bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning based stellar classification with highly sparse photometry data
Authors: Cody Seán Enis , Scher Sebastian , McDonald Iain , Zijlstra Albert , Alexander Emma , Cox Nick
Published: August 2024

Background Identifying stars belonging to different classes is vital in order to build up statistical samples of different phases and pathways of stellar evolution. In the era of surveys covering billions of stars, an automated method of identifying these classes becomes necessary. Methods Many classes of stars are identified based on their emitted spectra. In this paper, we use a combination of the multi-class multi-label Machine Learning (ML) method XGBoost and the PySSED spectral-energy-distribution fitting algorithm to classify stars into nine different classes, based on their photometric data. The classifier is trained on subsets of the SIMBAD database. Particular challenges are the very high sparsity (large fraction of missing values) of the underlying data as well as the high class imbalance. We discuss the different variables available, such as photometric measurements on the one hand, and indirect predictors such as Galactic position on the other hand. Results We show the difference in performance when excluding certain variables, and discuss in which contexts which of the variables should be used. Finally, we show that increasing the number of samples of a particular type of star significantly increases the performance of the model for that particular type, while having little to no impact on other types. The accuracy of the main classifier is ∼0.7 with a macro F1 score of 0.61. Conclusions While the current accuracy of the classifier is not high enough to be reliably used in stellar classification, this work is an initial proof of feasibility for using ML to classify stars based on photometry.
From Diagnosis to Recovery: The Life-Changing Benefits of Exercise for Cancer Patients
Authors: Koper Mateusz , Bochenek Oliwia , Nowak Aleksandra , Kałuża Jessica , Konaszczuk Adrian , Ratyna Klaudia , Kozyra Oliwia , Szypuła Zofia , Paluch Katarzyna , Skarbek Małgorzata
Published: August 2024

Physical activity has emerged as a crucial component in the comprehensive care of oncological patients, offering significant benefits across the cancer continuum—from prevention to treatment, recovery, and survivorship. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the role of exercise in cancer care, highlighting its potential to improve physical function, reduce treatment-related side effects, enhance mental well-being, and improve overall quality of life. Epidemiological evidence supports the protective effect of regular physical activity in reducing the risk of developing certain cancers, such as breast, colorectal, and endometrial cancer, through mechanisms like hormonal regulation, inflammation reduction, and immune function enhancement. During active cancer treatment, exercise helps combat common side effects such as fatigue, muscle wasting, and cardiovascular decline, while also offering psychological benefits like reduced anxiety and depression. Tailored exercise programs, developed in collaboration with healthcare professionals, are essential for addressing the unique needs of cancer patients, considering factors like cancer type, treatment stage, and comorbidities. Post-treatment, physical activity continues to play a vital role in rehabilitation, reducing the risk of recurrence, and supporting long-term survivorship. Despite the clear benefits, barriers such as physical limitations, psychological distress, and lack of access to resources can hinder patients' ability to engage in regular exercise. Addressing these challenges through personalized care plans, patient education, and supportive interventions is crucial. As research in exercise oncology advances, integrating physical activity into routine cancer care holds promise for improving outcomes and enhancing the overall well-being of cancer patients.
influence of lifestyle on female fertility. Review of the literature
Authors: Śmigielska-Mikołajczyk Maria Janina , Szostak Agata , Szeliga Anna , Szopińska Kinga , Graca Magdalena , Korta Karolina , Oluszczak Karolina , Dyląg Liliana , Wawszkowicz Konrad , Łowicka Weronika
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Women who want to get pregnant soon often ask their doctors how to prepare best. During such a visit, doctors usually mention folic acid supplementation, a check-up with the dentist and gynaecologist or vaccinations. However, it is also worth pointing out the importance of lifestyle factors that affect fertility and fetal development. Modifying daily habits can improve fertility naturally and make getting pregnant faster. An increasing number of studies are being published on the importance of nutrition, physical activity, sleep, stress, stimulants and other factors on women's reproductive health. This article is a summary of the current state of knowledge in this area.
 
Aim of the study
The aim of this study is to review the literature and summarize current state of knowledge on the association between lifestyle factors and female reproductive function.
 
Material and methods of research
This literature review based on researches from PubMed platform. We searched articles describing connection between potentially modifiable lifestyle factors and women’s fertility. Search terms included keywords: „lifestyle”, „female fertility”, „obesity”, „sleep”, „nutrition”, „diet”, „stress”, „physical activity”, „smoking”, „alcohol”, „weight loss”, „reproductive health”.
The Core of Housing Markets from an Agent’s Perspective: Is It Worth Sprucing up Your Home?
Authors: Schlotter Ildikó , Biró Péter , Fleiner Tamás
Published: August 2024

We study housing markets as introduced by Shapley and Scarf. We investigate the computational complexity of various questions regarding the situation of an agent a in a housing market H: we show that it is [Formula: see text]-hard to find an allocation in the core of H in which (i) a receives a certain house, (ii) a does not receive a certain house, or (iii) a receives a house other than a’s own. We prove that the core of housing markets respects improvement in the following sense: given an allocation in the core of H in which agent a receives a house h, if the value of the house owned by a increases, then the resulting housing market admits an allocation in its core in which a receives either h or a house that a prefers to h; moreover, such an allocation can be found efficiently. We further show an analogous result in the Stable Roommates setting by proving that stable matchings in a one-sided market also respect improvement.

