bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structuralism, Neostructuralism and Developmental Macroeconomics: evolution of ECLAC’s thought in the light of Latin American problems
Authors: Livramento Gabriella , Marin Solange
Published: December 2024

The objective of this article is to make a bibliographical review of the theoretical evolution of ECLAC to understand the contribution of classical structuralists on economic development and to deepen the discussion about the emergence of the neostructuralism and the incorporation of new analytical elements in the so-called developmental macroeconomics to respond to the structural problems of Latin American countries. This new orientation is divided into two dimensions, the Keynesian Efficiency and the Schumpeterian Efficiency, that together aim to promote the change necessary for economic development.
Empirical analysis on the efficiency of masks and 70% alcohol in fighting Coronavirus: an analysis for the service sector
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Monteiro da , Mateus de Morais Auriglietti Leonardo , Tomé Luiz Henrique Paloschi
Published: December 2024

In 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic began and several measures were established to contain the contagion of the disease, including the use of masks and 70% alcohol. In Brazil, the service sector suffered the greatest impact of the measures adopted and, in this context, the investigation aimed to verify whether the use of masks and 70% alcohol was effective in reducing the contamination of workers in this sector. When estimating the probability ratio, using the PNAD Covid 2020, the results show that the use of masks and 70% alcohol  reduces the probability of contamination by 54.70%.
From aspiring powerhouse to economic regression: the consequences of liberalism and the subordinate international insertion of the Brazilian economy
Authors: Dainez Valdir Iusif , Dainez André
Published: December 2024

The objective of this article is to analyze how the economic policy response to the crisis of the 1980s, the passive international insertion and the adoption of orthodox policies from 2015 onwards determined a process of economic regression with a strong loss of participation of the industry in the GDP, reprimarization of export agenda and loss of efficiency of macroeconomic policies.
“Comprendre est une pure ou simple passion”: causalité efficiente et connaissance vraie dans le Korte Verhandeling (Court Traité) de Spinoza
Authors: Bert Lara
Published: December 2024

Résumé: Cet article se propose d’examiner le rôle de la causalité efficiente dans la définition de la connaissance et de la vérité dans le Korte Verhandeling (Court Traité) de Spinoza. L’application de la causalité efficiente aux idées est un usage spécifiquement cartésien de la causalité, et nous aimerions voir comment Spinoza le reprend et le transforme. En effet, si Descartes explique la détermination de l’idée dans notre esprit par la cause efficiente, il n’en fait pas pour autant la cause de la vérité et de la certitude. Dans un premier temps, nous verrons que Spinoza reprend cet usage cartésien de la causalité et qu’il se montre tout à fait cartésien en soutenant la thèse de la passivité de l’entendement. Dans un second temps, nous verrons en quoi l’affirmation de l’idée et la certitude reposent également sur ce principe pour Spinoza, et en quoi, par cela, il s’oppose à Descartes. Le but de notre propos est de voir comment la « différence réelle » entre l’idée vraie et l’idée fausse est pensée par la causalité efficiente et en quoi cette thèse est originale.
Mots-clés: Spinoza; Petit Traité; Idée; Savoir; Cause.
“To understand is sheer passion”: Efficient causality and knowledge in the Korte Verhandeling (Short Treatise) of Spinoza
Abstract: This article aims at clarifying the function of efficient causality in Spinoza's Korte Verhandeling (Short treatise) definition of knowledge and truth. The application of efficient causality to ideas is specifically cartesian, and we'd like to highlight how Spinoza uses it and transforms it. Indeed, if Descartes explains the determination of idea in our mind by efficient cause, however, he doesn't assert, unlike Spinoza, that this determination is the cause of truth and certitude. First, we show that Spinoza's use of causality is a cartesian one and we explain why it implies the passivity of the understanding. Then, we examine why Spinoza asserts that the affirmation of idea and certitude stand on this passivity, and to what extent he runs counter to Descartes in doing so. The crux of this article lies in examining how Spinoza understands the "real difference" between true and false idea, and why it is new.
Keywords: Spinoza; Short Treatise; Idea; Knowledge; Cause.
Data de registro: 10/07/2024
Data de aceite: 06/12/2024
O pensamento da causalidade na fenomenologia de Edmund Husserl
Authors: Vieira Marcelo Rosa
Published: December 2024

