bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescent and adult candidates for metabolic and bariatric surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Caci Hervé , Chierici Andrea , Iannelli Antonio
Published: July 2024

Aims

Attention‐deficit with hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with obesity and impacts the outcome of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). This study aimed at calculating the prevalence in candidates for MBS, which is yet unclear.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis, searching three databases from their respective inception to December 2022 for studies reporting the prevalence of ADHD in adolescents and adults assessed before undergoing MBS. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022384914). We adhered to Meta‐analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines; the quality of studies was assessed with the JBI Critical Appraisal checklist. Random‐effect meta‐analyses were performed; confidence intervals were computed with a binomial exact method, and the pooled estimate was calculated after double arcsine transformation.

Findings

Fourteen studies (24,455 adults) and three studies (299 adolescents) were selected. The quality of studies was moderate to poor; meta‐analyses were performed on subgroups according to the case definition used. The prevalence is 8.94% and 9.90% in adults, and 28.73% in adolescents.

Conclusions

ADHD is three times more frequent in adults and six times more frequent in adolescents than in the general population. Recommendations are provided to improve the quality of future studies and obtain more reliable estimates of prevalence.
Clinical and radiologic treatment outcomes of implant presence tirggered‐MRONJ: Systematic review of literature
Authors: Nisi Marco , Gennai Stefano , Graziani Filippo , Barone Antonio , Izzetti Rossana
Published: July 2024

Background

The present systematic review evaluated clinical and radiographic features and treatment outcomes of peri‐implantitis‐induced medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws (Pi‐MRONJ).

Materials and Methods

Literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Studies reporting Pi‐MRONJ were included. No time restrictions were applied.

Results

In total, 571 articles were retrieved, and 24 articles were included in the final review. Study population consisted of 111 patients (70% pharmacologically treated for osteoporosis and 30% for oncologic disease). Pi‐MRONJ was characterized by pain, bone exposure and suppuration, and involved a single implant in 55 cases, two implants in 37 cases, three implants in 10 cases, and more than four implants in nine cases. Most of the lesions were assigned Stage II and III. MRONJ developed on average 46.5 ± 33.2 months following implant placement. Sixty‐one lesions were surgically treated with implant removal and debridement of the surrounding necrotic bone. Complete wound healing was observed in 85% of cases.

Conclusions

The presence of dental implants in patients treated with antiresorptive drugs should be considered as a potential risk factor for MRONJ onset. In cases of periimplantitis with delayed wound healing following nonsurgical therapy, the clinician should rule out the presence of Pi‐MRONJ.
Solubility of additive forms of twice odd degree over totally ramified extensions of Q2$\mathbb {Q}_2$
Authors: Duncan Drew
Published: July 2024

We prove that an additive form of degree , odd over any totally ramified extension of has a nontrivial zero if the number of variables satisfies .
Modeling the Solar Cells Temperature and Power Output From Photovoltaic Panels Under Dusty Conditions
Authors: Abd-Elhady M.S. , Fazila A.R.A. , Kandil H.A. , Khalil T. , Dahlhaus D.
Published: July 2024

Almost all available power and temperature models of photo voltaic (PV) panels can only predict the power output and the cell temperature under clean conditions. The objective of this research is to study the effect of dust accumulation on the solar cells temperature as well as to model the solar cells temperature and the power output from PV panels under dusty conditions. An experimental setup has been developed in this study, which consists of a PV panel that contains two thermocouples embedded inside the panel, in order to measure the cells' temperatures. The cells temperatures, solar irradiance received by the panel, and the power output from the panel have been measured for five consecutive weeks in Cairo, Egypt. The actual solar irradiance received by the cells, i.e., Gcell, was calculated using the power model of PV panels. Afterward, the cell temperature was calculated based on the cells temperature model and the actual solar irradiance received by the cells. It has been found that the difference between the measured and the calculated cell temperature was not more than 3.71% during the time of experiments. Therefore, it can be concluded that the influence of dust on the power output as well as the cell temperature can be calculated using the power model and the cell temperature model under clean conditions, but the solar irradiance in these models should be replaced by the actual solar irradiance received by the cells, i.e., Gcell.
La reconfiguración identitaria del Sur-austral chileno. Banderas y otros símbolos mapuche en las costas de Calbuco, Chiloé y Patagonia
Authors: Saavedra Gallo Gonzalo , Bello Álvaro
Published: July 2024

En este artículo analizamos el proceso de construcción y reconstrucción identitaria que tiene lugar en las costas sur-australes de Chile, en el marco de la creación formal de asociaciones y comunidades indígenas, incluyendo la solicitud de espacios marinos costeros de pueblos originarios. Recurriendo a estrategias etnográficas y a literatura especializada, problematizamos la puesta en escena de nomenclaturas y simbolismos indígenas —en particular banderas mapuche— como correlato político-ideacional del proceso en cuestión. Advertimos que las demandas territoriales en el espacio marino costero sur-austral tienen un aspecto instrumental que se superpone a las narrativas identitarias mapuche, las cuales parecen derivar más de acciones o proyectos políticos deliberados que de una memoria social anclada en una consciencia histórica de vida indígena.
La raison lexicographique. Découverte des langues et origine de l’anthropologie, de Alexandre Surrallés
Authors: Ventura i Oller Montserrat
Published: July 2024

