bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A rare case of extraluminally pedunculated gastrointestinal stromal tumor with postoperative metastasis to pancreas
Authors: Ogawa Shoko , Nishihara Masayoshi , Nakanishi Takaya , Maeda Tamaki , Hirota Seiichi
Published: September 2021

The gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common type of sarcomatous tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Many GISTs appear as submucosal tumors with intraluminal protrusion. GISTs with malignant features have a high risk of postoperative recurrence or metastasis, usually to the liver or peritoneum. We present a case of gastric GIST with double rarities: arising completely extraluminally with a pedicle and postoperative metastasis to the pancreas. A woman in her seventies diagnosed with a large extraluminal gastric GIST underwent complete removal of the tumor. Nine months later, a solitary metastatic tumor in the pancreas was detected. Imatinib controlled metastasis well for four years before the tumor became resistant. The patient then had a partial pancreatectomy with splenectomy. She is currently free from recurrence. We genetically analyzed the primary and metastatic GISTs and found known mutations related to poor prognosis and imatinib resistance.
Spontaneous soft tissue un-puckering of a surgical neck of humerus fracture: a case report
Authors: Olive Alistair , Jessup Jonathan , Mangat Karanjit
Published: September 2021

Fractures of the proximal humerus are commonly seen, and skin puckering is a rare clinical sign associated with such injuries. It is a relative indication to proceed with urgent surgical management due to the pending threat to soft tissue viability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe a spontaneous un-puckering of the soft tissues in such an injury and it resulted in subsequent successful non-operative treatment.
Molecular ecology of plant volatiles in interactions with insect herbivores
Authors: Zhou (周绍群) Shaoqun , Jander Georg
Published: September 2021

Plant-derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play pivotal roles in interactions with insect herbivores. Individual VOCs can be directly toxic or deterrent, serve as signal molecules to attract natural enemies, and/or be perceived by distal plant tissues as a priming signal to prepare for expected herbivory. Environmental conditions, as well as the specific plant–insect interaction being investigated, strongly influence the observed functions of VOC blends. The complexity of plant–insect chemical communication via VOCs is further enriched by the sophisticated molecular perception mechanisms of insects, which can respond to one or more VOCs and thereby influence insect behavior in a manner that has yet to be fully elucidated. Despite numerous gaps in the current understanding of VOC-mediated plant–insect interactions, successful pest management strategies such as push–pull systems, synthetic odorant traps, and crop cultivars with modified VOC profiles have been developed to supplement chemical pesticide applications and enable more sustainable agricultural practices. Future studies in this field would benefit from examining the responses of both plants and insects in the same experiment to gain a more complete view of these interactive systems. Furthermore, a molecular evolutionary study of key genetic elements of the ecological interaction phenotypes could provide new insights into VOC-mediated plant communication with insect herbivores.
A Scoping Review of Medical Laboratory Science and Simulation: Promoting a Path Forward with Best Practices
Authors: Webb Tera L , McGahee Jarkeshia , Brown Michelle R
Published: September 2021

Objective

In medical laboratory science, there is a need to enhance the clinical learning curriculum beyond laboratory skill and diagnostic interpretation competency. Incorporating simulation presents an opportunity to train and produce medical laboratory scientists with the skills to communicate and work effectively in an interprofessional healthcare team.

Methods

A scoping review was performed to (i) understand the landscape of research literature on medical laboratory science and simulation and (ii) provide a path for future research directions. The International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning Standards of Best Practice: Simulation were used as a guiding framework for literature that described simulation activities.

Results

Out of 439 articles from multiple databases, 32 were eligible for inclusion into this review. Of the 14 articles that described a simulation activity, only 3 described or partially described each component of the best practice criteria for simulation. Articles that did not describe the design and implementation of simulation (n = 18) consisted of 7 opinion-based papers, 4 narrative reviews, 5 case reports, and 2 empirical papers.

Conclusion

Despite increases in medical laboratory science with simulation, there is a need for more detailed empirical studies, more studies with an interprofessional context, and more methodological rigor.
A UFLC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of Urinary Podocin and Podocalyxin in Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Karatoy Erdem Bilge , Özcan Mualla , Yılmaz Vural Taner , Akkaya Bahar , Çetinkaya Ramazan , Ersoy Fevzi , Süleymanlar Gültekin , Akbas Halide
Published: September 2021

Objective

To create an efficient and robust mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous quantitation of podocin and podocalyxin in urine samples and to evaluate urinary podocin and podocalyxin levels in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS).

Methods

A mass spectrometric method was generated for the measurement of tryptic peptides in urine sediment. Separation of peptides was achieved via liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometric analyses were conducted by electrospray ionization triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode.

Results

Intra- and interassay precision values were below 12% and accuracies ranged from 87% to 111% for both of peptides. The validated method was successfully applied to detect these peptides in patients with NS. Urine podocin and podocalyxin levels were significantly higher in patients with NS compared to healthy controls.

