bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Segmentation et Identification du mot en Allemand et Arabe
Authors: Lachachi Djamel Eddine
Published: September 2023

Segmentation and Word Identification in German and Arabic

The difficulty in instituting the word as an operational concept has led many linguists to prefer other concepts designated by the terms of: syntagm, lexie or syntheme, the latter two being the most frequent with this value. If there are languages where the word can easily be defined as an independent and indivisible unit, there are others, according to Vendryes, where it merges in some way into the body of the sentence, where one does not can truly define it only on condition of including a mass of varied elements. On the other hand, he sees in the ancient Semitic and Indo-European languages a relatively unified word concept having a full autonomy. It manifests itself in various characteristic phonetic treatments, that for example of the final slices, or in the delicate game of the swinging of the accent. The word carries in itself the sign of its use and the expression of its morphological value; it is of a fullness that leaves nothing to be desired. The word still remains essential in all languages even if it seems to have been abandoned in favor of a smaller linguistic unit: the morpheme.
Wie transparent sind unsere Evaluationskriterien?
Authors: Seddiki Aoussine
Published: September 2023

How transparent are our evaluation criteria?

The evaluation of foreign language skills and abilities with the help of formal procedures is of little importance in Algeria, but also in many European countries. The evaluation procedures that are carried out in university foreign language lessons or German as a foreign language lessons in Algeria and many other countries often do not allow a comparison of foreign language competence that goes beyond the respective learning context. Grades are often awarded on the basis of criteria that are not very transparent and depend on the type of teacher or on the teacher's experience and training. This situation has made it difficult for the potential employer to develop a reasonably reliable assessment of the skills and abilities of the German as a foreign language applicant based on the certificates presented. The so-called pedagogical coordination committee of the "Linguistics and German as a foreign language Didactics" course has been trying for years to achieve more transparency and comparability in the assessment of language competence. In 2001, the Council of Europe developed the so-called European reference framework for learning, studying and assessing foreign languages in a European context for the first time. Both the theoretical discussion and the development of procedures for third-party and evaluation procedures are increasingly influenced by this. This article attempts to give German language teachers in the German departments of Algerian and foreign universities the opportunity to get their own impression of the latest developments in the field of evaluation procedures. Above all, this analysis outlines the area of tension within which a German as a foreign language teacher moves who has to determine the level of performance of his students and evaluate them as objectively as possible. My main concern is to pursue the question of what modern evaluation research offers in terms of findings and instruments. The type of examination and testing depends on the subject matter, the learning group, the learning objective and the purpose of the evaluation. The evaluation also provides statements about the effectiveness of the teaching and thus serves to improve teaching and learning. The greatest care is required when selecting the instruments for measuring performance, their structure and content and, above all, when it comes to the evaluation criteria to be applied and the evaluation. It can only be decided on a case-by-case basis the extent to which the measuring instruments are suitable and meet quality requirements. The measurement of oral performance can be positively or negatively influenced by a number of rational and irrational factors in its implementation and evaluation, both on the part of the examinee and the examiner.
Scoring academic writing from subjectivity to objectivity: A scale for evaluating students' written product
Authors: Abu Shawish Jaber
Published: September 2023

Due to the drawbacks of adopting any of the common scoring scales independently and in order to make the scoring process less subjective and more objective, the researcher thought of developing a rubric for evaluating students' written product. Some of the well-known scoring scales are time consuming, others mainly depend on the scorer's impression which is not always accurate. The researcher here made a hybrid of both the holistic and analytic scoring scales and developed it to suit academic writing. The rubric was refereed by a group of specialists who assured its validity. Content validity and internal consistency were also calculated. To test the suitability of this scoring rubric for the purpose it was designed for, a stratified random sample of 30 essays was selected from a corpus of N=120 essays written by Palestinian tertiary level students majoring in English in the academic year 2009/ 2010. Pearson correlation and Alpha scale were used in order to assure the reliability of the scale. The Scoring scale follows a taxonomy in which errors experienced in the subjects' writings are divided into three major categories: errors related to conventions, content development and style. Each category includes a number of subcategories; for instance, conventions include writing mechanics and grammar and vocabulary common errors; each of which is scored out of 25. In addition, content development includes cohesion and coherence, which are scored out of 20 marks and 15 marks respectively and finally style and cogency are marked out of 15 marks only.
L’acte traductif : de la correspondance à l’équivalence
Authors: Zinaï Djamel-Eddine
Published: September 2023

