bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Light‐Stimulated Luminescence Control of Lead Halide‐Based Perovskite Nanocrystals Coupled with Photochromic Molecules via Electron and Energy Transfer
Authors: Akaishi Yuji , Mokhtar Ashkan , Shimoyoshi Manami , Nohara Taiki , Inomata Yusuke , Kosumi Daisuke , Fukaminato Tuyoshi , Kida Tetsuya
Published: October 2022

Photoswitchable nanomaterials are key materials in the development of advanced imaging techniques, such as super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy. The combination of perovskite CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) with bright photoluminescence (PL) emission and diarylethenes (DAEs) with structural changes in response to ultraviolet (UV) and visible light is a promising candidate system. Herein, CsPbBr3 NCs are coupled with photochromic DAE molecules to control the PL emission from the NCs by light stimulation. The PL emission is successfully switched ON and OFF by alternating UV and visible light irradiation. Time‐resolved PL emission studies suggest that Förster resonance energy transfer from CsPbBr3 NCs to the closed‐ring form of DAE occurs after UV irradiation, and the PL emission is quenched. Upon visible‐light irradiation, DAE is converted to the open‐ring isomer, and the PL emission is restored. Femtosecond pump‐probe spectroscopy reveals that light stimulation induces not only energy transfer but also photoinduced electron transfer in the NC‐DAE pair on the picosecond timescale to form DAE radicals. Thus, it is suggested that the holes residing in the NCs react with the NCs, degrading the PL emission. Stable PL switching is realized using 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) as a hole scavenger to avoid the reaction between the holes and NCs.
Self‐Aggregated Light‐Trapping Nanodots for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Gao Huaizhi , Yu Runnan , Gong Yongshuai , Ma Zongwen , He Zhangwei , Dong Yiman , Xu Kunxiang , Bai Yiming , Tan Zhan'ao
Published: October 2022

The typical thickness of the photoactive layer in organic solar cells (OSCs) is around 100 nm, which limits the absorption efficiency of the incident light and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs. Therefore, light‐trapping schemes to reduce the optical losses in the thin photoactive layers are critically important for efficient OSCs. Herein, light‐trapping and electron‐collection dual‐functional small organic molecules, N,N,N′,N′‐tetraphenyloxalamide (TPEA) and N,N,N′,N′‐tetraphenylmalonamide (TPMA), are designed and synthesized by a one‐step acylation reaction. Driven by strong intermolecular force, TPEA and TPMA tend to self‐aggregate into hemispherical light‐trapping nanodots on the photoactive layer, resulting in enhanced light harvesting. Meanwhile, TPEA and TPMA demonstrate high electron mobility and excellent electron‐collection ability.  Compared with the device without cathode buffer layer (CBL, PCE = 14.09%), PM6:BTP‐eC9 based OSCs with TPEA and TPMA light‐trapping CBLs demonstrate greatly enhanced PCE of 16.21% and 17.85%, respectively. Furthermore, a record PCE of 19.02% can be achieved for PM6:BTP‐eC9:PC71BM based ternary OSC with TPMA light‐trapping CBL. Moreover, TPMA exhibits a low synthesis cost of only 0.61 $ g−1 with high yield. These findings could open a window for the rational design of multifunctional CBLs for efficient and stable OSCs.
Introduction of Jokes-Based Research Methods
Authors: Bouwmeester Onno
Published: October 2022

Ethics scholars know about ethical transgressions in business mainly from journalists. Journalists report extreme transgressions leading to scandals, court cases and social or environmental disasters. The more moderate examples of unethical business behaviour are known by insiders, but less by outsiders. Business ethicists have rarely explored such more common transgressions empirically, and they lack own methods to do so. This chapter introduces four research methods that use business jokes on ethical transgressions. The chapter first explains how critical insider jokes can illustrate common unethical practices in business, second how they can stimulate conversation about them in open in-depth interviews, third how they can be used as statements to be rated in a survey and fourth how they can be used as a source for content analysis. This introductory chapter concludes with an outline of the entire book and its four methods, showing their contributions to research methods in business ethics. The book aims at scholars in business ethics and the social sciences including their Ph.D. and M.Sc. students. Second, the book may also be relevant to practitioners like consultants, managers and researchers who want to better explore business ethics cases in their specific fields.
Concluding Reflections on Jokes-Based Research Methods
Authors: Bouwmeester Onno
Published: October 2022

This chapter summarizes the benefits and limitations of four jokes-based research methods used to explore different ethical challenges and cases. They can be used in different business fields, but are illustrated for common transgressions in management consulting. The four methods are jokes-based illustration, jokes-based interviewing, jokes-based survey design and jokes-based content analysis. This summarizing chapter indicates how jokes-based methods give valid results. The jokes-based methods can be used to study professional ethics, business ethics, and transgressions in other domains where norms are commonly violated, such as with old versus new traditions, new fashions, the use of new technologies etc. The jokes-based methods are developed to support research, but they can also be used in educational programs with research assignments. The chapter concludes with a reflection on the normative and critical value of jokes, next to their descriptive qualities that are useful in research.
Vertragsdurchführung mit Smart Contracts – rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen und Herausforderungen
Authors: Groß Dominik
Published: October 2022

