bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las sensaciones del cautivo, psicología y reacciones de los españoles ante el cautiverio en el Siglo de Oro
Authors: De Bunes Ibarra Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2018

Acercamiento a la psicología de los españoles que son capturados por los corsarios norteafricanos en los siglos XVI y XVII. En estas páginas se analiza las diferentes maneras de afrontar el cautiverio hispano en el Magreb, haciendo especial insistencia en los testimonios que se conservan de los eclesiásticos capturados.
Los comienzos de la Compañía de Jesús en el Perú y su contexto político y religioso: la figura de Luis López
Authors: Armas Asin Fernando
Published: February 2018

Estudio de las dificultades que encontraron los primeros jesuitas que fueron al Perú en las autoridades civiles, eclesiásticas e inquisitoriales.
Las peregrinaciones del reino de Dinamarca a Santiago de Compostela
Authors: Almazán Vicente
Published: February 2018

El autor trata de demostrar que la peregrinación jacobea de Dinamarca fue tan importante y activa como en los otros países escandinavos, sobre todo teniendo en cuenta la densidad de población que es considerablemente más reducida. Analiza la peregrinación jacobea en su triple aspecto histórico, artísticocultural y literario.
El clero secular en Navarra a mediados del siglo XIII
Authors: García Arancón María Raquel
Published: February 2018

Este artículo ofrece una aproximación de conjunto a la vida del clero secular en Navarra. Los datos obtenidos ofrecen un interesante muestreo para el estudio del régimen interno y la administración de los cabildos, y revelan que, aunque no juegan un papel relevante, sus actividades y vida económica no están estancados.
Red viaria y cristianización. Pamplona
Authors: Jimeno Aranguren Roldán
Published: February 2018

Entre los numerosos estudios sobre la cristianización de los vascones faltaba un análisis pormenorizado del papel de Pamplona como eje de la cristianización de su territorio. La vieja Iruñea, vertebradora de la Navarra primordial, se sitúa en una auténtica encrucijada de caminos, entre los que destacan las vías Tarraco-Oiasso y Ab Asturica Burdigalam, de las que nacían diferentes ramales. Introducida la cristianización a través del valle del Ebro en el sur de Navarra en el siglo El, es antes de finalizar el siglo IV o, como mucho, los comienzos de la siguiente centuria cuando se crea en Pamplona una sede episcopal, desde donde se irradia al resto del territorio el mensaje de Cristo. En el siglo IX aparecen importantes monasterios a lo largo del prepirineo navarro, aunque parte de la población todavía continuará con un sincretismo religioso del que será difícil desprenderse.
Obispos procedentes de Castilla y proyectos de reforma en la Sede de Coimbra (1358-1407)
Authors: Sánchez Sesa Rafael
Published: February 2018

El estudio se centra en el obispado de Coimbra en un período en el que se suceden seis prelados de origen castellano, implicados de una u otra forma en proyectos reformadores. La permeabilidad de las fronteras políticas en el ámbito eclesiástico explicaría en buena medida la presencia continuada de prelados castellanos en una sede portuguesa, prelados que influyeron en los posteriores intentos de reforma en la iglesia lusitana.
Martín Jiménez: un clérigo navarro entre sus obligaciones canónicas y la docencia universitaria (1268-1302)
Authors: Tamburri Bariain Pascual
Published: February 2018

La formación del clero español, al menos antes de la Reforma tridentina, tuvo como nota característica la heterogeneidad. En función de la renovación de la historia universitaria y educativa, ha de reexaminarse el vasto conjunto de estudios y materiales reunidos en las últimas décadas. El caso de Martinus Eximinis, canonista en Italia a finales del siglo XIII, se propone aquí para plantear tanto la importancia concedida por las instituciones eclesiásticas a la formación superior de sus miembros más jóvenes y capacitados como la respuesta de éstos una vez alcanzados los grados académicos más altos en un momento de transición eclesial y de cambio social.
Procesos innovadores de cooperación: análisis y potencial de las redes de Living Labs
Authors: Ortega Madrigal L. , Jareño Escudero C. , Soto Francés L. , Valero Escribano V.
Published: February 2018

La cooperación internacional es un componente intrínseco de los procesos de innovación y desarrollo. Además de un modelo de cooperación, las redes constituyen un modelo organizativo para el fortalecimiento institucional, para la articulación de los sistemas nacionales de innovación y para la internacionalización de los mismos. Asimismo, durante los 10 últimos años ha habido un incremento de Living Labs en Europa, vinculados a la innovación, que están formando una creciente comunidad canalizada a través de La Red Europea de Living Labs. Con el objetivo de conocer el estado del arte y las necesidades futuras de las redes de Living Labs se han analizado las redes existentes, siendo el objetivo principal el intercambio de mejores prácticas y lecciones aprendidas. La armonización y la integración de herramientas y métodos entre los socios es otro de los objetivos de cooperación. Finalmente, un tercer objetivo es que entre los socios de los diferentes laboratorios se desarrolle una investigación a mayor escala. Se requiere una mayor estructura organizativa para resultados colaborativos y de investigación a mayor escala, las redes son aún jóvenes.
Information Content of Insider Trading Volume: Evidence from Sri Lanka
Authors: Perera K. L. U. D. , Nimal P. D.
Published: February 2018