Funding: This work was supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund [Grants K124171, K128611]. I. Schlotter is supported by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences under its Momentum Programme (LP2021-2) and its János Bolyai Research Scholarship. The research reported in this paper and carried out by T. Fleiner at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics was supported by the “TKP2020, National Challenges Program” of the National Research Development and Innovation Office [BME NC TKP2020 and OTKA K143858] and by the Higher Education Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities in the frame of the Artificial Intelligence research area of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME FIKP-MI/SC). P. Biró gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, OTKA [Grant K143858] and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences [Momentum Grant LP2021-2].
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem-Based Learning Berbantuan Simulasi PhET terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Suryani Siti , Rusdin Muhamad Epi , Koten Florentinus P.N.
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji efektivitas model pembelajaran Problem based Learning (PBL) yang didukung oleh media simulasi Physics Education Technology (PhET ) terhadap hasil belajar siswa dalam mata pelajaran fisika. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada masalah pembelajaran fisika yang masih berfokus pada guru serta kurangnya penggunaan teknologi di SMP Muhammadiyah Waipare. PBL dan PhET  diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan, pemahaman konsep, dan hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain quasi-experimental. Sampel penelitian adalah 40 siswa dari SMP Muhammadiyah Waipare, dengan 20 siswa di kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan PBL berbantuan PhET  dan 20 siswa di kelas kontrol yang menggunakan metode konvensional. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, tes hasil belajar, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data meliputi analisis deskriptif, uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji-T. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata posttest kelas eksperimen (82,25) lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas kontrol (74,75). Uji normalitas (uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov) menunjukkan bahwa data posttest kelas eksperimen (nilai sig 0,012) dan kelas kontrol (nilai sig 0,008) berdistribusi normal. Uji homogenitas (Uji Levene) menunjukkan nilai sig 0.632, menandakan bahwa nilai posttest tersebut seragam. Uji-T menunjukkan nilai signifikansi 0,000, menandakan adanya pengaruh signifikan model PBL berbantuan PhET  terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa penerapan PBL dengan PhET  efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar fisika siswa di SMP Muhammadiyah Waipare dibandingkan dengan metode pembelajaran konvensional. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam mengintegrasikan teknologi dalam pendidikan fisika dan menunjukkan potensi PBL dan PhET  dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar.
Makna Simbolis Dalam Upacara Adat Blatan Wi`I Tebon Suku Tana Ai Desa Nebe, Kabupaten Sikka
Authors: Tukan Ludvina Jina Pama
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh ketertarikan peneliti terkait makna di balik penggunaan simbol tertentu pada upacara adat Blatan Wi`i Tebon yang sampai sekarang masih dipertahankan oleh masyarakat suku Tana Ai Desa Nebe Kecamatan Talibura Kabupaten Sikka. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan dan menjelaskan lebih dalam mengenai makna denotasi dan makna konotasi pada simbol-simbol yang digunakan dalam upacara adat Blatan Wi`i Tebon suku Tana Ai. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis Semiotika Roland Barthes. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan makna denotasi dan makna konotasi pada simbol-simbol yang digunakan dalam upacara adat Blatan Wi`i Tebon suku Tana Ai. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, rekam, mencatat dan dokumentasi. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah benda-benda yang digunakan dalam proses upacara adat tersebut. Jumlah informan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak dua orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa simbol-simbol yang digunakan dalam upacara adat Blatan Wi`i Tebon mengandung makna denotasi dan makna konotasi. Adapun yang merupakan simbol dalam upacara adat Blatan Wi`i Tebon adalah Wua ta`a, bako karung, seneng, manu telon, nalu wera, kertas, korak, wawi, wair, dan taru.
Analisis Tokoh Utama Sam dalam Novel Sebening Syahadat Karya Diva Sinar Rembulan: Psikoanalisis Sigmun Frued
Authors: Karmila Karmila
Published: August 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui psikologi id, ego, dan super ego yang dialami oleh tokoh utama dalam novel “Sebening Syahadat karya Diva Sinar Rembulan” Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptifkualitatif. Data penelitianini adalah keterangan yang di jadikan objek kajian baik melalui setiap kata maupun kalimat ungkapan sebagai pendukung keadaan psikologi tokoh dalam novel “Sebening Syahadat karya Diva Sinar Rembulan”. Pengumpulan data penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik baca, teknik pencatatan, dan teknik analisis data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam novel “Sebening Syahadat karya Diva Sinar Rembulan”. Ditemukan empat kutipan yang mengandung id, dua kutipan yang mengandung ego, dan Lima kutipan yang mengandung superego.
Analisis Dampak Perilaku Perundungan Lisan Terhadap Peserta Didik ditinjau dari Sila Ke-2 Pancasila di SMP Negeri Moro
Authors: Marici Angela , Natsir Rodja Abdul , Wahab Mohamad Ishan
Published: August 2024

