bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Model to Illustrate the Potential Pairing of Animal Biotelemetry with Individual-Based Modeling
Authors: Brosnan Ian G , Welch David W
Published: June 2020

Background. Animal biotelemetry and individual-based modeling (IBM) are natural complements, but there are very few published examples where they are applied together to address fundamental or applied ecological questions. Existing studies are often found in the modeling literature and draw opportunistically on small datasets collected for purposes other than the model application. Animal biotelemetry can provide the robust measurements that capture relevant ecological patterns needed to parameterize, calibrate, and assess hypotheses in IBMs; together they could help meet demand for predictive modeling and decision-support in the face of environmental change. Results. Using an exemplar, simple IBM that uses spatio-temporal movement patterns of 103 acoustic-tagged juvenile yearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to quantitatively assess two migratory strategies smolts are hypothesized to use while migrating north through the plume of the Columbia River (United States of America), we find that animal biotelemetry can provide the robust measurements that capture relevant ecological patterns needed to parameterize, calibrate, and assess hypotheses in IBMs; together they could help meet demand for predictive modeling and decision-support in the face of environmental change.Conclusions. Animal biotelemetry and individual-based modeling are now mature fields of inquiry. Our hope is that this model description and the basic analytical techniques will effectively illustrate individual-based models for the biotelemetry community, and perhaps inspire new collaborations between biotelemetry researchers and individual-based modelers.
Combining Machine Learning with Bayesian Inverse Modelling to Estimate the Conditional Probability of Developing Oropharyngeal Cancer following an Oral Human Papilloma Virus Infection
Authors: Tewari Prerna , Kashdan Eugene , Walsh Cathal , Martin Cara , Parnell Andrew , O'Leary John
Published: June 2020

Background Despite an epidemic increase in the prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) related Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OPSCCs) in Northern America and parts of Europe, there is virtually no information about the natural history of these cancers. The lack of well–defined precursor lesions and limited data on oral HPV persistence and clearance rates, poses a challenge for disease modelling. We propose a novel mathematical modelling approach to estimate the conditional probability of developing HPV related OPSCCs following a prevalent HPV infection and other covariates. Methods We developed a double-Bayes method, whereby a Bayesian machine learning model first estimates the probability of an individual having an oral HPV infection, given OPSCC and other covariate information. The model is then inverted using Bayes’ theorem to reverse the probability relationship. The mathematical model was derived from two datasets representing the adult population in the United States (US), the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER) Head and Neck with HPV Status Database and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. Results The model dataset contains 8,623 subjects of which 70.7% had a prevalent oral HPV positive infection. When stratified by age, sex, marital status and race/ethnicity, the model estimated higher conditional probability for developing OPSCCs following an oral HPV infection in non-Hispanic White males and females compared to other race/ethnicities. Non-Hispanic White males with an oral HPV infection had nearly two fold higher risk of developing OPSCC than non-Hispanic White females (10.6 cases per 10,000 thousand vs 5.05 cases per 10,000) in the age range 50-60. Conclusion We have employed a novel statistical approach to estimate the conditional probability of developing OPSCCs following an oral HPV infection and covariates age, sex, ethnicity and marital status in the US population. We recognise that at best this is a first guess estimate of a natural history model of HPV driven OPSCCs within the existing limitations of the model.
Proteasome Inhibitors Counteract the Effect of Cisplatin in HPV-Positive Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Vitro
Authors: Sugiyama Natsuki , Adrian Gabriel , Schwartz Stefan , Wennerberg Johan , Ekblad Lars
Published: June 2020

Background A rapid increase in human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is a global trend. Although HPV-positive patients have a more favorable prognosis, distant metastases occur, warranting new, systemic treatment options. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combining proteasome or MDM2 inhibitors with cisplatin on an HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line (LU-HNSCC-26).Methods The LU-HNSCC-26 cells were treated with proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib, carfilzomib or ixazomib) or MDM2 inhibitor (RG7112) in combination with cisplatin. Combinatorial effects were analyzed by isobolograms. Protein expression was investigated by Western blotting and cell cycle phase distribution by flow cytometry. Results There was no synergy between the substances and cisplatin. All proteasome inhibitors displayed antagonistic effects while the MDM2 inhibitor was additive in combination with cisplatin. The expression of p53 was only marginally affected and apoptosis was not detected. The cell cycle progression was halted in G0/G1 with all inhibitors and in S phase with cisplatin. The expression of p21 increased by bortezomib or carfilzomib, ixazomib increased p21 in combination with cisplatin while RG7112 did not affect p21. There was no effect on ERCC1 with any of the substances.Conclusions In the investigated HPV16-positive OPSCC cell line, proteasome inhibition decreased the effect of cisplatin. A possible mechanism for this includes low effects on p53 expression with concomitant increase in p21 expression and blocking of cell cycle progression in G0/G1 with preserved DNA damage repair. The combination of proteasome inhibition with ordinary cytotoxic treatment for HPV-positive OPSCC patients is thus questionable, and clinical trials should be preceded by thorough testing in adequate models.
Comparison of Reproductive Health and its Related Factors in Vulnerable and Non-vulnerable Women
Authors: Zolfaghari - Elham , Boroumandfar - Zahra , Nekuei Nafisehsadat
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

