bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Dangerous, Inhospitable Place
Authors: Coggeshall John M.
Published: May 2024

This chapter reviews the environmental and historical background of the Southern Appalachians, focusing on animals, plants, or events specifically referred to in later chapters, such as the creation of lakes by Duke Energy. The impact of the film “Deliverance” in popular culture is also discussed.
Introduction
Authors: Wigginton Caroline
Published: May 2024

The introduction begins Indigenuity’s story of the enduring, widespread, and active presence of Native craft in American literary history and archives. As Native artistry and authorship have continued as living and adaptive practices so too has American literary history’s orientation to those practices. The introduction does so through a pairing of objects: a poem by Ojibwe author Jane Johnston Schoolcraft and a basket created by an unknown Odawa woman. Both are literature, and both are craftwork. Each braid scriptive and physical components to express beauty, memory, and meaning. Each is the handiwork of a nineteenth-century Anishinaabe creator living on the waters of the Great Lakes, immersed in a network of relationships between peoples, objects, and places. Both objects reside now, just as they did then, in settler colonial collections, continuing to structure relationships, including with non-Native literatures and material craft. Together, they emblematize the enduring orientation of American literatures to Native ways of making and being on Indigenous lands. It is that enduring orientation that Indigenuity seeks to discern.
Decoration
Authors: Wigginton Caroline
Published: May 2024

“Decoration” concludes Indigenuity with the Ho-Chunk artist Angel de Cora, who taught and mentored a transnational cohort of students at Carlisle Indian Industrial School in the early 1900s. Under her guidance, the students learned about Indigenous craft practices, making items for sale and printing a monthly magazine and other publications that showcased their art and learnings. This chapter, therefore, culminates with one Indigenous artist’s explicit interventions at the intersection of Native craft, art, and bookmaking.
Connections
Authors: Mims La Shonda
Published: May 2024

This chapter demonstrates that white lesbians built their bar communities on the necessity of disposable income, urban spatial access, and safe movement in city spaces. Black women did not enjoy these privileges and often socialized separately. Although queer bars sometimes served as sites of activism most women in Atlanta and Charlotte stopped at the bar seeking comfort and anonymity in a chosen queer community. Spaces outside of bars, like softball fields, offered additional queer community. Newspapers and bar guides helped queer women locate each other.
Extractivism Assembled (1494–1650s)
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken
Published: May 2024

The chapter documents how extractivism was assembled during the Spanish conquest of Americas. Extractivism is analyzed as an assemblage that brought together: cornucopian and providentialist ideologies about nature in the New World; new forms of state property in nature; and a set of laws and administrative practices that sought a constant increase in the extraction of commodified nature. The chapter underscores the place of scarcity and crisis in the evolution of this regime and follows it across key chapters of the first century and a half of Spanish Habsburg colonization: the invasion of the Indigenous gold fields of Española, the expansion of the Spanish frontier across the gold and silver districts of the mainland; the mass compulsion of indigenous labor; and the development of the global bullion trade.
The Temporal, Sublime
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken
Published: May 2024

The chapter traces the formation of the gold and silver deposit at Cerro de San Pedro, from its earliest origins to the historical present. This geological history clarifies the structure and varying geochemical composition of the deposit. These are important considerations because they would determine what set of mining and smelting techniques would be required to extract gold and silver from different parts of the deposit. By reviewing these, the chapter prefigures how the geology of the Cerro de San Pedro shaped the history of its excavation.
Mining in the Land of War
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken
Published: May 2024

The chapter describes the advance of the Spanish frontier into the homelands of the Zacateco, Guichichil, and Chichimecan indigenous peoples in the late sixteenth century. This frontier expansion was driven by mining, which served both its motive and support. The chapter narrates key aspects, episodes, and figures of the Spanish-Chichimecan war and underscores the importance of diplomatic negotiation and tactical gifting in enabling the Spanish advance. This was the background to the Spanish incursion into the valley of Tangamanga, a Guichichil homeland but also, on its eastern edge, the site of the first mining strike at Cerro de San Pedro.
The Bonanza
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken
Published: May 2024

The chapter treats the first mining boom at Cerro de San Pedro, from its explosive beginnings to its crest in the 1630s. It documents the rapid development of an extractive complex and its organization across a sequence of steps from the mine-face to the rendering of gold and silver bars from the ore. Comparison is made between the numerous small-scale cottage mining and smelting operations, on the one hand, and the large-scale mines and haciendas of the district, on the other. This focuses attention on the role of capital in increasing the scale and processing speed of extractive complex, both determinant factors in its impacts on human bodies and local environments.
The First Death of Cerro de San Pedro
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken
Published: May 2024

This chapter concludes the first cycle of Spanish mining at Cerro de San Pedro. It examines the abatement of mining activity that began in the 1640s and would extend well into the nineteenth century. Although commonly thought to be caused by the depletion of silver and gold, the downturn in the mining cycle was driven by the response of capitalist actors to shifts in the chemical composition of ores given available technologies and inputs. The bust was caused by the retreat of large-scale mine- and hacienda-owners because they could no longer profitably extract precious metals from the ores that remained. The chapter documents these shifts, the persistence of small-scale mining, and the subsidence of the environmental harms produced by the extractivist mode of mining at Cerro de San Pedro.
The Industrial Bonanza
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken
Published: May 2024

