bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Core‐Mantle Boundary Dynamic Topography: Influence of Postperovskite Viscosity
Authors: Deschamps Frédéric , Li Yang
Published: August 2019

Core‐mantle boundary (CMB) topography may provide useful hints on the deep mantle thermochemical structure, as clusters of thermal plumes and piles of chemically differentiated material, which are usually proposed as end‐member explanations for the large low shear‐wave velocity regions observed in the deep mantle, have different actions on this topography. CMB topography is further sensitive to several parameters, including mantle viscosity and its variations with thermal and compositional changes. Here we assess the influence of the postperovskite (pPv) phase viscosity on deep mantle dynamics and on CMB topography. We perform numerical simulations of thermal and thermochemical convection in spherical geometry, varying the ratio between pPv and bridgmanite viscosities, ΔηpPv, between 1 (regular pPv) and 10−3 (weak pPv). Thermochemical structures are dominated by smaller‐scale wavelengths (spherical harmonic degrees 3 to 6) and are more stable in weak than in regular pPv models. The amplitude of CMB topography is reduced by about a factor of 2 as ΔηpPv changes from 1 to 10−3, mostly due to a sharp drop in the depressions induced by downwellings reaching the CMB. By contrast, the topographies induced by plumes clusters and thermochemical piles are mostly unaffected. For all the values of ΔηpPv we tested, long‐wavelength CMB topography and reconstructed shear‐wave tomography are anticorrelated in purely thermal models, and correlated in thermochemical models with strong chemical density contrast (ΔρC = 140 kg/m3). In models with smaller density contrast (ΔρC = 90 kg/m3), topography and tomography are anticorrelated at ΔηpPv = 1, but correlated at ΔηpPv = 10−3.
The Summertime Precipitation Bias in E3SM Atmosphere Model Version 1 over the Central United States
Authors: Zheng X. , Golaz J.‐C. , Xie S. , Tang Q. , Lin W. , Zhang M. , Ma H.‐Y. , Roesler E. L.
Published: August 2019

This study analyzes the summertime precipitation bias over the Central United States and its relationship to the simulated large‐scale environment and the convection scheme in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model Atmosphere Model version 1. This relationship is mainly examined in a set of short‐term hindcasts initialized with realistic large‐scale conditions for the summer of 2011. Besides the uniform 1° model resolution, we adopt Regionally Refined Meshes to increase the model resolution to 0.25° over the contiguous United States. Additional five‐year Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project simulations are conducted to confirm that the results from the hindcasts are consistent with the climate runs. We find that the summertime dry precipitation bias over the Great Plains and the wet bias over the Rockies cannot be reduced simultaneously by changing resolution or tuning parameters. As for the diurnal cycle, Energy Exascale Earth System Model Atmosphere Model version 1 captures the general diurnal variation of the large‐scale moisture transport and the large‐scale upward motion over the Central United States. However, the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the Great Plains is out of phase with the diurnal variation of the large‐scale environment because the convective precipitation dominates the total precipitation and its diurnal cycle, and it does not directly respond to the local moisture convergence and the large‐scale upward motion. These results reemphasize the importance of improving the coupling of the convection to the large‐scale environment in reducing the summer precipitation bias over the Central United States in climate models with the resolution of ~0.25°.
Production of seedable Amyloid-β peptides in model of prion diseases upon PrPSc-induced PDK1 overactivation
Authors: Ezpeleta Juliette , Baudouin Vincent , Arellano-Anaya Zaira E. , Boudet-Devaud François , Pietri Mathéa , Baudry Anne , Haeberlé Anne-Marie , Bailly Yannick , Kellermann Odile , Launay Jean-Marie , Schneider Benoit
Published: August 2019

The presence of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in the brain of some individuals with Creutzfeldt-Jakob or Gertsmann-Straussler-Scheinker diseases suggests that pathogenic prions (PrPSc) would have stimulated the production and deposition of Aβ peptides. We here show in prion-infected neurons and mice that deregulation of the PDK1-TACE α-secretase pathway reduces the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) α-cleavage in favor of APP β-processing, leading to Aβ40/42 accumulation. Aβ predominates as monomers, but is also found as trimers and tetramers. Prion-induced Aβ peptides do not affect prion replication and infectivity, but display seedable properties as they can deposit in the mouse brain only when seeds of Aβ trimers are co-transmitted with PrPSc. Importantly, brain Aβ deposition accelerates death of prion-infected mice. Our data stress that PrPSc, through deregulation of the PDK1-TACE-APP pathway, provokes the accumulation of Aβ, a prerequisite for the onset of an Aβ seeds-induced Aβ pathology within a prion-infectious context.
Split spawning increases robustness of coral larval supply and inter-reef connectivity
Authors: Hock Karlo , Doropoulos Christopher , Gorton Rebecca , Condie Scott A. , Mumby Peter J.
Published: August 2019

Many habitat-building corals undergo mass synchronous spawning events. Yet, despite the enormous amounts of larvae produced, larval dispersal from a single spawning event and the reliability of larval supply are highly dependent on vagaries of ocean currents. However, colonies from the same population will occasionally spawn over successive months. These split spawning events likely help to realign reproduction events to favourable environmental conditions. Here, we show that split spawning may benefit corals by increasing the reliability of larval supply. By modelling the dispersal of coral larvae across Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, we find that split spawning increased the diversity of sources and reliability of larval supply the reefs could receive, especially in regions with low and intrinsically variable connectivity. Such increased larval supply might help counteract the expected declines in reproductive success associated with split spawning events.
A biomimetic 2D transistor for audiomorphic computing
Authors: Das Sarbashis , Dodda Akhil , Das Saptarshi
Published: August 2019

