bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial: New challenges for European cross-border and transboundary cooperation
Authors: Komornicki Tomasz
Published: June 2022

While a gradual increase in the permeability of the boundaries present in Europe was long seen as a linear process irreversible in nature, that situation in fact started to change around 2015. The process that then ensued reflected crises associated with influxes of refugees, the geopolitical situation in Ukraine, and then, from 2020 onwards, the COVID-19 pandemic. These changes might further be set against the two facts that there are, on the one hand, numerous locations in which cross-border or transboundary functional connections have become so strong that mechanisms hitherto acting in support of their development simply fail to suffice; as well as, on the other hand, many near-border areas that remain entirely peripheral. Pandemic circumstances made plain the inadequate level of institutional support extended to the development and functioning of transboundary functional areas, including as regards, their labour markets. And so to the articles brought together in the present edition of ‘Europa XXI’, which seek to address the above issues and derived research questions. They do this by way of both general reflection and the concrete results of research carried out on the situations in border areas, as well as the conditioning, level and structure of border traffic. Taken together, the texts presented here incline the reader to conclude that EU support for cross-border or transboundary cooperation needs redefining even in the present, and all the more so as we arrive at further programming periods. The support in question ought to be coordinated more effectively with Cohesion Policy as a whole, while also taking the global geopolitical context into account. It should also address matters of cross-border or transboundary public services, resilience in the face of crisis, and the natural heritage present in or constituted by border zones.
Evaluation of e-Problem-Based Learning (e-PBL) Sessions in the Faculty of Medicine during the Pandemic Period
Authors: KARAHAN Seher , AĞADAYI Ezgi , KARAGÖZ Naim
Published: June 2022

Aim

In our research, we aimed to evaluate the opinions of students and academicians about PBL carried out with distance practice(e-PBL) in a medical faculty during the pandemic period.

Methods

Class 1, 2 and 3 students who participated in the e-PBL sessions at Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine(SCÜTF) in the 2020-2021 academic year and faculty members who served as Educational Guides(EG) in these sessions participated in our descriptive cross-sectional study.After each PBL session, the Department of Medical Education(AD) routinely applies a PBL feedback questionnaire to the entire student population and an EG evaluation form consisting of 6 statements for them to evaluate the educational guides.This year, additional questions about online education were added to the feedback surveys in distance education.The data of the study were analyzed in SPSS 25.0 program and descriptive statistics, chi-square and Student-T were used.

Results

A total of 509 students and 32 faculty members participated in our research. There was a significant difference between the PBL education guide(EG) scores of the students in the face-to-face education period in 2019-2020 and the PBL education guide scores given by distance education this year (p
USE OF INTERACTIVE – ONLINE BOARDS WHEN TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: WORK EXPERIENCES
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Tolmacheva N.S. , Bydantseva A.N.
Published: June 2022

The issue of foreign language teaching with the help of modern online-boards is discussed. The problem is topical because of Corona virus pandemic of 2020, that introduced certain changes in social activities including education. Practical experiences of transition to distance education that requires mastering modern online resources including Miro online-boards is described. Technologies of using this resource are presented; advantages and disadvantages of its usage are revealed. It is noted that using online-boards is one of the tools to increase student’s motivation in learning English, especially in distance learning.
THE USE OF TECHNICAL MEANS OF TRAINING TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF TRAINING OF CADETS OF A MILITARY UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Branch of the Federal State state-owned Military Educational Institution of Higher Education «Military Training and Research Center of the Air Force «Air Force Academy named after Professor N.E. Zhukovsky and Yu.A. Gagarin» (Voronezh) of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in Chelyabinsk, Nikolaeva I.B. , Asadulina E.Yu.
Published: June 2022

Based on the analysis of modern research, the article analyzes the effectiveness of the use of technical means of education in a higher educational institution that trains military cadets. Based on the research available in the scientific literature, the analysis of the features of military vocational education, in the process of which technical means are used, is carried out. By means of targeted, meaningful, activity-based and effective methods, the structure of the pedagogical process in which technical means of teaching are used is investigated.
FORMATION OF MASTERS’ INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN THE PROCESS OF PRACTICE-ORIENTED ENGINEERING TRAINING
Authors:   Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University, Guzanov B.N. , Baranova A.A. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Ofitserova N.Yu.
Published: June 2022

Using the example of developed “Biotechnical systems and technologies” master educational program the ability to develop the students’ innovative activity through the implementation in the of practice interdisciplinary commercial projects using the production base of modern innovation and implementation centers of the Federal University is demonstrated. Such an organization of educational activities marked a pronounced practice-oriented orientation of education, allowed the undergraduates to develop certain entrepreneurial skills, improved the perception of educational material. Based on specially developed criteria the analysis is carried out and assessment of training effectiveness is taken according to such parameters as educational program productivity and relevance as well as the graduates’ satisfaction with acquired knowledge and skills. It is demonstrated that the project activity technology forms important professional experience for the masters and contributes to strength the social partnership with specialized organizations.
Cystathionine-β-synthase is essential for AKT-induced senescence and suppresses the development of gastric cancers with PI3K/AKT activation
Authors: Zhu Haoran , Chan Keefe T , Huang Xinran , Cerra Carmelo , Blake Shaun , Trigos Anna S , Anderson Dovile , Creek Darren J , De Souza David P , Wang Xi , Fu Caiyun , Jana Metta , Sanij Elaine , Pearson Richard B , Kang Jian
Published: June 2022