Conclusions

This proposed mass spectrometric method provides technological evidence that will benefit the clinical field in the early diagnosis and follow-up of NS.
The School of Bourgeois Religion: Jewish Children, Emotions, and the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Salzer Dorothea M
Published: September 2021

Children’s literature, conceptualized as a means of enculturation, is a vehicle for transmitting a society’s or community’s shared values, and is designed to mould children’s behaviour according to what is thought appropriate. As such, it is a powerful cultural agent and consequently a valuable source in the historical study of emotions. This article sets out to explore what can be gained from looking at literature designed for the religious education of Jewish children as sources that shed light on the role of emotions in the process of religious modernization in Judaism. Based on the assumption that feelings are to be viewed as a form of knowledge which is transmitted, acquired, and acted out in specific cultural contexts, several criteria for analysing the verbalization, representation, and use of emotions in Jewish children’s literature are outlined by focusing on the subgenre of Jewish children’s bibles. This analysis allows us to explore how emotions unfolded in educational literature, and how they became an integral and transformative part of religious knowledge, self-assertion, (re)definition, and identity formation at a time of tremendous change for Judaism.
Vector hermeneutics: On the interpretation of vector space models of text
Authors: Dobson James E
Published: September 2021

Scholars working in computational literary studies are increasingly making use of text-derived vector space models, by which I mean numerical models of texts that represent the distribution or modeled relations among the vocabulary extracted from these texts. These models, as this essay will argue, call for distinct modes of humanistic interpretation and explication that are related to but distinct from those that may have been used on the original source texts. While vector space models are analyzed using increasingly complicated quantitative methods and the explanation of their operation requires statistical sophistication, my emphasis on humanistic interpretation is quite intentional. This essay theorizes two major categories of vector space models, the document-term matrix and neural language models, to position these models as not merely descriptions of texts but inscriptive representational objects that perform interpretive work of their own in order to demonstrate the need for a multi-level hermeneutics in computational literary studies.
The use of AR to preserve and popularize traditional Chinese musical instruments as part of the formation of the tourist attractiveness of the national art of Guizhou province
Authors: Hong Xin , Wu Yuan-Hua
Published: September 2021

This article explores augmented reality (AR) possibilities for the preservation of national cultural art, popularization of Chinese musical instruments among the youth, and meeting the tourist interest in the cultural heritage of China in a fascinating interactive form. Using the generated database containing information on traditional musical instruments of the Guizhou province, the authors have developed an AR application adapted for educational and tourist purposes. Its central aim was to acquaint people with traditional Chinese musical instruments in the context of familiarization with the national culture of China. Testing of the developed application was carried out by hundred students from Guizhou Minzu University (College of Tourism and Steward, the College of Media, the College of Music and Dance, and the College of Data Science and Information Engineering) as part of the National Culture and Art study course. As a result, the created AR app was proved to expand the understanding of the culture and traditions of the Chinese people, intensify the perception of national musical identity, increase interactivity-caused inspiration and involvement (89%), and enhance interest in new knowledge (93%). Based on the obtained research outcomes, a model for the popularization of traditional Chinese musical instruments in the structure of the integrated national tourism product of Guizhou province was developed. The article is believed to be useful for individuals studying the national cultural heritage of China and educators seeking innovative solutions that improve the educational practice.
Geometry of super-Łukasiewicz logics
Authors: Di Nola Antonio , Lenzi Giacomo , Vitale Gaetano
Published: September 2021

In this work, we provide constructions, characterizations, geometrical dualities and a McNaughton theorem for non-archimedean MV-algebras, which are the semantics of super-Łukasiewicz logics introduced by Komori.
The Privilege of Information—An Examination of the Defence of Therapeutic Privilege and its Implications for Pregnant Women
Authors: Finnerty Aoife M.
Published: September 2021

Though apparently in existence across common law countries, the defence of ‘therapeutic privilege’ receives scant judicial analysis in case law. The extent of its reach is unclear and its underpinning justification is shaky. Often it forms a throwaway remark or poorly explored caveat when the duty of a physician to disclose information is being examined, rather than receiving any detailed judicial scrutiny in its own right. Furthermore, despite references to it in case law, it is questionable if it has ever successfully been invoked as a defence in either England and Wales or Ireland. This piece examines this lack of clarity and the often-vague references to the existence of therapeutic privilege in both case law and professional guidelines, followed by a consideration of why the defence may be particularly problematic and unjustified in the context of childbirth and the immediate postpartum period. Considering the dangers of therapeutic privilege in pregnancy presents a timely opportunity to examine the issues with the use of the defence in all other healthcare contexts, focusing particularly on its impact on individual patient autonomy. Finally, this piece concludes by contending that therapeutic privilege ought to be abolished, if it truly exists at all.
Mind the gap: The role of family policies and the gender-egalitarian climate in shaping gender and ethnic labour market inequalities in Europe
Authors: Kanas Agnieszka , Steinmetz Stephanie
Published: September 2021

