bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A TRAJETÓRIA DE LÍCIA DO PRADO VALLADARES E A CONSTITUIÇÃO DO CAMPO DOS ESTUDOS URBANOS NO BRASIL
Authors: De Pontes Gondim Linda Maria
Published: January 2023

Este trabalho analisa a trajetória da socióloga Lícia Valladares e sua contribuição para o campo dos estudos urbanos, em que exerceu papel de liderança. Ela pesquisou os temas favela, habitação, pobreza urbana, movimentos sociais e infância pobre. Nos anos 2000, passa a estudar a Escola de Sociologia de Chicago, contribuindo para a formação de um pensamento social-urbano no Brasil, em diálogo com as sociologias francesa e norte-americana. Destaque-se seu papel no registro e na divulgação de trabalhos sobre o urbano, mediante a criação do banco de dados Urbandata, que viabilizou balanços bibliográficos sobre os temas de suas pesquisas, o que veio ao encontro de sua postura epistemológica, que preconizava o conhecimento aprofundado do estado da arte do objeto de cada investigação. A trajetória de Lícia Valladares revela diferentes facetas dos estudos urbanos no Brasil, incluindo temas de natureza micro e macro, relevantes para a constituição de uma agenda de pesquisas. A socióloga teve atuação destacada para a criação de redes de pesquisas transnacionais e para a formação de novos pesquisadores.
Cidade das meninas invisíveis
Authors: Donin Neto Adriano , Dos Santos Boeira Laura
Published: January 2023

O lazer urbano e as práticas lúdicas na cidade são direitos que devem ser contemplados na política pública para crianças e adolescentes. Por meio do método cartográfico, objetivamos caracterizar os modos de uso dos espaços públicos livres pelas crianças em Florianópolis (SC), relacionando aspectos de gênero e idade. Os dados foram registrados em diários de campo compostos no deslocamento do pesquisador pela cidade. No total, foram observados 81 equipamentos de lazer para a infância em 19 bairros da cidade, contabilizadas 210 crianças e adolescentes, sendo 30% do gênero feminino. A invisibilidade e baixa presença das meninas nesses locais parecem ser marcas da opressão de gênero, que se engendra, com o passar dos anos, nos corpos femininos. Concluiu-se que a interseccionalidade entre gênero e faixa etária pode influenciar o acesso ao direito ao lazer em espaços públicos, com meninas, em especial as crianças mais velhas e as adolescentes, tornando-o mais restrito.
El cuerpo y el ‘metreo’
Authors: Hernandez-Sancen Jose Octavio
Published: January 2023

En la ciudad, la relación entre el cuerpo y el lugar es productora del espacio (siempre en devenir) de las realidades emergentes imbricadas en la vida cotidiana. En la gran Ciudad de México, el metro es el transporte público por predilección para miles de personas. Desde el trabajo etnográfico realizado entre la ‘cajita feliz’ y el último vagón, también llamado ‘putivagón’, fue posible identificar el lugar del cuerpo y de los cuerpos de hombres en el proceso de apropiación del espacio público urbano del metro. El cuerpo como agente vincular de la sexualidad y el homoerotismo, de continuidad entre carne humana y máquina, de intersección del orden subjetivo, social y cultural, es el elemento sustancial para la construcción de los pactos de complicidad entre hombres desde lo emergente y abyecto en los acoplamientos del cyborg en la práctica del ‘metreo’.
Entrevista com Renata Marquez e Brígida Campbell
Authors: Rocha Eduardo , Pajeú Alexandre
Published: January 2023

Para compor a sessão de entrevistas do dossiê Territorialidades Dissidentes e(m) Narrativas Urbanas da Revista Periódicus, convidamos as pesquisadoras Renata Marquez e Brígida Campbell, que, além de professoras da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), ambas são artistas e se interessam, em suas produções textuais e práticas, pelo tensionamento investigativo entre artes e espaços públicos urbanos.
Entrevista com Alan Costa, Taliboy e Xan Marçall
Authors: Rocha Eduardo , Camboim Iale
Published: January 2023

Nós, integrantes da Linha de Pesquisa do NuCuS, “Corpos, Cidades e Territorialidades Dissidentes”, que é propositora deste dossiê temático, convidamos três artistas das artes visuais e artes cênicas, com expressivas produções na cidade de Salvador, para uma entrevista em torno dos seus trabalhos. O performer e idealizador do Coletivo Afrobapho Alan Costa, o grafiteiro e artista visual Taliboy e a atriz e dramaturga Xan Marçall nos narram, em uma conversa virtual conjunta, suas trajetórias artísticas, dando ênfase às suas ações e ocupações dos espaços da cidade de Salvador com trabalhos que utilizam de diversas linguagens para trazer a tona as questões das dissidências sexuais e de gêneros que atravessam seus corpos e se expressam esteticamente em suas produções.
Ouça com exclusividade a gravação completa da entrevista clicando aqui.
MARIANO ANTÔNIO FERREIRA
Authors: Silva Hiago Feitosa da
Published: January 2023

