bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Updated mortality and causes of death in 2020-2021 in people living with HIV: a multicenter study in France
Authors: Sellier Pierre , Alexandre-Castor Guylaine , Brun Alexandre , Hamet Gwenn , Bouchaud Olivier , Leroy Pierre , Diamantis Sylvain , Chabrol Amélie , Machado Moïse , Bouldouyre Marie-Anne , De Castro Nathalie , Rozenbaum Willy , Molina Jean-Michel
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To assess updated mortality and causes of death in people living with HIV (PLWH) in France.

Design and Methods:

We analyzed all deaths in PLWH followed up between 01/01/2020 and 31/12/2021 in 11 hospitals in the Paris region. We described the characteristics and causes of death among deceased PLWH, and evaluated the incidence of mortality and associated risk factors using a multivariate logistic regression.

Results:

Of the 12942 patients followed in 2020-2021, 202 deaths occurred. Mean annual incidence of death (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 7.8 per 1 000 PLWH (6.3–9.5). Forty-seven patients (23%) died from non-AIDS non-viral hepatitis (NANH)-related malignancies, 38 (19%) from non-AIDS infections (including 21 cases of COVID-19), 20 (10%) from AIDS, 19 (9%) from cardiovascular diseases (CVD), 17 (8.4%) from other causes, six (3%) from liver diseases and five (2.5%) from suicides/violent deaths. The cause of death was unknown in 50 (24.7%) patients. Risks factors for death were age (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 1.93; 1.66–2.25 by additional decade), AIDS history (2.23; 1.61–3.09), low CD4 (1.95; 1.36–2.78 for 200–500/μL and 5.76; 3.65–9.08 for ≤ 200/μL versus > 500/μL), and viral load > 50 copies/mL (2.03; 1.33–3.08), both at last visit.

Conclusions:

NANH malignancies remained in 2020–2021 the first cause of death. COVID-19 accounted for more than half of the mortality related to non-AIDS infections over the period. Aging, AIDS history, and a poorer viro-immunological control were associated with death.
Trends in Urogynecologic Surgery Among Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents From 2002 to 2022
Authors: Nutaitis Alexandra C. , George Estee L. , Mangira Caroline J. , Wallace Shannon L. , Bowersox Natalie A.
Published: July 2023

Importance

The number of American women with a pelvic floor disorder is projected to increase from 28.1 million in 2010 to 43.8 million in 2050.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to evaluate trends in the number of urogynecologic procedures performed by graduating obstetrics and gynecology residents and to compare variability in volume between residents in the 70th and 30th percentiles for logged cases.

Study Design

National case log measures for residents who graduated between 2003 and 2022 were reviewed. Mean case numbers and variability in case numbers were analyzed over time.

Results

Data were collected from a median of 1,216.5 residents (range, 1,090 to 1,427) annually. Mean number of vaginal hysterectomies logged per resident decreased by 46.4% from 2002/2003 to 2021/2022 (P = 0.0007). Mean number of urogynecology procedures increased by 1,165.5% from 2002/2003 to 2007/2008 (P = 0.0015). Mean number of incontinence and pelvic floor procedures (including cystoscopies) increased by 190.9% from 2002/2003 to 2011/2012 (P = 0.0002). Mean number of incontinence and pelvic floor procedures (excluding cystoscopies) decreased by 39.7% from 2012/2013 to 2021/2022 (P < 0.0001). Mean number of cystoscopies increased by 19.7% from 2012/2013 to 2021/2022 (P < 0.0001). Ratios of cases logged by residents in the 70th percentile to those in the 30th percentile decreased for vaginal hysterectomies and cystoscopies (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0040, respectively). The ratio for incontinence and pelvic floor procedures (excluding cystoscopies) was 1.76 in 2012/2013 and 2.35 in 2021/2022 (P = 0.2878).

Conclusion

Resident surgical training in urogynecology is decreasing nationally.
Randomized Trial on Expectations and Pain Control Advancement in Surgery: The REPAIR Study
Authors: Serna-Gallegos Tasha R. , Komesu Yuko M. , Dunivan Gena C. , Meriwether Kate V. , Ninivaggio Cara S. , Petersen Timothy R. , Jeppson Peter C.
Published: July 2023

Importance

Following standardized preoperative education and adoption of shared decision making positively affects postoperative narcotic practices.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of patient-centered preoperative education and shared decision making on the quantities of postoperative narcotics prescribed and consumed after urogynecologic surgery.

Study Design

Women undergoing urogynecologic surgery were randomized to “standard” (standard preoperative education, standard narcotic quantities at discharge) or “patient-centered” (patient-informed preoperative education, choice of narcotic quantities at discharge) groups. At discharge, the “standard” group received 30 (major surgery) or 12 (minor surgery) pills of 5-mg oxycodone. The “patient-centered” group chose 0 to 30 (major surgery) or 0 to 12 (minor surgery) pills. Outcomes included postoperative narcotics consumed and unused. Other outcomes included patient satisfaction/preparedness, return to activity, and pain interference. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed.

