bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teacher Views of Teaching English through English (TETE) in Japanese Junior High Schools: Findings from the Inside
Authors: Reed Nathaniel
Published: November 2020

This study investigates teacher perspectives on a recent directive from the Japanese Ministry of Education (MEXT), which states that “lessons should be given in English at junior high schools (JHSs), in principle, according to the level of understanding of students” (MEXT, 2014, p. 4). I am a native English-speaking teacher (NEST) and taught with twelve Japanese national non-native English-speaking teachers (NNEST) in two Niigata-based junior high schools throughout the 2017 to 2018 academic year. In one of the schools I spoke only English (whilst teaching and outside of class), and in the other school I spoke the students’ L1s (Japanese and Spanish), and English (students’ L2). My classroom experiences are discussed through reflective practice. Data from questionnaires and interviews indicate NNESTs’ perceptions of the study and opinions of teaching English through English (TETE). I finally discuss challenges that the TETE experience presented to my teaching and suggest ways to overcome them.
本論は、文部科学省（MEXT）の「生徒の理解の程度に応じて、中学校では授業は英語で行うことを基本とする」（MEXT, 2014: 4）という近年の方針に対する教員側からの受け止め方について調査したものである。英語母語話者の教員（NEST）である筆者は、2017-2018年度に非英語母語話者の日本人英語教員（NNEST）12名とともに新潟県の中学校2校において英語を指導した。実験群の学校ではNESTは指導中に英語のみを話し、統制群の学校では生徒の母語である日本語及びスペイン語（L1）と英語（L2）で話した。教室におけるNESTの体験について振り返りを基に議論された。本研究に対するNNESTの受け止め方や、英語を英語で指導した授業（TETE）に関する意見はアンケートおよびインタビューによって収集された。本論は、英語を英語で教えることの課題や、それを克服する方法について論じている。
System of Adsorption of CO2 in Coalbed
Authors: Klunk Marcos Antônio , Dasgupta Sudipta , Das Mohuli , Shah Zeban
Published: November 2020

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been observed as an alternative measure to mitigate emissions from greenhouse gases. CCS systems separate CO2 during the process of converting fuel and transport to the facilities where they are stored, e.g., under geological formation conditions. Capture and sequestration technologies are now widely used in different industries. CO2 capture is currently a costly and energy-consuming technology. The costs obviously depend on the size of the plant and the type of fuel used. Generally, capture systems are categorized into three categories: pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion. The saline aquifer, depleted oil, and gas fields are large-capacity storage sinks. The coalbeds also provide as a substitute to geological storage. One of the main advantages of coal storage is renewable methane fuel and coal desulfurization. The studied coal reserves are located in Candiota, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. These are the largest coal deposits in the country, with a reserve of 1 billion tons. This work will represent a study on CO2 storage in Candiota coalbed system. The use of a synthetic CO2 cylinder with a flow of 0.2 L /min varies the time of contact with the coalbed. The results from the volatile matter increase by 11%. The results of the ultimate analysis exhibited an 8% increase for carbon and oxygen after 60 minutes of CO2 flow in the coalbed. On the other hand, there was a reduction of 32% for sulfur. The resultant phenomena occur due to the adsorption capacity of CO2, where the compounds are released from the pores of coal
Study of Alazani River and Surface Water Composition in Some Villages of Kakheti Region of Georgia
Authors: Kupatadze Ketevan
Published: November 2020

The article reviews the chemical composition of borehole and surface waters in three villages of one of the regions of Georgia - Kakheti, Gurjaani Municipality. The study was specifically focused on iodine content in waters. It turned out that certain amount of iodine really existed in borehole waters, which means that by everyday drinking of water, the human body gets maybe not the complete required amount of iodine, but at least some part of it. It was also discovered, that according to certain parameters, waters are clean, do not contain heavy metals and can be freely used for drinking and cooking. The chemical composition of the Alazani River was also examined according to all four seasons. This river is interesting because of being used for irrigation of vineyards and fruit gardens.
Waste Frying Oil Transesterification Treated by Steam Drag Method
Authors: Marins Daniel Sena , Cardoso Marcos Vinícius Oliveira , Santos Mara Eliza , Massinhan Jeferson
Published: November 2020