Mariano Antônio Ferreira foi um homem de seu tempo, extremamente engajado nas artes e cultura afro-sergipana. Seu trabalho mais notório se deu atuando pelo grupo de teatro de rua Imbuaça, que é hoje um dos grupos mais antigos do Brasil. Sua atuação no Grupo Imbuaça se dá desde os anos 80, destacando-se como um dos principais membros do grupo, tendo exercido diversas funções desde sua entrada. A intenção desse texto é discutir o papel de Mariano Antônio Ferreira na tradução de uma cultura popular afro-sergipana por meio do teatro. Para isto, esta pesquisa se debruça a entender os elementos de negritude presentes na cultura, produzida pelos mestres populares de Sergipe e discutir as formas como Mariano aprendeu esses saberes com os mestres e transmitiu para os palcos. O foco desta pesquisa é trazer à luz a trajetória e o papel de sujeitos negros como formadores culturais em Sergipe, assim, como tencionar as questões de invisibilidade do negro na historiografia sergipana. O recorte da pesquisa é de 1980 a 1995, que marca o trabalho do ator até a sua morte.
AS REPRESENTAÇÕES DE IMAGENS DO ÍNDIO BRASILEIRO NAS HQS DE MAURÍCIO DE SOUSA ATRAVÉS DO PAPA-CAPIM
Authors: Ferreira Peter
Published: January 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as descrições de índios que circulavam em cartuns nacionais na década de 2000, com o objetivo de mostrar como eram os rostos, a maneira de se vestir, a relação entre eles e o ambiente em que vivem. Há também eventos em questão no mundo ficcional dos quadrinhos aparentemente inocentes, e se seus detalhes forem analisados, pode-se observar que, além de suas intenções lúdicas, eles carregam uma infinidade de estereótipos relacionados aos povos indígenas. Esta pesquisa se fundamenta teoricamente nos estudos da imagem de Eduardo França Paiva (2009) e Jacques Rancière (2012), na narrativa caricatural de Moacy Cirne (1975), na estrutura do livro na obra de Roger Chartier (1998) Tania Regina de Luca (2005) Explora-se o uso de periódicos como fonte de informação.
INTÉRPRETES AFRICANOS E DOMÍNIO COLONIAL FRANCÊS NO SUDÃO OCIDENTAL (1863-1898)
Authors: Cruz Rafaél Antônio Nascimento
Published: January 2023

Este artigo aborda as ações de africanos que desempenharam o papel de intermediários transacionais entre a administração colonial francesa em expansão e as populações do Sudão ocidental. Região de grande heterogeneidade linguística, os intérpretes viabilizaram a comunicação entre militares e administradores franceses e falantes de línguas como fulfulde, uolofe, bambara, diúla e árabe, entre outras. Nessa tradução, os intérpretes operavam a mediação cultural e política entre repertórios distintos em uma relação que se estabelecia assimetricamente. Nosso objetivo é compreender a maneira como estes intérpretes mobilizaram sua posição ambígua e os vácuos existentes entre o desconhecimento e o conhecimento pretendido que os franceses possuíam das populações locais e, de outra parte, o desconhecimento e o conhecimento pretendido que estas populações possuíam dos franceses. Para tanto, recorremos a uma variada documentação produzida pelos franceses, como relatos de viagem, tratados, recolhas de contos ou tradições orais – peças da “biblioteca colonial”. Os intérpretes africanos, que podiam ser formais ou ocasionais, permitem entender a agência de alguns africanos em face da violência do estabelecimento da dominação colonial, bem como as transformações profundas vivenciadas pelas sociedades que lidaram de maneiras diversas com essa modalidade de dominação até então desconhecida.
PATRIMÔNIO NEGRO E O ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA
Authors: Silva Thamires da Costa , Callefi Thiago Valério
Published: January 2023

O artigo almeja debater as possibilidades de educação patrimonial construídas com o patrimônio de origem afro-brasileira, visando o ensino de história antirracista na educação básica. Para alcançar esse objetivo são abordadas discussões sobre o ensino da história e os processos de invisibilidade das narrativas da população negra, bem como a necessidade de implementação da Lei 10.639 de 2003 e 11.645 de 2008, que obriga que seja incluído no currículo oficial da Rede de Ensino a temática “História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira e Indígena”. Também é levantado o debate sobre a proteção do patrimônio cultural de origem afro-brasileira, seja ele material ou imaterial, em âmbito federal, isso quer dizer como a principal instância de proteção, o Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional - IPHAN, acautela os bens de origem negra e se eles refletem os processos de apagamento e silenciamento da cultura de origem afro-brasileira. A educação patrimonial é analisada a fim de compreender suas origens e desafios de implementação na educação formal, sendo assim, na útima abordagem,será proposto a criação de um inventário participativo construído com o patrimônio negro e a comunida escolar, durante as aulas de história do ensino básico, no Quilombo de Pombal no distrito de Placas em Santa Rita do Novo Destino - Goiás e no Quilombo da Pedra do Sal, situado na Pequena África do Rio de Janeiro visando a promoção e ampliação da cultura negra nas escolas. Especialistas e pesquisadores do campo da história, do patrimônio de origem afro-brasileiro e da educação patrimonial embasam todo o artigo e demarcam o patrimônio como um campo de disputas e a importância de uma educação patrimonial decolonial. Por fim, busca-se que através do processo educacional, promover importantes reflexões sobre a cultura, os saberes e as tradições afro-brasileiras, mostrando aos alunos do ensino de história do ensino básico, a importância da preservação do patrimônio cultural afro-brasiliero.
MEMÓRIA E IMIGRAÇÃO
Authors: Bonifácio Junior Wanderson Silva
Published: January 2023

