bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thoracic spinal epidural hematoma misdiagnosed as conversion paralysis: A case report
Authors: Morimoto Tadatsugu , Hirata Hirohito , Nikaido Takuya , Taniguchi Kenichiro , Yoshihara Tomohito , Kobayashi Takaomi , Tsukamoto Masatsugu , Mawatari Masaaki
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical Message

A woman with a history of psychiatric hospitalization was misdiagnosed with conversion paralysis despite lower extremity paralysis due to a thoracic epidural hematoma, leaving her with severe neurological deficits. Conversion paralysis is a diagnosis of exclusion and should never be made unless all possible organic causes have been ruled out.
An unusual case of Zieve's syndrome in a 36‐year‐old male with latent autoimmune diabetes of adult and disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Zalavadiya Rushit , Bhatt Jugal Hiren , Nagori Irfan , Kagathara Nency , Neupane Srijana
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical Message

Zieve's syndrome, associated with chronic alcoholism, manifests as hemolytic anemia, transient hyperlipidemia, and cholestatic jaundice. Key symptoms comprise nausea, abdominal pain, and jaundice. Diagnosis relies on recognizing the triad in those with an alcohol use history. Supportive management includes blood transfusions and alcohol cessation. The exact pathophysiology remains uncertain, with hypotheses ranging from alcohol‐induced liver damage to autoimmune processes. The report emphasizes diagnostic complexities, particularly when concurrent with autoimmune disorders such as latent autoimmune diabetes of adults or complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). A 36‐year‐old male with latent autoimmune diabetes of adults and an 18‐year history of chronic alcoholism presented with yellowish skin discoloration, abdominal pain, and distension. Physical examination revealed signs of anemia, jaundice, pedal edema, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and abdominal tenderness. Over eight admissions, multiple tests revealed severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated bilirubin, and positive autoantibodies. Treatment for suspected autoimmune hepatitis showed no improvement. Subsequent examinations indicated DIC, altered liver function, and cirrhosis progression. A confirmed diagnosis of Zieve's syndrome was made. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done to check for esophageal varices which were banded. The patient was subsequently managed on supportive treatment with multiple blood transfusions and abstinence from alcohol. Prompt recognition of Zieve's syndrome is crucial to avoid unnecessary interventions. Alcohol cessation is the keystone of treatment, emphasizing the need to raise awareness among practitioners. This case points toward the importance of comprehensive evaluation, serial investigations, and multidisciplinary collaboration for accurate diagnosis and management. Further research is needed to enhance understanding and optimize therapeutic strategies.
An unusual presentation of metastatic prostate cancer in a 44‐year‐old man: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Taheri Homa , Ebrahimi Pouya , Nazari Pedram , Kefayat Amirhosein , Mahdavian Abbas
Published: January 2024

Prostate cancer is one of the two most common non‐cutaneous cancers in men. Its presentation might be with unusual symptoms and cause the wrong initial diagnosis. This case report discusses a rare neurologic manifestation of advanced metastatic cancer in a low‐risk man. He had been receiving treatment for multiple sclerosis incorrectly due to unusual manifestations such as claudication and pelvic, leg, and shoulder pain. The patient underwent a whole‐body bone scan and then a transrectal ultrasound‐guided biopsy, which confirmed metastatic prostate cancer with a Gleason score between 7/10 and 10/10 in all samples. Following treatment with chemotherapeutic injections (docetaxel), luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH) analogous (Zoladex), and testosterone‐suppressing tablets (abiraterone), the disease has been under control and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level has decreased significantly. The most common sites of metastasis are regional lymph nodes, bones, and lungs. However, there are reports about the spread of this type of cancer to other parts of the body. Although most patients are diagnosed when the tumor is localized to the prostate, in about 25% of patients, the disease is diagnosed when metastasis has occurred. Some markers can assist physicians in the diagnosis of this disease, such as the Prostate Health Index and the 4 K score.

Key Clinical Message

The diagnosis of prostate cancer should be considered in all age ranges of adult men. The long‐distance metastasis might cause unusual presentations of the disease, such as neurologic, musculoskeletal, and dermatologic symptoms and signs far from the origin of the cancer, before genitourinary manifestations. It is crucial to keep the diagnosis of prostate cancer in mind for men with suggestive signs and symptoms that are not usually detected in this disease.
Influence of Precipitation Conditions on Properties of Ceria and their Implications on the Mars‐van‐Krevelen Active Surface Area
Authors: Florenski Jan S. , Schellander Noah , Klemm Elias
Published: January 2024

Quantifying the active surface area of Mars‐van‐Krevelen catalysts is paramount for the elucidation of structure‐property relationships and the knowledge‐based catalyst development. Different cerium oxides were prepared via precipitation‐based techniques. By altering conditions during precipitation, materials with a wide span of material properties were prepared. The influence of temperature during ammonia‐based precipitation was investigated. When using Ce(IV) precursors an increase in precipitation temperature decreases the crystallite size while increasing specific surface area, attributed to an increase in nucleation rate. Sintering stability is also increased for materials precipitated at higher temperature. Measuring the total oxygen storage capacity (TOSC) values of the prepared materials showed that the TOSC is not strictly a function of BET surface area. Our results suggest that crystallites with a domain size under a certain threshold are not reduced via oxygen release but rather hydroxyl formation. A method was proposed with which the redox active surface area for polycrystalline ceria can be estimated on basis of the domain size obtained from Rietveld refinement. These findings were corroborated by CO oxidation light‐off experiments in which the light‐off temperature was found to correlate with the surface that can release oxygen reversibly, the Mars‐van‐Krevelen active surface area, rather than BET surface area.
Luminescent Supramolecular Ionic Frameworks based on Organic Fluorescent Polycations and Polyanionic Phosphorescent Metal Clusters
Authors: Kashnik Ilya V. , Yang Binying , Yarovoi Spartak S. , Sukhikh Taisiya S. , Cordier Marie , Taupier Grégory , Brylev Konstantin A. , Bouit Pierre‐Antoine , Molard Yann
Published: January 2024

