bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Margin Clearance and the Number of Stages of Mohs Micrographic Surgery in Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Daniel Vijaya T. , Azzolino Vincent , Abraham Maria , Leonard Nicholas , Blankenship Kaitlin , Lal Karan , Flahive Julie , Brown Regina , Tkachenko Elizabeth , Teymour Shereen , El Tal Abdel Kader , Mahmoud Bassel H.
Published: June 2024

How patient and tumor factors influence clearance margins and the number of Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) stages when treating basal cell carcinoma (BCC) remains widely uncharacterized. It is important to elucidate these relationships, as surgical outcomes may be compared nationally between colleagues. Our objective is to evaluate the relationships between defect size and patient demographics, as well as between BCC subtypes and the number of MMS stages. Our second objective is to compare practice patterns and characteristics of patients requiring MMS at academic centers and private practices. A retrospective chart review was performed using data collected at academic centers (2015–2018) and private practices (2011–2018) of BCC patients older than 18 years old who underwent MMS. In total, 7651 patients with BCC requiring MMS were identified. Academic center adjusted analyses demonstrated clearance margins 0.1 mm higher for every year’s increase in age (p < 0.0001) and 0.25 increase in MMS stages for high-risk BCC (p < 0.0001). Private practice adjusted analyses demonstrated clearance margins 0.04 mm higher for every year’s increase in age (p < 0.0001). Clearance margins correlate with older age, and additional MMS stages correlate with high-risk BCC, suggesting the role patient and tumor factors may play in predicting tumor clearance and MMS stages.
The Mechanical Properties of Geopolymers as a Function of Their Shaping and Curing Parameters
Authors: Zoude Camille , Prud’homme Elodie , Johannes Kévyn , Gremillard Laurent
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the impact of curing conditions, porosity and shaping techniques on the mechanical properties of metakaolin-based geopolymers. Geopolymers offer versatility in shaping, including 3D printing, yet the influence of curing conditions after printing on mechanical properties remains unclear. This is assessed by measuring the bending properties of 3D-printed metakaolin-based geopolymer filaments cured under varied humidity and temperature conditions. The influences of porosity and of shaping technique are observed by comparing the compression properties of molded and 3D-printed samples of various porosity. Samples cured at low humidity exhibit unusually high mechanical properties, which decrease when moved from a dry to a humid environment. This behavior may be due to the presence of PEG within the composition and/or to residual stresses due to the too rapid evacuation of water. High humidity is therefore necessary to ensure optimal curing and stable properties. Increasing the curing temperature helps accelerate geopolymerization without significantly compromising mechanical properties. Direct ink writing offers design flexibility and suitable porosity, but the samples appear to exhibit different failure mechanisms than the molded samples. Additional studies are necessary to understand the interactions between PEG and the geopolymer as well as to better identify the fracture mechanisms within the different samples.
Cephalometric Evaluation of Children with Short Stature of Genetic Etiology: A Review
Authors: Paltoglou George , Ziakas Nickolas , Chrousos George P. , Yapijakis Christos
Published: June 2024

Introduction: A plethora of biological molecules regulate chondrogenesis in the epiphyseal growth plate. Disruptions of the quantity and function of these molecules can manifest clinically as stature abnormalities of various etiologies. Traditionally, the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) axis represents the etiological centre of final stature attainment. Of note, little is known about the molecular events that dominate the growth of the craniofacial complex and its correlation with somatic stature. Aim: Given the paucity of relevant data, this review discusses available information regarding potential applications of lateral cephalometric radiography as a potential clinical indicator of genetic short stature in children. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed electronic database using the keywords: cephalometric analysis and short stature; cephalometric analysis and achondroplasia; cephalometric analysis and hypochondroplasia; cephalometric analysis and skeletal abnormalities; cephalometr* and SHOX; cephalometr* and CNP; cephalometr* and ACAN; cephalometr* and CNVs; cephalometr* and IHH; cephalometr* and FGFR3; cephalometr* and Noonan syndrome; cephalometr* and “Turner syndrome”; cephalometr* and achondroplasia. Results: In individuals with genetic syndromes causing short stature, linear growth of the craniofacial complex is confined, following the pattern of somatic short stature regardless of its aetiology. The angular and linear cephalometric measurements differ from the measurements of the average normal individuals and are suggestive of a posterior placement of the jaws and a vertical growth pattern of the face. Conclusions: The greater part of the existing literature regarding cephalometric measurements in short-statured children with genetic syndromes provides qualitative data. Furthermore, cephalometric data for individuals affected with specific rare genetic conditions causing short stature should be the focus of future studies. These quantitative data are required to potentially establish cut-off values for reference for genetic testing based on craniofacial phenotypes.
Assessment of Modeled Mean Radiant Temperature in Hot and Dry Environments: A Case Study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alzahrani Ali , Gadi Mohamed
Published: June 2024

