bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity Oriented Design of Various Benzophenone Derivatives and Their in Vitro Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Sun Li , Wu Jie , Luo Min , Wang Xiaoli , Pan Man , Gou Zhaopin , Sun Dequn
Published: November 2011

A series of new substituted benzophenone derivatives was designed, synthesized and screened for their antifungal and antibacterial activities. The bioassays indicated that most of the synthesized compounds showed some antifungal activity against the tested phytopathogenic fungi, but lower antibacterial activities towards the five vibrios isolated from marine sources. The preliminary structure activity relationship (SAR) of the compounds was also discussed.
Thermal Infrared Spectrometer for Earth Science Remote Sensing Applications—Instrument Modifications and Measurement Procedures
Authors: Hecker Christoph , Hook Simon , Meijde Mark van der , Bakker Wim , Werff Harald van der , Wilbrink Henk , Ruitenbeek Frank van , Smeth Boudewijn de , Meer Freek van der
Published: November 2011

In this article we describe a new instrumental setup at the University of Twente Faculty ITC with an optimized processing chain to measure absolute directional-hemispherical reflectance values of typical earth science samples in the 2.5 to 16 µm range. A Bruker Vertex 70 FTIR spectrometer was chosen as the base instrument. It was modified with an external integrating sphere with a 30 mm sampling port to allow measuring large, inhomogeneous samples and quantitatively compare the laboratory results to airborne and spaceborne remote sensing data. During the processing to directional-hemispherical reflectance values, a background radiation subtraction is performed, removing the effect of radiance not reflected from the sample itself on the detector. This provides more accurate reflectance values for low-reflecting samples. Repeat measurements taken over a 20 month period on a quartz sand standard show that the repeatability of the system is very high, with a standard deviation ranging between 0.001 and 0.006 reflectance units depending on wavelength. This high level of repeatability is achieved even after replacing optical components, re-aligning mirrors and placement of sample port reducers. Absolute reflectance values of measurements taken by the instrument here presented compare very favorably to measurements of other leading laboratories taken on identical sample standards.
Le sujet et la toute-puissance maternelle
Authors: Lauret Monique
Published: November 2011

Cet article examine le point de passage auquel est soumis le sujet dans sa construction psychique, dans sa rencontre à l’Autre maternel. Point de passage de l’Autre symbolique de la présence-absence, à la mère réelle capable de frustration, où se produit le risque de fixation à ce moment psychique que Melanie Klein nomme position dépressive. État psychique que Lacan relie à ce deuxième temps du miroir dans lequel l’Autre réel apparaît dans sa puissance et son pouvoir d’anéantissement. Traumatisme initial de la rencontre à l’Autre et sa langue (Tuché) repris dans la nécessité répétée de cette mauvaise rencontre (automaton), auquel la femme est structurellement plus facilement sujette.
L'a-llusion. Il était perdu mais ne le savait pas...
Authors: Benhaïm Michèle
Published: November 2011

Ce texte propose une hypothèse relative à la jouissance maternelle postmoderne recelée dans une clinique adolescente de l’acte : la mère pourrait bien, en se présentifiant comme immédiatement barrée, empêcher, en ne pouvant investir libidinalement son enfant, le temps de l’illusion et donc celui de la désillusion. La conséquence de ce défaut de l’instant logique de voir, auquel vient se substituer le moment de conclure, produit un sujet ayant à exister comme divisé sans avoir pris acte de la perte qui le fonde, c’est-à-dire sans avoir traversé le temps pour comprendre. Comme si sa vie commençait par la conclusion... Le sujet existe ici avec un objet perdu, mais dont la perte ne repose pas sur le mythe d’une complétude antérieure.
La mère, la guerre et l'enfant
Authors: Boukobza Claude
Published: November 2011

L’Unité d’Accueil Mères-Enfants du Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis a été fondée pour traiter toutes les pathologies de la relation précoce mères-bébés, dans une perspective de prévention de la pathologie de l’enfant. L’équipe est actuellement particulièrement questionnée par les femmes arrivées en France à la suite de violences de guerre dans les pays d’Afrique sub-saharienne, souvent enceintes d’un enfant fruit d’un viol collectif, vivant dans l’isolement et la précarité les plus extrêmes. Comment la relation avec cet enfant qui représente, dans sa chair, l’horreur et la honte du traumatisme peut-elle s’établir ? Comment aider la mère à faire de cet étranger, souvent vécu comme persécuteur un « familier », qu’elle pourra inscrire dans un destin commun ? Comment enfin l’équipe peut-elle échapper à la sidération devant ces situations qui présentifient l’horreur ?
Haine maternelle et inceste père-fille
Authors: Govindama Yolande
Published: November 2011