Perilaku perundungan lisan (Bullying Verbal) bukanlah lagi menjadi fenomena baru dalam dunia pendidikan Indonesia, perilaku tersebut sering kali dialami oleh peserta didik baik itu sebagai pelaku maupun korban. Banyaknya kasus perundungan lisan tidak dapat terkuak atau diketahui karena pada umumnya perilaku ini dinilai menjadi sesuatu yang wajar dilakukan oleh sesama peserta didik. Dalam hal ini khususnya terjadi juga pada peserta didik SMP Negeri Moro perilaku perundungan lisan yang meliputi menghina bentuk fisik, perbedaan usia, jenis rambut, nama dan masih banyak hal lainnya. Oleh karena itu tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dampak perilaku perundungan lisan terhadap peserta didik ditinjau dari sila-2 Pancasila di SMP Negeri Moro. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dan teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang dilakukan oleh peneliti dalam melakukan penelitian yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian diketahui dampak perilaku perundungan lisan yaitu korban tidak bebas dan merasa tidak aman ketika berada di lingkungan sekolah, kebebasan dalam menyampaikan perasaannya pun direnggut, hal-hal seperti bebas untuk mengenali dirinya tidak dapat dirasakan oleh korban, karena mindset negatif yang diberikan pelaku terkait kepribadiannya menjadi sesuatu yang benar baginya, korban perilaku perundungan lisan juga tidak dapat mengasa  potensi yang dimilikinya di lingkungan sekolah tersebut. Adapun upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi perilaku perundungan lisan yaitu menanamkan rasa kemanusiaan dan persaudaraan dengan contoh nyata dari pancasila yaitu gotong royong, menamakan kembali rasa percaya diri korban perilaku perundungan lisan dengan terus mendampingi korban dan memberikan perilaku positif yang membangun agar korban tidak merasa sendirian.
Korelasi antara Penguasaan Kosakata dan Kemampuan Berbicara Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri Pemana
Authors: Amriani Amriani , Bhaga Bertholomeus Jawa , Lautama Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengkaji korelasi antara penguasaan kosakata dan kemampuan berbicara pada siswa kelas V SD Negeri Pemana. Metode yang diterapkan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan korelasional. Populasi Penelitian ini mencakup seluruh siswa kelas V yang berjumlah 12 orang. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 12 siswa kelas V SD Negeri Pemana. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, observasi, tes objektif penguasaan kosakata, tes essay kemampuan berbicara siswa, dokumentasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya korelasi yang signifikan antara penguasaan kosakata dan kemampuan berbicara pada siswa kelas V SD Negeri Pemana. Nilai koefisien korelasi Pearson yang diperoleh adalah 0,983 dengan tingkat signifikansi p0,001. Nilai korelasi menunjukkan semakin baik penguasaan kosakata siswa, semakin baik juga kemampuan berbicara siswa. Penelitian ini terdapat uji persyaratan yaitu uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas. Uji normalitas dilakukan menggunakan metode kolmogorov smirnov "SPSS". Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikansi 0,053 0,05. Sehingga disimpulkan kedua data tersebut terdistribusi secara normal. Uji homogenitas dilakukan menggunakan metode anova " SPSS. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikansi 0,06 0,05. sehingga disimpulkan tidak ada perbedaan antara varians kedua variabel tersebut. Distribusi frekuensi menunjukkan variasi penguasaan kosakata dan kemampuan berbicara, dengan sebagian besar siswa berada pada kategori sedang hingga cukup. Penelitian ini memiliki implikasi penting dalam pengembangan kurikulum dan strategi pembelajaran di sekolah dasar. Guru dapat menggunakan hasil penelitian ini sebagai dasar untuk merancang program pembelajaran yang lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan penguasaan kosakata dan kemampuan berbicara siswa. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga dapat menjadi acuan bagi guru untuk memberikan perhatian lebih pada pengembangan kosakata pada tingkat sekolah dasar.
Pengembangan Media Animasi Berbantuan Powtoon di Era Pembelajaran Digital pada Materi Larutan Penyangga
Authors: Gunidar Laila , Nurhadyati Nurhadyati , Jayadin Jayadin
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kevalidan dan kepraktisan video animasi pembelajaran berbasis powtoon pada materi Larutan Penyangga kelas XI di SMA Negeri 2 Maumere. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Research and Development (RD) yang mengacu pada desain penelitian pengembangan ADDIE yang terdiri dari lima tahapan, yaitu analisis (analyze), perancangan (design), pengembangan (development), implementasi (implementation), dan evaluasi (evaluation). Subjek penelitiannya yaitu peserta didik kelas XI MIPA 4 SMA Negeri 2 Maumere dengan jumlah 26 orang peserta didik. Teknik pengambilan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, wawancara, lembar validasi, dan angket. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengembangan video animasi pembelajaran berbasis powtoon pada materi Larutan Penyangga menunjukkan bahwa: (1) hasil uji validitas pada media pembelajaran berbasis powtoon diperoleh persentase 89,17% dengan kategori valid; (2) hasil uji kepraktisan oleh guru diperoleh persentase 88% dengan kriteria sangat praktis; (3) hasil uji kepraktisan oleh peserta didik diperoleh persentase 88,79% dengan kriteria sangat praktis. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa video animasi pembelajaran berbasis powtoon telah memenuhi kriteria untuk digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran kimia, khususnya pada Larutan Penyangga.
Peran Petuah Leluhur dalam Menciptakan Pola Perantauan Para Pelajar Kota Cilacap
Authors: Darwanto Agus
Published: August 2024

