bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ghazal-romances composed by Azerbaijani composers to the ghazals of Mohammad Fuzuli
Authors: Ganiyeva Afaq , Geniyev Telman
Published: June 2024

The creation of the first examples of the ghazal-romance genre in Azerbaijan in the 40s of the 20th century is connected with the name of the genius composer Uzeyir Hajibeyli. In 1941, U. Hajibeyli composed the ghazal-romances «Sensiz» and «Sevgili canan» on the occasion of the 800th anniversary of the birth of the great Azerbaijani poet N. Ganjavi. This study analyzes the ghazal-romances composed by Azerbaijani composers based on the poet›s ghazals on the occasion of the 400th anniversary of Muhammad Fuzuli›s death. The purpose of this study is to analyze the ghazal-romances written by Azerbaijani composers based on the poet›s ghazals, to reveal the individual musical concepts of the ghazal-romances, to take a systematic look at the composers› use of fret-intonation features, the unity of music and words, and the principles of using compositional techniques. This study is important for musicologists, vocal performers, and those working in relevant fields such as music literature, and can also be used as additional resources in music educational institutions. The presented article provides information about the origins of the romance genre in Europe, Russia and Azerbaijan, as well as about Asef Zeynalli, the first composer of romance in Azerbaijan, and the romances he composed. In the study, the researches conducted in Azerbaijan regarding ghazal-romances, their historical development, and the unity of words and music were mentioned. In the next chapter, the ghazals-romantics written by S. Rustamov, A. Rzayeva, A. Abbasov S. Alasgarov, R. Mustafayev, O. Zulfugarov to M. Fuzuli›s ghazals are presented as the subject of research. Composers› ghazal-romances were examined based on note samples. The texts of the musical examples of ghazal-romance included in the study are presented in the latin alphabet for the first time. Document analysis, one of the qualitative research types, was used as the research model. According to the results; it becomes clear that in the analyzed ghazal-romances, the form, fret-intonation, metrorhythmic and rules of their use, as well as the variety of writing style in the ghazal-romances created by the composers at different times, the variety of tone-intonation use, from which point of view the principles of approach emerged in the modern era. In future studies, ghazal-romances written to the words of other Azerbaijani poets can be analyzed and compared based on this analysis method.
First molecular report of Feline panleukopenia virus infection in diarrheic cats at Can Tho City, Vietnam
Authors:   Faculty of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Mekong University, Vinh Long 85000, Vietnam, Dang Tu Thi My ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam, Tran Thao Thi ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam, Van Tien My ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam, Le Quang Trung ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam, Ngoc Bich Tran ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam
Published: June 2024

Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) belongs to the family Parvoviridae and causes an acute viral infection in cats worldwide. Information on the circulation of FPV among cats is currently limited in Vietnam. Herein, the full–length VP2 gene and molecular characteristics of FPV isolated in diarrhea cats in Can Tho City were first exhibited. Phylogenetic analysis based on seven obtained nucleotide sequences revealed that the isolated sequences were clustered into a narrow group with FPV sequences in the neighboring countries such as China, Thailand, and Japan, and distantly grouped with the vaccine strains. Regarding nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis, the nucleotide and amino acid homology of 99.98–100% and 99.99–100% among obtained sequences, and showed high homology with reference sequences, accounting for 97.38–98.51% and 98.96–99.27%, respectively. Besides, the nucleotide and amino acid sequences were a homology of 98.51% and 99.26% with two vaccine strains in GenBank. Regarding amino acid translation, seven obtained sequences were closely related to FPV strains, meanwhile, they were different from CPV–2 strains in GenBank at amino acid substitutions of K80, K93 and V103. Overall, this is the first detection of FPV in diarrhea cats and illustrated the molecular characteristics of FPV in the cat population in Can Tho City of Vietnam.
Effects of Achatina fulica mucus as antimicrobial additive on chemical compositions, fermentation quality, and in vitro digestibility of elephant grass silage
Authors:   Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Chotimah Qusnul , Nada Mutiara ,   Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Rahayu Elina Dwi ,   Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Paradhipta Dimas Hand Vidya ,   Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Sanjaya Hafi Luthfi ,   Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Wardani Arrynda Rachma Dyasti ,   Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Anam Moh. Sofi'ul ,   Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Published: June 2024