Envi-met is the most-used simulation tool to assess outdoor thermal comfort in urban microclimates. Considering reported disparities between modeled and observed mean radiant temperature (MRT), failing to accurately predict the MRT may have a negative impact on the conclusions drawn by urban designers and policy makers. Therefore, this study aims to validate the Envi-met model’s efficiency for predicting MRT in the hot arid climate of Mecca city. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to investigate the settings and inputs of Envi-met, including two- and six-directional methods for calculating MRT, shortwave radiation projection factors, Indexed View Sphere (IVS), Advanced Canopy Radiation Transfer (ACRT), and the localization of materials and vegetation. Two statistical metrics (RMSE and MAE) were employed to assess Envi-met’s performance for the two evaluation points. Envi-met produced the best results with the 6-directional, ƒp-RayM (in winter) and ƒp-City (in summer), IVS on and ACRT on mode, and localized soil condition, materials, and vegetation inputs. An analysis of the modeled MRT results illustrated that error magnitudes were decreased significantly as a result of sufficient settings and inputs; for example, RMSE was improved by 2.31 and 8.48 K in the winter and summer open site results, respectively, and by 7.30 K in the summer under-tree site. Overall, the results of winter and summer analyses demonstrate average RMSE of 4.99 K and MAE of 4.02 K. The findings illustrate that substantial enhancement of model performance can be achieved through the use of proper settings and inputs.
Historic Changes and Future Projections in Köppen–Geiger Climate Classifications in Major Wine Regions Worldwide
Authors: Andrade Cristina , Fonseca André , Santos João A. , Bois Benjamin , Jones Gregory V.
Published: June 2024

A valuable tool for comprehending and characterizing climate patterns on a global scale is the Köppen–Geiger climate classification system. When it comes to wine production, the climate of a region plays an essential role in determining whether specific grape varieties can be cultivated, largely determining the style of wine that can be made, and influencing the consistency of overall wine quality. In this study, the application of the Köppen–Geiger classification system to the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) experiments has been explored. To establish a baseline for the historical period (1970–2000), the WorldClim dataset was used alongside a selection of an ensemble of 14 Global Climate Models. The evaluation of climate variability across winemaking regions is conducted by considering future climate projections from 2041 to 2060, which are based on different anthropogenic radiative forcing scenarios (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, SSP2–4.5, and SSP5–8.5). The results are the most comprehensive documentation of both the historical climate classifications for most wine regions worldwide and the potential changes in these classifications in the future. General changes in climate types are projected to occur largely in a significant shift from a warm summer climate to a hot summer climate in temperate and dry zones worldwide (climate types C and B, respectively). This shift poses challenges for grape cultivation and wine production. The grape development process can be significantly affected by high temperatures, which could result in early ripening and changes in the grape berry’s aromatic compounds. As regions transition and experience different climates, wine producers are required to adapt their vineyard management strategies by implementing suitable measures that can effectively counter the detrimental impacts of abiotic stresses on grape quality and vineyard health. These adaptation measures may include changes in canopy and soil management, using different variety-clone-rootstock combinations, adopting irrigation methods, or shifting into other microclimatic zones, among other effective techniques. To ensure long-term sustainability, wine producers must consider the climatic change projections that are specific to their region, allowing them to make more informed decisions about vineyard management practices, reducing risks, and ultimately making the wine industry more resilient and adaptive to the ongoing effects of climate change.
Durable and High-Temperature-Resistant Superhydrophobic Diatomite Coatings for Cooling Applications
Authors: Pereira José , Souza Reinaldo , Moreira António , Moita Ana
Published: June 2024

The present work is aimed at the development of superhydrophobic coatings and surfaces with enhanced robustness and boiling temperature resistance. We will address the synthesis method of the coatings, which was based on the preparation of a composite of silanized diatomite particles embedded in epoxy resin. After the synthesis of the composite solution, it was applied by dip-coating in stainless steel substrates and submitted to a post-treatment cure in an oven. The method proved to be a comparatively fast and simple one. Then, the substrate/coating sets were characterized using different techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and their water contact angle and roughness were measured. Apart from this, the physical and chemical robustness of the sets was also tested using diverse resistance tests like adhesion strength, abrasion resistance, resistance to strong acids and bases, and resistance to boiling water. The main results are that we obtained robust coatings, with wettability defined by water contact angles above 150°. Also, the synthesized coatings revealed good resistance to boiling water, as their properties were almost unchanged after the completion of a long period of tests. The characterization of the produced coatings suggested their propensity to be explored for use in water boiling surfaces and interfaces for cooling purposes in boiling heat transfer systems.
Effect of Temperature and Immersion Time on Corrosion of Pipeline Steel Caused by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria
Authors: Wei Yulong , Li Pei , Liang Qingwen , Wu Baihong , Shen Junjie , Jiang Huifang , Liu Qingjian
Published: June 2024

