bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FISSIPAROUS SEA CUCUMBER (Holothuria atra) POPULATION IN NORTH LOMBOK, INDONESIA
Authors: Indriana Lisa Fajar , Firdaus Muhammad , Supono - , Soffa Fawzan Bhakti
Published: October 2018

Sea cucumbers belonged to the species of Holothuria atra are one of the holothurians that could reproduce asexually through fission particularly when their ambient environments are not optimum to reproduce sexually. The reproductive pattern of H. atra has been shown to correlate with to the condition of H. atra population as well as their habitats and environments. This study aims to investigate the asexual reproduction and fission rate of H. atra in Tanjung, North Lombok, Indonesia. We conducted surveys in February, May, July, August, September and December 2016 by applying the free collection method. A total of 1,383 individual H. atra were collected consisting of 931 intact or normal individuals, 174 anterior individuals, 261 posterior individuals and 17 uncategorized individuals. Fissioned H. atra were found in every sampling conducted in the six different months with fission rates range from 5.53 to 30.40%. This research shows that the population of H. atra in Tanjung, North Lombok, are susceptible to asexual reproduction (fission). Fission rate value of > 5% is associated with an adaptation mechanism of H. atra to maintain their population in the wild. Further investigation on the environmental conditions stimulating H. atra fission is needed to understand the reproduction and population dynamic of this species in Tanjung waters.
PARTICLE SIZE CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVERBED SEDIMENTS TRANSPORTED BY TIDAL BORE ‘BONO’ IN KAMPAR ESTUARY, RIAU-INDONESIA
Authors: Gemilang Wisnu Arya , Wisha Ulung Jantama , Rahmawan Guntur Adhi
Published: October 2018

The presence of tidal bore in the Kampar River (locally known as ‘bono’) may influence sedimentation in the Kampar River and its estuary. Understanding sedimentation mechanisms (e.g., erosion, deposition) is important to communities along the Kampar River, which can be studied by analyzing characteristics of grain size distribution. Here, we study riverbed sediment samples collected from 17 stations using an Ekman grab sampler, accompanied by bathymetry and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements. Grain size data show that the sediments are coarser upstream and gradually finer downstream. Silty sands are predominant in the upstream section of the river, sands in its river body and sandy silts in the downstream. The results indicate the influence of undular bores on grain size characteristics. We also found that the propagation of bono and Kampar River’s funnelshaped morphology cause intense scouring events of riverbed sediments. Sortation values that range between 0.332.14 suggest unstable currents that result in randomly deposited sediments. The sediment mass transfer per area is positively towards downstream at the low tidal condition. However, after the passage of the bores, the sediment mass transfer area becomes negatively towards upstream.
POLLUTION OF COASTAL AREAS OF JAKARTA BAY: WATER QUALITY AND BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES
Authors: Kunzmann Andreas , Arifin Zainal , Baum Gunilla
Published: October 2018

Coastal development, growing urbanization and industrialization are the most important stressors of coral reefs worldwide. Jakarta is one of the largest megacities worldwide. The coral reefs of the Thousand Islands north of Jakarta have degraded dramatically over the last 30-40 years. While large-scale gradients (i.e., regional drivers) have been extensively studied and shown shifts and declines in coral cover and composition, local drivers and their impact on spatial community composition have been neglected. The aim of our study is to investigate the spatial impact of anthropogenic stressors on local and regional scales on coral reefs north of Jakarta. Our results demonstrate that reefs in the north of the Thousand Islands are separated from the reefs in Jakarta Bay (JB), where a direct impact of Jakarta can be seen. Local anthropogenic effects rather than regional gradients have shaped a spatial patchwork of differentially degraded reefs along the nearshore islands. The main anthropogenic stressor is pollution and sedimentation rate, NO2, PO4 and chlorophyll-a explain over 80% of the variation. Surfactants and diesel-borne compounds from sewage and bilge water discharges are common pollutants. Responses to combinations of selected pollutant with elevated temperature (+3°C) were determined in the metabolic performance of the coral reef fish Siganus guttatus. During combined exposure, metabolic depression was observed. Effects of pollutants were not amplified by elevated temperature. In a study about two dominant soft coral genera, Sarcophyton spp. and Nephthea spp., on dissolved inorganic nutrients (DIN), turbidity (NTU), and sedimentation combined with measurements of photosynthetic yield and respiratory electron system (ETS) activity water quality seems to control the relative abundance and physiology of dominant soft corals in JB. In order to reverse or prevent phase shifts from hard to soft corals, there is a need to manage the water quality better. It is concluded that the intense anthropogenic pressure from local as well as regional sources is responsible for the spatial structure and health of reefs. Therefore, improved spatial management with a focus on both local and regional stressors is needed for effective marine conservation.
Biological Networks: An Introductory Review
Authors: Zaghloul Salem Mohammad Saad
Published: October 2018

