bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of caesarean delivery in Southwest Ethiopia: incidence, indications and outcomes
Authors: Akki Jebessa Shekuro , Gemeda Desta Hiko , Akessa Geremew Muleta
Published: July 2015

Background/Aims:

Although the rate of caesarean delivery has increased dramatically worldwide, data reported from 1991 to 2003 show that most low-income countries have a caesarean delivery rate of less than 10%, while more than 30% of middle- and high-income countries exceeded 20%. The most recently available data from the World Health Organization (WHO) indicate that more than half of high-income countries have a caesarean delivery rate in excess of 25%, with caesarean sections accounting for approximately 32.3% of births in the US. The four most common indications for caesarean deliveries are: i) failure to progress during labour; ii) previous hysterectomy; iii) non-reassuring fetal status; and iv) fetal malpresentation. In this article, the authors aimed to investigate the incidence, indications and outcomes of caesarean sections in Southwest Ethiopia.

Methods:

A hospital-based cross-sectional survey was conducted and data were collected and analysed for statistical significance.

Results:

Based on the data collected, the region's caesarean delivery rate was found to be 27.6%. The average age of patients in the study was 26.9±5.04 years (15–40 years). The leading indications for caesarean section are: cephalopelvic disproportion (32.3%); previous caesarean section (24.2%); fetal distress (18.1%); malpresentation and malposition (8.8%); and antepartum haemorrhage (4.2%). There were no maternal deaths recorded, but the overall maternal morbidity rate was 15.4%.

Conclusions:

The caesarean delivery rate in Southwest Ethiopia is markedly higher than the recommended rate set by WHO for developing countries (15%). However, the maternal morbidity rate is still high and further research needs to be carried out on the causes and prevention of such cases.
Determinants of choice of place of birth and skilled birth attendants among women in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Akinwaare Margaret Omowaleola , Adejumo Prisca Olabisi
Published: July 2015

Background/Aims:

In developing countries, such as Nigeria, the risk of maternal death is 1 in 48 births. This is in part due to a skilled birth attendant not being available during childbirth. The majority of maternal deaths are avoidable and can be prevented if births are conducted by a skilled birth attendant, such as a midwife. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to examine factors influencing women's choice of place to give birth.

Methods:

Random sampling was employed to select health facilities and purposive sampling was used to recruit participants (n=400). A self-reported structured questionnaire was administered to generate data.

Results:

The majority of respondents were aware of health facilities offering maternity services where they lived, with 313 respondents (79.2%) indicating their preferred place of birth was the hospital. Several factors influenced women's choice of place of birth, particularly level of education, parity and religion.

Conclusions:

Birth outside health facilities in Nigeria is unlikely to involve a skilled birth attendant, which contributes to maternal and neonatal mortality. Health professionals involved in maternal and child health in developing countries should promote awareness on the importance of hospital birth.
Perceived need and use of pain relief during labour among childbearing women in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Ndikom Chizoma Millicent , Olejiya Temitope Elizabeth
Published: July 2015

Background/Aims:

Pain is the most common indication for women during labour. Yet, many women go through labour without any form of pain relief. The objective of this study was to determine the perceived need and use of pain relief during labour among childbearing women in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was carried out among 144 women in the Akinyele Area in Ibadan, who were selected using a convenience sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the women and data were analysed using chi-square testing.

Results:

The majority of respondents (83.4%) agreed that labour pain is distressing and 58.3% had never used pain relief during labour. Over 60% of women in the study desired pain relief during labour, but 52.8% were not aware they could ask for it. There was a significant association between prenatal pain relief information and use of pain relief (Fisher's exact test, P<0.001). The perception of labour pain and the need to relieve labour pain were significantly correlated (Fisher's exact test, P<0.001).

Conclusions:

Many women desire pain relief during labour; therefore, effort should be made to ensure proper interventions are in place to enable mothers to cope better with labour pain.
Summarising numerical variables
Authors: Campbell Malcolm
Published: July 2015

This regular series of articles will tell you about Statistics, what it is, the key concepts and approaches, statistical tests and how to choose them, and how to write up your findings. In each issue of the journal, we will focus on a different topic, see how it was applied in relevant papers, and gradually build up your understanding of this important subject.
Discussing defibrillator deactivation in heart failure
Authors: Templeton Sheena
Published: July 2015

The number of patients receiving implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) increases each year. This could be owing to an improved quality of out-of-hospital resuscitation or broader screening and understanding of inherited cardiomyopathies, or an evidentially greater application of defibrillators in heart failure management. The targeted trend to reduce cardiovascular disease mortality surely means that health professionals can expect to encounter patients who have implantable defibrillators more regularly. The questions of who has the responsibility for these devices when a patient's condition becomes more complex, moves across levels of specialties, or requires palliative care, is an important one. This article aims to illustrate the rationale behind implanting defibrillator devices and simplify their management in the long term.
A review of peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
Authors: Rose Mary Delphine
Published: July 2015