In this article, we introduce a biomimetic audiomorphic device that captures the neurobiological architecture and computational map inside the auditory cortex of barn owl known for its exceptional hunting ability in complete darkness using auditory cues. The device consists of multiple split-gates with nanogaps on a semiconducting MoS2 channel connected to the source/drain contacts for imitating the spatial map of coincidence detector neurons and tunable RC circuits for imitating the interaural time delay neurons following the Jeffress model of sound localization. Furthermore, we use global back-gating capability to demonstrate neuroplasticity to capture behavioral and/or adaptation related changes in the barn owl. Finally, the virtual source model for current transport is combined with finite element COMSOL multiphysics simulations to explain and project the performance of the biomimetic audiomorphic device. We find that the precision of the biomimetic device can supersede the barn owl by orders of magnitude.
Expansion of a core regulon by transposable elements promotes Arabidopsis chemical diversity and pathogen defense
Authors: Barco Brenden , Kim Yoseph , Clay Nicole K.
Published: August 2019

Plants synthesize numerous ecologically specialized, lineage-specific metabolites through biosynthetic gene duplication and functional specialization. However, it remains unclear how duplicated genes are wired into existing regulatory networks. We show that the duplicated gene CYP82C2 has been recruited into the WRKY33 regulon and indole-3-carbonylnitrile (ICN) biosynthetic pathway through exaptation of a retroduplicated LINE retrotransposon (EPCOT3) into an enhancer. The stepwise development of a chromatin-accessible WRKY33-binding site on EPCOT3 has potentiated the regulatory neofunctionalization of CYP82C2 and the evolution of inducible defense metabolite 4-hydroxy-ICN in Arabidopsis thaliana. Although transposable elements (TEs) have long been recognized to have the potential to rewire regulatory networks, these results establish a more complete understanding of how duplicated genes and TEs contribute in concert to chemical diversity and pathogen defense.
Large-scale neuroanatomical study uncovers 198 gene associations in mouse brain morphogenesis
Authors: Collins Stephan C. , Mikhaleva Anna , Vrcelj Katarina , Vancollie Valerie E. , Wagner Christel , Demeure Nestor , Whitley Helen , Kannan Meghna , Balz Rebecca , Anthony Lauren F. E. , Edwards Andrew , Moine Hervé , White Jacqueline K. , Adams David J. , Reymond Alexandre , Lelliott Christopher J. , Webber Caleb , Yalcin Binnaz
Published: August 2019

Brain morphogenesis is an important process contributing to higher-order cognition, however our knowledge about its biological basis is largely incomplete. Here we analyze 118 neuroanatomical parameters in 1,566 mutant mouse lines and identify 198 genes whose disruptions yield NeuroAnatomical Phenotypes (NAPs), mostly affecting structures implicated in brain connectivity. Groups of functionally similar NAP genes participate in pathways involving the cytoskeleton, the cell cycle and the synapse, display distinct fetal and postnatal brain expression dynamics and importantly, their disruption can yield convergent phenotypic patterns. 17% of human unique orthologues of mouse NAP genes are known loci for cognitive dysfunction. The remaining 83% constitute a vast pool of genes newly implicated in brain architecture, providing the largest study of mouse NAP genes and pathways. This offers a complementary resource to human genetic studies and predict that many more genes could be involved in mammalian brain morphogenesis.
Automatic and feature-specific prediction-related neural activity in the human auditory system
Authors: Demarchi Gianpaolo , Sanchez Gaëtan , Weisz Nathan
Published: August 2019

Prior experience enables the formation of expectations of upcoming sensory events. However, in the auditory modality, it is not known whether prediction-related neural signals carry feature-specific information. Here, using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we examined whether predictions of future auditory stimuli carry tonotopic specific information. Participants passively listened to sound sequences of four carrier frequencies (tones) with a fixed presentation rate, ensuring strong temporal expectations of when the next stimulus would occur. Expectation of which frequency would occur was parametrically modulated across the sequences, and sounds were occasionally omitted. We show that increasing the regularity of the sequence boosts carrier-frequency-specific neural activity patterns during both the anticipatory and omission periods, indicating that prediction-related neural activity is indeed feature-specific. Our results illustrate that even without bottom-up input, auditory predictions can activate tonotopically specific templates.
Heavy screen users are the heaviest among 10,000 children
Authors: Engberg Elina , Figueiredo Rejane A. O. , Rounge Trine B. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Viljakainen Heli
Published: August 2019

This cross-sectional study examined the associations of recreational screen time (viewing TV programs on any screen-based device and computer use, performed while sitting) with body mass index (BMI) categories and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) tertiles in 10,228 children (mean age 11.1 years, SD 0.8). We categorized the children into Light, Medium and Heavy TV viewers and computer users, and into Low, Medium and High exercise groups. Compared with Light TV viewers, Medium (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.11–1.52, when adjusted for age, sex, language, sleep duration and exercise) and Heavy (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.34–1.83) TV viewers had a higher risk of being overweight. Similarly, Heavy computer users had a higher risk of being overweight (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.21–1.67). We observed interactions between exercise and TV viewing (p = 0.012) or computer use (p = 0.010). However, Heavy TV viewers had a higher risk of being overweight in all exercise groups. The associations of TV viewing and computer use were similar with BMI and WHtR. To conclude, heavy sedentary screen time is associated with overweight and central adiposity in children. Moreover, heavy TV viewers have a higher risk for overweight and central adiposity, regardless of weekly exercise duration.
Individual diversity between interdependent networks promotes the evolution of cooperation by means of mixed coupling
Authors: Liu Sicheng , Zhang Lin , Wang Baokui
Published: August 2019

