bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALiSR
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Patel R. B.
Published: June 2010

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) represents a system of wireless mobile nodes having random mobility and self-organization into an arbitrary and temporary network, allowing people and devices to seamlessly interact without preexisting communication infrastructure. The lifetime of a MANET depends on the durability of the battery resources of the mobile hosts. Earlier, several routing protocols have been proposed specifically for MANET, but most have not focused on the limitations of battery resources. The failure of these resources severely impacts a communications system during natural disasters and in crucial communication environments. This paper proposes a Mobile Agent (MA) based link stability aware energy efficient routing protocol that can increase the lifetime of the mobile hosts. A new link cost metric (LCM) is defined that is used during routing decisions. LCM is a measure of node and path stability. Simulation results indicate that this new link stability aware energy efficient protocol can extend the lifetime of a MANET and can be used in various mission critical applications.
Transformative Learning in an Online Environment
Authors: Cranton Patricia
Published: June 2010

The purpose of this article is to explore the potential for fostering transformative learning in an online environment. It provides an overview of transformative learning theory, including the variety of perspectives on the theory that have evolved as the theory matured. Strategies and practices for fostering transformative learning are presented, followed by a description of the online environment and how strategies for encouraging transformative learning might be carried into that environment. Students’ voices are brought in to corroborate and to question the importance of these strategies. The article concludes with a discussion of how an educator’s style and strengths can be brought into online teaching, especially with a view to helping learners examine their meaning perspectives.
Technology as Integral to a New Paradigm of Adult Education
Authors: Parker Judith
Published: June 2010

Technology and adult education are often discussed as two separate subjects, yet just as it is impossible to live one day without the impact of technology, it is impossible to discuss adult education without considering technology. The growth of the field of adult education and the evolution of modern technology as well as the theorists and practitioners who were instrumental in moving the fields will be considered in this article as the foundation for a paradigm shift in adult education. Since effective adult education involves not only information dissemination but communication and collaboration among its participants, online learning activities and entire online courses influence how the field itself is viewed. This new paradigm will be explored in the current and future world of adult teaching and learning.
The Relationship between Job Training and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Schmidt Steven W.
Published: June 2010

As stand-alone concepts, job satisfaction and job training have each been researched extensively. However, encouraged by researchers who have found a myriad of effects of job training on employee behavior in the workplace, the concepts of job training and job satisfaction are being examined together. Results of many studies indicate that the effects of job training go beyond those that might be considered traditional, that is, the acquisition of knowledge, the improvement of skill, and the increasing of efficiency in the workplace. This review of literature looks at the relationship between job training and job satisfaction, and also examines the concept of job training satisfaction. It has been found that the research on the relationship between these two concepts can be categorized as follows: job training satisfaction as a measured construct, workplace and employee studies, training methodology studies, perception and meaning, and additional outcomes. Training and development practitioners must be aware of the relationship between job training and job satisfaction when planning and promoting workplace training programs.
Data Mining for Health Care Professionals
Authors: Olinsky Alan , Schumacher Phyllis A.
Published: June 2010

In this paper, the authors discuss a data mining course that was offered for a cohort of health care professionals employed by a hospital consortium as an elective in a synchronous online MBA program. The students learned to use data mining to analyze data on two platforms, Enterprise Miner, SAS (2008) and XLMiner (an EXCEL add-in). The final assignment for the semester was for the students to analyze a data set from their place of employment. This paper describes the projects and resulting benefits to the companies for which the students worked.
A Measurement Framework of Mobile Service Adoption
Authors: Verkasalo Hannu
Published: June 2010

This paper discusses conceptual definitions of mobile service users. These concepts reflect the domains of end-users having an intention to use the service or using the service in practice. This study also defines metrics that measure the adoption of mobile services. In addition, the paper investigates the estimation of costs due to mobile service adoption gaps. The paper demonstrates the use of the invented metrics with a data set collected from a sample of Finnish early-adopter smartphone users in 2007. Based on this data set, a ranking of mobile services is presented based on adoption-related success factors. In addition, the potential loss of perceived end-user value, that is due to adoption gaps, is estimated. The notable conclusion is that though most new mobile services experience significant adoption gaps, the value loss is only 10% in the long-term and 3% in the short-term, relative to the use of existing services.
Atomicity and Semantic Normalization
Authors: Carver Andy , Halpin Terry
Published: June 2010

