bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Component Diagnosability of General Networks
Authors: Zhuang Hongbin , Guo Wenzhong , Li Xiaoyan , Liu Ximeng , Lin Cheng-Kuan
Published: December 2021

The processor failures in a multiprocessor system have a negative impact on its distributed computing efficiency. Because of the rapid expansion of multiprocessor systems, the importance of fault diagnosis is becoming increasingly prominent. The [Formula: see text]-component diagnosability of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is the maximum number of nodes of the faulty set [Formula: see text] that is correctly identified in a system, and the number of components in [Formula: see text] is at least [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we determine the [Formula: see text]-component diagnosability of general networks under the PMC model and MM[Formula: see text] model. As applications, the component diagnosability is explored for some well-known networks, including complete cubic networks, hierarchical cubic networks, generalized exchanged hypercubes, dual-cube-like networks, hierarchical hypercubes, Cayley graphs generated by transposition trees (except star graphs), and DQcube as well. Furthermore, we provide some comparison results between the component diagnosability and other fault diagnosabilities.
Investigation of nanofluid flow within a duct with complicated swirl flow device using numerical computing technology
Authors: Yuanlei Si , Felemban Bassem F. , Bahadar Ali , Rothan Yahya Ali , Selim Mahmoud M.
Published: December 2021

To decrease the exergy drop, a new style of tape with an inset of the obstacle has been applied in the current utilized heat exchanger. Numerical technique was chosen to discover the solution of the equations for the current application. Hybrid nanopowders were added into a base fluid and an experimental formulation was utilized for involving the new working fluid. Addition of nanopowder and insertion of obstacle over the tape lead to augmentation of productivity of unit and help the system to minimize the irreversibility. Checking the correctness of the procedure in the modeling has been tested and proved to be in nice agreement. Two configurations for geometry of tube have been compared in two levels of Re. The regime of fluid is turbulent and the generation of grid has been done with considering the limitation of [Formula: see text]. With the insertion of obstacle in the lowest level of Re, the swirl flow increases and [Formula: see text] augments about 252.6% while [Formula: see text] reduces about 21.22%. The value of heating term is much higher than the friction term, so Xd declines by 21.21%. With the use of new configuration of turbulator, elevating [Formula: see text] leads to elevation of [Formula: see text] by 24.21% but [Formula: see text] declines about 83.39%. Adding the turbulator with obstacle, [Formula: see text] decreases about 0.22% when Re [Formula: see text] 2e4.
Eight equilibrium and continuity equations within the material media
Authors: Weng Zi-Hua
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to apply the octonions to explore the torques and forces and so forth in the electromagnetic and gravitational fields, investigating the influences of material media on the equilibrium and continuity equations. The contemporary scholars utilize the quaternions and octonions to research the electromagnetic fields and gravitational fields and so forth. In this paper, the octonions are capable of surveying the electromagnetic and gravitational fields within material media, including the octonion field strength, field source, angular momentum, torque and force. Further, the octonion field strength and angular momentum can be combined together to become the octonion composite field strength, deducing the octonion composite torque and force and others. When the octonion composite force is equal to zero under certain circumstances, it is able to achieve eight equations independent of each other, including the force equilibrium equation, fluid continuity equation, current continuity equation and so on. The above reveals that the material media and octonion field strength can make a contribution to the eight equilibrium and continuity equations. And it is beneficial for deepening the understanding of equilibrium and continuity equations within material media.
A 331 model for Lepton Flavor Universality Violation in B decays
Authors: Lebbal Soumia , Mimouni Jamal , Mebarki Noureddine
Published: December 2021

Lepton Flavor Universality Violation (LFUV) in [Formula: see text] decays in both neutral [Formula: see text] and charged [Formula: see text] processes observed in the ratios [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is investigated in the framework of a model based on the extended symmetry gauge [Formula: see text] whose leptonic sector consists of five triplets. It is shown that in order to explain the experimentally observed deviations from the Standard Model in these flavor changing transitions, a nonminimal version of the model has to be considered. We investigate the ability of this model in accommodating the model-independent scenarios currently favored by global fits.
Primitive set-theoretic solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation
Authors: Cedó F. , Jespers E. , Okniński J.
Published: December 2021

To every involutive non-degenerate set-theoretic solution [Formula: see text] of the Yang–Baxter equation on a finite set [Formula: see text] there is a naturally associated finite solvable permutation group [Formula: see text] acting on [Formula: see text]. We prove that every primitive permutation group of this type is of prime order [Formula: see text]. Moreover, [Formula: see text] is then a so-called permutation solution determined by a cycle of length [Formula: see text]. This solves a problem recently asked by A. Ballester-Bolinches. The result opens a new perspective on a possible approach to the classification problem of all involutive non-degenerate set-theoretic solutions.
Averaging of magnetic fields and applications
Authors: Kachmar Ayman , Wehbe Mohammad
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we estimate the magnetic Laplacian energy norm in appropriate planar domains under a weak regularity hypothesis on the magnetic field. Our main contribution is an averaging estimate, valid in small cells, allowing us to pass from non-uniform to uniform magnetic fields. As a matter of application, we derive new upper and lower bounds of the lowest eigenvalue of the Dirichlet Laplacian which match in the regime of large magnetic field intensity. Furthermore, our averaging technique allows us to estimate the nonlinear Ginzburg–Landau energy, and as a byproduct, yields a non-Gaussian trial state for the Dirichlet magnetic Laplacian.
Rapid exponential stabilization of a Boussinesq system of KdV–KdV Type
Authors: Capistrano–Filho Roberto de A. , Cerpa Eduardo , Gallego Fernando A.
Published: December 2021

