bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of polar coded cooperation with incremental redundancy for IoT in fading channels
Authors: Liang Hao , Liu Aijun , Dai Jincheng , Liu Jie , Gong Chao
Published: January 2021

In this study, a coded cooperation scheme using polar codes is explored for high‐reliability and low‐user complexity applications such as Internet of Things. Firstly, the cooperation way among the users is carefully designed based on systematic polar codes and cooperative decoding, without decode‐and‐forward protocol at the cooperative user. Meanwhile repetition aided code construction and decoding algorithm of polar code is proposed for the non‐cooperative case in terms of imperfect inter‐user channel. Performance analysis and numerical simulation demonstrate the bit‐error‐rate advantages of proposed polar coded cooperation in fading channels, compared to the no‐cooperation case and normal coded cooperation schemes. Furthermore, overall rate of proposed polar‐coded cooperation is considered to optimize adaptively to increase throughput efficiency.
A distributed network‐based economic model predictive control for networked smart energy systems considering communication network constraints
Authors: Nazmadini Alireza , Khajeh Zadeh Alimorad , Jafari Shahbaz Zadeh Mehdi
Published: January 2021

Generally, the modern networked energy systems are constructed from some coupled sub‐systems interconnected via their states and share their information through a communication network featuring time delays. This article suggests an efficient multi‐agent based cooperative‐distributed networked economic model predictive control scheme for energy consumption optimisation and reducing the cost of consumed electricity in network‐based smart energy systems considering communication network delays. In this regard, a buffer‐based moving horizon strategy with estimator is suggested to estimate the own states of every sub‐system and the coupled states, that is, the states in which their information exchange among sub‐systems and their values are not accessible due to communication time delays. Moreover, the boundedness of the estimation error as well as the stability of the closed‐loop system are established. The usability and proficiency of the suggested scheme are proved by applying the developed approach on two case studies.
Study of internal corrosion on the turning angles in steel pipes
Authors: Manapbayev Bauyrzhan , Alimbayev Bazartai , Amanbayev Erkegali , Kabdushev Arman , Moldamuratov Zhangazy
Published: January 2021

Corrosive damages can lead to accidents on pipelines in various industries. Therefore, the main objective of the work is to study the peculiarities of propagation of internal corrosion on turning angles in steel pipes. The paper substantiates the primary importance of the propagation of corrosion on turning angles in steel pipes. It has been identified that in curvilinear areas, the rate of corrosion propagation depends on the rate of fluid flow, on the number of ions, and also on the effect of centrifugal force. The authors studied the average rate of corrosion propagation on the turns in steel pipes. Thus, the results obtained showed that the location of steel pipes affect the rate of corrosion propagation inside the pipes.
Exploration and Effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. from Jember and Trenggalek, East Java, Indonesia Cacao Plantation as A Biological Control of Phytophthora palmivora
Authors: Sukorini Henik , Wirasdenty Aigahayunindy Feby , Dani Septia Erfan , Khewkhom Netnapis
Published: January 2021

Fruit rot disease is very damaging to cacao pods, which is caused by Phytoptora palmivora. The attack rate of P. palmivora varies. In Java, losses due to this disease reduce yields by 90 %. P. palmivora is a soil–borne pathogen. It is currently included in the Kingdom Chromista. Control with fungicides is not successful at this time, the alternatives is biologis control with Trichoderma sp. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which was arranged in factorial with two factors. The first factor was Trichoderma sp. the second factor was P. palmivora. All treatment combinations were repeated three times. Trichoderma sp. antagonist test to P. palmivora was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and then further tested using a 5 % BNJ. Trichoderma sp. origin from Jember and Trenggalek districts, East Java, Indonesia were able to act as antagonists against P. palmivora with the highest inhibitory of 78 %. In comparison, the lowest inhibitory was 70 % of isolates from Jember district, East java, Indoe. Characteristics of Trichoderma sp. The origin of Trenggalek Regency and Jember Regency, East Java, Indonesia in inhibiting the growth of P. palmivora has the same species, namely Trichoderma harzianum.
Fasciolosis Infection Level of Various Breed Cattle in Batu and Pujon District, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Zalizar Lili , Rahmawati Khusnul , Yaro Abubakar
Published: January 2021

Fasciolosis is a disease caused by Fasciola gigantica (Cobbold, 1855) or Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) that infected ruminants and caused liver damaged and loss of productivity. To control Fasciola disease in cattle, it is necessary to consider differences in the prevalence or number of cases in various cattle breed. This research was conducted in two slaughterhouses in Batu and Pujon District, Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia involving 50 livestock in each slaughterhouse, either beef or dairy cattle. Observation was done for 2 mo by performing liver necropsy, observing the presence of fibrosis and calcification of the bile duct, counting the number of worms and weighing the removed liver tissue. Result of this research the number of fasciolosis in Ongole and Limousin cattle (30.95 % and 35.94 %) was fewer compared to Simmental and Frisian Holstein (58.33 %). Average number of worms head–1 in each cattle breed; Limousin, Simmental, Ongole, and FH were (105, 49, 27 and 129) worms. Meanwhile, fibrosis score in each group were 1.48, 1.89, 1.33 and 1.75 respectively. It is suspected that differences in cattle breed had correlation with susceptibility towards infection. It is indicated that Limousin cattle are more tolerant against liver worm infection.
Kleinzelliges neuroendokrines Karzinom des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs: eine Übersichtsarbeit und Fallserie
Authors: Böhm Felix , Schuler Patrick J. , Döscher Johannes , Weissinger Stephanie E. , Benckendorff Julian , Greve Jens , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Theodoraki Marie-Nicole
Published: January 2021

Einleitung Kleinzellige neuroendokrine Karzinome (KNK) des Larynx sind eine seltene Tumorentität mit schlechter Prognose bei einer 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate nach Standardtherapie mit primärer Radiochemotherapie (pRCT) von 5 %.

