bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HISTÓRIAS DIGITAIS NA SALA DE AULA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
Authors: Pereira Souza Keysianne , Trevisol Juliane Regina , Letti Ariel Gustavo
Published: November 2024

Nos últimos anos, em especial após a pandemia da COVID-19, o uso crescente de tecnologias digitais tem mudado o modo que a sociedade relaciona-se, comunica-se, estuda e aprende. Dessa forma, vê-se a necessidade da inclusão dessas novas tecnologias em sala de aula, bem como a Base Comum Curricular Brasileira de 2018 determina. O professor de língua tem então diante de si o desafio de incluir o mundo digital em sala, ao passo que trabalha habilidades linguísticas de seus alunos. Neste contexto, as Histórias Digitais (HD) entram como ferramenta pedagógica que inclui esses e outros aspectos no ensino de uma segunda língua. Sendo assim, o presente artigo objetivou o mapeamento de trabalhos científicos sobre a utilização de HD na sala de aula de uma segunda língua, com enfoque na língua inglesa. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES com o recorte temporal de dez anos (2012-2022). Selecionou-se estudos que, em geral, possuem em seus resultados a produção de HD como meio de se trabalhar habilidades linguísticas e comunicativas, bem como a motivação dos estudantes na aprendizagem de uma segunda língua, tornando ainda possível a integração de recursos digitais em sala de aula.
ESCRITA COLABORATIVA EM SALA DE AULA: O QUE DIZEM AS PESQUISAS BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Severino Donaio Ruiz Eliana Maria , Camargo Érica Neri , Michelato João Pedro Buzinello , Andrade Karen Alves de , Acri Marcelo Cristiano
Published: November 2024

Dadas as diversas perspectivas teórico-metodológicas pelas quais a escrita colaborativa é tratada nas pesquisas acadêmicas brasileiras, onde comparece como foco principal ou marginal, este trabalho retrata um mapeamento de publicações nacionais das duas últimas décadas acerca dessa prática linguageira. Como percurso metodológico, recorremos à metapesquisa, que envolve não somente a escolha de bases de dados para buscas, com seleção de palavras-chave, definição de categorias analíticas e critérios de elegibilidade de trabalhos representativos, como também a análise de investigações selecionadas consideradas relevantes. Os resultados indicam que as produções mapeadas podem ser categorizadas em três eixos temáticos, em função da forma processual pela qual a escrita colaborativa se realiza, dos recursos tecnológicos a que se associa e dos contextos sociais em que ocorre. Em nosso excerto analítico, destacamos artigos, dissertações e teses mais ilustrativos dessas categorias.
A ALFABETIZAÇÃO MIDIÁTICA E INFORMACIONAL: PERSPECTIVAS PARA A ÁREA DE CIÊNCIAS DA NATUREZA APONTADAS PELO DOCUMENTO CURRICULAR DO TERRITÓRIO MARANHENSE
Authors: Mendes Silva Premma Hary , Cruz Dantas Thaliana , Araujo Lemos Renata , Guelero do Valle Mariana
Published: November 2024

O conceito de alfabetização é abrangente. Ao que compete ao entendimento e utilização de mídias e informações, a Alfabetização Midiática e Informacional (AMI) nos leva a refletir sobre a função das mídias em nossa vida pessoal e social. A proposição desse conceito alerta para a necessidade de sua inclusão nos currículos das esferas governamentais, inclusive dentro dos ambientes escolares. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa consiste em analisar as competências e habilidades em Alfabetização Midiática e Informacional para a área de Ciências da Natureza do Ensino Fundamental presentes no Documento Curricular do Território Maranhense (DCTMA). Nossas análises foram construídas a partir da perspectiva da pesquisa documental. Verificamos que não são diretamente expressos na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e no DCTMA, temas relacionados à Alfabetização Midiática e Informacional, de modo que não podem ser identificados no documento. No entanto, enfatizamos a urgência em discutir temas relacionados aos usos das mídias e a necessidade de que estejam previstos nos currículos oficiais.
SEQUÊNCIA DIDÁTICA MEDIADA PELAS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS PARA POTENCIALIZAR A PRODUÇÃO ESCRITA NOS ANOS INICIAIS
Authors: Roque Ferreira Emanuelly , Aparecida Foletto de Moraes Dirce
Published: November 2024

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar em que medida uma sequência didática com o uso das plataformas Book Creator e Bitmoji podem potencializar a produção escrita nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental a partir da produção da autobiografia do estudante. Este estudo é resultado da Iniciação Científica e se caracteriza por uma abordagem qualitativa na modalidade pesquisa-intervenção. Os participantes são estudantes de uma turma do 4º ano dos Anos Iniciais de uma escola municipal da cidade de Londrina, participante do Programa Residência Pedagógica. Os dados foram coletados por meio de observação, análise das atividades realizadas pelos estudantes, depoimentos dos estudantes durante as aulas e um questionário individual. Os resultados indicam que estas ferramentas interativas são atrativas aos estudantes e, dessa forma, podem contribuir para a produção de textos mais significativos, ampliação do processo de escrita, o repertório textual e a liberdade criativa, além de auxiliar na construção de aprendizagens e na aquisição de novos conhecimentos. Os resultados indicam ainda que as tecnologias digitais podem potencializar as práticas de escrita quando utilizadas para promover autoria, produção, estimular a imaginação e a criatividade de forma lúdica e interativa.
AVALIAÇÃO DE JOGOS DIGITAIS PARA A ALFABETIZAÇÃO
Authors: Scherer Natália Taís , Forneck Kári Lúcia
Published: November 2024

