bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВОДЫ ВОЛЬТАМПЕРОМЕТРИЧЕСКИМ МЕТОДОМ
Authors: Исраилов М.-А.М.
Published: February 2022

Определение качественного и количественного состава воды является весьма важной задачей. Вода является средой обитания огромного количества живых организмов, влияет на изменение климатических условий, участвует в процессе очищения от токсичных и канцерогенных веществ в верхних слоях атмосферы. Вода используется для бытовых и производственных нужд, принимает самое активное участие в процессах живой и неживой природы. Физико-химические методы определения элементарного состава воды достаточно разнообразны, они имеют свои недостатки и сильные стороны. Одно из преимуществ данного метода – высокая чувствительность и обнаружение малых количеств определяемых веществ. В работе мы применяли аккредитованные методики. Последовательность выполнения всех этапов исследования, подготовку проб для анализа, минерализацию проб, приготовление аттестованных смесей проводили согласно данным методикам.
Review of Integrated Pest Management of Alfalfa Hay Crop: A Successful Example at TADCO
Authors: Ibrahim Naser  , Hassan Akordouch
Published: February 2022

Alfalfa hay crop was grown at TADCO, mainly for dairy farms companies in Saudi Arabia on contract basis. This crop and due to the application of broad-spectrum contact insecticides lead to aphids’ outbreak during spring and autumn and worms’ outbreak during the summer month of each year leading to loss of hay quality and yield quantity. An Integrated Pest Management program was applied at TADCO in the period 2000 to 2010, and it succeeded to regulate the aphids and worms’ insects’ numbers on the alfalfa crop which resulted in a smaller number of sprays per season and lowered the cost of pest control over the years. This success was due to using selective insecticides which has little impact on the predators and parasites insects and allowed the company to produce high quality hay desired by the dairy farm companies and reduced the cost of production. Alfalfa was an ideal crop for applying integrated pest management program (IPM) as it is a perennial crop grown at each pivot for an average of two years, and this allowed the beneficial insects to stay on it and survive between the seasons feeding on insect pests.

Keywords: IPM; Predators; Parasites; Alfalfa Hay; Selective Insecticides
FEATURES OF THE INNOVATION PROCESS IN A CIRCULAR ECONOMY
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russia, Syshchikova Elena N. , Verkhorubov Sergey A. ,   Nizhegorodsky Regional Institute of Management and Economics of Agroindustrial Complex, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Published: February 2022

The circular business model is a cooperation between industries: waste, by-products, surplus energy, or wastewater from one enterprise is transferred for production to other enterprises, often located in geographical proximity. Circular economy technologies have significant potential to decarbonize resource-intensive industries. Experts estimate that the overall application of circular economy tools based on existing technologies can reduce CO2 emissions by 10%, save up to 40% of the fresh water required by industry, including agribusiness, and lead to significant cost savings. Because circular economy companies come from a variety of industries that do not normally collaborate, the process of discovering new circular exchange opportunities resembles an innovation process. It may seem that innovation occurs by chance. Although the innovation process is largely an unpredictable movement into the unknown, innovation is not necessarily a random event, unplanned and uncontrollable. On the contrary, innovation can be facilitated and the chances of success can be increased. It is recommended to establish circularity centers based on public-private partnerships as a means of promoting the innovation process and demonstrating its potential environmental, social, and economic benefits. In terms of building innovation capacity, the circular economy, including its potential and benefits, should be included in the training of engineers and students in order to build relevant skills and competencies. The possibility of creating suitable tools to link promising R&D projects of the appropriate maturity level with investors and funding should be assessed to accelerate the commercial deployment of innovation in the circular economy. Under these conditions, the paper considers a three-stage innovation process in a circular economy. The key characteristics of each stage are given. The main role in the organization of the innovation process in a circular economy is assigned to the facilitator of innovative transformations and implementation of innovative projects.
FEATURES OF DIAGNOSING LEVEL OF ECONOMIC SAFETY OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
Authors:   St. Petersburg university of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia, Trysyachny Vladimir I.
Published: February 2022

The article considers the main problems of diagnosing the state of ensuring economic security of the territorial agro-industrial complex. The specificity of its level diagnostics in the regional context determines the need to adapt quantitative methods for assessing its individual components. Currently, several basic methods are used to transform the indicative system of indicators in accordance with the goals and objectives of the study. As a basis for a comprehensive assessment of the level of economic security of the territorial agro-industrial complex, it is advisable to divide the indicator system into appropriate blocks: economic, social, technical and technological. Since this assessment is practical, it is necessary to observe the principle of regulability and manageability, according to which the number of indicators can change in the direction of their growth or decrease. It is also necessary to take into account the dynamics of the change. In accordance with the results of diagnosing the level of economic security of the agro-industrial complex of the Krasnodar Territory, it can be concluded that despite the growth of state support for Russian agro-industrial enterprises, the agro-industrial industry has not currently entered the trajectory of sustainable growth.
Estudo do cálculo de área de figuras planas baseado em estratégia de resolução de problemas matemáticos
Authors: Souza Amancio Joenneyres Raio de , Oliveira Carloney Alves de
Published: February 2022