Along with the rapid development of network-based information technology, such as cloud computing, big data, the IoT, and so on, human society has stepped into a new era of complex networks. People’s life and production activities depend more and more on various complex networks to ensure security and reliability. The complex interrelationships between human and nature establish a link to explain the cooperation of individual behaviour, especially for individual diversity. However, existing researches mostly ignore the influence of individual diversity on networks involved in individual behaviour to strategy selection. Therefore, it needs further research on how to consider both individual diversity and independent networks in the evolution of cooperative behaviour. To address this issue, we extend a simple game model into the interdependent networks through the mixed coupling (i.e., utility and probability) in this work. Also, we divide the kinds of strategic behaviour of a player in one layer concerning individual diversity. Moreover, there exists an optimal region of mixed coupling between networks such that cooperation can be promoted. Finally, experimental results can open the path to understanding the emergence and maintenance of cooperation within various interconnected and interrelated real-world systems newly.
Genome-wide screening of mouse knockouts reveals novel genes required for normal integumentary and oculocutaneous structure and function
Authors: Moore Bret A. , Flenniken Ann M. , Clary Dave , Moshiri Ata S. , Nutter Lauryl M. J. , Berberovic Zorana , Owen Celeste , Newbigging Susan , Adissu Hibret , Eskandarian Mohammad , McKerlie Colin ,   International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, Brown Steve , Wells Sara , Mallon Ann-Marie , Beaudet Arthur L. , de Angelis Martin Hrabe , Karp Natasha , Braun Bob , Herault Yann , Gao Xiang , Obata Yuichi , Flicek Paul , Meehan Terrence , Parkinson Helen , Smedley Damian , Seong J. K. , Tocchini-Valentini Glauco , Mammano Fabio , Thomasy Sara M. , Lloyd K. C. Kent , Murphy Christopher J. , Moshiri Ala
Published: August 2019

Oculocutaneous syndromes are often due to mutations in single genes. In some cases, mouse models for these diseases exist in spontaneously occurring mutations, or in mice resulting from forward mutatagenesis screens. Here we present novel genes that may be causative for oculocutaneous disease in humans, discovered as part of a genome-wide screen of knockout-mice in a targeted single-gene deletion project. The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) database (data release 10.0) was interrogated for all mouse strains with integument abnormalities, which were then cross-referenced individually to identify knockouts with concomitant ocular abnormalities attributed to the same targeted gene deletion. The search yielded 307 knockout strains from unique genes with integument abnormalities, 226 of which have not been previously associated with oculocutaneous conditions. Of the 307 knockout strains with integument abnormalities, 52 were determined to have ocular changes attributed to the targeted deletion, 35 of which represent novel oculocutaneous genes. Some examples of various integument abnormalities are shown, as well as two examples of knockout strains with oculocutaneous phenotypes. Each of the novel genes provided here are potentially relevant to the pathophysiology of human integumentary, or oculocutaneous conditions, such as albinism, phakomatoses, or other multi-system syndromes. The novel genes reported here may implicate molecular pathways relevant to these human diseases and may contribute to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
Sputtered Porous Li-Fe-P-O Film Cathodes Prepared by Radio Frequency Sputtering for Li-ion Microbatteries
Authors: Sugiawati V. A. , Vacandio F. , Perrin-Pellegrino C. , Galeyeva A. , Kurbatov A. P. , Djenizian T.
Published: August 2019

The increasing demands from micro-power applications call for the development of the electrode materials for Li-ion microbatteries using thin-film technology. Porous Olivine-type LiFePO4 (LFP) and NASICON-type Li3Fe2(PO4)3 have been successfully fabricated by radio frequency (RF) sputtering and post-annealing treatments of LFP thin films. The microstructures of the LFP films were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical performances of the LFP films were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements. The deposited and annealed thin film electrodes were tested as cathodes for Li-ion microbatteries. It was found that the electrochemical performance of the deposited films depends strongly on the annealing temperature. The films annealed at 500 °C showed an operating voltage of the porous LFP film about 3.45 V vs. Li/Li+ with an areal capacity of 17.9 µAh cm−2 µm−1 at C/5 rate after 100 cycles. Porous NASICON-type Li3Fe2(PO4)3 obtained after annealing at 700 °C delivers the most stable capacity of 22.1 µAh cm−2 µm−1 over 100 cycles at C/5 rate, with an operating voltage of 2.8 V vs. Li/Li+. The post-annealing treatment of sputtered LFP at 700 °C showed a drastic increase in the electrochemical reactivity of the thin film cathodes vs. Li+, leading to areal capacity ~9 times higher than as-deposited film (~27 vs. ~3 µAh cm−2 µm−1) at C/10 rate.
Plant chemical genetics reveals colistin sulphate as a SA and NPR1-independent PR1 inducer functioning via a p38-like kinase pathway
Authors: Halder Vivek , Suliman Mohamed N. S. , Kaschani Farnusch , Kaiser Markus
Published: August 2019

