bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGOLAHAN FRUIT LEATHER MANGGA GOLEK DI DESA MORNATEN, KECAMATAN TANIWEL KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT
Authors: Novalin Lawalata Vita , Grace Sipahelut Sophia
Published: May 2022

Tujuan dari pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat dalam mengolah buah mangga golek menjadi produk fruit leather  di Desa Mornaten, Kecamatan Taniwel, Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat, Provinsi Maluku.  Sasaran kegiatan ini ditujukan kepada masyarakat Desa Mornaten.  Metode yang dipergunakan meliputi kegiatan penyuluhan, pelatihan dan evaluasi.  Melalui kegiatan penyuluhan, masyarakat diberi pengetahuan praktis tentang teknologi pengolahan buah mangga golek menjadi produk fruit leather.  Sedangkan kegiatan pelatihan dilakukan dengan cara mendemonstrasikan secara langsung kepada masyarakat teknik pengolahan fruit leather mangga golek.  Berdasarkan hasil kegiatan pengabdian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa tujuan dari pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian ini telah tercapai dan berhasil.  Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat tentang teknologi pengolahan fruit leather buah mangga golek.  Kegiatan ini mendapat respons positif dari masyarakat, hal ini terlihat dari antusiasme masyarakat selama kegiatan ini berlangsung.
PENINGKATAN KESADARAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP DAMPAK SAMPAH LAUT DAN PENGELOLAANNYA MELALUI PENGENALAN KONSEP ECOBRICKS DI GUDANG ARANG, KELURAHAN BENTENG, KOTA AMBON
Authors: W. Tuahatu Juliana , D. Manuputty Gratia , Ch. Tuhumury Novianty
Published: May 2022

Masyarakat Gudang Arang Kota Ambon bermukim di wilayah pesisir dengan tingkat kepadatan penduduk cukup tinggi, dan juga terdapat aktivitas pasar tradisional. Program peningkatan kesadaran dampak pencemaran sampah laut ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang dampak pencemaran sampah laut melalui sosialisasi kepada masyarakat, melalui pengenalan konsep ecobricks. Pelaksanaan kegiatan dilakukan melalui sosialisasi, demo pembuatan ecobricks, dan diskusi, serta evaluasi baik mencakup pengetahuan maupun sikap masyarakat terhadap sampah, dampak, dan pengelolaannya. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi pra-sosialisasi, diperoleh bahwa masih rendah pengetahuan masayarakat mengenai konsep 3R sampah (37.04%), bank sampah (51.85%), dan peran dalam mitigasi (55.56%). Sedangkan untuk pengetahuan mengenai sampah laut (jenis dan dampak serta cara pengelolaan) secara umum dapat dikatakan cukup baik sampai sangat baik (lebih dari 70% sampai 96%). Sikap masyarakat terhadap keberadaan sampah di lingkungan sudah sangat baik (lebih dari 80%), hanya saja kesediaan untuk melakukan pemilahan sampah sebelum dibuang masih cukup rendah (tidak lebih dari 70%). Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi pasca sosialisasi, ditemukan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat serta sikap masyarakat terkait sampah, dampak, dan pengelolaannya, dan peningkatan presentasi pengetahuan masyarakat setelah sosialisasi dibandingkan dengan sebelum dilakukan sosialisasi (96.30-100%). Hal ini berarti bahwa melalui proses sosialisasi yang dilakukan, serta upaya baik dalam bentuk pendampingan yang akan dilakukan oleh pemerintah setempat dapat memberikan progres positif terhadap upaya penanganan sampah di lingkungan
Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment of Finger Flexor Pulley Injuries in Climbers – a Literature Review
Authors: Szczechowicz Jakub , Rosińska Sara
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Climbing, which has recently become very popular, causes significant loads on the upper limbs, especially the fingers, which often leads to a closed traumatic rupture of the finger flexor pulleys.
Disaster Prevention Through Intelligent Monitoring
Authors: Painting Andrew , Sanders David
Published: May 2022

Despite various tools and systems that can monitor complex engineering environments, bad things still happen regularly in all types of engineering industries. An intelligent system designed to monitor certain indicators, regardless of engineering industry, that might predict catastrophes would ultimately reduce the potential for loss of human life and property.

In this article, 10 catastrophes were researched to identify their root causes and the various root cause combinations. These documented catastrophes covered a broad spectrum of engineering including oil, gas, nuclear, rail, air and space. The root causes identified in the investigation reports were grouped under 10 trait headings and their efficacy was tested using a qualitative fault tree of a credible catastrophic failure scenario. Each trait was adjusted to signify various levels of failure and fed into the prototype system representing the fault tree.