Cet article traite de la relation singulière entre la mère et sa fille qui partagent un amour excessif où prédominent la haine et le fantasme d’infanticide maternel dans le cas de l’inceste père-fille. Cette relation est revisitée à travers le concept freudien de « dark continent » (continent noir) et celui de « ravage » de Lacan. En effet, si le « ravage » s’impose comme une traversée inévitable chez la femme dans sa relation à sa mère, il ne comporte pas de fantasme de meurtre, il s’agit bien dans le cas de l’inceste d’un échec de cette étape de la relation ravageante mère-fille. L’article pose la question de l’inceste père-fille comme la réalisation d’un inceste avec la mère primitive.
Propos sur le complexe de Moïse
Authors: Szejer Myriam
Published: November 2011

L’humain a besoin des mots de son passé pour vivre dans sa véritable identité. Un enfant, dès son plus jeune âge, a le droit de grandir dans son histoire, celle qui a présidé à sa conception et a façonné son développement fœtal sans disjonction d’avec celle d’après sa naissance. L’exploitation de l’amnésie infantile consistant à nier l’existence de souvenirs oubliés du début de la vie d’un sujet est une négation d’une partie fondamentale de celui-ci. Les abandonnés peuvent exprimer dès le début de leur vie des signes traduisibles en demande de sens. C’est entre les lignes de leur histoire et de la nomination que s’ouvre pour eux l’accès au symbolique. Pour aider un orphelin à vivre sa destinée particulière au mieux, il faut admettre qu’il doit supporter toute sa vie les traces d’une blessure primordiale autant réelle que symbolique et à chaque niveau incicatrisable. Sa déstinée, l’enfant adopté en gardera l’empreinte sur son chemin avec ce qui lui en aura couté. Il restera sans aucun doute fils de ses parents adoptifs, mais également fils de ses parents biologiques. La double loyauté, si elle ne fonctionne pas dans le registre légal, restera inscrite dans l’inconscient, et pourra être à l’origine de toutes sortes de symptômes souvent inexplicables.
Rêves d'un bonzaï tronqué
Authors: Mon Ramon A.
Published: November 2011

Dans le champ d’une théorie psychanalytique de la migration, nous présentons au lecteur l’étude d’une immigrante chinoise qui entreprend une psychanalyse du fait d’un état dépressif récurrent. À travers certains de ses rêves, nous présentons la problématique inconsciente associée à sa qualité d’émigrante chinoise et aux conditions familiales et sociales qui ont entouré son processus migratoire. Comme le verra le lecteur, les rêves de cette immigrante reflètent les souffrances, les pertes et les intégrations psychiques ultérieures qu’elle réussit grâce au temps et à son traitement. Le rêve du Bonsaï tronqué reflète avec exactitude la rupture avec les racines (pays, histoire, ethnie et culture) dont peut souffrir chaque émigrant et la question de savoir comment on peut survivre à une rupture de cette nature. Nous suivons l’histoire de cette émigrante depuis qu’elle quitte son village en Chine et son développement ultérieur, personnel et professionnel.
La législation sur l'usage du titre de psychothérapeute
Authors: Sédat Jacques
Published: November 2011

L’historique des différentes étapes qui ont marqué les débats et les textes législatifs successifs depuis 1995, à propos du statut de la psychanalyse face à l’introduction de la fonction de psychothérapeute, permet de mieux comprendre ce qu’ont été les positions soutenues par les associations de psychanalystes, durant toute cette période de latence jusqu’à la publication du décret d’application de l’article 91 de la loi HSPT, en mai 2011, qui reconnaît la spécificité de la formation au sein des associations de psychanalystes tout en fixant les conditions d’usage du titre de psychothérapeute et le rôle des Agence régionales de santé (ARS).
Seasonal variation of growth and yield performance of mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss) genotypes in Sri Lanka
Authors: Weerakoon SR , Somaratne S
Published: November 2011

Seasonal variations affect growth and yield of a crop, primarily by changing its phenological developmental processes. A study was conducted to establish the relationship between growth, yield and their seasonal variations using ten mustard accessions (AC 501, 515, 580, 790, 1099, 1814, 2122, 5088, 7788 and 8831). The field study was conducted in a site at Nagollagama in Kurunegala District during two growing seasons, Maha and Yala. There was a significant variation in agronomic and phenological characters in different mustard accessions between two seasons, Maha and Yala, and among the accessions (p ≤ 0.05). Plant growth was affected by variations in climatic conditions. Soil moisture was unlimited and comparatively steady in Maha, but significantly fluctuated during Yala. Difference in soil nutrients, temperature and relative humidity during two seasons also contributed the variation in plant growth. Significantly high yields were obtained from all mustard accessions during the Maha season. There is a substantial variability of yield potential in different mustard genotypes in studied. Three mustard accessions (AC 580, AC 5088 and AC 7788) produced significantly higher yield in Maha and AC 7788 produced highest yield in Yala season as well, showing adaptability to seasonal variations. Key words: Growth; Maha and Yala seasons; mustard accessions; yield; phenological developmentDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jas.v6i1.3807 The Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2011 Vol.6(1) 1-15
Evaluation of five DNA extraction methods in the detection of Salmonella enterica from meat using nested PCR
Authors: Rathnayaka RMUSK
Published: November 2011

