bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Sudden Cardiac Death Prediction Model for the General Population
Authors: Deo Rajat , Norby Faye L. , Katz Ronit , Sotoodehnia Nona , Adabag Selcuk , DeFilippi Christopher R. , Kestenbaum Bryan , Chen Lin Y. , Heckbert Susan R. , Folsom Aaron R. , Kronmal Richard A. , Konety Suma , Patton Kristen K. , Siscovick David , Shlipak Michael G. , Alonso Alvaro
Published: August 2016

Background:

Most sudden cardiac death (SCD) events occur in the general population among persons who do not have any prior history of clinical heart disease. We sought to develop a predictive model of SCD among US adults.

Methods:

We evaluated a series of demographic, clinical, laboratory, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic measures in participants in the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) (n=13 677) and the CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) (n=4207) who were free of baseline cardiovascular disease. Our initial objective was to derive a SCD prediction model using the ARIC cohort and validate it in CHS. Independent risk factors for SCD were first identified in the ARIC cohort to derive a 10-year risk model of SCD. We compared the prediction of SCD with non-SCD and all-cause mortality in both the derivation and validation cohorts. Furthermore, we evaluated whether the SCD prediction equation was better at predicting SCD than the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Cardiovascular Disease Pooled Cohort risk equation.

Results:

There were a total of 345 adjudicated SCD events in our analyses, and the 12 independent risk factors in the ARIC study included age, male sex, black race, current smoking, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medication, diabetes mellitus, serum potassium, serum albumin, high-density lipoprotein, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and QT
c
interval. During a 10-year follow-up period, a model combining these risk factors showed good to excellent discrimination for SCD risk (c-statistic 0.820 in ARIC and 0.745 in CHS). The SCD prediction model was slightly better in predicting SCD than the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Pooled Cohort risk equations (c-statistic 0.808 in ARIC and 0.743 in CHS). Only the SCD prediction model, however, demonstrated similar and accurate prediction for SCD using both the original, uncalibrated score and the recalibrated equation. Finally, in the echocardiographic subcohort, a left ventricular ejection fraction <50% was present in only 1.1% of participants and did not enhance SCD prediction.

Conclusions:

Our study is the first to derive and validate a generalizable risk score that provides well-calibrated, absolute risk estimates across different risk strata in an adult population of white and black participants without a clinical diagnosis of cardiovascular disease.
Orthodox Old Belief: Edinoverie as a Movement for Religious Rejuvenation in the Russian Church, 1905–1918
Authors: White James
Published: August 2016

This article will analyze edinoverie reform in the early twentieth century. Edinoverie was a uniate movement that joined former Old Believer schismatics to the Orthodox Church. Its unique position between the Church and the schism led to a feeling of insecurity and alienation from the ecclesiastical administration among the edinovertsy: in 1905, this culminated in an attempt to reform the bases of edinoverie. A party of edinovertsy led by Father Simeon Shleev proposed an alternative vision of Orthodoxy wherein edinoverie’s Old Believer legacy would be used to rejuvenate the Church and even Russia itself. However, like some of the other ecclesiastical reform movements with which Shleev’s party was connected, edinoverie reform failed to come to fruition because of the hostile atmosphere of Church politics between 1905 and 1918 and the long-standing problems within edinoverie itself.
The Qazaqs and the Central Asian Principalities in the 18th and the First Half of the 19th Centuries
Authors: Tulibayeva Zhuldyz
Published: August 2016

The purpose of the article is the introduction and critical study of new materials about Qazaq political and commercial relations with the Central Asian khanates. This article is primarily based on the Bukharan narrative sources as well as archival documents in the Turkic and Russian languages from the Central State Archives of Kazakhstan (Almaty), which contain material not yet analyzed from our perspective. These primary sources contain the most important and comprehensive information on the various aspects of the history of the Qazaqs and their relations with the Central Asian principalities in the 18th and the first half of the 19th centuries. Relations between Qazaq khans and other Central Asian khanates took various forms. The periods of military conflict between Qazaq Jüzes and Central Asian khanates and mutual attacks alternated with periods of peaceful neighbourly relations. Some Qazaq khans and sultans found in the Central Asian khanates a refuge from their pursuers; others maintained vassal relations with the Central Asian states.
Birth of Uyghur National History in Semirech’ye
Authors: Kamalov Ablet
Published: August 2016

The article discusses the birth of a national historical discourse in Central Asia at the turn of the 20th century with special reference to the Taranchi Turks of Russian Semirech’ye (Zhetissu) and early example of Uyghur national history written by the Taranchi intellectual Näzärγoja Abdusemätov (d. 1951). The article shows how intellectuals among the Taranchi Turks, an ethnic group who settled in the Semirech’ye oblast of the Russian Empire in late 19th century, became involved in debates on nations and national history organized on the pages of the Tatar newspapers and journals in the Volga region of Russia. Näzärγoja Abdusemätov’s published workIli Taranchi Türklirining tarihi(‘History of the Taranchi Turks of Ili’) receives particular attention as part of an examination of the evolution of the author’s ideas about an Uyghur nation.
Predictability and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification Deduced from High-Resolution Stochastic Ensembles
Authors: Judt Falko , Chen Shuyi S.
Published: August 2016