Hyperactivation of oncogenic pathways downstream of RAS and PI3K/AKT in normal cells induces a senescence-like phenotype that acts as a tumor-suppressive mechanism that must be overcome during transformation. We previously demonstrated that AKT-induced senescence (AIS) is associated with profound transcriptional and metabolic changes. Here, we demonstrate that human fibroblasts undergoing AIS display upregulated cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) expression and enhanced uptake of exogenous cysteine, which lead to increased hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and glutathione (GSH) production, consequently protecting senescent cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death. CBS depletion allows AIS cells to escape senescence and re-enter the cell cycle, indicating the importance of CBS activity in maintaining AIS. Mechanistically, we show this restoration of proliferation is mediated through suppressing mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by reducing mitochondrial localized CBS while retaining antioxidant capacity of transsulfuration pathway. These findings implicate a potential tumor-suppressive role for CBS in cells with aberrant PI3K/AKT pathway activation. Consistent with this concept, in human gastric cancer cells with activated PI3K/AKT signaling, we demonstrate that CBS expression is suppressed due to promoter hypermethylation. CBS loss cooperates with activated PI3K/AKT signaling in promoting anchorage-independent growth of gastric epithelial cells, while CBS restoration suppresses the growth of gastric tumors in vivo. Taken together, we find that CBS is a novel regulator of AIS and a potential tumor suppressor in PI3K/AKT-driven gastric cancers, providing a new exploitable metabolic vulnerability in these cancers.
Global cellular response to chemical perturbation of PLK4 activity and abnormal centrosome number
Authors: Tkach Johnny M , Philip Reuben , Sharma Amit , Strecker Jonathan , Durocher Daniel , Pelletier Laurence
Published: June 2022

Centrosomes act as the main microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in metazoans. Centrosome number is tightly regulated by limiting centriole duplication to a single round per cell cycle. This control is achieved by multiple mechanisms, including the regulation of the protein kinase PLK4, the most upstream facilitator of centriole duplication. Altered centrosome numbers in mouse and human cells cause p53-dependent growth arrest through poorly defined mechanisms. Recent work has shown that the E3 ligase TRIM37 is required for cell cycle arrest in acentrosomal cells. To gain additional insights into this process, we undertook a series of genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens to identify factors important for growth arrest triggered by treatment with centrinone B, a selective PLK4 inhibitor. We found that TRIM37 is a key mediator of growth arrest after partial or full PLK4 inhibition. Interestingly, PLK4 cellular mobility decreased in a dose-dependent manner after centrinone B treatment. In contrast to recent work, we found that growth arrest after PLK4 inhibition correlated better with PLK4 activity than with mitotic length or centrosome number. These data provide insights into the global response to changes in centrosome number and PLK4 activity and extend the role for TRIM37 in regulating the abundance, localization, and function of centrosome proteins.
Therapeutic targets and signaling pathways of active components of QiLing decoction against castration-resistant prostate cancer based on network pharmacology
Authors: Cao Hongwen , Wang Dan , Gao Renjie , Li Chenggong , Feng Yigeng , Chen Lei
Published: June 2022

QiLing decoction (QLD) is a traditional Chinese medicine compound. This study aims to explore the therapeutic effect of QLD in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and its potential bio-targets. A total of 51 active components and QLD 149 targets were identified using bioinformatics analysis. Additionally, five optimal hub target genes were screened including tumor protein P53 (TP53), interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), caspase-3 (CASP-3), and estrogen receptor-1 (ESR-1). The interrelated network between active components of QLD and their potential targets was constructed. The molecular function, biological processes, and signaling pathways of QLD-against CRPC were identified. Moreover, QLD was found to efficiently exert a repressive effect on CRPC tumor growth mainly by suppressing the activation of HIF-α/VEGFA and TNF-α/IL6 signaling pathways, and increasing the P53 expression level. These results successfully indicated the potential anti-CRPC mechanism of the active components of QLD.
A Study on Factors Influencing the Market Participation Decision of Paddy Farmers in Odisha
Authors: Behera Pujalipta , Mishra Sarba N. , Mishra Raj Kishore , Mishra Bishnupriya , Pradhan Paramananda
Published: June 2022

There are maximum number of farmers are marginal and small in Odisha. They face various problems which restrict their way in to market and hinder them to take advantages of marketing opportunities. This research aims to survey the factors affecting the market participation of farmers and target to improve their income and livelihood. The study establishes its novelty in carrying out the research in the paddy farmers of Odisha focusing on all the categories of farmers. Earlier the study focused exclusively on small and marginal farmers across various study areas. The study attempts to transcend the scope of research as well as keeps future scope of research open. Objective of this paper explains the market participation decision of farmers and expresses the vital factors that influence the farmer’s decision to participate in the market in Odisha. To study the relationship between the farmer’s decision to participate in the market and the factors influencing this farmer’s decision, a Probit regression model is used. The study uses primary data collected from 320 farmers of Ganjam, Kalahandi, Bargarh and Mayurbhanj District of Odisha. It has been discovered that the primary elements influencing a farmer's decision to participate in the market are farm size, household labour, amount of income, and farm income. From the standpoints of market engagement, the paper investigates the phenomena of paddy farmers in Odisha. The findings of this study have implications for the issues that must be resolved in order to motivate Odisha's paddy farmers to participate in the market. We propose that in order to promote development and contribute to food security, value addition, and general economic development, the government and policymakers of Odisha should design balanced policies for farmers and manage them appropriately.
Determinants of Farmers' Level Awareness on Pesticide Use in a Selected Region in Bangladesh
Authors: Mondal Shekhar , Badhan Aparajita , Hasan Abdulla Al-Towfiq
Published: June 2022