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based detection methods have received significant attention in food borne microbial pathogen detection. However, reliability and sensitivity of these methods are highly depending on the extraction of adequate amount of pure DNA using appropriate extraction method. Hence, selection of appropriate DNA extraction method is very important in PCR based detection of microbial pathogens. In this study, the extraction efficiency of five commonly used DNA extraction methods was evaluated. Salmonella enterica was used as experimental organism and five extraction methods were tested for their ability to extract DNA from spiked pork meat samples. Pork meat samples were incubated for four hours after being added a dilution series (100 - 103 CFU/mL) of Salmonella enterica culture. Then DNA was extracted from those samples by the five commonly used DNA extraction methods. Using extracted DNA, fliC gene of Salmonella was amplified by Nested PCR. Out of those five methods, the modified Fontana and Kapperd methods were found to be more effective in DNA extraction. In addition, those methods gave high detection sensitivity of 101CFU/mL in Nested PCR amplification. Keywords: DNA extraction; Nested PCR; Salmonella, Fontana, Kapperd DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jas.v6i1.3809 The Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2011 Vol.6(1) 24-31
Heart Check: The Development and Evolution of an Organizational Heart Health Assessment
Authors: Golaszewski Thomas , Fisher Brian
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

The purpose of this article is to document the development, testing, and application of an organizational assessment tool used to measure employer support for heart health. Additional information is presented on its future research and applications plan.

Design.

This article represents the pooling of results from multiple studies using a variety of designs, including pilot tests, cross-sectional analyses, and quasi-experiments.

Setting.

Worksites covering the spectrum of employers across industry types and size, and throughout all of New York State.

Subjects.

Over 10,000 New York employees and 1000 New York employers are represented in the multiple phases of this research.

Measures.

Heart Check is a 226-item inventory designed to measure such features in the worksite as organizational foundations, administrative supports, tobacco control, nutrition support, physical activity support, stress management, screening services, and company demographics. Additional side studies used professional judgments and behavioral surveys.

Results.

As an assessment tool Heart Check shows evidence for reliability and validity. Applications of the instrument show characteristics that define high-scoring companies, quasi standards for New York employers, and, when applied during interventions, positive changes in organizational support levels.

Conclusions.

A relatively inexpensive, easy-to-use, and metrically tested instrument exists for measuring the construct of organizational support for employee heart health. The instrument shows promise as part of a system to enhance heart health through public health-based interventions in the workplace.
Evaluation of a Community-Based Intervention to Promote Physical Activity in Youth: Lessons from Active Winners
Authors: Pate Russell R. , Saunders Ruth P. , Ward Dianne S. , Felton Gwen , Trost Stewart G. , Dowda Marsha
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

To test the effects of a community-based physical activity intervention designed to increase physical activity and to conduct an extensive process evaluation of the intervention.

Design.

Quasi-experimental.

Setting.

Two rural communities in South Carolina. One community received the intervention, and the other served as the comparison.

Subjects.

Public school students who were in fifth grade at the start of the study (558 at baseline) were eligible to participate. A total of 436 students participated over the course of the study.

Intervention.

The intervention included after-school and summer physical activity programs and home, school, and community components designed to increase physical activity in youth. The intervention took place over an 18-month period.

Measures.

Students reported after-school physical activity at three data collection points (prior to, during, and following the intervention) using the Previous Day Physical Activity Recall (PDPAR). They also completed a questionnaire designed to measure hypothesized psychosocial and environmental determinants of physical activity behavior. The process evaluation used meeting records, documentation of program activities, interviews, focus groups, and heart rate monitoring to evaluate the planning and implementation of the intervention.

Results.

There were no significant differences in the physical activity variables and few significant differences in the psychosocial variables between the intervention and comparison groups. The process evaluation indicated that the after-school and summer physical activity component of the intervention was implemented as planned, but because of resource and time limitations, the home, school, and community components were not implemented as planned.

Conclusions.

The intervention did not have a significant effect on physical activity in the target population of children in the intervention community. This outcome is similar to that reported in other studies of community-based physical activity intervention.
ADA Compliance and the Accessibility of Physical Activity Facilities in Western Oregon
Authors: Cardinal Bradley J. , Spaziani Marc D.
Published: November 2011

Objectives.

One of the mandates of Title III of the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) is to address the accessibility of public facilities for all people. The aim of this study was to determine how compliant physical activity facilities in western Oregon were with regard to Title III of the ADA. Comparisons were also made with the findings of a study conducted 5 years prior in a different geographic region.

Methods.

On the basis of direct observations and physical measurements taken during on-site visits to 50 physical activity facilities located in western Oregon during 2000–2001, facility compliance with Title III of the ADA was characterized in terms of 10 structural domains.

