bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efectividad de fotopolimerización usando lámparas led: Una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Aquino Valverde Alexandra Jacqueline
Published: September 2022

Introducción: Las lámparas LED tienen una tecnología nueva de fotocurado las cuales pueden ser monowave o polywave a la cual le permite llegar a más iniciadores como la canforquinona, lucerina TPO y PPD las cuales presentan una gran variedad de ventajas y desventajas. Estas lámparas han evolucionado con el tiempo, al igual que diferentes ergonomías, longevidades, sistemas y estándares de calidad. Objetivo:  El objetivo de esta revisión de literatura es actualizar al clínico en el uso adecuado de las diferentes lámparas LED y cómo estas influyen en la eficiencia de la fotopolimerización de la resina. Material y métodos: Se ha realizado una amplia investigación en la literatura existente sobre este tema. Desde el inicio de esta información hasta el 18 de abril de 2022, la búsqueda bibliográfica realizada incluye 86  artículos publicados en la base de datos de Medline a través de PubMed, LILACS, SCIENCE DIRECT y SCIELO, y no existe restricción de idioma. Incluyendo investigación observacional, descriptiva, longitudinal, revisiones sistemáticas, libros y editoriales. Resultados y discusión: Los efectos de la fotopolimerización de las lámparas LED Polywave y Monowave presentan diferencias significativas entre la resistencia a la compresión de la resina fotopolimerizadas, con lámpara LED de onda única y polivalente donde los tipos de luz y lámpara influyen directamente en la resistencia a la compresión de las resinas compuestas. Conclusión:  El tipo de luz y lámpara afecta directamente la efectividad de la fotopolimerización de la resina compuesta, por lo que se concluye que las lámparas LED con tecnología de onda única (Monowave) producen una mayor profundidad de fotopolimerización que las de tecnología de onda múltiple (Polywave). 

Palabras clave: Polimerización, Lámparas de polimerización dental LED, Resinas dentales, Fotoiniciadores.
Crossdipole Sonic Data Analyzed To Target Stack Pay in the Permian Basin
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: September 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 209327, “Analysis of Crossdipole Sonic Data for an Intelligent Targeting of Stack Pay in the Permian Basin,” by Bikash Sinha, Farid Mohamed, and Lili Xu, SPE, Schlumberger, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The preferred placement of a producer well in unconventional reservoirs is based on available information about the presence of natural fractures and formation stresses. Identifying the depth intervals with natural fractures and the relative magnitudes of the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses enables placement of a producer well that will support effective hydraulic fractures. In the complete paper, the authors apply a work flow to crossdipole sonic data acquired in a vertical pilot well drilled in the Permian Basin.

Introduction

The authors describe processing, analysis, and interpretation of sonic data acquired in a vertical pilot well with the goal of identifying optimal depth intervals and azimuths for drilling a lateral producer well with a potential for enhanced hydrocarbon productivity. The preferred placement of a lateral producer well requires drilling through an oil-rich layer that exhibits higher fracturability.

Theory

Borehole sonic data consist of monopole headwave slownesses and borehole Stoneley dispersions together with dipole headwave slownesses and borehole flexural dispersions. While monopole data provide azimuthally averaged formation properties, crossdipole data probe the formation in two opposite quadrants and discriminate formation properties in the two orthogonal directions in the borehole cross-sectional plane. Compressional and shear headwave slownesses can be transformed into compressional and shear moduli of the formation. Borehole Stoneley and flexural dispersions can be inverted to obtain formation transversely isotropic (TI) constants. One can invert for TI constants when the fast- and slow-dipole flexural dispersions overlay, and a subset of orthorhombic constants when the fast- and slow-dipole dispersions are different. Both the borehole flexural and Stoneley dispersions exhibit frequency-dependent sensitivities to changes in the formation anisotropic constants. It is possible to invert for those formation anisotropic constants that show sufficient sensitivities to such measured flexural dispersions. This section of the complete paper is devoted to inversion of borehole Stoneley and flexural dispersions for formation anisotropic constants and associated equations and discusses determination of Young’s moduli and Poisson’s ratio for a transversely isotropic with vertical axis of symmetry (TIV) formation.
Errors in Initial Pressure Measurement Affect Rate-Transient Analysis
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: September 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper URTeC 208321, “Effect of Errors in Initial Pressure Measurement on Rate-Transient Analysis in Unconventional Reservoirs,” by Himanshu S. Jha, SPE, Texas A&M University; Aaditya Khanal, The University of Texas at Tyler; and W. John Lee, SPE, Texas A&M University. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

This paper presents a mathematical analysis of how incorrect estimates of initial reservoir pressure (pi) may affect rate-transient analysis (RTA) in ultralow-permeability reservoirs. Measured values of pi are rarely available, and the value estimated using alternative approaches, such as a diagnostic fracture injection test (DFIT), can be time-consuming and expensive and also may be inaccurate. In the complete paper, the authors examine what can and cannot be achieved with accuracy when reliable estimates of pi are not available.

