bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Core Outcome Set for Trials in Glomerular Disease
Authors: Carter Simon A. , Lightstone Liz , Cattran Dan , Tong Allison , Bagga Arvind , Barbour Sean J. , Barratt Jonathan , Boletis John , Caster Dawn J. , Coppo Rosanna , Fervenza Fernando C. , Floege Jürgen , Hladunewich Michelle A. , Hogan Jonathan J. , Kitching A. Richard , Lafayette Richard A. , Malvar Ana , Radhakrishnan Jai , Rovin Brad H. , Scholes-Robertson Nicole , Trimarchi Hernán , Zhang Hong , Anumudu Samaya , Cho Yeoungjee , Gutman Talia , O’Lone Emma , Viecelli Andrea K. , Au Eric , Azukaitis Karolis , Baumgart Amanda , Bernier-Jean Amelie , Dunn Louese , Howell Martin , Ju Angela , Logeman Charlotte , Nataatmadja Melissa , Sautenet Benedicte , Sharma Ankit , Craig Jonathan C.
Published: December 2021

Background and objectives

Outcomes reported in trials in adults with glomerular disease are often selected with minimal patient input, are heterogeneous, and may not be relevant for clinical decision making. The Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology–Glomerular Disease (SONG-GD) initiative aimed to establish a core outcome set to help ensure that outcomes of critical importance to patients, care partners, and clinicians are consistently reported.

Design, setting, participants, and measurements

We convened two 1.5-hour workshops in Melbourne, Australia, and Washington, DC, United States. Attendees were identified purposively with 50 patients/care partners and 88 health professionals from 19 countries; 51% were female. Patients and care partners were from the United States, Australia, and Canada, and had experience of a glomerular disease with systemic features (n=9), kidney-limited nephrotic disease (n=9), or other kidney-limited glomerular disease (n=8). Attendees reviewed the results of the SONG-GD Delphi survey and aims of the workshop and then discussed potential core outcomes and their implementation in trials among moderated breakout groups of eight to 12 people from diverse backgrounds. Transcripts of discussions were analyzed thematically.

Results

Three themes were identified that supported the proposed core outcomes: limiting disease progression, stability and control, and ensuring universal relevance (i.e., applicable across diverse populations and settings). The fourth theme, preparedness for implementation, included engaging with funders and regulators, establishing reliable and validated measures, and leveraging existing endorsements for patient-reported outcomes.

Conclusions

Workshop themes demonstrated support for kidney function, disease activity, death, life participation, and cardiovascular disease, and these were established as the core outcomes for trials in adults with glomerular disease. Future work is needed to establish the core measures for each domain, with funders and regulators central to the uptake of the core outcome set in trials.
Robust Computed Torque Control for Uncertain Robotic Manipulators
Authors: Ahmed Maryam Sadeq , Mary Ali Hussien M , Jasim Hisham Hassan
Published: December 2021

يدرس هذا البحث السيطرة على ذراع روبوت حيث تم إقتراح بناء منظومة سيطرة بالاعتماد على طرق السيطرة الذكية. إذ إن ذراع الروبوت تمثل نظام لا خطيا وخاصة مع عدم القدرة على تمثيل النظام بشكل مثالي بسبب ازعاجات الحمل والإخطاء التي تحصل عند نمذجة النظام وهو مايسمى uncertainty system  وهذا من خلال تحسين تحكم عزم الدورانCTC,استخدمت نظرية Lyapunov للحصول على استقرارية النظام. و تم اختبار أداء المتحكم المقترح بواسطه matlab - simulink  ومقارنتها مع متحكم عزم الدوران المحسوب التقليدي, حيث توضح نتيجة المحاكاة قوة الطريقة المقترحة ومتانتها والحصول على تتبع مسار جيد وفق الاداء الطلوب.
صمام تحكم اتجاهي يكون مغلقا في العاده
Authors: Kamal Hadeer Ali , Salloom Maher Yahya
Published: December 2021

نبذة مختصرة. تم تصميم هذا الصمام للاستخدام في صمامات التحكم الاتجاهية ، وذلك باستخدام صفات السائل المغنطيسي الريولوجي ، وتم إنشاء الاتصال المباشر بين المجالات المغناطيسية وطاقه السوائل الذكيه من دون استخدام اجزاء المتحركة كالبكرة. للوصول إلى أفضل تصميم ، تم تشغيل المحاكاة باستخدام برنامج(FEMM) لتحليل العناصر المحدودة لصمامات الرنين المغناطيسي. تم الحصول على أفضل أداء للصمام باستخدام صمام تحكم اتجاهي مغلق في الحالة العادية ،كذلك نتائج المحاكاة التي تكشف عن كثافة التدفق المغناطيسي المثلى في حالة عدم وجود التيار وفي حالة تسليط التيار، بالإضافة إلى الضغط الأمثل . أخيرًا ، أثبت صمام  فعاليته في التحكم باتجاه وسرعة المشغلات الهيدروليكية بشكل متناسب ، ويسمح التصميم الجديد باستبدال الصمامات الهيدروليكية لتكون أصغر واقل تعقيد.
Evaluation of the Main Causes of Diesel Engine Injector Failure using Fault Tree Analysis
Authors: Matar Hanan B. , Al-Zubaidi Sawsan S. , Al-Kindi Luma A.
Published: December 2021

