bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A genetic analysis of weed competitive ability in spring wheat
Authors: Reid T A , Navabi A , Cahill J C , Salmon D , Spaner D
Published: March 2010

Competition with weeds decreases crop yields globally. Breeding for competitive ability against elevated weed pressure can be difficult because the selection for specific traits which contribute to competitive ability may result in yield losses. The widely studied International Triticeae Mapping Initiative (ITMI) population was used to study the genetics of traits associated with competitive ability in a high latitude (52-53ºN) wheat-growing environment in central Alberta, Canada. Grain yield without weed competition and under experimentally sown cultivated oat competition exhibited similar heritability. Grain yield was positively correlated with early season vigour, and negatively correlated with days to maturity in the competitive treatment only. In this study, similar heritability estimates between competition treatments suggest that selection in a weed free environment can lead to improvements in a weedy environment, but some high-yielding lines under competition would be eliminated during selection.Key words: Wheat, weed competition, competitive ability, International Triticeae Mapping Initiative, genetic correlation
Characterization of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber in F.H. Wigg.) biotype morphology, chemical composition and response to glyphosate
Authors: Moyer J. R. , Boswall A. L. , Kawchuk L. M. , Entz T. , Tovell B. , Lee B.
Published: March 2010

Dandelion plants at the Lethbridge Research Centre, Alberta, have several different leaf shapes and possibly include individuals that are tolerant to glyphosate. The objectives of this study were to determine whether different leaf shapes are due to genotypic differences, whether chemical composition varies with leaf shape, and whether plants vary in their response to glyphosate. Plants with possible glyphosate tolerance were collected in 1998 from a pasture field where forage grasses were terminated with glyphosate, and from an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) field where no herbicides had been applied. Image analysis of plants that were progeny of the original collection indicated that they have significantly different leaf shapes. DNA analysis confirmed that genotypic differences associated with leaf shape exist among dandelion plants collected at the Lethbridge Research Centre. The biotypes had different metal concentrations, which may be a concern if plants are sampled to monitor metal contamination. All biotypes had acceptable metal concentrations for use as cattle feed. In greenhouse tests, all biotypes required similar doses of glyphosate to reduce growth by 50%. All biotypes have considerable tolerance to glyphosate at rates to at least 1.8 kg a.e. ha-1, root fragments remained that were capable of supporting new leaf growth. Key words: Dandelion, DNA, glyphosate, leaf shape, mineral content, protein
Effectiveness of fungicide seed treatments for preventing seed-to-seedling transmission of Fusarium graminearum under controlled-environment conditions
Authors: Fernandez M R , Turkington T K , May W E
Published: March 2010

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is well established in the eastern prairies, but for the most part it has been absent from western regions, especially under dryland conditions. This has been largely attributed to dry and hot conditions during some years, and the limited occurrence of F. graminearum in the western prairies. It is of importance to prevent the movement of F. graminearum, the most important FHB pathogen in North America, to areas where this pathogen is not commonly found. Three controlled-environment studies, using different Fusarium-infected common and durum wheat seed lots, were conducted to determine the effectiveness of currently registered fungicide seed treatments in improving seedling emergence and plant development, and preventing the growth of F. graminearum from infected seed to plant tissue. Fungicide treatments improved seedling emergence from the most infected seed over the untreated infected control, but most treatments did not improve emergence in the other experiments. Plant growth in the fungicide treatments was either similar to or slower than in the untreated controls. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from discoloured tissue in all treatments and was generally more common in crowns than in subcrown internodes. No fungicide treatment reduced discolouration of plant tissue or percentage isolation of F. graminearum or other Fusarium spp. consistently. We conclude that while currently registered seed treatments might be effective in improving seedling emergence in some infected wheat seed lots, they do not prevent the growth of F. graminearum from seeds to plant tissue. For the western prairies, the use of fungicide seed treatments as a strategy in the prevention of spread of FHB would require that they be effective primarily against F. graminearum. Performance of fungicide seed treatments against Fusarium-infected wheat seed should also be determined under typical growing conditions across the western prairies.Key words: Seed treatments, fungicides, wheat, root rot, crown rot, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium avenaceum
A new wood fibre substrate for hydroponic tomato and pepper crops
Authors: Ehret D L , Helmer T
Published: March 2010

The use of red cedar sawdust as a growing substrate for hydroponic tomato and pepper production was tested by comparison with yellow cedar sawdust and coir. In experiments with 14-d-old transplants, growth inhibition was observed in response to red cedar compared with yellow cedar sawdust. However, growth of plants transplanted at 28 d was better in red cedar than in yellow cedar, and those planted at 38 d were unaffected by sawdust type. Additionally, tomato and pepper plants grown to maturity under conditions similar to commercial production systems showed no negative effects of red cedar on fruit yield or quality when compared with plants grown in either yellow cedar or coir. There were also no differences in plants grown in either new or old red cedar sawdust. The data suggest that western red cedar should be considered as a viable substrate for production of greenhouse vegetable crops. Key words: Western red cedar, tomato, pepper, hydroponics, soilless culture, yellow cedar, coir, greenhouse
Variation in leaf and bud soluble sugar concentration among Vitis genotypes grown under two temperature regimes
Authors: Grant T N , Dami I E , Ji T , Scurlock D , Streeter J
Published: March 2010

