bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exponential Genetic Algorithm-Based Stable and Load-Aware QoS Routing Protocol for MANET
Authors: Rama Rao A. , Valli Kumari V. , Satyananda Reddy Ch.
Published: September 2016

As the actual links in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are dynamic, the feasible path generated may not exist during the transmission of multimedia data. There is a need for generating multiple paths for guaranteed transmission. The multi-path finding can be achieved through a genetic-based algorithm that faces the major challenge in quality-of-service (QoS)-aware routing. To enhance the QoS communication over the MANETs, an exponential genetic algorithm (GA)-based stable and load-aware QoS routing protocol (SLAQR) is proposed in this paper. This paper chiefly focuses on the enhancement of the GA-based routing algorithm by including exponential function in the searching process and modifying the fitness function, which incorporates QoS metrics like the node’s static resource capacity, dynamic resource availability, neighborhood quality, and link quality. The originality of the proposed protocol comes from the fact that it introduces multiple parameters into the route quality computation and integrates the exponential function into the GA. For experimental validation, the simulation of the proposed method is done and the results are compared with existing protocols such as GAQR (GA-Based QoS Routing), QMRB-AODV (QoS Mobile Routing Backbone Over Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing), and EISGA (Ensemble of Immigrant Strategies with Genetic Algorithm). From the outcome, we conclude that the delivery ratio, throughput, and delay of our proposed SLAQR approach have improved the GAQR approach by 58%, 56%, and 97%, respectively.
Multiple Watermarking for Healthcare Applications
Authors: Zear Aditi , Singh Amit Kumar , Kumar Pardeep
Published: September 2016

In this paper, an algorithm for multiple digital watermarking based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transform (DCT), and singular value decomposition (SVD) was proposed for healthcare applications such as tele-ophthalmology, tele-medicine, tele-diagnosis, and tele-consultancy services. Multiple watermarks were used in this algorithm to reduce the consequences of medical identity thefts. In the embedding process, the cover medical image was decomposed into third-level DWT. Low-frequency bands (LH2 and LL3) were transformed by DCT, and then SVD was applied to DCT coefficients. Two watermarks in the form of images were also transformed by DCT and then SVD. The singular values of the watermark information were embedded in the singular value of the cover medical image. Watermarks were extracted using an extraction algorithm. In order to enhance the robustness performance of the image watermarks, back-propagation neural network was applied to the extracted watermarks to reduce the effects of different noise applied on the watermarked image. Results were obtained by varying the gain factor and the different cover image modalities. Experimental results were provided to illustrate that the proposed method is able to withstand a variety of signal processing attacks, and has been found to give excellent performance in terms of robustness and imperceptibility. The performance of the method was also compared with other reported techniques. Further, the visual quality of the proposed method was also evaluated by a subjective method.
Cosmetic surgery: medicolegal considerations
Authors: Piras Mauro , Delbon Paola , Conti Adelaide , Graziano Vincenzo , Capasso Emanuele , Niola Massimo , Bin Paola
Published: September 2016

Cosmetic surgery is one of the two branches of plastic surgery. The characteristic of non-necessity of this surgical speciality implies an increased severity in the evaluation of the risk-benefit balance. Therefore, great care must be taken in providing all the information necessary in order to obtain valid consent to the intervention. We analyzed judgments concerning cosmetic surgery found in national legal databases. A document of National Bioethics Committee (CNB) was also analyzed. Conclusion: The receipt of valid, informed consent is of absolute importance not only to legitimise the medical-surgical act, but it also represents the key element in the question concerning the existence of an obligation to achieve certain results/use of certain methods in the cosmetic surgery.
Platelet Rich Plasma: a short overview of certain bioactive components
Authors: Pavlovic Voja , Ciric Milan , Jovanovic Vladimir , Stojanovic Predrag
Published: September 2016

Platelet rich plasma (PRP) represents a relatively new approach in regenerative medicine. It is obtained from patient’s own blood and contains different growth factors and other biomolecules necessary for wound healing. Since there are various protocols for PRP preparing, it usually results with PRP generation with different amounts of bioactive substances, which finally may modulate the intensity of wound healing. The reference data about potential effect of some PRP compounds on wound healing, in different tissues, are still controversial. This review summarizes recently known facts about physiological role of certain PRP components and guidance for further research. Also, this review discusses different procedure for PRP generation and potential effect of leukocytes on wound healing.
Impact of sensory integration training on balance among stroke patients: sensory integration training on balance among stroke patients
Authors: Jang Sang Hun , Lee Jung-Ho
Published: September 2016

This study attempts to investigate the impact that the sensory integration training has on the recovery of balance among patients with stroke by examining the muscle activity and limit of stability (LOS). A total of 28 subjects participated. The subjects were randomly allocated by the computer program to one of two groups: control (CON) group (n=15), sensory integration training (SIT) group (n=13). The research subjects received intervention five days a week for a total of four weeks. The CON group additionally received 30-minute general balance training, while the SIT group additionally received 30-minute sensory integration training. In the muscle activity, the improvement of Erector spinae (ES) and Gluteus medius (GM) was more significant in the SIT group than in the CON group. In the LOS, the improvement of affected side and forward side was significantly higher in the SIT group compared to the CON group. Sensory integration training can improve balance ability of patients with stroke by increasing muscle activity of stance limb muscles such as GM and trunk extensor such as ES along with enhancement of the limit of stability.
Morphology and photoresponse of crystalline antimony film grown on mica by physical vapor deposition
Authors: Shafa Muhammad , Wang Zhiming , Naz Muhammad Yasin , Akbar Sadaf , Farooq Muhammad Umar , Ghaffar Abdul
Published: September 2016

