bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-world comparison of Docetaxel versus new hormonal agents in combination with androgen-deprivation therapy in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer descrying PSA Nadir ≤ 0.05 ng/ml as marker for treatment response
Authors: Kafka Mona , Burtscher Thomas , Fritz Josef , Schmitz Maximilian , Bektic Jasmin , Ladurner Michael , Horninger Wolfgang , Heidegger Isabel
Published: October 2022

Propose

Using Docetaxel chemotherapy or new hormonal agents (NHT) to intensify upfront systemic therapy resulted in improved survival rates compared to androgen deprivation monotherapy (ADT). Hence, combination therapies have become the new standard of care (SOC) in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). However, head-to-head trails comparing different therapies as well as treatment-guiding biomarkers are still lacking. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare clinical outcomes of Docetaxel versus NHT therapy in the real-world setting as well as to elaborate biomarkers predicting clinical outcome.

Methods

We retrospectively assessed overall-survival (OS), progression-free survival 1 and 2 (PFS1/2) and time to progression (TTP) in 42 patients treated by either ADT + NHT or ADT + Docetaxel. In addition, we investigated clinical prognostic biomarkers.

Results

Our survival analysis revealed 3-year OS of 89.4% in the NHT group compared to 82.4% in the Docetaxel group. 3-year PFS1 was 59.6% in the NHT group compared to 32.2% in the Docetaxel group and the TTP was 53.8% vs 32.2% (pOS = 0.189; pPFS1 = 0.082; pTTP = 0.055). In addition, castration-resistance occurred more often in the Docetaxel group (78.6% vs 25%, p = 0.004). Interestingly, a PSA-Nadir ≤ 0.05 ng/ml during therapy was associated with increased survival rates (p < 0.001) while PSA levels at primary diagnosis had no influence on therapy outcome. Furthermore, a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) increase during therapy was associated with improved clinical outcome (p = 0.06).

Conclusion

We observed a trend towards a higher benefit of NHT as first-line treatment compared to Docetaxel in men with mHSPC. Of note, a PSA-Nadir ≤ 0.05 ng/ml or a TSH-increase during therapy were predictors for therapy response.
Vorgehen bei Patienten mit Assurity®- und Endurity®-Schrittmachern
Authors: Israel Carsten W. , Sommer Philipp , Veltmann Christian , Steven Daniel
Published: October 2022

Bei einer Untergruppe von Schrittmachern der Modelle Assurity® und Endurity® (Fa. Abbott, Sylmar, Kalifornien, USA; weltweit ca. 83.000 Geräte) kann es bei der Herstellung zu einem Verarbeitungsfehler der Verbindung zwischen Konnektorblock („header“) und Metallgehäuse gekommen sein, wodurch Feuchtigkeit eindringen kann. Dies kann zu Verlust der Telemetriefähigkeit, Umstellen in den Back-up-Modus, verkürzter Batterielaufzeit oder im schlimmsten Fall zu einem Stimulationsverlust führen. Bis Juni 2022 wurden solche Ausfälle bei 128 Geräten weltweit (0,15 %) gemeldet, gesundheitliche Schäden durch einen Ausfall wurden bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt nicht gemeldet.

Der Nucleus der AGEP empfiehlt hierzu folgendes Vorgehen: 1. Patienten, bei denen ein betroffenes Gerät implantiert wurde, sollten informiert werden. 2. Die Risiken für den Patienten im Fall eines Ausfalls des Schrittmachers sollten abgeschätzt werden und die Patienten in „vermutlich schrittmacherabhängig“ (z. B. Indikation: permanenter AV-Block, bei letzter Kontrolle kein Eigenrhythmus, Anteil ventrikulärer Stimulation im Speicher > 90 %), „unklar“ und „vermutlich nicht schrittmacherabhängig“ (z. B. Indikation: Sick-Sinus-Syndrom, bei letzter Kontrolle Eigenrhythmus > 50/min, Anteil ventrikulärer Stimulation im Speicher < 1 %) kategorisiert werden. 3. Bei vermutlich nicht schrittmacherabhängigen Patienten genügt eine Information zusammen mit unveränderter Nachsorge, ggf. können die Nachkontroll-Intervalle auf z. B. 3 Monate verkürzt und/oder eine Fernnachsorge initiiert werden. 4. Bei Patienten mit unklarem Risiko im Fall eines Schrittmacherausfalls sollten zumindest die Nachkontroll-Intervalle auf z. B. 3 Monate verkürzt und/oder ein Fernnachsorge initiiert werden und individuell Nutzen und Risiken eines Geräteaustauschs abgewogen werden. 5. Bei vermutlich schrittmacherabhängigen Patienten wird ein Geräteaustausch empfohlen.
What is the probability of unexpected eruptions from potentially active volcanoes or regions?
Authors: Burgos Vanesa , Jenkins Susanna F. , Bebbington Mark , Newhall Chris , Taisne Benoit
Published: October 2022