Soluble sugar accumulation was determined in the grape (Vitis spp.) cultivars Frontenac, Couderc 3309, Concord, Cabernet Franc, Traminette and Seyval grown under two temperature regimes. Shoot growth slowed under cold temperature regimes in all cultivars except Concord, which was the least responsive. Among all sugars, raffinose showed distinctive responses associated with the two temperature regimes. Under a non-acclimating temperature regime, raffinose concentrations were low and similar among cultivars, whereas under cold acclimating temperature regimes raffinose accumulation was generally higher, and cold-hardy cultivars accumulated higher concentrations than did cold-sensitive cultivars. Basal leaves and buds accumulated the most raffinose. Cabernet Franc vines exhibited no differences in sugar accumulation at different stages of development. The results suggest that raffinose accumulation might be an early step in the process of cold acclimation that coincides with slowed shoot growth, and may precede the onset of dormancy and freezing tolerance. Leaf raffinose concentration might be useful as a detection tool to distinguish various Vitis genotypes with contrasting freezing tolerance. Key words: Bud, cold acclimation, leaf, raffinose, Vitis
Physiology of genetic improvements in yield and grain protein of Canadian Western Amber Durum wheat
Authors: Wang H. , Clarke J. M. , McCaig T. N. , DePauw R. M.
Published: March 2010

Two relatively new Canada Western Amber Durum (CWAD) (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) cultivars used different strategies to increase yield and maintain high grain protein relative to older cultivars. AC Navigator (semi-dwarf) increased kernel weight and spikes per plant. AC Avonlea (conventional height) reduced height and increased spike size. AC Avonlea remobilized more nitrogen (N) to the grain than AC Navigator, which could be attributed to its large spike sink.Key words: Triticum turgidum, yield, protein, spike size, nitrogen uptake and remobilization
Lee Williams hulless oat
Authors: Mitchell Fetch J W , Kibite S , Chong J , Clayton G W , Fetch T G , Menzies J G , Turkington T K
Published: March 2010

Lee Williams is a high-yielding hulless oat (Avena sativa L.) with good disease resistance and good straw strength. It is well adapted to all of the oat producing regions of western Canada. It carries genetic resistance to several races of crown rust (caused by Puccinia coronata Corda f. sp. avenea Eriks.) and stem rust (caused by P. graminis f. sp. avenae Pers.), loose [Ustilago avenae (Pers.) Rostr.], and covered smut (U. kolleri Wille), and moderate resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). Lee Williams has protein and oil levels and a high groat to hull ratio that make it well-suited for livestock feed. Hulless oat may retain a low percentage of hulls after threshing so a high groat to hull ratio is desirable. Lee Williams was supported for registration at the Prairie Regional Recommending Committee for Grains meeting in February 2002.Key words: Oat, Avena sativa L., cultivar description, hulless oat
CDC Luna kabuli chickpea
Authors: Taran B. , Warkentin T. , Malhotra R. , Banniza S. , Vandenberg A.
Published: March 2010

CDC Luna, a kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar, was released in 2007 by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, for distribution to Select seed growers in western Canada through the Variety Release Program of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. CDC Luna has a pinnate leaf type, fair resistance to ascochyta blight [Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab.], medium-late maturity, medium-large seed size and similar yield potential with the check cultivar Amit in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of the Canadian prairies.Key words: Chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., cultivar description, ascochyta blight
Comparison of meadow fescue and meadow bromegrass in monoculture and in association with white clover
Authors: Drapeau R , Bélanger G
Published: March 2010

Meadow fescue and meadow bromegrass alone or with white clover were compared in a four cut system in a region with less than 1400 growing degree days. Cultivars of the two grass species did not affect yield. The annual yields of two grass species, alone or with white clover, were similar in the first production year, but in second and third production years, meadow bromegrass yielded more than meadow fescue. The persistence of white clover, alone or with a grass, was limited. Key words: Festuca pratensis, Bromus riparius, Trifolium repens, yield
Yellowhead alfalfa
Authors: McLeod J G , Muri R , Jefferson P G , Bittman S , McCartney D
Published: March 2010

Yellowhead is a cultivar of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. Subsp. falcata). Yellowhead was selected at the Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Swift Current, SK, and developed through the collaboration of Research Centres of AAFC in Saskatchewan. Yellowhead is a “falcata type”, i.e., yellow flowered with sickle shaped seed pods, with about 60% of the plants displaying the rhizomatous characteristic. Yellowhead is moderately resistant to bacterial wilt and particularly tolerant of competition in mixed swards with grass and under heavy grazing. The herbage yield of Yellowhead was not significantly different from that of the parent population, ScMf 3713 and check cultivars in trials conducted on dryland near Swift Current, Saskatchewan.Key words: Cultivar description, winter hardiness, persistence, grazing tolerance
Estimating canola (Brassica napus L.) yield potential using an active optical sensor
Authors: Holzapfel C B , Lafond G P , Brandt S A , Bullock P R , Irvine R B , Morrison M J , May W E , James D C
Published: March 2010

