bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Say on Pay Laws, Executive Compensation, CEO Pay Slice, and Firm Value Around the World
Authors: Correa Ricardo , Lel Ugur
Published: August 2019

This paper examines the effects of say on pay (SoP) laws on CEO compensation, the portion of top management pay captured by CEOs, and firm valuation. Using a large cross-country sample of about 103,000 firm-year observations from 39 countries, we document that compared to our control group of firms, SoP laws are associated with 1) a lower level of CEO compensation, which partly results from lower CEO compensation growth rates and is related to CEO power, 2) a higher pay for performance sensitivity suggesting that SoP laws have the greatest effects on firms with poor performance, 3) a lower portion of total top management pay awarded to CEOs indicating lower pay inequality among top managers and 4) a higher firm value, which is related to whether the CEO's share of total top management pay was relatively high before the laws are passed. Further, while both mandatory and advisory SoP laws are associated with lower CEO pay levels, only advisory SoP laws tighten the sensitivity of executiv
Global Financial Conditions, Country Spreads and Macroeconomic Fluctuations in Emerging Countries
Authors: Akinci Özge
Published: August 2019

This paper uses a panel structural vector autoregressive (VAR) model to investigate the extent to which global financial conditions, i.e., a global risk-free interest rate and global financial risk, and country spreads contribute to macroeconomic fluctuations in emerging countries. The main findings are: (1) Global financial risk shocks explain about 20 percent of movements both in the country spread and in the aggregate activity in emerging economies. (2) The contribution of global risk-free interest rate shocks to macroeconomic fluctuations in emerging economies is negligible. Its role, which was emphasized in the literature, is taken up by global financial risk shocks. (3) Country spread shocks explain about 15 percent of the business cycles in emerging economies. (4) Interdependence between economic activity and the country spread is a key mechanism through which global financial shocks are transmitted to emerging economies.
'Fool Me Once . . . ' Did U.S. Investors Play it Safer in the European Debt Crisis?
Authors: Bertaut Carol C. , Cai Fang , Kim Nyssa
Published: August 2019

This paper examines U.S. investors&amp;amp;#x27; portfolio investment patterns since the global financial crisis, particularly since the European debt crisis that began in late 2009. The global financial crisis during 2007-2009 was accompanied by an increase in U.S. investors&amp;amp;#x27; home bias. U.S. investors experienced significant valuation losses and pulled back notably from their foreign investment, especially from foreign debt. In contrast, while they have also incurred sizable losses on cross-border investment during the European debt crisis, U.S. investors so far have not shown any increase in home bias, and they have not even pulled back from their long-term investments in Europe. Holdings data show that U.S. investors have continued to invest in European securities, particularly in government debt, but have made little new investment in the financial sector. This continued interest in European securities could owe to the fact that most of U.S. holdings of European debt have been concentrated in dollar-denominated debt issued by core euro area countries and the United Kingdom, which are deemed relatively safe. Changes in the composition of holdings over the past couple years suggest that U.S. investors have behaved in a way that reflects their diversity and differing objectives: while investors reached for higher yields in government debt, there also appears to be some shift toward safer investment in the financial sector.
Are Long-Term Inflation Expectations Well Anchored in Brazil, Chile and Mexico?
Authors: De Pooter Michiel D. , Robitaille Patrice T. , Walker Ian A. , Zdinak Michael
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we consider whether long-term inflation expectations have become better anchored in Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. We do so using survey-based measures as well as financial market-based measures of long-term inflation expectations, where we construct the market-based measures from daily prices on nominal and inflation-linked bonds. This paper is the first to examine the evidence from Brazil and Mexico, making use of the fact that markets for longterm government debt have become better developed over the past decade. We find that inflation expectations have become much better anchored over the past decade in all three countries, as a testament to the improved credibility of the central banks in these countries when it comes to keeping inflation low. That said, one-year inflation compensation in the far future displays some sensitivity to at least one macroeconomic data release per country. However, the impact of these releases is small and it does not appear that investors systematically alter their expectations for inflation as a result of surprises in monetary policy, consumer prices, or real activity variables. Finally, long-run inflation expectations in Brazil appear to have been less well anchored than in Chile and Mexico.
Menu Costs, Trade Flows, and Exchange Rate Volatility
Authors: Lewis Logan
Published: August 2019

U.S. imports and exports respond little to exchange rate changes in the short run. Pricing behavior has long been thought central to explaining this response: if local prices do not respond to exchange rates, neither will trade flows. Sticky prices and strategic complementarities in price setting generate sluggish responses, and they are necessary to match newly available international micro price data. Using trade flow data, I test models capable of replicating these trade price data. Even with significant pricing frictions, the models still imply a trade response to exchange rates stronger than found in the data. Moreover, using significant cross-sector heterogeneity, comparative statics implied by the model find little to no support in the data. These results suggest that while complementarity in price setting and sticky prices can explain pricing patterns, some other short-run friction is needed to match actual trade flows. Furthermore, the muted response found for sectors with high long-run substitutability implies that simply assuming low elasticities may be inappropriate. Finally, there is evidence of an asymmetric response to exchange rate changes.
Returns to Active Management: The Case of Hedge Funds
Authors: Kazemi Maziar , Islamaj Ergys
Published: August 2019

Do more active hedge fund managers generate higher returns than their less active peers? We attempt to answer this question. Using Kalman Filter techniques, we estimate the risk exposure dynamics of a large sample of live and dead equity long-short hedge funds. These estimates are then used to develop a measure of activeness for each hedge fund. Our results show that there exists a nonlinear relationship between activeness and performance. Using raw returns as a measure of performance, it is found that more active funds outperform the less active ones. However, when risk adjusted returns are used to measure performance, we find the opposite results; that is, activeness is inversely related to returns. Still, we find that a few very active managers outperform the moderately active funds and generate higher returns. We conclude that the most active managers use their skills to manage the riskiness of their portfolios and are, therefore, able to provide higher risk adjusted returns. Finally, we find that compared to the least active managers, the most active managers are less homogeneous and, therefore, due diligence is far more important when selecting an active manager.
The Impact of Regional and Sectoral Productivity Changes on the U.S. Economy
Authors: Caliendo Lorenzo , Parro Fernando , Rossi-Hansberg Esteban , Sarte Pierre-Daniel G.
Published: August 2019

