bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mussel‐Inspired, Self‐Healing, Highly Effective Fully Polymeric Fire‐Retardant Coatings Enabled by Group Synergy
Authors: Ma Zhewen , Feng Jiabing , Huo Siqi , Sun Ziqi , Bourbigot Serge , Wang Hao , Gao Jiefeng , Tang Long‐Cheng , Zheng Wei , Song Pingan
Published: August 2024

Fire‐retardant coatings represent a universal cost‐effective approach to providing fire protection for various substrates without compromising substrates’ bulk properties. However, it has been attractive yet highly challenging to create waterborne polymeric fire‐retardant coatings combining high‐efficiency, generally strong adhesion, and self‐repairability due to a lack of rational design principles. Inspired by mussel's unique adhesive, self‐healing, and char‐forming mechanisms, herein, a “group synergy” design strategy is proposed to realize the combination of self‐healing, strong adhesion, and high efficiency in a fully polymeric fire‐retardant coating via multiple synergies between catechol, phosphonic, and hydroxyethyl groups. As‐created fire‐retardant coating exhibits a rapid room‐temperature self‐healing ability and strong adhesion to (non)polar substrates due to multiple dynamic non‐covalent interactions enabled by these groups. Because these functional groups enable the formation of a robust structurally intact yet slightly expanded char layer upon exposure to flame, a 200 µm‐thick such coating can make extremely flammable polystyrene foam very difficult to ignite and self‐extinguishing, which far outperforms previous strategies. Moreover, this coating can provide universal exceptional fire protection for a variety of substrates from polymer foams, and timber, to fabric and steel. This work presents a promising material design principle to create next‐generation sustainable high‐performance fire‐retardant coatings for general fire protection.
Multi‐Functional Metasurfaces as a Platform to Realize Ultra‐Compact Confocal Instrumentation for on‐Machine Metrology
Authors: Townend Daniel J. , Henning Andrew J. , Williamson James , Martin Haydn , Jiang Xiangqian
Published: August 2024

As manufacturing looks to employ more smart and autonomous processes to improve how items are made, reducing scrappage rates and with it the associated waste of time and energy, new ultra‐compact sensors are needed that can be deployed where existing instrumentation cannot. The use of traditional methods when constructing optical sensors limits the progress that can be made in reducing their size and weight, however, emerging technologies such as metasurfaces offer a platform by which these barriers can be overcome to develop the sensors needed to underpin this manufacturing transition. Here it is demonstrated that how a single metasurface can be used to deliver all the optical manipulations required to create a metasurface‐based confocal sensor with only the addition of a point source and point detector. By combining the optical functionality of both the illumination and the collection optics in this way the system is simplified and reduced in size significantly. While here how a metasurface can be used to reduce the number of elements needed to produce an ultra‐compact confocal sensor is demonstrated, this approach can be used to simplify a far wider range of instrumentation to greatly reduce their size and weight.
Reversible Hydro/Halochromic Electrospun Textiles: Harnessing Chromic Technologies in Wearables for Anti‐Counterfeiting Applications
Authors: Chen Huan‐Ru , Chang Kai‐Jie , Lo Tse‐Yu , Chen Chien‐Lin , Tseng Kuan‐Hsun , Hsu Hsun‐Hao , Chen Jiun‐Tai
Published: August 2024

Wearable technology has seen rapid advancement, yet the integration of responsive materials into wearable devices poses significant challenges, particularly in maintaining fabric integrity and user comfort while ensuring sensitivity and responsiveness to environmental stimuli. In this work, these challenges are addressed by developing an ultra‐stable hydrochromic fabric that exhibits both hydro‐ and halochromic responsiveness. Utilizing a bimolecular fluoran dye system composed of a black leuco dye (ODB‐2) and a weak acid developer (benzyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate, B4H), these materials are embedded into a robust fibrous matrix constructed through an electrospinning process with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). This approach ensures the breathability, flexibility, and structural integrity of the fabrics, while the hydrophobic nature of TPU contributes to the stability and reversibility of the hydro/halochromic properties. The strategy allows for immediate, high‐contrast color changes upon exposure to water and acidic/basic vapors. These fabrics are also applied in rewritable data encryption, demonstrating their potential in anti‐counterfeiting. Furthermore, the investigation into the mechanical properties of these fabrics confirms their durability and resilience, making them ideal for wearable technology.
Molecular Engineering Strategy for Flexible Organic Crystal Materials Integrating Low Temperature Elasticity and Optical Waveguide Properties Based on Bromo‐Hydroxy Chalcone Derivatives
Authors: Yang Guiyi , Xin Haotian , Liang Zhengang , Zhang Yan , Wang Lei , Cheng Ziyi , Zhao Songfang , Liu Zhiqiang , Cao Duxia
Published: August 2024