Rapid intensification (RI) of tropical cyclones (TCs) remains one of the most challenging issues in TC prediction. This study investigates the predictability of RI, the uncertainty in predicting RI timing, and the dynamical processes associated with RI. To address the question of environmental versus internal control of RI, five high-resolution ensembles of Hurricane Earl (2010) were generated with scale-dependent stochastic perturbations from synoptic to convective scales. Although most members undergo RI and intensify into major hurricanes, the timing of RI is highly uncertain. While environmental conditions including SST control the maximum TC intensity and the likelihood of RI during the TC lifetime, both environmental and internal factors contribute to uncertainty in RI timing. Complex interactions among environmental vertical wind shear, the mean vortex, and internal convective processes govern the TC intensification process and lead to diverse pathways to maturity. Although the likelihood of Earl undergoing RI seems to be predictable, the exact timing of RI has a stochastic component and low predictability.

Despite RI timing uncertainty, two dominant modes of RI emerged. One group of members undergoes RI early in the storm life cycle; the other one later. In the early RI cases, a rapidly contracting radius of maximum wind accompanies the development of the eyewall during RI. The late RI cases have a well-developed eyewall prior to RI, while an upper-level warm core forms during the RI process. These differences indicate that RI is associated with distinct physical processes during particular stages of the TC life cycle.
“Staying out of Trouble” and Doing What Is “Right”
Authors: Bloemraad Irene , Sarabia Heidy , Fillingim Angela E.
Published: August 2016

This article asks whether parents’ legal status as noncitizens or undocumented migrants leads U.S.-born youth to engage in active, compensatory political and civic participation or whether parents’ legal exclusion generates apolitical, even alienated views of citizenship. Drawing on 54 in-depth interviews conducted over a 2-year period with 40 teenagers from Mexican-origin immigrant families living in the San Francisco Bay area, we find no evidence of widespread apathy or disengagement. Many youth participated in rallies on behalf of immigrant rights, and many were engaged in community groups, volunteer efforts, or even political action, irrespective of parents’ status. However, youths’ views on “good citizenship” did hint at community-level effects of illegality: Some young people have internalized a “don’t rock the boat” notion of citizenship as staying out of trouble. At the same time, others redefined citizenship to include noncitizen parents. We conclude that the children of immigrants—especially those with unauthorized parents—face dual demands: There is pressure to “stay out of trouble” and stay quiet to protect their families, but these young people’s birthright citizenship also provides rights and standing to make claims on behalf of family members lacking formal voice in the political system.
Impact of Preexisting Vascular Disease on the Outcome of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: Insights From the Comparison of Bioactive Stent to the Everolimus-Eluting Stent in Acute Coronary Syndrome Trial
Authors: Nammas Wail , Airaksinen Juhani K. E. , Romppanen Hannu , Sia Jussi , de Belder Adam , Karjalainen Pasi P.
Published: August 2016

The Comparison of Bioactive-Stent to the Everolimus-Eluting Stent in Acute Coronary Syndrome (BASE-ACS) trial demonstrated an outcome of titanium-nitride-oxide-coated bioactive stents (BAS) non-inferior to everolimus-eluting stents (EES) in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We performed a post hoc analysis of the BASE-ACS trial in patients with, versus those without, preexisting vascular disease. We randomized 827 patients (1:1) presenting with ACS to receive either BAS or EES. The primary end point was major adverse cardiac events (MACE): a composite of cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization (TLR). A total of 169 (20.4%) patients had preexisting vascular disease. Median follow-up was 5.0 years. The incidence of MACE was higher in patients with, versus those without, preexisting vascular disease (22.5% vs 13.5%, respectively, P = .004). This was driven by more frequent cardiac death and non-fatal MI (5.9% vs 2.4% and 11.8% vs 5.5%, P = .02 and P = .003, respectively). The rates of ischemia-driven TLR were comparable ( P > .05). All events were comparable between the 2 matched-pair subgroups ( P > .05 for all). In patients treated with early percutaneous coronary intervention for ACS, the long-term outcome was worse in patients with, versus those without, preexisting vascular disease.
The Development of MST Test Information for the Prediction of Test Performances
Authors: Park Ryoungsun , Kim Jiseon , Chung Hyewon , Dodd Barbara G.
Published: August 2016

The current study proposes novel methods to predict multistage testing (MST) performance without conducting simulations. This method, called MST test information, is based on analytic derivation of standard errors of ability estimates across theta levels. We compared standard errors derived analytically to the simulation results to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method in both measurement precision and classification accuracy. The results indicate that the MST test information effectively predicted the performance of MST. In addition, the results of the current study highlighted the relationship among the test construction, MST design factors, and MST performance.
Effects of Floor Plan Openness on Eating Behaviors
Authors: Rollings Kimberly A. , Wells Nancy M.
Published: August 2016

