bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined Chebyshev and logistic maps to generate pseudorandom number generator for internet of things
Authors: Abdulghafour Jassim Sameeh , Farhan Alaa Kadhim
Published: March 2022

Sensitive data exchanging among things over the Internet must be protected by a powerful cryptographic system. Conventional cryptographic such as advanced encryption standard (AES), and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) are not effective enough to protect internet of things (IoT) because of certain inveterate IoT properties like limited memory, computation, and bandwidth. Nowadays, chaotic maps with high sensitivity to initial conditions, strong ergodicity, and non-periodicity have been widely used in IoT security applications. So, it is suitable for IoT. Also, in a stream cipher method, the user needs to deliver the keystream to all clients in advance. Consequently, this paper proposed a method to solve the keys distribution problem based on combine both Chebyshev and logistic maps techniques as well as a master key to generate a random key. The suggested method was compared with the other stream cipher algorithms (Chacha20, RC4, Salsa20) by utilizing the same plaintext and master key as input parameters and the results were successful in the statistical national institute of standards and technology (NIST) test. Simultaneously, the suggestion was evaluated through different evaluation methods like statistical NIST test, histogram, Shannon entropy, correlation coefficient analysis, keyspace and key sensitivity, and others. All mentioned tests are passed successfully. Therefore, the suggested approach was proved it is effective in security issues.
A data quarantine model to secure data in edge computing
Authors: Mahadevappa Poornima , Murugesan Raja Kumar
Published: March 2022

Edge computing provides an agile data processing platform for latency-sensitive and communication-intensive applications through a decentralized cloud and geographically distributed edge nodes. Gaining centralized control over the edge nodes can be challenging due to security issues and threats. Among several security issues, data integrity attacks can lead to inconsistent data and intrude edge data analytics. Further intensification of the attack makes it challenging to mitigate and identify the root cause. Therefore, this paper proposes a new concept of data quarantine model to mitigate data integrity attacks by quarantining intruders. The efficient security solutions in cloud, ad-hoc networks, and computer systems using quarantine have motivated adopting it in edge computing. The data acquisition edge nodes identify the intruders and quarantine all the suspected devices through dimensionality reduction. During quarantine, the proposed concept builds the reputation scores to determine the falsely identified legitimate devices and sanitize their affected data to regain data integrity. As a preliminary investigation, this work identifies an appropriate machine learning method, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), for dimensionality reduction. The LDA results in 72.83% quarantine accuracy and 0.9 seconds training time, which is efficient than other state-of-the-art methods. In future, this would be implemented and validated with ground truth data.
Pulmonary Hypertension in Adult Congenital Heart Disease in Asia: A Distinctive Feature of Complex Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Chiu Shuenn‐Nan , Lu Chun‐Wei , Lin Ming‐Tai , Chen Chun‐An , Wu Mei‐Hwan , Wang Jou‐Kou
Published: March 2022

Background

The epidemiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with adult congenital heart disease in Western countries is already known. We investigate clinical characteristics of PH in adult congenital heart disease with emphasis on complex congenital heart disease (CHD) from an Asian cohort in Taiwan.

Methods and Results

All adult patients (aged >18 years) diagnosed with CHD between January 2007 and July 2018 qualified for the study. PH was determined by cardiac catheterization data or echocardiography reports. In accord with the World Symposia on Pulmonary Hypertension, CHD was further categorized as simple, severe, or complex CHD (including pulmonary atresia‐ventricular septal defect and single‐ventricle anomalies).

There were 4301 patients (55.6% women), 15.7% with severe and 3.9% with complex CHD. The cumulative incidence of PH was 4.4% (95% CI, 3.8–5.0). Our multivariable regression model indicated 4.2‐fold mortality increase (95% CI, 3.0–5.9) in the presence of PH, with age, female sex, and severe or complex CHD linked to higher incidence of PH. Only 49% of patients received PH‐specific therapy. Five‐ and 10‐year survival rates of patients with PH (n=190) were 72.3% (95% CI, 65.1%–78.4%) and 58.8% (95% CI, 50.1%–66.5%), respectively. Survival rates in those with Eisenmenger syndrome, PH after defect correction, and complex CHD were similar. Low oxygen saturation and high uric acid levels were associated with increased mortality.