Antimony is a promising material for the fabrication of photodetectors. This study deals with the growth of a photosensitive thin film by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) of antimony onto mica surface in a furnace tube. The geometry of the grown structures was studied via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and elemental diffraction analysis. XRD peaks of the antimony film grown on mica mostly matched with JCPDF Card. The formation of rhombohedral crystal structures in the film was further confirmed by SEM micrographs and chemical composition analysis. The Hall measurements revealed good electrical conductivity of the film with bulk carrier concentration of the order of 1022 Ω·cm-3 and mobility of 9.034 cm2/Vs. The grown film was successfully tested for radiation detection. The photoresponse of the film was evaluated using its current-voltage characteristics. These investigations revealed that the photosensitivity of the antimony film was 20 times higher than that of crystalline germanium.
The Changing Face of the Arabic Bible:
Translation Techniques in Early Renditions of
Ezekiel
Authors: Hjälm Miriam L.
Published: September 2016

This article presents a study of Ezekiel 1 in five unpublished Christian Arabic manuscripts
dated from the ninth to the fourteenth centuries. We will demonstrate that the manuscripts, in principal,
represent two different versions. Both versions are based on the Syriac Peshiṭṭa but various degrees of
influence from the Septuagint are evident. Our main aim is to examine the approach to translation exhibited
in the manuscripts. In general, the earliest witness represents a literal translation which pays attention to
structural affinity but allows for minor deviations, mainly omissions for the sake of the target language. In
the younger manuscripts, an increasing number of additions are introduced as a means of commenting,
clarifying and ornamenting the biblical narrative. It appears that texts in the traditional liturgical languages
were still in use, which explains their non-literal and target-oriented character.
A comparative study performance of cationic organic montmorillonite prepared by different methods
Authors: Zhou Daojin , Zhang Zepeng , Tang Jialun , Wu Sanqin , Zhao Jiali
Published: September 2016

In this paper, cationic organic montmorillonites (OMts) were prepared by dry, semi-dry, and wet methods. The structures and properties of these OMts according to the modification methods were studied. By the characterization of XRD, TG-DTA, lipophilicity, and thixotropy, the results showed that cationic OMt prepared by wet method with sufficient surfactants had better properties, including contact angle, swelling capacity, thixotropic loop area, and thermal stability compared with cationic OMt prepared by dry and semi-dry methods. Attention should be paid that with low ratio amount of surfactants used, cationic OMt prepared by the semi-dry method had favorable properties compared with cationic OMt prepared by wet method, and it had the potential to be applied in industrial field due to its environment-friendly and modification efficiency characteristics.
Antioxidant potential of some natural and semi-synthetic flavonoid derivatives and the extracts from Maclura pomifera (Rafin.) Schneider (osage orange) and its essential oil composition
Authors: Orhan Ilkay Erdogan , Senol Fatma Sezer , Demirci Betül , Dvorska Margita , Smejkal Karel , Zemlicka Milan
Published: September 2016

Objective

The antioxidant potential of various extracts were obtained from the leaf and fruit of Maclura pomifera (Rafin.) Schneider (Moraceae) along with its major isoflavonoids; osajin and pomiferin, their semi-synthetic derivatives; iso-osajin and iso-pomiferin and macluraxanthone, which were assayed.

Methods

The extracts and compounds were subjected to six experimental models including 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine (DMPD+), and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity, metal-chelating capacity, ferric- (FRAP) and phosphomolibdenum-reducing antioxidant power (PRAP) assays by using ELISA methods.

Results

The fruit aqueous extract exerted higher scavenging activity against DMPD and NO radicals, while the fruit ethyl acetate extract was the most active against DPPH radical (68.61±2.53%). Among the tested compounds, the highest DPPH (91.74±0.26%) and DMPD (30.63±1.31%) radical scavenging effect was observed with macluraxanthone, while pomiferin and iso-pomiferin exhibited better activity than osajin and iso-osajin in all assays except the metal-chelation capacity assay. Phytol was the major compound in both the leaf oils, while the fruit essential oil contained β-caryophyllene as the main component (69.3%).

Discussion and Conclusion

The current study covers particularly antioxidant capacity of iso-osajin, iso-pomiferin, and macluraxanthone by the aforementioned methods and, among them; pomiferin seems to be a natural possible antioxidant agent.
Adenosine deaminase activity and zinc levels in the serum of patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Turkal Rana , Bahadır Göksel , Döventaş Yasemin Erdoğan , Haklar Goncagül , Şirikçi Önder , Koldaş Macit
Published: September 2016

Objective

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) specifically catalyzes the deamination of adenosine which has been proved to play an important role in modulation of insulin action on glucose metabolism. Zinc is an essential micronutrient that is directly involved in the physiology of insulin and may be an important agent to activate the ADA. We aimed to evaluate serum ADA activity, zinc levels and the relationship between these two parameters in diabetes mellitus.