This study is related to a growing literature on the impact of a receiving context on immigrant labour market outcomes. Unlike previous comparative research, which has been primarily concerned with immigrant men, our focus is on immigrant women and the role of institutions particularly relevant to them. Using the European Union Labour Force Surveys (2011–5) augmented with country-level data, we estimate country fixed-effects models to study gender and ethnic inequalities in labour force participation across European countries. Our results underline the complexity of how family policies and gender-egalitarian contexts are related to gender and ethnic inequalities in the labour market. On the one hand, we find gender inequalities to be less pronounced in countries with more generous family policies and a higher gender-egalitarian climate. On the other hand, our results indicate that at the same time, the selected institutional characteristics are related to increased ethnic inequalities in the labour market.
Signature of the turbulent component of the solar dynamo on active region scales and its association with flaring activity
Authors: Abramenko Valentina I
Published: September 2021

It is a challenging problem to obtain observational evidence of the turbulent component of solar dynamo operating in the convective zone because the dynamo action is hidden below the photosphere. Here we present results of a statistical study of flaring active regions (ARs) that produced strong solar flares of an X-ray class X1.0 and higher during a time period that covered solar cycles 23 and 24. We introduced a magneto-morphological classification of ARs, which allowed us to estimate the possible contribution of the turbulent component of the dynamo into the structure of an AR. We found that in 72 per cent of cases, flaring ARs do not comply with the empirical laws of the global dynamo (frequently they are not bipolar ARs or, if they are, they violate the Hale polarity law, the Joy law, or the leading sunspot prevalence rule). This can be attributed to the influence of the turbulent dynamo action inside the convective zone on spatial scales of typical ARs. Thus, it appears that the flaring is governed by the turbulent component of the solar dynamo. The contribution into the flaring from these AR ‘violators’ (irregular ARs) is enhanced during the second maximum and the descending phase of a solar cycle, when the toroidal field weakens and the influence of the turbulent component becomes more pronounced. These observational findings are in consensus with a concept of the essential role of non-linearities and turbulent intermittence in the magnetic fields generation inside the convective zone, which follows from dynamo simulations.
The binary central star of the bipolar pre-planetary nebula IRAS 08005−2356 (V510 Pup)
Authors: Manick Rajeev , Miszalski Brent , Kamath Devika , Whitelock Patricia A , Van Winckel Hans , Hrivnak Bruce J , Barlow Brad N , Mohamed Shazrene
Published: September 2021

Current models predict that binary interactions are a major ingredient in the formation of bipolar planetary nebulae (PNe) and pre-planetary nebulae (PPNe). Despite years of radial velocity (RV) monitoring, the paucity of known binaries amongst the latter systems means data are insufficient to examine this relationship in detail. In this work, we report on the discovery of a long-period (P = 2654 ± 124 d) binary at the centre of the Galactic bipolar PPN IRAS 08005−2356 (V510 Pup), determined from long-term spectroscopic and near-infrared time-series data. The spectroscopic orbit is fitted with an eccentricity of 0.36 ± 0.05, which is similar to that of other long-period post-AGB binaries. Time-resolved Hα profiles reveal high-velocity outflows (jets) with deprojected velocities up to 231$_{-27}^{+31}$ km s−1 seen at phases when the luminous primary is behind the jet. The outflow traced by Hα is likely produced via accretion on to a main-sequence companion, for which we calculate a mass of 0.63 ± 0.13 M⊙. This discovery is one of the first cases of a confirmed binary PPN and demonstrates the importance of high-resolution spectroscopic monitoring surveys using large telescopes in revealing binarity among these systems.
Anomalous broad-line region responses to continuum variability in active galactic nuclei – I. Hβ variability
Authors: Gaskell C Martin , Bartel Kayla , Deffner Julia N , Xia Iris
Published: September 2021

In the standard active galactic nucleus (AGN) reverberation-mapping model, variations in broad-line region (BLR) fluxes are predicted from optical continuum variability (taken as a proxy for the ionizing continuum) convolved with a response function that depends on the geometry. However, it has long been known that BLR variability can deviate from these predictions. We analyse both extensive long-term Hβ and continuum monitoring of NGC 5548 and a large sample of high-quality Hβ light curves of other AGNs to investigate the frequency and characteristics of the anomalous responses of the BLR. We find that anomalies are very common and probably occur in every object. Onsets can be on a time-scale only slightly longer than the light-crossing time and durations are of the order of the characteristic time-scale of variability of the optical continuum to several times longer. Anomalies are larger when NGC 5548 is in a low state, but otherwise there is no correlation with continuum variability. There is abundant evidence for the optical continuum of AGNs varying independently of the higher-energy continua and this is sufficient to explain the anomalous responses of the total BLR flux. There are good reasons for believing that the frequent lack of correlation between spectral regions is due to anisotropic and non-axisymmetric emission. Rapid changes in line profiles and velocity-dependent lags are consistent with this. Motion of compact absorbing clouds across the line of sight is another possible cause of anomalies. The prevalence of anomalies should be considered when planning reverberation-mapping campaigns.
JexoSim 2.0: end-to-end JWST simulator for exoplanet spectroscopy – implementation and case studies
Authors: Sarkar Subhajit , Madhusudhan Nikku
Published: September 2021