Conclusions

In this sizable Asian adult CHD cohort, the cumulative incidence of PH was aligned with that of Western countries. Mortality proved higher in patients with PH versus without PH. Although complex CHD carried greater risk of PH compared with other adult CHD subsets, survival rate was similar.
One Domain Divided in Twain: Ontological Perspectives of Design Expressed via Classification
Authors: Clarke Rachel Ivy , Stanton Katerina Lynn
Published: March 2022

Epistemological and ontological perspectives on design have changed dramatically in the past century, and yet library classification systems have not been updated accordingly. This article examines where design is—and is not—classified in the two dominant library classification systems in America, Dewey Decimal Classification and Library of Congress Classification, and what this expresses regarding design as a domain. This article demonstrates how such classification relegates design theory as subordinate to the product and can lead to information siloes, diminish creativity, and interdisciplinary study.
Exclusive Apart, Inclusive as a System: Polycentricity in Climate City Networks
Authors: Cortes Sayel , van der Heijden Jeroen , Boas Ingrid , Bush Simon
Published: March 2022

It is often thought that local governments in the Global South have less influence over climate city networks than those from the Global North. We question this by examining how different climate city networks relate and function as interconnected, yet independent, decision-making centers. We explore the extent to which this polycentric system overcomes the assumed exclusivity and inequality of these networks. We analyze twenty-two climate city networks using qualitative comparative analysis to classify the networks with a majority of members from either the Global North or the Global South based on conditions related to their context, diversity of members, and degree of homogeneity. We find that climate city networks overcome North–South dependencies through targeted support reflecting the local needs and conditions of city members. This diversity of tailored alternatives for cities provides equality and inclusivity at the polycentric system level, despite showing inequality and exclusivity at the network level.
Beyond Neurocinematics: Investigating Biased Social Perception through Collaboration between Neuroscience and Filmmaking
Authors: Afdile Mamdooh
Published: March 2022

A growing number of neuroscientific studies use films as experimental stimuli, making filmmakers partners in investigations of the brain. The author provides his perspective as a filmmaker who has been conducting neuroscience experiments in collaboration with a team of neuroscientists at the Brain and Mind Laboratory of Aalto University, Finland, over the last five years. This collaboration led to the development of a novel method of investigating the subconscious brain using films as well as insights on how to create more empathy-evoking films. Finally, the author discusses the relationship between social bias and boundaries of collaboration between filmmaking and neuroscience.
Constructive Friction Creates a Third Space for Art/Science Collaborations
Authors: Ellison Aaron M. , Borden David Buckley
Published: March 2022

Successful interdisciplinary collaboration between artists and scientists is not about discovering “common ground,” but about deliberately creating new spaces for collaboration. These spaces include physical, virtual and intellectual elements brought together through constructive friction and creation and honest use of a shared language. Communication shapes the collaboration, leads to the creation of joint work and engenders new ways of working together and new levels of understanding. The authors interrogate their collaborations to identify essential general principles for synergistic communication and productive collaborations between artists and scientists.
1. The Voice of the Century
Authors: Zicari Massimo
Published: March 2022

In this chapter I sketch the figure of Luisa Tetrazzini, whom some contemporary commentators described as the voice of the century. In spite of all we know about her public image, professional life and career, not much can be gleaned about her inner thoughts and musical opinions. I put her figure in context and provide a description of those features that were considered typical of bel canto, a notion that needs further consideration. I touch on specific characteristics of her voice quality and technique, such as the voce bianca (white voice), vibrato and portamento.
2. The Rossinian Repertoire
Authors: Zicari Massimo
Published: March 2022

This chapter delves into the Rossinian tradition and explores Tetrazzini’s recordings related to the roles of Rosina and Semiramide, even though Tetrazzini never performed Semiramide on stage during her career. I pay particular attention to the so-called lesson scene in Barbiere, which in the nineteenth century had already assumed a metatheatrical dimension, breaking the imaginary fourth wall with the audience. Tetrazzini’s interpretations are analysed in relation to nineteenth-century sources, with the idea that a line of continuity may be drawn between her and her predecessors.
3. Donizetti’s Operas
Authors: Zicari Massimo
Published: March 2022

This chapter focuses on Donizetti’s Lucia di Lammeroor and Linda di Chomounix and addresses the question of the so-called mad scene and the controversial origin of the famous flute cadenza. Tetrazzini was well-aware of the work done by Mathilde Marchesi for Nellie Melba and her flute cadenzas bear a resemblance to those of her senior colleagues. Donizetti was Tetrazzini’s favourite composer and she envisaged that one day another Donizetti would be born.
5. Verdi’s Style
Authors: Zicari Massimo
Published: March 2022

This chapter elaborates on Verdi’s style and the end of bel canto. Tetrazzini’s impersonations of Violetta and Gilda were memorable and her recordings are testament to a performing tradition that continued despite Verdi’s dramatic treatment of the voice. In Tetrazzini’s recordings melodic modifications tend to remain confined to the final cadenza or, less often, to the central semicadenza, but can still be sparkling with pearly coloratura, as is the case with Violetta’s cabaletta.
Observational Constraint on the Climate Sensitivity to Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations Changes Derived from the 1971–2017 Global Energy Budget
Authors: Chenal Jonathan , Meyssignac Benoît , Ribes Aurélien , Guillaume-Castel Robin
Published: March 2022