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a long-term devastating condition characterised by obstruction or narrowing of the arteries, mainly the arteries that supply blood to the lower limbs. PAD involves atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta, iliac and lower extremity arteries, causing intermittent claudication (IC) (a cramp-like pain in the legs and/or buttocks on exertion which is relieved by resting), ischaemic rest pain, ischaemic ulceration, and limb loss. PAD is associated with significant reduction in quality of life and is a substantial public health problem. Unfortunately, the 10-year mortality of PAD is about 50% and the majority of patients with PAD are asymptomatic until the advanced stage. As a result, PAD is underreported, under-diagnosed and sub-optimally treated.
Managing patient expectations: transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Frame Angela , Barker Sarah
Published: July 2015

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is now an established treatment for patients with severe aortic stenosis who have been deemed high risk for open heart surgery. These patients are referred to specialist centres for assessment and to determine suitability for the TAVI procedure. This constitutes a complex population of older patients who will require multiple investigations. Each patient entering the assessment process may have different expectations about the investigations and the procedure itself. There is limited evidence regarding the impact of patient expectations on patient satisfaction; however, this is an issue the nurse specialist deals with on a regular basis. As the first point of contact for the patient, the specialist nurse is in a key position to establish effective communication with patients and their caregivers, and set realistic and individual goals for them at each stage. The results of the specific TAVI investigations will dictate the pathway for the patient, and it is important to remember that not all the patients referred to the TAVI centres will be suitable for the procedure. The aim is to ensure that the patient understands that a decision will be reached that will reflect the specialist team's views as to the best interests of the individual patient. This article will discuss the management of patient expectations based on the experiences of two specialist nurses at London TAVI centres.
Nurses' knowledge of caring for patients with ICDs
Authors: Ting Fang Feng , Lee Geraldine A
Published: July 2015

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are used to treat lethal arrhythmias.

Objective:

This study examined nurses' overall knowledge level about ICDs and the relationship between cardiac nurses' qualifications and length of nursing experience caring for ICD recipients.

Method:

A validated questionnaire was administered to examine cardiac nurses' knowledge and confidence before and after ICD insertion at two London hospitals.

Results:

A total of 58 (63.7%) nurses responded with the majority recording post-basic qualifications (n=46; 79%) and primarily in cardiology (n=33; 57%). Correct responses to individual knowledge-based questions ranged from 10–97%. The results revealed that the more experienced cardiac nurses in higher bands with degree-level qualifications were likely to achieve higher scores in knowledge-based questions (p<0.05), although some inconsistencies in responses were noted.

Conclusion:

The cardiac nurses in this small sample had moderate confidence in their knowledge about ICD care. However, the survey results highlighted the need for structured education.
The uptake of non-branded medicines: Fact, fiction and biosimilarities
Authors: Spoors John , Kusel Jeanette
Published: July 2015

With global healthcare budgets increasingly under pressure due to escalating costs, the spend on pharmaceuticals is a prime target for healthcare planners as it is the second largest budget item after staffing expenditure. Against this financial pressure, payers are, understandably, looking at any avenue to save costs and a method that looks increasingly attractive to healthcare planners is boosting prescribing of alternatives to branded medicines via generics and biosimilars. Although generic substitution has largely been accepted as desirable, the prescribing of biosimilars remains contentious. This article looks at the various issues and policies affecting the uptake of non-branded medicines in the UK and across the globe, and highlights the most important issues associated with the topic to assist policy-making going forward. The UK has managed to achieve a high level of generic prescribing without implementing a policy of mandatory prescribing; and the key to the success of this policy is physician advocacy, a concept that must form the bedrock of any policy seeking to expand biosimilar market penetration, both in this country and abroad.
Study of the digestive tract of a rare species of Iranian blind cave fish (Iranocypris typhlops)
Authors: EBRAHIMI ALI
Published: July 2015

Ebrahimi A. 2015. Study of the digestive tract of a rare species of Iranian blind cave fish (Iranocypris typhlops). Biodiversitas 16: 173-178. The Iranian blind cave fish (Iranocypris typhlops) is a unique taxon which only lives within a cave in Lorestan Province insouthwest of Iran. Regardless of its enormous genetic interest, this species faces an imminent risk of extinction as no conservationefforts have been done for its protection. This study aimed to analyze the morphology of the digestive tract of this interesting fish using ahistological approach. Detailed examinations of the fishes showed that the mouth is horseshoe-shaped and located in an inferior situation(ventral side) of the head. In it, there are three rows of pharyngeal teeth including inner, middle and outer rows, which bear 5, 3 and 3 teethrespectively. The esophagus is very short and lined with an epithelium containing numerous mucous folds. The stomach is not present.The anterior segment of the intestine is S-shaped which comprises about one half the gut. In this part, there are mucosal folds which showdifferent sizes and mucous layer is thicker than other layers (submucosa, muscle layer and serosa). The distal portion of the intestine isstraight (rectal) and terminates to the anal region. In general, the ratio of intestine length is 1.2, as compared to the body length. Thisstudy showed that the liver in this taxon is composed of two lobes, the right lobe being two-parts and bigger than the left one. The gallbladder is clear and spherical in appearance. The pancreas is red or orange and observed as scattered masses of cells on the mesentery of thedigestive system. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the morphological characteristics of the digestive tract of theIranian blind cave fish, and its unique characteristics here found confirmed its singularity and so, the urgent need for its conservation.
Cytoplasmic 5-Lipoxygenase Staining Is a Highly Sensitive Marker of Human Tumors of the Choroid Plexus
Authors: Xingfu Wang , Lifeng Zhang , Yupeng Chen , Xueyong Liu , Wei Liu , Yinghao Yu , Suqin Cai , Mi Wang , Sheng Zhang
Published: July 2015

