bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Alkalescent Electrolyte Chemistry for Zinc‐Ferricyanide Flow Battery
Authors: Zhi Liping , Liao Chenyi , Xu Pengcheng , Sun Fusai , Fan Fengtao , Li Guohui , Yuan Zhizhang , Li Xianfeng
Published: April 2024

Alkaline zinc‐ferricyanide flow batteries are efficiency and economical as energy storage solutions. However, they suffer from low energy density and short calendar life. The strongly alkaline conditions (3 mol L−1 OH−) reduce the solubility of ferri/ferro‐cyanide (normally only 0.4 mol L−1 at 25 °C) and induce the formation of zinc dendrites at the anode. Here, we report a new zinc‐ferricyanide flow battery based on a mild alkalescent (pH 12) electrolyte. Using a chelating agent to rearrange ferri/ferro‐cyanide ion‐solvent interactions and improve salt dissociation, we increased the solubility of ferri/ferro‐cyanide to 1.7 mol L−1 and prevented zinc dendrites. Our battery has an energy density of ~74 Wh L−1catholyte at 60 °C and remains stable for 1800 cycles (1800 hours) at 0 °C and for >1400 cycles (2300 hours) at 25 °C. An alkalescent zinc‐ferricyanide cell stack built using this alkalescent electrolyte stably delivers 608 W of power for ~40 days.
A Thermosalient and Mechanically Compliant Organic Crystalline Optical Waveguide Switcher
Authors: Di Qi , Al‐Handawi Marieh B. , Li Liang , Naumov Panče , Zhang Hongyu
Published: April 2024

The dense and ordered molecular arrangements endow dynamic molecular crystals with fast response, rapid energy conversion, low energy dissipation, and strong coupling between heat/light and mechanical energy. Most of the known dynamic crystals can only respond to a single stimulus, and materials that can respond to multiple stimuli are rare. Here, we report an organic crystalline material that can be bent plastically and is also thermosalient, as its crystals can move when they undergo a reversible phase transition. The crystals transmit light regardless of their shape or crystalline phase. The combination of light transduction and reversible thermomechanical deformation provides an opportunity to switch the waveguiding capability of the material in a narrow temperature range, which holds a tremendous potential for applications in heat‐averse electronic components, such as central processing units. Unlike existing electronics, the material we report here is completely organic and therefore much lighter, potentially reducing the overall weight of electronic circuits.
Rechargeable Zn‐H2O hydrolysis battery for hydrogen storage and production
Authors: Cai Muya , Shi Hao , Zhang Yu , Qu Jiakang , Wang Hongya , Guo Yanyang , Du Kaifa , Li Wei , Deng Bowen , Wang Dihua , Yin Huayi
Published: April 2024

Reactive metals hydrolysis offers significant advantages for hydrogen storage and production. However, the regeneration of common reactive metals (e.g., Mg, Al, etc.) is energy‐intensive and produces unwanted byproducts such as CO2 and Cl2. Herein, we employ Zn as a reactive mediator that can be easily regenerated by electrolysis of ZnO in an alkaline solution with a Faradaic efficiency of >99.9 %. H2 is produced in the same electrolyte by constructing a Zn‐H2O hydrolysis battery consisting of a Zn anode and a Raney‐Ni cathode to unlock the Zn‐H2O reaction. The entire two‐step water splitting reaction with a net energy efficiency of 70.4 % at 80 °C and 50 mA cm−2. Additionally, the Zn‐H2O system can be charged using renewable energy to produce H2 on demand and runs for 600 cycles only sacrificing 3.76 % energy efficiency. DFT calculations reveal that the desorption of H* on Raney‐Ni (−0.30 eV) is closer to zero compared with that on Zn (−0.87 eV), indicating a faster desorption of H* at low overpotential. Further, a 24 Ah electrolyzer is demonstrated to produce H2 with a net energy efficiency of 65.5 %, which holds promise for its real application.
Kinetic Control of Complexity in Multiple Dynamic Libraries
Authors: Rivero David S. , Pérez‐Pérez Yaiza , Perretti Marcelle D. , Santos Tanausú , Scoccia Jimena , Tejedor David , Carrillo Romen
Published: April 2024

Multiple dynamic libraries of compounds are generated when more than one reversible reaction comes into play. Commonly, two or more orthogonal reversible reactions are used, leading to non‐communicating dynamic libraries which share no building blocks. Only a few examples of communicating libraries have been reported, and in all those cases, building blocks are reversibly exchanged from one library to the other, constituting an antiparallel dynamic covalent system. Herein we report that communication between two different dynamic libraries through an irreversible process is also possible. Indeed, alkyl amines cancel the dynamic regime on the nucleophilic substitution of tetrazines, generating kinetically inert compounds. Interestingly, such amine can be part of another dynamic library, an imine‐amine exchange. Thus, both libraries are interconnected with each other by an irreversible process which leads to kinetically inert structures that contain parts from both libraries, causing a collapse of the complexity. Additionally, a latent irreversible intercommunication could be developed. In such a way, a stable molecular system with specific host–guest and fluorescence properties, could be irreversibly transformed when the right stimulus was applied, triggering the cancellation of the original supramolecular and luminescent properties and the emergence of new ones.
An Unprecedented [BO2]‐Based Deep‐Ultraviolet Transparent Nonlinear Optical Crystal by Superhalogen Substitution
Authors: Liu Shuai , Jiang Xingxing , Qi Lu , Hu Yilei , Duanmu Kaining , Wu Chao , Lin Zheshuai , Huang Zhipeng , Humphrey Mark G. , Zhang Chi
Published: April 2024

