bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALVEOLAR RECRUITMENT MANEUVERS FOR CHILDREN WITH CANCER AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME: A FEASIBILITY STUDY
Authors: Galassi Marcela Salvador , Arduini Rodrigo Genaro , Araújo Orlei Ribeiro de , Sousa Rosa Masssa Kikuchi , Petrilli Antonio Sergio , Silva Dafne Cardoso Bourguignon da
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be a devastating condition in children with cancer and alveolar recruitment maneuvers (ARMs) can theoretically improve oxygenation and survival. The study aimed to assess the feasibility of ARMs in critically ill children with cancer and ARDS. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 31 maneuvers in a series of 12 patients (median age of 8.9 years) with solid tumors (n=4), lymphomas (n=2), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n=2), and acute myeloid leukemia (n=4). Patients received positive end-expiratory pressure from 25 up to 40 cmH20, with a delta pressure of 15 cmH2O for 60 seconds. We assessed blood gases pre- and post-maneuvers, as well as ventilation parameters, vital signs, hemoglobin, clinical signs of pulmonary bleeding, and radiological signs of barotrauma. Pre- and post-values were compared by the Wilcoxon test. Results: Median platelet count was 53,200/mm3. Post-maneuvers, mean arterial pressure decreased more than 20% in two patients, and four needed an increase in vasoactive drugs. Hemoglobin levels remained stable 24 hours after ARMs, and signs of pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or subcutaneous emphysema were absent. Fraction of inspired oxygen decreased significantly after ARMs (FiO2; p=0.003). Oxygen partial pressure (PaO2)/FiO2 ratio increased significantly (p=0.0002), and the oxygenation index was reduced (p=0.01), but all these improvements were transient. Recruited patients’ 28-day mortality was 58%. Conclusions: ARMs, although feasible in the context of thrombocytopenia, lead only to transient improvements, and can cause significant hemodynamic instability.
REFERENCE KNOWLEDGE IN TEACHER EVALUATION
Authors:   Osh Humanitarian Pedagogical Institute, Isakova Venera
Published: January 2021

Evaluation activity is a special form of human activity. It appeared along with human activities and is an important characteristic of it. Assessment allows you to know the surrounding reality, to establish a reliable and useful relationship with it. The teacher also, in assessing the knowledge and skills of the student, must learn about his academic achievements and shortcomings. To organize the assessment, the teacher must learn the organization mechanisms, the stages of its implementation. However, in order to successfully carry out the assessment, the teacher must have formed supporting knowledge. The article is devoted to the study of these issues.
PROPOSTA DE UM SISTEMA TUTOR INTELIGENTE CONSIDERANDO AS CARACTERÍSTICAS AFETIVAS E O CONHECIMENTO DO ESTUDANTE PARA A RECOMENDAÇÃO DE OBJETOS DE APRENDIZAGEM
Authors:   UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE UBERLÂNDIA, MELO SARA LUZIA DE , DANTAS ADILMAR COELHO ,   UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE UBERLÂNDIA, SOUSA REGIS MICHEL DOS SANTOS ,   UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE UBERLÂNDIA, TEIXEIRA DANIEL LEONARDO DE SOUZA ,   UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE UBERLÂNDIA, SILVA MISLENE DALILA DA ,   UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE UBERLÂNDIA, LIMA LUCIANO VIEIRA ,   UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE UBERLÂNDIA
Published: January 2021

ESTE TRABALHO APRESENTA UM SISTEMA TUTOR INTELIGENTE PARA ADAPTAÇÃO DOS OBJETOS DE APRENDIZAGEM OFERECIDOS AO ESTUDANTE DE ACORDO COM SEU CONHECIMENTO. PARA ISTO, PROPÕE QUE A INTERFACE PROFESSOR SEJA INSERIDA NA ARQUITETURA DO SISTEMA E, POR MEIO DA TEORIA DOS MAPAS DE CONHECIMENTOS ESTRUTURADOS, O PROFESSOR ELABORA O PLANEJAMENTO ADAPTÁVEL DO CURSO. NA INTERFACE DO ESTUDANTE, EFETUA-SE O MAPEAMENTO DAS DÚVIDAS DE CONCEITOS E CONHECIMENTOS DO ESTUDANTE E, PARA CADA DÚVIDA APRESENTA-SE OBJETOS DE APRENDIZAGEM, EM DIFERENTES FORMATOS, RESPONSÁVEIS POR SANAR AS DÚVIDAS DO ESTUDANTE EM DETERMINADO MÓDULO DO CURSO. ALÉM DISSO, NESTA ABORDAGEM, SÃO CONSIDERADAS INFORMAÇÕES SOBRE AS EMOÇÕES E OS PERFIS DE PERSONALIDADE COM INTUITO DE OFERECER ESTÍMULOS E/OU MOTIVAÇÃO PERSONALIZADOS AO ESTUDANTE DURANTE O PROCESSO COGNITIVO.
Kohti valoa, kulttuuripolitiikka
Authors: Ruusuvirta Minna
Published: January 2021

Tutkimuksen tekeminen ja tutkitun tiedon merkitys korostuvat yhteiskunnassa, jossa asiat kehittyvät ja muuttuvat välillä hyvinkin nopeasti. Monimuotoinen ja muuttuva taiteen ja kulttuurin kenttä ja kulttuuripoliittinen päätöksenteko tarvitsevat tässä ajassa tuekseen monialaista ja ajassa kiinni olevaa kulttuuripolitiikan tutkimusta, joka lisää ymmärrystä yhteiskunnallisista ilmiöistä, haastaa kyseenalaistamaan olemassa olevia vastauksia ja nostaa esiin epäkohtia. Näihin tarpeisiin vastaavat osaltaan myös tämänkertaisen vuosikirjan artikkelit ja muut tekstit, tuoden valoa muun muassa ulkomaalaissyntyisiin taiteilijoihin, osallistamisen edistämiseen, kulttuuridiplomatiaan sekä julkiseen taiteeseen ja kaupunkikulttuuriin liittyviin kysymyksiin, koronapandemiaa unohtamatta.
Kulttuuripolitiikan visiot ja jatkuvuus
Authors: Jakonen Olli , Renko Vappu
Published: January 2021