Flexible organic crystal materials with optical waveguide property have attracted much attention for various applications. Meanwhile, the rising demand for deep space and polar explorations have brought about a growing interest in materials with low temperature flexibility. However, the development of organic crystal materials integrating optical waveguide and low temperature elasticity remains a significant challenge. Here, three flexible organic crystals with bromo‐hydroxy chalcone backbone are developed via molecular engineering strategy. The 4BHIE crystal with 4‐bromo‐N‐ethyl substituent exhibits superior 2D elasticity under mechanical external forces with ≈180° bending and 1.30 mm of curvature. The low optical loss coefficient of only 0.309 dB mm−1 also demonstrates potential applications in flexible optoelectronic waveguides. Interestingly, the introduction of a longer alkyl chain onto N atom of indole moiety (4BHIB) exhibits more remarkable flexibility with 0.35 mm of curvature due to its richer and more complex network of intermolecular interactions compared with that of 4BHIE. Furthermore, 5BHIE crystal with 5‐bromo‐N‐ethyl substituent shows not only elasticity at room temperature but also low‐temperature elasticity in liquid nitrogen with reversible temperature response owing to the strengthening intermolecular interactions at low temperature. 5BHIE crystal displays potential optical waveguide application in low temperature environments.
Tandem Electrochemical Redox/Condensation Reaction Between 2‐Amino Nitrobenzenes and Aliphatic Alcohols: An Approach to Benzimidazoles
Authors: Zhang Zenghui , Yang Wenjing , Liu Changji , Yu Xiao , Song Shuyong , Xia Chengcai
Published: August 2024

Tandem reactions via electrocatalytic annulations have emerged as a strategy for the construction of heterocycles. Herein, a two‐component electrochemical annulation via sequential reduction, oxidation, and condensation steps to synthesize valuable benzimidazoles motifs is reported. This reaction, which utilizes electricity as both the oxidants and reductants, tolerates a broad range of functional groups. Detailed mechanistic studies including control experiments, cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis, and key reaction intermediate characterization, reveals an intermolecular electrochemical redox/cyclization pathway.
Enantiocomplementary Synthesis of Tetrahydrofurans by Engineered Halohydrin Dehalogenases
Authors: Hu Yujing , Wang Wenjing , Zhao Mingye , Chen Jie , Kong Shuyang , Zhu Ning , Fang Zheng , Peng Yongzhen , Wu Qi , Guo Kai
Published: August 2024

Chiral tetrahydrofurans are prevalent structural motifs in biologically active compounds, approved drugs and natural products, but relevant enantiocomplementary synthesis remains underdeveloped. In this study, wild type halohydrin dehalogenase HheC from Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1, was first discovered to enable the intramolecular substitution of δ‐halohydrins for the formation of tetrahydrofurans but with unsatisfied activity and stereoselectivity. Through structure‐guided protein engineering, two completely enantiocomplementary variants T134M and P84L/W139A of HheC were obtained for the synthesis of tetrahydrofurans by the kinetic resolution of δ‐halohydrins (both giving products with up to 99% e.e., E>200). This research unveiled the halohydrin dehalogenases’ catalytic ability to form chiral cyclic ethers larger ring size than three‐membered epoxides, which has hitherto been unexplored, and provided an enzymatic synthesis access to valuably enantiocomplementary tetrahydrofurans.
Does adding legumes to tall fescue pastures before stockpiling improve productivity and animal performance?
Authors: Corbin Michael D. , Nave Renata L. G. , Naumann Harley D. , Bates Gary E. , Boyer Christopher , de Almeida Otávio G.
Published: August 2024

The rising prices of N fertilizer led to exploring cost‐saving efforts, such as intercropping cool‐ or warm‐season legumes serving as alternative sources of N for managing fall‐stockpiled tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.; TF]. We aimed to evaluate red clover (Trifolium pratense L.; RC) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.; SH) mixed with TF as alternative sources of N for stockpiling TF to increase productivity and animal performance. The experiment was conducted in Crossville, TN, in 2020 and 2021 and consisted of TF pastures mixed with RC (TRC) or SH (TSH), and TF fertilized with urea (TU). The experiment was divided into two periods: the pre‐grazing period (stockpiling) (April–October) and the grazing period (October–December). After the stockpiling period, Black Angus beef (Bos taurus) steers were used for the grazing period. The study evaluated the botanical composition, herbage mass (HM), nutritive value, steer average daily gain (ADG), and net returns (NR). The TRC pastures had a greater proportion of legumes compared to TSH plots in May, October, November, and December of both years. There were no differences among treatments for the total HM and nutritive value in 2020; however, in 2021, TU had greater HM at the beginning of the grazing period and greater average crude protein values compared to the other treatments. In both years, there were no differences among treatments for ADG or NR. Therefore, producers can make the same profit considering the beef steer price and the cost of conventional and alternative N sources.
Intraluminal washout in rectal and sigmoid colon cancer surgeries with double‐stapling technique anastomosis: A single‐institution prospective study
Authors: Furuya Shinji , Shiraishi Kensuke , Shimizu Hiroki , Takiguchi Koichi , Sudo Makoto , Hidenori Akaike , Kawaguchi Yoshihiko , Amemiya Hidetake , Kondo Tetsuo , Ichikawa Daisuke
Published: August 2024

Aim

This study aimed to determine the necessity of intraluminal washout through cytological assessment to prevent implantation of exfoliated cancer cells (ECCs) in patients with rectal and sigmoid cancers.

Methods

We studied 140 patients with either sigmoid or rectal cancer who underwent anastomosis surgery using a double‐stapling technique. An intraluminal washout sample was collected before and after irrigation with 1000, 1500, or 2000 mL of physiological saline or distilled water. Cytological assessments were conducted using the Papanicolaou classification system, where classes IV and V indicated positive cytological findings.

Results

Initially, 46.4% of the patients (65 out of 140) had positive ECCs. Patients with cancer cells had a significantly shorter distal free margin (DM) from the tumor (p < 0.001). The length of the DM was significantly associated with the tumor distance from the anal verge (p < 0.001). After irrigation with 2000 mL, ECCs were found in only 7.3% of patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that DM (≤50 mm) and tumor size (≥50 mm) were independent risk factors for positive ECCs after intraluminal washout, regardless of the type of irrigation solution used.