The chapter treats the industrialization of mining at the Cerro de San Pedro and in the smelting operations in the valley of San Luis Potosi beginning in 1890. The new technologies and processes of ore extraction, transport, and processing are described. Emphasis is placed on the intensification of mining's social metabolism made possible by new capital flows, the shift to fossil fuels, and new influx of workers in the mines and smelters. This last produced a cycle of rapid urbanization in both Cerro de San Pedro and the barrios surrounding the Morales plant, which is here described to provide context for subsequent discussions of environmental health and justice amongst workers and their families.
The Last Mine
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken
Published: May 2024

This short chapter provides a description of the material organization and scales of the open-pit heap-leach operation that the Canadian mining company Metallica Resources established at the Cerro de San Pedro. This operation would excavate the bulk of the porphyry deposit in totum and then process it with open-air cyanide amalgamation on a leach pad. By giving an account of the organization and the scales of the operation, the chapter enables a comparison with previous cycles of mining and thereby underscore its much shorter duration, lower work-force, and higher demands on local waters.
The Great Sea Island Storm
Authors: Grego Caroline
Published: May 2024

On August 27th, 1893, Lowcountry residents awoke to a day that seemed like any other. They tended their gardens, chickens, hogs, and cows, had breakfast with their families, and went to church. On August 28th, many were dead, most found themselves suddenly impoverished, and those left faced a battered, flooded, stripped landscape that reflected the disorienting, uncertain future that now lay ahead. This chapter spans the sixteen hours during which the hurricane ravaged the Lowcountry. Drawing from diaries, newspaper articles, interviews, and letters, this chapter explores what the experience of surviving the hurricane, its high winds, and massive storm surge looked like for Lowcountry residents and how many African Americans drew on kinship ties and knowledge of the vernacular landscape to survive. This chapter also recognizes that many of the records available were recorded by whites, or for white audiences, despite the fact that the brunt of the storm fell upon Black shoulders and overwhelmingly claimed Black lives.
The Law or Popular Justice
Authors: Pearson Chad E.
Published: May 2024

This chapter presents an analysis of Owen Wister, the father of the western genre of fiction. Best known as the author of the best-selling book The Virginian (1902), Wister wrote numerous fiction and non-fiction books and articles denouncing labor unionism and celebrating the roles played by law-abiding citizens. The Virginian is loosely based on the Johnson County Wars of 1892, when members of the Wyoming Stockgrowers Association invaded Johnson County and killed two people for their supposed involvement in rustling. Following this attack, the wealthy men in the Stockgrowers Association faced a fierce backlash. The Virginian depicted these wealthy men in a positive light. Given Wister’s important public relations work, C. W. Post, a leader of the anti-union Citizens’ Industrial Association of America (CIAA), appointed the novelist to serve on the CIAA’s propaganda committee in 1907. This chapter explores how Wister helped members of ruling class legitimize their terrorist campaigns against ordinary people.
Accidental Kindness
Authors: Stein Michael
Published: May 2024

We will all be patients sooner or later. And when we go to the doctor, when we're hurting, we tend to think in terms of cause and condemnation. We often look for relief not only from physical symptoms but also from our self-blame. We want from our doctors kindness under any of its many names: empathy, caring, compassion, humanity. We look for safety and forgiveness. But we forget that doctors, too, are often in need of forgiveness—from their patients and from themselves. No doctor enters the medical profession expecting to be unkind or to make mistakes, but because of the complexity of our current medical system and because doctors are human, they often find themselves acting much less kindly than they would like to. Drawing on his work as a primary care physician and a behavioral scientist, Michael Stein artfully examines the often conflicting goals of patients and their doctors. In those differences, Stein recognizes that kindness should not be a patient's forbidden or unrealistic expectation. This book leaves us with new knowledge of and insights into what we might hope for, and what might go wrong, or right, in the most intimate clinical moments.
Acting like a Doctor
Authors: Stein Michael
Published: May 2024

This chapter discusses communication problems with patients that doctors experience based on the rushed pressure of visits. Can communication “checklists” and “scripts” help ensure patient comfort? Kindness is, in part, about avoiding saying something unkind.
Chile (Wallmapu)
Authors: Lupien Pascal
Published: May 2024