All aspects of life activities in living cells are mediated/executed and regulated by a vast number of networks, comprising a wide spectrum of components, starting with simple biomolecules and ending with the whole organism, and functioning within a precisely organized tight framework. Proper mediation of cellular activities necessitates their inclusion within the context of structured and organized network systems capable of regulating/coordinating and synchronizing the countless numbers of biological processes occurring within living cells. The number of biological networks and pathways within the living cell is considerably huge, being dependent on the structural complexity and functional capabilities of the cell. Pathogenesis and progression of human diseases result from functional disturbances of biological networks within the cell as disturbed network function leads to deleterious effects on physiological processes dependent on, and mediated by, affected network(s). Ensuing pathological processes, defined by the nature of disturbed networks and the specific organs or tissues affected, pave the way for the development of pathognomonic and characteristic disease entities. As most network functions are dependent on relatively small number of key regulatory biomolecules, i.e. enzymes/proteins and signal transducing factors, it follows that functional disturbances of biological networks and pathogenesis of disease states can be attributed, in most instances, to quantitative and/or qualitative abnormalities of these key regulatory molecules. Study and analysis of the structural designs and the functional mechanisms of biological networks would have crucial and important impacts on many theoretical and applied aspects of biology, in general, and of medical sciences in particular. Meticulous study of biological networks represents an important and integral aspect in study of biology. Interpretation and analysis of key information deduced from observing and analyzing structural designs and functional characteristics and dynamics of biological networks discloses and defines the basic framework within which life activities in living cells are initiated, adapted to physiological requirements, maintained, and terminated upon completion of their aims. More important, however, is the contribution of this information to proper understanding of the different mechanisms responsible for regulating and synchronizing the functions and performances of the vast spectrum of different network categories within the cell. In addition to its vital scientific significance, discovering and defining the key pivotal structural and regulatory molecules within life-mediating networks, and along different pathways responsible for controlling functional dynamics of the network, represent an indispensable diagnostic approach insistent for designing proper therapeutic approaches to diseases caused by network defects.
Z badań nad tradycją polskiej pedagogiki. Indywidualizm – Edukacja – Kolektywizm, pod red. E. Magiery, t. I, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Humanistycznego Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego „Minerwa”, Szczecin 2015, ss. 172
Authors: Głowacka-Sobiech Edyta
Published: October 2018

.
Sprawozdanie z konferencji „Instytucje edukacyjne w Krakowie i na ziemiach polskich w XIX i początkach XX wieku”. Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie, 1–2 kwietnia 2016
Authors: Puchowska Małgorzata
Published: October 2018

.
Cele ideowe i struktura organizacyjna Wszechzwiązkowej Organizacji Pionierskiej imienia W.I. Lenina oraz jej miejsce w systemie wychowanie nowego człowieka (homo sovieticus)
Authors: Grzybowski Romuald
Published: October 2018

One of the characteristics of the second half of the 19th and 20th centuries was the tendency of young people to gather in youth associations and organisations. Some of these were created spontaneously and their activities were illegal, while others were created by the authorities of particular states, especially totalitarian ones. One example of such an organisation was the All-Union Pioneer Organisation, established by the leaders of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in 1922. Its strategic goal was to participate in the education of the new man, who was to become homo sovieticus, a higher variety of homo sapiens, in the future. The Pioneer Organisation fulfilled this task by organising children of school age (aged 9 to 14) and subjecting them to a systematic ideological and political training based on the Leninist or Stalinist model. The activities of the Pioneer Organisation were supervised by the Komsomol and additionally by the leadership of the communist party ruling the USSR. The structure of the Pioneer Organisation included groups, packs and cells. Like the Komsomol, the Pioneer Organisation also had its symbols, such as the threepointed red scarf that symbolised three generations: communists, komsomolets and pioneers, as well as a pioneer badge, a pioneer salute, a uniform, bugles and a snare drum.
A corpus linguistic investigation into online peer feedback practices in CALL teacher education
Authors: Sert Olcay , Aşık Asuman
Published: October 2018

This study investigates the online peer feedback practices of teacher trainees who are engaged in designing CALL materials. The participants are 111 pre-service English language teachers enrolled in a teacher education programme in Turkey, who post the materials they produce to an online course blog and then evaluate each other’s materials. The data come from the compilation of blog posts produced to provide online peer feedback, forming the Corpus of Online Peer Feedback in Teaching. The data are analysed using corpus linguistics, drawing on frequency, collocation, concordance, and keyword analyses. Our findings show that the participants highlight particular features of CALL materials such as student-centeredness, learner interest, and visual aspects by using constructive peer feedback with hedged evaluations, which brings data-based evidence for their knowledge on and beliefs about CALL materials. This research makes a methodological contribution to the study of online data in the field of language teacher education by employing the analytical lense of corpus linguistics. More importantly, the findings reveal that such an analytic approach can bring new insights into understanding the technological and pedagogical knowledge and beliefs of teachers in relation to language teaching materials design and development. The implications of the findings for research on CALL teacher education as well as on feedback and reflection practices are discussed.
I’m sorry (to interrupt): The use of explicit apology in turn-taking
Authors: Park Innhwa , Duey Margo
Published: October 2018

