bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis of Optic Nerve Cells After Retinal Contusion in Rabbits
Authors: Wang M. M. Zhi-Yu , Shi B. A. Ai-Yun
Published: January 2020

Objective: This study aims to observe the apoptosis of optic nerve cells after retinal contusion in rabbits, and explore the mechanism of its occurrence. Methods: Forty-eight healthy adult chinchilla rabbits without eye diseases were randomly divided into eight groups:
post-contusion hour 1, hour 3, day 1, day 3, day 7, day 14 and day 28, and normal control groups (n = 6, each group). The right eye was the injured eye, which was induced by the modified Allen's falling strike method. The rabbit eye specimens were obtained on time after the models were
established. Five-mm pathological sections of the post-laminar optic nerve were prepared, tissue morphology was observed, and glial cells were counted. The apoptosis of optic nerve cells was observed by electron microscopy and TUNEL staining. Results and Discussion: Optic nerve fibers
were disarranged and glial cells were out of order at hour 1, hour 3, day 1, day 3 and day 7 after injury. Furthermore, the cell counts were reduced at hour 1, hour 3, day 1, day 3, day 7, day 14 and day 28 after injury; and the differences were statistically significant, compared with the
normal control group (P < 0.01). Results suggest that the apoptosis of optic nerve glial cells may also be one of the reasons for poor recovery of visual function after retinal contusion.
Sociology Engaged in Social Justice
Authors: Romero Mary
Published: January 2020

This article expands on my presidential address to further bolster the case that sociology has, from its inception, been engaged in social justice. I argue that a critical review of our discipline and our Association’s vaunted empiricist tradition of objectivity, in which sociologists are detached from their research, was accomplished by a false history and sociology of sociology that ignored, isolated, and marginalized some of the founders. In the past half-century, scholar-activists, working-class sociologists, sociologists of color, women sociologists, indigenous sociologists, and LGBTQ sociologists have similarly been marginalized and discouraged from pursuing social justice issues and applied research within our discipline. Being ignored by academic sociology departments has led them to create or join homes in interdisciplinary programs and other associations that embrace applied and scholar-activist scholarship. I offer thoughts about practices that the discipline and Association should use to reclaim sociology’s social justice tradition.
Clinical Innovation: A Multidisciplinary Program for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Systemic Hypertension in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Kaplinski Michelle , Griffis Heather , Liu Fang , Tinker Craig , Laney Nina C. , Mendoza Melodee , Cohen Meryl S. , Meyers Kevin , Natarajan Shobha S.
Published: January 2020

Pediatric systemic hypertension (HTN) is underdiagnosed and undertreated. The Divisions of Cardiology and Nephrology at our institution developed a comprehensive outpatient HTN program to (1) screen children at risk for HTN, (2) assess cardiovascular health, and (3) optimize medical management. We report our findings during all initial visits (n = 304) from December 2011 to September 2018. Of the cohort, 38% were obese and 36% reported little to no exercise. More than half of patients ≥11 years old did not have recommended lipid screening. When evaluating ambulatory blood pressure monitoring results, clinic blood pressure did not accurately diagnose patients with or without HTN and many patients on antihypertensive medications were inadequately treated. Visit recommendations included addition of or changes to antihypertensive medication in 35% of patients. A multidisciplinary program dedicated to pediatric HTN helps screen patients who are at risk. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring identifies HTN in patients with normal clinic blood pressure and those on antihypertensive medication.
The Effect of Perceived College-Related Stress on Depression, Life Satisfaction, and School Satisfaction: The Coping Strategies of Hispanic College Students From a Hispanic Serving Institution
Authors: Lardier David T. , Lee Chih-Yuan Steven , Rodas Jose Miquel , Garcia-Reid Pauline , Reid Robert J.
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect reflective coping, suppressive coping, and reactive coping had on stress and indicators of well-being among Hispanic undergraduate students ( N = 177) from a Hispanic Serving Institution. Findings demonstrate that both reactive and suppressive coping had separate but important moderating effects on perceived stress and well-being outcomes. Perceived stress was also associated with both depressive symptoms and life satisfaction indirectly through copying styles.
Theoretical Review of the Creativity, the Key Factor in Education With Visual Impairment
Authors: Llamazares de Prado Jose Enrique , Arias Gago Ana Rosa , Melcon Alvarez Maria Antonia
Published: January 2020

