bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bond Strength of Porcelain Fused to Casting and Selective Laser Base Metal Alloy with a Bonding Agent
Authors: Rafal Kareem Rasheed  , Nidhal Sahib Mansoor
Published: January 2024

Purpose: The goal of this study was to assess how different bonding agents affected the shear bond strength of a feldspathic ceramic fused with a cobalt-chromium alloy that was manufactured using two different techniques: lost wax and a 3D printer. Approach: A total of 40 disks of the cobalt-chromium alloy were made by using casting (Co–Cr) as the control group (n=20 specimens) and additive manufacture by selective laser melting.  SLM from Co–Cr (n=20 specimens) the disks were airborne particles abraded with110 µm aluminum oxide particles, then two main groups separated into subgroups based on the type of bonding agent used (with and without addition). shear bond strength was used, before the SBS test the metal and ceramic interfaces were examined using test scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The elemental makeup of the bonding agents was determined using an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) test. The results of the SBS tests as well as the failure modes were noted. Data were analyzed using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test (a = 0.05).
Result: Bond strength was much stronger in Co-Cr specimens with bonding agents than in Co-Cr specimens without bonding agents. The mass quantities of silicon (Si) and some titanium (Ti) on the surfaces of alloys varied depending on the production method and the presence of a bonding agent.
Conclusion: By use of a bonding agent on various Co-Cr metals improves bond strength with ceramics.
الإيحاء للمعنى والتعبير في تصميم الإعلان المطبوع
Authors: Ibrahim Hamdan Sabti  , Adra’a Ali Ahmed
Published: January 2024

تناول البحث دراسة الإيحاء للمعنى والتعبير بوصفه موضوعاً مهماً يعمل في إشتغالات الإعلان  لتحقيق أداء الوظيفي في إيصال الرسالة الاتصالية بطريقة فعّالة تحقق التأثير والاستجابة لدى المتلقي، إذ إن من مقاصد المصمم استعمال أي وسيلة تحقق أهدافه الاتصالية ومنها الإيحاء، وهو من الإشتغالات المهمة اذ يأخذ مساحة واسعة من ذهن المتلقي وتفاعله مع الإعلان ؛ ومن ثم التأثير فيه بعد ايصال فكرة الإعلان ؛ التي تم صياغتها بتخطيط مسبق على وفق استراتيجية معدة لهذا الغرض، فضلاً عن ضخه بالأفكاروالمعاني والتأويلات؛ وهذا يتم عن طريق إظهار العناصر المتمثلة بالصور والرموز والالوان والمادة الكتابية وغيرها من العناصر التيبوغرافيكية التي استعملت على وفق سياقات معينة بهدف تعزيز قيمتها الاتصالية؛ إذ إن الإيحاء للمعنى والتعبير يُعدّ من المؤثرات الفعّالة في ذهن المتلقي وتعزيز عملية الانتباه والوعي ومن ثم الادراك للهيئة الشكلية، فضلاً عن انها تعزز صفة الجذب والتشويق للإعلان .
Liver Functions in Type 2 Diabetes Individuals after Pfizer Vaccination in Iraqi Patients
Authors: Shrooq Ali Hussein  , Ahmed Abdul-Hussein Mohsin  , Ahmed Ghazi Sabbar
Published: January 2024

Coronavirus is a highly contagious disease, especially in diabetes mellitus type 2. It remains the main cause of death despite the availability of a vaccine. Coronavirus is transmitted via droplets from the nose, mouth, or throat. The study evaluates the biochemical parameters of liver function in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes and the correlation between D-dimer level and platelet count after a second dose of the Pfizer vaccine (14–21) days after vaccination. A study was carried out in al Suwayrah hospital, which included 300 patients aged 20 to 70 years old. one hundred were excluded from this study. A physician diagnosed with Type-2 diabetes mellitus (the ADA) (the American Diabetes Association, 2021) was involved in this study from December 2021 to March 2022. results showed that AST and ALT were normal, while ALP was higher in diabetics compared to controls (ALP was higher in both groups of diabetics vaccinated and non-vaccinated with Pfizer vaccine compared to controls). correlation with no significant effect on platelet count and D-dimer. The current research concludes that there is no effect of the Pfizer vaccine on a biochemical parameter of the liver.
تقدير انموذج انحدار لاسو الضبابي
Authors: Rawya Emad Kareem  , Mohammed Jasim Mohammed
Published: January 2024

تقدير انموذج انحدار لاسو الضبابي عندما تعاني البيانات من مشكلة التعدد خطي  لفشل  استخدام طريقة المربعات الصغرى الضبابية في تقدير الانموذج عن طريقة استخدام نظرية المجموعة الضبابية باستخدام دالة مثلثية حيث ان انحدار لاسو الضبابي (Fuzzy Lasso regression) يعطي نتائج افضل  من خلال مقارنة النتائج مع  طريقة المربعات الصغرى الضبابية باستخدام معيار متوسط مربعات الخطأ MSE وقد اظهرت النتائج باستخدام المحاكاة ان طريقة انحدار لاسو الضبابي قد اعطى اقل MSE من طريقة المربعات الصغرى الضبابية في ظل وجود مشكلة التعدد الخطي في البيانات.
Phenotypic Resistance of (MRSA) Clinical Isolates to Some Macrolide Antibiotic Groups
Authors: Ali Yaseen  , Jaleel Samanje  , Qahtan Adnan Rasheed  , Rafah Sabah Barrak  , Afraa Brahim
Published: January 2024