Since the start of the twentieth century, 101 potentially active volcanoes have produced their first Holocene eruption, as recorded in the volcanoes of the world (VOTW) database. The reactivation of potentially active volcanoes is often a surprise, since they tend to be less well-studied and unmonitored. The first step towards preparing for these unexpected eruptions is to establish how often potentially active volcanoes have erupted in the past. Here, we use our previously developed FRESH (First Recorded EruptionS in the Holocene) database to estimate the past regional Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) of these unexpected events. Within the most complete portions of the FRESH database, a FRESH (i.e., the first recorded eruption from a potentially active volcano) has occurred as frequently as every ~ 7 years in the Pacific Ocean region (~ 50 years of relatively complete record) and ~ 8 years in Izu, Volcano, and the Mariana Islands region (~ 150 years of relatively complete record). We use the regional frequency to estimate the annual probability of a FRESH at individual potentially active volcanoes in selected regions of Asia–Pacific, which ranged from 0.003 for Izu, Volcano, and Mariana Islands to 1.35 × 10−5 for Luzon. Population exposure around potentially active volcanoes showed that at volcanoes such as Kendeng (Indonesia) and Laguna Caldera (Philippines), more than 30 million people reside within 100 km of the summit. With this work, we hope to establish how often potentially active volcanoes erupt, while identifying which regions and which potentially active volcanoes may require more attention.
PQ-Type Adjacency Polytopes of Join Graphs
Authors: Ohsugi Hidefumi , Tsuchiya Akiyoshi
Published: October 2022

PQ-type adjacency polytopes $$\nabla ^PQ _G$$

∇
P

Q
G

are lattice polytopes arising from finite graphs G. There is a connection between $$\nabla ^PQ _G$$

∇
P

Q
G

and the engineering problem known as power-flow study, which models the balance of electric power on a network of power generation. In particular, the normalized volume of $$\nabla ^PQ _G$$

∇
P

Q
G

plays a central role. In the present paper, we focus on the case where G is a join graph. In particular, formulas of the $$h^*$$

h
∗

-polynomial and the normalized volume of $$\nabla ^PQ _G$$

∇
P

Q
G

of a join graph G are presented. Moreover, we give explicit formulas of the $$h^*$$

h
∗

-polynomial and the normalized volume of $$\nabla ^PQ _G$$

∇
P

Q
G

when G is a complete multipartite graph or a wheel graph.
Overestimation of the effect of (fos)aprepitant on intravenous dexamethasone pharmacokinetics requires adaptation of the guidelines for children with chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
Authors: Nijstad A. Laura , de Vos-Kerkhof Evelien , Enters-Weijnen Catherine F. , van de Wetering Marianne D. , Tissing Wim J. E. , Tibben Matthijs M. , Rosing Hilde , Lalmohamed Arief , Huitema Alwin D. R. , Zwaan C. Michel
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are common side effects in pediatric oncology treatment. Besides 5-HT3-antagonists, both dexamethasone and aprepitant are cornerstone drugs in controlling these side effects. Based on results of adult studies, the dexamethasone dose is reduced by 50% when combined with aprepitant, because of a drug-drug interaction, even though data on the interaction in children is lacking. The current study was developed to investigate the effect of aprepitant on dexamethasone clearance (CL) in children, in order to assess if dexamethasone dose reduction for concomitant use of aprepitant is appropriate in the current antiemetic regimen.

Methods

In total, 65 children (0.6–17.9 years), receiving intravenous or oral antiemetic therapy (dexamethasone ± aprepitant) as standard of care, were included. 305 dexamethasone plasma concentrations were determined using LC–MS/MS. An integrated dexamethasone and aprepitant pharmacokinetic model was developed using non-linear mixed effects modelling in order to investigate the effect of aprepitant administration on dexamethasone CL.

Results

In this population, dexamethasone CL in patients with concomitant administration of aprepitant was reduced by approximately 30% of the uninhibited CL (23.3 L/h (95% confidence interval 20.4–26.0)). This result is not consistent with the results of adult studies (50% reduction). This difference was not age dependent, but might be related to the route of administration of dexamethasone. Future studies are needed to assess the difference in oral/intravenous dexamethasone.

Conclusion

When dexamethasone is given intravenously as a component of triple therapy to prevent CINV in children, we advise to reduce the dexamethasone dose by 30% instead of 50%.
Addendum to: Editorial note to: Erwin Schrödinger, Dirac electron in the gravitational field I
Authors: Gibbons Gary W. , Kay Bernard S.
Published: October 2022

An editorial note by one of us in this journal in 2020, argued in favour of the name Schrödinger–Lichnerowicz formula for the formula, $$g^{\mu \nu }\nabla _\mu \nabla _\nu +m^2 + R/4$$

g

μ
ν

∇
μ

∇
ν

+

m
2

+
R
/
4

, for the ‘square’ of the Dirac operator in curved spacetime since it had been obtained by Schrödinger in 1932 and rediscovered by Lichnerowicz in 1962. However, unfortunately, it overlooked the rediscovery of the formula by Asher Peres in 1963. We briefly recall the context of each of these discoveries and reflect on the naming of mathematical formulae in general and of this formula in particular.
Effects of changes in veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation blood flow on the measurement of intrathoracic blood volume and extravascular lung water index: a prospective interventional study
Authors: Conrad Alice Marguerite , Loosen Gregor , Boesing Christoph , Thiel Manfred , Luecke Thomas , Rocco Patricia R. M. , Pelosi Paolo , Krebs Joerg
Published: October 2022

In severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy to possibly reduce mortality. Transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) enables monitoring of the extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) and cardiac preload parameters such as intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI) in patients with ARDS, but it is not generally recommended during V-V ECMO. We hypothesized that the amount of extracorporeal blood flow (ECBF) influences the calculation of EVLWI and ITBVI due to recirculation of indicator, which affects the measurement of the mean transit time (MTt), the time between injection and passing of half the indicator, as well as downslope time (DSt), the exponential washout of the indicator. EVLWI and ITBVI were measured in 20 patients with severe ARDS managed with V-V ECMO at ECBF rates from 6 to 4 and 2 l/min with TPTD. MTt and DSt significantly decreased when ECBF was reduced, resulting in a decreased EVLWI (26.1 [22.8–33.8] ml/kg at 6 l/min ECBF vs 22.4 [15.3–31.6] ml/kg at 4 l/min ECBF, p < 0.001; and 13.2 [11.8–18.8] ml/kg at 2 l/min ECBF, p < 0.001) and increased ITBVI (840 [753–1062] ml/m2 at 6 l/min ECBF vs 886 [658–979] ml/m2 at 4 l/min ECBF, p < 0.001; and 955 [817–1140] ml/m2 at 2 l/min ECBF, p < 0.001). In patients with severe ARDS managed with V-V ECMO, increasing ECBF alters the thermodilution curve, resulting in unreliable measurements of EVLWI and ITBVI. German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00021050). Registered 14/08/2018. https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00021050
A long-term obesogenic high-fat diet in mice partially dampens the anti-frailty benefits of late-life intermittent fasting
Authors: Henderson Yoko O. , Bithi Nazmin , Yang Jie , Link Christopher , Zhang Aili , Baron Benjamin , Maina Eran , Hine Christopher
Published: October 2022

The global obesity pandemic coupled with ever-growing life expectancies equates to hundreds of millions of individuals with potentially longer but not healthier lives. Aging is one of the risk factors for numerous maladies such as metabolic disorder and frailty, which are exacerbated under obesity. Thus, therapeutic approaches that address obesity to ultimately improve affected individuals’ quality of life and extend their lifespan are needed. We previously reported that the every other day (EOD) fasting initiated late-life improved metabolic, musculoskeletal, and cognitive endpoints in standard rodent diet-fed mice. In the present study, using the same dietary intervention methodology, we tested if 2.5 months of EOD fasting could improve metabolic, physiological, and cognitive endpoints in mice after an 18 month obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD). The positive effects of EOD fasting were generally consistent across the endpoints; EOD fasting decreased total body mass, maintained more %lean mass, improved glucose tolerance and utilization, and improved neuromuscular function. In contrast to our previous study, grip strength, hippocampal-dependent memory, and renal hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production were not improved by the HFD EOD fasting. Thus, efficacy for late-life initiated intermittent fasting to improve specific frailty markers may be partially dependent on nutritional compositions of the diet.
Promising WC-30WB-10Co Cemented Carbide Coating with Improved Density and Hardness Deposited by High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Spraying: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Liu Baogang , Xiao Fen , Zhu Haifan , Tang Min
Published: October 2022

WC-Co coatings sprayed by HVOF attracted much attentions, benefiting from the satisfactory wear resistance and high bonding strength to the steel substrates. Nevertheless, high density of conventional coatings required excessive Co binder, which decreased the hardness and operation life. Based on this, a strengthened WC-30WB-10Co coating was developed with both high density and improved hardness, using high-qualified thermal sprayed composite powders. Comparison between the phase composition, microstructure, interfacial bonding strength and properties of the newly developed coatings and WC-12Co conventional coatings was clarified in detail. Compared to WC-12Co powders, spherical WC-30WB-10Co powders showed higher apparent density and flowability, due to the in situ formed CoWB and CoW2B2 phases during the accelerated metallurgy reaction. Oxidation and decarburization were confirmed during HVOF spraying with the formation of W2C, Co3W3C and Co6W6C phases in both coatings. Attracting WC-30WB-10Co coating with microhardness of 1639HV0.3 and relative density of 99.44% was achieved, higher than those of 1222 HV0.3 and 99.27% of WC-12Co. This was attributed to the formation of the ternary compounds and the consumption of the ductile Co binder in the WC-30WB-10Co coatings. The hard alloy coatings are expected to be well applied in aggressive wear and corrosion environments due to the high hardness and low metal phase content.
A retrospective review of a large series of groin hernia patients operated with robotically assisted laparoscopic technique (R-TAPP)
Authors: Bondi Johan , Botnen Hans Gunnar , Baekkelund Oliver , Groven Sigrid
Published: October 2022

