bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERILAKU MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEMANFAATAN BANK SAMPAH DI KELURAHAN KAPASA RAYA KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Fiermanzah Fiermanzah , Syafar Muhammad , Yusuf Andi , Juhanto Asrijun
Published: December 2021

Sampah merupakan bahan padat buangan dan hasil sampingan dari kegiatan manusiayang berasal dari kegiatan rumah tangga, pasar perkantoran, rumah penginapan, hotel, rumah makan, industri, puingan bahan bangunan dan besi-besi tua bekas kendaraan bermotor. Sampah atau waste adalah zat-zat atau benda-benda yang sudah tidak dapat dipakai lagi oleh manusia, baik berupa bahan bangunan yang berasal dari rumah tangga maupun pabrik sebagai sisa proses industri. Tujuan penelitian ini Untuk Menganalisis Yang Mempengaruhi Perilaku Masyarakat Terhadap Pemanfaatan  Bank Sampah  Di Kelurahan Kapasa Raya Kota Makassar Tahun 2020.  Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian survei analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional, yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh melalui cara pendekatan observasi dan pengumpulan data. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 96 menggunakan tehnik random sampling dengan rumus slovin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh antara pengetahuan p=(0.000), tidak ada pengaruh antara sikap p=(0.399), ada pengaruh yang ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara kesediaan memilah sampah p=(0.002), tidak ada pengaruh antara peran petugas kesehatan p=(0.0388), tidak ada pengaruh antara tokoh masyarakat p=(0.080),ada pengaruh antara dukungan keluarga p=(0.000) dengan perilaku masyarakat terhadap pemanfaatan bank sampah, Berdasarkan analisis multivariat variabel yang dominan paling berpengaruh yakni pengetahuan p=(0.028) dan Dukungan keluarga p=(0.002). Saran penelitian ini Sekiranya pemerintah kelurahan setempat rutin memberikan penyuluhan dan mengevaluasi perilaku masyarakat terhadap pemanfaatan bank sampah
UJI KEMAMPUAN DAUN TEH HIJAU (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) DALAM MEMATIKAN NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ELEKTRIK ALAT HIT (STUDI EKSPERIMEN)
Authors: Maulana Nurismi , Zaenab Zaenab
Published: December 2021