This paper studies the exponential stabilization of a Boussinesq system describing the two-way propagation of small amplitude gravity waves on the surface of an ideal fluid, the so-called Boussinesq system of the Korteweg–de Vries type. We use a Gramian-based method introduced by Urquiza to design our feedback control. By means of spectral analysis and Fourier expansion, we show that the solutions of the linearized system decay uniformly to zero when the feedback control is applied. The decay rate can be chosen as large as we want. The main novelty of our work is that we can exponentially stabilize this system of two coupled equations using only one scalar input.
Adaptive Optimization-Enabled Neural Networks to Handle the Imbalance Churn Data in Churn Prediction
Authors: Garimella Bharathi , Prasad G. V. S. N. R. V. , Prasad M. H. M. Krishna
Published: December 2021

The churn prediction based on telecom data has been paid great attention because of the increasing the number telecom providers, but due to inconsistent data, sparsity, and hugeness, the churn prediction becomes complicated and challenging. Hence, an effective and optimal prediction of churns mechanism, named adaptive firefly-spider optimization (adaptive FSO) algorithm, is proposed in this research to predict the churns using the telecom data. The proposed churn prediction method uses telecom data, which is the trending domain of research in predicting the churns; hence, the classification accuracy is increased. However, the proposed adaptive FSO algorithm is designed by integrating the spider monkey optimization (SMO), firefly optimization algorithm (FA), and the adaptive concept. The input data is initially given to the master node of the spark framework. The feature selection is carried out using Kendall’s correlation to select the appropriate features for further processing. Then, the selected unique features are given to the master node to perform churn prediction. Here, the churn prediction is made using a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), which is trained by the proposed adaptive FSO algorithm. Moreover, the developed model obtained better performance using the metrics, like dice coefficient, accuracy, and Jaccard coefficient by varying the training data percentage and selected features. Thus, the proposed adaptive FSO-based DCNN showed improved results with a dice coefficient of 99.76%, accuracy of 98.65%, Jaccard coefficient of 99.52%.
Edge-vertex domination in trees
Authors: Kim Kijung
Published: December 2021

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite simple graph. A vertex [Formula: see text] is edge-vertex dominated by an edge [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] is incident with [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] is incident with a vertex adjacent to [Formula: see text]. An edge-vertex dominating set of [Formula: see text] is a subset [Formula: see text] such that every vertex of [Formula: see text] is edge-vertex dominated by an edge of [Formula: see text]. The edge-vertex domination number [Formula: see text] is the minimum cardinality of an edge-vertex dominating set of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we prove that [Formula: see text] for every tree [Formula: see text] of order [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] leaves, and we characterize the trees attaining each of the bounds.
The Carboniferous timescale: an introduction
Authors: Lucas Spencer G. , Schneider Joerg W. , Nikolaeva Svetlana , Wang Xiangdong
Published: December 2021

The Carboniferous chronostratigraphic scale consists of two subsystems, six series and seven stages. Precise numerical age control within the Carboniferous is uneven, and a global magnetic polarity timescale for the Carboniferous is far from established. Isotope stratigraphy based on Sr, C and O isotopes is at an early stage but has already identified a few Sr and C isotope events of use to global correlation. Cyclostratigraphy has created a workable astrochronology for part of Pennsylvanian time that needs better calibration. Chronostratigraphic definitions of most of the seven Carboniferous stages remain unfinished. Future research on the Carboniferous timescale should focus on Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) selection for the remaining, undefined stage bases, definition and characterization of substages, and further development and integration of the Carboniferous chronostratigraphic scale with radioisotopic, magnetostratigraphic, chemostratigraphic and cyclostratigraphic tools for calibration and correlation, and the cross-correlation of non-marine and marine chronologies.
Towards Tangible Cultural Heritage Experiences—Enriching VR-based Object Inspection with Haptic Feedback
Authors: Krumpen Stefan , Klein Reinhard , Weinmann Michael
Published: December 2021