This research dealing with the relationship between blindness and creativity, sustain the consideration that they are incapable to achieve an interaction with a predominantly visual creative activity. Nowadays, we know that this is false. Education represents a fundamental pillar of society, and all children have the same right to educational access to achieve their full potential cognitive, emotional, and creative abilities. The following article explains the importance of education for people with visual functional diversity with key elements such as creativity and divergent thinking, emphasizing the value creativity as a teaching tool. The main aim is the review of the studies of visual disability and creativity through the methodology of theoretical review. This study ambitions a systematic reflection of the synthetic quantitative estimate of all of the available studies, proposing to establish a theoretical framework linking creativity in the education of students with visual impairment, providing personal assessments about the above mentioned variables in this study. Within the findings, the function of creative potential, through divergent thinking in the creation of concepts and ideas, solving problems, and with interest not only in education however in any area of life, is evident. Art is an educational tool that is as valid as others, being an instrument of personal growth and improvement, and a means of integration for different educational areas.
Lefamulin
Authors: Kozhokar Liliya , Levien Terri L. , Baker Danial E.
Published: January 2020

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are available online to subscribers. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service, contact Wolters Kluwer customer service at 866-397-3433.
Underwater surveillance in non-Gaussian noisy environment
Authors: Omkar Lakshmi Jagan B , Koteswara Rao S
Published: January 2020

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of different filtering algorithms in the presence of non-Gaussian noise environment for tracking underwater targets, using Doppler frequency and bearing measurements. The tracking using Doppler frequency and bearing measurements is popularly known as Doppler-bearing tracking. Here the measurements, that is, bearings and Doppler frequency, are considered to be corrupted with two types of non-Gaussian noises namely shot noise and Gaussian mixture noise. The non-Gaussian noise sampled measurements are assumed to be obtained (a) randomly throughout the process and (b) repeatedly at some particular time samples. The efficiency of these filters with the increase in non-Gaussian noise samples is discussed in this paper. The performance of filters is compared with that of Cramer-Rao Lower Bound. Doppler-bearing extended Kalman filter and Doppler-bearing unscented Kalman filter are chosen for this work.
The impacts of maternal separation experience and its pattern on depression and dysfunctional attitude in middle school students in rural China
Authors: Cao Xiu-jing , Huang Yi-xuan , Zhu Ping , Zhang Zhi-gang
Published: January 2020

Background:

In China, because of the growth of economically driven rural-to-urban migration, there are lots of children in rural area who are separating or have separation experience with their parents. Until now, few studies focused on solely maternal separation and no research studied whether its pattern will affect children’s later psychological status.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine whether early or late maternal separation affects depression and dysfunctional attitude in middle school students and what is the role of cumulative duration and meeting frequency.

Methods:

Maternal separation experience was obtained by using questionnaires. We got early maternal separation group first. Then, late maternal separation and control group were obtained with the same number by matching grade, sex and family socioeconomic status. All the students in the three groups completed the scales of Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) and Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS).

Results:

Both CDI and DAS scores of early separation group are higher than the other two groups. When we split the data by sex, only females presented the same results. When cumulative duration is short, there is significant difference in both scores of CDI and DAS among the three groups, which showed the scores of early separation group are higher than the other two groups. When the cumulative duration is long, there is no significant difference among the three groups. When meeting frequency is high, there is no significant difference among the three groups. When it is low, there is significant difference among the three groups, which showed the CDI and DAS scores of early separation group are higher than the other two groups. Furthermore, the same results are also found in females.

Conclusion:

Early maternal separation may exert negative influence on student’s depression and dysfunctional attitude. The sex, cumulative duration and meeting frequency may also play important roles in the effect.
Changing Pay Systems in Organizations: Using Behavioral Reasoning Theory to Understand Employee Support for Pay-for-Performance (or Not)
Authors: Wagner Michael , Westaby James D.
Published: January 2020

Recently, the use of pay-for-performance systems has rapidly expanded into new industries. However, many employees resist these changes, mitigating effectiveness. Unfortunately, little scientific research has examined underlying reasons for the support or nonsupport of such systems, informed by theory. Grounded in behavioral reasoning theory and organizational change frameworks, this study examined antecedents and consequences of employees’ reasoning process to support or not support pay-for-performance systems. Structural equation results on 245 employees demonstrated that reasons for and reasons against supporting pay-for-performance systems predicted attitudes and intentions to support the systems. Significant antecedents of the reasoning included pay valence, top management support, and coworker support. Top reasons for supporting the systems included increased opportunities to make money and being recognized for high performance. Top reasons against supporting the systems included the political nature of pay-for-performance and concerns that performance would not be measured accurately. Implications for organizational change programs are highlighted.
Raising the stakes: Land titling and electoral stability in Kenya
Authors: Klaus Kathleen
Published: January 2020