Este libro, galardonado en 2024 con el Premio Georges Dumézil de l’Académie Française, explica la revolución producida con la llegada de la modernidad por la gramaticalización y lexicalización del lenguaje. Una revolución comparable a la que Jack Goody atribuyó al origen de la escritura —en una obra traducida al francés precisamente por La raison Graphique—, y a la revolución atribuible actualmente a su digitalización. Los diccionarios bilingües de finales del siglo XV y su posterior transformación en monolingües son materializaciones escritas de una forma peculiar de ordenar el conocimiento y por ende el pensamiento, lo que el autor llama «la razón lexicográfica». Una razón nacida a raíz del descubrimiento de la formidable diversidad lingüística amerindia y el consiguiente colapso de la tesis bíblica del origen del lenguaje como don divino. Alexandre Surrallés, director de estudios en la École des hautes études en sciences sociales de París, lo explica en una introducción que invita a entrar en esta revelación intelectual del origen de la antropología. Aunque otros trabajos históricos han situado la proto-antropología en el descubrimiento de los pueblos de América por Occidente, este lo sitúa más precisamente en el impacto que tuvo la estructura constitutiva de sus lenguas y su correlación con una visión del mundo específica, en la labor de los lexicógrafos-misioneros. A nuestro modo de ver, esta es la revolución de este libro.
Echo-aware room impulse response generation
Authors: Kim Seongrae , Yoo Jae-hyoun , Choi Jung-Woo
Published: July 2024

In real-time applications, like interactive virtual reality environments, there is a significant need for low-complexity simulation of room impulse responses in highly complex virtual scenes, but this remains a challenging issue. In particular, simulating late reverberation using physically based acoustic modeling requires much computational effort, contrary to the early reflections that can be modeled by simpler techniques, e.g., the image source method. To tackle this computational complexity issue, we propose a neural network-based hybrid artificial reverberation framework (Echo2Reverb) that generates late reverberation from given early reflections. The proposed model can control both temporal texture and frequency-dependent energy decay, i.e., echo density and spectral energy distribution, of the generated reverberations by extracting spectral and echo-related features and filtering sampled sparse sequences and Gaussian noises using estimated features. To support the end-to-end training with controlled echo density, a differentiable approximation of the normalized echo density profile is proposed. We train and test the model not only for nearly diffuse but also distinct echoes prominent in late reverberations, such as with flutter echoes in narrow corridors. Evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed model can accurately reproduce frequency-dependent energy decay and temporal texture of a room impulse response using only early reflections.
Coaching Psychology in Athletic Bilbao: The Story From Its Beginnings
Authors: O’Neill John , Campbell Mark J. , Sherwin Ian
Published: July 2024

Athletic Bilbao, also known by its more correct name of Athletic Club, is a professional football club based in Bilbao, in the Basque Country of Spain. Since 1912, it has adhered to its policy of only allowing players from the Basque Country to play for them. This system is known as cantera, from the word for quarry, meaning treating players from the surrounding area as a valuable resource to be extracted and moulded. Despite the self-imposed limitation of this unwritten rule, Athletic Bilbao is one of only three clubs to have never been relegated from LaLiga, along with Real Madrid and Barcelona. Here, we look at how psychology was developed in the club toward developing home-grown players, which became known as La Mirada (“The Gaze” in Spanish). A key perspective of how La Mirada developed over time was to address coaches’ mindsets before those of the players, especially because coaches often felt that their learning was going to be an upward trajectory by relying on what had given them results in other clubs. This Practical Advance paper explores this distinctive journey of psychology with examples from what was themed the lights and shadows of coaches’ and players’ learning development in Athletic Bilbao.
From Exploitative Systems to Exploitative Relationships: A Black Feminist Intervention to Scholarship on Exploitation in College Athletics
Authors: Ofoegbu Ezinne D.
Published: July 2024

This essay introduces interpersonal exploitation in Black women’s relationships in U.S. Division I college athletic environments. Interpersonal exploitation is a Black feminist-oriented analytical frame for exploring how relationships across various levels and systems contribute to the exploitation of Black women and other similarly situated populations in U.S. college athletics. Drawing from existing research, this essay describes how and why scholars, policymakers, and practitioners can use this analytical frame to explore how relationships, and systems that inform these relationships, sustain conditions in which athletes and professionals can be systematically exploited. Addressing exploitation is vital to restore college athletics’ integrity, emphasizing its educational role, and prioritizing well-being.
The kinase ITK controls a Ca
2+
-mediated switch that balances T
H
17 and T
reg
cell differentiation
Authors: Anannya Orchi , Huang Weishan , August Avery
Published: July 2024