Objectives:

To determine the immunoreactivity status of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) in normal tissues, in tumors of the human choroid plexus, and in other brain tumors.

Methods:

In total, 135 cases of various types of brain tumors were selected. Tissue samples were immunostained with a rabbit polyclonal anti–5-LO antibody.

Results:

Nuclear reactivity was observed in most brain tumors, with most of the positive tumor cells exhibiting low-level reactivity. Cytoplasmic strong immunoreactivity for 5-LO (2+ or 3+) was only observed in 8.8% of astrocytic tumors, 0% of oligodendrogliomatous tumors, 5.6% of ependymal tumors, 0% of embryonal tumors, 3.1% of meningeal tumors, and 0% of metastatic lung adenocarcinomas. In contrast, cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for 5-LO was detected in all 27 cases of choroid plexus tumors. Twenty-five cases showed strong and diffuse cytoplasmic immunoreactivity.

Conclusions:

Our findings indicate that cytoplasmic 5-LO immunoreactivity is highly characteristic of human choroid plexus tumors but not other central nervous system tumor types. Cytoplasmic staining for 5-LO may prove to be a useful immunoreactive marker in the diagnosis of choroid plexus tumors.
Comparative Analysis of Biodiesels from Calabash and Rubber Seeds Oils
Authors: Awulu J.O. , Ogbeh G.O. , Asawa N.D.
Published: July 2015

Physicochemical properties of biodiesel from vegetable oils depend on the inherent properties of the oil-producing seeds. The purpose of this study is to investigate the physicochemical properties of biodiesels extracted from calabash and rubber seeds oils, as well as their combined oil mixtures with a view to ascertaining the most suitable for biodiesel production. Calabash and rubber seeds oils were separately extracted through the use of a mechanical press with periodic addition of water. Biodiesels were produced from each category of the oils by transesterification of the free fatty acid (FFA) with alcohol under the influence of a catalyst in batch process. The physicochemical properties of the biodiesels were investigated and comparatively analysed. The results obtained indicated an average of 1.40 wt% FFA for biodiesel produced from the purified calabash oil, which has a specific gravity of 0.920, pH of 5.93, flash point of 116 0C, fire point of 138 0C, cloud point of 70 0C, pour point of -4 0C, moisture content of 0.82 wt% and specific heat capacity of 5301 J/kgK. Conversely, the results obtained for biodiesel produced from the purified rubber oil showed an average of 33.66 wt% FFA, specific gravity of 0.885, pH of 5.51, flash point of 145 0C, fire point of 170 0C, cloud point of 10 0C, pour point of 4 0C, moisture content of 1.30 wt% and specific heat capacity of 9317 J/kgK. However, results obtained for biodiesel produced from the combined oil mixtures indicated an average of 19.77 wt% FFA content, specific gravity of 0.904, API gravity of 25.036, pH value of 5.73, flash point of 157 0C, Fire point of 180 0C, cloud point of 9 0C, pour point of 5 0C, moisture content of 0.93 wt% and specific heat capacity of 6051 J/kgK. Biodiesel produced from calabash seed oil is superior in quality to rubber seed oil, particularly in terms of its low FFA and moisture contents.
Should Ad Spending Increase or Decrease before a Recall Announcement? The Marketing–Finance Interface in Product-Harm Crisis Management
Authors: Gao Haibing , Xie Jinhong , Wang Qi , Wilbur Kenneth C.
Published: July 2015

Product recalls tend to damage the stock price of the recalling firm. This article proposes and empirically demonstrates that adjustments to prerecall advertising spending can be used as a tool to moderate this financial damage. Using data on automobile recalls and detailed advertising expenditures from 2005 to 2012, the authors show that adjustments to a firm's prerecall advertising expenditure can either mitigate or amplify the negative effect of the recall on stock market value, depending on the direction of advertising adjustment and the recall characteristics. Boosting ad spending before a recall announcement softens the stock price loss when the recall involves a newly introduced product with a minor hazard but sharpens the loss when the recalled product is an established model with a major hazard. Cutting prerecall advertising worsens the stock price loss when the recall involves a new product, regardless of the hazard. This research also reveals that in product-harm crisis management, profit maximization and shareholder value maximization can conflict with each other, underscoring the importance of developing an integrated crisis management strategy.
Consumer Preferences for Annuity Attributes: Beyond Net Present Value
Authors: Shu Suzanne B. , Zeithammer Robert , Payne John W.
Published: July 2015