Solid‐state structures with the superhalogen [BO2]− have thus far only been observed with a few compounds whose syntheses require high reaction temperatures and complicated procedures, while their optical properties remain almost completely unexplored. Herein, we report a facile, energy‐efficient synthesis of the first [BO2]‐based deep‐ultraviolet (deep‐UV) transparent oxide K9[B4O5(OH)4]3(CO3)(BO2) ⋅ 7H2O (KBCOB). Detailed structural characterization and analysis confirm that KBCOB possesses a rare four‐in‐one three‐dimensional quasi‐honeycomb framework, with three π‐conjugated anions ([BO2]−, [BO3]3−, and [CO3]2−) and one non‐π‐conjugated anion ([BO4]5−) in the one crystal. The evolution from the traditional halogenated nonlinear optical (NLO) analogues to KBCOB by superhalogen [BO2]− substitution confers deep‐UV transparency (<190 nm), a large second‐harmonic generation response (1.0×KH2PO4 @ 1064 nm), and a 15‐fold increase in birefringence. This study affords a new route to the facile synthesis of functional [BO2]‐based oxides, paving the way for the development of next‐generation high‐performing deep‐UV NLO materials.
Domain Swapping in Abiotic Foldamers
Authors: Wang Shuhe , Wicher Barbara , Douat Céline , Maurizot Victor , Huc Ivan
Published: April 2024

Foldamer sequences that adopt tertiary helix‐turn‐helix folds mediated by helix‐helix hydrogen bonding in organic solvents have been previously reported. In an attempt to create genuine abiotic quaternary structures, i.e. assemblies of tertiary structures, new sequences were prepared that possess additional hydrogen bond donors at positions that may promote an association between the tertiary folds. However, a solid state structure and extensive solution state investigations by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Circular Dichroism (CD) show that, instead of forming a quaternary structure, the tertiary folds assemble into stable domain‐swapped dimer motifs. Domain swapping entails a complete reorganization of the arrays of hydrogen bonds and changes in relative helix orientation and handedness that can all be rationalized.
Differences in audiovisual temporal processing in autistic adults are specific to simultaneity judgments
Authors: Regener Paula , Heffer Naomi , Love Scott A. , Petrini Karin , Pollick Frank
Published: April 2024

Research has shown that children on the autism spectrum and adults with high levels of autistic traits are less sensitive to audiovisual asynchrony compared to their neurotypical peers. However, this evidence has been limited to simultaneity judgments (SJ) which require participants to consider the timing of two cues together. Given evidence of partly divergent perceptual and neural mechanisms involved in making temporal order judgments (TOJ) and SJ, and given that SJ require a more global type of processing which may be impaired in autistic individuals, here we ask whether the observed differences in audiovisual temporal processing are task and stimulus specific. We examined the ability to detect audiovisual asynchrony in a group of 26 autistic adult males and a group of age and IQ‐matched neurotypical males. Participants were presented with beep‐flash, point‐light drumming, and face‐voice displays with varying degrees of asynchrony and asked to make SJ and TOJ.

The results indicated that autistic participants were less able to detect audiovisual asynchrony compared to the control group, but this effect was specific to SJ and more complex social stimuli (e.g., face‐voice) with stronger semantic correspondence between the cues, requiring a more global type of processing. This indicates that audiovisual temporal processing is not generally different in autistic individuals and that a similar level of performance could be achieved by using a more local type of processing, thus informing multisensory integration theory as well as multisensory training aimed to aid perceptual abilities in this population.
Comparison of staging MRI to re‐resection for localised bladder cancer: Narrative review
Authors: Klempfner Hugo , Anderson Paul
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction

Bladder cancer (BCa) is characterised by high prevalence, multifocality, and frequent recurrence, imposing significant clinical and economic burdens. Accurate staging, particularly distinguishing non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) from muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) disease, is crucial for guiding treatment decisions. This narrative review explores the potential implications of incorporating multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and the Vesical Imaging Reporting Data System (VI‐RADS) into BCa staging, focusing on repeat transurethral resection of bladder tumour (re‐TURBT).

Methods

A comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases identified studies published from 2018 to 2023 discussing mpMRI or VI‐RADS in the context of re‐TURBT for BCa staging. Studies meeting inclusion criteria underwent qualitative analysis.

Results

Six recent studies met inclusion criteria. VI‐RADS scoring, accurately predicted muscle invasion, aiding in NMIBC/MIBC differentiation. VI‐RADS scores of ≥3 indicated MIBC with high sensitivity and specificity. VI‐RADS potentially identified patients benefiting from re‐TURBT and those for whom it could be safely omitted.

Discussion

mpMRI and VI‐RADS offer promising prospects for BCa staging, potentially correlating more closely with re‐TURBT and radical cystectomy histopathology than initial TURBT. However, validation and careful evaluation of clinical integration are needed. Future research should refine patient selection and optimise mpMRI's role in BCa management.

