bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New orogenic type gold occurrences in the Uyanga ore knot (Central Mongolia)
Authors: Sodov Ariunbileg , Gaskova Olga , Gankhuyag Altansukh , Lkhagvasuren Dagva-Ochir , Dorjsuren Otgonbaatar , Tumen-Ulzii Oyunchimeg , Altanbaatar Battushig
Published: February 2019

The Uyanga ore knot district of the Khangay metallogenic zone are hosted by the lower-middle Devonian volcanogenic-sedimentary Erdenetsogt formation. About 40 samples were collected from the host rocks, veins and quartz veins in the Uyanga ore knot district in 2016. The new Burgetei, Ult and Senjit gold occurrences were studied. The quartz-sulfide, gold-arsenic and gold-antimony-mercury mineralization are determined in the berecitization, silicification, limonitization and glauconization altered metasomatic zones within the Uyanga ore knot districts. The rocks of the Erdenetsogt formation have an irregular gold content: 0.96 g/t Au is determined in quartz vein taken from trench of the Burgetei occurrence (BG-7/16), Au content is highest up to 3.5 g/t in the quartzite-jasper (Ult-7/16 and Ult-9/16) cut by quartz veins in the Ult occurrence. The Senjit occurrence represents Au-Hg-Sb epizonal level of orogenic gold deposits structure with highest Hg content up to 851 ppm. This year no sulfide minerals were found in the siltstone of this occurrence. The Au content of arsenical pyrite of the Burgetei and Ult is below the detection limit by electron microprobe analysis. The Au content of arsenopyrite of the Ult occurrence is highest (up to 238 ppm). Therefore, the ore-mineral assemblages in the gold occurrences reflect the differences between the three explored sites, formed in the course of fluid evolution during the fluid-rock interaction. Variable concentrations of indicative elements (As, Te, Sb, Hg) and their ratios confirm this fact. The geodynamic position, the type of the hydrothermal alteration of both igneous and sedimentary rocks, textures and mineral assemblages, the mineralization sequences are consistent with orogenic classification for the Burgetei, Ult and Senjit gold occurrences.
APTIDÃO CLIMÁTICA DA CULTURA DA BANANA NO ESTADO DO PIAUÍ –BRASIL
Authors: Vieira de França Manoel , Mainar de Medeiros Raimundo , Morant de Holanda Romildo
Published: February 2019

This study exposes the weather elements, climatic factors, climatic water balance (BHC) developed by Thornthwaite and Mather, climatic classification by the methods of Thornthwaite and Köppen to the state of Piauí followed by its rating for banana cultivation. It used data from climatological precipitation monthly and annual averages acquired from the database collected by the Superintendence of Northeast Development -SUDENE (1990) and Business Technical Assistance and Rural Piauí State Extension -EMATER-PI, the monthly figures and air temperature year were estimated by the method of lines of multiple linear regressions using the estimated T and the National Institute of Meteorology software (INMET). The wind can be a limiting factor for the commercial exploitation of the banana crop; the cultivars are high-sized and planted in sandy soils. In places with high insolation, the period for the bunch reaches the cutoff point is between 80 and 90 days. Under little sunshine, this cutting period vary between 85 and 112 days after issue. The banana should be grown in places that range from 0 to 1000 meters above sea level altimetry demonstrate within the quotes from various authors. Fluctuations in the altitude change the length of the banana cycle, indicating that there was an increase of 30 to 45 days in the cycle of production of culture for every 100 m increase in altitude
EFEITO DE DOSES DE INSETICIDA E ADJUVANTE NO CONTROLE DE PHYLLOCNISTIS CITRELLASTAINTON (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE) EM LIMA ÁCIDA TAHITI
Authors: Doniseti Michelotto Marcos , César Carrega Willians , Altafin Galli Juliana , Ferraz Maycon , Marion de Souza Tamiris , Alves de Azevedo Fernando
Published: February 2019

Citrus leaf miner, Phyllocnistis citrellaStainton,1856 (Lepidoptera,Gracillariidae), is one of the main pests of the culture of acid lime Tahiti and control chemical is the primary method of control. The objective of this study was to testthe effect of insecticide treatments associated with adjuvant, in increasing the efficiency of control of citrus leaf miner in acid lime Tahiti. An experiment was installed in statistical design of randomized blocks with five treatments and four repetitions. The treatments consisted of a control treatment without application of pesticides and the use of the insecticide Ampligo® (clorantraniliprole + lambda-cialotrina) at the recommended dosage, at half the recommended dose and associated with the adjuvant. Three applications were carried out respecting the shortage period of the product. The damages of citrus leaf miner wereassessed in five branches of the central plant.Fruits wereharvest and determining the number and the mass (kg) of fruit per plant.The data were subjected to analysis of variance (F test) and the means were compared by Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05). Also the data were submitted to multivariate analysis using hierarchical cluster analysis techniques and principal component analysis (PCA). All treatments were effective in reducing the attack symptoms of citrus leaf miner, highlighting insecticide in half dosage and application of insecticide in half dosage with the adjuvant.The multivariate analysis was effective in discriminating application treatments of insecticides and adjuvant, and showa direct relationship between the citrus leaf miner and the decrease in fruit production.
PRODUÇÃOE CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOSFRUTOS DE ESPÉCIES DE PhysalisCULTIVADAS NO SEMIÁRIDO BAIANO
Authors: Torres Tanan Tamara , Neves do Nascimento Marilza , da Silva Leite Romeu
Published: February 2019