Smart Contracts als algorithmen-basierte Routinen eignen sich zur automatisierten Vertragsabwicklung. Hierzu ist es notwendig, dass sich die Vertragsgestaltung der besonderen Anforderungen bewusst wird, die ein Programmcode, der lediglich einfache Wenn-dann-Beziehungen abbilden kann, an sie stellt. Ein automatisches Ablaufen eines Smart Contracts kann nur dann zur Vertragserfüllung eingesetzt werden, wenn die komplexen juristischen Vereinbarungen zwischen den Parteien derart dekonstruiert werden, dass seine automatische Ausführung möglich ist. Für den Bauvertrag wurde die Zahlungsabwicklung als ein Komplex identifiziert, der es mittels Bautenstandsfeststellungen mithilfe der Methode BIM erlaubt, eine (teil-)automatisierte Vertragsabwicklung durchzuführen. Der Beitrag möchte das Bewusstsein für das Potenzial einer solchen Teilautomatisierung, aber auch für deren Grenzen schärfen. Die Vertragsgestaltung muss ermitteln, an welchen Stellen trotz Teilautomatisierung menschlicher Input notwendig bleibt. Darüber hinaus gilt es die zwingenden Regelungen des Datenschutzes zu beachten. Im Rahmen eines Ausblicks wird untersucht, inwiefern sich die für den Bauvertrag gefundenen Ergebnisse auf die Abwicklung anderer Vertragstypen übertragen lassen.
Datenhoheit und Datenschutz aus Nutzer-, Verbraucher- und Patientenperspektive
Authors: Straub Sebastian
Published: October 2022

Daten bergen ein hohes Wertschöpfungspotenzial. Zur Umsetzung von innovative Geschäftsmodellen wird immer häufiger auch auf Daten von natürlichen Personen zurückgegriffen. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit die betroffenen Personen Einfluss und Kontrolle auf die Verarbeitung der sie betreffenden Daten nehmen können. Der Beitrag widmet sich dem Thema Datenhoheit aus Sicht von Nutzenden, Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern sowie Patientinnen und Patienten. In diesem Zusammenhang werden die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen und bereichsspezifische Regelungen zur Gewährleistung der Datenhoheit dargestellt.
Verfahren zur Anonymisierung und Pseudonymisierung von Daten
Authors: Dewes Andreas
Published: October 2022

Dieses Kapitel gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle Techniken für die Anonymisierung und Pseudonymisierung von Daten. Nach einer kurzen Einführung in die Thematik sowie der Klärung wesentlicher Begriffe aus rechtlicher und organisatorischer Sicht werden Methoden für die Anonymisierung strukturierter Daten erläutert. Hierbei wird der Schwerpunkt auf aggregationsbasierte Anonymisierung gelegt. Differential Privacy wird als moderne Methodik zur Bewertung rauschbasierter Anonymisierungsverfahren diskutiert und anhand eines Praxisbeispiels erläutert. Es werden Methoden für das Testen von differenziell privaten Anonymisierungsverfahren und Praxisbeispiele vorgestellt, in denen Differential Privacy von Organisationen erfolgreich eingesetzt wird. Anschließend werden Pseudonymisierungsverfahren erläutert. Hierbei werden insbesondere moderne, kryptographische Verfahren betrachtet sowie die struktur- und formaterhaltende Pseudonymisierung von Daten. Die vorgestellten Verfahren werden wiederum anhand von Praxisbeispielen erläutert.
Datensouveränität in Digitalen Ökosystemen: Daten nutzbar machen, Kontrolle behalten
Authors: Jung Christian , Eitel Andreas , Feth Denis
Published: October 2022

Digitale Ökosysteme entstehen in allen Branchen und Domänen, leben von einer starken Vernetzung und ermöglichen neue, datenzentrierte Geschäftsmodelle. Die Umsetzung von Datensouveränität – also die größtmögliche Kontrolle, Einfluss- und Einsichtnahme auf die Nutzung der Daten durch den Datengebenden – ist essenziell, um eine vertrauensvolle und sichere Nutzung von Daten zwischen allen Beteiligten des digitalen Ökosystems zu ermöglichen. Datennutzungskontrolle ist hierfür ein wesentlicher Baustein, um eine organisations- und unternehmensübergreifende Selbstbestimmung und Transparenz bei der Verwendung von Daten durch Ökosystemteilnehmer zu gewährleisten. Das Kapitel befasst sich mit den Grundlagen der Umsetzung von Datensouveränität durch Datennutzungskontrolle und der Verwendung von Datendashboards für Datensouveränität in digitalen Ökosystemen. Hierzu wird ein Anwendungsbeispiel eines digitalen Ökosystems aus der Automobilbranche eingeführt und die Umsetzung von Datensouveränität anhand konkreter Szenarien verdeutlicht und diskutiert.
Datenqualitätssicherung entlang der Datenwertschöpfungskette im Industriekontext
Authors: Saßmannshausen Jochen , Schäfer Philipp Marcel
Published: October 2022

In zunehmend vernetzten Systemen erstreckt sich die gesamte Datenwertschöpfungskette über eine Vielzahl an Systemen, wobei unterschiedliche Akteure mit unterschiedlichen und möglicherweise gegensätzlichen Interessen beteiligt sind. Es ist daher erforderlich, die Prozesse der Datenerfassung, Verarbeitung und Speicherung so abzusichern, dass Manipulationen durch externe Angriffe oder einzelne Akteure erkannt werden können. Dieser Beitrag legt den Fokus auf drei unterschiedliche technische Maßnahmen, durch welche Vertrauen in die ausgetauschten Daten selbst und letztendlich auch zwischen unterschiedlichen Akteuren hergestellt werden kann: Maßnahmen zur Kommunikationssicherheit schützen Daten während des Transports, digitale Kalibrierzertifikate erlauben eine Aussage über die Genauigkeit der erfassten Daten, Distributed-Ledger-Technologien wie zum Beispiel eine Blockchain erfassen Aktionen sowie beteiligte Akteure und legen diese Informationen manipulationsgeschützt ab. Dieser Beitrag bezieht sich auf das Forschungsprojekt GEMIMEG-II, das durch das Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz (BMWK) gefördert wird.
Besonderheiten datenbasierter Geschäftsmodellentwicklung
Authors: Stechow Richard , Schäfer Leonie , Brugger Peter
Published: October 2022