Active optical sensors have potential as tools to increase N fertilizer use efficiency in crop production; however, empirical data are required to utilize the sensors for this purpose. Data were compiled from N fertilizer trials at five Canadian locations (2004-2007) to determine the feasibility of using optical sensors during the growing season to estimate the seed yield potential of canola (Brassica napus). The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of each plot in each trial was measured using a hand-held optical sensor several times each season. The NDVI between the six-leaf stage and the beginning of flowering was divided by one of several different heat unit summations to normalize the measurements, and data were combined across locations. Linear and exponential regression analyses were completed for canola seed yield as a function of both the original and normalized NDVI measurements. When data from all locations were combined, NDVI was significantly correlated with canola seed yield (R2 = 0.35; P < 0.001) and normalizing NDVI did not improve the correlation. Categorizing the locations by soil zone (Brown-Dark Brown and thin-Black-Black) and completing separate regression analyses for each group increased the correlation coefficients for NDVI and seed yield (R2 = 0.36-0.43). Furthermore, dividing NDVI by the heat unit summations generally improved the correlation when the data were categorized by soil zone. The largest correlation coefficient occurred when NDVI was divided by growing degree days with a base temperature of 5°C (R2 = 0.53-0.67). Our results show that optical sensors can be used to estimate canola yield potential early enough in the growing season to have potential as an N management tool.Key words: Normalized difference vegetation index, agriculture, precision, nitrogen use efficiency
Changes in ethanol production potential due to species, cultivar and location on the Canadian prairie
Authors: McLeod J G , May W E , Salmon D F , Sosulski K. , Thomas J B , Brown P D , Vera C L
Published: March 2010

In recent years there has been a rapid growth in the fuel ethanol industry, increasing the need for a consistent supply of feedstock. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of small grains in western Canada to supply feedstock to the ethanol industry. Thirty-one lines and cultivars of Canadian small grains were evaluated: eleven cultivars comprising five classes spring wheat, six cultivars of two and six row barley of feed, malting and hulless classes, eight cultivars of spring triticale and six cultivars of oat were grown at seven locations in western Canada and evaluated as feedstock for ethanol production. Starch concentrations and, for certain grains, β-glucan and pentosans were determined and used to estimate ethanol yields in L t-1 and L ha-1. On average, ethanol yield in L t-1 was wheat > triticale > barley > oat; however, for yield in L ha-1, only oat was inferior. This ranking was consistent across all locations tested. Estimates of ethanol yields indicated that certain cultivars within classes of grains were superior, such as CDC Buck, SWS 109, HY 617 and Pronghorn in the hulless barley, CWSWS, CPS-R and Triticale classes, respectively. Locations that produced the highest level of ethanol in one species tended to produce grain with the highest ethanol yields in the other species. Selection of cultivars with greater starch content, different starch quality and reduced pentosans as well as the advancements in and adoption of new fermentation technologies may lead to greater estimates of ethanol yields of small grain cereals in the future.Key words: Cereal grains, starch, pentosans, β-glucans, ethanol yield
Long-spine sandbur [Cenchrus longispinus (Hack. in Kneuck.) Fernald] control in corn
Authors: Soltani N. , Kumagai M. , Brown L. , Sikkema P H
Published: March 2010

Long-spine sandbur is an annual grass that infests many fields in southwestern Ontario, especially those with sandy soils. Eight field experiments were conducted over a 2-yr period (2007, 2008) in Ontario to determine the efficacy of various preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicides for control of long-spine sandbur in corn. Generally, the POST applied herbicides controlled long-spine sandbur better than PRE herbicides evaluated in this study. PRE application of dimethenamid-p (1250 g a.i. ha-1), S-metolachlor (1600 g a.i. ha-1), flufenacet (1040 g a.i. ha-1), pendimethalin (1680 g a.i. ha-1), pyroxasulfone (250 g a.i. ha-1), or isoxaflutole plus atrazine (105 + 1063 g a.i. ha-1) controlled long-spine sandbur 0-79%. POST application mesotrione + atrazine (140 + 280 g a.i. ha-1) or topramezone + atrazine (18.75 + 500 g a.i. ha-1) provided 24-82% control, foramsulfuron (35 g a.i. ha-1) or primisulfuron/dicamba (26 +140 g a.i. ha-1) provided 54-87% control, and rimsulfuron (15 g a.i. ha-1), nicosulfuron (25 g a.i. ha-1) or nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron (25 g a.i. ha-1) provided 68-95% control of long-spine sandbur in corn. Similar reduction in sandbur density and shoot dry weight were observed. PRE applied isoxaflutole + atrazine and POST applied rimsulfuron, nicosulfuron, nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron, foramsulfuron, primisulfuron/dicamba, and topramezone + atrazine all provided yield comparable with the weed-free control. Among the herbicides evaluated rimsulfuron, nicosulfuron, and nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron provide the most consistent long-spine sandbur control in corn.Key words: Weed control, preemergence herbicide, postemergence herbicide, rimsulfuron, nicosulfuron, foramsulfuron, primisulfuron, dicamba, topramezone, atrazine
Juice quality and polyphenol concentration of fresh fruits and pomace of selected Nova Scotia-grown grape cultivars
Authors: Ratnasooriya C C , Rupasinghe H P.V. , Jamieson A R
Published: March 2010

Juice, fresh fruit and pomace of 10 selected Nova Scotia-grown grape cultivars (five table and five wine cultivars) were evaluated for their physicochemical parameters and major phenolic compounds to determine their suitability in use for developing functional beverages. Colour intensity, total soluble solids, total anthocyanin concentration and antioxidant capacity were significantly higher in juice of wine grape cultivars than in juice of table grape cultivars. Titratable acidity was not significantly different among the juice of the two categories. In juice, a high positive correlation was observed between total phenolic concentration measured using Folin-Ciocalteu assay and antioxidant capacity measured using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) (r = 0.87) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (r = 0.95). Flavan-3-ols, stilbenes and anthocyanin concentrations were significantly higher in fruits of wine grape cultivars, while the distribution of flavonols was highly variable in two categories. The descending order of total phenol concentration in fruits was: Lucie Kuhlman > Baco Noir > Marechal Foch > Castel 19637 > Sovereign Coronation > Leon Millot > Van Buren > Swenson Red > Suffolk Red > Reliance. The average overall concentrations of flavan-3-ols, flavonols, stilbenes and anthocyanins in pomace were 40, 90, 60 and 50% higher than that of the fresh fruits. Among the cultivars evaluated, Castel 19637 and Lucie Kuhlman showed the greatest potential for the development of a functional beverage; however, further characterization on sensory quality attributes is required.Key words: Grape, juice, pomace, antioxidant capacity, anthocyanin, stilbenes, flavan-3-ols, flavonols
THE RANDOM METHOD OF OAT BREEDING FOR PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: KAUFMANN M. L.
Published: March 2010

