bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Sampling Frequency Affect the Accuracy of ActiGraph’s ActiLife and Moving Average Vector Magnitude Step-Count Algorithms?
Authors: Aguiar Elroy J. , Lucas Kayli J. , Benitez Cristal J. , Adandom Israel I. , Toth Lindsay P. , Ducharme Scott W.
Published: December 2024

Background: ActiGraph activity counts are sensitive to sampling frequency (in hertz). However, it is unclear if ActiGraph’s ActiLife and Moving Average Vector Magnitude (MAVM) step-count algorithms are similarly affected. Methods: Forty-eight participants (22.1 ± 4.0 years) completed 4 × 3-min treadmill bouts at 2–5 mph while wearing three ActiGraph GT9X devices, initialized at 30, 80, and 100 Hz, on the hip in a randomized order. Criterion steps were hand-counted, and ActiGraph steps were obtained using the ActiLife and MAVM algorithms. Performance relative to the criterion was assessed using mean and SD of the error, mean absolute percent error, modified Bland–Altman analysis, and equivalence testing. Results: The ActiLife algorithm generally performed the best relative to the criterion at 30 Hz (range across speeds: mean error −0.8 to −21.7 steps/min; SD ±0.6 to ±20.2 steps/min; mean absolute percent error 0.7%–22.2%) versus 80 Hz (−1.2 to −22.0 steps/min; ±1.5 to ±19.1 steps/min; 1.1%–22.7%) versus 100 Hz (−2.4 to −23.6 steps/min; ±3.8 to ±17.6 steps/min; 2.1%–24.2%), respectively. For the modified Bland–Altman analysis, the 30-Hz data yielded the tightest 95% limits of agreement across speeds, followed by 80 Hz, and then 100 Hz. Similar trends were observed in equivalence testing. The MAVM algorithm did not appear to be affected by sampling frequency; however, it generally displayed less precision. Conclusion: The ActiLife algorithm is sensitive to sampling frequency, whereas the MAVM algorithm is not. When step count is the primary measurement outcome, a sampling frequency of 30 Hz is recommended.
Exploring the Influence of Mental Health, Sociocultural Pressures, Body Dissatisfaction, and Self-Efficacy on Mothers’ Reengagement in Team Sports Postpartum
Authors: Boardman Jessie J. , Liddelow Caitlin
Published: December 2024

Mothers undergo extensive changes after birth and are a priority group at risk of mental health issues and physical inactivity. Team sport participation often provides additional social and mental benefits beyond physical activity. This study aimed to understand the influence of mental health, sociocultural pressures, body dissatisfaction, and self-efficacy on postpartum mothers’ reengagement in team sports. A cross-sectional study with 232 Australian mothers (M = 32.0, SD = 5.14) who had a biological child aged 0–3 years was conducted. A hierarchical multiple regression assessing body dissatisfaction found that the combined variables explained 31.8% of the variance in body dissatisfaction, with breastfeeding (b = −4.25), number of children (b = 1.90), depression (b = 29.38), and sociocultural pressures (b = 22.32) being significant. Body dissatisfaction was not directly associated with sport reengagement. However, a mediation analysis found that self-efficacy significantly mediated the relationship between body dissatisfaction and sport reengagement. Overall, this study suggests that to improve postpartum mothers’ engagement in sports, there needs to be a focus on building their self-efficacy for participating, such as through game adaptations or participation flexibility to suit their changing body and needs.
A Holocene history of high bluffs, strandplains, terraces, and dunes along the southeastern margin of Lake Superior (Michigan, USA) with reference to fluctuating lake levels
Authors: Fisher Timothy G. , Loope Henry M. , Loope Walter L. , Jol Harry M. , Breckenridge Andy , Goble Ronald J. , Anderton John B.
Published: December 2024

The strandplains of the southeast Lake Superior coastline between Au Sable Point and Whitefish Point, Michigan, USA, record a response to Holocene lake-level variation (∼75 m), changing sediment supply, and accommodation space, and are good analogues for future shoreline behaviors associated with water-level changes along lacustrine and marine coastlines. A variety of datasets were used to explore these thick and extensive coastal deposits and to extend further back in time the available relative lake-level curve for the Lake Superior basin. Little is known about the coastal history prior to the Nipissing phase (6−2.8 ka) and what the geomorphic effect was from high rates of water-level rise (∼2−4 cm/yr) during the Nipissing transgression (ca. 8−4.5 ka). Rising and peak water levels eroded into glaciofluvial deposits, which resulted in eastward littoral transport of massive amounts of sediment that led to aggradation and basinward progradation of strandplains during the Nipissing transgression and Nipissing phase. Strandplains developed sequentially eastward as discreet littoral cells ending at the large (∼88 km2) Whitefish Point strandplain complex. High rates of sediment supply drove a shoreline behavior of depositional transgression and depositional regression. In post-Nipissing time, erosion likely continued into glaciofluvial deposits, but falling lake levels likely resulted in decreased sediment supply. With less sediment and less accommodation space, there was an increase in west-to-east longshore sediment transport that contributed to the growth of Whitefish Point during the Algoma (2.8−2.0 ka), Sault (2.0−1.0 ka), and Sub-Sault (1.0 ka to modern) phases. Lake-level rise after 1.0 ka has resulted in retrogradation (erosional transgression) along most of the shoreline between AuSable Point and Whitefish Point.
Oesophageal submucosal haematoma in a patient with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Dhillon Navdeep Singh , Singh Ashishpreet , Kumar Suraj , Singh Bhupinder
Published: December 2024