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para a reflexão sobre o conceito de causalidade na época moderna, abordando-o sob a perspectiva da filosofia de Edmund Husserl. O texto discute a análise fenomenológica dedicada ao tema, com o objetivo de clarificar como o conceito de causa não desempenha na fenomenologia husserliana o papel de um “operador de inteligibilidade” em sentido último, mas desce ao nível de uma inteligibilidade secundária, pertencente ao quadro de uma filosofia segunda, que não mereceria o título de primeira. O sentido da relação entre causa e efeito deve ser elucidado por uma filosofia mais fundamental (que Husserl chama de Erste Philosophie), que naturalmente não pode partir da causalidade como um pressuposto dado. Para abordar essa questão, situar-nos-emos no ponto de vista da fenomenologia da constituição (estática e genética) proposta pelo filósofo alemão.
Palavras-chave: Fenomenologia; Husserl; Causalidade; Constituição.
The thought of Causality in Edmund Husserl's Phenomenology
Abstract: The aim of this article is to contribute to the reflection on the concept of causality in the modern era, approaching it from the philosophy of Edmund Husserl. The text discusses the phenomenological analysis dedicated to this subject with the goal of clarifying how the concept of cause does not function in Husserlian phenomenology as an "operator of intelligibility" in the ultimate sense, but rather falls to a level of secondary intelligibility, within the framework of a second philosophy, rather than one deserving the title of first philosophy. The meaning of the relationship between cause and effect must be elucidated by a more fundamental philosophy (which Husserl calls Erste Philosophie) that cannot naturally start from causality as a given presupposition. To address this issue, we will consider the perspective of the phenomenology of constitution (static and genetic) proposed by the German philosopher.
Keywords: Phenomenology; Husserl; Causality; Constitution.
Data de registro: 30/07/2024
Data de aceite: 01/11/2024
Condillac e a causa da atividade mental: uma leitura construtivista
Authors: Oliveira Santos Kayk
Published: December 2024

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a causa da atividade mental segundo Condillac e indicar suas implicações para uma leitura construtivista de sua filosofia. Para isso, analiso três textos do autor: o Ensaio sobre a origem dos conhecimentos humanos (1746); o Tratado das sensações (1754) e a sua Lógica (1778). Ao formular uma nova explicação do entendimento humano, Condillac precisa esclarecer, à luz de sua versão radical do empirismo, a causa da atividade mental. Nas obras mencionadas, o filósofo apresenta duas interpretações da questão: a primeira, empirista, está identificada no seu Ensaio com os signos de instituição que dão origem a atividade reflexiva; no Tratado, é princípio do prazer/dor que causa a atividade quando coloca em ação as operações mentais. Todavia, esse texto, e posteriormente a sua Lógica, introduzem a noção de força no organismo, adicionando uma causalidade no âmbito mental que não se reduz à alternância entre prazer e dor, sugerindo vestígios do inatismo no interior da sua explicação empirista radical. Frente a essas distintas perspectivas interpretativas sobre a causa da atividade mental, é necessário mostrar possíveis implicações disso para uma leitura de tipo construtivista da filosofia condillaciana.
Palavras-chave: Condillac; Causa; Atividade Mental; Empirismo; Construtivismo.
Condillac and the cause of mental activity: a constructivist reading
Abstract: The aim of this article is to investigate the cause of mental activity according to Condillac and examine its implications for a constructivist reading of his philosophy. To achieve this, I analyze three of the author’s texts: An Essay on the Origin of Human Knowledge (1746), A Treatise on Sensations (1754), and his Logic (1778). In formulating a new explanation of human understanding, Condillac needs to clarify, in light of his radical version of empiricism, the cause of mental activity. In the mentioned works, the philosopher presents two interpretations of this issue: the first, empiricist, is found in his Essay with the institutional signs that give rise to reflective activity; in the Treatise, it is the principle of pleasure/pain that triggers activity by activating mental operations. However, this text, and later his Logic, introduce the notion of force within the organism, adding a mental causality that is not limited to the alternation between pleasure and pain, suggesting traces of innatism within his radical empiricist explanation. In light of these different interpretative perspectives on the cause of mental activity, it is necessary to demonstrate the potential implications for a constructivist reading of Condillac's philosophy.
Keywords: Condillac; Causa; Mental Activity; Empiricism; Constructivism.
Data de registro: 31/07/2024
Data de aceite: 01/11/2024
La causalité entre substances d'essences différentes chez Descartes: un problème ultérieur à la métaphysique
Authors: Laporta Beatriz
Published: December 2024