VR/AR technology is a key enabler for new ways of immersively experiencing cultural heritage artifacts based on their virtual counterparts obtained from a digitization process. In this article, we focus on enriching VR-based object inspection by additional haptic feedback, thereby creating tangible cultural heritage experiences. For this purpose, we present an approach for interactive and collaborative VR-based object inspection and annotation. Our system supports high-quality 3D models with accurate reflectance characteristics while additionally providing haptic feedback regarding shape features of the object based on a 3D printed replica. The digital object model in terms of a printable representation of the geometry as well as reflectance characteristics are stored in a compact and streamable representation on a central server, which streams the data to remotely connected users/clients. The latter can jointly perform an interactive inspection of the object in VR with additional haptic feedback through the 3D printed replica. Evaluations regarding system performance, visual quality of the considered models, as well as insights from a user study indicate an improved interaction, assessment, and experience of the considered objects.
Alexa, Is This a Historical Record?
Authors: Venkata Santhilata Kuppili , Young Paul , Bell Mark , Green Alex
Published: December 2021

Digital transformation in government has brought an increase in the scale, variety, and complexity of records and greater levels of disorganised data. Current practices for selecting records for transfer to The National Archives (TNA) were developed to deal with paper records and are struggling to deal with this shift. This article examines the background to the problem and outlines a project that TNA undertook to research the feasibility of using commercially available artificial intelligence tools to aid selection. The project
AI for Selection
evaluated a range of commercial solutions varying from off-the-shelf products to cloud-hosted machine learning platforms, as well as a benchmarking tool developed in-house. Suitability of tools depended on several factors, including requirements and skills of transferring bodies as well as the tools’ usability and configurability. This article also explores questions around trust and explainability of decisions made when using AI for sensitive tasks such as selection.
Archives and AI: An Overview of Current Debates and Future Perspectives
Authors: Colavizza Giovanni , Blanke Tobias , Jeurgens Charles , Noordegraaf Julia
Published: December 2021

The digital transformation is turning archives, both old and new, into data. As a consequence, automation in the form of artificial intelligence techniques is increasingly applied both to scale traditional recordkeeping activities, and to experiment with novel ways to capture, organise, and access records. We survey recent developments at the intersection of Artificial Intelligence and archival thinking and practice. Our overview of this growing body of literature is organised through the lenses of the Records Continuum model. We find four broad themes in the literature on archives and artificial intelligence: theoretical and professional considerations, the automation of recordkeeping processes, organising and accessing archives, and novel forms of digital archives. We conclude by underlining emerging trends and directions for future work, which include the application of recordkeeping principles to the very data and processes that power modern artificial intelligence and a more structural—yet critically aware—integration of artificial intelligence into archival systems and practice.
An In-Depth Analysis of the Transformation of Tin Foil Anodes during Electrochemical Cycling in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Heligman Brian T. , Scanlan Kevin P. , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: December 2021

Tin foils have an impressive lithium-storage capacity more than triple that of graphite anodes, and their adoption could facilitate a drastic improvement in battery energy density. However, implementation of a dense foil electrode architecture represents a significant departure from the standard blade-cast geometry with a distinct electrochemical environment, and this has led to confusion with regards to the first cycle efficiency of the system. In this work, we investigate the unique behavior of a tin active material in a foil architecture to understand its performance as an anode. We find shallow cycling of the foil results in an irreversible formation (< 40%) due to diffusional trapping, but intermediate and complete utilization allows for a remarkably reversible formation reaction (> 90%). This striking nonlinearity stems from an in situ transformation from bulk metal to porous electrode that occurs during formation cycles and defines electrode-level lithium-transport on subsequent cycles. An alternative cycling procedure for assessing the stability of foils is proposed to account for this chemomechanical effect.
Impact of Graphite Materials on the Lifetime of NMC811/Graphite Pouch Cells: Part II. Long-Term Cycling, Stack Pressure Growth, Isothermal Microcalorimetry, and Lifetime Projection
Authors: Eldesoky A. , Logan E. R. , Louli A. J. , Song Wentao , Weber Rochelle , Hy Sunny , Petibon Remi , Harlow J. E. , Azam S. , Zsoldos E. , Dahn J. R.
Published: December 2021

Part II of this 2-part series examines the impact of competitive graphite materials on NMC811 pouch cell performance using Ultra-High Precision Coulometry (UHPC), isothermal microcalorimetry, and in-situ stack growth. A simple lifetime projection of the best NMC811/graphite cells as a function of operating temperature is made. We show that graphite choice greatly impacts fractional fade, while fractional charge endpoint capacity slippage was largely unchanged due to identical cathodes. We show that an increase in graphite 1st cycle efficiency due to limited redox-active sites—favourable for minimizing Li inventory loss—is concomitant with an increase in negative electrode charge transfer resistance. Further, we demonstrate that cells with competitive artificial graphites (AG) have a lower parasitic heat flow (∼0.060 mW A−1 h−1 at 40 oC) compared to cells with natural graphites (NG), and that the cells with the AGs had minimal stack thickness change with cycling. Finally, we model SEI growth for NMC811 cells limited to 4.06 V with the square-root time model, and project that the best NMC811/graphite cells here can have decades-long lifetimes at 20 –30 °C when Li plating is avoided. Such cells are excellent candidates for grid storage applications where energy density is less important compared to long lifetime.
Theoretical Investigation of an Air-Slot Mode-Size Matcher between Dielectric and MDM Plasmonic Waveguides
Authors: Wahsheh Rami A.
Published: December 2021

