bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation-Based Quantitative Serum Proteomics Analysis in Ischemic Stroke Patients With Hemorrhagic Transformation
Authors: Qi Zhifeng , Yuan Shuhua , Zhou Xixi , Ji Xunming , Liu Ke Jian
Published: August 2021

Hemorrhagic transformation (HT), which occurs with or without reperfusion treatments (thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy), deteriorates the outcomes of ischemic stroke patients. It is essential to find clinically reliable biomarkers that can predict HT. In this study, we screened for potential serum biomarkers from an existing blood bank and database with 243 suspected acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. A total of 37 patients were enrolled, who were diagnosed as AIS without receiving reperfusion treatment. They were divided into two groups based on whether they were accompanied with HT or not (five HT and 32 non-HT). Serum samples were labeled by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and compared under NCBInr database. A total of 647 proteins in sera samples were captured, and the levels of 17 proteins (12 upregulated and five downregulated) were significantly different. These differentially expressed proteins were further categorized with Gene Ontology functional classification annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes metabolic pathway analysis into biological processes. Further protein–protein interaction analysis using String database discovered that, among the differentially expressed proteins, 10 pairs of proteins were found to have crosstalk connections, which may have direct (physical) and indirect (functional) interactions for the development of HT. Our findings suggest that these differentially expressed proteins could serve as potential biomarkers for predicting HT after ischemic stroke.
Implications of FBXW7 in Neurodevelopment and Neurodegeneration: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Yang Yu , Zhou Xuan , Liu Xinpeng , Song Ruying , Gao Yiming , Wang Shuai
Published: August 2021

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) mediated protein degradation is crucial to maintain quantitive and functional homeostasis of diverse proteins. Balanced cellular protein homeostasis controlled by UPS is fundamental to normal neurological functions while impairment of UPS can also lead to some neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Functioning as the substrate recognition component of the SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, FBXW7 is essential to multiple aspects of cellular processes via targeting a wide range of substrates for proteasome-mediated degradation. Accumulated evidence shows that FBXW7 is fundamental to neurological functions and especially implicated in neurodevelopment and the nosogenesis of neurodegeneration. In this review, we describe general features of FBXW7 gene and proteins, and mainly present recent findings that highlight the vital roles and molecular mechanisms of FBXW7 in neurodevelopment such as neurogenesis, myelination and cerebral vasculogenesis and in the pathogenesis of some typical neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. Additionally, we also provide a prospect on focusing FBXW7 as a potential therapeutic target to rescue neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative impairment.
Cortical Excitability and Connectivity in Patients With Brain Tumors
Authors: Rizzo Vincenzo , Terranova Carmen , Raffa Giovanni , Cardali Salvatore Massimiliano , Angileri Filippo Flavio , Marzano Giuseppina , Quattropani Maria Catena , Germanò Antonino , Girlanda Paolo , Quartarone Angelo
Published: August 2021

Background: Brain tumors can cause different changes in excitation and inhibition at the neuronal network level. These changes can be generated from mechanical and cellular alterations, often manifesting clinically as seizures.

Objective/Hypothesis: The effects of brain tumors on cortical excitability (CE) have not yet been well-evaluated. The aim of the current study was to further investigate cortical–cortical and cortical–spinal excitability in patients with brain tumors using a more extensive transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol.

Methods: We evaluated CE on 12 consecutive patients with lesions within or close to the precentral gyrus, as well as in the subcortical white matter motor pathways. We assessed resting and active motor threshold, short-latency intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI), long-latency afferent inhibition, cortical silent period, and interhemispheric inhibition.

Results: CE was reduced in patients with brain tumors than in healthy controls. In addition, SICI, ICF, and SAI were lower in the affected hemisphere compared to the unaffected and healthy controls.

Conclusions: CE is abnormal in hemispheres affected by brain tumors. Further studies are needed to determine if CE is related with motor impairment.
Taking a Computational Cultural Neuroscience Approach to Study Parent-Child Similarities in Diverse Cultural Contexts
Authors: Chen Pin-Hao A. , Qu Yang
Published: August 2021

Parent-child similarities and discrepancies at multiple levels provide a window to understand the cultural transmission process. Although prior research has examined parent-child similarities at the belief, behavioral, and physiological levels across cultures, little is known about parent-child similarities at the neural level. The current review introduces an interdisciplinary computational cultural neuroscience approach, which utilizes computational methods to understand neural and psychological processes being involved during parent-child interactions at intra- and inter-personal level. This review provides three examples, including the application of intersubject representational similarity analysis to analyze naturalistic neuroimaging data, the usage of computer vision to capture non-verbal social signals during parent-child interactions, and unraveling the psychological complexities involved during real-time parent-child interactions based on their simultaneous recorded brain response patterns. We hope that this computational cultural neuroscience approach can provide researchers an alternative way to examine parent-child similarities and discrepancies across different cultural contexts and gain a better understanding of cultural transmission processes.
Serum Albumin Before CRRT Was Associated With the 28- and 90-Day Mortality of Critically Ill Patients With Acute Kidney Injury and Treated With Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Lv Junhua , Wang Hai , Sun Baoni , Gao Yanxia , Zhang Zhenglinag , Pei Honghong
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Although low serum albumin (ALB) may worsen acute kidney injury (AKI), additional study is needed to establish the connection between ALB and the prognosis of critically ill patients with AKI and treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).