Résumé: Selon certains interprètes, la conception cartésienne de la causalité, en particulier l'union entre l'âme et le corps, a posé de grandes difficultés aux philosophes contemporains et postérieurs au XVIIe siècle. Dans cet article, nous analyserons le fait que la relation entre les substances d'essences différentes dans la théorie cartésienne n'est pas, pour Descartes, un problème métaphysique ; et qu'une réponse possible découle du changement de perspective épistémologique dans sa théorie. En d'autres termes, nous nous demandons si la relation de causalité chez Descartes, dans sa propre métaphysique, est réellement un embarras. Ainsi, nous étudierons à la fois les Méditations métaphysiques - afin de comprendre l'écart souhaité par Descartes par rapport aux formes substantielles de la tradition - et la Correspondance avec Elisabeth, où nous chercherons des développements possibles à la question formulée par les lecteurs.
Mots-clés: Descartes; Causalité; L’union Substantielle; Métaphysique.
A causalidade entre substâncias de essências diferentes em Descartes: um problema posterior à metafísica
Resumo: Segundo alguns intérpretes, a concepção cartesiana de causalidade, em particular a união entre a alma e o corpo, colocou grandes dificuldades aos filósofos do e posteriores ao século XVII. Nesse artigo, analisaremos o fato de que a relação entre substâncias de essências diferentes na teoria cartesiana não é, para Descartes, um problema metafísico; e que uma resposta possível se daria pela mudança de perspectiva epistemológica em sua teoria. Em outras palavras, nós questionamos se a relação de causalidade metafísica cartesiana é realmente um problema. Assim, analisaremos tanto as Meditações metafísicas - para compreender o distanciamento desejado por Descartes das formas substanciais da tradição - quanto a Correspondência com Elisabeth, onde iremos procurar os desenvolvimentos possíveis à questão formulada por seus leitores.
Palavras-chave: Descartes; Causalidade; União Substancial; Metafísica.
Data de registro: 31/07/2024
Data de aceite: 01/11/2024
In vitro biological activity of seed oil of Withania coagulans and synthesis of catalyst from residual biomass
Authors: Raghav Priya , Sharma Nishesh , Choudhary Priyvart , Kumar Nishant , Sharma Rohit , Badoni Himani , Chaudhary Ayushi
Published: December 2024

Withania coagulans is a well-known medicinal plant reported to possess numerous biological activities. However, the plant remains underutilized compared to other medicinal plants due to lack of clinical and analytical studies. In the present study, in vitro biological activities of oil extracted from seeds of W. coagulans were studied along with synthesis and characterization of catalyst from residue obtained post oil extraction. The extracted oil exhibited DPPH-radical scavenging activity, protein denaturation activity and in vitro -? amylase inhibitory activity. These activities were comparable to the corresponding activities of standard compounds indicating diverse medicinal potential of the oil. The residue obtained post oil extraction was utilized for synthesis of catalyst. The synthesized catalyst was characterized to identify the nature of the catalyst.   Catalyst synthesized from residue was found to be silica-based catalyst, crystalline in nature and EDX mapping revealed catalyst to comprise of C, O, Na, Si, P and Ca.  Interpretation of results obtained depict potential utilization of W. coagulans for diversified traditional as well as industrial application.
Co-expression network analysis for identification of candidate genes regulating phosphorus use efficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Chand Nikhil , Dixit Rekha , Kumar Pankaj , Tyagi Kuldeep , Kapoor Neelesh , Singh Nitesh , Vikram Prashant , Malik Sumira
Published: December 2024

Phosphorus (P) is a crucial nutrient for plants, but its deficiency can significantly reduce crop yields, especially in wheat. To understand the genetic basis of Phosphorus Use Efficiency (PUE) in wheat, we analyzed the gene expression patterns of plants under phosphorus stress. We identified and analyzed 1194 differentially expressed genes, constructing a network of these genes through cytoscape. We have extracted 26 hub genes from this network, which are key players in PUE. These hub genes are involved in various biological processes related to phosphorus uptake, transport and utilization, as revealed by KEGG pathway analysis. Our findings provide valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying PUE in wheat and may contribute to the development of strategies for improving crop yields in phosphorus-deficient environments.
Combating tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fab.) through isolated strains of Streptomyces from the soils of Kerala and Tamil Nadu
Authors: K Elanchezhyan , J Aswathy , L Allwin , N Rajinimala , P Anandhi , T Abdul Razak
Published: December 2024

The tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fab.) is a polyphagous pest on agricultural and horticultural crops. Biological control is an effective and sustainable alternative to insecticides for insect pest management. Now-a-days, microbial compounds are used for the management of insect pests and they are the good alternative to inorganic pesticides. The various microbial control agents are obtained from the different microorganisms, actinomycetes specifically the filamentous Streptomyces produce metabolites possessing insecticidal activity. The Streptomyces is a Gram-positive multicellular bacteria and they possess numerous secondary active metabolites. The soil samples were collected from different locations in Kerala and Tamil Nadu states, India. Isolation of Streptomyces was carried out by serial dilution of 10-4 and pour plating method. The Streptomyces can be cultured in International Streptomyces Project 2 fermentation broth. The Streptomyces sp. such as S. katrae (ST 1), S. acidiscabies (ST 3), S. andamanensis (ST 5) and S. cerasinus (ST 7) were isolated from the soils of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India by 16S rDNA sequencing and matched with Streptomyces sp. using NCBI BLAST program and were screened against 1st and 2nd instar larvae of S. litura. The strain S. katrae (ST 1) and a consortium of all the strains (ST 1 + ST 3 + ST 5 + ST 7) exhibited 66 - 70 % mortality of 1st instar larvae and 70-74 % mortality of 2nd instar larvae of S. litura. The presence of secondary active metabolites in the ISP 2 fermentation broth exhibited strong larvicidal activities and these findings indicate that the ISP 2 fermentation broth of S. katrae and the consortium possess the ability to control the pest populations at the desirable level.
Evaluation of glycemic index, glycemic load and biochemical traits of rice associated with anti-diabetic properties
Authors: Rithesh B N , Ramchander S , Manonmani S , Uma D , Rajeswari S , Jeyaprakash P
Published: December 2024