The maintenance of the diesel engine parts in any electric power station contains many problems that lead to stopping. Several reasons lead to such problems; these reasons should be analyzed and evaluated in order to eliminate their effects. This paper is based on evaluation of the main causes that lead to diesel engine injector failure as a main part of electric power stations, using fault tree analysis (FTA). The FTA is the most broadly utilized strategies in the industrial area to perform reliability analysis of complex designing frameworks. A fault tree is a logical representation of the relationship of basic events that lead to a given unwanted event (i.e., top event).
Starting with introducing the FTA and how it could be utilized in analyzing the reasons of main issues that lead to that the injector stops working, in which the probability of occurrence of each issue is calculated. The application of the root cause analysis principle of diesel engine injector failure in diesels Haditha station is chosen as a case under study. According to the probabilities’ evaluation by using the FTA based on of the causes under the top event its value was (0.80). It is concluded from the analysis that the three largest values of the occurrence of a problem with the diesel engine injector are 0.50 for fuel problems, 0.20 for overloads, and 0.18 for nozzle head corrosion. Plant management can define a specific plan with taking into consideration the calculated value of each cause in order to reduce their impacts and to avoid long downtime hours compared to operating hours. Finally, recommandations are suggested to overcome these causes.
Examples on Simulation Model
Authors: B Pooja
Published: December 2021

Abstract: A new methodology was developed Further real-time determination gate control operations of a river-reservoir system to minimize flooding conditions. The methodology is based upon an optimization-simulation model approach interfacing the genetic algorithm within simulation software for short-term rainfall forecasting, rainfall–runoff modeling (HEC-HMS), and a one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and combined 1D and 2D combined unsteady flow models (HEC-RAS). Both realtime rainfall data from next-generation radar (NEXRAD) and gaging stations, and forecasted rainfall are needed to make gate control decisions (reservoir releases) in real-time so that at timet, rainfall is known and rainfall over the future timeperiod(∆t)totimet+ ∆t can be forecasted. This new model can be used to manage reservoir release schedules (optimal gate operations) before, during, and after a rainfall event. Through real-time observations and optimal gate controls, downstream water surface elevations are controlled to avoid exceedance of threshold flood levels at target locations throughout a riverreservoir system to minimize the damage. In an example application, an actual river reach with a hypothetical upstream flood control reservoir is modeled in real-time to test the optimization-simulation portion of the overall model. Keywords: Simulation – Random numbers- Steps for simulation – Problems.
Classification of Melanoma and Nevus for Diagnosis of Skin Cancer by Using Optimized Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Maheshwari Neha
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Melanoma is taken into account a fatal sort of carcinoma .Differentiating melanoma from nevus is difficult task. Nevus is a common pigmented skin lesion, usually developing during adulthood, which is harmless. Since they look similar it has to be identified and reduce the risk of cancer. The death rate thanks to this disease is in particular other skin-related consolidated malignancies. In this work, we have used convolution neural networks to classify the image into melanoma and nevus. The images are pre-processed using median filter, top-bottom hat filter and are passed through layers of CNN. We have achieved an accuracy of 97.56%, sensitivity of 95.23%.The F1_socre is 97.56. Index terms: Melanoma, Nevus, True Positive, True Negative, False Negative, False Positive, Confusion Matrix, Epoch, Convolution Neural Network.
Performance Metrics for Bluetooth Scatternet Scheduling Using Relays
Authors: Veluri Ravi Kishore
Published: December 2021

Abstract: While various ad hoc mobile wireless networks are already accessible, Bluetooth is one of the most up-to-date. A single-hop connection known as piconet is a simple Bluetooth communication architecture, allowing for just eight functioning electronic equipment, seven of which are operational slaves under a single master. A common hub called a relay links a huge network named Scatternet to a number of piconets. The efficacy of Scatternet design is clearly intrinsically connected to the effectiveness of relay nodes. Because every relay has several piconet transactions to process and manage, a reduction in the number of switches might lead to poor performance instead. The major aim of this research is to examine performance characteristics which impact interplay since the role of the base station is to multiple piconet transitions. In this study, we evaluate and respond to the technical issues that must be optimally solved the Scatternet data flow based on the relay node. Keywords: Bluetooth, Piconet, Scatternet, Relay Node
Prevalence of over-the-counter drug abuse among adults in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Safdar Osama Yousif , Albaz Ghaidaa Faisal , Mannan Sara Mohammed , Alshehri Wejdan Ali , Altumaihi Razan Mohammed , Bakhashwain Walaa Jamal , Khayyat Shahad Tariq , Almehmadi Wasayf Mohammed
Published: December 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of over-the-counter drug abuse among an adult population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, and a validated electronic self-administered questionnaire was administered to the general population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from June to August, 2020.
Results: Overall, 400 participants were included in this study. The majority (94%) reported the use of over-the-counter drugs, of which 15.2% reported drug-related problems following over-the-counter drug use. The most frequently preferred over-the-counter drug group was analgesics/antipyretics (90.4%). More than three-quarters of our study participants stated that they read the instructions provided in the leaflet accompanying their medications carefully before use (76.3%).
Conclusion: We found a highly significant prevalence of over-the-counter medication use, which exceeded 50%, without any significant association between over-the-counter use and other factors, except for the presence of chronic diseases. We recommend that, the Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia should play a major role in monitoring the practice of self-medication by implementing policies and creating surveillance committees to that effect.
Explaining the Concept of Learning Based on Reflection in Clinical Education: Scoping Review
Authors: Ahmady Soleiman , Ayazi Zahra , Kalantarion Masomeh , Khajeali Nasrin
Published: December 2021

Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of theoretically explaining the concept of reflection in medical science education in texts and identifying the dimensions and characteristics of education based on reflection and their application in clinical nursing education and existing models in 2021.
Methods: This scoping review was conducted in five phases following the method developed by Denyer and Tranfield. The scope of the review was limited to Reflection and Reflective in nursing education. Using the keywords in combination and separately, they were searched in databases of ERIC/ www.iranmedex.com/ www.magiran.com/ www.irandoc.ac.ir/ www.sid.ir/ www.medlib.ir/ All Sciences/ Web of Science / Search Engines Google/ Google scholar/ Scopus/ Ovid/ ERIC/ Wiley / PubMed and Science Direct from1970s to 2021.
Results: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 articles and documents were selected. During the theoretical explanation of the concepts and components of reflection in clinical nursing education, the model is abstracted. In this model: The Clinical education triangle has 3 main components in its three angles: patient, teacher, or tutor, and student. It is necessary that the sides of this triangle including teaching-learning, teaching-caring, and caring-learning to be formed in the best way and to serve the student and the patient.
Conclusions: The results of this study emphasize the practical and constructive nature of knowledge in learning based on reflection and its special position so that by eliminating the gap between theory and practice in nursing education, one can see the excellence of the operational part of education and promotion of the level of health of the society by providing an appropriate performance of the nursing staff.
CRITICAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL MODELLING OF SNOW ACCUMULATION ON ROOFS WITH ARBITRARY GEOMETRY
Authors: Belostotsky Alexander , Goryachevsky Oleg , Britikov Nikita
Published: December 2021

A review of the most significant domestic and, due to numerical superiority, foreign works on physical modelling of snow transport and snow accumulation processes, in particular, for the purpose of determining snow loads on roofs with arbitrary geometry, is presented. The existing practice of development of recommendations on assignment of snow loads in Russian laboratories is considered and critically evaluated. Comparison of do-mesticworks with scientific articles in the advanced world scientific journals and foreign regulatory documents leads to unfavorable conclusions. Recommendations on assigning snow loads, issued by Russian laboratories on the basisof extremely outdated and poorly substantiated methodology, bear a serious risk for evaluating mechan-ical safety of modern structures, for which such recommendations are developed. Recommendations are offered to remedy this current dangerous practice. The article also gives some suggestions on forming a basis for field observations of snow loads on existing roofs.
Effect of forecrop on yield of spring durum wheat and soil potassium in chernozems of southern steppe zone in Southern Urals during long-term research
Authors: Skorokhodov Vitaly Yu.
Published: December 2021

The goal of the study was to determine the infl nce of forecrops on spring durum wheat productivity and content of soil potassium in monoculture, double-cropping and six-year crop rotation at two types of nutrient statuses. The information obtained as a result of long-term experiments is of great interest, since systematic determination of nutrient elements in soil gives a correct assessment of the effect of the longterm use of fertilizers on soil fertility. Content of available forms of potassium in soil under spring durum wheat depending on different forecrops and nutrient statuses was studied. The best forecrops for durum wheat in 31-year experiments were black, soil-protecting and green fallows. The yield of durum wheat after black fallow was 1.20 t/ha under fertilization and 1.27 t/ha without using fertilizers. Vegetative mass of cropped fallow ploughed into soil and use of mineral fertilizers led to an increase in content of soil potassium. The use of mineral fertilizers has a positive effect on yield of durum wheat; the yield increase was 0.10 t/ha after soil protecting fallow, 0.11 t/ha after common wheat and 0.13 t/ha after winter rye. Content of soil potassium was higher in six-year crop rotation and it increased durum wheat productivity compared to double-cropping and monoculture.
Screening of blast resistance genes in rice breeding samples
Authors: Vozhzhova Nataliya N. , Zhogaleva Olga S. , Kupreyshvili Natia T. , Dubina Angelina Y. , Kostylev Pavel I.
Published: December 2021

Rice is one of the most widespread and cultivated crops in the world. It is necessary to increase the yield of crops or expand their sown areas to resolve a food security problem in Russia. Current impossibility of expanding rice cultivated areas in the Rostov region and the need to maintain and increase its yield require developing new disease-resistant varieties. Rice genotypes with multiple blast resistance genes avoid significant yield losses. Since pyramiding and selection of resistance genes in the same genotype through traditional selection methods are complicated, it is urgent to search for homozygous samples using marker-assisted selection methods. This study was aimed to identify Pi-1, Pi-2, Pi-33 and Pi-ta blast resistance genes in breeding rice samples by MAS-methods. The study used CTAB-method for DNA-isolation, PCR, electrophoresis on agarose and polyacrylamide gels. The resulting gels were stained in a solution of ethidium bromide and photographed in ultraviolet light. To control the presence of blast resistance genes the following parental cultivars were used: C104LAC for the Pi-1 and Pi-33 genes, C101-A-51 for the Pi-2 gene, IR36 for the Pi-ta gene; Novator and Boyarin as controls of non-functional alleles of all studied genes. The 446 selection samples of the seventh generation were analyzed. As a result of the research, 127 rice samples that combine 2 or 3 different blast resistance genes were identified. The Pi-2 and Pi-33 genes combination was identified in 43 samples (1128/1, 1149/3, 1171/2, 1177/3, 1177/4, 1186/4, et al.). Samples with three resistance genes are the most interesting for selection and further breeding. For developing new blast-resistant varieties, we recommend using rice samples with the following combinations of resistance genes Pi-1+Pi-2+Pi-33 (1197/1, 1226/2, 1271/1, 1272/2), Pi-1+Pi-2+Pi-ta (1197/4, 1304/2, 1304/3, 1482/3, 1482/4, 1486/1) and Pi-2+Pi-33+Pi-ta (1064/1, 1064/3, 1281/2, 1281/3, 1281/4, 1282/2, 1283/1, 1283/2, 1284/3).
The spatial adaptation of farming systems to the heterogeneity of plots
Authors: Savin Igor Yu.
Published: December 2021