Women's health is supposed to be one of the indicators of development. Reproductive health is an important part of women's health. Vulnerable women are a group of women whose reproductive health needs to be given special attention. The aim of this study was to compare reproductive health and its related factors in vulnerable and non-vulnerable women.
Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted on women covered by special centers for vulnerable women (n = 250) and comprehensive health centers (n = 250). The samples were randomly selected from Isfahan (Iran) from October to December 2017. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire completed by the researcher using interview method. Internal reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed to be 0.89 using Cronbach's alpha. The data were analyzed in SPSS 20 using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Pearson and Spearman tests. P < 0.05 was considered to be significant.
Results

The results showed that the mean total score of reproductive health in the non-vulnerable group (81.41) was significantly higher than that of the vulnerable group (68.6). The mean total score and the score of reproductive health components, except for access to and receipt of health services and healthy reproductive counseling, were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). Having an addicted spouse and unsafe sex were the most prevalent features associated with high risk behaviors. Smoking and alcohol consumption were significantly higher in the vulnerable group (P < 0.01).
Conclusion

According to the results, reproductive health status of vulnerable women is inappropriate in all dimensions. Given the importance of this issue, the development and implementation of special health programs for this group seems to be necessary in order to promote their reproductive health.
Sustaining community choirs for diverse older adults after completion of the Community of Voices trial: A multi-stakeholder, multi-site qualitative study
Authors: Allison Theresa A. , Johnson Julene K. , Stewart Anita L , Portacolone Elena , Simpson Michaela , McSpadden Shireen , Sherman Sylvia , Napoles Anna Maria
Published: June 2020

Background

The growing and increasingly diverse U.S. aging population needs sustainable, evidence-based interventions to maintain health and independence in the community. Through a three-way collaboration between a university research partner, an aging services partner and a community music partner, we developed and tested a senior center-based choir intervention for ethnically diverse older adults that decreased loneliness and increased engagement. We now report on the key factors affecting sustainment, defined by continuation of the choirs after the completion of the trial and ongoing participation of older adults.
Methods

Of the twelve choirs in the study, five were provided with additional funding to sustain the choirs for an additional six months, without technical support from the researchers. During this sustainment period, semi-structured individual and focus group interviews were conducted with key stakeholders (trial participants who continued in the choirs, music professionals, and administrators). We explored facilitators and barriers to continued participation in the choirs and sustainment of the choirs themselves by the senior centers and music professionals. Transcripts were open coded using ATLAS.ti by two researchers not involved in the original CRT, followed by axial coding by a third researcher. Differences were reconciled by discussion.
Results

Salient themes emerged at all levels. Intrapersonal: a sense of well-being and positive emotion facilitated choir participation, and sustainment of the choirs, but major health issues and negative emotions led trial participants to discontinue the choirs at the end of the trial. Interpersonal: a sense of social connection and support facilitated sustainment, but negative social interactions and competing obligations, particularly participants’ family responsibilities, created barriers. Structural/organizational: organizational features such as comfortable rehearsal space or clear scheduling, facilitated sustainment, but structural issues with parking and transportation created barriers. Administrators emphasized funding as crucial to sustainment. To date, all of the choirs from the original CRT have been sustained and the community partners are actively disseminating the intervention outside of the research setting.
Conclusions

Senior center-based choirs are readily sustainable. A conceptual model is provided to guide the implementation of future choirs and other community-based social interventions.
Trial registration:

The original trial was registered under ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT01869179. Registered 9 January 2013, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01869179
The Polymorphism of HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1,-DQB1,-DRB3/4/5 loci in Zhejiang Han Population,China Using NGS Technology
Authors: Wang Fang , Dong Lina , Wang Wei , Chen Nanying , Zhang Wei , He Ji , Zhu Faming
Published: June 2020

Background The allele and haplotype frequencies of HLA loci are various in the populations. Most of the data for HLA alleles and haplotypes were at low resolution or two fields resolution. Here, the data for HLA alleles and haplotypes at three fields resolution was reported in Chinese Han population. Methods All samples were come from the Zhejiang Cord Blood Bank, China after information consent. HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1, -DRB3/4/5 loci was genotyped using next generation sequencing (NGS) method. The allele frequencies of HLA loci were analyzed at three fields resolution. The haplotype estimation and linkage disequilibrium analysis was used Arlequin software 3.5.2.2. Result The top three frequent alleles of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1 loci were A*11:01:01 (25.81%), A*24:02:01 (16.70%), A*02:01:01 (10.61%); B*40:01:02 (15.97%), B*46:01:01 (11.48%), B*58:01:01 (7.96%); C*07:02:01 (19.03%), C*01:02:01 (17.65%), C*03:04:01 (10.41%); DRB1*09:01:02 (17.96%), DRB1*12:02:01 (9.57%), DRB1*08:03:02 (9.54%); DQB1*03:01:01(21.05%), DQB1*03:03:02 (19.15%), DQB1*06:01:01 (12.08%); DRB4*01:03:01(25.72%), DRB3*02:02:01(20.27%), DRB5*01:01:01(10.96%) respectively. A total of 1542 distinct A-B-C-DRB1-DQB1-DRB3/4/5 haplotypes were identified. The alleles of HLA loci were showed strong linkage disequilibrium. Conclusion The data of allele and haplotype of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1 and -DRB3/4/5 loci at three fields resolution level was obtained, which will help to analyze the HLA ploymorphism in the populations.
Internal Hospital Crises and Disasters in The Netherlands, 2000-2020
Authors: Klokman Vincent , Barten Dennis G. , Peters Nathalie A.L.R. , Versteegen Marieke G.J. , Wijnands Jaap J.J. , Osch Frits van , Gaakeer Menno I. , Tan Edward C.T.H. , Boin Arjen
Published: June 2020