Poliittiset puolueet ovat merkittäviä kulttuuripoliittisia vaikuttajia: ne ovat avainasemassa määrittelemässä sitä, mitä kulttuuripolitiikka on ja miten sitä yhteiskunnassa harjoitetaan. Puolueilla on omia kulttuuriin kohdistuvia asenteitaan ja tavoitteitaan. Näistä saa tietoa etenkin erilaisista ohjelmista: laajoista yleisohjelmista, rajatusti taide- ja kulttuuripolitiikkaa ja muita politiikkalohkoja koskevista erityisohjelmista sekä vaalikauden tavoitteita kuvaavista vaaliohjelmista. Tässä katsauksessa keskitymme jälkimmäisiin. Puolueiden kevään 2019 eduskuntavaaliohjelmien ja tuoreimpien kulttuuripoliittisten erityisohjelmien kautta tarkastelemme puolueiden kulttuuripoliittista puhuntaa ja visioita julkisen kulttuuripolitiikan päämääristä.

Katsaus osoittaa, että puolueiden välillä on eroja kulttuuripoliittisen puhunnan laajuudessa ja sisällössä. Kuitenkin kaikki puolueet ovat varsin sitoutuneita vakiintuneeseen kulttuuripoliittiseen järjestelmään. Tämä heijastaa hallinnon vahvaa asemaa suomalaisessa kulttuuripolitiikassa. Samalla puolueiden näkemykset kulttuurin määrittelystä ja kulttuuripoliittisista tavoitteista laajentavat monin osin vakiintuneen sektorihallinnon rajauksia.
Kotiinpaluu, jotenkin? – Kulttuuripolitiikan moniselitteisyydestä ja työntövoimista
Authors: Kraatari Eliza
Published: January 2021

Pääkirjoituksen otsikkoon nostettu idea kotiinpaluusta viittaa samannimisessä kappaleessa esitettyyn haaveeseen ”noin vain palata kotiin”, jos joku vain ensin ”voitelee tiedolla päät ja mielet tyynnyttää”. Erinäisten uudistusten, innovaatiotoiveiden ja digitoimisprosessien keskellä syvällinen lukeminen ja puntaroitu kirjoittaminen ovat kuitenkin yhä edelleen tehokkaimpia konsteja itse kunkin ottaa vastuuta oman ajattelunsa kehittämisestä. Muuttuvassa yhteiskunnassa kulttuuripolitiikallakaan ei ole auvoista alkukotia, johon palata, vaan muutosvoimattyöntävät sitäkin, vaikka inertia kuinka panisi hanttiin.

Kulttuuripolitiikan tutkimuksen vuosikirja tarjoaa tätä prosessia varten kanavia erilaisille tekstilajeille vertaisarvioiduista artikkeleista kirja-arvioihin ja kolumneihin. Tässä yhteydessä tiedoksi myös saatettakoon, että vastaisuudessa vuosikirjassa julkaistavat vertaisarvioidut tieteelliset artikkelit julkaistaan heti niiden valmistuttua, ennen julkaisun koontia (online first -menettely).
Ammattitaiteilijuus ja kirjailijana olemisen ehdot muunkielisten kirjailijoiden näkökulmasta
Authors: Talaskivi Katri
Published: January 2021

In this article I describe the results of a questionnaire survey done on non-dominant language writers in Finland, and reflect this on the criteria by which a professional artist has been traditionally defined in Finland. The background data consists of reports and studies on artists' social standing conducted by Arts Promotion Center Finland, Cupore and the Finnish Writers' Union.

There were 31 responses to the study from non-dominant language residents of Finland who identify themselves as writers. Among these writers, the most often mentioned factor to define a professional writer were published works. Published works have also been central when a professional artist / writer has been defined in the Finnish art support system since its beginning in the late 1960's and early 1970's, and indirectly they are important also when professionalism is defined through memberships of trade unions, grants, main income source etc. as in all these evaluation in based on work that has been approved as part of the art world, i. e published by a publishing house. 

According to this reflection, the Finnish way of defining a professional writer to a great extent excludes writers who are unable to publish their work on paper through commercial publishing houses, let alone in Finnish or Swedish. This is the case with most writers with refugee, assylum seeker or voluntary exile background, or writers who come from countries with a different publishing industry from the Finnish model, or whose audiences are spread in all parts of the globe; instead, they publish online for political, financial, or practical reasons.

My article strengthens the argument that the Finnish institutionalist way of defining a professional artist needs to be modified, especially on the level of institutional practises, to meet the reality of a quickly multilingualized society.
Translation as a Communication Strategy in Representing National Culture
Authors: Akkaliyeva Aizhan , Abdykhanova Baktigul , Meirambekova Lyazat , Jambaeyva Zhanar , Tussupbekova Galiya
Published: January 2021

The linguistic trinity policy, which has been implemented in Kazakhstan since its independence in the 1990s, is aimed at integrating translation into global processes. Kazakh-Russian bilingualism, caused by the historical and geopolitical proximity of the two countries, is now turning into trilingualism, joining up with English as the dominant language for international communication. Literary translation as a part of cross-cultural communication is also involved in social inclusion processes, contributing to the exchange of cultural values and a better understanding of modern multilingual Kazakhstani society. This article focuses on the issue of presenting Kazakh literature in translation through a mediating language and the research involves an analysis of culture-related lexemes as representations of a nomadic lifestyle in the mirror of intercultural communication. The authors highlight cultural and linguistic aspects of Kazakh transmitted from the mediatory Russian into the target English. Based on a review of previous findings on indirect literary translation, this article discusses whether a mediating language affects the inclusion of Kazakh culture in the globalization process.
Two Linguas Francas? Social Inclusion through English and Esperanto
Authors: Gobbo Federico , Marácz László
Published: January 2021