Orang-orang tua pada zaman dahulu di kota Cilacap sering memberikan petuah kepada anak cucunya bila lulus sekolah hendak meneruskan mencari ilmu hendaklah pergi merantau ke arah timur, namun bila hendak mencari rezeki hendaklah merantau ke arah barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan meneliti kekuatan magnet petuah leluhur terhadap pola perantauan anak lulusan SLTA pada zaman sekarang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah mix method antara metode kualitatif dengan kuantitatif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan melakukan survei dengan angket. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dengan tabulasi silang. Hasil survei yang melibatkan 95 orang warga Dusun Cilumpang Kelurahan Gumilir Kabupaten menyajikan data bahwa pola perantauan masyarakat kota Cilacap dalam mencari rezeki masih dominan ke kota-kota besar di sebelah barat Cilacap, sedangkan pola perantauan untuk menuntut ilmu di berbagai pondok pesantren atau melanjutkan kuliah masih cenderung ke berbagai kota di sebelah timur Cilacap. Tingkat kepatuhan generasi sebelum tahun 1980-an terhadap petuah leluhur telah menciptakan pola perantauan yang unik. Namun setelah era 1980-an pengaruh petuah leluhur sudah mulai memudar, terutama pada alasan perantauan dalam rangka mendalami ilmu agama dan melanjutkan kuliah. Berbeda dengan alasan perantauan dalam rangka mencari rejeki, pengaruh petuah leluhur dan kepatuhan mengikuti pola yang sudah dijalani oleh generasi sebelumnya masih cukup dominan. Hal ini didukung oleh pesatnya pertumbuhan industri dan bisnis serta tingginya UMR di berbagai kota yang berada di sebelah barat Cilacap daripada kota-kota yang ada di sebelah timur Cilacap. Kecenderungan penurunan pengaruh petuah leluhur terjadi pada para perantau yang ingin mendalami ilmu agama dan orang-orang yang ingin melanjutkan kuliah. Indikatornya dapat dilihat dari pergeseran alasannya ketika mereka memilih merantau ke arah sebelah timur saat melanjutkan kuliah atau mendalami ilmu agama. Meningkatnya jumlah kampus dan pondok pesantren yang berkualitas di berbagai daerah menjadi salah satu faktor yang berpotensi menggerus pencitraan daerah timur sebagai pusat menimba ilmu dan agama sehingga bisa mempengaruhi pola dan alasan perantauan masyarakat kota Cilacap beberapa puluh tahun ke depan.
Kajian Etnozoologi Hewan Vertebrata dalam Kebudayaan Suku Liwu Desa Watu Moning Kecamatan Waiblama Kabupaten Sikka
Authors: Hale Yuliana , Sada Mariana , Syafriati Yuli Mira
Published: August 2024

Masyarakat Suku Liwu merupakan salah satu kelompok masyarakat tradisional di Kabupaten Sikka yang masih memegang teguh kebudayaannya salah satunya dalam pemanfaatan dan pengolahan hewan vertebrata untuk berbagai kebutuhan hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk-bentuk pemanfaatan kelompok hewan vertebrata oleh masyarakat Suku Liwu dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, observasi, identifikasi dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian hewan vertebrata yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Suku Liwu berjumlah 9 spesies yang terdiri kelas Mamalia (3 spesies), Aves (2 spesies), Reptil (3 spesies) dan Amfibi (1 spesies). Bentuk pemanfaatan hewan Vertebrata ini berdasarkan pengetahuan lokal masyarakat Suku Liwu meliputi pemanfaatan sebagai bahan pangan (3 spesies), sebagai upacara ritual adat (3 spesies), sebagai hewan mitos (5 spesies), sebagai hewan peliharaan (4 spesies), sebagai hiasan (2 spesies) dan sebagai obat tradisional (1 spesies). Pengolahan hewan vertebrata dalam setiap bentuk pemanfaatan dengan beberapa cara seperti dimasak (bakar dan rebus) dan tanpa dimasak (daging mentah). Pengetahuan etnozoologi hewan vertebrata ini merupakan bagian dari warisan pengetahuan lokal masyarakat Suku Liwu yang hingga kini masih terus dijaga dan dijalankan oleh semua generasi.
Far-field sub-diffraction focusing and controlled focus shaping of circularly polarized light using a dielectric phase plate
Authors: Pant Bhavesh , Singh Brijesh Kumar
Published: August 2024

In recent years, sub-diffraction focusing has received substantial attention due to its versatility. However, achieving a flexible sub-diffraction focusing in the far field remains stimulating. Existing techniques either require complex fabrication facilities or are limited to the short focal length and high numerical aperture (NA) of the imaging system. Here, we introduce an optimization method for sub-diffraction focusing of a circularly polarized beam in the far field with a lens of large focal length. A cost-effective dielectric phase plate serves the purpose. By employing a phase plate composed of a thin layer of dielectric Si3N4, the phase of the propagating beam is modulated in the beam’s cross-section, which is divided into two regions of the opposite phase by the plate. A sub-diffraction focusing is achieved for a proper tunning between the two regions. In addition to sub-diffraction focusing, the phase plate is also capable of shaping the focus into a doughnut-shaped and a flat-top profile in the far field. This design provides a simple solution for sub-diffraction focusing and focus shaping that will find potential applications in optical imaging, optical trapping, and material processing.
High-Q optical metasurfaces: from quasi-BIC modulation to ultra-narrowband absorption in the near-infrared spectrum
Authors: Chai Yumei , Qi Yunping , Zhou Zihao , Shi Qiang , Luo Bing , Wang Xiangxian
Published: August 2024