Conclusion

VI‐RADS scoring could revolutionise BCa staging, especially regarding re‐TURBT. There is potential that VI‐RADS correlates more with the histopathology of re‐TURBT and radical cystectomy than initial TURBT. While promising, ongoing research is essential to validate utility, refine selection criteria, and address economic considerations. Integration of VI‐RADS into BCa staging holds potential benefits for patients and health care systems.
An efficient lipid droplet‐targeted fluorescent probe for detection of intracellular viscosity
Authors: Yang Yingjie , Guo Rui , Hu Kexin , Xu Meijie , Liang Tingting , Lin Weiying
Published: April 2024

Lipid droplet, an intracellular lipid reservoir, is vital for energy metabolism and signal transmission in cells. The viscosity directly affects the metabolism of lipid droplets, and the abnormal viscosity is associated with the occurrence and development of various diseases. Therefore, it is indispensable to develop techniques that can detect viscosity changes in intracellular lipid droplets. Based on twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) mechanism, a novel small‐molecule lipid droplet‐targeted viscosity fluorescence probe PPF‐1 was designed. The probe was easy to synthesize, it had a large Stokes shift, stable optical properties, and low bio‐toxicity. Compared to being in methanol solution, the fluorescence intensity of PPF‐1 in glycerol solution was increased 26.7‐fold, and PPF‐1 showed excellent ability to target lipid droplets. Thus, the probe PPF‐1 could provide an effective means of detecting viscosity changes of lipid droplets and was of great value for physiological diagnosis of related diseases, pathological analysis, and medical research.
Prognostic implications of combining EGFR‐TKIs and radiotherapy in Stage IV lung adenocarcinoma with 19‐Del or 21‐L858R mutations: A real‐world study
Authors: Liang Shuai , Wang Hanyu , Zhang Yingyun , Tian Haixia , Li Chengming , Hua Dong
Published: April 2024

Objective

To elucidate the potential benefits of combining radiotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) for individuals with Stage IV lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) harboring either exon 19 deletion (19‐Del) or exon 21 L858R mutation (21‐L858R).

Methods

In this real‐world retrospective study, 177 individuals with Stage IV LUAD who underwent EGFR‐TKIs and radiotherapy at Shandong Cancer Hospital from June 2012 to August 2017 were included. The main focus of this real‐world study was overall survival (OS).

Results

The clinical characteristics of patients with Stage IV LUAD harboring 19‐Del were similar to those harboring 21‐L858R (p > 0.05). Overall, the patients had a median OS (mOS) of 32.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 28.6–35.5). Subsequently, multivariate analysis indicated that both EGFR mutations and thoracic radiotherapy were independent predictors of OS (p = 0.001 and 0.013). Furthermore, subgroup analysis highlighted a longer OS for the 19‐Del group compared to the 21‐L858R group, especially when EGFR‐TKIs were combined with bone metastasis or thoracic radiotherapy (mOS: 34.7 vs. 25.1 months and 51.0 vs. 29.6 months; p = 0.0056 and 0.0013, respectively). However, no significant differences were found in OS when considering patients who underwent brain metastasis radiotherapy (mOS: 34.7 vs. 25.1 months; p = 0.088).

Conclusions

Patients with Stage IV LUAD harboring 19‐Del experience a notably prolonged OS following combined therapy with EGFR‐TKIs and radiotherapy, while this OS benefit is observed despite the absence of substantial differences in the clinical characteristics between the 19‐Del and 21‐L858R groups.
Six versus four or five cycles of first‐line etoposide and platinum‐based chemotherapy combined with thoracic radiotherapy in patients with limited‐stage small‐cell lung cancer: A propensity score‐matched analysis of a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Yu Tian‐tian , Hu Xiao , Liufu Wei‐jian , Niu Shao‐qing , Lian Hui‐min , Ma Hong‐lian , Wang Jin , Bao Yong , Chen Ming , Peng Fang
Published: April 2024

Objectives

The recommended treatment for limited‐stage small‐cell lung cancer (LS‐SCLC) is a combination of thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) and etoposide plus cisplatin (EP) chemotherapy, typically administered over 4–6 cycles. Nonetheless, the optimal duration of chemotherapy is still not determined. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of patients with LS‐SCLC who received either 6 cycles or 4–5 cycles of EP chemotherapy combined with TRT.

Materials and Methods

In this retrospective analysis, we utilized data from our prior prospective trial to analyze the outcomes of 265 LS‐SCLC patients who received 4–6 courses of EP combined with concurrent accelerated hyperfractionated TRT between 2002 and 2017. Patients were categorized into two groups depending on their number of chemotherapy cycles: 6 or 4–5 cycles. To assess overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS), we employed the Kaplan–Meier method after conducting propensity score matching (PSM).

Results

Among the 265 LS‐SCLC patients, 60 (22.6%) received 6 cycles of EP chemotherapy, while 205 (77.4%) underwent 4–5 cycles. Following PSM (53 patients for each group), the patients in the 6 cycles group exhibited a significant improvement in OS and PFS in comparison to those in the 4–5 cycles group [median OS: 29.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.6–53.1 months) vs. 22.7 months (95% CI, 20.8–29.1 months), respectively, p = 0.019; median PFS: 17.9 months (95% CI, 13.7–30.5 months) vs. 12.0 months (95% CI, 9.8–14.2 months), respectively, p = 0.006]. The two‐year and five‐year OS rates were 60.38% and 29.87% in the 6 cycles group, whereas 47.17% and 15.72% in the 4–5 cycles group, respectively.