While near real-time monitoring and trend analysis was investigated and shown to support an intelligent system that might predict catastrophe, one of the surprising additional results from the research was highlighting the need to standardize the approach to investigative reports and audits of existing systems. Reporting in the same “technical language” and looking for specific condition levels for each of the traits could provide a true picture of asset condition and the required funding prioritization, as well as assisting the dissemination of findings to all engineering industries.
Association Study of TNF-α -308 G/A (rs1800629) and -863 C/A (rs1800630) Polymorphisms with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the Iranian Lor Population
Authors: Mashayekh Zeynab , Rafieian Mahsa , Kazeminezhad Seyed Reza
Published: May 2022

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors; studying the association between regulatory genes and this disease may determine the genetic causes of interfering with SLE. In different populations, studies have shown that the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) gene (as a candidate gene) can contribute to the formation and progression of lupus disease. Objectives: This study aimed to indicate the possible association between the increased rate of SLE hazard and 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of rs1800629 and rs1800630 genetic polymorphisms in the TNF-α promoter gene in the Lor population. Methods: According to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, 120 unrelated SLE patients and 120 healthy controls with no family or personal history of autoimmune diseases were selected. DNA was genotyped for the TNF-α promoter (-308 G/A and -863 C/A) by the tetra-primer amplification-refractory mutation system (tetra-primer ARMS)–polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: The frequency difference between allele A (mutant allele) and allele C (normal allele) at position -863 of the TNF-α promoter gene (odds ratio [OR] = 3.426; 95% CI, 1.985 - 5.914) was notably higher in SLE patients than in control subjects. Also, a significant relation was obtained among the rs1800830 AA genotype and increased risk of SLE (OR = 4.489; 95% CI, 2.464 - 8.177; P < 0.0001). Our results for rs1800629 at position -308 were not remarkably different. Conclusions: We found a significant correlation between allelic and genotype frequencies between rs1800830 (-863 C/A) TNF-α SNP and SLE in our study. However, no significant correlation was observed between the rs1800629 (-308 G/A) TNF-α promoter and the increase of SLE hazard in the Lor population. No remarkable association was obtained between TNF-α gene rs1800629 (-308 G/A) and rs1800630 (-863 C/A) SNPs and anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) or antinuclear antibody (ANA), which are some of the symptoms of SLE.
Effect of E-Scenario-Based Flipped Classroom on Students' Satisfaction in Medical Education
Authors: Zanjani Nastaran , Mirmoghtadaie Zohrehsadat , Taherian Masoumeh
Published: May 2022

Background: In recent years, universities have widely adopted e-learning tools for educational purposes. Learning Management Systems (LMS) have been the core of this new paradigm due to the opportunities that interaction and collaboration tools within LMS provide for educators to enhance the effectiveness of e-learning. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to combine flipped classrooms with e-learning facilities to investigate how it influences students' satisfaction with learning. It also investigated the leading and restrictive factors of interactive learning in an e-flipped classroom and the impact of the e-flipped classroom on students. Methods: This paper reports a mixed-method study, following the Levin Model steps, to examine learning satisfaction in the e-flipped classroom. Participants were 12 Master students experiencing flipped classrooms in an e-learning platform in two subsequent semesters in 2019. Results: Students were interviewed and filled out questionnaires to reflect their experience of an inverted teaching method using LMS. Thematic analysis was adopted to analyze interviews. Two subcategories, "individual achievements" and "educational achievements," and one category, "learning satisfaction," were obtained. The t test was applied to analyze the questionnaire results at the p value of 0.05 as the significance level. The response rate to the questionnaire was 83%. Conclusions: Students were significantly satisfied with the program and reported no dissatisfaction. Further, the pedagogical and motivational factors and LMS features were the leading factors of an effective e-flipped paradigm. However, individual limitations, infrastructure deficiencies, and ethical considerations may restrict the effectiveness of an e-flipped program.
Web-Based Educational Resources for Indian Medical Graduates
Authors: Chaudhari Mayur , Patel Jayshree , Yadav Preeti P. , Shah Aashal
Published: May 2022

Background: Nowadays, students have a vast knowledge of multimedia. Social media is an online platform that allows community building through collaboration. Objectives: The present study aimed to understand the use of web-based resources for educational purposes by medical students. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted for three months on the students, interns, and residents of a tertiary care hospital and Government Medical College, Surat, India. Informed consent was taken from the participants, and a pre-approved questionnaire was delivered to all of them for data collection. The data were entered using the Google spreadsheet and were expressed using descriptive statistics. Results: Out of the study population consisting of 900 individuals, 646 filled the questionnaires and were finally evaluated. Out of 646, 430 individuals were medical students, 335 were female, and 303 were male. The majority (91.9%) of the responders were exposed to computer education in their schools. We found that 549 (86.4%) people were aware of the free internet access provided to them in the college library. Almost 97% (617) of the responders had mobile phones with internet access, and 80.1% connected to the internet more than once a day. The results of this study showed that 94.4% of the participants accepted that they used internet-based media to enhance their academic knowledge, while 66.5% agreed that internet resources are giving much unreliable information. Moreover, 55.8% of the responders were associated with the academic e-learning groups. Only 55 (8.7%) respondents had received formal training for online literature search. Conclusions: The emergence of various social media applications and web-based resources provides us with more collaborative approaches to medical education. However, implementing new technologies also creates new challenges and opportunities for students and faculties. Training concerning internet search and web-based resources is important to enhance their e-learning skills.
Effect of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy on Subjective Well-being and Psychological Distress of Kerman University of Medical Sciences Students
Authors: Shahsavari Googhari Zohreh , Hafezi Fariba , Asgari Parviz , Heidari Alireza
Published: May 2022