Hybrid integration of dielectric and plasmonic waveguides is necessary to reduce the propagation losses due to the metallic interactions and support of nanofabrication of plasmonic devices that deal with large data transfer. In this paper, we propose a direct yet efficient, very short air-slot coupler (ASC) of a length of 36 nm to increase the coupling efficiency between a silicon waveguide and a silver-air-silver plasmonic waveguide. Our numerical simulation results show that having the ASC at the interface makes the fabrication process much easier and ensures that light couples from a dielectric waveguide into and out of a plasmonic waveguide. The proposed coupler works over a broad frequency range achieving a coupling efficiency of 86% from a dielectric waveguide into a metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) plasmonic waveguide and 68% from a dielectric waveguide to an MDM plasmonic waveguide and back into another dielectric waveguide. In addition, we show that even if there are no high-precision fabrication techniques, light couples from a conventional dielectric waveguide (CDW) into an MDM plasmonic waveguide as long as there is an overlap between the CDW and ASC, which reduces the fabrication process tremendously. Our proposed coupler has an impact on the miniaturization of ultracompact nanoplasmonic devices.
Application of Multimode Health Education Combined with Humanistic Care in Pain Management of Patients with Femoral Fracture and Its Influence on VAS Score
Authors: Shi Ming , Zhang Pengyu , Xia Ling , Wei Zhiteng , Bi Fangjie , Xu Yujia , Wang Pan
Published: December 2021

Objective. To explore the application of multimode health education combined with humanistic care in pain management of patients with femoral fracture and its influence on VAS score. Methods. A total of 120 patients with femoral fracture admitted in our hospital (May 2017–May 2021) were selected as the research objects. The patients who received routine health education were included into the routine group, and the patients who received multimode health education combined with humanistic care were included into the combined group, with 60 cases in each group. The pain management effect of the two groups was compared after nursing intervention. Results. No significant difference was found in age, BMI, fracture sites, gender, education degree, and residence between the two groups (P > 0.05). The awareness rate of health knowledge of the combined group was as high as 93.33%, which was obviously higher than that of the routine group (P < 0.05). Compared with the routine group, excellent rates of sitting durability and joint range of motion in the combined group were obviously higher (P < 0.05), and poor rates of sitting durability and joint range of motion in the combined group were obviously lower (P < 0.05). Compared with the routine group, VAS scores of the combined group at 1 d, 2 d, and 3 d after admission and at 1 d, 2 d, and 3 d after surgery were remarkably lower (P < 0.05). Compared with the routine group, compliance of exercise, medical waist belt using, and working posture of the combined group 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months after surgery was obviously higher (P < 0.05). Compared with the routine group, the scores of Rasmussen and Johner-Wruhs of the combined group 6 months after surgery were conspicuously higher (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The application of multimode health education combined with humanistic care in pain management of patients with femoral fracture can effectively relieve pain, improve the awareness rate of health knowledge, promote the recovery of lower limb function, and enhance the prognosis of quality of life for patients.
Effects of Graphic Health Warning on Tobacco Packs: A Cross-Sectional Study among Low Socioeconomic Group in Bangladesh
Authors: Mia Md. Tuhin , Talukder Mohammad Mahbub Alam , Ali Md. Mokshead , Ismael Md. , Mohamed Haniki
Published: December 2021

Background. Tobacco use is a significant health concern in Southeast Asia, particularly in Bangladesh, where the greatest incidence of tobacco consumption occurs in a number of forms smoking, smokeless, and indigenous. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) requires tobacco product packaging to include adequate health warnings (text and visual). The study’s objective is to investigate the effects of graphic health warnings on tobacco packs among Bangladeshi low socioeconomic groups. Study Design. Cross-sectional study. Methods. The study was conducted with 400 participants (low socioeconomic people) by using the systematic sampling technique through a semistructured questionnaire in Demra and Tongi industrial areas of Dhaka city in Bangladesh during September 2019-November 2020. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations) and inferential analysis (i.e., chi-square tests) were performed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25.0) to explore the relationship between the graphic warning and the use of tobacco. Results. This study illustrates that 89% of respondents smoke only cigarette or bidi, where 95.1% were daily smokers. About 72.2% reported pictorial warning message was more understandable while 90.8% reported the existing text warnings explicitly visualize the health harms. It has been found that there was a significant association between the respondent’s opinion on the text warning that encouraged the respondent to quit tobacco use and the text messages “smoking causes throat and lung cancer” (p < 0.001) and “smoking causes respiratory problems” (p < 0.001). Around 96.7% knew about the graphic health warnings on the cigarette packets where 99.2% reported graphic warning explicitly visualizes the health harms. In graphical warnings, text messages have a great influence on quitting smoking where “smoking causes throat and lung cancer” (p < 0.001) and “smoking causes stroke” (p < 0.001). Nearly 79.2% of respondents thought the color of the graphic warning should be “Red” and a significant association between the color and the education level of the respondents explored here (p < 0.05). Conclusions. GHWs are more understandable on tobacco packets, and it has significant impacts on being aware of health consequences from tobacco consumption.
A Modeling Study of the Productivity of Horizontal Wells in Hydrocarbon-Bearing Reservoirs: Effects of Fracturing Interference
Authors: Huang Lei , Jiang Peijia , Zhao Xuyang , Yang Liang , Lin Jiaying , Guo Xuyang
Published: December 2021