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most significant global threats to human health in recent times, and it limits the achievement of several of the sustainable development goals. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is among the most essential multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of (MRSA) from different clinical samples to emphasise the suitable treatment. One hundred fifty different clinical samples were collected. All these samples were subjected to classical microbiological testing, which included culturing directly on mannitol salt agar and antibiotic susceptibility test (A.S.T). The results observed that only 32 out of 150 samples of MRSA isolates were identified using cefoxitin 30 (µg) as a screening antibiotic, as suggested by CLSI. These 32 MRSA isolates showed resistance toward penicillin and cefoxitin, high sensitivity against vancomycin, and moderate resistance against doxycycline and azithromycin. Considering the phenotyping resistance toward macrolide antibiotic groups, 10/32 (31.25%) showed S-phenotype,18/32 (52.65%) showed R-phenotype,4/32 (12.5%) showed D-phenotype while no MRSA isolated showed D+ phenotype. This study concludes that inducible clindamycin resistance of S. aureus (MRSA) increases the difficulty of treating S. aureus bacterial infections.
Modern Methods Used in Enterprise Resource Planning About the Business of International and Iraqi Commercial Companies
Authors: AlaaelDeen Ramadan  , Hanaa Sharhan Hashim
Published: January 2024

The concept of enterprise resource planning depends on knowledge and the production of knowledge and its optimal use to determine the nature of the economy and its activities and means. Plan and expand the resources, methods, and techniques used in these activities.
Research, planning, and development are important factors in the economy, and countries seek to invest in this important activity to achieve a renewable and diversified source of research and development. The economic institutions of these countries have become a window to get rid of surplus production that exceeds the need of the local market to be able to create a future vision for the possibilities of advancing this activity and its vital role for the economy and society. For it to be a model that can be applied, followed, and benefited from in drawing a picture of a bright role in an effective economic activity, despite the difficulty of obtaining some data and indicators related to this important activity in Iraq and some of them. This led to an increase in the volume of international competition based on product quality and lower costs and prices.
Evaluation of the Yttrium Oxide Effect on Some Mechanical Properties of (Type III) Dental Stone
Authors: Najwah Yousuf Hameed  , Fatima Kadhim Ghadeer  , Maytham Jalil Fadheel
Published: January 2024

For many years, gypsum compounds have been used in dentistry. They're used to make casts for various dental laboratory operations. Gypsum products have important characteristics such as "quality, abrasion resistance, compressive strength, hardness, linear setting expansion during setting, and detail replication". Additionally, the use of additives such as gum arabic, ferric oxide, calcium oxide, and calcium carbonate has greatly improved the compressive strength of gypsum products. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) addition on the hardness and compressive strength of dental stones. Thirty dental stone specimens of (type III) were prepared and separated into (3) groups: group (A) control group, no additives, group (B) 3% Y2O3, and group (C) 5% Y2O3. The control and experimental groups' mechanical parameters (surface hardness and compressive strength) were measured, and a Shore D hardness tester was used to indent the specimens. An electronic universal testing apparatus with computer control was used to conduct the compressive strength test. The Tukey-HSD test found no difference in surface hardness between the control and experimental groups, a non-significant difference in compressive strength between the control group and dental stone +3% Y2O3, and a significant difference in compressive strength between the control group and dental stone +5% Y2O3. Between dental stones with 3% and 5% Y2O3, there was a substantial difference in compressive strength. The addition of yttrium oxide at weight ratios of 3% and 5% to dental stone did not affect the surface hardness. The addition of 5% yttrium oxide decreased the compressive strengths.
Malware Detection in IoT Systems using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Mehrban Ali , Ahadian Pegah
Published: January 2024

Malware detection in IoT environments necessitates robust methodologies. This study introduces a CNN-LSTM hybrid model for IoT malware identification and evaluates its performance against established methods. Leveraging K-fold cross-validation, the proposed approach achieved 95.5% accuracy, surpassing existing methods. The CNN algorithm enabled superior learning model construction, and the LSTM classifier exhibited heightened accuracy in classification. Comparative analysis against prevalent techniques demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed model, highlighting its potential for enhancing IoT security. The study advocates for future exploration of SVMs as alternatives, emphasizes the need for distributed detection strategies, and underscores the importance of predictive analyses for a more powerful IOT security. This research serves as a platform for developing more resilient security measures in IoT ecosystems.
Analisis Yuridis Tindak Pidana Pengeroyokan di Tinjau dari KUHP
Authors: Mamu Karlin Z , Hasan Yeti S
Published: January 2024