The estimate of the historical effective climate sensitivity (histeffCS) is revisited with updated historical observations of the global energy budget in order to derive an observational constraint on the effective sensitivity of climate to CO2 (CO2effCS). A regression method based on observations of the energy budget over 1971–2017 is used to estimate the histeffCS (4.34 [2.17; 22.83] K: median and 5%–95% range). Then, climate model simulations are used to evaluate the distance between the histeffCS and the CO2effCS. The observational estimate of the histeffCS and the distance between the histeffCS and the CO2effCS are combined to derive an observational constraint on CO2effCS of 5.46 [2.40; 35.61] K. The main sources of uncertainty in the CO2effCS estimate comes from the uncertainty in aerosol forcing and in the top of the atmosphere energy imbalance. Further uncertainty arises from the pattern effect correction estimated from climate models. There is confidence in the lower end of the 5%–95% range derived from our method because it relies only on reliable recent data and it makes full use of the observational record since 1971. This important result suggests that observations of the global energy budget since 1971 are poorly consistent with climate sensitivity to CO2 below 2.4 K. Unfortunately, the upper end of the 5%–95% range derived from the regression method is above 30 K. This means that the observational constraint derived from observations of the global energy budget since 1971 is too weak (i.e., the uncertainty is too large) to provide any relevant information on the credibility of high CO2effCS.
Objective Methods for Thinning the Frequency of Reforecasts while Meeting Postprocessing and Model Validation Needs
Authors: Kravtsov Sergey , Roebber Paul , Hamill Thomas M. , Brown James
Published: March 2022

This paper utilizes statistical and statistical–dynamical methodologies to select, from the full observational record, a minimal subset of dates that would provide representative sampling of local precipitation distributions across the contiguous United States (CONUS). The CONUS region is characterized by a great diversity of precipitation-producing systems, mechanisms, and large-scale meteorological patterns (LSMPs), which can provide favorable environment for local precipitation extremes. This diversity is unlikely to be adequately captured in methodologies that rely on grossly reducing the dimensionality of the data—by representing it in terms of a few patterns evolving in time—and thus requires data thinning techniques based on high-dimensional dynamical or statistical data modeling. We have built a novel high-dimensional empirical model of temperature and precipitation capable of producing statistically accurate surrogate realizations of the observed 1979–99 (training period) evolution of these fields. This model also provides skillful hindcasts of precipitation over the 2000–20 (validation) period. We devised a subsampling strategy based on the relative entropy of the empirical model’s precipitation (ensemble) forecasts over CONUS and demonstrated that it generates a set of dates that captures a majority of high-impact precipitation events, while substantially reducing a heavy-precipitation bias inherent in an alternative methodology based on the direct identification of large precipitation events in the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS), version 12 reforecasts. The impacts of data thinning on the accuracy of precipitation statistical postprocessing, as well as on the calibration and validation of the Hydrologic Ensemble Forecast Service (HEFS) reforecasts are yet to be established.

Significance Statement

High-impact weather events are usually associated with extreme precipitation, which is notoriously difficult to predict even using highly resolved state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction models based on first physical principles. The same is true for statistical models that use past data to anticipate the future behavior likely to stem from an observed initial state. Here we use both types of models to identify the occurrences of the states, over the historical climate record, which are likely to lead to extreme precipitation events. We show that the overall statistics of precipitation over the contiguous United States is encapsulated in a greatly reduced set of such states, which could substantially alleviate the computational burden associated with testing of hydrological forecast models used for decision support.
Outcomes After Definitive Surgery for Nonagenarians with Isolated Hip Fractures within 24 hours of Admission
Authors: Seckel Tyler , Mahoney Kyle , Hewitt Cory , Liu Huazhi , Ang Darwin
Published: March 2022

Background

Isolated hip fractures are a common orthopedic injury in the elderly population. Estimates are that there will be over 21 million hip fractures globally by 2050. Current recommendations are early operative fixation within 48 hours. Despite evidence showing that fixation of hip fractures within 24 hours is beneficial in the elderly population, the effect this has on the nonagenarian population has yet to be examined.

Methods

This is a single institution retrospective cohort study examining isolated hip fractures from 2014 to 2020 from an American College of Surgeons verified trauma center. Patients ≥65 years old with IHF were included. A total number of 1150 isolated hip fracture patients 65 years or older were included in this study. Three cohorts were examined: (1) patients ≥90 years old; (2) patients 65-89 years old; and (3) patients stratified by ≥90 vs 65-75 years old and ≥90 vs 75-89 years old. Patients were then sub stratified by timing of surgery whether it was performed ≤24 hours or >24 hours. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality.

Results

Nonagenarians who had delayed surgery had higher mortality rates compared to nonagenarians with early surgery (15.2% vs 4.2%; P = .02). Patients aged 65-75 had higher complication rates with delayed surgery (12.9% vs 4.1%; P = .01) as did those aged 76-89 (9.0% vs 3.2%, P = .004).