Methods:A secondary analysis of a bi-center, retrospective, and observational study, such as critically ill patients with AKI and treated with CRRT from January 2009 to September 2016. The univariate analysis, multi-factor regression analysis, sensitivity analysis, and curve-fitting analysis were applied to explore the association of ALB with the 28 and 90 days mortality of critically ill patients with AKI and treated with CRRT, and the removal efficiency of serum phosphorus.

Results: From January 2009 to September 2016, 1,132 cases with AKI and treated with CRRT met the inclusion criteria and enrolled in this study. We found that the higher ALB before CRRT, the lower the 28- and 90-day mortality of patients with AKI and treated with CRRT, the higher removal efficiency of serum phosphorus, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) value for 28-day mortality in the four models were separately 0.92 (0.90, 0.95), 0.91 (0.89, 0.94), 0.92 (0.89, 0.95), and 0.92 (0.89, 0.95); the adjusted HR value for 90 day mortality in the four models were 0.91 (0.89, 0.94), 0.92 (0.89, 0.95), 0.92 (0.89, 0.95), and 0.92 (0.89, 0.96); the adjusted OR value for the removal efficiency of serum phosphorus in the four models were separately −0.04 (−0.07, −0.01), −0.05 (−0.08, −0.01), −0.04 (−0.08, −0.01), and −0.04 (−0.08, −0.01). The sensitivity analysis and curve-fitting analysis also showed that ALB before CRRT was correlated with the 28 and 90 days mortality of critically ill patients with AKI and treated with CRRT and the removal efficiency of serum phosphorus.

Conclusion: The higher the serum ALB before CRRT, the lower the mortality of critically ill patients with AKI and treated with CRRT, and the higher the clearance efficiency of serum phosphorus.
Role of the Melanocortin System in the Central Regulation of Cardiovascular Functions
Authors: Copperi Francesca , Kim Jung Dae , Diano Sabrina
Published: August 2021

Increasing evidence indicates that the melanocortin system is not only a central player in energy homeostasis, food intake and glucose level regulation, but also in the modulation of cardiovascular functions, such as blood pressure and heart rate. The melanocortins, and in particular α- and γ-MSH, have been shown to exert their cardiovascular activity both at the central nervous system level and in the periphery (e.g., in the adrenal gland), binding their receptors MC3R and MC4R and influencing the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, some studies have shown that the activation of MC3R and MC4R by their endogenous ligands is able to improve the outcome of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial and cerebral ischemia. In this brief review, we will discuss the current knowledge of how the melanocortin system influences essential cardiovascular functions, such as blood pressure and heart rate, and its protective role in ischemic events, with a particular focus on the central regulation of such mechanisms.
An HIV Narrative of Female Inmates With a Lifetime History of Mental Illness in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Naidoo Samantha , Ferreira Liezel , Subramaney Ugasvaree , Paruk Saeeda
Published: August 2021

Introduction: South Africa (SA) has one of the highest prevalence rates of Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) globally, with women carrying a larger burden of the disease. Furthermore, female inmates have higher rates of HIV compared to their male counterparts, with an over-representation of mental illnesses among female inmates as well. Additionally, mental illnesses are highly prevalent in people living with HIV, with HIV and mental illness sharing a complex bidirectional relationship. This study, which forms part of a larger two-phased, mixed-methods study, describes the experiences of contracting and living with/being affected by HIV, among female inmates with a lifetime history of mental illness, in a South African setting.

Method: This study was conducted at a correctional centre in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, SA. Fourteen adult (18 years and older) female inmates, were purposively selected to participate in individual, in-depth semi-structured interviews. Participants had a lifetime history of mental illness, trauma and were either living with HIV, or affected by HIV. Women from diverse cultural backgrounds, who were fluent in English, were selected. This manuscript focuses on the description of the HIV component of the qualitative interviews only. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.

Results: Themes related to contracting HIV included intimate partner betrayal, gender differences regarding sexual behaviour, fear associated with HIV and the importance of pre- and post-test HIV counselling. Themes related to living with/being affected by HIV included the challenges women experienced in their home community, which contrasted with their experience of living with HIV in the prison community, and the importance of accepting an HIV positive life.