The "random" method of oat breeding was assessed using 820 random lines from four crosses. Transgressive segregation was indicated for yield, maturity, height, bushel weight, and kernel weight, but it was not marked in the latter three traits. Correlations between yield and the above-listed traits were low, indicating that primary emphasis could be placed on productivity without detracting from selection effectiveness. It was concluded that the random method of oat breeding was efficient in breeding for productivity in an area with no serious disease problems. The weight of five panicles taken at random from standard rod-row plots was significantly correlated with plot yields, but the correlations were small and use of high panicle weight would probably not be effective in screening for high yield.
EFFECT OF SULFUR COMPOUNDS ON APPRESSORIUM FORMATION BY COLLETOTRICHUM GRAMINICOLA
Authors: NETOLITZKY H. J. , SKOROPAD W. P.
Published: March 2010

Compounds containing sulfhydryl groups inhibited appressorium formation by Colletotrichum graminicola (Ces.) Wils. Appressoria were not formed in 0.03 and 0.06 M solutions of cysteine, homocysteine, thiohistidine and reduced glutathione. They were formed abundantly within 24 hr in 0.006, 0.03 and 0.06 M solutions of cysteine sulfinic acid, cysteic acid, homocysteic acid, S-methyl cysteine, methionine, methionine sulfone, methionine sulfoxide, and oxidized glutathione. The role of sulfhydryl groups in the inhibition of appressorium formation is discussed.
GREEN FOXTAIL: SEED DORMANCY, GERMINATION AND GROWTH
Authors: BORN W. H. VANDEN
Published: March 2010

Green foxtail seed exhibited complete or near-complete dormancy when freshly harvested. This dormancy was overcome most readily during moist storage at 6 C for three to six weeks. Seed germination occurred over a wide range of temperature, but most rapidly at or above 25 C. Seedlings emerged readily from planting depths up to 8 cm. Plants emerging as late as the end of July could still produce seeds during the same season. Implications of the findings for green foxtail control are discussed. Severely restricted growth of green foxtail under reduced temperature and light intensity is considered to account for at least part of the reported low competitive efficiency of green foxtail infestations in field crops in western Canada.
EFFECT OF NITROGEN, POTASSIUM AND STAGE OF HARVESTING ON HAPLOCORM FORMATION AND PERSISTENCE OF TIMOTHY
Authors: Grant E. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
A GRAIN HANDLING SYSTEM FOR EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS
Authors: Faris D. G. , Lock H.
Published: March 2010

not available
RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF ALAR ON THE CARBON DIOXIDE AND ETHYLENE PRODUCTION OF McINTOSH APPLES AT HARVEST AND AFTER LONG STORAGE
Authors: MILLER S. R. , LOUGHEED E. C.
Published: March 2010

Applications of 750 and 1500 ppm Alar to mature McIntosh apple trees in late July delayed the preclimacteric minimum 9 to 15 days and first detection of ethylene 8 to 12 days, respectively. Both carbon dioxide and ethylene evolution from the treated fruit were lower at harvest with the largest differences occurring before the treated fruit reached the preclimacteric minimum. As the season progressed the differences became smaller. Fruit stored at 2 C until May produced carbon dioxide and ethylene at a greater rate after treatment with Alar. Fruit harvested one year after Alar was applied produced more carbon dioxide and ethylene. The residual effects of Alar on respiration and ethylene production are discussed in relation to commercial practice.
SEED SIZE, GERMINATION RESISTANCE AND SEEDLING VIGOR IN BARLEY
Authors: BOYD W. J. R. , GORDON A. G. , LACROIX L. J.
Published: March 2010

Marked differences in seedling vigor, as measured by dry weight two weeks after germination, have been demonstrated in F3 lines of a barley (Hordeum vulgare L. emend Lam.) cross between CI 5791 and Ming (CI 4797). These differences can be largely accounted for by differences in seed size, which is itself related to segregation for head type, and by differences in germination resistance. The latter character varies between cultivars and is itself influenced by seed size to some extent. It is concluded that, although seed size, directly and indirectly, can influence seedling vigor, inherent differences in this respect exist between barley cultivars. The significance of this is briefly considered.
INHERITANCE OF SUBCROWN INTERNODE LENGTH IN FOUR SPRING WHEAT CULTIVARS
Authors: McKENZIE HUGH
Published: March 2010

