bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Uropathogenic ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Keffi Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: AYENI Regina , OLLEY Mitsan , IBRAHIM Ismaila , Ashe Adelekun Christiana
Published: November 2024

Urinary tract infection (UTI) remains the most common bacterial infection in humans despite the widespread availability of antibiotics. Exteded spectrum beta-lactamase production is an important mechanism of antibiotic resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae. Antibiotic resistance is a rising dilemma of significant implications on global public health. Few data exist for the prevalence and trends of Klebsiella pneumoniae antibiotic resistance in Keffi metropolis Nigeria. This study was done to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae as well as its antibiotic susceptibility pattern regarding some predisposing factors.
Aim: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of uropathogenic K. pneumoniae in Keffi metropolis, Nigeria.
Methodology: The current study was a carried out in Keffi, Nasarawa state, Nigeria from July to October 2024. It was a cross-sectional study comprising of 160 early morning urine samples randomly collected from consenting participants in the six selected hospitals. Isolation and identification of K. pneumoniae was done using standard microbiological methods. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of isolates was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and interpretation was done following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocol. Results obtained in this study were analysed using Smith’s Statistical Package (version 2.8, California, USA) and P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The result of this study revealed an overall prevalence of 20/160 (12.5%). The highest prevalence of the isolate was seen in females 14(8.75) compared to males 6 (3.75%), while the highest prevance regarding age was recorded among the 15-34 age group 12 (7.5%) while the least was recorded among those greater than 65 years 0 (0%). Furthermore, the highest number of isolate was recorded at FMCK 7 (4.4%) followed jointly by GHK and PHC TK 4 (2.5%) with PHC, KP and PHC AJ 1 (0.63%) beign the least respectively. There was a high level of resistance to ceftazidime 20 (100%), followed jointly by ceftriaxone, cefurexime and treptomycin 19 (95%) and augmentin 18 (90%) but low to amoxicillin 6 (30%) and ofloxacin 6 (30%) respectively. Most of the isolates tested were multidrug resistant and all were extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing.
Conclusion: The relatively high detection rate of multidrug resistant uropathogenic K. pneumoniae in this study calls for concern. More concerning is the isolation from primary health care centers (PHCs) signifying the importance of universal health coverage and the place of PHCs in antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs as one of the strategies to control the spread of antimocrobial resistance.
Analysis of Constraints Faced in the Bt Cotton Seed Market in Devbhumi Dwarka District
Authors: Nakum M. M. , Patel R.M. , Kotvaliya N. A. , Gohil M. B.
Published: November 2024

This study provides an in-depth analysis of the constraints affecting the Bt cotton seed market for farmers and dealers in Devbhumi Dwarka district, Gujarat. Although Bt cotton has revolutionized cotton production by increasing yield and reducing pesticide use, numerous challenges persist in seed acquisition and sales. This research investigates constraints related to seed availability, pricing, demand-supply gaps, and competition. Data were collected through structured interviews with 120 farmers and 20 dealers and analyzed using Garrett's ranking method to prioritize the constraints. Results indicate that limited availability of preferred seed brands, high prices, and untimely supply are the primary issues for farmers. Dealers face challenges, including inventory shortages due to demand-supply gaps, high competition, and credit sales pressures. This paper suggests strategies to streamline the seed distribution process and alleviate the constraints faced by stakeholders in the Bt cotton seed market.
Identification and Characterization of Fungi in Hibiscus sabdariffa (zobo) Drink Produced and Hawked in Eket Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Joseph Ofonmbuk , Idem Iboro , Ekott Emmanuel
Published: November 2024

Zobo drink is an affordable local soft beverage derived from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa, a herbaceous medicinal plant that thrives in tropical regions. The characterization and identification of fungi present in Zobo drinks produced and sold by vendors in Eket, Akwa Ibom State, was the aim of this study. Hawked Zobo drinks packaged in plastic bottles were purchased from ten different hawkers, two each from five locations. The pH values of the samples were determined and the total fungal count. The pour plate technique, using Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) was used to determine the total fungal count. Macroscopic and microscopic features were used to characterize the isolates obtained from the samples. The microscopic identification was done by preparing a wet mount of isolated colonies and observing under a microscope. The rate of growth, colony colour, colour changes, colour of reverse colonies, odour and texture of surface were observed and compared with previous work done on fungi. Results showed that the pH of the freshly obtained and stored samples was 3.9 and 2.8 respectively. The average number of colonies for samples stored in the refrigerator ranged from 0.54 x 105 to 0.91 x 105 cfu/ml while that of the freshly obtained samples ranged from 1.26 x 105 to 1.64x105 cfu/ml at 10-3 dilution. A total of 43.6% Aspergillus spp., 29.5% Candida spp. 15.4% Penicillium spp. and 11.5% Rhizopus spp. were identified. With increased acidity in the refrigerated samples, the number reduced to 41.2% Aspergillus spp., 27.4% Candida spp. 15.7% Penicillium spp. and 15.7% Rhizopus spp. The fungi species isolated are known to produce mycotoxins with potential immunosuppressive and cytotoxic effect. These microorganisms could have been introduced to the drinks at various stages of production, during transportation, through the ingredients utilized in the manufacturing process, or even during the cultivation of the Hibiscus sabdariffa plant. This issue can be mitigated by implementing effective manufacturing practices throughout the production process.
Left Ventricular Ultrasound Diastolic Parameters in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Adjuvant Anthracycline and Trastuzumab
Authors: Chitadze Tea , Sharashidze Nino , Lomia Nino , Tsiklauri Maia
Published: November 2024