Results

The study enrolled 174 women; 154 were randomized and completed the major outcomes of interest (78 in the standard group, 76 in the patient-centered group). Narcotic consumption did not differ between groups (standard group: median of 3.5 pills, interquartile range [IQR] of [0, 8.25]; patient centered: median of 2, IQR of [0, 9.75]; P = 0.627). The patient-centered group had fewer narcotics prescribed (P < 0.001) and unused (P < 0.001), and chose a median of 20 pills (IQR [10, 30]) after a major surgical procedure and 12 pills (IQR [6, 12]) after a minor surgical procedure, with fewer unused narcotics (median difference, 9 pills; 95% confidence interval, 5–13; P < 0.001). There were no differences between groups' return to function, pain interference, and preparedness or satisfaction (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Patient-centered education did not decrease narcotic consumption. Shared decision making did decrease prescribed and unused narcotics. Shared decision making in narcotic prescribing is feasible and may improve postoperative prescribing practices.
Nest construction in mammals: a review of the patterns of construction and functional roles
Authors: Deeming D. Charles
Published: July 2023

Nesting behaviour in mammals has been investigated in a wide variety of species but to date there has not been any scholarly review of the incidence and roles of these nests. Not all mammals build nests but, while some large species regularly build nests, nest-building behaviour is more commonly associated with small mammals weighing less than a kilogram. Quantitative data for the amounts of different materials used in a nest are rarely reported but mammal nests are typically constructed from fresh (rather than dead) plant materials. Animal-derived materials seem to be rare in nests, but anthropogenic materials are reported. Few studies have examined the roles these different materials play but more physically robust materials provide support for the structure. Many mammal nests have maternity roles, but a variety of other roles were recognized. A wide range of mammalian orders use nests for resting and environmental protection. Less common roles were as sites for torpor or hibernation, or as a refuge from predation, or the materials may have anti-parasite properties. These different roles were often not mutually exclusive. It is hoped that this review will stimulate interest in the functional properties of mammalian nests. It also suggests various themes that would be interesting areas for future research.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolutionary ecology of nests: a cross-taxon approach’.
How sexual and natural selection interact and shape the evolution of nests and nesting behaviour in fishes
Authors: Svensson Ola , Kvarnemo Charlotta
Published: July 2023

Among ray-finned fishes that provide parental care, many spawn in constructed nests, ranging from bowls, burrows and ridges to nests made of algae or bubbles. Because a nest by definition is a construction that enhances the nest-builder's fitness by helping it meet the needs of the developing offspring, nest-building behaviour is naturally selected, as is a preference for spawning with mates that provide well-built nests. However, nest-building behaviour can also be sexually selected, when nest traits increase mating success, protect against sperm competition or nest take-overs by conspecifics. Here, we offer a systematic review, with examples of how competition for sites and location of fish nests relates to sexual selection. We examine direct and indirect benefits of mate choice linked to nest traits, and different types of nests, from a sexual selection perspective. Nest-related behaviours are often under both natural and sexual selection, and we disentangle examples where that is the case, with special attention to females. We highlight some taxa in which nest building is likely to be sexually selected, but lack of research has left them uninvestigated. Some of them are established aquarium species, making them particularly amenable for future research. Finally, we compare with arthropods, amphibians and birds.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolutionary ecology of nests: a cross-taxon approach’.
Chthonic severance: dinosaur eggs of the Mesozoic, the significance of partially buried eggs and contact incubation precursors
Authors: Hogan Jason D. , Varricchio David J.
Published: July 2023

For most dinosaurs, clutches consisted of a single layer of spherical to sub-spherical, highly porous eggs that were probably fully buried. Both eggs and clutch form change drastically with pennaraptoran theropods, the clade that includes birds. Here, far less porous, more elongate eggs are arranged with additional complexity, and only partially buried. While partial egg burial seems to be effective for an extremely small group of modern birds, the behaviour's overall rarity complicates our understanding of Mesozoic analogies. Recent experimental examination of pennaraptoran nesting thermodynamics suggests that partial egg burial, combined with contact incubation, may be more efficacious than has been presumed. We propose that nest guarding behaviour by endothermic archosaurs may have led to an indirect form of contact incubation using metabolic energy to affect temperature change in a buried clutch through a barrier of sediment, which in turn may have selected for shallower clutch burial to increasingly benefit from adult-generated energy until partial egg exposure. Once partially exposed, continued selection pressure may have aided a transition to fully subaerial eggs. This hypothesis connects the presence of partially buried dinosaurian clutches with the transition from basal, crocodile-like nesting (buried clutches guarded by adults) to the dominant avian habit of contact incubating fully exposed eggs.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolutionary ecology of nests: a cross-taxon approach’.
Earthen mounds (
heuweltjies
) of South Africa and their termite occupants: applicability of concepts of the extended phenotype, ecosystem engineering and niche construction
Authors: McAuliffe Joseph R.
Published: July 2023