Este trabalho busca avaliar jogos digitais de livre acesso, disponíveis para o exercício do princípio alfabético. A fim de subsidiar as análises, assumimos o escopo teórico da Psicolinguística para conceituar consciência fonológica e princípio alfabético. Para a avaliação dos jogos, adaptamos o Protocolo de Avaliação de Softwares Pedagógico (PASP), de Ribeiro (2013), selecionando cinco dos onze critérios propostos pela autora. As análises foram realizadas a partir da seleção de três diferentes plataformas digitais, das quais foram escolhidos os três jogos mais acessados pelos usuários, somando ao todo nove jogos avaliados. Os resultados revelaram lacunas em determinados jogos de alfabetização, especialmente ao buscar atividades de desenvolvimento da consciência fonológica. Em geral, os jogos digitais de alfabetização não são suficientes para ensinar a criança a ler e a escrever. Em alguns casos, os materiais podem, no máximo, servir como subsídio para praticar algum conhecimento já aprendido sob a mediação do professor. Sem a intervenção docente, portanto, não há garantia de desenvolvimento do princípio alfabetíco por meio de nenhum jogo digital analisado.
Developing new practices for managing breast and chest lymphoedema
Authors: Hutton Rachael
Published: November 2024

Some patients develop breast/chest lymphoedema following breast cancer treatment. Historically this group of patients has been managed in the same way as those with limb lymphoedema, through the application of compression in the form of vests or bras. Some patients reported pain and the feeling of being in a ‘strait jacket’ and, therefore, abandoned these items for lighter and more comfortable garments without any adverse effects. Reflecting on this insight, the author adapted breast/chest lymphoedema management by suggesting a change to lighter garments to patients who reported improved comfort, with no obvious negative impact on their lymphoedema. Within this article, the author gives a brief explanation of lymphatic mechanisms and factors relating to lymphoedema including signs and symptoms of breast oedema. There will be an exploration of the available treatments for lymphoedema along with treatment plans found to be effective by the author.
Adversarial Attacks on Pre-trained Deep Learning Models for Encrypted Traffic Analysis
Authors: Seok Byoungjin , Sohn Kiwook
Published: November 2024

For web security, it’s essential to accurately classify traffic across various web applications to detect malicious activities lurking within network traffic. However, the encryption protocols for privacy protection, such as TLS 1.3 and IPSec, make it difficult to apply traditional traffic classification methods like deep packet inspection (DPI). Recently, the advent of deep learning has significantly advanced the field of encrypted traffic analysis (ETA), outperforming traditional traffic analysis approaches. Notably, pre-trained deep learning based ETA models have demonstrated superior analytical capabilities. However, the security aspects of these deep learning models are often overlooked during the design and development process. In this paper, we conducted adversarial attacks to evaluate the security of pre-trained ETA models. We targeted ET-BERT, a state-of-the-art model demonstrating superior performance, to generate adversarial traffic examples. To carry out the adversarial example generation, we drew inspiration from adversarial attacks on discrete data, such as natural language, defining fluency from a network traffic perspective and proposing a new attack algorithm that can preserve this fluency. Finally, in our experiments, we showed our target model is vulnerable to the proposed adversarial attacks.
Priority-based QoS Extensions and IAM Improvements
Authors: Park Gyudong , Choi Hyoek Jin
Published: November 2024

The command and control system operates in a harsh and dynamic environment with limited resources and have a very high risk of failure or malfunction. In the case of military information systems, including the command and control system, the efficiency and effectiveness of system resource management are very important and required. Therefore, the application of a QoS-like approach is necessary to improve the operational effectiveness of all command and control system resources. However, supporting QoS at the entire command and control system level incurs additional costs and burdens for implementation and operation. This paper describes the necessity and possibility of collaboration with QoS and IAM (identity and access management) among the collaboration between core functions within the command and control system. This paper proposes an extended QoS approach to improve the operational effectiveness of the entire command and control system resources. As a result of this research, expanded concepts, structures, standards, and methods of collaboration between QoS and IAM are developed and presented, and their feasibility is demonstrated through prototype development and experiments.
Disrupting Ableism and Racism in the Classroom
Authors: Dossick Alison
Published: November 2024

This article explores how ability has been used together with racism and other intersectionalities to exclude marginalised populations in educational settings. The definitions of culturally sustaining pedagogy and universal design for learning are applied to further ways of inclusion in our diverse classrooms. Treating ability as a culture is essential for understanding how these two theories work together to disrupt oppression that begins in schools and is perpetuated into adulthood. Embracing all aspects of individuals builds an understanding of diverse populations rather than othering them. By making inclusion an aspect of teaching in all classrooms, nations will reap the rewards that accepting diverse viewpoints brings to global harmony.
The Good White, the Bad, and the Ugly—Contemporary Limits to Wokeness
Authors: Lombaard M
Published: November 2024