This chapter argues that Mapuche peoples in their traditional territories of Wallmapu have long faced challenges due to the repressive nature of the Chilean state, limiting the development of mobilizing structures such as CSOs. The rigid political opportunity structure and a (neo)liberal citizenship regime offer few options for Mapuche CSOs, pushing some activists toward disruptive or violent actions, while others focus on Mapuche nation-building. Despite these challenges, recent years have seen the emergence of dynamic CSOs using ICTs to promote Mapuche identity in more innovative ways than counterparts in other countries, leading to a cultural renaissance. However, militarization in Wallmapu complicates their efforts, and internal divisions persist among those supporting or opposing confrontational tactics. Nonetheless, recent events, such as growing demands for expanded social rights and a new constitution in Chile, may present a unique opportunity for Mapuche CSOs. The 2019 protests could enable alliances between CSOs engaging in "civic" participation and non-Indigenous sectors of Chilean civil society, potentially shifting political opportunities in favor of Mapuche civil society and allowing for multi-scalar positioning.
Never Idle
Authors: Purkiss Ava
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines Black women’s “active recreation” - leisure activities that require endurance, strength, and agility - during the Great Depression. It argues that active recreation provided Black women with a forum to express national belonging through leisure behaviors that exemplified American values of physical fitness, industriousness, and wholesomeness. The chapter shows how Black women considered active recreation a vehicle for Black citizenship and not merely frivolous physical activity.
Introduction
Authors: Johnson Diana K.
Published: May 2024

The introduction to this book chronicles the key arguments and historiographical interventions of the text. The book begins with an analysis of the 1999 World Trade Organization protests and maps city business and political leader’s hopes for utilizing the meeting of the World Trade Organization to advance the city as a cutting-edge, future-oriented site of global economic development. Such goals obscured and attempted to marginalize the decades of work local coalition builders had been doing since the 1970s. Thus, Seattle in Coalition foregrounds the activism work of organizers from the city’s Black, Native American, Asian American and Chicanx communities against the forces of racism, imperialism globalization, and economic inequality.
Multiracial Seattle
Authors: Johnson Diana K.
Published: May 2024

This chapter sketches a brief history of Seattle’s neighborhood and economic development primarily during the twentieth century. The chapter investigates how the development of small, segregated, but adjacent neighborhoods of color helped foster the foundations of multiracial coalition building.
Seattle Looking Outward
Authors: Johnson Diana K.
Published: May 2024

This chapter further chronicles the development of the United Construction Workers Association as the organization continued to intersect with numerous Seattle-based coalitions. In doing so, this portion of the book centers the labor-focused and cross-racial efforts of Black skilled trade workers in Seattle, Chicano farmworkers in the nearby Yakima Valley, and Asian American cannery workers in Alaska. This work explores their intersections and labor-focused facets of unity.
The Seattle Gang of Four and Beyond
Authors: Johnson Diana K.
Published: May 2024

This chapter furthers an exploration of coalition building during the 1980s by centering the coalitional work of many of the leaders in the previous chapters of this book. This chapter provides a more local approach, focusing on the development of the Minority Executive Directors’ Coalition in 1980.
Conclusion
Authors: Johnson Diana K.
Published: May 2024

The conclusion of this book examines continual manifestations of coalition building during the 1990s and early 2000s. In this way, this portion of the book centers numerous leaders and activists from earlier chapters as coalition builders responded to globalization, workers’ exploitation, and the 1999 meeting of the World Trade Organization in the city. Thus, the conclusion circles back to initial frameworks introduced in the introduction, emphasizing how Seattle coalition builders collided with elements of Seattle’s image and economic development for decades.
Kansas Bleeds into Cuba
Authors: Walkiewicz Kathryn
Published: May 2024

Chapter 3 turns to the 1850s campaigns for Kansas’s and Cuba’s statehood, unpacking some of the ways statehood posited Black freedom as a rationale for state-making. In particular, I look at the writings of Martin Delany, John Brougham’s play El Filibustero!, and John Brown’s Black statehood proposal. Kansas, formerly part of Indian Territory, became a state. Yet the United States maintained a more unusual relationship with Cuba, “read” by the US government and the press as a less amendable geopolitical space for the US imperial project. As I discuss at some length in earlier chapters, statehood and states’ rights were key colonial tactics for systematically delegitimizing and further discrediting Indigenous a priori land rights, and “reading” Kansas and Cuba together brings these truths to the fore. In the case of “Bleeding Kansas” sectional violence in the 1850s, popular sovereignty was staged as a fight over Black freedom, but in the end, statehood consolidated white male possessive power.
Diversity
Authors: Goodman Carly
Published: May 2024

Soon reformers seeking redress for the undocumented Irish found a new way to frame their demands for immigration reform. They argued that cultural diversity should be a goal of the immigration system of a country whose creed reads “E pluribus unum,” out of many, one. A one-time “Berman” visa lottery was open to “underrepresented” countries around the world, those that had sent few immigrants to the United States in recent years. Since most immigrants each year came from a short list of countries, this corrective policy was framed as increasing immigrant diversity. Diversity was increasingly important in these years, as many institutions embraced it as an alternative to affirmative action to address and overcome racial discrimination.
Homeland
Authors: Goodman Carly
Published: May 2024

Just after the creation of the Diversity Visa lottery, US policymakers embraced a more restrictionist approach to immigration, passing the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) in 1996 and boosting enforcement measures. After the attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States reorganized its immigration bureaucracy under a new Department of Homeland Security, and increased its surveillance, scrutiny, and policing of immigrants. The reframing of national identity around the idea of “homeland” made the United States less inclusive, while it fueled a more aggressive foreign policy focused on counterterrorism, including in Africa.
“Shithole Countries”
Authors: Goodman Carly
Published: May 2024