Background: Mental health is a significant component of academic achievement, while psychological distress can reduce academic performance. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on subjective well-being and psychological distress of Kerman University of Medical Sciences students. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the study population included all Kerman University of Medical Sciences students in 2020. The study sample consisted of 30 university students randomly divided into two groups: Control (n = 15) and experimental (n = 15), using convenience sampling. The experimental group received eight 90-minute MBCT sessions biweekly. The research tools included the Subjective Well-being Scale (SWS) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The data were analyzed with SPSS version 22. Results: The mean posttest scores of emotional, psychological, and social well-being were 3.56 ± 0.31, 4.46 ± 0.32, and 5.70 ± 0.42 in the experimental group and 2.64 ± 0.40, 4.00 ± 0.37, and 3.11 ± 0.35 in the control group, respectively. Moreover, the mean posttest scores for depression, anxiety, and stress were 1.64 ± 0.16, 1.19 ± 0.41, and 1.67 ± 0.15 in the experimental group and 3.10 ± 0.24, 3.55 ± 0.52, and 3.01 ± 0.24 in the control group, respectively. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy significantly improved the posttest scores of subjective well-being subscales (emotional, psychological, and social well-being). Moreover, depression, anxiety, and stress decreased significantly in the experimental group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy effectively reduced psychological distress and improved subjective well-being in university students.
Analysing the Effect of Lockdown on Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Emotional Wellbeing Among Young Medical Students of India During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yadav Anuradha , Yadav Kavita , Punjabi Poonam , Sankhla Manisha , Shukla Jyotsana
Published: May 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic affected all population segments, including students switching to online classes and negligible outdoor activities during the lockdown period. However, the data is limited on medical students’ lifestyle changes regarding physical and mental health during the lockdown. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the effect of lockdown on physical activity, screen time and emotional wellbeing of young medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted on 250 medical students of phase-I MBBS during the lockdown period during October to December 2020. The students self-reported their physical activity, screen time usage, and emotional health status using Google Forms. Physical activity was assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the emotional status was determined using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) Questionnaire. After removing incomplete data, only 174 students’ responses were analyzed using SPSS-20, and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The physical inactivity of the medical students was 24.7%, and their average screen usage was six hours/day during the COVID-19 pandemic. Physical activity in terms of metabolic equivalent scores explains a 5% rise in positive emotions and a 2% decline in negative emotions. Screen time usage expands negative emotions (9% variance) and reduces positive emotions (7% variance). Conclusions: Students with more physical activity and less screen time usage presented a more positive effect on emotions, and the rear trend was observed for their counterparts. Thus, physical inactivity and increased screen time usage have emerged as major and independent risk factors for students’ emotional health.
Type 2 Diabetes Trends in Semnan Province of Iran and Forecasting until 2025: A Time Series Modeling Study in 2015 - 2020
Authors: Mohammadi Gholamreza , Rostamian Motlagh Fatemeh , Hassanabadi Sepehr , Babakhanian Masoudeh , Abounoori Mahdi , Darbani Mahdie , Fattah Abolfazl
Published: May 2022

Background: To decrease diabetes prevalence, society will have to make efficient policies. Objectives: This study was done to raise public awareness by estimating the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Semnan province from 2015 to 2020 and predicting its incidence until 2025. Methods: A Box-Jenkins time series analysis was used in this longitudinal study. The number of referrals with diabetes was estimated month by month from 2015 to 2020. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model parameters were determined using the Time Autocorrelation Function and Partial Autocorrelation Function graphs after using appropriate data transformation methods to create a stationary time series. Dickey-Fuller test was used to perform an accurate examination of the static assumption. ARIMA (3,1,4) was selected as the best fit for the data after analyzing the Akaike statistics of the proposed models. Finally, until 2025, the ARIMA (3,1,4) model projected the number of diabetic patients in Semnan province. Results: The total incidence of T2DM ranged by year was 75203 in 2015 and 165143 in 2020. The time series has an increasing trend, but there is no seasonal variation or periodic pattern. The data about the T2DM incidence indicated an upward trend. Furthermore, the number of T2DM patients is expected to reach 14546.35 (95% CI: 13667.88 - 15374.72) in 2021 and will reach 16956.45 (95% CI: 13499.26 - 19819.49) by the end of 2025. Conclusions: This study reported an increasing trend in T2DM incidence, which necessitates a national commitment to proactive remedies, including public policies and economic incentives for localities to begin diabetes preventive initiatives.
En torno a la supranacionalidad
Authors: Constantinesco Vlad
Published: May 2022

Este artículo vuelve a una noción compleja y controvertida: la de supranacionalidad. Con origen en el tratado que establece la CECA, donde el término supranacionalidad simplemente describe la independencia de los miembros de la Alta Autoridad respecto a los gobiernos nacionales, la supranacionalidad forma quizá una nueva categoría jurídica, dentro de un espacio conceptual situado entre el interestatal y el federal? ¿No deberíamos entonces preferir el término de «supraestatal», ya que la ambición de los tratados europeos no es la crear una supra-nación europea, sino la facilitar, a través de la ciudadanía europea, la libre circulación de personas, la libertad de prestación de servicios de acuerdo con al principio de no discriminación con respecto a la nacionalidad. Se estudia también la situación actual de la supranacionalidad, confrontada con la noción de «identidad nacional» y también con las reivindicaciones hacia una «soberanía de la Unión Europea» o hacia su «autonomía estratégica». Este artículo toma en cuenta la reciente jurisprudencia de los Tribunales constitucionales de Alemania y Polonia, que cuestiona la primacía del derecho de la Unión con respecto a sus constituciones nacionales.
El derecho a conocer los algoritmos utilizados en la toma de decisiones. Aproximación desde la perspectiva del derecho fundamental a la protección de datos personales
Authors: Medina Guerrero Manuel
Published: May 2022