Conclusion

Patients diagnosed with LS‐SCLC who were treated with EP regimen chemotherapy combined with TRT exhibited notably enhanced survival when administered 6 cycles of chemotherapy, as compared to those who underwent only 4–5 cycles.
Navigating secondary school: A perspective from trans and non‐binary activists
Authors: Lorusso Maric Martin , Compare Christian , Cecconi Annalisa , Albanesi Cinzia
Published: April 2024

Gender expansive youth, including trans and non‐binary (TNB) individuals, encounter unique challenges in educational contexts, often marked by hostility, exclusion, and discrimination. This research, adopting the social justice youth development (SJYD) framework, aims to investigate the challenges experienced in Italian secondary schools, amplifying the voices of TNB activists. A total of 15 activists (average age 23.8), comprising 5 trans men, 2 trans women and 8 non‐binary individuals, were recruited. Most identified as White Italian, with one of Italian‐African descent and one multiracial. Interviews collected participants' perceptions of barriers and areas for improvement in school contexts. Reflexive thematic analysis confirmed schools as challenging contexts for TNB identities, highlighting critical flaws in the educational system, such as macro‐ and micro‐aggressions, insufficient knowledge among teachers and staff to support gender expansive students, and a tendency to systematically exclude LGBTQIA+ culture‐related content from curricula. Participants reported engaging in individual and collective activism, striving to adapt and transform educational environments into inclusive spaces for gender identity exploration. Activism stemmed from a sense of responsibility to enhance the well‐being and recognition of the TNB community. Practical implications for school community practices and policies, informed by the SJYD framework in dialogue with participants' experiences, are proposed. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
A young patient with Graves' disease presenting with a triad of heart failure, pancytopenia, and jaundice: A case report
Authors: Sabra Mohamed Kamal , Joudeh Anwar , Al Niserat Mahmoud , Hammamy Riyadh
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Graves's disease must be treated promptly to avoid serious sequelae such as cardiomyopathy, liver injury, and pancytopenia. Early initiation of antithyroid medications and beta blockers could not be overrated even in the presence of these complications.

Graves' disease causes a large spectrum of clinical manifestations. Delayed diagnosis and management of Graves' disease could lead to serious systemic sequelae. We describe a case of a young man who presented with progressive cough, increased abdominal girth and ankle swelling for a few months. On examination, he had jaundice, bilateral exophthalmos, diffuse goiter, ascites, and significant lower limb edema. Laboratory investigations showed increased Thyroxin level with a suppressed thyroid stimulating hormone and positive anti‐thyrotropin receptor antibodies. Also, the patient had pancytopenia, coagulopathy and cholestatic pattern of elevated liver enzymes. Echocardiography demonstrated mildly reduced left ventricular function with diastolic dysfunction, but electrocardiogram did not show atrial fibrillation. Despite the concerns about using antithyroid medications in patients with impaired liver function tests and pancytopenia, the patient improved dramatically without worsening of his hematological or biochemical parameters. Early initiation of antithyroid medications and beta blockers is essential for patients who are newly diagnosed with hyperthyroidism.
Pitfalls and tips for lumenless lead extraction inserted deep within the ventricular septum
Authors: Tomura Nobunari , Shiraishi Hirokazu , Makino Masahiro , Munakata Jun , Shimoo Satoshi , Iwakoshi Hibiki , Nishimura Tetsuro , Ohkura Takashi , Senoo Keitaro , Matoba Satoaki
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

This case highlights the pitfalls and provides tips for the extraction of deeply implanted lumenless leads, and encourages careful lead selection in the current era of widespread left bundle branch area pacing.

The extraction of cardiovascular implantable electronic device leads is sometimes complicated. We describe a case with difficult but successful extraction of SelectSecure, a lumenless permanent pacemaker lead, implanted deep in the ventricular septum, highlighting its pitfalls and tips in the current era of left bundle branch area pacing.
Achieving Regioselective Control for Mechanochemical Reactions: A Planetary Ball‐Milling, Ru‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 3,4‐ and 3,4,5‐Isoxazoles
Authors: Hernandez R. Rafael A. , Nabavi Negin , Patterson Stephanie J. , Forgione Pat
Published: April 2024

A mechanochemical‐enabled Ru‐catalyzed regioselective synthesis of 3,4‐isoxazoles and 3,4,5‐isoxazoles from terminal and internal alkynes and hydroxyimidoyl chlorides is reported. This solid‐state and solvent‐free approach carefully examines the impact of the milling conditions on regiocontrol in 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions using mechanochemical means. The study reveals that milling frequency, jar material, and the choice of liquid additive for liquid‐assisted grinding (LAG) significantly influence the catalytic activity of the Ru catalyst. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis confirms the crucial role of coordinating liquid additives such as acetone and cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) in stabilizing and reducing the size of the in‐situ formed Ru nanoparticles, which is essential for catalytic activity. The applicability of this protocol is further demonstrated through the synthesis of a library of 3,4‐ and 3,4,5‐isoxazoles from a wide range of terminal and internal alkynes with varying physical states and electronic properties that highlights the potential of this method for the synthesis of more complex target molecules.
Direct Z‐Scheme Heterostructure of Nanoparticle‐CdSe on Nanorod‐NaNbO3: Facile Hydro‐thermal Construction and Superior Photocatalytic Activity and Stability in H2 Evolution
Authors: Gao Linlin , Chang Shengyuan , Gu Huajun , Zhang Huihui , Huang Yamei , Wang Xinglin , Li Qin , Dai Wei‐Lin
Published: April 2024