Introduction

RTA and production forecasting using historical production data require flow-regime identification for model parameter calculation. The task of flow-regime identification is best achieved under constant-rate flowing conditions. However, field conditions and operational changes almost always cause flowing bottomhole pressure (BHP) to change during production. Use of rate-normalized pressure (RNP) can help mitigate the effect of changing BHP under smoothly changing conditions. Calculation of RNP requires an accurate estimate of pi, which often is unavailable.

The authors’ work shows that the slope of a log-log plot of RNP vs. time or material balance time (MBT) is relatively insensitive to the value of pi. However, a Cartesian plot of RNP vs. timen (where n may be 0.5 for transient linear flow or a different value for more general “power-law behavior”) rotates the expected straight line for different values of pi or used in calculation of RNP. Therefore, the task of flow-regime identification can be achieved with reasonable certainty with only an estimate of initial pressure, but analysis with RNP vs. timen Cartesian plots may be unreliable.
Machine-Learning and Physics-Based Models Compared in Downhole Pressure Prediction in Deepwater Reservoirs
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: September 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 31758, “Downhole Pressure Prediction for Deepwater Gas Reservoirs Using Physics-Based and Machine-Learning Models,” by Jincong He, SPE, Matthew Avent, and Mathieu Muller, Chevron, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2022 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.

Pressure measurements from permanent downhole gauges (PDHGs) during extended shut-ins often are used for model calibration and reserves estimation in deepwater gas reservoirs. A key challenge in practical operation has been the failure of PDHGs within the first few years of operation. To overcome this challenge, modeling solutions have been developed to enable accurate bottomhole well pressures to be calculated. In the complete paper, novel physics-based models and machine-learning (ML) models are presented and compared for estimating PDHG measurement from wellhead measurements.

Introduction

One way to predict PDHG shut-in pressure is with a full-physics wellbore simulator. However, those simulators usually require input parameters such as heat conductivity through the reservoir, itself highly uncertain in the field. In addition, wellbore simulation can be expensive computationally to run. The authors investigate two alternative modeling approaches to predict future PDHG shut-in data based on historical PDHG measurement from the same, or different, wells.

The first approach is a physics-based data-driven (PBDD) method in which the temperature profile along the wellbore is characterized by a piecewise linear model, the cooldown process during shut-in is characterized by a decline-curve model, and the dependency of the cooldown on previous gas production is characterized by a linear model. During training, the parameters in these models are calibrated by historical PDHG shut-in data before gauge failure. Once trained, the model can be used to predict downhole measurement during future extended shut-in events. The second approach is to use ML methods. Using historical data, this approach trains a black-box model or function that directly projects the wellhead measurements and time since shut-in to downhole measurements.

Both approaches are shown to be accurate when calibrated on historical data and used to predict future shut-ins of the same well. However, when they are used to predict shut-in pressure and temperatures of a new well based on other existing wells, the behavior of the ML model can be nonphysical and erratic, while the behavior of the PBDD model is more constrained and interpretable.
Osteosarcoma transcriptome data exploration reveals STC2 as a novel risk indicator in disease progression
Authors: Wang Ziyue , Zeng Zixin , Gao Feng , Gui Ziwei , Du Juan , Shen Ningning , Shang Yangwei , Yang Zhiqing , Shang Lifang , Wei Rong , Ma Wenxia , Wang Chen
Published: September 2022

Background
Osteosarcoma has been the most common primary bone malignant tumor in children and adolescents. Despite the considerable improvement in the understanding of genetic events attributing to the rapid development of molecular pathology, the current information is still lacking considering the comprehensive and highly heterogeneous nature of osteosarcoma. The study is to identify more potential responsible genes during the development of osteosarcoma, thus identifying promising gene indicators and aiding more precise interpretation of the disease.
Methods
Firstly, from GEO database, osteosarcoma transcriptome microarrays were used to screen the abnormally expressed genes (AEGS) in cancer comparing to normal bone samples, followed by GO/KEGG interpretation, risk score assessment and survival analysis of the genes to select a credible key gene. Further, the basic physicochemical properties, predicted cellular location, gene expression in human cancers, association with clinical pathological features and the potential signaling pathways involved in the key gene’s regulation on osteosarcoma development were preliminary explored.
Results
A total of 24430 genes were identified to express abnormally in osteosarcoma versus normal bone samples, and the genes were classified into four groups based on the difference level, further genes interpretation indicated that the high abnormal level (> 8 fold) genes were mainly located extracellular and related to matrix structural constituent regulation. Meanwhile, module function analysis of the 67 high abnormal level (> 8 fold) AEGS revealed a 22-gene containing extracellular matrix regulation associated hub gene cluster. Further survival analysis of the 22 genes revealed that STC2 was an independent prognosis indicator in osteosarcoma. Moreover, after the validation of changed expression of STC2 in cancer vs normal tissues using local hospital osteosarcoma samples by IHC experiment, the gene’s physicochemical property revealed STC2 as a cellular stable and hydrophilic protein, and the gene’s association with osteosarcoma clinical pathological parameters, expression in pan-cancers and the probable biological functions and signaling pathways it involved were explored.
Conclusions
Using multiple bioinformatic analysis and local hospital samples validation, we revealed the aberrant gain of expression of STC2 in osteosarcoma, which associated statistical significantly with patients survival, and the gene’s clinical features and potential biological functions were also explored. Although the results shall provide inspiring insights into further understanding of the disease, further experiments and detailed rigorous clinical trials are needed to reveal its potential drug-target role in clinical medical use.
Quality Improvement project to study the impact of clinical pharmacist in diabetic management of admitted cardiac patients
Authors: Mekdad Sanaa , Alsayed Leenah
Published: September 2022