O estudo aqui apresentado é fruto de uma pesquisa de mestrado vinculada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática (PPGECIM/UFAL) com o objetivo de analisar, no contexto das aulas de Matemática do Ensino Fundamental, a possibilidade de se desenvolver práticas de aprendizagem de áreas de figuras planas, baseada em problemas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que adotou como método a pesquisa-intervenção, e participaram desse estudo 19 alunos de uma escola privada localizada no sertão alagoano. Como dispositivos para coleta de dados utilizamos a observação participante, atividades de resolução de problemas e entrevistas. Os resultados revelaram que os sujeitos, ao refletir sobre suas práticas e resoluções, vislumbraram a possibilidade transformá-las a partir das contribuições teórico-metodológica da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP), configurando como possibilidades e maneiras de aprender sobre área de figuras planas, pela interação e colaboração dos sujeitos envolvidos nesse estudo.
A Review on nano-emulsion based gel formulations: emulgel, technology and recent advances
Authors: Gupta Prashant , Patel Dipti
Published: February 2022

Dermatological products are being used for treating skin infections and pain  /inflammation related disease from ancient times. The topical drug delivery  provides many advantages over the other routes of drug administration. Apart from  conventional dosage forms like creams, powders, lotions, gels, ointments,  researchers are exploring new modifications in the dosage form for improved drug  penetrations and enhanced pharmacodynamic activity of poorly absorbed drugs  from the skin. Existing topical formulations are associated with the problems like  stability, stickiness, irritation, lower spreadability, limited drug permeability and  absorption. Formulation of Nano-emulsion based gels (Emulgel) is proved to be  prominent approach for overcoming the barriers associated with the conventional  dosage forms. Emulgels are prepared by screening oils, surfactant and co-surfactant  on the basis of drug solubility. Nano-Emulsion is prepared using suitable techniques  and then embedded into the gel matrix for skin application. Drug present in the oil  portion in the micelles form (less than 500nm globule size) provides more area for  absorption thereby more penetration and therapeutic activity. Emulgel processes  desirable properties like greaseless, spreadability, emollient, non-staining, good  consistency and improved organoleptic characteristics. Permeations enhancers are  also explored for enhancing the penetration of drug incorporated in the Emulgel.
Formulation of Self-micro Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SMEDDS) of Paclitaxel utilizing factorial design
Authors: Baghel Pragya , Roy Amit , Verma Shekhar , Satapathy Trilochan , Bahadur Sanjib
Published: February 2022

Background: The antineoplastic drugs possess poor aqueous solubility along with  low bioavailability. This limits delivery of antineoplastic drugs through oral route.  SMEDDS is a well-accepted means for addressing the lower aqueous solubility and  bioavailability issues of a lipophilic drugs. Paclitaxel (PTX) is an antineoplastic drug.  PTX is found to be very useful in the treatment of ovarian and breast cancers. PTX  have very low aqueous solubility (0.3 µg/ml).  

Objective: This study aims to formulate SMEDDS incorporating PTX to enhance its  aqueous solubility.  

Methodology: Isopropyl myristate (IM), tween 80 (T80) and transcutol (TC) were  used to formulate SMEDDS. IM was considered as oil, T80 as surfactant and TC as co surfactant. 32 factorial design analysis helps in studying the effect of an independent  factor on a dependent factor on statistical principles. Independent factors, first –  concentrations of oil, second – mixture of surfactant and co-surfactant (Smix), and  two dependent factors, first – emulsification time and second – in vitro drug release  were chosen. All the nine formulated B1-B9 were subjected to various  physicochemical tests.  

Result and discussion: The globule size was found to be 136.38 – 223.14 nm, zeta  potential ranges between -31.54 to -7.58, drug content ranges between 65.34 –  83.56%. Statistical analysis shows that an increasing amount of surfactant decreases  emulsification time. This may also decrease the average droplet size of resultant  SMEDDS. When the concentration of tween 80 was increased, it was observed that  the release of PTX also increased. Rapid and more extent of PTX released from  formulated SMEDDS indicates that the aqueous solubility of PTX has increased. B9  formulation releases 99.46% PTX at end of 60 minutes whereas 35.23% of pure PTX  powder was solubilized in dissolution medium.

Conclusion: This study states that the  prepared SMEDDS possess acceptable properties to be considered as immediate release dosage forms. This conclusion was drawn based on in vitro release study.
Effect of Capecitabine Resealed Erythrocytes on MNU Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: CHIVATE ANURADHA , PRATIBHA S. SALVE  , RAJENDRA C. DOIJAD  , AVINASH M. MANE  , NIRANJAN D. CHIVATE
Published: February 2022

Rationale of the study: Capecitabine is potential anticancer prodrug approved for  colorectal cancer and metastatic breast cancer. It has short half life and several  adverse effects due to which was encapsulated in erythrocytes for the treatment of  hepatocellular carcinoma to observe and compare the effect of formulation with  that of plain drug.  