Angka kasus kejadian penyakit DBD mengalami peningkatan secara drastis dalam waktu beberapa tahun terakhir. Nyamuk Aedes aegypti adalah jenis nyamuk penyebab penyakit DBD. Pengendalian nyamuk yang sering dilakukan yaitu dengan menggunakan insektisida kimiawi, penggunaan instektisida kimiawi akan menimbulkan resistensi nyamuk Aedes aegypti, dan dapat menimbulkan efek bagi kesehatan serta tidak ramah lingkungan berbeda jika menggunakan insektisida alami, tentunya lebih ramah lingkungan dan aman bagi kesehatan. Salah satu instektisida alami yaitu  ekstrak daun teh hijau mengandung bahan aktif polifenol, flavonoid, tanin, saponin dan Alkaloid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan ekstrak daun teh hijau dalam mematikan nyamuk Aedes aegypti dengan berbagai variasi konsentrasi yaitu 60%,80% dan 100%. Metode penelitian yang digunakan bersifat eksperimen dengan metode elektrik (alat hit) dengan berbagai variasi konsentrasi yaitu konsentrasi 60% , 80% dan 100% dan kontrol yang dipaparkan pada 25 ekor nyamuk Aedes aegypti pada setiap konsentrasi,selama 2 jam dengan interval setiap 15 menit (0-15 menit, 15-30 menit, 30-45 menit, 45-60 menit, 60-75 menit, 75-90 menit, 90-105 menit, dan 105-120 menit),replikasi sebanyak 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukan rata-rata kematian nyamuk Aedes aegypti pada konsentrasi 60% sebanyak 18 ekor (72%), konsentrasi 80% sebanyak 22 ekor (88%) dan konsentrasi 100% sebanyak 25 ekor (100%). Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan konsentrasi yang paling efektif adalah 100%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil penelitian membuktikan ekstrak daun teh hijau mampu memenuhi  dalam mematikan nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Adapun manfaat yang bisa diterapkan pada penelitian ini yaitu masyarakat dapat menggunakan ekstrak daun teh hijau dalam mematikan nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Kata kunci : Ekstrak daun teh hijau (camelia sinensis);Nyamuk Aedes aegypti
To the problem of "polyphony of consciousness" in the context of the aesthetics of constructivism
Authors: Ishchenko Katerina
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is to trace the peculiarities of the phenomenon of "polyphony of consciousness" as one of the main patterns of artistic thinking of the early twentieth century, which became widespread in various arts and reflected artistic and aesthetic trends of such a bright movement of the first avant-garde as constructivism. On the examples of music, literature, theater, cinema, fine art to reveal this phenomenon as an important manifestation of the aesthetics of constructivism. In selected works of art, to identify and consider characteristics of the musical text polyphonic techniques, which in turn have been widely used and reflected the individual stylistic features of representatives of different spheres of creativity of the period. The methodological basis of this study is a comprehensive approach, which contains historical and cultural, stylistic, and holistic methods of analysis. The theoretical method acquires special significance among them, as it is aimed at identifying the principles of writing in various fields of art. The scientific novelty of this work is based on the originality of the generalized study of the phenomenon of "polyphony of consciousness". This phenomenon is being considered as an important manifestation of the aesthetics of constructivism, based on the examples of music, literature, theater, cinema, and fine arts. Such an understanding of the implementation of the polyphonic principles of writing in the context of such an artistic movement as constructivism is undertaken for the first time in Ukrainian musicology. Conclusions. Experiments and searches of the artists of the early twentieth century in the fields of expression, content, composition, and language that "provoked" the development of stylistic pluralism in all spheres of art, strengthened the role of polyphonic principles of writing, and, more broadly, artistic thinking. Polyphonic techniques find their place in the trends of the aesthetics of constructivism, going beyond the musical texture and penetrating into all kinds of art. Polyphony and its principle of combining self-developing lines, voices, and layers, was perhaps the most important means of artistic reflection of the contradictions of the world, as well as the direction of the search in the field of content and means of expression.
DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATIONS
Authors: Kopaneva Victoria , Kostenko Leonid , Symonenko Tetyana
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is to generalize the patterns of phenomena and processes of social communications and to develop on this basis their unified mathematical model. The methodology is a systematic, infometric, and synergetic approaches to the development of mathematical principles of socialcommunication. The first one (systematic) is to generalize the empirical patterns of scaling in librarianship, linguistics, and science. The second one (infometric) is to obtain an analytical description of the quantitative relationship between the subjects and objects of social communications, the thirdone (synergetic) is to create their unified mathematical model. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the development of ideas about the large-scale invariance of phenomena and processes of social communications, which are approximated by the empirical laws of Bradford, Lotka, and Zipf. A comprehensive analysis of these patterns was performed, and it was stated that they differ only in areas of use, and we should raise the question of establishing a unified mathematical model of these patterns. The necessity of using stable laws of distribution of probability theory for the analytical description of the phenomenon of scaling and self-organization of social communication processes was substantiated. It was found that the considered processes are described by a stable distribution law with a characteristic coefficient equal to the constant of the golden section. Conclusions. Bradford’s lawof concentration and scattering of information, Zipf’s linguistic-statistical law, and Lotka’s law of distribution of scientists by publishing activity are manifestations of latent relations between subjects and objects of social communication (authors, publications, terminology, etc.). Clarifying these hidden relationships and defining the mathematical apparatus for their accurate description and analysis, as was done in the study, will ensurethe development of the scientific base of social communications and the transition from approximation to analytical research in this area.Key words: social communications, mathematical models, scale invariance, probability theory, stable distributions, self-organization.
LAPROSCOPIC MYOMECTOMY VERSUS OPEN MYOMECTOMY FOR UTERINE FIBROIDS
Authors: Bhopale Suvarna Samir
Published: December 2021

Fibroids are common benign tumours arising in the uterus.Myomectomy is the surgical treatment of choice forwomenwith symptomatic fibroids who prefer or want uterine conservation. Myomectomy can be performed by laparoscopy or open myomectomy. Aim of study is to determine the benefits and harms of laparoscopic myomectomy compared with open myomectomy.It is a comparative study conductedover 1 year in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, GMC ,Akola,Maharashtra . 50 patients were included in study who were having uterine fibroid. Subjects were explained about surgery as treatment.30 subject undergone Laproscopic myomectomy and 20 subjects undergone open myomectomy.The clinical data of patients who underwent OM and LM was analyzed. The data recorded comprised patientdemographic information and clinical characteristics includingage, weight, type, and size of myoma and myomectomyindications; and perioperative data including estimation ofblood loss, duration of surgery, complications, and lengthof hospital stay.