The advancement of exceptionally effective catalysts that are photostable is significantly important for the sustainable conversion of solar energy into hydrogen. Combining the strengths of NaNbO3 and CdSe in a fabricated heterojunction has been pursued in photocatalysis to enhance the performance while addressing CdSe′s stability. In this study, nanoparticle‐CdSe was deposited on NaNbO3 nanorods via hydrothermal method, and the optimal composite ratio of CdSe/NaNbO3 heterojunction achieved a photocatalytic hydrogen production of 2510 μmol g−1h−1. The enhancement is ascribed to the formation of a Z‐scheme heterojunction by the interface contact between CdSe and NaNbO3.The migration of electrons from NaNbO3 to CdSe was revealed by charge density difference results in DFT calculation. Work function of samples demonstrated the equilibrium of Fermi level and a corresponding shift of the band structure in the heterojunction. The H adsorption free energy (ΔGH*) for the heterojunction was 0.26 eV, suggesting a reduced energy barrier for hydrogen generation. Notably, the stable structure of NaNbO3 endows the composites with excellent chemical stability, maintaining more than 80 % activity after six hydrogen production cyclic tests. This work offers valuable insights into the development of direct Z‐scheme structure catalysts for photocatalytic water splitting.
Chemically Self–Chargeable Batteries and Devices Beyond Energy Installation
Authors: Yuan Zhongke , Luo Guanghao , Yu Dingshan , Chen Xudong
Published: April 2024

Self–charging devices integrating ambient energy conversion technologies into batteries are attracting extensive attention in interdisciplinary research fields. However, the integrated devices such solar/mechanical/heat chargeable systems rely on the accessibility of the energy and possess rather complicated configuration. In recent years, the chemically self–chargeable batteries and devices have attracted wide attention due to its self–powering functionality, simplified pact structure and environment adaptability. This minireview will focus on the connotation and denotation of the chemically self–chargeable batteries and representative applications beyond conventional energy installations.
Intramolecular Cyclopropanation of Active Methylene Derivatives Based on FeCl2 or FeCl3‐Promoted Radical‐Polar Crossover Reactions
Authors: Yoshioka Eito , Imoto Yuuki , Yamaoka Yousuke , Ikeda Tomoko , Takahashi Hiroki , Tanaka Ryousuke , Hayashi Naoki , Miyabe Hideto
Published: April 2024

Radical‐polar crossover reactions were studied for the intramolecular cyclopropanation of active methylene derivatives. In the presence of FeCl3 as a stoichiometric oxidant and K2HPO4 as a base, the dehydrogenative cyclopropanation of active methylenes proceeded through the FeCl3‐promoted oxidative radical cyclization followed by the ionic cyclization to give the bicyclic cyclopropanes. The use of α‐chloro‐active methylenes leads the subcatalytic cyclopropanation involving two redox pathways. In the presence of K2HPO4, the redox cyclopropanation proceeded by using FeCl2 (20 mol%) in combination with ligand (20 mol%).
Investigation Into Novel Mukanadin B, Mukanadin D and Mukanadin F Derivatives as Antagonists of 5‐HT1A Signalling
Authors: Rees Shaun W. P. , Rees Tayla A. , van Rensburg Michelle , Walker Christopher S. , Pilkington Lisa I. , Barker David
Published: April 2024

Marine bromopyrrole alkaloids are a diverse family of natural products with a large array of biological applications. The mukanadin family is a group of molecules consisting of seven members (mukanadin A‐G) that possess a range of biological activities. Inhibition of serotonergic signaling has been demonstrated by mukanadin B derivatives, presenting this chemical scaffold as a candidate for further SAR exploration. A library of thirteen novel mukanadin B and D derivatives with structural variation targeted at the pyrrole ring, central linker and hydantoin ring, were synthesized. These analogues were subsequently assessed for serotonergic antagonism, in addition to natural products, mukanadin B, D, F and 9‐hydroxy mukanadin B. A collection of compounds exhibited significant 5‐HT1A signaling, including five of the novel derivatives and two of the naturally occurring bromopyrroles, mukanadin B and F. Particular SAR information could be determined from these results, such as modification of the pyrrole ring being a well‐tolerated strategy for improving serotonergic inhibition. Other changes to the pharmacophore led to significant reduction in activity such as saturation of the linker region, or no conclusive improvement in inhibitory activity such as a 9‐OH group or replacement of the hydantoin ring with a triazole moiety.
Selective Deep Hydrogenation of Acenaphthene to High‐Density Fuel On Supported Ru Catalysts: The Role of Strong Metal‐Support Interaction
Authors: Guo Zhen , Niu Xiaopo , Liu Danni , Wu Guiling , Zhao Wenli , Qin Yue , Zhang Kaige , Jiang Nan , Zhang Xiangwen , Wang Qingfa
Published: April 2024

