bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa Burm. F.) di Daerah Sibolga, Sumatera Utara Dengan Metode DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazil)
Authors: Harahap Ade Try Atwinda , Ridwanto Ridwanto
Published: June 2024

Tumbuhan gandarusa yaitu untuk pengobatan. Bagian tanaman yang digunakan adalah daun dan akar baik yang segar ataupun yang telah dikerinbgkan. Daunnya berkhasiat untuk mengatasi batuk, asma, nyeri lambung, rematik sendi, nyeri pinggang (encok), obat pening dan obat untuk haid yang tidak teratur. Kegunaan yang lain untyuk obat luka trpukul (memar), patah tulang, reumatik pada persendian, bisul, borok dan korengan. Tujuan:Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun Gandarusa dan untuk mengetahui golongan senyawa dalam daun gandarusa dan juga nilai IC50. Ekstrak didapat dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Metode: Ekstrak etanol daun Gandarusa diuji menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazil), dan menggunakan spektrofotometri UV - Visible untuk menentukan panjang gelombangnya. Hasil skrining fitokimia bahwa serbuk simplisia daun Gandarusa mengandung golongan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, triterpenoid, dan tannin. Hasil pengujian aktivas antioksidan dalam meredam radikal bebas DPPH menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun Gandarusa memiliki aktivitas antioksidan kategori kuat dimana ekstrak etanol daun Gandarusa memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 59,46 ppm. Kesimpulan:Hasil pengujian aktivasi antioksidan dalam meredam radikal bebas DPPH menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun Gandarusa memiliki aktivitas antioksidan kategori kuat.
Evaluation of the Educational Programme of Character in the School of SD IT Ummi Aisyah
Authors: Hanum Siti Hanifa , Nasution Inom , Siregar Nadia Sabrina , Nasution Fina Safitri , Yasmin Salsabila , Hasibuan Denny Fitriani , Amelia Faradillah , Zaki Fadhil Ahmad
Published: June 2024

Program evaluation is an assessment of the results of efforts to address and solve problems used in policies and programmes. Implementation Character Education aims to improve the quality of education leading to the process of achieving the formation of the character of the student in an integral, integrated, and balanced manner, according to the standards of competence of graduates. Character education evaluation is aimed at the cultivation of values within students and the renewal of a common lifestyle that appreciates individual freedom.  This research aims to find out the evaluation of character education programmes at SD IT Ummi Aisyah.  This research uses descriptive research methods with a qualitative approach. Evaluation of character education programmes is carried out to provide reinforcement, improvement and measure the successful implementation of the character education programme implemented by the educational organizers.
Analysis of Reading and Writing Skills on the Ability to Solve Math Story Problems of Junior High School Students in Saribudolok
Authors: Purba Fernando , Sihotang Harry Marcel Wahyu , Sukma Mentari , Tarigan Nafa Cleo Wulandari , Sarah Siti , Sihombing Thresia Veronika , Prasasti Tri Indah
Published: June 2024

This study aims to analyze the relationship between reading and writing skills and students' ability to solve mathematical problems in the form of stories. The research participants consisted of six ninth grade junior high school students who were grouped based on their average daily math test scores, referring to the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM). The research method applied was qualitative description. The data sources included test results, observations and interviews. The mathematical literacy test consisted of six questions that followed the PISA mathematical literacy indicators. The test results showed variations in students' ability to solve math problems, especially chance problems. Most students were able to solve routine problems (level 1), interpret problems (level 2), and use problem solving strategies (level 3). However, they face difficulties in problems that require the integration of different representations with concrete situations (level 4). An analysis of the test results showed that the group of students with higher score categories tended to be better at answering the questions. These results show the importance of reading and writing skills in improving students' ability to understand and solve math story problems.
Responsive Parenting and Friendship Quality in Adolescents: Interpersonal Communication Skills as a Mediator
Authors: Mahirah Aaliya Hana , Sampe Tondok Marselius
Published: June 2024

Existing knowledge indicates that responsive parenting significantly influences the quality of friendships among adolescents. However, previous research has not fully elucidated the dynamics within the relationship between responsive parenting and friendship quality. This study seeks to investigate the role of interpersonal communication skills as a mediator in relationships between responsive parenting and friendship quality. It involved 150 respondents aged 12-20 years (Mage = 16.87; SD = 2.51), comprising 50 early adolescents, 50 middle adolescents, and 50 late adolescents. Measurement of the three variables utilized scales: the Parental Responsiveness Scale subscale, the Interpersonal Communication Scale, and the McGill Friendship Questionnaires-Friend's Functions. Hypothesis testing using mediation analysis reveals that interpersonal communication skills mediate the relationship between father/mother's responsive parenting and friendship quality. These findings suggest that positive interactions between parents and adolescents through responsive parenting serve as models for adolescents in their peer relationships by enhancing interpersonal communication skills. The limitations and directions for further research are discussed.
Quality of Public Governance and Revenue Generation in Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Nura
Published: June 2024

