bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vectorial On‐Surface Synthesis of Polar 2D Polymer Crystals
Authors: Kojima Takahiro , Patel Karan , Nobusue Shunpei , Mahmoud Ahmed , Xie Cong , Nakae Takahiro , Kawai Shigeki , Fukami Kazuhiro , Sakaguchi Hiroshi
Published: June 2023

The asymmetric introduction of functional groups into polymers is promising due to its potential to provide novel electronic and magnetic properties. Though traditional on‐surface bottom‐up synthesis has succeeded in creating various types of polymers, it struggles at realizing asymmetry due to the difficulty of stereoregular polymerization and the tendency for overall polarity cancellation during agglomeration. Here, enabled by the low halogen‐contaminated metal surfaces provided by two‐zone chemical vapor deposition, “compass” precursors possessing three independent bonding, edge, and dipole vectors undergo isotactic polymerization via the vectorial self‐assembly of chiral precursor diradicals without the need for chiral catalysts required in conventional in‐solution polymerization. The isotactic polymers exhibit polar 2D crystalline structures due to the hetero‐edge CH–π interaction between the standing phenyl and butoxy group surpassing the homo‐edge interactions of π–π and CHCH. The developed vectorial on‐surface synthetic technique not only paves the way to the realization of stereoregular control but also unlocks unprecedented crystal engineering.
H‐Bonded Supramolecular Crystals‐Coated Solid‐Phase Microextraction enables the Matrix Interference‐Free Detection of the COVID‐19 Antiviral Drugs
Authors: Wang Shaohan , Shi Yueru , Yu Jiaxing , Peng Xiaoru , Tong Linjing , Li Nan , Ouyang Gangfeng , Zhu Fang
Published: June 2023

Since the outbreak of COVID‐19, many antiviral drugs have been used to treat infected patients. Excessive drug concentrations may not only damage patients' organs, but also lead to increased mortality. The lack of data makes it difficult for them to be treated with these drugs under proper and safe dosage. However, due to the complexity of fluid matrixand structures of the antiviral drugs, it is still difficult to detect the drugs in biofluids. Herein, solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) is applied for the detection of biological matrix, which has the advantages of simplicity, efficiency and environmental protection. With abundant hydrogen bond sites and appropriate molecular volume, biocompatible graded‐pore HOF10x series materials are selected as the fiber coating for exploration. Consequently, HOF101 could achieve high enrichment effect of drugs due to the commensurate mesopores and hydrogen bond non‐covalent interaction. Moreover, the excellent extraction capacity of the HOF101 fiber is verified to be consistent in various interfering conditions. The obtained limits of detections (LODs) are 0.24–0.66 ng L−1, and the recoveries of the biofluids in three concentration levels ranged from 80.30% to 120.1%. It shows the low LODs and satisfactory recoveries of this analytical method, which is expected to be applied in medical systems for drug monitoring.
Correlating the Nonlinear Roughening and Optical Properties of Anatase Thin Films—A Fractal Geometric Approach
Authors: Das Abhijeet , Jaiswal Jyoti , Borah Chandra Kamal , Ruti Itum , Matos Robert S. , Pinto Erveton P. , Yadav R. P. , Ţălu Ştefan , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: June 2023

The anatase phase of TiO2 is highly suitable for photocatalytic application consequently, prerequisite an unpretentious scale‐independent understanding of its roughening‐facilitated surface topography dynamics. Herein, the nonlinear roughening in anatase thin films and its correlation with the nonlinear trend of optical properties in the framework of fractal geometry are investigated. The self‐affine nature of analyzed surfaces is confirmed from the autocorrelation function. The dynamic scaling exponents indicate the existence of Kardar–Parisi–Zhang scaling in surface growth. In addition, the trend of generalized Hurst exponent and mass exponent indicates insignificant multifractal characteristics in the analyzed surfaces. Moreover, fractal analysis explains and aids to description of roughening trend from stereometric and Minkowski functionals analysis. Furthermore, the significance of fractal dimension for probing the surface roughening is validated from the principal component analysis. Consequently, variation in optical bandgap and linear refractive index are investigated in regards to the fractal dimension and root mean‐squared surface slope and regression equations are proposed for tuning of bandgap.
N4‐Acetylcytidine Drives Glycolysis Addiction in Gastric Cancer via NAT10/SEPT9/HIF‐1α Positive Feedback Loop
Authors: Yang Qingbin , Lei Xuetao , He Jiayong , Peng Yanmei , Zhang Yihao , Ling Ruoyu , Wu Chaorui , Zhang Guofan , Zheng Boyang , Chen Xinhua , Zou Boya , Fu Ziyi , Zhao Liying , Liu Hao , Hu Yanfeng , Yu Jiang , Li Fengping , Ye Gengtai , Li Guoxin
Published: June 2023