We study the impact of regional and sectoral productivity changes on the U.S. economy. To that end, we consider an environment that captures the effects of interregional and intersectoral trade in propagating disaggregated productivity changes at the level of a sector in a given U.S. state to the rest of the economy. The quantitative model we develop features pairwise interregional trade across all 50 U.S. states, 26 traded and non-traded industries, labor as a mobile factor, and structures and land as an immobile factor. We allow for sectoral linkages in the form of an intermediate input structure that matches the U.S. input-output matrix. Using data on trade flows by industry between states, as well as other regional and industry data, we obtain the aggregate, regional and sectoral elasticities of measured TFP, GDP, and employment to regional and sectoral productivity changes. We find that such elasticities can vary significantly depending on the sectors and regions affected and are importantly determined by the spatial structure of the US economy. We highlight the role of these elasticities by tracing out the effects of productivity gains in California in the Computers and Electronics industry between 2002 and 2007 on all other U.S. sectors and regions.
Growth-Led Exports: Is Variety the Spice of Trade?
Authors: Gagnon Joseph E.
Published: August 2019

Fast-growing countries tend to experience rapid export growth with little secular change in their terms of trade. This contradicts the standard Armington trade model, which predicts that fast-growing countries can experience rapid export growth only to the extent that they accept declining terms of trade. This paper generalizes the monopolistic competition trade model of Helpman and Krugman (1985), providing a basis for growth-led exports without declining terms of trade. The key mechanism behind this result is that fast-growing countries are able to develop new varieties of products that can be exported without pushing down the prices of existing products. There is strong support for the new model in long-run export growth of many countries in the post-war era.
İran’da Nasırüddin Şah ve Muzafferüddin Şah Dönemlerinde İngiltere ve Rusya’ya Verilen İmtiyazlar (1848-1906)
Authors: KARADENİZ Yılmaz
Published: August 2019

İran’ın Nasırüddin Şah ve Muzafferüddin Şah
dönemlerinde İngiltere ve Rusya tarafından yarı sömürge durumuna getirilmesi
süreci Kaçar idaresinin siyasi olarak yıpratılmasıyla birlikte başlamıştır.
İngiltere, bu işin merkezinde olmuş, Rusya’yı ise kendi siyasi ve ekonomik
menfaatleri doğrultusunda yönlendirmiştir. Rusya’nın İran’ın kuzeyinde askeri
ve iktisadi nüfuz kurmasına ses çıkarmayarak veyahut aracı olarak, bu devletin
güneydeki petrol bölgelerine sarkmasını önlemiştir. Nasırüddin Şah’ın idari
olarak dışarıdan gelen hamleleri savuşturacak kabiliyette olmaması ve mali
olarak İngiltere ve Rusya’ya yönelerek borçlanması, bu iki devletin İran’dan
imtiyaz almada bağımsızlık sınırlarını zorlamalarına yol açmıştır.
Muzafferüddin Şah’ın döneminde verilen imtiyazlar ile yerli üretim durma
noktasına gelmiş, dışarıdan getirtilen işçiler üzerinden yapılan misyonerlik
faaliyetleri iç dengeleri iyice bozmuştur. İngiliz ve Rus sermayedarlar
tarafından alınan imtiyazlar ve İran’ın ağır borç yükü altına sokulması, iki
devletin burada kurduğu bankalar üzerinden gerçekleşmiştir. Petrol ve
madenlerin çıkartılması için alınan imtiyazların içerisine arkeolojik kazı
yapma maddeleri de eklenerek Pers ve Sasani dönemi hazineleri ve eserleri talan
edilmiştir. İran’dan kendi sanayilerine hammadde taşımak için alınan demiryolu
ve telgraf hatları imtiyazları bütün İran topraklarının uzmanlarca taranmasına
sebep olmuştur. İngiltere’nin kurduğu Bank-ı Şahinşahi ve Rusya’nın kurduğu
Bank-ı İstikrazi aracılığıyla Kaçar hükümetinin borçlanması sağlanarak siyasi
ve ekonomik nüfuz ile birlikte geri kalmışlık psikolojisi kabul ettirilmiştir.
EĞİTSEL ROBOT SETLERİ İLE FEN ve TEKNOLOJİ DERSİ BASİT MAKİNALAR KONUSUNUN ORTAOKUL 7. SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN STEM BECERİ DÜZEYLERİNE VE DERSE DÖNÜK TUTUMLARINA ETKİS
Authors: KORKMAZ Özgen , ACAR Bahadır , ÇAKIR Recep , UĞUR ERDOĞMUŞ Feray , ÇAKIR Esra
Published: August 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı, eğitsel robot setlerinden Lego Mindstorms Ev3 tabanlı etkinliklerin ortaokul 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin Fen ve Teknoloji dersine karşı tutumlarına ve STEM beceri düzeylerine etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada karma yöntem kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın nicel boyutunu yarı deneysel desen oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın nitel boyutunda görüşme formu ile nitel veri toplanmış ve içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada verilerin toplanmasında “Fen ve Teknoloji (FT) Dersine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği”, “STEM Beceri Düzeyleri Algı Ölçeği” ve 16 açık uçlu sorudan oluşan görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Fen ve Teknoloji (FT) Dersine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği 5 faktörden ve 20 maddeden oluşmakta ve iç tutarlılık katsayısı α= 0,8739’dur. STEM Beceri Düzeyleri Algı Ölçeği ise 3 faktör, 38 maddeden oluşmakta ve iç tutarlılık katsayısı α=0,969’dur. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 57 7. Sınıf öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Deney grubunda basit makinalar konusu işlendikten sonra, Lego eğitim setleri kullanılarak öğrencilerin basit makinalar tasarlamaları sağlanmış, ayrıca basit makinaların kullanıldığı robotlar yapmaları istenmiştir. Kontrol grubunda ise konu geleneksel yöntemle anlatılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler üzerinde aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma ile t testi yapılmış ve nitel verilerin de ışığında şu sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır: STEM eğitim yaklaşımının temel STEM beceri düzeylerine anlamlı düzeyde ve derse dönük tutumlarına kısmen katkı sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca öğrencilerin derse karşı ilgisinde artış olduğunu belirlenmiştir.
BİLİŞSEL ETNOGRAFYA: KURAMSAL ÇERÇEVELER, YÖNTEMLER VE SÜREÇLER
Authors: ASLAN Orhan , DÖNMEZ Mehmet , DOĞAN Sibel , YILDIRIM Soner
Published: August 2019