The recently developed JWST Exoplanet Observation Simulator (JexoSim) simulates transit spectroscopic observations of exoplanets by JWST with each of its four instruments using a time-domain approach. Previously, we reported the validation of JexoSim against Pandexo and instrument team simulators. In the present study, we report a substantially enhanced version, JexoSim 2.0, which improves on the original version through incorporation of new noise sources, enhanced treatment of stellar and planetary signals and instrumental effects, as well as improved user-operability and optimizations for increased speed and efficiency. A near complete set of instrument modes for exoplanet time-series observations is now included. In this paper, we report the implementation of JexoSim 2.0 and assess performance metrics for JWST in end-member scenarios using the hot Jupiter HD 209458 b and the mini-Neptune K2-18 b. We show how JexoSim can be used to compare performance across the different JWST instruments, selecting an optimal combination of instrument and subarray modes, producing synthetic transmission spectra for each planet. These studies indicate that the 1.4 $\mu$m water feature detected in the atmosphere of K2-18 b using the Hubble WFC3 might be observable in just one transit observation with JWST with either NIRISS or NIRSpec. JexoSim 2.0 can be used to investigate the impact of complex noise and systematic effects on the final spectrum, plan observations and test the feasibility of novel science cases for JWST. It can also be customized for other astrophysical applications beyond exoplanet spectroscopy. JexoSim 2.0 is now available for use by the scientific community.
First deep images catalogue of extended IPHAS PNe
Authors: Sabin L , Guerrero M A , Ramos-Larios G , Boumis P , Zijlstra A A , Awang Iskandar D N F , Barlow M J , Toalá J A , Parker Q A , Corradi R M L , Morris R A H
Published: September 2021

We present the first instalment of a deep imaging catalogue containing 58 True, Likely, and Possible extended PNe detected with the Isaac Newton Telescope Photometric H α Survey (IPHAS). The three narrow-band filters in the emission lines of H α, [N ii] λ6584 Å, and [O iii] λ5007 Å used for this purpose allowed us to improve our description of the morphology and dimensions of the nebulae. In some cases even the nature of the source has been reassessed. We were then able to unveil new macro- and micro-structures, which will without a doubt contribute to a more accurate analysis of these PNe. It has been also possible to perform a primary classification of the targets based on their ionization level. A Deep Learning classification tool has also been tested. We expect that all the PNe from the IPHAS catalogue of new extended planetary nebulae will ultimately be part of this deep H α, [N ii], and [O iii] imaging catalogue.
AbacusSummit: a massive set of high-accuracy, high-resolution N-body simulations
Authors: Maksimova Nina A , Garrison Lehman H , Eisenstein Daniel J , Hadzhiyska Boryana , Bose Sownak , Satterthwaite Thomas P
Published: September 2021

We present the public data release of the AbacusSummit cosmological N-body simulation suite, produced with the Abacus N-body code on the Summit supercomputer of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility. Abacus achieves $\mathcal {O}(10^{-5})$ median fractional force error at superlative speeds, calculating 70M particle updates per second per node at early times, and 45M particle updates per second per node at late times. The simulation suite totals roughly 60 trillion particles, the core of which is a set of 139 simulations with particle mass $2\times 10^{9}\, h^{-1}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ in box size $2\, h^{-1}\, \mathrm{Gpc}$. The suite spans 97 cosmological models, including Planck 2018, previous flagship simulation cosmologies, and a linear derivative and cosmic emulator grid. A subsuite of 1883 boxes of size $500\, h^{-1}\, \mathrm{Mpc}$ is available for covariance estimation. AbacusSummit data products span 33 epochs from z = 8 to 0.1 and include light cones, full particle snapshots, halo catalogues, and particle subsets sampled consistently across redshift. AbacusSummit is the largest high-accuracy cosmological N-body data set produced to date.
ALMA and NOEMA constraints on synchrotron nebular emission from embryonic superluminous supernova remnants and radio–gamma-ray connection
Authors: Murase Kohta , Omand Conor M B , Coppejans Deanne L , Nagai Hiroshi , Bower Geoffrey C , Chornock Ryan , Fox Derek B , Kashiyama Kazumi , Law Casey , Margutti Raffaella , Mészáros Peter
Published: September 2021

Fast-rotating pulsars and magnetars have been suggested as the central engines of superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) and fast radio bursts, and this scenario naturally predicts non-thermal synchrotron emission from their nascent pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). We report results of high-frequency radio observations with ALMA and NOEMA for three SLSNe (SN 2015bn, SN 2016ard, and SN 2017egm), and present a detailed theoretical model to calculate non-thermal emission from PWNe with an age of ∼1−3 yr. We find that the ALMA data disfavours a PWN model motivated by the Crab nebula for SN 2015bn and SN 2017egm, and argue that this tension can be resolved if the nebular magnetization is very high or very low. Such models can be tested by future MeV–GeV gamma-ray telescopes such as AMEGO.
Revisiting the luminosity and redshift distributions of long gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Lan Guang-Xuan , Wei Jun-Jie , Zeng Hou-Dun , Li Ye , Wu Xue-Feng
Published: September 2021