Emissive ionic supramolecular frameworks are designed by associating tetraphenylethylene‐based tetra‐cationic units and di‐anionic molybdenum or tetra‐anionic rhenium octahedral clusters. Obtained structures were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The emission properties of the hybrids were investigated as dry powders or in various solvents by one photon and two photon absorption leading to a O2 concentration dependent luminescence color for the Mo based hybrid.
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Quizartinib Combination Therapy With Standard Induction and Consolidation Chemotherapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Results from Two Phase 1 Trials in Japan and China
Authors: Qi Junyuan , Choi Ilseung , Ota Shuichi , Ichikawa Satoshi , Fujishima Naohito , Iida Hiroatsu , Sugiura Isamu , Sugiura Koichi , Murata Yasuharu , Inoue Hiroyuki , Ohwada Shoichi , Wang Jianxiang
Published: January 2024

Quizartinib is a potent, oral, second‐generation, selective type II FMS‐like receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) inhibitor. It has shown improved overall survival in a randomized, multinational, Phase 3 (QuANTUM‐First) study in patients with FLT3‐internal tandem duplication (ITD)‐positive newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. We conducted 2 Phase 1b studies in Japan and China to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of quizartinib in combination with standard induction and consolidation chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Quizartinib was started at a dose level of 20 mg/day and then escalated to 40 mg/day, the dose used in the Phase 3 study. Seven patients were enrolled according to the 3 + 3 dose‐escalation method in each study, including 3 patients who were FLT3‐ITD positive. No dose‐limiting toxicities were observed at dose levels up to 40 mg/day in both studies. Grade 3 or higher, quizartinib‐related, treatment‐emergent adverse events included febrile neutropenia, hematologic toxicities, and infections. QT prolongation on electrocardiogram was observed in 5 patients. The pharmacokinetics of quizartinib and its metabolite AC886 were similar between the studies and consistent with previous findings in the United States. We confirmed the tolerability of Japanese and Chinese patients to the dose of quizartinib and chemotherapy regimens used in the QuANTUM‐First study.
Concentration‐QTcF Modeling of Icenticaftor from a Randomized, Placebo‐ and Positive‐Controlled Thorough QT Study in Healthy Participants
Authors: Iyer Ganesh R. , Darpo Borje , Xue Hongqi , Lecot Jean , Zack Julia , Bebrevska Lidiya , Weis Wendy , Jones Ieuan , Drollmann Anton
Published: January 2024

Icenticaftor (QBW251) is a potentiator of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor. Based on its mechanism of action, icenticaftor is expected to provide benefits in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by restoring mucociliary clearance, which would eventually lead to a reduction of bacterial colonization and related inflammatory cascade. A placebo‐ and positive‐controlled, 4‐way crossover thorough QT study was conducted in 46 healthy participants with the objective to assess the effect of therapeutic (300 mg twice daily for 6 days) and supratherapeutic (750 mg twice daily for 6 days) oral doses of icenticaftor on electrocardiogram parameters, including concentration‐corrected QT (QTc) analysis. Moxifloxacin (400 mg, oral) was used as a positive control. In the concentration‐QTc analysis performed on pooled data from Day 1 and Day 6 (steady state), the estimated population slope was shallow and slightly negative: –0.0012 ms/ng/mL. The effect on the Fridericia corrected QT (QTcF) interval (∆ΔQTcF) was predicted to be −1.3 milliseconds at the icenticaftor 300‐mg twice‐daily peak concentration (geometric mean was 1094 ng/mL) and −5.5 milliseconds at the 750‐mg twice‐daily peak concentration (geometric mean Cmax was 4529 ng/mL) indicated a mild shortening effect of icenticaftor on QTcF interval length. The results of the by‐time‐point analysis indicated least squares placebo corrected mean ∆∆QTcF across time points ranged from –7.9 to 0.1 milliseconds at 1 and 24 hours after dosing both on Day 6 in the 750‐mg dose group compared with –3.7 to 1.6 milliseconds at 1.5 and 24 hours after dosing on Day 1 in the 300‐mg dose group. Assay sensitivity was demonstrated with moxifloxacin. The large accumulation of exposures, especially the 4.3‐fold increase in peak plasma concentration observed at the icenticaftor 750‐mg twice‐daily dosage compared with Icenticaftor 300 mg twice daily (2.3‐fold) on Day 6 provided a large concentration range (up to 9540 ng/mL) to evaluate the effect of icenticaftor on ΔΔQTcF. Based on the concentration–QTc analysis, an effect on ΔΔQTcF exceeding 10 milliseconds can be excluded within the full observed ranges of plasma concentrations on icenticaftor, up to approximately 9540 ng/mL. Icenticaftor at the studied doses demonstrated a mild shortening in QTcF, which is unlikely to be of clinical relevance in a therapeutic setting.
MF‐DLB: Multimetric forwarding and directed acyclic graph‐based load balancing for geographic routing in FANETs
Authors: Singh Vikramjit , Sharma Krishna Pal , Verma Harsh Kumar
Published: January 2024