El objetivo del trabajo reside en analizar si el derecho fundamental a la protección de datos personales consagrado en el art. 18.4 CE comprende el derecho a acceder a los algoritmos utilizados en la toma de decisiones. El artículo se centra especialmente en las obligaciones de información que el Reglamento General de Protección de Datos impone al responsable del tratamiento, que han suscitado la muy debatida cuestión acerca de si el Reglamento atribuye a los afectados el derecho a obtener una explicación sobre la decisión automatizada.
Quién, cómo y qué regular (o no regular) frente a la desinformación
Authors: Cotino Hueso Lorenzo
Published: May 2022

La respuesta regulatoria frente a la desinformación es compleja tanto por quiénes y cómo deben realizarla, cuanto porque están en juego las libertades de expresión e información de usuarios y también de redes y plataformas. Hay que asumir que muchos fenómenos de desinformación que se quieren evitar tendrán que quedar fuera de la respuesta jurídica. Se afirma que en muchos ámbitos lo mejor es no regular o que hay que evitar que órganos gubernamentales no independientes evalúen o restrinjan los contenidos y puedan orquestar debate político. La Unión Europea establece el marco regulatorio y a partir del mismo actúan y regulan tanto las redes y plataformas cuanto los Estados. Se examinan las políticas, Código de buenas prácticas, futura Digital Services Act y la regulación internacional de la desinformación como operaciones de influencia indebidas. Se consideran positivos los modelos de autorregulación o corregulación como la futura DSA, que puede encauzar e impulsar los actuales esfuerzos voluntarios de las redes y plataformas. También se formulan las líneas de (auto)regulación de la verificación de noticias. En el ámbito concreto español, se describen las inercias que ha habido, la necesidad de mejorar la opaca regulación española de la seguridad de la información aplicable, así como el inconstitucional «decretazo digital». En especial, se analiza la polémica Orden de 2020 y se señalan posibles mejoras de la regulación institucional y orgánica de la desinformación. Finalmente, se tienen en cuenta algunas regulaciones comparadas para el ámbito electoral (sobre operaciones de influencia, retirada judicial de contenidos o deepfakes). Se formulan concretas propuestas de regulación del régimen electoral, también respecto de la publicidad política y protección de datos para plataformas.
Neutralidad y Derecho constitucional
Authors: De Miguel Bárcena Josu
Published: May 2022

El presente trabajo pretende llevar a cabo un análisis histórico y comparado de la presencia del concepto de neutralidad en el derecho constitucional. Para ello, se han elegido varias parcelas de aplicación en la que pueden identificarse, en términos lingüísticos, conexiones e intersecciones entre una Teoría de la Constitución amplia y la propia neutralidad: el derecho internacional, la democracia, la separación de poderes, la Constitución económica, las administraciones independientes o la libertad religiosa. La razón para llevar a cabo este examen previo, es que la neutralidad se presenta en la actualidad una noción polémica que ha reaparecido en el contexto del populismo y la profunda politización de la vida pública y privada: con ello, se intenta delimitar constitucionalmente un término que permitiría en el futuro resolver controversias en las que se vean envueltos los derechos fundamentales de los ciudadanos.
La vacunación obligatoria en el contexto de la pandemia de la COVID-19: análisis desde la teoría constitucional de la limitación de los derechos fundamentales
Authors: De Montalvo Jäaskeläinen Federico
Published: May 2022

La pandemia ha traído consigo innumerables conflictos y debates acerca de los derechos fundamentales y libertades públicas y su limitación con ocasión de la protección de la salud pública y la vida e integridad de la colectividad, interés general consagrado en los artículos 15 y 43 CE. Entre aquéllos, el de la vacunación obligatoria ha venido cobrando un interés muy relevante, sobre todo, a partir de la llegada de las primeras vacunas frente a la Covid-19, abordándose en este trabajo el debate de la vacunación obligatoria desde una perspectiva constitucional, distinguiendo, además, entre dos conceptos que, habitualmente, se abordan, creemos que erróneamente como una categoría única, como son los de vacunación obligatoria y forzosa. Los derechos individuales comprometidos en una y otra son bien distintos.
La democracia interna de los partidos políticos y la interpretación exorbitante de la normativa sobre protección de datos personales. Análisis crítico sobre la jurisprudencia de los tribunales ordinarios
Authors: Díez Sarasola Mikel
Published: May 2022

Este trabajo tiene por objeto constatar el funcionamiento insatisfactorio de los partidos políticos en España, su naturaleza crecientemente autocrática y oligárquica y su falta de acomodo al mandato constitucional a propósito de la democracia interna de los mismos. En el contexto de los procesos de primarias cada vez más frecuentes en la elección de candidatos de los partidos políticos españoles, uno de los principales obstáculos a los que se enfrentan quienes dentro del partido disputan el poder a las estructuras gobernantes está relacionado con el acceso y la gestión del censo de afiliación. Frente a las peticiones de las candidaturas ajenas a la organización para contar con esa imprescindible información para hacer así efectivo sus derechos de participación política y la democracia interna de los partidos, las jefaturas de los mismos deniegan el acceso al censo, invocando para ello el cumplimiento de la normativa sobre protección de datos personales. A este respecto, se analiza cómo los tribunales ordinarios que han tenido la oportunidad de pronunciarse sobre este tipo de conflictos han privilegiado la aplicación de la protección de datos personales a partir de una interpretación considerada exorbitante que, desconociendo el contexto de la problemática planteada y prescindiendo de un adecuado análisis de conformidad con el principio de proporcionalidad, supone un menoscabo evidente del resto de derechos fundamentales en juego y del mandato constitucional en torno a la democracia interna de los partidos.
Pluralismo e inmersión lingüística: el caso francés. (Anotaciones sobre la decisión del Consejo Constitucional Francés-Décision n.º 2021-818 DC, de 21 de mayo de 2021)
Authors: Sánchez Navarro Ángel J.
Published: May 2022