Conclusion: HIV is prevalent in the female inmate population at this correctional centre in SA. This study emphasises that whilst incarcerated, attempts should be made to educate, train, support and manage HIV in this population, thereby helping to curb the epidemic. Further research should aim at exploring such strategies. The study also underscores the importance of the continued need for HIV education in order to eradicate associated stigma and discrimination which are still prevalent in SA.
Resilience Gentrification: Environmental Privilege in an Age of Coastal Climate Disasters
Authors: Gould Kenneth A. , Lewis Tammy L.
Published: August 2021

Climate change is exacerbating storms at the same time that humans are increasingly settling in areas most affected by such storms. In theory, post-disaster recovery offers opportunities to rebuild for sustainable development. However, in reality, responses to climate events often result in greater inequality through a process we termresilience gentrification. Three possible resolutions to the coastal resilience dialectic are managed retreat, denial, and structural mitigation. Structural mitigation has become the most popular response in the Anthropocene. This response raises the cost of coastal redevelopment, giving capital greater access and control over development decisions. These changes make coastal areas more expensive and more exclusive. We illustrate this process in the post-disaster recovery of two very different communities: Gowanus, Brooklyn and the Caribbean island of Barbuda. In both cases, attempts to build it back “green”—using selective aspects of “sustainable development” as a guide—come at the cost of exacerbating existing housing inequality. In this way, “resilience” gets equated with wealth, thus reinforcing a cycle of climate injustice. To achieve a “just sustainability,” government responses must consider and address the equity impacts of climate change resilience policies. Managed retreat and degrowth strategies for climate resilience offer greater potential for a just sustainability in the Anthropocene.
How Wetland Plants Deal With Stress
Authors: Sloey Taylor M.
Published: August 2021

We all get stressed. To deal with that stress, some of us may exercise, take a bubble bath, cry, or simply leave the stressful situation. But how can you cope with stress if you are rooted in place? Plants that live in estuaries are exposed to many types of stresses from the environment, including flooding, high salt levels, low soil oxygen, and waves. Fortunately, wetland plants have developed ways to survive within these conditions, from excreting salt, to growing faster, to even breaking down cell walls to maximize air flow. Plants can tolerate different levels of stress depending on their age and species. Knowing how plants react to stress is important for our understanding of nature and for managing important environments, like wetlands! This article explores how plant species in the San Francisco Estuary react to stress and how we can use knowledge about plant stress responses to protect wetlands.
Use of the Coyol Palm (Acrocomia aculeata) for the Production of “Taberna,” a Traditional Fermented Beverage in México
Authors: Ambrocio-Ríos José A. , Orantes-García Carolina , Sánchez-Cortés María S. , Verdugo-Valdez Alma G.
Published: August 2021

Acrocomia aculeata is a palm, which is used for various purposes in different rural communities in southeastern Mexico; among which is the obtaining of a traditional fermented beverage called “taberna.” The objective of this study was to know the management that taberna producers give to the coyol palm. The work was carried out between march and april 2016 in two communities in Chiapas. The information on palm management was obtained by applying semi-structured interviews to the families that make the beverage in each community, who narrated the process of using the palm; from its care in the field, to its court for the elaboration of a taberna and the uses and customs that revolve around this activity were described. With this work, it was possible to know the details of the elaboration of the beverage from a social and cultural perspective, which is surrounded by traditional knowledge, with great biocultural importance that gives identity not only to the communities that possess the resource, but also to the families that they take advantage of it. With this, it is expected to contribute to a management and conservation plan for the species, to guarantee the resource to the communities and preserve the biological and cultural diversity associated with this activity, given that the use of natural resources is ultimately a biocultural heritage that implies a relationship between natural resources, people, regions and local culture.
3D Printed Patient-Specific Complex Hip Arthroplasty Models Streamline the Preoperative Surgical Workflow: A Pilot Study
Authors: Jiang Michael , Coles-Black Jasamine , Chen Gordon , Alexander Matthew , Chuen Jason , Hardidge Andrew
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Surgical planning for complex total hip arthroplasty (THA) often presents a challenge. Definitive plans can be difficult to decide upon, requiring unnecessary equipment to be ordered and a long theatre list booked. We present a pilot study utilising patient-specific 3D printed models as a method of streamlining the pre-operative planning process.

Methods: Complex patients presenting for THA were referred to the research team. Patient-specific 3D models were created from routine Computed Tomography (CT) imaging. Simulated surgery was performed to guide prosthesis selection, sizing and the surgical plan.