The act of translation: from correspondence to equivalence

Beyond the correspondences, the equivalences are central in the translation operation, they refer to a similar thought by designating the same object, this is an act of creativity. Correspondences are subject to repetition, being a fact of language. Translation concerns texts, its space, it is the speech where the words and sentences are enriched by the mental and emotional contribution of the readers. We then switch from lexical correspondence to mental representation which is part of a deverbalizing process, not translating a linguistic system, but imagining situations that the mind provides far from the original utterances, and taking into consideration the unsaid, the implicit, the signified. Translating is not then a reproduction of a text, but a production of a new text with a different form, considering the form of material, therefore not reproducible. This is why it is necessary to release the values, determine the effects of meaning and then look for correspondences, even equivalences between the two languages allowing the same effects to be created. The equivalences are the product of the creativity of the person working on the text, because beyond the word, the words produce the meaning that they bring to the surface, expressing the object and not the vehicle that designates it. It is a question of taking up the thoughts, even the emotions of an author, this form of otherness, this way of standing out from oneself and going towards this author.
La Problématique de l’Équivalence en Traduction Juridique
Authors: Bencherif Mohamed Hichem
Published: September 2023

The Problem of Equivalence in Legal Translation

This work aims to test the feasibility of equivalence in legal translation in general and in the Arabic translation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (U.D.H.R.) in particular. In the first part, attention is drawn to the huge changes that translation has undergone because of the emergence of Traductology or “Translations Studies”. The second part addresses the concept of equivalence, which remains questionable because it has received several denominations and classifications, qualified as formal, dynamic, textual, functional equivalence, etc. The third part will be devoted to legal translation, where the emphasis will be put on its specificity generated by its contact with the Law. Regarding the fourth part, it will present a brief overview of the text of the U.D.H.R. and its translation from French to Arabic. Then, it will expose the technicality of the legal discourse while insisting on its characteristic features in the U.D.H.R. The fifth part tests the feasibility of the equivalence in U.D.H.R in order to analyze the obtained results for contrastive and translatological purposes.
Translated Arab Woman Writings The Translation of What an Arab Woman Can Be: A case study H. Barakat’s The Stone of Laughter [الضحك حجر ]
Authors: Sarnou Dalel
Published: September 2023

Arab women writers have proved themselves to the West and to each other. Reading for an Arab woman novelist translated works of significant literary creativity may contribute to the change of the western ‘misrepresentation’ of the Arab Woman. Such suggestions are speculative and reflective at the same time, but they offer readers an opportunity to introduce new curricula in Algerian education. This paper aims to investigate the significance of some translated literary works by Arab women authors by selecting a translated version of a bestselling Arabic novel (Hajarou Dhahik). In line with the introduction of the LMD system in Algerian English departments, the objective is also to emphasize the relevance of incorporating and adopting such works into the English literature curriculum at university.
النقل الثقافي في السترجة السينماتوغرافية ما بين اللغات فيلم*العفيون والعصا*نموذجا
Authors: محجور نورة
Published: September 2023

Cultural transfer in cross-linguistic film subtitling Film "The Opium and the Stick" as a case study

In translation studies, the issue of cultural transfer was and still is one of the challenges on which the success or failure of the translation process in creative writings depends. In the sense that texts are generally translated according to the traditional concept of translation, but when it comes to the cinematographic audio-visual texts, in particular, the situation is completely different, especially in the field of cinematographic subtitling, because the text remains hypothetical and it requires the understanding of dialogues and other cinematographic factors. This work discusses the mechanisms that govern the process of cultural transfer in cinematographic subtitling between languages (the source and target languages), as well as the nature of equivalence which cannot be understood without considering the context.It appears through this study that the word outside of actual use is meaningless; considering that texts or discourses convey within them a cultural content and a cognitive material, expressed in a specific place and context with a specific intention, and this cultural content is what was expressed. Meaning is the essence of the transfer process in translation and it is the first and last goal because the extract is based on meanings in the process of transferring through understanding that is generated through the linguistic and non-linguistic elements of the cinematographic film. Put otherwise, both formal equivalence and functional equivalence have their place in the transfer strategy adopted by the detractor. Familiarity with the text is not only a feature of dubbing, but also subtitling. It should also be noted that in addition to these elements, there are still other fundamental problem in the stage of understanding the retrieved text, which lie in the fact that our knowledge of audio-visual translation is limited so far. We cannot even say that the translator follows these steps; rather each translator has his own style of transmission, and it is even more difficult to determine how to understand the text - what do we do exactly when we try to understand an audiovisual text? Also, successful methods have not been available to deal with this type of communication channels by providing the elements of audio-visual sense, subjective experience and information that must be available for an audio-visual translator. These issues lead us to reconsider the classical and modern translation concepts and reformulate them according to the current communicative data.
Inclusion of the filmed versions of literary works in teaching literature An effective strategy to foreign cultures’ familiarity
Authors: Arabi Melouka
Published: September 2023