Anti‐angiogenic therapy has long been considered a promising strategy for solid cancers. Intrinsic resistance to hypoxia is a major cause for the failure of anti‐angiogenic therapy, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, it is revealed that N4‐acetylcytidine (ac4C), a newly identified mRNA modification, enhances hypoxia tolerance in gastric cancer (GC) cells by promoting glycolysis addiction. Specifically, acetyltransferase NAT10 transcription is regulated by HIF‐1α, a key transcription factor of the cellular response to hypoxia. Further, acRIP‐sequencing, Ribosome profiling sequencing, RNA‐sequencing, and functional studies confirm that NAT10 in turn activates the HIF‐1 pathway and subsequent glucose metabolism reprogramming by mediating SEPT9 mRNA ac4C modification. The formation of the NAT10/SEPT9/HIF‐1α positive feedback loop leads to excessive activation of the HIF‐1 pathway and induces glycolysis addiction. Combined anti‐angiogenesis and ac4C inhibition attenuate hypoxia tolerance and inhibit tumor progression in vivo. This study highlights the critical roles of ac4C in the regulation of glycolysis addiction and proposes a promising strategy to overcome resistance to anti‐angiogenic therapy by combining apatinib with ac4C inhibition.
Transient Photocurrent Response in a Perovskite Single Crystal‐Based Photodetector: A Case Study on the Role of Electrode Spacing and Bias
Authors: Mahapatra Apurba , Anilkumar Vishnu , Nawrocki Jan , Pandey Siddhi Vinayak , Chavan Rohit D. , Yadav Pankaj , Prochowicz Daniel
Published: June 2023

Transient photocurrent is a widely applied characterization technique to probe the charge‐carrier photogeneration and extraction dynamics in perovskite optoelectronic devices. Despite the large number of studies on the properties of perovskite single‐crystals (SCs) photodetectors (PDs), the underlying mechanism that governs the spectral line shape of transient photocurrent is not fully understood. Here, methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3)SC based PDs are used to study the effect of different electrode spacing and bias on the transient photocurrent response under blue and green light irradiation. The observed differences in the spectral line shape of the transient photocurrent are explained using three‐step carrier transport model, which reveals the occurrence of carrier trapping and a recombination process in MAPbBr3 SC. The findings are further corroborated by intensity‐dependent photocurrent and impedance spectroscopy analysis of the resulting PDs. This work provides a basic insight into the origin of the different behavior of transient photocurrent response under variable electrode distance, bias, and irradiance light, which is expected to help to further understand and optimize the performance of perovskite based PDs.
In Situ Spectroscopic Probing of Oxygen Crossover Effects on Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Aprotic Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Zhao Zhiwei , Pang Long , Wu Yuyue , Chen Yazhou , Peng Zhangquan
Published: June 2023

The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on lithium metal anodes (LMA) plays a critical role in affording a long lifespan required for aprotic lithium‐oxygen (Li–O2) batteries. Nevertheless, the crossover of oxygen from the cathode to the anode, an inevitable phenomenon for most of the current Li–O2 batteries, and its effects on the formation and operation of SEI on LMA remain less explored. In this work, a mechanistic study of the SEI formation at a model Cu/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) interface in the presence of oxygen is presented. Direct spectroscopic evidence coupled with theoretical calculation reveals that oxygen can alter the SEI formation pathway and result in distinct SEI properties. Specifically, oxygen can inhibit the fission of the C–S bond of DMSO solvent and therefore reduce the formation of unstable SEI components (e.g., C≡C species) and volatile products (e.g., C2H6 and H2). Thus, the SEI formed under oxygen is more uniform and of less voids, and enables improved electrochemical performance of LMA. This work presents new insights into the oxygen crossover effects on SEI chemistry and is beneficial for designing better LMA/electrolyte interface for future Li–O2 batteries.
Tailoring crystal facet microenvironments for simultaneous electrochemical ozone and hydrogen peroxide production
Authors: Wang Xiaosa , Li Jiayuan , Ding Lei , Shi Huaijie , Liu Jia , Yang Xinying , Li Min , Zhong Xing , Yao Zihao , Wang Jianguo
Published: June 2023

Developing a bifunctional electrocatalyst that can effectively produce O3 and H2O2 is significant for the electrochemical synthesis of O3 and H2O2 for the synergistic oxidative degradation of organic pollutants. In this study, SnO with various exposed facets was synthesized by tailoring the crystal facet microenvironment for oxygen intermediates adsorption for electrochemical ozone production (EOP) and two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR). The Faraday efficiency of SnO‐1 with a high (110) facet ratio for O3 was 22.0%, while SnO‐4 with a high (002) facet ratio achieved a selectivity of 93.6% for H2O2. The theoretical calculation indicates that their excellent performances originated from the strong adsorption of the (110) facet on O* and O2* and the suitable adsorption and desorption strength of the (002) facet on OOH*, respectively. This study provides an attractive strategy for the development of a bifunctional electrocatalyst for advanced electrochemical oxidation by tailoring the crystal facet microenvironment.
Highly efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of sterol by synergistic effect of aminoxyl radicals and SeNi5P4
Authors: He Jiahui , Li Suiqin , Li Chun , Li Kai , Xu Yinjie , Wang Mengxin , Zhao Shuying , Zhang Jiefeng , Zhong Xing , Li Xiaonian , Zhang Zhengbin , Wang Jianguo
Published: June 2023