Developing high‐performance aviation fuel is highly desired for the rapid development of supersonic aircraft. Herein, selective deep hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatics to a high‐density fuel is developed over a Ru‐based catalyst. The influences of strong Ru‐support interaction on tailoring the reaction pathways of acenaphthene hydrogenation were investigated using different oxide supports (SiO2, CeO2, TiO2). Ru/CeO2 and Ru/TiO2 with strong SMSI possess abundant electron‐deficient Ruδ+ species which exhibit a good ability to promote H2 dissociation and increase the isomerization rate of saturated aromatic compounds. Due to the enhanced adsorption of aromatic molecules, Ru/CeO2 (1.30 μmol min−1 g−1) exhibits superior catalytic activity in comparison to Ru/TiO2 (1.25 μmol min−1 g−1) during acenaphthene hydrosaturation, while Ru/TiO2 exhibits the highest isomerization reaction rate (7.60×10−2 μmol min−1 g−1) because of its excellent hydrogen spillover ability and high content of Ruδ+ species. The best catalytic activity with 96 % selectivity of ccc‐perhydroacenaphthene was achieved on Ru/TiO2, and an isomerization mechanism of perhydroacenaphthene isomers was proposed.
High throughput screening aids clinical decision‐making in refractory acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Jessop S. J. , Fuentos‐Bolanos N. , Mayoh C. , Dolman M. E. M. , Tax G. , Wong‐Erasmus M. , Ajuyah P. , Tyrell V. , Marshall G. M. , Ziegler D. S. , Lau L. M. S.
Published: April 2024

Background

Despite advances in therapeutics for adverse‐risk acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), overall survival remains poor, especially in refractory disease. Comprehensive tumour profiling and pre‐clinical drug testing can identify effective personalised therapies.

Case

We describe a case of ETV6‐MECOM fusion‐positive refractory AML, where molecular analysis and in vitro high throughput drug screening identified a tolerable, novel targeted therapy and provided rationale for avoiding what could have been a toxic treatment regimen. Ruxolitinib combined with hydroxyurea led to disease control and enhanced quality‐of‐life in a patient unsuitable for intensified chemotherapy or allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Conclusion

This case report demonstrates the feasibility and role of combination pre‐clinical high throughput screening to aid decision making in high‐risk leukaemia. It also demonstrates the role a JAK1/2 inhibitor can have in the palliative setting in select patients with AML.
A Comparative Study of the Effects of Different Crosslinking Methods on the Physicochemical Properties of Collagen Multifilament Bundles
Authors: Rasouli Rahimeh , Yaghoobi Hessameddin , Frampton John
Published: April 2024

Crosslinking is usually required to improve the mechanical properties and stability of collagen‐based scaffolds. Introducing exogenous crosslinks into collagen may however affect the collagen structure. Since the architecture of collagen is tied to its functionality, it is important to study the effect of crosslinking and to select a crosslinking method that preserves both the collagen structure and mechanical properties. The objective of this study is to compare the effect of various crosslinking methods on the structure and mechanical properties of bioartificial tendon‐like materials (collagen multifilament bundles) fabricated by contact drawing. We examine both physical (ultraviolet light, UVC) and chemical (genipin, carbodiimide (EDC), and glutaraldehyde) crosslinking methods. The presence of collagen and the formation of well‐ordered collagen structures are confirmed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared spectromicroscopy and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering for all crosslinking methods. The morphology of the collagen multifilament bundles is similar across crosslinking methods. Swelling of the multifilament bundles is dramatically reduced following crosslinking and varies by crosslinking method, with genipin‐ and carbodiimide‐crosslinked specimens swelling the least. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Young's modulus significantly improve for all crosslinked specimens compared to non‐crosslinked specimens. Glutaraldehyde crosslinked collagen multifilament bundles display the highest UTS values ranging from 33.82±0.0 MPa to 45.59±0.76 MPa.
Daily Levels and Dynamic Metrics of Affective–Cognitive Constructs Associate With Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviours in Adults After Psychiatric Hospitalization
Authors: Wallace Gemma T. , Brick Leslie A. , Provost Emily Mower , Peters Jessica R. , Miller Ivan W. , Schatten Heather T.
Published: April 2024

The period after psychiatric hospitalization is an extraordinarily high‐risk period for suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STBs). Affective–cognitive constructs (ACCs) are salient risk factors for STBs, and intensive longitudinal metrics of these constructs may improve personalized risk detection and intervention. However, limited research has examined how within‐person daily levels and between‐person dynamic metrics of ACCs relate to STBs after hospital discharge. Adult psychiatric inpatients (N = 95) completed a 65‐day ecological momentary assessment protocol after discharge as part of a 6‐month follow‐up period. Using dynamic structural equation models, we examined both within‐person daily levels and between‐person dynamic metrics (intensity, variability and inertia) of positive and negative affect, rumination, distress intolerance and emotion dysregulation as risk factors for STBs. Within‐person lower daily levels of positive affect and higher daily levels of negative affect, rumination, distress intolerance and emotion dysregulation were risk factors for next‐day suicidal ideation (SI). Same‐day within‐person higher rumination and negative affect were also risk factors for same‐day SI. At the between‐person level, higher overall positive affect was protective against active SI and suicidal behaviour over the 6‐month follow‐up, while greater variability of rumination and distress intolerance increased risk for active SI, suicidal behaviour and suicide attempt. The present study provides the most comprehensive examination to date of intensive longitudinal metrics of ACCs as risk factors for STBs. Results support the continued use of intensive longitudinal methods to improve STB risk detection. Interventions focusing on rumination and distress intolerance may specifically help to prevent suicidal crises during critical transitions in care.
Evaluation and selection of cassava clones and exploitation of genetic covariance across multiple environments
Authors: Santos Vanderlei da Silva , Pereira Helcio Duarte , Abreu Guilherme Barbosa , Santiago Carlos Martins
Published: April 2024