In this work, we update and enlarge the long gamma-ray burst (GRB) sample detected by the Swift satellite. Given the incomplete sampling of the faint bursts and the low completeness in redshift measurement, we carefully select a subsample of bright Swift bursts to revisit the GRB luminosity function (LF) and redshift distribution by taking into account the probability of redshift measurement. Here we also explore two general expressions for the GRB LF, i.e. a broken power-law LF and a triple power-law LF. Our results suggest that a strong redshift evolution in luminosity (with an evolution index of $\delta =1.92^{+0.25}_{-0.37}$) or in density ($\delta =1.26^{+0.33}_{-0.34}$) is required in order to well account for the observations, independent of the assumed expression of the GRB LF. However, in a one-to-one comparison using the Akaike Information Criterion, the best-fitting evolution model involving the triple power-law LF is statistically preferred over the best-fitting one involving the broken power-law LF with a relative probability of ∼94.3 per cent versus ∼5.7 per cent. Extrapolating our fitting results to the flux limit of the whole Swift sample, and considering the trigger probability of Swift/Burst Alert Telescope in detail, we find that the expectations from our evolution models provide a good representation of the observed distributions of the whole sample without the need for any adjustment of the model free parameters. This further confirms the reliability of our analysis results.
Correcting the effect of stellar spots on ARIEL transmission spectra – II. The limb-darkening effect
Authors: Cracchiolo G , Micela G , Morello G , Peres G
Published: September 2021

This paper is part of an effort to correct the transmission spectra of a transiting planet orbiting an active star. In Paper I (Cracchiolo, Micela & Peres 2020), we have demonstrated a methodology to minimize the potential bias induced by unocculted star spots on the transmission spectrum, assuming a spot model parametrized by filling factor and temperature. In this work, we introduce the limb-darkening effect, therefore the position of the spot in the stellar disc and the impact parameter of the transiting planet now play a key role. The method is tested on simulations of planetary transits of three representative kinds of planetary systems, at ARIEL resolution. We find that a realistic treatment of the limb darkening is required to reliably estimate both the spots parameters and the transmission spectrum of the transiting planet. Furthermore, we show that the influence of the spots on the retrieval of the planetary transmission spectrum is significant for spots close to the centre of the star, covering a fraction greater than 0.05 and with a temperature contrast greater than $500\, {\rm K}$, and that for these cases our method can confidently extract the transmission spectrum and the impact parameter of the transiting planet for both cases of occulted and not occulted spots, provided that we have an accurate characterization of the stellar parameters and a reliable simulator of the instrument performances.
Optical detection of the rapidly spinning white dwarf in V1460 Her
Authors: Pelisoli Ingrid , Marsh T R , Ashley R P , Hakala Pasi , Aungwerojwit A , Burdge K , Breedt E , Brown A J , Chanthorn K , Dhillon V S , Dyer M J , Green M J , Kerry P , Littlefair S P , Parsons S G , Sahman D I , Wild J F , Yotthanathong S
Published: September 2021

Accreting magnetic white dwarfs offer an opportunity to understand the interplay between spin-up and spin-down torques in binary systems. Monitoring of the white dwarf spin may reveal whether the white dwarf spin is currently in a state of near-equilibrium, or of unidirectional evolution towards longer or shorter periods, reflecting the recent history of the system and providing constraints for evolutionary models. This makes the monitoring of the spin history of magnetic white dwarfs of high interest. In this paper, we report the results of a campaign of follow-up optical photometry to detect and track the 39- s white dwarf spin pulses recently discovered in Hubble Space Telescope data of the cataclysmic variable V1460 Her. We find the spin pulsations to be present in the g-band photometry at a typical amplitude of 0.4 per cent. Under favourable observing conditions, the spin signal is detectable using 2-m class telescopes. We measured pulse-arrival times for all our observations, which allowed us to derive a precise ephemeris for the white dwarf spin. We have also derived an orbital modulation correction that can be applied to the measurements. With our limited baseline of just over 4 yr, we detect no evidence yet for spin-up or spin-down of the white dwarf, obtaining a lower limit of $|P/\dot{P}| \gt 4\times 10^{7}$ yr, which is already four to eight times longer than the time-scales measured in two other cataclysmic variable systems containing rapidly rotating white dwarfs, AE Aqr and AR Sco.
Velocity dispersion of brightest cluster galaxies in cosmological simulations
Authors: Marini I , Borgani S , Saro A , Granato G L , Ragone-Figueroa C , Sartoris B , Dolag K , Murante G , Ragagnin A , Wang Y
Published: September 2021