This study examines whether high volume directors’ trading is more informative than low volume directors’ trading. It further examines the speed of adjustment of stock prices for the information content of high volume directors’ trading of the listed companies in the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE). This study analyses a sample of high rupee-volume and percentage-volume directors’ purchases and sales reported to the CSE during September, 2004 to August, 2012 using the standard event study methodology. The findings on the high rupee-volume trading are consistent with the hypotheses that high rupee-volume directors’ purchases (sales) are associated with positive (negative) abnormal returns. Although the abnormal returns of percentage-volume directors’ sales are negative and significant, the high percentage-volume directors’ purchases are not significant. The findings on the speed of adjustment of stock prices on these information are not conclusive. I.e., the abnormal returns of high rupee-volume directors’ purchases are positive and significant on the event day and the abnormal returns of high rupee-volume and percentage-volume director’s sales are negative and significant but have been reflected in the stock prices with a delay suggesting that the adjustment of stock prices for director’s sales may not be quick in the CSE.
Effect of Information Access through Social Capital on Mitigating Business Opportunism of Small Enterprises in Sri Lanka
Authors: Priyanath H. M. S. , Premaratne S. P.
Published: February 2018

The study explored how information access through different dimensions of Social Capital (SC) (structural, relational and cognitive) affects the mitigation of business opportunism. Data were collected from 373 Small Enterprises (SEs) in Sri Lanka, conducting face-to-face interviews with the owners of SEs. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyse data. The results revealed that information accessed through different dimensions of SC have significant negative effects with business opportunism of exchange partners. Therefore, the study recommends SEs to develop SC while having strong relationships with exchange partners in order to access information leading to the mitigation of opportunism of exchange partners.
The periplectic Brauer algebra II: Decomposition multiplicities
Authors: Coulembier Kevin , Ehrig Michael
Published: February 2018

We determine the Jordan–Hölder decomposition multiplicities of projective and cell modules over periplectic Brauer algebras in characteristic zero. These are obtained by developing the combinatorics of certain skew Young diagrams.We also establish a useful relationship with the Kazhdan–Lusztig multiplicities of the periplectic Lie supergroup.
Berezin–Toeplitz quantization and complex Weyl quantization of the torus $\mathbb T^2$
Authors: Rouby Ophélie
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we give a correspondence between the Berezin–Toeplitz and the complex Weyl quantizations of the torus

\mathbb T^2

. To achieve this, we use the correspondence between the Berezin–Toeplitz and the complex Weyl quantizations of the complex plane and a relation between the Berezin–Toeplitz quantization of a periodic symbol on the real phase space

\mathbb R^2

and the Berezin–Toeplitz quantization of a symbol on the torus

\mathbb T^2

.
Atmospheric new particle formation at the research station Melpitz, Germany: connection with gaseous precursors and meteorological parameters
Authors: Größ Johannes , Hamed Amar , Sonntag André , Spindler Gerald , Manninen Hanna Elina , Nieminen Tuomo , Kulmala Markku , Hõrrak Urmas , Plass-Dülmer Christian , Wiedensohler Alfred , Birmili Wolfram
Published: February 2018

Abstract. This paper revisits the atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) process in the polluted Central European troposphere,
focusing on the connection with gas-phase precursors and meteorological parameters. Observations were made at the
research station Melpitz (former East Germany) between 2008 and 2011 involving a neutral cluster and air ion spectrometer
(NAIS). Particle formation events were classified by a new automated method based on the convolution integral of particle
number concentration in the diameter interval 2–20 nm. To study the relevance of gaseous sulfuric acid as
a precursor for nucleation, a proxy was derived on the basis of direct measurements during a 1-month campaign in
May 2008. As a major result, the number concentration of freshly produced particles correlated significantly with the
concentration of sulfur dioxide as the main precursor of sulfuric acid. The condensation sink, a factor potentially
inhibiting NPF events, played a subordinate role only. The same held for experimentally determined ammonia
concentrations. The analysis of meteorological parameters confirmed the absolute need for solar radiation to induce NPF
events and demonstrated the presence of significant turbulence during those events. Due to its tight correlation with
solar radiation, however, an independent effect of turbulence for NPF could not be established. Based on the diurnal
evolution of aerosol, gas-phase, and meteorological parameters near the ground, we further conclude that the particle
formation process is likely to start in elevated parts of the boundary layer rather than near ground level.
The effects of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on the winter haze pollution of China
Authors: Zhao Shuyun , Zhang Hua , Xie Bing
Published: February 2018