Contributing to research on workplace interactions and turn-taking practices, this conversation analytic study examines how people take turns during multi-party workplace meetings. In particular, we analyze 12 hours of video-recordings of faculty meetings at a U.S. school district, and show how meeting participants use explicit apology (e.g. I’m sorry; I’m sorry to interrupt) for turn-taking. The apology carries out interactional work in two ways: 1) it acknowledges that a (possible) offense (i.e. interruption) has occurred, and 2) it indicates that the current speaker will self-select to take and keep the turn. The self-selector produces the apology mid-turn after the turn-initial overlap is resolved and before continuing with her turn. We first analyze cases in which the self-selector uses explicit apology after having begun her turn during the current speaker’s ongoing turn. In most of these cases, the self-selected turn is sequentially disjunctive in that it is not directly responsive to the immediately preceding turn. We then show how the self-selector uses explicit apology when she needs to compete with another self-selector to take the turn. The study findings have implications for the turn-taking organization in meeting interactions.
Architectural Reconstructions in post-war Poland
Authors: Omilanowska Małgorzata
Published: October 2018

The article is an attempt at identifying the positive and negative effect the decisions to reconstruct monuments made immediately following the end of World War II and that of reconstructing Warsaw’s Royal Castle made 25 years after the war had on the perception of monuments and the historical value of the urban tissue. It is in this perspective that the reconstruction cases performed in Poland after 1989 (namely after the collapse of Communism) and their social impact are analyzed. The examples which are both negative: falsifying historical knowledge and insulting aesthetical criteria, as well as positive: manifesting high instructive values, are pointed to. Moreover, the question is asked how it is possible that in the 21st century people are attracted to the idea of reconstructing monuments which were not destroyed in the course of World War II, but significantly earlier. In Poland, for instance, a political idea has been recently conceived to reconstruct several dozen mediaeval castles ruined in the 17th century
Parental Transfers, Intra-household Bargaining and Fertility Decision
Authors: Gahramanov Emin , Gaibulloev Khusrav , Younas Javed
Published: October 2018

This paper examines the role of parental transfers on family size. We introduce a simple theoretical model of fertility decision where preferences towards children may differ between female and male spouses. Parental transfers increase both the household income and the bargaining power of the recipient spouse. Therefore, transfers from wife’s and husband’s parents may have dissimilar effects on the number of children. Our empirical result, based on a unique household-level data for Japan, supports this hypothesis. In particular, received transfers from the wife’s parents are negatively associated with the demand for children. In contrast, both received and expected transfers from the husband’s parents are positively associated with the demand for children. These results hold important policy implications.
Modeling of Fermentation Process of Bacillus Thuringiensis as a Sporulating Bacterium
Authors: Soleymani Soroush , Sarrafzadeh Mohammad-Hossein , Mostoufi Navid
Published: October 2018

This paper intended to develop a model for predicting the progress in sporulation of Bacillus thuringiensis as an industrially important sporulating bacterium. Three distinct forms of B. thuringiensis can be observed during the fermentation process: vegetative cells, sporangia and mature spores. A mathematical model was developed for estimating the population of these three cell forms of this bacterium. A cell population balance was derived to represent the dynamic behavior of the fermentation process in a fed-batch culture. An unstructured and segregated model was used for this purpose. Experimental data at various oxygen saturation levels (0, 50 and 100 %) were used for validating the model. The model consists of a partial differential equation that describes the distribution of the cell population based on the cell age. This equation was solved by the method of lines in MATLAB. The proposed model can properly describe the cell populations and sporulation development in the mentioned conditions.
Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Oxidation Roasting of Oxide–Sulphide Zinc Ore with Addition of Manganese Dioxide Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Lin Jin , Zhu Xingcai , Yang Kun , Peng Jinhui
Published: October 2018

The present study deals with a microwave-assisted oxidation roasting oxide–sulphide zinc ore technology of with addition of manganese dioxide. Effects of roasting parameters such as MnO2 addition level, roasting temperature, and holding time are studied by using the Central Composite Design (CCD). Meanwhile, zinc calcines are characterized by phase compositions analyses(XRD), structure characteristics of minerals (FT-IR), micro-area chemical analyses (SEM-EDAX) and elemental valence bonding analyses (XPS), which prove to be in accordance with the CCD results. The optimum roasting conditions are decided as MnO2 addition level being 85.14 %, roasting temperature 680 °C, and holding time 41 mins, and oxidation degree of zinc can reach 88.22 %. Besides, when MnO2 addition level reaches a certain value, zinc will aggregate in a form of ZnMn2O4, one battery material.
A Study on the Role of Clostridium Saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 (ATCC 13564) in Producing Fermentative Hydrogen
Authors: Sepehri Sara , Rostami Khosrow , Azin Mehrdad
Published: October 2018

Comparing with other biological processes, a technological method associated with bio-energy has been developed as the result of the high possibility of fermentative hydrogen productivity; In addition, restricted fossil fuel has been also substituted. The production of fermentative hydrogen is a complicated process influenced by different factors including different kinds of micro-organisms, initial concentration of substrate, inoculum size, initial pH of the medium, concentration of nutrients metals, etc. Thus, the present study is aiming at detecting such different agents to obtain the highest yield of hydrogen and progressing its operation through improving the efficiency of these agents by reliable experimental design. Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4(ATCC 13564) was applied to produce hydrogen in a batch manner. The highest yield of hydrogen has been resulted in 3.016 mol of hydrogen per mol glucose with production rate of 3.281 mole of hydrogen per hour at 37 °C, 10 % of inoculums size, 10 g/L of an initial glucose concentration, initial pH of medium of 6.5, 30 mg/L of FeSO4.7H2O. Furthermore, the experimental results were compared to kinetic model of Gompertz. Moreover, it was found out that the experimental issues were compatible with this kinetic model with the regression coefficient values of 0.989.
Inhibitory effects of Tiliacora triandra (Colebr.) Diels on cholesterol absorption
Authors: Duangjai Acharaporn , Saokaew Surasak
Published: October 2018

Background

Natural supplements and herbal medicines have been attracted to use for managing elevated cholesterol levels. Tiliacora triandra (Colebr.) Diels (TT) or Yanang (in Thai) is commonly used as an ingredient in various types of Thai foods. In this study, we investigated the effect of methanolic TT leaf extract on cholesterol absorption by measuring the uptake and the efflux of cholesterol and cholesterol micellar solubility. In addition, we tested the effect of TT leaf extract on pancreatic lipase activity.