Using the DIANOGA hydrodynamical zoom-in simulation set of galaxy clusters, we analyse the dynamics traced by stars belonging to the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) and their surrounding diffuse component, forming the intracluster light (ICL), and compare it to the dynamics traced by dark matter and galaxies identified in the simulations. We compute scaling relations between the BCG and cluster velocity dispersions and their corresponding masses (i.e. $M_\mathrm{BCG}^{\star }$–$\sigma _\mathrm{BCG}^{\star }$, M200–σ200, $M_\mathrm{BCG}^{\star }$–M200, and $\sigma _\mathrm{BCG}^{\star }$–σ200), we find in general a good agreement with observational results. Our simulations also predict $\sigma _\mathrm{BCG}^{\star }$–σ200 relation to not change significantly up to redshift z = 1, in line with a relatively slow accretion of the BCG stellar mass at late times. We analyse the main features of the velocity dispersion profiles, as traced by stars, dark matter, and galaxies. As a result, we discuss that observed stellar velocity dispersion profiles in the inner cluster regions are in excellent agreement with simulations. We also report that the slopes of the BCG velocity dispersion profile from simulations agree with what is measured in observations, confirming the existence of a robust correlation between the stellar velocity dispersion slope and the cluster velocity dispersion (thus, cluster mass) when the former is computed within 0.1R500. Our results demonstrate that simulations can correctly describe the dynamics of BCGs and their surrounding stellar envelope, as determined by the past star formation and assembly histories of the most massive galaxies of the Universe.
Collisional excitation of methylene by molecular hydrogen
Authors: Dagdigian Paul J
Published: September 2021

Accurate estimates of the abundance of methylene (CH2) in the interstellar medium require knowledge of both the radiative and collisional rate coefficients for the transfer of population between rotational levels. In this work, time-independent quantum close coupling calculations have been carried out to compute rate coefficients for the (de-)excitation of ortho- and para-CH2 in collisions with ortho- and para-H2. These scattering calculations have employed a recently computed, high-quality potential energy surface, based on the coupled cluster level of theory [RCCSD(T)-F12a], for the interaction of CH2 in its ground $\tilde{X} ^3B_1$ electronic state with H2. The collisional rate coefficients were obtained for all fine-structure transitions among the first 22 and 24 energy levels of ortho- and para-CH2, respectively, having energies less than 277 cm−1. These rate coefficients are compared with previous calculated values, obtained by scaling data for CH2–He. In the case of ortho-CH2, whose levels display hyperfine structure, rate coefficients for transitions between hyperfine levels were also computed, by the MJ randomization approximation. Finally, some simple radiative transfer calculations are presented.
A high-resolution line list for AlO
Authors: Bowesman Charles A , Shuai Meiyin , Yurchenko Sergei N , Tennyson Jonathan
Published: September 2021

Indications of aluminium monoxide in atmospheres of exoplanets are being reported. Studies using high-resolution spectroscopy should allow a strong detection but require high-accuracy laboratory data. A marvel (measured active rotational-vibrational energy levels) analysis is performed for the available spectroscopic data on 27Al16O: 22 473 validated transitions are used to determine 6485 distinct energy levels. These empirical energy levels are used to provide an improved, spectroscopically accurate version of the ExoMol ATP line list for 27Al16O; at the same time, the accuracy of the line lists for the isotopically substituted species 26Al16O, 27Al17O, and 27Al18O is improved by correcting levels in line with the corrections used for 27Al16O. These line lists are available from the ExoMol data base at www.exomol.com.
The functional relation between three-body mean motion resonances and Yarkovsky drift speeds
Authors: Milić Žitnik I
Published: September 2021

We examined the motion of asteroids across the three-body mean motion resonances (MMRs) with Jupiter and Saturn and with the Yarkovsky drift speed in the semimajor axis of the asteroids. The research was conducted using numerical integrations performed using the Orbit9 integrator with 84 000 test asteroids. We calculated time delays, dtr, caused by the seven three-body MMRs on the mobility of test asteroids with 10 positive and 10 negative Yarkovsky drift speeds, which are reliable for Main Belt asteroids. Our final results considered only test asteroids that successfully crossed over the MMRs without close approaches to the planets. We have devised two equations that approximately describe the functional relation between the average time 〈dtr〉 spent in the resonance, the strength of the resonance SR, and the semimajor axis drift speed da/dt (positive and negative) with the orbital eccentricities of asteroids in the range (0, 0.1). Comparing the values of 〈dtr〉 obtained from the numerical integrations and from the derived functional relations, we analysed average values of 〈dtr〉 in all three-body MMRs for every da/dt. The main conclusion is that the analytical and numerical estimates of the average time 〈dtr〉 are in very good agreement, for both positive and negative da/dt. Finally, this study shows that the functional relation we obtain for three-body MMRs is analogous to that previously obtained for two-body MMRs.
Asteroseismic fingerprints of stellar mergers
Authors: Rui Nicholas Z , Fuller Jim
Published: September 2021