The Physalisbelongs to the Solanaceae family and has sweetish fruit that can be eaten fresh or processed. In Brazil only Physalis peruvianais commercialized, it is necessary research to encourage the cultivation of other promising speciesof the genus. The aim of this study was evaluate the productivity and the physical and biochemical characteristics of P. angulata, P.pubescensand P. ixocarpafruits, in different stages,in Feira de Santana, Bahia. Productivity and the number of fruits in the breeding period were evaluated.In the fruits, longitudinal (LD) and transverse (TD) diameters, the LD/TD ratio,the masses of fruit, the protein content,reducing sugars,and total soluble sugars were analyzed. The results showed differences between species, with higher number of fruits for P. angulata(140,5). P. ixocarpashowed higher productivity (9 t ha-1) and fruit with greater mass and diameter,however P. pubescensand P. angulatashowed round fruits and higher sugar content, desirable characteristics for fresh consumption and for industrialization.
PRODUTIVIDADE E QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA DE SEMENTES DE CULTIVARES DE TRIGO EM DIFERENTES DENSIDADES DE SEMEADURA
Authors: de Lucena Marinho Jéssica , Henrique Bizzarri Bazzo José , Pereira Cardoso Carolina , Zucareli Claudemir , Cristina de Batista Fonseca Inês
Published: February 2019

Determination of optimum wheat sowing density, adequate to the genotype and the environment, is essential to avoid lodging and competition between plants, which can reduce seed productivity and quality. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seeding density (in cultivars BRS Sabiá e BRS Gralha-Azul) on productivity and physiological quality of seeds of two wheat cultivars. The seeds were produced in the experimental field of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, in Londrina-PR, at the National Center for Soy Research (Embrapa Soja) in experimental design of randomized blocks in a 2x4 factorial scheme, with four replications. The following evaluations were performed: seed productivity, thousand seeds mass, first count of germination, germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight, accelerated aging, seedling emergence in sand and emergency speed index. In general, the increase in seed density increases seed production and does not alter germination and emergence of seedlings of both cultivars. The cultivar BRS Gralha-Azul proved to be more productive than BRS Sabiá. The increase in seeding density increases seed vigor for BRS Sabiá cultivar and reduces to BRS Gralha-Azul cultivar.
ADIÇÃO DE COMPOSTOS ORGÂNICOS EM SUBSTRATO COMERCIAL PARA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE TOMATE
Authors: Nunes Gonçalves Rogério , Rodrigues de Sousa Tiago , da Costa Guerrero Marina , Gonçalves Rosa Daniela , Carneiro da Silva Gisele , Rosa Teixeira Itamar
Published: February 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the formation of tomato seedlings cv. Santa Cruz Kada(Paulista)with the merger in the commercial substrate of organic compounds in different proportions. The design was a completely randomized design, with four replications. The treatments were formed from the combination of the mixture of commercial substratewith castor cake, cattle manure and aviary bed. Regarding the treatments, which presented averages significantly superior to the other was the mixture of 25% cattle manure and 75% commercial substratefor the production of tomato seedlings.
CARACTERÍSTICAS AGRONÔMICAS DE SOJA EM FUNÇÃO DE ESPAÇAMENTOS ENTRE LINHAS DE SEMEADURA
Authors: Wilhann  Pereira Maycon , Meert Leandro , Mendes  de  Oliveira  Neto Antônio , Guerra Naiara , Krenski Antonio , Willwock Lucas
Published: February 2019

To obtain high yields in the soybean crop, it is necessary to have the minimum of competition among the plants.The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different spacing on productivity components and soybean yield. The design adopted was randomized blocks with 4 treatments (22, 44, 66 and 88 cm between rows) and six replicates. The cultivar used was 5909 with a population of 204 thousand plants per hectare. The response variables evaluated were plant height and first pod insertion, stem diameter, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, mass of one thousand grains and productivity. The height of plants and the diameter of the stem behaved in a quadratic manner, where the measure with which one increased the other reduced. The highest number of pods per plant (92) was obtained with the spacing of 64 cm between rows. The number of grainsper pod reduced linearly with increasing row spacing. The mass of 1000 grains and the productivity presented a quadratic behavior for the spacing, where the highest productivity 4772.60 kg ha-1was obtained with the spacing of 60 cm. The stem diameter showed a positive correlation with the number of pods per plant and with productivity. The height of insertion of the first pod showed a positive correlation with the mass of a thousand grains. The number of pods per plant was the variable that presented the highest correlation with productivity (0.84).
Using SERVQUAL Model to Assess Hospital Information System Service Quality
Authors: Jebraeily Mohamad , Rahimi Bahlol , Zare Fazlollahi Zahra , Lotfnezhad Afshar Hadi
Published: February 2019

