bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Miesten sosioekonomiset kuolleisuuserot eräissä Euroopan maissa
Authors: Valkonen Tapani
Published: January 2025

Artikkelissa verrataan sosiaaliseen asemaan liittyvien kuolleisuuserojen suuruutta ja kehityssuuntia miehillä niissä seitsemässä Euroopan maassa, joista on luotettavimpia tietoja. Ammattiin pohjautuvien sosiaaliryhmien väliset kuolleisuuserot olivat eri maissa erisuuria 1970-luvulla – suurimmat Ranskassa ja pienimmät Tanskassa, Ruotsissa ja Norjassa. Koulutusryhmien väliset kuolleisuuserot olivat kuitenkin Pohjoismaissa yhtä suuria kuin muissakin maissa. Artikkelin loppuosassa käsitellään kuolleisuuseroja ja niiden vaihtelua koskevia selityksiä.
Terveyttä kaikilla vuoteen 2000 mennessä - maailmanlaajuinen kansanterveysohjelma
Authors: Melkas Tapani
Published: January 2025

Terveyttä kaikille vuoteen 2000 mennessä" on WHO:n käynnistämä kehitysohjelma, jolla pyritään parantamaan maailman kansojen terveyttä ja erityisesti vähentämään kansojen ja väestöryhmien välisiä suuria terveyseroja. Terveyttä pidetään yksilön toimintakyvyn ja edellytysten tasapainoiseen elämään sekä yhteiskunnan voimavarana ja kehityksen edellytyksenä. Ohjelman perustana on sosiaalitieteellinen käsitys väestön terveydentilan määräytymisestä suurelta osin terveydenhuollon ulkopuolisista tekijöistä. Tärkeimmät toimintalinjat ovat ihmisten perustarpeiden turvaaminen, terveiden elintapojen edistäminen, elinympäristön terveysvaarojen vähentäminen ja terveydenhuollon kehittäminen perusterveydenhuoltoa painottamalla. Ohjelman toimeenpano tapahtuu kansallisella tasolla. Toimeenpanon etenemistä ja tuloksia seurataan indikaattorijärjestelmän avulla. Ohjelmalla on laaja merkitys paitsi kansallisten terveydenhuoltojärjestelmien kehitykselle, myös muuhun yhteiskuntapolitiikkaan, tutkimuksen suuntautumiseen ja kehitysyhteistyöhön.
Kuka vastaa postikyselyyn?
Authors: Shemeikka Sirpa , Myllykangas Markku , Korhonen Anna-Liisa
Published: January 2025

Kirjoituksessa tarkastellaan, miten vastaamishaluttomuus postikyselyyn mahdollisesti vaikuttaa tuloksiin. Tulokset ovat tutkimuksesta, jossa selvitettiin lasten elämäntilanteen yhteyttä heidän käyttäytymisongelmiinsa ja perheen kokemaan kasvatustuen ja mielenterveyspalvelujen tarpeeseen. Vastaamishaluttomuuden vaikutusta selvitettiin vertaamalla (1) katoa kyselyyn vastanneisiin, (2) vastaajia vastausaalloittain sekä (3) kahden ja puolen vuoden seurantakyselystä poisjääneitä seurantaan osallistuneisiin.
Lapsen iän ja sukupuolen sekä vanhempien koulutuksen mukaan seurantatutkimuksesta poisjääneet eivät eronneet merkitsevästi seurantakyselyyn osallistuneista eivätkä uusintapyyntöihin vastanneet nopeasti vastanneista. Perherakenteen mukaan seurantaan osallistuneet ja nopeasti vastanneet erosivat johdonmukaisesti ja tilastollisesti merkitsevästi perheistä, jotka osoittivat vastaamishaluttomuutta. Perheet, jotka eivät olleet alkuperäisiä ydinperheitä ja joissa lapsi ei asunut molempien biologisten vanhempiensa luona, osallistuivat muita haluttomammin seurantakyselyyn ja vastasivat muita yleisemmin vasta uusintapyyntöjen jälkeen. Mikäli vastaamishaluttomuus vaikuttaa siten, että kuva lasten elämäntilanteista ja -kokemuksista ei vastaa todellisen elämän kirjoa, ei myöskään elämäntilanteiden, lasten kehityksen ja terveyden välisistä yhteyksistä saada luotettavaa tietoa.
Bridging the Green Gap: Millennials and Gen Z’s Willingness to Pay More for Eco-Friendly Products in Indonesia
Authors: Amaliah A. Nurul Suci , Sucipto Kiki Resky Ramadani , Aisyah Siti , Rahmawati Aulia
Published: January 2025

Sustainable consumption is a substantial obstacle in contemporary society, particularly for millennials and Generation Z. Their sensitivity to pricing distinguishes these demographics, their willingness to make discerning product choices, and their preference for environmentally and socially responsible commodities. It is essential to comprehend their behaviours to formulate strategies that encourage sustainable consumption. This study utilises green signal factors to examine consumers’ willingness to pay more. A quantitative research method was employed, surveying 800 Millennials and Gen Z in Indonesia. This research utilises a Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) methodology, employing SmartPLS software for data analysis. The results show green future estimation and perceived quality as strong predictors of a willingness to pay for more eco-friendly products. Although environmental concern does not significantly impact this willingness, the relationship remains positive. In contrast, green perceived benefits do not have a significant effect. These results emphasise that, despite a clear preference for sustainable products, consumers’ hesitation to pay additional costs reflects the complex interplay between economic considerations and environmental values.
К расчету величин, описывающих процессы модифицирования кальцием микровключений в расплавах стали при их внепечной обработке.
Authors: Борисов Александр , Найденов Р
Published: January 2025