In this paper, an all-dielectric metasurface composed of silicon and silica is proposed. By breaking the symmetry of each cell structure, two quasi-bound states in the continuum (BICs) with high quality (Q) factor can be excited. The maximum Q value for quasi-BICs can reach up to 15,815, and their modulation depths and spectral contrasts can be as high as 100%. We investigate the performance using the finite element method, and found that the Fano formula based on temporal coupled mode theory fits well. Multipole decomposition results indicate that transmission peak FR1 and transmission peak FR2 are mainly controlled by electric quadrupole (EQ), while transmission peak FR3 is mainly dominated by magnetic dipole (MD). By changing the polarization angle α, switching between BIC and quasi-BIC can be achieved, and thus this metasurface exhibits effective bidirectional optical switching performance. In addition, dynamic modulators are a hot topic of research. A dynamic modulator was designed by adding two rows of single-layer graphene on both sides above the silicon layer. As a matter of application, an ultra-narrowband absorber with a dielectric–dielectric–metal (DDM) structure was constructed by introducing a sufficiently thick aluminum metal layer below the original structure. The absorptivity of absorption peak A1, absorption peak A2, and absorption peak A3 is observed to be 70%, 99%, and 82%, respectively, with Q-factors of 977, 2799, and 1351. At the same time the structure can be used for refractive index sensors. The maximum sensitivity is measured at 286 nm/RIU, and the maximum figure of merit (FOM) reaches 534RIU−1. In conclusion, the metasurface provides exploration for multifunctional devices such as optical switches, modulators, ultra-narrowband absorbers, and refractive index sensors.
Metasurface-enabled non-orthogonal four-output polarization splitter for non-redundant full-Stokes imaging
Authors: Soma Go , Komatsu Kento , Ren Chun , Nakano Yoshiaki , Tanemura Takuo
Published: August 2024

Imaging polarimetry plays an essential role in various fields since it imparts rich information that cannot be obtained through mere intensity and spectral measurements. To retrieve full Stokes parameters, at least four sensor pixels are required, each of which projects incident light to a different polarization state in the Stokes space. Conventional full-Stokes division-of-focal-plane (DoFP) cameras realize this function by integrating angled polarizers and retarders on top of image sensors. Due to the inevitable absorption at the polarizers, however, the maximum efficiency of these schemes is limited to 50% in theory. Instead of polarizers, three sets of lossless polarization beam splitters can be used to achieve higher-efficiency polarimetry, however, at the cost of reduced spatial resolution due to the need for six redundant sensor pixels. In this paper, we reveal that low-loss four-output polarization splitting (without filtering) is possible using a single-layer dielectric metasurface. Although these four states are not orthogonal to each other, our metasurface enables simultaneous sorting and focusing onto four sensor pixels with an efficiency exceeding 50%. The designed metasurface composed of silicon nanoposts is fabricated to experimentally demonstrate complete retrieval of full Stokes parameters at a near-infrared wavelength range from 1500 to 1600 nm with −0.67-dB (85.8%) transmission and −2.28-dB (59.2%) overall efficiency. Finally, multi-pixel polarimetry is demonstrated using a 3×4 superpixel array.
Dynamic response characteristics of optical beam deflection in liquid crystal optical phased array
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Qidong , Jiang Huilin , Peng Zenghui , Mu Quanquan , Wang Chengmiao , Wang Yuqing
Published: August 2024

The beam deflector based on liquid crystal optical phased array (LCOPA) is a crucial component of space laser communication systems. Understanding and mastering the beam deflection characteristics under the dynamic response of LCOPA is essential for achieving real-time acquisition and tracking in space laser communication. This paper thoroughly explores the beam deflection characteristics during the dynamic response process by analyzing the dynamic response and far-field diffraction models of LCOPA. It presents the far-field diffraction patterns under the dynamic response of LCOPA and validates the analysis through experiments. This study not only enhances the understanding of the dynamic performance of LCOPA but also provides a theoretical basis for its control in space laser communication systems.
Higher order Bessel beams integrated in time (HOBBIT) with engineered light frequencies (ELFs)
Authors: Cramer Tyler , Miller J. Keith , Reid Matthew , Robertson Evan , Wiley Jaxon , Johnson Eric G.
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a scheme exploiting a uniform circular frequency diverse array (UC-FDA) of optical beamlets to realize non-diffracting beams with unprecedented switching rates in orbital angular momentum (OAM). The frequency diversity property of the system is a result of using an acousto-optic deflector (AOD) to generate an array on a circle which tags each beamlet with different frequencies. The non-diffracting nature of the generated beams is examined along with the generation of arbitrary time-dependent non-diffracting amplitude structures using the local phase control inherent in the system architecture. The resulting system can dynamically change the OAM at a rate of 20 ns per integer with maximum range of m = ±64 over 2.56 µs.
High-efficiency hard X-ray blazed diffraction via refraction by nanometer-scale prism arrays
Authors: Wei Lai , Fan Quanping , Chen Yong , Yang Zuhua , Fan Wei , Liu Dongxiao , Zhou Wei min
Published: August 2024