Background: Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women of all ages. As age increases, so does the risk of both cancer and cardiovascular diseases, heightening the likelihood of short-term and long-term cardiovascular side effects. Therefore, strategies for early diagnosis and prevention of cardiotoxicity are crucial. he optimal use of conventional echocardiographic parameters is important, especially given the limited access to advanced echocardiography in developing countries.
Aims: To evaluate changes in left ventricular (LV) ultrasound parameters, including diastolic parameters, in postmenopausal women with breast cancer (BC), as a high-risk group receiving anthracycline-trastuzumab-containing regimens.
Study Design: A prospective 24-month single-center study.
Place and Duration of Study: From December 2019 to March 2024 at the ultrasound laboratory of Tbilisi State University Medical Center, Tbilisi, Georgia
Methodology: Seventy-four postmenopausal patients with primary BC receiving anthracycline or anthracycline-trastuzumab were assessed for LV systolic and diastolic parameters before the anticancer therapy and at six subsequent visits. Cardio-protection was administered to high-risk patients preventively and to others when cardiotoxicity developed. Multiple regression was used to estimate relationships between various independent and dependent variables. Cardiotoxicity was assessed using survival analysis tools (Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional model).
Results: The two-year CTRCD survival rate was 63.5%. During the 2-year follow-up, the mean E/e' increased across the entire cohort, but remained within the normal range. E/e' >15 was noted only in CTRCD patients at 6th month mark (4.1%, n=3, P=.056) within the high-risk group, peaking at 9th month (10.8%, n=8, P< .00). Multiple regression indicated a significant association of IVRT baseline value with late cardiotoxicity (adj. beta-coefficient= 0.32; t = 2.73, P=.008) and DT baseline value with early cardiotoxicity (adj. beta-coefficient = -0.25; t = -3.31, P=0.002). GLS demonstrated predictive value from the first month in 13.5% of the cohort and in 34.5% of patients with CTRCD (P< .00).
Conclusion: Our 2-year longitudinal prospective study of anthracycline–trastuzumab-containing regimens in postmenopausal women with early BC revealed that: 1) Predictive association of E/e' with cardiotoxicity was not detected. 2) A reliable association with late cardiotoxicity (T7) from the diastolic parameters was revealed only by IVRT baseline value 3) A reliable association with early cardiotoxicity (T4) from diastolic parameters was revealed only by DT baseline. 4)GLS is superior to E/e' in its prognostic value and diagnostic ability of cardiotoxicity .
Nutritional and Phytochemical Profile of Commonly Consumed Spices in Nigeria
Authors: E.O Adedayo, , I.O Dada , K Ajayi , D.T Adesimiloye,
Published: November 2024

Background: Spices which are widely used in Nigeria have aroma, enhance taste of food and Possess medicinal values.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the nutritionaland phytochemical profile of commonly consumed spices in Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: Raw materials and other ingredients used for this study were purchased from Oja-Oba in Owo Local Government, Ondo State. The spices were analysed for proximate and mineral components using standard method as described by AOAC (2012). Sodium and potassium were determined using flame photometer and calcium, selenium, copper, zinc, magnesium, and iron were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Phytochemical analyses were carried out using standard procedures.
Results: The proximate composition showed that protein was significantly (p≤0.05) high at 14.41% in Uziza seed and low at 11.60% in tumeric. Ginger contained high moisture content at 10.63%, while Uziza seed had the least value of 8.58%. High ash content was recorded in gingerat 5.27% and lowest at 3.70% in Uziza. Tumeric had the highest value of 65.57% for carbohydrate, while Uziza had the least value of 60.06%. Mineral composition showed high value of calcium in Uziza seed (402.03mg/100g). Nutmeg showed a high value of magnesium (13.3mg/100g) and turmeric indicated the highest value of potassium (405.43mg/100g), sodium (135.17mg/100g) for Uziza seed. The highest content of iron was recorded at 3.34mg/100g.  Turmeric had a high value of zinc at 3.77 mg/100g and copper at 97 mg/100g, respectively. The spices contained an appreciable amount of phytochemicals. However, turmeric was significantly higher in alkaloids, flavonoids and polyphenols.
Conclusion:This study showed that spices have greater use in medicine and as a food supplement.
Haematological and Biochemical Profiles, Including Vitamin A and Zinc Status, in Clinical and Subclinical Oriental Theileriosis in Cattle
Authors: S. Vaisakhi Vikraman, , P.M. Deepa, , R.L. Rathish, , A. Janus, , R. Rajasekhar,
Published: November 2024