Heuweltjies
are earthen mounds found throughout the Succulent Karoo of South Africa and are inhabited by the termite
Microhodotermes viator
. Many have assumed that heuweltjies are constructed by the occupying termites. Consequently, heuweltjies have been used as an example of several important concepts in ecology and evolution: the
extended phenotype
,
ecosystem engineering
and
niche construction
. However, recent findings demonstrate that
M. viator
does not directly construct heuweltjies. Rather, termite colonies enrich the soil around their nests with plant nutrients, which promotes development of widely separated patches of denser vegetation. Eventual formation of heuweltjies represents a
response of the physical environment
to the windbreak effect of the denser vegetation patches (localized reduction of wind velocity and resultant deposition and accumulation of airborne sediment). Other structures constructed by the termites are justifiably regarded as extended phenotypes. Identification and investigation of a complex cascade of processes are required to more precisely assess the manner in which this termite species functions as an ecosystem engineer or niche constructor, thereby significantly influencing the availability of resources within local ecosystems. Environmental alterations that are either directly or indirectly generated by social animals that construct large, communal nests represent ecological processes that contribute significantly to local biodiversity.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolutionary ecology of nests: a cross-taxon approach’.
Why do some bird species incorporate more anthropogenic materials into their nests than others?
Authors: Jagiello Zuzanna , Reynolds S. James , Nagy Jenő , Mainwaring Mark C. , Ibáñez-Álamo Juan D.
Published: July 2023

Many bird species incorporate anthropogenic materials (e.g. sweet wrappers, cigarette butts and plastic strings) into their nests. Anthropogenic materials have become widely available as nesting materials in marine and terrestrial environments globally. These human-made objects can provide important benefits to birds such as serving as reliable signals to conspecifics or protecting against ectoparasites, but they can also incur fundamental survival and energetic costs via offspring entanglement and reduced insulative properties, respectively. From an ecological perspective, several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the use of anthropogenic nest materials (ANMs) by birds but no previous interspecific study has tried to identify the underlying mechanisms of this behaviour. In this study, we performed a systematic literature search and ran phylogenetically controlled comparative analyses to examine interspecific variation in the use of ANM and to examine the influence of several ecological and life-history traits. We found that sexual dimorphism and nest type significantly influenced the use of ANMs by birds providing support for the ‘signalling hypothesis’ that implies that ANMs reflect the quality of the nest builder. However, we found no support for the ‘age’ and ‘new location’ hypotheses, nor for a phylogenetic pattern in this behaviour, suggesting that it is widespread throughout birds.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolutionary ecology of nests: a cross-taxon approach’.
Preclinical testing of antimicrobials for cystic fibrosis lung infections: current needs and future priorities
Authors: Hubert Lucile , Barton Thomas E. , Leighton Hollie J. , Richards Brogan
Published: July 2023

A workshop was held by the PIPE-CF strategic research centre to consider preclinical testing of antimicrobials for cystic fibrosis (CF). The workshop brought together groups of people from the CF community to discuss current challenges and identify priorities when developing CF therapeutics. This paper summarizes the key points from the workshop from the different sessions, including talks given by presenters on the day and round table discussions. Currently, it is felt that there is a large disconnect throughout the community, with communication between patients, clinicians and researchers being the main issue. This leads to little consideration being given to factors such as treatment regimes, routes of administration and side effects when developing new therapies, that could alter the day-to-day lifestyles of people living with CF. Translation of numerical data that are obtained in the laboratory to successful outcomes of clinical trials is also a key challenge facing researchers today. Laboratory assays in preclinical testing involve basing results on bacterial clearance and decrease in viable cells, when these are not factors that are considered when determining the success of a treatment in the clinic. However, there are several models currently in development that seek to tackle some of these issues, such as the organ-on-a-chip technology and adaptation of a hollow-fibre model, as well as the development of media that aim to mimic the niche environments of a CF respiratory tract. It is hoped that by summarizing these opinions and discussing current research, the communication gap between groups can begin to close.
Edge-based general linear models capture high-frequency fluctuations in attention
Authors: Jones Henry M. , Yoo Kwangsun , Chun Marvin M. , Rosenberg Monica D.
Published: July 2023