Conclusion

In patients with sigmoid colon cancer, adequate preoperative bowel preparation, a long DM, and a small tumor size, a 1000 mL intraluminal washout may be sufficient. By contrast, in patients with rectal cancer with a short DM and a large tumor size, a ≥2000 mL intraluminal washout is required. The different types of irrigation solution did not affect the ECCs. Large randomized controlled trials are required to confirm these results.
Significance of Variants of Uncertain Significance: The Human Cost of Genetic Uncertainty
Authors: Gonullu‐Rotman Damla
Published: August 2024

This piece narrates the journey of Maria (name of the mother has been altered to protect the family's privacy), a new mother confronting her newborn's unexpected diagnosis of very long chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency, despite undergoing proactive genetic carrier screening within a consanguineous marriage. It highlights the emotional and systemic challenges arising from the lack of diversity in genetic databases, which, in this case, failed to detect pathogenic variants in Maria and her husband. Maria's story sheds light on situations where a masked variant of uncertain significance (VUS) necessitates consultation with a trained genetics specialist and underscores the urgent need for a more equitable healthcare system.
CPAP‐induced sphenoid sinus pressures after endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: D'Souza Glen E. , Duffy Alexander , Mandloi Shreya , Garvey Emily , Naimi Bita , Hannikainen Paavali , Benedict Peter , Nyquist Gurston N. , Farrell Christopher , Rosen Marc , Toskala Elina , Evans James , Rabinowitz Mindy R.
Published: August 2024

Key points

Positive pressure transmitted from continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to the sinuses and skull base in the early post‐operative period has not been studied in live subjects and controversy exists in when to restart this post‐operatively.

This study found that approximately 32.76% and 13.52% of the delivered CPAP pressures reached the post‐surgical sphenoid sinus and the mid‐nasal cavity, respectively, suggesting that surgical factors such as tissue edema, nasal packing, blood, and nasal secretions may provide a protective effect.
Generic competition and prices for azelastine‐fluticasone nasal spray
Authors: Bhat Akash M. , Soler Zachary M. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Scangas George A. , Workman Alan D. , Rathi Vinay K.
Published: August 2024

Key points

The original manufacturer of azelastine‒fluticasone (AZ‒FL) prevented generic availability until 2020 via patent enforcement.

Following generic availability of AZ‒FL, Medicare utilization increased and spending decreased.

Retail prices for generic AZ‒FL remain high due to markup by manufacturers and pharmacies.
The effect of open‐label placebo on allergic rhinitis symptoms: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Albazee Ebraheem , Alharran Abdullah M. , Alzayed Mooza M.
Published: August 2024

Key points

The evidence regarding the open‐label placebo effect on allergic rhinitis symptoms remains uncertain.

Open‐label placebo significantly reduced the frequency of symptoms in allergic rhinitis patients with similar safety profiles; however, there was no effect on the severity of symptoms and impairment due to symptoms.

The statistically significant impact on symptom frequency can be considered not clinically significant.
Synergistic associations of CD33 variants and hypertension with brain and cognitive aging among dementia‐free older adults: A population‐based study
Authors: Zhu Min , Tian Xunyao , Han Xiaodong , Ma Yixun , Fa Wenxin , Wang Nan , Liu Rui , Dong Yi , Ren Yifei , Liu Cuicui , Tian Na , Zhang Heng , Song Lin , Tang Shi , Cong Lin , Wang Yongxiang , Hou Tingting , Qiu Chengxuan , Du Yifeng ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION

CD33 rs3865444 and hypertension (HTN) are related to cognitive impairment, individually. However, little is known about their combined effects on cognitive function in older adults.

METHODS

This population‐based study included 4368 dementia‐free participants (age ≥65 years) in the Multimodal Interventions to Delay Dementia and Disability in Rural China (MIND‐China), with data available in 1044 persons for gray matter volume and 85 persons for cerebral blood flow (CBF). We used general linear regression and mediation models to examine the associations of rs3865444 and HTN with cognition, brain atrophy, and CBF.

RESULTS

Among rs3865444 CC carriers, HTN and late‐life HTN were significantly associated with impaired cognition. Midlife and late‐life HTN were correlated with brain atrophy. CD33 rs3865444 CC moderated the mediation effect of gray matter volume on the association between HTN and global cognition. HTN was correlated with low CBF in rs3865444 CC carriers.

DISCUSSION

There are synergistic associations of CD33 rs3865444 and HTN with brain and cognitive aging in dementia‐free older adults.
Ischemic stroke associated with amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities in a patient treated with lecanemab
Authors: Gibson Alec W. , Elser Holly , Rosso Michela , Cornblath Eli J. , Fonkeu Yombe , Prasad Sashank , Rothstein Aaron , Nasrallah Ilya M. , Wolk David A. , Guo Michael H.
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION

Anti‐amyloid antibody therapies such as lecanemab are increasingly being used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). These therapies are associated with a high rate of amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities (ARIA).

METHODS

We review the case history of a patient who developed ARIA associated with lecanemab treatment.

RESULTS

In addition to microhemorrhages and cerebral edema that are recognized features of ARIA, the patient developed several ischemic strokes. The patient also experienced frequent electrographic seizures without overt clinical seizures. The patient demonstrated clinical and radiographic improvement after steroid treatment.

