bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of formal smell testing and symptom screening for identifying SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Keck James W. , Bush Matthew , Razick Robert , Mohammadie Setareh , Musalia Joshua , Hamm Joel
Published: April 2022

Background

Altered sense of smell is a commonly reported COVID-19 symptom. The performance of smell testing to identify SARS-CoV-2 infection status is unknown. We measured the ability of formal smell testing to identify SARS-CoV-2 infection and compared its performance with symptom screening.

Methods

A convenience sample of emergency department patients with COVID-19 symptom screening participated in smell testing using an eight odor Pocket Smell Test (PST). Participants received a SARS-CoV-2 viral PCR test after smell testing and completed a health conditions survey. Descriptive analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve models compared the accuracy of smell testing versus symptom screening in identifying SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Results

Two hundred and ninety-five patients completed smell testing and 87 (29.5%) had a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Twenty-eight of the SARS-CoV-2 positive patients (32.2%) and 49 of the SARS-CoV-2 negative patients (23.6%) reported at least one of seven screening symptoms (OR = 1.54, P = 0.13). SARS-CoV-2 positive patients were more likely to have hyposmia (≤5 correctly identified odors) than SARS-CoV-2 negative patients (56.1% vs. 19.3%, OR = 5.36, P<0.001). Hyposmia was 52.9% (95% CI 41.9%-63.7%) sensitive and 82.7% (95% CI 76.9%-87.6%) specific for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Presence of ≥1 screening symptom was 32.2% (95% CI 22.6%-43.1%) sensitive and 76.4% (70.1%-82.0%) specific for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The ROC curve for smell testing had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74 (95% CI 0.67–0.80). The ROC curve for symptom screening had lower discriminatory accuracy for SARS-CoV-2 infection (AUC = 0.55, 95% CI 0.49–0.61, P<0.001) than the smell testing ROC curve.

Conclusion

Smell testing was superior to symptom screening for identifying SARS-CoV-2 infection in our study.
Coping with oil spills: oil exposure and anxiety among residents of Gulf Coast states after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
Authors: Goldman Zachary , Kaufman John A. , Sharpe J. Danielle , Wolkin Amy F. , Gribble Matthew
Published: April 2022

Introduction: In April 2010, a fatal explosion on the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico resulted in the largest marine oil spill in history. This research describes the association of oil exposure with anxiety after the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and evaluates effect modification by self-mastery, emotional support, and cleanup participation.

Methods: To assess the impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted the Gulf States Population Survey, a random-digit-dial telephone cross-sectional survey completed between December 2010 and December 2011 with 38,361 responses in four different Gulf Coast states­: Louisiana, Florida, Alabama, and Mississippi. Anxiety severity was measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder symptom inventory. We used Tobit regression to model underlying anxiety as a function of oil exposure and hypothesized effect modifiers, adjusting for socio-demographics.

Results: Latent anxiety was higher among those with direct contact with oil than among those who did not have direct contact with oil in confounder-adjusted models (β = 2.84, 95% CI: 0.78, 4.91). Among individuals with direct contact to oil, there was no significant interaction between participating in cleanup activities and emotional support for anxiety (
P = 0.20). However, among those with direct contact with oil, in confounder-adjusted models, participation in oil spill cleanup activities was associated with lower latent anxiety (β = -3.55, 95% CI: -6.15, -0.95).

Conclusion: Oil contact was associated with greater anxiety, but this association appeared to be mitigated by cleanup participation.
Solidarität als Praxis
Authors: Schall Nikolas
Published: April 2022

Wie ist Solidarität in zunehmend diverseren Gesellschaften möglich? Nikolas Schall geht dieser Frage auf der Ebene individueller Praktiken nach. Am Beispiel des Weltsozialforums 2016 in Montreal analysiert er die mühevollen, situativen Praktiken, die im transnationalen Aktivismus - insbesondere zwischen indigenen und nicht-indigenen Aktivist*innen - notwendig sind, um vor dem Hintergrund einer gewaltvollen Kolonialgeschichte und ungleicher Machtverhältnisse Solidarität herzustellen. Dabei wird deutlich, inwiefern Aushandlungen und ein produktiver Umgang mit Konflikten eine zentrale Bedeutung für das Entstehen von solidarischen Beziehungen haben.
Die Materialität der Märkte
Authors: Hering Linda
Published: April 2022

Wie funktioniert der Handel für Obst und Gemüse und welche Rolle spielt dabei die Materialität? Linda Hering beschreibt die Entwicklung und spezifische Formung des Obst- und Gemüsemarktes in Deutschland. Dabei geht sie auf die Rolle von konfligierenden Qualitätskonventionen ein und zeigt, wie materielle Formen Bewertungspraktiken stabilisieren. Die Konzeption von Obst und Gemüse als Biofakte ermöglicht dabei neue Einsichten in die Organisation des Handels. So werden unterschiedliche Erwartungen verschiedener Kontexte in die Waren eingeschrieben, am Ort des Verkaufs jedoch nur selektiv sichtbar gemacht.
»Heute ist wieder ein Tag.« Oder: »If you work it will lead to something.«
Authors: Otremba Hendrik
Published: April 2022