We have reviewed the patient outcome and the feasibility of robotically assisted inguinal hernia repair (R-TAPP) from the first 4-years period after its introduction in our department in a Scandinavian Public Health hospital. A total of 226 hernia repairs were performed in 195 patients (31 bilateral hernias). 160 patients had primary hernias, whereas 35 had recurrent hernias. Of the recurrent hernias, three had recurred twice. The majority of the hernias were in the right groin (53.3%) and the lateral location was the most common (65.0%). The hernia was scrotal in 29 cases. The mean operation time was significantly reduced throughout the observation period for our cohort, i.e. from 81 to 57 min (p < 0.001). The operation time was 27 min faster (mean value) in unilateral vs bilateral hernias and 19 min faster (mean value) in primary vs residual hernias. There were no statistically significant differences in operation time between lateral and medial hernias, and no differences in operation time between the obese and normal-weight cases. We experienced four severe per-operative complications (4/226; 1.8%): two cases of abdominal wall bleeding subsequently undergoing intravascular coiling, one perforation of the urinary bladder and one perforation of small bowel that were both closed by direct suture intraoperatively. There were no conversions to laparoscopy or open procedure. One hernia recurred during the observation period. Our findings suggest that the R-TAPP procedure in a Scandinavian Public Health hospital’s surgical department is both safe and feasible.
Activated Carbon from Sugarcane Bagasse Pyrolysis for Heavy Metals Adsorption
Authors: Kakom S. M. , Abdelmonem N. M. , Ismail I. M. , Refaat A. A.
Published: October 2022

Sugarcane bagasse is an agro-industrial waste available in enormous quantities in Egypt. It is rich of organic carbon which makes it a potential feedstock for activated carbon production. This study provides an optimized pyrolysis method for activated carbon production from Sugarcane bagasse. Sugarcane bagasse samples impregnated with sulfuric acid, for 24 h, and carbonized at 500 °C, for two hours, yielded the best activated carbon with a surface area of 431.375 m2/g. The best impregnation ratio was 2.5:1 (sulfuric acid/bagasse). The prepared activated carbon was used for adsorbing heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Mn, Cu, Cr) from Nile Tilapia reused frying oil. It could adsorb 80% of the heavy metals and particularly removed the Cd. The characteristics of the prepared activated carbon are comparable to those recommended for the commercial activated carbon. The production cost of the activated carbon using this method is about 707 $ which is cheaper than the commercial activated carbon by about 40%.
Taxonomic assessment of deep-sea decapod crustaceans collected from polymetallic nodule fields of the East Pacific Ocean using an integrative approach
Authors: Christodoulou Magdalini , De Grave Sammy , Vink Αnnemiek , Martinez Arbizu Pedro
Published: October 2022

Deep-sea decapod crustaceans (Crustacea: Decapoda) collected during nine research cruises to the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) in the NE Pacific Ocean and the Peru Basin in the SE Pacific Ocean were studied comprehensively using an integrative taxonomic approach. The abyssal seafloors of both areas are rich in economically interesting polymetallic nodules. All specimens were morphologically identified and genetically analysed using a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). Eight species were collected, comprising three anomurans, three carideans, one dendrobranchiate, and one brachyuran, from water depths ranging between 4089 and 4511 m. COI sequences for representatives of the generaParapagurusSmith, 1879,EthusinaSI Smith, 1884, andBathystylodactylusHanamura & Takeda, 1996 are provided for the first time. The molecular barcodes of the species provided herein will be valuable for the full taxonomic assignment of sequences produced in future metabarcoding and eDNA monitoring work. The new records extend the geographical distributional ranges or fill geographical gaps of the species reported, although none of the species is endemic to polymetallic nodule areas. This study is part of a taxonomic series aiming to describe the biodiversity of areas targeted for future deep-sea mining.
Acute effects of long-lasting stretching and strength training on maximal strength and flexibility in the calf muscle
Authors: Warneke Konstantin , Wohlann Tim , Lohmann Lars H. , Wirth Klaus , Schiemann Stephan
Published: October 2022

The so-called “stretch-induced force deficit” is known from a large amount of research. There are many theories trying to explain the stretch-induced force deficit and increases in the range of motion (ROM) which all offer a stretch training-specific explanation. However, when performing a commonly used strength training session, a reduced maximum strength (MSt) capacity can be assumed as well. Based on this, the aim of the study is to investigate the tension-induced force deficit due to a suprathreshold strength or stretching training stimulus. Therefore, 71 participants (age: 24.1 ± 4.2 years, height: 176.3 ± 5.7 cm, weight: 74.1 ± 7.5 kg) were divided into three groups: static stretching group (SST), strength training group (STR), and control group (CG). To investigate possible mechanical tension-induced force deficits, SST performed a long-lasting static stretching intervention for 1 h using an orthosis, while STR executed a common strength training intervention (5 × 12 repetition) for the plantar flexors. The results show a significant reduction of measured MSt as well as increased ROM for both SST and STR following the interventions. Consequently, we found similar acute effects of stretching and strength training regarding MSt and flexibility. We conclude that the decreased MSt capacities can possibly be attributed to mechanical tension-induced damage of the muscle that is not linked to a specific training method. The improvements in flexibility found in both intervention groups might be attributed to warm up effects when inducing high mechanical tension to large ankle joint angles.
Bio-based hybrid cabin door of ultralight helicopter with variable-axis fiber design
Authors: Svidler Rostislav , Rinberg R.
Published: October 2022