The full exploitation of the resource potential of arable lands was analyzed in the research. The problem of completeness of the use in different farming systems was considered. It was found that at the current stage of development of farming systems, the diversity of soils and lands and, accordingly, their resource potential were most successfully incorporated in adaptive-landscape farming systems and precision farming systems. Undoubtedly, the cost of precision farming systems will decrease in the future due to the cheapening of technical means. But without introducing scientific and methodological justification for accounting of diversity of soils and land plots (as in adaptive-landscape farming systems) and heterogeneity of crops into precision farming systems, increasing the completeness of land resource potential cannot be achieved. Another important direction to improve the full use of the land resource potential is the development of a new scientific direction - Econics, and the development of technologies for leveling the heterogeneity of fields. But these directions are at the very beginning of their development.
Modified materials based on layered minerals as ameliorants for the remediation of podzol in the industrial barren
Authors: Ivanova Tatiana K. , Slukovskaya Marina V. , Mosendz Irina A. , Krasavtseva Evgeniya A. , Maksimova Victoria V. , Kanareykina Inna P. , Shirokaya Anna A. , Kremenetskaya Irina P.
Published: December 2021

Layered silicates, such as serpentine and vermiculite, have properties that make it possible to use materials based on them as components of environmental technologies. The possibility of soil remediation in industrially contaminated area, formed due to the long-term exposure to emissions from copper-nickel production (Monchegorsk, Murmansk region), was studied. Two materials were used as ameliorants in our study: expanded vermiculite and granular serpentine sorbent, a waste after using the purification technology of highly concentrated solutions from metals. These materials have a high sorption activity to several metals, a high specific surface area, the ability to retain moisture, and are available in quantities sufficient to work on the remediation of large areas. A study of the physicochemical properties of industrially polluted soil and ameliorants, direct phytotoxicity testing of podzol and its mixtures with expanded vermiculite and the serpentine sorbent (test plants - common oat Avna satva L. and red clover Trifolium pratnse L.) were carried out. The study results showed that the proposed materials were effective additives for increasing the pH of acidic soil, sorption and precipitation of Al and potentially toxic metals - Cu, Ni, Pb, Fe, and improving the soil hydrophysical and agrochemical characteristics. A positive response of test plants to the introduction of ameliorants into industrially contaminated soil was noted.
Role of different types of protective forest stands in fodder productivity of rangeland in the Western Caspian region
Authors: Rybashlykova Ludmila P. , Sivceva Svetlana N. , Mahovikova Tatyana F.
Published: December 2021

Forest pastures with different tree crown cover were studied. The seasonal dynamics of the yield and nutritional value of grass and twig-leaf fodder of forest pasture was studied. The unsystematic use of pastures in arid territories has increased the process of degradation and has become one of the factors of depletion of their natural vegetation. The use of forest reclamation in the 70s and 90s on sandy lands and pastures in the Western Caspian region made it possible to create significant areas of forest pasture land with strip and massive stands of Ulmus pumila L. and Robinia pseudoacacia L. Different types of tree stands created on pastures not only improve the microclimate and form a comfortable environment for grazing animals, but also are an additional source of valuable twig feed. The aim of the research was to study forage productivity of forest pastures with different types of plantings on the sands of the Western Caspian region. The objects of the research were forest pastures with different species composition and tree crown cover. Studies on the forage productivity of forest-reclaimed pastures were conducted in 2018-2020 on the basis of the North Caucasus branch of Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Af-forestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The research was based on field experiments and laboratory analyses. According to the results of the study, forest-reclaimed pastures with unsystematic grazing had 1.52-fold increase in productivity compared to natural ones. The largest amount of twig-leaf feed was formed in broad-band Robinia stands in summer-autumn period. The total gross stock of natural pastures of the Western Caspian region did not exceed 0.30.4 t/ha of dry weight, the consumed stock was 0.20.3 t/ha. With the help of strip and massive plantings on degraded pasture lands, it is possible to increase significantly their productivity and quality with the achievement of 7 MJ of exchange energy and 0.260.29 feed units in 1 kg of elm and robinia twig-leaf feed during droughts.
Assessment of the efficiency of agricultural land use: a case study of France
Authors: Zharov Andrey N. , Pliushchikov Vadim G.
Published: December 2021

Land is one of the key resources in agricultural production. The use of these resources is signifi antly different from the use of labor resources and financing. It is the land features that affect the assessment of their use efficiency. The analysis of literary sources has shown, there are a large number of approaches and methods to assess the effectiveness of land resources. This indicates a great interest of researchers and practitioners in the issue under study. Each of the researchers offers their own unique methodology for assessing the efficiency of land use. However, it is impossible to distinguish a single method due to various reasons. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the proposed methods are complementary. The main goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness of agricultural land use in France. In this regard we used following methods: analysis and synthesis, graphical method, method of comparisons. The analysis was carried out in three stages. The dynamics and structure of agricultural lands of the country, the harvested areas of the main groups of agricultural crops were analyzed, both cost and natural indicators were calculated. As a result, we can say that the studied indicators should be used in the express assessment of efficiency, they can also be used in the comparative assessment of the efficiency of agricultural land use. For a deeper assessment, in our opinion, it is necessary to use other methods of analysis.
EL DELITO DE INFORMACIÓN PRIVILEGIADA EN EL MERCADO DE CAPITALES (ART. 307 CPA)
Authors: Donna Sebastián Alberto
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo aborda el delito de información privilegiada o insider trading en el mercado de capitales según el artículo 307 del Código penal argentino
Rating assessment of economic security of municipalities in the region
Authors:   The Pacific National University, Syupova M. S.
Published: December 2021