X-ray transmission gratings are widely utilized as wavelength dispersion elements in inertial confinement fusion and X-ray astronomy fields due to their high tolerance for alignment errors, light weight and compact size. However, the high transmittance of the grating bars in the hard X-ray range can lead to reduced efficiency of all other diffraction orders except for straight through zeroth order. We propose a novel blazed refraction grating design for the hard X-ray range that combines the advantages of transmission gratings and compound refraction lenses for the first time, demonstrating its superior performance in high broadband efficiency through compound refraction and diffraction from nanometer-scale periodic arrays of silicon prisms using beam propagation method and Fraunhofer diffraction simulation. This research develops blaze methods in gratings design and provides a new solution for compact and sensitive spectrum measurement in hard X-ray range.
Adaptive ray tracing in freeform gradient-index media using an index directional derivative
Authors: Yu Caiyun , Zong Yi , Duan Mingliang , Chen Lei , Li Jianxin
Published: August 2024

Freeform gradient index (F-GRIN) media are increasingly used in optical systems. The existing ray tracing methods for F-GRIN have low calculation efficiency and require manual adjustment of step size, making the design process complex. To address this, we propose an adaptive ray tracing (ART) method for F-GRIN. ART obtains an initial step size based on an index directional derivative and the element’s length. During the subsequent transmission process, the step size is adaptively adjusted. The accuracy and speed of ART were verified through multiple comparison tests. ART can reduce manual participation and significantly improve efficiency in the optical design of F-GRIN.
Real-time in situ phase sensitivity calibration of interferometric fiber-optic ultrasonic sensors
Authors: Alshammari Mohammed , Chu Yufei , Han Ming
Published: August 2024

Output from a fiber-optic interferometric ultrasonic sensor can be
affected by the operating point changes and/or the optical power
fluctuations. We report a method for real-time and in situ calibration of the responses to
ultrasound-induced phase delays for a low-finesse Fabry–Perot (FP)
ultrasonic sensor demodulated using a phase-generated carrier. The
carrier is produced from an electro-optic phase modulator, and its
zero- and fundamental-carrier frequency components yield two
quadrature signals. The same phase modulator is employed to generate
controllable laser frequency modulations and calibration phase delay
modulations. The response to the known calibration phase delays is
used to gauge the sensor output in real time and in situ. The experiment has verified the effectiveness of
the calibration method against the signal variations from both
operating point changes and optical power variations.
Guided modes of thin-film lithium niobate slabs
Authors: Hammer Manfred , Farheen Henna , Förstner Jens
Published: August 2024

Dielectric slab waveguides made of thin-film-lithium-niobate (TFLN) media are considered, for operation in the linear regime. We outline and implement a largely analytic procedure for rigorous modal analysis of three-layer slabs with birefringent, anisotropic core. For Z-cut waveguides, the slab eigenmode problem separates into uncoupled sets of scalar equations for TE and TM modes. Slabs in X-cut configuration support mostly mildly hybrid eigenmodes, with clear predominant TE or TM polarization, and with effective indices that depend on the propagation direction of the modes, relative to the crystal axes. Strong hybridization can be observed for near degenerate modes in singular configurations without vertical symmetry, or in symmetric slabs where two nearly degenerate modes are of the same symmetry class. Dispersion curves for slab thickness and propagation angle are discussed, for slabs with oxide and air cover.
Diverse RNA viruses discovered in multiple seagrass species
Authors: Rede Jordan E. , Breitbart Mya , Lundquist Carolyn , Nagasaki Keizo , Hewson Ian
Published: August 2024

Seagrasses are marine angiosperms that form highly productive and diverse ecosystems. These ecosystems, however, are declining worldwide. Plant-associated microbes affect critical functions like nutrient uptake and pathogen resistance, which has led to an interest in the seagrass microbiome. However, despite their significant role in plant ecology, viruses have only recently garnered attention in seagrass species. In this study, we produced original data and mined publicly available transcriptomes to advance our understanding of RNA viral diversity in Zostera marina, Zostera muelleri, Zostera japonica, and Cymodocea nodosa. In Z. marina, we present evidence for additional Zostera marina amalgavirus 1 and 2 genotypes, and a complete genome for an alphaendornavirus previously evidenced by an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene fragment. In Z. muelleri, we present evidence for a second complete alphaendornavirus and near complete furovirus. Both are novel, and, to the best of our knowledge, this marks the first report of a furovirus infection naturally occurring outside of cereal grasses. In Z. japonica, we discovered genome fragments that belong to a novel strain of cucumber mosaic virus, a prolific pathogen that depends largely on aphid vectoring for host-to-host transmission. Lastly, in C. nodosa, we discovered two contigs that belong to a novel virus in the family Betaflexiviridae. These findings expand our knowledge of viral diversity in seagrasses and provide insight into seagrass viral ecology.
Efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of post-stroke depression: A study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Menghan , Ran Dawei , Yang Xinming , Wang Yu , Zhu Qian , Song Xiaoli , Shi Lei , Du Yuzheng
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is an emotional disease characterized by loss of interest and depression after a stroke. Acupuncture, one of the most critical non-drug therapies for the treatment of PSD, has significant clinical efficacy, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Previous study has shown that acupuncture can reduce the level of proinflammatory cytokines and increase the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that regulating the dynamic balance of inflammatory cytokines may be the basis for acupuncture to improve PSD symptoms.