A repeated-measures study, conducted with 57 college students in a research kitchen-dining area, examined effects of floor plan openness on eating behaviors. Openness was manipulated via folding screens placed in an open plan kitchen-dining area to simulate separate, enclosed kitchen and dining spaces. Effects of the open floor plan, characterized by greater visibility and convenience of food access when compared with the closed floor plan, on three eating behaviors were examined during a buffet-style meal. Eating behaviors included number of serving trips to the buffet, amount served, and amount consumed. Regression analyses indicated that openness significantly, directly influenced the number of serving trips. Food serving trips and amount served also serially mediated the relation between floor plan openness and amount consumed, suggesting that floor plan openness may indirectly affect consumption. Results have implications for floor plan design and creating healthier interior eating environments.
Montale as postmodernist
Authors: Gazzola Giuseppe
Published: August 2016

The article considers primarily Montale’s fourth book, Satura (1971), and interrogates the connections between the new direction of Montale’s poetry and the scientific and philosophical trends of the 1950s and 1960s. To describe Montale’s late work as postmodernist is to measure the self-conscious distancing of his poetics from the writing of the first three volumes: the poetic voice of Satura explores the dialectic relationship between modern and postmodern. The common postmodernist annulments – the end of ideology, the end of history, the end of authorial presence, the distinction between high and low culture – all play a role in Satura’s composition. The article includes a discussion of Cesare Vasoli’s Tra cultura e ideologia as an important source to explain Montale’s suspension of poetic output as a symptom of the political and philosophical disillusionment he experienced during the years of the reconstruction and the economic boom. Using the latter text as a guide, the article analyzes one of the most hermeneutically complex poems of Satura, ‘Dialogo’.
Fatal ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in an anonymous egg donor
Authors: Pooniya Shashank , Behera C , Mridha AR , Bhardwaj DN , Millo Tabin
Published: August 2016

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is a rare, but potentially life-threatening iatrogenic disorder arising from ovulation induction or ovarian hyperstimulation for assisted reproduction techniques. We report a case of a 26-year-old multiparous woman, an anonymous egg donor, who died a few hours after undergoing a procedure to donate eggs at an in vitro fertilization clinic. Her husband alleged that medical negligence had led to her death. The autopsy confirmed death due to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. We know of no previous descriptions of fatal ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in an anonymous egg donor in medico-legal literature.
Assessing wheat production futures in the Ukraine
Authors: Ryabchenko O , Nonhebel S
Published: August 2016

In future decades, the global demand for cereals will increase due to growing demand for food and feed and use of cereal crops as a source for biofuels. Some studies on cereal production within Europe have identified the Ukraine as a country with a large potential to increase production. However, the Ukraine is widely known for its high-quality soils, but its yield is relatively low. In principle, two routes for production growth exist: increasing yield (intensification) and/or converting more land into production (expansion). In this study, an assessment of the potential levels of wheat production that could be attained in the Ukraine at a regional level have been derived as well as quantifying the optimal levels of fertilizer application needed. The study identifies why farmers currently have low levels of motivation to intensify production and the reasons for increasing land using efficiency.
Application of CSM-CERES-Maize model in optimizing irrigated conditions
Authors: Mubeen Muhammad , Ahmad Ashfaq , Wajid Aftab , Khaliq Tasneem , Hammad Hafiz Mohkum , Sultana Syeda Refat , Ahmad Shakeel , Fahad Shah , Nasim Wajid
Published: August 2016

Maize is one of the main cereal crops in Pakistan with sensitivity to drought at various developmental stages known to influence the yield. The impact of variable weather conditions on maize yield can be analyzed with crop simulation models. The CSM-CERES-Maize model has been widely used to assess irrigation strategies for maize. This research was conducted to test the CSM-CERES-Maize model for its ability to accurately predict maize biomass and grain yield under water limiting and non-limiting conditions in semiarid conditions. Four growth stage-based irrigation treatments and two potential soil moisture deficit-based treatments were defined. During model calibration, the simulated maximum leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter (TDM), and grain yield were all within 10% of observed values. During model evaluation, there was generally satisfactory agreement between observed and simulated values for two hybrids (Monsanto-919 and Pioneer-30Y87) with the model showing variability of −17.9–20.0%, −9.2–14.3%, and −19.6–19.9% for maximum LAI, TDM, and grain yield, respectively, for the two hybrids among various treatments. The CERES-Maize model was useful in providing information to decision-making regarding diverse irrigation regimes at the farm level in a semiarid environment.
Influence of personal protective equipment on the performance of life-saving interventions by emergency medical service personnel
Authors: Kim Tae Han , Kim Chu Hyun , Shin Sang Do , Haam Sunnie
Published: August 2016