The exploration of efficient and environmentally friendly oxidation method is highly desirable to overcome the critical problems of poor selectivity and heavy metal contamination for the fine chemicals industry. Herein, a self‐supported three‐dimensional (3D) SeNi5P4 nanosheet electrocatalyst was rationally designed and fabricated. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of aminoxyl radical and mesoporous SeNi5P4/graphite felt (GF), an excellent performance of ≥98% selectivity and 33.12 kg (m−3 h−1) space–time yield was obtained for sterol intermediate oxidation with the enhanced mass transfer effect of the continuous flow system. The doping of anionic selenium and phosphorus modulated the electronic structure of SeNi5P4, and the oxyhydroxides generated by surface reconstruction accelerated the turnover of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidine N‐oxyl (TEMPO), thereby enhancing the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity. A scale‐up experiment was conducted with stacked‐flow electrolyzer demonstrated the application potential. This work provided an efficient synergistic electrocatalytic strategy to facilitate rapid electron and mass transfer for electrochemical alcohol oxidation and highlighted the potential for practical electrosynthesis applications.
Efficient treatment of salty organic wastewater by α‐MnO2‐N/C synergistic catalytic ozonation: Effect and mechanism
Authors: Tu Yuming , Shao Gaoyan , Liu Feng , Li Qunsheng , Zhou Zhiyong , Ren Zhongqi
Published: June 2023

A novel and efficient α‐MnO2‐N/C@active carbon (AC) catalyst was proposed and synthesized through a surface modification method based on imprinting process. Uniformly dispersed α‐MnO2 and N/C sites were constructed simultaneously and the competitive adsorption of metal precursors with nonmetal precursors was avoided. Conformational relationship of α‐MnO2‐N/C@AC revealed that α‐MnO2 and graphite N were the main active sites, cleverly forming synergistic catalytic effect, which results in a good degradation effect for two actual printing and dyeing wastewater. The removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) could reach 78% and 58% within 60 min, respectively, and it maintained stable after 20 repetitions without leaching of metal ions. Mechanistic investigation demonstrated that N/C sites rapidly adsorbed ozone to generate ·O2− and synergistically catalyzed with adjacent α‐MnO2 sites to further produce ·OH, significantly facilitating the generation of ·OH. This work provides a promising strategy to synthesize novel and efficient catalysts for ozone catalytic oxidation process.
Clinical characteristics analysis of sinonasal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Jang Hye‐Bin , Lee Dong Hoon , Song Ga‐Young , Yang Deok‐Hwan , Lim Sang Chul
Published: June 2023

Keypoints

Extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKL) was the most common sinonasal lymphoma at our hospital.

ENKL occurs at a younger age, and is more prevalent in the nasal cavity.

ENKL had a lower Ann Arbor stage, and a better prognosis than diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBLC).
Molecular‐Orbital Delocalization Enhances Charge Transfer in π‐Conjugated Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Guo Shuang , Park Yeonju , Park Eungyeong , Jin Sila , Chen Lei , Jung Young Mee
Published: June 2023

π‐Conjugated organic semiconductors are promising materials for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐active substrates based on the tunability of electronic structures and molecular orbitals. Herein, we investigate the effect of the temperature‐mediated resonance‐structure transitions of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) in poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS) films on the interactions between substrate and probe molecules, thereby affecting the SERS activity. Absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations show that this effect occurs mainly due to delocalization of the electron distribution in molecular orbitals, effectively promoting the charge transfer between the semiconductor and probe molecules. In this work, we investigate for the first time the effect of electron delocalization in molecular orbitals on SERS activity, which will provide new design ideas for the development of highly sensitive SERS substrates.
Boosting Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction through Water Structure Manipulation
Authors: Jiao Yan , Zheng Yao
Published: June 2023

In the past, the design of efficient electrocatalyst materials for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was mostly focused on tuning the adsorption properties of reaction intermediates. A recent breakthrough shows that the performance can be improved by manipulating water structure at the electrode‐electrolyte interface using atomically localized electric fields. The new approach was realized by using IrRu dizygotic single‐atom sites and led to a significantly accelerated water dissociation and an overall improved alkaline HER performance. Supported by extensive data from advanced modeling, characterization, and electrochemical measurements, the work delivers an intricate examination of the interaction between water molecules and the catalyst surface, thereby enriching our understanding of water dissociation kinetics and offering new insights to boost overall alkaline HER efficiency.
Biosynthesis of a tri‐metallic nanoalloy for magnetic and biomedical applications
Authors: Lurthu Pushparaj T. , Fantin Irudaya Raj E. , Francy Irudaya Rani E. , Appadurai M.
Published: June 2023

The tri‐metallic magnetic nanoalloy synthesized via the eco‐friendly procedure discussed here contains cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and zirconium (Zr) metals in a 3:1:1 M ratio (Co3O4.NiO.ZrO2 nanoalloy). Two different plant extracts which are rich in biologically active compounds from Spermacoce hispida and Vernonia cinereum were combined to get a multispecies nanoalloy with magnetic properties and medicinal values. The Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, and transmission and scanning electron microscopes analyses confirmed the spherical shape of the bioinspired Co3O4.NiO.ZrO2 nanoalloy. The average size of our nanoalloy was 32 nm, but the individual nanoparticles are between 21 and 73 nm in size. A vibrating sample magnetometer study of the magnetic characteristics of the nanoalloy reveals strong saturation magnetization (12.42 emu/g), low retentivity (Mr), and low coercivity (Hc) (282.36 Oe). The higher saturation magnetization in nanoalloy is attributed to their larger particle size, a high degree of crystalline structure, and slight external spinning deformation. The low coercive field (Hc) value reveals the unique soft nature of our nanoalloy. The disc diffusion study confirms that a 6.3 μg/mL solution of the nanoalloy kills almost 96% of the harmful bacteria like Bacillus subtilis (29 mm), Bacillus cereus (26 mm), and Escherichia coli (21 mm). It shows a moderate effect of 85% killing factor against Staphylococcus albus (17 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13 mm), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (15 mm) bacteria.
Abundance of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and proposal for a priority area of conservation in the Southern Gulf of Mexico marine ecoregion
Authors: Coronel‐Montigel Melisa , Serrano Arturo , Basañez‐Muñoz Agustín , Ceresa Ignacio , Alcántar Ayelén
Published: June 2023