A man in his mid-70s presented with recent-onset angina. An ECG revealed ST-segment depression, and he was started on treatment under the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. 12 hours after admission, he developed haematemesis and dysphagia. A circular mass posterior to the left atrium was found on echocardiography, subsequently, CT revealed oesophageal submucosal haematoma. Anticoagulation therapy was withdrawn, and he showed gradual improvement. Follow-up CT on the 10th day revealed a complete resolution. 3 weeks later, he underwent a successful coronary artery bypass graft procedure and is currently well at 3 months of follow-up.
What research evidence is required on violence against women to inform future pandemic preparedness? A scoping review of the research evidence and gaps
Authors: Brennan-Wilson Aoibheann , Ain Qurat Ul , Ozkaya Canan , Amin Avni , García-Moreno Claudia , Thurston Allen , Mackenzie Alison , Lagdon Susan , Stark Patrick , Lohan Maria
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Violence against women (VAW) during the COVID-19 pandemic was described as the ‘shadow pandemic’ with an increase in reports of VAW. As countries now focus on becoming more resilient to future pandemics, it is critical to understand what we learnt about evidence on VAW burden, prevention, and response during the COVID-19 pandemic. The WHO commissioned this scoping review to gain an understanding of the research evidence on VAW during COVID-19 and to inform future pandemic preparedness efforts.

Methods

Terms relating to VAW and COVID-19 were used to search six databases between 1 January 2020 and 11 February 2023, inclusive of all study designs. Data on thematic focus (ie, burden of violence and/or interventions/services), types of violence, study design, study setting and participant characteristics were synthesised.

Results

Of 25 080 identified records, 694 publications were reviewed in full text and 419 publications were included. The majority (>95%) of the published research was devoted to documenting the burden of VAW, while only 6.2% studied solutions (interventions/services), with even less emphasis on identifying how to prevent VAW in a pandemic context (1%). Gaps in research on VAW that existed prior to the pandemic on women who face multiple intersecting forms of disadvantage endured. Outstanding also was the gap in research on digital-mediated violence (<5%), even as reports of online facilitated violence soared. Additionally, gaps in evidence on specific types of violence such as femicide, forced marriage and acid attacks persisted.

Conclusion

That VAW will be a critical concern, and its impacts worsened during pandemics in the future is certain. The research community does not need to spend more on understanding the burden of forms of VAW but pivot to research to adapt and innovate how to deliver prevention and support services, especially to populations who are disproportionately impacted. In addition to addressing this broader gap in prevention and response during pandemics, further evidence is required on the specific area of technology-mediated violence, femicide, forced marriage and acid attacks.
‘Sweden has changed me’: a qualitative study exploring the sexual health needs and associated mental health aspects of young male former unaccompanied minors, asylum seekers and refugees in Region Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Tewelde McDonald Jordanos , Fayzi Benjamn , Laktinah Majdi , Ekström Anna Mia , Salazar Mariano
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Sexual health needs of young refugees and asylum-seeking men are seldom explored or addressed, adversely affecting their mental and physical well-being. By interviewing young male former unaccompanied minors, refugees and asylum seekers in Stockholm, Sweden, this study aimed to get a deeper understanding of what they needed to achieve a positive and respectful approach to sexuality, romantic and consensual relationships. Additionally, we explored how their sexual health needs were related to their mental health, as well as the factors influencing both.

Design

An exploratory qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was employed. Theoretical sampling was used for participant selection. Analysis of the data was performed using constructivist grounded theory.

Setting

The study took place in Stockholm, Sweden.

Participants

A total of 32 young male (aged 16-28) former unaccompanied minors, asylum seekers and refugees from Afghanistan, Eritrea and Syria were interviewed.

Results

Our analysis showed that our participants’ sexual and mental health needs followed a process of individual change. One core category described the different stages of the process: ‘On my way, but not there yet’. It contains four subcategories: ‘being on the move: the migration journey’; ‘newly arrived: contrasting old and new values and learning new concepts’; ‘navigating relationships, love and sex’; and ‘the respectful man’. We identified six key factors that influenced their sexual and mental health needs: attending school/receiving accurate sexual information, support to adapt, experiencing enjoyable relationships, restrictive parental values, exposure to stigma/discrimination and the negative image of young male refugees.

Conclusions

This study highlighted that the sexual health needs and related mental health aspects of young former unaccompanied minors, asylum seekers and refugees change over time and are influenced by contextual factors. Educational interventions aiming to improve the well-being of this population must address both sexual and mental health aspects, including issues related to gender norms, relationships, sex and consent.
Barriers and facilitators in nurse prescribing practices: a protocol for qualitative meta-synthesis from nurses’ perspectives
Authors: Sunzi Kejimu , Luo Hui , Li Yadi , Zhou Xin , Lei Cheng
Published: December 2024

Introduction

With the development of the medical system and the diversification of patient needs, nurse practitioners (NPs) play an increasingly important role in medical practice, assuming more responsibilities and powers, including the right to prescribe. However, in the process of exercising the right to prescribe, NPs may face various obstacles, and there are also some promoting factors. Therefore, this study aims to deeply explore the obstacles and promoting factors in the prescription process of NPs through a qualitative meta-analysis and comprehensive method, so as to provide a basis for improving the prescription practice of NPs, improving nursing quality and patient satisfaction.