I argue that there is an emptiness to wokeness which remains as social awareness and does not translate to collective responsibility. Wokeness, like social justice movements, is an ongoing collective process which cannot focus on or remain with the individual. I use the example of white people in South Africa as a privileged group that cannot be woke, unless the social awareness translates into material and epistemic change. Wokeness that remains at the level of the individual, wokeness as the becoming aware of social issues only to the extent that it does not change one’s life, is empty. I argue that one cannot be woke while perpetuating and participating in systems of inequality, especially for white people in South Africa as a privileged group who have the resources for a response-ability. If wokeness is a mere speech act and if we try to be woke only to the extent that it does not change the structures of our lives, then wokeness is the mere branding of the individual. I build the argument for privileged groups to take their social awareness as only the first step towards collective responsibility and action.

In this article, I argue that there is an emptiness to wokeness that remains as individual awareness and does not begin the work of restructuring society. The individualisation of social justice movements leads to an internalised empty individual wokeness, which does not change the societal structure towards equality. I use the example of white people in contemporary South Africa as a privileged group who could not be woke with the societal structure as it is. This example relates to the broader scheme of the limits to wokeness as an individual awareness and the co-option of wokeness or social justice as a brand, which does not have a relation to collective work within our liberal-capitalist milieu. My intention in this article is to refocus conversations about white identity, and awareness of social injustice, from the perspective of a privileged group, towards collective responsibility.
When a Format (Almost) Becomes an Instrument: Eurorack in a Logistical World
Authors: Sterne Jonathan , Stuhl Andy Kelleher
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT: Eurorack is a format for modular synthesis, a long-running type of electronic sound production that has seen a new wave of interest in the early twenty- first century. This article examines Eurorack as a chimera of putatively analog and digital elements, shaped by a large-scale global logistical system, miniaturized components, and the formatted dimensions of media practice. Embedded in its musical, practical, and logistical contexts, Eurorack helps us model an approach to understanding how technical formats and protocols, transnational flows of materials and labor, and aesthetic practices interweave across the varied scales of modern media.
Cryptoanalysis of a multiple-image encryption scheme based on amplitude and phase truncation in the Fourier domain
Authors: Xiong Y. , Liu J. , Gu J. , Kumar R.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive cryptoanalysis of a multiple-image encryption scheme based on amplitude truncation (AT) and phase truncation (PT) in the Fourier domain. In contrast to the conventional single-image cryptosystem based on phase-truncated Fourier transform (PTFT), the enhanced PTFT-based cryptosystem was proposed to encode multiple images efficiently and to augment the security strength by expanding the key space. Nevertheless, we found that the amplitude key exhibits low sensitivity, which has a restricted impact on the security enhancement and makes the scheme vulnerable. Moreover, the two random phase masks (RPMs) employed as private keys are uncorrelated with the plaintexts, which can be recovered through a devised known-plaintext attack (KPA). Once these additional private keys are recovered, the number of unknown keys is reduced to two, making it possible to recover plaintext information encrypted by this advanced PTFT-based cryptosystem using an iterative attack without any knowledge of the private keys. Based on these findings, a hybrid attack consisting of two cascaded KPAs and chosen-ciphertext attacks (CCAs) is proposed to successfully crack the improved PTFT-based cryptosystem. Numerical simulations have been performed to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed hybrid attack.
Excitons and polaritons in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides: a tutorial
Authors: Paik Eunice , Zhang Long , Fai Mak Kin , Shan Jie , Deng Hui
Published: November 2024

Since the discovery of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers as direct bandgap semiconductors with pronounced room-temperature exciton transitions, research on excitons and polaritons in these materials has exploded worldwide. Here, we give an introductory tutorial on the basic properties of excitons and polaritons in these materials, emphasizing how they are different from those in conventional semiconductors, and discuss some of the most exciting new phenomena reported.
Revisiting ytterbium doped silica spectroscopy
Authors: Topper Brian , Tolliver Jared , Kuhn Stefan , Hässner Denny , Hein Sigrun , Hupel Christian , Nold Johannes , Haarlammert Nicoletta , Mafi Arash , Neumann Alexander , Schreiber Thomas
Published: November 2024