Aim: The present study investigated the clinical, haematological and biochemical profiles in cattle infected with Theileria orientalis, correlating disease severity with various parameters.
Study Design: A total of 32 clinically ill, 10 subclinically infected, and 10 healthy control animals were included.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, between November 2023 to September 2024.
Methodology: Theileria piroplasms, observed via Giemsa staining, appeared as thick and thin rods with trailing cytoplasm and annular, pyriform, garland, and signet-ring shapes. PCR amplification of the T. orientalis major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) yielded a specific 776 bp product in clinically and subclinically infected animals.
Results: Haematological analysis revealed significant anaemia and thrombocytopenia in infected groups, without notable changes in leukocyte counts. Serum protein analysis indicated hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia, while liver enzymes, particularly AST, were elevated in clinically infected cattle, suggesting hepatic involvement. Additionally, serum vitamin A and zinc concentrations were significantly lower in infected cattle, underscoring a possible role for oxidative stress in disease pathogenesis.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that T. orientalis infection is associated with multi-systemic impacts, including haematological abnormalities, liver damage, and nutrient deficiencies, which are crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective management strategies.
Influence of Seed Size Grading on Physiological Parameters in Pigeon Pea cv. GRG152
Authors: Ganigara B.S. , Doddagoudar S.R , Hiremath Umesh , Hosamani Arunkumar , K Maruti
Published: November 2024

The experiment was initiated during December 2020–21 and 2021–22 at seed unit, UAS, Raichur, Karnataka, India to study the influence of seed size grading on physiological parameters. For grading different round aperture sieves were used, viz., 3.50 mm, 3.75 mm, 4.00 mm, 4.25 mm, and 4.50 mm. The results revealed that the 3.75 mm sieve recorded higher seed recovery (88.60%) than other sieves with better seed quality parameters like germination (85.44%), physical purity (98.00%), 100 seed weight (10.13 g), seedling vigour index(2662), and pure live seed (83.55%). During the seed processing of Pigeon pea variety GRG 152, it is advisable to utilize 3.75 mm (R) sieves for size grading in order to enhance seed recovery while adhering to the Minimum Seed Certification Standard (MSCS) required for seed approval by the Government of India. The specified screen size can be submitted to the state seed certification agency or authority for consideration in the recommended screens for the grading of pigeon pea variety GRG152 within the seed certification program.
On Properties of Zero Points and Poles of K-Bianalytic Functions
Authors: Ni Junyou , Li Hongliang
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we first prove that the set of zero points of a nonzero K-bianalytic function \(f(z)=\bar{z}(k)\phi_1(z(k))+\phi(z(k)), z\) \(\epsilon D\), is not a region and the set of the second zero points has no accumulated point. Second, a sufficient and necessary condition is given for a K-bianalytic function to have a zero arc which has a parameter equation \(\bar{z}(k)=\gamma(z(k))\) where \(\gamma\) is an analytic function in a region D(k). Finally, the traits of a K-bianalytic function which has a zero arc, even straight, one of whose ends is a \((c_1,c_2)-\)th pole at z = 0, are discussed. Some examples are also shown for our topic.
Assessing the Competitiveness: Afghanistan’s Fresh Grapes Export Performance in the Global Market
Authors: Wardak Fahimullah , Venkataramana M. N. , Wardak Fasihullah , Auobi Abdul Manan
Published: November 2024

This study assesses Afghanistan’s fresh grapes export competitiveness using methods like CAGR for growth, CDVI for instability, and RCA/RSCA for comparative advantage. It also applied the NPC to evaluate price competitiveness, Markov Chain Analysis to track export patterns, and the Bai-Perron test to identify structural breaks, providing a comprehensive analysis of Afghanistan's global market position during 2008 to 2023. Fresh grapes, was one of the important components of Afghanistan’s agricultural exports, grew considerably in both quantity and value, though their export performance was marked by notable instability. The study highlighted that, Afghanistan had moderate competitiveness in the world market, aided by favorable climatic conditions. However, a low NPC suggested limited trade protection, as domestic prices for Afghan grapes remained below international prices. Comparative analyses showed that, while Chile’s export volumes were declined and value growth held steady due to rising prices. Peru achieved robust export growth despite moderate instability. Italy focused on high quality grapes production primarily for domestic consumption, ensuing with low instability. Pakistan emerged as the most consistent market for Afghan fresh grapes, showed a steady demand that supported Afghanistan’s competitive position in regional trade. Structural breaks in 2015 and 2019 found export volume shifts, with an initial increase from better market access, followed by a decline due to COVID-19. Since 2015, export values declined due to market constraints and economic factors, but recovered strongly with favorable weather and government policy adjustments.
Yield Performance of Pangasius sutchi with Carps in Farm Ponds of Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India
Authors: N Chethan , T. J Ramesha , N Manjappa , Kedarnath  , R. Rashmi , R. Shivakumar , K. R. Amogha
Published: November 2024

Farm ponds are the major water storage facilities available for the farming community and majority of the farming community face scarcity of water during the summer months. Dakshina Kannada being the coastal district, majority of the population is dependent on marine fisheries for fish nutrition. Pangasius sutchi is an omnivore and bottom feeder, feeding on variety of plant and animal protein (Philippe 1998). Composite fish culture of carps with Pangasius sutchi using farm ponds was carried for three years in various parts of the district, Pangasius sutchi under composite fish culture with carps exhibited better growth with a mean growth of 0.948+0.33, 0.961 +0.20 and 0.901+0.16 kg during 2019-20, 2020-21 and 2021-22 respectively. Pangasius sutchi and Catla performed better in terms of growth in farm ponds under the composite culture system giving more benefits to the farmer. The total yield varied with a minimum of 68.45 qtl/ ha in 2020- 21 and a maximum of 72.69 qtl/ha during 2019- 20.
Agency Or The Age Of Marriage: A Study Of Female Characters In Githa Hariharan’s The Thousand Faces Of Night
Authors: Narayanan Ms. Dana
Published: November 2024

