bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolução espacial e temporal da contaminação por nitrato no aquífero urbano de Urânia (SP)
Authors: Marques Carlos Henrique Gil , Terada Rafael , Galvão Paulo , Hirata Ricardo
Published: June 2019

Localizada sobre os domínios do Aquífero Adamantina (Sistema Aquífero Bauru), a cidade de Urânia/SP está significativamente contaminada por nitrato (NO3-) via processo de urbanização, inicialmente sem instalação da rede de esgoto ainda na década de 1960. Este estudo objetiva avaliar a evolução dessa contaminação no tempo e espaço, a partir de análises químicas de 13 campanhas de amostragem nos últimos 20 anos. Foi efetuada a compilação de dados químicos e seleção de grupos de poços, bem como novas amostragens de água, para buscar padrões de concentração de nitrato em regiões distintas da cidade. Concluiu-se que o maior grau de contaminação está historicamente na porção rasa do aquífero, nas proximidades do córrego Comprido e na região noroeste da cidade (>150 e 100 mg/L NO3-, respectivamente). Isso se deve à alta densidade de fossas negras previamente existentes (48 fossas/km² e 23 fossas/km², respectivamente) e, no caso da área noroeste, devido à ocupação urbana mais antiga e por vazamentos de uma rede de esgoto instalada ainda em 1977 e sem manutenção. Essas duas áreas também apresentaram elevadas concentrações (50 a 100 mg/L NO3-) na porção intermediária do aquífero, indicando que a contaminação atinge profundidades maiores. A porção sul da cidade é historicamente a de menor contaminação, devido a urbanização tardia, em parte concomitante com a chegada da rede de esgoto (em 1985), além da menor densidade de fossas negras (17 fossas/km²), apresentando, na maioria das análises, valores de até 50 mg/L NO3-.
Peritoneal Lymphomatosis Masquerading as Pyoperitoneum in a Teenage Boy
Authors: Ravindranath Aathira , Srivastava Anshu , Seetharaman Jayendra , Pandey Rakesh , Sarma Moinak Sen , Poddar Ujjal , Yachha Surender Kumar
Published: June 2019

A 16-year-old boy presented with 1 month of fever, abdominal pain, and distension. The ascitic tap drained pus-like fluid, and ultrasonography showed diffuse thickening of the omentum and mesentery with echogenic ascites. A diagnosis of pyoperitoneum due to peritoneal tuberculosis with secondary infection was suspected, and antitubercular therapy was started elsewhere, but there was no improvement. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed enhancing soft-tissue thickening in the retroperitoneum, extending into the mesentery and encasing the superior and inferior mesenteric vessels. The ascitic fluid appearance deceptively resembled pus, but further analysis revealed atypical lymphocytes. Omental and bone marrow biopsies confirmed Burkitt lymphoma. Awareness of this rare presentation is imperative for making a correct diagnosis.
The physical development of children born with the use of assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Zyuzikova Zinaida S. , Volevodz Natalya N. , Shestakova Marina V. , Dedov Ivan I.
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND. Today, about 0.1% of the world’s population is born using assisted reproductive technology (ART). According to the National Register of ART, in our country these children represent approximately 1.5% of all children born annually. Despite such a high percentage, data on the physical development of children born using ART is contradictory.
AIMS. The aim of the study is to compare the clinical and anthropometric measurements of children born with the help of ART with those of children conceived naturally, in different age groups.
MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study included 88 children born as the result of the use of ART (Group 1) and 117 children conceived naturally (Group 2). Statistical indicators were evaluated from birth to the onset of puberty. Anthropometric measurements for both groups were analyzed, factoring for multiple pregnancy: length/height, SDS length/height, body weight, SDS body weight, body mass index (BMI), and SDS BMI, at birth and at the times of examination of each child. The levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (SDS IGF-1) in children of both groups were also determined.
RESULTS. SDS length and SDS weight at birth in children born to a singleton pregnancy were 0.82 [0.1; 1.83] and 0.17 [–0.53; 0.9] in Group 1, and 0.5 [–0.35; 1.75] and –0.11 [–0.94; 0.635] in Group 2 (p = 0.62 and 0.37, respectively). In children less than 1 year of age, 1 year to 3 years, and 3 to 11 years, there was no difference of SDS length/height and SDS BMI (p = 0.3 and 0.9; p=0.29 and 0.29; p=0.85 and 0.6, respectively).
CONCLUSION. Children born from a singleton pregnancy in both groups were comparable in terms of anthropometric measurements both at birth (adjusted for gestational age), and at different ages. The levels of IGF-1 in children born as a result of the use of ART did not differ from those in children conceived naturally.
Three ways to develop clinical guidelines. ADAPTE and AGREE GRS procedures
Authors: Rebrova Olga Yu.
Published: June 2019