Francia es generalmente considerado como un país monolingüe o lingüísticamente unitario, pero esa realidad es muy matizable: junto al francés, única lengua oficial, conviven otras muchas «lenguas de Francia», constitucionalmente consideradas «patrimonio de la República», cuyo estatuto jurídico no está claro, centrándose en las ideas de protección y promoción. Ello ha suscitado diversos problemas, como el de la inmersión lingüística en la enseñanza, que recientemente han sido objeto de regulación y de análisis por parte del Consejo constitucional, con un resultado que ha generado confusión y es a su vez objeto de un profundo debate.
Semblanza de don Pablo Lucas Verdú
Authors: Canosa Usera Raúl
Published: May 2022

La etopeya de un gran maestro universitario, como fue el profesor Lucas Verdú, no es fácil de hacer por mucho que el autor hubiera frecuentado al personaje. Esta semblanza trata de sintetizar sus puntos de vista científicos y recoge los rasgos personales de «don Pablo», como era siempre tratado y sigue siendo recordado, especialmente por sus discípulos que coincidimos todos en recordar la afabilidad de su trato y su sabiduría. Le tocó vivir entre dos generaciones de cultivadores del Derecho Político y, a diferencia de la mayoría de ellos, nunca adoptó posiciones complacientes con el régimen franquista, antes al contrario, se desentendió de él y en todas sus empresas académicas se ocupó de temas ajenos por completo al universo ideológico del franquismo, al que nunca dio cobertura. Al hacerlo preparó el advenimiento, tan gozoso para él, de la democracia. Partió de una concepción amplia del Derecho Político, pero sin mezclar los métodos científicos, en particular introdujo los de la doctrina italiana del Derecho Constitucional cuyos presupuestos compartía. Y desde el primer momento combatió el positivismo jurídico que, según él, desarmaba a la democracia frente a sus enemigos, así que apostó por un sustancialismo que dotara al Estado constitucional de personalidad estimativa. Dejó una obra con la que no arramblará una sola palabra del legislador y que seguirá inspirándonos.
Quality indicators in esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Authors: Kim Sang Yoon , Park Jae Myung
Published: May 2022

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) has been used to diagnose a wide variety of upper gastrointestinal diseases. In particular, EGD is used to screen high-risk subjects of gastric cancer. Quality control of EGD is important because the diagnostic rate is examiner-dependent. However, there is still no representative quality indicator that can be uniformly applied in EGD. There has been growing awareness of the importance of quality control in improving EGD performance. Therefore, we aimed to review the available and emerging quality indicators for diagnostic EGD.
Proof of payment is required for conclude the Ministry of University-Industry Collaborative Education Program
Authors:   Creative Publishing Co., Limited, LI Changkui
Published: May 2022

Starting from the 2021 first phase of Ministry of Education University-Industry Collaborative Education Program (UICEP) promulgated in 2021, a proof of payment must be submitted and the principal must list the program outcomes in the UICEP platform (http://cxhz.hep.com.cn) in in order to conclude the program.
Guide to GMT Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. & Ministry of Education University-Industry Collaborative Education Program 2022
Authors:   GMT Technology (Shenzhen) Co.,LTD., LI Changkui
Published: May 2022

In 2022, GMT Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. will support the Ministry of Education's University-Industry Collaborative Education Program, and set up a total of 50 projects in 6 categories.
The ambiguity of the somatism "hand" in the Crimean Tatar and Turkish languages
Authors: Bilyalova Suriie Seranovna
Published: May 2022

Semantic derivation is a way of word formation, as a result of which the semantic structure of lexemes, including somatisms, expands. The article examines the similarities and differences of the somatism "hand" in the Crimean Tatar and Turkish languages. With the help of component analysis, the semantic structure of the "hand" somatism, the types of connections between lexico-semantic variants of the polysemant are considered. The purpose of the article is to study the "hand" somatism in the Crimean Tatar and Turkish languages, analyze the semantic structures of polysemants and identify similarities and differences. The semantic structures of the somatisms "k'ol", "el" ("hand"), "avuch" ("palm"), "parmak" ("finger"), "tarnak" ("nail"), "tirsek" ("elbow"), "bilek" ("wrist"). The analysis revealed a number of similarities in the lexical and semantic composition of multivalued somatisms. The semantic structures of polysemantic lexemes nominating different parts of the hand are largely identical, however, there are some differences. The main ways of formation of lexical meanings were determined. Thus, in the Crimean Tatar and Turkish languages, secondary meanings are formed by metaphorical, metonymic and functional transfers, which is due to the similarity of appearance, color, quality, functions, etc. Lexico-semantic variants formed as a result of semantic derivation are interconnected by radial, catenal and radial-catenal types of connections.
Unravelling the Growth Potential of Rice under Modified Rice Cultivation System in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Palanisamy Jeevanand , Geethalakshmi V. , Ramanathan S. P. , Senthil A. , Kannan Balaji
Published: May 2022