Donald Trump became president after a campaign that centered on vilifying immigrants and promising to impose a “Muslim ban” to prevent Muslim people from entering the country. When an Uzbek immigrant committed an act of violence, Trump called for the end of the Diversity Visa lottery, which was the source of the man’s immigrant visa more than seven years prior. But his comments about African countries and African immigrants betrayed that the motivation behind these calls was not security, but making America a whiter country and preventing the immigration of people of color. Congressional action stalled on immigration, but in 2020 Trump was able to curtail immigration dramatically when the pandemic slowed consular processing. Simultaneously, the United States engaged in a racial reckoning fueled by the Black Lives Matter movement.
Striking for Streptomycin
Authors: Urban Kelly
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the arrival and distribution in Cuba of the antibiotics (e.g., streptomycin) that promised to cure tuberculosis in the 1940s and 1950s. The history of streptomycin in Cuba helps explain the disjuncture between improved health outcomes, specifically the tuberculosis mortality rate, and highly critical citizen perceptions of the public health sector in the Auténtico period. The Grau and Prío administrations’ distribution of chemotherapy did offer partial or total cure to some tuberculars; however, it was plagued by graft, negligence, and patronage. Tuberculars and their allies (including, but not limited to, individual Communists, the Popular Socialist Party, and the Ortodoxo Party) responded. These grassroots activists voiced new health rights and pursued various forms of mobilization, such as sanatorium strikes and unionization. The state responded with increasingly authoritarian methods to shut down tuberculosis activism, a sign of weakening democratic norms. Still, tuberculars and their allies crafted a convincing narrative of state failure to ensure health citizenship. As elite and middle-class charities returned to the antituberculosis campaign, helping poor Cubans obtain the drug, state legitimacy further eroded.
Introduction
Authors: Arriaga Felicia
Published: May 2024

This chapter introduces North Carolina as the testing ground for various immigration enforcement practices meant to target the increase of mostly Latinx immigrants. Some state representatives and sheriffs were eager to usher in these local collaborations with ICE and this chapter summarizes various efforts through state legislation to do this. The author also introduces her relationship to the issue of local immigration enforcement and briefly describes her data collection approach.
Collective Amnesia
Authors: Arriaga Felicia
Published: May 2024

This chapter focuses on the normalized practices by crimmigration entities and subsequent collective amnesia or the “conflicting judgements about what is important in the past and what is unimportant” of the 287(g) program’s beginning. Furthermore, this collective amnesia exhibited by whites and nonwhite community members alike, manifests itself through a combination of claims of white innocence (Ross 1990; Bonilla-Silva 1997), white ignorance (Mills 2007), the need for economic power, and relatively recently through white savior mentality (Bonilla-Silva, 1997; Vera and Gordon, 2003; Ross, 1990).
Conclusion
Authors: Arriaga Felicia
Published: May 2024

This chapter highlights additional areas of interest and concern, shifting from sheriffs and county commissioners to other components of the criminal-legal system. It also cautions against policy reforms and accountability efforts that are limited in scope without considering their role in upholding criminal-legal structures. It concludes with a call to action—to step out of the collective amnesia and see the connections right in front of us.
Introduction
Authors: Bailey Beth
Published: May 2024

The Introduction describes growing racial tension and violence in the ranks of the US Army in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It presents the book’s key argument: at a time when escalating Cold War tensions and increasing instability in the Middle East were exacerbating an already dangerous and volatile strategic environment, key US Army leaders came to believe that the Army’s growing racial crisis undermined its ability to fulfill its mission of national defense. The belief that racial conflict threatened military efficiency shaped how the army, as an institution, defined the problem and the solutions it attempted to “the problem of race.” The chapter also argues that US institutions play critically important roles in the process of social change and introduces the concept of “Institutional Logic.”
A Tactic of Silence
Authors: Bailey Beth
Published: May 2024

In 1968 the US Army began, in a stuttering and incomplete fashion, to perceive race as a problem. This chapter describes the 1968 Long Binh Jail riot, in which about 200 Black soldiers burned buildings and violently attacked guards and fellow prisoners before creating an “African” space, claiming cultural nationalism with makeshift dashikis and drums, in a segment of the compound that they held for several weeks. It analyzes the events leading to the investigation of Major Lavell Merritt, who got extensive newspaper coverage when he charged in 1968 that the US Army was a “citadel of racism.” In both cases, Army leaders were reluctant to acknowledge the role of race and racism in the events.
Education and Training
Authors: Bailey Beth
Published: May 2024

Institutional logic dictated that the US Army would see education and training as a key solution to its racial crisis. The Army chief of staff made race relations training mandatory, shifting training hours to focus on race even as leaders worried that new inductees were insufficiently trained for combat in Vietnam. Army leaders demonstrated how flexible and creative the institution could be when confronted with a major problem by employing the T-group, sensitivity training, and encounter group methods adopted by forward-thinking corporations and public institutions in the early 1970s. These techniques, however, in efforts to produce “authenticity,” had the potential to take a functioning unit and create divisions among its members, especially in the hands of semi-trained facilitators. This chapter traces the rise and function of the Department of Defense Race Relations Institute (DRRI) and the work of psychiatrist Avrom Segal at Fort Benning.
I’m Doing the Sort … in the Shadow of Lenin’s Tomb!
Authors: Elmore Bart
Published: May 2024