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are the primary cause of corrosion in oil and gas pipeline steel. To understand how temperature and immersion time affect the SRB-induced corrosion of BG L450OQO-RCB pipe steel, the present study delved into the morphology and elemental composition of corrosion products, corrosion rate, corrosion solution composition, and electrochemical performance at different temperatures (25, 40, and 60 °C) and immersion times (5, 10, and 20 days). During the SRB corrosion of the investigated steel, extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), iron sulfide, and iron phosphide were produced on the surfaces of the steel samples, along with the calcium carbonate product. Chloride ions in the corrosion solution contributed to the corrosion of steel and the formation of chlorides on steel surfaces. Over time, the quantities of EPSs, iron sulfide, and iron phosphide gradually decreased with immersion time. The presence of surface iron chloride initially increased and then decreased with immersion time. Conversely, the presence of calcium carbonate surface product initially decreased and then increased with immersion time. The content of SRB extracellular polymer, iron sulfide, and iron phosphide changed imperceptibly between 25 and 40 °C, but the overall content decreased at 60 °C. The content of surface ferric chloride remained practically unchanged between 25 and 40 °C but increased at 60 °C. The calcium carbonate surface product increased slightly with higher temperature. The corrosion of Cu-containing steel by SRB follows the cathodic depolarization theory.
Theoretical Study of the Magnetic Properties of the SmFe12−xMox (x = 1, 2) and SmFe10Mo2H Compounds
Authors: Benea Diana , Barna Eduard , Pop Viorel , Isnard Olivier
Published: June 2024

We present theoretical investigations examining the electronic and magnetic properties of the SmFe12−xMox (x = 1, 2) and SmFe10Mo2H compounds, including magneto-crystalline anisotropy, magnetic moments, exchange-coupling parameters, and Curie temperatures. The spin-polarized fully relativistic Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker (SPR-KKR) band structure method has been employed, using the coherent potential approximation (CPA) to deal with substitutional disorder. Hubbard-U correction was applied to the local spin density approximation (LSDA+U) in order to account for the significant correlation effects arising from the 4f electronic states of Sm. According to our calculations, the total magnetic moments increases with H addition, in agreement with experimental data. Adding one H atom in the near-neighbor environment of the Fe 8j site reduces the magnetic moments of Fe 8j and enhances the magnetic moment of Fe 8f. For every investigated alloy, the site-resolved spin magnetic moments of Fe on the 8i, 8j, and 8f sites exhibit the same magnitude sequence, with msFe (8i) > msFe (8j) > msFe (8f). While the addition of H has a positive impact on magneto-crystalline anisotropy energy (MAE), the increase in Mo concentration is detrimental to MAE. The computed exchange-coupling parameters reveal the highest values between the closest Fe 8i spins, followed by Fe 8i and Fe 8j spins, for all investigated alloys. The Curie temperature of the alloys under investigation is increased by decreasing the Mo concentration or by H addition, which is qualitatively consistent with experimental findings.
Evaluation of Online Inquiry Competencies of Chilean Elementary School Students: A Dataset
Authors: Chourio-Acevedo Luz , González-Ibañez Roberto
Published: June 2024

In the age of abundant digital content, children and adolescents face the challenge of developing new information literacy competencies, particularly those pertaining to online inquiry, in order to thrive academically and personally. This article addresses the challenge encountered by Chilean students in developing online inquiry competencies (OICs) essential for completing school assignments, particularly in natural science education. A diagnostic study was conducted with 279 elementary school students (from fourth to eighth grade) from four educational institutions in Chile, representing diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. An instrument aligned with the national curriculum, featuring questions related to natural sciences, was administered through a game named NEURONE-Trivia, which integrates a search engine and a logging component to record students’ search behavior. The primary outcome of this study is a dataset comprising demographic information, self-perception, and information-seeking behaviors data collected during students’ online search sessions for natural science research tasks. This dataset serves as a valuable resource for researchers, educators, and practitioners interested in investigating the interplay between demographic characteristics, self-perception, and information-seeking behaviors among elementary students within the context of OIC development. Furthermore, it enables further examination of students’ search behaviors concerning source evaluation, information retrieval, and information utilization.
Clinical Factors on Dental Implant Fractures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Manfredini Mattia , Poli Pier Paolo , Giboli Luca , Beretta Mario , Maiorana Carlo , Pellegrini Matteo
Published: June 2024

