bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of geriatric comanagement (GC) in geriatric trauma patients treated in a level 1 trauma setting: A comparison of data before and after the implementation of a certified geriatric trauma center
Authors: Halvachizadeh Sascha , Gröbli Lea , Berk Till , Jensen Kai Oliver , Hierholzer Christian , Bischoff-Ferrari Heike A. , Pfeifer Roman , Pape Hans-Christoph
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Improvements in life expectancy imply that an increase of geriatric trauma patients occurs. These patients require special attention due to their multiple comorbidity issues. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the implementation of geriatric comanagement (GC) on the allocation and clinical outcome of geriatric trauma patients.

Methods

This observational cohort study aims to compare the demographic development and the clinical outcome in geriatric trauma patients (aged 70 years and older) before and after implementation of a certified geriatric trauma center (GC). Geriatric trauma patients admitted between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2010 were stratified to group pre-GC and admissions between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018 to Group post-GC. We excluded patients requiring end-of-life treatment and those who died within 24 h or due to severe traumatic brain injury. Outcome parameters included demographic changes, medical complexity (measured by American Society of Anaesthesiology Score (ASA) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)), in-hospital mortality and length of hospitalization.

Results

This study includes 626 patients in Group pre-GC (mean age 80.3 ± 6.7 years) and 841 patients in Group post-GC (mean age 81.1 ± 7.3 years). Group pre-GC included 244 (39.0%) males, group post-GC included 361 (42.9%) males. The mean CCI was 4.7 (± 1.8) points in pre-GC and 5.1 (± 2.0) points in post-GC (p <0.001). In Group pre-GC, 100 patients (16.0%) were stratified as ASA 1 compared with 47 patients (5.6%) in Group post-GC (p <0.001). Group pre-GC had significantly less patients stratified as ASA 3 or higher (n = 235, 37.5%) compared with Group post-GC (n = 389, 46.3%, p <0.001). Length of stay (LOS) decreased significantly from 10.4 (± 20.3) days in Group pre-GC to 7.9 (±22.9) days in Group post-GC (p = 0.011). The 30-day mortality rate was comparable amongst these groups (pre-GC 8.8% vs. post-GC 8.9%).

Conclusion

This study appears to support the implementation of a geriatric trauma center, as certain improvements in the patient care were found: Despite a higher CCI and a higher number of patients with higher ASA classifications, Hospital LOS, complication rates and mortality did were not increased after implementation of the CG. The increase in the case numbers supports the fact that a higher degree of specialization leads to a response by admitting physicians, as it exceeded the expectable trend of demographic ageing. We feel that a larger data base, hopefully in a multi center set up should be undertaken to verify these results.
Evaluation of vessel density in disorganization of retinal inner layers after resolved diabetic macular edema using optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Cennamo Gilda , Montorio Daniela , Fossataro Federica , Fossataro Claudia , Tranfa Fausto
Published: January 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the retinal vessel density (VD) in the macular region and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with and without disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRILs) after resolution of diabetic macular edema.

Methods

Thirty-seven eyes of 37 DRIL patients (mean age 63 ± 13.97 years), 30 eyes of 30 no DRIL patients and 35 eyes of 35 controls were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the VD in the macular region of superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP) and FAZ area.

Results

DRIL and no DRIL groups showed decreased VD in SCP and DCP (p<0.05) and a larger FAZ area (p<0.001) compared to controls. However, DRIL patients revealed a statistically significant reduction in VD of SCP (p = 0.041) and a greater FAZ area (p<0.001) with respect to no DRIL patients. We found a significant negative correlation between the VD of the foveal SCP (r = -0.414, p = 0.011), foveal DCP (r = -0.358, p = 0.025) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in DRIL group. Moreover there was a significant positive correlation between the FAZ area (r = 0.425, p = 0.034) and BCVA. Therefore, in presence of DRILs lower VD values of SCP and DCP and a larger FAZ area correlated with a worse visual acuity. In no DRILs group, there was a significant negative correlation between the VD of the foveal DCP and BCVA.

Conclusion

OCTA highlights the role of retinal vascular ischemia in the pathogenesis of DRILs. This parameter could represent an important functional predictive factor in diabetic patients.
Choosing important health outcomes for comparative effectiveness research: 6th annual update to a systematic review of core outcome sets for research
Authors: Gargon Elizabeth , Gorst Sarah L. , Matvienko-Sikar Karen , Williamson Paula R.
Published: January 2021

Background

An annual update to a systematic review of core outcome sets (COS) for research ensures that the COMET database is up-to-date. The aims of this study were to: (i) identify COS that were published or indexed in 2019 and to describe the methodological approaches used in these studies; (ii) investigate whether children have been included as participants in published COS development studies, and which methods have been used to facilitate their participation; iii) update a previous exercise to identify COS relevant to the most burdensome global diseases and injuries.

Methods

MEDLINE and SCOPUS were searched to identify studies published or indexed between (and inclusive of) January 2019 and December 2019. Automated screening methods were used to rank the citations in order of relevance; the top 25% in ranked priority order were screened for eligibility. COS were assessed against each of the Core Outcome Set-STAndards for Development (COS-STAD). A search of the COMET database was undertaken to identify COS relevant to the 25 leading causes of disease burden.