Die Erfahrungen der letzten Jahre zeigen, dass Unternehmen häufig den Wert ihrer eigenen Daten sowie die eigenen Fähigkeiten, Umsatz aus diesen Daten generieren zu können, systematisch überschätzen. In der Praxis sind die wenigsten Unternehmen tatsächlich in der Lage ein nachhaltiges auf Daten basiertes Geschäftsmodell zu etablieren. Dies hat vielfältige Gründe: eine zu geringe Menge verfügbarer Daten, fehlende Einheitlichkeit und Vergleichbarkeit der Daten, mangelnde Möglichkeiten, diese Daten zur Erzeugung von relevanten Informationen oder Handlungshinweisen interpretieren zu können, sowie die fehlende Monetarisierung der Resultate.

Für ein besseres Verständnis, welche grundsätzlichen Aspekte es bei der Entwicklung datenbasierter Geschäftsmodelle zu beachten gilt und wie eine mögliche Umsetzung aussehen kann, beschreibt dieser Beitrag die Besonderheiten sowie die unterschiedlichen Arten datengetriebener Geschäftsmodelle und für welche Unternehmen diese besonders geeignet sind, weist auf spezifische Chancen und Herausforderungen hin und stellt die systematische Entwicklung datenbasierter Geschäftsmodelle dar.
Herausforderungen der Preisbildung datenbasierter Geschäftsmodelle in der produzierenden Industrie
Authors: Rix Calvin , Leiting Tobias , Holst Lennard
Published: October 2022

Hohe Umsatzpotenziale, welche im Rahmen der Industrie 4.0 und hiermit einhergehender, datenbasierter Geschäftsmodelle prognostiziert wurden, können bisher noch nicht voll ausgeschöpft werden und bleiben hinter den Erwartungen zurück. Der Etablierung datenbasierter Geschäftsmodelle stehen in der Industrie, die noch stark auf das Transaktionsgeschäft mit physischen Produkten und Dienstleistungen ausgerichtet ist, im Rahmen der Preisbildung historisch gewachsene Handlungsweisen entgegen, die es in Zukunft zu vermeiden gilt. Daher wurde mit Hilfe eines Fallstudienansatzes ein Rahmenwerk für die systematische Preisbildung entwickelt. Das Modell charakterisiert die Typen datenbasierter Leistungsangebote und zeigt deren nutzen- und wertbestimmende Besonderheiten auf. Weiterhin wird basierend auf dem Preispotenzial und der Risikoübernahmefähigkeit die Auswahl und Ausgestaltung des passenden Preismodells erläutert. Abschließend wird ein Ansatz zur Festlegung der Preismetrik aufgezeigt, wobei Preiskomponenten und -punkte sowie die Auswahl von Zahlungsintervallen und die Vertragslaufzeit beleuchtet werden. Das vorgestellte Modell präsentiert Entscheidungsvariablen und Handlungsempfehlungen, welche Praktiker dabei unterstützt, die Preisbildung datenbasierter Geschäftsmodelle erfolgreich umzusetzen.
Data Governance – Datenteilung in Ökosystemen rechtskonform gestalten
Authors: Weber Beatrix , Gernert Regine
Published: October 2022

Die Europäische Union strebt mit einem Bündel von Verordnungsentwürfen die Ausgestaltung des Rechtsrahmens für Datenräume an. Mit dem Vorschlag eines Data-Governance-Gesetzes soll die Grundlage für einen zukünftigen Rechtsrahmen der Datennutzung und der Datenmärkte gelegt werden. Neben dem Datentransfer aus dem öffentlichen in den privaten Sektor und der Datenspende wird das Anbieten von Diensten für die gemeinsame Datennutzung (Datenmittlung) geregelt. Das Teilen von Daten soll rechtskonform gestaltet werden können, um die Entstehung von Datenräumen auch wirtschaftlich zu ermöglichen.

Anbietern von Diensten für das Teilen von Daten, sogenannten Datenmittlern, wird eine Schlüsselrolle in der Datenwirtschaft zugeschrieben. Sie schaffen Plattformen, die das Aggregieren und den Austausch erheblicher Mengen einschlägiger Daten erleichtern, und verbinden die verschiedenen Akteure miteinander. Sie unterstützen sowohl das Teilen von Daten mehrseitiger Herkunft für mehrseitige Nutzung als auch den bilateralen Datenaustausch von Unternehmen zu Unternehmen. So kann zukünftig eine „neuartige europäische Art der Data Governance“ für datengetriebene offene Ökosysteme auf der Basis neutraler Datenmittler entstehen.