This study was purposed to evaluate the utilization of Achatina fulica mucus as an antimicrobial to increase the quality of elephant grass silage. Total of 100 mL of achatina mucus (AM) was isolated from 20 heads of Achatina fulica using electric shock method. The AM contained 3,07 mg/5 mL of total protein. The 45 d old of elephant grass was harvested, wilted, and then chopped at 3-5 cm. Chopped grass was ensiled into 4 kg mini-silo for 21 d with different silage additives in triplicate, consisting of: without additives (P0); with 1% of AM (P1); and with combination of AM and microbial complex inoculant at 1:1 ratio. The compositions of elephant grass silage were not affected by the application of additives. The P2 silage resulted in the lowest (P<0.05) pH and yeast count. Both P1 and P2 silages had higher (P<0.05) lactate concentration than P0. Moreover, clostridia was not detected in both P1 and P2 silages. Both P1 and P2 silages had a higher (P<0.05) in vitro digestibility of dry matter and organic matter than P0 silage. The present study concluded that applying AM was effective to inhibit clostridia and improve fermentation quality and digestibility in the rumen. A combination of AM and MCI was generally recommended to increase the quality and digestibility of elephant grass silage.
Clinical applications of current biomarkers in canine chronic enteropathies
Authors:   Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Chantawong Pinkarn ,   Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
Published: June 2024

Chronic enteropathies (CEs) are a group of multifactorial gastrointestinal diseases in dogs, which are defined by chronic persistent or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms, along with histopathological indications of mucosal inflammation. These disorders have gained significant interest in recent years due to their unclear etiopathogenesis, the severity of symptoms and lack of response to conventional treatments. The diagnosis of canine CEs is challenging because of their non-specific clinical symptoms, which require an extensive diagnostic investigations to exclude alternative causes of chronic gastrointestinal signs. Currently, the gold standard for diagnosing CEs relies on histopathologic evaluation and assessing responses to therapeutic trials. However, these methods have limitations in terms of invasiveness, cost and time consumption. Therefore, biological markers that objectively reflect the severity of gastrointestinal disease, assist in diagnosing clinical practice, predicting treatment response, determining prognosis and monitoring disease progression may offer valuable clinical benefits for dogs with CEs. This article provides an overview of the current biomarkers for canine CEs and discusses their potential clinical applications, as well as their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, this review expects to contribute to the identification of future directions for advancing biomarkers in canine CEs research.
Comparative efficacy of tildipirosin and cefquinome for the treatment of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease among replacement dairy cattle raised in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand
Authors:   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Rittipornlertrak Amarin ,   Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine and Biological Products, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,   Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Kaewjit Nawakorn ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Panyapan Surachet ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Lanleng Watcharit ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Punyapornwithaya Veerasak ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,   Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Singhla Tawatchai ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand,   Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
Published: June 2024

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of tildipirosin and cefquinome for treatment of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease (BRD) among replacement dairy cattle (calves and heifers) inhabiting dairy farms located in Chiang Mai, Thailand. A total of 52 animals with undifferentiated BRD were enrolled in the study and randomly selected for placement in antibiotic treatment groups. Out of 52 animals, 36 animals were treated with tildipirosin and were subcutaneously given 4 mg/kg body weight once, while 16 animals were treated with cefquinome and were intramuscularly given 1 mg/kg body weight once daily over a period of three days. Physical examinations and clinical attitude scoring (CAS) were performed on Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 of the treatment periods. The cure rates of the tildipirosin and cefquinome treatment groups were not significantly different (p > 0.05) at percentages of 75.0% (27/36) and 87.5% (14/16), respectively. However, for comparisons within groups, rectal temperatures, respiratory rates, and CAS values were observed to have significantly decreased after treatment with both tildipirosin and cefquinome on Day 3 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, rumen contraction rate was also significantly increased after treatments with both antibiotics (p < 0.05). The degree of efficacy of both antibiotics was similar when the clinical signs and clinical cure rates at the post-treatment point between the two groups were compared. Therefore, the outcomes of this study expand the options for the antibiotic-based treatment of undifferentiated BRD among dairy calves and heifers being raised in this area.
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from chickens and chicken meats from local poultry slaughterhouses in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand
Authors:   Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives of the Kingdom of Thailand, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand, Noenchat Pattarakitti , Srithong Thanawan ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand, Lertpiriyasakulkit Sujeeporn ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand, Nhoonoi Chawakorn ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand, Saksangawong Chuleeporn ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand, Sornplang Pairat ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
Published: June 2024