This paper contrasts two different approaches to designing relational databases that are free of redundancy. The Object-Role Modeling (ORM) approach captures semantics in terms of atomic (elementary or existential) fact types, before grouping the fact types into relation schemes. Normalization by decomposition instead focuses on “non0loss decomposition” to various, and progressively more refined, “normal forms”. Traditionally, non0loss decomposition of a relation requires decomposition into smaller relations that, upon natural join, yield the exact original population. Non-loss decomposition of a table scheme (or relation variable) requires that the decomposition of all possible populations of the relation scheme is reversible in this way. This paper shows that the dependency requirement for “all possible populations” is too restrictive for definitions of multi-valued and join dependencies over relation schemes. By exploiting ORM modeling heuristics, the authors offer new definitions of these data dependencies and non-loss decomposition, to enable these concepts to be addressed at a truly semantic level.
Exploring the Role of IS in Dynamic Capabilities
Authors: Duhan Stephen , Levy Margi , Powell Philip
Published: June 2010

Resource-based theory suggests that firms develop idiosyncratic capabilities that contribute to sustainable competitive advantage when they are valuable, rare, inimitable and non-substitutable. The successful use of information systems (IS) and information technology (IT) has been linked to improved firm performance. Recent literature suggests that a deeper understanding of what capability means in practice may be gained from a disaggregation into component competences and resources. A better understanding of the role of IS/IT in business level capability may be achieved through a fuller articulation, both of the capability itself, and the contribution of IS/IT, together with an evaluation of the effectiveness in delivering sustainable competitive advantage. A dynamic capabilities perspective explains the way firms adapt capabilities to changing market environments over time. This paper explores these propositions through an exploratory case study using a framework derived from a resource-based and systemic view of the firm. The analysis suggests a dynamic Capability Development Model through which the implications and potential for IS and IT over time may be understood. The paper addresses three issues. First, it offers a better articulation of what capability concepts mean in practice. Second, it takes a disaggregated understanding of capabilities, and third, it sheds light on the dynamics of capabilities.
An Approach to Deploying SOA in Technological Information Integration
Authors: Zhao Zhuofeng , Fu Haifang , Fang Jun
Published: June 2010

The growing need for the integrated usage of information from different sources has led to the requirement for information integration. This paper proposes a business-oriented SOA deployment approach, which is derived from a real world project, for the agencies of technology to provide value-added services through integrating the existing information resources. In the approach, information services, which are supposed to be identified in accordance with information category standard, are created and used in a resource-centric way, and the concept of business service is brought out for domain users to ease the usage of information services by modeling business context and IT information coherently. Based on business services, a domain-specific service mash-up language is provided to “program” information integration applications, and the corresponding run-time support is built to parse the applications and execute business services in mediation-style architecture. The system implementation and the application of our approach are also given.
Exploration of Adoption of Service Innovations through Technology Road-Mapping
Authors: Daim Tugrul U. , Harmon Robert R. , Demirkan Haluk
Published: June 2010

This paper utilizes a technology road-mapping approach to demonstrate how a traditional technology management process can be applied to improve planning practices for technology-driven service innovations. With location based services (LBS) as the focus, the paper explores business, market, product and services drivers in developing the technology roadmap. Thus, the study demonstrates that technology management theory and processes from the product domain may be usefully applied to the management of technology-driven service innovations. The case study analysis identified service drivers including security, privacy and mobility as important factors for LBS success. Potentially disruptive service innovations resulting from the convergence of the computer and wireless industries are explored.
Correlation between Full-Field Measurements and Numerical Simulation Results for Multiple Delamination Composite Specimens in Bending
Authors: Devivier C. , Thompson Daniel , Pierron Fabrice , Wisnom M.R.
Published: June 2010

This paper studies the effect of delaminations on strain maps for a simple cantilever beam. The aim is to build an experimental set-up which allows detecting very slight modifications in the strain maps. The case studied is a single delamination on the mid-plane. The measurement method is the deflectometry technique which enables direct slope measurements on a reflective specimen. The comparison with finite element models clearly indicated that the surface strains bear the information of the extent of the delamination. The second step is to use these surface strains to identify a stiffness reduction map for real impact damages.
Effect of Loading Rate on the Fracture Behaviour of High-Strength Concrete
Authors: Ruiz Gonzalo , Zhang X.X. , Yu R.C. , Poveda E. , Porras R. , del Viso J.
Published: June 2010

This research deals with the sensitivity of eight types of performance-designed high-strength concrete to the loading rate. Variations in the composition of the concrete produce the desired performance, for instance having null shrinkage or being able to be pumped at elevated heights without segregation, but they also produce variations in the fracture properties that are reported in this paper. We performed tests at five loading rates spanning six orders of magnitude in the displacement rate, from 1.74  10-5 mm/s to 17.4 mm/s. Load-displacement curves show that their peak is higher as the displacement rate increases, whereas the corresponding displacement is almost constant. Fracture energy also increases, but only for loading rates higher than 0.01 mm/s. We use a formula based on a cohesive law with a viscous term to study the results. The correlation of the formula to the experimental results is good and it allows us to obtain the theoretical value for the fracture energy under strictly static conditions. In addition, both the fracture energy and the characteristic length of the concretes used in the study diminish as the compressive strength of their aggregates increases.
Validation of Acoustic Emission (AE) Crack Detection in Aerospace Grade Steel Using Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Pullin Rhys , Eaton Mark J. , Hensman James J. , Holford Karen M. , Worden Keith , Evans S.L.
Published: June 2010