Background: Assessment of hospital information system (HIS) service quality helps to meet the needs of users and a strategy to expand the interaction between HIS developers and the users. SERVQUAL is an extensively used technique to measure the service quality of information systems. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess HIS service quality by the SERVQUAL model in the teaching hospitals affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences (UMSU). Methods: This study is a descriptive analysis carried out in UMSU teaching hospitals in 2017. The sample was comprised of 270 users selected randomly via multi-stage cluster sampling. The modified SERVQUAL questionnaire, which included five dimensions, was used to collect data. The gap between the perceptions and the expectations of the users was calculated and the significance of scores was tested. Results: The highest quality gaps in the five dimensions were related to responsiveness (-1.52) and reliability (-1.34) and also the lowest quality gap was related to tangibles (-0.95). There were significant differences between perceptions and expectations of the users in all SERVQUAL dimensions (P < 0.001). This implied that the quality of the delivered services was lower than what the users expected. Conclusions: Given the greatest gap in responsiveness and reliability, it is essential that HIS vendors focus on providing HIS support and updating services and allocate IT staff with the right knowledge and skills to provide the trust needed to use HIS services in the users.
Initial management and investigations in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an audit
Authors: Lawson Courtney J.
Published: February 2019

IntroductionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects threemillion people in England and Wales, including more than 5% of the over 65s. It is the country’s fifth biggest killer, at 30,000 deaths per year. Severeexacerbations are the second commonest cause of emergency admissions,with 15% three-month mortality.MethodsThe clinical practice of the Emergency Department (ED) on the Isleof Man was compared with UK best-practice guidelines regarding the initial management and investigations in acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD).The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) CG101 provides guidance for managing AECOPD. The evidence underpinning these guidelines was appraised and a retrospective audit of 40 patients in the ED was conducted.ResultsCompliance to the use of air-driven nebulisers was uncertain due to insufficient documentation. Adequate arterial blood gas (ABG): 19 (47.5%). Chest radiograph (CXR): 39 (97.5%). Electrocardiogram (ECG): 37 (92.5%).Full blood count (FBC) plus urea and electrolytes (U&Es): 38 (95%). All pyrexialpatients received blood cultures. Documentation of theophylline use was poor and patients on theophylline did not have levels measured.ConclusionsThe initial management and investigations of AECOPD in the ED could be improved through research on nebuliser use, better documentation and implementation of departmental guidance for clinical decision-making.
INDONESIAN INFLUENCE IN DUTCH: A CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Yusuf Munif
Published: February 2019

Cuisine is one of the results of connection between Dutch and Indonesian people. Both of them have loanwords from each other. This paper presents adaptations of Indonesian loanwords in Dutch in the field of cuisine. What are the differences between Indonesian bakmi, gado-gado and Dutch bami, gado-gado? Why are they different? In the field of linguistic adaptations the words like daging smoor and nasibal are examined orthographically and semantically. Semantic explanations will be used to determine the differences between Indonesian nasi and Dutch nasi. The data are gathered from websites on Indonesian cuisine in Dutch.
FIRDOWSI: NATIONAL CHARACTER IN PERSIAN LITERATURE
Authors: Zulyeno Bastian
Published: February 2019

It is compulsory for every citizen to look after their national identity and to raise it up. Nationalism spirit will bring up confidence and national union in dealing with any foreign threats. Literature-sourced nationalism has become an important role in its exertion. It can be found in the most phenomenal literature in Persian, named Shah Nameh, written by Firdowsi that has made the people and the language of Persian risen out of “intellectual silence” during Arab conquest. In approximately three centuries, Persian territory was under Arab authority, though, Persian language has remained exist when other language in conquered territories were totally influenced by Arabic. In writings, some writers would always minimize the use of Arabic as a means of giving pressures on Arabic expanding influence in the region at that time.
THE SOCIO-CULTURAL LIFE OF BATIK IN INDONESIA AND THE LIMIT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Latifa Inditian , Hasibuan Dana
Published: February 2019

This study sets out to interrogate the historical transformation of culture utilizing batik in Indonesia as an illustration of the relationship between cultural practices, power relations and the logic of neoliberalism. By identifying the critical junctures in Indonesia that effect the formation of meanings attached to batik in the larger reconfiguration of capitalism during the Dutch colonial era and in the present circumstances of late capitalism, this study argues that the hybridity of batik production in the Dutch East Indies, as signified by the emergence of batik Belanda, exemplifies a period when the notion of batik as a mutually empowering form of trans-cultural practices was possible. Analyzing the disposition of batik today, this study further argues that, unlike in the past, trans-cultural practices during the current state-sanctioned deployment of batik as Indonesia’s national cultural heritage becomes only possible through practices of trade and consumption. This cultural formation offers a critique ideology toward the current national and global discourse of batik that reifies unbounded cultural practices as “cultural heritage.”
FOSTERING ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THROUGH AFRICAN INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE: THE EXAMPLE OF SELECTED IBIBIO FOLKSONGS
Authors: Inyang Ofonime
Published: February 2019