Results: Seven patients were referred for this pilot study, presenting with complex conditions with atypical anatomy. Surgical plans provided by the 3D models were more detailed and accurate when compared to 2D CT and X ray imaging. Streamlined equipment selection was of great benefit, with augments avoided post simulation in three cases. The ability to tackle complex surgical problems outside of the operating theatre also flagged potential complications, while also providing teaching opportunities in a low risk environment.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that 3D printed models can improve the surgical plan and streamline operative logistics. Further studies investigating the optimal 3D printing material and workflow, along with cost-benefit analyses are required before this process is ready for routine use.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression and Prognosis for Laminin Genes in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Diao Bowen , Yang Ping
Published: August 2021

Survival is low in ovarian cancer (OC). Most OC patients demonstrate advanced metastases, and recurrence is common. Dysregulation of laminin interactions is associated with cancer development. However, it is unknown whether laminin subunits can be considered as biomarkers for OC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. We used cBioPortal, GEO, ONCOMINE, GEPIA, Human Protein Atlas, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, TIMER, and Metascape to determine the associations among laminin expression, prognosis, and immune cell infiltration in OC. LAMA5, LAMB3, and LAMC2 mRNAs and LAMA3, LAMB1/B2/B3, and LAMC1/C2 proteins were overexpressed in OC tissues compared with normal ovaries. LAMA4, LAMB1, and LAMC1 mRNA upregulation was positively correlated with worse overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in OC. Elevated LAMA2 and LAMC2 mRNA expression levels were related to better PFS or OS, respectively. The results speculated that LAMA5 could potentially be a good prognostic factor in OC. Its expression proves valuable for predicting OS in patients diagnosed with stage Ⅳ and grade 3 OC and PFS in patients diagnosed with all OC stages or grades. LAMB3 and LAMC2 expression was correlated with platinum resistance development. ROC analysis of laminins in OC sets revealed that LAMA2/A4/A5, LAMB1/B2/B3, and LAMC2 could be used to differentiate between malignant tumors and non-neoplastic tissues. LAMA1/A5 and LAMC1 were significantly and negatively correlated with various tumor immune infiltrates (TILs), especially with dendritic cells, CD8+ T cells or neutrophil. LAMA4 and LAMB1 might be associated with tumor purity in OC. Overall, LAMA5 and LAMC1 could help predict OC survival and diagnosis and might be deemed important OC oncogenes.
Complementary Use of Presepsin with the Sepsis-3 Criteria Improved Identification of High-Risk Patients with Suspected Sepsis
Authors: Park Jong Eun , Lee Beomki , Yoon Sun Joo , Park Chi-Min , Jung Chul Won , Ahn Myung-Ju , Park Hyung-Doo , Hwang Sung Yeon , Shin Tae Gun , Kang Eun-Suk
Published: August 2021

Presepsin has been proposed as an early indicator for diagnosis and prognosis in sepsis. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic accuracy of presepsin levels and additional value for identifying high-risk patients when taken together with the current sepsis criteria. This was a single-center, prospective, observational study of patients with suspected sepsis. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. The prognostic performance of presepsin was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), according to the sepsis definition using the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score change (delta SOFA ≥ 2) and lactate level ≥ 2 mmol/L. A total of 755 patients were included. The AUC of presepsin for predicting 28-day mortality was 0.747. Presepsin showed adequate prognostic accuracy regardless of the delta SOFA score or lactate level. High presepsin levels (>755 pg/mL) showed an independent association with 28-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio: 5.17), and significant differences in mortality were observed, even in patients with non-sepsis low lactate level. Compared with a single criterion of the delta SOFA score or lactate, the addition of the high presepsin criterion significantly increased discrimination. Presepsin showed fair prognostic performance regardless of the clinical sepsis criteria. Complementary use of presepsin with the Sepsis-3 criteria may identify more high-risk septic patients and provide useful prognostic information.
Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions for Self-Regulatory Failures in Adolescents Suffering from Externalizing Symptoms: A Scoping Review
Authors: Constanty Lauriane , Lepage Caroline , Rosselet Amoussou Joëlle , Wouters Emilie , Decoro Velia , De-Paz Lisa , Hans Charlotte , Ergüneş Hazal , Sangra Jonas , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , Urben Sébastien
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Deficits of self-regulation (SR) are a hallmark of externalizing (EXT: offending or aggressive behaviors) symptoms in adolescence. Objectives: This scoping review aims (1) to map non-pharmaceutical interventions targeting SR processes to reduce EXT symptoms in adolescents and (2) to identify research gaps, both of which will provide recommendations for future studies. Methods: Systematic searches were carried out in eight bibliographic databases up to March 2021, combining the following concepts: self-regulation, externalizing symptoms, adolescents, and non-pharmaceutical interventions. Results: We identified 239 studies, including 24,180 youths, mainly from North America, which described a plethora of non-pharmaceutical interventions targeting SR to alleviate EXT symptoms in adolescents (10–18 years of age). The majority of studies (about 70%, k = 162) represent samples with interventions exposed to “selective” or “indicated” prevention. Curriculum-based (i.e., multiple approaches targeting several domains such as emotion, cognition, and social) interventions (31.4%) were the most common type of intervention. Moreover, studies on cognitive-based interventions, mind-based interventions, and emotional-based interventions have increased over the last decades. Network analyses allowed us to identify several hubs between curriculum-based interventions, cognitive SR processes, as well as aggressiveness, conduct problems, and irritability/anger dysregulation. In addition, we identified gaps of studies concerning the physiological SR processes and on some types of interventions (i.e., body-based interventions and externally mediated interventions) or, more specifically, on promising tools, such as biofeedback, neurofeedback, as well as programs targeting neuropsychological processes (e.g., cognitive remediation). Conclusions: This scoping review stresses the plethora of interventions, identified hubs, and emerging fields, as well as some gaps in the literature, which together may orient future studies.
Clinical Course, Myopathology and Challenge of Therapeutic Intervention in Pediatric Patients with Autoimmune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy
Authors: Della Marina Adela , Pawlitzki Marc , Ruck Tobias , van Baalen Andreas , Vogt Nadine , Schweiger Bernd , Hertel Swantje , Kölbel Heike , Wiendl Heinz , Preuße Corinna , Roos Andreas , Schara-Schmidt Ulrike
Published: August 2021