Acoustic Emission (AE) is a passive form of non-destructive testing that relies on the detection and analysis of stress waves released during crack propagation. AE techniques are successfully employed number of industries there remains some scepticism in aerospace engineering.
The reported investigation details a single four point bend test specimen undergoing fatigue loading. This test is part of a much larger programme designed to demonstrate a technology readiness level (TRL) of five of the use of AE to detect crack initiation and growth in landing gear structures.
The completed test required that crack growth had to be monitored to allow a comparison with the detected and located AE signals. The method of crack monitoring had to be non-contact so as not to produce frictional sources of AE in the crack region, preventing the use of crack mouth opening displacement gauges. Furthermore adhesives on the specimen surface had to be avoided to eliminate the possibility that the detected AE was from adhesive cracking, thus the use of strain gauges or foil crack gauges was not possible.
A method using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) to monitor crack growth was investigated. The test was stopped during fatigue loading at 1000 cycle intervals and a DIC image captured at peak load. The displacement due to crack growth was observed throughout the investigation and the results compared with the detected AE signals.
Results showed a clear correlation between AE and crack growth and added further evidence of TRL5 for detecting fractures in landing gears using AE.
A SEM-Based Study of Structural Impact Damage
Authors: Sultan M.T.H. , Hodzic Alma , Staszewski W.J. , Worden Keith
Published: June 2010

The ultimate objective of the current programme of work is to detect and quantify low-velocity impact damage in structures made from composite materials. There are many situations in the use of composites where an impact does not result in perforation of the material but causes damage that may not be visible, yet still causes a substantial reduction in structural properties. Impacts that do not cause perforation are usually termed low-velocity. When a composite structure undergoes such impacts, it is important to know the type and level of damage and assess the residual strength. In this study, following a systematic series of experiments on the induction of impact damage in composite specimens, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to inspect the topographies of the specimens at high magnification. Matrix cracking, fibre fracture, fibre pullout and delamination were the types of damage observed in the composite laminates after the low-velocity impacts. The study also conducted a (very) preliminary correlation between the damage modes and the impact energy.
Aspects of Uncertainty Analysis for Large Nonlinear Computational Models
Authors: Worden Keith , Becker W.E. , Battipede Manuela , Surace Cecilia
Published: June 2010

This paper concerns the analysis of how uncertainty propagates through large computational models like finite element models. If a model is expensive to run, a Monte Carlo approach based on sampling over the possible model inputs will not be feasible, because the large number of model runs will be prohibitively expensive. Fortunately, an alternative to Monte Carlo is available in the form of the established Bayesian algorithm discussed here; this algorithm can provide information about uncertainty with many less model runs than Monte Carlo requires. The algorithm also provides information regarding sensitivity to the inputs i.e. the extent to which input uncertainties are responsible for output uncertainty. After describing the basic principles of the Bayesian approach, it is illustrated via two case studies: the first concerns a finite element model of a human heart valve and the second, an airship model incorporating fluid structure interaction.
Evaluation of the Impact of Residual Stresses in Crack Initiation with the Application of the Crack Compliance Method Part II, Experimental Analysis
Authors: Urriolagoitia-Sosa G. , Romero-Ángeles B. , Hernández-Gómez Luis Héctor , Urriolagoitia-Calderón G. , Beltrán-Fernández Juan Alfonso , Torres-Torres C.
Published: June 2010

The present work is based on a previous numerical simulation used for the introduction of a residual stress field in a modified compact tensile specimen. The main objective in that paper was to evaluate the effect that previous history has in crack initiation and to establish the new loading conditions needed to propagate a fracture. The experimental analysis presented in this paper was performed to compare and validate the numerical procedure. Several modified compact tensile specimens from a biocompatible material (AISI 316L) were manufactured to estimate the beneficial effect of a residual stress field. The specimens were separated in four batches; an initial group of uncracked specimens was used to establish an evaluation of the induction of a residual stress field produced by an overload; the remaining specimens were separated into three groups where a crack was introduced in each specimen (1 mm, 5 mm and 10 mm respectively) and the residual stress field caused by the application of an overload was determined. The assessment of all the residual stress fields introduced into the specimens was done by the application of the crack compliance method (CCM). The results obtained have provided useful information on the correlation between the numerical and experimental procedures. Furthermore, data concerning the understanding of diverse factors related to crack initiation are discussed in this paper. Finally, the beneficial aspects of the residual stresses are discussed.
Mapping Residual Stress Profiles at the Micron Scale Using FIB Micro-Hole Drilling
Authors: Winiarski B. , Withers Philip J.
Published: June 2010