Prompt live-saving interventions, such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), intravenous cannulation (IVC), and endotracheal intubation (ETI), are important for severely injured victims of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) disasters. Interventions sometime have to be performed by emergency medical service (EMS) personnel with personal protective equipment (PPE) worn in warm zones. We designed a randomized crossover simulation aimed to compare the performance of life-saving interventions in repetitive simulation of single-rescuer resuscitation wearing level-C PPE in the warm zone of a CBRN disaster. The success rate and completion time of IVC and ETI according to the presence of PPE were compared. The quality of 4-minute single-rescuer CPR was measured and compared as well. We found that the performance level of life-saving interventions performed in a simulated setting of disaster decreased when performed by EMS personnel wearing level-C PPE. Further efforts of optimizing current PPE for EMS personnel based on this study are needed.
The Effect of Value-Creation on Consumer-Based Destination Brand Equity
Authors: Frías Jamilena Dolores María , Polo Peña Ana Isabel , Rodríguez Molina Miguel Ángel
Published: August 2016

The present work examines the competitive strategies of tourist destinations and proposes that value-creation among tourists during their entire experience of a destination (before, during, and after their stay) is an antecedent of increased destination brand equity. This value-creation is conceptualized and measured from the service-dominant logic perspective. The research objective is achieved by (a) identifying the dimensions of customer-based destination brand equity and tourist value-creation; (b) validating the scales generated for the measurement of both variables; and (c) proposing a model that captures the antecedent effect of value-creation on customer-based destination brand equity. The findings reveal that value-creation is an antecedent by which the customer perceives greater destination brand equity. The results of the study make a contribution to the specialized literature on tourism and service-dominant logic and offer interesting implications for the professional domain.
Historical Memory at El Salvador’s Museo de la Palabra y la Imagen
Authors: Sierra Becerra Diana Carolina
Published: August 2016

The civil war in El Salvador (1980–1992) resulted in the death of approximately 75,000 people, the vast majority killed by state and paramilitary forces. In the postwar era, the Museo de la Palabra y la Imagen in San Salvador promotes historical memory in order to denounce state violence and advance social justice. It departs from the historic role of museums in upholding ruling-class hegemony and offers a progressive model for disseminating and critically engaging with historical memory. This museum makes history relevant to younger generations through the use of oral history, popular pedagogy, and innovative engagement strategies. However, its impact is limited by neoliberal atomization and relatively low levels of grassroots mobilization—common obstacles faced by popular education initiatives around the world.

La guerra civil en el El Salvador (1980–1992) causó la muerte de aproximadamente 75,000 personas, la mayoría asesinadas por el Estado y las fuerzas paramilitares. En la posguerra, el Museo de la Palabra y la Imagen en San Salvador promueve la memoria histórica para denunciar la violencia del Estado e impulsar la justicia social. Se aparta, entonces, del papel histórico de los museos como defensores de la hegemonía de la clase dominante al usar un modelo progresista para diseminar y examinar de forma crítica la memoria histórica. Por medio del uso de la historia oral, la pedagogía popular y varias estrategias de participación innovadoras, el museo trata de que la historia sea algo relevante para las generaciones más jóvenes. Sin embargo, su impacto es limitado debido a la atomización neoliberal y a los niveles relativamente bajos de movilización popular –obstáculos que comparte con otras iniciativas de educación popular alrededor del mundo.
Indigenous Peoples, Social Movements, and the Legacy of Hugo Chávez’s Governments
Authors: Angosto-Ferrández Luis F.
Published: August 2016

The unprecedented enfranchisement of Venezuela’s indigenous population is partly a result of the formation of a state-sponsored indigenous movement. This movement prioritizes access to social services, economic development, and political participation in state structures over certain goals of free determination. Other forms of collective action with different priorities are evidence of the existence of diverging interests and goals among indigenous people. These divergences are a reflection of the way in which the indigenous population partakes in the shaping of contemporary Venezuelan politics.

La inclusión social de las comunidades indígenas de Venezuela no tiene precedentes y se debe, en parte, a la formación de movimientos indígenas auspiciados por el estado. Estos movimientos le dan prioridad al acceso a los servicios sociales, al desarrollo económico y a la participación política en las estructuras estatales por encima de ciertas metas de libre determinación. Otras formas de acción colectiva con prioridades diferentes revelan la presencia/existencia de intereses y objetivos divergentes entre las comunidades indígenas. Estas diferencias son un reflejo de la manera en que las poblaciones indígenas participan en la formación de la política venezolana contemporánea.
C’est La Vie! The Game of Social Life
Authors: Bramesfeld Kosha D. , Good Arla
Published: August 2016