In plants, low-dose of exogenous bacterial cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) trigger transient membrane changes leading to activation of early and late defence responses. Here, a forward chemical genetics approach identifies colistin sulphate (CS) CLP as a novel plant defence inducer. CS uniquely triggers activation of the PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 1 (PR1) gene and resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) independently of the PR1 classical inducer, salicylic acid (SA) and the key SA-signalling protein, NON-EXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1). Low bioactive concentration of CS does not trigger activation of early defence markers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). However, it strongly suppresses primary root length elongation. Structure activity relationship (SAR) assays and mode-of-action (MoA) studies show the acyl chain and activation of a ∼46 kDa p38-like kinase pathway to be crucial for CS’ bioactivity. Selective pharmacological inhibition of the active p38-like kinase pathway by SB203580 reverses CS’ effects on PR1 activation and root length suppression. Our results with CS as a chemical probe highlight the existence of a novel SA- and NPR1-independent branch of PR1 activation functioning via a membrane-sensitive p38-like kinase pathway.
Prospective Validation of an Ex Vivo, Patient-Derived 3D Spheroid Model for Response Predictions in Newly Diagnosed Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Shuford Stephen , Wilhelm Christine , Rayner Melissa , Elrod Ashley , Millard Melissa , Mattingly Christina , Lotstein Alina , Smith Ashley M. , Guo Qi Jin , O’Donnell Lauren , Elder Jeffrey , Puls Larry , Weroha S. John , Hou Xiaonan , Zanfagnin Valentina , Nick Alpa , Stany Michael P. , Maxwell G. Larry , Conrads Thomas , Sood Anil K. , Orr David , Holmes Lillia M. , Gevaert Matthew , Crosswell Howland E. , DesRochers Teresa M.
Published: August 2019

Although 70–80% of newly diagnosed ovarian cancer patients respond to first-line therapy, almost all relapse and five-year survival remains below 50%. One strategy to increase five-year survival is prolonging time to relapse by improving first-line therapy response. However, no biomarker today can accurately predict individual response to therapy. In this study, we present analytical and prospective clinical validation of a new test that utilizes primary patient tissue in 3D cell culture to make patient-specific response predictions prior to initiation of treatment in the clinic. Test results were generated within seven days of tissue receipt from newly diagnosed ovarian cancer patients obtained at standard surgical debulking or laparoscopic biopsy. Patients were followed for clinical response to chemotherapy. In a study population of 44, the 32 test-predicted Responders had a clinical response rate of 100% across both adjuvant and neoadjuvant treated populations with an overall prediction accuracy of 89% (39 of 44, p < 0.0001). The test also functioned as a prognostic readout with test-predicted Responders having a significantly increased progression-free survival compared to test-predicted Non-Responders, p = 0.01. This correlative accuracy establishes the test’s potential to benefit ovarian cancer patients through accurate prediction of patient-specific response before treatment.
Effect of immunosuppression in miRNAs from extracellular vesicles of colorectal cancer and their influence on the pre-metastatic niche
Authors: Tubita Valeria , Segui-Barber Joan , Lozano Juan José , Banon-Maneus Elisenda , Rovira Jordi , Cucchiari David , Moya-Rull Daniel , Oppenheimer Federico , Del Portillo Hernando , Campistol Josep M. , Diekmann Fritz , Ramirez-Bajo Maria José , Revuelta Ignacio
Published: August 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC) occurs with more aggressiveness in kidney transplant recipients compared to the general population. Immunosuppressive therapy plays a crucial role in the development of post-transplant malignancy. Concretely, cyclosporine A (CsA) has intrinsic pro-oncologic properties, while several studies report a regression of cancer after the introduction of rapamycin (RAPA). However, their effect on the extracellular vesicle (EV) content from CRC cell lines and their relevance in the pre-metastatic niche have not yet been studied. Here, we investigated the effect of RAPA and CsA in EV-miRNAs from metastatic and non-metastatic CRC cell lines and the role of relevant miRNAs transferred into a pre-metastatic niche model. EV-miRNA profiles showed a significant upregulation of miR-6127, miR-6746-5p, and miR-6787-5p under RAPA treatment compared to CsA and untreated conditions in metastatic cell lines that were not observed in non-metastatic cells. From gene expression analysis of transfected lung fibroblasts, we identified 22 shared downregulated genes mostly represented by the histone family involved in chromatin organization, DNA packaging, and cell cycle. These results suggest that EV-miR-6127, miR-6746-5p and miR-6787-5p could be a potential epigenetic mechanism induced by RAPA therapy in the regulation of the pre-metastatic niche of post-transplant colorectal cancer.
Comparing human iPSC-cardiomyocytes versus HEK293T cells unveils disease-causing effects of Brugada mutation A735V of NaV1.5 sodium channels
Authors: de la Roche Jeanne , Angsutararux Paweorn , Kempf Henning , Janan Montira , Bolesani Emiliano , Thiemann Stefan , Wojciechowski Daniel , Coffee Michelle , Franke Annika , Schwanke Kristin , Leffler Andreas , Luanpitpong Sudjit , Issaragrisil Surapol , Fischer Martin , Zweigerdt Robert
Published: August 2019

Loss-of-function mutations of the SCN5A gene encoding for the sodium channel α-subunit NaV1.5 result in the autosomal dominant hereditary disease Brugada Syndrome (BrS) with a high risk of sudden cardiac death in the adult. We here engineered human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) carrying the CRISPR/Cas9 introduced BrS-mutation p.A735V-NaV1.5 (g.2204C > T in exon 14 of SCN5A) as a novel model independent of patient´s genetic background. Recent studies raised concern regarding the use of hiPSC-CMs for studying adult-onset hereditary diseases due to cells’ immature phenotype. To tackle this concern, long-term cultivation of hiPSC-CMs on a stiff matrix (27–42 days) was applied to promote maturation. Patch clamp recordings of A735V mutated hiPSC-CMs revealed a substantially reduced upstroke velocity and sodium current density, a prominent rightward shift of the steady state activation curve and decelerated recovery from inactivation as compared to isogenic hiPSC-CMs controls. These observations were substantiated by a comparative study on mutant A735V-NaV1.5 channels heterologously expressed in HEK293T cells. In contrast to mutated hiPSC-CMs, a leftward shift of sodium channel inactivation was not observed in HEK293T, emphasizing the importance of investigating mechanisms of BrS in independent systems. Overall, our approach supports hiPSC-CMs’ relevance for investigating channelopathies in a dish.
A miniaturized spectrometer for NMR relaxometry under extreme conditions
Authors: Tang Yiqiao , McCowan David , Song Yi-Qiao
Published: August 2019