Measuring residual stress at the sub-micron scale imposes experimental challenges. We propose a new technique, namely the incremental micro-hole-drilling method (IµHM), for measurement of residual stress profiles as a function of depth with high spatial definition. Like its macroscale counterpart, it is applicable to either crystalline or amorphous materials, but at the sub-micron scale. Our method involves micro-hole milling using the focused ion beam of a dual beam FEGSEM/FIB microscope. The surface displacements are tracked by digital image correlation of SEM images recorded during milling. The displacement fields mapped around the whole are used to reconstruct the variation of the in-plane stress tensor as a function of depth. In this way the multi-axial state of residual stress has been characterised around drilled holes of 2 microns or so, enabling the profiling of the stress variation at the sub-micron scale to a depth of 2 microns. Here we demonstrate the efficacy of this method by measuring the stresses in a surface-severe-plastically-deformed (S2PD) Zr50Cu40Al10 bulk metallic glass (in atomic percent, at.%) sample after failure under four-point-bending-fatigue.
The Dynamic Buckling of Stiffened Panels –A Study Using High Speed Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Featherston C.A. , Mortimer J. , Eaton Mark J. , Burguete Richard L. , Johns Rhiannon
Published: June 2010

For a structure subjected to an intermediate velocity impact in which the duration of loading is in the order of milliseconds and in excess of the period of it’s first free vibration mode there is a relationship between impact duration and buckling load. Although this relationship results in higher buckling loads for shorter duration impacts, the precise nature of the correlation depends on a number of other factors, one of which is geometry. Since the design of many lightweight structures subject to dynamic loading in this intermediate range is based on the use of a static buckling load to which a load factor is then applied, it is essential that this factor accurately represents the relationship between the two and takes of account of any variations. Failure to do so will at least result in an over designed structure and at worst in catastrophic failure. A series of finite element analyses (FEA) have been performed in order to determine the relationship between dynamic and static buckling loads for a range of stiffened panels with differing radii of curvature. This paper describes preliminary tests performed to determine the feasibility of using high speed digital image correlation (DIC) to study such an impact and hence provide validation of the earlier FEA analyses. These are performed on a longitudinally stiffened panel subject to uniaxial compression, clamped within a rig designed to provide built-in end conditions and allow motion of one end in the direction of loading only. The specimen is tested using an accelerated drop test rig. Impact load is monitored throughout using a load cell. Full field displacement contours are obtained using a high speed DIC system. Results are presented which demonstrate deflection contours during and after impact enabling the path of the shock wave through the specimens to be determined. An initial comparison is then made the FEA results.
What we Can Learn about Stick-Slip Dynamics
Authors: Di Liberto F. , Balzano E. , Serpico M. , Peruggi F.
Published: June 2010

Stick-Slip motion is the basis for the description of a great variety of phenomena characterized by the presence of sliding friction between bodies with elastic features. In this article a simple experimental equipment for the analysis of this kind of dynamics is described. A wide set of possible experimental observations and measures are presented. This equipment has been tested at the university of Napoli Federico II in courses for undergraduate students and in the teacher training school for secondary education.
Comparison of the Drop Weight Impact Performance of Sandwich Panels with Aluminium Honeycomb and Titanium Alloy Micro Lattice Cores
Authors: Hasan Rafidah , Mines Robert A.W. , Shen E. , Tsopanos S. , Cantwell Wesley J. , Brooks W. , Sutcliffe C.J.
Published: June 2010

This paper is a study of the drop weight impact behaviour of small sandwich panels of carbon epoxy skins with aluminium honeycomb and titanium alloy micro-lattice cores. A series of experimental tests have shown that the specific impactor penetration behaviours are similar for both cores. The reasons for this are a result of the detailed deformation and rupture behaviour of the two types of core. The deformation and rupture mechanisms of honeycomb and micro-lattice structures will be discussed in general terms, and these observations will be used to inform discussion of actual deformation and rupture in the panel tests. In this way, micro energy absorbing mechanisms will be related to panel performance, and conclusions on the way forward for improved penetration performance using other core materials and geometries will be identified.
Research for an Automatic Measurement System for Centroidal Deviation of Projectiles Based on Three Points Method
Authors: Yao Guo Nian , Wei Jun Hu , Sun Hao , Sun Guo Ji
Published: June 2010

In order to improve the measuring accuracy and efficiency of projectiles’ centroidal deviation, the working principle and the relevant calculation formulae based on three points method are described in detail, the main factors affecting precision are discussed and quantitative analysis on precision of the equipment is made. The measuring platform with automatic leveling and locating based on the arc locating and so on are put forward to reduce error. The experimental results show that the system can satisfy the requirement for measuring with high accuracy. The equipment plays a very important role in testing ordnance, especially for measuring regular projectiles.
A Meta-Heuristic with Ant Colony Approach to Complex System
Authors: Liu Zong Li , Cao Jie , Yuan Zhan Ting
Published: June 2010