Flying ad hoc network (FANET) comprising unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) emerges as a promising solution for numerous military and civil applications. Transferring data collected from the environment to the ground station (GS) is a primary concern for meeting the communication demands of most of these applications. However, the highly mobile UAVs with limited communication range, resulting in frequent topology change and intermittent connectivity, make data routing challenging. In such scenarios, geographic routing is a viable solution due to its scalability and robustness. However, the basic forwarding mechanism of geographic routing favors the neighboring UAV nearest to the destination, impacted substantially by link failures and routing holes in a dynamic environment. Additionally, routing decisions ignoring the current load over UAVs contribute to performance degradation due to the high concentration of data traffic near the GS. Thus, to address these issues, a geographic routing protocol named MF‐DLB comprising multimetric forwarding (MF) and a directed acyclic graph‐based load balancing (DLB) scheme is proposed to enhance packet forwarding in FANETs. MF takes account of multiple metrics related to connectivity, geographic progress, link lifetime, and residual energy to select the next hop with a stable communication link while effectively bypassing the routing holes. The second scheme, DLB, focuses on proactively maintaining routing paths near GS for load distribution among underutilized nodes to address the congestion problem. Simulations performed in network simulator ns‐3 confirm the outperformance of MF‐DLB over other related routing schemes in terms of different performance metrics.
Moderating role of internal factors in corporate social responsibility reporting persistence and corporate market value
Authors: Ellili Nejla Ould Daoud , Kuzey Cemil , Uyar Ali , Karaman Abdullah S.
Published: January 2024

The primary purpose of this study is to explore the internal drivers (i.e., board monitoring, financial slack, and shareholder‐orientedness) of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting persistence over the years and to test the value relevance of CSR reporting persistence. We also investigate whether internal factors moderate the relationship between CSR reporting persistence and corporate market value. The study draws on a sample of 52,948 observations between 2002 and 2021, and a country‐industry‐year fixed effect regression was executed. The results indicate that board monitoring, financial slack, and shareholder‐orientedness all predict CSR reporting persistence. We also find that CSR reporting persistence enhances corporate market value, and board monitoring, financial slack, and shareholder‐orientedness positively moderate the relationship between CSR reporting persistence and corporate market value. The findings are largely robust to the instrumental variable probit regression, entropy balancing, propensity score matching, alternative firm value proxy, alternative samples, and pre‐ and post‐European Union Directive 95/2014 periods.
Clinical impact of epithelial–mesenchymal transition for cancer therapy
Authors: Mukerjee Nobendu , Nag Sagnik , Bhattacharya Bikramjit , Alexiou Athanasios , Mirgh Divya , Mukherjee Dattatreya , Adhikari Manab Deb , Anand Krishnan , Muthusamy Raman , Gorai Sukhamoy , Thorat Nanasaheb
Published: January 2024

The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents a pivotal frontier in oncology, playing a central role in the metastatic cascade of cancer—a leading global health challenge. This comprehensive review delves into the complexities of EMT, a process where cancer cells gain exceptional mobility, facilitating their invasion into distant organs and the establishment of secondary malignancies. We thoroughly examine the myriad of factors influencing EMT, encompassing transcription factors, signalling pathways, metabolic alterations, microRNAs, long non‐coding RNAs, epigenetic changes, exosomal interactions and the intricate dynamics of the tumour microenvironment. Particularly, the review emphasises the advanced stages of EMT, crucial for the development of highly aggressive cancer phenotypes. During this phase, cancer cells penetrate the vascular barrier and exploit the bloodstream to propagate life‐threatening metastases through the mesenchymal–epithelial transition. We also explore EMT's significant role in fostering tumour dormancy, senescence, the emergence of cancer stem cells and the formidable challenge of therapeutic resistance. Our review transcends a mere inventory of EMT‐inducing elements; it critically assesses the current state of EMT‐focused clinical trials, revealing both the hurdles and significant breakthroughs. Highlighting the potential of EMT research, we project its transformative impact on the future of cancer therapy. This exploration is aimed at paving the way towards an era of effectively managing this relentless disease, positioning EMT at the forefront of innovative cancer research strategies.
Host–microbiota interaction during cancer progression from bulk to single‐cell level
Authors: Ma Yong‐Jing , Zhu Run‐Ze , Liu Ning‐Ning
Published: January 2024

Background

Cancer, a global threat to human health, refers to a large crowd of lethal diseases that can start in almost all tissues or organs of our body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably and beyond their usual boundaries, followed by invading adjacent normal tissues and spreading to distant organs. Recently, substantial evidence has demonstrated polymorphic microbiome as an emerging cancer characteristic present in a variety of tumour types. By releasing metabolites or other signalling molecules, microbiota can affect immune cell differentiation and activity, including both innate and adaptive immunological responses, as well as the growth and multiplication of cancer cells. It was now employed as a biomarker to predict the patients’ survival rate and the degree of cancer progression.