Environmental catastrophe is a real threat to the ecosystem and sustainable livelihood today and in the future. However, the global call for environmental sustainability and climate change mitigation appear only to adopt models from only science and technological thinking without input from indigenous ecological knowledge. This paper titled Fostering Environmental Communication and Human Development through African Indigenous Knowldege: The Example of Selected Ibibio Folksongs takes a look at how the folklores and songs of Ibibio people of Akwa Ibom State Nigeria are incorporated into performance signification of environmental information and education and its implication in the globalised environment of the twenty first century and the current crusade for environmental sustainability in Africa. The paper concludes that a careful study through content analysis of selected folksongs and wise sayings from the Ibibio society and assessing their application to community education and development communication for sanitation and environmental awareness can support ongoing global call for the application of indigenous knowledge systems in solving environmental challenges in rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa. The paper recommends the integration of traditional folksongs and local ecological knowledge in environmental awareness and development communication programmes through the documentation, translation and incorporation into the reading materials in the schools, creative education syllabus and contemporary media programme content.
THE ROLE OF TEXTILES IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: OKPU Oghale Omojuwouvie
Published: February 2019

The quest for national development is of different perspectives, depending on the educational orientation, ideology and concept of the writer. This paper attempts to examine the role textiles play in our national development. The development of other professional areas such as medicine, law, surveying, pharmacy and technology without art, which textile is a part, is like building a house on a muddy ground. There is no society without art and culture. The thrust of this paper is the role of textile in national development as evident in cultural, economic, social and industrial developments. The paper analyzes the role textile plays in the individual lifestyle and mode of dressing, community development in regards to their festivals, social political activities, marriages, burials, and national development. The Federal Government has a boost of it by organization of art exhibitions, trade fairs and selling of art works to tourists and travellers for exportation in which, most of our Nigerian hand-made textile goods are sold for hard currency and promotes national income.
INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF RECORD SPECIALIST PROFESSION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Lawanda Ike Iswary
Published: February 2019

The institutionalization of record specialist profession is a way of the profession incorporation with the archivists (functional occupation based arsiparis) and professions in the life-worlds of Indonesian people nowadays. It helps record managers in organizations of various types and business to have better lives and positions getting accepted according to the values and job tasks they have performed to elevate the organization. The methods of observations, interviews, and focused group discussions are conducted to ground the meanings in this topic of interest within the span of three years time around 2015 – 2017. The result shows that institutionalization of the profession promotes the values of the individuals as members of the profession, in a way bring up resistance and accommodation to the archivist association members in facing the imaginary profession of record specialist. Record specialist is a profession carried out by citizens responsibly and dignity to and for the country, while record specialist individuals are the agents that continue to improve themselves under the regulator of independent associations. Recognition of independent record specialist profession takes place in non-territorial boundary. The interconnection between various and diasporic cultures and a record specialist’s way of life flow within the institutionalization of the profession.
SARTRE’S LA MAUVAISE FOI, THE NEGATION OF DE BEAUVOI’S MALAFIDE AND THE URBAN PHENOMENON IN THE MOVIE JULES ET JIM (1962) BY FRANCOIS TRUFFAUT
Authors: Nugraha Fajar Muhammad
Published: February 2019

The intersubjectivity war between male and female individuals has long been a central issue in the realm of existentialism. Jean Paul Sartre with the idea of his La mauvaise foi demands every individual to be responsible in accepting the consequences for every decision that has been taken by man. Meanwhile, Simone De Beauvoir seeks to perfect Sartre's idea of existentialism by focusing the object of his idea on the freedom of women as human beings. On that basis, Beauvoir introduced the idea of malafide which is an inferior form of man. More specifically, Beauvoir assumes that there are many factors that cause woman to become a malafide. In the Jules et Jim (1962) film by François Truffaut, Catherine's character is presented as a form of denial of the malafide human- more specifically, the human in this context is female. This article describes the negation of Catherine's character as a malafide female, while at the same time showing the form of human existentialism as a whole. In addition to the issue of existentialism and existentialist feminism, this article also describes the urban phenomenon of time and place in the background setting of the film: Jules et Jim (1962) by François Truffaut.
PUBLIC LIBRARY IN KOKORO LIBRARY ANIMATED SERIES BY TAKAGI NOBUYUKI
Authors: Pujiyanti Aina , Laksmi Laksmi
Published: February 2019