How does large-scale land reform affect electoral stability and the prospects for election violence? While scholars have theorized elite-level logics of land distribution, few studies analyze the effects of land reform on the attitudes of ordinary citizens, and the implications such reforms have for electoral violence. The article uses an original survey and qualitative interviews in coastal Kenya to examine the effects of the Kenyan government’s recent land titling campaign, the most ambitious and extensive since independence. It theorizes and tests the micro-mechanisms through which the selective distribution of land rights in the pre-electoral period heightens or lowers the stakes of an electoral outcome by altering levels of political trust and perceived threat. Results indicate that title deed beneficiaries are more likely to trust political institutions than non-beneficiaries. Yet, while title deed recipients are more likely to trust state institutions, they are also more likely to fear the electoral process compared to non-beneficiaries. The findings reveal how the perceived stakes of an election can vary across local spaces. Where political trust is low and threat is high, citizens may view elections as particularly high-stakes events and, thus, may be more willing to take on the costs of participation in violence to ensure their preferred political outcome, or to defend themselves against anticipated attacks.
Comparison between prostitutes’ and general women’s homicides: The experience of the bureau of legal medicine of Milan and Hinterland over 26 years
Authors: Bianchi Rachele , Boracchi Michele , Alfredo Clerici Carlo , Del Gobbo Alessandro , Gentile Guendalina , Marchesi Matteo , Zoja Riccardo
Published: January 2020

We present a retrospective study of prostitutes’ homicide in the Milanese area over a 26-year period (1993–2018), and compare the results with general women’s homicides: 294 women were killed of whom 71 were prostitutes. In the general population, the type-victim is an Italian woman aged between 31 and 40 years suffering from no particular pathologies or drug dependence. Prostitutes are 10 years younger, mostly Italian, suffering from pathologies probably related to their activities. Prostitutes remain at high risk of violence, due to gaps in the crime prevention system.
Dynamic characteristics of high-speed gasoline engine turbocharger based on thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication bearing model and flexible multibody dynamics method
Authors: Gu Can song , Yuan Zhao cheng , Yang Zheng rui , Liu Jia xin , Li Hong liang
Published: January 2020

A flexible multibody dynamic calculation model based on thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication bearing model was established. This numerical simulation method provided a more realistic turbocharger calculation model and a more reliable theoretical support for studying the dynamic vibration characteristics of the floating ring bearing turbocharger system. In order to fully consider the dynamic characteristics of each component, the behavior of the floating ring bearing was described by generalized incompressible Reynolds equation in thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication model. The flexible body substructure models were established by the modal synthesis method. Based on this model, the direct mathematical model of the relationship between the eccentricity of the rotor and the oil film clearance on the turbocharger’s surface vibration was established. The influence of eccentricity and oil film thickness on the surface vibration of the turbocharger body was calculated by transient dynamics method. The results showed that the eccentricity of the rotor and the vibration of turbocharger housing were monotonic functions, but the interaction between the whirl of internal and external oil films made the mechanism of the influence of the oil film thickness on the turbocharger body’s vibration complicated. The research provided a new idea for the structural vibration and synchronous noise control of the supercharger.
Future-Directed Thinking and Its Relationship to Subjective Well-Being in Older Adults
Authors: Corlett Holly , MacLeod Andrew K.
Published: January 2020

Age-related changes in future-directed thinking may be important for well-being. Older and younger adults generated idiographic anticipated experiences for the next week, the next year, and the next 5–10 years, using an adapted fluency measure. Relative to younger adults, older adults maintained a focus on the immediate future but frequency of anticipated events declined for the medium and longer term. The presence of negative thoughts for those two more distant time periods was related to lower life satisfaction in older adults. Content differences in thoughts illustrated the differing concerns of the two groups. The results align broadly with previous findings in the literature on socioemotional selectivity theory.
Relationships Among Executive Dysfunction, Constructive Worrying, and Worry Responses in Older Adults
Authors: Granier Katie L. , Segal Daniel L. , Coolidge Frederick L.
Published: January 2020

Worry is a ubiquitous human experience and core symptom of anxiety. The present study examined the extent to which specific aspects of worry are related to perceived executive dysfunction in older adults. A total of 100 older adult participants ( M age = 68.82 years; range = 65–79 years) completed the Worry Behaviors Inventory, the Coolidge Axis II Inventory Executive Dysfunctions Scale, and the Constructive and Unconstructive Worry Questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses found that worry constructiveness and response behaviors were predictive of executive dysfunction. Specifically, greater avoidance behaviors and unconstructive worry were uniquely predictive of greater executive dysfunctions. Thus, findings indicate that worry constructiveness and approaches to worry management are significantly related to cognitive functioning in older adults. These findings imply a need to assess both worry and executive dysfunction to more accurately determine causal factors regarding anxiety and cognitive decline in older adults.
Childhood Risk Factors for Self-Reported Versus Official Life-Course-Persistent, Adolescence-Limited, and Late-Onset Offending
Authors: Zara Georgia , Farrington David P.
Published: January 2020