A thorough investigation of the spectroscopic properties of ytterbium-doped silica as a function of temperature (77-420 K) is carried out. Whitelight absorption and fluorescence collected under 915 nm excitation are used to calculate the temperature-dependent laser cross-sections. These datasets are made publicly available in this work. Factors influencing the acquisition and interpretation of Yb-doped glass spectroscopic data are discussed, including spectrum fitting ambiguities, site-selective excitation, lifetime decay versus spectral integration, vibronic features, and the validity of the McCumber theory over the studied temperature range. Site-selectivity affects the measurement of the emission lineshape at standard pump wavelengths of 915, 940, and 976 nm at room temperature. Lifetime measurements under 915 nm excitation vary by up to 10%, depending on the choice of bandpass or long pass filter employed and hence the spectral region integrated over. The McCumber transform yields reasonable agreement with measured spectra over the range of ∼200-420 K and then diverges rapidly at lower temperatures. Considering the measured cross-section data in the range applicable to contemporary fiber laser system operation, between 300-420 K, the cross-sections for some spectral regions change by more than 10%, including the absorption cross-section at 977 nm and the emission cross-section at 1030 nm. Some regions are essentially unchanged over the same temperature range, such as absorption at 940 nm and emission at 1045 nm. The provided data will be useful for future modeling and simulation efforts to consider the temperature-dependence of relevant quantities including, but not limited to, lifetime, cross-section, gain, and intensity saturation.
Real-time full-duplex transmission experiment for an air and underwater invisible light communication system
Authors: Tanaka Keita , Kariya Ayumu , Kuwahara Kiichiro , Kobori Fumiya , Shimada Keiji , Hayashida Shogo , Kodama Takahiro
Published: November 2024

Specifications for highly secure and large-capacity optical transceivers are necessary when wireless communication is used over different transmission channels, such as underwater and air, in shallow sea areas. We evaluated the dynamic characteristics of bidirectional real-time transmission using an LED Backhaul that can generate and process direct current-added orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signals in the 850 nm band to demonstrate the feasibility of invisibility light communication. A composite channel that is 1.2 m in water and 10 m in the air was used as an optical radio channel. This experiment is the first report on real-time and 4 K video stream transmission for a line-of-sight full-duplex optical wireless communication in the invisible light band via heterogeneous transmission channels such as shallow water and air.
Transcriptomic analysis of the 12 major human breast cell types reveals mechanisms of cell and tissue function
Authors: Del Toro Katelyn , Sayaman Rosalyn , Thi Kate , Licon-Munoz Yamhilette , Hines William Curtis
Published: November 2024

A fundamental question in biology, central to our understanding of cancer and other pathologies, is determining how different cell types coordinate to form and maintain tissues. Recognizing the distinct features and capabilities of the cells that compose these tissues is critical. Unfortunately, the complexity of tissues often hinders our ability to distinguish between neighboring cell types and, in turn, scrutinize their transcriptomes and generate reliable and tractable cell models for studying their inherently different biologies. We have recently introduced a novel method that permits the identification and purification of the 12 cell types that compose the human breast—nearly all of which could be reliably propagated in the laboratory. Here, we explore the nature of these cell types. We sequence mRNAs from each purified population and investigate transcriptional patterns that reveal their distinguishing features. We describe the differentially expressed genes and enriched biological pathways that capture the essence of each cell type, and we highlight transcripts that display intriguing expression patterns. These data, analytic tools, and transcriptional analyses form a rich resource whose exploration provides remarkable insights into the inner workings of the cell types composing the breast, thus furthering our understanding of the rules governing normal cell and tissue function.
Leveraging mathematical modeling framework to guide regimen strategy for phage therapy
Authors: Yu Zhiyuan , Luong Tiffany , Banuelos Selenne , Sue Andrew , Ryu Hwayeon , Segal Rebecca , Roach Dwayne R. , Huang Qimin
Published: November 2024

Bacteriophage (phage) cocktail therapy has been relied upon more and more to treat antibiotic-resistant infections. Understanding of the complex kinetics between phages, target bacteria, and the emergence of phage resistance remain hurdles to successful clinical outcomes. Building upon previous mathematical concepts, we develop biologically-motivated nonlinear ordinary differential equation models to explore single, cocktail, and sequential phage treatment modalities. While the optimal pairwise phage treatment strategy was the double simultaneous administration of two highly potent and asymmetrically binding phage strains, it appears unable to prevent the evolution of resistance. This treatment regimen did have a greater lysis efficiency, promoted higher phage population sizes, reduced bacterial density the most, and suppressed the evolution of resistance the longest compared to all other treatments strategies tested. Conversely, the combination of phages with polar potencies allows the more efficiently replicating phages to monopolize susceptible host cells, thereby quickly negating the intended compounding effect of cocktails. Together, we demonstrate that a biologically-motivated modeling-based framework can be leveraged to quantify the effects of each phage’s properties to more precisely predict treatment responses.
Autonomous and ubiquitous in-node learning algorithms of active directed graphs and its storage behavior
Authors: Wei Hui , Li Fushun , Miao Weihua
Published: November 2024

The brain’s memory system is extraordinarily complex, evidenced by the multitude of neurons involved and the intricate electrochemical activities within them, as well as the complex interactions among neurons. Memory research spans various levels, from cellular and molecular to cognitive behavioral studies, each with its own focus, making it challenging to fully describe the memory mechanism. Many details of how biological neuronal networks encode, store, and retrieve information remain unknown. In this study, we model biological neuronal networks as active directed graphs, where each node is self-adaptive and relies on local information for decision-making. To explore how these networks implement memory mechanisms, we propose a parallel distributed information access algorithm based on the node scale of the active directed graph. Here, subgraphs are seen as the physical realization of the information stored in the active directed graph. Unlike traditional algorithms with global perspectives, our algorithm emphasizes global node collaboration in resource utilization through local perspectives. While it may not achieve the global optimum like a global-view algorithm, it offers superior robustness, concurrency, decentralization, and biological feasibility. We also tested network capacity, fault tolerance, and robustness, finding that the algorithm performs better in sparser network structures.
Prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among under-five children living in Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance System Sites (HDSS), Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Bamboro Samuel Alemu , Boba Hape Ibren , Geberetsadik Mihiret Kitaw , Gebru Zeleke , Gutema Befikadu Tariku
Published: November 2024