Methods

The uptake and efflux of cholesterol was determined by quantification of radioactivity in differentiated Caco-2 cells after treatment with radioactive cholesterol. Cholesterol mixed micelles were prepared for cholesterol uptake, efflux and solubility studies. The pancreatic lipase activity was determined using 4-methylumbelliferyl oleate as a substrate.

Results

Our finding showed that TT extract decreased the uptake of cholesterol by approximately 48% but did not affect the efflux of cholesterol. TT inhibited pancreatic lipase activity with the IC50 at 273.5 μg/mL and also decreased cholesterol micellar solubility.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that TT leaf extract seems to be a potential candidate as cholesterol-lowering agents.
Capitulation of the 2-ideal classes of type (2, 2, 2) of some quartic cyclic number fields
Authors: Azizi Abdelmalek , Jerrari Idriss , Zekhnini Abdelkader , Talbi Mohammed
Published: October 2018

Let

p
≡

3

(

mod
4

)

{p\equiv 3\pmod{4}}

and

l
≡

5

(

mod
8

)

{l\equiv 5\pmod{8}}

be different primes such that

p
l

=
1

{\frac{p}{l}=1}

and

2
p

=

p
l

4

{\frac{2}{p}=\frac{p}{l}_{4}}

. Put

k
=

ℚ
⁢

(

l

)

{k=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{l})}

, and denote by ϵ its fundamental unit. Set

K
=

k
⁢

(

-

2
⁢
p
⁢
ϵ
⁢

l

)

{K=k(\sqrt{-2p\epsilon\sqrt{l}})}

, and let

K
2

(
1
)

{K_{2}^{(1)}}

be its Hilbert 2-class field, and let

K
2

(
2
)

{K_{2}^{(2)}}

be its second Hilbert 2-class field. The field K is a cyclic quartic number field, and its 2-class group is of type

(
2
,
2
,
2
)

{(2,2,2)}

. Our goal is to prove that the length of the 2-class field
tower of K is 2, to determine the structure of the 2-group

G
=

Gal
⁡

(

K
2

(
2
)

/
K

)

{G=\operatorname{Gal}(K_{2}^{(2)}/K)}

, and thus to study the capitulation of the 2-ideal classes of K in all its unramified abelian extensions within

K
2

(
1
)

{K_{2}^{(1)}}

. Additionally, these extensions are constructed, and their
abelian-type invariants are given.
Situatedness and Translation Training: Scaffolding Skills and Progressive Methods
Authors: Akbari Alireza , Gholamzadeh Bazarbash Monir , Segers Winibert
Published: October 2018

Translation Studies have encompassed professional and contextual frameworks to study situatedness in translation training. Situatedness in translation training is associated with vocational and functionalist perspectives of TS. Situated Translation Learning (STL) has initiated various training approaches and practices planned for the translation students to be prepared for professional activities such as recruitment in translation agencies and universities. These training approaches and practices involve various practice-based proposals such as portfolios, translation tasks, and professional apprenticeships. The present paper is an attempt to analyze the principal arguments regarding scaffolding in translation learning, to highlight the situated translation experience at the University of Isfahan, Iran, and to demonstrate the significance of the progressive and reflective approaches in terms of situatedness in translation contexts. With this idea in mind, the main focus of this study is on the role of portfolios as inclusive scaffolding tools.
Zur koreanischen Entsprechung für deutsche deverbale Substantivgruppen
Authors: Nam Han Yong
Published: October 2018

This paper deals with the morphological, syntactic and semantic features of the German deverbal noun phrases. It also examines important aspects to be considered for the correct choice of the Korean equivalents for the German deverbal noun phrases. The focus was on the semantic relationships between the head word and the dependent word in the noun phrases derived from transitive verbs, case-governing intransitive verbs and intransitive verbs without case-governing, and the method of finding equivalents in Korean language.
Estimating the Conflict Dimensionality in the German Länder from Vote Advice Applications, 2014–2017
Authors: Nyhuis Dominic , König Pascal
Published: October 2018

Building on the spatial model of party competition, we investigate the structure of political conflict in German subnational politics. Little research has examined the conflict dimensionality at theLänderlevel. Moreover, the few studies which have done so predominantly rely on a deductive approach that pre-structures the conflict space using presumed conflict dimensions. In this paper, we put these dimensionality assumptions to the test with an inductive approach that capitalizes on parties’ preference expressions in vote advice applications. We circumvent the common concern that data from vote advice applications is too sparse for assessing political conflict structures by estimating a space that bridges multiple elections. Unlike previous research, we find that political conflict is defined by a comprehensive left-right dimension and a secondary dimension separating mainstream parties from fringe competitors. This anti-establishment dimension is characterized by diverging preferences over democratic institutions and policies considered consensual among the political mainstream.
Development of an Innovative Liner Leak-Detection Technique
Authors: Pandey Lopa Mudra S. , Shukla Sanjay Kumar
Published: October 2018