This study sought to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EOH) isolated from chickens and chicken products at local poultry slaughterhouses in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. EOH was isolated from cloacal swabs and chicken breast meat samples between January 2021 and June 2023. EOH were identified using a culture-based method and were confirmed on sorbitol MacConkey agar. Positive EOH isolates were tested via antimicrobial susceptibility testing and antimicrobial resistance profiles using the disk diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction. This study showed the prevalence of EOH isolated from chicken breast meat (11.47%) was higher than that of cloacal swab (9.32%). Most EOH isolates from cloacal swabs were resistant to oxytetracycline (65.38%), streptomycin (61.54%), amoxicillin (61.54%), and ampicillin (65.38%, and most EOH isolates from breast meat were resistant to oxytetracycline (78.12%), streptomycin (25%), amoxicillin (75%), and ampicillin (78.12%). In addition, 32 (55.17%) EOH isolates were multidrug resistant harbored the ESBL-TEM gene (65.38%), blaTEM (34.61%), int-1 (3.85%), or mcr-1 (0%). This is the first report of EOH isolated from chickens and chicken meats from domestic poultry slaughterhouses in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. Therefore, EOH is a public health concern in local poultry slaughterhouse processes in this area.
The sensitivity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from animal feces to antibiotics and Vietnamese garlic (Allium sativum L.) aqueous extracts in vitro
Authors:   College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Ninh Kieu, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam, Minh Bui Thi Le , Minh Nguyen Ho Quang ,   College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Ninh Kieu, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam, Trang Huynh Ngoc ,   College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Ninh Kieu, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam
Published: June 2024

This research was conducted to study the sensitivity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-producing E. coli) isolated from pigs, dogs, chickens, and pheasants to antibiotics and extracts of Ly Son, Hai Duong, and Co Don garlic. The antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria was determined by the Kirby–Bauer test. Besides, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of garlic extracts were determined by the dilution method. The results show that ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from chickens, dogs, pheasants, and pigs were resistant to 3/12, 5/12, 7/12, and 7/12 antibiotics, respectively. These strains were highly resistant to amoxicillin (100%), ampicillin (100%), and streptomycin (70-100%). Moreover, they were multi-resistant to 2-10 antibiotics. However, they were inhibited by Ly Son, Hai Duong, and Co Don garlic extracts with MIC 4.69-9.38 mg/mL, 2.35-18.75 mg/mL, and 4.69-18.75 mg/mL, respectively. MBC of Ly Son, Hai Duong, and Co Don garlic extracts ranged from 9.38 to >150 mg/mL. The ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from dogs were less sensitive to garlic extracts than those isolated from pigs, chickens, and pheasants. This study shows the potential of garlic to replace antibiotics in the prevention and treatment of animal diseases in the future.
Spatial Analysis of Bovine Anaplasmosis in Jambi Province, Indonesia: 2018-2022
Authors:   Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Jambi, Jambi 36361, Indonesia, Wibowo Sarwo Edy , Andityas Morsid ,   Veterinary Technology Study Program, Department of Bioresources Technology and Veterinary, Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Nuraini Dian Meididewi ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia, . Zurbein ,   Laboratory of Animal Health and Veterinary Public Health Jambi Province, Jambi 36129, Indonesia, Nugraheni Yudhi Ratna ,   Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Awaludin Aan ,   Livestock Production Study Program, Department of Animal Husbandry, State Polytechnic of Jember, East Java, Indonesia, Rahayu Pudji ,   Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Jambi, Jambi 36361, Indonesia, Insulistyowati Anie ,   Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Jambi, Jambi 36361, Indonesia
Published: June 2024

Bovine anaplasmosis causes economic loss in many countries, such as Indonesia. In some provinces of Indonesia such as Jambi Provinces, cattle are one of the most important commodities, but the information on bovine anaplasmosis pattern in Jambi province is limited. This study aimed to analyze the spatial pattern and spatial autocorrelation of bovine anaplasmosis from 2018-2022 in Jambi province. The data was retrieved from active and passive surveys comprising 5,612 blood samples from eleven districts in Jambi Provinces. The blood samples were subjected for detection of Anaplasma sp. using the blood smear technique. The data were analyzed using statistical and spatial analyses in R software v.4.3.1. The results of statistical analysis showed that the incidence of bovine anaplasmosis in 2018-2022 was 16.66%, with a fluctuating pattern along the year. Among the districts, the highest incidence was found in Kerinci District (22.30%), while the lowest was presented in Kota Jambi (13.60%). A higher bovine anaplasmosis incidence was found in rainy season than dry season (median 18.2% vs 10.3%, respectively) (p=0.01). The global Moran’s I showed no significant difference in bovine anaplasmosis incidence, indicating a random pattern in the overall study period. The LISA Moran’s I identified 17 high-high clusters, 9 high-low clusters, 12 low-high clusters, and 12 low-low clusters. In conclusion, the bovine anaplasmosis incidence in Jambi Province fluctuated in 2018-2022, with a higher incidence in rainy season. The spatial analysis indicates an even distribution of the disease between eleven districts in Jambi Province. Further study and a control and prevention strategy are suggested to reduce the incidence of bovine anaplasmosis in Jambi Province.
Áhrif blandaðrar gagnaöflunar á brottfall í Íslensku kosningarannsókninni 2021
Authors: Einarsson Hafsteinn
Published: June 2024