Study ObjectiveInternal hospital crises and disasters (IHCDs) occur with regularity and require the attention of emergency managers, hospital administrators, and physicians to prepare their hospitals accordingly. Information on the frequency and types of IHCDs is limited and we aim to characterise the disasters that occurred in Dutch hospitals from 2000 to 2020.MethodsA retrospective search of news articles utilizing the LexisNexis database, Google, Google News, PubMed and EMBASE between 2000 and 2020 was conducted. All articles mentioning the closure of a hospital department in the Netherlands were analysed.ResultsA total of 134 IHCDs were identified in a 20-year time period. Of these IHCDs, there were 96 (71.6%) emergency department (ED) closures, 76 (56.7%) operation room (OR) closures, 56 (41.8%) evacuations, 26 (17.9%) reports of injured persons, and 2 (1.5%) reported casualties. Cascading events of multiple failures transpired in 39 (29.1%) IHCDs. The primary causes of IHCDs were Information and Communication Technology (ICT) failures, technical failures, fires, power failures, and hazardous material danger. An average of 6.7 IHCDs occurred per year and a comparison between initial and latter decade intervals showed an increasing trend with a rate ratio (RR) of 3.2. ICT failures have also significantly increased in this same interval with a RR of 14.2.ConclusionIHCDs occur frequently in the Netherlands and have marked effects on hospital critical care departments; EDs in particular. Significantly increasing numbers of IHCDs and ICT related IHCDs per year indicate a worrying trend requiring attention by emergency managers and hospital administrators.
Relationship Between Changes in Quality of Life and Grading of Genitourinary Toxicity After Brachytherapy with I-125 Alone for Localised Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hashimoto Yaichiro , Motegi Atsushi , Akimoto Tetsuo , Mitsuhashi Norio , Omatsu Kenta , Kawanishi Miki , Ishi Yuka , Kono Sawa , Iizuka Junpei , Tanabe Kazunari , Karasawa Kumiko , Kuribayashi Shigehiko
Published: June 2020

Background A rapid increase in human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is a global trend. Although HPV-positive patients have a more favorable prognosis, distant metastases occur, warranting new, systemic treatment options. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combining proteasome or MDM2 inhibitors with cisplatin on an HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line (LU-HNSCC-26).Methods The LU-HNSCC-26 cells were treated with proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib, carfilzomib or ixazomib) or MDM2 inhibitor (RG7112) in combination with cisplatin. Combinatorial effects were analyzed by isobolograms. Protein expression was investigated by Western blotting and cell cycle phase distribution by flow cytometry. Results There was no synergy between the substances and cisplatin. All proteasome inhibitors displayed antagonistic effects while the MDM2 inhibitor was additive in combination with cisplatin. The expression of p53 was only marginally affected and apoptosis was not detected. The cell cycle progression was halted in G0/G1 with all inhibitors and in S phase with cisplatin. The expression of p21 increased by bortezomib or carfilzomib, ixazomib increased p21 in combination with cisplatin while RG7112 did not affect p21. There was no effect on ERCC1 with any of the substances.Conclusions In the investigated HPV16-positive OPSCC cell line, proteasome inhibition decreased the effect of cisplatin. A possible mechanism for this includes low effects on p53 expression with concomitant increase in p21 expression and blocking of cell cycle progression in G0/G1 with preserved DNA damage repair. The combination of proteasome inhibition with ordinary cytotoxic treatment for HPV-positive OPSCC patients is thus questionable, and clinical trials should be preceded by thorough testing in adequate models.
Association of physical fitness and motor ability at young age with locomotive syndrome risk in middle-aged and older men: J-Fit+ Study
Authors: Shen Shaoshuai , Suzuki Koya , Kohmura Yoshimitsu , Fuku Noriyuki , Someya Yuki , Naito Hisashi
Published: June 2020

Background

Physical fitness and motor ability are associated with the incidence of locomotive syndrome (LS) in the elderly. The relationship between physical fitness and motor ability at a young age and LS risk in later life remains to be clarified. This study examined the association between physical fitness and motor ability among university students and their risk of LS in middle and old age.

