bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Introversion/Extroversion Personality Trait and Proficiency in ESL Writing Skills
Authors: Qanwal Sumaira , Ghani Mamuna
Published: July 2019

The study aims at investigating the role of extroversion/introversion personality traits in learning writing skills of English as a second language. The selected sample for the research consisted of 57 participants who undertook instruction on ‘Essay Writing and Presentation’ for six months as a formal course of study in their MA English Program. The research tools consisted of a questionnaire and an achievement test on writing skills. The questionnaire consisted of 30 items all adopted from Eysenck’s Personality Questionnaire to measure the introversion/extroversion traits of students’ personality. After identifying their personality trait (i.e., introvert, extrovert and neurotic), the participants were given an achievement test on writing skills. The participants’ scores in the achievement test were submitted to SPSS and independent sample t-test was applied. The findings reveal that a significant difference exists between the writing achievement of introvert and extrovert learner groups. However, no difference is found between the writing performance of neurotic and introvert learner groups or between neurotic and extrovert learner groups. The results also reveal that introverts are better learners of ESL writing skills as compared to the extroverts.
Characterization of O-demethylations and Aromatic Hydroxylations Mediated by Cytochromes P450 in the Metabolism of Flavonoid Aglycons
Authors: Benković Goran , Rimac Hrvoje , Maleš Željan , Tomić Siniša , Lončar Zoran , Bojić Mirza
Published: July 2019

One of the most important groups of metabolic enzymes is cytochrome P450 superfamily. These enzymes are important in terms of the catalytic diversity and the large number of xenobiotics that are detoxified or activated by converting to reactive metabolites. Flavonoids are xenobiotics to which humans are exposed through diet. Data on their oxidative metabolism mediated by cytochromes P450 are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the enzymatic kinetics of O-demethylation and aromatic hydroxylation of flavonoid aglycons on recombinant cytochrome P450 enzymes and human liver microsomes systems. The study was performed on ten flavonoids, namely 3,7-dihydroxyflavone, 7-hydroxyflavone, acacetin, apigenin, flavone, galangin, kaempferol, naringenin, sakuranetin, and tangeretin using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and UV detector. Most relevant enzyme involved in metabolism of flavonoid aglycons is CYP1A2, and its catalytic effectiveness ranges from 0.5 to 2.9 × 106 M–1 min–1. Having in mind high expression and involvement of CYP1A2 in metabolism of xenobiotics including drugs, and its intraindividual differences in expression and activity, potential of drug-flavonoid competitive interactions/inhibitions should be considered when consuming dietary supplement and foods rich in flavonoids.
Improving the Lifting Capacity of Drilled Cuttings Using Henna Leaf Extracts and Lignite in Bentonite Water-based Drilling Mud
Authors: Oseh Jeffrey Onuoma , Anam Muhammad Noorul , Sidiqi Adams Rasyid
Published: July 2019

One of the basic functions of drilling fluids is to transport drilled cuttings to the surface. Bentonite with low solids content is preferred in carrying out this task. However, a low amount of bentonite in the drilling mud is incapable of effective cuttings lifting and suspension. In this study, a new, green, low-cost henna leaf extract and lignite in bentonite water-based drilling mud was used to transport cuttings to the surface. The effects of three hole angles (0°, 45° and 90°) were examined at different cuttings size diameters (0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 2.0 mm and 2.4 mm) for the mud systems. The average cuttings transport efficiencies were found to be in the following order: 52-94% for 0.5 mm diameter, 45-93% for 1.0 mm diameter, 38-90% for 2.0 mm diameter, and 33-83% for 2.4 mm diameter. Viscosity and hole angle are directly related to cuttings transport efficiency. A plastic viscosity of 16 cP and yield point of 12.5 lb/100ft² were the most effective mud properties for a 45° hole angle, which needs attention while preparing the drilling mud. Addition of henna and lignite can be used to improve the rheological and filtration properties of bentonite water-based drilling mud.
Presidenta com a: notas sobre marcações históricas e políticas da língua
Authors: Stauffer Leilane Tolentino
Published: July 2019

Neste artigo, buscamos observar as marcas de silenciamento e de evidenciamento em conteúdos divulgados em portais de notícias brasileiros a respeito do uso da expressão presidenta. Por meio dos resultados de busca disponíveis na primeira página do Google, o corpus integra seis matérias veiculadas nos sites Uol, Exame, Veja, iG, Estado de Minas e CartaCapital. A fim de discutir as marcações históricas e políticas da língua, ancoramo-nos nas reflexões de Pêcheux (1990), Nunes (2008) e Orlandi (2007, 2012, 2013), autores da Análise de Discurso francesa de orientação pecheutiana. Diante do corpus, consideramos necessário também abordar o Jornalismo como meio de disputa, incorporando as contribuições de Biroli e Miguel (2017). A partir de indícios e angulações, observamos como sentidos se constroem no e pelo discurso.
Aproximações entre imagem e palavra nas artes gráficas e visuais
Authors: Silva Rubens Rangel , Marques Ângela Cristina Salgueiro
Published: July 2019

Este artigo propõe um estudo das possíveis relações entre imagem e palavra nas artes gráficas e visuais, principalmente a partir das transformações técnicas nos meios de reprodução gráfica no final do século XIX, com o aprimoramento da litografia e da cromalitografia, e das mudanças na arte no início do século XX, com a dissolução dos limites entre as linguagens artísticas. Reforça uma perspectiva de estudo das relações entre os diferentes meios em que são valorizadas não só homologias e similitudes, mas também antagonismos e dissonâncias entre imagem e palavra. Prioriza o estudo das interações entre os recursos visuais e verbais, bem como os elementos pictóricos da palavra e os elementos poéticos da imagem, trazendo para nossa reflexão trabalhos de artistas como Jules Chéret, Pablo Picasso, Paul Klee, Georges Breque, Stéphane Mallarmé e outros. Propõe também uma reflexão acerca de como experimentações e montagens entre imagem e escritura podem produzir gestos que entrelaçam a estética e a política.
O fazer a partir da Imagem: arte-criação em Sylvio da Cunha e Carlos Drummond de Andrade
Authors: Zrzebiela Fernanda
Published: July 2019