In this article, we present the results of two studies that evaluated an experiential intersectionality awareness activity, C’est La Vie: The Game of Social Life. For Study 1 ( N = 55), we content analyzed students’ short answer responses about inequality written before and after playing C’est La Vie. Study 2 compared a C’est La Vie treatment group ( N = 179) to a lecture-as-usual control condition ( N = 64). Across both studies, playing C’est La Vie was associated with an expanded awareness of privilege and structural inequality. Follow-up analyses with a subset of Study 2 control participants ( N = 27) established that participants who were originally in the control group experienced gains in awareness of privilege and structural inequality (relative to pretest and the lecture-as-usual) only after being exposed to C’est La Vie. The results are interpreted within the context of an intersectionality framework.
Talk of the Devil: Unpacking the Language of New Testament Satanology
Authors: Farrar Thomas J. , Williams Guy J.
Published: August 2016

This article builds from the count of NT Satan references produced in ‘Diabolical Data’: A Critical Inventory of New Testament Satanology’ (JSNT 39.1). Linguistic-statistical tools unveil the literary distribution of Satan language across NT writings, showing Satan to be ‘topical’ in 14/27 NT books and following a fairly even distribution, correlated to word count. Satan is a consistent feature within NT discourse, characterized by very rich language but also a consolidation of that language through the use of synonyms. The coherence of the NT portrait of Satan stands out from the inconstant and loosely connected Satan language of Second Temple Judaism, suggesting a new departure in early Christianity. The implications of this ‘Satanology’ are considered for wider projects in NT studies, for the history of religions and hermeneutics. The problem this study sets for future interpreters is that of exploring and explaining the distinctive nature of NT Satanology both in its context and for today’s readers.
Implications of systematic nominator missingness for peer nomination data
Authors: Babcock Ben , Marks Peter E. L. , van den Berg Yvonne H. M. , Cillessen Antonius H. N.
Published: August 2016

Missing data are a persistent problem in psychological research. Peer nomination data present a unique missing data problem, because a nominator’s nonparticipation results in missing data for other individuals in the study. This study examined the range of effects of systematic nonparticipation on the correlations between peer nomination data when nominators with various levels of popularity and social preference are missing. Results showed that, compared to completely random nominator missingness, systematic missingness of raters based on popularity had a significant impact on the correlations between various peer nomination variables. Systematic missingness based on social preference had a smaller impact. These results demonstrate varying (and potentially large) effects of systematically missing nominators on studies using nomination data. It is important that researchers using peer nomination data explore whether nominators are missing in any sort of systematic way and include these results as part of each study. Future research into the nature of systematic nominator missingness could make it possible to use advanced methodologies, such as multiple imputation, in an attempt to minimize the issues associated with systematic missingness.
Living à la mode
Authors: Prozorov Sergei
Published: August 2016

The publication of The Use of Bodies, the final volume in Giorgio Agamben’s Homo Sacer series, makes it possible to take stock of Agamben’s project as a whole. Having started with a powerful critique of the biopolitical sovereignty as the essence of modern politics, Agamben concludes his project with an affirmative vision of inoperative politics of form-of-life, in which life is not negated or sacrificed to the privileged form it must attain, but rather remains inseparable from the form that does nothing but express it. The article begins by reconstituting the non-relational logic that Agamben develops in order to render inoperative the existing apparatuses of ontology, ethics and politics. We then address the dimension of lifestyle as a new key domain of Agamben’s work, in which biopolitics may be recast in an affirmative key of form-of-life. While Agamben is better known for sceptical and scornful statements about contemporary liberal democracies, we shall argue that his affirmative biopolitics, characterized by destituent power, resonates with Claude Lefort’s understanding of democracy as structured around the ontological void and epistemic indeterminacy. In the conclusion we question the viability of this biopolitical democracy, focusing on Agamben’s example of the Nocturnal Council in Plato’s Laws.
Assessment of Cardiac Troponin I Responses in Nonhuman Primates during Restraint, Blood Collection, and Dosing in Preclinical Safety Studies
Authors: Reagan William J. , Barnes Robert , Harris Peter , Summers Sandy , Lopes Sarah , Stubbs Makeida , Blackwell David , Steidl-Nichols Jill
Published: August 2016

Limited information has been published on the use of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) as a biomarker of cardiac injury in monkeys. The purpose of these studies was to characterize the cTnI response seen in cynomolgus macaques during routine dosing and blood collection procedures typically used in preclinical safety studies and to better understand the pathogenesis of this response. We measured cTnI using two different methods, the Siemens Immulite cTnI assay and the more sensitive Siemens Troponin I-Ultra assay. We were able to demonstrate that after oral, subcutaneous, or intravenous dosing of common vehicles, as well as serial chair restraint for venipuncture blood collection, that minimal to mild transient increases in cTnI could be detected in monkeys with both assays. cTnI values typically peaked at 2, 3, 4, or 6 hr after sham dosing and returned to baseline at 22 or 24 hr. In addition, marked increases in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) occurred in monkeys during the restraint procedures, which likely initiated the cTnI release in these animals. Monkeys that were very well acclimated to the chairing procedures and had vascular access ports for blood sampling did not have marked increases in HRs and BP or increases in cTnI.
Crisis as dislocation in global politics
Authors: Nabers Dirk
Published: August 2016