The balance of proinflammatory T helper type 17 (T
H
17) and anti-inflammatory T regulatory (T
reg
) cells is crucial for immune homeostasis in health and disease. The differentiation of naïve CD4
+
T cells into T
H
17 and T
reg
cells depends on T cell receptor (TCR) signaling mediated, in part, by interleukin-2–inducible T cell kinase (ITK), which stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Ca
2+
signaling. Here, we report that, in the absence of ITK activity, naïve murine CD4
+
T cells cultured under T
H
17-inducing conditions expressed the T
reg
transcription factor Foxp3 and did not develop into T
H
17 cells. Furthermore, ITK inhibition in vivo during allergic inflammation increased the T
reg
:T
H
17 ratio in the lung. These switched Foxp3
+
T
reg
-like cells had suppressive function, and their transcriptomic profile resembled that of differentiated, induced T
reg
(iT
reg
) cells, but their chromatin accessibility profiles were intermediate between T
H
17 and iT
reg
cells. Like iT
reg
cells, switched Foxp3
+
T
reg
-like cells had reductions in the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, in the activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, and in the abundance of the T
H
17 pioneer transcription factor BATF. This ITK-dependent switch between T
H
17 and T
reg
cells depended on Ca
2+
signaling but not on MAPKs. These findings suggest potential strategies for fine-tuning TCR signal strength through ITK to control the balance of T
H
17 and T
reg
cells.
Pseudorabies virus infection increases the permeability of the mammalian respiratory barrier to facilitate
Pasteurella multocida
infection
Authors: Zhang Dajun , Lin Lin , Yang Jie , Lv Qingjie , Wang Mixue , Hua Lin , Zhang Keshan , Chen Huanchun , Wu Bin , Peng Zhong
Published: July 2024

Interaction between viruses and bacteria during the development of infectious diseases is a complex question that requires continuous study. In this study, we explored the interactions between pseudorabies virus (PRV) and
Pasteurella multocida
(PM), which are recognized as the primary and secondary agents of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), respectively.
In vivo
tests using mouse models demonstrated that intranasal inoculation with PRV at a sublethal dose induced disruption of murine respiratory barrier and promoted the invasion and damages caused by PM through respiratory infection. Inoculation with PRV also disrupted the barrier function of murine and porcine respiratory epithelial cells, and accelerated the adherence and invasion of PM to the cells. In mechanism, PRV infection resulted in decreased expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin) and adherens junction proteins (β-catenin, E-cadherin) between neighboring respiratory epithelial cells. Additionally, PRV inoculation at an early stage downregulated multiple biological processes contributing to epithelial adhesion and barrier functions while upregulating signals beneficial for respiratory barrier disruption (e.g., the HIF-1α signaling). Furthermore, PRV infection also stimulated the upregulation of cellular receptors (CAM5, ICAM2, ACAN, and DSCAM) that promote bacterial adherence. The data presented in this study provide insights into the understanding of virus-bacteria interactions in PRDC and may also contribute to understanding the mechanisms of secondary infections caused by different respiratory viruses (e.g., influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2) in both medical and veterinary medicine.

IMPORTANCE

Co-infections caused by viral and bacterial agents are common in both medical and veterinary medicine, but the related mechanisms are not fully understood. This study investigated the interactions between the zoonotic pathogens PRV and PM during the development of respiratory infections in both cell and mouse models, and reported the possible mechanisms which included: (i) the primary infection of PRV may induce the disruption and/or damage of mammal respiratory barrier, thereby contributing to the invasion of PM; (ii) PRV infection at early stage accelerates the transcription and/or expression of several cellular receptors that are beneficial for bacterial adherence. This study may shed a light on understanding the mechanisms on the secondary infection of PM promoted by different respiratory viruses (e.g., influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2) in both medical and veterinary medicine.
Study on the metabolic changes and regulatory mechanism of
Aspergillus flavus
conidia germination
Authors: Jia Sifan , Li Chong , An Yu , Qi Desheng
Published: July 2024

Aspergillus flavus
conidia are widespread in air; they attach to food and feed crops and secrete aflatoxins, which results in serious contamination. Germination of
A. flavus
conidia is the most critical step in contamination of food by
A. flavus
. This study aims to gain an insight into
A. flavus
conidia through dormancy to germination to provide a theoretical basis for inhibition of
A. flavus
conidia germination. The morphological changes and regulation mechanism of
A. flavus
conidia germination at 0, 4, 8, and 12 hours were observed. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that conidia became active from dormancy (0 hour) to the initial stage of germination (4 hours), cellular respiration and energy metabolism increased, and amino acids and lipids were synthesized rapidly. The number of differentially expressed genes and differential metabolites was highest at this stage. Besides, we found that conidia germination had selectivity for different carbon and nitrogen sources. Compared with monosaccharides, disaccharides, as the only carbon source, significantly promoted the germination of conidia. Moreover,
MepA
, one of genes in the ammonium transporter family was studied. The gene deletion mutant
ΔMepA
had a significant growth defect, and the expression of
MeaA
was significantly upregulated in
ΔMepA
compared with the wild-type, indicating that both
MepA
and
MeaA
played an important role in transporting ammonium ions.