Demographic studies are crucial for assessment of the status of dolphin populations and their relationship with anthropogenic activities as a way to make effective management and conservation decisions. In the Gulf of Mexico, the interaction between bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and anthropogenic activities merits special attention. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the annual abundance and area of preference of the coastal population ofT. truncatus(period 2005–2020), and to delimit a priority area for its conservation in the Southern Gulf of Mexico marine ecoregion.

Abundance was calculated using the Jolly–Seber model and habitat preference was determined per climatic season (dry, rainy and cold northerly fronts) as a function of environmental variables. The association between anthropogenic activities and dolphin distribution was studied and the priority area delimited using potential distribution models.

Off the coasts of Tuxpan and Tamiahua, the results show that the dolphin population numbered 306 individuals (95% CI: 162.97; 607.33) and has remained relatively constant over time.

The pattern of dolphin distribution varied between seasons, possibly owing to changes in food availability. However, river mouths and lagoons are of importance toT. truncatusthroughout the year. On the other hand, fishing and maritime traffic can potentially affect this species.

Finally, this study shows that the delimitation of sites of importance forT. truncatusis a strategic tool with which to help conserve the species and associated coastal ecosystems.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity evaluation of pyrazole derivatives containing the imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazole moiety
Authors: Qi Jun‐Da , Meng Yu‐Qing , Sun Jingxin , Li Wan‐Xin , Zhai Hou‐Xiang , Zhang Changhao , Quan Jishan , Jin Cheng‐Hua
Published: June 2023

Four series of novel pyrazole derivatives (compounds 17a–m, 18a–m, 19a–g, and 20a–g) were synthesized, and their antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated. Most of the target compounds (17a–m, 18k–m, and 19b–g) showed strong antifungal activity and high selectivity relative to both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. Among them, compounds 17l (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 0.25 µg/mL) and 17m (MIC = 0.25 µg/mL) showed the strongest antifungal activity, being 2‐ and 4‐fold more active than the positive controls gatifloxacin and fluconazole, respectively. In particular, compound 17l showed little cytotoxicity against human LO2 cells and did not exhibit hemolysis at ultrahigh concentrations, as did the positive control compounds gatifloxacin and fluconazole. These results indicate that these compounds are valuable for further development as antifungal agents.
The relationship between body donation and attitudes toward death and altruism in Changsha City in China
Authors: He Ying , Liu Qian , Wen Hong , Yuan Liming , Luo Chuhong , Yuan Rong , Xiao ZhiYong , Li Lun
Published: June 2023

In recent years, China has been facing a shortage of cadavers for teaching medical students. A better comprehension of the attitudes and factors influencing the general public's opinion toward body donation would be invaluable for planning and implementing body donation programs. Although altruistic attitude and attitudes toward death have received considerable attention in recent years globally, they have been largely understudied in China. Herein, the potential relationship between attitudes toward altruism and death, and willingness toward whole‐body donation in a sample of university students in Changsha City in China were analyzed. A multi‐stage sampling method was adopted to recruit 478 Chinese college students from two universities: the Medical College of Hunan Normal University (n = 272) and the College of Civil engineering of Hunan University (n = 206). The study participants were assessed by a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Death Attitude Profile‐Revised (DAP‐R‐C) questionnaire, and the altruism scale. Moreover, Chinese University students demonstrated moderate willingness to donate their bodies. The mean score of the willingness of study participants to donate their bodies was 3.138 ± 0.933 (5‐point Likert scale). Acceptance toward death, gender, and type of university were positive factors, whereas fear of death negatively affected willingness toward body donation. Regression analysis showed that factors, including gender (β = 0.237), type of university (β = 0.193), natural acceptance (β = 0.177), and fear of death (β = −0.160) influenced willingness toward body donation. Overall, the present study provides hitherto undocumented evidence on factors influencing willingness toward body donation among Chinese university students, which can assist in designing public awareness programs for encouraging body donation.
What online review features really matter? An explainable deep learning approach for hotel demand forecasting
Authors: Zhang Dong , Wu Chong
Published: June 2023