Introduction: The hepatoprotective potential of Capecitabine resealed erythrocytes  was evaluated using MNU induced hepatocarcinogenesis in swiss albino mice model  of 4 weeks.  

Methodology: In present study, the effects of formulation and plain drug with  respect to body weight, haematological parameters, biochemical parameters and  histopathological study were evaluated and compared.  

Results: Formulation restored the normal body weight and liver architecture with  slight differences. Except platelets and neutrophils, no significant differences were  observed in haematological parameters. The values of antioxidant enzymes (SOD,  Catalase) and AFP were also restored more with formulation than plain drug though  with no statistical differences when compared with normal control. Also it reduced  the lipid peroxidation in the liver in treated group Vs induced group.  

Conclusion: All these findings demonstrated hepatoprotective and anticancer effect  of Capecitabine Resealed Erythrocytes (CRE) and suggested the use of this sustained  release formulation in cancer chemoprevention.
PENERAPAN HYGIENE SANITASI PENGELOLAAN MAKANAN DAN PENGETAHUAN PENJAMAH MAKANAN
Authors: Fauziah Rina , Suparmi Suparmi
Published: February 2022

Hygiene sanitasi makanan merupakan upaya untuk mengendalikan faktor yang dapat menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan. Proses pengelolaan makanan perlu diperhatikan enam prinsip hygiene sanitasi makanan dan pengetahun penjamah makanan dalam pengolahan makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran hygiene dan sanitasi di Pondok Pesantren Al-Jauharen Kelurahan Tanjung Johor Kecamatan Pelayangan Kota Jambi tahun 2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif, menggunakan sampel enam prinsip hygiene sanitasi pengelolaan makanan dengan empat orang penjamah makanan. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah checklist penerapan hygiene sanitasi pengelolaan makanan dan kuesioner untuk pengetahuan penajamah makanan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa kondisi penerapan hygiene sanitasi belum memenuhi syarat karena masih terdapat tempat penyimpanan bahan makanan, tempat pengolahan makanan, pengangkutan makanan dan penyimpanan makanan jadi yang beresiko terhadap kontaminasi dan pencemaran terhadap makanan. Tingkat Pengetahuan penjamah makanan dalam pengelolaan makanan masih rendah sehingga beresiko terhadap kualitas makanan yang akan diolah dan disajikan untuk santri. Berdasarkan penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa masih kurangnya penerapan hygiene sanitasi dan pengetahuan penjamah makanan dipondok pesantren. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya peningkatan terhadap. Penerapan hygiene sanitasi mengingat makanan merupakan media yang memungkinkan penularan penyakit melalui kontaminasi pekerja atau pun penyakit bawaan makanan.
TATA LAKSANA PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN JASMANI OLAHRAGA DAN KESEHATAN
Authors: Dai Aswan , Mile Sarjan , Irfan Moh. , Hadjarati Hartono
Published: February 2022

Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari penelitian ini, adalah untuk mengetahui proses pembelajaran PJOK (Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan) pada masa pandemik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pendekatan kualitatif salah satu teknik yang mengambarkan dan menginterprestasikan arti data-data yang terkumpul dengan memberikan perhatian dan merekam sebanyaknya, mungkin aspek situasi yang diteliti pada saat itu sehingga memperoleh gambaran, secara umum, dan menyeluruh tentang keadaan sebenarnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah diperoleh di SMP Se-Kecamatan Suwawa mengenai Pembelajaran PJOK, pembelajaran daring yang dilakukan oleh guru terutama guru mata pelajaran pendidikan jasmani, tetap dilaksnanakan walaupun pembelajaran daring ini tidak seefektif dengan pembelajaran tatap muka langsung. Kemudian juga Antusias atau partisipasi belajar siswa di SMP se-Kecamatan Suwawa yang kurang baik dikarenakan dalam mengikuti pembelajaran daring siswa cepat bosan dan juga karena data internet yang dimiliki oleh siswa itu kurang dalam mengikuti pembelajaran daring, bukan hanya pembelajaran PJOK saja tetapi ada banyak jadwal pembelajaran setiap hari yang di ikuti oleh siswa SMP Se-Kecamatan. Tidak seperti sebelumnya artinya sebelum dilakukannnya pembelajaran daring pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani itu sangat baik, mungkin karena pembelajaran dilakukan di sekolah secara tatap muka langsung  juga fasilitas yang lengkap dan juga siswa mudah di kontrol oleh guru.
ON LITERARY REMINISCENCES IN PUSHKIN’S ESSAY «I TY TUT BYL...» («AND YOU WERE HERE...»)
Authors:   GITR Film & Television School, Pimonov V.I. , Gracheva S.M.
Published: February 2022