This paper proposes a new approach to determining the complex system design for a product mix comprising complex hierarchies of subassembly and components. Pareto Ant Colony Optimisation as an especially effective meta-heuristic for solving the problem of complex system design was introduced in this paper. A Pareto Optimal Set of complex system in which only the non dominated solutions allow ants to deposit pheromones over the time and cost pheromone matrices after certain generation runs. Simulation results show that the model for complex system and the hybrid algorithms are effective to the design of complex system.
Automatic Generation of NC Programs for Cylinder-Type Parts
Authors: Cao Zhong Liang , Zhang Xu Tang , Yan Ya Xin , Chen Xiao Feng
Published: June 2010

A new machining feature model for cylinder-type parts is proposed. Through the use of the model in process planning, the NC program can be generated by modular approach. NC machining feature classification based process design method is a good solution to the integration of the traditional and NC processes. With the machining feature as unit, parametric programming technique is applied to the NC code generation which can improve the efficiency and quality of the NC program design. The proposed method has been practically demonstrated in the enterprise information system.
Dynamic Analysis and Active Vibration Control of Flexible Beams Using Piezoelectric Materials: an Optimal Approach
Authors: Amelian Shahab , Koofigar Hamid R.
Published: June 2010

Piezoelectric materials are used in various applications as active vibration control, fault detection in structures and piezoelectric accelerators, therefore, analysis of such materials seems to be necessary in modern mechanical constructions. In this paper, the dynamic analysis of the beam equipped with piezoelectric patches, used as both sensor and actuator, is presented and the beam deflection due to external inputs (force or voltage) is analyzed via modal analysis method. Then, constructing a model for the flexible beam, by the assumed mode approach, an active vibration control is developed by optimal positioning of piezoelectric patches. Simulation results are also presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the methods proposed for dynamic analysis and active vibration control.
Effects of Nanoscale Patterns on the Spectral Absorptance of Wafers
Authors: Wang Ai Hua , Cai Jiu Ju
Published: June 2010

This paper presents a parametric study of the radiative properties of patterned wafers with a polysilicon gate array on the Si substrate, considering the effect of wavelength and polarization. While the gate sizes are very small compared to wavelength, the results show rather unusual phenomena. The absorptance calculated by effective medium theory (EMT) is in agreement with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) in the cases with small gate and period sizes. With the increase of period and decrease of the ratio of the gate width to the pattern pitch, both EMT and FDTD results for TM mode approach to pure silicon since the grating effect diminishes. Besides, the TE absorptance curve separates from that of plain Si at the wavelength equals to the grating period, this is because the gate can interact with its neighboring region by diffraction and the diffraction effects are weak, when the wavelength is small. It also shows a slight increase in the gate height can drastically increase the absorptance and the increased gate height shifts the peak absorptance to longer wavelength. This work is of great importance for optimization of advanced annealing techniques in semiconductor manufacturing.
Design and Implement of Project Production Technique Preparation Cooperative Platform Based on Unified Modeling Language
Authors: Liu Xin Hua , Liu Xu Mei , Hou You Fu
Published: June 2010

In order to realize integration and cooperation of technique preparation process for project production, a unified modeling language (UML)-based approach for development of project production technique preparation cooperative platform is proposed. The business process of project production technique preparation is elaborated, and the interest of an UML-based approach for designing and implementing project production technique preparation cooperative platform is detailed. Finally, a prototype system is developed and the approach is proved feasible and efficient.
Preparation and Properties of Composite TiO2-HZSM-5 Used for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange
Authors: Zhang Wen Jie , Yu Yang
Published: June 2010

Photocatalytic activities of TiO2-HZSM-5 composite photocatalysts prepared by solid-state dispersion method were investigated. TiO2 particles were well distributed on the surface of HZSM-5. Methyl orange removal rates increased with decreasing TiO2:HZSM-5 ratio from 10:1 to 1:50 in TiO2-HZSM-5 composites. Adsorption of methyl orange increased constantly with increasing amount of HZSM-5. Photocatalytic degradation activity was also noticeably enhanced up to 56% when using TiO2-HZSM-5 composite, resulting in 13% more removal compared with using pure TiO2. Composite photocatalysts calcinated at temperatures from 400 oC to 600 oC exhibited enhanced methyl orange removal abilities, and the optimum calcination temperature was 450 oC. After 70 min of irradiation, methyl orange removal rates were 99.1% and 86.5% when TiO2 concentrations of TiO2-HZSM-5 composite were 40 mg/l and 20 mg/l, respectively.
Study on the Temperature Distribution of a Combined Plasma Arc Based on Spectral Diagnostics of Plasma
Authors: Meng Jian Bing , Dong Xiao Juan , Xu Wen Ji
Published: June 2010