Keywords: Laproscopic myomectomy (LM), open myomectomy(OM), uterine fibroid.
“COVID 19- Two Waves & More” What Have We Learnt?
Authors: Sarkar Manuj Kumar , Dey Subhra , Munshi Boudhayan Das
Published: December 2021

The first case of SARS-CoV2 admitted on 26th December 2019 in Central Hospital, Wuhan, China. Broncho-alveolar lavage and Polymerase chain reaction of the aspirate showed high abundance of a viral RNA which has 89.1 % nucleotide identity with bat coronavirus previously isolated in China. Soon human to human transmission was observed and the outbreak started spreading. World Health Organisation on 11th March 2020 declared it as pandemic. COVID 19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, a disease we are still struggling to contain. With vaccination drive throughout the world, though the severity in re-infection has come down, but there is still threat by the various variants which are arising from time to time in various countries. The most effective way of preventing the spread of the virus is to keep physical distance from others of at least 1 meter, wearing a well fitted mask, keep hands clean and use hand sanitizer frequently, stay in well ventilated place, avoid crowded place and cough into bent elbow or tissue paper and get vaccinated when once’s turn comes. Therefore, we urge people to follow COVID appropriate behaviour properly.

Keywords: COVID 19, SARS-CoV2, COVID appropriate behaviour, Social Distancing
High Data Security Using Asymmetric Key Cryptography and Linguistic Method Steganography
Authors:   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Oman, Venumula Shravankumar , Ramadoss Senthil ,   Department of Soft Computing, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Oman
Published: December 2021