The study aimed to investigate farmers' awareness level of pesticide use in the study area and to pursue the relationship between the selected characteristics of the respondents and their awareness level of pesticide use. A mixed-method approach was used in which qualitative and quantitative analyses were blended rationally to have in-depth Knowledge and understanding of research problems. The area of Dumki Upazila under Patuakhali district in Bangladesh was selected for conducting this study successfully. The simple random sampling technique was used to select 110 farmers engaged in various types of crop production using multiple pesticides. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews using a pretested interview schedule from April 15 to June 30, 2020. Descriptive statistical measurement and the software SPSS were used to analyze collected data. The results of the Pearson's Product Moment correlation coefficient identified that, among the independent variables, only six variables such as training received, percentages of land ownership, communication exposure, yearly household income, risk orientation, and Knowledge of pesticide use had a positive and significant relationship on farmers' level of awareness of pesticide use. At the same time, the stepwise multiple regression analysis demonstrated that four variables, such as Knowledge of pesticide use, communication exposure, risk orientation, and training received, had a positive and significant contribution to the farmers' awareness of pesticide use. These four variables also explained 54.55% of the farmers' total variation in awareness level.
Assessing Health Threats of Residents Living Close to Household Refuse Collection Points in Yaoundé, Centre Region, Cameroon
Authors: Lucia Nkengazong , Irma Kame-Ngasse Ginette , Halmata Mohamadou , Elvis Kidzeru , Serge Zebaze Togouet
Published: June 2022

Aims: Household wastes constitute favorable environment for the development of human pathogens, posing thus important public health problem in the absence of appropriate waste management. This study aimed to assess health problems of people living close to household refuse collection points in the city of Yaoundé.

Study Design: The prospective and cross-sectional study consisted of collecting stool samples from the populations in 12 quarters of Yaoundé around Hygiene and Sanitation in Cameroon refuse collection sites from November 2019 to February 2020.

Methodology: Stool samples collected were treated with the formol ether and Kato-Katz technics. Questionnaires were administered to volunteer participants to evaluate risk factors related to contamination.   

Results: Of the 252 stool samples collected from participants aged 4 to 60 years, 209 (82.9%) individuals were infected with at least one species of intestinal pathogens. The pathogens identified belong to Helminthes (16.7%): Ascaris lumbricoides (12.3%), Trichirus trichiura (3.2%), hookworms (5.5%), to Protozoa: Entamoeba histolytica (11.5%), Entamoeba coli (13.5%), and Yeast Candida spp. (76.1%). Infection rate varied significantly by neighborhood (P= 0.02). The distance between residence and the collection point (P= 0.004); hand washing with soap before meals (P = 0.001); frequency of abdominal pain (P= 0.001); the date of the last deworming (P= 0.003); promiscuity (P= 0.005); source of water supply (P= 0.002) and the distance between the water source and the collection point (P = 0.006) were the main risk factors for the transmission of intestinal parasitosis.

Conclusion: The results of this study show that people living close to HYSACAM dumpsites could be exposed to high risk of contamination of pathogens which develop and are propagated from these areas. An appropriate management house hood wastes collection point is indispensable in maintaining the neighborhood population in a healthy status.
Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anti-inflammatory Evaluation of Synthesised Azo Compounds based on β-naphthol, Catechol and Quinol Nucleus
Authors: Attoh Claudia Naa Dedei , Adu Joseph , Danquah Cynthia Amaning , Jibira Yakubu , Gyan Patrick , Adusei Emmanuel Bentil Asare , Amengor Cedric Dzidzor
Published: June 2022