Childhood anemia affects around half of under five children and has impacts on physical, mental, and social development, both in the short and long term. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among under-five children living in Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance System Sites (HDSS). A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected under-five children with their caregivers living in Arba Minch HDSS from June to August 2023. The questionnaire was developed to assess sociodemographic, nutrition, healthcare, and environmental characteristics. Hemoglobin concentration was adjusted for altitude of the village. Anemia was defined as the hemoglobin concentration below 11 g/dL. It was further categorized as mild (between 10–10.9 g/dL), moderate (7–9.9 g/dL), and severe (less than 7 g/dL). The analysis of factors associated with anemia was assessed by using logistic regression and significance was determined at p-value <0.05. A total of 332 under-five children with a mean (SD) age of 33(15) months participated. The overall prevalence of anemia among under-five children was 35.3% (95% CI: 30.4, 40.7). The magnitude of mild, moderate, and severe anemia was 12.4% (95%CI: 9.2, 16.4), 22.1% (95%CI: 17.9, 26.9), and 0.9% (95%CI: 0.3, 2.8), respectively. Anemia had a negative association with the advancing age of the children (0.95, 95%CI: 0.93, 0.97) and improvement in the family wealth score (0.86, 95%CI: 0.75, 0.99). Nearly one-third of the under-five children were anemic and childhood anemia is a moderate public health problem in the study area. The magnitude of anemia was negatively associated with the advance in child age and with the increase in the wealth status of the household. It is important to provide due attention to reduce the magnitude of anemia specifically for the youngest children and for those children from poor households.
Optimal adaptive heuristic algorithm based energy optimization with flexible loads using demand response in smart grid
Authors: Alghamdi Hisham , Hua Lyu-Guang , Hafeez Ghulam , Murawwat Sadia , Bouazzi Imen , Alghamdi Baheej
Published: November 2024

Demand response-based load scheduling in smart power grids is currently one of the most important topics in energy optimization. There are several benefits to utility companies and their customers from this strategy. The main goal of this work is to employ a load scheduling controller (LSC) to model and solve the scheduling issue for household appliances. The LSC offers a solution to the primary problems faced during implementing demand response. The goal is to minimize peak-to-average demand ratios (PADR) and electricity bills while preserving customer satisfaction. Time-varying pricing, intermittent renewable energy, domestic appliance energy demand, storage battery, and grid constraints are all incorporated into the model. The optimal adaptive wind-driven optimization (OAWDO) method is a stochastic optimization technique designed to manage supply, demand, and power price uncertainties. LSC creates the ideal schedule for home appliance running periods using the OAWDO algorithm. This guarantees that every appliance runs as economically as possible on its own. Most appliances run the risk of functioning during low-price hours if just the real time-varying price system is used, which could result in rebound peaks. We combine an inclined block tariff with a real-time-varying price to alleviate this problem. MATLAB is used to do a load scheduling simulation for home appliances based on the OAWDO algorithm. By contrasting it with other algorithms, including the genetic algorithm (GA), the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), the fire-fly optimization algorithm (FFOA), and the wind-driven optimization (WDO) algorithms, the effectiveness of the OAWDO technique is supported. Results indicate that OAWDO works better than current algorithms in terms of reducing power costs, PADR, and rebound peak formation without sacrificing user comfort.
Genome-Wide, Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing for rare chromosomal abnormalities: A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy
Authors: Konya Marton , Czimbalmos Agnes , Loczi Lotti , Koi Tamas , Turan Caner , Nagy Rita , Acs Nandor , Hegyi Peter , Varbiro Szabolcs , Gal Aniko
Published: November 2024

Genome-Wide Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (GW-NIPT) can provide positive results not only for common autosomal aneuploidies but also for rare autosomal trisomies (RATs) and structural chromosomal abnormalities (StrCAs). Due to their rarity, there is currently insufficient information on positive predictive value PPV of RAT and StrCA-positive cases in the literature. In this study, the screening accuracy and pregnancy outcomes of cases positive for rare chromosomal abnormalities were examined based on publications in which GW-NIPT testing was performed. True positive cases were determined using two different methodologies. One was a confirmed methodology, where only cases validated by genetic testing were considered true positives with a definite diagnosis, and the other was an extended methodology, where, in addition to cases confirmed by genetic testing, intrauterine fetal death and termination of pregnancy due to an abnormality confirmed by ultrasound examination were also considered true positives, where no diagnosis had been made but the fetus was probably affected. Seventeen studies were analyzed, with a total GW-NIPT population of 740,076. Of these, 1,738 were RAT positive. Using the confirmed method, we found the highest rates of true positives in T16, followed by T22, and T2, using the extended method, the highest rate of true positives in T15, T16 and T22. This is the first meta-analysis to determine the frequency of rare chromosomal abnormalities, test-positive rates, and the PPV of each chromosomal abnormality with high precision. Our results could aid pre- and post-test genetic counselling and help patients and clinicians in their decision-making.
Exposing telomere length’s impact on malnutrition risk among older adults residing in the community: Insights from cross-sectional data analysis
Authors: Rodrigues Priscila , Furtado Guilherme , Martins Margarida , Vieira Ricardo , Orlandi Ariene , Brito-Costa Sónia , Moisão Ana , Corona Ligiana , Lima Daniela , Brito Tábatta
Published: November 2024