Methods

The participants were 231 male alumni aged 48–65 years of the Department of Physical Education of a university in Japan. Physical fitness and motor ability test results during their fourth year of university were used. Physical fitness tests included side-step test, vertical jump tests, back muscle, grip strength, trunk lift, standing trunk flexion, and step-test. Motor ability was tested using the 50-meter, 1,500-meter run, running long jump, hand-ball throw, and pull-up test. LS risk was assessed using a seven-question standardized self-administered Loco-check questionnaire. Participants were divided into three groups (low, medium, and high) based on physical fitness and motor ability test results at young age and the LS risk was assessed at older age across the three groups using the Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

From the 2017 follow-up questionnaires, LS risk was suspected in 31 (13.4%) participants. Higher performance on the side-step test was associated with reduced risk of LS (hazard ratio 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.058–0.798, P=0.022).

Conclusions

Good agility (side-step test) at a young age may reduce future risk of LS among middle-aged and older men.
The Illness and Treatment Beliefs of Adults with Blepharospasm and Hemifacial Spasm Receiving Botulinum Toxin Injections: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lawes-Wickwar Sadie , McBain Hayley , Hirani Shashivadan P. , Hurt Catherine S. , Dunlop Nicola , Solly Dianne , Crampton Bridget , Newman Stanton P. , Ezra Daniel G.
Published: June 2020

Background/ Aims: Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) and hemifacial spasm (HFS) cause eyelid and/or facial spasms. Treatment with botulinum toxin leads to a cyclical pattern of relief followed by symptoms returning. Limited evidence suggests a link between patients’ beliefs about their symptoms and perceived efficacy of treatment but further research is needed to establish the specific beliefs held by BEB and HFS about their condition and its treatment. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 130 patients with BEB or HFS was conducted at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London. Beliefs about the conditions and treatments were assessed using the Illness Perceptions Questionnaire (IPQ-R) and Treatment Representations Inventory (TRI). Patients also completed the Blepharospasm Disability Index (BSDI) and Craniocervical Dystonia Questionnaire (CDQ-24). Severity and frequency of spasms were recorded using the Jankovic Rating Scale (JRS). Relationships between the outcomes were identified using Pearson’s product-moment correlation. Results: A range of beliefs about the conditions and botulinum toxin were identified: participants associated BEB and HFS with a chronic timeline and believed their condition was not caused by psychological factors, risks, or their personality or lifestyle. Participants also demonstrated decision satisfaction related to treatment but had some treatment concerns. There was notable uncertainty in a number of patients’ beliefs. Conclusions: Participants believed their condition to be chronic and generally understood what caused BEB or HFS. Strong relationships between patients’ beliefs about their condition and treatment, and aspects of quality of life, were identified. This study highlights the uncertainty patients face in managing their condition which could be addressed in future interventions to improve patient outcomes, including quality of life.
Comparison of percutaneous vertebroplasty with a side-hole push rod and conventional percutaneous vertebroplasty for the treatment of OVCFs
Authors: Jin Zhengshuai , Zhou Hailong , Yan Xuefei , Wang Chunming , Mao Yuanqing , Tao Qiaolian , Qian Jinfang , Gu Jun , Chen Sheng
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty with a side-hole push rod (modified PVP) and conventional PVP in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs).Materials and methodsThis study included 69 patients with 1-level OVCFs. Perioperative indicators, including the operative time, cement injection volume, cement leakage rate, and distribution of cement in the fractured area, were analysed. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were administered pre- and postoperatively.ResultsNo significant differences were observed in the operative time or cement injection volume between the two groups (p > 0.05). The total diffusion score of bone cement in the PVP group was significantly lower than that in the modified PVP group (p < 0.05). Compared with the conventional PVP group, the modified PVP group had a significantly lower VAS score at 3 days postoperatively (p < 0.05). There were no differences in the VAS or ODI scores between the two groups at the last follow-up (p > 0.05). Bone cement leakage was observed in 15 cases in the conventional PVP group (15/32) and in 9 cases in the modified PVP group (9/37).ConclusionThe modified version of PVP provides sufficient cement to fill the fractured area and is associated with a lower incidence of cement leakage and undesired postoperative results than is conventional PVP, indicating that modified PVP is a safe and effective new technique for the treatment of OVCFs.
Elective Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience from Taiwan
Authors: Salonga Darwin , Parmar Chetan , Hsin Ming-Che , Liu Chia-Chia , Chen Yen-Chou , Huang Chih-Kun
Published: June 2020