Discussion

Early surgical intervention of isolated hip fractures in the nonagenarian population within 24 hours is associated with good clinical outcomes as well as a lower inpatient mortality that approaches significance.
Assess the Proposition That India Will Become the Next Superpower
Authors: Ng Damien
Published: March 2022

This article explores the proposition that India will become the world’s next superpower. It discusses the three defining criteria of a superpower – economic strength, military might and soft power – and examines the extent to which India fulfils them in comparison with the current reigning hegemon, the United States, and potential contender China. In doing so, this article examines the favourable conditions for, and possible impediments to, India’s prospects of attaining great-power status. Based on the analysis conducted, this study argues that the South Asian country’s hopes of rising into the league of superpowers will ultimately be dashed if its advantageous conditions are weakened by an inability or unwillingness to address some of its most pressing problems.
Why are Some Victims Also Bullies? The Role of Peer Relationship Management and Anger Regulation in Traditional Bullying
Authors: Espino Esperanza , Guarini Annalisa , Menabò Laura , Del Rey Rosario
Published: March 2022

There is ample evidence of bullying victimization-perpetration association. However, little is known about the role of socioemotional variables in reinforcing or mitigating it. There is a need to delve deeper into what victims feel and do that leads them to bully. This study aimed to analyze the moderating role of peer relationship management and anger regulation in the victimization-perpetration association, controlling gender and age. This cross-sectional study involved 874 Spanish middle school students (47.8% girls) aged 11 to 18 years ( M = 13.92, SD = 1.45). The results revealed that the perpetration was positively related to victimization and negatively related to peer relationship management and anger regulation. In addition, peer relationship management can moderate the victimization-perpetration association, acting as a protective factor, when the ability of victims to regulate anger is sufficiently trained. These findings highlight the importance of designing effective prevention based on socio-emotional development to fully curb bullying.
The Influence of Task Environmental Uncertainty on the Balance Between Normative and Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Skandera David J. , McKenny Aaron F. , Combs James G.
Published: March 2022

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is increasingly ubiquitous, but firms differ in their emphasis on conforming to industry CSR norms versus using CSR strategically to differentiate from competitors. Research explains that managers attempt to balance conformity and differentiation regarding CSR but does not explain what shifts this balance. We draw from optimal distinctiveness research to explain how different types of uncertainty created by industry task environments shift the balance between conforming to industry CSR norms and pursuing differentiated CSR activities. Using variance decomposition on a 9-year panel of 3,184 firms from 357 industries in the United States, we find that managers emphasize normative (strategic) CSR to a greater (lesser) extent in low-munificence and high-complexity task environments, where uncertainty drives managers toward the security of established industry CSR norms, and to a lesser (greater) extent in high-dynamism task environments, where following uncertain CSR norms is less attractive. We also find that the influence of uncertainty created by industry task environments has, on balance, remained constant as business norms shifted from shareholder to stakeholder primacy. Our theoretical framework reveals task environmental uncertainty as an antecedent to how managers attempt to achieve optimal distinctiveness regarding CSR and explains how different sources of uncertainty shape these attempts.
Effectiveness of Parent-to-Parent Support Group in Reduction of Anxiety and Stress Among Parents of Children With Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Sharma Sugandha , Govindan Radhakrishnan , Kommu J. V. S.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Parental interventions are efficacious and robust in managing children’s behavioral problems. Yet, research addressing their role in parental stress and anxiety is sparse. Our first aim was to assess the extent of anxiety and stress among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The second was to assess the effectiveness of a parent-to-parent support group for addressing the stress and anxiety among those parents.

Methods:

We selected a single group pretest posttest design. We recruited 24 parents from the two in-patient facilities of child and adolescent psychiatry. The intervention consisted of a parent-to-parent support group. We assessed parental stress and anxiety before and after the intervention.

Results:

The differences in anxiety and stress scores prior to and after the intervention were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Before the intervention, low level of parents’ education and lower family income had a statistically significant relationship with higher parental stress. Also, parents who were employed had lesser anxiety.

Conclusion:

The parent-to-parent support group effectively reduced stress and anxiety among parents of children with ASD and ADHD. These are preliminary findings. The lack of a control group is a major limitation.
PowerLAPIM: An application to conduct power analysis for linear and quadratic longitudinal actor–partner interdependence models in intensive longitudinal dyadic designs
Authors: Lafit Ginette , Sels Laura , Adolf Janne K. , Loeys Tom , Ceulemans Eva
Published: March 2022