Methods

We investigated serum ADA activity and zinc levels in type I (n = 100) and type II diabetes mellitus patients (n = 151).

Results

ADA activities of diabetic patients were significantly elevated, whereas zinc levels were significantly lower than those of healthy controls (p < 0.001). Compared with the well-controlled diabetic patient groups (HbA1c < 7%), the poorly controlled diabetic groups (HbA1c > 8%) showed significantly increased ADA activity (p < 0.001). In contrast, zinc concentrations in the poorly controlled diabetic groups were not significantly different from those in the well-controlled diabetic patients (p = 0.246). Significant positive correlation was observed between ADA activity and HbA1c (r = 0.794). There was no correlation between ADA activity and zinc levels (r = 0.043; p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Elevated ADA activity in diabetic patients with poor glycemic control may be a useful marker for therapy modulation.
Wortschatzumfang, Wortschatztiefe und Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit – Analyse der lexikalischen Kompetenz
Authors: Alber Kerstin
Published: September 2016

This study examines the lexical competence of third graders. Lexical competence is defined based on the psycholinguistic models of Levelt (1989) and Daller et al. (2010) as the procedural and implicit ability to crosslink lexical units using phonological, morphological, semantic, and syntactic internal relations (=“vocabulary depth”) as well as the ability to recall lexical units from the mental lexicon (=“fluency”). “Vocabulary breadth” as a declarative word knowledge builds the third component. The aim of the study is to empirically examine the interdependency between the three dimensions “vocabulary depth”, “vocabulary breadth”, and “fluency” and to derive hypotheses about possible acquisition stages of lexical competence. The sample consists of 64 students in the age range of 8;1 to 10;0. The results expose extreme differences for the vocabulary breadth of students with a mean difference of 5.5 years within a single grade. Also, a strong correlation between vocabulary depth and fluency was observed. Strong vocabulary learners have well-developed abilities to build semantic and syntactic connections between entries of the mental lexicon. Based on these results the conception of strategy-based vocabulary learning (cf. Alber 2014) is recommended.
Blogs y narcotráfico: análisis de contenido de los mensajes de la criminalidad organizada en México.
Authors: Cerda Pérez Patricia Liliana , Alvarado Pérez José Gregorio
Published: September 2016

Páginas “especializadas” en difundir crímenes y hasta homicidios en vivo perpetrados por miembros de los cárteles del crimen organizado en la zona Noreste de México, obtienen miles de visitas de internautas diariamente. Las mafias mexicanas a través de blogs divulgados en la red, mezclan y difunden información proveniente de medios periodísticos, con rumores y amenazas dirigidas a grupos mafiosos contrarios o hasta el propio Estado mexicano. Esta es la realidad analizada durante el desarrollo del presente trabajo. En estos sitios, el ciudadano común observa desde su computadora o celular, ejecuciones, atentados; cuerpos inertes decapitados, ahorcados o mutilados; conoce las disputas entre los grupos de la criminalidad organizada; accede a videos y fotografías donde se publicita las torturas y violaciones hechas sobre personas secuestradas civiles o plagiados de grupos contrarios. Conoce virtualmente las armas, automóviles, joyas y estilos de vida de quienes trabajan para las mafias. Aquí, en la red, los delincuentes exhiben impunemente sus crímenes; las víctimas son mostradas en su dolor con fotografías y videos tomados por la propia criminalidad y, todo ello, sucede en medio de páginas que tienen publicidad con marcas de prestigio a través del servicio de “hosting”, en su mayoría gratuitos. Los narcotraficantes operantes en el Noreste de México, mayoritariamente pertenecientes a los grupos denominados “los Zetas” o del “Cártel del Golfo”, han encontrado en las redes de internautas un modo para hacer sentir sus alcances y poderío a través de la guerra no sólo de armas, sino también mediática, donde el internet es un poderoso artefacto bélico para llegar a la ciudadanía; amedrentar a sus oponentes y hasta desafiar al Estado mexicano en materia de seguridad pública y nacional.
Threshold for Fatigue Crack Propagation and the Effects of Load Ratio and Frequency
Authors: Schmidt R. A. , Paris P. C.
Published: September 2016

The threshold in the alternating range of stress intensity factor for fatigue crack growth is investigated for 2024-T3 aluminum. Testing techniques provided displacement control at frequencies up to 1000 Hz. The threshold is seen to decrease with increasing frequency at a fixed load ratio, dropping by nearly a factor of 2 from 342 to 832 Hz. The threshold is also observed to decrease with increasing load ratio in such a way that is tentatively explained by considerations of crack closure. Some confirmation of this is obtained from direct strain gage measurement of the closure stress intensity, Kcℓ, which agrees with that predicted from trends in the threshold data with respect to load ratio.
Effects of Strain Gradients on the Gross Strain Crack Tolerance of A 533-B Steel
Authors: Randall P. N. , Merkle J. G.
Published: September 2016