Commercial production from hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs with low permeability usually requires the use of horizontal well and hydraulic fracturing for the improvement of the fluid diffusivity in the matrix. The hydraulic fracturing process involves the injection of viscous fluid for fracture initiation and propagation, which alters the poroelastic behaviors in the formation and causes fracturing interference. Previous modeling studies usually focused on the effect of fracturing interference on the multicluster fracture geometry, while the related productivity of horizontal wells is not well studied. This study presents a modeling workflow that utilizes abundant field data including petrophysical, geomechanical, and hydraulic fracturing data. It is used for the quantification of fracturing interference and its correlation with horizontal well productivity. It involves finite element and finite difference methods in the numeralization of the fracture propagation mechanism and porous media flow problems. Planar multistage fractures and their resultant horizontal productivity are quantified through the modeling workflow. Results show that the smaller numbers of clusters per stage, closer stage spacings, and lower fracturing fluid injection rates facilitate even growth of fractures in clusters and stages and reduce fracturing interference. Fracturing modeling results are generally correlated with productivity modeling results, while scenarios with stronger fracturing interference and greater stimulation volume/area can still yield better productivity. This study establishes the quantitative correlation between fracturing interference and horizontal well productivity. It provides insights into the prediction of horizontal well productivity based on fracturing design parameters.
A Case of Brainstem Anesthesia after Retrobulbar Block for Globe Rupture Repair
Authors: Nanda Tavish , Ross Lisa , Kerr Gregory
Published: December 2021

Purpose. To present a rare case of brainstem anesthesia from retrobulbar block and discuss evidence-based methods for reducing the incidence of this complication. Case. A 72-year-old female, was given a retrobulbar block of 5 mL of bupivacaine 0.5% for postoperative pain management, after a globe rupture repair under general anesthesia. Prior to injection, the patient was breathing spontaneously via the anesthesia machine circuit and had not received any additional narcotics/muscle relaxants for 2.5 hr (with full recovery of neuromuscular blocking agent after anesthetic reversal). Over 7 min, however, there was a steady increase in ETCO2 and the patient became apneic, consistent with brainstem anesthesia. She remained intubated and was transported to the postanesthesia care unit for prolonged monitoring, with eventual extubation. Discussion. Brainstem anesthesia is an important complication to recognize as it can lead to apnea and death. The judicious use of anesthetic volume, shorter needle tips, and mixed formulations can help reduce the chance of brainstem anesthesia. Observation of the contralateral eye 5–10 minutes after injection for pupillary dilation, and prior to surgical draping, can help identify early CNS involvement.
The Configuration of Supply Chain Concentration and Staff Structure in Intelligent Manufacturing: A Fuzzy Sets Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Authors: Ding Jie , Wang Siqi , Chen Meilan
Published: December 2021

In traditional manufacturing enterprises, there are common problems of low added value of products, low profit, and poor business performance. As a result, they endeavor to transform themselves into intelligent manufacturing. To help with their transformation, this paper proposes a decision support model for managers to improve the business performance under different configurations of supply chain concentration and staff structure. Through the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis, the membership degree is given to the variables, and then the configuration analysis is carried out. We find that, to facilitate intelligent manufacturing, the concentration degree of supply chain or the structure of employee education should be adjusted according to the results from the qualitative comparative analysis of fuzzy sets. Two configuration paths to improve business performance are found. When the supply chain concentration degree is relatively decentralized, manufacturing enterprises should expand the proportion of sales personnel and production personnel. In other words, when the sales personnel and production personnel reach the saturation state, low concentration of suppliers and customers is more conducive to the improvement of business performance. The configuration of high proportion of production personnel and low customer concentration tends to lock enterprises in the lower end of the value chain. Therefore, it is critical for enterprises to improve the education level of employees to transform into intelligent manufacturing and improve their business performance.
In Vivo Evaluation of Gallium-68-Labeled IRDye800CW as a Necrosis Avid Contrast Agent in Solid Tumors
Authors: Stroet Marcus C.M. , de Blois Erik , Haeck Joost , Seimbille Yann , Mezzanotte Laura , de Jong Marion , Löwik Clemens W.G.M. , Panth Kranthi M.
Published: December 2021