New forms of mobility presuppose a technological factor that frames it as ‘topological proximity,’ regardless of the nature of the mobile agent (human being, robot ware, animal, virus, digital object). The appeal of the so-called linguas francas is especially evident in human beings showing high propensity to move, i.e., motility. They are usually associated with transnational communication in multilingual settings, linguistic justice, and globalization. Paradoxically, such global languages foster mobility, but, at the same time, they may hinder social inclusion in the hosting society, especially for people in mobility. The article compares English as a lingua franca and Esperanto in the European context, putting together the linguistic hierarchy of transnational communication (Gobbo, 2015) and the notion of linguistic unease, used to assess sociolinguistic justice (Iannàccaro, Gobbo, & Dell’Aquila, 2018). The analysis shows that the sense of belonging of their respective speakers influences social inclusion in different ways. More in general, the article frames the linguistic dimension of social inclusion in terms of linguistic ease, proposing a scale suitable for the analysis of European contexts.
Social Inclusion and Multilingualism: Linguistic Justice and Language Policy
Authors: Csata Zsombor , Marácz László
Published: January 2021

Multilingual or linguistically heterogeneous societies are increasing around the globe. Socio-political processes, like Europeanization and globalization, are responsible for this expansion. Universal norms and standards for language use and identity are spreading, mediated by international organizations and charters. In this view, multilingualism can be seen as a challenge to national social cohesion, though it remained undisputed before the development of global multi level governance. In many places, languages of traditional territorial minorities have been recognized and given official status, leading in some cases to new forms of local, regional, and national governance. Furthermore, the proliferation of multilingualism is boosted by a variety of forms of mobility, where mobility is understood as physical migration or new forms of virtual mobility connected to digital networks. Mobility in this sense underpins the linguistic and transnational identity of the migrants who bring new languages with them. One of the questions in need of analysis is the circumstances and conditions that lead to the inclusion/exclusion from society of specific linguistic groups with shared linguistic features. This thematic issue wants to address the apparent schism between multilingualism and social inclusion as well as the language policy and planning pursued by supranational institutions, states, and societal organizations in their efforts tackle it. In this issue, the focus of study of linguistically diverse societies will be on the closely interrelated dependencies which impact language policy and planning.
RESEARCH OF CRISES OF PROFESSIONAL FORMATION FROM THE POSITION OF SUBJECT-ACTIVE APPROACH
Authors: Miliutina Kateryna , Rubel Nataliia
Published: January 2021

In the article are represented results of empirical research of anxiety features and life goals of personality in professional development crisis. Our sample included 80 persons in the age 17-35 years. It was divided on two groups: first group consisted of 34 people, students of 1-3 courses, the second group consisted of 46 people that were changing their profession and are actually practicing new trade. We used anxiety test of Spilberger-Hanin to explore level of individual and situational anxiety. In addition, we used "Life goals of personality" method that was developed by laboratory of social psychology ISPP NASU led by T. M. Tytarenko. With the help of this method, we explored characteristics of life goals of our sample. It was found that there is a significant difference by Rs criterion on the level p ≤ 0,05 between two groups on a scale "Operational characteristics of life goals". Among working people prevail doubts that they can cope with difficulties, thoughts that success is just an accident, orientation on "need", but not "want". In students group we can see lack of stability and flexibility in solving life tasks. There is straight correlation between motivational directions level and individual anxiety level on the group of working people (p < 0,01). It means growing of inside tension in the presence of motivational directions number increasing. We can assume that motivational direction is some sort of coping-strategy that is using by anxious individuals to put their lives in order. In that way they try to create "image of desired life", that combines expectations, demands and intentions, determining choice of life-realization strategy. In both groups was identified inverse correlation between attitude to the future and individual anxiety (P < 0,01). Operational characteristics of life goals inversely proportional to anxiety level in both groups. That means, that recognition of self-meaning in life-realization, orientation on own plans and needs and ability to take responsibility are low anxiety level related factors. This results gives us an opportunity to say that higher identity, own life goals realization, sense of resilience, life integrity, using of flexibility and activity strategies helps to cope with anxiety during professional crisis.
Features of labor course upon with preterm rupture of membranes and "mature" cervix at gestation of 37 weeks or higher
Authors: Kaganova M. A. , Spiridonova N. V. , Bezrukova A. A. , Mednikova O. M. , Medvedchikova-Ardia L. K.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Management and the prevalence of labor complications in patients with premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) is a pressing issue. Aim: to assess the features of childbirth course in patients with PROM during a full-term pregnancy and a favourable cervix. Materials and methods. А prospective analysis of labor course and the postpartum period was performed in 189 patients with a singleton pregnancy with occipital presentation, at least 37-week gestation, of low and moderate risk groups, without contraindications for vaginal delivery. PROM as complicated pregnancy was found in 89 subjects (main group), whereas 100 having labor onset with intact fetal membranes were enrolled into comparison group. The features of labor course were analyzed. Results. Primiparous patients dominated in the main group (66.7 %). The latent period between amniotic fluid discharge to labor onset comprised 4.15 ± 3.48 hours and 3.40 ± 2.13 hours in primiparous and multiparous women, respectively, whereas labor activity in 19 % of women did not develop after 6 hour-latent period. The average duration of labor did not depend on the patient parity and was longer in the group with PROM: 8.06 ± 3.51 hours – in primiparous females, 7.21 ± 2.56 hours – in comparison group (T = –1.99; p = 0.04) due to prolonged first stage of labor. In patients with and without PROM, rate of poor uterine contraction strength was 24.7 % and 18.3 % (p = 0.29), cervical dystocia – 2.25 % and 0 % (p = 0.13), use of oxytocin in childbirth – 35.9 % and 18.3 % (p = 0.007), respectively. Caesarean sections in the main group were recorded in 15 cases (16.85 %), fetal vacuum extraction – 6 cases (6.74 %), whereas in the comparison group – per 2 (2,0 %) cases, respectively (χ2 = 16.13; p < 0.001). Conclusion. Patients with PROM and favourable cervix were shown to have duration of labor, occurrence of operative delivery, rupture of the cervix, and use of oxytocin lasting substantially longer compared to those with the rupture of membranes after onset of the labor. PROM with a favourable cervix occurs more often in primiparous females, which is also coupled to peak rate complications. A 6-hour expectant management is considered as insufficient, because an onset of labor activity in 15.7 % of patients developed after latent period lasting more than 6 hours.
Expert report on the Elina Sushkevich case
Authors: Di Renzo G. C.
Published: January 2021