Unternehmen, die Datenbestände als Anbieter oder Nutzer innovativ einsetzen wollen, benötigen Modelle zur Datennutzung und eine Data Governance, die die künftigen gesetzlichen Vorgaben umsetzt und hierbei Technik, Ökonomie und Recht verbindet. Data Governance ist das Zukunftsmodell für alle datengetriebenen Innovationen, um die Teilhabe an Daten und datenbasierten Innovationen auch für KMU niederschwellig und rechtskonform zu ermöglichen und Markteinschränkungen aufgrund von Datenabhängigkeiten zu vermeiden. In diesem Beitrag wird für Entscheidungsträger in Unternehmen der aktuelle Rechtsrahmen erläutert und im Kontext von zukünftigen Ökosystemen bewertet.
Viperin deficiency promotes dendritic cell activation and function via NF-kappaB activation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Zhou Xinying , Xu Hui , Li Qianna , Wang Qi , Liu Honglin , Huang Yingqi , Liang Yao , Lie Linmiao , Han Zhenyu , Chen Yaoxin , Huang Yulan , Zhou Wenle , Wen Qian , Zhou Chaoying , Hu Shengfeng , Ma Li
Published: October 2022

Objectives and design

Dendritic cells (DCs) are one of the key immune cells in bridging innate and adaptive immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Interferons (IFNs) play important roles in regulating DC activation and function. Virus-inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum-associated, interferon-inducible (Viperin) is one of the important IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), and elicits host defense against infection.

Methods

We investigated the effects and mechanisms of Viperin on DC activation and function using Viperin deficient bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) during Mtb infection.

Results

Viperin deficiency enhanced phagocytic activity and increased clearance of Mtb in DCs, produced higher abundance of NO, cytokine including interleukin-12 (IL-12), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-1β, IL-6 and chemokine including CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL10, elevated MHC I, MHC II and co-stimulatory molecules expression, and enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Mechanistically, Viperin deficiency promoted DC activation and function through NF-κB p65 activation. NF-κB p65 inhibitor prevented cytokine and chemokine production, and co-stimulatory molecules expression promoted by Viperin deficiency.

Conclusions

These results suggest that Mtb induced Viperin expression could impair the activation of host defense function of DCs and DC-T cell cross talk during Mtb infection. This research may provide a potential target for future HDT in TB therapy.
Effects on beer colloidal stability of full-scale brewing with adjuncts, enzymes, and finings
Authors: Królak Kamil , Kobus Katarzyna , Kordialik-Bogacka Edyta
Published: October 2022

This study investigated the effects on beer colloidal stability of full-scale brewing with adjuncts, enzymes, and finings. Industrial lager beers were produced solely from barley malt or from barley malt with adjuncts (corn grist and starch syrup or unmalted barley). Various stabilization aids were also used (silica gel, PVPP, proline-specific endoprotease, carrageenan). Predictive shelf-life tests were conducted. We analyzed the content of compounds (proteins and polyphenols) generally related to beer colloidal stability. The results show that the haze-forming potential of the beer during storage can be evaluated based on the coagulable nitrogen content (high molecular weight proteins), rather than the total nitrogen content and polyphenol content. A very strong and statistically significant negative correlation was observed between the concentration of coagulable nitrogen and beer colloidal stability. When brewing was conducted with 49% barley raw material and exogenous proteases, especially proline-specific endoprotease, the coagulable nitrogen content fell and beer colloidal stability improved. The use of corn grist and starch syrup as up to 40% of the total grist resulted in a 30% longer physical shelf life compared to the all-malt beer.
Lymphodepleting chemotherapy practices and effect on safety and efficacy outcomes in patients with solid tumours undergoing T cell receptor-engineered T cell (TCR-T) Therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Owen Kathryn , Ghaly Ramy , Shohdy Kyrillus S. , Thistlethwaite Fiona
Published: October 2022

Background

T cell receptor-engineered T cell (TCR-T) therapy has shown promising efficacy in advanced solid tumours. Lymphodepleting (LD) chemotherapy improves TCR-T cell therapy efficacy but is associated with significant toxicities. Evidence is sparse regarding the optimum LD regimen for TCR-T cell therapy in solid tumours.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted of interventional, prospective clinical trials describing LD practices prior to TCR-T cell therapy in patients with advanced solid tumours. The objective was to define LD regimens administered prior to TCR-T cell therapy and their effects on specific safety and efficacy outcomes in this patient population.

Results

Searches returned 484 studies, 19 (231 patients) met the eligibility criteria. Cyclophosphamide (cyclo) 60 mg/kg daily (2 days), plus fludarabine (fludara) 25 mg/m2 daily (5 days) was the most common LD regimen (38% of studies). Higher dose LD regimens were associated with increased pooled incidence rates of febrile neutropaenia compared to low dose (0.64, [95% Confidence interval (CI): 0.50–0.78], vs. 0.39 [95% CI: 0.25–0.53], respectively) but were not significantly associated with higher objective responses (odds ratio: 1.05, 95%CI: 0.60–1.82, p = 0.86). A major shortfall in safety data reporting was identified; determination of LD regimen effects on many safety outcomes was not possible.

Conclusion

Standard consensus guidelines for the design and reporting of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) studies would facilitate accurate risk–benefit analysis for optimising LD regimens in patients with advanced solid tumours.
The diagnostic performance of the ductus venosus for the detection of cardiac defects in the first trimester: a systematic review and diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis
Authors: Savoia Fabiana , Scala Carolina , Coppola Marlene , Riemma Gaetano , Vitale Salvatore Giovanni , Mikuš Mislav , Schiattarella Antonio , La Verde Marco , Colacurci Nicola , De Franciscis Pasquale , Morlando Maddalena
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Abnormal flow in the ductus venosus (DV) has been reported to be associated with adverse perinatal outcome, chromosomal abnormalities, and congenital heart defects (CHD). Aneuploid fetuses have increased risk of CHD, but there are discrepancies on the performance of this markers in euploid fetuses. The aim of this meta-analysis was to establish the predictive accuracy of DV for CHD.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched from inception to February 2022. No language or geographical restrictions were applied. Inclusion criteria regarded observational and randomized studies concerning first-trimester DV flow as CHD marker. Random effect meta-analyses to calculate risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristics (HSROC), and bivariate models to evaluate diagnostic accuracy were used. Primary outcome was the diagnostic performance of DV in detecting prenatal CHD by means of area under the curve (AUROC). Subgroup analysis for euploid, high-risk, and normal NT fetuses was performed. Quality assessment of included papers was performed using QUADAS-2.