Results

Thirty-three studies, describing the development of 37 COS, were included in this update. These studies have been added to the COMET database, which now contains 370 published (1981–2019) COS studies for clinical research. Six (18%) of the 33 studies in this update were deemed to have met all of the minimum standards for COS development (range = 4 to 12 criteria, median = 9 criteria). Of the 370 COS studies published to date, 82 COS have been developed for paediatric health conditions and children would have been eligible to participate in 68/82 of these studies. Eleven of these 68 (16%) COS studies have included children as participants within the development process, most commonly through participation in Delphi surveys. Relevant COS were identified for 22/25 leading causes of global disease burden.

Conclusion

There has been a demonstrated increase in COS developed for both research and routine practice, and consistently high inclusion of patient participants. COS developed for paediatric conditions need to further incorporate the perspectives of children, alongside parents and other adults, and adopt research methods fit for this purpose. COS developers should consider the gaps identified in this update as priorities for COS development.
Determination of gaps in the spatial accessibility of nursing services for persons over the age of 65 with lowered self-sufficiency: Evidence from the Czech Republic
Authors: Vrabková Iveta , Ertingerová Izabela , Kukuliač Pavel
Published: January 2021

The subject of this research is one of the main preconditions for the provision of high-quality social care services for people over the age of 65 with lowered self-sufficiency. It involves the spatial accessibility of formally established nursing services examined in 76 districts of the Czech Republic. The aim of this article is to identify and evaluate the gaps in spatial accessibility of the selected residential and outpatient-clinic services at the level of districts in individual regions of the Czech Republic in 2018. A three-phase analysis was performed, including an ArcGIS network analysis, multi-criteria evaluation according to the TOPSIS method, and a correlation analysis encompassing the confidence interval gained via the Bootstrap method. Seven indicators were selected—recipients of the allowance for the care, capacity of residential and outpatient-clinic services, and four indicators of accessibility via individual and public transport within the set time intervals. The results show good availability of residential care (no gap) within 30 min. by individual and public transport in most districts (94%). However, day services centers do not have a space gap in only 28% of districts by individual transport, and 8% of districts by public transport. In the case of day care centers, 54% of districts by individual transport, and 29% of districts by public transport do not have a space gap. The results also show that the level of spatial availability of care (gaps) in the district is not related to the number of people aged 65+ with reduced self-sufficiency in the district. On the contrary, the correlation analysis shows that with the growing number of people aged 65+ with reduced self-sufficiency in the district, the capacity of residential and outpatient services increases and the gaps in spatial accessibility do not decrease.
Process evaluation of enhancing primary health care for non-communicable disease management in Malaysia: Uncovering the fidelity & feasibility elements
Authors: Low Lee Lan , A. B. Rahim Fathullah Iqbal , Hamzah Nur Aqlili Riana , Ismail Mohd Safiee
Published: January 2021

Background

In combating the increasing trend of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) over the last two decades in the country, the Ministry of Health Malaysia developed the Enhanced Primary Health Care (EnPHC) initiative to improve care management across different levels of the public service delivery network. An evaluation research component was embedded to explore the implementation issues in terms of fidelity, feasibility, adaptation and benefit of the initiative’s components which were triage, care coordination, screening, risk management and referral system.

Methods

A mixed methods study was conducted at 20 participating EnPHC clinics in Johor and Selangor, two months after the intervention was initiated. Data collected from self-reported forms and a structured observation checklist were descriptively analysed. In-depth interviews were also conducted with 20 participants across the clinics selected to clarify any information gaps observed in each clinic, and data were thematically analysed.

Results

Evaluation showed that all components of EnPHC intervention had been successfully implemented except for the primary triage counter and visit checklist. The challenges were mainly discovered in terms of human resource and physical structure. Although human resource was a common implementation challenge across all interventions, clinic-specific issues could still be identified. Among the adaptive measures taken were task sharing among staff and workflow modification to match the clinic’s capacity. Despite the challenges, early benefits of implementation were highlighted especially in terms of service outcomes.

Conclusions

The evaluation study disclosed issues of human resource and physical infrastructure when a supplementary intervention is implemented. To successfully achieve a scaled-up PHC service delivery model based on comprehensive management of NCDs patient-centred care, the adaptive measures in local clinic context highlight the importance of collaboration between good organisational process and good clinical practice and process.
Twin pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: Data from ‘Birth in Brazil Study’
Authors: Esteves-Pereira Ana Paula , da Cunha Antônio José Ledo Alves , Nakamura-Pereira Marcos , Moreira Maria Elisabeth , Domingues Rosa Maria soares madeira , Viellas Elaine Fernandes , Leal Maria do Carmo , Granado nogueira da Gama Silvana
Published: January 2021

Background

Twin pregnancies account for 0.5–2.0% of all gestations worldwide. They have a negative impact on perinatal health indicators, mainly owing to the increased risk for preterm birth. However, population-based data from low/middle income countries are limited. The current paper aims to understand the health risks of twins, compared to singletons, amongst late preterms and early terms.