Iniciamos este texto com o diagnóstico de uma inquietação: aquela do olhar quediante da fotografia se interroga a respeito do problema da aparição. Ao longo do trajeto percorrido pelo olhar “leitor” do poeta, que se mostra sensível ao eco das obras alheias, desdobram-se as especulações em torno do que seja uma arte verdadeiramente criadora, num amadurecimento da noção do fazer artístico que passa, necessariamente, pela inteligência do sensível. Diante de tais considerações, interessa-nos voltar a atenção para a emergência, na produção de Drummond pós-45, de um entendimento que concebe a criação artísticaa partir da imagem, em consonância com o diálogo possível que se pode estabelecer com as reflexões em torno da arte criadora - neste caso, fotográfica - então desenvolvidas por Sylvio da Cunha em sua coluna intitulada "Os pássaros do retratista", mantida no suplemento Letras e Artes do jornal A Manhã, a partir de 1947.
A performatização da poética da desumanização: errância do sujeito e da escrita literária
Authors: Alfeld Elisabete
Published: July 2019

Em A desumanização (MÃE, 2014), Halla, narradora e personagem, transitando pela natureza fabulosa dos fiordes, conta a sua história enredando rastros de lembranças e de memórias lendárias com o que resta para viver. Nesse contar, a escrita literária revela “uma linguagem duplicada, já que, ao mesmo tempo que conta uma história, que conta alguma coisa, deverá, a cada instante, mostrar e tornar visível o que a literatura é, o que a linguagem da literatura é” (FOUCAULT, 2016, p. 90). O objetivo que norteia este estudo pretende abordar na escritura do romance os aspectos performáticos da escrita literária que, a partir da poética da desumanização, configura a errância do sujeito que transita entre a vida e a morte e a errância da escrita que transita entre a prosa e a poesia; entre a ficção e o ensaio poético.
Hasta no verte jesús mío: uma leitura descolonial de Josefina Bórquez
Authors: Caser Maria Mirtis , Fernandes Leite Mariana Marise
Published: July 2019

Este artigo analisa a obra Hasta no verte Jesús Mío, de Elena Poniatowska, propondo a possibilidade de a narração, que é baseada em uma série de entrevistas cedidas por uma mexicana real chamada Josefina Bórquez, ser uma releitura crítica da realidade histórica e social na qual Bórquez viveu e a partir da qual surgiram suas memórias Desse ponto de vista, defende que essa releitura está em diálogo com o feminismo e, mais especificamente, com o conjunto de propostas ao qual se vincula o feminismo descolonial. Para tal fim, a análise parte do princípio de que o texto, pela ausência que possuiria de limites tanto em sua relação com a realidade, quanto em relação à ficção, como bem comprova o trabalho de Cynthia Steele (2018), é pertencente à gama de textos da tendência que Josefina Ludmer (2013) denomina de pós-autonomia. Apoia-se ainda em Elaine Showalter, em A crítica feminista no território selvagem (1994), e María Lugones em Colonialidad y Género (2018), Rumo Ao Feminismo Descolonial (2018) e Multiculturalismo radical y feminismos de mujeres de color (2018), para apresentar as semelhanças entre a narração e as noções de crítica feminista e de feminismo descolonial, de forma a apontá-lo como uma possível releitura descolonial da experiência original a partir da qual foi criado.
Disjunção, conjunção e enarmonia: análise do conto “Nenhum, nenhuma” de João Guimarães Rosa.
Authors: Salles Rodrigo
Published: July 2019

A partir da leitura crítica de Luiz Tatit e Marília Librandi Rocha, este trabalho procura demonstrar a relevância de duas forças aparentemente opostas na composição do conto “Nenhum, nenhuma” de Guimarães Rosa: uma disjuntiva, que diz respeito ao tempo enquanto agente desagregador capaz de nos transformar em estranhos de nós mesmos; e outra conjuntiva, a latência. As cinco personagens estariam decididamente disjuntadas ou seriam uma o estado de latência da outra? O trabalho conclui com o triunfo da ambiguidade: não a prevalência, mas a presença vacilante de ambas as forças. Assim, o conto mantém uma poética enarmônica - conceito musical que expressa a diferença naquilo que contém a mesma substância - ilustrada no paradoxo final deixado pelo narrador: “eu; eu?”.
El currículum de Educación Musical en los Programas Renovados y el Real Decreto 1006/1991: un estudio comparado
Authors: López Melgarejo Alba María , Vicente Nicolas Gregorio , González Barea Eva María
Published: July 2019

The aim of this work has been to detect the differences and similarities from the point of view of Music Education among the Programas Renovados (Renewed Programs), the last document published in Spain before the emergence of the curriculum concept and how we conceive it today, and the Real Decree 1006/1991, that established the curricula for Primary School. For this, a comparative analysis of the aforementioned texts has been carried out through a documentary analysis that has allowed to contrast the legal framework, the character, the curricular functions, the configuration of the music area, structure, elements, musical areas, as well as the degree of concretion of both documents. The results reveal a high degree of difference between the Renewed Programs and Royal Decree 1006/1991 regarding the curricular functions, because the former served as a guide for the teaching staff, while the latter, in addition to the previous function, made explicit the intentions of the educational system for the stage. Likewise, a high degree of difference between the structure of the Musical Education elements of both documents has been verified. However, it has been observed a common presence of contents related to different areas of Music Education (singing, instrumentation, listening, movement and dance...), as well as a dual approach that includes the perceptual dimension and expressive of them.
Educar el pasado: perspectivas para una investigación comparada sobre la «Historia profunda» y «universal»
Authors: Salomoni David
Published: July 2019