Предложена математическая модель, которая позволяет единым образом (химическая кинетика, газо-массообмен, гидродинамика)
описать динамику модифицирования микровключений алюминатного типа в расплавах при внепечной ковшевой обработке сталей
кальцием. Выполненное моделирование показало разумное соответствие его результатов как с имеющимися эмпирическими
данными по усвоению кальция на ковшах большой емкости (~350тн) для группы IF-сталей, так и с опубликованными данными [ 9 ] по
растворимости кальция в расплавах железа.
К теории плавления тонкостенных порошковых проволок.
Authors: Борисов Александр , Найденов Р
Published: January 2025

Предложен полуэмпирический метод расчета оптимальной скорости инжекции порошковой проволоки в сталеразливочный ковш пригодный для тонкостенных порошковых проволок с герметичными стальными оболочками. Для кальцийсодержащих наполнителей расчеты по данному методу не вышли за рамки +/-15% отклонений от наблюдавшихся на ковшах большой емкости (до 350тн) скоростей, для которых у проволок Hi-Cal [ 1 ] зафиксированы максимумы в усвоения кальция (т.е. для их оптимальных значений). В рамках метода предложена простая аналитическая модель расчета кристаллизующегося вокруг оболочки устойчивого твердого металлического образования расплава солитонного типа.
Approaches to the practice of tolerance: In the discourse and positions of the imams of the jurisprudential schools
Authors: Choubed Noreddine , Laklimi Ahmed , Agli Mustapha , Raki Abdelhamid
Published: January 2025

This research calls for intellectual and methodological unity among Muslims considering the current fragmentation and disintegration affecting the community. It emphasizes the need for cohesion, moving away from confrontations with differing ideas and interpretations. The study highlights a key aspect of tolerance ethics, a trait exemplified by esteemed jurists throughout history, who incorporated these values into their writings and actions as a model for future generations. Their respectful conduct in dialogues, debates, and interactions with opposing views serves as a guiding example. Key themes include decorum towards differing opinions, the avoidance of offensive language, and fairness in judgments, refraining from examining others’ intentions. These principles of tolerance are evident in historical and biographical works, showcasing the jurists’ ethical approach and intellectual maturity in addressing both minor and major disagreements, reflecting an ethical dimension in their discourse.
Moldova’s transition to a productive market economy with the help of IT sector and the road to EU accession
Authors: Horvath Leonard Artur , Padurean Bianca , Padurean Ioan Claudiu , Tanescu Iulia Maria
Published: January 2025

The Republic of Moldova is a state with a small, but dynamic economy and which, with the help of competitiveness in the IT industry, is looking for a place on the economic market in the Eastern European region. The research approaches this topic from an economic, historical, but also geopolitical point of view. This analysis of economic data and figures from the last period, combined with government policies and that of the National Bank of Moldova, means that in the near future the software economic area of Moldova will become an important regional player in this part of Europe.
La competencia traductora y los saberes: una revisión analítica aplicada a la didáctica de la traducción
Authors: Libreros-Cortez Héctor , Schrijver Iris
Published: January 2025

Los conceptos de competencia y saber se han utilizado en diferentes disciplinas desde hace décadas. Dos de ellas son los estudios de traducción y la investigación educativa. La revisión exhaustiva de la literatura al respecto permitió identificar similitudes entre la competencia traductora y la competencia en educación, lo cual generó el interés por profundizar en el tema. Por tal motivo, el presente artículo de revisión analiza cuatro conceptos: la competencia, la competencia en educación, la competencia traductora y los saberes con el objetivo de documentar sus nexos teóricos y contribuir posiblemente al diálogo entre la didáctica de la traducción y el campo educativo que una necesidad investigativa pendiente a nivel disciplinar (Hurtado-Albir, 2019). Primero, se rastrea la noción de competencia. Después, se examinan la competencia en educación y la competencia traductora. Finalmente, se profundiza en el saber-hacer, el saber-saber y el saber-ser, que abonan a la adquisición de la competencia traductora.
Practice Report as a Form of Graduation Thesis among Master of Interpreting Students in China
Authors: Wen Jiachen , Li Xiangdong
Published: January 2025

Practice reports where students reflect on and learn from interpreting experiences are the most widely chosen form of graduation thesis among Master of Interpreting students in China. Though seemingly less demanding than traditional thesis, it poses different challenges for students. So far, limited research has been conducted to explore this unique form of graduation requirement. This survey aims to describe the features of Master of Interpreting (MI) students’ practice reports. A purposive sample of 685 interpreting practice reports (2015-2021) were analyzed through content analysis against a literature-informed coding scheme. The results reveal the diversified features of MI graduates’ interpreting practice and point to the lack of agreed norms on report writing. This survey informs trainers and students of the most common problems, strategies, and theoretical frameworks in problem analysis and strategy justification. Hopefully, the findings can provide pedagogical insights for trainers and students in institutions where a similar thesis form is practiced.
Escucha activa y memorización para intérpretes: resultados preliminares de una experiencia didáctica
Authors: Bertozzi Michela
Published: January 2025