Tindak pidana pengeroyokan merupakan tindak pidana yang dilakukan lebih dari satu orang. Konsep pengeroyokan dari sudut pandang KUHP dipahami sebagai tindak pidana penyerangan dengan tenaga bersama terhadap orang atau barang. Bentuk kekerasan yang terdapat dalam KUHP tersebut termasuk kekerasan terbuka dimana kekerasan tersebut dilakukan oleh seseorang ataupun beberapa orang dengan cara melakukan kekerasan fisik yang dilakukan di tempat di mana dapat diketahui atau dapat dilihat secara kasat mata oleh publik. Pasal 170 KUHP dan Pasal 262 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 memberikan jaminan perlindungan terhadap korban akibat pengeroyokan yang dilakukan terhadap orang maupun barang yang dilakukan secara bersama-sama di tempat umum. Namun Pasal tersebut tidak menjelaskan secara rinci, hanya menjelaskan bagaimana kekerasan dilakukan dalam berbagai bentuk seperti menimbulkan kerugian materil, menganiaya orang lain, dan lain-lain. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan sistem pemidanaan terhadap kasus pengeroyokan selama ini belum efektif.
A Public Policy Review: Evaluating RTL's Effectiveness on Lowering Rice Prices: a Local Perspective from the Countryside of the Philippines
Authors: Estrada  , Derick C
Published: January 2024

This study evaluated the Rice Tariffication Law’s (RTL) effectiveness in lowering rice prices. A sample of 100 respondents was selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected mainly through a questionnaire Google Forms disseminated to the targeted groups. The findings revealed that based on farmers' perspective, RTL has a less significant impact on the reduction of rice prices. The study also revealed the farmers’ view on the main reason why the prices of rice remain high despite the implementation of RTL, and it is because of the high cost of inputs in rice production. The majority of the farmers suggested creating a new policy that focused on government support/subsidies, lowering the price of agricultural inputs, and establishing mechanisms to govern rice cartels to avoid price manipulation. It is recommended that the government should revise the current policies and programs of RTL to address the complexities of the rice market and consider the diverse needs of all stakeholders
Influence of Standardization on the Adoption of Concentrated Solar Technology by Tea Factories Run by KTDA in Kenya
Authors: Muchunu Magu Dr. David
Published: January 2024

This study sought to assess the effect of standardization on the likelihood of the adoption of Concentrated Solar Power Technology (CSPT) by the KTDA run tea factories in Kenya. The study was guided by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Guide on Standardization The target population was all factory unit managers of the 66 tea factories under the management of KTDA. The study was a cross-sectional survey using a quantitative approach for descriptive and inferential statistical outcomes. Data collection was by a structured questionnaire and binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the data. The standardization model was found to be statistically significant in influencing the likelihood of the adoption of CSPT by tea factories managed by KTDA, with a Chi2 p-value of 0.0222 and McFadden’s R2 of 0.2277. This meant that CSPT standardization was likely to influence the adoption of CSPT among tea factories managed by KTDA with a 95% confidence level. These findings were consistent with the propositions of the (ISO) Guide on Standardization. It was also consistent with findings of other studies and projects such as the standardization initiatives for CSH systems and CST technologies in India, and standardization of broadcast TV technologies in the US.
Human Development as an Actor of Institutional Building: Case Study Ministry of Public Services and Human Resource Development
Authors: Amon Ayiek Dr. Opal Adwok
Published: January 2024

The research take Human Resource development in its work, how employees could be developed in term of training. The article explained the origin for starting human resources development during the early period of those who were concern with employee’s productivity, they include scientific and socialist theorist; the examples of those philosophers were Frederick W. Taylor and Elton Mayo. The research defined human resource development according to different writers; who were emphasizing that there should be scientific approach in the recruitment process and training, and progressive development of workforce to improve their skills of productivity. Also the research takes into account the contemporary development of scientific technology and information technology which necessities the continuing human resource development and institutional building. Article has explained the establishment of Ministry Public Service and Human Resource development; that include the organization structure of the Ministry. The research has taken into consideration the concern for the institutional development in term of improving structural units and capabilities which has impact on effectiveness and efficiency of organizations. The Research included the methods of training, feature, of human resource development, and benefits of training of human resource; that involve workers improved better productivity, team work spirit, increase organization stability, reduced accidents, and reduced equipment damage. In discussion and analysis of finding study indicate all positive aspect and majority agreement for important for human resource development and institutional building. The researcher has some observations and recommendations furthermore the researcher recommend for further study on Ethical Behavioral Roles on government public Services.
Empowering Pregnancy Risk Assessment: A Web-Based Classification Framework with K-Means Clustering Enhanced Models
Authors: Wongso Bernard Pratama , Johan Monika Evelin , Fianty Melissa Indah
Published: January 2024

This study aims to determine whether there is an increase in accuracy results for predicting pregnancy risk with a classification algorithm that goes through and without going through the clustering stage. After that, compare which classification algorithm gets the best improvement. This study uses the K-Means clustering approach, as well as the SVM, Naive Bayes, and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classification algorithms. The pregnancy risk dataset used comes from the UCI Machine Learning Repository. Evaluation metrics used include accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The results of the study revealed that the K-Means model with KNN provided the highest performance compared to the other two, with an accuracy of 79.53% and an average F1-score of 0.8. The implementation of K-Means resulted in an increase in accuracy of 0.4%, 1.57%, and 2.76% on KNN, SVM, and Naive Bayes respectively, which confirms the impact of clustering in improving classification performance. The resulting model can be used in real-time via a website built using the Flask API, and offers tools that can help health practitioners to plan treatments effectively and minimize the risk of pregnancy.
Designing Information Technology Governance in Trading Companies Using COBIT 2019 Framework
Authors: Loppies Marthin Wilheim , Fibriani Charitas
Published: January 2024