The present paper is written in the backdrop of the new legislation that specified women’s legal age of marriage in India as 21 and the debates it raised. The paper basically takes the view that women’s liberation is not tied with her legal age of consent or educational qualifications alone. By analyzing three female characters of the novel The Thousand Faces of Night by Githa Hariharan, it argues that women’s liberation is a question of women gaining agency. The first part of the paper gives a brief description of the ongoing debate about the legal age of marriage for women. The second part of the paper is an analysis of the three major female characters of the novel The Thousand Faces of Night. These three characters are the female protagonist Devi, her mother Sita, and the female servant Mayamma. All of them have made sacrifices for their families and lost their own selves. Based on the analysis of these characters, the paper argues that education or the legal age of marriage alone cannot provide the circumstances for women’s liberation. The real issue is women gaining agency. The paper makes the conclusion that unless and until women gain agency, their struggle against patriarchy and the patriarchal family will be incomplete.
Comparasion Of Clinico-Demographic, Histologic Parameters Between Oral Cancer And Precancer – Retrospective Study
Authors: B.D.S Dr.V. Sharon Raj , Uppala Dr. Divya
Published: November 2024

Background: India ranks 3rd in the prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the world, Oral epithelial dysplasia is highly prevalent in the country. This can be seen due to a myriad of oral habits which includes smokeless tobacco chewing. Materials and methods: One-year retrospective study to assess the prevalence and incidence of various tobacco and non- tobacco derived OED and OSCC. Results: Most commonly associated habit with both OSCC and OED is smokeless. Age greater than 50 years are more commonly affected with OSCC while in case of OED age less than 50 years are commonly affected. Majority of the severe grade of OED is associated with leukoplakic patches. Conclusion: Many of the results were seen to be similar to studies done around the world except the occurrence of Grade of OED with a particular clinical presentation. Hence, morestudies need to be conducted in this area
Effect Of Online Sessions On Pregnant Mother’s Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Knowledge And Practice
Authors: Ibrahim Mai Ibrahim Hamdy , El-Sayed Hanan El-Sayed Mohamed , A Yousif
Published: November 2024

Background: Breastfeeding self-efficacy is an important motivating factor that influences breastfeeding success. Aim: To evaluate effect of online educational sessions on pregnant mothers ‘breastfeeding self-efficacy during pandemics. Study design: A quasi- experimental design was conducted. Study Setting: The study was conducted in antenatal clinic at new general hospital. Study subjects: A purposive sample of 212 pregnant mothers who were chosen according to eligible criteria. Tools: A structured interviewing schedule, it consists of Socio- demographic & Obstetrical data of the studied Pregnant mother, and studied pregnant mother’s knowledge toward breastfeeding self-efficacy questionnaire, and breastfeeding self-efficacy scale–form. Results: The present study results shows that there was a highly statistically significant differences in intervention group for total knowledge score of self-efficacy as it raised from 12.37± 5.16 to 19.41±2.20 with p<0.0001, also, there was a highly statistically significant differences in intervention group for total breastfeeding self-efficacy pre and post the intervention as p=(<0.0001), also, there was a strong positive correlation between total knowledge score of selfefficacy, socio- demographic & obstetrical data of the studied pregnant mother as increasing total knowledge score usually associated with improve breastfeeding self-efficacy practice score post intervention. Conclusion: Online sessions had significant positive effects on self- efficacy knowledge, also practice of the intervention group regarding breastfeeding. Recommendation: Implementing online sessions to improve pregnant women’s selfefficacy regarding breastfeeding in different setting
Validity Of The Environment, Attitudes, Temperament, And Sensory Feeding Assessment For Effectively Addressing Sensory-Based Feeding
Authors: Carsone Blair , Smith Bryce
Published: November 2024

Feeding is a complex, learned occupation for which children may receive rehabilitative services. This research outlines the third phase of research, which sought to determine the discriminant validity of the Environment, Attitudes, Temperament, and Sensory (EATS) Feeding Assessment. The current study aimed to answer the question, “Do EATS Feeding Assessment scores significantly differ between children with and without feeding difficulties?” This quantitative study consisted of a caregiver survey that was initiated after receiving approval from the institutional review board. Convenience sampling through social media flyers recruited parents and caregivers of children who were typically and atypically developing. The revised EATS Feeding Assessment (third version) questions were entered into an anonymous online survey. The assessment was submitted to parents and caregivers of children with and without feeding difficulties between the ages of 24 months to 10 years 11 months. Data from the EATS assessment illustrated the ability of the assessment to differentiate those with and without feeding difficulties. After statistical analysis, the findings were significant, and the EATS Feeding Assessment was determined to have discriminant validity. The assessment should now undergo testing to determine if the EATS Feeding Assessment is appropriate as an outcome measure.
Direitos Das Minorias E Cidadania: Desafios Para A Inclusão Social E Igualdade De Oportunidades
Authors: Silva Igor Talarico Da , Lima Agnaldo Braga , Silva José Antônio Da , Oliveira Diego Nascimento De , Lima Odaíze Do Socorro Ferreira Cavalcante
Published: November 2024