Development of de novo clinical guidelines (CG) is a complex process that requires highly qualified personnel, an extended amount of time (from 1 to 3 years), and, consequently, substantial funding. In many countries there are limits to these resources, and so, as an alternative to the development of actual de novo CG, the expert community has developed simplified ways of preparing CG: adoption and adaptation. Adoption is the easiest option – it is simply translation of clinical guidelines developed by a credible foreign professional association into the native language. In this case, of course, translated guidelines should be attributed accurately as a translation, without claiming additional authorship by a local professional association. It may be stated that the local professional organization has discussed and approved the translated document. It is also possible to post comments. Another way – adaptation – is to adjust the CG, developed in one country, to the conditions and features of the healthcare system in another country. Adaptation is fundamentally more difficult than adoption. An adaptation procedure has been developed by ADAPTE, an international group of experts. Their detailed procedure, complete with commentaries, is freely available. The key stage of the multi-stage adaptation procedure is the assessment of the methodological quality of the adapted CG using the AGREE II questionnaire or its simplified version, AGREE GRS. An assessment of the relevance, consistency, acceptability and applicability of the CG is also performed. In situations of a pronounced shortage of resources, adoption of the CG is preferable, while under less constrained conditions – adaptation of the CG. Development of de novo CG in the context of an unlimited exchange of information seems inappropriate and unnecessarily costly. The compromise is an adaptation that serves, on the one hand, to significantly save various types of resources, and, on the other, to promote the methodology of evidence-based medicine in the national medical community.
Hypoglycemia in neonates: a review of the literature and a case report
Authors: Taranushenko Tatiana E. , Kiseleva Natalia G. , Lazareva Olga V. , Kalygnaja Irina I.
Published: June 2019

Hypoglycemia in the neonatal period is one of the urgent problems of pediatric endocrinology. The main factors that lead to disruption of carbohydrate homeostasis are generally known, but the issues of neonatal hypoglycemia continue to be actively studied. In the last few years, the effect of low blood glucose on brain neurons has been studied, the issues of glycemia monitoring in the first days of life have been outlined, and strategies for managing newborns with hypoglycemic syndrome are being discussed.
Uma análise da gestão operacional em uma multinacional de argamassas industrializadas sob a ótica dos princípios lean manufacturing
Authors: Barbosa Miriam Ercelita , Ferreira Marcelo Sales
Published: June 2019

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar o sistema de gestão de operações de uma empresa de argamassas industrializadas, com múltiplas unidades fabris, sob a ótica da aplicação dos princípios Lean Manufacturing. Pretende-se compreender como esses controles estão implantados e se um diagnóstico baseado na estratégia de gestão é capaz de demonstrar oportunidades de melhoria na gestão de setup de produção; manutenção produtiva total; produção puxada e fluxo continuo; integração da cadeia de suprimentos; gerenciamento visual; controle de qualidade; operações padronizadas; melhoria continua e flexibilização de mão de obra. Assim, para o esse trabalho, a metodologia utilizada foi de caráter descritivo através do estudo de caso, utilizando para coleta e tratamento dos dados questionários aplicados aos gestores das unidades fabris, análise documental, observação participativa da pesquisadora e entrevistas com os gestores regionais. O resultado da pesquisa evidenciou os pontos com oportunidades de melhoria e também unidades fabris com melhores práticas na gestão de operações, que podem ser referências para as demais unidades.
Avaliação da qualidade em serviços: uma análise com relação à percepção dos discentes de uma instituição de ensino superior
Authors: Silva Sthéfany Marilac , Neves Sandra Miranda , Carvalho Henrique Duarte , Oliveira Carlos Henrique de
Published: June 2019

No Brasil, os anos 2000 foram marcados pela reestruturação do ensino superior, o que resultou em um crescimento considerável de instituições de ensino tanto no setor público, quanto no privado. Nesse contexto, surgiu como um desafio avaliar e acompanhar o desempenho dessas instituições. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as lacunas existentes entre as expectativas e percepções dos discentes de uma Instituição Pública de Ensino Superior com relação à qualidade dos serviços prestados. Para atender a esse objetivo, o método de pesquisa adotado foi o levantamento de dados tipo Survey. Como ferramenta de análise, foi utilizado um questionário baseado na escala ServQual, que permite inferir sobre cinco aspectos relacionados aos serviços (tangibilidade, responsividade, confiabilidade, garantia e empatia). A análise considerou a prestação de serviços pelos setores de Ensino, Pesquisa, Extensão e Serviços Administrativos da instituição. Como resultados principais, observou-se que a dimensão Tangibilidade obteve a melhor avaliação em todos os setores e a dimensão Confiabilidade é aquela que apresenta o maior Gap negativo. Esses resultados permitiram identificar oportunidades de melhoria para cada um dos setores analisados.
Aplicação de ferramentas do lean manufacturing: estudo de caso em uma indústria de remanufatura
Authors: Hilsdorf Wilson de Castro , Lopes Ana Paula Vilas Boas Viveiros , Cittatini Caroline , Ghisini Juliana Siqueira
Published: June 2019