Methods

Data is from “Birth in Brazil”, a national inquiry into childbirth care conducted in 2011/2012 in 266 maternity hospitals. We included women with a live birth or a stillborn, and excluded births of triplets or more, totalling 23,746 singletons and 554 twins. We used multiple logistic regressions and adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

Twins accounted for 1.2% of gestations and 2.3% of newborns. They had higher prevalence of low birth weight and intrauterine growth restriction, when compared to singletons, in all gestational age groups, except in the very premature ones (<34 weeks). Amongst late preterm’s, twins had higher odds of jaundice (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.8–4.2) and antibiotic use (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–3.2). Amongst early-terms, twins had higher odds of oxygen therapy (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3–5.9), admission to neonatal intensive care unit (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.5–6.5), transient tachypnoea (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.5–9.2), jaundice (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.3–5.9) and antibiotic use (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.14.9). In relation to birth order, the second-born infant had an elevated likelihood of jaundice, antibiotic use and oxygen therapy, than the first-born infant.

Conclusion

Although strongly mediated by gestational age, an independent risk remains for twins for most neonatal morbidities, when compared to singletons. These disadvantages seem to be more prominent in early-term newborns than in the late preterm ones.
Evaluating the African food supply against the nutrient intake goals set for preventing diet-related non-communicable diseases: 1990 to 2017 trend analysis
Authors: Gebremedhin Samson , Bekele Tilahun
Published: January 2021

Background

Population intake goals intended to prevent diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have been defined for multiple nutrients. Yet, little is known whether the existing food supply in Africa is in conformity with these goals or not. We evaluated the African food balances against the recommendations for macronutrients, free sugars, types of fatty acids, cholesterol and fruits and vegetables over 1990 to 2017, and provided regional, sub-regional and country-level estimates.

Methods

The per capita supply of 95 food commodities for 45 African countries (1990–2017) was accessed from the FAOSTAT database and converted into calories, carbohydrate, fat, protein, free sugars, cholesterol, saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids contents using the Food Data Central database. The supply of fruits and vegetables was also computed.

Results

In Africa the energy supply increased by 16.6% from 2,685 in 1990 to 3,132 kcal/person/day in 2017. However, the energy contribution of carbohydrate, fat and protein remained constant and almost within acceptable range around 73, 10 and 9%, respectively. In 2017, calories from fats surpassed the 20% limit in upper-middle- or high-income and Southern Africa countries. Energy from SFA remained within range (<10%) but that of PUFA was below the minimum desirable level of 6% in 28 countries. Over the period, energy from free sugars remained constant around 7% but the figure exceeded the limit of 10% in upper-middle- or high-income countries (14.7%) and in Southern (14.8%) and Northern (10.5%) sub-regions. Between 1990 and 2017 the availability of dietary cholesterol per person surged by 14% but was below the upper limit of 300 mg/day. The supply of fruits and vegetables increased by 27.5% from 279 to 356 g/capita/day; yet, with the exception of Northern Africa, the figure remained below the target of 400 g/capita/day in all sub-regions.

Conclusion

According to this population level data, in Africa most population intake goals are within acceptable range. Yet, the supply of fruits and vegetables and PUFAs are suboptimal and the increasing energy contributions of free sugars and fats are emerging concerns in specific sub-regions.
Auditive beta stimulation as a countermeasure against driver fatigue
Authors: Moessinger Michèle , Stürmer Ralf , Mühlensiep Markus
Published: January 2021

Objective

Fatigue in road traffic can occur after long driving times or during night-time driving and can lead to a dangerous decrease in vigilance or microsleep. As a countermeasure, the effectiveness of brain stimulation by means of frequency-modified music is investigated. Small frequency shifts between two different sounds simultaneously perceived by both ears (e.g. 400 and 418 Hz) stimulate the brain to increase activity in the stimulated range (e.g. 18 Hz).

Methods

The effects of acoustic brain entrainment (ABE) in the EEG beta range (12–20 Hz) were compared to placebo during day and night driving (n = 40 each) in 80 subjects. The effects were examined at the subjective (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, KSS), physiological (EEG) and performance level (test battery for attention testing, TAP). The test drive took place on the motorway. Sequence of events with measurement times: Preparation in the laboratory (60 min; TAP & KSS), driving (90 min day/ 180 min night; KSS every 30 min), beta/placebo stimulation while driving (20 min), rest (20 min; TAP & KSS), driving (60 min; KSS every 30 min), end of driving (40 min; TAP & KSS). EEG was recorded continuously (Fz, Cz, Pz, C3, C4) and analyzed for 10 min time windows.

Results

The subjective fatigue rating in the KSS decreased significantly after ABE compared to placebo. This was still significant about 100 minutes after stimulation. The ABE led to a significant increase in EEG beta activity compared to placebo. This was still significant about 80 minutes after stimulation. Furthermore, the ABE led to a significant decrease in theta activity compared to placebo. This was still significant about 70 minutes after stimulation and was more pronounced during daytime driving. Faster reaction times were observed for the ABE compared to the placebo condition during day and night driving. The faster reaction times were partly significant for the ABE still 80 minutes after stimulation.