This article takes into account the recent trend of historiography towards a return to a universal conception of history. This universalism consists mainly in a global and profound vision of the past. Such an approach is assessed here through the comparative observation of some recent works that have provoked a lively debate in the academic community. This orientation, however, is far from new; it is rather a return. The most important historical works produced from the Middle Ages to the eve of modernity, in fact, have considered human history as a whole. The reduction of the time frames in scholarly works analysed here, although responding to contingent and concrete needs, according to some intellectuals caused cultural ‘short circuits’ that prevented us from grasping the same historical events that historians were trying to understand and guide. In this article, I will try to put ancient universalism into dialogue with modern universalism, underlining the pedagogical value of this way of writing history and the centrality of educational institutions in consolidating and transmitting it. The historiographical works considered here do not necessarily exhaust the whole panorama of publications on this theme. In my opinion, however, they are the most representative and innovative of this new and at the same time ancient trend. What they have in common is the renewed sensitivity of the scientific community towards a multidisciplinary and inclusive approach, which uses the recent acquisitions of a wide range of sciences, including geology, anthropology, archaeology, physics, for the study of human history.
La metodología comparatista en los estudios literarios
Authors: Mombelli Davide
Published: July 2019

This article is a first essay of classification of the main terms and concepts related to the methodology of Comparative Literature. The material is organized in three different sections. In the first section we proceed to some brief terminological and conceptual preliminary clarifications about the Comparison and Comparative Literature as a discipline. The second part describes the first comparative operation, namely the one inherent to the delimitation of the objects to be compared. The third and final part deals with the mode of comparison in its different conceptual and terminological concretions. In our analysis we have taken into account the main manuals of Comparative Literature, as well as other theoretical works about the methodology, the theory or the history of the discipline.
Cell lineage trees: the central structure plus key dynamics of biological aging and formulating the limiting problem of comprehensive organismal rejuvenation
Authors: Csordas Attila
Published: July 2019

The argument makes the case for cell lineage trees and cell tree dynamics to be considered as the central structure and process of understanding organismal level, multicellular biological aging. The upper limit challenge of counteracting biological aging is comprehensive organismal rejuvenation. The limiting theoretical problem of comprehensive biological rejuvenation is to find an algorithm to restore the balance and maintain the healthy dynamics of the aging organismal cell lineage tree. The most comprehensive medical solution of biological aging needs to use individual cell lineage trees as a central tool for diagnosis and treatment.
Polyarteritis Nodosa Following Vaccination Against Hepatitis B Virus with Lower-Extremity Manifestations: A Case Report
Authors: Wright Daniel R. , Davis Jenni M. , Robstad Karl , Shah Melissa D. , Keller Michael C. , Froude John R.L.
Published: July 2019

Polyarteritis nodosa is a progressive, often life-threatening, vasculitis affecting multiple organs, including the skin and peripheral nerves. We report a patient presenting with systemic features of the disease and with characteristic lesions in the feet 3 weeks after vaccination against hepatitis B virus infection.
Juxtapositioning Populism and Professionalism
Authors: Friedman Andrew Lloyd
Published: July 2019

By denigrating expertise and challenging the value of evidence-based statements, advice and policies, populism challenges professions and professionalism. Arguably it is imperative for the professions to meet the challenge: but how? Here we provide an approach by juxtaposing populism and professionalism; two complex, ambiguous and contested phenomena with different and rarely connected literatures. Ontic and ontological definitions of each are compared and a method is developed for juxtaposing elements of their ontic definitions. Elements compared are: Manichean distinctions; disintermediation; morality v. ethics; emotionalism v. rationalism; and transparency. These are used to further understanding of both populism and professionalism and to provide insights into different ways the challenge of populism can be met: fighting it head on, adjusting to reduce the import of criticisms and perhaps controversially, adopting or at least adapting certain populist elements.
Development of Instant Ox Tail Soup Supplemented with Mushroom and Moringa Leaves
Authors: Makhungu M. L. , Njue L. G.
Published: July 2019

Background: Food consumption has been changing during the past decade and need for instant formulation is being increased. The potential of growth of convenience foods in Kenya is vastly untapped.

Objective: This study was to develop a dehydrated instant ox tail soup mix supplemented with mushroom and Moringa leaves and other vegetables to enhance its protein quality and reduce the difficulty in preparation of the soup inorder to minimize the problem of protein-energy malnutrition in Kenya.

Methods: After destalking, washing was done. The whole leaves were boiled with 0.1% (v/v) sodium metabi-sulphite for 10 minutes.. The leaves were then spread out on the racks for 15 min. The leaves were then spread thinly on mesh and allowed to dry in the oven dryer for four 4 hours. The dried leaves were ground into powder and packaged in a plastic container and stored at room temperature. Fresh oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostearus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. were cleaned, chopped into small pieces of about 5-7 mm thickness, then pretreated by blanching in water at 60ºC for about 2 minutes, cooked and dried to a moisture content of 5-7%, then dried, sieved and stored in airtight containers. The oxtail was cut into small pieces and soaked in vinegar for 10 minutes this is because vinegar tends to kill salmonella, E coli and other gram-negative bacteria. It was then taken to an oven to dry it further at 70ºC for 48 hours, then ground and packed in airtight container at room temperatures. Tomatoes were cut into slices, cooked, cooled, and the pulp was dried in an oven drier for 3 hours at 60ºC. The dried pulp was ground and packaged in airtight glass containers. Proximate analysis was done according to AOAC methods (2005).