This is the first environmental history of FedEx, a firm headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee. Drawing on interviews with FedEx officials, it shows how environmental factors, such as concerns about Gulf Coast storms and snowy weather in the north, led to the siting of FedEx in Memphis. Building on Delta’s hub-and-spoke model, FedEx focused on the “small-package” market that was not being served by major airlines traveling to bigger cities. But that hub-and-spoke system would lead to major greenhouse gas emissions, which is the subject of the following chapter.
What We Want to Do Is Cut the Supply Chain
Authors: Elmore Bart
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores FedEx’s rapid global expansion into Asian markets in the 1990s and beyond and the environmental effects of that growth. It exposes the problems with FedEx and other businesses using the term “carbon emissions intensity” to measure their progress on solving climate change. “Carbon emissions intensity” is a measure of a firms’ greenhouse gas emissions in relation to its total revenue generated each year. Companies like FedEx laud the fact that their “carbon emissions intensity” has been declining dramatically in recent decades, making it seem as if the firm’s total greenhouse gas footprint has been radically diminishing, when in fact this is not true.
Allotment and its Discontents
Authors: Kantrowitz Stephen
Published: May 2024

Ho-Chunk people expelled to lands west of the Mississippi came under the supervision of US officials who sought to remake them into landowning farmers and restrict them to only those lands. Under the broad umbrella of the policy of “civilization,” they sought to persuade or coerce Ho-Chunk people into accepting the division of their common lands into individual holdings (increasingly known as allotments), with a view of incorporating them into the US republic, perhaps even as citizens. Citizenship in these circumstances was less a promise of equality than it was a way of dissolving the tribal and treaty relationship that kept Native people’s lands off the market and out of reach of American settlers. Each new treaty brought more stringent demands that the Ho-Chunk accept these policies, and US officials withheld promised annuities to extract further concessions. In the 1850s Ho-Chunk leaders, notably Coming Thunder Winnesheik, pressed back against these demands and sought to thwart or delay US efforts to bring these policies into operation.
Citizens, Wards, and Outlaws
Authors: Kantrowitz Stephen
Published: May 2024

During the 1860s Ho-Chunk people confronted numerous challenges to their lives, both in the exile diaspora west of the Mississippi and in their ancestral homeland. The US-Dakota War provided the excuse to seize their Minnesota lands and banish them farther west, US policies sought to reduce them to wardship, and resurgent settler movements sought to expel those who had remained in Wisconsin. But Reconstruction policymaker’s effort to define national citizenship—a process intended to secure the rights of former slaves–raised the question of Native people’s status under the citizenship clauses of the Civil Rights Act (1866) and Fourteenth Amendment. Congressmen struggled to define citizenship in a way that asserted the nation’s fundamental jurisdiction over Native lands without incorporating Native people as equal citizens. This tension provided openings for Ho-Chunks and other Native people to claim civic membership, and therefore the right to remain on their lands, through the adoption of American styles of clothing—what officials dubbed “Citizens Clothing” or “Citizens Dress”—or, more radically, by claiming that they had so fully embraced “civilization” that they merited naturalization as US citizens.
A Feeling
Authors: Sanders Johnson Grace
Published: May 2024

This chapter is a dwelling space that attends to Haitian women organizers’ uncertainty and melancholy regarding their role as leaders and the efficacy of the movement. Using letters between organizers that recounted the isolation and mundanity of their political lives, the women’s correspondences relay a feminist practice that was reflexive and informed by accountability and care.
Conclusion
Authors: Sanders Johnson Grace
Published: May 2024

This chapter considers the practice of archival offering as a Haitian feminist practice exercised across generations of the women’s movement. Set in the office of former LFAS president Paulette Poujol Oriol’s office, the chapter returns to her storytelling about the dispersal of the organization’s archive and the significance of archiving for the politics of the movement.
Latinos and a Governing Majority
Authors: Mantler Gordon K.
Published: May 2024

Championing everything from the sanctuary movement to basic Latino political representation, a cross-class coalition of grassroots activists and campaign workers in the city’s Latino communities would make or break a Black mayor’s attempt to reform city politics and policies – first in the 1986 council elections when Luis Gutierrez and Jesus “Chuy” Garcia were elected after redistricting and then in the mayor’s own reelection campaign in 1987. It was the starkest reminder yet to Harold Washington and his diverse group of aides that African Americans and Latinos relied on each other, often uneasily, to wield power in the city. Chicago proved a microcosm for progressive urban political coalitions including Latino politics across the country, both in its fragility and what could be accomplished if coalition partners listened to and trusted one another. For a brief moment, governance in the Windy City provided just such a model.
The Growth of the Slave-Based Health Care Economy, 1800–1861
Authors: McQueeney Kevin
Published: May 2024