Object of the article: Pushkin’s essay “I ty tut byl…” ("And You Were Here..." (1835). Subject of the article: literary reminiscences in the Pushkin essay. Purpose of the research: reconstruction of the essay’s plot design. Results: the authors argue that Pushkin’s essay "And you were here ..." has parallel allusions, on the one hand, to an episode from the “Chronicles” by Jean Froissart, and on the other hand, to the play "Wat Tyler" by Robert Southey. Field of application: literary criticism. Conclusion: Comparison of the essay “And you were here ...” with episodes from “Chronicles” by Froissart and Southey’s play “Wat Tyler” indicates that they could serve as literary sources of Pushkin’s text. Thematic parallels between “And you were here...” and some fragments of “Chronicles” and the play “Wat Tyler” help to reconstruct the plot design of Pushkin’s essay and support the idea of its semantic completeness. The author is indebted to Oleg B. Zaslavsky for stimulating discussion and helpful advice.
Breast conserving surgery in BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2- mutation associated breast cancer
Authors: Onofriichuk Irina , Zakiriakhodzhaev Aziz , Saribekian Erik , Tregubova Anna , Zapirov Gadzhimurad
Published: February 2022

Nowadays, the success of chemotherapy for breast cancer demonstrates high sensitivity and effectiveness, and therefore it has become possible to increasingly use breast conserving surgery treatment. Genetically associated breast cancer patients it is a separate clinical group, the treatment of which should take into account the carriage of mutations in the BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2 genes. Until now, the possibility of breast conserving surgery in such patients remains debatable. After all, we often talk in such patients not only about the need to perform a mastectomy, but also about a prophylactic mastectomy from the contralateral side to minimize the risks of cancer. Is it acceptable to perform breast conserving treatment in such patients? This article analyzes the experience of well-known foreign oncologists, as well as analyzes their own experience of the Department of Oncology and Radiology RUDN University, Head of the Department of Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery of the Mammary Gland and Skin, P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
Prostate-specific antigen density as a predictor of biochemical failure following radical prostatectomy.
Authors: Kneev Aleksei , Shkol'nik Michail , Bogomolov Oleg , Verdiev Namig , Zharinov Gennady
Published: February 2022

Abstract. In Russia, prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. Radical prostatectomy is an established option to treat localized prostate cancer. Almost 35% of patients will face prostate cancer progression within 10 years following radical prostatectomy.
Purpose. To assess the ability of PSA density to predict biochemical relapse and detect unfavorable pathological features among patients suffering from localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy.
Material and methods. The study evaluated 147 patients with localized prostate cancer who underwent an open or laparoscopic retropubic radical prostatectomy between February 2001 and August 2015. The assessment of prognostic and clinical significance of PSA density took place.
Results. Biochemical recurrence was observed in 53 (36.01%) patients. PSA density (p = 0.006), Gleason score (p = 0.0006), pathological stage T (p = 0.002), extraprostatic extension (p = 0.019), seminal vesicle invasion (p = 0.001) and prostate cancer upstaging (p=0.0007) were found to significantly correlate with biochemical relapse risk. We established a relationship between PSA density and unfavorable pathological features detection following radical prostatectomy. Using ROC – curve analysis (AUC=0,635, р=0,005) we determined PSA density threshold of (>0,309 ng/mL/cc) – when exceeded, was associated with statistically significant decrease in disease – free survival. According to the results of multivariate analysis – PSA density, abnormal Gleason score and seminal vesicle invasion has proven to influence disease – free survival (p < 0.05).                                                                                                                    
Conclusion. We have clearly demonstrated a PSA density as an important prognostic tool of high clinical relevance, which may aid in biochemical relapse risk estimation. A PSA density parameter incorporation into preoperative nomograms may increase the predictive potential of latter.
Idealisme, Data, dan Model Bisnis
Authors: Agustina Anna , Suhetris Suhetris , Ginting Alfito Deannova
Published: February 2022

Diskusi terkait model bisnis muncul sejak penyerapan teknologi di level mikro, meso dan makro terjadi. Teknologi mengubah proses produksi, transmisi, dan distribusi berbagai produk barang, jasa, dan perilaku individu dan organisasi. Kondisi ini kemudian memaksa individu dan organisasi untuk beradaptasi dengan mencari, dan merumuskan model bisnis baru yang kompatibel dengan konteks yang baru ini dalam rangka menjaga eksistensi.
Lung ultrasound guided therapy for heart failure: an updated meta-analyses and trial sequential analysis
Authors:   Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science National, LI Peng , Ren Junhong , Li Yan
Published: February 2022

Review question / Objective: We aim to evaluate the effect of lung ultrasound (LU) guided therapy on the rates of adverse cardiac events (MACE) in heart failure (HF) patients. Condition being studied: Previous studies have found that B-lines assessed by lung ultrasound can be used for risk stratification in patients with HF and to predict the occurrence of adverse cardiac events. Therefore, similar to BNP, lung ultrasound has clinical value in guiding the management of patients with HF. However, the role of LU in guiding HF therapy is still controversial. Moreover, previous study's samples are too small to explain the over clinical outcomes. Besides, previous meta-analyses study did not perform meta-regression and/or subgroup analyses, or further analyze other parameters, such as heart function, quality of life and length of hospital stay.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Dolutegravir-Based Dual-Therapies in HIV Naive and Switch Patients
Authors: Vinuesa-Hernando Jose Manuel , Pellejero-Sagastizabal Galadriel , Gimeno-Gracia Mercedes , Sanjoaquin-Conde Isabel , Crusells-Canales Maria Jose , Fresquet-Molina Raquel , Gracia-Piquer Raquel
Published: February 2022