There has been no prior research comparing risk factors for categories of convicted individuals (C-types: life-course-persistent; adolescence-limited; late-onset) compared with the corresponding categories of individuals who self-reported offending (SR-types). This article examines the extent to which these convicted and self-reported categories of individuals overlap, and explores childhood risk factors that predict categories of C-types and SR-types. Criminal career information about individuals involved in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (CSDD) is used; 25 childhood factors were analyzed. C-types and SR-types were more problematic than both official and SR nonoffenders. Life-course persisters, adolescence-limited offenders, and nonoffenders overlapped in official records and self-reports, but late-onset offenders did not. C-types were significantly similar to SR-types in childhood risk factors; only a few differences were found. The differences between C-types and SR-types might be better conceptualized as quantitative rather than qualitative. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed.
Tire blow-out control for direct drive electric vehicles using reconfiguration of torque distribution and vertical load
Authors: Yang Lu , Yue Ming , Tian Haoyu , Yao Baozhen
Published: January 2020

This paper proposes a composite stability control strategy for tire blowout electric vehicle with explicit consideration of vertical load redistribution, subject to multi-constraints, uncertainty and redundant actuation. To readily implement system state and actuator increment constraints, a model predictive controller is designed to enhance vehicle stability performance and original lane keeping. Meanwhile, a sliding mode control-based longitudinal velocity controller is collaboratively proposed for maintaining the original longitudinal velocity after tire blowout in the freeway, which can reduce considerably the rear-end collision accidents. After that, a constrained weighting least square-based reconfigurable torque distributor is developed to realize the tracking of the virtual resultant yaw-moment and longitudinal tire force signals generated by the above controllers, considering system physical constraints and actuator capability simultaneously. Simulations with different tire blowout scenarios are conducted on the developed dynamic simulation platform to demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed control methods; furthermore, the influence of different tire blowout on the vehicle movement behaviors is discussed. Statistical results based on the system transient performance and control effort evaluating indictors highlight the considerable superiority of the developed model predictive controller compared with the linear quadratic regulator.
H∞ Filtering for two-dimensional discrete switched systems in the second Fornasini and Marchesini model
Authors: Badie Khalid , Alfidi Mohammed , Chalh Zakaria
Published: January 2020

This paper is concerned with the H∞ filtering problem for two-dimensional (2-D) discrete switched systems described by the second Fornasini and Marchesini (FM) model. The main purpose is to design a switched filter such that the resulting filtering error system under the arbitrary switching signal is asymptotically stable with a guaranteed H∞ performance level. By using the switched Lyapunov functions, a new sufficient condition is obtained to guarantee the asymptotic stability with a H∞ performance index for the filtering error system. Based on this condition, the full- and reduced-order H∞ filter design conditions are derived and formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Two illustrative examples are utilized to show the effectiveness and less conservativeness of the proposed method.
Arrangements for workers’ safety and health in container terminals: Corporate core values and concrete practice
Authors: Walters David , Wadsworth Emma
Published: January 2020

This article presents an account of corporate strategies for occupational safety and health (OSH) management in container terminals operated by large global companies in four countries, and their delivery in the operation of terminal work activities. It indicates a substantial gap between these aims and approaches, their orientation at corporate and terminal management levels and the workers’ experiences in the terminals. While this gap is evident everywhere, it is considerably more pronounced in the terminals of the low-income country included in the study. The article indicates that in day-to-day practice, OSH is principally addressed through behaviour control strategies that fail to reach many aspects of occupational health and safety that workers perceive as important. It further indicates that contractor workers are hardest hit by such practice and suggests a radical rethinking of corporate approaches to safety and health is required to justify the claim that they represent ‘corporate core values’.
Overview of Bayesian Statistics
Authors: Rindskopf David
Published: January 2020

Bayesian statistics is becoming a popular approach to handling complex statistical modeling. This special issue of Evaluation Review features several Bayesian contributions. In this overview, I present the basics of Bayesian inference. Bayesian statistics is based on the principle that parameters have a distribution of beliefs about them that behave exactly like probability distributions. We can use Bayes’ Theorem to update our beliefs about values of the parameters as new information becomes available. Even better, we can make statements that frequentists do not, such as “the probability that an effect is larger than 0 is .93,” and can interpret 95% (e.g.) intervals as people naturally want, that there is a 95% probability that the parameter is in that interval. I illustrate the basic concepts of Bayesian statistics through a simple example of predicting admissions to a PhD program.
Development of a prototype anti-pollution filter for volatile anesthetics
Authors: Nigro Neto Caetano , Andrade Aron Jose Pazin , Leal Edir , Bezerra Francisco Jose Lucena , Lomivorotov Vladimir , Landoni Giovanni
Published: January 2020

Introduction:

The use of volatile agents during cardiopulmonary bypass allows a “single drug anesthesia” and is associated with reduced peak postoperative troponin levels. Connecting the exhaust systems to the oxygenator’s gas outlet port is mandatory and allows to prevent operating room (but not atmospheric) pollution by volatile agents. The aim of this study was to create a prototype filter for volatile agents and to test its adsorption efficacy during an ex-vivo simulated conventional cardiopulmonary bypass test.