Bilişsel etnografyanın temel amacı, var olan
bir görev ya da problem için bireyin zihinsel sürecinin derinliklerine inmek ve
sürece ait basamakları sorgulamaktır. Böylece, bireyin öğrenme sürecindeki
deneyimleri incelenerek, daha etkin bir öğrenme sağlanabilmektedir. Bu çalışma,
bilişsel etnografya araştırma yöntemini kullanmak isteyen ancak deneyimi
olmayan araştırmacılara, bir bilişsel etnografya çalışmasının nasıl
yürütülebileceği, nasıl veri toplanıp analiz edileceği hakkında rehberlik
sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın ilk kısmında, bilişsel etnografyanın
kuramsal çerçevesi açıklanmıştır. İkinci kısmında, veri toplama ve analiz
sürecine odaklanılarak bilişsel etnografya yöntemi detaylı olarak
anlatılmıştır. Son kısımda ise, örnek bir bilişsel etnografya çalışması
verilerek, sürecin somutlaştırılması hedeflenmiştir.
FARKLI KISA SÜRELİ BELLEK UZAMLARINA SAHİP ÖĞRENCİLERİN FARKLI DİKKAT TASARIMINA SAHİP ÖĞRENME ORTAMLARINDAKİ GÖZ HAREKETLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: AKÇAY Arif , ALTUN Arif
Published: August 2019

Öğrenme ortamlarında öğrencinin dikkatinin asıl bilgiye
odaklanması ve dikkatinin bölünmemesi için bilgi sunumlarının konumsal ve
zamansal olarak birbirleriyle entegre edilerek tasarlanması gereklidir. Tasarım
durumlarının yanı sıra öğrenciler arasındaki bilişsel bireysel farklılıklar
bilgi işleme süreci üzerinde etkilidir. Çalışmada bilişsel bireysel farklılık
olarak ele alınan kısa süreli bellek (KSB), bilgi işleme kuramlarında önemli
yeri olan duyusal reseptörler ile bilgiyi alıp uzun süreli bellekte kalıcı
olmasını sağlayan geçici bellektir. Öğrenme ortamlarının tasarımlarının bilgi
işleme süreci üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilirken KSB kapasiteleri göz
önünde bulundurulması gereklidir. Öğrenme ortamlarının değerlendirilmesi ve
öğrencilerin bilgi işleme sürecine yönelik çıkarımlarda bulunmak için
kullanılan yöntemlerden biri de göz izleme yöntemidir. Bu çalışmada farklı KSB
uzamlarına sahip öğrencilerin farklı dikkat tasarımlarına yönelik oluşturulan
öğrenme ortamlarındaki göz hareketlerinin bireysel farklılıklar çerçevesinde
incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada yarı deneysel desenlerden rastgele
atamalı eşleştirilmiş desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya bir devlet
üniversitesinden 26 öğrenci katılım göstermiştir. Öğrencilerin KSB düzeylerini
belirlemek için Görsel İşitsel Sayı Dizileri Testi B (GİSD-B) Formu
kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin KSB uzamları belirlendikten sonra odaklanmış
dikkat tasarımına veya bölünmüş dikkat tasarımına sahip materyaller ile öğrenim
görmesi için rastgele gruplara ayrılmıştır. Öğrenciler materyaller ile öğrenim
görürken kullanılan göz izleme aracı ile göz hareketlerine ilişkin veriler elde
edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda farklı KSB uzamlarına sahip öğrencilerin farklı
dikkat tasarımlarına sahip öğrenme materyallerinde yapmış oldukları göz
hareketleri ile bilgi işleme süreçlerine yönelik çıkarımlar yapılmış, çeşitli
önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
La quimera del euro-. Acerca de algunos elementos compositivos en español
Authors: García Palacios Joaquín
Published: August 2019

La quimera del euro-. Acerca de algunos elementos compositivos en español.
[e-diccion@rios Espasa]. CD-ROM, Madrid, Espasa-Calpe, 2000. ISBN: 84-239-7011-6
Authors: Gago Jover Francisco
Published: August 2019

Reseña: [e-diccion@rios Espasa]. CD-ROM, Madrid, Espasa-Calpe, 2000. ISBN: 84-239-7011-6.
“Uno se resigna a que el transporte es así”: trabajadoras domésticas sindicalizadas atravesando Medellín
Authors: Montoya Valentina
Published: August 2019