Ensuring the economic security of municipalities is one of the key conditions for stable socio-economic de-velopment of the region. Recently, intraregional differentiation of territories has been growing, which increases the risk of the formation of negative factors that reduce the quality of life of the population. In order to neutralize and prevent acute social and economic problems, constant monitoring of the current state of the municipal econ-omy is necessary. As such a management tool, a rating assessment of the economic security of municipalities in the region can be used. The ranking of territories allows you to visualize the relative advantages and disadvantages of the development of territories. In addition, a systematic comparative analysis of controlled socio-economic pa-rameters will allow regional authorities to evaluate the results of the activities of local governments and improve the effectiveness of regional socio-economic policy. The article proposes a methodology for rating the economic security of municipalities, during which it is possible to visually assess the depth of the threats studied at the level of each territory. To this end, the proposed methodology is based on a system of indicators that identify the main problem areas of the socio-economic condition of the territories. To form the rating, the studied indicators are normalized and integral indices characterizing the level of economic security of municipalities are calculated. The methodology proposes criteria for assessing the level of municipal economic security (high; above average; aver-age; crisis; critical). According to the results of the study, a rating of municipal districts of the Khabarovsk Terri-tory was compiled. The study showed that the territories of the region are characterized by an unstable socio-economic condition. The leading positions in the rating are occupied by areas with an average level of economic security. Most municipal districts of the region have a crisis level of economic security, which provides for the de-velopment of a set of measures aimed at eliminating existing problems.
The Role of History and Akhlāq in Reconciliation Between Jurisprudence And Modernity
Authors: Kohantorabi Meysam
Published: December 2021

After the advent of modernity and its spread in Islamic societies, challenges arose for Muslims. At first glance, these challenges indicated the conflict between modernity and religion in general and jurisprudence in particular. For this reason, some Muslims have strongly rejected modernity, calling it the destruction of religion. Some also have abandoned religion and solely followed modernity. The purpose of this article is to provide a way to resolve differences and reconciliation between jurisprudence and modernity so that Muslims can benefit from the achievements of modernity while maintaining the basic principles of religion. To achieve this goal, jurisprudential sources were examined and jurisprudential fatwas that conflicted with modern laws were extracted. The research method in this article is based on library resources and has been criticized descriptively and analytically. To clarify the issue, examples of jurisprudential fatwas have been proposed. It should be noted that these are not all fatwas and are just examples because the purpose of this article is to provide a solution to resolve the conflict or reduce the difference between jurisprudence and modernity. In some cases, the communities that have implemented the fatwa have also been mentioned. After examining the origin of these fatwas, it became clear that some of them were related to specific circumstances and specific times, and others conflicted with the basic principles of ethics. Therefore, the finding of this article is that there are two basic strategies to resolve or reduce this conflict; firstly, the jurisprudential fatwa should be adapted to the principles of Islamic ethics; and secondly, the historical context of the issuance of the fatwa should be considered. This leads us to the conclusion that some fatwas can only be implemented in certain circumstances and can be revised today due to the change in those circumstances. By applying these two strategies, it is possible to reconcile to a large extent between jurisprudence and that part of the achievements of modernity that are compatible with human rights and dignity.
بين مفهومي الجهاد والإرهاب: دراسة في المفهوم والأهداف لحركة القاعدة وتنظيم داعش أنموذجا
Authors: Mansor Muhamad Sayuti , Kamarudin Mohamad Azwan
Published: December 2021

In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, Islam has fell victim to the allegation that relates it to terrorism. This is due to the rise of terrorist movements such as al-Qaeda and ISIS that claim to be representing Islam and pursuing the holy war (jihād) to establish an Islamic caliphate (al-khilāfah al-Islāmiyyah). These terrorist movements also used the same terms and concepts that can be found in the traditional Muslim scholarship, such as the abode of Islam and the abode of war (dār al-Islām wa dār alḥarb), loyalty and disavowal (al-walā’ wa al-barā’), and excommunicating Muslims (takfīr). Thus, this study seeks to analyse these two concepts of jihād and terrorism (irhāb) to locate both their similarities and differences. Comparison is made from several aspects such as etymology and history and lastly its application in our contemporary reality in relation to other relevant terms and concepts as mentioned above. This study finds that there are substantial differences between jihād and irhāb, and it is the failure to grasp the ever evolving and developing nature of Islamic law (fiqh) and the contemporary reality that led to this confusion.
MUSEU XUCURUS: O SILÊNCIO DO ACERVO E AS POLIFONIAS DOS SUJEITOS
Authors: Ferro Larissa Ferreira , Peixoto José Adelson Lopes
Published: December 2021

Este artigo apresenta narrativas sobre o Museu Xucurus de História, Arte e Costumes, localizado no prédio da Igreja Nossa Senhora do Rosário, em Palmeira dos Índios, Alagoas. Apesar do nome fazer homenagem aos indígenas, os Xukuru-Kariri não se sentem representados pelo acervo. Desde a sua fundação, o museu é palco de embates entre a prefeitura, a sociedade e a diocese e com o passar dos anos, se converteu em um espaço de dualidades entre o instituído e o desejado, pois apresenta um acervo sem tratamento ou catalogação e a exposição não dialoga entre si, nem com a cultura local. Teoricamente nos amparamos em Schwarcz (2008), Clifford (1994), Chagas (2007), De L'Estoile (2011), Silva e Gordon (2011) para compreender a gênese das disputas que culminaram na tentativa de transferir o acervo para outro espaço. Metodologicamente, entrevistamos lideranças indígenas, membros do Conselho Municipal de Cultura, o Prefeito e a Secretária de Cultura para ouvir narrativas e argumentos dos principais envolvidos no imbróglio, principalmente os indígenas que nomeiam o museu e não são consultados sobre a exposição de seus artefatos.
O BOM BÁRBARO E OUTRAS HISTÓRIAS
Authors: Fernandes Eunícia Barros Barcelos
Published: December 2021