Diabetes is a fast-growing chronic disease worldwide. Associated with high morbidity, mortality, and cost. Glycemic control in diabetic patients is a demanding issue and requires partnership with health care professionals. the clinical pharmacist has a positive contribution through a range of extended services to optimize diabetic management and improve patients outcome.
Objectives: This study aims to investigate the role of the clinical pharmacist in the glycemic management of admitted diabetic cardiac patients at King Fahad Medical City.
Method: This is a prospective, cohort study carried out at King Salman Cardiac Center of King Fahad Medical City, cardiac Patients admitted at the cardiac centerfrom October 2018 to October 2020 were randomly assigned to intervention (n= 500) or control group (n=500). Patients were recruited either in the intervention group ( group covered by a clinical pharmacist ) or the control group ( group not covered by a clinical pharmacist ). Follow-up started concurrently with data collection, Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAC ), fasting blood glucose (FBG),and frequency of hypoglycemic episodes at baseline , and then 6 months after clinical pharmacist intervention
Results:
HbAC levels were reduced in both groups. For the intervention group, HbAC reduction was (8.5 from10.2 , SD= 2.2 ) , (p= 0.04 ). For the control group, HbAC reduction was 9.05 from 9.95 , SD= 1.95 , (p= 0.05) , FBG was decreased in intervention group by 29 mg\dl compared to non-statistical significant by 9 mg\dl decrease in control group . Both the t-test indicated that the HbAC difference was statistically significant.
Conclusions: Clinical pharmacist has a positive impact on monitoring diabetes in admitted cardiac patients.
Immunobiology of a rationally-designed AAV2 capsid following intravitreal delivery in mice
Authors: Whitehead Michael , Sage Andrew , Osborne Andrew , Man Patrick Yu Wai , Martin Keith
Published: September 2022

Adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) is a viral vector that can be used to deliver therapeutic genes to diseased cells in the retina. One strategy for altering AAV2 vectors involves the mutation of phosphodegron residues, which are thought to be phosphorylated/ubiquitinated in the cytosol, facilitating degradation of the vector and the inhibition of transduction. As such, mutation of phosphodegron residues have been correlated with increased transduction of target cells, however, an assessment of the immunobiology of wild-type and phosphodegron mutant AAV2 vectors following intravitreal (IVT) delivery to immunocompetent animals is lacking in the current literature. In this study, we show that IVT of a triple phosphodegron mutant AAV2 capsid is associated with higher levels of humoral immune activation, infiltration of CD4 and CD8 T-cells into the retina, generation of splenic germinal centre reactions, activation of conventional dendritic cell subsets, and elevated retinal gliosis compared to wild-type AAV2 capsids. However, we did not detect significant changes in electroretinography arising after vector administration. We also demonstrate that the triple AAV2 mutant capsid is less susceptible to neutralisation by soluble heparan sulphate and anti-AAV2 neutralising antibodies, highlighting a possible utility for the vector in terms of circumventing pre-existing humoral immunity. In summary, the present study highlights novel aspects of rationally-designed vector immunobiology, which may be relevant to their application in preclinical and clinical settings.
Trends in the evolution of Sustainable Development Research in China: A Scientometric Review
Authors: Shi Shaoqing , Yin Jianhua
Published: September 2022

Because of the extensive attention of global scholars on the sustainable development in China, much research has been published over the past 30 years. Based on the 12,635 journal papers from the Web of Science database, we explore the trends in the evolution of China’s sustainable development research by a knowledge graph. The result indicates that the attention of China’s sustainable development research increased exponentially during 1991–2021, and it continues to shift from a macro perspective to the exploration of specific methods and implementation paths. During 2001–2005, China’s sustainable development research developed rapidly and formed a complete cluster structure. In addition, China’s sustainable development research has experienced three stages and two topic drifts. Staged development and topic drifts lead to a wide range of disciplinary drifts. In general, the trends in the evolution of China’s sustainable development research mainly focus on three aspects: research methods, research scope and theoretical innovation. China’s sustainable development provides a case or a path for other developing countries. Economic incentives and policy promotion remain important measures to promote sustainable development.
Bioinformatics-based analysis of key genes in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head that are associated with copper metabolism
Authors: Qi Baochuang , Li Chuan , Cai Xingbo , Xu Yongqing , Guo Minzheng , Tang Zhifang , Bo Pengfei , Pu Luqiao
Published: September 2022