Conclusion

Positive effects of ABE during driving could be demonstrated on the subjective, physiological and performance level. The effect was more pronounced during the day than at night. No negative side effects of Beta Stimulation were observed. The stimulation in the beta frequency range led to an increase of beta activity in the EEG.
Comparison of four low-cost carbapenemase detection tests and a proposal of an algorithm for early detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in resource-limited settings
Authors: Kumudunie Wirittamulla Gamage Maheshika , Wijesooriya Lakmini Inoka , Wijayasinghe Yasanandana Supunsiri
Published: January 2021

Rapidly progressing antibiotic resistance is a great challenge in therapy. In particular, the infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are exceedingly difficult to treat. Carbapenemase production is the predominant mechanism of resistance in CRE. Early and accurate identification of carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CP-CRE) is extremely important for the treatment and prevention of such infections. In the present study, four phenotypic carbapenemase detection tests were compared and an algorithm was developed for rapid and cost-effective identification of CP-CRE. A total of 117 Enterobacteriaceae (54 CP-CRE, 3 non-CP-CRE, and 60 non-CRE) isolates were tested for carbapenemase production using modified Hodge test (MHT), modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM), Carba NP test (CNPt), and CNPt-direct test. The overall sensitivity/specificity values were 90.7%/92.1% for MHT, 100%/100% for mCIM, 75.9%/100% for CNPt, and 83.3%/100% for CNPt-direct. OXA-48-like enzymes were detected with 93.2% sensitivity by MHT and >77.3% sensitivity by two Carba NP tests. MHT could only detect half of the NDM carbapenemase producers. CNPt-direct exhibited enhanced sensitivity compared to CNPt (100% vs 25%) for detection of NDM producers. Considering these findings we propose CNPt-direct as the first test followed by mCIM for rapid detection of CP-CRE. With this algorithm >80% of the CP-CRE could be detected within 24 hours from the time the sample is received and 100% CP-CRE could be detected in day two. In conclusion, mCIM was the most sensitive assay for the identification of CP-CRE. CNPt-direct performed better than CNPt. An algorithm consisting CNPt-direct and mCIM allows rapid and reliable detection of carbapenemase production in resource-limited settings.
Verification-phase tests show low reliability and add little value in determining V̇O2max in young trained adults
Authors: Wagner Jonathan , Niemeyer Max , Infanger Denis , Hinrichs Timo , Guerra Clement , Klenk Christopher , Königstein Karsten , Cajochen Christian , Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno , Knaier Raphael
Published: January 2021

Objective

This study compared the robustness of aV˙O2-plateau definition and a verification-phase protocol to day-to-day and diurnal variations in determining the trueV˙O2max. Further, the additional value of a verification-phase was investigated.

Methods

Eighteen adults performed six cardiorespiratory fitness tests at six different times of the day (diurnal variation) as well as a seventh test at the same time the sixth test took place (day-to-day variation). A verification-phase was performed immediately after each test, with a stepwise increase in intensity to 50%, 70%, and 105% of the peak power output.

Results

Participants meanV˙O2peakwas 56 ± 8 mL/kg/min. Gwet’s AC1values (95% confidence intervals) for the day-to-day and diurnal variations were 0.64 (0.22, 1.00) and 0.71 (0.42, 0.99) forV˙O2-plateau and for the verification-phase 0.69 (0.31, 1.00) and 0.07 (−0.38, 0.52), respectively. In 66% of the tests, performing the verification-phase added no value, while, in 32% and 2%, it added uncertain value and certain value, respectively, in the determination ofV˙O2max.

Conclusion

Compared toV˙O2-plateau the verification-phase shows lower reliability, increases costs and only adds certain value in 2% of cases.
The efficacy and safety of prokinetics in critically ill adults receiving gastric feeding tubes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Peng Rong , Li Hailong , Yang Lijun , Zeng Linan , Yi Qiusha , Xu Peipei , Pan Xiangcheng , Zhang Lingli
Published: January 2021

Background

Intolerance to gastric feeding tubes is common among critically ill adults and may increase morbidity. Administration of prokinetics in the ICU is common. However, the efficacy and safety of prokinetics are unclear in critically ill adults with gastric feeding tubes. We conducted a systematic review to determine the efficacy and safety of prokinetics for improving gastric feeding tube tolerance in critically ill adults.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified by systematically searching the Medline, Cochrane and Embase databases. Two independent reviewers extracted the relevant data and assessed the quality of the studies. We calculated pooled relative risks (RRs) for dichotomous outcomes and the mean differences (MDs) for continuous outcomes with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to rate the quality of the evidence.

Results

Fifteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria. A total of 10 RCTs involving 846 participants were eligible for the quantitative analysis. Most studies (10 of 13, 76.92%) showed that prokinetics had beneficial effects on feeding intolerance in critically ill adults. In critically ill adults receiving gastric feeding, prokinetic agents may reduce the ICU length of stay (MD -2.03, 95% CI -3.96, -0.10; P = 0.04; low certainty) and the hospital length of stay (MD -3.21, 95% CI -5.35, -1.06; P = 0.003; low certainty). However, prokinetics failed to improve the outcomes of reported adverse events and all-cause mortality.