Este artigo examina os desafios e as complexidades associadas à promoção dos direitos das minorias e da cidadania plena, com foco na inclusão social e na igualdade de oportunidades. Em sociedades modernas e democráticas, a cidadania implica não apenas o acesso a direitos políticos, mas também a direitos civis, sociais e econômicos fundamentais. Entretanto, a realização plena desses direitos para todos, especialmente para grupos minoritários, permanece uma meta distante em muitas nações, devido a uma combinação de fatores históricos, culturais e institucionais. Minorias, como grupos étnicos, raciais, de gênero, religiosos, LGBTQIA+, e pessoas com deficiências, frequentemente enfrentam barreiras significativas no acesso a direitos e oportunidades, resultando em desigualdades que se perpetuam ao longo de gerações. O conceito de cidadania, historicamente construído, evoluiu para abranger a participação plena na vida pública e o gozo de condições básicas para uma vida digna. No entanto, para muitos grupos minoritários, esses direitos são limitados por barreiras sociais e
O Papel Do Direito Ambiental Na Proteção Dos Ecossistemas: Desafios E Perspectivas Globais
Authors: Lopes Líliam Dos Reis , Oliveira Diego Nascimento De , Silva Igor Talarico Da , Dutra Yuri Fedrigo , Lima Odaíze Do Socorro Ferreira Cavalcante
Published: November 2024

O direito ambiental desempenha um papel crucial na proteção dos ecossistemas, especialmente em um mundo marcado por desafios ambientais crescentes, como mudanças climáticas, poluição e perda de biodiversidade. Este campo do direito busca regular as interações entre os seres humanos e o meio ambiente, promovendo um desenvolvimento sustentável que respeite as necessidades das gerações presentes e futuras. O conceito de ecossistemas abrange a interdependência entre organismos vivos e seu ambiente, incluindo fatores bióticos e abióticos. A proteção legal dos ecossistemas é fundamental para garantir a manutenção da biodiversidade e a integridade dos serviços ecossistêmicos, que são essenciais para a sobrevivência humana, como a purificação da água, a polinização das plantas e o controle de pragas. Apesar dos avanços na legislação ambiental em muitos países, ainda existem desafios significativos na implementação e enforcement dessas leis. Entre os principais obstáculos estão a falta de recursos financeiros, a corrupção, a ausência de conscientização pública e a fragilidade das instituições responsáveis pela proteção ambiental. Esses fatores podem levar à degradação ambiental e ao comprometimento dos direitos humanos, especialmente em comunidades vulneráveis que dependem diretamente dos recursos naturais para sua subsistência. As perspectivas globais para o direito ambiental incluem a necessidade de um fortalecimento da cooperação internacional. Acordos multilaterais, como o Acordo de Paris e a Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica, destacam a importância da colaboração entre nações para enfrentar desafios transnacionais. Além disso, o reconhecimento dos direitos da natureza e a incorporação de princípios de justiça ambiental e social são tendências que estão ganhando força, refletindo uma crescente demanda por justiça intergeracional e equidade no acesso aos recursos naturais. As inovações tecnológicas também apresentam oportunidades e desafios para o direito ambiental. A utilização de tecnologias digitais para monitoramento ambiental, gestão de resíduos e educação ambiental pode melhorar a eficácia das políticas e a conscientização pública. No entanto, é crucial garantir que essas tecnologias sejam acessíveis e não criem novas formas de desigualdade. Em conclusão, o papel do direito ambiental na proteção dos ecossistemas é complexo e multifacetado. Enfrentar os desafios atuais e futuros requer uma abordagem integrada que considere aspectos jurídicos, sociais, econômicos e tecnológicos. Somente por meio da colaboração e do compromisso global será possível assegurar a proteção dos ecossistemas e promover um futuro sustentável para todos.
Direitos Fundamentais E Abordagens Policiais: A Legalidade Das Ações De Segurança Pública Sob A Ótica Constitucional
Authors: Silva Igor Talarico Da , Lopes Líliam Dos Reis , Oliveira Diego Nascimento De , Dutra Yuri Fedrigo , Lima Odaíze Do Socorro Ferreira Cavalcante
Published: November 2024

O tema "Direitos Fundamentais e Abordagens Policiais: A Legalidade das Ações de Segurança Pública sob a Ótica Constitucional" aborda a complexa interseção entre os direitos fundamentais dos cidadãos e a atuação das forças policiais em um estado democrático de direito. A segurança pública é uma das principais funções do Estado, mas sua execução não deve ocorrer em detrimento dos direitos e garantias individuais consagrados na Constituição.A Constituição Federal de 1988, ao estabelecer os direitos fundamentais, assegura a dignidade da pessoa humana e o respeito à liberdade e à igualdade. No entanto, a prática policial muitas vezes revela tensões entre a necessidade de garantir a segurança pública e a proteção dos direitos individuais. Abordagens policiais que desconsideram esses direitos podem resultar em abusos, violência e violação de garantias constitucionais, gerando um ciclo de desconfiança entre a população e as instituições
Educação Em Saúde E A Promoção Do Envelhecimento Saudável: Estratégias Para A Terceira Idade
Authors: Maurício Alex Aryel Ribas , Chiacchio Simon Skarabone Rodrigues , Ribeiro Elidiane De Carvalho , Lima Odaíze Do Socorro Ferreira Cavalcante , Lima Agnaldo Braga
Published: November 2024