With the advent of integrated electronics, microfabrication and novel chemistry, NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) methods, embodied in miniaturized spectrometers, have found profound uses in recent years that are beyond their conventional niche. In this work, we extend NMR relaxometry on a minute sample below 20 μL to challenging environment of 150 °C in temperature and 900 bar in pressure. Combined with a single-board NMR spectrometer, we further demonstrate multidimensional NMR relaxometries capable of resolving compositions of complex fluids. The confluence of HTHP (high-pressure high-temperature) capability, minimal sample volume, and reduced sensor envelop and power budget creates a new class of mobile NMR platforms, bringing the powerful analytical toolkit in a miniaturized footprint to extreme operating conditions.
β-amyloid pathology and hippocampal atrophy are independently associated with memory function in cognitively healthy elderly
Authors: Svenningsson Anna L. , Stomrud Erik , Insel Philip S. , Mattsson Niklas , Palmqvist Sebastian , Hansson Oskar
Published: August 2019

The independent effects of different brain pathologies on age-dependent cognitive decline are unclear. We examined this in 300 cognitively unimpaired elderly individuals from the BioFINDER study. Using cognition as outcome we studied the effects of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for amyloid-β (Aβ42/40), neuroinflammation (YKL-40), and neurodegeneration and tau pathology (T-tau and P-tau) as well as MRI measures of white-matter lesions, hippocampal volume (HV), and regional cortical thickness. We found that Aβ positivity and HV were independently associated with memory. Results differed depending on age, with memory being associated with HV (but not Aβ) in older participants (73.3–88.4 years), and with Aβ (but not HV) in relatively younger participants (65.2–73.2 years). This indicates that Aβ and atrophy are independent contributors to memory variability in cognitively healthy elderly and that Aβ mainly affects memory in younger elderly individuals. With advancing age, the effect of brain atrophy overshadows the effect of Aβ on memory function.
Altered immune parameters associated with Koala Retrovirus (KoRV) and Chlamydial infection in free ranging Victorian koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)
Authors: Maher Iona E. , Patterson Jade , Curnick Megan , Devlin Joanne , Higgins Damien P.
Published: August 2019

Koala Retrovirus (KoRV) has been widely speculated to cause immune suppression in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) and to underlie the koala’s susceptibility to infectious disease, however evidence for immunomodulation is limited. The aim of this study is to determine whether immunophenotypic changes are associated with KoRV infection in free ranging Victorian koalas. qPCR was used to examine mRNA expression for Th1 (IFNγ), Th2-promoting (IL6, IL10) and Th17 (IL17A) cytokines, along with CD4 and CD8 in whole blood of koalas (n = 74) from Mt Eccles and Raymond Island in Victoria, Australia, with and without natural chlamydial infection. KoRV positive koalas had significantly lower levels of IL17A (p`0.023) and IFNγ (p = 0.044) gene expression along with a decreased CD4:CD8 gene expression ratio (p = 0.025) compared to negative koalas. No effect of chlamydial infection or combined effect of KoRV and chlamydial infection was detected in these populations. The decreased expression of IFNγ could make KoRV infected koalas more susceptible to persistent chlamydial infection, and a decrease in IL17A could make them more susceptible to gram negative bacterial, fungal and mycobacterial infection; but more tolerant of chlamydial infection.
Sexually dimorphic leanness and hypermobility in p16Ink4a/CDKN2A-deficient mice coincides with phenotypic changes in the cerebellum
Authors: Kim Kwang H. , Cho Yejin , Lee Jaehoon , Jeong Haengdueng , Lee Yura , Kim Soo In , Kim Chang-Hoon , Lee Han-Woong , Nam Ki Taek
Published: August 2019

p16Ink4a/CDKN2A is a tumor suppressor that critically regulates the cell cycle. Indeed, p16Ink4a deficiency promotes tumor formation in various tissues. We now report that p16Ink4a deficiency in female mice, but not male mice, induces leanness especially in old age, as indicated by lower body weight and smaller white adipose tissue, although other major organs are unaffected. Unexpectedly, the integrity, number, and sizes of adipocytes in white adipose tissue were unaffected, as was macrophage infiltration. Hence, hypermobility appeared to be accountable for the phenotype, since food consumption was not altered. Histological analysis of the cerebellum and deep cerebellar nuclei, a vital sensorimotor control center, revealed increased proliferation of neuronal cells and improved cerebellum integrity. Expression of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and PCNA also increased in deep cerebellar nuclei, implying crosstalk between p16Ink4a and ERβ. Furthermore, p16Ink4a deficiency expands LC3B+ cells and GFAP+ astrocytes in response to estrogen. Collectively, the data suggest that loss of p16INK4a induces sexually dimorphic leanness in female mice, which appears to be due to protection against cerebellar senescence by promoting neuronal proliferation and homeostasis via ERβ.
CrI3-WTe2: A Novel Two-Dimensional Heterostructure as Multisensor for BrF3 and COCL2 Toxic Gases
Authors: Bano Amreen , Krishna Jyoti , Maitra Tulika , Gaur N. K.
Published: August 2019