This study introduces an innovative diagnostic technique for the detection of leaks through liners using the changes in the electrical resistivity of the base soil. The system design is based on the well-known principles of the electrical resistivity method. A new leak-detection system is developed by pairing a resistivity-sensing technique with four-probe ground resistance–testing equipment. The guidelines given by AS 1289.4.4.1-1997, Methods of Testing Soils for Engineering Purposes—Soil Chemical Tests—Determination of the Electrical Resistivity of a Soil—Method for Sands and Granular Materials (Superseded), are used for the system design. The details for the fabrication of the system are presented extensively in this article. Some test results are also provided to substantiate the efficacy of the system in determining leakage issues through liners. It is demonstrated that this system can be used to effectively detect and locate liner leaks by simulating the field conditions. This newly developed innovative diagnostic technique can be useful in designing the monitoring systems for waste storage and handling facilities, contamination detection, liner leak detection, development of sensors, and so on.
Full-Match Method to Determine the Coefficient of Radial Consolidation
Authors: Chung S. G. , Park T. R. , Hwang D. Y. , Kweon H. J.
Published: October 2018

This study presents a novel approach to determine the coefficient of consolidation (ch), which represents the complete behavior of primary consolidation while instantaneously loading consolidation tests with central drainage (CD) and peripheral drainage (PD). The entire consolidation range (i.e., ultimate settlement δult) was graphically determined using settlement rate variations, and then ch was obtained by best fitting such data range with 2-D theoretical solutions. The proposed method and 11 existing methods were applied to 15 existing test data. The applicability of the estimated δult and ch values was verified via back analysis. Results indicate that the errors between the back-analyzed and measured settlements are within a maximum of 7 % in the case of the proposed method but within a maximum of over 50 % in the case of existing methods. Thus, the ch values obtained using existing methods on the CD and PD test results varied within the range of 60–120 % and 50–70 %, respectively, of those of the proposed method. Such substantial underestimation or overestimation was mainly attributed to the variations between the theoretical and experimental time–settlement relationships, incorrectly determined δult, and limitations in graphical procedures.
An Internet of Things for Manufacturing (IoTfM) Enterprise Software Architecture
Authors: Nguyen Vinh , Dugenske Andrew
Published: October 2018

An Internet of Things for Manufacturing (IoTfM) has the potential to boost manufacturing by enabling the ability to monitor, analyze, and adjust production processes. However, manufacturers struggle with individually adhering to the wide variety of protocols utilized by Internet of Things (IoT) devices. This article proposes a low-cost architecture based upon the publish-and-subscribe standard for implementing IoTfM. The proposed system utilizes a message-queuing telemetry transport broker to handle data transfer in addition to a payload format designed for equipment monitoring. Low-cost gateways are used to adapt existing equipment and applications to the proposed architecture. Therefore, the architecture is a low-cost, nonintrusive, and flexible system for implementing IoT applications in production facilities.
Direct Cortical Recordings Suggest Temporal Order of Task-Evoked Responses in Human Dorsal Attention and Default Networks
Authors: Raccah Omri , Daitch Amy L. , Kucyi Aaron , Parvizi Josef
Published: October 2018

The past decade has seen a large number of neuroimaging studies focused on the anticorrelated functional relationship between the default mode network (DMN) and the dorsal attention network (DAN). Due principally to the low temporal resolution of functional neuroimaging modalities, the fast-neuronal dynamics across these networks remain poorly understood. Here we report novel human intracranial electrophysiology data from six neurosurgical patients (four males) with simultaneous coverage of well characterized nodes of the DMN and DAN. Subjects performed an arithmetic processing task, shown previously to evoke reliable deactivations (below baseline) in the DMN, and activations in the DAN. In this cohort, we show that DMN deactivations lag DAN activations by approximately 200 ms. Our findings suggest a clear temporal order of processing across the two networks during the current task and place the DMN further than the DAN in a plausible information-processing hierarchy.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe human brain contains an intrinsic and strictly organized network architecture. Our understanding of the interplay across association networks has relied primarily on the slow fluctuations of the hemodynamic response, and as such it has lacked essential evidence regarding the temporal dynamics of activity across these networks. The current study presents evidence from high spatiotemporal methods showing that well studied areas of the default mode network display delayed task-induced activity relative to divergent responses in dorsal attention network nodes. This finding provides direct and critical evidence regarding the temporal chronology of neuronal events across opposing brain networks.
Die zivilrechtliche Haftung für Basisinformationsblätter nach Art. 11 Abs. 2 PRIIP-VO als eigenständige Anspruchsgrundlage des EU-Rechts
Authors: Wilhelmi Rüdiger , Kuschnereit Rouven
Published: October 2018