Mooi Brand Salatiga, a company in the clothing retail sector, has implemented various information systems (IS) to enhance its business processes. These systems include social media platforms such as WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook, a Sales Information System for cashiers, and a website. However, Mooi Brand Salatiga often encounters several challenges with the use of these IS, including the lack of system integration, an overreliance on current technology, and an inability to develop independent information systems. COBIT 2019, a systematic and comprehensive framework, offers potential solutions to support companies in efficiently managing and monitoring their information technology. This study leads to the development of an improved pattern for information technology management at Mooi Brand Salatiga, addressing these challenges and paving the way for enhanced operational efficiency and technological autonomy.
SAÚDE GINECOLÓGICA DA MULHER: ABORDAGENS ATUAIS E PERSPECTIVAS FUTURAS
Authors: Bomfim Vitoria Vilas Boas da Silva , Sousa Maria Clara Nunes , Enes Maria Sorely Warner , Marques Flavia Taissa Souza Fagundes
Published: January 2024

Esta revisão científica apresenta uma análise abrangente da saúde ginecológica da mulher, abordando desde a fase da puberdade até a menopausa. Ao examinar as abordagens atuais e perspectivas futuras, foram identificadas várias áreas críticas que impactam a saúde reprodutiva e o bem-estar geral das mulheres. O estudo inicia-se explorando a saúde menstrual, destacando intervenções para promover a regularidade do ciclo menstrual e abordando distúrbios comuns. Em relação à contracepção moderna, são discutidas opções, eficácia, segurança e desafios de acessibilidade, reconhecendo a importância da autonomia reprodutiva. A análise da infertilidade e dos tratamentos reprodutivos enfatiza causas comuns, estratégias terapêuticas e desafios psicossociais enfrentados por casais. Os cuidados pré-natais emergem como cruciais na prevenção de complicações gestacionais, com ênfase na importância do acesso equitativo a esses cuidados. A menopausa e o envelhecimento reprodutivo são abordados, destacando estratégias para gerenciar sintomas, as implicações na fertilidade e o papel crucial da educação contínua sobre saúde reprodutiva ao longo da vida. As inovações tecnológicas, como medicina personalizada, genômica e inteligência artificial, oferecem novas possibilidades diagnósticas e terapêuticas, mas levantam considerações éticas e de acessibilidade. Por fim, a revisão destaca desafios atuais, incluindo disparidades no acesso aos cuidados ginecológicos e lacunas de conhecimento em condições específicas. Considerações finais enfatizam a necessidade de uma abordagem integrada e equitativa na promoção da saúde ginecológica, integrando abordagens atuais e antecipando futuros avanços para uma prática clínica mais informada e centrada na paciente.
A new look into the impacts of dust radiative effects on the energetics of tropical easterly waves
Authors: Hosseinpour Farnaz , Wilcox Eric M.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Saharan dust aerosols are often embedded in tropical easterly waves, also known as African easterly waves, and are transported thousands of kilometers across the tropical Atlantic Ocean, reaching the Caribbean Sea, Amazon Basin, and eastern USA. However, due to the complex climate dynamics of west Africa and the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean, there is still a lack of understanding of how dust particles may influence the development of African easterly waves, which are coupled to deep convective systems over the tropical Atlantic Ocean and in some cases may seed the growth of tropical cyclones. Here we used 22 years of daily satellite observations and reanalysis data to explore the relationships between dust in the Saharan air layer and the development of African easterly waves. Our findings show that dust aerosols not merely are transported by the African easterly jet and the African easterly waves system across the tropical Atlantic Ocean, but also contribute to the changes in the eddy energetics of the African easterly waves. The efficiency of the dust radiative effect in the atmosphere is estimated to be a warming of approximately 20 W m−2 over the ocean and 35 W m−2 over land. This diabatic heating of dust aerosols in the Saharan air layer acts as an additional energy source to increase the growth of the waves. The enhanced diabatic heating of dust leads to an increase in meridional temperature gradients in the baroclinic zone, where eddies extract available potential energy from the mean flow and convert it to eddy kinetic energy. This suggests that diabatic heating of dust aerosols can increase the eddy kinetic energy of the African easterly waves and enhance the baroclinicity of the region. Our findings also show that dust outbreaks over the tropical Atlantic Ocean precede the development of baroclinic waves downstream of the African easterly jet, which suggests that the dust radiative effect has the capability to trigger the generation of the zonal and meridional transient eddies in the system comprising the African easterly jet and African easterly waves.
A multi-scenario Lagrangian trajectory analysis to identify source regions of the Asian tropopause aerosol layer on the Indian subcontinent in August 2016
Authors: Clemens Jan , Vogel Bärbel , Hoffmann Lars , Griessbach Sabine , Thomas Nicole , Fadnavis Suvarna , Müller Rolf , Peter Thomas , Ploeger Felix
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The Asian tropopause aerosol layer (ATAL) is present during the Asian summer monsoon season affecting the radiative balance of the atmosphere. However, the source regions and transport pathways of ATAL particles are still uncertain. Here, we investigate transport pathways from different regions at the model boundary layer (MBL) to the ATAL by combining two Lagrangian transport models (CLaMS, Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere; MPTRAC, Massive-Parallel Trajectory Calculations) with balloon-borne measurements of the ATAL performed by the Compact Optical Backscatter Aerosol Detector (COBALD) above Nainital (India) in August 2016. Trajectories are initialised at the measured location of the ATAL and calculated 90 d backwards in time to investigate the relation between the measured, daily averaged, aerosol backscatter ratio and source regions at the MBL. Different simulation scenarios are performed to find differences and robust patterns when the reanalysis data (ERA5 or ERA-Interim), the trajectory model, the vertical coordinate (kinematic and diabatic approach) or the convective parameterisation are varied. The robust finding among all scenarios is that the largest continental air mass contributions originate from the Tibetan Plateau and the Indian subcontinent (mostly the Indo-Gangetic Plain), and the largest maritime air mass contributions in Asia come from the western Pacific (e.g. related to tropical cyclones). Additionally, all simulation scenarios indicate that the transport of maritime air from the tropical western Pacific to the region of the ATAL lowers the backscatter ratio (BSR) of the ATAL, while most scenarios indicate that the transport of polluted air from the Indo-Gangetic Plain increases the BSR. While the results corroborate key findings from previous ERA-Interim-based studies, they also highlight the variability in the contributions of different MBL regions to the ATAL depending on different simulation scenarios.
Toward generalized Milankovitch theory (GMT)
Authors: Ganopolski Andrey
Published: January 2024