Results

Twenty two studies, with a total of 204.829 fetuses undergoing first trimester scan with DV Doppler evaluation, fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. Overall, abnormal DV flow at the time of first trimester screening was associated to an increased risk of CHD (RR 6.9, 95% CI 3.7–12.6; I2 = 95.2%) as well in unselected (RR: 6.4, 95% CI 2.5–16.4; I2 = 93.3%) and in euploid (RR: 6.45, 95% CI 3.3–12.6; I2 = 95.8%) fetuses. The overall diagnostic accuracy of abnormal DV in detecting CHD was good in euploid fetuses with an AUROC of 0.81 (95% CI 0.78–0.84), but it was poor in the high-risk group with an AUROC of 0.66 (95% CI 0.62–0.70) and in the unselected population with an AUROC of 0.44 (95% CI 0.40–0.49).

Conclusions

Abnormal DV in the first trimester increases the risk of CHD with a moderate sensitivity for euploid fetuses. In combination with other markers (NT, TV regurgitation) could be helpful to identify fetuses otherwise considered to be at low risk for CHD. In addition to the improvement of the fetal heart examination in the first trimester, this strategy can increase the detection of major CHD at earlier stage of pregnancy.
Global solutions of aggregation equations and other flows with random diffusion
Authors: Rosenzweig Matthew , Staffilani Gigliola
Published: October 2022

Aggregation equations, such as the parabolic-elliptic Patlak–Keller–Segel model, are known to have an optimal threshold for global existence versus finite-time blow-up. In particular, if the diffusion is absent, then all smooth solutions with finite second moment can exist only locally in time. Nevertheless, one can ask whether global existence can be restored by adding a suitable noise to the equation, so that the dynamics are now stochastic. Inspired by the work of Buckmaster et al. (Int Math Res Not IMRN 23:9370–9385, 2020) showing that, with high probability, the inviscid SQG equation with random diffusion has global classical solutions, we investigate whether suitable random diffusion can restore global existence for a large class of active scalar equations in arbitrary dimension with possibly singular velocity fields. This class includes Hamiltonian flows, such as the SQG equation and its generalizations, and gradient flows, such as those arising in aggregation models. For this class, we show global existence of solutions in Gevrey-type Fourier–Lebesgue spaces with quantifiable high probability.
Outcomes of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children not treated with intensified immunosuppression
Authors: Trautmann Agnes , Seide Svenja , Lipska-Ziętkiewicz Beata S. , Ozaltin Fatih , Szczepanska Maria , Azocar Marta , Jankauskiene Augustina , Zurowska Alexandra , Caliskan Salim , Saeed Bassam , Morello William , Emma Francesco , Litwin Mieczyslaw , Tsygin Alexey , Fomina Svitlana , Wasilewska Anna , Melk Anette , Benetti Elisa , Gellermann Jutta , Stajic Natasa , Tkaczyk Marcin , Baiko Sergey , Prikhodina Larisa , Csaicsich Dagmar , Medynska Anna , Krisam Regina , Breitschwerdt Heike , Schaefer Franz ,   for the PodoNet Consortium
Published: October 2022

Background

The aim of the current PodoNet registry analysis was to evaluate the outcome of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) in children who were not treated with intensified immunosuppression (IIS), focusing on the potential for spontaneous remission and the role of angiotensin blockade on proteinuria reduction.

Methods

Ninety-five pediatric patients who did not receive any IIS were identified in the PodoNet Registry. Competing risk analyses were performed on 67 patients with nephrotic-range proteinuria at disease onset to explore the cumulative rates of complete or partial remission or progression to kidney failure, stratified by underlying etiology (genetic vs. non-genetic SRNS). In addition, Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed to identify factors predicting proteinuria remission.

Results

Eighteen of 31 (58.1%) patients with non-genetic SRNS achieved complete remission without IIS, with a cumulative likelihood of 46.2% at 1 year and 57.7% at 2 years. Remission was sustained in 11 children, and only two progressed to kidney failure. In the genetic subgroup (n = 27), complete resolution of proteinuria occurred very rarely and was never sustained; 6 (21.7%) children progressed to kidney failure at 3 years. Almost all children (96.8%) received proteinuria-lowering renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) antagonist treatment. On antiproteinuric treatment, partial remission was achieved in 7 of 31 (22.6%) children with non-genetic SRNS and 9 of 27 children (33.3%) with genetic SRNS.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that spontaneous complete remission can occur in a substantial fraction of children with non-genetic SRNS and milder clinical phenotype. RAAS blockade increases the likelihood of partial remission of proteinuria in all forms of SRNS.