O artigo aborda a educação em saúde como uma estratégia central para promover o envelhecimento saudável, especialmente diante do envelhecimento populacional crescente. Com o aumento da expectativa de vida, é fundamental desenvolver abordagens educativas voltadas à terceira idade, que priorizem a manutenção da autonomia e da qualidade de vida. A educação em saúde para idosos envolve orientações que incentivem a prevenção de doenças e o cultivo de hábitos saudáveis, como a prática de atividades físicas, uma nutrição balanceada e o engajamento em atividades sociais. Esse tipo de educação permite que os idosos compreendam os cuidados necessários para gerenciar condições crônicas comuns, como diabetes, hipertensão e problemas de mobilidade, o que contribui para o aumento do bem-estar e a diminuição do declínio funcional ao longo do tempo. O artigo destaca a importância da educação em saúde como um instrumento para o autocuidado. Idosos que entendem melhor suas condições e são informados sobre práticas saudáveis tornam-se mais autônomos na
Self‐Assembled Metal‐Phenolic Nanoparticles for Enhanced Synergistic Combination Therapy against Colon Cancer
Authors: Li Ke , Dai Yunlu , Chen Wen , Yu Kang , Xiao Gao , Richardson Joseph J. , Huang Wen , Guo Junling , Liao Xuepin , Shi Bi
Published: November 2018

Engineering functional nanomaterials to have both high therapeutic efficacy and minimal side‐effects has become a promising strategy for next‐generation cancer treatments. Herein, an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion and reactive oxygen species‐enhanced combination chemotherapy platform is introduced whereby therapeutic samarium (Sm3+) ions and (−)‐epicatechin (EC) are integrated via a metal‐phenolic network (SmIII‐EC). The independent pathway between Sm3+ and EC can achieve a synergistic therapeutic effect through the mitochondrial dysfunction process. SmIII‐EC nanoparticles cause a significant reduction of viability of C26 murine colon carcinoma cells while with lower systemic toxic effects on normal cell lines. SmIII‐EC nanoparticles are used to directly compare with a clinic anticancer drug 5‐fluorouracil. SmIII‐EC nanoparticles not only decrease the tumor volume but also do not affect the body weight of mice and normal organs, showing significant advantages over clinic counterpart. These facts suggest that SmIII‐EC nanoparticles represent a clinically promising candidate for colon cancer treatment with a targeted therapeutic effect and minimum side toxicity.
An Adaptable Nanoplatform for Integrating Anatomic and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging under a 3.0 T Magnetic Field
Authors: Shen Aijun , Meng Xianfu , Gao Xiaolong , Xu Xiaowen , Shao Chulun , Tang Zhongmin , Liu Yanyan , Bu Wenbo , Wang Peijun
Published: November 2018

It is well known that acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) is very important for tumor' growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. In addition, accurate diagnosis of the solid tumors' acidic microenviroment based on the precise location of their site is especially essential for the further treatment and prognostic evaluation of cancer. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used for clinical cancer diagnosis, there are still enormous challenges left for developing MRI agents which integrate anatomic imaging for tumor site location with functional imaging for pH evaluation, especially for medium or high magnetic field machines. Herein, an innovative strategy is proposed to incorporate anatomic imaging (T1‐weighted imaging, T1WI) with functional imaging (susceptibility weighted imaging, SWI) using one 3.0 T MRI scanner on an adaptable nanoplatform namely, NaGdF4@polydopamine@polyethylene glycol (PEG), which can self‐aggregate under the specific low pH in TME to realize regulatory susceptibility. Moreover, the nanoplatform performs well in tumor accurately location as well as pH sensitively perception. Most importantly, the strategy not only fuses two MRI models on one nanoplatform using one 3.0 T machine to extend the application range but also provides a new insight for the design of other novel imaging agents.
Replicating the Defect Structures on Ultrathin Rh Nanowires with Pt to Achieve Superior Electrocatalytic Activity toward Ethanol Oxidation
Authors: Liu Kai , Wang Wei , Guo Penghui , Ye Jinyu , Wang Yuanyuan , Li Pingting , Lyu Zixi , Geng Yongsheng , Liu Maochang , Xie Shuifen
Published: November 2018

Metal nanostructures with an ultrathin Pt skin and abundant surface defects are attractive for electrocatalytic applications owing to the increased utilization efficiency of Pt atoms and the presence of highly reactive sites. This paper reports a conformal, layer‐by‐layer deposition of Pt atoms on defective Rh nanowires for the faithful replication of surface defects (i.e., grain boundaries) on the Rh nanowires. The thickness of the Pt shell can be controlled from one monolayer up to 5.3 atomic layers. This series of Rh@PtnL (n = 1–5.3) core–sheath nanowires show greatly enhanced activity and durability in catalyzing the ethanol oxidation reaction in an acidic medium. Among others, the Rh @ Pt3.5L nanowires show the greatest mass activity (809 mA mg−1Pt) and specific activity (1.18 mA cm−2) after loaded on carbon support, which are 3.7 and 3.4 times those of the commercial Pt/C, respectively. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies indicate an enhanced interaction between the outermost Pt layer and the Rh nanowire can promote CC bond cleavage for complete oxidation of ethanol to CO2 while depress the dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetic acid. As the Pt shell thickness is increased, the selectivity for the CO2 pathway decreases while that for acetic acid is increased.
High‐Temperature Large‐Scale Self‐Assembly of Highly Faceted Monocrystalline Au Metasurfaces
Authors: Fusco Zelio , Rahmani Mohsen , Bo Renheng , Tran‐Phu Thanh , Lockrey Mark , Motta Nunzio , Neshev Dragomir , Tricoli Antonio
Published: November 2018