Accurate demand forecasting plays a critical role in hotel revenue management. Online reviews have emerged as a viable information source for hotel demand forecasting. However, existing hotel demand forecasting studies leverage only sentiment information from online reviews, leading to capturing insufficient information. Furthermore, prevailing hotel demand forecasting methods either lack explainability or fail to capture local correlations within sequences. In this study, we (1) propose a comprehensive framework consisting of four components: expertise, sentiment, popularity, and novelty (ESPN framework), to investigate the impact of online reviews on hotel demand forecasting; (2) propose a novel dual attention‐based long short‐term memory convolutional neural network (DA‐LSTM‐CNN) model to optimize the model effectiveness. We collected online review data from Ctrip.com to evaluate our proposed ESPN framework and DA‐LSTM‐CNN model. The empirical results show that incorporating features derived from the ESPN improves forecasting accuracy and our DA‐LSTM‐CNN significantly outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art models. Further, we use a case study to illustrate the explainability of the DA‐LSTM‐CNN, which could guide future setups for hotel demand forecasting systems. We discuss how stakeholders can benefit from our proposed ESPN framework and DA‐LSTM‐CNN model.
Cochlear tonotopy from proteins to perception
Authors: Fettiplace Robert
Published: June 2023

A ubiquitous feature of the auditory organ in amniotes is the longitudinal mapping of neuronal characteristic frequencies (CFs), which increase exponentially with distance along the organ. The exponential tonotopic map reflects variation in hair cell properties according to cochlear location and is thought to stem from concentration gradients in diffusible morphogenic proteins during embryonic development. While in all amniotes the spatial gradient is initiated by sonic hedgehog (SHH), released from the notochord and floorplate, subsequent molecular pathways are not fully understood. In chickens, BMP7 is one such morphogen, secreted from the distal end of the cochlea. In mammals, the developmental mechanism differs from birds and may depend on cochlear location. A consequence of exponential maps is that each octave occupies an equal distance on the cochlea, a spacing preserved in the tonotopic maps in higher auditory brain regions. This may facilitate frequency analysis and recognition of acoustic sequences.
The sorting platform in the type III secretion pathway: From assembly to function
Authors: Soto Jose Eduardo , Lara‐Tejero María
Published: June 2023

The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a specialized nanomachine that enables bacteria to secrete proteins in a specific order and directly deliver a specific set of them, collectively known as effectors, into eukaryotic organisms. The core structure of the T3SS is a syringe‐like apparatus composed of multiple building blocks, including both membrane‐associated and soluble proteins. The cytosolic components organize together in a chamber‐like structure known as the sorting platform (SP), responsible for recruiting, sorting, and initiating the substrates destined to engage this secretion pathway. In this article, we provide an overview of recent findings on the SP's structure and function, with a particular focus on its assembly pathway. Furthermore, we discuss the molecular mechanisms behind the recruitment and hierarchical sorting of substrates by this cytosolic complex. Overall, the T3SS is a highly specialized and complex system that requires precise coordination to function properly. A deeper understanding of how the SP orchestrates T3S could enhance our comprehension of this complex nanomachine, which is central to the host‐pathogen interface, and could aid in the development of novel strategies to fight bacterial infections.
Enrollee characteristics and receipt of colorectal cancer testing in Pennsylvania after adoption of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion
Authors: Eom Kirsten Y. , Rothenberger Scott D. , Jarlenski Marian P. , Schoen Robert E. , Cole Evan S. , Sabik Lindsay M.
Published: June 2023

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer‐related death in the U.S. Despite increased CRC screening rates, they remain low among low‐income non‐older adults, including Medicaid enrollees who are more likely to be diagnosed at advanced stages.

Objectives

Given limited evidence regarding CRC screening service use among Medicaid enrollees, we examined multilevel factors associated with CRC testing among Medicaid enrollees in Pennsylvania after Medicaid expansion in 2015.

Research Design

Using the 2014–2019 Medicaid administrative data, we performed multivariable logistic regression models to assess factors associated with CRC testing, adjusting for enrollment length and primary care services use.

Subjects

We identified 15,439 adults aged 50–64 years newly enrolled through Medicaid expansion.

Measures

Outcome measures include receiving any CRC testing and by modality.

Results

About 32% of our study population received any CRC testing. Significant predictors for any CRC testing include being male, being Hispanic, having any chronic conditions, using primary care services ≤4 times annually, and having a higher county‐level median household income. Being 60–64 years at enrollment, using primary care services >4 times annually, and having higher county‐level unemployment rates were significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of receiving any CRC tests.

Conclusions

CRC testing rates were low among adults newly enrolled in Medicaid under the Medicaid expansion in Pennsylvania relative to adults with high income. We observed different sets of significant factors associated with CRC testing by modality. Our findings underscore the urgency to tailor strategies by patients' racial, geographic, and clinical conditions for CRC screening.
Effects of a lymphedema prevention program based on the theory of knowledge–attitude–practice on postoperative breast cancer patients: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Shi Bohui , Lin Zihan , Shi Xiaowei , Guo Pingli , Wang Wen , Qi Xin , Zhou Can , Zhang Huifang , Liu Xiaona , Iv Aili
Published: June 2023

Background

Breast cancer‐related lymphedema (BCRL) is one of the common postoperative complications that severely affects the functions of the arm and quality of life. Since lymphedema is difficult to treat and prone to recurrence, early prevention of lymphedema is crucial.

Methods

Patient diagnosed with breast cancer (N = 108) were randomized to the intervention (n = 52) or control group (n = 56). In the intervention group, patients were provided the lymphedema prevention program based on the theory of knowledge–attitude–practice during the perioperative period and the first three chemotherapy sessions (mainly includes health education, seminars, knowledge manuals, sports guidance, peer education, and WeChat group).The limb volume, handgrip strength, arm function, and quality of life were measured in all patients at the baseline, 9 weeks (T1), and 18 weeks (T2) after surgery.