The study examined the qualities of public governance on revenue generation in Nigeria. The study used worldwide governance indicators (WGI) as independent variables and government revenue as a percentage of GDP as dependent variables. Time series data from World Bank database and International Monetary Fund (IMF) for Public governance and revenue generation respectively for 25 years were collected and analysed. The findings revealed that control of corruption, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law and accountability and transparency has statistical impact on government revenue as a percentage of GDP; while political stability also has no statistical impact on government revenue as a percentage of GDP in Nigeria. The study recommends that the Nigerian anti-corruption agencies like Economic and Financial Crime commission (EFCC) and Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission (ICPC) saddle with the responsibilities of prosecuting corrupt officials in the court of law need to improve on their activities. Policy makers must regularly review the laws, rules, regulations, and policies of the country to ensure justice and peace for citizens and to protect property rights in order for rule of law and government effectiveness to achieve a more significant impact on revenue generation.
The influence of liquid mineral fertilizers on the phosphate regime of ordinary chernozem when cultivating chickpeas using No-Till technology
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Biryukova Olga , Erin Vladimir
Published: June 2024

The article presents the results of a production field experiment on ordinary carbonate chernozem for 2022–2023. The influence of liquid mineral fertilizers (LCF 11:37:0 and UAN-32) on the content of available phosphorus in the soil when cultivating chickpeas using No-till technology was studied. It has been established that the application of LCF and UAN increases the content of phosphorus available to plants in the soil during the entire growing season of chickpeas, which confirms the prolonged nature of their action. The effect of liquid mineral fertilizers on the phosphate regime of the soil depends on their type, dose and phase of development of chickpea plants. The greatest changes in the content of available phosphorus in ordinary chernozem were established when using liquid and LCF and LCF with UAN at a dose of 100 l/ha. Keywords: LCF, UAN, CHERNOZEM, MOBILE PHOSPHORUS, CHICKPEAS, NO-TILL TECHNOLOGY
Maintenance Management Of Mentilin (Cephalophacus bancanus bancanus) In Captivity In Alobi PPS As A Means Of Exsitu Conservation
Authors: Putri Dalimunthe Nurzaidah , Syafutra Randi , Priyansah Sujadi
Published: June 2024

Conservation is one of the efforts that can be made to prevent the decline in the population of Mentilin (Chephalophacus bancanus bancanus) and maintain its existence in nature so that the population is not disturbed. PPS Alobi is an animal rehabilitation center that plays a role in ex-situ conservation efforts for wild animals, so it must have the capacity to realize the ideals of conserving wild animals while ensuring the welfare of these animals in captivity. This research aims to determine the management of keeping mentilin (Cephalophacus bancanus bancanus) in captivity at the Alobi PPS as a means of ex-situ conservation of wild animals. The research was conducted using a survey approach, open and closed interviews, and questionnaires. Mentilin (Cephalopachus bancanus bancanus) maintenance management at PPS Alobi based on drum management parameters adopts an outdoor cage concept. It is built based on the natural needs of mentilin (Chephalophacus bancanus bancanus), and there is environmental enrichment for mentilin activities. Feed management operational standard feed management includes feeding based on the type and amount of feed as well as the frequency of feeding. Health management carries out animal health checks when the animals enter the Alobi PPS, followed by routine checks on the animals. Intensive care for animals that are sick or in unhealthy conditions means the frequency of administration of medicines and vitamins will be more intensive. Animal Health Management is to determine the animal's condition to be released back into its habitat and is supported based on knowledge of Mentilin primate animal conservation. Keywords: Mentilin (Cephalophacus bancanus bancanus), Exsitu conservasi mentilin, Maintenance management mentilin.
Selection Of Sugarcane Clones From Polycross In Ratoon Cane (Rc)
Authors: Yulaikah Sri , Herwati Anik , Mulyani Mulyani , Hariyanto Dian , Sohri Moch. , Slamet Slamet , Santoso Imam , Utari Dewi
Published: June 2024

Sugar productivity in Indonesia is still low, so it is unable to meet national sugar needs. The use of superior varieties with high productivity is needed to increase sugar productivity. New superior varieties can be obtained through cultivating varieties either by crossing or transgenic methods. The study aimed at evaluating clones resulting from polycross on ratoon cane (RC) with higher crystal yields than their parents (SIL 04). It was carried out at the IP2TP Karangploso Experimental Garden, Sweetener and Fiber Crop Research Institute, Malang, East Java, from January 2021 to December 2021. Eleven crossed clones and one female parent clone (SIL 04) were arranged in a Randomized Block Design with two replications. The results showed 8 clones resulting from the cross (MLG 19/P6/10, MLG 19/P6/11, MLG 19/P6/12, MLG 19/P6/13, MLG 19/P6/16, MLG 19/P6/5, MLG 19/P6/6 and MLG 19/P6/8) produced higher crystal (6.06-7.0 t/ha) than SIL 04 (5.66 t/ha). Improving the crystal structure in the clones resulting from the cross can be done by improving the productivity of sugarcane.
Viewpoint: Bayesian Hierarchical Models of Basket Trials in the Context of Economic Evaluation
Authors: Lee Karen M.
Published: June 2024

Bayesian hierarchical models (BHMs) have emerged as a way to model information from basket trials, but there is limited information on how to use information from BHMs in economic evaluations.
In consultation with researchers with expertise in this area, we have published a document that addresses this information gap.
Our document describes areas for appraisal that we will consider when assessing economic evaluations informed by BHMs, outlines a set of methods that can be used for informing economic evaluations based on basket trials, and highlights areas for further research.
Bayesian Hierarchical Models of Basket Trials in the Context of Economic Evaluation
Authors: CADTH
Published: June 2024

What Was the Problem or Question?