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) devices based on resonant metallic metasurfaces have shown disruptive potential for many applications including biosensing and photocatalysis. Despite significant progress, highly performing Au plasmonic nanotextures often suffer of suboptimal electric field enhancement, due to damping effects in multicrystalline domains. Fabricating well‐defined Au nanocrystals over large surfaces is very challenging, and usually requires time‐intensive multi‐step processes. Here, presented are first insights on the large‐scale self‐assembly of monocrystalline Au nano‐islands with tunable size and separation, and their application as efficient LSPR surfaces. Highly homogeneous centimeter‐sized Au metasurfaces are fabricated by one‐step deposition and in situ coalescence of hot nanoparticle aerosols into a discontinuous monolayer of highly faceted monocrystals. First insights on the mechanisms driving the high‐temperature synthesis of these highly faceted Au nanotextures are obtained by molecular dynamic and detailed experimental investigation of their growth kinetics. Notably, these metasurfaces demonstrat high‐quality and tunable LSPR, enabling the fabrication of highly performing optical gas molecule sensors detecting down to 3 × 10−6 variations in refractive index at room temperature. It is believed that these findings provide a rapid, low‐cost nanofabrication tool for the engineering of highly homogenous Au metasurfaces for large‐scale LSPR devices with application ranging from ultrasensitive optical gas sensors to photocatalytic macroreactors.
Direct Observation of Core–Shell Structures in Individual Lead Titanate Ferroelectric Nanostructures by Tip‐Enhanced Refractive Index Mapping
Authors: Nicklaus Mischa , Kolhatkar Gitanjali , Plathier Julien , Dab Chahinez , Ruediger Andreas
Published: November 2018

Ferroelectrics undergo a size‐driven phase transition at the nanoscale below which the spontaneous polarization, their defining property, irrevocably ceases. This threshold often referred to as the superparaelectric limit has tremendous technological relevance in an era of progressing integration. Just as the balance of short‐range elastic and long‐range electrostatic ordering in bulk, the critical size depends on temperature. Room‐temperature tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) imaging of individual lead titanate (PbTiO3) nanoislands is reported with a spatial resolution of ≈3 nm. Monitoring the spectral shift of the gold‐tip enhanced luminescence, which depends on the local refractive index, images grains composing the nanoislands. The wavelength of the enhanced luminescence shifts between the grains and their boundaries indicating the predicted core–shell structure of ferroelectric and paraelectric phase. The shear force configuration rules out the distance dependence of capacitive plasmonic coupling between tip and substrate as the origin of the observed shift. As the reported temperature‐changes in nonresonant TERS do not account for noticeable thermal effects, the underlying, even though weak, tip‐enhanced Raman spectrum of the grain core reflects PbTiO3 close to the ferroelectric‐to‐paraelectric phase transition which is primarily related to the finite size of the grains.
Mussel‐Inspired Flexible, Durable, and Conductive Fibers Manufacturing for Finger‐Monitoring Sensors
Authors: Zhu Chuang , Guan Xinyi , Wang Xi , Li Yi , Chalmers Evelyn , Liu Xuqing
Published: November 2018

Here a bioinspired facile and versatile method is reported for fabricating highly durable, washable, and electrically conductive fibers and yarns. Self‐polymerized dopamine plays as adherent layers for substrates and then captures Pd2+ catalyst for subsequent metal deposition on substrates. The Pd2+ ions are chelated and partially reduced to nanoparticles by polydopamine (PDA)‐modified substrates and the catalytic performance is investigated in surface electroless deposition. Importantly, this is the first report about PDA as both ligand and enhancement in Pd catalyst system, and the mechanism of their excellent catalytic performance is studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This approach can be extended as a general method for fabricating conductors from all kinds of substrates and precursory research about PDA/Pd catalyst application in surface catalysis.
Substrate‐Dependent Electrochemical Dimethoxylation of Olefins
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Li Lijun , Wu Ping , Gong Pengjuan , Liu Rui , Xu Kun
Published: November 2018

A general and direct electrochemical dimethoxylation of olefins is reported, which enables a divergent route to different products depending on the structure of olefins. The present protocol features mild conditions and broad substrate scope (49 examples) obviating the usage of transtion‐metals and external oxidants. More importantly, to rationalize the divergent route of the transformation, an ionic‐like pathway involving carbocation intermediate is proposed and the diverse products is attributed to the different stability of carbocations.

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Metal‐Free Cyclocarboamination of ortho‐Formyl Phenylacetylenes with Secondary Amines: Access to 1,3‐Diamino‐1H‐Indenes and 3‐Amino‐1‐Indanones
Authors: Cui Jian‐Fang , Tang Rishi , Yang Bin , Lai Nathanael Chun‐Him , Jiang Jia‐Jun , Deng Jie‐Ren , Wong Man‐Kin
Published: November 2018

This work first discloses a new strategy for amine activation to give reactive amine anion by in situ generated iminium cation‐amine anion pair through decomposition of sterically hindered aminals. Utilizing this strategy, a highly regio‐ and chemoselective cyclocarboamination of ortho‐formyl phenylacetylenes with secondary amines has been realized under metal‐free mild reaction conditions. The cyclocarboamination with notably tunable product profiles depends on the separation and purification procedure, a diverse range of 1, 3‐diamino‐1H‐indenes (essentially reactive enamines) and 3‐amino‐1‐indanones were obtained, respectively. Moreover, using iodine as an electrophile to couple with various ortho‐formyl phenylacetylenes and secondary amines, a series of 3‐amino‐2‐iodo‐1‐indanones were efficiently achieved with four bonds (C=O, C−C, C−N and C−I) formation in an one‐pot three‐component reaction. These results demonstrated an unprecedented methodology for the construction of highly functionalized 1H‐indene and 1‐indanone compounds.