Methoden Es erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche auf PubMed mit den Suchbegriffen „small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma“ und „head and neck“ sowie die Aufarbeitung von Patientenfällen aus unserer Klinik.

Ergebnisse Die Recherche ergab keine großen randomisierten kontrollierten Studien zur Standardtherapie. Bisherige Therapiestrategien basieren auf den Erfahrungen bei kleinzelligen Karzinomen der Lunge. 0,5 % aller KNK treten im Kopf-Hals-Bereich auf. In unserer Klinik wurden in 12 Jahren 9 KNK diagnostiziert, 2 davon mit laryngealer Manifestation. Wir berichten über einen 29-jährigen Patienten mit Erstdiagnose (ED) eines Larynx-KNK im Frühjahr 2018. Im Staging zeigten sich zervikale Lymphknotenmetastasen, eine Fernmetastasierung wurde ausgeschlossen. Es erfolgte eine pRCT mit Cisplatin/Etoposid mit darauffolgender Komplettremission. Im Re-Staging 6 Monate nach ED zeigten sich Metastasen-suspekte Lungenherde. Unter 6 Zyklen palliativer Systemtherapie mit Cyclophosphamid, Adriamycin und Vincristin kam es zu einer partiellen Remission. Nach 12 Monaten erfolgte bei Progress die Therapieumstellung auf den PD-1-Antikörper Nivolumab. Der Patient verstarb 22 Monate nach ED an einer tumorbedingten Massenblutung mit Verlegung der Atemwege.

Schlussfolgerung Bisher existieren keine Studienergebnisse über den Einsatz von Nivolumab als Third-Line-Therapie bei KNK. Die Analyse einer NTRK-Fusion (neurotrophe Tyrosin-Rezeptor-Kinase) oder einer Folatrezeptor-Expression sollte erwogen werden zur Evaluation einer Tropomyosin-Rezeptor-Kinase-Inhibitor- oder einer Radionuklidtherapie.
Efficacy and Safety of Tocilizumab for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hariyanto Timotius Ivan , Hardyson Willie , Kurniawan Andree
Published: January 2021

Background Currently, the data regarding the effectiveness and safety
of tocilizumab as treatment for COVID-19 infection is still conflicting.
This study aims to give clear evidence regarding the potential benefit and
safety of tocilizumab in improving the outcome of COVID-19 patients.

Methods We systematically searched the PubMed and Europe PMC database
using specific keywords related to our aims until November 1st,
2020. All articles published on COVID-19 and tocilizumab were retrieved.
Statistical analysis was done using Review Manager 5.4 software.

Results A total of 38 studies with a total of 13 412 COVID-19
patients were included in our analysis. Our meta-analysis showed that
tocilizumab treatment is associated with reduction of mortality rate from
COVID-19 [OR 0.54 (95% CI 0.42–0.71),
p<0.00001, I
2=79%, random-effect modelling], but did not
alter the severity of COVID-19 [OR 1.05 (95% CI 0.92–1.20),
p=0.47, I
2=84%, random-effect modelling] and length of
hospital stay [Mean Difference 1.77 days (95% CI
−0.61–4.14 days), p=0.15, I
2=97%, random-effect modelling]. Tocilizumab also
does not associated with serious adverse events compared with standard of
care treatment [OR 0.91 (95% CI 0.71–1.15),
p=0.42, I
2=46%, random-effect modelling].

Conclusion Our study does not support the routine use of tocilizumab
for COVID-19 patients. Future studies should focus more on other potential
therapies for COVID-19 patients.
The anatomy of an award-winning meta-analysis: Recommendations for authors, reviewers, and readers of meta-analytic reviews
Authors: Steel Piers , Beugelsdijk Sjoerd , Aguinis Herman
Published: January 2021

Meta-analyses summarize a field’s research base and are therefore highly influential. Despite their value, the standards for an excellent meta-analysis, one that is potentially award-winning, have changed in the last decade. Each step of a meta-analysis is now more formalized, from the identification of relevant articles to coding, moderator analysis, and reporting of results. What was exemplary a decade ago can be somewhat dated today. Using the award-winning meta-analysis by Stahl et al. (Unraveling the effects of cultural diversity in teams: A meta-analysis of research on multicultural work groups. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(4):690–709, 2010) as an exemplar, we adopted a multi-disciplinary approach (e.g., management, psychology, health sciences) to summarize the anatomy (i.e., fundamental components) of a modern meta-analysis, focusing on: (1) data collection (i.e., literature search and screening, coding), (2) data preparation (i.e., treatment of multiple effect sizes, outlier identification and management, publication bias), (3) data analysis (i.e., average effect sizes, heterogeneity of effect sizes, moderator search), and (4) reporting (i.e., transparency and reproducibility, future research directions). In addition, we provide guidelines and a decision-making tree for when even foundational and highly cited meta-analyses should be updated. Based on the latest evidence, we summarize what journal editors and reviewers should expect, authors should provide, and readers (i.e., other researchers, practitioners, and policymakers) should consider about meta-analytic reviews.
Adjusting single-axis acoustic levitators in real time using rainbow schlieren deflectometry
Authors: Contreras Victor , Marzo Asier
Published: January 2021