IMPORTANCE

This is the first study to use combined transcriptomic and metabolomics analyses to explore the biological changes during germination of
Aspergillus flavus
conidia. The biological process with the highest changes occurred in 0–4 hours at the initial stage of germination. Compared with polysaccharides, monosaccharides significantly increased the size of conidia, while significantly decreasing the germination rate of conidia. Both MeaA and MepA were involved in ammonia transport and metabolism during conidia germination.
Emergence of plasmid-borne
tet
(X4) resistance gene in clinical isolate of eravacycline- and omadacycline-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
ST485
Authors: Liu Xiaojing , Liu Yi , Ma Xiaohan , Chen Ruyan , Li Chenyu , Fu Hongxin , Yang Yu , Guo Kexin , Zhang Xiaoping , Liu Ruishan , Xu Hao , Zhu Junfei , Zheng Beiwen
Published: July 2024

Omadacycline and eravacycline are gradually being used as new tetracycline antibiotics for the clinical treatment of Gram-negative pathogens. Affected by various tetracycline-inactivating enzymes, there have been reports of resistance to eravacycline and omadacycline in recent years. We isolated a strain carrying the mobile tigecycline resistance gene
tet
(X4) from the feces of a patient in Zhejiang Province, China. The strain belongs to the rare ST485 sequence type. The isolate was identified as
Klebsiella pneumoniae
by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The MICs of antimicrobial agents were determined using either the agar dilution method or the micro broth dilution method. The result showed that the isolate was resistant to eravacycline (MIC = 32 mg/L), omadacycline (MIC > 64 mg/L), and tigecycline (MIC > 32 mg/L). Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the
tet
(X4) resistance gene is located on the IncFII(pCRY) conjugative plasmid.
tet
(X4) is flanked by IS
Vsa3
, and we hypothesize that this association contributes to the spread of the resistance gene. Plasmids were analyzed by S1-nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE), Southern blotting, and electrotransformation experiment. We successfully transferred the plasmid carrying
tet
(X4) to the recipient bacteria by electrotransformation experiment. Compared with the DH-5α, the MICs of the transformant L3995-DH5α were increased by eight-fold for eravacycline and two-fold higher for omadacycline. Overall, the emergence of plasmid-borne
tet
(X4) resistance gene in a clinical isolate of
K. pneumoniae
ST485 underscores the essential requirement for the ongoing monitoring of
tet
(X4) to prevent and control its further dissemination in China.

IMPORTANCE

There are still limited reports on
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strains harboring tetracycline-resistant genes in China, and
K. pneumoniae
L3995hy adds a new example to those positive for the
tet
(X4) gene. Importantly, our study raises concerns that plasmid-mediated resistance to omadacycline and eravacycline may spread further to a variety of ecological and clinical pathogens, limiting the choice of medication for extensively drug-resistant bacterial infections. Therefore, it is important to continue to monitor the prevalence and spread of
tet
(X4) and other tetracyclines resistance genes in
K. pneumoniae
and diverse bacterial populations.
Numerical investigations of heat transfer augmentation in a microchannel heat sink with different shaped periodic reentrant cavities on channel sidewalls
Authors: Yu Tingfang , Guo Xing , Tang Yicun
Published: July 2024

Microchannel heat sink is widely applied in high-density heat flux devices for its high efficiency in heat dissipation. However, the most effective geometrical configuration of microchannels for best heat transfer augmentation with least pump power penalty is still unknown. In this research, the heat transfer augmentation in a microchannel heat sink with different shaped periodic reentrant cavities on channel sidewalls are numerically studied. Three different kinds of channel structures are introduced, including convex quarter-circular, concave quarter-circular, and inclined shaped reentrant cavities. The comprehensive performances of the proposed microchannels are compared with that of the smooth straight channel, with respect to the pressure drop, friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and performance factor. The results indicate that the comprehensive performance of the microchannel heat sink with periodic reentrant cavities is superior to the smooth straight channel, because its reentrant cavities can strengthen the mixing of fluids and lower the pressure loss. The proposed microchannels can enhance the heat transfer by 1.7 times, reduce the pressure drop by 3.7%–22.4% at Re 648.2, with the heat transfer entropy production decreased by 15.9%–48.2%. The inclined shaped microchannel has the best overall performance factor among the three proposed channels, which achieves up to 1.59 at Re 648.2.
Constraining dark photon parameters based on the very high energy observations of blazars
Authors: Liu Tian-Ci , Lu Ming-Xuan , Hu Xiao-Song
Published: July 2024

Dark photon is a new gauge boson beyond the Standard Model as a kind of dark matter (DM) candidate. Dark photon dark matter (DPDM) interacts with electromagnetic fields via kinetic mixing, implicating an approach to give a constraint with extragalactic very high energy (VHE) sources. In this work, we attempt to constrain the kinetic mixing from the photon-dark photon scattering process in the host galaxy of blazar, the intergalactic medium and the Milky Way. The VHE photons from a blazar would pass through a dense DM spike around the supermassive black hole where the absorption from DPDM is dramatically enhanced. The kinetic mixing is constrained to be $$\epsilon \sim 10^{-7}$$

ϵ
∼

10

-
7

at a 95$$\%$$
%
confidence level with $$m_\textrm{D}\sim 0.03 {-} 1$$

m
D

∼
0.03
-
1

eV mass range from the observations of Markarian (Mrk) 421 and Mrk 501.
Multi-criteria Decision Analysis for Route Alignment Planning Using Geographical Information System (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: SINGH Mukund Pratap , SINGH Pitam , SINGH Priyamvada
Published: July 2024

Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) typically involves pairwise comparisons to establish the relative importance of criteria and alternatives. This study can verify these comparisons through consistency checks to ensure that respondents provide reliable and consistent judgments. The proposed model is implemented to evaluate the optimum route alignment between two locations, for the outer area of Allahabad City, India. The optimal route obtained is the path with minimum cost in the alignment decision and it meets all the factors related to environmental, technical, social, and economic criteria. Four alternative route alignments arise. Based on multi-criteria evaluation, four alignments are compared and one of the optimal route alignments is selected. A multi-criteria evaluation is performed to compare the four routes’ alignment using AHP and surface cost analysis. The technical route alignment with the highest priority index of 0.297956 with a minimum cost of 4,619 units is finally considered as optimum route alignment.
A Survey of Trustworthy Federated Learning: Issues, Solutions, and Challenges
Authors: Zhang Yifei , Zeng Dun , Luo Jinglong , Fu Xinyu , Chen Guanzhong , Xu Zenglin , King Irwin
Published: July 2024

Trustworthy artificial intelligence (TAI) has proven invaluable in curbing potential negative repercussions tied to AI applications. Within the TAI spectrum, federated learning (FL) emerges as a promising solution to safeguard personal information in distributed settings across a multitude of practical contexts. However, the realm of FL is not without its challenges. Especially worrisome are adversarial attacks targeting its algorithmic robustness and systemic confidentiality. Moreover, the presence of biases and opacity in prediction outcomes further complicates FL’s broader adoption. Consequently, there is a growing expectation for FL to instill trust. To address this, we chart out a comprehensive road-map for
Trustworthy Federated Learning (TFL)
and provide an overview of existing efforts across four pivotal dimensions:
Privacy and Security
,
Robustness
,
Fairness
, and
Explainability
. For each dimension, we identify potential pitfalls that might undermine TFL and present a curated selection of defensive strategies, enriched by a discourse on technical solutions tailored for TFL. Furthermore, we present potential challenges and future directions to be explored for in-depth TFL research with broader impacts.
Data Farming the Parameters of Simulation-Optimization Solvers
Authors: Shashaani Sara , Eckman David , Sanchez Susan
Published: July 2024

The performance of a simulation-optimization algorithm, a.k.a. a solver, depends on its parameter settings. Much of the research to date has focused on how a solver’s parameters affect its convergence and other asymptotic behavior. While these results are important for providing a theoretical understanding of a solver, they can be of limited utility to a user who must set up and run the solver on a particular problem. When running a solver in practice, good finite-time performance is paramount. In this article, we explore the relationship between a solver’s parameter settings and its finite-time performance by adopting a data farming approach. The approach involves conducting and analyzing the outputs of a designed experiment wherein the factors are the solver’s parameters and the responses are assorted performance metrics measuring the solver’s speed and solution quality over time. We demonstrate this approach with a study of the ASTRO-DF solver when solving a stochastic activity network problem and an inventory control problem. Through these examples, we show that how some of the solver’s parameters are set greatly affects its ability to achieve rapid, reliable progress and gain insights into the solver’s inner workings. We discuss the implications of using this framework for tuning solver parameters, as well as for addressing related questions of interest to solver specialists and generalists.
Causal Inconsistencies Are Normal in Windows Memory Dumps (Too)
Authors: Rzepka Lisa , Ottmann Jenny , Freiling Felix , Baier Harald
Published: July 2024

Main memory contains valuable information for criminal investigations, e.g., process information or keys for disk encryption. Taking snapshots of memory is therefore common practice during a digital forensic examination. Inconsistencies in such memory dumps can, however, hamper their analysis. In this article, we perform a systematic assessment of causal inconsistencies in memory dumps taken on a Windows 10 machine using the kernel-level acquisition tool WinPmem. We use two approaches to measure the quantity of inconsistencies in Windows 10: (1) causal inconsistencies within self-injected memory data structures using a known methodology transferred from the Linux operating system, and (2) inconsistencies in the memory management data structures of the Windows kernel using a novel measurement technique based on properties of the virtual address descriptor (VAD) tree. Our evaluation is based on a dataset of more than 180 memory dumps. As a central result, both types of inconsistency measurement reveal that a high number of inconsistencies is the norm rather than the exception. We also correlate workload and execution time of the memory acquisition tool to the number of inconsistencies in the respective memory snapshot. By controlling these factors it is possible to (somewhat) control the level of inconsistencies in Windows memory dumps.
Topic-Centric Explanations for News Recommendation
Authors: Liu Dairui , Greene Derek , Li Irene , Jiang Xuefei , Dong Ruihai
Published: July 2024