This paper presents the development of an integrated technology concept for the production of semi-structural fiber composite aerospace components with a bio-based hybrid laminate structure. In this context, the high lightweight potential of a variable-axial hybrid fiber-reinforced laminates compared to a multiaxial laminate design is of particular importance. As a demonstrator, a double-shell cabin door based on the cabin door of the ultra-light helicopter CoAx 2D of EDM Aerotec GmbH was redesigned in hybrid bio-based mixed composite construction using selected finite-element method (FEM) simulation and optimization tools, manufactured and characterized. The obtained results illustrate that compared to the reference carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) component, the developed bio-based hybrid composite with local tailored fiber placement (TFP) reinforcement has a 30% biomass content, exhibits comparable mechanical properties and significantly contributes to increase energy and resource efficiency significantly.
Outpatient inguinal hernia repair in Spain: a population-based study of 1,163,039 patients—clinical and socioeconomic factors associated with the choice of day surgery
Authors: Guillaumes Salvador , Hidalgo Nils Jimmy , Bachero Irene , Juvany Montserrat
Published: October 2022

Reducing inpatient admissions and health care costs is a central aspiration of worldwide health systems. This study aimed to evaluate trends in outpatient surgery in inguinal hernia repair (IHR) and factors related to the outpatient setting in Spain. A retrospective cohort study (Record-Strobe compliant) of 1,163,039 patients who underwent IHR from January 2004 to December 2019 was conducted. Data were extracted from the public clinical administrative database CMBD (“Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos”). The primary outcome was the outpatient surgery rate. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to identify clinical and socioeconomic factors related to the outpatient setting. The overall proportion of outpatient repairs was 30.7% in 2004 and 54.2% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Treatment in a public hospital was the most remarkable factor associated with the likelihood of receiving an outpatient procedure (OR 3.408; p < 0.001). There were also significant differences favouring outpatient procedures for patients with public insurance (OR 2.351; p < 0.001), unilateral hernia (OR 2.903; p < 0.001), primary hernia (OR 1.937; p < 0.0005), age < 65 years (OR 1.747; p < 0.001) and open surgery (OR 1.610; p < 0.001). Only 9% of patients who pay for their intervention privately or 15% of those covered by private insurance were treated as outpatients. Spain has significantly increased the rate of outpatient IHR over the last 16 years. However, the figures obtained still leave a significant margin for improvement. Important questions about the acceptance of outpatient settings remain to be answered.

Graphical Abstract

Outpatient inguinal hernia repair in Spain. A population-based study of 1,163,039 patients: clinical and socioeconomic factors associated with the choice of day surgery.
Versorgung und Versorgungskonzepte in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie
Authors: Thun-Hohenstein Leonhard
Published: October 2022

Hintergrund

Die Situation der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrischen Versorgung hat sich seit 2007, seit der Schaffung des Sonderfaches KJP+P, sukzessive verbessert. Die Arbeitsgruppe Versorgung der ÖGKJP gibt in diesem Heft einen Überblick über die KJP-Versorgungssituation in Österreich. In dieser Einführung geht es um die Darstellung der rechtlichen Vorgaben und deren Umsetzung. Es bestehen nach wie vor massive Defizite der KJP-Versorgung.

Im Österreichischen Strukturplan Gesundheit (ÖSG) ist das momentan gültige Versorgungskonzept festgeschrieben und umfasst die ambulante, teilstationäre und stationäre Versorgung. Für die ambulante und stationäre Versorgung existieren Messzahlen, für die teilstationäre Versorgung nicht.

Das Fachgebiet KJP hat verschiedene Besonderheiten: die Multimodalität, die Multiprofessionalität, die Altersgruppen der Betroffenen, pro Alter unterschiedliche und unterschiedlich ausgeprägte Erkrankungen, die Beschränkung auf eine bestimmte Altersgruppe (< 19 Jahre) und – das verbindet es mit dem Fach Psychiatrie – eine hohe Prävalenz der Erkrankungen sowie die Integration der Psychotherapeutischen Medizin in den Facharzt.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die aus diesen Besonderheiten sich ergebenden Konsequenzen – altersdifferenzierte Angebote, fachübergreifende Kooperation etc. – haben bisher keinen Eingang in die strukturellen und finanziellen Berechnungen gefunden. Anhand der den Begriff Versorgung beschreibenden Begriffe: „care“, „provision“ und „supply“ wird ein Modell vorgestellt, das bei der Planung von Gesundheitsmaßnahmen in diesem Bereich als Denkansatz herangezogen werden könnte. Da psychisch kranke Kinder und Jugendliche sich in allen Teilen der Gesellschaft finden, wird die Einrichtung einer zentral verantwortlichen und ressortübergreifenden Stelle für Mental Health gefordert.
Gambling in Sub-Saharan Africa: Traditional Forms and Emerging Technologies
Authors: Bitanihirwe Byron K. Y. , Adebisi Tunde , Bunn Christopher , Ssewanyana Derrick , Darby Paul , Kitchin Paul
Published: October 2022

Purpose of Review

The gambling industry in Africa has seen substantial growth and evolution over recent years with a growing body of literature describing these shifts. Here, we provide a narrative synthesis of the extant literature on the origins, trends and consequences of the expansion and intensification of the commercial gambling industry in sub-Saharan Africa with a reference for future research on gambling as a growing public health concern.