The beam form has a direct effect on the quality and efficiency of flexible forming using a combined plasma arc. But it is difficult to directly measure relative parameters of combined plasma arc for its characteristics of high temperature and high energy density. In this paper, an image collection system was designed with a lens, a neutral filter, an interference filter and a CCD camera. And then, the acquired digital image of diagnostic face of plasma arc was implemented pre-processing such as removing noises, edge extraction, histogram equalization, contrast enhancement, enhancing morphological features. Furthermore, based on spectral diagnostics of plasma arc, the effects of working current, gas flow and the distance from the nozzle outlet to the anode on temperature distribution of combined plasma arc were also investigated. The results show that the temperature of combined plasma arc is much dependent on the working current, while is less sensitive to the argon flow rate and the distance from the nozzle outlet to the workpiece anode.
A Study on E-Government Applications Model Construction Based on Government Customer Relationship Management
Authors: Hu Xin Li , Ma Lian Jie
Published: June 2010

This paper tries to find the ways to improve the service quality which government supply for business and public and improve service satisfaction. In order to find the methods, the paper firstly introduce the conception of Government Customer Relationship Management, then analysis the relationship of Customer Relationship Management and Government Customer Relationship Management, build e-government application model of Government Customer Relationship Management, propose the ways of e-government application of Government Customer Relationship Management, through establish the service concept of “citizen-centered", innovation and integration of communication and service channels, we can improve the relations of customer and government, improve the public satisfaction.
Experimental Study on Bionic Surface Based on the Compound Eye of Ant
Authors: Zhang Dian Wu , Wang Yu Xing , Tang Yan Qin , Zeng Wen
Published: June 2010

To study the resistance-reducing effect of bionic surface on cone of screw pile for preventing flood and rushing to deal with an emergency, a number of bionic surface plates were designed based on the unsmoothed surface morphology of compound eye of ant, a typical soil animal. By using of scanning electron microscopy technology, it was found that the compound eye of ant was made of a lot of small convex eyes. These small convex eyes were arranged in dense style. On the surface of compound eye of ant, there were waveform characteristics. The cross section of compound eye was waveform curve which had continuous periods and amplitudes. Based on these characteristics, experiments of trolley were designed, including an orthogonal experiment for bionic surface plate and the contrast between bionic surface plate and smoothed plate. The results of trolley experiments showed that within the experimental factors and levels, the vertical loads on bionic surface plate and convex diameter produced greater effect of resistance-reducing.
Relative Design Cost Estimation at Design Stage Based on Design Features
Authors: Chen Xiao Chuan , Lai Xiao Xia , Gershenson John. K.
Published: June 2010

With the global financial crisis happened, companies and investors pay more attention to development expense. Development costs mainly include design cost at the design stage. We analyze the design process and extract many design factors in order to estimate design cost at the conceptual and embodiment design stage. A number of process-based design features that impact the design cost are considered. These design factors include: 1) the number of performances and constraints, 2) sub-functions level and relationships, and 3) solutions at the conceptual design stage. At the embodiment of the design stage the design factors include: 1) the number of parts and their relationships, 2) the types of materials, 3) load resources, and 4) the number and types of tolerances. We use relative cost to estimate design cost by comparing the number of design factors among designs. To demonstrate the relative design cost estimation in practice, Kodak single-use cameras are used as example products. Use of these methods proves beneficial in estimate design cost in the design process.
Optimization of Process Parameters in Lead-Free Wave Soldering Based on Orthogonal Experiment and Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Yin Feng Fu , Zhang Xi Hua , Wang Hai Long , Yu Sui Ran
Published: June 2010

In order to solve the typical soldering defects in lead-free wave soldering, the Design of Experiment(DOE) was conducted to optimize the process parameters. Based on the printed circuit board(PCB) experimental results, the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) was employed to analyze the experiment results quantitatively. Then the influential weights of each factor in different levels were obtained. It is concluded that the influential sequences of the four main process parameters in lead-free wave soldering are track speed, flux quantity, soldering temperature and preheat temperature; the optimal process parameters are as follows: flux quantity 40mL•min-1, preheat temperature 110°C, track speed 1.6m•min-1, soldering temperature 265°C. Furthermore, the reasons of solder bridging and missing weld defects were discussed systematically according to the analysis results. This paper reveals the key direction to optimize the process parameters and provides an effective measure to improve the soldering quality in lead-free wave soldering.
An Improved Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Job Shop Problem
Authors: Yao Bao Zhen , Yang Cheng Yong , Hu Juan Juan , Yin Guo Dong , Yu Bo
Published: June 2010

Job shop scheduling problem (JSP) plays a significant role for production management and combinatorial optimization. An improved artificial bee colony (IABC) algorithm with mutation operation is presented to solve JSP in this paper. The results for some benchmark problems reveal that IABC is effective and efficient compared to those of other approaches. IABC seems to be a powerful tool for optimizing job shop scheduling problem.
A Fault Diagnosis Method of Rolling Bearing through Wear Particle and Vibration Analyses
Authors: Huang Zhong Yu , Yu Zhi Qiang , Li Zhi Xiong , Geng Yuan Cheng
Published: June 2010