Teaching British and American literature has constituted an enormous and a sharp challenge to teachers of English as a foreign language, so far. Actually, many teachers find themselves in part obliged to teach students suffering not only the linguistic incompetence, but the cultural unfamiliarity of the literary text as well, whether the latter is a novel, a play, or a short story. Highlighting the cultural framework plays a major role in understanding the literary work. The overall aim of this paper is to show how helpful and rewarding is the combination of both the filmed and written versions of certain literary works to realize full comprehension of the literary content, mainly the cultural one.The paper has discussed the importance of integrating the cultural knowledge in EFL learning and literature classroom by having students revealed their perceptions of the target culture through the implementation of movies which are considered very motivating and culturally fruitful. As a matter of fact, the inclusion of movies in the EFL literature classroom has proved to be an effective strategy to elucidate this class and transform the boring task of literature learning into an entertaining and amusing one. This paper has shown also that the more knowledge and understanding of the target culture is enlightened and gained, the more an increase in the students’ literary knowledge and linguistic competence of the target language, which is used in the movie by its native speakers, is expected. In Last of all, gained cultural knowledge not only develops students’ language abilities for effective and appropriate communication within cultural contexts of the target language and culture, and their capacity to engage into intercultural situations, but free students’ critical minds and creative imagination to think.
L’apprentissage de l’écriture littéraire en FLE et le poids de l’héritage socioculturel des jeunes apprenants au lycée en Algérie
Authors: Cheikh Saadia
Published: September 2023

Learning literary writing in FFL and the weight of the socio-cultural heritage of young learners in high school in Algeria

High school students are victims of the romantic illusion of the inspired writer. This representation affects many writers, even among those who can be qualified as good students and tends to transform any attempt at literary writing into a transgression. The school must counter these erroneous representations of writing here. The problem then arises of knowing how to give the writer access to literary writing, how to act so that the representation of writing as a scriptural activity and as a work of rewriting can replace those of a divine gift and a sacred activity requiring inspiration, so deeply inscribed in it? how to free their minds from this socio-cultural heritage which weighs heavily on their learning to write. In such a context, we asked ourselves: what meaning can rewriting take? To answer it we propose the practice of reading-writing in class by applying the editorial process developed by C. Oriol-Boyer (1989) where it is indeed a question, by different writings and different stages of directing the writer towards the realization final.
German Language Students and The English Language
Authors: Douar Aicha
Published: September 2023

The main objective of writing this research paper is to deal with the factors that affect the acquisition of the English language in the educational system in Algeria. The most effective way to raise educational standards begins with teaching quality to affect the learners’ readiness in society and aligning with national aspirations and economic development. Being an international language, English has occupied a prominent position in the Algerian educational system. However, the specialty of German studies at the university tends to neglect the use of the English language. The students are acquainted to a new situation when their encounter with the teacher of English is limited to one hour and a half per week. To what extent could the time table and coefficient impact the acquisition of the English language for the German language students? To carry out the research, a qualitative approach was conducted relying on the two following methods: observation and a group interview. Through these two methods, the collected data were collected and then analysed; they constituted the findings of our research paper.
L’emprunt lexical et les aspects linguistiques de la nomination
Authors: Harig Benmostefa Fatima Zohra
Published: September 2023

Lexical borrowing and linguistic aspects of nomination

We propose to examine, in this article, for what causes the words, once created and provided with a certain meaning, are brought to tighten it, to extend it, to transport it from a precise order of ideas to another, to raise or lower him in dignity, in short to change him. It is this part which properly constitutes semantics or the sciences of significations. how to choose the appropriate process to represent the new realities, how the different glosses make it possible to refine and specify the desired meaning and how the choice of the equivalent can be very difficult since it must be adjusted by certain production conditions see the discursive and praxematic context.
Speakers’ Communicative Intention in a Piece of Writing
Authors: Layadi Khadidja
Published: September 2023