Recent Findings

The historical shift and permeation of gambling in sub-Saharan Africa is diverse with evidence of certain countries following a neo-colonial logic. Advances in technology have made gambling more accessible and created new markets in Africa. A key motive driving gambling on the continent is a lack of stable employment. While the intensification and growth of Africa’s gambling industry has brought economic benefits to some African investors and individuals, this has been accompanied by a range of gambling harms. Legislation and policies designed to better regulate the gambling industry and redress these harms are needed. In this context, a small number of services and campaigns designed to mitigate gambling harms demonstrate promise, but more research is needed in this area.

The gambling industry in sub-Saharan Africa has undergone a dramatic transformation. While it is true that the growth of the African gambling industry has provided an additional revenue stream to governments, it is also necessary to acknowledge the concurrent rise in gambling addiction and the health-related and social harms that it elicits. As such, designing effective regulatory measures and policy interventions that can reduce the public health burden of gambling harms is vital. However, these interventions need to take in to account the significance of cultural differences that exist among countries on the continent.
Role of vitamin D supplementation in the management of musculoskeletal diseases: update from an European Society of Clinical and Economical Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) working group
Authors: Chevalley Thierry , Brandi Maria Luisa , Cashman Kevin D. , Cavalier Etienne , Harvey Nicholas C. , Maggi Stefania , Cooper Cyrus , Al-Daghri Nasser , Bock Oliver , Bruyère Olivier , Rosa Mario Miguel , Cortet Bernard , Cruz-Jentoft Alfonso J. , Cherubini Antonio , Dawson-Hughes Bess , Fielding Roger , Fuggle Nicholas , Halbout Philippe , Kanis John A. , Kaufman Jean-Marc , Lamy Olivier , Laslop Andrea , Yerro Maria Concepción Prieto , Radermecker Régis , Thiyagarajan Jotheeswaran Amuthavalli , Thomas Thierry , Veronese Nicola , de Wit Marten , Reginster Jean-Yves , Rizzoli René
Published: October 2022

Vitamin D is a key component for optimal growth and for calcium–phosphate homeostasis. Skin photosynthesis is the main source of vitamin D. Limited sun exposure and insufficient dietary vitamin D supply justify vitamin D supplementation in certain age groups. In older adults, recommended doses for vitamin D supplementation vary between 200 and 2000 IU/day, to achieve a goal of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (calcifediol) of at least 50 nmol/L. The target level depends on the population being supplemented, the assessed system, and the outcome. Several recent large randomized trials with oral vitamin D regimens varying between 2000 and 100,000 IU/month and mostly conducted in vitamin D-replete and healthy individuals have failed to detect any efficacy of these approaches for the prevention of fracture and falls. Considering the well-recognized major musculoskeletal disorders associated with severe vitamin D deficiency and taking into account a possible biphasic effects of vitamin D on fracture and fall risks, an European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) working group convened, carefully reviewed, and analyzed the meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials on the effects of vitamin D on fracture risk, falls or osteoarthritis, and came to the conclusion that 1000 IU daily should be recommended in patients at increased risk of vitamin D deficiency. The group also addressed the identification of patients possibly benefitting from a vitamin D loading dose to achieve early 25-hydroxyvitamin D therapeutic level or from calcifediol administration.
Derivatives of L-series of weakly holomorphic cusp forms
Authors: Diamantis Nikolaos , Strömberg Fredrik
Published: October 2022

Based on the theory ofL-series associated with weakly holomorphic modular forms in Diamantis et al. (L-series of harmonic Maass forms and a summation formula for harmonic lifts.arXiv:2107.12366), we derive explicit formulas for central values of derivatives ofL-series as integrals with limits inside the upper half-plane. This has computational advantages, already in the case of classical holomorphic cusp forms and, in the last section, we discuss computational aspects and explicit examples.
Iodine Promoted Ultralow Zn Nucleation Overpotential and Zn-Rich Cathode for Low-Cost, Fast-Production and High-Energy Density Anode-Free Zn-Iodine Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yixiang , Wang Lequan , Li Qingyun , Hu Bo , Kang Junming , Meng Yuhuan , Zhao Zedong , Lu Hongbin
Published: October 2022

The anode-free design is a promising strategy to increase the energy density of aqueous Zn metal batteries (AZMBs). However, the scarcity of Zn-rich cathodes and the rapid loss of limited Zn greatly hinder their commercial applications. To address these issues, a novel anode-free Zn-iodine battery (AFZIB) was designed via a simple, low-cost and scalable approach. Iodine plays bifunctional roles in improving the AFZIB overall performance: enabling high-performance Zn-rich cathode and modulating Zn deposition behavior. On the cathode side, the ZnI2 serves as Zn-rich cathode material. The graphene/polyvinyl pyrrolidone heterostructure was employed as an efficient host for ZnI2 to enhance electron conductivity and suppress the shuttle effect of iodine species. On the anode side, trace I3− additive in the electrolyte creates surface reconstruction on the commercial Cu foil. The in situ formed zincophilic Cu nanocluster allows ultralow-overpotential and uniform Zn deposition and superior reversibility (average coulombic efficiency > 99.91% over 7,000 cycles). Based on such a configuration, AFZIB exhibits significantly increased energy density (162 Wh kg−1) and durable cycle stability (63.8% capacity retention after 200 cycles) under practical application conditions. Considering the low cost and simple preparation methods of the electrode materials, this work paves the way for the practical application of AZMBs.
From quantitative SBML models to Boolean networks
Authors: Vaginay Athénaïs , Boukhobza Taha , Smaïl-Tabbone Malika
Published: October 2022