This paper elaborate the representation of public libraries in Kokoro Library animated series by Takagi Nobuyuki. The purpose of this research is to understand the representation of public library in the culture of Japanese society as in Kokoro Library animated series. This study is using semiotic method with Roland Barthes‟ syntagmatic-paradigmatic analysis. The result of this study is that public library is described as a very valuable part of the life of families in Japan. This is supported by the roles of the three main characters as librarians running their libraries located on the mountain, communicating with users, keeping valuable collections, promoting and finding ways to protect the library from being closed down. Not only the three main characters, but urban society also supports the existence of the library.
IMAGINING JAPANESE AS A MUSLIM: THE NARRATIVE OF NON-OPPOSITIONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN JAPANESE CULTURE AND ISLAMIC VALUES WITHIN MULIYATUN N.’S “AKATSUKI”
Authors: Pratama Himawan
Published: February 2019

Within the so many positive images of Japan produced and reproduced in Indonesia, there seems to be a convention to portray the relationship between Japanese culture and Islamic values as an oppositional one. This is evident in the depiction of the clash between the two in various stories of the Japanese Military Occupation Period in Indonesia, as well as in Indonesian Islamic literary works until the 2000s. However, through her Islamic-romantic novel “Akatsuki” (2009, 2012, 2017) Muliyatun N., by creating a story that entirely takes place in Japan and with all Japanese characters, depicts Japanese culture and Islamic values relations as non-oppositional and non-confrontational. This paper first describes the depiction of Japanese culture-Islamic values relations within “Akatsuki”. Furthermore, by considering contexts lingering the production of the novel, it analyzes how the “Akatsuki” marks the shift in Indonesian Muslim’s perception towards Japan in the decade of 2010s. My argument is that this shift is in line with the trends of creating a global and successful image of Muslims through literary works, and the recent development of the relationship between Japan and Islamic world.
HUMAN NATURE THROUGH THE PERSPECTIVE OF EVOLUTIONARY THEORY OF STEVEN PINKER
Authors: Mendrofa James Farlow , Ashari Chaidir
Published: February 2019

The theory of human nature plays an important role in life. It acts as a trigger as well as a purpose for human life itself. Theories of human nature presented by Religion and Empirical Theory are widely believed to date. Nonetheless, it seems like they have reach an absolute point, thus closed the possibility for new questioners to find novelty in their explanation. This research is made by conducting critical analysis on two classical notions that explained human nature, namely religious explanation and the empirical (the blank slate theory) explanation. Through critical analysis, it is found that new explanations are needed in the conception of the theory of human nature, with the research questions: What kind of human nature theory can embrace human being as of today? Therefore, through the alternative explanation method, the author offers an alternative conception of the human nature. Human Nature is a combination of the innate mechanism and the environment. This conception was born through a critical analysis towards some works with the evolutionary theory perspective, primarily the work of Steven Pinker, who believed that there were innate mechanisms in human beings, as a result of evolution so far.
The Early Pliocene extinction of the mega-toothed sharkOtodus megalodon: a view from the eastern North Pacific
Authors: Boessenecker Robert W. , Ehret Dana J. , Long Douglas J. , Churchill Morgan , Martin Evan , Boessenecker Sarah J.
Published: February 2019

The extinct giant sharkOtodus megalodonis the last member of the predatory megatoothed lineage and is reported from Neogene sediments from nearly all continents. The timing of the extinction ofOtodus megalodonis thought to be Pliocene, although reports of Pleistocene teeth fuel speculation thatOtodus megalodonmay still be extant. The longevity of theOtoduslineage (Paleocene to Pliocene) and its conspicuous absence in the modern fauna begs the question: when and why did this giant shark become extinct? Addressing this question requires a densely sampled marine vertebrate fossil record in concert with a robust geochronologic framework. Many historically important basins with stackedOtodus-bearing Neogene marine vertebrate fossil assemblages lack well-sampled and well-dated lower and upper Pliocene strata (e.g., Atlantic Coastal Plain). The fossil record of California, USA, and Baja California, Mexico, provides such an ideal sequence of assemblages preserved within well-dated lithostratigraphic sequences. This study reviews all records ofOtodus megalodonfrom post-Messinian marine strata from western North America and evaluates their reliability. All post-ZancleanOtodus megalodonoccurrences from the eastern North Pacific exhibit clear evidence of reworking or lack reliable provenance; the youngest reliable records ofOtodus megalodonare early Pliocene, suggesting an extinction at the early-late Pliocene boundary (∼3.6 Ma), corresponding with youngest occurrences ofOtodus megalodonin Japan, the North Atlantic, and Mediterranean. This study also reevaluates a published dataset, thoroughly vetting each occurrence and justifying the geochronologic age of each, as well as excluding several dubious records. Reanalysis of the dataset using optimal linear estimation resulted in a median extinction date of 3.51 Ma, somewhat older than a previously proposed Pliocene-Pleistocene extinction date (2.6 Ma). Post-middle Miocene oceanographic changes and cooling sea surface temperature may have resulted in range fragmentation, while alongside competition with the newly evolved great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) during the Pliocene may have led to the demise of the megatoothed shark. Alternatively, these findings may also suggest a globally asynchronous extinction ofOtodus megalodon.
The value of diffusion tensor tractography delineating corticospinal tract in glioma in rat: validation via correlation histology
Authors: Jia Xiaoxiong , Su Zhiyong , Hu Junlin , Xia Hechun , Ma Hui , Wang Xiaodong , Yan Jiangshu , Ma Dede
Published: February 2019