Main

To investigate the underlying mechanism and the technology development of how polymorphic microbiome influence the tumour microenvironment and subsequently cancer progression, we have carried out systematic literature review about polymorphic microbiome and tumour development from bulk to single‐cell level.

Conclusions

Here, we provide an overview of the current advancements of host–microbiota interactions during cancer progression from bulk to single‐cell level and discuss the challenges and opportunities in future, looking forward to ascertain the specific activity of different somatic cell types with or without the existence of various multi‐kingdom microbiota and their by‐products and supply a holistic and elaborate investigation of host‐microbiota interaction in the development of cancer.
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on mortality rate in memory clinic patients
Authors: Bakker Els D. , van Maurik Ingrid S. , Zwan Marissa D. , Gillissen Freek , van der Veere Pieter J. , Bouwman Femke H. , Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. , van der Flier Wiesje M.
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION

We investigated whether mortality in memory clinic patients changed due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.

METHODS

We included patients from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort: (1) n = 923 pandemic patients (baseline visit: 2017–2018, follow‐up: until 2021), and (2) n = 830 historical control patients (baseline visit: 2015–2016, follow‐up: until 2019). Groups were well‐balanced. We compared mortality during pandemic with historical control patients using Cox regression. Differences in cause of death between groups were explored using Fisher's exact test.

RESULTS

Pandemic patients had a higher risk of mortality than historical control patients (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval {CI}] = 1.34 [1.05–1.70]). Stratified for syndrome diagnosis, the effect remained significant in dementia patients (HR [95% CI] = 1.35 [1.03–1.78]). Excluding patients who died of COVID‐19‐infection, the higher mortality risk in pandemic patients attenuated (HR [95% CI] = 1.24 [0.97–1.58]). Only the difference in cause of death between pandemic patients and historical control patients for death to COVID‐19‐infection (p = 0.001) was observed.

CONCLUSION

Memory clinic patients had increased mortality risk during COVID‐19 compared to historical control patients, attributable to dementia patients.

Highlights

We investigated if mortality rates in memory clinic patients changed due to COVID‐19 pandemic.

We included patients along the cognitive continuum, including SCD, MCI, and dementia.

We used a well‐balanced historical control group.

Memory clinic patients had higher risk for mortality during COVID‐19 lockdown.

Our results indicate that excess mortality is mainly caused by death to COVID‐19 infection.
Midlife sensory and motor functions improve long‐term predictions of cognitive decline and incidence of cognitive impairment
Authors: Schubert Carla R. , Pinto A. Alex , Paulsen Adam J. , Chappell Richard J. , Chen Yanjun , Engelman Corinne D. , Ferrucci Luigi , Hancock Laura M. , Johnson Sterling C. , Merten Natascha
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION

We aimed to assess whether midlife sensory and motor functions improve risk prediction of 10‐year cognitive decline and impairment when added to risk prediction models using the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia Score (CAIDE) and Framingham Risk Score (FRS).

METHODS

Longitudinal data of N = 1529 (mean age 49 years; 54% women) Beaver Dam Offspring Study (BOSS) participants from baseline, 5 and 10‐year follow‐up were included. We tested whether including baseline sensory (hearing, vision, olfactory) impairment and motor function improves CAIDE or FRS risk predictions of 10‐year cognitive decline or cognitive impairment incidence using logistic regressions.

RESULTS

Adding sensory and motor measures to CAIDE‐only and FRS‐only models significantly improved areas under the curve for cognitive decline and impairment models.

DISCUSSION

Including midlife sensory and motor function improved risk predictions of long‐term cognitive decline and impairment in middle‐aged to older adults. Sensory and motor assessments could contribute to cost‐effective and non‐invasive screening tools that identify high‐risk individuals earlier to target intervention and prevention strategies.

Highlights

Sensory and motor measures improve risk prediction models of cognitive decline.

Sensory and motor measures improve risk prediction models of cognitive impairment.

Prediction improvements were strongest in midlife (adults < 55 years of age).

Sensory and motor changes may help identify high‐risk individuals early.
Examining the biological impacts of parent–child relationship dynamics on preschool‐aged children who have experienced adversity
Authors: Coe Jesse L. , Daniels Teresa , Huffhines Lindsay , Seifer Ronald , Marsit Carmen J. , Kao Hung‐Teh , Porton Barbara , Parade Stephanie H. , Tyrka Audrey R.
Published: January 2024

Parent–child relationship dynamics have been shown to predict socioemotional and behavioral outcomes for children, but little is known about how they may affect biological development. The aim of this study was to test if observational assessments of parent–child relationship dynamics (cohesion, enmeshment, and disengagement) were associated with three biological indices of early life adversity and downstream health risk: (1) methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1), (2) telomere attrition, and (3) mitochondrial biogenesis, indexed by mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) copy number (mtDNAcn), all of which were measured in children's saliva. We tested hypotheses using a sample of 254 preschool‐aged children (M age = 51.04 months) with and without child welfare‐substantiated maltreatment (52% with documented case of moderate‐severe maltreatment) who were racially and ethnically diverse (17% Black, 40% White, 23% biracial, and 20% other races; 45% Hispanic) and from primarily low‐income backgrounds (91% qualified for public assistance). Results of path analyses revealed that: (1) higher parent–child cohesion was associated with lower levels of methylation of NR3C1 exon 1D and longer telomeres, and (2) higher parent–child disengagement was associated with higher levels of methylation of NR3C1 exon 1D and shorter telomeres. Results suggest that parent–child relationship dynamics may have distinct biological effects on children.
A Novel Synthesis of Soluble, Stable Derivatives of the Perchlorinated Trityl Radical
Authors: Bushby Richard J.
Published: January 2024