To satisfy the need for a measure of fracture toughness at stress levels above yield, a quantity called gross strain crack tolerance has been proposed. It is the total elastic-plus-plastic strain measured at maximum load in a laboratory test of a specimen containing a surface crack and is, of course, a function of crack size and temperature. The object has been to develop a test to produce results that can be used to estimate the tolerance of material in full-scale hardware for strain in the presence of a crack. Previous work utilized precracked tension specimens of A533-B steel to study the effects of specimen geometry and crack size as a function of temperature. Now, the effects of strain gradients have been studied by loading the specimen in bending or by placing the crack in the bottom of a groove. Analysis of the displacement measurements showed that proper characterization of all the strain gradients tested required consideration of the strain values at two locations. The first, defined as the gross strain crack tolerance (GSCT), was located in the net section normal to the crack plane at mid-crack depth, the approximate location along the crack border where fracture originated. The second strain value was the gross strain on the back face in the gross section above and below the crack. At temperatures within the transition region, GSCT increased in direct proportion to the degree of tensile strain on the back face of the gross section. Tests in bending, which put the neutral axis between the crack tip and the back face, produced the lowest value of GSCT, while those in which the crack propagated into regions of increasing strain yielded the highest GSCT. These effects were attributed to the influence of back face strain on the development of the plastic zone and consequent relief of constraint.
Applications of the Compliance Concept in Fracture Mechanics
Authors: Okamura H. , Watanabe K. , Takano T.
Published: September 2016

As a crack grows in a specimen, the compliance of the specimen increases. This increase can be obtained by using the well-known relationship between the compliance and the stress intensity factor which has been obtained for various types of loading and specimen configuration. When the compliance of the cracked member is known, fracture mechanics can be extended to the analysis of the structure which contains the cracked member. The compliance concept is available also for the analysis of other behavior in a cracked specimen. This paper presents a method of extension of fracture mechanics to the structural analysis utilizing the compliance concept. In addition, some examples of the application are shown; (1) the structural analysis by matrix method of a cracked member, (2) the vibration of a cracked member, (3) the load carrying capacity of a cracked column, (4) the comparison between the load-controlled and the displacement-controlled fatigue tests, and (5) the application to the arrest of brittle fracture.
Failure Stress Levels of Flaws in Pressurized Cylinders
Authors: Kiefner J. F. , Maxey W. A. , Eiber R. J. , Duffy A. R.
Published: September 2016

For the past several years the Pipeline Research Committee of the American Gas Association has sponsored research at Battelle's Columbus Laboratories with the objective of obtaining a better understanding of the behavior of defects in pressurized pipe. This objective is being pursued by means of full-scale experiments on line pipe specimens containing both artificial and actual defects. These experiments have led to the development of semiempirical equations for predicting the ductile failure stress levels of through-wall flaws and surface flaws. Although these equations have been presented before, the supporting data and analyses are described in this paper. The through-wall flaw equation is analogous to fracture mechanics criteria for plane stress fracture; but because it has been adapted to ductile line pipe materials, it contains the Dugdale Model for plastic flow in the material and a correction for the bulging stress resulting from pressure acting on the curved pipe walls. The surface flaw equation evolved from the experimental results on surface-flawed pipe specimens. It accounts for both length along the axis of the pipe, depth through the wall, and the bulging which also takes place at surface flaws. Both equations have been shown to give reliable prediction of failure stress levels for not only steel line pipe materials but for stainless steel and aluminum pressure vessels as well. The usefulness of these equations extends over a wide range of material toughness and strength levels, because they embody both tensile strength parameters and the notch-toughness as determined from the ductile shelf energy of Charpy V-notch impact specimens. The experimental results upon which the equations are based are presented and discussed herein as are the utility and degree of reliability of the equations.
Physiological, Behavioral, and Scientific Impact of Different Fluid Control Protocols in the Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Gray Helen , Bertrand Henri , Mindus Claire , Flecknell Paul , Rowe Candy , Thiele Alexander
Published: September 2016

Rhesus macaques are an important model in behavioral neuroscience due to their advanced cognitive abilities. To motivate animals to engage in complex tasks, fluid rewards, in conjunction with fluid control protocols, are often used. The impact of these protocols on animal welfare is controversial. We compared two fluid control protocols against a protocol providing free access to water and evaluated the impacts on physiological states of hydration, behavioral measures of welfare, and scientific output. Blood physiology did not significantly differ between any of the protocols, and urine measures were indicative of well functioning, healthy kidneys. Changes in behaviors were limited, the main one being an increase in motivation to drink on the stricter fluid control protocol, and improved task performance early in the week. Overall, fluid control protocols had little measurable impact on the welfare of rhesus macaques while ensuring that scientific data of high quality could be obtained.
WOMEN IN CANCER THEMATIC REVIEW: Circadian rhythmicity and the influence of ‘clock’ genes on prostate cancer
Authors: Kiss Zsofia , Ghosh Paramita M
Published: September 2016