Per request of MD, Dr Sci Med, Professor, Academician of RAS Nikolay N. Volodin, President of Russian association of specialists in perinatal medicine (RASPM) one of leading specialists in obstetrics, gynecology and perinatal medicine in the world prof. Gian Carlo Di Renzo have prepared the Expert Report on the Elina Sushkevich case. Taken into account the importance of this case for healthcare professionals, we publish the full text in the original and translated into Russian.
Antenatal fetal death in multiple pregnancy: is early prediction possible?
Authors: Tsibizova V. I. , Blinov D. V. , Bitsadze V. O. , Pervunina T. M. , Komlichenko E. V. , Govorov I. E. , Kudryashova E. K. , Averkin I. I.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Perinatal mortality in multiple pregnancies increases by 8–10 times compared to singletons. Stillbirth is a significant part of all complications of multiple pregnancies. Although the incidence of perinatal mortality in multiple pregnancies has decreased consistently compared to extremely high rates in the past, it remains relatively high, despite significant positive changes in the management of such pregnancies. Aim: to assess the diagnostic potential of the first trimester's biochemical screening in multiple pregnancies for predicting antenatal fetal death. Materials and Methods. As part of a retrospective study, a cohort of twin pregnancies after in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), or spontaneous conception underwent screening of the first trimester at 11+0–13+6 weeks of gestation as recommended by the Fetal Medicine Foundation. Determination of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) in blood serum with subsequent calculation of the relative PAPP-A MoM (multiples of median) – a multiple of the median (an indicator of how much the individual test result deviates from the reference values) was performed. Results. Prenatal screening and outcomes of 302 multiple pregnancies showed that with PAPP-A MoM < 0.5, antenatal fetal death occurred with a frequency of 42.86 % (6/14), with PAPP-A MoM within the reference values – In 12.67 % (28/221), with PAPP-A MoM > 2.0 – in 6.7 % (2/30). Differences between patients with PAPP-A MoM < 0.5 and PAPP-A MoM within the reference values, as well as PAPP-A MoM < 0.5 and PAPP-A MoM > 2.0 were statistically significant (p = 0.002 and p = 0.004, respectively). No differences were detected between spontaneous and assisted reproductive technology (ART) pregnancies. Conclusion. In women with multiple pregnancies resulting from ART or spontaneous, PAPP-A MoM values below the reference interval (< 0.5) in the first trimester are associated with an increased risk of antenatal fetal death.
Regional Ground-Motion Simulation Using Recorded Ground Motions
Authors: Lu Xinzheng , Cheng Qingle , Tian Yuan , Huang Yuli
Published: January 2021

Regional ground-motion simulation is important for postearthquake seismic damage assessment. Herein, a ground-motion simulation method using recorded ground motions is proposed. Inverse-distance-weighted interpolation of the response spectra is performed to obtain the response spectrum at the target location. Then the ground-motion time history for the target location is obtained by correcting the nearest-station records using the continuous wavelet transform. An evaluation measure for the accuracy of the predicted ground motion, that is, the response-spectrum error, is introduced, and its relationship with the seismic damage of regional buildings is determined via a city-scale nonlinear time-history analysis. The response-spectrum errors under different site conditions, distances, and elevation differences are analyzed. The application conditions for the proposed method are subsequently outlined. The Tsinghua campus is examined as a case study to validate the method. Finally, downtown San Francisco under an Mw 7.0 simulated earthquake on the Hayward fault is selected as an example to demonstrate the proposed method. The proposed method overcomes the difficulties in determining the intrastation ground motions and provides valuable input to postearthquake seismic damage assessment.
Monitoring the 2020 Magna, Utah, Earthquake Sequence with Nodal Seismometers and Machine Learning
Authors: Baker Ben , Holt Monique M. , Pankow Kristine L. , Koper Keith D. , Farrell Jamie
Published: January 2021

Immediately following the 18 March 2020 Mww 5.7 Magna, Utah, earthquake, work began on installing a network of three-component, 5 Hz geophones throughout the Salt Lake Valley. After six days, 180 geophones had been sited within 35 km of the epicenter. Each geophone recorded 250 samples per second data onsite for ∼40 days. Here, we integrate the geophone data with data from the permanent regional seismic network operated by the University of Utah Seismograph Stations (UUSS). We use machine learning (ML) methods to create a new catalog of arrival time picks, earthquake locations, and P-wave polarities for 18 March 2020–30 April 2020. We train two deep-learning U-Net models to detect P waves and S waves, assigning arrival times to maximal posterior probabilities, followed by a two-step association process that combines deep learning with a grid-based interferometric approach. Our automated workflow results in 142,000 P picks, 188,000 S picks, and over 5000 earthquake locations. We recovered 95% of the events in the UUSS authoritative catalog and more than doubled the total number of events (5000 vs. 2300). The P and S arrival times generated by our ML models have near-zero biases and standard deviations of 0.05 s and 0.09 s, respectively, relative to corresponding analyst times picked at backbone stations. We also use a deep-learning architecture to automatically determine 70,000 P-wave first motions, which agree with 93% of 5876 hand-picked up or down first motions from both the backbone and nodal stations. Overall, the use of ML led to large increases in the number of arrival times, especially S times, that will be useful for future tomographic studies, as well as the discovery of thousands more earthquakes than exist in the UUSS catalog.
Azerbaycan-Ermenistan Çatışması Haber Metinlerinin Eleştirel Söylem Çözümlemesi
Authors: ZARARSIZ Ömer Faruk , SEYHAN Ahmet Selman
Published: January 2021