(1) Background: Immune–mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is a rare form of inflammatory muscle disease which is even more rare in pediatric patients. To increase the knowledge of juvenile IMNM, we here present the clinical findings on long-term follow-up, myopathological changes, and therapeutic strategies in two juvenile patients. (2) Methods: Investigations included phenotyping, determination of antibody status, microscopy on muscle biopsies, MRI, and response to therapeutic interventions. (3) Results: Anti-signal recognition particle (anti-SRP54) and anti- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarly coenzyme A reductase (anti-HMGCR) antibodies (Ab) were detected in the patients. Limb girdle presentation, very high CK-levels, and a lack of skin rash at disease-manifestation and an absence of prominent inflammatory signs accompanied by an abnormal distribution of α-dystroglycan in muscle biopsies initially hinted toward a genetically caused muscle dystrophy. Further immunostaining studies revealed an increase of proteins involved in chaperone-assisted autophagy (CASA), a finding already described in adult IMNM-patients. Asymmetrical muscular weakness was present in the anti-SRP54 positive Ab patient. After initial stabilization under therapy with intravenous immunoglobulins and methotrexate, both patients experienced a worsening of their symptoms and despite further therapy escalation, developed a permanent reduction of their muscle strength and muscular atrophy. (4) Conclusions: Diagnosis of juvenile IMNM might be complicated by asymmetric muscle weakness, lack of cutaneous features, absence of prominent inflammatory changes in the biopsy, and altered α-dystroglycan.
Effect of Fe2O3 on Electro-Deoxidation in Fe2O3-Al2O3-NaCl-KCl System
Authors: Xu Yanke , Yan Hongyan , Jing Zhenwei , Qi Xiwei , Li Hui , Liang Jinglong
Published: August 2021

The reduction of Fe2O3-Al2O3 is one of the important reactions in the resource utilization of iron-containing oxide waste. Fe2O3-Al2O3 was electro-deoxidized in the NaCl-KCl system by molten salt electrolysis to prepare FeO/Al2O3. The effect of the Fe2O3 content on the electro-deoxidation reaction process was studied. The results show that under the conditions of 850 °C, 2.3 V, and electro-deoxidation for 4 h, FeO/Al2O3 could be obtained by controlling the content of Fe2O3. The deoxidation process was divided into three stages: electric double layer charging, Fe2O3 electro-deoxidation to Fe3O4, and Fe3O4 electro-deoxidation to FeO. With the increase in the Fe2O3 content, the deoxidation reaction rate increased, and the low-valence iron oxide particles obtained by electro-deoxidation became larger. The mechanism of the influence of Fe2O3 on the electro-deoxygenation process was determined by analyzing the experimental results. The increase in the Fe2O3 content increased the concentration of activated molecules in the system, while it reduced the resistance of electro-deoxidation. The migration of active particles in the cathode was smoother, which increased the percentage of deoxygenation of activated molecules, thereby shortening the process of the deoxidation reaction.
Development of Advanced Smart Ventilation Controls for Residential Applications
Authors: Walker Iain , Less Brennan , Lorenzetti David , Sohn Michael D.
Published: August 2021

This study examined the use of zoned ventilation systems using a coupled CONTAM/EnergyPlus model for new California dwellings. Several smart control strategies were developed with a target of halving ventilation-related energy use, largely through reducing dwelling ventilation rates based on zone occupancy. The controls were evaluated based on the annual energy consumption relative to continuously operating non-zoned, code-compliant mechanical ventilation systems. The systems were also evaluated from an indoor air quality perspective using the equivalency approach, where the annual personal concentration of a contaminant for a control strategy is compared to the personal concentration that would have occurred using a continuously operating, non-zoned system. Individual occupant personal concentrations were calculated for the following contaminants of concern: moisture, CO2, particles, and a generic contaminant. Zonal controls that saved energy by reducing outside airflow achieved typical reductions in ventilation-related energy of 10% to 30%, compared to the 7% savings from the unzoned control. However, this was at the expense of increased personal concentrations for some contaminants in most cases. In addition, care is required in the design and evaluation of zonal controls, because control strategies may reduce exposure to some contaminants, while increasing exposure to others.
The Promotive Effect of Cyanobacteria and Chlorella sp. Foliar Biofertilization on Growth and Metabolic Activities of Willow (Salix viminalis L.) Plants as Feedstock Production, Solid Biofuel and Biochar as C Carrier for Fertilizers via Torrefaction Process
Authors: Romanowska-Duda Zdzislawa , Szufa Szymon , Grzesik Mieczysław , Piotrowski Krzysztof , Janas Regina
Published: August 2021