With the availability of advanced genomic profiling methods, basket trials are more commonly used for the clinical assessment of treatments targeting multiple cancer types with a common biomarker. Basket trials study a primary intervention across a range of different patient subgroups (e.g., with specific cancer types) that share similar features (e.g., mutations or biomarkers), in which the effect of the primary intervention may be expected to differ. Heterogeneity among cancer types, limited sample sizes, a lack of comparators, and the use of surrogate end points pose challenges when considering the application to economic evaluations. Bayesian hierarchical models (BHMs) are well suited to account for the heterogeneity among cancer types while borrowing information across cancer types in basket trials. There is a need for clearer guidance about how these methods can be used in health technology assessment (HTA).

What Did We Do?

To better understand the role of BHMs in economic evaluations, an overview of basket trials and the current understanding of their use in economic evaluations was conducted, an illustration of how BHMs can inform economic evaluations was provided with a detailed example, and considerations for interpretating and appraising this information were listed.

What Did We Find?

BHMs offer an approach to use information from basket trials to inform economic evaluations; however, there are limitations to be aware of when using this information in economic evaluations and also when interpreting the results of the economic information. This document describes these limitations, and contains an appraisal list that was developed to highlight the implications. These are aspects that CADTH considers when assessing analyses based on BHMs. The field of BHMs is evolving, and advice in this document will need to be revisited as methods develop.

What Does This Mean?

As CADTH anticipates the increased need for appraisal of tumour-agnostic therapies, this document provides clarity around an important and useful set of methods for their evaluation, while also highlighting necessary areas for further research.
Nature of the Mau Forest Evictions in Kenya
Authors: Koech Betty Chemutai
Published: June 2024

Protected areas such as national parks, conservation zones, and nature reserves are globally defined so by governments primarily to preserve the natural environment for the benefit of flora and fauna, that is, for the public good. Eviction of Forest communities is a result of this endeavour. The Ogiek community of the Mau Forest complex in Kenya have fallen victim to this.  The government declared the forest a protected area and hence evicting them contrary to Chapter Four of the Kenya Constitution that gives all Kenyans regardless of where they live, fundamental rights and freedoms. The evictions raise the question of what happens to the evictees’ human security. It is against this backdrop that this study set out to examine the nature of Mau Forest evictions in Kenya. The study used descriptive research design and had a sample of 472 respondents who included 384 household heads, 1 County Commissioner, 2 Deputy county commissioners, 7 chiefs, 32 village elders, 10 Police Officers, 1 UNEP Representative, 1 UN Habitat Representative, 10 Officers from Kenya Forest Service (KFS), 5 officers from Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS), 5 heads NGOs, Directore (NEMA), 10 Heads of CBOs. The study applied simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Interviews, questionnaires, FGDs and observation were used to collect primary data while secondary data was gathered from publications.  SPSS version 26 was used to analyse quantitative data and presented in tables, graphs, and charts. Narratives and verbatim quotations were used to present the qualitative data. The study found that the Mau forest evictions had negative effects on Ogiek human security, including deaths (86%), injuries (97%), destruction of homes (98%), farms (80%), livestock (52%), illness (95%), lack of sanitation (92%), gender-based violence (69%), disruption of schooling (100%), loss of culture (94%), separation from family (88%), loss of livelihoods (98%), and increased human-wildlife conflicts (78%), and 100% of respondents feared for their safety. The study recommends that, the government adopts a more humane and sustainable relocation policy and provide alternative ways of livelihood to the victims.
A EFICÁCIA DA TERAPIA COMBINADA DE FISIOTERAPIA PÉLVICA E TERAPIA COGNITIVO-COMPORTAMENTAL NO TRATAMENTO DA DISFUNÇÃO ERÉTIL
Authors: Rabelo Mikael Magalhães , Luciano Loren Lorrana Belchior , Ferreira Juliana Gomes , Alves Éricles Dias
Published: June 2024

No Brasil, a disfunção erétil (DE) afeta 45% da população com idade superior a 18 anos e 52% dos homens com idade entre 40 e 70 anos. Além do processo de envelhecimento, outros fatores de risco podem estar associados entre fatores orgânicos e psicológicos. Por isso, há necessidade de um tratamento multidisciplinar. E dentre tantas opções de tratamento, a fisioterapia oferece métodos não invasivos, procedimentos indolores, de baixo custo e fáceis de executar. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia das terapias utilizadas na fisioterapia pélvica e da terapia cognitivo comportamental no tratamento da DE. Metodologia: Estudo de revisão bibliográfica da literatura realizada no período de abril de 2024 por meio de busca realizada nas seguintes bases eletrônicas: BVS; Scielo; Medline, Lilacs e PEDro. Foram selecionados artigos de 2013 a 2023. Resultado: Foram eleitos 14 artigos que correspondiam com o objetivo do estudo. Conclusão: Por meio da revisão bibliográfica da literatura, comprovou-se a eficácia das terapias utilizadas na fisioterapia pélvica.
AÇÕES AFIRMATIVAS E DIREITO À IGUALDADE DE GÊNERO: A RESERVA DE VAGAS PARA MULHERES EM CONCURSOS PÚBLICOS DA POLÍCIA MILITAR DA BAHIA
Authors: Silva Alana Nascimento da , Neves Isadora Ferreira
Published: June 2024