The aim of this paper is to highlight the distinction between what is said and what is meant, in a word the textual meaning and the contextual meaning. Hence, the author of this study tries to put a line of demarcation between semantics and pragmatics, taking into consideration the speaker’s background and intention as well as the hearer’s understanding of the same speech act produced. It also shows the difficulty of interpreting utterances in a real speech situation as well as in speeches in writing. A good example from Jane Eyre is given to illustrate the hypocritical religious man who allows for his own children what should definitely be forbidden for the orphans. Consequently, his speech act is expressed by a flagrant contradiction. Then a brief literature review explores Lehrer’s scaling method about the similarities and the differences in meaning of language in context. Finally, this humble study argues that what is usually presented in literary texts is not always understood through its semantic meaning because it is never explicitly explained. Therefore, the reader should be aware of all factors even the interlocutors’ degree of familiarity.
Vers l’élaboration d’un questionnaire sur les stratégies d’apprentissage de la prononciation du français
Authors: Ouahmiche Ghania
Published: September 2023

Towards the development of a questionnaire on learning strategies of French pronunciation

In this study, we will discuss the methodology that we adopted to develop and analyze a questionnaire on learning strategies for the pronunciation of a foreign language, in this case French. First, we describe the development of this questionnaire in order to interpret the responses obtained. Then, we discuss the validation of this questionnaire. Finally, we discuss the issues relevant to the question of the link between the use of strategies, and the positive or negative attitudes towards the sound system of the French language by the participants to our study. In fact, we seek through this questionnaire to explore the hypothesis stating that listeners/speakers who tend to frequently use mnemonic and metalinguistic strategies would exhibit more perceptual and productive skills/performances. In addition, this questionnaire was based on the systemic contrast of the different phonetic systems, in this case that of Standard Arabic, Oran Spoken Arabic, French, and sometimes other foreign languages such as English. These phonetico-phonological properties have formed the premises of a phonetic practice in the FFL (French as a foreign language) classroom based on an exploration of the segmental and suprasegmental divergences of the systems in question.The objective behind the development of this questionnaire is also motivated by our intention to change the learning habits instilled in students’ minds regarding the soundscape of a foreign language in order to calibrate their potential oriented towards a new type of phonetic instruction. However, this study confirmed our observation considering that the instruction received by Algerian students at the departments of French is of a traditional and conventional type, and does not favor strategic teaching. Therefore, it is high time to insist on the need for a training in phonetics oscillating the two types of instruction, namely the directive and non-directive methods.
Der DaF-Studiengang an algerischen Universitäten und der Arbeitsmarkt
Authors: Seddiki Aoussine
Published: September 2023

The Deutsch course at Algerian universities and the labor market

Social changes and the educational situation in Algeria have helped to adapt the German studies to actual needs. In addition, the study reform (LMD) has been decreed by the state in Algeria, as in Italy and in most EU countries. In this article, this LMD reform and its implementation in the subject of German studies in Algeria is examined in more detail.
La narration des contes en classe du FLE : intérêts et pratiques
Authors: Cheikh Saadia
Published: September 2023

The narration of tales in the FLE class: interests and practices

The narration of the tale already has a certain history as a pedagogical support in the teaching/learning of French as a foreign language. Many journals have devoted articles to it that offer methodologies for its exploitation. Generally, it is literary, written tales that are retained and used with a view to acquiring linguistic skills, grammatical in particular; if the number of articles is quite considerable, the number of educational achievements in FLE class published resulting from these reflections has remained modest. As narrative competence is omnipresent in daily language practices in the teaching of French as a foreign language, we will try to answer a central question: how to insert effectively the narration of the tale in the course of French as a foreign language at school, both from the point of view of its adaptation to our young Algerian learners of French as a foreign language and of its pedagogical virtue.
Teaching Speaking to Computer Science Students in the Algerian Context
Authors: Farida Djaileb , Zitouni Mimouna
Published: September 2023

This paper is an attempt to shed the light on the teaching of the oral skill to ESP students in general, and more particularly to Computer Science students at a university level. In fact, what is mostly important is to understand to what extent oral proficiency is relevant for ESP students who are supposed to interact orally in seminars and conferences and be able to suggest some oral activities which could be of interest for an ESP teacher at the department of Computer Sciences.In this humble work, we have tried to demonstrate briefly the importance of teaching the oral skill through various activities and tasks in an ESP context and more particularly in English for Computer Sciences. Students are more motivated when they are asked to communicate orally in the classroom. In an ESP context, teachers are supposed to set the terrain for discussing different topics and subject matters using technical words. What is crucial in fact is to enhance learning and ESP oral proficiency through tasks and authentic topics.
" كيف نحقق الثقافة بصورة عملية "
Authors: بوعزة عبد القادر
Published: September 2023

How can we reach the culture in the process?