Stellar mergers are important processes in stellar evolution, dynamics, and transient science. However, it is difficult to identify merger remnant stars because they cannot easily be distinguished from single stars based on their surface properties. We demonstrate that merger remnants can potentially be identified through asteroseismology of red giant stars using measurements of the gravity mode period spacing together with the asteroseismic mass. For mergers that occur after the formation of a degenerate core, remnant stars have overmassive envelopes relative to their cores, which is manifested asteroseismically by a g-mode period spacing smaller than expected for the star’s mass. Remnants of mergers that occur when the primary is still on the main sequence or whose total mass is less than $\approx \! 2 \, {\rm M}_\odot$ are much harder to distinguish from single stars. Using the red giant asteroseismic catalogues of Vrard, Mosser & Samadi and Yu et al., we identify 24 promising candidates for merger remnant stars. In some cases, merger remnants could also be detectable using only their temperature, luminosity, and asteroseismic mass, a technique that could be applied to a larger population of red giants without a reliable period spacing measurement.
Comptonization by reconnection plasmoids in black hole coronae I: Magnetically dominated pair plasma
Authors: Sridhar Navin , Sironi Lorenzo , Beloborodov Andrei M
Published: September 2021

We perform 2D particle-in-cell simulations of reconnection in magnetically dominated electron–positron plasmas subject to strong Compton cooling. We vary the magnetization σ ≫ 1, defined as the ratio of magnetic tension to plasma inertia, and the strength of cooling losses. Magnetic reconnection under such conditions can operate in magnetically dominated coronae around accreting black holes, which produce hard X-rays through Comptonization of seed soft photons. We find that the particle energy spectrum is dominated by a peak at mildly relativistic energies, which results from bulk motions of cooled plasmoids. The peak has a quasi-Maxwellian shape with an effective temperature of ∼100 keV, which depends only weakly on the flow magnetization and the strength of radiative cooling. The mean bulk energy of the reconnected plasma is roughly independent of σ, whereas the variance is larger for higher magnetizations. The spectra also display a high-energy tail, which receives ∼25 per cent of the dissipated reconnection power for σ = 10 and ∼40 per cent for σ = 40. We complement our particle-in-cell studies with a Monte Carlo simulation of the transfer of seed soft photons through the reconnection layer, and find the escaping X-ray spectrum. The simulation demonstrates that Comptonization is dominated by the bulk motions in the chain of Compton-cooled plasmoids and, for σ ∼ 10, yields a spectrum consistent with the typical hard state of accreting black holes.
Charge-exchange soft X-ray emission of highly charged ions with inclusion of multiple-electron capture
Authors: Liang G Y , Zhu X L , Wei H G , Yuan D W , Zhong J Y , Wu Y , Hutton R , Cui W , Ma X W , Zhao G
Published: September 2021

Charge exchange has been recognized as a primary source of soft X-ray emission in many astrophysical outflow environments, including cometary and planetary exospheres impacted by the solar wind. Some models have been set up by using different data collections of charge-exchange cross-sections. However, multiple-electron transfer has not been included in these models. In this paper, we set up a charge-exchange model with the inclusion of double-electron capture (DEC), and make a detailed investigation of this process on X-ray emissions of highly charged carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and neon ions by using available experimental cross-sections. We also study the effect of different n-selective cross-sections on soft X-ray emission by using available experimental n-distributions. This work reveals that DEC enhancement on line intensity is linearly proportional to the ratio of ion abundance in the solar wind. It is more obvious for soft X-rays from carbon ions (C4+) in collision with CO2, and the enhancement on line intensity can be up to 53 per cent with typical ion abundances [Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE)] in the solar wind. The synthetic spectra with parameters from the Ulysses mission for the solar wind reveal velocity dependence, target dependence, as well as the non-negligible contribution from the DEC.
Gamma-ray burst detection prospects for next generation ground-based VHE facilities
Authors: La Mura G , Barres de Almeida U , Conceição R , De Angelis A , Longo F , Pimenta M , Prandini E , Ruiz-Velasco E , Tomé B
Published: September 2021

Gamma-ray Bursts (GRB) were discovered by satellite-based detectors as powerful sources of transient γ-ray emission. The Fermi satellite detected an increasing number of these events with its dedicated Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), some of which were associated with high energy photons ($E \gt 10$ GeV), by the Large Area Telescope (LAT). More recently, follow-up observations by Cherenkov telescopes detected very high energy emission ($E \gt 100$ GeV) from GRBs, opening up a new observational window with implications on the interpretation of their central engines and on the propagation of very energetic photons across the Universe. Here, we use the data published in the 2nd Fermi-LAT Gamma Ray Burst Catalogue to characterize the duration, luminosity, redshift, and light curve of the high energy GRB emission. We extrapolate these properties to the very high energy domain, comparing the results with available observations and with the potential of future instruments. We use observed and simulated GRB populations to estimate the chances of detection with wide-field ground-based γ-ray instruments. Our analysis aims to evaluate the opportunities of the Southern Wide-field-of-view Gamma-ray Observatory (SWGO), to be installed in the Southern Hemisphere, to complement CTA. We show that a low-energy observing threshold ($E_{low} \lt 200$ GeV), with good point source sensitivity ($F_{lim} \approx 10^{-11} \,\mathrm{erg\, cm^{-2}\, s^{-1}}$ in $1$ yr), are optimal requirements to work as a GRB trigger facility and to probe the burst spectral properties down to time-scales as short as $10$ s, accessing a time domain that will not be available to Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes instruments.
Supplying angular momentum to the jittering jets explosion mechanism using inner convection layers
Authors: Shishkin Dmitry , Soker Noam
Published: September 2021