DISCUSSION

Our case suggests that ischemic strokes may be a feature of ARIA and highlights the importance of having a high clinical suspicion for seizures in ARIA. As anti‐amyloid therapies are likely going to be increasingly used to treat AD, it is important to appreciate the spectrum of clinical and radiographic findings that can result as side effects from this class of therapies.

Highlights

We report a patient who developed severe amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) after treatment with lecanemab.

Our report suggests that ischemic strokes may be a novel imaging feature of ARIA.

Our report highlights the need for high clinical suspicion for seizures in ARIA.
Fetal Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage Imaging Patterns, Etiology, and Outcomes: A Single Center Cohort Study
Authors: Vassar Rachel , George Elizabeth , Mogga Andrew , Li Yi , Norton Mary E. , Glenn Orit , Gano Dawn
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study examines associations among fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) injury patterns, etiologies, and outcomes in fetal intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH).

Methods

This is a retrospective, single‐center cohort study of IPH diagnosed on fetal MRI (1996–2022). IPH and associated abnormalities were categorized by 2 pediatric neuroradiologists; electronic medical records were reviewed by 2 pediatric neurologists to classify etiology and outcomes including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, developmental delay, and death.

Results

Forty‐four fetuses with IPH were identified (34 singleton and 10 twin gestations) with MRI at median 24 weeks gestation (interquartile range [IQR] = 22–28 weeks). IPH was commonly supratentorial (84%) and focal (50%) or focal with diffuse injury (43%) and was often associated with germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH; 75%) and/or intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH; 52%). An etiology was identified in 75%, including twin‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS, n = 10), COL4A1/2 variants (n = 8), or other fetal/maternal conditions (n = 15). COL4A1/2 variants were associated with focal IPH and the presence of hemorrhagic porencephaly, and intrauterine transfusion was associated with infratentorial hemorrhage. Twenty‐two fetuses were liveborn, and 18 pregnancies were terminated. Among those with follow‐up ≥ 12 months (median = 7 years), 12 of 13 had cerebral palsy, 6 of 13 had developmental delay, and 5 of 13 had epilepsy.

Interpretation

An etiology for fetal IPH with or without GMH‐IVH is identified in most cases in our cohort and is commonly TTTS, COL4A1/2 variants, or other maternal/fetal comorbidities. Pattern of fetal IPH on MRI is associated with etiology. Cerebral palsy and neurodevelopmental impairment were common in liveborn infants. Genetic studies should be considered in cases of fetal IPH without an otherwise apparent cause. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:1137–1147
Energy Localization and Topological Defect in Spherical Non‐Hermitian Topolectrical Circuits
Authors: Shen Xizhou , Wang Xiumei , Guo Haotian , Zhou Xingping
Published: August 2024

This work examines the energy localization in non‐Hermitian systems, with a particular focus on the influence of topological defects in spherical models. Alterations in the mode distribution are explored within non‐Hermitian Su‐Schrieffer‐Heeger (SSH) chains affected by these defects, utilizing the Maximum Skin Corner Weight (MaxWSC) metric. An innovative spherical model is introduced, created by segmenting spheres into 1D chain structures, to study the non‐Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) within a spherical geometric framework. Experimental validations conducted on Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) corroborate the theoretical insights. These findings not only substantiate the theoretical approach but also illustrate the capability of engineered circuit systems to mimic complex non‐Hermitian phenomena, highlighting the utility of spherical geometries in exploring NHSE and topological phenomena in non‐Hermitian systems.
Synthesis of Multifunctional Organic Molecules via Michael Addition Reaction to Manage Perovskite Crystallization and Defect
Authors: Liang Hongbo , Chen Jing , Zhu Wenjing , Ma Fengqiang , Li Na , Gu Hao , Xia Junmin , Lin Yuexin , Yang Wenhan , Zhang Sen , Zhang Yueshuai , Han Bingyu , Yang Shengchun , Ding Shujiang , Liang Chao
Published: August 2024

Additive engineering plays a pivotal role in achieving high‐quality light‐absorbing layers for high‐performance and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Various functional groups within the additives exert distinct regulatory effects on the perovskite layer. However, few additive molecules can synergistically fulfill the dual functions of regulating crystallization and passivating defects. Here, we custom‐synthesized 2‐ureido‐4‐pyrimidone (UPy) organic small molecules with diverse functional groups as additives to modulate crystallization and defects in perovskite films via the Michael addition reaction. Theoretical and experimental investigations demonstrate that the −OH groups in UPy exhibit significant effects in fixing uncoordinated Pb2+ ions, passivation of lead‐iodide antisite defects, alleviating hysteresis, and reducing non‐radiative recombination. Furthermore, the enhanced C=O and −NH2 motifs interact with the A‐site cation via hydrogen bonding, which relieves residual strain and adjusts crystal orientation. This strategy effectively controls perovskite crystallization and passivates defects, ultimately enhancing the quality of perovskite films. Consequently, the open‐circuit voltage of the UPy‐based p‐i‐n PSCs reaches 1.20 V, and the fill factor surpasses 84 %. The champion device delivers a power conversion efficiency of 25.75 %. Remarkably, the unencapsulated device maintained 96.9 % and 94.5 % of its initial efficiency following 3,360 hours of dark storage and 1,866 hours of 1‐sun illumination, respectively.
Regulating Electron‐Phonon Coupling by Solid Additive for Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ge Zhongwei , Qiao Jiawei , Li Yun , Song Jiali , Duan Xiaopeng , Fu Zhen , Hu Haixia , Yang Renqiang , Yin Hang , Hao Xiaotao , Sun Yanming
Published: August 2024