Chapter 2 details how the institution of slavery permitted the growth of the racialized health care system in the antebellum period, including private hospitals, Charity Hospital, two medical schools, and the practices of individual physicians. Private infirmaries called “slave hospitals” proliferated, buoyed by profits for providing care for enslaved individuals, paid by their enslavers. While not considered a “slave hospital,” Charity Hospital strengthened its connections to slavery. The hospital continued to treat the increasing number of arriving enslaved people suffering from illness and bound for the slave market, owned and sold enslaved laborers, and derived income from donations from large enslavers. This chapter also explores the growth of the medical schools and the emergence of New Orleans as the “medical metropolis of the South,” a process deeply connected to slavery. Physicians derived prestige and wealth through exploitation and experimentation on enslaved people and passed down ideas of scientific racism to the next generation of doctors. Finally, this chapter examines the origins of an alternate Black health care field. Antebellum New Orleans was a Black health center, with Black doctors with medical degrees, others with informal training, and Black nurses, midwives, and folk and spiritual healers.
Kouzen’s Makout
Authors: Nwokocha Eziaku Atuama
Published: May 2024

Practicing Vodou is intimately tied to economics—the financial capacities of individuals, of temples, and of whole communities. Examining the exchange of goods and money in religious communities reveals what is required to maintain religious practice and the values and beliefs that animate faith traditions. This chapter focuses on Manbo Maude’s Vodou temple in Jacmel, Haiti as a site of religious innovation that reflects the dynamic relationship between gender and sexuality in relation to religious ritual labor, material aesthetics and spiritual embodiment. By focusing primarily on Jacmel, this chapter explores the intricacies of transnational labor relations and the spiritual work required to sustain long term commitments within Manbo Maude’s religious community. Inspired by the work of scholar of religion and feminist studies Judith Casselberry’s analysis of Black women’s “labor of faith,” the chapter explores the categories of intimate, emotional, and aesthetic labor in relation to Haitian Vodou (Casselberry, 2017). Manbo Maude showcases the faith labor necessary for the spirits, her practitioners, and her own financial stability. Additionally, the practice of negotiatory labor is introduced to understand the negotiations around money and resources that are necessary for ritual work and serving spirits such as the agricultural deity Kouzen Azaka.
REQUISIÇÃO ADMINISTRATIVA: ANÁLISE DO INSTITUTO E SEUS EFEITOS NO PLANO FÁTICO
Authors: Gomes Virginia Maria Marques Quirino , Stakoviak Júnior Paulo Beli Moura
Published: May 2024

Este artigo cientifico objetiva discorrer sobre a intervenção do Estado na propriedade privada, em especial no que concerne ao instituto administrativo da requisição. Versa, ainda, sobre os fundamentos da referida medida restritiva ao direito de propriedade, seus requisitos, aplicabilidade e efeitos, cujos desdobramentos serão especificados nesta pesquisa. No plano fático foi posto à análise a aplicação do instrumento pelo Município de Palmas, quando da requisição dos bens móveis, ônibus, de três concessionárias que executavam o serviço de transporte coletivo urbano na cidade, via concessão.
CRISE NA SAÚDE PÚBLICA NORTE-AMERICANA: FENTANIL
Authors: Sequeira Rayanne Teixeira de , Andrade Leonardo Guimarães de
Published: May 2024

O Fentanil é um analgésico opióide usado clinicamente para alívio da dor imediata em procedimentos simples, a droga desencadeou uma crise na saúde pública Norteamericana. A dependência dessa substância representa riscos de vida, já que sua alta potência tem levado uma onda devastadora de overdoses. A legalização da sua produção associada em certos medicamentos trouxe consequências, reveladas muito tardiamente, tornando complexo a resposta à crise pelo governo dos Estados Unidos. Com o aumento de popularidade da droga no mercado clandestino urbano, muitas vezes combinado com outras substâncias de abuso de distribuição ilícita, a situação têm criado desafios herméticos para as autoridades conterem suas consequências a população. O objetivo deste artigo é expor as falhas do sistema de saúde pública privado americano, que muitas vezes deixa os mais pobres sem acesso adequado ao tratamento e prevenção, concomitante, ao controle da circulação da droga e seu papel no tráfico. O impacto do comércio ilegal de drogas não só afeta os usuários, mas também comunidades inteiras, aumentando a carga sobre os serviços de saúde. A atual crise na saúde pública Norte americana oferece um exemplo do qual o mundo pode extrair lições importantes. A metodologia deste é feita por meio de uma ampla análise de artigos científicos relacionados a crise do fentanil, reuniu-se aqui suas causas, impactos e possíveis soluções, destacando a necessidade de políticas de saúde pública abrangentes, investimento na prevenção e tratamento, procurar abordagens mais ampla para enfrentar as raízes socioeconômicas do uso de drogas. Com isso podemos pode-se concluir que a crise do fentanil nos Estados Unidos tem valores a ensinar ao mundo e principalmente a comunidade farmacêutica. Diante da devastadora crise do fentanil nos Estados Unidos, é imperativo reconhecer a necessidade urgente de uma abordagem abrangente e coordenada para lidar com os desafios relacionados ao abuso de substâncias e à saúde pública. Isso requer não apenas políticas eficazes de prevenção e tratamento, mas também uma profunda reflexão sobre as causas subjacentes do uso de drogas e as disparidades socioeconômicas que exacerbam a crise. Além disso, é crucial que os esforços sejam realizados em nível global, reconhecendo que a crise do fentanil é apenas um exemplo das muitas questões de saúde pública que transcendem fronteiras nacionais. Aprendendo com as lições oferecidas por esta crise, podemos trabalhar juntos para construir um futuro mais saudável e resiliente para todas as comunidades.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES SOCIOLINGUÍSTICAS PARA O ENSINO DA LINGUA-MATERNA
Authors: Jesus Aline Conde de
Published: May 2024