Brottfall í íslenskum spurningakönnunum hefur aukist hratt á undanförnum árum. Íslenska kosningarannsóknin hefur stuðst við símasvörun við gagnaöflun í rúma fjóra áratugi, en vegna breyttra aðstæðna var ákveðið að beita blandaðri gagnaöflun árið 2021. Annars vegar var svarendum sem ekki höfðu skráð símanúmer sent bréf þar sem þeim var boðið að svara könnuninni á netinu og hins vegar var þeim sem höfnuðu þátttöku í síma boðið að svara könnuninni á netinu. Í þessari grein eru ástæður breytts fyrirkomulags raktar, auk þess sem niðurstöður gagnaöflunarinnar eru greindar út frá kenningaramma um heildarvillu í spurningakönnunum. Einblínt er á áhrif gagnaöflunaraðferða á svarhlutfall, endurspeglun þýðis og áhrif á lykilbreytu (flokksval). Niðurstöður benda til þess að ekki hafi tekist að stemma stigu við aukið brottfall, en að blönduð gagnaöflun hafi komið í veg fyrir enn meiri lækkun svarhlutfalls. Þá hafi netsvörun bætt endurspeglun þýðis í úrtakinu og dregið lítillega úr villum við mat á flokksvali. Þessar niðurstöður benda til þess að blönduð gagnaöflun geti dregið úr villu í íslenskum spurningakönnunum, en að grípa þurfi til frekari aðgerða til að tryggja áframhaldandi gæði gagna í kjósendakönnun Íslensku kosningarannsóknarinnar.
Food bank perceptions and food insecurity of older people: findings from an empirical study and how health and social care professionals might offer more support
Authors: Ellahi Basma , Carey Malcolm , Chapman Hazel M.
Published: June 2024

Food insecurity continues to increase in the UK and includes a lack of adequate resources to shop, cook and eat. Among social groups most likely to experience poverty, food insecurity and malnutrition, relatively few older adults have traditionally accessed food banks. This is despite malnutrition representing a common cause of functional decline and mortality among older people. This article draws from interviews in Cambridge with older adults, volunteers and others working with older people. It details why some older people who experience hunger or malnutrition may not access the services of a food bank. Among other findings, we highlight the impact of stigma and pride upon many older adults’ viewpoints, as well as the possible negative effects of chronic illness, isolation, reductions in social care funding and policy-based reforms. The potential of social and healthcare services to better support older people experiencing food insecurity and malnutrition is highlighted.
Effect of photoexcitation on high-harmonic generation in semiconductors
Authors: de Keijzer Brian , van Essen Pieter J. , Kraus Peter M.
Published: June 2024

Solid-state high-harmonic generation is intrinsically sensitive to band structure, carrier population, and carrier scattering. As such, solid-state high-harmonic generation is increasingly used as a probe for femtosecond time-resolved pump-probe experiments. So far, most experimental pump-probe studies have reported photoexcitation-induced amplitude suppression of high-harmonic generation in solid-state media, yet the origins of this phenomenon remain elusive. Through simulations based on the semiconductor Bloch equations, we identify the dephasing of the coherent carrier population as the primary mechanism driving this suppression. Furthermore, we find band gap renormalization to be a source for phase shifts of high harmonics. We introduce an analytical model, based on a semi-classical action, that supports our numerical outcomes.
Nd3+-doped double-clad fluoro-sulfo-phosphate fiber for a compact kilohertz-linewidth single-frequency laser
Authors: Zhu Jinzhong , Xiao Yongbao , Ji Yao , Li Jialong , Yang Changsheng , Zhao Qilai , Wang Weichao , Zhang Qinyuan
Published: June 2024

The utilization of single-frequency fiber lasers spans critical domains including gravitational wave detection, coherent optical communication, and atomic physics. Glass fibers doped with rare earth ions serve as pivotal gain media for them, and the quest for advanced fiber matrices is paramount. Herein, a newly developed Nd3+-doped AlF3-Na2SO4-KPO3-Zn(PO3)2 glass is reported. The glass showcases exceptional attributes including high anti-crystallization stability (>150∘C), elastic modulus (75 GPa), chemical durability (8.1×10−7g⋅cm−2⋅min−1), Nd3+ concentration (>1020ions/cm3), broad effective linewidth (45 nm), and extended lifetime (465 µs), surpassing those of conventional silica and phosphate glasses. Moreover, a custom-designed double-clad Nd3+-doped fiber with a net gain coefficient of 3.2 dB/cm at 1064 nm is fabricated, and single-frequency laser output with a narrow linewidth of 11 kHz has been obtained utilizing a 1.4-cm-long fiber, indicating the potential of this fiber as a promising gain medium for ultra-narrow-linewidth single-frequency fiber lasers.
Spatiotemporal walk-off and improved focusing of plasma THz sources
Authors: Paulino Rodrigo T. , Colmey Benjamin , Cooke David G.
Published: June 2024