Abstract. It has been reported in previous studies that El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influenced not only the summer monsoon, but also the winter monsoon over East Asia. This contains some clues that ENSO may affect the winter haze pollution of China, which has become a serious problem in recent decades, through influencing the winter climate of East Asia. In this work, we explored the effects of ENSO on the winter (from December to February) haze pollution of China statistically and numerically. Statistical results revealed that the haze days of southern China tended to be fewer (more) than normal in El Niño (La Niña) winter, whereas the relationships between the winter haze days of northern and eastern China and ENSO were not significant. Results from numerical simulations also showed that ENSO influenced the winter atmospheric anthropogenic aerosol content over southern China more obviously than it did over northern and eastern China. Under the emission level of aerosols for the year 2010, winter atmospheric anthropogenic aerosol content over southern China was generally greater (less) than normal in El Niño (La Niña) winter. This was because the transport of aerosols from South and Southeast Asia to southern China was enhanced (weakened), which masked the better (worse) scavenging conditions for aerosols in El Niño (La Niña) winter. The frequency distribution of the simulated daily surface concentrations of aerosols over southern China indicated that the region tended to have fewer clean and moderate (heavy) haze days, but more heavy (moderate) haze days in El Niño (La Niña) winter.
Investigating biomass burning aerosol morphology using a laser imaging nephelometer
Authors: Manfred Katherine M. , Washenfelder Rebecca A. , Wagner Nicholas L. , Adler Gabriela , Erdesz Frank , Womack Caroline C. , Lamb Kara D. , Schwarz Joshua P. , Franchin Alessandro , Selimovic Vanessa , Yokelson Robert J. , Murphy Daniel M.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Particle morphology is an important parameter affecting aerosol
optical properties that are relevant to climate and air quality, yet it is
poorly constrained due to sparse in situ measurements. Biomass burning is a
large source of aerosol that generates particles with different morphologies.
Quantifying the optical contributions of non-spherical aerosol populations is
critical for accurate radiative transfer models, and for correctly
interpreting remote sensing data. We deployed a laser imaging nephelometer at
the Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory to sample biomass burning aerosol from
controlled fires during the FIREX intensive laboratory study. The laser
imaging nephelometer measures the unpolarized scattering phase function of an
aerosol ensemble using diode lasers at 375 and 405 nm. Scattered light from
the bulk aerosol in the instrument is imaged onto a charge-coupled device
(CCD) using a wide-angle
field-of-view lens, which allows for measurements at 4–175∘
scattering angle with ∼ 0.5∘ angular resolution. Along with a
suite of other instruments, the laser imaging nephelometer sampled fresh
smoke emissions both directly and after removal of volatile components with a
thermodenuder at 250 ∘C. The total integrated aerosol scattering
signal agreed with both a cavity ring-down photoacoustic spectrometer system
and a traditional integrating nephelometer within instrumental uncertainties.
We compare the measured scattering phase functions at 405 nm to theoretical
models for spherical (Mie) and fractal (Rayleigh–Debye–Gans) particle
morphologies based on the size distribution reported by an optical particle
counter. Results from representative fires demonstrate that particle
morphology can vary dramatically for different fuel types. In some cases, the
measured phase function cannot be described using Mie theory. This study
demonstrates the capabilities of the laser imaging nephelometer instrument to
provide realtime, in situ information about dominant particle morphology,
which is vital for understanding remote sensing data and accurately
describing the aerosol population in radiative transfer calculations.
Global evaluation and calibration of a passive air sampler for gaseous mercury
Authors: McLagan David S. , Mitchell Carl P. J. , Steffen Alexandra , Hung Hayley , Shin Cecilia , Stupple Geoff W. , Olson Mark L. , Luke Winston T. , Kelley Paul , Howard Dean , Edwards Grant C. , Nelson Peter F. , Xiao Hang , Sheu Guey-Rong , Dreyer Annekatrin , Huang Haiyong , Abdul Hussain Batual , Lei Ying D. , Tavshunsky Ilana , Wania Frank
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Passive air samplers (PASs) for gaseous mercury (Hg) were deployed for time periods between 1 month and 1 year at 20 sites across the globe with continuous atmospheric Hg monitoring using active Tekran instruments. The purpose was to evaluate the accuracy of the PAS vis-à-vis the industry standard active instruments and to determine a sampling rate (SR; the volume of air stripped of gaseous Hg per unit of time) that is applicable across a broad variety of conditions. The sites spanned a wide range of latitudes, altitudes, meteorological conditions, and gaseous Hg concentrations. Precision, based on 378 replicated deployments performed by numerous personnel at multiple sites, is 3.6 ± 3.0 %*, confirming the PAS's excellent reproducibility and ease-of-use. Using a SR previously determined at a single site, gaseous Hg concentrations derived from the globally distributed PASs deviate from Tekran-based concentrations by 14.2 ± 10 %. A recalibration using the entire new data set yields a slightly higher SR of 0.1354 ± 0.016 m3 day−1. When concentrations are derived from the PAS using this revised SR the difference is reduced to 8.8 ± 7.5 %. At the mean gaseous Hg concentration across the study sites of 1.54 ng m−3, this represents an ability to resolve concentrations to within 0.13 ng m−3. Adjusting the sampling rate to deployment specific temperatures and wind speeds does not decrease the difference in active–passive concentration further (8.7 ± 5.7 %), but reduces its variability by leading to better agreement in Hg concentrations measured at sites with very high and very low temperatures and very high wind speeds. This value (8.7 ± 5.7 %) represents a conservative assessment of the overall uncertainty of the PAS due to inherent uncertainties of the Tekran instruments. Going forward, the recalibrated SR adjusted for temperature and wind speed should be used, especially if conditions are highly variable or deviate considerably from the average of the deployments in this study (9.89 °C, 3.41 m s−1). Overall, the study demonstrates that the sampler is capable of recording background gaseous Hg concentrations across a wide range of environmental conditions with accuracy similar to that of industry standard active sampling instruments. Results at sites with active speciation units were inconclusive on whether the PASs take up total gaseous Hg or solely gaseous elemental Hg primarily because gaseous oxidized Hg concentrations were in a similar range as the uncertainty of the PAS.
Technical note: Characterization of steady-state fluorescence properties of polystyrene latex spheres using off- and on-line spectroscopic methods
Authors: Könemann Tobias , Savage Nicole J. , Huffman J. Alex , Pöhlker Christopher
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Fluorescent dyed polystyrene latex spheres (PSLs) are commonly used for characterization and calibration of instruments detecting auto-fluorescence signals from particles suspended in the air and other fluids. Instruments like the Ultraviolet Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (UV-APS) and the Waveband Integrated Bio-aerosol Sensor (WIBS) are widely used for bioaerosol research, but these instruments present significant technical and physical challenges requiring careful characterization with standard particles. Many other research communities use flow cytometry and other instruments that interrogate fluorescence from individual particles, and these also frequently rely on fluorescent PSLs as standards. Nevertheless, information about physical properties of commercially available PSLs provided by each manufacturer is generally proprietary and rarely available, making their use in fluorescence validation and calibration very difficult. This technical note presents an overview of steady-state fluorescence properties of fluorescent and non-fluorescent PSLs, as well as for polystyrene-divenylbenzene (PS-DVB) particles, by using on- and off-line spectroscopic techniques. We show that the fluorescence landscape of PSLs is more complex than the information typically provided by manufacturers may imply, especially revealing multimodal emission patterns. Furthermore, non-fluorescent PSLs also exhibit defined patterns of fluorescent emission originating from a mixture of polystyrene- and detergents, which becomes a crucial point for fluorescence threshold calibrations and qualitative comparison between instruments. By comparing PSLs of different sizes, but doped with the same dye, changes in emission spectra from bulk solutions are not immediately obvious. On a single-particle scale, however, fluorescence intensity values increase with increasing particle size. No significant effect in the fluorescence signatures was detectable by comparing PSLs in dry- vs. wet states, indicating that solvent water may only play a minor role as a fluorescence quencher. Because information provided by manufacturers of commercially available PSLs is generally very limited, we provide the steady-state excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) of PSLs as open access data. Detergent and solvent effects are also discussed in order to provide information not available elsewhere to researchers in the bioaerosol and other research communities. These data are not meant to serve as a fundamental library of PSL properties, because of the variability of fluorescent properties between batches and as a function of particle aging and agglomeration. The data presented, however, provide a summary of spectral features which are consistent across these widely used fluorescent standards. Using these concepts, further checks will likely be required by individual researchers using specific lots of standards.
Distinctive effects of allochthonous and autochthonous organic matter on CDOM spectra in a tropical lake
Authors: Brandão Luciana Pena Mello , Brighenti Ludmila Silva , Staehr Peter Anton , Asmala Eero , Massicotte Philippe , Tonetta Denise , Barbosa Francisco Antônio Rodrigues , Pujoni Diego , Bezerra-Neto José Fernandes
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Despite the increasing understanding about differences in carbon cycling between temperate and tropical freshwater systems, our knowledge on the importance of organic matter (OM) pools on light absorption properties in tropical lakes is very scarce. We performed a factorial mesocosm experiment in a tropical lake (Minas Gerais, Brazil) to evaluate the effects of increased concentrations of allochthonous and autochthonous OM on the light absorption characteristics of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), in addition to differences in light availability. We added inorganic nutrients (to stimulate OM autochthonous production by phytoplankton growth) and allochthonous OM, and also introduced shading. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Chl-a, nutrients, total suspended solid concentrations (TSM) and spectral CDOM absorption were measured every three days to evaluate how they responded to these treatments. CDOM quality was characterized by spectral indices (S250–450, S275–295, S350–450, SR and SUVA254). The effect of carbon sources on the spectral CDOM absorption was investigated through principal component (PCA) and redundancy (RDA) analyses. The two different OM sources affected CDOM quality differently. Spectral indices (S250–450 and SR) were mostly affected by allochthonous OM addition. The PCA showed that enrichment by allochthonous carbon had a strong effect on the CDOM spectra in the range between 300 and 400 nm, while the increase of autochthonous carbon increased absorption at wavelengths below 350 nm. Our results show that small inputs of allochthonous OM have much larger effects on the spectral characteristics on the lake CDOM, compared to large production of autochthonous OM.
Reconciling drainage and receiving basin signatures of the Godavari River system
Authors: Usman Muhammed O. , Kirkels Frédérique M. S. A. , Zwart Huub M. , Basu Sayak , Ponton Camilo , Blattmann Thomas M. , Ploetze Michael , Haghipour Negar , McIntyre Cameron , Peterse Francien , Lupker Maarten , Giosan Liviu , Eglinton Timothy I.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The modern-day Godavari River transports large amounts of sediment (170 Tg per year) and terrestrial organic carbon (OCterr; 1.5 Tg per year) from peninsular India to the Bay of Bengal. The flux and nature of OCterr is considered to have varied in response to past climate and human forcing. In order to delineate the provenance and nature of organic matter (OM) exported by the fluvial system and establish links to sedimentary records accumulating on its adjacent continental margin, the stable and radiogenic isotopic composition of bulk OC, abundance and distribution of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), sedimentological properties (e.g. grain size, mineral surface area etc.) of fluvial (riverbed and riverbank) sediments and soils from the Godavari basin were analysed and these characteristics were compared to those of a sediment core retrieved from the continental slope depocenter. Results show that river sediments from the upper catchment exhibit higher total organic carbon (TOC) contents than those from the lower part of the basin. The general relationship between TOC and sedimentological parameters (i.e., mineral-specific surface area and grain size) of the sediments suggests that sediment mineralogy, largely driven by provenance, plays an important role in the stabilization of OM during transport along the river axis, and in preservation of OM exported by the Godavari to the Bay of Bengal. The stable carbon isotopic (δ13C) characteristics of river sediments and soils indicate that the upper mainstream and its tributaries drain catchments exhibiting more 13C enriched carbon than the lower stream resulting from the regional vegetation gradient and/or net balance between the upper (C4-dominated plants) and lower (C3-dominated plants) catchments. The radiocarbon contents of organic carbon (Δ14COC) in deep soils and eroding riverbanks suggests these are likely sources of “old” or pre-aged carbon to the Godavari River that increasingly dominates the late Holocene portion of the offshore sedimentary record. Reduced monsoonal rainfall and sediment transport impeded by recent dam constructions have drastically impacted the flux, loci and composition of OC exported from the modern Godavari basin, rendering it challenging to reconcile modern-day river geochemistry with that recorded in continental margin sediments.
A rapidly converging spin-up method for the present-day Greenland
ice sheet using the GRISLI ice-sheet model
Authors: Le clec'h Sébastien , Quiquet Aurélien , Charbit Sylvie , Dumas Christophe , Kageyama Masa , Ritz Catherine
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Providing reliable projections of the ice-sheet contribution to future sea-level rise has become one of the main challenges of the ice-sheet modelling community. To increase confidence in future projections, a good knowledge of the present-day state of the ice flow dynamics, which is critically dependent on basal conditions, is strongly needed. The main difficulty is tied to the scarcity of observations at the ice-bed interface at the scale of the whole ice sheet, resulting in poorly constrained parameterisations in ice-sheet models. To circumvent this drawback, inverse modelling approaches can be developed and validated against available data to infer reliable initial conditions of the ice sheet. Here, we present a spin-up method for the Greenland ice sheet using the thermo-mechanical hybrid GRISLI ice-sheet model. Our approach is based on the adjustment of the basal drag coefficient that relates the sliding velocities at the ice-bed interface to basal shear stress in unfrozen bed areas. This method relies on an iterative process in which the basal drag is periodically adjusted in such as way that the simulated ice thickness matches the observed one. The process depends on three parameters controlling the duration and the number of iterations. The best spin-up parameters are chosen according to two criteria to minimize errors in sea-level projections: the final difference between the simulated and the observed Greenland ice volume as well as the final ice volume trend which must both be as low as possible. To increase confidence in the inferred parameters, we also make sure that the final ice thickness root mean square error from the observations is not greater than a few tens of meters. Our best results are obtained after only 420 years of simulation, highlighting a rapid convergence and demonstrating that our method can be used for computationally expensive ice sheet models.
An improved perspective in the representation of soil moisture: potential added value of SMOS disaggregated 1 km resolution product
Authors: Khodayar Samiro , Coll Amparo , Lopez-Baeza Ernesto
Published: February 2018