Background
The copper metabolism may play a role in angiogenesis and osteogenesis. However, the relationship between copper metabolism and steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) still remains unclear.
Methods
The GSE123568 dataset and 2062 copper metabolism-related genes (CMRGs) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and GeneCards databases, respectively. The differentially expressed copper metabolism-related SONFH genes (DE-CMR-SONFHGs) were identified by differential analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). The Least-Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms were employed to screen key DE-CMR-SONFHGs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and functional enrichment analysis were performed on the key genes. Targeting drugs were predicted with The Drug Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb). The correlation between key SONFH genes and copper death-related genes was calculated by Pearson method. The result of bioinformatics analysis were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR).
Results
A total of 106 DE-CMR-SONFHGs were identified. Then, 2 key genes (PNP and SLC2A1) were identified by LASSO and SVM algorithms. The ROC curves of PNP and SLC2A1 indicated that they had diagnostic value in distinguishing SONFH from control samples. Additionally, 20 immune cell populations had notably different abundances between the SONFH and control samples. PNP showed the most significant correlations with plasmacytoid dendritic cells and CD56bright natural killer cells, and SLC2A1 expression showed the most significant correlations with T follicular helper cells and T helper 17 cells. Moreover, 11 drugs that target PNP and 5 drugs that target SLC2A1 were identified. Four copper death-related genes (LIPT1, DLD, PDHB, and MTF1) were upregulated in the disease samples. The qRT‒PCR results showed that PNP and SLC2A1 expression was downregulated and that the copper death-related genes DLD, PDHB and MTF1, which are closely related to these two key genes, were notably highly expressed in the peripheral blood of SONFH patients. These findings were consistent with the bioinformatics analysis results.
Conclusions
Copper homeostatic imbalance may be involved in the process of SONFH. PNP and SLC2A1 were confirmed to be key genes related to SONFH, and these genes may provide insights for the treatment of SONFH.
Potential utility of a multi-component coagulation factor panel to assess the risk of portal vein thrombosis in chronic liver disease
Authors: Lewis Clayton S , Bari Khurram , Xie Changchun , Sherman Kenneth E. , Vasse Marc , Dreden Patrick Van , Bogdanov Vladimir
Published: September 2022

Background: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) pre-liver transplant (LT) is a major contributor to morbidity in chronic liver disease (CLD); the means of detecting and/or predicting PVT are limited.
Objectives: Explore whether plasma coagulation factor activity levels can help detect PVT and/or serve as a substitute for prothrombin time / international normalized ratio (PT/INR) in the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD).
Methods: Factor V (FV), Factor VIII (FVIII), Protein C (PC), and Protein S (PS) activity levels and the concentrations of D-dimer, sP-selectin, and asTF were assessed in two cohorts of CLD patients (ambulatory, n=42; LT, n=43).
Results: A significant inverse correlation between FVIII activity levels and PVT was found in the LT cohort (p=0.010); FV and PS activity levels were in-trend (p=0.069, p=0.064). We developed a logistic regression-based compensation score to identify patients at risk of PVT. FV and PC activity levels strongly correlated with MELD scores, which enabled the development of a novel scoring system based on multiple linear regressions of the correlations of FV and PC activity with MELD-Na that substitutes PT/INR. 6-month follow-up revealed that our novel formula was non-inferior to MELD-Na at predicting 6-month mortality (c-statistic of 0.627 and 0.615, respectively).
Conclusions: We demonstrate for the first time the potential of using the combination of FV, FVIII, and PS activity levels to assess the risk of PVT in CLD. We also show that FV and PC activity levels may be used to replace PT/INR in MELD scoring.
The Usefulness of Serial Ultrasound in Thyroid Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma
Authors: Zhang Xiumei , Boxiong Wei , Nong Lin , Zhang Hong , Gao Ying , Ou Jinping
Published: September 2022

Background
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is an extranodal lymphoma with an indolent natural course. The thyroid gland is an uncommon site of involvement. We aimed to investigate serial ultrasound features during the clinical course of thyroid MALT lymphoma.
Methods
We searched our hospital’s pathology database (5418 patients with thyroid malignancy) between January 2000 and July 2022. The medical records and serial ultrasounds of 11 patients with 12 thyroid MALT lymphoma foci were analyzed retrospectively. from
Results
An enlarging neck mass, dyspnea, B symptoms, and neck lymphadenopathy were seen at diagnosis in 9 (9/11, 81.8%), 3 (3/11, 27.3%), 2 (2/11, 18.2%), and 9 (9/11, 81.8%) cases respectively. Eleven cases were concomitant Hashimoto thyroiditis. Common ultrasound features included bilateral or unilateral asymmetric goiter or large, solid, and very hypoechoic nodules (11/12, 91.7%) interspersed with linear, reticular hyperechoic, and enhanced posterior echoes (11/12, 91.7%), and neck lymph node involvement (10/11, 90.9%). The Thyroid Imaging and Reporting Data System (TIRADS) categories showed higher diagnostic accuracy (11/12, 91.7%) than real-time ultrasound (2/12, 16.7%) in evaluating thyroid lesions for recommendation of fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Serial ultrasound showed self-limiting changes in three cases, relapse in three cases after subtotal thyroidectomy and chemotherapy, large cell transformation (LCT) in one case after left lobectomy, partial remission in one case, and complete remission after chemo/radiation in four cases; progression to enlarged thyroid nodules occurred in three cases without treatment, with no obvious change observed after diagnosis. Three patients died during follow-up.
Conclusion
On sonograms, solid large thyroid nodules or goiter with very hypoechoic and enhanced posterior echoes in the setting of Hashimoto thyroiditis should raise suspicion for MALT lymphoma. TIRADS categories could improve the ultrasound diagnostic efficacy for malignancy. Serial ultrasound examinations demonstrated self-limiting and indolent natures of thyroid MALT lymphoma.
Chimeras in Merlot grapevine revealed by phased assembly
Authors: Sichel Victoria , SARAH Gautier , Girollet Nabil , Laucou Valérie , Roux Catherine , BERT PF , Cunff Loic Le , This Patrice , Lacombe Thierry
Published: September 2022