En este artículo se presentan los resultados preliminares de una experimentación didáctica realizada con un grupo de estudiantes de español-italiano del Posgrado en Interpretación de la Universidad de Bolonia, donde se ha completado el pilotaje de una unidad didáctica dedicada a la escucha activa y a las técnicas de memorización del discurso espontáneo en el marco de un curso interactivo de autoaprendizaje/aprendizaje colaborativo en línea para intérpretes en formación. La creación de este recurso didáctico forma parte de un proyecto de investigación e innovación docente en marcha, encaminado al fomento del ejercicio autónomo/entre pares en interpretación, al uso de las nuevas herramientas digitales para intérpretes y a la consolidación de competencias transversales entre todo el alumnado. Ya que la muestra de estudiantes que participaron en la prueba comparte la combinación lingüística español-italiano, se hace especial referencia a las posibles necesidades e implicaciones didácticas en este par de idiomas. Los resultados preliminares muestran una buena percepción general por parte de los estudiantes sobre la unidad didáctica en línea y una serie de pautas que considerar a la hora de diseñar actividades encaminadas a la mejora de las capacidades de escucha activa y memorización para intérpretes.
Women in the History of Linguistics
Authors: Chávez Fajardo Soledad
Published: January 2025

Reseña de Women in the History of Linguistics.Wendy Ayres-Bennett y Helena Sanson (Eds.).Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2020, 648 pp.
PRIMENA VEŠTAČKE INTELIGENCIJE U UPRAVLJANJU PROJEKTIMA
Authors: Damjanac Aleksa
Published: January 2025

Master rad predstavlja teoretsku i praktičnu analizu uticaja i primene veštačke inteligencije u projektnom menadžmentu. Na osnovu pregleda literature i izvedene elektronske ankete na temu primene i uticaja veštačke inteligencije na teritoriji Republike Srbije, stečen je uvid u trenutno stanje domaćeg tržišta i potreba za razvijanjem.
ПРИМЕНА МЕТОДОЛОГИЈЕ ЗА КОНТИНУАЛНО УНАПРЕЂЕЊЕ У АУТОМОБИЛСКОЈ ИНДУСТРИЈИ
Authors: Жутић Илија
Published: January 2025

У раду је детаљно описан Jishuken прилаз, као део Lean методологије. Описани су неопходни кораци процеса, применом одређених метода и алата, како би се постигао дефинисани циљ, идентификовањем подручја у којим постоје одступања од стандарда, која се могу унапредити и на тај начин довести до побољшања самог начина рада
PRIMENA NEUROMARKETINGA U DIZAJNIRANJU MALOPRODAJNOG PROSTORA I SENZORNOG ISKUSTVA KORISNIKA
Authors: Kolarić Sandra
Published: January 2025

Rad se bavi principima neuromarketinga uz detaljan prikaz savremenih tehnika. Centralni deo rada je posvećen faktorima koji utiču na kupovinu u prodavnici, odnosno opisano je svih pet čula i njihov uticaj na donošenje odluka kod potrošača. Istraživački deo rada ima za cilj da, putem metode izbora pod pritiskom, ispita hipoteze i zaključke do kojih se dolazilo u dosadašnjim neuromarketing istraživanjima.
ULOGA SKRAM MASTERA I VLASNIKA PROIZVODA U USPEŠNOM UPRAVLJANJU PROJEKTIMA
Authors: Kobiljski Dunja
Published: January 2025

U okviru ovog rada predstavljen je pojam projekta kao jedinstvenog procesa kojim je potrebno upravljati, kao i različite metode upravljanja projektima. Takođe, u radu se opisuju uloge skram mastera i vlasnika proizvoda, potrebne za uspešno upravljanje projektima realizovanim prema skram okviru. Istraživački deo rada bavi se ispitivanjem načina implementacije skram okvira u IT industriji i prikupljanjem podataka o tome koliko je relevantno da skram master i vlasniк proizvoda poseduju tehničko znanje
JEDAN PRISTUP ZA OTKRIVANJE IZAZOVA U KVANTNOM PROGRAMIRANJU IZ REPOZITORIJUMA OTVORENOG KODA
Authors: Filipović Vladimir
Published: January 2025

U ovom radu predstavljen je pristup za analizu kvantnih softverskih repozitorijuma sa ciljem identifikacije glavnih izazova sa kojima se susreću programeri prilikom rada na kvantnim projektima. Metodologija obuhvata procese otkrivanja, kloniranja, predprocesiranja i klasifikacije repozitorijuma, kao i identifikaciju i grupisanje izazova. Korišćenjem i verifikacijom OpenAI modela u određenim koracima analize, uspešno je demonstrirano kako se veštačka inteligencija može koristiti za identifikaciju i klasifikaciju izazova u kvantnom softveru.
NON-REAL-TIME I REAL-TIME METODE RENDEROVANJA: UPOREDNA STUDIJA SLUČAJA RENDEROVANJA KAUSTIKE ZA VODU I STAKLO
Authors: Savić Milica
Published: January 2025

Tema ovog istraživanja jeste kaustika i algoritmi za renderovanje koji su se pokazali kao najefikasniji kada je ovaj efekat u pitanju. Istraživanje obuhvata testiranje spomenutih algoritama upotrebom različitih renderer-a u programima „Blender“ i „3Ds Max“ kao primer fotorealističnog renderovanja kaustike u non-real-time računarskoj grafici. Radi testiranja real-time renderovanja kaustike, korišćen je „Unreal Engine“.
ANALIZA MOGUĆNOSTI IMPLEMENTACIJE TRETMANA KOMUNALNOG OTPADA U REGIONU NOVI SAD
Authors: Nađivan Đerđ , Ubavin Dejan
Published: January 2025

U ovom radu je analizana mogućnost implementacije tretmana komunalnog otpada u regionu Novi Sad. Dat je detaljan prikaz i opis tretmana otpada i načinima upravljanja otpadom. Dat je prikaz Regionalnog plana upravljanja otpadom za izabrani region. Upoređene su trenutne prakse tretmana otpada sa dve alternativne metode.
SYNTHESIS OF SOME NOVEL OXAZOLIDINONES HAVING BENZO THIAZINEN DERIVATIVES AS ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS
Authors: Fernandes Jennifer , Kumar Pankaj , Kumar Abhishek
Published: January 2025