Destacam-se neste artigo as contribuições dos estudos linguísticos no ensino da Língua materna, tendo como objetivo geral enfatizar a importância de o professor ter consciência e conhecimento mais abrangente sobre a ciência Sociolinguística: o que ela é, o que significa e quais são as suas propostas para o ensino da Língua Portuguesa em sala de aula. Pretende-se mostrar, também, que, por meio da aquisição desse conhecimento, é possível aplicá-lo no contexto da sala de aula como método de comunicação, pois, através do discurso dos alunos, podemos identificar as suas facilidades e as suas dificuldades. A forma de expressão pessoal, a “fala”, não deve ser vista com preconceitos nem deve servir de parâmetro para comparações, mas ser utilizada para melhorar as práticas pedagógicas e ser base para estimular cada aluno a ampliar a sua linguagem, buscando outras formas de se expressar, construindo uma reflexão sobre a diversidade da nossa Língua e conscientizando-se da importância em adquirir o conhecimento da norma padrão.
PROTOCOLO DE ADOÇÃO DE POTRO ÓRFÃO – RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Braga Kauê Alves , Araújo Kleberson Conrado
Published: May 2024

O instinto materno é definido pelo cuidado da mãe com seu neonato, isso inclui os cuidados primários, interações sociais, amamentação, visto que o colostro é de suma importância para o desenvolvimento saudável da cria, proteção contra possíveis perigos e predadores. Sabe-se que um bom instinto materno é um componente primordial para a sobrevivência e crescimento da cria. O manejo de potros órfãos é um grande desafio na neonatologia equina, isso porque exige cuidados frequentes e também de trabalho intensivo, visto que é nesse momento que o potro necessita de cuidados nutricionais mais eficazes.
Nivel de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado en familiares de pacientes hospitalizados
Authors: Carreño Saucedo Leticia , Bobadilla Beltrán Salvador , Cardoso Jiménez Daniel
Published: May 2024

El objetivo fue identificar el nivel de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado en los familiares de pacientes hospitalizados en un hospital del Estado de México. Se realizo en la sala de espera, participaron 30 voluntarios mayores de 18 años, de sexo indistinto, con algún parentesco con el hospitalizado, con el requisito de llevar más de 12 horas en espera. Se aplico el Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado (IDARE), con tres niveles de ansiedad: bajo, medio y alto. El tipo de estudio fue de corte trasversal, con un diseño de tipo no experimental, se describen y analizan los niveles de ansiedad. En Ansiedad-Rasgo los resultados obtenidos muestran que el 36.7% de los familiares se encuentran con un nivel medio y el 63.3% en el nivel alto. En la escala Ansiedad-Estado (cómo se siente ahora mismo) el 70% de los familiares de los pacientes hospitalizados se encontraron en un nivel de ansiedad medio y un 30% presentan un nivel alto de ansiedad. Se concluye por tanto que los familiares de los pacientes que se encuentran hospitalizados presentan ansiedad de un nivel que va de medio al alto.
El impacto del docente para prevenir la drogadicción en estudiantes de una IES, a través de una vida saludable
Authors: López Botello Felisa Yaerim , Contreras Flores Zulema Yavel , Nicolás González Isabel
Published: May 2024

En la actualidad los estudiantes se enfrentan a múltiples incitaciones negativas, ya sea por parte de los amigos, la familia, las redes sociales y la propia sociedad. Encontrándose así en una situación indefensa, orillándolos a tomar decisiones erróneas, como son el uso de drogas. El uso, abuso de las drogas son un problema de salud que puede afectar a cualquier persona sin importar la edad o el sexo, pero los adolescentes y jóvenes son los más vulnerables a desarrollar abuso y adicción, derivado que en estas etapas existe la búsqueda de la autonomía y la identidad personal para adquirir una independencia propia. En esta investigación se retomó la Teoría del Desarrollo Psicosocial de Erik Erikson y la Teoría Sociocognitiva de Albert Bandura. De ahí que la escuela, la familia y la sociedad son la base que debe encargarse de la acción preventiva, por lo que los docentes tienen un papel fundamental y deben poseer los conocimientos precisos para poder realizar los cambios necesarios en los estudiantes, a fin de motivarlos a llevar una vida saludable mediante aprendizajes significativos. El objetivo de la investigación fue diagnosticar el impacto del docente, para prevenir la drogadicción en estudiantes de una IES, a través de una vida saludable. El enfoque fue mixto, a través de la técnica de la encuesta, haciendo uso del instrumento del cuestionario aplicado a estudiantes de la institución objeto de estudio durante el año 2022.
Sistema de gestión para compras de materiales abrasivos
Authors: Cortés Hernández Patricia , Pecina Rivas Erika María , Cuellar Orozco Armando
Published: May 2024