Acoustic levitation uses focused high-intensity airborne ultrasound to hold particles in mid-air. It is becoming an important tool for experiments in spectrometry, lab-on-a-droplet, and display technologies. Nowadays, arrays of multiple small transducers can be used to build acoustic levitators; however, their performance depends on the optimal alignment. This work describes a simple method capable of visualizing a 2D projection of the acoustic field in real time using rainbow schlieren deflectometry. Good agreement was found between the images obtained with this technique and simulations of the acoustic pressure. It was also found that the maximum amplitudes of the field were obtained with the levitator aligned so that the power consumption was minimum, showing another simple and affordable way to adjust the levitators. As a result of the alignment optimization, it was possible for the first time to levitate steel and mercury in a levitator constructed with off-the-shelf components. The schlieren technique was applied to the TinyLev acoustic levitation system, but it can be applied to visualize the acoustic potential produced by different types of levitation systems.
High-responsivity PtSe2 photodetector enhanced by photogating effect
Authors: Yang Yajie , Li Jinshu , Choi Seunghyuk , Jeon Sumin , Cho Jeong Ho , Lee Byoung Hun , Lee Sungjoo
Published: January 2021

Platinum diselenide (PtSe2), a recently rediscovered two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide, has attracted immense attention in the optoelectronic field due to its tunable bandgap, ultrastability, and high electron mobility. However, the applications of PtSe2 photodetectors are seriously restricted by their low responsivity. In this work, a high-responsivity (5 × 104 A/W) PtSe2 photodetector is obtained by exploiting a photogating effect; this is induced by the hole-trapping states, which are attributed to Se vacancies. Moreover, a gate-tunable transition between the positive and negative photoconductances is observed under light illumination. A theoretical calculation based on the Boltzmann transport theory is performed to explain the carrier transport of PtSe2, considering the contributions of charged impurity, acoustic phonon, and polar optical phonon scattering.
Dispersion relation of square lattice waves in a two-dimensional binary complex plasma
Authors: Fu Z.-C. , Zampetaki A. , Huang H. , Du C.-R.
Published: January 2021

Binary complex plasmas consist of microparticles of two different species and can form two-dimensional square lattices under certain conditions. The dispersion relations of the square lattice waves are derived for the longitudinal and transverse in-plane modes, assuming that the out-of-plane mode is suppressed by the strong vertical confinement. The results are compared with the spectra obtained in Langevin dynamics simulations. Furthermore, we investigate the dependence of the dispersion relation on the charge ratio and mass ratio of the two particle species.
Comparison of the evolution of internal bias field of doped hafnia ferroelectric capacitors for the field-cycling reliability
Authors: Hong Seunghyeon , Lee Yoseop , Ahn Dante , Ahn Seung-Eon
Published: January 2021

The discovery of ferroelectricity in HfO2 thin films extends the range of research on next-generation electronic devices. However, for commercial applications, reliable ferroelectric switching characteristics under electric field cycling of HfO2 thin films must be secured. Despite recent reports of improved reliability under electric cycling of HfO2 with various dopants, a deep understanding of the experimental results is still needed. Our research has confirmed that finer domains and grains formed in thin films doped with Si than in those doped with Zr. This difference leads to a difference in the size of the domain and the number of domain walls, and a large number of domain walls function to suppress the diffusion of oxygen vacancies, which is known to significantly affect the stability of hafnia. This dependence was verified by the observation of relatively limited changes in the internal electric field of the Si-doped HfO2 films during the progression of cycling, using the first-order reversal curve method and various electrical measurements.
1D kinetic study of pinch formation in a dense plasma focus: Transition from collisional to collisionless regimes
Authors: Angus J. R. , Link A. J. , Schmidt A. E.
Published: January 2021

The pinch-formation stage of a deuterium dense plasma focus, and associated “shock-flash” neutron yield, is studied using 1D kinetic simulations considering a plasma column with initial pressure P, initial radius R, and the compression to be driven by a constant current I. The relative behavior of the compression is shown to be similar for fixed ratios of the characteristic ion mean free path to the radius of the plasma column at stagnation, λst/Rst. This dimensionless parameter is shown to scale like I4/(P3R5). The compression ratio, R/Rst, is found to be a minimum when λst/Rst≈1 and is the largest in the collisionless limit where λst≫Rst. This behavior is in contrast to the analogous planar pinch where R/Rst decreases from one constant for λst/Rst≪1 to a smaller constant for λst/Rst≫1. The yield in the collisionless regime is shown to fall between the two well-known I4 scaling laws. Furthermore, this regime exhibits qualities that potentially make it appealing for radiography applications, such as increased localization in time and space of the neutron formation.
Measurement and identification of azimuthal current in an RF plasma thruster employing a time-varying magnetic field
Authors: Sekine H. , Koizumi H. , Komurasaki K.
Published: January 2021