Conclusion

As a class of drugs, prokinetics may improve tolerance to gastric feeding to some extent in critically ill adults. However, the certainty of the evidence suggesting that prokinetics reduce the ICU or hospital length of stay is low. Prokinetics did not significantly decrease the risks of reported adverse events or all-cause mortality among critically ill adults.
Factors associated with difficulty of hospital acceptance of patients suspected to have cerebrovascular diseases: A nationwide population-based observational study
Authors: Sato Nobuhiro , Takaku Reo , Higashi Hidenori , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Shiga Takashi
Published: January 2021

Although it is essential to shorten the interval to initial treatment in the care of acute ischemic stroke, some hospitals in Japan reject requests for hospital acceptance from on-scene emergency medical service personnel because of limited resources, which can cause delays in care. We aimed to assess the risk factors for difficulty of hospital acceptance of patients suspected to have cerebrovascular diseases. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the national ambulance records of the Fire and Disaster Management Agency in Japan in 2016. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between difficulty of hospital acceptance of patients suspected to have cerebrovascular diseases and prehospital factors. During the study period, a total of 222,926 patients were included, and 5283 patients (2.4%) experienced difficulties in hospital acceptance. In multivariable analysis, nights (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45–1.64), weekends (AOR 1.32, 95% CI 1.24–1.40), <25 percentile ratio of emergency physicians and neurosurgeons to all physicians (AOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03–1.23) (AOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.25–1.48), and mean age of physicians (AOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.05–1.07) were significantly associated with difficulties of hospital acceptance of patients suspected to have cerebrovascular disease. There was a marked regional variation in the difficulties of hospital acceptance. Among the national ambulance records of patients suspected to have cerebrovascular diseases, certain prehospital factors such as weekends were positively associated with difficulty of hospital acceptance. A comprehensive strategy for hospital acceptance of patients with cerebrovascular diseases considering regional variation is required.
Sleep deprivation did not enhance the success rate of chloral hydrate sedation for non-invasive procedural sedation in pediatric patients
Authors: Cui Yu , Guo Langtao , Mu Qixia , Cheng Qin , Kang Lu , He Yani , Tang Min , Wu Qunying
Published: January 2021

Study objective

In Asian countries, oral chloral hydrate is the most commonly used sedative for non-invasive procedures. Theoretically, mild sleep deprivation could be considered as one of assisted techniques. However, there is no consensus on sleep deprivation facilitating the sedation during non-painful procedures in children. The aim of our study is to analyze the clinical data of children undergoing non-invasive procedural sedation retrospectively and to evaluate the association between mild sleep deprivation and sedative effects in non-invasive procedures.

Measurements

Consecutive patients undergoing chloral hydrate sedation for non-invasive procedures between December 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020 were included in this study. The propensity score analysis with 1: 1 ratio was used to match the baseline variables between patients with sleep deprivation and non-sleep deprivation. The primary outcome was the failure rate of sedation with the initial dose. The secondary outcomes included the failure rate of sedation after supplementation of chloral hydrate, the incidence of major and minor adverse events, initial and supplemental dose of chloral hydrate, and the length of sedation time.

Main results

Of the 7789 patients undergoing chloral hydrate sedation, 6352 were treated with sleep deprivation and 1437 with non-sleep deprivation. After propensity score matching, 1437 pairs were produced. The failure rate of sedation with initial chlorate hydrate was not significantly different in two groups (8.6% [123/1437] vs. 10.6% [152/1437], p = 0.08), nor were the failure rates with supplemental chlorate hydrate (0.8% [12/1437] vs. 0.9% [13/1437], p = 1) and the length of sedation time (58 [45, 75] vs. 58 [45, 75] min; p = 0.93).

Conclusions

The current results do not support sleep deprivation have a beneficial effect in reducing the pediatric chloral hydrate sedation failure rate. The routine use of sleep deprivation for pediatric sedation is unnecessary.
Short-term effect of anti-VEGF for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy according to the presence of choroidal neovascularization using optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Song Yong-Yeon , Yu Hwa-Young , Baek Seung-Kook , Lee Young-Hoon , Lee Min-Woo
Published: January 2021

Purpose

To analyze the short-term therapeutic efficacy of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (IVB) for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) according to the presence of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods

A retrospective chart review was perfomed on cases of CSC with CNV (Group 1: n = 31) and an age-matched cases of CSC without CNV (Group 2: n = 30). The response to IVB was evaluated by changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), choroidal thickness (CT), and pachyvessel diameter. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the visual outcome of chronic CSC with CNV after IVB.

Results

At baseline, the CT values differed significantly between Groups 1 and 2 (371.55 ± 67.09 vs. 417.33 ± 71.32 μm, p = 0.01). In Group 1, BCVA improved significantly (p < 0.001), and CMT (p < 0.001), CT (p = 0.001) and pachyvessel diameter (p = 0.045) decreased significantly, after IVB. In Group 2, only pachyvessel diameter (p = 0.001) was significantly smaller after IVB. Univariate analysis showed that the initial CT (B = 0.002, p = 0.026) and pachyvessel diameter (B = 0.002, p = 0.001) significantly affected visual outcome. In multivariate analysis, the initial pachyvessel diameter exhibited significant results (B = 0.002, p = 0.001).