A new multisensor (i.e. resistive and magnetic) CrI3-WTe2 heterostructure (HS) to detect the toxic gases BrF3 and COCl2 (Phosgene) has been theoretically studied in our present investigation. The HS has demonstrated sensitivity towards both the gases by varying its electronic and magnetic properties when gas molecule interacts with the HS. Fast recovery time (<0.14 fs) under UV radiation has been observed. We have considered two configurations of BrF3 adsorbed HS; (1) when F ion interacts with HS (C1) and (2) when Br ion interacts with HS (C2). In C1 case the adsorption energy Ead is observed to be −0.66 eV while in C2 it is −0.95 eV. On the other hand in case of COCl2Ead is found to be −0.42 eV. Magnetic moments of atoms are also found to vary upon gas adsorption indicates the suitability of the HS as a magnetic gas sensor. Our observations suggest the suitability of CrI3-WTe2 HS to respond detection of the toxic gases like BrF3 and COCl2.
Hyperbolic plasmon–phonon dispersion on group velocity reversal and tunable spontaneous emission in graphene–ferroelectric substrate
Authors: Debu Desalegn T. , Ladani Faezeh Tork , French David , Bauman Stephen J. , Herzog Joseph B.
Published: August 2019

This work presents a new substrate platform, which provides tunability of the group velocity and spontaneous emission of a dipolar scatterer graphene–ferroelectric slab hybrid system in the terahertz ranges. We use analytical models to determine the hybridization of graphene surface plasmon and ferroelectric LiNbO3 type I and type II reststrahlen hyperbolic phonon–polariton. The variation of the chemical potential of graphene and the thickness of the ferroelectric layer results in several distinct features. Flipping the group velocity, strongly coupled hybrid hyperbolic surface plasmon–polaritons, and surface plasmon–polariton mode exists for the same momentum at different frequencies. The group velocity sign reversal for both a single-graphene- and double-graphene-integrated system depends on the thickness of the hyperbolic layer and the chemical potential of graphene. Comparative analysis of Purcell radiation is presented for a quantum emitter positioned at different locations between ferroelectric and graphene-integrated ferroelectric layers, revealing that this system can support strong spontaneous emission that can be modulated with the graphene chemical potential. Changing the chemical potential through selective voltage biasing demonstrates a substantial increase or decrease in the decay rate for spontaneous emission. Further analysis of the emission phenomenon shows a dependence on factors, such as the relative radiating source position and the thickness of the ferroelectric film. These characteristics make graphene–ferroelectric materials promising candidates to modify the light–matter interaction at the low terahertz ranges.
Turning bulk materials into 0D, 1D and 2D metallic nanomaterials by selective aqueous corrosion
Authors: Fang Liang , Feng Jing Jing , Shi Xiaobin , Si Tingzhi , Song Yun , Jia Hong , Li Yongtao , Li Hai-Wen , Zhang Qingan
Published: August 2019

A selective aqueous corrosion strategy was proposed for synthesizing low-dimensional nanometals through the dealloying of aqueous-favoring metals from their bulk alloys.
Low valent lead hydride chemistry: hydroplumbylation of phenylacetylene and 1,1-dimethylallene
Authors: Weiß Sebastian , Schubert Hartmut , Wesemann Lars
Published: August 2019

Hydroplumbylation reactions with a low valent organolead hydride are presented.
Investigations on growth intensification of p-toluamide crystals based on growth rate analysis and molecular simulation
Authors: Wu Hao , Wang Jingkang , Li Fei , Liu Qi , Zong Shuyi , Bi Jingtao , Wang Na , Shan Guoqiang , Hao Hongxun
Published: August 2019

Growth intensification of p-toluamide was studied and the molecular mechanism underlying the promoting effect of additives like benzoic acid was revealed.
NMR shifts in aluminosilicate glasses via machine learning
Authors: Chaker Ziyad , Salanne Mathieu , Delaye Jean-Marc , Charpentier Thibault
Published: August 2019

Machine learning (ML) approaches are investigated for the prediction of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) shifts in aluminosilicate glasses, for which NMR has proven to be a cutting-edge method over the last decade.
New light on an old debate: does the RCN–PtCl2 bond include any back-donation? RCN←PtCl2 backbonding vs. the IR νCN blue-shift dichotomy in organonitriles–platinum(ii) complexes. A thorough density functional theory – energy decomposition analysis study
Authors: Casella Girolamo , Fonseca Guerra Célia , Carlotto Silvia , Sgarbossa Paolo , Bertani Roberta , Casarin Maurizio
Published: August 2019

Disentagling the RCN←PtII π back-donation vs. νCN blue-shift dichotomy in organonitrile-PtII complexes.
Synthesis and characterization of novel 7-oxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin substituted metallo phthalocyanines and investigation of their photophysical and photochemical properties
Authors: Özdemir Mücahit , Karapınar Begümhan , Yalçın Bahattin , Salan Ümit , Durmuş Mahmut , Bulut Mustafa
Published: August 2019

Coumarin functionalized metallo phthalocyanines shows increased singlet oxygen quantum yields when included lipophilic groups.
Americium incorporation into studtite: a theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Biswas Saptarshi , Edwards Samuel J. , Wang Zheming , Si Hang , Vintró Luis León , Twamley Brendan , Kowalski Piotr M. , Baker Robert J.
Published: August 2019