We report two-dimensional temporally resolved measurements of the magnetic field and the azimuthal current in a radio-frequency plasma thruster with a time-varying magnetic field. The measured azimuthal current cannot be explained by the classical cross-field transport theory, which has been used in modeling of inductive electrodeless plasma thrusters; rather, it is fairly close to the estimated current using parallel electrical conductivity. In the analysis in the collisionless limit, the comparison of the measured azimuthal current and the diamagnetic current implies the non-negligible contribution of the azimuthal electron E × B drift current in the azimuthal current, in contrast with the case of conventional helicon plasma thrusters. This result indicates the establishment of the strong in-plane perpendicular electric field, as observed in the previous experiment [H. Sekine, H. Koizumi, and K. Komurasaki, Phys. Plasmas 27, 103513 (2020)]. Based on the experimental results, we build a hypothesis on the wall-charging-induced in-plane perpendicular electric field and the in-plane current-free condition. By analyzing the electron momentum equation under this condition, the electrical conductivity in the azimuthal direction agrees to the parallel conductivity, explaining the present result well.
Aperture-limited conduction and its possible mechanism in ion-implanted current aperture vertical
β
-Ga2O3 MOSFETs
Authors: Wong Man Hoi , Murakami Hisashi , Kumagai Yoshinao , Higashiwaki Masataka
Published: January 2021

An anomalous diode-like turn-on behavior was observed in the drain characteristics of current aperture vertical β-Ga2O3 transistors. This phenomenon was attributable to an electron barrier created by negative fixed charges in the aperture opening, through which electrons were funneled from the gated channel to the drift layer. Electrostatic analysis for deriving the turn-on voltage yielded effective sheet charge densities on the order of 1011–1012 cm−2. The charged species was conjectured to be acceptor-like point defects diffusing from nitrogen-implanted current blocking layers with an activation energy consistent with migration of gallium vacancies. These results alluded to a possible role of point-defect diffusion in the performance and reliability of ion-implanted Ga2O3 devices.
An overview of epidemic models with phase transitions to absorbing states running on top of complex networks
Authors: Mata Angélica S.
Published: January 2021

Dynamical systems running on the top of complex networks have been extensively investigated for decades. But this topic still remains among the most relevant issues in complex network theory due to its range of applicability. The contact process (CP) and the susceptible–infected–susceptible (SIS) model are used quite often to describe epidemic dynamics. Despite their simplicity, these models are robust to predict the kernel of real situations. In this work, we review concisely both processes that are well-known and very applied examples of models that exhibit absorbing-state phase transitions. In the epidemic scenario, individuals can be infected or susceptible. A phase transition between a disease-free (absorbing) state and an active stationary phase (where a fraction of the population is infected) are separated by an epidemic threshold. For the SIS model, the central issue is to determine this epidemic threshold on heterogeneous networks. For the CP model, the main interest is to relate critical exponents with statistical properties of the network.
Generation of all-to-all connections in a two-dimensional qubit array with two-body interactions
Authors: Tanamoto Tetsufumi
Published: January 2021

All-to-all connections are required in general quantum annealing machines to solve various combinatorial optimization problems. The Lechner, Hauke, and Zoller method, which is used to realize the all-to-all connections, requires many-body interactions in locally connected qubits. Because most of the qubit interactions are two-body interactions, Lechner also proposed the construction of each four-body interaction by six controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates between two qubits. However, it is difficult to construct many CNOT gates. Herein, we show more concrete sequences to produce four-body and three-body interactions based on a two-dimensional solid-state qubit system. We show that the number of operations needed to construct the many-body interactions can be reduced using appropriate pulse sequences. These findings will help reduce quantum computation costs for solving combinatorial problems.
Serrated slat cusp for high-lift device noise reduction
Authors: Kamliya Jawahar Hasan , Showkat Ali Syamir Alihan , Azarpeyvand Mahdi
Published: January 2021

Noise reduction capabilities of slat cusp serration were experimentally assessed and demonstrated for a 30P30N three-element high-lift airfoil fitted with two different types of serrated slat cusps. Aerodynamic characteristics were evaluated with the aid of surface pressure distribution, and insignificant differences were found among all the tested configurations. The unsteady flow characteristics of the slat serrations were examined using near- and far-field measurements to gain a deeper understanding of the noise generation mechanism. Although increased surface pressure fluctuations were demonstrated by the slat serrations, a substantial reduction in the far-field noise was observed. The increase in the near-field energy levels was attributed to the non-propagating hydrodynamic energy field within the slat cove and the main element, whereas the far-field noise reduction was attributed to the elimination of vortex shedding by the slat serration. Further reaffirmation of the observations and hypothesis was provided with higher-order spectral analysis and wavelet analysis.
Heteroepitaxial growth of wide bandgap cuprous iodide films exhibiting clear free-exciton emission
Authors: Inagaki S. , Nakamura M. , Okamura Y. , Ogino M. , Takahashi Y. , Peng L. C. , Yu X. Z. , Tokura Y. , Kawasaki M.
Published: January 2021