Background: This study review the impact of an evolving pandemic on our elective operations, the timely and necessary precautions made by our government and institution to prevent and contain its spread.Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all Elective Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery done at our center from 1st January to 30th April 2020 compared to the same time period last year. A summary of the pathway for patients presenting to the hospital and healthcare worker surveillance was done.Results: Total of 99 patients underwent elective operations from 1st January - 30th April 2020. There were 59 females and 40 males with an average BMI of 35.20 kg/m2 and 40.68 kg/m2 respectively. Compared from the same period last year with a total 117 patients, a decline of 18 elective operations (-15.38%) was noted. All patients were properly screened for COVID-19. There was no reported case of post-operative fever of unknown etiology and/or upper respiratory infections developing COVID-19. There were no reported mortality. No surgeons or any healthcare worker in our center reported with COVID-19. We continue to do and offer elective operations, offer online and telephone consultation and follow up.Conclusion: Elective operations do not need to be postponed if you have early mitigation measures of a pandemic spread, prompt implementation of protocols and strict adherence to these measures.
Open Stented Elephant Trunk for Complicated Stanford Type B Aortic Dissection: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Tie Hongtao , Kong Lingwen , Tu Zhengjie , Zheng Delai , Chen Dan , Wu Qingchen , Li Qiang
Published: June 2020

Background: Open stented elephant trunk (SET) or SET with left subclavian artery to left common carotid artery bypass (LSCA-LCCA) is proven to a potentially alternative treatment for complex Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD). In the current study, we reported our experience with 10 consecutive patients who underwent open SET or with LSCA-LCCA bypass for patients.Methods: Patients with complicated TBAD underwent open SET for treatment from May 2016 to November 2018 in our institution were included. Patients’ clinical data were obtained from the electronic medical record system, and long-term clinical outcomes were collected by telephone interviews or outpatient interviews.Results: The average age of the 10 patients, including nine males and one female, was 47.3 (31–65) years. Increased D 2dimer and fibrinogen degradation products were observed in all patients at admission, and two patients had renal insufficiency. The average postoperative mechanical ventilation time, length of stay in intensive care unit and postoperative hospital length of stay were 46.9 (6.7-151.2) hours, 7.7 (4–17) days, and 15.7 (10–26) days. No postoperative death occurred. Acute kidney injury and other complications were observed, and they were all cured well when discharge. In long-term follow-up, computed tomography angiography indicated that aortas were completely well remodeled blood supply of the brachiocephalic trunks was normal without anastomotic complications, and all patients lived well.Conclusion: SET or SET with LSCA-LCCA bypass shows satisfactory clinical outcomes, and it could be considered as an alternative treatment. Well-designed, large-scale studies with long-term follow-up are still needed.
The role of lateral neck multi-level fine-needle aspiration in predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with cN1b papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Song Yuntao , Xu Guohui , Wang Tianxiao , Yu Hao , Zhang Bin
Published: June 2020

Objective:To assess the accuracy of preoperative ultrasound (US)-guided multilevel fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in mapping metastatic levels in the lateral neck, and its potentiality as a predictor of superselective neck dissection.Methods: Patients with PTC metastasizing to the lateral neck who were initially treated at Peking University Cancer Hospital from June 2018 to January 2020 were included. FNA was performed preoperatively; cytological examination (FNA-C) and thyroglobulin measurement of the needle washout fluid (FNA-Tg) were combined to determine metastatic neck levels.Results: In total, 91 patients underwent 103 LNDs. The best cutoff value of FNA-Tg for the diagnosis of metastatic level was 1.0 ng/ml. In 52/103 (50.5%) cases, the involved levels diagnosed by FNA were consistent with that diagnosed by postoperative pathology. By univariate analysis, in patients with three or more positive levels diagnosed by FNA, the rate of level ⅡB and VB metastasis was significantly higher (P<0.05).Conclusion: Multilevel FNA has limited accuracy in predicting the extent of metastasis in the lateral neck of PTC patients. However, if three or more levels are positive in the preoperative FNA-C or FNA-Tg, the LND should encompass levels ⅡB and ⅤB.
Assessment of Cardiac Amyloidosis With 99MTC-pyrophosphate (PYP) Quantitative Spect
Authors: Ren Chao , Ren Jingyun , Tian Zhuang , Du Yanrong , Hao Zhixin , Zhang Zongyao , Fang Wei , Li Fang , Zhang Shuyang , Hsu Bailing , Huo Li
Published: June 2020

Background: 99mTc-PYP scintigraphy provides differential diagnosis of ATTR cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) from lightchain cardiac amyloidosis and other myocardial disorders without biopsy. This study was aimed to assess the diagnostic feasibility and the operator reproducibility of 99mTc-PYP quantitative SPECT.Method:Thirty-seven consecutive patients underwent a99mTc-PYP thorax planar scan followed by SPECT and CT scans to diagnose suspected ATTR-CM were enrolled. For the quantitative SPECT, phantom studies were initially performed to determine the image conversion factor (ICF) and partial volume correction (PVC) factor to recover 99mTc-PYP activity concentration in myocardium for calculating the standardized uptake value (SUV) (unit: g/ml). SUVmaxwas compared among groups of ATTR-CM, ALcardiac amyloidosisand other pathogens (Others), and among categories of Perugini visual scores (Grade: 0-3).The intra- and inter-operator reproducibility of quantitative SPECT was verified, and the corresponded repeatability coefficient (RPC) was calculated. Results: The ICF was 79,327 Bq/mlto convert count rate in pixelto 99mTc activity concentration. PVC factor as a function of the measured activity concentration ratio in myocardium and blood-pool was [y=1.424*(1-exp(-0.759*x))+0.104]. SUVmax of ATTR-CM (7.50±2.68) was significantly higher than those of AL (1.96±0.35) and Others (2.00±0.74) (all p<0.05).SUVmax of Grade 3 (8.95±1.89) and Grade 2 (4.71±0.23) were also significantly higher than those of Grade 1 (1.92±0.31) and Grade 0 (1.59±0.39) (all p <0.05). Correlation coefficient(R2) of SUVmaxreached 0.966 to 0.978 with only small systematic difference (intra=-0.14; inter=-0.23) between two repeated measurements. Intra- and inter-operator RPCs were 0.688and 0.877.Conclusions:99mTc-PYPquantitative SPECT is a reliable method to quantitatively and objectively assess the burden of cardiac amyloidosis for diagnosis of ATTR-CM.
Protective effects of Schisandrin C on chondrocyte damage by inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB signal pathways
Authors: Li Ruipeng
Published: June 2020