Results: Proximate analysis were as follows: Oyster mushroom powder the fat, ash, protein, , moisture and total carbohydrates were as follows 2.5%, 8.1%, 31.5% 3, 73%  and 40.8% respectively on dry weight basis. In the case of Moringa powder the fat, ash, protein, and total carbohydrate results were as follows: 6.3%, 9.5%, 33.4%, and 57.63%.

Ox tail powder the results were as follows fat was 14.6%, ash 5.1%, protein 23.7%, total carbohydrates 36.2% and moisture content 4.72%.

Conclusion: Instant oxtail soup supplemented with mushroom and Moringa Leaves can be developed using Oyster mushroom.
Métodos para detectar a doença cárie em populações: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Castro Ana Luiza Sarno , Mendes Carlos Mauricio Cardeal , Vianna Maria Isabel Pereira
Published: July 2019

Introdução: Não existe um consenso quanto ao método mais adequado para a detecção da cárie em populações. Esses métodos são essenciais na produção do conhecimento sobre a doença, na observação da sua distribuição nos diferentes lugares e populações, na investigação dos fatores de risco, bem como no adequado planejamento em saúde bucal. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão de literatura no intuito de atualizar o conhecimento científico produzido sobre este tema nos últimos dez anos de forma a contribuir para a escolha do melhor método para mensurar cárie em populações. Metodologia: Foram pesquisados nas bases de dados SciELO e PubMed os descritores, cárie dentária, índice CPO, inquérito epidemiológico de cárie. Dentre os artigos pesquisados, foram selecionados 14 por abordarem diferentes métodos para mensurar a cárie. Conclusão: É necessário realizar mais estudos para estabelecer quais métodos devem ser utilizados para mensurar a doença cárie em populações.
Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B in individuals born between1945-1985 on a brazilian regional metropolis
Authors: Simoes Jucara Magalhaes , Schaer Robert Eduard , Bastos Fernanda Anjos , Silva Juvenal Da Encarnação , Trindade Soraya Castro , Meyer Roberto , Paraná Raymundo , Schinoni Maria Isabel , Freire Songeli Menezes
Published: July 2019

Introdução: A prevalência de hepatite B pode ser influenciada pelo comportamento sócio-cultural e a geração Baby Boomer (BB) (1945-1964) pode ter sido mais suscetível a esta infecção. Objetivos: Investigar a soroprevalência de marcadores para a infecção pelo VHB e resposta vacinal e associação com fatores de risco. Metodologia: Soro de indivíduos de 30 a 70 anos randomicamente selecionados em um laboratório publico de análises clínicas na área metropolitana do Brasil foram testados para AgHBs/ Anti-HBc Total /Anti-HBs/Anti-HBc-IgM. Todos responderam questionário sociodemografico contendo perguntas sobre fatores de risco para hepatite B. Resultados: Dos 650 participantes, 349 eram BB (51-70 anos) e 301 eram não-BB (30-50 anos). As prevalências estimadas foram: HBsAg (2,3%), Anti-HBs (27,4%). Entre os   Anti-HBc Total (17,1%) apenas 2,7% foram Anti-HBc IgM. Os perfis laboratoriais foram caracterizados como suscetibilidade (68%), resposta vacinal (14,8%) e contato com VHB (17,2%). Na distribuição por idade, os BB foram mais susceptíveis, menos vacinados e apresentaram  maior frequência de contato/infecção que os não-BB. Diferenças estatisticamente significantes foram encontradas no status contato/infecção e as seguintes variáveis: sexo masculino, uso de drogas ilícitas, compartilhamento de seringas de vidro/agulhas e transfusão de sangue. Não-BB com status contato/infecção relataram ter mais tatuagem/piercing e BB relataram maior uso de seringas de vidro. Conclusão:  A maioria da população estudada era suscetível ao VHB, mas os participantes com mais de 50 anos apresentaram tanto uma maior frequência desse status quanto do status contato/infecção, sugerindo a necessidade de maior atenção à saúde para indivíduos desta faixa etária.
Estilo de vida e autopercepção em saúde no controle do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2
Authors: Moura Kelvin Leite , De Sá Catão Carmem Dolores , Lima Rafael De Araújo , Da Cruz Jackson Borba
Published: July 2019

Introdução: O Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) representa uma doença crônica de elevada prevalência, sendo o estilo de vida responsável pela maioria dos novos casos. Além disso, a percepção que o paciente diabético possui acerca de sua doença atua como fator de proteção. Objetivo: verificar se o estilo de vida e a autopercepção em saúde interferem no controle glicêmico de pacientes com DM2. Metodologia: estudo observacional, transversal e analítico, desenvolvido com pacientes diabéticos de um Hospital Universitário. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário e analisados utilizando o teste qui-quadro de Pearson ou o teste exato de Fisher, quando apropriado, para determinar associações. O nível de significância foi fixado em 5% (p<0,05). O controle glicêmico foi avaliado a partir dos valores da glicemia de jejum e hemoglobina glicada A1C (HbA1C). Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes era do gênero feminino, tinha 60 anos ou mais, possuía baixa renda e escolaridade. Além disso, eram tabagistas, etilistas e estavam com a doença descontrolada. Foram verificadas associações estatisticamente significantes entre o nível de controle glicêmico e gênero (p=0,003), tabagismo (p=0,004), sedentarismo (p<0,001), escovação dentária (p<0,001) e uso de fio dental (p<0,001). Por fim, a maior parte acreditava haver relação entre DM2 e amputação de membros (90,2%), hipertensão arterial sistêmica (72,5%) e catarata (62,7%). Conclusão: Destaca-se a importância do acompanhamento dos pacientes diabéticos e ressalta-se que a autopercepção amplia as possibilidades de acesso aos serviços de saúde. Ademais, os dados obtidos fornecem informações a serem utilizadas para a prevenção das complicações do DM2.
Custos na Agricultura: uma Análise da Viabilidade Econômica da Implantação da Produção Integrada de Mamão no Extremo Sul da Bahia
Authors: Silva Saulus Santos da , Silva Luiz Ivan dos Santos , Dias Cristiane Balbina Pereira de Araújo , Pereira Daniel De Jesus
Published: July 2019