A crescente preocupação com o meio ambiente e destinação correta de produtos coloca a possibilidade da remanufatura de produtos como uma das diversas formas pelas quais os objetivos de sustentabilidade podem ser alcançados. O processo de remanufatura caracteriza-se por uma série de especificidades que o diferenciam da manufatura tradicional, tornando-o mais complexo e exigindo diferentes estratégias de gerenciamento como, por exemplo, o lean manufacturing. Neste cenário, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia da aplicação da filosofia do lean manufacturing no gerenciamento do processo de remanufatura. Para tanto, foi executado um estudo de caso em profundidade em uma empresa fabricante de peças automotivas que tem na remanufatura uma de suas estratégias de produção. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a filosofia lean contribui para a obtenção de ganhos de produtividade no processo de remanufatura, porém sua aplicação deve ser adaptada às características próprias desse processo.
O papel das TIC no estímulo à autonomia dos estudantes do ensino superior: Visão dos professores
Authors: Simões Dora , Faustino Paula
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo reflete a visão dos professores do ensino superior acerca do papel que as tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) podem ter no estímulo à autonomia dos estudantes, no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. O alcance deste objetivo envolveu a constituição de um referencial teórico para contextualização do ensino superior e das políticas educativas sob os pressupostos do processo de Bolonha, explorando o binómio incentivo à autonomia dos estudantes e a utilização das TIC. Foi adotada uma abordagem exploratória quantitativa com o propósito de recolher as visões dos professores envolvidos em duas licenciaturas do ensino superior público português. Foram analisados os planos curriculares e usado o inquérito por questionário dirigido aos professores. Os resultados revelam que os professores afirmam desenvolver esforços para incentivar a autonomia dos estudantes e que se sentem motivados para utilizar as TIC na sua prática educativa. Os motivos mais apontados são a facilitação no acesso a recursos e informação, a inovação, a regulação, tutorização e intervenção; e na interação e comunicação. Os professores revelam também deter perceções positivas das potencialidades das TIC no suporte ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem, destacando-se as perceções de facilidade de uso e de utilidade.
Inducción a la profesión docente: Los problemas de los profesores principiantes en la República Dominicana
Authors: Jáspez Juan Francisco , Sánchez-Moreno Marita
Published: June 2019

Este artículo presenta los hallazgos de un estudio exploratorio-descriptivo, con un enfoque cuantitativo-cualitativo, cuyo objetivo fue identificar y describir los problemas de los profesores principiantes que participaron en un programa de inducción docente (INDUCTIO) en la República Dominicana. Se diseñaron dos cuestionarios ad hoc y se aplicaron a 363 profesores principiantes y 45 mentores respectivamente. Igualmente se desarrollaron dos grupos focales, uno con doce profesores principiantes y otro con diez mentores. Los hallazgos reflejan que el manejo de la disciplina, la motivación y dar respuesta a las diferencias individuales de los estudiantes son los problemas que más afrontan los profesores principiantes. La percepción acerca de dichos problemas mejora notablemente tras permanecer en el programa cinco meses. Finalmente, se detectan diferencias significativas entre los problemas identificados al inicio del programa tanto por los profesores principiantes como por los mentores.  Del mismo modo, se observaron diferencias significativas en relación con los problemas que ambos grupos refieren haber superado.
A study on conceptual associations of colors in preschool children
Authors: Mazlum Özge , Mazlum Fehmi Soner
Published: June 2019

In this study, the conceptual associations of colors in preschool children were examined with an interdisciplinary perspective. Designed as a preliminary review, this study provides insights and suggestions about how conceptual associations of colors can be used for developing products and services for kids and improving the effectiveness of learning activities in education. This study was designed as descriptive survey because it describes an existing situation. This research’s working group was chosen through a purposive sampling method. The study also includes interpreted components. Two-stage interviews were made with 204 children aged between 60 and 72 months in pre-school education in Ankara with active participation of their form teachers, and the data were collected using the context analysis technique. The study found that children show dominant preference for certain colors in connection with certain concepts and they made consistent spectrum preference for certain concepts. These preferences indicate that the children aged between 60 and 72 months are able to make associations between concepts and colors and attribute meanings to colors in the background, with important hints for the use of colors in designing products and planning learning activities for children.
EPISTEMOLOGI HUKUM (YANG) SUBJEKTIF SEBAGAI JALAN MEWUJUDKAN HUKUM YANG BERPERI-KEMANUSIAAN
Authors: Sulistyawan Aditya Yuli
Published: June 2019

Penegakan hukum yang dipengaruhi oleh dominasi paradigma positivisme memaparkan potret penegakan hukum yang tidak berperi-kemanusiaan karena dianggap tidak mengedepankan keadilan, khususnya bagi rakyat kecil. Kasus-kasus hukum seperti pencurian tiga biji kakao oleh Nenek Minah di Banyumas, pencurian setandan pisang oleh Mbah Klijo di Yogyakarta hingga kasus Baiq Nuril yang oleh Putusan MA divonis bersalah melanggar UU ITE. Sepertinya hukum memang tidak didesain untuk memanusiakan manusia. Penegak hukum seperti hanya menjalankan tugasnya untuk merealisasikan teks-teks semata, sekaligus di saat yang sama mengabaikan konteksnya. Ciri demikian sejatinya adalah hakikat hukum yang ber-ontologi realisme naif sebagaimana diyakini oleh pemeluk paradigma positivisme dalam memaknai realitas. Melihat kenyataan paradigmatik yang ada, sejatinya hukum yang ber-epistemologi subjektif adalah sebuah tawaran untuk mewujudkan hukum yang berperikemanusiaan. Apa dan bagaimanakah paradigma yang memberi kemungkinan mewujudkan itu adalah permasalahan yang akan dibahas dalam tulisan ini. Melalui tradisi kualitatif dan paradigma yang menuntun penulis, pembahasan atas permasalahan ini menghadirkan jawaban pada pilihan dua paradigma yang berepistemologi subjektif, yakni: Critical Theory et. al. atau Konstruktivisme. Lantas, perlukah kemudian terjadi shifting paradigm sebagai solusi (?).
Was kommt nach der Aktivierung?
Authors: Brussig Martin
Published: June 2019