Objectives: The introduction of dual-therapy both as preferred starting therapy and in switches has been a revolution, allowing the same efficacy results to be obtained as therapies with more Active Ingredients (AI) with a lower risk of toxicity and interactions. The aim of the study is to analyze the efficacy, tolerability and reasons for switching patients to dolutegravir-based dual therapies.
Improvement of Techno-Functional Characteristics of Fish Gelatin Films Using Peptide-Sugar Conjugates: Maillard Reaction Products
Authors: Sabzipour Forouzan , Mirzapour-Kouhdasht Armin , Eun Jong-Bang , Garcia-Vaquero Marco
Published: February 2022

The effects of Maillard Reaction Products (MRPs) obtained from fish gelatin hydrolysates and D-glucose conjugation on the techno-functional characteristics of fish gelatin films were investigated, and the antioxidant effects were measured. MRPs were added to a gelatin solution at different concentrations (5-30% of the gelatin weight). The results revealed that the addition of the MRPs changed the film thickness from 0.15 mm (control) to 0.199 mm (film containing 30% MRPs). Some parameters including density, opacity, and color (ΔE) of the films were directly related to the MRPs concentration. Unlike these parameters, the solubility of the samples was not significantly altered, and the degree of swelling was indirectly changed owing to the MRPs addition. The results also indicated that the MRPs could dramatically decrease the water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability. The viscosity and mechanical properties of the films were increased as the MRPs concentration increased. The UV protective and the DPPH radical scavenging activities of the films were positively related to the MRPs concentration. The control sample (8.71 mg/mL) and the sample containing 30% MRPs (IC50 at 1.72 mg/mL) showed the lowest and highest antioxidant activities, respectively. The results of this study revealed that a fish gelatin film containing MRPs could be used as an active film in food packaging.
Prevalence and Patterns of Herbal Medicine Use among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at the University Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka
Authors: Nangandu Hikaambo* Christabel , Namutambo Yvonne , Kampamba Martin , Mufwambi Webrod , Kabuka Reagan , Chulu Martha , Nanyangwe Namuchindo , Banda Michelo , Chimombe Tadious , Muungo Lungwani Tyson , Mudenda Steward
Published: February 2022

Background: In 2015, Zambia reported 218,200 instances of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) with 8,232 diabetes-related fatalities. Insulin therapy and oral antidiabetic medications are two pharmacological therapies used to treat diabetes mellitus. Herbal medicine, on the other hand, has a lengthy history and is an easily accessible and economical therapeutic option. Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are increasingly turning to herbal therapies as keeping to conventional regimens becomes more challenging. Aim: We aimed to assess the prevalence and patterns of herbal medicine use among Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at the University Teaching Hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 101 T2DM patients using a self-administered questionnaire from August to October 2021. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26. Results: Of the 101 participants, (n = 93, 92.1%) used herbal medicines. Garlic (Allium sativum) was the most widely used herbal medication (58.4%), followed by Moringa (Moringa oleifera) at 42.6%, and mule (Myrrh) at 5%. The need to treat diabetes and other medical problems (n = 47, 50.5%) was the main reason for herbal medicines use, followed by family tradition or culture 36 (38.7%). The primary source of information about herbal medicines use was friends (n = 46, 45.5%), followed by family members (n = 38, 37.6%). The majority (n = 83, 82.2%) of the participants reported not having any adverse events from herbal medicines, and only (n = 10, 9.9%) had experienced side effects. Conclusion: There was a high use of herbal medicines among T2DM patients, particularly those aged between 45 and 76 years. From the standpoint of high prevalence and low disclosure rate, it is imperative for healthcare providers to strongly educate patients regarding the use of herbal medicines. In addition, the public need to be educated on pharmacovigilance so that they know the report of adverse events even those that may be associated with herbal medicines.
Right Atrial Myxoma in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer: Multidisciplinary Approach and Surgical Timing
Authors: Alessio Vite Giuseppe , Fabrizio Ceresa , Francesco Mammana Liborio , Filomena Bruna De Donno , Salvatore Rubino Antonino , Francesco Patane
Published: February 2022

