choline precursors, data were obtained on decreasing severity of neurological symptoms, regression of anxiety and depression indicators, and the most significant regression of stress and fatigue indicators.
Conclusions: Therapeutic regimen should be personalized, taking into account a wide range of complaints, assessment of neurological and neuropsychological deficit, and management of chronic diseases. The appointment of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in combination with choline precursors as targeted cholinergic insufficiency correction leads to reduction of asthenic syndrome, indicators of stress, depression and anxiety.
LA MATERNIDAD Y PATERNIDAD EN LOS SISTEMAS DE SEGUROS SOCIALES EN MÉXICO
Authors: Martínez Martínez Verónica Lidia
Published: February 2024

Con el apoyo estadístico, el análisis legislativo y jurisprudencial, partiendo de la tipología de necesidades del ser humano y de los responsables de atenderlas, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar en el sistema jurídico mexicano los distintos esquemas prestacionales del seguro de maternidad y la licencia de paternidad para identificar, a partir de los métodos analítico y comparado, sus principales omisiones, deficiencias y contravenciones.

 

El cuidado de los menores se asume como un deber feminizado, que contraviene los derechos humanos de las mujeres y de los hombres, por ello es necesario repensar la labor de los sistemas de seguros sociales en el derecho humano al cuidado por ser un factor que incide en la subsistencia, bienestar y desarrollo de los Estados y los individuos, además de adecuar los instrumentos normativos nacionales e internacionales a la actual conformación de las familias mexicanas con la finalidad de lograr su protección, el holista involucramiento de los varones en materia de cuidados infantiles, incrementar la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres, así como la reinserción de estas últimas en el mercado laboral.
CONTENIDO
Authors: Gonzalez Beltrones Adria Velia
Published: February 2024

En esta edición de BIOLEX, ya con la periodicidad anual, de formato continuo, le damos la Bienvenida a tres nuevos grupos de autores quienes nos plantean los siguientes temas: La justicia social un acceso para el bienestar común…  de Ana Ruth Citlaly Batris y a tal efecto la plantea como  valor fundamental para lograr la convivencia pacífica y el progreso de las sociedades en común. Por su parte  Iván de Jesús, Ochoa Barreras nos presenta por medio de un estudio comparativo las diferencias  y homologación del Procedimiento en el Sistema Integral de Justicia Penal para Adolescentes con el Sistema Penal Acusatorio y Oral en México, documentando la justificación de esas diferencias para así proveer una mayor comprensión de la justicia penal para adolescentes y a su vez identificar las áreas de oportunidad en ambos sistemas. Entre las conclusiones se destaca que en el Sistema para Adolescentes se observa de manera más estricta el principio procesal de Mínima Intervención y tiene mayor armonía con los Tratados Internacionales en los que se fundamenta..La tercera participación  La maternidad y paternidad en los sistemas de seguros sociales en México, es la de Verónica Lidia Martínez Martínez quién analiza en el sistema jurídico mexicano los distintos esquemas prestacionales del seguro de maternidad y la licencia de paternidad para identificar, a partir de los métodos analítico y comparado, sus principales omisiones, deficiencias y contravenciones.
Decolonization and the Cold War
Authors: McMahon Robert
Published: February 2024