Methods and analysis

This study will adhere to the Joanna Briggs Institute framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. A comprehensive literature search and analysis of studies on nurse are prescribed via PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library. Two independent reviewers will select articles, extract data and appraise study quality. Content analysis will be used to synthesise outcomes, and methodological quality and evidence quality will be assessed. The quality of the articles will be assessed using the 10-item Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval will not be required for this study, as it solely encompasses data derived from previously published research. The findings will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal. In addition, the results will be actively shared at major academic conferences focused on nursing research and healthcare policy to ensure that the study’s outcomes reach key stakeholders, including healthcare practitioners, policymakers and researchers. This targeted dissemination strategy aims to promote the integration of the findings into practice and future research. This protocol is registered with the PROSPERO prospective database of systematic review.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023398567.
Text message intervention delivered from Australian general practices to improve breast cancer survivors’ physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors: protocol for the EMPOWER-SMS-GP effectiveness implementation randomised controlled trial
Authors: Singleton Anna C , Partridge Stephanie R , Hyun Karice K , Mitchell Christine , Raeside Rebecca , Hafiz Nashid , Nickel Brooke , Mizrahi David , Todd Allyson Ruth , McIntosh Jennifer , Chan Raymond J , Stuart Kirsty E , Ee Carolyn , Elder Elisabeth , Redfern Julie
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Australian breast cancer survivors are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality, partly due to behavioural risk factors, including unhealthy diet and physical inactivity. Guidelines recommend health promotion delivered by general practitioners (GPs), but resources (ie, time and funding) are limited. Text message interventions sent from general practice to survivors may offer a low-resource solution but have not been evaluated. This randomised controlled trial (RCT) aims to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of a text message intervention called EMPOWER-SMS-GP in Australian general practices.

Methods and analysis

Multi-centre single-blind hybrid I RCT (n=678; 1:1 allocation) comparing EMPOWER-SMS-GP (n=339) to usual care (n=339) at 6 months (postintervention), 12, 18 and 24 months (maintenance) and parallel mixed-methods process evaluation using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance framework. Inclusion: adults (≥18 years old) with early-stage breast cancer, completed active treatment ≤3 years ago, have a mobile phone and attended ≥1 GP appointment within 24 months. Primary outcome: between-group difference in mean physical activity (metabolic equivalent minutes/day) at 6 months, measured using an accelerometer. Secondary outcomes include self-reported physical activity, diet, quality of life, financial or psychological distress, fear of cancer recurrence, endocrine therapy adherence and body mass index. Statistical analyses (intention-to-treat) will include t-test (primary outcome) and linear and logistic mixed-effects regression models.

Ethics and dissemination

Approval received from the University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (Number 2023/081). Trial results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications, presentations, lay summaries, videos and audio for scientific, government and public audiences.

Trial registration number

Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12624000591550, 09/05/2024; U1111-1307-3454).
Trends in myopia prevalence among late adolescents in South Korea: a population-level study and future projections up to 2050
Authors: Surl Dongheon , Seo Yuri , Han Jinu
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aims to provide updated prevalence estimates of myopia and high myopia among late adolescent men in Seoul, South Korea, and predict future trends up to 2050.

Methods and analysis

This cross-sectional and population-level study includes late adolescent men of the same age who underwent a series of medical examinations at the Seoul Regional Military Manpower Administration between 2013 and 2022. The population with myopia and high myopia was estimated, and the prevalence for 2050 was forecasted. Associated risk factors and ocular disease status of the high myopia population were investigated.

Results

Over the 10-year period, the prevalence of myopia and high myopia among late adolescent men in Seoul was 70.67% and 20.29%, respectively. Between 2013 and 2022, the prevalence of the myopia and high myopia has increased significantly (p<0.001 and 0.006, respectively). The annual growth rate for the prevalence of myopia and high myopia was 0.61% and 0.33%, respectively. Regression analyses predicted that by 2050, myopia and high myopia prevalence will reach 90.90% and 31.26% by linear regression, and 90.75% and 31.17% by non-linear regression, respectively. Risk factor analysis identified that a high education level was associated with a higher prevalence of high myopia. Retinal detachment was significantly more common among those with high myopia, while retinal dystrophy was less common.

Conclusion

This study highlights a concerning trend of increasing myopia and high myopia prevalence, which is likely to reach 90.90% and 31.26% by 2050, with significant future burden for public health and society.
Novel prucalopride-containing bowel cleansing regimen improves completion rates of colon capsule endoscopy
Authors: Ibrahim Hussain , Jardine Ruari , MacLeod Campbell , Ramsay George , Watson Angus J M
Published: December 2024

Background

Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is an alternative to optical colonoscopy and CT colonography for the investigation of the large bowel. It is less invasive but still needs bowel preparation to adequately visualise the colon.

CCE can be limited by incomplete examination. Recent evidence suggests that the addition of prucalopride can increase completion rates. Our institution changed the CCE bowel preparation regimen and included this drug in May 2023. Here, we report the rates of CCE completion after its introduction.