Abstract. This study uses the synergy of multiresolution soil moisture (SM) satellite estimates from the Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, a dense network of ground-based SM measurements, and a Soil Vegetation Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) model, SURFEX (Externalized Surface) – module ISBA (Interactions between Soil-Biosphere-Atmosphere), to examine, i) the comparison and suitability of different operational SMOS SM products to provide realistic information on the water content of the soil as well as the added value of the newly released SMOS Level 4 3.0 all weather disaggregated ~ 1 km SM (SMOS_L43.0), and ii) its potential impact for improving uncertainty associated to SM initialization in land surface modelling. Three different data products from SMOS-L3 (~ 25 km), L2 (~ 15 km), and disaggregated L4 3.0 (~ 1 km) are investigated. In situ SM observations over the Valencia Anchor Station (VAS; SMOS Calibration/Validation (Cal/Val) site in Europe) are used for comparison. The SURFEX-ISBA model is used to simulate point-scale surface SM (SSM) and, in combination with high-quality atmospheric information data, namely ECMWF and the SAFRAN meteorological analysis system, to obtain a representative SSM mapping over the VAS. The sensitivity to SSM initialization, particularly to realistic initialization with SMOS_L43.0 to simulate the spatial and temporal distribution of SSM is assessed. Results demonstrate: (a) all SMOS products correctly capture the temporal patterns, but, the spatial patterns are not accurately reproduced by the coarser resolutions probably in relation to the contrast with point-scale in situ measurements. (b) The potential of SMOS-L43.0 product is pointed out to adequately characterize SM spatio-temporal variability reflecting patterns consistent with intensive point scale SSM samples on a daily time scale. The restricted temporal availability of this product dictated by the revisit period of the SMOS satellite compromises the averaged SSM representation for longer periods than a day. (c) A seasonal analysis points out improved consistency during December-January-February and September-October-November in contrast to significantly worse correlations in March-April-May (in relation to the growing vegetation) and June-July-August (in relation to low SSM values
Hydrological processes and permafrost regulate magnitude, source and chemical characteristics of dissolved organic carbon export in a peatland catchment of northeastern China
Authors: Guo Yuedong , Song Changchun , Tan Wenwen , Wang Xianwei , Lu Yongzheng
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Permafrost thawing in peatlands has the potential to alter the catchment
export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), thus influencing the carbon balance
and cycling in linked aquatic and ocean ecosystems. Peatlands along the
southern margins of the Eurasian permafrost are relatively underexplored
despite the considerable risks associated with permafrost degradation due to
climate warming. This study examined dynamics of DOC export from a permafrost
peatland catchment located in northeastern China during the 2012 to 2014
growing seasons. The estimated annual DOC loads varied greatly between 3211
and 19 022 kg yr−1, with a mean DOC yield of
4.7 g m−2 yr−1. Although the estimated DOC yield was in the
lower range compared with other permafrost regions, it was still significant
for the net carbon balance in the studied catchment. There were strong
linkages between daily discharge and DOC concentrations in both wet and dry
years, suggesting a transport-limited process of DOC delivery from the
catchment. Discharge explained the majority of both seasonal and interannual
variations of DOC concentrations, which made annual discharge a good
indicator of total DOC load from the catchment. As indicated by three
fluorescence indices, DOC source and chemical characteristics tracked the
shift of flow paths during runoff processes closely. Interactions between the
flow path and DOC chemical characteristics were greatly influenced by the
seasonal thawing of the soil active layer. The deepening of the active layer
due to climate warming likely increases the proportion of
microbial-originated DOC in baseflow discharge.
Promising Oldest Ice sites in East Antarctica based on
thermodynamical modelling
Authors: Van Liefferinge Brice , Pattyn Frank , Cavitte Marie G. P. , Karlsson Nanna B. , Young Duncan A. , Sutter Johannes , Eisen Olaf
Published: February 2018