Dental implant fractures pose a significant challenge to long-term treatment success. This systematic review aims to comprehensively examine the clinical factors influencing dental implant fractures (IFs). Furthermore, strategies to choose the right type of implant and prevent this complication are addressed. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Eligible studies included retrospective case–control, prospective cohort studies, and clinical trials. The initial search yielded 361 articles, of which 312 were excluded being these reviews, case reports, irrelevant, or written in languages other than English. This left 49 articles, with only 6 meeting the eligibility criteria for an in-depth review. These studies, all retrospective case–control, examine implant characteristics, patient demographics, surgical and prosthetic variables, biomechanical and functional factors, clinical and procedural variables, complications and maintenance issues. The risk of bias was assessed as low using the ROBINS-I tool. Key findings suggest a correlation between implant diameter and structural resistance, with wider implants demonstrating reduced fracture risk. Additionally, posterior regions, especially molars and premolars, exhibit higher susceptibility to IFs due to increased masticatory forces. Implant design and material may considerably influence fracture risk, with conical implants and screw-retained prostheses showing higher vulnerability. Biomechanical overload, particularly in patients with bruxism, emerges as a primary contributing factor to IFs. Prosthesis type significantly influences fracture incidence, with cantilever prostheses posing a higher risk due to increased stress. Peri-implant bone loss is strongly associated with IFs, emphasizing the need for meticulous preoperative assessments and individualized management strategies. Future research should prioritize larger and heterogeneous populations with long-term follow-up and standardized methodologies to enhance the generalizability and comparability of findings. Randomized controlled trials and biomechanical studies under controlled conditions are also essential to elucidate the complex interactions contributing to IFs and developing effective prevention strategies. Additionally, integrating patient-reported outcomes may offer a comprehensive understanding of the impact of IFs on quality of life.
Professional Learning Communities of Student Teachers in Internship
Authors: Theurl Peter , Frick Eva , Barrios Elvira
Published: June 2024

Since the early 1990s, professional learning communities (PLCs) have been widely recognized as an effective, extensively researched approach to professional development, school improvement, and student learning enhancement as well as leadership development within educational settings. Nevertheless, there remains a scarcity of research concerning the impact of this approach to professional development within the context of initial teacher education. The present study is one of the first to systematically examine the possibilities and potential of PLCs for student teachers in their practical pedagogical studies (internship). In particular, the study examines whether Student-Teacher PLCs (ST-PLCs) can be implemented in pre-teacher education and the perceptions of student teachers concerning their participation and professional learning within an ST-PLC. A total of 56 students from the University of Education Vorarlberg (Austria), the University of Málaga (Spain), and the European University Cyprus participated in the study, responding to an online questionnaire and engaging in focus-group interviews. The data collected indicated that ST-PLCs serve as a robust strategy for collaborative learning and the development of professional competencies. An analysis of the qualitative data showed that ST-PLCs are spaces where the reflection and analysis of teaching-related topics are stimulated, supported, shared, encouraged, and enhanced.
Design of Ultrasonic Guided Wave Pipeline Non-Destructive Testing System Based on Adaptive Wavelet Threshold Denoising
Authors: Huang Si-Yu , Guo Ying-Qing , Zang Xu-Lei , Xu Zhao-Dong
Published: June 2024

Guided wave ultrasonic testing (GWUT) within the realm of pipeline inspection is an efficacious approach; however, current GWUT systems are characterized by high costs and power consumption, and their detection results are significantly susceptible to noise interference. Addressing these issues, this study introduces a GWUT system predicated on adaptive wavelet threshold denoising, centered around a low-power main controller, achieving cost-effective and low-power-consumption pipeline non-destructive testing (NDT) with clear results. The system employs an STM32 as the main controller and utilizes direct digital frequency synthesis (DDS) technology to generate ultrasonic excitation signals. These signals, after power amplifier processing, ensure high-stability output for the driving signal. In conjunction with the signal acquisition module, digital filtering of the collected signals is executed via the host computer. Empirical validation has demonstrated that the system can achieve an output amplitude of up to 90 Vpp within an excitation frequency range of 20 kHz–400 kHz, directly driving piezoelectric transducers. The optimal threshold is identified using the butterfly optimization algorithm, enabling the wavelet threshold function to adaptively denoise the echo signals, thereby significantly enhancing the capability to identify pipeline damage.
Space–Space–Wavelength and Wavelength–Space–Space Switch Structures for Flexible Optical Networks
Authors: Kabaciński Wojciech , Al-Tameemi Atyaf
Published: June 2024

In the literature, three-stage switching networks have been considered for nodes in elastic optical networks, where switches with spectrum conversion capability are placed in the first and third stages (wavelength–space–wavelength—WSW) or only in the second stage (space–wavelength–space—SWS). This paper proposes three-stage switching networks where the switches with spectrum conversion functions are located only in the first stage (wavelength–space–space—WSS) or only in the third stage (space–space–wavelength—SSW). For these networks, the strict-sense non-blocking conditions are derived and proved, and the number of elements required for their construction is assessed. It turns out that the proposed networks can be constructed with 50% fewer tunable spectrum converters than in the WSW networks, and this reduction is even greater in the case of the SWS networks.
Cryo-CMOS Multi-Frequency Modulator for 2-Qubit Controller
Authors: Badiali Alessandro , Borgarino Mattia
Published: June 2024