The longitudinal actor–partner interdependence model (L-APIM) is used to study actor and partner effects, both linear and curvilinear, in dyadic intensive longitudinal data. A burning question is how to conduct power analyses for different L-APIM variants. In this paper, we introduce an accessible power analysis application, called PowerLAPIM, and provide a hands-on tutorial for conducting simulation-based power analyses for 32 L-APIM variants. With PowerLAPIM, we target the number of dyads needed, but not the number of repeated measurements for both partners (which is often fixed in longitudinal studies). PowerLAPIM allows to study moderation of linear and quadratic actor and partner effects by incorporating time-varying covariates or a categorical dyad-level predictor to test group differences. We also provide the functionality to account for serial dependency in the outcome variable by including autoregressive effects. Building on existing study that can yield estimates and thus plausible values of relevant model parameters, we illustrate how to perform a power analysis for a future study. In this illustration, we also demonstrate how to run a sensitivity analysis, to assess the impact of uncertainty about the model parameters, and of changes in the number of repeated measurements.
A comparison of continuous blood gas monitors during cardiopulmonary bypass LivaNova B-Capta, Terumo CDI 500, spectrum medical M4
Authors: van Hoeven Marloes , Overdevest Eddy , Curvers Joyce , van Heugten Henri
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Accurate and precise management of blood gas parameters during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is crucial to patient care and outcome. This study compares the data provided by Livanova B-Capta, Terumo CDI500, and Spectrum Medical M4 with the results from a gold standard blood gas analyzer to test accuracy.

Methods

All three continuous blood gas monitoring (CBGM) devices were used simultaneously during CPB on one dedicated HLM. Arterial and venous blood samples of 40 adult patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery with CPB were taken from the CPB circuit.

Results

Pre- and post-alignment deviation in percentages are compared with CLIA guidelines. B-Capta data reveals that the deviation pre-alignment is small and within the CLIA threshold for all parameters. Pre-alignment data for CDI 500 is within CLIA threshold for SvO2 and PaO2. The pre-alignment data for the M4 exceeds the CLIA thresholds for all parameters. Post-alignment data for B-Capta and CDI 500 reveals an accurate agreement for Hb and Hct and strong agreement for PaO2. All values for B-Capta and CDI 500 are within CLIA threshold values except for SvO2. Post-alignment the M4 exceeded the CLIA threshold value only for PaO2.

Conclusion

B-Capta is the only CBGM device that operates within the CLIA guidelines and is in agreement with laboratory values prior to alignment.
Volumetric Mix Design Adjustments for Improving Asphalt Mixture Durability
Authors: Tran Nam H. , Yin Fan , Leiva Fabricio , Rodezno Carolina , Huber Gerald , Pine William
Published: March 2022

State highway agencies (SHAs) are looking for guidance on how they can make changes to their Superpave volumetric mix design procedures to obtain higher design binder contents to improve the cracking resistance and durability of asphalt mixtures. To assist SHAs, this paper was prepared to: (a) synthesize most common adjustments made by SHAs to their Superpave volumetric mix design procedures to obtain higher design binder contents; and (b) verify the effectiveness of these adjustments through laboratory experiments. Based on a survey of SHAs, the three most common adjustments to the Superpave mix design system to obtain higher design binder contents include: lowered design gyrations (Ndesign), increased minimum requirements for voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), and lowered design air voids (including air voids regression). These adjustments were verified in a laboratory testing program which included a virgin fine-graded mixture and a 20% reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) coarse-graded mixture. The results suggest that lowering Ndesign may help increase the design binder content initially but mix designers can select design gradations to reduce VMA and binder content back to levels achieved with the higher Ndesign levels. The other common adjustments (i.e., increased minimum VMA and lowered design air voids) can yield higher design binder contents. However, these approaches may be ineffective if Gsb is not accurately measured during mix design or if VMA is not controlled during mix production.
Statistical Data Analysis of Low-Level Nonconformances for Risk Assessment in Trackway Asset Management
Authors: Stark Stephen M. , Juran Ilan
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this paper is to present a risk assessment approach for trackway asset management based on the statistical data analysis of low-level nonconformance rates, a key health monitoring parameter. Four elements in this analysis provide a systems engineering basis for: establishing the initial appearance of a nonconformance, key life cycle parameters, estimated delay mitigation costs, and capacity loss rate as a function of the nonconformance rate. Significant research has been done on risk assessment of severe and catastrophic nonconformances, focusing mainly on the steel rail sub-component. Instead, this research is focused on identifying the effect of aging on deterioration of trackway performance of the invert, ties, plates, and fastener sub-components, exclusive of rails, long before the initiation of impending critical nonconformances. While low-level trackway nonconformances pose virtually no risk to safety or service continuity, they do represent initial phase conditions of the deterioration cycle offering an intriguing opportunity for the study of behavioral forecasting. This research introduces the concept of a serviceability performance degradation rate, in an asset management framework, consisting of: (i) the useful service life expectancy of a device and the ages at which nonconformances at different severity levels can be expected; (ii) developing a serviceability performance degradation rate model; and (iii) forecasting the cost implications of deferred maintenance and associated financial risks. Focus on this early stage offers managers important insight into the assessment of the effect of aging on the asset deterioration cycle, and its associated financial risk, for prioritization of early intervention.
Screenline-Based Two-Step Calibration and its Application to an Agent-Based Urban Freight Simulator
Authors: Hara Yusuke , Sakai Takanori , Alho André Romano , Ben-Akiva Moshe
Published: March 2022