Abstract. To resolve the mechanisms behind the major climate reorganisation which occurred between 0.9 and 1.2 Ma, the recovery of a suitable 1.5 million-year-old ice core is fundamental. The quest for such an Oldest Ice core requires a number of key boundary conditions, of which the poorly known basal geothermal heat flux (GHF) is lacking. We use a transient thermodynamical 1D vertical model that solves for the rate of change of temperature in the vertical, with surface temperature and modelled GHF as boundary conditions. For each point on the ice sheet, the model is forced with variations in atmospheric conditions over the last 2 Ma, and modelled ice-thickness variations. The process is repeated for a range of GHF values to determine the value of GHF that marks the limit between frozen and melting conditions over the whole ice sheet, taking into account 2 Ma of climate history. These threshold values of GHF are statistically compared to existing GHF data sets. The new probabilistic GHF fields obtained for the ice sheet thus provide the missing boundary conditions in the search for Oldest Ice. High spatial resolution radar data are examined locally in the Dome Fuji and Dome C regions, as these represent the ice core community's primary drilling sites. GHF, bedrock variability, ice thickness and other essential criteria combined highlight a dozen major potential Oldest Ice sites in the vicinity of Dome Fuji and Dome C, where GHF allows for Oldest Ice.
WITTGENSTEIN, ONTOLOGIA E PANTEÍSMO
Authors: Mandeli Alison Vander
Published: February 2018