Strong electron‐phonon coupling can hinder exciton transport and induce undesirable non‐radiative recombination, resulting in a shortened exciton diffusion distance and constrained exciton dissociation in organic solar cells (OSCs). Therefore, suppressing electron‐phonon coupling is crucially important for achieveing high‐performance OSCs. Here, we employ the solid additive to regulating electron‐phonon coupling in OSCs. The planar configuration of SA1 confers a significant advantage in suppressing lattice vibrations in the active layers, reducing the scattering of excitons by phonons. Consequently, a slow but sustained hole transfer process is identified in the SA1‐assisted film, indicating an enhancement in hole transfer efficiency. Prolonged exciton diffusion length and exciton lifetime are achieved in the blend film processed with SA1, attributed to a low non‐radiative recombination rate and low energetic disorder for charge carrier transport. As a result, a high efficiency of 20 % was achieved for ternary device with a remarkable short‐circuit current. This work highlights the important role of suppressing electron‐phonon coupling in improving the photovoltaic performance of OSCs.
Asymmetric Counteranion‐Directed Electrocatalysis for Enantioselective Control of Radical Cation
Authors: Xu Zhenhui , Zheng Changdi , Lin Jie , Huang Weiwei , Song Dingguo , Zhong Weihui , Ling Fei
Published: August 2024

The control of enantioselectivity in radical cation reactions presents long‐standing challenges, despite a few successful examples. We introduce a novel strategy of asymmetric counteranion‐directed electrocatalysis to address enantioselectivity in radical cation chemistry. This concept has been successfully demonstrated in two reactions: an asymmetric dehydrogenative indole‐phenol [3+2] coupling and an atroposelective C−H/N−H dehydrogenative coupling. These reactions have enabled the synthesis of benzofuroindolines and C−N axially chiral indoles with high yields and excellent enantiomeric excesses. Detailed mechanistic studies confirmed a radical‐radical coupling mechanism. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations supported the indole radical cation as the pivotal intermediate, rather than a neutral indolyl radical, shedding new light on the underlying processes driving these reactions.
Multilayer‐coated polyphenylsulfone membranes with superior antifouling properties of PEG‐NH2 hydrogel for ultrafiltration process
Authors: Feizolahi Sahar , Pakizeh Majid , Namvar‐Mahboub Mahdieh
Published: August 2024

This study explores application of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based hydrogel to improve the antifouling properties and performance of polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) membrane. The modification of PPSU membrane was performed via coating different ratio of polydopamine (PDA) to 3‐(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) as interlayer on surface of PPSU membrane followed by grafting of PEG‐NH2 hydrogel. The as‐prepared membranes were characterized and results confirmed the successful coating of interlayer and hydrogel. The performance of as‐prepared membranes was measured using pure water flux, humic acid (HA), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) separation. The PDA‐APTES (50:50) was selected as the optimal interlayer to graft hydrogel with respect to their superior effect on properties of resultant membrane. The permeate flux and HA rejection increased from 35.2 LMH and 55% for pristine PPSU membrane to 83 LMH and 96% for optimal membrane. For optimal membrane the flux recovery ratio (FRR) value of 96% and 93% determined for BSA and HA separation, respectively. Chemical stability examined and the results confirmed that the hydrogel‐coated membrane was more stable in acidic media compared with alkali media. In summary, the simultaneous presence of the interlayer and the grafted hydrogel had a great impact on the morphology, performance, anticlogging properties, and acid resistance of the modified membranes.
Impact of functional groups on lithium salt dispersion and mobility in polymer electrolytes
Authors: Foran Gabrielle Y. , St‐Antoine Caroline , Lepage David , Cui Mengyang , Zheng Runze , Prébé Arnaud , Goward Gillian R. , Dollé Mickaël
Published: August 2024

Solid Polymer electrolytes are versatile, highly processible and electrochemically compatible with solid electrode materials. The versatility of these materials is a result of the existence of many possible conductive polymer‐salt, polymer‐polymer and salt‐salt combinations. Despite the wide array of available lithium salts, most polymer electrolyte materials are made using lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) due to its long history of achieving relatively high ionic conductivities in polymer electrolyte systems with the most famous being poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). It is however possible that better ionic conductivities can be achieved with different salts and/or in polymer matrices containing different functional groups. This is because ionic conductivity in polymer electrolytes is partially based on the ability of the polymer matrix to dissolve and bond to the salt. These interactions impact local‐scale ion mobility which can be measured via NMR spectroscopy using pulsed field gradient experiments. In this work, polymer electrolytes are prepared using PEO, hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber and poly(propylene) carbonate. Ion mobility, lithium conductivity and salt‐polymer interactions are investigated to compare interactions between LiTFSI and lithium cyano(trifluorosulfonyl)imide in polymers with common salt‐dissociating functional groups such as ethyl, nitrile and carbonate to determine the impact of these interactions on ionic conductivity.
Impact of Mayo Adhesive Probability score and BMI on renal functional decline after robotic assisted partial nephrectomy
Authors: Saitta Cesare , Paciotti Marco , Lughezzani Giovanni , Garofano Giuseppe , Meagher Margaret F. , Yuen Kit L. , Fasulo Vittorio , Contieri Roberto , Avolio Pier Paolo , Piccolini Andrea , Arena Paola , Mantovani Matilde , Beatrici Edoardo , Calatroni Marta , Reggiani Francesco , Hurle Rodolfo F. , Lazzeri Massimo , Saita Alberto , Casale Paolo , Derweesh Ithaar H. , Buffi Nicolò M.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of Mayo Adhesive Probability (MAP) score and body mass index (BMI) on renal function decline after robotic assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN).