There are more than 700.000 paid domestic workers in Colombia. Since the 80’s, with the massive urbanization process in Latin America, most of them went from being “in-house” to “external” workers, commuting daily from their homes to their work sites located in their employers’ houses. This shift exponentially augmented their commuting times, without transportation planners adjusting the situation. The history of UTRASD (the Afro-Colombian domestic workers’ union created in Medellín) evidences how, despite its success in the recognition of labor rights in the national arena, in the local space they are far from exercising their right to mobility. Based on qualitative fieldwork, I will use the traditional social movement’s theory to evidence how 1) the absence of political opportunities, 2) the limited financial and human resources, and 3) the creation of particular frames of meaning, have limited UTRASD from fighting for quality mobility in Medellín.
Concurrent detection of cagA, vacA, sodB and hsp60 virulence genes and their relationship with clinical outcomes of disease in Helicobacter pylori isolated strains of southwest of Iran
Authors: Amin Mansour , Shayesteh Ali Akbar , Serajian Amirarsalan
Published: August 2019

Background and Objectives: Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative spiral-shaped bacterium that contaminates more than half of the world's inhabitants, and infection with this bacterium is associated with some gastric disorders. Also, 5% to 10% of H. pylori genes are specific to this bacterium and many bacterial virulence factors fall into this group. The cagA, vacA, sodB and hsp60 are among important virulence factors of H. pylori.
Materials and Methods: A gastric biopsy specimen was taken from 341 gastric patients and cultivated on a Colombia agar plate, containing various antibiotics, such as vancomycin, amphotericin B, and trimethoprim & polymyxin B, and incubated for 3 to 10 days under microaerophilic conditions at 37°C. PCR was used to detect the ureC, cagA, vacA, sodB and hsp60 genes.
Results: In this study, 131 isolates were identified as H. pylori. The prevalence of cagA, vacA, sodB and hsp60 were 74%,
100%, 92.4% and 96.2%, respectively. The correlation between the clinical forms of the disease and the virulence genes were
analyzed by statistical tests and no significant correlation was found.
Conclusion: The obtained results are similar to some studies conducted in different parts of the world and is different in other cases. This discrepancy is due to the difference in the type of gastric disorders, sample size and methodology.
Evaluation of antibody responses to outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and killed whole cell of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor in immunized mice
Authors: Sedaghat Manijeh , Siadat Seyed Davar , Mirabzadeh Esmat , Keramati Malihe , Vaziri Farzam , Shafiei Morvarid , Shahcheraghi Fereshteh
Published: August 2019

Background and Objectives: Cholera disease remains an important global health problem affecting 3-5 million subjects worldwide. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been found in a variety of Gram-negative bacteria and act as protective transport vesicles. The aim of this study was to evaluate Immune responses against Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor clinical strain OMV and compare it with killed whole cell (KWC), complex of (KWC-OMV) as well as the internationally licensed oral cholera vaccine, Dukoral, in serum and intestinal secretions of mice.
Materials and Methods: OMVs were prepared by using modified detergent-centrifugation procedure from V. cholerae O1
El Tor clinical strain from 2005 outbreak. The ultrastructure and content of OMVs were investigated via the Scanning Elec- tron Microscopy (SEM) and SDS-PAGE analysis. Three doses of oral immunization were adjusted and total IgG and IgA in serum and intestinal secretion were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: Extracted OMVs from the V. cholerae were spherical vesicles with a size ranging from 10 to 300 nm. OMV-im- munized mice showed an increased level of total IgG and IgA both in serum and intestinal secretion when compared to the negative controls. Also, there existed a higher level of secretory IgA than the total IgG, suggesting the most of protection against V. cholerae colonization provided by sIgA.
Conclusion: Our findings revealed that oral immunization with V. cholerae OMVs might induce a long-term immunity, es- pecially when administered in combination with KWC. This study tested the adjuvant activity of OMVs and may be useful in future nano vaccine research.
The effect of a single-strain probiotic administration in the treatment of thermal burns patients
Authors: Perdanakusuma David S. , Hariani Lynda , Febriany Nasser Nur , Arian Datusanantyo Robertus
Published: August 2019

Background and Objectives: Between 2007 and 2011, the mortality rate for burns patients at Dr. Soetomo General Hospi- tal, Surabaya, Indonesia was 14.1% and 60% were suspected to be sepsis-related. Immunosuppression, gut barrier disruption, and intestinal hypomotility cause bacterial and bacterial product translocation. Probiotics improve the intestinal microbiome and eventually reduce bacterial translocation, and an increased secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) secretion post-adminis- tration of a multi-species probiotic has been observed. We aimed to determine whether a single-strain probiotic administra- tion could show strengthened intestinal immunity, through an increase in SIgA levels, as with multi-strain probiotics. Materials and Methods: Sixteen burns patients from our hospital Burns Centre were randomized into three treatment groups, and the patients were administered either a placebo, a Lactobacillus reuteri protectis probiotic, or a Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 probiotic for 14 consecutive days. The SIgA levels were analyzed using ELISA pre- and post-treatment. Results: The post-treatment SIgA levels in the placebo, Lactobacillus reuteri protectis probiotic, and Bifidobacterium infantis
35624 probiotic groups were 222.56±74.22 mg/dL, 223.92±68.89 mg/dL, and 332.38±64.27 mg/dL, respectively. Decreased SIgA levels were observed in the placebo (7.19±15.87) and in the Lactobacillus reuteri protectis probiotic (1.9920±14.76) groups, whereas an increase was seen in the SIgA level in the Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 probiotic group (58.26±77.41). Conclusion: The Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 single-strain probiotic is generally superior to Lactobacillus reuteri protec- tis in altering intestinal immunity; however, this finding was not statistically significant. A multi-strain probiotic supplement is recommended for burns patients.
Big-Four Auditors and Financial Reporting Quality: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Zandi Gholamreza , Sadiq Muhammad , Mohamad Shafi
Published: August 2019

Purpose of Study: The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether firms audited by big four auditors have better financial reporting quality as compared to firms audited by non-big four auditors in Pakistan.