O número reduzido de mulheres nas corporações da Polícia Militar da Bahia demonstra a relevância da reserva de vagas nos concursos públicos dessa instituição como ação afirmativa que garante ao direito constitucional à igualdade de gênero, à luz do princípio da isonomia, uma vez que, segundo o art. 5º da Constituição Federal todos são iguais e que não deve haver distinções entre mulheres e homens. Para que isso tenha efetivação, deve-se ter o entendimento de como se dá a distinção do número de vagas destinadas às mulheres nos concursos da Polícia Militar da Bahia e se de fato é respeitada a igualdade de gênero, analisando se a diferenciação de vagas por sexo assegura e incentiva a participação feminina ou a cerceia, haja vista a imposição de reserva mínima nos editais militares na Bahia, que refletem a perpetuação do cenário nacional ocorrido em outros Estados. À luz dessa perspectiva, o presente estudo integra os aspectos da metodologia da pesquisa bibliográfica através da verificação e a análise da literatura com o uso de documentos para comparação, objetivando o exame dos três últimos editais do concurso público para admissão no Curso de Formação de Oficiais da Polícia Militar da Bahia, tendo em vista serem os mais atuais, assim como as leis da Bahia que tratam da temática, os resultados são: a prevalência da falta de fundamentos concretos e estudos científicos que corroborem a carência de quantitivo díspares de vagas relativas a sexo em tais certames, o que ratifica a infrigência à Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, impondo limites para que as mulheres exerçam seus direitos.
The Impact of Investment in Human Capital on Industrial Development: An Empirical Analysis of Pakistan
Authors: Naveed Tanveer Ahmad , Sana Mahvish , Ullah Sami , Mughal Sundus Aijaz
Published: June 2024

Over the last half-century, reduction in poverty and reasonable economic growth have been the fruit of continued industrial development, mostly in Asia. Improved telecommunication, liberalized markets, and better infrastructure cannot accelerate economic growth unless an appropriate level of investment in human capital is not available. The study mainly targets to investigate impact of investment in human capital on industrial development in Pakistan from 1980 to 2023. The study incorporates government expenditures on education (EXE), government expenditures on health (EXH), and growth in enrollment rate in vocational institutes (EVG) as indicators of investment in human capital. The study has applied Augmented Dickey-Fuller to check stationarity of variables followed by estimation of Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) model to find co-integration. It is resulted from estimation that expenditure in health and enrollment in vocational training confirm leaves positive impact on industrial development in case of Pakistan. The empirical outcomes are consistent with existing evidence found on the same subject for other economies. In Pakistan, there is a need for policy formulation to achieve the right direction of educational development for industrial development.
Development of a Densification Machine for Crop Residue based Animal Feed Blocks
Authors: A Singh  , JS Panwar  , Adarsh Kumar  , SK Jha  , A Pandeya
Published: June 2024

A laboratory model and a commercially viable hydraulic machine, capable of compacting animal feed materials into feed blocks were developed. The bulk density of the roughage based feed blocks from these machines was found to be 4 to 5 times more than that of the original feed material. The commercial model produced 30 to 40 blocks of 20 cm x 20 cm with variable thickness per hour. The machine has been tested extensively for different crop straw and menu based feeda mixtures for cattle. Dwivedi R P; Ramana D B V. 2002. Livestock production through grassland management. Employment News. 15-21 June. FAO Statistical Data Base 2002.
Effect of Harvesting Moisture Content on Development of Fissures and Head Rice Recovery in Basmati Paddy
Authors: Ravi Gupta  , M.C. Kashyap  , M.K. Garg  , Yadvika
Published: June 2024

Three moisture contents at the time of harvesting were 20%, 18% and 16% (w.b.) for Taraori Basmati and 22%, 20% and 18% (w.b.) for Basmati-370. The milling moisture content was 13.0±0.5 percent (w.b.) and degree of polish was 5-6 percent for all the samples. Basmati-370 was "less prone to cracking than Taraori Basmati and could bear more internal stresses. White head rice yield of Basmati-370 variety was more as compared to the Taraori Basmati variety. The value of white head rice yield (WHRY) observed were 57.4% for Basmati-370 and 50.49% for Taraori Basmati when harvesting was done at 20% w.b. and this reduced to 54% for Basmati-370 and 45% for Taraori Basmati at 16% (w.b.)
Studies on Effects of Polymeric Films in Packaging Grapes
Authors: SD Deshpande  , BD Shukla  , D Dhingra
Published: June 2024