Chimerism is the phenomenon when several genotypes coexist in a single individual. Used to understand plant ontogenesis they also have been valorised through new cultivar breeding. Viticulture has been taking economic advantage out of chimeras when the variant induced an important modification of wine type such as berry skin colour. Crucial agronomic characters may also be impacted by chimeras that aren’t identified yet. Periclinal chimera where the variant has entirely colonised a cell layer is the most stable and can be propagated through cuttings. In grapevine, leaves have two functional cell layers, L1 and L2. However, lateral roots are formed from the L2 cell layer only. Thus, comparing DNA sequences of roots and leaves allows chimera detection. In this study we used new generation Hifi long reads sequencing, recent bioinformatics tools and trio-binning with parental sequences to detect periclinal chimeras on ‘Merlot’ grapevine cultivar. Sequencing of cv. ‘Magdeleine Noire des Charentes’ and ‘Cabernet Franc’, the parents of cv. ‘Merlot’, allowed haplotype resolved assembly. Pseudomolecules were built with a total of 33 to 47 contigs and in few occasions a unique contig for one chromosome. This high resolution allowed haplotype comparison. Annotation was transferred from PN40024 VCost.v3 to all pseudomolecules. After strong selection of variants, 51 and 53 ‘Merlot’ specific periclinal chimeras were found on the Merlot-haplotype-CF and Merlot-haplotype-MG respectively, 9 and 7 been located in a coding region. These results open new perspectives on chimera detection as an important resource to improve cultivars through clonal selection or breeding.
Water disruption and waterborne communicable diseases in northeast Syria: a spatiotemporal analysis
Authors: Tabor Ruby , Almhawish Naser , Aladhan Ibrahim , Tarnas Maia , Sullivan Richard , Karah Nabil , Zeitoun Mark , Ratnayake Ruwan , Abbara Aula
Published: September 2022

Background
In Syria, disruption to water and sanitation systems, together with poor access to vaccination, forced displacement and overcrowding contribute to increases in waterborne diseases (WBDs). The aim of this study is to perform a spatiotemporal analysis to investigate potential associations between interruptions to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and WBDs in northeast Syria (NES) using data collected by the Early Warning Alert and Response Network (EWARN) from Deir-ez-Zor, Raqqa, Hassakeh and parts of Aleppo governorates.
Methods
We reviewed the literature databases of MEDLINE and Google Scholar and the updates of ReliefWeb to obtain information on acute disruptions and attacks against water infrastructure in NES between January 2015 and June 2021. The EWARN weekly trends of five syndromes representing waterborne diseases were plotted and analysed to identify time trends and the influence of these disruptions. To investigate a potential relationship, the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare districts with and without disruptions. Time series analyses were carried out on major disruptions to analyse their effect on WBD incidence.
Results
The literature review found several instances where water infrastructure was attacked or disrupted, suggesting that water has been deliberately targeted by both state and non-state actors in NES throughout the conflict. Over time, there was an overall upwards trend of other acute diarrhoea (OAD, p < 0.001), but downwards trends for acute jaundice syndrome (AJS), suspected typhoid fever (STF) and acute bloody diarrhoea (ABD). For the major disruption of the Alouk water plant, an interrupted time series analysis did not find a strong correlation between the disruption and changes in disease incidence in the weeks following the incident, but long-term increases in WBD were observed.
Conclusions
While no strong immediate correlation could be established between disruptions to WASH and WBDs in NES, further research is essential to explore the impact of conflict-associated damage to civil infrastructure including WASH. We suggest the implementation of adequate reporting mechanisms for real time tracking of the WASH attacks, damages, direct effects, and likely impact.
The Effects of Online Pilates and Face-To-Face Pilates in Healthy Individuals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: BULGUROGLU Halil Ibrahim , BULGUROGLU Merve
Published: September 2022