A series of 10-aryl substituted azo dyes were synthesized by coupling of β-naphthol, catechol, and quinol with different aromatic amines. The synthetic compounds were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The characterization of the synthesized compounds was carried out by UV, IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectroscopy. 13C NMR was employed to confirm the structural identity of some of the compounds.  After screening for the presence of antimicrobial constituents in the azo compounds using HTSPOTi culture method, quinol compounds 7 [(E)-2(2nitrophenyl) diazenyl) benzene-1,4-diol] and 10 [(E)-2-(3-nitrophenyl) diazinyl) benzene-1,4-diol] were the most active in terms of broad spectrum activity against  Gram-positives [Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Streptococcus pyrogenes (clinical strain), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212)],, Gram-negatives [Salmonella typhi (clinical strain), Escherichia coli (ATCC 251922)] and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853)  and the Candida albicans at minimum inhibitory concentrations of 15.63-31.25 µg/mL. A quinol derivative, [(E)-2-(2nitrophenyl) diazinyl) benzene-1, 4-diol], exhibited the best anti-inflammatory activity in the heat-denatured egg albumin assay. Compounds [ethyl (Z)-4-(3-hydroxynapthalen-1-yl (diazinyl) benzoate] and (E)-2-((3-nitrophenyl) diazenyl) benzene-1,4-diol showed high DPPH free radical scavenging activity during the antioxidant assay.
Reflecting on Refugee Simulations as Experiential Learning Opportunities to Improve Empathy and Cross-Cultural Communication
Authors:   Spokane Community College, Anderson Amy M
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this reflective practice was to explore an unexpected revelation that I did not feel qualified to teach about the lived experiences of refugees. As a communication studies instructor at the community college and university level, I feel confident when teaching about various elements of culture and skills related to cross-cultural communication. Nevertheless, I lacked knowledge about the struggles that refugees face as they escape persecution in their homelands in hopes of rehoming somewhere safe. Due to this lack of understanding of this unique people group, I also felt inadequately prepared to design and implement experiential lessons on this topic. After participating in an immersive refugee simulation, I had new insights into the lived experiences of refugees. Furthermore, I reflected on how this experience changed my pre-conceived notions and how I might implement experiential lessons, like the refugee simulations, in my classes to improve empathy and cross-cultural communication.
Ultralow‐Expansion Lithium Metal Composite Anode via Gradient Framework Design
Authors: Liu Yucheng , Yuan Boyu , Sun Chuang , Lu Yuhao , Lin Xiaoping , Chen Maohua , Xie Yuansen , Zhang Shanqing , Lai Chao
Published: June 2022

Improving the stability of lithium (Li) anodes is critical for the safety and reliability of Li metal batteries. Developing a 3D conductive Li host is suggested as one of the most promising strategies in this context, especially for suppressing the pulverization of the electrode. However, the material consistency and volume expansion of the electrodes (<15%) represent significant challenges for their applications in commercial pouch cells. In this work, dual‐gradient architecture, combining rigidity and flexibility through the synergistic effect of silver wires and carbon nanotubes, is fabricated by a facile suction filtration method. This unique network shows a volume expansion of only 5.4%, outperforming all previously reported composite Li anodes. In addition, the online digital holography clearly monitors the preferential deposition of metallic Li at the lithiophilic layer. Consequently, the present gradient host effectively prevents the deposition of metallic Li at the electrode/separator interface, resulting in excellent cycling stability in both symmetric and full cells.
Walking Dead Tumor Cells for Targeted Drug Delivery Against Lung Metastasis of Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhao Zitong , Fang Lei , Xiao Ping , Sun Xiangshi , Zhou Lei , Liu Xiaochen , Wang Jue , Wang Guanru , Cao Haiqiang , Zhang Pengcheng , Jiang Yanyan , Wang Dangge , Li Yaping
Published: June 2022

Lung metastasis is challenging in patients with triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Surgery is always not available due to the dissemination of metastatic foci and most drugs are powerless because of poor retention at metastatic sites. TNBC cells generate an inflamed microenvironment and overexpress adhesive molecules to promote invasion and colonization. Herein, “walking dead” TNBC cells are developed through conjugating anti‐PD‐1 (programmed death protein 1 inhibitor) and doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded liposomes onto cell corpses for temporal chemo‐immunotherapy against lung metastasis. The walking dead TNBC cells maintain plenary tumor antigens to conduct vaccination effects. Anti‐PD‐1 antibodies are conjugated to cell corpses via reduction‐activated linker, and DOX‐loaded liposomes are attached by maleimide–thiol coupling. This anchor strategy enables rapid release of anti‐PD‐1 upon reduction conditions while long‐lasting release of DOX at inflamed metastatic sites. The walking dead TNBC cells improve pulmonary accumulation and local retention of drugs, reprogram the lung microenvironment through damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and PD‐1 blockade, and prolong overall survival of lung metastatic 4T1 and EMT6‐bearing mice. Taking advantage of the walking dead TNBC cells for pulmonary preferred delivery of chemotherapeutics and checkpoint inhibitors, this study suggests an alternative treatment option of chemo‐immunotherapy to augment the efficacy against lung metastasis.
Optical Sensing by Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: From Physics to Biomolecule Detection
Authors: Khan Sayed Ali , Khan Noor Zamin , Xie Yinong , Abbas Muhammad Tahir , Rauf Muhammad , Mehmood Ikhtisham , Runowski Marcin , Agathopoulos Simeon , Zhu Jinfeng
Published: June 2022

Metasurfaces are planar or 2D forms of metamaterials made up of arrays of antennas with a subwavelength thickness. They have been rapidly developed in the recent years due to their ability to manipulate light–matter interaction in both linear and non‐linear regimes at the nanoscale. Various metasurfaces display remarkable optical features, such as acute resonance, significant near‐field enhancement, and suitable capacity to support electric and magnetic modes, on account of the strong light–matter interaction and the low optical loss. Due to these important properties, they can be used in several advanced optoelectronic applications, like surface‐enhanced spectroscopy, photocatalysis, and sensing. This review reports on the recent progress of metamaterials and metasurfaces in molecular optical sensors. The principles that govern plasmonic and dielectric metasurfaces along with their features are outlined, supported by numerous examples. Then, the factors that result in a high Q‐factor are presented in order to show that metamaterials and metasurfaces can be used for label‐free sensing in a variety of detection mechanisms, including surface‐enhanced spectroscopy, refractometric sensing, and surface‐enhanced thermal emission spectroscopy via infrared absorption and Raman scattering, as well as chiral sensing. Finally, the challenges for future development are outlined.
Physics‐Informed Machine Learning for Optical Modes in Composites
Authors: Ghosh Abantika , Elhamod Mohannad , Bu Jie , Lee Wei-Cheng , Karpatne Anuj , Podolskiy Viktor A
Published: June 2022