Reactions of [AmO2]+with [UO2(η2-O2)(H2O)2]·2H2O have been examined and the Am is reduced to Am(iii). Leaching experiments show that Am(iii) can be easily removed and a computational study sheds light on the mechanism and incorporation energies.
Trace element and organic matter mobility impacted by Fe3O4-nanoparticle surface coating within wetland soil
Authors: Al-Sid-Cheikh Maya , Pédrot Mathieu , Dia Aline , Davranche Mélanie , Jeanneau Laurent , Petitjean Patrice , Bouhnik-Le Coz Martine , Cormier Marc-André , Grasset Fabien
Published: August 2019

Mobility of nFe3O4@DMSA within natural soil is higher than uncoated nFe3O4 which impacts differently the mobility of TEs and NOM.
Centrifugal fractionation of softwood extracts improves the biorefinery workflow and yields functional emulsifiers
Authors: Valoppi Fabio , Lahtinen Maarit H. , Bhattarai Mamata , Kirjoranta Satu J. , Juntti Venla K. , Peltonen Leena J. , Kilpeläinen Petri O. , Mikkonen Kirsi S.
Published: August 2019

Centrifuging softwood extracts separated the hemicellulose-rich fraction and lignin-rich micro- and nanoparticles. The hemicellulose-rich fraction and lignin-rich nanoparticles formed stable emulsions.
Correction: Studies on the DNA binding and anticancer activity of Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes by using a (2-(4-(diethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10] phenanthroline)) intercalative ligand
Authors: Vuradi Ravi Kumar , Dandu Kamakshi , Yata Praveen Kumar , M. Vinoda Rani , Mallepally Rajender Reddy , Chintakuntla Nagamani , Ch. Ravi , Thakur Suman S. , Mohan Rao Ch. , S. Satyanarayana
Published: August 2019

Correction for ‘Studies on the DNA binding and anticancer activity of Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes by using a (2-(4-(diethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10] phenanthroline)) intercalative ligand’ by Ravi Kumar Vuradi et al., New J. Chem., 2018, 42, 846–859.
Glioma-targeted dual functionalized thermosensitive Ferri-liposomes for drug delivery through an in vitro blood–brain barrier
Authors: Shi Di , Mi Gujie , Shen Yan , Webster Thomas J.
Published: August 2019

With the combination of thermosensitive liposome and an external AMF, SPIONs inside the liposome can therefore transform the electromagnetic energy to heat and trigger drug release at desired temperature.
Gold adatoms modulate sulfur adsorption on gold
Authors: Carro Pilar , Salvarezza Roberto C.
Published: August 2019

Sulfur adsorption on Au(111) at high coverage has been studied by density functional calculations.
Facile and versatile access to substituted hexabenzoovalene derivatives: characterization and optoelectronic properties
Authors: Wang Lijiao , Hao Wei , Han Yanbing , Shi Yamei , Li Shuzhou , Zhang Chunfang , Xiao Jinchong
Published: August 2019

We describe the modular preparation and photophysical properties of some substituted hexabenzoovalenes (SHBO) and the key precursor dinaphthopyrenes (3).
Reactive oxygen species-responsive nanoparticles based on a thioketal-containing poly(β-amino ester) for combining photothermal/photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy
Authors: Chen Bowei , Zhang Yajun , Ran Ruixue , Wang Bin , Qin Furong , Zhang Tao , Wan Guoyun , Chen Hongli , Wang Yinsong
Published: August 2019

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanoparticles based on a thioketal-containing poly(β-amino ester) show great potential for cancer photodynamic therapy.
Highly efficient and selective hydroboration of terminal and internal alkynes catalysed by a cobalt(ii) coordination polymer
Authors: Zhang Guoqi , Li Sihan , Wu Jing , Zeng Haisu , Mo Zixuan , Davis Keziah , Zheng Shengping
Published: August 2019

Selective hydroboration of terminal and internal alkynes is catalysed using a CoII-coordination polymer precatalyst with TOFs of up to 47 520 h−1.
Functionalized gold nanostructures: promising gene delivery vehicles in cancer treatment
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Diwan Anchita , Singh Parinita , Gulati Shikha , Choudhary Devanshu , Mongia Ayush , Shukla Shefali , Gupta Akanksha
Published: August 2019

Various functions of gold nanoparticles in conjugation with nucleic acids.
Second-order isothermal reaction in a semi-batch reactor: modeling, exact analytical solution, and experimental verification
Authors: Kord Mana , Nematollahzadeh Ali , Mirzayi Behruz
Published: August 2019

Mathematical model of a semi-batch reactor (SBR) can be employed for tuning the concentration or flow rate of the external-feed of reactants, to control the reaction conditions and product properties.
Threading carbon nanotubes through a self-assembled nanotube
Authors: Ji Mingyang , Mason McKensie L. , Modarelli David A. , Parquette Jon R.
Published: August 2019

Achieving the co-assembly of more than one component represents an important challenge in the drive to create functional self-assembled nanomaterials.
Droplet clustering in cyclodextrin-based emulsions mediated by methylcellulose
Authors: Xu Hua-Neng , Chu Cailing , Wang Li , Zhang Lianfu
Published: August 2019

Glass-like dynamic arrest takes place with the formation of small equilibrium droplet clusters in cyclodextrin-based emulsions mediated by methylcellulose.
Predicting the reactivity of energetic materials: an ab initio multi-phonon approach
Authors: Michalchuk Adam A. L. , Trestman Morris , Rudić Svemir , Portius Peter , Fincham Peter T. , Pulham Colin R. , Morrison Carole A.
Published: August 2019