High-field THz sources with peak field strengths exceeding MV/cm are essential for nonlinear THz spectroscopy and coherent control of matter on ultrafast time scales. Two-color femtosecond laser plasma sources employing long filamentation have been reported as providing single-cycle, >MV/cm fields, with multi-decade spanning bandwidth and polarization control, making them promising sources for such experiments. In this work, we report the observation of spatiotemporal spreading of the THz pulse when standard off-axis parabolic mirrors are used for collection and focusing of long filament plasma-based THz pulses. This produces a flying focus for THz light, with the axial focal region propagating at a velocity of 1/3 the speed of light. The THz emission is then subsequently spread over a temporal width of ∼10 ps, approximately 100 times the THz pulse duration detected by electro-optic sampling at any single point along the focus. The consequences of this non-ideal focusing are a potential and drastic overestimation of the peak THz electric field based on energy measurements, as well as significant phase noise arising from beam pointing fluctuations. We show that this spatiotemporal spreading can be minimized using a simple axicon lens that perfectly collimates the extended filament source, resulting in improved spatial and temporal focusing of the THz pulse.
All-optically controlled mode-coupling induced transparency with tunable efficiency in a microsphere resonator
Authors: Yuan Weichen , Fu Hongyan
Published: June 2024

The optical analogs of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) have attracted vast attention recently. The generation and manipulation of EIT in microcavities have sparked research in both fundamental physics and photonic applications, including light storage, slow light propagation, and optical communication. In this Letter, the generation and tuning of an all-optically controlled mode-coupling induced transparency (MCIT) are proposed, experimentally demonstrated, and theoretically analyzed. The MCIT effect originated from the intermodal coupling between the plethora of modes generated in our fabricated optical microcavity, and the tuning of the transparency mode utilized the cavity’s thermal bistability nature. Furthermore, based on our method, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, controlling of the mode shifting efficiency is also achieved with an increase up to two times and more. The proposed scheme paves a unique, simple, and efficient way to manipulate the induced transparency mode, which can be useful for applications like cavity lasing and thermal sensing.
A coating design to rule them all: asymmetric Fabry–Perot resonators with diverse optical response based on Au films with high-temperature sensitivity
Authors: Hedl Elizabeth , Samec Željko , Blažek Bregović Vesna , Bergmann Alexander , Sancho-Parramon Jordi
Published: June 2024

Thermal annealing of thin metal films induces morphology changes that have a dramatic effect in the optical properties. Here we propose an asymmetric Fabry–Perot resonator consisting of a top metal film, a dielectric spacer, and a bottom metal mirror that can display a diverse infrared response. Thermally induced morphology changes result in large reflectivity variations within a limited temperature range following the top film transition between conductive, highly lossy, and transparent regimes. This behavior arises from the combination of the top film properties with interference effects in the multilayer. Furthermore, the proposed structure holds promise for potential sensing applications, as its optical response displays four times larger temperature sensitivity than a single film.
Ultraviolet color image sensor based on CsPbBr3 inorganic perovskite nanocrystal film
Authors: Xu Chunye , Dai Fang , Zhang Mengjiao , Zhang Jingya , Tao Yu , Zhai Yusheng , He Weiji , Chen Qian
Published: June 2024

Ultraviolet and color imaging require different image sensors and optical channels, which results in large size, complex structure, and high cost of imaging systems. Here, we report a novel, to the best of our knowledge, image sensor that combines ultraviolet and color imaging functions. The fabrication of this image sensor is achieved by coating high-transparency CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals in a polymer film on the color filter layer of a silicon-based detector. The film, serving as an ultraviolet photoluminescent layer, exhibits high transparency, exceeding 91.5% at wavelengths beyond the photoluminescence peak of 513 nm. During ultraviolet imaging, the film converts ultraviolet light into visible light, which passes through the green filter layer to reach the detector for imaging. During visible light imaging, red light, green light, and most of the blue light pass through the CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystal film and color filter layer to reach the detector for imaging. As a result, the image sensor can capture both 257 nm solar-blind ultraviolet images and color photos in the visible light.
Optical simulation of a quantum cooling engine powered by entangled measurements
Authors: Wang Ning-Ning , Cao Huan , Zhang Chao , Xu Xiao-Ye , Liu Bi-Heng , Huang Yun-Feng , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can
Published: June 2024