O Pós Segunda Guerra acentuou críticas à razão moderna, redimensionou as relações entre os povos e construiu uma conceitual defesa da diferença nunca antes imaginada. No Brasil, a década de 1950 significou um avanço nas discussões e nas ações em prol do nacionalismo e da modernização. A partir da análise de representações públicas do período, tais como artigos de revistas de grande circulação - O Cruzeiro -, depoimentos de intelectuais, criação de cursos, de museus e mesmo do Parque Indígena do Xingu, o presente artigo defende esse momento como chave para a compreensão de atuais representações acerca dos indígenas, bem como de relações entre indígenas e não indígenas no país. Argumenta que os novos contextos reconfiguraram antigos sentidos, estabelecendo simultaneamente a atualização de estereótipos, bem como a exigência de sua revisão.
STREET FIGHT, VINGANÇA E GUERRA: ARTISTAS INDÍGENAS PARA ALÉM DO “PRODUZIR OU MORRER”
Authors: De Moura Clarissa Diniz
Published: December 2021

O artigo analisa a inscrição da arte indígena contemporânea no contexto hegemônico da arte brasileira a partir das noções de violência epistêmica, guerra e vingança. No texto, as estratégias performativas e discursivas dos artistas Jaider Esbell e Denilson Baniwa são friccionadas ao Movimento Antropófago e sua historicização, propondo uma reflexão de caráter ético e político.
A PROMESSA DE CLÊNIO KARUAZU: HISTÓRIA E IMAGENS DA RELIGIÃO INDÍGENA NO SERTÃO DE ALAGOAS
Authors: Peixoto José Adelson Lopes , De Mendonça Vinícius Alves
Published: December 2021

O etnodocumentário Promessa de Clênio Karuazu: por uma graça alcançada foi gravado após o período que marcou o reconhecimento étnico dos indígenas da região sertaneja de Alagoas e apresenta cenas do cotidiano dos Karuazu, imagens inéditas àquela época. Visamos, através da análise da produção citada, realizar um estudo sobre a consolidação, pautada na religião, da imagem desses indígenas perante a sociedade e o Estado após terem sido reconhecidos. Metodologicamente, analisamos o etnodocumentário conforme autores como Ginzburg (1989), Candau (2016), Peixoto (2018) e Amorim (2017), embasando os estudos também nas experiências etnográficas sobre a religião proveniente do Tronco Pankararu, o qual originou os povos indígenas do Sertão de Alagoas (Jiripankó, Karuazu, Kalankó, Koiupanká, Katokinn e Pankararu), intercruzando as fontes durante o estudo da imagem religiosa dessas populações.
“O ESSENCIAL É INVISÍVEL AOS OLHOS”: PERCEPÇÕES ACERCA DA INTERCULTURALIDADE E ETNOMATEMÁTICA NO ATENDIMENTO À INFÂNCIA INDÍGENA
Authors: Santino Fernando Schlindwein , Ciríaco Klinger Teodoro
Published: December 2021

Relatamos dados de uma investigação cujo o objeto fora ações desenvolvidas no âmbito de um projeto de extensão promovido pela Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul – UFMS, Campus Naviraí. Trata-se do curso Infância, Interculturalidade e Etnomatemática na Educação Infantil: o atendimento à criança indígena, em que o público-alvo fora professoras que tinham crianças de duas etnias (Guarani e Kaiowá) matriculadas nas instituições em que trabalhavam. Objetivou-se compreender impactos deste à promoção de práticas pedagógicas que valorizem a Interculturalidade na perspectiva da Etnomatemática desde a infância. O referencial teórico contempla documentos e produções sobre as temáticas-chaves da discussão em uma ampla relação com a cultura indígena. A metodologia se enquadra na descrição e análise prévia de respostas ao questionário desenvolvido no encontro inicial. As questões analisadas apontam para a existência de algumas barreiras para que o atendimento à infância indígena se faça de forma mais inclusiva, uma vez que, as docentes declararam, por exemplo, a língua nativa [Guarani] como fator determinante às dificuldades no processo de exploração das noções matemáticas, justamente por não compreenderem os termos adotados pelas crianças.
A ALTERIDADE NA LITERATURA: DA VOZ-PRÁXIS DA DIFERENÇA COMO LITERATURA – O CASO DA LITERATURA INDÍGENA BRASILEIRA CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Danner Leno Francisco , Danner Fernando , Dorrico Julie
Published: December 2021

defendemos que a literatura, por causa de sua estrutura anti-paradigmática, possibilita a expressão da voz-práxis das diferenças como diferenças enquanto a condição fundante da crítica social e do ativismo político. Ela permite a recusa em bloco do paradigma normativo da modernidade – formalismo, neutralidade, imparcialidade e impessoalidade – enquanto o método e a práxis por excelência da justificação normativa e, com isso, ela também nega que a realização da crítica social e do ativismo político se dê exclusivamente desde o cientificismo e em termos de institucionalismo. No caso da literatura indígena, o que percebemos é exatamente a retomada do xamanismo como correlação de auto-afirmação e auto-reconstrução antropológico-ontológicas e, a partir disso, como crítica social e ativismo político das minorias por elas mesmas – ele é tanto uma forma de vida quanto uma práxis política. Nesse sentido, argumentaremos, a partir do exemplo da literatura indígena brasileira hodierna, que as alteridades encontram na literatura um espaço epistemológico, político e normativo que lhes permite reconhecerem-se e expressarem-se como minorias, significando sua práxis desde sua própria condição antropológico-ontológica, epistemológico-política e simbólico-normativa, sem necessidade de reducionismos científicos e de paternalismos institucionalistas. Por outras palavras, as alteridades podem realizar uma práxis de resistência e de afirmação por si mesmas e desde si mesmas, a partir de seu horizonte, valores e práticas, sem necessidade de assumirem o cientificismo como condição da argumentação, da reflexividade e da emancipação.
INTERPRETAR OU DESCREVER: NOTAS CRÍTICAS SOBRE O CONHECIMENTO ANTROPOLÓGICO
Authors: Bazin Jean
Published: December 2021

