bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coordinated planning of the distribution system and regional energy network in the presence of responsive loads
Authors: Dehghani Sanij Mohammad , Mirzaei Ahmad , Anvari‐Moghaddam Amjad
Published: July 2023

Reducing loss and providing a secure power supply for customers have always been the main goal of distribution systems planners. Recently, the development of competitive electricity markets and responsive loads participation in such markets together with the integration of regional energy networks (RENs) have resulted in creating some challenges for RENs' owners to increase operating efficiency, and reduce investment costs. In this paper, to overcome these problems, a new modeling for coordinated planning of distribution networks and RENs in the presence of responsive loads is proposed and to achieve the optimal solution of the problem, the genetic algorithm is used. Operation uncertainties due to the installation of wind turbines and photovoltaic resources in RENs are considered. The probability‐tree method is used to generate and model operation scenarios and their variable production, respectively. To validate and confirm the efficiency of the proposed model, numerical studies were applied on a 25‐bus Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers standard distribution network, including two RENs equipped with responsive loads. The results show the fact that the flexibility of the demand side in the electrical sector due to the activity of responsive loads causes to increase in the installation capacity of energy resources and storages.
Children's Oncology Group 2023 blueprint: Nursing discipline
Authors: Zupanec Sue , Herriage Teresa , Landier Wendy ,   the COG Nursing Discipline
Published: July 2023

In contrast to other Children's Oncology Group (COG) committees, the COG nursing discipline is unique in that it provides the infrastructure necessary for nurses to support COG clinical trials and implements a research agenda aimed at scientific discovery. This hybrid focus of the discipline reflects the varied roles and expertise within pediatric oncology clinical trials nursing that encompass clinical care, leadership, and research. Nurses are broadly represented across COG disease, domain, and administrative committees, and are assigned to all clinically focused protocols. Equally important is the provision of clinical trials‐specific education and training for nurses caring for patients on COG trials. Nurses involved in the discipline's evidence‐based practice initiative have published a wide array of systematic reviews on topics of clinical importance to the discipline. Nurses also develop and lead research studies within COG, including stand‐alone studies and aims embedded in disease/ treatment trials. Additionally, the nursing discipline is charged with responsibility for developing patient/family educational resources within COG. Looking to the future, the nursing discipline will continue to support COG clinical trials through a multifaceted approach, with a particular focus on patient‐reported outcomes and health equity/disparities, and development of interventions to better understand and address illness‐related distress in children with cancer.
Curcumin inhibits esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression through down‐regulating the circNRIP1/miR‐532‐3p/AKT pathway
Authors: Luo Tianxia , Guan Hongya , Liu Jia , Wang Jiang , Zhang Yueli
Published: July 2023

Curcumin shows an anti‐cancer role in many kinds of tumors. However, the mechanism of its anti‐tumor function in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains largely unknown. Herein, we explored the therapeutic potential of curcumin for esophageal cancer. Curcumin could time‐ and dose‐dependently inhibit ESCC cells activity. Additionally, ESCC cells exposed to 20 μM of curcumin exhibited significantly decreased proliferative and invasive capacities, as well as enhanced cell apoptosis. ESCC tissues and cells exhibited significantly increased circNRIP1 expression when compared to their counterparts. circNRIP1 knockdown markedly impaired cell proliferation, clone formation, cell migration and invasion but promoted apoptosis. Exposure to 10–20 μM of curcumin inhibited circNRIP1 expression, however, overexpression of circNRIP1 could significantly restored the biological characteristics that were inhibited by curcumin exposure in vivo and in vitro. circNRIP1 promoted the malignancy of ESCC by combining miR‐532‐3p, and downstream AKT3. Curcumin inhibited AKT phosphorylation by up‐regulating miR‐532‐3p expression, thereby inhibiting the activation of the AKT pathway. In summary, curcumin is a potent inhibitor of ESCC growth, which can be achieved through the regulation of the circNRIP1/miR‐532‐3p/AKT pathway. This research may provide new mechanisms for curcumin to inhibit the malignant development of ESCC.
The Quality in 3D Acquisition of Cultural Heritage Assets: Challenges and Risks
Authors: Chatzistamatis Stamatis , E.Tsekouras George , Anagnostopoulos Christos-Nikolaos
Published: July 2023

Cultural heritage is an integral part of history and in order to better preserve, manage and highlight our cultural heritage it is necessary to first proceed to digitize and document it. Geometric documentation of a cultural heritage asset is the process of collecting, processing, rendering, and recording data to determine the location and actual form, shape, and size of a monument in three-dimensional space at a given time. This chapter presents the modern methods and technologies for the 3D acquisition of cultural heritage assets and discusses the related challenges and risks. Moreover, we are presenting the possible quality aspects observed in the fieldwork that arise from the equipment, the environmental conditions that prevail during the surveying, the object itself, the personnel expertise and the stakeholder conditions.
How to Measure Quality Models? Digitization into Informative Models Re-use
Authors: Brumana R.
Published: July 2023

3D models from passive muted subjects, often used in the books and in preservation design reports as powerful images dense of contents, have nowadays the opportunity to become 'live gears’ leveraging knowledge, interpretation, and management into preservation objectives till to better-informed fruition. To this aim, we need to build up reliable and re-usable 3D Quality models. How to shift from a 3D model toward a 3D quality model?