Demand for diversified biodiesel feedstocks is high and increasing, but few are viable for large-scale production, and many of those selected compete with other sectors of the chemical industry. To improve energy and environmental sustainability, fatty acids from waste oils that are improperly disposed of and pollute the environment can be used for transesterification reactions. However, they need treatment to achieve high conversion rates. In this context, the aim of this work was to perform and analyze the treatment of residual frying oil with the evaporation and entrainment process, aiming at its use as raw material to obtain biodiesel (methyl esters) by a transesterification reaction. The physicochemical properties of the residual oil after treatment were characterized by moisture content, pH and the acidity, saponification, iodine, and peroxide index. The conversion rate of the residual oil to methyl esters was determined by 1H NMR analysis. After the treatment, the method of analysis of variance showed that the oil obtained a significant reduction of the saponification, iodine, peroxide and acidity indexes, being the acidity reduced from 9.36 to 7.85 mg KOH g-1. The moisture content of 0.733 % and elevation of pH to 8.0. The conversion rate of fatty acid biodiesel of residual oil was 79.3 %, lower value of standards norms (ASTM, 2005; EN, 2008; ANP, 2014), showing that the assigned methodology for frying residual oil is inefficient in biodiesel production
Heat Dissipation at Cement Hardening
Authors: Zhumadilova Zhanar , Akmalaiuly Kenzhebek
Published: November 2020

During the construction of concrete structures of small cross-sections, the release of heat during cement hardening has no harmful effects. With the increasing temperature of the hardening cement mass, the rate of cement hydration increases. This increases the rate of release of its heat of hydration of cement. The consequence of the accelerated process of hydration of the binder is a more intensive increase in the strength of cement stone than in the case of hardening under normal conditions. This fact is widely used in practice for the intensification of the hardening of concrete. When structures with small cross-sections are being built, the heat released during hardening is relatively quickly transferred to the surrounding space and does not cause a significant increase in temperature. In structures made of massive concrete (with a large cross-section), this heat is stored in the interior of the array for a long time, which causes a rather large rise in temperature and its slow drop. This is due to the fact that heat transfer to the external environment is hampered here by the considerable thickness of the massif and the rapid rate of concreting, mechanized laying of large masses of concrete. As a result, a temperature difference is created between the internal and external parts of the structure and harmful internal stresses arise that can cause cracking in the hardened concrete. This leads to a violation of its solidity. The faster cement hydrates, the sooner and more heat is released. The types of cements with a high content of tricalcium silicate and aluminate emit more heat and rather than types of cement with a high content of dicalcium silicate and tetra-calcium aluminoferrite. However, the latter has a lower strength. The increase in strength resulting from the hydration process is inevitably associated with the release of heat into the environment
Misuse and Abuse of Drugs: a Cross-Sectional Survey Among Pharmacy Professionals in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshayban Dhafer , Joseph Royes , Lucca Jisha , Aljishi Fatimah , Alsadiq Yara
Published: November 2020

Prescription and non-prescription medication misuse or abuse is a global problem that has a negative impact on all human life aspects, including health, social, economic, and security status. According to the United Nations Office on Drug and Crime reports, over 5% of adult people used drugs at least once in the year 2015, and 29.5 million of them were suffered from the consequences of inappropriate use of drugs. Information on the knowledge and perception among pharmacists regarding the misuse and abuse medications in Saudi Arabia are limited, and therefore, a study was conducted among pharmacy staff to assess their knowledge and awareness on drug misuse and abuse. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Pharmacy professionals with more than three months of experience were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the participant’s responses. A Chi-square test was used to evaluate the association of sociodemographic factors with the participant's responses. Ninety pharmacy professionals were responded. Overall, 69 (76.7%) participants agreed that misuse and abuse are two different terms. In addition, the study showed different responses for patients who suspected to be medication abusers. In conclusion, this study provides an initial picture of pharmacy staffs’ knowledge and opinion regarding the misuse and abuse of medicines in Saudi Arabia. Participants’ reactions toward such behaviors were different and not consistent. Therefore, there should be a clear policy to define the role of the pharmacy staff toward the misuse and abuse of medication in Saudi Arabia
The contemporary importance of the Old Canal area for the centre of Bydgoszcz and its influence on the city’s cultural landscape
Authors: Grześkow Iga
Published: November 2020

European cities are centuries-old connections of social and cultural interrelations
in which the history and heritage of generations have formed a specific model
of collective life and culture. The nature, prestige and signs of urban life in these
cities are best indicated by their public spaces and their structure and inclusion in
the urban tissue. Being presentable areas as well as places of social intercourse
and activity, public spaces form multipurpose areas which establishe the
city’s cultural landscape. Simultaneously, the game for urban areas in the city
and related economic interests, and market all activities promoting the city's
image and interfering with the city’s structure, pose a threat to the sensible
development of the most valuable parts of the urban space. Globalisation
processes contribute to the unification and standardisation of any forms of life,
including space. The need for maintaining the continuity of urban tissue requires
that its historical traces be cultivated. In this context, the contemporary role of
the Old Canal area for downtown Bydgoszcz and its influence on the development
of the city’s cultural landscape are part of the current strategies for the cultureforming regeneration of urban space.
Actitud de compra en redes sociales de la generación Z de Lima Sur
Authors: Garcia Salirrosas Elizabeth
Published: November 2020