Diabetes mellitus, a modern lifestyle disease and metabolic disorder, is closely associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Research on carbohydrates, particularly white rice with a high glycemic index, has been linked to an increased risk of type II diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. In this study, we aimed to understand the nutritional composition, estimated glycemic index, and glycemic load of twenty-eight rice accessions, particularly focusing on those with low starch digestibility associated with low GI levels. The proximate composition analysis revealed that tested rice accessions exhibited higher levels of genetic variation for amylose (18.45 - 25.97%), phenolic content (5.00-34.08%), protein (5.52-14.54%), and crude fibre (1.64-3.91%) content in brown rice. Huge variability for estimat?ed glycemic index, ranging from low to high GI was observed among all the varieties (49.37 - 78.58%). Traditional varieties viz., Thavalakannan and Kavuni depicted low estimated glycemic index (49.37 % and 54.55 %) and moderate glycemic load (14.60 and 15.80), respectively. The estimated glycemic index exhibited significant and negative association with amylose (r = -0.57**), phenolic (r = -0.67**), and crude fibre (r = -0.52**) content. In contrast, glycemic load showed a significant positive correlation with the amount of carbohydrate content. Principal component analysis revealed considerable variability among rice accessions' biochemical traits with the first two principal components accounting for 68.57% of the total variance. The hierarchical clustering based on Darwin software identified two major clusters. Cluster I comprise popular varieties and Cluster II contains traditional varieties with low to moderate glycemic index. Moreover, identifying rice varieties with lower glycemic index can facilitate the development and enhancement of breeding lines for the diabetic population.
Adaptive mechanism of submergence tolerance by Sub1 A
Authors: Suwetha S , Gnanamalar RP , Elamathi S , Mary PCN , Arulmozhi R , Dhandapani M , Subrahmaniyan K , Shanmugam A , Pushpa R
Published: December 2024

Among the various abiotic stresses affecting the growth, development, and yield of rice, submergence caused by continuous flooding without adequate drainage poses a significant threat. This stress is particularly detrimental in lowland areas with poor drainage, often near coastal regions, where excessive rainfall leads to prolonged waterlogging. Continuous waterlogging during germination severely impacts the germination of directly seeded rice crops, while seedling establishment suffers post-transplantation due to seedling decay and mortality. Submergence tolerance is an adaptive physiological and biochemical mechanism that has evolved in indica rice, enabling the plant to cope with the effects of anaerobic conditions caused by prolonged submergence. The putative progenitor Oryza rufipogon is well adapted to marshy environments. This study discusses the mechanisms of introgression of anaerobic germination and submergence tolerance from O. rufipogon through molecular analysis of genomic regions. It also explains the physiological and biochemical mechanisms that influence anaerobic germination and submergence tolerance. Lowland areas characterized by flooding due to excessive rainfall and inadequate drainage, particularly near coastal regions, require anaerobic germination and submergence tolerance for rice cultivation. Identifying new sources of submergence tolerance beyond the Sub1 gene, followed by genomic structural characterization for the development of pre-breeding genetic sources, is essential. Additionally, well-characterized quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes that confer submergence tolerance need to be transferred precisely.
Integrated pest management strategies for the invasive orchid blossom midge (Contarinia maculipennis Felt.)
Authors: Minnu VJ , Allwin L , Elanchezhyan K , Manivannan MI , Rajinimala N
Published: December 2024

Orchid blossom midge (Contarinia maculipennis Felt.) is a tiny Cecidomyiid fly that infests cut flowers such as orchids, jasmine, and tuberose. As a small insect, the midge can adapt to various environments, evolving new survival strategies, including overcoming climatic barriers. Midge has recently been identified as a major pest for cut-flower cultivators, posing substantial harm, especially to tuberose, reducing their attractiveness to customers. In orchid farms, it infests and damages the flower buds of Dendrobium, especially during the early stages, resulting in substantial yield loss. Abiotic conditions, in conjunction with orchid species, facilitate midge's access to its host plants; yet gaps in comprehending these relationships have impeded research. A major concern is its infestation within flower buds, which has prompted scientists to prioritize management strategies. Despite efforts toward sustainable management, controlling this pest remains a challenge. This review covers the host range, geographic distribution, molecular taxonomy, biology, seasonal occurrence, the influence of lunar phases on adult emergence, volatile studies, and various approaches for managing the orchid blossom midge.
Chitosan-based biodegradable packaging: Enhancing the shelf life and quality of Jasminum sambac L. flowers
Authors: Ffadhilah A , Chitra R , Ganga M , Prasanthrajan M , Djanaguiraman M
Published: December 2024