Two polymeric films were used for packaging of grapes for short-term storage under ambient conditions, protected from direct light. The films used were low density polyethylene (LOPE) of thickness 25m, 50m and 75m and polypropylene (PP) of 25m and 38m. At the end of 7111 day of packaging, packaged grapes had no colour change and no mould growth/fungal attack was observed. At the end of 10th day, samples in all bags turned brownish and mould growth was visible. The mass loss from the non-packaged grapes was 5.71 % after 5 days and 9.87% after 7 days as compared to 3.07% after 5 days and 5.91 % after 7 days storage for the grapes packaged in 25m PP films. Sensory evaluation studies indicated acceptability of packaged grapes upto 7 days of storage.
Water Excess and Deficits using Coefficient of Variation of Weekly Rainfall
Authors: KK Mishra
Published: June 2024

The weekly rainfall data for a period of 39 years from 1947 to 1985 at Sehore and 35 years weekly rainfall and 17 years evaporation data of Jabalpur, were analysed and the average weekly rainfall (AWR), standard deviation (S) and the coefficient of variation (C) were evaluated. The coefficient of variation, in general decreased for the weeks having large amount of rainfall and increased for the weeks receiving scanty rainfall. Relationship between C, and its probability of occurrence could be expressed by logarithmic equation. Rainfall was dependable on 70 and 84% probable C, corresponding to 169.29 and 100%, respectively, for Sehore and Jabalpur. The weeks for which C, was less than 169.29 and 100%, respectively, for Sehore and Jabalpur, the crops would not experience water stress in the area. Thus, a critical value of C, above or below which the crops would not experience irrigation or drainage in field conditions, could be determined. In general, average weekly rainfall as well as P60' the 60 % probable rainfall, both, varied inversely with C,. Results of the probability analysis of weekly rainfall were also been utilized in the study. The 23rd and 3911I weeks, respectively, represent the onset and end of monsoon. P60 as well as AWR values were more than E, the evaporation as well as ET, the evapotranspiration from 2711I to 3611I week in Jabalpur and 2511I to 3811I week in Sehore. The relationship between % cumulative probability of dry days and duration of dry days could be expressed by logarithmic linear model. The Dd of maximum 33 days duration occurred only once in 39 years in 1961 at Sehore. The study could be helpful in deciding crop planting schedules for minimum irrigation requirement and for characterizing the variability -of rainfall for different locations.
Performance Evaluation of Motorized Groundnut Sheller
Authors: Omotade Segun Adedeji  , FN Ajuebor
Published: June 2024

A power operated groundnut sheller that shells groundnut by mechanical shearing and cleans the shelled seeds from chaff pneumatically was designed, fabricated and tested. To increase the shelling efficiency and capacity and to reduce breakage of the seeds as well as reduce power consumption, certain modifications were carried out after the preliminary test. The modifications included a reduction in the shelling speed, rubberisation of the rotating beaters, optimization of the concave slots and adjustments in the blower speed. The modified machine was tested to evaluate its general performance. The best performance of the sheller was achieved at 260 rpm shelling speed, 30 mm - 40 mm concave clearance, feeding rate of 150 kg (pods)/h giving an output of 80 kg seed/h. The shelling efficiency, cleaning efficiency and breakage were 98 %, 85%, and less than 5%, respectively. A blower speed between 1000 rpm - 1400 rpm is adequate for effective separation when chute sloped at 20° to the horizontal.
Comparison and Optimization of Parameters of Axial flow Blowers
Authors: A. C. Datta  , Samir Kumar Das  , A. C. Pandya
Published: June 2024

Air-carrier sprayers provide functional, operational and economic advantages over the use of sell-propelled and tractor mounted hydraulic sprayers for the control of diseases and pests in plantation crops. This paper describes the performance characteristics of output air-jet from two axial-flow blowers of different designs - domestic blower A (operated using 8, 10, 12 and 14 blades at 2030, 2200, 2350, 2550 and 2730 rpm) and blower B (operated using 10 blades at 2130,2232,2332,2445,2535 and 2658 rpm., and at 0.714, 0.743 and 0.767 stagger angle ratio). Air-jet characteristics of both the blowers were evaluated and established the effects of operating speed, number of blades and stagger angle ratio. Each of these parameters was optimized statistically and using the technique of dimensional analysis. The blower A was then modified using these optimum parameters and blade type similar to that in blower B to obtain a new blower C. This blower provided better efficiency and higher air parameters for operation with a 26.25 kW tractor at 2380 rpm.
A Sinusoidal Transfer Function for Predicting Dynamic Behaviour of Grape Fruits under Frequency Input Force
Authors: D.S. Zibokere
Published: June 2024

A transfer function developed through a sinusoidal input force carrier and amplification process was used to characterize the dynamic behaviour of grape fruit samples. A ten sample paired t-test showed agreement between experimentally observed strains (displacements) under linearized sinusoidal input force and those predicted (estimated) using the sinusoidal transfer function (p =0.05). Apparent differences between the measured and predicted values may be due to creep behaviour of biological tissues unaccounted for during physical measurements of complex compliance of the grape fruit samples under dynamic loading condition.
Performance of Single Pass Earth-Tube Heat Exchanger: An Experimental Study
Authors: Girja Sharan  , Ratan Jadhav
Published: June 2024