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de expor um estudo da imigração portuguesa a partir da biografia de José Bento Silvares, imigrante português que chegou ao Brasil em 1927. Além disso, procuramos promover uma exposição sobre o uso das biografias e o conceito de memória, para o estudo das migrações. Ainda neste trabalho, fizemos a exposição da trajetória, relacionando-a ao seu contexto cruzando a fonte com bibliografia, discutindo a saída de seu local de origem, o enraizamento em terras brasileiras e as estratégias de e(i)migração.
MISIRLOU
Authors: Lima Savio Queiroz
Published: January 2023

O trabalho propõe fazer uma viagem de regressão histórica para compreender as apropriações da canção Misirlou, até sua possível conotação de opressão sexista romantizada. O filme Pulp Fiction popularizou uma sonoridade através da canção ao estilo surf music chamada Misirlou, lançada em 1962 por Dick Dale & His Del-Tones e posteriormente sampleada pelo grupo Black Eye Peas para a música Pump It em 2006. Por modernismo orientalista, George Abdo e sua orquestra “chamas da Arábia” atualizou em 1976, no disco The Art of Belly Dacing, a versão “Miserlou” de Anton Abdelahad de 1946, cantada com letra. Antes destes, o refugiado Theodotos “Tetos” Demetriades levou e gravou em 1927, em solo estadunidense, a canção folclórica turco-grega Misirlou. Antes de se tornar rebético grego, foi supostamente gravada em 1919 pelo egípcio Sayed Darwish, com o nome “Bint Misr”, que é a expressão árabe do turco “misirlou”, significando “moça egípcia”. Não apenas no seu título como nas versões diversas da letra cantada, grego, turco e árabe se amalgamam como efeito derradeiro do crepúsculo do Império Otomano (1299-1922). A tensão da letra, nas múltiplas versões, romantiza os desejos amorosos e carnais de um homem grego a uma moça egípcia, entre elogios e galanteios, projetando seu sequestro, de consentimento não declarado. O destaque sobre a singularidade da beleza da cativa sugere a sua condição social de escrava sexual, pertencentes a haréns, atividade econômica centralmente significativa do século XVIII ao XX no cerne do Império Otomano. A proposta analítica aborda o esvaziamento e romantização do significado originário da memória musicada sobre erotização e jogo afetivo no trânsito da música até a atualidade, ofertando seu uso para o ensino de História sob o prisma dos estudos de gênero.
Apresentação
Authors: Alencar Johnnys Jorge Gomes
Published: January 2023

Anais da Jornada de História da UFBA
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
Authors: Chovatiya Raj
Published: January 2023

This JAMA Patient Page describes atopic dermatitis (eczema) and its symptoms and treatment options.
Surgical Site Infection Prevention
Authors: Seidelman Jessica L. , Mantyh Christopher R. , Anderson Deverick J.
Published: January 2023

Importance

Approximately 0.5% to 3% of patients undergoing surgery will experience infection at or adjacent to the surgical incision site. Compared with patients undergoing surgery who do not have a surgical site infection, those with a surgical site infection are hospitalized approximately 7 to 11 days longer.

Observations

Most surgical site infections can be prevented if appropriate strategies are implemented. These infections are typically caused when bacteria from the patient’s endogenous flora are inoculated into the surgical site at the time of surgery. Development of an infection depends on various factors such as the health of the patient’s immune system, presence of foreign material, degree of bacterial wound contamination, and use of antibiotic prophylaxis. Although numerous strategies are recommended by international organizations to decrease surgical site infection, only 6 general strategies are supported by randomized trials. Interventions that are associated with lower rates of infection include avoiding razors for hair removal (4.4% with razors vs 2.5% with clippers); decolonization with intranasal antistaphylococcal agents and antistaphylococcal skin antiseptics for high-risk procedures (0.8% with decolonization vs 2% without); use of chlorhexidine gluconate and alcohol-based skin preparation (4.0% with chlorhexidine gluconate plus alcohol vs 6.5% with povidone iodine plus alcohol); maintaining normothermia with active warming such as warmed intravenous fluids, skin warming, and warm forced air to keep the body temperature warmer than 36 °C (4.7% with active warming vs 13% without); perioperative glycemic control (9.4% with glucose <150 mg/dL vs 16% with glucose >150 mg/dL); and use of negative pressure wound therapy (9.7% with vs 15% without). Guidelines recommend appropriate dosing, timing, and choice of preoperative parenteral antimicrobial prophylaxis.

Conclusions and Relevance

Surgical site infections affect approximately 0.5% to 3% of patients undergoing surgery and are associated with longer hospital stays than patients with no surgical site infections. Avoiding razors for hair removal, maintaining normothermia, use of chlorhexidine gluconate plus alcohol–based skin preparation agents, decolonization with intranasal antistaphylococcal agents and antistaphylococcal skin antiseptics for high-risk procedures, controlling for perioperative glucose concentrations, and using negative pressure wound therapy can reduce the rate of surgical site infections.
Management of Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias Including Chronic Cluster
Authors: Diener Hans Christoph , Tassorelli Cristina , Dodick David W.
Published: January 2023

Importance

Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) comprise a unique collection of primary headache disorders characterized by moderate or severe unilateral pain, localized in in the area of distribution of the first branch of the trigeminal nerve, accompanied by cranial autonomic symptoms and signs. Most TACs are rare diseases, which hampers the possibility of performing randomized clinical trials and large studies. Therefore, knowledge of treatment efficacy must be based only on observational studies, rare disease registries, and case reports, where real-world data and evidence play an important role in health care decisions.