Methods

The outcomes for those who had the new preparation (with prucalopride) were compared with those of the cohort who underwent the old preparation, providing two similarly sized groups. All data were collected prospectively using a dedicated endoscopy software system (EMS Medilogik) and then analysed retrospectively.

Results

381 patients had the old preparation between October 2022 and May 2023 and 379 had the new preparation between May and December 2023.

The completion rate was higher with the new, 305/379 (80.5%) compared 270/381 (70.9%) with the old regimen, p≤0.005. There was no difference in the quality of bowel cleansing between the two groups with a mean bowel cleansing score of 4.03 out of 9 in both. Both groups required a similar rate of additional luminal investigation following CCE, 210 (55.4%) with the new regimen and 220 (57.7%) with the old, p=0.52.

Conclusion

The new prucalopride-containing CCE preparation improves completion rates. It has no impact on the quality of bowel cleansing or the need for further endoscopy.
Functional assessment of coronary artery disease in patients with severe aortic stenosis: a review
Authors: Yones Eron , Gunn Julian , Iqbal Javaid , Morris Paul D
Published: December 2024

A significant proportion of patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) have concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD). The best way to treat these patients is contentious. Conventional assessments of ischaemia such as fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave-free ratio are not validated in the context of severe AS despite having a Class I European Society of Cardiology indication in patients with isolated coronary disease. A better understanding of how we assess and interpret coronary physiology in these patients is required to optimise treatment pathways. Only one prospective, randomised trial has investigated the routine use of FFR to guide revascularisation in patients undergoing TAVI and several observational cohort studies have measured changes in hyperaemic and resting indices in patients with severe AS as well as before and after TAVI. The purpose of this review article is to provide a summary of the current data regarding the functional assessment of CAD in patients with severe AS and highlight the current best practice in this evolving area.
Non-criteria antiphospholipid antibody profiles and thrombotic outcomes in a cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Murray Alistair , Campbell Eric J , Clarke Ann Elaine , Barber Megan R W , Pannu Tania , Fritzler Marvin J , Jung Michelle , St. Pierre Yvan , Skeith Leslie
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterised by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) and clinical outcomes of thrombosis and/or obstetric morbidity and is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). IgG antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin complex (aPS/PT), IgM aPS/PT and IgG anti-beta 2 glycoprotein 1-domain 1 (aβ2GP1-D1) are novel aPLs that have been associated with thrombosis; however, conclusive data are still lacking. It remains unclear how best to incorporate non-criteria autoantibodies into clinical decision-making. The aim of this study was to assess whether these novel aPLs were associated with an increased risk of thrombosis in patients with SLE.

Methods

We evaluated 341 patients enrolled in the SouThern Alberta Registry for Lupus EryThematosus database with SLE by the American College of Rheumatology or Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria. Medical records were reviewed between March 2006 and January 2021 for thrombotic events and serology results for lupus anticoagulant, IgG anticardiolipin, IgG anti-beta 2 glycoprotein 1 (aβ2GP1), IgG aPS/PT, IgM aPS/PT and IgG aβ2GP1-D1.

Results

Among 341 patients with SLE, 59 (17%) met the revised Sapporo lab criteria, and of those 29 (49%) had a major thrombotic event (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.9 to 6.3). Among 142 patients who had at least one positive non-criteria autoantibody, 45 (32%) had a major thrombotic event (OR 1.6, 95% CI 0.97 to 2.6). In a univariate analysis, the IgG aPS/PT and IgG aβ2GP1-D1 were associated with major and all thrombotic events. In a multivariate analysis that controlled for age, sex, prednisone use, SLE disease activity (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index—2K and the revised Sapporo lab criteria, among the non-criteria aPLs, only IgG aPS/PT was associated with an increased risk of a major thrombosis (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.5).

Conclusions

In our multivariate analysis, IgG aPS/PT was associated with a modestly increased risk of thrombotic events.
Clinical, genetic and omics-based biomarkers that might support the identification of the development of psoriatic arthritis in individuals with psoriasis: a narrative review of the literature
Authors: Grohmann Teresa , Vivekanantham Arani , Coates Laura C , Pennington Stephen , FitzGerald Oliver
Published: December 2024

It is known that 25%–30% of individuals with cutaneous psoriasis (PsC) will develop psoriatic arthritis (PsA). To date, the reasons for the development of PsA in individuals with PsC have not been identified. Furthermore, there are considerable delays in the diagnosis and treatment of PsA, which lead to joint and bone deformation and chronic pain. It is therefore important to develop more precise diagnostic and screening tools. In this narrative review of the literature, clinical risk factors and novel molecular biomarkers (genetic markers, blood and inflammatory markers, lipid, metabolite and protein biomarkers) have been evaluated. The review included 38 publications that were reported between May 2020 and May 2024. Similar to previous reviews, nail involvement was one of the strongest clinical risk factors for the development of PsA, while molecular biomarkers did not provide a clear and robust differentiation between PsC and PsA groups. The seemingly poor performance of molecular markers may be largely attributed to small study populations and heterogeneity in study designs. Data and sample sharing in large consortia such as HIPPOCRATES (Health initiatives in Psoriasis and PsOriatic arthritis ConsoRTium European States) could help to overcome the limitations of small studies and enable the development of more robust diagnostic and screening tools for PsA.
Reframing assisted dying through the civil law: possibilities and challenges for the UK
Authors: Hardes Dvorak Jennifer , Regnard Claud , Proffitt Amy , Coelho Ramona , Herx Leonie
Published: December 2024

Background

Current proposals for assisted dying in the UK are based on embedding it within a medical, healthcare model. This model is revealing challenges in safeguarding, monitoring and the impact on healthcare.