Methods

We queried our prospective database for patients who underwent RAPN between January 2018 and December 2023. Outcomes were development of de novo CKD‐S3 (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2). Multivariable analysis (MVA) via Cox regression identified predictors for CKD‐S3. Kaplan–Meier Analyses was fitted for survival assessment. Finally, multivariable linear regression was utilized to identify predictors of delta eGFR at last follow‐up (preoperative eGFR—last eGFR).

Results

Two‐hundred fifty‐eight patients were analysed (obese n = 49 [19%]; MAP score 0–2 = 135 [52.33%]; MAP score 3–5 = 123 [47.6%]) with a median follow‐up of 33 (IQR 20–42) months. MVA revealed, high MAP score (HR 2.29, p = 0.019), increasing RENAL score (HR 1.26, p = 0.009), increasing age (HR 1.04, p = 0.003), obesity (HR 2.38, p = 0.006) and diabetes mellitus (HR 2.38, p = 0.005) as associated with increased risk of development of CKD‐S3, while trifecta achievement was not (p = 0.63). Comparing low MAP score versus high MAP score 4‐year CKD‐S3 free survival was 87.8% versus 56.1% (p < 0.001). Multivariable linear regression showed that high MAP score (coefficient 6.64, p = 0.001) and BMI (coefficient 0.51, p = 0.011) were significantly associated with increased delta eGFR at last follow up.

Conclusions

MAP score and increasing BMI are predictor for long term renal functional detrimental. These insights may call consideration for closer follow‐up or greater medical scrutiny prior surgery in obese patients and with elevated MAP score. Further investigations are requisite.
The moderating role of board gender diversity in ESG and firm performance: Empirical evidence from Gulf countries
Authors: Alahdal Waleed M. , Hashim Hafiza Aishah , Almaqtari Faozi A. , Salleh Zalailah , Pandey Dharen Kumar
Published: August 2024

The study aims to analyze the impact of environmental, social, and governance performance (ESGP) on firm performance (FP) in the Gulf countries. Furthermore, this study examines how the number of female members on the board affects the relationship between ESGP and FP. This study uses balanced panel data of 424 firm‐year observations from 106 Gulf non‐financial listed firms from 2018 to 2021. The results show that the effect of ESGP and social performance (SP) on return on equity (ROE) is positive and statistically significant. SP and governance performance (GP) reveal a positive impact on ROE. However, a negative impact is exhibited instead for Tobin's Q (TQ). Conversely, environmental performance (EP) positively affects both ROE and TQ. Besides that, the diversity of board gender significantly and positively strengthens the relationships of ESGP, EP, SP, and GP with FP. The study concludes that policymakers in the Gulf countries and public company executives can use the suggestions from this research to change existing corporate governance rules to encourage more ESG performance and board diversity. We also emphasize the need to consider ESG performance and the diversity of the board when making plans to meet societal expectations and reach business goals. To the best of our knowledge, this study is among only a few that have investigated the effect of board gender diversity on the impact of ESGP on FP in the context of Gulf countries.
CNN‐based deep learning approach for classification of invasive ductal and metastasis types of breast carcinoma
Authors: Islam Tobibul , Hoque Md Enamul , Ullah Mohammad , Islam Toufiqul , Nishu Nabila Akter , Islam Rabiul
Published: August 2024

Objective

Breast cancer is one of the leading cancer causes among women worldwide. It can be classified as invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) or metastatic cancer. Early detection of breast cancer is challenging due to the lack of early warning signs. Generally, a mammogram is recommended by specialists for screening. Existing approaches are not accurate enough for real‐time diagnostic applications and thus require better and smarter cancer diagnostic approaches. This study aims to develop a customized machine‐learning framework that will give more accurate predictions for IDC and metastasis cancer classification.

Methods

This work proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for classifying IDC and metastatic breast cancer. The study utilized a large‐scale dataset of microscopic histopathological images to automatically perceive a hierarchical manner of learning and understanding.

Results

It is evident that using machine learning techniques significantly (15%–25%) boost the effectiveness of determining cancer vulnerability, malignancy, and demise. The results demonstrate an excellent performance ensuring an average of 95% accuracy in classifying metastatic cells against benign ones and 89% accuracy was obtained in terms of detecting IDC.