Observations

Chronic cluster headache is the most common of these disorders, and the literature offers some evidence from randomized clinical trials to support the use of pharmacologic and neurostimulation treatments. Galcanezumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide, was not effective at 3 months in a randomized clinical trial but showed efficacy at 12 months in a large case series. For the other TACs (ie, paroxysmal hemicrania, hemicrania continua, short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing, and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms), only case reports and case series are available to guide physicians in everyday management.

Conclusions and Relevance

The accumulation of epidemiologic, pathophysiologic, natural history knowledge, and data from case series and small controlled trials, especially over the past 20 years from investigators around the world, has added to the previously limited evidence and has helped advance and inform the treatment approach to rare TACs, which can be extremely challenging for clinicians.
Effect of Self-treatment of Recurrent Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Kim Hyo-Jung , Kim Ji-Soo , Choi Kwang-Dong , Choi Seo-Young , Lee Seung-Han , Jung Ileok , Park Jae Han
Published: January 2023

Importance

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of vertigo with frequent recurrences.

Objective

To determine the efficacy of a web-based diagnosis and treatment of BPPV when it recurs in patients with confirmed and treated BPPV.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This randomized, controlled, parallel-group, double-blind trial took place in multiple referral-based university hospitals in South Korea between July 2017 and February 2020. Of 728 patients (age ≥20 years) with diagnosed and treated BPPV, 585 were enrolled after excluding 143 who declined participation, could not use the internet, or had spinal problems, multicanal BPPV, or cognitive dysfunction. Patients were followed up for recurrence at least for 2 years until February 2022.

Interventions

Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to the treatment or control group. The patients in the treatment group completed a questionnaire for diagnosis and received a video clip for self-administration of canalith repositioning maneuver (CRM) according to the type of BPPV diagnosed when they experienced positional vertigo again. Patients in the control group received a video clip for self-administration of CRM according to the type of BPPV that had been diagnosed on enrollment.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was self-reported resolution of positional vertigo post-CRM. Secondary outcomes included difficulties and requirement for assistance when using the program and any falls or other adverse events related to CRM. The primary outcome was analyzed using both intention-to-treat and per-protocol methods.

Results

Of 585 patients enrolled, 292 were randomized to the treatment group (mean [SD] age, 60.3 [12.8] years, 37 [64%] women) and 293 were randomized to the control group (mean [SD] age, 61.1 [13.2] years; 50 [71%] women). Overall, 128 (21.9%) had recurrence (58 in the treatment group and 70 in the control group), and 109 (85.2%) successfully used the web-based system. In the intention-to-treat analysis, 42 of 58 individuals (72.4%) in the treatment group and 30 of 70 individuals (42.9%) in the control group reported vertigo resolution (χ2 test: 95% CI, 0.13-0.46; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

This trial proved the efficacy of a web-based system for the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent BPPV. Use of this system may play an important role in telemedicine for vestibular disorders.

Trial Registration

Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0002364
Beta cell regeneration upon magainin and growth hormone treatment as a possible alternative to insulin therapy
Authors: Moosavi Azam , Yazdanparast Razieh
Published: January 2023

Insulin therapy, pancreas transplantation and β cell regeneration are among the suggested treatment strategies for type 1 diabetes. It has been shown that some antimicrobial peptides have the potential to increase insulin release and to improve glucose tolerance, although the mechanism by which they promote the regeneration of damaged pancreatic cells to functional β‐like cells remains unknown. To answer this question, we evaluated the in vivo effects of magainin‐AM2 and growth hormone (GH) on the regeneration of streptozotocin (STZ)‐damaged mouse pancreas. Treatment with magainin‐AM2 and GH ameliorated the effects of STZ on fasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance test values, and also resulted in a significant increase in total cell counts (α and β) and the number of insulin+ and glucagon+ cells per islet and a decrease in the number of T and B cells. In addition, we observed a 1.43‐ and 2.21‐fold increase in expression of paired box 4, one of the main factors for α to β‐like cell conversion, in normal‐ and diabetes‐treated mice, respectively. Similarly, expression of P‐S6 and extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1 and 2, required for cell proliferation/differentiation, increased by 3.27‐ and 2.19‐fold among the diabetes‐treated and control diabetic mice, respectively. Furthermore, in all experiments, amelioration of the effects of STZ were greatest upon Mag treatment followed by GH administration. The present in vivo data provide evidence in support of the possibility of pharmaceutical induction of α cell production and their trans‐differentiation to functional β‐like cells.
Mitochondrial‐Targeted Delivery of Polyphenol‐Mediated Antioxidases Complexes against Pyroptosis and Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Zhang Jiaojiao , Gao Bingqiang , Ye Binglin , Sun Zhongquan , Qian Zhefeng , Yu Lisha , Bi Yanli , Ma Lie , Ding Yuan , Du Yang , Wang Weilin , Mao Zhengwei
Published: January 2023