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disorder that affects the elderly population. The pathogenesis of OA is related to cartilage degradation and inflammatory response. Schisandrin C (Sch C), a dibenzocyclooctadiene derivative of Schisandra chinensis, has been demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory effect in various inflammation diseases. However, the effect of Sch C on OA remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate its action on chondrocytes and explore the mechanism associated with the inflammatory response. Methods: In this study, we chose rabbits and SW1353 cells as in vivo/in vitro models. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP3), Nitric oxide (NO), IL-1β and TNF-α were detected by ELISA kits. The expression of MAPK/NF-κB related signaling molecules were determined by western blot. Results: In vitro, Sch C suppressed the IL-1β-induced production of NO and PGE2. Additionally, Sch C significantly decreased IL-1β-induced p65 phosphorylation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, as evidenced by the reduced phosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, Sch C prevented cartilage damage in rabbit OA model with lower Mankin’s score than the model group. Sch C also inhibited the level of inflammatory cytokines in the articular cavity flushing fluid in rabbit OA model. Conclusions: Our study suggested that Sch C inhibited the IL-1β-induced inflammation and cartilage degradation through suppressing the MAPK and NF-κB signal pathways, indicating a potential in OA treatment.
Effects of Brewers’ Spent Grain Protein Hydrolysates on Gas Production, Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Microbial Community in an Artificial Rumen Fed a High Grain Diet
Authors: Ran Tao , Jin Long , Abeynayake Ranithri , Saleem Atef Moohanmed , Zhang Xiumin , Niu Dongyan , Chen Lingyun , Yang Wenzhu
Published: June 2020

Background: Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) contains 20 ~ 29% protein with high amount of glutamine, proline and hydrophobic and non-polar amino acid residues, making it an ideal material for producing value-added products like bioactive peptides. Protein were extracted from BSG, hydrolyzed with 1% alcalase and flavourzyme, and the generated protein hydrolysates (AlcH and FlaH) showed antioxidant activities. This study was conducted to evaluate effects of AlcH and FlaH on gas production, fermentation characteristics, nutrient disappearance, microbial protein synthesis and microbial community using an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC) fed a high-grain diet.Results: Supplementation of FlaH decreased (P < 0.01) disappearances of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and starch, without affecting fibre disappearances; while AlcH had no effect on nutrient disappearance. Neither AlcH nor FlaH affected gas production and VFA profiles, except they enhanced (P < 0.01) NH3-N but decreased (P < 0.01) H2 production. Supplementation of FlaH decreased (P < 0.01) percentage of CH4 in total gas and dCH4 in dissolved gas. Addition of monensin reduced (P < 0.01) nutrient disappearances, improved fermentation efficiency and reduced CH4 and H2 emission. Total microbial nitrogen production decreased (P < 0.05) but proportion of feed particle associated (FPA) bacteria increased with FlaH and monensin. Numbers of OTUs or Shannon diversity indices of FPA microbial community were unaffected by AlcH and FlaH; whereas both indices were reduced (P < 0.05) by monensin. Taxonomic analysis revealed no effect of AlcH and FlaH on the relative abundance (RA) of bacteria at phylum level; monensin reduced (P < 0.05) the RA of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and enhanced Proteobacteria. The FlaH enhanced (P < 0.05) the RA of genus Prevotella, reduced Selenomonas, Shuttleworthia, Bifidobacterium and Dialister as compared to control; monensin reduced (P < 0.05) RA of genus Prevotella but enhaced Succinivibrio.Conclusions: Inclusion of FlaH in high-grain diet may potentially protect CP and starch from ruminally degradation, without adversely affecting fibre degradation and VFA profiles. The FlaH also showed promising effects on reducing CH4 production by suppressing H2 generation. Protein enzymatic hydrolysates from BSG using flavourzyme showed potential application to high value-added bio-products.
MIR-141 is Negatively Correlated With TLR4 in Neonatal Sepsis and Regulates LPS-induced Inflammatory Responses in Monocytes
Authors: Lin Xinyu , Wang Yaohui
Published: June 2020