There is a need for increasing rice productivity to cope up with increasing population and water shortages, especially in Tamil Nadu, India. Efforts were made in the past, mainly to increase the genetic potential of the crop, by developing high yielding varieties. However, adoption of improved agronomic practices and production technologies could further increase the productivity besides saving water. System of Rice Intensification (SRI) comprises the various altered agronomic practices and is proved to be an effective cultivation method by enhancing the rice growth and productivity. It is important to understand influence of individual practices and their combinations on rice growth and productivity for deriving the maximum growth and yield advantages of SRI features. A field experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu to study the growth responses of rice to different practices of SRI viz., 14 days old seedling with single seedling per hill, square planting pattern with wider spacing, Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) method of irrigation and, use of cono-weeders to control weeds. It was found that planting younger seedlings with single seedling per hill greatly increased dry matter assimilation in rice plants and the use of cono-weeders encouraged the tiller production in rice. The treatments with complete SRI practices produced 3 times higher number of tillers and panicles per hill and 38.9 percent more dry matter content than conventional practices. SRI practices could be adopted by the farmers to boost the growth attributes of rice and to achieve higher rice productivity in Tamil Nadu.
An expanded access program of risdiplam for patients with Type 1 or 2 spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Kwon Jennifer M. , Arya Kapil , Kuntz Nancy , Phan Han C. , Sieburg Cory , Swoboda Kathryn J. , Veerapandiyan Aravindhan , Assman Beverly , Bader‐Weder Silvia , Dickendesher Travis L. , Hansen Jennifer , Lin Helen , Yan Ying , Rao Vamshi K. ,   US Expanded Access Program Working Group
Published: May 2022

Objective

The US risdiplam expanded access program (EAP; NCT04256265) was opened to provide individuals with Type 1 or 2 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) who had no satisfactory treatment options access to risdiplam prior to commercial availability. The program was designed to collect safety data during risdiplam treatment.

Methods

Patients were enrolled from 23 non‐preselected sites across 17 states and treated with risdiplam orally once daily. Eligible patients had a 5q autosomal recessive Type 1 or 2 SMA diagnosis, were aged ≥2 months at enrollment, and were ineligible for available and approved SMA treatments or could not continue treatment due to a medical condition, lack/loss of efficacy, or the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Results

Overall, 155 patients with Type 1 (n = 73; 47.1%) or 2 SMA (n = 82; 52.9%) were enrolled and 149 patients (96.1%) completed the EAP (defined as obtaining access to commercial risdiplam, if desired). The median treatment duration was 4.8 months (range, 0.3–9.2 months). The median patient age was 11 years (range, 0–50 years), and most patients (n = 121; 78%) were previously treated with a disease‐modifying therapy. The most frequently reported adverse events were diarrhea (n = 10; 6.5%), pyrexia (n = 7; 4.5%), and upper respiratory tract infection (n = 5; 3.2%). The most frequently reported serious adverse event was pneumonia (n = 3; 1.9%). No deaths were reported.

Interpretation

In the EAP, the safety profile of risdiplam was similar to what was reported in pivotal risdiplam clinical trials. These safety data provide further support for the use of risdiplam in the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with SMA.
Micro‐Nano Structure Functionalized Perovskite Optoelectronics: From Structure Functionalities to Device Applications
Authors: Zhan Yan , Cheng Qunfeng , Song Yanlin , Li Mingzhu
Published: May 2022

Metal halide perovskite, an emerging photosensitive semiconductor, has been widely employed in solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, photodetectors, and lasers owing to its excellent photophysical properties and simple solution preparation processing. However, as a photoactive layer, the higher refractive index and thinner thickness of perovskite film can cause reflection and transmission at the interface, and confine the emitted light within devices, resulting in the poor incident photon absorption and emitted photon extraction. In addition, the intrinsic brittleness of perovskite material restricts its potential applications in flexible optoelectronics. Therefore, great effort has been put into micro‐nano structured perovskite optoelectronics, and the reported reviews mainly focus on the fabrication process of micro‐nano patterned perovskite. Herein, the functionalities of micro‐nano structures in optoelectronics, including improving the light trapping, light extraction, light modulation, carrier dynamics, mechanical robustness, and other novel functionalities, are comprehensively reviewed. The specific applications of these functionalities in perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices are then discussed in detail to provide a better understanding of the photophysical properties of micro‐nano structure functionalized optoelectronics. Finally, promising strategies to promote the multifunctional commercial applications of micro‐nano structured perovskite optoelectronics are provided.
Non‐Noble‐Metal Catalyst and Zn/Graphene Film for Low‐Cost and Ultra‐Long‐Durability Solid‐State Zn‐Air Batteries in Harsh Electrolytes
Authors: Yang Xinxin , Zheng Xuchao , Li Huanxin , Luo Bingcheng , He Yongkang , Yao Yong , Zhou Haihui , Yan Zhanheng , Kuang Yafei , Huang Zhongyuan
Published: May 2022