Methodology: This study examine whether firms are more engaged in real earnings’ management when their ability to manage accruals is constrained by big four auditors. In current study, we find that big four auditors’ have curtailed accrual- based earnings management activities in firms.

Results: However, firms audited by big four auditors are more engaged in costly real earnings’ management activities. The study used a sample of non-financial listed firms in Pakistan over the period of 2009–2016. This study contributes to the field of corporate governance, where it provides deep insight to policy-makers who are interested in improving financial reporting quality in transnational economies.
PENGELOLAAN DANA TABARRU’ ASURANSI JIWA SYARIAH DALAM PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH DI BANK SUMSEL BABEL CABANG SYARIAH BATURAJA
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad
Published: August 2019

The existence of insurance in the modern era which is the embryo of conventional insurance based gharar, maysir, and usury ', making Islamic legal experts react by conducting research and analysis of the issue. The result proves that in Islamic law contains substance of insurance which can avoid the operational principle of gharar, maysir, and usury element '. This study aims to explain how the management of tabarru funds' sharia life insurance in murabahah financing in Bank Sumsel Babel Branch Sharia Baturaja. Insurance company that made the object of research is PT. Asuransi Bangun Askrida Unit Syariah. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. The results concluded that the Management of Tabarru 'Sharia Life Insurance Fund PT. Asuransi Bangun Askrida Syariah Palembang Unit in Murabahah Financing at Bank Sumsel Babel Branch Sharia Baturaja uses insurance product mechanism with non saving element which separates the contribution fund into two parts, that is 42,5% for ujrah manager, and 57,5% for investment of tabarru fund '. If there is an underwriting surplus at the end of the period closing, it will be allocated 30% for Managers, 30% for tabarru 'funds reserves, and 40% for Participants who meet the requirements of obtaining surplus incentives. However, if there is an underwriting deficit in the management of the tabarru funds 'funds, the Insurance Company is obliged to cope with the shortage of tabarru' funds in the form of loans (qardh).
Diplomasi Politik Kesultanan Palembang Dan Kolonial Belanda Tanggal 23 Mei 1803
Authors: Ilham Muhammad
Published: August 2019

Abstract

 

Diplomacy, Politics, Sultanate, Colonial

This research was conducted as an effort to find out how the political diplomacy relations used by the Palembang sultan in establishing relations with Western powers, especially the Dutch Company in the archipelago. Political diplomacy is important because diplomacy is one way to foster and establish friendly relations between one person and people from other countries who aim to collaborate in various interests of the sultanate and government interests. To be able to establish relationships with one another, a device or diplomat is needed to establish the relationship. The main problem discussed in this study is to look at the Codicology, Philology, Transliteration, and Types of diplomacy in the Malay letters made by the Palembang authorities for the Dutch colonial government and also this research aims to find out what reasons and objectives to be achieved in fill in the letters. For this purpose, this type of research includes qualitative research, using secondary and primary sources. Primary sources are obtained from original texts and secondary sources in the form of books relating to the Palembang Sultanate, theses, dissertations and scientific journals. The technique of collecting data is to examine and select selectively then displayed and used in accordance with the time limit, namely the 19th century. After that, the data analysis technique uses descriptive-analytical techniques, namely to describe the full text, then analyze the meanings contained in the method and methods used is a single diplomatic edition method. After that, the writing of history to see and describe the findings in the letter with a historical approach.

 

Keywords: Diplomacy, Politics, Sultanate, Colonial
Resonansi Maharaja Imam Muhammad Basiuni Imran (1885-1976) Di Sambas
Authors: Sunandar Sunandar
Published: August 2019

Abstrak

Penelitian ini berjudul “Resonansi Maharaja Imam Muhammad Basiuni Imran (1885-1976) dan Pengaruhnya dalam Kehidupan Sosial, Budaya, Politik di Sambas”, yaitu berangkat dari peristiwa sejarah bahwa Muhammad Basiuni Imran dilantik menjadi Maharaja Imam, sebuah jabatan agama tertinggi di kesultanan Sambas. Jabatan tersebut bersifat Ascribed Status, yakni kedudukan ini diperoleh yang disebabkan oleh keturunan, ayah dan Kakeknya adalah Maharaja Imam. Akan tetapi ketika jabatan tersebut dipegang oleh Muhammad Basiuni Imran telah terjadi perubahan-perubahan dalam masyarakat Sambas yang disebabkan oleh kondisi sosial, budaya dan politik yang terjadi di Sambas, disamping kemampuannya dalam bidang agama yang mumpuni. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sejarah yang dilakukan dengan empat tahap, yaitu: heuristik, verifikasi, interpretasi dan historiografi dan menggunakan pendekatan sosial dan politik.

 

Abstrac

The research is about "The Resonance of Maharaja Imam Muhammad Basiuni Imran (1885-1976) and Its Impact on Social, Cultural, Political Life in Sambas", which departs from historical events of Muhammad Basiuni Imran was appointed become Maharaja Imam, a highest religious position in the Sambas sultanate . The position is Ascribed Status, namely this position is obtained due to offspring, father and grandfather are Maharaja Imam. However, when the position was held by Muhammad Basiuni Imran there were changes in the Sambas community caused by social, cultural and political conditions that occurred in Sambas, in addition to his ability in the field of qualified religion. This research is a historical research conducted in four stages, namely: heuristics, verification, interpretation and historiography and using social and political approaches
Konstruksi Hukum Adat Pernikahan Masyarakat Melayu Palembang Berdasarkan Syar’iat Islam
Authors: Fahmi Ahmad
Published: August 2019