Throughout the Cold War era, the United States and the Soviet Union frequently faced the dilemma of whether to recognize or to confer legitimacy upon armed insurgencies vying to overturn established civil authority. The superpower conflict, at once ideological and geopolitical, came to encompass the entire globe by the 1950s, with the Third World emerging as the chief zone of competition between the two superpowers--as well as the main source and site of non-state armed groups. The potential transformations of these armed groups into governments threatened to alter the prevailing balance of regional and global power. Policymakers in Washington and Moscow, consequently, needed to calculate carefully how the granting of de jure or de facto recognition to a particular armed insurgency, or the accordance of some form of legitimacy to it, might affect broader Cold War goals. Why did the United States and the Soviet Union, this essay asks, choose to recognize some insurgencies, deny recognition to others, and actively oppose still others? How, for their part, did these various armed, non-state actors seek to gain support, recognition, and legitimacy from one, or both, of the superpowers? What factors best explain their relative successes or failures in those endeavors? the present article explores those larger questions by focusing specifically on armed decolonization movements, arguably the most common and most consequential of the non-state, armed groups that emerged throughout the post-1945 period. In each of the cases examined here, the superpowers sought to shape the outcome of the decolonization struggle, offering, or withholding military support and diplomatic recognition as a weapon of influence. In each case, the aspiring national liberation movement deployed a combination of armed strength and diplomatic advocacy in a bid for legitimacy and recognition, seeing the support of one or both superpowers as instrumental to the overarching goal of full-fledged sovereignty and acceptance within the prevailing international state-based system.
Approaches in the Indonesian Maritime identity Construction
Authors: Putri Briliantina
Published: February 2024

As the largest archipelagic country in Southeast Asia, Indonesia is by nature surrounded by the seas and strategically situated between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Given this geographical circumstance, the Indonesian government claims that the country can be identified as a maritime nation. This article elaborates maritime identity construction in Indonesia by looking into constructed historical narratives of the country’s past maritime glory, and the policies taken by the Indonesian presidents in the maritime sector. The former signified the bottom-up approach in maritime identity construction, while the latter represented the top-down approach, underlining the role of state in maritime identity construction. The article concludes that Indonesia's maritime identity has evolved through different presidential eras, with President Joko Widodo's Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) vision marking an important milestone. The GMF not only influenced government priorities in national maritime sector but also shaped Indonesian government's perception of an increased global role in maritime affairs.
Use of English outside the classroom by students of the English Education Study Program
Authors: Lase Libertina
Published: February 2024

English is a widely used language in various countries. The purpose of this study is to determine whether students use English beyond the classroom and to identify reasons for not doing so, with a focus on speaking. The study utilizes a quantitative research method, involving descriptive statistical data analysis, with students from the English 2023 program as subjects. Data was collected through a Likert scale with 10 statements and reasons for not using English outside the classroom. Results indicate that 71 students used English outside of class, with lack of participation being the primary reason for those who did not. It is important for students to use English beyond the classroom to improve their speaking skills and vocabulary.
Redefining comorbidity understanding in rheumatoid arthritis through novel approaches using real-world data
Authors: Benavent Diego , Plasencia-Rodríguez Chamaida
Published: February 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent chronic disease that is associated with numerous comorbidities. Accurate assessment of these coexisting conditions, as reported by clinicians, is critical for an improved understanding of the impact of the disease and patient care. This perspective aims to evaluate the utility of real-world data (RWD) for enhancing the understanding of comorbidities in RA and to assess its potential in reshaping clinical management. RWD approaches, specifically the use of structured databases or data extracted from electronic health records, offer promising alternatives to overcome the limitations of traditional methodologies. Structured databases provide a systematic approach to data analysis, utilizing diagnosis codes to study large patient cohorts, revealing the prevalence of conditions, and demonstrating the potential for long-term disease trend analysis. Meanwhile, natural language processing (NLP) and artificial intelligence (AI) image analysis can bridge the gap between structured and unstructured data, by extracting meaningful information from unstructured fields such as free text or imaging. NLP has proven effective in the identification of RA patients and research outcomes, while AI image analysis has enabled the discovery of hidden findings in cardiovascular assessments, establishing a basis for the assessment of comorbidities in RA. However, while the benefits of using RWD are substantial, challenges remain. Ensuring comprehensive data capture, managing missing data, and improving data detection are key areas requiring attention. The involvement of clinicians and researchers in rheumatology is crucial in unlocking the potential of RWD studies, offering the promise of significant improvements in disease characterization and patient health outcomes.
RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI PENYEWAAN MOBIL ONLINE “EAZYRENT” BERBASIS WEBSITE
Authors: Geasela Yemima Monica , Lijadi Trinity , Tanria Devi , Drisella Tiffany , Dagara Brithany Russel
Published: February 2024