Conclusions

IVB showed less effective short-term outcomes in chronic CSC patients without CNV than in patients with CNV. In chronic CSC with CNV, the short-term visual outcome after IVB was better in patients with a thinner choroid and smaller pachyvessels.
SiOxNy back-contact barriers for CZTSe thin-film solar cells
Authors: Chen Wenjian , Hirwa Hippolyte , Ohland Jörg , Taskesen Teoman , Mikolajczak Ulf , Pareek Devendra , Parisi Jürgen , Gütay Levent
Published: January 2021

The formation of molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) is widely observed at the back-contact interface for copper zinc tin selenide (CZTSe) thin-film solar cells. Depending on individual selenium (Se) supply and thermal conditions for forming CZTSe absorbers on molybdenum (Mo) substrates, the thickness of MoSe2 can vary from a few hundreds of nanometers up to ≈ 1 μm, which is comparable to the commonly adopted thickness of 1 ~ 1.5 μm for CZTSe absorbers. In this study, for controlling the thickness of interfacial MoSe2, thin diffusion barrier layers of silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy) are deposited onto Mo layers prior to the growth of CZTSe absorbers in the fabrication process. As a result, a reduction in the thicknesses of MoSe2 layers is achieved. In terms of energy conversion efficiency (η), CZTSe solar cells grown on Mo/SiOxNy back contacts suffer a deterioration as the SiOxNy layers get thicker. CZTSe solar cells grown on Mo/SiOxNy/Mo back contacts preserve their efficiencies at ≈ 11% with thin 10 nm SiOxNy layers.
Advanced molecular characterization of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic camel neonates in Egypt
Authors: Shahein Momtaz A. , Dapgh Amany N. , Kamel Essam , Ali Samah F. , Khairy Eman A. , Abuelhag Hussein A. , Hakim Ashraf S.
Published: January 2021

Background and Aim: Camels are important livestock in Egypt on cultural and economic bases, but studies of etiological agents of camelid diseases are limited. The enteropathogen Escherichia coli is a cause of broad spectrum gastrointestinal infections among humans and animals, especially in developing countries. Severe infections can lead to death. The current study aimed to identify pathogenic E. coli strains that cause diarrhea in camel calves and characterize their virulence and drug resistance at a molecular level.

Materials and Methods: Seventy fecal samples were collected from diarrheic neonatal camel calves in Giza Governorate during 2018-2019. Samples were cultured on a selective medium for E. coli, and positive colonies were confirmed biochemically, serotyped, and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. E. coli isolates were further confirmed through detection of the housekeeping gene, yaiO, and examined for the presence of virulence genes; traT and fimH and for genes responsible for antibiotic resistance, ampC, aadB, and mphA. The isolates in the important isolated serotype, E. coli O26, were examined for toxigenic genes and sequenced.

Results: The bacteriological and biochemical examination identified 12 E. coli isolates from 70 fecal samples (17.1%). Serotyping of these isolates showed four types: O26, four isolates, 33.3%; O103, O111, three isolates each, 25%; and O45, two isolates, 16.7%. The isolates showed resistance to vancomycin (75%) and ampicillin (66.6%), but were highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and tetracycline (100%). The structural gene, yaiO (115 bp), was amplified from all 12 E. coli isolates and traT and fimH genes were amplified from 10 and 8 isolates, respectively. Antibiotic resistance genes, ampC, mphA, and aadB, were harbored in 9 (75%), 8 (66.6%), and 5 (41.7%), respectively. Seven isolates (58.3%) were MDR. Real-time-polymerase chain reaction of the O26 isolates identified one isolate harboring vt1, two with vt2, and one isolate with neither gene. Sequencing of the isolates revealed similarities to E. coli O157 strains.

Conclusion: Camels and other livestock suffer various diseases, including diarrhea often caused by microbial pathogens. Enteropathogenic E. coli serotypes were isolated from diarrheic neonatal camel calves. These isolates exhibited virulence and multiple drug resistance genes.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND THE ISSUES OF LEGAL ENSURING OF INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION SECURITY IN CONDITIONS OF INDUSTRY-4.0
Authors: Shugurov M.V.
Published: January 2021

The present article is devoted to analyzing the role and significance of international information securityand its legal regulation in a process of transition to sustainable development. Based on examining the acts of«soft» and «hard» international law and also on results of activity of international organizations and workinggroup, the author concludes that conceptual provisions of the global strategy of sustainable development arereflected in international law of information security incompletely. The study substantiates a convergenceof these subject areas by arguments that ICT are key factors of achieving the Sustainable DevelopmentGoals. Accordingly, transfer of ICT and dissemination thereof in, especially, developing countries can leadto reducing the global digital divide but under one condition. The latter is an ensuring the proper level ofinformation security. Much attention is paid to mean of information security for transition to Industry-4.0corresponding the SDG No 9.
SOURCES OF SCIENTIFIC LAW ANNOTATION
Authors: Vasilev А.А.
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the sources of scientific law that regulate relations in the field of organization,funding and research. The author classified normative legal acts, judicial practice, international legal acts,legal customs and local normative acts of scientific and educational organizations as sources of scientificlaw. At the same time, the doctrine of scientific law has yet to be worked out, which in the future may takethe place of the source of the “law of science”.
LEGAL SYSTEM, SYSTEMATIC LAW, SYSTEMIC APPROACH IN LAW AND THE CATEGORIES OF GENERAL, PARTICULAR AND INDIVIDUAL
Authors: Kulikov E.A.
Published: January 2021