This contribution intends to focus on the parameters defining a 3D Quality model catching the heritage complexity with its components in a holistic methodological and practical vision. A radar chart has been used to manage all the parameters. First of all, Geometry describes a quality model: parameters for data acquisition, on-site surveying, and model processing to obtain 2D-3D Geometry quality are defined. The concept of scale associated with measurable parameters defining the Grade of Accuracy is proposed and applied to the surveying and to the 3D models. 3D models can be considered tools to decode the complexity of cultural heritage made by the different transformations across the centuries, anthropic-natural hazards, climate change threats and events (such as earthquakes, fires, wars). Thus, Geometry is not enough to describe such complexity; it represents the first step. Materials and Construction technologies analysis is the second pillar qualifying a quality model. The connection with the indirect data source (i.e., historical reports and archives documents), is the third pillar to be reconnected to the Geometry and Material analysis in the quality definition. HBIM represents a multidisciplinary environment to convey the information related to geometry and models. Furtherly, several parameters are identified to describe the quality of informative models, as in the case of Object Libraries and Building archeology progressively feeding such models. BIM Level of Developments (phases) and Level of Geometry (contents, not scale!) have been adapted to the HBIM, introducing digitization, surveying, and HBIM modeling into the preservation process. Finally, a quality model is defined by the capability to be re-used circulating Information and Models among the end-users as in the case of informed VR/AR through CDE and XR platforms.
UV-polymerizable methacrylated gelatin (GelMA)-based hydrogel containing tannic acids for wound healing
Authors: do Nascimento Marismar F. , de Oliveira Clauberto R. , Cardoso Juliana C. , Bordignon Natalia C. T. , Gondak Rogério , Severino Patrícia , Souto Eliana B. , de Albuquerque Júnior Ricardo L. C.
Published: July 2023

Gelatin-based photopolymerizable methacrylate hydrogel (GelMA) is a promising biomaterial for in situ drug delivery, while aqueous extract of Punica granatum (AEPG) peel fruit rich in gallic acid and ellagic acid is used to improve wound healing. The aim of this study was to develop and analyze the healing properties of GelMA containing AEPG, gallic acid, or ellagic acid in a rodent model. GelMA hydrogels containing 5% AEPG (GelMA-PG), 1.6% gallic acid (GelMA-GA), or 2.1% ellagic acid (GelMA-EA) were produced and their mechanical properties, enzymatic degradation, and thermogravimetric profile determined. Wound closure rates, healing histological grading, and immunohistochemical counts of myofibroblasts were assessed over time. The swelling of hydrogels varied between 50 and 90%, and GelMA exhibited a higher swelling than the other groups. The GPG samples showed higher compression and Young’s moduli than GelMA, GGA, and GAE. All samples degraded around 95% in 48 h. GPG and GGA significantly accelerated wound closure, improved collagenization, increased histological grading, and hastened myofibroblast differentiation in comparison to the control, GelMA, and GEA. GelMA containing AEPG (GPG) improved wound healing, and although gallic acid is the major responsible for such biological activity, a potential synergic effect played by other polyphenols present in the extract is evident.

Graphical Abstract
Impact of migration on diabetes burden: audit in the metropolitan area of Bologna, Italy
Authors: Marchesini G. , Gibertoni D. , Giansante C. , Perlangeli V. , Grilli R. , Scudeller L. , Descovich C. , Pandolfi P.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To investigate the impact of diabetes in immigrants on the Italian healthcare system, as well as their compliance with standard protocols of control and treatment.

Methods

The prevalence of immigrants with diabetes living in the metropolitan area of Bologna (about 1 million inhabitants) in 2019 was investigated using a database containing all subjects in active follow-up for diabetes, based on antidiabetic drug use, disease-specific copayment exemption, ICD-9 codes, continuous care in diabetes units. Country of origin was derived from fiscal code.

Results

The overall prevalence of diabetes (n = 53,941; 51.8% males, median age 64) was 6.1% in both Italy-born and immigrant cohorts. Immigrant prevalence was 12.4%, moderately higher than that observed in the total population (12.2%). Diabetes risk was increased in the whole immigrant cohort (odds ratio (OR) 1.74; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.69–1.79). Among cases with incident diabetes, the proportion of immigrants (median age, 49 vs. 65 in Italy-born individuals) increased progressively from 11.7% to 26.5% from 2011 to 2019 (males, 8.9–21.0%; females, 14.9–32.8%) in all age groups, particularly in young adults, but also in older subjects. Metabolic control was lower in immigrants, as was adherence to shared diagnostic and therapeutic protocols, without systematic differences in antidiabetic drug use, but much lower use of drugs for comorbid conditions.