The world of technology is now more advanced and sophisticated, where technological developments are widely used to facilitate and support people in carrying out their every activity. Many activities and jobs are impacted by technological advances, one of which is in the world of rental. Car rental is a business entity in the field of four-wheeled vehicle rental services. This study aims to provide complete information to make it easier for users to use it, as well as build a car rental information system on the website so that car rental transactions and promotions can be carried out online and save users more time when it comes to car rentals without the need to come to the rental office in person. because in this day and age where technology is rapidly developing it changes the lifestyle of people who want a simple, easy-to-understand, quick-to-access, flexible, and efficient system that can be accessed anywhere. The purpose of this research is to build a web-based car rental information system on Eazyrent, with research boundaries that will include the process of entering car data, tenant data, and user data. This research was conducted using the waterfall model. It consists of several stages starting with a literature study, followed by determining the formulation of the problem, then analyzing the data that has been collected, discussing the research results in the form of dataflow such as decomposition diagrams, context diagrams, system pages, and testing. After discussing the results, the study was closed with conclusions and suggestions. The results of this study can be concluded that by building an information system it can become a liaison between tenants and Eazyrent users, and can accommodate all the data information needed by users when using Eazyrent, so that it makes it easier for users.
صراع ممالك الزيلع مع نصارى الأحباش
Authors: مصطفى المصدور أمل
Published: February 2024

من المعروف إن بوادر ألاتصال بين العرب وساحل الشرقي لإفريقية يعود إلى فترة غائرة في القدم، وعند ظهور الإسلام وانتشاره غذى هذه العلاقات والهجرات إلى تلك الديار.

     لعبت الأحداث في بلاد الحجاز وخاصة السياسية منها دوراً في استمرار الهجرات إلى الساحل الشرقي لإفريقيا ،واستوطنوا واستقر بهم الحال ، وما أن حل القرن السابع الهجري حتى أستطاع هؤلاء المهاجرين من تكوين إمارات وممالك إسلامية في بلاد الزيلع ، عُرفت عند مؤرخين تلك الفترة بممالك الطراز ، فهى على حافة البحر كطراز له ، ولكن محور بحثي عن الدور الريادي لهذه الممالك المتمثل في  الجهاد ضد نصارى الأحباش ، والمحافظة على نشر الدين الإسلامي والصراع من أجل البقاء والمحافظة على الوجود الإسلامي في تلك البقعة من الأرض.
الشعور بالوحدة النفسية وفقاً لبعض المتغيرات الديمغرافية لدى عينة من كبار السن بمدينة بنغازي
Authors: محمد عبدالمالك محمود د.خديجة
Published: February 2024