This paper recommended response is to receive encrypted sensitive text data on personal data electronics that take control of the combination of both procedures: Steganography and cryptography. The security of the system is provided through the contribution of video-based asymmetric key cryptography followed by two sequential layers of steganography to insure security also with the best positive effects out of the latter. The experiment modeled the method and simulated it. It was developed to be studied to analyze the relationship. Between protection, skill, and concentration on data. The studies require data retention checking apps of 10 various widths showing fun video effects. The report provides capacity changes with protection, as an undesirable tradeoff enforced. The uniqueness of the work is presented in the showcase of different measures that make it hard for the service provider and the application to choose the maker of the decision. The tests given are all 1-LSB privacy awareness possibilities, 2-LSB and 3-LSB methods that detail their video interaction on the cover. The core results demonstrate to be the applicability of the 3-LSB method to be enacted offers good adequate safeguards with realistic skill preferred to win 3-LSB for 1- LSB and 2-LSB techniques
Effects of Hip Muscle Resistance Training With and Without Feedback on Trunk, Pelvis, and Lower Extremity Motions
Authors:   Department of Sport Injury and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran., Hadadnezhad Malihe , Sheikhi Bahram ,   Department of Sport Injury and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The present study aimed to compare hip muscle resistance training with and without feedback on trunk, pelvis, and lower extremity motions in frontal and sagittal planes among active females with dynamic valgus. Materials and Methods: Twenty-Nine active females (Mean±SD age: 22.8±2.4 years, height: 1.70±0.6 m, weight: 69±7.1 kg) were randomly assigned to a hip muscle resistance training with feedback group (n=15) or a hip muscle resistance training without feedback group (n=14). Both training programs lasted 6 weeks (3 sessions/week). The peak angles of lateral trunk flexion, contralateral pelvic drop, hip ﬂexion, knee ﬂexion, and valgus during single-leg drop landing and single-leg vertical drop jump were assessed in the research participants at baseline and 6 weeks post-training. Unipodal functional screening tests were captured with two standard digital video cameras. Results: After 6 weeks, significant differences were observed in knee valgus and lateral trunk flexion, contralateral pelvic drop, and knee flexion angles, i.e., compared between hip muscle resistance training with feedback and hip muscle resistance training without feedback (P<0.05), except for non-dominant leg hip flexion in single-leg vertical drop jump (P>0.05). Conclusion: In the explored active females with dynamic valgus, hip muscle resistance training with feedback seems to be better at improving trunk, pelvis, and lower extremity motions in frontal and sagittal planes, compared to hip muscle resistance training without feedback; however, no significant difference was observed concerning hip flexion during single-leg vertical drop jump between the study groups.
The Effects of Music Intensity on Performance and Cardiovascular Responses in Athletes
Authors:   Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Torkamandi Paria , Akbarnejad Ali ,   Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Gaeini Abbas Ali ,   Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Gharecheshmei Ghahremanloo Ali ,   Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of different musical intensities on performance and cardiovascular responses after incremental exercise in male athletes. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study with a cross-over design, 15 male athletes were voluntarily selected. The study subjects performed Bruce protocol, along with listening to progressive music, slow music, and without music until exhaustion. Results: This study indicated that systolic and diastolic blood pressure, maximum oxygen consumption, maximum heart rate, and time to exhaustion insignificantly decreased while listening to slow music, compared to the no music (P=0.134, P=0.993, P=0.999, P=0.160, P=0.819, respectively). Furthermore, while listening to progressive music, compared to no music, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as maximum heart rate insignificantly increased (P=0.735, P=0.999, P=0.496, respectively); the maximum oxygen consumption and the time of exhaustion significantly increased in the study subjects (P=0.043, P=0.008 respectively). Moreover, while listening to progressive music, compared to slow music, the systolic blood pressure, maximum oxygen consumption, maximum heart rate, and the time of exhaustion significantly increased (P=0.004, P=0.009, P=0.002, P=0.001 respectively); however, diastolic blood pressure presented an insignificant decrease (P=0.253). Conclusion: The obtained findings revealed that listening to progressive music can affect physiological factors and performance during exercising. It increases the athlete’s motivation and postpones the time to exhaustion to continue exercising; however, listening to slow music creates a state of relaxation during exercise and reduces heart rate. As a result, individuals with hypertension can decline their blood pressure during endurance exercise by listening to soft music.
Resilience and Emotional Reactions to Failure Mediated by Self-compassion and Emotion Regulation in Martial Artists
Authors:   Department of Motor Behavior and Sports Psychology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Mohebi Mahmoud , Gharayagh Zandi Hassan ,   Department of Motor Behavior and Sports Psychology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Besharat Mohammad Ali ,   Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Ghayour Najafabadi Mahboubeh ,   Department of Motor Behavior and Sports Psychology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The present study aimed to examine a proposed model for the relationship between resilience and emotional reactions to failure, mediated by self-compassion and Emotion Regulation (ER) among martial artists. Materials and Methods: A total of 286 athletes (191 males & 95 females; Mean±SD age: 20.98±3.30 years) from different disciplines of martial arts (taekwondo, karate, Judo, & wushu) engaged in league championship participated in the study. Athletes completed the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). The proposed model was evaluated using structural equation modeling. Results: The obtained results revealed that resilience has direct and indirect effects on emotional reactions to failure. Furthermore, self-compassion and maladaptive ER play a partial negative mediating role between resilience and emotional reactions to failure. However, the mediating role of adaptive ER was not significant. Conclusion: The study data predicted negative emotional reactions to failure based on resilience, mediated by self-compassion and ER among martial artists; thus, these data indicate the necessity of paying attention to the development of resilience in martial artists. This method emphasizes self-compassion and the reduction of maladaptive ER for better recovery of failure and reduces its effects.
Longitudinal Kinetic and Kinematic Changes in Functional Tasks After Reconstructing Anterior Cruciate Ligament: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Department of Sport Injury and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Imam Reza University, Mashhad, Iran., Sharafoddin-Shirazi Fatemeh , Letafatkar Amir ,   Department of Sport Injury and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi Universit, Tehran, Iran., Gholami Zohreh ,   Department of Sport Injury and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Karaj, Iran.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The return to sport after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) is among the main issues encountered by rehabilitation medicine, injured athletes, and coaches. A main factor preventing safe return to sports is a biomechanical asymmetry between the limbs during reconstruction, which plays a significant role in the risk of re-injury. Accordingly, injury-related biomechanical changes were systematically examined in individuals with ACLR as performed functional tasks. Materials and Methods: Articles relevant to biomechanical asymmetries between (ACLR & uninjured) limbs in English were searched in the Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed MEDLINE, and Scopus databases without time limit until 2021, using the following keywords: “Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction”, “ACL reconstruction”, “biomechanical”, “Kinetic”, “Kinematic”, and “Asymmetry”. Results: In total, 122 articles were found, of which 18 met the inclusion (PRISMA) criteria. Most of the kinetic and kinematic parameters were observed in the intervals of 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months after ACLR between the athletes’ vertical Ground Reaction Force (vGRF), peak hip abduction moment, peak knee valgus angle, peak knee flexion moment and angle, during the functional tasks; also changes were detected in the articles up to 28 months, although research in this area was limited. Conclusion: The present systematic review suggested that biomechanical variables may vary among the limbs of patients with ACLR, between 18 and over 28 months. Accordingly, an asymmetry between the limbs increases the risk of re-injury. Therefore, a better understanding of the biomechanics of the limbs in the time intervals after ACLR can provide a safer and sooner return to sports activities.
Effects of A 12-Week Rebound Therapy Exercise on Energy Consumption and Body Mass Index in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors:   Department of Corrective Exercise and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran., Sadeghi Morteza , Ghasemi Gholam Ali ,   Department of Corrective Exercise and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran., Karimi Mohammad Taghi ,   Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Energy Consumption (EC) and Body Mass Index (BMI) are the major complications associated with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), which can be improved by exercise rehabilitation. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of using rebound therapy (exercise on a trampoline) on EC and BMI in individuals with SCI. Materials and Methods: Sixteen individuals with SCI (ASIA classification: A=6, B=6, C=2, D=2) were selected and randomly divided into two groups of experimental (rebound exercise) and control. The experimental group performed the exercise program by a modified trampoline for 12 weeks (10-30 minutes; 3 sessions a week). EC was measured by the Physiological Cost Index (PCI) and BMI was calculated by standard formula before and after the exercise intervention. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed by Repeated-Measures Analysis of Variance (RM-ANOVA) in SPSS. Results: The results of RM-ANOVA revealed significant interaction in both criteria (P<0.01). In other words, the experimental group changes were substantial, compared to that of the control group. Conclusion: The collected results indicated that rebound therapy could, in effect, improve the SCI individuals’ EC and BMI. Furthermore, it was suggested that rebound exercise can be a useful sports rehabilitation method for patients with SCI.
The Effect of Eight Weeks Aquatic Therapy on Quality of Life, Movement Performance and Pain in Men With Fibromyalgia
Authors:   Department of Sport Injury and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education & Sports Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran., Sajedi Sabegh Mohsen , Nasermelli Mohammad Hosein ,   Department of Sport Injury and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education & Sports Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran., Ganji Namin Behnaz ,   Department of Sport Injury and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education & Sports Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
Published: December 2021