No livro This complicated form of life, Newton Garver apresenta uma interpretação curiosa da primeira filosofia de Wittgenstein. Baseando-se em algumas passagens dos Notebooks e, principalmente, em considerações sobre a ‘ontologia’ do Tractatus logico-philosophicus, o comentador conclui que a filosofia wittgensteiniana, ao menos em sua primeira fase, implica uma posição místico-religiosa panteísta. Mais precisamente, Garver utiliza um argumento abdutivo para (supostamente) mostrar que o panteísmo seria a melhor explicação para o fato de existirem, segundo ele, duas ontologias no Tractatus, a saber, uma ontologia de fatos e uma ontologia de objetos. O objetivo deste texto é apresentar e refutar esta interpretação. Após reconstruir com detalhes a posição de Garver, apresentarei dois argumentos contra ela. No primeiro, mostrarei que a interpretação do comentarista implica uma ideia inaceitável, segundo a qual o Deus panteísta seria fundamentado ao invés de ser o fundamento, como é comumente entendido nas tradições panteístas. No segundo, mostrarei que é possível explicar de forma plausível a ‘ontologia’ de fatos e de objetos presente no Tractatus, sem apelar ao panteísmo.
HISTORICIDADE, MUDANÇAS RELACIONAIS E NÃO FIXIDEZ DO PASSADO EXISTENCIAL
Authors: Ramos dos Reis Róbson
Published: February 2018