Seit nunmehr 20 Jahren wird die Arbeitsmarktpolitik in Deutschland durch das Konzept der Aktivierung dominiert. Das Leitbild der Aktivierung wurde durch eine spezifische Ausrichtung in der Forschung über Arbeitsmarktpolitik begleitet und konzeptionell gestützt. Inzwischen mehren sich die Anzeichen, dass sich das Leitbild der Aktivierung für die Forschung erschöpft hat. Unklar ist bislang, welche neuen Leitbilder das Leitbild der Aktivierung ersetzen. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist, mögliche Kandidaten für konkurrierende arbeitsmarktpolitische Leitbilder vorzustellen und abzuschätzen, welche Impulse von diesen Leitbildern für die Forschung über Arbeitsmarktpolitik ausgehen.
Psychische Belastung als Gegenstand des Arbeitsschutzes
Authors: Beck David
Published: June 2019

Arbeitgeber sind gesetzlich verpflichtet, bei Maßnahmen des Arbeitsschutzes und der dazu erforderlichen Gefährdungsbeurteilung auch psychische Belastungen zu berücksichtigen. Psychosoziale Risiken der Arbeit sind allerdings durch eine hohe Komplexität und Dynamik sowie durch vielfältige Interdependenzen gekennzeichnet. Die im vorliegenden Beitrag berichtete Studie soll dazu beitragen, das Wissen über die Herausforderungen, die sich daraus für die betriebliche Arbeitsschutzpraxis ergeben, auszubauen. Grundlage der Analyse sind leitfadenstrukturierte Interviews mit Akteuren aus 32 Betrieben, denen in ihrem Betrieb die Organisation und Umsetzung der Gefährdungsbeurteilung psychischer Belastung oblag. Bezugnehmend auf deren Erfahrungen lassen sich vier typische Herausforderungen unterscheiden: (1) die Entwicklung einer angemessenen Verfahrensweise zur Gefährdungsbeurteilung; (2) der Umgang mit den partikularen Problemsichten und Interessen der betrieblichen Stakeholder; (3) die wirksame Einbindung der Führungskräfte in die Umsetzung der Gefährdungsbeurteilung; (4) die Berücksichtigung von Aktivitäten zur Reduzierung psychosozialer Risiken, die im Betrieb jenseits der Strukturen betrieblichen Arbeitsschutzes realisiert werden. Analysiert wird zum einen, auf welche Probleme und Erfordernisse mit diesen Herausforderungen im Einzelnen verwiesen wird, und zum anderen, welche diesbezüglichen Lösungen von den Akteuren entwickelt und welche Schwierigkeiten dabei ggf. erlebt werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Organisation und Logik betrieblichen Arbeitsschutzhandelns im Umgang mit psychosozialen Risiken grundlegend verändert wird.
Arbeitsfähig bis ins Rentenalter
Authors: Reber Melanie , Jansen Anne
Published: June 2019

Aufgrund des demografischen Wandels sowie der technisch-ökonomischen und gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen hat das Thema „Active Aging“ im Kontext der Arbeit jüngst an Interesse gewonnen. Ziel ist, die Arbeitsfähigkeit älterer Mitarbeitenden zu fördern, um sie bis zur Pensionierung gesund, motiviert und leistungsfähig zu halten. Beschäftigte in Einfacharbeit standen dabei bisher nur selten im Fokus. Deshalb wird mittels Experteninterviews und Gruppendiskussionen mit betroffenen Beschäftigten in einem Fallunternehmen untersucht, wie die Faktoren zur Förderung der Arbeitsfähigkeit gestaltet werden können, um den spezifischen Herausforderungen von älteren Mitarbeitenden in Einfacharbeit in Produktionsunternehmen zu begegnen. Es zeigt sich, dass Interventionen zur Förderung der körperlichen Fitness in den Arbeitsalltag integriert und die Kompetenzentwicklung durch eine lernförderliche Gestaltung der Arbeitstätigkeit sichergestellt werden sollten. Potenzial wird auch bei der Unterstützung durch Führungskräfte und im sozialen Umfeld gesehen. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen werden Praxisempfehlungen und weiterführende Forschungsfragen diskutiert.
Arbeitszufriedenheit als soziales Problemlösen
Authors: Jochims Thorsten
Published: June 2019

Arbeitszufriedenheit ist wahrscheinlich das meistuntersuchte Phänomen in den Sozialwissenschaften. Dennoch überraschen immer wieder uneinheitliche Befunde in der Forschung. In gängigen Studien mangelt es häufig an einer klaren theoretischen Fundierung und an einer Festlegung, was unter Arbeitszufriedenheit zu verstehen ist. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird Arbeitszufriedenheit als Konstrukt definiert, das im Prozess des sozialen Problemlösens über den Aufbau von Ressourcen entsteht. Die Vermeidung von Unzufriedenheit als verhaltenslenkende Kraft rückt hierbei in den Vordergrund. Der Aufbau von Ressourcen im Arbeitsalltag wird mittels der Conservation-of-Resources-Theorie beschrieben und im weiteren Schritt empirisch näher untersucht. Als ein zentrales Ergebnis kann festgehalten werden, dass das Lösen von Problemen im sozialen Miteinander in der Organisation sich maßgeblich auf den Aufbau von Ressourcen und somit auf die Steigerung der Arbeitszufriedenheit auswirkt.
Effect of temperature on the fatigue behavior of asphalt binder
Authors: Kuchiishi André K. , Carvalho João Paulo B. , Bessa Iuri S. , Vasconcelos Kamilla L. , Bernucci Liedi L.B.
Published: June 2019