Clonal evaluation trials of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), where the main selection of this crop takes place, are usually carried out in multiple environments. This study investigated the influence of genotype–environment (GE) interaction on selection and how to explore genetic information across environments in a mixed model approach by modeling different genetic covariance structures. Approximately 240 cassava clones were assessed in an augmented block design during the 2020/2021 growing season in Brazil. The unstructured model was the best suited and used to investigate several strategies of selection. The predicted genetic gains based on individual analyses varied greatly among environments (5.52%–12.62% for root yield; 1.00%–6.09% for dry matter content; and 4.01%–9.42% for dry matter yield), although the clones mean was similar. Moreover, most of the selected clones in each environment outperformed the best check (>80%), except for root yield and dry matter yield in one environment. By multi‐environment analysis, greater local gains were detected in each environment (means of 16.87% for root yield, 5.56% for dry matter content, and 17.27% for dry matter yield) and for mean heritability (0.52 for root yield, 0.76 for dry matter content, and 0.55 for dry matter yield). The coincidence of clones selected by individual and multi‐environment analyses was 64% for root yield, 73% for dry matter content, and 66% for dry matter yield. The best scenario for selection is when all environments are considered simultaneously, for which regional genetic gains of 16.71% were predicted for root yield, 5.40% for dry matter content, and 17.06% for dry matter yield.
Rational Conversion of Imine Linkages to Amide Linkages in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Oxidation with Enhanced Photostability
Authors: Xue Rui , Liu Yin‐Sheng , Wang Ming‐Yue , Guo Hao , Yang Wu , Guo Ji‐Xi , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: April 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and their applications in photocatalysis have been extensively studied, but the instability of imine‐linked COFs is an important factor limiting their performance. In this work, two imine‐linked COFs were successfully converted to amide‐linked COFs through post synthetic modification (PSM). The oxidized COFs presented lower binding energy to O2, exhibited higher photocatalytic activity for oxidation of thioethers and coupling of benzylamines with excellent stability. The present work can serve as a reliable reference for the development of novel highly active and stable COF‐based photocatalysts.
Deep improved bidirectional long short‐term memory‐based antenna selection for multiple input multiple output software defined radio system
Authors: Chilveri Purushottam G.
Published: April 2024

Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) constitutes a wireless approach that employs several senders and receivers in order to send numerous data at once. Due to the rapid increase of cellular mobile device usage and the limitation of computing power, antenna selection (AS) has attracted more and more attention recently. AS can keep a balance between communication performance and computational complexity. In this paper, a novel deep learning (DL)‐based AS for MIMO software defined radio (SDR) system is proposed. The main objective of this work is to select the optimal antennas in MIMO systems to balance the efficiency of communication and maximize the secrecy capacity in massive MIMOME channels. First, we set up a DL‐based AS‐aided MIMO SDR environment that ensures intelligent decisions for AS. Accordingly, the hybrid loss function induced in bidirectional long short term memory (HLFI‐Bi‐LSTM) model is proposed to build the decision server, in which it takes some estimated features as input. The features such as channel state information, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and antenna gain are considered accordingly as the input to HLFI‐Bi‐LSTM. The HLFI‐Bi‐LSTM model is the extended version of Bi‐LSTM, which is improved by inducing the hybrid loss function, which is the combination of two functions namely, combo loss and inverse mean square error. The proposed HLFI‐Bi‐LSTM attained the greater accuracy value of 0.968 at 80% for optimal selection of the antenna.
Tackling global crises with the Humanities: Jonathan Bate talks about ASU's new BA in Culture, Technology, and Environment
Authors: May Rachel
Published: April 2024

Arizona State University recently announced their new BA program in Culture, Technology, and Environment, which “engages all three” of their “humanities schools to uncover how English, film, history, language, culture, religion, and philosophy can work together to solve the significant issues that societies and environments face.” ASU's is the first US undergraduate program to combine culture, technology, and environment, and is available online or face‐to‐face, which allows students to engage as suits their learning style, and for those already in the workforce, to continue to hold employment while pursuing their degree.
The drivers of benthic macroinvertebrates communities along a subtropical river system: Sediments chemistry or water quality?
Authors: Munyai Linton F. , Malungani Annah , Ikudayisi Akinola , Mutoti Mulalo I.
Published: April 2024

Impacts of metal pollution, either on water or in sediments within aquatic systems have been a serious challenge globally. Little is known about the ecological impacts of metal pollution on benthic macroinvertebrates species in sub–tropical river systems. The aim of this study was to examine benthic macroinvertebrates community composition in relation to sediment metal concentrations and other physicochemical variables in the Mutshundudi River system. Benthic macroinvertebrates sampling and community composition analysis, sediment collection, processing, metal analysis and assessment of water variables in the river system were done across two seasons at 12 sampling sites. The river was categorized into three segments: upstream, midstream and downstream. The results from geo‐accumulation (Igeo) values showed that sediments were loaded with Na, Zn, and B in all river segments. In comparison with South African water quality guidelines for aquatic ecosystems, water quality ranged from good at upstream sites because of low anthropogenic activities to very poor in downstream sites because of high anthropogenic activities. Sediments from the Mutshundudi River showed significant differences on high concentrations of metals (i.e., Mg, K, Na, and Cu) and seasonal variations. Both water quality and sediment chemistry were considered the driving factors of benthic macroinvertebrates, since species densities and composition reduced with a decline in water and sediment quality during both cool–dry and hot–wet seasons. Continuous build‐up of the metal contaminants, such as Mg, K, Na, and Cu in river sediments may pose adverse impacts on macroinvertebrate community structure.
Catalytic Hydroxyethylation of Phenols with Renewable Ethylene Glycol Diester as an Alternative to Ethylene Oxide
Authors: Luo Yu‐Ji , Li Zhi
Published: April 2024