Background: Along with the covid-19 process, people started to turn to online exercise methods. One of these methods is the pilates method, which increases the endurance of the core muscles. This study aims to analyze and compare the effects of online and face-to-face pilates methods.
Methods: Fifty-eight healthy individuals aged 25-40 years were included in the study. Individuals were randomly divided into three groups; online pilates group (OPG), face-to-face pilates group (FPG), and control group (CG). Pilates groups were given pilates exercises in groups of three or four for eight weeks, three days a week, for 1 hour a day, by the physiotherapist. The control group did breathing and relaxation exercises at home. Core muscular endurance, depression, and quality of life were assessed before and after eight weeks of training.
Results: Core muscle endurance, depression, and quality of life improved after pilates in online and face-to-face pilates groups (p<0.05). No change was found in the control group (p > 0.05). When the gains obtained in the pilates groups were compared, it was observed that the improvement in trunk extensor muscle strength was higher in the face-to-face pilates group (p<0.05), and the gains in other parameters were similar (p>0.05).
Conclusions: As a result, healthy individuals have seen similar benefits in online and face-to-face pilates. Both methods are significant for gaining healthy habits and increasing physical activity in healthy individuals.
Trial registration: Retrospectively registered. NCT05309486, Registration date: 04/04/2022.
URL:https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05309486?term=BULGUROGLU&draw=2&rank=1
Bi-directional association between type 2 diabetes and periodontitis in the nationally representative sample comprising Taiwanese adults from 2000 to 2015
Authors: Chien Wu-Chien , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Fu Earl , Cheng Chia-Mao , Tu Hsiao-Pei , Lee Wei-Cheng , Chen Wei-Liang , Shih Kuang-Chung
Published: September 2022

Objective
The two-way relationship between periodontitis and diabetes was advocated far past. However, the population-based bidirectional observation is still limited. Using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, we estimate associations between pre-existing clinical periodontitis and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and between pre-existing diabetes and incident periodontitis, respectively.
Methods
A total of 11,011 periodontitis patients who underwent periodontal therapy (Pt group) were recruited from 2000 to 2015. After matching by age, sex, and index date, 11,011 periodontitis patients who did not receive treatment (Pwt group) and 11,011 non-periodontitis controls were registered. The outcome of T2DM was traced. Conversely, 157,798 patients with T2DM and 157,798 non-diabetic controls were enrolled, whereas the development of periodontitis was traced. Cox proportional hazards model was performed.
Results
The patients with periodontitis tended to have a statistically high risk of having diabetes. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) was 1.94 [95% CI 1.49–2.63, p < 0.01] and 1.72 [95% CI 1.24–2.52, p < 0.01] for Pt and Pwt, respectively. Using Pwt group as a reference, patients in Pt group had a high risk of having diabetes [aHR, 1.17 (95% CI 1.04–1.26, p < 0.001)]. Conversely, patients with T2DM tended to have a high risk of periodontitis [aHR, 1.99 (95% CI 1.44–2.48, p < 0.01)]. However, a high risk was noticed for the outcome subgroup of Pt only [aHR, 2.08 (95% CI, 1.50–2.66), p < 0.001)].
Conclusions
The relationship between periodontitis and diabetes is bi-directional.
Development of a Burst Wave Lithotripsy System for Noninvasive Fragmentation of Ureteroliths in Pet Cats
Authors: Maxwell Adam D. , Kim Ga Won , Furrow Eva , Lulich Jody P. , Torre Marissa , MacConaghy Brian , Lynch Elizabeth , Leotta Daniel F. , Wang Yak-Nam , Borofsky Michael S. , Bailey Michael R.
Published: September 2022

Background: Upper urinary tract stones are increasingly prevalent in pet cats and are difficult to manage. Surgical procedures to address obstructing ureteroliths have short- and long-term complications, and medical therapies (e.g. fluid diuresis and smooth muscle relaxants) are infrequently effective. Burst wave lithotripsy is a non-invasive, ultrasound-guided, handheld focused ultrasound technology to disintegrate urinary stones, which is now undergoing human clinical trials in awake unanesthetized subjects.
Results: In this study, we designed and performed in vitro testing of a modified burst wave lithotripsy system to noninvasively fragment stones in cats. The design accounted for differences in anatomic scale, acoustic window, skin-to-stone depth, and stone size. Prototypes were fabricated and tested in a benchtop model using 35 natural calcium oxalate monohydrate stones from cats. In an initial experiment, burst wave lithotripsy was performed using peak ultrasound pressures of 7.3 (n = 10), 8.0 (n = 5), or 8.9 MPa (n =10) for up to 30 minutes. Fourteen of 25 stones fragmented to <1 mm within the 30 minutes. In a second experiment, burst wave lithotripsy was performed using a second transducer and peak ultrasound pressure of 8.0 MPa (n = 10) for up to 50 minutes. In the second experiment, 9 of 10 stones fragmented to <1 mm within the 50 minutes. Across both experiments, an average of 73-97% of stone mass could be reduced to fragments < 1 mm. A third experiment found negligible injury with in vivo exposure of kidneys and ureters in a porcine animal model.
Conclusions: These data support further evaluation of burst wave lithotripsy as a noninvasive intervention for obstructing ureteroliths in cats.
Robust and Reversible Adhesion Under Extreme Environments
Authors: Chen Jian , Ji Keju , Xu Chi , Zhao Jiahui , Huo Tingwei , Gorb Stanislav N. , Long Yi , Dai Zhendong
Published: September 2022