Decisions about life annuities are an important part of consumer decumulation of retirement assets, yet they are relatively underexplored by marketing researchers studying consumer financial decision making. In this article, the authors propose and estimate a model of individual preferences for life annuity attributes using a choice-based stated-preference survey. Annuities are presented in terms of consumer-relevant attributes such as monthly income, yearly adjustments, period certain guarantees, and company financial strength. The authors find that these attributes directly influence consumer preferences beyond their impact on the annuity's expected present value. The strength of the direct influence depends on how annuities are described: when annuities are represented only through basic attributes, consumers undervalue inflation protection, and preferences are not monotonically increasing in duration of period certain guarantees. When descriptions of annuities are enriched with cumulative payment information, consumers no longer undervalue inflation protection, but nonlinear preferences for period certain options remain. The authors find that among annuities with the same expected payout but different annual increases and period certain guarantees, the proportion of consumers who choose the annuity over self-management can vary by more than a factor of 2.
The Influence of Serotonin Deficiency on Choice Deferral and the Compromise Effect
Authors: Lichters Marcel , Brunnlieb Claudia , Nave Gideon , Sarstedt Marko , Vogt Bodo
Published: July 2015

Psychological and physiological states such as mood, hunger, stress, and sleep deprivation are known to affect decision-making processes and therefore crucially influence consumer behavior. A possible biological mechanism underlying the observed variability of consumer behavior is the context-sensitive variation in the levels of neuromodulators in the brain. In a series of four experimental studies, the authors pharmaceutically reduce the levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain to diminish the availability of subjects’ cognitive resources. In doing so, they study how serotonin brain levels influence (1) subjects’ tendency to avoid buying and (2) consumers' preference for product options positioned as a compromise in a given choice set rather than for more extreme alternatives (i.e., the compromise effect). Using realistic product choice scenarios in a binding decision framework, they find that a reduction of brain serotonin levels leads to choice deferral and decreases the compromise effect, both as a within-subjects and as a between-subjects choice phenomenon. As such, this study provides neurobiological evidence for the assumption that the compromise effect is the result of deliberate and demanding thought processes rather than intuitive decision making.
On the Significance of Formal Causes in Spinoza’s Metaphysics
Authors: Hübner Karolina
Published: July 2015

The paper argues for a formal-causal account of Spinoza’s metaphysics. Its basic claim is that neither relations of ideas alone nor efficient causality – especially if interpreted “mechanistically” – articulate the basic sense of the Spinozistic ‘cause’. Instead it is formal causality, as understood by Descartes and other 17
Hume über kausale Kräfte und Sätze
Authors: Sturm Holger
Published: July 2015

This paper takes a new approach to understanding Hume’s view on causality, taking ontological as well as semantic issues into account. It attempts to attain three different goals. In the first place, it dismisses the main arguments that were put forward by the New Humeans in order to show that Hume must be regarded as a sceptical realist with respect to causality. Secondly, by employing a genetic reading of Hume’s two definitions of causality, the paper argues for an interpretation of Hume that takes his empirical criterion of meaning as seriously as possible. And thirdly, it presents a proposal to analyse the meaning of causal sentences from a Humean perspective. According to this approach, the meaning of causal sentences divides into a descriptive and a projective component. By taking advantage of Hume’s general view on meaning, we can underpin the projectivist interpretation of Hume’s theory of causality with exegetical evidence.
Influence of Tapioca Starch on Thermal Properties of Wheat Flour-Based Batter and Quality of Fried Battered Chicken Wingsticks
Authors: Ketjarut Soraya , Pongsawatmanit Rungnaphar
Published: July 2015

The effect of tapioca starch (TS) on the pasting and thermal properties of wheat flour (WF)-based batter and on the quality of fried, battered chicken wingsticks was investigated. A dry mix (91.4% WF/TS flour blend (100/0, 75/25 and 50/50), 3.1% leavening agent and 5.5% salt) was mixed with water (1:1.3) for batter preparation. The peak viscosity of the diluted batters increased with increasing TS replacement whereas the peak time and viscosity after holding at 95°C for 4 min decreased. Substitution of TS in the WF-based batter decreased pickup but increased the onset and conclusion temperatures from differential scanning calorimetry. A lower oil content was observed in the pre-fried crusts containing TS which was expected from the gelatinization behaviour of the batters. The TS substitution enhanced both the lightness and crispness of the final fried crust and the liking scores of the fried, battered chicken wingsticks. The results suggest that TS substitution modified the gelatinization behaviour of the WF-based batters affecting the oil uptake and quality in the fried battered products.
Perceptions of Clinical Stress in Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Wallace Linda , Bourke Mary P. , Tormoehlen Lucy J. , Poe-Greskamp Marlene V.
Published: July 2015