Background

Successful aging is associated with an increase in life expectancy. For a better understanding of the aging process, recognize the relationship between telomere length and nutritional status is a novel approach in geriatric science. Telomers shortening coincides with a decrease in life expectancy, and an increased risk of malnutrition-related diseases.

Goals

The goal of this study was to investigate whether a shorter telomere length is associated with a greater likelihood of malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

A cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample of 448 older people aged 60 years old or over, and living in the urban area of an inland Brazilian municipality was conducted. The information was gathered in two stages: a) a personal interview was conducted to obtain sociodemographic, cognitive, and functional autonomy data. The Mini Nutritional Assessment was used to assess the risk of malnutrition. b) a blood sample was taken to proceed with the relative quantitative study of telomere length using real-time qPCR method. The differences between the groups were estimated using Pearson’s v2 and Fisher’s exact tests. In the data analysis, descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were applied.

Results

In 34.15% of the total sample, malnutrition was recognized as a risk factor. Older people with the shortest telomere length had more chances of getting malnutrition (OR = 1.63; IC:95% = 1.04–2.55) compared to those with longer telomeres, independent of age groups, family income, multimorbidity, cognitive decline, and depressive symptoms.

Conclusion

The creation of clinical trials and the implementation of therapies to reduce the risk of malnutrition will be aided using the telomere length as an aging innovative biomarker, connected with nutritional status.
Investigating the average kiloelectron-volt emission of partially observed events in nuclear physics through distance weighted mean based censored control chart
Authors: Nisar Shumaila , Raza Syed Muhammad Muslim , Albalawi Olayan , Alharthi Aiedh Mrisi
Published: November 2024

The average lifespan of particles, a crucial parameter in nuclear physics, is essential for identification purposes. Modern particle detectors excel at recognizing individual radioactive nuclei arrivals and their subsequent decay events. However, challenges arise when matching arrivals with departures, especially when departures are only partially observed. One inefficient approach involves conducting experiments with very low arrival rates to facilitate matching. The kiloelectron-volt E(keV) emission is obtained during this radio active process. This study focuses on the meticulous surveillance of the average keV emission from partially observed events within the domain of nuclear physics. To accomplish this, the methodology employs the statistical approach known as Distance Weighted Mean (DWM), integrated with the application of censored control charts. The utilization of censored control charts allows for the effective management of incomplete data, enabling researchers to make informed decisions despite potential limitations in observation. We propose a DWM based exponentially weighted moving average-cumulative sum (DWM-EC) control chart for monitoring kiloelectron-volt E(keV) data. The proposed charts is developed for Weibull lifetimes under type-I censoring. For the construction of an efficient control charting structure, we employed the conditional median (CM) methods. The goal is to find changes in the mean of Weibull lifetimes with censored data with known and estimated parameter conditions. The performance of the proposed DWM-EC chart is evaluated by the average run length (ARL). Besides a simulation study, a real-life data set on E(keV) related to the alpha decays of 177 Lutetium isotope is also discussed.
“I’m in the Bluesky Tonight”: Insights from a year worth of social data
Authors: Failla Andrea , Rossetti Giulio
Published: November 2024

Pollution of online social spaces caused by rampaging d/misinformation is a growing societal concern. However, recent decisions to reduce access to social media APIs are causing a shortage of publicly available, recent, social media data, thus hindering the advancement of computational social science as a whole. We present a large, high-coverage dataset of social interactions and user-generated content from Bluesky Social to address this pressing issue. The dataset contains the complete post history of over 4M users (81% of all registered accounts), totalling 235M posts. We also make available social data covering follow, comment, repost, and quote interactions. Since Bluesky allows users to create and like feed generators (i.e., content recommendation algorithms), we also release the full output of several popular algorithms available on the platform, along with their timestamped “like” interactions. This dataset allows novel analysis of online behavior and human-machine engagement patterns. Notably, it provides ground-truth data for studying the effects of content exposure and self-selection and performing content virality and diffusion analysis.
Analysis of clinicopathological factors associate with the visibility of early gastric cancer in endoscopic examination and usefulness of linked color imaging: A multicenter prospective study
Authors: Fukuda Kensuke , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Yamaguch Daisuke , Tanaka Yuichiro , Hashiguchi Kazutoshi , Akutagawa Takashi , Shimoda Ryo , Suzuki Sho , Miike Tadashi , Sumida Yorinobu , Maeda Hidehito , Sasaki Fumisato , Gushima Ryosuke , Miyamoto Hideaki , Hashiguchi Keiichi , Yamaguchi Naoyuki , Ohira Tetsuya , Kinjo Tetsu , Ohnita Ken , Moriyama Tomohiko , Ohtsu Kensei , Aso Akira , Ogawa Ryo , Ueo Tetsuya , Fukuda Masahide
Published: November 2024

Background

This study investigated clinicopathological factors associated with the visibility of early gastric cancer and the efficacy of linked color imaging.