We conduct one-dimensional stellar evolution simulations in the mass range 13–20 M⊙ to late core collapse times and find that an inner vigorous convective zone with large specific angular momentum fluctuations appears at the edge of the iron core during the collapse. The compression of this zone during the collapse increases the luminosity there and the convective velocities, such that the specific angular momentum fluctuations are of the order of $j_{\rm conv} \simeq 5 \times 10^{15} {~\rm cm}^2 {~\rm s}^{-1}$. If we consider that three-dimensional simulations show convective velocities that are three to four times larger than what the mixing length theory gives, and that the spiral standing accretion shock instability in the post-shock region of the stalled shock at a radius of ${\simeq}100 {~\rm km}$ amplifies perturbations, we conclude that the fluctuations that develop during core collapse are likely to lead to stochastic (intermittent) accretion discs around the newly born neutron star. In reaching this conclusion, we also make two basic assumptions with uncertainties that we discuss. Such intermittent discs can launch jets that explode the star in the frame of the jittering jets explosion mechanism.
Multiple Sources of Introduction of North AmericanArabidopsis thalianafrom across Eurasia
Authors: Shirsekar Gautam , Devos Jane , Latorre Sergio M , Blaha Andreas , Queiroz Dias Maique , González Hernando Alba , Lundberg Derek S , Burbano Hernán A , Fenster Charles B , Weigel Detlef
Published: September 2021

Large-scale movement of organisms across their habitable range, or migration, is an important evolutionary process that can shape genetic diversity and influence the adaptive spread of alleles. Although human migrations have been studied in great detail with modern and ancient genomes, recent anthropogenic influence on reducing the biogeographical constraints on the migration of nonnative species has presented opportunities in several study systems to ask the questions about how repeated introductions shape genetic diversity in the introduced range. We present an extensive overview of population structure of North American Arabidopsis thaliana by studying a set of 500 whole-genome sequenced and over 2,800 RAD-seq genotyped individuals in the context of global diversity represented by Afro-Eurasian genomes. We use methods based on haplotype and rare-allele sharing as well as phylogenetic modeling to identify likely sources of introductions of extant N. American A. thaliana from the native range in Africa and Eurasia. We find evidence of admixture among the introduced lineages having increased haplotype diversity and reduced mutational load. We also detect signals of selection in immune-system-related genes that may impart qualitative disease resistance to pathogens of bacterial and oomycete origin. We conclude that multiple introductions to a nonnative range can rapidly enhance the adaptive potential of a colonizing species by increasing haplotypic diversity through admixture. Our results lay the foundation for further investigations into the functional significance of admixture.
Selection on Accessible Chromatin Regions inCapsella grandiflora
Authors: Horvath Robert , Josephs Emily B , Pesquet Edouard , Stinchcombe John R , Wright Stephen I , Scofield Douglas , Slotte Tanja
Published: September 2021

Accurate estimates of genome-wide rates and fitness effects of new mutations are essential for an improved understanding of molecular evolutionary processes. Although eukaryotic genomes generally contain a large noncoding fraction, functional noncoding regions and fitness effects of mutations in such regions are still incompletely characterized. A promising approach to characterize functional noncoding regions relies on identifying accessible chromatin regions (ACRs) tightly associated with regulatory DNA. Here, we applied this approach to identify and estimate selection on ACRs in Capsella grandiflora, a crucifer species ideal for population genomic quantification of selection due to its favorable population demography. We describe a population-wide ACR distribution based on ATAC-seq data for leaf samples of 16 individuals from a natural population. We use population genomic methods to estimate fitness effects and proportions of positively selected fixations (α) in ACRs and find that intergenic ACRs harbor a considerable fraction of weakly deleterious new mutations, as well as a significantly higher proportion of strongly deleterious mutations than comparable inaccessible intergenic regions. ACRs are enriched for expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and depleted of transposable element insertions, as expected if intergenic ACRs are under selection because they harbor regulatory regions. By integrating empirical identification of intergenic ACRs with analyses of eQTL and population genomic analyses of selection, we demonstrate that intergenic regulatory regions are an important source of nearly neutral mutations. These results improve our understanding of selection on noncoding regions and the role of nearly neutral mutations for evolutionary processes in outcrossing Brassicaceae species.