هدفت الدراسة الحالية للتعرف على مستوى الشعور بالوحدة النفسية لدى عينة من كبار السن بمدينة بنغازي المصابون بالأمراض السيكوسوماتية ، والتعرف على الفروق العائدة للـ ( النوع -العمر - المهنة - المستوى التعليمي - الحالة الاجتماعية - نوع المرض ) في الشعور بالوحدة النفسية لدى عينة الدراسة . وتكونت العينة من (100 ) فرد مصاب بالإمراض السيكوسوماتية( الضغط-السكر)  . وتم استخدام مقياس الشعور بالوحدة النفسية إعداد راسيل  Russell1996 تعريب وتقنين مجدي محمد الدسوقي . وأشارت النتائج إلى ان مستوى الشعور بالوحدة النفسية منخفض لدى عينة الدراسة ، وانه لا توجد فروق عائدة للنوع والعمر  ونوع المرض والحالة الاجتماعية والمستوى التعليمي والمهنة .
Analisis Pelanggaran Postulat Audit dalam Kasus Audit Laporan Keuangan PT Garuda Indonesia Tahun 2018
Authors: Boedihardjo Damianus Christian , Ardini Lilis
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelanggaran postulat audit yang terjadi dalam kasus audit laporan keuangan PT. Garuda Indonesia pada tahun 2018. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis dokumen dan literatur terkait dengan audit laporan keuangan serta studi kasus PT Garuda Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa pelanggaran postulat audit yang dapat mempengaruhi keandalan laporan keuangan perusahaan tersebut. Pelanggaran tersebut mencakup aspek materialitas, substansi ekonomi, kehati-hatian, kelengkapan, dan konsistensi. Beberapa faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap pelanggaran tersebut antara lain kebijakan akuntansi yang kurang transparan, kelemahan dalam sistem pengendalian internal, dan konflik kepentingan yang mungkin mempengaruhi independensi auditor. Implikasi dari pelanggaran postulat audit ini dapat merugikan kepercayaan para pemangku kepentingan, seperti investor, kreditor, dan pihak yang terkait. Penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman lebih lanjut tentang dinamika pelanggaran postulat audit dalam konteks kasus PT. Garuda Indonesia pada tahun 2018 dan menyoroti pentingnya peningkatan transparansi, pengendalian internal yang kuat, dan independensi auditor dalam mendukung integritas laporan keuangan perusahaan. Studi ini juga memberikan landasan bagi penelitian lebih lanjut dalam upaya meningkatkan praktik audit dan kepercayaan publik terhadap informasi keuangan perusahaan.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS DITINJAU DARI SELF-CONFIDENCE SISWA SMK KATOLIK St. YOSEPH SOA
Authors: Dede Maria Irvania , Aje Ariswan Usman , Naja Finsensius Yesekiel
Published: February 2024

This study aims to determine how the mathematical problem-solving abilities of MA/SMA/SMK students in terms of self-confidence of students who focus on trigonometry material. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive method. The subjects in this study were students of class X SMK Catholic St. Joseph Soa. The sampling technique used is the purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques in this study were tests, questionnaires and interviews. The research instrument used was a test of mathematical problem-solving ability in the form of descriptions, self-confidence questionnaires and interview sheets. The data analysis technique uses questionnaire analysis, questions, interviews and data analysis (data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions). The results showed that the self-confidence of the tenth graders of SMK Catholic St. Yoseph Soa is divided into three, namely high, medium and low. The mathematical problem-solving ability of students with a high level of self-confidence is able to meet the four problem-solving indicators according to Polya. The mathematical problem-solving ability of students with moderate self-confidence is only able to meet indicators 1, 2 and 3. The problem-solving ability of students with low self-confidence is not able to meet the four problem-solving indicators according to Polya.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS VIII MTsN 2 KERINCI
Authors: Amelia Nurul , Yulia Putri
Published: February 2024

Low mathematical problem-solving abilities can affect student learning outcomes. This study aims to determine the mathematical problem-solving skills of class VIII students of MTsN 2 Kerinci on relations and functions. The subjects in this study were students of class VII I MTsN 2 Kerinci which consisted of 21 students in one class. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. The instrument used in this research is a test of mathematical problem-solving ability. To determine the level of students' mathematical problem-solving abilities, guidelines are used which are modified from Mawaddah & Anisah's research namely the formula used to determine student scores and categories of problem-solving ability assessment results. From the results of the analysis of the data obtained, it can be concluded that the ability to solve students' mathematical problems is still in the low category. This is to the results of the questions done by students on the material relations and functions in the form of story questions where only 9.5% of students out of 21 students got quite good categories, and the rest got bad and very poor categories.
KREDIT PT PNM MEKAR DALAM PENGEMBANGAN USAHA PEDAGANG KECIL
Authors: Hafid Radia , Ilato Rosman , Marwa Marwa
Published: February 2024