Methods:

We carried out bench tests to conceive a prototype filter that could prevent room and environment pollution without damaging membrane oxygenators. We performed the tests at the Engineering Center for Circulatory Assistance Laboratory, Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, São Paulo, Brazil. Bench tests included simulation of integral adsorption tests, filter dimensions and design, flow versus pressure curve, sizing, and tightness.

Results:

Calgon AT 410 was the best kind of activated charcoal granules for adsorption of sevoflurane, isoflurane, and desflurane. Filter dimension tests showed that a chamber of 30-cm width over 10-cm diameter filled with 200 g of the Calgon AT410 granules was the minimum required to fully adsorb sevoflurane for 90 min. Adsorption tests showed that the prototype filter fully adsorbed isoflurane in 100 ± 2.3 min, sevoflurane in 95 ± 3.4 min, and desflurane in 95 ± 4.3 min.

Conclusion:

The new version of our prototype filter adsorbed most of the volatile anesthetics agents during an ex-vivo simulated conventional cardiopulmonary bypass test.
Preliminary Evidence for the Validity of the Family Caregiver Identity Scale
Authors: Eifert Elise K. , Dudley William , Eddy James , Perko Michael , Adams Rebecca
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the Family Caregiver Identity Scale (FCIS), an instrument designed to measure the extent to which an individual identifies with the family caregiver role. The process of instrument development outlined in the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing was combined with Dillman’s four stages of pretesting. This was a multistage, iterative process, including several revisions based on feedback from experts, interviews, and pilot testing. Factor analyses were performed to test the hypothesized model of caregiver identity. A version of the FCIS consisting of 18 items was created and demonstrated initial evidence of validity. The FCIS will enable gerontological professionals to assess caregiver identity. The absence of caregiver identity is a factor in caregivers not accessing support services. This study contributes to the growing body of research connecting caregiver identity and support service utilization by caregivers.
“A Slap of Love”: A Way of Showing Love and Resolving Conflict Among Young People in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Mulumeoderhwa Maroyi
Published: January 2020

This article draws on qualitative study to examine Congolese male and female high school students’ attitudes toward intimate partner violence. A total of 56 boys and girls aged 16–20 years from two urban and two rural high schools in South Kivu province took part in focus groups, and 40 of these were subsequently interviewed individually. To the majority of male and female participants, when the man or boy beats his wife or girlfriend that means he loves her and he wants her to change. They believed that if a boy does not love her, he may let her go on making mistakes. Some male participants viewed women and girlfriend beating as a way to let her realize her inferiority. However, some female participants disagreed with these assumptions but they concomitantly accepted a “slap of love.” There is a strong need to re-educating both males and females to address the problem, and particularly train men to treat women respectfully and non-violently.
An Evaluation of On-Campus Lactation Spaces for Student-Parents
Authors: Sturtevant Catherine , Huebner Colleen , Waite Whitney
Published: January 2020

Background

Numerous researchers have evaluated the influence of federal and workplace lactation policies on breastfeeding duration, however few have considered the experiences of breastfeeding people returning to school.

Research aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality of existing on-campus lactation spaces.

Methods

In-depth interviews were conducted with student-parents ( N = 18) who had expressed milk on campus. Data collection and thematic analysis were based on the availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality framework for evaluating health services from the human rights literature and adapted for this study.

Results

For most participants with proximal access to a designated lactation space, room availability was exceptional and quality was marginally adequate. The provision of breast pumps, in-room sinks, and study desks were important aspects of quality discussed by the participants. Not all participants made use of the university’s designated lactation spaces due to either physical or informational inaccessibility. If designated lactation spaces were not convenient, participants found closer alternatives (e.g., bathroom, staff offices, or during the academic session).