Graphical abstract
What do Members of Parliament in India Think of Robots? Validation of the Frankenstein Syndrome Questionnaire and Comparison with Other Population Groups
Authors: Bharatharaj Jaishankar , Sasthan Kutty Senthil Kumar , Munisamy Achudhan , Krägeloh Christian U.
Published: October 2022

India is the second largest country in the world in terms of population and thus a considerable market for potential future robot applications as well as a location for manufacturing and production. While work has started to explore attitudes towards robots, very little is known about the perceptions of robots in India, particularly of political leaders who have the ability to effect rapid change. The present study administered the 30-item Frankenstein Syndrome Questionnaire to 31 Lok Sabha (Lower House) and Rajya Sabah (Upper House) members of the Indian Parliament (MPs) as well as doctors (n = 94), medical students (n = 493), and engineering students (n = 1104) for comparative purposes. Because no information had been available about the psychometric properties of the scale for use in India, a prior Rasch analysis explored the suitability of the commonly used five-factor model. The five subscales did not possess sufficient reliability, and a more psychometrically robust 26-item two-factor model (positive and negative attitudes) was utilized instead. The results revealed a higher degree of positive attitudes in MPs and doctors as compared to the two student groups. Negative attitudes, on the other hand, were strongest in doctors, followed by students. MPs had significantly less negative views compared to all other comparison groups. This study provides valuable insights into attitudes towards robots in India. In general, MPs appear to have more favourable views than comparison groups in India. A slightly shorter and more parsimonious version of the Frankenstein Syndrome Questionnaire has now also been proposed, with improved psychometric properties.
Research and application of acid fracturing stimulation mechanism in ultra-deep subsalt dolomite reservoir in Tarim Basin
Authors: Liu Jiangyu , Zhao Jinming , Qin Shiyong , Zhang Nanlin , Ren Dengfeng , Luo Zhifeng , Xie Yaozeng
Published: October 2022

Deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs are the focus of exploration and development in future. However, the problems of high pressures in the treatment process, a limited effective etching distance of acid, great acid leak-off, and poor adaptability of the acid system are encountered in this type of oil and gas reservoir. The mechanism of acid fracturing stimulation under different processes and parameters is not clear. Aiming at these issues, the treatment schemes, process optimization, parameter optimization, and liquid system screening are studied in this paper, try to clarify the acid fracturing stimulation mechanism, and the following conclusions are drawn: The acid network fracturing could activate natural fracture to generate a complex fracture network to the greatest extent, and thereby a high output could be achieved; By using of weighted fracturing fluid, the wellhead injection pressure, as well as the performance of equipment required, could be effectively reduced; With 20% gelling acid and 20% retarded acid system, the non-uniform etching could be realized to improve the effective etching distance of acid liquid. The conclusions in this paper shed light on the acid fracturing treatment of deep and ultra-deep carbonate rocks.
Die aktuelle Situation der kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Versorgung in Österreich im niedergelassenen Bereich
Authors: Koubek Doris , Krönke Helmut , Karwautz Andreas
Published: October 2022

Die kinder- und jugendpsychiatrische Versorgungslage in Österreich ist noch unvollständig und im Aufbau seit das Sonderfach gegründet wurde. Die Coronapandemie führt zu einem weiter erhöhten Versorgungsdruck auf die bestehenden Strukturen.

In dieser Arbeit soll der Status quo in der ambulanten Versorgung im niedergelassenen kassenärztlichen Bereich erhoben und zusammengefasst werden. Ein IST-Soll Vergleich soll die Defizite und Entwicklungsnotwendigkeiten aktuell dokumentieren.

Die 9 Bundesländer Österreichs sind bisher unterschiedlich weit in der Umsetzung einer Gesamtversorgung. Wir schließen mit Empfehlungen zur Umsetzung.
Francisco De Vitoria on the Nature and Source of Civil Authority
Authors: Osborne Thomas M.
Published: October 2022

Readers have found at least two distinct and perhaps contradictory accounts of civil authority in the works of Francisco de Vitoria, and some hold that Vitoria himself holds contradictory positions. This article argues that Vitoria holds one consistent position, namely, that civil power is based on a necessity that is rooted in human nature, and in particular on the final cause of human life, and not on a necessity that is a result of any historical decision or process on its own. Rulers receive from the community their authority, which is a power to act on behalf of that community. Scholars have failed to consider how Vitoria's understanding of civil power is Aristotelian and Thomistic to the extent that it is based on the thesis that the political community is natural in a way similar to how families and individuals are natural.
Jerome of Moray: a Scottish Dominican and the evolution of Parisian music theory 1220–1280
Authors: MEWS CONSTANT J.
Published: October 2022

This article examines the Tractatus de musica of Jerome of Moray (‘de Moravia’), affirming his Scottish identity, as proposed by Michel Huglo in 1994. It argues that the Tractatus de musica presents an important overview of Parisian music theory in the thirteenth century, relating to both chant and mensurable music in that century, because it combines the views of several generations: the Positio discantus vulgaris, which he says was used ‘among the nations’; the De mensurabili musica of John of Garland, who corrected its deficiencies; and the treatises of Franco of Cologne and Petrus Picardus. It considers Jerome's career in three phases: his exposure to music and music theory in Scotland; his studies in Paris, most likely under John of Garland, perhaps at the cathedral school of Notre-Dame; and his involvement in the liturgical reforms within the Dominican Order, implemented by its Master, Humbert of Romans in 1256. Rather than assigning Franco's Ars cantus mensurabilis to 1280 (as proposed by Wolf Frobenius) and Jerome's Tractatus to sometime after this, I suggest that Jerome was exposed to John of Garland's teaching in the 1240s and that the Franconian system may have started to gain ground in the 1250s. Jerome compiled his Tractatus over a period of time, adding an excerpt about cosmic music from the commentary of Thomas Aquinas on Aristotle's De caelo perhaps as early as 1271 or 1272, in response to the criticisms of John of Garland and his followers being made by Johannes de Grocheio.
Hidden colouration: deep metrical flexibility in Machaut
Authors: LAVACEK JUSTIN
Published: October 2022