Excess accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) is a key target for inhibiting pyroptosis‐induced inflammation and tissue damage. However, targeted delivery of drugs to mitochondria and efficient clearance of mtROS remain challenging. In current study, it is discovered that polyphenols such as tannic acid (TA) can mediate the targeting of polyphenol/antioxidases complexes to mitochondria. This affinity does not depend on mitochondrial membrane potential but stems from the strong binding of TA to mitochondrial outer membrane proteins. Taking advantage of the feasibility of self‐assembly between TA and proteins, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and TA are assembled into complexes (referred to as TSC) for efficient enzymatic activity maintenance. In vitro fluorescence confocal imaging shows that TSC not only promoted the uptake of biological enzymes in hepatocytes but also highly overlapped with mitochondria after lysosomal escape. The results from an in vitro model of hepatocyte oxidative stress demonstrate that TSC efficiently scavenges excess mtROS and reverses mitochondrial depolarization, thereby inhibiting inflammasome‐mediated pyroptosis. More interestingly, TSC maintain superior efficacy compared with the clinical gold standard drug N‐acetylcysteine in both acetaminophen‐ and D‐galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide‐induced pyroptosis‐related hepatitis mouse models. In conclusion, this study opens a new paradigm for targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress to inhibit pyroptosis and treat inflammatory diseases.
A Room‐Temperature Spin‐Valve with van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe5GeTe2/Graphene Heterostructure
Authors: Zhao Bing , Ngaloy Roselle , Ghosh Sukanya , Ershadrad Soheil , Gupta Rahul , Ali Khadiza , Hoque Anamul Md. , Karpiak Bogdan , Khokhriakov Dmitrii , Polley Craig , Thiagarajan Balasubramanian , Kalaboukhov Alexei , Svedlindh Peter , Sanyal Biplab , Dash Saroj P.
Published: January 2023

The discovery of van der Waals (vdW) magnets opened a new paradigm for condensed matter physics and spintronic technologies. However, the operations of active spintronic devices with vdW ferromagnets are limited to cryogenic temperatures, inhibiting their broader practical applications. Here, the robust room‐temperature operation of lateral spin‐valve devices using the vdW itinerant ferromagnet Fe5GeTe2 in heterostructures with graphene is demonstrated. The room‐temperature spintronic properties of Fe5GeTe2 are measured at the interface with graphene with a negative spin polarization. Lateral spin‐valve and spin‐precession measurements provide unique insights by probing the Fe5GeTe2/graphene interface spintronic properties via spin‐dynamics measurements, revealing multidirectional spin polarization. Density functional theory calculations in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulations reveal significantly canted Fe magnetic moments in Fe5GeTe2 along with the presence of negative spin polarization at the Fe5GeTe2/graphene interface. These findings open opportunities for vdW interface design and applications of vdW‐magnet‐based spintronic devices at ambient temperatures.
Biomaterial‐Based In Situ Cancer Vaccines
Authors: Bo Yang , Wang Hua
Published: January 2023

Cancer immunotherapies have reshaped the paradigm for cancer treatment over the past decade. Among them, therapeutic cancer vaccines that aim to modulate antigen‐presenting cells and subsequent T cell priming processes are among the first FDA‐approved cancer immunotherapies. However, despite showing benign safety profiles and the capability to generate antigen‐specific humoral and cellular responses, cancer vaccines have been limited by the modest therapeutic efficacy, especially for immunologically cold solid tumors. One key challenge lies in the identification of tumor‐specific antigens, which involves a costly and lengthy process of tumor cell isolation, DNA/RNA extraction, sequencing, mutation analysis, epitope prediction, peptide synthesis, and antigen screening. To address these issues, in situ cancer vaccines have been actively pursued to generate endogenous antigens directly from tumors and utilize the generated tumor antigens to elicit potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. Biomaterials‐based in situ cancer vaccines, in particular, have achieved significant progress by taking advantage of biomaterials that can synergize antigens and adjuvants, troubleshoot delivery issues, home, and manipulate immune cells in situ. This review will provide an overview of biomaterials‐based in situ cancer vaccines, either living or artificial materials, under development or in the clinic, and discuss the design criteria for in situ cancer vaccines.
Reaction Mechanisms and Kinetics of Nanozymes: Insights from Theory and Computation
Authors: Shen Xiaomei , Wang Zhenzhen , Gao Xuejiao J. , Gao Xingfa
Published: January 2023

“Nanozymes” usually refers to inorganic nanomaterials with enzyme‐like catalytic activities. The research into nanozymes is one of the hot topics on the horizon of interdisciplinary science involving materials, chemistry, and biology. Although great progress has been made in the design, synthesis, characterization, and application of nanozymes, the study of the underlying microscopic mechanisms and kinetics is still not straightforward. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations compute the potential energy surfaces along the reaction coordinates for chemical reactions, which can give atomistic‐level insights into the micro‐mechanisms and kinetics for nanozymes. Therefore, DFT calculations have been playing an increasingly important role in exploring the mechanisms and kinetics for nanozymes in the past years. The calculations either predict the microscopic details for the catalytic processes to complement the experiments or further develop theoretical models to depict the physicochemical rules. In this review, the corresponding research progress is summarized. Particularly, the review focuses on the computational studies that closely interplay with the experiments. The relevant experimental results without DFT calculations will be also briefly discussed to offer a historic overview of how the computations promote the understanding of the microscopic mechanisms and kinetics of nanozymes.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Enabled by Fluorescent Nanodiamond Boronic Hydrogel
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zheng Yongjun , Lee Jimmy , Hoover Alex , King Sarah Ann , Chen Lifeng , Zhao Jing , Lin Qiuning , Yu Cunjiang , Zhu Linyong , Wu Xiaoyang
Published: January 2023