Background and Aims: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a watercourse on the quality of life, pain, balance, and handgrip in men with fibromyalgia. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental. The statistical population consists of men 40-50 years old with fibromyalgia in Tehran City. Among the available subjects who were purposefully selected, 30 were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (15 in each group). Quality of life was measured using the SF-36 questionnaire, perceived pain severity by visual grading scale, and strength using a manual dynamometer. Results: The results showed that 8 weeks of water exercise had a significant effect on the quality of life (P=0.0001), pain (P=0.0001), and strength gain in men with fibromyalgia (P=0.0001). Conclusion: Water exercise can improve men’s quality of life, strength, and pain perception with fibromyalgia.
The Effect of Two Methods of Aerobic and Parallel Training on Selected Blood Biomechanical Variables in Bilateral Femoral Artery in the 40-65-Year Old Patients After Coronary Angioplasty
Authors:   Department of Sports Physiology and Biomechanics, Faculty of physical education and Sports Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Baghban Baghdadabad Masumeh , Sadeghi Heydar ,   Department of Sport Biomechanics and Injuries, Faculty of physical education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran., Matinhomaee Hasan ,   Department of Sports Physiology and Biomechanics, Faculty of physical education and Sports Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Sokhangoii Yahya ,   Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2021

Background and Aims: Considering the exclusive effects of different training programs on structural, functional, and physiological responses of heart, vessels, and blood, cardiac rehabilitation programs have rehabilitated and therapeutic usage after heart attacks or angioplasty to reduce the rate of deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases. The research aims to examine the effects of two methods, aerobic and parallel exercises, on selected biomechanical variables of blood in the bilateral femoral artery in patients 40-65 years old after coronary angioplasty. Methods: The research method is semi-experimental and prospective. The research was performed as pretest-posttest, with 90 male and female patients with coronary heart disease who had undergone angioplasty divided into three experiments (aerobic and parallel) and control groups. Forty minutes of aerobic exercise based on the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines followed by 20 minutes of resistance training twice a week was performed in the parallel exercise group. The Mean±SD was used for data description, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used for reviewing data distribution, Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric and Mann–Whitney post hoc test were used for abnormal variables, and ANOVA, Welch’s test, and Tukey post-hoc test were used for standard variables at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results showed a significant difference in diastolic blood pressure of the left femoral after performing aerobic and parallel exercises. A significant difference was also seen in the velocity of blood flow in the left femoral’s diastole phase and blood pressure of the left femoral in the systole phase after performing parallel exercises. Comparing the effect of two training methods on selected biomechanical variables of blood, no significant difference was observed between the two methods. Conclusion: It is recommended to use the beneficial effects of aerobic and parallel exercises to improve biomechanical variables of blood with appropriate intensity and duration in patients 40 to 65 years old following coronary angioplasty.
Comparison of the Effect of Corrective Exercises With and Without Suit Therapy on Gait Kinematic and Balance in Autism Children With Toe Walking
Authors:   Department of Sport Sciences, School of Sport Medicine, Kish International Campus, Tehran University, Kish, Iran., Khodadadi Majid , Minoonejad Hooman ,   Department of Sport Medicine and Health, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran., Moghadas Tabrizi Yusef ,   Department of Sport Medicine and Health, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2021