Conclusions

The population with diabetes in the metropolitan area of Bologna is rapidly changing. Quality improvement initiatives are needed to reduce the burden for the universalistic Italian health care system generated by the rapidly-growing high-risk immigrant population.
Density-Dependent Pore Water Pressure Evolution in a Simplified Cyclic Shear Test
Authors: Baćić Božana , Herle Ivo
Published: July 2023

When specimens of different sands are produced using the same preparation method and sheared under the same conditions (consolidation stress, loading, etc.), while simultaneously keeping the drainage closed, the resulting tendencies of these sands regarding the PWP build-up will be different. This research paper presents a simplified cyclic shear test, which is used to evaluate the accumulation of PWP in sands under defined specimen preparation procedure and testing conditions. In the proposed experiment, a comparison of different sands with this respect is easily achieved. The principle of this experimental method is based on the evolution of the PWP during cyclic shearing of a water-saturated sand sample. Undrained conditions during the experiment allow for the evolution of the PWP, which is quantified by the rate of the PWP build-up. The duration of a single cyclic shear test, including specimen preparation, is approximately 30 min. The evaluation of the rate of the PWP build-up for different densities resulted in an exponential dependence of the PWP build-up on the variation of the relative density. The results confirmed a higher generation of PWP in a fine sand compared to a coarse sand. A comparison with the results of undrained cyclic triaxial tests in the case of eight different sands demonstrated a good agreement between both experimental methods. The basis for the comparison was the density-dependent evolution of PWP in these methods. The presented method delivers a value (index) that quantifies the PWP build-up in sands under the defined testing conditions.
The influence of substituting dietary peptide-bound with free amino acids on nitrogen metabolism and acid–base balance of broiler chickens depends on asparagine and glutamine supply
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmad , Kenéz Ákos , Rodehutscord Markus , Siegert Wolfgang
Published: July 2023

Reducing dietary crude protein (CP) concentration while maintaining adequate amino acid (AA) supply by free AA inclusion can contribute to attenuate the negative environmental effects of animal farming. This study investigated upper limits of dietary free AA inclusions without undesirable effects including the dependence on asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln) supply. Ten broilers were allocated to sixty-three metabolism units each and offered nine experimental diets from day (d) 7–21 (n 7). One diet (167 g CP/kg) contained 80 g soya protein isolate (SPI)/kg. In the other diets, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % of the digestible AA from SPI were substituted with free AA. Digestible Asn+aspartic acid (Asp) and Gln+glutamic acid (Glu) were substituted with Asp/Glu or 50/50 mixes of Asp/Asn and Glu/Gln, respectively. Total excreta were collected from d 11–14 and from d 18–21. Growth and nitrogen accretion were unaffected by 25 and 50 % substitution without and with free Asn/Gln, respectively, but decreased at higher substitution (P ≤ 0·024). Circulating concentrations of Asp, Glu and Gln were unaffected by treatment, while Asn decreased at substitution higher than 50 % when Asn/Gln were not provided (P ≤ 0·005). Blood gas analysis on d 21 indicated a compensated metabolic acidosis at substitution higher than 50 and 75 % without and with free Asn/Gln, respectively (P ≤ 0·017). Results suggest that adding Asn/Gln increased an upper limit for proportion of dietary free AA from 10 to 19 % of dietary CP and enabled higher free AA inclusion without affecting the acid–base balance.
Redefining attrition in multiple myeloma (MM): a Canadian Myeloma Research Group (CMRG) analysis
Authors: McCurdy Arleigh , Mian Hira , LeBlanc Richard , Jimenez-Zepeda Victor H. , Su Jiandong , Masih-Khan Esther , Visram Alissa , Louzada Martha , Song Kevin , White Darrell , Sebag Michael , Stakiw Julie , Reiman Anthony , Aslam Muhammad , Bergstrom Debra , Kotb Rami , Kaedbey Rayan , Gul Engin , Reece Donna , Venner Christopher P.
Published: July 2023