Marriage is one of the tiers in the life of the society which called “stage a long the life cycle”. The purpose of this research is to obtain the informationa about: First, The Customs Procedures of Marriage for Melayu Palembang People; Second, Islamic Law in Marriage Customs for Melayu Palembang People; Third, The Customs Culture of Marriage for Melayu Palembang People; and Fourth, The Islamic Construction of Marriage Customs for Melayu Palembang People. This Research is using Qualitative Research Methods with Law Sociologist approachment and Islamic Idea, which is focused to the implementation process of marriage based on Islamic and Culture law with performance goals that have been set. The Research several Data was obtained by using interview method which was done to the object of respondent. The results of this research show : First, The customs procedures of marriage for Melayu Palembang people, in the implementation, are use Islamic law however there are some choreography by itself such as pre-marriage and after marriage. The culture of marriage for Melayu Palembang people, is divided into four phases: Cultural phase pre-marriage, Cultural phase implementation of marriage, Cultural phase after marriage and pattern of settling after marriage. Second, Marriage Law in Islamic religious teachings with Matrial Law in the state law, in marriage ordinances of Melayu Palembang people in general can be said to have been aligned, in its implementation also in accordance with the rules and referral. Where as the references in the state law on marriage are Al Quran, Al Sunnah and Qaidah Fighiyah and Consesus of Muslims in Indonesia. Third, Contribution of customary law appears on before and after marriage where there are certain or dinances and there are certain ways to hold the marriage. The customary law of our country is the laws that suit the development of Islamic Society in Indonesia, customary marriage for Melayu Palembang people on its implementation is the application of Islamic Law Theory. Fourth, Construction of Islam in marriage maintained, that marriage has values that are preserved by Melayu Palembang people continuously. The value of faith in Islamic Marriage is a good act and behavior and can lead toward the marriage in the religion of Islam, namely to evoke marriage that enriches sakina, mawada, warahmah and barokah. The points contained in the religion of Islam contains the meaning and the bonding element that have a profund influence on customary marriage of Melayu Palembang people, because this bonds came from the power that comes from the Creator.
En Hafif Kafes Yapı Tasarımı için Bakteri Yiyecek Arama Optimizasyon Algoritmasının Parametre Analizi
Authors: Kaymak Burak
Published: August 2019

Topolojisi belirli kafes yapıların en hafif tasarımının elde edilmesi problemi kesit alanlarının belirlenmesine yönelik bir optimizasyon problemidir. Optimizasyon probleminin çözümünde  sürü tabanlı yöntemlerden olan bakteri yiyecek arama optimizasyon algoritması tercih edilmiştir. Bu algoritmanın en hafif kafes yapı tasarımı problemlerinin çözümünde başarı ile kullanması için seçilmesi gereken parametrelerin neler olması gerektiği üzerine çalışılmıştır. Algoritmanın parametreleri ikili gruplar halinde değiştirilerek sonuca etkileri araştırılmıştır. Ek olarak algoritmadan alınacak sonuca büyük oranda etki eden adım uzunluğu parametresinin seçiminde  baştan sona sabit bir değer kulanılması yerine üreme sayılarına bağlı olarak değiştirilmesi önerilmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular sonunda en hafif kafes tasarımı problemleri için uygun parametreler belirlenmiştir. Sürü tabanlı optimizasyon yöntemleri rastgele noktalardan başladıklarından her çalıştırma sonunda elde edilen sonuçlar da farklılık göstermektedir. Elde edilecek sonuçların birbirine olan yakınlığı algoritmanın kararlılığının bir göstergesidir. Çalışma sonunda ortaya çıkan parametreler kullanılarak üç örnek problem üzerinde yapılan analiz sonuçlarının varyasyon katsayılarının %0.7'nin altında olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada elde edilen bakteri yiyecek arama optimizasyon algoritması parametrelerinin en hafif kafes yapı tasarımı problemlerinde kullanılabilir olduğunu göstermektedir.
Uso potencial de la zeolita en la agricultura sustentable de la nueva revolución verde
Authors: Méndez-Argüello Bulmaro , Lira Saldivar Ricardo Hugo
Published: August 2019

En los sistemas agrícolas emanados de la Revolución Verde, el empleo de agroquímicos sin- téticos deteriora las condiciones del suelo, debido al incremento de metales pesados, agentes tóxicos y disminuye la fertilidad natural. Además, la poca o nula incorporación de materia orgánica que proporcionan los fertilizantes inorgánicos, hace que los mi- croorganismos benéficos sean perjudicados y afecta la capacidad del suelo para retener agua y nutrientes (Solgi et al. 2018). La Nueva Revolución Verde implica una clara tendencia en promover una agricultura intensiva ecológica o sustentable, para hacer un uso eficiente de los insumos agrícolas sin deteriorar los agroecosistemas, lo que motiva la producción de alimentos con productos y tecnologías innovadoras (Martin-Guay et al. 2018). Para lograr mayor eficiencia en el uso de agroinsumos y el rendimiento de los cultivos, se requiere considerar que la absorción de nutrientes por las raíces se presenta en la zona de la rizósfera, lo que obliga a buscar nuevos productos que promuevan el crecimiento radicular y que se mantengan las condiciones óptimas para la absorción de agua y nutrientes para inducir mayor crecimiento vegetativo (Besset-Manzoni et al. 2018).
Pollinators and floral visitors of two orchids in a protected natural area in Tuxpan, Veracruz
Authors: Alanís Méndez José Luis , Ortiz Santos Luz del Carmen , Chamorro Florescano Ivette Alicia , Pech Canché Juan Manuel , Limón Francisco
Published: August 2019