Background and Aims: Autism is an evolutional syndrome that causes social and interactional disorders and changes movement patterns. Corrective exercises can positively affect gait and balance in autistic children. The suit therapy is jointed with hooks and elastic bands that balance pressure and support muscles and joints. This study compares the effect of corrective exercise with and without suit therapy on gait kinematic and balance in autistic children with toe walking. Methods: A group of 30 autistic boys with toe walking (Mean±SD: age= 5.7±1.7 years, height= 106.4±19.5 cm, and weight= 20.8±5.8 kg) were chosen voluntarily and purposefully in this study and then randomly assigned into two groups of with and without suit therapy. Both groups received 8 weeks of corrective exercises, including 5 sessions per week, each session for 2 hours. The cases gait kinematic (Tree dimensional movement analysis) and balance (Tinetti) were evaluated in the pre and posttest. Paired and independent t-test were used for statistical analyses using SPSS v. 16. Results: The result revealed a significant difference in the gait kinematic between the two groups. Treatment in the corrective exercises group with suit therapy was significantly more effective in stride length (P=0.001), step length (P=0.001), step width (P=0.021), walking speed (P=0.001), ankle dorsiflexion in stance (P=0.001), and swing (P=0.001) phase than that corrective exercises without suit therapy group. But between these two groups, no significant difference was observed in stride time (P=0.444), cadence (P=0.361), deviation foot (P=0.614), and hip flexion (P=0.135). The results of the study also showed no significant difference in balance (P=0.927) between groups. Conclusion: Corrective exercises with suit therapy are more effective than ones without suit therapy. Therefore, corrective exercises sessions with suit therapy are suggested for autistic boys with toe walking.
The Effects of 8 Weeks TRX Exercises and Core Stability in the Stable Level on the Landing Pattern, the Stability of the Core Area and Balance of Girls Football Players
Authors:   Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran., Mokhtari Fard Zahra , Sabbagh Langeroudi Mehdi ,   Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
Published: December 2021

Background and Aims: This study aimed at the effects of 8 weeks TRX exercises and core stability exercises in the stable level on the landing pattern, the stability of the core area, and the balance of girls football players. Methods: Thirty athletes with trunk defects were screened by Tuck Jump test and selected as a statistical sample. Finally, assigned to two groups of 15 subjects at a stable level and varying level training. Both groups participated in pretest and post-test. Both groups training sessions for 8 weeks and three weeks each week on core stability training at both sustained (stable) and unstable (TRX). This study used the core stability practice protocol in the training section at a stable and unstable level. The static and dynamic balance were evaluated by BESS and Y tests, respectively. McGill’s endurance tests also evaluated the endurance of the core region. In addition, landing mechanics were assessed using the Landing Error Score System test. ANCOVA test was used to compare the differences between the research variables by two types of training. The stability of the core body was used in two groups of training (stable and TRX) and a t-test for correlating the changes within the group. Results: The results of the analysis of t-test showed that in the results of the stable training (P≤0.001) and TRX (P≤0.001) effect on score of the error of landing error, LESS, flexion 60 °, Sorensen, Right Plank, static balance and total dynamic balance score. In the post-test, there are significant differences between the two groups in the TRX and stable levels in LESS, Sorensen, static balance in the state stand on two legs on a soft surface and stand in the Tandem on a soft surface (P≤0.05). Conclusion: the results of this study showed that the use of core stability training at a stable and unstable level by helping to improve the landing jump activity, as well as improving muscular balance and endurance, can be eliminated by modifying some of the risk factors associated with an ACL injury to prevent Lower limb non-limiting injury in athletes with trunk defects.
Effect of Lower Extremity Fatigue on Knee Joint Kinematics During Landing Maneuvers in Adult Soccer Players
Authors:   Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Khazaee Zahra , Gheitasi Mehdi ,   Department of Health & Rehabilitation in Sport, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Barati Amir Hosein ,   Department of Health & Rehabilitation in Sport, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2021

Background and Aims: Since fatigue in different regions of the lower extremities can effectively alter the movement pattern of this part of the body and cause joint-related kinematic changes that increase the risk of injury and mental fatigue, which may be a factor in reducing productivity and injury. Therefore, the study of kinematic changes during fatigue can have helpful results. This study aimed to investigate the effect of lower extremity fatigue on knee joint kinematics during landing in adult soccer players. Methods: Ten adult male soccer players (Mean±SD = age: 20.7±1.05 years; Height: 178.9±4.17 cm; Weight: 71.55±8.04 kg) participated in this study. Subjects performed a pre-test, which included jumping and landing on a 40-cm box, and recording cameras of the valgus motion analyzer, flexion, and knee rotation. The Kingtools section of the plugin software attached to the Cortex software was used for segmentation and kinematic information. The lower extremity fatigue protocol consisted of 10 repetitions of single-leg squats up to 90 degrees of knee flexion, 20 vertical jumps with a single leg, and 1 repetition of step –going up and down a 31cm step. The Borg scale was used to measure fatigue. Before and after the fatigue protocol, a single-leg hop was used to determine the level of fatigue. After the fatigue protocol, a post-test was performed. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality of the data, and paired t-test was used to compare mean in pre-test and post-test independent variables. Results: The paired t-test results for comparison of kinematic data showed that contact flexion had a significant difference from pre-test to post-test and other kinematic variables had no significant changes from pre-test to post-test. Statistical significance was considered at P≤0.05. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that lower extremity fatigue in the present study partly caused kinematic changes in predicting ACL injury. Kinematic changes have included a decrease in Contact flexion, which is one of the predictors of ACL injury during landing.
The Comparison of Eight Weeks of HIIT and BFR on Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Angiogenesis Markers in Vastus Lateralis Muscle of Amateur Male Runners
Authors:   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran., Alavi Seyyed Yaser , Mirdar Shadmehr ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
Published: December 2021