Calibration is an essential process in making an agent-based simulator operational. In particular, the calibration for freight demand is challenging because of the model complexity and the shortage of available freight demand data compared with passenger data. This paper proposes a novel calibration method that relies solely on screenline counts, named screenline-based two-step calibration (SLTC). SLTC consists of two parts: (1) tour-based demand adjustment; and (2) model parameter updates. The former generates screenline-based tours by cloning/removing instances of the simulated goods vehicle tours, aiming to minimize the gaps between the observed and the simulated screenline counts. The latter updates the parameters of the commodity flow model which generates inputs to simulate goods vehicle tours. To demonstrate the practicality of the proposed method, we apply it to an agent-based urban freight simulator, SimMobility Freight. The result shows that SLTC allows the simulator to replicate the observed screenline counts with reasonable computational cost for calibration.
Factors Associated With an Intra-articular Infection After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Large Single-Institution Cohort Study
Authors: Marom Niv , Kapadia Milan , Nguyen Joseph T. , Ammerman Brittany , Boyle Caroline , Wolfe Isabel , Halvorsen Kristin C. , Miller Andy O. , Henry Michael W. , Brause Barry D. , Hannafin Jo A. , Marx Robert G. , Ranawat Anil S.
Published: March 2022

Background:

An intra-articular infection after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) is a rare complication but one with potentially devastating consequences. The rare nature of this complication raises difficulties in detecting risk factors associated with it and with worse outcomes after one has occurred.

Purpose:

To (1) evaluate the association between an infection after ACLR and potential risk factors in a large single-center cohort of patients who had undergone ACLR and (2) assess the factors associated with ACL graft retention versus removal.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

All ACLR procedures performed at our institution between January 2010 and December 2018 were reviewed; a total of 11,451 procedures were identified. A retrospective medical record review was performed to determine the incidence of infections, patient and procedure characteristics associated with an infection, infection characteristics, incidence of ACL graft retention, and factors associated with the retention versus removal of an ACL graft. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential risk factors for an infection after ACLR.

Results:

Of the 11,451 ACLR procedures, 48 infections were identified (0.42%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed revision ACLR (odds ratio [OR], 3.13 [95% CI, 1.55-6.32]; P = .001) and younger age (OR, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.02-1.10]; P = .001) as risk factors for an infection. Compared with bone–patellar tendon–bone autografts, both hamstring tendon autografts (OR, 4.39 [95% CI, 2.15-8.96]; P < .001) and allografts (OR, 5.27 [95% CI, 1.81-15.35]; P = .002) were independently associated with an increased risk of infections. Overall, 15 ACL grafts were removed (31.3%). No statistically significant differences besides the number of irrigation and debridement procedures were found for retained versus removed grafts, although some trends were identified ( P = .054).

Conclusion:

In a large single-center cohort of patients who had undergone ACLR and those with an infection after ACLR, patients with revision cases and younger patients were found to have a higher incidence of infection. The use of bone–patellar tendon–bone autografts was found to be associated with the lowest risk of infection after ACLR compared with both hamstring tendon autografts and allografts. Larger cohorts with a larger number of infection cases are needed to determine the factors associated with graft retention versus removal.
Socioeconomic and Environmental Indicators for Rural Communities: Bridging the Scholarly and Practice Gap
Authors: Brinkley Catherine , Visser Marjory Anne
Published: March 2022

Because of large acreages, sparse populations, and distinct sociopolitical dynamics, many rural communities are beginning to assemble their own sets of economic indicators to fit unique policy agendas. This review summarizes over 30 years of practical efforts from six regions that created economic development reports. Reports cover 60% of the nonmetro counties in the United States. Over half the reports were issued in the last 5 years. To understand distinctions between scholarly efforts and how communities leverage publicly available data sets toward policy objectives, the authors compare the rural, regional economic development reports assembled through community partnerships with indicators recommended in rural wealth creation literature. The authors identify a gap in scholarship and practice with implications for how practitioners and researchers conceptualize the creation of wealth in rural areas and conclude with best-practice approaches to co-creating rural economic indicator reports, especially where data can be tailored precisely to rural areas.
Is COVID-19 Causing More Business Closures in Poor and Minority Neighborhoods?
Authors: Motoyama Yasuyuki (Yas)
Published: March 2022