A new approach to the synthesis of derivatives of the perchlorinated tritryl radical is described. It relies on the fact that, under the conditions required to fully chlorinate the ortho positions of a triarylmethane, there is only minimal substitution of aryl fluorine by chlorine and then on the fact that, in the mixed Cl/F substituted triarylmethanes obtained, it is possible to selectively substitute the fluorine‐bearing positions using the sodium salt of n‐hexanol in n‐hexanol/dimethylsulfoxide. The meta‐hexyloxy derivatives obtained are much more soluble and photostable than the parent perchlorotrityl radical. For example, the introduction of four meta‐hexyloxy substituents gives a radical where, under white light illumination, the lifetime is improved by a factor of almost 104. The photostability of the radical, the lifetime of the excited state and the fluorescence all decrease as the number of meta‐hexyloxy substituents is increased. The improvements in solubility and in photostability observed should help in creating a more diverse range of perchlorotrityl radical derivatives and in the development of new applications.
Stimulus‐responsive and task‐dependent activations in occipital regions during pitch perception by early blind listeners
Authors: Pang Wengbin , Xia Zhichao , Zhang Linjun , Shu Hua , Zhang Yang , Zhang Yumei
Published: January 2024

Although it has been established that cross‐modal activations occur in the occipital cortex during auditory processing among congenitally and early blind listeners, it remains uncertain whether these activations in various occipital regions reflect sensory analysis of specific sound properties, non‐perceptual cognitive operations associated with active tasks, or the interplay between sensory analysis and cognitive operations. This fMRI study aimed to investigate cross‐modal responses in occipital regions, specifically V5/MT and V1, during passive and active pitch perception by early blind individuals compared to sighted individuals. The data showed that V5/MT was responsive to pitch during passive perception, and its activations increased with task complexity. By contrast, widespread occipital regions, including V1, were only recruited during two active perception tasks, and their activations were also modulated by task complexity. These fMRI results from blind individuals suggest that while V5/MT activations are both stimulus‐responsive and task‐modulated, activations in other occipital regions, including V1, are dependent on the task, indicating similarities and differences between various visual areas during auditory processing.
Effectiveness and risk of second primary malignancies after radiotherapy in major salivary gland carcinomas: A retrospective study using SEER database
Authors: Feng Yuan , Qian Kai , Guo Kai , Shi Yuan , Zhou Jiaqing , Wang Zhuoying
Published: January 2024

Objective

To investigate the effectiveness of radiotherapy and its association with second primary malignancies (SPMs) risk in major salivary gland carcinomas (MSGCs) patients.

Methods

Cohort 1 included 7274 surgically treated MSGC patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, assessing the effectiveness of radiotherapy. Cohort 2 (n = 4213) comprised patients with ≥5‐year survival in Cohort 1 to study SPMs.

Results

Radiotherapy decreased overall survival in MSGCs patients, but improved it in high‐grade MSGCs. Cumulative SPMs incidences at 25 years were 16.5% in the radiotherapy (RT) group compared to 14.5% in the non‐radiotherapy (NRT) group. For second head and neck carcinomas (SHNCs), incidences were 3.4% in RT versus 1.6% in NRT. Radiotherapy increased the relative risks of tumors, particularly SHNCs (RR = 1.78). The 10‐year OS rates of SHNCs after radiotherapy were significantly lower.

Conclusion

Radiotherapy improves survival in advanced‐stage MSGCs but increases the risk of developing SPMs, particularly SHNCs.
Can mid‐level providers manage medical abortion after 12 weeks' gestation as safely and effectively as physicians? A non‐inferiority, randomized controlled trial in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Kapp Nathalie , Dijkerman Sally , Getachew Abrham , Eckersberger Elisabeth , Pearson Erin , Abubeker Ferid A. , Birara Malede
Published: January 2024

Objective

To determine whether clinical outcomes among clients undergoing medical abortion after 12 weeks' gestation differ by provider cadre.

Methods

Randomized controlled trial conducted among eligible clients seeking abortion between 13 and 20 weeks' gestation. Participants seeking in‐facility abortion were randomized to receive care from a mid‐level provider (nurse/midwife) or physician. The primary outcome was median time to expulsion with non‐inferiority margin of −1.5 h between provider groups. Quantile median regression models assessed non‐inferiority. Secondary outcomes included retained placenta, complications, and patient acceptability.

Results

After randomization and eligibility assessment by the provider, 171 women participated in the study: 81 in the physician group and 90 in the mid‐level provider group. Their average age was 24 years, the mean gestational age was 16 weeks, and 65% were nulliparous in both groups. The median time to expulsion did not differ significantly, being 8.1 h for the mid‐level group and 6.6 h for the physician group. The adjusted median difference was 0.8 h (95% confidence interval [CI] –1.15 to 2.66), within the non‐inferiority margin. Retained placenta occurred similarly: 30.0% (n = 24) of the physician group and 20.5% (n = 18) of the mid‐level provider group (adjusted risk difference [ARD] 7.6%, 95% CI –2.81 to 18.06). Complications occurred in 7% of cases, including 5.0% (n = 4) of patients in the physician group and 8.9% (n = 8) in the mid‐level provider group (ARD –4.7%, 95% CI –12.43 to 3.12). Patient acceptability did not differ by group.