Background and Aims Post-exercise Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) is a novel training method that, through alterations to the haemodynamic, metabolic, and hypoxic stimulus, could augment skeletal muscle adaptation in endurance-trained individuals. This study aimed to compare the effect of eight weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and BFR on PGC-1α and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) as mitochondrial biogenesis and angiogenesis biomarkers, respectively, in amateur male runners. Methods In the current study, 15 runners (Meas±SD of age: 23±3 years; height: 172±5 cm; weight: 73±4 kg: BMI: 23±1.7 kg/m2) voluntarily participating in this study were divided into three groups: 1-Control 2-HIIT and 3-HIIT+BFR or BFR. The experimental groups performed three sessions a week (six trials each session) for eight weeks. The biopsy samples were collected from the vastus lateralis muscle at the first and end of eight weeks. The protein expression levels of the PGC-1α and VEGF were studied by immunohistochemical method. Data analysis was performed using the one-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), and a significance level of P<0.05 was considered. Results The findings showed that PGC-1α values were significantly increased in the HIIT and BFR groups (54.9% and 60.85%, respectively) compared to the control group, as well as VEGF levels were 51.31% and 57.52%, respectively (P<0.05). There were also significant differences between experimental groups in the protein expressions (P<0.05). Conclusion Given that activation of VEGF from the PGC-1 pathway is part of cellular-molecular mechanisms of high-intensity interval training, It seems that the combination of intense interval training and BFR can effectively affect the process of angiogenesis in the vastus lateralis muscle of amateur runners.
Precedent Phenomena: Transformation Processes
Authors: Svistun T. I. , Ilyicheva I. L.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The precedent phenomenon in the title of a journalistic article is one of the characteristic features of the modern Belarusian mass media discourse. The article examines the pecularities of transformation processes of precedent phenomena in republican and regional newspapers.

Methodology and sources. The theoretical basis of this research was formed by the works in the field of discourse theory (T. van Dijk, T. G. Dobrosklonskaya, V. E. Chernyavskaya), as well as the theory of intertextuality and precedence (M. M. Bakhtin, Y. Kristeva, R. Bart, I. V. Arnold, D. B. Gudkov). In the course of the study, a structural and semantic analysis of the headings and a content analysis of the articles of Belarusian newspapers were carried with the focus on difference between center and periphery. The research material was the republican and regional newspapers of Belarus in the period from 2017 to 2020 years (a total of 400 articles with heading complexes).

Results and discussion. The activity of precedent information in the Belarusian journalism of the period under review is evidenced by numerous references, allusions, intertextual inclusions recorded in various republican and regional media, both unchanged and transformed. In the case of transformation, the elements of the original text, name, statement, situation can be shortened, replaced or addition may take place. 

In some cases, to draw attention to the media text, the author uses transformations not only at the lexical, but also at the phonetic, morphemic, syntactic levels. In general, transformed precedent phenomena prevail in Belarusian publications (about 75 %). The most subject to transformation are precedent statements and texts, and the least – situations. These tendencies are typical for both republican and regional publications.

Conclusion. The application of the precedent phenomenon actualizes the background knowledge of the reader, referring to the phenomena that have already received a certain interpretation and assessment. The transformation of the precedent phenomenon allows you to link information about the event or the fact described by the author with the information already available in the linguo-cognitive base, updating and multiplying it, expanding and enriching the communicative space.
THE IMPROVEMENT MECHANICAL BRAKE SYSTEM OF THE PASSENGER СAR
Authors: Ravlyuk V. , Derevianchuk Y. , Pohorielov S.
Published: December 2021