News recommender systems (NRS) have been widely applied for online news websites to help users find relevant articles based on their interests. Recent methods have demonstrated considerable success in terms of recommendation performance. However, the lack of explanation for these recommendations can lead to mistrust among users and lack of acceptance of recommendations. To address this issue, we propose a new explainable news model to construct a topic-aware explainable recommendation approach that can both accurately identify relevant articles and explain why they have been recommended, using information from associated topics. Additionally, our model incorporates two coherence metrics applied to assess topic quality, providing a measure of the interpretability of these explanations. The results of our experiments on the MIND (MIcrosoft News Dataset) indicate that the proposed explainable NRS outperforms several other baseline systems, while it is also capable of producing interpretable topics measured by coherence metrics. Furthermore, we present a case study through real-world examples showcasing the usefulness of our NRS for generating explanations.
Speeding Up Genetic Improvement via Regression Test Selection
Authors: Guizzo Giovani , Williams David , Harman Mark , Petke Justyna , Sarro Federica
Published: July 2024

Genetic Improvement (GI) uses search-based optimisation algorithms to automatically improve software with respect to both functional and non-functional properties. Our previous work showed that Regression Test Selection (RTS) can help speed up the use of GI and enhance the overall results while not affecting the software system’s validity. This article expands upon our investigation by answering further questions about safety and applying a GI algorithm based on Local Search (LS) in addition to the previously explored Genetic Programming (GP) approach. Further, we extend the number of subjects to 12 by analysing five larger real-world open-source programs. We empirically compare two state-of-the-art RTS techniques combined with GP and LS for these 12 programs. The results show that both RTS techniques are safe to use and can reduce the cost of GI by up to 80% and by 31% on average across programs. We also observe that both search-based algorithms impact the effectiveness gains of GI differently, and that various RTS strategies achieve differing gains in terms of efficiency. These results serve as further evidence that RTS must be used as a core component of the GI search process to maximise its effectiveness and efficiency.
A Tale of Many H0
Authors: Verde Licia , Schöneberg Nils , Gil-Marín Héctor
Published: July 2024

▪The Hubble parameter, H
0, is not an univocally defined quantity: It relates redshifts to distances in the near Universe, but it is also a key parameter of the ΛCDM standard cosmological model. As such, H
0 affects several physical processes at different cosmic epochs and multiple observables. We have counted more than a dozen H
0s that are expected to agree if (a) there are no significant systematics in the data and their interpretation and (b) the adopted cosmological model is correct.▪With few exceptions (proverbially confirming the rule), these determinations do not agree at high statistical significance; their values cluster around two camps: the low (68 km s1 Mpc1) and high (73 km s1 Mpc1) camps. It appears to be a matter of anchors. The shape of the Universe expansion history agrees with the model; it is the normalizations that disagree.▪Beyond systematics in the data/analysis, if the model is incorrect, there are only two viable ways to “fix” it: by changing the early time (z ≳ 1,100) physics and, thus, the early time normalization or by a global modification, possibly touching the model's fundamental assumptions (e.g., homogeneity, isotropy, gravity). None of these three options has the consensus of the community.▪The research community has been actively looking for deviations from ΛCDM for two decades; the one we might have found makes us wish we could put the genie back in the bottle.
Differential Stroke Volume between Left and Right Ventricles as a Predictor of Clinical Outcomes: The MESA Study
Authors: Abdollahi Ashkan , Kato Yoko , Bakhshi Hooman , Varadarajan Vinithra , Chehab Omar , Zeitoun Ralph , Ostovaneh Mohammad R. , Wu Colin O. , Bertoni Alain G. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Ambale-Venkatesh Bharath , Bluemke David A. , Lima João A. C.
Published: July 2024

Differences between left and right ventricular stroke volumes of greater than 30 mL per heartbeat can be detected among asymptomatic individuals in a general population and are associated with adverse clinical outcomes.
Choline-deficient, high-fat diet-induced MASH in Göttingen Minipigs: characterization and effects of a chow reversal period
Authors: Hvid Henning , Hjuler Sara T. , Bedossa Pierre , Tiniakos Dina G. , Kamzolas Ioannis , Harder Lea M. , Xue Yaxin , Perfield James W. , Kirk Rikke K. , Latta Markus , Mikkelsen Lars F. , Pedersen Henrik D. ,   LITMUS Investigators
Published: July 2024

The physiology and metabolism of pigs have a relatively high resemblance to humans. This study characterizes a new animal model of MASLD/MASH using CDAHFD-fed Göttingen Minipigs. Göttingen Minipigs fed CDAHFD gained weight and developed hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. After an 11-wk chow-reversal period, hepatic steatosis and some inflammatory parameters reversed. Combined evaluation of phenotypic, transcriptional, and histological parameters revealed the minipig model showed a higher resemblance to human disease than many rodent models.
Food Safety Practices of Food Handlers and Microbial Quality of Food Served at Food Establishments of Academic Institutions in Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Gebru Shifare Berhe , Gebremeskel Bisrat , Tafere Getachew Redae
Published: July 2024