While most patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) receive initial therapy, reported attrition rates are high. Understanding attrition rates and characteristics of patients not receiving subsequent therapy is useful for MM stakeholders. We performed an analysis of attrition rates in a large disease-specific database of patients with newly diagnosed MM who received at least one line of therapy between Jan 1/10-Dec 31/20. Attrition was defined as failure to receive a subsequent line of therapy despite progression of MM or due to death. A total of 5548 patients were identified, 3111 autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) patients and 2437 non-ASCT. In the ASCT cohort, the attrition rate was 7% after line 1, 12% after line 2, and 23% after line 3. In non-ASCT patients, the attrition rate was 19% after line 1, 26% after line 2, and 40% after line 3. Death was the dominant contributor to attrition across all cohorts, with a minority of patients alive with progressive disease in the absence of further therapy at each line. Multivariable analysis identified older age, shorter time to progression, and inferior response as independent risk factors for attrition. Our data show that attrition rates increase with each line of therapy and are higher in non-ASCT patients but are appreciably lower than previously reported. This study supports a revision of the previous definition of attrition, demonstrating that most patients who do not receive subsequent therapy are either continuing their current therapy and/or are in remission off-treatment rather than being irreversibly lost to attrition.
Local colonisations and extinctions of European birds are poorly explained by changes in climate suitability
Authors: Howard Christine , Marjakangas Emma-Liina , Morán-Ordóñez Alejandra , Milanesi Pietro , Abuladze Aleksandre , Aghababyan Karen , Ajder Vitalie , Arkumarev Volen , Balmer Dawn E. , Bauer Hans-Günther , Beale Colin M. , Bino Taulant , Boyla Kerem Ali , Burfield Ian J. , Burke Brian , Caffrey Brian , Chodkiewicz Tomasz , Del Moral Juan Carlos , Mazal Vlatka Dumbovic , Fernández Néstor , Fornasari Lorenzo , Gerlach Bettina , Godinho Carlos , Herrando Sergi , Ieronymidou Christina , Johnston Alison , Jovicevic Mihailo , Kalyakin Mikhail , Keller Verena , Knaus Peter , Kotrošan Dražen , Kuzmenko Tatiana , Leitão Domingos , Lindström Åke , Maxhuni Qenan , Mihelič Tomaž , Mikuska Tibor , Molina Blas , Nagy Károly , Noble David , Øien Ingar Jostein , Paquet Jean-Yves , Pladevall Clara , Portolou Danae , Radišić Dimitrije , Rajkov Saša , Rajković Draženko Z. , Raudonikis Liutauras , Sattler Thomas , Saveljić Darko , Shimmings Paul , Sjenicic Jovica , Šťastný Karel , Stoychev Stoycho , Strus Iurii , Sudfeldt Christoph , Sultanov Elchin , Szép Tibor , Teufelbauer Norbert , Uzunova Danka , van Turnhout Chris A. M. , Velevski Metodija , Vikstrøm Thomas , Vintchevski Alexandre , Voltzit Olga , Voříšek Petr , Wilk Tomasz , Zurell Damaris , Brotons Lluís , Lehikoinen Aleksi , Willis Stephen G.
Published: July 2023

Climate change has been associated with both latitudinal and elevational shifts in species’ ranges. The extent, however, to which climate change has driven recent range shifts alongside other putative drivers remains uncertain. Here, we use the changing distributions of 378 European breeding bird species over 30 years to explore the putative drivers of recent range dynamics, considering the effects of climate, land cover, other environmental variables, and species’ traits on the probability of local colonisation and extinction. On average, species shifted their ranges by 2.4 km/year. These shifts, however, were significantly different from expectations due to changing climate and land cover. We found that local colonisation and extinction events were influenced primarily by initial climate conditions and by species’ range traits. By contrast, changes in climate suitability over the period were less important. This highlights the limitations of using only climate and land cover when projecting future changes in species’ ranges and emphasises the need for integrative, multi-predictor approaches for more robust forecasting.
Order–disorder and ionic conductivity in calcium nitride-hydride
Authors: Irvine G. J. , Smith Ronald I. , Jones M. O. , Irvine J. T. S.
Published: July 2023

Recently nitrogen-hydrogen compounds have successfully been applied as co-catalysts for mild conditions ammonia synthesis. Ca2NH was shown to act as a H2 sink during reaction, with H atoms from its lattice being incorporated into the NH3(g) product. Thus the ionic transport and diffusion properties of the N–H co-catalyst are fundamentally important to understanding and developing such syntheses. Here we show hydride ion conduction in these materials. Two distinct calcium nitride-hydride Ca2NH phases, prepared via different synthetic paths are found to show dramatically different properties. One phase (β) shows fast hydride ionic conduction properties (0.08 S/cm at 600 °C), on a par with the best binary ionic hydrides and 10 times higher than CaH2, whilst the other (α) is 100 times less conductive. An in situ combined analysis techniques reveals that the effective β-phase conducts ions via a vacancy-mediated phenomenon in which the charge carrier concentration is dependent on the ion concentration in the secondary site and by extension the vacancy concentration in the main site.
Structures of channelrhodopsin paralogs in peptidiscs explain their contrasting K+ and Na+ selectivities
Authors: Morizumi Takefumi , Kim Kyumhyuk , Li Hai , Govorunova Elena G. , Sineshchekov Oleg A. , Wang Yumei , Zheng Lei , Bertalan Éva , Bondar Ana-Nicoleta , Askari Azam , Brown Leonid S. , Spudich John L. , Ernst Oliver P.
Published: July 2023

Kalium channelrhodopsin 1 from Hyphochytrium catenoides (HcKCR1) is a light-gated channel used for optogenetic silencing of mammalian neurons. It selects K+ over Na+ in the absence of the canonical tetrameric K+ selectivity filter found universally in voltage- and ligand-gated channels. The genome of H. catenoides also encodes a highly homologous cation channelrhodopsin (HcCCR), a Na+ channel with >100-fold larger Na+ to K+ permeability ratio. Here, we use cryo-electron microscopy to determine atomic structures of these two channels embedded in peptidiscs to elucidate structural foundations of their dramatically different cation selectivity. Together with structure-guided mutagenesis, we show that K+ versus Na+ selectivity is determined at two distinct sites on the putative ion conduction pathway: in a patch of critical residues in the intracellular segment (Leu69/Phe69, Ile73/Ser73 and Asp116) and within a cluster of aromatic residues in the extracellular segment (primarily, Trp102 and Tyr222). The two filters are on the opposite sides of the photoactive site involved in channel gating.
Contribution of prioritized urban nature-based solutions allocation to carbon neutrality
Authors: Pan Haozhi , Page Jessica , Shi Rui , Cong Cong , Cai Zipan , Barthel Stephan , Thollander Patrik , Colding Johan , Kalantari Zahra
Published: July 2023