Results.

No facility was found to be 100% ADA-compliant. Exterior entrance/doors (90%) and telephone accessibility (88%) were the areas where compliance was highest, whereas accessibility to and around exercise equipment (8%) and customer service desk (37%) were areas lowest in compliance. Relative to a previously published study, the facilities in western Oregon showed greater rates of ADA compliance in six of the 10 structural domains evaluated.

Conclusions.

There is an on-going need and legal mandate for increasing the accessibility of physical activity facilities. Furthermore, from a social-ecological perspective, the environmental constraints identified in this study might be limiting factors in efforts aimed at increasing individuals with disabilities' physical activity involvement.
Building Capacity for Heart Health Promotion: Results of a 5-Year Experience in Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: MacLean David R. , Farquharson Jane , Heath Stephanie , Barkhouse Kari , Latter Celeste , Joffres Christine
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

To present the outcomes of a capacity-building initiative for heart health promotion.

Design.

Follow-up study combining quantitative and qualitative methods.

Setting.

The Western Health Region of Nova Scotia, Canada.

Subjects.

Twenty organizations, including provincial and municipal agencies and community groups engaged in health, education, and recreation activities.

Intervention.

Two strategies were used for this study: partnership development and organizational development. Partnership development included the creation of multilevel partnerships in diverse sectors. Organizational development included the provision of technical support, action research, community activation, and organizational consultation.

Measures.

Quantitative data included number and type of partnerships, learning opportunities, community activation initiatives, and organizational changes. Qualitative data included information on the effectiveness of partnerships, organizational consultation, and organizational changes.

Results.

Results included the development of 204 intersectoral partnerships, creation of a health promotion clearinghouse, 47 workshops attended by approximately 1400 participants, diverse research products, implementation of 18 community heart health promotion initiatives, and increased organizational capacity for heart health promotion via varied organizational changes, including policy changes, fund reallocations, and enhanced knowledge and practices.

Conclusions.

Partnership and organizational development were effective mechanisms for building capacity in heart health promotion. This intervention may have implications for large-scale, community-based, chronic-disease prevention projects.
Environmental and Policy Factors Associated with Overweight among Adults in Missouri
Authors: Catlin Tegan K. , Simoes Eduardo J. , Brownson Ross C.
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

To measure the association between environmental and policy factors (i.e., community perceptions, community infrastructure, and worksite infrastructure) and being overweight.

Design.

Cross-sectional data from the Missouri Cardiovascular Disease Survey, a one-time random-digit–dialed telephone interview of noninstitutionalized adults.

Setting.

Missouri, 1999 to 2000.

Subjects.

The response rate was 69.6%. A total of 2821 adults completed the interview. The sample was weighted to represent the population of Missouri: 52% female, 71% white, and 59% overweight.

Measures.

The survey comprised 92 closed-ended multiple-choice items. Overweight was defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 25 kg/m2 on the basis of self-reported height and weight.

Results.

After adjustment for demographic and behavioral factors, environmental variables associated with being overweight included negative (i.e., unsafe and unpleasant) community perceptions (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 2.3) and the absence of outdoor exercise facilities (OR = 1.2; CI = 1.0, 1.5). Worksite policy variables were not related to the outcome; however, negative community perceptions (OR = 2.8; CI = 1.5, 5.2) and the absence of sidewalks and shoulders (OR = 1.7; CI = 1.3, 2.4) were associated with overweight among employed persons.

Conclusions.

An ecological perspective, focusing on the physical and social environment, was adopted to address the subject of overweight and obesity. Results of this study show that negative perceptions of the physical environment and the absence of enabling infrastructure are modestly associated with overweight, in comparison with other known risk factors. Environmental and policy interventions that promote healthier lifestyles by encouraging physical activity and healthy eating may have an effect on reducing the prevalence of overweight and obesity.
Applying the Transtheoretical Model to Pregnancy and STD Prevention: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Horowitz Stephen M.
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

To conduct a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature on the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) and pregnancy and STD prevention.

Data Sources.

Computer database search (Applied Social Science Index and Abstracts [ASSIA], Biological Abstracts, Criminal Justice Abstracts, CINAHL-Allied Health, Current Contents, Current Index to Journals in Education, Education Index, ERIC, Excerpta Medica, Family Index, Index Medicus, Medline, Multicultural Education Abstracts, PsychInfo, Psychological Abstracts, Research Alert, Social Science Citation Index, Social Work Abstracts, and Sociological Abstracts), and manual journal search.

Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria.

All English, peer-reviewed, original articles on the TTM as it relates to pregnancy and STD prevention published prior to December 31, 2001, were included. Editorials, commentaries, theses/dissertations, unpublished studies, technical reports, and books were not included.

Data Extraction Methods.

Articles were categorized as Intervention, Population (stage distribution), or Validation studies. Within each category, articles were subdivided into groups, summarized, and analyzed.