Asphalt pavement is under different climatic conditions throughout its service life, which means that fatigue cracking does not occur at a specific temperature, but at a temperature range. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the influence of different temperatures in the fatigue life of two asphalt binders: a non-modified binder (penetration grade 30/45) and a highly polymermodified binder (HPMB). The fatigue resistance characterization was performed by means of a linear amplitude sweep (LAS) test at the temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). From the dynamic shear modulus (|G*|) results, adhesion loss was observed between the binder and the rheometer parallel plate at the lower temperature of 10°C,while at higher temperatures (25 and 30°C) plastic flow was observed rather than fatigue damage. Therefore, considering that the actual test procedure does not specify the testing temperature, the evaluation of failure mechanism is essential to validate test results, because the random selection of test temperature might lead to inconsistent data.
The Role of Multiple Pollutants and Pollution Intensities in the Policy Reform of Taxes and Standards
Authors: Gautier Luis
Published: June 2019

Countries with varying degrees of pollution intensities, facing increasing global competition and addressing emissions from multiple pollutants may undertake policy reforms inconsistent with cooperative outcomes, where global welfare is higher. Among others, this is because of the incentives to set laxer policy to be more cost competitive. A number of welfare-enhancing and emissions-reducing policy reforms consistent with the cooperative equilibrium, but also consistent with addressing concerns about global competitiveness are derived. The analysis indicates that the nature of multiple pollutants and asymmetries in pollution intensities are key in the design of policy reform and characterization of optimal policy. With complementarity and asymmetry in pollution intensities, laxer taxation and stricter standards are consistent with welfare gains. Laxer taxation arises with large asymmetry in pollution intensities regardless of whether pollutants are complements/substitutes. The policy reform of standards requires both complementarity and asymmetry in pollution intensities. Results are reversed if pollutants are substitutes.
Internal Migration and Public Policy
Authors: Giuranno Michele G. , Biswas Rongili
Published: June 2019

This paper studies the relation between internal migration and public spending on public goods. We describe centralized public policy when a central government is comprised of elected representatives from local electoral districts. Internal migration determines the median voter in the districts. The median voters decide the equilibrium policy through bargaining. We find the conditions under which voters’ mobility results in larger or smaller public spending. Furthermore, the distance between the actual size and the efficient size of government spending depends on the way internal migration changes the distribution of income within and between districts.
The welfare effects of infrastructure investment in a heterogeneous agents economy
Authors: Gibson John , Rioja Felix
Published: June 2019

Public infrastructure is one of the foundations for the economic growth of a country. While there is a strong consensus regarding infrastructure’s effect on growth, less is known about the effect of infrastructure on welfare and the distribution of wealth. In this paper, we examine the quantitative effect of infrastructure investment on welfare and the degree of inequality present within a developing country. In so doing, we characterize the effects resulting from increased infrastructure investment by tracing out the entire transition path between steady states. Three results standout: (i) both average and individual welfare effects are sizable, regardless of how the additional investment is financed, (ii) when distortionary taxes are adjusted to finance additional investment, poorer agents benefit more when the interest income tax is used, while richer agents benefit more when either the consumption or labor income taxes are used, (iii) inequality, as measured by the wealth Gini, rises in the short-run, but the long-run effect depends on which financing method is chosen.
Biological evaluation of a series of benzothiazole derivatives as mosquitocidal agents
Authors: Sever Belgin , Altıntop Mehlika Dilek , Özdemir Ahmet , Tabanca Nurhayat , Estep Alden S. , Becnel James J. , Bloomquist Jeffrey R.
Published: June 2019

Aedes aegypti is associated with the transmission of numerous human and animal diseases, such as yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, and more recently Zika virus. Emerging insecticide resistance has created a need to develop new mosquitocidal agents for effective control operations. A series of benzothiazole-piperidine derivatives (1-24) were investigated for their larvicidal and adulticidal effects on Ae. aegypti It was observed that compounds 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11 and 13 showed notable larvicidal activity. Furthermore, compounds 6 and 10 showed promising adulticidal activity. Based on the mosquitocidal properties of these compounds, docking studies were also carried out in the active site of the AeSCP2 enzyme to explore any insights into further in vitro enzyme studies. Docking results indicated that all these active compounds showed reasonable interactions with critical residues in the active site of this enzyme. This outcome suggested that these compounds might show their larvicidal and adulticidal effects via the inhibition of AeSCP2. According to in vitro and in silico studies, compounds 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 and 13 stand out as candidates for further studies.
The Optimization and Production of Ginkgolide B Lipid Microemulsion
Authors: Wu Xiao , Wang Zhenpeng , Zhao Zhenwen , Chen Lei , Tao Fengyun , Zhang Qian , Zhou Tuo , Cui Junpu , Liu Meng , Huo Qing
Published: June 2019

In this study, we introduce a method to formulate Ginkgolide B lipid microemulsion (GB-LM). We have assessed its general characteristics and pharmacokinetics in animals. Soybean oil (10.0%) and oleic acid (2.4%) were chosen as the oil phase, refined egg yolk lecithin (PC98T) (1.8%) as the surfactant, and glycerol (2.25%) as the co-surfactant. The optimized formulation process resulted in particles with average diameter of 185.9 ± 52.5 nm and the zeta potential of −19.8 ± 1.3 mV. The GB-LM remained steady for three months at room temperature. Giving each dose of 4 mg/kg to rats through the vein, a clearance rate of CL (L/h): 2.594 and C max (ng/mL) was achieved: 353.8 through pharmacokinetic analysis and statistical analysis. The AUC of GB-LM was about 1.57-fold higher than that of the products available in the market. In addition, brain tissue distribution studies show that after 0.5 h administration of GB, the concentration of GB in brain tissue can reach its maximum, and then significantly decrease after 2 hours. Therefore, the improved formulation of GB-LM shows encouraging results compared with present products in several features.
Special IUPAC100
Authors: Tiggelen Brigitte Van
Published: June 2019