Traditional refrigeration is driven either by external forces or by the information-feedback mechanism. Surprisingly, quantum measurement and collapse, typically viewed as detrimental, can also power a quantum cooling engine without requiring any feedback mechanism. In this work, we perform a proof-of-principle demonstration of quantum measurement cooling (QMC) powered by entangled measurements using a highly controllable linear optical simulator. The simulator can simulate qubits with different energy-level spacings and their thermalizing processes at different temperatures, and also allows for arbitrary projections of two qubits at different energy levels. We show the effect of changes in energy levels and measurement bases on the cooling process and demonstrate the robustness of QMC. These results reveal the special role of entangled measurements in quantum thermodynamics, indicate that quantum measurement is not always detrimental but can be a valuable thermodynamic resource. Our setup also offers a highly controllable simulation platform for multiqubit quantum engines.
Enhancements to quantum communication performance utilizing a prototype photonic lantern and multiplexed single-photon detection
Authors: Chandrasekharan Harikumar K , Barrow Peter , MacLachlan David , Thomson Robert , Donaldson Ross
Published: June 2024

Detection in free-space quantum key distribution is typically performed by coupling light into an optical fiber coupled single-photon detector. However, use of multimode fibers will limit the achievable bandwidth due to modal dispersion, depending on the length and core diameter. We demonstrate a novel approach to overcoming the bandwidth limitation, while still maintaining efficient coupling, utilizing a prototype multimode fiber-based photonic lantern to interface numerous detectors. As the lantern splits light into multiple smaller core diameters, it also reduces the impact of modal dispersion. Moreover, we show secret key rate enhancement up to 20% with the multimode fiber photonic lantern.
Morphometric brain organization across the human lifespan reveals increased dispersion linked to cognitive performance
Authors: Li Jiao , Zhang Chao , Meng Yao , Yang Siqi , Xia Jie , Chen Huafu , Liao Wei
Published: June 2024

The human brain is organized as segregation and integration units and follows complex developmental trajectories throughout life. The cortical manifold provides a new means of studying the brain’s organization in a multidimensional connectivity gradient space. However, how the brain’s morphometric organization changes across the human lifespan remains unclear. Here, leveraging structural magnetic resonance imaging scans from 1,790 healthy individuals aged 8 to 89 years, we investigated age-related global, within- and between-network dispersions to reveal the segregation and integration of brain networks from 3D manifolds based on morphometric similarity network (MSN), combining multiple features conceptualized as a “fingerprint” of an individual’s brain. Developmental trajectories of global dispersion unfolded along patterns of molecular brain organization, such as acetylcholine receptor. Communities were increasingly dispersed with age, reflecting more disassortative morphometric similarity profiles within a community. Increasing within-network dispersion of primary motor and association cortices mediated the influence of age on the cognitive flexibility of executive functions. We also found that the secondary sensory cortices were decreasingly dispersed with the rest of the cortices during aging, possibly indicating a shift of secondary sensory cortices across the human lifespan from an extreme to a more central position in 3D manifolds. Together, our results reveal the age-related segregation and integration of MSN from the perspective of a multidimensional gradient space, providing new insights into lifespan changes in multiple morphometric features of the brain, as well as the influence of such changes on cognitive performance.
Beliefs, compulsive behavior and reduced confidence in control
Authors: Rigoux Lionel , Stephan Klaas E. , Petzschner Frederike H.
Published: June 2024

OCD has been conceptualized as a disorder arising from dysfunctional beliefs, such as overestimating threats or pathological doubts. Yet, how these beliefs lead to compulsions and obsessions remains unclear. Here, we develop a computational model to examine the specific beliefs that trigger and sustain compulsive behavior in a simple symptom-provoking scenario. Our results demonstrate that a single belief disturbance–a lack of confidence in the effectiveness of one’s preventive (harm-avoiding) actions–can trigger and maintain compulsions and is directly linked to compulsion severity. This distrust can further explain a number of seemingly unrelated phenomena in OCD, including the role of not-just-right feelings, the link to intolerance to uncertainty, perfectionism, and overestimation of threat, and deficits in reversal and state learning. Our simulations shed new light on which underlying beliefs drive compulsive behavior and highlight the important role of perceived ability to exert control for OCD.
Wild Patagonian yeast improve the evolutionary potential of novel interspecific hybrid strains for lager brewing
Authors: Molinet Jennifer , Navarrete Juan P. , Villarroel Carlos A. , Villarreal Pablo , Sandoval Felipe I. , Nespolo Roberto F. , Stelkens Rike , Cubillos Francisco A.
Published: June 2024