The Nursing Students’ Clinical Stress Scale, a Likert-type survey by Whang (2002), translated from Korean into English, was used to identify perceptions of stress in baccalaureate nursing students. Data was collected from a convenience sample of baccalaureate nursing students at a Midwestern university. Students ranked their perceived stress level from clinical situations. One open-ended item asked students to describe their most stressful clinical experience. Rasch Model analysis/diagnostics were used to check the instrument for validity and reliability. Quantitative data were analyzed for descriptive statistics (means). Information from open-ended question was analyzed for themes. Qualitative themes were consistent with results from quantitative analysis and well-aligned with the literature. Students were stressed by incivility by healthcare staff and instructors, inconsistencies and time constraints. Research shows that stress can interfere with learning. It is imperative to determine causes of stress so educators can help decrease stress and improve student learning.
Numerical testing in determination of sound speed from a part of boundary by the BC-method
Authors: Belishev Mikhail I. , Ivanov Ivan B. , Kubyshkin Igor V. , Semenov Vladimir S.
Published: July 2015

We present the results of numerical testing on determination of
the sound speed c in the acoustic equation u

tt
- c
2Δu = 0 by the boundary control method. The inverse data is a
response operator (a hyperbolic Dirichlet-to-Neumann map) given on
controls, which are supported on a part of the boundary. The
speed is determined in the subdomain covered by acoustic rays,
which are emanated from the points of this part orthogonally to
the boundary. The determination is time-optimal: the longer
the observation time is, the larger the subdomain is, in which c
is recovered. The numerical results are preceded with a brief
exposition of the relevant variant of the BC-method.
Markers of bone metabolism, serum leptin levels and bone mineral density in preterm babies
Authors: Veselá Petra Kanioková , Kaniok Radek , Bayer Milan
Published: July 2015

The prospective study assessed the influence of serum leptin levels on markers of bone metabolism and bone mineral density in 2-year-old infants born preterm. A total of 57 randomized preterm Caucasian newborns (32nd–37th week of gestation) were included in the study. Bone metabolism markers were measured every 6 months. The infants were monitored prospectively up to the age of 2 years. When the infants turned 2 years of age, they were investigated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (lumbar spine). The median cord blood leptin levels was 3.07 μg/L. The median leptin level during check-ups before 2 years of age was 9.96 μg/L. The other laboratory markers were within the normal ranges for that age. The bone mineral density reached, on average, 0.410 g/cm
Madres en red. Del lavadero a la blogosfera
Authors: Piñeiro Otero Teresa
Published: July 2015

Reseña:MADRES EN RED. DEL LAVADERO A LA BLOGOSFERAMariona Visa / Cira CrespoClave Intelectual, Madrid. 2014
Propuesta de análisis del discurso antifederalista en su debate político y mediático con los federalistas
Authors: Villalonga Santovenia Edel
Published: July 2015

Durante el proceso de ratificación de la nueva Constitución de los Estados Unidos de América en 1788, los federalistas (representantes del 1% de la población estadounidense) lograron legitimar su discurso mediante la publicación de los artículos periodísticos federalistas, por lo tanto, la ideología de este grupo minoritario prevaleció en el proceso de aprobación formal de la nueva Carta Magna de ese país. Por otra parte, los antifederalistas (representantes del 99% de la población estadounidense) no tuvieron éxito en sus estrategias de legitimación ideológica con la publicación de los artículos periodísticos antifederalistas, en su interés de no ratificar la Constitución en la forma propuesta por los federalistas. El presente artículo analiza la importancia del análisis de discurso como disciplina en las investigaciones históricas de fuentes periodísticas y establece cuáles fueron las causas del fracaso de las estrategias de legitimación de la ideología en el discurso de los artículos periodísticos antifederalistas, mediante una metodología de análisis diseñada para este fin.
¿Afecta la forma de puntuación la estructura factorial del GHQ-12? Estudio exploratorio en estudiantes iberoamericanos
Authors: Urzúa Alfonso , Caqueo-Urízar Alejandra , Bargsted Mariana , Irarrázaval Matías
Published: July 2015

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si el sistema de puntuación del Cuestionario de Salud General (GHQ-12) puede alterar la estructura factorial del instrumento. El método utilizado consideró a 1.972 estudiantes universitarios, correspondientes a 9 países iberoamericanos. Se realizó un modelamiento con ecuaciones estructurales para 1, 2, y 3 factores latentes. Dentro de cada tipo de estructura se analizó el mecanismo de puntuación de las preguntas. Los resultados indican que los modelos de 2 y 3 factores presentan mejores indicadores de bondad de ajuste. En relación a los mecanismos de puntuación, el procedimiento 0-1-1-1 para los modelos de 2 y 3 factores presenta mejor ajuste. En conclusión, pareciera existir una relación entre el formato de respuesta y el número de factores identificados en la estructura del instrumento. El modelo que muestra mejor ajuste entre todos es el de 3 factores con formato 0-1-1-1, sin embargo, el formato 0-1-2-3 tiene indicadores aceptables y más estables, siendo un mejor formato para modelos bi y tridimensionales.
HIV-1 incidence among people seeking voluntary counseling and testing centers, including pregnant women, in Pernambuco State, Northeast Brazil
Authors: Lima Kledoaldo Oliveira de , Salustiano Daniela Medeiros , Cavalcanti Ana Maria Salustiano , Leal Élcio de Souza , Lacerda Heloísa Ramos
Published: July 2015