A agropecuária tem sido responsável por grande parte do superávit da balança comercial brasileira. Porém, por exigência do mercado internacional, os produtores de frutas do Brasil precisam se adequar a normas de certificação para continuarem exportando. O sistema de certificação brasileiro, a Produção Integrada de Frutas - PIF, requer investimentos de implantação e tende a alterar os custos de produção. Este trabalho analisou-se a viabilidade econômica da implantação desse sistema de produção em fazendas de mamão do Extremo Sul da Bahia a partir de entrevistas nas três propriedades certificadas em maio de 2007, utilizando-se de uma pesquisa. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica com o levantamento dos pontos de adequação às Normas Técnicas Específicas (NTE) da PIF-Mamão. O estudo demonstra a viabilidade econômica da implantação do sistema de Produção Integrada de Mamão para o Extremo Sul da Bahia, com vantagem comparativa em relação ao sistema de produção convencional.
Percepção de Valor e Custeio Alvo: Um Estudo no Segmento de Móveis Planejados
Authors: Bruni Adriano Leal , Carvalho Júnior César Valentim de Oliveira , Paixão Roberto Brazileiro , Figueiredo Moreno , Silva Júnior José Valdir Garcia da
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho buscou estudar uma empresa do ramo de móveis planejados com o objetivo de determinar os atributos de valor e o custo alvo da mesma. O estudo de caso foi efetuado na empresa Top Lar, Projetos & Decoração, localizada no bairro da Calçada, Salvador, Bahia. Para atingir aos objetivos de pesquisa propostos, foram utilizados como instrumentos de coleta de dados um questionário e um roteiro de entrevistas para identificação dos atributos de valor atribuídos pelos clientes de micro-empresas de móveis planejados. Os resultados encontrados evidenciam que o custo máximo admissível é superior ao custo estimado pela empresa o que gerou um custo alvo negativo. Este fato amplia a zona de conforto para que o gestor do negócio invista em melhorias para expandir os benefícios agregados ao produto oferecido e aumente o valor percebido pelo cliente, reduzindo sua sensibilidade a preço. Por fim, entende-se que as ferramentas para determinação da percepção de valor e dos índices de valor trazem benefícios importantes para a tomada de decisão e definição da estratégia de formação de preço, redução de custos e maximização dos resultados.
Synthesis of β2,2‐Amino Esters via Rh‐Catalysed Regioselective Hydroaminomethylation
Authors: Cunillera Anton , Ruiz Aurora , Godard Cyril
Published: July 2019

The synthesis of β2,2‐amino esters was successfully achieved via Rh‐catalysed regioselective hydroaminomethylation of methyl methacrylate with secondary amines using the neutral precursor [Rh(acac)(CO)2]. In this process, the presence of molecular sieves revealed crucial in order to access the final amino ester. For the synthesis of products containing aniline derivatives, the use of the cationic precursor [Rh(COD)2]BF4 and MeCgPPh phosphine as ligand was necessary in a mixture of toluene/DCE as solvent. Effects of the steric and electronic properties of the amines were observed during this study. Interestingly, poisoning effect of CO in the hydrogenation of the imine intermediate was observed when benzyl amine was used.

magnified image
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels‐Alder Reaction of Pyrrolidone‐Dienes with Enals
Authors: Wu Shu‐Xiao , Gu Bo‐Qi , Xu Hui , Zheng Xing , Luo Xiaoyan , Deng Wei‐Ping
Published: July 2019

A new pyrrolidone‐diene synthon was devised, and the inverse‐electron‐demand Diels‐Alder reaction of pyrrolidone‐dienes with enals catalyzed by chiral secondary amines has been disclosed. A variety of enantioenriched, multifunctionalized hexahydro‐isoindol‐1‐one derivatives were obtained in good yields (up to 75%) with excellent stereoselectivities (up to >20:1 dr and >99% ee).

magnified image
Doping and Anisotropy–Dependent Electronic Transport in Chalcogenide Perovskite CaZrSe3 for High Thermoelectric Efficiency
Authors: Osei‐Agyemang Eric , Enninful Adu Challen , Balasubramanian Ganesh
Published: July 2019