Necrosis only occurs in pathological situations and is directly related to disease severity and, therefore, is an important biomarker. Tumor necrosis occurs in most solid tumors due to improperly functioning blood vessels that cannot keep up with the rapid growth, especially in aggressively growing tumors. The amount of necrosis per tumor volume is often correlated to rapid tumor proliferation and can be used as a diagnostic tool. Furthermore, efficient therapy against solid tumors will directly or indirectly lead to necrotic tumor cells, and detection of increased tumor necrosis can be an early marker for therapy efficacy. We propose the application of necrosis avid contrast agents to detect therapy-induced tumor necrosis. Herein, we advance gallium-68-labeled IRDye800CW, a near-infrared fluorescent dye that exhibits excellent necrosis avidity, as a potential PET tracer for in vivo imaging of tumor necrosis. We developed a reliable labeling procedure to prepare [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-PEG4-IRDye800CW ([68Ga]Ga-1) with a radiochemical purity of >96% (radio-HPLC). The prominent dead cell binding of fluorescence and radioactivity from [68Ga]Ga-1 was confirmed with dead and alive cultured 4T1-Luc2 cells. [68Ga]Ga-1 was injected in 4T1-Luc2 tumor-bearing mice, and specific fluorescence and PET signal were observed in the spontaneously developing tumor necrosis. The ip injection of D-luciferin enabled simultaneous bioluminescence imaging of the viable tumor regions. Tumor necrosis binding was confirmed ex vivo by colocalization of fluorescence uptake with TUNEL dead cell staining and radioactivity uptake in dichotomized tumors and frozen tumor sections. Our presented study shows that [68Ga]Ga-1 is a promising PET tracer for the detection of tumor necrosis.
Efficacy of MAVIG X-Ray Protective Drapes in Reducing CTO Operator Radiation
Authors: McCutcheon Keir , Vanhaverbeke Maarten , Dabin Jérémie , Pauwels Ruben , Schoonjans Werner , Desmet Walter , Bennett Johan
Published: December 2021

Background. The MAVIG X-ray protective drape (MXPD) has been shown to reduce operator radiation dose during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Whether MXPDs are also effective in reducing operator radiation during chronic total occlusion (CTO) PCI, often with dual access, is unknown. Methods. We performed a prospective, randomized-controlled study comparing operator radiation dose during CTO PCI (n = 60) with or without pelvic MXPDs. The primary outcomes were the difference in first operator radiation dose (μSv) and relative dose of the first operator (radiation dose normalized for dose area product) at the level of the chest in the two groups. The effectiveness of MXPD in CTO PCI was compared with non-CTO PCI using a patient-level pooled analysis with a previously published non-CTO PCI randomized study. Results. The use of the MXPD was associated with a 37% reduction in operator dose (weighted median dose 26.0 (IQR 10.00–29.47) μSv in the drape group versus 41.8 (IQR 30.82–60.59) μSv in the no drape group;

P
<
0.001

) and a 60% reduction in relative operator dose (median dose 3.5 (IQR 2.5–5.4) E/DAPx10−3 in the drape group versus 8.6 (IQR 4.2–12.5) E/DAPx10−3 in the no drape group;

P
=
0.001

). MXPD was equally effective in reducing operator dose in CTO PCI compared with non-CTO PCI (

P

value for interaction 0.963). Conclusions. The pelvic MAVIG X-ray protective drape significantly reduced CTO operator radiation dose. This trial is clinically registered with https://www.clinicaltrials.gov (unique identifier: NCT04285944).
Research on the Artificial Intelligence Teaching System Model for Online Teaching of Classical Music under the Support of Wireless Networks
Authors: Yang Jipeng
Published: December 2021

For the past year, everyone has been facing difficulties due to the fast spreading of the Corona Virus. As an extension, students, parents, and teachers are handling the challenges in the education sector. Since the COVID days, the schools and colleges were closed, and hence, the students were lagging in their subjects. As an alternative to this scenario, offline classes are converted to online courses, otherwise called virtual classes with virtual classrooms. Due to this conversion, the teaching has become a little more advanced by incorporating various computer‐based technologies. The technologies like artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and machine learning paved the way for exploring concepts in data transmission in terms of timely delivery of content, less error rate, and nontechnical terms like making the classes interactive and understanding the subject concepts. In this research work, the online teaching class on music is considered. To be specific, traditional Chinese music is taken for the study. An artificial intelligence model is designed with the aid of wireless sensor networks for the online class on the musical subject. Q‐learning algorithm, which is an artificial intelligence‐based reinforcement learning algorithm, is implemented. The aim of the Q‐learning algorithm in this online teaching of classical music is to check the frequency level of the music that aids in the automatic transfer of another wavelength inside the dataset.
Effects of GO/Al2O3 and Al2O3 Nanoparticles on Concrete Durability against High Temperature, Freeze‐Thaw Cycles, and Acidic Environments
Authors: Saliani Mehdi , Honarbakhsh Amin , Zhiani Rahele , Movahedifar Seyed Mojtaba , Motavalizadehkakhky Alireza
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the effect of GO/Al2O3 and Al2O3 synthesized nanoparticles on the durability of concrete is studied. To this end, after the synthesis of nanoparticles and confirmation of nanoparticles fabrication by SEM and FT‐IR spectra, three concrete samples for each experiment related to each mix design were prepared and subjected to freeze‐thaw cycles, high temperature, and acidic environment. The results show that the samples containing GO/Al2O3 nanoparticles had the least weight loss in freeze‐thaw cycles as well as better resistance against acidic environment and the lowest apparent changes at high temperature compared to the samples containing nano‐Al2O3 and the samples without nanoparticles. The replacement of 2 wt.% of cement with GO/Al2O3 nanoparticles results in the highest increase in concrete durability. The presence of nanoparticles in the concrete microstructure and the validation of the results are investigated by FT‐IR, SEM, and EDX spectra.
Effect of Allogeneic Oral Mucosa Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Equine Wound Repair
Authors: Di Francesco Paola , Cajon Pauline , Desterke Christophe , Perron Lepage Marie-France , Lataillade Jean-Jacques , Kadri Tewfik , Lepage Olivier M.
Published: December 2021