Kurzinformationsblätter gehören inzwischen zum festen Repertoire der deutschen und europäischen Finanzmarktregulierung. Die Basisinformationsblätter der VO (EU) Nr. 1286/2014 (PRIIP-VO) stellen die jüngste Maßnahme des Unionsgesetzgebers in Bezug auf die Information der Anleger über Finanzmarktprodukte dar. Wichtiger Teil des Regulierungskonzepts ist die Einstandspflicht für die Fehlerfreiheit der den Anlegern gegebenen Informationen. Dementsprechend ordnet die PRIIP-VO in Art. 11 eine zivilrechtliche Haftung für fehlerhafte Basisinformationsblätter an. Diese ist als eigene Anspruchsgrundlage des europäischen Rechts ausgestaltet. Als solche wirft sie eine Vielzahl von Fragen auf, die nicht nur die Anwendung der Vorschrift, sondern auch Grundfragen des Privatrechts der EU und seiner Anspruchsgrundlagen betreffen. Ihnen geht der folgende Beitrag nach.
Marketplace Lending und Verbriefungen: beunruhigende Parallelen?
Authors: Dinger Valeriya , Grundke Peter , Hartmann Bernd J.
Published: October 2018

Die Autoren analysieren Parallelen zwischen dem Markt für Verbriefungen vor und während der Finanzkrise 2007 – 2009 und der aktuell als innovativ diskutierten Finanzierungsform des Marketplace Lending, bei dem Fremdkapital in Form von Krediten über Online-Marktplattformen vermittelt werden. Diese Gemeinsamkeiten betreffen in erster Linie Transparenzprobleme, fehlendes Monitoring und möglicherweise reduzierte Kreditvergabestandards. Daneben werden auch Parallelen zwischen Marketplace Lending und dem Markt für Mittelstandsanleihen in Deutschland analysiert. Auch wenn die aus Marketplace Lending resultierenden Finanzmarktstabilitätsrisiken aufgrund geringer Volumina und dem bisherigen Fokus auf Privatpersonen als Schuldner noch gering sein mögen, zeigt die Diskussion, dass bei aller Euphorie für die potenziellen Vorteile innovativer, digitalisierungsaffiner Finanzierungsformen mögliche Risiken nicht außer Acht gelassen werden sollten, damit sich Fehler der Vergangenheit nicht wiederholen.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND MINERAL CONTENT OF ROCKET (ERUCA SATIVA) PLANT FROM ITALIAN AND BULGARIAN ORIGINS
Authors: Matev Georgi , Dimitrova Petya , Petkova Nadezhda , Ov Ivan , Mihaylova Dasha
Published: October 2018

Rocket plant (Eruca sativa) is a green leafy vegetable with significant levels of bioactive active components. Although, this plant is known in Bulgaria, scanty data concerning chemical composition of representatives with Bulgarian origin is available. The aim of this study was to evaluate and to compare the biological potential of Italian and Bulgarian rockets in terms of their antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and total hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. The micro- and macro elements were evaluated as well. The highest content of total phenolic content was detected in Bulgarian rocket – 4.45 mg gallic acid equivalent per g dry weight, while in Italian samples dominated the total hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives – 1.52 mg chlorogenic acid equivalent per g dry weight. The antioxidant activity was not significantly different in both samples. The presence Co and Al was reported for the first time, as in our study their values were higher in a rocket from Italian origin (75.6 and 595 mg/kg). Italian rocket contained arsenic (0.07 mg/g) in comparison with Bulgarian samples where it was not found. The results revealed the sample with Italian origin as a significant better source of antioxidants with potential beneficial effects. Bulgarian rocket was evaluated with smaller amount of some metals as nickel, arsenic, chromium, manganese, aluminum and sodium, but the concentrations of Pb (0.58 mg/kg) and Cd (0.27 mg/kg) were higher than accepted levels by EU.
THE HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN SELECTED KIND OF SPICES
Authors: Harangozo Ä½uboÅ¡ , Šnirc Marek , Árvay JÃºlius , Bajčan Daniel , Bystrická Judita , Trebichalský Pavol , Kovarovič JÃ¡n , Jančo Ivona
Published: October 2018

Hazardous (heavy) metals are widely spreaded in our environment, which is endangered by these hazardous metals that infiltrate water, air, soil, plants and subsequently in the food chain. This has a major impact on human health and animal health, because these metals can cause serious health problems. For this reason, it is very important to control the occurrence of heavy metals in the environment, water, air and soil, and then eliminate them to the permissible limit values.
Spices have been used in the past as natural flavors, used to highlight or create flavor. Nowadays, spices are commonly found in different trade chains and different brands. Consumer information is a very important decision-making factor when purchasing, but there are not always, on the packaging, all the information on harmful substances. For this reason, it is important to clarify the content of the risk metals, as it can prevent health problems and difficulties, and consumers can choose a healthy food (spice). Regarding this fact, the aim of this study was to closely determine the amount of hazardous (heavy) metals in selected kinds of spices (basil, black pepper, marjoram, sweet red paprika) that can cause serious health issues, if the limited levels of these heavy metals described in the Codex Alimentarius of Slovak republic are overstepped. The analyzed spices were purchased from three local markets. The amount of lead (5.59 mg.kg-1) and cadmium (1.38 mg.kg-1) were exceeding the highest acceptable limits stated in the Codex Alimentarius SR (Cd 0,50 mg.kg-1, Pb 5 mg.kg-1) in all three samples of basil. The content of cuprum and zinc was under the highest acceptable limits stated in the Codex Alimentarius of the Slovak Republic. According to these findings, we would recommend more inspections focused on the level of heavy metals in spices.
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF Arachis hypogaea L. SEEDS AND ITS OIL
Authors: Salve Akshata , Arya Shalini
Published: October 2018