Primary cardiac tumours are very rare. We describe the case of a 69-year-old female suffered from metastatic breast cancer and intestinal polyposis. During periodical follow-up examinations, total body Computed Tomography showed a right atrial mass with heterogeneous contrast enhancement, located near the orifice of inferior vena cava. The trans-thoracic and trans-esophageal echocardiogram confirmed the diagnosis. Thrombus or cardiac metastatic localization was the two principal hypotheses even if the CT scan suggested that was a myxoma. Surgical resection was performed expecially for the high risk of the mass' embolization. The hystological examination confirmed the CT scans suspiction of cardiac myxoma. The patient was discharged from hospital without any complications. After 6 months, she was fine.
How Implementation Research Could Increasing the Impact of Integrated Techniques of Controlling Schistosomiasis Among the Poor, Vulnerable and Marginalized Population in the Lower and Upper Fulladou Districts of the Gambia?
Authors: Sanneh Bakary , Jallow Amadou Woury , Cham Dalanda , Jatta Balla , Manjang Lamin F , Touray Bubacarr , Sawo Lamin , Colley Modou , Sambou Sana , Jah Sharmila Lareef
Published: February 2022

Schistosomiasis is endemic in both the central and upper river region of The Gambia. Two mass drug administrations of praziquantel did not stop the transmission of these infections. Most of the World Health Organization recommended approach to controlling schistosomiasis through Mass Drug Administration has not significantly reduced transmission. The best approach could be multifaceted which will be designed to explore in the context of implementation research approach in addressing this infection at one of the hot spots in the Gambia to enhance the attainment of the schistosomiasis elimination road map of 2030. The target population will be farmers engaged in rice growing in river sites and swampy areas, as well as fishermen. Most of whom are women who do their laundry around farmland water bodies or freshwater river sites. The data collected will be analyzed and interpreted to provide better understanding in the context of knowledge, attitudes and, practices of these nomadic communities regarding the risk factors involved with schistosomiasis transmission, control and prevention. Developed materials and awareness messages on the prevention and control of schistosomiasis will therefore be use for community engagement activities to increase awareness on the disease, improve health seeking behaviors and increase treatment uptake. Thus, this community-led intervention could help to reduce the prevalence of schistosomiasis in Upper and Lower Falladou Districts.
Synthesis and Analysis of Anthracene –Lead Titanate composites by Solid State Method
Authors:   Research scholar, Dept. of Physics, Osmania University,Hyderabad,India., Krishna Potharaju , Neelima Patnaik D ,   Dept. of Physics, CMR College of Engineering and Technology,Hyderabad,India., Vardhani C.P ,   Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.
Published: February 2022

The composition of Anthracene and Lead Titanate is prepared using Solid State method. Anthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of formula C14H10, consisting of three fused benzene rings. It is a component of coal tar. Lead (II) titanate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula PbTiO3. It is the lead salt of titanic acid. Lead (II) Titanate is a yellow powder that is insoluble in water. At high temperatures, lead Titanate adopts a cubic perovskite structure. The samples of Anthracene –Lead Titanate composites of suitable mixture ratio are prepared using Solid state method. Crystal structure of the calcined powders and als sintered ceramics were analysed using XRD(X-ray diffraction). The microstructure of the sintered ceramics has been investigated using SEM (scanning electron microscopy).
The Influence of Obesity and Metabolic Health on Vascular Health
Authors: Rhee Eun-Jung
Published: February 2022

The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide. Obesity should not be understood only as the accumulation of fat in the body, but instead as a phenomenon that exerts different effects on our health according to the place of fat deposition and its stability. Obesity is the starting point of most metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, sleep apnea, and eventually cardiovascular disease. There are different kinds of obesity, ranging from simple obesity to sarcopenic obesity. The main purpose of intervening to address obesity is to decrease the ultimate consequence of obesity—namely, cardiovascular disease. The main mechanism through which obesity, especially abdominal obesity, increases cardiovascular risk is the obesity-induced derangement of metabolic health, leading to the development of metabolic diseases such as diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome, which are the main initiators of vascular damage. In this review, I discuss the influence of various types of obesity on the risk of metabolic diseases, and how these diseases increase cardiovascular disease risk.
Recent Updates to Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yu Jin , Lee Seung-Hwan , Kim Mee Kyoung
Published: February 2022

Guidelines for the management of patients with diabetes have become an important part of clinical practice that improve the quality of care and help establish evidence-based medicine in this field. With rapidly accumulating evidence on various aspects of diabetes care, including landmark clinical trials of treatment agents and newer technologies, timely updates of the guidelines capture the most current state of the field and present a consensus. As a leading academic society, the Korean Diabetes Association publishes practice guidelines biennially and the American Diabetes Association does so annually. In this review, we summarize the key changes suggested in the most recent guidelines. Some of the important updates include treatment algorithms emphasizing comorbid conditions such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease in the selection of anti-diabetic agents; wider application of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), insulin pump technologies and indices derived from CGM such as time in range; more active screening of subjects at high-risk of diabetes; and more detailed individualization in diabetes care. Although there are both similarities and differences among guidelines and some uncertainty remains, these updates provide a good approach for many clinical practitioners who are battling with diabetes.
Optimizing the Third Generation of Gravitational-wave Observatories for Galactic Astrophysics
Authors: Gossan Sarah E. , Hall Evan D. , Nissanke Samaya M.
Published: February 2022