Wear particle and vibration analysis are the two main condition monitoring techniques for machinery maintenance and fault diagnosis in industry. Due to the complex nature of machinery, these two techniques can only diagnose about 30% to 40% of faults when used independently. Therefore, it is critical to integrate vibration analysis and wear particle analysis to provide a more effective maintenance program. This paper presents a new fault diagnosis approach of rolling bearings via the combination of vibration analysis and wear particle analysis. Both the tribological and vibrant information of the rolling bearings with typical faults were collected by an experimental test rig. Wear particle analysis was applied to the oil samples to obtain the wear particle number and size distribution, the particle texture and the chemical compositions, etc. Vibration analysis was used to get the time and frequency characteristics of the vibration data. Then, an intelligent data fusion method based on the genetic algorithm based fuzzy neural network was employed to identify the rolling bearing conditions. The analysis results suggest that the proposed method is more feasible and effective for the rolling bearing fault diagnosis than separated use of the two techniques with respect to the classification rate, and thus has application importance.
Game Strategy in Multi-User Shared Virtual Environment Based on Internet
Authors: Yu Hai Dong , Zhang Bo Tao , Wang Yan Chun
Published: June 2010

This paper proposed a new interests game model with dynamic correlation analysis in distributed virtual environment based on mechanism design theory. The game definitions in correlation network and interest matrix were given and an analysis approach to find out the interest focus of virtual agents and administrator was presented. Thus a prototype virtual environment game system was implemented to demonstrate the effects of our approach in optimizing the visual rendering process and highlighting the collaborative perception according to payoffs under imperfect information condition.
Application Research on New BOM Model and Algorithm Base on Path Correlation
Authors: Liu Zhi Feng , Qin De Lin , Yang Wen Tong , Hou Tao , Cai Li Gang
Published: June 2010

This paper summarizes and analyzes several construction methods of a list of common materials, proposes a new type of path-based BOM construction methods, improve BOM arithmetic to achieve BOM traversal algorithm. The BOM structure and its traversal algorithm are applied to data management platform of heavy-duty machine tool, which improve the operational efficiency of data management platform.
Measurement on Fracture Roughness Values of the Cast Steel for Chinese Railway Rolling Wagon Bogie Frames
Authors: Shao Wen Dong , Zhao Yong Xiang
Published: June 2010

Measurement on fracture roughness values is investigated to the grade B cast steel for China railway rolling wagon bogie frames. Due to be limited by production bogie frame geometry, a ductile fracture roughness measuring method is employed for the present study. Experiments reveal that, when crack growth increments are very scattered, the code based measurement of 0.2 mm crack growth increment for gauge ductile fracture roughness may be not reasonable. And a measurement of 90 % maximum ductile fracture roughness should be suggested to be an appropriate measurement. The new suggested 90 % maximum fracture roughness measurement is verified to be effective for the fracture roughness values of the present material.
Determination of the Expansion Parameters for the Combined Welding and Expanding Connection of Tube-to-Tubesheet
Authors: Li Hui Fang , Qian Cai Fu , Wang Lan
Published: June 2010

In this paper, numerical simulation for hydraulic expanding connection of tube to tubesheet was performed. Residual contact preesure on the contact surface between tube and tubesheet as well as residual expansion stress in the tubesheet were investigated. It is seen the distribution of residual contact pressure is not uniform. Instead, near the two tubesheet surfaces, there are two tightness bands on which the residual contact pressure is high. Based on the fact that residual expansion stress could be a driving force for the tubesheet cracking, it is suggested that the expansion pressure should not be too large but enough to completely form the tightness bands on the contact surface. With this criterion, expansion pressures for typical tube materals and size are given.
Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of 16mnr Steel with Effect of Stress Ratio
Authors: Yin Dong Hui , Wang Xiao Gui , Qiu Bao Xiang , Gao Zeng Liang
Published: June 2010

Fatigue crack growth was simulated by using a newly developed unified model on the fatigue initiation and crack growth based on an incremental multiaxial fatigue criterion. The cyclic elastic-plastic stress-strain field was analyzed using the general-purpose finite element software (ABAQUS) with the implementation of a robust cyclic plasticity theory. The fatigue crack growth rates with respect to three different stress ratios were selected as the benchmark to check the unified model. The predicted results agreed with the experimental data very well. The insensitivity of the crack growth rate to the stress ratio is due to the fast mean stress relaxation.
Review of Multiaxial Fatigue Life Prediction Technology under Complex Loading
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Wu Zhen , Sui Tian Zhong
Published: June 2010