Objective. To assess the clinical value and safety of the application of allogeneic equine oral mucosa mesenchymal stromal cells (OM-MSCs) to wounds. Animals. 8 healthy adult horses without front limb skin lesions or musculoskeletal disease. Procedures. Stem cells were isolated from the oral mucosa of a donor horse. Horses were subjected to the creation of eight full-thickness cutaneous wounds, two on each distal forelimb (FL) and two on both sides of the thorax (TH). Each wound was subjected to one out of four treatments: no medication (T1), hyaluronic acid- (HA-) gel containing OM-MSC (T2), HA-gel containing OM-MSC secretome (T3), and HA-gel alone (T4). Gross macroscopic evaluation and laser digital photographic documentation were regularly performed to allow wound assessment including wound surface area. Full-thickness skin punch biopsy was performed at each site before wound induction (D0, normal skin) and after complete wound healing (D62, repaired skin). Results. All wounds healed without adverse effect at D62. Distal limb wounds are slower to heal than body wounds. OM-MSC and its secretome have a positive impact on TH wound contraction. OM-MSC has a positive impact on the contraction and epithelialization of FL wounds. No significant difference between wound sites before and after treatment was noted at histological examination. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance. Using horse cells harvested from oral mucosa is a feasible technique to produce OM-MSC or its secretome. The gel produced by the combination of these biologic components with HA shows a positive impact when applied during the early stage of wound healing.
Development Assessment of the Coal Industry of China Based on the Minimum Deviation Comprehensive Weight Evaluation Model
Authors: Ren Shihua , Zheng Dezhi , Qu Yang , Qin Rongjun , Jiao Xiaomiao , Bai Jinyan
Published: December 2021

Coal is the most reliable energy resource in China and has been in existence for a long time. The development model of coal industry is of great significance to carbon emission and environmental protection. In order to evaluate the development mode of China’s coal industry, this paper presents the constructed evaluation index system of the development mode of the coal industry from two dimensions, demand pull and factor drive. And, coal consumption is the measurement index of demand pull and selecting resources, capital, technology, human resources, and the energy system form the measurement index of factor drive. By analyzing the evaluation index system of the coal industry development mode and optimal evaluation method, the minimum deviation comprehensive weighting evaluation model, based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and entropy are constructed. The evaluation results show that the coal industry has continued the factor driven growth, driven by demand, in the past decades. Finally, the study analyzes the changes and challenges of the development of China’s coal industry from four aspects, development power, development mode, development effect, and development bottleneck, to provide support for revealing the internal mechanism of the development mode of China’s coal industry.
Study on Stability of Tunnel Surrounding Rock and Precipitation Disaster Mitigation in Flowing Sand Body
Authors: He Yongyi , Sun Bole , Wang Mingnian
Published: December 2021

Flowing sand is a special surrounding rock encountered by tunnel construction. Due to the looseness and low viscosity of the flowing sand, after excavation, the sand body is easy to flow along the open surface. In addition, the water seepage also causes tunnel instability. Considering the characteristics of water seepage, how to improve the stability of flowing sand bodies and prevent the instability of surrounding rocks has become a difficult problem. In this paper, a parametric experiment on the surrounding rock taken from the project site was carried out, and then, a numerical simulation of the flowing sand body was conducted to study the precipitation construction method and stability of the flowing sand body. Other than that, the tunnel face vacuum dewatering, vertical vacuum dewatering at the top of the tunnel, and the vacuum dewatering technology of the gravity well in poor geological section were systematically analyzed in our research. A radial vacuum enclosed precipitation process for the face of the tunnel was proposed, which effectively solved the problem concerning continuous seepage of water in the front. Through numerical simulation and field experiments, the basis for determining the precipitation parameters of the tunnel face was obtained, while aiming at the top position of the tunnel, a vertical vacuum negative pressure precipitation method of intercepting the top seepage water and the water supply behind the top of the tunnel was proposed. For the bottom of the tunnel, setting gravity wells on the side walls for the purpose of preventing seepage at the bottom was put forward. The application of these methods in the project ensured the safety of construction and improved the construction schedule. After the completion of the dewatering construction, the method of inserting plywood into the small pipe was adopted to avoid the collapse of the dry sand. Then, to solve the problem of borehole collapse in flowing sand bodies, pipe feeding was introduced, thus further enhancing the precipitation effect. Furthermore, in view of the problem that the dewatering hole in the flowing sand body is easy to collapse, resulting in the failure of 60% of the dewatering hole and the sand body is extracted from the dewatering pipe, causing the risk of the cavity at the top of the tunnel, a method of pipe following is presented to avoid the damage of geotextile caused by directly inserting the dewatering pipe and further improve the dewatering effect. All the above processes together form an omnidirectional three-dimensional negative pressure precipitation method that considers the special sand body flow and water seepage of unfavorable geology and that has been proved to enhance the stability of surrounding rock in practice.
Comparing the Forecast Performance of Advanced Statistical and Machine Learning Techniques Using Huge Big Data: Evidence from Monte Carlo Experiments
Authors: Khan Faridoon , Urooj Amena , Khan Saud Ahmed , Alsubie Abdelaziz , Almaspoor Zahra , Muhammadullah Sara
Published: December 2021