The potential of an environmentally friendly and emerging chalcogenide perovskite CaZrSe3 for thermoelectric applications is examined. The orthorhombic phase of CaZrSe3 has an optimum band gap (1.35–1.40 eV) for single‐junction photovoltaic applications. The predictions reveal that CaZrSe3 possesses an absorption coefficient of ≈4 × 105 cm−1 at photon energies of 2.5 eV with an early onset of optical absorption (≈0.2 eV) well below the optimum band gap. Seebeck coefficient, S, is inversely proportional to the carrier mobility as the calculated average effective mass for electrons is higher than for holes; p‐type doping enhances the electrical conductivity, σ. The electronic thermal conductivity κe remains low at all temperatures. The upper limit of the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZTe) attains ≈1.0 when doped at specific chemical potentials, while a high Seebeck coefficient contributes to the ZTe = 1.95 at 50 K for p‐type doping with 1018 cm−3 carrier concentration, demonstrating high thermoelectric efficiency.
Pre‐eclampsia and long‐term cardiac dysfunction: A review of asymptomatic cardiac changes existing well beyond the post‐partum period
Authors: Thayaparan Archana S , Said Joanne M , Lowe Sandra A , McLean Anthony , Yang Yang
Published: July 2019

Background

Pre‐eclampsia is a disease of pregnancy characterised by the manifestations of multi‐organ dysfunction. The recent use of transthoracic echocardiography in the assessment of women with pre‐eclampsia has allowed the detection of cardiac systolic and diastolic dysfunction in the acute phase. Women with a history of pre‐eclampsia also have increased lifelong risks of cardiovascular disease and mortality that persists well beyond the post‐partum period. These developments raise the possibility that pre‐eclampsia may be an early marker of cardiovascular disease and the potential role for echocardiography in guiding the detection and management of this. This review aims to summarise the existing evidence of echocardiographic cardiac assessment of women with a history of pre‐eclampsia performed more than 12 weeks post‐partum.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed and OVID EMBASE databases was performed to identify studies featuring assessment of cardiac function performed after 12 weeks post‐partum in women with a history of pre‐eclampsia. Studies without post‐partum cardiac assessment or with other documented causes for cardiomyopathy were excluded.

Results

Thirteen studies were identified that measured cardiac function by transthoracic echocardiography between 6 months and 18 years following a pregnancy complicated by pre‐eclampsia. Common findings across the studies were of increased diastolic dysfunction, increased left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and concentric hypertrophy in women with a history of pre‐eclampsia, as compared to women with uncomplicated pregnancy histories. This was predominantly seen in those with a history of early or preterm pre‐eclampsia.

Conclusions

Women with a history of early or preterm pre‐eclampsia have an increased prevalence of diastolic dysfunction. This review demonstrates that the cardiac dysfunction associated with previous pre‐eclampsia is quantifiable and persistent. Progression of heart failure from asymptomatic to symptomatic stages carries a fivefold increase in mortality. The use of echocardiography could detect cardiac dysfunction in the asymptomatic stage and guide more intensive risk factor modification in these women.
Die zentrale Rolle der Methodenentwicklung in der gerichteten Evolution selektiver Enzyme
Authors: Qu Ge , Li Aitao , Acevedo‐Rocha Carlos G. , Sun Zhoutong , Reetz Manfred T.
Published: July 2019

Die gerichtete Evolution von stereo‐, regio‐ und chemoselektiven Enzymen ist ein einzigartiges Verfahren zur Herstellung von Biokatalysatoren für synthetisch interessante Transformationen. Methodenentwicklung war und bleibt unerlässlich, um diese Technik des Protein‐Engineerings effizient, schnell, zuverlässig und als relevant für die organische Chemie zu gestalten. Dieser Aufsatz widmet sich den jüngsten Entwicklungen auf diesem Gebiet, wobei frühe wichtige Beiträge ebenfalls Beachtung finden. Er schreibt die Optimierung molekularbiologischer Methoden zur Genmutagenese und Strategien für deren effizienten Einsatz, um so den Screeningaufwand (der Engpass in der gerichteten Evolution) möglichst gering zu halten. Im Hinblick auf die laborbasierte Evolution von Selektivität und Aktivität hat sich ergeben, dass fortgeschrittene Versionen von CAST (Combinatorial Active‐site Saturation Test) und iterativer Sättigungsmutagenese (ISM) als spezielle Formen der Sättigungsmutagenese (SM) an der Bindungstasche bevorzugt verwendet werden, unterstützt durch In‐silico‐Methoden wie Maschinellem Lernen. Die jüngst vorgeschlagene FRISM‐Technik (Focused Rational Iterative Site‐specific Mutagenesis) gilt als Fusion von rationalem Design und gerichteter Evolution. Die chemische Festphasensynthese von Genen auf einem Chip zum schnellen Bibliotheksaufbau vermeidet eine unerwünschte Präferenz spezifischer Aminosäuren und verbessert die Qualität von Substanzbibliotheken erheblich – ist dies die Zukunft der gerichteten Evolution?
Antwort auf den Kommentar zu “Stabilisierung eines niedrigvalenten Eisen(I)‐Ions in einem hochvalentem molekularen Vanadium(V) Oxid‐Cluster”
Authors: Anjass Montaha H. , Kastner Katharina , Nägele Florian , Ringenberg Mark , Boas John F. , Zhang Jie , Bond Alan , Jacob Timo , Streb Carsten
Published: July 2019

Die Autoren der Zuschrift “Stabilisierung eines niedrigvalenten Eisen(I)‐Ions in einem hochvalentem molekularen Vanadium(V) Oxid‐Cluster” antworten auf ein Kommentar von Dr. Sproules, der eine alternative Interpretation der Metall‐Oxidationsstufen im Zwei‐Elektronen‐reduzierten Cluster (NH2Me2)[(FeCl)V12O32Cl]4− liefert.
De novo Design of Selective Membrane‐Active Peptides by Enzymatic Control of Their Conformational Bias on the Cell Surface
Authors: Shi Junfeng , Schneider Joel P.
Published: July 2019