Results

The incidence of lymphedema in the Intervention group was numerically lower than in the control group after implementing the lymphedema prevention program, but the difference was not statistically significant (T1: 1.9% vs. 3.8%, p = 1.000; T2: 3.6% vs. 7.1%, p = 0.744). However, compared with the control group, the intervention group showed there was less deterioration in handgrip strength (T1 [t = −2.512, p < 0.05] and T2 [t = −2.538, p < 0.05]), improved postoperative upper limb dysfunction (T1 [t = 3.087, p < 0.05] and T2 [t = 5.399, p < 0.05]) and less deterioration in quality of life (T1 [p < 0.05] and T2 [p < 0.05]).

Conclusion

Although the investigated lymphedema prevention program improved arm function and quality of life, it did not reduce the incidence of lymphedema in postoperative breast cancer patients.
Patient and public involvement in cancer research: A scoping review
Authors: Colomer‐Lahiguera Sara , Steimer Matthieu , Ellis Ursula , Eicher Manuela , Tompson Margaret , Corbière Tourane , Haase Kristen R.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Patient and public involvement (PPI) in research emphasizes the importance of doing research with, rather than for people with lived health/illness experience(s). The purpose of this scoping review is to investigate the breadth and depth of scientific literature on PPI in cancer research and to identify how is PPI applied and reported in cancer research.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycInfo up to March 2022. All titles/abstracts and full‐text results were screened by two reviewers. Data were analyzed and are presented in both narrative and tabular format.

Results

We screened 22,009 titles/abstract, reviewed 375 full‐text articles, of which 101 studies were included in this review. 66 papers applied PPI; 35 used co‐design methodologies. PPI in cancer research in published research has increased steadily since 2015 and often includes those with a past diagnosis of cancer or relatives/informal caregivers. The most common applied methods were workshops or interviews. PPI was generally used at the level of consultation/advisor and occurred mainly in early stages of research. Costs related to PPI were mentioned in 25 papers and four papers described training provided for PPI.

Conclusions

Results of our review demonstrate the nature and extent of PPI expansion in cancer research. Researchers and research organizations entering the fray of PPI should consider planning and reporting elements such as the stage, level, and role type of PPI, as well as methods and strategies put in place to assure diversity. Furthermore, a thorough evaluation of whether all these elements meet the stated PPI purpose will help to grasp its impact on research outcomes.

Patient or Public Contribution

Two patients participated in the stakeholder consultation as part of the scoping review methodology, contributed to the discussion on refining the results, and critically reviewed the manuscript. Both are co‐authors of this manuscript.
Clinical analysis of EV‐Fingerprint to predict grade group 3 and above prostate cancer and avoid prostate biopsy
Authors: Fairey Adrian , Paproski Robert J. , Pink Desmond , Sosnowski Deborah L. , Vasquez Catalina , Donnelly Bryan , Hyndman Eric , Aprikian Armen , Kinnaird Adam , Beatty Perrin H. , Lewis John D.
Published: June 2023

Background

There is an unmet clinical need for minimally invasive diagnostic tests to improve the detection of grade group (GG) ≥3 prostate cancer relative to prostate antigen‐specific risk calculators. We determined the accuracy of the blood‐based extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarker assay (EV Fingerprint test) at the point of a prostate biopsy decision to predict GG ≥3 from GG ≤2 and avoid unnecessary biopsies.

Methods

This study analyzed 415 men referred to urology clinics and scheduled for a prostate biopsy, were recruited to the APCaRI 01 prospective cohort study. The EV machine learning analysis platform was used to generate predictive EV models from microflow data. Logistic regression was then used to analyze the combined EV models and patient clinical data and generate the patients' risk score for GG ≥3 prostate cancer.

Results

The EV‐Fingerprint test was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) in discrimination of GG ≥3 from GG ≤2 and benign disease on initial biopsy. EV‐Fingerprint identified GG ≥3 cancer patients with high accuracy (0.81 AUC) at 95% sensitivity and 97% negative predictive value. Using a 7.85% probability cutoff, 95% of men with GG ≥3 would have been recommended a biopsy while avoiding 144 unnecessary biopsies (35%) and missing four GG ≥3 cancers (5%). Conversely, a 5% cutoff would have avoided 31 unnecessary biopsies (7%), missing no GG ≥3 cancers (0%).

Conclusions

EV‐Fingerprint accurately predicted GG ≥3 prostate cancer and would have significantly reduced unnecessary prostate biopsies.
Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the postimatinib era: A study based on the SEER database and a Chinese cohort
Authors: Wang Shu , Wang Yuhao , Luo Jialin , Wang Haoyuan , Zhao Yan , Nie Yongzhan , Yang Jianjun
Published: June 2023

Background

After the standardization, recording and follow‐up of imatinib use that significantly prolongs survival of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), a comprehensive reassessment of the prognosis of GISTs is necessary and more conductive to treatment options.