Lager yeasts are limited to a few strains worldwide, imposing restrictions on flavour and aroma diversity and hindering our understanding of the complex evolutionary mechanisms during yeast domestication. The recent finding of diverse S. eubayanus lineages from Patagonia offers potential for generating new lager yeasts with different flavour profiles. Here, we leverage the natural genetic diversity of S. eubayanus and expand the lager yeast repertoire by including three distinct Patagonian S. eubayanus lineages. We used experimental evolution and selection on desirable traits to enhance the fermentation profiles of novel S. cerevisiae x S. eubayanus hybrids. Our analyses reveal an intricate interplay of pre-existing diversity, selection on species-specific mitochondria, de-novo mutations, and gene copy variations in sugar metabolism genes, resulting in high ethanol production and unique aroma profiles. Hybrids with S. eubayanus mitochondria exhibited greater evolutionary potential and superior fitness post-evolution, analogous to commercial lager hybrids. Using genome-wide screens of the parental subgenomes, we identified genetic changes in IRA2, IMA1, and MALX genes that influence maltose metabolism, and increase glycolytic flux and sugar consumption in the evolved hybrids. Functional validation and transcriptome analyses confirmed increased maltose-related gene expression, influencing greater maltotriose consumption in evolved hybrids. This study demonstrates the potential for generating industrially viable lager yeast hybrids from wild Patagonian strains. Our hybridization, evolution, and mitochondrial selection approach produced hybrids with high fermentation capacity and expands lager beer brewing options.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards yaws in endemic areas of Ghana, Cameroon and Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Beiras Camila González , Kouadio Adingra Tano , Handley Becca Louise , Arhinful Daniel , Tchatchouang Serges , Houndji Ahouansou Stanislas Sonagnon , Nartey Eric Tettey , Sarpong Dolphine Osei , Menguena Gely , Ndzomo Philippe , Basing Laud Anthony , Hugues Kouadio Aboh , Amanor Ivy Brago , Bakheit Mohammed , Landmann Emelie , Awondo Patrick , Müller Claudia , Crucitti Tania , Borst Nadine , Becherer Lisa , Lüert Simone , Frischmann Sieghard , Sylla Aboubacar , Kouamé-Sina Mireille S. , Harding-Esch Emma Michèle , Knauf Sascha , Mitjà Oriol , Eyangoh Sara , Addo Kennedy Kwasi , Kakou Solange Ngazoa , Marks Michael
Published: June 2024

Yaws, caused by Treponema pallidum ssp. pertenue, remains a significant public health concern in tropical regions of West Africa and the South Pacific, primarily affecting children in remote areas with limited access to hygiene and sanitation. In this study, conducted in three endemic countries of West Africa where yaws remains a significant public health concern (Ghana, Cameroon, and Côte d’Ivoire), we aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to yaws among community members, community health workers (CHWs), and traditional healers. The study revealed variations in the perception of causes of yaws among community members: the majority or participants in Ghana attributed yaws to germs (60.2%); in Cameroon the most reported form of transmission was contact with or drinking infected water sources (44.6%); and in Côte d’Ivoire both of these answers were also the most prevalent (60.3% germs and 93.% water sources). A substantial proportion of participants in Côte d’Ivoire also associated yaws with witchcraft and divine punishment (44.8%). Only a small proportion of individuals in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire correctly identified contact with an infected person as a form of transmission (11.9% and 20.7%, respectively) and less than half in Cameroon (42.6%), although more than 98% of all participants reported avoidance behaviours towards yaws infected people due to fear of getting infected. Most participants expressed a preference for seeking care at hospitals (49.2%, 60.6%, 86.2%) or health care professionals including doctors and nurses (58.5%, 41,5% and 17.2%) if they were diagnosed with yaws, although a quarter of participants in Côte d’Ivoire also sought support from traditional healers. The CHWs interviewed were generally well-trained on yaws causes and treatment options, although they often reported low availability of treatment and diagnostic tests for yaws. Our findings underscore the need for community education, awareness campaigns, ongoing CHW training, and improved access to yaws treatment and diagnostic resources. The data also suggest that collaboration with traditional healers, who usually hold a highly esteemed position in the society, such as giving training on yaws causes and transmission or exchanging knowledge on treatment options, could be beneficial in certain regions, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire.
Pollination biology of Impatiens capensis Meerb. in non-native range
Authors: Rewicz Agnieszka , Monzalvo René , Myśliwy Monika , Tończyk Grzegorz , Desiderato Andrea , Ruchisansakun Saroj , Rewicz Tomasz
Published: June 2024

Pollination biology in the widespread species Impatiens capensis Meerb. has only been studied in America, specifically in zones of the U.S.A. and Canada. In this study, we investigated the pollination biology of I. capensis using an integrative identification approach using morphological and molecular tools in four populations of Northwest Poland. We also determined and compared the functional characteristics of the pollinators of the introduced species from the study sites and the native ones reported, for the latter collecting information from bibliographic sources. Visitors were identified using standard morphological keys, including identifying and classifying insect mouthparts. Molecular identification was carried out using mitochondrial DNA’s cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). We morphologically identified 20 species of visitors constituted by 17 pollinators and three nectar robbers. DNA barcoding of 59 individuals proved the identification of 18 species (also 18 BINs). The frequency of pollinator species was primarily made up of representatives of both Hymenoptera (75%) and Diptera (21%). The morphological traits, such as the chewing and sucking mouthparts, small and big body height, and robber and pollinator behavior explained mainly the native and introduced visitors’ arrangements that allow pollination success. However, to understand the process comprehensively, further investigation of other causalities in pollination success and understanding the diversity of pollinators in outer native ranges are necessary.
A history of olive and grape cultivation in Southwest Asia using charcoal and seed remains
Authors: Deckers Katleen , Riehl Simone , Meadows Joseph , Tumolo Valentina , Hinojosa-Baliño Israel , Lawrence Dan
Published: June 2024