Inheritance of subcrown internode length was studied in crosses between the spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L., cultivars Thatcher, with a short internode, Cypress and Chinook, with internodes of intermediate length, and Rescue, with a long internode. The data show that Thatcher and Rescue differ by two genes, that Cypress and Chinook have essentially the same gene complement, and that Cypress and Chinook both differ from Thatcher by one gene and from Rescue by one gene. Dominance was absent in all crosses, but heterosis for long subcrown internode was evident in the F1 of crosses which involved Chinook.
EFFECT OF DOLOMITIC LIMESTONE APPLICATIONS ON THE STRAWBERRY CULTIVAR ’ACADIA’
Authors: Blatt C. R.
Published: March 2010

not available
TOTEM STRAWBERRY
Authors: Daubeny Hugh A.
Published: March 2010

not available
YUKON SWEETCLOVER
Authors: Goplen B. P.
Published: March 2010

not available
EVALUATION OF BROMEGRASS PROGENY FOR SPRING VIGOR, FALL GROWTH AND HAY YIELD
Authors: Gross A. T. H.
Published: March 2010

In 19 field tests of bromegrass, Bromus inermis Leyss., progeny were established in five different years and three traits were evaluated. Evaluation of spring vigor, fall growth and hay yield to characterize progeny performance was most effective in the second year. The two-year data gave positive correlations with three-year data exceeding 0.80 for spring vigor, yield, and, in 15 of 19 tests, fall growth. There was only a slight increase in effective evaluation when third-year data were obtained. Age of stand was more important than seasonal conditions in evaluating these traits from bromegrass progeny tests.
CENTRIFUGE ABSORPTION AND PROTEIN CONTENT AS INDICES OF WHEAT QUALITY
Authors: MILLER H. , FOWLER D. B.
Published: March 2010

Interrelationships of the wheat quality parameters, mixograph development, centrifuge absorption, protein content and loaf volume were investigated. Protein content has been shown to influence baking strength. Results of this investigation demonstrate that differences in the values obtained for the centrifuge absorption test reflect differences in protein quality. It is therefore possible, with centrifuge absorption and protein content data, to separate the effects of protein quality and protein quantity on baking strength. The Protab index, a new wheat strength factor which is derived from the combination of protein content and centrifuge absorption data, is introduced and evaluated.
INFLUENCE OF PLANT SIZE, DATE OF DIGGING AND DURATION OF COLD STORAGE ON THE GROWTH OF STRAWBERRY PLANTS
Authors: FREEMAN JACK A. , PEPIN H. S.
Published: March 2010

Plant size, date of digging and duration of cold storage were studied to determine their influence on the survival and growth of transplants of selected strawberry cultivars. Small runner plants (to 5 g fresh weight) dug at various times from mid-October through planting time resulted in unsatisfactory stands following cold storage. There were no significant differences in field survival, whether medium (5–10 g) or large (10 g and over) runner plants were used, but the large plants tended to produce a more vigorous stand. Runner plants of the cultivars British Sovereign and Siletz responded well to cold storage and subsequent field planting when dug in about mid-November. The digging of runners of Northwest cultivar before about December 1 proved unsatisfactory. Starch content in the root cortex of strawberry plants of the three cultivars was generally low in early fall, increasing in late fall and decreasing in spring at about the time of planting. A positive relationship between starch content of the strawberry roots at digging and subsequent field survival and growth was apparent only when weather conditions were less satisfactory for growth. Under such conditions, plants with low starch reserves showed poorer field survival and poorer growth.
RESPONSES OF CUCUMBER, ONION AND POTATO CULTIVARS TO OZONE
Authors: ORMROD D. P. , ADEDIPE N. O. , HOFSTRA G.
Published: March 2010

Cucumber, onion and potato plants were grown in the greenhouse. At 2 to 3 weeks from seeding they were fumigated with ozone for short periods. Observations on the development of leaf injury symptoms and of growth effects were made over a 4-week post-fumigation period. Generally, when the plants were fumigated with 100 pphm ozone for 1 hour, there were no marked responses. Fumigation at the same concentration for 4 hours resulted in a reduction in dry weight, accompanied by leaf injury symptoms. The magnitude of such effects varied with species and cultivars. Percent reduction in dry weight ranged up to 37 in cucumber, and 47 in onion. Inhibition of flowering of potato plants was accompanied by accelerated leaf senescence. Susceptibility of the species to ozone, in decreasing order, followed the sequence: onion, cucumber, potato. In each case there was at least one relatively tolerant cultivar.
STAND PATTERNS FOR ALFALFA–GRASS HAY PRODUCTION IN A DRY CLIMATE
Authors: KILCHER M. R. , HEINRICHS D. H.
Published: March 2010

Agropyron cristatum cv. Fairway, A. desertorum cv. Summit, A. intermedium cv. Chief, and Bromus inermis cv. Carlton were assessed for hay production when growing with Medicago media cv. Rambler in various stand patterns (mixed, cross rows and alternate rows) and various row spacings (30, 60 and 90 cm). The highest production over a five-year period occurred at a 60-cm row spacing, when the seeding pattern was either cross or alternate. These two patterns isolated the alfalfa from the grass and resulted in an increased yield contribution from the legume. Regardless of the grass species used, the production response of the alfalfa to stand patterns was similar.
A BENCH-MOUNTED MOWING MACHINE FOR TURF EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Moffatt J. E. , Bligh D. F. , Lebeau J. B.
Published: March 2010

not available
ALPHA AMYLASE DISTRIBUTION AND DDT RESPONSE IN CANADIAN BARLEY CULTIVARS
Authors: FEDAK GEORGE , RAJHATHY TIBOR
Published: March 2010