Objetivo. Conocer la actitud de compra mediante las redes sociales de la generación Z. Método. Bajo el enfoque cuantitativo, una muestra de 401 jóvenes del sur de Lima, respondió a una encuesta sobre el uso que hacen de las redes sociales y su actitud de compra por intermedio de ellas, para ello se aplicó un análisis estadístico de las medidas de tendencia central como la media, la mediana y la moda. Resultados. El análisis de los datos posiciona a WhatsApp como la aplicación que lidera en uso con un 41% seguido de Facebook con un 28%. El 80% de esta generación ingresa a sus redes sociales mediante el uso de un teléfono móvil o smartphone, solo el 11,7% utiliza una laptop. El 30,2% permanece en las redes sociales de 2 a 4 horas y el 26% de 6 a 8 horas. Sin embargo, el 51,1% de la generación Z se ve ocasionalmente influenciada por esta red social a la hora de realizar sus compras. Conclusión. La generación Z es el sector donde hay un uso masivo de las redes sociales, sin embargo, estas redes no influyen significativamente en su comportamiento de compra.
The Genesis of Ideas about Morality
Authors: Курносова М.Г.
Published: November 2020

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с теоретическим освещением представлений о нравственности от античного периода до наших дней. Дается анализ развития этих представлений в истории философско-психологической мысли и демонстрируется актуальность проблемы в контексте современного общества, обусловленная нравственным кризисом.
Цель работы заключается в раскрытии сущности понятия нравственности в процессе исторического становления и с точки зрения современных исследователей.
В качестве методов исследования выступают изучение архивных материалов, теоретический анализ историко-психологических и философских источников, связанных с нравственной проблематикой.
На основе историко-ретроспективного метода анализируются психологические понятия о нравственности и ее компоненты в разные периоды времени и соотносятся с современными научными представлениями данной категории. В заключении делается вывод о том, что современный этап изучения нравственности и ее составляющих характеризуется комплексным, системно-интегративным подходом к содержательной разработке данной категории.
Теоретическая и практическая значимость определяется тем, что результаты проведенного исследования позволяют создать более полную картину развития представлений
о нравственности в истории психологической науки и способствуют более глубокому изучению процесса духовно-нравственного развития личности.

The article treats issues associated with the evolution of morality-related theories from antiquity to modern times. The article analyzes the evolution of ideas about morality in philosophical and psychological thought and maintains that the relevance of the analyzed issues is accounted for by the moral crisis plaguing modern society.
The aim of the work is to reveal the essence of the concept of morality through the process of its historical development and from the point of view of modern scholars.
The author employs such methods of research as investigation of archival materials, theoretical analysis of historical, psychological and philosophical sources associated with the issue of morality.
The historical-retrospective method is used to analyze psychological ideas about morality and its components in different periods of time. It is also used to compare historically-relevant ideas about morality with modern ones. The author concludes that the modern stage of the investigation of morality and its components is characterized by a complex, systemic-integrative approach to the content of the issue.
The theoretical significance and the practical value of the research consist in the fact that its results enable a researcher to see the evolution of ideas about morality in history of psychology and promote a more profound investigation of the process of people’s moral and spiritual development.
Provider risks connected with uncertainty in the legal nature of online games’ terms of use
Authors: Andrianova Maria A. , Vlasenko Ellina V.
Published: November 2020

In the practice of the Russian courts, when creating an account in an online multiplayer game, any agreement concluded between the provider and the user seems to be covered by article 1062 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, which is why this topic is not subject to judicial examination. However, this approach is unlikely to be applied for much longer, as it does not stand up to criticism. It can only be interpreted as a court attempt to insulate itself from the issue of virtual property. This article is devoted to the consideration the key risks to a provider related to the uncertain legal status of an online games’ terms of use, particularly the prohibition to share a user’s account or login credentials with anyone and a user’s actual rights to virtual content associated with his account. To achieve the research goal, the authors review the legal literature and perform a case study in this area, use a comparative method to identify legislative approaches in different legal systems regarding a user’s rights to their account and the virtual content connected with it, and determine the aspects of the user agreement that obviously contain risks for the provider. As a result of the research, the authors conclude that online multiplayer games are a sphere that tends to self-regulate. Therefore, to the extent possible, the risk of imbalance between self-regulation capabilities and the need to avoid abuse of the current situation, both by providers and users, should be minimized. The main source of regulation for relations between providers and players remains an agreement between them, which can be qualified as a mixed contract. However, such a qualification carries a risk for the provider, due to the complexity of determining the consequences of using the agreement as a single document, which combines various goals, ranging from determining the amount of processing of a player’s data and to fixing the legal regime of a user’s account. Regarding prohibition to share a user’s account, the authors assume that, according to Russian legislation, the most appropriate path is to determine it as a prohibition of assignment to secure providers from the liability for protection of users’ data. The lack of special regulation in this area allows the provider, through the terms of use, to sidestep the potential risk of protecting the player’s copyright on virtual content associated with his account. The authors, however, suggest that using an analogue of the American “sweat of the brow” doctrine in user agreements can to a certain extent remove the provider’s risks associated with the players’ real rights to their in-game property.
What does self-medication counseling in Bulgarian community pharmacies look like – a field study
Authors: Lebanova Hristina , Balkanski Stefan , Naseva Emilia , Getov Ilko N.
Published: November 2020