The impact sensitivity of energetic materials is successfully predicted using an ab initio model based on the concepts of phonon up-pumping.
Achieving high energy density in a 4.5 V all nitrogen-doped graphene based lithium-ion capacitor
Authors: Wang Ronghua , Zhao Qiannan , Zheng Weikang , Ren Zongling , Hu Xiaolin , Li Jing , Lu Li , Hu Ning , Molenda Janina , Liu Xingjiang , Xu Chaohe
Published: August 2019

A 4.5 V “dual carbon” LIC device is constructed based on all nitrogen doped graphene nanostructures. It could achieve an ultrahigh energy density of 187.9 W h kg−1 at a high power density of 2250 W kg−1 due to the alleviating kinetic mismatch.
Pixel-free capacitive touch sensor using a single-layer ion gel
Authors: Park Byoung Joon , Oh Seungwoo , Kim Felix Sunjoo , Chang Suk Tai
Published: August 2019

A single-layer ion gel based capacitive touch sensor is presented.
The roles of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in cryopreservation
Authors: Len Jia Soon , Koh Wen Shuo Darius , Tan Shi-Xiong
Published: August 2019

Cryopreservation has facilitated advancement of biological research by allowing the storage of cells over prolonged periods of time. While cryopreservation at extremely low temperatures would render cells metabolically inactive, cells suffer insults during the freezing and thawing process. Among such insults, the generation of supra-physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) could impair cellular functions and survival. Antioxidants are potential additives that were reported to partially or completely reverse freeze-thaw stress-associated impairments. This review aims to discuss the potential sources of cryopreservation-induced ROS and the effectiveness of antioxidant administration when used individually or in combination.
Radar high‐resolution range profile recognition via multi‐SV method
Authors: Li Long , Jiang Jie , Liu Zheng
Published: August 2019

The radar high‐resolution range profile (HRRP) is of great significance for target recognition in the ground compound environment. As two essential processes of HRRP target recognition, discrimination and classification performance improvement are studied in this study. A novel target recognition method is designed, denoted by multiple support vector (SV) method. In the training phase, a multiple correlate SV model is constructed, which separates the multi‐target feature space into several central‐coherence distributed regions. Each region has been described by the modified SV method, and the category determination is based on the description of multiple regions. This method can overcome the issues of both outlier discrimination and targets classification. Due to the hierarchical process in the testing phase, this method needs less memory and calculation to fit the practical radar target recognition task. Finally, the experiment based on the measured data verifies the excellent performance of this method.
EMLR for multiple radars on a mobile platform
Authors: Wang Jun , Ma Shuheng , Zhang Yuxi , Wei Shaoming , Wu Zhichang
Published: August 2019

Aiming at the problem of radar sensor registration on a mobile platform, this study uses multiple radars to estimate the biases of the radar under the earth‐centred earth‐fixed coordinate system, which provides more accurate information for data fusion. Compared to the maximum likelihood registration (MLR) algorithm, which can only estimate radar offset biases, a novel extended MLR (EMLR) algorithm is proposed. The algorithm could estimate radar‐offset biases, attitude biases, and the target real location simultaneously. The simulation results verified that the EMLR algorithm can effectively improve the precision of registration.
Back projection algorithm‐based GEO SAR real‐time quick Look imaging system
Authors: Zhang Qingjun , Li Tengfei , Zhu Yu , Yu Zhongjiang , Ding Zegang , Guo Xin , Lv Zheng
Published: August 2019

Geosynchronous earth orbit synthetic aperture radar (GEO SAR) has the advantages of short revisit period and wide observation range. However, compared with low earth orbit SAR (LEO SAR), GEO SAR has the distinct characteristics of long synthetic aperture time, large amount of data, curvilinear motion trajectory, slow satellite speed, and long signal return delay etc. Hence, in this paper, a generalisation design technique of real‐time quick look imaging systems for both GEO SAR and LEO SAR is first proposed. Then, we present the corresponding system structure and its components. Finally, based on back projection algorithm (BPA), the validity of this quick look imaging system is verified by the simulation.
Design and implementation of multi‐channel moving target radar signal simulator
Authors: Yuan Yunneng , Luo Yuquan , Zhang Yuxi , Zhu Zhenguo , Wang Jun
Published: August 2019

The development of radar signal simulator in specific environment can effectively accelerate the debugging process of radar system and reduce the consumption of human, material, and financial resources. This study analyses the mathematical model of the IF radar signal in aerial distributed semi‐active radar system and deduces the parameters of radar signals based on direct digital synthesiser (DDS) technology. After solving the problem of multi‐channel synchronisation, delay precision control, and envelope delay compensation, an IF radar signal simulator system was designed and implemented, which can generate three direct‐path‐wave signals and three echo signals.
Equivalent circuit model of an ultra‐wideband frequency selective surface composite absorbing material
Authors: Yu Jiaao , Peng Shirui , Nan Hao , Liu Jianhao
Published: August 2019

An equivalent circuit model of double hexagonal loops frequency selective surface (FSS) was established. The formulas of LC parameters were proposed with equivalent repetition period. The reflection frequency, transmission frequency, and the location of first modal interaction null were simulated, and the results showed a good agreement in full‐wave simulation result. On this basis, an ultra‐wideband composite absorbing material (CAM) was proposed, and its equivalent circuit model was also established. A sample was fabricated and measured to verify the validity of the model. The results showed a good ultra‐wideband absorbing performance in the range of 1.9–8.9 GHz.