Although we must prioritize the processing of task-relevant information to navigate life, our ability to do so fluctuates across time. Previous work has identified fMRI functional connectivity (FC) networks that predict an individual’s ability to sustain attention and vary with attentional state from one minute to the next. However, traditional dynamic FC approaches typically lack the temporal precision to capture moment-by-moment network fluctuations. Recently, researchers have ‘unfurled’ traditional FC matrices in ‘edge cofluctuation time series’ which measure time point-by-time point cofluctuations between regions. Here we apply event-based and parametric fMRI analyses to edge time series to capture high-frequency fluctuations in networks related to attention. In two independent fMRI datasets in which participants performed a sustained attention task, we identified a reliable set of edges that rapidly deflects in response to rare task events. Another set of edges varies with continuous fluctuations in attention and overlaps with a previously defined set of edges associated with individual differences in sustained attention. Demonstrating that edge-based analyses are not simply redundant with traditional regions-of-interest based approaches, up to one-third of reliably deflected edges were not predicted from univariate activity patterns alone. These results reveal the large potential in combining traditional fMRI analyses with edge time series to identify rapid reconfigurations in networks across the brain.
A microRNA-based Johne’s disease diagnostic predictive system: preliminary results
Authors: Capewell Paul , Lowe Arianne , Athanasiadou Spiridoula , Wilson David , Hanks Eve , Coultous Robert , Hutchings Michael , Palarea-Albaladejo Javier
Published: July 2023

Background

Johne’s disease, caused byMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis(MAP), is a chronic enteritis impacting welfare and productivity in cattle. Screening and animal removal are common for disease management, but efforts are hindered by low diagnostic sensitivity. Expression levels of small non-coding RNA molecules involved in gene regulation (microRNAs) altered during mycobacterial infection may present an alternative diagnostic method.

Methods

Levels of 24 microRNAs affected by mycobacterial infection were measured in sera from MAP-positive (n=66) and MAP-negative samples (n=65). They were used to train a collection of statistical and machine learning models to identify an optimal classifier for diagnosis.

Results

The best-performing model provided 72% accuracy, 78% AUC, 73% sensitivity and 71% specificity on average.

Limitations

Although control samples were collected from farms nominally MAP-free, low sensitivity in current diagnostics means animals may be misclassified.

Conclusion

MicroRNA profiling combined with advanced predictive modelling techniques accurately diagnosed Johne’s disease in cattle.
Enrichment of Cysteine S-palmitoylated peptides using Sodium Deoxycholate Acid Precipitation - SDC-ACE
Authors: Jensen Peter T. , Palmisano Giuseppe , Rhodes Christopher J. , Larsen Martin R.
Published: July 2023

S-palmitoylation is a poorly understood post-translational modification that is gaining more attention as an essential regulator of cellular processes. The reversible nature of S-palmitoylation allows for fine-tuned control of cellular events and adaptation to stimuli. The enrichment of S-palmitoylated proteins and peptides includes the Acyl-Biotin Exchange (ABE) method, Acyl resin-assisted Capture (Acyl-RAC), metabolic labelling, and derivatives thereof. We present a novel method of enrichment of S-palmitoylated peptides termedSDC Acid Precipitation Enrichment(SDC-ACE). Here, S-palmitoylated peptides are enriched by taking advantage of their co-precipitation with Sodium-Deoxycholate (SDC) under acidic conditions, allowing easy and fast separation of lipidated peptides from the sample suspension. We applied our novel method for the characterization of the mouse brain, providing an in-depth analysis of S-palmitoylation events within the brain and comprehensive profile of the mouse brain S-palmitoylome. Furthermore, we applied our method for mapping mouse tissue-specific S-palmitoylation, highlighting the extensive role of S-palmitoylation throughout various organs in the body. Finally, we applied our methods for studying the brain palmitoylome of diabetic db/db mouse, uncovering alterations in the palmitoylation related to obesity and type 2 diabetes. The SDC-ACE method allows fast and easy enrichment of S-palmitoylated peptides, providing a valuable tool for exploring the dynamics and function of S-palmitoylation in diverse biological systems.
Reactivating the complement system using peptidic bacterial labeling tag
Authors: Belo Yael , Malach Einav , Hayouka Zvi
Published: July 2023

The immune system plays a critical role in protecting the host against pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. However, pathogens have evolved mechanisms to evade the immune system, for example by altering their surface proteins or by producing enzymes that can interfere with the immune response. These evasion strategies enable pathogens to escape detection and destruction by the immune system, which allows them to establish serious infections. Thus, there is a critical need for new strategies for developing antimicrobial agents. Here, we describe a novel strategy for targeting pathogens, by labeling them with a general peptide functioning as a bacterial binder, conjugated to a protein tag recognizable by the complement system, thereby activating the immune system against the target pathogen. To that end, we screened several pathogenic bacteria to find complement-resistant bacterial strain. A selected peptide binder was crosslinked with the C3b complement protein using glutaraldehyde. We show by an ELISA assay that the resulting complex binds the C5 complement protein with high affinity. We posited that by binding C5, this complex will be capable of initiating the alternative complement downstream proteolytic cascade, thereby inducing the formation of the membrane attack complex. Using this methodology, we were able to eradicate 90% of complement-resistantE. colibacterial cells. By showing enhancement of complement sensitivity in complement-resistant pathogens, this work demonstrates the basis for new therapeutic approach capable of targeting pathogenic bacteria and activating the immune system against them.
Crystal structure of poly[(acetonitrile-κN)(μ3-7-{[bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]methyl}-8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonato-κ4
N,O:O′:O′′)sodium]
Authors: Kubono Koji , Tanaka Ryoichi , Kashiwagi Yukiyasu , Tani Keita , Yokoi Kunihiko
Published: July 2023