We embarked on the adventure of researching IUPAC’s history a few years ago, inspired by the looming IUPAC 100 anniversary in 2019 and the desire of the French National Committee to host that year’s Congress and General Assembly in Paris. The proposal to host the fiftieth IUPAC General Assembly and forty-seventh Congress in Paris was received and approved by IUPAC Council during its assembly in 2013. Soon after, Jean-Pierre Vairon, a member of the organizing committee of the IUPAC 2019 Congress, contacted Danielle Fauque, and together we started to think about special symposia devoted to the history of IUPAC. At the Congress in 2015 in Busan, Korea, the idea was met with enthusiasm and interest from Natalia Tarasova, then president of the Union, and the project of this special issue was formed with Fabienne Meyers, Chemistry International editor. We also met with Christopher Brett later that year to speak about this project.
1919-1939: The First Life of the Union
Authors: Fauque Danielle
Published: June 2019

In April 1919, delegates of five allied nations gathered in Paris, at the initiative of the Société de Chimie Industrielle (SCI-F) and the French Federation of Chemical Associations (FNAC) to decide on the creation of an interallied confederation for pure and applied chemistry. The delegates were following up on a proposal made by the Interallied Conference of Scientific Academies that had met in London and Paris in 1918. Each country was asked to create a national body in each discipline, and these entities would be united into a Union, at first an interallied then international union when the wounds of war healed. The whole structure was to be headed by an International Research Council (IRC) [1].
The International Research Council and Its Unions: 1919-1931
Authors: Fox Robert
Published: June 2019

IUPAC was a product of a restructuring of world science that took place immediately after the Great War. In a series of three conferences in London, Paris, and Brussels between October 1918 and July 1919, delegations from twelve allied nations established a new body, the International Research Council (IRC), that was to control international relations in science through subsidiary unions for the various scientific disciplines until a review of the statutes planned for 1931. Four of these unions were established at the Brussels conference, among them IUPAC.
IUPAC in Brussels in 1921: A Historical Photo
Authors: Homburg Ernst , Fauque Danielle , Morris Peter J. T. , Calascibetta Franco , Alvarez Santiago
Published: June 2019

During a search of photographs and documentation on the Belgian photographer Benjamin Couprie, who took the well-known pictures of the Solvay Conferences during the first half of the twentieth century, Santiago Alvarez [1] came across an image in “La Digithèque des Bibliothèques de l’Université Libre de Bruxelles” with the title “Réception de l’Union Internationale de Chimie Pure et Appliquée, photographie de groupe” (Figure 1) [2]. It is a high-resolution copy of a very sharp photograph of a group of 86 people. On the frame of that photo one can read two inscriptions noted in pencil above and below the photograph, respectively: “Union Internationale de la Chimie pure et appliquée,” and “Reception au chateau de La Hulpe le 29 Juin 1921.” Moreover, just under the photograph there are two inscriptions in smaller letters: “Bruxelles 1913,“ on the left, and the signature of “Benj. Couprie” on the right, both in the same handwriting. Two questions arise: (1) Which is the correct date for that photograph? (2) Who are the persons that appear in the photo?
Pioneers of Japanese Participation in IUPAC
Authors: Kikuchi Yoshiyuki
Published: June 2019

East Asia occupies a substantial position in IUPAC today. The incumbent president for 2018-2019, Qi-Feng Zhou, is from China/Beijing, and three out of ten elected members of the Bureau are from East Asia: Mei-Hung Chiu from China/Taipei, Kew-Ho Lee from Korea, and Ken Sakai from Japan. This region is thus well-represented in the IUPAC leadership. However, this is not how this now global institution looked in the past. Its first president from East Asia was Saburo Nagakura (b. 1920) from Japan who assumed this office from 1981-1982, more than 60 years after the IUPAC was established in 1919. He was followed by Jung-Il Jing from Korea (2008-2009), Kazuyuki Tatsumi (2012-2013) from Japan, and Zhou. In terms of national adhering organizations (NAOs), Japan was the first East Asian nation admitted to IUPAC in 1921, but we had to wait until the late 1970s for all other national chemical communities in East Asia to be officially admitted to the IUPAC: The Chemical Society Located in Taipei in 1959, the Korean Chemical Society in 1963, and the Chinese Chemical Society in 1979. East Asia’s position in the IUPAC is the outcome of a rather long historical process.
London 1947: A Caricature
Authors: Tiggelen Brigitte Van , Fauque Danielle , Meyers Fabienne
Published: June 2019

The caricature published in Chemistry and Industry, 2 August 1947, is Fred May’s impressions of the luncheon offered to the XIth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry at the May Fair Hotel, London, 18 July 1947 by the Society of Chemical Industry to distinguished chemists on the occasion of its centennial [1]. Fred May (1891-1976) was a caricaturist and painter, who sent his first cartoons from the front in 1917. May insists on the strenuous time the toastmaster had during the dinner that welcomed many prominent British and international figures in the chemical sciences and industry. Dr Leslie H. Lampitt, president of the SCI, chairman of the Congress and treasurer of IUPAC (1947-1957) “expressed that welcome in a very homely way” [1]. William Hulme Lever, 2nd Viscount Leverhulme (1888-1949), cofounder of Unilever, a past president of the SCI, acted as president of the Congress [2].
Ellen Gleditsch: Woman Chemist in IUPAC’s Early History
Authors: Lykknes Annette
Published: June 2019