The aim of the study is to identify the current practices of self-medication in Bulgaria, estimate the extent patients are influenced by information about the safety of OTC products and pharmacists’ role and behavior in the process. An anonymous, questionnaire-based, descriptive study was carried out among 280 pharmacists.

The majority of the patients (92.6%) ask for pharmacists’ advice before buying OTC products. Most often patients need OTC drugs for mild conditions (80.7%), to save time (63.9%), and because they are unable to consult a physician (61.9%). The medium duration of consultation for an OTC product is between 5 and 10 minutes. The main barriers hindering the process are unwillingness from the patient (72.5%), lack of time (27.5%), and lack of confidentiality (26.6%). OTC medicines are considered safer than prescription-only medicines by pharmacists.

Pharmacists could substantially contribute to rational self-medication and alleviate the burden on healthcare systems.
Short-term Efficacy of the Percutaneous Vertebroplasty Using a Curved Versus Straight Vertebroplasty Needle in Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures
Authors: Geng Zhihua , Zhou Quanfa , Shang Guowei , Ji Yanhui , Kou Hongwei , Liu Hongjian
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of the curved puncture approach with 2 conventional approaches in percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for the treatment of single-level osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Ninety-six patients with a single-level thoracolumbar vertebral fracture were surgically treated in the authors' department from February 2016 to February 2018. Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups, including 25 patients who had PVP punctured with a curved vertebroplasty needle (group C), 40 patients with unipedicular PVP with a straight vertebroplasty needle (group U), and 31 patients with bipedicular PVP with a straight vertebroplasty needle (group B). The short-term efficacies of PVP using different vertebroplasty needles were compared. Significant differences were tested preoperatively and postoperatively in vertebral body height variation, visual analog scale score, and Oswestry Disability Index in each of the 3 groups (
P
<.05). There was no significant difference among the groups in terms of Cobb angle correction and bone cement leakage. Group C and group U were superior to group B in terms of operative time and injected cement volume (
P
<.05). Twenty-four (96.0%) patients in group C and 29 (93.5%) patients in group B had centered cement distribution without significant differences (
P
>.05), which was superior to group U (
P
<.05). Curved puncture PVP achieved a satisfactory clinical outcome for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, with the advantages of less operative time, less injected cement volume, and more reasonable cement distribution for stabilization of the affected vertebrae. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(1):e131–e138.]
Preoperative Sedative Use and Other Risk Factors for Continued Narcotic Use After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Comprehensive Analysis of a Mandatory Database
Authors: Wilt Zachary T. , Tan Timothy L. , Rondon Alexander J. , Wang William L. , Foltz Carol , Beredjiklian Pedro K. , Arnold William V.
Published: November 2020

Opioids are used for pain control after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and carry risk for abuse. Mandatory statewide databases have been created to monitor their use. The goal of this study was to identify patient risk factors for prolonged opioid use after TKA. The authors retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 676 primary TKA procedures performed between January 2017 and July 2017. Information on fulfillment of narcotic, sedative, benzodiazepine, and stimulant prescriptions was obtained from the Pennsylvania State Controlled Substance Monitoring website 6 months before and 1 year after the procedure. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for the need for a second prescription and opioid use for longer than 6 months. Of this cohort, 30.3% used preoperative opioids, 60.5% filled a second opioid prescription, and 11.8% continued opioid use for longer than 6 months. Patients who had opioid use before the index procedure had more than 3-fold (odds ratio [OR], 3.29;
P
<.001) increased odds of filling a second opioid prescription and 8-fold (OR, 8.05;
P
<.001) increased odds of postoperative opioid use for longer than 6 months. Multivariate analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for requiring a second prescription, including discharge to a rehabilitation facility (OR, 2.77), bilateral procedures (OR, 1.88), preoperative narcotic use (OR, 1.70), and younger age (OR, 0.95). Independent risk factors for narcotic use for longer than 6 months included preoperative sedative (OR, 3.30) or narcotic use (OR, 1.49). This study identified several risk factors associated with prolonged narcotic use after TKA, including preoperative sedative use, and determined their relative weight. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(1):e50–e54.]
Application of novel synthesized nanocomposites containing κ-carrageenan/PVA/eggshell in cement mortars
Authors: Sanrı-Karapınar I. , Pehlivan A. O. , Karakuş S. , Özsoy-Özbay A. E. , Yazgan A. U. , Taşaltın N. , Kilislioğlu A.
Published: November 2020