Modelling complex biological systems is necessary for their study and understanding. Biomodels is a repository of peer-reviewed models represented in the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML). Most of these models are quantitative, but in some cases, qualitative models—such as Boolean networks (BNs)—are better suited. This paper focuses on the automatic transformation of quantitative SBML models to Boolean networks. We propose SBML2BN, a pipeline dedicated to this task. Our approach takes advantage of several SBML elements (reactions, rules, events) as well as a numerical simulation of the concentration of the species over time to constrain both the structure and the dynamics of the Boolean networks to synthesise. Finding all the BNs complying with the given structure and dynamics was formalised as an optimisation problem solved in the answer-set programming framework. We run SBML2BN on more than 200 quantitative SBML models, and we provide evidence that one can automatically construct Boolean networks which are compatible with the structure and the dynamics of an SBML model. In case the SBML model includes rules or events, we also show how the evaluation criteria are impacted when taking these elements into account.
Strategies to Address Gendered Racism in Science Research Careers: a Scoping Review
Authors: Salmon Udeni
Published: October 2022

The prevalence of gendered racism has resulted in the ongoing under-representation of women of color in science careers. Furthermore, organizational strategies enacted through HR policy and training claim to address such inequality, yet often fail to address the impact of both race and gender. As a result, women of color develop their own individual coping and resistance strategies, thus putting the onus for countering gendered racism onto its victims. This paper offers a scoping review of the extant literature, using Floya Anthias’ intersectional model of social spaces to identify gaps in the literature. The model organizes the literature into Anthias’ four social spaces: organizational, interpersonal, representational, and experiential. In identifying gaps in the literature, the study highlights theoretical pathways for future research. The study finds that strategies relating to gendered racism within organizational policy are over-represented, while strategies addressing intersubjective behaviors and the representation of women of color in organizations are under-represented.
Demographic and social anxieties: the second demographic transition in Asia
Authors: Gietel-Basten Stuart
Published: October 2022

Asia is now, predominantly, a continent of ‘low’ fertility—one of the features of the Second Demographic Transition. Across the continent, this feature of our population has sprouted concern and anxiety, primarily expressed in macroeconomic terms. Low fertility is directly linked to the twin challenges of population aging and stagnation/decline. We know, however, that maximizing human capital and institutional reform is a much more effective way of responding to these two ‘grand challenges’ in the short- and medium-term. Why, then, is there such a panic about the lack of babies? In this commentary, I argue that much of the concern is grounded in a ‘fear’ of some of the features of the Second Demographic Transition (SDT)—or, at least, a caricatured version of it—taking root in Asian societies. But how concerned should they be? The papers in this special issue clearly demonstrate that the pathway towards ‘full SDT’ has developed in a very uneven way, perhaps so much so that some may argue the SDT is not a viable tool for understanding family change in (much of) Asia. However, this caricature of what the SDT ‘is’ can be unhelpful. There is no doubt that ideals and attitudes are changing (even if many others are not). Therefore, if we rather consider the SDT as a “general narrative that leaves room for many sub-narratives”, the evidence from Asia clearly demonstrates that there are many sub-narratives operating within a general transition towards some of the key societal and familial features of the SDT.
A high prevalence of Cutibacterium acnes infections in scoliosis revision surgery, a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma
Authors: Gelderman Stefan J. , Faber Christhoper , Kampinga Greetje A. , Jutte Paul C. , Ploegmakers Joris J. W. , Glaudemans Andor W. J. M. , Wouthuyzen-Bakker Marjan
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To investigate if serum inflammatory markers or nuclear imaging can accurately diagnose a chronic spinal instrumentation infection (SII) prior to surgery.

Methods

All patients who underwent revision of spinal instrumentation after a scoliosis correction between 2017 and 2019, were retrospectively evaluated. The diagnostic accuracy of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (FDG–PET/CT) and Technetium-99m-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) 3-phase bone scintigraphy (TPBS) to diagnose infection were studied. Patients with an acute infection or inadequate culture sampling were excluded. SII was diagnosed if ≥ 2 of the same microorganism(s) were isolated from intra-operative tissue cultures.

Results

30 patients were included. The indication for revision surgery was pseudoarthrosis in the majority of patients (n = 15). 22 patients (73%) were diagnosed with SII. In all infected cases, Cutibacterium acnes was isolated, including 5 cases with a polymicrobial infection. The majority of patients had low inflammatory parameters preoperatively. For CRP > 10.0 mg/L, the sensitivity was 9.1% and specificity 100%; for ESR > 30 mm/h, the sensitivity was 9.1% and specificity 100%. The diagnostic accuracy for nuclear imaging was 64% for the FDG–PET/CT and 67% for the TPBS to diagnose infection.