The article is based on the interconnection of the systemic method of cognition of legal phenomena, thespecifics of the legal “augmented” reality and the categories of the general, special and singular. Consistencyin law manifests itself in the process of ascent from the abstract to the concrete — from extremely generallegal phenomena and concepts to individual legal phenomena and concepts. The dialectic of the general,the particular and the individual is also based on this. The general rule of law receives a specification in thesystemic nature of positive law, which, in turn, is reflected in the elements of positive law. General conceptsof the elements of the system of law, for example, branches of law, on the one hand, are universal for theconcepts of special phenomena within the framework of branch sciences, on the other hand, due to the lawsof the categories of general, particular and individual, they subordinate the meanings of these concepts.Sectoral concepts should be meaningfully fit into general theoretical ones, in principle they cannot disagreewith them, otherwise they will not be related as general and special. Ignoring the dialectics of the general,the particular and the individual, as the logic of existence and development inherent in closed systems, canlead to a distorted reflection of reality and defects in legal regulation.
TOPICAL ISSUES OF LEGAL AND ECONOMIC REGULATION OF WAGES OF ATHLETES IN RUSSIA AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Authors: Kovalenko E.Y. , Shavandina O.A.
Published: January 2021

Currently, one of the important areas of sustainable development in the Russian Federation is thedevelopment of physical culture and sports, which contributes to an increase in the population of the country,an increase in the standard of living of citizens, the creation of comfortable conditions for their residence, aswell as opportunities for self-realization and disclosure of the talent of each person. The article is devotedto the development of legal and economic regulation of wages of athletes. In addition, the paper analyzesthe most discussed theoretical issues of legal regulation of labor relations in sports to attract attention fromthe state and the business community. In accordance with the norms in force in the Russian Federation, thesalary of workers in the sports industry includes three main components: the official salary, compensationand incentive payments. When it comes to professional athletes and coaches, incentive payments are usuallyrelated to achievements and results (for example, the number of points earned, the number of goals scoredor assists, etc.). A feature of the remuneration of athletes with high achievements is a large gap in the size ofthe official salary and bonus (incentive) payments. The bonus part of wages, being a variable, is of interestfor scientific research from the point of view of its (incentive payments) legal regulation, economic analysisand financial calculation. According to the authors, the salary of athletes and their coaches is influenced bya large number of factors that are indicators of the individual achievements of athletes. An additive modelof the formation of the wage fund of a sports organization (club, team) will determine the significanceof factors affecting the wages of athletes. The authors come to the conclusion that in modern conditions,modeling the wage fund of a sports organization as a whole will allow to determine and take into account theimportance of individual indicators (indicators, achievements) of professional athletes and their influenceon the formation of the bonus part of wages.
Epidemiological aspect of renal failure in the Internal Medicine department of HUEH from May 2018 to December 2018
Authors: FLORIAL Edisond , THERMIDOR Srane-Lorette , MEDOR John Mirvens , SIMEON Charlin
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Renal failure either acute or chronic is a global public health problem. In developed countries, this condition occurs mainly in the elderly. The World Health Organization (WHO) has made preventing chronic disease a vital investment. The incidence of RF, long underestimated, increases with the age of the patient. Estimated at eight per million in children, it increases to 949 in octogenarians. In the registers of the Internal Medicine department of the HUEH, the country's reference center, kidney failure is very common after cardiac and gastric pathologies. The aim of this study will be to describe the epidemiological aspects of renal failure cases by studying quantitative and qualitative variables.

Methodology

This is a retrospective quantitative study conducted on sample patients in the Internal Medicine Department of the Hospital of the State University of Haiti (HUEH). The study was conducted on 39 patients admitted and registered in the internal medicine department of the HUEH during the period from May 2018 to December 2018 for the concept of renal failure.

Result

A total of 39 patients with 17 women (44%) and 22 men (56%).The mean age of the patients is 48.66 years, the main length of hospitalization is 21.7 days. Chronic renal failure (CRF) is the dominant diagnosis 27 cases (69.23%) compared to acute renal failure (ARF), 7 cases (17.95%), end-stage chronic renal failure (ESRF) 4 cases (10.26%) and severe chronic renal failure (SCRF) 1 case (2.56%). For patient outcome, discontinuation was 16 patients (41.03%), exeated was 15 patients (38.46%), Death was 7 patients (17.95%), transferred was 1 patient (2.56%). The department of origin was not mentioned for 20 patients (51.28%), the dominant department is the West or 11 patients (28.21%).
Vineyard Clusters Monitored by Means of Litterbag-NIRS and Foliar-NIRS Spectroscopic Methods
Authors: Cugnetto Alberto , Lajolo Luciano , Vitaloni Giovanni , Sarasso Giuseppe , Borgogno Mondino Enrico Corrado , Nuti Marco , Giovannetti Giusto , Masoero Giorgio
Published: January 2021