Floral visitors, particularly pollinators, are important during the life cycle of many orchids. However, despite their biological importance, this information is still unknown in many species, particularly those in mangrove forests. The aim of this research was to study the floral visitors, as well as the pollinators, of the two orchid species Myrmecophila grandifloraand Brassavola nodosa, in a protected natural area with mangrove (RAMSAR), in Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico. Ants of different genera were the floral visitors of M. grandiflora, its pollinator is the carpenter bee, Xylocopa nautlana. In B. nodosa, were observed mosquitoes and ladybugs as floral visitors, the pollinator could not be registered, but it is possible that it is a species of moth (Scopula sp.). Finally, this study provides field information about floral visitors and pollinators in two orchid species in mangrove ecosystems and the evidence for pollination.
Caracterización del nivel tecnológico y edad al primer estro de hembras Criollo Lechero Tropical
Authors: Severino-Lendechy Victor Hugo , Perezgrovas-Garza Raúl Andrés
Published: August 2019

El objetivo fue caracterizar el nivel tecnológico (NT), registrar la edad y peso al primer estro y primer servicio en vaquillas Criollo Lechero Tropical (CLT) en Méxio. Se emplearon nueve unidades de producción (UP). Las UP tuvieron un 33.3, 44.4 y 22.3% de NT bajo, medio y alto, respectivamente. La edad (meses) y peso al primer estro (kg) según el NT de las UP fue de 20.0 ± 3.0 y 280.0 ± 33.3 para NT bajo, 18.2 ± 1.64 y 286.3 ± 20.0 para NT medio y, 15.0 ± 1.6 y 260.0 ± 35.0 para NT alto, respectivamente. La edad (meses) y peso al primer servicio (kg) según el NT de las UP fue de 22.1 ± 2.0 y 310.0 ± 25.3 para NT bajo, 20.6 ± 2.0 y 319.5 ± 22.6 para NT medio y 17.5 ± 1.5 y 291.0 ± 30.1 para NT alto, respectivamente. La edad y peso al primer estro y primer servicio varía según el nivel tecnológico de la UP.
Análisis climático para la agricultura de temporal en Michoacán, México
Authors: Montiel-González Cristina , Gallegos Ángeles , Ortega Gómez Alba María , Bautista Francisco , Gopar-Merino Fernando , Velázquez Alejandro
Published: August 2019

El estado de Michoacán es uno de los mayores productores de cultivos de temporal con repercusión importante en la economía nacional. A pesar de la importancia agrícola del estado, aun no se han realizado estudios agroclimáticos explícitos que identifiquen el potencial de la Longitud del Periodo de Crecimiento (LPC). El objetivo del estudio fue realizar un análisis agroclimático del estado de Michoacán, considerando la LPC por zonas bioclimáticas. Se calculó la LPC de 112 estaciones meteorológicas situadas dentro del estado, con los datos climáticos se calculó el índice de humedad (IH) utilizando la evapotranspiración por los métodos de Thornthwaite y Hargreaves, se consideró los valores de IH mayores a 0.5 y se identificó el número de meses con lluvia continua, los cuales constituyen la LPC; que se utilizaron para espacializarlos por zonas bioclimáticas en un mapa. El análisis agroclimático mediante el uso de la LPC permitió identificar las zonas con 6, 5, 4 y 3 meses de lluvia continua. Con el mapa generado se pueden proponer el establecimiento de cultivos de temporal por zonas con potenciales climáticos que cubran los requerimientos de los cultivos; además, puede ser de utilidad para enfrentar el cambio climático mediante la sustitución de los cultivos en las zonas acordes a los meses de lluvia agrícola continua.
Pengaruh Suhu dan Jumlah Penyeduhan terhadap Kadar Kafein Terlarut dalam Produk Teh Hijau Kering dengan Metode KCKT
Authors: Annuryanti Febri , Zahroh Masruratos , Purwanto Djoko Agus
Published: August 2019

Pendahuluan: Teh adalah salah satu minuman yang paling banyak dikonsumsi di dunia dan memiliki khasiat bagi kesehatan. Selain memiliki manfaat, teh juga mengandung kafein yang dapat memberikan efek samping apabila dikonsumsi secara berlebihan. Efek samping yang ditimbulkan diantaranya insomnia, ansietas, takikardia dan napas yang cepat. Oleh karena itu, saat ini diinginkan teh dengan kandungan kafein yang rendah. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan efek suhu dan jumlah penyeduhan terhadap konsentrasi kafein yang terlarut dari sampel kering teh hijau. Metode: Pada studi ini digunakan tiga macam suhu (50°C, 70°C, 100°C) dan tiga kali pengulangan penyeduhan. Kafein terlarut dianalisa dengan menggunakan kondisi KCKT sebagai berikut: kolom C-18-μbondapak, fase gerak metanol : air : asam asetat 2% v/v (30:65:5) dengan laju alir 0,45 mL/menit. Deteksi dilakukan pada panjang gelombang 272 nm. Parameter validasi yang dilakukan meliputi selektifitas, linieritas, akurasi, presisi, LOD dan LOQ. Seluruh parameter validasi memenuhi persyaratan yang telah ditetapkan. Hasil: Kadar kafein tertinggi diperoleh pada penyeduhan pertama pada suhu 100oC dan kadar kafein terendah ditemukan pada penyeduhan ketiga pada suhu yang sama. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil analisis, dapat disimpulkan bahwa suhu dan jumlah penyeduhan dapat mempengaruhi kadar kafein terlarut pada teh hijau.
Pengaruh Matriks Kombinasi Alginat:Gelatin (2%:1%) terhadap Karakteristik dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Mikrosfer Probiotik Lactobacillus acidophilus
Authors: Purwanti Tutiek , Puspita Ria , Erawati Tristiana
Published: August 2019