No presente artigo, apresento uma interpretação da mobilidade histórica da existência segundo a analítica existencial de Ser e tempo de Martin Heidegger. A interpretação é elaborada com uma construção conceitual que tem por base as noções de mudança relacional e emergência de determinações. Seguindo um análogo do critério de David Weberman para identificar mudanças relacionais genuínas, examinarei a mobilidade específica da historicidade existencial, procurando ressaltar o compromisso da noção existencial de movimento com uma concepção modal de mudança relacional na existência. Tal concepção também implica a ideia da plasticidade ou não fixidez do passado existencial.
Semigroup ideals and generalized semiderivations of prime near rings
Authors: Ali Asma , Boua Abdelkarim , Ali Farhat
Published: February 2018

Let N be a near ring. An additive mapping F : N 􀀀! N is said to be a generalized semiderivation on N if there exists a semiderivation d : N 􀀀! N associated with a function g : N 􀀀! N such that F(xy) = F(x)y + g(x)d(y) = d(x)g(y) + xF(y) and F(g(x)) = g(F(x)) for all x; y 2 N. In this paper we prove some theorems in the setting of semigroup ideal of a 3-prime near ring admitting a nonzero generalized semiderivation associated with a nonzero semiderivation, thereby extending some known results on derivations, semiderivations and generalized derivations.
Inclusion and equivalence relations between absolute Norlund and absolute weighted mean summability methods
Authors: Zraiqat Amjed
Published: February 2018

In this paper, a set of conditions under which the absolute Nörlund summability method include in the absolute weighted mean method have been established. Three non-trivial examples to show that this inclusion holds have been given, and other three examples to show that even if both and  are regular, the inclusion fails to holds have been constructed. The paper give two non-trivial examples to show that the equivalence of these two methods may holds. Finally, we give two examples to show that inclusion may holds in only one way without the other.
Linear representation of a graph
Authors: Montenegro Eduardo , Cabrera Eduardo , González Campos José , Manríquez Peñafiel Ronald
Published: February 2018

In this paper the linear representation of a graph is defined. A linear representation of a graph is a subgroup of $GL(p,\mathbb{R})$, the group of invertible matrices of order $ p $ and real coefficients. It will be demonstrated that every graph admits a linear representation. In this paper, simple and finite graphs will be used, framed in the graphs theory's area
Global solutions to nonlinear second order interval integrodifferential equations by fixed point in partially ordered sets
Authors: Alikhani Robab , Bahrani Fariba
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we prove the existence and uniqueness of global solution for second order interval valued integrodifferential equation with initial conditions admitting only the existence of a lower solution or an upper solution. In this study, in order to make the global solution on entire $[0,b]$, we use a fixed point in partially ordered sets on the subintervals of $[0,b]$ and obtain local solutions. Also, under weak conditions we show being well-defined a special kind of  H-difference involved in this work. Moreover, we compare the results of existence and uniqueness under consideration of two kind of partial ordering on fuzzy numbers.
The structure of approximative numerals in German
Authors: Pankau Andreas
Published: February 2018

This paper argues that approximative numerals in German such as an die zwanzig ‘up to twenty’ are not numerals contained in a PP, as suggested by Corver & Zwarts (2006). Such numerals are compared with regular PPs and shown to never pattern with PPs. Rather, they pattern with numerals modified by an adverb like ungefähr zwanzig ‘approximately twenty.’ The words appearing before the numeral in approximative numerals such as an die ‘up to’ are hence adverbs, contrary to surface appearance. This result is further supported by the observation that in expressions like an die ‘up to’ neither the alleged preposition behaves like a preposition nor does the alleged definite determiner behave like a definite determiner.
The internal, the external and the hybrid: The state of the art and a new characterization of language as a natural object
Authors: Balari Sergio , Lorenzo Guillermo
Published: February 2018

The state of the art of the debate between externalist and internalist concepts of language is reviewed in this paper, and a new conceptualization of language as a “developmental hybrid” is suggested that entails that it equally comprises environmental and organism-internal component pieces, in an ultimately non dissociable way. The key for understanding this hybrid status is to be found in development, for when individually evolving, a general dynamic is observed in which organism-internal facilities selectively apply to certain designated aspects of the environmental stimulus, which in their turn have a facilitatory impact on these very same facilities. These kinds of loops inspire the conclusion that the internal and the external compose a single, integrated developmental unit.
Management of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Mooar Pekka A. , Doherty William J. , Murray Jayson N. , Pezold Ryan , Sevarino Kaitlyn S.
Published: February 2018

The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) has developed Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) for Management of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Evidence-based information, in conjunction with the clinical expertise of physicians, was used to develop the criteria to improve patient care and obtain best outcomes while considering the subtleties and distinctions necessary in making clinical decisions. To provide the evidence foundation for this AUC, the AAOS Evidence-Based Medicine Unit provided the writing panel and voting panel with the 2016 AAOS Clinical Practice Guideline titled Management of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline. The Management of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome AUC clinical patient scenarios were derived from indications typical of patients with suspected carpal tunnel syndrome in clinical practice, as well as from current evidence-based clinical practice guidelines and supporting literature to identify the appropriateness of treatments. The 135 patient scenarios and 6 treatments were developed by the writing panel, a group of clinicians who are specialists in this AUC topic. Next, a separate, multidisciplinary, voting panel (made up of specialists and nonspecialists) rated the appropriateness of treatment of each patient scenario using a 9-point scale to designate a treatment as Appropriate (median rating, 7 to 9), May Be Appropriate (median rating, 4 to 6), or Rarely Appropriate (median rating, 1 to 3).
Stress in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study
Authors: Betti Mohammed Jasim , Ulaiwi Warkaa Awad
Published: February 2018