Data Synthesis.

The 32 articles reviewed included 9 intervention studies, 11 population studies, and 12 validation studies. Studies represented a variety of U.S. populations of a broad demographic range. Evidence both for and against criterion-related and construct validity of the TTM was found.

Major Conclusions.

Age, partner type, gender, reasons for engaging in safer sex behaviors (i.e., pregnancy vs. disease prevention), self-efficacy, sexual assertiveness, and perceived advantages and disadvantages of condom use were related to stage of change. The use of the TTM to reduce risk of pregnancy and STDs is a relatively new, but important, area of research. However, because of the wide-ranging differences in methodologies and samples, no strong conclusions about its effectiveness can yet be made.
A 2-Year Stage of Change Evaluation of Dietary Fat and Fruit and Vegetable Intake Behaviors of Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients
Authors: Frame C. Jeffrey , Green Claudia G. , Herr David G. , Taylor Martha L.
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

To track the 2-year movement of cardiac rehabilitation patients through the stages of change for dietary fat reduction and increasing fruit and vegetable intake.

Design.

A cross-sectional, longitudinal evaluation of a convenience sample of cardiac rehabilitation patients.

Setting.

Department of Pulmonary and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital, Greensboro, North Carolina.

Subjects.

Subjects (n = 118) were predominately white, overweight, married men with a history of tobacco use.

Intervention.

Group nutrition education sessions for 12 weeks.

Measures.

Stage of change assessments for dietary fat reduction and increasing fruit and vegetable intake were performed at the start (baseline), conclusion (3 months), and 2 years after cardiac rehabilitation.

Results.

Baseline staging demonstrated patients' efforts to reduce dietary fat intake (preparation, 10.2%; action, 35.6%; maintenance, 47.5%). The assessment at 2 years staged 87.3% of the population in the maintenance stage. In contrast, the precontemplation (30.0%), contemplation (7.6%), and preparation (49.2%) stages dominated baseline staging for modifying fruit and vegetable intake. Patients in the precontemplation and contemplation stages increased to 58.5% at 2 years.

Conclusions.

Cardiac rehabilitation patients are in different stages for two food behaviors linked to the same illness. Results support the appropriateness of nutrition education that emphasizes instrumental information for affecting fat reduction behaviors. Modifying fruit and vegetable intake behaviors is more appropriately addressed with noninstrumental interventions that emphasize health benefits and barriers to change.
Using Self-Efficacy and a Transtheoretical Model to Develop a Physical Activity Intervention for Obese Women
Authors: Dallow Cindy Byfield , Anderson Jennifer
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

To assess the effectiveness of applying behavior change theory to a physical activity intervention for obese, sedentary women.

Design.

A 48-week randomized controlled trial. Subjects were randomized to one of two intervention groups.

Setting.

A university classroom and a local health club.

Subjects.

Fifty-eight sedentary, obese women.

Interventions.

A 24-week theory-based physical activity program that aims to change the way subjects think and behave in relation to physical activity (treatment group, n = 29) and a traditionally structured exercise program (control group, n = 29).

Measures.

Questionnaires on physical activity, stage of change, processes of change, and self-efficacy were completed at baseline, 24 weeks, and 48 weeks.

Results.

Twenty-seven of the 29 participants in the treatment group and 17 participants in the control group completed the study. Analysis of variance revealed significant and positive changes in measures of eight processes of change, self-efficacy, physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness in the treatment group at 24 weeks. All but one of these changes were maintained at 48 weeks. In the control group, significant changes occurred in only two processes of change, and no change occurred in self-efficacy, physical activity, or cardiorespiratory fitness at 24 or 48 weeks.

Conclusion.

A theory-based intervention is more likely to change the way obese women think and behave in relation to physical activity than a traditional exercise program that does not incorporate behavior change theory.
Correlates of Employees' Perceptions of a Healthy Work Environment
Authors: Lowe Graham S. , Schellenberg Grant , Shannon Harry S.
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

This study analyzed correlates of workers' perceptions of the extent to which their work environment is healthy and how these perceptions influence job satisfaction, employee commitment, workplace morale, absenteeism, and intent to quit.

Design.

One-time cross-sectional telephone survey.

Setting.

Canadian employees in 2000.

Subjects.

A randomly chosen, nationally representative sample of 2500 employed respondents, using a household sampling frame. The response rate was 39.2%. Self-employed individuals were excluded, leaving a subsample of 2112 respondents.

Measures.

The dependent variable was the response to the item, “The work environment is healthy” (5-point strongly agree–strongly disagree Likert scale). Independent variables used in bivariate and ordinary least-squares regression analyses included sociodemographic characteristics, employment status, organizational characteristics, and scales that measured job demands, intrinsic rewards, extrinsic rewards, communication/social support, employee influence, and job resources. Perceptions of a healthy work environment were related to job satisfaction, commitment, morale (measured on a 5-point scale), number of self-reported absenteeism days in the past 12 months, and whether or not the respondent had looked for a job with another employer in the past 12 months.