A set of theoretical scientific researches is carried out in the work, which proves that with the use of different types of brake pads in passenger cars some elements of the typical design of the mechanical brake system need to be modernized. Analytical calculations of the brake lever transmission of passenger cars are performed on the basis of the 2D scheme-model. Due to this, ways to improve the most important elements of lever transmission in passenger cars under the conditions of composite pads are proposed. The analysis of the forces acting in the typical design of the lever transmission of a passenger car for different types of pads is performed. The strength of important elements of the mechanical brake system is calculated by applying the finite element method. It is proposed to use the capabilities of the software package Femap Siemens PLM Software, which allows you to optimize the elements of the mechanical system of passenger cars. An example of topological optimization of some elements of brake lever transmission of a passenger car is given. By improving the elements of the mechanical brake system for the use of composite pads in passenger cars, greatly simplifies their design, facilitates maintenance and repair, also reduces the weight of the system as a whole and cost and significantly increases the level of traffic safety.
CALCULATION OF TRACTION AND ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS ELECTRIC ROLLING STOCK WITH ASYNCHRONOUS TRACTION ELECTRIC DRIVE
Authors: Riabov I. , Sapronova S. , Tkachenko V. , Goolak S. , Keršys R.
Published: December 2021

The issue of determining the traction and energy characteristics of electric rolling stock with asynchronous traction drive is considered. It is noted that such rolling stock can work at any point of the traction area, resulting in the need to determine the characteristics of the rolling stock for the entire traction area. The calculation of the characteristics of the traction induction motor, which are the basis for determining the traction and energy characteristics of the electric rolling stock, is considered in detail. A procedure based on the calculation of the replacement circuit of an induction motor is proposed. The calculation of power losses due to higher harmonic voltages and currents is considered. An example of calculation of traction and energy characteristics of an DC electric shunting locomotive with a traction asynchronous electric drive is given.
THE CONCEPT OF THE PASSENGER CAR LIFE CYCLE
Authors: Martynov I. , Trufanova A. , Kalabukhin Y.
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the issues of a conceptual approach to determining the life cycle of a passenger car. The fleet of passenger car mainly consists of models developed and manufactured in the 70-90s of the last century at car plants in Germany and Russia. They are obsolete both morally and physically. This necessitates the renewal of the passenger car fleet by purchasing cars of both domestic and foreign production. In modern conditions, the user of new technology is interested not only in the purchase price, but also in the after-sales costs. This is reflected in the life cycle cost. It is proposed to use a cascade life cycle model for a passenger car. The stages of the life cycle of a passenger car during operation on the railways of Ukraine have been determined. The components of each stage of the life cycle of a passenger car are considered. For a transport company that intends to operate a passenger car, the costs of the first three stages are directly expressed in the initial cost of the car - the purchase price. The life cycle cost (LCC) of a passenger car will be determined by summing up the individual outflow of funds (expenses) at each specific stage (calculation step) of the service life of the equipment. The life cycle assessment of the technical system of railway transport can work at any stage of the life cycle.
LIFE ASSESSMENT OF RAILS BY CRITERION OF OCCURRENCE OF FATIGUE CRACKS
Authors: Kosarchuk V. , Agarkov O. , Tverdomed V.
Published: December 2021

The paper presents modern concepts of the contact fatigue crack occurrence in the railhead. Numerical simulation of the contact interaction between rails and rolling stock wheels by finite elements method are presented. During the simulation, the problem was solved in elastic and elastic-plastic formulations. We considered R65 rail profile and standard railway wheels. The conditions for the rail–wheel interaction corresponded to train movement on the straight section of the track without slipping. The modern life assessment methodology involves the calculation of the material damage increment at each point of the element as the load varies over time, and subsequent summation of this damage. Upon reaching the ultimate value of the total damage, the structural element is believed to lose its load-carrying capacity, i.e. a crack is formed in it. Despite the substantial simplification of the real problem, the computational costs for the implementation of such methods for predicting the durability will be unnecessarily high. In this regard, we propose the simplified method of the durability calculation.
DIFFERENTIAL-GAME MODEL OF INFORMATION PROTECTION FOR COMPUTER SYSTEMS OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors: Voronko I.
Published: December 2021

The article considers the reliability and protection of information of computer systems of transport infrastructure and describes the synthesis and analysis of differential game models and methods of modeling cyberattack processes on the server of computer information and diagnostic systems of the railway power supply distance. A unified differential-game model of the cyberattack process on the multi-task server of the information-diagnostic computer system of the lower level of the railway has been developed, which allows to obtain optimal strategies for information protection in cyberattacks. The results of modeling the cyberattack process are presented, to assess the integrated indicators of server security, using the optimal strategies for each of the functions. The appearance of the unified model of the computer information system is shown, and the graphs of the transient processes of the probability of the server being in a protected state and the probability of server failure for any of the functionalities are given.