The problem of culture is not limited to defining its concept, but also lies in the possible way to achieve it in a practical way in our moral and material life. Moreover, the purpose of raising the problem of affliction in this article is to draw attention on the fact that culture includes in its concept, in addition to ideas, the way of life in a particular society on the one hand, and the social behavior that characterizes the actions of the individual on the other hand. The goal of both previous warnings is how the elements of culture become: - Ethics, beauty, practical logic, applied art - Natural elements and phenomena become a positively influential reality in the world of people, the world of ideas and the world of things.
Zu den Schwierigkeiten beim Genitivseinsatz Dativ gegen Genitiv
Authors: Fehama Benabdelkader Amina
Published: September 2023

On the difficulties in using the genitive dative as opposed to the genitive

For some people, grammar is an obstacle that interferes with their language acquisition and facilitating certain grammatical rules can be an important means of optimally realizing some learning goals. In this case, the genitive is at the centre of this change because of its formulation difficulties; substitute constructions and above all the dative play an important role in the genitive decline. The present paper aims at studying the difficulties and dispute between the two cases. In order to explain in detail these difficulties and this dispute between the two cases, dative and genitive. The genitive has a place or existence in the German language and above all in German as a foreign language lessons. We must also recognize that the genitive is used less frequently than it used to be; the struggle between dative and genitive seems insoluble.
Zu den Anglizismen in der deutschen Sprache: Vor-und Nachteile
Authors: Lashab Karima
Published: September 2023

On the Anglicisms in the German language: advantages and disadvantages

The temporary adoption and adaptation of words from other languages into a given language is part of the vitality of all language development. Foreign language influences are primarily responsible for this development. The occurrence of English linguistic elements in the German language is one of the above-mentioned tendency, which is referred to as Anglicisms. This paper focuses on the on the Anglicisms in the German language trying to shed light on its advantages and disadvantages.
Die Sprechkompetenz unter psychologischem Aspekt
Authors: Taiebi Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Speech competence from a psychological point of view

It is challenging to agree on one definition to the concept speaking. It is not just talking, as almost everyone thinks, but also expressing feelings, psychology and, above all, communicating. A message can be transmitted to which a reaction is desired, be it verbal or non-verbal. Users of the German Language as a foreign language have difficulties at different levels when it comes to speaking. The present paper aims at tackling the communicative ability in its oral aspect and the impact of the speakers’ psychology on their proficiency. In addition to general language and some psychological barriers, there are also physical conditions such as intentionality, perception, attention, the ability to concentrate, orientation towards the other, the willingness to submit one's thoughts to the other, the classification of what has been understood also belong to one's own understanding of the world.
Motivation und Selbstlernen mit Computer
Authors: Shafi Sihem
Published: September 2023

Motivation and self-learning with computers

The new media are the focus of this scientific work and teaching in the fields of media education and media research. The importance of computer use as an entry point into the world of new digital media is highlighted. These new media can enrich and develop foreign languages if the foreign language learners themselves have the necessary technical and methodical-didactical competence. Self-directed learning opens up the possibility of organizing the learning process for individual needs and abilities. The learners must be aware of their available strategies and techniques and be able to anticipate the success of the respective method based on the learning objective.
التجربة البصرية في شعر محمد بنيس
Authors: الشيخ حليمة
Published: September 2023

The visual experience in the poetry of Mohamed Bennis

The semantic and rhythmic unity formed by the poetic verse led to imparting a stable perception of the poetic structure in the visual memory, with the writing experience of the great Moroccan poet Mohamed Bennis belonging to pluralism as a sign of modernity, as it combines creative practice with theory on the basis of a wide culture. Therefore, we considered in this study, Muhammad Benis, the poet, and we focused specifically on the visual space of poetics in his poetic experience through his adventure in building the differed text. The primary role that the visual body of the text can play in a step to achieve a different understanding of poetic writing is based on considering language as a tool, and this is the consideration according to which the poet’s work becomes an industry and a material for language strudture formation or rather construction. What is constant is that the written poetic text becomes a succession of visual signs over a specific space. These signs do not go beyond the scope of linguistic evidence. The poetic experience of Muhammad Bennis extends over time, with the obsession of emigrating to familiar places, and it truly contributes to drawing the map of contemporary Arabic poetry. These aspects of Benis poetry constitutes the heart of discussion in this article.
موقف الاتجاه الجمالي من النقد النفسي
Authors: قدور ابراهيم
Published: September 2023