Hendrik Otremba, Texter und Sänger der Band Messer, Autor von mittlerweile zwei Romanen und noch deutlich mehr Gemälden, nimmt in diesem Beitrag eine ausdrücklich poetologische Perspektive auf seine produktionsästhetische Praxis ein. Er reflektiert, wie seine unterschiedlichen künstlerischen Ausdrucksweisen sich gegenseitig ergänzen und beeinflussen.
»Oh, ein Musiker hat ein Buch geschrieben, Hurrah«
Authors: Hartmann Marlene , Mayer Lotta
Published: April 2022

Marlene Hartmann und Lotta Mayer rekonstruieren in diesem Beitrag die inszenierungspraxeologischen Volten, die Thees Uhlmann, Kim Frank und Thorsten Nagelschmidt anlässlich ihrer Neu-Erfindung als Autoren schlagen.
»Ungemütlich. Gnadenlos. Entseelt.«
Authors: Götz Anja
Published: April 2022

Anja Götz greift in diesem Beitrag mit dem Roman »652 Km nach Berlin« (2002) der Schriftstellerin und Musikerin Silvia Szymanski den Diskurs um das Genre der Dorfliteratur auf, das, seit der reichlich konservativen, modernefeindlichen Hochphase Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts eigentlich generisch diskreditiert, in jüngerer Zeit aber narrativ wie ideologisch erneuert wurde.
Die Colonia Dignidad zwischen Erinnern und Vergessen
Authors: Dreckmann-Nielen Meike
Published: April 2022

Die Colonia Dignidad erlangte wegen zahlreicher bis heute unaufgeklärter Menschenrechtsverbrechen internationale Bekanntheit. Dass einstige Mitglieder der deutschen Gruppe das historische Siedlungsgelände in Chile unter dem Namen »Villa Baviera« (deutsch: bayerisches Dorf) schrittweise zu einem touristischen Freizeitort umfunktioniert haben, sorgt angesichts der mangelnden Aufarbeitung für anhaltende Kritik. Meike Dreckmann-Nielen untersucht, wie sich einstige Mitglieder der Gruppe heute an ihre eigene Vergangenheit erinnern. In ihrer Studie ermöglicht sie einen intimen Einblick in komplexe erinnerungskulturelle Dynamiken im Mikrokosmos der ehemaligen Siedlungsgemeinschaft.
A AÇÃO DOS INDUSTRIAIS NA CONSTITUIÇÃO DE 1946 E A CONSTRUÇÃO DO ART. 146 DA CARTA:
Authors: Marques de Souza José Augusto , Freitas Júnior Moacir
Published: April 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho á analisar a existência de continuidade entre as propostas debatidas no I Congresso Brasileiro da Indústria e o debate sobre a pauta econômica na Constituinte de 1946. Tencionamos analisar como as ideias de planejamento econômico, intervenção estatal e o papel do Estado como indutor da superação do subdesenvolvimento foram definidas no I Congresso e de que forma elas respaldaram a redação final do artigo 146 da Carta. Sustentamos que as teses definidas no I Congresso mostravam que os industriais agiram como classe coesa, com capacidade de articulação perante o Executivo Federal, mantendo as suas ideias inalteradas durante a década de 1940.
SOB OS ENQUADRAMENTOS DO COLONIALISMO:
Authors: Aparecido Gomes Garcia Tailon
Published: April 2022

O século XX foi palco de diversas transformações sociais nos vários cantos do planeta. Mudanças profundas e rápidas, que trouxeram à tona debates como transnacionalismo, multiculturalismo, dissolução de fronteiras, o fim de um mundo bipolarizado e imperialista, a queda das colônias e os novos fluxos migratórios, todo esse processo chama atenção para os regimes coloniais e as suas consequências. Apesar de existirem relatos anteriores do contexto colonialista e imperialista, as Relações Internacionais surgem em enquanto disciplina acadêmica, sustentada nos pilares do ocidente, uma herdeira de modernidade, muito próxima da imagem do modelo de homem moderno, o que desencadeou muitas vezes pontos cegos, lacunas em seu escopo de atuação. Deste modo, se pensa na necessidade de superar discursos hegemônicos e problematizar questões que estavam alheias aos olhos das Relações Internacionais, nesse sentido, questionam quais eram as vidas consideradas por esse campo e estudo, como esse processo colonial silenciou sujeitos, que mesmo sendo vivos não eram reconhecidos e considerados como “vida”, pensando na perspectiva de como os enquadramentos são visões e situações descritas por poderes hegemônicos e como esses recortes produzem determinados acontecimentos. Assim, por meio de uma revisão de literatura e de uma pesquisa Estado da Arte, defende-se então o debate pós-colonial no campo das Relações Internacionais como uma possibilidade de superar lacunas epistemológicas e de enfrentamento – como questões de gênero e de raça.
MONITORAMENTO E AVALIAÇÃO DE PROGRAMAS SOCIAIS:
Authors: Barbosa e Silva Leonardo
Published: April 2022

Resenha da obra:

JANNUZZI, Paulo de Martino. Monitoramento e avaliação de programas sociais: uma introdução aos conceitos e técnicas. 1. ed. Campinas: Editora Alínea, 2016.
Algorithm for calculating the optimal value of the field substation voltage
Authors: Starikov Alexander V. , Tabachnikova Tatyana V. , Kazantsev Alexander A. , Kosorlukov Igor A.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to improving the energy efficiency of mechanized mining by selecting the optimal voltage level at the field substation, which provides the required optimization criterion. An unbranched line extending from the field substation, which supplies an arbitrary number of electrical complexes of producing wells, is considered. It is shown that these complexes can contain both submersible centrifugal pumps and rod borehole pumping units driven by asynchronous motors. Mathematical models of electrical complexes of producing wells are nonlinear and are described by high-order differential equations. Therefore, the problem of finding the optimal voltage level of a field substation can only be solved using numerical methods. An algorithm for calculating the optimal voltage value is developed, taking into account the technological features of mechanized oil production. It is a search algorithm that contains three internal cycles: voltage variations at the asynchronous motor farthest from the field substation, sorting out the nodes of the outgoing line, and equalizing the voltage at the nodes when the load of the electrical complexes of the producing wells changes. Well-known analytical expressions are given for calculating the active, reactive and full load of step-up and step-down transformers used in the considered electrical complexes, as well as power losses on these elements and on air and cable lines. A distinctive feature of the presented algorithm is the calculation of the speed of submersible and ground asynchronous motors when the supply voltage changes, taking into account the mechanical characteristics of centrifugal and plunger pumps. An example of calculating the optimal voltage value of a field substation feeding a hypothetical outgoing line with three nodes is given. It is noted that the developed algorithm is a reflection of the method of choosing the optimal voltage of the field substation. Moreover, this algorithm can be adapted to any outgoing line, no matter how complex and branched it is.
The Nagorno-Karabakh war of 2020 and the change of the regional status quo
Authors: Hayrapetyan Lilit
Published: April 2022

The article aims to determine how the change in the status quo in the aftermath of the Karabakh war in 2020 influenced Russia’s position in the region. It strives to answer the question of how this change impacted the geopolitical power balance for Russia. The author used the historical events’ analysis method as well as examined both official information and the opinions of independent experts before attempting to make the most important provisions by comparing, contrasting and analysing these frequently diametrically opposed forecasts and opinions. The author argues that, contrary to some speculations, the situation might have changed not in favour of Russia in the longer run. The Karabakh war of 2020 highlighted the competition between regional powers, including Turkey, in the region and beyond. As a result of the war of 2020, Russia was able to station its peacekeepers in Nagorno-Karabakh but also had to count with Turkey’s substantial influence over the region, which has a tendency to expand to Central Asia and Northern Caucasus. To withstand the regional competition Moscow has charted a policy to foster economic cooperation projects between warring states, to enhance internal cohesion in this post-USSR territory under its guidance. This will allow Russia to transform the South Caucasus into a more or less stable region that will be its buffer belt, with guaranteed non-hostile regimes.
Poziom rozwoju gospodarczego województw w ujęciu dynamicznym
Authors: Bożek Jadwiga , Szewczyk Janina , Jaworska Monika
Published: April 2022

Celem pracy jest przedstawienie zmian poziomu rozwoju gospodarczego województw w okresie 2010–2019. Utrzymujące się od lat dysproporcje przestrzenne w zakresie rozwoju jednostek terytorialnych uzasadniają potrzebę takich badań, zwłaszcza w kontekście polityki wyrównywania regionalnych różnic rozwojowych. Badania prze- prowadzono na podstawie danych GUS. Zastosowano metodę porządkowania liniowego obiektów wielowymiarowych w ujęciu dynamicznym. Na podstawie dynamicznego miernika syntetycznego, który obejmował 13 wybranych cech diagnostycznych, sporządzono rankingi województw oraz obliczono skalę zmian w poziomie rozwoju województw.

Badania potwierdzają dysproporcje w rozwoju gospodarczym województw. W 2019 r. najlepsza sytuacja pod względem przyjętego zestawu cech diagnostycznych panowała w województwach: mazowieckim, śląskim, dolnośląskim, pomorskim i wielkopolskim, a najniższe wskaźniki odnotowano w województwach: lubelskim, podlaskim, warmińsko--mazurskim i świętokrzyskim. We wszystkich województwach poziom rozwoju gospodarczego wzrósł w badanym okresie, ale skala zmian była nierównomierna. Największy wzrost wskaźnika poziomu rozwoju nastąpił w województwach o najwyższym poziomie rozwoju, w wyniku czego wzrosły dysproporcje między województwami pod względem badanego zjawiska.
Modifying the spillway of Adhaim Dam, reducing flood impact, and saving water
Authors:   Ministry of Water Resources, Hussain Hatem H. , Obaidy Ahmed I. Al ,   Ministry of Water Resources, Hommadi Ali H. ,   Ministry of Water Resources, Hudaib Hayder T. Al ,   Ministry of Water Resources, Masoodi Alaa T. Al ,   Ministry of Water Resources, Saeed Fouad H. ,   Ministry of Water Resources, Saeedi Nezar N. Al ,   Ministry of Water Resources
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to identify the hydrologic characteristics and investigate the effect of hydrological flow changes for the Adhaim tributary by updating the information of watershed hydrology and examined the possibility of changing the spillway dam from being ungated to a controlled gated spillway to reduce the impact of water releases on the Tigris River and Baghdad City during the flood season. In addition, an attempt is made to store as much water as possible to benefit the summer growing season by supplying water to irrigation projects downstream of Adhaim Dam. The results indicated that if the gates were installed at the level of 135 m above sea level, flood waves with a probability of 1/100 can be controlled and safely flow to the Tigris River at ~200 m3/s. The gates would also increase the capacity of the Adhaim reservoir. Different options for controlling the gated spillway are suggested, and the designers can choose one of them.
Multi-level energy efficient cooperative scheme for ring based clustering in wireless sensor network
Authors: Sumesh Jaya Mohanan Jayasree , Chella Perumal Maheswaran
Published: April 2022