The heat-stable alpha amylase zymotype was studied by agar gel electrophoresis in 55 Canadian barley cultivars and most of their parents. A DC zymotype was found in 41 cultivars, DC1 in four, DC2C-DC polymorphism in nine and DC1-DC polymorphism in one. All cultivars were subjected to a foliar spray of DDT and all were found to be susceptible and monomorphic for this trait. These results are discussed in terms of cultivar identification, differences in frequency distribution of zymotypes between the European and Canadian material, and the introduction of these zymotypes into Canada.
COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS IN THE CULTIVATED STRAWBERRY
Authors: SPANGELO L. P. S. , WATKINS R. , HSU C. S. , FEJER S. O.
Published: March 2010

General and specific combining abilities were analyzed for total, marketable, early, and late yield, and for flower stalk number in a diallel cross of eight strawberry cultivars. Data were recorded from individual seedlings restricted to two runner plants, thereby eliminating variability resulting from differences in plant density. General and specific combining abilities for the five characters were highly significant. Estimates of general combining ability effects taken alone were, in general, of little value in predicting the order of desirability of individual crosses.
SWARD ASSESSMENT OF TEN IRRIGATED PASTURE MIXTURES IN SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: KILCHER M. R. , HEINRICHS D. H.
Published: March 2010

Ten grass-legume mixtures were evaluated for pasture production and growth distribution on irrigated land under high fertility levels. Yearling heifers weighing about 325 kg were used as the grazing animals. A mixture of Troy Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis, and Rambler alfalfa, Medicago media, was the best, followed by a mixture of reed canarygrass, Phalaris arundinacea, creeping red fescue, Festuca rubra, and Rambler alfalfa. Birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus, and white Dutch clover, Trifolium repens, proved to be inferior legumes to alfalfa in mixtures because they failed to persist beyond the third year. Carlton bromegrass, Bromus inermis, Chief intermediate wheatgrass, Agropyron intermedium, and Climax timothy, Phleum pratense, displayed poor growth distribution patterns, and the latter two tended to disappear from the stand in the fourth year after seeding.
COMPARISON OF THE NITRATE METABOLISM IN ORCHARDGRASS AND BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL
Authors: MELLOR G. E. , SHEARD R. W.
Published: March 2010

In a growth chamber and nutrient solution environment, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) produced more dry matter and responded to a higher level of NO3−-N in the media than birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Nitrate reductase was localized primarily in the root tips of L. corniculatus, but was found to be distributed throughout the roots and shoots of D. glomerata. Nitrate was reduced primarily in the shoots of D. glomerata but in the roots of L. corniculatus.
TEMPEST BUCKWHEAT
Authors: Ali-Khan S. T. , Kenaschuk E. O.
Published: March 2010

not available
EVALUATION OF SCREENING TESTS FOR QUALITY OF BREAD WHEAT
Authors: BAKER R. J. , CAMPBELL A. B.
Published: March 2010

Eight tests designed to screen early generations of wheat, Triticum aestivum L. em Thell., for breadmaking quality were evaluated. Sedimentation value, mixograph development time, centrifuge absorption and nitrogen content (in that order) were the most repeatable of the eight tests. Flour yield and starch damage were least repeatable. The heritability of mixograph development time was low because of a significant cultivar by year interaction. Nitrogen content, sedimentation value and centrifuge absorption were shown to contain all the information about loaf volume and farinograph absorption that was available in the set of eight tests. It was therefore concluded that nitrogen content, sedimentation value and centrifuge absorption are the most useful of the eight tests for purposes of plant breeding programs.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EPIDERMAL LAYER OF CARROT ROOTS GROWN ON PEAT AND MINERAL SOIL
Authors: CHIPMAN E. W. , FORSYTH F. R.
Published: March 2010

The epidermal layer of carrot roots grown on peat soil contained more ascorbic acid and less phenols, carotene, reducing sugars, and dry matter than those from a mineral soil. The increased level of phenol and the decreased level of the anti-oxidant ascorbic acid are the likely contributing causes of the increased browning of carrots in mineral soils relative to peat soils.
STUDY OF THE SEASONAL AND DAILY DISTRIBUTION OF SORBITOL AND RELATED CARBOHYDRATES WITHIN APPLE SEEDLINGS BY ANALYSIS OF SELECTED TISSUES AND ORGANS
Authors: CHONG CALVIN
Published: March 2010

Selected tissues and organs of apple (Malus pumila Mill.) seedlings were analyzed for sorbitol, sucrose, glucose, fructose, and starch in each of the months of June to October inclusive, 1969, and over a 24-hour period in July. The seedlings were artificially defoliated three weeks prior to the first sampling. High concentrations of sorbitol, in contrast to relatively small quantities of the sugars, were found in leaf, petiole, bark, and wood of both stem and root tissues, between July and October. There was also a tendency toward a decreasing leaf-to-stem concentration of these constituents. In June, low sorbitol levels were associated with unusually high concentrations of sucrose in root and stem tissues. Over the 24-hour period in July, the patterns in the distribution of the carbohydrate constituents in leaf, stem-bark, and root-bark were similar to those described between July and October. The maximum level of sorbitol occurred during the daytime. Substantial quantities of starch, increasing in concentration toward the root, were present throughout the season in all tissues below the leaf.
INFECTION OF YARLINGTON MILL FRUIT BY THE APPLE SCAB FUNGUS
Authors: FISHER R. W. , CORKE A. T. K.
Published: March 2010