Conclusion

Breastfeeding parents who return to school experience obstacles similar to those reported by employed parents who return to work. They require convenient access to appropriate spaces and sufficient privacy to express milk for their infants. In order to best support all learners, university leaders must consider the needs of this unique student population.
Induced Lactation in a Mother Through Surrogacy With Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS)
Authors: LeCain Magdalena , Fraterrigo Gemma , Drake William M.
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Breastfeeding offers the optimal feeding option for newborns in terms of nutritional content and reinforces mother-infant bonding. As a physiological process intrinsically linked to parturition, breastfeeding is no longer reserved for puerperal mothers. Progress in understanding the intricacies of lactogenesis and breastfeeding has further paved the way for artificially induced lactation in recent years.

Main issues

We describe the case of a mother through surrogacy with XY karyotype and complete androgen insensitivity syndrome who wished to breastfeed her child.

Management

Through a combination of estrogen therapy, galactagogues, and mechanical breast stimulation she was able to partially breastfeed her child for one month.

Conclusion

This case further shifts the concept that breastfeeding is a physiological process confined to only puerperal mothers and offers an opportunity to a wider group of nontraditional mothers to take part in the unique experience of breastfeeding.
On God and Democracy: Engaging Bretherton’s Christ and the Common Life
Authors: Hauerwas Stanley
Published: January 2020

In this article I try to introduce the overall structure of Bretherton’s book Christ and the Common Life by showing how each chapter displays how talk of God and talk of politics are mutually constitutive. In particular I try to show how Bretherton’s ‘case studies’ are arranged to develop his constructive thesis. My paper was not meant to be critical, though I raise the question of whether Bretherton’s project is not a very sophisticated form of Constantinianism—a question that very much asks Bretherton to make clear for whom he has written this extremely impressive book.
Wear behavior of new biomaterial composite for dental application
Authors: Chaaben Rihem , Taktak Rym , Elleuch Khaled , Ellouz Manel , Kordisch Thomas
Published: January 2020

The current study examines the tribological performance of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) reinforced with Salvadora persica ( S. persica) powder and hydroxyapatite (HAP). This composite was selected to be used in dental application. Different percentages of S. persica were employed to enhance bioactivity and antibacterial properties. However, HAP was used to improve the wear performance of the composite. Friction response was investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, Vickers hardness, pin-on-disc tribometer, and 2-D profilometer. Both wear volume and friction coefficient were investigated, especially when changing the percentage of S. persica and HAP fillers. Moreover, the morphologies of the wear track were examined by the SEM, the wear mechanisms are discussed, and the phenomenon of stick-slip is shown. The main results revealed that the composition (70% PMMA + 20% S. persica + 10% HAP) has the best wear resistance.
Exploring Quality of Primary Care for Patients Who Experience Homelessness and the Clinicians Who Serve Them: What Are Their Aspirations?
Authors: Varley Allyson L. , Montgomery Ann Elizabeth , Steward Jocelyn , Stringfellow Erin , Austin Erika L. , Gordon Adam J. , Pollio David , deRussy Aerin , Hoge April , Gelberg Lillian , Riggs Kevin , Kim Theresa W. , Rubens Sonia L. , Kertesz Stefan G.
Published: January 2020

To develop and evaluate an effective model of patient-centered, high-quality, homeless-focused primary care, our team explored key domains of primary care that may be important to patients. We anchored our conceptual framework in two reports from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) that defined components of primary care and quality of care. Using questions developed from this framework, we conducted semistructured interviews with 36 homeless-experienced individuals with past-year primary care engagement and 24 health care professionals (clinicians and researchers) who serve homeless-experienced patients in the primary care setting. Template analysis revealed factors important to this population. These included stigma, respect, and perspectives on patient control of medical decision-making in regard to both pain and addiction. For patients experiencing homelessness, the results suggest that quality primary care may have different meanings for patients and professionals, and that services should be tailored to meet homeless-specific needs.
Intercultural Competence in Pre-Service Teacher Candidates
Authors: Barnatt Joan , Andries D’Souza Lisa , Gleeson Ann Marie , Mitchell Viesca Kara , Wery Jessica
Published: January 2020

This mixed-method study utilizes survey and interview data reflecting teacher candidates’ beliefs about intercultural competence to identify areas of targeted support in teacher preparation. Intercultural competence is operationalized by performance on the Cultural Intelligence Survey (CQS) identifying relative areas of strength and weakness in four dimensions. Participants reported awareness of cultural differences and motivation to interact with those from other cultures, with less confidence in their knowledge base and ability to adapt behavior in intercultural interactions. Qualitative data provided explanatory support for understanding how program elements influenced intercultural competence along a developmental trajectory of learning.
Bremelanotide: New Drug Approved for Treating Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Authors: Mayer Danielle , Lynch Sarah E.
Published: January 2020