The article asks how it is possible to conceptualize the ‘crisis of the social’, and how one can best understand the relationship between crisis and social change in global politics. In doing so, it draws on the notion of dislocation to conceptualize crisis as a lack, deficiency or failure in the social fabric. The theoretical approach builds on the work of the late political theorist Ernesto Laclau and his co-authored work with Chantal Mouffe. Two illustrative sections will develop the theoretical model further on the basis of four interrelated and mutually constitutive elements: sedimented practices and dislocation on the one hand, as well as antagonism and the institutionalization within a so-called imaginary on the other. On this basis of an in-depth theoretical analysis, the article will summarize some crucial aspects regarding the nexus between crisis and social change and their implications for the study of global politics.
How do emerging adults respond to exercise advice from parents? A test of advice response theory
Authors: Guntzviller Lisa M. , Ratcliff Chelsea L. , Dorsch Travis E. , Osai Keith V.
Published: August 2016

Advice response theory (ART) proposes advisor characteristics, advice politeness, and advice content impact recipient perceptions of advice quality, their intention to implement the advice, and their coping. However, ART has primarily been examined in friend-to-friend advising on academic, romantic, or social issues. To test ART in an understudied relational and topical context, emerging adults ( N = 196, aged 18–28 years) were surveyed about physical activity or exercise advice they received from a parent. Current findings supported propositions about advisor characteristics and politeness, and parent–child relational elements were particularly salient. Emerging adults satisfied with their parent–child relationship rated all advice features and outcomes more favorably, and participants who reported their parents conveyed that the participant was approved of, competent, and likeable rated all outcomes more favorably. Counter to ART predictions, emerging adults displayed psychological reactance to certain message content features, responding favorably to advice they perceived to propose an efficacious solution but reacting negatively to advice perceived to emphasize their capability of performing the action and the lack of drawbacks in doing so (especially when feelings of obligation were high). ART propositions about advisor characteristics and politeness may hold across advice situations, but the parent–child dynamic during emerging adulthood and inherent face threat for health influence attempts may explain why certain formulations of advice messages elicited responses inconsistent with ART.
Histologic and Immunohistochemical Characterization of Pheochromocytomas in 20 Clouded Leopards (Neofelis nebulosa)
Authors: Corner S. , Walsh T. , Padilla L. , MacNeill A. , Wallig M. , Kiupel M. , Terio K.
Published: August 2016

Clouded leopards in North American zoological institutions have a high frequency of pheochromocytomas and were identified in 32 of 70 (45%) animals necropsied. Archival sections of adrenal gland from 20 adult clouded leopards with unilateral or bilateral pheochromocytomas collected between 1984 and 2011 were examined by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry, and case demographics were reviewed. Affected leopards were older than 10 years of age (mean, 16 years; range, 11–19 years), and males were overrepresented (12 males, 8 females). Pedigree analysis yielded no evidence for heritability. Five clouded leopards had bilateral neoplasms. Pheochromocytoma was the cause of death due to invasion of the caudal vena cava and fatal hemorrhage in 4 cases. Most pheochromocytomas were well-demarcated, nodular, and expansile masses composed of cords and packets of neoplastic polygonal cells. Five pheochromocytomas had vascular invasion, of which 4 resulted in hemorrhage that was the cause of death. One of the latter pheochromocytomas also had pulmonary metastasis. Ultrastructurally, neoplastic cells had cytoplasmic structures consistent with both norepinephrine- and epinephrine-containing granules. In all cases, neoplasms were immunohistochemically positive for chromogranin A, protein gene product 9.5, and synaptophysin. A subset of neoplasms evaluated by tissue microarray were positive for met-enkephalin and β-endorphin and negative for melan-A. Histologically, 7 of 20 (35%) clouded leopards with pheochromocytomas had retinal detachment, retinal degeneration, or intramyocardial muscular arteriosclerosis, suggestive of hypertension. Pheochromocytomas can cause mortality and may be a source of clinically significant hypertension in clouded leopards. These neoplasms share similar histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural characteristics with those of other species.
Zombie projects, negative networks, and multigenerational science: The temporality of the International Map of the World
Authors: Rankin William
Published: August 2016

The International Map of the World was a hugely ambitious scheme to create standardized maps of the entire world. It was first proposed in 1891 and remained a going concern until 1986. Over the course of the project’s official life, nearly every country in the world took part, and map sheets were published showing all but a few areas of the planet. But the project ended quite unceremoniously, repudiated by cartographers and mapping institutions alike, and it is now remembered as a ‘sad story’ of network failure. How can we evaluate this kind of sprawling, multigenerational project? In order to move beyond practitioners’ (and historians’) habit of summarizing the entire endeavor using the blunt categories of success and failure, I propose a more temporally aware reading, one that both disaggregates the (persistent) project from the (always changing) network and sees project and network as invertible, with the possibility of zombie projects and negative networks that can remain robust even when disconnected from their original goals. I therefore see the abandonment of the International Map of the World as resulting from vigorous collaboration and new norms in cartography, not from lack of cooperation or other resources. New categories are required for analyzing science over the long durée.
Econometrics as evidence? Examining the ‘causal’ connections between financial speculation and commodities prices
Authors: Williams James W , Cook Nikolai M
Published: August 2016