A single pass earth-tube heat exchanger (ETHE) was installed to study its performance in cooling and heating modes. ETHE consisted of 50 m mild steel pipe of 10 cm nominal diameter and 3 mm wall thickness, buried 2.85 m deep below ground. Ambient air was pumped through it for conditioning. Tests were conducted on three consecutive days in each month. The ETHE conditioned 5.6 m3/min of 40.6°C air to 26.6°C in cooling mode, and 8.3°C air to 23.0°C in heating mode. Average COP was 3.3 in cooling and 3.8 in heating mode.
Watershed Based Farming Systems as Alternative to Shifting Cultivation in North Eastern Region
Authors: KK Satapathy
Published: June 2024

Alternate farming systems to shifting cultivation in north eastern region are being developed for attaining the production and productivity goals ensuring sustainable use of natural resources and high efficiency inputs. Watershed based farming system, appropriate soil conservation measures, mixed land use of agricultural horticulture silvi- pastoral system, subsidiary source of income through livestock rearing, creation of water harvesting and silt retention structure at lower reaches- these are the important distinguishing features of the suggested agricultural strategy on these hill slopes. Some future strategies for weaning the people away from shifting cultivation and improvement of their socio- economic condition have been discussed
Effect of Stroke Length and Weight of Waste Valve on the Performance of Hydraulic Ram
Authors: P Suseela  , TP George
Published: June 2024

A hydraulic ram (5 cm x 2.5 cm) was designed, fabricated and installed at KCAET, Kerala Agricultural University, Tavanur. Fabrication of ram was done using locally available pipes and fittings and with some components which could be easily made. Test was conducted to study the effect of stroke length and weight of waste valve on the performance of hydraulic ram. It was found that delivery discharge and efficiency of hydraulic ram were found to increase with decrease in the stroke length of waste valve for a given delivery head. The study also revealed that there was a minimum weight of waste valve corresponding to a particular weight of delivery valve at which the hydraulic ram functioned satisfactorily. Hydraulic ram with heavier waste valve was found to operate at wider range of hydraulic head. Delivery discharge corresponding to a particular delivery head was found to increase with increase in weight of waste valve.
Design of Rain Water Harvesting Structure for Semi-Arid Region (Rajkot, Gujarat, India)
Authors: MK Khandelwal  , SK Shakya  , NK Narda  , SD Khepar
Published: June 2024

Daily rainfall and runoff data of 1971-97, collected from Targhedia watershed (Gujarat) was analyzed with relevant statistical tools. A computer programme incorporating hydraulic and hydrological design criteria, and CN method has been developed to design parameters for rain water harvesting structures. The computer program is applied to an existing irrigation tank 'B' with 4 ha catchment and results of design features (old and new) are compared.
Simulation of Performance of Earth-Tube Heat Exchanger Using A Mathematical Model
Authors: Girja Sharan  , T Madhavan
Published: June 2024

A mathematical model of single-pass earth-tube heat exchanger (ETHE) is presented. Solution of heat transfer equation is obtained using finite element method. Finite element method uses Galerkin formulation and triangular elements in cylindrical coordinates. ETHE consists of a single pipe buried 3-m deep. Air at a known constant temperature is pumped through the pipe. Solutions yield air temperature down the length of pipe and soil temperature around the pipe. Cooling mode solutions are compared with empirical measurements and found satisfactorily close. Computations using the model as well as actual measurements show that ETHE could be operated in cooling mode for at least eight hours continuously without noticeable degradation in performance.
Inventory and Pollution Management in Agro Processing Complexes
Authors: VK Sehgal  , M Arora  , MS Alam
Published: June 2024

Twelve Agro-Processing Complexes (APC) located in four main agroclimatic regions of Punjab were monitored for inventory and pollution management The machinery and product showed no management problem as most of the complexes were running on custom hiring basis and machines were running at 75-90% of their rated capacities. The APC models were found to be economically viable indicating a monthly profit of Rs.5700 to Rs. 30,000 apart from employing two to five persons. Among various machines, maximum air microflora (11.0 cfu/litre) and noise pollution (95.0 db) was found in the vicinity of penja. In order to maintain sanitary conditions and check air and noise pollution some remedial measures have been suggested in the paper.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Manning's n In Irrigation Furrows
Authors: PK Bora  , TBS Rajput
Published: June 2024

Manning's roughness coefficient, n, as a property of space is found to be variable. But its variability is assumed as insignificant in the design of irrigation systems. However, the variability may affect the performance of irrigation, particularly the distribution efficiency. Therefore, an understanding of the statistical behaviour of the variability of n in space and over the crop season may help in improving the models of irrigation system design. In this study, the variability of Manning's roughness coefficient in time and space along the furrow under potato crops was studied. Roughness coefficient estimated along the furrow at different space and in different irrigation events were studied as regionalized variable.· The autocorrelogram did not show any clear trend. Autocorrelation coefficients were around zero for all the lags considered and within the band of significance level. The roughness coefficients estimated at an interval of 10m along the furrow were not serially correlated. The estimated roughness coefficients were normally distributed with mean and standard deviation of 0.0322 and 0.0133, respectively. Hence, roughness coefficient could be treated as stochastic parameter for hydraulic design of furrow irrigation.
Effect of Variation of the Slope of Parshall Flume Floor on its Discharge Rating
Authors: AP Singh  , TBS Rajput
Published: June 2024