This study is a preliminary attempt to present the preparation and the first time a κ-carrageenan/PVA/eggshell nanostructure is used as a novel biodegradable and homogeneous nanostructure in cement composition. In order to clearly understand the effects these additives have on the mechanical properties of cementitious composites, they were synthesized in double and triple combinations and added into mortar mixtures. Three different cement mortar specimens were prepared by integrating the additives in ratios of 0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1% by cement weight and flexural and compressive strengths of the specimens were determined at the ages of 7 and 28 days. The flowability of the presented nanostructures was also discussed. The results revealed a 10–11% increase in both compressive and flexural strengths for the specimens prepared with the triple combination of the proposed additives. Moreover, strain capacity was enhanced as a result of the efficient dispersion of additives in the cement matrix.
Higher Education Governance of Big Data
Authors: Soliudeen Muhammed Jamiu , Adenuga Kayode Ibrahim , Sadiq Fatai Idowu
Published: November 2020

In this chapter, the authors conducted a study on higher education governance of big data. Big data can be described as the amount of data created which is beyond the technical capacity to be efficiently processed, stored, and managed. There are six objectives for the study, which are to investigate the characteristics of big data in higher education, in how big data contributes to higher education, how to govern big data in higher education, the higher educational governance models, the roles of government in managing higher education and the big data initiative in the developing nations. Kitchenham methodology is adopted in this study to carry out a systematic literature review. The finding, therefore, reveals that the characteristics of big data include value, velocity, volume, veracity, and variety. The findings show that big data contributes to higher education by given real-time feedback, monitor students'school performance. It shows that big data can be used for the detection of attrition risk, data visualization, students's skill estimation, and grouping and collaborations among the students. It also shows that big data can be governed through provisions of information security, compliances, and ensuring privacy. This chapter, therefore, contributed data quality and accountability as other methods of governing big data. Therefore, the authors recommend the future study to cover data stakeholders in higher education.
Celiac Disease
Authors: Shaaker Haalah M.
Published: November 2020

This chapter reveals and discusses a case involving celiac disease (CD). CD is a common, lifelong, genetically-based autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of the proximal small intestine. This disease is triggered by eating foods containing gluten, which causes intestinal discomfort. Gluten is a protein that is found naturally in wheat, barley, and rye and is common in foods such as bread, pasta, cookies, and cakes. Many pre-packaged foods, lip balms and lipsticks, hair and skin products, toothpaste and vitamin and nutrient supplements contain gluten, although it is rarely found in medicine. The key to living with CD is to follow a gluten-free diet. This case shows the role of medical nutrition therapy in managing and preventing the undesirable symptoms of CD. Moreover, it allows dietetic professionals to assess celiac patients' conditions and provide them with relief from undesirable symptoms, while also establishing an effective follow-up plan with each patient.
PMU Placement Optimization for Fault Observation Using Different Techniques
Authors: Bentarzi Hamid
Published: November 2020

This chapter presents different techniques for obtaining the optimal number of the phasor measurement units (PMUs) that may be installed in a smart power grid to achieve full network observability under fault conditions. These optimization techniques such as binary teaching learning based optimization (BTLBO) technique, particle swarm optimization, the grey wolf optimizer (GWO), the moth-flame optimization (MFO), the cuckoo search (CS), and the wind-driven optimization (WDO) have been developed for the objective function and constraints alike. The IEEE 14-bus benchmark power system has been used for testing these optimization techniques by simulation. A comparative study of the obtained results of previous works in the literature has been conducted taking into count the simplicity of the model and the accuracy of characteristics.
Fault Tree-Based Root Cause Analysis Used to Study Mal-Operation of a Protective Relay in a Smart Grid
Authors: Bentarzi Hamid
Published: November 2020

This chapter presents how root cause analysis based on fault tree technique can be used to study mal-operation of protective relay in a smart power grid. This approach is used to identify disturbances first and root cause of mal operation of protective relays which may lead to unnecessary tripping and hence to blackout. Once the critical root causes are identified, mitigation measures first such as blocking protection functions and digital filters may be used in view of increasing the reliability of the considered protection system. The proposed approach has many advantages as it allows obtaining an important quantitative figure (security). These permits to strongly strengthen the elements of the protecting system which are most likely appropriate to failure and hence the impact on the overall system's cost is significant. Another main advantage is that it takes into account the reliability of the software part of the system which is considered to have a significant contribution in the overall reliability of the protecting system.
Transformation in Vegetation and Urban Sprawl in Gotan and Surrounding
Authors: Ahmad Rizwan , Sudarshana Ramaraju
Published: November 2020