This paper addresses the design of a CMOS modulator to control two quantum bits. The proposed architecture offers several advantages that are addressed and discussed in this paper. The proposed architecture is investigated through both mathematical modeling and Verilog simulations. Moreover, the circuit was designed using the cryogenic Design Kit of the 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology of the IHP foundry. The observed agreement between the modeling, Verilog, and transistor-level simulations proves the physical feasibility of the proposed architecture.
Energy Storage and Applications—A New Open Access Journal
Authors: Dong Zhaoyang
Published: June 2024

As sustainability and the adoption of renewable energy become increasingly prominent on the international agenda, energy storage plays an increasingly essential role in facilitating this transition while ensuring a secure and reliable energy supply [...]
Biological Activity and Phenolic Content of Kombucha Beverages under the Influence of Different Tea Extract Substrates
Authors: Mihai Raluca A. , Cubi-Insuaste Nelson S. , Catana Rodica D.
Published: June 2024

In this study, the influence of different tea extract substrates on the biological activities of kombucha beverages was investigated. The variations in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids and their potential health-promoting properties represented by antioxidant activity were analyzed. Our findings shed light on the diverse effects of tea substrates on the production of bioactive compounds and their subsequent impact on the biological activities of kombucha, providing valuable insights for optimizing kombucha production and its potential health benefits. The new tea substrate for kombucha, called horchata, an Ecuadorian tea, shows a similar trend but with a low content of phenolics (4.511 ± 0.111 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight (DW)) and flavonoids (1.902 ± 0.0455 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g DW), and antioxidant activity (DPPH—33.569 ± 1.377 µmol TROLOX/g DW, ABTS—20.898 ± 2.709 µmol TROLOX/g DW, FRAP—34.456 ± 2.0618 Fe2+ mM/100 g DW compared to black and green tea as substrates for kombucha. Through HPLC-DAD, several polyphenols were registered, and homovanillic acid showed the highest concentration (74.45 mg/100 g). Horchata kombucha scored the highest in sweetness and smell, reflecting its popularity among the tasters, making it a valuable candidate as a kombucha substrate.
Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Raw Beef, Pork, and Chicken Meat in Vietnam
Authors: Duc Hoang Minh , Ha Cam Thi Thu , Hoa Tran Thi Khanh , Hung Le Van , Thang Nguyen Van , Son Hoang Minh
Published: June 2024

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is one of the most important foodborne pathogens, and the rise of antibiotic resistance to it is a significant threat to global public health. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence, molecular characterization, and antibiotic resistance of STEC isolated from raw meat in Vietnam. The findings in this study showed that the prevalence of STEC in raw beef, pork, and chicken meat was 9.72% (7/72), 5.56% (4/72), and 1.39% (1/72), respectively. The STEC isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin (91.67%) and tetracycline (91.67%), followed by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (83.33%), streptomycin (75%), and florfenicol (66.67%). The incidence of STEC virulence-associated genes, including stx1, stx2, eae, and ehxA, was 8.33% (1/12), 91.67% (11/12), 33.33% (4/12), and 58.33% (7/12), respectively. STEC serogroups O157, O26, and O111 were detected in 3 out of 12 STEC isolates. Two isolates were found to be ESBL producers carrying the blaCTX-M-55 gene, and three isolates were colistin-resistant strains harboring the mcr-1 gene. Notably, a STEC O111 isolate from chicken meat harbored both the blaCTX-M-55 and mcr-1 genes.
Genomic Regions Associated with Resistance to Gastrointestinal Parasites in Australian Merino Sheep
Authors: Vera Brenda , Navajas Elly A. , Peraza Pablo , Carracelas Beatriz , Van Lier Elize , Ciappesoni Gabriel
Published: June 2024

The objective of this study was to identify genomic regions and genes associated with resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes in Australian Merino sheep in Uruguay, using the single-step GWAS methodology (ssGWAS), which is based on genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) obtained from a combination of pedigree, genomic, and phenotypic data. This methodology converts GEBVs into SNP effects. The analysis included 26,638 animals with fecal egg count (FEC) records obtained in two independent parasitic cycles (FEC1 and FEC2) and 1700 50K SNP genotypes. The comparison of genomic regions was based on genetic variances (gVar(%)) explained by non-overlapping regions of 20 SNPs. For FEC1 and FEC2, 18 and 22 genomic windows exceeded the significance threshold (gVar(%) ≥ 0.22%), respectively. The genomic regions with strong associations with FEC1 were located on chromosomes OAR 2, 6, 11, 21, and 25, and for FEC2 on OAR 5, 6, and 11. The proportion of genetic variance attributed to the top windows was 0.83% and 1.9% for FEC1 and FEC2, respectively. The 33 candidate genes shared between the two traits were subjected to enrichment analysis, revealing a marked enrichment in biological processes related to immune system functions. These results contribute to the understanding of the genetics underlying gastrointestinal parasite resistance and its implications for other productive and welfare traits in animal breeding programs.
Structural Differences between the Genomes of Deinococcus radiodurans Strains from Different Laboratories
Authors: Zahradka Ksenija , Zahradka Davor , Repar Jelena
Published: June 2024

The bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans is known to efficiently and accurately reassemble its genome after hundreds of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Only at very large amounts of radiation-induced DSBs is this accuracy affected in the wild-type D. radiodurans, causing rearrangements in its genome structure. However, changes in its genome structure may also be possible during the propagation and storage of cell cultures. We investigate this possibility by listing structural differences between three completely sequenced genomes of D. radiodurans strains with a recent common ancestor—the type strain stored and sequenced in two different laboratories (of the ATCC 13939 lineage) and the first sequenced strain historically used as the reference (ATCC BAA-816). We detected a number of structural differences and found the most likely mechanisms behind them: (i) transposition/copy number change in mobile interspersed repeats—insertion sequences and small non-coding repeats, (ii) variable number of monomers within tandem repeats, (iii) deletions between long direct DNA repeats, and (iv) deletions between short (4–10 bp) direct DNA repeats. The most surprising finding was the deletions between short repeats because it indicates the utilization of a less accurate DSB repair mechanism in conditions in which a more accurate one should be both available and preferred. The detected structural differences, as well as SNPs and short indels, while being important footprints of deinococcal DNA metabolism and repair, are also a valuable resource for researchers using these D. radiodurans strains.
Strain Analysis and Kinematics of Deformation of the Tectonic Nappe Pile in Olympos-Ossa Mountainous Area: Implication for the Exhumation History of the HP/LT Ampelakia Unit and the Olympos-Ossa Tectonic Window (Eastern Thessaly, Central Greece)
Authors: Vrontzos Ioannis , Katrivanos Emmanouil , Lazos Ilias , Papadopoulou Lambrini , Kilias Adamantios
Published: June 2024

This paper focuses on the structural and finite strain analysis of the Pelagonian nappe, the HP/LT Ampelakia unit, and the Olympos-Ossa unit in the Olympos-Ossa mountainous area in order to better understand the exhumation history of the Ampelakia unit and the underlain Olympos-Ossa unit. Two main stages of Tertiary deformation were revealed, related to nappe stacking and exhumation processes. During the Paleocene–Eocene crustal subduction, HP/LT metamorphism, compression, and nappe stacking were developed progressively. This D1 stage was terminated with the final SW-ward emplacement of the Ampelakia and Pelagonian nappe on the Olympos-Ossa unit during the Eocene–Early Oligocene. The next stage of deformation, D2, was developed during the Oligocene–Miocene following the orogenic nappes stacking. D2 was considered an extensional event, related to metamorphic isothermal decompression, nappes tectonic denudation, crustal uplift, and final exhumation of the Ampelakia unit and the Olympos-Ossa unit as a tectonic window. The calculated finite strain ellipsoids indicate a main flattening type strain geometry and middle strain intensity, increasing along the nappe contacts. The quartz C-axes diagrams also reveal a flattening type of deformation and non-coaxial flow towards the southwest and northeast at the western and eastern flanks of Olympos-Ossa Mountain, respectively. The calculated Wk vorticity number ranges from 0.23 to 0.93.
Neural Functioning in Late-Life Depression: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis
Authors: Del Casale Antonio , Mancino Serena , Arena Jan Francesco , Spitoni Grazia Fernanda , Campanini Elisa , Adriani Barbara , Tafaro Laura , Alcibiade Alessandro , Ciocca Giacomo , Romano Andrea , Bozzao Alessandro , Ferracuti Stefano
Published: June 2024

Late-life depression (LLD) is a relatively common and debilitating mental disorder, also associated with cognitive dysfunctions and an increased risk of mortality. Considering the growing elderly population worldwide, LLD is increasingly emerging as a significant public health issue, also due to the rise in direct and indirect costs borne by healthcare systems. Understanding the neuroanatomical and neurofunctional correlates of LLD is crucial for developing more targeted and effective interventions, both from a preventive and therapeutic standpoint. This ALE meta-analysis aims to evaluate the involvement of specific neurofunctional changes in the neurophysiopathology of LLD by analysing functional neuroimaging studies conducted on patients with LLD compared to healthy subjects (HCs). We included 19 studies conducted on 844 subjects, divided into 439 patients with LLD and 405 HCs. Patients with LLD, compared to HCs, showed significant hypoactivation of the right superior and medial frontal gyri (Brodmann areas (Bas) 8, 9), left cingulate cortex (BA 24), left putamen, and left caudate body. The same patients exhibited significant hyperactivation of the left superior temporal gyrus (BA 42), left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 45), right anterior cingulate cortex (BA 24), right cerebellar culmen, and left cerebellar declive. In summary, we found significant changes in activation patterns and brain functioning in areas encompassed in the cortico–limbic–striatal network in LLD. Furthermore, our results suggest a potential role for areas within the cortico–striatal–cerebellar network in the neurophysiopathology of LLD.
Revision Surgery for Shoulder Infection after Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: Functional Outcomes and Eradication Rate—A Systematic Review
Authors: Mercurio Michele , Gasparini Giorgio , Cofano Erminia , Colace Stefano , Galasso Olimpio
Published: June 2024

The outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) have been reported to be successful. The incidence of deep infections (defined as an infection involving any part of the anatomy other than the skin and subcutaneous tissue) after surgery ranges between 0.03% and 3.4%. This systematic review aims to investigate the outcomes of revision surgery for infection following arthroscopic RCR. Clinical outcomes and eradication rates among patients treated with different surgical and antibiotic therapies are analyzed. A total of five studies were eligible for systematic review. A total of 146 patients were treated and evaluated, of whom 71 (48%) and 75 (52%) underwent arthroscopic and open surgery to manage the infection, respectively. The most common causative bacterium was Cutibacterium acnes (50.4%). Two studies reported the pre-and postoperative ASES score and Constant–Murley score (CMS), and a statistically significant improvement was found after surgery (p < 0.001 for both). Eradication was observed in a total of 138 patients (94.5%); no difference was found between arthroscopic and open revision surgery (92.8% and 96%, respectively, p = 0.90). The frequency-weighted mean duration of the intravenous antibiotic therapy was 6.6 ± 5.4 days, while the overall mean duration of antibiotic therapy, considering intravenous and oral administration, was 43.5 ± 40 days. Patients with infection following arthroscopic RCR undergoing revision surgery experienced a high rate of eradication. A significant improvement in shoulder functionality and less residual pain can be expected.
Evaluating the Validity of International Standards of Height, Weight, and Body Mass Index on Jordanian Children and Adolescents
Authors: Al-Qerem Walid , Zumot Ruba , Jarab Anan , Eberhardt Judith , Alasmari Fawaz , Hammad Alaa
Published: June 2024

Background: the variations in a child’s overall body shape and figure among different countries are attributable to differences in genetics, environmental factors, and the interaction between these elements. This study aims to evaluate the validity, reliability, and appropriateness of applying international growth standards to Jordanian children and adolescents aged 2–19 years old. Methods: 65,828 Jordanian children and adolescents (43% males; 57% females) aged 2–19 years old were selected from the Hakeem Program database and various private schools across Jordan. Height-for-age, weight-for-age, and body mass index (BMI)-for-age were analyzed comparatively for Jordanian children and adolescents against international growth standards. The z-score for each record was computed based on international equations. Results: Mean z-scores for height-for-age, weight-for-age, and BMI-for-age for both genders showed significant deviation from international standards across most age intervals. It was found that in most age groups, Jordanian children and adolescents were shorter and lighter than CDC and WHO standards, except for females at ages ≥ 16 years, who were heavier with higher BMI-for-age values than CDC standards based on weight-for-age and BMI-for-age equations. Moreover, Jordanian males at ages ≥ 12 years had lower BMI-for-age values than CDC standards. Conclusions: Jordanian children and adolescents showed significant deviations in their measurements from international standards and growth reference values. The development of a population-specific growth chart is highly recommended to enhance the accuracy of evaluating children’s and adolescents’ wellness.
Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma in an Early 18th-Century South German Abbot—Interdisciplinary Research Reveals Clues to His Final Disease History
Authors: Nerlich Andreas G. , Panzer Stephanie , Lehn Christine , Hamann Christian , Donell Simon T. , Peschel Oliver K.
Published: June 2024

This interdisciplinary investigation of the human remains of Balduin Helm, one of the most important abbots of the Fürstenfeld monastery, provides novel information on this historic individual. This is particularly interesting since Balduin, during the early 18th century, was involved in the renovation of this large Bavarian monastery. Metastatic prostate cancer was found as evidenced by multiple mixed osteolytic–osteoblastic bone lesions in all available vertebral bodies, fragments of both os coxae, and isolated metastases in skull bones. Distribution, radio- and histomorphology, and especially the immunohistochemical detection of prostate-specific antigens in those metastases definitively confirm this diagnosis. Further investigation, especially by stable isotope analysis, showed a balanced high-level diet with considerable contribution from animal protein and significant freshwater fish. These additional findings suggest a significant radiocarbon reservoir effect as an explanation for a “too old” radiocarbon date. Finally, the obviously high-level protein diet may have contributed to the tumorigenesis which caused the death of the abbot at an advanced age.
“Scouring for Prehistory”—An Opportunistic Methodology for Sea Floor Archaeology
Authors: Garrison Ervan G. , Jones Emily Carter , Robinson Michael , Rivera Yasmine I. , Williams Kelsey A. , Prueitt Benjamin , Carter Anderson L. , Newton Matthew A. , Hemmings C. Andrew
Published: June 2024