Selectively targeting the membrane‐perturbing potential of peptides towards a distinct cellular phenotype allows one to target distinct populations of cells. We report the de novo design of a new class of peptide whose ability to perturb cellular membranes is coupled to an enzyme‐mediated shift in the folding potential of the peptide into its bioactive conformation. Cells rich in negatively charged surface components that also highly express alkaline phosphatase, for example many cancers, are susceptible to the action of the peptide. The unfolded, inactive peptide is dephosphorylated, shifting its conformational bias towards cell‐surface‐induced folding to form a facially amphiphilic membrane‐active conformer. The fate of the peptide can be further tuned by peptide concentration to affect either lytic or cell‐penetrating properties, which are useful for selective drug delivery. This is a new design strategy to afford peptides that are selective in their membrane‐perturbing activity.
Infrared Spectroscopic Observation of a G–C+ Hoogsteen Base Pair in the DNA:TATA‐Box Binding Protein Complex Under Solution Conditions
Authors: Stelling Allison L. , Liu Amy Y. , Zeng Wenjie , Salinas Raul , Schumacher Maria A. , Al‐Hashimi Hashim M.
Published: July 2019

Hoogsteen DNA base pairs (bps) are an alternative base pairing to canonical Watson–Crick bps and are thought to play important biochemical roles. Hoogsteen bps have been reported in a handful of X‐ray structures of protein–DNA complexes. However, there are several examples of Hoogsteen bps in crystal structures that form Watson–Crick bps when examined under solution conditions. Furthermore, Hoogsteen bps can sometimes be difficult to resolve in DNA:protein complexes by X‐ray crystallography due to ambiguous electron density and by solution‐state NMR spectroscopy due to size limitations. Here, using infrared spectroscopy, we report the first direct solution‐state observation of a Hoogsteen (G–C+) bp in a DNA:protein complex under solution conditions with specific application to DNA‐bound TATA‐box binding protein. These results support a previous assignment of a G–C+ Hoogsteen bp in the complex, and indicate that Hoogsteen bps do indeed exist under solution conditions in DNA:protein complexes.
The Crucial Role of Methodology Development in Directed Evolution of Selective Enzymes
Authors: Qu Ge , Li Aitao , Acevedo‐Rocha Carlos G. , Sun Zhoutong , Reetz Manfred T.
Published: July 2019

Directed evolution of stereo‐, regio‐, and chemoselective enzymes constitutes a unique way to generate biocatalysts for synthetically interesting transformations in organic chemistry and biotechnology. In order for this protein engineering technique to be efficient, fast, and reliable, and also of relevance to synthetic organic chemistry, methodology development was and still is necessary. Following a description of early key contributions, this review focuses on recent developments. It includes optimization of molecular biological methods for gene mutagenesis and the design of efficient strategies for their application, resulting in notable reduction of the screening effort (bottleneck of directed evolution). When aiming for laboratory evolution of selectivity and activity, second‐generation versions of Combinatorial Active‐Site Saturation Test (CAST) and Iterative Saturation Mutagenesis (ISM), both involving saturation mutagenesis (SM) at sites lining the binding pocket, have emerged as preferred approaches, aided by in silico methods such as machine learning. The recently proposed Focused Rational Iterative Site‐specific Mutagenesis (FRISM) constitutes a fusion of rational design and directed evolution. On‐chip solid‐phase chemical gene synthesis for rapid library construction enhances library quality notably by eliminating undesired amino acid bias, the future of directed evolution?
The negative feedback effects of sea surface temperatures on El Niño Events in the West Indian Ocean
Authors: Zhang Fuying , Zhang Gaojie , Liu Lei , Dong Lina
Published: July 2019

In this study, multiple sets of atmospheric and oceanic observational data were used in combination with composite analysis and correlation analysis methods, in order to analyze the anomalous eastward spread phenomena of the equatorial Indian Ocean during the autumn and winter seasons when El Niño events have previously occurred. The analysis results showed that anomalous increases in the SSTs (sea surface temperatures) in the West Indian Ocean during the early autumn seasons had triggered the responses of anomalous easterlies. Meanwhile, anomalous anticyclonic circulation was observed to have existed on the north side of the easterlies. It was found that with the maximum center of the specific humidity retreating toward the vicinity of the equator during the processes of the seasonal conversion, the asymmetry of moisture advection on the eastern and western sides of the anomalous anticyclonic circulations tended to lead to the circulation systems to move in an eastward direction until reaching the Northwest Pacific region. During the winter seasons with peak periods of El Niño events, the easterly anomalies in the equatorial West Pacific Ocean were found to stimulate the upturning Kelvin fluctuations in the ocean. This resulted in eastward spreading actions which eventually helped the El Niño events to transform into La Niña events.
Assessing changes in risk of amplified planetary waves in a warming world
Authors: Huntingford Chris , Mitchell Dann , Kornhuber Kai , Coumou Dim , Osprey Scott , Allen Myles
Published: July 2019