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is composed of different sensors attached to the same wireless medium. Sensor node data is usually forwarded to the base station, where it has been stored, evaluated, and processed. Ring Routing, a new energy-efficient distributed routing protocol aimed at larger-scale WSN applications with mobile sink and motionless sensor nodes. The structure ring is quickly converted, and they are capable of switching positions with regular nodes in a simple and effective manner, thereby minimizing the hotspot problem. In the network system, the central node is considered, and ring nodes with a certain distance are established while creating a ring structure. Since the sink nodes are powered by batteries, they deplete their batteries quicker than the other nodes, which is attributable to the accumulation of data traffic into the sink. Furthermore, when the ring configuration is disrupted due to ring node expiration, data transfer becomes tedious and causes significant delay. As a ring node starts to exhaust, its neighbor takes over as the ring node, and this selection of the regular node as the ring node is done optimally based on Multiple-Fitness Parameters such as Four-level energy consumption (4En), Distance (distance between the ring node and the regular node Dist

ring − reg
and distance between network centers to regular node

Δ
D
i
s

t

C
−
r
i
n
g

${\Delta}Dis{t}_{C-ring}$

) and delay S. Moreover, this optimal selection of the regular node to act as ring node will be carried out by a new hybrid algorithm referred to as Cuckoo Search Updated Sealion’s Attacking Technique (CSUSAT) that combines the standard crow search and sea lion optimization algorithm. At last, the supremacy of the presented approach is proved over other models.
Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoflakes synthesized using biogenic silica from Salacca zalacca leaf ash and the mechanistic insight into adsorption and photocatalytic wet peroxidation of dye
Authors: Purwiandono Gani , Fatimah Is , Sahroni Imam , Citradewi Putwi Widya , Kamari Azlan , Sagadevan Suresh , Oh Won-Chun , Doong Ruey-an
Published: April 2022

Water pollution has become one of the most serious environmental issues recently, especially in relation to chemical-containing wastewater. Uncontrolled industrial waste, including large amounts of dye-containing wastewater from textile industries, needs intensive attention. In this work, the synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanocomposite biogenic silica from Salacca zalacca leaf ash was conducted for the photo-Fenton-like degradation of dye waste. The use of Salacca zalacca leaf ash and the nanoflake form is the novelty of this work. The physicochemical characterization of the material was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-DRS) analyses, and photocatalytic activity of material was investigated in wet peroxidation of rhodamine B and batik wastewater. The results showed homogeneously dispersed Fe3O4 in SiO2 support with a nanoflake form, and a crystallite size of 44.9 nm was obtained. XRD investigation revealed the single phase of Fe3O4, which is consistent with the TEM analysis. The bandgap energy of 2.21 eV was reported from UV-DRS measurements, which influenced the increasing photocatalytic activity and reusability of the nanocomposite compared to pure Fe3O4. The photocatalyst showed the maximum degradation efficiency (DE) of 99.9% after 60 min, and the reusability feature was expressed, as there was an insignificant change in the DE over the fifth cycle of use. The material exhibited photocatalytic oxidation of batik wastewater as the removal of total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, and color reached 95.55%, 89.59%, and 90.00%, respectively.
Calibration and Validation of Micromagnetic Data for Non-Destructive Analysis of Near-Surface Properties after Hard Turning
Authors: Wegener T. , Liehr A. , Bolender A. , Degener S. , Wittich F. , Kroll A. , Niendorf T.
Published: April 2022

Micromagnetic non-destructive (NDT) methods offer a great potential for the analysis of near-surface properties after machining due to potential time and cost reduction as well as the option to be implemented into the machining process. As a result, the development of soft sensor concepts including micromagnetic NDT methods is in focus of current investigations in order to eventually improve the surface integrity of machined components and, thus, service life and reliability. However, a preceding calibration based on empirical data as well as a reliable validation is often referred to as one of the main challenges of micromagnetic NDT methods. The present study provides insights into the calibration and validation of a micromagnetic 3MA-II system for NDT analysis of the near-surface properties, with a focus on the residual stress depth profiles after hard turning of 51CrV4 specimens. Different calibration functions as well as a combination of different NDT methods are taken into consideration. The results and the potential of the 3MA system as well as open challenges are critically discussed.
Additive Manufacturing of Tool Steels*
Authors: Escher C. , Mutke C.
Published: April 2022