This study is descriptive which describes and compares stress in English and Arabic in order to arrive at the points of similarity and difference. This is primarily achieved by showing its degrees, types, and functions, by surveying the literature available and by contrasting it in the two compared languages, conducting a contrastive study. The study hypothesizes that there is no difference between English and Arabic in terms of degrees, types and functions of stress. The study finds out that stress as a phenomenon exists in both languages and it is not phonemic. In addition, in both languages, it is connected with strong syllables, and its primary functions of stress are emphasis and contrast.
Een moderne inbeslagneming van voorwerpen
Authors: Nan J.S.
Published: February 2018

Een moderne inbeslagneming van voorwerpen

Degene ten laste van wie voorwerpen strafvorderlijk in beslag zijn genomen, heeft een bijzondere zwakke positie. Na een vergelijking met het civiele, conservatoire beslag, wordt de nieuwe conceptregeling inzake Modernisering Wetboek van Strafvordering besproken. Daarbij worden verdergaande voorstellen gedaan om de positie van de beslagene c.q. rechthebbende te versterken.
Kwaliteit en Innovatie in het Caribische deel van het Koninkrijk
Authors: Lewin G.C.C.
Published: February 2018

Kwaliteit en Innovatie in het Caribische deel van het Koninkrijk

Deze bijdrage geeft een overzicht van de stand van zaken in het Caribische deel van het Koninkrijk op de diverse gebieden die in Nederland onder KEI vallen, zoals digitaal procederen, mondelinge behandeling en termijnbewaking. Het spreekt niet vanzelf dat KEI-achtige ontwikkelingen die zich in Nederland voordoen, ook in het Caribische deel van het Koninkrijk worden ingevoerd. De uitdagingen zitten in de acceptatie bij de rechters, de advocatuur en de samenleving.
Palabras de presentación
Authors: Rey Juan
Published: February 2018

Editorial
Técnicas de relación con la prensa en la gestión de la comunicación organizacional: el caso del Consejo Regulador del Brandy de Jerez
Authors: Pulido Marta
Published: February 2018

Las relaciones públicas describen un proceso directivo que se encarga de gestionar la comunicación que las organizaciones establecen con los diferentes públicos de su entorno. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es demostrar el grado de importancia que el empleo de técnicas de relaciones con los medios de comunicación social tiene en la gestión de la comunicación organizacional. Para responder a este objetivo, se analiza el comportamiento comunicacional del Consejo Regulador del Brandy de Jerez durante sus veinte años de historia, utilizando una triangulación metodológica fundamentada en el método del estudio de caso y el análisis de contenido.
La espectacularización de la naturaleza: estudio de la serie documental Seaway
Authors: Gil Gascón Fátima , Melgosa Rodríguez Fernando
Published: February 2018

Este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar la forma en la que los documentales de naturaleza participan de la progresiva espectacularización de los formatos televisivos a través del estudio de Seaway (González y Rodríguez, 2014), una serie documental española de 13 capítulos sobre el mundo submarino. Para ello se ha procedido al análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de las herramientas visuales, narrativas y sonoras usadas por este tipo de productos para atraer y seducir al espectador. El estudio de estas cuestiones ha permitido constatar la presencia de las formulas tradicionales así como descubrir las nuevas tendencias utilizadas por el lenguaje documental para plasmar el mundo marino de forma amena y atractiva tal y como exigen los nuevos cánones televisivos.
Determinación de audiencias: una aplicación multivariable
Authors: Guerrero Sarón Carlos A.
Published: February 2018

Resulta suficientemente conocida para el lector la dificultad que entrañan los métodos usuales para la determinación de audiencias. En términos puramente instrumentales, la mayoría de ellos -si no todos­ requieren disponer, en primer lugar, de una amplia base de datos -acaso lo más difícil- y, después, de un paquete estadístico muy especializado. La consecuencia de ello es clara: la mayoría de los usuarios tienen que conformarse con lo que los grandes centros de datos les ofrecen -y al precio que les pidan- o planificar intuitivamente.
Un mundo con valores en la publicidad radiofónica
Authors: García González Aurora
Published: February 2018

Estas  páginas desarrollan  una  hipótesis acerca  del  papel  de la  publicidad, en  particular la  publicidad radiofónica, para  la  trans­ misión de  valores   en  la  sociedad contemporánea.  Pienso   que  la  publi­ cidad   puede   también contribuir a la  construcción de  una  sociedad en la  que  el conocimiento y los  valores  sean  el  motor  de  nuevas formas de convivencia y participación  social. En  el  trabajo se  han  estudiado las cuñas  presentadas al  Festival de  Publicidad de  San  Sebastián del  año 2001 (31   de  mayo  a 3  de  junio), que  reflejan en  alguna medida  valo­res que  se manejan en  la  sociedad española actual.