Continuous monitoring of glucose allows diabetic patients to better maintain blood glucose level by altering insulin dosage or diet according to prevailing glucose values and thus to prevent potential hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. However, current continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) relies mostly on enzyme electrodes or micro‐dialysis probes, which suffer from insufficient stability, susceptibility to corrosion of electrodes, weak or inconsistent correlation, and inevitable interference. A fluorescence‐based glucose sensor in the skin will likely be more stable, have improved sensitivity, and can resolve the issues of electrochemical interference from the tissue. This study develops a fluorescent nanodiamond boronic hydrogel system in porous microneedles for CGM. Fluorescent nanodiamond is one of the most photostable fluorophores with superior biocompatibility. When surface functionalized, the fluorescent nanodiamond can integrate with boronic polymer and form a hydrogel, which can produce fluorescent signals in response to environmental glucose concentration. In this proof‐of‐concept study, the strategy for building a miniatured device with fluorescent nanodiamond hydrogel is developed. The device demonstrates remarkable long‐term photo and signal stability in vivo with both small and large animal models. This study presents a new strategy of fluorescence based CGM toward treatment and control of diabetes.
Multifunctional Integrated Nanozymes Facilitate Spinal Cord Regeneration by Remodeling the Extrinsic Neural Environment
Authors: Xiong Tiandi , Yang Keni , Zhao Tongtong , Zhao Haitao , Gao Xu , You Zhifeng , Fan Caixia , Kang Xinyi , Yang Wen , Zhuang Yan , Chen Yanyan , Dai Jianwu
Published: January 2023

High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation create a complicated extrinsic neural environment that dominates the initial post‐injury period after spinal cord injury (SCI). The compensatory pathways between ROS and inflammation limited the efficacy of modulating the above single treatment regimen after SCI. Here, novel “nanoflower” Mn3O4 integrated with “pollen” IRF‐5SiRNA was designed as a combination antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory treatment after SCI. The “nanoflower” and “pollen” structure was encapsulated with a neutrophil membrane for protective and targeted delivery. Furthermore, valence‐engineered nanozyme Mn3O4 imitated the cascade response of antioxidant enzymes with a higher substrate affinity compared to natural antioxidant enzymes. Nanozymes effectively catalyzed ROS to generate O2, which is advantageous for reducing oxidative stress and promoting angiogenesis. The screened “pollen” IRF‐5SiRNA could reverse the inflammatory phenotype by reducing interferon regulatory factors‐5 (IRF‐5) expression (protein level: 73.08% and mRNA level: 63.10%). The decreased expression of pro‐inflammatory factors reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells, resulting in less neural scarring. In SCI rats, multifunctional nanozymes enhanced the proliferation of various neuronal subtypes (motor neurons, interneurons, and sensory neurons) and the recovery of locomotor function, demonstrating that the remodeling of the extrinsic neural environment is a promising strategy to facilitate nerve regeneration.
Bi2S3‐Cu3BiS3 Mixed Phase Interlayer for High‐Performance Cu3BiS3‐Photocathode for 2.33% Unassisted Solar Water Splitting Efficiency
Authors: Moon Subin , Park Jaemin , Lee Hyungsoo , Yang Jin Wook , Yun Juwon , Park Young Sun , Lee Jeongyoub , Im Hayoung , Jang Ho Won , Yang Wooseok , Moon Jooho
Published: January 2023

To realize practical solar hydrogen production, a low‐cost photocathode with high photocurrent density and onset potential should be developed. Herein, an efficient and stable overall photoelectrochemical tandem cell is developed with a Cu3BiS3‐based photocathode. By exploiting the crystallographic similarities between Bi2S3 and Cu3BiS3, a one‐step solution process with two sulfur sources is used to prepare the Bi2S3–Cu3BiS3 blended interlayer. The elongated Bi2S3‐Cu3BiS3 mixed‐phase 1D nanorods atop a planar Cu3BiS3 film enable a high photocurrent density of 7.8 mA cm−2 at 0 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, with an onset potential of 0.9 VRHE. The increased performance over the single‐phase Cu3BiS3 thin‐film photocathode is attributed to the enhanced light scattering and charge collection through the unique 1D nanostructure, improved electrical conductivity, and better band alignment with the n‐type CdS layer. A solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency of 2.33% is achieved under unassisted conditions with a state‐of‐the‐art Mo:BiVO4 photoanode, with excellent stability exceeding 21 h.
Single‐Atom Metallophilic Sites for Liquid NaK Alloy Confinement toward Stable Alkali‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Cui Junya , Jin Bowen , Xu Annan , Li Jiale , Shao Mingfei
Published: January 2023

Room temperature liquid NaK alloy is a promising candidate for high performance metal batteries, due to its dendrite‐free property and high energy density. However, its practical application is hindered by the high surface tension of liquid NaK, which causes difficulties in maintaining a stable contact with a current collector. Here, the authors demonstrate the extraordinary stable confinement of NaK alloy at room temperature by constructing a super‐wetting substrate, which is based on highly dispersed cobalt‐single‐atom carbon nanoarrays. The developed liquid anode electrode prevented successfully the leakage of NaK alloy even in harsh stress (>5 MPa) or sharp shock conditions. The symmetric cells achieved ultra‐long reversible plating/stripping cycling life in both Na‐ion (>1010 hrs) and K‐ion electrolytes (>4000 hrs) at 10 mA cm−2/10 mAh cm−2. Upon fitting with Na3V2(PO4)3, the NaK assembled full battery provided high energy density (332.6 kWh kg−1) and power density (11.05 kW kg−1) with excellent stability after >21600 cycles, which is the best value reported so far. The prepared pouch cell was able to drive a four‐axis aircraft, demonstrating a great prospect in practical application. This work offers a new approach in the preparation of advanced dendrite‐free liquid metal anodes with promising applications in electrochemical energy storage.
The economics of property rights in digital farming data: Implications for farmland markets
Authors: DeLay Nathan D. , Boehlje Michael D. , Ferrell Shannon
Published: January 2023