Additive manufacturing of tool steels represents a great challenge, yet it offers new possibilities for the tool manufacture of, for example, complex forming tools with conformal cooling. First, this contribution gives an overview of the most relevant additive manufacturing processes, the materials and processing concepts. By means of a hybrid manufactured press hardening tool for high-strength sheet metal parts, an example of practical implementation is presented subsequently.
On the Chemical Composition of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Ultra-Clean Gear Steels
Authors: Fuchs D. , Kohlschmid D. , Tobie T. , Stahl K.
Published: April 2022

Fisheye failures due to non-metallic inclusions can lead to the reduced endurance fatigue limit of case-hardened, shot-peened gears. Various approaches for preventing crack initiation at non-metallic inclusions are conceivable. As one approach, steel manufacturers have invested much effort in the steelmaking process to produce ultra-clean gear steels. Such ultra-clean gear steels were investigated in a gear research project. For each steel batch, different measures were taken during steel production to avoid or bind off non-metallic inclusions in order to reduce or even suppress the harmful effect of the non-metallic inclusions. However, the influence of the measures taken on the chemical composition of non-metallic inclusions in such ultra-clean gear steels is not investigated in the gear industry in detail so far. Therefore, in the framework of this publication, the chemical composition of non-metallic inclusions in ultra-clean gear steels is investigated. Furthermore, a comparison of the chemical analysis with the crack-initiating inclusions from the experimental investigations is performed.
Crystal structure of 1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,7-diol from Arundina graminifolia, C22H20O4
Authors: Liu Mei-Feng , Zhang Xing-Yu , Du Yi-Mei , Chen Yan
Published: April 2022

C22H20O4, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 11.355(5) Å, b = 15.084(7) Å, c = 20.078(9) Å, V = 3439(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0382, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0994, T = 296(2) K.
The crystal structure of (E)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-ferrocenylprop-2-en-1-one, C19H15ClFeO
Authors: Zhang Lilei , Xie Mengru
Published: April 2022

C19H15ClFeO, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 10.2693(5) Å, b = 11.2568(6) Å, c = 20.8930(10) Å, α = 80.350(2)°, β = 76.9640(10)°, γ = 86.921(2)°, V = 2319.4(2) Å3, Z = 6, R

gt
(F) = 0.0534, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0968, T = 170 K.
A Hierarchical Visualization Fusion Method for Multi-information of Unconventional Mutation Medical Big Data
Authors: Tang Yana , Zhang Shilong
Published: April 2022

In the process of information fusion for medical data, there are some problems, such as low precision of data cleaning and more omission of duplicate data, which lead to the unsatisfactory effect of information fusion. This paper proposes a data collection strategy of a distributed network based on linear regression analysis, constructs a perceptual unconventional mutation data model by applying linear regression analysis method, and maintains the characteristics of perceptual data to realize data collection. The ID tags taken as data Transducer Identification of Strain gage are compared. Assuming that the TIDs of two data points are the same, that is, duplicate data are detected, the detected data set flows according to the method flow. To enhance the accuracy of data cleaning and avoid omission, the hierarchical visualization fusion method of radar maps is used to achieve multi-information fusion. It was found that the proposed method can clean the redundant data accurately and realize its efficient fusion.
Signals from Single-Opponent Cortical Cells in the Human cVEP
Authors: Nunez Valerie , Gordon James , Shapley Robert
Published: April 2022

We used the chromatic visual evoked potential (cVEP) to study responses in human visual cortex evoked by equiluminant color stimuli for 6 male and 11 female observers. Large-area, colored squares were used to stimulate Single-Opponent cells preferentially, and fine color-checkerboard stimuli were used to activate Double-Opponent responses preferentially. Stimuli were modulated along the following two directions in color space: (1) the cardinal direction, L-M or M-L of DKL (Derrington, Krauskopf, and Lennie) space; and (2) the line from the white point to the color of the Red LED in the display screen, which was approximately intermediate between the L-M and -S directions in DKL space in cone-contrast coordinates. The amplitudes of cVEPs to large squares were smaller than those to checkerboards, and the latency of the cVEP response to squares was significantly less than the checkerboard latency. The latency of cVEP responses to the squares varied little with cone-contrast unlike the steep reduction of latency with cone-contrast observed in responses to color checkerboard patterns. The dynamic differences between cVEPs to squares and checkerboards support the hypothesis that a distinct neuronal mechanism responded to squares: Single-Opponent cells. Response amplitude, latency, and transientness—and their dependence on cone-contrast—were similar in the responses in the L-M and Red color directions. The similarity supports the hypothesis that the Single-Opponent signals in the cVEP come from a distinct population of cells that receives subtractive inputs from L and M cones, either L-M or M-L.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis article is about characterizing the visual behavior of a distinct population of neurons in the human visual cortex, the Single-Opponent color cells. Based on single-cell results in the visual cortex of macaque monkeys, we used large uniformly colored stimuli to isolate the responses of Single-Opponent cells in the chromatic visual evoked potential (cVEP) recorded on the scalp of human observers. VEP signals recorded under conditions believed to reveal Single-Opponent responses are small and transient. Their time course is relatively unaffected by cone-contrast, and they are relatively insensitive to stimulus modulation of short wavelength-sensitive S cones. Because Single-Opponent cells convey signals that can be used to judge the color of scene illumination, knowing their visual properties is important for understanding color vision.
Rapid determination of trace amount of chromium (VI) in water using carbon quantum dots as a fluorescence probe
Authors:   College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China, Lu Z. F. , Li J. Y. ,   College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China, Shen L. P. ,   College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China, Wang H. M. ,   College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
Published: April 2022