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are essential for carbon-neutral cities, yet how to effectively allocate them remains a question. Carbon neutrality requires city-led climate action plans that incorporate both indirect and direct contributions of NBS. Here we assessed the carbon emissions mitigation potential of NBS in European cities, focusing particularly on commonly overlooked indirect pathways, for example, human behavioural interventions and resource savings. Assuming maximum theoretical implementation, NBS in the residential, transport and industrial sectors could reduce urban carbon emissions by up to 25%. Spatially prioritizing different types of NBS in 54 major European Union cities could reduce anthropogenic carbon emissions by on average 17.4%. Coupling NBS with other existing measures in Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios could reduce total carbon emissions by 57.3% in 2030, with both indirect pathways and sequestration. Our results indicate that carbon neutrality will be near for some pioneering cities by 2030, while three can achieve it completely.
Elastic modulus data for additively and conventionally manufactured variants of Ti-6Al-4V, IN718 and AISI 316 L
Authors: Rehmer Birgit , Bayram Faruk , Ávila Calderón Luis Alexander , Mohr Gunther , Skrotzki Birgit
Published: July 2023

This article reports temperature-dependent elastic properties (Young’s modulus, shear modulus) of three alloys measured by the dynamic resonance method. The alloys Ti-6Al-4V, Inconel IN718, and AISI 316 L were each investigated in a variant produced by an additive manufacturing processing route and by a conventional manufacturing processing route. The datasets include information on processing routes and parameters, heat treatments, grain size, specimen dimensions, and weight, as well as Young’s and shear modulus along with their measurement uncertainty. The process routes and methods are described in detail. The datasets were generated in an accredited testing lab, audited as BAM reference data, and are hosted in the open data repository Zenodo. Possible data usages include the verification of the correctness of the test setup via Young’s modulus comparison in low-cycle fatigue (LCF) or thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) testing campaigns, the design auf VHCF specimens and the use as input data for simulation purposes.
Balancing the phosphorescence and fluorescence of a double-ring porphyrin using different lanthanides for ratiometric oxygen sensing
Authors: Zhao Huimin , Wang Qingqing , Wang Shumin , Yin Junyue , Wang Huibin , Shao Wenhao , Yao Zixin , Yao Jianting , Zang Lixin
Published: July 2023

A new mixed-lanthanide porphyrin complex with balanced phosphorescence and fluorescence was engineered for O2 detection. Characterization revealed the photophysical mechanism of the unique dual luminescence properties.
Harnessing the unusually strong improvement of thermoelectric performance of AgInTe2 with nanostructuring
Authors: Plata Jose J. , Blancas Ernesto J. , Márquez Antonio M. , Posligua Victor , Fdez Sanz Javier , Grau-Crespo Ricardo
Published: July 2023

Nanostructuring is a well-established approach to improve the thermoelectric behavior of materials.
Understanding the electronic structure of Y2Ti2O5S2 for green hydrogen production: a hybrid-DFT and GW study
Authors: Brlec Katarina , Savory Christopher N. , Scanlon David O.
Published: July 2023

Combined hybDFT and GW study reveals surface properties and optoelectronic behaviour of Y2Ti2O5S2 for green hydrogen production.
SbSeI and SbSeBr micro-columnar solar cells by a novel high pressure-based synthesis process
Authors: Caño Ivan , Navarro-Güell Alejandro , Maggi Edoardo , Barrio Maria , Tamarit Josep-Lluís , Svatek Simon , Antolín Elisa , Yan Shunya , Barrena Esther , Galiana Beatriz , Placidi Marcel , Puigdollers Joaquim , Saucedo Edgardo
Published: July 2023

SbSeX (X = I, Br) chalcohalides constitute a new family of earth-abundant wide-bandgap materials suitable for PV applications. Development of a new versatile and scalable synthesis methodology based on high pressure annealing.
Solid-state synthesis of Pt/C cathode catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells
Authors: Roul Basanta , Gorle Demudu Babu , Raj Gokul , Kumar Kanhai , Kumari Malti , Nanda K. K. , Krupanidhi S. B.
Published: July 2023

In this study, we have used a facile and high-yield solid-state synthesis process to synthesize a highly dispersed and efficient Pt/C cathode catalyst for direct methanol fuel cell applications.
Ethical Issues in Neurotrauma: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Khizar Ahtesham , Ghafoor Abdul , Elahi Inaam
Published: July 2023