Background

An assessment of the degree of white matter tract injury is important in neurosurgical planning for patients with gliomas. The main objective of this study was to assess the injury grade of the corticospinal tract (CST) in rats with glioma using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Methods

A total 17 rats underwent 7.0T MRI on day 10 after tumor implantation. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were acquired in the tumor, peritumoral and contralateral areas, and the ADC ratio (ipsilateral ADC/contralateral ADC) and rFA (relative FA = ipsilateral FA/contralateral FA) in the peritumoral areas were measured. The CST injury was divided into three grades and delineated by diffusion tensor tractography reconstruction imaging. The fiber density index (FDi) of the ipsilateral and contralateral CST and rFDi (relative FDi = ipsilateral FDi/contralateral FDi) in the peritumoral areas were measured. After the mice were sacrificed, the invasion of glioma cells and fraction of proliferating cells were observed by hematoxylin-eosin and Ki67 staining in the tumor and peritumoral areas. The correlations among the pathology results, CST injury grade and DTI parameter values were calculated using a Spearman correlation analysis. One-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the different CST injury grade by the rFA, rFDi and ADC ratio values.

Results

The tumor cells and proliferation index were positively correlated with the CST injury grade (r = 0.8857, 0.9233, P < 0.001). A negative correlation was demonstrated between the tumor cells and the rFA and rFDi values in the peritumoral areas (r = −0.8571, −0.5588), and the proliferation index was negatively correlated with the rFA and rFDi values (r = −0.8571, −0.5588), while the ADC ratio was not correlated with the tumor cells or proliferation index. The rFA values between the CST injury grades (1 and 3, 2 and 3) and the rFDi values in grades 1 and 3 significantly differed (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Diffusion tensor imaging may be used to quantify the injury degrees of CST involving brain glioma in rats. Our data suggest that these quantitative parameters may be used to enhance the efficiency of delineating the relationship between fiber tracts and malignant tumor.
A Retrospective Analysis of Refractive Changes in Pediatric Pseudophakia
Authors: Muppidi Manmitha Reddy , Karanam Sairani , Bevara Akhil
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

To evaluate the refractive changes occurring after pediatric cataract surgery with primary Intraocular lens implantation considering several factors to provide an accurate prediction of the IOL power to be selected.

Setting:

Sankara Eye Hospital, Pedakakani, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Methods:

Our study includes 85 eyes of 52 patients of age 2-18 years who underwent cataract surgery with primary IOL implantation. Patients with follow up greater than 6 months were included. The median myopic shift was assessed and compared among various age groups.

Results:

In the 2-5 year age group (17 eyes), the median myopic shift was -1.125 D [Interquartile range (IQR): -3.25, -0.375] over a median follow up of 16 (IQR: 12, 38) months. In the 6-8 year age group (33 eyes), the median myopic shift was -1.125D (IQR: -1.85,-0.625) over a median follow up of 18 (IQR: 12, 33) months. In the 9-11 year age group (14 eyes), median myopic shift was -0.687 D (IQR: -1.625, -0.250) over a median follow up of 11.50 (IQR: 7, 27.75) months. In the 12-18 year age group (21 eyes), the median myopic shift was -0.75 D (IQR: -1.06, -0.25) over a median follow up of 16 (IQR: 7, 25.50) months. The difference of myopic shift between the 4 age groups was statistically significant. In unilateral cases, the operated eye had more myopic shift than the fellow eye and this difference was statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was found in comparing developmental with traumatic cataracts and amblyopic with non-amblyopic eyes.

Conclusion:

Our data shows a decreasing myopic shift as the age progresses in pediatric patients following IOL implantation. We conclude that correcting the eye to emmetropia or mild hypermetropia is a better option, as treating the refractive error that may occur as the age progresses is easier than treating the resultant amblyopia that can occur with under correction at the time of surgery.
Ocular Complications of Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Tumours
Authors: Maharia Sarita , Jain Kalpna , Kumar H. S.
Published: February 2019

Aim:

To study the various ocular complications associated with radiotherapy and correlate them with duration & dose of radiation.

Design:

Hospital based prospective study

Methods:

The present study comprises of 100 patients of head and neck tumors who received radiotherapy by linear accelerator from September 2015 to February 2017. Ocular examination was done prior to the start of therapy, 1st follow up at 15th day of therapy, 2nd at last day of therapy (23-35 fraction), 3rd at 3 month after completion of therapy for side effects, 4th at 6 month, 5th at 12 month and 6th at 18 months after completion of therapy for assessing chronic side effects.