The emergence of precision farming technologies has increased the amount and detail of farming data collected by producers. Data increases farm profitability by complementing digitally connected equipment and improving on‐farm decision making. The value generated by farm data may be capitalized into the underlying farmland asset, potentially raising sale and rental prices. However, the absence of clear property rights over farmland and farm operating practice data limits the ability to capture this value. We explore the issue of farm data through a property rights and transaction costs lens, and propose a conceptual framework of farm data valuation to identify conditions under which landowners and tenant‐operators can engage in mutually beneficial negotiation over farm data. We conclude that establishing property rights to farm data within the farmland lease can facilitate welfare‐improving exchange, allowing farm data records to be allocated to their highest valued use.
Froth stability and entrainment evaluation of a novel frother for KCl/NaCl flotation
Authors: Wang Linjian , Xu Yanxia , Song Xingfu
Published: January 2023

The rate of KCl recovery by froth flotation using low‐grade carnallite is 70%–85%. Herein, a novel frother, dipropylene glycol butyl ether (DPNB), was prepared to increase the flotation efficiency of KCl recovery systems. DPNB could be applied at only half the dosage of the conventional frother methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) and achieve a KCl recovery rate of 94.8%–98.6% with a high KCl grade (63.2%–66.5%). To date, these results are the best reported for pneumatic flotation. DPNB had a 10% higher maximum dynamic stability factor compared with MIBC; moreover, the apparent entrainment velocity of DPNB was half that of MIBC. The molecular structure of DPNB had hydroxyl and ether groups, which promoted interactions with water, thereby contributing to its excellent froth stability. DPNB is environment friendly owing to its low volatility and, thus, a promising frother for the green and highly efficient flotation of KCl/NaCl.
Process model structures for transverse direction gauge control of tentered polymeric film
Authors: Lightfoot Edwin J.
Published: January 2023

One of the most successful applications of multiple input multiple output control is the control of thickness in sheet forming processes including paper making and plastic film casting. While there are many similarities between film manufacture and other sheet forming processes, the physics differs from process to process. The choice of both process model and optimal control algorithm must reflect these differences. Here we consider how the basic physics of film manufacture a reflected in two classes of process models: phenomenological (interaction) models used in conventional gauge control algorithms and mechanistic models based on engineering science. Mechanistic models are more mathematically robust than purely statistical phenomenological models for some aspects of gauge control and may prove advantageous for other sheet forming applications.
One‐step purification of ethylene from acetylene and carbon dioxide by ultramicroporous carbons
Authors: Zhao Zhiwei , Liu Yueyue , Liu Xing , Liu Yuan , Chen Jingwen , Chen Shixia , Deng Shuguang , Wang Jun
Published: January 2023

The one‐step adsorptive separation of high‐purity ethylene (C2H4) from a ternary gas mixture (C2H2/C2H4/CO2) is challenging and has not been reported on porous carbons. Herein, we report camphor seeds husk‐derived ultramicroporous carbons (CSHs) show high affinities toward acetylene (C2H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) over C2H4. The optimized CSH‐2‐700 with high heteroatom contents and centered pore size distributions shows high C2H2 adsorption capacity (2.24 mmol g−1) and record ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) C2H2/C2H4 selectivity (10.2) among one‐step C2H4 purification adsorbents. Meanwhile, CSH carbons are the only carbon adsorbents that preferentially adsorb CO2 over C2H4, with a CO2/C2H4 selectivity of 1.9 under ambient conditions. Furthermore, dynamic breakthrough experiments verified its feasibility for one‐step C2H4 purification from a three‐component C2H2/C2H4/CO2 gas‐mixture.
Advanced 3D and 4D microstructure study of single granule formation for pharmaceutical powders using synchrotron x‐ray imaging
Authors: Zeinali Danalou Sima , Blocka Carter , Yang Jingsi , Zhu Ning , Emady Heather N. , Wasan Ellen , Zhang Lifeng
Published: January 2023

Monitoring the microstructure of the granule in the wet granulation process could play a decisive role in obtaining high‐quality granules. Due to the complex, fast and opaque nature of wet granulation, it cannot be captured by conventional methods. In this study, synchrotron x‐ray imaging was employed for the first time to investigate the internal real‐time pore evolution during the granule formation process, based on the single droplet impact method. It was found that granules from coarser and more homogenous powders experienced a higher rate of pore evolution during nucleation with a more uniform pore distribution. Dynamic wetting studies showed the granule formation mechanisms, the crater mechanism was found for most binary mixtures with 50 wt. % excipients. According to the physical tests, the granules with lower porosity and finer pores exhibited higher hardness and a slower dissolution rate.
Optimal combinations of CSF biomarkers for predicting cognitive decline and clinical conversion in cognitively unimpaired participants and mild cognitive impairment patients: A multi‐cohort study
Authors: Salvadó Gemma , Larsson Victoria , Cody Karly A , Cullen Nicholas C , Jonaitis Erin M , Stomrud Erik , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Wild Norbert , Palmqvist Sebastian , Janelidze Shorena , Mattsson‐Carlgren Niklas , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Johnson Sterling C , Ossenkoppele Rik , Hansson Oskar
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION

Our objective was determining the optimal combinations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for predicting disease progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases.