Dimensions of all design parameters of ten Parshall flumes of 3 in. (76.2 mm) size, in use at four distant locations were recorded and their manufacturing variations were determined. Variations up to 30 per cent were observed in case of bottom slopes whereas all other parameters were found to be manufactured within an accuracy of ± 5 per cent. Head discharge relationships were developed for flumes having different upward bottom slopes (3°16' to 6° 32') and downward bottom slopes (9° l' to 25° 12') of diverging and throat sections, respectively, of a 76.2 mm size Parshall flume. Variations between the actual discharge passing through the flumes of varying bottom slopes (other than the standards), and the observed discharge (calculated on the basis of observed head of water), were noted. Based on regression analysis, a correction factor (Y) was proposed for estimating actual discharges from the flumes having bottom slopes from 9° to 25°, Y = 0.8323 + 0.5064 XI -0.3601 X2 (where XI and X2 are down- slope and upslope of the flume bottom, respectively.
Sorption Characteristics of Pea Seeds
Authors: MK Garg  , Pitam Chandra
Published: June 2024

An experiment was conducted to study the equi1ibrium moisture characteristics of pea seeds under adsorption and desorption. Four three-parameter equations were selected for the analysis of equilibrium moisture content (EMC) – equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) data of pea seeds. The selected equations were compared using statistical parameters. The values of EMC for both adsorption and desorption decreased with increase in temperature. Sorption isotherms were found to be sigmoid in shape. The modified-Oswin equation was found best suited to EMCERH data of pea seeds.
Influence of System Parameters on Compressibility of Chopped Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes
Authors: SM Mathur  , Pratap Singh  , A K Mehta
Published: June 2024

Chopped samples of fresh water hyacinth were compressed in a closed cylindrical die at 10 levels of pressures, five levels of die charges and five levels of compression speeds on Houn's Field Universal Testing Machine. The complete compression process was observed and relationships were developed among compression ratio and compression pressures, die charges and compression speeds. The relationship between compression ratio and compression pressure followed the simple power law while a linear trend was found with die-charge. The result shows that with the increase in die-charge the increase in compression ratio decreases for all compression pressures. Compression ratio was found to increase with the increase in compression pressure for all die charge. There was a significant difference in reduction in compression ratio while moving from one pressure level to another and from one die charge to another die charge. Maximum compression ratio found was 17.52 for die-charge of 0.020 kg and minimum was 4.95 for die charge of 0.040 kg, at a maximum compression pressure of 2.54 MPa.
Techno-economic Evaluation of a Forced Convection Solar Dryer
Authors: N K Jain  , S Kothari  , A N Mathu
Published: June 2024

A forced convection type solar dryer consisting of a flat-plate collector panel, a drying chamber and two blowers was used for drying of groundnut, ginger and garlic in comparison to an electrically operated tray type mechanical dryer. The benefit cost ratio for the solar dryer and mechanical dryer were found to be 1.56 and 1.18.
Laser Leveling- A tool to increase irrigation efficiency at field level
Authors: T.B.S. Rajput  , Neelam Patel  , Ghanshyam Agrawal
Published: June 2024

High irrigation efficiencies may be achieved if water is delivered uniformly across the field. Topography index (TI) was used to assest the smoothness of the land surface of the selected farmers fields of village Masauta, district Ghaziabad, V.P. during 2002-03. No direct relationship was found between TI and field size, however, earthwork requirement per unit area, for laser leveling was found increasing with increasing field sizes (least for small farmers, and highest in case of large farmers). Application, storage and distribution efficiencies showed a decreasing trend with' increasing values of TI. Laser leveling improved all the three efficiencies (application, storage and distribution) in all the cases; however, the percent enhancement of irrigation efficiencies was found to be higher at higher values of Tl. After laser leveling, application, storage and distribution efficiencies increased from 58.85 to 64.4%, 50.6% to 69.5% and 70.3% to 81.5% in the field having TI of 5.8 cm whereas these increased from 32.2% to 67.15 %,30.0% to 66.7% and 38.9% to 78.5% in the field with TI of 26 cm, respectively. Laser leveling increased wheat yields, the increase in yield was however more significant in fields with high TI values, before leveling. (14.6 % increase from the field having TI as 5.8 cm but 32.2 % increase in case of the field having TI of 26 cm).
Dynamic Irrigation Scheduling Model For A Canal Command
Authors: G. Murli Krishna  , Radhey Shyam  , Vanita Jha
Published: June 2024

The linear and dynamic programmings are two most used systems analysis techniques for planning of water resources use in a canal command. The stage wise allocation of water is better achieved through the use of dynamic programming particularly when objective function and constraints are non linear. Irrigation scheduling is one area where this technique fits better than any other systems analysis techniques. The present study is conducted with a view to increase crop return and to plan the future requirement of' additional water resources development in the command 10 realize 75 per cent of the production potential of different crops taken in the canal command.
Modelling of Nitrate Movement and Leaching Losses Under Wetland Moisture Regine
Authors: KG Singh  , S K Sondhi  , Mukesh Kumar
Published: June 2024