This article introduces a metrical adaptation to the contrapunctus method of pitch reduction commonly used to analyse Ars Nova counterpoint. Expanding the medieval concept of colouration from the mensural to the metrical, my contrapuncti highlight the flexible toggling between perfect and imperfect groupings at various rhythmic levels in selected motets by Guillaume de Machaut (c.1300–77). The viewpoint advanced here assumes no a priori metrical grid to parse the musical surface, but rather allows the articulation of sonority, cadence and form to reveal a fluid and unique metrical grouping structure for each piece. With metrical emphases shown as inextricable from contrapuntal and harmonic ones, the metrical contrapunctus captures a more comprehensive picture of Machaut's musical language.
Multi‐Stage Evolution of the South Australian Craton: Petrological Constraints on the Architecture, Lithology, and Geochemistry of the Lithospheric Mantle
Authors: Sudholz Z. J. , Yaxley G. M. , Jaques A. L. , Cooper S. A. , Czarnota K. , Taylor W. R. , Chen J. , Knowles B. M.
Published: October 2022

To improve the understanding of the formation and evolution of the sub‐continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) underlying the South Australian Craton we have conducted a detailed petrological study on >3,000 mantle xenocrysts from 13 kimberlites emplaced across the craton. Pressure (P) and temperature (T) estimates on Cr diopside and garnet have been coupled with their chemical concentrations to constrain lithospheric thickness and chemo‐lithostratigraphy. We show that lithospheric thickness is greatest beneath the Gawler Craton, whereas thinner lithosphere occurs beneath the Adelaide Fold Belt. Mineral compositions highlight two litho‐chemical domains within the shallow and deep SCLM that are separated by a mid‐lithosphere discontinuity (MLD). The shallow SCLM (60–130 km) comprises low Cr2O3 lherzolite and wehrlite. Shallow SCLM xenocrysts record depleted and refertilized compositions enriched in light rare earth elements related to metasomatism by kimberlite or related melts. The mid‐lithosphere (130–160 km) is depleted in garnet and Cr diopside which may relate to a layer of pargasite lherzolite. The deep SCLM (>160 km) comprises high Cr2O3 lherzolite with elevated TiO2 and FeO. We interpret the litho‐chemical stratification of the SCLM to reflect a multi‐stage top‐down growth. The shallow SCLM reflects an amalgamation of Precambrian cratonic nuclei characterized by heterogeneity in geochemical enrichment and depletion. Interaction of the shallow SCLM with mantle plumes accreted melts along the paleo‐lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary, which now occurs as a MLD. The deep SCLM represents depleted mantle residue formed during mantle plume impingement and thickened during orogenesis. This domain has been metasomatized and refertilized by high‐T melts from the asthenosphere.
Seismicity, Fault Architecture, and Slip Mode of the Westernmost Gofar Transform Fault
Authors: Gong Jianhua , Fan Wenyuan
Published: October 2022

Oceanic transform faults accommodate plate motions through both seismic and aseismic slips. However, deformation partition and slip mode interaction at these faults remain elusive mainly limited by rare observations. We use 1‐year ocean bottom seismometer data collected in 2008 to detect and locate earthquakes at the westernmost Gofar transform fault. The ultra‐fast slipping rate of Gofar results in ∼30,000 earthquakes during the observational period, providing an excellent opportunity to investigate interrelations between the slip mode, seismicity, and fault architecture at an unprecedented resolution. Earthquake distribution indicates that the ∼100‐km‐long Gofar transform fault is distinctly segmented into five zones, including one zone contouring a M6 earthquake that was captured by the experiment. Further, a barrier zone east of the M6 earthquake hosted abundant foreshocks preceding the M6 event and halted its active seismicity afterward. The barrier zone has two layers of earthquakes at depth, and they responded to the M6 earthquake differently. Additionally, a zone connecting to the East Pacific Rise had quasi‐periodic earthquake swarms. The seismicity segmentation suggests that the Gofar fault has multiple slip modes occurring in adjacent fault patches. Spatiotemporal characteristics of the earthquakes suggest that complex fault architecture and fluid–rock interaction play primary roles in modulating the slip modes at Gofar, possibly involving multiple concurrent physical processes.
Convection Self‐Aggregation in CNRM‐CM6‐1: Equilibrium and Transition Sensitivity to Surface Temperature
Authors: Coppin D. , Roehrig R.
Published: October 2022

This study investigates the spontaneous self‐aggregation of convection in non‐rotating Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium (RCE) simulations performed by the CNRM‐CM6‐1 General Circulation Model within the framework of the RCE Model Intercomparison Project (RCEMIP). In this model, the level of convection self‐aggregation at equilibrium, as quantified by metrics based on moisture or moist static energy, strongly increases with sea surface temperature (SST). As it gets warmer, the troposphere gets drier, high cloud cover diminishes in dry regions, the top of high cloud rises and their thickness increases in moist regions, and low‐cloud cover increases. At high SSTs, the large‐scale circulation exhibits a shallow component, stronger than its deep counterpart. The transition toward self‐aggregation has a similar first 20‐day phase for all SSTs within the 295–305 K range. It primarily involves radiative positive feedback processes. Then, for SSTs above approximately 298 K, a new, slower, transition toward higher levels of self‐aggregation occurs. It is concomitant with a shift from a top‐heavy to a more bottom‐heavy large‐scale circulation, a strengthening of the shallow circulation and a reduced mobility of convective aggregates. This second transition is mostly driven by the dry regions, still involves longwave radiative positive feedbacks, but also advective positive feedbacks in the driest regions. It is argued that boundary‐layer radiative cooling difference between moist and dry regions, which is stronger at high SSTs, is instrumental in this second phase of self‐aggregation. The sensitivity of deep convection to environmental dry air also likely acts as a positive feedback on the system.
Volcanically hosted venting with indications of ultramafic influence at Aurora hydrothermal field on Gakkel Ridge
Authors: German Christopher R. , Reeves Eoghan P. , Türke Andreas , Diehl Alexander , Albers Elmar , Bach Wolfgang , Purser Autun , Ramalho Sofia P. , Suman Stefano , Mertens Christian , Walter Maren , Ramirez-Llodra Eva , Schlindwein Vera , Bünz Stefan , Boetius Antje
Published: October 2022