Cuprous iodide (CuI) is an emerging wide-bandgap semiconductor of superior optical and transport properties. In particular, CuI shows high stability and large oscillator strength of free excitons that are of great advantage for optoelectronic applications. However, thin films of CuI reported so far have not been genuine single crystals, containing a sizable density of impurity and defect. Here, we demonstrate a dramatic improvement in the quality of CuI films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a lattice-matched InAs substrate. The film is revealed to be in a single-crystal structure with high lattice coherence and an atomically flat surface. The low-temperature photoluminescence spectra exhibit extremely sharp emission from free excitons and much-suppressed emission from trapped states. The high-quality CuI films realized in the present study will not only facilitate the device application of CuI films but also provide unprecedented functionalities in halide semiconductors at the atomically sharp heterointerfaces.
Crossing and anticrossing of 1D subbands in a quantum point contact with in-plane side gates
Authors: Pokhabov D. A. , Pogosov A. G. , Zhdanov E. Yu. , Bakarov A. K. , Shklyaev A. A.
Published: January 2021

The conductance of a single GaAs quantum point contact (QPC) with in-plane side gates separated from a channel by lithographic trenches is experimentally studied. It is shown that, in such a trench-type QPC, the conducting channel splits into two channels, each demonstrating a conductance quantization. A phase diagram of the 1D subband population in separate channels as a function of the voltages at side gates is experimentally obtained. The obtained data show that the electron transport regime undergoes the transition from the case of two independent parallel 1D conductors to the case of strongly correlated double-row transport. The transition occurs with the increase in the number of populated 1D subbands in the channels and manifests itself in the phase diagram by the change of behavior of the lines separating the regions corresponding to different numbers. The crossings of these lines at small numbers turn into anticrossings at large numbers. The anticrossings are explained by the splitting of degenerate levels in a double-well confinement potential formed inside the QPC constriction.
Soft-information flipper based on long-short term memory networks for ultra-high density magnetic recording
Authors: Rueangnetr N. , Myint Lin M. , Warisarn C.
Published: January 2021

Currently, researchers have been developing new ultra-high density magnetic recording technologies to meet the exponential growth of data storage demand. One of the main prospective technologies is bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) technology which is expected to upgrade the areal density (AD) up to 4.0 Terabit per square inch (Tb/in2). To achieve the expected high AD, the distance between each magnetic island in BPMR medium must; however, be reduced significantly, and it will enhance the two-dimensional (2-D) interference, namely inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-track interference (ITI). These two effects need to be probably handled to maintain overall system performance. Therefore, we propose a soft-information flipper based on long-short term memory (LSTM) networks combined with the rate-5/6 2-D modulation code in the coded three-track/three-head BPMR systems. In the proposed system, three soft-information sequences produced by the multiple 2-D soft-output Viterbi algorithms are employed as LSTM network inputs to generate the coded data sequences. During the supervised learning process, the known values of the coded data sequences are used as the targets at the output stage of LSTM network. The simulation results indicate that, at the same user density of 2.5 Tb/in2, the proposed system can provide bit-error-rate performance over both the soft-information flipping scheme based on a priori log-likelihood ratios summation and conventional uncoded systems. Moreover, the results also reveal that the proposed system is more robust to the media noise compared to other systems.
Quantum spin nematic liquid in the S = 1 antiferromagnetic chain with the biquadratic interaction
Authors: Sakai Tôru
Published: January 2021

The magnetization process of the S = 1 antiferromagnetic chain with the biquadratic interaction is investigated using the numerical diagonalization. As a result, it is found that the quantum spin nematic liquid phase appears below the saturation magnetization for sufficiently large negative biquadratic interaction. The ground state phase diagram is also presented. This result is consistent with the previous density matrix renormalization group study. In addition the present study confirms that the two magnon excitation is gapless, while the single magnon one is gapped in the spin nematic liquid phase.
Intergranular interaction in nanocrystalline Ce-Fe-B melt-spinning ribbons via first-order reversal curve analysis
Authors: Zha L. , Lin Z. , Wang F. , Kim C. , Xue M. , Yang J. , Han L. , Yang W. , Liu S. , Han J. , Wang C. , Du H. , Xia W. , Yang J.
Published: January 2021

First-order reversal curve (FORC) diagram, which visualizes the variation of magnetic interaction on a field plane, has been applied to nanocrystalline Ce-Fe-B melt-spinning ribbons. The FORC diagram exhibits different vertical spread along the Hu axis when the applied field is parallel or perpendicular to the ribbon surface. The discrepancy of vertical spread corresponds to different intergranular interactions, which can also be verified by Henkel plot, another method to identify the interactions. The larger vertical spread on the Hu axis along the perpendicular direction is ascribed to the dominance of magnetostatic interaction, while the smaller one along the parallel direction indicates the existence of stronger exchange coupling interaction. The remanence enhancement effect along the parallel direction further confirms the existence of exchange coupling. These indicate that a FORC diagram is a powerful evaluation method for distinguishing different magnetic interactions in permanent magnets. Moreover, Lorentz transmission electron microscopy was used to analyze the magnetic domain structure of nanocrystalline Ce-Fe-B melt-spinning ribbons.
Magnetic properties of (Sm,Zr)Fe5 alloys and their nitrides
Authors: Saito Tetsuji
Published: January 2021