The effect of foliar application of Cyanobacteria and Chlorella sp. monocultures on physiological activity, element composition, development and biomass weight of basket willow (Salix viminalis L.) and the possibility to prepare biofuel from it in the fortification process was studied. Triple foliar plant spraying with non-sonicated monocultures of Cyanobacteria (Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, Microcystis aeruginosa MKR 0105) and Chlorella sp. exhibited a considerably progressive impact on metabolic activity and development of plants. This biofertilization increased cytomembrane impermeability, the amount of chlorophyll in plants, photosynthesis productivity and transpiration, as well as degree of stomatal opening associated with a decreased concentration of intercellular CO2, in comparison to control (treatments with water, Bio-Algeen S90 or with environmental sample). The applied strains markedly increased the element content (N, P, K) in shoots and the productivity of crucial growth enzymes: alkaline or acid phosphorylase, total dehydrogenases, RNase and nitrate reductase. Treatments did not affect energy properties of the burnt plants. These physiological events were associated with the improved growth of willow plants, namely height, length and amount of all shoots and their freshly harvested dry mass, which were increased by over 25% compared to the controls. The effectiveness of these treatments depended on applied monoculture. The plant spraying with Microcystis aeruginosa MKR 0105 was a little more effective than treatment with Chlorella sp. and Anabaena sp. or the environmental sample. The research demonstrate that the studied Cyanobacteria and Chlorella sp. monocultures have prospective and useful potential in production of Salix viminalis L., which is the basic energy plant around the word. In this work, a special batch reactor was used to produce torrefaction material in an inert atmosphere: nitrogen, thermogravimetric analysis and DTA analysis, like Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The combustion process of Salix viminalis L. with TG-MS analysis was conducted as well as study on a willow torrefaction process, obtaining 30% mass reduction with energy loss close to 10%. Comparing our research results to other types of biomasses, the isothermal temperature of 245 °C during thermo-chemical conversion of willow for the carbonized solid biofuel production from Salix viminalis L. biomass fertilized with Cyanobacteria and Chlorella sp. is relatively low. At the end, a SEM-EDS analysis of ash from torrefied Salix viminalis L. after carbonization process was conducted.
Factors Affecting the Adoption of Photovoltaic Systems in Rural Areas of Poland
Authors: Angowski Marek , Kijek Tomasz , Lipowski Marcin , Bondos Ilona
Published: August 2021

The paper aims to identify and explain the factors influencing the decision-making process on the behavioural intention to use home photovoltaic systems by Polish households and potential buyers. The survey was conducted in 2021 on a sample of 521 participants. The research used a random sample of households without PV systems located in the rural areas in Poland, where the adoption of innovative technologies related to obtaining energy from renewable sources is especially important. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to measure structural relationships. The main finding indicates that consumer innovativeness has the strongest impact on the intention to purchase a photovoltaic installation. The perceived value also affects the intention to purchase a photovoltaic installation. The perceived value is affected by perceived economic benefits and indirectly by the subjective knowledge of PV. Surprisingly, environmental concerns negatively affect the intention to use PV installations.
Sizing Procedure for System Hybridization Based on Experimental Source Modeling for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Shmaryahu Aaron , Amar Nissim , Ivanov Alexander , Aharon Ilan
Published: August 2021

Hybrid vehicles are now more common in response to increasing global warming. The hybridization of energy sources and energy storage units enables improving the sustainability, reliability, and robustness of power systems. To reach the objective of zero emissions, a proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel-cell was utilized as an energy source. The aim of this research was to create an accurate optimal sizing procedure for determining the nominal rating of the necessary sources. We modeled the fuel cell and the battery pack using data from real experimental results to create the generic database. Then, we added data on the mission profile, system constraints, and the minimization target function. The mission profile was then analyzed by the sizing algorithm to determine optional minimum and maximum fuel cell ratings. Analyzing the optional solutions using the vehicle real time energy management system controller resulted in a set of solutions for each available rated fuel cell, and the optimal compatible battery in the revealed band successfully accomplished the route of the driving cycle within the system limitations. Finally, the Pareto curve represented the optimal finding of the sizing procedure. Ultimately, in contrast to previous works that utilize gross manufacturer data in the sizing procedure, the main research contribution and novelty of this research is the very accurate sizing results, which draw on real experimental-based fuel-cell and battery sizing models. Moreover, the actual vehicle real time energy management system controllers were used in the sizing procedure.
Experimental and Computational Model for a Neonatal Incubator with Thermoelectric Conditioning System
Authors: Rincón Casado Alejandro , Larrodé-Díaz Mauricio , Fernandez Zacarias Francisco , Hernández Molina Ricardo
Published: August 2021