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Idiopathic neutropenia of infancy: Data from the Italian Neutropenia Registry
Authors: Farruggia Piero , Fioredda Francesca , Puccio Giuseppe , Onofrillo Daniela , Russo Giovanna , Barone Angelica , Bonanomi Sonia , Boscarol Gianluca , Finocchi Andrea , Ghilardi Roberta , Giordano Paola , Ladogana Saverio , Lassandro Giuseppe , Luti Laura , Lanza Tiziana , Mandaglio Rosalba , Marra Nicoletta , Martire Baldassare , Mastrodicasa Elena , Motta Milena , Notarangelo Lucia Dora , Pillon Marta , Porretti Laura , Serafinelli Jessica , Trizzino Angela , Tucci Fabio , Veltroni Marinella , Verzegnassi Federico , Ramenghi Ugo , Dufour Carlo
Published: November 2018

Autoimmune neutropenia of infancy (AIN) is characterized by low risk of severe infection, tendency to spontaneously resolve and typically onset at ≤4–5 years of age; it is due to auto‐antibodies whose detection is often difficult. In case of negativity of 4 antineutrophils autoantibody tests, after having excluded ethnic, postinfection, drug induced, or congenital neutropenia, according to the Italian guidelines the patients will be defined as affected by “idiopathic neutropenia” (IN). We describe the characteristics of 85 IN patients enrolled in the Italian neutropenia registry: they were compared with 336 children affected by AIN. The 2 groups were clinically very similar and the main differences were detection age (later in IN), length of disease (longer in IN) and, among recovered patients, age of spontaneous recovery: the median age at resolution was 2.13 years in AINs and 3.03 years in INs (P = .00002). At bivariate analysis among AIN patients earlier detection age (P = .00013), male sex (P = .000748), absence of leucopenia (P = .0045), and absence of monocytosis (P = .0419) were significantly associated with earlier recovery; in the IN group only detection age (P = .013) and absence of monocytosis (P = .0333) were significant. At multivariate analysis detection age and absence of monocytosis were independently significant (P = 6.7e‐05 and 4.4e‐03, respectively) in the AIN group, whereas in the IN group only detection age stayed significant (P = .013).
Bilingual children with autism spectrum disorders: The impact of amount of language exposure on vocabulary and morphological skills at school age
Authors: Gonzalez‐Barrero Ana Maria , Nadig Aparna
Published: November 2018

Studies of bilingual children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have focused on early language development using parent report measures. However, the effect of bilingual exposure on more complex linguistic abilities is unknown. In the current study, we examined the impact of amount of language exposure on vocabulary and morphological skills in school‐aged children with ASD who did not have intellectual disability. Forty‐seven typically developing children and 30 children with ASD with varying exposure to French participated in the study. We investigated the impact of amount of language exposure, nonverbal IQ, age, and working memory on language abilities via regression analyses. Current amount of language exposure was the strongest predictor of both vocabulary skills (accounting for 62% of the variance) and morphological skills (accounting for 49% of the variance), for both typically‐developing children and children with ASD. These findings highlight the central role amount of language exposure plays in vocabulary and morphological development for children with ASD, as it does for typically‐developing children. In addition, they provide further evidence that, when provided with adequate language exposure, many children with ASD are capable of acquiring two languages. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1667–1678. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

We studied typically developing children and children with ASD living in a bilingual society who had varying exposure to French (ranging from bilinguals to monolinguals). We investigated the impact of amount of language exposure, nonverbal IQ, age, and working memory on their vocabulary and morphological skills. Current amount of language exposure was the strongest predictor of language skills in both groups of children. Findings indicate that when provided with adequate language exposure, many children with ASD are capable of acquiring two languages.
Estimation in the progressive illness‐death model: A nonexhaustive review
Authors: Meira‐Machado Luís , Sestelo Marta
Published: November 2018

Multistate models can be successfully used for describing complex event history data, for example, describing stages in the disease progression of a patient. The so‐called “illness‐death” model plays a central role in the theory and practice of these models. Many time‐to‐event datasets from medical studies with multiple end points can be reduced to this generic structure. In these models one important goal is the modeling of transition rates but biomedical researchers are also interested in reporting interpretable results in a simple and summarized manner. These include estimates of predictive probabilities, such as the transition probabilities, occupation probabilities, cumulative incidence functions, and the sojourn time distributions. We will give a review of some of the available methods for estimating such quantities in the progressive illness‐death model conditionally (or not) on covariate measures. For some of these quantities estimators based on subsampling are employed. Subsampling, also referred to as landmarking, leads to small sample sizes and usually to heavily censored data leading to estimators with higher variability. To overcome this issue estimators based on a preliminary estimation (presmoothing) of the probability of censoring may be used. Among these, the presmoothed estimators for the cumulative incidences are new. We also introduce feasible estimation methods for the cumulative incidence function conditionally on covariate measures. The proposed methods are illustrated using real data. A comparative simulation study of several estimation approaches is performed and existing software in the form of R packages is discussed.