Haber metinlerinin olayları aktarırken liberal anlayışın gereği olarak ayna vazifesi görmesi ve tarafsız aktarımda bulunması beklenmektedir. Ancak basın kuruluşlarının zaman zaman devletlerin ideolojik aygıtları işlevini üstlenerek devletin sahip olmuş olduğu ideolojiyi yeniden ürettiğine de rastlanmaktadır. Basın kuruluşlarının ideolojiyi yeniden üretiminde pek çok farklı unsur devreye girmektedir. Ekonomik veya siyasi bağlılıkların yanında kültür, kimlik veya dini sebeplerde ideolojik yakınlığın sebepleri olabilmektedir. Bu kapsamda Türkiye-Azerbaycan arasındaki ilişkinin tarihsel, kültürel, dini veya dil gibi ortak yönleri ışığında ve Türkiye-Ermenistan arasındaki ilişkide de tarihsel ardalan devletin ideolojisini belirlemekte önemli rol üstlenmektedir. Bu bağlamda Azerbaycan-Ermenistan arasında Karabağ bölgesinde süren çatışmaların ideolojinin bu etkileri çerçevesinde Cumhuriyet ve Sabah Gazetelerine yansıması van Dijk’ın söylem çözümlemesi modeli uygulanarak incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda, Türkiye’nin Karabağ sorununda ve Azerbaycan konusunda sahip olduğu ideolojik kabulün her iki gazete tarafından da yansıtıldığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Ancak birkaç nadir haberde Cumhuriyet Gazetesi alternatif söylemleri dile getirmeye çalışmıştır. Böylece basının devletin ideolojik aygıtı olarak rol üstlendiği ve 4. güç işlevini yerine getiremediği görülmüştür.
“The boundary we need”: Death and the challenge to postmodernity in Don DeLillo’s "White Noise"
Authors: Brown Mark
Published: January 2021

Don DeLillo’s White Noise is often taught as an exemplar of postmodern literature because of its concern with the postmodern themes of identity and spectacular commodification. There is much in the text, however, to suggest that DeLillo’s central characters are searching for certainties, some of which are related to earlier cultural paradigms. This paper argues that Don DeLillo’s novel explores ways to overcome the persistent displacement of meaning in postmodern texts by establishing death as one concept outside the systems of signs which is irreducible, certain and universal. DeLillo’s characters are in search of a “transcendental signified” (Derrida) able to bring a halt to the potentially infinite postmodern regressions of late twentieth century American culture. Here I argue that in White Noise it is death which provides this exterior metaphysical principle.
NDC Invest Bulletin: Vol. 4, January 2021
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: January 2021

The IDB Group supports the region through nature-based in Central America to address development challenges which are exacerbated by climate change. With a portfolio of about US $ 200 million, the Bank supports the design and implementation of REDD strategies focused on protection and management sustainable forest, value chain support and climate finance resource mobilization. These programs support countries to meet not only commitments under their NDCs, but also with national development priorities.
Optimization of Injection Pressure and Injection Timing on Fuel Sprays, Engine Performances and Emissions on a Developed DI 20C Biodiesel Engine Prototype
Authors: Sudarmanta Bambang , Mahanggi Alham A.K. , Yuvenda Dori , Soebagyo Hary
Published: January 2021

Biodiesel, as a renewable fuel that has the potential to replace diesel fossil fuels. With properties in the form of viscosity, density, and surface tension, which are higher than diesel fossil fuel, biodiesel produces poor spray characteristics, and also the high cetane number and oxygen content so that the ignition delay is shorter causes the start of combustion will shift more forward, therefore need to improve injection parameters including injection pressure and timing. The aim of this research is to get the optimal injection parameter optimization so as to improve engine performances and emissions. The method used is to increase the fuel injection pressure from 200 to 230 kg/cm2 and the injection timings were retarded from 22° to 16° BTDC. The results show that increasing injection pressure can improve spray characteristics as indicated by shorter penetration and smaller spray diameter of 30% and 9.8%, respectively and increase in spray spread angle of 21.9%. Then the optimization of engine performances and emissions, obtained at an injection pressure of 230 kg/cm2 and injection timing of 16° BTDC with an increase of power and thermal efficiency of 3.9% and 13.9%, respectively and reduction in smoke emissions of 45.2% at high load.
Heat Transfer Augmentation Using Water-in-Glass Evacuated Tube Coupled with Parabolic Trough in Rack Dryer in the Drying of Capsicum Frutescens
Authors: Pandiaraj Selvakumar , Ayyasamy Tamilvanan , Govindasamy Kumaresan
Published: January 2021

Open drying is practiced for drying Capsicum frutescens in the cottage industries of India. In order to improve drying, an experimental set-up of solar rack dryer is constructed and studied different heat transfer augmentation techniques. A passive heating coil extended from the header of a water-in-glass evacuated tube coupled with parabolic trough is used to augment the heat in the collector section of the dryer. The drying rate in rack dryer is found to be 62% higher than that of open air drying of green chillies. Moreover, the drying rate in augmented rack dryer is found to be 7% higher than that of rack dryer. In addition to this, an effective design for the dryer cabinet with respect to air circulation is arrived through computational fluid dynamics analysis. Through this new design, the drying rate is improved further by 3%. Based on energy analysis, the specific energy consumption during the drying of this particular product using the augmented dryer is found to be 1.27 kWh/kg. The exergy efficiency of the drying chamber is found to be in the range of 4%-45% with an average of 16% for Capsicum frutescens.
Prediction of Energy-Efficient Production of Coalbed Methane Based on Chaotic Time Series and Bayes-Least Squares-Support Vector Machine
Authors: Wang Yan , Man Zhongshui , Lu Meihua
Published: January 2021