The HIV-1 epidemic in Brazil has displayed new characteristics over time, with an increase in heterosexual transmission and a decline in the male-to-female ratio in AIDS cases. HIV screening was offered to patients attending the Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center in Paulista, Greater Metropolitan Recife, Pernambuco State, in Northeast Brazil, to determine HIV-1 incidence. BED capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA) was used to measure HIV-1 incidence, comparing it to the AxSYM avidity index method (Ax-AI). From 2006 to 2009, 14,014 individuals were tested, and only 18 pregnant women were diagnosed with HIV infection, resulting in 0.15% annual incidence (95%CI: 0-0.33), significantly lower than in men (1.03; 95%CI: 0.45-1.61) and non-pregnant women (0.50; 95%CI: 0.11-0.89). Despite the low HIV-1 incidence in pregnant women, the high rate of recent infection detected during prenatal care emphasizes the need to increase measures to prevent vertical transmission.
Obstructive sleep apnea: acute effects of CPAP on polyssonographic variables
Authors: Beck Marco Colomé , Piccin Chaiane Facco , Oliveira Luiz Carlos Alves de , Scapini Fabrício , Coser Neto Reinaldo Fernando , Silva Antônio Marcos Vargas da
Published: July 2015

Introduction The use of non-invasive ventilation in the form of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is among the main therapeutic options for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Yet the effects of CPAP obtained on the first night of use are underreported. Objective To evaluate the acute effects of CPAP on polysomnographic variables in patients with OSA. Materials and methods This study is a case series with 31 patients (55.8 ± 11.4 years; 22 men) in the initial phase of CPAP treatment. The subjects were evaluated by means of polysomnography with and without CPAP (10.2 ± 3.1 cmH2O) and without CPAP, on different days, by means of the following variables: sleep stages 1, 2 and 3 (N1, N2 and N3), rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, apnea and hypopnea index (AHI), AHI in REM sleep (AHIREM) and the micro-arousal index (MAI). Results The use of CPAP resulted in a reduction of N2 (p < 0.001), AHI (p < 0.001), AHIREM (p < 0.001) and MAI (p = 0.001). There was an increase in N3 (p = 0.006) and REM sleep (p < 0.001) during the night with use of CPAP. Conclusion This study demonstrated that, from the first night of use by patients with OSA, CPAP promotes greater balance between sleep phases, and improves sleep quality. These results should be presented to patients and their families in order to encourage greater adherence in the initial phase of treatment with CPAP.
Elderly individuals with increased risk of falls show postural balance impairment
Authors: Oliveira Márcio Rogério de , Inokuti Thiago Tadashi , Bispo Nuno Noronha da Costa , Oliveira Deise Aparecida de Almeida Pires , Oliveira Rodrigo Franco de , Silva Jr. Rubens Alexandre da
Published: July 2015

Introduction Falls are a serious public health problem. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether elderly individuals with increased risk of falls have a postural balance deficit, evaluated using a force platform during a one-leg stance. Materials and methods The sample consisted of 94 physically independent elderly individuals from the EELO project. The instruments used were the Downton scale, in order to assess the risk as well as the history of falls, and the force platform to measure postural balance through parameters from the center of pressure (COP). Results Elderly individuals were split into two groups according to the score observed with the Downton scale: G1 — low fall risk (score ≤ 2) — and G2 — high fall risk (score > 2). No differences were observed between the groups concerning gender (P > 0.05, Chi Square test). On the other hand, individuals from G2 showed postural instability when compared to individuals from G1, and individuals from G2 showed higher values in all COP parameters analysed (Mann-Whitney test, P < 0.05). Conclusion It can be concluded that the Downton scale has sensitivity for identifying individuals with balance impairment as well as a risk of falls. Therefore, it may be suggested that this scale may be useful in primary health care for detecting falls in the elderly.
Histomorphometric alterations of muscle soleus provoked by drawn out immobilization: experimental study with wistar lineage rats
Authors: Oliveira Priscila Daniele de , Gomes Célia Regina de Godoy , Oliveira Rodrigo Franco de , Pires-Oliveira Deise A. de Almeida , Bertolini Sonia Maria Marques Gomes
Published: July 2015

Objective This study has as objective to analyze the effect of joint immobilization of the soleus muscle of posterior members of rats on morphometric profile view, at periods of 21 and 45 days. Materials and methods Ten male Rattus novergicus albinus, Wistar variety, were used, separated into two groups (group I and II), of 5 animals each, with the first group submitted to immobilization for 21 days and the second for 45 days. The experiment control was acquired from the right contralateral member of each animal. The immobilization of the left posterior member was done by adapted orthesis. The morphometric analysis of soleus was by non-serial cross sections, 8μm thick. Results From the obtained images, the muscle fibers areas were analyzed, including the form of the fibers, comparing with the control group. In both the periods of immobilization cross sections of staple fibres had reduction of the section area, front to the comparison to its respective member has controlled, with significant important (p < 0.0001), especially it enters the experimental groups of 21 and 45 days. Conclusion It can be concluded that immobilization to articulate of rats per 21 and 45 days modifies the section area more transversa of staple fibres of the sóleo muscle and deleterious effect of more significant the cellular components for drawn out periods.
Comparative study between manual therapy and TENS Burst in patients with tension-type cephalalgia
Authors: Fernandes Denise Vasconcelos , Viana Fhelício Sampaio , Cardoso Jefferson Paixão
Published: July 2015