A study evaluated the effectiveness of chitosan-based biopolymer films as an alternative packaging material for enhancing the post-harvest quality and shelf life of jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.) flowers during export. Chitosan-tween 80 and chitosan-glycerol films were prepared using the solvent-casting method and characterized for their physical and chemical properties, including surface morphology, UV absorbance and thermal stability. The packaging effects were compared against conventional films, aluminium-foil-lined boxes with gel ice and untreated flowers in a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Visual and physiological parameters were evaluated over 3 days, including freshness index, flower opening index, colour retention, fragrance index, moisture content, physiological loss in weight and shelf life. The results indicated that chitosan-glycerol films exhibited superior properties, extending the shelf life to 4.16 days compared to 2.7 days in the control, offering a sustainable and cost-effective packaging solution for the floriculture industry.
Delineating the genetic variability, correlation, path and principal component analysis in brinjal genotypes
Authors: Shanmugasundaram KA , Muthuvel I , Kousalya R
Published: December 2024

An experiment was conducted to evaluate 25 different brinjal genotypes for growth and yield-contributing traits. Variability analysis, association studies and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were performed to explore the relationships among traits and identify significant factors influencing performance. In the present study, high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation values were observed for fruit breadth, fruit weight gram per fruit, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight gram per plant. In contrast, traits such as days to fifty per cent flowering, plant height, number of branches per plant, branch length, fruit length and fruit borer infestation exhibited medium GCV and PCV values. High heritability coupled with high GAM was noticed for all the traits. Correlation analysis on the number of fruits per plant recorded a positive and significant association with fruit weight per gram. The higher magnitude of a positive direct effect on fruit yield was exerted by the number of fruits per plant followed by fruit weight gram per fruit, plant height and fruit breadth. Principal component analysis showed three principal components with unity eigenvalues, accounting for 78.647 % of total variance. Principal Component 1 (PC1) contributed a high proportion of total variance (42.282) with an eigenvalue of 4.228. PC2 and PC3 showed total variance percentages of 24.045 and 12.32 with the eigenvalues 2.404 and 1.232, respectively.
Examining Microbial Decomposition, Carbon Cycling and Storage in Cefni Coastal Salt Marsh, Anglesey Island, Wales, United Kingdom
Authors:   Department of Science, Plateau State Polytechnic Barkin Ladi, Jos Nigeria, Dasat G. S. , Christopher F. ,   College of Natural Science Bangor University, Wales UK, Tim J. ,   College of Natural Science Bangor University, Wales UK, Dunn C. ,   College of Natural Science Bangor University, Wales UK
Published: December 2024

Salt marshes sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the soil, however, anthropogenic activities could release centuries of buried carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas implicated with climate change. Therefore, this study investigated biogeochemical activities in soil samples from low, mid and high zones of Cefni salt marsh, within the Maltreat estuary, on the island of Anglesey, north Wales, United Kingdom for a consortium of laboratory experiments using standard operating protocols to quantify soil organic matter contents and the rate of microbial decomposition and carbon storage. Results of investigations reveals that the mid zone had 56.23% and 9.98% of soil water and soil organic matter contents respectively higher than the low and high zones. Phenol oxidase activity (1193.53µmol dicq g-1 h-1) was highest at the low zone compared to the high and mid zones (867.60 and 608.74 µmol dicq g-1 h-1) respectively. Soil phenolic concentration was highest in the mid zone (53.25 µg-1 g-1) compared with high (15.66 µg-1 g-1) and low (4.18 µg-1 g-1) zones respectively. Activities of hydrolases showed similar trend for the high and low zones and much lower activities in the mid zone. CO2 flux from the mid zone (6.79 ug g-1 h-1) was significantly greater than those from high (-2.29 ug g-1 h-1) and low (1.30 µg g-1 h-1) zones. Since salt marshes provide essential ecosystem services, their degradation or alteration in whatever form could compromise vital ecosystem services, converting them from net sinks into net sources with consequential effects to the global environment.
The Superiority of Buddhism Over the Three Monotheistic Religions
Authors:   Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Ecology George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel, Gurevitz Michael
Published: December 2024

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Classical Field Theory-based Design of Green Energy Systems
Authors:   Westside Environmental Technology Los Angeles, CA 90046, Blanovsky Anatoly
Published: December 2024

Novel technologies are often traced back to fundamental science. Green energy, particularly fission-, gamma- and photo-electric (PE) cells, are no exception. Based on the fundamentally sound Lorentz Theory, this article aims to explain how implementation of blackbody-cavity PE cells can greatly increase efficiency of the integrated conventional thermal and photovoltaic systems. Long before quantum mechanics, Lorentz suggested that some disturbances, like waves, travel with particles through a certain medium - motionless ether. The waves are described by the Klein-Gordon equation and dispersion relation 2=c2k2+c2. In hydromechanics, they are known as non-propagating waves and a boundary frequency c is called the cutoff frequency. The group velocity approaches zero and waves are not propagating if their frequency is below the cutoff frequency c. Their group and phase velocity are related by vu=c2, in the infinite k limit v=u=c and the group velocity maximum are c. A quantum object is considered as a vibrating particle or material body with a rest mass m moving in resonance with wave characterized by the cutoff or Compton frequency c =mc2/ .
Interrelated Channel Current and Oxide Leakage Current Density in a MOSFET Device
Authors:   Retired Professor, Chanana Ravi Kumar
Published: December 2024