Adhesive materials have many potential applications for daily life such as soft robotics, wearable devices and transfer printing, however the robust and reversible adhesion, especially under extreme environments including space and polar environment, has rarely been studied and poses an inevitable challenge. We report a new design rule to fabricate an adhesive structure, which possesses the two orders of highest adhesive strength at -100 ℃, excellent reversible adhesion under thermal cycling (from − 100 to 100 ℃) and on ultra-low temperature ice surface (-98.5 ℃). We believe that this new strategy will have wide applications not limited to extreme environments to deploy space exploration and glacier rescue.
ETV7 reduces inflammatory responses in breast cancer cells by repressing the TNFR1/NF-κB axis
Authors: Meskyte Erna , Pezzè Laura , Forcato Mattia , Bocci Irene , Bisio Alessandra , Bicciato Silvio , Baltriukienė Daiva , Ciribilli Yari
Published: September 2022

The transcription factor ETV7 is an oncoprotein that is up-regulated in all breast cancer (BC) types. We have recently demonstrated that ETV7 promoted breast cancer progression by increasing cancer cell proliferation and stemness and was also involved in the development of chemo- and radio-resistance. However, the roles of ETV7 in breast cancer inflammation have yet to be studied. Gene ontology analysis previously performed on BC cells stably over-expressing ETV7 demonstrated that ETV7 was involved in the suppression of innate immune and inflammatory responses. To better decipher the involvement of ETV7 in these signaling pathways, in this study, we identified TNFRSF1A, encoding for the main receptor of TNF-α, TNFR1, as one of the genes down-regulated by ETV7. We demonstrated that ETV7 directly binds to the intron I of this gene, and we showed that the ETV7-mediated down-regulation of TNFRSF1A reduced the activation of NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, in this study, we unveiled a potential crosstalk between ETV7 and STAT3, another master regulator of inflammation. While it is known that STAT3 directly up-regulates the expression of TNFRSF1A, here we demonstrated that ETV7 reduces the ability of STAT3 to bind to the TNFRSF1A gene via a competitive mechanism, leading to the repression of its transcription. These results suggest that ETV7 can reduce the inflammatory responses in breast cancer through the down-regulation of TNFRSF1A.
Factors Affecting Home Discharge of Older Adults With Cervical Spinal Cord Injury in Japan
Authors: Sasaki Sota , Masuda Muneaki , Kawano Osamu , Yamamoto Takuaki , Maeda Takeshi
Published: September 2022

Study design: Retrospective cohort study.
Objective: To investigate the characteristics of cervical spinal cord injury in patients over 65 years and examine the factors influencing their discharge home.
Setting: Spinal Injuries Center, Fukuoka, Japan.
Methods: We referred to past medical records and our database to extract data regarding consecutive cervical spinal cord injury cases between 2005 and 2020. Patients over 65 years old who were admitted to the hospital within 14 days of injury were selected. A univariate analysis was performed between the home discharge and out-of-home discharge groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis of admission findings and patient background was also performed to examine independent factors influencing home discharge.
Results: Over 15 years, we included 219 patients in the study, of whom 41.1% were eventually discharged home. A two-group comparison between the home discharge and out-of-home discharge groups showed significant differences in age at injury, length of hospital stay, rate of American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS:A), cohabitants, ASIA motor score (AMS), and Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) at initial visit and discharge. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age at injury (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.83–0.93, p<.0001), percentage of AIS:A at admission (OR: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.10–0.75, p<.05), and AMS at admission (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.04, p<.0001) were independent factors.
Conclusion: More than half the older adult patients with cervical cord injury were discharged outside the home. Age, percentage of AIS:A, and AMS values at admission were independent factors influencing home discharge.
Measuring the concentration of radon gas and its progeny in building materials
Authors: H.El-Araby Entesar , H.Shabaan Doaa
Published: September 2022

Radon is a noble, radioactive gas produced by the radioactive decay of radium from the dissolution of uranium in soil, water, and various rocks in the environment, which leads to harm to humans and living organisms. The CR39 nuclear track detector was used to measure radioactive rates of radon in one hundred and five samples of different building materials (sand - ceramic - granite - marble -cement - gypsum - bricks) were collected from the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. The average value of radon gas concentration for all samples of buildings used in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was 286.84 ± 33.35 Bq/Kg. The results show the highest value ​​of radiation doses in Royal Gold Granite with a value of 10.98 ± 0.87 mSv / year. The value of the quality coefficient was a correlation between the values of radium concentration and exhalation rates of building materials. As a result, it is advised not to use granite inside homes and only place it on the front of the house.
A comparison of machine learning models’ accuracy in predicting lower-limb joints’ kinematics, kinetics, and muscle forces from wearable sensors
Authors: Moghadam Shima Mohammadi , Yeung Ted , Choisne Julie
Published: September 2022