Gravitational-wave (GW) astrophysics is a rapidly expanding field, with plans to enhance the global ground-based observatory network through the addition of larger, more sensitive observatories: the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer. These observatories will allow us to peer deeper into the sky, collecting GW events from farther away and earlier in the universe. Within our own Galaxy, there is a plethora of interesting GW sources, including core-collapse supernovae, phenomena in isolated neutron stars and pulsars, and potentially novel sources. As GW observatories are directionally sensitive, their placement on the globe will affect the observation of Galactic sources. We analyze the performance of one-, two-, and three-observatory networks, both for sources at the Galactic center, as well as for a source population distributed over the Galactic disk. We find that, for a single Cosmic Explorer or Einstein Telescope observatory, placement at near-equatorial latitudes provides the most reliable observation of the Galactic center. When a source population distributed over the Galactic disk is considered, the observatory location is less impactful, although equatorial observatories still confer an advantage over observatories at more extreme latitudes. For two- and three-node networks, the longitudes of the observatories additionally become important for consistent observation of the Galaxy.
The Magellan M2FS Spectroscopic Survey of High-z Galaxies: Lyα Emitters at z ≈ 6.6 and the Evolution of Lyα Luminosity Function over z ≈ 5.7–6.6
Authors: Ning Yuanhang , Jiang Linhua , Zheng Zhen-Ya , Wu Jin
Published: February 2022

We present a sample of Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z ≈ 6.6 from our spectroscopic survey of high-redshift galaxies using the multi-object spectrograph M2FS on the Magellan Clay telescope. The sample consists of 36 LAEs selected by the narrowband (NB921) technique over nearly 2 deg2 in the sky. These galaxies generally have high Lyα luminosities spanning a range of ∼3 × 1042–7 × 1043 erg s−1, and include some of the most Lyα-luminous galaxies known at this redshift. They show a positive correlation between the Lyα line width and Lyα luminosity, similar to the relation previously found in z ≈ 5.7 LAEs. Based on the spectroscopic sample, we calculate a sophisticated sample completeness correction and derive the Lyα luminosity function (LF) at z ≈ 6.6. We detect a density bump at the bright end of the Lyα LF that is significantly above the best-fit Schechter function, suggesting that very luminous galaxies tend to reside in overdense regions that have formed large ionized bubbles around them. By comparing with the z ≈ 5.7 Lyα LF, we confirm that there is a rapid LF evolution at the faint end, but a lack of evolution at the bright end. The fraction of the neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium at z ≈ 6.6 estimated from such an evolution is about 0.3 ± 0.1, supporting a rapid and rather late process of cosmic reionization.
Acceleration of Solar Energetic Particles through CME-driven Shock and Streamer Interaction
Authors: Frassati Federica , Laurenza Monica , Bemporad Alessandro , West Matthew J. , Mancuso Salvatore , Susino Roberto , Alberti Tommaso , Romano Paolo
Published: February 2022

On 2013 June 21, a solar prominence eruption was observed, accompanied by an M2.9 class flare, a fast coronal mass ejection, and a type II radio burst. The concomitant emission of solar energetic particles (SEPs) produced a significant proton flux increase, in the energy range 4–100 MeV, measured by the Low and High Energy Telescopes on board the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO)-B spacecraft. Only small enhancements, at lower energies, were observed at the STEREO-A and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) spacecraft. This work investigates the relationship between the expanding front, coronal streamers, and the SEP fluxes observed at different locations. Extreme-ultraviolet data, acquired by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instrument on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), were used to study the expanding front and its interaction with streamer structures in the low corona. The 3D shape of the expanding front was reconstructed and extrapolated at different times by using SDO/AIA, STEREO/Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation, and Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph observations with a spheroidal model. By adopting a potential field source surface approximation and estimating the magnetic connection of the Parker spiral, below and above 2.5 R
⊙, we found that during the early expansion of the eruption, the front had a strong magnetic connection with STEREO-B (between the nose and flank of the eruption front) while having a weak connection with STEREO-A and GOES. The obtained results provide evidence, for the first time, that the interaction between an expanding front and streamer structures can be responsible for the acceleration of high-energy SEPs up to at least 100 MeV, as it favors particle trapping and hence increases the shock acceleration efficiency.
Stellar Wind Confinement of Evaporating Exoplanet Atmospheres and Its Signatures in 1083 nm Observations
Authors: MacLeod Morgan , Oklopčić Antonija
Published: February 2022

Atmospheric escape from close-in exoplanets is thought to be crucial in shaping observed planetary populations. Recently, significant progress has been made in observing this process in action through excess absorption in-transit spectra and narrowband light curves. We model the escape of initially homogeneous planetary winds interacting with a stellar wind. The ram pressure balance of the two winds governs this interaction. When the impingement of the stellar wind on the planetary outflow is mild or moderate, the planetary outflow expands nearly spherically through its sonic surface before forming a shocked boundary layer. When the confinement is strong, the planetary outflow is redirected into a cometary tail before it expands to its sonic radius. The resultant transmission spectra at the He 1083 nm line are accurately represented by a 1D spherical wind solution in cases of mild to moderate stellar wind interaction. In cases of strong stellar wind interaction, the degree of absorption is enhanced and the cometary tail leads to an extended egress from transit. The crucial features of the wind–wind interaction are, therefore, encapsulated in the light curve of He 1083 nm equivalent width as a function of time. The possibility of extended He 1083 nm absorption well beyond the optical transit carries important implications for planning out-of-transit observations that serve as a baseline for in-transit data.
New Clues to the Evolution of Dwarf Carbon Stars From Their Variability and X-Ray Emission
Authors: Roulston Benjamin R. , Green Paul J. , Montez Rodolfo , Filippazzo Joseph , Drake Jeremy J. , Toonen Silvia , Anderson Scott F. , Eracleous Michael , Frank Adam
Published: February 2022