Conclusions

The prevalence of SII in patients undergoing revision spinal surgery is high, with Cutibacterium acnes as the main pathogen. No diagnostic tests could be identified that could accurately diagnose or exclude SII prior to surgery. Future studies should aim to find more sensitive diagnostic modalities to detect low-grade inflammation.
Extended family migration decisions: evidence from Nepal
Authors: Monteiro Stein
Published: October 2022

Extended families are a common feature of developing country households and have a large influence on individual family members’ decision to migrate. This paper generalizes the Mincer (J Polit Econ 86(5):749–773, https://doi.org/10.1086/260710, 1978) model of husband-wife migration by including decision makers from the extended family. The model with extended families predicts that migration decisions may become freer than in the husband-wife model because spouses are not more likely to be tied to their partners than members of the extended family. That is, marital status is a smaller deterrent to migration in extended family settings relative to nuclear families. Using data from 2011 and 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys, I show that husbands are more likely to migrate without their spouses (i.e., leave their wives behind) from extended families than nuclear ones.
Taste and the history of science: introduction
Authors: Hendriksen Marieke M.A. , Wragge-Morley Alexander
Published: October 2022

In this introduction, we argue that the time is right to explore the role that taste has played in the history of science. For a long time, scientists, philosophers and historians regarded taste as incompatible with the production of knowledge, contrasting the apparent subjectivity of taste with the objectivity supposedly required by the sciences. In recent years, however, the intellectual foundations of this presumed incompatibility have broken down, presenting us with new opportunities to reassess how people use the sensory and mental operations of taste to obtain scientific knowledge. This introduction therefore begins by surveying the intellectual and scholarly landscape, seeking to explain the relative lack of attention to taste in the history of science, arguing that this inattention is misplaced. In turn, it continues by discussing the work that has led growing numbers of historians of science to take taste more seriously – most notably historical accounts revealing that the exclusion of taste from the domain of knowledge was the product of contingent circumstances that did not apply in early centuries, and may not apply today. Finally, by way of introducing the contributions to this issue, the introduction discusses the methodological innovations deployed by historians of science to better reckon not only with taste, but also with the forms of knowledge to which taste might lead.
Quantifying uncertainty in land cover mappings: An adaptive approach to sampling reference data using Bayesian inference
Authors: Phillipson Jordan , Blair Gordon , Henrys Peter
Published: October 2022

Mappings play an important role in environmental science applications by allowing practitioners to monitor changes at national and global scales. Over the last decade, it has become increasingly popular to use satellite imagery data and machine learning techniques (MLTs) to construct such maps. Given the black-box nature of many of these MLTs though, quantifying uncertainty in these maps often relies on sampling reference data under stricter conditions. However, practical constraints can sampling such data expensive, which forces stakeholders to make a trade-off between the degree of uncertainty in predictions and the costs of collecting appropriately sampled reference data. Furthermore, quantifying any trade-off is often difficult, as it will depend on many interdependent factors that cannot be fully understood until more data is collected. This paper investigates how a combination of Bayesian inference and an adaptive approach to sampling reference data can offer a generalizable way of managing such trade-offs. The approach is illustrated and evaluated using a woodland mapping of England as a case study in which reference data is collected under constraints motivated by COVID-19 travel restrictions. The key findings of this paper are as follows: (a) an adaptive approach to sampling reference data allows an informed approach when quantifying this trade-off; and (b) Bayesian inference is naturally suited to adaptive sampling and can make use of Monte Carlo methods when dealing with more advanced problems and analytical techniques.
Notes on the Aesthetics of Medieval Islamic Art—and of Medieval Persian Painting
Authors: HILLENBRAND ROBERT
Published: October 2022

The article sets the discussion of Islamic art within the very animated discussions of the last few decades by many prominent scholars that have sought to pinpoint its nature and that have highlighted the twin dangers of over-generalisation and too narrow a focus. Given that the parameters of the discussion have undergone radical change, and the need to revise traditional paradigms, the article confines itself to Islamic art in the medieval period and the central Islamic lands, especially through the prism of nature. Problems of definition and of the usefulness of medieval texts, and the roles of abstraction and contemplation, are reviewed in turn and the article ends with an attempt to define more closely the aesthetics of a single branch of Islamic art, namely medieval Persian book painting.
Saving lives by asking questions: nurses’ experiences of suicide risk assessment in telephone counselling in primary health care
Authors: Wärdig Rikard , Engström Ann-Sofie , Carlsson Annelie , Wärdig Frida , Hultsjö Sally
Published: October 2022

Aim:

To explore nurses’ experiences of suicide risk assessment in telephone counselling (TC) in primary health care (PHC).

Background:

Globally, priority is given to developing suicide prevention work in PHC. However, suicide risk assessments in TC are not included in these interventions even though these are a common duty of nurses in PHC. More expertise in the field can contribute to knowledge important for developing nurses’ tasks within PHC.

Methods:

A qualitative interview study was conducted with 15 nurses. Data were analysed using conventional content analysis.

Findings:

As suicide risk assessment in TC is a common duty for nurses in PHC, they need to be listened to and given the right conditions to perform this work. The nurses lack training in how to carry out suicide risk assessments and are forced to learn through experience. Intuition guides them in their work. A prerequisite for making correct assessments over the telephone is that the nurses are given time as well as the right competence. The PHC organisation needs to create these conditions. Furthermore, interventions to support suicide prevention need to include strategies to help nurses perform suicide assessment in TC.