Methods

A total of 2185 GISTs between 2013 and 2016 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and comprised our training (n = 1456) and internal validation cohorts (n = 729). The risk factors extracted from univariate and multivariate analyses were used to establish a predictive nomogram. The model was evaluated and tested in the validation cohort internally and in 159 patients with GIST diagnosed between January 2015 and June 2017 in Xijing Hospital externally.

Results

The median OS was 49 months (range, 0–83 months) in the training cohort and 51 months (0–83 months) in the validation cohort. The concordance index (C‐index) of the nomogram was 0.777 (95% CI, 0.752–0.802) and 0.7787 (0.7785, bootstrap corrected) in training and internal validation cohorts, respectively, and 0.7613 (0.7579, bootstrap corrected) in the external validation cohort. Receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration curves for 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival (OS) showed a high degree of discrimination and calibration. The area under the curve showed that the new model performed better than the TNM staging system. In addition, the model could be dynamically visualized on a webpage.

Conclusion

We developed a comprehensive survival prediction model for assessing the 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year OS of patients with GIST in the postimatinib era. This predictive model outperforms the traditional TNM staging system and sheds light on the improvement of the prognostic prediction and the selection of treatment strategies for GISTs.
Low‐fat dairy consumption and the risk of lung cancer: A large prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhu Zhiyong , Peng Linglong , Zhou He , Gu Haitao , Tang Yunhao , Zhou Zhihang , Xiang Ling , Wang Yaxu
Published: June 2023

Background

Despite the possible contribution of dairy products to the development or prevention of cancers, there is a lack of epidemiological evidence linking low‐fat dairy consumption to the risk of developing lung cancer. This research was conducted to fill this knowledge gap.

Methods

The data for this research were collected from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. The Cox proportional risk model was employed to evaluate the link between low‐fat dairy consumption and the risk of developing lung cancer. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were measured in both unadjusted and adjusted models. A series of predefined subgroup analyses were performed to identify potential effect modifiers, and several sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the stability of the findings.

Results

The study included data from 98,459 individuals. During a total of 869,807.9 follow‐up person‐years, 1642 cases of lung cancer were observed, with an incidence of 0.189 cases for every 100 person‐years. In the fully adjusted model, participants in the highest quartile of low‐fat dairy consumption had a significantly decreased risk of lung cancer compared to the ones in the lowest quartile (HRquartile 4 vs. 1: 0.769, 95% CI: 0.664, 0.891, ptrend = 0.005). The restricted cubic spline plot revealed an inverse nonlinear dose–response relationship between low‐fat dairy consumption and lung cancer risk (pnonlinearity = 0.008). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the inverse association was stronger among participants with higher daily caloric intake (pinteraction = 0.031). Various sensitivity analyses produced consistent results.

Conclusion

Consuming more low‐fat dairy products is significantly linked to a reduced risk of developing lung cancer, indicating that an appropriate increase in the use of low‐fat dairy products may help prevent lung cancer.
Three New Constituents with Anti‐Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activities in Vitro from the Roots of Capsicum annuum L.
Authors: Shi Jiang , Deng Lu‐Lu , Li Jiang , Wang Min , Fan Yan‐Hua , Pan Wei‐Dong , Hao Xiao‐Jiang , Mu Shu‐Zhen
Published: June 2023

Three new compounds, including two new sesquiterpenes (1–2), named Annuumine E−F, and one new natural product, 3‐hydroxy‐2,6‐dimethylbenzenemethanol (3), together with seventeen known compounds (4–20) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of Capsicum annuum L. Among them, five compounds (4, 5, 9, 10 and 20) were isolated from this plant for the first time. The structures of new compounds (1–3) were determined via detailed analysis of the IR, HR‐ESI‐MS and 1D and 2D NMR spectra. The anti‐inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated by their ability to reduce NO release by LPS‐induced RAW 264.7 cells. Notably, compound 11 exhibited moderate anti‐inflammatory activity (IC50=21.11 μM). Moreover, the antibacterial activities of the isolated compounds were also evaluated.
Intraoperative transesophageal three‐dimensional ultrasound of the spinal cord
Authors: Kisling Adam , Prost Cristah , Conte Lisa , Hulten Edward
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Three‐dimensional transesophageal ultrasound of the spinal cord is a new and promising imaging modality that could easily be used clinically for real‐time evaluation of the spinal cord anatomy or for intraoperative guidance.
Lingual fasciculation: A point of call for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Galeazzi L. , Holzman J. , Mondoloni M. , Rochefort J.
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

A 60‐year‐old female patient, with no notable medical history, was referred by the internal medicine department for a dry mouth workup. The clinical examination revealed an absence of dryness, and the presence of lingual fasciculations, associated with difficulties in mastication and phonation. These symptoms appeared spontaneously 9 months before the consultation, after leaving confinement. Given the presence of lingual fasciculations, the diagnostic hypothesis of a neurological pathology, in particular amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), was suspected. After performing an electromyogram (EMG), the diagnosis of ALS was retained. Riluzole treatment was then started, and physical therapy sessions were scheduled. Riluzole allows an average gain of 4 to 6 months of life expectancy. Speech therapy and physical therapy allow to maintain the functions as long as possible and to improve the end‐of‐life conditions. The interest of early detection of ALS allows delaying the progression of the disease.
Spontaneous pneumothorax with isolated pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in an adult case: A common manifestation of rare disease
Authors: Samareh Fekri Mitra , Salajegheh Faranak , Nakhaie Mohsen , Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd Mohammad
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis should be evaluated even in adults with no previous medical history and no history of cigarette smoking who have spontaneous pneumothorax and evidence of multiple lung cystic lesions, and other organs should also be checked for multi organ Langerhans cell histiocytosis involvement.