Background. Even though foodborne illness is a worldwide concern, it is devastating in developing countries such as Ethiopia. Objectives. The objective of this study was to assess the food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices of food handlers and the microbial profiles of food served at food establishments associated with Mekelle University in Ethiopia. Methods. A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 332 food handlers working in food establishments at Mekelle University from January to May 2020. Quantitative data were collected using a structured interviewer‐administered questionnaire and an observational checklist. Moreover, a total of 30 cooked food samples and 33 hand swab samples from 10% of the selected food handlers were collected to evaluate the microbial profile of the food. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the outcome variables. Results. In this study, 79.5%, 55.4%, and 37.7% of the food handlers had good knowledge, a positive attitude, and good practices towards food safety, respectively. Their poor self‐reported food safety practices were clearly observed during their actual practices. The microbial profile result revealed that Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were identified in 13 (39%) and 27 (82%) of the food handlers’ hand swabs, respectively. Conclusion. This study indicated that food handlers working at these food establishments had poor attitudes and practices towards food safety and the microbial count of food samples was generally higher than the food safety standard. The safety of the food being produced and served in these restaurants will be greatly improved by regular supervision and retraining.
The Correlation between Lung Ultrasound and Pathology in Rat Model of Monocrotaline‐Induced Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Zhong Yan-Fen , Liang Bin-Bin , Zhang Xiao-Feng , Ji-Wu
Published: July 2024

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive and complex pulmonary vascular disease with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to provide a new understanding of the lung pathology of disease and a noninvasive method in monitoring the establishment of animal models for basic and clinical studies of PH, indeed to explore clinical application value of lung ultrasound for patients with PH. Totally 32 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, MCT (monocrotaline) group, PDTC (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate) group, and NS (normal saline) group. Rats in the MCT group, PDTC group, and NS group received single intraperitoneal injection of MCT, while the control group received the same dose of NS. Then, PDTC group and NS group received PDTC and NS daily for treatment at the end of the model. Each group received lung ultrasound examination and measurement of pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). Then, the rats were sacrificed to take the lung specimens to being observed. The ultrasound and pathological results were analyzed with a semiquantitative score. With the pulmonary artery pressure increases, the MCT group had a higher pulmonary ultrasound score and pathological score compared with the control group (p < 0.05). After PDTC treatment, the pulmonary ultrasound score and the pathological score decline (p < 0.05). We investigated both lung ultrasound scores, and the pathological scores were positively correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) (both r > 0.8, p < 0.0001). Moreover, lung ultrasound scores were positively correlated with pathological scores (r > 0.8, p < 0.0001). We elucidated lung ultrasound evaluation providing more evidence for the management of PH in the rat model. Moreover, lung ultrasound provided a noninvasive method in monitoring the establishment of animal models for basic and clinical studies of PH.
Supplementary Video S1 from P-MartCancer–Interactive Online Software to Enable Analysis of Shotgun Cancer Proteomic Datasets
Authors: Webb-Robertson Bobbie-Jo M. , Bramer Lisa M. , Jensen Jeffrey L. , Kobold Markus A. , Stratton Kelly G. , White Amanda M. , Rodland Karin D.
Published: July 2024

 Example of P-MartCancer workflow on example dataset demonstrating nearly all of P-MartCancer functionality.
Supplementary Protocol S1 from A Phase II Trial of the WEE1 Inhibitor Adavosertib in SETD2-Altered Advanced Solid Tumor Malignancies (NCI 10170)
Authors: Maldonado Edward , Rathmell W. Kimryn , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Takebe Naoko , Rodon Jordi , Mahalingam Devalingam , Trikalinos Nikolaos A. , Kalebasty Arash R. , Parikh Mamta , Boerner Scott A. , Balido Celene , Krings Gregor , Burns Timothy F. , Bergsland Emily K. , Munster Pamela N. , Ashworth Alan , LoRusso Patricia , Aggarwal Rahul R.
Published: July 2024

Supplementary Protocol S1 shows the entire clinical trial protocol to supplement the Materials and Methods section.
Supplementary Figure S3 from A Phase II Trial of the WEE1 Inhibitor Adavosertib in SETD2-Altered Advanced Solid Tumor Malignancies (NCI 10170)
Authors: Maldonado Edward , Rathmell W. Kimryn , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Takebe Naoko , Rodon Jordi , Mahalingam Devalingam , Trikalinos Nikolaos A. , Kalebasty Arash R. , Parikh Mamta , Boerner Scott A. , Balido Celene , Krings Gregor , Burns Timothy F. , Bergsland Emily K. , Munster Pamela N. , Ashworth Alan , LoRusso Patricia , Aggarwal Rahul R.
Published: July 2024

Supplementary Figure S3 shows all 8 patients with H3K36me3 IHC analysis. (A) Cohort A: Other Solid Tumor. (B) Cohort B: ccRCC. Images are at 40x power. Of note, the portal did not allow for uploading of a TIFF file alone as a "supplemental data" file, so the image included in this document is a TIFF file. We can easily provide the TIFF file if needed as well.
Anti-HDGF Antibody Targets EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor–Tolerant Cells in NSCLC Patient-Derived Xenografts
Authors: Zhou Cindy Q. , Li Ariel , Ri Kaoru , Sultan Ahmed S. , Ren Hening
Published: July 2024