Objective

To explore if a different model is a safer, pragmatic and realistic alternative.

Methods

Existing medical models of assisted dying are reviewed and previously suggested alternatives are considered. The option of a socio-legal model is explained and examined in detail, including costs and likely numbers.

Findings

The authors propose that a socio-legal, civil law model that sits outside of healthcare is the most socially nuanced and ethical mode of regulation.

Conclusions

A socio-legal model retains the choice to end life, but would ensure greater social safeguarding of vulnerable persons. It also enables healthcare professionals and organisations to focus on healing and care.
High-resolution synthetic seismic modelling: elucidating facies heterogeneity in carbonate ramp systems
Authors: Tomassi Andrea , de Franco Roberto , Trippetta Fabio
Published: December 2024

Carbonate ramp systems present significant seismic interpretation challenges due to their pronounced facies heterogeneity, which frequently results in chaotic seismic outputs that obscure the underlying geological structures. The Porto Badisco Calcarenite in Salento, southern Italy, an Oligocene carbonate ramp, serves as the case study for this research, offering an analogue for understanding similar geological systems. By integrating fieldwork, laboratory analysis and MATLAB modelling, this study pioneers the use of detailed petrophysical data to construct innovative velocity models based on the velocity ranges of the different lithofacies analysed. These models distinctly illustrate the impact of facies heterogeneity on seismic velocities, providing fresh insights into acoustic impedance and variable propagation velocities across different facies constituting the carbonate ramp. Through advanced high-resolution synthetic seismic modelling conducted on carefully fine-tuned unmigrated stack sections, the research demonstrates how variations in petrophysical characteristics within measured ranges reflecting carbonate textures can dramatically alter seismic imaging. The innovative models, based on propagation velocity ranges, not only deepen the understanding of the seismic representation of lithofacies but also act as a potent tool for probing the subsurface architecture of complex carbonate systems, providing an interpretative key for the analysis of seismic images. This approach signifies a substantial advancement in seismic modelling that is aimed at refining interpretations and enhancing exploration strategies in carbonate ramp environments globally.
Effect of collapse-type lateral pressure induced by irrigation on loess landslides
Authors: Yu Guo-Qiang , Zhang Xia , Zhu Li-Feng , Zhang Jun
Published: December 2024

Loess collapse-type lateral pressure may have a landslide-promoting effect in loess slope areas. A study on the variability of loess collapse-type lateral pressure in the Heifangtai area and its sliding mechanism has been analysed. Collapse tests and numerical simulations were conducted according to local safety field theory. The results indicate that the Heifangtai loess is self-weighted collapsible loess. As the depth or moisture content increases, the lateral pressure gradually increases, and correspondingly the deformation becomes greater. In a saturated state, the maximum lateral pressure reaches 123 kPa, and the lateral pressure coefficient increases up to 1.4 times. As the water content increases from 4% to 20%, the total slope displacement is predominantly horizontal, increasing from 12 to 140 mm, the lateral pressure coefficient gradually increases and the increase range gradually expands; the failure area becomes gradually wider until the slope toe is penetrated. Collapse action leads to tensile stresses in the upper part of the slope, making it prone to collapse-type crack formation, resulting in dominant channels of surface water infiltration and forming landslide scarps. Furthermore, collapse action also enables the formation of compressive stresses in the lower part of the slope, resulting in outward extrusion of deep soil, increased sliding force and landslide formation.
Viscosity Approximation for Split Equality Generalized Mixed Equilibrium Problems With Semigroups of Nonexpansive Mappings
Authors: Patel Prashant , Shukla Rahul
Published: December 2024

The paper proposes a viscosity approximation algorithm for approximating fixed points. The study in this paper demonstrates that without having the prior estimations of operator norm and semicompactness of one‐parameter semigroups of nonexpansive mappings, the algorithm converges strongly to the solution of split equality generalized mixed equilibrium problem (SEGMEP).

MSC2010 Classification: Primary 47H10, 47H09, 47J05, 47J25, 54H25
Assessing Vegetable Diets on the Growth of Reared Juvenile Paracentrotus lividus: Implications for Population Restoration Initiatives
Authors: Simonoviez Martin , Ligorini Viviana , Piacentini Léa , Demolliens Mikaël , Delmas Alban , Boussard Alizée , Pugliese Sally , Bastien Romain , Filippi Jean-José , Vela Alexandre , Ternengo Sonia , Aiello Antoine
Published: December 2024