Results:

Astrocytoma was the most common tumour (35%). Maximum tumours of head and neck received 50-60 Gy of radiation. Nasopharyngeal carcinomas received maximum dose of radiation i.e. 60-70 Gy. Seventy one percent patients were male and 21% were female. Acute side effects were madarosis (19%), dermatitis (13%), conjunctivitis (3%), meibomitis (12%). Dry eye (33%) was seen in patients within hours to days after exposure to radiation or within 3 months of completion of therapy. Chronic side effects were dry eye (26%), punctal stenosis (1%), cataract (in 4 eyes), seen after 3 months or even a year after completion of therapy. Cataract occurred after > 20 Gy dose received by the lens. Radiation retinopathy and optic neuropathy were not seen till our last follow up.

Conclusion:

The current study suggests the importance of total dose as well as dose per fraction despite advancement of radiotherapy techniques and using protective mechanisms for eye complications developed.
Hemorrhagic Retinal Detachment Following Severe Dengue Fever - A Case Report
Authors: Varshney Abhishek , Das Manmath
Published: February 2019

A child suffering from dengue haemorrhagic fever, diagnosed elsewhere, reported to our hospital with complaints of sudden painless loss of vision in both eyes for 2 days. Ocular examination revealed profound visual impairment in both eyes, quiet anterior segment, vitreous haemorrhage and retinal detachment. Ultrasonography revealed haemorrhagic retinal detachment in both the eyes. Blood counts showed severe anaemia with thrombocytopenia. Considering the urgency of the systemic condition, he was referred to a multi-speciality hospital and was asked to review at the hospital when systemic parameters become stable. He did not return for follow up and expired a few months later.
Phakomatosis Pigmentovascularis Coexisting with a Variant of Sturge Weber Syndrome - A Rare Occurrence
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Potdar Nayana A. , Patil Ankita , Mohite Pritam K. , Shinde Chhaya A. , Bandivadekar Pooja
Published: February 2019

The spectrum of phacomatoses is wide and they share common pathophysiological changes. The various entities widely studied and being reported are Sturge Weber Syndrome (SWS), Klippel Trenaunay Syndrome and Phakomatosis Pigmentovascularis (PPV). Here we report a rare case of coexisting Phakomatosis cesioflaemmea type of PPV along with a type 1 variant of Sturge Weber Syndrome. Co-existence of PPV with SWS is known but rare. Management of ocular manifestation especially glaucoma, is challenging in such neurocutaneous conditions but this particular case responded well to medical therapy for glaucoma. This case will help us broaden our outlook when dealing with various phakomatosis, keeping in mind overlapping signs of different syndromes and tendency of few syndromes to increase preponderance to malignant transformation which will require close follow up for the same.
Total Opacification of Intraocular Lens Implant After Uncomplicated Cataract Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Jarwal Pawan N. , Singh Rekha , Vseem Kousar , Choudhary Neelam
Published: February 2019

The introduction a few years ago of hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) a few years ago constituted a major advance in the field of Cataract Surgery. These lenses have become increasingly popular, thanks to the ease with which they can be folded and implanted in the capsular sac through a small incision; their good medium and long-term tolerance attributable to the great biocompatibility of the material employed; and the ease with which YAG laser capsulotomy can be performed where required, without damaging the lens and thus minimizing certain complications. Different models have been developed, generally offering good short- and middle-term vision performance, though little is known of their potential long-term results and complications.1 These complications include opacification of IOLs, which has been recognized for several years.3 Most reported cases have been late opacification of hydrophilic acrylic IOLs.4-10 Opacification reduces visual acuity (VA) and it requires some intervention. We report the clinical history and management of a cases of progressive opacification in hydrophilic yellow acrylic IOLs.
Teaching & Training the Next Generation of Eye Surgeons: Challenges and Possible Solutions
Authors: Pandey Suresh K. , Sharma Vidushi
Published: February 2019

Ophthalmology is one of the exciting sub-specialties of medical science with continued change and advancement in the field of investigations (tools) and micro-surgical techniques. Surgical training and transfer of surgical skills of new techniques to ophthalmology residents and newer generations of ophthalmologists is the need of the hour. Unfortunately, surgical training of ophthalmology residents in India and several developing countries in most of the residency programs has not kept pace with these advances. A transformation of the mindset, focus and curriculum of ophthalmic surgery alone can prepare the new generation of ophthalmology residents to be competent world leaders in this field. In the fast paced hi-tech world of modern ophthalmology, this is the least that we owe our trainees
Eccentric Macular Hole and Inner Retinal Dimpling Following Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: Padhy Srikanta Kumar , Kumar Vinod , Ravani Raghav
Published: February 2019

An elderly male was seen following vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling for macular hole. Multimodal imaging revealed an eccentric macular hole, inner retinal dimpling and signs of trauma on the macular surface. These potential complications of inner limiting membrane peeling are demonstrated.
Multisystem Tuberculosis - Total Ophthalmoplegia as an Initial Presentation
Authors: Goyal Karishma , Parwal Sandeep , Khilnani Kamlesh
Published: February 2019