Methods

Patients with early gastric cancer who underwent endoscopic treatment between April 2021 and July 2022 were enrolled. All cases underwent white light imaging and linked color imaging. Three experts evaluated lesion visibility using a visual analog scale. A mean score ≥3 on white light imaging was defined as “good visibility”, and <3 as “poor visibility”. We extracted patient information and endoscopic and pathological data for the lesion and background mucosa, analyzed factors associated with the visibility of early gastric cancer, and compared visibility between white light imaging and linked color imaging.

Results

Ninety-seven lesions were analyzed, with good visibility in 49 and poor visibility in 48. Multivariate analysis revealed small lesion size (odds ratio 1.89) and presence of endoscopic intestinal metaplasia (odds ratio 0.49) as significantly associated with the poor visibility of early gastric cancer. Mean visibility score was significantly higher for linked color imaging (P<0.001). Mean score for linked color imaging was significantly higher in the poor visibility group (P<0.001), but not significantly different in the good visibility group (P = 0.292). Mean score was significantly higher with linked color imaging in cases with endoscopic intestinal metaplasia (P = 0.0496) and lesions <20 mm in diameter (<10 mm, P = 0.002; 10–20 mm, P = 0.004).

Conclusions

Lesion size and endoscopic intestinal metaplasia are associated with the visibility of early gastric cancer in white light imaging. Linked color imaging improves visibility of gastric cancer with these factors.
Center of mass kinematic reconstruction during steady-state walking using optimized template models
Authors: Kelly David J. , Wensing Patrick M.
Published: November 2024

Template models, such as the Bipedal Spring-Loaded Inverted Pendulum and the Virtual Pivot Point, have been widely used as low-dimensional representations of the complex dynamics in legged locomotion. Despite their ability to qualitatively match human walking characteristics like M-shaped ground reaction force (GRF) profiles, they often exhibit discrepancies when compared to experimental data, notably in overestimating vertical center of mass (CoM) displacement and underestimating gait event timings (touchdown/ liftoff). This paper hypothesizes that the constant leg stiffness of these models explains the majority of these discrepancies. The study systematically investigates the impact of stiffness variations on the fidelity of model fittings to human data, where an optimization framework is employed to identify optimal leg stiffness trajectories. The study also quantifies the effects of stiffness variations on salient characteristics of human walking (GRF profiles and gait event timing). The optimization framework was applied to 24 subjects walking at 40% to 145% preferred walking speed (PWS). The findings reveal that despite only modifying ground forces in one direction, variable leg stiffness models exhibited a >80% reduction in CoM error across both the B-SLIP and VPP models, while also improving prediction of human GRF profiles. However, the accuracy of gait event timing did not consistently show improvement across all conditions. The resulting stiffness profiles mimic walking characteristics of ankle push-off during double support and reduced CoM vaulting during single support.
Anti-inflammatory effects of eupatilin on Helicobacter pylori CagA-induced gastric inflammation
Authors: Lee Bong Eun , Park Su Jin , Kim Gwang Ha , Joo Dong Chan , Lee Moon Won
Published: November 2024

Background

Eupatilin, a flavone isolated from Artemisia species, exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-neoplastic activities. However, the effects of eupatilin on H. pylori-associated gastritis remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of eupatilin on gastric epithelial cells infected with cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA)-positive Helicobacter pylori.

Materials and methods

AGS human gastric carcinoma cells were infected with a CagA-positive H. pylori strain and then treated with 10, 50, or 100 ng of eupatilin. After 24 h, the expression levels of CagA, phosphoinositide 3-kinase 1 (PI3K), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, interleukin (IL)-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the cell lysates were measured using western blotting, and the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

CagA translocation into AGS cells resulted in an elongated cell morphology, which was significantly suppressed by eupatilin treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Immunofluorescence staining for anti-CagA showed that eupatilin treatment dose-dependently inhibited CagA expression in the H. pylori-infected AGS cells. H. pylori infection increased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1, and eupatilin treatment significantly reduced the levels of these cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, eupatilin treatment dose-dependently suppressed the expression of PI3K and NF-κB.