Neurotrauma is a medical field that deals with the treatment and prevention of serious injuries to the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves. It presents complex ethical issues that require careful consideration and balance between individual autonomy, public health, patient preferences, and clinical outcomes. In this review, we examine several ethical dilemmas in neurotrauma, including the prevention of traumatic events, obtaining informed consent and respecting patient preferences in situations of impaired cognition and communication, determining the appropriate use of life-saving interventions, and communicating with patients and families about prognosis and outcomes. Our analysis highlights the need for a nuanced and evidence-based approach that takes into account the unique circumstances of each patient and balances the potential benefits and risks of various interventions.
Tomographic measurements of temperature and species concentration via deep learning and wavelength modulated absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Fu Pengfei , Hou Lingyun
Published: July 2023

To achieve the 2-D nonintrusive measurements of temperature and species concentration in the combustion field, a new framework, combining calibration-free wavelength modulation absorption spectroscopy (CF-WMS) with a designed convolutional neural network (CNN), was developed. The principle of the CF-WMS, along with the architecture of the CNN net, the training, and the performance of the network, has been investigated. The region of interest was discretized into 24 × 24 pixels2, and 48 probing beams with six targeted frequencies were used to verify the feasibility of the designed CNN with WMS 2f/1f signal for temperature and species concentration reconstruction. 20 000 samples of temperature and water vapor concentration distributions are randomly fabricated, featuring three randomly positioned Gaussian distributions. Reconstructed images of the phantoms agreed well with the original distributions with the relative error of about 5.0%–9.2% and 8.0%–12.4% using 17 000 training datasets with different beam arrangements for temperature and H2O species, respectively. Several representative beam arrangements with a limited number have been examined and compared. The beam arrangement BA2 and BA3 exhibited better performance than BA1 with average errors of about 5% and 8% for temperature and H2O species, respectively. Such a method can provide an effective way to achieve spatially and temporally resolved, real-time, in situ monitoring in practical combustion environments.
Unveiling magnetism in individual CuCrP2S6 flakes by magnetic proximity effect
Authors: Tang Wei , Zhao Duo , Weng Xiaoliang , Wu Kewen , Yang Zhi , Kang Chenxu , Sun Yuting , Jiang Wei-Chao , Liang Huawei , Wang Chao , Zeng Yu-Jia
Published: July 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) multiferroic CuCrP2S6 shows great potential in nonvolatile devices, in which its possible magnetoelectric coupling also allows for spin manipulation using multiple degrees-of-freedom. However, local measurements on individual 2D CuCrP2S6 remain limited mainly due to its insulating nature at low temperature. Here, we report the experimental observation of anomalous Hall effect in the CuCrP2S6/few-layer graphene bilayer structures taking advantage of magnetic proximity effect. We find that the saturation field of anomalous Hall effect is significantly smaller than that of bulk CuCrP2S6, which is believed to result from the charge transfer between CuCrP2S6 and few-layer graphene. Density functional theory calculation further reveals that the coupling between CuCrP2S6 and few-layer graphene results in the exchange splitting in graphene. Our work not only sheds light on the magnetism of individual 2D CuCrP2S6 but also paves the way toward emerging 2D heterostructures for novel magnetoelectric coupling.
Fibrous wearable and implantable bioelectronics
Authors: Sadri Behnam , Gao Wei
Published: July 2023

Fibrous wearable and implantable devices have emerged as a promising technology, offering a range of new solutions for minimally invasive monitoring of human health. Compared to traditional biomedical devices, fibers offer a possibility for a modular design compatible with large-scale manufacturing and a plethora of advantages including mechanical compliance, breathability, and biocompatibility. The new generation of fibrous biomedical devices can revolutionize easy-to-use and accessible health monitoring systems by serving as building blocks for most common wearables such as fabrics and clothes. Despite significant progress in the fabrication, materials, and application of fibrous biomedical devices, there is still a notable absence of a comprehensive and systematic review on the subject. This review paper provides an overview of recent advancements in the development of fibrous wearable and implantable electronics. We categorized these advancements into three main areas: manufacturing processes, platforms, and applications, outlining their respective merits and limitations. The paper concludes by discussing the outlook and challenges that lie ahead for fiber bioelectronics, providing a holistic view of its current stage of development.
An entropy dichotomy for singular star flows
Authors: Pacifico Maria , Yang Fan , Yang Jiagang
Published: July 2023

We show that non-trivial chain recurrent classes for generic

C
1

C^1

star flows satisfy a dichotomy: either they have zero topological entropy, or they must be isolated. Moreover, chain recurrent classes for generic star flows with zero entropy must be sectional hyperbolic, and cannot be detected by any non-trivial ergodic invariant probability measure. As a result, we show that

C
1

C^1

generic star flows have only finitely many Lyapunov stable chain recurrent classes.
Limited Utility of Free Triiodothyronine Testing
Authors: Lin Yanchun , Riek Amy E , Gronowski Ann M , Farnsworth Christopher W
Published: July 2023

Background

Free triiodothyronine (fT3) testing is most useful when thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is suppressed, and free thyroxine (fT4) is normal or decreased. These laboratory values in a symptomatic patient are referred to as T3 thyrotoxicosis. Standards for fT3 reflex testing have not been established. Herein, we examined the clinical utility of fT3 with the goal of identifying a TSH cutoff in the context of normal/decreased fT4 that maximizes the utility of measuring fT3.