Conclusions

The results suggest that the proposed model improves classification accuracy. Therefore, it could be applied effectively in classifying IDC and metastatic cancer in comparison to other state‐of‐the‐art models.
Regulating the Electronic Structure of Pd Nanoparticles on NH3‐Pretreated Nano‐Flake TiO2 for Efficient Hydrogenation of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber
Authors: Wang Shidong , Fan Benwei , Ge Bingqing , Zhang Hongwei , Hu Cejun , Cui Qinyang , Bao Xiaojun , Yuan Pei
Published: August 2024

The heterogeneous selective hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) is an efficient method to generate high value‐added hydrogenated NBR. Nevertheless, the inherent large molecular size and high spatial hindrance of polymers lead to poor activity and metal loss. Herein, we report a simple support ammonia pretreatment strategy for the synthesis of efficient N‐doped Pd catalyst and applied for the NBR hydrogenation. The results reveal that N doping enhances electron transfer from the support to Pd more effectively than oxygen‐rich vacancy support, thereby substantially enhancing the electron cloud density and stability of the Pd sites. The formation of more electron‐rich Pd sites not only significantly enhances the adsorption‐activation ability of C=C and H2, but also lowers the apparent activation energy of the reaction. As a result, the Pd/N‐TiO2‐R demonstrates best activity with a hydrogenation degree (HD) of 98 % and a TOF value of 335 h−1, significantly higher than that of Pd/TiO2−R (HD=83 %, 282 h−1) and Pd/TiO2 (HD=74 %, 204 h−1). This strategy will provide new inspiration to improve the activity and stability of Pd/TiO2 catalysts for the hydrogenation of unsaturated polymers.
Access to Diverse Carbonyl Compounds by Catalyst‐Free and Photoinduced Aerobic Cleavage of C=N Bonds
Authors: Xia Dingding , Wang Weijie , Xu Xike , Zhu Yanping , Li Qiannan , Wang Jinxin , Zhang Yu , Zhang Wei‐Dong
Published: August 2024

Functional group interconversion is of great significance in organic synthesis. However, aerobic cleavage of C=N bonds to access carbonyl compounds still suffered from some limitations such as harsh reaction conditions, stoichiometric oxidants, poor substrate scope and use of toxic reagents. Herein, we report a catalyst‐free and photo‐induced aerobic cleavage of C=N bonds to afford diverse carbonyl compounds using oxygen from air as green oxidant. This mild methodology permits N‐tosylhydrazones converted into the corresponding carbonyl compounds including ketones, aldehydes and carboxylic acids, showing broad functional group tolerance and compatibility. Moreover, the gram‐scale reaction and post‐modification of complicated molecules proved the applicability and efficiency of this strategy. Finally, a plausible mechanism was proposed based on spectroscopic investigations and detailed mechanistic studies.
Use of molecular simulation to design modification of a chromium‐based MOF for adsorptive removal of inhalation anaesthetic agents
Authors: Haeri‐Nejad Masoud , Eic Mladen
Published: August 2024

MIL‐101‐Cr‐X (X = OH−, F−) has been reported to be the most suitable material so far for adsorptive removal of inhalation anaesthetic agents (IAA) sevoflurane and desflurane at the working conditions in hospital operation rooms. To further enhance its affinity and uptake capacity towards IAA, several structural modifications were proposed, and their isotherms were predicted using our molecular simulation approach adopted in our previous publication for the case of the pristine MIL‐101‐Cr (X = F−, OH−) structure. The proposed modifications include (1) grafting the metal‐cluster site with coordinated NH3 ligands to produce MIL‐101‐Cr@NH3 (X = F−, OH−), (2) anion exchange of the fluorine atom bonded to chromium with chlorine to synthesize MIL‐101‐Cr (X = Cl−), and (3) functionalization of the benzene rings of the ligand linkers in the MOFs with amino‐ and nitro‐ groups in order to form NH2‐MIL‐101‐Cr (X = Cl−) and NO2‐MIL‐101‐Cr (X = Cl), respectively. Simulated adsorption isotherms of IAA on these modifications were verified by the experimental results using the standard volumetric technique and they clearly demonstrated that MIL‐101‐Cr@NH3 (X = F−, OH−) possesses the highest equilibrium capacity for IAA. This observation can be attributed to the electron‐transfer contribution of the coordinated ammonium molecules to the unsaturated coordinated sites of the MOF while doing away with steric hindrance inside the pore cages. The new compound can significantly enhance the economy of adsorptive removal of IAA from vented gas mixtures.
CRISPR/Cas9 effectively generate chromosome structural variations in rice protoplasts
Authors: Sun Jiaying , Wang Yating , Guo Chenchu , Ge Ruiyun , Naren Tuya , Jiang Linjian
Published: August 2024

Chromosome structural variations (SVs), such as deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation, are important contributors to genetic diversification and crop improvement. Using genome editing tools such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated nuclease (Cas9), desired SVs involving large DNA fragments have been created in rice (Oryza sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.), and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.). However, it is still uncertain whether the size of DNA fragment involved could be a prohibiting factor to generate Cas9‐mediated SVs. In this study, we constructed five CRISPR/Cas9 vectors, each expressing two single‐guide RNAs (sgRNAs), to cut two sites spacing at 0.5, 5, 10, 20, and 30 Mb on rice chromosome 4 (Chr4), respectively. Meanwhile, another CRISPR/Cas9 vector cutting two sites, one on Chr4 and the other on Chr1, was also constructed for creation of chromosomal translocation between Chr1 and Chr4. These vectors were transfected into rice protoplasts by polyethylene glycol–mediated transformation. Specific primers were designed to detect desired SV events. The results showed that all designed SVs could be effectively generated by CRISPR/Cas9 in rice protoplasts. This study suggested that the size of DNA fragment involved is unlikely a prohibiting factor for creation of desired SV events.
Floodlight or spotlight? Public attention and corporate social responsibility decoupling
Authors: He Ling , Gan Shengdao
Published: August 2024