The attitude of the aesthetic trend towards psychological criticism

Mustafa Nassef has shown the scholars' lack of interest in the findings of scientists regarding psychoanalysis, as they considered it to be devoid of every idea, such as the unreasonable, dreaming, psychological disorders, diseases of the mind, amon other things. Also, he Explained the importance of psychology to the psychoanalytic method. Thus, every behavior is ambiguous except that it has a number of meanings. With this given reality, psychological analysis gave another view of the literary work as a language with deep semantic dimensions. Nassef also showed positive aspects in psychoanalysis when talking about the symbol. He benefited from Freud's revelations about meaning and its impact on the understanding of the literary text and its positive repercussions when dealing with the literary text. The researcher concluded through this study that Mustafa Nasif has two positions on psychoanalysis: a position of acceptance and a position of rejection. He acknowledged its contribution into enlightening the ideas and perceptions of writers and critics, and warned against making a literary work as just a mere psychological document, and that a literary work cannot be understood in the light of the writers' organic pests and their psychological complexes.
الترجمة المرجعية المعرفية والمنهجية لنظرية التلقي
Authors: بصافي رشيدة
Published: September 2023

Cognitive and methodological reference translation of the theory of reception

The most prominent feature of the concept of reception in cognitive reality and literature is that it falls into a kind of conflict between existentialism and its philosophical and logical directions and conceptions. This led to the occurrence of ideological political conflicts in German thought with the Marxist system; which opposed the reception theory. On the other hand, we realized that the theory of reception gives great attention to attributing complete freedom to the individual in order to live his existential and cognitive reality; a fact that made the theory of reception a revolution against this system, which tightened its grip on the reader, making him directed by this compulsion for a long time in Germany. On the basis of these assumptions, the theory of reception built its critical and cognitive principles on the fact that the reality of the text is just an image without dimensions. Perhaps what prompted this kind of study and the cognitive vision adopted by the reception theory in its traetment of the cognitive reality, namely the literary text, its great interest in the merit of reception and the principle of perception itself. These principles, which became later the main pillar in the theory of reception, are perhaps the most important ones: the freedom of the reader, the making of meaning or the concept through participation, and finally the essential purpose of aesthetic pleasure.
Die Grammatik und Fremdsprachenunterricht
Authors: Anes Asma
Published: September 2023

The role of Grammar in foreign language teaching

Grammar and foreign language teaching is a broad subject. Foreign language teaching is about presenting patterns, i.e. explaining and correcting them. The term grammar is used in modern linguistics for different subject areas, e.g. grammar as knowledge or as a teaching of the morphological and syntactic regularities of a natural language. The aim of grammar in foreign language teaching in general is to promote the students’ language proficiency, especially language skills. This article examines the extent to which grammar conveys the regularities of the foreign language to the learners in an internal system of regularities.
Task-Based Learning Approach: From Theory to Practice
Authors: Grazib Mohamed
Published: September 2023

The field of teaching has witnessed the elaboration of bounteous approaches and methods, eached influenced by a learnig theory and a teaching theory. The task-based approach is an example of these innovations in teaching in general and English language teaching in particular. With its three-phase procedure, pre-task, task and post-task phases, the task-based approach fits project- based learning and is consistent with the competency-based approach. This paper aims to popularise the use of the task-based learning as an approach in ELT classrooms. The focus will be also on the way teachers switch from theory to practice keeping the same pedagogical objectives. The paper sheds light on the main phases of the task-based learning approach, its advantages if used with students having different abilities and how to evaluate their tasks.
Diaglossia and Educational Development
Authors: Sebane Zoubida
Published: September 2023

In most Arabic countires, there is a diglossic situation where two variteis are in use, namely Fusha and Darija. The former is the high variety that is considered as a formal language and functions as the official statanrd language in all Arab countirs and the latter is a low variey and can be considered as colloquial Arabic. Fusha can be seen as the modern descendant of Classical Arabic which is mainly used for writing in formal discourse in the Arab world and is learned through formal education. Darija, however, represents the mother tongue that is learned naturally and can be distinguished in a number of varieties that differ along geographical lines. The present paper focuses on the relationship between the Arabic diglosic situation and education. In such educaltional contexts, Fusha can be seen as a second language but in terms of teaching methodologies It is approached as the first language. This sociolinguistic situation delays literacy acquisition due to a lack of transparent relation between speech and literacy. There is a widespread of functional literacy due to diglossia, which has a negative effect on children’s aability to acquire reading and writing skills in Fusha. Continuous efforts to improve language policies in the Arab world are taking place, most of these attempts focus on pedagogical and linguistic suggestions to facilitate the learning of Fusha, while ignoring the diglossic situation and its effects on the learning process.
Les caractérisations de la femme maghrébine dans Izuran et La Scaléra de Fatéma Bakhaï
Authors: Aïssa-Kolli Khaldia
Published: September 2023