As main-sequence stars with C > O, dwarf carbon (dC) stars are never born alone but inherit carbon-enriched material from a former asymptotic giant branch (AGB) companion. In contrast to M dwarfs in post-mass-transfer binaries, C2 and/or CN molecular bands allow dCs to be identified with modest-resolution optical spectroscopy, even after the AGB remnant has cooled beyond detectability. Accretion of substantial material from the AGB stars should spin up the dCs, potentially causing a rejuvenation of activity detectable in X-rays. Indeed, a few dozen dCs have recently been found to have photometric variability with periods under a day. However, most of those are likely post-common-envelope binaries, spin–orbit locked by tidal forces, rather than solely spun-up by accretion. Here, we study the X-ray properties of a sample of the five nearest-known dCs with Chandra. Two are detected in X-rays, the only two for which we also detected short-period photometric variability. We suggest that the coronal activity detected so far in dCs is attributable to rapid rotation due to tidal locking in short binary orbits after a common-envelope phase, late in the thermally pulsing (TP) phase of the former C-AGB primary (TP-AGB).
Diagnosing the Optically Thick/Thin Features Using the Intensity Ratio of Si iv Resonance Lines in Solar Flares
Authors: Zhou Yi-An , Hong Jie , Li Y. , Ding M. D.
Published: February 2022

In the optically thin regime, the intensity ratio of the two Si iv resonance lines (1394 and 1403 Å) are theoretically the same as the ratio of their oscillator strengths, which is exactly 2. Here, we study the ratio of the integrated intensity of the Si iv lines (R = ∫I
1394(λ)dλ/∫I
1403(λ)dλ) and the ratio of intensity at each wavelength point (r(Δλ) = I
1394(Δλ)/I
1403(Δλ)) in two solar flares observed by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph. We find that at flare ribbons, the ratio R ranges from 1.8 to 2.3 and would generally decrease when the ribbons sweep across the slit position. In addition, the distribution of r(Δλ) shows a descending trend from the blue wing to the red wing. In loop cases, the Si iv line presents a wide profile with a central reversal. The ratio R deviates little from 2, but the ratio r(Δλ) can vary from 1.3 near the line center to greater than 2 in the line wings. Hence we conclude that in flare conditions, the ratio r(Δλ) varies across the line, due to the variation of the opacity at the line center and line wings. We notice that, although the ratio r(Δλ) could present a value that deviates from 2 as a result of the opacity effect near the line center, the ratio R is still close to 2. Therefore, caution should be taken when using the ratio of the integrated intensity of the Si iv lines to diagnose the opacity effect.
On the Existence of Fast Modes in Compressible Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence
Authors: Gan Zhaoming , Li Hui , Fu Xiangrong , Du Senbei
Published: February 2022

We study the existence and properties of fast magnetosonic modes in 3D compressible MHD turbulence by carrying out a number of simulations with compressible and incompressible driving conditions. We use two approaches to determine the presence of fast modes: mode decomposition based on spatial variations only and spatio-temporal 4D fast Fourier transform (4D FFT) analysis of all fluctuations. The latter method enables us to quantify fluctuations that satisfy the dispersion relation of fast modes with finite frequency. Overall, we find that the fraction of fast modes identified via the spatio-temporal 4D FFT approach in total fluctuation power is either tiny with nearly incompressible driving or ∼2% with highly compressible driving. We discuss the implications of our results for understanding the compressible fluctuations in space and astrophysical plasmas.
A Transparent Window into Early-type Stellar Variability
Authors: Jermyn Adam S. , Anders Evan H. , Cantiello Matteo
Published: February 2022

Subsurface convection zones are ubiquitous in early-type stars. Driven by narrow opacity peaks, these thin convective regions transport little heat but play an important role in setting the magnetic properties and surface variability of stars. Here we demonstrate that these convection zones are not present in as wide a range of stars as previously believed. In particular, there are regions which 1D stellar evolution models report to be convectively unstable but which fall below the critical Rayleigh number for onset of convection. For sub-solar metallicity this opens up a stability window in which there are no subsurface convection zones. For Large Magellanic Cloud metallicity this surface stability region extends roughly between 8 and 16M
⊙, increasing to 8–35M
⊙ for Small Magellanic Cloud metallicity. Such windows are then an excellent target for probing the relative influence of subsurface convection and other sources of photometric variability in massive stars.