Introduction Cephalgia or cephalalgia is one of the most common symptoms in the general population. Objective To compare the efficacy of physical therapy modalities, through manual therapy and the effect of Transcutaneous Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for tension-type cephalalgia. Materials and methods The study was compounded by 60 subjects, but only 40 of them completed it, due to the exclusion criteria. These were divided into control group and intervention group. The control group received treatment — manual therapy. The intervention group received TENS Burst. Patients underwent ten sessions of treatment, made at every two days on a week, lasting 30 minutes each session. Results The characteristics related to lifestyle, postural issues and range of motion are responsible for the main causes of tension-type cephalalgia. Discussion treatments showed effective results in all cases in relation to pain intensity, but the use of manual therapy techniques give the patient a better quality of life compared to the use of TENS. Final considerations The treatment of this condition deserves analysis and studies; however, there are only a few studying physical therapy techniques, especially regarding to the use of TENS.
Changes in muscle strength in elderly women after proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation based training
Authors: Silva Edivã Bernardo da , Pin Alessandro dos Santos , Silva Filho Manoel da
Published: July 2015

Introduction Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) can be used to improve the quality of life of both healthy and diseased subjects, including the elderly, who suffer muscular weakness due to aging, leading to an impairment in functional capacity. Objective Verify the effectiveness of PNF as a tool for functional conditioning. Materials and methods We evaluated a total of ten elderly women aged 60–70 years, clinically healthy and physically active. They had the force of motion of hip flexion with knee extension analyzed by an analog dynamometer. They were then randomly and equally divided into experimental (EG) and control group (CG). The GC was instructed to continue with their normal activities while the GE held 15 training sessions in the lower limb (LL) based on the diagonal D1 and D2. Finally, a new collection wrench the two groups was performed and the data compared. Results There was a significant increase in the average strength of GE, on the order of 31% (p < 0.01). The GC also had increased strength, but not significant (p > 0.05). Discussion : The results confirm that the FNP through initial work of readjustment and proprioceptive neuromuscular activation, and after that, conditioning of the muscle fibers (mainly resistive) is capable of amplifying the force developed by the muscle. Conclusion The PNF was effective as training to gain muscle strength, should be better analyzed as a tool fitness, not to cause health risks, have low cost and easy application.
Effectiveness of a physical activity program on indicators of health status of users of the Family Health Strategy
Authors: Rocha Janaina Vasconcelos , Rocha Saulo Vasconcelos , Rodrigues Wisla Keile Medeiros , Valença Neto Paulo Fonseca , Vasconcelos Lélia Renata Carneiro
Published: July 2015