Characterizations of the Maghrebi woman in Izuran and La Scaléra by Fatéma Bakha

The woman has long been on the margins. She differs from the man by her secondary nature but she has maintained the reins of power and the forefront in the various writings, since the dawn of time, as being pampered and adulated. Before accessing the idealized image of a high-value mother, the woman as a wife was submissive, endurance and suffering took over. In this incredible imbroglio posed by all the responsibilities expected of a woman, the modern woman remains the equal if not the parallel of the traditional woman. If it is not the fact that the modern woman is distinguished by her erudition and her financial liberation which allowed her to enjoy amenities worthy of alleviating her life. The author's vision is to highlight the change in the social status of woman after the dominant position fluttered towards that of the dominated. Consequently, this overlap allowed her to access a higher rank than that of a man without generalizing her extent in a community. The author's reflection on a major subject such as the status of woman aims to show its complexity. The typology of the female characters presented resulted in distinguishing the different facets (mother, wife, modern, traditional woman) attributed to her. This allowed us to see the different roles embodied by women. An exemplary and maternal woman following the example of the mother and the wife but considered an inferior being because she was constantly alienated from frustrations and endurances. The education and emancipation of modern women have enabled them to revolt and improve their living conditions, those of their children and even of their husbands. The author has insisted on the condition of women since prehistory with a positive and rewarding image to show that women are big enough to be alongside men and support them in their journey. In this militant approach, the author intends to show her vision of the world towards the status of women, which must change towards a dynamic of progress and fulfilment.
La chanson au service de l’apprentissage des langues étrangères : Le cas du FLE au sein de l’école algérienne
Authors: Djallel Sidi Mohamed Benmedjahed
Published: September 2023

The song at the service of learning foreign languages: The case of FFL in the Algerian school

It is no secret that Algerians are not champions in foreign languages. To overcome these shortcomings, a new learning method could make our work easier: singing. A scientific study published in the journal Memory & Cognition reveals that learning foreign words by singing them makes it easier to remember them. But also to acquire long-term language and cultural competence. Our research tested participants on French as a foreign language. Particularly difficult to master, the language has a very different structure from ours, which is the Arabic dialect. French is a very difficult language to master and it seems to us that fun activities such as songs could facilitate learning the target language and make it effective. Our participants listened to a series of songs, then sang and repeated them during a three-month training. They were then given a test to note which words were retained. Learners who chose to sing retained twice as many words as their classmates. A result that also applies in the long term. When they were subjected to the same tests many months later, they still had them in their memory. The researcher believes that these results should open the door to a new form of foreign language learning. “Most people regularly remember the words they heard in songs. The whole question is whether the melody provides an additional marker in the learners’ memory”, while specifying that this type of method is already in use among the youngest. The use of singing is already obvious in primary and middle school. For the learner, melodies are a speech facilitator. “The practice of language through songs promotes the acquisition of the musicality of the language. It also makes it possible to identify the sound components of language. The syllabization and the rhymes indicate the internal rhythm of the sentence and help the child to restore the melodic curve of a sentence”, underlined the Ministry of National Education, in a report in 2008.
L’alternance codique : une pratique de communication langagière
Authors: Bouchiba Ghlamallah Zineb
Published: September 2023

Code-Switching: A language Communication Practice

This article proposes a reflection on this so common practice that is code switching in a situation of language contact: Is it the means of communication of the perfect bilingual or a proof of the ignorance of the languages in contact? Should it be described in terms of a linguistic deficit or as a repertoire from which the speaker draws according to his needs? The aim here is not to analyze a few sentences or a conversation presenting types of code switching, but to show, through terminological clarifications, that this notion can be used to describe our way of speaking, the Algerian Arabic, without limiting ourselves to the strict framework of language teaching, and above all without calling into question either the status of the languages involved, or the linguistic knowledge of the speakers.
Multilingualism in Algeria: the case of appellation of Algerian TV channels
Authors: Labed Zohra
Published: September 2023