This work describes the design, construction and testing of a thermo-electric conditioning device installed in a neonatal incubator with the aim of improving the precision in the regulation of the interior air temperature, reducing noise and interior vibration, and improving the life of the neonate. A simplified one-dimensional thermal model has been developed, made up of resistances and thermal capacities that simulate the thermal behaviour of all the elements of the system from end to end. All the equations of the model are obtained in a nodal way, allowing the mathematical relationship between the input and output to be known. This model makes it possible to improve temperature control, avoiding the deviations that occur in the traditional model controlled by sensors at both ends. The computational model allows to predict the variation of temperatures in transient and permanent regime. This model allows the design and sizing of the thermoelectric system for different outdoor environmental conditions and the selection of the number of Peltier modules needed to satisfy the heating demand of other incubators with different geometry and capacity. The results of the computational model show good agreement with the experimental tests, despite being a simplified 1D nodal model. The results obtained show a coefficient of operation (COP) of 1.38, achieving higher performance than the current traditional electrical resistance system (COP = 1). In addition, a CFD study has been carried out to check the air patterns, to see the temperature uniformity and to estimate the number of air changes per hour (HVAC) inside the incubator.
Robust Design of Dual-Input Power System Stabilizer Using Chaotic JAYA Algorithm
Authors: Alshammari Badr M. , Farah Anouar , Alqunun Khalid , Guesmi Tawfik
Published: August 2021

This work aims to improve the stability of a system that consists of one generator using a dual-input stabilizer of a power system. For this purpose, a new design method based on a chaotic JAYA algorithm is proposed. This algorithm hybridizes the original JAYA algorithm with chaos to improve its exploration and exploitation capabilities. Indeed, the disordered numbers generated by the chaotic map are exploited to control the standard JAYA algorithm’s search equations. The issue of design is stated as an optimization problem. The proposed technique is involved in the selection of optimal values of the dual-input power system stabilizer (PSS) parameters. The efficiency of the proposed controller is assessed under various loading conditions and compared with the original JAYA, cuckoo search and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms. The target function consists of the integration of absolute error multiplied by the time, including the speed deviation is considered for the controller design method. The controller tuned by a chaotic JAYA algorithm is tested using a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) power system. The findings of the simulation results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the suggested method in damping oscillations over an extended range of loading conditions.
High-Power Closed-Loop SMPC-Based Photovoltaic System Characterization under Varying Ambient Conditions
Authors: Bharadwaj Pallavi , John Vinod
Published: August 2021

Photovoltaic energy generation potential can be tapped with maximum efficacy by characterizing the source behaviour. Characterization refers to the systematic terminal measurement-based PV modeling which can further facilitate output prediction and fault detection. Most of the existing PV characterization methods fail for high-power PV array due to increased thermal losses in electronic components. Here, we propose a switched-mode power converter-based PV characterization setup which is designed with input filter to limit switching ripple entering into PV array under test, thereby enhancing system life and efficiency. The high resonant frequency input filter ensures its compactness with high-speed characterization capability. To further enhance the system performance, a closed-loop current control of the system is designed for high bandwidth and stable phase margins. Variation of the controller parameters under varying ambient conditions of 200–1000 W/m2 irradiation and 25–70 °C temperature is documented and an adaptive PI controller is proposed. Experimental and simulation results validate the high performance of the closed loop operation of the PV characterization at 1.2 kW range power level in real-time field conditions. Compared to the open loop operation, the closed-loop operation eliminates the waveform ringing by 100% during characterization.
An Explicit Analytical Solution for Transient Two-Phase Flow in Inclined Fluid Transmission Lines
Authors: Wassar Taoufik , Franchek Matthew A. , Mnasri Hamdi , Tang Yingjie
Published: August 2021

Due to the complex nonlinearity characteristics, analytical modeling of compressible flow in inclined transmission lines remains a challenge. This paper proposes an analytical model for one-dimensional flow of a two-phase gas-liquid fluid in inclined transmission lines. The proposed model is comprised of a steady-state two-phase flow mechanistic model in-series with a dynamic single-phase flow model. The two-phase mechanistic model captures the steady-state pressure drop and liquid holdup properties of the gas-liquid fluid. The developed dynamic single-phase flow model is an analytical model comprised of rational polynomial transfer functions that are explicitly functions of fluid properties, line geometry, and inclination angle. The accuracy of the fluid resonant frequencies predicted by the transient flow model is precise and not a function of transmission line spatial discretization. Therefore, model complexity is solely a function of the number of desired modes. The dynamic single-phase model is applicable for under-damped and over-damped systems, laminar, and turbulent flow conditions. The accuracy of the overall two-phase flow model is investigated using the commercial multiphase flow dynamic code OLGA. The mean absolute error between the two models in step response overshoot and settling time is less than 8% and 2 s, respectively.
Refraction of Oblique Shock Wave on a Tangential Discontinuity
Authors: Bulat Pavel , Melnikova Anzhelika , Upyrev Vladimir , Volkov Konstantin
Published: August 2021