The demand for the purple sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus has led to the decline of its wild populations, increasing interest in cultivating this species for commercial purposes and ecological restoration purposes. Consequently, there is a need to expand knowledge about the optimal conditions for sea urchin aquaculture, particularly regarding food regimes. Here, we evaluate the effects of several vegetable diets on the survival and growth of early juveniles of P. lividus. Using an outdoor experimental assay, we fed early juveniles (5–6.5 mm) various diets: fresh algae (Ulva sp.), aquaculture pellets, and vegetables (carrot, spinach, and maize) presented as individual or mixed diets (equal mass proportions). All diets were provided ad libitum in equal mass proportions. After 120 days, the pellet‐fed urchins showed good growth but a high mortality rate (>40%). The Ulva sp. diet, considered the control regime mimicking wild sea urchin diet, resulted in low mortality but poor growth performance (maximum of 10.92 ± 1.94 mm in diameter and 0.68 ± 0.26 g in weight). In contrast, plant‐based diets, especially those containing maize, led to the highest growth and lowest mortality rates (<5%). Notably, the triple mixed diet (carrot–spinach–maize) resulted in a threefold size increase, as the P. lividus juveniles reached 15 mm in 4 months. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of inexpensive, ready‐to‐use vegetable‐based diets in optimizing rearing protocols for early juveniles of P. lividus. It offers preliminary insights into dietary preferences to rapidly attain an adequate release size for purple urchin aimed at restocking wild populations and balancing aquaculture and ecological restoration needs.
Critical Ingredients and Mechanisms of Intensive Home Support for People With Severe Mental Illness According to Clients: A Qualitative Study on What Works and How, Using a Realist Evaluation Framework
Authors: van Genk Caroline M. H. , Roeg Diana P. K. , van Vugt Maaike D. , van Weeghel Jaap , van Eck Marcel , Van Regenmortel Tine
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Intensive home support (IHS) is a contemporary, innovative outreach approach in the supported housing sector designed to meet the growing need for community living initiatives for people with severe mental illness. Unlike regular outreach, IHS provides 24/7 accessible staff, numerous support hours, and several facilities supporting independent living, including daily activity programs. IHS has not been evaluated before. As the first IHS study, we aimed to identify the critical ingredients for IHS according to clients and unravel how it works.

Methods: We used a longitudinal qualitative design with semistructured interviews after recruiting a purposive sample of IHS clients after 1 year of their recovery journey. Utilizing a realist evaluation approach based on CAIMeR theory and thematic analysis, we explored clients’ perspectives on the impact and key components of IHS.

Results: A total of 42 clients participated in this study, with 32 remaining involved after 1 year. Thematic analysis identified five critical ingredients experienced by IHS clients, including: (1) working alliance; (2) autonomy; (3) relationships; (4) mental and physical health; and (5) housing and living environment factors. The results also highlighted how IHS works and under what conditions, namely, by highlighting trust, continuity, recognition, belonging, and self‐confidence. Clients viewed these components as crucial, collectively empowering them toward independent living and recovery. The 24/7 accessibility of trusted support workers increased clients’ self‐confidence, although actual use was infrequent.

Conclusions: This study indicated that with IHS, more formerly residential SH clients with severe mental illness can live independently despite experiencing a sense of insecurity and feelings of loneliness. These elements collectively position IHS as an innovative approach to complement existing services, offering valuable support to enhance the independence of individuals with severe mental illness.
Corrosion Rate of Medium‐Carbon Steel Quenched in Nanofluids (Al2O3 and CuO) at Different Temperatures
Authors: Abd Nervana Abbas , Hanafy M. , Abdelghany Amr , Amen Hani Aziz
Published: December 2024

The corrosion of carbon steel pipelines and storage tanks is a common occurrence in the oil and gas industry. To reduce metal corrosion, we examined the effect of quenching medium‐carbon steel in nanofluids. Medium‐carbon steel was quenched, firstly; heated to above the normal recrystallisation temperature for a sufficient time to allow the heat to penetrate the metal; and then cooled down quickly in tap water or alumina (Al2O3) or copper oxide (CuO) nanofluid with a volume concentration of 0.05%. Some specimens were then tempered. To investigate the different phases before corrosion tests such as ferrite–cementite and ferrite–martensite with a small amount of retained austenite, X‐ray diffraction images are used. Furthermore, the dislocation density and grain size of the quenched steel were obtained, which played an important role in determining the corrosion behaviour. Finally, all specimens were quenched and immersed in 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) aqueous solution saturated or NaCl saturated with carbon dioxide (CO2) at a temperature of 25°C, 35°C, 45°C, or 55°C. The morphology of the steel surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy after the corrosion tests. The number of pits on the surface was found to vary with the heat treatment and corrosion conditions. The results showed that both the cathodic Tafel slope βc and the anodic Tafel slope βa decrease with increasing temperature due to the formation of a layer of iron oxide (Fe2O3), which prevented chlorine ions (Cl−) from reaching the surface of the metal and causing corrosion. Thus, the corrosion current density (Icorr) decreased with increasing temperature. It was found that the corrosion efficiency is highest when quenched with CuO solution and then tempered (CuO + T) where it was 86.677% at 55°C. Above this temperature, there was little change in the effectiveness. Low‐temperature tests damage the metal; moreover, the corrosion products that formed were loose and porous when the quenched metal was exposed to CO2 because the temperature was too low for a protective film to be formed. Experimental observations indicate that the corrosion resistance of medium‐carbon steel quenched in CuO nanofluid is greater than that of the steel quenched in Al2O3 nanofluid under the same conditions. In addition, the corrosion characteristics differed between the quenching and tempered steel and the steel that was only quenched.
A Combined Approach to Estimate Modal Parameters for Updating the Finite Element Model of a High‐Rise Building
Authors: Cai Kang , Huang Mingfeng , Wang Chunhe , Yang Chen , Ni Yi-Qing , Li Binbin
Published: December 2024