La presente investigación tiene como fin realizar un análisis en el departamento de abastecimiento de materiales abrasivos para satisfacer la demanda de las áreas de almacén y producción , con la intención de minimizar los retrasos en la fabricación por la falta de material, así como disminuir la elaboración de órdenes de compra semanal, generando una al mes, para optimizar los procesos y aumentar los días de crédito que otorgan los proveedores, cabe mencionar que la empresa trabaja de acuerdo con las necesidades de cada cliente y por proyectos, ocasionando una variabilidad de materiales, por lo que se tiene que tener constante interacción con los proveedores.
Adherencia al tratamiento nutricional, su relación con la composición corporal en pacientes sometidos a Hemodiálisis, SENETO 2023
Authors: Díaz Muciño Akari , Sánchez May María del Carmen , Bastida Reyes Mayte
Published: May 2024

A nivel nutricional, el presente trabajo busca visibilizar la importancia tratamiento nutricional en pacientes con hemodiálisis. Es una investigación de tipo observacional, analítico, transversal y prospectivo, llevada a cabo en la clínica de Hemodiálisis, servicios especializados en Nefrología Toluca, Estado de México (SENETO), y fue constituido por una población de 79 participantes, a quienes se valoró su composición corporal, utilizando un analizador de composición corporal marca SECA mBCA. Gracias a la recolección e interpretación de los datos, se observó una mayor participación por parte de hombres con un 55.7% mientras que las mujeres representaron el 44.3%, con una media de 42 años para el total de la población. Esto permitió identificar que la adherencia nutricional se encuentra comprometida y, como parte del tratamiento en muchos padecimientos, es de singular importancia, principalmente en las Enfermedades Renales Crónicas. En conclusión este tipo de pacientes sometidos a los procesos de hemodiálisis, presentan una pérdida de macro y micronutrimentos; conduciéndolos a un  estado de fragilidad nutricional,  teniendo en  consideración, el factor tiempo en su terapia; ya que, a mayor tiempo de tratamiento, mayores serán las alteraciones presentes a nivel de composición corporal.
Aerosol uncertainties in tropical precipitation changes for the mid-Pliocene warm period
Authors: Zhao Anni , Feng Ran , Brierley Chris M. , Zhang Jian , Hu Yongyun
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP, 3.3–3.0 Ma) was characterised by an atmospheric CO2 concentration exceeding 400 ppmv with minor changes in continental and orbital configurations. Simulations of this past climate state have improved with newer models but still show some substantial differences from proxy reconstructions. There is little information about atmospheric aerosol concentrations during the Pliocene, but previous work suggests that it could have been quite different from the modern period. Here we apply idealised aerosol scenario experiments to examine the importance of aerosol forcing on mPWP tropical precipitation and the possibility of aerosol uncertainty explaining the mismatch between reconstructions and simulations. The absence of industrial pollutants leads to further warming, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) becomes narrower and stronger and shifts northward after removal of anthropogenic aerosols. Though not affecting the location of monsoon domain boundary, removal of anthropogenic aerosol alters the amount of rainfall within the domain, increasing summer rain rate over eastern and southern Asia and western Africa. This work demonstrates that uncertainty in aerosol forcing could be the dominant driver in tropical precipitation changes during the mid-Pliocene: causing larger impacts than the changes in topography and greenhouse gases.
Observations of methane net sinks in the Arctic tundra
Authors: Donateo Antonio , Famulari Daniela , Giovannelli Donato , Mariani Arturo , Mazzola Mauro , Decesari Stefano , Pappaccogli Gianluca
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This study focuses on direct measurements of CO2 and CH4 turbulent eddy covariance fluxes in tundra ecosystems in the Svalbard Islands over a two-year period. Our results reveal dynamic interactions between climatic conditions and ecosystem activities such as photosynthesis and microbial activity. During summer, pronounced carbon uptake fluxes indicate increased photosynthesis and microbial methane consumption, while during the freezing seasons very little exchange was recorded, signifying reduced activity. The observed net summertime methane uptake is correlated with the activation and aeration of soil microorganisms, and it declines in winter due to the presence of snow cover and because of the low soil temperatures, but then rebounds during the melting period. CH4 fluxes are not significantly correlated with temperature, but are instead associated with wind velocity, suggesting that electron acceptor limitation may be stimulating methanotrophic communities. High temperature anomalies increase CO2 emissions, which may have the effect of limiting summer productivity and carbon sequestration. Positive methane fluxes (emissions) were observed during warm anomalies in winter. These findings emphasise the necessity of comprehending the dynamics of greenhouse gases in tundra ecosystems in order to mitigate climate change. Further research is required to elucidate the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases in dry tundra ecosystems.