Abstract. In recent decades, numerous paleoclimate records and results of model simulations have provided strong support for the astronomical theory of Quaternary glacial cycles formulated in its modern form by Milutin Milankovitch. At the same time, new findings have revealed that the classical Milankovitch theory is unable to explain a number of important facts, such as the change in the dominant periodicity of glacial cycles from 41 to 100 kyr about 1 million years ago. This transition was also accompanied by an increase in the amplitude and asymmetry of the glacial cycles. Here, based on the results of a hierarchy of models and data analysis, a framework of the extended (generalized) version of the Milankovitch theory is presented. To illustrate the main elements of this theory, a simple conceptual model of glacial cycles was developed using the results of an Earth system model, CLIMBER-2. This conceptual model explicitly assumes the multistability of the climate–cryosphere system and the instability of the “supercritical” ice sheets. Using this model, it is shown that Quaternary glacial cycles can be successfully reproduced as the strongly nonlinear response of the Earth system to the orbital forcing, where 100 kyr cyclicity originates from the phase locking of the precession and obliquity-forced glacial cycles to the corresponding eccentricity cycle. The eccentricity influences glacial cycles solely through its amplitude modulation of the precession component of orbital forcing, while the long timescale of the late Quaternary glacial cycles is determined by the time required for ice sheets to reach their critical size. The postulates used to construct this conceptual model were justified using analysis of relevant physical and biogeochemical processes and feedbacks. In particular, the role of climate–ice sheet–carbon cycle feedback in shaping and globalization of glacial cycles is discussed. The reasons for the instability of the large northern ice sheets and the mechanisms of the Earth system escape from the “glacial trap” via a set of strongly nonlinear processes are presented. It is also shown that the transition from the 41 to the 100 kyr world about 1 million years ago can be explained by a gradual increase in the critical size of ice sheets, which in turn is related to the gradual removal of terrestrial sediments from the northern continents. The implications of this nonlinear paradigm for understanding Quaternary climate dynamics and the remaining knowledge gaps are finally discussed.
Relative importance of the mechanisms triggering the Eurasian ice sheet deglaciation in the GRISLI2.0 ice sheet model
Authors: van Aalderen Victor , Charbit Sylvie , Dumas Christophe , Quiquet Aurélien
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The last deglaciation (21 to 8 ka) of the Eurasian ice sheet (EIS) is thought to have been responsible for a sea level rise of about 20 m. While many studies have examined the timing and rate of the EIS retreat during this period, many questions remain about the key processes that triggered the EIS deglaciation 21 kyr ago. Due to its large marine-based parts in the Barents–Kara (BKIS) and British Isles sectors, the BKIS is often considered to be a potential analogue of the current West Antarctic ice sheet (WAIS). Identifying the mechanisms that drove the EIS evolution might provide a better understanding of the processes at play in the West Antarctic destabilization. To investigate the relative impact of key drivers on the EIS destabilization, we used the three-dimensional ice sheet model GRISLI (GRenoble Ice Shelf and Land Ice) (version 2.0) forced by climatic fields from five Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phases 3 and 4 (PMIP3, PMIP4) Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) simulations. In this study, we performed sensitivity experiments to test the response of the simulated Eurasian ice sheets to surface climate, oceanic temperatures (and thus basal melting under floating ice tongues), and sea level perturbations. Our results highlight that the EIS retreat simulated with the GRISLI model is primarily triggered by atmospheric warming. Increased atmospheric temperatures further amplify the sensitivity of the ice sheets to sub-shelf melting. These results contradict those of previous modelling studies mentioning the central role of basal melting on the deglaciation of the marine-based Barents–Kara ice sheet. However, we argue that the differences with previous works are mainly related to differences in the methodology followed to generate the initial LGM ice sheet. Due to the strong sensitivity of EIS to the atmospheric forcing highlighted with the GRISLI model and the limited extent of the confined ice shelves during the LGM, we conclude by questioning the analogy between EIS and the current WAIS. However, because of the expected rise in atmospheric temperatures, the risk of hydrofracturing is increasing and could ultimately put the WAIS in a configuration similar to the past Eurasian ice sheet.
Impact of Atlantic multidecadal variability on rainfall intensity distribution and timing of the West African monsoon
Authors: Mohino Elsa , Monerie Paul-Arthur , Mignot Juliette , Diakhaté Moussa , Donat Markus , Roberts Christopher David , Doblas-Reyes Francisco
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Previous studies agree on an impact of the Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) on the total seasonal rainfall amounts over the Sahel. However, whether and how the AMV affects the distribution of rainfall or the timing of the West African monsoon is not well known. Here we seek to explore these impacts by analyzing daily rainfall outputs from climate model simulations with an idealized AMV forcing imposed in the North Atlantic, which is representative of the observed one. The setup follows a protocol largely consistent with the one proposed by the Component C of the Decadal Climate Prediction Project (DCPP-C). We start by evaluating model's performance in simulating precipitation, showing that models underestimate it over the Sahel, where the mean intensity is consistently smaller than observations. Conversely, models overestimate precipitation over the Guinea coast, where too many rainy days are simulated. In addition, most models underestimate the average length of the rainy season over the Sahel; some are due to a monsoon onset that is too late and others due to a cessation that is too early. In response to a persistent positive AMV pattern, models show an enhancement in total summer rainfall over continental West Africa, including the Sahel. Under a positive AMV phase, the number of wet days and the intensity of daily rainfall events are also enhanced over the Sahel. The former explains most of the changes in seasonal rainfall in the northern fringe, while the latter is more relevant in the southern region, where higher rainfall anomalies occur. This dominance is connected to the changes in the number of days per type of event; the frequency of both moderate and heavy events increases over the Sahel's northern fringe. Conversely, over the southern limit, it is mostly the frequency of heavy events which is enhanced, thus affecting the mean rainfall intensity there. Extreme rainfall events are also enhanced over the whole Sahel in response to a positive phase of the AMV. Over the Sahel, models with stronger negative biases in rainfall amounts compared to observations show weaker changes in response to AMV, suggesting that systematic biases could affect the simulated responses. The monsoon onset over the Sahel shows no clear response to AMV, while the demise tends to be delayed, and the overall length of the monsoon season enhanced between 2 and 5 d with the positive AMV pattern. The effect of AMV on the seasonality of the monsoon is more consistent to the west of 10∘ W, with all models showing a statistically significant earlier onset, later demise, and enhanced monsoon season with the positive phase of the AMV. Our results suggest a potential for the decadal prediction of changes in the intraseasonal characteristics of rainfall over the Sahel, including the occurrence of extreme events.
Proposal for a new meteotsunami intensity index
Authors: Lewis Clare , Smyth Tim , Neumann Jess , Cloke Hannah
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Atmospherically generated coastal waves labelled as meteotsunami are known to cause destruction, injury, and fatality due to their rapid onset and unexpected nature. Unlike other coastal hazards such as tsunami, there exist no standardised means of quantifying this phenomenon, which is crucial to understand shoreline impacts and to enable researchers to establish a shared language and framework for meteotsunami analysis and comparison. In this study, we present a new five-level Lewis Meteotsunami Intensity Index (LMTI) trialled in the United Kingdom (UK) but designed for global applicability. A comprehensive dataset of meteotsunami events recorded in the UK was utilised, and the index's effectiveness was evaluated, with intensity level and spatial distribution of meteotsunami occurrence derived. Results revealed a predominant occurrence of Level 2 moderate intensity meteotsunami (69 %) in the UK, with distinct hotspots identified in south-western England and Scotland. Further trial implementation of the LMTI in a global capacity revealed its potential adaptability to other meteotsunami-prone regions, facilitating the comparison of events and promoting standardisation of assessment methodologies.
A Narrative Review on Quality Improvements for Radiology Clerkships from Medical Student
Authors: Chen Star , Kumaran Maruti
Published: January 2024