Herein, example of study of optical modes propagating through spatially periodic composites is used to demonstrate that embedding physics‐driven constraints into machine‐learning process can dramatically improve accuracy and generalizability of resulting models. Comprehensive analysis of common compromises between direct physics‐based solutions, machine‐learning training and deployment times, as well as accuracies of the resulting models is presented. The approach to physics‐informed machine learning, presented in this work, can be readily utilized in other situations mapped onto an eigenvalue problem, a known bottleneck of computational electrodynamics. Crucially, the technique provides a way to train the model on configurations with no known solutions. The approach presented in this work can be utilized for machine‐learning‐driven design, optimization, and characterization of composites with 1D and 2D structure. Physics‐informed design of machine learning can be further used to produce high‐quality models, in particular, in situations where exact solutions are scarce or are slow to come up with.
Bromide‐Catalyzed Electrochemical Csp3−H Oxidation of Acetonitrile: Stereoselective Synthesis of Heteroaryl Vinyl Sulfides
Authors: Wan Jin‐Lin , Huang Jing‐Mei
Published: June 2022

An electrochemical oxidative C−H/S−H cross‐coupling reaction between acetonitrile and heteroaryl thiols has been developed. Me4NBr is employed as a redox catalyst to oxidize both the Csp3−H of acetonitrile and S−H of heteroaryl thiols. Heteroaryl vinyl sulfides were afforded under metal‐free and oxidant‐free reaction conditions in good yields and stereoselectivities with excellent functional group tolerance. The synthetic applicability of the electrochemical method was further highlighted by its easy scalability.

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Well‐Defined [Cp*Co(N,O)I]‐Catalysts for Site‐Selective Intramolecular C−H Amidation
Authors: Dahiya Pardeep , Sarkar Ankita , Sundararaju Basker
Published: June 2022

We present an efficient method for forming C−N bonds via intramolecular amidation catalyzed by well‐defined Cp*Co(N,O)I complexes. The reaction has been operate under mild conditions and produced a regioselective amidation product without the use of a bulky counter anion or expensive fluorinated solvents. The Cp*Co(N,O)‐I catalyst is very effective for intramolecular benzylic, tertiary, and internal C(sp3)−H bond amidation, but ineffective for intramolecular C(sp2)−H bond amidation.

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Self‐Healing and Shape‐Editable Wearable Supercapacitors Based on Highly Stretchable Hydrogel Electrolytes
Authors: Zhao Yizhou , Liang Quanduo , Mugo Samuel M. , An Lijia , Zhang Qiang , Lu Yuyuan
Published: June 2022

Shape editability combined with a self‐healing capability and long‐term cycling durability are highly desirable properties for wearable supercapacitors. Most wearable supercapacitors have rigid architecture and lack the capacity for editability into desirable shapes. Through sandwiching hydrogel electrolytes between two electrodes, a suite of wearable supercapacitors that integrate desirable properties namely: repeated shape editability, excellent self‐healing capability, and long‐term cycling durability is demonstrated. A strategy is proposed to enhance the long‐term cycling durability by utilizing hydrogel electrolytes with unique cross‐linking structures. The dynamic crosslinking sites are formed by quadruple H bonds and hydrophobic association, stabilizing the supercapacitors from inorganic ion disruption during charge–discharge processes. The fabricated supercapacitors result in the capacitance retention rates of 99.6% and 95.8% after 5000 and 10 000 charge–discharge cycles, respectively, which are much higher than others reported in the literature. Furthermore, the supercapacitor sheets can be repeatedly processed into various shapes without any capacitance loss. The supercapacitors exhibit a 95% capacitance retention rate after five cutting/self‐healing cycles, indicative of their excellent self‐healing performance. To demonstrate real‐life applicability, the wearable supercapacitors are successfully used to power a light‐emitting diode and an electronic watch.
Deep Learning‐Based Optical‐Resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy for In Vivo 3D Microvasculature Imaging and Segmentation
Authors: Zhao Huangxuan , Huang Jia , Zhou Qiang , Chen Ningbo , Liu Liangjian , Wang Xinggang , Wang Tao , Chen Leqing , Liu Chengbo , Zheng Chuansheng , Yang Fan
Published: June 2022

Optical‐resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR‐PAM) technique is a noninvasive imaging technique that can be used to obtain high‐resolution images. This technique does not require the use of exogenous contrast agents. The technique can be effectively used to realize endogenous and exogenous imaging of microvasculature. However, the depth of focus (DOF) realized using OR‐PAM is low and inadequate to cover the entire 3D data for microvasculature imaging. A varying extent of signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) is recorded when varying depths of the 3D sample are studied. This significantly hindered the processes of image recognition, segmentation, and analysis. Herein, a deep learning‐based OR‐PAM technique to image and analyze 3D datasets is proposed. Endogenous and exogenous multi‐organ imaging data are sequentially imaged and segmented, and excellent generalization ability is observed. Wide‐field and ultradense exogenous 3D imaging of mouse brain vasculature located at different depths is obtained and segmented by OR‐PAM for the first time. The results reveal that the proposed method can be used for effectively imaging the entire microvasculature. The method can be potentially used for imaging the microcirculation system in clinics.
On the road again: A cross‐sectional survey examining work schedules, commuting time, and driving‐related outcomes among U.S. oil and gas extraction workers
Authors: Hagan‐Haynes Kyla , Ramirez‐Cardenas Alejandra , Wingate Kaitlin C. , Pratt Stephanie , Ridl Sophie , Schmick Emily , Snawder John , Dalsey Elizabeth , Hale Christa
Published: June 2022