The androgen receptor (AR) plays a key role in the development and progression of prostate cancer (CaP). Since the mid-1990s, reports in the literature pointed out higher incidences of CaP in some select groups, such as airline pilots and night shift workers in comparison with those working regular hours. The common finding in these ‘high-risk’ groups was that they all experienced a deregulation of the body’s internal circadian rhythm. Here, we discuss how the circadian rhythm affects androgen levels and modulates CaP development and progression. Circadian rhythmicity of androgen production is lost in CaP patients, with the clock genes Per1 and Per2 decreasing, and Bmal1 increasing, in these individuals. Periodic expression of the clock genes was restored upon administration of the neurohormone melatonin, thereby suppressing CaP progression. Activation of the melatonin receptors and the AR antagonized each other, and therefore the tumour-suppressive effects of melatonin and the clock genes were most clearly observed in the absence of androgens, that is, in conjunction with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). In addition, a large-scale study found that high-dose radiation was more effective in CaP patients when it was delivered before 17:00 h, compared with those delivered after 17:00 h, suggesting that the therapy was more effective when delivered in synchrony with the patient’s circadian clock. As CaP patients are shown to become easily resistant to new therapies, perhaps circadian delivery of these therapeutic agents or delivery in conjunction with melatonin and its novel analogs should be tested to see if they prevent this resistance.
Increased levels of HMGB1 in trophoblastic debris may contribute to preeclampsia
Authors: Shao Jun , Zhao Mingzhi , Tong Mancy , Wei Jia , Wise Michelle R , Stone Peter , Chamley Lawrence , Chen Qi
Published: September 2016

Preeclampsia is triggered by an as yet unknown toxin from the placenta. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), a strong risk factor for preeclampsia, have been shown to induce the production of toxic trophoblastic debris from the placenta. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a proinflammatory danger signal, and the expression of it has been reported to be increased in preeclampsia. This study examined whether aPL or preeclamptic sera increase the expression of HMGB1 in the syncytiotrophoblast or trophoblastic debris. Trophoblastic debris from normal placental explants that had been cultured with aPL or preeclamptic sera was exposed to endothelial cells. Endothelial cell activation was quantified by cell-surface ICAM-1 expression and U937 monocyte adhesion. The expression of HMGB1 in placental explants and trophoblastic debris that had been treated with aPL or preeclamptic sera was measured by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in endothelial cells was quantified by western blotting. Compared with controls, the expression of HMGB1 in the cytoplasm of the syncytiotrophoblast and trophoblastic debris was increased by treating placental explants with aPL or preeclamptic sera. The increased levels of HMGB1 contributed to endothelial cell activation, mediated in part by the RAGE. Preeclamptic sera and aPL both induced an increase in the cytoplasmic levels of the danger signal HMGB1 in trophoblastic debris. This increased HMGB1 in trophoblastic debris may be one of the toxic factors released from the placenta in preeclampsia.
¿Cambio climático o variabilidad climática? Historia, ciencia y política en el clima mesoamericano
Authors: Poleo Daniel
Published: September 2016

Las variaciones en el clima de Mesoamérica han influenciado el desarrollo y decaimiento de las poblaciones desde los primeros asentamientos humanos. La época actual no es la excepción; sin embargo, no se tienen evidencias de que el calentamiento global impactará las precipitaciones en la región, sino que más bien hay estudios importantes que muestran que los cambios en las lluvias responden más bien a la variabilidad climática que actualmente sufre el trópico americano.Debido a que nuestra región tropical es vulnerable a la variabilidad del clima, las políticas públicas deben ser congruentes para evitar los errores de generaciones previas y lograr, de la mano de la ciencia, un verdadero avance en la lucha contra el calentamiento global.
Fístula aortoentérica
Authors: Navarro Moya Silvia , Ramírez Valverde José Miguel
Published: September 2016

Paciente masculino de 75 años, con historia de uso de Ibuprofeno hace tres años, consulta por cuadro de hematemesis y melena, durante su valoración se palpa masa pulsátil a nivel de hipocondrioizquierdo, se realiza ultrasonido el cual documenta dilatación de aneurisma de aorta abdominal, valorado por el servicio de vascular periférico con sospecha diagnóstica de fístula aortoentérica, es llevado a sala de operaciones se realiza sustitución aorto-bi-ilíaca, fistulectomía aortoentérica con complicación de desgarroaórtico. Ingresa a la unidad de terapia intensiva para monitoreo, soporte ventilatorio y hemodinámico. Se lleva nuevamente a sala de operaciones y se realiza anastomosis duodenoyeyunal L-L, reintervenido para fijación de duodeno y finalmente se cierra por planos la cavidad abdominal. Presenta nuevo cuadro de deposiciones sanguinolentas, gastroscopía documenta restos hemáticos, no se identifica sitio de sangrado,paciente hemodinámicamente inestable, fallece
Lesiones Producidas por Escudos Eléctricos
Authors: Flores Sandí Grettchen
Published: September 2016