Pendahuluan: Mikrosfer adalah salah satu sistem penghantaran obat yang dapat digunakan untuk menghantarkan obat pada pemakaian secara oral maupun topikal. Efektivitas mikrosfer sebagai sistem penghantar obat antara lain dipengaruhi oleh polimer penyusun matriknya. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini  untuk mengetahui pengaruh matrik natrium alginate 2% : gelatin 1%  terhadap karakteristik mikrosfer probiotik yaitu ukuran, efisiensi penjebakan, dan aktivitas antibakteri yaitu diameter zona hambatnya. Metode: Dibuat mikrosfer probiotik dengan matriks berbeda yaitu kombinasi alginate:gelatin (2%:1%) (F-I), matriks alginat 3% (F-II) dan matriks gelatin 3% (F-III). Mikrosfer probiotik dibuat dengan teknik ekstrusi dan dikeringkan menggunakan oven. Hasil: Hasil pemeriksaan karakteristik menunjukkan bahwa rerata ukuran partikel F-I, F-II, dan F-III berturut-turut adalah 8,03 µm, 9,69 µm, dan 5,40 µm. Efisiensi penjebakan F-I, F-II, dan F-III berturut-turut adalah  77,48 %, 84,20 %, dan 87,93 %. Sedangkan hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri, diperoleh diameter zona hambat F-I, F-II, dan F-III berturut-turut  adalah  11,72 ± 0,58 mm , 9,8 ± 0,57 mm, dan  9,27, ± 0,19 mm. Hasil uji statistik dengan metode ANOVA yang dilanjutkan uji HSD menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan pada ukuran, efisiensi penjebakan maupun  diameter zona hambat antara mikrosfer probiotik F-I, F-II, F-III. Kesimpulan: Disimpulkan bahwa mikrosfer probiotik F-I dengan matriks kombinasi alginat:gelatin  (2%:1%) memiliki ukuran yang lebih kecil dari F-I (matriks alginat 3%) dan lebih besar dari F-III (matriks gelatin 3%). Mikrosfer probiotik F-I memiliki harga efisiensi penjebakan paling rendah, tetapi memiliki aktivitas antibakteri paling besar dibandingkan dengan mikrosfer probiotik F-II dan F-III.
Deep Learning for Detecting Building Defects Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Perez Husein , H.M. Tah Joseph , Mosavi Amir
Published: August 2019

Clients are increasingly looking for fast and effective means to quickly and frequently survey and communicate the condition of their buildings so that essential repairs and maintenance work can be done in a proactive and timely manner before it becomes too dangerous and expensive. Traditional methods for this type of work commonly comprise of engaging building surveyors to undertake a condition assessment which involves a lengthy site inspection to produce a systematic recording of the physical condition of the building elements, including cost estimates of immediate and projected long-term costs of renewal, repair and maintenance of the building. Current asset condition assessment procedures are extensively time consuming, laborious, and expensive and pose health and safety threats to surveyors, particularly at height and roof levels which are difficult to access. We propose a method for automated detection and localisation of key building defects from images using deep learning and convolution neural networks. The proposed model is based on a pre-trained VGG-16 classifier with Class Activation Mapping (CAM) for object localisation. The model has proven to be robust and able to accurately detect and localise mould growth, stains, and paint deterioration defects arising from dampness in buildings. The approach is being developed with potentials to scale-up to support automated detection of defects and deterioration of buildings in real-time using mobile devices and drones.
Skeletal Metastases of Unknown Primary: Biological Landscape and Clinical Overview
Authors: Argentiero Antonella , Solimando Antonio Giovanni , Brunetti Oronzo , Calabrese Angela , Pantano Francesco , Iuliani Michele , Santini Daniele , Silvestris Nicola , Vacca Angelo
Published: August 2019

Skeletal metastases of unknown primary (SMUP) represent a clinical challenge dealing with patients diagnosed with bone metastases. The management have improved significantly in the past years, however fraught with lack of evidences, approach to these patients held out hope for more systematic and tailored treatment—and some patients can achieve impressive gains. Nevertheless, in real-life practice the outlook at the beginning of the take in charge of SMUP is decidedly more somber. An incomplete translational relevance of pathological and clinical data on the mortality and morbidity rate has had unsatisfactory consequences for SMUP patients and their physicians. We examined several approaches to confront the available evidences and highlighted three key points that emerge. The characterization of the SMUP biologic profile is essential to drive clinical decisions, integrating genetic and molecular profile into a multi-step diagnostic work-up. Nonetheless, pragmatic investigation plan and therapy of SMUP cannot follow a single template; it must be adapted to different pathophysiological dynamics and coordinated with efforts of a systematic algorithm and high-quality data derived from statistically powered clinical trials within. This review argues that greater efforts are required to face the unmet need dealing with SMUP patients in oncology. Finally, we provide an original functional network analysis, identifying novel therapeutic targets.
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of the Pediatric Thoracic Spine with Development of Neurological Compromise
Authors: Burkes Jonathan C. , Anderson John T.
Published: August 2019

Case:

This report describes a 7-year-old girl with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) of the thoracic spine who developed neurological deterioration during nonsurgical management. She was treated with decompression and instrumented fusion followed by chemotherapy, recovered completely after surgery, and was doing well at 6-year follow-up.

Conclusions:

The best treatment of LCH of the spine is not clear, but in the setting of neurologic compromise after failing conservative management, surgical decompression with adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered.
Surgical Technique to Manage Periprosthetic Fractures of the Knee in Patients with Infected Leg Ulcers
Authors: Smitham Peter J. , Vohora Ashray , Howie Donald W. , Atkins Gerald J. , Solomon Lucian B.
Published: August 2019

Cases:

We describe 2 cases of nonagenarians with periprosthetic knee fractures that were not amenable to either standard internal fixation nor prosthesis revision because of infected leg ulcers in the same limb. The fractures were internally fixed by percutaneous insertion of medial and lateral plates that spanned the knee. Both patients returned to their baseline level of activity without developing surgical site infections.

Conclusions:

Percutaneous bridging plates that span the knee are a useful option for treating these difficult cases.