There is currently a lack of rapid indirect analysis methods for the assessment of the effects of soil microbiota on vine production. Fifteen clusters of two Nebbiolo and Erbaluce varieties were identified in five vineyards belonging to a cooperative of winemakers in North West Italy, according to the differences in the NDVI index, as monitored by the Crop Monitoring OES system. The vineyards were surveyed in 2019 and the experimental monitoring of 75 vines was conducted in 2020. The first indirect method (Litterbag-NIRS) involved examining hay litterbags with a smart SCiOTM device. The average litterbag-NIR spectra of the clusters, as far as the yield is concerned, were closely fitted with the measured production yield, with an R2 cross-validated value of 0.91 in the Nebbiolo vines and 0.67 in the Erbaluce vines. The results in yield were accounted for by considering a few dominant variables in both vines, namely the microbic respiration of the soil and the crude protein of the litterbag (positive), opposed to the soil NO3--N and litterbag ADF (negative). The pruning wood was also closely correlated to the litterbag spectra. A second rapid method, foliar pH coupled with the NIR spectroscopy of the leaves, was then performed. The overall results predicted from the foliar NIRS were 0.73 for yield and 0.79 for the Canopy Cover. However, the most interesting result concerned the yield regressions on the foliar pH, which were clearly negative in both vines and of a similar amount: -5.15 kg/pH in Nebbiolo (R2 0.68) and -5.63 kg/pH (R2 0.23) in Erbaluce. Litterbag-NIRS, which shows a high predictive capacity, and foliar pH - with or without foliar-NIRS - are indirect and frugal methods that can be recommended for a rational assessment of the microbial soil fertility of vineyards.
The provenance of Neo-Babylionian legal documents from ‘Kish’ outside the Ashmolean Museum Collection
Authors: Chmielowski Stanisław
Published: January 2021

The majority of currently known Neo-Babylonian legal and administrative documents from Kish come from excavations held on this site by the joint expedition of Oxford – Field Museum (Chicago) between 1923–1933. They are now housed in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. However, ca. 40 Neo-Babylonian ‘Kish’ tablets, i.e., written in Ḫursagkalamma or Kiš, are present in other collections. How did they end up in these museums assuming that most of them was acquired in the last quarter of the 19th century, 30–50 years before the expedition mentioned above? I suppose that they were not found in Kish, even though their Ausstellungsort indicates quite the opposite. They instead come from nearby Babylon or Borsippa cities. The analysis conducted in the article seems to confirm this assumption, and for most cases, the provided attribution should be considered. Additionally, tablets under discussion are testimonies of the vivid economic life of entrepreneurial Babylonians in the first millennium BC.
Artystyczna „archeologia” pamięci na przykładzie Nazistów i Prawdziwych nazistów Piotra Uklańskiego
Authors: Kowalczyk Izabela
Published: January 2021

Contemporary artists referring to history often ask questions about what and how is memorised. How tragic events from the recent past are reflected in our cultural archive of memory. Artists are interested in visual memory, which includes, among others, documentary photographs, pictures from history textbooks, historical feature films. However, there is not only historical knowledge but also the popular culture that shapes our ideas about the past. That is why in these imaginations the truth mixes with fiction, and the suggestive images known from movies overlap our knowledge. Thus, the artistic “archeology” takes place in the area of our broadly understood cultural memory. The above problem is discussed in the example of two works by Piotr Uklański: Nazis (1999) and Real Nazis (2017). I reflect on results from the comparison of these works – the first using fictional images of Nazis from feature films and the second one showing portraits of real Nazis.
Archeoakustyka. Pomiędzy słuchaniem przeszłości a przepisywaniem historii
Authors: Misiak Tomasz
Published: January 2021

The main problem presented in the article is archeoacoustics understood as a modern subdiscipline of archeology. The aim of the research was to outline the theoretical map of ideological references used by this young, still developing field. In order to understand the complex interdisciplinary nature of the archeoacoustic approach, ideological concepts were indicated and described, which, starting from various research assumptions, reflected on the role and methods of the impact of the sound in culture.
Perspektywy i wyzwania badań na styku archeologii i sztuki
Authors: Stobiecka Monika
Published: January 2021

The main goal of this paper is to reflect on the perspectives and challenges of art and archaeology research. The paper investigates main objectives through the lens of the art historian and archaeologist. Even though, the study on relations between art and archaeology has a long tradition in archaeology and the most famous researchers reflected on those tensions (Colin Renfrew, Michael Shanks, Andrew Jones, Ian Russell, Paul Reilly, Paul Bonaventura), art and archaeology approach is still not a coherent and systematic methodological framework. To deal with this notable lack, the author revises previous studies and points at the possible advantages of the development of studies at the border of art, archaeology and aesthetics. The main problems are illustrated and discussed in reference to archaeological museums and the Polish contemporary art represented by Hubert Czerepok, Agata Ingarden, Agnieszka Kalinowska, Agnieszka Kurant, Robert Kuśmirowski and Joanna Rajkowska.