Accurate estimation of modal parameters is crucial for various aspects of tall buildings, including structural design, vibration control, and state assessment. This paper first presents a combined approach for the structural modal parameter estimation by combining the empirical wavelet transform (EWT), smoothed discrete energy separation algorithm‐1 (SDESA‐1), and half‐cycle energy operator (HCEO), referred to as EWT‐SH. A numerical study on a five‐story frame structure is conducted using the Newmark‐β method to validate its effectiveness and accuracy. The results demonstrate that relative errors in estimating the natural frequency and damping ratio using the EWT‐SH method are significantly smaller compared to traditional methods. Furthermore, the EWT‐SH method is applied to estimate the modal parameters of a real super‐tall building, i.e., the SEG Plaza building in Shenzhen, using acceleration responses. Identified results confirm the applicability and accuracy of the EWT‐SH method in real‐world scenarios and indicate that the frequencies and damping ratios of the SEG Plaza building noticeably decrease after 20 years of service, which could partially explain the SEG building vibration event on May 18, 2021. Since the identified frequencies are quite different from those of the original finite element (FE) model of the tall building, the dual‐loop particle swarm optimization (PSO) is specifically developed to update the FE model of SEG Plaza building.
Age‐Related Cognitive and Volumetric Changes in the Brain of African Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus (Temminck, 1827))
Authors: Afanvi Hounakey M. , Esperance Broalet Maman You , Niemtiah Ouattara , James Yaovi , Doukoure Brahima , Tako Neme Antoine , Metowogo Kossi , Eklu-Gadegbeku Kwashi , Aklikokou Kodjo
Published: December 2024

The African grasscutter (AGC) (Thryonomys swinderianus) is the second largest rodent in sub‐Saharan Africa. It is bred for its organoleptic and culinary properties but also serves as a research model. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between age‐related changes in brain weight, brain volume, and spatial and nonspatial memory performance in the AGC. A total of forty‐two (42) captive‐derived AGCs were divided into seven age groups: 6 neonates (6 days), 6 juveniles (1 month), 6 pubertals (3 months), 6 subadults (8 months), 6 young adults (2 years), 6 middle adults (4 years), and 6 old adults (5 years). The subjects were given a series of tests to assess their spatial memory (location test) and their nonspatial memory (object recognition test). Brain samples were then collected using basic neuroanatomical techniques. The weight and volume of the brain samples were determined and their encephalization quotient (EQ) was also calculated. The results showed that spatial and nonspatial memory in AGC develops into adulthood and then declines with age. Mean brain weight increased from neonates to mid‐adulthood (5.20 ± 0.31 g–11.76 ± 0.23 g) and decreased in older AGC (11.75 ± 0.22 g). In contrast, the mean weight of the olfactory bulb (OB) increased from neonates to young adults (0.28 ± 0.02 g–0.80 ± 0.03 g) and the cerebellum increased from neonates to older (0.59 ± 0 0.01 g–1.86 ± 0.06 g). Finally, the EQ decreased with age (0.73 ± 0.05–0.29 ± 0.01). Mean brain volume increased with age from neonates to young adult (5 mL–11.25 mL). Conversely, the mean volume of the OB and cerebellum increases from neonates to older age (0.33 ± 0.03 mL–0.95 ± 0.04 mL). This study shows that spatial and nonspatial memory declines during the aging process in AGC. Neonates and juveniles have higher cognitive abilities than adults and older AGC. The weight of the brain, OB, and cerebellum increases from neonates to adult and decreases slightly from middle to old adults. However, the volume of the OB and cerebellum increases with age.
Empresas Big Tech y el Engagement de Consumidores con los Medios
Authors: Guesalaga Rodrigo
Published: December 2024

El artículo examina cómo las grandes empresas tecnológicas (Big Tech) han transformado la interacción de los consumidores con los medios digitales. Analiza las estrategias de engagement utilizadas por estas empresas, sus consecuencias tanto positivas como negativas, y presenta experiencias de estudiantes universitarios. Concluye con recomendaciones para equilibrar los beneficios de la tecnología con la protección de los derechos y el bienestar de los usuarios.
Longitudinal Blood Immune-Inflammatory and Radiomic Profiling to Decode Different Patterns of Acquired Resistance to Immunotherapy in Patients with NSCLC
Authors: Mazzaschi Giulia , Marrocchio Cristina , Moron Dalla Tor Lucas , Leo Ludovica , Balbi Maurizio , Milanese Gianluca , Adebanjo Ganiyat A.R. , Lorusso Bruno , Monica Gregorio , Pluchino Monica , Minari Roberta , D’Agnelli Simona , Cardinale Elisa , Perrone Fabiana , Bordi Paola , Leonetti Alessandro , Ledda Roberta E. , Silva Mario , Buti Sebastiano , Roti Giovanni , Bettati Stefano , Quaini Federico , Tiseo Marcello , Sverzellati Nicola
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To uncover the underpinnings of acquired resistance (AR) to immunotherapy (IO), we determined whether distinctive clinicopathologic, radiomic, and peripheral blood (PB) immune-inflammatory features reflect oligo- and systemic (sys)-AR in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

Experimental Design:

On 105 consecutive patients with IO-treated advanced NSCLC, PB immunophenotypes, cytokines, and CT-derived radiomic features (RF), extracted from primary and merged metastatic lesions, were prospectively collected at baseline (T0) and at the first disease assessment (T1, 9–12 weeks), and their Δ variation [(T1−T0)/T0] was computed. AR, defined as progression after the initial response (complete/partial) or stable disease ≥6 months, was subdivided according to the number of new and/or progressive lesions in oligoAR (≤3) and sysAR (>3). Clinicopathologic, PB, and radiomic parameters and survival outcomes were statistically correlated to AR patterns.