Recently, there has been a surge of criticism against corporate social responsibility (CSR) decoupling due to its detrimental implications for both business and society. Thus, reducing this disconnect and fostering the consistency between firms' talk and walk has become an urgent priority. We employ a fixed‐effects model to examine the impact of public attention on CSR decoupling using 5633 annual observations from Chinese A‐share listed firms spanning 2011–2020. Our results show that firms subjected to heightened public attention tend to engage less in CSR decoupling. Further dividing into “greenwashing” and “brownwashing” types, we discover that public attention significantly curbs the occurrence of “greenwashing” decoupling. Channel tests indicate that public attention effectively inhabits CSR decoupling through information and supervision channels. We also document that a lower level of CSR decoupling for firms with intensive public attention results in lower reputational crisis and superior financial performance, highlighting the benefits of aligning CSR talk with CSR walk. These findings provide evidence supporting the imperative role of public oversight in curbing corporate misconduct and contribute to the ongoing scholarly debate on CSR decoupling.
Porous Wood Composite as a Green Approach for Enhancing Electrochemical Performance of Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Supercapacitors
Authors: Hou Pu , Liu Yue , Gao Zunchang , Liu Yang , Gu Jiyou , Dong Jidong , Huo Pengfei
Published: August 2024

Delignified wood (DW) is a kind of environment‐friendly porous material, and its unique hierarchical orous structure and excellent wettability are conducive to the rapid transfer and storage of ions, which can be used as electrolyte matrix of supercapacitors. In order to solve the deficiency of mechanical properties of DW as electrolyte materials, a novel cross‐linked polyurethane (CPU) with high water absorption is designed as a reinforced matrix to improve the mechanical properties of electrolytes while maintaining high ionic conductivity. First, DW is immersed in CPU precursor solution, and the DW/CPU composite (W‐CPC) is obtained by thermal crosslinking. Finally, W‐CPC is soaked in 1 M LiClO4 aqueous electrolyte to obtain the composite gel polymer electrolyte (W‐CPC‐GPE). Benefiting from the good hydrophilicity of W‐CPC, the anisotropic vertical channels inside the DW, and the synergism of hydrogen bond and covalent bond. The highest ionic conductivity and mechanical strength of W‐CPC‐GPE are 3.5×10−2 S cm−1 and 0.67 MPa, respectively. The W‐CPC‐5‐G based supercapacitor exhibits a high specific capacitance of 146.52 F g−1 and favorable capacitance retention rate of 90.7 % after 5000 cycles. The results show that compounding with DW is an efficient and green way to develop high‐performance gel polymer electrolytes for supercapacitors.
Furandicarboxylic Acid (FDCA): Electrosynthesis and Its Facile Recovery From Polyethylene Furanoate (PEF) via Depolymerization
Authors: Dargó Gyula , Kis Dávid , Ráduly Amália , Farkas Vajk , Kupai József
Published: August 2024

Replacing fossil fuels with renewable, bio‐based alternatives is inevitable for the modern chemical industry, in line with the 12 principles of green chemistry. 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is a promising platform molecule that can be derived from 5‐hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) via sustainable electrochemical oxidation. Herein, we demonstrate TEMPO‐mediated electrooxidation of HMF to FDCA in ElectraSyn 2.0 using inexpensive commercially available electrodes: graphite anode and stainless‐steel cathode, thereby avoiding the often cumbersome electrode preparation. Key parameters such as concentration of HMF, KOH, and catalyst loading were optimized by experimental design. Under the optimized conditions, using only a low amount of TEMPO (5 mol %), high yield and Faradaic efficiency of 96 % were achieved within 2.5 h. Moreover, since FDCA is a monomer of the bio‐based poly(ethylene furanoate), PEF, we aimed to investigate its recovery by depolymerization, which could be of paramount importance in the circular economy of the FDCA. For this, a new polar aprotic solvent, methyl sesamol (MeSesamol), was used, allowing the facile depolymerization of PEF at room temperature with high monomer yields (up to 85 %), while the cosolvent MeSesamol was recycled with high efficiency (95–100 %) over five reaction cycles.
NiO‐Incorporated Cu/Cu2O Nanowires for Highly Efficient Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Mo Zuohong , Ma Zhihui , Ran Yinjun , Wang Yage , Li Tianhao , Sun Wei , Hu Weihua
Published: August 2024

Electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia (NRA) is a promising sustainable way to synthesize ammonia (NH3) from nitrate (NO3−) contaminants. Cu‐based electrocatalysts are frequently utilized for NRA due to their strong NO3− adsorption and de‐oxygenation ability. However, this kind of catalyst usually possesses the weak water dissociation ability, resulting in insufficient proton supply in alkaline media to retard the following hydrogenation step of O‐containing intermediates (*NOx, typically NO2−) to target NH3. Herein, NiO‐incorporated Cu/Cu2O nanowires grown on nickel foam (p‐CuNi@NF, p refers to plasma treatment) were synthesized via hydrothermal growth and subsequent O2 plasma treatment for efficient NRA electrocatalysis. On this p‐CuNi@NF catalyst, NiO is able to accelerate the hydrogenation step by promoting the water dissociation to provide protons, ultimately facilitating efficient NRA. p‐CuNi@NF exhibits excellent NH3 selectivity and yield in a wide potential range and reaches a high Faradaic efficiency (FENH3) of 97.5 % and a yield (YNH3) of 470 μmol h−1 cm−2 at −0.6 V, both of which largely surpass the Cu/Cu2O catalyst.