One of the lasting legacies of the financial crisis of 2008, and the legislative energies that followed from it, is the growing reliance on econometrics as part of the rulemaking process. Financial regulators are increasingly expected to rationalize proposed rules using available econometric techniques, and the courts have vacated several key rules emanating from Dodd-Frank on the grounds of alleged deficiencies in this evidentiary effort. The turn toward such econometric tools is seen as a significant constraint on and challenge to regulators as they endeavor to engage with such essential policy questions as the impact of financial speculation on food security. Yet, outside of the specialized practitioner community, very little is known about these techniques. This article examines one such econometric test, Granger causality, and its role in a pivotal Dodd-Frank rulemaking. Through an examination of the test for Granger causality and its attempts to distill the causal connections between financial speculation and commodities prices, the article argues that econometrics is a blunt but useful tool, limited in its ability to provide decisive insights into commodities markets and yet yielding useful returns for those who are able to wield it.
The maternal body as environment in autism science
Authors: Lappé Martine
Published: August 2016

Research on autism and environmental risk factors has expanded substantially in recent years. My analysis draws attention to the regimes of perceptibility that shape how the environment is materialized in post-genomic science. I focus on how more complex narratives of autism’s causes and social anxieties surrounding child development have helped situate autism risk in women’s bodies before and during pregnancy. This has resulted in what I call the maternal body as environment in autism science. I show that this figure involves three characteristics: the molecularization of the environment, an individualization of risk, and the internalization of responsibility. I argue that these three features point to a new spatial and temporal politics of risk and responsibility that may heighten social and medical surveillance of women’s bodies and decisions, eclipsing larger questions about the uneven distribution of exposures in society and more holistic understandings of health that include neurodiversity. I conclude by considering what the maternal body as environment signals for women, social justice, and the politics of environmental health in the post-genomic era.
Beams of particles and papers: How digital preprint archives shape authorship and credit
Authors: Delfanti Alessandro
Published: August 2016

In high energy physics, scholarly papers circulate primarily through online preprint archives based on a centralized repository, arXiv, that physicists simply refer to as ‘the archive’. The archive is not just a tool for preservation and memory but also a space of flows where written objects are detected and their authors made available for scrutiny. In this article, I analyze the reading and publishing practices of two subsets of high energy physicists: theorists and experimentalists. In order to be recognized as legitimate and productive members of their community, they need to abide by the temporalities and authorial practices structured by the archive. Theorists live in a state of accelerated time that shapes their reading and publishing practices around precise cycles. Experimentalists turn to tactics that allow them to circumvent the slowed-down time and invisibility they experience as members of large collaborations. As digital platforms for the exchange of scholarly articles emerge in other fields, high energy physics could help shed light on general transformations of contemporary scholarly communication systems.
Pushing through: Mental health consumers' experiences of an individual placement and support employment programme
Authors: Coombes Kate , Haracz Kirsti , Robson Emma , James Carole
Published: August 2016

Introduction

Individual placement and support is recognized as current best practice vocational rehabilitation for people living with a severe mental illness. This study aimed to provide insight into the consumer perspective of factors that impact the success of an individual placement and support programme in Australia.

Method

A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with five participants. Participants were diagnosed with a severe mental illness and were engaged with an individual placement supported employment programme in one area health service in New South Wales, Australia. Data analysis was conducted using grounded theory methods.

Results

Analysis revealed the core category of pushing through, a three-step process that involved experiencing discomfort, learning to adapt, and getting into a groove. Pushing through described the participants' direct experience of individual placement and support, as well as their management of their health and ability to cope with everyday practicalities and relationships while engaged in the programme.

Conclusions

The participants in this study described their experiences of being involved in an individual placement and support programme as being characterized by a process of pushing through. The participants' actions and experiences at each stage of this process provide cues for more tailored support within individual placement and support to meet changing needs.
Between parental efficacy and parental distress: how early maladaptive schemas contribute to the motherhood experience of young mothers who have aged out of care
Authors: Couvrette Amélie , Lanctôt Nadine
Published: August 2016