In this study, magnetic properties of (Sm,Zr)Fe5 melt-spun ribbons and their nitrogenated specimens were examined. The as-annealed (Sm,Zr)Fe5 melt-spun ribbons showed a coercivity of around 1.3 kOe, but it was found that their nitrogenation increased the coercivity. A high coercivity of 11.4 kOe was achieved in the (Sm0.7Zr0.3)Fe5 melt-spun ribbon when nitrogenated at 713 K for 20 h. Microstructural studies revealed that the nitrogenated specimen consisted of fine grains with an average diameter of 20 nm. XRD studies revealed that the nitrogenated specimen contained a small amount of the α-Fe phase together with the (Sm,Zr)Fe5 phase.
Shubnikov-de-Haas oscillation and possible modification of effective mass in CeTe3 thin films
Authors: Watanabe Mori , Nakamura Ryoya , Lee Sanghyun , Asano Takuya , Ibe Takashi , Tokuda Masashi , Taniguchi Hiroki , Ueta Daichi , Okada Yoshinori , Kobayashi Kensuke , Niimi Yasuhiro
Published: January 2021

Magnetoresistance measurements have been performed in CeTe3 thin film devices in a temperature range from 2.1 to 20 K up to 8 T. A clear Shubnikov-de-Haas oscillation was observed in the whole temperature range. The temperature dependence of the oscillation amplitude was found to deviate from the Lifshitz–Kosevich formula below the magnetic transition temperature at TN1 ≈ 3 K. This indicates a significant interplay between the magnetic ordering and the conduction electrons, which could lead to a modification of the effective cyclotron mass. By analyzing the temperature dependence of the oscillation amplitude, we have estimated the effective mass, quantum lifetime and quantum mobility of the material both in the paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic states.
Growth and characterization of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7−δ bilayers
Authors: Wisser Jacob J. , Suzuki Yuri
Published: January 2021

Understanding the interplay of ferromagnets and superconductors requires high quality interfaces. To this end, we have fabricated heterostructures of the cuprate superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) with the metallic ferromagnet La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) via pulsed laser deposition on SrTiO3 (STO) (001) and (LaAlO3)0.3(Sr2TaAlO6)0.7 (LSAT) (001) substrates. By varying the YBCO thickness from 1.7-13.6 nm while keeping the LSMO thickness at 12 nm, we have studied the interplay between ferromagnetism and superconductivity in the in-plane transport and magnetic properties of the bilayers. X-ray reflectivity data indicate the presence of a 2-3 nm thick interfacial layer between the LSMO and YBCO layers in all heterostructures. In-plane transport measurements exhibit suppression of the superconducting transition temperature from bulk YBCO values. Magnetometry measurements indicate high LSMO saturation magnetization values for samples grown on STO substrates and even higher (bulk-like) magnetization for bilayers grown on LSAT substrates. Together these results indicate that the interdiffused layer is largely attributed to a modified YBCO layer.
The negative expressions in three dialectal repertoires
Authors: Perea Maria Pilar
Published: January 2021

The main aim of this chapter is to describe,
analyse and map the negative expressions recorded in three dialectal
materials related to the Catalan language developed during three
different periods of the twentieth century: the field notebooks by
Antoni M. Alcover (completed between 1900 and 1922), the
Atlas Lingüístico de la Península Ibérica, by
Tomás Navarro Tomás (conducted between 1934 and 1935, and resumed
later on in 1947 and 1952), and the Atles Lingüístic del
Domini Català, by Joan Veny and Lídia Pons (surveys
carried out between 1964 and 1975).
A microsyntactic study of Pyrenean negative emphatic polarity
particles with the help of data from linguistic atlases
Authors: Naya Ares Llop
Published: January 2021

In this chapter we show the interest of the data
gathered in linguistic atlases and traditional dialectology
materials in the context of the significant development of formal
studies in dialect syntax. We present a case study based on almost
unexplored dialects in the Central Pyrenean region with the purpose
of showing how dialectal data can contribute to an in-depth
knowledge of the grammar of natural languages. We present an
already-tested roadmap to develop a micro-syntactic investigation
that aims at providing a fine-grained description of synchronic
variation in the use of negative minimizers and, at the same time,
seeks to determine the formal features of such items, as well as the
consequences of different feature specification for the negative
concord.
ASinEs
Authors: Cerrudo Alba , Pineda Anna
Published: January 2021