Conclusions

Eupatilin treatment demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects on CagA-positive H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells by inhibiting CagA translocation, thereby suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. These results suggest that eupatilin plays a protective role against CagA-positive H. pylori-induced gastritis.
The influence of lightweight wearable resistance on whole body coordination during sprint acceleration among Australian Rules football players
Authors: Trounson Karl M. , Robertson Sam , Ball Kevin
Published: November 2024

Rapid acceleration is an important quality for field-based sport athletes. Technical factors contribute to acceleration and these can be deliberately influenced by coaches through implementation of constraints, which afford particular coordinative states or induce variability generally. Lightweight wearable resistance is an emerging training tool, which can act as a constraint on acceleration. At present, however, the effects on whole body coordination resulting from wearable resistance application are unknown. To better understand these effects, five male Australian Rules football athletes performed a series of 20 m sprints with either relatively light or heavy wearable resistance applied to the anterior or posterior aspects of the thighs or shanks. Whole body coordination during early acceleration was examined across eight wearable resistance conditions and compared with baseline (unresisted) acceleration coordination using group- and individual-level hierarchical cluster analysis. Self-organising maps and a joint-level distance matrix were used to further investigate specific kinematic changes in conditions where coordination differed most from baseline. Across the group, relatively heavy wearable resistance applied to the thighs resulted in the greatest difference to whole body coordination compared with baseline acceleration. On average, heavy posterior thigh wearable resistance led to altered pelvic position and greater hip extension, while heavy anterior thigh wearable resistance led to accentuated movement at the shoulders in the transverse and sagittal planes. These findings offer a useful starting point for coaches seeking to use wearable resistance to promote adoption of greater hip extension or upper body contribution during acceleration. Importantly, individuals varied in how they responded to heavy thigh wearable resistance, which coaches should be mindful of.
Prevalence and factors associated with extrauterine growth restriction in premature infants
Authors: Anggareni Komang Tria , Sidiartha I Gusti Lanang , Artana I Wayan Dharma , Suwarba I Gusti Ngurah Made , Hartawan I Nyoman Budi , Gustawan I Wayan
Published: November 2024

Background Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) is common in preterm infants and has been shown to affect their neurodevelopment. Significant variability exists in the criteria used to define EUGR and a standard definition has not yet been established. Several factors associated with EUGR have been identified, yet EUGR remains a problem in preterm infants. There is still much to be explored regarding risk factors associated with EUGR.
Objective To determine the prevalence and factors associated with EUGR in preterm infants.
Methods This cross-sectional study included randomly selected premature infants (<37 weeks gestational age) who were admitted to levels II and III Neonatal Ward at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital from May 2022 to August 2023.
Results Of 185 subjects, the prevalence of EUGR in preterm infants was 47% and there were significant associations between EUGR and birth weight <1500 g (PR 8.814; 95%CI: 3.943 to 19.7; P=0.000), small for gestational age/SGA (PR 28.95; 95%CI: 3.79 to 220.1; P=0.000), neonatal sepsis (PR 4.29; 95%CI: 2.21 to 8.31; P=0.000), hyaline membrane disease/HMD (PR 2.12; 95%CI: 1.16 to 3.88; P=0.021), use of respiratory support (PR 2.57; 95%CI: 1.35 to 4.92; P=0.005), initiation of enteral nutrition at >48 hours (PR 2.23; 95%CI: 1.21 to 4.09; P=0.014) and length of stay/LOS >14 days (PR 8.11; 95%CI: 4.13 to 15.9; P=0.000). Multivariate analysis revealed birth weight <1500 g (aPR 5.14; 95%CI: 1.55 to 17.06; P=0.007), SGA (aPR 24.26; 95%CI: 2.64 to 222.6; P=0.005), presence of sepsis (aPR 2.35; 95%CI: 1.00 to 5.5; P=0.049), and length of hospital stay >14 days (aPR 4.93; 95%CI: 2.15 to 11.31; P=0.000) maintained positive significant associations with EUGR.
Conclusion The prevalence of EUGR in preterm infants is 47%. Birth weight <1500 g, small for gestational age, sepsis, and length of stay >14 days are associated with EUGR in preterm infants.
Pre-and post-emergence herbicide selectivity in peanuts at an early stage
Authors: Costa Augusto Guerreiro Fontoura , Sofiatti Valdinei , De Moraes Falleiro Suassuna Taís
Published: November 2024

Studies on herbicide selectivity to peanuts detected differences according to the evaluated active ingredient and genotypes. This study analyzed the herbicide selectivity of two genotypes at an early stage. Pre-emergence (trifluralin, pendimethalin, diclosulam, s-metolachlor, imazethapyr + flumioxazin, clomazone, sulfentrazone, and imazapic) and post-emergence (imazapic, bentazon, bentazon + imazamox, clethodim, quizalofop-p-ethyl, cloransulam-methyl, s-metolachlor, lactofen, 2,4-D, and carfentrazone) applications were assessed in 1253 OL and 2133 OL breeding lines. The effects of pre- (PRE) and post-emergence (POST) herbicides were the same for both genotypes, with PRE not affecting seedling emergence and shoot and root dry mass. Diclosulam was among the most selective PRE herbicides, while the clomazone treatment caused only mild damage. All tested POST herbicides caused damage for up to 14 days after application (DAA). At 28 DAA, most herbicides exhibited the same damage as the untreated control. Lactofen caused mild damage (11.8%) without reducing plant height and shoot and root dry mass. Diclosulam, clomazone, and lactofen are unregistered for peanut crops in Brazil, and further studies should test their selectivity for peanut cultivars. Screening studies on selectivity to imazapic, 2,4-D, and carfentrazone are also relevant to identifying sources of tolerance in peanut germplasm.