This research paper discusses the observed lower Fowler-Nordheim (FN) onset electric field in the thermal SiO2 grown on the (110) surface of the 4H-SiC semiconductor than on the (0001) oriented surface. This forms the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) device which is the essential part of the MOSFET device as a transistor. First, the FN onset field is revised to a new value of 4.6 MV/cm, and then the mechanism for the lowering of the field is described.
The Future of Cryptocurrencies: Revolutionizing the Financial Landscape
Authors:   Department of Finance, Atlantic International University, Pioneer Plaza, 900 Fort Street Mall 905, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA, Raju Robin
Published: December 2024

This research explores the impact of cryptocurrencies on the financial landscape, focusing on the rise of blockchain technology, the emergence of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), and the growth of decentralized finance (DeFi). The study examines the regulatory environment of cryptocurrencies in Australia and the challenges and opportunities associated with their adoption. Key findings highlight the transformative potential of cryptocurrencies in revolutionizing traditional financial systems by increasing transparency, efficiency, and accessibility. The research emphasizes the importance of adapting policies to support the evolving cryptocurrency market.
Definition: Space-Time Interval
Authors:   Independent research, Tannous Saliba
Published: December 2024

The concept of spacetime interval is not clearly understood or defined in modern physics. Here, I will present a clear and precise explanation and definition of the concept of spacetime interval. This research is based on a different representation of spacetime, Additionally, we will introduce and demonstrate a new physical theory that will make all of modern physics more logical and easier to understand.
Mathematical Sciences: From the Experimentally Proved Principle of the Physical Reality of Imaginary Numbers it Follows that the Invisible Afterlife World, Mentioned in All Religions, Really Exists
Authors:   Independent researcher, Kiev, Ukraine, Antonov A. A.
Published: December 2024

Rightly recognized as the outstanding scientific achievement of XX century physics, the special theory of relativity (SRT) has nevertheless proved to be incorrect, because at that time there was no experimental knowledge necessary for its creation, which had to be replaced by postulates. But not everything was guessed. And this is quite natural. All new theories are always subsequently refined and corrected. However, none of the many subsequent corrections and experimental refutations of SRT was not accounted for and still is not taken into account. As a result, SRT has remained uncorrected. It is in this form that SRT is now studied in all physics textbooks, used in the educational process even in the most prestigious universities. However, a corrected version of SRT has already been created, in which instead of the in-correct principle of non-exceeding the speed of light, the experimentally proven principle of physical reality of imaginary numbers, which refuted this postulate, is used. The corrected version of SRT has allowed to solve many unsolved in the noncorrected version of SRT problems. And from relativistic formulas of the corrected version of SRT follows the existence of numerous mutually invisible parallel universes. In the corrected version of SRT also it is explained that these invisible universes about which it is spoken in all religions, and are invisible afterlife world in which Gods and souls of dead dwell.
Procurement Governance Hypothesis Testing in a Proposed e-Procurement Implementation Assessment Model Framework
Authors:   National Academy for Planning and Development, Bangladesh and Centre for Higher Studies and Research, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Bangladesh, Rashid Md. Abdur , Shorif Uddin Mohammad ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This paper examines the critical factors that lead to the effective deployment of an electronic procurement system in Bangladesh. Developing an effective model for e-procurement implementation assessment is another objective. Design, methodology, and approach: Survey data from 206 samples of procurement entity (PE) officers obtained through primary investigation is used to operationalize the proposed model. Data from eleven zones in Bangladesh's Roads and Highways Division (RHD) population were gathered using survey questionnaires. Findings: According to the analysis, the conceptual framework for the e-procurement assessment model that has been suggested is an affirmation that the procurement governance was approved. The findings also showed that the alternative hypothesis was accepted, indicating that the proposed model fit the data. Originality/value: This study represents the first effort to develop the theoretical framework for a specially developed and proposed model of e-procurement implementation assessment. The results of the study will benefit practitioners of e-procurement. The proposed assessment model will also support the subsequent review, implementation, and modification of enhanced e-GP policies and guidelines.
Logic Leads to Understanding = Knowledge
Authors: Schroeder Paul
Published: December 2024

A baby life starts by seeing and feeling. Later one learns people in the family and the home. The learning gradually grows from the neighborhood and local areas, including schools. Learning expands more distant to regions, counties and states that define locations. With school, one’s knowledge extends to countries, people, history and the whole world. Knowledge grows by finding facts, by reading and experiencing. Learning about space is different, we aren’t there. Knowledge comes from theories. The overall view of space can be found to be incorrect and needs total change. In 1543 - Copernicus switched the center of orbits to travel around the sun instead of around earth. The current model of the universe is distorting knowledge about space and blocks our ability to understand the real universe.
Supporting the Health, Work Ability and Employability of Unemployed People with Long-term Illness
Authors:   School of Health Care and Social Work, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, Finland, Salminen-Tuomaala Mari
Published: December 2024