The main driving forces associated with transformation of vegetation cover and urban sprawl, are undoubtedly climate change and human intervention. Finding the truth behind transformation of Gotan, Rajasthan Landsat TM/ETM+ data of the years 1987,1990, 1995, 2000, 2003, 2010, 2015, and 2018 were used. These time series data comprising total of nine scenes were selected to measure the urban and green cover transformation in the past four decades. Landsat TM/ETM+ data were used because it is inexpensive, with high monitoring frequency and covers large areas. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of 1987–2018, derived from the remote sensing dataset along with the application of statistical methods and GIS techniques, were used to quantify vegetation cover change. The results show that human-induced factors can explain most variations at sites with significant cover change. It has been a well-known fact that sustainable development presents a system in order to accomplish economic growth, bring about social justice, implement environmental awareness and most certainly the fortification of government sector.
Inward Internationalization
Authors: Alves Alexandra Almeida , Rodrigues Carolina Ferreira , Gonçalves Cristiana Durães , Conceiçao Joana , Moreira António Carrizo
Published: November 2020

This chapter analyzes the internationalization strategy of a small hotel firm of Central region of Portugal. It is based on a case study and the main objective is to discuss what internationalization theory best explains the company's internationalization strategy. This chapter explores a gap in the literature on inward internationalization involving a player of service-based firm of the hotel industry. The literature reviews the main internationalization patterns—Uppsala model, network-based model, and inward internationalization—in order to analyze behavior of small hotel and its internationalization. At the end of the chapter, a table summarizes the main characteristics of the internationalization process of each model presented. This chapter adds value by explaining how a small service-based firm of the hotel industry manages to address its inward internationalization process.
Intermediary Interpreters in University-Industry Collaboration to Support Manufacturing SMEs
Authors: Walden Roderick , Nemme Anton
Published: November 2020

This chapter will present a series of university-industry collaboration (UIC) projects between a university industrial design research unit and various small-medium (manufacturing) enterprises (SMEs) with a focus on the facilitators role in these projects. Previous research has referred to ‘innovation intermediaries' as a term to define (service) firms that proactively facilitate collaboration between two or more parties in innovation projects. In terms of technological development these have been exemplified as research and technology organisations (RTOs). The authors suggest an adjacent term ‘intermediary interpreters' to describe the key facilitator by bringing together the term 'intermediaries' and the term ‘interpreters' as they are defined by Roberto Verganti. These individuals have specialised external expertise and ability to take part in the ‘design discourse; to support innovation. The authors argue that intermediary interpreters are an important third party in UIC projects that provide unique support that can help SMEs embrace innovation strategy and more effectively internationalise.
Cultural Intelligence
Authors: Roehl Carolin
Published: November 2020

For individuals in management positions, globalization has reinforced contact with foreign cultures and provided opportunities to be assigned to projects abroad. Expatriates encounter additional challenges varying from differently-oriented work forces to building a new life in a foreign country. The organizations must ensure that employees are well selected, prepared, and supported throughout the expatriation process. An exploratory study of German project managers in Portugal is conducted to elaborate the importance of cultural intelligence in business. Current understandings of both national cultures and their potential conflict factors are portrayed and German expatriates questioned about their work environment and private adjustment to Portuguese culture. Performance-orientation and assertive culture on the managers' side and relationship-focus and high-context communication on the employees' side triggered difficulties with work tasks. Differences related to the cultural dimension collectivism versus individualism complicated the expatriates' adjustment to the local culture.
The Effect of Export Diversification on Economic Growth
Authors: Özkaya Mehmet Hilmi , Yücel Tuba
Published: November 2020

There are many studies on the growth of emerging economies under the leadership of foreign trade in the literature. The majority of the mentioned studies reveal that exports increase growth. In addition to expressing the increase in exports in numbers in recent years, it is also seen that researches about its effect on growth are also prominent. In this context, Dumitruscu-Hurlin (2012) panel causality test was applied using data covering the period of 1990-2018 to determine the relationship between Turkey and BRICS countries' product diversification in exports and economic growth. Findings obtained shows that product variety in exports in the relevant country group is effective on long-term economic growth.
The Past and the Present of Düyun-u Umumiye
Authors: Ergüder Başak
Published: November 2020

In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between the capitalist state and, institutions that affected Turkey's financial integration with the capitalist global economy in the context of a comparative analysis. In the study, the Ottoman Public Debt Administration (OPDA) which was effective during the process of the integration of the Ottoman state into the world capitalism in the First Globalization Phase (1870-1914) is analyzed by comparison with the General Directorate of Borrowing. The General Directorate of Borrowing is also called as the post-modern Düyun-u Umumiye because of its organizational structure. The common feature of the Ottoman Public Debt Administration and the General Directorate of Borrowing is that both were established after the financial crises. In this study, General Directorate of Borrowing will be evaluated in terms of global economic developments and prospects and, within an analysis in comparison with the Ottoman Public Debt Administration.
The Role of Digital Technology in Rural Entrepreneurship and Innovations
Authors: Abeysinghe Dinithi U. , Malik Mohsin
Published: November 2020