In order to develop relatively small molecules as pharmacologically active molecules, a series of novel oxazolidinones having benzothiazinen and their derivatives were synthesized, and characterized by IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectral studies. Various substituted oxazolidinones benzothiazinen were prepared by simple reflux in the presence of acetonitrile. Treatment of these oxazolidinones benzothiazinen derivatives with methanesulfonyl gives its sulphonates derivatives on further treatment with sodium azide and tri phenyl phosphine in acetic anhydride to give its acetamide derivatives. Further the synthesized compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antifungal activity against, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The synthesized compounds were screened for their anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan induced paw-edema method.
VALIDATED RP-UPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR ESTIMATION OF LANSOPRAZOLE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Singh Sunil , Choudhary Nisha , Rai Jyoti , . Inamullah , Sharma Surabhi , Yadav Ajit Kumar , Gautam Hemendra , Chaturvedi Shashank , Agrawal Vipin Kumar
Published: January 2025

A simple, sensitive and precise isocratic ultra performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of Lansoprazole has been developed, validated and used for the determination of compounds in commercial pharmaceutical products. The separation was carried out isocratically on a C18 column utilizing a mobile phase consisting of methanol: water (80:20 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with UV detection at 284 nm. The retention time of Lansoprazole was found to be 3.905 min. The described method was linear over a concentration range of 50-30 μg/ml (r2 =0∙998) for the assay of Lansoprazole. Results of analysis were validated statistically. The results of the study showed that the proposed RP-UPLC method is simple, rapid, precise and accurate, which is useful for the routine determination of Lansoprazole in tablet dosage form and in its pharmaceutical dosage forms.
PHENOLOGICAL VARIATION IN THE IN-VITRO ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES AND Α-AMYLASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF TETRAPLEURA TETRAPTERA POD
Authors: Irondi A. E. , Anokam K. K. , Chukwuma P. C.
Published: January 2025

Variation in the in-vitro antioxidant properties and α-amylase inhibitory activity of Tetrapleura tetraptera pod was assessed at two phenologic stages of the fruit development, that is, the mature green (MG) and ripe brown (RB) stages. RB pod (RBP) had significantly higher (P < 0.05) antioxidant phenolic phytochemicals - total phenol, tannin and total flavonoid - levels than the MG pod (MGP). Conversely, MGP had significantly higher (P < 0.05) total carotenoid and vitamin C contents than RBP. Methanolic extracts of both MGP and RBP had appreciable trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and were effective in reducing Fe3+ to Fe2+. However, RBP extract had significantly higher (P < 0.05) TEAC and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) than MGP extract. Furthermore, both MGP and RBP extracts scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical in a dose-dependent manner, with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of RBP (0.11 mg/ml) being lower than that of MGP (0.16 mg/ml). Both extracts also displayed potent inhibitory activity against porcine pancreatic α-amylase in a dose-dependent manner, having IC50 values of 0.33 mg/ml and 0.46 mg/ml for RBP and MGP respectively. Therefore, T. tetraptera pod is more potent in scavenging free radicals and inhibiting pancreatic α-amylase in vitro when fully ripe than when green, and thus could be more effective in alleviating oxidative stress and managing postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes at the fully ripe stage than at the mature green stage.
FORMULATION OPTIMIZATION FOR COLON TARGETED DELIVERY OF KATIRA GUM MATRIX TABLETS CONTAINING AZATHIOPRINE
Authors: Girotra Priti , Singh Shailendra Kumar
Published: January 2025

Katira gum, a natural polysaccharide resembles guar gum in chemical composition and is susceptible to degradation by colonic microflora. Azathioprine is used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Present investigation was undertaken to design Katira gum oral colon targeted matrix tablets containing azathioprine, in order to maximize its therapeutic efficacy. Central composite design (software design expert v. 8.0.7.1) was employed to optimize the formulation for maximum drug release in colon. The optimized batch tablets obtained were further coated by Eudragit S100 to minimize the drug release in upper part of GIT. The uncoated matrix tablets released around 20-50% of the drug in the physiological environment of stomach and small intestine but released all its contents in the colon. The coated optimized formulation exhibited a release of only 5-35% in stomach and small intestine and almost all drug in simulated colonic dissolution media. The drug release kinetics followed Korsmeyer-Peppas model, indicating the drug release mechanism through combined diffusion and erosion mechanism. The results suggested that Katira gum can be a good carrier for colon targeting owing to its moderate viscosity, biocompatibility and biodegradability which could be successfully degraded by the microbial flora in the colon.
PREPARATION AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF MICROBALLOON DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF TELMISARTAN
Authors: Ganesan V. , Kanth V. S.V.S.P. Krishna
Published: January 2025

In present study an attempt was made to prepare hollow microspheres (microballoons) of Telmisartan by emulsion solvent diffusion technique for sustained delivery by using polymers like Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) and Eudragit RS 100 in order to extend the drug release for about 12 h in the upper GIT, which may result in enhanced absorption and there by improved bioavailability. The particle size was determined by optical micrometer and average particle size was found to be in range of189.5± 2.63 to 124.33± 2.14. Formulation F7 containing HPMC and Eudragit polymer blend showed the best floating ability (91.26%) as compared with other formulations. From Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) it was observed that, microballoons were found to be spherical in shape with smooth surface texture with a hollow space within. Among all formulations, F7 showed appropriate balance between buoyancy and drug release rate of 98.32% in 12 h, which is considered as the best formulation.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SWELLABLE ELEMENTARY OSMOTIC PUMP TABLET OF GLIPIZIDE
Authors: N Preethi , S Sujatha
Published: January 2025