Evaluating archaeobotanical data from over 3.9 million seeds and 124,300 charcoal fragments across 330 archaeological site phases in Southwest Asia, we reconstruct the history of olive and grape cultivation spanning a period of 6,000 years. Combining charcoal and seed data enables investigation into both the production and consumption of olive and grape. The earliest indication for olive and grape cultivation appears in the southern Levant around ca. 5000 BC and 4th millennium BC respectively, although cultivation may have been practiced prior to these dates. Olive and grape cultivation in Southwest Asia was regionally concentrated within the Levant until 600 BC, although there were periodic pushes to the East. Several indications for climate influencing the history of olive and grape cultivation were found, as well as a correlation between periods of high population density and high proportions of olive and grape remains in archaeological sites. While temporal uncertainty prevents a detailed understanding of the causal mechanisms behind these correlations, we suggest that long distance trade in olives, grapes and their associated products was integral to the economic, social, and demographic trajectories of the region.
Efficacy of Zinc Fortified and Fermented Wheat Flour (EZAFFAW): A randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Das Jai K. , Padhani Zahra Ali , Khan Muhammad , Mirani Mushtaq , Rizvi Arjumand , Chauhadry Imran Ahmed , Yasin Rahima , Ismail Tariq , Akhtar Saeed , Begum Kehkashan , Iqbal Junaid , Humayun Khadija , Naseem Hamna Amir , Malik Kauser Abdulla , Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
Published: June 2024

Background

Zinc deficiency poses significant health risks, particularly in low-income settings. This study aims to evaluate the impact of agronomically zinc biofortified (fermented and non-fermented) and post-harvest wheat flour flatbread on zinc status and metabolic health in adolescents and adult women in rural Pakistan.

Methods

A four-arm triple-blind randomized controlled trial will be conducted in a rural district of Pakistan. Participants (adolescents aged 10–19 and adult women aged 20–40) will be assigned to receive fermented or unfermented high zinc agronomically biofortified wheat flour flatbread, post-harvest zinc-fortified wheat flour flatbread, or low zinc conventional whole wheat flour flatbread. The meal would be served once a day, six days a week for six months. The study aims to enroll 1000 participants and will be analyzed based on the intention-to-treat principle. The trial is registered with number NCT06092515.

Outcomes

Primary outcomes will include serum zinc concentration and metabolic markers, while secondary outcomes include anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and dietary intake.

Conclusion

This trial will provide valuable insights into the efficacy of agronomically zinc biofortified wheat flour in improving zinc status and metabolic health. Findings may inform public health strategies to combat zinc deficiency in resource-limited settings.
Bubble reachers and uncivil discourse in polarized online public sphere
Authors: Kobellarz Jordan K. , Brocic Milos , Silver Daniel , Silva Thiago H.
Published: June 2024

Early optimism saw possibilities for social media to renew democratic discourse, marked by hopes for individuals from diverse backgrounds to find opportunities to learn from and interact with others different from themselves. This optimism quickly waned as social media seemed to breed ideological homophily marked by “filter bubbles” or “echo chambers.” A typical response to the sense of fragmentation has been to encourage exposure to more cross-partisan sources of information. But do outlets that reach across partisan lines in fact generate more civil discourse? And does the civility of discourse hosted by such outlets vary depending on the political context in which they operate? To answer these questions, we identified bubble reachers, users who distribute content that reaches other users with diverse political opinions in recent presidential elections in Brazil, where populism has deep roots in the political culture, and Canada, where the political culture is comparatively moderate. Given that background, this research studies unexplored properties of content shared by bubble reachers, specifically the quality of conversations and comments it generates. We examine how ideologically neutral bubble reachers differ from ideologically partisan accounts in the level of uncivil discourse they provoke, and explore how this varies in the context of the two countries considered. Our results suggest that while ideologically neutral bubble reachers support less uncivil discourse in Canada, the opposite relationship holds in Brazil. Even non-political content by ideologically neutral bubble reachers elicits a considerable amount of uncivil discourse in Brazil. This indicates that bubble reaching and incivility are moderated by the national political context. Our results complicate the simple hypothesis of a universal impact of neutral bubble reachers across contexts.