Rural entrepreneurship paves the way to solve issues faced by rural population by spurring economic development in the rural areas. However, the entrepreneurial ventures within the rural areas also face a number of issues in initiating new ventures. The advancement of the digital technologies, technological platforms, and digital artifacts may provide a solution for such issues faced by the rural entrepreneurs. This chapter aims to explain how digital technologies assist rural entrepreneurs in overcoming the problems they face. In addressing this problem, the chapter will provide a broader understanding of the rural entrepreneurship and the issues it faces. The solutions for these issues are then discussed by highlighting the role of digital technology in supporting entrepreneurial ventures. Finally, a conceptual framework depicting the drivers of rural digital entrepreneurship is presented.
Empowering Marginalized Women Through Entrepreneurship
Authors: Nawaz Faraha
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze some positive life changes happened through micro-finance-driven entrepreneurship development among a sample of marginalized women in Bangladesh. The chapter is based on both primary and secondary data collected from two villages in Rajshahi district in Bangladesh. The author argues that when poverty is reduced, women are better able to meet their practical gender needs; however, they are not empowered unless they are also able to meet their strategic gender needs. The author also argues in this chapter that although entrepreneurship development empowers women, it cannot bring empowerment to all women equally at all levels. In the concluding remarks, the author contends that although many women are empowered at the household level, very few are empowered at the community level.
Strategic Use of Agriculture Information System by Agripreneurs in Rural Economies
Authors: R. Krishnadas , R. Renganathan
Published: November 2020

The penetration of digital technologies has opened new avenues to integrate rural farmers into a new digitally driven agri-food system. Digitalization is fundamentally changing the way of the agricultural technologies and such new technologies help farmers, manufacturers, retailers, and customers in their daily activities. The development of digital technologies with the presence of information systems is essential in altering the mode of business processes. However, on the other hand, the differences between rural and urban technological facilities broadens due to a lack of information access. To bridge the rural and urban divide, technologies can play an important role among rural entrepreneurs. This chapter is an attempt to investigate the agricultural entrepreneurs or agripreneurs use of agricultural information systems to implement innovative approaches in dynamic market conditions.
Applying a Methodology in Data Transmission of Discrete Events From the Perspective of Cyber-Physical Systems Environments
Authors: França Reinaldo Padilha , Iano Yuzo , Monteiro Ana Carolina Borges , Arthur Rangel
Published: November 2020

Most of the decisions taken in and around the world are based on data and information. Therefore, the chapter aims to develop a method of data transmission based on discrete event concepts, being such methodology named CBEDE, and using the MATLAB software, where the memory consumption of the proposal was evaluated, presenting great potential to intermediate users and computer systems, within an environment and scenario with cyber-physical systems ensuring more speed, transmission fluency, in the same way as low memory consumption, resulting in reliability. With the differential of this research, the results show better computational performance related to memory utilization with respect to the compression of the information, showing an improvement reaching 95.86%.
Career Development of Black-Immigrant College Students
Authors: Wambu Grace W. , Childs Jonique
Published: November 2020

The career development of Black immigrant college students has been understudied. More often studies have focused on immigrants of the Latino/a and Asian backgrounds. The few studies that have focused on Black students do not distinguish between those of immigrant origin, rather Black immigrant students are lumped together with the native born African American students, negating their unique experiences. In this chapter, the authors present a theoretical perspective of understanding career development, factors that influence career choice and development, challenges in career development, as well as interventions appropriate with this population. Research has revealed major gaps in the understanding of Black immigrant students' college experience and career development. Consequently, future research suggestions have been provided.
Internet of Things
Authors: Khan Imran , Oliveira Lídia , Amaro Ana Carla , Melro Ana
Published: November 2020

The potential of IoT applications is now recognized, namely the use the IoT as a technological solution for societal challenges such as in health, education, industries, tourism, agricultural, and for this chapter concern, in cultural heritage dissemination. This chapter presents the different evolutionary phases of IoT and its different generations, first-generation experienced embedded things, second-generation a complex social web of things, and third-generation experience the autonomous social objects and cloud computing. This chapter analyzes the characteristics of IoT, for example interconnectivity, intelligence, heterogeneity, safety, monitoring and control, big data and analytics, information sharing and collaboration. Furthermore, this chapter describes the different usage of IoT scenarios applications in some specific areas, such as agriculture, cultural heritage, and tourism.
Evaluation of Architectural Heritage by Various Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Analysis
Authors: Mishra Partha Sarathi , Muhuri Soumi
Published: November 2020