The present study aims to explore, using Young’s early maladaptive schemas (EMS), the cognitive and emotional dimensions associated with the experience of motherhood of young women ageing out of care. It also assesses the relationships between EMS and two dimensions of the parental role (parental efficacy and parental distress). The sample is composed of 29 young mothers who were placed in care as adolescents. Parental efficacy was significantly correlated with only one EMS: Social Isolation/Alienation. Parental distress was moderately and positively correlated with the following EMS: Mistrust/Abuse, Emotional Deprivation, Social Isolation/Alienation and Enmeshment/Undeveloped Self. Results showed a more comprehensive picture of these young mothers’ pervasive patterns of emotions and cognitions. This picture is more balanced than the poor mothering outcomes typically associated with early motherhood in the scientific literature, or the overly positive depictions of young motherhood that have emerged from some qualitative studies. Implications for intervention are discussed.
Pediatric Skull Base Meningiomas
Authors: Li Zhicen , Li Hao , Wang Shuo , Zhao Jizong , Cao Yong
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical, pathological, and prognostic characteristics of pediatric skull base meningiomas. A retrospective analysis of 44 pediatric skull base patients younger than 18 years who underwent surgery at Beijing Tiantan Hospital was performed. The study group included 20 males and 24 females. Multiple lesions were seen in 8 patients. WHO grade I was found in 28 patients and higher grade was seen in 16 patients. Recurrence or progression occurred in 10 patients after the initial operation. The overall survival rate in the follow-up period for the entire cohort was 89.7%. The authors found no sex predominance in pediatric skull base meningiomas. In addition, this lesion was more often seen in their second decades. In contrast to skull base meningiomas in adult patients, pediatric skull base meningiomas had a higher incidence of nonbenign histopathological variants and a higher rate of recurrence.
Displaying Videos in Web Surveys
Authors: Mendelson Jonathan , Gibson Jennifer Lee , Romano-Bergstrom Jennifer
Published: August 2016

Videos are often used in web surveys to assess attitudes. While including videos may allow researchers to test immediate reactions, there may be issues associated with displaying videos that are overlooked. In this article, we examine the effects of using video stimuli on responses in a probability-based web survey. Specifically, we evaluate the association between demographics, mobile device usage, and the ability to view videos; differences in ad recall based on whether respondents saw a video or still images of the video; whether respondents’ complete viewing of videos is related to presentation order; and the data quality of follow-up questions to the videos as a function of presentation order and complete viewing. Overall, we found that respondents using mobile browsers were less likely to be able to view videos in the survey. Those who could view videos were more likely to indicate recall compared to those who viewed images, and videos that were shown later in the survey were viewed in their entirety less frequently than those shown earlier. These results directly pertain to the legitimacy of using videos in web surveys to gather data about attitudes.
Elevated International Normalized Ratio in a Patient Taking Warfarin and Mauby: A Case Report
Authors: Sorbera Maria , Joseph Tina , DiGregorio Robert V.
Published: August 2016

We describe a 70-year-old Haitian man who had been taking warfarin for 5 years for atrial fibrillation and pulmonary hypertension. This patient had his international normalized ratio (INR) checked in the pharmacist-run anticoagulation clinic and was followed monthly. Prior to the interaction, his INR was therapeutic for 5 months while taking warfarin 10.5 mg/d. The patient presented with an INR > 8.0. Patient held 4 days of warfarin and restarted on warfarin 8.5 mg/d. Two weeks later, his INR was 2.5. After continuing dose, patient presented 2 weeks later and INR was 4.8. Upon further questioning, the patient stated he recently began ingesting mauby. Mauby is a bitter dark liquid extracted from the bark of the mauby tree that is commonly used in the Caribbean population as a folk remedy with many health benefits. This case report illustrates that mauby may have a probable drug–herb interaction (Naranjo Algorithm Score of 6) when given with warfarin. There is a lack of published literature and unclear information on the Internet describing the interaction of mauby and warfarin. Health professionals should be cautious regarding interactions between warfarin and mauby until the interaction is fully elucidated.
Synthesis and characterization of electro-optic polyurethane-imide and fabrication of optical waveguide device
Authors: Wang Long-De , Tang Jie , Li Ruo-Zhou , Zhang Tong , Tong Ling , Tang Jing , Xu Li
Published: August 2016

The novel electro-optic (EO) polymers of fluorinated cross-linkable Y-type polyurethane-imides (PUI) were designed and synthesized by polycondensation of second-order non-linear optical azo-based chromophores, phenyl diisocyanate, and aromatic dianhydride. Molecular structural characterization for the resulting polymers was achieved by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and gel permeation chromatography. The resulting polymers exhibited good film-forming properties, high glass transition temperature in the range from 186°C to 198°C and thermal stability up to 300°C, high EO coefficient ( γ33 = 43–60 pm/V) at 1550 nm wavelength, good stabilization of electrically induced chromophore dipole alignment and low optical propagation losses in the range of 1.5–1.7 dB/cm at 1550 nm, which are suitable for the EO modulators. Using the synthesized EO PUI as the active core material and of a fluorinated polyimide as cladding material, we have designed and fabricated the high-performance polymer waveguide Mach-Zehnder EO modulators. Obvious modulation was observed by application of ac voltage signal to the EO modulators.