The article describes a 3-year project called “Duckboards”, carried out in western Finland with long-term unemployed people living with long-term illness. The purpose of the intervention was to test how a multiprofessional team could support the health, work ability and functioning of 145 unemployed clients with long-term illness. Of this group, 45 responded to a quantitative survey, whose purpose was to produce information about how the participants rated the step-by-step intervention and Future Workshop and their encounters with various experts, and to investigate the meaning of the participation for them. Based on the client Likert scale ratings, it would seem that the intervention had a greater positive effect on the participants’ experienced physical and social health and daily coping, compared to job-seeking skills or career planning, where the variance was higher. The participants seemed very satisfied with their encounters and interaction with the project experts.
Sustainable Tapping of Commiphora wightii (Arnott) Bhandari
Authors:   TDU, 74/2, Jarakabandekaval, Attur post, Via Yelahanka, Bangalore-560064, Nair M. N. B.
Published: December 2024

Background: Commiphora wightii exudes a yellowish Oleo-gum-resin known as “Guggul” of Commerce. Guggul is used for several disease conditions in Ayurveda like inflammation, gout, rheumatism, obesity, and disorders of lipid metabolism. The traditional guggul tapping methods are unproductive, destructive, and the plant generally dies after tapping for 3 years. Commiphora wightii is listed as threatened plants of India. Objective: To develop a sustainable tapping technique to enhance production of guggul and ensure the survival of the tapped trees. Material and Method: For sustainable tapping of guggul, Michie gollege or Gebung types of knife is used. Ethephon is used as a stimulator for enhancing production of guggul. Result and discussion: Average production of guggul per plant in control and distilled water treated control was 1.7 and 1.3 grams respectively. Average production of guggul per plant tapped after treating with 5.98 per cent ethephon is 25.57 grams. Average production of guggul per plant tapping after treating with 20 per cent of guggul solution is 199.13 grams. These plants treated with guggul solution were died in the second year. The tapping injury from all taped plants healed completely within a month. Conclusion: Sustainable guggul tapping method is proposed using Michie gollege or Gebung types of knife and treatment with appropriate concentration of ethephon. A protocol is suggested. Tapping of guggul plant using ethephon is economically viable model for commercial production of guggul. This method also ensures the survival of the tapped plants. February to April is the ideal time for tapping the guggul.
Validity of Polynomial Regression Analysis of Body Fat Percentage in Relation to BMI in Japanese Junior High School Girls
Authors:   Faculty of Education, Osaka Seikei University Graduate School, Japan, Abe Keiko
Published: December 2024

BMI (Body Mass Index) is simple and convenient for determining the hypertrophy degree, but because the degree of fat mass accumulation differs in relation to the physique, the physical ability (physical fitness and athletic ability) of the obese and the slim may be misjudged. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to establish a methodology that can verify the physical fitness of people by categories, after they are categorized according to their degree of fat mass accumulation in relation to BMI. The methodology is to apply polynomial regression analysis of body fat percentage to BMI and to verify its validity. This method was applied to 750 junior high school girls in Osaka City, from which 341 girls with no missing values in the measurement data were selected. Measurements were taken from April to June 2022. Body size and body composition were measured using a body composition analyzer (InBody 3.2, Biospace). Height was measured using a digital height scale; BMI was calculated by dividing weight (kg) by the square of height (m). Physical fitness was measured in grip strength, upper body sit-up, seated long forward bend stretch, repeated side-to-side jump, and 20-m shuttle run. Athletic ability was measured in 50-m run, standing long jump, and handball throw. The results showed that for each hypertrophic group classified by BMI, the cubic polynomial regression curve of BMI for body fat percentage further classified morphological quality into three categories: overfat, normal, and underfat, according to the degree of fat accumulation relative to BMI. The reason why the cubic polynomial regression was valid was due to statistical logic and the logic that the relationship between BMI and body fat percentage is a sigmoid-shaped composition. In addition, the logistic model of sigmoid shape can be applied to the increase in body fat percentage in response to the increase in BMI, and the marginal body fat percentage hypothesis can be proposed for the female junior high school students in this study, in which body fat percentage stabilizes from a BMI of around 30.
Drought and Environmental Transformations of Lake Urmia: An Integrated Analysis Using Machine Learning and GIS
Authors:   Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Azizi Sepideh
Published: December 2024

In the late 1990s, Lake Urmia, located in northwestern Iran, was the largest saltwater lake in the Middle East. However, it has experienced severe shrinkage over the years, culminating in its division into two separate sections by 2008, with long-term consequences still uncertain. This study examines the changes in Lake Urmia from 2010 to 2020, focusing on various drought indicators such as Temperature Condition Index (TCI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). We monitored evolving drought patterns in the lake's watershed and applied machine learning techniques to classify agricultural lands within the basin, assessing their transformations over time. Additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the UV Aerosol Index to understand dust storm occurrences caused by the exposed lakebed due to prolonged droughts.