Selection of the architectural heritage (AH) for conservation considers many dimensions and parameters, which is a multitasking process. Many parameters can be valued directly, while others indirectly. The process of evaluation should be robust for all decision-makers. As such, the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) process seems apt. This research evaluates various MCDM methods using Odishan temple architecture as the case study. Five dimensions as architectural and aesthetic value, economic value, environmental and ecological value, historical value, and socio-cultural value have been identified. The selected MCDM methods are weighted sum method, weighted product method, weighted aggregated sum product assessment, evaluation based on distance from average solutions, techniques for the order of preference by similarity to ideal solutions, additive ratio assessment, complex proportional assessment, combinative distance-based assessment, and VIKOR. This study compares different MCDA methods for the best AH using different dimensions.
A Reliable Trust Computing Mechanism in Fog Computing
Authors: Hallappanavar Vijay Lingaraddi , Birje Mahantesh N.
Published: November 2020

Due to the lack of trust on IoT devices, the integration of fog computing and IoT devices is hindered. Trust is considered to have two notions: subjective trust where the user puts his individual interests to the interactions and objective trust which depends only on individual interaction experiences. This paper proposes a reliable trust computing mechanism based on subjective and objective trust. The subjective trust is calculated from feedback of multiple sources. The incentive and punishment mechanism is applied to the subjective trust to avoid malicious devices. The objective trust is calculated based on quality of services. The overall trust helps the IoT devices to determine the trustworthiness of other IoT devices and in turn helps to establish a trusted environment. The experimental results show that the performance is better than existing methods in terms of time required to calculate the overall trust, reliability, and trustworthiness of IoT devices.
Effect of Printing Parameters on Compressive Strength of Additively Manufactured Porous Bone Scaffolds Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Sahu Kiran Kumar , Modi Yashwant Kumar
Published: November 2020

This paper presents Taguchi's design of experiment approach to optimize the process parameters of a 3D printer for enhancing the compressive strength (CS) of porous bone scaffolds. Effect of four process parameters, namely layer thickness (LT), build orientation (BO), build position (BP) on platform, and delay time (DT) on CS of calcium sulfate-based bone scaffolds, have been studied experimentally. L9 orthogonal array (OA) is chosen to design and perform the experiments. LT: 89 µm, BO: 0o, BP: Middle, and DT: 200 ms are the optimum values of parameters obtained by S/N ratio analysis. LT is most significant (48.18%), BO is slightly less significant than LT (45%), BP is little significant (6.39%), and DT is found non-significant (0.43%) as per the ANOVA analysis. A linear regression model is developed to predict the CS of fabricated scaffolds. The developed model is found adequate with 94.4% and 93%, R-sq and R-sq(adj) values, respectively. The confirmation test results in a maximum difference of 8.18% between experimental and predicted values of CS.
Performance-Aware Approach for Software Risk Management Using Random Forest Algorithm
Authors: Aggarwal Alankrita , Dhindsa Kanwalvir Singh , Suri P. K.
Published: November 2020

Software quality assurance and related methodologies are quite prominent before actual launching the application so that any type of issues can be resolved at prior notifications. The process of software evaluation is one of the key tasks that are addressed by the quality assurance teams so that the risks in the software suite can be identified and can be removed with prior notifications. Different types of metrics can be used in defect prediction model and widely used metrics are source code and process metrics. The focus of this research manuscript is to develop a narrative architecture and design for software risk management using soft computing in integration with the proposed approach of random forest approach is expected to have the effectual results on multiple parameters with the flavor of multiple decision trees. The proposed approach is integrated with the framework of meta-heuristics with random forest in different substances and elements to produce a new substance.
Grammatical Metaphor in English-Chinese Translation
Authors: Si Xianzhu , Wang Jing
Published: November 2020

This paper aims to apply grammatical metaphor (GM) in systemic functional linguistics (SFL) into translation studies. From the concept of functional equivalence in terms of ideational meaning, interpersonal meaning, and textual meaning required of target text (TT) relative to source text (ST) proposed by SFL, it is necessary for the translators to manipulate respectively on the transitivity system, mood system, modality system, and theme system that embody ideational meaning, interpersonal meaning, and textual meaning. Since the same meaning can be expressed in different grammatical structures, the translators, in this process, are faced with a variety of grammatical forms, among which congruent form and metaphorical form are included. To attain the goal of translation prescribed above, the translator has to choose an accurate and appropriate structure. The article then discusses the necessity and effects of GM's application into English to Chinese translation to ensure the quality of the works translated.
The World Health Organization dengue case classifications
Authors: Jayarajah Umesh , Dissanayake Upul , Edirisinghe Kamali , Seneviratne Suranjith L.
Published: November 2020

No abstract available