The research on multiaxial fatigue life prediction methods is reviewed in the present paper from two aspects of experiment and theory. It is pointed out that the reasonable methods of the critical plane determining, multiaxial cycle counting and multiaxial fatigue damage parameter fixing are necessary if the fatigue life prediction models established under the multiaxial constant amplitude loading were applied to the life prediction of the complex multiaxial load. The shortcomings of existing researches are discussed. In the aspect of experiment, it is devoid of the multiaxial fatigue test that the loading components acted with different frequencies, and in the aspect of theory, the additional hardening effect of the multiaxial out-of-frequency loading is not considered. Both in the theoretical research and practical engineering applications, the problem of the out-of-frequency multiaxial loading is a pressing issue.
Effect of Type-II and Type-III PMs on Operational Reliability of Buses
Authors: Jiang R. , Zhang Guo Feng
Published: June 2010

This paper deals with modeling the operational reliability of a bus fleet. The operational reliability is represented by the rate of occurrence of minor failures. A power-law failure point process model with the cumulative numbers of type-II and type-III preventive maintenance (PM) as covariates is fitted to a set of real-world data. We evaluate the effect of these two types of PM on minor failures of buses using the fitted model. This provides a method to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of a kind of PM actions.
Reliability Modeling for Symmetric Structure Systems Based on Copulas
Authors: Zhou Jin Yu , Sun Kui Zhou , Li Xiu Lian
Published: June 2010

As a new tool of statistical analysis, Copula is introduced to build reliability model for structural system consisting of identical components, by which the complex feature of failure dependence can be depicted. Aiming at symmetric structure systems, typical failure-dependence mechanism of components is discussed firstly. Considering the failure-dependence mechanism, modeling steps based on Gauss Copula and Archimedean Copulas are put forward, in which the twin stress, components strength are chosen as the basic variables and the safety margins are chosen as the analytic variables. Compared with Gauss Copula, Archimedean Copulas have powerful capability of describing the failure-dependence mechanism owing to the adjustable parameters can be determined according to the rank correlation coefficient and the information about the critical failure point. Archimedean Copula-based reliability models are applicable to non-normal situations. A numerical example is given to show that the new method is reasonable and feasible. Copula-based reliability models can give a new path for reliability analysis of complex systems with failure-dependence.
Prediction of Hardenability of Gear Steel Using Stepwise Polynomial Regression and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Gao Xiu Hua , Deng Tian Yong , Wang Hao Ran , Qiu Chun Lin , Qi Ke Min , Zhou Ping
Published: June 2010

The prediction of the hardenability of gear steel has been carried using stepwise polynomial regression and artificial neural networks (ANN). The software was programmed to quantitatively predict the hardenability of gear steel by its chemical composition using two calculating models respectively. The prediction results using artificial neural networks have more precise than the stepwise polynomial regression model. The predicted values of the ANN coincide well with the actual data. So an important foundation has been laid for prediction and controlling the production of gear steel.
Bearing Parameter Optimization of a Compressor Rotor System Based on Orthogonal Experimental Design
Authors: Ma Hui , Teng Yun Nan , Dai Ji Shuang , Wen Bang Chun
Published: June 2010

A Low-pressure cylinder rotor of certain large centrifugal compressor units was studied by combing orthogonal experiments and finite element method. The effect of bearing parameters (length-diameter ratio, clearance ratio, dynamic viscosity of lubricating oil and preload) to bearing-rotor system stability and journal vibration was evaluated and optimum bearing parameters were determined. The significant and non-significant factors influencing on system stability and journal vibration were determined by variance analysis and F test. These conclusions will provide guidance to compressor rotor system design.
Automobile Modeling Evaluations Based on Electrophysiology
Authors: Wang Hong , Wang Jian , Zhang Ning Ning , Sun Guang Bin , Huang Hai Long , Zhao Hai Bin
Published: June 2010

Electroencephalogram (EEG) and event-related potential (ERP) were conducted, in order to research brain functions associated with the effect of design for car models. The results demonstrated enhanced alpha and beta power of EEG by looking at the favorite car model. The ERP powers were strongly blocked (reduced) by looking at the un-favorite car model. EEG/ERP could be the electrophysiological index for automobile modeling evaluations.
The Effects of One Sided Gold Finish on the Reliability of Electrical Contacts under Fretting Conditions
Authors: Lv Yang , Zhou Yi Lin , Kong Wei
Published: June 2010

The electric contact is one of the most primary elements to affect the reliability of the electric systems. Gold finish can maintain high contact reliability but increase the manufacture cost. In this paper, the effects of one sided gold plated contacts with various thickness of gold finish on the contact reliability were investigated. The failure mechanism of the one sided gold plated contacts under fretting conditions was analyzed. The contact life and the optimum thickness of the one sided gold finish under fretting conditions was achieved and compared. The effect of the curvature of the probes on the contact life was also discussed.