Methods

TSH, fT4, and fT3 results between January 2016 and October 2021 were extracted from the laboratory information system and grouped if resulted on the same day for the same patient. Frequency of biochemical T3 thyrotoxicosis was evaluated at different TSH cutoffs and in outpatient vs inpatient settings.

Results

Of the 4366 TSH-fT4-fT3 results, 70 (1.6%) were consistent with biochemical T3 thyrotoxicosis. The common reasons were previously diagnosed hyperthyroidism on antithyroid medication (n = 28) or hypothyroidism on thyroid medication (n = 18) and newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism (n = 20, 0.5%). The likelihood of detecting T3 thyrotoxicosis increased with lower TSH cutoff (<0.3 μIU/mL, 10.3% vs <0.0 1μIU/mL, 27.6%). All patients with newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism had TSH <0.01 μIU/mL. Higher frequency of T3 thyrotoxicosis was observed in the outpatient setting (34%) relative to the inpatient setting (14%, P < 0.001) when TSH < 0.01 μIU/mL.

Conclusions

T3 thyrotoxicosis is a relatively rare diagnosis and fT3 measurement has limited utility in the vast majority of patients. A fT3 reflex for patients with TSH <0.01 μIU/mL and normal/low fT4 may improve clinical utility and reduce unnecessary testing, especially in the outpatient setting.
Effective diagnosis and surgical management of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the eyelid
Authors: Buset T , Vaudoisey L , De Saint Aubain N , Javadian R , Vanden Eynden X , Valyi Z , Dequanter D
Published: July 2023

Primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the eyelid is an aggressive and rare neoplasm. It generally develops from the eccrine sweat gland and diffuses to the dermis and subcutis of the eyelid or axillae. The lesion usually presents as a progressive, diffuse and painless swelling of the eyelid with or without erythema and is frequently misdiagnosed as a chalazion or a chronic blepharoconjunctivitis leading to delayed management. The histology typically shows a signet ring cell or histiocytoid morphology. The authors present a case of a 76-year-old woman with a diagnosis of a primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the eyelid with atypical presentations. With this report, we seek to increase clinician awareness toward this tumor and to highlight the need for systematic recommendations in order to improve the management of these patients.
Reflective Empathy
Authors: Jordan Randolph
Published: July 2023

This chapter makes an explicit connection between film sound and another core practice in acoustic ecology, soundscape composition, through an analysis of Gus Van Sant’s film Last Days (2005). The sound design for Last Days incorporates the soundscape compositions of Hildegard Westerkamp, original member of the World Soundscape Project. This chapter examines how her piece “Doors of Perception” is mapped onto the space of the house occupied by Blake (Michael Pitt), a character loosely based on Kurt Cobain during the days leading up to his death. This chapter argues that to properly understand how soundscape composition works as a sound design element we need a new model for theorizing how the compilation film soundtrack makes use of pre-existing pieces of music, one that considers the undertheorized role of music’s spatial qualities in film. Soundscape composition attunes us to the spatial dimensions of music, bringing theorizations of the genre to questions of the compilation film soundtrack, offering a new pathway into thinking about film music along ecological lines. This chapter demonstrates how the presence of Westerkamp’s piece in the film opens up ways of thinking about the function of space across all the sound design elements, as well as the image track, to reveal the heart of the film: reflective empathy, the author’s term used to describe the problems of opening up empathetic spaces of identification between characters in the film, and between films and their audiences, echoing the problems of vanishing mediation in the discourse of fidelity discussed throughout this book.
Data and Methodology
Authors: Gradín Carlos , Lewandowski Piotr , Schotte Simone , Sen Kunal
Published: July 2023

In this chapter, we provide an overview of the data harmonization on information about labour earnings, occupational classifications, and job tasks used in the country studies included in this book. We also briefly explain the common methodological framework that underlies most of the analyses after being adapted to each country context. The approaches used bring together various analytical techniques that allow a better description of the magnitude and nature of the change in earnings inequality, particularly the role of skills and the task composition of occupations. Therefore, this chapter is intended as a complementary tool that provides more technical information that the country studies, for the sake of conciseness, will omit.
Ghana
Authors: Gradín Carlos , Schotte Simone
Published: July 2023

In this chapter, we analyse the role played by the changing nature of occupational employment and wages in explaining the trend in earnings inequality in Ghana between 2006 and 2017. During this period, a substantial transformation of the economy occurred, with workers moving out of agriculture and generally taking more-skilled and less-routine jobs in services, within the context of a stagnant manufacturing sector and oil-based expansion. We show that there was an initial decline in earnings inequality which is best explained by a fall in the skill premium following the expansion of education. This period was followed by a substantial increase in earnings inequality in which the skill premium continued to fall at a slower pace, and there was a pro-rich change in the earnings returns to routine tasks performed by workers.
ESG and Downside Risks
Authors: Sautner Zacharias , Starks Laura T.
Published: July 2023