The productivity of coalbed methane (CBM) depends heavily on the heat environment, and directly reflects the quality of the well. Following the theories of phase space reconstruction and Bayesian evidence framework, this paper puts forward a Bayes-least squares-support vector machine (Bayes-LS-SVM) model for the prediction of energy-efficient productivity of CBM under Bayesian evidence network based on chaotic time series. The energy-efficient productivity stands for the gas and water production of CBM wells at a low energy consumption, despite the disturbance from the heat environment. The proposed model avoids the local optimum trap of backpropagation neural network (BPNN), and overcomes the main defects of the SVM: high time consumption of parameter determination, and proneness to overfitting. In our model, the model parameters are optimized through three-layer Bayesian evidence inference, and the input vector for prediction is selected adaptively. In this way, the model construction is not too empirical, and the constructed model is highly adaptive. Then, the theory on phase space reconstruction was applied to investigate the chaotic property of the time series on CBM production, and the Bayes-LS-SVM was adopted to predict the time series after phase space reconstruction, in comparison with neural network prediction methods like SVM and BPNN. Experimental results show that the proposed model boast quick computing, accurate fitting, flexible structure, and strong generalization ability.
Children's construction as a means of forming cognitive interests preschool children
Authors: Makarova D.E.
Published: January 2021

The article reveals the essence of children's design in the context of the formation of cognitive interests of preschoolers. The content of child construction as a type of productive activity of preschool children is considered. The features, types of constructive activities of children implemented in the educational process of the preschool educational organization are analyzed.
„Tłomacke 13“ in Erinnerungen von Schriftstellern und Journalisten jiddischer Sprache
Authors: Ruta Magdalena
Published: January 2021

Die moderne jiddische Literatur ist eine relativ junge Erscheinung – sie besteht erst seit der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jhd.s, und die ersten professionell geführten kulturellen Einrichtungen, die ihre Entwicklung fördern sollten, entstanden erst zu Anfang des 20. Jhd.s. Der Jüdische Schriftsteller- und Journalistenverband wurde im Jahre 1915 gegründet und entwickelte bis zum Ausbruch des Zweiten Weltkrieges eine rege Tätigkeit. Der Verbandssitz in der Warschauer Straße Tłomackie 13 wurde schnell zu einem legendären Ort. „Tłomacke 13“ war somit nicht nur eine Adresse, sondern wurde auch als Synonym für eine populäre soziokulturelle Einrichtung gebraucht. Der Ort und die Einrichtung, die er verkörperte, wurden auch ‚die Bude‘ („di Bude“) genannt. Der Beitrag versteht sich als Versuch, die Rolle von „Tłomacke 13“ im damaligen jüdischen Kulturleben zu rekonstruieren, wie sie die Schriftsteller – Stammgäste jenes Lokals –, unter denen sich Persönlichkeiten wie Zusman Segalovič, Ber Rozen, Naxmen Majzil, Mixal Vajxert oder Melex Ravič befanden, verstanden hatten.
Der Sieg der „Unform“. Das „Schnee“-Kapitel des "Zauberbergs"
Authors: Jachimowicz Aneta
Published: January 2021

Thomas Manns Roman Der Zauberberg wird in den letzten zwanzig Jahren von zwei polaren Deutungen bestimmt: von der Deutung als Bildungsroman und von der als philosophischem Roman, der der pessimistischen Lebensstimmung Schopenhauers unterworfen sei. Ziel dieses Beitrages ist, die Entwicklungsstufen der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion über den Zauberberg und insbesondere über das Kapitel „Schnee“ zu zeigen, das, vielfach diskutiert, in der Forschung als Schlüssel zum Romanverständnis gesehen wird. Ausgehend von den unterschiedlichen und oft widersprüchlichen Deutungen des Traumes in diesem Kapitel, setzt sich die Autorin des Artikels zum Ziel, das „Schnee-Kapitel“ zur freudschen Traumdeutung in Bezug zu setzen. Dadurch wird versucht, hinter den manifesten Trauminhalten die latenten zu entdecken. Wenn Träume als ‚erfüllter Wunsch‘ aufzufassen sind, so wäre danach zu fragen, was Castorp eigentlich träumt bzw. was die Traumbilder versinnbildlichen und ob sich in Castorp durch den Traum eine Entwicklung zum Humanitätsgedanken hin, ein – so Thomas Mann – „Erziehungsprogramm“ vollzieht.
Die Vernetzung der Welt – zu Daniel Kehlmanns "Ruhm"
Authors: Haase Michael
Published: January 2021

Der doppeldeutige Titel von Kehlmanns Roman in neun Geschichten verweist auf das zentrale Thema des Buches. Es geht um die Frage, ob der Ruhm von Literatur und Philosophie im virtuellen ‚room‘ der Kommunikationstechnologie zu verblassen droht. Der vorliegende Aufsatz versteht Kehlmanns Werk als Versuch, die neue Welt des Cyberspace in alter Manier zu beschreiben und so die unverminderte Wirkkraft der Tradition zu zeigen.
Wortspiel und Modifizierung zum Ausdruck der Bewertung in deutschen und polnischen Zeitungsartikeln am Beispiel des Papstbildes Benedikts XVI
Authors: Waliszewska Karolina
Published: January 2021