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were prepared using one step hydrothermal method using ammonium citrate and lactose as nitrogen and carbon sources. The prepared CQDs were characterized using XRD, TEM, XPS, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence quantum yield of the CQDs is 17.6 %. The CQD fluorescence sensor based on the quenching effect by Cr (VI) was successfully developed for quantitative determination of Cr (VI). Moreover, CQDs exhibited a sensitive and selective response to Cr6+ compared to other common ions in water (Cu2+ , Ca2+, Zn2+, Fe2+ and Mg2+). The prepared CQD fluorescence probe demonstrates good linear detection performance in the concentration range of 0.10 ~ 0.60 mg/L for Cr (VI) ion. It is thus potentially feasible to detect industrial wastewater with discharge standard of less than 0.50 mg/L.
Preparation and performance study of Ti-10Mo-28Nb-3Zr-yTa alloys for biomedical application
Authors:   School of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, China, Xu Y. , Xia P. Z. ,   School of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, China, Cai Y. Q. ,   School of Material Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, China, Wei Z. Y ,   School of Material Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, China, Zhao S. T. ,   School of Material Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei, China
Published: April 2022

Ti-10Mo-28Nb-3Zr-yTa series biomedical β-Ti alloys were theoretically designed using non-biologically toxic Ta as the additive element of Ti-10Mo-28Nb-3Zr alloy by d-electronic theoretical alloy design method, expecting to obtain a lower elastic modulus and higher strength alloy that matches human bones. The microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, osteogenic experiment and cytotoxicity of the alloys were tested and analyzed. The results show that the addition of an appropriate amount of Ta will help stabilize the β phase of the Ti-10Mo-28Nb-3Zr alloy, and at the same time can effectively reduce the alloy's elastic modulus. The mechanical properties test shows that Ti-10Mo-28Nb-3Zr-6Ta alloy has the minimum elastic modulus of 27.59 GPa, and the compressive strength is 635 MPa, which meets the requirements of human bone mechanical properties and can meet the mechanical fit of human bone. The corrosion resistance result shows that Ti-10Mo-28Nb-3Zr-6Ta alloy has good corrosion resistance, its self-corrosion current density is 2.726×10-6 A•cm-2 , self-corrosion voltage is -188.912 mV, and polarization resistance is 1.639×105 Ω•cm -2 . The osteogenesis experiment shows that Ti-10Mo-28Nb-3Zr-4Ta alloy has the best bone-promoting effect. Cytotoxicity evaluation experiment shows that the RGR of Ti-10Mo-28Nb-3Zr-yTa alloys were greater than 70% of the negative control group, indicates that the biological properties of the alloy are very reliable.
Influence of Cu substitution on structural, morphological and optical properties of Cr/ZnO nanopowders
Authors:   Department of Nanoscience and Technology, K S Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode – 637 215, Tamil Nadu, India, Santhosh M. , Satheeskumar S. ,   Department of Nanoscience and Technology, K S Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode – 637 215, Tamil Nadu, India, Shanthi C. ,   Department of Physics, Sona College of Technology, Salem – 636 005, Tamilnadu, India, Bhuvaneswari B. V. ,   Department of Physics, Alagappa Chettiar Government College of Engineering and Technology, Karaikudi – 630 003, Tamilnadu, India.
Published: April 2022

Chromium doped Zinc oxide (Zn0.96Cr0.04O), Chromium and Copper co-doped ZnO nanoparticles (Zn0.96Cr0.04Cu0.02O & Zn0.96Cr0.04Cu0.04O) successfully synthesized by chemical precipitation method at 5000C. The crystalline structure, surface morphology and optical properties of the prepared Cr/ZnO and Cr/Cu/ZnO nanoparticles were examined as a function of doping substance and the prepared samples were characterized using XRD, SEM, EDS and UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis. The synthesized nanoparticles show hexagonal wurtzite structure, and the phase segregation takes place for Cu doping. Optical studies revealed that Cr doping increases the energy band gap while Cu incorporation results in decrease of the band gap.
Electrical characterization of AlGaN/GaN/Si high electron mobility transistors
Authors:   University of Sousse, Department of Transport Technology and Engineering, Higher Institute of Transport and Logistics, , Tunisia, Mosbahi H. , Gassoumi M ,   University of Monastir, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Monastir 5019, Tunisia, Guesmi A. ,   Chemistry Department, College of Science, IMSIU (Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University), P.O. Box 5701, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia, Ben Hamadi N. ,   Chemistry Department, College of Science, IMSIU (Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University), P.O. Box 5701, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia, Zaidi M.A. ,   University of Monastir, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Tunisia
Published: April 2022