Polyol esters are abundant bio‐based resources. Integration of polyol esters into the production chain of fine chemicals would reduce carbon emissions and improve the sustainability of the chemical industry. An efficient synthetic route to phenoxyethanols was developed through catalytic hydroxyethylation of phenols with ethylene glycol diacetate as the reagent. This method showed the potential of ethylene glycol diester as a safe and sustainable substitute for ethylene oxide, a useful but toxic reagent. A variety of phenoxyethanol esters were produced in high yield under simple catalytic conditions. Mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction underwent a neighboring group participation process.
A greedy randomized adaptive search procedure for scheduling IoT tasks in virtualized fog–cloud computing
Authors: Salimi Rezvan , Azizi Sadoon , Abawajy Jemal
Published: April 2024

Virtualized fog–cloud computing (VFCC) has emerged as an optimal platform for processing the increasing number of emerging Internet of Things (IoT) applications. VFCC resources are provisioned to IoT applications in the form of virtual machines (VMs). Effectively utilizing VMs for diverse IoT tasks with varying requirements poses a significant challenge due to their heterogeneity in processing power, communication delay, and energy consumption. In addressing this challenge, in this article, we propose a system model for scheduling IoT tasks in VFCCs, considering not only individual task deadlines but also the system's overall energy consumption. Subsequently, we employ a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP) to determine the optimal assignment of IoT tasks among VMs. GRASP, a metaheuristic‐based technique, offers appealing characteristics, including simplicity, ease of implementation, a limited number of tuning parameters, and the potential for parallel implementation. Our comprehensive experiments evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, comparing its performance with the most advanced algorithms. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the existing methods in terms of deadline satisfaction ratio, average response time, energy consumption, and makespan.
How rural school teachers can support the learning adjustment of left‐behind children under the ‘double‐reduction’ policy
Authors: Pi Xuedi , Huang Jianping , Niu Jiong
Published: April 2024

Quality‐oriented education under the guidance of the ‘Double Reduction’ policy aims to ensure all children grow in an all‐around way with different backgrounds. However, many left‐behind children (LBC) whose parents work away in cities have a greater tendency toward academic and mental problems compared with non‐left‐behind children. Teachers are the important adults in the lives of the LBC who spend much time staying with each other. This study draws from interviews with 16 rural primary and secondary school teachers. Guided by social support theory, this qualitative research highlighted the importance of teacher support on children's learning adjustment through social support networks. It argued that strategic guidance of teachers targets individuals' difficulties in the environment through emotional support, material support, information support and companionship. Under the ‘Double Reduction’ policy, teachers adopted tiered instruction and offered after‐school services to meet the needs of LBC. Finally, the result revealed that rural teachers help LBC change their learning attitudes, thereby promoting self‐learning ability.
A NICE approach to addressing health inequalities in breast cancer guidance
Authors: Slade Eric , Luckham Kirsty , Owen Lesley
Published: April 2024

Key points

NICE seeks to reduce health inequalities through its guidance.

NICE uses equality and health inequalities assessment (EHIA) to identify and address health inequalities.

A health inequalities briefing was developed for breast cancer‐related guidance to consider and address health inequalities more systematically.

The committee made recommendations that consider the impact of health inequalities on access and adherence.

Further research is recommended for interventions targeting specific population subgroups.

The health inequalities briefing identified late diagnosis and screening variations as key issues among deprived women and ethnic minority groups, which was passed on to the National Institute for Health and Care Research as a research priority.
Do mother's socialization goals in early childhood predict children's later self?
Authors: Tõugu Pirko , Tamm Anni , Tulviste Tiia
Published: April 2024

In this study, maternal socialization goals in early childhood were linked to qualities of children's self in middle childhood, while also considering maternal education and child gender. Estonian mothers (N = 209; Mage = 33.6; 52.2% had university education) provided ratings of their socialization goals for children (52.2% girls; Mage = 6.2), children's self was gauged 4 years later. The more mothers endorsed social conformity‐related socialization goals, the fewer different autonomy‐related (β = −0.15) and relatedness‐related qualities of self (β = −0.21) their children had in their descriptions of themselves and their autobiographical memories. Mothers' self‐maximization socialization goals were not linked to the qualities of children's self. Mothers without a university degree endorsed social conformity‐related socialization goals more than mothers with a university degree (β = −0.20). Girls referred to more relatedness‐related qualities than boys (β = 0.23). The results show that maternal socialization goals do not always have a straightforward effect on different qualities of children's self. Yet, conformity‐related goals by mothers predict the qualities of children's later self.

Highlights

Children's self is predicted by gender and earlier maternal socialization goals.

Mother's social conformity‐related socialization goals predict children's later self.

Self‐maximization related socialization goals are not linked to children's self.