Background

Oil and gas extraction (OGE) workers in the United States experience high fatality rates, with motor vehicle crashes the leading cause of death. Land‐based OGE workers drive frequently to remote and temporary worksites. Limited information is available on factors that may influence crash risk for this workforce.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey of 500 land‐based OGE workers examined work schedules and hours, commuting, sleep, employer policies, and their relationship to potentially harmful events while driving.

Results

Over 60% of participants worked 12 or more hours per day. The mean daily roundtrip commuting time was 1.82 h. Longer daily commutes, nonstandard work schedules, less sleep on workdays, and lack of employer policies were associated with one or more risky driving‐related outcomes.

Conclusions

Implementation and evaluation of OGE employer policies and programs to limit long work hours, reduce long daily commutes, promote sufficient sleep, and reduce drowsy driving among U.S. OGE workers are needed.
Engineering a Local Free Water Enriched Microenvironment for Surpassing Platinum Hydrogen Evolution Activity
Authors: Wen Qunlei , Duan Junyuan , Wang Wenbin , Huang Danji , Liu Youwen , Shi Yongliang , Fang JiaKun , Nie Anmin , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou
Published: June 2022

Manipulating the catalyst–electrolyte interface to push reactants into the inner Helmholtz plane (IHP) is highly desirable for efficient electrocatalysts, however, it has rarely been implemented due to the elusive electrochemical IHP and inherent inert catalyst surface. Here, we propose the introduction of local force fields by the surface hydroxyl group to engineer the electrochemical microenvironment and enhance alkaline hydrogen evolution activity. Taking a hydroxyl group immobilized Ni/Ni3C heterostructure as a prototype, we reveal that the local hydrogen bond induced by the surface hydroxyl group drags 4‐coordinated hydrogen‐bonded H2O molecules across the IHP to become free H2O and thus continuously supply reactants forcatalytic sites catalytic sites. In addition, the hydroxyl group coupled with the Ni/Ni3C heterostructure further lowers the water dissociation energy by polarization effects. As a direct outcome, hydroxyl‐rich catalysts surpass Pt/C activity at high current density (500 mA cm−2@ ≈276 mV) in alkaline medium.
Enhanced Dihydrogen Activation by Mononuclear Iridium(II) Compounds: A Mechanistic Study
Authors: Hidalgo Nereida , Moreno Juan José , García‐Rubio Inés , Campos Jesús
Published: June 2022

The organometallic chemistry of 4d and 5d transition metals has been vastly dominated by closed‐shell states. The reactivity of their metalloradical species is though remarkable, albeit yet poorly understood and with limited mechanistic investigations available. In this work we report the synthesis and characterization of two mononuclear IrIIspecies, including the first dinitrogen adduct. These compounds activate dihydrogen at a dissimilar rate, in the latter case several orders of magnitude faster than its IrIprecursor. A combined experimental/computational investigation to ascertain the mechanism of this transformation in IrIIcompounds is reported.
Versatile Synthesis of Multivalent Porphyrin–Peptide Conjugates by Direct Porphyrin Construction on Resin
Authors: Wu Yue , Chau Ho‐Fai , Yeung Yik‐Hoi , Thor Waygen , Kai Hei‐Yui , Chan Wai‐Lun , Wong Ka‐Leung
Published: June 2022

Multifunctional porphyrin–peptide conjugates with different propensities for self‐assembly into various supramolecular nanoarchitectures play important roles in advanced materials and biomedical research. However, preparing prefunctionalized core porphyrins by traditional low‐yielding statistical synthesis and purifying them after peptide ligation through many rounds of HPLC purification is tedious and unsustainable. Herein, we report a novel integrated solid‐phase synthetic protocol for the construction of porphyrin moieties from simple aldehydes and dipyrromethanes on resin‐bound peptides directly to form mono‐, cis/trans‐di‐, and trivalent porphyrin–peptide conjugates in a highly efficient and controllable manner; moreover, only single final‐stage HPLC purification of the products is needed. This efficient strategy enables the rapid, greener, and substrate‐controlled diversity‐oriented synthesis of multivalent porphyrin–(long) peptide conjugate libraries for multifarious biological and materials applications.
para‐Selective Radical Trifluoromethylation of Benzamide Derivatives via Iminium Intermediates
Authors: Tang Zhanyong , Mo Ke , Ma Xiaoqiang , Huang Jialin , Zhao Depeng
Published: June 2022