In England, the red side of the fruit of the cider apple cultivar Yarlington Mill is more susceptible to apple scab, caused by Venturia inaequalis, than the green side. The skin of the red side was smoother and more easily wetted, contained less surface and embedded wax and more nitrogen, and had a thinner cuticle than the skin of the green side. These differences may affect the fungus at the penetration phase of infection.
EVALUATION OF NINE OAT VARIETIES AS PARENTS IN BREEDING FOR SHORT STOUT STRAW WITH HIGH GRAIN YIELD USING F1, F2, AND F3 BULKED PROGENIES
Authors: SAMPSON D. R.
Published: March 2010

Twenty-one oat hybrids from Stormont, Kelsey, and Dorval crossed with each other and with Tyler, Goodfield, Egdolon-26, Orbit, O.A. 123-91, and P.I. 193027 were evaluated in F2 and F3 field trials using index selection. Desired goals for plant height, stem diameter, 1000 kernel weight, and grain yield were defined in terms of lodging-resistance components similar to those of Stormont but with higher yield. Stormont × Orbit was the outstanding cross. General combining ability effects showed that the outstanding parents were Egdolon and Stormont for short stout stems, and Orbit for 1000 kernel weight and yield. Data from F1 spaced plants growing in an optimum environment was of no value for predicting F2 and F3 field performance. Midparent values, calculated from parents included in the field trials, were good predictors for stem dimensions and 1000 kernel weight, but were only fair predictors of progeny yields.
INFLUENCE DE LA FERTILISATION AZOTEE, PHOSPHATEE ET POTASSIQUE SUR L’INCORPORATION DES ACIDES AMINES AUX PROTEINES ET LES RENDEMENTS DE LA LUZERNE
Authors: NGUYEN S. T. , O’GRADY L. J. , OUELLETTE G. J. , PAQUIN R.
Published: March 2010

A well-balanced fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium decreases the free amino acid content of alfalfa, increases the incorporation of these amino acids into proteins, and betters the yield of that legume. Potassium appears to be required for the incorporation of amino acids into proteins, and potassium interaction with phosphorus should be taken into consideration to obtain maximum incorporation and yield. The influence of fertilizers on some of the most important amino acids in alfalfa is discussed.
RHIZOPUS ARRHIZUS CAUSING POLE ROT OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO IN ONTARIO
Authors: Gayed S. K.
Published: March 2010

not available
KANE ALFALFA
Authors: Hanna M. R.
Published: March 2010

not available
CONTROL OF THE ASTER LEAFHOPPER IN RELATION TO INCIDENCE OF ASTER YELLOWS AND EFFECTS ON SEED YIELD OF BARLEY
Authors: WESTDAL P. H. , RICHARDSON H. P.
Published: March 2010

Several contact and systemic insecticides were effective in reducing populations of the aster leafhopper. The reduced populations were associated with a reduced incidence of aster yellows in barley, flax, and lettuce and an increased seed yield of barley, particularly with insecticide treatments that provided good protection during the seedling stage.
ENERGY BALANCE OVER PRAIRIE GRASS
Authors: NKEMDIRIM LAWRENCE C. , YAMASHITA SHUJI
Published: March 2010

The energy balance over prairie grass was computed for four cloudless days using the Bowen ratio and the Fourier heat conduction equation. For the 3 advection-free days evaporation accounted for an average of 55% of daytime net radiation. Turbulent flux of heat and soil heat flux shared the remaining portion almost equally. Hourly evaporation can be related to net radiation by the empirical equation: E = 1.2 + 0.75 R cal cm−2 hr−1, where E is the evaporative flux and R the net radiation. The patterns of the soil heat flux was fairly steady from day to day. The relation between hourly flux of sensible heat and soil heat flux was linear on a daily basis. The linearity of the two fluxes when the hourly value for the whole period of investigation was pooled was poor. The proportion of net radiation used as latent flux and sensible flux showed large variability under advection conditions.
YIELD INCREASES FROM FROST CONTROL ON POTATO AND GARDEN PEA
Authors: GUBBELS G. H.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECTS OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON SPROUT FORMATION AND PLANT HEIGHT OF BRUSSELS SPROUTS
Authors: GUBBELS G. H.
Published: March 2010

Eight growth regulators were applied in the field to Brussels sprouts foliage. Succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide reduced stalk length and hastened maturity as much as manual topping and did not affect yield. Rates of 2000–4000 ppm were effective, the highest rates resulting in earliest maturity.
HEADING RESPONSE OF ORCHARDGRASS SEEDLINGS TO PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE
Authors: KOZUMPLIK V. , CHRISTIE B. R.
Published: March 2010

Floral induction of orchardgrass strains (Dactylis glomerata L.) can be completed in 4 weeks under 10-hr photoperiods at 10 C (21 C in some strains). Extending the induction treatment to 6 weeks resulted in earlier heading in one strain. In the same strain, induction at 10 C rather than 21 C resulted in a significant increase in percent heading, heads per plant, and total head yield per plant, but a decrease in weight per head. Different environmental conditions during the juvenile stage had no effect on postinduction development. During the postinduction stage, continuous light promoted earlier heading, greater weight per head, and higher head yield. A schedule for completing the life cycle of orchardgrass in 16–19 weeks is recommended.
EMERGENCE OF VOLLA BARLEY COATED WITH TRIPLE SUPERPHOSPHATE
Authors: CHIASSON T. C.
Published: March 2010

not available
SUNDANCE HARD RED WINTER WHEAT
Authors: GRANT M. N.
Published: March 2010

not available
TOMATO FRUIT-SET AT HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATURES
Authors: CHARLES W. B. , HARRIS R. E.
Published: March 2010