Actualmente los cuerpos policiales utilizan variedad de dispositivos de electrochoque paracontrolar a las personas a través de la corriente eléctrica, entre ellos los escudos eléctricos son dispositivos de contacto cuyo fin es de protección a quien los usa más que el ataque. El efecto de la exposición a fuentes externas de electricidad puede provocar lesiones al alterar el funcionamiento eléctrico normal del cuerpo humano y en caso de existir denuncias, debe comprenderse que existen factores de riesgo que constituyen múltiples variables imposibles de controlar por los usuarios de los dispositivos, alaumentar la intensidad y duración de la exposición a la corriente eléctrica: factores incontrolables, como son las lesiones provocadas por la caída al suelo de la persona y factores de riesgo potencial (cardiopatía previa, estado de intoxicación, entre otros) que pueden ser desconocidos por parte de los oficiales de policía en el momento de su utilización, indistintamente se utilice con una o varias personas, y que pueden poner en riesgo la vida de quien o quienes reciben la descarga. En el lugar de los hechos este escudo pasa a ser un indicio de origen físico que debe protegerse y levantarse adecuadamente teniendo en cuenta que puede ser determinante para el esclarecimiento del hecho, por lo que requiere una debida cadena de custodia. Sin embargo, precisamente la poca investigación sobre efectos perjudiciales a la salud por las descargas de los escudos eléctricos, hace que no existan normas de protección y seguridad en relación a su uso que deban conocer los investigadores que asisten a un lugar de los hechos donde es posible estos se encuentren, salvo las normas usuales de protección para cualquier equipo eléctrico. El análisis pericial requiere valorar la prueba con rigor crítico, para establecer y reconstruir el mecanismo y dinámica del hecho, indicando si este dispositivo fue o no utilizado, aportando elementos de prueba para la identificación del autor.
Cirugía bariátrica como opción de tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Fundamentos fisiopatológicos
Authors: Leitón Chavez Andrés , Vargas Lòpez Victoria
Published: September 2016

Actualmente la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 alcanza niveles de epidemia a nivel mundial afectando a 285 millones en todo el mundo. La DM-2 es una enfermedad con una fisiopatología compleja que sigue día a día en continuo estudio, esta enfermedad representa una de las patologías que más desafían al médico a la hora del manejo, requiriendo de un constante control con regulación exhaustiva de la medicación, para evitar el progreso a sus graves secuelas. Hasta hace poco tiempo toda la investigación dedicada al tratamiento de esta patología estaba orientado a un manejo combinado entre cambios en estilos de vida y medicamentos con toda una gama de mecanismos de acción. Recientemente la cirugía de pérdida de peso se ha establecido como una alternativa de tratamiento para pacientes obesos con diabetes tipo 2 y existen al momento múltiples publicaciones que evidencian su eficacia tanto a corto como a largo plazo. El objetivo de esta revisión es repasar los conceptos básicos para el entendimiento de la cirugía bariátrica, su  historia, tipos de procedimientos, indicaciones y contraindicaciones y analizar publicaciones actualizadas que evidencien resultados positivos en el manejo de la diabetes con cirugía, así como exponer la evidencia más reciente sobre los efectos fisiopatológicos que explican los resultados publicados en cuanto almanejo quirúrgico de la diabetes, los cuales siguen en constante investigación pues incluyen múltiples mecanismos que no se explican únicamente por la pérdida de peso
Artículo Original: Lesión tisular debida a dispersión térmica por el uso de electrodos monopolare
Authors: Azúa Córdova Gonzalo , Zúñiga Montero Marco , Chaves Chaves Dennis , Quirós Alpízar José Luis
Published: September 2016

El uso de unidades de electrocirugía permite di-sección, corte y hemostasia debido al calor gene-rado por el flujo de la corriente eléctrica a través del tejido, efecto denominado diatermia. Este ca-lor, se difunde en un fenómeno conocido como dispersión térmica al tejido vecino, pudiendo le-sionarlo. Comparadas con otras modalidades, las unidades monopolares son las que producen ma-yor lesión tisular por dispersión térmica y dentro de las diferentes modalidades de uso que permiten estas unidades es el modo de coagulación el que produce mayor daño tisular.En el presente estudio se investiga la extensión de la lesión en el tejido que se produce por dispersión térmica con el uso de 3 diferentes electrodos mo-nopolares (2 utilizados en cirugía abierta y 1 en cirugía laparoscópica) en la modalidad de coagu-lación a una potencia de 35 W en un modelo de hígado porcino ex vivo. La extensión del daño ti-sular se estableció midiendo la distancia de los cambios histológicos ocasionados luego de la uti-lización de cada electrodo. La extensión lateral y en profundidad de la lesión histológica fue de 0,82 y 0,82 mm, 0,81 y 0,81 mm, 0,86 y 0,88 mm con el electrobisturi #1, #2 y #3 respectivamente. En conclusión, no hubo diferencia significativa en la extensión de la lesión histológica con el uso de los diferentes electrodos monopolares.
HEDGE ALGEBRAS, THE SEMANTICS OF VAGUE LINGUISTIC INFORMATION AND APPLICATION PROSPECTIVE
Authors: Ho Nguyen Cat , Son Tran Thai , Lan Vu Nhu
Published: September 2016

The report aims to show that hedge algebras model actually the proper qualitative semantics of words of linguistic variables based on the argument that the inherent qualitative semantics of words should be expressed through the order relationships, induced by the word semantics, between the words in their respective variable domains, as required by decision making of human daily lives. This makes the hedge algebra based approach to the word semantics quite different from the existing approaches and become the only approach that can immediately deal with the natural qualitative semantics of words. We explain clearly and systematically distinguished features and properties of this approach to show that these seem to make the approach to be sound and ensure its effectiveness in applications. This approach seems to be promising for development of hedge algebra-based method to solve problems in various application fields. For illustration, we will give a short overview of effective results some of the initial applications of hedge algebras in the fields of knowledge based systems and in fuzzy control.
HIỆU ỨNG QUANG NHIỆT CỦA HẠT NANO VÀNG CẤU TRÚC LÕI-VỎ TRONG MÔ
Authors: Thùy Dương Vũ Thị , Thương Trịnh Thị , Dương Vũ , Thùy Nguyễn Thị , Hà Liên Nghiêm Thị , Hòa Đỗ Quang , Nhung Trần Hồng
Published: September 2016