Despite the official claims that Algeria is assembled around one language, sociolinguistic observations however substantiate the existence of multilingualism, the use of more than one language, in the country. Historically, different races co-inhabited with the Algerian indigenous Berbers. The phoneticians have marked their presence within the Algerian territories and been followed by the Europeans and the Arabs. Although it is only foreign today, French has exercised the most remarkable European impact on the Algerians. Classical Arabic, the language of Islam, has been elevated to the status of official and first national language. Dialectal Arabic is the native variety of the Algerian majority, simultaneously with the Berber minority language being also the second national language. Moreover, the global English language does not quit gaining ground in the country. The media is one politico-economic fountainhead of information and entertainment with a wide range of viewers worldwide. The Algerians are increasingly facing new media TV channels of which many are featured by multilingualism in their appellation. This paper focuses on this present sociolinguistic situation and attempts to describe the different manifestations of the phenomenon of multilingualism at this level.
L’alternance codique : jeu de mot et/ou effet de sens Dans le discours journalistique ?
Authors: Miri Benabdallah Imène
Published: September 2023

Code-Switching: Pun and/or meaning effect in journalistic discourse ?

Our research in Sciences of the Language suggests studying the linguistic practices of the used languages in the journalistic speech, and more particularly that of the journalistic columns (chronicles) "Tranche de Vie" of the Daily paper of Oran. From a set of neologisms, of lexical loans and of code alternations, we operate an analysis of the lexical creativity of used French in the journalistic speech. The processing of the linguistic specificities is going to allow us to study the realities of the use of the French language beside the other languages in a media context and to describe their mode of operation in this type of speech. Our objective is to report the discursive and linguistic dynamics of the use of French and the other languages in Algeria, and it is true through the study of the functioning of a specific lexicon appropriate to a journalistic, appearing writing.
ترجمة النص المالي
Authors: Djebaili Baya
Published: September 2023

Financial Text Translation

Nowadays, specialized translation has acquired a great importance in different fields, particularly in the domain of affairs and finance. The domains covered by financial translation are various. They range from simple economic research to the most complex accounting studies. It is thus necessary for this translation to have a deep knowledge of the issue to be tackled, and a total mastery of the mechanisms of finance. Translating the financial terminology is the greatest obstacle that a translator meets in his work. This is due to its technical nature as well as the different neologisms regularly used in the language of finance. The most important element of this piece of work is the importance of research in both documentation and terminology. If these two elements are properly carried out, they allow the translator to translate any specialized text in any field without necessarily being a specialist in the domain in question. Nevertheless, he must usually carry out continuous research and have a universal knowledge. He also has to enrich and update his databases and terminological files to make of his translation a driving force for the coming translations.
الترجمة الأدبية وسؤال التأويل
Authors: Belkacemi Hafida
Published: September 2023

Literary Translation and The Question of Interpretation

The second half of the 20th century was particularly marked by the deepening of hermeneutical philosophy. This development has largely influenced various sciences and disciplines, in particular the arts and humanities. First, it was a question of studying the issues relating to modern man and his “existence” in the face of the “text” according to a hermeneutic approach. Philosophers of hermeneutics have been particularly interested in this discipline, not only because it derives from the Latin origin of its term but also because translation deals with the understanding of texts by exposing any language to the challenges of survival through relation to its culture and its identity Translation, being at the center of this uncertainty between the global and the local, the unique and the diverse, the global and the specific, had to be at the heart of the hermeneutic question, by introducing the interpretation in its dualities of "freedom and literalness", of "fidelity and infidelity".
La situation linguistique en Tunisie : Quelle évolution après la révolution
Authors: Boughnim Amel
Published: September 2023

The Linguistic Situation in Tunisia: What evolution after the revolution?

This contribution shed light on the language situation in Tunisia, particularly the status of the French language and the language of the Amazigh. We process including interviewing programs of both major political parties in Tunisia and based on qualitative interviews conducted with leaders of these parties’ analysis. French enjoys independence from Tunisia a privileged status. Historically the language of administration and education, many Tunisians are now bilingual. However, since the so-called "Jasmine" revolution, this status is challenged by the rise of English in teaching but also because of some political parties who wish to emphasize classical Arabic and strengthen the Arab identity Tunisian Muslim. In contrast to the privileged status of the French language, Tamazight is completely absent political projects since independence. Despite their historical primacy on Tunisian soil, the Amazigh language and culture seem to be perceived as a threat for the Tunisian identity.
Le défi de la diversité culturelle et l’enseignement du FLE en Algérie
Authors: Cheikh Saadia
Published: September 2023

The challenge of cultural diversity and the teaching of French as a foreign language in Algeria

The intercultural approach is imperative in the teaching French foreign language because no human, in archaic or modern society is without culture, but every culture is singular and Algeria does not make the exception and the Algerian learner is multicultural and multilingual. Then how can we make sensitive our learners in the cultural skill and which are the didactic proposals to approach the intercultural in class of French as a foreign language?