Finding prehistoric sites, on the sea floor off the United States, has proven to be a difficult task. Over four decades of innovative attempts have produced few discoveries. This discussion outlines the difficulties in finding submerged prehistory on the sea floor, examines current methodology(ies), and presents a new methodology that demonstrates promise based on research conducted over the past decade. The purpose of this discussion is to outline the problems facing archaeologists searching the sea floor for archaeological sites. It is less of a critique of past efforts and methodologies used in those attempts. Without those efforts, a reason for developing a different methodological approach would be unnecessary. Any “one size fits all” methodology is limiting, and the scant number of marine archaeological sites located off the shores of the United States can attest to the need for practitioners to continue refining their methods. This is especially the case on the continental shelf of the eastern United States, where sediment cover is often meters, or several meters, thick. This opportunistic methodology developed on the continental shelf of the Georgia Bight, western Atlantic Ocean, has located intact paleo-landforms with in situ, palaeoecological remains thereby offering promise for future archaeological discoveries.
Integrating Remote Sensing Methods for Monitoring Lake Water Quality: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Batina Anja , Krtalić Andrija
Published: June 2024

Remote sensing methods have the potential to improve lake water quality monitoring and decision-making in water management. This review discusses the use of remote sensing methods for monitoring and assessing water quality in lakes. It explains the principles of remote sensing and the different methods used for retrieving water quality parameters in complex waterbodies. The review highlights the importance of considering the variability of optically active parameters and the need for comprehensive studies that encompass different seasons and time frames. The paper addresses the specific physical and biological parameters that can be effectively estimated using remote sensing, such as chlorophyll-α, turbidity, water transparency (Secchi disk depth), electrical conductivity, surface salinity, and water temperature. It further provides a comprehensive summary of the bands, band combinations, and band equations commonly used for remote sensing of these parameters per satellite sensor. It also discusses the limitations of remote sensing methods and the challenges associated with satellite systems. The review recommends integrating remote sensing methods using in situ measurements and computer modelling to improve the understanding of water quality. It suggests future research directions, including the importance of optimizing grid selection and time frame for in situ measurements by combining hydrodynamic models with remote sensing retrieval methods, considering variability in water quality parameters when analysing satellite imagery, the development of advanced technologies, and the integration of machine learning algorithms for effective water quality problem-solving. The review concludes with a proposed workflow for monitoring and assessing water quality parameters in lakes using remote sensing methods.
Effects of Forest Logging Systems on the River Flow Regime Indices Using Graphical Techniques: A Case Study in a Small Natural Forest
Authors: Keivan Behjou Farshad , Mostafazadeh Raoof , Alaei Nazila
Published: June 2024

This study aims to investigate the impact of forest exploitation methods on monthly discharge and hydrological indices of river flow using graphical methods in a forested watershed in North Iran. To achieve this, 10 hydrological index changes related to river flow regime influenced by the Shelterwood/clear cutting, Femel cutting, and the Near Nature approach forest cutting methods were assessed. According to the results, it can be stated that the Shelterwood/clear cutting method influenced monthly flow indices by increasing the coefficient of variations and intensifying runoff production, while the Femel cutting and the Near Nature approach methods contributed to regulating the flow regime and sustaining river flow. The influence of various tree-cutting techniques on river flow values and fluctuations is more evident during the wettest months compared to low-water months. The period of Shelterwood/clear cutting disrupted the natural correlation between precipitation and runoff production. Furthermore, the shift from Shelterwood/clear cutting to Femel cutting and the Near Nature approach progressively diminished the slope of the curve, indicating a reduction in monthly runoff at both measurement stations. In conclusion, opting for an appropriate method, such as the Near Nature approach, is preferable from both ecological and hydrological perspectives when managing forest areas in the study region and similar conditions involving comparable topography, climate, soil, and forest stands. The index-based coupled with graphical methodology employed appropriately demonstrates the influence of logging techniques on monthly flow patterns, which provides valuable insights into evaluating the repercussions of alternative management interventions on river flow dynamics.
The Effects of Dust Storms on People Living in Beijing: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Chang Zhaohe , Bodnar Susan
Published: June 2024

Dust storms, which are common aversive occurrences in northern China, result from high winds, dry soil or dust, and soil surface disturbance. Exposure to dust storms, regardless of duration, can induce varying mental and physical distress levels. Recognizing the urgency of comprehending the impact of dust storms on residents and the scarcity of information on their effects on the indigenous civilians there, this study aims to address this gap by qualitatively sampling 29 participants from Beijing, a typical city in northern China. The current study seeks to gain insights into residents’ dust storm experiences and explore their perspectives on effective coping mechanisms. The findings align with existing knowledge regarding the mental and physical repercussions of dust storms while identifying some emerging patterns of coping mechanisms already employed by residents in Beijing. Concerns regarding mental well-being, either directly influenced by the environmental conditions or indirectly stemming from disruptions to life routines on a broader scale, persistently dominate people’s perceptions of dust storms. New themes emerged following the step-by-step exploration of feelings and coping mechanisms. This study aims to enlighten the public about the ramifications of the dust storms in Beijing and advocate for essential policy support.