Objective: To review data regarding bremelanotide, a recently approved therapy for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). Data Sources: Literature search of Medline, SCOPUS, and EMBASE was performed using the search terms bremelanotide, bremelanotide injection, Vyleesi, and melanocortin 4 receptor agonist between January 1, 1996, and December 15, 2019. Reference lists from included articles were also reviewed for pertinent citations. Study Selection/Data Extraction: We included phase 2 and 3 trials of bremelanotide. There were 2 reports of phase 3 trials and 2 reports of phase 2 trials. Additional information from supplementary analyses was also referenced. Data Synthesis: Bremelanotide demonstrates significant improvement in desire and a significant decrease in distress related to lack of desire. The most common adverse effects include nausea (39.9%), facial flushing (20.4%), and headache (11%). Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Bremelanotide is the second Food and Drug Administration–approved medication for the treatment of HSDD. Bremelanotide’s place in therapy is unknown, as the HSDD guidelines were last updated in 2017. Although the trials met statistical significance for change in sexual desire elements and distress related to sexual desire, the clinical benefit may only be modest. Conclusion: Bremelanotide is a subcutaneous injection that can be administered as needed approximately 45 minutes prior to sexual activity. Bremelanotide is safe and has limited drug-drug interactions, including no clinically significant interactions with ethanol. Prescribing guidelines recommend no more than 1 dose in 24 hours and no more than 8 doses per month. Individuals should discontinue use after 8 weeks without benefit.
WavelinQ created arteriovenous fistulas versus surgical radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas? A single-centre observational study
Authors: Inston Nicholas , Khawaja Aurangzaib , Tullett Karen , Jones Robert
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

Devices to permit percutaneous endovascular arteriovenous fistula formation have recently been introduced into clinical practice with promising initial evidence. As guidelines support a distal fistula first policy, the question of whether an endovascular arteriovenous fistula should be performed as an initial option is introduced. The aims of this study were to compare a matched cohort of endovascular arteriovenous fistula with surgical radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas.

Materials and methods:

Using data from a prospectively collected database over a 3-year period, a matched comparative analysis was performed.

Results:

WavelinQ arteriovenous fistulas (group W, n = 30) were compared with radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas (group RC; n = 40). Procedural success was high with 96.7% for group W and 92.6% for group RC. Primary patency at 6 and 12 months was greater in group W (65.5% 6mo and 56.5% 12mo) compared to group RC (53.4% 6mo and 44% 12mo) ( p = 0.69 and 0.63). Mean primary patency was significantly lower for RC (235 ± 210 days) vs W (362 ± 240 days) ( p < 0.05). Secondary patency for group W was 75.8% and 69.5% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Secondary patency for RC was lower at 66.7% and 57.6% at 6 and 12 months, respectively.

Conclusion:

Outcomes of WavelinQ arteriovenous fistulas in this series are similar to published results. When compared to a contemporaneously created group of surgical fistulas, WavelinQ demonstrated superior outcomes. These data would support that WavelinQ endovascular arteriovenous fistulas may be considered as a first option in the access pathway particularly if vessels at the wrist are absent or less than ideal.
Can the Dalit woman speak? How ‘intersectionality’ helps advance postcolonial organization studies
Authors: Raman K Ravi
Published: January 2020

Through a sustained engagement with postcolonial/subaltern studies scholarships, I would inquire into how intersectionality as an approach could advance an argument in the context of the postcolonial organization studies. This would ensure a submerged possibility of understanding ‘workplace resistances’ and their varied dynamics. The case study involves both contemporary ethnographic and in-depth historical accounts sourced from the Dalit women’s protests at tea plantations in the south Indian state of Kerala in 2015 (along with pertinent secondary sources). The article explores how ‘self-organizing’ by the mis-organized, during the course of the struggle, turned them into active political subjects: a ‘subject position from which to speak’. Exposing certain theoretical constraints within the postcolonial approach and incorporating insights from deeper subjective aspects of the labour process, social reproduction in postcolonial perspectives, and the feminist literature on intersectionality as an integrative narrative, an attempt is made to supplement the postcolonial organization studies and open up the gateway to its advancement.
Disabling organizational spaces: Exploring the processes through which spatial environments disable employees with impairments
Authors: Van Laer Koen , Jammaers Eline , Hoeven Wendy
Published: January 2020