Der Artikel präsentiert sprachliche Mittel zum Ausdruck der Bewertung mithilfe von Wortspielen und kreativen Modifizierungen, die oft auf situative Anpassung oder hintersinnige Andeutung angelegt sind und am Beispiel des Papstbildes Benedikts XVI. dargestellt werden, wie es von der deutschen und polnischen Presse vermittelt wird. Auf der Basis einer pragmalinguistisch orientierten Analyse ausgewählter Presseartikel wird eine allgemeine Charakteristik der Ausdrucksmöglichkeiten durch Wortspiele und Modifikationen auf der lexikalischen, morphologischen, syntaktischen und stilistischen Ebene vorgenommen.
Rezensionen
Authors: Lukas Katarzyna , Dzikowska Katarzyna , Jokiel Małgorzata , Joachimsthaler Jürgen , Działak Izabela , Kita-Huber Jadwiga , Solmecke Gert , Krause Daniel , Badstübner-Kizik Camilla , Popien Astrid , Patri Kai Hendrik
Published: January 2021

KĘSICKA, KAROLINA (2009): Adaption als Translation. Zum Bedeutungstransfer zwischen der Literatur- und Filmsprache am Beispiel der Remarque-Verfilmungen. Wrocław/Dresden: Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe / Neisse Verlag. 303 S.

KŁAŃSKA, MARIA / KITA-HUBER, JADWIGA / ZARYCHTA, PAWEŁ (eds.) (2010): „Cóż za księga!“ Biblia w literaturze niemieckojęzycznej od Oświecenia po współczesność. [„Welch ein Buch!“ Die Bibel in der deutschsprachigen Literatur von der Aufklärung bis zur Gegenwart]. Kraków: Homini. 564 S.

KRYSZTOFIAK, MARIA (ed.) (2010): Probleme der Übersetzungskultur. Frankfurt (M.)/Berlin/Bern u. a.: Peter Lang Verlag (=Danziger Beiträge zur Germanistik 33). 270 S.

KUNICKI, WOJCIECH / ZYBURA, MAREK (eds.) (2011): Germanistik in Polen. Zur Fachgeschichte einer literaturwissenschaftlichen Auslandsgermanistik. 18 Porträts. Osnabrück: fibre (=Studia Brandtiana 3). 400 S.

SZCZEPANIAK, MONIKA (ed.) (2010): Miłość we współczesnych tekstach kultury. [Liebe in Texten der Gegenwartskultur]. Bydgoszcz: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Kazimierza Wielkiego. 256 S.

WEIDNER, DANIEL (2011): Bibel und Literatur um 1800. München: Wilhelm Fink (=Reihe TRAJEKTE). 437 S.

ADAMCZAK-KRYSZTOFOWICZ, SYLWIA (2009): Fremdsprachliches Hörverstehen im Erwachsenenalter. Theoretische und empirische Grundlagen zur adressatengerechten und integrativen Förderung der Hörverstehenskompetenz am Beispiel Deutsch als Fremdsprache in Polen. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM (=Język – Kultura – Komunikacja 6). 405 S.

STEINFELD, THOMAS (2010): Der Sprachverführer. Die deutsche Sprache: was sie ist, was sie kann. München: Carl Hanser Verlag. 256 Seiten.

STEVENSON, PATRICK / CARL, JENNY (2010): Language and Social Change in Central Europe. Discourses on Policy, Identity and the German Language. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 292 S.

BORZYSZKOWSKA-SZEWCZYK, MIŁOSŁAWA / PLETZING, CHRISTIAN (eds.) (2010): Śladami żydowskimi po Kaszubach. Przewodni. Jüdische Spuren in der Kaschubei. Ein Reisehandbuch. München: Martin Meidenbauer Verlag. 448 S.

SCHÖNBORN, SIBYLLE (ed.) (2009): Grenzdiskurse. Zeitungen deutschsprachiger Minderheiten und ihr Feuilleton in Mitteleuropa bis 1939. Essen: Klartext Verlag. 227 S.
LEITURAS DO MARANHÃO: UMA PROPOSTA DE ENSINO DE LITERATURA A PARTIR DE TEXTOS DE AUTORES MARANHENSES EM UMA ESCOLA DE ENSINO MÉDIO DE TIMON (MA)
Authors: Lira Rhusily Reges , Moraes Garrido Natércia
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar os resultados efetivos advindos do Projeto de Extensão Leituras do Maranhão: uma proposta de ensino de Literatura a partir de textos de autores maranhenses em uma escola de Ensino Médio de Timon (MA). O desenvolvimento deste projeto abrange o período de 01 de setembro de 2016 a 31 de agosto de 2017 e ele objetiva ampliar, por meio da leitura e interpretação de textos poéticos de autores maranhenses, o poder de argumentação crítica oral e escrita de alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola estadual pertencente ao município de Timon – MA. A justificativa para a execução do projeto é que, por estar localizada entre dois estados brasileiros (Maranhão e Piauí), a cidade de Timon demonstra pouca identidade com a cultura maranhense. Como consequência desta localização geográfica, os alunos timonenses secundaristas revelam conhecer mais sobre a cultura do Piauí do que a do Maranhão. A metodologia de trabalho adotada volta-se para a prática de ensino de literatura visando a formação do pensamento crítico do aluno.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Oliveira Lígia Vanessa Penha
Published: January 2021

A Revista de Letras Juçara, em seu V4, N2, contempla duas sessões, o Dossiê Temático intitulado Epistemologias, experiências e políticas linguísticas: o ensino-aprendizagem de línguas em tempos de Covid-19 e a Sessão Livre. O Dossiê Temático desta edição conta com a organização das professoras Barbara Cristina Ramos (PUC-RIO/CAPES) e Maura Rejane Amaral Rodrigues Amorim (UEMA/CAMPUS CAXIAS). Este número traz uma seleção de artigos que investigam as temáticas do seu escopo, ou seja, os estudos linguísticos e literários, além de expressivos trabalhos em torno das transformações ocasionadas pela pandemia, discutindo as relações e impactos desta sobre o ensino-aprendizagem de línguas, maternas ou estrangeiras.
PUMP AND DOWN IN JIWASRAYA INVESTATION AND THE ABSENCE OF ISLAMIC ECONOMY LAW PRINCIPLES
Authors: Berutu Ali Geno
Published: January 2021