A novel type of elementary osmotic pump [EOP] tablet for efficient delivery of poorly water-soluble drug, glipizide has been designed. Drug release from the system, called Swellable Elementary Osmotic Pump [SEOP], is through a delivery orifice in the form of a very fine dispersion, ready for dissolution and absorption. SEOP tablets were prepared by compressing the mixture of micronized drug and excipients into convex tablet. The effect of wetting agent, swelling agent, osmotic agent and hydrophobic plasticizer on the release rate were investigated. The release behavior of glipizide from different formulations of this dosage forms were studied at pH 6.8 for a period of 24 hours. The drug release profile from osmotic devices showed that the type of polymer in the core formulation can markedly affect the drug release. When the amount of HPMC E50-LV was increased from 30 to 60 mg, decrease in drug release was observed. Increasing the amount of wetting agent to an optimum level of 45 mg significantly increased the release rate and improved zero order release pattern of glipizide. Increasing the concentration of Dibutylphthalate [DBP-30%] in the semi permeable membrane of the device retarded the release rate of glipizide but gave best results at the 20% concentration. Based on the SEM studies, optimized orifice diameter was found to be 500µm. Compared with the marketed Glipizide extended release tablet; GF2 gave the best release rate for 24 hours. The bioavailability studies for glipizide SEOP and Glipizide extended release tablet was carried out in albino rabbits and there was a good in-vivo and in-vitro correlation for GF2 as shown by the higher Cmax and AUC values. Thus a novel SEOP was successfully formulated for glipizide to achieve zero order drug release over a period of 24 hours.
INVESTIGATING THE ANTI-OESTROGENIC EFFECTS OF EPHEDRINE AND DE NOVO DESIGN OF OESTROGEN MODULATING MOLECULES
Authors: Galea K. , Shoemake C. , Azzopardi L. M.
Published: January 2025

Ephedrine is a thermogenic compound extracted from the shrub plant Ephedra sinica which has enjoyed worldwide use as the active ingredient in weight loss products prior to being banned from use by the FDA in 2004 following numerous adverse effect reports including cardiac arrest. A study published by Arbo et al. in 2008 hypothesised the potential anti-oestrogenic effects of ephedrine following a series of in vivo uterotrophic assays in immature female rats. Through this study we report the validation of this hypothesis by means of comparison of in silico ligand binding affinities of the isomers of ephedrine with that of 17-β-oestradiol. Furthermore the ephedrine scaffold was used as a pharmacophore for the de novo creation of high affinity novel ligands for the oestrogen receptor on the basis that the absence of the steroidal scaffold and the use of a hitherto unutilised pharmacophoric platform would mitigate many of the adverse effects associated with 17-β-oestradiol analogs and also those of the Selective Oestrogen Receptor Modulators in contemporary use.
STABILITY STUDY AND IN-VIVO EVALUATION OF LORNOXICAM LOADED ETHYL CELLULOSE MICROSPHERES
Authors: Tyagi Lalit Kumar , Kori Mohan Lal
Published: January 2025

Sustained release microspheres of Lornoxicam were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method using ethyl cellulose as release retarding agent and evaluated for in-vivo efficacy and stability study. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of microspheres was evaluated by using the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema and Eddy’s hot plate methods, respectively. In-vivo study of microspheres demonstrated significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of prepared microspheres for a longer period of time as compared to the standard drug. The microspheres showed minor changes (non significant) in physical appearance, particle size with no appreciable change in drug content in different conditions of stability studies. Results also showed that no remarkable changes in the drug release from microspheres formulation of different storage conditions. From these findings, it is concluded that Lornoxicam significantly increases anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect when oral administration in ethyl cellulose microspheres formulation.
NEUROPROTECTIVE EVALUATION OF LEAF EXTRACT OF DALBERGIA SISSOO IN 3-NITROPROPIONIC ACID INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN RATS
Authors: Swaroop Thonda V.S.S. , Banerjee Suddhasatwa , M. Handral
Published: January 2025

This research was performed to characterize the neuroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Dalbergia sissoo leaves in 3-Nitropropionic acid induced neurotoxic rats. The ethanolic extract of Dalbergia sissoo leaves was administered orally at different doses (300 and 600 mg/kg) to neurotoxic rats. During treatment psychopharmacological parameters were recorded, 24 hours after experiment antioxidant profiles from brain isolate were estimated and histopathology of brain was performed. The ethanolic extract significantly attenuated behavioral alterations, oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and striatal/hippocampus damage in 3-Nitropropionic acid treated rats. These results suggest that ethanolic extract of Dalbergia sissoo leaves may have potential therapeutic value in the treatment of some neurological disorders, probably by its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and estrogenic properties.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF ROTULA AQUATICA LOUR. IN ALBINO RATS
Authors: Kamurthy Hemalatha , Nampally Shivaji , Dontha Sunitha
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts of Rotula aquatica whole plant on acute inflammation (carrageenan-induced paw edema) and sub-acute inflammation (cotton pellet granuloma) in animal models. Five different groups of six animals each of either sex were used for acute and sub-acute experimental groups. Group I (control) received saline (5 ml/kg) and groups II rats were treated with indomethacin (10 mg/kg). Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts of whole plant of Rotula aquatica at a dose of 200 mg/kg was given orally to group III, IV and V rats respectively. 1.0 ml of carrageenan was injected s.c. to plantar region of right hind paw of each rat, 1 hour after the drug administration. The change in paw volume was measured at 0, 1, 2 and 3 hours intervals. For sub-acute model of inflammation, sterilized cotton pellets, weighing 10 mg each, were implanted, one on each side of the groin, under light anaesthesia. Drug treatment was given for 7 days. On the eight day, cotton pellets along with granuloma were removed surgically, and wet pellets were weighed, after that dried at 60ºC overnight and then the dry pellets weight was taken. Petroleum ether and ethyl extracts at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight exhibited significant inhibition (P<0.01) in acute and sub-acute inflammation models, which was comparable with standard drug (Indomethacin) whereas ethanolic extract showed marked inhibition (P<0.05). Rotula aquatica whole plant possesses anti-inflammatory effects in both acute and sub-acute inflammatory conditions and this may be possible to explain use of plant in traditional medicine.
AN IN-SILICO STUDY ON THYMOMA WITH INHIBITORS FROM PETIOLE AND TENDER COCONUT WATER FROM COCOS NUCIFERA
Authors: V Lisina K. , Piramanayagam Shanmughavel
Published: January 2025