The intensive agricultural production in the state of Punjab has resulted in higher NO3 -N concentration in the ground water due to over use of agrochemicals, which leads to ground water, pollution, The transport and transformation of urea, ammonium (1m:) and nitrate (NO3) under wetland moisture profile were mathematically described as a function of depth and time, subject to either steady feed or pulse application of N. The three equations were solved simultaneously by using Laplace transformation. The analytical solution developed for transformation and movement of NO3 -N under wetlend moisture regime, was used to predict the NO3-N distribution in a soi1 column of 1.7 m deep at different time intervals. The computed distribution in a soil column with depth and time matched fairly well with the observed in the laboratory. The leaching loss under wetland moisture regime was 36.4 % of the total fertilizer (applied + available in the soil profile) and was comparable with predicted values of 31.35%.
Relative tolerance of crops to surface water stagnation
Authors: S. K Gupta  , D. P. Sharma  , Anand Swarup
Published: June 2024

Water stagnation in cropped lands is assuming a serious dimension particularly in canal irrigation commands due to its adverse effects on crop growth. In order to assess the drainage requirement of commonly grown crops, a study was undertaken to assess the relative Tolerance of 8 crops to water stagnation. It has been shown that under normal agro-c1imatic conditions with short-term water stagnation, the crop yields were adversely affected because of poor aeration resulting in reduced uptake of plant nutrients especially N, P, K and Zn. Toxicity effects of Fe and Mn were not encountered. Under these conditions, data revealed that water stagnation must be removed from the crop land within' one day for sunflower, wheat and' mustard, within two days for sorghum. pearl millet, pigeon pea and berseem (seed) and within 3-4 days for barley. Apparently, barley is the most tolerant to water stagnation amongst the tested crops while wheat, mustard and sunflower are the least tolerant. Since wheat is grown over large areas, need of a good drainage system is apparently highlighted.
Unlocking Pakistan's Debt Conundrum: A Deep Dive into the Dynamics of Debt Servicing and External Debt Stock
Authors: Shabeer Muhammad Ghulam , Azra Ms. , Anwar Ayesha , Zubair Rabia
Published: June 2024

Pakistan stands at a crossroads where the burgeoning debt servicing cost of Rs 7.3 trillion is going to swallow the lion’s share of the projected revenue of Rs 9.2 trillion. This revenue also includes the Rs 5.2 trillion share allocated to the provinces. It is essential to study the causes of such a high debt stock rate, which requires a large outflow of foreign reserves. This study took 50 years of data about Pakistan and analyzed certain determinants of debt stock including debt service cost, budget deficit, military expenditure, import bill, and population. ARDL was used after finding a mixed order for stationery. The short and long-run analysis is undertaken. The Result shows that debt cost has a significant negative impact on debt stock, whereas budget deficit, military expenditure, import, and population have a significant positive impact on national debt. Based on the results, this study suggests that military expenditure and imports should be decreased to control national debt. The population must be maintained at an optimal level. The government should not go for a budget deficit as it requires further loans. The Results were checked for robustness and the model was stable.
THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND WORK MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WITH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AS A MODERATING VARIABLE
Authors: Aditya Ary , Roby Sambung , Giovanni Jonathan
Published: June 2024

Objective –  This research aims to examine the influence of transformational leadership and work motivation on employee performance with information technology's role as a moderating variable.
Design/Methodology/Approach –  The research employs a quantitative analysis method, utilizing non-probability sampling with a saturated sampling method (census) where the entire population is sampled, totalling 49 respondents. The analysis technique used is Smart Partial Least Square version 4.1.
Findings – The results of the study indicate that transformational leadership has a positive and significant impact on employee performance, work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, the role of information technology has a negative and non-significant moderating effect on the influence of transformational leadership on employee performance, and the role of information technology has a positive and significant moderating effect on the influence of work motivation on employee performance.
Conclusion and Implications – The transformational leadership and motivation positively influence employee performance. The role of technology adoption as a moderating variable can only affect to relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance. Moreover, for future research, it is suggested to make information technology's role an independent variable directly affecting employee performance.
THE ROLE OF E-COMMERCE IN MEDIATING CONSUMER LOYALTY AND BRAND AWARENESS ON PURCHASING DECISIONS ON WARDAH PRODUCTS
Authors: Aprilianingsih  , Nahan Noorjaya , Karuehni Ina
Published: June 2024

Objective –  This research aims to determine the role of e-commerce in mediating consumer loyalty and brand awareness on purchasing decisions.
Design/Methodology/Approach – The type of research used in this research is quantitative. The population and sample used in this research were Wardah product users among students at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Palangka Raya University. The number of respondents was 126 people using the Ferdinand formula. The data scale used in this research is a five (5) point odd Likert scale. The analytical tool used in this research is Partial Least Square (PLS) with a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach.
Findings – The research results show that consumer loyalty and brand awareness has a positive significant effect on Wardah product e-commerce and purchasing decisions. E-commerce has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Consumer loyalty and brand awareness has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions through e-commerce for Wardah products among students at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Palangka Raya University.
Conclusion and Implications – E-commerce can fully mediate between consumer loyalty and brand awareness in purchasing decisions. Wardah company can increase sales by improving service to consumers in order to increase consumer loyalty and consumer brand awareness through improving e-commerce services.