Introduction The guided interventions in drug therapies contribute to the effectiveness of health promotion in the Family Health Strategy (FHS). Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of an action grounded in physical activity in heath state of users in the Unified Health System [Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS] of the Family Health Strategy of the Municipality of Iguaí (BA). Methodology Intervention study with an epidemiological approach, studies in the community, sample of 30 registered users on FHU aged ≥ 60 years old. Data collection was performed using an instrument that contained sociodemographic information, and evaluation of blood pressure and glucose levels, weight and height for later calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI). The physical activity program was conducted during the period of 10 months, with a frequency of 5 days/weeks. The activities were carried out in a city of FHU of Iguaí (BA). The data from this study were tabulated and analyzed using SPSS 15.0. Results After the intervention, there was a statistically significant reduction in levels in the blood pressure and glucose levels, and reduction in body mass index, indicating the importance of this intervention as a form of non-pharmacological treatment for hypertension and diabetes. Conclusion We observed the effectiveness of the intervention was possible to reduce risk factors, but it is necessary that the projects have sustainability, to continue with its development.
Fracture Resistance of Simulated Immature Teeth after Different Intra-radicular Treatments
Authors: Sivieri-Araujo Gustavo , Tanomaru-Filho Mario , Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane Maria , Bortoluzzi Eduardo Antunes , Jorge Érica Gouveia , Reis José Maurício dos Santos Nunes
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth after different intra-radicular treatments. Crowns and roots of bovine incisors were cut transversally and removed to simulate immature teeth. Root canal preparation and flaring were performed using a bur in crown-apex and apex-crown direction. The samples were distributed into 5 groups (n=10): Positive control (PoC) - no root canal flaring or filling; Negative control (NeC) - teeth were sectioned and their root canals were flared; Direct anatomical glass fiber post (RaP) - #2 Reforpost main glass fiber post relined with composite resin; Double tapered conical glass fiber posts (ExP) - #3 Exacto glass fiber post; and #2 Reforpost main glass fiber + Reforpin accessory glass fiber posts (RrP). In RaP, ExP and RrP, 4.0-mm apical plugs were done with MTA Angelus. The specimens were embedded in polystyrene resin inside cylinders and the periodontal ligament was simulated with a polyether-based impression material. The specimens were submitted to compressive fracture strength test (0.5 mm/min at 135° relative to the long axis of the tooth) in a servo-hydraulic mechanical testing machine MTS 810. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Dunnett's C or Tukey's tests (α=0.05). The control groups (PoC and NeC) showed lower fracture strength than the experimental groups. NeC presented the lowest resistance and ExP presented the highest resistance among the experimental groups. The flaring procedures produced a detrimental effect on the fracture resistance of the bovine teeth. Glass fiber intra-radicular posts increased significantly the fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth.
Stress and Anxiety in Children After the Use of Computerized Dental Anesthesia
Authors: Queiroz Alexandra M. , Carvalho Ariany B. , Censi Laís L. , Cardoso Carmen L. , Leite-Panissi Christie R. , Silva Raquel Assed Bezerra da , Carvalho Fabricio Kitazono de , Nelson-Filho Paulo , Silva Lea Assed Bezerra da
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the transitory stress levels and the anxiety state in children submitted to conventional and computerized dental anesthesia. Twenty children (7 to 12 years) were randomly assigned to receive conventional and computerized dental anesthesia. To investigate the hypothesis that transitory stress could be lower after using computerized anesthesia compared to conventional anesthesia, cortisol levels in saliva were measured before and after each technique. Anxiety was also evaluated individually by answering the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC). Numerical data were analyzed statistically by the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test (5% significance level). Salivary cortisol levels increased in 8 (40%) patients after conventional anesthesia and in 9 (45%) patients after computerized anesthesia, with no statistically significant difference between the two types (p=0.34). In the same way, no statistically significant difference was found between the techniques (p=0.39) related to the psychological analysis based on the STAIC scores. Local anesthesia using either conventional anesthesia or a computerized delivery system produced similar level of stress/anxiety in pediatric patients, using both quantitative and qualitative analyses.
Load-Application Devices: A Comparative Strain Gauge Analysis
Authors: Nishioka Renato Sussumu , Vasconcellos Luis Gustavo Oliveira de , Jóias Renata Pilli , Rode Sigmar de Mello
Published: July 2015

In view of the low loading values commonly employed in dentistry, a load-application device (LAD) was developed as option to the universal testing machine (UTM), using strain gauge analysis. The aim of this study was to develop a load-application device (LAD) and compare the LAD with the UTM apparatus under axial and non-axial loads. An external hexagonal implant was inserted into a polyurethane block and one EsthetiCone abutment was connected to the implant. A plastic prosthetic cylinder was screwed onto the abutment and a conical pattern crown was fabricated using acrylic resin. An impression was made and ten identical standard acrylic resin patterns were obtained from the crown impression, which were cast in nickel-chromium alloy (n=10). Four strain gauges were bonded diametrically around the implant. The specimens were subjected to central (C) and lateral (L) axial loads of 30 kgf, on both devices: G1: LAD/C; G2: LAD/L; G3: UTM/C; G4: UTM/L. The data (με) were statistically analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the UTM and LAD devices, regardless of the type of load. It was concluded that the LAD is a reliable alternative, which induces microstrains to implants similar to those obtained with the UTM.
Effect of Low Shrinkage Monomers on Physicochemical Properties of Dental Resin Composites
Authors: Oliveira Dayane Carvalho Ramos Salles de , Rovaris Karla , Hass Viviane , Souza-Júnior Eduardo José , Haiter-Neto Francisco , Sinhoreti Mario Alexandre Coelho
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low shrinkage monomers on physicochemical properties of dental resin composites. Two low shrinkage resin composites: one with a crosslink branching monomer (Kalore, GC Corp) and a novel monomer (Venus Diamond, Heraeus Kulzer) were compared to a conventional resin composite formulation (Filtek Z250, 3M/ESPE). The volumetric shrinkage was evaluated by µCT analysis (n=5) and the physicochemical properties by degree of C=C conversion (DC), flexural strength (FS) and Young's modulus (YM) (n=10). All samples were light cured by a LED device (Radii, SDI) with 16 J/cm2. The results were analysed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test for multiple comparisons (α=0.05). No statistical difference was found between µCT shrinkage values to Kalore (1.8%) and Venus Diamond (1.7%) (p≥0.05); Z250 presented statistical highest shrinkage value (2.0%). Kalore presented higher statistical DC (60.8%) than Venus Diamond (49.5%) and Z250 (49.6%). No statistical difference was found between FS or YM properties to Venus Diamond and Z250; Kalore presented statistical lowest FS and YM properties (p≥0.05). Conclusion: Using novel monomers seem to reduce polymerization shrinkage without affecting the physicochemical properties evaluated of resin composites rather than using crosslink branching monomers.