In the title compound, [Na(C22H19N4O4S)(CH3CN)]
n
, the NaI atom adopts a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry, formed by one N and one O atom of the qunolinol moiety in the ligand, two O atoms of sulfonate moieties of two adjacent ligands and the N atom of the coordinated acetonitrile solvent. The NaI atom is located well above the mean basal plane of the square-based pyramid. The apical position is occupied by a sulfonate O atom of a neighboring ligand. Three N atoms of the bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine moiety in the ligand are not coordinated by the sodium atom. The molecule forms an intramolecular bifurcated O—H...[N(tertiary amine),N(pyridine)] hydrogen bond, generating S(6) and S(5) rings. In the crystal, four molecules are linked by four Na—O(sulfonato) bridged coordination bonds, forming a supramolecular centrosymmetric tetramer unit comprising an eight-membered ring, and generating a two-dimensional network sheet. The molecules of different sheets form intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds, and thereby a three-dimensional network structure.
How digitalization saved 2020 European Capitals of Culture
Authors: Ricciardelli Alessandra , Del Vecchio Pasquale , Ventura Marzia , Reina Rocco
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The objective of this work is to identify the strategies of digitalization embraced by the European Capitals of Culture 2020 (ECoC) in replying to the limitations due to COVID-19 emergence and to understand how DT have impacted in terms of resilience and innovation. This study aims to provide a contribution at the understanding of the effects and benefits of the digitalization in supporting the reorganization of the cultural projects of ECoC 2020 in replying to the COVID-19.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is based on an exploratory multiple case study methodology. As a suitable investigative tool for the analysis of a contemporary phenomenon in their natural settings, case study methodology allows to integrate evidences resulting from multiple sources (Yin, 2006, 2008; Eisenhardt, 1989). Data collection, monitoring and analysis rely on the combination of Web-based desk analysis and social big data analytics. The integration of such sources has been addressed towards the investigation of the strategies of digitalization undertaken by the two ECoC cities, Galway in Ireland and Rijeka in Croatia, respectively.

Findings

Evidences in terms re-organization of the cultural projects, digitalization of the tourist experiences, commitment of local communities and visitors have been derived from the study while the cross comparison of the two cases has allowed to identify common and specific patterns.

Research limitations/implications

The paper presents some limitations. Firstly, the methodological approach as well as the nature of data collected suggest the need of future investigation with the inclusion of a larger sample of ECoCs and the inclusions of quantitative date related to trends of online cultural experiences and travel data. Secondly, the theoretical perspective of digitalization used in this study can be accompanied by other perspectives such as innovation and resilience capabilities of an ECoC.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the academic literature by providing a better understanding of the level of resilience generated vis-à-vis the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of DT in promoting participation in culture and implementing cultural initiatives of ECoCs. However, despite the relevance of the topic, the attention from the academic literature on the topic of digitalization in cultural and creative industries is still limited. Moreover, even more limited is the knowledge about the effects of DT and if their opportunities are actually transformed in positive outcomes.
Covid-19 pandemic and online accounting education: the experience of undergraduate accounting students in an emerging economy
Authors: Tetteh Lexis Alexander , Krah Redeemer , Ayamga Timothy Azaa , Ayarna-Gagakuma Leticia Apieleg , Offei-Kwafo Kwasi , Gbade Vivian Aku
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The study investigates the experiences of undergraduate students in using online learning platforms to study Accounting-related courses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses qualitative research approach and 89 undergraduate Accounting students from University of Professional Studies, Accra (UPSA) were purposively interviewed using semi-structured interview guide, observation and documentary evidence to achieve triangulation of data and results.

Findings

The study discovers that due to the Covid pandemic, the online Accounting learning system has a relative advantage over the physical classroom learning as the online pedagogy ensures that the students are safe and do not contract the virus. The findings further indicate that the university's engagement framework includes three units: engaging students with content on the university's Learning Management System (LMS), engaging students with their peers via group course WhatsApp platform and Zoom/Google Meet lectures, and engaging students with their instructors via the LMS, Zoom/Google Meet, and Group WhatsApp. Each unit is based on research-based best practices and strategies for online education such as the use of media (videos) to augment written course content and to improve student-to-content engagement, positive cognitive, collaborative, behavioural and emotional engagement of students. The university's strategies also encourage student-to-student involvement, as well as assessment and feedback. Regarding behavioural and emotional engagements, the study discovered that some lecturers' attitudes toward students coupled with insufficient administrative support influenced students to develop negative reactions to the use of online learning platforms for Accounting education.

Practical implications

This paper has the potential to inform and improve implementation of online Accounting education in developing countries where the digital divide is staggering and digital inclusion and infrastructure for online education are at a precarious stage that cannot be remedied overnight.