Results:

OligoAR and sysAR involved 24% and 12.4% of cases, respectively. Whereas baseline PB immune profiles were comparable, a Δpos cytotoxic (NK, CD8+granzyme B+) and Δneg immunosuppressive (CD14+ monocytes) dynamic coupled with different modulations of IL-6, TGF-β1, TNFα, and soluble PD-L1 represented distinctive features of oligoAR versus sysAR (P < 0.05). Significantly longer postprogression survival characterized oligoAR versus sysAR (median 20.3 vs. 5.6 months; HR, 0.22; P < 0.001). The number and sites of oligoAR involvement appeared to condition the blood immune background (P < 0.05) and survival. ΔRFs outperformed baseline RFs, with 15 ΔRFs sharply discriminating oligoAR from sysAR (P range: <0.001–0.04). ROC analysis confirmed the optimal performance of top-ranked ΔRFs (AUC range: 0.88–0.99).

Conclusions:

Longitudinal analysis of blood-immune hallmarks and radiomic descriptors may decipher distinct patterns of AR to IO in advanced patients with NSCLC.
Supplementary Fig. 8 from Clotting Promotes Glioma Growth and Infiltration Through Activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase
Authors: Knowles Lynn M. , Wolter Carolin , Linsler Stefan , Müller Simon , Urbschat Steffi , Ketter Ralf , Müller Andreas , Zhou Xiangda , Qu Bin , Senger Sebastian , Geisel Jürgen , Schmidt Tim , Eichler Hermann , Pilch Jan
Published: December 2024

Expression of Integrin β1 and integrin β3 in gliomas based on IDH1 and EGFR mutation status
Supplementary Fig. 1 from Clotting Promotes Glioma Growth and Infiltration Through Activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase
Authors: Knowles Lynn M. , Wolter Carolin , Linsler Stefan , Müller Simon , Urbschat Steffi , Ketter Ralf , Müller Andreas , Zhou Xiangda , Qu Bin , Senger Sebastian , Geisel Jürgen , Schmidt Tim , Eichler Hermann , Pilch Jan
Published: December 2024

Expression of fibrin(ogen) and its clotting product fibrin in glioma tumor tissues
Figure 6 from Clotting Promotes Glioma Growth and Infiltration Through Activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase
Authors: Knowles Lynn M. , Wolter Carolin , Linsler Stefan , Müller Simon , Urbschat Steffi , Ketter Ralf , Müller Andreas , Zhou Xiangda , Qu Bin , Senger Sebastian , Geisel Jürgen , Schmidt Tim , Eichler Hermann , Pilch Jan
Published: December 2024

Expression of integrin β1 and integrin β3 affects patient outcome. A–C, Left, Integrin β3 (A), integrin β1 (B) and FAK (C) mRNA levels in healthy normal brain tissue (n = 1,141) compared with tumor tissue isolated from patients with LGG (WHO grades 2 and 3, n = 523) or GBM (n = 166). Values are expressed as log2(norm_count+1) with the median (line), range (box), and SD (bars) indicated for each group. A–C, Right, Integrin β3 (A), integrin β1 (B), and FAK (C) mRNA expression in patients with primary tumors (primary, n = 662) compared with recurrent disease (n = 27). D, Kaplan–Meier survival curve for 165 patients with GBM sorted based on median integrin β1 [13.2 log2(norm_count + 1)] and integrin β3 [7.62 log2(norm_count + 1)] expression for tumors with high expression of both integrins above the median (β1Highβ3High, n = 55) or low expression of both integrins below the median (β1Lowβ3Low, n = 63). Log-rank test statistics = 0.6787, P = 0.41. E, Kaplan–Meier survival curves for 521 patients with LGG glioma were sorted based on median integrin β1 [12.1 log2(norm_count + 1)] and integrin β3 [5.01 log2(norm_count + 1)] expression to generate four subgroups: β1Lowβ3Low (n = 186), β1Highβ3Low (n = 73), β1Lowβ3High (n = 66), and β1Highβ3High (n = 196). β1Highβ3High vs. β1Lowβ3Low, log-rank test statistics = 25.32, P < 0.0001; β1Highβ3High vs. β1Lowβ3High, log-rank test statistics = 3.638, P = 0.056; β1Highβ3High vs. β1Highβ3Low, log-rank test statistics = 2.727, P = 0.099; β1Highβ3Low vs. β1Lowβ3Low, log-rank test statistics = 5.207, P = 0.02; β1Lowβ3High vs. β1Lowβ3Low, log-rank test statistics = 4.875, P = 0.03; and β1Highβ3Low vs. β1Lowβ3High, log-rank test statistics = 0.03, P = 0.87. Norm, normal; Recur, recurrent.