We are starting to understand the magnitude of economic damage from the COVID-19 pandemic. Current estimates cover the national or state level, but tell us little about how massive business closures may be affecting urban vitality at the intrametropolitan level. A particular concern is whether urban areas with high poor or minority populations are more deeply affected. This paper combines InfoGroup Historic Business Data and Google Map API to analyze business closures at the neighborhood level in Franklin County, Ohio, encompassing the Columbus Metropolitan Area. As expected, retail and restaurant sectors had the highest number of closures, but closure rates were higher in other sectors. Descriptive and multivariate analyzes reveal that downtown Columbus has been severely affected, but no disadvantaging effect for communities of color or neighborhoods with concentrations of poor residents is found to be statistically significant.
Evaluating Benefits, Costs, and Social Value as Predictors of Gratitude
Authors: Forster Daniel E. , Pedersen Eric J. , McCullough Michael E. , Lieberman Debra
Published: March 2022

Although much is known about cooperation, the internal decision rules that regulate motivations to initiate and maintain cooperative relationships have not been thoroughly explored. Here, we focus on how acts of benefit delivery and perceptions of social value inform gratitude, an emotion that promotes cooperation. We evaluated alternate information-processing models to determine which inputs and internal representations best account for the intensity with which people report experiencing gratitude. Across two experiments ( Ns = 257 and 208), we tested 10 models that consider multiple variables: the magnitude of benefits conferred on beneficiaries, the magnitude of costs incurred by benefactors, beneficiaries’ perception of how much benefactors value their welfare, and beneficiaries’ value for the welfare of their benefactors. Across both studies, only beneficiaries’ change in social valuation for their benefactors consistently predicted gratitude. Results point to the need for further research and contribute to the growing literature linking cooperation, social emotions, and social valuation.
Generalized quasi-linear mixed-effects model
Authors: Saigusa Yusuke , Eguchi Shinto , Komori Osamu
Published: March 2022

The generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) is one of the most common method in the analysis of longitudinal and clustered data in biological sciences. However, issues of model complexity and misspecification can occur when applying the GLMM. To address these issues, we extend the standard GLMM to a nonlinear mixed-effects model based on quasi-linear modeling. An estimation algorithm for the proposed model is provided by extending the penalized quasi-likelihood and the restricted maximum likelihood which are known in the GLMM inference. Also, the conditional AIC is formulated for the proposed model. The proposed model should provide a more flexible fit than the GLMM when there is a nonlinear relation between fixed and random effects. Otherwise, the proposed model is reduced to the GLMM. The performance of the proposed model under model misspecification is evaluated in several simulation studies. In the analysis of respiratory illness data from a randomized controlled trial, we observe the proposed model can capture heterogeneity; that is, it can detect a patient subgroup with specific clinical character in which the treatment is effective.
Book review: Medcalf, Rory, Indo-Pacific Empire: China, America and the Contest for the World’s Pivotal Region
Authors: Rao Ameera
Published: March 2022

Medcalf, Rory, Indo-Pacific Empire: China, America and the Contest for the World’s Pivotal Region (Manchester University Press, 2020), pp. 310, £20, ISBN 9781526150783 (Hardback).
Robust nonlinear model predictive sliding mode control algorithm for saturated uncertain multivariable mechanical systems
Authors: Homaeinezhad Mohammad Reza , FotoohiNia Farhad
Published: March 2022

In this paper, robust stabilization and predictive tracking control for a class of nonlinear uncertain multivariable systems is presented. The control scheme is built by incorporating nonlinear model predictive control in discrete sliding mode control to obtain optimal results while satisfying hard constraints and closed-loop robustness in the presence of external disturbance (matched or unmatched) and parametric uncertainty. Additionally, the control input domain limitation is involved in construction of the model predictive control scheme by employing sliding functions admissible bounds. The problem of cost minimization is solved through optimal selection of terminal cost gain and allocation of system dynamics with respect to sliding surfaces while robust stabilization and feasibility are ensured through the prediction horizon.
Efficient technique in computational dynamic modeling of a flexible manipulator with large deformation
Authors: Feyzollahzadeh Mahdi , Bamdad Mahdi
Published: March 2022

In the flexible manipulators, the links could be modeled using rigid elements and torsional springs, and similarly, the flexibility in actuators could be represented with the equivalent springs. This study applies the discrete time transfer matrix method for the dynamic analysis of flexible manipulators with large deformations. On a first-priority basis, transfer matrices are determined, including all the flexible link/joint mechanism components. A single transfer matrix is established for prismatic and rotational actuators with equivalent springs to build the robotic transfer matrix library. On the second priority, to reduce the computation time, a novel algorithm is developed. In the proposed flexible link discretization, the first element of the flexible link is considered as a function of other elements. It is designed to build a mathematical model as closely as possible to the realistic model with fewer elements. It is presented that this modeling technique can employ discrete data extracted by the sensors. The simulation primarily focuses on developing flexible beam/joint models validated in ADAMS. Besides, the dynamic behavior of a flexible PR robot with external forces acting on the linkage system is analyzed and examined. The result shows that the proposed modeling method affords a low computational time while the manipulator control needs to manage fast responses.
Evaluation of voriconazole related adverse events in pediatric patients with hematological malignancies
Authors: Ertem Ozge , Tufekci Ozlem , Oren Hale , Tuncok Yesim , Ergon Mahmut Cem , Gumustekin Mukaddes
Published: March 2022

Background

Despite therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacogenetic-guided dose selection are recommended for pediatric patients, safety of voriconazole is mostly monitored by clinical assessment. Having comprehensive knowledge of safety profile and distinguishing incidental events from the reactions that are truly related to voriconazole use are crucial for safer and uninterrupted treatment.