Summer weather extremes are often associated with high‐amplitude atmospheric planetary waves (Petoukhov et al., 2013). Such conditions lead to stationary weather patterns, triggering heat waves and sometimes prolonged intense rainfall. These wave events, referred to as periods of Quasi‐Resonant Amplification (QRA), are relatively rare though and hence provide only a few data points in the meteorological record to analyse. Here, we use atmospheric models coupled to boundary conditions that have evolved slowly (i.e., climate), to supplement measurements. Specifically we assess altered probabilities of resonant episodes by employing a unique massive ensemble of atmosphere‐only climate simulations to populate statistical distributions of event occurrence. We focus on amplified waves during the two most extreme European heat waves on record, in years 2003 and 2015 (Russo et al., 2015). These years are compared with other modelled recent years (1987–2011), and critically against a modelled world without climate change. We find that there are differences in the statistical characteristics of wave event likelihood between years, suggesting a strong dependence on the known and prescribed Sea Surface Temperature (SST) patterns. The differences are larger than those projected to have occurred under climate change since the pre‐industrial period. However, this feature of small differences since pre‐industrial is based on single large ensembles, with members consisting of a range of estimates of SST adjustment from pre‐industrial to present. Such SST changes are from projections by a set of coupled atmosphere–ocean (AOGCM) climate models. When instead an ensemble for pre‐industrial estimates is subdivided into simulations according to which AOGCM the SST changes are based on, we find differences in QRA occurrence. These differences suggest that to reliably estimate changes to extremes associated with altered amplification of planetary waves, and under future raised greenhouse gas concentrations, likely requires reductions in any spread of future modelled SST patterns.
Clinical characteristics and prognostic value of pre‐retreatment plasma epstein‐barr virus DNA in locoregional recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Liu Ming‐Zhu , Fang Shuo‐Gui , Huang Wei , Wang Han‐Yu , Tian Yun‐Ming , Huang Run‐Da , Sun Zhuang , Zhao Chong , Lu Tai‐Xiang , Huang Ying , Han Fei
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To define the clinical characteristics and prognostic value of pre‐retreatment plasma Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA, we investigated EBV status in locoregional recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (lrNPC) patients.

Methods

Between April 2008 and August 2016, the data of patients with nonmetastatic lrNPC were retrospectively reviewed. The survival indexes of patients between different pre‐retreatment EBV status groups were compared.

Results

A total of 401 patients with nonmetastatic lrNPC were enrolled, and 197 (49.1%) patients had detectable pre‐retreatment plasma EBV DNA. Treatment included radiotherapy alone (n = 37 patients), surgery alone (n = 105), radiotherapy (n = 208), surgery combined with radiotherapy (n = 20), chemotherapy and targeted therapy (n = 31). Median follow‐up was 32 months. The 3‐year locoregional relapse‐free survival (LRRFS), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) rates for the entire cohort were 64.8%, 89.4%, and 58.8%, respectively. The estimated 3‐year LRRFS, DMFS, and OS rates for the pre EBV‐positive group vs the pre EBV‐negative group were 54.2% vs 75.0% (P < 0.001), 86.6% vs 91.9% (P = 0.05), 51.6% vs 65.9% (P = 0.01), respectively. Among patients in the clinical stage rI/II, there were 17 patients in the radiotherapy alone group and 49 patients in the surgery alone group. And there was no significant difference in overall survival between radiotherapy and surgery, even among the different pre‐EBV statuses (P > 0.05). In terms of long‐term toxic and side effects, the incidence of radioactive temporal lobe injury in the radiotherapy group was higher than that in the surgery group (35.3% vs 8.2%, P < 0.001), and no statistically significant difference was found in other long‐term toxic and side effects.

Conclusions

The positive rate of pre‐retreatment plasma EBV DNA in lrNPC is lower than primary NPC. The prognosis of EBV DNA negative group is better than positive group. For locally early‐stage lrNPC, regardless of EBV DNA status, radiotherapy and surgery are available options and both can achieve better long‐term survival.
Protein Chemical Synthesis Combined with Mirror‐Image Phage Display Yields d‐Peptide EGF Ligands that Block the EGF–EGFR Interaction
Authors: Díaz‐Perlas Cristina , Varese Monica , Guardiola Salvador , Sánchez‐Navarro Macarena , García Jesús , Teixidó Meritxell , Giralt Ernest
Published: July 2019

The epidermal growth factor (EGF) pathway, being overactive in a number of cancers, is a good target for clinical therapy. Although several drugs targeting the EGF receptor (EGFR) are on the market, tumours acquire resistance very rapidly. As an alternative, small molecules and peptides targeting EGF have been developed, although with moderate success. Herein, we report the use of mirror‐image phage display technology to discover protease‐resistant peptides with the capacity to inhibit the EGF–EGFR interaction. After the chemical synthesis of the enantiomeric protein d‐EGF, two phage‐display peptide libraries were used to select binding sequences. The d versions of these peptides bound to natural EGF, as confirmed by surface acoustic waves (SAWs). High‐field NMR spectroscopy showed that the best EGF binder, d‐PI_4, interacts preferentially with an EGF region that partially overlaps with the receptor binding interface. Importantly, we also show that d‐PI_4 efficiently disrupts the EGF–EGFR interaction. This methodology represents a straightforward approach to find new protease‐resistant peptides with potential applications in cancer therapy.
Chemical‐Labeling‐Assisted Detection of Nucleobase Modifications by Quantum‐Tunneling‐Based Single‐Molecule Sensing
Authors: Furuhata Takafumi , Ohshiro Takahito , Izuhara Yuichi , Suzuki Tomoaki , Ueki Ryosuke , Taniguchi Masateru , Sando Shinsuke
Published: July 2019

Quantum‐tunneling‐based DNA sensing is a single‐molecule technique that promises direct mapping of nucleobase modifications. However, its applicability is seriously limited because of the small difference in conductivity between modified and unmodified nucleobases. Herein, a chemical labeling strategy is presented that facilitates the detection of modified nucleotides by quantum tunneling. We used 5‐Formyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine as a model compound and demonstrated that chemical labeling dramatically alters its molecular conductance compared with that of canonical nucleotides; thus, facilitating statistical discrimination, which is impeded in the unlabeled state. This work introduces a chemical strategy that overcomes the intrinsic difficulty in quantum‐tunneling‐based modification analysis—the similarity of the molecular conductance of the nucleobases of interest.