The community is still having difficulty in capital to develop small merchant businesses so that they are still lacking in small traders business so that to develop a small trader business in Binontoan Village, North Tolitoli District, it requires additional capital to develop its business through PT PNM Mekar. in obtaining additional capital to increase its business. Study using the exptr facto method. This study aims to know the effect of credit of PT PNM Mekar on small traders business development in Binontoan Village. PT PNM Mekar has a positive and significant effect on small traders businesses in Binontoan Village, Tolitoli sub-district. PT PNM Mekar is able to contribute to or affect 41.2% of the small traders bussines development in Binontoan Village, Tolitoli Utara sub-district is not only affected by credit of PT PNM Mekar. The remaining 0.588 or 58.8% is affected by other factors which are not examined in this study, such as buyer factor, businnes site and environmental factor, and competitor factor. The correlation between credit of PT PNM Mekar and the small traders business develoment in Binontoan Villlage,Tolitoli Utara sub-distict can be observed from the result of the correlation coefficient of 0.642. this means that 64.2% of the small traders business develoment in Binontoan Village, Tolitoli Utara sub-distrct, is determined by credit of PT PNM Mekar. Thids value shows that there is a strong correlation between credit of PT PNM Mekar and the small traders business development.
DEFINE THE ROLE AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Ali Basyah Nazaruddin , Fahmi Irham
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this paper is to shed more light on the potential small and medium enterprise sector. In the discussion, small business will be seen in a broader sense and focus not only on small and medium enterprises, but also on the small and medium enterprise sector. This research seeks to explain the potential benefits of this sector. The paper explains why to be a small enterprise and what the real impact of the small and medium enterprise sector can be on economic growth and development if supported by the right government and business environment. The small and medium enterprise sector is one of the important factors of economic growth. The small and medium enterprise sector has very different characteristics from large enterprises. However, what is less understood is why the economy actually needs so many small firms and why they are so important. This journal article summarises why this sector is considered strategic and what makes it so valuable for economic growth and development and can increase competitiveness in national and regional economies.
A Study on the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on the Knowledge of Water Birth
Authors: Baljeet Kaur1, Vajinder Singh
Published: February 2024

Child birth is always challenging. It is not a small thing to bring a new soul into the world and not a small thing to suffer so that another may have life. Instead of more Natural birth has always allowed for a woman to keep her power and her strength for the birth. Water birth allows less pain and less suffering and nurtures one’s belief in oneself. So, this study aimed at assessing and giving knowledge on water birth among staff nurses. The Research Design selected for the study was Pre-experimental one group pre test and post test design. The study was conducted on 60 staff nurses in maternity wards of selected hospitals using convenience sampling technique. The Pilot study was conducted on 14 staff nurses. Reliability of tool was computed by using Karl Pearson formula. The reliability of the tool was 0.96.On the first day pre-test was taken by using structured knowledge questionnaire followed by structured teaching programme. After one week of structured teaching programme post test was taken.In pre- test majority of staff nurses 58 (97%) had poor knowledge, and 2(3%) had average knowledge. But in the post test it was observed that most of staff nurses 35(58.33%) had good knowledge, and 25(41.66%) staff nurses had average knowledge. From this score it can be clearly concluded that staff nurses had inadequate knowledge regarding water birth before administration of structured teaching programme.
Substance Use and Rave Parties – Global Scenario
Authors: Rinki Ghosh
Published: February 2024

Across the country, teens and young adults enjoy all-night dance parties known as “raves”. Following the craze in the Western countries, rave parties have in recent years become trendy amongst youngsters. Dangerous substances known collectively as club drugs-including Ecstasy, GHB, and Rohypnol are gaining popularity. Although users may think these substances are harmless, research has shown that club drugs can produce a range of unwanted effects, including hallucinations, paranoia, amnesia, and, in some cases death. Apart from causing health hazards to the users concerned, the associated physiological and psychological effects manifested upon taking the drug(s) often induce abnormal behaviour, which in turn poses a threat to other people at the party. It is known that triads have been making their presence at a number of raves and criminal activities such as selling drugs at the venue, bringing weapons into the venue and sex crimes have become major concerns. These substances whether taken voluntarily or by deceit leave women vulnerable to sexual assault and rape. As protectors of public health and safety, Governmental bodies, notably the Narcotics Division are taking effective measures to help solve the problem