Gait analysis outside the laboratory has been possible by recent advancements in wearable sensors like inertial measurement units (IMUs) and Electromypgraphy (EMG) sensors. The aim of this study was to compare performance of four different non-linear regression machine learning (ML) models to estimate lower-limb joints’ kinematics, kinetics, and muscle forces using IMUs and EMGs’ data. Seventeen healthy volunteers (9F, 28 ± 5 yrs) were asked to walk over-ground for a minimum of 16 trials. For each trial, marker trajectories and three force-plates data were recorded to calculate pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle kinematics and kinetics, and muscle forces (the targets) as well as 7 IMUs and 16 EMGs. The most important features from sensors’ data were extracted using Tsfresh python package and fed into 4 ML models; Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS) for targets’ prediction. The RF model outperformed the other ML models by providing lower prediction errors in all intended targets. This study suggested that a combination of wearable sensors’ data with an RF model is a promising tool to overcome limitations of traditional optical motion capture for 3D gait analysis.
The effect of host density on parasite infection: a case study of blue mussels Mytilus edulis and their trematode parasites
Authors: Levakin Ivan A. , Nikolaev Kirill E. , Galaktionov Kirill
Published: September 2022

Host density is an important factor determining transmission success of parasites in marine ecosystems. Here we suggest a simple model linking mean abundance (the proportion of the number of parasite individuals found to the number of host individuals examined) and parasite density (parasite population per area) with the density of the host for parasites with a complex life cycle, where an infected host cannot be the source of infection for conspecifics. The model predicts a power-law dependence: negative for mean abundance and positive for parasite density. This means that the increase of the host density simultaneously reduces the average load per host individual and increases the transmission success of the parasite. For the case when host density is estimated “per unit area” (e.g., ind. per m2), our model predicts the exponents of this dependence of − 0.5 for mean abundance and 0.5 for parasite density. We tested the model on our data on accumulation of metacercariae of trematodesHimasthlaspp. andCercaria parvicaudata(Renicolasp.) in second intermediate hosts, musselsMytilus edulis, at the White Sea intertidal and found a good correspondence between the empirical data and the model (R2 = 0.7 — 0.9). A positive correlation between the density of the parasite population and the host density suggests that dense host settlements with a lower infection level (prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity) should play a greater role in the transmission of the parasite than sparse settlements with a high infection level.
Gene dosage determines the behavioural phenotype in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease: analysis of the contribution of brain insulin signalling and gut microbiota
Authors: Medina-Vera Dina , Zambrana-Infantes Emma N , López-Gambero Antonio J , Gonzalez-Jimenez Andrés , Navarro Juan A , Pavón Francisco J , Baixeras Elena , Santín Luis J , Suárez Juan , Rosell Cristina , de Fonseca Fernando Rodríguez
Published: September 2022

Background: There are many hypotheses about the neuropathological origin of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The amyloid cascade hypothesis remains the most widely accepted by the scientific community, although the role of amyloid-β (Aβ) as the sole cause of neuropathological features of the non-inherited form of AD is questionable.
Methods: The 5xFAD mouse model shows amyloid plaques formation and cognitive impairment from 4 months of age. However, no attention is paid to the effect of genetic load, heterozygous (HTZ) versus homozygous (HZ) condition, on the behaviour, histology, metabolic physiology, and composition of gut microbiota. We studied the phenotype of HTZ and HZ mice of both sexes at 4-6 months (early disease onset) and 10-12 months of age (late disease onset).
Results: We described that from 4-6 months old, both HTZ and HZ mice exhibited hippocampal impairment caused by accumulation of Aβ40 and Aβ42, increased neuroinflammatory markers and altered PI3K-Akt pathway. However, only HZ mice showed cognitive impairment in the Y-maze test and the Morris water maze. In addition, dysregulation of insulin-linked metabolic pathways was detected at the peripheral level between HTZ and HZ mice. This striking difference between behavioural, immunopathological and physiological phenotypes extends to the microbiota in terms of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, being most pronounced in HZ mice at 10-12 months old.
Conclusions: Taken together, our results suggest that Aβ aggregation may not be the sole cause of worsening cognitive impairment, but that other factors such as PI3K-Akt, insulin-linked metabolic pathways, and microbiota composition could be influencing disease progression, allowing for alternative disease-modifying interventions.
Combination surgery for the treatment of habitual patellar dislocation in adolescents
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang De-Bao , Xu Sheng-Ming , Bi Huang-Yi , GU Gui-Shan
Published: September 2022

Objective The combination of lateral soft tissue release, medial soft tissue contraction, vastus medialis anterior placement, medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction, and rectus femoris insertion reconstruction are introduced in the treatment of habitual patellar dislocation in adolescents.
Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 12 patients (17 knees) with habitual patellar dislocation and unclosed epiphyses who underwent surgical treatment at the First Hospital of Jilin University from May 2017 to November 2021. The Lysholm scores and Q angle were collected pre-operatively and at final follow-up and were compared.
Results 12 patients (4 boys and 8 girls) aged 10–15 years were retrospectively analysed, who followed up for an average of 21 months (5–48 months). The range of motion of the knee joint returned to normal in all patients, and no cases of complications including surgical site infection, joint stiffness, or patellar re-dislocation occurred. The mean Lysholm scores and Q angles improved from 73.9, 19.6° preoperatively to 91.7, 13.9° at the final follow-up, respectively.
Conclusion The preliminary effect of the combination surgery for habitual patellar dislocation in adolescents was satisfactory.