Thymoma is a tumor originating from the epithelial cells of the thymus. Thymoma is an unusual tumor, best known for its association with the neuromuscular disorder myasthenia gravis. When diagnosed, thymomas may be removed surgically. In the rare case of a dangerous tumor, chemotherapy may be used. Health and medicinal applications of tender coconut product get research interest in recent years. The application of edible coconut part is due to the different natural components present in it. This research paper aimed to know the main reported components of coconut i.e., tender coconut water and coconut Petiole for its inhibitory activity against Thymoma. We have chosen target proteins for Thymoma viz RasP21 protein (PDB ID: 4FSS), AKT-1 (PDB ID: 3O96) and BCL-2 (PDB ID: 4AQ3) for our study, it was predicted to be expressed in Thymoma. Docking is frequently used to predict the binding orientation of small molecule drug candidates to their protein targets in order to in turn predict the affinity and activity of the small molecule. Docking study of the target protein was done with natural compounds derived from coconut. The coconut palm (also, cocoanut), Cocos nucifera, is a member of the family Arecaceae (palm family). It is the only accepted species in the genus Cocos. The term coconut can allude to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which, botanically, is a drupe, not a nut. Chemical constituents found in extracts of entire coconut palm. Phytochemicals screened for Glide HTVS docking showed good interaction with the target. The antitumor compound that yielded a fitness score of more than -5 and good toxicity value were further subjected to Molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). L-Histidine can be a good drug considering their binding affinity, glide energy, glide score and toxicity and that could be a potential target for Thymoma. The docking and ADME studies were performed using Schrödinger Suite.
RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF MEBENDAZOLE AND THE TWO PRESERVATIVES METHYLPARABEN AND PROPYLPARABEN IN PHARMACEUTICAL ORAL SUSPENSION DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Turabi Zahi Mohammad , Khatatbeh O’hood A. , Al-Abed Dalal N.
Published: January 2025

A rapid, accurate, specific, linear, and sensitive reverse phase-HPLC method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Mebendazole (MEB), Methylparaben (MP) and Propylparaben (PP) in pharmaceutical oral suspension dosage form. The chromatographic separation was performed on (Inertsil ODS-3V) C18 Column (250mm × 4.6mm, 5μm particle size) using a mobile phase: Methanol, 0.05M monobasic potassium phosphate, Acetonitrile (48:32:20v/v), at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min and 30°C column temperature with the detection wavelength at 247nm. The retention times of MP, MEB and PP were 2.83 min, 4.14 min and 4.75 min respectively. The linearity was performed in the concentration range of 3.6-5.4μg/ml (MP), 40-60μg/ml (MEB), and 0.4-0.6μg/ml (PP) with a squared correlation coefficient of 0.999, 0.999 and 0.9994 for MP, MEB and PP respectively. The percentage purity of MP, MEB and PP was found to be >99.0%. The Proposed method has been validated for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, ruggedness and robustness which were within the acceptance limit according to ICH guidelines and the developed method was successfully employed for routine quality control analysis in the combined pharmaceutical dosage forms.
RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF PERINDOPRIL AND LOSARTAN IN PURE FORM AND TABLET FORMULATIONS
Authors: Vijayalakshmi R. , Sandya P. , Rao M. Poorna Chandra , Dhanaraju M. D.
Published: January 2025

The combination of Perindopril (PRN) and Losartan (LRN) is used in the management of hypertension. The present work was focused on the development of RP-HPLC method for the estimation of perindopril and losartan in binary mixtures. The separation was performed on LUNA C18 column at 210 nm by isocratic elution. Methanol and phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) in the ratio of 85:15 with a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min at ambient temperature was found to be suitable for chromatographic separation. Perindopril and losartan exhibits linearity in the ranges of 200-500 and 30-80 µg/mL respectively. The proposed method evidenced the absence of chromatographic interference by pharmaceutical excipients. Separation of the mixtures was proved to be good from the resolution of the peaks. Validation and recovery studies were performed and the results proved the method to be suitable for routine analysis.
PHARMACOSOMES: A POTENTIAL VESICULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: Venkatesh D. Nagasamy , Kalyani K. , Tulasi K. , Priyanka V. Swetha , Ali Shaik Abid , Kumar S. Shashi
Published: January 2025