Conclusions

Training mid‐level providers to provide abortion services after 12 weeks' gestation independently of physicians is feasible and may result in comparable clinical outcomes.
Characterization of aTiO2 surfaces functionalized with CAP‐p15 peptide
Authors: Ureiro‐Cueto Guadalupe , Rodil Sandra E. , Santana‐Vázquez Maricela , Hoz‐Rodriguez Lia , Arzate Higinio , Montoya‐Ayala Gonzalo
Published: January 2024

Functionalization of Titanium implants using adequate organic molecules is a proposed method to accelerate the osteointegration process, which relates to topographical, chemical, mechanical, and physical features. This study aimed to assess the potential of a peptide derived from cementum attachment protein (CAP‐p15) adsorbed onto aTiO2 surfaces to promote the deposition of calcium phosphate (CaP) minerals and its impact on the adhesion and viability of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). aTiO2 surfaces were synthesized by magnetron sputtering technique. The CAP‐p15 peptide was physically attached to aTiO2 surfaces and characterized by atomic force microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and water contact angle measurement. We performed in vitro calcium phosphate nucleation assays using an artificial saliva solution (pH 7.4) to simulate the oral environment. morphological and chemical characterization of the deposits were evaluated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and spectroscopy molecular techniques (Raman Spectroscopy, ATR‐FTIR). The aTiO2 surfaces biofunctionalized with CAP‐p15 were also analyzed for hPDLCs attachment, proliferation, and in vitro scratch‐healing assay. The results let us see that the homogeneous amorphous titanium oxide coating was 70 nanometers thick. The CAP‐p15 (1 μg/mL) displayed the ability to adsorb onto the aTiO2 surface, increasing the roughness and maintaining the hydrophilicity of the aTiO2 surfaces. The physical adsorption of CAP‐p15 onto the aTiO2 surfaces promoted the precipitation of a uniform layer of crystals with a flake‐like morphology and a Ca/P ratio of 1.79. According to spectroscopy molecular analysis, these crystalline deposits correspond to carbonated hydroxyapatite. Regarding cell behavior, the biofunctionalized aTiO2 surfaces improved the adhesion of hPDLCs after 24 h of cell culture, achieving 3.4‐fold when compared to pristine surfaces. Moreover, there was an increase in cell proliferation and cell migration processes. Physical adsorption of CAP‐p15 onto aTiO2 surfaces enhanced the formation of carbonate hydroxyapatite crystals and promoted the proliferation and migration of human periodontal ligament‐derived cells in in vitro studies. This experimental model using the novel bioactive peptide CAP‐p15 could be used as an alternative to increasing the osseointegration process of implants.
CEO characteristics and bank stability: Evidence from an emerging economy
Authors: Hai Nam Pham , Diem Chi Le Ha
Published: January 2024

This paper investigates the effect of CEO characteristics on bank stability of commercial banks in Vietnam. The study used regression models Pooled OLS, Fixed effects Model (FEM), random effects model (REM), and Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) to evaluate the relationship between CEO characteristics and bank stability of 26 commercial banks in Vietnam. To deal with the limitations of traditional regression methods, we propose Bayesian regression method. The data collection period in the study is from 2013 to 2022. In these regression models, CEO power, female CEO, CEO tenure, and CEO age are independent variables. The dependent variable representing bank stability is the Z‐score. The research results show that the factors CEO power, female CEO, CEO tenure, CEO age have a positive impact on bank stability in Vietnam.
A neural network potential based on pairwise resolved atomic forces and energies
Authors: Kalayan Jas , Ramzan Ismaeel , Williams Christopher D. , Bryce Richard A. , Burton Neil A.
Published: January 2024

Molecular simulations have become a key tool in molecular and materials design. Machine learning (ML)‐based potential energy functions offer the prospect of simulating complex molecular systems efficiently at quantum chemical accuracy. In previous work, we have introduced the ML‐based PairF‐Net approach to neural network potentials, that adopts a pairwise interatomic scheme to predicting forces within a molecular system. Here, we further develop the PairF‐Net model to intrinsically incorporate energy conservation and couple the model to a molecular mechanical (MM) environment within the OpenMM package. The updated PairF‐Net model yields energy and force predictions and dynamical distributions in good agreement with the rMD17 dataset of ten small organic molecules in the gas‐phase. We further show that these in vacuo ML models of small molecules can be applied to force predictions in aqueous solution via hybrid ML/MM simulations. We present a new benchmark dataset for these ten molecules in solution, obtained from QM/MM simulations, which we denote as rMD17‐aq (https://zenodo.org/records/10048644); and assess the ability of PairF‐Net to reproduce the molecular energy, atomic forces and dynamical distributions of these solution conformations via ML/MM simulations.
Mental health screening and referral to treatment in dental practices: A scoping review
Authors: Culmer Nathan P. , Smith Todd Brenton , Berryhill M. Blake , Gurenlian JoAnn , Simpson Lance , Ogden Shawnna , Parrish Jonathan , Ryan Lacey , White Nicole , Bettis Merrill , Greenwood Charlotte
Published: January 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study was to conduct a scoping review to examine and summarize the characteristics of research related to mental health (MH) screenings and/or referrals to treatment in dental practices.