Methods and analysis

A total of 84 patients with PSD will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of two groups at a 1:1 ratio. Based on the conventional stroke treatment, the control group will receive XingnaoKaiqiao (XNKQ) acupuncture, and the experimental group will receive antidepressant acupuncture at the same time as XNKQ acupuncture. The intervention will last four weeks, and data will be collected before and after treatment. The Hamilton depression scale (HAMD-17) is the primary outcome measure, and the secondary outcome measures include the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), the National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS), and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI). Serum IL-1β, IL-4, 5-HT, and BDNF will be used as laboratory indicators. The scales will be assessed at baseline, two weeks, and four weeks, and serum items will be measured at baseline and four weeks after treatment. This study will observe the clinical effect of acupuncture on PSD and the changes in serum-related inflammatory cytokines and explore the possible mechanism of acupuncture against depression from the perspective of inflammatory response.

Ethics and dissemination

This study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (item number: TYLL2023[Z]004). Findings of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences.
Conserved amino acid residues and gene expression patterns associated with the substrate preferences of the competing enzymes FLS and DFR
Authors: Choudhary Nancy , Pucker Boas
Published: August 2024

Background

Flavonoids, an important class of specialized metabolites, are synthesized from phenylalanine and present in almost all plant species. Different branches of flavonoid biosynthesis lead to products like flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins. Dihydroflavonols form the branching point towards the production of non-colored flavonols via flavonol synthase (FLS) and colored anthocyanins via dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR). Despite the wealth of publicly accessible data, there remains a gap in understanding the mechanisms that mitigate competition between FLS and DFR for the shared substrate, dihydroflavonols.

Results

An angiosperm-wide comparison of FLS and DFR sequences revealed the amino acids at positions associated with the substrate specificity in both enzymes. A global analysis of the phylogenetic distribution of these amino acid residues revealed that monocots generally possess FLS with Y132 (FLSY) and DFR with N133 (DFRN). In contrast, dicots generally possess FLSH and DFRN, DFRD, and DFRA. DFRA, which restricts substrate preference to dihydrokaempferol, previously believed to be unique to strawberry species, is found to be more widespread in angiosperms and has evolved independently multiple times. Generally, angiosperm FLS appears to prefer dihydrokaempferol, whereas DFR appears to favor dihydroquercetin or dihydromyricetin. Moreover, in the FLS-DFR competition, the dominance of one over the other is observed, with typically only one gene being expressed at any given time.

Conclusion

This study illustrates how almost mutually exclusive gene expression and substrate-preference determining residues could mitigate competition between FLS and DFR, delineates the evolution of these enzymes, and provides insights into mechanisms directing the metabolic flux of the flavonoid biosynthesis, with potential implications for ornamental plants and molecular breeding strategies.
The unmet mental health needs of adolescents with HIV in eastern Tanzania: Experiences of healthcare providers, adolescents, and caregivers
Authors: Njau Tasiana , Sunguya Bruno , Mwakawanga Dorkasi L. , Minja Agape , Kaaya Sylvia , Fekadu Abebaw
Published: August 2024

Adolescents with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are at greater risk for mental health problems than their HIV-negative counterparts. However, there is a dearth of evidence on the need for mental health services, including interventions for depression in adolescents with HIV (AWHIV), in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study’s objective was to explore the unmet mental health needs of AWHIV to inform the development and implementation of a psychological intervention for depression in AWHIV in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A descriptive phenomenological qualitative study design was used. Consultative meetings with providers and 45 in-depth interviews were conducted with AWHIV, caregivers, and healthcare providers (HCPs) to explore their experiences and unmet mental health needs for AWHIV. Data from the consultative meetings were triangulated to validate the obtained information with those from interviews. Data were organized and managed with the aid of NVIvo-11. The thematic analysis framework guided data analysis. Five major themes emerged: Experience of complex symptoms, unmet need for services, impact of the unmet needs, ways utilized in managing symptoms, and preferred intervention. Complex depressive symptoms expressed as physical, behavioral, or somatic complaints adversely affected ART adherence and academic performance, led to substance use, and compromised overall quality of life in AWHIV. HIV-Care and Treatment Centers (HIV-CTCs) did not conduct formal mental health screenings. Instead, caregivers and HCPs addressed the symptoms of mental health problems with death threats and corporal punishments. No evidence-based depression interventions existed in HIV-CTCs for observed symptoms. This study reports on unmet mental health needs with a clear impact on the lives of AWHIV, which may have significant implications for treatment adherence. There is an urgent need to develop and implement effective and scalable interventions to address these mental health needs.
Relationship of litterfall anomalies with climatic anomalies in a mangrove swamp of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Teutli-Hernández Claudia , Cepeda-González M. Fernanda , Montero-Muñoz Jorge L. , Medina-Gómez Israel , Román-Cuesta Rosa María , Herrera-Silveira Jorge A.
Published: August 2024