Results.

The strongest correlate of a healthy work environment was a scale of good communication and social support (beta = .27). The next strongest was a job demands scale (beta = –.15.) Employees in self-rated healthier work environments had significantly ( p < 0.01) higher job satisfaction, commitment and morale, and lower absenteeism and intent to quit.

Conclusions.

The study supports a comprehensive model of workplace health that targets working conditions, work relationships, and workplace organization for health promotion interventions.
Integrating Public Health Objectives in Transportation Decision-Making
Authors: Litman Todd
Published: November 2011

This perspective explores how transportation decision-making can better support public health objectives, including reduced crashes and pollution emissions and increased physical activity. Conventional transportation planning tends to overlook negative health impacts resulting from increased motor vehicle travel and potential health benefits from shifts to alternative modes. Raising the priority of health objectives supports planning reforms that result in a more balanced transportation system. Integrating health objectives into transportation planning may be a cost-effective way to improve public health.
Environmental and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity in Perth, Australia
Authors: Giles-Corti Billie , Macintyre Sally , Clarkson Johanna P. , Pikora Terro , Donovan Robert J.
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

To examine associations between environmental and lifestyle factors and overweight or obesity.

Design.

A cross-sectional survey and an environmental scan of recreational facilities.

Setting.

Metropolitan Perth, Western Australia.

Subjects.

Healthy sedentary workers and homemakers aged 18 to 59 years (n = 1803) living in areas within the top and bottom quintiles of social disadvantage.

Measures.

Four lifestyle factors, one social environmental factor, and five physical environment factors (three objectively measured).

Results.

After adjustment for demographic factors and other variables in the model, overweight was associated with living on a highway (odds ratio [OR], 4.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.62–11.09) or streets with no sidewalks or sidewalks on one side only (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.03–1.78) and perceiving no paths within walking distance (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.08–1.86). Poor access to four or more recreational facilities (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.11–2.55) and sidewalks (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, .98–2.68) and perceiving no shop within walking distance (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.01–3.36) were associated with obesity. Conversely, access to a motor vehicle all the time was negatively associated with obesity (OR, .56; 95% CI, .32–.99). Watching 3 or more hours of television daily (ORs, 1.92 and 1.85, respectively) and rating oneself as less active than others (ORs, 1.66 and 4.05, respectively) were associated with both overweight and obesity. After adjustment for individual demographic factors and all other variables in the model, socioeconomic status of area of residence and leisure-time physical activity were not associated with overweight or obesity.

Conclusion.

Factors that influence overweight and obesity appear to differ, but aspects of the physical environment may be important. Objectively measured neighborhood environment factors warrant further investigation.
Smoking Cessation Attempts in Relation to Prior Health Care Charges: The Effect of Antecedent Smoking-Related Symptoms?
Authors: Martinson Brian C. , O'Connor Patrick J. , Pronk Nicolaas P. , Rolnick Sharon J.
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

We hypothesize that elevated charges among former smokers reflect differential cessation of sicker individuals. We ascertained the relationship between prior health care charges and time to smoking cessation.

Design.

Prospective, observational study using panel survey data and administrative health plan records.

Setting.

A large managed care organization in Minnesota.

Subjects.

A stratified random sample of 8000 health plan members 40 years and older, yielding 611 current smokers at baseline.

Measures.

Smoking cessation measured via self-report survey. Health care charges, mortality, and disenrollment data derived from automated health plan databases.

Results.

Among smoking adults without chronic disease diagnoses at baseline, a first attempt at quitting smoking was positively associated with the presence of any inpatient charges (relative risk [RR], 1.9; p < .05) or any emergency department or urgent care charges (RR, 1.4; p < .10). We also observed positive associations between total charges and ambulatory charges in the top tertile (RR, 1.5 and 1.6, respectively; p < .05) with a first attempt at quitting smoking, further suggesting graded relationships. Among smoking adults with one or more of four chronic disease diagnoses at baseline, being in the top two tertiles of total charges or ambulatory care charges was predictive of a subsequent attempt at quitting smoking.

Conclusions.