Peanut is an important crop grown worldwide. High yielding Indian peanut varieties namely SB-11 (Boria), JL-24 (Disco), TLG-45 (Latur), grown under local soil and climatic conditions, were compared for their chemical composition and nutritional quality. Due to the insufficiency of the scientific information available, study aims at generating systematic and segregated data on the proposed peanut varieties. SB-11 variety contained maximum protein (42.09%) whereas, JL-24 exhibited highest oil content (47.00%) and sensory acceptability. Mineral compounds were present in significant and comparable amounts using ICP- AES in all the varieties. Functional properties like water holding capacity (2.90g/g), oil binding capacity (1.50g/g) was recorded highest for SB-11 and water solubility index (40%) for JL-24 variety, which facilitates its incorporation in various food products. TLG-45 variety was estimated to have highest total flavonoid (0.51mg/g), DPPH (1.81mg/g) and ABTS (0.24mg/g) radical scavenging activity, whereas SB-11 with highest total polyphenol content of 2.05 mg/g. Difference in the fatty acid composition of oil from peanut varieties was analysed by GCMS. Acid value, iodine value, saponification value, peroxide value, low absorbance and no measurable aflatoxin in all varieties substantiated that they are excellent for human nutrition, especially during malnourishment, incorporation for food enrichment or functional food development. This study can thus be helpful to researchers and industries globally, indicating use of these studied varieties for export, applications in food and oil industries.
Anodic performance of microbial electrolysis cells in response to ammonia nitrogen
Authors: Barua Sajib , Zakaria Basem S , Al-Mamun Abdullah , Dhar Bipro Ranjan
Published: October 2018

In this study, the authors investigated how various total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations (128–1231 mg nitrogen/l) in the substrate medium affect the anodic performance of dual-chamber microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) with an anion-exchange membrane (AEM) and a cation-exchange membrane (CEM). The current densities and midpoint potentials of the bioanode in the AEM-MEC were independent of TAN concentration changes. In comparison, current densities in the CEM-MEC considerably dropped at a high TAN concentration of 1231 mg nitrogen/l, and the midpoint potential of the bioanode became increasingly positive, indicating that the anode biofilm was negatively affected by a high TAN concentration. Comparison of pH and TAN concentration changes in the anolyte in the CEM-MEC suggests that high levels of TAN did not directly influence anode-respiring bacteria (ARB) metabolism; accumulation of protons was the primary reason for the deterioration of anodic performance. However, the patterns of changes in chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies and coulombic efficiencies in response to increased TAN concentrations were quite similar in the two MECs. The COD removal efficiencies also decreased at elevated TAN concentrations, while coulombic efficiencies increased, suggesting that non-ARB activity was reduced in both MECs.
Small-strain deformation characteristics of frozen clay from static testing
Authors: Wang Jinyuan , Nishimura Satoshi , Okajima Shota , Joshi Bhakta Raj
Published: October 2018

Small-strain stiffness characteristics of frozen clay as measured in laboratory static tests are reported in this paper. Accurate strain measurement, which has rarely been attempted for frozen soils, was achieved with local gap sensors that function stably in a triaxial cell filled with refrigerant at freezing temperatures, assisted by an extremely high-resolution servomotor for axial loading. High-plasticity clay samples were frozen directly under confining pressure after being consolidated to different isotropic effective stresses, and loaded at three different rates and three different temperatures. The importance of avoiding ram–bush friction and a way to achieve it are discussed. The observed stress–strain relationships for strains of less than 0·01% indicated features surprisingly similar to those seen for unfrozen states, such as independence of the initial elastic modulus from the loading rate, onset of non-linearity (or yielding) at smaller strains for slower loading, while the linearity threshold strain was greatly increased at lower temperatures. These similarities are made clear through parallel tests on the same clay in unfrozen states. An interesting feature was seen for frozen samples; those consolidated to higher effective stress exhibited lower stiffness when being frozen. A simple model taking into account the volumetric ice content explains this feature.
Yapraktan uygulanan farklı kükürt dozlarının pamuk bitkisinin (Gossypium hirsutum L.) değişik gelişme dönemlerindeki su stresinin azaltılması üzerine etkileri
Authors: KAZGÖZ CANDEMİR Derya , ÖDEMİŞ Berkant
Published: October 2018