The direct C−H trifluoromethylation of arenes via a radical pathway has attracted considerable attention recently. However, a major challenge of C−H trifluoromethylation is the lack of site‐selectivity on the phenyl ring especially para‐selectivity. Herein we show a new strategy for para‐selective C−H trifluoromethylation of benzamide derivatives using iminium activation. The reaction undergoes a radical‐type nucleophilic substitution instead of a radical‐type electrophilic substitution owing to iminium activation as a result of lowering the LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital). A wide range of substrates are compatible with this method giving almost exclusive para‐trifluoromethylated products.
A Traceless Site‐Specific Conjugation on Native Antibodies Enables Efficient One‐Step Payload Assembly
Authors: Zeng Yue , Shi Wei , Dong Qian , Li Wanzhen , Zhang Jianxin , Ren Xuelian , Tang Caihong , Liu Bo , Song Yuanli , Wu Yali , Diao Xingxing , Zhou Hu , Huang He , Tang Feng , Huang Wei
Published: June 2022

Direct chemical modification of native antibodies in a site‐specific manner remains a great challenge. Ligand‐directed conjugation can achieve the selective modification of antibodies, but usually requires multiple extra steps for ligand release and cargo assembly. Herein, we report a novel, traceless strategy to enable the facile and efficient one‐step synthesis of site‐specific antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs) by harnessing a thioester‐based acyl transfer reagent. The designed reagent, consisting of an optimized Fc‐targeting ligand, a thioester bridge and a toxin payload, directly assembles the toxin precisely onto the K251 position of native IgGs and simultaneously self‐releases the affinity ligand in one step. With this method, we synthesized a series of K251‐linked ADCs from native Trastuzumab. These ADCs demonstrated excellent homogeneity, thermal stability, and both in vitro and in vivo anti‐tumor activity. This strategy is equally efficient for IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 subtypes.
CO2 Capture by Hybrid Ultramicroporous TIFSIX‐3‐Ni under Humid Conditions Using Non‐Equilibrium Cycling
Authors: Ullah Saif , Tan Kui , Sensharma Debobroto , Kumar Naveen , Mukherjee Soumya , Bezrukov Andrey A. , Li Jing , Zaworotko Michael J. , Thonhauser Timo
Published: June 2022

Although pyrazine‐linked hybrid ultramicroporous materials (HUMs, pore size <7 Å) are benchmark physisorbents for trace carbon dioxide (CO2) capture under dry conditions, their affinity for water (H2O) mitigates their carbon capture performance in humid conditions. Herein, we report on the co‐adsorption of H2O and CO2 by TIFSIX‐3‐Ni—a high CO2 affinity HUM—and find that slow H2O sorption kinetics can enable CO2 uptake and release using shortened adsorption cycles with retention of ca. 90 % of dry CO2 uptake. Insight into co‐adsorption is provided by in situ infrared spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. The binding sites and sorption mechanisms reveal that both CO2 and H2O molecules occupy the same ultramicropore through favorable interactions between CO2 and H2O at low water loading. An energetically favored water network displaces CO2 molecules at higher loading. Our results offer bottom‐up design principles and insight into co‐adsorption of CO2 and H2O that is likely to be relevant across the full spectrum of carbon capture sorbents to better understand and address the challenge posed by humidity to gas capture.
Periphery‐Core Strategy to Access a Bowl‐Shaped Molecule Bearing Multiple Heteroatoms
Authors: Wu Jianrong , Zhang Gang
Published: June 2022

Most of the bowl‐shaped molecules are synthesized via a core‐periphery strategy with the bowl rim closed at the final stage. However, the construction of heteroatom‐doped buckybowls by the periphery‐core method with the bowl bottom sealed by inserting new atoms in the last step is quite limited. Herein we report the synthesis of a bowl‐shaped compound containing four sulfur atoms and two embedded N−B bonds with the ratio of carbon atom and heteroatom as low as four through a periphery‐core strategy. Crystallographic analysis confirms the formation of a bowl‐shaped structure. The multiple heteroatoms alter the molecular electronic structure, thus resulting in the distinct aromaticity when compared with its all‐carbon congener. The electron‐rich buckybowl shows a strong interaction with the electron‐deficient fullerene C60by forming a 1 : 1 complex in toluene.
Photoluminescent Inorganic Nanoprobe‐based Pathogen Detection
Authors: Huang Li‐Li , Wang Zhong‐Jie , Xie Hai‐Yan
Published: June 2022

Pathogens are serious threats to human health, and traditional detection techniques suffer from various limitations. The unique optical properties of photoluminescent inorganic nanomaterials, such as high photoluminescence quantum yields, good photostability, and tunable spectra, make them ideal tools for the detection of pathogens with high specificity and sensitivity. In this review, the design strategies, working mechanisms, and applications of photoluminescent inorganic nanomaterial‐based probes in pathogen detection are introduced. In particular, the design and construction of stimuli‐responsive nanoprobes and their potential in these fields are highlighted.
Effects of marital status on survival of retroperitoneal liposarcomas stratified by age and sex: A population‐based study
Authors: Li Yiding , Wu Guiling , Zhang Yujie , Yang Wanli , Wang Xiaoqian , Duan Lili , Niu Liaoran , Chen Junfeng , Zhou Wei , Liu Jinqiang , Fan Daiming , Hong Liu
Published: June 2022

Background

Previous studies have shown that marital status is associated with survival in patients with a variety of cancer types, including lung cancer, prostate cancer, and bladder cancer. However, to date, the impact of marital status on the survival of patients with retroperitoneal liposarcomas (RPLs) has not been established.