Este texto que ora apresentamos é uma tradução inédita do capítulo Interpréter ou décrire. Notes critiques sur la connaissance anthropologique de Jean Bazin (1941-2001). O diretor de estudos da EHESS abriu novos caminhos para a antropologia ao questionar as operações subjacentes à prática da pesquisa de campo. Segundo ele, esse dispositivo não se limita a coletar fatos já existentes, mas produz um conhecimento próprio que se dá em situações singulares de interações compartilhadas. Bem descrito, ele não fornece apenas materiais empíricos a serem interpretados, mas também se deixa entender como um aprendizado recíproco e igualitário. A perspectiva pragmática desenvolvida por Bazin acompanha sua crítica radical ao holismo e ao culturalismo. Etnolinguista da prática da língua bambara (Mali) e analista das lógicas do campo político, Bazin ampliou as perspectivas da antropologia, indo além de suas ideologias e utopias.
MULHERES TENTEHAR, INOVAM, TRANSGRIDEM, LIDERAM
Authors: Almeida Emerson Rubens Mesquita , Ramos Alcida Rita
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho dedica-se ao protagonismo das mulheres tentehar a nível local e mais além. Para demonstra-lo, esta análise focaliza um conjunto de relações sociais construídas a partir da criação da Aldeia Lagoa Quieta, em Amarante do Maranhão. No centro desse processo está uma família em que as mulheres desempenham papeis decisivos. Partindo de uma abordagem histórica, porque entendemos que toda estrutura sócio-política é indissociável dos processos históricos que a formam, adotamos a categoria sagacidade, formulada a partir de teorias nativas para investigar os processos que fizeram com que as mulheres dessa família assumissem papeis socialmente destacados, contrariando trabalhos etnográficos anteriores em que elas são ignoradas ou relegadas ao segundo plano da cultura tentehar.
POVO AVÁ-CANOEIRO: EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR INDÍGENA E INTERCULTURALIDADE CRÍTICA
Authors: Da Silva Lorranne Gomes , Nazareno Elias
Published: December 2021

O povo indígena Avá-Canoeiro está localizado em dois Estados brasileiros, em Goiás com uma família de 08 indígenas e em Tocantins onde vivem outras famílias com aproximadamente 22 indígenas. A pesquisa foi realizada com os Avá-Canoeiro de Goiás. O texto está organizado em duas análises, a primeira é sobre as tentativas de acesso à educação formal, e a segunda abordará o processo de constituição da Escola Indígena Ikatoté, que esteve pautado em uma proposta de Educação Escolar Indígena vinculada aos princípios pedagógicos da interculturalidade crítica, da diversidade linguística e do respeito aos processos próprios de aprendizagem, tendo em vista a realidade e a história desse povo. Para a efetivação dessa pesquisa foram realizadas diversas atividades de campo que contaram com a realização de entrevistas, oficinas e atividades de ordem didático-pedagógicas. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstraram que as dificuldades de acesso dos Avá-Canoeiro a uma educação diferenciada e intercultural, como assegura a Constituição de 1988 e a LDB (1996), continuam sendo enormes como pode-se observar nas diversas tentativas de criação da Escola Indígena Ikatoté ao longo dos últimos 20 anos.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Quintero Pablo
Published: December 2021

Texto de apresentação do segundo número do décimo quarto volume da revista Espaço Ameríndio.
ATRIBUIÇÃO PELOS OUTROS: DISCUTINDO AS CATEGORIAS “CABOCLO” E “MULATA” ATRAVÉS DAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE LÉLIA GONZALEZ E CARMEM IZABEL RODRIGUES
Authors: Moreira Jade Neves
Published: December 2021

Resenha das obras "Racismo e sexismo na cultura brasileira", de Lélia González e "Caboclos na Amazônia: a identidade na diferença", de Carmen Izabel Rodrigues.
TERRITORIALIDADES ORIGINÁRIAS E A COSMOLOGIA KAIOWÁ E GUARANI: AUTO-ORGANIZAÇÃO CONTRA O AGRONEGÓCIO, OS CRIMES SOCIOAMBIENTAIS E A PANDEMIA
Authors: Benites Eliel , Monfort Gislaine , Gisloti Laura Jane
Published: December 2021