This work presents the research results on photothermal effect caused by gold nanoshells Fe3O4/Si­O2/Au and Si­O2/Au in tissue under illumination of a diode laser continuous light at 808 nm. The results shown that the average temperature of samples injected with 1x108 Si­O2/Au and Fe3O4/Si­O2/Au nanoshells reach to 58° ± 5°C and 50° ± 5°C, respectively. This temperature can induce the irreversible damage to tissue. The photothermal transduction efficiency h of Fe3O4/Si­O2/Au and Si­O2/Au shells was determined as 16 % and 22 %, respectively. This study proves that gold nanoshells can be used to destroy the tumor cells by photothermal effect.
NGHIÊN CỨU ỨNG DỤNG MẠNG TRẠNG THÁI PHẢN HỒI ĐỂ DỰ BÁO CHẤT LƯỢNG KHÔNG KHÍ
Authors: Hung Mac Duy , Dung Nghiem Trung
Published: September 2016

A study on the application of Echo State Network (ESN) for the forecast of air quality in Hanoi for a period of seven days, which is based on the nonlinear relationships between the concentrations of an air pollutant to be forecasted and meteorological parameters, was conducted. Three air pollutants being SO2, NO2 and PM10 were selected for this study. Training data and testing data were extracted from the database of Lang air quality monitoring station, Hanoi, from 2003 to 2009. Values forecasted by ESN are compared with those by MLP (Multilayer Perception). Results shown that, in almost experiments, the performance of ESN is better than that of MLP in terms of the values and the correlation of concentration trends. The averages of RMSE of ESN and MLP for SO2 are 5.9 ppb and 6.9 ppb, respectively. For PM10, the accuracy of ESN is 83.8% with MAE of 53.5 μg/m3, while the accuracy of MLP is only 77.6% with MAE of 68.2 μg/m3. For NO2, the performance of ESN and MLP is similar; the accuracy of both models is in the range of 60% to 72.7%. These suggest that, ESN is a novel and feasible approach to build the air forecasting model. Keywords: Forecast, air quality, ESN, MLP, ANN, Hanoi, Vietnam.
IMPROVEMENT OF CO2 PURIFYING SYSTEM BY PHOTOCATALYST FOR APPLICATION IN MICROALGAE CULTURE TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Oanh Doan Thi , Yen Quach Thi Hoang , Toan Nguyen Thi , Trung Nguyen Quoc , Chi Tran Quế , Chuyen Nguyen Hong , Nguyet Tran Thi Minh , Kim Anh Bui Thi , Kim Dang Dinh
Published: September 2016

By reactive grinding method Vanadium-doped rutile TiO2 nanoparticle material was obtained with an average particle size of 20‐40nm, the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) specific surface area about 20 m2g−1 and it absorbed strongly in the UV region and increased at the visible wavelength of 430 – 570 nm. This study focused on the improvement of exhaust gas treatment from coal-fired flue gas of the traditional adsorption-catalysis system (Modular System for Treating Flue Gas - MSTFG) by using the V2O5/TiO2 Rutile as photocatalyst. The results showed that integrating both catalytic systems mentioned above increased the gas treatment efficiency: CO from 77 % to over 98 %, NOx from 50 % to 93 %, SO2 was absent as opposed to the input gas component. Also it showed that V2O5/TiO2 Rutile integrated with MSTFG has got high efficiency of CO treatment, also secured the high obtained CO2 concentration as a valuable carbon source for microagal mass culture as well as saving energy and simplifying devices.
STUDY ON THE UV-CROSSLINKING PROCESS OF THE DIANE-EPOXY RESIN/POLY(TETRAHYDROFURANE) DIVINYL ETHER SYSTEM II. INFLUENCE OF THE CONTENT OF EPOXY RESIN AND POLY(TETRAHYDROFURANE) DIVINYL ETHER ON THE PHOTOCROSSLINKING OF THE DIANE EPOXY/POLY (TETRAHYDROFURA
Authors: Phi Hung Dao , Anh Hiep Nguyen , Van Phuc Mac
Published: September 2016

The effect of diane-epoxy resin (DE) and poly(tetrahydrofuran) divinyl ether (DVE) content on the photo crosslinking reaction of the DE/DVE system with triarylsulfonium salt (TAS) as photo-initiator were investigated. The results showed that increasing DVE content improved some of physico-mechanical properties of photocrosslinked coatings although the relative hardness and the speed of photocrosslinking reaction reduced. The results of the changes of functional groups, relative hardness and gel fraction as well as the physico-mechanical properties of UV-cured coatings based on DE/DVE/TAS system illustrated that suitable mass ratio of constituents was 80/20/5. The UV-cured coating based on the system DE/DVE/TAS = 80/20/5 cross-linked completely after 3.6 seconds UV-exposure and having good physico-mechanical properties: impact resistance reached 180 kg.cm; the flexibility obtained 1mm; the adhesion and relative hardness were point 1 and 0.7, respectively.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE FIELD DISTRIBUTION ON THE CURVATURE CHANGE AND LAYER THICKNESS OF THIN-WALL PART FABRICATED BY LASER DIRECT METAL FORMING
Authors: Khoa Doan Tat
Published: September 2016