Methods

A total of 1211 eligible patients diagnosed with RPLs were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The relationships between marital status and survival in patients with RPLs were assessed. Patients were stratified by age to determine whether an association exists between marital status and age. We also probed the association between marital status and survival in males and females.

Results

Our findings suggest that divorced, separated, or widowed patients have more advanced cancer stages, and more of these patients do not undergo surgery. Meanwhile, divorced, separated, or widowed patients have worse survival outcomes than married patients (overall survival (OS): HR = 1.66 (95% CI, 1.12, 2.46)); cancer‐specific survival (CSS): HR = 1.90 (95% CI, 1.13, 3.19)). OS does not differ between single patients and married patients (HR = 1.21 [95% CI, 0.81, 1.81]) or CSS (HR = 1.36 [95% CI, 0.80, 2.29]). In addition, these results demonstrate that being divorced, separated, or widowed can play a significant detrimental role in mortality in older and female patients.

Conclusion

Married patients have earlier disease stages at diagnosis and better survival outcomes than divorced, separated, or widowed patients with RPLs. In addition, this effect is especially pronounced in older people and females.
Gold(I) NHC Catalysts Immobilized to Amphiphilic Block Copolymers: A Versatile Approach to Micellar Gold Catalysis in Water
Authors: Petersen Hanne , Ballmann Monika , Krause Norbert , Weberskirch Ralf
Published: June 2022

Fifteen gold(I)‐NHC‐functionalized amphiphilic block copolymers that differ in the type of linker (ethyl, pentyl, octyl and benzyl) that attaches the gold(I) NHC catalyst to the block copolymer backbone, as well as, the substitution pattern of the NHC ligand (i. e. mesityl, methyl, 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl and n‐hexyl) were synthesized by a reversible addition and fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization process. Micelle formation of the gold(I) NHC polymers was analyzed by electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering and revealed spherical and rod‐like particles from 12 to 96 nm. In the micellar, gold(I) catalyzed cycloisomerization of an allene to the corresponding dihydrofuran, linker flexibility and substitution pattern of the NHC‐ligand showed a strong effect on the catalytic activity. Best results were obtained were obtained for gold(I) NHC catalysts bound to the polymer backbone by pentyl linker whereas the rather stiff benzyl linker gave lowest catalyst conversion. Moreover, the polymer catalyst could be recycled in four consecutive runs and gave activities from 35 to 84 % in the fourth run and underscores the importance of fine tuning structural parameters to achieve high conversion under micellar reaction conditions.
Quantification of the Electrophilicities of Diazoalkanes: Kinetics and Mechanism of Azo Couplings with Enamines and Sulfonium Ylides
Authors: Li Le , Mayer Robert J. , Stephenson David S. , Mayer Peter , Ofial Armin R. , Mayr Herbert
Published: June 2022

Kinetics and mechanism of the reactions of methyl diazoacetate, dimethyl diazomalonate, 4‐nitrophenyldiazomethane, and diphenyldiazomethane with sulfonium ylides and enamines were investigated by UV‐Vis and NMR spectroscopy. Ordinary alkenes undergo 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions with these diazo compounds. In contrast, sulfonium ylides and enamines attack at the terminal nitrogen of the diazo alkanes to give zwitterions, which undergo various subsequent reactions. As only one new bond is formed in the rate‐determining step of these reactions, the correlation lg k2(20 °C)=sN(N+E) could be used to determine the one‐bond electrophilicitiesEof the diazo compounds from the measured second‐order rate constants and the known reactivity indicesNandsNof the sulfonium ylides and enamines. The resulting electrophilicity parameters (−21<E<−18), which are 11–14 orders of magnitude smaller than that of the benzenediazonium ion, are used to define the scope of one‐bond nucleophiles which may react with these diazoalkanes.
Efficient and Sustainable in situ Photo‐Fenton Reaction to Remove Phenolic Pollutants by NH2‐MIL‐101(Fe)/Ti3C2Tx Schottky‐Heterojunctions
Authors: Hu Cong‐Yi , Jiang Zhong‐Wei , Yang Chang‐Ping , Wang Xiao‐Yan , Wang Xue , Zhen Shu‐Jun , Wang Dong‐Mei , Zhan Lei , Huang Cheng‐Zhi , Li Yuan‐Fang
Published: June 2022

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with abundant active sites, a class of materials composed of metal nodes and organic ligands, is widely used for photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. However, the rapid recombination of photoinduced carriers of MOFs limits its photocatalytic degradation performance. Herein, Ti3C2Tx nanosheets‐based NH2‐MIL‐101(Fe) hybrids with Schottky‐heterojunctions were fabricated by in situ hydrothermal assembly for improved photocatalytic activity. The photodegradation efficiencies of the NH2‐MIL‐101(Fe)/Ti3C2Tx (N‐M/T) hybrids for phenol and chlorophenol were 96.36 % and 99.83 % within 60 minutes, respectively. The N‐M/T Schottky‐heterojunction duly transferred electrons to the Ti3C2Tx nanosheets surface via built‐in electric fields, effectively suppressing the recombination of photogenerated carriers, thereby improving the photocatalytic performance of NH2‐MIL‐101(Fe). Moreover, the Fe‐mixed‐valence in the N‐M/T led to improvement in the efficiency of the in situ generated photo‐Fenton reactions, further enhancing the photocatalytic activity with more generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). The study proposes a highly effective removal of phenolic pollutants in wastewater.