Constitutively active mutant EGFR is one of the major oncogenic drivers in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Targeted therapy using EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is a first-line option in patients that have metastatic or recurring disease. However, despite the high response rate to TKI, most patients have a partial response, and the disease eventually progresses in 10 to 19 months. It is believed that drug-tolerant cells that survive TKI exposure during the progression-free period facilitate the emergence of acquired resistance. Thus, targeting the drug-tolerant cells could improve the treatment of NSCLC with EGFR mutations. We demonstrated here that EGFR-mutant patient-derived xenograft tumors responded partially to osimertinib despite near-complete inhibition of EGFR activation. Signaling in AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways could be reactivated shortly after initial inhibition. As a result, many tumor cells escaped drug killing and regained growth following about 35 days of continuous osimertinib dosing. However, when an antibody to hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) was given concurrently with osimertinib, tumors showed complete or near-complete responses. There was significant prolongation of progression-free survival of tumor-bearing mice as well. IHC and Western blot analysis of tumors collected in the early stages of treatment suggest that increased suppression of the AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways could be a mechanism that results in enhanced efficacy of osimertinib when it is combined with an anti-HDGF antibody.

Significance:

These results suggest that HDGF could be critically involved in promoting tolerance to TKI in patient-derived xenografts of NSCLC tumors. Blocking HDGF signaling could be a potential means to enhance EGFR-targeted therapy of NSCLC that warrants further advanced preclinical and clinical studies.
Intracranial Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Sin Eui Gyu , Lee Junguee
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Inflammatory pseudotumor encompasses a broad range of non-neoplastic and neoplastic entities, including inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs). Because it is a rare mesenchymal tumor of unknown etiology and pathogenesis, and its clinical symptoms and radiologic features are not distinctive, intracranial IMT could be misdiagnosed as other extra-axial tumors. Here, we present a case of intracranial IMT suspected to be a brain abscess. Case Presentation: In this case, a 73-year-old woman presented headaches, nausea, and vertigo. Brain computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging showed 4 × 3 cm sized oval rim-enhanced lesion on the left cerebellopontine angle. Considering the patient’s history of otitis media and CT findings, we hypothesized that this lesion was a chronic brain abscess. The initial burr hole drain surgery was unsuccessful because there was no abscess, leading to a second radical excision surgery. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses eventually revealed a final diagnosis of intracranial IMT. Conclusion: Intracranial IMT is a rare disease with unknown pathogenesis. Diagnosis primarily depends on histopathological and immunohistochemistry analyses. As observed in our case, this disease may be mistaken for meningiomas, solitary fibrous tumors, or chronic abscesses due to its rare occurrence.
Side Effects’ Frequency Assessment of Low Dose Oral Minoxidil in Male Androgenetic Alopecia Patients
Authors: Bloch Leila David , Dantas Carlos Rafaelly Mayara
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Hair loss is a very common complaint in dermatologists’ offices, requiring the use of proven safe and effective therapies to improve the condition without jeopardizing patients’ health and well-being. Methods: We selected 100 male patients with androgenetic alopecia beginning treatment with low dose oral minoxidil to observe incidence and frequency of side effects. Results: The side-effects/symptoms observed in the assessed patients included body and facial hypertrichosis (most incidents), lower legs edema, periorbital edema, fatigue, tachycardia, and insomnia. Dizziness, hypotension, respiratory changes, and diarrhea were expected although not found in the assessed participants. No life-threatening adverse effects were observed. Conclusion: The doses administered in current research of oral minoxidil presented good safety profile as hair loss treatment, with the most incident side-effect being related to hypertrichosis. Systemic side-effects were infrequent.
Adult Moyamoya disease and moyamoya syndrome: what’s new?
Authors: Uchiyama Shinichiro , Fujimura Miki
Published: July 2024

Background
Recent advances are in the genetics, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of moyamoya disease (MMD), and moyamoya syndrome (MMS), a term used to describe moyamoya-like vasculopathy associated with various systemic diseases or conditions.
Summary
Ring finger protein (RNF 213) has been reported to be a susceptibility gene not only for MMD, but also for atherosclerotic intracranial arterial stenosis and ischemic stroke attributable to large artery atherosclerosis. The latest guidelines by the Research Committee on MMD of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare, removed limitations of the previous definition that required bilateral involvement of the intracranial carotid artery to make the diagnosis, given the increasing evidence of progression to bilateral involvement in unilateral MMD. 3-dimensional constructive interference in steady-state MRI is useful for the differential diagnosis of MMD from atherosclerosis. Recent advances in the pathophysiology of MMD suggest that genetic and environmental factors play important roles in vascular angiogenesis and remodeling via complex mechanisms. The latest Japanese Guidelines and American Scientific Statement described that antiplatelet therapy can be considered reasonable. Endovascular interventional stent placement fails to prevent ischemic events and does not halt MMD progression. In the Japan Adult Moyamoya trial, a randomized controlled trial for bilateral extracranial-intracranial direct bypass versus conservative therapy in patients with MMD, who had intracranial hemorrhage, recurrent bleeding, completed stroke or crescendo transient ischemic attack was significantly fewer with direct bypass than with conservative care.
Key Messages
This review presents updated information on genetics, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment of adult MMD and MMS. Despite recent advances, many mysteries still exist in the etiologies of moyamoya vasculopathy. The diagnostic criteria and treatment guidelines have been updated, but not yet been globally established. Ongoing and future studies investigating underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of MMD and MMS may clarify potentially effective medical, surgical, or endovascular treatments.