This research compares factor models based on principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) with Autometrics, elastic smoothly clipped absolute deviation (E‐SCAD), and minimax concave penalty (MCP) under different simulated schemes like multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation. The comparison is made with varying sample size and covariates. We found that in the presence of low and moderate multicollinearity, MCP often produces superior forecasts in contrast to small sample case, whereas E‐SCAD remains better. In the case of high multicollinearity, the PLS‐based factor model remained dominant, but asymptotically the prediction accuracy of E‐SCAD significantly enhances compared to other methods. Under heteroscedasticity, MCP performs very well and most of the time beats the rival methods. In some circumstances under large samples, Autometrics provides a similar forecast as MCP. In the presence of low and moderate autocorrelation, MCP shows outstanding forecasting performance except for the small sample case, whereas E‐SCAD produces a remarkable forecast. In the case of extreme autocorrelation, E‐SCAD outperforms the rival techniques under both the small and medium samples, but further augmentation in sample size enables MCP forecast more accurate comparatively. To compare the predictive ability of all methods, we split the data into two halves (i.e., data over 1973–2007 as training data and data over 2008–2020 as testing data). Based on the root mean square error and mean absolute error, the PLS‐based factor model outperforms the competitor models in terms of forecasting performance.
Grey Relational Analysis of Lower Limb Muscle Fatigue and Pedalling Performance Decline of Elite Athletes during a 30-Second All-Out Sprint Cycling Exercise
Authors: Wang Lejun , Yang Hua , Ma Guoqiang , Gong Mingxin , Niu Wenxin , Lu Tianfeng
Published: December 2021

The 30-second all-out sprint cycling exercise is a classical sport capacity evaluation method, which may cause severe lower limb muscle fatigue. However, the relationship between lower limb muscle fatigue and the decline in exercise performance during 30-second sprint cycling remains unclear. In this study, ten cyclists volunteered to participate in a 30-second all-out sprint cycling while power, cadence, and surface electromyographic (EMG) signals of eight lower limb muscles were recorded during the exercise. EMG mean frequency (MNF) of each lower limb muscle group was computed for every 3-second epoch based on wavelet packet transformation. Grey relational grades between pedalling performance and the EMG MNF of each lower limb muscle group during the whole process were calculated. The results demonstrated that EMG MNF of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus (VAS), gastrocnemius (GAS), and tibialis anterior (TA) progressively tired during a 30-second all-out sprint cycling exercise. Of the muscles evaluated, the degree of fatigue of TA showed the greatest association with exercise performance decline, whereas the muscle fatigue of RF, VAS, and GAS also significantly impacted exercise performance during a 30-second all-out sprint cycling exercise.
A Machine Learning‐Based Model for Predicting Atmospheric Corrosion Rate of Carbon Steel
Authors: Tran Ngoc-Long , Nguyen Trong-Ha , Phan Van-Tien , Nguyen Duy-Duan
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop a practical artificial neural network (ANN) model for predicting the atmospheric corrosion rate of carbon steel. A set of 240 data samples, which are collected from the experimental results of atmospheric corrosion in tropical climate conditions, are utilized to develop the ANN model. Accordingly, seven meteorological and chemical factors of corrosion, namely, the average temperature, the average relative humidity, the total rainfall, the time of wetness, the hours of sunshine, the average chloride ion concentration, and the average sulfur dioxide deposition rate, are used as input variables for the ANN model. Meanwhile, the atmospheric corrosion rate of carbon steel is considered as the output variable. An optimal ANN model with a high coefficient of determination of 0.999 and a small root mean square error of 0.281 mg/m2.month is retained to predict the corrosion rate. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis shows that the rainfall and hours of sunshine are the most influential parameters on predicting the atmospheric corrosion rate, whereas the average chloride ion concentration, the average temperature, and the time of wetness are less sensitive to the atmospheric corrosion rate. An ANN‐based formula, which accommodates all input parameters, is thereafter proposed to estimate the atmospheric corrosion rate of carbon steel. Finally, a graphical user interface is developed for calculating the atmospheric corrosion rate of carbon steel in tropical climate conditions.