AlGaN/GaN/Si HEMTs have been investigated using current-voltage-temperature and CDLTS measurements.As has been found from current voltage measurements, parasitic effects were revealed indicating the presence of traps in HEMT device. As a result, the origins of traps are determined from CDLTS experiments.
Facile synthesis and complete characterization of Zn1-xSrxAl2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) spinel nanoparticles using combustion technique
Authors:   Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia, Jothiramalingam R , Mathankumar K. ,   Department of Science and Humanities, St. Michael College of Engineering and Technology, Kalaiyarkoil 630551, Tamilnadu, India, Sundararajan M. ,   PG  Research Department of Physics, Paavendhar College of Arts & Science, M.V. South, Attur, Salem 636 121,Tamilnadu, India, Sukumar M. ,   Department of Physics, Anand Institute of Higher Technology, Kazhipattur, Chennai, 603103, India, Dhanraj J. A. ,   Department of Physics, Anand Institute of Higher Technology, Kazhipattur, Chennai, 603103, India, Divya R. ,   Department of Physics, Science and Humanities. SMK Forma Institute of Technology, Kelambakkam 603 103, India, Al-Lohedan H. A. ,   Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia, Chandrasekaran M. ,   Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjingu, Seoul -05006, South Korea, Al-Dhayan D. M. ,   Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Published: April 2022

Zn1-xSrxAl2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) nanoparticles are successfully produced by combustion method. Powder XRD studies confirms the substitution of Sr2+ in ZnAl2O4 spinel nanostructure and average crystallite size lies between 32 to 39 nm. FTIR spectra revealed bands at 710 and 563 cm-1 corresponds to the intrinsic stretching vibrations of Mtetra–O atom which takes place at tetrahedral lattice sites and octahedral metal stretching Moctra–O appears as peak positioned at 498 cm-1 . HR-SEM images confirms spherical nanoparticles with agglomerated nature for strontium doped zinc aluminate nanoparticles. The presence of oxygen, aluminium, zinc and magnesium elements were confirmed from EDX spectra. The band gap of ZnAl2O4 was found to be 5.16 eV and the bandgap increases gradually with the increase in Sr2+ doping concentration. The magnetization plots were determined the super paramagnetic behaviour at room temperature.
Structural, morphological, optical and electrochemical characterization of Ag2O/ZnO and ZnO/Ag2O nanocomposites
Authors:   Department of Food Sciences & Nutrition, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia, Al-Qahtani W. H. , Murugadoss G. ,   Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India, Narthana K. ,   Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India, Kumar M. R. ,   Institute of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia, Rajabathar J. R. ,   Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Kathalingam A. ,   Millimeter-wave Innovation Technology Research Center, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, South Korea
Published: April 2022

In this paper, well-crystalline Ag2O/ZnO and ZnO/Ag2O nanocomposites were prepared by a facile chemical method. Structural, morphological and optical properties of the nanocomposite were studied using various advanced characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Visible (UVVis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The Ag2O and ZnO were clearly identified in the composite from SEM and TEM. Significant shifting observed in the both UV-Vis and PL spectroscopy. In addition, electrocatalytic activity of the Ag2O/ZnO and ZnO/Ag2O nanocomposites studied by an electrochemical workstation. The ZnO/Ag2O nanocomposites showed better optical and electrochemical properties due to decorating the low-band gap Ag2O on the surface of hexagonal structure ZnO nanoparticles.
Synthesis and characterization of G-C3N4 @ ZnO photo catalyst on removal of toxic pollutants
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Sona College of Technology, Salem.636005, Tamilnadu, India, Kalaiarasan S. , Shanthi C. ,   Department of Physics, Sona College of Technology, Salem.636005, Tamilnadu, India
Published: April 2022

g-C3N4@ZnO, pristine ZnO, g-C3N4 nanocomposites were synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal approach using urea, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, and hexamethylenetetramine as constituents. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy were used to characterize the g-C3N4@ZnO nanocomposites. The photocatalytic efficiency of g-C3N4@ZnO, pristine ZnO, g-C3N4 nanocomposites was tested using a nitrophenol decomposition test under solar light illumination. The photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4@ZnO nanocomposites was higher than that of pure ZnO and elevated with the g-C3N4 material. Whenever the g-C3N4 content was the photocatalytic activity reached its peak efficiency of 97.8 percent. Moreover, the ZnO/gC3N4 photocatalyst could be reused several times without appreciable loss of activity, showing great potential to be an excellent candidate for environmental remediation.
Nutrient Uptake, Chlorophyll Content, and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under the Application of PGPR Consortium
Authors: Purwanto Purwanto , Suharti Woro Sri
Published: April 2022

Indigenous paddy soil rhizobacteria are one alternative to restore biological fertility and soil health. Plant Growth Promotion Rhizobacteria (PGPR) that act as biofertilizer will help to increase the availability of nutrients and promote the plant growth. The objective of this research was to study the effect of the PGPR consortium indigenous paddy soil to nutrient uptake, chlorophyll content, and yield of rice. This research was arranged by Randomized Block Design with the treatment was the combination of plant Growth Promotion Rhizobateria isolates originated from paddy soil. The treatments consisted of control, Rhizobium sp. LM-5, R08 isolate, R011 isolate, Rhizobium sp. LM-5 + R08 isolate, Rhizobium sp. LM-5 + R011 isolate, R08 + R011 isolates, Rhizobium sp. LM-5 + R08 + R011 isolates. The result showed that the application of the PGPR consortium was able to increase the root growth of rice plants thereby increasing nutrient uptake, leaf chlorophyll content, and plant biomass. Application of single strain R11 isolate and the consortium of Rhizobium sp. LM-5 + R11 isolate were capable of giving the highest grain yield of 64.99 and 62.80 g plant-1 respectively. These finding were PGPR consortium between IAA-producing bacteria combined with Rhizobium sp. LM-5 as N2 fixing bacteria in increasing nutrient uptake, chlorophyll contents and crop yields, it can be recommended that PGPR consortium as a biofertilizer formula in rice cultivation
Mesenchymal Stem Cell as a Successful Therapy for COVID-19 Patient: Systematic Review
Authors: Nandina Rahmah Qisti , Eriani Kartini , Asrizal Cynthia Wahyu , Azhar Al
Published: April 2022

COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic and continues to spread, leading to health and economic problems and economic burdens worldwide. COVID-19 symptoms are similar to the flu and, in severely infected patients, emerge as an acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), pulmonary fibrosis, edema, and even organ failure. These are due to an imbalanced immune response with a more severe effect than the virus attack. However, no specific medications and treatments are available in dealing with the COVID-19. Hence, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment is proposed as one therapeutic approach. The MSCs can produce growth factors and immune protective cytokines that could fight viral infection and are proven to help endothelial cell repair. These capabilities are expected to help resist viruses and tissue repair in a patient body. MSC is believed to prevent acute respiratory infections, the most dangerous stage of COVID-19 pathogenesis. In this study, we collect some literature, reviewing and summarizing them so that we believe that MSC could be an approach to cure COVID-19 patients and improve their responses to the virus. This article reviews the use of mesenchymal stem cells as a potential therapy for COVID-19, and this information can also be used as basic information for developing a stem-cell-based therapy, especially for treating COVID-19.
Diversity of Tidal Swamp Rice (Oryza sativa) Cultivars Indigenously from South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Mursyidin Dindin Hidayatul , Haq Muhammad Zia Zul , Badruzsaufari Badruzsaufari
Published: April 2022

Studies on genetic diversity and relationships are necessary for breeders and scientists to increase the effectiveness of future breeding programs. The tidal swamp rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the potential germplasms which has a prominent opportunity to be incorporated in the rice breeding program. This study aimed to investigate and reveal the genetic diversity and relationship of tidal swamp rice germplasms indigenously from South Kalimantan, Indonesia, using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of ten rice samples, consisting of nine from this region and one from South Sumatera (an outgroup), and five selected RAPD markers, i.e., OPB-06, OPAJ-01, OPAB-17, OPAL-09, and OPAL-08, were used in this study. DNA amplifications were performed and programmed for one cycle of initial denaturation (5 min, 94ºC), 45 cycles of denaturation (30 sec, 94ºC), annealing (30 sec, 37ºC), and extension (1.5 min, 72ºC), as well as one cycle of final extension (7 min, 72ºC). The genetic similarity was analyzed using Dice’s coefficient method, whereas their relationship (dendrogram) by the UPGMA. The results showed that these germplasms have a moderate genetic diversity level, indicated by the polymorphism degree of 75.64%. The clustering analysis revealed that they are grouped into three main groups at a similarity coefficient of 0.70. In this case, Siam Unus is distantly related to the other cultivars and forms a solitaire group. Siam Unus also shows the farthest relationship with Sardani, an outgroup. It is a new finding for the genetic insight of tidal swamp rice of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, including their diversity and relationship. Thus, the results obtained from this study is useful in supporting future rice conservation and breeding programs.
Intestinal Protective Efficacy of Gamma Co-60 Irradiated Chitosan and Vitamin E Combination on Lead acetate-induced Rats
Authors: Marianti Aditya , Krey Edward Louis , Christijanti Wulan , Lisdiana Lisdiana
Published: April 2022

As an organ that absorbs food, the intestine can be damaged when interacting directly with lead (Pb). Gamma Co-60 irradiated chitosan, and vitamin E combination potentially can help reduce free radical damage to intestinal organs. This study examines the efficacy of gamma Co-60 irradiated chitosan and vitamin E combination in protecting the intestinal tissue of rats exposed to Pb acetate. The 24 rats were grouped into 6 groups, each 4 rats; were induced with Pb acetate, except the control group. The negative control group was only induced Pb acetate. The positive control group had additional treatment of irradiated chitosan. The treatment group (1-3) was treated using the combination of gamma Co-60 irradiated chitosan at a dose of 64 mg/kg BW and vitamin E 1000 IU at a dose of 1.44; 2.16, 3.00 mg/kg BW, respectively, for forty days. The research parameters observed are edema, degeneration, necrosis, erosion of the intestinal villi, and lysis of the intestinal villi. Intestinal histology appearance data in all groups were analyzed descriptively. The result shows that a combination of Gamma Co-60 irradiated chitosan at a dose of 64 mg/kg BW and vitamin E at a dose of 1.44 mg/kg BW effectively reduced lead cytotoxicity in the intestinal tissue of Pb acetate-induced rats. The larger the dose of vitamin E has the potential to produce pro-oxidants, which will increase the toxic effect on intestinal tissue. Gamma Co-60 irradiated chitosan, and vitamin E combination at the right dose has the potential to be developed as a supplement to reduce the toxic effects of chronic lead exposure. Especially for people who, for some reason, cannot avoid chronic lead exposure.