Background: Neonatal sepsis is an inflammatory system syndrome caused by bacteria or viruses, which is the main cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. But currently there is a lack of an ideal biomarker to meet the standard. The abnormally expression of miRNAs may be a group of potential diagnostic biomarkers in neonatal sepsis.Methods: First, qRT-PCR was used to calculate the expression of miR-141 in the serum of neonatal with sepsis and control. The diagnostic value of PCT and serum miR-141 was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Second, the relationship between miR-141 and TLR4 was verified using luciferase report assay. An inflammation model was established using monocytes with the LPS treatment. Elisa analyzed the relationship between miR-141 and inflammatory factors.Results: qRT-PCR found that the expression of miR-141 in neonatal sepsis was significantly lower than healthy controls. ROC curve shows that miR-141 has high diagnostic accuracy. LPS stimulation in monocytes also led to a decrease in the expression of miR-141. Luciferase report assay proves that miR-141 can target and regulate TLR4 expression. ELISA proved that overexpression of miR-141 has the effect of inhibiting the LPS-induced inflammation in monocytes.Conclusion: In conclusion, miR-141 serves as a candidate diagnostic biomarker and is involved in the regulation of inflammatory response in the development of neonatal sepsis. Overexpression of miR-141 inhibits LPS-induced inflammation by targeting TLR4. Therefore, miR-141 is expected to be a potential diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target in neonatal sepsis.
Screening and Verification of Key Proteins in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Intervention of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Zhang Ying , Liu Jian , Jiang Hui , Wan Lei , Xin Ling
Published: June 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to simultaneously and quantitatively assess the expression levels of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) proteins in serum, and explore the intervention mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine. Methods: The differences between patients and controls were investigated by Raybiotech cytokine antibody microarray. Differentially expressed proteins between two groups were then used to build receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. The subsequent validation with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was widened to a larger number of RA (n=40) and healthy controls (n=10).Changes of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), rheumatoid factors (RF) and anti-citrullinated peptide autoantibodies (anti-CCP) in patients were statistically analyzed. Results: Six proteins interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-11 (IL-11), interleukin-17 (IL-17), tumor necrosis factor-β (TNF-β), cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen (CTLA)-4 were significantly up-regulated in RA compared with controls, while interleukin-8 (IL-8), programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) and B7-2 were significantly down-regulated. ELISA was performed to verify the three proteins with the most significant differences, and the results consistent with the antibody chip results. The highest diagnostic accuracy using a ROC curve was observed for IL-11 with an area under the curve of 1.00. Further, after treatment, IL-11, IL-17 and PD-L2 levels regulated, and compared with the herbs group (TC), xinfeng capsule (XFC) combination with herbs (UC) more regulated. The association rule results showed that the combination of XFC with herbs significantly improved IL-11, IL-17, PD-L2 and hs-CRP. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of antibody arrays to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis. IL-11, IL-17 and PD-L2 regulated by XFC combined with herbs.
Design a Haptic-Combined Virtual Reality System to Improve Box and Block Test (BBT) for Upper Extremity Function Assessment
Authors: Dong Ying , Liu Xiaoyu , Tang Min , Huo Hongqiang , Chen Duo , Wu Zhixin , An Ran , Fan Yubo
Published: June 2020

Background: The Box and Block Test (BBT) has been widely used to assess gross upper extremity (UE) motor function. We designed a haptic-combined virtual reality (VR) system, named VBBT, to improve BBT with kinematic parameters for more specific assessments.Methods: According to the block-transfer task in BBT, we designed a VBBT system with a haptic device to provide a sense of the grasping force and block's gravity during task performance for UE function assessment. Besides the number of transferred blocks (N-TB), some kinematic parameters were also collected in VBBT for more specific assessment, including the number of zero-crossings of moving acceleration (NZC-ACC), the number of zero-crossings of derivative of releasing force (NZC-DRF), the ratio of path length and linear length (PLR) and the distance between barrier partition and drop position (DDP). 16 post-stroke patients and 113 healthy subjects were recruited to examine quantitative performances, concurrent validity, test-retest reliability and subjective preference between the BBT and VBBT.Results: Based on the measurements of 95% healthy subjects, the normative ranges of quantitative performances were established for BBT and VBBT. Deficiencies in patients’ UE function could be identified when their measurements fell outsides. A moderate correlation was found in the N-TBs between the VBBT and BBT (r = 0.42). The measurements in VBBT presented a stronger age-related correlation than that in BBT (R2 = 0.57 and R2 = 0.16). The N-TBs in both BBT and VBBT were strongly correlated to the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) (|r| = 0.84 and 0.83), and the NZC-ACC and NZC-DRF in VBBT also showed significant correlations. (|r| = 0.76 and 0.79). The N-TB, NZC-ACC and NZC-DRF in VBBT showed a good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.75, 0.78 and 0.80) while a moderate reliability was found in BBT (ICC = 0.62). For the patient preference, VBBT was given a higher score than the BBT (p < 0.05) for its enjoyment and completion effort performing.Conclusion: The VBBT improved a gross manual assessment in BBT, which can provide clinically validated, reliable and motivative assessment with kinematic parameters for specific UE motor functions of post-stroke patients.
Dynamic Analysis of Bevel Gear System in Main Retarder
Authors: Wang Xinbo , Zhu Xuebin , Song Xiaobo , Wang Di , Liu Qing , Cheng Kaihua
Published: June 2020