Araştırma, farklı gelişme dönemlerinde su
stresine maruz bırakılmış pamuk (Gossypium
hirsutum L.) bitkilerinde yapraktan kükürt uygulamalarının su stresinin
azaltılmasına etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla 2015 ve 2016 yıllarında Amik
Ovasında (Hatay) yürütülmüştür. Denemede pamuk 3 farklı gelişme dönemine
(vejetatif gelişme, çiçeklenme ve koza oluşumu, kozaların açılması dönemi)
ayrılmış ve kimi dönemlerde tam sulama yapılırken bazı dönemlerde sulama
yapılmamıştır. Sulama yapılan (T) ve yağışa dayalı (sulama yapılmayan; O)
konularında farklı dozlarda (K0: 0 ml da-1, K1:
150 ml da-1, K2: 250 ml da-1, K3:
350 ml da-1) yapraktan elementel gübre uygulaması yapılmıştır.
Sulama suyu miktarları ilk yıl 91-136 mm, ikinci yıl 149-1078 mm; bitki su
tüketimi yıllara göre sırasıyla 1012-304 mm ve 1070-256
mm; su kullanma randımanları 0.83-0.45 kg m-3 ve 0.76-0.43 kg m-3arasında değişmiştir.
Kükürt dozu ile verim arasındaki ilişkide; OOO konusunda en yüksek verim ilk
yıl K3 dozundan, ikinci yıl K2 dozundan elde edilmiştir.
Anılan konu kükürt uygulanmayan K0 ile kıyaslandığında (OOOK0)
ilk yıl K3 dozu %60, ikinci yıl K2 dozu %27 oranında
verim artışına neden olmuştur. En yüksek verim ilk yıl TTT konusunda K2
dozundan, TOO ve TOT konularında ise K1 dozundan elde edilmiştir.
Anılan dozlar K0 dozu ile kıyaslandığında verimi sırasıyla %17, %24,
%24 oranında arttırdığı; ikinci yılda ise TTT, OTT,
OTO, TOT konularında sırasıyla en yüksek verim K3, K1, K3,
K1 dozlarından elde edilmiş ve K0 ile kıyaslandığında
verim değerleri sırasıyla %17, %7, %35, %26 oranında arttığı saptanmıştır.
ANTROPOLOJİ ALANINDAKİ YAYINLARIN BİBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ
Authors: DEMİR Emre
Published: October 2018

Bu çalışmada 1975-2017 yılları arasında
“Antropoloji” araştırma alanında yayınlanan ve Web of Science (WoS; Thomson
Reuters, New York, NY, USA) veri tabanında indekslenen tüm yayınlar
bibliyometrik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Bibliyometrik analizler ile Ülkemizin
Antropoloji literatüründeki etkinliği de değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca
araştırmamızda Antropoloji alanında genel ve yerli literatürdeki aktif
yazarların, ülkelerin, en çok atıf alan makalelerin ve trend konuların
belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bibliometrik Ağ görselleştirmeleri için VOSviewer
(Version 1.6.6) paket programı kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda Antropoloji
alanında 82.185 (%40,7)’i makale kategorisinde olmak üzere toplam 201.860 yayın
bulunmuştur. En çok yayın 2015 yılında (4241 yayın) yayınlanmış olup, ABD
32.071 (39.0%) yayın ile en fazla literatüre katkı yapan ülke olmuştur.
Antropoloji alanında en çok yayın üreten yazar ise Malina RM (134 yayın) olarak
bulunmuştur. Literatüre en fazla katkı yapan derginin Journal of Archaelogical
Science  (5293 yayın) olduğu görülmüştür.
Türkiye adresli yayın sayısı 826 (%1.0) olarak bulunmuş olup literatüre katkı
açısından Türkiye’nin 21. Sırada bulunduğu belirlenmiştir.
World War I commemoration and student historical consciousness: A study of high-school students' views
Authors: Innes Melanie , Sharp Heather
Published: October 2018

Commemoration of World War I (WWI), and specifically the Gallipoli campaign, holds a significant place in the Australian public imagination. This is currently heightened with the WWI centenary commemorations (2014–18) occurring on a local, national and international scale. In
the current political climate, there has been a resurgence of nationalism amid fear of terrorist attacks and uncertain political futures. Traditionally, history education has been considered, by some, a tool for the promotion of national identity, despite history education literature and many
curriculum documents increasingly focused on fostering historical consciousness in students. The Gallipoli campaign, and subsequent Anzac mythology, has maintained a strong focus in Australia as a means of promotion, and often celebration, of Australian culture in public history, including
personal and familial connections via ancestral participation in WWI. This article explores the types of historical education conducted in three high schools. As part of a regular history lesson, students were provided with five sources and a series of questions to answer about the Gallipoli
campaign as a historical and commemorative event. Students' responses are analysed in this paper using Jörn Rüsen's typology of historical consciousness (Rüsen, 2004) to gain an understanding of how students think about the commemoration of the Gallipoli campaign. Specifically,
this paper is interested in students' navigation of collective memory and nationalistic narratives evident in the public sphere and popular culture, and how these inform a sense of historical consciousness.
HisDeKo: A study about the historical thinking of primary school children
Authors: Becher Andrea , Gläser Eva
Published: October 2018

Historical learning should be taught in a competence-oriented way in primary school. However, there has so far been little research on children's competences in the elementary and primary areas of historical learning. The HisDeKo (Historical Thinking and Competence Development) research
project, which is located at the universities of Osnabrück and Paderborn, has therefore been pursuing the empirical investigation of children's competences in historical thinking. This involved moving from considering children's traditional ways of thinking about history as historical
narratives and accounts set within a chronological framework to evaluating their ability to consider the significance of sources and interpretations in reconstructing the past. In a qualitative study, 114 children have so far been individually interviewed. The evaluation procedure was developed
on the basis of qualitative content analysis. Key results of this study are that the pupils know about the tradition of the past and can name different types of sources and understand that it is through sources that we find out about the past. Therefore, it appears to be appropriate to teach
the methods of historical enquiry from the first grade onwards.