The case of PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Persero) investment once became public attention. Not only does it harm its customers, the country also must bear the company’s loss. This loss is caused by the investment practice into low-quality stocks. The company neglected the good investment principles and prioritized more on the personal interest. This article aims to describe and define the pump and down phenomena in the investment of PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya. To top it off, the article analyzes the pump and down phenomena based on the Islamic economy law principles. This is a doctrinal legal research with case study approach. The results show that pump and down is a transaction activity of an effect in manipulative way. This model is characterized by rising price (uptrend) because of a series of stock purchase transaction in a fairly big amount so the rising reaches the highest price level, then the reduced price is too significant. They aim at gaining big profit so they can re-purchase the stock in a cheaper price. This pump and down phenomena in PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya investment case is not in line with the Islamic law principles. The investment model in this schema contains several elements i.e. maisīr, najasy, gharar, ghisysy, ihktikar, and tadlīs.Kasus investasi PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya (Persero) sempat menjadi sorotan publik. Selain merugikan nasabah, negara juga harus menanggung kerugian perusahaan. Kerugian ini muncul akibat praktik investasi pada saham kualitas rendah. Perusahaan disinyalir mengabaikan prinsip-prinsip investasi yang baik dan lebih mengedepankan kepentingan pribadi. Artikel ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan fenomena pump and down dalam investasi PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya. Artikel ini juga bertujuan mesdeskripsikan pump and down dalam kasus Jiwasraya. Artikel ini juga menganalisis fenomena pump and down tersebut berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip hukum ekonomi syariah. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian hukum doctrinal dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Pump and Dump merupakan aktivitas transaksi suatu Efek secara manipulative. Model transaksi ditandai dengan naiknya harga (uptrend) karena adanya serangkaian transaksi pembelian saham dalam jumlah yang cukup banyak sehingga harga naik mencapai level harga tertinggi. Kemudian penurunan harga yang sangat signifikan. Tujuannya untuk meraih keuntungan yang besar dan bisa membeli kembali saham tersebut dengan harga murah. Fenomena pump and down dalam kasus investasi PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya tidak sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam. Model investasi dengan skema ini mengandung unsur maisīr, najasy, gharar, ghisysy, ihktikar, dan tadlīs.
CONVERTION OF DSN-MUI’S FATWA ON ISLAMIC BANKING TO BE THE NATIONAL LAW: A Comparative Study in Muslim Countries
Authors: Syahputra Angga , Armayani Reni Ria
Published: January 2021

Islamic banks in Indonesia have been significantly developing since 2008. This development has yet been supported by operational regulations. Islamic Banks operational mostly refers to fatwa of DSN-MUI. However, those fatwas must be converted to the regulations of Bank Indonesia or Financial Services Authority (OJK) to have binding power. This article aims at describing DSN-MUI’s fatwa position as the fundamental law of Islamic Banking implementation. Besides, this article compares the position of ulama’s fatwa in implementing Islamic Bank in several Muslim countries. The article is originated from Doctrinal Legal research with conceptual and comparative approaches. The result shows that DSN-MUI;s fatwa position in implementing Islamic Banks is not yet operational because it must be first converted into the regulations of Bank Indonesia or OJK. Different condition found in other Muslim countries, ulama’s fatwa becomes the main reference for implementing Islamic Banks. This is because the country places ulama’s fatwa higher than banking authoritative.Perbankan syariah di Indonesia terus mengalami kemajuan signifikan sejak tahun 2008. Perkembangan ini belum didukung dengan aturan-aturan yang bersifa operasional. Operasional perbankan syariah lebih banyak merujuk pada fatwa DSN-MUI. Namun, fatwa-fatwa tersebut harus dikonversi terlebih dahulu kepada peraturan bank Indonesia atau Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan agar memiliki daya ikat. Artikel ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kedudukan fatwa DSN-MUI sebagai dasar hukum pelasanaan perbankan syariah. Selain itu, artikel ini membandingkan kedudukan fatwa ulama dalam pelaksanaan perbankan syariah di beberapa negara muslim. Artikel ini berasal dari penelitian hukum doctrinal dengan pendekatan konsep dan komparatif. Hasil kajian artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa kedudukan fatwa DSN-MUI dalam pelaksanaan perbankan syariah belum bersifat operasional. Karena Fatwa DSN-MUI harus dikonversi dalam bentuk Peraturan Bank Indonesia atau Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Kondisi berbeda ditemukan di negara-negara muslim, kedudukan fatwa ulama menjadi rujukan utama pelaksanaan perbankan syariah. Hal ini terjadi karena negara memposisikan fatwa ulama lebih tinggi dari otoritas perbankan.
Disability at the Crossroads: Asserting Rights and Empowerment in an Unequal World
Authors: Bruce Alan
Published: January 2021

The concept of social justice has a lengthy history in terms of its development, understanding, and application to human relationships. It connects to parallel concerns around equal opportunity, equity, and recognition. Social justice has also been contested insofar as powerful vested interests have either denied its relevance or actively resisted its demands. In this article, social justice is placed in a global framework where different issues at different times are connected by common concerns and a shared humanity. One of the central questions informing emerging dimensions of service provision in international contexts is how we work with needs of specific communities to create a new matrix of opportunities for inclusion, mutual benefit, and intercultural encounter. Over the past three decades, processes involved in globalization have come to not only shape but determine that matrix in evermore significant ways. The globalization process is also at the core of labor market change in all countries. This has specific implications for learning specialists and rehabilitation educators in terms of their professional training, understanding of best practice, and standards in approaching the diversity emerging within many communities shaped by globalizing imperatives. The powerful resonance of exclusion linked to the experience of disability impacts many social approaches and policies, not least of which is access to the labor market. For those with disabilities, particularly in the context of the significant advances made by the Independent Living movement and the parallel focus on civil rights, these traditional models of work have been seen as problematic.