The refraction of an oblique shock wave on a tangential discontinuity dividing two gas flows with different properties is considered. It is shown that its partial reflection occurs with the exception of the geometrical diffraction of an oblique shock. Another oblique shock, expansion wave or weak discontinuity that coincides with the Mach line can act as a reflected disturbance. This study focuses on the relationships that define the type of reflected discontinuity and its parameters. The domains of shock wave configurations with various types of reflected discontinuities, including characteristic refraction and refraction patterns with a reflected shock and a reflected rarefaction wave, are analyzed. The domains of existence of various shock wave structures with two types of reflected disturbance, and the boundaries between them, are defined. The domains of parameters with one or two solutions exist for the characteristic refraction. Each domain is mapped by the type of refraction with regard to the Mach number, the ratio of the specific heat capacities of the two flows and the intensity of a refracted oblique shock wave. The conditions of the regular refraction and the Mach refraction are formulated, and the boundaries between the two refraction types are defined for various types of gases. Refraction phenomena in various engineering problems (hydrocarbon gaseous fuel and its combustion products, diatomic gas, fuel mixture of oxygen and hydrogen, etc.) are discussed. The result can be applied to the modeling of the shock wave processes that occur in supersonic intakes and in rotating and stationary detonation engines. The solutions derived can be used by other researchers to check the quality of numerical methods and the correctness of experimental results.
Spectral Galerkin Approximation of Space Fractional Optimal Control Problem with Integral State Constraint
Authors: Wang Fangyuan , Li Xiaodi , Zhou Zhaojie
Published: August 2021

In this paper spectral Galerkin approximation of optimal control problem governed by fractional advection diffusion reaction equation with integral state constraint is investigated. First order optimal condition of the control problem is discussed. Weighted Jacobi polynomials are used to approximate the state and adjoint state. A priori error estimates for control, state, adjoint state and Lagrangian multiplier are derived. Numerical experiment is carried out to illustrate the theoretical findings.
Association of Primary Hypertension and Risk of Cerebrovascular Diseases with Overweight and Physical Activity in Korean Women: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Su Nan , Kim Yonghwan , Won Youngin
Published: August 2021

Cerebrovascular diseases include stroke, intracranial stenosis, aneurysms, and vascular malformations; primary hypertension is typically associated with cerebrovascular disease. The incidence of these diseases is higher in men than in women, and low physical activity and obesity are known to increase the risk of cerebrovascular disease. This study aimed to longitudinally analyze the adjusted relative risk (ARR) of primary hypertension and cerebrovascular diseases, in relation to body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA), in Korean women. The study retrieved the data of 1,464,377 adult Korean women (aged 50–79 years), who participated in the national health screening program from 2002 to 2003. The participants had no history of primary hypertension or cerebrovascular diseases, and were followed up by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) until 2013. The participants were divided into the following groups: normal weight (18.5–24.9), overweight (25.0–29.9), and obese (≥30.0) kg/m2, based on the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. The frequency of PA (days) was determined using a physical activity questionnaire, and defined as low (0–2), medium (3–4), and high (5–7) days. The RR was calculated using Cox regression. Three models were created based on the adjusted variables. The ARR for hypertension was 0.933 (95% CI; 0.920–0.955, p < 0.001) in obese patients with medium PA. Primary hypertension was lower (ARR: 0.943; 95% CI; 0.928–0.961, p < 0.001) in overweight participants with medium PA, than in those with low PA. The incidence of cerebrovascular disease was lower in overweight individuals with medium PA (ARR: 0.945, 95% CI; 0.925–0.976, p < 0.001), than in those with low PA. The risk of cerebrovascular disease was reduced in normal-weight participants with medium PA (ARR: 0.889; 95% CI: 0.854–0.919; p < 0.001), than in those with high PA (ARR 0.913; 95% CI; 0.889–0.953, p < 0.001). In the obese group, there was no significant difference in the risk of cerebrovascular disease, based on the frequency of PA. In conclusion, the relative risk of primary hypertension in women was lower with moderate activity than with low activity, in the normal-weight and overweight groups. The relative risk of cerebrovascular disease was lower in the participants with moderate and high activity than in those with low activity, even at normal weight. In obese individuals, moderate and high activity reduced cerebrovascular disease compared to low activity. Therefore, regardless of obesity, PA may contribute to the prevention of primary hypertension and cerebrovascular disease in adult women.