Due to their long-term horizons, pension funds face enhanced exposures to the long-lived effects of many environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risks. Moreover, given the potential consequences of being underfunded, pension funds are particularly exposed to ESG-related downside shocks, especially those related to climate change. In particular, with wealth protection being an important consideration for fiduciaries, pension managers have a strong need to identify and address ESG-related downside risks. We discuss the implications of these risks, provide evidence on institutional investors’ perspectives on climate-related downside risks, and discuss how these risks are priced in financial markets. We also document how institutional investors address climate risks in the investment process, with a focus on the role of engagement versus divestment.
Introduction
Authors: Dyck Joshua J. , Pearson-Merkowitz Shanna
Published: July 2023

The Introduction lays out the argument for the book, discusses our data and methods, and presents an outline of the chapters. Here we argue that the growth in affective partisan polarization, and the resulting negativity voters feel toward the opposition party have far-reaching, often toxic, effects on how Americans behave both inside and outside the realm of politics. The power of partisanship influences support for democratic norms, willingness to engage in risk in financial and health care decisions, interracial interactions, and preferences on completely non-political issues like our choice of what we would like to eat for dinner. The power of partisanship blocks people from learning from each other, their environment, and even makes them blind to their own personal economic hardship. The power of partisanship ultimately makes partisans unable to respond to information not gained through partisan channels.
Political Responsiveness to the Lived Experience
Authors: Dyck Joshua J. , Pearson-Merkowitz Shanna
Published: July 2023

Chapter 6 investigates how partisanship disrupts the process of learning from personal and contextual experiences. The chapter examines what political knowledge means in an information environment that is expressly partisan and asks if contextual effects theory works in the way social science predicts. The data suggest that partisan policy preferences are not reflective of pocketbook concerns—even for individuals who struggle financially. Similarly, the findings suggest that the saliency of crime is not affected by the level of violent crime in the context in which partisans live. Democrats’ and Republicans’ policy preferences on gun control also have no relationship with the level of violent crime in their lived context. Even perceptions about local land use reflect national debates instead of local realities. Only independents’ perceptions of their community are informed by their lived reality and show signs that policy opinions change to reflect personal and community needs.
Identity Strength Leads to Out-Group Animus and Polarization
Authors: Iyengar Shanto , DeBell Matthew
Published: July 2023

America is increasingly a polarized society. Party politics has become a form of tribalism by which Democrats and Republicans treat each other as a stigmatized out-group. Partisans shun close contact with opposing partisans and show no compunction when discriminating against opposing partisans in a variety of contexts. In this chapter, the authors explore the antecedents of polarization, focusing on identity strength and political tolerance as key predictors. Using American National Election Study (ANES) national surveys conducted between 1964 and 2020, the authors first document the significant increase in hostility toward the opposing party. They then show that hostility is significantly elevated among individuals with a strong sense of partisan identity. Surprisingly, they find that the question used to measure political tolerance in the ANES surveys has negligible effects on partisan animus. In closing, they consider the implications of extreme polarization for democratic politics.
Feature co-occurrence constraints in acquisition
Authors: van ’t Veer Marijn
Published: July 2023

This chapter proposes that an account of the acquisition of the segment inventory cannot be successful if it targets solely the representational side, as previous accounts have tended to do. However, both representation and derivation (computation) are necessary and integral parts of any phonological system. With this in mind, the chapter puts forth a framework in which the acquisition of distinctive features develops in tandem with a set of highly simple constraints that govern how these features may combine to form segments. Using only monovalent features and binary Feature Co-occurrence Constrains, it is shown that the acquisition of the Dutch consonant inventory can be successfully accounted for.
Features or gestures in speech production and perception?
Authors: Kim Hyunsoon
Published: July 2023

The present chapter addresses the question of whether atemporal features or temporal gestures play a role in speech production and perception. We compare feature- and gesture-based models, taking into consideration recent MRI and external photoglottography data on Korean stops, MRI and acoustic data on Korean palatalization, and two perception studies on how Koreans categorize Japanese geminates and plosives followed by an H or L vowel. The comparison shows that the laryngeal–oral coordination and the other independent pattern of glottal opening in Korean stops are more appropriately accounted for by features, and that gradual tongue fronting and raising in Korean palatalization cannot be represented simultaneously by the single gesture Tongue Body. In addition, the perception studies reveal that gestures a speaker produces are not perceived; rather, acoustic signals are parsed by a listener’s grammar such as distinctive features, syllable structure, Accentual Phrase-initial boundary tones, etc.
Perceptions of providing nursing care during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bosek Marcia Sue Dewolf , Laramee Ann , Hoffman Sarah
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

To characterize the experience of providing nursing care amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

A qualitative, phenomenology method was used. Data were collected via a confidential electronic survey.

Results:

A total of 166 nurses completed the survey, of which 63 (37.9%) took care of a patient with COVID-19. Four themes (with subthemes) emerged from the survey data: It feels like a marathon that won't end; Take care of yourself or you cannot take care of anyone else effectively; I'm a nurse so I can take care of sick patients, however, it is harder to go to work now; and It is challenging not to be angry.

Conclusion:

Nurses remain proud of their role as a nurse. However, the joy related to work faded as nurses fought against being angry with patients, visitors, and other clinicians who did not follow safety precautions, such as wearing masks, and social distancing. The perception of running a marathon illustrates the exhaustion nurses are experiencing.