Lipid based drug delivery systems have been examined in various studies and exhibited their potential in controlled and targeted drug delivery. Pharmacosomes, a novel vesicular drug delivery system, offering a unique advantage over liposomes and niosomes, and serve as potential alternative to these conventional vesicles. They constitute an amphiphilic phospholipid complex with drug bearing an active hydrogen atom covalently that bind to phospholipids. They provide an efficient delivery of drug required at the site of action, which ultimately reduces the drug toxicity with reduced adverse effects and also reduces the cost of therapy by imparting better biopharmaceutical properties to the drug, resulting in increases bioavailability, especially in case of poorly soluble drugs. As the system is formed by binding the drug (pharmakon) to carrier (soma), they are termed as pharmacosomes. Depending upon the chemical structure of the drug lipid complex they may exist as ultrafine vesicular, micellar and hexagonal aggregate. Drug having active hydrogen group such as carboxyl, hydroxyl group can be esterified to lipids, resulting in amphiphilic compound. Pharmacosomes are widely used as carriers for various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, proteins, cardiovascular and antineoplastic drugs. The release of drug from pharmacosomes is generally governed by the process of enzymatic reaction and acid hydrolysis. Here, in the present review paper we have discussed the potential of pharmacosomes as a controlled and targeted drug delivery system and highlighted the method of preparation and characterization.
APPLICATION OF BRACHYSTEGIA EURYCOMA GUM-EGG ALBUMEN MIXTURE IN THE FORMULATION OF MODIFIED RELEASE METRONIDAZOLE TABLETS
Authors: AL Uzondu , KN Nwadike , EI Okoye
Published: January 2025

The study was aimed at investigating the effects of Brachystegia gum (BG)-egg albumin (EA) mixture as binding agent on the qualities of metronidazole tablets. BG and EA were mixed at different ratios to generate fifteen binder mixtures (F1-F15), from which F1-F5, F6-F10 and F11-F15 were used at 2%, 4% and 6% w/w respectively to formulate metronidazole granules by wet granulation. The granules after micromeritic characterization were subsequently compressed into tablets. Quality control tests conducted on the tablets include: hardness, friability, weight uniformity and dissolution studies. Results reveal that granules flow rates ranged from 3.02 g/s (F4) to 4.73 g/s (F1); angle of repose ranged from 29.06° (F12) to 35.93° (F3); Carr’s index values were between 7.49% (F9) and 25.43% (F12), while Hausner’s ratio ranged from 1.08 (F9) to 1.34 (F12). Tablet hardness values were between 3.65±0.47 (F2) and 5.95±0.60 (F11). Tablets friability values were of magnitude ranging from 0.84 (F11) t0 21.73 (F1). The result of weight variation test revealed that only four batches (F4, F6, F9 and F15) met compendia specifications. Among the metronidazole tablet formulations, those containing binder at 2% w/w released the highest amount of drug, giving up to 90% drug release in 6 h. The least amount of metronidazole was released by tablets formulated with binders at 6% w/w from which only about 30% of drug was released in 6 h. The BG-EA mixture was found useful in imparting slow release profile on metronidazole tablets, which is desirable for some tablet formulations.
PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF DELONIX REGIA SEED GUM AS A SUSPENDING AGENT IN A LIQUID ORAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Okoye Ebere I. , Edochie Chinenye , Adegbemi Jacob O.
Published: January 2025

The study focused on the extraction and utilization of Delonix regia seed gum as a suspending agent in amoxicillin dry granules for reconstitution. The seeds were dehauled, defatted with diethyl ether and the gum extracted from its aqueous dispersion by antisolvent precipitation method. Delonix regia gum (DRG), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hydroxylpropylmethyl cellulose at 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00% (with or without NaCl at 0.02% or 0.04%) were separately used to formulate amoxicillin granules. The granules were reconstituted and characterized using standard protocols for suspension dosage forms. Results revealed that at similar concentrations, products viscosities were: CMC>HPMC>DRG; and pourability: DRG>HPMC>CMC. At 1.00%, DRG gave the best product and flocculation with NaCl was better at 0.02%. The order of degree of flocculation at 1.00% suspendant and 0.02% NaCl was DRG>HPMC>CMC, while at 0.04% NaCl, it was CMC>HPMC>DRG. Ease of redispersion for DRG products was significantly better (p<0.05) than those of CMC, HPMC and two popular commercial products in Nigeria. Particles shapes and interaction with the excipients as revealed by photomicrographs illuminated some of the observed properties of the products, in that the ones whose particles were planar or acicular shaped had significantly higher (p<0.05) degree of flocculation than products containing mostly circular particles. In conclusion, the qualities of products formulated with DRG compared very well and for redispersibility is significantly better (p<0.05) than products formulated with standard suspending agents and the two popular commercial products in Nigeria markets.
COMPUTATIONAL 3D STRUCTURE PREDICTION, EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE AN EFFECTIVE TARGET FOR FILARIAL INFECTION BY BRUGIA PAHANGI USING HOMOLOGY MODELING APPROACH
Authors: Kumar Shailesh , Nath Onkar , Govil Sumit , Pathak A. N.
Published: January 2025

Pyruvate dehydrogenase protein is a part of cellular respiration which helps in maintaining glucose and energy level (ATP) in the cells for their normal functioning. Initially it was reported that Brugia pahangi is a nematode causing filarial infections in animals like dogs and cats. But, in the recent studies, Brugia pahangiis also found to cause filarial infections in Humans, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. By targeting the cellular respiration of this worm this filarial infections can be treated. The three dimensional structure of pyruvate dehydrogenase in B.pahangi will help to target cellular respiration more efficiently. The comparative modeling approach based software Modeller9.13 is used to model three dimensional structure of pyruvate dehydrogenase. The modeled structure was evaluated by Procheck, VADAR, Process, ProSA tools. The Physiochemical properties of this protein are analyzed by APD2 and Protparam software. Enzymatic Cleavage site of this protein is identified by Peptide cutter tool. Active sites in modeled structure are identified by Pocket finder tool fordrug targets.The modeled structure, properties and active sites of this protein will help to design lead molecules which can treat the filarial infections in humans. The structure will also help to understand the working of pyruvate dehydrogenase in betterand efficient manner by identifying the protein interaction networks in Brugia pahangi.
AMELIORATION OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES MELLITUS AND HYPERTENSION BY ETORICOXIB, LORNOXICAM AND ALLOPURINOL
Authors: Nade V. S. , Kawale L. A. , Deshmukh P. S. , Zambare S. S. , Wale Y. B.
Published: January 2025