Caseating granulomas are the pathological hallmark of tuberculosis and the causative organism is Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. We report a subject who presented initially with total ophthalmoplegia and choroiditis. Imaging showed vascular infarcts in brain and Pott's spine. This specific case highlights the involvement of three different extrapulmonary systems without obvious pulmonary tuberculosis. A detailed examination should be done for each and every complaint of a patient having a suspicion of tuberculosis, to aid in early diagnosis of the disease.
Actinomycosis: A Cause of Chronic Conjunctivitis Often Overlooked
Authors: Aggarwal Rita , Sahu Yamini , Aggarwal Ritika , Gupta Pooja , Gaind Rajni , Rynga Dabet , Anveshi Anupam Kumar
Published: February 2019

Chronic conjunctivitis is a common ocular disease routinely responding to antibiotic therapy. In patients presenting with chronic conjunctivitis who do not respond to treatment, Actinomycosis should be kept in mind. We are reporting two cases who presented to us with chronic conjunctivitis that did not respond to various topical antibiotic drops for a long time. One of them had associated canaliculitis while the other presented with small concretions in lower fornix. Both of them were positive for Actinomycosis and responded to topical cefazoline eye drops. This highlights the importance of Actinomyces infection in patients of chronic conjunctivitis not responding to routine antibiotic therapy.
Gap Years—Unbridled Good or Unwarranted Cost?
Authors: Schwartzstein Richard M. , Marzouk Sammer
Published: November 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the increasing popularity of taking a gap year between college and medical school and raises questions about the perceived necessity of this trend, its financial and other costs, and the potential disadvantage it may pose to underrepresented minority applicants.
Generalizability of Clinical Trials of Novel Weight Loss Medications to the US Adult Population
Authors: Bessette Lily G. , Anderson Timothy S.
Published: November 2024

This cross-sectional study investigates the extent to which individuals meeting label criteria for novel weight loss medications may not have been included in pivotal trials.
Psychological Resilience and Frailty Progression in Older Adults
Authors: Ye Bo , Li Yunxia , Bao Zhijun , Gao Junling
Published: November 2024

Importance

The association between psychological resilience (PR) and frailty progression in older adults is not fully understood.

Objective

To investigate the longitudinal associations between PR and its changes (ΔPR) with frailty progression among older adults.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Data were collected from a community-based prospective cohort study conducted in Shanghai from 2020 to 2023. Older adults aged 60 years and above were recruited at baseline and completed follow-up assessments. Statistical analysis was performed from May to July 2024.

Exposures

PR was assessed using the 25-item Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). ΔPR was calculated using the difference between 3-year follow-up and baseline CD-RISC scores. Multiple key covariates were included such as demographics, health behaviors, social participation, and chronic diseases.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Frailty was evaluated using the Chinese Frailty Screening Scale-10. Frailty progression was categorized into 3 groups (improvement, stability, and deterioration) by the difference assessment between 3-year follow-up and baseline.

Results

A total of 4033 participants were included in the study (mean [SD] age, 71.0 [6.1] years; 2257 [56.0%] women). Over a 3-year follow-up period, 1142 participants (28.3%) experienced an improvement in frailty, 1200 (29.8%) experienced stability, and 1691 (41.9%) exhibited deterioration. After controlling for confounding variables, a significant association was found between PR and future frailty, particularly when baseline frailty scores were at least 3 vs 2 or lower (β, −0.136 [95% CI, −0.214 to −0.057] vs −0.020 [-95% CI, −0.052 to 0.012]; P for interaction < .001). A similar association was observed between PR and frailty improvement (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.28 [95% CI, 1.05 to 1.57]). Furthermore, ΔPR displayed a significant association with frailty, exhibiting a nonlinear association that was stronger when ΔPR was less than 0 vs when ΔPR was greater than 0 (β,−0.186 [95% CI, −0.228 to −0.145] vs −0.068 [95% CI, −0.107 to −0.029]; P for nonlinear < .001). Similarly, ΔPR was significantly associated with frailty progression, indicating both improvement (adjusted OR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.19 to 1.42]) and deterioration (adjusted OR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.69 to 0.80]). These associations were more pronounced among older adults with higher levels of baseline frailty.

Conclusions and relevance

In this cohort study of community-dwelling older adults, a longitudinal association between PR and frailty progression was found. The results suggest that monitoring changes in PR can help forecast future frailty trajectories, particularly highlighting the need to support individuals facing declines in resilience. Targeted interventions that prioritize enhancing PR have potential to prevent and ameliorate frailty.
Vertebral Web and Embolic Stroke
Authors: Waqar Kiran , Kesav Praveen , John Seby
Published: November 2024

This case report describes a female individual in her 30s with headache and vertigo; examination revealed acute embolic infarcts and a lesion on the vertebral artery.