In this chapter we present the
ASinEs project (Atlas Sintáctico del
Español, http://www.asines.org
), an unprecedented tool for the study of dialectal
variation in the syntax of Spanish. After an introductory
presentation (Section 1),
we set the ASinEs in the context of the study of
dialectal syntax and outline the reasons for its creation (Section 2). Next, we explain the goals the atlas is intended to achieve and how it is structured
(Section 3). We go on
to show how information is entered in the atlas (from both manager
and user perspectives) (Section 4), and finally explain how to use the search
engine and other resources available on the website (Section 5).
The translation landscape of Thessaloniki’s Kastra neighbourhood
Authors: Lees Christopher
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this article is to investigate several key sociolinguistic aspects of texts that have been translated from Greek into English in public spaces in the Kastra neighbourhood of Thessaloniki. It approaches these translations through a sociolinguistic lens, drawing from the ethnographic methodology used in studies of linguistic landscapes, whilst also taking into account the need to combine approaches from the sociological turn in Translation Studies, which have largely adopted Bourdieu’s concept of habitus in an attempt to place the translator at the centre of related academic enquiry. The qualitative findings derive from public texts that can be grouped into the following categories: Official signs and notifications, ad hoc signs and notices, and translated texts for businesses offering services. The analysis of the texts focuses on issues concerning superdiversity, social background, identity, and translation practices.
Fertilization and clear-cutting effects on greenhouse gas emissions of pinewood nematode damaged Masson pine plantation
Authors: Zhang Xue , Zhao Zeyao , Chen Tong , Zhao Tianyu , Song Lihao , Mei Li
Published: January 2021

Introduction
: Management practices are essential for maintaining forest ecological functions under increasing diseases and pest disasters. The effects of nitrogen fertilization (NF) and clear-cutting (CC) on the soil microbial community structure and greenhouse gases emission were investigated of pinewood nematodes (
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
)-infected Masson pine (
Pinus massoniana
) plantations.

Outcomes
: CC increased the soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) contents relative to the control (CK). NF increased the SMBN but had no significant effect on the SMBC content. The total fungal and bacterial abundances increased in the CC treatment compared with the CK, but there was no significant difference between the NF and CK. The cumulative soil CO
2
emission (2.35 t C·hm
−2
) was higher than that of CK (1.65 t C·hm
−2
) in summer, and the cumulative annual N
2
O emission (16.90 kg N·hm
−2
yr
−1
) of NF was approximately 47 times of CK (0.36 t N·hm
−2
·yr
−1
). CC increased the CO
2
flux (2.21 t C·hm
−2
) in summer but have no significantly effects on N
2
O emission.

Conclusion
: These results indicated that NF and CC practices changed forest soil microbial community structure and affected soil greenhouse gas emissions in pinewood nematodes -infected Masson pine plantations. The CO
2
emission rates increased in the NF and CC treatments, which reduced the carbon sequestration function of forests and had a negative impact on climate change.
Bayesian inversion for electromyography using low-rank tensor formats
Authors: Rörich Anna , Werthmann Tim A. , Göddeke Dominik , Grasedyck Lars
Published: January 2021

The reconstruction of the structure of biological tissue using electromyographic (EMG) data is a non-invasive imaging method with diverse medical applications. Mathematically, this process is an inverse problem. Furthermore, EMG data are highly sensitive to changes in the electrical conductivity that describes the structure of the tissue. Modeling the inevitable measurement error as a stochastic quantity leads to a Bayesian approach. Solving the discretized Bayesian inverse problem means drawing samples from the posterior distribution of parameters, e.g., the conductivity, given measurement data. Using, e.g., a Metropolis–Hastings algorithm for this purpose involves solving the forward problem for different parameter combinations which requires a high computational effort. Low-rank tensor formats can reduce this effort by providing a data-sparse representation of all occurring linear systems of equations simultaneously and allow for their efficient solution. The application of Bayes’ theorem proves the well-posedness of the Bayesian inverse problem. The derivation and proof of a low-rank representation of the forward problem allow for the precomputation of all solutions of this problem under certain assumptions, resulting in an efficient and theory-based sampling algorithm. Numerical experiments support the theoretical results, but also indicate that a high number of samples is needed to obtain reliable estimates for the parameters. The Metropolis–Hastings sampling algorithm, using the precomputed forward solution in a tensor format, draws this high number of samples and therefore enables solving problems which are infeasible using classical methods.
Nonlocal robust tensor recovery with nonconvex regularization
*
Authors: Qiu Duo , Bai Minru , Ng Michael K , Zhang Xiongjun
Published: January 2021

The robust tensor recovery problem consists in reconstructing a tensor from a sample of entries corrupted by noise, which has attracted great interest in a wide range of practical situations such as image processing and computer vision. In this paper, we study robust tensor recovery for third-order tensors with different degradations, which aims to recover a tensor from partial observations corrupted by Gaussian noise and sparse noise simultaneously. In contrast to traditional approaches based on the tensor nuclear norm penalty for the low-rank component and the tensor ℓ
1 norm penalty for the sparse component, we propose a nonlocal robust low-rank tensor recovery model with nonconvex regularization (NRTRM) to explore the global low-rankness and nonlocal self-similarity of the underlying tensor. The NRTRM method is first to extract similar patched-tubes to form a third-order sub-tensor. Then a class of nonconvex low-rank penalties and nonconvex sparse penalties are employed to explore the low-rank component and the sparse corruptions for such sub-tensor, respectively. Moreover, a proximal alternating linearized minimization algorithm is developed to solve the resulting model in each group and its convergence is established under very mild conditions. Extensive numerical experiments on both multispectral images and video datasets demonstrate the superior performance of NRTRM in comparison with several state-of-the-art methods.
Photon wave-mechanical theory of single-photon diffraction from a mesoscopic hole
Authors: Jung Jesper , Keller Ole
Published: January 2021