Higher health care charges, particularly from ambulatory (primary care clinic) settings, predicted smoking cessation among both individuals with and without chronic diseases. These charges may be proxies for other factors, such as smoking-related symptoms or physician advice or messaging regarding smoking cessation.
Health Promotion in a Changing World: Preparing for the Genomics Revolution
Authors: Wilkinson John M. , Targonski Paul V.
Published: November 2011

All health professionals must become actively engaged in preparing for the genomics revolution. Healthy lifestyles will continue to be of utmost importance, and we must maintain a balance between health promotion activities and genomic-based tests and therapies. We must understand the specific changes likely to occur as advances in genomics are developed and applied to medicine, as well as their ethical, social, and legal implications. We must develop new, Web-based systems and new educational models to most appropriately incorporate these changes into routine practice. Finally, we must offer timely, useful advice and guidance to the public as well as to policymakers in order to maintain realistic expectations and to ensure adequate and balanced funding for health promotion initiatives and research.
in memoriam Marek Zvelebil
Authors: Bánffy Ezster
Published: November 2011

No more than 59 years was he given. Even though we were aware of his ill health, the notice that Professor Marek Zvelebil has passed away is still shocking. We have lost a colleague and friend, a bright light in prehistoric archaeology, who will be painfully missed.
Figurines in Pietrele: Copper Age ideology
Authors: Hansen Svend
Published: November 2011

Major trends in figurine production of the copper age settlement of Pietrele (Romania) are discussed. The bone figurines are seen as an ideological innovation of the Early Copper Age system in the Eastern Balkans.
Concepts of probability in radiocarbon analysis
Authors: Weninger Bernhard , Edinborough Kevan , Clare Lee , Jöris Olaf
Published: November 2011

In this paper we explore the meaning of the word probability, not in general terms, but restricted to the field of radiocarbon dating, where it has the meaning of ‘dating probability assigned to calibrated 14C-ages’. The intention of our study is to improve our understanding of certain properties of radiocarbon dates, which – although mathematically abstract – are fundamental both for the construction of age models in prehistoric archaeology, as well as for an adequate interpretation of their reliability.
A new approach to the problem of the Neolithisation of the North-Pontic area: is there a north-eastern kind of Mediterranean Impresso pottery
Authors: Gaskevych Dmytro
Published: November 2011

Potsherds from a few vessels with Cardium decoration were recently found in old collections of some Neolithic sites of the Northern Black Sea area. A good samples of the valves of brackish water ostracods were discovered in the raw material in most of these vessels. This could indirectly indicate the presence of Neolithic settlements with Cardium pottery on what is now a flooded region of the northern Black Sea coast. Some data show that its inhabitants could have been the initial source of the Neolithisation of neighbouring inland territories. Thus, the whole local Neolithic in the region is interpreted as a northeastern branch of the Mediterranean Neolithic with Impresso and Cardium pottery.
Adaptation of settlement strategies to environmental conditions in southern Slovakia in the Neolithic and Eneolithic
Authors: Tóth Peter , Demján Peter , Griačová Kristina
Published: November 2011

Environmental conditions such as climate, topography, and soil conditions had an impact on prehistoric settlement strategies. By studying changes in settlement structure in the Nitra, Hron and Ipel’ valleys in southern Slovakia over the course of the Neolithic and Eneolithic, preferences for various climatic and topographic environments in different periods can be seen. Besides cultural and socio-economic factors, it can also be expected that changes in climate contributed to change in settlement patterns. Climatic changes in Neolithic and Eneolithic have been identified and correlated with major changes in socio-economic structure, as well as with known climate fluctuations in the North Atlantic area.
In search of past identities
Authors: Budja Mihael
Published: November 2011

This paper discuses the conceptualisation of ‘partible’ and ‘permeable’ dividual personhood in archaeology. It focuses on flows of substances as media which produce relations with others and are used in altering the composition of the person according to specific doctrines of practice. It presents the manipulation of the dead in funerary and other mortuary practices that may have been correlative with interpretations of identity in the past.
What can bodies do? Bodies and caves in the Karst Neolithic
Authors: Mlekuž Dimitrij
Published: November 2011

This paper discuses ways in which bodies – human and animal – were produced in the Neolithic of the Karst. Bodies are seen as cumulative processes shaped by forces of encounters with the material world, rather than as biological givens. Thus, the paper focuses on the process of embodiment mediated with other bodies and landscape, especially important places such as caves. It explores the unique ways in which caves affect bodies, and how these affected bodies created new societies. In the Neolithic Karst, everyday contacts and interactions between humans, animals, the landscape and caves and rock shelters profoundly changed all the participants. A new hybrid society emerged, consisting of human and non-human bodies.
L'hégémonie ethnique cyclique au nord Cameroun
Authors: Antoine Socpa
Published: November 2011

In North Cameroon, the oppositions between the main ethnic groups seem to follow different trajectories. For instance, the conflicts pitting the Arab Choa and Kotoko stem mainly from the 'autochtonous'/ 'allochtonous' divide, while those between Fulani and 'Kirdi' are based on a religious cleavage: Islam versus Paganism and Christianity. Beyond such primary semblances, the ethnic disparities in the access to or control over resources seem to be the common denominator to all conflict episodes, whether historic or recent, whether psychologically experienced or manifested in the form of violent confrontations. With data from the literature and from some rough observations of the political developments in North Cameroon, an attempt is made to analyse the economic, political and religious bases of ethnic conflicts in North Cameroon, as well as to show how, according to the different trajectories, the Arab Choa and Kotoko divide, the Fulani and Kirdi one, are constructed and used by socio-political and religious actors, resulting in a quasi-cyclical shift of power from one ethnic group to another.
5 - Empowering Agricultural Labour in Ethiopia: The Challenges to Training and Development
Authors: Belay Kassa
Published: November 2011