Adopting a Lefebvrian perspective that draws attention to the connection between space and power, this study aims to contribute to the organizational literature by offering an in-depth understanding of the processes through which organizational spaces can disable employees with impairments and contribute to the unequal power relations between disabled and non-disabled employees. Based on 65 interviews, it shows how organizational spaces can disable employees with impairments through disabling productivity, social inclusion, independence, and physical comfort and safety. A first contribution this allows this study to make is identifying the different aspects involved in the production of ableist organizational spaces and the way they are connected to the relations of power between disabled and non-disabled employees. It shows how ableist organizational spaces are conceived in an ableist way, become dominated by ableist spatial practice and infuse lived experiences with ableism. Second, this study extends debates on disability in organizations by offering a spatial understanding of ableist notions of the ‘ideal employee’, the reproduction of ableist discourses, and embodied experiences of ableism in organizations. A third contribution this article makes is providing an understanding of the strategies employers and disabled employees use to (attempt to) manage ableist organizational spaces. It argues that as these strategies mainly aim to secure productive participation, they do not address, or can even contribute to, other disabling processes. In this way, they not only reproduce relations of power between employers and disabled employees but also do not fundamentally challenge those between disabled and non-disabled employees.
A mundane infrastructure of energy poverty: The informal trading of second-hand car batteries in Madagascar
Authors: Cholez Céline , Trompette Pascale
Published: January 2020

This article examines the complex interconnected chains of large- and small-scale trade that sustain the supply of second-hand car batteries as a widespread traditional solution to energy poverty. It traces the routes of goods that support the circulation of batteries from international routes upstream and downstream to urban and rural areas in Madagascar. It addresses the notion of a mundane infrastructure based on economic circuits that support the regular supply of rebuilt batteries as their repair, maintenance and recharge in the course of their second life. The analysis focuses on central nodes along this supply chain where intermediaries organize transactions over heterogeneous regimes of value and discontinuous economic spaces. It highlights the way these entrepreneurs provide solutions for disjunctions via translation and requalification processes. While the trade of second-hand car batteries is more and more subject to control to prevent lead trafficking rings, these secondary circuits of makeshift energy products raise the interweaving moral and material tensions between the contemporary global environmental politics and the survival of the mundane infrastructure of energy poverty.
Sex and relationships education for LGBT+ young people: Lessons from UK youth work
Authors: Formby Eleanor , Donovan Catherine
Published: January 2020

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGBT) inclusive sex and relationships education (SRE) is of growing interest. However, there is a lack of clarity about what LGBT inclusive SRE should/does look like in practice. This article addresses that uncertainty by examining original research findings on innovative youth work based SRE provided within an arts-based project run by a third sector organisation in the North East of England. The research is set within the context of three broad rationales for LGBT inclusive SRE: to support the mental health of LGBT+ young people; to tackle sexual health issues, and to address concerns about sexual encounters and intimate relationships. The article sets out research findings within four main themes concerning: young people’s experiences of formal SRE; young people’s attempts to acquire SRE informally; young people’s experiences of youth work based SRE; practitioners’ experiences of delivering youth work based SRE. It then draws on this data to make the case for dedicated youth work for LGBT+ young people, outlining its potential alongside school-based SRE.
Effect of fiber angles on hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete–steel double-skin tubular columns under monotonic axial compression
Authors: Zhang Bing , Zhao Jun-Liang , Huang Tao , Zhang Ning-Yuan , Zhang Yi-Jie , Hu Xia-Min
Published: January 2020

Hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete–steel double-skin tubular columns are a novel form of hollow columns that combine two traditional construction materials (i.e. concrete and steel) with fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete–steel double-skin tubular columns consist of an inner tube made of steel, an outer tube made of fiber-reinforced polymer, and a concrete layer between the two tubes. Existing studies, however, are focused on hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete–steel double-skin tubular columns with fibers of the fiber-reinforced polymer tube oriented in the hoop direction or close to the hoop direction. In order to investigate the effect of fiber angles (i.e. the fiber angle between the fiber orientation and the longitudinal axis of the fiber-reinforced polymer tube), monotonic axial compression tests were conducted on hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete–steel double-skin tubular columns with an fiber-reinforced polymer tube of ±45°, ±60°, or ±80° fiber angles. There were two types of steel tubes adopted for these hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete–steel double-skin tubular columns. The fiber-reinforced polymer tube thickness was also investigated as an important parameter. Experimental results showed that the confinement effect of the fiber-reinforced polymer tube increased with the increase of the absolute value of fiber angles, whereas the ultimate axial strain of hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete–steel double-skin tubular columns decreased with the increase of the absolute value of fiber angles. An existing stress–strain model, which was developed on the basis of hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete–steel double-skin tubular columns with an fiber-reinforced polymer tube of ±90° fiber angles, is verified using the test results of this study. For the compressive strength of the confined concrete in hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete–steel double-skin tubular columns, the existing model provides conservative predictions for specimens with a ±80° fiber-reinforced polymer tube, overestimated predictions for specimens with a ±60° fiber-reinforced polymer tube, and close predictions for specimens with a ±45° fiber-reinforced polymer tube.