Social implications

The new context of Accounting education enables an increase in student enrolment because it does not require students to travel to or stay in a hostel for an extended period of time in order to earn an Accounting degree.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the Accounting education literature on emerging economies by providing new evidence of perception differences between higher education institutions and students. Education providers in emerging economies frequently adopt Western modes of online education without making structural adjustments. By empirically exploring students' opinions, this study challenges these managerial perceptions, and the findings will assist regulators and policymakers in making appropriate changes.
Surviving COVID-19 and beyond: a mixed-method study
Authors: Paranjape Swati , Patkar Amogh
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The present study was aimed to explore and analyse the multifaceted impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on quality-of-life of survivors, in physical, social, psychological and environmental health domains.

Design/methodology/approach

This explanatory mixed-method study was conducted on 20 patients admitted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital having mild-to-moderate clinical spectrum. Scores of WHO Quality of Life Brief Version (WHO QOL BREF) questionnaire, a quantitative data source, were recorded during admission and two months post-discharge. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth telephonic interviews 2 months post-discharge.

Findings

Statistically significant improvement in the quality-of-life was seen post-discharge in all four domains. Explanatory qualitative data derived four themes. This experience was life changing and metamorphic. Many participants experienced social exclusions. However, they outlived it with hope, faith and positive frame of mind. Quarantine, limiting social contact impacted largely the well-being and mental health of patients. Integrated care and multidisciplinary protocols are accentuated to combat future crisis.

Research limitations/implications

COVID-19 was a wake-up call to human race for radical change in healthcare policies. Researchers have emphasised the need to build resilient communities. The role of this research in building evidence as a basis for informed integrated care and decision making is vital. Study findings suggest that along with exhausting physical symptoms survivors experienced psychological symptoms highlighting the need of integrated approach and tailor-made strategies in assessment and treatment.

Originality/value

Lack of integrated approach in the system resulted in long-lasting physical and psychosocial impact on the survivors. This novel mixed methods research report, adding a valuable insight to body of knowledge through first-hand information, help provide evidence base which can account for future research, policy reforms and response.
Rotational thromboelastometry values across age groups in all trauma patients presenting to a level 1 trauma centre: An observational study
Authors: Simpson Jack , McCullough James , Walters Kerin , Wake Elizabeth , Ho Debbie , Chan Erick , Campbell Don , Winearls James
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To describe rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) values (FIBTEM A5, EXTEM A5 and EXTEM CT) across age groups and assess for a statistical trend; and to determine whether any trend in ROTEM values is affected by severity of injury and packed red blood cells (PRBC) requirement.

Methods

Retrospective observational study at a level 1 trauma centre in Queensland, Australia. A total of 1601 consecutive trauma patients presenting to the ED. ROTEM data described included FIBTEM A5, EXTEM A5 and EXTEM CT. These values are described by age group (≤30 years, 31–45 years, 46–60 years, 61–75 years and >75 years), Injury Severity Score (ISS) category (<12, ≥12, <25 and ≥25) and number of PRBCs transfused in the first 24 h of admission (0 units, 1–4 units, 5–9 units and ≥10 units).

Results

The median age of participants was 37 years (interquartile range [IQR] 25–54 years), with 48.2% of patients had severe trauma (ISS >12) and 13.2% receiving at least one unit of PRBC in the first 24 h of admission. Median (IQR) values for FIBTEM A5, EXTEM A5 and EXTEM CT were 13 mm (10–16 mm), 45 mm (40–49 mm) and 62 s (56–71 s), respectively. A test for trend over progressive age groups showed an increase in FIBTEM A5 (P < 0.001) and EXTEM A5 values (P < 0.001) and a decrease in EXTEM CT values (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The present study demonstrated a pattern of increasing coagulability, as defined by ROTEM, with increasing age group in trauma patients, even among the severely injured. Further investigation is required to determine the clinical impact of these findings on both the ROTEM‐guided management and longitudinal outcomes of these patients and whether an age‐specific approach is beneficial.
Asymmetric adjustment of control
Authors: van Pelt Victor
Published: July 2023

This study examines how principals adjust their control over agents based on their prior controlling experience. According to standard economic theory, principals should be equally willing to decrease their control as they are to increase it. However, I use psychological theory to predict that prior experience with exercising tight control reinforces a principal's belief that agents are self‐interested and that they should be controlled. In contrast, I predict that the reinforcement of the belief that agents are socially interested and should not be controlled is weaker for principals who have prior experience with exercising loose control. I test my prediction using an experiment that exposes principals to either an increase or a decrease in the economic costs of control. The results support the predictions by exhibiting an asymmetric adjustment pattern. The data also show theory‐consistent conditions under which the asymmetry in principals' control adjustments diminishes. Overall, my study suggests that prolonged experience with exercising high levels of control over agents may cause principals to hold on to their control disproportionally.
Spatiotemporal joint species distribution modelling: A basis function approach
Authors: Hui Francis K. C. , Warton David I. , Foster Scott D. , Haak Christopher R.
Published: July 2023

We introduce community‐level basis function models (CBFMs) as an approach for spatiotemporal joint distribution modelling. CBFMs can be viewed as related to spatiotemporal latent variable models, where the latent variables are replaced by a set of pre‐specified spatiotemporal basis functions which are common across species.