The Aurora hydrothermal system, Arctic Ocean, hosts active submarine venting within an extensive field of relict mineral deposits. Here we show the site is associated with a neovolcanic mound located within the Gakkel Ridge rift-valley floor, but deep-tow camera and sidescan surveys reveal the site to be ≥100 m across—unusually large for a volcanically hosted vent on a slow-spreading ridge and more comparable to tectonically hosted systems that require large time-integrated heat-fluxes to form. The hydrothermal plume emanating from Aurora exhibits much higher dissolved CH4/Mn values than typical basalt-hosted hydrothermal systems and, instead, closely resembles those of high-temperature ultramafic-influenced vents at slow-spreading ridges. We hypothesize that deep-penetrating fluid circulation may have sustained the prolonged venting evident at the Aurora hydrothermal field with a hydrothermal convection cell that can access ultramafic lithologies underlying anomalously thin ocean crust at this ultraslow spreading ridge setting. Our findings have implications for ultra-slow ridge cooling, global marine mineral distributions, and the diversity of geologic settings that can host abiotic organic synthesis - pertinent to the search for life beyond Earth.
Multidimensional memory topography in the medial parietal cortex identified from neuroimaging of thousands of daily memory videos
Authors: Bainbridge Wilma A. , Baker Chris I.
Published: October 2022

Our memories form a tapestry of events, people, and places, woven across the decades of our lives. However, research has often been limited in assessing the nature of episodic memory by using artificial stimuli and short time scales. The explosion of social media enables new ways to examine the neural representations of naturalistic episodic memories, for features like the memory’s age, location, memory strength, and emotions. We recruited 23 users of a video diary app (“1 s Everyday”), who had recorded 9266 daily memory videos spanning up to 7 years. During a 3 T fMRI scan, participants viewed 300 of their memory videos intermixed with 300 from another individual. We find that memory features are tightly interrelated, highlighting the need to test them in conjunction, and discover a multidimensional topography in medial parietal cortex, with subregions sensitive to a memory’s age, strength, and the familiarity of the people and places involved.
High-speed, scanned laser structuring of multi-layered eco/bioresorbable materials for advanced electronic systems
Authors: Yang Quansan , Hu Ziying , Seo Min-Ho , Xu Yameng , Yan Ying , Hsu Yen-Hao , Berkovich Jaime , Lee Kwonjae , Liu Tzu-Li , McDonald Samantha , Nie Haolin , Oh Hannah , Wu Mingzheng , Kim Jin-Tae , Miller Stephen A. , Jia Ying , Butun Serkan , Bai Wubin , Guo Hexia , Choi Junhwan , Banks Anthony , Ray Wilson Z. , Kozorovitskiy Yevgenia , Becker Matthew L. , Pet Mitchell A. , MacEwan Matthew R. , Chang Jan-Kai , Wang Heling , Huang Yonggang , Rogers John A.
Published: October 2022

Physically transient forms of electronics enable unique classes of technologies, ranging from biomedical implants that disappear through processes of bioresorption after serving a clinical need to internet-of-things devices that harmlessly dissolve into the environment following a relevant period of use. Here, we develop a sustainable manufacturing pathway, based on ultrafast pulsed laser ablation, that can support high-volume, cost-effective manipulation of a diverse collection of organic and inorganic materials, each designed to degrade by hydrolysis or enzymatic activity, into patterned, multi-layered architectures with high resolution and accurate overlay registration. The technology can operate in patterning, thinning and/or cutting modes with (ultra)thin eco/bioresorbable materials of different types of semiconductors, dielectrics, and conductors on flexible substrates. Component-level demonstrations span passive and active devices, including diodes and field-effect transistors. Patterning these devices into interconnected layouts yields functional systems, as illustrated in examples that range from wireless implants as monitors of neural and cardiac activity, to thermal probes of microvascular flow, and multi-electrode arrays for biopotential sensing. These advances create important processing options for eco/bioresorbable materials and associated electronic systems, with immediate applicability across nearly all types of bioelectronic studies.
MIR retrotransposons link the epigenome and the transcriptome of coding genes in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Telonis Aristeidis G. , Yang Qin , Huang Hsuan-Ting , Figueroa Maria E.
Published: October 2022

DNMT3A and IDH1/2 mutations combinatorically regulate the transcriptome and the epigenome in acute myeloid leukemia; yet the mechanisms of this interplay are unknown. Using a systems approach within topologically associating domains, we find that genes with significant expression-methylation correlations are enriched in signaling and metabolic pathways. The common denominator across these methylation-regulated genes is the density in MIR retrotransposons of their introns. Moreover, a discrete number of CpGs overlapping enhancers are responsible for regulating most of these genes. Established mouse models recapitulate the dependency of MIR-rich genes on the balanced expression of epigenetic modifiers, while projection of leukemic profiles onto normal hematopoiesis ones further consolidates the dependencies of methylation-regulated genes on MIRs. Collectively, MIR elements on genes and enhancers are susceptible to changes in DNA methylation activity and explain the cooperativity of proteins in this pathway in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.