METHODS

We included 1,983 participants from three different cohorts with longitudinal cognitive and clinical data, and baseline CSF levels of Aβ42, Aβ40, phosphorylated tau at threonine‐181 (p‐tau), neurofilament light (NfL), neurogranin, α‐synuclein, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), YKL‐40, S100b, and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) (Elecsys NeuroToolKit).

RESULTS

Change of modified Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (mPACC) in cognitively unimpaired (CU) was best predicted by p‐tau/Aβ42 alone (R2 ≥ 0.31) or together with NfL (R2 = 0.25), while p‐tau/Aβ42 (R2 ≥ 0.19) was sufficient to accurately predict change of the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. P‐tau/Aβ42 (AUC ≥ 0.87) and p‐tau/Aβ42 together with NfL (AUC ≥ 0.75) were the best predictors of conversion to AD and all‐cause dementia, respectively.

DISCUSSION

P‐tau/Aβ42 is sufficient for predicting progression in AD, with very high accuracy. Adding NfL improves the prediction of all‐cause dementia conversion and cognitive decline.
Preparation of Z‐type heterojunction SiCf/g‐C3N4 composites with enhanced photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline under visible light
Authors: Guo Huahua , Gao Shengwang , Chai Xu , Shi Yilin , Gao Jianfeng
Published: January 2023

Novel visible light‐driven silicon carbide‐based composites were prepared via in situ deposition of g‐C3N4 on fibrous SiC. The X‐ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer characterization showed that a Z‐type heterojunction was formed. According to the UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and (αhv)1/2 versus hv plots, it was demonstrated that the addition of g‐C3N4 extended the light absorption of the sample in visible light, narrowing its band gap. The EIS plots and PL spectra showed an increase in the efficiency of the charge carriers' mobility of the sample and a decrease in the recombination of its photogenerated electron–hole pairs. The photocatalytic degradation experiments showed that using a 0.03‐g·L−1 suspension concentration and a pollutant concentration of 10 mg·L−1, the degradation rate under visible light irradiation was 100 and 3.6 times higher than that of bare SiCf and g‐C3N4, respectively. The possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed based on reactive species capture experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance showing that ·O2− and e− were the active entities.
Synthesis of bio‐polyurethanes with isosorbide and propanediol based poly(lactic acid) diol
Authors: dos Santos Silva Ingridy Dayane , Albuquerque Ananda , Boskamp Laura , Ries Andreas , Haag Katharina , Koschek Katharina , Wellen Renate
Published: January 2023

Synthesis of bio‐polyurethane (Bio‐PU) using isosorbide (ISO) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) diols, (propanediol based poly(lactic acid) (PLAP) and PLA esterified with Soybean oil (PLASO)) and pentamethylene (PDI) isocyanate were performed. Crosslinked Bio‐PUs were obtained, and the details of the curing kinetics were determined via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Distinct curing behaviors between Bio‐PUs with different PLA diol formulations were observed. The addition of PLAP and PLASO increased the curing conversion at approximately 460% higher than Bio‐PU without PLA content, as verified by FTIR. The curing peak temperature (Tp) of Bio‐PUs with PLAP ranged from 94 to 163°C, while for PLASO Tp was 132–175°C. Bio‐PUs based on PLA diols displayed lower activation energy (Ea) during curing as demonstrated using Friedman model, and higher thermal stability as evidenced through thermogravimetric analyses. Reported data offer reliable tools to evaluate the best rote to synthesize biobased polyurethane and manipulate the degree of crosslinking based on composition and processing conditions, allowing product processing to the desired application.
Optimization of scuba diving activities in a Mediterranean marine protected area based on benthic vulnerability assessment
Authors: Betti Federico , Enrichetti Francesco , Garetto Claudia , Merotto Lorenzo , Cappanera Valentina , Venturini Sara , Bavestrello Giorgio
Published: January 2023

Scuba diving has become an increasingly popular recreational activity, involving approximately 6 million active divers worldwide.

The high frequency of diving can impact the benthic communities of marine protected areas (MPAs), possibly jeopardizing the beneficial effects of protection.

The Portofino MPA, in the Ligurian Sea, is one of the main scuba diving destinations in Europe, with up to 40,000 dives per year concentrated along 6.5 km of coast.

The vulnerability of megabenthic (i.e. animals larger than 5 cm) communities to scuba diving impacts was evaluated at four different depths at all MPA diving spots with close attention to the fragility of all observed species, their frequency in the transects and the inclination and type of substrates.

The most vulnerable spots lie below 30‐m depth and are characterized by complex coralligenous biocoenoses rich in erect, fragile carbonatic species.

The results allowed scuba diving management within the MPA to be optimized. Two main responses have already been put in place: (i) the promotion of a mandatory course for ‘Underwater Environmental Supervisors’ directed at local divemasters, instructors and owners of diving centres; and (ii) the proposal for the application of conservation measures to scuba diving activities.