In 1907, a 28-year-old Norwegian pharmacist-chemist arrived in Paris to work with Marie Curie at the Radium Institute. Like many women at the time, Ellen Gleditsch was attracted to the newly discovered phenomenon of radioactivity and wished take part in exciting scientific endeavour. Working with the Nobel Laureate Marie Curie was a unique opportunity for the ambitious young chemist, whose skills in mineral analyses led to her being accepted into the otherwise fully staffed laboratory. By all accounts, Ellen Gleditsch appears to have been one of the first women associated with IUPAC. In 1921 she was the Norwegian representative of the committee working on the Tables Annuelles de Constantes et Données Numériques de Chimie, de Physique et de Technologie [1], published under the auspices of IUPAC with the agreement of the International Research Council. In the following year she was a member of the Commission on Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry during its meeting in Lyon [2]. In 1947 Gleditsch became a full member of the Joint Commission of Standards and Units of Radioactivity, joining her friends Frédéric and Irène Joliot-Curie in this capacity, and all three continued to be members until the Commission’s dissolution in 1955 [3]. IUPAC was the mother union of this Joint Commission, and directly linked with International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU).
The First Russian President of IUPAC: Victor Kondratiev
Authors: Zaitseva-Baum Elena
Published: June 2019

Victor Nikolaevitch Kondratiev was elected a member of the Bureau, the Executive Committee and the Editorial Board of IUPAC at the beginning of the XXIst International Conference in Montreal, in August of 1961. He succeeded Boris A. Kazanski (1891-1973) who had resigned. At this time the Academy of Science of USSR was the national adhering body in IUPAC since 1930.
A History of CNIC
Authors: Leigh G. Jeffery
Published: June 2019

The systematic nomenclature of inorganic chemistry is much older than IUPAC itself, and so is the history of the Commission for the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (CNIC). The nomenclature developed as new chemistry originated and grew at the beginning of the 19th century, when the chemical community came to recognise the need for international agreement on the formalisms to be used, to enable practitioners from different countries to understand communications between them. In that period such communications were only written or printed. Since CNIC produced the first of its IUPAC Red Books on the nomenclature of inorganic chemistry in 1957, the Red Books themselves have been continuously rewritten and expanded as the science of chemistry has grown, and they represent a collaborative production, both in the number of people involved and the time-frame they occupy, which is possibly unique in modern science.
IUPAC and the Naming of Elements
Authors: Robinson Ann E.
Published: June 2019

It was once not uncommon for elements to have more than one name. Tungsten and wolfram. Columbium and niobium. Beryllium and glucinum. The multiple names were generally due to language differences, personal preference, and nationality. These different names were ultimately harmonized into a single set of names after World War II with the development of a standardized nomenclature for inorganic chemistry (IUPAC’s famous Red Book). At the same time, new elements ceased be to found in naturally-occurring substances. Rather, new elements began to be created in accelerators. The advent of synthesized elements raised new questions regarding the discovery of new elements. It also created a new set of challenges for their naming, one of the tasks of the old Commission on Nomenclature for Inorganic Chemistry (CNIC) of IUPAC. As we will see, to face these challenges the CNIC relied successively on the adjudication of the US National Research Council (US NRC) for the naming of promethium in 1948, and then on an ongoing partnership with the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP).
A Century of Nomenclature for Chemists and Machines
Authors: Hepler-Smith Evan , McEwen Leah
Published: June 2019

The chemist’s tongue is sticking out and his eyes are upturned in concentration. Spirals circle above his head; the chemist is confused. His body twisted into a knot, he slowly backpedals, one finger pointing straight up, the other pointing backwards. To his side, a chart displays a maze, or perhaps a diagram of a complex logic circuit, illustrating an arcane web of decisions and procedures. A dot sits at rest within the diagram, marking the stymied chemist’s progress through this maze. It is annotated with a comment: “You are here. Why?”
The mole and IUPAC: a brief history
Authors: Marquardt Roberto
Published: June 2019

The mole is the unit of amount of substance in the International System of Units (SI). The amount of substance of a system is a measure of the number of specified elementary entities defining that system. As a matter of fact, the mole is the sole unit currently in use for amount of substance.
The Historical Archives of IUPAC at the Science History Institute
Authors: Brashear Ronald
Published: June 2019

As IUPAC begins celebrating its centennial this year, it seems appropriate to remind everyone that the historical record of IUPAC is preserved in the archives of the Science History Institute’s Othmer Library. For the rich history of IUPAC to be told correctly and effectively, the archive is absolutely critical. And the existing archive speaks to the importance of the Institute’s desire to continue to build the collection, filling in gaps that currently exist and adding future materials so that we can craft an even better history when IUPAC celebrates in bicentennial in 2119.
Not an Epilogue, but a Commencement!
Authors: Tiggelen Brigitte Van
Published: June 2019

To many non-native, or non-American, English speakers, the word “commencement” sounds like a strange choice to designate the end of a university curriculum. But then, all speeches and celebration talks given on commencement day focus on the future, and what students must take away from the years leading to graduation in a world full of opportunities, challenges, and unknowns. The same applies to our work on the history of IUPAC. It was started in the wake of the IUPAC 100th anniversary, and it will be mentioned among other presentations during the IUPAC centenary celebrations, but for both IUPAC and the writing of its history, 2019 does not mark an end but a beginning, a step on a path full of challenges and opportunities.
Shell nouns as grammatical metaphor revealing disparate construals: Investigating the differences between British English and China English based on a comparable corpus
Authors: Dong Min , Fang Alex Chengyu
Published: June 2019