Radiology clerkships have the potential to give medical students a better appreciation of a radiologist’s responsibilities toward patient care while raising interest and improving student confidence in diagnostic imaging skills.  Unfortunately, many radiology clerkships across the US have developed a reputation for being unorganized and unengaging. This narrative review is focused on summarizing various clerkship practices performed across the US that have been well received by students, as well as specific weaknesses of the traditional clerkship format from the student perspective, with the aim of effective approaches to revamping electives to showcase the realities of the specialty while also attracting bright and motivated students. This narrative review examined 28 studies that gathered survey responses from medical students who completed radiology clerkships to determine their perceptions towards the clerkship. Major findings to be discussed in detail include weaknesses with the traditional format related to passive learning through observing, unclear expectations for medical students, and certain challenges that clerkship directors may face while attempting to implement changes to their clerkship. This narrative review will also discuss specific well-received practices involving more active learning, including interactive workstations, interactive simulators, flipped classrooms, case banks, and online learning modules.
Awareness Among Girl Healthcare Students Regarding Physiological Nature of Vaginal Discharge
Authors: Bipasha Barat  , Gadre Sandhya , Dube Madhulika
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND: Leucorrhoea also spelled leukorrhoea, as a flow of a whitish, yellow, or greenish discharge from the vagina of the female that may be normal or that may be a sign of infection. Commonly, physiological vaginal discharge is confused with being associated with some pathology. AIMS: The aim of this study was; to estimate the percentage of awareness about physiological nature of vaginal discharge in  MBBS students; Paramedical students and Nursing students, to estimate the percentage of women experiencing vaginal white discharge, estimating the percentage of women/girls who consult doctors because of vaginal white discharge, advising women/ girls with pathological vaginal discharge for consultation.
METHODS: The present cross sectional study was done among female students from Medical, Paramedical and Nursing branch of Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal. Total number of 246 female students were taken into the study. They were provided with a questionnaire consisting of 30 questions, which was divided into sections of; Awareness, Evaluation, Practice and Knowledge. The answers given by the three groups were compared for studying awareness regarding physiological nature of vaginal discharge. Nature of vaginal discharge experienced by individual students was also evaluated. Comparison of Practices followed by the students in daily life was also done. Knowledge regarding vaginal discharge was studied.
RESULTS: Students were scored on basis of their answer in knowledge and awareness; each correct answer awarded 1 point and incorrect answer awarded 0. Unpaired t Test for comparing the Awareness Scores shows significant inter-group variation in awareness. Medical students had significantly higher awareness about vaginal discharge as compared to the other two groups. Further, Awareness of the paramedical group was higher than the nursing group. Overall responses within each group were however homogenous, representing comparable intra-group awareness about vaginal discharge. Similar findings were seen for knowledge scoring.
CONCLUSION: It was found that Awareness & knowledge regarding physiological vaginal white discharge is highest in medical students followed by paramedical & nursing students. Nursing students consult doctors the most, medical students consult the least. But the positive and negative attitude towards the discharge is homogeneous in all the groups. A small portion of medical students had never experienced vaginal discharge.
Biliary Ascariasis Causing Obstructive Jaundice: A Case Report on ERCP-Assisted Management
Authors: Siddiqui Ateeb , Arshad Shaehzeen , Haider Ehteshaam , Sajjad Faisal
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND: Biliary tract disorders are predominantly caused by cholelithiasis (gallstones). However, in regions endemic for parasitic infestations, or areas with poor hygiene and sanitation, hepatobiliary disorders may be due to an underlying worm infestation.
THE CASE A 55-year-old female from Skardu, Pakistan, an Ascariasis-endemic area, presented to a tertiary care hospital with right hypochondrial pain and jaundice. Her condition did not respond to conservative treatment. Ultrasound (USG) and Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) identified multiple worms obstructing the common bile duct. Subsequently, an Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure was performed, successfully retrieving the worms and achieving complete ductal clearance. The patient was discharged with oral anthelmintics and made a full recovery.
CONCLUSION: This case underscores the importance of considering biliary ascariasis as a differential diagnosis for obstructive jaundice in endemic regions. MRCP emerges as a valuable diagnostic tool, providing a non-invasive and precise way to identify worm infestations of the biliary system. It effectively reduces the dependence on ERCP and its associated risks, reserving ERCP for therapeutic interventions. Equipping local healthcare centers in Ascariasis-endemic regions with the necessary resources to diagnose and treat these conditions is essential for mitigating patient suffering. This may lessen the need for travel to larger hospitals, minimising physical and financial inconveniences to the patient while also decreasing the burden on tertiary care hospitals.
Evaluation of the Western Blot Densitometry for the Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Mosquera Solano Luis Felipe , Restrepo Duque María Antonia , Arredondo Torres Jocelyn Alexandra , Serna Rivera Sebastián , Fandiño López Juan David , Gómez M Jorge E.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND: Congenital toxoplasmosis can cause severe ocular and neurological sequels such hydrocephaly, seizures, and chorioretinitis, leading to permanent visual deficit and multiple neurological deficits, if left untreated. An early diagnosis is crucial to prevent the development of these consequences and western blot is the most important diagnostic tool for this disease in newborns, because can distinguish between antibodies transferred from the mother or those produced by the newborn. However, the reading of the results still being done by subjective analysis by expert clinical laboratory specialists, reaching a maximum of 73% of sensitivity. The digitalization of the image of the results of western blot and its analysis by a software quantifying the densitometry of the bands obtained by western blot assay can potentially improve the diagnostic performance of the technique. METHODS: Was evaluated the sensitivity and specificity by digitalizing pictures of western blot results from the laboratory of Biomedical Research at the University of Quindío and published in the scientific literature. For the research, GelAnalyzer 19.1 software was used to digitalize the bands from western blot membranes from mother and child serum and the molecular weight of protein bands was calculated. The images were from 15 cases of newborns during the first month of life (six from our laboratory and nine from literature), and five negative controls (three from the laboratory and two from literature). Definition of true cases were the persistence of IgM/IgA after day 10 of life, mother with IgG and IgM antibodies positive and newborn with positive IgG plus symptoms, or no decrease in IgG in follow-up. The true negative cases were all newborn whose become negative for IgG anti Toxoplasma before the month 10 of life in absence of treatment, indicating that were maternal passively transferred antibodies. RESULTS: When comparing the immunological profiles of the mothers and their children for IgG by densitometry, congenital infections were detected in 80% (12 out of 15) of the cases (sensitivity) in serum samples obtained during the first month of life. All controls were negative (100% specificity). There was a percentage of 53% (8 out of 15) of children not identifiable with the visual analysis performed by two undergraduate researchers, likewise, the specificity with observation was 57% (3 out of 5) contrasted with the present study. Finally, three bands were identified as the most common in newborns with congenital infection: 49 KDa, 98-97 KDa and 72 KDa proteins (in order of frequency). CONCLUSION: Digitalization of western blot images increase sensitivity for the diagnosis of newborn with congenital toxoplasmosis during the first month of life.
اتجاهات أعضاء هيئة التدريس في الجامعات الليبية نحو توظيف التعليم الإلكتروني في حالات الطوارئ والأزمات
Authors: Abubaker Shaouf  , Abdulaziz Elwalda
Published: January 2024

يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة اتجاهات أعضاء هيئة التدريس نحو التعليم الإلكتروني في ليبيا في حالات الطوارئ والأزمات، إضافة إلى الكشف عن مدى وجود فروق في الاتجاهات تُعزى إلى متغيرات (الجنس، المؤهل العلمي، الدرجة العلمية، سنوات الخبرة، المجال التدريسي). استناداً إلى بيانات تم جمعها من (190) عضو هيئة تدريس بالجامعات الليبية، نم اختبار أهداف الدراسة تجريباً باستخدام برنامج الحزمة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS). توصل البحث إلى أن الاتجاه العام لأعضاء هيئة التدريس بالجامعات الليبية نحو توظيف التعليم الإلكتروني كان (مرتفعاً)، الأمر الذي يشجع على إمكانية توظيف ونجاح التعليم الإلكتروني في العملية التعليمية. كما دلت النتائج أيضاً على وجود فروق في اتجاهات أعضاء هيئة التدريس بسبب اختلاف المتغيرات المذكورة سابقاً. كما كشفت نتائج الدراسة أن حوالي 70% من أفراد العينة يفضلون التعليم الإلكتروني التفاعلي، و35% يفضلون التعليم التعاوني عبر الانترنت.
Treatment of Produced Water Using Microalgae
Authors: Farhat Masouda , Abdussalam Mahmoud , Mohamed Hisham , Abdullah Taha
Published: January 2024