Among the set of phenological traits featuring mangrove ecosystems, litterfall production stands out with marked intra-annual and longer-term variation. Furthermore, mangrove forests resilience is one of the most important ecological attribute, reconciling the juxtaposed terrestrial and marine environment such transitional systems occupy. However, world’s mangroves are nowadays facing recurrent climatic events, reflected in anomalies depicted by major drivers, including temperature and precipitation. This physical-environmental setting may either constrain or favor overall forest productivity. A combination of time series analysis (spectral density and cross-correlation techniques) and statistical model fitting (General additive model) was implemented to explore trends in total litterfall of a well-developed mangrove forest in southeastern Gulf of Mexico (Celestun Lagoon, SE Mexico) and potential association with the varying behavior of temperature (°C) and precipitation (mm month-1), highlighting their anomalies. The results are consistent with a synchronous response between litterfall production and climatic variables (mean monthly temperature and total monthly precipitation). Concurrent peak litterfall production in Celestun lagoon with high temperatures and precipitation occurred during June and October, featuring a two-month time lag for the response time. More than half of the litterfall anomalies (53.5%) could be reflecting either multiple sources of climatic anomalies (maximum, minimum, and monthly average temperature and monthly total precipitation) or single point events (cyclone landfall). This relationship dynamics showed an interannual persistence (1999–2010). The structure portrayed by the litterfall time-series was not unequivocally related to climatic anomalies. Arguably, climatic anomalies behave with different intensities and even may exhibit complex interactions among them. The study of anomalies provides a baseline for a better grasp of: i) mangrove anomalies responses and ii) their vulnerability to these extremes.
Resistance training leading to repetition failure increases muscle strength and size, but not power-generation capacity in judo athletes
Authors: Nakatani Miyuki , Takai Yohei , Kanehisa Hiroaki
Published: August 2024

Strength-trained athletes has less trainability in muscle size and function, because of their adaptation to long-term advanced training. This study examined whether resistance training (RT) leading to repetition failure can be effective modality to overcome this subject. Twenty-three male judo athletes completed a 6-week unilateral dumbbell curl training with two sessions per week, being added to in-season training of judo. The participants were assigned to one of three different training programs: ballistic light-load (30% of one repetition maximum (1RM)) RT to repetition failure (RFLB) (n = 6), traditional heavy-load (80% of 1RM) RT to repetition failure (RFHT) (n = 7), and ballistic light-load (30% of 1RM) RT to non-repetition failure (NRFLB) (n = 10). Before and after the intervention period, the muscle thickness (MT) and the maximal voluntary isometric force (MVC) and rate of force development (RFDmax) of elbow flexors were determined. In addition, theoretical maximum force (F0), velocity (V0), power (Pmax), and slope were calculated from force-velocity relation during explosive elbow flexion against six different loads. For statistical analysis, p < 0.05 was considered significant. The MT and MVC had significant effect of time with greater magnitude of the gains in RFHT and NRFLB compared to RFLB. On the other hand, all parameters derived from force-velocity relation and RFDmax did not show significant effects of time. The present study indicates that ballistic light-load and traditional heavy-load resistance training programs, leading to non-repetition failure and repetition failure, respectively, can be modalities for improving muscle size and isometric strength in judo athletes, but these do not improve power generation capacity.
Gender-specific play behavior in relation to autistic traits and behavioral difficulties at the age of seven in the SELMA study
Authors: Özel Fatih , Stratmann Marlene , Papadopoulos Fotios C. , Rüegg Joëlle , Bornehag Carl-Gustaf
Published: August 2024

Background

Childhood gender nonconformity is related to psychological distress and behavioral difficulties. Similarly, there is evidence for a link between gender nonconformity, or gender dysphoria in some studies, and autism spectrum disorder and related traits. Our knowledge on those associations mostly originates from clinical populations, which might lead to overestimation. Thus, this study aimed to assess associations between gender nonconformity and behavioral difficulties in a population-based study.

Methods

In the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and Child, Asthma and Allergy (SELMA) study, cross-sectional associations between gender-specific play behavior and behavioral outcomes and autistic traits were investigated among 718 children at 7-years of age. Play behavior was measured using the Preschool Activities Inventory; behavioral outcomes and autistic traits were measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Social Responsiveness Scale, respectively. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results

Higher composite play behavior scores (indicating either increased masculine or decreased feminine play behavior) were associated with increased autistic trait scores in girls (β = 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.00, 0.26). Furthermore, higher composite scores were shown to be associated with behavioral difficulties in both girls (β = 0.11; 95% CI = 0.04, 0.18) and boys (β = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.02, 0.19). Additionally, higher feminine scores were related with increased problems in peer relationships in boys (β = 0.04; 95% CI = 0.00, 0.07).

Conclusions

This study suggests a link between gender nonconforming play behavior and autistic traits as well as behavioral difficulties among children in a non-clinical population, which calls attention to the necessity of supporting children with gender nonconformity from early ages.