Endothelial dysfunction is associated with diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Oxidative stress and augmented activity of associated enzymes like cyclooxygenase (COX) and xanthine oxidase (XO) is a major culprit. In this study, diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by alloxan (75 mg/kg, i.v) and hypertension was induced by left renal artery (LRA) ligation in male Wistar rats. Treatment with COX inhibitors, etoricoxib (10 mg/kg, p.o), lornoxicam (4.5 mg/kg, i.p) and XO inhibitor, allopurinol (50 mg/kg, p.o) was initiated after confirming induction of diabetes and hypertension and continued for 6 weeks. Vascular reactivity to catecholamines like adrenaline (1 µg/kg), noradrenaline (1 µg/kg), and phenylephrine (1 µg/kg), was evaluated in both models wherein treated rats expressed better responses than untreated groups. In an in vitro study, relaxant response to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was observed on isolated aortas. Relaxation to ACh was impaired in untreated groups but treated groups produced near to normal relaxant responses. In case of SNP, no significant results were obtained. Diabetes and hypertension induced significant oxidative stress reflected by increase in lipid peroxidation level and decrease in antioxidant enzymes like catalase and superoxide dismutase. Drugs treatment reversed these effects on oxidative stress indices and ameliorated endothelial dysfunction.
CONTRIBUTION OF NMR SPECTROSCOPY, MASS SPECTROMETRY AND X-RAY DIFFRACTOMETRY TECHNIQUES TO THE CHARACTERIZATION OF 2-CHLORO-8-METHYL-3-FORMYLQUINOLINE
Authors: Arshad M. Faiz , Hassan Allam A. , Rohaimi Abdulmohsen H. Al
Published: January 2025

Quinoline and its analogues have been known to possess diverse pharmacological activities. In the last three decades 2-chloro-8-methyl-3-formylquinoline has been utilized as building blocks for the development of various quinolines fused heteroaryl rings. In this article we report the complete spectral details of 2-chloro-8-methyl-3-formylquinoline. The techniques involved in the characterization of title compounds are various NMR experiments such as HSQC, COSY and HMBC. Molecular weight was determined by FAB-mass spectrometry. The powder XRD study revealed crystal behavior of the title compound.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BENZO THIAZINEN DERIVATIVES
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Fernandes Jennifer , Kumar Abhishek
Published: January 2025

In order to develop relatively small molecules as pharmacologically active molecules, a series of novel oxazolidinones having benzothiazinen and their derivatives were synthesized, and characterized by IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectral studies. Various substituted oxazolidinones benzothiazinen were prepared by simple reflux in the presence of acetonitrile. Treatment of these oxazolidinones benzothiazinen deravatives with methanesulfonyl gives its sulphonates derivatives on further treatment with sodium azide and tri phenyl phosphine in acetic anhydride to give its acetamide derivatives. Further the synthesized compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antifungal activity against, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.
IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECTS OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA LOTION ON INTERLEUKIN-1, INTERLEUKIN-6 AND INTERLEUKIN-8 LEVELS IN SCABIES-INFECTED PEDIATRIC PATIENTS: A SINGLE BLIND, RANDOMIZED TRIAL
Authors: Castillo AL , Ramos JDA , Francia JL De , Quilala PF , Dujunco MU
Published: January 2025

Scabies is a contagious, parasitic skin infestation caused by Sarcoptes scabiei mite, which has the ability to regulate the host’s inflammatory and immune responses. It is a serious community health problem in many less-developed countries. A randomized, controlled, parallel, pilot clinical study was performed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of the formulated Tinospora lotion in clinically diagnosed scabies-infected patients through Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 using blood serum samples. The pediatric patients were treated with Tinospora and Permethrin lotions for three consecutive days for two weeks. Blood extraction was performed before and after the second and fourth week of treatment period. Tinospora lotion significantly reduced the Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels from Day 14 to Day 28 (p=0.0002) comparable to Permethrin lotion (p<0.050). Permethrin efficiently decreased Interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels than Tinospora at Day 14 (p=0.0155). Down regulation of Interleukin 1, 6, and 8 levels in scabies infestation inhibits hyperkeratosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells into scabietic lesion. The modulation effect of the Tinospora lotion on interleukin levels reinforces its anti-scabies activity.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF SANTALUM ALBUM LINN. LEAVES
Authors: Hegde Karunakar , Deepak T. K. , Kabitha K. K.
Published: January 2025

The present study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of leaves of Santalum album in experimentally induced liver injury by carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol. The levels of serum marker enzymes, bilirubin, total protein and antioxidant status were determined by measuring lipid peroxidation, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. Total wet weight and histopathological study of isolated liver was also carried out. The oral pre-treatment with hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of S. album (200 and 400 mg/kg) showed significant hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 and paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing the activities of serum marker enzymes, bilirubin and lipid peroxidation, and significant increase in the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and protein in a dose dependent manner, which was confirmed by the decrease in the total weight of the liver and histopathological examinations. Data also revealed that the extract possessed strong antioxidant activity, which might leads to the promising hepatoprotective activity.