Objectives

This study aimed to address adverse reactions during the first month of voriconazole use by systematically evaluating retrospective records of all adverse events. Patients/Methods: It is a single-center, retrospective analysis of patients who received voriconazole from 1 September 2010 to 1 September 2020. Severity of abnormal findings in medical records were systematically graded. Causality between voriconazole and the events was evaluated by Liverpool Causality Assessment Tool (LCAT), Naranjo Algorithm and World Health Organization Causality Assessment System. The events with possible or probable causal relation to voriconazole are classified as adverse reaction.

Results

Records of 45 patients included in the study. The overall frequency of adverse reactions was 51.1%. Hepatobiliary laboratory adverse reactions identified in 48.9% of the patients and led to treatment discontinuation in 20.0%. Amylase and lipase elevation (2.2%), ventricular extra systoles (2.2%), hallucination and nightmares (2.2%) were other adverse reactions.

Conclusions

Hepatobiliary abnormalities were the most common adverse reactions and the most common cause of treatment discontinuation. For safer treatment in critically ill patients, the dose should be personalized. To clearly identify the accurate frequency and the causality of all adverse reactions, prospective studies with much larger sample size are needed.
Serum neurofilament light-chain levels in children with monophasic myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease, multiple sclerosis, and other acquired demyelinating syndrome
Authors: Wendel Eva-Maria , Bertolini Annikki , Kousoulos Lampros , Rauchenzauner Markus , Schanda Kathrin , Wegener-Panzer Andreas , Baumann Matthias , Reindl Markus , Otto Markus , Rostásy Kevin
Published: March 2022

Objective:

To assess the diagnostic and prognostic potential of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) in children with first acquired demyelinating syndrome (ADS).

Methods:

We selected 129 children with first ADS including 19 children with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-antibody associated disease (MOGAD), 36 MOG/AQP4-seronegative ADS, and 74 with multiple sclerosis (MS) from the BIOMARKER study cohort. All children had a complete set of clinical, radiological, laboratory data and serum for NfL measurement using a highly sensitive digital ELISA (SIMOA). A control group of 35 children with non-inflammatory neurological diseases was included. sNfL levels were compared across patient groups according to clinical, laboratory, neuroradiological features and outcome after 2 years.

Results:

sNfL levels were significantly increased in MOGAD, seronegative ADS and MS compared to controls ( p-value < 0.001), in particular in children with an acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern ( p < 0.001) or longitudinally extensive myelitis ( p < 0.01). In pediatric MS, elevated sNfL levels were significantly associated with higher numbers of cerebral ( p < 0.001) and presence of spinal ( p < 0.05) MRI lesions at baseline and predicted a higher number of relapses ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

sNfL levels are significantly elevated in all three studied pediatric ADS subtypes indicating neuroaxonal injury. In pediatric MS high levels of sNfL are associated with risk factors for disease progression.
Unsteady characteristics of sleeping thermal comfort during defrosting of a T-ASHP system
Authors: Mao Ning , Yu Hao , He Tianbiao , Xu Yingjie
Published: March 2022

Defrosting is necessary for the normal operation of air source heat pump (ASHP) units to solve the frosting in the winter, which deteriorates the performance of ASHP. During this defrosting period, the ASHP cannot provide heat to the indoor space, leading to adverse thermal comfort, which may reduce the sleep quality. Hence, a task/ambient ASHP (T-ASHP) system was designed in this study, and the transient thermal environment was investigated through a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method. The duration of t oz (average air temperature in the occupied zone) increase period was 4.33 times as long as t oz decrease period, although the duration of the phase 1 heating period was 1.9 times as that of defrosting period. During the defrosting procedure, the PMV value decreased to the lowest value of −0.83, and the period of feeling cool and slightly cool lasted for 45.4 min. The hand, foot and leg parts were much cooler than the whole body, and the non-uniformity of the PMV value on body parts was obviously enlarged during the defrosting period. Higher draught risk around 22% near the head and trunk regions was found during the defrosting period and was significantly reduced in the follow-up heating period.

Practical application: The results from this study emphasize the sleeping thermal comfort during defrosting of air source heat pumps. The present study gave a map of transient thermal comfortable levels influenced by the operating of defrosting and re-heating. These results should serve as a recommendation to air source heat pump designers to determine suitable defrosting technology to maintain normal indoor thermal comfort.