Exploration and development of cost‐effective, ultra‐long durability, and high‐performing non‐noble‐metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to replace Pt‐based catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion devices is still of great challenge. Although several types of non‐noble‐metal catalysts (N‐doped graphene, transition metal nanoparticles, single atomic metal‐nitrogen‐carbon, etc.) are claimed to have comparable or overwhelming catalytic performances compared with commercial Pt/C, their long‐durability, especially in harsh electrolytes, are still unsatisfactory for practical applications. Herein, the classical Fe3C‐NG catalysts are synthesized and investigated to understand the catalytic and degradation behaviors in Zn‐Air batteries. Experimental analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that the Mott–Schottky heterojunction formed by Fe3C quantum dots (QDs) and N‐doped graphene carbon (Fe3C‐NG) boosts the ORR, since the Fe3C quantum dots provide rapid electron transfer to the valence band of NG. Molecular dynamic simulation suggests that the graphene structure in NG is relatively stable in extremely corrosive electrolyte, which avoids the corrosion of Fe3C quantum dots. In combination of the Zn/graphene composite film and solid‐state electrolyte, the optimized Zn‐air battery with Fe3C‐NG catalyst delivers a high open circuit voltage of 1.506 V, high energy density of 706.4 Wh kg–1, and long‐term stability for 1000 h.
An Enzyme‐Like Activity Nanoprobe Based on Fe(III)–Rutin Hydrate Biomineral for MR Imaging and Therapy of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Yue Saisai , Zhang Peisen , Qin Meng , Zhu Lichong , Qiao Yuanyuan , Li Qilong , Lu Yijie , Wu Hao , Jiang Ni , Liu Chaoyong , Winnik Mitchell A. , Hou Yi
Published: May 2022

The diagnosis and treatment of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is still a grand challenge, because there is rare target to be manipulated. Here, an integrated functional nanoprobe is developed for precise diagnosis and treatment of TNBC, based on biominerals of Fe3+ and rutin hydrate (RH), a type of natural flavonoid. Owing to the adjacent phenol hydroxyl groups of RH, Fe3+ can biomineralize with RH to form nanoprobe colloidally stabilized by coating of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP). In the nanoprobe, the flavonol central scaffold as well as the glucoside and rhamnose groups can interact specifically with glucose transporters. Once taken by tumor cells, protonation of phenol hydroxyl groups in the weakly acidic lysosomes would lead to release of Fe3+, inducing tumor cell death through a ferroptosis/apoptosis hybrid pathway. Meanwhile, the remaining Fe(III)–RH complex can serve as a photothermal therapy (PTT) agent upon near infrared laser irradiation. Additionally, the Fe(III)–RH/PVP nanoprobe is expected to be eliminated through renal clearance if the nanoprobe formed in the presence of PVP have an appropriately small hydrated diameter. The present work provides a novel design integrated with magnetic resonance imaging capacity, therapeutic functions of Fe3+, and the PTT effect of nanoprobe for TNBC with anticipated biosafety.
A Dual‐Mode Infrared Asymmetric Photonic Structure for All‐Season Passive Radiative Cooling and Heating
Authors: Ly Kally Chein Sheng , Liu Xianghui , Song Xiaokun , Xiao Chengyu , Wang Pan , Zhou Han , Fan Tongxiang
Published: May 2022

Radiative cooling is a revolutionary sustainable thermoregulating technology in favor to fight against global warming and urban heat island effects. However, the conventional designed high infrared emissive coolers do not function satisfactorily under atmospheric counter radiation (cloudy, humid, reduced sky access conditions) nor for all‐season thermal requirement (cooling and/or heating). Dual‐mode asymmetric photonic mirror (APM) consisted of silicon‐based diffractive gratings is presented, approaching an all‐season and all‐terrain optimized radiative thermal regulation. Based on the mechanism of asymmetric diffraction through high refractive index contrast mediums, the designed APM establishes an asymmetric radiative heat transfer channel for cooling and heating. An average infrared asymmetry of 20% for outgoing and incoming radiation is achieved by the fabricated APM. The remarkable cooling power of APM surpasses 80% over the standalone radiative cooler (RC) for counter radiation conditions. Under cloudy sky, the cooling‐APM achieves 8 °C lower than RC standalone, while the heating‐APM 5.7 °C higher, which presents prominent advantages over conventional coolers for different thermal management needs. The proposed dual‐mode infrared asymmetric photonic structure is promising to overcome shortcomings of conventional radiative cooling and offers breakthrough developments in future energy‐saving thermal management system.
Defective MWCNT Enabled Dual Interface Coupling for Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 22%
Authors: Wang Yudi , Li Wenrui , Yin Yanfeng , Wang Minhuan , Cai Wanxian , Shi Yanying , Guo Jingya , Shang Wenzhe , Zhang Chunyang , Dong Qingshun , Ma Hongru , Liu Jing , Tian Wenming , Jin Shengye , Bian Jiming , Shi Yantao
Published: May 2022

Suffering from sluggish charge transfer kinetics, carbon‐based perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs) lag far behind the Ag/Au‐based normal PSCs in power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, the use of defective multi‐walled CNT (D‐MWCNT) is demonstrated to tune the charge transfer kinetics regarding hole transport layer (HTL) and the interface between HTL and carbon electrode. Benefiting from the electrostatic dipole moment interaction between the terminal oxygen‐containing groups of D‐MWCNT and 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene, an interface coupling at molecular level is established and in turn, allows rapid charge transfer by edge effect induced electron redistribution and 1D hyper‐channels. Meanwhile, a seamless connection between HTL and carbon electrode is achieved in a novel modular C‐PSCs due to D‐MWCNT induced interface coupling with graphene at nanometer scale. Based on this strategy, high PCEs up to 22.07% (with a certified record PCE of 21.9% to date for C‐PSCs) and excellent operational stability have been achieved.
Intrinsically High Magnetic Performance in Core–Shell Structural (Sm,Y)Fe12‐Based Permanent Magnets
Authors: Zhao Lizhong , Su Rui , Wen Lin , Li Wei , Liu Xiaolian , Zhang Zhenhua , Zhao Rongzhi , Han Yuyan , Zhang Xuefeng , Li Wei
Published: May 2022