Produced water is one of the key attractions in the oil fields, where formation water rises to the surface along with the crude oil and is then separated to prevent many problems that may arise during transportation. Nevertheless, the created water is occasionally injected into a man-made lake inside the fields. The sands, creatures, vegetation, and formation water are all contaminated by the lake's water. Because produced water contains minerals and inorganic salts, effective treatment of this water is crucial. This study was conducted to examine how treating produced water with organic elements like freshwater algae affected the amount of salts in the formation water. Two types of freshwater algae namely: Oedogonium algae , Zygnema algae, were used.

 Electrical Conductivity (E.C), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and salinity were measured before and after the treatment at different times intervals ( on day one, the fourth day, and the seventh day). The results showed that  Oedogonium algae have positive effects on the first day, whereas TDS decreased from 5364 mg/l to 1381 mg/l, pH changed from 7.13 to 8.7, E.C decreased from 10.95 ms/cm to 2.818 ms/cm, and salinity decreased from 6.2 ppt to 1.6 ppt. The treated produced water was used for irrigation of plants and as a drinking water for animals without any detrimental effects.
تأثير إضافة بعض البروتينات النباتية المعزولة على الخواص الكيميائية والفيزيائية والحسية للبن المتخمر (اليوغورت)
Authors: عبد الكريم محمود , أوزون بتول
Published: January 2024

هدف البحث دراسة تأثير إضافة بروتينات الصويا المعزولة وبروتينات البازلاء المعزولة على الخواص الكيميائية والفيزيائية للبن المتخمر (اليوغورت)، حيث أظهرت النتائج ارتفاع معنوي في نسبة البروتين والرماد والكربوهيدرات بإضافة البروتينات النباتية مقارنةً بالشاهد، وكان الارتفاع في نسبة البروتين أعلى في العينة المصنعة بإضافة بروتينات الصويا المعزولة، في حين لوحظ ارتفاع في نسبة الكربوهيدرات الكلية في العينة المصنعة بإضافة بروتينات البازلاء المعزولة مع تقارب في نسبة الرماد بين العينتين، كما وجد انخفاض في نسبة الدسم في العينة المصنعة بإضافة البروتينات النباتية مقارنً بالشاهد. وتبين من خلال النتائج المتحصل عليها ارتفاع في قيمة الحموضة وانخفاض الـ pH للمعاملات المختلفة مقارنةً بالشاهد. ووجد أيضاً ارتفاع معنوي في قيمة اللزوجة والقدرة على ربط الماء وانخفاض معنوي في قيمة التآزر للعينات المصنعة بإضافة البروتينات النباتية المعزولة المختلفة مقارنةً مع الشاهد أي إضافة هذه البروتينات حسن من صفة القوام وخفض من ظاهرة التشريش، أما من الناحية الحسية فوجد تقارب في الصفات الحسية بين عينة الشاهد والعينة المصنعة بإضافة بروتينات الصويا المعزولة، وانخفاض في القبول الحسي للعينة المصنعة بإضافة بروتينات البازلاء المعزولة. في حين لوحظ عند الدمج بين بروتينات الصويا المعزولة وبروتينات البازلاء المعزولة أظهر نتائج وسطية مقارنةً باستخدام كل بروتين لوحده.