A 30‐year‐old man presented with sudden chest pain and evidence of multiple cystic lesions in both upper and lower lobes of lungs, as well as left‐sided pneumothorax in high resolution computed tomography. In lung samples, hematoxylin and eosin‐ stained sections and IHC for CD1a, S100, and BRAF V600 were positive. The patient was diagnosed with isolated pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis and was treated accordingly.
Two‐step sequential management for hip arthroplasty after hip joint gunshot injury: A case report
Authors: Zandi Reza , Talebi Shahin , Ehsani Akbar , Nodehi Saeed
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Combined fractures of the femoral head and acetabulum due to hip gunshot injuries (GSI) are rare, and there is no preferred treatment option. We present a 35‐year‐old male patient who sustained a right hip GSI. Delayed THA with a two‐step sequential approach is a feasible management in this situation to manage soft tissue and decrease infection rate. At a 1‐year follow‐up visit, the pain was relieved, and the function improved significantly, and he had no complaints.
Mediterranean spotted fever as a non‐endemic disease in the southeast of Iran: Diagnosis and treatment based on specific skin lesion
Authors: Farrokhnia Mehrdad , Shafieipour Sara , Nakhaie Mohsen , Rukerd Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Rickettsia spp. should be investigated if Tache Noire, as a dark plaque covering a superficial ulcer surrounded by scale, edema, and erythema, are observed, even in non‐endemic areas of Rickettsia spp.

A 31‐year‐old man with fever, dyspnea, abdominal pain, and jaundice has been admitted to the hospital in the southeast of Iran. Due to the presence of a pathognomonic skin lesion (Tache noire), the patient was diagnosed with Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) and was treated with doxycycline, without waiting for PCR and IFA findings.
Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw leading to sepsis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis: A case report and clinical implications
Authors: Iwasaki Kazuhiko , Okazaki Akihito
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Chronic use of bisphosphonates, in combination with immunosuppressive therapy, increases the risk of jaw osteonecrosis. When sepsis occurs in patients receiving bisphosphonate, osteonecrosis of the jaw should be considered a potential source of infection.

Reports of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) accompanied by sepsis are limited. A 75‐year‐old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis, receiving treatment with bisphosphonate and abatacept, developed sepsis secondary to MRONJ. When sepsis occurs in patients receiving bisphosphonate, osteonecrosis of the jaw should be considered a potential source of infection.
Workplace ostracism and turnover intention: A moderated mediation model of job insecurity and coaching leadership
Authors: Zhang Rui , Niu Xiongying , Zhang Baofang
Published: June 2023

Workplace ostracism is prevalent and has profound consequences for both organizations and individuals. Based on the conservation of resources and job demands–resources theories, we propose a moderated mediation model to examine when and how workplace ostracism induces employee turnover intentions in China. We collected 214 valid questionnaires from a two‐wave survey conducted in 28 Chinese hotels. The results indicate that workplace ostracism is positively associated with employees' turnover intentions. Moreover, this relationship is mediated by job insecurity and is stronger when coaching leadership is low. These findings shed light on the role of job insecurity and coaching leadership in the relationship and the importance of mitigating the destructive effects of workplace ostracism. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Pharmacokinetics, Bioequivalence, and Safety of Esomeprazole Magnesium Enteric‐Coated Capsules in Healthy Chinese Subjects
Authors: Jin Juan , Huang Cuiping , Zhu Changhai , Feng Wanni , He Ang , Li Tuo , Wang Lina , Wang Xiaolu , Rao Xiali , Gan Fangliang
Published: June 2023

This bioequivalence study is critically important for drug production. Recently, a local pharmaceutical company produced esomeprazole magnesium enteric‐coated capsules, a major drug to help to eradicate Helicobacter pylori, but the bioequivalence is not well known. The present study aimed to evaluate the bioequivalence of the 2 esomeprazole magnesium enteric‐coated capsules and their pharmacokinetics and safety in 3 biological equivalence trials: fasting, feeding, and mixing. The fasting and mixing trials used single‐centered randomized, open‐label, single‐dose, 2‐treatment, 2‐period, and 2‐sequence crossover design, while the fed trials used single‐centered, randomized, open‐label, single‐dose, 2‐treatment, 3‐period, 3‐sequence partial crossover design. For the fasting and mixing trials, each of the 32 subjects was fasted overnight prior to taking the test preparations or reference preparations. In the fed trial, 54 subjects were given a high‐fat meal 1 hour before the drugs were administered. Blood specimens from all subjects were collected against the light within 14 hours, with the plasma drug concentration being detected by the validated ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis method. Geometric mean ratio of maximum concentration, the area under the concentration–time curve from time zero to the last measurable concentration, and area under the concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity with 90% confidence interval were calculated. The data from fasting, mixing, and fed trials met the bioequivalence criteria. No serious adverse reactions were found, suggesting that the test and reference preparations of esomeprazole magnesium enteric capsules have similar safety profile.