ThMn12‐type SmFe12‐based permanent magnets have exhibited great potential in advanced magnet motors because of their high temperature stability of magnetic properties. However, the applications could be seriously limited due to the trade‐off between phase stability and intrinsic magnetic properties. In this work, an effective solution is demonstrated by constructing the core–shell structure (Sm‐rich shell and Y‐rich core) via a spontaneous spinodal decomposition process. The anisotropy field for the (Sm0.75Y0.25)(Fe0.8Co0.2)11.25Ti0.75 alloy is mostly optimized to be 9.24 T at room temperature. Such an enhancement is ascribed to the pinning process of domain walls by the magnetic‐hardening Sm‐rich shell, which is directly observed by in situ Lorentz transmission electron microscopy and reconstructed by micromagnetic simulation. Moreover, the phase stability and saturation magnetization are simultaneously increased, which is attributed to the synergistic effect of Y, Co, and Ti substitutions. More importantly, the high μ0Ms value of 1.52 T is comparable to the reported (Sm,Zr)Fe12‐based bulk alloys that contain a larger amount of soft α‐Fe phases, indicating that this strategy is more promising toward bulk magnets. The present study provides a significant concept for the development of advanced permanent magnets and also has implications for understanding the structural origin of intrinsic magnetic configurations.
Latest Advances in 3D Bioprinting of Cardiac Tissues
Authors: Jafari Arman , Ajji Zineb , Mousavi Ali , Naghieh Saman , Bencherif Sidi A. , Savoji Houman
Published: May 2022

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are known as the major cause of death worldwide. In spite of tremendous advancements in medical therapy, the gold standard for CVD treatment is still transplantation. Tissue engineering, on the other hand, has emerged as a pioneering field of study with promising results in tissue regeneration using cells, biological cues, and scaffolds. 3D bioprinting is a rapidly growing technique in tissue engineering because of its ability to create complex scaffold structures, encapsulate cells, and perform these tasks with precision. More recently, 3D bioprinting has made its debut in cardiac tissue engineering, and scientists are investigating this technique for development of new strategies for cardiac tissue regeneration. In this review, the fundamentals of cardiac tissue biology, available 3D bioprinting techniques and bioinks, and cells implemented for cardiac regeneration are briefly summarized and presented. Afterward, the pioneering and state‐of‐the‐art works that have utilized 3D bioprinting for cardiac tissue engineering are thoroughly reviewed. Finally, regulatory pathways and their contemporary limitations and challenges for clinical translation are discussed.
Recent Progress in Solid‐Phase Total Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Small Peptides
Authors: Yan Hong , Chen Fen‐Er
Published: May 2022

Many naturally occurring small peptides have significant therapeutic properties. Total synthesis of these peptides is not only helpful in the identification of their structures and providing methods to synthesize their analogues, but also contributes to their biosynthetic studies. As solid‐phase synthesis simplifies the tedious and time‐consuming isolation of intermediates, it has been widely applied in peptide synthesis. This review has highlighted the recent progress in solid‐phase total synthesis of both linear and cyclic naturally occurring small peptides from 2014 to July 2021.

magnified image
Homogeneous Elongation of N‐Doped CNTs over Nano‐Fibrillated Hollow‐Carbon‐Nanofiber: Mass and Charge Balance in Asymmetric Supercapacitors Is No Longer Problematic
Authors: Kim Taewoo , Subedi Subhangi , Dahal Bipeen , Chhetri Kisan , Mukhiya Tanka , Muthurasu Alagan , Gautam Jagadis , Lohani Prakash Chandra , Acharya Debendra , Pathak Ishwor , Chae Su‐Hyeong , Ko Tae Hoon , Kim Hak Yong
Published: May 2022

The hurdle of fabricating asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) devices using a faradic cathode and a double layer anode is challenging due to the required large amount of active mass of anodic material compared to that of the cathodic material during mass balancing due to the large difference in capacitance values of the two electrodes. Here, the problem is addressed by engineering a negative electrode that furnishes an ultrahigh capacitance. An in situ developed metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based thermal treatment is adopted to grow highly porous N‐doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) containing submerged Co nanoparticles over nano‐fibrillated electrospun hollow carbon nanofibers (HCNFs). The optimized CNT@HCNF‐1.5 furnishes an ultrahigh capacitance approaching 712 F g–1 with excellent rate capability. The capacitance reported from this work is the highest for any carbonaceous material reported to date. The CNT@HCNF‐1.5 is further used to fabricate symmetric supercapacitors (SSCs), as well as ASC devices. Remarkably, both the SSC and ASC devices furnish incredible performances in all aspects of SCs, such as a high energy density, long cycle life, and high rate capability, displaying decent practical applicability. The energy density of the SSC device reaches as high as 20.13 W h kg–1, whereas that of ASC approaches 87.5 W h kg–1.