The effects of 10, 12.8, 18.3, and 26.7 C temperatures on flower production, fruit-set and size, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, and the height of stigma in the antheridial cone was determined in tomato lines selected for ability to set fruit at high or low temperatures. Low fruit-set at 10 and 12.8 C was due primarily to poor pollen viability and germination, and to a lesser extent to high stigma position in the antheridial cone. At 26.7 C, the high level of the stigma in the antheridial cone was the main factor reducing fruit-set but the low stigma receptivity was a factor in some selections.
ESTERASE ISOZYMES IN CANADIAN BARLEY CULTIVARS
Authors: FEDAK GEORGE , RAJHATHY TIBOR
Published: March 2010

Fifty-five currently licensed Canadian cultivars and some parental genotypes were analyzed by starch-gel electrophoresis for esterase isozyme patterns and extent of polymorphism for these isozymes. Each cultivar was assigned to one of nine different patterns observed. Fifty-one percent (28) of the cultivars exhibited polymorphic isozyme patterns. The polymorphism was a varietal characteristic and apparently not associated with the age of the cultivar or area of adaptability.
EFFECTS OF (2-CHLOROETHYL) TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE (CCC) ON CERTAIN AGRONOMIC TRAITS OF OATS AND TRITICALE
Authors: TENNENHOUSE A. N. , LACROIX L. J.
Published: March 2010

The effects of (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) on triticale (cult Rosner) and oats (cult Harmon, Rodney) was evaluated agronomically. In a greenhouse experiment, the application of CCC at rates of 3.0 and 6.0 kg/ha at the three-leaf stage did not decrease the mature height of oats; but the higher rate reduced the mature height of triticale. At the five-leaf stage, both rates reduced the mature height of both species. In a field experiment, CCC was applied only at the five-leaf stage. The mature heights of both species were reduced by a rate of 3.0 kg/ha and a significantly greater reduction was obtained with 6.0 kg/ha. These reductions were less under a high nitrogen regime. Lodging of oats, which occurred only under high nitrogen, was reduced by CCC, the higher rate reducing lodging more than the lower. Oat yields and 1000 kernel weights were not affected by treatment under either fertility regime; but the protein content of Rodney was depressed whereas that of Harmon was not. When no lodging occurred, CCC at 6.0 kg/ha increased triticale yields only on plots that received no nitrogen. Protein contents and 1000 kernel weights of triticale were unchanged in all treatments.
LEAD, ARSENIC, AND COPPER CONTENT OF CROPS GROWN ON LEAD ARSENATE-TREATED AND UNTREATED SOILS
Authors: CHISHOLM D.
Published: March 2010

Increased lead and arsenic concentrations in the surface soil (0–15 cm), resulting from applications of lead arsenate (PbHAsO4), increased both lead and arsenic levels in crops grown on treated plots. The lead levels in some crops approached or exceeded the Canadian residue tolerance of 2.0 ppm. Lead arsenate soil treatments did not affect copper absorption by crops. On areas such as old orchard land contaminated with lead arsenate residues it may be advisable to ascertain the soil lead status before planting certain crops, and also to determine the lead affinity and arsenic sensitivity of the plants to be grown.
TECHNIQUES USED IN PRODUCING WASCANA WHEAT
Authors: HURD E. A. , TOWNLEY-SMITH T. F. , PATTERSON L. A. , OWEN C. H.
Published: March 2010

not available
SELECTION OF AN "OPTIMUM" TIME TO HARVEST LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY FRUIT
Authors: AALDERS L. E. , STARK R. , HALL I. V. , JACKSON L. P. , PENNEY B. G. , RAYMENT A. F.
Published: March 2010

A field study at Nappan, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, was conducted over a 3-year period, 1969–71, to determine the optimum date of harvest for the lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.). For each of the 3 years, from 70 to 80% of the fruits were ripe by August 10 and by August 30 more than 90% were ripe. The data obtained suggest that the total yield by number of ripe fruit would not appreciably be reduced, particularly in years with above-normal heat units, by advancing the season approximately 5 days earlier than has normally been done. Earlier picked fruit has tougher skin that would result in a greater number of whole fruits in processed products. Raking early would increase the percentage of green fruit and therefore increase cleaning costs slightly. Data were also collected during the years 1953–71 at Avondale, Newfoundland. These show a great variation between years in the maturity date of the fruit, but 80% are usually ripe in that province by mid-September.
A SELECTIVE ANTIDOTE FOR PREVENTION OF EPTC INJURY IN CORN
Authors: CHANG F. Y. , BANDEEN J. D. , STEPHENSON G. R.
Published: March 2010

A new herbicide antidote, N,N-diallyl-2, 2-dichloro acetamide (hereafter referred to as R-25788) used in combination with EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate), as seed treatments or as mixed sprays, protected corn (Zea mays L.) from herbicide injury in growth room and field trials. In growth room tests R-25788 gave partial protection from EPTC injury to sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) but not to winter rape (Brassica napus L.), turnip (Brassica rapa L.), white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), lambsquarter (Chenopodium album L.), crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.), and green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.). The antidote alone did not affect the crops or weeds.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON ETHYLENE EVOLUTION FROM ETHEPHON
Authors: LOUGHEED E. C. , FRANKLIN E. W.
Published: March 2010

The initial quantity of ethylene released from ethephon applied to tomato fruits and plants was directly related to temperature. Increases in temperature initially increase ethylene evolution but this response was followed in turn by a depression in production. Greater efficiency was obtained with application of ethephon to tomato foliage as opposed to application to the fruit.