Our study presents statistical findings from modeling the interactions among these indicators, aiming to deepen our understanding of the drought impacts on Lake Urmia and its surrounding area. The research highlights the urgent need for measures to preserve the region’s ecological balance. Given Lake Urmia’s significance to neighboring countries and its historical and ecological value, international cooperation is essential. We employed Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Google Earth Engine to enhance the clarity of our findings, providing a comprehensive view of the environmental changes. Our analysis of key indicators—VCI, PDSI, TCI, and SPI—reveals significant relationships that offer insights into the interplay between vegetation health and climatic conditions, which are crucial for effective resource management.
Determination of Track Axis Coordinates in the Analytical Method of Designing Railway Route Geometry
Authors:   Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland, Koc Wladyslaw
Published: December 2024

The article presents the final version of the analytical method for designing railway route geometry, in which individual elements of geometric system (straight sections, circular arcs and transition curves) are described using mathematical equations. The design of the route change section is carried out in an appropriate local Cartesian coordinate system, the basis of which is the symmetrically arranged adjacent main directions. The described method is adapted to the technique of mobile satellite measurements, which provide, in a very short time, a huge number of track axis coordinates, incomparable to traditional geodetic measurements. By locating the origin of the local coordinate system at the intersection point of the main directions of the route, the basis for a universal design variant was created. This variant includes both symmetrical cases and asymmetrical ones resulting from different types and lengths of transition curves. Two situations that may arise when using the local coordinate system were considered, related to the position of the designed geometric system to the main point of the route. A number of specific issues were also clarified. After determining the basic characteristic values, the computational algorithm described in the work leads to solving the problem in a sequential way, much more convenient than before. The obtained possibilities are illustrated by two computational examples.
Experimental and numerical investigations on tensile properties of carbon fibre-reinforced plastic and self-reinforced polypropylene composites
Authors: Ma Quanjin , Sahu Santosh Kumar , Badgayan Nitesh Dhar , Rejab Mohd Ruzaimi Mat
Published: December 2024

This article aims to investigate the tensile properties of carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) and self-reinforced polypropylene (SRPP) composites used in both experimental and numerical investigations. The experimental study evaluated the tensile strength, tensile strain, and modulus of CFRP and SRPP composite laminates under tensile loading. Finite element modelling was employed to predict and validate the tensile properties of these composites. CFRP and SRPP laminates were manufactured using the hot compression technique and stacked through the hand lay-up technique. The results revealed that CFRP with a unidirectional pattern provided a higher tensile strength (1,162 MPa) than the twill pattern (288 MPa) with nominal strain values of 0.017 and 0.013 in the CFRP-based system, respectively. It was observed that the results of CFRP and SRPP composites provided a good agreement between experimental and numerical investigations. Moreover, the failure behaviour of CFRP and SRPP laminates was evaluated and compared with experimental and numerical results. Furthermore, practical applications of CFRP and SRPP composites for lightweight parts are presented.
Expressing anger on Mexican X/Twitter: the case of Uber customer complaints
Authors: Powell Hebe , Placencia María Elena
Published: December 2024

This paper examines anger expression in a corpus of 66 customer service complaints posted to the Mexican X/Twitter account of the online cab company, Uber. Specifically, building on work on emotions and (im)politeness as well as work on service-related anger episodes, it focuses on how these complainers signal their anger, and how these emotional expressions are related to rapport management orientation. Adopting a qualitative perspective, we observed complainers in this corpus expressing anger explicitly (using specific lexical choices such as profanities), implicitly (for example, asking rhetorical questions with semantic connotations of anger), or indulging in anger behaviours (threatening retaliatory behaviour). The majority of these strategies would be considered rapport challenging, however, certain more constructive, rapport enhancing strategies were also observed: for example, complainers portrayed themselves as approachable using medium specific in-group slang or provided means to open a dialogue to solve whatever problem they were complaining about.
Activity budget and feeding patterns of the Red Giant Gliding Squirrel (Petaurista petaurista, Pallas 1766) in the Eastern Himalayan rainforest of India
Authors: Chatakonda Murali Krishna , Chetia Hiranmoy , Kumar Awadhesh
Published: December 2024

Limited research appears on the Red Giant Gliding Squirrel (Petaurista petaurista) in general and the current study presents the first comprehensive analysis of its activity patterns, feeding behaviour, and food selection of the species in the tropical rainforests of Indian Eastern Himalayas. Surprisingly, the Red Giant Gliding Squirrel exhibited a predominantly frugivorous diet in the current study and deviates from the previously documented florivorous tendencies of Asian gliding squirrels, emphasising the crucial role of the local ecological context in understanding dietary patterns within mammals. When it comes to activity budget, the species spent the majority of the time in feeding followed by resting and travelling. The majority of the activity happened to be in the terminal canopy of the trees.