In a CBFM, the coefficients that link the basis functions to each species are treated as random slopes. As such, the CBFM can be formulated to have a similar structure to a generalised additive model. This allows us to adapt existing techniques to fit CBFMs efficiently.

CBFMs can be used for a variety of reasons, such as inferring patterns of habitat use in space and time, understanding how residual covariation between species varies spatially and/or temporally, and spatiotemporal predictions of species‐ and community‐level quantities.

A simulation study and an application to data from a bottom trawl survey conducted across the U.S. Northeast shelf show that CBFMs can achieve similar and sometimes better predictive performance compared to existing approaches for spatiotemporal joint species distribution modelling, while being computationally more scalable.
NAD metabolism: Role in senescence regulation and aging
Authors: Chini Claudia Christiano Silva , Cordeiro Heidi Soares , Tran Ngan Le Kim , Chini Eduardo Nunes
Published: July 2023

The geroscience hypothesis proposes that addressing the biology of aging could directly prevent the onset or mitigate the severity of multiple chronic diseases. Understanding the interplay between key aspects of the biological hallmarks of aging is essential in delivering the promises of the geroscience hypothesis. Notably, the nucleotide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) interfaces with several biological hallmarks of aging, including cellular senescence, and changes in NAD metabolism have been shown to be involved in the aging process. The relationship between NAD metabolism and cellular senescence appears to be complex. On the one hand, the accumulation of DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by low NAD+ can promote the development of senescence. On the other hand, the low NAD+ state that occurs during aging may inhibit SASP development as this secretory phenotype and the development of cellular senescence are both highly metabolically demanding. However, to date, the impact of NAD+ metabolism on the progression of the cellular senescence phenotype has not been fully characterized. Therefore, to explore the implications of NAD metabolism and NAD replacement therapies, it is essential to consider their interactions with other hallmarks of aging, including cellular senescence. We propose that a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between NAD boosting strategies and senolytic agents is necessary to advance the field.
Impact of personalized alcohol intake and cognitive feedback on alcohol use behavior in hazardous drinkers: A quasi‐randomized trial
Authors: Poulton Antoinette , Dali Gezelle , McGinness Clare , Clarke Sarah , Turner Tahlia , Liu Junwu , Giggins Jayde , Marcuson Ruth , Hester Robert
Published: July 2023

Background

Worldwide, alcohol use is a major contributor to the burden of disease and mortality. A sizeable literature suggests that brief web‐based interventions that incorporate personalized normative and/or health consequences feedback are effective at reducing alcohol intake. The relative efficacy of an intervention that also includes individualized feedback about brain health has not been examined, nor has the utility of integrating a smartphone app component.

Method

Participants (N = 436, Mage = 21.27) completed baseline protocols (n = 178 recorded alcohol use via an app for 14 days) and were then assigned to one of three feedback conditions using randomized block allocation with stratification based on the total number of standard drinks consumed. Control participants received no feedback; Alcohol Intake Feedback (Alc) participants received personalized information about their alcohol use; Alcohol Intake plus Cognitive Feedback (AlcCog) participants received personalized details about alcohol use plus individualized brain‐health information related to impulsivity. The impact of feedback on alcohol consumption behavior was examined as a function of feedback condition and hazardous/non‐harmful drinking status (as defined by the World Health Organization) at an 8‐week follow‐up.

Results

Hazardous drinkers in both the Alc and AlcCog conditions reduced their alcohol intake by 31% to 50% more than those in the Control condition. Reductions were not related to whether participants completed web‐ plus app‐based components or web‐only components of the intervention. There was no change in the alcohol intake of non‐harmful drinkers.

Conclusions

This proof‐of‐concept study showed that hazardous drinkers respond well to brief electronic interventions that incorporate personalized normative and/or health consequences feedback. Further research is required to determine how best to make impulsivity‐related brain‐health consequences of drinking manifest and how to maximize the potential of smartphones apps.
Mechanisms and pathways linking kindergarten behavior problems with mid‐life employment earnings for males from low‐income neighborhoods
Authors: Vergunst Francis , Vitaro Frank , Brendgen Mara , Larose Marie‐Pier , Girard Alain , Tremblay Richard E. , Côté Sylvana M.
Published: July 2023