The main retarder of vehicle is gear rotor system, its vibration property is complex. The whole transfer matrix method is a new algorithm to study, relationship of the displacements and forces are established considering gyroscopic moment and coupling vibration. The meshing point between rotors is treated as coupling element, balance equations are estalished on deformation compatibility condition. The globe status vectors including forces and displacements of all shafts were integrated into a whole transfer matrix. So it can be programming and has high numerical stability and accuracy. The influence of the meshing effect on vibration of the system can be systematically studied. The status vectors such as displacements, deflection angles, torsion angles, shearing forces, bending moments and torques are no longer independent. The vibration property of the geared rotor system was calculated and analyzed. The numerical results revealed that many coupling critical rational speeds of the system are derived. vibration of main retarder can be improved.
Comparative Clinical Characteristics Among Different Age Group of Adult COVID-19 Patients
Authors: peng yating , Zhou Aiyuan , Liao Xin , Deng Dingding , Huang Peng , Liu Wenlong , Jiang Mingyan , Xiang Xudong , Shuang Qingcui , Cai Shan , Chen Ping , Liao Xucai
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global infectious disease with a large burden of illness and high healthcare costs.Objectives: This study aimed to compare clinical features among adult COVID-19 patients in different age groups.Methods: Laboratory-confirmed adult COVID-19 infection cases between Dec 31, 2019 to March 8, 2020obtained from Neighboring Cities. Patients weredivided into five age groups:age＜30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-65, ≥65 y (elderly). Age, sex, history of chronic disease and epidemiology, symptoms, laboratory tests, and outcomes were compared among different agegroups. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate associated factors for severe or critical type.Results:We studied 299 cases. Median (IQR) age was 44(34,54) and 158 (53%) were male. Percent of bilateral involvement on chest radiographs was increased significantly with older age (p=0.005). 53.3% of 30-40 years, 50% of 40-50 years, 36.6% of ＜30 years and 36.2% of 50-60 years were imported case, none of the elderly were imported case. Among all the observed symptoms, only symptom of dyspnea was significantly different between the elderly group and other groups (p < 0.001).Proportion of severe or critical type was 2.4%, 5.3%, 9.5%, 14.5%, and 35%in patients with age＜30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-65, ≥65 (p < 0.001), respectively. At this point, ICU admissionrate, ARDSand shock rate and on medical treatment rate was increased especially in patients ≥65 years. 285 patients (95.3%) were curedand discharged, 12 patients (4.0%) were still on medical treatment in hospital. There were 2 (0.67%) deaths; these occurred among persons ≥65 y (p < 0.001). Old age, high HR on admission,high respiratory rate on admission, and history of chronic heart diseasewere independently associated with severe or critical .Conclusions:Proportion of severe or critical type increased with old age groups. Adults with old ageand high HR, R rate in admission and history of chronic heart disease were associated withsevere or criticaltype in COVID-19.
Spatial Pattern Analysis on Dengue Cases in Bangi district, Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Majid Nuriah Abd , Rainis Ruslan , Sahani Mazrura , Mohamed Ahmad Fariz , Aziz Sarah Aziz Abdul Ghani , Nazi Nurafiqah Muhamad
Published: June 2020

Background: Dengue outbreak has proliferated around the developing countries, including Malaysia, in recent decades. Thus, understanding the distribution pattern is essential for urbanization livelihood. Method: The objective of this study is to determine the trend of dengue cases reported from year 2014 to 2018 and the spatial pattern for dengue spread with reference to weather elements in Bangi town. Results: Spatial statistical analyses conducted found that the distribution pattern and spatial mean center for dengue cases was clustered at the east of Bangi region. Directional distribution observed that the elongated polygon of dengue cluster stretched from the northeast to the southwest of Bangi district. Standard distance for dengue cases was the smallest for the year 2014 (0.017 m), and the largest was in the year 2016 (0.019 m), whereas dengue cases in year 2015, 2017, and 2018 were measured at 0.018 m. The average nearest neighbor analysis also observed clustered patterns for dengue cases in Bangi district. Pearson’s correlation analysis found that temperature (r = -0.269) was negatively correlated with dengue cases for year 2014 and 2018; however, rainfall amount (r = 0.286) and rain days (r = 0.250) were positively correlated with dengue cases in year 2018.Conclusions: The three spatial statistical analyses (spatial mean center, standard distance, and directional distribution) findings illustrated that the dengue cases from the year 2014 to 2018 are clustered on the northeast to the southwest of the study region. The rainfall element is found to be a significant positive factor correlated for most study years compared to temperature element.