Na região sul do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul os povos Kaiowá e Guarani constroem uma luta incessante contra a usurpação de seus territórios tradicionais pelas fronteiras extrativistas do agronegócio que é dominante na região. Nesse sentido, a pandemia da Covid-19 fez emergir profundas reflexões, narrativas e ações frente a mais um contexto de enfrentar o paradoxo de sobreviver às epidemias as quais não foram responsáveis. Desta forma, buscamos tecer e compartilhar algumas reflexões que por um lado evidenciem elementos sobre a cosmologia, a biopolítica e a geopolítica da pandemia e que por outro lado, demonstrem as múltiplas estratégias de resistência frente ao agronegócio e no enfrentamento a Covid-19. Metodologicamente, reunimos referenciais teóricos, a partir de um levantamento bibliográfico que teve como referenciais as lutas socioterritoriais e a cosmologia Kaiowá e Guarani contra a pandemia, o colonialismo, o Estado e os crimes do agronegócio. Objetivando aprofundar o diálogo e ampliar a construção de conhecimentos apresentamos no desenvolvimento final dos resultados e discussão uma passagem a respeito da ótica Kaiowá e Guarani sobre saúde, doenças e pandemia.
COVID-19, SINDEMIA E VIOLÊNCIA ESTRUTURAL: PARTICIPAÇÃO SOCIAL E PROTESTO NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA AOS POVOS INDÍGENAS NO MATO GROSSO DO SUL, BRASIL.
Authors: Scopel Raquel Paiva Dias , Scopel Daniel
Published: December 2021

Os Povos Indígenas no Mato Grosso do Sul enfrentam a pandemia da COVID-19 vivenciando o agravamento das iniquidades em saúde com impactos negativos que ameaçam sua reprodução biossocial. O cenário é o de uma sindemia (SINGER e RYLKO-BAUER, 2021) que se caracteriza pela interação sinérgica entre a pandemia de Covid-19 com violência estrutural, racismo, degradação ambiental, intrusão e esbulho de territórios tradicionais. O artigo trata de pesquisa etnográfica sobre os processos de participação social na gestão dos serviços públicos de atenção primária durante o período de enfrentamento à pandemia de COVID-19. Destacamos necessidade de diálogo interétnico como condição necessária para a eficiência na gestão dos serviços de saúde e para a garantia de direitos indígenas. A pandemia de COVID-19 deixa lições que precisam ser observadas. Uma delas é de que a urgência não deve ser a do “rápido retorno ao mundo como o conhecíamos” (SINGER e RYLKO-BAUER, 2021:21), mas, sim, a de conquistar um futuro em que problemas de saúde e injustiças sociais sejam enfrentados concomitantemente
PERSONAS E HABITUS: ESTUDO DE PERFIS ANTRÓPICOS NA AMAZÔNIA ORIENTAL
Authors: Dos Santos Fernandes Daniel , Dos Santos Fernandes José Guilherme
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é conceituar a antropização, realizando-se um levantamento histórico da presença humana na Amazônia oriental. Caracteriza-se a personagem/persona antrópica como agente humano de transformação do ambiente, pautando-se na legislação brasileira e na territorialização de povos e comunidades tradicionais e suas etnicidades. Por fim, como operacionalização do conceito de perfil antrópico, propõe-se a identificação deste perfil em habilidades produtivas e traços de comportamento, geradores de ações/narrativas antrópicas. Além da utilização de documentos estatais, este estudo se pautou em referencial de Aristóteles (1976), DaMatta (2010), Lima e Pozzobon (2005), Little (2002), Poutignat (2011), Veríssimo (1883) e Bourdieu (2004).
TEMPO, LUGAR E INTERCULTURALIDADE NA PERSPECTIVA DOS ESTUDANTES INDÍGENAS DO CURSO DE EDUCAÇÃO INTERCULTURAL – UFG
Authors: Nazareno Elias , Araújo Ordália Cristina Gonçalves , Pereira Tamiris Maia Gonçalves
Published: December 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo básico discutir, a partir da experiência docente no Curso de Educação Intercultural - UFG, a pretensa universalização do conceito de tempo das sociedades ocidentalizadas. Debates em sala de aula, trabalhos individuais e em grupo para registros de narrativas orais e escritas e confecção de mapas existenciais contribuíram para corroborar com o pressuposto de que determinadas culturas, dentre elas as indígenas, experimentam o “tempo” desde o lugar em que estão inseridas, prescindindo da perspectiva linear, cronológica e processual do tempo. Toda a trajetória pedagógica das aulas e a reflexão dos resultados tiveram como aporte teórico as discussões em torno do enfoque enactivo (ESCOBAR, 2003, 2005; MALDONADO-TORRES, 2010; NAZARENO; CARDOSO, 2013; SANTOS, 2006).
DECOLONIALIDADE E PERSPECTIVA NEGRA: RACISMO, POVOS INDÍGENAS E A DITADURA MILITAR NO BRASIL
Authors: Cardoso Fernando Da Silva , Tavares Joyce Da Silva
Published: December 2021

Este ensaio apresenta algumas intersecções entre a matriz colonial racista e o apagamento histórico de graves violações de direitos humanos direcionadas pelo militarismo brasileiro a populações indígenas. O objetivo geral assumido é o de problematizar o imaginário etno-colonial-racista de dominação e violação de direitos indígenas no militarismo brasileiro a partir de uma perspectiva decolonial negra. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico, de caráter exploratório, que busca reler o tema eleito a partir de marcos teóricos decoloniais negros, visando apresentar novas lentes à leitura deste quadro. A discussão sobre como a ideologia etno-colonial-racista esteve presente, implicitamente, nas violências direcionadas a povos indígenas, através das ações militares, aponta para a necessidade de serem construídas novas chaves de leitura. Aponta-se que o quadro justransicional brasileiro, em relação aos povos indígenas, é marcado por uma abordagem que subalterniza marcadores étnico-culturais importantes. As notas construídas apontam que políticas justransicionais pautadas na noção de justiça étnico-coletiva podem evidenciar os marcadores etno-colonial-racistas de diferenciação que perfizeram as violências totalitárias e apontar para uma perspectiva de não-repetição que considere como o racismo e o colonialismo foram determinantes nesse contexto.