Childhood behavior problems are associated with reduced labor market participation and lower earnings in adulthood, but little is known about the pathways and mechanisms that explain these associations. Drawing on a 33‐year prospective birth cohort of White males from low‐income backgrounds (n = 1040), we conducted a path analysis linking participants' teacher‐rated behavior problems at age 6 years—that is, inattention, hyperactivity, aggression‐opposition, and low prosociality—to employment earnings at age 35–39 years obtained from tax records. We examined three psychosocial mediators at age 11–12 years (academic, behavioral, social) and two mediators at age 25 years (non‐high school graduation, criminal convictions). Our findings support the notion that multiple psychosocial pathways—especially low education attainment—link kindergarten behavior problems to lower employment earnings decades later.
The use of different intranasal splints Doyle splints versus Reuter bivalve splints versus no splints in primary septal surgeries: A randomised clinical trial looking at morbidity
Authors: Abi Zeid Daou Christophe , Zaytoun Georges , Hadi Usamah , Fakhri Samer , Korban Zeina
Published: July 2023

Objective

The objective of this study is to compare the morbidity of different types of intranasal splints (Doyle splints and Reuter bivalve splints) with no intranasal splints in primary septal surgeries and concomitant submucosal reduction of the inferior turbinate.

Design

Randomised clinical trial

Setting

Single‐Center trial at a tertiary care facility

Participants

In this randomised clinical trial, 123 consecutive patients underwent primary septoplasty with bilateral submucosal reduction of the inferior turbinate, with no other concurrent procedure. Patients were randomised into three groups: Doyle splints, Reuter bivalve splints and patients with no splints placed.

Main Outcome Measures

Following surgery, the patients were seen at three consecutive visits. During each visit, the Visual Analogue Scale score for headache, nasal obstruction, overall pain and bleeding and an endoscopic score for secretions, oedema and synechiae was filled.

Results

Patients were randomised into three groups, 42 received Doyle splints, 41 Reuter bivalve splints and 40 had no splints inserted. When comparing the three groups, the first two post‐op visits were scheduled significantly earlier in patients with splints (p < .05). The scores from both groups with splints were statistically higher for headache, nasal obstruction and pain, for the first visit only (p < .05). There was no statistical difference between groups when looking at each subset of the endoscopic score, at each visit (p > .05).

Conclusion

Increased post‐operative pain, headaches and nasal obstruction scores were encountered in patients who had splints after surgery. However, endoscopic scores were statistically similar across the three groups with no difference in post‐operative endoscopic scores at each visit. and no difference was seen in symptom scores and endoscopic scores between patients with different splints.
Density‐dependent growth, survival, and biomass production of stocked glass eels (Anguilla anguilla) in seminatural ponds
Authors: Pedersen M. I. , Rasmussen G. , Jepsen N.
Published: July 2023

We sought to demonstrate how eel mortality, growth, and biomass production were related to initial stocking density of glass eels, 18 months after stocking. Glass eels with a mean body mass of 0.29 g were caught in three coastal streams of Denmark, and subsequently stocked at four densities (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 individuals m−2) in eight shallow, 200 m2, open ponds. Recapture after 18 months ranged from 13% to 84% and was negatively correlated with stocking density. Likewise, growth (length and body mass) and body condition were negatively correlated with stocking density. The theoretical maximum biomass per stocked glass eel was 7.3 g at a density of 0.005 eels per m−2 (one glass eel per pond), and the minimum was at a density of 3 glass eel m−2 (600 glass eels per pond). The optimum eel biomass was 3.9 g m−2 at a stocking density of ≈1 glass eel m−2, which probably represented the present production capacity (food) of these ponds.
Impact of transcatheter aortic valve implantation on circulating von Willebrand factor in patients with severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Varghese Sonu S. , Hetu Marie‐France , Bowman Mackenzie , Herr Julia , Al‐Turki Mohamed , Jaff Zardasht , James Paula , Malik Paul , Payne Darrin , Johri Amer M.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Severe aortic stenosis (AS) can lead to degradation of high molecular weight (HMW) von Willebrand factor (VWF) which can result in haemostatic abnormalities. While studies have explored changes in VWF profiles before and after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), the longer‐term changes in VWF profiles pre‐ and post‐transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are less understood.

Aim

Our primary objective was to identify differences in VWF multimer profiles and VWF function pre‐TAVI and 1‐month post‐TAVI. Our secondary objective was to correlate VWF markers with measures of AS severity.

Methods

Adult patients with severe AS referred for TAVI at our institution were prospectively enrolled in this cohort study. Blood samples were collected for plasma analysis at three time points for all patients: 1 day pre‐TAVI, 3 days post‐TAVI, and 1‐month post‐TAVI. VWF antigen, activity, propeptide, collagen binding, multimers, and factor VIII coagulant activity were determined at each time point. Correlations between VWF parameters and severity of AS were assessed.

Results

Twenty participants (15 males, five females) with severe AS were recruited for the study. There was a significant increase in HMW VWF between pre‐procedure and 1‐month post‐TAVI (p < .05). There was a transient increase in VWF antigen levels and activity at 3‐days post TAVI that decreased to pre‐TAVI levels at 1‐month. There were no statistically significant correlations between VWF markers and AS severity.

Conclusions

This is the first study to elucidate longer‐term (>1 week) improvements in HMW VWF after a TAVI procedure in severe AS patients.