This article describes a study of shell nouns (SNs) complemented by appositive that-clauses observed in a two-million-word corpus of media English by British and Chinese writers. The grammatical metaphor theory was applied to the data in the light of a novel proposal that the metaphorical forms of SN+that constructions, in their contextual semantic settings, serve to re-construe various transitivity processes. The study produced significant findings, including: (1) the two writer groups demonstrate significantly different preferences for SN types but the British and the Chinese uses are instantiated from a common core set; (2) the Chinese group prefers the re-construal of Identifying Relational processes of facts and evidence as markers of neutral and impersonal discourse; (3) British writers favour the re-construal of Verbal processes of assertion and stance and tend to re-construe Attributive Relational processes with varying degrees of commitment to the encapsulated propositional truth; (4) both groups are inclined towards the re-construal of Mental processes of cognition with a common preference for the re-construal of the experience of knowing, believing and thinking. The findings above lend important empirical support to systemic functional theories and suggest further research in the future regarding SNs as indicators of disparate construals in discourse.
Lagrangian geometry of the Gauss images of isoparametric hypersurfaces in spheres
Authors: Miyaoka Reiko , Ohnita Yoshihiro
Published: June 2019

The Gauss images of isoparametric hypersufaces of the standard sphere Sn+1 provide a rich class of compact minimal Lagrangian submanifolds embedded in the complex hyperquadric Qn(ℂ). This is a survey article based on our joint work [17] to study the Hamiltonian non-displaceability and related properties of such Lagrangian submanifolds.
Computational modeling of pitting corrosion
Authors: Jafarzadeh Siavash , Chen Ziguang , Bobaru Florin
Published: June 2019

Pitting corrosion damage is a major problem affecting material strength and may result in difficult to predict catastrophic failure of metallic material systems and structures. Computational models have been developed to study and predict the evolution of pitting corrosion with the goal of, in conjunction with experiments, providing insight into pitting processes and their consequences in terms of material reliability. This paper presents a critical review of the computational models for pitting corrosion. Based on the anodic reaction (dissolution) kinetics at the corrosion front, transport kinetics of ions in the electrolyte inside the pits, and time evolution of the damage (pit growth), these models can be classified into two categories: (1) non-autonomous models that solve a classical transport equation and, separately, solve for the evolution of the pit boundary; and (2) autonomous models like cellular automata, peridynamics, and phase-field models which address the transport, dissolution, and autonomous pit growth in a unified framework. We compare these models with one another and comment on the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. We especially focus on peridynamic and phase-filed models of pitting corrosion. We conclude the paper with a discussion of open areas for future developments.
Sharp one-sided curvature estimates for fully nonlinear curvature flows and applications to ancient solutions
Authors: Langford Mat , Lynch Stephen
Published: June 2019

We prove several sharp one-sided pinching estimates for immersed and embedded hypersurfaces evolving by various fully nonlinear, one-homogeneous curvature flows by the method of Stampacchia iteration. These include sharp estimates for the largest principal curvature and the inscribed curvature (“cylindrical estimates”) for flows by concave speeds and a sharp estimate for the exscribed curvature for flows by convex speeds.
Making use of a recent idea of Huisken and Sinestrari, we then obtain corresponding estimates for ancient solutions. In particular, this leads to various characterisations of the shrinking sphere amongst ancient solutions of these flows.
Convergence to the local time of Brownian meander
Authors: Afanasyev Valeriy. I.
Published: June 2019

Let {Sn, n ≥ 0} be integer-valued random walk with zero drift and variance σ2. Let ξ(k, n) be number of t ∈ {1, …, n} such that S(t) = k. For the sequence of random processes
$\begin{array}{}
\xi(\lfloor u\sigma \sqrt{n}\rfloor,n)
\end{array}$ considered under conditions S1 > 0, …, Sn > 0 a functional limit theorem on the convergence to the local time of Brownian meander is proved.
Existence of words over a binary alphabet free from squares with mismatches
Authors: Kotlyarov Nikita V.
Published: June 2019

The paper is concerned with the problem of existence of periodic structures in words from formal languages. Squares (that is, fragments of the form xx, where x is an arbitrary word) and Δ-squares (that is, fragments of the form xy, where a word x differs from a word y by at most Δ letters) are considered as periodic structures. We show that in a binary alphabet there exist arbitrarily long words free from Δ-squares with length at most 4Δ+4. In particular, a method of construction of such words for any Δ is given.
Centrally essential rings
Authors: Markov Viktor T. , Tuganbaev Askar A.
Published: June 2019

A centrally essential ring is a ring which is an essential extension of its center (we consider the ring as a module over its center). We give several examples of noncommutative centrally essential rings and describe some properties of centrally essential rings.
Improved asymptotic estimates for the numbers of correlation-immune and k-resilient vectorial Boolean functions
Authors: Pankov Konstantin N.
Published: June 2019

We refine local limit theorems for the distribution of a part of the weight vector of subfunctions and for the distribution of a part of the vector of spectral coefficients of linear combinations of coordinate functions of a random binary mapping. These theorems are used to derive improved asymptotic estimates for the numbers of correlation-immune and k-resilient vectorial Boolean functions.