This paper reviews the historical development of agricultural education and training in Ethiopian institutions of higher learning. The review reveals that high level training in agriculture, which began in the early 1950s, has grown over the years. Today, the country has seven institutions of higher learning which train students in agriculture and related fields. The study shows that a host of factors, however, have put a stranglehold on the training process and the professional competence of agricultural graduates. Moreover, the results shed new light on the widening gap between the country's existing limited capacity to train agricultural labour and the ever increasing demand for highly skilled graduates in the sector. The study also reveals that the scarcity of highly qualified agricultural professionals, those with Bachelor's degree and above, has been accentuated and intensified through time.
3 - La chefferie traditionnelle au Cameroun: ambiguïtés juridiques et dérives politiques
Authors: Mback Charles Nach
Published: November 2011

It seems that traditional chiefdoms in Africa have never recovered from the trauma caused by their contact with the first European colonisers. The post- colonial state has perpetuated the emasculation of traditional authorities appointed by the colonisers. From devaluing status of servants of colonisation, traditional chiefs were enlisted in single party systems. In both cases, they have lost an important part of their creditworthiness among populations. The latter, however, remain sometimes devoted in spite of all. But these traditional chiefs have never had the opportunity to get back their original autonomy, neither legally, nor politically. As human communities, chiefdoms are sometimes undervalued within the local communities, sometimes equated with existing administrative districts. The new local administration system resulting from the new constitution does not bring any decisive and qualitative changes on these issues, whereas very few possibilities remain open for both constitutional and regulatory standpoints.
7 - An Empirical Analysis of Food Insecurity in Ethiopia: The Case of North Wello
Authors: Demeke Assefa , Ramakrishna G.
Published: November 2011

In this paper an attempt is made to assess food insecurity situation in the North Wello zone of Ethiopia using household data. To this end, a food balance sheet and an aggregate household food security index have been constructed and food insecurity causation has been studied using a logit model. The survival mechanisms of the people also have been recorded. The evidence suggests that the study area is highly food insecure and survival mechanisms are traditional. Along with food availability and entidement, attitudinal variables also influence food insecurity.
11 - Alternative Modes of Financing Higher Education in Nigeria and the Implications for University Governance
Authors: Aina Olabisi I.
Published: November 2011

The problems of under-funding and over-reliance on government funds remain a clog in the wheel for university governance in Nigeria. The inadequate funding of the universities has had profound effects on teaching and research, while universities in Nigeria have been forced to embark on income generating projects in order to source alternative funds. Using data from a recent study, this essay explores different alternative modes of financing higher education in Nigeria, and the implications for university governance. Four Nigerian universities were surveyed, while field data were collected using the questionnaire survey method, in-depth interview, direct observation of facilities and infrastructures, and focus group discussions (FGDs). The study found that Nigerian universities are now opening up to new innovations in the area of sourcing non- governmental funds. The process has serious implications for the quality of teaching and research, while commercial ventures being generated are fraught with problems of management, including issues of accountability, profitability, and sustainability. The paper prescribes ways of overcoming some of the governance problems confronting the university system in Nigeria, as it grapples with economic realities, and the achievement of its original mission statement - teaching and research, and the building of human minds.
2 - Fashion, Learning and Values in Public Management: Reflections on South African and International Experience
Authors: Gasper Des
Published: November 2011

New Public Management (NPM) has shaken up sleepy and self-serving public organisations. But it was spread like a religion: assumed to be modern, relevant and universally superior, despite having relatively little empirical backing. NPM has now lost much of its gloss, as experience of the massive transaction costs of radical reforms and of their often unfulfilled prerequisites mounts. An untried package was sold and bought. This paper looks for lessons. First, it discusses implications for the types of independent thinking and training required for public managers, including methods for thinking critically, caringly and creatively. Second, it takes a case study, a 1990s phenomenon parallel to but rather differ ent from NPM, South Africa's 'New Public Administration Initiative' (NPA1). The NPA1 made the move from rule-following 'administration' to outcomes oriented 'management', abolished the division between white-oriented 'Public Administration' and black-oriented 'Development Administration' and heavily invested in reforming educational infrastructure for public and development management, including for thinking independently, not swallowing packages from abroad. NPA1, however, has had to reflect on its intellectual identity for the longer-term, otherwise it may be sidelined or eaten by competitors, notably plain 'management'. This paper examines this rise of'management' and its threat to 'public' and 'development'. It argues the need to strengthen the 'public' ori entation by promoting a number of dimensions of that concept beyond merely 'State" and State-society interaction, and to keep alternative senses of'develop ment' and 'management' to the fore in order to prevent monopolisation of these terms by the ideas of the corporate world.