To discuss the effect of temperature field distribution on the curvature change and layer thickness of thin-wall parts, the numerical simulation and experimental was studied. The numerical results showed that the molten pool temperature of the thin-wall increases with the layer number, and the molten pool temperature of thin-wall cylinders were increases when decrease curvature radius; the rules of laser power changing with the layer number and curvature in the processing of the thin-wall blade can be obtained when keeping molten pool temperature stable. According to the numerical results, the thin-wall blades were fabricated by experiments. The experimental results showed that the excessive build-up occurred and unevenness thickness layer at small radius corner with constant laser power because of the increase of energy density at corners, with varied laser power is more uniform than the constant laser power, which is in agreement with the numerical simulation.
Design Analysis for a Special Serial - Parallel Manipulator Transferring Billet for Hot Extrusion Forging Process
Authors: My Chu Anh , Trung Vuong Tien
Published: September 2016

To reduce the downtime and optimize the use of energy and manpower, a serial - parallel manipulator is designed for transferring heavy billets for a specific hot extrusion forging process. To increase the structural rigidity and restrict the end-effector of the robot moving in direction parallel with the ground surface, parallel links are added in between serial links of the manipulator design. This modification of the structure must be considered in the modeling and analyzing. This paper addresses the kinematic modeling, the kinematic performance analysis and the strength analysis for the robot. With respect to the parallel links, the constraint equation is written and put together with the kinematic model. Based on the model formulated, the inverse kinematic, the transferring time, the reachable workspace, the dexterity, and the manipulability index of the robot are analyzed and discussed to demonstrate its kinematical performance. These results are important to assess the working capability and improve the parametric design for the robot. In addition, for verifying the end-effector design in terms of the strength and displacement, the stress distribution and the static deflection of the end-effector module are computed and analyzed by using the computer-aided finite element method (FEM).
THE ISOLATED COMPOUNDS FROM THE TWIGS OF MORUS ALBA L. IN DONG THAP
Authors: Nguyệt Bùi Thị Minh , Khanh Tran Huynh Nguyen
Published: September 2016

From the ethyl acetate extract of the Morus alba L. (Moraceae) in Dong Thap, a triterpenoid, b-amyrin-b-D-glucopyranoside (1), a Diels – Alder type adducts, mulberrofuran G (2), a benzofuran, moracin M (3) and a prenylated flavonoid, kuwanon G (4) were isolated through repeated silica gel column chromatography. Their structures were identified by physicchemical and spectrometric methods.
Cadmium induced modification of sugar accumulation and translocation along sweet sorghum stem
Authors: Tra Dinh Thi Thanh , Yasuo Igarashi , Hua Xiao , Feng Luo , Zheng Xu Chang , Yuan Zheng Meng , Bing Wang Lu
Published: September 2016

Sweet sorghum has become a candidate species for combining phytoremediation with biofuel production due to heavy metal resistance, great biomass and sugar enrichment in stem. However, the influence of heavy metals on sugar accumulation in sweet sorghum is still unknown. In this study, Cd induced modification of sugar storage and translocation in stem was monitored using two sweet sorghum cultivars Keller (KE) and E-tian (ET). Brix degree, which represents sugar content in stem juice, displays significant reduction in response to exogenous Cd treatment in both lines. The sugar enrichment is more obviously repressed in the lower internodes while it is hardly affected in the top internodes. Excessive Cd results in drastically enhanced Cd accumulation, preferentially in the lower internodes. More interestingly, negative correlation between Cd and sugar content is detected along internodes, indicating antagonistic translocation between Cd and sugar along stem of sweet sorghum. The preferential compartmentation of Cd and sugar in different regions of stem provides novel insights into understanding and application of sweet sorghum for combining biofuel production with phytoremediation of heavy metal in soil.
Election Marginality, District Homogeneity, and Policy Responsiveness
Authors: Lockerbie Brad
Published: September 2016

This research addresses the question of what factors influence policy responsiveness by members of Congress. Data from the 95th and 96th sessions of Congress and the 1978 American National Election Study are employed to test two possible influences on policy responsiveness. First, a revised test of the marginality hypothesis is offered. Instead of looking at marginality statically, the change in both policy responsiveness and marginality is examined. This dynamic model receives no support from the data. Second, the hypothesis that a homogenous opinion structure within the district encourages greater policy responsiveness finds modest support.
Importance of oxide film in endovascular biodegradable zinc stents
Authors: Drelich Adam J. , Bowen Patrick K. , LaLonde Leslie , Goldman Jeremy , Drelich Jaroslaw W.
Published: September 2016

A better understanding of the surface oxide film on biodegradable metals could lead to the design of smarter, surface-responsive biodegradable stents with good biocompatibility and controlled degradation rates at different stages of implantation. In this study, the surface finish of zinc was manipulated through different material processing conditions, including oxidation, electropolishing and anodization. Implant wires with oxide films of varying surface characteristics were degraded in a living organism by using a rodent model to understand their response to a biological endovascular environment. It was found that the degradation rate was mainly dependent on the quality and stability of oxide film. Defects/cracks in the oxide film structure appear to serve as local corrosion sites, and their increased density accelerates the biocorrosion rate.