Methods

We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines for Scoping Reviews and searched multiple databases for terms connected with dental care, MH concerns, screening, and referral. Included articles: (1) described care provided in a dental practice, (2) described a situation where the patient is experiencing the potential MH problem, (3) did not involve dental anxiety exclusively, and (4) involved some form of MH screening and/or referral to treatment. Article analysis included a summary of key study characteristics, types of evidence, study design, and central concepts and definitions.

Results

The search generated 2050 records, with 26 ultimately included. Most studies involved only adults (22, 85%), but only three (12%) reported on rurality (two urban; one mixed) and only two each (8%) reported race or ethnicity. Fifteen (58%) articles were prospective and 11 (42%) were retrospective. The studies varied widely in study designs, from 11 (42%) cross‐sectional methodologies to only one (4%) randomized controlled trial. Thirty‐four screening tools were used to screen for symptoms of 43 MH conditions, with depression and anxiety screened for most frequently. Few articles discussed making referrals, practice workflows, or follow‐up outcomes.

Conclusions

Included studies provide evidence of viable options for dental practitioners regarding MH screening, referring, and conducting follow‐up, but lack specificity regarding these processes. Overall, more research is needed to clarify what workflows are most efficient for dental practitioners and efficacious in identifying patients with MH concerns.
Chronic HIV‐1 Tat action induces HLA‐DR downregulation in B cells: A mechanism for lymphoma immune escape in people living with HIV
Authors: Shmakova Anna , Hugot Coline , Kozhevnikova Yana , Schwager (Karpukhina) Anna , Tsimailo Ivan , Gérard Laurence , Boutboul David , Oksenhendler Eric , Szewczyk‐Roszczenko Olga , Roszczenko Piotr , Buzun Kamila , Sheval Eugene V. , Germini Diego , Vassetzky Yegor
Published: January 2024

Despite the success of combination antiretroviral therapy, people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) still have an increased risk of Epstein−Barr virus (EBV)‐associated B cell malignancies. In the HIV setting, B cell physiology is altered by coexistence with HIV‐infected cells and the chronic action of secreted viral proteins, for example, HIV‐1 Tat that, once released, efficiently penetrates noninfected cells. We modeled the chronic action of HIV‐1 Tat on B cells by ectopically expressing Tat or TatC22G mutant in two lymphoblastoid B cell lines. The RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed that Tat deregulated the expression of hundreds of genes in B cells, including the downregulation of a subset of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II‐related genes. Tat‐induced downregulation of HLA‐DRB1 and HLA‐DRB5 genes led to a decrease in HLA‐DR surface expression; this effect was reproduced by coculturing B cells with Tat‐expressing T cells. Chronic Tat presence decreased the NF‐ᴋB pathway activity in B cells; this downregulated NF‐ᴋB‐dependent transcriptional targets, including MHC class II genes. Notably, HLA‐DRB1 and surface HLA‐DR expression was also decreased in B cells from people with HIV. Tat‐induced HLA‐DR downregulation in B cells impaired EBV‐specific CD4+ T cell response, which contributed to the escape from immune surveillance and could eventually promote B cell lymphomagenesis in people with HIV.
RNA recognition by PKR during DNA virus infection
Authors: Zhang Ruilin , Karijolich John
Published: January 2024

Protein kinase R (PKR) is a double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding protein that plays a crucial role in innate immunity during viral infection and can restrict both DNA and RNA viruses. The potency of its antiviral function is further reflected by the large number of viral‐encoded PKR antagonists. However, much about the regulation of dsRNA accumulation and PKR activation during viral infection remains unknown. Since DNA viruses do not have an RNA genome or RNA replication intermediates like RNA viruses do, PKR‐mediated dsRNA detection in the context of DNA virus infection is particularly intriguing. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the regulation of PKR activation and its antagonism during infection with DNA viruses.
Association between preablation and postablation neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio and atrial fibrillation recurrence: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lekkala Sai Prasanna , Mellacheruvu Sai Priyanka , Gill Karanvir Singh , Khela Puneeteshwar Singh , Singh Gurjot , Jitta Sahas Reddy , Patel Manali , Hingora Mohmed Junaid , Desai Rupak
Published: January 2024

Atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence has become common in patients who have undergone catheter ablation. High neutrophil lymphocyte ratios (NLR) have been linked to an increased risk of recurrent AF. The research is, however, not conclusive. This meta‐analysis addressed the value of easily accessible and affordable pre‐ and postablation NLR levels as indicators of AF recurrence in patients who had undergone ablation. We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar for pertinent studies through May 2023. Using random effects models, the aggregated odds ratio (OR) of pre‐ and post‐NLR and AF recurrence was estimated. Inter‐study heterogeneity was described using I2 statistics and leave‐one‐out sensitivity analysis. A p‐value < .05 was considered statistically significant. The literature search yielded 270 studies, seven of which were included in this meta‐analysis of 1923 patients who experienced AF recurrence after undergoing ablation. There are five retrospective and two prospective studies with a mean follow‐up of 20.5 months. The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of AF recurrence for preablation NLR was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.04–1.71, p < .01, I2 = 95.49%), while the adjusted OR was 1.45 (95% CI: 0.87–2.43, p < .01, I2 = 95.1%). The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for postablation NLR was 1.21 (95% CI: 1.09–1.36, p < .01, I2 = 85.9%), and the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.28 (95% CI: 0.93–1.76), demonstrating significant heterogeneity (I2 = 95.32%) with a p‐value < .01. NLR was significantly associated with AF recurrence prediction. To detect AF recurrence, we recommend that clinicians add a simple NLR blood test to their diagnostic modalities.
Outcomes of left bundle branch area pacing compared to His bundle pacing and right ventricular apical pacing in Japanese patients with bradycardia
Authors: Kono Hiroyuki , Kuramitsu Shoichi , Fukunaga Masato , Korai Kengo , Nagashima Michio , Hiroshima Kenichi , Ando Kenji
Published: January 2024

Background

His bundle pacing (HBP) and left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) emerge as better alternatives to right ventricular apical pacing (RVAP) in patients with bradycardia requiring permanent cardiac pacing. We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of LBBAP, HBP, and RVAP in Japanese patients with bradycardia.

Methods

A total of 424 patients who underwent successful pacemaker implantation (HBP, n = 53; LBBAP, n = 75; and RVAP, n = 296) were retrospectively enrolled in this study. The primary study endpoint was the cumulative incidence of heart failure hospitalization (HFH) during the follow‐up.

Results

The success rate for implantation was higher in the LBBAP group than in the HBP group (94.9% and 81.5%, respectively). Capture threshold increase >1V during the follow‐up occurred in the HBP and RVAP groups (9.4% and 5.1%, respectively), while it did not in the LBBAP group. The cumulative incidence of HFH was significantly lower in the LBBAP group than the RVAP (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.12 [95% confidence interval: 0.02–0.86]; p = .034); it did not differ between the HBP and RVAP groups (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.48 [95% confidence interval: 0.17–1.34]; p = .16). Advanced age, mean percent right ventricular pacing (per 10% increase), left ventricular ejection fraction <50%, and RVAP were associated with HFH.

Conclusions

Compared to RVAP and HBP, LBBAP appeared more feasible and effective in patients with bradycardia requiring permanent cardiac pacing.
Rapid identification of the compounds of Bushen Huoxue Prescription based on offline two‐dimensional liquid chromatography with high‐resolution mass spectrometry and molecular network technology
Authors: Kuang Wei , Wang Yu , Huang Yuxia , Wu Wenlin , Zhang Mei
Published: January 2024

The comprehensive and efficient characterization of components in traditional Chinese medicine is crucial for elucidating its active constituents and uncovering its mechanism. Identifying the compounds of the Bushen Huoxue Prescription (BHP) is difficult because of its complex composition and the large difference in concentration among its compounds. In this study, a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with reversed‐phase LC (HILIC × RPLC) offline 2D‐LC tandem high‐resolution mass spectrometry method was established to analyze the total compounds of the BHP. Database screening and molecular networking were performed to identify the compounds. In contrast to conventional 1D chromatography, 2D chromatography increased peak capacity, enriched trace ingredients, and prevented the masking of high‐abundance compounds. A total of 165 compounds were identified, and 14 potential compounds needed to be further identified. This study provided an effective method for comprehensively analyzing the complex system of traditional Chinese medicine compounds.
Metabolic profiles of Fufang Xiling Jiedu capsule in rats by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Yu‐kang , Liu Ce‐jia , Tian Ru‐fang , Liu Xin‐cun , Zhang Yu‐wei , Zhang Feng‐chao , Zhang Jing‐hua , Yao Yuan‐cheng , Cao Gui‐yun , Meng Zhao‐qing
Published: January 2024

Fufang Xiling Jiedu capsule (FXJC), a traditional Chinese medicine that evolved from “Yinqiao Powder”, is widely used for the treatment of cold and influenza. However, due to a lack of in vivo metabolism research, the chemical components responsible for the therapeutic effects still remain unclear. Hence, this study aimed to describe the metabolic profiles of the FXJC in rat plasma, urine, and feces. A combined data mining strategy based on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry was employed and 201 xenobiotics, including 117 prototype components and 84 metabolites were detected. Phenolic acids, flavonoids, triterpenes, and lignans were prominent ingredients absorbed in vivo, and the major metabolic pathways of the detected metabolites were glucuronidation, sulfation, methylation, and oxidation. This is the first systematic study on the metabolism of the FXJC in vivo, providing valuable information for future studies on the efficacy, toxicity, and mechanism of the FXJC.
Global existence of smooth solutions for the incompressible Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert flow with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in two‐dimensional torus and ℝ2
Authors: Wang Guangwu , Guo Boling
Published: January 2024

This paper focuses on establishing the existence of smooth solutions for the incompressible Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction and V flow in two‐dimensional domains, including the torus and Euclidean space. The primary objective is to establish global existence results by investigating the conditions under which a smooth solution exists for all time, provided that the
norm of the initial magnetization gradient is sufficiently small. Rigorous mathematical proofs for these global existence results are provided by combining analytical techniques and energy estimates. These findings enhance our understanding of solution behavior and regularity in the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation with DM interaction, shedding light on its dynamics in different spatial domains.