A quantum electrodynamical theory for single-photon diffraction of light from a mesoscopic hole in a quantum well (QW) screen with (Schrödinger) electron dynamics is established. Photon wave mechanics (PWM) is used to extend and bridge the gap between hitherto used semiclassical and quantum optical theoretical approaches for analyses of diffraction of light. An essentially complete calculation is carried out for a paradigm example: (i) a single-photon point-like electric-dipole (ED) primary source, emitting (ii) a wave packet photon toward (iii) a two-level QW screen possessing (iv) in-plane jellium electrodynamics with (v) a single mesoscopic ED hole. The PWM description is based on the, in this context attractive, Riemann–Silberstein–Oppenheimer–Bialynicki formulation. The effective size of the hole is determined on the basis of a quantum mechanical extinction theorem for the in-plane jellium electron dynamics in the vicinity of the hole. The incident electrodynamic field induced current density in the screen (with hole) allows one to obtain the single-photon probabilities for scattering from the hole and the screen. A one-photon wave train emitted by the primary ED point-like source is assumed to drive the scattering process. The far-field hole-screen diffraction pattern is calculated paying particular attention to the spectral diffraction (correlation) pattern, which illustrates the interplay between the wave-train frequency, the screen/hole local-field resonance frequency, and the Bohr frequency. Our theory shows that the ED hole polarizability is close to that of a one-dimensional single harmonic oscillator with resonance frequency coinciding with the local-field resonance in the two-level QW screen.
Schottky barrier modification of GaSSe/graphene heterojunctions based on density functional theory
Authors: Lv Lingling , Shen Yanqing , Ma Yanyan , Gao Xu , Liu Jiajia , Wu Shengyao , Wang Xinyu , Gong Dewei , Zhou Zhongxiang
Published: January 2021

Constructing van der Waals heterojunctions is an effective way to solve the defects of two-dimensional (2D) material properties. The crystal structure and electronic properties of 2D monolayer GaSSe have been studied using first-principles calculation. Based on density functional theory calculations, we designed two different GaSSe/graphene heterojunctions and computed their electrical and interfacial properties. The calculated results confirm that graphene and GaSSe can maintain the original band structure after compounding, and the interaction between the two layers shows a weak van der Waals effect. The energy band gap of graphene can be opened to 25 meV when the GaSSe/graphene heterojunctions are formed. Graphene can be used as an electrode, and electrons will flow from the graphene layer to the GaSSe channel. Moreover, the interlayer distance and the applied electric field can be adjusted to modulate the Schottky barrier height and the Schottky contact type (n-type and p-type) of GaSSe/graphene heterojunctions. The two different heterojunctions can achieve Schottky contact-type conversion at a layer spacing of 3.00 and 2.70 Å, respectively. The position of the Dirac point of GaSSe/graphene heterojunctions will move with the change of the applied electric field. The Dirac point gradually moves towards the semiconductor valence band as the forward electric field of the heterojunctions increases. In addition, the n-type contact formed at the interface of the GaSSe/graphene heterojunctions will be converted into an Ohmic contact when the reverse electric field is about 0.5 eV Å−1. All the theoretical results clarify the fundamental properties of GaSSe/graphene heterojunctions and predict that the GaSSe/graphene heterojunctions can be used to design high-performance field effect transistor devices.
Theoretical study of a water sensor based on a single upconversion microrod
Authors: Wang Jie , Guo Rongxiang , Qin Yuan , Hu Haofeng , Cheng Zhenzhou , Wang Liang , Liu Tiegen
Published: January 2021

Water sensing is of great importance in wide applications of biomedicine, precision agriculture, chemical industrial processes, and food inspection. As a promising probe to detect water molecules, lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles have drawn rapidly increasing research interest with the merits of the high photostability, fast response, and highly distinguishable spectrum. However, the detection sensitivity of such a technique is usually moderate due to the weak response of the luminescence to variations of water concentrations. Here, we theoretically study a sensitive water sensor based on a single NaGdF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ upconversion microrod. By utilizing whispering-gallery-mode resonance around the cross-section of the microrod, an upconversion laser is generated which can be employed to improve the detection sensitivity by about an order of magnitude compared with the sensors based on upconversion nanoparticle luminescence. The sensor is expected to be used for achieving the high-stability, high-sensitivity, high-spatial-resolution, and real-time detection of water molecules.
The influence of a nickelic interlayer on spin transport efficiency at a YIG/Pt interface
Authors: Liu Min , Sha Rongxin , Wang Mengyi , Peng Yibo , Zhang Ziyang , Zou Ailiang , Xu Yuekui , Guo Fangzhun , Qiu Zhiyong
Published: January 2021

Interfacial spin transport efficiency was studied in a yttrium iron garnet (YIG)/Pt spin-pumping system with different nickelic interlayers. It was found that the magnitude of the spin-pumping signals is sensitive to the chemical composition and crystalline orientation of the nickelic interlayers. As shown by the results obtained, a 2 nm thick metallic Ni interlayer enhances the spin-pumping signal, making it several times larger than that found for a YIG/Pt control sample. The spin-pumping signal around room temperature was found to be enhanced (suppressed) by antiferromagnetic NiO interlayers with perfect [111] orientation (without perfect [111] orientation). Our results confirm that a nickelic interlayer is a possible choice for optimizing interfacial spin transport, which is important for the development of a highly effective spin-based device.